bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toplumsal Eşitsizliğin Yönetsel Temelleri: Elit (Seçkin) Kuramı
Authors: KIRKBEŞOĞLU Erdem
Published: September 2021

Toplumsal yaşamda gerek bireylerin birbirleriyle olan ilişkilerinin, gerekse de farklı topluluklarla olan etkileşimlerinin şeklini tayin etmede, “eşitsizlik” unsuru önemli bir konuma sahiptir. Özellikle saygınlık, ün, servet, gelir, meslek, yetenek, ırk, etnik yapı, cinsiyet ve yaş gibi unsurlar bireylerin, diğer bireylerle olan münasebetlerini ve sosyal etkileşimlerini etkilemektedir. Günümüz toplumsal yapılarında, sosyal ve ekonomik açılardan eşitsizliğin etkileri, toplumun bir parçası konumunda olan grup veya gruplar içindeki farklı bireylere eşit olmayan fırsatlar sunmaktadır. Eşitsizliğe yol açan bu fırsatlar ise bir takım kişilerin, toplumdaki saygınlık ve maddi kaynaklara ulaşmasına bağlı olarak, karar verme sürecinde daha etkin bir konuma gelmelerine neden olur. Bireyleri karar verme süreçlerinde daha etkin bir konuma çıkaran bu etki sadece eşitsizliğin ortaya çıkmasında değil, aynı zamanda güç ilişkileri ve iktidar yapılarının da toplum içerisinde belirli kişiler lehine yönleneceği sonucunu yaratacaktır. Bu çalışmanın amacı toplumda yönetenler ile yönetilenler arasındaki dengeyi temel alan elit (seçkin) kuramının, gerek sosyolojik gerekse de yönetimsel açıdan kuramsal temellerini betimlemektir. Toplumlar, örgütler ve grupların bir parçası olan bireyler arasında ortaya çıkan eşitsizliğin gerekçeleri ve temel nedenleri kapsayıcı bir perspektifle ele alınacaktır. Çalışma yönetim ve sosyoloji yazınına yönelik çok sayıda çalışmadan elde edilmiş kuramsal varsayımları birleştirerek elit kuramına yönelik kapsamlı bir çözümleme sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.
The Determinants of Rural Households’ Income in Nigeria
Authors: MUKAİLA Ridwan , FALOLA Abraham , EGWUE Lynda
Published: September 2021

Most rural areas in developing nations were faced with the problem of high poverty rate. A better understanding of drivers of rural household income is a powerful guide for proper intervention towards poverty alleviation and better wellbeing. This study, therefore, investigates the drivers of rural households’ income in Nigeria. Data sourced from National Bureau of Statistics were analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression. The results revealed that majority of rural households’ heads were males who were married with an average household size of 6 persons and high dependency ratio (0.94). The majority had a low level of education, depends on agricultural activities and earned a monthly income of N42,142.70. Gender of household’s head, household size and years of education were the significant factors enhancing rural households’ income while dependency ratio was the factor inhibiting rural households’ income. Thus, rural education and women empowerment is needed to boost rural income.
An Estimation of the Open Economy Hybrid New Keynesian Phillips Curve for Turkey
Authors: BARİ Bilgin , ŞIKLAR İlyas
Published: September 2021

This study examines the inflation phenomenon employing monthly data set for the period 2002:01-2020:07 in Turkey. We separate the effects of dependency on imported intermediate goods and inputs in production using two different exchange rates. In this way, the direct effects arising from the USD / TL exchange rate and the indirect effects arising from the real effective exchange rate are revealed separately. In doing so, we also compare the sub-periods in which two separate trends occur in exchange rates. The results reveal that the real effective exchange rate has a more substantial effect. While this effect becomes more evident when the TL depreciates, it is seen that the USD / TL exchange rate is more determinant when the TL is stable. We find that both lagged and expected effects on inflation have a similar magnitude effect. This situation emphasizes the inertia and the importance of expectations in inflation. When the exchange rate increases, the effect of future expectations increases even more. The expected theoretical effect of the domestic output gap on inflation is statistically insignificant. According to the estimated model results, the effect of structural problems on inflation is relatively high and hampers price stability.
Büyük Dönüşüm Üzerine
Authors: ŞENSES O. İnan
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışma, bir kitabın anlam dünyasını açık etme çabasını içeriyor. İncelenen metnin ana sorunsalı piyasa kurumunun dünden bugüne evrimine odaklanıyor. Kendiliğinden, doğal bir piyasa düzeni kabulünün yanlışlığını kanıtlamaya dönük argümanlar ve piyasanın işleyişi ve bu işleyişe yön veren düzenlemelerin ilişkisini tarifleyen çifte hareket, metnin dinamik özüne işaret ediyor.
Rüyada Kalkınma: Bellamy’de Yönetim Düşüncesi
Authors: EKİZ Cengiz
Published: September 2021

