bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Financial status and literacy among residents and medical students
Authors: Nowotny Dustin J
Published: March 2022

Background

There is a wide perception of physicians as having minimal financial literacy, and this assumption is perpetuated through the community as the “Dumb Doctor” persona relating to financial management. This study examined medical student and resident financial behaviors and assessed their level of financial literacy using previously validated questions within the survey tool.

Methods

Two surveys were distributed to medical students and residents, 1 survey each, who are part of a single medical education system. After the initial email request, 2 additional email requests were sent at 2 and 6 weeks. Using the validated questions, “The Big 3” and “The Big 5,” the level of financial literacy was assessed.

Results

Of the 461 possible respondents, 261 trainees responded with 65 residents and 196 medical students, for a response rate of 57%. Financial literacy was demonstrated to be higher than the average adult with 60% answering all 3 of “Big 3” correctly, compared to national average of 30%. Investment-based questions were the most difficult with 16% correct for bond price activity and 70% for stock risk. There is high level of interest with 93% open to education on financial topics.

Conclusion

This study showed that this cohort of medical trainees demonstrated better financial habits and a very high level of financial literacy compared to the general population. There are areas surrounding investment principles that provide an opportunity to improve their financial literacy and would likely be well received based on the high level of interest for more education.
Negotiating Access and Privilege: Politics of Female Participation and Representation in Nigeria
Authors: Ette Mercy , Akpan-Obong Patience
Published: March 2022

The underrepresentation of women in politics and factors that constrain their participation are core concerns for many scholars. This qualitative research goes beyond that to examine how women politicians negotiate those constraints in Nigeria. It provides a platform for women to articulate their experiences in a society where politics is masculinized and women’s subordination to male authority is considered a virtue. The study outlines how women have strategized pathways through patriarchal structures by deploying their femininity. It makes valuable contributions to the literature by accentuating the resilience of women in contexts where electoral dynamics undermine their participation and make access to the political space a privilege.
“It's a Little, Tiny Process”: Gentrification, Inequality, and Fragmented Resistance to School Choice
Authors: Gordon Hava Rachel
Published: March 2022

This article investigates why popular support for neighborhood schools does not translate into stronger multi-racial and multi-class coalitions for neighborhood schools in the face of school choice systems and school closures. Using a critical place perspective, this article illustrates how place-based urban inequities facilitate fragmented resistances to school choice. Racialized dispossession, the post-Civil Rights abandonment of poor and working-class Black political interests, and a broader strategy to bring affluent populations to the city core are all hallmarks of neoliberal urban development. These contexts shape and fatigue small-scale, ephemeral, and fragmented movements for neighborhood schools, inhibiting the formation of movement coalitions.
Ecosystemic and Situational Determinants in the Onset of Youth-Perpetrated Sexual Offending
Authors: Molnar Timea , Rynne John , Allard Troy , McKillop Nadine
Published: March 2022

This study examined specific circumstances precipitating onset sexual offenses in a sample of 278 Australian male youth who have sexually harmed. Offense narratives—a description of how the onset offense was initiated, interactions and behavior that took place leading up to, and during, the offense, and how the offense ended—were qualitatively coded to identify how the sexual offense incidents manifested, particularly the motivations that interacted with opportunities to engage in sexual offending behavior for the first time. Three overarching themes emerged: sexual curiosity and/or gratification in the context of usual activities, broader non-sexual offending behavior that resulted in an opportunistic encounter with the victim, and peer-related influences in the manifestation of sexual offending. The findings highlight the importance of ecosystemic and situational factors in the commission of youth-perpetrated sexual offending which could be addressed to prevent sexual violence.
Improving the Mental Health of Correctional Workers: Perspectives From the Field
Authors: Johnston Matthew S. , Ricciardelli Rosemary , McKendy Laura
Published: March 2022

Researchers illuminate the mental health plight of correctional workers by demonstrating a high prevalence of mental health disorders among the group. Yet, structural barriers persist in preventing correctional staff from accessing treatment and support—barriers that may result in more prolonged and pronounced symptoms. We consider correctional staff perspectives on how mental health policies at the organizational level can foster better well-being outcomes for employees. Data are drawn from open-ended survey responses from provincial and territorial correctional employees ( N = 870) in Canada. Responses collectively highlight the need for a correctional staff mental health paradigm that reflects the sources of stress among correctional workers, including access to specialized mental health services that are easily accessible, immediately available, and comprehensive in nature. Additional aspects of the work environment were identified as venues for important change, including improvements in work and schedule structures, improved manager–staff relations, and changes to the physical environment.
Unveiling cognitive structure and comparative advantages of countries in knowledge domains
Authors: Muñoz-Écija Teresa , Vargas-Quesada Benjamín , Chinchilla-Rodríguez Zaida
Published: March 2022

