bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study of the Effectiveness of Hydroponic Growing Variables on Lactuca sativa var. capitata
Authors: Zajkowski Jacob , Short Whitney
Published: July 2021

Hydroponic growing in controlled environment horticulture has been an increasingly used method of produce production around the world. Its many methods integrate sustainability and growth efficiency through the control of climatic and system variables. This study investigated control variables that would produce and market a more effective lettuce (lactuca sativa. var capitata) crop. Three objectives determined: The comparison between the dimensions of deep water culture systems and the lettuce harvesting length, Consumer and ICP spectrometry recognition of different post-harvest hydroponic nutrient concentration, and the preference of lettuce grown in different hydroponic nutrient concentrations. Through growing trials and consumer tests, it was found that the 14 gallon (102 x 50.8 x 66cm) size deep water culture system also produced lettuce with larger harvest-length; spectrometry recognition of lettuce crops grown in different nutrient levels was effective with 7 of the 12 nutrients elements showing sufficient results of concentration in concentrated lettuce. Consumer identification recognition wasn’t successful with 40% of consumers unable to recognize any nutrient concentration level compared to two other varieties. Representing a diverse market audience, of consumers determined that variety 127 (50% regular concentration) was preferred as significant market influence of purchase. This research will impact future studies in effective small scale hydroponic growing and growers looking to expand knowledge of beneficial growth.
Disparities in Research Studies and Their Impact on Marginalized Communities in Healthcare
Authors: Grasse Keelynn , Collman Wes
Published: July 2021

The United States healthcare system has been disproportionally affecting marginalized communities’ healthcare due to the lack of diversity in research studies. These effects can be seen in the African American community, the population of women, and the LGBTQ+ community. Throughout history actions taken by healthcare officials, specifically researchers, have fostered a negative association within communities about studies. Which has resulted in a lack of volunteers and participation within marginalized communities and consequently heavily decreased the diversity needed to accurately represent populations in studies.

This has created a rift in the accurateness of medical treatment that members of these communities face. Without access to recent information that details specific reactions, officials are often not able to treat patients in marginalized groups with accurate data. This creates problems with patients receiving care that is not geared towards them and doctors not taking into account biological  differences in patients. The necessity of diversity in studies is seen through the treatment of marginalized communities today when patients have to face medical officials who are misinformed about how to treat them. 

There is a distinct correlation between unsuccessful treatment and the lack of representation seen in research studies. Misinformation about marginalized communities is harmful to patients when they are trying to be treated and fosters negative feelings within these groups about healthcare officials. To stop perpetuating these ideas, medical officials need to become more active in gaining back marginalized communities’ trust and advocating for representation in research studies as a necessity for quality healthcare.
DAMPAK PERKEMBANGAN POLITIK TERHADAP MANAJEMEN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Authors: Hakim Lukman , Sukarno Sukarno , El Widdah Minna
Published: July 2021

Ketergantungan kepada uluran tangan para penguasa secara ekonomis, membuat lembaga-lembaga tersebut harus sejalan dengan nuansa politik yang berlaku. Keterlibatan para penguasa dalam kegiatan pendidikan pada hakikatnya tidak hanya sebatas dukungan moral kepada para peserta didik, melainkan juga dalam bidang administrasi, keuangan, dan kurikulum. Artikel ini merupakan jawaban betapa besar dan kuatnya pengaruh politik dalam sistem manajemen lembaga pendidikan islam dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi pustaka. Tulisan ini memuat eksistensi lembaga pendidikan Islam baik berupa pesantren, madrasah, maupun sekolah-sekolah umum yang turut memberikan proses baik guna menyiarkan ajaran Islam. Selain itu, dibutuhkan orientasi pengelolaan lembaga pendidikan Islam yang jelas, terarah dan teratur guna mencapai tujuan-tujuan yang diharapkan. Di samping itu, tulisan ini juga bicara terkait strategi pengelolaan lembaga pendidikan Islam yang diharapkan mampu menyelesaikan masalah-masalah yang sedang dihadapi, mampu menyehatkan keberadaan lembaga-lembaga pendidikan Islam, bahkan mengantarkan pada kemajuan yang signifikan. Ketiga, artikel ini berbicara tentang fungsi politik institusi pendidikan, di mana setiap lembaga pendidikan menjadi agen-agen sosialisasi politik yang dapat memberikan pembelajaran politik baik dan sehat kepada setiap individu terutama kepada setiap generasi bangsa.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MENULIS CERITA PENDEK SEBAGAI TERAPI EKSPRESIF TERHADAP EMOSI PADA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS XI MAN 3 KOTA JAMBI
Authors: Khalid Idham
Published: July 2021

