bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Exercise Motivation on Eating Disorders in Bodybuilders in Social Networks: The Mediating Role of State Anxiety
Authors: Liu Yixin , Cao Yuping
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between exercise motivation and eating disorder and the mediating effect of anxiety in physical exercise. Athletes are in a social network, and the different human-machine relationships and situations generated in this may produce different sports motivations and anxiety states for athletes. The exercise motivation, status-trait anxiety, and eating disorder of 1076 fitness subjects were described and analyzed by questionnaire survey, and the survey data were statistically analyzed by means of correlation, regression, and structural equation model. The results showed that the overall detection rate of eating disorder was 56.3%. The overall detection rate of eating disorder was different between males and females. Exercise motivation has a significant positive correlation with state anxiety and eating disorder. Exercise motivation has a significant positive predictive effect on eating disorder, exercise motivation has a significant positive predictive effect on state anxiety, and state anxiety has a significant positive predictive effect on eating disorder. The mediating effect shows that state anxiety can partially mediate the relationship between exercise motivation and eating disorder, exercise motivation has a direct impact on eating disorder, and state anxiety has an indirect impact on eating disorder. In physical exercise, the exercisers’ bad exercise motivation will produce too much anxiety. Poor exercise motivation and anxiety can lead to symptoms of eating disorders. In physical exercise, we should adopt reasonable value orientation and positive psychological suggestion and encourage healthy and reasonable eating behavior, which will help to prevent and treat eating disorders.
Evaluation of Mindfulness Training Combined with Aerobic Exercise on Neurological Function and Quality of Life in Patients with Peripheral Neuropathy Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Weng Ximei , Liao Shunqi , Wang Fang , Wang Han , Yang Ling
Published: August 2022

Objective. To investigate the effect of mindfulness training on neurological function and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Methods. This study selected 120 patients with type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy and randomly divided them into three independent subgroups according to different training methods: mindfulness meditation group (MM), aerobic exercise group (AE), and mindfulness combined with aerobic exercise group. (MMAE). The three groups were analyzed for SNCV and MNCV velocities, MAAS and TCSS scores, neurological symptom scores, neurological sign scores, and quality of life. Results. Before treatment, SNCV and MNCV were not significantly significant (P > 0.05), but after treatment, SNCV and MNCV were significantly higher, and the MMAE group changed more significantly (P < 0.05); before treatment, MAAS and TCSS scores were not significant (P > 0.05), but after treatment, MAAS scores were significantly higher, TCSS scores were significantly lower, and more significantly in MMAE; the difference was significant (P < 0.05); before treatment, there was no statistical significance of the neurological signs score (P > 0.05); after treatment, the neurological symptoms score and neurological signs score were significantly reduced, and the changes in the MMAE group were statistically significant (P < 0.05); there was no significant difference in the quality of life score before treatment (P > 0.05), and the quality of life score in the MMAE group was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Conclusion. Mindfulness training combined with aerobic exercise has an ideal therapeutic effect on patients with type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and has a very important role in improving the neurological function and quality of life of the patients. It is a safe and effective treatment method. Therefore, mindfulness training combined with aerobic exercise is worthy of promotion and application.
Experimental Study on Seismic Performance of Prefabricated Frame Column Joints with a High Axial Compression Ratio
Authors: Wang Y. L. , Wu X. Y. , Li B. B.
Published: August 2022

A new type of an assembled monolithic concrete column encased by partial outsourcing steel was proposed, and the seismic performance was proposed. To study the seismic performance such as failure mode, hysteretic behavior, deformation, ductility of the specimen, and the influence of the outsourcing steel pipe on the mechanical performance of the specimens, the comparative tests of four full-scale specimens under low cyclic reciprocating load under a high axial compression ratio were carried out. The test results show that the monolithic column assembled with outsourced steel has better overall performance, and the failure of the specimen is the large eccentric compression failure with good ductility. The hysteresis and skeleton curves of the assembled columns are similar to the cast-in-site concrete column under the same conditions, which have a good ductility and energy dissipation capacity. It was established that increasing the thickness of the outer steel plate does not significantly improve the mechanical performance of the component when the load-bearing capacity of members satisfies the design requirements. The research results can provide a reference for theoretical research and practical engineering applications of assembled monolithic concrete column connections.
Rate and Associated Factors of Suicidal Behavior among Adolescents in Bangladesh and Indonesia: Global School‐Based Student Health Survey Data Analysis
Authors: Marthoenis M. , Yasir Arafat S. M.
Published: August 2022

