bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Two R2R3-MYB Genes Involved in Flavan-3-Ols Biosynthesis as Modulated by Salicylic Acid Through RNA-Seq in Grape Berries (Vitis spp.)
Authors: Yu Fengchan , Zhai Pengfei , Ge Wenjing , Zhou Runtian , Zan Shuwen , Liang Jinjun , Wen Pengfei , Gao Yu Gary
Published: November 2024

Flavan-3-ols are plant secondary metabolites that play important roles in stress resistance. Our previous studies revealed that salicylic acid (SA) activates R2R3-MYB transcription factors, promoting flavan-3-ol biosynthesis. This study identified two R2R3-MYB genes that exhibited positive responses to both exogenous SA and were probably involved in flavan-3-ol biosynthesis through RNA-sequencing, functional enrichment analysis, and qRT-PCR. The results indicated that the contents of total flavan-3-ols and their monomers, (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin, in grape berries after exogenous SA application were substantially increased compared to those in the control. A total of 683 differentially expressed genes in response to exogenous SA treatment were identified using RNA-seq. KEGG analysis revealed enrichment of the ‘flavonoid biosynthesis’ and ‘plant hormone signal transduction’ pathways. A specific module highly associated with flavan-3-ol biosynthesis was identified by constructing a co-expression network. Two candidate genes (VvMYB108B and VvMYB145) likely participating in flavan-3-ol biosynthesis were selected using qRT-PCR. Therefore, these two potential genes that respond to SA and putatively participate in flavan-3-ol biosynthesis were identified for the first time. These results lay a solid basis for a more profound understanding of the molecular regulation of flavan-3-ol biosynthesis in grapes.
Modeling and Parameter Selection of the Corn Straw–Soil Composite Model Based on the DEM
Authors: Xu Tianyue , Gou Yan , Huang Dongyan , Yu Jianqun , Li Chunrong , Wang Jingli
Published: November 2024

During corn harvesting operations, machine–straw–soil contact often occurs, but there is a lack of research related to the role of straw–soil contact. Therefore, in this study, a composite contact model of corn straw‒soil particles was established based on the discrete element method (DEM). First, the discrete element Hertz‒Mindlin method with bonding particle contact was used to establish a numerical model of the double-bonded bimodal distribution of corn straw, and bonding particle models of the outer skin‒outer skin, inner pulp‒inner pulp, and outer skin‒inner pulp were developed. The nonhomogeneous and deformable material properties were accurately expressed. The straw compression test combined with simulation calibration was used to determine some of the bonding contact parameters by means of the PB (Plackett–Burman) test, the steepest ascent test, and the BB (Box–Behnken) test. Additionally, Additionally, the Hertz-Mindlin with JKR (Johnson-Kendall-Roberts) + bonding key model was used to establish the numerical model of the soil particles, which was used to describe the irregularity and adhesion properties of the soil particles. The geometric model of the soil particles was established using the multisphere filling method. Finally, a composite contact model of corn straw‒soil particles was established, the contact parameters between straw and soil were calibrated via collision tests, inclined tests and inclined rolling tests, and the established composite contact model was further verified through direct shear tests between straw and soil. A theoretical foundation for the optimal design of equipment linked to maize harvesting is provided by this work.
Dynamics of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Rhizosphere of Medicinal Plants and Their Promotion on the Performance of Astragalus mongholicus
Authors: Zhang Wanyi , He Chao , Lin Yuli , Qin Shenghui , Wang Duo , Li Chunmiao , Li Min , Sun Xiang , He Xueli
Published: November 2024

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) act as intermediaries between the root systems of host plants and the surrounding soil, offering various benefits to medicinal plants, such as promoting growth and enhancing quality. However, the host range of AMF in medicinal plants and the characteristics of plant–AMF networks in farmland ecosystems remain insufficiently studied. In the present study, we measured AMF colonization, species diversity, and soil properties of 31 medicinal plants at the Anguo Medicine Planting Base in Northwest China. The medicinal plant–AMF network was subsequently analyzed, and the growth-promoting effects of AMF on Astragalus mongholicus were examined. Spore density, species richness, and total colonization exhibited significant variation across different medicinal plant species. Glomus melanosporum, G. claroideum, and Septoglomus constrictum were the dominant species among 61 AMF species. Soil organic matter, phosphatase, available nitrogen, and glomalin-related soil proteins (GRSPs) were the main factors affecting the AMF composition. Structural equation models and a variation partitioning analysis suggested a highly plant species-specific pattern of AMF distribution patterns, where the host identities explained 61.4% of changes in spore density and 48.2% of AMF colonization. The soil nutrient availability and phosphatase activity also influenced AMF colonization. Our results confirmed glomalin as an important contributor to the soil carbon in farmland for cultivating medicinal plants. The medicinal plant–AMF symbiotic network exhibited highly nested patterns, a low specialized structure, high connectance, and low modularity, which suggested saturated AMF colonization and symbiosis stability provided by redundant plant–AMF associations. Despite the wide host range among medicinal plants, AMF inoculation revealed species-specific effects on the growth performance and active ingredient content levels in A. mongholicus, G. claroideum and Sep. constrictum induced the highest biomass and active ingredient content accumulation in A. mongholicus. These findings advance our understanding of AMF community dynamics in the rhizosphere of medicinal plants and offer valuable insights for optimizing medicinal plant cultivation practices.
Forecasting and Comparative Application of PV System Electricity Generation for Sprinkler Irrigation Machines Based on Multiple Models
Authors: Li Bohan , Liu Kenan , Cai Yaohui , Sun Wei , Feng Quan
Published: November 2024

