bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation between the number of interstitial neurons of the white matter and number of neurons within cortical layers: Histological analyses in postnatal macaque
Authors: Ahmed Bashir , Duque Alvaro , Rakic Pasko , Molnár Zoltán
Published: June 2024

We have examined the number and distribution of NeuN‐immunoreactive cortical white matter interstitial cells (WMICs) and compared them to the neurons in layers 1–6 across the overlying cortex in coronal sections from postnatal macaques. The data have been gathered from over 300 selected regions at gyral crowns, at sulci, and at linear regions of the cortex where we also determined cortical layer thicknesses: standard thicknesses and tangential thicknesses. Cortical thicknesses and cell numbers showed variability according to gyral, linear, or sulcal regions. In spite of these variations, our standardized cell numbers in layers 1 to 6b and interstitial cells underlying layer 6b‐white matter boundary have shown a consistent correlation between the number of WMICs and the number of layer 5 and 6a cortical neurons on all cortical regions studied: for each WMIC, there are on the order of five cortical neurons in layer 5 and approximately three cortical neurons in layer 6a, irrespective of the origins of the selected cortical area or whether they are from gyral, linear, or sulcal regions. We propose that the number of interstitial neurons in the postnatal macaque cortex is correlated to the density of neurons within layers 5 and 6a and, from a clinical perspective, the change in density or distribution of interstitial neurons in schizophrenia or epilepsy may in fact be linked to the number of layers 5 and 6a neurons.
2D/2D Heterojunction of Cobalt‐Iron Selenide Nanolamellas/MXene for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhu Fengyi , Liu Chen , Hao Linlin , Xu Chenyu , Zhu Yingkun , Liu Xiaying , He Haiyan , Huang Huajie
Published: June 2024

Electrochemical water splitting is considered to be a green and flexible strategy for the mass production of hydrogen fuel, while the high cost and insufficent activity of current cathode catalysts severely suffocate the widespread thriving of hydrogen economy. Herein, we present a bottom‐up assembly strategy to the controllable construction of 2D/2D heterojunctions built from cobalt‐iron selenide nanolamellas and Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets. This unique architectural design gives the resulting CoyFe1‐ySe2/Ti3C2Tx catalysts a series of interesting structural advantages, such as 2D/2D heterostructure, large active surface areas, modulated electronic structure, uniform CoyFe1‐ySe2 dispersion, and good electron conductivity, thereby leading to strong synergistic coupling effects. As a consequence, the optimized Co0.7Fe0.3Se2/Ti3C2Tx electrocatalyst with an appropriate Co/Fe ratio possesses unusual hydrogen evolution properties in terms of a low overpotential of 69 mV at 10 mA cm−2, a small Tafel slope of 51 mV dec−1 and reliable long‐term durability, which are more competitive than those of bare Ti3C2Tx, FeSe2 and CoSe catalysts.
Common and novel haplotype structures between different types of cancer
Authors: Gholami Morteza
Published: June 2024

Background

Background: Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have identified hundreds of genetic variants associated with cancer risk. GWAS data are important for cancer prevention and understanding the underlying mechanisms of cancer.

Aims

This study aimed to investigate the genetic association between different types of cancer using GWAS data and a bioinformatics approach.

Methods and results

The significant GWAS variants associated with more than one cancer type were identified. Common linkage disequilibrium (LD) variants between different types of cancer were identified by 1000 genomes phase 3 LD data. Haplotype blocks were identified by analyzing 1000 Genomes phase 3 genotyping data in the GWAS populations. Subsequent analyses included functional SNP analyses and TCGA gene expression. The results associated with significant GWAS variants (P<5E‐8) showed the following haplotype associations in European population: GT rs4808075‐rs8170 haplotype on BABAM1 with breast and ovarian cancers, GC rs16857609‐rs11693806 haplotype on DIRC3 with breast and thyroid cancers, GCG rs380286‐rs401681‐rs31487 haplotype on CLPTM1L with skin and lung cancers, GGG rs4430796‐rs11651052‐rs11263763 haplotype on HNF1B with prostate and endometrial cancers, and GT rs10505477‐rs6983267 haplotype on CASC8 associated with colorectal and prostate cancers. All these genes had significantly different expressions in tumor tissues (P<1E‐3). In addition, the rs11693806 variant is located in the hsa‐miR‐873‐5p binding site and has an enhancing effect on the hsa‐miR‐873‐5p:DIRC3 interaction.

Conclusion

These novel haplotype structures and miRNA:lncRNA interactions are important for understanding the common genetic link between cancers. These results can potentially be used in genetic panels.
A case report of renal cell carcinoma metastasis revealed through late‐onset thyroid nodules
Authors: Khalafi‐Nezhad Abolfazl , Zamani Ali , Amini Mahya , Negahban Shahrzad
Published: June 2024

Background

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common and prevalent cancers all around the world with a prevalence of 3%. Approximately twenty percent of patients present with metastasis at the time of diagnosis, while late metastasis in renal cell carcinoma is a quite familiar phenomenon. Head and neck and particularly thyroid metastasis from RCC are rare events.

Case

We present a case of a 75‐year‐old woman who developed thyroid nodules 13 years after nephrectomy for RCC. Diagnosis confirmed metastatic RCC through clinical history, histomorphology, and immunohistochemistry. Imaging studies revealed thyroid lesions without metastasis in other organs. The patient underwent total thyroidectomy and remains symptom‐free after 2 years of follow‐up.

