bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Sequential Treatment of Abaloparatide Followed by Alendronate Versus Teriparatide Followed by Alendronate in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis in the United States
Authors: Le Quang A. , Hay Joel W. , Becker Russell , Wang Yamei
Published: August 2018

Background: The US Food and Drug Administration has recently approved abaloparatide (ABL) for treatment of women with postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) at high risk of fracture. With increasing health care spending and drug prices, it is important to quantify the value of newly available treatment options for PMO. Objective: To determine cost-effectiveness of ABL compared with teriparatide (TPTD) for treatment of women with PMO in the United States. Methods: A discrete-event simulation (DES) model was developed to assess cost-effectiveness of ABL from the US health care perspective. The model included three 18-month treatment strategies with either placebo (PBO), TPTD, or ABL, all followed by additional 5-year treatment with alendronate (ALN). High-risk patients were defined as women with PMO ⩾65 years old with a prior vertebral fracture. Baseline clinical event rates, risk reductions, and patient characteristics were based on the Abaloparatide Comparator Trial in Vertebral Endpoints (ACTIVE) trial. Results: Over a 10-year period, the DES model yielded average total discounted per-patient costs of $10 212, $46 783, and $26 837 and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) of 6.742, 6.781, and 6.792 for PBO/ALN, TPTD/ALN, and ABL/ALN, respectively. Compared with TPTD/ALN, ABL/ALN accrued higher QALYs at lower cost and produced an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $333 266/QALY relative to PBO/ALN. In high-risk women, ABL/ALN also had more QALYs and less cost over TPTD/ALN and yielded an ICER of $188 891/QALY relative to PBO/ALN. Conclusion and Relevance: ABL is a dominant treatment strategy over TPTD. In women with PMO at high risk of fracture, ABL is an alternative cost-effective treatment.
Modelling and validation of a seat suspension with rubber spring for off-road vehicles
Authors: Zhao Leilei , Yu Yuewei , Zhou Changcheng , Yang Fuxing
Published: August 2018

To improve seat performance of low-frequency vibration isolation, this paper investigates a new type of seat suspension with a hollow composite rubber spring. To better describe the real system, a nonlinear suspension model was built. Then, the model parameters were identified and validated, the results show that the model is workable and the identified parameters are acceptable. The acceleration transmissibility of the new suspension was also analyzed by test and simulation. The resonant frequencies measured are close to the simulated under different excitation amplitudes, and all the relative deviations of the resonant frequency are less than 2.0%. Finally, in order to make clear how much the new suspension is better than the traditional suspension with the coil spring, the comparison of ride comfort was conducted under different working conditions. The results show that the new suspension can more effectively attenuate the low frequency from the uneven ground, meanwhile, it can provide a more stable support so that the driver can control the vehicle effectively. The model proposed can be used to predict the performance of the new seat suspension. The new suspension and the model provide a valuable reference for broadening the type of the seat suspension and exploring the optimal performance.
Leak detection for galvanized steel pipes due to loosening of screw thread connections based on acoustic emission and neural networks
Authors: Song YJ , Li SZ
Published: August 2018

Galvanized steel pipes with screw thread connections are widely used in indoor gas transportation. In contrast with the failure of pipe tubes, leakage in this system is prone to occur in the screw thread connections. Aiming at this specific engineering application, a method based on acoustic emission (AE) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) is proposed to detect small gas leaks. Experiments are conducted on a specifically designed galvanized steel pipe system with the manipulated leak occurring in the screw thread connection to acquire the raw AE data. The features in the time and frequency domains are extracted and selected to establish an ANN model for leak detection. It has been validated that the developed ANN-based leak detector can achieve an identification accuracy of over 98%. It is also verified that the proposed model is effective even when the AE signals due to a small leak pass over two screw thread connections or an elbow connection.
Gender Differences in Intimate Partner Violence: A Predictive Analysis of IPV by Child Abuse and Domestic Violence Exposure During Early Childhood
Authors: Jung Hyunzee , Herrenkohl Todd I. , Skinner Martie L. , Lee Jungeun Olivia , Klika J. Bart , Rousson Ashley N.
Published: August 2018

This study focused on gender differences in the prediction of adult intimate partner violence (IPV) by subtypes of child abuse and children’s exposure to IPV. Latent classes of adult IPV consisted of a no violence (20.3%), a psychological violence only (46.2%), a psychological and sexual violence (9.2%), a multitype violence and intimidation (6.8%), and a psychological and physical violence with low intimidation class (17.5%). Physical–emotional child abuse and domestic violence exposure predicted a higher likelihood of multitype violence for males. Sexual abuse predicted a higher likelihood of this same class for females. Implications for future research and prevention are discussed.
Ecocentrism and criminal justice
Authors: White Rob
Published: August 2018

Ecocentrism refers to valuing nature for its own sake. This ecophilosophical orientation requires that all social practices incorporate ecological sensitivities and heightened awareness of the intrinsic value of non-human entities. This article explores what ecocentrism means for criminal justice and how the core principles of an ecocentric worldview translate into concrete application. Trends within criminal justice that are broadly supportive or reflective of ecocentrism are summarized. The article also considers the limitations of ecocentrism, particularly in the context of criminal law and in regards to the prosecution of human subjects for environmental offences. A basic premise of the article is that for those interested in eco-justice and green criminology, it is vitally important to describe what an eco-just future might look like, and this includes recognition of and support for already existing ecocentric initiatives evident in some policies and practices across criminal justice institutions.
Playing the Other: Role-playing religion in videogames
Authors: de Wildt Lars , Aupers Stef
Published: August 2018

