bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multifunctional BaTiO3‐(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3‐based MLCC with high‐energy storage properties and temperature stability
Authors: Chen Lingling , Wang Hongxian , Zhao Peiyao , Zhu Chaoqiong , Cai Ziming , Cen Zhenyong , Li Longtu , Wang Xiaohui
Published: December 2018

BaTiO3‐(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3(BTBNT)‐based multilayer ceramic capacitor (MLCC) chips with the inner electrodes being Ag0.6/Pd0.4 are prepared by a roll‐to‐roll casting method. The BTBNT‐based MLCC chips with ten‐dielectric layers can be sintered very well at a low temperature of 1130°C via two‐step sintering (TSS). X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) results show that MLCC chips are a core‐shell structure with two phases coexistence. The core exhibits a tetragonal phase at room temperature and then gradually changes into a cubic phase when the temperature increases above Tc(175°C). While, the shell exhibits a pseudocubic phase at all tested temperature from 25°C to 500°C. BTBNT‐based MLCC chips exhibit a broad temperature stability and meet the requirement of Electronic Industries Association (EIA) X9R specifications. In terms of energy storage performance, a large discharge energy density of 3.33 J/cm3can be obtained at 175°C under the applied electric field of 480 kV/cm. Among all tested temperature ranging from −50°C to 200°C, the energy efficiency of all chips is higher than 80%, even under a high applied electric field. The experimental results indicate that this novel BTBNT‐based X9R MLCCs can be one of the most promising candidates for energy storage applications, especially operated in high temperature.
Effect of rapamycin on bone mass and strength in the α2(I)‐G610C mouse model of osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Bateman John F. , Sampurno Lisa , Maurizi Antonio , Lamandé Shireen R. , Sims Natalie A. , Cheng Tegan L. , Schindeler Aaron , Little David G.
Published: December 2018

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is commonly caused by heterozygous type I collagen structural mutations that disturb triple helix folding and integrity. This mutant‐containing misfolded collagen accumulates in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and induces a form of ER stress associated with negative effects on osteoblast differentiation and maturation. Therapeutic induction of autophagy to degrade the mutant collagens could therefore be useful in ameliorating the ER stress and deleterious downstream consequences. To test this, we treated a mouse model of mild to moderate OI (α2(I) G610C) with dietary rapamycin from 3 to 8 weeks of age and effects on bone mass and mechanical properties were determined. OI bone mass and mechanics were, as previously reported, compromised compared to WT. While rapamycin treatment improved the trabecular parameters of WT and OI bones, the biomechanical deficits of OI bones were not rescued. Importantly, we show that rapamycin treatment suppressed the longitudinal and transverse growth of OI, but not WT, long bones. Our work demonstrates that dietary rapamycin offers no clinical benefit in this OI model and furthermore, the impact of rapamycin on OI bone growth could exacerbate the clinical consequences during periods of active bone growth in patients with OI caused by collagen misfolding mutations.
Friends or foes? Examining platform owners’ entry into complementors’ spaces
Authors: Zhu Feng
Published: December 2018

As platform owners continue to expand their ecosystems, many of them have started to provide consumers with their own complementary applications. These moves position the platform owners as direct competitors to their complementors. This paper surveys empirical studies that examine the direct entry of platform owners into complementors’ product spaces. It finds that both the motivation and impact of such entries on complementors are multifaceted. The motivation behind platform owners’ direct entry goes beyond value capture, and the impact of platform entry on complementors varies across empirical settings. It identifies several future research directions that can help advance our understanding of the relationships between platform owners and complementors.
Abnormalities in acute salivary biochemical characteristic responses to gustatory stimulation with citric acid in chronic non‐atrophic gastritis
Authors: Lin Chuan‐Quan , Wang Li‐Hui , Yang Long , Qiu Xiang‐Hong , Wang Dong‐Xu , Liang Xue‐Dan , Chen Long‐Hui , Xie Hai‐Mei , Wang Shuang‐Shuang , Li Ru‐Liu
Published: December 2018

Background and Aim

Salivary characteristics are altered in gastrointestinal diseases and related to oral taste disorder. However, specific salivary biochemical characteristics and their relationships with oral taste disturbances in chronic non‐atrophy gastritis (CNAG) remain uncertain.

Methods

Seventy patients with CNAG and 70 subjects in healthy control group (HCG) were enrolled in our study. The levels of salivary flow rate (SFR), pH, salivary α‐amylase (sAA) activity, total protein density (TPD), chloride concentration, and calcium concentration were determined before and after citric acid stimulation and compared between CNAG with and without oral taste disturbances.

Results

Average body mass index (BMI) of CNAG (17.75 ± 2.08) was lower than that of HCG (21.96 ± 1.72, P < 0.01). Compared with HCG, CNAG showed increased TPD and calcium concentration but decreased SFR both before and after acid stimulation (P < 0.01), as well as reduced sAA and salivary chloride responses to acid stimulation (P < 0.01). Compared with CNAG with normal BMI (24.29%, 17/70), sAA activity response to acid stimulation was reduced in those with low BMI (75.71%, 53/70, P < 0.05). Under resting condition, CNAG with dry mouth (55.71%, 39/70) showed increased SFR and decreased TPD (P < 0.05), as compared with CNAG without dry mouth (44.29%, 31/70). Compared with CNAG without bitter taste (57.14%, 40/70), pH was decreased in those with bitter taste (42.86%, 30/70) under both resting and stimulated conditions (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Decreased sAA activity may reflect malnutrition state and be one potential marker of poor digestion, decreased salivary pH may contribute to bitter taste perception, and reduced TPD might be a cause of dry mouth in CNAG.
Combination therapy versus monotherapy in the treatment of recalcitrant warts: A clinical and immunological study
Authors: Nofal Ahmad , Elkot Reham , Nofal Eman , Mazen Mai
Published: December 2018

Background

Treatment of recalcitrant warts represents a continuing therapeutic challenge. Combination therapies can help improve treatment response, decrease adverse effects, and reduce recurrence.