Mapping and depicting the structure, dynamics and national specialisation profiles of scientific fields at the country level affords a better understanding of national developments and changes in a given field, particularly when these changes may serve as an aid in decision-making with regard to research management. This article looks at the cognitive structure of a field over time to characterise its development across countries and to appraise the competitiveness of countries in terms of research specialisation. Based on a dataset extracted from the Scopus database, we conducted a co-word analysis and studied the degree of specialisation based on publications and on keywords, in the Nanoscience and Nanotechnology field (NST). The results reveal that NST research tends to focus on nano applications and devices. According to the keyword activity index, the countries studied centre their specialisation on electronic, biotechnology and biomedical research, certain countries showing a more competitive edge in the global realm of output. Accordingly, implications that could contribute to decision-making regarding the economy and research policies are described.
Pseudoreticulocytosis by the ADVIA 2120 Hematology Analyzer and Other Hematologic Changes in a Cynomolgus Macaque (Macaca fascicularis) With Malaria
Authors: Sharma Diya , Priest Heather , Wilcox Angela
Published: March 2022

Important hematologic changes can be observed in nonhuman primates with malaria, including inaccurate reticulocyte counts by the ADVIA 2120 hematology analyzer. A 5-year-old male purpose-bred cynomolgus macaque ( Macaca fascicularis) imported from a commercial source in Cambodia was enrolled in a nonclinical toxicity study investigating the effects of an immunomodulatory pharmaceutical agent. On study day 22, an increase in large unstained cells (LUCs), due to increased monocytes (2.20 × 103/µl, reference interval: 0.17-0.76 × 103/µl), was reported by the analyzer during a scheduled hematologic evaluation, which prompted blood smear review and revealed that the macaque had a high burden of Plasmodium spp.. The macaque did not have clinical signs for the infection at this time point. Progressively higher parasite burdens and persistently increased monocytes (markedly increased by study day 56, 10.38 × 103/µl) were observed at subsequent hematologic evaluations. New Methylene Blue stain manual reticulocyte counts were performed on study day 43 and at later time points, and showed that the analyzer reported erroneous higher reticulocyte counts (study day 43: +6.7%, +266.2 × 109/L; study day 50: +18.9%, +409.8 × 109/L) compared with the manual reticulocyte counts (pseudoreticulocytosis). The magnitude of regenerative response was considered inadequate for the severity of anemia at these time points. Atypical reticulocyte scatter plot distributions from the analyzer were also observed at time points with high parasite burdens, and combined with increased LUCs, may suggest high burden parasitemia. Verification of automated reticulocyte counts is important in cases with high malarial parasite burdens and the recognition of pseudoreticulocytosis is prudent in assessing appropriateness of the regenerative response. Increases in monocytes correlated with higher parasite burdens and marked increases may be an indicator of advanced disease.
Can Bed-Side Grief Counseling Sessions Enhance Recovery in a Patient With Posttrauma Amputation? A Case Report
Authors: Mir N.  , Maqbool M.  , Sagar R.  , Sagar S.
Published: March 2022

Amputation is the surgical removal of all or part of a body part. It demands an adjustment in almost every sphere of a person’s life in addition to physical disability. An amputee faces problems in almost every psychosocial sphere. 1 , 2 Along with physical pain in the stump, patients may experience phantom sensations. 3 – 5 Patients may also grieve, feel depressed, and anxious 3 , 6 , 4 , 7 or have posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. 8 , 9 They may be apprehensive about their future plans and inconclusive regarding life challenges. Grief is one of the most common reactions to amputation, 10 , 1 , 7 but often gets neglected in intensive surgical units. 1 Many times, grief reactions are not resolved, turning into complicated grief or prolonged grief, leading to conditions like depression, anxiety, or even suicide. This article is about an attempt to help a patient initiate the grieving process for healthy outcomes.
A framework for knowledge sharing in the art world in Zimbabwe
Authors: Maisiri Esabel , Ngulube Patrick
Published: March 2022

Knowledge sharing is a key facilitator of access and use of conventional knowledge in art mediation during engagement processes in the production, distribution and consumption of legitimate artworks in the art world. This study sought to ascertain the dynamics of knowledge sharing during artistic engagements in indigenous communities of practice. The study followed a phenomenology of practice research strategy. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, observations and document analysis. The data sources were purposively sampled using the maximum variation method. The main findings were that actants in indigenous communities of practice were artists, art collectors, art critics, art dealers, the art market, formal training institutions, cultural institutions and material suppliers. Knowledge sharing interactions took place during trainee mentorship and artists’ collaborative engagements through one-on-one consultations at the socialisation stage; advertising and marketing, branding, public presentations, participation in residency programmes, social networking, sculpting, teaching engagements, running workshops and compiling art reviews at the externalisation stage; art criticism, curatorship and mounting exhibitions during the combination stage and experimentation, model imitation and simulation activities at the internalisation stage. Recommendations are that the indigenous communities of practice should devise knowledge sharing strategies using the knowledge sharing framework developed in this research.
The nature and extent of sexual assault in the sky: Shining a light on a ‘black box’
Authors: Mancini Christina , Budd Kristen M , Brown Bailey M , Hausserman Sami , Smith Sydney
Published: March 2022

