bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Various Parameters on Finishing of Inner Surfaces of Brass Tubes Using Magnetic Abrasive by RSM: A Study
Authors: Grewal Harinder Singh , Singh Avtar , Singh Jaiinder Preet
Published: September 2023

With the increase of technology and the demand of industry the surface finish requirements are also increasing. Conventional echnologies like grinding and lapping etc. fail to finish some pieces such as pipes, complex shape tubes consisting of straight and bent sections up to desired accuracy. Magnetic Abrasive Finishing (MAF) is one of the a dvanced finishing methods, proposed to produce highly finished surfaces of brass340 pipes. In this research work the process, finishing characteristics and the principle of magnetic abrasive finishing of pipes using sintered magnetic abrasives are described. The sintered based of Al2O3 magnetic abrasives with iron particle of size 106 μm were used in this work. The Statistically designed experiments based on Taguchi methods show that weight of abrasive, Revolutions per minute (rpm), finishing time and type of lubricant which have significant effect on the surface roughness obtained. The effects of lubricants on surface finish are also analyzed in this work by using different types of lubricants. It is noticed that the surface finish was affected by the change of type of lubricant and the internal surface finish of pipes were analyzed in terms of percent improvement in surface finish (PISF) and using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The obtained maximum PISF was 60% by using toothpaste as a lubricant and minimum surface r oughness w as 0 .126 μ m R a. T he improvement in surface finish was further validated using RRay Diffraction (XRD) technique.
Experimental Investigation of Electro-Discharge Face Grinding of Metal Matrix Composite (Al/SiC)
Authors: Yadav Ram Singar , Singh Gyan , Yadava Vinod
Published: September 2023

Surface quality and process productivity are the challenging performance measures in grinding of difficult-tomachine materials these are measured in terms of Surface Roughness (Ra) and Material Removal Rate (MRR). Metal Matrix composites are the materials having aggregate properties of constituents like higher strength to weight ratio, toughness, stiffness and hardness. Because of having these superior properties MMCs are highly desirable in applications ranging from commercial aircraft to sports equipment but still facing challenges in machining of MMCs. Machining of MMCs by conventional machining process results poor surface finishand frequent tool failure due to presence of ceramic particles. Grinding of MMCs by conventional grinding process produces poor surface finish and low material removal rate due to frequent wheel loading. Electro-Discharge Face Grinding (EDFG) process is used on work specimen of the material Al/SiC MMC to investigate the effects of Wheel speed, Gap current, Pulse on-time and Pulse off-time on Surface Roughness (Ra) and Material Removal Rate (MRR). Surface Roughness (Ra) increases with increase in Wheel RPM, Gap current and Pulse on-time. MRR also increases with increase in Gap current and Pulse on-time while it is almost constant on increasing Wheel RPM. SEM micrograph of machined surface is taken for analysis of surface texture.
A Review on the Performance of the Nanofluid Based Solar Collectors – Solar Energy
Authors: Sharma Kapil , Singh Satnam , Yadav Manvendra , Tripathi Naveen Mani
Published: September 2023

Using nanofluids as an innovative kind of liquid blend with a trivial volume fraction (in percent) of nanometer-sized solid particles in suspension is a fairly a novel arena or idea. The objective of this presented review paper is to inspect the performance of the nanofluid-based solar collector (NBSC). In past few years for a number of experimental and industrial thermal engineering systems solar energy has proven to be the best input energy source. The scarcity of fossil fuels and environmental contemplations motivated the researchers to utilize alternative energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy etc. Therefore, it is essential to boost the performance of the solar thermal engineering systems. Because of better rheological properties nanofluids are utilized to build up the performance of conventional solar thermal engineering systems. Therefore, major part of this presented review paper lays a main emphasis to investigate the effects of nanofluids on the performance of solar collectors. Some proposals are also given to use the nanofluids for future work in different solar thermal engineering systems such as parabolic trough systems (PTS), solar thermoelectric cells and finally, the challenges of using nanofluids in solar energy devices are reviewed in brief.
Application of SiO2 Nanoparticles as Lubricant Additive in VCRS: An Experimental Investigation
Authors: Desai Nilesh S. , Patil P. R.
Published: September 2023

In this work, the SiO2 nano-oil is proposed as a promising lubricant to enhance the performance of vapour compression refrigerator compressor. The stability of SiO2 nanoparticles in the oil is investigated experimentally. It was confirmed that the nanoparticles steadily suspended in the mineral oil at a stationary condition for long period of time. The application of the nano-oil with specific concentrations of 1%, 2% and 2.5 %( by mass fraction) were added in the compressor oil. The VCRS performance with the nanoparticles was then investigated using energy consumption tests. The result shows the COP of system were improved by 7.61%,14.05% & 11.90%, respectively, when the nano-oil was used instead of pure oil.
A Review on Possibility to Use Ethanol as a Alternative Fuel in Diesel Engine
Authors: Mandalia Hiren V.
Published: September 2023

