bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of sleep quality with job burnout among Chinese coal mine staff: a propensity score weighting analysis
Authors: Gao Xue , Ma Kai-Li , Wang Hui , Gao Qian , Lei Li-Jian , Wang Tong
Published: June 2019

This study examines the association of sleep quality with job burnout among Chinese coal mine staff. 3832 subjects were selected from a coal mine group located in Shanxi Province in China. Job burnout was evaluated by the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey and sleep quality was acquired with a self-reported questionnaire. We used the inverse probability of treatment weighting with propensity score to mimic the randomization and to minimize bias in estimations. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to test the robustness of our findings. We identified that good sleep quality was significantly associated with lower risk of job burnout (OR: 0.70; 95%CI, 0.60 to 0.82, p = 6.02e-06), with 0.21 decrease in the score of exhaustion (95%CI,−0.29 to −0.12, p = 5.00e-06), and with 0.13 decrease in the score of cynicism (95%CI,−0.21 to −0.04, p = 3.73e-03). Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the results were robust to the choice of estimation models, as well as unmeasured confounding. Stratification analysis demonstrated that the associations of sleep quality with job burnout were largely heterogeneous for male and female workers. This study implicated that good sleep quality benefits the workers in relief of job burnout. Further research may be warranted in support of a definite causal relationship and intervention strategy.
Peroxiredoxin V (PrdxV) negatively regulates EGFR/Stat3-mediated fibrogenesis via a Cys48-dependent interaction between PrdxV and Stat3
Authors: Choi Hoon-In , Kim Dong-Hyun , Park Jung Sun , Kim In Jin , Kim Chang Seong , Bae Eun Hui , Ma Seong Kwon , Lee Tae-Hoon , Kim Soo Wan
Published: June 2019

Activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) signaling pathway has been reported to be associated with renal fibrosis. We have recently demonstrated that peroxiredoxin V (PrdxV) acted as an antifibrotic effector by inhibiting the activity of Stat3 in TGF-β-treated NRK49F cells. However, the underlying mechanism of PrdxV remains poorly understood. To investigate molecular mechanism of PrdxV, we used a transgenic mouse model expressing PrdxV siRNA (PrdxVsi mice) and performed unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) for 7 days. 209/MDCT cells were transiently transfected with HA-tagged WT PrdxV and C48S PrdxV. Transgenic PrdxVsi mice displayed an exacerbated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as well as an increase in oxidative stress induced by UUO. In the UUO kidney of the PrdxVsi mouse, knockdown of PrdxV increased Tyr1068-specific EGFR and Stat3 phosphorylation, whereas overexpression of WT PrdxV in 209/MDCT cells showed the opposite results. Immunoprecipitation revealed the specific interaction between WT PrdxV and Stat3 in the absence or presence of TGF-β stimulation, whereas no PrdxV-EGFR or C48S PrdxV-Stat3 interactions were detected under any conditions. In conclusion, PrdxV is an antifibrotic effector that sustains renal physiology. Direct interaction between PrdxV and Stat3 through Cys48 is a major molecular mechanism.
CD56 expression in breast cancer induces sensitivity to natural killer-mediated cytotoxicity by enhancing the formation of cytotoxic immunological synapse
Authors: Taouk Ghina , Hussein Ola , Zekak Moussa , Abouelghar Ali , Al-Sarraj Yasser , Abdelalim Essam M. , Karam Manale
Published: June 2019

We examined the potential value of the natural killer (NK) cell line; NK-92, as immunotherapy tool for breast cancer (BC) treatment and searched for biomarker(s) of sensitivity to NK-92-mediated cytotoxicity. The cytotoxic activity of NK-92 cells towards one breast precancerous and nine BC cell lines was analyzed using calcein-AM and degranulation assays. The molecules associated with NK-92-responsiveness were determined by differential gene expression analysis using RNA-sequencing and validated by RT-PCR, immunostaining and flow cytometry. NK-target interactions and immunological synapse formation were assessed by fluorescence microscopy. Potential biomarker expression was determined by IHC in 99 patient-derived BC tissues and 10 normal mammary epithelial tissues. Most (8/9) BC cell lines were resistant while only one BC and the precancerous cell lines were effectively killed by NK-92 lymphocytes. NK-92-sensitive target cells specifically expressed CD56, which ectopic expression in CD56-negative BC cells induced their sensitivity to NK-92-mediated killing, suggesting that CD56 is not only a biomarker of responsiveness but actively regulates NK function. CD56 adhesion molecules which are also expressed on NK cells accumulate at the immunological synapse enhancing NK-target interactions, cytotoxic granzyme B transfer from NK-92 to CD56-expressing target cells and induction of caspase 3 activation in targets. Interestingly, CD56 expression was found to be reduced in breast tumor tissues (36%) with strong inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity in comparison to normal breast tissues (80%). CD56 is a potential predictive biomarker for BC responsiveness to NK-92-cell based immunotherapy and loss of CD56 expression might be a mechanism of escape from NK-immunity.
Network-based identification and characterization of teleconnections on different scales
Authors: Agarwal Ankit , Caesar Levke , Marwan Norbert , Maheswaran Rathinasamy , Merz Bruno , Kurths Jürgen
Published: June 2019

