bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
When and Why People Conceal Infectious Disease
Authors: Merrell Wilson N. , Choi Soyeon , Ackerman Joshua M.
Published: January 2024

People sick with infectious illnesses face negative social outcomes, like exclusion, and may take steps to conceal their illnesses from others. In 10 studies of past, current, and projected illness, we examined the prevalence and predictors of infection concealment in adult samples of U.S. university students, health-care employees, and online crowdsourced workers (total N = 4,110). About 75% reported concealing illness in interpersonal interactions, possibly placing others in harm’s way. Concealment motives were largely social (e.g., wanting to attend events like parties) and achievement oriented (e.g., completing work objectives). Disease characteristics, including potential harm and illness immediacy, also influenced concealment decisions. People imagining harmful (vs. mild) infections concealed illness less frequently, whereas participants who were actually sick concealed frequently regardless of illness harm, suggesting state-specific biases underlying concealment decisions. Disease concealment appears to be a widely prevalent behavior by which concealers trade off risks to others in favor of their own goals, creating potentially important public-health consequences.
Influence of Medical Practitioners’ Attitude on the Prescription Behaviour for Generic Medicines
Authors: Madan Sunil , Juyal Som Aditya
Published: January 2024

The study is an attempt to find out vital areas related to doctors’ attitude towards generic medicines limiting its mass use. Attitude of medical practitioners, one factor amongst several, was chosen to evaluate doctors’ behaviour towards generic medicines. Most of the countries in the world, rich or poor, are taking more interest in generic medicines due to rising healthcare costs. In India, out of pocket expenses towards healthcare costs are one of the highest in the world besides affordability issue due to its demographics. Generic medicines offer as an alternative to expensive medicines. Government is promoting use of generic medicines; doctors are being advised to write prescription in generic names; however, there are several challenges in its mass use. The study is of national importance as it addresses the issue of low generic prescriptions despite unaffordable access to expensive branded medicines. A questionnaire constructed descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in North India in 2020 amongst 228 medical practitioners at primary, secondary and tertiary healthcare centres. Spearman’s rank correlation computed to assess the association between attitude and prescription of generic medicines was found to be positively correlated between the two variables indicating a significant moderate association between them.

Attitude of doctors towards generic medicines has been found to be playing a significant role in influencing doctors in prescribing generic medicines which explains limited use of generic drugs.
Crisis Faced by a B-School
Authors: Saldanha Avil Terrance , Aranha Rekha
Published: January 2024

This article discusses the marketing missteps made by a prestigious B-school, exploring key concepts such as improper positioning and the imperative for repositioning. It provides an in-depth analysis of the decline in admissions at this well-established institution, culminating in a crisis. Additionally, the article explores a range of strategies available to the B-school’s founder and top management team to enhance the institution’s visibility and bolster its brand.

Furthermore, it sheds light on the challenges the B-school faces, including inadequate infrastructure and other weaknesses, such as subpar research output, moderate placement offers and a low ranking in national B-school surveys. The case meticulously examines the errors made by the B-school’s leadership team, such as discontinuing advertising and the ill-advised decision to withdraw from B-school surveys.

Ultimately, this article epitomizes the predicament faced by an institution that relied on its historical strengths and failed to adapt to the evolving demands of its environment. It concludes by presenting short-term and long-term strategies available to decision-makers for crisis mitigation. It highlights digital marketing as one of the short-term solutions earnestly considered by the B-school’s management to enhance brand awareness among its target audience.
Modeling and experimental study of a miniaturized magnetorheological valve with high performance
Authors: Ntella Sofia Lydia , Koechli Christian , Perriard Yves
Published: January 2024

Magnetorheological (MR) valves attracted the interest of researchers across diverse fields, owing to the controllable nature of MR fluid. The use of MR fluid in valves enables fast response, energy efficiency, and robustness, while several studies designed MR valves that can sustain high-pressure. However, although these studies present efficient solutions, they are still unable to exist in miniaturized form while maintaining high-pressure-sustaining capabilities. This paper presents the analytical, numerical, and experimental analysis of a novel miniaturized cylindrical magnetorheological (MR) valve with high performance in terms of the maximum fluid pressure it is able to sustain. The study considers the flux fringing phenomenon that enhances the value of sustained pressure. The fabricated valve is validated experimentally in closed and open states, as well as during state switching. Finally, comparisons between the analytical, numerical, and experimental results are reported. The novel MR valve demonstrates a capacity to withstand at least 1 MPa of pressure with a volume of 353 mm3 and 3.2 g weight, unlike previous studies that report these values of pressure with valves of larger size and higher structure complexity. These results hold promise for applications demanding high pressure control in constrained spaces, such as medical ones or soft robotics.
Incidence and severity of hand-foot syndrome in cancer patients receiving infusional 5-fluorouracil or oral capecitabine-containing chemotherapy regimens
Authors: Abdul Kareem Sulaikha , Joseph Simi Grace , Wilson Aneena , Kareem Shahnaz Abdul , Kunjumon Vilapurathu Jobin
Published: January 2024

Background

Hand-foot syndrome is a common adverse effect of 5-fluorouracil infusion or oral capecitabine. Several types of research have shown that clinical presentations of hand-foot syndrome vary by ethnicity, so we tried to look at the incidence and severity of hand-foot syndrome in individuals receiving infusional 5-fluorouracil or oral capecitabine at a tertiary care hospital in central Kerala, India.

