bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Collaborative aspects of nature-based solutions: strategies, plans, programs, policies, projects
Authors: Mitincu Cristina-Gabriela , iojă Ioan-Cristian , Hossu Constantina-Alina , Niță Mihai-Răzvan , Niță Andreea
Published: March 2021

The integrated approach of sustainable development refers to addressing complex challenges by combining knowledge from various environmental and planning fields. Thus, nature-based solutions (NbS) are a category of new tools that can help cities increase their resilience and sustainability. They represent those actions inspired, supported or copied from nature, which have a high potential to be energy efficient and to use natural resources, as well as promote multi-functionality and connectivity between green infrastructure and built-up areas. To achieve their purpose NbS have to be developed and managed in collaborative ways. The strategies, plans, programs, policies and projects developed at European and international level have led to the consolidation, at least from a theoretical perspective, of the significance and role of NbS in urban areas. Thus, this study aims to identify the way these documents are directed towards sustainability and innovative solutions (such as NbS), with emphasis on the collaborative approaches for NbS. Our preliminary results indicate that most of the international and European documents specify that the economic development needs to be achieved in close connection with increasing urban sustainability, based on sustainable investments such as green infrastructures or NbS. Furthermore, under the guidance of these documents, the international institutions, research experts and decision makers seek collaboration with city representatives in order to integrate the benefits generated by such sustainable investments. Among the analyzed documents, the new 2030 Urban Agenda and its Sustainable Development Goals, reveal the need for participatory approaches to reach consensus about sustainable development. Other important international and European documents directed towards sustainability and NbS are Urban Water Agenda 2030, New Urban Agenda – Habitat III or 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. So, NbS represent a support in the efficient use of resources in order to promote urban development in concordance with the economic growth, participatory planning and guvernance, environmental policy, social cohesion and justice, public health and quality of life, environment protection.
Effects of dominant moss species on shrub growth and xylem anatomy along a precipitation gradient in the subarctic tundra
Authors: Anadon-Rosell Alba , Michelsen Anders , Lett Signe , Dorrepaal Ellen , von Arx Georg , Tumajer Jan , Wilmking Martin
Published: March 2021

In the tundra, bryophytes may be the dominant growth form covering the soil surface of shrub communities. They can modulate soil conditions through their capacity to retain moisture and nutrients and their chemical characteristics. The study of the interaction between shrubs and bryophytes is essential to understand the functioning of these shrub communities, which are expanding due to global change. In this study, we collected Betula nana and Empetrum hermaphroditum ramets growing in moss carpets dominated by Hylocomium splendens, Pleurozium schreberi or Sphagnum spp., which differ in growth habit, density of their carpets and water holding capacity, amongst others. We sampled three ramets per site and moss species in eight locations distributed along a precipitation gradient (571-1155 mm/year) in the subarctic alpine tundra near Abisko, Sweden. To investigate structural and functional responses to the dominant moss species and precipitation regime, we prepared microscopic sections of the shrubs stem base and measured growth rings and xylem anatomical parameters (vessel lumen area, vessel density and grouping, and theoretical hydraulic conductivity). We also measured shrub leaf C and N concentration and isotope composition (δ13C, δ15N). To understand moss effects on soil characteristics along the precipitation gradient, we measured soil pH and water and nutrient content (nitrate, ammonium, phosphate, dissolved organic C and dissolved organic N). Preliminary results on shrub leaf physiology and soil characteristics show a significant interaction between moss species and the precipitation gradient, indicating that mosses modulate the effects of climate conditions on shrubs. We discuss the importance of moss species combined with the precipitation regime for the performance of tundra shrubs in the context of a changing climate.
Contrasting exhumation histories and relief development within the Three Rivers Region (south-east Tibet)
Authors: Ou Xiong , Replumaz Anne , van der Beek Peter
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The Three Rivers Region in south-east Tibet represents a transition
between the strongly deformed zone around the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis (EHS)
and the less deformed south-east Tibetan Plateau margin in Yunnan and
Sichuan. In this study, we compile and model published thermochronometric
ages for two massifs facing each other across the Mekong River in the core
of the Three Rivers Region (TRR), using the thermo-kinematic code Pecube to
constrain their exhumation and relief history. Modelling results for the
low-relief (< 600 m), moderate-elevation (∼ 4500 m)
Baima Xueshan massif, east of the Mekong River, suggest regional rock uplift
at a rate of 0.25 km/Myr since ∼ 10 Ma, following slow
exhumation at a rate of 0.01 km/Myr since at least 22 Ma. Estimated Mekong
River incision accounts for 30 % of the total exhumation since 10 Ma. We
interpret exhumation of the massif as a response to regional uplift around
the EHS and conclude that the low relief of the massif was acquired at high
elevation (> 4500 m), probably in part due to glacial
“buzzsaw-like” processes active at such high elevation and particularly
efficient during Quaternary glaciations. Exhumation of the Baima Xueshan is
significantly higher (2.5 km since ∼ 10 Ma) than that
estimated for the most emblematic low-relief “relict” surfaces of eastern
Tibet, where apatite (U–Th) / He (AHe) ages > 50 Ma imply only a
few hundreds of metres of exhumation since the onset of the India–Asia
collision. The low-relief Baima Xueshan massif, with its younger AHe ages
(< 50 Ma) that record significant rock uplift and exhumation, thus
cannot be classified as a relict surface. Modelling results for the
high-relief, high-elevation Kawagebo massif, to the west of the Mekong,
imply a similar contribution of Mekong River incision (25 %) to
exhumation but much stronger local rock uplift at a rate of 0.45 km/Myr
since at least 10 Ma, accelerating to 1.86 km/Myr since 1.6 Ma. We show that
the thermochronometric ages are best reproduced by a model of rock uplift on
a kinked westward-dipping thrust striking roughly parallel to the Mekong
River, with a steep shallow segment flattening out at depth. Thus, the
strong differences in elevation and relief of two massifs are linked to
variable exhumation histories due to strongly differing tectonic imprint.
THE MAIN CRITERIA FOR MASS RESIDENTIAL AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS IN RUSSIA ARE
THE TERMS OF THEIR OPERATION
Authors: Maslyaev A.V.
Published: March 2021

