bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of the period of sowing and fertilization on morphological characteristics and seed yield of garden poppy (Papaver somniferum L.)
Authors: OGRAJŠEK Simon , KOCJAN AČKO Darja , KASTELEC Damijana
Published: April 2016

Garden poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) is a traditional crop that had already been cultivated in Slovenia in the past for the production of seed and oil. During its re-introduction in present time, numerous agro-technical dilemmas have been raised for the processes from sowing to harvesting and have to be studied in our present growing conditions. On the fields of the Ograjšek farm in Cerklje ob Krki two field experiments in complete randomized design had been sown in 2013 and 2014 to establish the influence of the sowing date and fertilization on morphological properties and crop yield of garden poppy seed of the Austrian variety 'Zeno 2002'. Results have shown that the average yield of seed in both trials (1643 kg/ha) is more than one time higher than the average crop yield recorded globally (700 kg/ha), proving how suitable growing conditions in the area of eastern Dolenjska are for the cultivation of poppy. Analysis of crop yield per plot showed there is no statistically significant interaction between the considered factors. The yield of poppy seed in the spring sowing term was 1742±77 kg/ha and in the autumn sowing was 1545±122 kg/ha. The difference is not statistically significant (p = 0.1845). Recorded yield per plant was higher for the autumn term but that was not transferred to the total crop yield due to poor overwintering and consequentially lower plant density at the time of harvest. Both sowing dates have confirmed that exposure to light and duration of growing period had an important impact on plants height – average height of plants sown in autumn was 139±1 cm, which is more than 60 cm higher than the average height of the plants sown in spring (p = 0.0000). A strong statistical dependence of the yield of seed per capsule on diameter of the capsule was proved (p = 0.0000). It can be concluded that when the capsule diameter increases by 10 mm, the seed yield increases for 2.1 g to 2.3 g with 95 % confidence. Dependence of the average seed yield on the number of lateral shoots per plant also proved to be statistically significant (p = 0.0000). Linear model was used for the comparison of the four lines showed that the lines representing poppy sown in autumn and spring are statistically different for the control and for the ENTEC; the slope was higher for the poppy sown in autumn. These trials have given the first practical advice for production of garden poppy in Slovenia and should be continued for further useful results.
Clifford’s Theorem for graphs
Authors: Coppens Marc
Published: April 2016

Let Γ be a metric graph of genus g and let r be an integer with 2 ≤ r ≤ g − 2 such that Γ has a linear system

g

2
r

r

$g_{2r}^r$

. Then Γ has a linear system

g

2

1

$g_{2}^1$

. For algebraic curves this is part of Clifford’s well-known Theorem.
A holographic method for optimisation of laser-based production processes
Authors: Pangovski Krste , Sparkes Martin , O’Neill William
Published: April 2016

A digital holographic system is used to image the plume dynamics of a train of picosecond laser pulses interacting with titanium, aluminium, copper and brass. The recorded process dynamics are used to propose two optimisation strategies: first, by observing the time at which the plume fully dissipates and, second, through calculation of the minimum beam displacement required to maximise energy delivery to the sample by avoiding the plume. The proposed approach could further be applied in real industrial process design, allowing laser users to formulate a processing strategy based on process dynamics rather than lengthy post-process evaluation of a sample.
An analogue to the Duistermaat–Kolk–Varadarajan estimate for the spherical functions associated with the root systems of type A
Authors: Sawyer Patrice
Published: April 2016

In this paper, we consider the generalized spherical functions
Social Mechanisms of Corruption: Analytical Sociology and Its Applicability to Corruption Research
Authors: Graeff Peter
Published: April 2016

By applying a bribery model, this paper will deal with those constellations of conditions and activities by actors that are capable of explaining corrupt behavior in economic and sociological theory. Some of these explanations reveal the properties of ‘social mechanisms’ in the sense of analytical sociology (AS). Both disciplines suggest and test the mechanisms of corruption. By taking into consideration the link between monitoring and the frequency of corruption, for example, this paper shows that the proposed way of explaining corrupt behavior using AS offers the opportunity to test counteracting mechanisms. A monitoring mechanism which refers to deterrence may lead to less corruption but may also strengthen an already existing bond of trust between corruption partners. Thus, the trust mechanism may counteract the impact of deterrence and pave the way for new corrupt activities.
Neighbourhood Effects: Lost in Transition?
Authors: Friedrichs Jürgen
Published: April 2016

The study of neighbourhood effects has become a major domain in urban research since the publication of Wilson’s book The Truly Disadvantaged in 1987. It is estimated that more than 1,800 articles have been published (van Ham et al. 2012). One of the problems well-known from multilevel analysis is that of specifying the context effects linking levels, e.g., conditions on the aggregate level to outcomes at the next lower level, individuals in most cases. Two problems seem insufficiently solved. First., many different context effects have been suggested, such as contagion, role models or discrimination: but it is questionable whether they are all relevant. Second, how exactly can the transition from the macro (e.g., neighbourhood) to the micro (e.g., individual) level be specified? The article addresses both problems by examining the assumptions underlying the effects. Differentiating between causes and outcomes, the diversity of effects is reduced to five types of effects. Mechanisms are defined as specifications of context effects, and for each type a mechanism is specified and the causes are related to the outcomes. Drawing on the results of the analyses, a detailed set of suggestions for future studies of neighbourhood effects that really capture the mechanisms is presented.
Social Mechanisms in Norm-relevant Situations: Explanations for Theft by Finding in High-cost, and Low-cost Situation
Authors: Eifier Stefanie
Published: April 2016