Ethanol is an attractive alternative fuel because it is a renewable bio-based resource, thereby providing the potential to reduce particulate emissions in compression–ignition engines. In this review the properties and specifications of ethanol blended with diesel fuel are discussed. Special emphasis is placed on the factors critical to the potential commercial use of these blends. The effect of the fuel on engine performance, durability and emissions is also considered. The formulation of additives to correct certain key properties and maintain blend stability is suggested as a critical factor in ensuring fuel compatibility with engines. However, the addition of ethanol to diesel fuel simultaneously decreases cetane number, high heating value, aromatics fractions and kinematic viscosity of ethanol blended diesel fuels and changes distillation temperatures. Also for maintaining vehicle safety with these blends may entail fuel tank modifications. Further work is required in specifying acceptable fuel characteristics, confirming the long-term effects on engine durability, and ensuring safety in handling and storing ethanol–diesel blends.
A Review on an Opportunity to Reduce Exhaust Emission from Diesel Engine Using Exhaust Gas Recirculation
Authors: Mandalia Hiren V.
Published: September 2023

Internal combustion engines, plays an important role in the transportation sector and also in individual transport. Also it is a major source of manmade emissions. Presently there are many technologies are developed which are used to reduce the fuel consumption and exhaust emission from a diesel engine. In a CI engine fuel consumptions is reduced to a considerable amount, but the emission of NOx (Nitrogen Oxide) is a critical issue. This paper tries to present a review about the impact of EGR system on the exhaust emission of a CI engine. This is one of the methods which reduce the nitrogen oxide emissions of a diesel engine to a considerable level. In EGR – Exhaust Gas Recirculation method, a part of the exhaust gases is recirculated into the combustion chamber. Due to complete combustion of unburned fuel particles, there is a reduction in peak combustion temperature which in turn reduces the formation of NOX. By controlling the amount of available oxygen, which makes possibilities of reduction in the flame temperature in the combustion chamber, EGR system is effectively reduce the NOx emission from an engine.
Review on Micro Power Energy Harvesting by Using Smart Materials
Authors: Hari Kamble Shirkant , Shivaji Chougale Dayanand , Jabade S. I.
Published: September 2023

Energy is one of the most important things in this century. Energy is essential for the powering business, industrialized and the shipping of good and service to serve world economies. The running most of our appliance and to carry out daily work we need electricity. It’s really very difficult to imagine our life without electricity, our life would really stop so there is high need, to produce electricity and find some other feasible method to produce electrical energy. Now day’s people have been an increases demand on low power and portable device like smart phone, IPods, etc. Therefore then need low power and portable energy source. In this scope piezoelectric and thermocouple materials become strong devices for energy generation and use in future applications. In this review paper discuss the use of piezoelectric and thermocouple for natural energy harvesting for a low power consumption.
Experimental Analysis of Automatic Cooling Device Using Ferrofluid
Authors: Singh Sahib , Garg Harry
Published: September 2023

Heat is an inevitable byproduct of all the electronic devices and a substantial amount of power is lost in cooling of these devices. The automatic cooling device discussed in this paper utilizes the waste heat and in the presence of magnetic field can be used for cooling applications. This cooling device converts a part of thermal energy into kinetic energy of the fluid does not require any pump for the fluid flow. If a permanent magnet is used, no external power is required for fluid flow.
Health Hazards Caused by Heavy Metals and their Physico-Chemical Properties in Water Samples from Jodhpur District of Northern Rajasthan, India
Authors: Mittal Sudhir , Rani Asha , Mehra Rohit
Published: September 2023

High Resolution Inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (HR-ICP-MS) technique has been used to study the concentration of heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Mn, Fe, Se, Cr and Th) in drinking water samples collected from 10 different locations of Jodhpur district of Northern Rajasthan, India. The heavy metals have been studied for their health hazards and the concentration is correlated with recommended safe limits as suggested by various protection agencies. Moreover, significant correlation has been observed among the physico-chemical properties of water and heavy metal concentration. The results revel that drinking water contaminated with heavy metals is prone to radiological and hemical threats for inhabitants.
Comparative Analysis of Disc Brake Model for Different Materials Investigated Under Tragic Situations
Authors: Gupta Vikas , Saini Kuldeep , Garg Ashok Kumar , Krishan Gopal , Parkash Om
Published: September 2023

The paper focuses on the modelling, analysis and design of disc brake under tragic situations for maximizing the heat dissipation and minimizing the brake release period. The main objective of this paper is to examine and analyze the temperature distribution in disc brake during tragic running condition. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) techniques are used to envisage the temperature distribution and to spot the critical temperature on the disc for diverse materials using analysis software COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS. The brake disc model is analysed for four different materials with simple geometry. The basic features of the disc brake are designed based on the three modes of heat transfer i.e. conduction, convection and radiation and are analyzed using COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS. The results obtained from the analysis illustrate diverse temperature characteristics for each material. Finally, a comparison is made for four different materials and the best material is selected under given constraints by optimizing the rate of heat dissipation and brake release time.
Fabrication of Nanostructured Coatings
Authors: Singh Harminder
Published: September 2023