Aim

To determine the incidence and severity of hand-foot syndrome in cancer patients receiving infusional 5-fluorouracil or oral capecitabine chemotherapy regimen.

Methodology

A prospective cohort study was conducted at the oncology department of a tertiary care hospital in Kerala, India. Our study subjects were those who underwent chemotherapy with infusional 5-fluorouracil or oral capecitabine and later developed hand-foot syndrome. The patients who developed hand-foot syndrome after chemotherapy were assessed to determine the incidence of hand-foot syndrome. Also, the severity of hand-foot syndrome among cancer patients was estimated using CTCAE version 5.0.

Results

Out of 104 study participants, 76.90% ( N = 80) of the patients had hand-foot syndrome, whereas 23.07% ( N = 24) did not. The onset of hand-foot syndrome symptoms varied depending on the patient. Most patients (60%) displayed grade-one symptoms in their third cycle. The remaining patients showed grade-one symptoms in cycle one (3.75%), cycle two (17.5%), and cycle four (18.75%). The study also showed t no association between the incidence of hand-foot syndrome and the type of regimen.

Conclusion

The majority of the patients suffered from hand-foot syndrome. As well, most of the patients were afflicted by grade one hand-foot syndrome.
Transcriptome Analysis of Choroidal Endothelium Links Androgen Receptor Role to Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
Authors: Künzel Sandrine H , Pohlmann Dominika , Bonsen Lynn zur , Krappitz Matteus , Zeitz Oliver , Joussen Antonia M , Dubrac Alexandre , Künzel Steffen E
Published: January 2024

Background

Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSCR) manifests as fluid accumulation between the neurosensory retina and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Elevated levels of steroid hormones have been implicated in CSCR pathogenesis. This investigation aims to delineate the gene expression patterns of CSCR-associated risk and steroid receptors across human choroidal cell types and RPE cells to discern potential underlying mechanisms.

Methods

This study utilized a comprehensive query of transcriptomic data derived from non-pathological human choroid and RPE cells.

Findings

CSCR-associated genes such as PTPRB, CFH, and others are predominantly expressed in the choroidal endothelium as opposed to the RPE. The androgen receptor, encoded by the AR gene, demonstrates heightened expression in the macular endothelium compared to peripheral regions, unlike other steroid receptor genes. AR-expressing endothelial cells display an augmented responsiveness to Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), indicating a propensity towards endothelial to mesenchymal transition (endMT) transcriptional profiling.

Interpretation

These results highlight the proclivity of CSCR to manifest primarily within the choroidal vasculature rather than the RPE, suggesting its categorization as a vascular eye disorder. This study accentuates the pivotal role of androgenic steroids, in addition to glucocorticoids. The observed linkage to TGF-β-mediated endMT provides a potential mechanistic insight into the disease's etiology.
What skills do hospitality executives need for better financial outcomes from internationalization?
Authors: Song Sujin , Park Sungbeen , Lee Seoki
Published: January 2024

This study examines how characteristics of top executives moderate the effect of internationalization on hospitality firms’ performance. Using US publicly-traded hospitality firms, this study conducts hierarchical linear modeling to investigate how executives’ functional background and operating ability influence the relationship between internationalization and financial outcomes. Findings of this study indicate that the functional background and operating ability of top executives significantly affect internationalization’s impact on firm performance. This study also reveals different measurements of internationalization and a firm’s financial performance matter for the relationship of interest. Considering the lack of research on the moderating effects of hospitality executives’ characteristics and how they connect to internationalization and firm performance, this study bridges this gap in the literature.
Audience engagement in data-driven journalism: Patterns in participatory practices across 34 countries
Authors: Martin Jason A , Camaj Lindita , Lanosga Gerry
Published: January 2024