Sea surface temperature (SST) patterns can – as surface climate forcing – affect weather and climate at large distances. One example is El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) that causes climate anomalies around the globe via teleconnections. Although several studies identified and characterized these teleconnections, our understanding of climate processes remains incomplete, since interactions and feedbacks are typically exhibited at unique or multiple temporal and spatial scales. This study characterizes the interactions between the cells of a global SST data set at different temporal and spatial scales using climate networks. These networks are constructed using wavelet multi-scale correlation that investigate the correlation between the SST time series at a range of scales allowing instantaneously deeper insights into the correlation patterns compared to traditional methods like empirical orthogonal functions or classical correlation analysis. This allows us to identify and visualise regions of – at a certain timescale – similarly evolving SSTs and distinguish them from those with long-range teleconnections to other ocean regions. Our findings re-confirm accepted knowledge about known highly linked SST patterns like ENSO and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, but also suggest new insights into the characteristics and origins of long-range teleconnections like the connection between ENSO and Indian Ocean Dipole.
Second-harmonic optical vortex conversion from WS2 monolayer
Authors: Dasgupta Arindam , Gao Jie , Yang Xiaodong
Published: June 2019

Wavelength, polarization and orbital angular momentum of light are important degrees of freedom for processing and encoding information in optical communication. Over the years, the generation and conversion of orbital angular momentum in nonlinear optical media has found many novel applications in the context of optical communication and quantum information processing. With that hindsight, here orbital angular momentum conversion of optical vortices through second-harmonic generation from only one atomically thin WS2 monolayer is demonstrated at room temperature. Moreover, it is shown that the valley-contrasting physics associated with the nonlinear optical selection rule in WS2 monolayer precisely determines the output circular polarization state of the generated second-harmonic vortex. These results pave the way for building future miniaturized valleytronic devices with atomic-scale thickness for many applications such as chiral photon emission, nonlinear beam generation, optoelectronics, and quantum computing.
Mental fatigue is linked with attentional bias for sad stimuli
Authors: Watanabe Kyosuke , Sasaki Akihiro T. , Tajima Kanako , Mizuseki Kenji , Mizuno Kei , Watanabe Yasuyoshi
Published: June 2019

Previous studies have revealed that patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and affective disorders (such as depression and anxiety disorders) exhibit a vigilant attentional bias toward negative emotional stimuli. However, it remains unclear whether the change in an attentional bias for negative emotional stimuli can be induced by mental fatigue in healthy individuals. To address this question, we examined healthy participants’ (n = 27) performance in a visual probe task and emotional Stroop task before and after the mental-fatigue-inducing task. We demonstrated that acute mental fatigue induced by the long-lasting working memory task led to the alteration of cognitive processing of negative emotional information in the healthy volunteers.
High-throughput isolation of giant viruses using high-content screening
Authors: Francis Rania , Ominami Yusuke , Bou Khalil Jacques Yaacoub , La Scola Bernard
Published: June 2019

The race to discover and isolate giant viruses began 15 years ago. Metagenomics is counterbalancing coculture, with the detection of giant virus genomes becoming faster as sequencing technologies develop. Since the discovery of giant viruses, many efforts have been made to improve methods for coculturing amebas and giant viruses, which remains the key engine of isolation of these microorganisms. However, these techniques still lack the proper tools for high-speed detection. In this paper, we present advances in the isolation of giant viruses. A new strategy was developed using a high-throughput microscope for real-time monitoring of cocultures using optimized algorithms targeting infected amebas. After validating the strategy, we adapted a new tabletop scanning electron microscope for high-speed identification of giant viruses directly from culture. The speed and isolation rate of this strategy has raised the coculture to almost the same level as sequencing techniques in terms of detection speed and sensitivity.
From fiber curls to mesh waves: a platform for the fabrication of hierarchically structured nanofibers mimicking natural tissue formation
Authors: Chen Honglin , Baptista Danielle F. , Criscenti Giuseppe , Crispim João , Fernandes Hugo , van Blitterswijk Clemens , Truckenmüller Roman , Moroni Lorenzo
Published: June 2019

Bioinstructive scaffolds for regenerative medicine are characterized by their intrinsic properties that are capable of directing cell response and promoting wound healing.
Picture of the wet electron: a localized transient state in liquid water
Authors: Pizzochero Michele , Ambrosio Francesco , Pasquarello Alfredo
Published: June 2019

We provide an unprecedented view on the nature of the wet electron, which is instrumental to understanding the properties of this fundamental state in liquid water.
Hexaphenyl carbodiphosphorane adducts of heavier group 15 element trichlorides: syntheses, properties and reactivities
Authors: Münzer Jörn E. , Kneusels Nis-Julian H. , Weinert Bastian , Neumüller Bernhard , Kuzu Istemi
Published: June 2019

Herein, we present the series of hexaphenyl carbodiphosphorane (CDPPh) adducts of heavier group 15 trichlorides ECl3 (E = P-Bi).
A sustainable, high-performance process for the economic production of waste-free microbial oils that can replace plant-based equivalents
Authors: Masri Mahmoud A. , Garbe Daniel , Mehlmer Norbert , Brück Thomas B.
Published: June 2019

A economically and ecologically viable, fully integrated yeast oil process.
An in vivo anti-tumor effect of eckol from marine brown algae by improving the immune response
Authors: Zhang Meng-ya , Guo Jie , Hu Xian-min , Zhao Shu-qi , Li Shu-lan , Wang Jun
Published: June 2019

