bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Timescale dependence of airborne fraction and underlying climate–carbon-cycle feedbacks for weak perturbations in CMIP5 models
Authors: Torres Mendonça Guilherme L. , Pongratz Julia , Reick Christian H.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The response of the global climate–carbon-cycle system to anthropogenic perturbations happens differently at different timescales. The unravelling of the memory structure underlying this timescale dependence is a major challenge in climate research. Recently the widely applied α–β–γ framework proposed by Friedlingstein et al. (2003) to quantify climate–carbon-cycle feedbacks has been generalized to account also for such internal memory. By means of this generalized framework, we investigate the timescale dependence of the airborne fraction for a set of Earth system models that participated in CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5). The analysis is based on published simulation data from C4MIP-type (Coupled Climate–Carbon Cycle Model Intercomparison) experiments with these models. Independently of the considered scenario, the proposed generalization describes at global scale the reaction of the climate–carbon system to sufficiently weak perturbations. One prediction from this theory is how the timescale-resolved airborne fraction depends on the underlying feedbacks between climate and the carbon cycle. These feedbacks are expressed as timescale-resolved functions depending solely on analogues of the α, β, and γ sensitivities, introduced in the generalized framework as linear response functions. In this way a feedback-dependent quantity (airborne fraction) is predicted from feedback-independent quantities (the sensitivities). This is the key relation underlying our study. As a preparatory step, we demonstrate the predictive power of the generalized framework exemplarily for simulations with the Max Planck Institute (MPI) Earth System Model. The whole approach turns out to be valid for perturbations of up to an about 100 ppm CO2 rise above the pre-industrial level; beyond this value the response becomes non-linear. By means of the generalized framework we then derive the timescale dependence of the airborne fraction from the underlying climate–carbon-cycle feedbacks for an ensemble of CMIP5 models. Our analysis reveals that for all studied CMIP5 models (1) the total climate–carbon-cycle feedback is negative at all investigated timescales, (2) the airborne fraction generally decreases for increasing timescales, and (3) the land biogeochemical feedback dominates the model spread in the airborne fraction at all these timescales. Qualitatively similar results were previously found by employing the original α–β–γ framework to particular perturbation scenarios, but our study demonstrates that, although obtained from particular scenario simulations, they are characteristics of the coupled climate–carbon-cycle system as such, valid at all considered timescales. These more general conclusions are obtained by accounting for the internal memory of the system as encoded in the generalized sensitivities, which in contrast to the original α, β, and γ are scenario-independent.
The effect of stiffness contrasts at faults on stress orientation
Authors: Ziegler Moritz O. , Seithel Robin , Niederhuber Thomas , Heidbach Oliver , Kohl Thomas , Müller Birgit , Rajabi Mojtaba , Reiter Karsten , Röckel Luisa
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Even though the crustal stress state is primarily driven by gravitational volume forces and plate tectonics, interpretations of borehole breakout observations show occasionally abrupt rotations of horizontal stress orientation of up to 90° when faults are crossed. This indicates the influence of faults on the local stress state, which parameter control the degree of rotation. Herein, we investigate the phenomenon of principal stress rotation at a fault by means of a 2D generic numerical model. We parametrised the fault as a rock stiffness contrast and investigate systematically the full model parameter space in terms of the ratio of the applied principal stresses, the rock stiffness contrast, as well as the angle between fault strike and orientation of the principal stress axis. General findings are that the stress rotation is negatively correlated with the ratio of principal stresses. A small angle between the far field stress orientation and the fault facilitates stress rotation. A high contrast in rock stiffness further increases the stress rotation angle. Faults striking perpendicular to the maximum principal stress orientation experience no rotation at all. However, faults oriented parallel to the maximum principal stress orientation experience either no rotation or a 90° rotation, dependent on the ratio of principal stresses and the rock stiffness contrast. A comparison with observations from various boreholes worldwide shows that in general, the findings are well in agreement, even though the dip angle proves to have an influence on the stress rotation, in particular for shallow dipping faults.
A global dust emission dataset for estimating dust radiative forcings in climate models
Authors: Leung Danny M. , Kok Jasper F. , Li Longlei , Lawrence David M. , Mahowald Natalie M. , Tilmes Simone , Kluzek Erik
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Sedimentary records indicate that atmospheric dust has increased substantially since preindustrial times. However, state-of-the-art global Earth system models (ESMs) are unable to capture this historical increase, posing challenges in assessing the impacts of desert dust on Earth’s climate. To address this issue, we construct a globally gridded dust emission dataset (DustCOMMv1) spanning 1841–2000. We do so by combining 19 sedimentary records of dust deposition with observational and modeling constraints on the modern-day dust cycle. The derived emission dataset contains interdecadal variability of dust emissions as forced by the deposition flux records, which increased by approximately 50 % from the 1850s to the 1990s. We further provide future dust emission datasets for 2000–2100 by assuming three possible scenarios for how future dust emissions will evolve. We evaluate the dust emission dataset and illustrate its effectiveness in enforcing a historical dust increase in ESMs by implementing conducting a long-term (1851–2000) dust cycle simulation with the Community Earth System Model (CESM2). The simulated dust deposition is in reasonable agreement with the long-term increase in most sedimentary dust deposition records and with measured long-term trends in dust concentration at sites in Miami and Barbados. This contrasts with the CESM2 simulations using a process-based dust emission scheme and with simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), which show little to no secular trends in dust deposition, concentration, and optical depth. The DustCOMM emissions thus enables ESMs to account for the historical radiative forcings (RFs), including due to dust direct interactions with radiation (direct RF). Our CESM2 simulations estimate a 1981–2000 minus 1851–1870 direct RF of –0.10 W m-2 from dust particles up to 10 μm in diameter (PM10).
Fine and coarse dust radiative impact during an intense Saharan dust outbreak over the Iberian Peninsula. Part I: Short-wave direct radiative effect
Authors: López-Cayuela María-Ángeles , Córdoba-Jabonero Carmen , Sicard Michaël , Abril-Gago Jesús , Salgueiro Vanda , Comerón Adolfo , Granados-Muñoz María José , Costa Maria João , Muñoz-Porcar Constantino , Bravo-Aranda Juan Antonio , Bortoli Daniele , Rodríguez-Gómez Alejandro , Alados-Arboledas Lucas , Guerrero-Rascado Juan Luis
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Mineral dust has a key role in the Earth’s radiative balance, and it has become significant over the Iberian Peninsula (IP), where Saharan dust outbreaks seem to increase in frequency and intensity. This study quantifies the dust direct radiative effect (DRE) in the short-wave range (SW), during an intense persistent springtime dust episode over the IP. A long-term analysis (14 days) was performed over five lidar stations. The vertical distribution of dust optical properties was derived, finding a wide dynamic range of aerosol concentration that allowed a suitable statistical study. The Global Atmospheric Model (GAME) was used for radiative transfer simulations. This study innovates by simulating the SW DRE using two distinct methodologies, finding differences between both approaches. The novel approach separates the impact of both fine (Df) and coarse (Dc) dust components and calculates the total DRE as their combined sum. In contrast, the approach commonly used directly simulates the DRE for the total dust as a whole. Across the dust pathway along the IP, the SW DRE consistently registered a pattern of aerosol-induced cooling at both surface (BOA) and top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA). Results agree with the fact that the Df role cannot be disregarded, that is primarily responsible for SW radiative modulation. In particular, Df contributed nearly half of the total DRE at BOA and TOA in this event. In addition, the Df-to-total ratio influences the differences in DRE obtained by comparing both methodologies, being higher when the differences of the asymmetry factor at 440 nm between the fine and total dust component are greater than a value of 0.1.
Incineration, Urbanization, and Municipal Solid Waste in the World-System
Authors: Fu Albert S. , Balaban Utku
Published: April 2024