In contemporary ‘post-secular society’, videogames like Assassin’s Creed, BioShock Infinite or World of Warcraft are suffused with religious elements. Departing from a critique on studies perceiving such in-game representations as discriminatory forms of religious Othering, the main research question of this article is: how does role-playing the (non-)religious Other in games affect the worldview of players? The study is based on a qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews held with 20 international players from different (non-)religious backgrounds. Rather than seeing religion in games as representations of ‘Othering’, the analysis demonstrates that players from different (non-)religious beliefs take on different worldviews while role-playing the (non-)religious Other. Atheists relativize their own position, opening up to the logic of religious worldviews; Christians, Hindus and Muslims, in turn, compare traditions and may draw conclusions about the similarities underlying different world religions. Other players ‘slip into a secular mindset’, gradually turning towards the position of a ‘religious none’. It is concluded that playing the religious Other in videogames provides the opportunity to suspend (non-)religious worldviews and empathize with the (non-)religious Other. The relevance of these findings is related to broader sociological debates about ‘post-secular society’ and the alleged increase of religious fundamentalism, conflict and mutual Othering.
The total consumption model applied to gambling: Empirical validity and implications for gambling policy
Authors: Rossow Ingeborg
Published: August 2018

Aim:

The total consumption model (TCM) originates from studies of the distribution of alcohol consumption and posits that there is a strong association between the total consumption and the prevalence of excessive/harmful consumption in a population. The policy implication of the TCM is that policy measures which effectively lead to a reduction of the total consumption, will most likely also reduce the extent of harmful consumption and related harms. Problem gambling constitutes a public health issue and more insight into problem gambling at the societal level and a better understanding of how public policies may impact on the harm level, are strongly needed. The aim of this study was to review the literature pertaining to empirical validity of the TCM with regard to gambling behaviour and problem gambling and, on the basis of the literature review, to discuss the policy implications of the TCM.

Methods:

The study is based on a literature mapping through systematic searches in literature databases, and forward and backward reference searches.

Results:

The literature searches identified a total of 12 empirical studies that examined the total consumption model or provided relevant data. All but one of these studies found empirical support for the TCM; that is, a positive association between population gambling mean and prevalence of excessive or problem gambling. Such associations were found both with cross-sectional data and with longitudinal data.

Conclusion:

There is a small but fairly consistent literature lending empirical support to the total consumption model. An important policy implication is that interventions which are successful in reducing overall gambling are likely also to reduce problem gambling incidence.
Effect of age and duration of driving on hearing status of Indian agricultural tractor drivers
Authors: Khadatkar Abhijit , Mehta CR
Published: August 2018

Tractor noise is critical occupational hazard which is the major cause of hearing impairment among Indian agricultural farm workers. The study aimed to show the effect of age and driving exposure on hearing impairment of drivers. Ninety healthy male subjects of similar age, height, and weight were selected and divided into four groups, i.e. 21–30, 31–40, 41–50, and 51–60 years. The audiometric testing was conducted of both the ears at 10 different frequencies, i.e. 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 kHz. The hearing threshold levels of office workers at audiometric test frequencies did not exceed 25 dB(A) to cause hearing handicap. However, it exceeded 25 dB(A) for tractor drivers and was higher for higher age group tractor drivers. Whereas, it did not exceeded 25 dB(A) at the audiometric test frequencies for the office workers except at 51–60 years of age group. Also, with the increase in age group and increase of driving experience, the mean hearing threshold levels of tractor drivers increase. It was concluded that the occupational hazards of tractor driving significantly increased the hearing threshold levels and the risk is even higher for the tractor drivers with ≥15 years of driving experience. Also, the mean hearing threshold levels for tractor drivers increase with increase in driving experience.
A social cognitive approach to traditional media content and social media use: Selfie-related behavior as competitive strategy
Authors: Stefanone Michael A , Yue Zhiying , Toh Zena
Published: August 2018

Mass media systems play increasingly prevalent roles in our lives. However, the relationship between traditional mass media exposure and behavior on social media is unclear, particularly in the context of selfie-related behavior, which includes capturing, editing, and sharing images of oneself. In the tradition of social cognitive theory, we argue that reality television (RTV) models a value system focused on the self and competition with others, and hypothesize a model where self-worth based on competition mediates the relationship between RTV viewing and selfie-related behavior. Path analysis results from survey data ( N = 334) support the mediation model. Selfie-related behavior was explicated and measured via novel instruments. Audience variables including online network size and diversity also played roles in selfie editing and sharing, as did specific social media platforms. Results are discussed in the context of evolving media systems.
Sheet-bulk forming of three-dimensional features in metal and polymer blanks
Authors: Magrinho JP , Silva MB , Martins PAF
Published: August 2018