The anti-cancer activities of brown algae and some active extracts or components from brown algae have been demonstrated.
The influence of a solvent on the electronic transport across diamondoid-functionalized biosensing electrodes
Authors: Dou Maofeng , Maier Frank C. , Fyta Maria
Published: June 2019

The conductance across functionalized electrodes embedded in nanopores reveals DNA-specific features even in the presence of water.
Soliton-like propagation of dipole reorientation in confined single-file water chains
Authors: Shen Chun , Qiu Hu , Guo Wanlin
Published: June 2019

Water molecules confined in a narrow nanotube channel orient themselves into a uniformly ordered single-file chain. With an imposed charge, the excited orientation boundary would propagate in a soliton-like manner.
Synthesis of high refractive index polymer with pendent selenium-containing maleimide and use as a redox sensor
Authors: Li Qilong , Ng Kar Lok , Pan Xiangqiang , Zhu Jian
Published: June 2019

A high refractive index polymer was synthesized by the copolymerization of styrene with different functionalizedN-phenyl maleimides, phenyloxide (P1), phenylsulfide (P2), and phenylselenide (P3).
A new family of {Co4Ln8} metallacrowns with a butterfly-shaped structure
Authors: Zhang Hong-Gang , Du Yu-Chang , Yang Hua , Zhuang Man-Yun , Li Da-Cheng , Dou Jian-Min
Published: June 2019

A series of cobalt–lanthanide metallacrowns (MCs) {CoIII4Ln8} (Ln = Dy3+1, Ho3+2 and Tm3+3) based on pyrazinehydroxamic acid (H2pyzha) and pyrazinic acid (Hpyzic) ligands have been synthesized.
Interface modeling of magnetorheological elastomers subjected to variable working strain
Authors: Deng Huaxia , Han Guanghui , Wang Yuanyuan , Deng Jialei , Zhang Jin , Ma Mengchao , Zhong Xiang
Published: June 2019

A magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) is a type of particle–matrix composite material, whose properties depend on the strain to which it is subjected in different applications.
Transient current curvature based protection for multi‐terminal flexible DC distribution systems
Authors: Wang Congbo , Jia Ke , Bi Tianshu , Xuan Zhenwen , Zhu Rui
Published: June 2019

In a flexible DC distribution system, the converters will be blocked within a few milliseconds for its self‐protection during the DC line fault. Using such a short period of the fault transient, it is challenging to identify the correct faulted area. In this study, the characteristics of fault current waveform and sudden change are analysed in detail, and the curvature algorithm is used to extract the current waveform difference between the internal and external faults. Then this study proposes a new scheme for the multi‐terminal DC distribution system. This protection is developed based on natural variation characteristics and curvature of DC current under fault transients. Compared with the di/dt protection to correctly identify internal high impedance fault. The proposed method could identify faults with different high resistances quickly, meet the speed and reliability requirement of the DC distribution system. Numerous tests are carried out in both simulation and hardware experiments. Testing results derived under various fault conditions have demonstrated that internal faults with different impedances can be correctly identified by employing the proposed protection scheme.
Review of GB electricity distribution system's electricity security of supply, reliability and power quality in meeting UK industrial strategy requirements
Authors: Vegunta Sarat Chandra , Watts Christopher François Anthony , Djokic Sasa Z. , Milanović Jovica V. , Higginson Michael J.
Published: June 2019

The United Kingdom (UK) Government's 2017 Industrial Strategy outlines a bold plan centred on making the UK one of the most competitive places in the world to start or grow a business, building on the UK's strengths, extending excellence into the future, and closing the gap between the UK's best performing companies, industries, places and people, and those viewed as less productive. In the context of delivering this strategy, from power system reliability and power quality points of view, this study explores the various challenges and gaps in the Great Britain (GB) electricity distribution system, which is recognised as among the most complex forms of energy exchange that will become the backbone of the emerging digital economy and Industry 4.0. Additionally, the study also provides recommendations to address the identified challenges.
Elimination of current oscillation in isolated three‐port power converters using active damping method
Authors: You Jiang , Vilathgamuwa Mahinda , Ghasemi Negareh , Gong Bing
Published: June 2019

Double switching frequency components of the input current in the isolated three‐port converter (TPC) can be effectively mitigated using an LC circuit at the input side of the converter. Although the LC circuit prevents the high‐frequency current flow into the system, there is a resonant peak in the port current control model that can degrade the control performance and even give rise to instability issues. In this article, an active damping method (ADM) is proposed to enhance the damping ratio of the current control system and decrease the resonance amplitude of the LC circuit. The proposed ADM is fully implemented within the converter control system without any additional circuits or components and as such is seen as a cost‐effective and efficient method. Simulation and experiment results show the effectiveness of the proposed method on the input current oscillation elimination in an isolated TPC.
Effect of different pulse‐width modulation control methods on the behaviour of the series modified switched boost inverter
Authors: Hasan Babayi Nozadian Mohsen , Babaei Ebrahim , Hosseini Seyed Hossein
Published: June 2019