Kemampuan menulis ke arah yang tepat. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan Single Group Design dengan metode one group pre-test and post-test experiment. Partisipan berjumlah delapan peserta didik kelas XI IPS 2 yang memiliki skor STAXI rendah mempunyai kemampuan menulis. Hasil uji Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test menunjukkan ada penurunan emosi marah partisipan setelah menulis cerita pendek. Hasil yang didapatkan memperlihatkan bahwa menulis cerita pendek dalam terapi ekspresif mampu untuk menurunkan emosi marah pada peserta didik . Selain itu, menulis cerita pendek dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu sarana katarsis dan media self-help bagi kelas XI IPS 2 MAN 3 Kota Jambi untuk mengekspresikan emosi dan perasaan marahnya.
PERAN POLITIK, KEBIJAKAN TERHADAP PROSES PELAKSANAAN DAN PENILAIAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Authors: Samsinar Samsinar , Sukarno Sukarno , El Widdah Minna
Published: July 2021

Politik dan kebijakan merupakan dua hal penting dalam menjalankan roda pemerintahan tidak terkecuali dalam dunia pendidikan. Dua elemen ini bisa mempengaruhi pelaksanaan pendidikan Islam secara keseluruhan. Kebijakan yang baik akan mandul tanpa dibarengi dengan iklim politik yang sehat dan kondusif. Begitu juga iklim politik tidak akan berjalan dengan efektif dan efisien tanpa ditopang dengan kebijakan yang tepat dan baik. Sejarah politik kebijakan pendidikan di Indonesia telah dimulai sejak awal kemerdekaan bangsa ini, bahkan pergulatan politik kebijakan tersebut sudah ada sejak pra- kemerdekaan. Perkembangan politik kebijakan dalam dunia pendidikan di Indonesia memiliki dinamika yang cukup menarik untuk diperhatikan pada setiap periodenya, mulai dari awal kemerdekaan sampai dengan dinamika politik kebijakan pendidikan yang terjadi hari ini. Dinamika yang terjadi tersebut berlangsung berdasarkan berbagai aspek yang melingkupinya, namun aspek utamanya adalah untuk kemajuan dunia pendidikan demi kemajuan bangsa.
PERAN POLITIK DALAM PENGEMBANGAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI INDONESIA
Authors: Sujari Sujari , El Widdah Minnah , Sukarno Sukarno
Published: July 2021

Tulisan ini mendeskripsikan peran politik dalam pengembangan pendidikan Islam di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan library research (penelitian kepustakaan) yang data-datanya merupakan literatur buku dan artikel sesuai dengan kajian ini, maka pendekatan penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif (naratif). Dalam kaitan dengan pendidikan Islam, kebijakan politik pendidikan Islam era pemerintah Orde Baru khususnya di masa awal pemerintahnya belum memerhatikan pengembangan pendidikan Islam, meskipun pada akhir orde baru pendidikan Islam mendapat proporsi yang mulai ideal.
Challenges of Implementing Occupational Health Services (OHS) in Malaysia -Perspective of Occupational Health Doctors
Authors: Mohd Roze Amalina , Samsuddin Niza , Razali Ailin , Yusof Muhammad Zubir , A Rahman Nor Azlina , Sidek Suriati , Nik Mahmood Nik Ahmad Kamal , Nik Mohamed Nik Mohamed Nizan , Abdullah Hair Ahmad Fitri
Published: July 2021

Mortality estimation due to work-related illness has reached up to 2.4 million each year. The current coverage of occupational health services (OHS) in Malaysia is still low. Occupational health doctors (OHDs) are one of the essential personnel to ensure proper execution of OHS. This study was conducted to explore the experiences and views of OHDs on the challenges in implementing OHS in Malaysia. Four focus group discussions were conducted with OHDs (N = 23) from four different states in Malaysia in 2016. Another five OHDs participated in in-depth interviews to implement the identified codes or themes. The discussions were recorded and transcribed verbatim. NVivo version 11.0 was used to facilitate data analysis. The data were analysed following the thematic analysis guidelines. Three themes were identified from the discussions: difficulties in diagnosing occupational diseases and poisoning; poor practices, attitudes, and commitment by both workers and employers; and non-compliance with laws and regulations related to the industries. The common challenges discussed by the participants were the lack of knowledge and skills among OHDs, and the shortage of standard procedures, leading to difficulties to screen occupational diseases. The poor cooperation and behaviour from the industries also hindered OHDs when performing their services. This study suggests better training and provision of standard tools or guideline to assist OHDs in making occupational disease diagnoses, increasing OHS awareness among the industries, and enacting OHS as part of the laws and regulations with adequate enforcement.
The Missing Narratives: Exploring the Experiences of Malaysian Journalists and Family Members and Friends of Victims during the MH370 Aviation Crisis
Authors: Shiang Lim Shiang , Chibundu Ihediwa Samuel , Wilson Sharon
Published: July 2021

The MH370 crisis which attracted global attention is considered one of the most perplexing disasters in aviation history by aviation experts. One of the highlights of the crisis was the alleged inability of Malaysian journalists to provide accurate information on the issue. Maximum news coverage, commentaries, expert views, and researches were carried out regarding the issue. However, most of them only focused on how Malaysian authorities handled the crisis. None ventured into Malaysian journalists’ perspectives particularly on their concerns regarding their coverage of the crisis. Therefore, this study seeks to investigate the perspectives of journalists from the selected newspapers on their framing of the crisis, the alleged inconsistencies in their coverage, and the perceived lack of access to information. By giving journalists a voice to express their views on their performance, it is hoped that will deepen knowledge and understanding of the dynamics of press freedom, ownership, and control in the country. Through qualitative data analysis, the study found that MH370 news frames were greatly influenced by both internal and external factors, ranging from individuals to state levels. They include lack of experience in aviation news coverage on the part of the local Malaysian journalists; the internal gatekeeping process by the news editors of various newspapers which tend to undermine the work of journalists; and the seen and unseen restrictions experienced by journalists and media houses at the state level.

