bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biobank Digitization in Low-Middle Income Countries (LMICs): Current and Future Technological Developments
Authors: Elkhwsky Fayek , Kazem Amani , Arafat Waleed , Diaa Nancy , Nabil Amira , El-Tahan Rasha , Maher Amany , Saied Shimaa
Published: August 2024

Digitization is currently penetrating all fields of modern sciences and has consequently become a critical aspect of modern biobanking operations, as biobanks constitute part of the foundational research infrastructures. Biobanks that specialize in the long-term storage of biological samples, such as tissues, blood, and DNA, have recently been established in several low- and middle- income countries (LMICs) in the Arab region of the Middle East, such as Egypt, Jordan, and Sudan. The current chapter provides an overview of the challenges for digitization of healthcare, current and future technological developments with specific examples from LMICs. Utilizing the experiences from LMICs, and in particular from Egypt, a set of recommendations is also put forward.
Digital Healthcare: Technologies, Technical and Design Challenges
Authors: Mascarenhas Eduardo , Abboute Anis , Wayne Rachel , Kozlakidis Zisis
Published: August 2024

The advancement of digital technologies in healthcare is not a new phenomenon, however it was accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic when healthcare needs across all settings forced institutions to consider the inclusion of digital health applications in their routine operations. The need for digital healthcare applications to deliver solutions is greatest in LMICs and will continue to be so in the near future. This chapter presents an overview of the technologies driving the digital transformation of healthcare, including Internet of Things, Blockchain, cloud computing and artificial intelligence (AI). The challenges to the implementation of digital healthcare applications are also presented (infrastructure, human capital and data quality), with a particular focus on the design and evaluation aspects.
Ubiquitous and Powerful Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Authors: Sargsyan Amalya , Hovsepyan Shushan , Muradyan Armen
Published: August 2024

The chapter delves into the transformative potential of ubiquitous Artificial Intelligence (AI) for revolutionizing healthcare in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). It showcases numerous AI-driven benefits, such as enhanced diagnostics, tailored treatment plans, streamlined drug discovery, and overall healthcare improvement in resource-constrained settings. The discussion acknowledges the challenges and limitations of implementing AI in LMICs, including high costs, a dearth of skilled professionals, and data-related hurdles. It proposes viable solutions, such as public-private partnerships, external funding, open-source software, international collaborations, and infrastructure investments. With a focus on ethical considerations, the text underscores the significance of patient data privacy, addressing algorithmic biases and promoting global collaboration to ensure equitable access to AI-powered healthcare solutions. Inspiring real-world examples from Rwanda, Armenia, Pakistan, and India illustrate the profound impact of AI in LMIC healthcare settings. The vision of ubiquitous AI presents a unique opportunity to bridge the healthcare divide between LMICs and high-income countries, enabling proactive and preventive care while tackling global health challenges. This captivating discussion encourages readers to further explore the responsible and ethical utilization of AI’s transformative power in healthcare.
Recommendations for Digitization of Healthcare in LMICs: A Wider Outlook
Authors: Kozlakidis Zisis , Clum Mat , Sargsyan Karine
Published: August 2024

The last two decades have witnessed an explosion of technological developments, such as cloud computing, imaging, mobile-based consultations and others. These developments in turn have brought forward a series of very promising applications for healthcare, which have enjoyed varying degrees of adoption and diffusion within low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). The major themes that emerged within this book as critical in the success (or not) of digitisation of healthcare in LMICs are the data infrastructure, the regulatory frameworks and the education/digital literacy. Additionally, the way forward regarding digitisation in healthcare is going to follow a distinctly different route to the one experienced in high-income countries, specifically it is anticipated to be: context-driven, information asymmetric, culturally sensitive and locally autonomous.
Health Inequalities and Availability: Needs and Applications
Authors: Charalambidou Georgia , Antoniou Stella , Papagregoriou Gregory , Kyratzi Maria , Malatras Apostolos , Stefanou Charalambos , Voutounou Mariel , Deltas Constantinos
Published: August 2024

The limited access to high quality healthcare in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) creates disparities and challenges. In such nations, health outcomes are inevitably influenced by the scarce geographic distribution of health providers and the often unbearable cost of quality services. Regardless of improvements in global life expectancy and mortality rates due to scientific and medical breakthroughs in the modern world, LMICs do not experience similar progress. To bridge the healthcare gap, a coordinated global effort to transfer medical knowledge to developing countries through the digitalization of medicine, in the form of adopting and implementing electronic health records (EHRs) or telemedicine is imperative. This chapter initially explores how the concepts of healthcare inequality and inequity are exerted and provides examples of how medical digitalization is implemented in LMICs. International and national responses to health inequalities that are impacting digitalization efforts and the role of human rights towards achieving the effective and widespread provision of high-quality healthcare services are also addressed.
Long-Term Digital Storage and Usage of Research Data: Data Pooling
Authors: Gramatiuk Svetlana , Sargsyan Karine
Published: August 2024