The outstanding thermal, mechanical, electrical and electronic properties of nanocrystalline materials and carbon nanotubes hasattracted considerable research interests, and is now one of the major identifiable activities for material scientists. However, the practical and commercial use of these materials requires efficient processing methods, which needs to be compatible with the existing processes. One of the problems limiting their application is preparation of these materials. Currently, these materials have been prepared in the laboratory by traditional method of compacting the metallic powders which consist of particles at nanoscale. This method has many limitations to achieve properties required at nanoscale. The development of surface nanostructured coatings has been considered as potential industrial application. The nanostructured coatings can be formed by various methods such as physical vapour deposition (PVD), sputtering, chemical vapour deposition (CVD), electrochemical deposition, electrospark deposition. This study has reviewed the formation of nanocoatings by different processes, with emphasis on embedding carbon nanotubes in coating structure.
Friction Stir Welding of Magnesium Alloys: A Review
Authors: Singh Kulwant , Singh Gurbhinder , Singh Harmeet
Published: September 2023

The Increasing global demands for energy conservation and environmental protection have encouraged manufacturers to develop lightweight components. Magnesium alloys are characterized by unique properties and offer opportunities for lightweight applications. There is a challenge to join the materials with a variety of applications along with cheaper value and high strength to weight ratio. Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid state joining process used for light weight alloys. In this article, the recent developments of the FSW of magnesium alloys are reviewed to assist researchers to develop an in-depth understanding of the current state of the Friction Stir Welding of Magnesium Alloys.
Review of Equal Channel Angular Pressing System
Authors: Rajmane Umesh C.
Published: September 2023

Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) is a forming procedure. The Equal Channel Angular Pressing is a hardening treatment with which ductile metals can be processed to refine their grain and sub-grain structure. This process enhances the mechanical strength of metals in terms of tensile strength, stress-controlled fatigue strength, and fatigue crack growth resistance. The Equal Channel Angular Pressing is a hardening treatment with which ductile metals can be processed to refine their grain and sub-grain structure. This process enhances the mechanical strength of metals in terms of tensile strength, stress-controlled fatigue strength, and fatigue crack growth resistance. In this review, underline some critical aspects that have to be more investigated.
Effect of Inclination on Efficiency of Heat Pipe
Authors: Kabnure Bahubali B. , Patil Rajkumar.D.
Published: September 2023

Heat pipes are used in several applications, where one has limited space and the necessity of a high heat flux. Of course it is still in use in space applications, but it is also used in heat transfer systems, cooling of computers, cell phones and cooling of solar collectors. Especially for micro applications there is micro heat pipes developed as for cooling the kernel of a cell phone down. Due to limited space in personal computers and the growing computational power it was necessary to find a new way to cool the processors down. By means of a heat pipe it is possible to connect the processor cooling unit to a bigger cooling unit fixed at the outside to cart of the energy.In this paper, different tests were carried out at the different angle of inclination of heat pipe having same current and voltage. The efficiencies at each angle of inclination are calculated from the obtained data.
Design, Manufacturing and Analysis of Alloy Steel Brake Disc
Authors: Badkar P. S. , Kalai D. M.
Published: September 2023

Each single system has been studied and developed in ordered to meet the safety requirement. Instead of having air bag, good suspension systems, good handling and safe cornering, there is one most critical system in the vehicle which is brake system. Without brake system in the vehicle will put a passenger in unsafe position. Therefore, it is must for all vehicles to have proper brake system. In this paper alloy steel disc brake material use for calculating normal force, shear force and piston force And also calculating the brake distance of disc brake. The standard disc brakes two wheelers model using in ANSYS and done the Thermal analysis and Model analysis also calculate the Heat flux and Temperature of disc brake model. This is important to understand action force and friction force on the disc brake new material, how disc brake works more efficiently, which can help to reduce the accident that may happen in each day.
Design of Milling Fixture in Mass Production of Pivot Block
Authors: Patil Rajkumar.D. , Dinesh Dothre , Sachin Hegade , Vishal Killedar
Published: September 2023

Fixtures are essential elements of production processes as they are required in most of the automated manufacturing, inspection, and assembly operations. Mass production methods demand a fast and easy method of positioning work for accurate operations on it. Jigs and fixtures are production tools used to accurately manufacture duplicate and interchangeable parts. This paper aims at the Design of milling fixture using CATIA software. A milling fixture is used to hold and support the work piece in proper position during the milling operation. It is the manually operated simple milling fixture. Use of this milling fixture causes ease in operation, cost reduction, easy maintenance and replacement. In today’s fast growing industrial sector this milling fixture plays very important role by saving time to achieve quality work pieces and components.
Heat Transfer Enhancement Using Electrohydrodynamic and Magnetohydrodynamic Techniques: A Review
Authors: Mane Nikhil S. , Hargude Mukund L. , Mali Mahesh
Published: September 2023