For the reason that approximately 95% of the population of Russia is located in urban and rural
settlements, therefore, the construction system of Russia should recognize the «construction of settlements» as its
main task. However, in federal laws and regulations of the Russian Federation construction content is not even
recognized as “capital construction objects”. Moreover, Federal Law No. 384-FZ does not even contain a record
that the individual buildings and structures considered in them are intended (not intended) for construction in the
territories of settlements. The article substantiates that mass residential and public buildings in order to protect the
life and health of people under the influence of hazardous natural phenomena should be erected only with the
maximum period of their operation.
Cognitive and social delays in the initiation of conversational repair
Authors: Mertens Julia Beret , De Ruiter J. P.
Published: March 2021

The exact timing of a conversational turn conveys important information to a listener. Most turns are initiated within 250ms after the previous turn. However, interlocutors take longer to initiate certain types of turns: those that either require more cognitive processing or are socially dispreferred. Many dispreferred turns are also cognitively demanding, so it is difficult to attribute specific conversational delays to social or cognitive mechanisms. In this paper, we evaluate the relative contribution of cognitive and social variables to the timing of utterances in conversation.
We focus on a type of turn that is socially dispreferred, cognitively demanding, and generally delayed: other-initiations of repair (OIRs). OIRs occur when a listener notices and decides to signal a comprehension problem (e.g., "What?"). We analyzed the Floor Transfer Offsets of 456 OIRs, and found that interlocutors initiated OIRs later when trouble sources had weaker discourse context or were shorter, and when the OIR was more face-threatening. Our results suggest that both cognitive and social variables contribute to the timing of delayed utterances in conversation. We discuss how attention, prediction, planning, and social preference manifest in the timing of turns.
Transformation of migration processes within Eurasian economic union: challenges and new opportunities
Authors: URAZYMBETOV Bauyrzhan
Published: March 2021

This paper examines the transformation of the migration process within the Eurasian Economic Union, taking into account legislative, statistical and managerial aspects. The study showed that, despite the positive development trends, the continuing imbalance within both economic and political indicators remains a serious internal challenge for the EEU.
Thus, the task of Eurasian integration is the effective economic development of the Union countries and increasing their competitiveness. It also is necessary to take effective measures aimed at unifying the migration legislation of the participating countries and creating a single labor market.
Phylogeography of two marine predators, giant trevally (Caranx ignobilis) and bluefin trevally (Caranx melampygus), across the Indo-Pacific
Authors: Glass Jessica R , Santos Scott R , Kauwe John SK , Pickett Brandon D
Published: March 2021

For economically valuable marine fishes, identifying biogeographic barriers and estimating the extent of gene flow are critical components of fisheries management. We examined the population genetic structure of two commercially important reef-associated predators, the giant trevally
( Caranx ignobilis) and bluefin trevally (Caranx melampygus). We sampled 225 individuals and 32,798 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of C. ignobilis, and 74 individuals and 43,299 SNPs of C. melampygus. Analyses of geographic population structure indicate
the two species display subtly different phylogeographic patterns. Caranx ignobilis comprises two to three putative populations—one in the Central Pacific, one inhabiting the Western Pacific and Eastern Indian oceans, and one in the Western Indian Ocean—with some restricted
gene flow between them. Caranx melampygus shows evidence of restricted gene flow from Hawaii to the West Pacific and Indian oceans, as well as limited genetic connectivity across the Indo- Pacific Barrier. Both species exhibit patterns characteristic of other large, reef-associated
predators such as deepwater snappers and the great barracuda. This study contributes to ongoing assessments of the role of the Indo-Pacific Barrier in shaping patterns of phylogeography for large reef-associated fishes. Furthermore, by identifying putative populations of C. ignobilis
and C. melampygus in the Central Pacific, our findings serve to improve future management measures for these economically important, data-limited species, particularly in light of historic and contemporary overfishing in Hawaii.
Measuring the Impact of Brazilian Transport Systems on the 2030 Agenda Goals
Authors: Meira Leonardo Herszon , Amorim Isabel Cristina de Oliveira Magalhaes , Oliveira Leise Kelli de , Falcao Viviane Adriano , Silva Francisco Gildemir Ferreira da
Published: March 2021

