bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Time Dependent Retarded Electromagnetic Motors
Authors: Yahalom Asher
Published: July 2024

We have shown that Newton’s third law does not strictly hold in a system with remote elements, due the finite speed of signal propagation and thus force imbalance occurs at the system’s center of mass. As the said system is affected by a total force for a finite duration, mechanical energy and momentums are gained by the system. In early works we assumed that the bodies were macroscopically charge neutral. Later we removed this restriction, thus analyzing the consequences on a possible electric charged relativistic motor. On the first published paper on this subject we studied this phenomena in general but gave only an example of a system reaching a stationary state, in this paper we shall analyze a charged retarded electromagnetic motor in a more general time dependent setting giving specific examples in which the system never reaches a stationary state yet produces steady linear momentum non the less.
Lack of Integration of Research into Clinical Practice: A Qualitative Study of Clinical Academics’ Challenges in the Workplace Environment
Authors: Jensen Janet Froulund , Jensen Cecilie Froulund , Pedersen Malene Roland Vils , Leth-Larsen Rikke , Christensen Marit , Høgsgaard Ditte
Published: July 2024

Clinical academics experience dual workplaces; the clinical and the research environment. However, working in two workplaces leads to difficulty in forming an integrated identity, and hence affects a person’s work environment and well-being. The aim was to explore how clinical academics experience the psychosocial work environment and their suggestions for improving and changing work well-being.
A multicenter qualitative approach with group interviews inspired by participatory action de-sign was used. A purposeful criterion sampling strategy was used, selecting researchers affiliat-ed with the university's research network (n=12). Data were analyzed by thematic analysis and the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research was applied. The main finding “lack of integration of research in clinical practice”, revealed how clinical academics balanced between the two practices, how their need for belonging in both work environments were established by fellowship, and how motivational factors and role models could be enhanced through a joint commitment of responsibility in research units and clinical practice.
This study provides a contemporary understanding of the challenges that clinical academics en-counter and what solutions they would offer. This study adds to knowledge on psychological work well-being and provides solutions on how clinical academics can achieve integration of research in clinical practice.
Intelligent Indoor Layout Design Based on Interactive Genetic and Differential Evolution Algorithms
Authors: Li Shicheng , Chen Shufang , Zheng Zhonghui
Published: July 2024

As the real estate industry expands with time, the personalized needs of users for indoor space layouts have become increasingly complex. Traditional indoor space layout design methods can no longer meet the needs of large market groups because of their complex steps and low levels of specialization. Therefore, this study first analyzes the problematic factors in indoor space layout design. Second, an interactive genetic algorithm is introduced to solve the multifactor optimal selection problem; the process is optimized and improved using a differential evolution algorithm. A comprehensive spatial layout model combining interactive genetic and differential evolution algorithms is proposed. The experimental results show that the model performs best with uniform variation, and its average number of iterations to find the optimal individual is 57. In addition, compared with similar layout models, the proposed model achieved the highest space utilization value of 79%, which is approximately 19% higher than that for the stacking layout model; it also required the shortest time, that is, 15 min. In summary, the proposed model provides a new intelligent method for indoor layout design, which is expected to improve the satisfaction of designers and users.
An Improved Parallel Clustering Method Based on K-Means for Electricity Consumption Patterns
Authors: Yang Yuehua , Wu Yun
Published: July 2024

Electricity consumption pattern recognition is the foundation of intelligent electricity distribution data analysis. However, as the scale of electricity consumption data increases, traditional clustering analysis methods encounter bottlenecks such as low computation speed and processing efficiency. To meet the efficient mining needs of massive electricity consumption data, in this paper a parallel processing method of the density-based k-means clustering is presented. First, an initial cluster center selection method based on data sample density is proposed to avoid inaccurate initial cluster center point selection, leading to clustering falling into local optima. The dispersion degree of the data samples within the cluster is also used as an important reference for determining the number of clusters. Subsequently, parallelization of density calculation and clustering for data samples were achieved based on the MapReduce model. Through experiments conducted on Hadoop clusters, it has been shown that the proposed parallel processing method is efficient and feasible, and can provide favorable support for intelligent power allocation decisions.
Policy Selection and Scheduling of Cyber-Physical Systems with Denial-of-Service Attacks via Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Jin Zengwang , Li Qian , Zhang Huixiang , Liu Zhiqiang , Wang Zhen
Published: July 2024

This paper focuses on policy selection and scheduling of sensors and attackers in cyber-physical systems (CPSs) with multiple sensors under denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. DoS attacks have caused enormous disruption to the regular operation of CPSs, and it is necessary to assess this damage. The state estimation of the CPSs plays a vital role in providing real-time information about their operational status and ensuring accurate prediction and assessment of their security. For a multi-sensor CPS, this paper is different from utilizing robust control methods to characterize the state of the system against DoS attacks, but rather positively analyzes the optimal policy selection of the sensors and the attackers through dynamic programming ideology. To optimize the strategies of both sides, game theory is employed as a means to study the dynamic interaction that occurs between the sensors and the attackers. During the policy iterative optimization process, the sensors and attackers dynamically learn and adjust strategies by incorporating reinforcement learning. In order to explore more state information, the restriction on the set of states is relaxed, i.e., the transfer of states is not limited compulsorily. Meanwhile, the complexity of the proposed algorithm is decreased by introducing a penalty in the reward function. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively optimize policy selection and scheduling for CPSs with multiple sensors.
Improved Pure Pursuit Algorithm Based Path Tracking Method for Autonomous Vehicle
Authors: Wang Meng , Lv Xue , Chen Juexuan , Su Xiaocong
Published: July 2024

