bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation and Comparison of Cortical and Hippocampal Neural Progenitor Morphology and Differentiation through the Use of Micro- and Nano-Topographies
Authors: Sathe Sharvari , Chan Xiang , Jin Jing , Bernitt Erik , Döbereiner Hans-Günther , Yim Evelyn
Published: August 2017

Neuronal morphology and differentiation have been extensively studied on topography. The differentiation potential of neural progenitors has been shown to be influenced by brain region, developmental stage, and time in culture. However, the neurogenecity and morphology of different neural progenitors in response to topography have not been quantitatively compared. In this study, the correlation between the morphology and differentiation of hippocampal and cortical neural progenitor cells was explored. The morphology of differentiated neural progenitors was quantified on an array of topographies. In spite of topographical contact guidance, cell morphology was observed to be under the influence of regional priming, even after differentiation. This influence of regional priming was further reflected in the correlations between the morphological properties and the differentiation efficiency of the cells. For example, neuronal differentiation efficiency of cortical neural progenitors showed a negative correlation with the number of neurites per neuron, but hippocampal neural progenitors showed a positive correlation. Correlations of morphological parameters and differentiation were further enhanced on gratings, which are known to promote neuronal differentiation. Thus, the neurogenecity and morphology of neural progenitors is highly responsive to certain topographies and is committed early on in development.
The Role of Malnutrition during Pregnancy and Its Effects on Brain and Skeletal Muscle Postnatal Development
Authors: Castrogiovanni Paola , Imbesi Rosa
Published: August 2017

“Foetal programming” refers to nutritional and hormonal variations during pregnancy. A maternal proper diet has a fundamental role in decreasing pregnancy complications and to prevent possible diseases in postnatal life. In our narrative review, we analyze and discuss the role of malnutrition during pregnancy and its effects on pre- and postnatal development of embryos. Our review proposes a comprehensive and careful analysis of the studies in this field regarding malnutrition and foetal programming. Evidence shows that nutrient imbalance before implantation may result in somatic hypoevolutism at birth, and endocrine and metabolic dysfunctions in postnatal life. In addition, the maternal malnutrition could exert a suppressive effect on the maternal and foetal immune response. It could also affect both the proliferation of myogenic precursors reducing the number of muscle fibres and the future reproductive maturation with possible consequent impaired fertility and quality of gametes. In conclusion, it is necessary to develop dietary strategies to optimize nutrition, not only during pregnancy but already when it is programmed, in order to improve the outcomes of pregnancy, promote growth, healthy child development, reduce the risk of chronic diseases, and slow down the metabolic decline associated with aging.
(E)-2-(1-Cyano-2-methoxy-2-oxoethylidene)-3,4-dioxo-1-(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)cyclobutan-1-ide
Authors: Grünefeld Johann , Kunick Conrad , Jones Peter
Published: August 2017

(E)-2-(1-Cyano-2-methoxy-2-oxoethylidene)-3,4-dioxo-1-(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)cyclobutan-1-ide was obtained by a three-component reaction of squaric acid dichloride with pyridine and methyl cyanoacetate.
Influence of Polymer-Clay Interfacial Interactions on the Ignition Time of Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites
Authors: Zope Indraneel , Dasari Aravind , Yu Zhong-Zhen
Published: August 2017

Metal ions present on smectite clay (montmorillonite) platelets have preferential reactivity towards peroxy/alkoxy groups during polyamide 6 (PA6) thermal decomposition. This changes the decomposition pathway and negatively affects the ignition response of PA6. To restrict these interfacial interactions, high-temperature-resistant polymers such as polyetherimide (PEI) and polyimide (PI) were used to coat clay layers. PEI was deposited on clay by solution-precipitation, whereas PI was deposited through a solution-imidization-precipitation technique before melt blending with PA6. The absence of polymer-clay interfacial interactions has resulted in a similar time-to-ignition of PA6/PEI-clay (133 s) and PA6/PI-clay (139 s) composites as neat PA6 (140 s). On the contrary, PA6 with conventional ammonium-based surfactant modified clay has showed a huge drop in time-to-ignition (81 s), as expected. The experimental evidences provided herein reveal the role of the catalytic activity of clay during the early stages of polymer decomposition.
Comparison of Medium Manganese Steel and Q345 Steel on Corrosion Behavior in a 3.5 wt % NaCl Solution
Authors: Su Guanqiao , Gao Xiuhua
Published: August 2017

A cyclic wet/dry accelerated corrosion test was used to compare the corrosion behavior of medium-Mn steel and Q345 steel. In terms of scanning electron microscope (SEM), using X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and analysis of the corrosion process, the results showed that the medium-Mn steel did not exhibit higher corrosion resistance than Q345 steel due to the greater content of Mn-rich compounds in the rust layer. Moreover, the effect of a small amount of anti-corrosion elements in medium-manganese steel can regulate the corrosion rate. The conceptual model of the corrosion process of the medium-Mn steel in a 3.5 wt % NaCl solution is proposed.
Universal Micromachining Platform and Basic Technologies for the Manufacture and Marking of Microphysiological Systems
Authors: Günther Katja , Sonntag Frank , Moritzer Elmar , Hirsch Andrè , Klotzbach Udo , Lasagni Andrés
Published: August 2017