In the quickly evolving field of scientific research, securing, utilizing, and maintaining access to large datasets over extended periods is very important. This chapter examines the challenges connected to the long-term digital storage and use of research data, focusing on data pooling. Because of the increasing amount and complexity of data generated in biomedical research, finding a storage solution that is scalable and sustainable is significant. Creating robust data governance frameworks, addressing data security and privacy issues, and defining the roles of data stewards in biomedical research programs are critical steps. Based on the principles of the Open Science, this chapter supports a structured approach to ensure the authenticity, accuracy, and reliability of biomedical data for long-term access. In addition, integrating biomedical datasets offers new opportunities for collaborative analysis and promotes synergies between translational, and clinical research. This chapater emphasizes the importance of strategic decisions concerning data retention policies that require collaboration with funding agencies, research communities, and established repositories for the long-term development of scientific knowledge.
Haftungsersetzende und haftungsergänzende Versicherungs- und Fondslösungen für Behandlungsschäden
Authors: Makowsky Mark
Published: August 2024

Die Arzthaftung ersetzende oder zumindest ergänzende Entschädigungssysteme für Patienten, die infolge einer (fehlerhaften) medizinischen Behandlung einen Gesundheitsschaden erlitten haben, werden in Deutschland bereits seit vielen Jahren kontrovers diskutiert. Die Befürworter einer Versicherungs- oder Fondslösung berufen sich vor allem darauf, dass das zivile Haftungsrecht in Fällen ärztlicher Behandlungsfehler einen nur unzureichenden Schutz biete. So scheitere die effektive Durchsetzung von Schadensersatzansprüchen nicht selten an den hohen tatsächlichen und rechtlichen Hürden, insbesondere an der charakteristischen Beweisnot des Patienten. Ein weiterer Vorteil einer Patientenversicherung bzw. eines Entschädigungsfonds wird darin gesehen, dass dieser auch dann leisten könnte, wenn es überhaupt an einem ärztlichen Behandlungsfehler bzw. Verschulden fehlt, etwa in Fällen seltener oder bislang unbekannter, jedoch schwerwiegender Komplikationen.

Den im Laufe des Gesetzgebungsverfahrens zum Patientenrechtegesetz erhobenen Forderungen nach einem Entschädigungs- bzw. Härtefallfonds – zumeist nach österreichischem Vorbild – hatte die damals amtierende Bundesregierung allerdings noch eine ausdrückliche Absage erteilt: Ein solcher Fonds widerspreche zum einen dem deutschen Haftungs- und Schadensersatzrecht, welches die individuelle Haftung und Verantwortlichkeit des Schädigers vorsehe und dadurch einen wirksamen Anreiz zur Fehlervermeidung setze; diese Präventivwirkung ginge mit einem Entschädigungsfonds überwiegend verloren [zu diesem Aspekt näher IV. 2.]. Zum anderen sei auch die Frage der Finanzierung völlig ungeklärt; eine Beitragserhebung bei den Patienten wie nach dem österreichischen Modell erschien der damaligen Bundesregierung offenbar nicht als sachgerecht. Demgegenüber sieht der im Jahr 2021 geschlossene Koalitionsvertrag der “Ampelparteien” nunmehr – neben einer Stärkung der Patientenstellung “im bestehenden Haftungssystem” – die Einführung eines “Härtefallfonds mit gedeckelten Ansprüchen” vor. Was darunter genau zu verstehen ist, welchen Anwendungsbereich ein solcher Fonds hätte, unter welchen Voraussetzungen und in welchem Umfang dieser leisten würde, ist weitgehend unklar. Ein Gesetzesentwurf soll nach aktuellen Informationen des Bundesgesundheitsministers voraussichtlich noch zur Jahreshälfte 2024 vorgelegt werden. Ungeachtet dieser Unsicherheiten gibt der geplante Härtefallfonds jedenfalls Anlass, die bislang diskutierten Vorschläge haftungsersetzender oder -ergänzender Entschädigungssysteme für Behandlungsschäden einer rechtlichen bzw. rechtspolitischen Würdigung zu unterziehen.
Sanktionen des Sozialrechts – Zündstoff im Medizinwirtschaftsstrafrecht? Die nächste Karriere des Abrechnungsbetruges
Authors: Gaede Karsten
Published: August 2024

Der Abrechnungsbetrug im Gesundheitswesen wurde oft besprochen; auch ich selbst trage dazu nicht erstmals vor. Das Thema bleibt aber brandaktuell. Der Beitrag soll im Vergleich weniger beleuchtete Aspekte des Betruges aufgreifen, die zunehmend eine größere Bedeutung erlangen. Vor allem soll er das Sozialrecht in den Debattenfokus rücken.