This paper aims to propose indicators to measure Brazilian transport systems' impact on meeting the 2030 Agenda and to analyze advances of Brazilian transport systems in terms of sustainable development over the last decade. The proposed indicators were based on a literature review and data availability. Time series data (2010-2019) were obtained to analyze the situation of Brazil. From 27 proposed indicators, only 12 showed some evolution based on the before-after method, relating to improvements in cleaner transport modes, such as railways and waterways, in exclusive lanes for public transport, and in improving active transport infrastructure. This scenario presents Brazil's challenges over the next ten years to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals proposed by the 2030 Agenda. Results reinforce the importance of the transport sector to contribute to the world's sustainable development. Therefore, this paper contributes to improving the analysis hereafter of this thematic.
Diseño de prácticas interculturales de enseñanza de las ciencias basado en evidencia
Authors: Tovar-Gálvez Julio César , Acher Andres
Published: March 2021

El profesorado de ciencias se enfrenta a aulas multiculturales, en las que coexisten la epistemología de las ciencias y las epistemologías tradicionales de las comunidades a las que pertenecen los estudiantes. Nuestro objetivo es apoyar al profesorado a la hora de establecer una relación incluyente entre dichas epistemologías, a través de un conjunto de prácticas interculturales de enseñanza de las ciencias (PIEC). Para diseñar las PIEC retomamos el puente epistemológico (PEp) que describe la relación de inclusión como el reconocimiento, validación y uso equitativo de las diversas epistemologías en el aula. Ponemos a prueba las PIEC. Los resultados muestran que la versión de PEp que el profesor participante llevó a la práctica, a través de las PIEC, es alternativa a lo propuesto. Dicha evidencia nos lleva a rediseñar las PIEC para guiar mejor al profesorado a la hora de planificar e implementar el PEp.
Naturaleza de la ciencia en un objeto virtual de aprendizaje para el profesorado de ciencias en formación
Authors: Berçot Filipe Faria , Revel Chion Andrea , Adúriz-Bravo Agustín
Published: March 2021

Nos propusimos validar un objeto virtual de aprendizaje (OVA) sobre un episodio de historia de la ciencia del siglo XVIII para enseñar naturaleza de la ciencia (NOS). La aplicación del OVA en formación de profesorado permitió su evaluación en contexto. El episodio histórico elegido concernió los estudios del naturalista Charles Bonnet, que construyó argumentos en favor de la idea de reproducción asexual en animales. Desarrollamos el OVA como sitio web, guiados por presupuestos teóricos sobre el uso de narrativas en la educación científica; elaboramos una «historia de la ciencia» con textos breves y material de fuentes primarias. En la narrativa intercalamos indagaciones basadas en problemas auténticos para abordar la NOS. El análisis de la aplicación del OVA con futuros profesores de biología evidenció resultados positivos en términos de la identificación de algunas «ideas clave» de NOS.
The Utility of HACOR Score in Predicting Failure of High-Flow Nasal Oxygen in Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure
Authors: Magdy Doaa , Metwally Ahmed
Published: March 2021

Objectives: To assess the diagnostic performance of HACOR scoring system using bedside variables and to predict failure of HFNO in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF). Material and methods: 150 patients with AHRF who were receiving HFNO were enrolled in this study; to predict HFNO treatment failure. A scoring scale (HACOR score) consisted of Heart rate (beats/minute), acidosis (assessed by pH), consciousness (assessed by Glasgow coma score), oxygenation, and respiratory rate. Failure was defined as the need for intubation or death. Results: Patients were analyzed according to the success or failure of HFNO. Total 150 patients, of which 100 (66.7%) had a successful treatment while 50 (33.3%) failed with such intervention. There was an improvement in HR and RR, and PaO₂/FiO₂ within the first hour (T1) in the success group and these parameters continued to improve even after 24 hours (T2) of HFNO treatment. Patients with HFNO failure had a higher HACOR score at initiation and after 1, 12, 24 and 48 hours. Before intubation, the highest value of the HACOR score was reached in the failure group. At 1h of HFNO assessment, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.86, showing good predictive power for failure. We found that HACOR score at a cutoff point > 6 had 81.2% sensitivity and 91% specificity, 92.5% positive predictive value, and 71.4% negative predictive value with a diagnostic accuracy was 85%. Furthermore, the overall diagnostic accuracy exceeded 87% when the HACOR score was assessed at 1, 12, 24 or 48 h of HFNO. Conclusions: The HACOR scale is a clinically useful bedside tool for the prediction of HFNO failure in hypoxemic patients. A HACOR score < 6 after 1 hour of HFNO highlights patients with < 85% risk of failure.
Comparison of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Tissue Acquisition Using a 20-Gauge Menghini Needle with a Lateral Forward Bevel and a 22-Gauge Franseen Needle: A Single-Center Large Cohort Study
Authors: Mie Takafumi , Sasaki Takashi , Kanata Ryo , Furukawa Takaaki , Takeda Tsuyoshi , Kasuga Akiyoshi , Matsuyama Masato , Ozaka Masato , Sasahira Naoki
Published: March 2021