Conclusion

This case highlights the importance of considering metastatic lesions is crucial in managing thyroid nodules in patients with a history of cancer, particularly RCC.
The Molecular Design and Electroluminescent Performance of Near‐Infrared (NIR) Iridium(III) Complexes Bearing Isoquinoline‐, Phthalazine‐ and Phenazine‐Based Ligands
Authors: Zhu Chengyun , Liu Lina , Yang Xiaolong , Zhou Guijiang , Sun Yuanhui
Published: June 2024

Near‐infrared (NIR) light has characteristics of invisibility to human eyes, less background interference, low light scattering, and strong cell penetration. Therefore, NIR luminescent materials have significant applications in imaging, sensing, energy, information storage and display. The development of NIR luminescent materials thus has emerged as a highly dynamic area of research in the realm of contemporary materials. To date, NIR luminescent materials are roughly divided into inorganic materials and organic materials. Compared with inorganic materials, organic NIR luminescent materials have become a hot research topic in recent years due to their rich sources, easy control of structure, simple preparation process, low cost, and good film‐forming properties. Among them, iridium(III) [Ir(III)] complexes exhibit excellent properties such as thermal stability, simple synthesis, easy color modulation, short excited state lifetimes, and high brightness, thus becoming one of the ideal luminescent material systems for preparing high‐quality organic light‐emitting diodes. Therefore, how to obtain Ir(III) complexes with NIR emission and high efficiency through molecular design is a necessary and promising research topic. This work reviews the research progress of representative NIR Ir(III) complexes bearing isoquinoline‐, phenazine‐, and phthalazine‐based ligands reported in recent years and introduces the design strategies and electroluminescent performances of NIR Ir(III) complexes.
Corporate governance mechanisms and carbon disclosure: A multilevel and multitheory literature survey
Authors: Ali Waris , Wilson Jeffrey , Frynas Jedrzej George
Published: June 2024

This study provides a comprehensive review and synthesis of 62 empirical studies on corporate governance drivers of carbon disclosure. We reveal that companies are experiencing pressure for carbon disclosure at multiple levels. At the macro‐level, pressures from regulatory institutions, normative institutions, financial markets, media, society, and economic cost were the most influential factors driving carbon disclosure. At the meso‐level, peer pressure from companies in similar industries as well as owners and investors influenced carbon disclosure. At the micro‐level, board diversity, board independence, and internal organizational systems explained the likelihood and commitment to carbon disclosure. In addition, we comprehensively reviewed and synthesized the theoretical lenses that have been used in scholarship on the impact of corporate governance mechanisms on carbon disclosure. Our study is the first multitheory and multilevel literature review on the impact of corporate governance mechanisms on carbon disclosure.
Assessing and managing environmental, social, and governance risks in agri‐food companies
Authors: Boiral Olivier , Brotherton Marie‐Christine , Talbot David , Guillaumie Laurence
Published: June 2024

The objective of this article is to analyze the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) risks to which agri‐food companies are exposed and the various practices they adopt to manage them. An analysis of the sustainability reporting produced by 135 agri‐food companies that are relatively committed to ESG risk management shows the wide diversity of ESG risks they consider as well as the very uneven coverage of these risks in corporate disclosures. This article proposes an integrative model to describe how agri‐food companies handle risk management based on four main topics: assessing and monitoring ESG risks; internalizing risk management; implementing standards, approaches, and specific tools; and preventing risks through innovation and stakeholder partnerships. This article makes important contributions to the emerging literature on ESG risk management and corporate sustainability in the agri‐food industry, notably by mapping such risks and by summarizing the main practices used by agri‐food companies to manage them.
Promoting Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia on Silver Nanocrystals Doped with Iron Series Elements
Authors: Yang Chenyuan , Peng Quanxiao , Dong Liuqi , Xing Dandan , Lu Jixue , Fu Yuhan , Cai Feier , Chen Chen , Wang Changhong , Guo Chunxian
Published: June 2024

Electrochemical nitrate reduction to ammonia (NRA) is a promising approach to remove environmental pollutants while producing green NH3 under ambient conditions. Ag‐based nanomaterials have been used in NRA but their iron series elements (Fe, Co, Ni) doping has not been explored yet. Herein, an effective and versatile doping strategy of Ag nanocrystals by iron series elements for efficient NRA is presented. Experimental results show that doping with Fe, Co or Ni can improve the NRA activity. Among the catalysts, AgCo delivers the best performance with a Faraday efficiency (FE) of 88.3 % and ammonia selectivity of 97.4 % at−0.23 V vs RHE, which is 1.9 and 6.2 times higher than that of plain Ag (46.4 % FE and 15.8 % selectivity), respectively. A highest NO3− conversion rate of AgCo (91.8 %) is achieved, which maintains 16.4 ppm NO3−−N in 4 hours, meeting the drinking water level (~15 ppm NO3−−N). Moreover, the FE, selectivity, conversion rate of AgCo do not decay after the four consecutive cycles. It is found that Co doping can effectively induce the change of Ag d‐band center for optimized NRA. This work reveals doping effects of iron series elements on Ag‐based catalysts, and shows potential practical application in NRA.
Visible Light‐Driven Hypochlorous Acid Synthesis Using a Sustainable and Cost‐Effective WO3/CdS Photocatalyst without Precious Metals
Authors: Wang Yi , Han Shuiquan , Lu Qingbiao , Zhang Dun , Wang Jin , He Peng
Published: June 2024