Increasing heat transfer from heat exchangers using different active and passive techniques is main focus of many researchers. Heat transfer enhancement saves energy and decreases the size of heat transfer equipments and as heat transfer equipments are used in many industries the effect of these new techniques can be implemented at number of applications. The heat transfer enhancement is mostly concentrated in the area of extended surfaces but many new and innovative techniques are also emerging in the research.Electrohydrodynamics and Magnetohydrodynamics are the newly developed techniques which can be used to enhance the heat transfer in many processes. This paper provides a review on the use of electrohydrodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic techniques in heat transfer enhancement with their different accepts.
Thermal Performance of Solar Cooker Based on Evacuated Tube Collector and PCM Storage Unit
Authors: Saini Surjeet , Kumar Narender
Published: September 2023

In this experimental set up, solar cooker with thermal storage unit was connected to evacuated tube collector through connecting pipes via a low flow rate pump. The design of solar cooker was such that the following fluid transfers its heat to PCM and cooking vessel simultaneously. Commercial grade acetanilide was used as latent heat storage material in the solar cooker. Cooking experiments were conducted during noon and evening with different loads and PCM storage processes were carried out simultaneously. The result include that cooking lunch for a family is possible simultaneously with heat storage along the day. Closing gate valves afterward allows cooking the dinner with the retained heat up to late evening. This expands the applicability of solar cooking and sustains the possibility of all the day around cooking using solar energy with a low inventory cost.
Experimental Study of Double Slope Solar Distillation with and without Effect of Latent Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Husainy Avesahemad S. N. , Karangale Omkar S. , Shinde Vinayak Y.
Published: September 2023

Hygienic drinkable water is a basic necessity for man along with food and air. Fresh water is also required for agricultural and industrial purposes. Most water sources are contaminated by industrial waste, sewage and agricultural runoff. The higher growth rate in world population and industries resulted water in a large acceleration of demand for fresh water.The natural source can meet a limited demand and this leads to acute shortage of fresh water. Hence, there is an issue to essentially treat the salt and contaminated into purified water. There are several methods to convert impure water into potable water for drinking, but out of them thermal method is economically viable. In this paper experimentation were carried out on two different setups of double slope single basin solar still with and without thermal energy storage by phase change material.
Synthesis, XRD & SEM Studies of Heusler Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Dhanal S. V. , Kori S. A. , Akkimardi V. G. , Mokashi M. S.
Published: September 2023

Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloys (FSMAs) are the materials that responds to externally applied magnetic field similar to magnetostriction, but with vastly greater strain. These alloys are becoming an important element of sensor and actuator materials due to their large magnetic-field-induced strain and shape memory effect in recent years. In this work the structural parameters of relatively new Ni-Mn-Al and Ni-Mn-Sn Heusler FSMA were observed by X-Ray diffraction (XRD).In order to investigate the morphologies and microstructures of the inter layer matrix and filler of the prepared alloy, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) wasused for the observations. The alloy samples were prepared using vacuum arc melting technique. The average crystalline size was determined by using Scherrer equation.
Selection of the Disc Brake Material Using Pin on Disc Apparatus: A Review
Authors: Singh Harvinder
Published: September 2023

An automobile brake disc is a device used for slowing or stopping the motion of a wheel while it runs at certain speed. The mostly used brake disc material is cast iron which consumes much fuel due to high specific gravity. The main aim is to develop the material selection and select optimum material for the application of brake disc system for better working. The paper describes the tribological behavior of the conventional materials i.e. Gray cast Iron, Structural steel, Aluminum and High speed steel (HSS). In this paper to check major tribiological parameters for these four materials and try to suggest better new material compared to conventional existing material. After Test on wear machine we find the best suitable material for disc brake applications because of its low wear rate, low frictional force, low coefficient of friction, low cost, better mechanical properties than other.
Comparative Study of Al2O3 Nanofluid Heat Pipes Using Various Inclinations with Water Based Heat Pipes
Authors: Hinge Hrishikesh , Dhokane N. T. , Barhatte S. H.
Published: September 2023

An experimental study is carried out in order to quantify the net heat transfer from evaporator region of a heat pipe to the cold water poured inside cooling water pot mounted on the condenser end of the heat pipe. For this purpose a setup is designed in order to accommodate five heat pipes out of which four of them are charged with nanofluid in the increasing order such that the concentrations by the total volume of working fluid were 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.6% and 1% respectively and remaining one consisting pure water. For preparation of nanofluids water is used as the base fluid because of its reliability to high temperature and ease of availability. Nanoparticles of the size of 100nm were manufactured in nanolabs and TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) analysis is carried out. 20 RTDs (4 RTDs for each heat pipe) were used to measure the local wall temperature; five heaters are mounted at the bottom of heat pipe to heat the evaporator region of heat pipe, and a control panel consisting of temperature indicator, voltmeter and ammeter. A heat input in the steps of 25W is given to the evaporator and the performance is monitored for various concentrations by varying inclinations of heat pipes with respect to horizontal. The tests are stopped after a heat input of 100W. All the tried inclinations (30⁰,45⁰,60⁰,90⁰) proved that there is increase in the net heat transfer rate when heat pipes are charged with nanofluids than that of water.
A cluster of dysmorphologies in a male human body: The value of anatomical variants in health sciences student training
Authors:   School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Bosman Pieter-Jan , Surandernath Surasha M. ,   School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Quinton Baron ,   School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Ziqubu Daniel ,   School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Khan Muhammad ,   School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Asmal Faatimah ,   School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Kramer Beverley ,   School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Published: September 2023