Incineration, or waste-to-energy, is a widespread means of greenwashing municipal solid waste collection worldwide. This paper looks at incineration and the trade of bottom ash to discuss how urbanization in one country pressures urban expansion elsewhere in the modern world-system. Incineration is a coping mechanism for excess waste produced by cities under capitalism. It generates energy, reduces the volume of waste, and creates ash that can be used in cement production. However, it is far from sustainable, as it facilitates expansion-oriented growth. Using UN Comtrade data, we find that incineration is a material and metabolic process that promotes global urbanization in the following ways: 1.) Corporations producing and selling incineration are part of a transnational growth machine that fuels the treadmill of production. 2.) North-North, North-South, and South-South relationships encourage incineration as a means of ecological modernization. 3.) These relationships have both hierarchical and polycentric dimensions—allowing us to create a typology for understanding such processes within the modern world-system.
Mexican Haunting of Venezuela’s Oil Workers (1912–1948)
Authors: Gates Leslie C.
Published: April 2024

This paper examines early twentieth century labor movements in Venezuela and Mexico that offer an opportunity to better specify how global capitalism can spawn divergent, not just convergent, resistance movements. It zeroes in on the oil workers in the decades when Venezuela became incorporated into global oil production (1912–1948). Their bread and butter demands for improvements to wages and labor conditions paled in comparison to those of their anticapitalist counterparts in Latin America’s first oil powerhouse: Mexico. This study elaborates why Venezuela’s labor movement is surprising, devises a world-historical approach to explain it, and illustrates the potential of this approach to help us reconcile differences in resistance despite apparent universalizing pressures of global economic forces. It demonstrates that Venezuela’s less radical forms of labor resistance derived from the earlier lessons the oil capitalists brought from Mexico to Venezuela on how to avoid anticapitalist labor militants. In unraveling the Mexican origins for Venezuela’s less anticapitalist labor resistance, this study spotlights incorporation as a process which can forge distinct resistance agendas even in nations on apparently parallel development trajectories. It calls for delving into histories of incorporation and exploring how their legacies create conditions more, or less, conducive for anticapitalist resistance today.
Carceral Power in World Historical Context
Authors: Kurti Zhandarka , Gönen Zeynep
Published: April 2024

This paper invites a conversation between world-systems perspective and radical criminology to contribute to a more robust materialist, historical, and global understanding of policing, prisons, and carceral power. We trace the genealogy of these two approaches to the larger transformations of global capitalism in the 1960s and 1970s, including ruling class responses to capitalist crises vis a vis neoliberal restructuring as well as the social struggles waged by antisystemic movements. Both world-systems and radical criminology brought a critical and Marxist perspective to the liberal social sciences, yet dialogue between them has been lacking. On the one hand, world-systems analysis offers a structural explanation of capitalism but often side steps the role that carceral power plays to manage the system’s deepening contradictions. On the other hand, radical criminology focuses on carceral power but often limits its analysis to advanced core countries and not to the entire capitalist system. We argue that bringing these two critical approaches together can offer us a renewed Marxist perspective to the interrelated issues of capitalist crisis and carceral power and thus make possible new lines of inquiry and research best suited for grappling with the major contradictions of capitalism in the twenty-first century.
Woman’s Work: Making Something Out of Nothing
Authors: Douglas Roxanne
Published: April 2024