Compared with traditional electrolytic technology, directly using photocatalytic materials to produce hypochlorous acid from chlorine‐containing water undoubtedly has stronger low‐carbon and environmentally‐friendly characteristics. However, currently reported materials with photocatalytic chlorine production performance require precious metal Pt for catalysis, which undoubtedly greatly increases production costs. Therefore, developing new types of non‐precious metal‐based photocatalytic materials for efficient hypochlorous acid synthesis has significant implications. In this study, we demonstrate a novel breakthrough by showing that the WO3/CdS with a Z‐scheme structure effectively generated 3.54 mg/L of free chlorine in a 0.5 M NaCl solution, while also exhibiting spectral bactericidal and algal inhibition properties. The Z‐scheme structure can effectively prevent carrier recombination and improve photocatalytic efficiency. Therefore, this research provides a novel approach to photocatalytic antifouling and holds significant implications for the application of photocatalytic technology in the marine antifouling industry.
Empirical correlations between ground motion intensity measures from the NGA‐West2 database and their use in vector generalized conditional intensity measures
Authors: Wang Xiaolei , Wang Ximing
Published: June 2024

This paper examines the empirical correlations between 14 intensity measures (IMs) describing the frequency content, amplitude, cumulative effects, and duration aspects of ground motion based on the NGA‐West2 database. The correlation results in this paper are compared with the results of previous models based on the NGA‐West1 database, and the previous correlation coefficient models are updated and extended. The comparison results show that the trend of the correlation coefficients of the model established in this paper is essentially consistent with previous models based on the NGA‐West1 database, with most correlation coefficients observed in this paper being slightly lower than in previous studies. In addition, this paper extends the generalized conditional intensity measure (GCIM) ground motion selection method so that it can consider multiple conditional IMs (VGCIM), and gives full theoretical details. The differences between the theories of VGCIM and GCIM are discussed, and several possible application scenarios of VGCIM are illustrated. An example application of VGCIM is shown, and the results show that there are deviations between the target IMs conditional distribution constructed after considering multiple conditional IMs and considering one IM that is sufficient to make an impact in the ground motion selection. Finally, the effect of the correlation coefficient model on the IMs conditional distributions generated based on GCIM and VGCIM is discussed.
2‐Pyridinyl/quinolyl‐phenylamino‐quinoline Complexes With CF3 and C2F5 Ligated Ni
Authors: Håheim Katja S. , Deolka Shubham , Fayzullin Robert R. , Lund Bjarte Aarmo , Khaskin Eugene , Sydnes Magne O.
Published: June 2024

A new ligand architecture based on quinoline/pyridine attached ortho to the amine functionality on an aniline, which is coupled to another quinoline unit has been prepared. Ligands L1 and L2 have been complexed with CF3 and C2F5 ligated nickel centers. The resulting complexes have been extensively studied by NMR spectroscopy (on 1H, 13C{1H}, and 19F nuclei) and single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. A poorly defined mixture of complexes obtained from L1 and nickel bis‐trifluoromethyl complex was moderately active in C−H trifluoromethylation with the Umemoto I reagent.
Trifluoromethylsulfinyl Compounds: Recent Synthetic Approaches and Future Perspectives
Authors: Liang Fangcan , Zhu Dianhu
Published: June 2024

The introduction of trifluoromethylsulfinyl group into the required target molecules has become an indispensable strategy for pharmaceutical chemists to improve the success of new drug discovery. Compared with the indirect methods, direct trifluoromethylsulfinylation by employing available trifluoromethylsulfinylating reagents is an important and elegant strategy for the rapid assembly of valuable CF3S(O)‐derived organic molecules. This review focuses on the recent synthetic approaches and future perspectives of trifluoromethylsulfinyl compounds based on the indirect and direct methods in this area. These transformations proceed effectively with high yields and good functional group compatibility under mild conditions.
On the impact of spatial covariance matrix ordering on tile low‐rank estimation of Matérn parameters
Authors: Chen Sihan , Abdulah Sameh , Sun Ying , Genton Marc G.
Published: June 2024

Spatial statistical modeling involves processing an symmetric positive definite covariance matrix, where denotes the number of locations. However, when is large, processing this covariance matrix using traditional methods becomes prohibitive. Thus, coupling parallel processing with approximation can be an elegant solution by relying on parallel solvers that deal with the matrix as a set of small tiles instead of the full structure. The approximation can also be performed at the tile level for better compression and faster execution. The tile low‐rank (TLR) approximation has recently been used to compress the covariance matrix, which mainly relies on ordering the matrix elements, which can impact the compression quality and the efficiency of the underlying solvers. This work investigates the accuracy and performance of location‐based ordering algorithms. We highlight the pros and cons of each ordering algorithm and give practitioners hints on carefully choosing the ordering algorithm for TLR approximation. We assess the quality of the compression and the accuracy of the statistical parameter estimates of the Matérn covariance function using TLR approximation under various ordering algorithms and settings of correlations through simulations on irregular grids. Our conclusions are supported by an application to daily soil moisture data in the Mississippi Basin area.
Improving educational equity through the Latinx family lens: A case study of the Juntos Program
Authors: Urieta Diana Milena , Young Amy
Published: June 2024