Pure pursuit algorithm is commonly used in path tracking control of autonomous vehicle for its high real-time performance. Due to the problem of “taking shortcuts,” traditional pure pursuit algorithms usually have the problem of low path tracking accuracy in curved road scenarios. To address the issue, a path tracking control method based on improved pure pursuit algorithm is proposed. This method builds upon traditional pure pursuit theory and dynamically adjusts the look-ahead distance based on vehicle speed and road curvature radius information, allowing it to adapt to different road scenarios. This effectively addresses the problem of large path tracking errors in curved road scenarios. Furthermore, a fuzzy feedback control is employed to compensate for control variable and enhance tracking accuracy across various scenarios. Simulations and real-world experiments demonstrate that the proposed method significantly improves path tracking accuracy compared to traditional pure pursuit methods, particularly in curved road scenarios. The maximum lateral deviation is reduced by over 50%, realizing the precise tracking of autonomous vehicle on the park roads.
Quantification of Radiation Exposure in Canadian Orthopaedic Surgery Residents
Authors:   Calgary Orthopaedic Resident Research Group
Published: July 2024

Introduction:

Natural radiation exposure in the general population averages 3 milliSieverts (mSv) annually; however, radiation exposure in orthopaedic residents is not well defined. Despite protective measures, evidence of radiation-related diseases in orthopaedic surgeons is increasing. The purpose of this study was to quantify radiation exposure in orthopaedic residents and to determine the variability of exposure among post graduate year (PGY) of residency.

Methods:

Monthly radiation exposure was measured prospectively over a 12-month period in orthopaedic surgery residents from a single program. Participants wore dosimeters above (“exposed”) and beneath (“shielded”) protective lead. The primary outcome measure was the absolute value of radiation exposure in mSv. Repeated measures analysis was used to assess exposure with age, sex, year of training, operating room (OR) days, and height.

Results:

Mean annual occupational radiation exposure was 3.30 ± 0.64 mSv over an average of 107 ± 38 OR days. Mean exposure per OR day was 0.033 ± 0.008 mSv. PGY-2 and PGY-3 residents had the highest cumulative exposure, and PGY-5 residents had the highest mean exposure per OR day (0.044 ± 0.009 mSv/d). Number of OR days per month and PGY level were significant predictors of radiation exposure (p < 0.05). Sex, age, and height were not significant in predicting radiation of the exposed dosimeter.

Conclusions:

Orthopaedic residents' exposure to radiation is nearly twice the general population's exposure. Given that yearly radiation exposure was highest during early residency years, but exposure based on number of OR days was highest in the final year of training, it is essential for resident education regarding radiation safety and safe clinical practices throughout their training.
Current Procedural Terminology Code Selection, Attitudes, and Practices of the Orthopaedic Surgery Resident Case Log
Authors: Dulas Matthew , Utset-Ward Thomas J. , Strelzow Jason A. , Balach Tessa ,   and COERG
Published: July 2024

Introduction:

The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Resident Case Log is one of the primary tools used to track surgical experience. Owing to the self-reported nature of case logging, there is uncertainty in the consistency and accuracy of case logging. The aims of this study are two-fold: to assess current resident case log Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code selection and practices across orthopaedic surgery residencies and to understand current attitudes of both program directors (PD) and residents surrounding case logging.

Methods:

Residents and PDs from 18 residency programs received standardized, consensus-built surveys distributed through the Collaborative Orthopaedic Educational Research Group. Resident surveys additionally contained clinical orthopaedic subspecialties vignettes on sports, trauma, and spine. Each subspecialty section contained 4 clinical vignettes with stepwise increases in complexity/CPT coding procedures.

Results:

One hundred sixteen residents (response rate: 28.4%) and 16 PDs (response rate: 88.9%) participated. Formal case log training was reported by 53.0% of residents and 56.3% of PDs. A total of 7.8% of residents rated themselves “excellent” at applying CPT codes for the case log, while 0.0% PDs rated their residents' ability as “excellent.” In total, 40.9% of residents and 81.3% of PDs responded that it was “extremely important” or “very important” to code accurately (p = 0.006). Agreement between resident CPT code selection and number of cases and procedures logged for each clinical vignette was conducted using Fleiss' kappa. As the clinical vignettes increased in complexity, there was a decreasing trend in kappa values from the first (least complex) to the last (most complex) clinical vignette.

Conclusions:

The inconsistent case logging practices, dubious outlook on case log accuracy and resident case logging ability and attitude, and lack of formal training signals a need for formal, standardized case log training. Enhanced case logging instruction and formalized educational training for PDs and residents would be a meaningful step toward capturing true operative experience, which would have a substantial impact on orthopaedic surgery resident education and assessment.
Calculating the Radii of the Even-Even Nickel Isotopes
Authors: Ibrahim Safa Mohsin , Rhaiem Abdallah Ben , Ebrahiem Sameera Ahmed
Published: July 2024

ركز البحث الحالي على دراسة اشكال النوى زوجية-زوجية لنظائر النيكل والتي لها اعداد كتلية اقل من 100 حيث تم دراسة معاملات التشوه  والمشتقة من احتمالية الانتقال الكهربائي B(E2) وكذلك معاملات التشوه  المشتقة من العزم الكهربائي رباعي القطب Q0 وتم دراسة متوسط مربع نصف القطر  بالاضافة الى المحاور الصغرى والكبرى (a,b) والفرق بينهما باستخدام معادلات نموذج القشرة المشوهة حيث تم ملاحظة الاختلاف في اشكال النوى لنظائر النيكل من خلال رسم اشكال ثلاثية وثنائية الابعاد ومن خلال النتائج التي تم الحصول عليها لوحظ ان النظائر الاكثر تشوها وميلا لعدم الاستقرار واتخاذ الشكل الاهليليجي هي النظائر ذات الاعداد النيترونات والبروتونات البعيدة عن الاعداد السحرية وكذلك تم مقارنة النتائج التي تم الحصول عليها مع النتائج النظرية من المصدر (SSANM) حيث لوحظ انها مقاربة لها نوعا ما.
Colorimetric Determination of Cyanocobalamin ‎ (VitaminB12) by indirect method with Ferrous ion and 1,10 phenanthroline
Authors: Abdel Moneim Yassin ‏‎‏ Suhad , F Alsamarrai Khalaf
Published: July 2024