Strikingly, federal data sources tracking the nature and extent of sexual assaults that occur aboard airlines are incomplete and typically not released to the public. In order to better understand this relatively hidden social phenomenon, we conducted a content analysis of media reports published over approximately a 20-year period (2000–2020). Within these media reports, we analyzed the incident characteristics of in-flight sexual assaults, reporting behaviors of victims, airline responses to victimization, and criminal justice processes such as adjudication. Findings reveal certain patterns in the coverage concerning victim and perpetrator characteristics, offense characteristics, flight information, and post-offense outcomes. In synthesizing study results, we apply tenets of routine activities theory (RAT) and the #MeToo perspective. We outline implications for future study and policy.
Merry-or-Worry, Illusion
Authors: Bachmann Talis
Published: March 2022

Ambiguous figures (aka bistable, multistable, or reversible images) have fascinated scientists as well as laypersons for centuries. It may be surprising indeed how one and the same physical depiction can be experienced in perceptual awareness in cardinally different ways. In the most well-known examples of such illusions of multistability, the phenomenal change relates just to visual organization. Much less common are perceptions of alternating emotional content in the ambiguous visual image. Here, I introduce one such example.
Safety Effectiveness of the Road Diet Treatment in Rhode Island
Authors: Zhou Yuying , Himes Scott , Le Thanh , Gooch Jeff , Northup Kayla , Pavao Peter
Published: March 2022

A road diet is a low-cost countermeasure which typically involves converting an existing four-lane undivided roadway to a three-lane roadway, reducing the section to two through lanes and a center two-way left-turn lane. The objective of this evaluation was to estimate the safety effectiveness of road diets by developing a crash modification factor (CMF) specific to the U.S. state of Rhode Island. To account for potential selection bias and regression-to-the-mean, an empirical Bayes before-after analysis was conducted, using reference groups of untreated four-lane undivided roadways with similar characteristics to the treated sites. Results indicated a 29% decrease (CMF = 0.71) in total crashes and a 37% reduction in fatal and injury crashes (CMF = 0.63). The expected results of the evaluation will help Rhode Island Department of Transportation to determine a statewide direction for implementation of the countermeasure.
Determining the Impacts of COVID-19 on Urban Deliveries in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte Using Spatial Analysis
Authors: Oliveira Leise Kelli de , Oliveira Isabela Kopperschmidt de , Bertoncini Bruno Vieira , Sousa Livia Sampaio , Santos Junior Jorge Luiz dos
Published: March 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed lifestyles, with consequent impacts on urban freight movements. This paper analyzes the impacts of COVID-19 on urban deliveries in the Belo Horizonte Metropolitan Region, Brazil. The Lee index and the Local Indicator of Spatial Association were calculated using data on urban deliveries (retail and home deliveries) and COVID-19 cases. The results confirmed the negative impacts on retail deliveries and the positive impacts on home deliveries. The spatial analysis demonstrated that the most interconnected cities presented more similar patterns. At the beginning of the pandemic, consumers were considerably concerned about the virus spread, and the changes in consumption behavior were slow. The findings suggest the importance of alternative strategies to traditional retail. In addition, the local infrastructure should adapt to the increased demand for home deliveries during pandemics.
Acute Effect of Pitching on Range of Motion, Strength, and Muscle Architecture
Authors: Mirabito Nicholas S. , Topley Matthew , Thomas Stephen J.
Published: March 2022

Background:

Acute adaptations in clinical measures of range of motion and strength have been found after baseball pitching; however, there is a lack of research concerning the physiological mechanism responsible for these changes. Adaptations in muscle architecture of the infraspinatus and teres minor may serve as the structural changes responsible for these clinical measure changes.

Purpose:

To longitudinally assess the acute changes in range of motion, strength, and muscle architecture of the infraspinatus and teres minor muscles in baseball pitchers after a simulated baseball game. Additionally, we examined the relationship between muscle architecture and changes in clinical measures of range of motion and strength.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Ten healthy nonvarsity collegiate club baseball pitchers (mean ± SD; age, 20.1 ± 1.10 years) were examined pre-pitching, immediately after pitching, and each subsequent day for 5 days after pitching in a simulated baseball game. A digital inclinometer and handheld dynamometer were used to assess range of motion and strength, respectively. Diagnostic ultrasound was used to assess pennation angle and muscle thickness of the infraspinatus and teres minor at rest and at maximal contraction.

Results:

Internal rotation range of motion significantly decreased immediately and did not return to baseline until 4 days after pitching ( P≤ .05). External rotation strength also immediately decreased and returned on the third day after pitching ( P≤ .05). Moreover, the resting pennation angle of the superficial and deep portions of the infraspinatus increased immediately after pitching, with the superficial portion returning to baseline on day 4 and the deep portion returning on day 5 ( P≤ .05). Furthermore, the pennation angle changes of the infraspinatus and thickness of the teres minor were predictive of the loss of internal rotation range of motion after pitching ( R2 = 0.419; P≤ .05).