At the centre of this study is the theoretical and empirical analysis of action-formation mechanisms in norm-relevant, situations. Basically two mechanisms are employed, namely action according to a) moral principles and b) the principle of deterrence. Conflicting assumptions concerning the way these mechanisms work are deduced from two theoretical perspectives, the high-cost/low-cost. hypothesis and Situational Action Theory (SAT). While the high-cost/low-cost. hypothesis leads to the assumption that, criminal action is explained by the principle of deterrence in high-cost, situations and, in low-cost, situations, by moral principles, it. follows from SAT that., in high-cost, situations, the principle of deterrence has an effect, only on those persons with weak moral principles, and influences of moral principles are expected in low-cost, situations. Empirical analysis of these hypotheses is conducted with the help of data that, have been collected as part, of a mail survey (n=2383) of a disproportionately layered random sample of residents of an East. German city. Data analyses are carried out. in order to estimate the influences of the theoretically specified predictors simultaneously for high-cost, and low-cost, situations with multiple group comparisons. The study’s results partially support, both theoretical perspectives. They are finally discussed with respect, to theoretical and methodological aspects.
A Methodological Outlook on Causal Identification and Empirical Methods for the Analysis of Social Mechanism
Authors: Becker Dominik
Published: April 2016

The debate on empirical tests of social mechanisms suffers from a fragmented view on the relative benefit of the empirical method a researcher considers to be superior, compared to the flaws of all other methods. In this outlook. I argue that disciplinary barriers might be surmounted by a common methodological perspective on the analysis of social mechanisms. First, experimental, quantitative, qualitative, and simulation methods (agent-based modeling) are all required, but also capable to deal with the issue of causal identification, respectively. Second, having established causal identification (among which I subsume strategies to deal with causal heterogeneity). each method disposes of genuine techniques to deal with the most crucial property of mechanism-based explanations: input-mechanism-output (IMO) relations.
Nonlinear laser scanning microscopy of oral multispecies-biofilms: fixative induced fluorescence as a fast and economical in vitro screening method
Authors: Andric Nadine , Ehmke Tobias , Stumpp Nico S. , Ripken Tammo , Heisterkamp Alexander , Stiesch Meike
Published: April 2016

In this letter we report a fast and easy method which could be used for initial screening of multispecies-biofilm development on putative new dental implant materials. Most staining methods require numerous washing steps that can result in detachment of loosely bound biofilms and therefore falsify the results. Thus, we used glutaraldehyde fixation, which induces autofluorescence through bacterial membrane protein cross-linking and concurrently stabilizes the biofilm structure. We analyzed the biofilms with nonlinear laser scanning microscopy and were able to (I) evaluate the multispecies-biofilm growth and (II) distinguish between bacterial species based on different two-photon autofluorescence intensities.
The role of the solvent in PMMA gel polymer electrolytes
Authors: Vondrák J. , Musil M. , Sedlaříková M. , Kořínek R. , Bartušek K. , Fedorková A.
Published: April 2016

Ionic mobility and solvent vapor pressure were studied on gels containing sodium perchlorate, polymethylmethacrylate and sulfolane as a solvent. The excess of solvent increases markedly the mobility of ions and is indicated by solvent evaporation at elevated temperature. The solvent is bonded similarly as in the liquid solution of sodium salt. The heat of solvent evaporation from gels is near to that of pure solvents.
Inheritance of Anthocyanin Coloration Trait in Pericarp of Sunflower Seeds
Authors: Poliakova N.A. , Vedmedeva E.V.
Published: April 2016

Article describes inheritance of pigmentation traits in seed pericarp of cultivated sunflower. Study took into account presence of anthocyanins in seed pericarp as well as throughout the plant. Segregation was analyzed based on anthocyanin coloration in pericarp and hypodermis seed coloration. Nature of inheritance was determined for anthocyanin synthesis in hypodermis as well as gene control for yellow shade coloration in white hypodermis. Two nonallelic genes with complementary type of interaction were confirmed for formation of anthocyanins in achene. Yellow shade of white hypodermis was confirmed to be inherited monogenically dominant in relation to white hypodermis. It was established that presence of anthocyanin pigmentation can mask main hypodermis pigmentation.
Experimental Study on Atomizing and Reaction Performance of Pressure Swirl Nozzles in Ethoxylation Reactor
Authors: Shi Zhongjing , Wang Xuesheng , Chen Qinzhu , Xiong Yuanyuan , Chen Shuo , Meng Xiangyu
Published: April 2016