This study explores what motivates data journalists to engage with audiences and their strategies for incorporating audiences into their work. Building on scholarship on audience engagement and participatory journalism, we investigate how data journalists perceive the role of audience; the stage of the reporting process at which the audience is engaged; and how optimistically or sceptically data journalists view the audience’s capacity to contribute to the data journalism reporting process. Using a news media logics theoretical framework, we find data journalists are primarily motivated by a mixture of professional and audience logics The mixture of these logics aligns with their goals to establish institutional identity and legitimization in society, but increasingly data journalists also emphasise hopes for greater authentic participation from their audiences across the reporting process. Analysis of data gathered from in-depth interviews with data journalists from 34 countries provides a better and broader empirical context for explanation of data journalists’ goals for audience engagement, the tools they use to connect with audiences, and the degree to which those goals are met. Our findings contribute to a clearer explanation of audience engagement motivations and strategies in data journalism and the similarities that emerge across a broad geographic array of data journalism work. With a focus on crowdsourcing, data disclosure, interactivity, and news dissemination as forms of audience engagement, we synthesise a portrait of attitudes about audience engagement from the data journalist’s perspective and highlight global similarities.
Outcomes Associated with Adolescent Dating and Sexual Violence Victimization: A Systematic Review of School-Based Literature
Authors: Woolweaver Ashley B. , Abu Khalaf Nadin , Espelage Dorothy L. , Zhou Ziyi , Reynoso Marmolejos Roslyn , Calnan Mary , Mirsen Rachel
Published: January 2024

Dating and sexual violence (DSV) is a common occurrence among school aged youth and has been associated with numerous harmful long-term outcomes. The goal of this article is to better understand the range of outcomes associated with DSV during youth and adolescence. This systematic review consists of 28 school-based studies from 20 journals discussing outcomes of youth experiences of DSV. Results demonstrate significant associations between DSV victimization and mental health symptoms, substance use, sexual health, academic, and social outcomes. To better understand this issue, this article recommends that schools offer additional training for staff on recognizing DSV. Additionally, improved research is needed in this area including surveys that are inclusive of diverse student identities and include more comprehensive measures of DSV, and additional research on DSV explicitly focused on minoritized groups.
Disseminating Community-Engaged Research Involving People Experiencing Homelessness and Diabetes Using Participatory Theater
Authors: Sekar Preethiya , Ward Maren , Gust Susan , Ford Becky R. , Franco Moncies , Adair Edward , Bryant Annette , Ngwu Denita , Cole Jonathan M. , Brito Lelis , Barnes Marcia , Robinson Tahiti , Anderson-Campbell Ali ‘Cia , Gray Joel , Ouray Esther , Carr Alphonse , Vickery Katherine Diaz
Published: January 2024

People experiencing homelessness balance competing priorities resulting in reduced capacity to meet the care demands of chronic conditions, including Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Arts-based performances present an avenue to expose others to these challenges. This article describes the process of incorporating qualitative research findings in a community-based participatory theater production to expose audiences to the day-to-day realities of living with T2DM while simultaneously experiencing homelessness. We conducted five focus groups and two individual interviews with people living with T2DM who had experienced homelessness with guidance from a community-engaged research team. We then collaborated with a local theater company to present common themes from these focus groups in a co-created play about the experience of managing T2DM while being homeless. We performed a staged reading of the play and assessed audience members’ perceived stigma through a pre- and post-survey to determine if audience engagement within our theatrical production could reduce stigma toward individuals living with diabetes and/or people experiencing homelessness. This theatrical production is titled “Life Heist: Stealing Hope While Surviving Diabetes and Homelessness.” Our work illustrates the feasibility and effectiveness of using participatory theater to disseminate qualitative research findings.
Local Ethics and Conflicts of Interest: Living Between Bottom-Up from Top-Down Peace in Provincial Egypt
Authors: Friesen Isaac
Published: January 2024

This article proposes and explores a fundamental difference between top-down and bottom-up understandings of peace and conflict. Set in the provincial Egyptian city of Beni Suef, the article first examines three major contemporary conflicts (revolutionary conflict, sectarian conflict, and economic conflict), which have most colored my interlocutors’ lives. Next, the article employs ethnographic data collected in Beni Suef between 2011 and 2018 in order to investigate how ordinary Egyptians have experienced the different conflicts in their day-to-day lives. I argue that, while the structural conflicts that most shape life in provincial Egypt are driven by overarching geopolitical, political, and economic interests, the majority of my interlocutors’ everyday lives centered on local ethics. The basic divergence between top-down interests and local ethics, I conclude, explains the inherent lack of scalability and inescapable disconnect between top-down and bottom-up approaches to peace and conflict.
Innovative circular practices integrating business model for textile industry
Authors: Oliveira Neto Geraldo Cardoso de , Santos Renato Alessandro Rocha , Pinto Luiz Fernando Rodrigues , Flausino Fábio R , Oliveira Douglas Eldo Pereira de , Seri Maiara Navarro
Published: January 2024