Micro Physiological Systems (MPS), also known as Multi-Organ-Chip, Organ-on-a-Chip, or Body-on-a-Chip, are advanced microfluidic systems that allow the cultivation of different types of cells and tissue in just one common circuit. Furthermore, they thus can also adjust the interaction of these different tissues. Perspectival MPS will replace animal testing. For fast and flexible manufacturing and marking of MPS, a concept for a universal micromachining platform has been developed which provides the following latest key technologies: laser micro cutting of polymer foils, laser micro- and sub-micro-structuring of polymer foils, 3D printing of polymer components as well as optical inspection and online process control. The combination of different laser sources, processing optics, inspection systems, and print heads on multiple axes allows the change and exactly positioning to the workpiece during the process. Therewith, the realization of MPS including 3D printed components as well as direct laser interference patterned surfaces for well-defined cell adhesion and product protection is possible. Additional basic technologies for the generation of periodical line-like structures at polycarbonate foils using special Direct Laser Interference Patterning (DLIP) optics as well as for the 3D printing of fluid-tight cell culture reservoirs made of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene directly onto polycarbonate microfluidics were established. A first prototype of the universal micromachining platform combining different lasers with Direct Laser Writing and DLIP is shown. With this laser micro cutting as well as laser micro-structuring of polycarbonate (PC) foils and therewith functionalization for MPS application could be successfully demonstrated.
Intake of Fat-Soluble Vitamins in the Belgian Population: Adequacy and Contribution of Foods, Fortified Foods and Supplements
Authors: Moyersoen Isabelle , Devleesschauwer Brecht , Dekkers Arnold , De Ridder Karin , Tafforeau Jean , Van Camp John , Van Oyen Herman , Lachat Carl
Published: August 2017

A key challenge of public health nutrition is to provide the majority of the population with a sufficient level of micronutrients while preventing high-consumers from exceeding the tolerable upper intake level. Data of the 2014 Belgian food consumption survey (n = 3200) were used to assess fat-soluble vitamin (vitamins A, D, E and K) intake from the consumption of foods, fortified foods and supplements. This study revealed inadequate intakes for vitamin A, from all sources, in the entire Belgian population and possible inadequacies for vitamin D. The prevalence of inadequate intake of vitamin A was lowest in children aged 3–6 (6–7%) and highest in adolescents (girls, 26%; boys, 34–37%). Except for women aged 60–64 years, more than 95% of the subjects had vitamin D intake from all sources below the adequate intake (AI) of 15 μg/day. The risk for inadequate intake of vitamins K and E was low (median > AI). Belgian fortification and supplementation practices are currently inadequate to eradicate suboptimal intakes of vitamins A and D, but increase median vitamin E intake close to the adequate intake. For vitamin A, a small proportion (1–4%) of young children were at risk of exceeding the upper intake level (UL), while for vitamin D, inclusion of supplements slightly increased the risk for excessive intakes (% > UL) in adult women and young children. The results may guide health authorities when developing population health interventions and regulations to ensure adequate intake of fat-soluble vitamins in Belgium.
Iron Fortification of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) to Address Iron Deficiency
Authors: Podder Rajib , Tar’an Bunyamin , Tyler Robert , Henry Carol , DellaValle Diane , Vandenberg Albert
Published: August 2017

Iron (Fe) deficiency is a major human health concern in areas of the world in which diets are often Fe deficient. In the current study, we aimed to identify appropriate methods and optimal dosage for Fe fortification of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) dal with FeSO4·7H2O (ferrous sulphate hepta-hydrate), NaFeEDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid iron (III) sodium salt) and FeSO4·H2O (ferrous sulphate mono-hydrate). We used a colorimetric method to determine the appearance of the dal fortified with fortificants at different Fe concentrations and under different storage conditions. Relative Fe bioavailability was assessed using an in vitro cell culture bioassay. We found that NaFeEDTA was the most suitable fortificant for red lentil dal, and at 1600 ppm, NaFeEDTA provides 13–14 mg of additional Fe per 100 g of dal. Lentil dal sprayed with fortificant solutions, followed by shaking and drying at 75 °C, performed best with respect to drying time and color change. Total Fe and phytic acid concentrations differed significantly between cooked unfortified and fortified lentil, ranging from 68.7 to 238.5 ppm and 7.2 to 8.0 mg g−1, respectively. The relative Fe bioavailability of cooked fortified lentil was increased by 32.2–36.6% compared to unfortified cooked lentil. We conclude that fortification of lentil dal is effective and could provide significant health benefits to dal-consuming populations vulnerable to Fe deficiency.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease: Summary of the 2016 Agency of Healthcare Research and Quality Evidence Review
Authors: Balk Ethan , Lichtenstein Alice
Published: August 2017