References
Students’ Vocabulary Learning Strategies of Discovery and Consolidation in Malaysian Primary School English Language Classrooms
Authors: Kho Sharon Fung-Chien , Ramanair Joseph , Pandian Ambigapathy
Published: July 2021

A good grasp of vocabulary enables language learners to articulate, comprehend and communicate ideas and concepts effectively. For learners whose first language is not English, mastering vocabulary knowledge in terms of the breadth and depth is challenging and needs to start at a young age through the use of various strategies. The lack of English language vocabulary knowledge would demotivate learners and even result in abandoning efforts to learn the language. Therefore, it is important that learners know and are able to use five strategies, which include determination, social, cognitive, memory, and metacognitive strategies to learn vocabulary. Determination and social strategies are in the discovery category, while social cognitive, memory, and metacognitive strategies are in the consolidation category. This study aims to determine the vocabulary learning strategies used by 132 Year Five primary school English language students in two urban National Type Chinese schools in Sarawak. It investigated the strategies these learners used, how frequently they used them, and their reasons for preferring particular strategies. Data were collected from two classrooms at each school through the use of questionnaire and individual interview. Questionnaire results were analysed descriptively in terms of mean scores and standard deviation while interview responses were coded, categorised and analysed using thematic analysis. The findings suggest that while the students employed moderate use of all the five strategies, cognitive strategies which involved mechanical approaches were the most used while social strategies were not used by all students.
An Examination of Legislature-Executive Crisis under the APC Led Democratic Governance in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic and Its Impact on Good Governance, 2015-2019
Authors: Okpe Victor Vincent , Othman Muhammad Fuad
Published: July 2021

This study examined the legislature-executive crisis in Nigeria under the APC- led democratic governance between 2015 and 2019. The objective was to understand the factors that animated the crisis and its implication on good governance. To achieve this, the study relied on the descriptive qualitative approach and the institutional theory of conflict to create linkage and consolidate the findings. It used mainly secondary data like textbooks, journal articles, legislature-executive documents, and the 1999 Nigerian Constitution. From the analysis, several factors emerged which included leadership interference and parliamentary oversight. Others were poor capacity building, corruption, and absence of enough communication. By implication, the result showed that between 1999 and 2015, the parliament passed 248 bills into law, but passed 213 bills between 2015 and 2019. However, information also appeared that the crisis impacted more negatively on the institutions’ relations and the political system. It disrupted the democratic ethics of accountability, transparency, and equitable distribution of resources. Public policies like lawmaking, oversight and implementation suffered greatly. Unnecessarily delayed budget proposals increased poverty, economic deprivation, and instability. Positive changes promised by the APC government were lost in the crisis and these were all against democratic ethos. Based on the ongoing, the study concluded that democracy and good governance can be strengthened when the institutions collaborate better to execute their roles, respect their institutions and the 1999 Constitution. The study would benefit the institutions, the public and researchers. Further study is also needed on the judiciary-legislature pattern of relations under Nigeria’s fourth republic democratic governance.
Analysis of Teaching Optimization of Chinese Language and Literature under the Background of Times of Internet Plus era
Authors: Jiang Xiaojie
Published: July 2021

With the development of Chinese’s economy and the progress of the times, the Internet + era has already acquired a certain degree of scale, which has also had a greater impact on education and teaching. If education cannot keep pace with the times in reality, it may not be able to better meet the needs of cultivating talents and interpret the true essence of education. From the perspective of Chinese language and literature professional teaching, only by combining the Internet + era background and rationally optimizing the Chinese language and literature professional teaching can we better meet the actual needs and promote student progress. Based on this, this work analyzes the related issues of Chinese language and literature teaching optimization under the background of the Internet + era, hoping to be of benefit to reality.
An Analysis of the Dilemma and Strategy of Foreign Student Education in China
Authors: Liu Xia , Wu Jian-ping , Zheng Xinyi
Published: July 2021

With the modernization of our country’s education in recent years and the rapid promotion of our country’s international status, more and more foreign students are scrambling to come to our country to study, hoping to feel the charm of Chinese culture in their study. So as an inclusive and open country, facing the study of foreign students, of course, is the first time to formulate a corresponding solution. However, with the development of society, more and more foreign students come to our country, which will inevitably appear the problem of mixed fish and dragon. This problem will affect the normal development of our education, so we should solve the problem of foreign students in China.
Thinking and Practice of “Online & Offline” Blended Teaching of College English under the Social Recruitment Form
Authors: Meng Hui-min , Wu Bing-hui
Published: July 2021