In einem ersten Schritt nehme ich den aktuellen forensischen Stand des Medizinwirtschaftsstrafrechts auf (I.). Zweitens schildere ich den Status quo der Verfolgung des Abrechnungsbetruges (II.). Drittens hinterfrage ich die Auslegung des Sozialrechts, das in das Strafrecht einfließt (III.). In meinem vierten Schritt trage ich strafrechtsdogmatische Kritik an der Position der Strafgerichte vor (IV.). Ein Fazit in Thesen beschließt die Ausführungen.
Exploring African skills 4.0 required for 4IR industry: a systematic literature review
Authors: Idrissi Gartoumi Khalil , Koumetio Tekouabou Stéphane Cédric
Published: August 2024

In the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0), the adequacy of training models for industrial needs is being challenged. Africa is a skills hub, threatened by unemployment among young people, especially graduates, competition, and the sustainability of industrial fabrics. By carrying out a systematic literature review, this article aims to highlight the aspects and outcomes of the educational revolution that must accompany IR 4.0. The results show that IR 4.0 offers new careers, and that training is a key barrier to the successful digital transformation of the industry. University 4.0 is the conversion needed to overcome this barrier. This article explains this new academic model generating skills, which refers to the ability to perform activities effectively with high technical, digital, and flexible management capacities. Faced with the low adoption of IR 4.0, and the lack of a systematic literature review, this article offers a significant platform for the research community, both academic and industrial.
Designing data collaboratives’ governance dimensions for long-term stability: an empirical analysis
Authors: Bartolomucci Federico , Bartalucci Simone
Published: August 2024

The momentum surrounding the use of data for the public good has grown over the past few years, resulting in several initiatives, and rising interest from public bodies, intergovernmental organizations, and private organizations. The potential benefits of data collaboratives (DCs) have been proved in several contexts, including health, migration, pandemics, and public transport. However, these cross-sectoral partnerships have frequently not progressed beyond the pilot level, a condition hindering their ability to generate long-term societal benefits and scale their impact. Governance models play an important role in ensuring DCs’ stability over time; however, existing models do not address this issue. Our research investigates DCs’ governance settings to determine governance dimensions’ design settings enhancing DCs’ long-term stability. The research identifies through the literature on collaborative governance and DCs seven key governance dimensions for the long-term stability of DCs. Then, through the analysis of 16 heterogeneous case studies, it outlines the optimal design configurations for each dimension. Findings make a significant contribution to academic discourse by shedding light on the governance aspects that bolster the long-term stability of DCs. Additionally, this research offers practical insights and evidence-based guidelines for practitioners, aiding in the creation and maintenance of enduring DCs.
Africa's Climate Response to Marine Cloud Brightening Strategies Is Highly Sensitive to Deployment Region
Authors: Odoulami Romaric C. , Hirasawa Haruki , Kouadio Kouakou , Patel Trisha D. , Quagraine Kwesi A. , Pinto Izidine , Egbebiyi Temitope S. , Abiodun Babatunde J. , Lennard Christopher , New Mark G.
Published: August 2024

Solar climate intervention refers to a group of methods for reducing climate risks associated with anthropogenic warming by reflecting sunlight. Marine cloud brightening (MCB), one such approach, proposes to inject sea‐salt aerosol into one or more regional marine boundary layer to increase marine cloud reflectivity. Here, we assess the potential influence of various MCB experiments on Africa's climate using simulations from the Community Earth System Model (CESM2) with the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM6) as its atmospheric component. We analyzed four idealized MCB experiments under a medium‐range background forcing scenario (SSP2‐4.5), which brighten clouds over three subtropical ocean regions: (a) Northeast Pacific (MCBNEP); (b) Southeast Pacific (MCBSEP); (c) Southeast Atlantic (MCBSEA); and (d) these three regions simultaneously (MCBALL). Our results suggest that the climate impacts of MCB in Africa are highly sensitive to the deployment region. MCBSEP would produce the strongest global cooling effect and thus could be the most effective in decreasing temperatures, increasing precipitation, and reducing the intensity and frequency of temperature and precipitation extremes across most parts of Africa, especially West Africa, in the future (2035–2054) compared to the historical climate (1995–2014). MCB in other regions produces less cooling and wetting despite similar radiative forcings. While the projected changes under MCBALL are similar to those of MCBSEP, MCBNEP and MCBSEA could see more residual warming and induce a warmer future than under SSP2‐4.5 in some regions across Africa. All MCB experiments are more effective in cooling maximum temperature and related extremes than minimum temperature and related extremes.
Post COVID-19 conditions in an Australian pediatric cohort, 3 months following a Delta outbreak
Authors: Britton Philip N. , Burrell Rebecca , Chapman Emily , Boyle Julia , Alexander Shirley , Belessis Yvonne , Dalby-Payne Jacqueline , Knight Katherine , Lau Christine , McMullan Brendan , Milne Bronwyn , Paull Marilyn , Nguyen Jonathan , Selvadurai Hiran , Dale Russell , Baillie Andrew
Published: August 2024

Background

Pediatric long COVID remains incompletely understood with scant Australian data available. We aimed to assess the impacts of the 2021 Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak on symptoms and functioning 12 weeks post-acute infection in a cohort of children and adolescents.

Methods

The parents/carers of 11,864 patients with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 were invited, via email or text message, to complete an online survey assessing symptoms and functional impairment.

Findings

1731 (17.6%) responded to the survey. 203 (11.7%) reported continued symptoms and/or functional impairment which were flagged for clinical review, all others reported recovery. Of the 169 subsequently clinically reviewed, 63 had already recovered (37.3%) and 17 had exacerbation of pre-existing condition(s) (10.1%); 63 (37.3%) were diagnosed with a Post COVID Condition (PCC). Of these, 21 (12.4%) were considered to have features compatible with the United Kingdom consensus cases definition for Long COVID.