The human body is known to contain many variations in its normal structure which, while of interest to teachers of anatomy, may be vexing to health sciences students when compared to the description of “normal” anatomy in their textbooks. However, these variations, and even dysmorphologies, pose interesting and sometimes challenging learning experiences to students during dissection of the body. Such an instance occurred for undergraduate medical students in the School of Anatomical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa, when three unrelated dysmorphologies were discovered while undertaking a full dissection of a donor’s body. An aberrant right subclavian artery was found in the thoracic cavity and two further dysmorphologies, a supernumerary kidney and accessory indentations on the diaphragmatic surface of the liver presented on dissection of the abdominal cavity. The aberrant right subclavian conformed with previous descriptions of the anomaly. However, the supernumerary kidney lacked a ureter, was lobulated and contained large blood-filled spaces, with histological evidence of urinary tubules in the intervening connective tissue. The accessory hepatic indentations varied in depth, with the deeper one forming a fissure and the less deep indentation, a sulcus. While the described dysmorphologies vary in their incidence, the occurrence of a cluster of three within one body provided a significant opportunity for the students to review the normal anatomy, and especially the complex development of the structures, as well as the clinical significance of each.
Possible protective role of neutraceuticals in chronic intervertebral disc degeneration – A histological study
Authors:   Rawal Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan, Mushtaq Fareeha , Ali Humaira ,   Swat Medical College, Saidu sharif, Swat, Pakistan, Rauf Shan E ,   Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, Qamar Abdullah ,   Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, Ali Ayesha ,   Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, Khalid Rabya ,   Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, Shoaib Amna ,   Al Nafees Medical College, Islamabad, Pakistan
Published: September 2023

The aim of the study was to observe the effects of immobilization on the histomorphology of rats’ intervertebral disc (IVD) and observe the protective effects of widely used neutraceuticals, Omega 3 fatty acids and Co-enzyme Q 10 (CoQ10) on it. The animal experimental study was carried out in the National Institute of Health, Islamabad in collaboration with the Anatomy Department, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi. Forty Sprague Dawley rats, weighing 250-300g, were chosen and grouped into 4 equal sets. Control group A was fed normal lab diet. In experimental group B, along with the lab diet, an Ilizarov apparatus was applied to the rats’ tails for immobilization. In experimental groups C and D, the rats’ tails were immobilized and given Omega 3 fatty acids (260 mg/kg body weight) and CoQ 10 (150 mg/kg body weight) through oral gavage. At completion of the study, IVDs of rats were analysed to see the histologic changes in the nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF). All the samples showed normal findings for NP in control group A. Degenerative changes were more significant in group B (p-value = 0.001) as compared to group C (p-value=0.005) and D (p-value=0.003). All the samples showed normal findings for AF in control group A. Degenerative changes were more significant in group B (p-value =0.000) as compared to group C (p-value=0.011) and D(p-value=0.003). Chronic immobilization of vertebral column induces degenerative changes in the cellular and matrix content of Intervertebral discs. However, consumption of neutraceuticals mitigates the consequences.
The unfamiliar entity in an unfamiliar location - Stafne bone cavity (Ramus variant)
Authors:   Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore - 570 015, India, Patil Karthikeya , Sanjay C.J. ,   Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore - 570 015, India, Suresh Namrata ,   Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore - 570 015, India, Solayappan Eswari ,   Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore - 570 015, India
Published: September 2023

Identifying Stafne bone cavities of the ramus mimics early diagnosis of cysts or tumours. In contrast, failure to recognize them can result in incorrect diagnoses and ineffective treatments. Clinical and radiological characteristics using orthopantomogram and cone beam computed tomography to make clinicians aware of such entities and help distinguish between this anatomical variant from benign tumours or cysts. This report attempts to broaden the understanding of this rare entity, as, to the best of our knowledge, only 10 cases of the ramus variant of Stafne bone cavities have been reported in the literature.
Expresiones antifeministas en YouTube. Un análisis discursivo del youtuber Roma Gallardo
Authors: Del Pino Díaz David
Published: September 2023

