bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An insight into CH···N hydrogen bond and stability of the complexes formed by trihalomethanes with ammonia and its monohalogenated derivatives
Authors: Thi Hong Man Nguyen , Le Nhan Pham , Vo Vien , Tuan Quang Duong , Tien Trung Nguyen
Published: November 2016

A theoretical study of the CH···N hydrogen bond in the interactions of trihalomethanes CHX3(X = F, Cl, Br) with ammonia and its halogen derivatives NH2Y (Y = F, Cl, Br) has been carried out thoroughly. The complexes are quite stable, and their stability increases in going from CHF3to CHCl3then to CHBr3when Y keeps unchanged. With the same CHX3proton donor, enhancement of the gas phase basicity of NH2Y strengthens stability of the CHX3···NH2Y complex. The CH···N hydrogen bond strength is directly proportional to the increase of proton affinity (PA) at N site of NH2Y and the decrease of deprotonation enthalpy (DPE) of CH bond in CHX3. The CHF3primarily appears to favor blue shift while the red‐shift is referred to the CHBr3. The blue‐ or red‐shift of CHCl3strongly depends on PA at N site of NH2Y. We suggest the ratio of DPE/PA as a factor to predict which type of hydrogen bond is observed upon complexation. The SAPT2+ results show that all CH···N interactions in the complexes are electrostatically driven regardless of the type of hydrogen bond, between 48% and 61% of the total attractive energy, and partly contributed by both induction and dispersion energies.
A new digital watermarking evaluation and benchmarking methodology using an external group of evaluators and multi‐criteria analysis based on ‘large‐scale data’
Authors: Zaidan B. B. , Zaidan A. A. , Karim H. Abdul. , Ahmad N. N.
Published: November 2016

Digital watermarking evaluation and benchmarking are challenging tasks because of multiple evaluation and conflicting criteria. A few approaches have been presented to implement digital watermarking evaluation and benchmarking frameworks. However, these approaches still possess a number of limitations, such as fixing several attributes on the account of other attributes. Well‐known benchmarking approaches are limited to robust watermarking. Therefore, this paper presents a new methodology for digital watermarking evaluation and benchmarking based on large‐scale data by using external evaluators and a group decision making context. Two experiments are performed. In the first experiment, a noise gate‐based digital watermarking approach is developed, and the scheme for the noise gate digital watermarking approach is enhanced. Sixty audio samples from different audio styles are tested with two algorithms. A total of 120 samples were evaluated according to three different metrics, namely, quality, payload, and complexity, to generate a set of digital watermarking samples. In the second experiment, the situation in which digital watermarking evaluators have different preferences is discussed. Weight measurement with a decision making solution is required to solve this issue. The analytic hierarchy process is used to measure evaluator preference. In the decision making solution, the technique for order of preference by similarity to the ideal solution with different contexts (e.g., individual and group) is utilized. Therefore, selecting the proper context with different aggregation operators to benchmark the results of experiment 1 (i.e., digital watermarking approaches) is recommended. The findings of this research are as follows: (1) group and individual decision making provide the same result in this case study. However, in the case of selection where the priority weights are generated from the evaluators, group decision making is the recommended solution to solve the trade‐off reflected in the benchmarking process for digital watermarking approaches. (2) Internal and external aggregations show that the enhanced watermarking approach demonstrates better performance than the original watermarking approach. © 2016 The Authors. Software: Practice and Experience published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
In‐memory distributed software solution to improve the performance of recommender systems
Authors: Costa‐Montenegro Enrique , Tsybanev Alexander , Cerezo‐Costas Héctor , Javier González‐Castaño Francisco , Gil‐Castiñeira Felipe , Barragáns‐Martínez Belén , Almuiña‐Troncoso Diego
Published: November 2016

Many recommender systems are currently available for proposing content (movies, TV series, music, etc.) to users according to different profiling metrics, such as ratings of previously consumed items and ratings of people with similar tastes. Recommendation algorithms are typically executed by powerful servers, as they are computationally expensive. In this paper, we propose a new software solution to improve the performance of recommender systems. Its implementation relies heavily on Apache Spark technology to speed up the computation of recommendation algorithms. It also includes a webserver, an API REST, and a content cache. To prove that our solution is valid and adequate, we have developed a movie recommender system based on two methods, both tested on the freely available Movielens and Netflix datasets. Performance was assessed by calculating root‐mean‐square error values and the times needed to produce a recommendation. We also provide quantitative measures of the speed improvement of the recommendation algorithms when the implementation is supported by a computing cluster. The contribution of this paper lies in the fact that our solution, which improves the performance of competitor recommender systems, is the first proposal combining a webserver, an API REST, a content cache and Apache Spark technology. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rigor or Restriction: Examining Close Reading With High School English Language Learners
Authors: Thomason Betty , Brown Clara Lee , Ward Natalia
Published: November 2016