Objective. Suicidal behavior among adolescents is a major public health problem that is understudied in South East Asian Muslim-majority countries. We aimed to investigate the rate and associated factors of suicidal behavior among adolescents in Bangladesh and Indonesia. Methods. The Global School-based Student Health Survey data of Bangladesh and Indonesia were used in this study. The data consist of a total of 9052 school-aged students from Bangladesh (2570, 28.4%) and Indonesia (6482, 71.6%). Suicidal behavior was assessed using three questions that measure suicidal ideation, suicidal plan, and suicidal attempts. Results. The overall rate of suicidal behavior (suicidal ideation, suicidal plan, and suicidal attempts) was 8.8%, and no significant difference between the two countries (8.9% in Bangladesh and 8.7 in Indonesia) was observed (

p
=
0.81

). Factors that independently increased the likelihood of suicidal behavior include female gender, missed class, physical fight four times or more, experienced bullying, anxiety, loneliness, rarely eating fruit, current alcohol use, and sedentary behavior (

p
<
0.05

). Meanwhile, factors that independently decreased the likelihood of suicidal behavior include parental supervision and having close friends, either one, two, three persons, or more (

p
<
0.05

). Conclusion. The study revealed rates and risk factors of suicidal behaviors among the school-going adolescents of two Muslim-majority countries in South East Asia. Prevention strategies should be considered guided by the risk factors for school-going adolescents.
High‐Performance Graphene Oxide/Polypyrrole/Ziziphus jujuba/Prunus dulcis Ternary Composite Electrodes for Supercapacitor for Sensor Applications
Authors: Kandasamy Senthil Kumar , Maheswaran S. , Kavitha K. R. , Karthikeyan D. , Indra J. , Sheikdavood K. , Syamala Y. , Srilakshmi K. , Arumugam Chandrasekaran , Balamoorthy Dhivya
Published: August 2022

Supercapacitor electrodes synthesized from activated carbon (AC) has high energy and power capabilities as they have larger surface area, greater conductivity, and also AC has the ability to optimize the properties of supercapacitors. Supercapacitor has gained its attention due to its fast charging/discharging speed and long‐term stability than the normal batteries. In this work, GO/PPy/AC composite electrodes was synthesized to increase the specific capacitance and the energy storage capability of supercapacitor through modified hummers’ method, sacrificial template polymerization method, and hydrothermal method. Here, the AC was derived from seeds of Ziziphus jujuba and shells of Prunus dulcis. The performances of GO, GO/PPy, GO/PPy/ACZJ, and GO/PPy/ACPD electrodes were evaluated using 6 M KOH electrolyte at different current densities and scan rates. The electrochemical properties of the electrodes were characterized by CV, GCD, and EIS analysis to study the suitability of the electrode material. GO/PPy/ACPD electrode exhibited the specific capacitance of 1217.1, 456.67, 270.44, and 90.88 F g-1 with current densities of 1, 2, 4, and 10 A g-1, respectively. GO/PPy/ACPD has high specific capacitance of 1217.1 F g-1 at 1 A g-1. The enhanced electrochemical performance is due to better surface area and higher specific capacitance.
Application of Response Surface Methodology in Dance Health and Training Safety
Authors: Zhang Yu
Published: August 2022

In order to analyze and optimize the influencing factors of dance health and training safety, response surface methodology is applied to dance health and training safety in this study. Response surface methodology is an optimization method that integrates experimental design and mathematical modeling. It can effectively reduce the number of experiments, provide visual contour maps and three-dimensional diagrams, and investigate the interaction between influencing factors. This paper introduces the basic definition, model construction principle, and characteristics of the response surface method and expounds the test scheme design, model establishment, model inspection, model optimization, and other aspects of the response surface method combined with an example of analysis of influencing factors of dance health and training safety. The results show that the response surface method is an optimization method of comprehensive experiment design and mathematical modeling, which can effectively reduce the number of experiments for the analysis of influencing factors of dance health and training safety and can investigate the interaction between influencing factors.
Unilateral External Fixator Combined with Lateral Auxiliary Frame for Ultimate Treatment of Tibia and Fibula Shaft Fractures with Poor Soft Tissue Conditions
Authors: Wang Xinhui , Wang Bao , Hou Xizhi , Cheng Xiaodong , Zhang Tao
Published: August 2022

Background. For severe soft tissue damage or open fracture, unilateral external fixation is one of the treatment choices. In the current study, a unilateral external fixator combined with a lateral auxiliary frame was used to treat tibia and fibula shaft fractures with poor soft tissue conditions to verify its feasibility for the ultimate treatment. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed the patients with tibia and fibula shaft fractures who underwent unilateral external fixator combined with lateral auxiliary frame between December 2018 and October 2020. The clinical outcomes were recorded. Results. 31 patients with tibia and fibula shaft fractures who received unilateral external fixator combined with lateral auxiliary frame were included in the current study. Among them, 23 cases had closed fractures with poor soft tissue and 8 cases had Gastilo type I open fractures. The average duration of hospital stay was 7.3 ± 2.3 days. The causes of injury were traffic accidents in 15 cases (48.4%), fall from height in 7 cases (22.6%), crush injury in 5 cases (16.1%), and other causes in 4 cases (12.9%). During follow‐up, the clinical healing time was 3.0 ± 0.85 months. Additionally, the infection rate of pin‐tract and reoperation rate was 12.9% and 3.2%. Fortunately, all patients achieved fracture healing and recovered well without joint dysfunction and obvious claudication. The Johner‐Wruh scores showed that 27 cases (87.1%) were “excellent” and 4 cases (12.9%) were “good.” Conclusions. The unilateral external fixator combined with lateral auxiliary frame is an effective option for ultimate treatment of the tibia and fibula shaft fractures with poor soft tissue conditions.
Sirpiglenastat (DRP-104) Induces Antitumor Efficacy through Direct, Broad Antagonism of Glutamine Metabolism and Stimulation of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems
Authors: Yokoyama Yumi , Estok Thomas M. , Wild Robert
Published: August 2022

