bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rich or Poor Nation: Water Scarcity is a Global Crisis
Authors:   Growth Oil and Gas Austin, Texas, USA, Kumar Naresh
Published: December 2024

Almost four billion people face severe water scarcity worldwide. This is not a problem of either rich or poor countries. Simply using more fresh water than is available for agriculture, industry, or domestic use has made the crisis critical. Climate change has degraded the patterns of fresh-water availability worldwide while population growth and rising standards of living have caused increasing demand on the supplies. This paper discusses only the supply and demand side of fresh water. The problems related to the distribution or quality of that water is beyond the scope of this study. Although citing examples of water-related crises in USA, Brazil, and North and North-Central Africa (hereafter referred to as NNCA), the main part of the paper deals with the causes and possible solutions for hydrological "emergency" in India. India provides a type example for the causes of water crisis and its possible solutions. Logical steps taken at one time to raise the standards of living and provide plentiful food for the population appear to have worsened the crisis many years later. Population growth, increased living standards, growing urbanization (considered public good) have all contributed to the water crisis not just in India, but worldwide. Perhaps the Indian example can serve as a “model” for what to do and perhaps more importantly, what not to do for other parts of the world.
In 1951 the Indian population stood at 361million; by 2023 it has exceeded China's at 1.461 billion. During this period, the per-capita water availability has decreased almost fourfold! The urban population has more than doubled (from less than 20% to 40%) causing metropolitan areas to grow outwards and upwards and reducing the recharge areas to provide for the water needs of the cities. To feed the growing population, during the "Green Revolution" in the 1960s, the government provided incentives to farmers to use mechanical pumps (subsidies for electricity and fuel), for water from canals, and for fertilizers. All of this made India not only self-sufficient in food, but the world's top producer of rice and the second largest producer of wheat. However, it has also made India number one out of 170 countries in total freshwater withdrawal (2.5 trillion m3). As a result, the water table is dangerously low in many of the aquifers. In addition, pollution of surface and ground water, lack of storage capacity for the available water, and weakening of monsoons have added to the water crisis.
Steps to manage the surface waters by interlinking river systems, harvesting rain water, improving irrigation methods, changing crop patterns to reduce the use of groundwater and improving wastewater treatment may be parts of the solution not just in India, but worldwide. However, the key factors are political will and economic realities if the problem is to be tackled in a timely manner.
Comparison of Predisposition to Ethical Values and the 21st Century Competencies of Midwifery and Nursing Students in Y and Z Generations
Authors: Güney Demet , Şimşek Çetinkaya Şahika
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study was to comparison of predisposition ethical values and the 21st century competencies of midwifery and nursing students in Y and Z generations. A comparative and cross-sectional study was adopted. Data were collected between April and June 2022. The study was carried out a total of 258 students, 114 from generation Y and 144 from generation Z at the time of the research and who volunteered to participate in the research were included. Research data were collected using a “Personal Information Form,” the “The Predisposition to Ethical Values” and the “21st Century Competency Scale.” In the present study the sub-dimensions of 21st Century Competency; knowledge, character, meta learning sub-dimensions were found higher in the Y than Z generation (p
Investigation of the Effect of Different Hormone Applications on Pregnancy Rates in Repeat Breeder Cows
Authors: Yenilmez Kudret
Published: December 2024

The current study aimed to investigate the effects of GnRH during insemination and progesterone administration on conception on the fourth- and fifth days following insemination in Repeat Breeder (RB) cows. The study included 40 Holstein breed RB cows housed under identical care and feeding circumstances. The animals were divided into four groups: group I (GnRH administered immediately after insemination), group II (GnRH administered immediately after insemination + progesterone administered on days 4 and 5 after insemination), group III (progesterone administered on days 4 and 5 after insemination), and group IV (control). All animals in the study had their ovulation checked at the 24th and 36th hours after insemination, and the pregnancy was examined by USG on the 45th day. The initial estrus of non-pregnant animals and their days were established. The ovulation rates at the 24th hour was 70% in group I, 90% in group II, 50% in group III, and 50% in group IV, whereas in the 36th hour they were 30% in group I, 10% in group II, 50% in group III, and 50% in group IV, respectively. The pregnancy rates were 70% in group I, 80% in group II, 60% in group III, and 30% in group IV. The untreated control group had lower pregnancy rates (p < 0.05) compared to the treatment groups. As a result, higher pregnancy rates were seen in the treatment groups compared to the control group, indicating that three distinct treatments can be used to increase pregnancy rates in RB cows.
ФЕРМИОНДЫҚ ӨРІСІ БАР ),(BQfГРАВИТАЦИЯСЫНЫҢ ӘСЕРІ ЖӘНЕ ҚОЗҒАЛЫС ТЕҢДЕУЛЕРІ
Authors: Беков С.С. , Алтайбаева А.Б. , Мырзакулов К.Р.
Published: December 2024