English language learners (ELLs) are the fastest growing student subgroup in the United States, and public schools have the challenging task of teaching ELLs both English language and academic content. In spite of the attention given to improving outcomes for ELLs, the achievement gap between ELLs and native English speakers persists, especially in reading. Currently, 43 states have adopted the Common Core State Standards (CCSS; National Governors Association Center for Best Practices & Council of Chief State School Officers, ) for language arts and English curriculum (Achieve, 2013). To address achievement gaps in reading, CCSS recommend a close reading procedure that involves repeated readings of a single complex text to increase student reading comprehension of expository texts. In this pilot study, the researchers examined the appropriateness of close reading procedures prescribed by CCSS for ELLs. Six high school ELLs participated in two units of study in an English as a second language U.S. history class that implemented close reading procedures. The researchers found no evidence of either improved reading comprehension or U.S. history content knowledge. The participants also reported a loss of motivation to read after participating in close reading.
Teacher Cognition of Pronunciation Teaching: Teachers' Concerns and Issues
Authors: Couper Graeme
Published: November 2016

This article reports on teachers’ knowledge and perceptions and the issues they are concerned about in relation to pronunciation teaching. Understanding teacher cognition helps to ensure research and pedagogical advice are appropriately directed. However, there has been only a limited amount of research in this area. The researcher collected data for this study through semistructured interviews with 19 English language teachers in New Zealand. A number of themes emerged, including a lack of initial training and knowledge of phonology, leading to uncertainty about exactly what should be taught and how. This often meant pronunciation was neglected, especially in areas such as stress and intonation. It was also found that much teaching was ad hoc and in response to errors. Concerns included how to teach pronunciation in mixed–first language classes and how to help learners with speech perception. The findings raise questions for reflective practice, teacher education, and professional development; recent research has found some answers, but these are not all represented in the knowledge base of teachers, teacher education courses, or classroom textbooks. The issues raised also underline the need for more research in a number of areas.
Minimal Excision and Primary Suture is a Cost‐Efficient Definitive Treatment for Pilonidal Disease with Low Morbidity: A Population‐Based Interventional and a Cross‐Sectional Cohort Study
Authors: Khodakaram Kaveh , Stark Joachim , Höglund Ida , Andersson Roland E.
Published: November 2016

Background

Conventional treatment of pilonidal disease with wide excision is associated with high morbidity. We describe the short‐ and long‐term results and the impact on the health care system of a simple operation performed in the office under local anaesthesia, consisting of minimal excision of pilonidal sinuses with primary suture—the modified Lord–Millar operation (mLM).

Methods

All patients operated with mLM from February 2008 till November 2012 were prospectively followed for recurrence by telephone interviews and examination of symptomatic patients till July 2015. The outcome is compared with that in all patients operated with conventional wide excision from January 2003 till February 2008. The effects on the health care system of a consistent use of mLM is analysed by comparing the management of all patients with pilonidal disease at three hospitals during 2013 and 2014.

Results

Some 129 patients underwent conventional surgical treatment, and 113 had the mLM operation. The mLM operation was more often performed under local anaesthesia, was less often admitted to hospital, had fewer post‐operative health care visits (2.4 vs. 14.6, p < 0.001) and a shorter sick leave (1.0 vs. 34.7 days, p < 0.001) indicating faster wound healing. The estimated 5‐year recurrence rate was similar (32 vs. 23%, p = 0.091). The cost per operated patient was lower (2231 vs. 6222 EUR, p < 0.001). The hospital consistently applying the mLM operation used less resources for pilonidal diseased patients (34,545 vs. 77,421 EUR per 100,000 inhabitants and year).

Conclusions

The mLM operation is simple, cost‐efficient and has low morbidity and good long‐term results.
Laparoscopic Versus Open Cholecystectomy: A Cost–Effectiveness Analysis at Rwanda Military Hospital
Authors: Silverstein Allison , Costas‐Chavarri Ainhoa , Gakwaya Mussa R. , Lule Joseph , Mukhopadhyay Swagoto , Meara John G. , Shrime Mark G.
Published: November 2016

Background

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is first‐line treatment for uncomplicated gallstone disease in high‐income countries due to benefits such as shorter hospital stays, reduced morbidity, more rapid return to work, and lower mortality as well‐being considered cost‐effective. However, there persists a lack of uptake in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Thus, there is a need to evaluate laparoscopic cholecystectomy in comparison with an open approach in these settings.

Methods

A cost–effectiveness analysis was performed to evaluate laparoscopic and open cholecystectomies at Rwanda Military Hospital (RMH), a tertiary care referral hospital in Rwanda. Sensitivity and threshold analyses were performed to determine the robustness of the results.

Results

The laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy costs and effectiveness values were $2664.47 with 0.87 quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) and $2058.72 with 0.75 QALYs, respectively. The incremental cost–effectiveness ratio for laparoscopic over open cholecystectomy was $4946.18. Results are sensitive to the initial laparoscopic equipment investment and number of cases performed annually but robust to other parameters. The laparoscopic intervention is more cost‐effective with investment costs less than $91,979, greater than 65 cases annually, or at willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) thresholds greater than $3975/QALY.