Glutamine is a conditionally essential amino acid consumed by rapidly proliferating cancer cells, which deprives the same fuel from immune cells and contributes to tumor immune evasion. As such, the broad antagonism of glutamine in tumors and the tumor microenvironment may lead to direct antitumor activity and stimulation of antitumoral immune responses. DRP-104 (sirpiglenastat) was designed as a novel prodrug of the broad-acting glutamine antagonist 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON). DRP-104 is an inactive form that is preferentially converted to DON within tumors. Metabolomic profiling of tumors treated with DRP-104 revealed widespread changes indicative of the disruption of tumor anabolism and canonical cancer metabolism pathways; including altered glutamine metabolism while several immunosuppressive metabolites were decreased. Gene expression profiling revealed broad immunological modulation, confirmed by flow cytometry indicating that DRP-104 treatment resulted in substantial and broad changes in various immune cell infiltrates, such as increased TIL, T, NK, and NK T cells. Functionally, T cells became more proliferative and less exhausted; tumor-associated macrophages were polarized to the M1 phenotype; MDSCs and protumorigenic proteins were decreased in TME. Finally, DRP-104 demonstrated significant antitumor activity as a monotherapy, which was further enhanced in combination with checkpoint blockade therapies, leading to improved survival and long-term durable cures. In summary, DRP-104 broadly remodels the tumor microenvironment by inducing extensive tumor metabolism effects and enhancing the infiltration and function of multiple immune cells distinct from those obtained by checkpoint inhibitor therapy. This unique mechanism of action supports the ongoing clinical development of DRP-104 alone and in combination with checkpoint inhibitors.
BCL10 Mutants: Architects of Oncogenic Signaling Provide a Blueprint for Precision Medicine
Authors: Phelan James D. , Oellerich Thomas
Published: August 2022

BCL10, a key activator of NF-κB downstream of oncogenic B-cell receptor signaling, is mutated in nearly 40% of the BN2/C1 genetic subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, but how these mutations function to augment signaling and their relevance to targeted precision medicine agents remains unclear. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Xia and colleagues demonstrate distinct mechanisms of oncogenic signaling regulation and therapeutic vulnerabilities among different recurrent BCL10 mutations.

See related article by Xia et al., p. 1922 (1).
A Gene Signature Comprising Seven Pyroptosis-Related Genes Predicts Prognosis in Pediatric Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: He Xin , Jiang Yongfang , Yu Xingbao , He Fei , Gao Haiyan
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The aim of the study was to construct a pyroptosis-related risk score (RS) model for the prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Methods: The TARGET (training) and E-MTAB-1216 (validation) datasets were downloaded. Pyroptosis-related genes with differences in expression were identified between the recurrent and nonrecurrent samples of the training dataset. An RS prognostic model comprising seven pyroptosis-related genes was constructed using LASSO regression coefficients. The samples were classified into the high- and low-risk groups using the RS model; the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between these groups were identified, followed by DEG functional analysis and the immunological evaluation of these groups. Results: Forty-nine pyroptosis-related genes, including 22 DEGs, were screened. WT1, NPM, FLT3/ITD, and CEBPA mutations were found in most pediatric AML samples. An RS prognostic model was constructed using 7 pyroptosis-related genes. The two risk groups and prognostic data were significantly related. FLT3/ITD mutations, CEBPA mutations, and RS model status were identified as independent prognostic factors, using the clinical information. The DEGs between the two groups were correlated with immune-related pathways. Moreover, the immune cell distribution and the occurrence of immune-related pathways were notably decreased in the high-risk group. Discussion/Conclusion: Seven pyroptosis-related genes, CHMP2A, PRKACA, CASP9, IRF2, CHMP3, HMGB1, and AIM2, can predict the prognosis and recurrence of childhood AML.
Risk Scores for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Pediatric Obesity
Authors: Lischka Julia , Lieb Katharina , Schanzer Andrea , Hojreh Azadeh , Ba-Ssalamah Ahmed , de Gier Charlotte , Walleczek Nina-Katharina , Zeyda Maximilian , Greber-Platzer Susanne
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Early noninvasive detection of incipient liver damage is crucial to prevent long-term adverse health outcomes. A variety of scores to assess liver status have been proposed, mostly for adult populations. Validation of noninvasive hepatic scores to identify children at risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a gap in research, particularly in youth with severe obesity considering pubertal stage and sex. Methods: In a well-characterized pediatric population aged 9–19 years (n = 115), 19 published liver scores were analyzed. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for determination of MAFLD as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging was calculated. Results: The pediatric indices PNFI, B-AST, and M-APRI and several scores developed in adults significantly differed in children with MAFLD compared to children without, while some established indices did not. Only nonalcoholic fatty liver disease liver fat score (NAFLD-LFS) and the model by Cao et al. [PLoS One. 2013;8(12):e82092] showed acceptable predictive accuracy (AUROC >0.8) independently of pubertal stage and sex. When stratifying for pubertal stage and sex, the GSG-Index was superior in pubertal girls, and NAFLD-LFS performed best in pubertal boys. Conclusion: NAFLD-LFS and the model by Cao et al. [PLoS One. 2013;8(12):e82092] were well suited to predict MAFLD in youth with severe obesity. In pubertal children, GSG-Index and NAFLD-LFS performed best in girls and boys, respectively.
Breeding biology review of White‑backed Stilt Himantopus melanurus in Brazil and a case study in the largest restinga protected area (Aves, Charadriiformes, Recurvirostridae)
Authors: Frias Rodolfo Teixeira , Porto Lucas Rocha Melo , Fischer Luciano Gomes , Mancini Patricia Luciano
Published: August 2022