With the continuous development of the level of informatization, the standards of the social talent market for talents from all walks of life have also been continuously improved. As an international language, English plays a pivotal role in improving its own social competitiveness. With the continuous development and growth of globalization, domestic and foreign companies are closely connected, and many multinational companies have emerged. The opportunities for domestic college graduates to work in foreign companies have gradually increased. Therefore, a good English foundation is a very important work skill. At the same time, with the continuous emergence of new technologies such as computer technology and big data technology, the Internet education model has gradually developed into a new type of education model, which has continuously replaced the traditional offline education method and the hybrid online and offline Teaching has gradually become a hot topic in contemporary society. This article elaborates on the combination of online and offline teaching methods of college English and explores and analyzes from the perspective of complementary advantages and maximization of teaching resources. Taking the characteristics of “online & offline” mixed teaching as the starting point for analysis, expounding the composition of three aspects of teaching content before class, during class and after class, forming a three-stage classroom teaching model, and then achieving the optimization of the classroom structure. Quality improvement and other effects.
Anthropological Analysis of the Role of Personal Trainer in Fitness Teaching
Authors: Wang Jinjie
Published: July 2021

Based on the theory of Thomas Csordas’s theory of anthropology of body, this paper records and analyzes the in-depth interviews with several experienced fitness enthusiasts and personal trainers. This study found that, in the teaching of fitness, the role of personal trainer mainly has two forms: one is cultural objectification, that is the role of cultural objectification expert, which is mainly for students to do physical examination, teaching and guiding fitness movements and making fitness plans, etc. The other is the preobjective function, which is reflected in the accompanying role of students in the process of fitness. In different consumption levels of gymnasium, the role of personal trainer is different.
Research on the Application of Project-driven and Competition-based Training Mode in Single-chip Microcomputer Teaching Reform
Authors: Yang Zhi , Li Jian-ying , Tan Ming-tao , Huang Li-juan , Zhang Yue-xing
Published: July 2021

Nowadays, with the continuous deepening of education and teaching reform in China, a new situation has emerged in the development of higher education. In order to meet the requirements of the current curriculum teaching content, the project-driven training model and competition-based training model in the teaching reform of single-chip microcomputers have been carried out. In view of the diversity and practicality of single-chip curriculum teaching, in order to improve the quality of single-chip teaching, teachers should not only start with the characteristics of students’ learning and actual teaching content but also reasonably apply project-driven teaching methods and competition-based training models. Reasonable use of teaching methods may yield more fruitful teaching and learning outcomes in higher education in the future.
On the Teaching Reform of Business Management Courses in Colleges
Authors: Zhang Man-xue
Published: July 2021

With the market’s demand for management talents, the business administration major has become a popular major for applying for exams today. College education delivers elite talents to the society and meets the market’s demand for talents. Therefore, the quality of college education determines the quality of talent training. Therefore, it is necessary to reform the current business management courses and invest elite management talents in the market. This article analyzes the problems existing in the teaching of business management courses in colleges and universities in combination with the teaching practice and analyzes their causes, and gives specific reform measures.
Analysis of the Key Points of Higher Vocational Digital Film and Television Course Teaching under the Background of Integrated Media
Authors: Zhang Wenyu
Published: July 2021

With the progress of the times, China’s demand for the cultural industry has increased. The development of the film and television industry has also received special attention from the state. The state encourages enterprises to develop the film and television industry to meet the increasing demand for the film and television industry. Due to the gradual increase in the gap of film and television, higher vocational education has opened higher vocational digital film and television courses in order to meet the needs of the market. However, as the course progresses, more and more problems have emerged. This article uses the financial media as the background to analyze There are problems in the teaching of digital film and television courses in higher vocational colleges, and solutions are proposed. They are determined to reform the teaching of film and television courses and make contributions to digital media companies in my country.
Wastewater Treatment and Management in Health Sector of Sri Lanka
Authors: Cader Zulfikar
Published: July 2021

Hospitals are highly populated facilities that function 24 hours a day. They generate a large amount of wastewater through various sources which are very complex and hazardous. Furthermore, the emission of healthcare wastewater into the cities sewerage, rivers and groundwater pollute the entire system. Therefore, disposal of
healthcare wastewater without adequate treatment can cause short and long-term ill-effects to the public's health. An onsite wastewater treatment would give a dual benefit of preventing the release of hazardous materials into other sources and bring the wastewater into the consumption cycle. At present, most countries utilize the treated
wastewater to reduce the consumption of potable water. However, the literature review and preliminary studies revealed that wastewater management is poorly practised in the Sri Lankan healthcare sector. Therefore, this paper aimed to identify the extent of wastewater treatment, utilization and management in Sri Lankan state sector
hospitals. The aim of the paper was achieved through a literature review and questionnaire survey. The required data were collected from nine state hospitals in Colombo. Findings of the study revealed that a high quality of wastewater treatment and efficient reuse of reclaimed water is a big challenge for the healthcare sector due to the
complex nature of the wastewater process, higher cost of treatment and poor management. Moreover, it was found that currently wastewater generated from the state hospitals are discharged directly into the city's sewerage without any treatment. Finally, this paper discusses the current level of wastewater treatment, utilization and management in the state hospitals and identifies the critical barriers for the lack of poor practice of wastewater
handling.
SOME FEATURES OF SOCIAL COGNITION AND EXPERIENCE OF THE EAST AND WEST
Authors:   PhD  student,  Abai  Kazakh  National  Pedagogical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Nuralina Botakoz , Nussipova Arailym ,   PhD  student,  Abai  Kazakh  National  Pedagogical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: July 2021