El creciente número de youtubers críticos con el movimiento feminista ha supuesto un verdadero acontecimiento en los últimos años coincidiendo con la consolidación de la cuarta ola feminista a partir de 2018. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la estructura ideológica del conocido youtuber Roma Gallardo. A este fin, se emplea tanto un análisis cuantitativo a través de la herramienta Social Blade, como de un análisis cualitativo mediante la técnica de análisis del discurso sobre una muestra de 20 vídeos entre 2019 y 2022. Los resultados demuestran que el discurso de Roma Gallardo se articula en torno a tres ejes ideológicos: la ridiculización del feminismo, la recomposición del espacio social masculino y la banalización y burla de la violencia que sufren las mujeres. Finalmente, la estrategia discursiva del youtuber busca imponer una mirada de la realidad social sin imposiciones ideológicas.
Eschatologiczne poglądy mieszkańców Krakowa doby reformacji
Authors: Kowalski Waldermar
Published: September 2023

Podstawą niniejszego opracowania jest sześćdziesiąt sześć testamentów z lat 1539-1635, które trafiły do akt władz miejskich. Jest to wybór obejmujący testamenty zawierające niezwykle wyartykułowane przekonania eschatologiczne, co oznacza, że wykraczają one poza schematyczne deklaracje dotyczące nieuchronności śmierci.Testatorzy reprezentują miejskie elity, pospólstwo, a także kilku dworzan. Trzydziestu dwóch spadkodawców jest katolikami i, choć rzadko jest to wyrażane wprost, wybór cmentarza parafii Mariackiej zwykle świadczy o ich przynależności do tej wiary. Wśród protestantów znalazło się dziesięciu ewangelików i jeden antytrynitarz. Skłonności religijne trzydziestu sześciu procent spadkodawców pozostają niejasne.Nie ma przesłanek, by przypuszczać, że krakowianie po prostu powtarzali zasugerowane formuły, które nie przemawiały za ich przekonaniami. W przeciwieństwie do Anglii Tudorów, wolność religijna w ówczesnej Polsce oznaczała, że preambuły religijne nie musiały być uzależnione od koniunktur politycznych.Zarówno ewangelicy, jak i katolicy deklarowali swoje uczestnictwo w Kościele powszechnym, wywodzącym się z Biblii i Symbolu Apostolskiego, przy czym ewangelików łączyła jedność wiary z innymi kościołami narodowymi. Według katolików Chrystus jest głową Kościoła Kościoła, a nigdy nie wspomina się o papieżu i hierarchii. Przekonanie, że poza Kościołem rzymskim nie ma zbawienia, nie zostało ujawnione wcześniej niż w 1600 roku. Zarówno ewangelicy, jak i katolicy wyrażają przekonanie, że zbawienie jest możliwe dzięki zasługom ukrzyżowania, które odpuszcza grzechy. Nie można jednak stwierdzić, czy katoliccy testatorzy wierzyli w usprawiedliwienie przez samą wiarę. Z drugiej strony, nikt nie odnosi się do tradycyjnie ważnych środków zbawienia, takich jak zasługi i sakramenty. Tylko nieliczni testatorzy wzywają wstawiennictwa Maryi i świętych, o których wspomina się zbiorowo i nie wcześniej niż w 1581 roku. Koresponduje to z obserwacją, że w krakowskich epitafiach powstałych w ostatnich dekadach XVI wieku nie występują święci patroni. Czyściec również nie pojawia się w testamentach. Doktryna "wybranych" znajduje odzwierciedlenie w niektórych testamentach krakowskich ewangelików i katolików. Preambuły religijne większości testatorów uniemożliwiają identyfikację ich wyznania. Testamenty katolickie, choć rzadko znajdują się na granicy ortodoksji, nie zawierają wspomnianych wyżej dogmatów typowych dla katolicyzmu jako zasady. Te same ireniczne poglądy zaobserwowano w odniesieniu do Anglii i niektórych ziem niemieckich. Nie sposób zgadnąć, ilu krakowian podzielało te poglądy między latami sześćdziesiątymi a dwudziestymi XVI wieku.
POLITICAL THEORY WORKS WITH POPULISM: A STUDY
Authors: , Afshan Iqbal Dr. Hafiz Hammaduddin, Sumayya Akhter
Published: September 2023

Populism is a global trend that's hard to pin down. Its meaning varies across different cultures, making it a challenge for political experts to define universally. To truly understand populism, one must look at the historical and social contexts of where it arises. At its core, populism is deeply connected to democratic ideals, emphasizing the importance of the nation and its people. However, it often morphs these principles, prioritizing certain groups over others, usually under the guidance of a magnetic leader who draws strength from their followers. Even though it's rooted in democratic thought, populism can sometimes conflict with the established rules of constitutional democracy. This piece delves into the ever-changing nature of populism, its relationship with democratic governance, and the ways it's perceived today. It also sheds light on how populism, when in power, can alter fundamental democratic concepts like the definition of "the people", the importance of elections, and the essence of representation.
PAKISTAN-POLAND RELATIONS: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
Authors: Dr. Ayesha Ashfaq
Published: September 2023