In this study, a switched Z‐source inverter with a new suitable control method is proposed that is called the series modified switched boost inverter (SM‐SBI). In addition, the generalised proposed control method is presented. Furthermore, in order to show the effect of the other control methods on the operation of SM‐SBI, the operation of the proposed inverter is presented using two other control methods. In order to analyse precisely, each of these three switching methods is completely introduced and then the operation of SM‐SBI in these three switching methods is thoroughly stated. In addition, equivalent circuits of the SM‐SBI during these control methods are presented. The voltage and current equations of all elements in the proposed structure based on the three switching methods are derived. In addition, the power loss analysis of SM‐SBI is presented too. In order to show the effect of used control methods on the other conventional structures, a comprehensive comparison between the proposed inverter and the other switched step‐up inverters is shown by applying these three switching methods. In the end, in order to confirm theoretical analyses, the simulation results by using PSCAD/EMTDC software are presented as well as the experimental results.
Modified H‐bridge inverter based fault‐tolerant multilevel topologyfor open‐end winding induction motor drive
Authors: Narender Reddy Kedika , Pradabane Srinivasan
Published: June 2019

This study presents a three‐phase modified H‐bridge based multilevel inverter(MLI) topology for an open‐end winding induction motor drive (OEWIMD). Theoperation of the proposed topology under open‐circuit and short‐circuit faultconditions of a switch is investigated. Proposed MLI topology is designed withthree three‐phase modified H‐Bridge inverters connected in a star configurationto feed an OEWIMD. This topology has advantage of delivering a maximum voltageof twice the supply voltage and is replicated as nine levels in the phasewindings of OEWIMD, thereby reducing the total harmonic distortion. Therefore,lower voltage rating sources such as solar cells or fuel cells can be used forthis topology. This topology becomes cost effective since the operating voltagerange required for the devices is less. Controlling methods such as conventionallevel‐shifted and multi‐reference sinusoidal pulse width modulation techniquescan be applied for this topology. A fault‐tolerance strategy is proposed forinverter switch open‐circuit and short‐circuit faults that adds fault‐tolerancecapability to the proposed topology. Simulations were performed usingMATLAB/Simulink and experimental results are presented for both normal operatingand fault‐tolerance mode that confirms the inherent fault‐tolerance property ofthe proposed MLI topology.
Experimental evaluation of predictive voltage control for a four‐leg two‐stage matrix converter
Authors: Garcia Cristian , Rivera Marco , Rodriguez Jose , Wheeler Pat
Published: June 2019

Model predictive control (MPC) has emerged as a real alternative for the control of different topologies of power converters. In particular, MPC has been successfully applied in matrix converters, significantly reducing the difficulty of control compared with classical techniques. In this study, a predictive voltage control strategy for a four‐leg indirect matrix converter is proposed. The idea is based on the discrete minimisation of a cost function in order to select the best vector state of the power converter to be applied in the next sampling instant. Experimental results are presented to validate the proposal under several operating points.
Design and implementation of a novel auxiliary network based ZVS DC/DC converter topology with MPWM: an application to electric vehicle battery charging
Authors: Srivastava Manaswi , Verma Arun Kumar , Singh Tomar Pavan
Published: June 2019

The DC/DC converter stage has a significant role in the on‐board electric vehicle (EV) battery charger. This study proposes a zero voltage switching (ZVS) full‐bridge DC/DC converter (FBDC) for efficient power conversion with minimal power loss. The simplified auxiliary circuit‐based FBDC consolidate the modified pulse width modulation (MPWM) gating technique for DC/DC conversion stage according to battery profile of the EV. The proposed MPWM can minimise the conduction and switching losses in comparison to the previously proposed converter configuration using conventional phase shift modulation (PSM) gating technique. The size of auxiliary inductance required is reduced with MPWM in comparison to conventional FBDC auxiliary inductance with PSM gating technique. Design and implementation of proposed ZVS FBDC with MPWM are discussed for a 500 W, 80 kHz laboratory prototype and experimental results are presented to validate the design and performance of the proposed converter.
Smart energy coordination of a hybrid wind/ PV with battery storage connected to grid
Authors: Mbungu Nsilulu T. , Bansal Ramesh C. , Naidoo Raj
Published: June 2019

This study presents a smart power strategy coordination for optimal electricity supply. It aims to coordinate the energy flow on the electrical system for a residential application in the southern area of the African continent, in conjunction with an intelligent demand management control strategy. It has been observed that there is a potential for renewable energy resources that can enhance the energy and development of the African continent if used efficiently. In addition, the continent is suffering from several energy crises, which could be resolved by appropriate energy control approaches. It has been observed that incorporating an autonomous smart strategy that can coordinate a hybrid energy supply for a residential energy demand could improve the power grid performance of the Southern African region. In this paper, a smart strategy that develops a dynamic real‐time energy structure control is proposed. This approach uses the ability of smart metering to create a flexible communication control strategy (FCCS), which will manage the demand and the supply of energy. It ensures the consumer's optimal power supply while ensuring stability and good performance on the utility side.
Decentralised DC voltage control and flexible power regulation for multi‐port converter‐based energy router
Authors: Huang Xin , Wang Keyou , Qi Chen , Li Guojie , Zhu Zheng
Published: June 2019