Objective

To compare the efficacy, safety and immunological effects of a combined acitretin‐intralesional Candida antigen against acitretin alone and Candida antigen alone for intractable warts.

Methods

Sixty adult patients with intractable warts were included in this study. Patients were subdivided into three groups, each containing 20 patients. Acitretin alone was taken by patients of group I, Candida antigen alone was injected in patients of group II, and group III received a combination of intralesional Candida antigen and acitretin. Serum cytokine levels of IL‐10 and IFN‐γ were measured before and after therapy in the studied groups.

Results

Total resolution of warts was achieved in 8 patients (40%) of the acitretin alone group, 9 patients (45%) of the Candida antigen alone group and 15 patients (75%) of the combination therapy group. The therapeutic response was statistically higher in the combined acitretin‐Candida antigen group as compared with either agent alone. Adverse effects were non‐significant in the three groups. There were no statistically significant differences in the serum levels of IFN‐γ and IL‐10 between responders and non‐responders after therapy in the three studied groups.

Conclusion

The combination therapy of acitretin + Candida antigen is superior to either agent alone. Serum cytokine levels of IL‐10 and IFN‐γ were not associated with clearance or persistence of warts in any of the studied groups.
Sterol‐standardized phytopharmaceutical from ground cherry: Corticoid‐like properties on human keratinocytes and fibroblasts and its effects in a randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Pereda Maria Del Carmen V. , Dieamant Gustavo , Nogueira Cecília , Eberlin Samara , Facchini Gustavo , Mussi Lilian , Polezel Marcio A. , Martins‐Oliveira Divino , Rosa Paulo T.V. , Di Stasi Luiz C.
Published: December 2018

Background

Topical corticosteroids have been the most commonly prescribed drugs to treat skin inflammation, but their uses can lead to several adverse effects. Nowadays, new pharmacological strategies have been evaluated to improve dermatologic efficacy and reduce adverse effects, including natural products.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of a plant sterol standardized supercritical CO2 phytopharmaceutical of Physalis angulata L. with hydrocortisone on the immune and inflammatory mediators, and skin repair components production. Moreover, we studied effects of both products on the skin microcirculation and temperature in a double‐blind placebo‐controlled clinical trial.

Methods

Both products were evaluated on the immune (IL‐6, IL‐10, INF‐γ, TNF‐α, and IL‐1α), inflammatory (COX‐2, LOX, PLA2, PGE2, LTB4, histamine, and NF‐κB), and repair components (TGF‐β, GM‐CSF, collagen, and GAG) production on human keratinocytes and fibroblast in non‐stimulated and LPS‐stimulated conditions. Indeed, in a randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled clinical trial, we evaluated the effects of the both creams on the skin microcirculation and temperature using laser Doppler and infrared thermometer, respectively.

Results

Physalis angulata acted on the skin, modulating immune status and inflammatory response producing corticoid‐like effects, but different of hydrocortisone, increased skin repair factors. The effects of phytopharmaceutical cream in the clinical trial promoted a better reduction in skin microcirculation and temperature than hydrocortisone.

Conclusions

Taken together, the results indicate that sterol standardized CO2 supercritical preparation of P angulata is a new and innovative phytopharmaceutical with multiple pharmacological effects potentially useful as human skin protective product, particularly against cutaneous inflammatory disorders.
Melatonin in macrophage biology: Current understanding and future perspectives
Authors: Xia Yaoyao , Chen Siyuan , Zeng Sijing , Zhao Yuanyuan , Zhu Congrui , Deng Baichuan , Zhu Guoqiang , Yin Yulong , Wang Wence , Hardeland Rüdiger , Ren Wenkai
Published: December 2018

Melatonin is a ubiquitous hormone found in various organisms and highly affects the function of immune cells. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the significance of melatonin in macrophage biology and the beneficial effects of melatonin in macrophage‐associated diseases. Enzymes associated with synthesis of melatonin, as well as membrane receptors for melatonin, are found in macrophages. Indeed, melatonin influences the phenotype polarization of macrophages. Mechanistically, the roles of melatonin in macrophages are related to several cellular signaling pathways, such as NF‐κB, STATs, and NLRP3/caspase‐1. Notably, miRNAs (eg, miR‐155/‐34a/‐23a), cellular metabolic pathways (eg, α‐KG, HIF‐1α, and ROS), and mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy are also involved. Thus, melatonin modulates the development and progression of various macrophage‐associated diseases, such as cancer and rheumatoid arthritis. This review provides a better understanding about the importance of melatonin in macrophage biology and macrophage‐associated diseases.
Melatonin multiple effects on brown adipose tissue molecular machinery
Authors: de Souza Caroline A. P. , Gallo Camila Congentino , de Camargo Ludmilla Scodeler , de Carvalho Paula Vargas Versignassi , Olesçuck Ingrid Fernandes , Macedo Felipe , da Cunha Fernanda Marques , Cipolla‐Neto José , do Amaral Fernanda G.
Published: December 2018