This paper introduces this Special Issue of the Journal of World-Systems Research, “Women in World-Literature: A Woman’s Work” by making the case that the Warwick Research Collective’s (WReC 2015: 9) conception of “combined and uneven development” can not only be applied to women’s writing in conversation with materialist feminist theory, but perhaps misses the ways in which women, Black feminists, indigenous lifeways, and queer world-making shows us a form of work that is not bound by the wage or value-exchange system, as many acts of care or favors often described as “women’s work”—cannot be repaid (Walton and Luker 2019). Missing from the WReC’s framework is an explicit engagement with women’s writing and how women contribute to, and are exploited by, the world-system. This Special Issue thus focuses on only one aspect of women’s engagement with the world-literary system: women’s work. From the labor market, motherhood, sex work, affective work, to knowledge production and storytelling, to the very work of consumption itself. Social reproduction theory and materialist feminists have made the case that capitalism relies on the invisible labor of women, particularly domestic work and community work. Yet, if we consider the creative dimensions of women’s work, do we discover gaps in world-systems frameworks which, when refracted through literary analysis, actually upset capitalism’s insistence upon the inevitability of exchange value? To exemplify this, I turn to Silvia Federici’s explanations of the witch as a tool to think about how we might “make something out of nothing.”
Human Milk Nutrients: The Influence of Maternal Diet and Nutritional Status
Authors: Bala Faith
Published: April 2024

Human milk is recommended as the sole source of nutrients during the first six months of life and as a key source of nutrients for up to two years or beyond. This recommendation is backed by extensive evidence that human milk feeding reduces the risk of short- and long-term morbidity and mortality and supports optimal child development. Unlike infant formula which has a consistent composition, the composition of human milk fluctuates due to a range of different factors, of which maternal nutrition is one. Understanding the concentration of various nutrients in human milk and the influence of maternal diet and nutritional status is important for supporting optimal breastfeeding practices. Thus, this review aimed to summarize the influence of maternal diet and nutritional status on the composition of human milk nutrients.

Key words: Human Milk; Maternal Nutrition; Maternal Diet; Maternal Nutritional Status; Breastfeeding; Breast Milk.
Kelola Limbah Berbahaya Menjadi Barang Multiguna Melalui Pelatihan Pembuatan Sabun dari Minyak Jelantah di Kampung Malon
Authors: Syaifudin Andang , Aris Munandar Nadaa Haniyyah , Muhtarom Ahmad Amiruddin , Yansah Ahmad Febri , Reza Muhammad , Lutvia Rizmasari Alifta Dina , Larasati Winda , 'Aini Munadiya Qurrotul
Published: April 2024

Permasalahan lingkungan menjadi salah satu fokus utama dalam pembangunan berkelanjutan. Peningkatan aktivitas manusia berdampak pada meningkatnya limbah berbahaya yang berpotensi mengancam kelestarian lingkungan. Minyak jelantah termasuk limbah Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun (B3) yang dihasilkan oleh kegiatan rumah tangga. Masyarakat di Kampung Malon belum mengelola dengan baik limbah minyak jelantah, oleh karena itu perlu diadakan kegiatan pelatihan pengelolaan minyak jelantah. Pengelolaan ini menjadi penting karena meningkatnya jumlah penduduk dan intensifikasi aktivitas manusia sehingga potensi kerusakan yang diakibatkan akan semakin besar jika tidak ditangani. Metode pengabdian yaitu berupa penyuluhan dan praktik pembuatan yang diolah menggunakan metode deskriptif-eksplanatif. Salah satu produk olahan minyak jelantah yaitu sabun. Kegiatan pelatihan ini melalui tahap persiapan dan pelaksanaan. Kegiatan pengabdian ini dapat meningkatkan pemahaman dan kesadaran masyarakat pentingnya mengelola limbah B3 menjadi barang yang lebih bermanfaat dan memiliki nilai ekonomis. Melalui kegiatan pelatihan ini, masyarakat memahami bahaya membuang minyak jelantah begitu saja ke lingkungan dan mampu membuat sabun dari minyak jelantah.
Peningkatan Atensi Dan Motorik Pada Anak: Pemberdayaan Pada Anak-Anak Desa Keputih
Authors: Larasti Putri Khairunnisa , Rizqillah Vira , Asy-Syifa Zid Sayyid Adam , Nugroho Afif Rifai , Imamah Afta Haliza , Jasmine Dafa Alfitri , Dhifaldi Daffa Abrar , Santi Dwi Rukma
Published: April 2024