We summarize the 2016 update of the 2004 Agency of Healthcare Research and Quality′s evidence review of omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The overall findings for the effects of marine oil supplements on intermediate CVD outcomes remain largely unchanged. There is high strength of evidence, based on numerous trials, of no significant effects of marine oils on systolic or diastolic blood pressures, but there are small, yet statistically significant increases in high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. The clinical significance of these small changes, particularly in combination, is unclear. The strongest effect of marine oils is on triglyceride concentrations. Across studies, this effect was dose-dependent and related to studies′ mean baseline triglyceride concentration. In observational studies, there is low strength of evidence that increased marine oil intake lowers ischemic stroke risk. Among randomized controlled trials and observational studies, there is evidence of variable strength of no association with increased marine oil intake and lower CVD event risk. Evidence regarding alpha-linolenic acid intake is sparser. There is moderate strength of evidence of no effect on blood pressure or lipoprotein concentrations and low strength of evidence of no association with coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure.
Facile, Efficient Copolymerization of Ethylene with Norbornene-Containing Dienes Promoted by Single Site Non-Metallocene Oxovanadium(V) Catalytic System
Authors: Wang Kaiti , Wang Jiabao , Li Yanguo , Pan Li , Li Yuesheng
Published: August 2017

Non-metallocene oxovanadium(V) complexes bearing either [ONNO]-type amine pyridine bis(phenolate) ligands or [ONN]-type amine pyridine phenolate ligands were employed as efficient catalysts to copolymerize ethylene with several unsymmetrical norbornene-containing dienes, such as 5-vinyl-2-norbornene (VNB), 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene (ENB) or dicyclopentadiene (DCPD), producing copolymers with high comonomer incorporations (VNB: 33.0 mol %; ENB: 30.4 mol %; DCPD: 31.6 mol %, respectively) and high molecular weight (VNB: 86.4 kDa; ENB: 256 kDa; DCPD: 86.4 kDa, respectively). The enchainment of the dienes was proven to be exclusive of vinyl-addition via the C=C double bond of the norbornene ring while the other double bond was retained near the backbone without crosslinking. During the copolymerization of ethylene with ENB, a positive ‘comonomer effect’ was observed. The catalytic activities of the catalysts as well as the molecular weights and comonomer incorporations of the resultant copolymers could be tuned within a wide range by varying the structures of the catalysts and copolymerization conditions. The [ONN]-type oxovanadium(V) complexes showed higher catalytic activities than those of [ONNO]-type oxovanadium(V) complexes, irrespective of the structure of the dienes. In addition, the dominant chain transfer pathway of the non-metallocene oxovanadium(V) catalytic system promoted copolymerization was proven to be transfer to aluminum compounds.
Directional Alignment of Polyfluorene Copolymers at Patterned Solid-Liquid Interfaces
Authors: Pan Xiaolu , Li Hongwei , Zhang Xinping
Published: August 2017

Polyfluorene and its derivatives have been recognized as efficient light-emitting semiconductors. However, directional alignment of polyfluorene copolymers at a large scale has rarely been observed, in particular for the two relatively more amorphous members of poly-9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-bethiadisazole (F8BT) and poly-(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-(N,N0-diphenyl)-N,N′di(p-butyl-oxy-pheyl)-1,4-diamino-benzene) (PFB) molecules. Furthermore, the directional alignment of PFB has not been observed so far due to the triphenylamine units in its molecular structures. We present, in this work, a solution-processible method to achieve large-scale alignment of F8BT and PFB molecules into fibers as long as millimeters in a defined direction. Spin-coating the polymer film on to a glass substrate patterned by one-dimensional dielectric nano-grating structures through interference lithography and subsequent modification using 1,5-pentanediol have been used in all of the preparation procedures. Polymer fibers have been obtained in an arrangement parallel to the grating lines. The microscopic, spectroscopic, and photoconductive performances verified the formation and the quality of these directionally-aligned polymeric fibers.
Development of Synergistic Antimicrobial Coating of p-Aramid Fibers Using Ag Nanoparticles and Glycidyltrimethylammonium Chloride (GTAC) without the Aid of a Cross-Linking Agent
Authors: Kang Chankyu , Ahn Dajeong , Roh Changhyun , Kim Sam Soo , Lee Jaewoong
Published: August 2017

Functional p-aramid fibers that can express antimicrobial activity were produced by simple processing of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which are well known as antimicrobial agents, by using glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTAC), a quaternary ammonium salt. P-aramid fibers were treated with GTAC by the pad-dry-cure process and put into an Ag colloid solution for reactions at 40 °C for 90 min to prepare GTAC/AgNPs-treated p-aramid fibers. Through these processes, GTAC was used as a substitute for existing cross-linking agents. The changes in the degree of attachment of AgNPs to the surface of p-aramid fibers were determined using a scanning electron microscope according to parameters such as GTAC concentration, Ag colloid concentration, and reaction temperature. Through this study, the following results were obtained: (i) The tensile strength of AgNPs/GTAC-treated p-aramid fibers was found to be about 80% of that of untreated p-aramid fibers; (ii) Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the thermal stability of p-aramid fibers did not change much after GTAC/AgNPs treatment and (iii) Antimicrobial activity analysis showed that AgNPs/GTAC-treated p-aramid fibers exhibited superior antibacterial properties compared to untreated p-aramid fibers, which may or may not be the effect of GTAC or AgNPs, or both.
The Ultrasonic Directional Tidal Breathing Pattern Sensor: Equitable Design Realization Based on Phase Information
Authors: Sinharay Arijit , Rakshit Raj , Khasnobish Anwesha , Chakravarty Tapas , Ghosh Deb , Pal Arpan
Published: August 2017