تم تقدير CyanoCobalamin (فيتامين ب 12) باستخدام طريقة  لونية بسيطة وموثوقة ومعقولة التكلفة. وفقًا لهذه الطريقة ، يتم استخدام زيادة من كبريتات الحديدوز (FeSO4.7H2O ، أو FS) لاختزال فيتامين B12 ، ويتفاعل FS الزائد مع الكاشف 1،10-فينانثرولين لتكوين مركب أحمر قابل للذوبان في الماء. كان الطول الموجي الأعظم للطيف لهذا المركب هو 510 نانومتر وكان مدى خطية التركيز (5-100 ميكروجرام / مل) وكانت قيم %RSD   خلال اليوم الواحد 0.107-0.259% و 1.085-0.1378٪ بين يوم و اخر، في حين تراوحت قيم %Rec من 95 إلى 100.833%. كانت قيم LOD و LOQ على التوالي 0.016 ميكروغرام / مل و 0.053 ميكروغرام / مل. تم استخدام الطريقة لتقدير فيتامين ب 12 في المستحضرات الطبية بنجاح
Endothelin-1 Gene Polymorphism with Interleukin-1β Expression in Infertile Iraqi Women under In Vitro Fertilization Program
Authors: Abdulkareem Zainab Jalil , M. Salih Almohaidi Asmaa
Published: July 2024

تقبل بطانة الرحم هي المرحلة المحددة لنجاح العلاج ببرنامج أطفال الانابيب، يتم تنظيم غزو خلايا الأرومة الغاذية البشرية لبطانة الرحم من خلال العديد من العوامل مثل EDN1 و IL-1β. تهدف هذه الدراسة الى التحقق من العلاقة بين تعدد الاشكال والتعبير الجيني لجينات EDN1 و IL-1β وانغراس الجنين في النساء المصابات بالعقم الخاضعات لبرنامج الاخصاب خارج الرحم. تم جمع عينات الدم المحيطي في يوم الارجاع بعد ساعة من ارجاع الجنين. بعد اخذ الموافقة من 60 امرأة وتم تقسيمها الى مجموعتين وفقا لنتيجة انغراس الجنين، مجموعة فشل لديهن الانغراس شملت 35 امرأة، ومجوعة نجح لديهن الانغراس شملت 25 امرأة. كشفت نتائج تتابع تسلسل الحمض النووي عن وجود تغايرين وراثيين في جين EDN1، rs2070699 لم يظهر أي ارتباط بنتيجة انغراس الجنين في النساء المصابات بالعقم وفقا لاحتمالية فيشر، واظهر تواترا عاليا في مجموعتي الدراسة للطرز الوراثية GG و TT مقارنة بالطراز الوراثي GT. ويظهر التغاير No.7196T>G على الإكسون الثاني ان الطراز الوراثي TT كان الأعلى تكرارا في مجموعة النجاح، بينما الطراز الوراثي TG هو الأعلى تكرارا في مجموعة الفشل. نتائج التعبير الجيني لجين EDN1 و IL-1β لم تظهر أي اختلاف معنوي بين مجموعتي الدراسة، واظهر الارتباط بين EDN1 و IL-1β علاقة إيجابية معنوية. نستنتج، ان التغايرات الوراثية rs2070699 و No.7196T>G ليس لها تأثير على مستوى التعبير الجيني عند النساء المصابات بالعقم الخاضعات لبرنامج أطفال الانابيب. التعبير الجيني لجين EDN1 و IL-1β يمتلكان علاقة إيجابية مهمة في المرحلة الأصفرية وكلاهما يزداد التعبير عنه في النساء اللواتي لديهن انغراس جنيني ناجح.
Integrated System of Swarm Intelligence and Neural Network for Molecular Similarity Detection
Authors: Sami Fadia , KOYUNCU Hakan
Published: July 2024

التشابه الجزيئي مفهوم واسع وله تشعبات عديدة عبر العديد من الجوانب الكيميائية حيث ان الفكرة السائدة كيمائياً بان الجزيئات متشابه المظهر لها خصاص متشابهة في التأثير. ولهذا السبب، فإن تقنيات حساب التشابه الجزيئي لها فوائد متنوعة في صناعة المستحضرات الصيدلانية، كما هو الحال في سياق اتصالات الهيكل والنشاط للجزيئات. ان الهدف من التشابه الجزيئي هو تحديد جزيئات العينة التي تشبه الجزيء المستهدف بعد تحريكها وتدويرها بطرق الذكاء الاصطناعي. يعد ذكاء السرب والشبكات العصبية جزء من الذكاء الاصطناعي اللتان تم استخدامهما على نطاق واسع في مجموعة متنوعة من التطبيقات الكيميائية. في هذا البحث تم استخدام نظام هجين من ذكاء السرب حيث تم الدمج بين سلوكيات النمل الابيض وطائر العقاب للعثور على جزيء العينة الأكثر تشابهًا في مجموعة البيانات وفقًا لجزيء مستهدف واحد. ان الطرق العديدة للتحقق من دقة التشابه تعتبر طرق نسبية وبذلك قد تم استخدام طريقة تقليدية للتحقق من دقة النتائج وقد حصلنا على نسبة 70.58% ولكن بعد استخدام الشبكات العصبة قد ازدادت الدقة الى 90%. تم استخدام لوح شبكي ثلاثي الابعاد لا يجاد العلاقة الكمية بين جزيئات العينة مقارنة بالجزيء المستهدف حيث تم تطبيق معادلة المسافة الاقليدية والمانهاتن للحصول التشابه والاختلاف فيما بينهم.
Investigating the Role of Some Biomarkers in Assessing the Proposed Air Pollution Effects in Selected Areas in Erbil Governorate
Authors: Mohammedamin Jamal Kamal , Shekha Yahya Ahmed
Published: July 2024