Conclusions

At RMH, while laparoscopic cholecystectomy may be a more effective approach, it is also more expensive given the low caseload and high investment costs. At commonly accepted WTP thresholds, it is not cost‐effective. However, as investment costs decrease and/or case volume increases, the laparoscopic approach may become favorable. Countries and hospitals should aspire to develop innovative, low‐cost options in high volume to combat these barriers and provide laparoscopic surgery.
Inhibition of Mevalonate Pathway and Synthesis of the Storage Lipids in Human Liver‐Derived and Non‐liver Cell Lines by Lippia alba Essential Oils
Authors: Montero‐Villegas Sandra , Polo Mónica , Galle Marianela , Rodenak‐Kladniew Boris , Castro María , Ves‐Losada Ana , Crespo Rosana , García de Bravo Margarita
Published: November 2016

The essential oils (EOs) of Lippia alba, an herb extensively used as a folk medicine in Latin America, are today promoted as an effective means of eliminating problems caused by hyperlipemia. We hypothesized that L.alba EOs inhibited cholesterol and triacylglycerols synthesis and decreased the intracellular depots of those lipids (lipid droplets), mechanisms involving the induction of a hypolipidemic response. Our aim was, therefore, to evaluate the hypolipogenic capability of the EOs of four L. alba chemotypes on liver‐derived (HepG2) and non‐liver (A549) human cell lines and to identify the potential biochemical targets of those chemotypes, particularly within the mevalonate pathway (MP). [14C]Acetate was used as radioactive precursor for assays. Lipid analyses were performed by thin‐layer and capillary gas chromatography, lipid droplets analyzed by fluorescence microscopy, and HMGCR levels determined by Western blot. In both cell lines, all four chemotypes exerted hypocholesterogenic effects within a concentration range of 3.2–32 µg/mL. Nonsaponifiable lipids manifested a decrease in incorporation of [14C]acetate into squalene, lanosterol, lathosterol, and cholesterol, but not into ubiquinone, thus suggesting an inhibition of enzymes in the MP downstream from farnesyl pyrophosphate. The tagetenone chemotype, the most efficacious hypocholesterogenic L. alba EO, lowered HMGCR protein levels; inhibited triacylglycerols, cholesteryl esters, and phospholipids synthesis; and diminished lipid droplets in size and volume. These results revealed that L. alba EOs inhibited different lipogenic pathways and such lipid‐lowering effects could prove essential to prevent cardiovascular diseases.
Examining the Effects of Exposure to Religion in the Workplace on Perceptions of Religious Discrimination
Authors: Scheitle Christopher P. , Ecklund Elaine Howard
Published: November 2016

Charges of religion-related employment discrimination have doubled in the past decade. Multiple factors are likely contributing to this trend, such as the increased religious diversity of the US population and the increased interest of employees and some employers in bringing religion to work. Using national survey data we examine how the presence of religion in the workplace affects an individual's perception of religious discrimination and how this effect varies by the religious tradition of the individual. We find that the more an individual reports that religion comes up at work, the more likely it is that the individual will perceive religious discrimination. This effect remains even after taking into account the individual's own religious tradition, religiosity, and frequency of talking to others about religion. This effect is stronger, however, for Catholics, Mainline Protestants, and for the religiously unaffiliated. In workplaces where religion is said to never come up these groups are among the least likely to perceive religious discrimination. Jews, Muslims, Hindus, and Evangelical Protestants are more likely to perceive religious discrimination in the workplace even if they say that religion never comes up at work, which makes the effect of exposure to religion in the workplace weaker for these groups. These results show that keeping religion out of the workplace will largely eliminate perceptions of religious discrimination for some groups, but for other groups the perceptions will remain.
Teaming Up to Take Down Community-Acquired Bloodstream Infections: A Program Aimed at Educating and Training Nurses in the Community
Authors: Falder-Saeed Karie , McClain Kristen , Patton Lindsey , Langford Melissa , Marusich Jennifer , Flom Lindsey
Published: November 2016

Background: Advances in medical technology have allowed pediatric patients to be discharged home with complex devices, including central venous catheters (CVCs). For these patients to be safely discharged, families require training to care for these catheters. At a large children's hospital, extensive family education and training for CVCs was already established. However, community caregivers were not receiving the same training. In an effort to target these caregivers, an education program was designed and implemented in 2011.

Methods: The program was originally designed and implemented by nurses on a gastroenterology unit and has expanded to include instructors from the vascular access team, hematology/oncology department, and pulmonary department. All community nurses providing care for pediatric patients in the region are welcome to attend the free class with education hours offered. The class is structured with lecture time and skills practice through simulation.

Results: Since the program began in 2011, 34 classes have been offered and 305 nurses have attended from multiple home health companies and school districts in the region. Community-acquired central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) rates for the pediatric gastroenterology and oncology patient populations have decreased significantly since the class began.