Spray Tower Loop Reactors is one of the most advanced ethoxylation reactors in the world. The special pressure swirl nozzles are the core component and important for production efficiency and product quality. A test rig was established, which was divided into four parts: spray system, laser measurement system, photographic system and flux distribution test system. An experimental study on the atomizing performances was conducted, including discharge coefficient, spray cone angle, spray flux distribution, Sauter mean droplets size and droplets size distribution. According to the measurement data, the correlation of volume flow rate, discharge coefficient, spray cone angle and Sauter mean droplets size versus pressure drop were respectively gained. The spray flow distributions of all measured nozzles are classified as a unimodal、bimodal and trimodal distribution due to the different structure. And the experimental Probability Density Function (PDF) of the droplets size was gained by a split-type spray laser droplets size analyzer and compared with five empirical distributions. The log-hyperbolic distribution has a most agreement with the measured PDF. At same time, reaction performance of the special nozzles was measured in the industrial STLR ethoxylation reactor. It is indicated that Sauter mean diameter determines the number of EO and the width of droplets size distribution determines the width of the molecular weight distributions. The present paper exhibits the measurement way and outcomes of spray characteristics of the nozzles in ethoxylation reaction and it is instructive for the optimization design of SPLT ethoxylation reaction.
Biflavonoid fraction from Garcinia kola seed ameliorates hormonal imbalance and testicular oxidative damage by anti-tuberculosis drugs in Wistar rats
Authors: Kehinde Aderemi , Adefisan Adedoyin , Adebayo Olayinka , Adaramoye Oluwatosin
Published: April 2016

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health problem. The effects of anti-TB drugs on male reproductive system have not been properly evaluated. We investigated the effects of anti-TB drugs on testicular antioxidant indices, sperm characteristics and hormonal levels in rats, and the protective role of kolaviron (KV), a biflavonoid from Garcinia kola seed.

Methods: Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were assigned into four groups and orally treated with corn oil (control), anti-TB drugs [4-Tabs=isoniazid (5 mg/kg), rifampicin (10 mg/kg), pyrazinamide (15 mg/kg) and ethambutol (15 mg/kg) in combination], anti-TB drugs +KV and KV alone (200 mg/kg). Anti-TB drugs and KV were given three times per week for 8 weeks. In vitro, reducing power, inhibition of lipid peroxidation (LPO), diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical scavenging effects of KV were examined.

Results: KV at 10, 20, 50 and 100 μg/mL showed strong reducing potential and effectively scavenged DPPH and OH radicals in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, KV significantly inhibited LPO in rats’ liver homogenate. In vivo, administration of 4-Tabs caused a significant (p<0.05) decrease in body weight gain and weight of testis of rats. Body weight gain and weight of testis decreased by 45% and 36%, respectively, in the 4-Tabs-treated rats. Also, 4-Tabs increased testicular lipid peroxidation by 82%, with a concomitant decrease in antioxidant indices. Testicular reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase decreased by 2.2-, 1.9- and 1.6-folds, respectively. Likewise, 4-Tabs markedly decreased sperm count, motility, luteinizing hormone and testosterone. Co-administration of KV with 4-Tabs normalized body weight, enhanced antioxidant system and improved sperm characteristics.

Conclusions: Kolaviron protects male reproductive system from oxidative damage by anti-tuberculosis drugs via the antioxidative mechanism.
One more health benefit of blood donation: reduces acute-phase reactants, oxidants and increases antioxidant capacity
Authors: Yunce Muharrem , Erdamar Husamettin , Bayram Nezihe Asli , Gok Sumeyye
Published: April 2016

Background:

One of the most important problems in finding blood donors is the inadequacy of volunteer number. To overcome this problem, one of the solutions we suggest is innovating new health benefits of blood donation. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of blood donation on oxidative status markers and acute-phase reactants.

Methods:

A total of 96 healthy volunteers were recruited into the study. Blood samples were withdrawn 5 min before and 24 h after the blood donation. Serum nitric oxide, malondialdehyde levels, and activity of superoxide dismutase and myeloperoxidase were measured spectrophotometrically. Serum levels of high-sensitive C-reactive protein and pentraxin-3 as acute-phase reactants were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.

Results:

We found statistically significant lower pentraxin-3 and high-sensitive C-reactive protein levels and higher superoxide dismutase activity and nitric oxide level 24 h after blood donation in serum of blood donor when compared with before blood donation.

Conclusions:

These findings suggest that blood donation affected oxidative status and acute-phase reactants in donors. Blood donation removes oxidants and decreases oxidative stress by elevating antioxidant enzyme such as superoxide dismutase. This is one more health benefit or reason why we should donate blood. Further large-scale studies should evaluate this mechanism and compare the same effect of wet cupping therapy.
Memetic Algorithm with Constrained Local Search for Large-Scale Global Optimization
Authors: Mehta Shikha
Published: April 2016