Conclusion:

This study found diminished internal rotation range of motion and external rotation strength after pitching, with alterations in muscle architecture of the infraspinatus. The pennation angle increase in the infraspinatus at rest is indicative of increased tension in the muscle, which was found to be the underlying mechanism for the clinical loss of internal rotation range of motion. This was demonstrated by the inverse relationship between internal rotation range of motion and the pennation angle of the superficial and deep fibers of the infraspinatus.

Clinical Relevance:

Clinicians should consider recovery time after pitching to prevent chronic losses of shoulder range of motion and strength. Identification of the underlying mechanisms of range of motion loss after pitching allows clinicians to optimize recovery strategies in baseball pitchers.
Evaluation of Febrile Seizure Diagnoses Associated With COVID-19
Authors: Cadet Katsiah , Boegner Jessica , Ceneviva Gary D. , Thomas Neal J. , Krawiec Conrad
Published: March 2022

Background/Objectives

Infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may be associated with febrile seizures, but the overall frequency and outcomes are unknown. The objectives of this study are to (1) determine the frequency of pediatric subjects diagnosed with febrile seizures and COVID-19, (2) evaluate patient characteristics, and (3) describe the treatments (medications and need for invasive mechanical ventilation) applied.

Methods

This was a retrospective study utilizing TriNetX electronic health record data. We included subjects ranging from 0 to 5 years of age with a diagnosis of febrile seizures (R56.00, R56.01) and COVID-19 (U07.1). We extracted the following data: age, race, ethnicity, diagnostic codes, medications, laboratory results, and procedures.

Results

During this study period, 8854 pediatric subjects aged 0-5 years were diagnosed with COVID-19 among 34 health care organizations and 44 (0.5%) were also diagnosed with febrile seizures (simple, 30 [68.2%]; complex, 14 [31.8%]). The median age was 1.5 years (1, 2), there were no reported epilepsy diagnoses, and a proportion required hospitalization (11; 25.0%) and critical care services (4; 9.1%).

Conclusions

COVID-19 infections in children can be associated with febrile seizures. In our study, 0.5% of COVID-19 subjects were diagnosed with febrile seizures and approximately 9% of subjects were reported to require critical care services. Febrile seizures, although serious, are not a commonly diagnosed neurologic manifestation of COVID-19.
Methods for crosslinking and stabilization of chitosan structures for potential medical applications
Authors: Woźniak Anna , Biernat Monika
Published: March 2022

Chitosan is a well-known polymer widely used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. It is biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic, has antibacterial and osteoconductive properties. Chitosan is often used in the form of composites (with the participation of ceramic particles), membranes, hydrogels or nanoparticles. The problem with biomaterials is their low durability, rapid degradation, poor mechanical properties and cytotoxicity. Cross-linking or stabilization of such materials allows for solving these problems. It is important that the compounds used for this purpose exhibit limited or no toxicity. The presented article is a review and presents some methods of cross-linking/stabilization of chitosan structures. The analysis concerns low or non-cytotoxic cross-linking/stabilization methods. The discussed compounds used for the purpose of chitosan structure fixation are: cinnamaldehyde, genipin, L-aspartic acid, vanillin, sodium carbonate, sodium alginate, BGP, ethanol and TPP. There is discussed also a hydrothermal/dehydrothermal method which seems to be promising as it is more advantageous since no additional compounds are introduced into the structure.
A Comparative Analysis of Catheter Directed Thrombolysis with Anticoagulation Alone or Systemic tPA in Acute Pulmonary Embolism with Cor Pulmonale
Authors: Krishnan Anand Muthu , Gadela Naga Vaishnavi , Ramanathan Rudra , Jha Anil , Perkins Michael E. , Metersky Mark L.
Published: March 2022

Background

Pulmonary embolism (PE) with cor pulmonale causes considerable mortality and morbidity. Randomized trials have failed to show a mortality difference between treatment modalities including anticoagulation (AC), Catheter directed thrombolysis (CDT) and systemic tPA (tissue plasminogen activator).

Methods

This is a cross-sectional retrospective case-control study utilizing the 2017 National Inpatient Sample (NIS). Patients admitted with acute PE with cor pulmonale were divided into groups based on whether they received anticoagulation, CDT or systemic tPA based on appropriate ICD-10 PCS codes. The AC group and CDT group were compared using univariate and multivariate analyses after adjusting for age, gender, race, comorbidities, insurance status and Charlson comorbidity index (CCI). Secondary outcomes included factors influencing length of stay (LOS) and total charges incurred. Similar analyses were done to compare the CDT group with the tPA group.