Pulmonary ailments are conventionally diagnosed by spirometry. The complex forceful breathing maneuver as well as the extreme cost of spirometry renders it unsuitable in many situations. This work is aimed to facilitate an emerging direction of tidal breathing-based pulmonary evaluation by designing a novel, equitable, precise and portable device for acquisition and analysis of directional tidal breathing patterns, in real time. The proposed system primarily uses an in-house designed blow pipe, 40-kHz air-coupled ultrasound transreceivers, and a radio frequency (RF) phase-gain integrated circuit (IC). Moreover, in order to achieve high sensitivity in a cost-effective design philosophy, we have exploited the phase measurement technique, instead of selecting the contemporary time-of-flight (TOF) measurement; since application of the TOF principle in tidal breathing assessments requires sub-micro to nanosecond time resolution. This approach, which depends on accurate phase measurement, contributed to enhanced sensitivity using a simple electronics design. The developed system has been calibrated using a standard 3-L calibration syringe. The parameters of this system are validated against a standard spirometer, with maximum percentage error below 16%. Further, the extracted respiratory parameters related to tidal breathing have been found to be comparable with relevant prior works. The error in detecting respiration rate only is 3.9% compared to manual evaluation. These encouraging insights reveal the definite potential of our tidal breathing pattern (TBP) prototype for measuring tidal breathing parameters in order to extend the reach of affordable healthcare in rural regions and developing areas.
Validating MODIS and Sentinel-2 NDVI Products at a Temperate Deciduous Forest Site Using Two Independent Ground-Based Sensors
Authors: Lange Maximilian , Dechant Benjamin , Rebmann Corinna , Vohland Michael , Cuntz Matthias , Doktor Daniel
Published: August 2017

Quantifying the accuracy of remote sensing products is a timely endeavor given the rapid increase in Earth observation missions. A validation site for Sentinel-2 products was hence established in central Germany. Automatic multispectral and hyperspectral sensor systems were installed in parallel with an existing eddy covariance flux tower, providing spectral information of the vegetation present at high temporal resolution. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values from ground-based hyperspectral and multispectral sensors were compared with NDVI products derived from Sentinel-2A and Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The influence of different spatial and temporal resolutions was assessed. High correlations and similar phenological patterns between in situ and satellite-based NDVI time series demonstrated the reliability of satellite-based phenological metrics. Sentinel-2-derived metrics showed better agreement with in situ measurements than MODIS-derived metrics. Dynamic filtering with the best index slope extraction algorithm was nevertheless beneficial for Sentinel-2 NDVI time series despite the availability of quality information from the atmospheric correction procedure.
An Energy-Efficient Mobile Sink-Based Unequal Clustering Mechanism for WSNs
Authors: Gharaei Niayesh , Abu Bakar Kamalrulnizam , Mohd Hashim Siti , Hosseingholi Pourasl Ali , Siraj Mohammad , Darwish Tasneem
Published: August 2017

Network lifetime and energy efficiency are crucial performance metrics used to evaluate wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Decreasing and balancing the energy consumption of nodes can be employed to increase network lifetime. In cluster-based WSNs, one objective of applying clustering is to decrease the energy consumption of the network. In fact, the clustering technique will be considered effective if the energy consumed by sensor nodes decreases after applying clustering, however, this aim will not be achieved if the cluster size is not properly chosen. Therefore, in this paper, the energy consumption of nodes, before clustering, is considered to determine the optimal cluster size. A two-stage Genetic Algorithm (GA) is employed to determine the optimal interval of cluster size and derive the exact value from the interval. Furthermore, the energy hole is an inherent problem which leads to a remarkable decrease in the network’s lifespan. This problem stems from the asynchronous energy depletion of nodes located in different layers of the network. For this reason, we propose Circular Motion of Mobile-Sink with Varied Velocity Algorithm (CM2SV2) to balance the energy consumption ratio of cluster heads (CH). According to the results, these strategies could largely increase the network’s lifetime by decreasing the energy consumption of sensors and balancing the energy consumption among CHs.
An Iterative Closest Points Algorithm for Registration of 3D Laser Scanner Point Clouds with Geometric Features
Authors: He Ying , Liang Bin , Yang Jun , Li Shunzhi , He Jin
Published: August 2017