Currently, photovoltaic (PV) resources have been widely applied in the agricultural sector. However, due to the unreasonable configuration of multi-energy collaboration, issues such as unstable power supply and high investment costs still persist. Therefore, this study proposes a solution to reasonably determine the area and capacity of PV panels for irrigation machines, addressing the fluctuations in power generation of solar sprinkler PV systems under different regional and meteorological conditions. The aim is to more accurately predict photovoltaic power generation (PVPG) to optimize the configuration of the solar sprinkler power supply system, ensuring reliability while reducing investment costs. This paper first establishes a PVPG prediction model based on four forecasting models and conducts a comparative analysis to identify the optimal model. Next, annual, seasonal, and solar term scale models are developed and further studied in conjunction with the optimal model, using evaluation metrics to assess and compare the models. Finally, a mathematical model is established based on the optimal combination and solved to optimize the configuration of the power supply system in the irrigation machines. The results indicate that among the four PVPG prediction models, the SARIMAX model performs the best, as the R2 index reached 0.948, which was 19.4% higher than the others, while the MAE index was 10% lower than the others. The solar term scale model exhibited the highest accuracy among the three time scale models, the RMSE index was 4.8% lower than the others, and the MAE index was 1.1% lower than the others. After optimizing the configuration of the power supply system for the irrigation machine using the SARIMAX model based on the solar term scale, it is verified that the model can ensure both power supply reliability and manage energy overflow effectively.
Processing Tomato and Potato Response to Biostimulant Application in Open Field: An Overview
Authors: Golin Marco Francesco , Giannini Vittoria , Bagarello Marco , Vernaza Cartagena Wendy Carolina , Giordano Maria , Maucieri Carmelo
Published: November 2024

Biostimulants include a wide array of microorganisms and substances that can exert beneficial effects on plant development and growth, often enhancing nutrient uptake and improving tolerance against abiotic and biotic stress. Depending on their composition and time of application, these products can influence plant physiology directly as growth regulators or indirectly through environmental condition changes in the rhizosphere, such as nutrient and water availability. This review evaluated 48 case studies from 39 papers to summarize the effects of biostimulant application on fruit and tuber yields and on the quality of processing tomato and potato in open field conditions. For potato, PGPR bacteria were the main studied biostimulant, whereas the low number of studies on processing tomato did not permit us to delineate a trend. The yield and quality were greatly influenced by cultivars and biostimulant composition, application method, period, and dose. For processing tomato, a positive effect of the biostimulant application on the marketable yield was reported in 79% of the case studies, whereas for potato, the effect was reported in only 47%. Few studies, on processing tomato and potato, also reported data for quality parameters with contrasting results. The variability of crop response to biostimulant application in open field conditions highlights the need for more comprehensive studies. Such studies should focus on diverse cultivars, deeply understand the interaction of biostimulant application with agronomic management (e.g., irrigation and fertilization), and evaluate yield and quality parameters. This approach is crucial to fully understand the potential and limitations of biostimulant applications in agriculture, particularly regarding their role in sustainable crop production.
Comparative Study on the Effect of GiSelA 5 Rootstock Propagation Methods on Sweet Cherry Growth and Physiology
Authors: Świerczyński Sławomir , Schroeter-Zakrzewska Anita
Published: November 2024

The basis of orchard production is rootstocks that reduce the vigor of sweet cherry trees. However, not all rootstocks for this species can be easily propagated using traditional methods of stooling or cutting. Some of these must be propagated using the in vitro method. This is expensive and, consequently, increases the price of maiden sweet cherry trees. Our experiment assessed the growth of maiden trees of selected sweet cherry varieties (‘Bellise’, ‘Earlise’, ‘Lapins’, ‘Vanda’) depending on the method of propagation of a semi-dwarf GiSelA 5 rootstock. Additionally, the intensity of physiological processes taking place in the obtained maiden trees was also examined. The experiment compared one type of GiSelA 5 rootstock, obtained using a cheaper softwood cuttings method, with another rootstock propagated using an in vitro method. During the two years of study, there were no significant differences in the percentage of maiden trees obtained in the case of the propagation methods for both types of rootstocks, ranging from 77.43% to 87.74%. The vigor of maiden tree growth in the first year of this study was stronger than in the second year. In particular, the stem diameter of maiden trees varied from 7% to 39%, depending on the variety considered. With the exception of one variety, maiden trees produced from a rootstock propagated by stem cuttings were characterized by a larger stem diameter for the three varieties, ranging from 23% to 29%, and by a greater number of side shoots, ranging from 73% to 172%, compared to those from in vitro. Additionally, when using the stem cutting method of propagation, the rootstocks had a better developed root system, except for the ‘Earlise’ variety. However, most often, no significant differences were found between the methods of propagation regarding the fresh weight of the maiden trees and leaves and their leaf blade area. The activity of physiological processes of maiden sweet cherry trees varied, and no constant regularities were found. In the second year of the experiment, maiden trees were more often characterized by lower levels of net photosynthetic intensity and internal CO2 concentration, which was associated with worse growth results. Based on the collected results, it is recommended to propagate the considered rootstock using stem cuttings, which yields maiden trees with similar and sometimes even better growth parameters than those propagated using the in vitro method.
Influence of Electrical Conductivity on Plant Growth, Nutritional Quality, and Phytochemical Properties of Kale (Brassica napus) and Collard (Brassica oleracea) Grown Using Hydroponics
Authors: Yang Teng , Samarakoon Uttara , Altland James , Ling Peter
Published: November 2024