In the 21st century, the world has undergone profound changes, characterized by the emergence of multipolar dynamics. This phenomenon has woven intricate patterns of formal relations among states in a new way, making them more complex and diverse than ever before. As a result, the primary goal of the states in the present political environment is to construct new forms of relationships with other states. In this context, Pakistan and Poland are determined to establish diplomatic, strategic, defensive, economic, social, and cultural ties with each other, all the while taking into account their respective national interests. The diplomatic relationship between Pakistan and Poland traced its origins to 1962; however, this relationship received limited media coverage from both countries during the Cold War era. It was after President Pervez Musharraf’s visit to Poland in 2007 that the two countries revitalized their collaboration in various development programs, ushering in a fresh epoch of relations. In today’s world, where globalization, multilateralization, diversification of foreign relations, and international integration are prevailing trends, both countries hold vast significance in global politics and international stability owing to their strategic locations. Establishing relations based on mutual understanding, trust, equality, and reciprocity between Pakistan and Poland can play a significant role in promoting peace, prosperity, and stability not only within the two countries and their regions but for the world as a whole. Through mutual cooperation, Pakistan and Poland, particularly Pakistan, can overcome political constraints and successfully achieve their development goals. However, both countries also face several challenges such as national and regional security, human rights violations, terrorism, economic downturns, political discrimination, and regional and international political pressures that can affect their friendly relationship. This research study identifies several new opportunities in various sectors that both countries can gain through mutual understanding and cooperation. It also reveals certain challenges that Poland and Pakistan may encounter. Moreover, the study provides recommendations on how both countries can achieve their development goals through mutual cooperation.
RECONNOITERING TEACHERS' PERCEPTION ABOUT INCLUSIVE EDUCATION AT QUETTA CITY BALUCHISTAN
Authors: , Dr. Khurram Khan Alwi Khadija Karim, Dr. Sheikh Muhammed Irfan
Published: September 2023

The purpose of present study is to find out the perceptions of primary school teachers on inclusive education based on various variables and demographic characteristics. A quantitative study has been done to collect the data from 300 sample of public primary school teachers from Quetta district through convenient sampling technique . Data was entered in SPSS with coding process and data was analyzed through descriptive and inferential analysis to determine the teachers perceptions about inclusive education based on various variables and demographic characteristics. The findings of the study shows that the teachers respond positively for inclusive education hence, it requires more knowledge and trainings to make inclusion conducive . In addition, regular schools should be improved by bringing attitudinal and structural changes so the child can be friendly treated and accommodated with special needs in the general classrooms.
BENAZIR BHUTTO: DEMOCRACY AN ANTITHESIS TO VIOLENT EXTREMISM IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Dr. Shabana Fayyaz
Published: September 2023

Pakistan's political leaders tend to understand the urgency to undo the menace of internal cleavages in the name of religion, sectarianism, and ethnicity - often manipulated by external elements. In her book "Reconciliation: Islam, Democracy, and the West," (Benazir, 2008)written just before her assassination and published shortly after, the late Benazir Bhutto argues that Pakistan under military dictatorship had become an epicenter of an international terrorist movement that had two primary aims: "First, the extremists aim to reconstitute the concept of the caliphate, a political state encompassing the great Ummah (Muslim community) populations of the world," and the second aim of the militants was "to provoke a clash of civilisations between the West and an interpretation of Islam that rejects pluralism and modernity (Benazir, 2008). "This statement underscores the depth of the Late Benazir Bhutto's understanding of the religious extremism and terrorism that Pakistan continues to face to date. To dwell more deeply into the subject, multi-layered queries are discussed: What are the definitional imperatives of an extremist? What ecosystem is conducive to nurturing violent radicals or extremists, and how does ideology impact politically violent organizations or individuals? Finally, how to reign in the tide of violent extremism that curtails democracy to a great extent? All these questions will be anchored in the thought pattern of the late Benazir Bhutto, that met with partial success during her two stints in power. The thrust of the present research study is to highlight the perception of the political leader who professed in her writings and public appearances at the national, regional or global forums stressing an intricate linkage between Islam and democracy as a most plausible way for global peace and security on the sustainable grounds. That is, Pakistan's future is based on embracing democracy in letter and spirit. Methodologically, a discourse analysis approach is adopted which is a branch of linguistics that focuses on studying language, communication and social interactions within specific contexts. This approach highlights the delicacies of reconcilability between Islam and Democracy, by taking on the following mold.
Epistemology as a compass
Authors: Charmillot Maryvonne
Published: September 2023

What should we do then when we do not feel comfortable with the dominant way of considering the construction of knowledge? When one has the feeling that epistemic injustices are emerging, that neutrality produces violence? I propose to answer these questions by tracing the construction of the posture I adopt today in my research and teaching of female students in education sciences at the University of Geneva as well as at the Doctoral School in Education Sciences (EDSE). In line with the title of this paper, I consider the notion of epistemological posture as a "space for ethical reflection", i.e. a "space for reflection on how to 'direct one's conduct' as a researcher" (Matthey, 2005). The construction of this space is a journey of encounters and links. It requires audacity and authorisation, often confronts researchers with adversity and sometimes plunges them into solitude. Seeking alternatives to positivism places researchers in minority positions that force them to constantly justify themselves in relation to the dominant scientific norms.
Konsep Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Terhadap Kesejahteraan Rakyat di Era Tantangan Digital
Authors: Rahman Hakim Arif
Published: September 2023