Interpretation

During an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 an online questionnaire with subsequent clinical review revealed self-reported non-recovery at 12 weeks in a minority of cases, with a spectrum of features. Long COVID comprised only a subset of cases with self-reported non-recovery, and is infrequent in children and adolescents, but still comprises a likely significant burden that warrants attention.

Impact

Our study provides the only comprehensive estimate of the frequency and spectrum of post-COVID conditions in children from Australia. The high frequency of self-reported recovery, and low frequency of Long COVID compatible illness adds to the literature from other settings. Risk factors for post-COVID conditions in children are identified and include: age >11 year, and previous medical co-morbidity.
A large scale study of portable sweat test sensor for accurate, non-invasive and rapid COVID-19 screening based on volatile compound marker detection
Authors: Thaveesangsakulthai Isaya , Chatdarong Kaywalee , Somboonna Naraporn , Pombubpa Nuttapon , Palaga Tanapat , Makmuang Sureerat , Wongravee Kanet , Hoven Voravee , Somboon Pakpum , Torvorapanit Pattama , Nhujak Thumnoon , Kulsing Chadin
Published: August 2024

This study established a novel infield sensing approach based on detection of the volatile compound markers in skin secretions. This was based on analysis of volatile compounds in axillary sweat samples collected from RT-PCR-proven Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positive and negative populations using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The analysis proposed the possible markers of the monoaromatic compounds and ethyl hexyl acrylate. A portable photo ionization detector (PID) incorporated with the selective material towards the marker compounds was then developed with the pressurized injection approach. This provided the accuracy of 100% in the research phase (n = 125). The developed approach was then applied for screening of 2207 COVID-19 related cases covering the periods of the Alpha, Beta, Delta and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Bangkok, Thailand. This offered the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy ranges of 92–99, 93–98 and 95–97%, respectively.
Generalising quantum imaginary time evolution to solve linear partial differential equations
Authors: Kumar Swagat , Wilmott Colin Michael
Published: August 2024

The quantum imaginary time evolution (QITE) methodology was developed to overcome a critical issue as regards non-unitarity in the implementation of imaginary time evolution on a quantum computer. QITE has since been used to approximate ground states of various physical systems. In this paper, we demonstrate a practical application of QITE as a quantum numerical solver for linear partial differential equations. Our algorithm takes inspiration from QITE in that the quantum state follows the same normalised trajectory in both algorithms. However, it is our QITE methodology’s ability to track the scale of the state vector over time that allows our algorithm to solve differential equations. We demonstrate our methodology with numerical simulations and use it to solve the heat equation in one and two dimensions using six and ten qubits, respectively.
Hybrid raven roosting intelligence framework for enhancing efficiency in data clustering
Authors: Malik Saleem , Patro S Gopal Krishna , Mahanty Chandrakanta , Lasisi Ayodele , Al-sareji Osamah J.
Published: August 2024

The field of data exploration relies heavily on clustering techniques to organize vast datasets into meaningful subgroups, offering valuable insights across various domains. Traditional clustering algorithms face limitations in terms of performance, often getting stuck in local minima and struggling with complex datasets of varying shapes and densities. They also require prior knowledge of the number of clusters, which can be a drawback in real-world scenarios. In response to these challenges, we propose the "hybrid raven roosting intelligence framework" (HRIF) algorithm. HRIF draws inspiration from the dynamic behaviors of roosting ravens and computational intelligence. What distinguishes HRIF is its effective capacity to adeptly navigate the clustering landscape, evading local optima and converging toward optimal solutions. An essential enhancement in HRIF is the incorporation of the Gaussian mutation operator, which adds stochasticity to improve exploration and mitigate the risk of local minima. This research presents the development and evaluation of HRIF, showcasing its unique fusion of nature-inspired optimization techniques and computational intelligence. Extensive experiments with diverse benchmark datasets demonstrate HRIF's competitive performance, particularly its capability to handle complex data and avoid local minima, resulting in accurate clustering outcomes. HRIF's adaptability to challenging datasets and its potential to enhance clustering efficiency and solution quality position it as a promising solution in the world of data exploration.
Involuntary motor responses are elicited both by rare sounds and rare pitch changes
Authors: Sabu Simily , Parmentier Fabrice B. R. , Horváth János
Published: August 2024

Unpredictable deviations from an otherwise regular auditory sequence, as well as rare sounds following a period of silence, are detected automatically. Recent evidence suggests that the latter also elicit quick involuntary modulations of ongoing motor activity emerging as early as 100 ms following sound onset, which was attributed to supramodal processing. We explored such force modulations for both rare and deviant sounds. Participants (N = 29) pinched a force sensitive device and maintained a force of 1–2 N for periods of 1 min. Task-irrelevant tones were presented under two conditions. In the Rare condition, 4000 Hz tones were presented every 8-to-16 s. In the Roving condition, 4000 Hz and 2996 Hz tones were presented at rate of 1 s, with infrequent (p = 1/12) frequency changes. In the Rare condition, transient force modulations were observed with a significant increase at ~ 234 ms, and a decrease at ~ 350 ms. In the Roving condition with low frequency deviant tones, an increase in force was observed at ~ 277 ms followed by a decrease at ~ 413 ms. No significant modulations were observed during perception of high frequency deviants. These results suggest that both rare silence-breaking sounds and low-pitched deviants evoke automatic fluctuations of motor responses, which opens up the possibility that these force modulations are triggered by stimulus-specific change-detection processes.
Optimal sizing and operation of a hybrid energy systems via response surface methodology (RSM)
Authors: Moradzadeh Arash , Pourhossein Kazem , Ghorbanzadeh Amin , Nazari-Heris Morteza , Colak Ilhami , Muyeen S. M.
Published: August 2024