Background/Aims: Several fine-needle biopsy (FNB) needles are available for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided tissue acquisition. However, there is disagreement on which type of needle has the best diagnostic yield. The aim of this study was to compare the performance and safety of two commonly used EUS-FNB needles.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients who underwent EUS-FNB between June 2016 and March 2020 in our hospital. Two types of needles were evaluated: a 20-gauge Menghini needle with a lateral forward bevel and a 22-gauge Franseen needle. Rapid on-site evaluation was performed in all the cases. A multivariate analysis was performed to clarify the negative predictive factors for obtaining a histological diagnosis. Propensity score matching was performed to compare the diagnostic yields of these two needles.Results: We analyzed 666 patients and 690 lesions. The overall diagnostic rate of histology alone was 88.8%, and the overall adverse event rate was 1.5%. Transduodenal access and small lesions (≤2 cm) were identified as negative predictive factors for obtaining a histological diagnosis. After propensity score matching, 482 lesions were analyzed. The diagnostic accuracy rates of histology in the M and F needle groups were 89.2% and 88.8%, respectively (p=1.00).Conclusions: Both the needles showed high diagnostic yield, and no significant difference in performance was observed between the two.
La organización territorial de Colombia. Una lectura a 30 años de la Constitución Política de 1991
Authors: Estupiñán Achury Lliliana
Published: March 2021

El pacto territorial de la Constitución Política de 1991 ha sido afectado por procesos de recentralización, exacerbación del sistema de gobierno presidencial y del Estado central en detrimento del precario principio de la autonomía propio de la adopción del modelo territorial unitario. Se observan algunos avances significativos en materia de descentralización política y administrativa, poco en materia fiscal. A treinta años de la Asamblea Nacional Constituyente de 1991, todo invita a una gran revisión constitucional del tema de la distribución del poder en el territorio y de la descentralización de la economíay las oportunidades en una geografía que sigue presa del conflicto, la ilegalidad, la corrupción y la desinstitucionalización. Barajar de nuevo en materia territorial se aproxima para el caso colombiano.
Josep Monleón: "Queremos ser el videoclub de toda la vida dentro del televisor"
Authors: Clares Gavilán Judith
Published: March 2021

En el marco del Posgrado en Distribución Audiovisual: VoD y Nuevos Modelos de Negocio que la UOC ha puesto en marcha conjuntamente con filmin este curso 2012-13, la profesora Judith Clares, su directora académica, ha entrevistado a los representantes de las principales empresas del sector del Video on Demand (VoD) que operan en España. Ésta es la primera parte de la entrevista mantenida con Josep Monleón, head of content de Wuaki.tv.
Emergence and diversification of a highly invasive chestnut pathogen lineage across southeastern Europe
Authors: Stauber Lea , Badet Thomas , Feurtey Alice , Prospero Simone , Croll Daniel
Published: March 2021

Invasive microbial species constitute a major threat to biodiversity, agricultural production and human health. Invasions are often dominated by one or a small number of genotypes, yet the underlying factors driving invasions are poorly understood. The chestnut blight fungusCryphonectria parasiticafirst decimated the North American chestnut, and a more recent outbreak threatens European chestnut stands. To unravel the chestnut blight invasion of southeastern Europe, we sequenced 230 genomes of predominantly European strains. Genotypes outside of the invasion zone showed high levels of diversity with evidence for frequent and ongoing recombination. The invasive lineage emerged from the highly diverse European genotype pool rather than a secondary introduction from Asia or North America. The expansion across southeastern Europe was mostly clonal and is dominated by a single mating type, suggesting a fitness advantage of asexual reproduction. Our findings show how an intermediary, highly diverse bridgehead population gave rise to an invasive, largely clonally expanding pathogen.
Design issues and solutions for stop-signal data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study
Authors: Bissett Patrick G , Hagen McKenzie P , Jones Henry M , Poldrack Russell A
Published: March 2021

The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study is an unprecedented longitudinal neuroimaging sample that tracks the brain development of over 9–10 year olds through adolescence. At the core of this study are the three tasks that are completed repeatedly within the MRI scanner, one of which is the stop-signal task. In analyzing the available stopping experimental code and data, we identified a set of design issues that we believe significantly compromise its value. These issues include but are not limited to variable stimulus durations that violate basic assumptions of dominant stopping models, trials in which stimuli are incorrectly not presented, and faulty stop-signal delays. We present eight issues, show their effect on the existing ABCD data, suggest prospective solutions including task changes for future data collection and preliminary computational models, and suggest retrospective solutions for data users who wish to make the most of the existing data.
Sushi domain-containing protein 4 controls synaptic plasticity and motor learning
Authors: González-Calvo Inés , Iyer Keerthana , Carquin Mélanie , Khayachi Anouar , Giuliani Fernando A , Sigoillot Séverine M , Vincent Jean , Séveno Martial , Veleanu Maxime , Tahraoui Sylvana , Albert Mélanie , Vigy Oana , Bosso-Lefèvre Célia , Nadjar Yann , Dumoulin Andréa , Triller Antoine , Bessereau Jean-Louis , Rondi-Reig Laure , Isope Philippe , Selimi Fekrije
Published: March 2021