Circular economy embedded in business models have gained prominence in scientific research, as they describe strategies to create, capture, and deliver value. Despite the increase of studies on this topic, there is a lack of integration of the several circular business model practices in the literature, which hinders the circularity of products effectively. Then, this paper proposes a model that integrates circular business model practices in the textile industry. The method consisted of bibliometric and systematic literature review and Delphi. The result was the integrative business model of 27 circular practices for the textile industry. The theoretical contribution was to structure a business model not yet found in the literature. From the management perspective, the model can support the decision-making in textile industry aiming to recover resources. Other contribution, the model proposes ways to reduce the extraction of new resources, which preserves the environment and improves the lives of people.
“Everything has changed since COVID”: Ongoing challenges faced by Canadian adults with intellectual disabilities during waves 2 and 3 of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Safar Yousef , Formuli Fatima , Volpe Tiziana , St John Laura , Lunsky Yona
Published: January 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the lives of people with intellectual disabilities in many ways, impacting their health and wellbeing. Early in the pandemic, the research team delivered a six-week virtual group-based program to help Canadian adults with intellectual disabilities cope and better manage their mental health. The study's objective was to explore ongoing concerns among individuals with intellectual disabilities following their participation in this education and support program. Thematic analysis was used to analyze participant feedback provided eight weeks after course completion. Twenty-four participants were interviewed in January 2021 and May 2021 across two cycles of the course. Three themes emerged: 1) employment and financial challenges; 2) navigating changes and ongoing restrictions; and 3) vaccine anticipation and experience. These findings suggest that despite benefiting from the program, participants continued to experience pandemic-related challenges in 2021, emphasising the need to continually engage people with intellectual disabilities.
It’s the robots, stupid? Automation risk, labour market resources and incumbent support in Europe
Authors: Van Overbeke Toon
Published: January 2024

As automation challenges labour markets across Europe, research in political science is pointing towards the socially corrosive link between such technological change and political dissatisfaction. In this paper, I extend this research agenda by looking at the relation between automation risk and incumbent support in 20 European countries between 2012 and 2018. I find strong support for the notion that workers with substantial exposure to automation risk are more likely to reject governments at the ballot box. Importantly, however, these findings indicate that this anti-incumbent voting is less prevalent among theoretically at-risk workers who enjoy some level of protection, in the form of permanent contracts, co-determination rights or higher educational attainment. As such, this paper argues that technological occupation risk should be seen as feeding into broader labour market risks faced by voters.
Personalized and longitudinal electronic informed consent in clinical trials: How to move the needle?
Authors: De Sutter Evelien , Barbier Liese , Borry Pascal , Geerts David , Ioannidis John P.A. , Huys Isabelle
Published: January 2024

Changes in the clinical trials landscape have been driven by advancements in digital technology. The use of electronic informed consent to inform research participants and to obtain their consent electronically has the potential to improve participant–researcher interactions over time, facilitate clinical trial participation, and increase efficiency in clinical trial conduct. A personalized electronic informed consent platform that enables long-term interactions with the research team could function as a tool to empower participant engagement in clinical trials. However, significant challenges persist impeding successful and widespread implementation. This Perspective provides insights into the opportunities and challenges for the implementation of electronic informed consent in clinical trials. It sets out key recommendations to promote the implementation of this innovative approach to the informed consent process, including the creation of uniform electronic informed consent platforms at regional and national level.
Family-centered Music Therapy as Procedural Support in the Pediatric Outpatient Unit: A Mixed Methods Pilot Study
Authors: Silberstein Aviva Katzeff , Ligård Emmy , Edlund Sara M. , Ullsten Alexandra
Published: January 2024

Needle procedures are one of the most common reasons for children to visit hospitals. If unaddressed, negative needle experiences can worsen over time and lead to needle noncompliance, needle fears, and healthcare avoidance. This mixed methods pilot study tested the effect of combined music therapy and standard pharmacological care compared to standard care alone on fear and discomfort in children in connection to a scheduled needle procedure. Children and their parents were also interviewed on their general experience of music therapy and how they regulated fear and discomfort during needle procedures while participating in music therapy. Thirty children aged 0 to 15 and their parents were recruited at the pediatric outpatient unit at The Central Hospital in Karlstad, Sweden. The participants were randomized to an intervention group with music therapy and to a control group that received standard care alone. The children rated their fear and discomfort before, during and after a needle procedure on a child-friendly visual analogue scale. The children and parents who were randomized to the music therapy condition were interviewed about their experiences of music therapy as procedural support. No significant differences between the intervention group and the group with standard care alone were found, indicating that the two groups were equivalent with regard to experienced fear and discomfort. The content analysis of the interviews indicated that the children and their parents considered that the music therapy intervention promoted the participants’ emotion regulation, promoted adaptive coping strategies for both children and the parents, and favorably but also ambivalently affected the context and interactions in the procedural room.
Hybrid Thrombectomy and Central Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Massive Pulmonary Embolism in a Child
Authors: Hampton Gray W. , Sorabella Robert A. , Law Mark , Padilla Luz A. , Byrnes Jonathan W. , Dabal Robert J. , Clark Matthew G.
Published: January 2024

We describe a hybrid thrombectomy and central extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for a child in cardiogenic shock due to a massive pulmonary embolism.
Aortic Origin of a Branch Pulmonary Artery: Early and Mid-Term Single Center Outcomes
Authors: Patel Herin , Malhotra Pulkit , Patel Kartik , Patel Mrinal , Gajjar Trushar , Mishra Amit , Sheth Megha
Published: January 2024

Background

Anomalous origin of pulmonary artery (AOPA) is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly. It requires early surgical intervention (<6 months) to prevent irreversible pulmonary vaso-occlusive disease. This study was conducted to determine the surgical outcomes of this rare and intriguing anomaly.