Ütopyalar, yazarlarının yaşadığı dönemlere ayna tutarlar. Dönemin koşulları, sorunları ütopyada yansır. Ütopya yazarı bu sorunları eserine, bazen doğrudan bazen de dolaylı olarak aktarır. On dokuzuncu yüzyıl, ütopya literatüründe bolluğun yaşandığı bir dönemdir. Siyasal rejim bakımından ve coğrafi olarak sadece Avrupa değil, Amerika da ütopyaların mekânı olmuştur. Amerika, kıtadaki doğal kaynakların zenginliğinin yanı sıra siyasal rejimiyle de kalkınma arzusunu yansıtır. On dokuzuncu yüzyılda toplumun gelişmesi düşüncesi, sanayileşmeye, kapitalizmin gelişmesine bağlanmıştır. Edward Bellamy’nin bir ütopya olarak Geriye/Geçmişe Bakış’ta tasarladığı dünya, sanayileşmiş bir devlet tekelidir. Kapitalist şirketin yerini, ulus olarak tanımlanan ve tekel niteliğindeki devlet alır. Ulus, canlı bir organizma olmaktan çok, iktisadi ve siyasi bir organizasyon olarak mekanikleştirilmiştir. Toplumu ayakta tutan ideoloji, ulus kavramı ile tanımlanan sınai bir milliyetçiliktir. Üretim ve çalışma düzeni askeri bir disipline göre şekillendirilmiştir. Kapitalist şirketin devleti, toplumcu ulus şirketine dönüşmüştür.
Türkiye’de Hanehalkı Tasarruf Eğilimi ve Portföy Tercihlerinin Analizi
Authors: DİKMEN Fatih Hakan
Published: September 2021

Tasarruflar, yurtiçi yatırımların temel finansman kaynağı olması sebebiyle ülkelerin iktisadi hedefleri açısından stratejik bir öneme sahiptir. Hanehalklarının tasarruflarını nasıl değerlendirdiği ise finansal piyasaların büyüklüğü ve derinliği kadar, mikro temelleri de olan bir sorundur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de hanehalklarının tasarruf eğilimlerini ve portföy tercihlerini istatistiksel olarak incelemektir. Bu amaçla Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK) tarafından 2019 yılında yapılan ve tüm ülkeyi temsil eden “Hanehalkı Bütçe Anketi” mikro veri seti kullanılarak hanehalkı tasarruf davranışları sosyoekonomik ve demografik değişkenlerle ilişkilendirilerek çapraz tablolama analizi yapılmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre, Türkiye’de incelenen dönemde, ortalama tasarruf eğilimi %11,6 seviyesinde görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte hanehalklarının sadece yaklaşık %40’ı tasarruf yapabilmektedir. Tasarruf dağılımına bakıldığında, gayrimenkul en çok tercih edilen tasarruf aracı olarak öne çıkarken, bunu banka mevduatı, hisse senedi ve tahvil yatırımları izlemektedir. Bu çalışma göstermiştir ki, eğitim ve gelir düzeyi hanehalklarının tasarruf eğiliminde ve dağılımında en önemli etkilere sahip değişkenlerdir. Buna göre eğitim ve gelir düzeyi arttıkça, tasarruf eğilimi de artmaktadır. Buna ilaveten, eğitim seviyesi ve/veya gelir düzeyi yükseldikçe hisse senedi ve tahvil yatırımlarının payı kategorik olarak artmaktadır. Son olarak, 35 yaş altı hanehalkı reislerinin ve kadınların tasarruf eğilimlerinin kendi kategorileri içerisinde daha düşük olması, cinsiyet temelli ve genç yetişkinlere yönelik politika üretme ihtiyacına işaret etmektedir.
Development of the algorithm for selecting a rational regular urban route for electric bus operation
Authors: Gorbunova A. D. , Smirnova O. Yu.
Published: September 2021

Introduction. The article presents an analysis of researches on the operation of public transport vehicles with an electric drive. Electric buses have been tested in megacities, and despite the advantages, problems were identi- fied both in the selection of the charging type, technological features and with the availability and operation of the charging infrastructure. The operation process is associated with a number of technical restrictions, which in prac- tice make it difficult to select routes for the electric bus operation. The aim of the study is to develop an algorithm for selecting a rational regular urban route for the electric bus operation and to test it on the example of the route network of Tyumen.Materials and methods. A structural diagram of the factors influencing the selection of the route for the electric bus operation has been formed. As a result of processing expert assessments, the most significant factors were identified. The diagram of the interconnections of these factors is identified and limitations for the algorithm are for- mulated based on the theory of systems analysis. The algorithm for selecting the rational regular urban route for the electric bus operation has been developed. It enables creating the simulation model for selecting a rational regular urban route for the operation of an electric bus.Results. The diagram of factors influencing the selection of a rational regular urban route for the operation of an electric bus, taking into account their mutual relations, has been formed. The algorithm and simulation model for se- lecting a rational regular urban route for the operation of an electric bus has been developed. Several urban routes in Tyumen were assessed for the rationality of the introduction of electric buses.Discussion and conclusions. Evaluation of five regular urban routes in Tyumen using the developed algorithm and the simulation model revealed three rational routes, and also showed the inefficiency of the other two. It due to the discrepancy between the duration of the charging session and breaks in operation, as well as the insufficient charge level of the traction battery to ensure the required autonomous movement of the vehicle. In the course of the continuation of these studies, the developed algorithm will be supplemented with the stage of economic assess- ment of routes for the operation of electric buses.
Сomposite binders for 3d additive technologies
Authors: Zagorodnuk L. Kh. , Elistratkin M. Yu. , Podgornyi D. S. , Al Mamuri Saad Khalil Shadid
Published: September 2021