Nature-inspired algorithms are seen as potential tools to solve large-scale global optimization problems. Memetic algorithms (MAs) are nature-inspired techniques based on evolutionary computation. MAs are considered as modified genetic algorithms integrated with a local search mechanism. Conventional MAs perform well for small dimensions; however, their performance starts declining with the increase in dimensions. It is popularly known as the “curse of dimensionality” problem. In order to solve this problem, MA with constrained local search (MACLS) is proposed for single-objective optimization problems. MACLS restricts the local search to be performed after every generation. Controlled local search enhances the optimization capability of the MA. MACLS has been evaluated with respect to GS-MPSO (the latest modification of MA) and MLCC, EPUS-PSO, JDEdynNP-F, MTS, DewSAcc, DMS-PSO, LSEDA-gl, UEP, ALPSEA, classical DE (differential evolution), and real-coded CHC algorithms that participated in the Congress on Evolutionary Computation 2008 competition. The results establish that MACLS significantly outperforms these algorithms in attaining global optima for unimodal and multimodal single-objective optimization problems for small as well as large dimensions.
Shear horizontal surface acoustic waves in a magneto-electro-elastic system
Authors: Eskandari Shahin , Shodja Hossein M.
Published: April 2016

Propagation of shear horizontal surface acoustic waves (SHSAWs) within a functionally graded magneto-electro-elastic (FGMEE) half-space was previously presented (Shodja HM, Eskandari S, Eskandari M. J. Eng. Math. 2015, 1–18) In contrast, the current paper considers propagation of SHSAWs in a medium consisting of an FGMEE layer perfectly bonded to a homogeneous MEE substrate. When the FGMEE layer is described by some special inhomogeneity functions – all the MEE properties have the same variation in depth which may or may not be identical to that of the density – we obtain the exact closed-form solution for the MEE fields. Additionally, certain special inhomogeneity functions with monotonically decreasing bulk shear wave velocity in depth are considered, and the associated boundary value problem is solved using power series solution. This problem in the limit as the layer thickness goes to infinity collapses to an FGMEE half-space with decreasing bulk shear wave velocity in depth. It is shown that in such a medium SHSAW does not propagate. Using power series solution we can afford to consider some FGMEE layers of practical importance, where the composition of the MEE obeys a prescribed volume fraction variation. The dispersive behavior of SHSAWs in the presence of such layers is also examined.
The use of nanoindentation for determining internal lengths and the constitutive response of monument materials: models and experiments
Authors: Konstantinidis Avraam A. , Frantziskonis George , Askes Harm , Aifantis Elias C.
Published: April 2016

An alternative interpretation of nanoindentation experimental data and the associated phenomenon of indentation size effect (ISE) is proposed on the basis of a simple gradient elasticity equation, used to account for the development of elastic gradients generated by the geometry characterizing the indenter-specimen system. An application is considered for marble, i.e. a construction/restoration material.
Gradient plasticity used for modeling extrinsic and intrinsic size effects in the torsion of Au microwires
Authors: Wei Xiaokun , Konstantinidis Avraam , Qi Chengzhi , Aifantis Elias
Published: April 2016

The gradient plasticity theory proposed by Aifantis and coworkers has been successfully used to model size effect phenomena at the microscale and nanoscale, by introducing into the formulation an internal length scale associated with the phenomenological coefficients of the gradient plasticity model. In this paper, Aifantis’ gradient plasticity theory is applied to model the sample size-dependent torsion of thin wires, with a strain-dependent internal length scale as well as grain size dependence based on the Hall-Petch relationship. This study reveals that internal length scale is related with sample size and grain size, with such a connection determined by the ductility of the material.
Elasto-plastic analysis and finite element simulation of thick-walled functionally graded cylinder subjected to combined pressure and thermal loading
Authors: Alikarami Shahryar , Parvizi Ali
Published: April 2016

An exact analytical elasto-plastic solution for thick-walled cylinder made of functionally graded materials (FGMs) subjected to combined pressure and thermal loading is presented in this paper. It is assumed that the cylinder is bonded at both ends, the material is radially graded and complies with the elastic perfectly plastic behavior. The relations in determining the plastic zone radius as well as the radial, circumferential, longitudinal and effective stresses in both elastic and plastic zones are obtained for any combined loading condition. Moreover, using ABAQUS/Explicit software, the functionally graded (FG) cylinder is simulated in every respect. Comparison of the present theoretical results with those from a finite element simulation illustrates the accuracy of the present analysis.
Facilitating learning of spirituality in midwifery
Authors: Hall Jenny
Published: April 2016

Though there has been considerable discussion in the literature around spirituality at the end of life there remains little relating to childbirth. In addition facilitation of learning around the subject is limited. The aim of this article is to raise awareness of these issues and promote future discussion and research.
Dem Kind einen Platz in der Welt geben
Authors: Rost Katharina
Published: April 2016

Dieser Artikel beschäftigt sich mit Frauen, die in der Schwangerschaft die pränatale Diagnose „Nichtlebensfähigkeit des Kindes“ erhalten haben und die Schwangerschaft fortgesetzt haben. Er nimmt den Zeitraum des Todes und des Abschieds vom Kind nach einer solchen Schwangerschaft in den Blick und liefert wertvolle Hinweise, wie Frauen das erwartete aber befürchtete Sterben des Kindes vorbereiten und was ihnen beim Abschied wichtig ist.
Unconstitutional Criminalization
Authors: Bendor Ariel L. , Dancig-Rosenberg Hadar
Published: April 2016