Бұл жұмыста фермиондық өріс пен толтырылған жазық және біртекті Фридман Әлемінің гравитациясының модификацияланғантеориясын қарастырамыз. Жазық және біртекті Фридман Әлемі негізгі космологиялық модельдердің бір болып табылады және ол бақылау деректерімен жақсы үйлесімді. Себебі, үлкен масштабтарда Әлемдіжазық, біртекті және изотропты деп есептеуге болады. Жұмыстың мақсаты гравитацияныңмодификацияланған ),(BQfтеориясышеңберiнде Әлемніңүдемелі ұлғаю эволюциясының екінші кезеңінің (фазасының) динамикасын теориялық тұрғыда зерттеу. Qметрикалық емес скаляр, ол параллель тасымалдау процесінде вектор ұзындығының өзгеруін математикалық түрде сипаттайды және гравитациялық әсердің қасиеттерінсипаттайтын негізгі геометриялық айнымалы болып табылады.Ал Вскаляры, Риччи скаляры Rмен ширату скаляры Tарасындағы шекаралық мүше.Қарастырылған),(BQfгравитациялық моделінде қозғалыстеңдеулерін анықтау үшін вариациялықәдiс қолданылды
CRYPTOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF THE SCHEME OF POLYLINEAR CRYPTOGRAPHY
Authors: Amirkhanova D.S , Mamyrbayev O.Zh
Published: December 2024

In this paper considered a group of unitriangular matrices is vulnerable to an attack based on the efficient method of computation of an unknown exponentm in a matrix equality A = Bm(solution of the discrete logarithm problem) in a group of one-dimensional matrices. We show that the system of the polylinear crypto raptly using nilpotent groups proposed by Kahrobaei together with Italian associates A. Tortora and M. Tota proves vulnerable. This vulnerability is a result of the specific structure of unitriangular matrices, which can be exploited by attackers to efficiently compute the unknown exponent m. This opens up opportunities for attacking the system and compromising data security.Unitriangular matrices play an important role in cryptography, their use helps ensure system security and makes it a popular basis for cryptographic protocols such as Diffie-Hellman key exchange and digital signatures. In these protocols, system security is based on the assumption that it is computationally difficult to find a discrete algorithm of the elements involved. However, advacnes in computing power and algorithmic techniques have led to the development of more efficient algorithms for solving discrete logarithm problems using unitriangular matrices in certain groups, which poses a security threat to these protocols. The proposed work provides a cryptographic analysis confirming the vulnerability of unitriangular matrices
УПРАВЛЕНИЕ БОЛЬШИМИ ДАННЫМИ С ПОМОЩЬЮ МЕТОДОВМАШИННОГО ОБУЧЕНИЯ
Authors: Есенгалиева Ж.С. , Есенгалиева А.С. , Биктимир Р.Б. , Есенғали С.С.
Published: December 2024

В статье предложен ансамбль алгоритмов машинного обучения и программные результаты, включающие такие методы управления большими данными как регрессия, классификация и кластеризация. Предложенные методы в сравнении позволяют анализировать и интерпритировать полученные данные с реальными обстоятельствами на рынке недвижимости. В качестве данных рассматриваются сведения о недвижимости в столице Казахстана. Большие данные структурированы по таким полям как стоимость, классность, размер кухонного помещения, площадь и представляются в виде файла с расширением .csv, обрабатываются с помощью методов машинного обучения. В качестве среды программирования использован Python, при этом библиотеки numpy, pandas, matplotlib, Axes3D, LinearRegression, Scikit-learn, KMeans позволяют интерпретировать и визуализировать полученные данные. Проведенный вычислительный эксперимент наглядно демонстрирует классификацию данных, разделение на кластеры, а также формирует прогноз по стоимости в зависимости от заявленных признаков.
ROLE OF ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF EARLY ARTHRITIS
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, V. M. Sidzenka , S. V. Khidchenko ,   Belarusian State Medical University, V. G. Apanasovich ,   Belarusian State Medical University
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the application of ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of early arthritis. The authors present a brief history of sonography use in rheumatology. The article characterizes imaging standards of The European League Against Rheumatism (The European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology) working group on musculoskeletal ultrasound. The authors outline the advantages of ultrasound over other methods of visualization used by rheumatologists in the diagnosis of arthritis, including cost-effectiveness, accessibility, safety, and the ability to perform real-time multidimensional and dynamic assessment of joints. The article presents the consensual definitions of common sonographic pathological changes in rheumatic diseases described by the Ultrasound Working Group, including synovitis, enthesitis, tenosynovitis, tendon damage, bone erosions, osteophytes, cartilage damage, and crystal deposition. The authors discuss the difficulty in diagnosing of early arthritis with ambiguous findings of clinical examination, laboratory tests, and X-ray. The article describes the ultrasound signs of joint lesions in rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, microcrystalline arthritis, osteoarthritis, and systemic connective tissue diseases. Special attention is paid to differential diagnosis between various types of early arthritis. The authors substantiate the importance of using ultrasound in identifying early arthritis as an additional method of imaging.
TO THE STATE INSTITUTION "23 SANITARY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CENTER THE ARMED FORCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS" 80 YEARS!
Authors: D. A. Radyush , O. S. Ishutin , I. S. Shutov , A. A. Fedotov , R. R. Basharov
Published: December 2024

It is well known that the preservation, strengthening and restoration of hu-man health is achieved in two ways – the prevention of diseases, primarily tempo-rary wear and aging of the body and the treatment of sick people. Accordingly, since ancient times, two main directions in medicine have been formed - preventive (preventive medicine) and curative (clinical medicine). The implementation of the first direction of preventive medicine in the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus has been carried out for 80 years by the staff of the state institution "23 Sanitary and Epidemiological Center of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus" (here-inafter - 23 SEC of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus), the main purpose of which has always been the preservation and strengthening of health military personnel of the troops and military formations of the Belarusian army.
CHARACTERISTICS OF INFLAMMATORY INFILTRATE IN PATHOLOGY OF THE ORAL MUCOSA
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, A. A. Bogomolova , L. A. Kazeko ,   Belarusian State Medical University, T. A. Letkovskaya ,   Belarusian State Medical University
Published: December 2024