Kale (Brassica napus) and collard (Brassica oleracea) are two leafy greens in the family Brassicaceae. The leaves are rich sources of numerous health-beneficial compounds and are commonly used either fresh or cooked. This study aimed to optimize the nutrient management of kale and collard in hydroponic production for greater yield and crop quality. ‘Red Russian’ kale and ‘Flash F1’ collard were grown for 4 weeks after transplanting in a double polyethylene-plastic-covered greenhouse using a nutrient film technique (NFT) system with 18 channels. Kale and collard were alternately grown in each channel at four different electrical conductivity (EC) levels (1.2, 1.5, 1.8, and 2.1 mS·cm−1). Fresh and dry yields of kale increased linearly with increasing EC levels, while those of collard did not increase when EC was higher than 1.8 mS·cm−1. Kale leaves had significantly higher P, K, Mn, Zn, Cu, and B than the collard at all EC levels. Additionally, mineral nutrients (except N and Zn) in leaf tissue were highest at EC 1.5 and EC 1.8 in both the kale and collard. However, the changing trend of the total N and NO3- of the leaves showed a linear trend; these levels were highest under EC 2.1, followed by EC 1.8 and EC 1.5. EC levels also affected phytochemical accumulation in leaf tissue. In general, the kale leaves had significantly higher total anthocyanin, vitamin C, phenolic compounds, and glucosinolates but lower total chlorophylls and carotenoids than the collard. In addition, although EC levels affected neither the total chlorophyll or carotenoid content in kale nor glucosinolate content in either kale or collard, other important health-beneficial compounds (especially vitamin C, anthocyanin, and phenolic compounds) in kale and collard leaves reduced with the increasing EC levels. In conclusion, the kale leaf had more nutritional and phytochemical compounds than the collard. An EC level of 1.8 mS·cm−1 was the optimum EC level for the collard, while the kale yielded more at 2.1 mS·cm−1. Further investigations are needed to optimize nitrogen nutrition for hydroponically grown kale.
Assessing Weed Canopy Cover in No-Till and Conventional Tillage Plots in Winter Wheat Production Using Drone Data
Authors: Oppong Judith N. , Akumu Clement E. , Dennis Sam
Published: November 2024

Weed canopy cover assessment, particularly using drone-acquired data, plays a vital role in precision agriculture by providing accurate, timely, and spatially detailed information, enhancing weed management decision-making in response to environmental and management variables. Despite the significance of this approach, few studies have investigated weed canopy cover through drone-based imagery. This study aimed to fill this gap by evaluating the effects of conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT) practices on weed canopy cover in a winter wheat field over two growing seasons. Results indicated that in the 2022–2023 season, weed populations were similar between tillage systems, with a high mean weed cover of 1.448 cm2 ± 0.241 in CT plots. In contrast, during the 2023–2024 season, NT plots exhibited a substantially higher mean weed cover (1.784 cm2 ± 0.167), with a significant overall variation (p < 0.05) in weed distribution between CT and NT plots. These differences suggest that, while CT practices initially mask weed emergence by burying seeds and disrupting root systems, NT practices encourage greater weed establishment over time by leaving seeds near the soil surface. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing weed management practices, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive approaches to improve weed control and overall crop productivity.
Ensiling Characteristics, Bacterial Community Structure, Co-Occurrence Networks, and Their Predicted Functionality in Alfalfa Haylage Silage with or Without Foliar Selenium Application
Authors: Wang Kexin , Wang Fengdan , Sun Shengnan , Zou Yilin , Gao Zifeng , Hua Yi , Qin Ligang , Hu Guofu
Published: November 2024

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element in living systems. In this study, we applied a spray of 50 mg/kg sodium selenite to alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) at different stages of development (bud, initial bloom, and full bloom stages). After 0, 1, 3, 7, and 45 days of ensiling, we assessed the fermentation quality, chemical composition, and bacterial community of the alfalfa. Our findings indicated that the addition of Se led to an increase in the Se content and a decrease in the pH, acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents. As ensiling fermentation progressed, the Se treatments increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, which was significantly greater than that in the control group (42.44% vs. 3.76%). In conclusion, the addition of sodium selenate to silage additive ensures the quality of the silage and reduces bacterial community diversity. This study provides valuable insights for the investigation of Se enrichment in alfalfa haylage silage.
Yield and Yield Parameters Response of Cabbage to Partial Root Drying and Conventional Deficit Irrigation
Authors: Demir Halil , Kaman Harun , Sönmez İlker , Uçan Ufuk , Akgün İsmail Hakkı
Published: November 2024