May criminalization constitute a violation of a constitutional right? This question has rarely been discussed directly in the legal literature. This Article offers a novel and fully developed normative framework for courts to review the constitutionality of substantive criminal law. It suggests a distinction between extra- and intra-constitutional approaches, offers a critique of existing approaches, and proposes a new intra-constitutional approach to the distinction between criminal offenses that may constitute an infringement upon constitutional rights and those that do not. The Article suggests that a constitutional right against criminalization may apply (and only apply) to activities that have substantive positive social value and do not impose any substantive social harm. The Article recommends some criteria for applying this framework.
Vorstellung eines adäquaten Verfahrens zur Ermittlung und Verrechnung der Kosten des Liquiditätspuffers bei Kreditinstituten
Authors: Rutsch Jan Christian , Schöning Stephan
Published: April 2016

Als Reaktion auf die gestiegenen Risiken haben deutsche Banken ihre Liquiditätsreserven seit der Finanzkrise deutlich ausgeweitet, wobei Kassenbestände und Guthaben bei Zentralnotenbanken insbesondere wegen ihrer uneingeschränkten Verfügbarkeit bevorzugte Formen darstellen. Die mit dem Vorhalten von liquiden Mitteln verbundenen Kosten sind aus betriebswirtschaftlichen und bankaufsichtlichen Gründen − bei großen Instituten sogar verpflichtend − mithilfe von Transferpreisen intern verursachungsgerecht zu verrechnen. Da bislang vorgestellte Ansätze gravierende Schwächen aufweisen, wird im vorliegenden Beitrag mit den Cost of Liquidity Buffers (CLB) ein Verfahren entwickelt, um die bankindividuellen Kosten des Liquiditätspuffers zu bestimmen und im Rahmen der Banksteuerung zu berücksichtigen.
Privatrechtliche Konsequenzen unerlaubter Investmentgeschäfte
Authors: Eckhold Thomas
Published: April 2016

Das KAGB stellt die Erbringung des Investmentgeschäfts unter den Vorbehalt der Erlaubnis oder Registrierung durch die Aufsicht. Der Missachtung dieses Vorbehalts begegnet das KAGB mit aufsichts- und strafrechtlichen Mitteln. Die privatrechtlichen Konsequenzen werden vom KAGB nicht ausdrücklich adressiert. Der Aufarbeitung der sich aus dem Aufsichtsrecht für unerlaubtes Investmentgeschäft ergebenden privatrechtlichen Wirkungen dient die nachstehende Untersuchung.
Valorization of vinasse as binder modifier in asphalt mixtures
Authors: MARTINEZ-ECHEVARRIA ROMERO MARIA JOSE , García-Travé Gema , Rubio-Gámez Mª Carmen , Moreno-Navarro Fernando , Pérez-Mira Domingo
Published: April 2016

The reutilization of waste generated by industrial processes has become a majorenvironmental objective in scientific and technical research. In the construction sector, there is a broad range of techniques for the exploitation of different types of waste, which can then be used as a replacement for raw materials. This paper presents the results of a study of vinasse, a by-product of biomass ethanol, andanalyzes its viability as a bitumen modifier in asphalt mixes. For this purpose, four AC-16S asphalt mixes were evaluated for moisture sensitivity, plastic deformation, stiffness, and fatigue. The mix formulas were the following: (Mix 1) 50/70 bitumen; (Mix 2) 50/70 bitumen modified with 10% vinasse; (Mix 3) rubber bitumen; (Mix 4) rubber bitumen modified with 10% vinasse. The results of this study showed that bitumen modified with vinasse improved the mechanical performance of the AC-16S mix and also contributed to the valorization of vinasse waste.
Synthesis of ternary geopolymers based on metakaolin, boiler slag and rice husk ash
Authors: Villaquirán Caicedo Mónica Alejandra , Mejía de Gutiérrez Ruby
Published: April 2016

Ternary mixtures of geopolymers obtained from the alkaline activation of metakaolin (MK), boiler slag (BS), and rice husk ash (RHA) using a solution of potassium hydroxide were mechanically, thermally, and microstructurally characterized. The geopolymer properties and final microstructures indicate that the addition of BS, despite containing large amounts of unburned material (16.36%), allows for greater densification and greater homogeneity of the geopolymeric gel, which results in greater stability in strength at long curing ages. Substitution of 30% of MK by BS results in an increase in compressive strength of up to 21% and 122% after 28 and 180 days of curing, respectively. These results demonstrate the possibility of the construction sector using geopolymers based on MK and adding BS and RHA to obtain cementitious materials with a lower environmental impact.
Detection and localization of potholes in roadways using smartphones
Authors: Casas Avellaneda Diego Andres , López-Parra Javier Francisco
Published: April 2016

A system for the detection and localization of roadway potholes is proposed and is aimed at collecting data on the roadway potholes using the accelerometer, GPS and compass that are embedded into smartphones using the Android operating system. This system has a scalable mobile architecture that contributes to capturing environment information using multiple devices with a large geographic coverage.
A multiobjective approach for non-discretionary variables in data envelopment analysis
Authors: Angulo Meza Lidia , Soares de Mello João Carlos , Gomes Junior Silvio
Published: April 2016