The Iterative Closest Points (ICP) algorithm is the mainstream algorithm used in the process of accurate registration of 3D point cloud data. The algorithm requires a proper initial value and the approximate registration of two point clouds to prevent the algorithm from falling into local extremes, but in the actual point cloud matching process, it is difficult to ensure compliance with this requirement. In this paper, we proposed the ICP algorithm based on point cloud features (GF-ICP). This method uses the geometrical features of the point cloud to be registered, such as curvature, surface normal and point cloud density, to search for the correspondence relationships between two point clouds and introduces the geometric features into the error function to realize the accurate registration of two point clouds. The experimental results showed that the algorithm can improve the convergence speed and the interval of convergence without setting a proper initial value.
Cutting GHG Emissions at Student Housing in Central Mexico through Solid Waste Management
Authors: Aguilar-Virgen Quetzalli , Taboada-González Paul , Baltierra-Trejo Eduardo , Marquez-Benavides Liliana
Published: August 2017

Solid waste characterisation studies have been conducted at the household or municipal level, but fewer studies have assessed the composition of solid waste within institutions of higher education or university student residences. Studies carried out in universities usually refer to the academic buildings, yet, reports of waste characterisation from student housing and the associated greenhouse gas emissions are scarce. The goal of this work was to present a study case where both equivalent carbon dioxide (CO2eq) emissions and waste reductions were successfully attained in student housing after implementation of a solid waste management strategy. Two waste characterisation studies were carried out, before and after a waste management program was implemented to reduce waste generation. The waste generation per capita (GPC) per day was estimated at 1.5 kg for the first study (2014) and 1.1 kg for the second (2015); in addition, 87% of the waste stream was diverted from the landfill through vermicomposting and recycling. The percentage of food waste used for vermicomposting was 2.83%. The CO2eq emissions in 2014 were estimated at 12,624 kg CO2eq (0.43 kg/capita/day) and 761 kg for 2015 (0.03 kg/capita/day). Appropriate solid waste management was revealed to have a fundamental role in cutting indirect CO2eq emissions.
Green and Sustainable Mining: Underground Coal Mine Fully Mechanized Solid Dense Stowing-Mining Method
Authors: Huang Jiu , Tian Chuyuan , Xing Longfei , Bian Zhengfu , Miao Xiexing
Published: August 2017

China produces and consumes most of coal in the world. This situation is expected to continue within a certain period in the future. Currently, Chinese coal industry is confronted with several serious problems relating to land resource, water resource, environmental, and ecological sustainability. Coal resource exploitation causes the permanent fracture and movement of strata structure, which have caused the fracture and collapse of overlying strata and further led to the subsidence of ground surface as well as the seepage of water in aquifers around the coal seam, which has resulted not only in the loss of land and water resources, but also in serious threats and accidents to underground mining. On the other hand, mining and mineral-processing wastes are one of the world’s long plagued concerns among solid wastes. Coal gangue, as the major waste with a huge amount of discharge, has not only occupied the land, but has also contaminated the ambient land resources and hydrological environment, and further led to ecological system destruction and degradation. What is more, in China there are large amounts of coal—located under railways, buildings, and water bodies—which are unavailable with traditional mining methods. These problems are obviously threaten the concept of green sustainable development. This paper introduces a novel developed solid dense stowing mining method, which is able to significantly reduce or event eliminate the corresponding damages caused by underground mining behavior and realize green and sustainable development. The novelty of this research work is realizing the automation and synchronization of mining and material stowing with an appropriate compaction ratio for adequate support of goaf roof. It can improve the stability of rock strata and the safety and efficiency of underground mining. We also studied and designed a perfect stowing material by using coal gangue and fly ash with appropriate proportions under different particle size gradations. By implementation of the above-mentioned methods in China, the solid dense stowing rate of mined seam areas have reached more than 95% and the overburden strata movements have been reduced to extremely low level which had nearly no damages to above buildings. The solid dense stowing mining method has also realized the reuse and recycling of coal mine solid wastes. Meanwhile, considerable previously unavailable coal resources under buildings, railways, and water bodies have been made available for exploration, which could extend the life of coal mines and increase the sustainability for coal industry and the environment. Ultimately, this method is a reliable way to realize green and sustainable mining. The strata structure protection, the surface subsidence prevention, and coal mine solid waste disposal have been realized at the same time.
Dismantling of the Inverted U-Curve of Open Innovation
Authors: Yun JinHyo , Won DongKyu , Jeong EuiSeob , Park KyungBae , Lee DooSeok , Yigitcanlar Tan
Published: August 2017

The purpose of this study is to address the following research question: What is the relationship between open innovation and firm performance? The study built up a research framework with three factors—i.e., open innovation strategy, time scope, and industry condition—to find out the concrete open innovation effects on firm performance. This study adopted four different research methods. Firstly, we applied the aforementioned factors to a game of life simulation in order to identify the concrete differences of open innovation effects on firm performance. Secondly, the study examined the real dynamics of open innovation effects on firm performance in the aircraft industry—one of the oldest modern industries—through a quantitative patent analysis. It then looked into the effects of major factors that impact open innovation effects. Thirdly, this study developed a mathematical model and tried to open the black box of open innovation effects on firm performance. Lastly, the study logically compiled research on open innovation effects on firm performance through the presentation of a causal loop model and derived the possible implications.
Simplified Neutrosophic Exponential Similarity Measures for the Initial Evaluation/Diagnosis of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Symptoms
Authors: Fu Jing , Ye Jun
Published: August 2017