The main objective of this paper is to investigate material flow and force requirement in sheet-bulk forming processes where loading is applied perpendicular to sheet thickness. The presentation draws from material characterization to experimental and numerical analysis of process parameters related to the material and geometry of the blanks, and to the shape of the forming punches. The work is performed in aluminum AA-5754-H111 and polycarbonate and is a step towards exploring the potential of using sheet-bulk forming to produce polymer parts at room temperature. Incremental sheet-bulk forming of polymer rack gears demonstrate the potential of the process to fabricate small batches of complicate parts widely used in machines and mechanisms.
ZLc002, a putative small-molecule inhibitor of nNOS interaction with NOS1AP, suppresses inflammatory nociception and chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain and synergizes with paclitaxel to reduce tumor cell viability
Authors: Lee Wan-Hung , Carey Lawrence M , Li Li-Li , Xu Zhili , Lai Yvonne Y , Courtney Michael J , Hohmann Andrea G
Published: August 2018

Elevated N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activity contributes to central sensitization. Our laboratories and others recently reported that disrupting protein–protein interactions downstream of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors suppresses pain. Specifically, disrupting binding between the enzyme neuronal nitric oxide synthase and either its upstream (postsynaptic density 95 kDa, PSD95) or downstream (e.g. nitric oxide synthase 1 adaptor protein, NOS1AP) protein partners suppressed inflammatory and/or neuropathic pain. However, the lack of a small-molecule neuronal nitric oxide synthase-NOS1AP inhibitor has hindered efforts to validate the therapeutic utility of disrupting the neuronal nitric oxide synthase-NOS1AP interface as an analgesic strategy. We, therefore, evaluated the ability of a putative small-molecule neuronal nitric oxide synthase-NOS1AP inhibitor ZLc002 to disrupt binding between neuronal nitric oxide synthase and NOS1AP using ex vivo, in vitro, and purified recombinant systems and asked whether ZLc002 would suppress inflammatory and neuropathic pain in vivo. In vitro, ZLc002 reduced co-immunoprecipitation of full-length NOS1AP and neuronal nitric oxide synthase in cultured neurons and in HEK293T cells co-expressing full-length neuronal nitric oxide synthase and NOS1AP. However, using a cell-free biochemical binding assay, ZLc002 failed to disrupt the in vitro binding between His-neuronal nitric oxide synthase1-299 and glutathione S-transferase-NOS1AP400-506, protein sequences containing the required binding domains for this protein–protein interaction, suggesting an indirect mode of action in intact cells. ZLc002 (4–10 mg/kg i.p.) suppressed formalin-evoked inflammatory pain in rats and reduced Fos protein-like immunoreactivity in the lumbar spinal dorsal horn. ZLc002 also suppressed mechanical and cold allodynia in a mouse model of paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain. Anti-allodynic efficacy was sustained for at least four days of once daily repeated dosing. ZLc002 also synergized with paclitaxel when administered in combination to reduce breast (4T1) or ovarian (HeyA8) tumor cell line viability but did not alter tumor cell viability without paclitaxel. Our results verify that ZLc002 disrupts neuronal nitric oxide synthase-NOS1AP interaction in intact cells and demonstrate, for the first time, that systemic administration of a putative small-molecule inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase-NOS1AP suppresses inflammatory and neuropathic pain.
Volume assessment magnetic resonance imaging technique for monitoring perianal Crohn’s fistulas
Authors: Lung Phillip F. C. , Sahnan Kapil , Burling David , Burn James , Tozer Phillip , Yassin Nuha , Adegbola Samuel O. , Baldwin-Cleland Rachel , Warusavitarne Janindra , Gupta Arun , Faiz Omar , Phillips Robin K. S. , Hart Ailsa L.
Published: August 2018

Background:

Perianal Crohn’s fistula and their response to anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) therapies are best assessed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but radiologist reporting is subjective and variable. This study investigates whether segmentation software could provide precise and reproducible objective measurements of fistula volume.

Methods:

Retrospective analysis of patients with perianal Crohn’s fistula at our institution between 2007 and 2013. Pre- and post-biologic MRI scans were used with varying time intervals. A total of two radiologists recorded fistula volumes, mean signal intensity and time taken to measure fistula volumes using validated Open Source segmentation software. A total of three radiologists assessed fistula response to treatment (improved, worse or unchanged) by comparing MRI scans.

Results:

A total of 18 cases were reviewed for this pilot study. Inter-observer variability was very good for volume and mean signal intensity; intra-class correlation (ICC) 0.95 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.91–0.98] and 0.95 (95% CI 0.90–0.97) respectively. Intra-observer variability was very good for volume and mean signal intensity; ICC 0.99 (95% CI 0.97–0.99) and 0.98 (95% CI 0.95–0.99) respectively. Average time taken to measure fistula volume was 202 s and 250 s for readers 1 and 2. Agreement between three specialist radiologists was good [kappa 0.69 (95% CI 0.49–0.90)] for the subjective assessment of fistula response. Significant association was found between objective percentage volume change and subjective consensus agreement of response ( p = 0.001). Median volume change for improved, stable or worsening fistula response was −67% [interquartile range (IQR): −78, −47], 0% (IQR: −16, +17), and +487% (IQR: +217, +559) respectively.