Introduction. In recent years, there has been an active development of 3D additive technologies. This trend could not but affect the construction industry. However, printing using plastics and other organic compounds differs significantly in its technological features from printing with building compounds. Concrete and mortars used in layer-by-layer printing must have a number of technological properties, such as sufficient viscosity for extrusion by an extruder, low mobility to maintain geometry after laying, high setting speed and strength after hardening. Currently, there are a number of compositions that meet these requirements, however, they, as a rule, are not distinguished by high strength and require a wide raw material base, which may not be available in field printing conditions. As a result, it is necessary to expand the range of building materials for 3D printing, suitable for the above criteria, as well as satisfying economic indicators.Materials and methods. Research has been carried out using physical and mechanical tests, X-ray phase analysis and electron microscopy on the effect of finely ground mineral additives on the microstructure and hardening processes of composite binders with various dosages of functional additives.Results. The results of studies on the production of composite binders for 3D additive technologies using Portland cement and man-made waste - waste of wet magnetic separation of the Stary Oskol electrometallurgical plant, modified with additives accelerators (Technonikol Master) and plasticizers (Polyplast PK-R) using mathematical planning and construction of mathematical models for composite binders with different hardening times are pesented.Conclusion. The efficiency of using the obtained composite binder has been proven, the use of which provides an increase in rheological properties, and also makes it possible to save expensive portland cement.
Current Data on the Directions of Therapy of Essential Hypertension in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and COVID-19 and Possibilities for Prevention of Long-Term Complications
Authors:   Poltava State Medical University. 23, Shevchenko St., Poltava 36011, Ukraine, Ivanytska T. A. , Kazakov Yu. M. ,   Poltava State Medical University. 23, Shevchenko St., Poltava 36011, Ukraine, Petrov Ye. Ye. ,   Poltava State Medical University. 23, Shevchenko St., Poltava 36011, Ukraine, Burmak Yu. G. ,   OO Bohomolets National Medical University. 13, T. Shevchenko Boulevard, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
Published: September 2021

The review article includes information on data on the treatment of patients with essential hypertension and manifestations of metabolic syndrome and their effectiveness in preventing the development of long-term complications of COVID-19. The pandemic of acute respiratory syndrome caused by SARS-CoV-2 requires changes in the approach to the treatment and prevention of metabolic syndrome and essential hypertension, as the presence of these comorbidities worsens the course and prognosis of infectious disease. Some pathogenetic links have been identified that affect these pathological conditions. Emphasis is placed on the key role of a balanced and healthy diet, as a component of a healthy lifestyle, in maintaining the optimal functional state of the cardiovascular system. It is also noted that the course of infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 in patients with metabolic syndrome is more severe and more often leads to complications. Since COVID-19 is recognized as a multi-organ disease with a wide range of manifestations and long-term symptoms, data on the course of this disease in patients with hypertension and metabolic syndrome were analyzed. Endothelial dysfunction is highlighted as one of the pathogenetic links that combines essential hypertension, insulin resistance and atherosclerosis, and options for its correction are considered. Standards for the treatment of essential hypertension and metabolic syndrome in view of the COVID-19 pandemic are presented. Information on the ability of statins to increase glycemia with long-term use, especially in patients with metabolic syndrome, is given. Conclusion. A number of drugs that have antioxidant, vasodilator and anti-inflammatory properties that do not cause an increase in glycemia, including quercetin, have been proposed. Its positive effect on the level of blood pressure has been revealed, which implies its use as an adjunct to antihypertensive therapy. The combination of quercetin and vitamin C is considered as an adjunct to basic therapy for COVID-19 disease and its long-term complications. Further studies are planned to determine the clinical value of quercetin supplements in therapy of essential hypertension, rehabilitation of patients after COVID-19, stabilization of dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, as well as dose adjustment and study of possible drug interactions between quercetin and antihypertensive drugs
Prerequisites for Using the Reiki Method in Physical Therapy
Authors:   Donetsk National Medical Universityю 1, Great Perspective St., Kropyvnytskyi 25015, Ukraine, Heera H. S. , Najar S. S. H. ,   Donetsk National Medical Universityю 1, Great Perspective St., Kropyvnytskyi 25015, Ukraine
Published: September 2021