The idea of ‘energy router’ (ER) is put forward as a critical application of the energy Internet (EI), especially in the new generation of electric power system to fulfil the power management and to deal with the integration of massive distributed generations. Furthermore, AC/DC hybrid network becomes a kind of development trend since it can improve the power quality and efficiency compared with adding converters for DC loads. This article proposes a decentralised control method for multi‐port converter (MPC)‐based ERs to achieve flexible power regulation and ‘plug and play’ operation. With the proposed schemes, DC bus voltage can be maintained together by multi‐ER through appropriately adjusting their transmitted power according to the pre‐set power‐sharing ratio. Furthermore, the sharing ratio can be online changed for flexible power regulation. The stability of the system is ensured by Lyapunov method, detailed simulation results are presented to validate the feasibility of the proposed scheme under different operating conditions.
Fuzzy chance constraints model based power reference optimisation of wind farm in system restoration
Authors: Zhou Qian , Huang Xiangqi , Li Hongyi , Zhang Junfang , Kang Mingcai
Published: June 2019

During power system restoration following a blackout, it is necessary to quickly restore as many generator units as possible to accelerate the speed of the system restoration. Considering that wind power of large capacity has the advantages of fast start‐up speed, flexible access method etc., its participation in power system restoration can speed up grid recovery. However, due to wind power fluctuations, the integration of wind power during system restoration may impact the frequency of the restored system. In severe cases, the frequency of the restored system will exceed the limit, which will threaten the safety of the restored system. Consequently, the power reference of the wind farm needs to be optimised during the system restoration. Therefore, an optimisation model of power reference of the wind farm in power restoration based on the fuzzy chance constraints model was proposed in this study. The model maximises the power support of a wind farm on the basis of the safety of the restored system. Simulation results show that this method can provide more power under the condition that the system safety is guaranteed.
Standardisation of wind turbine SCADA data for gearbox fault detection
Authors: Ferguson David , McDonald Alasdair , Carroll James , Lee Hyunjoo
Published: June 2019

This study presents a method of anomaly detection within a gearbox by way of standardising temperature data. Assessing measured parameters in isolation is not sufficient to detect faults within a wind turbine. This technique uses temperature, rotational speed, and generator torque to detect a bearing fault within the gearbox. Standardising data allows a parameter to be analysed which also takes into consideration the operating state of the wind turbine, therefore providing a more holistic view of the health of the wind turbine and component being monitored.
Enhancement in corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity of hydrophobic‐treated CP by PTFE emulsion containing TiN NPs
Authors: Zhou Haikun , Wang Pan , Gao Pingping , Wu Xiaobo , Xie Zhiyong
Published: June 2019

Titanium nitride (TiN)‐modified hydrophobic‐treated carbon paper (CP) was prepared by impregnating CP with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) emulsion containing TiN nanoparticles (NPs). Electrochemical measurements showed that CP witnessed an increase in corrosion resistance and electrical resistivity after treated with 5 wt% PTFE emulsion. Since the sacrifice in electrical conductivity is not beneficial to the application in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), conductive ceramic NPs – TiN NPs were introduced into the CP to further improve its electrical conductivity. It was found that after adding TiN NPs, the electrical resistivity of CP (immersed in 5 wt% PTFE emulsion containing 8 wt% TiN NPs) decreased to a level (3.8 mΩ cm) similar to that of untreated CP (3.5 mΩ cm), and meanwhile there is a further improvement in corrosion resistance, where the corrosion current density (at 1.4 V) of TiN‐modified CP stabilises at the lowest value of 5.50 μA/cm2, as compared with 32.8 and 12.7 μA/cm2 for raw CP and PTFE‐treated CP. According to microstructure characterisation, these improvements could be attributable to the formation of conductive networks and improved PTFE distribution due to the addition of TiN NPs.
GLOSTAR: Radio Source Catalog I. 28° <  ℓ < 36° and |b| < 1°
Authors: Medina S.-N. X. , Urquhart J. S. , Dzib S. A. , Brunthaler A. , Cotton B. , Menten K. M. , Wyrowski F. , Beuther H. , Billington S. J. , Carrasco-Gonzalez C. , Csengeri T. , Gong Y. , Hofner P. , Nguyen H. , Ortiz-León G. N. , Ott J. , Pandian J. D. , Roy N. , Sarkar E. , Wang Y. , Winkel B.
Published: June 2019

Context. Radio continuum surveys of the Galactic plane are an excellent way to identify different source populations such as planetary nebulae, H IIregions, and radio stars and characterize their statistical properties. The Global View of Star Formation in the Milky Way (GLOSTAR) survey will study the star formation in the Galactic plane between −2° < ℓ < 85° and |b| < 1° with unprecedented sensitivity in both flux density (∼40μJy beam−1) and range ofangular scales (∼1".5 to the largest radio structures in the Galaxy).

Aims. In this paper we present the first results obtained from a radio continuum map of a 16-square-degree-sized region of the Galactic plane centered on ℓ = 32° andb = 0° (28° < ℓ < 36° and |b| < 1°). This map has a resolution of 18″ and a sensitivity of ∼60−150μJy beam−1.

Methods. We present data acquired in 40 h of observations with the VLA in D-configuration. Two 1 GHz wide sub-bands were observed simultaneously and they were centered at 4.7 and 6.9 GHz. These data were calibrated and imaged using theObitsoftware package. The source extraction was performed using theBLOBCATsoftware package and verified through a combination of visual inspection and cross-matching with other radio and mid-infrared surveys.