Conclusions: An education program targeting nurses in the community who care for complex patients with CVCs can decrease community-acquired infection rates and complications. This program can be designed and tailored for multiple patient populations with varying complexities and medical devices.
Innovative Positioning for Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter Insertion on a Prone Patient
Authors: Patrona-Aurand Rosanna , Lovett Karen A. , Kochur Katherine
Published: November 2016

Our hospital, a 220-bed, level-1 trauma center, sees an increase in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) during the winter months. To maximize an ARDS patient's lung capacity and improve mortality rates (which can be as high as 40%), it is common for a critically ill patient to remain intubated in a prone position until ventilation/perfusion rates improve. When central line access is needed, but the patient cannot tolerate staying supine for the procedure, it was hypothesized that a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) could be placed with the patient prone. Six patients received PICCs with a 100% success rate. The ability to place a PICC in any critically ill, prone patient can expedite the administration of fluids and drugs by the critical care team and assist them in providing optimal care.
Men Presenting with Sexual Thoughts of Children or Coercion: Flights of Fancy or Plans for Crime?
Authors: Turner-Moore Rhys , Waterman Mitch
Published: November 2016

Introduction

There is limited evaluation of clinical and theoretical claims that sexual thoughts of children and coercing others facilitate sexual offending. The nature of these thoughts (what they contain) also is unknown.

Aim

To examine the relation between child or coercive sexual thoughts and sexual offending and to determine the nature of these thoughts and any differences among sexual offending (SO), non-sexual offending (NSO), and non-offending (NO) men.

Methods

In a cross-sectional computerized survey, anonymous qualitative and quantitative self-reported sexual thought and experience data were collected from 279 adult volunteers composing equal numbers of SO, NSO, and NO men recruited from a medium-security UK prison and a community sample of 6,081 men.

Main Outcome Measures

Computerized Interview for Sexual Thoughts and Computerized Inventory of Sexual Experiences.

Results

Three analytical approaches found child sexual thoughts were related to sexual offending; sexual thoughts with coercive themes were not. Latent class analyses identified three types of child sexual thought (primarily differentiated by interpersonal context: the reporting of own emotions, emotions of others, or both) and four types of sexual thoughts of coercing others (chiefly discriminated by the other person's response: no emotional states reported, consent, non-consent, or mixed). Type of child sexual thought and participant group were not significantly related. Type of coercive sexual thought and group were marginally related; the consensual type was more common for the NO group and the non-consensual type was more common for the SO group than expected statistically.

Conclusion

Child sexual thoughts are a risk factor for sexual offending and should be assessed by clinicians. In general, sexual thoughts with coercive themes are not a risk factor, although thought type could be important (ie, thoughts in which the other person expresses an enduring lack of consent). Exploring the dynamic risk factors associated with each type of child and coercive thought could lead to more targeted treatment.
Circadian Rhythm and Sleep During Prolonged Antarctic Residence at Chinese Zhongshan Station
Authors: Chen Nan , Wu Quan , Xiong Yanlei , Chen Guang , Song Dandan , Xu Chengli
Published: November 2016

Objective

Residence at Zhongshan Station (69°22′24″S, 76°22′40″E) for over 1 year exposes winter-over members to marked changes of light−dark cycle, ranging from the constant daylight of polar days to the constant darkness of polar nights, in addition to geographic and social isolation. This extreme photoperiodic environment may increase the risk of sleep disturbances and circadian desynchrony. The aim of this study was to investigate the circadian rhythm and sleep phase of Chinese winter-over expeditioners at Zhongshan Station.

Methods

This study was conducted on 17 healthy male participants before departure from Shanghai and during residence at Zhongshan Station for 1 year (before winter, mid-winter, and end of winter). Sequential urine samples over 48 hours were obtained, 6-sulphatoxymelatonin in urine was assessed, and the circadian rhythm was analyzed by a cosine curve-fitting method. Participants’ sleep parameters were obtained from wrist actigraphy and sleep logs. Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire and Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire were completed.

Results

The acrophase of 6-sulphatoxymelatonin rhythm, sleep onset, sleep offset, and mid-sleep time were delayed significantly ( P < .05) in Antarctica relative to departure values. The subjects had greater eveningness preference ( P < .05) in mid-winter in Antarctica. The Global Seasonality Score and the prevalence of subsyndromal seasonal affective disorder increased ( P < .05) during winter.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that during polar nights Chinese expeditioners experienced the following problems: delayed circadian rhythm and sleep phase, later chronotype, and incidence of subsyndromal seasonal affective disorder. An appropriate combination of artificial bright light during dark winter months and a strict social schedule are recommended in a winter-over station in Antarctica.
Clinical and Epidemiological Aspects of Scorpionism in the World: A Systematic Review
Authors: Santos Maria S.V. , Silva Cláudio G.L. , Neto Basílio Silva , Grangeiro Júnior Cícero R.P. , Lopes Victor H.G. , Teixeira Júnior Antônio G. , Bezerra Deryk A. , Luna João V.C.P. , Cordeiro Josué B. , Júnior Jucier Gonçalves , Lima Marcos A.P.
Published: November 2016

Objective

Scorpion stings are registered worldwide, but the incidence and the features of the envenomations vary depending on the region. The aim of this review was to summarize the epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic data worldwide regarding humans stung by scorpions.

Methods

A systematic review of the literature was conducted through the online databases of the Virtual Health Library (VHL), which hosts Medline and the Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Informational (LILACS) database. We selected articles published between January 1, 2002 and July 31, 2014.