The review provides generalized data on the verification of the effectiveness of the method of alternative bioenergetic medicine Reiki of non-traditional bioenergy medicine Reiki with the tools of modern evidence-based medicine over the past two decades. The general principles of the therapy, the history of the method emergence and its spread in Japan, the USA and European countries are described. The purpose of the study. The study was conducted in order to determine the possibility of using the Reiki method in physical therapy and rehabilitation of patients. The most large-scale studies of Reiki effectiveness in pain overcoming, restoring the anatomical integrity of tissues and organs, functional range of motion and sensitivity recovery have been identified. It was noted that in small studies of Reiki effectiveness for overcoming anxiety, pain, depression, in the complex rehabilitation of victims of violence, some positive effects of the method were found, which are almost never taken into account by the authors of systematic and meta-analyzes due to the incomprehensible design of primary studies, low level of evidence, small groups of examined patients. There was no evidence of the effectiveness of the Reiki method in physical therapy and rehabilitation in contact, non-contact and remote execution. Even the existence of a "biofield", the correction of which is carried out by Reiki masters, is considered by most medical scientists to be fiction. However, individual facts about the improvement of the psychological state of patients, changes in biochemical parameters, as well as interest in the method by researchers from different countries over the past decades, are the basis for continuing research on the effectiveness of the method. Conclusion. The subjective satisfaction of some of the patients for whom the Reiki method was applied in rehabilitation and physical therapy exceeds the clinical effects verified by the methods of a double placebo-controlled randomized trial. Therefore, the Reiki method cannot be recommended as the only therapeutic method, but can be included in the complex of physical therapy methods as an additional method and provided that its action is understood as a placebo. Further studies of the method can be considered appropriate due to the good acceptance by many patients in the described studies, which were analyzed in the review, the interest of researchers from different countries and the absence of harm to patients
Morphometric Characteristics of the Thigh Bone in Human Fetuses
Authors:   Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine Bukovinian State Medical University. 2, Theatralna Sq., Chernivtsi 58002, Ukraine, Hryhorieva P. V.
Published: September 2021

Defining quantitative growth parameters of individual skeletal bones, namely the right and left femurs, is practically important for determining the age of the fetus. Lack of data on changes in the length of the femur in 4-10 months’ fetuses, as well as the dependence of its morphometric parameters on the length of the lower limb and the age of the fetus, prompted us to conduct this study. The purpose of the study was to determine the morphometric parameters of the length of the right and left femurs during the fetal period of human ontogenesis, which could form the base of normal indicators. Materials and methods. Morphometric study was performed on the lower extremities specimens of 40 human fetuses of an 81.0-375.0 mm parietal-coccygeal length. Results and discussion. As a result of the study, the dynamics of changes in the length of the right and left femurs and lower extremities in 4-10 months’ human fetuses was established. Direct correlations were found in the studied fetal groups, and only in 5-month-old fetuses a direct medium-strength reliable correlation between the lengths of the right and left femurs was found. A weak correlation between the length of the left lower limb and the length of the left femur was found in 7-month-old fetuses. In other cases, direct significant strong correlations were found between the analyzed indicators. The results obtained regarding the change in the length of the right and left femurs, as well as the Pearson correlation coefficient between the morphometric parameters of the length of the right and left femurs and the length of the lower extremities and parietal-coccygeal length of human fetuses 4-10 months are important both theoretically and practically for fetal anatomy. Conclusion. During the fetal period of human ontogenesis, where there is a relatively uniform increase in the length of the right and left femurs, no significant differences in their length were detected. Between the 4th and the 10th month of fetal development, the length of the right femur increases by 5.59 times (from 13.18 ± 2.56 mm to 73.66 ± 2.19 mm), and the length of the left femur increases by 5.44 times: from 13.54 ± 2.35 mm to 73.73 ± 2.12 mm, respectively. In the fetal period the right and left lower extremities also grow equally, no significant differences in their length have been established
Histochemical Study of the Processes of Protein Oxidative Modification and Limited Proteolysis in the Endothelium of Myometrial Vessels in the Projection of the Utero-Placental Bed during Iron-Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy
Authors:   Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine Bukovinian State Medical University. 2, Theatralna Sq., Chernivtsi 58002, Ukraine, Tiulienieva O. A.
Published: September 2021

Utero-placental bed is the cumulation of gestationally altered endometrium at the place of ovum attachment to the uterine wall. As far as the protein oxidative modification and limited proteolysis in iron deficiency anemia are due to the fact that in conditions of hypoxia, free radical processes in the blood and tissues are enhanced, and iron deficiency is additionally able to cause hemodynamic disorders because of endothelial dysfunction in the vessels of the utero-placental area. The purpose of the study was to establish histochemical features of protein oxidative modification and limited proteolysis in the endotheliocytes of myometrial vessels in the projection of the utero-placental area depending on the degree of iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women. Materials and methods. By histochemical methods of Mikel Calvo, using reactions with bromophenol blue on "acidic" and "basic" proteins, and the method of A. Yasumа and T. Ichikawa, ninhydrin-Schiff reaction to free amino groups of proteins to assess the degree of limited proteolysis, in combination with computer microspectrophotometry and microdensitometry, quantitative characteristics of oxidative modification of proteins and limited proteolysis in endotheliocytes of myometrial segments of the utero-placental vessels in iron deficiency anemia of pregnant women were established. 74 biopsies of the observed uterine-placental area in physiological pregnancy and gestation based on iron deficiency anemia of I, II and III degrees of severity were investigated. Results and discussion. In physiological pregnancy, the intensity of oxidative modification of proteins and limited proteolysis is the lowest in endotheliocytes of myometrial segments of the spiral arteries and the highest one is in the endothelium of the vessels of the microcirculatory tract of the utero-placental area. In gestations based on iron deficiency anemia, intensification of proteins oxidative modification and limited proteolysis in the endothelium of all types of myometrial vessels of the projection of the utero-placental bed correlates with the severity of anemia. Iron deficiency anemia greatly affects the modification of proteins in the endothelial cells mostly of myometrial segments of spiral arteries of the placental bed. Conclusion. Intensification of protein oxidative modification and limited proteolysis in endotheliocytes of all type vessels of myometrium of the uterine-placental area formed by iron deficiency can be considered as a significant factor of endothelial dysfunction and a predictor of hemodynamic disorders of the placental bed
Clinical and Pathophysiological Phenotyping of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors:   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University. 69, Pekarska St., Lviv 79010, Ukraine, Radchenko O. M. , Fedуk O. V.
Published: September 2021