Results. The final catalog consists of 1575 discrete radio sources and 27 large scale structures (including W43 and W44). By cross-matching with other catalogs and calculating the spectral indices (S(ν) ∝ να), we have classified 231 continuum sources as H IIregions, 37 as ionization fronts, and 46 as planetary nebulae. The longitude and latitude distribution and negative spectral indices are all consistent with the vast majority of the unclassified sources being extragalactic background sources.

Conclusions. We present a catalog of 1575 radio continuum sources and discuss their physical properties, emission nature, and relation to previously reported data. These first GLOSTAR results have increased the number of reliable H IIregions in this part of the Galaxy by a factor of four.
Global minima for optimal control of the obstacle problem
Authors: Ali Ahmad Ahmad , Deckelnick Klaus , Hinze Michael
Published: June 2019

An optimal control problem subject to an elliptic obstacle problem is studied. We obtain a numerical approximation of this problem by discretising the PDE obtained via a Moreau–Yosida type penalisation. For the resulting discrete control problem we provide a condition that allows to decide whether a solution of the necessary first order conditions is a global minimum. In addition we show that the corresponding result can be transferred to the limit problem provided that the above condition holds uniformly in the penalisation and discretisation parameters. Numerical examples with unique global solutions are presented.
Critical Care EEG
Authors: Koren Johannes , Herta Johannes , Baumgartner Christoph
Published: June 2019

Neuromonitoring mittels kontinuierlichem EEG (cEEG) kommt bei intensivpflichtigen Patienten immer häufiger zur Anwendung. Mithilfe standardisierter EEG-Kriterien können nicht-konvulsive Anfälle bzw. Status epileptici sowie rhythmische und periodische EEG-Muster unklarer Wertigkeit („ictal-interictal continuum“) verlässlich detektiert und unterschieden werden. Ebenso können mittels cEEG zerebrale Ischämien frühzeitig detektiert, sowie Sedierungs- und Therapiemanagement überwacht und gesteuert werden.
Gründung der Kommission für Digitalisierung in der Physikalischen Medizin und Rehabilitation (DigiPRM)
Authors: Krischak Gert
Published: June 2019

Prof. Dr. med. Gert Krischak

Am Rande des Deutschen Kongresses für Physikalische und Rehabilitative Medizin am 15.04.2019 in Berlin trat erstmals die Kommission für Digitalisierung in der Physikalischen Medizin und Rehabilitation (DigiPRM) der DGPRM zu Ihrer Gründungssitzung zusammen.
Psychomotorische und kognitive Entwicklung und Lebensqualität bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit angeborenem Herzfehler
Authors: Hövels-Gürich Hedwig
Published: June 2019

Kinder mit angeborenem Herzfehler (AHF) haben ein signifikantes Risiko für psychomotorische und kognitive Entwicklungsstörungen mit negativen Auswirkungen auf die psychosoziale Situation, akademische Leistung und Lebensqualität. Wichtigste Risikofaktoren sind angeborene Merkmale wie genetische Anomalien, Art und Schweregrad des AHF und sozioökonomische Faktoren. Pränatal können durch Hypoperfusion oder Hypoxie Reifungs- und Entwicklungsstörungen des Gehirns entstehen mit der Folge postnataler Läsionen der vermehrt vulnerablen Hirnsubstanz und neurologischer Entwicklungsstörungen. Die Hochrisiko-Gruppe umfasst vor allem Säuglinge, bei denen eine Operation am offenen Herzen erforderlich ist. Es bestehen spezifische phänotypische Merkmale der Entwicklung in verschiedenen Lebensaltern: in der frühen Kindheit motorische Defizite und sprachliche Artikulationsprobleme; bei Schulkindern eine Beeinträchtigung von Sprache, Aufmerksamkeit, Gedächtnis, visuell-räumlichen Fähigkeiten, exekutiven Funktionen und motorischen Fähigkeiten, oft in Verbindung mit akademischen Defiziten sowie emotionalen oder sozialen Problemen; im Jugendalter exekutive, psychosoziale sowie psychiatrische Störungen und eine eingeschränkte Lebensqualität; im Erwachsenenalter neurokognitive, psychosoziale sowie Probleme des Selbstmanagements und der beruflichen Perspektive. Körperliche und soziale Funktionsfähigkeit, psychomotorische Entwicklung und psychisches Befinden erweisen sich als Schlüsselfaktoren für die Lebensqualität. Die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Kardiologie fordert für die Hochrisikogruppe der im Säuglingsalter operierten Kinder mit AHF ausführliche serielle neuropsychologische Untersuchungen im Alter von 2 und 5 Jahren, vor Pubertät und vor Beginn des Erwachsenenalters, um frühzeitig Teilleistungsstörungen erkennen und behandeln zu können.
Complex Febrile Seizures: An Update
Authors: Vidaurre Jorge
Published: June 2019