Irrigation is one of the most important cultural practices in sustainable cabbage cultivation. While most studies on irrigation in cabbage have focused on conventional deficit irrigation (DI) practices, some plants’ water requirements under the partial root drying (PRD) technique are not yet very clear. In this study, the possible responses of cabbage, such as growth, some quality, yield, yield parameters, water use efficiency (WUE), irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), and yield response factor (ky), were investigated at four irrigation water levels (125%, 100%, 75%, and 50%) with DI and PRD techniques for 2 years. Irrigation treatments were carried out by the drip irrigation method, and the amount of irrigation water for the control (I-100) was calculated using the measurements taken from the Class-A evaporation container. A total of eight irrigation treatments—four conventional deficit irrigation (I-125, I-100, I-75, I-50) and four partial root drying (PRD-125, PRD-100, PRD75, PRD-50)—were considered in the study. ET values were determined between 47.69–60.78 mm in the first year and 80.11–101.37 mm in the second year. Total and marketable yield values, WUE and IWUE values, were significantly affected by the irrigation treatments. As a result of the research, the highest total and marketable yields were found in I-125, PRD-125, I-100, and PRD-100 treatments. It was important that WUE and IWUE values reached their highest levels in full irrigation and 25% more irrigation treatments as well as in deficit irrigation treatments. In conditions where irrigation water is scarce and expensive, I-75 and PRD-75 applications are also recommended. While an increase in cabbage head height and diameter was observed with increasing irrigation water level, SSC and L values increased at deficit irrigations. According to the correlation coefficients, a positive relationship was determined between marketable yield and head and stem diameter, head height, WUE, and ET for marketable yield. In addition, it was predicted that I-50 and PRD-50 treatments may also be advantageous if the “kc” plant coefficient cover percentage was increased.
Deciphering Codon Usage Patterns in the Mitochondrial Genome of the Oryza Species
Authors: Zhang Yuyang , Ma Yunqi , Yu Huanxi , Han Yu , Yu Tao
Published: November 2024

Rice (Oryza) is a genus in the Gramineae family, which has grown widely all over the world and is a staple food source for people’s survival. The genetic information of rice has garnered significant attention in recent years, prompting numerous researchers to conduct extensive investigations in this field. But rice mitochondrial codon usage patterns have received little attention. The present study systematically analyzed the codon usage patterns and sources of variance in the mitochondrial genome sequences of five rice species by the CodonW and R software programs. Our results revealed that the GC content of codons in rice mitochondrial genome genes was determined to be 43.60%. Notably, the individual codon positions exhibited distinct GC contents: 48.00% for position 1, 42.65% for position 2, and 40.16% for position 3. These findings suggest the preference of the rice mitochondrial genome for codons ending in A or U. A weak codon bias was observed, with the effective number of codons (ENC) varying between 40.02 and 61.00, with an average value of 54.34. Subsequently, we identified 25 identical high-frequency codons in five rice mitochondrial genomes, with 11 codons ending in A and 12 codons ending in U. The regression lines in the neutrality plot exhibited slopes of less than 0.5 in five rice species, indicating a predominant role of natural selection, while mutation pressure remained relatively insignificant. In the PR2-plot analysis, most of the genes were located in the right half of the plot, indicating that the third base of the synonymous codon was preferred to end in G than C. Additionally, the ENC plot and ENC ratio analysis unveiled that codon preferences in the rice mitochondrial genome were predominantly influenced by natural selection rather than mutational pressure. The analysis of correspondence revealed distinct variations in the codon usage pattern across five rice mitochondrial genomes. Based on the RSCU values of species, a cluster tree was inconsistent with the mitochondrial genetic data, indicating that RSCU data could not be used as a basis for classification at the species level in the Oryza genus. These results will help decide the specific types of natural selection pressures influencing codon usage and improve the expression of exogenous genes in rice mitochondrial genomes by optimizing their codons.
Helminth Parasites of Invasive Freshwater Fish in Lithuania
Authors: Kudlai Olena , Rakauskas Vytautas , Baker Nathan Jay , Pantoja Camila , Lisitsyna Olga , Binkienė Rasa
Published: November 2024

Freshwater ecosystems in Lithuania are threatened by the introduction of invasive fish species including Neogobius fluviatilis, N. melanostomus, Perccottus glenii, and Pseudorasbora parva. Data on helminth parasites of these fishes have not been comprehensively studied, with only two reports on parasites of N. melanostomus from the Curonian Lagoon and Baltic Sea, Lithuania. We examined 278 fish individuals representing 4 invasive species from 13 waterbodies. Using morphological and molecular analyses, we identified 29 helminth taxa representing 15 digenean trematodes, 6 nematodes, 4 cestodes, 2 acanthocephalans, and 2 monogeneans. With 18 species, N. fluviatilis had the highest helminth diversity, followed by N. melanostomus (11 species) and Ps. parva (8 species). Perccottus glenii was found to be free from helminth infection. The availability of historical information on the native fish parasites in Lithuania allowed us to conclude that out of the 29 recorded species, invasive fish serve as hosts for 22 local fish helminth species, while 7 helminth species have been reported exclusively in invasive fish. Based on newly obtained and previously published data, a total of 34 helminth species parasitise invasive fish in Lithuania, of which 30 use these fish as intermediate or paratenic hosts.
Biomechanical Evaluation of a Novel Ceramic Implant for Canine Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture Treatment: A Finite Element Analysis Approach
Authors: Lang Mark Leon , Lüpke Matthias , Götz Maximilian , Volk Holger A. , Klasen Jan , Harms Oliver
Published: November 2024