The purpose of the study was to determine the clinical and laboratory features of inflammatory phenotypes among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, moderate respiratory failure and anemia of chronic disease. Materials and methods. The study included 150 patients with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic anemia, in which inflammatory phenotypes were identified, among which the largest share was neutrophilic (66/44.0±4.0%), less lymphocytic (35/23.3±3.4%) and eosinophilic (16/10.7±2.5%). In 33/22.0% of patients, the inflammatory phenotype was mixed and patients were excluded from the study. Among 117 patients included in the study, 67.5% were men and 32.5% were middle-aged (25.6%), elderly (42.7%) and senile (24.8%). The results were processed by the methods of variation statistics, the materiality threshold p <0.05. Results and discussion. It was established, that peripheral blood analysis and biochemical parameters, regardless of the pathophysiological nature of inflammation in all groups showed moderate dysfunction of external respiration, normochromic normocytic nature of mild chronic anemia with activation of all components of the external coagulation mechanism and increased prothrombin time and inflammation activation (by C-reactive protein and seromucoids). The neutrophilic phenotype of inflammation, in comparison with lymphocytic and eosinophilic, was the most common and was accompanied by the most pronounced anemic syndrome, the highest activity of systemic inflammation and the most pronounced syndrome of endogenous intoxication with deterioration of liver function. The lymphocytic phenotype of inflammation was the second widespread and was characterized by the most pronounced normochromic anemic syndrome with the most pronounced predisposition to hypercoagulation (the highest prothrombin index) with high activity of the inflammatory syndrome. The eosinophilic phenotype of inflammation was significantly less common than the neutrophilic and lymphocytic with the favorable characteristics of the anemic syndrome and with low inflammatory activity and the small activity of endogenous intoxication but the highest fasting blood glucose level as normo-hyperglycemia. Conclusion. Clinical and pathophysiological phenotyping of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease makes it possible to determine not only the activity of inflammation, but also the severity of anemic syndrome, endogenous intoxication, liver status and carbohydrate metabolism, which is of practical importance for both physicians and scientists
Topical Issues of Vaccination of Health Professionals
Authors:   Poltava, Poltava State Medical University. 23, Shevchenko St., Poltava 36011, Ukraine, Chechotina S. Yu. , Sydorenko A. H. , Lutsenko R. V. , Kundiy Zh. P. , Deviatkina N. M.
Published: September 2021

Vaccination is one of the most successful and economically effective measures of the prevention of infectious diseases among all other measures which exist nowadays. The decrease of the level of community immunity leads to the risk of the recurrent disease progressing in adults and teenagers and also the deterioration of epidemiological situation. The issues of the control of infectious diseases among health care professionals have recently become significant. The purpose of the study is to investigate the level of vaccination rate of recipients of the first (Bachelor degree) of higher education in specialty 223 «Nursing», who work in medical institutions and to analyze legal framework of immune prevention of health professionals. Materials and methods. With the help of Google-platform, we conducted a survey among recipients of higher education, who follow online higher education at Educational and Scientific Medical Institute of Poltava State Medical University, who were divided into two groups. Results. All recipients of both two groups received Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine. Recipients of higher education of the 1st group also were vaccinated against hepatitis B virus. Among recipients of the 2nd group this index is high and is 75%. All 12 recipients of higher education of the 2nd group were vaccinated against poliomyelitis and measles, against diphtheria – 11 respondents, 10 and 9 correspondingly against tetanus and rubella. Among 6 responders of the 1st group against measles, rubella, diphtheria and tetanus 4 recipients of higher education were vaccinated, and 5 ones – against poliomyelitis. Members of the 2nd group by 2.5 times are more often vaccinated against seasonal grippe that proves the high level of responsibility for both their health and patients’. All members of the survey confirmed positive attitude to the vaccination. The article has been concerned with the analysis of World Health Organization recommendations, Center for Disease Control and orders of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine about vaccination of medical professionals. Conclusion. Therefore, among respondents, who work in medical institutions, there is enough high level of vaccination rate. Immunological prevention of health care workers is topical one, because they are in the risk group of the vaccination. Considering peculiarities of profession, contact with patients and potentially sick people, health professionals must be vaccinated and be the source of accurate information for patients
National study on the prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders among schoolchildren 8-12 years of age in Bahrain
Authors: Moosa K. , Abdul Wahab A. W. , Al Sayyad J. , Baig B. Z.
Published: September 2021

A cross-sectional survey of primary-school children in Bahrain was conducted to estimate the prevalence of goitre and iodine deficiency according to age, sex and area of residence. During January-May 1999, 1600 children were randomly chosen from all government schools. Children were examined for goitre and of those, 50% were randomly selected for urinary iodine level assessment. Only 26 children [1.7%] had goitre. Although median urinary iodine was above 100 microg/L, 121 of 749 children [16.2%] had low urinary iodine levels. Although iodine deficiency does not pose a significant public health problem in Bahrain, education about the nutritional value of iodized salts in the prevention of this disorder could increase public awareness.
Gall bladder sludge and stones in multitransfused Egyptian thalassaemic patients
Authors: El Nawawy A.
Published: September 2021