Data Envelopment Analysis is a non-parametrical approach for efficiency evaluation of so-called DMUs (Decision Making Units) and takes into account multiple inputs and outputs. For each inefficient DMU, a target is provided which is constituted by the inputs or outputs levels that are to be attained for the inefficient DMU to become efficient. However, multiobjective models, known as MORO (Multiobjective Model for Ratio Optimization) provide a set of targets for inefficient DMU, which provides alternatives among which the decision-maker can choose. In this paper, we proposed an extension of the MORO models to take into account non-discretionary variables, i.e., variables that cannot be controlled. We present a numerical example to illustrate the proposed multiobjective model. We also discuss the characteristics of this model, as well as the advantages of offering a set of targets for the inefficient DMUs when there are non-discretionary variables in the data set.
Kinetic aspects of a dried thin layer carrot in a heat pump dryer
Authors: Gómez-Daza Juan Carlos , Ochoa-Martínez Claudia Isabel
Published: April 2016

This article presents a mathematical model for drying thin layer carrot slices (Daucus carota) using a heat pump dryer (HPD). To select the equation that best describes the drying curve, 10 semi-theoretical and/or empirical models were evaluated. The parameters were determined using the Sigma-Plot® program, and their goodness of fit was compared using the correlation coefficient, R2; Chi-squared, C2; standard error of the estimate (SEE) and root mean square error (RMSE). Additionally, the effect of the relative moisture, sample thickness and air velocity on the effective diffusivity of the process was evaluated using a response surface tool. Although all the models correctly fit the experimental data, based on the statistical tests, the Wang-Singh model was selected as the best.
Influence of demand, control and social support on job stress. Analysis by employment status from the V European working conditions survey
Authors: García-Herrero Susana , Mariscal-Saldaña Miguel Ángel , López-Perea Eva María , Quiroz-Flores Martha Felicitas
Published: April 2016

Work stress increasingly affects many workers from different countries. Conditions such as high demand, low social support and low job control are considered predictors of increased stress. With data obtained from the V European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) a Bayesian network model was made. It provides information on the levels of stress in relation to model demand-control-social support (DCS), differentiating into work situations as they are, self-employed, private and public. To deepen understanding of the interrelationships between these variables sensitivity analysis of individual and overall were performed to check the DCS model assumptions. This model applied in the V EWCS identified the variations and similarities between different work situations, proving that having low levels of demand, together with control and high social support, the likelihood of stress decreases.
Voltage sag assessment using an extended fault positions method and Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Sagre Jorge Washington , Candelo John Edwin , Montaña Chaparro Johny Hernán
Published: April 2016

In this article, we propose an extended fault positions method combined with the Monte Carlo method to evaluate voltage sags. The distribution function SARFI is obtained by taking into account the randomness of (i) location of faults in lines, (ii) generation dispatch, and (iii) the prefault voltage. Voltage magnitudes are calculated with power flow, while noting changes in the generation dispatch, the load, and the topology of the area of vulnerability (AOV). The method is tested in the Atlantic coast area of the National Interconnected Power System of Colombia. The distribution of the number of voltage sags per year with the magnitude in bus bars and the impact of generation on the voltage sags are determined. With a higher number of plants dispatched, voltage sags caused by faults are less severe due to the robustness of the power system and the voltage support. Operation with coupled bars had a greater impact on voltage sags compared to uncoupled bars.
Apoyo social y familiar del adulto mayor del área urbana. Angelópolis, Antioquia 2011
Authors: Zapata Lopez Bertha Ines , Delgado Villamizar Norma Liseth , Cardona Arango Doris
Published: April 2016

Describir las redes de apoyo social y familiar con que cuenta el adulto mayor del área urbana del Municipio de Angelopolis, Antioquia durante el año 2011.

Materiales Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, que determinó a través de la experiencia de la población, el apoyo social recibido por los 239 adultos mayores del área urbana del Municipio de Angelopolis, Antioquia. Los datos se obtuvieron por medio de fuentes primarias y se realizó análisis univariado y bivariado de la información.

Resultados Los adultos encuestados fueron en su mayoría mujeres (59,8 %), con edad entre 60-74 años (66,9 %). El estado civil con mayor porcentaje fue casado (47,3 %) aunque en las mujeres el estado civil viuda tuvo mayor proporción (40,6 %). El 69,5 % tenían nivel de educación primaria y un 16,7 % sin ningún nivel educativo; El 60,3 % estaban afiliados al régimen subsidiado. El apoyo recibido por la familia y los amigos fue valorado como satisfactorio, se encontró una relación estadísticamente significativa entre el sexo y la no realización de actividades diferentes a las cotidianas (valor de p=0,004).

Conclusiones El estudio mostró que la soledad es un aspecto que lleva a los adultos mayores a sentirse desamparados y vulnerables. A pesar de encontrarse satisfechos por el apoyo de la familia, algunos manifiestan, en especial las mujeres, sentirse maltratados. Los anteriores aspectos junto con la falta de actividad que les ocupe el tiempo deben ser tenidos en cuenta para plantear estrategias de intervención efectiva en redes de apoyo, ante la situación de esta población vulnerable del municipio.
Apoio social à mulher em situação de violência conjugal
Authors: Gomes Nadirlene Pereira , Lorenzini Erdmann Alacoque , Rebouças Gomes Nadjane , Da Silva Monteiro Deise , Moreira dos Santos Raiane , Menezes Couto Telmara
Published: April 2016

Compreender os significados atribuídos pelos profissionais de saúde, acerca do apoio social à mulher em situação de violência conjugal.