Methods

From January 2015 to 2022, we have studied, 20 patients who underwent surgical correction for this anomaly with a mean age of 6.25 ± 3.7 months. There were 12 patients of <6 months of age. Their preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data were collected. They were followed up at every three months for the first year, every six months for two years, and then annually.

Results

Among three early mortalities, two were operated before six months of age and one was older than six months (ten months). Those patients presented after six months had longer ventilation time ( P = .001). There was no difference in their pulmonary artery pressure ( P = .06), right ventricle systolic pressure (RVSP) ( P = .85), postoperative saturation ( P = .51), inotropic score ( P = .06), hospital and intensive care unit stay ( P > .05), or mortality ( P = .79). There was no late mortality at mean follow-up of 51.31 ± 20.27 months with Kaplan-Meier survival of 85% at 1, 5, and ten years. All patients were asymptomatic, with normal biventricular function and RVSP. One patient required balloon dilatation of the anastomotic site, with Kaplan-Meier event-free survival of 100% at one year, 92% at five and ten years.

Conclusion

Surgical correction of AOPA in patients beyond six months is still feasible with a higher early morbidity and comparable mortality with good clinical and echocardiographical outcomes at mid-term follow-up.
Continuity and Change of Folklore among Irulas of Kerala: Discourse Analysis of Tribal Folk Songs from the South Indian State of India
Authors: Sreehari K R  , Kasi Eswarappa
Published: January 2024

This article focuses on an interpretive approach to interpret the lyrics of Irulas of Attapadi, Kerala, India. India is a country that has a rich diversity of culture and folklore. Folklore occupied a pivotal place in the life and culture of people in India. Most of the tribal communities have their folk forms and songs. The knowledge and life experiences related to nature, myth, history, morals, rituals, taboos, etc, are conveyed through these songs. An attempt is made in the article to interpret the lyrics of Irula songs which they believe that the soul of the song lies in the lyrics. Further, an ethnographic attempt is made in the article to explore and analyse the lyrics of folk songs of the Irulas, how Irula maintained the bond with nature, through folklore tradition and to enquire what the contemporary existence, continuity and change of this folkloric tradition on the life and lore of Irula tribe of Kerala by using discourse analysis. For this article, we used both primary and secondary sources of data.
The influence of climate resilience governmentality on vulnerability in regional Australia
Authors: Jackson Guy
Published: January 2024

Australia is already experiencing climate change losses and damages. Australian governments and other institutional actors acknowledge vulnerability, yet they centre building resilience to climate change. Resilience is frequently used as a synonym for vulnerability reduction, but important ideological differences exist. Indeed, scholars have suggested that resilience, as a politico-ideological tool of subject formation, can be considered a type of governmentality. While there is much research on the political and ideological dimensions of resilience, there is less focus on illuminating how resilience, as a form of climate governmentality, interacts with vulnerability to climate change. Drawing on a climate ethnography in regional Australia, I ask how do resilience discourses and interventions influence vulnerability to climate change in regional Australia? To answer this question, I explore examples of the historical–structural, intersectional and psychosocial determinants of vulnerability, identify key resilience discourses and interventions and examine how, what I term, climate resilience governmentality is influencing vulnerability to climate change. Unable to identify clear causality, I instead show how resilience governmentality is working to reinforce rather than redress the root causes of vulnerability in regional Australia. I observe that resilience discourses emphasise shared responsibility, but in practice, this translates into a focus on individual capacities. Subjects’ psychological dispositions are targeted and neoliberal rationalities are desired outcomes. Climate resilience governmentality is not linked to a withdrawal of the state. Instead, it is a top-down process based on government prioritisation, subject formation strategies and the building of non-governmental institutional landscapes to provide services. I argue that climate resilience governmentality is a form of governmental gaslighting because it denies the lived experiences of precarity, insecurity and structural violence throughout regional Australia. I suggest that significant government investment in regional communities, critical societal reflection and truth-telling are urgently needed to reduce vulnerability in regional Australia.
Transcriptome analysis reveals the potential mechanism of the response to scale insects in Camellia sasanqua Thunb
Authors: Zhang Hongye , Wang Xubo , Yang Ziyun , Bai Yan , Chen Longqing , Wu Tian
Published: January 2024

Background

Camellia sasanqua Thunb. is an essential woody ornamental plant. Our continuous observation found that scale insects often infest C. sasanqua all year round in Kunming, China, resulting in poor growth. Scientifically preventing and controlling the infestation of scale insects should be paid attention to, and the mechanism of scale insects influencing C. sasanqua should be used as the research basis.