يهدف الدراسة الحالية الى تقييم المستويات هيدروكسي برولين البولي ، ومالونديالديهايد البولي ، والكرياتينين البولي  والألبومين البولي كمؤشرات حيوية محتملة لتلوث الهواء في موقعين متميزين: الموقع 1  المنطقة الصناعية والموقع 2 المنطقة الغير الصناعية ، أيضًا تم قياس نسبة الألبومين إلى الكرياتينين (UACR) في البول وذلك لمزيد من التحري في تأثيرات تلوث الهواء. تم استخدام تصميم مقطعي في هذه الدراسة بمجموع  تسعين مشاركًا. في الموقع 1  كان هناك 56 مشاركًا يشمل 42 بالغًا و 14 طفلاً ، والتي بلغت حوالي 11.2% من إجمالي السكان. وفي الوقت نفسه في الموقع 2 كان هناك 34   مشاركًا يشمل 23 بالغًا و 11 طفلاً، يمثلون حوالي 11.3٪ من السكان. أشارت نتائج هذه الدراسة إلى أن تراكيز الهيدروكسي برولين و المالونديالدهيد كانت أعلى بشكل ملحوظ في الموقع 1 لكل من البالغين والأطفال مقارنة بالموقع 2. وهذا يشير إلى أن هذه المؤشرات الحيوية أكثر حساسية للتلوث الهواء في المناطق الصناعية. ومن جهة أخرى وجد أن تراكيز الكرياتينين والألبومين أعلى في الموقع 1  مقارنتا بالموقع 2 لكل من البالغين والأطفال على الرغم من عدم وجود فروقات الاحصائية. تم قياس قيم UACR في الموقع 1 والموقع 2 بالنسبة للبالغين ، كانت قيم UACR 10.093 و 8.870 mg/gعلى التوالي ، بينما للأطفال كانت 11.061 و 9.882 mg/g على التوالي. كانت جميع القيم ضمن المدى الطبيعي ، مما يشير إلى أن تلوث الهواء لم يؤثر بشكل كبير على وظائف الكلى في السكان المدروسة. يمكن أن تشير مستويات الهيدروكسي برولين المرتفعة إلى تغيرات في أيض الكولاجين، والتي يمكن ربطها بتلف الأنسجة الناجم عن تلوث الهواء. تشير زيادة مستويات المالونديالدهيد إلى زيادة الإجهاد التأكسدي وتدهور المكونات الخلوية، مما يعني تأثير تلوث الهواء على تراكيب الدهنية. يعد ارتفاع مستويات الألبومين في البول علامة حساسة لإصابة الكلى أو خلل وظيفي ناتج عن التعرض لتلوث الهواء، دلالة على الآثار السلبية على وظائف الكلى.
Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Siswa Menggunakan Model Discovery Learning Berbantuan Simulasi PhET pada Topik Usaha, Energi dan Pesawat Sederhana
Authors: Widyastuti Indri , Nanang Winarno  , Emiliannur Emiliannur , Wahyuningsih Yuyun
Published: July 2024

Di bidang pendidikan, “Revolusi Industri 4.0” mengacu pada pemanfaatan teknologi untuk menghadirkan situasi kompleks kepada siswa yang akan meningkatkan minat belajar mereka dalam  mengembangkan pemikiran kritis dan keterampilan pemecahan masalah mereka. Pemanfaatan teknologi dalam kurikulum IPA hendaknya dirancang sesuai model pembelajaran yang telah ditetapkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penerapan model discovery learning berbantuan simulasi PhET pada materi usaha, energi dan pesawat sederhana dalam meningkatkan minat belajar siswa. Kelas eksperimen menggunakan model discovery learning berbantuan simulasi Phet sedangkan kelas kontrol menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional. Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasi experiment dengan desain penelitian nonequivalent pretest dan posttest only control group design. Penelitian ini melibatkan 30 siswa kelas 8 untuk kelas eksperimen dan 31 siswa kelas 8 untuk kelas kontrol dari salah satu sekolah di Bandung, Indonesia. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa angket minat belajar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol pada minat belajar siswa. Dalam hal peningkatan, N-Gain kelas eksperimen untuk minat belajar berada pada angka 0,342 yang menunjukkan peningkatan yang medium. Sedangkan N-gain kelas kontrol adalah 0,089 yang merupakan peningkatan yang rendah. Hal ini juga dibuktikan dengan diterimanya Ha yang berarti terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan pembelajaran usaha, energi dan pesawat sederhana menggunakan model discovery learning berbantuan simulasi PhET terhadap minat belajar siswa. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, model discovery learning berbantuan simulasi PhET dapat menjadi alternatif model pembelajaran dalam meningkatkan minat belajar siswa.
Pengembangan Gambar Ilustratif Naturalis Berbasis Literasi Sains untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Analitis
Authors: Nafidhotur Rofingah  , Fadly Wirawan
Published: July 2024