The Latinx population is the largest minority group in the United States and education is consistently identified as a critical topic among both US and foreign‐born Latino voters. In this article, the authors representing two land‐grant universities from a western (Oregon) and southern (North Carolina) region of the nation demonstrate how culturally responsive evaluation (CRE) principles are used to identify impacts and continuous program improvement to the development and implementation of a program driven to provide access and equitable experiences, knowledge, and resources to support the educational success of Latinx youth. Since 2007, the Juntos Program has intentionally focused on family engagement to drive students’ academic success. This article will showcase the evolution of program evaluation practices driven by the communities’ voices and how collaborative CRE can strengthen the work while ensuring communities' unique cultures based on demographic areas are acknowledged. This article will present a historical Juntos evaluation framework as an example of how Latinx families have participated in the evolution of the program's evaluation practices. In addition, it will provide insights and tools for others who wish to improve the cultural responsiveness of their programs. We acknowledge that identity is personal, and preference for various labels and terminology for the Hispanic/Latino/a/e/x vary based on the individual, community, and context. We respect the use of Hispanic, Latino/a/e/x, and a person's country of origin, which many Juntos families prefer. This article will use “Latinx” as a gender‐inclusive umbrella term.
Enzymatic phosphorylation of uridine and cytidine using calcium‐based dual‐enzyme nanoflowers
Authors: Zhao Ziye , Nie Ning , Li Xinwei , Shi Ye , Liu Xudong , Zhang Yifei
Published: June 2024

Nucleotides, such as uridine 5′‐monophosphate (5′‐UMP) and cytidine 5′‐monophosphate (5′‐CMP), are heavily demanded as food additives, dietary supplements, and medicinal intermediates. Although enzymatic phosphorylation is an effective approach to producing these nucleosides, its practical application is challenging due to the need for the expensive enzymes and coenzyme guanosine‐5′‐triphosphate (GTP). Here we prepared biocompatible calcium‐based nanoflowers incorporated with cascade enzymes, uridine‐cytidine kinase (UCK) and acetate kinase (ACK), for the production of nucleotides. The spatial distribution of these enzymes was optimized to maximize their catalytic performances. The most active nanoflowers (Ca3(PO4)2& ACK)& UCK that display the rate‐limiting enzyme UCK on the outer layer were used in a packed‐bed reactor for continuous synthesis of 5′‐UMP and 5′‐CMP. The catalytic performance of the catalyst retained over 80% within 10 h, showing good operational stability.
Environmental impact investigation of combined CCS and SCR on a ship by a case study
Authors: Zincir Bugra Arda , Zincir Burak , Deniz Cengiz , Usluer Hasan Bora , Arslanoglu Yasin
Published: June 2024

The environmental and economic performance of a post‐combustion solvent‐based carbon capture system (CCS) combined with a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system is investigated on a 48,600 kW engine container ship to meet the International Maritime Organization's emission reduction strategies through 2050. The proposed system uses aqueous ammonia to mitigate the produced CO2 and NOX emissions onboard a ship. Moreover, the combined system is investigated through a voyage‐based case study using an engine room simulator, assuming that CCS and SCR are implemented on the reference ship. During the case study, the referenced container ship sailed from Rotterdam to New York, and the estimations were made by using Netpas Distance 4.0 software program. Results indicate that a total of 3,606.04 ton‐CO2 and 92.40 ton‐NOX are produced, while 3,345.43 ton‐CO2 and 40.67 ton‐NOX are captured during the voyage. Furthermore, an economic analysis is carried out after the case study. Findings of the economic analysis are: CAPEX of CCS is $32.07 MM and SCR is $2.19 MM, while OPEX of CCS and SCR are $188,873 and $103,681, respectively. In addition, it was calculated that implementing CCS could avoid the CO2 tax cost of $19,472, while the economic value of the CO2 captured was $113,590. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interaction between old age and precarious employment on poor mental well‐being in workers: Evidence from a nationally representative sample in Korea
Authors: Baek Seong‐Uk , Lee Yu‐Min , Won Jong‐Uk , Yoon Jin‐Ha
Published: June 2024

Objective

This study examined the relationship between precarious employment (PE) and mental well‐being, focusing on age‐specific interactions.

Methods

Nationally representative Korean workers (N = 29,961) were surveyed between 2020 and 2021 to collect data on multidimensional PE (categorized as low, moderate, or high) and the WHO‐5 well‐being index. Workers' ages were classified as young (<35 years), middle‐aged (35–54 years), and older (≥55 years). Logistic regression was performed to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The interaction between PE and age on well‐being was examined by including interaction terms in the regression models.

Results

The prevalence of poor well‐being was 25%, 29%, and 39% for low, moderate, and high precariousness, respectively, whereas it was 26%, 30%, and 39% for young, middle‐aged, and older workers, respectively. In the overall sample, the OR (95% CI) of the association between PE and poor well‐being was 1.24 (1.17–1.32) for moderate and 1.54 (1.43–1.65) for high precariousness, compared with low precariousness. There was a significant interaction between old age and PE on the odds of poor well‐being. Compared with young workers with low PE, middle‐aged workers with high PE (OR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.62–2.10) and older workers with high PE (OR: 2.10, 95% CI: 1.83–2.40) exhibited increased odds of having poor mental well‐being.