Results

The scale insect was identified as Pseudaulacaspis sasakawai Takagi. We analyzed transcriptome sequencing data from leaves of C. sasanqua infested with scale insects. A total of 1320 genes were either up-regulated or down-regulated and differed significantly in response to scale insects. GO (Gene Ontology) annotation analysis showed that the pathway of catalytic activity, binding, membrane part, cell part, and cellular process were affected. KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway analysis showed that most DEGs (differentially expressed genes) involved in plant hormone signal transduction, MAPK signaling pathway, flavonoid biosynthesis, tropane, piperidine and pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis. We also observed that the expression of galactose metabolism and carotenoid biosynthesis were significantly influenced. In addition, qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time PCR) validated the expression patterns of DEGs, which showed an excellent agreement with the transcriptome sequencing.

Conclusions

Our transcriptomic analysis revealed that the C. sasanqua had an intricate resistance strategy to cope with scale insect attacks. After sensing the attack signal of scale insects, C. sasanqua activated the early signal MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) to activate further transcription factors and Auxin, ET, JA, ABA, and other plant hormone signaling pathways, ultimately leading to the accumulation of lignin, scopolin, flavonoids and other secondary metabolites, produces direct and indirect resistance to scale insects. Our results suggested that it provided some potential resources of defense genes that would benefit the following resistance breeding in C. sasanqua to scale insects.
The knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours of pregnant women regarding seafood consumption during the antenatal period: a qualitative study
Authors: Shine Danielle , Siriwardana Heshani , Minehan Michelle , Takito Monica Yuri , Jani Rati , Knight-Agarwal Catherine R.
Published: January 2024

Background

Maternal nutrition impacts fetal growth and development. The Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) guidelines recommend pregnant women consume 2–3 servings (224–336 g) of fish/seafood per week to support intake of long chain omega 3 fatty acids, given adequate consumption supports numerous health benefits including reduced risk of preterm and early preterm birth. Evidence indicates that pregnant women purposely lower their fish/seafood intake, largely due to fears of methylmercury exposure. The aim of this study was to explore pregnant women’s knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours regarding their fish/seafood consumption during the antenatal period.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews were conducted between October 2018 and December 2020 among a purposive sample of 12 pregnant women from the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using an interpretative phenomenological approach. Themes were developed on the women’s lived experience related to fish/seafood knowledge, attitudes, and consumption behaviour.

Results

The most prominent finding was widespread non-adherence to fish/seafood consumption guidelines. This was largely owing to a lack of proactive health promotion related to the health benefits of fish/seafood throughout pregnancy, including the health promoting roles of long chain omega 3 fatty acids for fetal growth and development. Three themes were identified: nutrition knowledge; sources of health promotion; and barriers and enablers to fish/seafood consumption.

Conclusions

To support adequate maternal consumption of fish/seafood throughout pregnancy, emphasis should be placed on the benefits of consuming this food group regularly. Additionally, pregnant women should receive education about the health promoting role of long chain omega 3 fatty acids. Dietitians are well placed to provide this information.
Long-term follow-up of neuropsychological complications in neonates undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jiang Shouliang , Yan Ping , Wang Hua , Tang Jun , Mu Dezhi
Published: January 2024

Background

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been widely used in severe neonatal diseases for approximately 50 years, while few studies have concentrated on the long-term follow-up of its neuropsychological development.

Objective

To assess the long-term neuropsychological complications in children who underwent ECMO in infancy.

Methods

The PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases were searched for retrieving studies published in the recent 10 years (until June 10, 2022). All studies were eligible that concentrated on the long-term follow-up of neuropsychological complications in neonates undergoing ECMO. Excluding animal studies, neonates with congenital craniocerebral dysplasia and studies with data from the same center performed at different times. Statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 and Stata/SE 12.0 software. A random-effects model was used to report results. The sensitivity analysis was utilized to identify sources of heterogeneity.