Fine control of protein stoichiometry at synapses underlies brain function and plasticity. How proteostasis is controlled independently for each type of synaptic protein in a synapse-specific and activity-dependent manner remains unclear. Here, we show that Susd4, a gene coding for a complement-related transmembrane protein, is expressed by many neuronal populations starting at the time of synapse formation. Constitutive loss-of-function of Susd4 in the mouse impairs motor coordination adaptation and learning, prevents long-term depression at cerebellar synapses, and leads to misregulation of activity-dependent AMPA receptor subunit GluA2 degradation. We identified several proteins with known roles in the regulation of AMPA receptor turnover, in particular ubiquitin ligases of the NEDD4 subfamily, as SUSD4 binding partners. Our findings shed light on the potential role of SUSD4 mutations in neurodevelopmental diseases.
Individual Features in the Contemporary Polish Reportage: A Syntactic and Stylistic Study on the Basis of "Zabójca z miasta moreli: reportaże z Turcji" by Witold Szabłowski
Authors: Ostrowska Katarzyna Małgorzata
Published: March 2021

The article deals with the individual features of language in the contemporary Polish reportage based on the text Zabójca z miasta moreli: reportaże z Turcji by Witold Szabłowski. The author presents both the statistical analysis and the stylistic peculiarities of this reportage which received a prestigious Beata Pawlak Award in 2011 and contains important components characteristic for the journalistic style. The author uses the traditional syntactic model of Zenon Klemensiewicz and takes into consideration Stanisław Jodłowski’s research achievements. According to the postulates of Anna Wierzbicka, Maria Rachwałowa, Stanisław Mikołajczak, and Marek Ruszkowski, she selects a sample of 200 utterances which are examples of such narrative constructions that strongly indicate subjectivity. In her research, firstly, she conducts a detailed analysis of the syntactic and statistical features of Szabłowski's text in comparison with the style of the contemporary Polish reportage. Secondly, she draws attention to unique stylistic features indicating the reporting syntax. As a result, the author notices the following individual features of language in Zabójca z miasta moreli: reportaże z Turcji by Witold Szabłowski: 1) simple utterances and direct and indirect objects in the developed sentences, 2) developed clauses and adverbials, 3) objective hypotaxis, and 4) adverbial hypotaxis.
CAI – Narzędzia informatyczne wspierające tłumaczy konsekutywnych. Stan badań oraz perspektywy rozwoju
Authors: Sitkowski Krzysztof
Published: March 2021

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie CAI, czyli narzędzi informatycznych wspierających tłumacza w trakcie wykonywania tłumaczeń konsekutywnych. W pierwszej części przedstawiona jest definicja CAI oraz opis i przykłady pierwszej, drugiej i trzeciej generacji tego narzędzia. Na podstawie analizy przedmiotu stwierdzono, że istniejące rozwiązania, w postaci komercyjnej lub testowej, ograniczają swoje działanie głównie do zarządzania terminologią. Następnie autor odnosi się do możliwości wykorzystania pamięci tłumaczeniowych w tłumaczeniu konsekutywnym. Kolejna część opisuje dwa najważniejsze komponenty CAI, czyli oprogramowanie do rozpoznawania mowy (ASR) oraz narzędzie kompresujące. W dalszej części przedstawiono możliwe problemy rozwojowe narzędzia oraz opisano kompresję w tłumaczeniu konsekutywnym. W ostatniej części artykułu autor opisuje kompleksowe narzędzie CAI, jego komponenty, a taże scenariusz zastosowania w trakcie tłumaczenia konsekutywnego.
A set of RT-PCR assays for detection of all known avian paramyxoviruses and application in surveillance of avian paramyxoviruses in China
Authors: Jin Ji-Hui , Wang Jing-Jing , Ren Ying-Chao , Liu Shuo , Li Jin-Ping , Hou Guang-Yu , Liu Hua-Lei , Zhuang Qing-Ye , Wang Su-Chun , Jiang Wen-Ming , Yu Xiao-Hui , Yu Jian-Min , Yuan Li-Ping , Peng Cheng , Zhang Guo-Zhong , Chen Ji-Ming
Published: March 2021

Background

Avian paramyxoviruses (APMVs), also termed avian avulaviruses, are of a vast diversity and great significance in poultry. Detection of all known APMVs is challenging, and distribution of APMVs have not been well investigated.

Methods

A set of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays for detection of all known APMVs were established using degenerate primers targeting the viral polymerase L gene. The assays were preliminarily evaluated using in-vitro transcribed double-stranded RNA controls and 24 known viruses, and then they were employed to detect 4,346 avian samples collected from 11 provinces.

Results

The assays could detect 20–200 copies of the double-stranded RNA controls, and detected correctly the 24 known viruses. Of the 4,346 avian samples detected using the assays, 72 samples were found positive. Of the 72 positives, 70 were confirmed through sequencing, indicating the assays were specific for APMVs. The 4,346 samples were also detected using a reported RT-PCR assay, and the results showed this RT-PCR assay was less sensitive than the assays reported here. Of the 70 confirmed positives, 40 were class I Newcastle disease virus (NDV or APMV-1) and 27 were class II NDV from poultry including chickens, ducks, geese, and pigeons, and three were APMV-2 from parrots. The surveillance identified APMV-2 in parrots for the first time, and revealed that prevalence of NDVs in live poultry markets was higher than that in poultry farms. The surveillance also suggested that class I NDVs in chickens could be as prevalent as in ducks, and class II NDVs in ducks could be more prevalent than in chickens, and class II NDVs could be more prevalent than class I NDVs in ducks. Altogether, we developed a set of specific and sensitive RT-PCR assays for detection of all known APMVs, and conducted a large-scale surveillance using the assays which shed novel insights into APMV epidemiology.
Best-practice dingo management: six lessons from K’gari (Fraser Island)
Authors: Behrendorff Linda
Published: March 2021