Hybrid energy systems (HESs) are the most important sources of energy demand-supply, have developed significantly around the world. Microgrids, renewable energy sources, remote telecommunications stations, greenhouses, etc., are being considered as HESs applications. Optimal sizing of these systems is considered as one of the important issues related to energy management. In this paper, the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is proposed for the optimal sizing of a Photovoltaic (PV) system in a HESs. The suggested procedure solves the optimization problem by considering the factors affecting PV output power about the environmental conditions of the HESs. Providing a mathematical model for each of the input parameters and the ability to assessment the sensitivity of each of the input variables are the most important advantages of the proposed technique. In this paper, the RSM provides the most optimal sizing related to the PV system by considering climatic and geographical factors in the study site, and technical and economic issues related to the HESs. The optimal model obtained is evaluated by the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) evaluation method, which is one of the important techniques of statistical evaluation. It should be noted that the RSM technique can be utilized to optimize all components of any HES.
Biological comparisons between pre-eclampsia and placenta accreta spectrum
Authors: Bartels Helena C. , Hameed Sodiq , Young Constance , Nabhan Myriam , Downey Paul , Curran Kathleen M. , McCormack Janet , Fabre Aurelie , Kolch Walter , Zhernovkov Vadim , Brennan Donal J.
Published: August 2024

Placenta Accreta Spectrum (PAS) and pre-eclampsia are obstetric disorders associated with significant maternal morbidity and mortality. As pre-eclampsia is characterised by shallow placental invasion and PAS by abnormally deep invasion, we sought to compare the biological processes dysregulated in PAS to those reported in pre-eclampsia. We demonstrate that many of the processes contributing to unregulated placental invasion in PAS are the mirror findings of those previously reported in pre-eclampsia. These comparisons of PAS to a more common obstetric condition allow a greater understanding of the biological processes contributing to PAS, which remains a very rare obstetric complication.
Bamboo Activated Charcoal on Phytochemical Substances and Quality of Cassava Leaves (Manihot Utilissima)
Authors: Siska Imelda , Ako Ambo , Natsir Asmuddin , Utamy Renny Fatmyah
Published: August 2024

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of activated charcoal on phytochemical substances and the quality of cassava leaves. The research consisted of two stages, with the first stage, using a completely randomized design to determine the optimal treatment of activated charcoal content and soaking time on cassava leaves. The second stage evaluated the quality of the cassava leaves using the best treatment from the first stage. The study found that bamboo-activated charcoal levels of 2%, 4%, and 6% with a soaking time of 36 hours reduced the phytochemical substances of cassava leaves (HCN, tannin, and flavonoids). Additionally, bamboo-activated charcoal levels improved the quality of cassava leaves at the 2% level (P<0.05), as seen by an increase in crude protein (32,895%), crude fiber (13,915%), soluble protein (10,620%), in vitro dry matter digestibility (70,055%), and in vitro organic digestibility (67,538%).
Agronomic performance and zinc concentration in plant tissues of several rice fields varieties with zinc sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO4) fertilization
Authors: Priyanto Yuda Galang , Purwanto Edi , Rahayu Muji
Published: August 2024

An essential micronutrient for rice growth is zinc. Rice grown in flooded fields is at risk of zinc deficiency. Applying zinc fertilizer through foliar spray is an effective method to meet the zinc nutrient requirement for rice plant growth. This study aimed to determine the proper ZnSO4 fertilizer dosage to provide optimal rice growth in several rice varieties. The research was conducted at the UNS experimental Garden. The first factor was the foliar ZnSO4 fertilization dosage consisting of 5 levels: without ZnSO4 fertilizer (D0), 12 kg ha-1 ZnSO4 fertilizer (D1), 16 kg ha-1 ZnSO4 fertilizer (D2), 20 kg ha-1 ZnSO4 fertilizer (D3) and 24 kg ha-1 ZnSO4 fertilizer (D4). The second factor consisted of Ciherang (V1), Mentik Wangi (V2) and Rojolele (V3) rice varieties. Statistical analysis in this study used analysis of variance 5% and DMRT test at 5%. The results found there was no interaction in rice varieties (Ciherang, Rojolele and Mentik Wangi) with zinc fertilization doses 12, 16, 20 and 24 kg ha-1. However, this study showed significant difference at single factor of rice varieties and zinc fertilization doses and significant increase in plant height, number of tillers, number of productive tillers, number of leaves per hill, fresh biomass weight and zinc concentration in plant tissues compared to the dose 0.
Principal component analysis of morphometric traits in Indonesian male Sakub sheep
Authors: Jannah Zaenab Nurul , Panjono Panjono , Bintara Sigit , Widi Tri Satya Mastuti , Ibrahim Alek , Atmoko Bayu Andri , Warman Adi Tiya , Lana Dayu Lingga , Santosa Budi
Published: August 2024