Conclusion

PE serves as a social determinant of older workers' psychological well‐being. Policy interventions are required to protect older workers' psychological well‐being.
Toxoplasma gondii suppress human cord blood cell differentiation to the NK cell population
Authors: Mahmoudzadeh Sepideh , Dizaji Asl Khadijeh , Nozad Charoudeh Hojjatollah , Rahbarghazi Reza , Ahmadi Mahdi , Heidarzadeh Morteza , Spotin Adel , Ahmadpour Ehsan
Published: June 2024

Background

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that can invade all mammalian cells. It is well established that natural killer (NK) cells have critical protective roles in innate immunity during infections by intracellular pathogens. In the current study, we conducted an in vitro experiment to evaluate NK cell differentiation and activation from human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (UCB‐MNCs) after infection with T. gondii tachyzoites.

Methods

UCB‐MNCs were infected by fresh tachyzoites of type I (RH) or type II (PTG) strains of T. gondii pre‐expanded in mesenchymal stem cells for 2 weeks in a medium enriched with stem cell factor, Flt3, IL‐2, and IL‐15. Flow cytometry analysis and western blot analysis were performed to measure the CD57+, CD56+, and Granzyme A (GZMA).

Results

Data revealed that incubation of UCB‐MNCs with NK cell differentiation medium increased the CD57+, CD56+, and GZMA. UCB‐MNCs cocultured with PTG tachyzoites showed a significant reduction of CD56+ and GZMA, but nonsignificant changes, in the levels of CD56+ compared to the control UCB‐MNCs (p > .05). Noteworthy, 2‐week culture of UCB‐MNCs with type I (RH) tachyzoites significantly suppressed CD57+, CD56+, and GZMA, showing reduction of NK cell differentiation from cord blood cells.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that virulent T. gondii tachyzoites with cytopathic effects inhibit NK cell activation and eliminate innate immune responses during infection, and consequently enable the parasite to continue its survival in the host body.
Instrumentation for TMS‐EEG Experiment: ArTGen and a Custom EEG Interface
Authors: Varone Giuseppe , Boulila Wadii , Pascarella Angelo , Gasparini Sara , Aguglia Umberto
Published: June 2024

In transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG) experiments, two researchers typically collaborate in the lab. This study addresses the challenge a single researcher faces in managing the TMS experiment's timing while operating the TMS coil. It introduces the Arduino Trigger Generator (ArTGen) to remotely control the timing of TMS experiments using a footswitch pedal. Moreover, a bespoke printed circuit board (PCB) is designed to interface the eegoMylab amplifier with off‐the‐shelf EEG caps. The ArTGen facilitates accurate timing of the TMS stimulator's inter‐pulse intervals (IPIs) through a footswitch pedal, enhancing researchers' control over TMS‐EEG experiments. The PCB interface provides a cost‐effective tool to extend the functionality of the eegoMylab amplifier. The integration of our PCB interface has been validated in a custom TMS‐EEG setup by analyzing TMS‐evoked potentials (TEPs), global mean field power (GMFP), butterfly plots, and event‐related spectral potentials (ERSPs). The PCB reliably preserved EEG signal integrity, ensuring accurate data acquisition. Thorough channel‐wise consistency checks across components confirmed data accuracy. ArTGen's portability and footswitch feature streamline experimental control, aiding TMS‐EEG research and clinical applications. Moreover, our PCB resolves compatibility between the eegoMylab amplifier and the Waveguard EEG cap by extending the amplifier to connect to off‐the‐shelf EEG caps. The ArTGen serves as a robust remote control tool for TMS stimulators, while our PCB interface presents a solution for integrating a customized TMS‐EEG setup. This study addresses the gap in existing TMS‐EEG research by introducing innovative technological enhancements that not only augment experimental flexibility but also streamline procedural workflows.
Ratiometric fluorescence sensor for protamine and heparin based on N,P‐doped carbon dots and Eosin Y
Authors: He Xuan , Ou Li‐Juan , Wei Ji , Li Fang‐Ling , Song Zi‐Ming , Zhang Chun‐Yan , Sun Ai‐Ming
Published: June 2024

A novel ratiometric fluorescent assay was proposed for protamine and heparin based on blue‐emitting N,P‐doped carbon dots (N,P‐CDs) and green‐emitting Eosin Y. The N,P‐CDs were prepared using arginine as carbon and nitrogen sources according to hydrothermal method with favorable luminescence intensity, photostability, and good reproducibility. And the N,P‐CDs were used as internal reference fluorescence molecules. The anionic Eosin Y was used as fluorescence signal molecule. Protamine with positive group could interact with Eosin Y through electrostatic effect, leading to the fluorescence quenching of Eosin Y. Upon the addition of heparin, heparin was combined with protamine with stronger affinity through electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds, which preventing the bonding of protamine with Eosin Y and obvious fluorescence emissions of Eosin Y at 538 nm could be observed. Meanwhile, the fluorescence signal of N,P‐CDs at 420 nm remained stable during the whole process. A good linear range between the fluorescence emission intensity ratio of I538/I420 was obtained for protamine from 0.01 to 40 μg/mL with a low detection limit of 5.6 ng/mL, and heparin from 0 to 35 μg/mL with a low detection limit of 2.5 ng/mL. Moreover, the method was further applied to detection of heparin with satisfactory results in fetal bovine serum samples.
Microfragmented abdominal adipose tissue‐derived stem cells from knee osteoarthritis patients aged 29–65 years demonstrate in vitro stemness and low levels of cellular senescence
Authors: Hammer Freja Aabæk , Hölmich Per , Nehlin Jan O. , Vomstein Kilian , Blønd Lars , Hölmich Lisbet Rosenkrantz , Barfod Kristoffer Weisskirchner , Bagge Jasmin
Published: June 2024