Results

Scorpion envenomation reports were found throughout the world, mainly in subtropical and tropical regions. The clinical manifestations were sympathetically and parasympathetically mediated, depending on the species of scorpion. Some of the most common severe complications of scorpionism included respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary edema, cardiac dysfunction, impaired hemostasis, pancreatitis, and multiple organ failure. Scorpion envenomation could be classified as mild, moderate, and severe, and the therapeutic approach was based on the case severity. The treatment comprised 3 components: symptomatic measures, vital functions support, and injection of antivenom. Moreover, the time that elapsed between the sting and administration of the appropriate medical care was extremely important to the patient’s prognosis.

Conclusions

The large number of scorpion stings worldwide is concerning and reaffirms the need for new prevention measures and policies to reduce the incidence, prevalence, morbidity, and mortality rates from these poisonous arachnids.
Pain management of acute appendicitis in Canadian pediatric emergency departments
Authors: Robb Andrea L. , Ali Samina , Poonai Naveen , Thompson Graham C. ,   the Pediatric Emergency Research Canada (PERC) Appendicitis Study Group
Published: November 2016

Objectives

Children with suspected appendicitis are at risk for suboptimal pain management. We sought to describe pain management patterns for suspected appendicitis across Canadian pediatric emergency departments (PEDs).

Methods

A retrospective medical record review was undertaken at 12 Canadian PEDs. Children ages 3 to 17 years who were admitted to the hospital in February or October 2010 with suspected appendicitis were included. Patients were excluded if partially assessed or treated at another hospital. Data were abstracted using a study-specific, standardized electronic data extraction tool. The primary outcome was the proportion of children who received analgesia while in the emergency department (ED). Secondary outcomes included the proportion of children receiving intravenous (IV) morphine and the timing of analgesic provision.

Results

A total of 619 health records were abstracted; mean (SD) patient age was 11.4 (3.5) years. Sixty-one percent (381/616) of patients received analgesia in the ED; 42.8% (264/616) received IV morphine. Other analgesic agents provided included oral acetaminophen (23.5% [145/616]) and oral ibuprofen (5.8% [36/616]). The median (IQR) initial dose of IV morphine was 0.06 (0.04, 0.09) mg/kg. The median (IQR) time from triage to the initial dose of analgesia was 196 (101, 309.5) minutes. Forty-three percent (117/269) of children receiving analgesia received the initial dose following surgical consultation; 43.7% (121/277) received their first analgesic after abdominal ultrasound was performed.

Conclusions

Suboptimal and delayed analgesia remains a significant issue for children with suspected appendicitis in Canadian PEDs. This suggests a role for multidimensional knowledge translation interventions and care protocols to improve timely access to analgesia.
Habitat establishment, captive breeding and conservation translocation to save threatened populations of the Vulnerable European mudminnowUmbra krameri
Authors: Tatár Sándor , Bajomi Bálint , Specziár András , Tóth Balázs , Müllerné Trenovszki Magdolna , Urbányi Béla , Csányi Béla , Szekeres József , Müller Tamás
Published: November 2016

In Europe 37% of freshwater fish are threatened. However, conservation activity is less widespread for fish compared to other vertebrate groups. The Vulnerable European mudminnowUmbra krameriis a marshland fish endemic to the Carpathian Basin. Its range and population have declined significantly since the 1990s. The main threats to the species are habitat loss and the invasive Chinese sleeperPerccottus glenii. During 2008–2012 a species conservation programme was established to rescue broodstocks from threatened populations, breed them under controlled conditions, translocate both rescued fish and their laboratory-reared offspring to surrogate habitats, and finally reintroduce offspring to their original habitats. Broodstocks from three threatened habitats were bred in the laboratory and produced offspring appropriate for stocking. Six artificial ponds were created in the pilot study area according to the environmental needs of the species, four of which proved to be suitable surrogate habitats in which translocated fish survived and reproduced successfully. Populations in the original habitats were supplemented with fish from laboratory breeding and from the natural recruitment of surrogate habitats, with special care of the corresponding broodstocks. Future challenges include improving our knowledge about the ecological processes in which the European mudminnow participates, identifying the most threatened populations, habitats suitable for restoration and potential areas for creation of surrogate habitats, and enhancing induced propagation methodology.
Flyer Symptom Navi zur Unterstützung des Selbstmanagements von Symptomen bei Krebs – Evaluation von Anwendbarkeit und Verständlichkeit
Authors: Kropf-Staub Susanne , Sailer Schramm Monique , Preusse-Bleuer Barbara , Eicher Manuela , Zürcher Sabin
Published: November 2016