Results

In 2017, 13240 patients were admitted with acute PE and cor pulmonale, of whom 18% underwent CDT, 10% underwent systemic tPA and 72% underwent AC alone. Patients who received CDT over AC alone were significantly younger (61.5 vs. 65.5, p = 0.00). Mortality rate overall was 4.8% with tPA group, CDT group and AC alone group having a 11.2%, 3.0% and 4.4% mortality rate respectively. On multivariate analyses, there was no significant mortality difference between the CDT and AC groups (aOR 0.61, 0.34-1.1 95%CI, p = 0.103). Patients with liver disease had significantly higher mortality while obese patients had a significantly lower mortality after adjusting for treatment strategy and confounders. Length of stay (LOS) was not significantly different between the groups however, compared to AC alone, patients who underwent CDT or tPA incurred significantly higher total hospital charges.

Conclusions

CDT offers an attractive alternative to tPA therapy; however, our study does not show an in-hospital mortality benefit. More studies are required to guide patient selection prior to establishing treatment protocols.
Mock Jurors’ Perceptions of Child Sexual Abuse Cases: Investigating the Role of Delayed Disclosure and Relationship to the Perpetrator
Authors: Miller Quincy C. , Call Alissa Anderson , London Kamala
Published: March 2022

Child sexual abuse (CSA) claims brought forward weeks, months, or years after the alleged events are commonplace, yet the trial-level ramifications of delayed disclosure remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the influence of length of delayed disclosure (1 day, 1 month, 10 months) as a function of the victim-perpetrator relationship (next-door neighbor, stepfather) on mock jurors’ perceptions of a CSA case. Jury-eligible participants (N = 328) read a mock trial summary describing an alleged incident of CSA between an adult male defendant and a seven-year-old female victim. Participants then rendered various case judgments. When length of delay was 10 months versus 1 day, mock jurors rendered fewer guilty verdicts and lower ratings of victim trustworthiness, believability, memory strength, and memory accuracy. Effects of length of delay varied as a function of the victim-perpetrator relationship, but only when the perpetrator was the victim’s next-door neighbor versus stepfather. When the perpetrator was the victim’s next-door neighbor, participants rated the likelihood of abuse as higher and the victim’s memory as stronger with shorter versus longer lengths of delay. Delay did not vary as a function of the victim-perpetrator relationship when the perpetrator was the victim’s stepfather. Findings have implications for trial-level safeguards (e.g., expert testimony) in CSA cases involving delayed disclosure.
Inefficient voting with identical voters
Authors: Naess Ole-Andreas Elvik
Published: March 2022

This paper constructs a two-period electoral model where the future is uncertain and the policy in each period is decided by majority rule. The voters’ optimal future policy takes into account all possible future realizations, while the future pivotal median voter only cares about the median value of the future distribution. This dynamic conflict of interest implies that the electoral outcome may be strictly Pareto-dominated by other policies even in cases where all voters are identical and have the same beliefs for the future. I apply the model to analyze the dynamic incentives for redistribution.
Book review: Aravind Yelery, China Inc.: Between State Capitalism and Economic Statecraft
Authors: Kewalramani Manoj
Published: March 2022

Aravind Yelery, China Inc.: Between State Capitalism and Economic Statecraft. Pentagon Press, 2021, pp. xx-360 ₹1295, ISBN 978-93-90095-35-3.
Book review: Purusottam Bhattacharya, Status of European Integration: Possible Trajectory
Authors: Jain Rajendra K.
Published: March 2022

Purusottam Bhattacharya, Status of European Integration: Possible Trajectory. Macmillan, 2021, pp. vviii+174, ₹1600 ISBN-10: 9390370116 ISBN-13: 978-9390370115
New injectable antiretroviral therapy for HIV facilitates novel treatment pathways for persons without capacity to consent to medical treatment
Authors: Storrier Kirbie , Ouliaris Calina , George Duncan
Published: March 2022

Objective

The development of new injectable antiretroviral therapy facilitates treatment for Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive individuals who lack capacity to consent, posing a safety risk to both themselves and the wider community. We consider pathways to enforce treatment and propose an algorithm to determine the most appropriate legal instrument for application.

Conclusion

Legislative safeguards in mental health and guardianship legislation provide oversight and protection for those who suffer from illness and require coercive treatment. These frameworks have utility in the treatment of HIV patients who lack capacity to consent to treatment.
Respiratory Infections Prevention in Rural Older Adults: An Interventional Study
Authors: Abdel-Aziz Hassanat Ramadan , Atia Nashwa Saber
Published: March 2022

Respiratory tract infections are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in older adults. This quasi-experimental study aimed to evaluate the effect of an educational intervention on respiratory infections prevention (RIP) in rural older adults. The study sample composed of 80 older adults from a rural area, randomly assigned into two groups. The intervention group ( n = 40) received ten 1-hour twice-weekly sessions and the control group ( n = 40) received no intervention. Pre- and post-intervention assessments were done using measures of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding RIP. Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, independent samples t-test, and paired t-test were used for data analysis. The study findings showed that the study intervention resulted in statistically significant improvements in the intervention group’s knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding RIP compared with the control group ( p < .01). The educational intervention was effective and could be used to help rural older adults prevent respiratory infections.
The Impact of Racial Representation on Judicial Legitimacy: White Reactions to Latinos on the Bench
Authors: Achury Susan , Casellas Jason P. , Hofer Scott J. , Ward Matthew
Published: March 2022