Berdasarkan hasil preliminary study minat baca siswa terhadap materi pembelajaran cenderung masih rendah karena sumber materi pembelajaran kurang beragam. Guru hanya menggunakan materi pembelajaran terutama berupa contoh gambar pada LKS siswa, sehingga pemahaman teori siswa kurang menarik. Berdasarkan pernyataan tersebut, peneliti menggunakan media gambar ilustratif naturalis dalam proses pembelajaran pada tema Tumbuhan Angyospermae untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir analitis peserta didik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas pembelajaran berbasis literasi sains dengan media gambar ilustratif naturalis untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir analitis. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dan pengembangan R&D (Research and Development) untuk menghasilkan produk tertentu dan menguji efektivitas produk. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian keterlaksanaan dalam penggunaan media ini diperoleh presentase rata-rata 87 % dari kelompok 2 dalam kriteria sangat baik dengan menggunakan indikator kemampuan berpikir analitis yaitu membedakan, mengorganisasi, dan menghubungkan. Dapat disimpulkan dari penelitian bahwa Penggunaan Gambar Ilustratif Naturalis sebagai media belajar dapat membantu para pendidik untuk mengarahkan peserta didik menemukan suatu konsep melalui aktifitas dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.
Pemahaman Siswa Terhadap Keyakinan Epistemik dan Implementasi Pada Materi Bencana Alam Berbasis Socio-Scientific Issue
Authors: Safitri Eka , Fadly Wirawan
Published: July 2024

Indonesia termasuk salah satu negara berkembang dengan mutu Sumber Daya Manusia dan kualitas pendidikan yang tergolong rendah. Menurut PISA 2022, literasi sainsnya kurang yang mengakibatkan pelajar Indonesia berada di peringkat 64 dari 81 negara. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pemahaman siswa terhadap keyakinan epistemik dan Implementasi pada pembelajaran IPA berbasis socio-scientific issue. Penelitian ini menggunaakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Populasi penelitian ini menggunakan 10 sampel random sampling yaitu siswa kelas VIII SMP/MTs  di kecamatan Pulung. Proses pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, tes dan survey angket secara langsung.   Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa SMP/MTs di Pulung memiliki persentase keyakinan epistemik pada empat dimensi yaitu 65% kepastian, 75% kesederhanaan, 60% sumber pengetahuan dan 75% justifikasi. Berdasarkan tiga indikator seperti mengeksplorasi, menganalisis, dan mengaplikasikan konsep sains siswa memiliki nilai diantara 42%-92% dengan rata-rata sebesar 72%. Apabila dilihat dari hasil kedua analisis, perolehan data menunjukkan bahwa siswa memiliki keyakinan epistemik pada tingkat sedang. Pada analisis data yang ketiga, penelitian ini telah menganalisis kata kunci berbentuk treemap dan diperoleh hasil bahwa terdapat 11 item kata kunci dengan warna yang berbeda dan bentuk yang berbeda, semakin kecil bentuk maka kuantitas data akan semakin kecil. Analisis data yang terakhir yaitu menentukan faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat keyakinan epistemik siswa diabad 21 yaitu faktor internal (motivasi diri, kesiapan belajar) dan faktor eksternal (sarana prasarana, lingkungan belajar, kurikulum belajar, guru, metode belajar, media belajar dan literasi sains). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian keyakinan epistemik siswa masih dalam tingkat sedang sehingga untuk ditingkatkan kembali.
The Intrinsic Value of Honesty
Authors: Caruso Isabelle , Mlynski Christopher , Clay Georgia , Goschke Thomas , Korb Franziska , Job Veronika
Published: July 2024

Societal narratives suggest that cheating for one’s benefit in a situation where it goes unnoticed is common. One reason is that resisting cheating and being honest implies extrinsic costs and is inherently aversive. Here we challenge this view, showing that honesty is frequent, immediately rewarding, and buffers the negative affective consequences resulting from missing extrinsic reward. In two studies we found that foregoing a reward in favor of being honest, compared to when cheating was impossible, was associated with higher activity in a network of reward-related brain regions (Study 1, n = 65) and a weaker negative impact on mood (Study 2, n = 2’005). These results show that beyond the moral imperative, there is an immediate intrinsic reward associated with honesty.
Potential for bias in (sero)prevalence estimates when not accounting for test sensitivity and specificity: a systematic review
Authors: Haile Sarah R , Kronthaler David
Published: July 2024