Métodos Foram entrevistados 52 profissionais de cinco unidades locais de saúde de um município de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Os dados foram processados com base na Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados.

Resultados Revela-se que as demandas se encontram relacionadas às ameaças dos companheiros e à dependência econômica, o que justifica os encaminhamentos intersetoriais e a inserção da mulher em programa de geração de renda e emprego.

Discussão Diante a grande demanda e a prerrogativa de promoção à saúde defendida pela Atenção Primária à Saúde, urge a maior disponibilidade de assistente social no âmbito da Estratégia Saúde da Família. O apoio social às mulheres requer interesse político, no sentido de valorização da articulação do setor saúde com demais recursos disponibilizados para o enfrentamento da violência.
Az energiamentes édesítőszerek alkalmazásának hatása klinikai vizsgálatok, in vitro és állatkísérletek eredményei alapján
Authors: Szűcs Zsuzsanna , Ábel Tatjána , Lengyel Gabriella
Published: April 2016

Low calorie sweeteners are used by many consumers as they can provide the sweet taste without calories and, therefore, they may have a beneficial effect on weight management. These positive outcomes are often questioned and accused of keeping up or increasing a liking for sweetness and leading to overconsumption of sugar containing food and beverages. The most recent studies failed to find any positive correlation between usage of low calorie sweeteners and craving for sweet taste. In randomized controlled trials consumption of low calorie sweeteners have accompanied with lower intake of sugar containing food, higher healthy eating index and better weight management. Several laboratory trials on cell cultures and animal studies found a link between the usage of low calorie sweeteners and positive metabolic effects, e.g. smaller ectopic fat deposits in the fat and liver tissue versus controll group. In addition, increased adipogenesis and reduction of lipolysis were also observed. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(Suppl. 1), 3–7.
Az energiamentes édesítőszerek hatása az egyes anyagcsere-paraméterekre
Authors: Hidvégi Tibor
Published: April 2016

Nonnutritive sweeteners can be found in many other foods apart from soft drinks. Producers of foodstuffs often use a combination of several sweeteners or sweetener and sugar mixes in a single product mainly to achieve a sweeter taste with a lower calorie count. According to the 2012 Scientific Statement of the American Heart and Diabetes Association, reduction of sugar intake plays an important role in establishing an optimal diet and the maintenance of an appropriate body weight. Controlled intervention studies show that during use of calorie-free sweeteners body weight did not change, moreover, in some cases weight even fell. This was also demonstrated in a recently published summary study of randomized controlled studies, according to which calorie-free sweeteners contributed to both loss and maintenance of body weight. According to the summary of the American Dietetic Association, the use of calorie-free sweeteners does not influence the glycemic response and does not increase postprandial blood glucose levels in diabetics. The results thus far, then, show that the use of nonnutritive sweeteners can reduce the consumption of carbohydrates, by which total calorie intake can also be lowered. Their use can promote weight loss and maintenance as well as can help to improve the values of other metabolic parameters (eg. blood sugar, triglycerides). In addition to this, it is important to note that these benefits will not fully materialize if consumption of nonnutritive sweeteners is accompanied by an increase in compensatory caloric intake. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(Suppl. 1), 8–13.
Az intenzív édesítőszerek biztonságossága
Authors: Lugasi Andrea
Published: April 2016

Nowadays low calorie or intesive sweeteners are getting more and more popular. These sweeteners can be placed to the market and used as food additives according to the recent EU legislation. In the meantime news are coming out one after the other stating that many of these artificial intensive sweeteners can cause cancer – the highest risk has been attributed to aspartam. Low calorie sweeteners, just like all the other additives can be authorized after strickt risk assessment procedure according to the recent food law. Only after the additive has gone through these procedure can be placed to the list of food additives, which contains not only the range of food these additives can be used, but also the recommended highest amount of daily consumption. European Food Safety Authority considering the latest scientific examination results, evaluates regularly the safety of sweeteners authorized earlier. Until now there is no evidence found to question the safety of the authorized intensive sweeteners. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(Suppl. 1), 14–28.
Structural Relationships among Hotel Frontline Employees’ Job Crafting, Job Burnout and Job Engagement: Focused on the Mediating Effect of Job Burnout
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Kang Jaewan , Lee Hyung-ryong
Published: April 2016

This case study analyzed hotel frontline employees’ job crafting and job engagement. It particularly tested the mediating effects of job burnout on the relationships between job crafting and job engagement. By doing so, this study provides implications for more effective business performance and human resource management in the hotel business. The results can be summarized as follows: There were three effects resulting from a hotel frontline employees’ job crafting which are: negative effects on job burnout, positive effects on job engagement and negative effects on job engagement. Furthermore, hotel frontline employees’ job burnout played a mediating role in the relationship between job crafting and job engagement. This study presents theoretical and practical implications to improve organizational effectiveness and enhance management performance in a hotel environment where human resource management is important.
A Study of Regulations and Rules on Casino Junket Promoters
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Seo Won-Seok , Lee Min-Jae , Bong Mi Hee
Published: April 2016