Principal component analysis (PCA) was utilized to explore the morphological features of livestock, a statistical method that had not previously been applied to Indonesian Sakub sheep. Consequently, this study focused on analyzing PCA in male Sakub sheep. Morphometric traits examined included head length (HL), heart girth (HG), ear width (EW), chest width (CW), body length (BL), rump length (RL), wither height (WH), rump height (RH), head width (HW), ear length (EL), chest depth (CD), and rump width (RW)., Data analysis encompassed descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and PCA conducted using SPSS 25.0 software. The average measurements for these morphometric traits were 23.63±2.27 cm, 94.47±9.44 cm, 6.95±0.97 cm, 21.08±4.61cm, 79.71±6.86 cm, 24.95±3.36 cm, 76.24±5.52 cm, 74.55±5.19 cm, 14.17±1.60 cm, 14.42±2.37 cm, 36.27±4.75 cm, and 18.17±3.21 cm, respectively. The sphericity test using Bartlett's (p < 0.001) and the sampling adequacy determined using Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) exceeded 0.883. Two principal components were identified: PC1 (comprising HG, BL, WH, HL, RH, CD, and RW) and PC2 (including EL, CW, EW, RL, and HW), accounting for approximately 61.429% of the total variance. These findings provide insights that can be utilized in the management, selection, and breeding programs for male Sakub sheep.
Optimizing growth: A starter ration study for IPB D-1 chicks
Authors: Ramadhani Sekar Ayu Hawatama , Ridla Muhammad , Darmawan Arif
Published: August 2024

Poultry nutrient requirements are significantly influenced by both growth stage and breed. Additionally, housing systems impact performance. However, specific starter ration guidelines and appropriate housing systems are lacking for the IPB D-1 chicken, a hybrid combining 75% local and 25% broiler genetics. This critical period demands protein-rich diets to achieve optimal growth. To address this gap, a study was conducted to investigate the impact of varying protein levels (22% and 20%) in starter rations for unsexed, day-old IPB D-1 chicks (n = 400). The chicks were divided into two dietary groups and housed in open and semi-closed housing systems (10 replicates of 10 chicks each). Feed and water were provided ad libitum for 2 weeks, and monitoring of feed intake, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was performed. Chicks fed the 22% protein diet displayed significantly higher (P<0.05) feed intake and weight gain compared to the 20% group. Additionally, a noticeably improved FCR was observed. Housing type significantly affects (P<0.05) these measured parameters, with the semi-closed housing system being superior. This study highlights the enhanced response of IPB D-1 chicks during the starter phase to a higher protein content ration and a semi-closed housing system.
A Case Study on the Growth and Restoration of Native Plant Species in Formerly Utilized Areas: The Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park
Authors: Mawazin  , Pamoengkas Prijanto , Darwo  , Heriansyah Ika
Published: August 2024

The success of forest restoration relies on factors such as the extent of damage, environmental constraints, and restoration objectives. When restoring conservation areas, it is crucial to carefully select and cultivate indigenous species to ensure their successful establishment. This study addresses important aspects of restoration outcomes by evaluating the survival rate, diameter growth, height growth, and natural regeneration of eight native tree species: Altingia excelsa, Decaspermum fruticosum, Elaeocarpus sphaericus, Litsea angulata, Manglietia glauca, Schima wallichii, Swietenia mahagoni, and Syzygium polyanthum, which were planted 13, 14, and 15 years ago. Data were collected from five plots measuring 20m × 50m, focusing on individuals of these ages. The results revealed a high overall survival rate of 86.25% to 96%. The diameters of the trees ranged from 13 cm to 29.2 cm, while the heights varied from 10.94 m to 18.99 m. Additionally, the stand volume ranged from 62.8 m3 to 126.0 m3 per ha. All eight species demonstrated the ability to flower and bear fruit, and six species exhibited natural regeneration. Only Altingia excelsa and Toona sureni did not show evidence of progeny generation. These findings underscore the suitability of these native species for forest restoration projects, considering their high survival rates, growth characteristics, and natural regeneration potential.
The Influence of Dietary Patterns on Pre-Menstrual Syndrome (PMS) among the Community in Tanjung Bintang Subdistrict South Lampung
Authors: Nurhayu Winati , Hulzanah Mifta , Maretta Gres
Published: August 2024

Pre-Menstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a cluster of symptoms that appear several days before menstruation begins and typically improve a few days after menstruation starts. Common PMS symptoms include dizziness, abdominal pain, and heightened emotions. While many people view these symptoms as normal signs that menstruation is approaching, the causes of PMS are inherently complex, with unhealthy eating preference being one contributing factor. The research aims to explore the correlation between dietary preference and the level of PMS. Dietary preference was categorized based on NOVA classification. To assess PMS symptoms, the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST) questionnaire was used. This research employed an interview method, using a questionnaire that includes informed consent, personal data, PSST, and a dietary pattern questionnaire covering the past four weeks. Additionally, respondents' weight and height were measured to determine their Body Mass Index (BMI). The results indicated that higher consumption of ultra-processed foods (NOVA category 4) was associated with increased severity of PMS, particularly in physical symptoms and daily disturbances. However, dietary preference did not influence PMS symptoms of dysphoric disorder. This result enhances our understanding and help identify suitable dietary patterns to reduce PMS.
Protein content and sensory evaluation of meat analogue made from fermented peanut meal
Authors: Jayanegara Muhammad Asyam , Jayanegara Anuraga , Palupi Eny
Published: August 2024