In modern domestic and foreign literature, quite intensive research is being carried out in the field of features and differences in the development of East and West. Especially the East. This is because for a long time the majority of Europeans have knowledge of the East for a number of reasons limited by rather superficial ideas. If in the days of antiquity, they just started talking about the fact that “despotism and barbarism” is inherent in the East, and then in the 14th century in European thought this idea was already formulated in the form of the concept of “Asian despotism”, which was closely associated with the lack of private property and legal guarantees of the person. This kind of general interest is far from accidental: the end of the 20th century. With its gloomy apocalyptic clouds hanging over the planet, it prompts many to seriously become interested in both existential problems (which arouse active attention to mysticism, and here the indisputable priority is given to ancient cultures and religions of the East), and the search for roots, primary sources. According to these initial data, society naturally developed.
About the specificity of the impact of communicative technological innovations on political processes in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors:   PhD student, Institute for Philosophy, Political Science and Religious Studies of the CS MES RK, Almaty, KazakhstanО специфике воздействия, Kassenov Farkhad
Published: July 2021

A complex of various technological innovations, which, first of all, have information and communication content, among which it is necessary to mention news and analytical Internet portals, messengers like Whatsapp, hybrid and convergent media tools such as Telegram and Facebook, video hosting and editing services (Youtube and TikTok), streaming platforms, and numerous other technological solutions have a great impact on political processes in Central Asia, transforming them and reformatting them. Their influence is most pronounced in Kazakhstan, for a number of reasons, among which a higher standard of living of the population and, accordingly, the paying capacity of the audience, the depth of Internet penetration, the development of the communication sphere, etc. In this regard, the situation in Kazakhstan presented to be largely as a model for the entire region of Central Asia. The impact of communicative technological innovations in the Republic of Kazakhstan is manifested through the intensification of socio-political processes, the restructuring of society, through the emergence of new groups of influence, as well as the creation of dialogue and discussion platforms, often of an informal plan, which contribute both to the unification and differentiation of the social organism. This gives rise to various dilemmas in the choice of state approaches to the use of communicative technological innovations, which is expressed both in encouraging the development of the information and communication sphere, and in attempts to limit civic activity if it goes through the channels of new means of communication. The author suggests that in the coming years, the impact of communicative technological innovations on political processes in Kazakhstan will be under the sign of the two indicated contradictory tendencies (striving for freedom and control), especially considering the neighborhood with the two powers, China and the Russian Federation, with their predominantly repressive logic of interaction state with society.
Studying the Theoretical Aspect of Religious and Philosophical Works in the Genre of Smriti (on the Example of Mahabharata and Ramayana)
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Baitenova Nagima , Kokeyeva Dariga ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
Published: July 2021

The article discusses the content of Mahabharata and Ramayana, the Smriti genre widely distributed in the world of Indian literature, with an emphasis on theoretical research. World literary scholars and Turkish scholars analyzed the work of Mahabharata and Ramayana called this work the “Encyclopedia of Ancient Indians” and analyzed the role of heroes as the embodiment of piety, heroism and wisdom of society. Also in the epic of the Mahabharata which describes the bloodshed of two generations includes a religious philosophical poem called “Bhagavad-Gita”. A detailed analysis of the time interval and premises of the Bhagavad-Gita was made. The history of the Bhagavad-Gita, the religious and philosophical ancient Indian memorial written in Sanskrit, takes a huge amount of time. However, this issue is controversial, therefore, each scientist expresses his opinion on this matter. Currently, theoretical studies are being carried out in the genre of commitment B. Tilak J. Belvalkri, Sri Gopal Bazu Malik, Yoganda Paramahansa, Radhakrishnan S., Roy M.A. along with Indian scholars and the European Union. Bopp, L. Schroeder, S. Sorensen, G. Bulle, U. Ruben, and others. works of domestic and foreign scientists.
Comparing Species Composition and Planting Trends: Exploring Pest Vulnerability in Toronto’s Urban Forest
Authors: Vander Vecht Jennifer , Conway Tenley
Published: July 2021