This research investigates the biomechanical effects of a novel ceramic implant for the treatment of canine cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR) based on the tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) method using finite element analysis (FEA). A 3D FEA of the tibiofemoral joint simulating the applied forces (44.5% of body weight) during the mid-stance phase (joint angle 135°) of the dog’s stride was performed. Three conditions were considered for each joint: the physiological condition, the pathological condition with CCLR and the restored condition after TTA. Eight cadavers were used to create fifteen paired knee joints. The results showed significant differences in the forces that could be measured in the patellar tendon (PT) and in the cranial displacement of the tibial tuberosity between the conditions. The PT forces increased in the pathological state and continued to increase in the restored state, while the cranial displacement of the tibial tuberosity increased in the pathological state and decreased again in the restored state. Correlation analyses revealed significant correlations between PT forces, body weight and cranial displacement. The FEA provides initial insights into the force distribution and functionality of the ceramic implant. However, further testing is required to validate reliability and evaluate the efficacy of the implant.
Impact of Supplemented Nutrition on Semen Quality, Epigenetic-Related Gene Expression, and Oxidative Status in Boars
Authors: Blagojević Jovan , Stanimirović Zoran , Glavinić Uroš , Vakanjac Slobodanka , Radukić Željko , Mirilović Milorad , Maletić Milan
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the impact of nutritional supplementation on semen quality, epigenetic-related gene expression, and oxidative status in boars. Thirty boars were divided into a control group and a treatment group receiving Espermaplus (a supplement containing various vitamins, amino acids, omega-3 fatty acids, and trace elements with antioxidant properties). The experiment was performed for 12 weeks. Semen samples were collected at four moments: before starting the supplementation and after 3 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks. Spermatozoa concentration, motility, and kinematics were assessed using the CASA system. The measured parameters included curvilinear velocity—VCL; straight-line velocity—VSL; average path velocity—VAP; curvilinear distance—DCL; straight line distance—DSL; distance of average path—DAP; amplitude of lateral head displacement—ALH; beat-cross frequency—BCF; and head activity—HAC. Moreover, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in seminal plasma, as well as the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), were measured to assess oxidative stress levels in boar’s seminal plasma. The expression of epigenetic-related genes such as Protamine 1 (Prm1), Protamine 2 (Prm2), and DNA-methyltransferase 3 alpha (Dnmt3a) were evaluated using real-time PCR. The treated group showed a significant increase in spermatozoa concentration (p = 0.003), total motility (p = 0.001), and progressive motility (p = 0.002) after 12 weeks compared to the control group. Kinematic parameters such as VCL, VSL, and VAP were also significantly higher (p < 0.001; p = 0.028; p < 0.001, respectively) in the treated group by the end of the experiment. SOD and GPx activities were consistently higher (p < 0.01; p < 0.001, respectively) in the treated group, indicating enhanced antioxidative capacity. TBARS levels as an indicator of lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage were significantly lower (p < 0.01) in the treated group by the end of the study. Significant changes were observed in the expression of epigenetic-related genes. The supplementation of boar diets with Espermaplus significantly improved semen quality, reduced oxidative stress, and had an impact on the expression levels of certain epigenetic-related genes, suggesting that dietary antioxidants and bioactive compounds can enhance boar semen.
Efficacy and Safety of a Diet Enriched with EPA and DHA, Turmeric Extract and Hydrolysed Collagen in Management of Naturally Occurring Osteoarthritis in Cats: A Prospective, Randomised, Blinded, Placebo- and Time-Controlled Study
Authors: Lefort-Holguin Manuela , Delsart Aliénor , Otis Colombe , Moreau Maxim , Barbeau-Grégoire Maude , Mellet Florence , Biourge Vincent , Lussier Bertrand , Pelletier Jean-Pierre , Martel-Pelletier Johanne , Troncy Eric
Published: November 2024

This study evaluated a therapeutic diet high in eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) of marine source (EPA:DHA ratio 0.69:1), turmeric extract, and hydrolysed collagen in cats (N = 30) with naturally occurring osteoarthritis (OA) over a 13-week (W) period, followed by a 4-W washout, using four previously validated pain/functional outcomes. Compared to the placebo diet, the therapeutic diet significantly improved peak vertical force (p = 0.017; W16, 64% responders), correlating to enhanced weight bearing; stair assay compliance (p < 0.001; W16, 87% responders), reflecting reduced fatigue related to OA pain; night-time actimetry (cohort effect; p = 0.05, 67% responders), suggesting greater spontaneous mobility and comfort; and MI-CAT(V) score (cohort effect; p < 0.001, 80% responders), indicating reduced functional impairments. The earliest therapeutic response was observed at W06, marked by an inflection point between actimetric linear regressions of both cohorts, confirmed by significant MI-CAT(V) differences (p < 0.007; W08; W12; W16). The MI-CAT(V) clinical metrology instrument was validated for inter-rater reliability, minimal placebo effect (<15% responders), and OA severity clustering. Despite baseline differences in biomechanical assessments (p < 0.05), both moderate and severe OA clusters responded equally positively to the therapeutic diet. Based on all outcomes, the therapeutic diet showed promise for the long-term management of feline OA, with no observed side effects.
In Situ Treatment of Refractory Perianal Fistulas in Dogs with Low-Dose Allogeneic Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Enciso Nathaly , Enciso-Benavides Javier , Sandoval Juan , Enciso Javier
Published: November 2024