The objective of this study was to develop a meat analogue made from fermented peanut meal and to characterize its protein content and sensory profile. Two protein sources were utilized to prepare the meat analogues, i.e., soybean and peanut. Prior to fermentation, peanut was removed for its oil by using mechanical pressing to generate peanut meal. Both sources were then fermented by a mixture of Rhizopus oligosporus and Rhizopus oryzae for 48 h. The products were determined for their protein contents (in duplicates) and sensory profiles using a total of 20 respondents (hedonic scale). The scale used was 1 to 5, from very dislike to very like. To test the sensory property, fermented soybean and peanut meal were served in the form of kebab. The data obtained from the sensory evaluation were analyzed by using a paired t-test. Results revealed that the protein contents of fermented soybean and fermented peanut meal were 34.0 and 36.0% (dry matter basis), respectively. Fermented peanut meal had a greater (P<0.05) hedonic profile in comparison to that of the fermented soybean with a score of 4.75 vs 4.55. Further research is required to fully investigate the nutritional and sensory profiles of fermented peanut meal.
Effect of ultrasound-assisted extraction on total phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity of Adenostemma lavenia leaves
Authors: Nurlela Nurlela , Aprilia Risma , Irawan Candra , Ariesta Nina , Batubara Irmanida
Published: August 2024

Adenostemma lavenia has been reported to possess significant value in traditional medicine and exhibit therapeutic potential. This study aimed to evaluate the extraction conditions of A. lavenia leaves using an ultrasound-assisted technique. A completely randomized factorial design with two factors (extraction time and ethanol concentration) was implemented. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu and AlCl3 complex assays, respectively. At the same time, antioxidant activity was assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and cupric ion-reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assays. The Rank Spearman test evaluated the correlation between TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activity. The results indicated that the optimum conditions were 45 minutes of extraction time and 90% ethanol concentration, yielding a TPC of 11.94±0.11 mg tannic acid equivalents (TAE)/g extract, a TFC of 0.51±0.00 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/g extract, antioxidant activity of 2,507.19±26.62 mg/L (IC50 of DPPH assay), and 133.50±0.71 mg/L (IC50 of CUPRAC assay). Antioxidant activity (CUPRAC assay) was significantly correlated with TFC in A. lavenia leaves. This study suggests that A. lavenia could be explored as a natural antioxidant.
Estimation of gas transfer coefficient with micro bubble technology on green roof runoff water
Authors: Luthfi Abdillah , Jati Advent Cahyo , Mahendra Idham Ilyas Budhi , Purwanto Yohanes Aris , Kurniawan Allen , Chadirin Yudi
Published: August 2024

Green open spaces reduction serving as crucial water recharge areas, is a consequence of urban development. Green roofs, incorporating vegetation atop buildings, present a viable solution to mitigate this loss by replicating some functions of green spaces. However, the retention capacity of green roofs is limited, leading to runoff. Reusing this runoff can enhance rainwater capture efficiency, yet the water typically fails to meet clean water standards due to low dissolved oxygen (DO) levels. Micro bubble technology offers a potential remedy by injecting gas into the water to elevate DO levels. To optimize micro bubble usage, it is essential to determine the gas transfer coefficient (kLa), which is influenced by various parameters such as the type of gas and the duration of treatment. This study utilized 60L samples of green roof runoff water, subjected to micro bubble treatments of 30-min and 60-min. Two types of green roof media were tested: vegetated (Portulaca grandiflora) and unvegetated. The kLa values were derived by modeling DO levels during the treatments. The results indicated that the highest kLa values for both 30-min and 60-min exposure were observed in runoff water from green roof with Portulaca grandiflora, 0.2533/min and 0.3781/min of kLa values, respectively.
Identification of hydroclimatic patterns and trends in the new capital of Indonesia
Authors: Muharomah Riani , Setiawan Budi Indra , Dewi Vita Ayu Kusuma , Hasanah Nur Aini Iswati
Published: August 2024

The Indonesian government has recently begun massive construction of a new capital city, e.g., Ibu Kota Nusantara (IKN) in East Kalimantan province. IKN will become a futuristic city combining modern infrastructures covered with green environments with a vision of achieving low, or even zero, carbon emission by 2023. It is crucial to identify and obtain available data from any nearby sources prior initiating to set-up environmental monitoring systems for the land-water-air on the site. The objective of this study is to find hydroclimatic patterns and aim to produce trends of climatic parameters, patterns of wet and dry seasons, occurrences of rainstorms risks causing floodings, and fluctuations of dryness index. The parametric linear model and non-parametric Mann-Kendall (MK) test will be used to evaluate and judge the significant trends in the annual climatic parameters. The water balance equation making up the daily rainfall and evapotranspiration will be applied to mark a transition date between wet and dry season. Furthermore, the Gumbel model will be used to uncover occurrent probability of rainstorms, and rainfall deficit will be referred to describe dryness index. The result of the study will provide valuable information on managing environments by revealing patterns and trends of the parameters.
Investigation on refrigeration cycle using refrigerants 404a & 410a
Authors: Kumar R. P. Ram , Saxena Archana , Thotla Divya , Fallah Mohammed H. , Teshayeva Dildora , Shodiyev Sadir , Singh Suresh
Published: August 2024