Objectives
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to many studies of seroprevalence. A number of methods exist in the statistical literature to correctly estimate disease prevalence or seroprevalence in the presence of diagnostic test misclassification, but these methods seem to be less known and not routinely used in the public health literature. We aimed to examine how widespread the problem is in recent publications, and to quantify the magnitude of bias introduced when correct methods are not used.
Design:
A systematic review was performed to estimate how often public health researchers accounted for diagnostic test performance in estimates of seroprevalence. Using straightforward calculations, we estimated the amount of bias introduced when reporting the proportion of positive test results instead of using sensitivity and specificity to estimate disease prevalence.
Results
Of the seroprevalence studies sampled, 78% (95% CI 72–82%) failed to account for sensitivity and specificity. Expected bias is often more than is desired in practice, ranging from 1–12%.
Conclusions
Researchers conducting studies of prevalence should correctly account for test sensitivity and specificity in their statistical analysis.
Undergraduate Physical Therapy Student’s Attitudes Towards Using Social Media for Learning Purposes Among Different Universities in Karachi Pakistan
Authors: Goswami Rakhi , Goswami Geeta , Jaber Mohammed Hammad
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: In recent years, students have been progressively active on social networking sites on a constant schedule. In 2012 it gradually used for education. By altering our social norms, beliefs, and culture, social media is progressively becoming a vital component of human society. The aim of this research was to find out physical therapy student attitude towards using social media for learning purposes, as well as evaluate the difference in attitudes between gender and benefits of using social media for learning purpose.
METHOD: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 250 undergraduate physical therapy students from different universities in Karachi Pakistan.
RESULTS: According to research, physical therapy students in general have a positive attitude about using social media platforms for educational purposes. YouTube, Wikipedia, Whatsapp, and web-based pages (Facebook) were used by 48.8%, 32.4%, 12%, and 9.2% of students, respectively, for learning purposes. Incorporating social media into classes, according to 116 students (46.4%), would help them learn more effectively. These platforms contribute the finding educational resources, develop writing, listening and other social skills share knowledge enhance self-independent learning, increases collaboration and develop creativity.
CONCLUSION: This research found that both male and female physical therapy students had a positive attitude about using social media platforms, with females having a more positive attitude and for academic purposes its use is convenient. Just 47.6% of students have positive attitudes toward the development of academic performance through the use of social media, indicating that it has the potential to improve the quality of the learning environment and academic success.
Emergence of branched wetting states on a smooth surface
Authors: Tenjimbayashi Mizuki , Arai Shunto
Published: July 2024

When the droplet is cast on the solid surfaces, part of the droplet/solid surface is replaced by their interface, and a wide variety of shapes and adhesion modes, from spreading1, sticky2, to super-repellent3, appears. In principle, droplets on a smooth surface exhibit a single wetting state. According to Young's law in 1805 4, the shape of a droplet, quantified with contact angle, is determined by the balance of substance-specific interfacial energies between three phases of a droplet, contacting solid surface and surrounding media4. Contact angles fluctuate due to external disturbance and the mobility of contact line 5, but the applicable range is generally fixed, which features the adhesion mode of the droplet. Here we show the emergence of branched wetting states with different contact angle ranges using the same droplet and surrounding media on a smooth, homogeneous surface. The applicable wetting states are high-contact angle droplet sticks to the surface or repellent, akin to the Wenzel 6 or Cassie 7 states observed on a nano/micro-textured surface, respectively. The phenomenon is commonly observed when site-specific molecular interactions trap the droplet metastable —the wettability branches when the interface formation order changes. This is because the molecular interactions at interfaces cause hysteresis in phase replacement under certain wettability conditions. Our experiment varied the combination and number of interaction molecules in phases, unravelling the design principles of the branched wettability. This work suggests that the site-specific molecular interaction can bifurcate macroscopic wetting modes, which advances the fundamental understanding of the molecular effect on macro-wettability.
A Pilot Study of Twice-Weekly Group-Based Written Exposure Therapy for Veterans in Residential Substance Use Treatment: Effects on PTSD and Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Doren Natalia , Chang Fang-Hsi , Nguyen Amanda , McKenna Kevin R. , Satre Derek D. , Wiltsey-Stirman Shannon
Published: July 2024

Background
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is highly comorbid with substance use disorders (SUDs), resulting in high prevalence of PTSD among individuals in residential SUD care. However, there is limited research on integrating trauma treatment into residential SUD care settings. The aim of the present project was to conduct an initial evaluation of the effects of group-based Written Exposure Therapy (WET) on PTSD and depressive symptoms that was integrated into programming for individuals in residential SUD treatment.
Methods
Participants were 48 Veterans with comorbid PTSD-SUD from a 28-day residential SUD program at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Eligible participants were enrolled in 5 sessions of WET, delivered in twice-weekly in a group format. PTSD symptoms and depressive symptoms were assessed at each session with the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist, DSM-5 version (PCL-5) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9).
Results
Of the enrolled sample of 48 participants, 92% (n = 44) completed 3 sessions, while 56% (n = 28) completed 5 sessions. Dependent samples t-tests showed significant reductions from baseline in PTSD symptoms within-persons at both the 3-session (t(43) = 4.77, p < .001, d = .72) and 5-session mark (t(27) = 4.36, p < .001, d = .82). In addition, there were significant reductions in depressive symptoms after 3 sessions (t(38) = 3.01, p < .01, d = .48) and after 5 sessions (t(23) = 2.97, p < .01, d = .61).
Conclusion
Findings demonstrate that brief, group-delivered WET shows promise for addressing PTSD and depressive symptoms in residential SUD treatment. Results of the present evaluation could inform further efficacy testing and implementation of PTSD treatment into residential SUD settings.
Cortical Circuits for Cross-Modal Generalization
Authors: El-Boustani Sami , Guyoton Maëlle , Matteucci Giulio , Foucher Charlie , Getz Matthew , Gjorgjieva Julijana
Published: July 2024

Adapting goal-directed behaviors to changing sensory conditions is a fundamental aspect of intelligence. The brain uses abstract representations of the environment to generalize learned associations across sensory modalities. The circuit organization that mediates such cross-modal generalizations remains, however, unknown. Here, we demonstrate that mice can bidirectionally generalize sensorimotor task rules between touch and vision by using abstract representations of peri-personal space within the cortex. Using large-scale mapping in the dorsal cortex at single-cell resolution, we discovered multimodal neurons with congruent spatial representations within multiple associative areas of the dorsal and ventral stream. Optogenetic sensory substitution and systematic silencing of these associative areas revealed that a single area in the dorsal stream is necessary and sufficient for cross-modal generalization. Our results identify and comprehensively describe a cortical circuit organization that underlies an essential cognitive function, providing a structural and functional basis for abstract reasoning in the mammalian brain.
An exploratory study evaluating the 20 medications most commonly associated with suicidal ideation and self-injurious behavior in the FAERS database
Authors: Xie Wen-long , Xiang Dao-chun , Li Yuan-yuan , Ge Meng-lan , Deng Ai-ping
Published: July 2024