In Brazil, the White-backed Stilt Himantopus melanurus is distributed in the midwest, south and southeast but breeding information is scarce. In this study, species breeding information in the country was compiled from online platform (WikiAves, eBird) and literature. A case study describing nests and egg biometry were reported in Restinga of Jurubatiba National Park (RJNP), on the north cost of Rio de Janeiro state, as well potential threats to the species. Sampling was carried out in September and December 2018, monthly in 2019 and between January to March and September to December in 2020. Overall, 70 breeding records were compiled, between 1997 and November 2021, being 64 from WikiAves in all regions of Brazil, four records from eBird in São Paulo state (in 2021) and two records in literature (one from São Paulo state, in 2007 and one from Rio de Janeiro in 2012). In RJNP, 44 nests were identified being 34 active, with an average of 3.5 eggs per nest, and overall 118 eggs were measured. The main materials used to build the nests were the saltmarsh plant and mud. Around 60% of nests were degraded or predated. Predation was the main cause of egg loss. Successful nests (with chicks or hatching signs) represented 26% of the total nests monitored. This study reports the first information on the biometry of the species' eggs and nests, confirming the northern coast of Rio de Janeiro state as a nesting area for the species.
Erratum: Life-History traits of Hollandichthys multifascitus (Eigenmann & Norris, 1900) (Characiformes: Characidae) in coastal Atlantic Forest blackwater streams from Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Cardoso Vinicius de Carvalho , Esteves Katharina Eichbaum
Published: August 2022

It corrects the article: http://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2020.62.016
Teorema de Pitágoras: demonstrações interativas no GeoGebra
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Linares Juan López
Published: August 2022

Este material didático foi utilizado durante algumas das aulas do curso "Geometria Olímpica com GeoGebra" para professores de Matemática do Ensino Fundamental e Médio de todo o Brasil. O texto conta com 39 figuras que facilitam acompanhar a resolução das questões que contam com links como complemento para os gráficos interativos no site do GeoGebra e, vários desses, contam com resolução em vídeo no YouTube. A discussão é organizada em cinco capítulos: Ida do Teorema de Pitágoras; Volta do Teorema de Pitágoras; Equação Pitagórica Diofantina; Problemas e Aplicações; Além do Teorema de Pitágoras. O diferencial na utilização do GeoGebra está baseado na disponibilidade gratuita do software, tanto online como em aplicativos para computadores e celulares. As construções geométricas podem ser realizadas de forma dinâmica, na exploração de diversas configurações de um mesmo problema. O GeoGebra serve tanto como calculadora gráfica e numérica, utilizada para a verificação, como ferramenta para a apresentação, passo a passo, de uma demonstração rigorosa.
Tradução do poema 'Faims cachées' de Lucie Julia
Authors: Andrade Giuliana Cerchiari de
Published: August 2022

Tradução não literal do poema Faims cachées da escritora de Lucie Julia (Guadalupe) para o português brasileiro em formato de cordel, poemas-denúncia. A forma mote-glosa foi escolhida com o intuito de explorar a oralidade, métrica, repetição e rimas, buscando um aspecto cantado sem deixar de guardar “significância específica do poema original". Por se tratar de uma escritora desconhecida neste território, a apresentação traz um pouco da história de sua vida e uma ligeira introdução sobre o cordel. Um breve comentário é adicionado para revelar algumas escolhas e mostrar o processo de escrita deste poema em uma nova língua.
Resenha desenhada de Autoportrait de Paris avec chat, de Dany Laferrière
Authors: Ribeiro Ana Cláudia Romano
Published: August 2022

Apresenta-se aqui uma resenha desenhada de Autoportrait de Paris avec chat, romance desenhado de Dany Laferrière publicado em Paris, em 2018, pelas edições Grasset.
Oásis da felicidade: Pensamentos para uma ontologia do jogo (1957)
Authors: Fink Eugen , Silva Felipe Maia da
Published: August 2022

Tradução de “Oase des Glücks”. In: Fink, E. (2010) Eugen Fink Gesamtausgabe 7: Spiel als Weltsymbol. Herausgegeben von Cathrin Nielsen und Hans Rainer Sepp. Freiburg im Breisgau: Verlag Karl Alber, pp. 11-29. Traduzido por Felipe Maia da Silva.
O que há de trágico na era da técnica?
Authors: Coelho Marina
Published: August 2022