One hundred Egyptian beta-thalassaemic patients on a long-term transfusion/chelation programme were evaluated for the prevalence of all bladder sludge and stones and the associated risk factors. Fifty healthy individuals served as controls. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed that 14% of the thalassaemic patients had gall bladder sludge or stones [6% stones and 8% sludge]. The thalassaemic patients with this complication were older, had a higher prevalence of gall bladder symptoms, higher levels of pretransfusion haemoglobin, larger amounts of transfused red cells, and more were regularly transfused. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence that gall bladder symptoms and the amount of transfused red cells were the only significant predictors of the occurrence of gall bladder sludge or stones.
Advanced maternal age and pregnancy outcome
Authors: Amarin V. N. , Akasheh H. F.
Published: September 2021

To assess the effect of maternal age on obstetric intervention and pregnancy outcome, a retrospective study compared obstetric intervention, pregnancy complications and outcome in 73 women of age > 35 years with 471 women of age 20-25 years attending Prince Ali Military Hospital, Jordan from June 1999 to May 2000. Older women were found to have significantly higher rates of medical complications such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Despite significantly increased frequency of large babies, trisomy 21, twin pregnancy and antepartum haemorrhage, overall outcome was satisfactory. We conclude that older women, managed by modern obstetric methods and delivered in a modern health-care centre, can expect good pregnancy outcomes.
Physical fitness status among the students of a medical college in Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Pramanik T. , Pramanik S.
Published: September 2021

The physical fitness of Nepalese students at a medical college in Kathmandu was measured. The proportions of students with poor fitness, average fitness, good fitness, very good fitness and excellent fitness were 10.4%, 23.6%, 39.6%, 17.9% and 8.5% respectively. No significant difference between the male and female students in physical fitness index score was noticed in any of the fitness level groups.
Primary health care patients’ knowledge about diabetes in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Abdullah L. , Margolis S. , Townsend T.
Published: September 2021

This study defined the baseline level of knowledge about diabetes and the perceived effectiveness of sources of diabetes information in an urban primary health care centre in Al-Ain. A validated questionnaire was administered to 300 randomly chosen adult patients with diabetes. Patient knowledge about diabetes was directly related to their level of general education. Written and electronic media, and contact with a nurse or doctor were effective sources of education on diabetes while “conversation with significant others”, dietician or pharmacist were not effective. Nurse- or doctor-centred education appears to be an effective choice for future programmes to provide information to patients with diabetes.
twitter sharing button linkedin sharing button facebook sharing button whatsapp sharing button email sharing button print sharing button Low rates of diabetic patients reaching good control targets
Authors: Akbar D. H.
Published: September 2021

A cross-sectional study was conducted of 404 diabetic patients attending King Abdulaziz University Hospital medical clinic from June 1998 to January 2000 in order to determine their rates of reaching target levels for blood glucose, blood pressure, serum lipids and body mass index. Greatest difficulty was found in reaching target levels for low-density lipoprotein and glycated haemoglobin. Target levels for blood pressure were harder to achieve for Saudis than non-Saudis. Significantly fewer females reached target levels for blood glucose, body mass index, low-density lipoprotein or all targets than males [both Saudi and non-Saudi]. Efforts are needed to improve compliance to diet and drug regimens and to identify and treat risk factors in each patient.
Blood pressure control and target organ complications among hypertensive patients in southern Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ahmed M. E. , El Awad I. B.
Published: September 2021

Blood pressure [BP] control and target organ complications [TOC] among 203 hypertensive patients attending a hospital clinic in Abha, Saudi Arabia were studied. Optimal BP control was defined as BP < 140/90 and was achieved in 99 [48.8%] patients. Diuretics and calcium channel blockers were associated with the best rates of BP control while adverse drug reactions were associated with the poorest rates. TOC were classified according to World Health Organization criteria; 62% of patients had no TOC. Retinopathy, renal impairment and left ventricular hypertrophy were the most common stage II complications. Cerebrovascular accidents and ischaemic heart disease were the most common stage III complications.
Differential display analysis of mRNAs in chronic myelogenous leukaemia
Authors: El Awady M. K. , Abdalla N. M. , Salem A. M. , Samir S. , Nour A. M.
Published: September 2021

Analysis of expressed mRNAs with differential display-polymerase chain reaction [DD-PCR] is a powerful tool for the characterization of genes involved in malignant pathways and might identify markers for different phases of chronic myelogenous leukaemia [CML]. We examined the presence of BCR-ABL transcripts in 25 CML patients in either the chronic phase or blast crisis. We then analysed the expression of leukocytic RNA transcripts in CML phases. DD-PCR technique was used to examine CML cases with BCR-ABL in comparison with CML cases lacking detectable BCR-ABL transcripts. Our results support the use of differential display not only for characterization of the CML differentially expressed genes but also to locate patterns that can be implemented as valuable fingerprints for each phase of CML.
Central obesity in elderly individuals in south-western Saudi Arabia: prevalence and associated morbidity
Authors: Abolfotouh M. A. , Daffallah A. A. , Khan M. Y. , Khattab M. S. , Abdul Moneim I.
Published: September 2021