Urban forests represent a valuable resource for cities but are not without costs. These costs can include time, money, and the loss of beneficial services as results of pest infestations. Knowledge of an urban forest’s tree species composition and vulnerability to pests is needed to help managers enhance services delivered, while minimizing expenses over the long-term. Recent research has explored the impacts of individual pests on urban forests, but less attention has been given to the overall pest vulnerability. In this research, tree genera currently prevalent and commonly planted in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, were analyzed using a pest vulnerability matrix to explore how the city’s urban forest species composition and pest vulnerability may be changing. Current tree species composition was derived from existing inventory data, while the planting trends of a variety of local actors were determined through surveys and interviews. Results indicate there is somewhat limited diversity in current street and non-street tree populations, as well as a number of common tree species that have severe pest vulnerabilities. While new plantings replicate some current composition and pest vulnerability issues, several less common species are also being planted. As a result, overall pest vulnerability should decrease in the future, while some ongoing management concerns remain.
Tree Planting Configuration Influences Shade on Residential Structures in Four U.S. Cities
Authors: Hwang Won Hoi , Wiseman P. Eric , Thomas Valerie
Published: July 2021

Expanding urbanization, characterized by increased impervious surfaces and decreased tree canopy, is contributing to rising urban temperatures. This trend has implications for energy consumption and human health, which urban trees may help mitigate by casting shade upon building surfaces. This study looks at how tree form and placement can improve on current shade tree planting guidelines to more effectively use shade trees to offset this trend. Shade provision is not only a function of tree characteristics but also daily, seasonal, and latitudinal variability in sunlight exposure. In order to understand how these variables influence shade provision and to evaluate existing tree planting guidelines, a computer program called Shadow Pattern Simulator was employed to quantify shade cast by a single tree upon a prototypical residential structure in four U.S. cities. A total of 576 shade simulations showed large trees situated within five meters on the east or west aspect of the structure provided the greatest amount of shade during the cooling season. The simulation results affirm existing tree planting guidelines in the northern latitude that recommend planting shade trees on the east or west aspect while avoiding tree plantings on the south to minimize the heating penalty of unwanted shade in northern latitudes. However, planting trees on southerly aspect should not be discounted in southern latitudes because the shorter heating season lessens the detrimental heating penalty of unwanted shade while providing much-needed cooling season shade.
Statistical Analysis of Vegetation and Stormwater Runoff in an Urban Watershed During Summer and Winter Storms in Portland, Oregon, U.S.
Authors: Donovan Geoffrey , Butry David , Mao Megan
Published: July 2021

Past research has examined the effect of urban trees, and other vegetation, on stormwater runoff using hydrological models or small-scale experiments. However, there has been no statistical analysis of the influence of vegetation on runoff in an intact urban watershed, and it is not clear how results from small-scale studies scale up to the city level. Researchers address this gap in the literature by estimating random-effects regression models of the effect of trees and other vegetation on total runoff and peak runoff for a summer (15–16 June 2010) and a winter (18–19 December 2010) storm in Portland, Oregon, U.S. Researchers found that additional tree canopy cover was associated with lower runoff in the summer storm, but the significance of the tree coefficient was sensitive to model structure. Researchers found that additional groundcover (grass and shrubs) associated with lower peak flow in the summer, and this result was robust to model structure. Neither trees nor groundcover were significantly associated with winter stormwater runoff. Results suggest that trees and other vegetation can be effective at moderating stormwater runoff. However, vegetation is not as effective in the winter, which is consistent with past modeling and experimental studies.
Ultrasound guided vacuum aspiration treatment of caesarean scar ectopic pregnancy
Authors:   2nd Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovak Republic, Totka Adrián , Gábor Martin , Alföldi Martin , Kunochová Ivana , Ferianec Vladimír
Published: July 2021

Summary: Objective: To describe the case of ectopic pregnancy in the scar after caesarean section and its successful treatment using the technique of sonographically controlled vacuum aspiration. Case report: The case of a 35-year-old patient with a history of two caesarean sections referred by a district gynecologist in the 6th week of pregnancy with suspected pathological localization of pregnancy in a scar after a previous caesarean section. The procedure for the diagnosis and treatment of ectopic pregnancy in the scar after previous caesarean sections has been successfully resolved using sonographically controlled vaginal vacuum aspiration. Conclusion: Caesarean scar pregnancy occurs as a complication of previous caesarean section or other uterine instrumental performances. The use of the sonographically controlled vacuum aspiration technique appears to be a successful method of treating pregnancy in a scar after a caesarean section.
Sexuality in women with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome
Authors:   Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2nd Medical Faculty, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic, Chmel Roman , Nováčková Marta , Chubanovová Nikoleta , Pastor Zlatko
Published: July 2021

Summary: Objective: Evaluation of the quality of sexual life of women with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome (MRKHS) after neovagina creation using dilation and surgical techniques. Methods: Literature search of articles published in the years 2000–2021 using the databases Web of Science, Google Scholar and PubMed by key words: Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome, neovagina, female sexuality and Female Sexual Function Index. We used a standardized international Female Sexual Function Index and other quantitative and qualitative parameters of sexual satisfaction to assess sexual function and overall satisfaction in women with neovagina. Results: It is possible to develop functional neovagina in women with MRKHS by either conservative or surgical techniques. The choice of the method used depends on the experience and skill of the surgeon, on the technical possibilities and equipment of the department, and on the anatomical predispositions and preferences of the patient. Satisfaction with sexual life also depends on the psychosexual maturity and sexual demands of both partners as well as on regular vaginal rehabilitation and quality of long-term psychological support. The functional results of dilation and surgical methods are comparable according to objective criteria. They only differ in individual aspects which correspond to the overall personality traits as well as to the character and quality of cohabitation. Conclusion: Women with MRKHS are primarily handicapped by coital insufficiency and inability to reproduce naturally. Creating a neovagina technically allows them to realize satisfactory coitus, but in most cases, they are still frustrated by the primary problem of „physical indisposition“ and complicated path to motherhood.
Web Pages Ranking Algorithms: A Survey
Authors: Abdulrahman Ayad
Published: July 2021