Canids across the world are involved in negative interactions between humans and their interests, with numerous examples of conflict management. K’gari (Fraser Island) and its dingo population are well known for the human-dingo conflict in the tourism and residential scenes. In this article, the successful management of such interactions is described through six key lessons learnt from over 20 years of adaptive management and its evolution into the current Fraser Island Dingo Conservation and Risk Management Strategy. These are (1) focus on people first, (2) understand local dingo ecology, (3) identify the pathway to intervention, (4) target dingo impacts, and prioritise behaviours and individuals, (5) work to a strategy (adaptive management), and (6) collaborate and engage with external stakeholders. This best-practice approach may be useful to managers of other populations of canids.
Improved Output Performance of Triboelectric Nanogenerator by Fast Accumulation Process of Surface Charges
Authors: Li Yanhong , Zhao Zhihao , Liu Lu , Zhou Linglin , Liu Di , Li Shaoxin , Chen Shengyang , Dai Yejing , Wang Jie , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: March 2021

As a promising energy harvesters, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) can be utilized to convert distributed energy into electric power, but the slow charge accumulation incorporated with the inevitable charge decay/leakage of conventional TENGs result in a low surface charge density and an inferior output performance, limiting their practical applications. Here, an effective strategy is proposed to realize high charge density by using a fast charge accumulation process on dielectric material with high relative permittivity. As a result, the charge density is tremendously improved to 2.20 mC m−2 on the poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) film. Meanwhile, the fast charge accumulation is highly conducive to reach a high charge density of 1.30 mC m−2 in a 90% relative humidity environment, which is ≈260 times that of a TENG with slow charge accumulation. This work not only provides a new insight into charge accumulation and equilibrium state, but also provides significant guidance on the performance optimization of TENG.
2021 Update on Diffuse large B cell lymphoma: A review of current data and potential applications on risk stratification and management
Authors: Susanibar‐Adaniya Sandra , Barta Stefan K.
Published: March 2021

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common type of Non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), comprises a heterogeneous group of diseases with different biology, clinical presentations, and response to treatment. R‐CHOP remains the mainstay of therapy and can achieve long‐term disease control in nearly 90% of patients presenting with limited‐stage and in up to 60% of those presenting with advanced stages. Advances on the understanding of the genetic landscape and molecular features of DLBCL have identified high‐risk subsets with poor outcomes to chemo‐immunotherapy that are actively being studied in clinical trials. Novel therapies could potentially improve outcomes for patients with high‐risk disease. Studies evaluating risk‐adapted therapy based on classification by cell of origin (COO) and molecular features are ongoing. Developments in the fields of immunotherapy, mostly with adoptive T‐cell therapy, have significantly improved the outcomes of patients with relapsed refractory disease. In this review, we will summarize the recent data and discuss ongoing efforts to improve DLBCL treatment in the frontline and relapsed refractory settings.
High‐Energy Nickel‐Cobalt‐Aluminium Oxide (NCA) Cells on Idle: Anode‐ versus Cathode‐Driven Side Reactions
Authors: Zülke Alana , Li Yi , Keil Peter , Burrell Robert , Belaisch Sacha , Nagarathinam Mangayarkarasi , Mercer Michael P. , Hoster Harry E.
Published: March 2021

We report on the first year of calendar ageing of commercial high‐energy 21700 lithium‐ion cells, varying over eight state of charge (SoC) and three temperature values. Lithium‐nickel‐cobalt‐aluminium oxide (NCA) and graphite with silicon suboxide (Gr‐SiOx) form cathodes and anodes of those cells, respectively. Degradation is fastest for cells at 70–80 % SoC according to monthly electrochemical check‐up tests. Cells kept at 100 % SoC do not show the fastest capacity fade but develop internal short circuits for temperatures T≥40 °C. Degradation is slowest for cells stored close to 0 % SoC at all temperatures. Rates of capacity fade and their temperature dependencies are distinctly different for SoC values below and above 60 %, respectively. Differential voltage analyses, apparent activation energy analysis, and endpoint slippage tracking provide useful insights into the degradation mechanisms and the respective roles of anode and cathode potential. We discuss how reversible losses of lithium might play a role in alleviating the rate of irreversible losses on commercial cells.
Optimization of glycerol consumption in wild‐type Escherichia coli using central carbon modeling as an alternative approach
Authors: Rangel Albert Enrique Tafur , Reyes Luis H , Ramírez Jorge Mario Gómez , Barrios Andrés Fernando Gónzalez
Published: March 2021