Central obesity in all individuals aged 65 years and over [n = 810] in the catchment areas of three primary health care centres in Abha was determined from the waist circumference [WC] and waist-to-hip ratio [WHR]. The age-adjusted prevalence of central obesity was 32.4% and 43.5% based on the WC and WHR indicators respectively. WC was significantly associated with the risk of diabetes and hypertension, while WHR was significantly associated with the risk of diabetes only. These findings suggest that reducing the prevalence of central obesity in old age would decrease the risk of diabetes and hypertension. WC is a powerful independent predictor mainly of hypertension risk, while WHC is a good predictor of the risk of diabetes.
Bone density estimates and risk factors for osteoporosis in young women
Authors: Saadi H. F. , Reed R. L. , Carter A. O. , Qazaq H. S. , Al Suhaili A. R.
Published: September 2021

The bone mineral density [BMD] of the calcaneus was estimated in 185 young women from the United Arab Emirates, using SAHARA ultrasound. All participants completed a questionnaire on factors potentially associated with osteoporosis. In all, 29 [15.7%] of the women were classified as having osteopenia and none as having osteoporosis. Participants with osteopenia were more likely to have had a later onset of menarche, irregular periods, lower body mass index, and a positive family history of osteoporosis. Only late menarche and low body mass index, however, were independent predictors of osteopenia.
twitter sharing button linkedin sharing button facebook sharing button whatsapp sharing button email sharing button print sharing button Infection following orthopaedic implants and bone surgery
Authors: Mousa H. A.
Published: September 2021

Forty-seven patients were investigated for early or late postoperative infections of orthopaedic implants and/or bone. A total of 88 isolates were recovered [64 aerobes and 24 anaerobes]. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis were the most common causative agents. Anaerobic bacteria were isolated from 16 [34%] patients; 50% of patients with late-onset infection and 10.5% with early-onset infection. In 6 [12.8%] patients, infection was with anaerobic organisms alone. All these patients had retained an extramedullary internal fixation device. Anaerobic microorganisms appear to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of late-onset postoperative infection, especially where there is an extramedullary internal fixation device.
Multicentre surveillance of antibiotic resistance in nosocomial Staphylococcus aureus in Cyprus
Authors: Gourni M. , Kontou M. , Hadjipanayiotou C. , Protopapa P.
Published: September 2021

Four general hospitals in Cyprus evaluated the incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA] strains in positive cultures of staphylococci among inpatients from September 1999 to March 2000. One hundred and ninety three [193 strains were isolated from cultures of respiratory secretions, skin and mucous membrane lesions, blood and urine. Of the S. aureus strains studied, 80 [41.45%] were MRSA and 113 [58.55%] were methicillin sensitive S. aureus [MSSA]. More than 78.75% of the MRSA were resistant to erythromycin and 18.75% to gentamicin. Of the MSSA, 17.69% were resistant to erythromycin and 7.08% to gentamicin. None of the MRSA and MSSA strains showed reduced sensitivity to vancomycin.
twitter sharing button linkedin sharing button facebook sharing button whatsapp sharing button email sharing button print sharing button Prevalence of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea among hospitalized Jordanian patients
Authors: Shehabi A. A. , Abu Ragheb H. A. , Allaham N. A.
Published: September 2021

We investigated stool specimens of 400 patients at Jordan University Hospital [300 patients with clinical diarrhoea and 100 controls without diarrhoea] for the presence of Clostridium difficile or its toxin. We found a 9.7% prevalence rate of C. difficile or its toxin in stools of patients with diarrhoea. The prevalence of other potential enteric pathogens, such as Salmonella spp. [2.3%], Shigella spp. [1.0%] and Entamoeba histolytica [2.7%], was significantly less. Prevalence of C. difficile or its toxin in controls was 3.0%. Toxin A was detected in 93.1% of C. difficile-associated diarrhoea cases using an enzyme immunoassay. Our study indicates that C. difficile-associated diarrhoea is mostly observed among hospitalized patients aged > or = 50 years, in association with antimicrobial treatment.
Detection and characterization of verotoxin-producing strains among sorbitol non-fermenting Escherichia coli
Authors: Jafari A. , Katouli M. , Shokouhi F. , Bouzari S.
Published: September 2021

The presence of genes for verotoxin 1 and 2 [VT1 and 2] among sorbitol non-fermenting Escherichia coli isolates from diarrhoeal cases was assessed using polymerase chain reaction assay. Of 60 [88%] positive isolates, 37 [62%] harboured VT1 and 23 [38%] both VT1 and VT2. In HeLa cell adherence assay, 48 [71%] isolates exhibited mannose-resistant adherence to HeLa cells. Multidrug resistance was observed in 56 [82%] isolates, with ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and tetracycline pattern being the most common. There were 13 common and 22 single biochemical phenotypes identified. Isolates belonging to common biochemical phenotypes normally had a similar pattern of adherence and VT production, but differed greatly in their pattern of antibiotic resistance, pointing to a high rate of antibiotic-resistance transfer among these isolates.
Urinary calculi: bacteriological and chemical association
Authors: Naas T. , Al Agili S. , Bashir O.
Published: September 2021