Conclusion:

Quantification of fistula volumes and signal intensities is feasible and reliable, providing an objective measure of perianal Crohn’s fistula and response to treatment.
Combining cholesterol-lowering strategies with imaging data: a visible benefit?
Authors: Koenig Wolfgang , Giovas Periklis , Nicholls Stephen J
Published: August 2018

Coronary artery disease is characterised by the development of atherosclerotic plaques and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality on a global level. However, many patients with atherosclerosis are asymptomatic and the prediction of acute coronary events is challenging. The role of imaging studies in characterising plaque morphology and stability is emerging as a valuable prognostic tool, while providing evidence for the beneficial effects of cholesterol-lowering therapy on plaque burden. This review provides an overview of contemporary studies describing the value of imaging strategies for atherosclerotic plaques. Coronary angiography is commonly used in the clinical setting, but requires a significant radiation dose (similar to computed tomography). Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of coronary vessels would avoid exposure to ionising radiation, but is not yet feasible due to motion artefacts. The roles of alternative imaging techniques, including grey-scale intravascular ultrasound, optical coherence tomography and near-infrared spectroscopy have emerged in recent years. In particular, grey-scale intravascular ultrasound has been effectively applied to detect changes in plaque burden and features of plaques predictive of rupture, as well as plaque characteristics during cholesterol-lowering therapy, providing novel insights into factors that may contribute to treatment effectiveness. Challenges and limitations to the use of imaging techniques are considered in this context, along with future imaging strategies.
Post-growth strategies can be more feasible than techno-fixes: Focus on working time
Authors: Antal Miklós
Published: August 2018

For sufficiently fast climate change mitigation, strategies once considered unthinkable have to be discussed. As negative-emission technologies and solar geoengineering are risky, social and economic innovations are needed as well. Working time reduction is a completely neglected strategy that needs urgent attention in climate–economy models and policy.
Recanalisation of a congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt previously attenuated with cellophane banding in a cat
Authors: Crowley James , Foo Timothy , Boland Lara , Brunel Laurencie
Published: August 2018

Case summary

A congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt was attenuated with commercial roll cellophane banding in a cat and postoperative liver changes were monitored using CT angiography (CTA). The patient clinically improved after cellophane banding, characterised by resolution of hepatic encephalopathy, weight gain, reference interval (RI) bile acid stimulation tests, as well as CTA-documented increased liver size, increased hepatic vasculature and shunt attenuation. Six months later the cat re-presented with recurrence of clinical signs and increased bile acids. CTA confirmed recanalisation of the shunt. Shunt attenuation was repeated using pure cellophane banding and nearly complete closure of the shunt was later documented by CTA. Seven months later, recanalisation was again documented via CTA and associated with clinical signs and increased bile acids. Complete ligation of the shunt was achieved using a polypropylene ligature and a titanium ligating clip. At long-term follow-up, the cat was clinically well, and bile acids and biochemistry were within the RIs.

Relevance and novel information

This is the first report of CTA-documented recanalisation of an extrahepatic portosystemic shunt previously attenuated with cellophane banding. Recanalisation should be considered as a differential for recurrence of hepatic encephalopathy following cellophane banding.
Bone density measurements adjacent to acetabular cups in total hip arthroplasty using dual-energy CT: an in vivo reliability and agreement study
Authors: Mussmann Bo , Andersen Poul Erik , Torfing Trine , Overgaard Søren
Published: August 2018

Background

Measuring bone mineral density (BMD) around acetabular prosthetic components with computed tomography (CT) is challenged by the complex anatomy and metal artifacts. Three-dimensional (3D) segmentation is required for the analysis, but it is usually not practically applicable on current CT workstations

Purpose

To test the between-scan agreement and reliability of custom segmentation software for BMD measurements adjacent to cemented and uncemented acetabular cups in dual-energy CT (DECT).

Material and Methods

Twenty-four male patients with total hip arthroplasty were scanned and rescanned using 130-keV virtual monochromatic DECT images. Hemispherical regions of interest were defined slice-by-slice and BMD was calculated around the acetabular cup using custom segmentation software.

Results

In the uncemented cup, the mean BMD was 153 mg/cm3 with a between-scan difference of 10 mg/cm3 ( P < 0.0001). In the cemented cup, the mean BMD was 186 mg/cm3 with a between-scan difference of 6 mg/cm3 ( P = 0.15). In both uncemented and cemented cups the intraclass correlation coefficient between repeated measurements was >0.95 and narrow Bland–Altman Limits of Agreement.