Stem cell therapy in dogs has increased considerably in recent years; however, there are few publications on the treatment of perianal fistulas (PF) in this species. The aim of this open-label clinical trial was to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of a new protocol for the in situ administration of low-dose adipose-derived allogeneic stem cells (ASCs) for the treatment of refractory spontaneous perianal fistula. The methodology consisted of applying one to three doses of 5 × 106 cryopreserved allogeneic ASCs to each fistula. The study was performed in 14 dogs regardless of sex, breed, or age, with a clinical diagnosis of refractory PF. Cells diluted in phosphate-buffered saline were applied to five sites of the PF in an amount of 1 × 106 per application site. Efficacy was determined by the complete closure of the fistula, which was observed in 100% of the cases studied one month after therapy, with a subsequent follow-up of 12 to 48 months after therapy. Furthermore, safety was demonstrated by the absence of local or systemic adverse effects. In conclusion, the protocol used in this work demonstrates the efficacy without adverse effects of the in situ application of low doses of allogeneic ASCs, providing a simple, non-invasive, long-lasting and low-cost therapeutic option.
Learning to Hunt on the Go: Dietary Changes During Development of Rhinolophid Bats
Authors: Aldasoro Miren , Vallejo Nerea , Olasagasti Lander , Diaz de Cerio Oihane , Aihartza Joxerra
Published: November 2024

Mammals may experience physical changes from birth, and their diet varies at different stages of life. This study investigates the impact of development on the diet composition of three horseshoe bats: Rhinolophus euryale, R. hipposideros, and R. ferrumequinum in the Basque Country, north of the Iberian Peninsula. The diets of juvenile and adult individuals of each species were obtained by analysing their droppings using metabarcoding and then compared at (1) the taxonomic and (2) prey trait levels (size, flying speed, hardness). The diets of juvenile and adult individuals of R. euryale and R. hipposideros showed significant differences at the taxonomic level and regarding prey traits. In contrast, in the case of R. ferrumequinum, we could only observe discernible diet patterns through the trait analysis. Additionally, we discovered a shared pattern: younger individuals tend to feed on easier-to-hunt and/or handle smaller and smoother prey. The varying degrees of dissimilarity between juvenile and adult diets observed in this study suggest that the relative importance of psychomotor development, foraging strategies, prey discrimination, and/or spatial learning may differ among species. These findings contribute to conservation efforts, especially by recognising the dietary needs of juveniles for their survival and successful development.
The Role of Dietary Fatty Acids in Modulating Blue Crab (Callinectes sapidus) Physiology, Reproduction, and Quality Traits in Captivity
Authors: Conti Federico , Pulido-Rodriguez Lina Fernanda , Chemello Giulia , Cattaneo Nico , Resente Mattia , Parisi Giuliana , Olivotto Ike , Zarantoniello Matteo
Published: November 2024

The invasive blue crab is challenging the Mediterranean basin, progressively declining local populations. This reflects a lower prey availability and suitability of dietary nutrients (mainly n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, PUFA). The present study aimed to challenge blue crab males and females with a feed source low in n-3 PUFA with respect to one showing a proper fatty acid profile and to investigate the responses in terms of growth, welfare, lipid characterization of target tissues, and reproductive status. Blue crabs were divided into three groups as follows: (i) Marine: crabs fed sardinella (Sardinella aurita) fillet for 60 days; (ii) Mix: crabs fed bovine heart for the first 40 days and sardinella fillet for the following 20 days; and (iii) Terrestrial: crabs fed bovine heart for 60 days. The diet did not alter the health status but reflected the fatty acid profile of muscle and ovary of the blue crabs. In each group, males and females showed a proper hepatopancreas structure, with comparable levels of lipid reserves. This properly supported gonad maturation in both sexes. However, males and females from the group fed the terrestrial diet were characterized by reduced body weight, revealing that blue crabs prioritize reproductive investment rather than growth by directing crucial nutrients to reproductive organs when a suboptimal diet is available.
Effect of Dietary Concentrate-to-Forage Ratios During the Cold Season on Slaughter Performance, Meat Quality, Rumen Fermentation and Gut Microbiota of Tibetan Sheep
Authors: Wang Shijia , Tang Wenhui , Jiang Ting , Wang Ru , Zhang Ruoxi , Ou Jingyu , Wang Qiangjun , Cheng Xiao , Ren Chunhuan , Chen Jiahong , Huang Yafeng , Zhang Zijun
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different dietary concentrate-to-forage ratios on slaughter performance, meat quality, rumen fermentation, rumen microbiota and fecal microbiota in Tibetan sheep. A total of sixty male Tibetan sheep were equally allocated into three dietary groups based on concentrate-to-forage ratios, i.e., 30:70 (C30), 50:50 (C50), and 70:30 (C70). Compared with the C30 group, sheep fed the C70 diet resulted in a higher (p < 0.05) slaughter live weight (SLW), hot carcass weight (HCW), dressing percentage (DP), eye muscle area, average daily gain (ADG), and ruminal total volatile fatty acids concentration and propionate molar proportion and lower (p < 0.05) shear force and cooking loss of meat, and ruminal acetate molar proportion and acetate:propionate ratio. Sheep in the C50 group exhibited a higher (p < 0.05) SLW, HCW, ADG, and ruminal propionate molar proportion and lower (p < 0.05) shear force and cooking loss of meat, and ruminal acetate molar proportion and acetate: propionate ratio compared with the C30 group. In rumen fluid, the relative abundance of Butyrivibrio was lower (p = 0.031) in the C30 group, and that of Ruminococcus was higher (p = 0.003) in the C70 group compared with the C50 group. In feces, genus Monoglobus and UCG_002 were the most abundant in the C30 group (p < 0.05), and the relative abundance of Prevotella was significantly higher in the C70 group than in other groups (p = 0.013). Correlation analysis revealed possible links between slaughter performance and meat quality and altered microbiota composition in the rumen and feces of Tibetan sheep. Overall, feeding a C70 diet resulted in superior carcass characteristics and meat quality in Tibetan sheep, thus laying a theoretical basis for the application of short-term remote feeding during the cold season.
Effects of Different Levels of Antarctic Krill Oil on the Ovarian Development of Macrobrachium rosenbergii
Authors: Zheng Xiaochuan , Yang Jie , Liu Xin , Sun Cunxin , Zhou Qunlan , Wang Aimin , Chen Jianming , Liu Bo
Published: November 2024