Purpose

To investigate the level of cellular senescence in stem cells derived from microfragmented abdominal adipose tissue harvested from patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods

Stem cells harvested from microfragmented abdominal adipose tissue from 20 patients with knee OA, aged 29–65 years (mean = 49.8, SD = 9.58), were analysed as a function of patient age and compared with control cells exhibiting signs of cellular senescence. Steady‐state mRNA levels of a panel of genes associated with senescence were measured by qPCR. Intracellular senescence‐associated proteins p16 and p21, and senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase activity were measured by flow cytometry. Cellular proliferation was assessed using a 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine proliferation assay. Stemness was assessed by stem cell surface markers using flow cytometry and the capacity to undergo adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation in vitro.

Results

No correlation was found between cellular senescence levels of the microfragmented adipose tissue‐derived stem cells and patient age for any of the standard assays used to quantify senescence. The level of cellular senescence was generally low across all senescence‐associated assays compared to the positive senescence control. Stemness was verified for all samples. An increased capacity to undergo adipogenic differentiation was shown with increasing patient age (p = 0.02). No effect of patient age was found for osteogenic differentiation.

Conclusions

Autologous microfragmented adipose tissue‐derived stem cells may be used in clinical trials of knee OA of patients aged 29–65 years, at least until passage 4, as they show stemness potential and negligible senescence in vitro.

Level of Evidence

Not applicable.
CD4+ chronic lymphocytic leukemia in an 86‐year‐old male veteran: A case report
Authors: Abdelrahim Sara , Thai Glory H. , Burke Juanita , O'Brien Timothy , Ansari Mohammad Q. , Zhao Chen , Sakr Hany
Published: June 2024

CD4+ chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) represents an extremely rare example of phenotypic aberrancy within CLL. We present a case of an 86‐year‐old male veteran with a history of multiple comorbidities who was incidentally diagnosed with CD4+ CLL during a routine peripheral blood workup. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges and characteristic features of CD4+ CLL, including flow cytometric analysis, molecular, and fluorescence in situ hybridization findings. The patient was classified as asymptomatic CLL Rai stage 0, warranting regular monitoring without a need for treatment intervention.
Optimal conceptual theory: Integrating spirituality, mind, and body through Africana concepts
Authors: Burt Isaac
Published: June 2024

Optimal conceptual theory (OCT) is a holistic model espousing a person's reality is simultaneously spiritual and material, encapsulating biological, social, cognitive, and spiritual elements, conceptualized through an Africana worldview. Although created over 31 years ago, very little literature exists examining OCT as a viable counseling theory with clients. The purpose of this article is to correct that trend and provide a brief case example illustrating how to utilize OCT in a counseling setting.
Flavonoid gossypetin protects alveolar bone and limits inflammation in ligature‐induced periodontitis in mice
Authors: Seok Jiwon , Kim Myoung Ok , Kim Sung‐Hyun , Ryu Ka‐Young , Kim Jae‐Young , Lee Heon‐Jin , Kim Yong‐Gun , Lee Youngkyun
Published: June 2024

Background

Bacterial‐induced inflammation instigates the destruction of hard and soft tissues surrounding teeth in periodontitis. In severe cases, the increased number and activity of osteoclasts induces the resorption of alveolar bones, ultimately leading to tooth loss. Because of their diverse chemical structures and bioactivities, natural compounds are often suggested to treat a wide variety of diseases, including inflammatory disorders.

Methods

In the present study, we demonstrated an inhibitory effect of gossypetin, a hexahydroxy flavone, on osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption using in vitro culture of osteoclasts from mouse bone marrow macrophage (BMM) precursors and in vivo model of ligature‐induced periodontitis in mice.

Results

Gossypetin significantly reduced the differentiation of osteoclasts from mouse BMM precursors in the presence of the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL). In vitro, gossypetin inhibited critical signaling events downstream of RANKL including the auto‐amplification of nuclear factor of activated T‐cells, cytoplasmic 1, Ca2+ oscillations, and the generation of reactive oxygen species. In a mouse ligature‐induced periodontitis model, the administration of gossypetin significantly reduced osteoclastogenesis and alveolar bone resorption. Furthermore, gossypetin prevented the ligature‐induced increase in macrophages and T cells and reduced the production of tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐6.

Conclusion

Taken together, these results show anti‐osteoclastogenic and anti‐inflammatory effects of gossypetin, suggesting the potential use of this natural compound in periodontitis.
A new method for quantification of tomatine‐enriched extracts
Authors: Faria‐Silva Catarina , Eleutério Carla V. , Simões Pedro , Carvalheiro Manuela , Simões Sandra
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Green tomato extracts, an agro‐food industry waste, are rich in the glycoalkaloid tomatine, which presents activity against several diseases. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet (UV) detection is one of the most used techniques for quantification of bioactive compounds. The aim of this study was to optimize and validate a selective HPLC method with diode array detector (DAD) for the quantitative analysis of tomatine extracted from green tomatoes by subcritical water.