Conclusion

BMD can be measured with high absolute between-scan agreement and good reliability adjacent to acetabular cemented and uncemented cups using DECT and segmentation software.
A Review of Goal-Directed Cardiopulmonary Bypass Management in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Medikonda Ravi , Ong Chin Siang , Wadia Rajeev , Goswami Dheeraj , Schwartz Jamie , Wolff Larry , Hibino Narutoshi , Vricella Luca , Barodka Viachaslau , Steppan Jochen
Published: August 2018

Cardiopulmonary bypass perfusion management significantly affects postoperative outcomes. In recent years, the principles of goal-directed therapy have been applied to the field of cardiothoracic surgery to improve patient outcomes. Goal-directed therapy involves continuous peri- and postoperative monitoring of vital clinical parameters to tailor perfusion to each patient’s specific needs. Closely measured parameters include fibrinogen, platelet count, lactate, venous oxygen saturation, central venous oxygen saturation, mean arterial pressure, perfusion flow rate, and perfusion pulsatility. These parameters have been shown to influence postoperative fresh frozen plasma transfusion rate, coagulation state, end-organ perfusion, and mortality. In this review, we discuss the recent paradigm shift in pediatric perfusion management toward goal-directed perfusion.
Current Topics and Controversies in Pediatric Heart Transplantation: Proceedings of the Pediatric Heart Transplantation Summit 2017
Authors: Chen Jonathan M. , Canter Charles E. , Hsu Daphne T. , Kindel Steven J. , Law Yuk M. , McKeever James E. , Pahl Elfriede , Schumacher Kurt R.
Published: August 2018

In October 2017, a pediatric heart transplant summit was held in Seattle—the first of its kind internationally—which focused solely upon controversies in pediatric end-stage heart failure management and pediatric heart transplantation. We selected five of the most popular and contentious topics and asked the speakers to provide a position paper. Worldwide, the vast majority of programs perform only a handful of pediatric heart transplants a year. Because of this, these “orphan” areas of investigation provide an opportunity for us as a community to aggregate our collective knowledge, which may represent the only viable way that we might sort through these complex and controversial issues in the field. We hope this represents the first of many such conferences and that this initial selection of papers encourages us to begin this collaborative process.
Predictive Factors for Discharge Destination Following Posterior Lumbar Spinal Fusion: A Canadian Spine Outcome and Research Network (CSORN) Study
Authors: Morcos Mina W. , Jiang Fan , McIntosh Greg , Ahn Henry , Dea Nicolas , Abraham Edward , Paquet Jerome , Natara Andrew , Johnson Michael , Manson Neil , Fisher Charles , Rampersaud Raja , Thomas Kenneth , Hall Hamilton , Weber Michael
Published: August 2018

Study Design:

Ambispective cohort study.

Objective:

Patients spend on average 3 to 7 days in hospital after lumbar fusion surgery. Patients who are unable to be discharged home may require a prolonged hospital stay while awaiting a bed at a rehabilitation facility, adding cost and imposing a considerable burden on the health care system. Our objective is to identify patient or procedure related predictors of discharge destination for patients undergoing posterior lumbar fusion.

Methods:

Analysis of data from the Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network. Patients who underwent lumbar fusion for degenerative pathology between 2008 and 2015 were identified. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of the discharge destination.

Results:

A total of 643 patients were identified from the database, 87.1% of the patients (N = 560) were discharged home while 12.9% (N = 83) required discharge to nonhome facilities. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, the predictors for discharge to a facility rather than home were identified including: increasing age (odds ratio [OR] 1.045, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.017 -1.075, P < .002), increasing body mass index (BMI) (OR 1.069, 95% CI 1.021 -1.118, P < .004), increasing disability score (OR 1.025, 95% CI 1.004 -1.046, P < .02), living alone preoperatively (OR 1.916, 95% CI 1.004-3.654, P < .05), increasing operating time (OR 1.005, 95% CI 1.003 -1.008, P < .0001), need for blood transfusion (OR 3.32, 95% CI 1.687-6.528, P < .001), and multilevel fusion surgery (OR 1.142, 95% CI 1.007 -1.297, P < .04).

Conclusions:

Older age, high BMI, living alone, high disability score, extended surgical time, blood transfusion, and multilevel fusion are significant factors that increase the odds of being discharged to facilities other than home.

Level of Evidence:

Level 3.
Long-Term Results of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Hamstring Grafts and the Outside-In Technique: A Comparison Between 5- and 15-Year Follow-up
Authors: Ponzo Antonio , Monaco Edoardo , Basiglini Luca , Iorio Raffaele , Caperna Ludovico , Drogo Piergiorgio , Conteduca Fabio , Ferretti Andrea
Published: August 2018

Background:

Increased femoral tunnel widening and weakness of the hamstring muscles postoperatively have been described as potential adverse events after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) with a hamstring graft. Meniscectomy and cartilage lesions are important factors for the development of degenerative osteoarthritis.

Purpose:

To compare 15-year follow-up data with 5-year follow-up data from the same cohort of patients after ACLR with a hamstring autograft using an outside-in technique.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A total of 72 patients who underwent anatomic ACLR with a quadruple hamstring graft and an outside-in technique were selected for this prospective study. Patients were reviewed at a minimum follow-up of 15 years. Results were compared with the same series of patients previously reviewed at 5 years after surgery. Lysholm, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), and Tegner scores as well as KT-1000 arthrometer measurements were obtained at final follow-up. Comparative weightbearing radiographs were obtained and analyzed according to the Fairbank, Kellgren-Lawrence, and IKDC classifications and used for the tunnel evaluation.