Despite evidence that racial diversification has increased support for the judiciary, political scientists know little about the heterogeneous effects of diversification across different population segments. Previous research illustrates that including Black judges increases judicial legitimacy among the Black population, but it decreases the legitimacy of the courts among the White population. We expand on this knowledge by examining the impact of adding Latinos to the bench. Our survey experiment compares White respondents’ perception of the courts based on differing levels of Latino representation in the ruling panel. Does descriptive representation in the racialized issue area of immigration signal fairness and legitimacy to White respondents? Or does the inclusion of Latino jurists in immigration cases trigger racial animosity and decreasing support for the courts? We find that when the court rules against the White respondent’s preference, they tend to penalize all-White judicial panels that rule against the perceived interest of Latinos. Additionally, we find that when presented with a Latino majority panel, White respondents who disagree with the ruling are more likely to punish the anti-Latino decisions as their levels of group consciousness increase. Ultimately, our findings illustrate how judicial diversity may affect the countermajoritarian capacity of the judiciary.
An accurate method for fractional optimal control problems governed by nonlinear multi-delay systems
Authors: Marzban Hamid Reza
Published: March 2022

This study introduces a novel framework based on a combination of block-pulse and fractional-order Chebyshev functions. The new framework is a generalization of the fractional-order Chebyshev functions called the fractional hybrid functions. An accurate method is designed for solving nonlinear fractional optimal control problems with fractional multi-delay systems. Two essential linear operators, specifically, the fractional derivative operator and the fractional integral operator are introduced by implementing the Caputo and the Riemann–Liouville fractional operators. The two mentioned operators have a fundamental impact on reducing the computational complexity of the problem under study. Furthermore, these operators enable us to simply transform the principal problem into a new optimization one. Due to the structure of the fractional framework, we can construct an accurate solution for an extensive family of fractional multi-delay systems. By using a generalization of Taylor’s theorem, we prove that the proposed framework is convergent. The reliability, feasibility and accuracy of the new fractional framework are validated through examining a wide range of nontrivial examples.
Multimodal imaging of valsalva petaloid maculopathy secondary to acute laryngospasm and endotracheal intubation
Authors: Flikier Stephanie , Flikier David , Flikier Benjamin , Wu Lihteh
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

To report the multimodal imaging findings associated to Valsalva retinopathy following acute laryngospasm and endotracheal intubation.

Methods:

Case report and literature review.

Results:

Acute laryngospasm led to pulmonary edema which necessitated endotracheal intubation. Upon extubation the patient complained of bilateral scotomata due to Valsalva retinopathy. Multimodal imaging localizes the precise anatomic site of the intraocular hemorrhages. Petaloid hemorrhages are typical of Henle fiber layer involvement. All the hemorrhages spontaneously cleared without any sequelae.

Conclusion:

Patients with acute laryngospasm and endotracheal intubation may develop Valsalva retinopathy. Multimodal imaging localize the hemorrhages to the specific anatomic site which is important in determining the different management options.
Surgical outcomes of medial Rectus advancement for consecutive exotropia
Authors: Spierer Ronen , Achiron Asaf , Qassoom Ayat , Bachar Zipori Anat , Spierer Oriel
Published: March 2022

Purpose

To evaluate the surgical results of medial rectus muscle advancement for consecutive exotropia.

Methods

The medical data of patients that underwent reoperation between the years 2000–2020 were collected and reviewed retrospectively. Patients who underwent medial rectus advancement for consecutive exotropia were included. The exclusion criteria were follow-up period shorter than 6 months, past reoperations and restrictive or paralytic strabismus. Success was defined as alignment within 10 PD of orthophoria at last follow-up. The success group of patients was compared with the failure group.

Results

Twenty patients with mean postoperative follow-up from the second surgery of 34.7  ±  29.2 months were included. On last follow-up examination, 9 (45.0%) patients had a successful result. Nine patients had undercorrection and 2 had overcorrection. The two groups were similar in the preoperative amount of mean exotropia, 23.3  ±  9.9 PD in the success group and 29.8  ±  14.0 PD in the failure group. On last follow-up examination, the amount of mean deviation was 2.7  ±  2.6 PD exotropia in the success group and 13.4  ±  23.6 PD exotropia in the failure group.