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) influences energy balance through nonshivering thermogenesis, and its metabolism daily and seasonal variations are regulated by melatonin through partially known mechanisms. We evaluated the role of melatonin in BAT molecular machinery of male Control, pinealectomized (PINX), and melatonin‐treated pinealectomized (PINX/Mel) adult rats. BAT was collected either every 3 hours over 24 hours or after cold or high‐fat diet (HFD) acute exposure. HFD PINX animals presented decreased Dio2 expression, while HFD PINX/Mel animals showed increased Dio2, Ucp1, and Cidea expression. Cold‐exposed PINX rats showed decreased Dio2 and Lhs expression, and melatonin treatment augmented Adrβ3, Dio2, Ucp1, and Cidea expression. Daily profiles analyses showed altered Dio2, Lhs, Ucp1, Pgc1α, and Cidea gene and UCP1 protein expression in PINX animals, leading to altered rhythmicity under sub‐thermoneutral conditions, which was partially restored by melatonin treatment. The same was observed for mitochondrial complexes I, II, and IV protein expression and enzyme activity. Melatonin absence seems to impair BAT responses to metabolic challenges, and melatonin replacement reverses this effect, with additional increase in the expression of crucial genes, suggesting that melatonin plays an important role in several key points of the thermogenic activation pathway, influencing both the rhythmic profile of the tissue and its ability to respond to metabolic challenges, which is crucial for the organism homeostasis.
Melatonin regulates the activities of ovary and delays the fertility decline in female animals via MT1/AMPK pathway
Authors: Zhang Lu , Zhang Zhenzhen , Wang Jing , Lv Dongying , Zhu Tianqi , Wang Feng , Tian Xiuzhi , Yao Yujun , Ji Pengyun , Liu Guoshi
Published: December 2018

Female fertility irreversibly declines with aging, and this is primarily associated with the decreased quality and quantity of oocytes. To evaluate whether a long‐term of melatonin treatment would improve the fertility of aged mice, different concentrations of melatonin (10−3, 10−5, 10−7 mol/L) were supplemented into drinking water. Melatonin treatments improved the litter sizes of mice at the age of 24 weeks. Mice treated with 10−5 mol/L melatonin had the largest litter size among other concentrations. At this optimal concentration, melatonin not only significantly increased the total number of oocytes but also their quality, having more oocytes with normal morphology that could generate more blastocyst after in vitro fertilization in melatonin (10−5 mol/L)‐treated group than that in the controls. When these blastocysts were transferred to recipients, the litter size was also significantly larger in melatonin treated mice than that in controls. The increases in TAOC and SOD level and decreases in MDA were detected in ovaries and uterus from melatonin‐treated mice compared to the controls. Melatonin reduced ROS level and maintained mitochondrial membrane potential in the oocytes cultured in vitro. Mechanistically studies revealed that the beneficial effects of melatonin on oocytes were mediated by MT1 receptor and AMPK pathway. Thereafter, MT1 knocking out (MT1‐KO) were generated and shown significantly reduced number of oocytes and litter size. The expression ofSIRT1,C‐myc,andCHOPwere downregulated in the ovary of MT1‐KO mice, but SIRT1 and p‐NF‐kB protein level were elevated in response to disturbed redox balance. The results have convincingly proven that melatonin administration delays ovary aging and improves fertility in mice via MT1/AMPK pathway.
Changes in characteristics of periodontal ligament stem cells in spheroid culture
Authors: Iwasaki Kengo , Nagata Mizuki , Akazawa Keiko , Watabe Tetsuro , Morita Ikuo
Published: December 2018

Objectives

The periodontal ligament (PDL) has important roles in maintaining homeostasis, wound healing, and regeneration of periodontal tissues by supplying stem/progenitor cells. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) have mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)‐like characteristics and can be isolated from periodontal tissues. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of three‐dimensional spheroid culture on the characteristics of PDLSCs.

Material and Methods

Periodontal ligament stem cells were isolated and cultured from healthy teeth, and PDLSC spheroids were formed by pellet culture in polypropylene tubes. The proliferation of PDLSCs in spheroids and conventional two‐dimensional (2D) cultures were examined by immunostaining for Ki67. Cell death and cell size were analyzed using flow cytometry. Gene expression changes were investigated by quantitative real time PCR.

Results

Periodontal ligament stem cells spontaneously formed spheroid masses in pellet culture. The size of PDLSC spheroids was inversely proportional to the culture period. Fewer Ki67‐positive cells were detected in PDLSC spheroids compared to those in 2D culture. Flow cytometry revealed an increase in dead cells and a decrease in cell size in PDLSC spheroids. The expression levels of genes related to anti‐inflammation (TSG6, COX2, MnSOD) and angiogenesis (VEGF, bFGF, HGF) were drastically increased by spheroid culture compared to 2D culture. TSG6 gene expression was inhibited in PDLSC spheroids in the presence of the apoptosis signal inhibitor, Z‐VAD‐FMK. Additionally, PDLSC spheroid transplantation into rat periodontal defects did not induce the regeneration of periodontal tissues.