Results:

No significant difference was detected on the subjective evaluation. Objectively, patients categorized as A or B according to the IKDC score were not significantly different at 5 and 15 years ( P < .01). A KT-1000 arthrometer side-to-side manual maximum difference >5 mm, a pivot shift >2+, any giving-way episode, and ACL revision surgery were considered as failures, and these were noted in 6 patients at 5 years and 6 patients at 15 years. The radiological evaluation at 15 years showed a higher rate of osteoarthritis in 2 of 3 radiological scales used in the study compared with results at 5-year follow-up ( P < .01). At 15-year follow-up, there was a statistically significant reduction in the mean tibial tunnel diameter ( P < .01).

Conclusion:

Endoscopic single-bundle ACLR using hamstring grafts and an outside-in technique demonstrated good results at 15-year follow-up in terms of subjective, objective, and radiographic evaluations. As compared with 5-year follow-up, clinical results remained stable both subjectively and objectively. However, a progression of osteoarthritis changes was observed, especially in patients in whom meniscectomy had been performed.
Vasomotor reactions in the face and head of patients with migraine
Authors: Wienholtz Nita , Christensen Casper Emil , Egeberg Alexander , Thyssen Jacob P , Ashina Messoud
Published: August 2018

Objective:

To systematically review extracranial vasomotor reactions in patients with migraine, and to discuss potential overlaps with rosacea.

Background:

Autonomic manifestations are common in migraine and may reflect trigeminovascular system activation. Flushing during migraine attacks may indicate altered extracranial vasomotor reactivity which resembles that of the facial skin disorder rosacea.

Methods:

PubMed and EMBASE were searched for studies investigating extracranial vascular reactions in migraine and rosacea published until January 2018.

Results:

We uncovered 41 studies investigating extracranial circulation in migraine and 12 studies in rosacea. Skin temperature was generally lower on the forehead, nose and hands of migraine patients compared to controls. The superficial temporal artery (STA) showed greater amplitude variations in migraine patients compared to controls, and compression of either the STA or the common carotid artery during attacks led to transient pain relief in about one-third of the investigated patients. Facial skin blood flow was asymmetrical in migraine patients compared to healthy volunteers.

Conclusion:

Findings on extracranial microcirculation suggest an altered function of the autonomic nervous system in migraine patients. Similar signs of autonomic nervous system dysfunction are reported in rosacea. We suggest an overlap in autonomic and neurovascular pathophysiology in migraine and rosacea.
Variations of a Commonly Used Medication Adherence Assessment Scale: Do Changes in Scale Change Structure Results?
Authors: Nobles Brittney M. , Erickson Steven R.
Published: August 2018

Background: Medication nonadherence is a major barrier to both patients and health care professionals when trying to manage medical conditions. An appropriate self-report adherence tool would be helpful in determining a patient’s medication adherence. Objectives: To observe variations in scale scores based on modifications to an Original Adherence Scale, with the hypothesis that making modifications to the Original Adherence Scale will create variations in the percentage of adherent patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized mailed surveys to people identified in a prescription claims administrative dataset who had a pharmacy claim for at least 2 antihypertensive medications. One thousand people were equally divided and randomly placed in 1 of 4 groups: Original Adherence Scale Group, Time Reference Scale Group, 4-Point Likert-Type Scale Group, Multiple Medication Scales Group. Each scale underwent assessment of internal reliability using Cronbach’s α. Changes made to the Original 4-item scale included altering the time reference period from 3 months to 7 days, changing response options from Yes/No to a Likert-type scale, and incorporating multiple scales so that the respondent may report on up to 4 different options. Results: There were 437 surveys completed appropriately, yielding a 46.4% response rate. The overall scale scores indicating perfect adherence was 51.8% for the 4-Point Likert-Type Scale Group, 66.5% for the Multiple Medication Scales Group, 68.8% for the Original Adherence Scale Group, and 78.9% for the Time Reference Scale Group. Conclusion: When there are more selection options, a change in time reference, or more medications reported, the amount of adherent patients varied.
Human AML activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway to impair NK cell development and function
Authors: Scoville Steven D. , Nalin Ansel P. , Chen Luxi , Chen Li , Zhang Michael H. , McConnell Kathleen , Beceiro Casas Susana , Ernst Gabrielle , Traboulsi Abd Al-Rahman , Hashi Naima , Williams Monica , Zhang Xiaoli , Hughes Tiffany , Mishra Anjali , Benson Don M. , Saultz Jennifer N. , Yu Jianhua , Freud Aharon G. , Caligiuri Michael A. , Mundy-Bosse Bethany L.
Published: August 2018

Key Points

Human and murine AML activate the AHR pathway, which can regulate miR-29b expression and impair NK cell development and function. AML-induced impairment of NK cell development and function can be reversed with AHR antagonist.
Evaluating the potential costs and impact of digital health technologies for tuberculosis treatment support
Authors: Nsengiyumva Ntwali Placide , Mappin-Kasirer Benjamin , Oxlade Olivia , Bastos Mayara , Trajman Anete , Falzon Dennis , Schwartzman Kevin
Published: August 2018

Ensuring adherence and support during treatment of tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health challenge. Digital health technologies could help improve treatment outcomes. We considered their potential cost and impact on treatment for active or latent TB in Brazil.