Menjawab persoalan yang dihadapi oleh masyarakat seperti kurangnya semangat belajar, pemahaman urgensi pendidikan, serta kurangnya kemampuan atensi dan motorik anak-anak ketika belajar. Program pemberdayaan ini berfokus pada pengembangan atensi dan motorik anak-anak melalui media belajar. Perkembangan tersebut perlu diperhatikan karena dapat berpengaruh padai keterlambat belajar, prestasi tak optimal, kesulitan menyelesaikan tugas, dan kesulitan dalam tuntutan sosial. Tujuan dari pemberdayaan ini yaitu untuk membatu anak-anak meningkatkan kemampuan belajar serta meningkatkan kesadaran bagi para orang tua tentang pentingnya atensi dan motorik dalam proses perkembangan anak. Metode yang digunakan yaitu menggunakan metode CBR (Community Based Research). Adapun hasil dari program pemberdayaan ini yaitu adanya peningkatan atensi dan motorik anak-anak di Desa Keputih Tegal Timur Surabaya. Hal tersebut berdasarkan ketertarikan dan kefokusan dalam penyelesaian puzzle, kreativitas saat membuat batik jumputan, dan keantusiasan serta merancang strategi pada anak-anak untuk memenangkan games bola karet dan estafet bola.
Pemulihan Ekonomi Melalui Optimalisasi Produksi Ketan Hitam Sebagai “Mabello”
Authors: Sari Novi Primita , Yuli Sri Budi Cantika
Published: April 2024

Lulur tradisional dapat memiliki beberapa manfaat yang bermanfaat yang baik bagi kulit, meskipun pengaruhnya pada setiap orang dapat bervariasi tergantung pada individu dan jenis kulit masing-masing. Lulur yang diproduksi ini menggunakan manfaat ketan hitam, dimana Lulur dari ketan hitam ini dapat memberikan beberapa manfaat sekali bagi kulit diantaranya adalah menghaluskan kulit, mengurangi peradangan dan mencerahkan kulit. Produk yang dihasilkan ini  memiliki nilai tambah yaitu belum ada sama sekali produk sejenis bahkan di malang raya rata-rata produk pesaing ini berada diluar pulau jawa seperti didaerah asalnya Kalimantan, sehingga besar sekali peluang usaha yang dapat dilakukan dan dikembangkan dengan tidak adanya produk pesaing sejenis disekitar. Kegiatan pendampingan proses produksi yang masih sangat tradisional serta proses packaging sudah bagus tetapi yang menjadi perhatian utama adalah lulur masih berbentuk basah sehingga bisa dilakukan adalah dalam proses packaging dan proses produksi harus diperhatikan lebih mendalam agar kemanan serta kulitas dari hasil lulur yang diproduksi terjamin. Dalam pengabdian ini kami memberikan design logo baru pada produk agar lebih menarik dan mendaftarkan merk dagang serta logo pada HAKI.
Pelatihan Pembukuan Usaha Sederhana Berbasis Aplikasi Digital Bagi UMKM di Desa Majasari Kecamatan Cibogo
Authors: Suciati Fitri , Safitri Laras Sirly , Purwasih Rita , Mukminah Nurul , Fathurohman Ferdi , Pratiwi Putri Citra , Baharta Ridwan
Published: April 2024

Desa Majasari merupakan salah satu desa yang terletak di Kecamatan Cibogo Kabupaten Subang, potensi pertanian yang dimiliki oleh desa Majasari mendorong tumbuhnya Usaha Kecil Mikro dan Menengah (UMKM) di bidang pangan olahan seperti produksi keripik sentul, opak, kerupuk kulit, keripik sukun dan produk pangan olahan lainnya. Dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan usahanya, para pelaku UMKM ini belum menerapkan pembukuan usaha secara baik, bahkan sebagian diantaranya belum membukukan usahanya. Pembukuan usaha merupakan salah satu aspek penting dalam manajemen usaha. Pembukuan juga dapat membantu pelaku usaha dalam mencapai keberhasilan usaha, melihat perkembangan keuangan serta dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pertimbangan dalam pengambilan keputusan. Seiring dengan kemajuan teknologi, pembukuan ini tersedia di aplikasi pembukuan berbasis Android, sehingga pembukuan dapat dengan mudah dilakukan. Aplikasi ini dapat digunakan untuk mencatat arus kas, sehingga dapat diketahui dengan pasti omzet yang didapatkan. Aplikasi ini juga dapat secara mudah digunakan oleh berbagai kalangan usaha, baik usaha kecil, mikro ataupun usaha menengah (UMKM).
Pelatihan Literasi Media Digital Sebagai Upaya Marketing Digital Pada TK Insan Mandiri
Authors: Milyane Tita Melia , Djuwita Amalia , Astuti Sri Wahyuning , Gathan Muhammad , Firdaus Moh Honey
Published: April 2024