Perkembangan teknologi digital telah membawa tantangan baru dalam pengelolaan sumber daya manusia dan kesejahteraan masyarakat di era modern. Konsep manajemen SDM telah menjadi fokus utama organisasi dalam menghadapi perubahan. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis bagaimana konsep manajemen SDM dapat mempengaruhi kesejahteraan rakyat di tengah tantangan digital. Studi ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif untuk mempelajari literatur terkait dan menggali pemahaman mendalam tentang konsep manajemen SDM. Temuan utama menunjukkan bahwa peran manajemen SDM sangat penting dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan rakyat di era tantangan digital. Manajemen SDM yang efektif melibatkan pengembangan keterampilan digital, pemilihan, dan penempatan tenaga kerja yang tepat, serta pengelolaan kinerja yang efisien. Dukungan yang tepat dari manajemen dan penggunaan teknologi yang cerdas dapat meningkatkan produktivitas dan kesejahteraan karyawan. organisasi untuk mengadopsi kebijakan fleksibilitas kerja yang memungkinkan keseimbangan antara kehidupan kerja dan kehidupan pribadi. Penggunaan alat digital yang tepat, sistem manajemen kinerja berbasis teknologi, dapat membantu memonitor dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan. Hasil penelitian Untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan rakyat secara keseluruhan, pemerintah juga harus berperan aktif dalam menciptakan lingkungan yang kondusif untuk pengembangan SDM. Hal ini dapat dilakukan melalui kebijakan pendidikan yang memperkuat keterampilan digital, regulasi yang mendukung inovasi teknologi, dan pembangunan infrastruktur digital yang memadai. konsep manajemen SDM memiliki peran krusial dalam mempengaruhi kesejahteraan rakyat di era tantangan digital. Dalam menghadapi perubahan ini, organisasi perlu mengadopsi strategi yang adaptif dan inovatif, serta mengutamakan kesejahteraan. pemerintah dapat menciptakan kondisi mendukung pengembangan SDM dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan rakyat secara menyeluruh.
Hepatotoxic alterations due to sodium fluoride-induced toxicity in Clarius batrachus
Authors: Tyagi Saya , Kumari Sweety , Rastogi Nandini , Gupta Varsha , Tripathi Rashmi
Published: September 2023

Although fluoride can be found in nature in a variety of forms and has been widely used in different products. The amount of fluoride higher than the permissible limit is toxic to liver. Fluoride in drinking water in excess (>1.5 mg/l) is unhealthy. Given that fluoride toxicity has been classified as an endemic factor for liver diseases in several nations. It is crucial to pay close attention to the precise toxic effects of fluoride on different aquatic animals. Fluoride is toxic to all the system and causes oxidative stress in various tissues and has been demonstrated to have a number of negative consequences on human and aquatic health. The study was conducted to observe the hepatotoxicity in C. batrachus due to fluoride exposure. Changes in behavior could be read as exact indicators of a stressful environment. Fish are an efficient bioindicator of a hazardous environment because they can absorb fluoride from food and water. The toxicity of sodium fluoride (NaF) in fish was evaluated after acute exposure for 10 days. To evaluate the hepatotoxicity caused due to fluoride exposure three groups were set up, control, high dose (87.48 mg/l), and low dose (34.975 mg/l). The behavioral and biochemical parameters in the liver were evaluated. Results show that a high dose of fluoride is more toxic to the liver in contrast to the control group. Characteristic behavioral changes such as hyperactivity, frequent surfacing activity, a vertical swimming pattern, a high heart rate, and low oxygen saturation were observed in C. batrachus.
A Comprehensive Review on Application of Sonochemistry
Authors: Akhter Shumaila , Fatima Aroog , Nawaz Zarqa , Fatima Miraj , Akhter Sidra , Aslam Samina
Published: September 2023

As nanomaterials are turning into high demand products due to use in many applications, the sonoelectrochemistry method may be accessible to yield these nanomaterials at industrial significant measures. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to give a brief summary of recent developments in sonoelectrochemistry for generating numerous kinds of nanomaterials. It is expected that the analysis of these studies will produce further importance in the field, to fuel further research of novel nanomaterials as well as driving this technology is becoming a commercially practical synthetic technique. The subsequent units of this review report the use and improvements in sonoelectrochemical processes in the production of numerous electrocatalytic materials applications in electrolyzes, fuel cell technologies, and the degradation of many organic pollutants. The experimental procedures of sonoelectrochemical techniques are examined by this review that are commonly used in the synthesis of materials, particularly in electro catalysis. The trials facing sonoelectrochemical processes engaged in hydrogen making through water-splitting, degradation of organic pollutants, are discussed.