The development of a culture medium is an essential step in any bioprocess involving microorganisms for the bioconversion of by‐products to valuable chemicals, making industries like the biofuel industry more competitive. Optimization of the bioconversion process to minimize cost while maximizing yield underscores the importance of using computational methods to identify cellular requirements under specific growth conditions. In this study, a computational approach was proposed as an alternative to optimizing glycerol consumption in one of the most common production chassis, Escherichia coli, specifically strain ATCC 8739. Nineteen compounds were identified as essential for E. coli growth in glycerol. Of these, three reactions associated with nitrogen, phosphorous, and oxygen availability were determined as crucial to reaching high growth and glycerol uptake rates. Based on computational results, a glycerol‐based medium was supplemented with reported common chemical compounds that contain nitrogen or phosphorous (NH4Cl, Na2HPO4, and K2HPO4) for further experimental validation. When comparing the supplemented culture medium experimentally with LB medium (Luria Bertani), a two‐fold increment in the glycerol consumption was observed. Transcriptomic analysis of the most promising culture medium reveals that high glycerol utilization under aerobic conditions is dependent on phosphorus to avoid toxicity within the cell because of glycerol‐3‐phosphate generation. The result of this study is a resource to determine nutritional requirements that allow the improvement of the use of raw material for the production of compounds that are attractive to the bio‐based industry. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Framing the evolution of the corporate social responsibility and environmental management journal
Authors: Wu Yihua , Farrukh Muhammad , Raza Ali , Meng Fanchen , Alam Imtiaz
Published: March 2021

This study presents a bibliometric analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management (CSREM) covering the period from 2003 to 2020. Data for the analysis is drawn from the Scopus database. The analysis of 875 publications reflects an admirable pursuit for intellectual excellence by the journal. It is starting with five citations in 2003; the journal has earned 6434 citations during the year 2020. Over the last 18 years, the journal has accumulated 22,770 citations. The paper provides an in‐depth insight into what has been achieved by the journal by analyzing bibliographic mapping of knowledge, intellectual structure of publications, contributions by universities, countries, and authors using bibliographic coupling (BC), co‐citations, and co‐occurrence (CC) methods. As the first retrospection of the journal, the study would be of interest to the readers, contributors, and the editorial board, as it offers inputs for future research.
Abnormal retinal capillary blood flow in autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Singer Maxwell B. , Ringman John M. , Chu Zhongdi , Zhou Xiao , Jiang Xuejuan , Shahidzadeh Anoush , Wang Ruikang K. , Kashani Amir H.
Published: March 2021

Introduction

This study characterizes retinal capillary blood flow in subjects with autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease (ADAD)‐causing mutations.

Methods

Carriers of PSEN1 or APP mutations were prospectively recruited and split into early‐stage (ES) and late‐stage (LS) groups. Controls were normal subjects and non‐carriers from the at‐risk group. Capillary blood flow was quantified using an optical coherence tomography angiography‐based measure of erythrocyte flux through capillary segments. Statistical analyses were adjusted for correlation between two eyes of the same subject.

Results

ES carriers had significantly greater capillary blood flow than controls and LS carriers. ES and LS carriers had significantly greater capillary blood flow heterogeneity than controls. There was no difference between capillary blood flow of LS carriers and controls.

Discussion

ES ADAD carriers demonstrate increased retinal capillary blood flow and flow heterogeneity compared to controls. These findings support the hypothesis that increased perfusion is a pathophysiologic feature of presymptomatic stages of ADAD.
COVID‐19 guidelines for pregnant women and new mothers: A systematic evidence review
Authors: DiLorenzo Madeline A. , O’Connor Sarah K. , Ezekwesili Caroline , Sampath Spoorthi , Zhao Molly , Yarrington Christina , Pierre Cassandra
Published: March 2021

Background

Nearly a year after COVID‐19 was initially detected, guidance for pregnant and new mothers remains varied.

Objective

The goal of this systematic review is to summarize recommendations for three areas of maternal and fetal care—breastfeeding, post‐partum social distancing, and decontamination.

Search strategy

We searched PubMed, Embase and Web of Science spanning from inception to November 9, 2020.

Selection criteria

Articles were included if they focused on COVID‐positive mothers, commented on at least one of the three areas of interest, and were published in English.

Data collection and analysis

Our combined database search yielded 385 articles. After removing duplicates and articles that did not cover the correct populations or subject matter, a total of 74 articles remained in our analysis.

Main results

Most articles recommended direct breastfeeding with enhanced precaution measures. Recommendations regarding post‐partum social distancing varied, although articles published more recently often recommended keeping the mother and newborn in the same room when possible. Decontamination recommendations emphasized mask wearing, good hand hygiene, and proper cleaning of surfaces.

Conclusion

In general, there was a focus on shared decision making when approaching topics such as breastfeeding and post‐partum social distancing. Guidelines for decontamination were fairly uniform.
Performance characteristics of the Mindray chemiluminescence anti‐Müllerian hormone assay
Authors: Zhao Jing‐Jing , Kang Chun‐Min , Zhang Peng , Zheng Lei
Published: March 2021

Background

The aim of this study was to define the performance characteristics of the Mindray chemiluminescence assay for anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) detection.

Designs and methods

Intra‐assay and total imprecision, analytical sensitivity, linearity, and interference were compared between the Mindray and Roche assays using pools of human serum according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute protocols. Additionally, male and female reference intervals were established using serum specimens collected from otherwise healthy groups and patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Results

The intra‐assay and total imprecision percent coefficients of variation for low and high AMH serum levels were 2.74%/ 3.01% and 5.41%/5.35% respectively. The limits of blank, detection, and quantitation were 0.007, 0.01, and 0.03 ng/ml, respectively. The assay displayed good linearity over the range of 0.01–23 ng/ml. The coefficient of determination (R2) of the Mindray versus Roche assays was 0.9713 with 411 samples with AMH concentrations ranging from 0.014 to 22.1 ng/ml. The slope and intercept of the regression equation were 0.9687 and 0.3419, respectively. There was no significant interference from triglycerides (up to 3000 mg/dl), bilirubin (up to 50 mg/dl), hemoglobin (up to 500 mg/dl), or total protein (up to 10 g/dl). Reference intervals showed the expected decrease in serum AMH levels with age in healthy women and increased levels in women with PCOS.