Propomos entender a técnica moderna e o perigo que ela apresenta a partir da noção de trágico. Para isso, buscamos conectar a teoria da técnica de Jünger e seu realismo heroico à filosofia do trágico pensada desde o idealismo alemão. Em seguida, procuramos contrapor esta concepção à interpretação heideggeriana sobre o perigo da técnica enquanto limiar catastrófico do Ocidente. Entre as duas concepções “trágicas” sobre a técnica, vislumbramos aquilo que Schürmann denominou, em Heidegger, de uma trágica “discordância temporal” no domínio da técnica capaz de conduzir à catástrofe planetária ou a um outro início a partir do pensamento do ser.
Repensando a questão das mulheres a partir do pensamento político de Hannah Arendt
Authors: Costa Nathalia Rodrigues da , Ribeiro Nádia Junqueira
Published: August 2022

Apresentamos uma nova perspectiva sobre a questão das mulheres em Hannah Arendt ao defendermos ser o seu pensamento profícuo para o feminismo ou para a questão das mulheres quando se trata de pensar a participação política. Para tanto, primeiro questionamos a interpretação da categoria do espaço público em Arendt a partir do paradigma da teoria de modelos, defendida distintamente por Bonnie Honig e Seyla Benhabib. Em seguida, também na contramão de parte da literatura crítica, defendemos que a distinção de Arendt entre o social e o político parece apresentar algum sentido para pensarmos a questão das mulheres.
Michelangelo secretamente no pensamento de Nietzsche
Authors: Julião José Nicolão
Published: August 2022

Neste estudo procuramos mostrar como Nietzsche se apropria da força simbólica da obra de Michelangelo para secretamente desenvolver suas ideias. Em um primeiro momento da nossa reflexão, analisamos, de forma mais sinóptica, as referências à pintura do artista italiano no conjunto da obra de Nietzsche; na segunda parte, apresentamos de forma mais desenvolvida a apropriação mais secreta que o filósofo faz da escultura do artista renascentista, especialmente, na elaboração do seu conceito de Übermensch.
Eficiência e juridicidade na aplicação de normas de gestão pública a partir da linha de interpretação do artigo 22 da LINDB
Authors: Ferreira Ana Catarina dos Santos Oliveira , França Vladimir da Rocha
Published: August 2022

A lei da segurança jurídica e eficiência na criação e na aplicação de normas de direito público (Lei n. 13.655/2018) inseriu no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro uma linha de interpretação para as nor-mas de gestão pública. Com fortes nuances de pragmatismo jurídico, o texto do art. 22 da nova LINDB traz termos como obstáculos, dificuldades reais do gestor, exigência das políticas públicas a seu cargo, circunstâncias práticas. Tal linha de interpretação propicia um conforto decisório ao gestor capaz de lhe permitir circunstanciar decisões com o intuito de superar situações denominadas “asfixia burocrática” e “apagão das canetas” [...]. Este ensaio busca esclarecer três aspectos: (i) que a atividade interpretativa inevitavelmente antecede a aplicação da norma jurídica; (ii) que o gestor deve considerar com razoabilidade as consequências práticas de sua decisão em face da própria natureza da função administrativa; (iii) que este modelo de interpretação não viola o princípio da legalidade mas o considera como um dos princípios a serem observados pelo gestor público em um grupo de “valores formalizados” que compreende todos os princípios constitucionais insertos no caput do art. 37 da Constituição Federal.
Repeated Measures of Modified Rankin Scale Scores to Assess Functional Recovery From Stroke: AFFINITY Study Findings
Authors: Chye Alexander , Hackett Maree L. , Hankey Graeme J. , Lundström Erik , Almeida Osvaldo P. , Gommans John , Dennis Martin , Jan Stephen , Mead Gillian E. , Ford Andrew H. , Beer Christopher Etherton , Flicker Leon , Delcourt Candice , Billot Laurent , Anderson Craig S. , Stibrant Sunnerhagen Katharina , Yi Qilong , Bompoint Severine , Nguyen Thang Huy , Lung Thomas
Published: August 2022

Background

Function after acute stroke using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) is usually assessed at a point in time. The analytical implications of serial mRS measurements to evaluate functional recovery over time is not completely understood. We compare repeated‐measures and single‐measure analyses of the mRS from a randomized clinical trial.

Methods and Results

Serial mRS data from AFFINITY (Assessment of Fluoxetine in Stroke Recovery), a double‐blind placebo randomized clinical trial of fluoxetine following stroke (n=1280) were analyzed to identify demographic and clinical associations with functional recovery (reduction in mRS) over 12 months. Associations were identified using single‐measure (day 365) and repeated‐measures (days 28, 90, 180, and 365) partial proportional odds logistic regression. Ninety‐five percent of participants experienced a reduction in mRS after 12 months. Functional recovery was associated with age at stroke <70 years; no prestroke history of diabetes, coronary heart disease, or ischemic stroke; prestroke history of depression, a relationship partner, living with others, independence, or paid employment; no fluoxetine intervention; ischemic stroke (compared with hemorrhagic); stroke treatment in Vietnam (compared with Australia or New Zealand); longer time since current stroke; and lower baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale & Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 scores. Direction of associations was largely concordant between single‐measure and repeated‐measures models. Association strength and variance was generally smaller in the repeated‐measures model compared with the single‐measure model.