Conclusions

We found that spheroid culture of PDLSCs affected several characteristics of PDLSCs, including the expression of genes related to anti‐inflammation and angiogenesis; apoptosis signaling may be involved in these changes. Our results revealed the characteristics of PDLSCs in spheroid culture and have provided new information to the field of stem cell research.
Targeting the pattern‐triggered immunity pathway to enhance resistance to Fusarium graminearum
Authors: Sarowar Sujon , Alam Syeda T. , Makandar Ragiba , Lee Hyeonju , Trick Harold N. , Dong Yanhong , Shah Jyoti
Published: December 2018

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a disease of the floral tissues of wheat and barley for which highly resistant varieties are not available. Thus, there is a need to identify genes/mechanisms that can be targeted for the control of this devastating disease. Fusarium graminearum is the primary causal agent of FHB in North America. In addition, it also causes Fusarium seedling blight. Fusarium graminearum can also cause disease in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The Arabidopsis–F. graminearum pathosystem has facilitated the identification of targets for the control of disease caused by this fungus. Here, we show that resistance against F. graminearum can be enhanced by flg22, a bacterial microbe‐associated molecular pattern (MAMP). flg22‐induced resistance in Arabidopsis requires its cognate pattern recognition receptor (PRR) FLS2, and is accompanied by the up‐regulation of WRKY29. The expression of WRKY29, which is associated with pattern‐triggered immunity (PTI), is also induced in response to F. graminearum infection. Furthermore, WRKY29 is required for basal resistance as well as flg22‐induced resistance to F. graminearum. Moreover, constitutive expression of WRKY29 in Arabidopsis enhances disease resistance. The PTI pathway is also activated in response to F. graminearum infection of wheat. Furthermore, flg22 application and ectopic expression of WRKY29 enhance FHB resistance in wheat. Thus, we conclude that the PTI pathway provides a target for the control of FHB in wheat. We further show that the ectopic expression of WRKY29 in wheat results in shorter stature and early heading time, traits that are important to wheat breeding.
Molecular epidemiology and in vitro antifungal susceptibility of Trichophyton schoenleinii, agent of tinea capitis favosa
Authors: Gao Yangmin , Zhan Ping , Hagen Ferry , Menken Steph B. J. , Sun Jiufeng , Rezaei‐Matehkolaei Ali , de Hoog Sybren
Published: December 2018

Trichophyton schoenleinii is an anthropophilic dermatophyte usually causing tinea favosa. Only few studies have provided data on molecular epidemiology and antifungal profiles of this fungus due to its limited prevalence after 1950s. Forty‐nine strains from Asia (n = 27), Africa (n = 10), Europe (n = 10) and from unknown regions (n = 2) were analysed with amplified fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting (AFLP) to reveal intraspecific genetic diversity in this dataset. Amplified fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting genotyping revealed five clusters which did not correspond to geographic origins or clinical characteristics. Additionally, in vitro antifungal susceptibility to seven antifungals was provided for all strains. Terbinafine, ketoconazole, miconazole and itraconazole proved to be the most effective drugs, followed by griseofulvin. No correlation between genotypes and differences in antifungal susceptibility was observed. It is concluded that the AFLP groups are lineages within a single species.
Who Creates Stable Jobs? Evidence from Brazil
Authors: Brummund Peter , Connolly Laura
Published: December 2018

Recent research shows that start‐ups are important for job creation, but these firms are also inherently volatile. We use linked employer–employee data to examine the relative importance of firm age and firm size for job creation and destruction in Brazil. Firm age is a more important determinant of job creation in Brazil than firm size; young firms and start‐ups create a relatively high number of jobs. However, young firms are also more likely to exit the market and have higher levels of employment volatility. We, therefore, condition the job creation analysis on job stability. Young firms and large firms create relatively more stable jobs in Brazil.
Refill Port Identification of Intrathecal Drug Delivery System Devices With a Raised Fill Port
Authors: Maino Paolo , van Kuijk Sander M. J. , Koetsier Eva
Published: December 2018

Objectives

The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of the manual identification of the reservoir fill port (RFP) for refill of intrathecal drug delivery systems (IDDSs) with a raised RFP on the pump surface (raised‐RFP‐IDDSs), and compare this to previously reported data of patients with IDDSs with a recessed RFP (recessed‐RFP‐IDDSs).

Methods

Nineteen patients underwent 2 IDDS refills for the treatment of noncancer pain or spasticity. The primary endpoint of this prospective observational study was the deviation between the needle insertion point and the RFP center, quantified by fluoroscopic visualization. A distance surpassing that between the center and the margin of the RFP of 4 mm was considered a clinically relevant deviation. The results were compared with previously reported data of a patient cohort with recessed‐RFP‐IDDSs, and the differences were tested using Student's t‐test.

Results

The mean deviation from the RFP center was 4.9 mm (standard deviation = 3.7). The RFP identification accuracy deviated more than the clinically relevant difference in 17 out of 35 instances (48.6%). The number of attempts and median procedural time was significantly correlated to the needle deviation. The mean deviations in the raised‐RFP‐IDDS cohort were consistently lower compared to the recessed‐RFP‐IDDS cohort (first refill procedure 4.0 vs. 8.5, P < 0.001; second procedure 5.9 vs. 8.1, P = 0.074).

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that the manual localization of the RFP for raised‐RFP‐IDDSs is moderately accurate, and more accurate if compared to previously published accuracy of the template‐guided technique for recessed‐RFP‐IDDSs.
CKB1 regulates expression of ribosomal protein L10 family gene and plays a role in UV‐B response
Authors: Zhang C. , Li H. , Yuan C. , Liu S. , Li M. , Zhu J. , Lin X. , Lu Y. , Guo X.
Published: December 2018

Plastid casein kinase 2 (CK2), which is a major Ser/Thr‐specific enzyme in higher organisms, plays an essential role in plant development and diverse abiotic stresses. CKB1 is a regulatory subunit beta of CK2. To expand our understand of functions of the CKB1 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana, protein changes among wild‐type (WT) and CKB1 gain‐ and loss‐of‐function mutants were compared.