Media digital berkembang di Indonesia sejak tahun 2000 hingga sekarang. Perkembangan pesat media digital dan dapat diakses oleh semua kalangan masyarakat, tidaklah membuat orang memahami betul manfaat positif dari media digital ini. Sebagian besar orang menggunakan media digital untuk ekspose diri, sebagian lagi untuk kepentingan pertemanan, pencarian informasi dsb. Salah satu perkembangan media digital yang penting saat ini adalah manfaatnya untuk kepentingan marketing, termasuk marketing di lingkup Pendidikan. TK Plus Insan Mandiri adalah salah satu sekolah yang belum memanfaatkan peluang ini, sehingga kondisi siswa di sekolah ini setiap tahun mengalami penurunan yang signifikan.  Untuk itu, kami team pengabdian masyarakat melakukan kegiatan pelatihan pemanfaatan media digital untuk menunjang marketing digital sekolah dengan tujuan agar Guru dan Orang Tua siswa dapat memiliki kemampuan melek media digital dan memanfaatkannya untuk marketing sekolah. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan abdimas ini adalah melalui pelatihan pendampingan literasi media digital pada guru dan orang tua siswa TK Plus Insan Mandiri, dimana pelatihan ini dilaksanakan selama 1 hari. Peserta pelatihan adalah seluruh Guru dan Orang tua siswa (masyarakat sasar). Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah meningkatnya pemahaman peserta masyarakat sasar dalam literasi media digitalnya untuk kepentingan marketing sekolah. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah meningkatkan kemampuan dan ketrampilan masyarakat sasar dalam melek media digital. Hasil akhir dari kegiatan ini adalah adanya perubahan ketrampilan dan kemampuan masyarakat sasar dalam memahami manfaat media digitalnya sehingga dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan jumlah siswa dis ekolah ini. Adapun luaran kegiatan ini adalah tayangan kegiatan di You Tube, publikasi media massa digital, materi power point serta publikasi di jurnal nasional.
THE EFFECT OF PRIMARY LOCALIZATION OF COLORECTAL CANCER ON KRAS STATUS AND ITS PROGNOSTIC VALUE
Authors: Kukanova A. , Bekisheva A. , Dhantemirova N. , Mauletbayev M. , Akhmedin D. , Makishev A.
Published: April 2024

Relevance: Colorectal cancer (CRC), arising from the right-sided or left-sided colon, is a separate clinical and pathological unit. The status of KRAS and its predictive value in CRC remain controversial.

The study aimed to explore the effect of primary tumor localization on KRAS gene status in CRC.

Methods: The study included 60 patients with colon and rectal cancer. The KRAS mutation test was performed on paraffin-coated tumor samples using PCR methods. Colon cancer was divided into right-sided colon cancer (RSCC) and left-sided colon cancer (LSCC).

Results: KRAS mutation was found much more often in rectal cancer (RC) and sigmoid colon (SC) (p=0.413) than in tumors in other parts of the colon. A combined analysis of our data and previously published data showed that KRAS mutation was more common in PSTC, especially in the area of the hepatic bend of the colon than in LSTC (p=0.120). The association of the KRAS mutation with the patient’s age (p<0.012) and the duration of hospitalization (p<0.001) was established.>

Conclusion: Our study revealed no significant difference in the KRAS status between colon cancer and rectal cancer. However, KRAS mutation was much more common in RSCC compared to LSCC. Patients with RSCC with mutated KRAS also had a worse prognosis and required longer hospitalization compared to wild-type KRAS. However, patients with LSCC did not demonstrate a similar effect.
A NOVEL SBS COMPOUND VIA BLENDING WITH PS-B-PMBL DIBLOCK COPOLYMER FOR ENHANCED MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Authors: Versteeg Friso G. , Raharjanto Ariq , Parisi Daniele , Picchioni Francesco
Published: April 2024

Styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) rubbers are one of the most frequently used thermoplastic elastomers globally. The upper operating temperature of SBS is limited by the glass transition temperature (Tg) of poly(styrene) (PS), circa 100 °C. This study demonstrates a noteworthy enhancement in the properties of SBSs by introducing a diblock copolymer consisting of styrene and α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone (α-MBL). Polymers derived from α-MBL exhibit exceptional thermal stability, attributable to a Tg of 195 °C. Notably, α-MBL, also recognized as Tulipalin A, is a biorenewable compound naturally found in tulips. This investigation encompasses both crosslinked and noncrosslinked blends of poly(styrene)-block-poly(α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone) diblock copolymer (PS-b-PMBL) and poly(styrene)-block-poly(butadiene)-block-poly(styrene) triblock copolymer, within the 0–20 wt% PS-b-PMBL range. Thorough examination using thermal analysis and linear shear rheology reveals that all blends surpass the properties of their pure SBS counterparts. Specifically, blending at 200 °C induces crosslinking between the polymers, yielding heightened Young’s modulus and complex viscosity, thereby resulting in a robust and rigid material compared with noncrosslinked blends. For noncrosslinked blends, an increase in strength is observed while maintaining commendable rubbery properties. Notably, the noncrosslinked blends permit the recycling of components (SBS and PS-b-PMBL) through the redissolving of rubber in tetrahydrofuran. These findings present a promising avenue for the enhancement of rubbers through the incorporation of biorenewable compounds.
EFFECT OF DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENT PRETREATMENT ON DEVULCANIZATION OF WASTE RUBBER POWDER
Authors: Gao Lining , Li Li , He Rui , Zheng Xinqiu , Qin Ruihao
Published: April 2024