Conclusions

Repeated‐measures may improve trial precision in identifying trial associations and effects. Further repeated‐measures stroke analyses are required to prove methodological value.

Registration

URL: http://
www.anzctr.org.au
; Unique identifier: ACTRN12611000774921.
Risk of Sudden Death in a General Unbiased Epidemiological Cohort of Sarcoidosis
Authors: Chahal C. Anwar A. , Brady Peter A. , Cooper Leslie T. , Lin Grace , Somers Virend K. , Crowson Cynthia S. , Matteson Eric L. , Ungprasert Patompong
Published: August 2022

Background

Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory, noncaseating, granulomatous disorder of unknown cause that can affect any body system and is associated with cardiovascular disease including sudden cardiac death (SCD). Cardiac involvement in sarcoidosis is associated with higher risk of SCD, but the SCD risk in the general sarcoidosis population is unknown. We aimed to determine the risk of SCD in people with sarcoidosis versus the matched general population.

Methods and Results

A population‐based cohort of sarcoidosis and age‐ and sex‐matched comparators from January 1, 1976 to December 31, 2013 was used; presence of other comorbidities in the comparator group was not an exclusion criterion. Mortality, including time, place, and cause of death were measured and manually adjudicated for SCD events. Incidence rates are reported per 100 000 person‐years, and Cox models were used for group comparisons. Of the 345 incident cases of sarcoidosis (171 men; 50%) there were 58 reported deaths; 10 were definite/probable SCD versus 57 all‐cause and 9 SCDs in comparators. Median follow‐up was 12.9 years (interquartile range, 6.0–23.4 years) . Incidence rate of SCD in sarcoidosis was 192 (95% CI, 92–352) versus 155 (95% CI, 71–294) in comparators (hazard ratio [HR], 1.28 (95% CI, 0.52–3.17). Nocturnal deaths were more frequent in sarcoidosis 57 (95% CI, 12–168) versus 17 (95% CI, 0.4–95) (HR, 3.76 [95% CI, 0.39–36.47]). No significant differences were detected between the groups by sex, age, calendar year of diagnosis, or disease duration.

Conclusions

In a population‐based cohort of patients with sarcoidosis, the risk for SCD compared with matched comparators was not increased. There were more nocturnal deaths among patients with sarcoidosis, yet this was statistically insignificant.
Divided Loyalties: The Elector Palatine and Charles I, 1638–1649
Authors: Pert Thomas
Published: August 2022

In August 1644, the eldest nephew of Charles I landed in England and publicly declared his support for parliament. Charles Louis, the exiled Elector of the Palatinate, has been accused by successive generations of scholars of either harboring ambitions for his uncle’s throne, or having a long-standing friendship with leading parliamentarians which made his eventual allegiance an inevitability. However, such interpretations ignore the influence of short-term developments in the British Isles and on the continent on the actions of this impoverished and exiled prince, who was dependent on English financial and diplomatic support and faced the very real risk of being permanently excluded from his ancestral lands and titles. This article therefore provides a valuable insight into how political and financial necessities could clash with the perceived obligations of dynastic loyalty between ruling elites in early modern Europe.
(Meta) Grotian Moment: International Organizations and the Rapid Formation of Customary International Law
Authors: Gasbarri Lorenzo
Published: August 2022

In this paper, I first discuss the concept of ‘Grotian Moment’ in the context of the capacity of international organizations to contribute to the formation and identification of customary international law. Afterward, I apply three levels to discuss the time element of the formation of custom. At the micro-level of the institutional practice, the time required to form a customary norm may depend on whether each form of practice is directed to the institutional or to the international dimension. At the level of the organ, I reflect on the difference played by the presence or absence of member States in the institutional organ that adopts the practice relevant for custom formation. At the macro-level of the characteristics of the organization, I distinguish between so-called supranational and functional organizations. In general, I exclude the relevance of speaking in terms of a ‘Moment’ that produces a paradigm shift, and I stress the continuous change to which international law is subject.
Grotian Moments in the Law of Self-Determination: Law, Rhetoric, and Reality
Authors: Sparks Tom
Published: August 2022

Self-determination is one of international law’s most reviled and yet most important principles. The legal development of self-determination – or specific forms thereof – as a customary norm of international law has been shaped and spurred by key moments. These include the American and French declarations of 1776 and 1789, the conclusion of the UN Charter, and the General Assembly’s resolution 1514 (xv) in 1960. This article analyses whether, in characterising the effect of such moments, the label ‘Grotian’ moment adds meaningfully to the analysis. It concludes that the example of self-determination suggests that the ‘Grotian’ moment concept is not meaningfully illuminating; tending either to reduce to a slight of hand in favour of the so-called ‘Great Powers’, or alternatively to pathologise developments that would be amenable to standard forms of customary legal analysis.
Ancient Geographers and Modern Travelogues in the Early Seventeenth Century. The Difference between Hugo Grotius’s Bewys van den waren Godsdienst (1622) and De veritate religionis christianae (1627–40)
Authors: Bergjan Silke-Petra
Published: August 2022