Decision analysis models simulated two adult cohorts with 1) drug-susceptible active TB, and 2) multidrug-resistant TB, and two cohorts treated with isoniazid for latent TB infection (LTBI): 1) close contacts of persons with active TB, and 2) others newly diagnosed with LTBI. We evaluated four digital support strategies: two different medication monitors, synchronous video-observed therapy (VOT), and two-way short message service (SMS). Comparators were standard directly observed treatment for active TB and self-administered treatment for LTBI. Projected outcomes included costs (2016 US dollars), plus active TB cases and disability-adjusted life years averted among persons with LTBI.

For individuals with active TB, medication monitors and VOT are projected to lead to substantial (up to 58%) cost savings, in addition to alleviating inconvenience and cost to patients of supervised treatment visits. For LTBI treatment, SMS and medication monitors are projected to be the most cost-effective interventions. However, all projections are limited by the scarcity of published estimates of clinical effect for the digital technologies.
Stratifying infants with cystic fibrosis for disease severity using intestinal organoid swelling as a biomarker of CFTR function
Authors: de Winter-de Groot Karin M. , Janssens Hettie M. , van Uum Rick T. , Dekkers Johanna F. , Berkers Gitte , Vonk Annelotte , Kruisselbrink Evelien , Oppelaar Hugo , Vries Robert , Clevers Hans , Houwen Roderick H.J. , Escher Johanna C. , Elias Sjoerd G. , de Jonge Hugo R. , de Rijke Yolanda B. , Tiddens Harm A.W.M. , van der Ent Cornelis K. , Beekman Jeffrey M.
Published: August 2018

Forskolin-induced swelling (FIS) of intestinal organoids from individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) measures function of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), the protein mutated in CF.

We investigated whether FIS corresponds with clinical outcome parameters and biomarkers of CFTR function in 34 infants diagnosed with CF. Relationships with FIS were studied for indicators of pulmonary and gastrointestinal disease.

Children with low FIS had higher levels of immunoreactive trypsinogen (p=0.030) and pancreatitis-associated protein (p=0.039), more often had pancreatic insufficiency (p<0.001), had more abnormalities on chest computed tomography (p=0.049), and had lower z-scores for maximal expiratory flow at functional residual capacity (p=0.033) when compared to children with high FIS values. FIS significantly correlated with sweat chloride concentration (SCC) and intestinal current measurement (ICM) (r= −0.82 and r=0.70, respectively; both p<0.001). Individual assessment of SCC, ICM and FIS suggested that FIS can help to classify individual disease severity.

Thus, stratification by FIS identified subgroups that differed in pulmonary and gastrointestinal outcome parameters. FIS of intestinal organoids correlated well with established CFTR-dependent biomarkers such as SCC and ICM, and performed adequately at group and individual level in this proof-of-concept study.
Caffeine Content and Perceived Sensory Characteristics of Pod Coffee: Effects on Mood and Cognitive Performance
Authors: Irwin Christopher , McCartney Danielle , Khalesi Saman , Desbrow Ben
Published: August 2018

Encapsulated (Pod) coffee is increasingly popular and available in a range of flavor and intensity profiles. This study examined consumption of different coffee Pods on mood and cognitive performance. Thirty-eight participants (n=6 males, 32 females; age: 23.9±5.4 years; weight: 64.3±11.9 kg; BMI: 22.4±2.7 kg•m-2; mean±SD) completed 3 trials, consuming either Cosi, Dharkan, or Kazaar Pods following overnight caffeine abstention. Mood and cognitive performance (choice reaction-time (CRT), visual scanning (VS), Stroop) were measured before and 30 min post coffee consumption. Sensory characteristics were measured during coffee consumption. Accuracy, Reaction Time (RT) central tendency and whole RT distributions were analyzed. Bitterness, flavour-intensity, aroma and perceived caffeine content ratings increased for Cosi, Dharkan and Kazaar Pods respectively. Reduced ratings of sleepiness and headache; and increased ratings of concentration, alertness, excitement and happiness were observed with all Pods. Coffee improved CRT latency (before: 469±55 vs. after: 459±50 ms; p=0.031), but not visual scanning performance. Stroop RTs were faster after coffee (before: 854±193 vs. after: 766±156 ms; p
< 0.001); with control, congruent and incongruent trials facilitated by different aspects of the RT distribution. Consumption of Nespresso® Pod coffee improves mood and cognitive performance irrespective of caffeine content, habitual caffeine use and Pod sensory characteristics. However, the effects on cognitive function appear to be task dependent.
Characterization of Proximate, Phytochemical and Antioxidant Analysis of Banana (Musa Sapientum) Peels/Skins and Objective Evaluation of Ready to Eat /Cook Product Made With Banana Peels
Authors: Puraikalan Yamunadevi
Published: August 2018