The results of a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the inflammatory cell infiltrate in autoimmune dermatoses of the oral mucosa are presented. It has been established that these pathology groups are characterized by high expression of T- and B-lymphocytes of both stroma and epithelium against the background of decreased macrophage protection. The data from the original study can be further used to develop methods for express diagnostics and pathogenetic therapy.
THE PROBLEM OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN THE PROVISION OF MEDICAL CARE TO MILITARY PERSONNEL
Authors:   Grodno State Medical University, T. V. Matsiuk , A. D. Sidorenko ,   Grodno State Medical University, E. S. Zhevnerov , K. Z. Rutskaya
Published: December 2024

The article discusses one of the most important and urgent problems of medicine at the present stage, not only in our country, but throughout the world, the solution of which is given great attention – antibiotic resistance. The authors provided general information on antibiotic resistance, antibiotic therapy in the provision of medical care to military personnel in conditions of 1134 VKMC, a retrospective analysis of the results of bacteriological research and determination of the sensitivity of microflora to antimicrobial drugs used in antibacterial therapy was carried out. Statistical data indicating the development of significant resistance to various antimicrobial drugs are presented, the choice of antibiotic therapy tactics for patients is proposed depending on the results of the antibiotic.
CATATANIA IN THE CLINIC OF MENTAL DISORDERS: SPATIO - TEMPORAL ORGANIZATION
Authors: Т. I. Mikulovich , V. U. Korsak
Published: December 2024

The article describes the "classic" manifestations of catatonia, as well as those that are quite rare in the everyday practice of a doctor. Attention is paid to the origin of catatania, which can be both idiopathic and due to organic causes. The latter give the clinical picture of the disorder the persistence of pathological symptoms, which complicates the treatment of patients. Manifestations of catatonia are examined from the perspective of violations of its spatio-temporal organization, which leads to the disappearance or distortion of human consciousness. It is shown that the disorder of the latter is the main cause of the pathogenesis of catatonia.
ASSESSMENT OF THE ACCURACY OF PREOPERATIVE DETERMINATION OF THE DEPTH OF WALL INVASION IN LOCALLY ADVANCED GASTRIC CANCER
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, A. I. Patseika , M. Yu. Reutovich ,   Belarusian State Medical University, O. V. Krasko
Published: December 2024

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of predicting the local extent of the primary tumor in gastric cancer (GC) based on the analysis of preoperative clinical data.
Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis of the results of treatment of 1054 patients who underwent radical surgery for non-metastatic GC was carried out. The relationship between preoperative clinical, morphological and laboratory parameters and the depth of invasion of the gastric wall by the primary tumor (pT) was studied. Comparison of quantitative indicators was carried out using the Kruskal-Wallis test; when examining contingency tables, the chi-square test was used; in case of violation of the assumptions underlying the chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test was used.
Results: The coincidence of cT and pT values occurs only in 58.8% of cases, while in 23% of cases defined as cT2-3, the true depth of invasion corresponded to pT1, and 31% of cases defined as cT2-3 were in subsequently classified as pT4. It has been established that the growth of the primary tumor beyond the mucous-submucosal layer of the stomach wall is more common: with infiltrative tumors in comparison with expansive growth pattern; with non-cohesive adenocarcinoma (high grade) in comparison with cohesive (low grade); with total-subtotal damage to the stomach in comparison with less widespread damage. Evaluation of changes in a number of laboratory parameters (absolute values of platelets, leukocytes, neutrophils, their ratios, as well as fibrinogen levels) confirmed the relationship with the depth of invasion of the gastric wall by the primary tumor previously described in a number of studies.
Conclusion: The presence of a relationship between a number of clinical, morphological and laboratory parameters and the depth of invasion of the gastric wall creates prerequisites for the development and application of prognostic models in order to increase the accuracy of preoperative T-staging.
THE USE OF NEGATIVE PRESSURE WOUND THERAPY IN TRAUMATOLOGY AND ORTHOPEDICS. PART 1. JUSTIFICATION OF THE METHODOLOGY, TECHNICAL FEATURES, GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR USE
Authors: A. M. Kruk , A. A. Sitnik , A. L. Linov , A. V. Bakanouski , A. V. Kochubinski , O. A. Korzun , P. A. Volotovski
Published: December 2024

Annotation. The purpose of the study is to analyze the literature data on the use of negative pressure wound therapy in clinical practice, in particular in traumatology and orthopedics, to explore current trends in the development of this method, as well as to analyze the effectiveness of techniques already introduced into clinical practice. The first mentions of the use of local negative pressure in medicine appeared more than four hundred years ago. Subsequently, many scientists experimented with the use of negative pressure therapy systems to treat soft tissue infections and wounds. Negative pressure wound therapy is used in various branches of medicine. This method plays an important role in traumatology and orthopedics, helping to achieve the solution of assigned problems. Negative pressure wound therapy has a number of undeniable positive effects, but there are also a number of possible complications in connection with the use of this method of treatment. The fundamental concept of the system for negative pressure therapy was developed more than twenty years ago, however, to this day there is an improvement and search for new and improved components of the system, as well as ways to improve the classical scheme in order to increase the effectiveness of treatment with this method. In clinical practice, both ready-to-use kits and non-commercial devices modeled for a specific clinical case are used. Over many years of using negative pressure therapy, the authors have developed a generalized methodology for managing patients treated by negative pressure wound therapy kit.
MAIN CAUSES AND RISK FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF OLFACTORY DYSFUNCTION IN ADULT PATIENTS
Authors: A. L. Malets , V. A Кarnialiuk , E. D. Mikhelis , Е. B. Galinskaya
Published: December 2024