Proteins extracted from the CKB1 knockout mutant and overexpressing mutant were compared with Col‐0 plants using 2D‐PAGE. Proteins regulated by CKB1 were identified with matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionisation time‐of‐flight/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF/TOF), and its transcript was verified by qRT‐PCR. Bioinformatics analysis, including gene ontology and protein–protein interaction analysis, were employed.

The results of mass spectra and bioinformatics analysis suggest that CKB1 may have functions in regulation of the ribosomal protein L10 (RPL10) family and is involved in ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B) response. Furthermore, qRT‐PCR verification showed CKB1 expression was up‐regulated by UV‐B stress. The expression levels of five genes in the RPL10 family were reduced in the ckb1 T‐DNA insertion mutants, whereas they increased in the CKB1 overexpressing mutants under both normal conditions and UV‐B treatment.

In conclusion, CKB1 has important functions in UV‐B radiation stress. Our study implies that CKB1 positively regulates UV‐B radiation stress signalling, possibly through modulating expression of the RPL10 family.
A new molecular screening tool for the detection of chromosomal abnormalities in donkeys
Authors: Poyato‐Bonilla Julia , Anaya‐Calvo Gabriel , Molina Antonio , Valera Mercedes , Moreno‐Millán Miguel , Dorado Jesús , Demyda‐Peyrás Sebastián
Published: December 2018

Contents

Chromosomal abnormalities are a major cause of infertility and reproductive problems in equids. Nowadays, their detection is rising due to the use of new diagnostic tools based on molecular markers instead of karyotyping. Reports of this kind of genetic aberrations in domestic donkeys (Equus asinus) are extremely scarce, despite their importance in human activities. In the present study, we analysed the implementation of a short‐tandem‐repeat (STR)‐based molecular method initially developed for horses, as a diagnostic tool to detect chromosomal abnormalities in donkeys. The frequency of five X‐linked (LEX003, LEX026, TKY38, TKY270 and UCEDQ502) and one Y‐linked (ECAYM2) molecular markers and one Y‐linked gene (sex‐determining region Y, SRY) was characterized in 121 donkeys from two diverse breeds, the Spanish Andalusian and the African Moroccan breeds. The molecular panel showed 100% sensitivity and 99.67% specificity in detecting 10 different chromosomal abnormalities in the species. In conclusion, this methodology is a valid, rapid and low‐cost tool for the detection and characterization of chromosomal abnormalities in domestic donkeys.
Masticatory function and oral sensorimotor ability in Parkinson's disease: Levodopa on versus off periods
Authors: Rodrigues Ribeiro Giselle , Heitor Campos Camila , Barbosa Câmara‐Souza Mariana , Fraga do Amaral Camilla , Rodrigues Garcia Renata Cunha Matheus
Published: December 2018

Aims

To evaluate masticatory function and oral sensorimotor ability (OSA) in elders with Parkinson's disease (PD) during the levodopa on and off‐periods.

Methods and results

Participants were 11 partially and completely edentulous elders with PD. Masticatory function was evaluated by mandibular movements, maximum bite force (MBF), and masticatory performance (MP). Mandibular movements reflecting jaw range of motion (ROM) and jaw movements while chewing silicone test material (Optocal), were evaluated using a kinesiograph. MBF was assessed by strain sensors, and MP was determined using the median Optocal particle size (X50) after 40 masticatory cycles. OSA was evaluated using oral stereognosis test scores and response time. Evaluations were carried out 30 min before levodopa intake (off‐period) and within a 3‐day interval 1 h after levodopa intake (on‐period). Data were analyzed by Student's t‐test, considering a significance level of 5%. During the levodopa off‐period, elders showed decreased ROM during protrusion and lateral movements, while no difference was found in maximum opening and mandibular movements during chewing. MBF was lower and X50 was higher during the off‐period, indicating worse mastication. However, OSA did not differ between the evaluated times.

Conclusion

Elders with PD had impaired mastication during the levodopa off‐period, although OSA was not altered.
Determinants of the assembly, integrity and maintenance of the endoplasmic reticulum‐peroxisome tether
Authors: Knoblach Barbara , Rachubinski Richard A.
Published: December 2018

Organelle tethering and intercommunication are crucial for proper cell function. We previously described a tether between peroxisomes and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that acts in peroxisome population control in the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Components of this tether are Pex3p, an integral membrane protein of both peroxisomes and the ER and Inp1p, a connector that links peroxisomes to the ER. Here, we report the analysis of random Inp1p mutants that enabled identification of regions in Inp1p required for the assembly and maintenance of the ER‐peroxisome tether. Interaction analysis between Inp1p mutants and known Inp1p‐binding proteins demonstrated that Pex3p and Inp1p do not constitute the sole components of the ER‐peroxisome tether. Deletion of these Inp1p interactors whose steady‐state localization is outside of ER‐peroxisome tethers affected peroxisome dynamics. Our findings are consistent with the presence of regulatory cues that act on ER‐peroxisome tethers and point to the existence of membrane contact sites between peroxisomes and organelles other than the ER.
The P1 histo‐blood group antigen is present on human red blood cell glycoproteins
Authors: Stenfelt Linn , Westman Julia S. , Hellberg Åsa , Olsson Martin L.
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND

The P1 antigen was first described in 1927 and belongs to the P1PK histo‐blood group system, together with Pk and NOR. The A4GALT‐encoded 4‐α‐galactosyltransferase synthesizes these antigens and has been considered to extend glycolipids exclusively. However, contradicting studies have been published regarding the presence of P1 on human glycoproteins. In other species, P1 occurs on glycoproteins. Furthermore, human ABH antigens occur on both glycolipids and glycoproteins and are biochemically related to P1. Thus, we hypothesized that P1 is present on RBC glycoproteins in humans.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

RBCs of known P1/P2 status (phenotype and rs8138197 genotype) were used. The RBC surface glycans were modified with α‐galactosidases, papain, and/or peptide‐N‐glycosidase F. RBC membrane proteins were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis/immunoblot. A new P
1/P
2‐allelic discrimination assay based on rs5751348 was validated.

RESULTS

P1 occurs on various glycoproteins, seen as smearlike patterns in anti‐P1‐stained immunoblots with RBC membranes of P1 but not P2 or p phenotype. There was a significant difference between the staining of P
1‐homozygous and P
1‐heterozygous RBCs (P
1P
1 > P
1P
2), as well as intragenotypic variation. Immunoblotting banding patterns show major carriers at approximately 50 and 100 kDa. P1 staining was lost after treatment of RBCs with α‐galactosidase of broad Galα‐1,3/4/6‐specificity. Peptide‐N‐glycosidase F treatment reduced the P1 signal, while papain or α‐1,3‐specific galactosidase did not. P
1/P
2 status was confirmed by a new rs5751348 assay.

CONCLUSION

Our data indicate that the P1 antigen can reside on human RBC glycoproteins. Glycosidase studies suggest that at least part of the epitopes occur on N‐glycans.
Fabrication and Characterization of Graphene Oxide Doped SU-8 Polymer Waveguide
Authors: Ibrahim Mohd Haniff , Salim Mohd Rashidi , Mohd Noor Muhammad Yusof , Mohd Kassim Norazan
Published: December 2018

In this paper, graphene oxide (GO) was doped into SU-8 polymer to examine the functionalities of polymer waveguide material via dopant inclusion. In material preparation, step by step processes starting from cyclopentanone mixing will be explained. It is shown that doped material's refractive index can be tailored by having different weight percentage of GO. Finally, a single mode ridge waveguide loss of GO doped SU-8 has been characterized to be 1.9 dB/cm at 1550 nm wavelength.
Identifying Risk Factors for Female Cardiovascular Disease Patients in Malaysia: A Bayesian Approach
Authors: Juhan Nurliyana , Zubairi Yong Zulina , Mohd Khalid Zarina , Mahmood Zuhdi Ahmad Syadi
Published: December 2018

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) includes coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease (stroke), peripheral artery disease, and atherosclerosis of the aorta. All females face the threat of CVD. But becoming aware of symptoms and signs is a great challenge since most adults at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) have no symptoms or obvious signs especially in females. The symptoms may be identified by the assessment of their risk factors. The Bayesian approach is a specific way in dealing with this kind of problem by formalizing a priori beliefs and of combining them with the available observations. This study aimed to identify associated risk factors in CVD among female patients presenting with ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) using Bayesian logistic regression and obtain a feasible model to describe the data. A total of 874 STEMI female patients in the National Cardiovascular Disease Database-Acute Coronary Syndrome (NCVD-ACS) registry year 2006-2013 were analysed. Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation approach was applied in the univariate and multivariate analysis. Model performance was assessed through the model calibration and discrimination. The final multivariate model of STEMI female patients consisted of six significant variables namely smoking, dyslipidaemia, myocardial infarction (MI), renal disease, Killip class and age group. Females aged 65 years and above have higher incidence of CVD and mortality is high among female patients with Killip class IV. Also, renal disease was a strong predictor of CVD mortality. Besides, performance measures for the model was considered good. Bayesian logistic regression model provided a better understanding on the associated risk factors of CVD for female patients which may help tailor prevention or treatment plans more effectively.
Positive Normalization of Discrete Descriptor System under Disturbance
Authors: Baqi Ahmad Iqbal , Nazra Admi , Zulakmal Zulakmal , Yulianti Lyra , Muhafzan Muhafzan
Published: December 2018

It is well known the descriptor systems have a wide application field. Usually it appear as a mathematical model of a real problem, mainly the model that involves the input output relationship. It is well known that a descriptor linear system has an unique solution if the pencil matrix of the system is regular. However, there are some systems that are not regular. Moreover, even though the system is regular the solution can contain the noncausal behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to normalize the descriptor system so as it has well behavior. In this paper, we propose a feedback to normalize a discrete descriptor system under disturbance. Furthermore, we establish a sufficient condition in order for the discrete descriptor system under disturbance can be normalized positively.
Ischaemic and hypoxic conditioning: potential for protection of vital organs
Authors: Sprick Justin D. , Mallet Robert T. , Przyklenk Karin , Rickards Caroline A.
Published: December 2018

New Findings

What is the topic of this review?

Remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) and hypoxic preconditioning as novel therapeutic approaches for cardiac and neuroprotection.

What advances does it highlight?

There is improved understanding of mechanisms and signalling pathways associated with ischaemic and hypoxic preconditioning, and potential pitfalls with application of these therapies to clinical trials have been identified. Novel adaptations of preconditioning paradigms have also been developed, including intermittent hypoxia training, RIPC training and RIPC–exercise, extending their utility to chronic settings.