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Kurze, mit grafischen Elementen ergänzte Informationen können das Selbstmanagement von Symptomen unterstützen. Die Förderung des Selbstmanagements ist ein wichtiges Element in der Behandlung onkologischer Patient(inn)en. Seit 2011 wurden Flyer zur Patient(inn)eninformation, sogenannte Symptom Navi, in drei unterschiedlichen Varianten entwickelt. Ziel: Um die Basis für eine einheitliche, schweizweit verwendbare Version der Symptom Navi zu legen, wurden a) der Nutzen der Symptom Navi, b) die Präferenz für eine grafische Gestaltung sowie c) die Verständlichkeit der Texte bei Patient(inn)en und Fachpersonen evaluiert. Methode: Es wurden drei Fokusgruppen mit 15 Betroffenen und eine Online-Befragung mit 16 Fachpersonen durchgeführt. Deskriptive Datenanalysen wurden mit einer qualitativen, thematischen Analyse ergänzt. Ergebnisse: Grundsätzlich wurden die Symptom Navi begrüßt. Für Betroffene waren notwendige Informationen gut auffindbar und in ihrer Kürze informativ. Die Struktur der Symptom Navi wurde als Lesehilfe bezeichnet. Für die Selbsteinschätzung des Befindens wurden Smileys anderen grafischen Darstellungen vorgezogen. Die Abstufung der Symptomintensität vermittelte Patient(inn)en Sicherheit. Die Symptom Navi können eine persönliche Patient(inn)enedukation nicht ersetzen. Schlussfolgerungen: Das bevorzugte Layout der Symptom Navi wird weiterentwickelt und in einer nächsten Evaluation auf dessen Inhaltsvalidität getestet.
Age Differences in the Effects of Self-Esteem
Authors: Chui Helena , Diehl Manfred
Published: November 2016

Abstract. This study examined the link between physical symptoms, affect, and self-esteem in everyday life across adulthood. The sample consisted of young, middle-aged, and older adults. Results indicated a significant Self-Esteem × Physical Symptoms interaction on positive affect (PA). The effect of self-esteem on PA was lower with increasing physical symptoms. For negative affect (NA), the Self-Esteem × Physical Symptoms × Age interaction was significant. In older adults, the effect of self-esteem on NA was lower with increasing physical symptoms. Thus, the effect of self-esteem ran opposite to the expected buffering effect. In addition, the age difference in the effect of self-esteem on NA presents potential challenges to the adaptive capacity of older adults in emotional well-being.
Monitoring Pronouns in Conflicts
Authors: Neysari Mona , Bodenmann Guy , Mehl Matthias R. , Bernecker Katharina , Nussbeck Fridtjof W. , Backes Sabine , Zemp Martina , Martin Mike , Horn Andrea B.
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Conflict communication represents a basic process for the quality of intimate relationships, which is fundamental to well-being over the lifespan. This study investigates the temporal unfolding of different relational perspectives during a conflict situation by monitoring pronoun use in young, middle-aged, and old couples within the theoretical framework of Gottman’s phases of conflict. Our results reveal different trajectories of “I”-, “you”-, and “we”-talk over a conflict conversation in both partners. These trajectories differ between females and males. Furthermore, “you”-talk and “we”-talk differed among the age groups over time. Understanding the temporal dynamics of marital communication as reflected by pronoun use seems promising for a better understanding of conflict related processes in couples over the lifespan.
Testing the Tangible Interactive Window with Older Adults
Authors: Angelini Leonardo , Carrino Francesco , Caon Maurizio , Lemaréchal Frédéric , Couture Nadine , Khaled Omar Abou , Mugellini Elena
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Social relationships are crucial for older adults’ well-being. Past research demonstrated that video-communication technology could reduce social isolation. However, most commercial telecommunication systems have interfaces that are too complex to be operated by older adults without assistance. In this paper, we present a system that exploits the tangible affordances of a physical window to provide a natural interface for an always-on video-communication system. In addition, we present a case study focused on the system accessibility and user acceptance with 8 older adults living in a retirement home. We also describe the preliminary findings based on an observation study and on a semistructured interview. Finally, we discuss the possible improvements and impact this system might have on older adults’ life.
Laser-induced phase separation of silicon carbide
Authors: Choi Insung , Jeong Hu Young , Shin Hyeyoung , Kang Gyeongwon , Byun Myunghwan , Kim Hyungjun , Chitu Adrian M. , Im James S. , Ruoff Rodney S. , Choi Sung-Yool , Lee Keon Jae
Published: November 2016

Understanding the phase separation mechanism of solid-state binary compounds induced by laser–material interaction is a challenge because of the complexity of the compound materials and short processing times. Here we present xenon chloride excimer laser-induced melt-mediated phase separation and surface reconstruction of single-crystal silicon carbide and study this process by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and a time-resolved reflectance method. A single-pulse laser irradiation triggers melting of the silicon carbide surface, resulting in a phase separation into a disordered carbon layer with partially graphitic domains (∼2.5 nm) and polycrystalline silicon (∼5 nm). Additional pulse irradiations cause sublimation of only the separated silicon element and subsequent transformation of the disordered carbon layer into multilayer graphene. The results demonstrate viability of synthesizing ultra-thin nanomaterials by the decomposition of a binary system.
Stacked antiaromatic porphyrins
Authors: Nozawa Ryo , Tanaka Hiroko , Cha Won-Young , Hong Yongseok , Hisaki Ichiro , Shimizu Soji , Shin Ji-Young , Kowalczyk Tim , Irle Stephan , Kim Dongho , Shinokubo Hiroshi
Published: November 2016