Febrile seizures are the most common seizures in childhood. Febrile seizures are divided into two groups: simple and complex. Simple febrile seizures (SFS) are generalized, short, and occur only once in 24 hours. Complex febrile seizures are prolonged, focal, or repeat more than once in 24 hours. Around 35% of children experience complex features as part of their initial seizure event. These children have more chances of complex recurrences than children with SFS. While the guidelines for SFS remain clear, there are no clear guidelines for the evaluation of children with complex febrile seizures. The conflicting results about electroencephalography (EEG) utilization preclude drawing meaningful conclusions. An EEG can be obtained in children with persistent alteration of consciousness after the seizure, and emergent neuroimaging is not required in most cases. Due to low incidence of bacterial meningitis in the post-vaccination era, it is reasonable to perform lumbar puncture (LP) only if there is clinical concern for central nervous system infection. LP should also be considered in children between 6 and 12 months of age with incomplete or unknown vaccination status or who have been previously treated with antibiotics. Further, antipyretics are used to make children more comfortable during the febrile process, but are ineffective in reducing the rate of seizure reoccurrence. Continuous antiepileptic therapy and intermittent oral diazepam are effective in the prevention of subsequent febrile seizures, but they do not reduce the risk of epilepsy and have potential unwanted side effects. In specific circumstances, the benefits of antiseizure medications may outweigh the risks. Treatment may be a consideration in cases of febrile status: patients with electroclinical features suggesting a specific epilepsy syndrome or children with limited access to health care services.
Intravenous Fluid Prescription Practices in Critically Ill Children: A Shift in Focus from Natremia to Chloremia?
Authors: Bulfon Adrian F. , Alomani Hakem L. , Anton Natalie , Comrie Brooke T. , Rochwerg Bram , Stef Sorina A. , Thabane Lehana , Vanniyasingam Thuva , Choong Karen
Published: June 2019

Our objective is to evaluate intravenous (IV) fluid prescription practice patterns in critically ill children in the first 72 hours of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission and to evaluate the incidence and predictors of hyperchloremic metabolic acidemia (HCMA) and the association between HCMA and adverse outcomes. This retrospective cohort study was conducted in two tertiary-care Canadian PICUs. Children aged 0 to 18 years admitted to the PICU between January 2015 and January 2016 who received at least 50% of their calculated maintenance fluid requirements parenterally during the first 24 hours of admission were included. Children with known preexisting conditions associated with HCMA, such as renal tubular acidosis and gastrointestinal bicarbonate losses, were excluded. Of the 771 children screened, 543 met eligibility criteria and were included. The commonest prescribed maintenance fluid was 0.9% NaCl (72.9%) followed by lactated Ringer's solution (19.6%) and hypotonic solutions (4.6%). Balanced salt solutions (i.e., lactated Ringer's and Plasma-Lyte) were as commonly administered as unbalanced solutions (0.9% NaCl) for volume expansion (49.6 vs. 48.5%, respectively). Medications contributed to a significant proportion of total daily intake, in excess of bolus fluids. The incidence of hyperchloremia and HCMA was 94.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 93.2–96.9; 470/495) and 38.9% (95% CI: 34.6–43.2; 196/504), respectively. Predictors of HCMA were increasing combined bolus and maintenance 0.9% NaCl intake (odds ratio: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.04–1.23) and increasing severity of illness. HCMA was not associated with an increased risk of acute kidney injury, feeding intolerance, or PICU-acquired weakness. Isotonic fluids, specifically 0.9% NaCl, were the most commonly administered maintenance IV fluid in critically ill children. Sources of chloride load are not isolated to resuscitation fluids as previously suggested. Maintenance fluids and fluids administered with medications and IV flushes (fluid creep) are under-recognized significant sources of fluid and electrolyte intake in critically ill children. HCMA is common, and further prospective research is required to determine whether HCMA is indeed harmful in children. However, all significant sources of fluid should be accounted for in the design of future trials comparing balanced and unbalanced salt solutions.
The Safety and Efficacy of Novel Agents Targeting Factors XI and XII in Early Phase Human Trials
Authors: DeLoughery Emma P. , Olson Sven R. , Puy Cristina , McCarty Owen J. T. , Shatzel Joseph J.
Published: June 2019

Although anticoagulation without hemorrhage is a primary aim, this vision has remained as yet out of reach. Even despite the superior safety profile of the direct oral anticoagulants, hemorrhage remains a major risk of anticoagulation. Selective inhibition of the contact pathway of coagulation, specifically coagulation factor XI (FXI) and/or factor XII (FXII), has now substantial epidemiologic and preclinical data supporting the notion that these factors contribute to pathologic thrombosis and are yet primarily dispensable for in vivo hemostasis. In this way, targeting FXI and FXII may revolutionize the future anticoagulation landscape. Several drugs are under development for this purpose, including: ISIS 416858, a FXI antisense oligonucleotide which impairs hepatic synthesis of FXI; MAA868, a monoclonal antibody that binds the procoagulant enzymatic site of both zymogen and activated FXI (FXIa); BAY 1213790, a monoclonal antibody that binds the procoagulant enzymatic site of FXIa only; and AB023, a monoclonal antibody that inhibits activated FXII-mediated activation of FXI, along with two small molecules in clinical trials. Each of these drugs have demonstrated favorable safety profiles in their phases 1 and 2 studies to date, with preclinical data also supporting efficacy of abrogating thrombosis in various animal models. Other benefits of some of these drugs include once-monthly dosing and safety in patients with renal or hepatic impairment, while others offer quickly metabolized parenteral options, thus providing more convenient and widely available anticoagulation options. Though still far from the marketplace, drugs targeting FXI and FXII have the potential to usher in a new era of anticoagulation therapy.
Irreversible Electroporation: Expanding the Armamentarium against Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Lyons Gray R. , Schiro Brian J. , Narayanan Govindarajan
Published: June 2019