Antarctic krill oil has been proven to be able to promote the ovarian development of crustaceans, but its optimal application dose and potential regulatory mechanism in Macrobrachium rosenbergii are still unclear. In this study, five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets with gradient additions of Antarctic krill oil (0%, 1.5%, 3%, 4.5%, and 6%) were served exposed to 8 weeks of feeding. The results show that 3–4.5% Antarctic krill oil supplementation significantly increases the weight gain rate and specific growth rate of M. rosenbergii (p < 0.05). In addition, 3–4.5% Antarctic krill oil supplementation significantly increased the content of hemolymph vitellogenin (VTG) and the levels of reproductive hormones, including methyl farnesoate (MF), estradiol (E2), and progesterone (P4) (p < 0.05). The differences in ovarian index, oocyte volume, yolk granule deposition in oocytes, and the transcription levels of VTG genes in hepatopancreas and ovarian tissues demonstrated that the addition of Antarctic krill oil significantly promoted ovarian development and vitellogenesis, especially at the 4.5% addition level. In terms of molecular signaling, this study confirms that the retinol metabolic signaling pathway, MF signaling pathway, steroid hormone signaling pathway, and ecdysone signaling pathway, along with their specific molecules, such as Farnesoic acid-O-methyltransferase (FAMeT), retinoid x receptor (RXR), ecdysone receptor (EcR), and estrogen-related receptor (ERR), are involved in the regulation of the ovarian development of M. rosenbergii by adding Antarctic krill oil at appropriate doses. The findings indicate that the supplementation of 4.5% Antarctic krill oil in the diet is optimal for stimulating the secretion of reproductive hormones in female M. rosenbergii, thereby promoting vitellogenesis and ovarian development.
Comparison of High n-3 PUFA Levels and Cyclic Heat Stress Effects on Carcass Characteristics, Meat Quality, and Oxidative Stability of Breast Meat of Broilers Fed Low- and High-Antioxidant Diets
Authors: Pečjak Pal Manca , Leskovec Jakob , Levart Alenka , Pirman Tatjana , Salobir Janez , Rezar Vida
Published: November 2024

This study investigated the individual and combined effects of a high dietary n-3 PUFA intake and cyclic heat stress (HS) on the carcass characteristics, meat quality, and oxidative stability of broiler breast meat and the potential of antioxidant supplementation (vitamins E, C, and selenium) to mitigate these effects. A total of 192 one-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were randomly assigned to 24 pens within two controlled environment chambers and fed with the following diets: a basal diet low in antioxidants according to NRC recommendations (NRC group), a basal diet according to Aviagen recommendations additionally supplemented with 200 IU/kg vitamin E, 250 mg/kg vitamin C, and 0.15 mg/kg selenium (HAOX group), and these two diets further supplemented with 5% linseed oil (NRC N-3 and HAOX N-3 groups). On day 22, the broilers were exposed to the following two environmental conditions: thermoneutral (TN, 21 °C) or cyclic HS (HS, 34 ± 1 °C, 7 h/d) in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design. A high intake of n-3 PUFAs significantly decreased growth performance, dressing percentage, and breast yield, while the incidence of pale, soft, and exudative (PSE) meat characteristics and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased. Cyclic HS reduced body weight (BW) and average daily feed intake (ADFI), but had limited effects on meat quality. No interactions between n-3 PUFAs and HS were observed for any measurements. High antioxidant supplementation increased breast yield, improved meat quality, and reduced oxidative stress, as evidenced by an enhanced antioxidant activity and lower MDA levels. In conclusion, n-3 PUFAs had a negative effect on both the carcass characteristics and meat quality of broilers, while HS primarily affected only carcass characteristics, with neither stressor having severe adverse effects. High levels of antioxidants could mitigate the negative effects of dietary- and heat-induced oxidative stress by enhancing the oxidative stability of broiler meat.
Identification of Recombinant Aichivirus D in Cattle, Italy
Authors: Pellegrini Francesco , Lanave Gianvito , Caringella Francesca , Diakoudi Georgia , Salvaggiulo Anna , Cavalli Alessandra , Papaleo Alessandro , Di Martino Barbara , Camero Michele , Bányai Krisztián , Matthijnssens Jelle , Martella Vito
Published: November 2024