Conclusion

Medial rectus advancement for the correction of consecutive exotropia was successful in almost half of the cases. Failure was usually due to undercorrection.
Rubella virus-associated uveitis: The essentiality of aqueous humor virological analysis
Authors: Provost Julien , Labetoulle Marc , Bouthry Elise , Haigh Oscar , Leleu Igor , Kobal Alfred , Mouriaux Frédéric , Barreau Emmanuel , Vauloup-Fellous Christelle , Rousseau Antoine
Published: March 2022

Aims / background

Rubella virus-associated uveitis (RVAU) classically presents with the clinical features of Fuchs uveitis syndrome (FUS). We report a series RVAU, and discuss the relevance of available diagnostic strategies, and how vaccination could potentially prevent disease.

Methods

We retrospectively included patients with RV-positive aqueous humor (AH) with RT-PCR and/or intraocular RV-IgG production, between January 2014 and December 2019. RV-IgG titers from AH and serum were compared with other virus-specific IgG titers (VZV and/or CMV and/or HSV-1), to determine the derived Goldmann-Witmer coefficient (GWC’). Clinical findings at presentation and during follow-up are reported, as well as the anti-RV vaccination status.

Results

All 13 included patients demonstrated intraocular synthesis of RV-IgG (median GWC’: 9.5; 3.2–100). RV-RNA was detected in one patient while PCR results were negative for other HSV1, VZV and CMV. The mean delay in diagnosis was 13 ± 12.6 years, with an initial presentation of FUS in only 3 patients (23%). Only four patients had been vaccinated, but all after the recommended age.

Conclusion

As RVAU is a pleiomorphic entity, virological analysis (RV RT-PCR and GWC’) of aqueous humor is essential to improve the diagnosis and management of this entity. Improper vaccination against RV appears to be implicated in RVAU.
One-year outcome of neovascular age-related macular degeneration patients followed-up using different optical coherence tomography modalities
Authors: Sukkarieh Georges , Vasseur Vivien , Lejoyeux Raphaël , Wolff Benjamin , Mauget-Faÿsse Martine
Published: March 2022

Purpose

The aim of this study is to compare the one year outcome of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) patients treated by a PRN regimen of Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) intravitreal injections (IVTs), using optical coherence tomography B-scan (OCT-B) or OCT Angiography (OCT-A) imaging modalities during follow-up.

Methods

Patients older than 50 years with nAMD currently treated by PRN regimen of Anti-VEGF IVTs were recruited from Rothschild Foundation Hospital – Paris and Centre Ophtalmologique Maison Rouge – Strasbourg and followed-up for a year. Patients were randomized in two groups: one group was followed by OCT-B while the other was followed by OCT-A.

Results

Thirty-three patients were followed by OCT-A and 31 patients were followed by OCT-B. Twenty-nine patients in the OCT-A group and 27 patients in the OCT-B group attended the last visit. No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups at 1 year concerning: improvement or stabilization of the best corrected distance visual acuity (BCVA) (p > 0.9), exudative signs (p > 0.9), number of injections (p = 0.8) and the delay until the first reinjection was performed (p = 0.5).

Conclusion

The use of OCT-A or OCT-B as imaging modalities in nAMD treated by a PRN regimen of Anti-VEGF IVTs seem to be comparable at one year.
Arts-based methods in business education: A reflection on a photo-elicitation project
Authors: Stavraki Georgia , Anninou Ioanna
Published: March 2022

This article addresses research calls to explore the theory and practice of arts-based methods in business and management education to better understand the learning processes and the ways of knowing that these methods generate. By focusing on photo-elicitation as a pedagogical tool, we problematize an insufficient focus of current discourses on its arts-based origins and revisit photo-elicitation from an arts-based perspective. Based on a reflective account emerging from our teaching experience with photo-elicitation as an assessment strategy, we provide a conceptualization of photo-elicitation as an (experiential) learning and teaching tool. This conceptualization teases out under-theorized elements (i.e. doing, power, multiple framing of meaning, audience) of the method and surfaces overlapping stages of a photo-elicitation learning process. We also offer novel insights into students’ encounters with the photo-elicitation method, thus illustrating the role of the method’s arts-based elements in understanding how learning occurs in such a context. Implications are also provided contributing to an understanding of the value of arts-based methods to the theory and practice of management education.
Educating the sighted: When activists reorganize solidarity by prefiguring new social scripts of help and interaction
Authors: Buchter Lisa
Published: March 2022

Based on research on the French disability rights movement, this article explores how activists use awareness campaigns to prefigure new social scripts for help and solidarity. Although help and solidarity are fundamental in our society, the manner in which they are performed toward minorities (e.g., providing unsolicited help, signaling solidarity as a token of pity, implying inferiority or dependence) may reproduce hierarchization and distance rather than fostering symmetrical solidarity. Relying on an ethnography of awareness campaigns established by two disability rights non-profits in France, I analyze how activists attempted to reorganize solidarity at the local level by challenging scripts dictating help, interactions, and by prefiguring new ways of performing help. They conveyed that help should be solicited or consented to, and that it was better performed as a quick, concrete, and precise service than as an emotional and pathologizing benevolence. I demonstrate how blind activists helped participants move from emotional to cognitive empathy, giving them cues on how to bypass their ocular-centric perspective to identify the concrete obstacles faced by visually-impaired people. One of the challenges for these activists was to communicate these new social scripts for solidarity without creating defensiveness or distance.
Organizing solidarity in difference: Challenges, achievements, and emerging imaginaries
Authors: Fleischmann Alexander , Holck Lotte , Liu Helena , Muhr Sara Louise , Murgia Annalisa
Published: March 2022