Banana (Musa sapientum) is usually consumed as a ripe fruit or cooked form. The peels/skins are considered as a waste product. It is important to determine any potential uses for these peels as they contribute to environmental problem due to its nitrogen and phosphorous content. The present study was aimed to evaluate and compare the nutritional compounds such as proximate principles, total phenols, flavonoids and tannin according to AOAC methods between the two varieties of banana peels from USA and India. The study also identified the anti-nutrients like saponin in the banana peel. It could also be used as a functional food.The proximate principles of USA variety peels estimated were 9.4% 6.7% and 11.5% for protein, fat and fiber The India variety peel indicate the percentage of 11.7, 3.6 and 14.4 for protein, fat and fiber respectively. These peels also had a significant amount of total phenols, flavonoids and tannin. Therefore these peels could be incorporated into value-added foods and can serve as a functional food. Extruded product and pasta were formulated using the banana peel powder at 5 % level of incorporation. Colour and texture profile analysis of the developed extruded product and pasta was determined by selected objective method.The results from the present research showed that the banana peel powder showed an improved nutritional composition. The incorporation of 5% banana peel powder in the production of extruded product and pasta were not significantly affected the color and texture profile analysis.
Elimination of Dyes from Waste Water via Adsorption Materials - A Mini Review
Authors: Ayoub Kaloo Masood , A Bhat Bilal , Ahmad Sheergojri Gulzar , Islam Seh Tajamul
Published: August 2018

The problem with waste waters containing dyes is that these impurities impart acute and/or chronic consequences once exposed to living organism. The results of this exposure depend upon dye concentration, exposure time, besides their ability to absorb/reflect sunlight entering in to the aqueous media. Thus the concentration of these organic dyes leads to severe effects on the growth of aquatic life as well as other living organism that found entrance. Unlike the existing reports which present chemical decomposition by oxidation, photodegradation, microbial decoloration, use of activated sludge, etc., here in this work we have purely highlighted the cost-effective and easy to handle approach (adsorption) for the removal of dyes from the waster waters. Conclusions have been drawn from the compiled literature and few crucial regarding futuristic research for the removal of dyes have been presented.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Central Antinociceptive activity of Ring Substituted Chalcones; Molecular Docking Studies with Monoacylglycerol Lipase (MAGL) Enzyme
Authors: Begum Shaheen , Begum Arifa , Koganti Bharathi
Published: August 2018

Chalcones possess Michael acceptor property due to the presence of α,β-unsaturated enone moiety in their structure. In the present study, molecular docking was performed to predict binding affinity of ring substituted chalcones with Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), a serine hydrolase enzyme which can inhibited by Michael acceptors such as maleimide derivatives. 3, 4-Dimethoxy derivative, 3h, with -44.45 kJmol-1 of interaction energy, exhibited highest binding affinity and formed Pi-Sulphur interactions with methionine-123 residue of MAGL enzyme. As MAGL is an emerging target for antinociceptive drug development, ring substituted chalcones were synthesized and evaluated for their central antinociceptive activity using tail immersion and hot plate methods. The results revealed that compound 3h, chalcone bearing methoxy groups at 3rd and 4th positions of phenyl ring exhibited good antinociceptive activity in both the models. Good correlation was observed between antinociceptive activity and binding affinity toward MAGL in case of compound 3h.
Preparation and Conductivity Studies of La9.33Si6O26 (LSO) -Ce0.85Gd0.15O1.925 (CGO15) Composite Based Electrolyte for IT-SOFC
Authors: Rostika Noviyanti Atiek , Hastiawan Iwan , Rakhmawaty Eddy Diana , Berlian Adham Muhammad , Hardian Arie , Gustaman Syarif Dani
Published: August 2018

Reducing a high-operating temperature of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) to intermediate temperature SOFC (IT-SOFC, 500-750ºC) poses a great challenge in the sense of developing solid electrolyte at intermediate temperature range. In response to this, we report a novel composite La9.33Si6O26 (LSO) - Ce0.85Gd0.15O1.925 (CGO) in this study. The synthesis of LSO-CGO composite was carried out by combining LSO with CGO (9:1, 8:2, and 7:3 in weight ratio) using solid state reaction method. In order to get a dense pellet, all of the products were sintered at 1500°C for 3 h. The X-ray diffraction pattern of sintered pellets show typical patterns for both of LSO and CGO which indicate that the composite was successfully formed. The highest conductivity was detected in 7LSO-3CGO, i.e. 2.10×10-3 S cm-1 at 700 ○C and also has low activation energy (0.60 eV). This result suggests that the LSO-YSZ composites are good oxide ion conductors and may potentially be used as an alternative solid electrolyte in IT-SOFC technology.
SPECIES DIVERSITY OF THE EPIBENTHOS IN A HIGHLY DISTURBED CORAL REEF COMMUNITY IN THE PHILIPPINES
Authors: Gomez Edgardo D.
Published: August 2018

Baseline studies on the marine benthic communities around the proposed site of the first nuclear power plant in the Philippines have indicated a highly disturbed coral reef community. The areas studied are all subtidal, mostly starting just below the littoral and having an average depth of five meters. The study consisted in taking a census with SCUBA of the epibiota in quadrats on transects laid out perpendicular to the shoreline. Results of the sampling during the dry season indicate a predominantly algal (Padina) community of low species diversity. Many of the conspicuous components of Philippine coral reefs are either absent or are present only in small numbers, e.g., hard and soft corals, crinoids, tridacnids, and colorful serpulids. Dynamite fishing is no doubt a major factor responsible for the condition of the dead reefs. Weather and erosion of the land areas with the resulting siltation have probably contributed to the poor condition of the reef communities as well.