Pathology of smell is an interdisciplinary problem. Olfactory disorders are polyetiological and occur in a wide variety of diseases. However, with these complaints, patients first turn to otolaryngologists. The article describes the etiopathogenetic mechanisms of olfactory disorders, identifying the following main causes and risk factors for the development of olfactory dysfunction in adult patients: diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses; acute respiratory viral diseases; head and nose injuries; consequences of surgical treatment in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, intracranial operations; diseases of the nervous system; diseases of the endocrine system and internal organs; intoxication; taking medications; smoking; alcohol and drug addiction, age over 65 years, metabolic disorders. The mechanism of disturbance of the olfactory function is determined by the level of damage to the olfactory analyzer and is conductive, sensorineural, central and mixed. Chronic diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses are the most common cause of olfactory dysfunction. Timely detection of olfactory disorders is fundamentally important for early diagnosis of the diseases that cause them. Determining the causes and risk factors of olfactory disorders is an important task, as it helps determine treatment tactics for patients.
RATIONALE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW DIRECTIONS IN HALLUX VALGUS CORRECTION TECHNOLOGY
Authors: A. E. Murzich
Published: December 2024

The publication provides an analytical review of the literature regarding modern technologies for the treatment of toe deformities (valgus deformity), and evaluates their advantages and disadvantages. Extensive primary experience with minimally invasive technologies for correction of foot deformities through subcapital osteotomy of the first metatarsal bone and paraosseous fixation, results and outcomes is presented. The need to develop new technologies for correction of hallux valgus deformity is substantiated.
Studi Literatur : Rimpang Sebagai Tanaman Indonesia Dengan Efektivitas Antidiabetes
Authors: Wahyudi  , Pivit Rahayu  , Rini Handayani  , Syaira Alfauza  , Windi Zahrani
Published: December 2024

Bahan baku obat tradisional adalah tanaman herbal yang tersebar di seluruh Indonesia. Ada 30.000 spesies tanaman di hutan tropis Indonesia. Rimpang adalah jenis rempah-rempah yang berbentuk batang dan tumbuh di bawah permukaan tanah. Rimpang dari berbagai jenis tanaman telah digunakan secara tradisional untuk mengobati berbagai penyakit, seperti diabetes, seperti jahe (zingiber officinale), kunyit (curcuma longa), dan temulawak (curcuma zanthorrhiza). Indonesia menempati urutan ke-7 di dunia dalam hal jumlah penderita diabetes mellitus (DM) dengan 8,5 juta orang. Studi literatur ini bertujuan untuk membuat ka
Bahan baku obat tradisional adalah tanaman herbal yang tersebar di seluruh Indonesia. Ada 30.000 spesies tanaman di hutan tropis Indonesia. Rimpang adalah jenis rempah-rempah yang berbentuk batang dan tumbuh di bawah permukaan tanah. Rimpang dari berbagai jenis tanaman telah digunakan secara tradisional untuk mengobati berbagai penyakit, seperti diabetes, seperti jahe (zingiber officinale), kunyit (curcuma longa), dan temulawak (curcuma zanthorrhiza). Indonesia menempati urutan ke-7 di dunia dalam hal jumlah penderita diabetes mellitus (DM) dengan 8,5 juta orang. Studi literatur ini bertujuan untuk membuat kajian literatur efektivitas berbagai rimpang indonesia sebagai antidiabetes. Metode dalam studi literatur ini dengan cara mengumpulkan artikel penelitian yang berkaitan dengan rimpang indonesia sebagai antidiabetes yang telah dipublikasi pada tahun 2019-2024. Pengumpulan artikel dilakukan dengan cara mengakses google scholar dengan kata kunci yang relevan. Hasil penelitian terdahulu menunjukkan bahwa rimpang(rhizoma) seperti jahe (zingiber officinale), kunyit (curcuma longa), dan temulawak(curcuma zanthorrhiza) mempunyai efektivitas yang signifikan dalam pengobatan antidiabetes. Rimpang indonesia berpotensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi obat tradisional, dan obat antidiabetes.
 
jian literatur efektivitas berbagai rimpang indonesia sebagai antidiabetes. Metode dalam studi literatur ini dengan cara mengumpulkan artikel penelitian yang berkaitan dengan rimpang indonesia sebagai antidiabetes yang telah dipublikasi pada tahun 2019-2024. Pengumpulan artikel dilakukan dengan cara mengakses google scholar dengan kata kunci yang relevan. Hasil penelitian terdahulu menunjukkan bahwa rimpang(rhizoma) seperti jahe (zingiber officinale), kunyit (curcuma longa), dan temulawak(curcuma zanthorrhiza) mempunyai efektivitas yang signifikan dalam pengobatan antidiabetes. Rimpang indonesia berpotensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi obat tradisional, dan obat antidiabetes.
Modern Urdu Fiction: Politics of Literacy and the Asphyxiation of Critical Thinking
Authors: Dr. MUHAMMAD SOHAIL IQBAL  , Rashid Dr. MUHAMMAD RASHID IQBAL
Published: December 2024