Due to the daily expansion of the web, the amount of information has increased significantly. Thus, the need for retrieving relevant information has also increased. In order to explore the internet, users depend on various search engines. Search engines face a significant challenge in returning the most relevant results for a user's query. The search engine's performance is determined by the algorithm used to rank web pages, which prioritizes the pages with the most relevancy to appear at the top of the result page. In this paper, various web page ranking algorithms such as Page Rank, Time Rank, EigenRumor, Distance Rank, SimRank, etc. are analyzed and compared based on some parameters, including the mining technique to which the algorithm belongs (for instance, Web Content Mining, Web Structure Mining, and Web Usage Mining), the methodology used for ranking web pages, time complexity (amount of time to run an algorithm), input parameters (parameters utilized in the ranking process such as InLink, OutLink, Tag name, Keyword, etc.), and the result relevancy to the user query.
Formación doctoral y estadías extensas en el exterior de investigadores/as argentinos/as
Authors: Gallardo Osvaldo
Published: July 2021

El artículo aborda las principales tendencias en la formación y circulación en el país y en el exterior entre investigadores/as argentinos/as del Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Empíricamente, se aborda en la primera parte el universo de investigadores/as en actividad en 2015 (N=7905) a fin de establecer las características principales de su formación de doctorado y su evolución a lo largo del tiempo y a través de las distintas disciplinas científicas. En la segunda, se observan específicamente las estadías en el exterior de al menos un año de duración para un conjunto de tres comisiones disciplinares del organismo (n=272), lo que permite complementar el análisis anterior con los cambios del período 1967-2015.

Los resultados destacan la combinación de múltiples factores que deben tenerse en cuenta para la comprensión de la internacionalización de las trayectorias científicas. El contexto general del país, el específico del espacio de producción científica, los diferenciales en la institucionalización del posgrado a través de las áreas científicas, y los efectos institucionales asociados a la desigual estructura de un campo académico heterogéneo aparecen como dimensiones relevantes que permiten comprender el marco de las trayectorias de formación y movilidad internacional de las y los investigadores.
A VARIAÇÃO NA CONCORDÂNCIA VERBAL DE P4 NA FALA DOS MORADORES DA PRAÇA 14 DE JANEIRO DA CIDADE DE MANAUS (AM)
Authors: Martins Flávia Santos , Sá Ana Paula Silva de
Published: July 2021

Esta pesquisa apresenta os resultados de uma análise quantitativa da variação na concordância verbal de P4 na fala dos moradores da Praça 14 de Janeiro da cidade de Manaus (AM). Tem como objetivo geral investigar a variação na concordância verbal de P4 na fala dos moradores do referido bairro. Os objetivos específicos são: i) analisar como é produzida a concordância verbal de P4 na fala dos moradores da praça 14 de Janeiro da cidade de Manaus (AM) e ii) identificar os grupos de fatores linguísticos e extralinguísticos que condicionam a variação na concordância verbal na fala dos moradores da Praça 14 de Janeiro da cidade de Manaus (AM). A principal teoria utilizada neste estudo é a Teoria da Variação e Mudança Linguística. Foram entrevistados seis informantes distribuídos em ‘sexo’ e ‘faixa etária’. Todos os informantes entrevistados estudaram até o ensino fundamental II. No total, foram analisados 166 dados e constatou-se que a variante mais frequente é a canônica (‘a gente ama’) com 62,7%.  Foram analisados os grupos de fatores linguísticos como ‘saliência fônica’, ‘distância do sujeito em relação ao verbo’ e ‘tempo verbal’, e no que diz respeito aos grupos de fatores extralinguísticos, buscou-se analisar ‘sexo’ e ‘faixa etária’. A partir da análise estatística, os grupos de fatores que mais influenciaram a aplicação da regra (variante canônica) foram os extralinguísticos: ‘faixa etária’ (18-35, 36-55 e 56 em diante) e ‘sexo’ (homem e mulher), respectivamente.
Clinical Statistical Analysis with Comparison between Pelvic and Non-pelvic Chondrosarcoma
Authors: Jami1, Sayed Abdulla , Jiandang Shi , Roy Brotendu Shekhar , Zhou Zhanwen , Hao Liu Chang
Published: July 2021