This special issue explores how solidarity in difference can be organized as a mutual relation that is based on participation on equal footing, fostering bonds of heterogeneity beyond conceptualizations of solidarity that depend on homogeneity. In this editorial and the five articles comprising this special issue, not only are the challenges to such an endeavor explored, but also the achievements in the present and emerging imaginaries of organizing solidarity beyond an exploitative understanding of difference. The perspectives this special issue brings together include re-centering the Eurocentric concepts of organizing and solidarity, solidarity in research, solidarity as affective practice as well as the political and socio-economic relations that frame them. In addition to promoting an understanding of subjectivity shaped by power relations embedded in multiple social experiences, the articles in this special issue elaborate on solidarity in difference rather than a benevolent solidarity with difference and contribute, accordingly, to an understanding of organizing solidarity that starts from principles of radical interdependence, mutual recognition, and universal participation. Without neglecting the pitfalls and obstacles to organizing solidarity, this special issue hopefully sparks new debates on and informs new practices of solidarity in difference as there cannot be one single way to achieve this.
Re-membering: Tracing epistemic implications of feminist and gendered politics under military occupation
Authors: Pandit Niharika
Published: March 2022

In this article, I trace ‘re-membering’ as a feminist practice in the context of gendered activism under military occupation in Kashmir. Drawing on its anticolonial feminist roots, I conceptualise re-membering as practices that do not simply put together what has been severed or dismembered by coloniality but they also, in doing so, propose different frames of looking. I think through re-membering by focusing on two intertwining sites of gendered and feminist activism in Kashmir: protests that re-member the disappeared and activist representation under military occupation. A feminist analysis of these activist strategies grounded in anticolonial thinking suggests that re-membering in the specificity of its emergence under conditions of heightened control does multivalent work: it contests dominant claims and the coloniality of the Indian state, thereby exposing the continuum of violence including its carceral, psychic, discursive forms that co-constitute and perpetuate the occupation of Kashmir. As such, it insists on accounting for historical and contextual specificities as necessary conditions for imagining an expressly anticolonial feminist politics that can open possibilities of epistemic and political transformation towards knowing Kashmir and people’s struggles differently. It is here that the epistemic potential of re-membering lies: in overturning the terms of conversation as decolonial feminist scholarship has long insisted.
Space, Time and Structure: Unpacking Relationships in International Development Volunteering
Authors: Chen Jinwen
Published: March 2022

Relationships and relational outcomes are key in international development volunteering (IDV) research, but little attention has been paid to the spaces of relationship formation. This article contributes to the literature by unpacking volunteer–local relationships using a spatial lens. It uses a case study of Singapore–Cambodia IDV projects spanning the short and long-term temporal continuum to unpack how space, time and structure influence volunteer–local relationships. It presents three distinct development spaces—structured, social and transition spaces—that shape hierarchical, reciprocal or convivial relationships. These findings highlight the role organizations play in volunteer–local relationships, and the importance of making space and time for more equitable relationships.
Using equity crowdfunding to build a loyal brand community: The case of Brewdog
Authors: Sabia Luca , Bell Robin , Bozward David
Published: March 2022

This case study provides a critical understanding of the connection between start-up investment and the development of a loyal brand community. Learners develop an appreciation of how engagement in crowdfunding campaigns can lead to the creation of engaged partners. This is explored through applying the Business Model Canvas to the case of BrewDog, a company that has expanded beyond the niche market of craft brewing to become an international brand. The use of crowdfunding has not only enabled Brewdog to raise the capital to finance expansion but also to develop a special relationship with some of their customers, who through investment and engagement can become partners in the product development process.
Large-scale Robotic Fabrication of Polychromatic Relief Glass
Authors: Giesecke Rena , Dillenburger Benjamin
Published: March 2022

This research investigates a new digital fabrication method for large-scale polychromatic glass elements. Glass elements with locally differentiated properties usually require manual labor or are limited to film applications of secondary materials that are incapable of producing material texture and relief in glass. To create mono-material glass elements for buildings with customized color, opacity, and relief present in the same glass element, this research investigates a novel robotic multi-channel printing process for industrial float glass. Mono-material polychromatic glasses do not require any additional material and can be fully recycled. This paper presents a design-to-production workflow for the construction scale within feasible cost. Investigations include kilning and material considerations, multi-channel tool and fabrication setup, tool path generation, process parameter calibration, and large-scale prototyping. The co-occurrence of locally varying opacities, colors, material textures, and relief within one glass element enabled by the presented robotic fabrication method could allow for novel optical and decorative features in facades and windows.