A number of pharmaceuticals, including antidepressants and antiepileptics, have a strong correlation with suicide risk. However few studies based on real-world data have been published. This study aims to investigates the correlation between certain pharmaceuticals and the risk of suicidal ideation or self-injurious behavior. Utilizing the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database, we conducted an analysis to identify drugs linked to these adverse outcomes, employing the High-Level Term (HLT) classification from the MedDRA dictionary. By assessing the reporting intensity of the HLT "suicidal ideation or self-injurious behavior" and its Preferred Terms (PTs) across various drug categories with the Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR) and Proportional Reporting Ratio (PRR), we pinpointed the top 20 medications with the highest association. These included sedative-hypnotics, antidepressants, antipsychotics, antiepileptic drugs, antihypertensives, antipyretics/analgesics, and antihyperglycemics. Ranking by ROR, the drugs with the strongest association were alprazolam, zolpidem, bupropion, quetiapine, and fluoxetine. Different categories of drugs are on the table for various reasons. This study provides a nuanced and scientifically rigorous examination of the link between diverse drug categories and the reporting frequency of suicide and self-injury, presenting valuable information for improved medication management and patient safety.
Physical-Prior-Guided Single Image Dehazing Network via Unpaired Contrastive Learning
Authors: Wu Mawei , Jiang Aiwen , Chen Hourong , Ye Jihua
Published: July 2024

Image dehazing aims to restore high fidelity clear images from hazy ones. It has wide applications on many intelligent image analysis systems in computer vision area. Many prior-based and learning-based methods have already made significant progress in this field. However, the domain gap between synthetic and real hazy images still negatively impacts model's generalization performance in real-world scenarios. In this paper, we have proposed an effective physical-prior-guided single image dehazing network via unpaired contrastive learning (PDUNet). The learning process of PDUNet consists of pre-training stage on synthetic data and fine-tuning stage on real data. Mixed-prior modules, controllable zero-convolution modules, and unpaired contrastive regularization with hybrid transmission maps have been proposed to fully utilize complementary advantages of both prior-based and learning-based strategies. Specifically, mixed-prior module provides precise haze distributions. Zero-convolution modules serving as controllable bypass supplement pre-trained model with additional real-world haze information, as well as mitigate the risk of catastrophic forgetting during fine-tuning. Hybrid prior-generated transmission maps are employed for unpaired contrastive regularization. Through leveraging physical prior statistics and vast of unlabel real-data, the proposed PDUNet exhibits excellent generalization and adaptability on handling real-world hazy scenarios. Extensive experiments on public dataset have demonstrated that the proposed method can achieve new state-of-the-art performance on both synthetic and real-world cases. Related codes and model parameters will be publicly available on Github https://github.com/Jotra9872/PDU-Net.
Feasibility of Coaxial Deep Borehole Heat Exchangers in Southern California
Authors: Chen Haohua , Tomac Ingrid
Published: July 2024

This paper investigates the feasibility of Coaxial Deep Borehole Heat Exchanger (CDBHE) applications to the campus at the University of California San Diego (UCSD). By collecting different geophysical source data for various formations and well logs around the UCSD campus, a multilayered thermophysical model for the ground on the site is established. Circulation of water within a closed coaxial loop system considers the geothermal energy extraction under uncertainity consideration of the unknown deeper layers heat flow gradient as coupled with the variation of pipe insulation properties, flow rates, outer pipe diameter, grout and depths between 1 km and 4 km. A finite-element framework is constituted to model the Navier-Stokes fluid flow and heat transfer in the CDBHE system, and validated with a field test on CDBHE from the literature. It was found that a 4 km CDBHE could produce a thermal power of 600 kW under the optimum geological conditions at the UCSD site. Thermal power shares from different layers indicate that deeper formation layers contribute more to the thermal power than the shallower layers. An inner pipe with an insulated depth of 2 km produces only 1–6% less power than a fully insulated inner pipe for the 4 km CDBHE, and thus a partially insulated VIT-plastic inner pipe is suggested. Furthermore, the CDBHE thermal power increases by 5% when the grout thermal conductivity increases from 1 to 3.65 W/(K∙m), close to the formation thermal conductivity, and then maintains almost the same, and the 4 km CDBHE with flow rates of 2.78–6.94 L/s at the UCSD site can directly supply a low-temperature heating radiator system for room heating. The effects of the investigated factors provide guidelines for future geothermal resource exploitation in southern California.
The Association between Serum Albumin and Periodontitis: A Cross-sectional Study from the NHANES
Authors: cai song , Zhou YaShi , Li SiYu , Peng JuXiang , Song JuKun
Published: July 2024