This study is a critical and textual analysis of Dr. Humera Ishfaq’s short story, Ibne Suqrat and Shahid Siddiqui’s novel Aadhay Adhoray Khab. The mentioned works have focused the vandalised education and deliberate aloofness of the political authorities in the third world countries. The teachers are the elevated platforms to offer the nations the stages where questions for awareness, vision and better life may be raised. It was for such enlightening questions that Aristotle, Socrates, Galileo, Giordano Bruno and Pythagoras had been made answerable by those powers who felt threatened because of education and enlightenment. It is because of Education and teachers that the individuals mature, societies improve and ultimately the nations progress. The anti-enlightenment forces, however, still try to resist education and the educationists because education removes that rust from the minds which frees the masses from blind traditionalism and confirmation. The current critical analysis, on one hand, elaborates the selected works and on the other hand; explores the prevailing causes of the collapse of education in the developing countries.
This article assesses the divisions and the relevant impressions of standard versus non-standard education systems. Education has the potential to enable and renovate societies, but its efficacy is liable to administrative policies. The responsibility lies with policy-makers to either elevate people through education or quash critical views by retaining imperfect education standards. This study also analyses how education policies shape societies, comparing approaches that prolong obsolete stereotypes.
Anwasi: An Affirmation of Death
Authors: DR.ABIDA NASEEM
Published: December 2024

There is a popular trend to present woman as a topic through novels. These novels presents different social behaviors towards woman’s role and value in a society. Sometimes the presentation of this topic shows reverse approach of the writers. In this context these novels reflects character assassination of a women through their approach. Anwasi is also a novel like this which addresses the role of a significant woman of the Punjab in 19th century. Characteristic study of this novel shows that writer has destroyed the character of sungri through his non constructive approach. This approach devalued the female character and she seemed like fake and unrealistic. This novel presents a spoiled perspective of this women. In this article the researcher tried to comprehend the approach of writer to assassinate the women character.
Letters of Allama Muhammad Iqbal to Ghulam Abbas Aram: Review of text, footnotes and key discussions
Authors: DR. TARIQ MAHMOOD  , DR. ALI BAYAT
Published: December 2024

One of Iqbal's correspondents was Ghulam  Abbas Aram who was serving in Bombay at that time. He was born in 1903 in Yazd. His father, Ali-Reza, a tea seller, was a preacher of the Baha'i sect. It is clear from Ghulam Abbas Aram's Makatib-e-Iqbal that he was a scholar who had a special interest in poetry, literature, Sufism and philosophy. The available letters of Allama Iqbal to Ghulam Abbas Aram are in English, four in number and their duration is very limited. No information is available about how the introduction between Iqbal and Aram came about. Ghulam Abbas Aram neither wrote any article nor any other writing about Allama Iqbal's thoughts and correspondence with him. In this way, there is no other sign except these letters in his remaining documents. However, Ghulam Abbas Aram made sure that he kept them safe in his personal documents. Later, a distinguished Iranian translator and researcher, Dr. Hussain Ali Nozri, translated these English letters into Persian and they appeared in the first issue of the former magazine of this institute, "Tarikh Maasari Iran" in 1997.
These letters are very helpful in understanding Iqbal's intellectual connection and preoccupation with Iran.
Technical Comparison of Selected Urdu Fonts
Authors: AHMAD ZAHOOR , DR. RAEES AHMED MUGHAL
Published: December 2024

This article is an effort of Technical Comparison of Selected Urdu Fonts. The purpose of the article is to identify computer fonts in Nastaliq script that meet traditional calligraphy technical standards. Five fonts have been studied in the context and yardstick of traditional Nastaliq Calligraphy. These are Pak Nastaliq, JameelNooriNastaliq, Faiz Lahori,Alqalam Taj Nastaliq and MehrNastaliq Web. All five fonts are analyzed against selected technical standards of traditional calligraphy of Nastaliq. The study concludes that Mehr Nastaliq Web is the best font among them, because it competes and completes the fluency, beauty and traditional calligraphically rules of Nastaliq. Kasheeda characters and compound characters are also added to it, that give natural look and feel of calligraphy.
Mythological and Fictional Color of Contemporary Urdu Poem of Baluchistan
Authors: BADER DR. QANDEEL
Published: December 2024

After the formation of language, the first link of human mind and civilization is the establishment of mythology. It would not be wrong if mythology is said to be the oldest form of literature in the world. Mythological style of expression is closely related to the genre of poem.
In Urdu poem, the mythological and fictional color was present in different forms from the beginning, which started to be more refined after 60s. In this period, a world of mythological symbols, religious and folk allusions got settled in the poem which expanded its scope of meanings.
The post 21st century poems have succeeded in creating a distinct identity due to their mythological atmosphere. Contemporary Baluchistan poetry has created a special way of creating new myths by grasping the atmosphere and linguistic system of mythology.
Mythology appears to be used in many forms in the poem of Baluchistan, either retelling of mythological stories through which many new meanings are created, or an event or character from an old myth with new features, is described. While in the third case, on the basis of different myths or by grasping the mythological atmosphere and language, new myth is fabricated. This third case is the most desirable for the current poem. In the tribal poetry of Baluchistan, all mythological elements and fictional style have been present with their full essence from the beginning. By adding all the characteristics of the present complex prospect to this essence, the leaven of contemporary Baluchistan Urdu poetry has been created. This paper is based on this specific study of poem.
PRELIMINARY RECORDS OF PERIPHYTON ALGAE IN ERUVBI STREAM, EDO STATE, NIGERIA.
Authors: OGBEBOR J.U. , KADIRI M.O.
Published: December 2024