In order to provide light on the relative efficiency of and suitability for different refrigeration technology applications, this study examines the performance of refrigeration cycles using refrigerants 404a and 410a. As part of the research technique, refrigeration systems are tested experimentally under controlled settings. Key performance indicators are then thoroughly analyzed and compared. Test rigs with compressors, condensers, expansion valves, and evaporators—common parts of the refrigeration cycle are used for experimental research. The test rig is outfitted with instruments that can measure critical parameters at various places in the system, such as pressure, temperature, and power consumption. In order to assess the thermodynamic performance of refrigeration cycles utilizing refrigerants 404a and 410a, the study looks at a number of variables, including energy consumption, cooling capacity, and coefficient of performance (COP). The impact of operating parameters on cycle performance, such as system pressure, refrigerant flow rate, and temperatures of the evaporator and condenser, is evaluated by analyzing experimental data. The experimental investigations' results are presented and thoroughly explained, emphasizing the observed trends, correlations, and distinctions between refrigerants 410a and 404a. Analyzing performance metrics comparative provide important information about the relative efficacy and efficiency of each refrigerant in refrigeration applications. The research findings' ramifications are examined in relation to real-world refrigeration technology applications, taking system design, component selection, and refrigerant selection into account. Based on the factors that have been found to influence system reliability and efficiency, recommendations are given for improving the performance of the refrigeration cycle. All things considered, this study advances knowledge of the performance of the refrigeration cycle utilizing refrigerants 404a and 410a, providing insightful information to researchers, engineers, and system designers. The results of this study hold significance for improving the effectiveness and durability of refrigeration systems across multiple sectors, such as cold storage, food processing, and HVAC. The understanding and applications of refrigeration technology are further advanced by identifying future research directions.
Investigation of automobile generator G- 273 A with excitation from photovoltaic converter
Authors: Muminov Makhmudzhon , Yuldoshov Khusniddin , An Arthur , Sotiboldiev Abdurakhmon , Khamdamov Aziz , Akberdiev Murodali
Published: August 2024

This article considers the use of photovoltaic converter energy for excitation of autonomous synchronous generators of small capacity. Autonomous power plants include mini hydro power plants, wind generators, diesel power plants, car generators, aircraft generators. Synchronous generators of these installations are initially excited from accumulator batteries and after operation of the generator from semiconductor rectifiers, the power supply of which is taken away from the generator stator.
Kinetics of the conversion process of the MgC2-NaClO
Authors: Shodikulov Zhurabek , Umirov Farhod , Usanbayev Najimuddin , Trobov Khamza , Rasulov Azam , Mamataliyev Abdurasul
Published: August 2024

Based on the properties of the sodium hypochlorite salt, which is a by-product of the caustic plant at JSC Navoiazot, and its effect on the mineral Karmana’s serpentine tea, the process of obtaining magnesium chloride is studied. The conversion of chlorate salt at various temperatures shown, with two methods: without evaporation of the solution and with its evaporation. The kinetics of the reaction of the formation of magnesium chloride and magnesium chlorate during conversion were studied. The conversion rate, conversion rate constants, and activation energy of the reaction are calculated. Fig.s of the formation of magnesium chlorate at the studied temperatures and times in a three-dimensional system are constructed.
Development of FRP composites using natural fibres for food packaging
Authors: Pant Ruby , Rao G. Mallikarjuna , Kumar K. Bharath , Abbas Haider M. , Ergashev Doniyor , Yuldasheva Intizor , Kapoor Monit
Published: August 2024

Packaging helps to protect and preserves the quality of the goods available for storage and transport purposes. Many businesses have begun to look for new techniques and tactics for better design in order to sell their products, which has boosted the need for change packaging materials. This market segmentation is expected to change significantly by the end of 2018 as Asia is projected to reach for more than 40% of global demand. Many of the popular packaging were plastic materials in form of boxes, cans, bags, bottles, wrappers, envelopes and containers. Those plastic-packaging materials performs well but it becomes non-degradable waste that causes unnecessary landfills and harmful to environment. To overcome such drawbacks, the recent researches reported that the renewable and biodegradable materials have drawn much attention in the packaging domain due to their eco-friendly nature. In this research, the biodegradable composite material has introduced for packaging applications using natural fibres. The different material of natural fibres such as Aloe Vera, Jute and Coir have used as reinforcement to make composite material. The mechanical behavior of Tensile, Compression, Flexural strength and Impact for different composition have studied experimentally and conducted the SEM analysis to determine casting failures. Comparatively, the obtained results show that the Jute material behaves better than others to replace packaging material do.