When a physician carries out the clinical survey of a patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) symptoms to reach the initial evaluation/diagnosis of BPH, the existing initial evaluation method of BPH based on the international prostate symptom score (I-PSS) usually uses the objective evaluation/diagnosis method with crisp values without considering fuzzy information. However, this common evaluation/diagnosis method may lead to the loss of a great deal of useful incomplete, uncertain, and inconsistent information in the clinical survey and initial evaluation process of the BPH symptoms for a patient, resulting in an unreasonable evaluation and diagnosis distortion of the BPH symptoms. To overcome this drawback, this paper aims to propose new exponential similarity measures (ESMs) between simplified neutrosophic sets (SNSs), including single-valued neutrosophic ESMs and interval neutrosophic ESMs, and their initial evaluation/diagnosis method of the BPH symptoms with simplified neutrosophic information. Finally, two evaluation/diagnosis examples of the BPH symptoms are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and rationality of the proposed method.
Cellular Entry of Clostridium perfringens Iota-Toxin and Clostridium botulinum C2 Toxin
Authors: Takehara Masaya , Takagishi Teruhisa , Seike Soshi , Oda Masataka , Sakaguchi Yoshihiko , Hisatsune Junzo , Ochi Sadayuki , Kobayashi Keiko , Nagahama Masahiro
Published: August 2017

Clostridium perfringens iota-toxin and Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin are composed of two non-linked proteins, one being the enzymatic component and the other being the binding/translocation component. These latter components recognize specific receptors and oligomerize in plasma membrane lipid-rafts, mediating the uptake of the enzymatic component into the cytosol. Enzymatic components induce actin cytoskeleton disorganization through the ADP-ribosylation of actin and are responsible for cell rounding and death. This review focuses upon the recent advances in cellular internalization of clostridial binary toxins.
The Potential for Reassortment between Oropouche and Schmallenberg Orthobunyaviruses
Authors: Tilston-Lunel Natasha , Shi Xiaohong , Elliott Richard , Acrani Gustavo
Published: August 2017

A number of viruses within the Peribunyaviridae family are naturally occurring reassortants, a common phenomenon for segmented viruses. Using a minigenome-reporter and virus-like particle (VLP) production assay, we have accessed the potential of Oropouche virus (OROV), Schmallenberg virus (SBV), and other orthobunyaviruses within the Simbu serogroup to reassort. We found that the untranslated region (UTR) in the medium segment is a potential contributing factor for reassortment by the tested viruses. We demonstrate that for promoter activity to occur it was essential that the viral RNA polymerase (L) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins were from the same virus, reinforcing the hypothesis that the large and small segments that encode these proteins segregate together during genome reassortment. Our results indicate that, given the right epidemiological setting, reassortment between SBV and OROV would potentially be feasible and could contribute to the emergence of a new Simbu virus.
Chance-Constrained Dynamic Programming for Multiple Water Resources Allocation Management Associated with Risk-Aversion Analysis: A Case Study of Beijing, China
Authors: Li Wei , Jiao Kuo , Bao Zhe , Xie Yulei , Zhen Jiliang , Huang Guohe , Fu Lingbo
Published: August 2017

Water shortage and water pollution have become major problems hindering socio-economic development. Due to the scarcity of water resources, the conflict between water supply and demand is becoming more and more prominent, especially in urban areas. In order to ensure the safety of urban water supply, many cities have begun to build reservoirs. However, few previous studies have focused on the optimal allocation of water resources considering storage reservoirs. In this study, a multi-water resources and multiple users chance-constrained dynamic programming (MMCDP) model has been developed for water resources allocation in Beijing, China, which introduces reservoir and chance-constrained programming into the dynamic programming decision-making framework. The proposed model can distribute water to different departments according to their respective demands in different periods. Specifically, under the objective of maximal benefits, the water allocation planning and the amount of water stored in a reservoir for each season under different feasibility degrees (violating constraints or available water resources situations) can be obtained. At the same time, the model can be helpful for decision-makers to identify the uncertainty of water-allocation schemes and make a desired compromise between the satisfaction degree of the economic benefits and the feasibility degree of constraints.
Sustained Virological Response by Direct Antiviral Agents in HCV Leads to an Early and Significant Improvement of Liver Fibrosis
Authors: Persico Marcello , Rosato Valerio , Aglitti Andrea , Precone Davide , Corrado Mariano , Luna Antonio De , Morisco Filomena , Camera Silvia , Federico Alessandro , Dallio Marcello , Claar Ernesto , Caporaso Nicola , Masarone Mario
Published: August 2017

Background

Direct antiviral agents (DAA) demonstrated high efficacy among HCV-infected patients in registered trials. Nevertheless, the impact of these therapies on liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and liver functionality in ‘real-life’ is not well-known. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the sustained virological response (SVR) impact on LSM and clinical parameters of DAA-therapy on a real-life population of HCV patients with F3/F4 fibrosis.