RESULTS

Chromatographic runs were performed on a InertSustain Phenyl (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) analytical column, at a wavelength of 205 nm. A concentration range of 50–580 μg mL−1 was used. The validation process was performed considering the linearity, precision, trueness, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of the method. The selected mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and a solution of 20 mmol L−1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) pH 3, resulted in suitable retention times and a standard calibration curve with adequate linearity (R2 = 0.9999). The method trueness was evaluated by the recovery assay, obtaining a mean recovery of 105% and the precisions were 1.4% and 0.9% (percentage relative standard deviation, RSD%) for the tomatine standard and extract samples, respectively. The inter‐day variability was 2.7–9.0% (RSD%) for the standards and 6.9% (RSD%) for extract. The LOD and the LOQ of the method were determined at 8.0 and 24.1 μg mL−1, respectively.

CONCLUSION

The herein described method was successfully used for the quantification of tomatine in a tomato‐derived extract. Furthermore, the method constitutes a simple and rapid analytical approach able to be used as a routine protocol. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Arthroscopic anterior deltoid plication with bone anchor is an effective procedure to control residual talar anterior translation after lateral ligament repair
Authors: Vega Jordi , Malagelada Francesc , Guelfi Matteo , Dalmau‐Pastor Miki
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Residual symptoms can be observed after ankle lateral ligament repairs commonly due to hyperlaxity, severe ankle instability or a failed stabilization. In order to increase joint stability, ligament or capsular‐ligament plication has been used in other joints. Given that the anterior portion of the deltoid is a stabilizer against anterior talar translation, it could be used as an augmentation to restrict anterior talar translation. The aim of this study was to describe an arthroscopic anterior deltoid plication with a bony anchor as an augmentation to the lateral stabilization. The results in a series of eight patients were presented.

Methods

Eight patients (seven males, median age 31 [range, 22–43] years) presented residual instability after arthroscopic all inside lateral collateral ligament repair. Arthroscopic anterior deltoid ligament plication was performed in these patients. Median follow‐up was 22 (range, 15–27) months. Using an automatic suture passer and a knotless anchor, the anterior deltoid was arthroscopically plicated to the anterior aspect of the medial malleolus.

Results

During the arthroscopic procedure, only an isolated detachment of the anterior talofibular ligament was observed without any deltoid open‐book injury in any case. All patients reported subjective improvement in their ankle instability after the arthroscopic all‐inside ligament repair and the anterior deltoid plication with a bony anchor. On clinical examination, the anterior drawer test was negative in all patients. The median American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society score increased from 68 (range, 64–70) preoperatively to 100 (range, 90–100) at final follow‐up.

Conclusion

The arthroscopic anterior deltoid plication is a feasible procedure to augment stability and control anterior talar translation when treating chronic ankle instability in cases of residual excessive talar translation.

Level of Evidence

Level IV.
Long‐term clinical and radiological outcomes after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy on stable knees are better for traumatic tears when compared to degenerative lesions: A systematic review
Authors: Bogas Droy Héloïse , Dardenne Théopol , Djebara Azeddine , Pujol Nicolas
Published: June 2024

Purpose

An arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM) for degenerative meniscus lesions and traumatic meniscus tears are two distinct entities and their long‐term outcomes are rarely reported. The aim of this review was to compare the long‐term (clinical and radiological) results of APM performed on stable knees for traumatic tears (TT) or degenerative lesions (DL).

Methods

Pubmed, Scopus and Embase databases were searched to identify relevant studies published between 2010 and 2023 using the keywords ‘meniscectomy’ OR ‘meniscectomies’ OR ‘meniscal resection’. English‐language, Levels I–IV evidence studies reporting either radiographic or clinical outcome measures with a minimum of 6 years' follow‐up after APM were included. Studies including discoid meniscus, open meniscectomy, unstable knee and combination with other procedures were excluded. To rate the quality of evidence, the methodological index for non‐randomized studies was used.

Results

Thirty‐two studies were included, with follow‐up periods ranging from 6 to 22 years. Eleven studies dealt with TT with a mean age of 31.5 ± 6.6 years and a mean follow‐up of 11.6 ± 6.9 years. At the last follow‐up, radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) ranged from 36% to 76%, with an average rate of 48 ± 19%; functional scores ranged from 71 to 97, with a mean of 90 ± 4 for the Lysholm score, 86 ± 10 for the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and 94 ± 16 for the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome (KOOS). Twenty‐one studies dealt with DL with a mean age of 49.9 ± 7.2 years and a mean follow‐up of 14.9 ± 6.3 years. At the last follow‐up, radiographic OA ranged from 23% to 97%, with an average rate of 77 ± 28%; functional scores ranged from 40 to 87, with a mean of 79 ± 10 for the Lysholm score and 71 ± 16 for the IKDC.

Conclusion

Ten‐year clinical outcomes of APM are better for TTs when compared to DLs. Rates of OA are difficult to compare but lower for TTs.