Myocardial infarction and stroke remain leading causes of death worldwide, despite extensive resources directed towards developing effective treatments. In this Symposium Report we highlight the potential applications of intermittent ischaemic and hypoxic conditioning protocols to combat the deleterious consequences of heart and brain ischaemia. Insights into mechanisms underlying the protective effects of intermittent hypoxia training are discussed, including the activation of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 and Nrf2 transcription factors, synthesis of antioxidant and ATP‐generating enzymes, and a shift in microglia from pro‐ to anti‐inflammatory phenotypes. Although there is little argument regarding the efficacy of remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) in pre‐clinical models, this strategy has not consistently translated into the clinical arena. This lack of translation may be related to the patient populations targeted thus far, and the anaesthetic regimen used in two of the major RIPC clinical trials. Additionally, we do not fully understand the mechanism through which RIPC protects the vital organs, and co‐morbidities (e.g. hypercholesterolemia, diabetes) may interfere with its efficacy. Finally, novel adaptations have been made to extend RIPC to more chronic settings. One adaptation is RIPC–exercise (RIPC‐X), an innovative paradigm that applies cyclical RIPC to blood flow restriction exercise (BFRE). Recent findings suggest that this novel exercise modality attenuates the exaggerated haemodynamic responses that may limit the use of conventional BFRE in some clinical settings. Collectively, intermittent ischaemic and hypoxic conditioning paradigms remain an exciting frontier for the protection against ischaemic injuries.
Repositories for mite and tick specimens: acronyms and their nomenclature
Authors: Zhang Zhi-Qiang
Published: December 2018

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Epitaxial growth and dielectric characterization of atomically smooth 0.5Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3–0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 thin films
Authors: Liu Yang , Wang Zheng , Thind Arashdeep Singh , Orvis Thomas , Sarkar Debarghya , Kapadia Rehan , Borisevich Albina Y. , Mishra Rohan , Khan Asif Islam , Ravichandran Jayakanth
Published: December 2018

The authors report the epitaxial growth and the dielectric properties of relaxor ferroelectric 0.5Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3–0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 thin films with atomically flat surface on GdScO3 single crystal substrates. The authors studied the effects of growth conditions, such as the substrate temperature and the oxygen pressure on the structure of the thin films, as measured by x-ray diffraction, to identify the optimal growth conditions. The authors achieved sustained layer-by-layer growth of 0.5Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3–0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 films as monitored by in situ and real time reflective high energy electron diffraction. Atomic force microscopy investigations showed atomically smooth step terrace structures. Aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy images show good epitaxial relation of the film and the substrate without any line defects. High dielectric constant (∼1400) and slim hysteresis loops in polarization-electric field characteristics were observed in 0.5Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3–0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 films, which are characteristic of relaxor-type ferroelectric materials.
High stability near-broken gap junction for multijunction photovoltaics
Authors: Johnson Forrest , Pankow Joel , Teeter Glenn , Benton Brian , Campbell Stephen A.
Published: December 2018

High performance tunnel junctions were made from sputtered and annealed p-type CuAlO2 and n-type ZnSnO3 with suitable band alignment for both low resistance and alignment to typical inorganic materials needed for a tandem solar cell. The devices not only exhibit low resistance, they are also thermally stable, capable of sustaining postdeposition temperatures up to 600 °C. This is a key requirement for many high performance multijunction thin film inorganic solar cells. The CuAlO2 top-layer remains amorphous, providing a diffusion barrier for top cell stack processing. The materials’ stack gives a negligible voltage drop, and the visible-spectrum transparency is near 100%. XPS measurements show that unannealed Cu in the Cu-Al-O films is in the +2 oxidation state, while in the films annealed at 500 °C and above, Cu is in the +1 oxidation state. This suggests that annealing is necessary to form CuAlO2. A near-broken gap alignment provides a low resistance contact with band alignment that is nearly ideal for a tandem device.
Atomic layer deposition of ultrathin indium oxide and indium tin oxide films using a trimethylindium, tetrakis(dimethylamino)tin, and ozone precursor system
Authors: Salami Hossein , Uy Alan , Vadapalli Aarathi , Grob Corinne , Dwivedi Vivek , Adomaitis Raymond A.
Published: December 2018

Indium oxide (IO) and indium tin oxide (ITO) are widely used in optoelectronics applications as a high quality transparent conducting oxide layer. A potential application of these coatings is for enhancing the electrical properties of spacecraft thermal radiator coatings, where dissipating built-up static charge is crucial. In this work, the authors investigated the thickness-dependent electrical and optical properties of IO thin films synthesized by atomic layer deposition (ALD) with the aim of finding the optimum condition for coating radiator pigments. Trimethylindium and ozone were used as precursors for IO, while a tetrakis(dimethylamino)tin(IV) source was used for Sn doping to produce ITO. As-deposited IO films prepared at 140 °C resulted in a growth per cycle of 0.46 Å/cycle and film resistivity as low as 1.4×10−3 Ω cm. For the case of ITO thin films, an ALD process supercycle consisting of 1 Sn + 19 In cycles is shown to provide the optimum level of Sn doping corresponding to 10 wt. % widely reported in the literature.
Atomic layer deposition of cobalt oxide on oxide substrates and low temperature reduction to form ultrathin cobalt metal films
Authors: Zhang Zizhuo , Nallan Himamshu C. , Coffey Brennan M. , Ngo Thong Q. , Pramanik Tanmoy , Banerjee Sanjay K. , Ekerdt John G.
Published: December 2018