Aromaticity is a key concept in organic chemistry. Even though this concept has already been theoretically extrapolated to three dimensions, it usually still remains restricted to planar molecules in organic chemistry textbooks. Stacking of antiaromatic π-systems has been proposed to induce three-dimensional aromaticity as a result of strong frontier orbital interactions. However, experimental evidence to support this prediction still remains elusive so far. Here we report that close stacking of antiaromatic porphyrins diminishes their inherent antiaromaticity in the solid state as well as in solution. The antiaromatic stacking furthermore allows a delocalization of the π-electrons, which enhances the two-photon absorption cross-section values of the antiaromatic porphyrins. This feature enables the dynamic switching of the non-linear optical properties by controlling the arrangement of antiaromatic π-systems on the basis of intermolecular orbital interactions.
Coding and decoding libraries of sequence-defined functional copolymers synthesized via photoligation
Authors: Zydziak Nicolas , Konrad Waldemar , Feist Florian , Afonin Sergii , Weidner Steffen , Barner-Kowollik Christopher
Published: November 2016

Designing artificial macromolecules with absolute sequence order represents a considerable challenge. Here we report an advanced light-induced avenue to monodisperse sequence-defined functional linear macromolecules up to decamers via a unique photochemical approach. The versatility of the synthetic strategy—combining sequential and modular concepts—enables the synthesis of perfect macromolecules varying in chemical constitution and topology. Specific functions are placed at arbitrary positions along the chain via the successive addition of monomer units and blocks, leading to a library of functional homopolymers, alternating copolymers and block copolymers. The in-depth characterization of each sequence-defined chain confirms the precision nature of the macromolecules. Decoding of the functional information contained in the molecular structure is achieved via tandem mass spectrometry without recourse to their synthetic history, showing that the sequence information can be read. We submit that the presented photochemical strategy is a viable and advanced concept for coding individual monomer units along a macromolecular chain.
Small heat shock proteins sequester misfolding proteins in near-native conformation for cellular protection and efficient refolding
Authors: Ungelenk Sophia , Moayed Fatemeh , Ho Chi-Ting , Grousl Tomas , Scharf Annette , Mashaghi Alireza , Tans Sander , Mayer Matthias P. , Mogk Axel , Bukau Bernd
Published: November 2016

Small heat shock proteins (sHsp) constitute an evolutionary conserved yet diverse family of chaperones acting as first line of defence against proteotoxic stress. sHsps coaggregate with misfolded proteins but the molecular basis and functional implications of these interactions, as well as potential sHsp specific differences, are poorly explored. In a comparative analysis of the two yeast sHsps, Hsp26 and Hsp42, we show in vitro that model substrates retain near-native state and are kept physically separated when complexed with either sHsp, while being completely unfolded when aggregated without sHsps. Hsp42 acts as aggregase to promote protein aggregation and specifically ensures cellular fitness during heat stress. Hsp26 in contrast lacks aggregase function but is superior in facilitating Hsp70/Hsp100-dependent post-stress refolding. Our findings indicate the sHsps of a cell functionally diversify in stress defence, but share the working principle to promote sequestration of misfolding proteins for storage in native-like conformation.
Prospects for a prolonged slowdown in global warming in the early 21st century
Authors: Knutson Thomas R. , Zhang Rong , Horowitz Larry W.
Published: November 2016

Global mean temperature over 1998 to 2015 increased at a slower rate (0.1 K decade−1) compared with the ensemble mean (forced) warming rate projected by Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) models (0.2 K decade−1). Here we investigate the prospects for this slower rate to persist for a decade or more. The slower rate could persist if the transient climate response is overestimated by CMIP5 models by a factor of two, as suggested by recent low-end estimates. Alternatively, using CMIP5 models’ warming rate, the slower rate could still persist due to strong multidecadal internal variability cooling. Combining the CMIP5 ensemble warming rate with internal variability episodes from a single climate model—having the strongest multidecadal variability among CMIP5 models—we estimate that the warming slowdown (<0.1 K decade−1 trend beginning in 1998) could persist, due to internal variability cooling, through 2020, 2025 or 2030 with probabilities 16%, 11% and 6%, respectively.
Machine-learning approach identifies a pattern of gene expression in peripheral blood that can accurately detect ischaemic stroke
Authors: O’Connell Grant C , Petrone Ashley B , Treadway Madison B , Tennant Connie S , Lucke-Wold Noelle , Chantler Paul D , Barr Taura L
Published: November 2016