This paper provides records of periphyton from Eruvbi stream in Edo State, Nigeria. Periphyton samples were scrapped from aquatic macrophytes, twigs, plant litter, wood, stones leaves, and roots of aquatic macrophytes, found in and around the streams’ bank and preserved in 4% unbuffered formalin.  Periphyton samples were examined microscopically using several taxonomic literatures. Results revealed a total of 67 periphyton taxa distributed within five divisions namely; Bacillariophyta (27), Chlorophyta (25), Euglenophyta, (8), Cyanophyta (5) and Rhodophyta (2). Most commonly occurring species were of the genera Navicula ≥ Oscillatoria > Ulothrix > Frustulia > Microspora > Spirogyra > Closterium.  However, of all taxa recorded, the desmid genus Closterium was by far the most diverse floristically with 10 species, accounting for 40% of the Chlorophyta assemblage and 15% of the total periphyton species assemblage. Periphyton algae records provided in this study are baseline data for future phycological assessments of Eruvbi stream.
Exu e o imaginário sociológico da cultura
Authors: Nascimento Ricardo Carvalho
Published: December 2024

Este artigo apresenta e problematiza algumas questões levantadas pela exposição Festa, baia, gira, cura, do antropólogo e artista Jean dos Anjos, em Fortaleza, junto ao Centro Cultural Dragão do Mar onde foi instalado um painel com a frase Exu te ama. A exposição foi objeto de debate social e político local e nacional, causando desconforto nos setores conservadores da sociedade, que questionaram o evento artístico e demandaram a retirada da frase. Com base nas proposições e efeitos sociais da exposição, o artigo traça uma reflexão sobre a pertinência de uma teoria anticolonial e nativa da cultura, na Sociologia, que considere os conceitos endógenos como possibilidade explicativa dos fenômenos, tomando Exu como artefato epistêmico de provocação do imaginário sociológico da cultura. O debate anticolonial, nos seus diferentes formatos, é mobilizado neste artigo como elemento crítico para pensar a Sociologia da Cultura no Sul global, tomando as epistemes anticoloniais como instrumento de um debate sociológico emergente e necessário no confronto com uma Sociologia global e local marcadamente eurocentrada.
О НЕКОТОРЫХ ОСОБЕННОСТЯХ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ РЕЖИМА ЗАПРЕЩЕНИЯ ЯДЕРНОГО ОРУЖИЯ
Authors: Гусейнов Камран , Есенбаев Дулат
Published: December 2024

В данной статье рассматриваются проблемы формирования глобального режима запрещения ядерного оружия как эволюционного продолжения режима нераспространения . Авторами проанализировано современное состояние режима нераспространения, рассмотрены ключевые вызовы, а также причины кризиса данного режима . В статье представлен компаративный анализ Договора о нераспространении ядерного оружия (ДНЯО) и Договора о запрещении ядерного оружия (ДЗЯО), рассмотрена эволюция идеи глобального ядерного разоружения . Используя методологию теории международных режимов, авторы определяют составные элементы глобального режима запрещения ядерного оружия . В статье дана оценка дальнейшим перспективам формирования режима ДЗЯО . Авторами сделана попытка критического осмысления норм и принципов формирующегося режима и их влияние на процесс глобального ядерного разоружения .
ON THE CURRENT GEOPOLITICAL SITUATION SURROUNDING THE KOREAN PENINSULA
Authors: Bakishev Dulat
Published: December 2024

This article deals with the geopolitical developments happening in the region and the world . The current war in Ukraine has direct implications for political processes in the Republic of Korea and the DPRK and the foreign policies of the two Korean states . The ongoing transformation in the current world order has a profound effect on Central Asian states as well . In this regard, it is important to follow and analyze the events on the Korean Peninsula, which have practical implications for the countries of the Central Asia region .
ФАКТОРЫ, ВЛИЯЮЩИЕ НА КАЧЕСТВО ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ КАЗАХСТАН
Authors: Искендирова Сауле , Бакирова Кульжахан , Саари Даниал
Published: December 2024

Данная статья является обзорной . С целью выявления факторов, влияющих на качество высшего образования нами проведен всесторонний анализ качества высшего образования в Республике Казахстан . Рассмотрены основные группы факторов, определяющих качество высшего образования: академические стандарты и аккредитация, курсы и программы обучения, трудоустройство выпускников и др . Ряд изученных факторов оказывают значительное влияние на его уровень, к таким факторам относятся профессиональная квалификация преподавателей, их активное участие в научных исследованиях, актуальность образовательных программ, соответствующих потребностям рынка труда и научных достижений . Кроме того, важно наличие современной инфраструктуры и технических ресурсов для эффективного обучения и научной работы в вузах Казахстана . Исследование влияния данных факторов позволит глубже понять основные стороны проблемы и разработать эффективные стратегии ее решения, адекватное финансирование и управление университетами, способствующее их развитию и повышению качества высшего образования в Казахстане. Выявлено и исследовано положительное влияние на качество образования международного сотрудничества и обмена опытом с ведущими зарубежными университетами . Проведен сравнительный анализ факторов, влияющих на качество образования в Республике Казахстан и мировом сообществе, выявлены общие тенденции, разнообразные подходы к оценке качества высшего образования, каждый из которых отражает уникальные исторические, культурные и политические контексты . Предложены рекомендации по улучшению качества высшего образования в Республике Казахстан на основе мирового опыта
POLITICAL AND EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF ALASH FIGURES IN 1920-1930
Authors: Sheriyazdanov Baurzhan , Kalenova Tengesh , Assylgozhina Raziya , Ospanova Assem
Published: December 2024