Kobuviruses (KoVs) are a group of small, non-enveloped RNA viruses classified in the genus Kobuvirus within the Picornaviridae family, comprising Aichivirus species A to F. KoVs have been identified in humans and several mammals, including domestic ungulates. This study investigated the presence of KoVs in a collection of bovine stool samples (n = 38) obtained from animals with enteritis or without clinical signs. By RT-PCR screening, KoV RNA was detected in 10/38 animals (26.3%). Six of the ten positive animals had enteric signs. On sequence analysis of the amplicons, eight strains were related to species Aichivirus B, commonly identified in cattle. In contrast, two strains (ITA/2019/572-1 and ITA/2020/bovine/30-2), displayed the highest nt identity (up to 97.1%) to cattle, yak, and goat Aichivirus D strains. On whole genome analysis, strains ITA/2019/572-1 and ITA/2020/30-2 showed 88.9% nt identity to each other and 87.8–90.3% nt to the bovine kobuvirus strain CHN/2021/ON730709 identified in China. Interestingly these three Aichivirus D strains showed a recombinant makeup, clustering with D1 genotype in the capsid region and with D2 genotype in the non-structural genes. These findings suggest that Aichivirus D KoVs are common components of livestock virome. Understanding the genetic diversity of KoVs in animals will be useful to improve the diagnostics and gather epidemiological data.
Effects of 1-Deoxynojirimycin Extracts of Mulberry Leaves on Oxidative Stress and the Function of the Intestinal Tract in Broilers Induced by H2O2
Authors: Zhao Chengfeng , Wang Mingzhu , Li Tao , Li Dehui , Feng Yuan , Wang Yuhua , Qu Liang , Barcenas Adileidys Ruiz , Serrano Boris Ramos , Shen Manman , Zhao Weiguo
Published: November 2024

The poultry industry struggles with oxidative stress affecting gut health and productivity. This study examined using 1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) extracts from mulberry leaves as an antioxidant in broilers feed to combat this issue. We divided 240 broilers, aged 16 days, into six groups, including a control and groups exposed to oxidative stress through H2O2 injections, with different supplement levels of DNJ-E (40, 80, 120, and 160 mg/kg of the basal diet) lasting until the broilers reached 42 days old. We evaluated intestinal morphology, ultrastructure, oxidative stress markers, the tight junction, and inflammatory cytokines. Adding 40 mg/kg DNJ-E improved villus height, the villus-to-crypt ratio, and cellular ultrastructure, and increased SOD levels in the jejunum and ileum, as well as CAT levels in the duodenum and jejunum (p < 0.05), compared to the H2O2 group. The addition of DNJ had differential effects on oxidative stress, the intestinal barrier, and immune-related genes. Importantly, the dosages of 40 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg resulted in an upregulation of MUC2 mRNA expression (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that DNJ-E holds potential as a beneficial feed additive for enhancing broiler health, particularly at supplementation levels below 80 mg/kg, as higher concentrations may negatively influence intestinal health. Future investigations should aim to elucidate the underlying mechanisms through which DNJ-E operates within the avian gastrointestinal system.
Studies Regarding Antimicrobial Properties of Some Microbial Polyketides Derived from Monascus Strains
Authors: Albisoru Daniela , Radu Nicoleta , Pirvu Lucia Camelia , Stefaniu Amalia , Băbeanu Narcisa , Stoica Rusandica , Mihai Dragos Paul
Published: November 2024

Finding new molecules to prevent the growth of antimicrobial resistance is a hot topic for scientists worldwide. It has been reported that some raw bioproducts containing Monascus polyketides have antimicrobial activities, but extensive studies on this effect have not been conducted. In this context, our studies aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of six raw bioproducts containing three classes of microbial polyketides biosynthesized by three Monascus strains through solid-state biosynthesis. As a methodology, we performed in silico predictions using programs such as PyMOL v3.0.4 and employed ESI-MS techniques to provide evidence of the presence of the six studied compounds in our bioproducts. The results obtained in silico were validated through in vitro studies using the Kirby-Bauer diffusion method on bacteria and fungi. The test performed in silico showed that Monascorubramine has the highest affinity for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, followed by yellow polyketides such as Ankaflavin and Monascin. The estimated pharmacokinetic parameters indicated high gastrointestinal absorption and the potential to cross the blood-brain barrier for all studied compounds. However, the compounds also inhibit most enzymes involved in drug metabolism, presenting some level of toxicity. The best in vitro results were obtained for S. aureus, with an extract containing yellow Monascus polyketides. Predictions made for E. coli were validated in vitro for P. aeruginosa, S. enterica, and S. marcescens, as well as for fungi. Significant antibacterial properties were observed during this study for C. albicans, S. aureus, and fungal dermatophytes for crude bioproducts containing Monascus polyketides. In conclusion, the antimicrobial properties of Monascus polyketides were validated both in silico and in vitro. However, due to their potential toxicity, these bioproducts would be safer to use as topical formulations.