Early and accurate diagnosis of stroke improves the probability of positive outcome. The objective of this study was to identify a pattern of gene expression in peripheral blood that could potentially be optimised to expedite the diagnosis of acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). A discovery cohort was recruited consisting of 39 AIS patients and 24 neurologically asymptomatic controls. Peripheral blood was sampled at emergency department admission, and genome-wide expression profiling was performed via microarray. A machine-learning technique known as genetic algorithm k-nearest neighbours (GA/kNN) was then used to identify a pattern of gene expression that could optimally discriminate between groups. This pattern of expression was then assessed via qRT-PCR in an independent validation cohort, where it was evaluated for its ability to discriminate between an additional 39 AIS patients and 30 neurologically asymptomatic controls, as well as 20 acute stroke mimics. GA/kNN identified 10 genes (ANTXR2, STK3, PDK4, CD163, MAL, GRAP, ID3, CTSZ, KIF1B and PLXDC2) whose coordinate pattern of expression was able to identify 98.4% of discovery cohort subjects correctly (97.4% sensitive, 100% specific). In the validation cohort, the expression levels of the same 10 genes were able to identify 95.6% of subjects correctly when comparing AIS patients to asymptomatic controls (92.3% sensitive, 100% specific), and 94.9% of subjects correctly when comparing AIS patients with stroke mimics (97.4% sensitive, 90.0% specific). The transcriptional pattern identified in this study shows strong diagnostic potential, and warrants further evaluation to determine its true clinical efficacy.
Exposure of Mycobacterium marinum to low-shear modeled microgravity: effect on growth, the transcriptome and survival under stress
Authors: Abshire Camille F , Prasai Kanchanjunga , Soto Israel , Shi Runhua , Concha Monica , Baddoo Melody , Flemington Erik K , Ennis Don G , Scott Rona S , Harrison Lynn
Published: November 2016

Waterborne pathogenic mycobacteria can form biofilms, and certain species can cause hard-to-treat human lung infections. Astronaut health could therefore be compromised if the spacecraft environment or water becomes contaminated with pathogenic mycobacteria. This work usesMycobacterium marinumto determine the physiological changes in a pathogenic mycobacteria grown under low-shear modeled microgravity (LSMMG).M. marinumwere grown in high aspect ratio vessels (HARVs) using a rotary cell culture system subjected to LSMMG or the control orientation (normal gravity, NG) and the cultures used to determine bacterial growth, bacterium size, transcriptome changes, and resistance to stress. Two exposure times to LSMMG and NG were examined: bacteria were grown for ~40 h (short), or 4 days followed by re-dilution and growth for ~35 h (long).M. marinumexposed to LSMMG transitioned from exponential phase earlier than the NG culture. They were more sensitive to hydrogen peroxide but showed no change in resistance to gamma radiation or pH 3.5. RNA-Seq detected significantly altered transcript levels for 562 and 328 genes under LSMMG after short and long exposure times, respectively. Results suggest that LSMMG induced a reduction in translation, a downregulation of metabolism, an increase in lipid degradation, and increased chaperone and mycobactin expression. Sigma factor H (sigH) was the only sigma factor transcript induced by LSMMG after both short and long exposure times. In summary, transcriptome studies suggest that LSMMG may simulate a nutrient-deprived environment similar to that found within macrophage during infection. SigH is also implicated in theM. marinumLSMMG transcriptome response.
Visual search performance is predicted by both prestimulus and poststimulus electrical brain activity
Authors: van den Berg Berry , Appelbaum Lawrence G. , Clark Kait , Lorist Monicque M. , Woldorff Marty G.
Published: November 2016

An individual’s performance on cognitive and perceptual tasks varies considerably across time and circumstances. We investigated neural mechanisms underlying such performance variability using regression-based analyses to examine trial-by-trial relationships between response times (RTs) and different facets of electrical brain activity. Thirteen participants trained five days on a color-popout visual-search task, with EEG recorded on days one and five. The task was to find a color-popout target ellipse in a briefly presented array of ellipses and discriminate its orientation. Later within a session, better preparatory attention (reflected by less prestimulus Alpha-band oscillatory activity) and better poststimulus early visual responses (reflected by larger sensory N1 waves) correlated with faster RTs. However, N1 amplitudes decreased by half throughout each session, suggesting adoption of a more efficient search strategy within a session. Additionally, fast RTs were preceded by earlier and larger lateralized N2pc waves, reflecting faster and stronger attentional orienting to the targets. Finally, SPCN waves associated with target-orientation discrimination were smaller for fast RTs in the first but not the fifth session, suggesting optimization with practice. Collectively, these results delineate variations in visual search processes that change over an experimental session, while also pointing to cortical mechanisms underlying performance in visual search.
The use of the NEDD8 inhibitor MLN4924 (Pevonedistat) in a cyclotherapy approach to protect wild-type p53 cells from MLN4924 induced toxicity
Authors: Malhab Lara J. Bou , Descamps Simon , Delaval Benedicte , Xirodimas Dimitris P.
Published: November 2016

Targetting the ubiquitin pathway is an attractive strategy for cancer therapy. The inhibitor of the ubiquitin-like molecule NEDD8 pathway, MLN4924 (Pevonedistat) is in Phase II clinical trials. Protection of healthy cells from the induced toxicity of the treatment while preserving anticancer efficacy is a highly anticipated outcome in chemotherapy. Cyclotherapy was proposed as a promising approach to achieve this goal. We found that cytostatic activation of p53 protects cells against MLN4924-induced toxicity and importantly the effects are reversible. In contrast, cells with mutant or no p53 remain sensitive to NEDD8 inhibition. Using zebrafish embryos, we show that MLN4924-induced apoptosis is reduced upon pre-treatment with actinomycin D in vivo. Our studies show that the cellular effects of NEDD8 inhibition can be manipulated based on the p53 status and that NEDD8 inhibitors can be used in a p53-based cyclotherapy protocol to specifically target cancer cells devoid of wild type p53 function, while healthy cells will be protected from the induced toxicity.