This article highlights the Alash intelligence's political and educational efforts between 1920 and 1930 .The article investigates the current role of Kazakhstan's national intelligence in education and science .The writers examine the impact of political and social developments on the activities of the Alash intelligence, as well as their involvement in educational reform and scientific research .Special attention is paid to the initiatives and achievements of Alash movement figures, including well-known activists, and Kazakh women scientists, their contribution to the formation of national culture and society during this period .As a result of the study, conclusions are drawn about the importance of intelligence as a driving force in the development of education and science in Kazakhstan at the beginning of the twentieth century .Keywords:Kazakhstan, Alash, intelligence, Education, Science, Reform, University, State, Politics, History, party, civil society.ISRTI: 03.203POLITICAL AND EDUCATIONAL
ЖАМБЫЛ ОБЛЫСЫНЫҢ ӨҢІРЛІК ДАМУЫ ЖӘНЕ ШЕТЕЛДЕРМЕН ӘРІПТЕСТІК БАЙЛАНЫСТАРЫНЫҢ ТАРИХЫ (1991-2021 жж.)
Authors: Еңсенов Қанат , Пұсырманов Нұрбек , Кульбаева Асем
Published: December 2024

Бұл мақалада Қазақстан Республикасы тәуелсіздік алғаннан кейінгі уақытта 1991-2021 жылдар аралығында жақын және алыс шетелдермен қарым-қатынастар орнатуы, саяси, әлеуметтік-экономикалық және мәдени әріптестік байланыстары тарихи-саяси аспектіде қарастырылған. Соның ішінде жекелеген облыстар да аймақтық сыртқы саясатта шетелдермен қарым-қатынастар жасауы жеке зерттеу нысаны етіп алынған. Атап айтсақ, Жамбыл облысының өңірлік дамуына назар аударсақ, облыс әкімшілігі Қазақстан Республикасының Президенті және Қазақстан Республикасының Үкіметімен келісе отырып, шетелдермен әріптестік байланыстар орнатып, агроөнеркәсіп, тау-кен ісі, химия өнеркәсібі, фосфор, алтын өндіру, уран өндіру және тағы басқа салалар бойынша инвестициялық жобаларды жүзеге асырғандығы байқалады. Осындай Жамбыл облысының өңірік дамуын зерделеу үшін тарихнамалық әдебиеттерден Шетелдік және Отандық авторлардың еңбектеріне талдау жасалып, архив материалдары ғылыми айналымға тартылды.
PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN CIVIL SERVICE: EXPERIENCES FROM EURASIAN UNION COUNTRIES
Authors: Amirova Aigerim , Bokayev Baurzhan , Davletbayeva Zhuldyz
Published: December 2024

According to the International Project Management Association (IPMA), the widespread use of modern project management technologies can save approximately 20-30% of time and about 15-20% of budget funds [1]. Global challenges, world trends, and internal demands compel governments to study and adopt each other's experiences, considering national characteristics. Migration processes and the outflow of professional personnel contribute to competition between neighboring countries, which strive to offer better and more flexible working conditions to attract talent. Project management tools and methodologies are valuable resources for enhancing the efficiency of civil servants. These tools help in planning, monitoring, and controlling projects to meet objectives within time, cost, and quality parameters [2].However, the civil service today remains quite bureaucratic in this respect. Project management is primarily used to implement national projects, and professionals are often contracted only to address urgent and complex problems. There is frequently a lack of knowledge transfer and preservation of institutional memory. Moreover, hiring highly paid specialists on a continual basis contradicts the project management principle of budget discipline.Public sector projects often face unique challenges such as bureaucratic hurdles, corruption, and complex stakeholder management. Effective project management can help mitigate these issues by ensuring transparency, accountability, and efficient use of resources [3, 4]. However, modern scientific research in this area often highlights several obstacles to the effective implementation of the project approach within executive authorities. In international studies, the importance of thorough planning, a clear understanding of the process matrix, and the involvement of stakeholders in project management is emphasized [5]. This, in turn, is closely linked to personnel issues [6]. The challenges of implementing project management in government agencies stem from bureaucratic regulations, insufficient flexibility, and resistance to change from specialists. Therefore, this topic is of significant interest for its potential impact on our country. Project management in the public administration system has been understudied in the post-Soviet space. Since 2016-2017, there has been an increase in publications on project management in these countries, although contract service remains an insufficiently explored issue. The relevance, novelty, and practical significance of this topic have underscored the necessity of conducting this study.
ҚАЗАҚСТАНДАҒЫ ЖАСӨСПІРІМДЕР АРАСЫНДАҒЫ
СУБЪЕКТИВТІ ӘЛ-АУҚАТ ЖӘНЕ ИНТЕРНЕТКЕ
ДЕГЕН КӨЗҚАРАС
Authors: Жаманбалаева Шолпан , Тленчиева Шырын , Молдағалиева Айжан
Published: December 2024