Results

The meta-analysis of 10 studies that enrolled 1199 patients was conducted, showing the pooled morbidity of intelligence (pooled morbidity: 20.3%, 95% CI: 0.16-0.25, I2: 9.5%, P=0.33), motor activity (pooled morbidity: 10.3%, 95%CI: 0.07-0.14, I2: 43.5%, P=0.15), learning (pooled morbidity: 9.0%, 95%CI: -0.03-0.21, I2: 63.2%, P=0.10), hearing (pooled morbidity: 15.7%, 95%CI: 0.02-0.29, I2: 94.2%, P=0.00), vision (pooled morbidity: 18.5%, 95%CI: 0.12-0.25, I2: 0%, P=0.46), cognition (pooled morbidity: 26.3%, 95%CI: 0.19-0.34, I2: 0%, P=0.32), attention (pooled morbidity: 7.4%, 95%CI: 0.02-0.13, I2: 38.9%, P=0.20), speed in attention (pooled morbidity: 69.9%, 95%CI: 0.62-0.78), and accuracy in attention (pooled morbidity: 39.0%, 95%CI: 0.30-0.48) in neonates undergoing ECMO. The results of the Begg's test and sensitivity analysis indicated that the heterogeneity was originated from factors other than sample size.

Conclusion

This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that neonates undergoing ECMO were associated with various neuropsychological complications. Additional randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with a larger sample size and a higher quality are needed.
Health-promoting behaviors in older adulthood and intrinsic capacity 10 years later: the HUNT study
Authors: Angelsen Aslaug , Nakrem Sigrid , Zotcheva Ekaterina , Strand Bjørn Heine , Strand Linn Beate
Published: January 2024

Background

With the global population growing older, there is a need for more knowledge of how to improve and/or maintain functional capacities to promote healthy ageing. In this study we aimed to assess the effect of several known health-promoting behaviors in old age with intrinsic capacity ten years later.

Methods

This was a prospective cohort study looking at participants that were ≥ 65 years at the time of the third wave of the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT3, 2006–2008) who also took part in the 70 + sub-study of the fourth wave (HUNT4 70+, 2017–2019). Self-reported behavior data from short questionnaires, including diet and physical activity, were collected in HUNT3, and data on the five domains of intrinsic capacity defined by the World Health Organization were collected in HUNT4 70+. A composite index was created for both healthy life and intrinsic capacity, awarding points for how well participants adhered to guidelines for healthy living and their level of functional impairment, respectively. Ordinal logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between health-promoting behaviors and intrinsic capacity.

Results

Of 12,361 participants in HUNT3 ≥ 65 years, 4699 (56.5% women) also participated in HUNT4 70+. On the health-promoting behaviors, lowest adherence to healthy living guidelines were seen for fruit and vegetables intake (47.2%), milk intake (46.7%) and physical activity (31.1%). On intrinsic capacity domains, highest impairment was seen in the domains of locomotion (29.7%), hearing (11.1%) and vitality (8.3%). A higher adherence to guidelines for healthy living was associated with higher intrinsic capacity 10 years later. A one-point increase in the healthy life index was associated with a 1.15 (95% confidence interval 1.10–1.21) times increased odds of being in a higher intrinsic capacity category.

Conclusion

Health-promoting behaviors in old age are associated with better intrinsic capacity ten years later. In clinical settings assessment of health-promoting behaviors could potentially be done using short questionnaires.
A social media analysis of patient-perceived complications following periacetabular osteotomy (PAO): a retrospective observational study
Authors: Laboret Bretton , Bialaszewski Ryan , Gaddis John , Middleton Emily , Kendall Brittany , Lynch Katie , Stewart Adina , Wells Joel
Published: January 2024

Background

Social media is a popular resource for patients seeking medical information and sharing experiences. Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is an accepted treatment for symptomatic acetabular dysplasia with a low published complication profile in specialty centers. Little is known regarding patient reporting of complications on social media following PAO. The purpose of this study was to describe the patient-perceived complications of PAO posted on social media and analyze how additional factors (postoperative timeframe, concomitant surgery) correlate with these complication posts.

Methods

Facebook and Instagram were queried from 02/01/18–02/01/23; Twitter was searched over an extended range back to 02/01/11. Facebook posts (1054) were collected from the two most populated interest groups; “Periacetabular Osteotomy” and “PAO Australia.” Instagram posts (1003) and Tweets (502) were found using the same five most popular hashtags: #PAOwarrior, #periacetabularosteotomy, #periacetabularosteotomysurgery, #PAOsurgery, and #PAOrecovery. Posts were assessed for demographic data, perspective, timing (early postoperative or late postoperative), additional surgeries, type of complication, and post engagement.

Results

Facebook posts (1054), Instagram posts (1003), and Tweets (502) were assessed; 13.6% of posts included a complication. The majority of complications were reported > 6 months postoperatively with excessive pain being the most common complication (57.2%), including chronic pain (41.8%), acute pain (6.7%), and nerve pain (8.8%). Bony complications (6.7%), neurologic/psychiatric complications (3.8%), swelling (1.7%), infection (1.4%), other specified complications (16.2%), and unspecified complications (10.2%) were reported. Complication posts were found to be correlated with postoperative timeframe and concomitant surgery. Post engagement decreased in complication-related posts.