As the development of integrated casino resorts became visible, the discussion on policies for the Casino Control Act and the casino regulatory authority are under way. An important part of such discussion are the control guidelines for junket promoters. This study provides understanding of the basic terminology and the current situation of the casino junket system in Korea. Furthermore, the study analyzes multiple cases in Singapore, Macau and Nevada, and suggests the necessary measures to control and supervise the junket systems in Korea. The establishment of an authority for supervision and the obligatory reporting of junket operation, a policy on junket commission, an amendment of tax-related regulations on junket promoters, and a joint liability system for casino operators and junket promoters are proposed as a short-term plan. For the long-term, the establishment of a casino control board and rules for junket operations and the introduction of a junket promoter registration system are suggested. We conclude by offering additional considerations for the pre-implementation stage.
Following the template: transfer of modeling skills to new problems
Authors: Tyumeneva Y.A. , Goncharova M.V.
Published: April 2016

The importance of the ability of mathematical modeling as a method of application of mathematics in different contexts is emphasized in numerous studies. It is unknown, however, what happens to the skill of modeling formed on typical tasks in solving problems with atypical context. In the sample 106 first-year students, we experimentally verified how transfer occurs of modeling stages from a typical problem on an atypical, but structurally similar one. The results of the study of modeling skills transfer show that with close and distant transfer the success of different stages of modeling is different. With the close transfer, the formal template reproduction takes place, without the alignment with the text of a new problem, which hinders further interpretation. With the distant transfer, modeling skills are replaced with an ordinary way of addressing problems, a simple selection. Thus, modeling skills as a multi-stage process transforms differently in close and distant transfer.
Body scheme in rats Rattus norvegicus
Authors: Khvatov I.A. , Sokolov A.Y. , Kharitonov A.N. , Kulichenkova K.N.
Published: April 2016

Body schemata of rats Rattus norvegicus were studied using a procedure according to which the animals had to take into account the enlarged boundaries of their bodies. Rats of experimental and control groups were trained to get the bait putting the head through the hole of a certain size. Then the boundary of the body of rats of the experimental group was increased using a small cylindrical object mounted on the crown of their heads to prevent putting through the hole. For the control group rats, the size of the hole through which the animals have been trained to take the bait was reduced to prevent the penetration of the rat’s head. In the subsequent experimental series, the arrangement of the holes was varied. It is shown that, with the increased boundaries of the body, the rats are capable of forming a new learning adequate to situation change, which was reflected in the reliable reduction of the time for solving the problem by the end of each series and the reduced number of unsuccessful attempts. Rats of the experimental group also showed the ability to transfer previously gained experience to the new situation, when the location of the holes in the box was changed. The data suggest that the rats are able to modify the body scheme in accordance to change in its physical boundaries.
ETRAN: extensible software for eye tracking data visualization and analysis
Authors: Marmalyuk P.A. , Yuryev G.A. , Zhegallo A.V. , Polyakov B.Y. , Panfilova A.S.
Published: April 2016

This article is devoted to the description of a free, extensible and open source software system designed for eye tracking data analysis. Authors of this article examine not only the main methods and functions of the system core that address gaze data import, data analysis (filtering, smoothing, oculomotor events detection, estimation of events’ characteristics and others) and visualization, but also scheduled improvements of system’s functional features
EVo: Net Shape RTM Production Line
Authors: Torstrick Sven , Kruse Felix , Wiedemann Martin
Published: April 2016

EVo research platform is operated by the Center for Lightweight-Production-Technology of the German Aerospace Center in Stade. Its objective is technology demonstration of a fully automated RTM (Resin Transfer Molding) production line for composite parts in large quantities. Process steps include cutting and ply handling, draping, stacking, hot-forming, preform-trimming to net shape, resin injection, curing and demolding.
Three-Dimensional Video Watermarking – A Review and Open Challenges
Authors: Al-Boeridi Omar N. , Wu Hong Ren , Van Schyndel Ron
Published: April 2016

Intellectual property (IP) protection of three-dimensional (3-D) media is an important issue for both academic and wider communities to combat the illegal distribution and pirating of this visual medium. Digital watermarking has been used to address various challenges in media IP protection. The challenge central to 3-D video as well as other audio-visual signal watermarking is that given a fixed level of perceptual transparency, a watermarking system cannot simultaneously achieve a high degree of robustness and a high watermark payload. The majority of published research reports in this field try to introduce new embedding methodologies to increase the watermark robustness with highest possible visual media quality. This paper reviews the current state-of-the-art in 3-D video watermarking and assesses various watermarking techniques in the field. Some of 3-D video watermarking techniques are directly inherited from video watermarking, stereo image watermarking or 3-D mesh watermarking, and therefore the relevant techniques in these fields are reviewed in this paper as well. Key performances of various embedding algorithms are examined and compared in this review to identify a benchmark for future development and performance evaluation of new 3-D video watermarking techniques.