Level of Evidence

Level IV.
Multi‐objective reliability‐based robust design for a rock tunnel support system using Pareto optimality
Authors: Zhang Zheming , Li Sikan , Zhang Yu , Zhou Yifeng , Ji Jian
Published: June 2024

In the context of rock material and modeling uncertainties, the optimization of rock tunnel support systems is often conducted by selecting the most cost‐effective solution among several feasible options that typically rely on the engineer's experience, potentially leading to overlooking the most optimal design. To improve such a limitation, this paper presents a multi‐objective reliability‐based robust design, considering the cost, safety, and design robustness systematically while maintaining the computational efficiency. In this framework, the uncertainty‐based reliability constrains is performed using the first‐order reliability method (FORM) and an improved Hasofer–Lind–Rackwits–Fiessler recursive algorithm (iHLRF‐x). The design robustness, in terms of sensitivity index (SI), is evaluated using the normalized gradient of the system response to the noise factors, which can be efficiently obtained from the output of FORM analysis. Then, the Pareto front revealing the tradeoff between multiple objectives can be directly generated using the proposed optimization framework. To illustrate the effectiveness of this procedure, a set of the optimal design combinations of the shotcrete thickness and installation position for the exampled rock tunnel are obtained, and new perspectives pertaining the success of the reliability‐based robust designs are provided.
Efficacy of enteral feeding by gastrostomy tube placement in patients with Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome on body weight and days of hospitalization: A retrospective case series
Authors: Lee Sangbo , Ko Ara , Park Sowon , Kim Kyung Won , Ihn Kyong , Ho In Geol , Kim Se Hee , Kim Heung Dong , Lee Joon Soo , Kang Hoon‐Chul
Published: June 2024

Background

Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a severe form of drug‐resistant epilepsy that begins during childhood and frequently leads to significant neurological impairments. Patients with LGS are likely to receive improper oral nutrition because of issues such as dysphagia and aspiration risk, potentially resulting in long‐term tube feeding and eventual gastrostomy tube placement. Therefore, we investigated the effects of gastrostomy tube placement on nutrition outcomes and frequency of hospitalization in LGS.

Methods

We retrospectively examined 67 patients diagnosed with LGS who had undergone gastrostomy tube placement between January 2005 and August 2022. Comprehensive clinical data and complications arising from the procedure were collected. Patients’ nutrition condition and frequency of hospitalizations were analyzed before and after gastrostomy tube placement.

Results

Gastrostomy tube placement was performed for the following reasons: high risk of aspiration (50 out of 67, 74.6%), dysphagia (13 out of 67, 25.4%), persistent nasogastric tube feeding (2 out of 67, 3.0%), and severe malnutrition (2 out of 67, 3.0%). After the procedure, z scores for weight‐for‐age improved significantly, shifting from –3.35 ± 3.57 to –2.54 ± 2.70 over a 2‐year interval (P < 0.001). Additionally, the total days of hospitalization and days of hospitalization due to respiratory symptoms reduced significantly from 41.94 ± 51.76 to 15.27 ± 26.68 (P < 0.001) and from 23.75 ± 36.92 to 10.52 ± 22.98 (P = 0.009), respectively. Among the patients, 50 (74.6%) experienced complications resulting from gastrostomy, with a relatively small proportion of major complications (11 out of 67, 16.4%) and no mortality.

Conclusion

Gastrostomy tube placement is a relatively safe procedure with favorable effects on nutrition status and hospitalization rates in patients with LGS.
Effect of crystalline phase formed by compound flame retardant on the flame retardancy and ceramization of polyethylene composites
Authors: Zhang Xiangbin , Xu Lang , Sun Qing , Zhang Jian , Sheng Jiawei
Published: June 2024

Ceramic polyolefin composites have the capability to transform into hard ceramics when exposed to fire conditions. During the ceramization process, the formation of new crystalline phase plays a crucial role in enhancing flame‐retardant and ceramifiable properties. Consequently, ceramic polyolefin composites show great potential for the applications in fire‐resistant wires and cables. In this article, the incorporation of the compound flame retardant consisting of ammonium polyphosphate/melamine cyanurate/zinc borate (APP/MCA/ZB) was found to enhance the flame retardancy and ceramization of polyethylene/wollastonite fiber/phosphate glass frits (PE/WF/PGF) composites. The results indicated that ceramifiable flame‐retarding PE composites with compound flame retardant exhibited superior flame retardancy compared to pure PE and PE composites with a single flame retardant. Specifically, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) was significantly increased to 26.8%, and the vertical combustion test rating in UL‐94 (test for flammability of plastic materials for parts in devices and appliances) reached V‐0. During the heating process, ZB thermally decomposed to produce 2ZnO ⋅ 3B2O3, which reacted with CaSiO3 to form a silicate glass intermediate phase (CaO ⋅ SiO2 ⋅ 2ZnO ⋅ 3B2O3). APP thermally decomposed to produce (HPO3)n, which reacted with 2ZnO ⋅ 3B2O3 to form a phosphate glass intermediate phase (nP2O5 ⋅ 2ZnO ⋅ 3B2O3). These two glass phases experienced a eutectic reaction with WF, ultimately producing the formation of a new crystalline phase of calcium zinc phosphate (CZP, Ca19Zn2(PO4)14). This newly formed CZP phase made sintered ceramics more compact and had higher flexural strength. The flexural strength of ceramic residues after sintering was 11.68 MPa, meeting the requirements for practical applications.