Background
Several studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of nutrienrs on the risk of periodontitis. However, there are few studies on the relationship between serum albumin(SA) and periodontitis. This study aimed to verify the association between SA and periodontitis.
Methods
Data from the 1999–2000, 2003–2004 and 2009–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used in this study. As the dependent variable, periodontitis was defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) in 2012. SA was divided into quartiles as an independent variable to examine variable distribution. Generalized additive model (GAM), smooth curve fitting and threshold effect analysis were used to evaluate the potential nonlinear relationship and dose-response relationship between SA and periodontitis.
Results
The mean age of the 11,362 participants was 51.96 years, with 49.63% males and 50.37% females. 39.03% of subjects suffered from periodontitis. The mean and standard deviation of SA was 4.26 ± 0.34. After adjusting for confounding factors, SA was independently and negatively associated with periodontitis(OR = 0.65,95%CI 0.57, 0.75, P < 0.0001). Furthermore, after dividing SA into quartiles, we observed a significantly lower risk of periodontitis in the highest quartile(Q4)(OR = 0.67,95%CI 0.59, 0.76), P < 0.0001) compared with the lowest quartile (Q1). Subgroup analyses showed that this inverse association was more significant in men than in women. The smooth curve fitting and threshold effect analysis indicated a non-linear relationship between SA and periodontitis. Specifically, when the SA concentration reached 3.9g/dl, there was a decrease in the risk of periodontitis as the concentration continued to increase.
Conclusion
This study showed that SA was inversely associated with the prevalence of periodontitis, which was more significant in men. Moreover, this inverse association occurred with SA levels ≥ 3.9g/dl.
Plasma concentrations of venetoclax and Pharmacogenetics correlated with drug efficacy in treatment naive leukemia patients: a retrospective study
Authors: Peng Hongwei , Li Yue , Wan Qing , Hu Jinfang , Xiao Xiong , Yang Xintong , Kong Fancong , Wang Jieyu , Song Baoquan , Li Zhentao , Ren Simei
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Venetoclax (VEN) was the only Bcl-2 inhibitor approved by FDA and showed desired efficacy. However, VEN showed large differences in clinical efficacy, which may due to pharmacokinetic variability. Objectives:The purpose of the study was to explore the relationships between the plasma concentration and efficacy of VEN, and identify potential influencing factors. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from March 2022 to March 2024. LC-MS/MS was used to monitor the concentration of VEN. Pharmacogenetics was determined by DNA sequence. Results: A total of 76 trough (C0h) and 91 6h post-dose plasma concentration (C6h) blood concentrations of VEN were collected in 54 patients. C6h/D concentration of VEN was significantly correlated with treatment efficacy (P = 0.006) in Leukemia patients with good or intermediate prognosis. A ROC curve was then established and the cut-off value was calculated as 0.2868 µg/ml.kg.mg-1(AUC = 0.7097, P = 0.1081). Furthermore, the research uncovered correlations among the co-administration of triazoles, CYP3A5 rs776746 and ABCB1 genotypes with VEN plasma concentrations. Through LASSO-logistic regression and nomagram analysis, ELN prognostic stratification and neutrophil percentages were determined as the critical elements that may predict drug response. Conclusions: Our results confirmed that ELN stratification was applicable in predicting drug response in treatment native unfit AML patients. C6h/D level may correlate with drug response especially in good and moderate stratification patients. Patients co-administered with triazoles or carried with AA/AG CYP3A5 rs776746 should be paid more attention in order to attain sustainable efficacy with limited toxicity.
Restoring public trust in COVID-19 vaccine among Africans, Caribbean, and Black Canadians Community based participatory research (CBPR)
Authors: Etowa Josephine , Jacques Amoy , Malemo Luc , Ghose Bishwajit , Etowa Egbe , Dabone Charles , Sangwa Sylvia
Published: July 2024

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant global impact predominantly among Africans, Caribbean and Black (ACB) Canadians. ACB people experienced higher infection and recovery rates, greater health risks, and access to care. Public mistrust, due to anti-Black racism and historical trauma contributed to low vaccine uptake among ACB populations. Our study examined multi-level and intersectional issues impacting vaccine uptake and acceptance in Ottawa. This paper will focus on the themes of agency and community resilience.
Methods
A mixed methods research (MMR) approach guided this study using the socio-ecological model (SEM), intersectionality lens, and community-based participatory research principles to generate the qualitative results. The sample included 49 ACB participants involved in focus group discussions (FGDs). The sample population included service providers (20), social workers (15), doctors (3), and nurses (3) and others (8) who were predominantly Black African (70%), mostly female (80%), age range was 35–44 (33%) with high school diplomas (40%). Data were recorded digitally, transcribed verbatim, analyzed inductively. Data analysis methods were thematic analysis including inductive coding using NVivo software and rigor methods were member-checking and external audits. Ethical approval retrieved from affiliated institutions and measures taken to ensure trustworthiness of data.
Results
Our data showed rebuilding public trust is possible by bridging knowledge gaps on vaccine information, increasing service providers’ cultural competence capacity, and providing governance/leadership opportunities for ACB communities.
Conclusion
Restoring public trust will require dismantling racism by prioritizing ACB community’ needs, proactive and accessible culturally appropriate messages, and opportunities to develop policies to improve health outcomes.
Fundamental of human interaction: Type reciprocity
Authors: Lindenberg Siegwart , Denissen Jaap , Damme Eric van
Published: July 2024

Reciprocity belongs to the fundamentals of human interaction. However, it is mostly identified as act reciprocity (“I scratch your back and you scratch mine”). We argue that there also is another kind of reciprocity - not related to acts but to character types (“I treat you nicely because I believe you are a nice person”). In the literature act and type reciprocity are often intermixed despite their fundamental differences. The former requires much bookkeeping and is prone to downward spirals when errors or mishaps occur. By contrast, type reciprocity reduces bookkeeping and potentially contributes to more stable cooperative and competitive relationships. However, so far it lacked direct investigation. In six experiments with economic games with a total of 679 participants and more than 60.000 choices, we found type reciprocity to be (a) very prominent, b) moderately “strong” (i.e. positive and negative), and (c) highly robust against disturbing influences (except in conflictful relationships).