Objectives: Chondrosarcomas are rare tumors with a variable biological characteristic. Their treatment clinically and surgically is controversial. Analysis of the clinical statistics and prognostic factors of pelvic chondrosarcoma provides a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods: A total of 73 cases of chondrosarcoma were collected, including 24 pelvic samples, from 2008 to 2017 from the hospital database and divided into two groups: pelvic chondrosarcoma and non-pelvic chondrosarcoma. The clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of pelvic chondrosarcoma were analyzed using different statistical methods. Results: Among the 24 pelvic chondrosarcoma patients, the ratio of male to female was 1.4:1, and the median age was 43.5 years. According to the classification proposed by Enneking, there were five grade I, 14 grade II, and five grade III. Histological grading of chondrosarcoma was grade I in one case, II in 15 cases, and III in eight cases. The histological type was 17 conventional, three dedifferentiated, two secondary, one myxoid, and one mesenchymal. The overall survival rates for 24 cases at three, five, and 10 years were 82.2±8.1%, 77.3±8.9%, and 52.4±12.1%, respectively. The local recurrence rate of pelvic chondrosarcoma after surgical resection (83.3%) was significantly higher than that of other sites (34.7%), and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The final proportion of amputation rate (50.0%) was also higher than other parts (20.4%), with a statistically significant difference (p =0.010). The total survival of the two groups was not significantly different (p =0.216). Conclusions: Chondrosarcoma of bone generally has an excellent prognosis when optimally diagnosed and treated by an experienced team of specialists. Pelvic chondrosarcoma has a higher local recurrence rate than the other sites and tends to result in amputation. Early local recurrence after surgery indicates a poor prognosis.
The role of latency period on the preterm premature rupture of membranes: implication for treatment
Authors: Lu Lin , Li Jianhua , Gan Bei , Zheng Shan , Chen Lihong
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Conservative treatments with a latency period have been used for the treatment of preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) in clinical practice. We aimed to evaluate the role and potential influencing factors of the latency period, to provide insights for the clinical treatment of PPROM.

Material and methods

PPROM pregnant women treated in our hospital from January 1, 2015 to September 30, 2020 were included. PPROM patients were divided into a 48–168 h group and a > 168 h latency group; the characteristics and prognosis of these two groups were compared and analyzed. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to analyze the relevant influencing factors of the latency period.

Results

A total of 131 PPROM patients were included. There were significant differences in the age, BMI, gestational age on admission, amniotic fluid volume before childbirth, and positive rate of cervical secretion culture between the two groups (all p < 0.05). Logistic regression analyses indicated that the latency period was shorter in the PPROM patients with age ≥ 30 years (OR = 0.048, 95% CI: 0.121–0.863) and gestational age ≥ 32 weeks on admission (OR = 0.463, 95% CI: 0.069–0.811), and the latency period was prolonged in the PPROM patients with BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2 (OR = 1.591, 95% CI: 1.134–1.944) and amniotic fluid volume ≥ 6 cm (OR = 2.129, 95% CI: 1.093–3.042) (all p < 0.05). There were significant differences in the incidence of low birth weight and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) between the 48–168 h group and > 168 h group (all p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The latency period plays an important role in PPROM, which is associated with the pregnant women’s age, BMI, gestational week of rupture and amniotic fluid index.
PERSPECTIVAS A PARTIR DA PANDEMIA DA COVID-19: UMA ANÁLISE SOBRE O ENSINO E APRENDIZAGEM EM GEOGRAFIA
Authors: Sampaio Diego Neves
Published: July 2021

Introdução: O presente resumo descreve uma análise sobre os desafios e consequências impostos pela COVID-19 no campo do ensino e aprendizagem em Geografia. Objetivo: Analisar os impactos causados pelo afastamento social na Educação Básica e a inserção do ensino remoto no processo de ensino e aprendizagem em Geografia. Materiais e métodos: consistem na pesquisa bibliográfica de abordagem qualitativa, realizada a partir do levantamento de referências teóricas, abordadas por diferentes autores. Resultados: Questões como a infraestrutura necessária para o prosseguimento do ensino e aprendizagem on-line e a consolidação de um ciberespaço, a formação dos professores de Geografia em ferramentas tecnológicas, o apoio familiar aos estudantes e as competências socioemocionais constituem-se como significativos desafios para educação. Mediante o contexto caótico, foi possível reafirmar que os professores das Cieência Humanas são peças fundamentais no processo de escolarização, sendo ainda mais solicitados nessa perspectiva remota de estudos domiciliares, pois são responsáveis pela fundamentação crítica em relação aos fenômenos ocorridos no Espaço geográfico. Para dar conta das exigências impostas pelo cenário pandêmico, esses profissionais tiveram que multiplicar as suas habilidades, reinventando-se a cada dia. Além disso, as situações experienciadas provaram a necessidade de um planejamento criativo e significativo, visando o desenvolvimento integral dos estudantes. Conclusão: Constatou-se que se faz necessário repensar as práticas e a concepção da educação brasileira, perante ao ensino e aprendizagem em Geografia e das Ciências Humanas de modo geral, uma vez que o espaço escolar foi ressignificado. As práticas educativas tradicionais, herdadas do modelo escolástico, com traçoes humanistas, disfarçada através do discurso crítico e libertador, foi posta a prova.