The Bewys van den waren Godsdienst and De veritate religionis Christianae originated against the background of Grotius’s familiarity with classical literature. To understand the innovative impact of these writings, the historical method applied must be considered. Grotius did not rely on authorities, but was compiling historical witnesses for the three religions. The availability and visibility of the witness reports are regularly referred to in the text. Thus, history and classical historians enter the picture. Interestingly, this cannot be separated from the debate about the methods to be used in geography, a matter that gains importance as the difference between Bewys and De veritate is nowhere as visible as in the geographical references. The generous sprinkling of place names from different continents contributes to the poem’s factual character. The place names in the Bewys derive from the Dutch sea trade and can be found in the travel reports of the time. This is elucidated by two examples: the island Waygat in the Artic, and the coast of Mina in the Gulf of Guinea. In De veritate, however, all such references are removed. In their stead appear examples from ancient topography, to be annotated in the 1640 edition with ample quotations from Pliny, Strabo, Josephus and others.
Searching for Meaning: Inaccurate Interpretations and Deceitful Predictions in Dream Narratives of the Qing
Authors: Lucas Aude
Published: August 2022

This paper explores cases of inaccurate interpretations or deceitful dream predictions in early and mid-Qing xiaoshuo and biji – Chinese leisure literature of short stories and anecdotes. While most dream narratives from this body of literature drew on the oneiromantic tradition and featured dream omens that get realized, some anecdotes playfully recounted tales of misunderstood dreams or deceptive oneiric forecasts. Such cases reveal a disillusioned stance of Qing authors toward the classical discourse on oneiromancy and a playful use of the usual rhetoric of how dreams were supposed to convey the truth. Through them, one may perceive an intention of Qing authors to reassess the conventional discourse on dreams and find a new way of writing about dreams with other concerns than divination.

This paper reminds how the signifiers of a dream may mean different things to each dreamer or each person that interprets a dream, revealing how dream omens and interpretations are subject to individual understanding. This article is divided into two main parts. The first part is devoted to wrong interpretations of dreams, either because the following events are happier than what the person interpreting the dream expected, or because the realization of the omens turns out more disappointing than predicted. The second part deals with dream predictions that are evidently deceptive. These dishonest forecasts may be granted to dreamers by manipulative beings, or more surprisingly, by forces that are harder to understand. In the latter case, those who are tricked by what seems to be fate itself are left at a loss, looking in vain for the meaning of their dreams.
The Christian Attitude to Hippomancy in Twelfth-Century Szczecin and the Desacralization of the Sacred Horse
Authors: Dragnea Mihai
Published: August 2022

Among the “idolatrous” Pomeranians, the horse was considered a sacred animal that was kept in a major temple and used by priests in the exercise of their spiritual power. In order to diminish the influence of the Pomeranian priesthood upon the upper and lower classes, the German clergy sometimes desacralized the sacred horse. This study will analyze the missionaries’ tactic to reduce the faith of the Pomeranians in ancient superstitions such as divination and thus convince them to accept baptism voluntarily and not to organize raids against Christians. The analysis will provide a much deeper insight into the beliefs of the Slavic communities on the Baltic Sea in the ecclesiastical circles of the twelfth century. It will show that the horse was a key tool in Pomeranian society used in divination to decide about the most relevant public matters, including military campaigns.
Novel Method for Investigating the Correlation of Sensory Contribution and Cigarette Mainstream Smoke
Authors: Zhenjie Li , Xiaoxi Si , Ji Yang , Pei He , Zhihua Liu , Wei Zhang , Yubao Chen
Published: August 2022

The quality of tobacco products is directly related to the sensory contributions of related compounds in the mainstream smoke during tobacco combustion. Currently, there is no clear and perfect quantitative calculation method for tobacco quality assessment and prediction. In this paper,
samples of Qujing K326 and Dali Hongda were used as raw materials to simulate an actual tobacco smoke release environment. The mainstream smoke products were captured, separated and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The relative percentage of each compound in mainstream
tobacco smoke was obtained. Therefore, through relevant quantitative calculation, this study quantified the sensory contributions of compounds through flue gas separation. Finally, the evaluation quality of tobacco samples could be predicted accurately by neural network model. The methods
used in this paper can provide important technical support for tobacco quality control.
Utilization of Date Pulp (Phoenix dactylifera L.) as a Natural Source for Producing Functional Cake Products
Authors: Al-Moalem Maalem H.
Published: August 2022