The recycling of waste rubber is very important for environmental protection, but the compatibility problem restricts the recycling and application of waste rubber powder (WRP). Devulcanization of WRP has been proven to be an effective method to improve the solubilization effect. The use of environmentally friendly nontoxic solvents can not only improve the devulcanization effect but also avoid secondary pollution. Thus, in this article, an environmentally friendly deep eutectic solvent (DES) is first prepared and then applied to the devulcanization treatment of WRP. The results show that the prepared DES has a positive devulcanization effect, and the devulcanization rate can reach 50%. The devulcanization mechanism can be divided into two aspects: (1) adsorption and removal of sulfur-containing low-molecular compounds and (2) destruction of the crosslinking structure and improvement of fluidity. Observation of the microstructure showed that the rougher the surface of the desulfurized rubber powder, the more conducive to the crosslinking reaction with the matrix material to form a uniform whole. The devulcanization mechanism of DES is divided into destroying the sulfur-containing cross-linked structure and adsorbing the sulfur-containing low-molecular compounds. The surface of WRP after DES treatment is rougher and more porous, which is beneficial to the crosslinking reaction with the matrix material. Finally, the optimum process conditions for the de-crosslinking effect are determined by orthogonal test as follows: liquid-solid ratio 15∶1, temperature 120°C, time 0.5 h.
The impact of brand's effectiveness on navigating issues related to diversity equity and inclusion
Authors: Adwan Ahmad Al , Alsoud Malek
Published: April 2024

Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) are crucial for commercial success, fostering innovation, fresh ideas, and mutual respect. Prioritizing DEI is vital for businesses to connect with a broader customer base. A study examined how effective diversity management influences a brand's diverse customer base and DEI policies. It explored the impact of DEI culture, workforce, evaluation practices, product issue resolution, and diversity partnerships on customers. Multinational entities surveyed, with 176 online HR and marketing experts participating. Likert scales, gauged responses, and structured equation modeling analyzed data. The study found that embedding DEI into company culture, maintaining diverse personnel, monitoring DEI performance, addressing DEI challenges with products, and engaging diverse partners positively affect a varied customer base. The research emphasizes that multicultural team leaders must prioritize diversity management for successful implementation, providing a theoretical and statistical framework for effective DEI policies across diverse clienteles.
Supply chain and digital marketing in increasing the acceleration of repositioning in the millennial generation and the implications for cooperative sustainability
Authors: Sintani Lelo , Basrowi Basrowi , Anden Trecy E. , Retawati Anike
Published: April 2024

The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of supply chain and digital marketing in increasing the acceleration of repositioning in the Millennial Generation and its implications for the sustainability of cooperatives in the city of Palangka Raya where the study was executed. The sample in this study was 250 respondents consisting of the millennial generation (born 1981-1996) and Generation Z (born 1997-2012), using the Stratified random sampling technique. Data collected through questionnaires was then analyzed using SEM-PLS. The findings of the research and data analysis indicate that: Supply Chain and Digital Marketing directly have a positive and significant effect on the Acceleration of Repositioning in the Millennial Generation in Palangka Raya City; Apart from that, Supply Chain, Digital Marketing and Accelerated Repositioning to the Millennial Generation directly have a positive and significant impact on the Sustainability of Cooperatives in the City of Palangka Raya; Accelerating Repositioning in the Millennial Generation was able to partially mediate Supply Chain and Digital Marketing towards Cooperative Sustainability in Palangka Raya City, Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. So, it can be concluded that to improve Cooperative Sustainability among the Millennial Generation in Indonesia, important factors that must be improved include Supply Chain, Digital Marketing, and Accelerated Repositioning.
The adoption of business-to-consumer commerce for small and medium enterprises growth
Authors: Praswati Aflit Nuryulia , Sukresna I Made , Muna Nalal , Muna Nilna
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to address the underexplored area of the adoption of Business-to-Consumer (B2C) Commerce by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). In addition, this study specifically focused on factors influencing B2C adoption by SMEs, its impact on marketing performance, and potential strategies for optimization. Recognizing the scarcity of quantitative studies on digitization's impact on SMEs, this study emphasized the need for a systematic understanding of these enterprises’ responses to e-commerce adoption. In line with the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework, the primary focus was on the continuous evaluation and optimization of e-commerce platforms, including AI integration, within core marketing strategies. Based on customer tech-savviness in the environmental dimension, adapting e-commerce strategies ensured a comprehensive approach in the evolving technological landscape. While providing valuable insights, several limitations, such as context-specific findings and potential response bias due to self-reported data were also identified. Consequently, future investigations were advised to include comparative studies between e-commerce-adopting and conventionally operating organizations, as well as explore perspectives of e-commerce users and consider industry-specific variations. This was pertinent because investigating e-commerce implementation in emerging technologies and platforms could offer insights into the dynamic landscape of digital business. In conclusion, this study contributed to the cognition of B2C Commerce adoption in SMEs, offering practical insights and strategic recommendations for leveraging technology to enhance marketing performance and overall business growth.
The link between management accounting information systems and firm competitiveness: The mediating role of innovation capabilities
Authors: Ahmad Ahmad Y. A. Bani , El-Dalahmeh Suleiman Mustafa , Al-Shakri Kadri S. , Alkhawaldeh Bashar Younis , Alsmadi Lama Ahmad
Published: April 2024