Methods

A total of 749 HCV genotype 1–4 patients with F3/F4 hepatitis undergoing antiviral therapy were consecutively enrolled in four centres of hepatology in Italy. Clinical, biochemical and imaging data were collected at the baseline (T0), at the end of treatment (EoT) and after 12 weeks (SVR12).

Results

Out of 749 patients, 69.7% were F4 and 30.3% were F3. SVR12 was reached in 97.5%. LSM significantly decreased from T0 to EoT ( P<0.001), whereas, it did not from EoT to SVR12 ( P= not significant). Moreover, in F4 no significant differences were found in Child and MELD between T0, EoT and SVR12 ( P= not significant). At the univariate analysis of clinical and liver parameters, baseline high glucose ( P<0.005), type 2 diabetes ( P<0.001), low alanine aminotransferase (ALT; P<0.001), low platelets ( P<0.005), and the presence of esophageal varices (EV; P<0.001) were found to be associated with a lack of a significant EoT LSM improvement. At multiple regression, ALT ( P<0.05), diabetes ( P<0.005) and EV ( P<0.05) were inversely associated with significant LSM reduction.

Conclusions

Virological response to DAA is associated with fibrosis regression and recovery of liver functionality and this can be detected as early as EoT. HCV eradication is associated with a rapid and significant clinical improvement that lasts over time and seems to be negatively influenced by diabetes and EV.
Change Management in the Academic Library
Authors: Adebayo Oyeronke , Fagbohun Michael Opeoluwa , Esse Ugwunwa Chinyere , Nwokeoma Nwanne Mary
Published: August 2017

The introduction of ICT has no doubt changed and redefined the way and manner in which library operations are carried out. In this chapter, the phenomenon of change management was discussed and Unfreeze-Change-Refreeze model was adopted. The chapter also delved into the management of change in academic libraries, types of Digital library collections, access mode to digital collections, the need for transition from print to digital collections, the need to reposition library tools, resources and expertise, need for accessibility of collections by user, the need and benefits for preservation of digital resources, health and safety policies and prospect of change management. Despite the great achievements recorded in academic libraries due to change in operations, there is still another side to the coin. Issues such as techno stress which is a technology related health problem came to the fore. Other challenges such as increase in expenditure, staffing issues, etc. also surfaced.
Changing Scenario From Information Management to Knowledge Management
Authors: Natarajan R.
Published: August 2017

Most extant knowledge management systems are constrained by their overly rational, static and a contextual view of knowledge. Effectiveness of such systems is constrained by the rapid and discontinuous change that characterizes new organizational environments. The prevailing knowledge management paradigm limits itself by its emphasis on convergence and consensus-oriented processing of information. Strategy experts have underscored that the focus of organizational knowledge management should shift from ‘prediction of future' (that cannot be computed) to ‘anticipation of surprise.' Such systems may be enabled by leveraging the divergent interpretations of information based upon the meaning-making capability of human beings. By underscoring the need for synergy between innovation and creativity of humans and the advanced capabilities of new information technologies, this article advances current thinking about knowledge management.
Developing In-House Digital Tools
Authors: Ajmi Ayyoub
Published: August 2017

The author describes his experiences working in the Leon E. Bloch Law Library designing and prototyping in-house digital tools to improve communication among internal and external stakeholders. The projects discussed include a custom study room schedule application syncing university calendar to affordable tablets to increase staff productivity, an online data visualization dashboard to help digest large and complex sets of data for better understanding and decision making, and a mobile application to offer students and community an easy access to library resources and services. In addition, the author calls for the need to engage in innovative and experimental practices in libraries by encouraging collaboration with external partners to help develop new services and improve existing ones.
Faculty's Examination of Virtual Learning Strategies to Communicate With Students
Authors: Conway Cassandra Louise Sligh , Sims Yvonne , Quarles Audrey McCrary , Burnette Diane M. , Harris Stanley Melton , James Maria A. , Mathis Christopher , Zisholtz Ellen Naomi , Hayes Gloria , Staten Bridget Hollis , Whitaker Jr. William H. , Fields Valerie S. , Maultsby Michelle L.
Published: August 2017

Faculty's examination of virtual learning strategies to communicate with students is essential. Virtual learning is an innovative way to work with student s in higher education. The purpose of this effort is as follows: a) note strategies that can enhance the communication process with students and faculty during the virtual learning process; b) provide a review of contemporary research on virtual learning and activities; c) provide narratives from faculty in higher education that provide virtual learning environments and effective communication strategies to students. Authors from multiple disciplines provide their perceptions of virtual learning and some challenges or experiences in implementing activities to communicate with students in higher education. Their perception of using this type of learning with students is shared and common themes are discussed. In all efforts, there is a discussion of the benefits, purpose, and implications of this type of learning. Recommendations, strategies and future directions are presented.
The Utilization of a Formalized Complaint Management System as a Communication Tool to Foster Student Success
Authors: Carpenter Corey , Bradley Peter D.
Published: August 2017