Locally advanced pancreatic cancer is often refractory to conventional therapy, thus warranting new approaches. Irreversible electroporation is an ablative modality that has the potential to deliver targeted anticancer treatment with minimal damage to surrounding structures. Indications for irreversible electroporation in pancreatic cancer patients include palliation for metastatic disease, downstaging for surgery in locally advanced disease, and treatment of local recurrence following operative resection. Benefits of the modality in pancreatic cancer include a minimally invasive approach, precise delivery that minimizes nontarget ablation, and upregulation of anticancer immune response. Early studies have demonstrated an acceptable safety profile for irreversible electroporation; however, more data are needed to define the role of IRE in the treatment algorithm of pancreatic cancer.
Ultrahigh elastically compressible and strain-engineerable intermetallic compounds under uniaxial mechanical loading
Authors: Song Gyuho , Borisov Vladislav , Meier William R. , Xu Mingyu , Dusoe Keith J. , Sypek John T. , Valentí Roser , Canfield Paul C. , Lee Seok-Woo
Published: June 2019

Intermetallic compounds possess unique atomic arrangements that often lead to exceptional material properties, but their extreme brittleness usually causes fracture at a limited strain of less than 1% and prevents their practical use. Therefore, it is critical for them to exhibit either plasticity or some form of structural transition to absorb and release a sufficient amount of mechanical energy before failure occurs. This study reports that the ThCr2Si2-structured intermetallic compound (CaFe2As2) and a hybrid of its structure (CaKFe4As4) with 2 µm in diameter and 6 µm in height can exhibit superelasticity with strain up to 17% through a reversible, deformation-induced lattice collapse, leading to a modulus of resilience orders of magnitude higher than that of most engineering materials. Such superelasticity also can enable strain engineering, which refers to the modification of material properties through elastic strain. Density functional theory calculations and cryogenic nanomechanical tests predict that superconductivity in CaKFe4As4 could be turned on/off through the superelasticity process, before fracture occurs, even under uniaxial compression, which is the favorable switching loading mode in most engineering applications. Our results suggest that other members with the same crystal structure (more than 2500 intermetallic compounds) and substitution series based on them should be examined for the possibility of manifesting similar superelastic and strain-engineerable functional properties.
Flow structure and heat transfer of electro-thermo-convection in a dielectric liquid layer
Authors: Lu Zhiming , Liu Guoqing , Wang Bofu
Published: June 2019

Electrothermohydrodynamic flow of dielectric liquid in a square cavity driven by the simultaneous action of Coulomb and buoyancy forces is studied numerically. A high resolution upwind scheme is applied to study the flow bifurcations and heat transfer. We focus on the strong injection case with the nondimensional injection parameter C fixed at C = 10. Two Prandtl numbers Pr = 1 and Pr = 10, two Rayleigh numbers Ra = 105 and Ra = 106, as well as two mobility numbers M = 10 and M = 20 are considered to evaluate the dependence of flow structure and heat transfer on these parameters. Multistates are found to coexist in a wide range of parameter regimes. Various flow patterns such as one-cell, two-cell, four-cell, and multicell flow are observed. The electric field is found to enhance heat transfer more efficiently for large Prandtl number fluid at low mobility parameter and relatively low Rayleigh number.
Resistive stability of cylindrical MHD equilibria with radially localized pressure gradients
Authors: Wright A. M. , Hudson S. R. , Dewar R. L. , Hole M. J.
Published: June 2019

As a step toward understanding 3D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equilibria, for which smooth solutions may not exist, we develop a simple cylindrical model to investigate the resistive stability of MHD equilibria with alternating regions of constant and nonuniform pressure, producing states with continuous total pressure (i.e., no singular current sheets) but discontinuities in the parallel current density. We examine how the resistive stability characteristics of the model change as we increase the localization of pressure gradients at fixed radii, which approaches a discontinuous pressure profile in the zero-width limit. Equilibria with continuous pressure are found to be unstable to moderate/high-m modes and apparently tend toward ideal instability in some cases. We propose that additional geometric degrees of freedom or symmetry breaking via island formation may increase the parameter space on which equilibria of our model are physically realizable, while preserving the radial localization of pressure gradients. This is consistent with the possibility of realizing, in practice, 3D MHD equilibria which support both continuously nested flux surfaces (where ∇p ≠ 0) and chaotic field regions (where ∇p = 0).
Longitudinal strain of epitaxial graphene monolayers on SiC substrates evaluated by z-polarization Raman microscopy
Authors: Saito Yuika , Tokiwa Kenshiro , Kondo Takahiro , Bao Jianfeng , Terasawa Tomo-o , Norimatsu Wataru , Kusunoki Michiko
Published: June 2019

Longitudinal strains in epitaxial monolayer graphene (EMG) grown on SiC substrates were evaluated by z-polarization Raman microscopy. Due to the covalent bonds formed at the interface between graphene and the substrate, strong compressive strains were loaded on the EMG, which were sensitively detected by Raman spectroscopy. Our polarization Raman microscope was specially designed for evaluating the longitudinal (z-polarization) strain, as well as the lateral (xy-polarization). Z-polarization Raman microscopy revealed the relationship between the fluctuation of the local strains and the sample morphology in the SiC-graphene through submicron spatial resolution mapping. The amount of strain estimated through Raman shift and its spatial inhomogeneity have critical influence on the mobility of electrons, which are essential for future device applications of EMG.