The authors report the deposition of 4.5-nm-thick cobalt (II) oxide on SiO2/Si(001) and MgO(001) substrates at 180–270 °C by atomic layer deposition using bis(N-tert-butyl-N′-ethylpropionamidinato) cobalt (II) and water as coreactants. The resulting CoO film is smooth and carbon-free. CoO can be reduced to Co metal using hydrogen or deuterium gas at 400–500 °C in a vacuum furnace, but the high temperature processing causes dewetting, leading to discontinuous Co metal islands rather than continuous films. Two low temperature (∼200 °C) reduction methods are reported: deuterium atom reduction and the use of an O-scavenging Al metal film. The low temperature methods can suppress dewetting to a large extent, and the resulting metallic cobalt film is smooth and continuous.
Two unit analysis of Sri Lankan pygmy blue whale song over a decade
Authors: Miksis-Olds Jennifer L. , Nieukirk Sharon L. , Harris Danielle V.
Published: December 2018

Sri Lankan pygmy blue whale song consists of three repeated units: (1) low frequency pulsive unit, (2) frequency modulated (FM) upsweep, and (3) long tonal downsweep. The Unit 2 FM unit has up to three visible upsweeps with energy concentrated at approximately 40, 50, and 60 Hz, while the Unit 3 (∼100 Hz) tonal downsweep is the most distinct unit lasting 20–30 s. Spectral characteristics of the Units 2 and 3 song elements, along with ocean sound levels, were analyzed in the Indian Ocean from 2002 to 2013. The peak frequency of the tonal Unit 3 calls decreased from approximately 106.5 to 100.7 Hz over a decade corresponding to a 5.4% decrease. Over the same time period, the frequency content of the Unit 2 upsweeps did not change as dramatically with only a 3.1% change. Ambient sound levels in the vocalization bands did not exhibit equivalent patterns in amplitude trends. Analysis showed no increase in the ambient sound or compensated peak amplitude levels of the tonal downsweeps, eliminating the presence of a Lombard effect. Here it is proposed that each song unit may convey different information and thus may be responding to different selective pressures.
Kinematic Comparison of Aquatic- and Land-Based Stationary Exercises in Overweight and Normal Weight Children
Authors: Yaghoubi Mostafa , Fink Philip W. , Page Wyatt H. , Heydari Ali , Shultz Sarah P.
Published: December 2018

Purpose: This study examined lower extremity kinematics in healthy weight (HW) and overweight (OW) children during water- and land-based stationary exercises (stationary running, frontal kick, and butt kick) at light submaximal intensity. Methods: Participants included OW (N = 10; body fat percentage: 34.97 [8.60]) and HW (N = 15; body fat percentage: 18.33 [4.87]) children, aged 10 to 13 years. Spatiotemporal data, lower extremity joint kinematics, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were collected during water- and land-based stationary exercises. Repeated measures analysis of variance compared kinematic variables and RPE between groups and environments. A polygon area function compared coordination patterns between environments. Results: RPE responses were significantly greater in OW than HW children on land (13.6 [0.7] vs 11.6 [0.7]; P < .001), whereas the RPE responses were similar between groups in water (11.2 [0.7] vs 11.1 [0.8]; P > .05). OW children were significantly more upright than HW children during land-based exercise, whereas there were no differences observed between groups during aquatic-based exercise. The duration of stance and swing phases, angular velocity, and cadence were significantly lower in water than on land. Conclusion: Compared with HW children, OW children performed stationary exercises in a more upright posture on land, with higher RPE. However, these differences diminished in water. Aquatic-based exercise may be effective in minimizing the effects of excess mass on OW children’s ability to complete physical activity.
Using qualitative comparative analysis and theory of change to unravel the effects of a mental health intervention on service utilisation in Nepal
Authors: Breuer Erica , Subba Prasansa , Luitel Nagendra , Jordans Mark , De Silva Mary , Marchal Bruno , Lund Crick
Published: December 2018

Background

The integration of mental health services into primary care is essential to improve the coverage of mental health services in low resource settings, but the evaluation of this remains challenging. We used a programme’s Theory of Change (ToC) as a conceptual framework to determine what combination(s) of conditions at facility and community level influenced the mental health service utilisation as a result of a district mental healthcare plan (MHCP) implemented in Chitwan, Nepal. In addition, we show how qualitative comparative analysis can be used to provide an integrated analysis of data from a ToC.

Methods

We conducted a longitudinal case study of 10 health facilities where the MHCP was implemented. We collected data from all facilities at baseline (October to December 2013) and quarterly following the implementation of the intervention (March 2014 to November 2016). The data were analysed using pooled qualitative comparative analysis in fsQCA V.2.5.

Results

The following conditions were necessary for high mental health service utilisation: presence of basic and advanced psychosocial care, evidence-based identification and treatment guidelines (WHO mhGAP), referral to tertiary services and the presence of trained female community health volunteers . Two additional combinations of conditions were also identified as sufficient for a high mental health service utilisation: high medication supply, trained facility staff and either the use of a community informant detection tool or having a larger proportion of the community attend community awareness activities.

Conclusions

Both supply-side interventions (formalised approaches to health worker detection and treatment, training of health workers, supervision) and demand-side interventions (community awareness and case finding) are important to integrate mental health in primary care. ToC can be used to provide an integrated analysis of data from a ToC, therefore helping to shed light on the black box of complex multilevel interventions.