The demand for healthy items such as sugar-free, low-calorie, and high-fiber foods is rising. The increased fiber content in meals is a new trend in the fight against health problems like hypertension, diabetes, and colon cancer, among others. The effects of date pulp powder (DPP) as
a sugar substitution on the chemical composition, nutritional values and sensory properties, of cake were studied. The obtained results revealed that, DPP had a higher concentration of crude fiber and ash (3.88 and 2.70%) than Wheat flour (WF) 72%, (1.04 and 0.65%). However, DPP constituted
a little high potassium value (513.32 mg/100 g), followed by phosphors and magnesium (87.5 and 42.90 mg/100 g, respectively). Chemical compositions of date cake product were increased compared with the control cake. The mineral contents and vitamins of date cake product were increased as compared
with the control. Sensory evaluation results indicated that, the date cake product had better taste and aroma compared to the control cake samples. The texture of the date cake product was lower compared to the control cake samples. In addition, there were no changes were found in overall
acceptability for date cake product and control.
Catalytic Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes by Ni/ZSM-5 Catalyst from Waste Plastic Syngas
Authors: Qi Tian , Hu Xiaorui , Lei Tingzhou , Jin Tingxiang , Zhu Shiquan , Jing Xiaoyue , Zhang Jun , Liu Mengfei , Song Yawen , Hu Shen , Cheng Chuanxiao
Published: August 2022

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been proved to be a high-value by-product of hydrogen production which could be obtained through catalytic reforming from waste plastic syngas. Catalyst plays an important role in the growth of carbon nanotubes. The influences of Ni/ZSM-5 catalyst and temperature
were performed in a lab-scale tubular reactor. The catalyst and produced carbon were analyzed by different characterization methods. X-ray diffraction, X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that in the presence
of catalyst, 600 °C is considered the optimal temperature during the operating temperature range of 400 °C~800 °C for carbon yield and hydrogen production rate, the highest carbon yield of 4.83 g/gcatalyst (among which the MWCNTs were the main products) and hydrogen
production rate of 0.0199 L/min were obtained. Higher catalytic temperature led to higher average diameter of carbon nanotubes, which increased from 39.5 nm to 55.3 nm. The highest carbon nanotubes proportion of 98.08% to total carbon deposition was obtained under the conditions of 800 °C.
It suggested that Ni/ZSM-5 catalyst has the potential for high quality carbon nanotubes and H2-riched gas production from waste plastic syngas.
Effects of Phellinus vaninii Ljup Polysaccharide on the Diabetes Induced by Streptozotocin and Cigarette Smoking in Maternal Rats and Their Offspring
Authors: Liu Zhihua , Miao Mingming , Li Zhenjie , Liang Jiaxin , Zhang Fengmei , Liu Chunbo , Si Xiaoxi , Kang Wenyi , Li Tianxiao , Jia Xuewei , Hao Hui , Xu Chunping
Published: August 2022

This research was carried out to determine the influences of cigarette smoking and the hypoglycemic effects of Phellinus vaninii Ljup polysaccharide (PS) on STZ (streptozotocin)-induced severe hyperglycemia maternal rats, as well as the postnatal development of their offspring.
The polysaccharide was administered orally and the cigarette smoke (CS) exposure was performed daily for four weeks. The food efficiency ratio, food intake, body weight gain, organ weights, and blood glucose level were tested for the maternal rats, and the body weight and glucose tolerance
tests were evaluated for their offspring. It was found that cigarette smoke exposure did not worsen hyperglycemia in maternal rats. In comparison with the control group, P. vaninii Ljup polysaccharide could obviously lower the blood glucose levels and increase the food efficiency ratio
of maternal rats, and can help prevent disorders in offspring. In addition, in comparison with the CS exposure group, the polysaccharide also exhibited protective effects that decreased the blood glucose levels and enhanced the food efficiency ratio of maternal rats, which also reduced the
blood glucose levels in their offspring at 32 weeks of age. These results suggested that P. vaninii Ljup polysaccharide could be potentially used to treat hyperglycemia in diabetic patients.
The Effect of Some Components Changes of Aspergillus niger Culture Media on the Production of Lipase Enzyme
Authors: Al-Meshal Areej Suliman
Published: August 2022

The current work aimed to study the effect of some component changes of Aspergillus niger culture media on the production of lipase enzyme. Media contained nitrogenous sources, ammonium nitrate, peptone, nitrate phosphate, mono-potassium phosphate, and aqueous magnesium sulfate.
It was found that the isolation was unable to grow and produce lipase enzyme efficiently due to the presence of inorganic nitrogen sources. The highest value of the dry weight rate was realized while using ammonium chloride at concentration of 1.23 g/100 ml. Ammonium nitrate was the best source
(treatment) compared to the rest of the sources at a concentration of 0.1 g/100 ml, where the dry weight was 1.28 g/100 ml, and the effectiveness of lipase was 22.86 U/ml. Adding peptone with the ammonium nitrate to the medium helped to raise the productivity of isolated fungus, where the
dry weight reached 2.75 g/100 ml, while the lipase activity reached 36.93 U/ml. The biomass in the organic nitrogen sources medium reached (2.24 g/100 ml). The highest value of the dry weight of phosphate source media (KH2PO4) reached (2.87 g/100 ml) at a concentration
(0.28 g/100 ml), achieving the best value of the lipase’s effectiveness (39.96 U/ml). Aqueous magnesium sulfate concentration media resulted in a sort increase in the fungus isolation biomass, as the highest biomass for aqueous magnesium sulfate media was (3.00 g/100 ml) at (0.05 g/100
ml) concentration.