Мақалада интернетті пайдаланудың Қазақстанның
жасөспірімдерінің субъективті әл-ауқатына әсері қарастырылады. Бұл
мәселе аз зерттелген тақырып болып табылады, ал бұл әлеуметтік топтың
жасы ерекше қажеттіліктер мен құқықтармен сипатталатын бірегей
кезеңді білдіреді. Мақалада интернетке тәуелділік деңгейі мен субъективті
әл-ауқат деңгейі арасындағы корреляцияны бағалайтын зерттеуге басты
назар аударылады, бұл зерттеу Қазақстанда интернетті пайдалану мен
субъективті әл-ауқат арасындағы байланысты терең талдаудың алғашқы
тәжірибесі болып табылады.
Бұл зерттеуде пайдаланылған деректер 2021 жылы жүргізілген
әлеуметтанулық сауалнаманың нәтижелеріне негізделген. Сауалнама
онлайн форматта Google Forms арқылы өткізілді, және оған Қазақстанның
барлық аймақтарынан 3321 жасөспірім қатысты.
Интернетте әрекет ету мен субъективті әл-ауқат арасындағы байланыстың
күрделі сипаты анықталды. Интернетте өткізілетін артық уақыт әл-ауқат
деңгейін біршама төмендетуі мүмкін, ал виртуалды тәжірибенің сипаты
кейбір адамдар үшін өмірге деген қанағаттанушылықты арттыруы мүмкін.
Identity Aspects in Electronic Music from the Republic of Moldova as Reflected in the Works of Composer Mihail Afanasiev
Authors: Barbas Valeria
Published: December 2024

In an environment, in which homogenizing tendencies can threaten cultural diversity, composer Mihail Afanasiev’s contribution represents a bold affirmation of identity within the sphere of electronic music in the local context. M. Afanasiev explores and redefines identity through digital means and sophisticated technological processes, and applies them as compositional techniques to create a musical fabric connected to a geographically defined space. Afanasiev is an innovator in the world of electronic music in the Republic of Moldova and a pioneer who has transformed his technical experience into authentic artistic expression. In his sonic investigations, Afanasiev invents new technologies for “musical radiography” of specific spaces and generates new sound resources. His work “Relief ” (of the Republic of Moldova) is a reflection of these pioneering explorations in the field of electronic composition. Through his innovation, he emphasizes the importance of bringing to light distinct elements and their connection to the global soundscape, thus making a significant contribution to the academic electronic musicscape.
The theater of small forms: typologies and paradigms
Authors: Ghilas Ana
Published: December 2024

The varied forms of theatrical performances at the current stage require new approaches to stage-receiver communication. “Theatre of small forms”, “minimalist theatre”, “short theatre”, “small stage” are some aesthetic notions used in the case of treating a certain type of dramaturgical and theatrical discourse, a problem that is the object of research in this article. The purpose of the investigation lies in the diachronic revelation of such forms of artistic expression by examining the role of social and scientific contextuality in the assertion of theatrical aesthetic paradigms in different historical periods. The objectives of the research are summarized in the elucidation of the diversity of small forms in dramaturgy, performance, the specification of some terminological aspects regarding the respective artistic phenomena, the highlighting of typologies and the valorization of these forms in an evolutionary perspective. The terminological paradigms highlight, to a certain extent, the similarities and differences between the big stage and the small stage at the level of the theatricality of the discourse, especially the theatricality of the actor in the show.
Aesthetic coordinates and identity valences in media culture
Authors: Olarescu Dumitru
Published: December 2024

In the present article, we will undertake an analytical and hermeneutic research on three monographic studies signed by researcher Alexandru Bohanţov (Lupaşcu-Bohanţov) – Television genres and formats (2013), Television theatre, between the modern canon and the postmodern format (2019) and The metamorphoses of identity in the media culture of the Republic of Moldova (2023) – a trilogy, between the constituents of which, there are basically certain connections of a conceptual nature, but also some structural and thematic correspondences. Thus, in the first work, the author analyzes the notional and pragmatic ambiguities of an operational tandem in current media communication – “genre and format”, frequently used in audiovisual media. The stated subjects acquire exemplary discursive materialization in the second work, devoted entirely to the poetics of theater and television film. Finally, the work Metamorphoses of identity in media culture constitutes a monographic synthesis in which by combining various research paradigms - the artifacts of media culture in the Republic of Moldova are subjected to a complex analysis from a diachronic perspective.
The image of the well in the films inspired by Ion Creangă’s works
Authors: Tipa Violeta
Published: December 2024

The well is the indispensable element of community life, because water is the symbol of life. Obviously, the well/the spring has entered into popular traditions and customs starting with the ritual of its construction to the multitude of its meanings. The well is designated as a significant meeting and parting place, a center of regeneration. Over the centuries, the image of the well has acquired a poly-functional character being used and immortalized in all genres of popular and professional art, including in films. In Moldovan filmography, we find the various meanings/motifs of water in both documentary and fiction films. We will refer to the motif of the image of the well in the fairy-tale films, in particular, those inspired by the works of Ion Creangă, such as: De-ași fi... Harap Alb/If I were Harap Alb… (1965), Maria Mirabela (1981) and Rămășagul /The bet (1986) - all directed by Ion Popescu-Gopo; Se caută un paznic/ A guard is wanted (1965) based on the screenplay by Vlad Ioviță and directed by Gheorghe Vodă etc.