Conclusion

The Mindray AMH assay demonstrated acceptable analytical performance under routine conditions and is suitable for determining AMH levels in serum samples.
Hastened death in veterans with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Russell James A.
Published: March 2021

See article on pages 807–811 in this issue.
Religiosity and the realisation of fertility intentions: A comparative study of eight European countries
Authors: Buber‐Ennser Isabella , Berghammer Caroline
Published: March 2021

Previous studies have consistently shown that religious persons both intend and have more children than their non‐religious peers. However, it is yet unknown whether their higher number of children entirely reflects their higher intentions or whether religious persons also realise their intentions more often than non‐religious individuals. By including different geographical regions—four countries from Western Europe and four countries from Central and Eastern Europe—this study focuses on short‐term fertility intentions and their realisation over 3 years. Our study, which is mainly informed by the Theory of Planned Behaviour, compares three groups, based on two panel waves from the Generations and Gender Survey (2002–2013 and 2006–2016): Christians who regularly attend church services, nominal Christians, and non‐affiliated persons. The results confirm that practising Christians generally intend and have more children than nominal Christians and non‐affiliated persons. Effects are much stronger in Western than in Central and Eastern Europe. However, we find only weak significant differences in realising childbearing intentions by religiosity. This is in line with the theoretical assumption that obstacles to childbearing are already considered in the formation of fertility intentions.
Remote embedded devices test framework on the cloud
Authors: Choi Il‐Seok (Benjamin) , Jeong Chang‐Sung
Published: March 2021

Embedded systems have high coupling and dependency among different hardware and software components in heterogeneous layers, which makes location and issue tracking in their testing difficult. Despite these poor verification conditions, even the most important reliability quality verification among embedded system characteristics is verified with insufficient sample size, typical test cases, and general test strategies, following limitations such as development costs and scheduling. As a result, shipments are highly likely to lead to various reliability quality problems because items have not been verified considering reliability quality characteristics. Hence, to address this gap, this study developed remote embedded device test framework on the cloud (RED‐TFC), which has an innovative reliability test manager component that can automatically perform various tests for the evaluation of reliability and performance of distributed shared devices by utilizing the cloud concept. RED‐TFC offers two key enhancements over existing testing services: (i) the adaptive sample scale for reliability test (ASRT), a feature that identifies the most appropriate sample size for performing functionality and reliability tests of remote verification targets connected to the RED‐TFC server; and (ii) the mass sample reliability test (MSRT), which uses a test case that is specific to reliability, with the sample size obtained by ASRT, to perform verification following the Markov prediction process. This paper analyses two Android smartphone models considered the most generic examples, including many embedded components, and presents a method of detecting a high number of reliability problems in smartphones using the proposed RED‐TFC and its implications.
Singular BPS boundary conditions in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = (2, 2) supersymmetric gauge theories
Authors: Okazaki Tadashi , Smith Douglas J.
Published: March 2021

Abstract

We derive general BPS boundary conditions in two-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (2, 2) supersymmetric gauge theories. We analyze the solutions of these boundary conditions, and in particular those that allow the bulk fields to have poles at the boundary. We also present the brane configurations for the half- and quarter-BPS boundary conditions of the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (2, 2) supersymmetric gauge theories in terms of branes in Type IIA string theory. We find that both A-type and B-type brane configurations are lifted to M-theory as a system of M2-branes ending on an M5-brane wrapped on a product of a holomorphic curve in ℂ2 with a special Lagrangian 3-cycle in ℂ3.
Search for $$ \mathrm{U}{(1)}_{L_{\mu }-{L}_{\tau }} $$ charged dark matter with neutrino telescope
Authors: Asai Kento , Okawa Shohei , Tsumura Koji
Published: March 2021

Abstract

We study a simple Dirac fermion dark matter model in$$ \mathrm{U}{(1)}_{L_{\mu }-{L}_{\tau }} $$U1Lμ−Lτtheory. The new light gauge bosonXplays important roles in both dark matter physics and the explanation for the muong−2 anomaly. The observed dark matter relic density is realized by a large$$ \mathrm{U}{(1)}_{L_{\mu }-{L}_{\tau }} $$U1Lμ−Lτcharge without introducing a resonance effect of theXboson. As a by-product of the model, characteristic neutrino signatures from sub-GeV dark matterψare predicted depending on the mass spectrum. We formulate the analysis of$$ \psi \overline{\psi}\to \nu \overline{\nu} $$ψψ¯→νν¯, and of$$ \psi \overline{\psi}\to XX $$ψψ¯→XXfollowed by$$ X\to \nu \overline{\nu} $$X→νν¯in a model independent way. The energy spectrum of neutrinos in the former process is monochromatic while in the latter process is bowl-shape. We also evaluate sensitivity at Super-Kamiokande and future Hyper-Kamiokande detectors. The analysis is finally applied to the$$ \mathrm{U}{(1)}_{L_{\mu }-{L}_{\tau }} $$U1Lμ−Lτdark matter model.