The field of Higher Education is experiencing a revolution spurred on by the expanding frontier of technology. Leaders of higher education institutions seek to improve student communication processes which will positively impact the student experience. Effective communication strategies are needed which can effectively be used in times of conflict at institutions of higher education. This quantitative study examined a series of predictors, both individually and collectively, as they related to the number of additional classes students completed after the conflict had occurred.
The Rubric of Rubik's Communication Cube in Online Graduate Courses
Authors: Zimmerman JuliAnna , Wirfel Dwayne A. , Piper Randy T.
Published: August 2017

The Rubik's Communication Cube (RCC) is a learning metaphor for improving understanding of the communications narrative. The authors summarize seven theories: (1) economics networks, (2) social networks, (3) innovation, (4) high-trust leadership, (5) negotiation, (6) goal-setting, and (7) motivation. Besides the authors' 20 best practices list, the authors argue that the best practice of developing a communication management measurement system (CMMS) is critically important. The authors propose a testable, parsimonious communication-online performance learning (COPL) model that includes the constructs of goal-setting, negotiation, trust, communication satisfaction, learning motivation, and learning performance. If teachers and students were to negotiate interactively communication plans based on an ethos of trust coupled with goal-setting for each online graduate student (OGS), then this interdependent Rubik's Communication Cube would enhance and advance each OGS's learning motivation and ultimately learning performance.
Engaging With Online Graduate Students
Authors: Fazio Matthew David
Published: August 2017

The academic landscape has been in a state of flux since the inception of online degrees. In addition to fully online colleges and universities, traditional accredited institutions are adding fully online programs. However, one area that could be supported with further research is the pedagogy of online teaching for graduate students. Teaching online has a whole host of challenges, and so does teaching graduate students; to best serve students, educators must maintain the connectedness and community required by distance learning while simultaneously meeting the intellectual rigor necessary for a graduate course. This chapter will identify three potential ways to foster better communication through philosophically grounded pedagogies between graduate students and instructors including student-centered methods of communication, marketplace application, and group collaborations.
Online Doctoral Student Satisfaction
Authors: Levitch Dara , Shaw Melanie
Published: August 2017

Institutions of higher learning invest a great deal of time and money on retention issues. Research has identified institutional variables significant to student retention. Current researchers suggest each institution conduct studies to determine the specific factors important to the population served. Increasing retention has considerable financial and economic benefits to the institution, as well as benefits to the individual, especially if it leads to program completion. Research of literature has also indicated that quality of faculty and academic advising communications are two important factors perceived by students as contributing to overall the academic experience.
Mentoring Toward Independent Scholarship
Authors: Howe Nathan Philip
Published: August 2017

The proliferation of online degree program offerings has necessitated new approaches to academic mentoring. This chapter discusses best practices in mentoring for online graduate students, focused through the lens of transactional distance theory. Synchronous and asynchronous communication approaches are discussed, using the context of formalized faculty-led mentoring programs. Unique needs of graduate students and unique attributes of online education require mentoring approaches that optimally apply mentor attributes in the psychosocial and academic domains. Attributes of communication and competence are especially important. Mentors should also help students to develop self-regulatory behaviors that lead toward independent scholarship. The chapter provides practical suggestions for initiating, building, maintaining, and concluding effective mentoring relationships. A brief discussion of impacts of technological advances on the future of mentoring is also provided.
Leveraging Generational Strengths in Online Graduate Education
Authors: Rombola Sydney M.
Published: August 2017

The proliferation of online graduate schools has resulted in greater numbers of students with greater diversity than ever before. Generational diversity affects the ability of online faculty to communicate effectively with graduate students. Faculty-student communication is improved by applying generational theory. Four main cohort groups actively participate in online education, each with their own set of preferences and tendencies, including: Veterans (born 1925-1942); Baby Boomers (born 1943-1960); Generation X (born 1961-1980); and Millennials (born 1981-2001). Differentiating online faculty communication methods based on generational tendencies is a potent and efficient method of empowering educators and motivating graduate students. Improved faculty-student communication enhances student engagement, creating greater satisfaction that leads to higher retention and improved academic performance. As faculty understand generational identity, communication is enriched by emphasizing each generation's strengths and avoiding misunderstandings.
Virtual Supercomputer Using Volunteer Computing
Authors: Shettar Rajashree , Niranjan Vidya , Reddy V. Uday Kumar
Published: August 2017

Invention of new computing techniques like cloud and grid computing has reduced the cost of computations by resource sharing. Yet, many applications have not moved completely into these new technologies mainly because of the unwillingness of the scientists to share the data over internet for security reasons. Applications such as Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) require high processing power to process and analyze genomic data of the order of petabytes. Cloud computing techniques to process this large datasets could be used which involves moving data to third party distributed system to reduce computing cost, but this might lead to security concerns. These issues are resolved by using a new distributed architecture for De novo assembly using volunteer computing paradigm. The cost of computation is reduced by around 90% by using volunteer computing and resource utilization is increased from 80% to 90%, it is secure as computation can be done locally within the organization and is scalable.