This paper aims to examine the strategic role of management accounting information system (MAIS) usage in driving innovation capabilities and firm competitiveness for Jordanian SMEs, besides assessing if innovation capabilities mediate the accounting-competitiveness relationship. Survey data was gathered from over 500 managers of Jordanian SMEs spanning multiple sectors and hypotheses were tested using partial least squares structural equation modelling. Results demonstrate management accounting information system usage has a significant positive direct effect on both innovation capabilities and firm competitiveness. The findings also confirm a positive link between innovation capabilities and SME competitiveness. Most critically, innovation capabilities were found to significantly mediate the relationship between management accounting information system usage and competitiveness. The paper contributes by providing novel empirical evidence on the direct and indirect strategic impacts of management accounting adoption on vital performance outcomes like innovation and competitiveness specifically for the underexplored context of SMEs in developing Arab economies. The firm-level findings encourage Jordanian SME managers and policymakers to prioritize building accounting and innovation capacities in tandem rather than solo to amplify competitiveness and long-run sustainability of this vital economic sector. The cross-sectional survey design limits determining causality. Additionally, subjective biases may arise from single respondents. Generalizability beyond Jordan requires further cultural and economic boundary testing.
Utilizing innovation and collective organizational engagement into SMEs’ sustainable competitive advantage
Authors: Indrawati Ayu Desi , Armanu Armanu , Troena Eka Afnan , Yuniarinto Agung
Published: April 2024

The present study centered on the mediation of innovation and the moderation of collective organizational engagement in affecting human capital (a combination of skill and knowledge) on sustainable competitive advantage and further examined human capital, innovation, and collective organizational engagement impacts on sustainable competitive advantage. Subsequently, this study utilized a quantitative approach, engaging 270 sample frame SME units in Indonesia using a Likert scale questionnaire and examining it using SEM-PLS. The findings demonstrate that human capital positively and significantly impacted innovation and sustainable competitive advantage, indicating that a high level of business skill, business orientation, perception of risk, and know-how management enhances the organization’s innovation capability, creating distinctive, exceptional, and invaluable resources as core competencies of sustainable competitive advantage. This study confirms and advances the RBV theory and previous studies by examining intangible resources' mediating and moderating role, in which innovation contributes to mediating the effect of human capital on sustainable competitive advantage and collective organizational engagement reinforces (moderates) the impact of human capital on establishing sustainable competitive advantage. So, the results of this research illuminate the significance of human capital, innovation, and collective organizational engagement as the organization’s superior resources in manifesting sustainable competitive advantage.
Increasing functional value resonance as addressing the relationship between social presence and brand loyalty for SUV automotive consumers
Authors: Lestari Indawati , Sadalia Isfenti , Rini Endang Sulistya , Sembiring Beby Karina Fawzeea
Published: April 2024

The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of social presence on brand loyalty through functional value resonance in automotive consumers. This is a quantitative research approach. The purpose of the study includes automotive consumers in North Sumatera, Indonesia. The sample selection method is non-probability sampling, which does not ensure that every member of the population is sampled equally. In this study, purposive sampling was used with 205 respondents. Data is analyzed using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach using SmartPLS. The results of this study show that social presence had a positive and significant effect on brand loyalty for SUV automotive consumers in Medan City. Functional value resonance positively and significantly affects brand loyalty for SUV automotive consumers. Brand loyalty is influenced favorably and significantly through functional value resonance in automotive SUV consumers. Increased resonance of functional values can be achieved by companies by giving the impression that causes echoes from users associated with the value of SUV functions, such as improving the quality of reliable engines and creating security features so that they do not compete with competitors.
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF INDUSTRIAL ARCHITECTURE
Authors: MOROZOVA YE.
Published: April 2024

The article is about the environmental approach in industrial design. The technological, technical and architectural environmental protection tools, their development and improvement, opportunities and prospects in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus are investigated.
COMPARISON OF THE RELIABILITY OF CALCULATING THE VOLUMES OF GRAVITATIONAL BODIES BY MEANS OF THE ARCGIS SOFTWARE PACKAGE AND THE SCIPY PYTHON LIBRARY
Authors: DOLHI P. , SHEVELEV I.
Published: April 2024

The article is the study continuation of the assessing of Earth's gravitational field variations (GFV) effect on the results of repeated leveling using modern means of geospatial analysis when observing deformations of natural and engineering objects. The main problems that arise when calculating volumes by means of ArcGIS are reflected. A new method for calculating the corrections for GFV using the python library scipy.spatial is proposed. The inexpediency of performing "enclosure" of Multipatch objects using the Enclose Multipatch tool is proved. The volumes calculated with and without "enclosure" are compared, as well as for "enclosed" objects – volumes calculated with the built-in tools of ArcGIS and using python libraries. The relationship of volume distortion in the calculation by different methods with the concomitant change in the surface area of the object, the number of vertices and the size along the Z axis is established. The comparison of the corrections for the GFV calculated using python libraries with the previously calculated built-in tools of ArcGIS has been performed. Testing of the technique was carried out on real data of cone models of the Great Fractured Tolbachinsky eruption on the Kamchatka Peninsula.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF SURFACE DISINFECTION
IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF OZONE AND SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE
Authors: POSPELOV A. , KOMAROV M. , KOROB N. , KHOTKO A.
Published: April 2024

Disinfection of surfaces for various functional purposes is an important measure for the inactivation of microorganisms and viruses. This procedure is used almost everywhere, from water treatment facilities to medical institutions and public facilities. Among the most common disinfectants recommended by WHO are chlorine-containing substances. However, ozone is known to be a stronger oxidizing agent. This paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of inactivation of yeast-like fungi Candida albicans, as well as gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli. For research, ozone solutions in water with a concentration of 0,5–1,5 mg/l and sodium hypochlorite solutions with an active chlorine concentration of 50–150 mg/l were used. Steel and polymer plates were used as substrates. Comparison of the CT criterion for the ratio of NaClO to aquated ozone at LD50 shows that the smallest difference is about 100 times when Candida albicans is inactivated, and the maximum difference is up to 230 times when Bacillus subtilis is inactivated.
Social Politics Behind the Faces: A Realistic Study of Shashi Tharoor’s The Five Dollar Smile
Authors: Dr. Gaurav Agrawal
Published: April 2024