Conclusions

Few patients posted a perceived complication associated with PAO surgery. Of those who did, the majority reported unmanageable pain during the late postoperative period. Posts including a perceived complication were found to be positively correlated with postoperative timeframe and negatively correlated with concomitant surgery. This study found a higher pain complication rate, but a lower overall complication rate compared to prior studies. Considering the social media reported complications of PAO patients in addition to traditional outcome measures reveals which aspects of postoperative recovery are most important to patients themselves.
Predictors of social intermediate factors associated with sexual quality of life of women: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bagherinia Marzieh , Dolatian Mahrokh , Mahmoodi Zoherh , Ozgoli Giti , Alavi Majd Hamid
Published: January 2024

Background

Sexual problems and diminished sexual quality of life can adversely affect the physical, psychological, and emotional health of women. The present study was done to determine the social intermediate factors of health associated with sexual quality of life in women of reproductive age.

Design

Systematic review and Meta-analysis.

Data sources

Embase, Web of Science, PubMed/Medline (NLM), ProQuest, and CENTRAL.

Eligibility criteria

Observational studies (cross-sectional, case-control, cohort) from 2010 to 2022 with no language constraints were included. The sexual quality of life, as the main variable of the study, has been evaluated using Symonds women’s sexual quality of life scale (SQOL-F). The health social determinants intermediate factors based on WHO model were considered as exposure variables.

Data extraction and synthesis

The data of included studies were extracted by two independent persons through a researcher-made checklist according to the study aims. Quality assessment of studies was done using Newcastle-Ottawa instrument. R software (Version R-4.2.1) were used for meta-analysis. Publication bias was evaluated by Egger & Begg tests. Sensitivity analysis was done through one-out remove approach.

Results

Eventually, 15 studies were eligible to be included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Variables of depression, quality of marital relation, body image, self-esteem, physical activity, and sexual function were among the health social intermediate factors associated with sexual quality of life. Publication bias had no effect on the obtained results; no study affecting the results was found through sensitivity analysis.

Conclusion

Considering the relationship between modifiable factors and sexual quality of life, it seems that identification of these factors can be an important step towards designing interventional studies to help women experience enhanced sexual quality of life.
Improved prostate cancer diagnosis using a modified ResNet50-based deep learning architecture
Authors: Talaat Fatma M. , El-Sappagh Shaker , Alnowaiser Khaled , Hassan Esraa
Published: January 2024

Prostate cancer, the most common cancer in men, is influenced by age, family history, genetics, and lifestyle factors. Early detection of prostate cancer using screening methods improves outcomes, but the balance between overdiagnosis and early detection remains debated. Using Deep Learning (DL) algorithms for prostate cancer detection offers a promising solution for accurate and efficient diagnosis, particularly in cases where prostate imaging is challenging. In this paper, we propose a Prostate Cancer Detection Model (PCDM) model for the automatic diagnosis of prostate cancer. It proves its clinical applicability to aid in the early detection and management of prostate cancer in real-world healthcare environments. The PCDM model is a modified ResNet50-based architecture that integrates faster R-CNN and dual optimizers to improve the performance of the detection process. The model is trained on a large dataset of annotated medical images, and the experimental results show that the proposed model outperforms both ResNet50 and VGG19 architectures. Specifically, the proposed model achieves high sensitivity, specificity, precision, and accuracy rates of 97.40%, 97.09%, 97.56%, and 95.24%, respectively.
Association between postoperative pathological results and non-sentinel nodal metastasis in breast cancer patients with sentinel lymph node-positive breast cancer
Authors: Dong Lingguang , Wei Suosu , Huang Zhen , Liu Fei , Xie Yujie , Wei Jing , Mo Chongde , Qin Shengpeng , Zou Quanqing , Yang Jianrong
Published: January 2024

Objective

For patients with 1–2 positive sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) identified by biopsy, the necessity of axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) remains a matter of debate. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the association between postoperative pathological factors and non-sentinel lymph node (NSLN) metastases in Chinese patients diagnosed with sentinel node-positive breast cancer.

Methods

This research involved a total of 280 individuals with SLN-positive breast cancer. The relationship between postoperative pathological variables and non-sentinel lymph node metastases was scrutinized using univariate, multivariate, and stratified analysis.

Results

Among the 280 patients with a complete count of SLN positives, 126 (45.0%) exhibited NSLN metastasis. Within this group, 45 cases (35.71%) had 1 SLN positive, while 81 cases (64.29%) demonstrated more than 1 SLN positive. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that HER2 expression status (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.10–4.60, P = 0.0269), LVI (OR 6.08, 95% CI 3.31–11.14, P < 0.0001), and the number of positive SLNs (OR 4.17, 95% CI 2.35–7.42, P < 0.0001) were positively correlated with NSLNM.

Conclusion

In our investigation, the risk variables for NSLN metastasis included LVI, HER2 expression, and the quantity of positive sentinel lymph nodes. However, further validation is imperative, including this institution, distinct institutions, and diverse patient populations.