We investigated the bacteriology of urinary calculi in relation to urinary tract infection, stone formation, chemical composition and antibiotic sensitivity. Fifty-two patients [37 males, 15 females] with urolithiasis were studied. Urine, serum and urinary calculi specimens were taken and serum biochemical tests to detect uric acid, calcium and phosphorus were performed. Urine analysis and culture were also performed. Of the 52 patients, 19 [37%] had associated urinary tract infection, with Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis being the most common causative microorganisms. The bacterial isolates from urine and those from calculi differed in their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. We conclude that in over 50% of patients with urolithiasis, urine culture can detect the infecting organisms associated with stone formation and the organisms within urinary calculi.
Prevalence of hepatitis C virus among patients with liver disease in the Republic of Yemen
Authors: Al Moslih M. I. , Al Huraibi M. A.
Published: September 2021

We investigated 143 patients with various classes of liver disease and 120 healthy subjects for serological markers of hepatitis C and B viruses. We found a prevalence rate of 37.1% of anti-HCV markers in patients with liver disease [cases], and 4.2% and in the control group. HBsAg was detected in 33.6% of cases and 13.3% of the controls. Anti-HCV and HBsAg were detected in 7.7% of cases but were not detected in the controls. Anti-HCV, HBsAg, anti-HBe and anti-HDV were detected in three patients. Serum protein electrophoresis results showed elevated gammaglobulin and low albumin in patients positive for anti-HCV who had liver disease.
Effect of interferon therapy on fatty acid saturation index in hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Abdel Aziz M. T. , Abdel Ghaffar Y. , Fouad H., H. , Abdel Aziz D. M. , El Magd A. A.
Published: September 2021

The ratio of stearic to oleic acids, i. e. the fatty acid saturation index, in red blood cell membranes was assayed in 60 patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection before and after interferon-alpha therapy. Results were compared with 20 healthy controls. Hepatitis C virus titre was also assayed before and after interferon-alpha therapy. Within 2-5 months following interferon-alpha therapy, a significant inverse correlation was observed between saturation index and hepatitis C virus load. We conclude that hepatitis C virus infection enhances the degree of desaturation of 18-carbon fatty acids and that interferon-alpha is involved in their metabolism by increasing the degree of saturation and subsequent decrease in membrane fluidity.
twitter sharing button linkedin sharing button facebook sharing button whatsapp sharing button email sharing button print sharing button The role of vitamin A in enhancing humoral immunity produced by antirabies vaccine
Authors: Siddiqui F. Q.
Published: September 2021

We tested the effects of vitamin A supplementation on the antibody titre of 40 healthy volunteers [age range: 10-35 years], who had received a complete course of antirabies vaccine [5 injections over 30 days]. After determining the baseline serum vitamin A status of 80 volunteers, 20 pairs were matched for serum vitamin A level, body mass index, age, sex and socioeconomic status. One person from each pair was randomly assigned to an experimental or control group. The experimental group received vitamin A and antirabies vaccine. Controls received only the vaccine. The experimental group had significantly greater [2.1 times] serum antirabies titre than controls. This finding is an important step towards improving the economy of dosage of antirabies vaccines.
[Availability and use of emergency services in Tunisia:main results of a comprihensive national survey]
Authors: Chahed M. K. , Somrani N. , Achour H.
Published: September 2021

In order to assess hospital emergency rooms, a comprehensive national epidemiological investigation was conducted in all 155 public emergency structures in Tunisia. Here we present the main results of the levels of availability and use of emergency services. Coverage of the population by services is adequate [one emergency service per 60, 000 people]. Emergency wards admit about 2, 500, 000 patients every year [a quarter of the population of the country]. The university hospital emergency services are the most heavily used [150 patients per day on average]. Emergency services are sought for medical [60%], surgical [18%], paediatric [14%] and gynaecological reasons [5%]. It would be useful to assess the quality of care delivered and the satisfaction of citizens and health workers.
twitter sharing button linkedin sharing button facebook sharing button whatsapp sharing button email sharing button print sharing button Measles immunization in Saudi Arabia: the need for change
Authors: Khalil M. K. , Al Mazrou Y. Y. , Al Jeffri M. , Al Ghamdy Y. S.
Published: September 2021

This paper describes the measles immunization programme in Saudi Arabia and the change from the single-dose schedule with the Schwartz vaccine to the double-dose schedule with the Edmonston-Zagreb vaccine. The recent measles-mumps-rubella school campaign is also described.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Jordan
Authors: Al Raymoony A.
Published: September 2021

This study was conducted on 100 patients with symptomatic gallbladder stones, aged 22-81 years with a mean of 51.5 years, who underwent cholecystectomy in Zarqa city, Jordan between July 1998 and July 1999. The success rate was 87% and the procedure was completed using the conventional method in 13 patients. The mean operative time was 60 minutes, complication rate was 5% and there were no deaths. The mean hospital stay was 1 day and mean time to return to work was 10 days. This study showed that laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a safe procedure with reasonable operative time, less postoperative pain, a short hospital stay, early return to work, and a low morbidity and mortality rate.