Although life has always been running around almost in the same way, to see it closely, literature takes the initiative and becomes helpful to interpret it. The stories of modern authors are inclined to unmask the smallness of society through a realistic approach that aims at brevity. This inclination is a result of progressivism in literature and proves itself very useful to society as it raises the finger where it needs to reform. Postmodern authors accept that seeing and hearing are not the work only of eyes and ears, for they are useless without the cooperation of the mind, so they write what they feel, and then they create characters real and near to life. Indian English literature, in this sense, is very prosperous, having a long list of successful realistic authors, and no doubt its highest rank starts with writers like Shashi Tharoor. Tharoor is indeed well known as a novelist and non-fiction writer, but sadly, as a short story writer, he is a victim of critical omission. The present paper is an endeavour to fill this gap.
Itadakimasu, ikigai, and wabi-sabi: Poems and reflections on trust after the U.S. Agroecology Summit 2023
Authors: Murakami Christopher
Published: April 2024

First paragraphs: “How can I trust you?” Agroecology how? A murmuration Itadakimasu The third panel of the U.S. Agroecology Summit 2023 cen­tered scholars, activists and advocates who, from a variety of institutional positions, have built trusting relationships with farmers and social movements. During the Q and A session, I asked the panel how, in that moment, we might be able to continue to build trust to support relationship-building in the movement for agroecology in North America. The panelists deferred to the audi­ence, and Jonny Bearcub Stiffarm, surrounded by several of her Indigenous sisters, questioned, “How can I trust you?” This question reverberates in my memory of this event. Her response ex­plained how there was a key spirituality dimension that was missing from the program and how that served as a barrier to trust. She explained that she offered silent prayer on behalf of all of us in attendance in recognition of the gifts presented to us in meals, but also in hope that we can all receive each other’s ideas with an open heart. Many others in the audience mur­mured about their own silent prayers, simultane­ously acknowledging the poign­ancy in the remark, but also how many others hold this silent or silenced spiritual dimension. After sharing with a new colleague, Antonio Roman-Alcala, that I was half Japanese, we speculated about sharing the con­cept of Itadakimasu with the group. Itadakimasu is a Japanese way to say grace before a meal—a way to give thanks for the food and in acknowledgment of the work of farmers and cooks and all else in the universe that went into preparing a meal. The fol­lowing morning, there was some intentional space opened up for the group to gather outside. There were several songs, stories, and poems that were shared by Debra Echo-Hawk and others. Inspired by this, I jotted down some haikus in my notebook (which I have, of course, now lost), but I hope to share a bit in this reflection about what ongoing trust-building may look like for agroecology on Turtle Island (North America). . . .
Increasing the scope and scale of agroecology in the Northern Great Plains
Authors: Maxwell Bruce , Duff Hannah
Published: April 2024

First paragraph: Large Scale Agroecology Agroecology is a science, practice, and movement that is gaining momentum worldwide. It aims to provide local, stable, and diverse diets through diversified, resilient, and sustainable agricultural practices (Ewert et al. 2023). However, agroecology seeks to address food systems issues by replacing large-scale commodity-based agriculture with something very different. Agroecology is typically discussed within the scope and scale of smallholder farming while failing to address the issues embed­ded in large-scale commodity-based agriculture. While we do not take issue with an ideal system where food is produced on small farms, it does not need to exclude agroecology applied to current scales of agriculture in regions like the Northern Great Plains (NGP), where agriculture consists of spatially extensive crop and livestock farms. NGP farms have internal sustainability problems and harmful social, racial, and environmental externali­ties that can be addressed with agroecological prin­ciples. Despite the problems, the large scale of NGP agriculture is not likely to change much in coming decades, and so there is an imperative to apply agroecological principles at larger scales to address immediate issues. We emphasize that applying agroecological principles to large-scale farming could increase crop and forage diversity, conserve biodiversity, strengthen cross-boundary and multi-objective ecosystem management, address regional food security, and encourage co-innovation with crop and livestock producers in the NGP (Tittonell, 2020). If agroecologists don’t address the immediate issues of NGP such as cli­mate change adaptation and mitigation, livestock-based protein production, unequal access to nutri­tious food, agriautomation, and pandemic food system disruption, then we may only expect indus­trialized agriculture to provide short-sited profit-motivated solutions repeating a pattern of the past. . . .
Quelli che si chiamano bambini (e famiglie) ad alta complessità assistenziale
Authors: Ravaglia Aldo
Published: April 2024

The author recounts the complexity of care and the emotional involvement the case of a child with spastic tetraparesis entailed. Additionally, a Decalogue of behaviour for the care of every child with complex assistance needs is offered to the reader.
Non tutti gli ascessi sono infetti
Authors: Crotti Beatrice , Fuoti Maurizio , Dotta Laura , Girelli Maria Federica , Meini Antonella , Badolato Raffaele
Published: April 2024

The authors describe the case of a 12-year-old Egyptian girl with a painful, aseptic swelling on the upper right eyelid associated with diarrhoea eventually diagnosed as IBD linked sterile abscess syndrome.