bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing gelation properties of corn germ proteins
Authors: Sun Xiang Dong , Shi Dan , Lan Yu , Yao Xin Miao , Zhang Rui Ying , Zhang Ying Lei , Su Ping , Shan Hong
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUND

As a by‐product of the oil industry, corn germ meal is mainly applied as a high‐protein ingredient in animal feeds, without any application of the specific functional properties of corn germ protein (CGP). Factors influencing the gelation properties of CGP in relation to its dynamic rheology are still unclear owing to limited information.

RESULTS

CGP concentrate was recovered by the isoelectric precipitation method, and factors affecting its gelation properties were investigated using a rheometer. A weak gel formed at natural pH with 0.3 mol L−1 NaCl, and the minimum gel‐forming concentration was observed at 150 g kg−1. Higher CGP protein concentrations induced stiffer gels, and linear relationships were found between protein concentration and gel stiffness (G′) as well as between protein concentration and gel viscosity (G″). Lower heating and cooling rate promoted the formation of stiffer gels. CGP gelation was both NaCl‐ and pH‐dependent. Sodium tripolyphosphate significantly increased gel stiffness with increasing concentration. No difference in gel elasticity (tanδ) was observed with the inclusion of various concentrations of sodium tripolyphosphate or sodium polyphosphate.

CONCLUSION

Heating and cooling rate, NaCl, protein concentration, pH and phosphates all impact the gel‐forming ability of CGP concentrate. Desired gel properties can be obtained through adjustment of these factors. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Perioperative chemotherapy versus neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for esophageal or GEJ adenocarcinoma: A propensity score‐matched analysis comparing toxicity, pathologic outcome, and survival
Authors: Goense Lucas , van der Sluis Pieter C. , van Rossum Peter S. N. , van der Horst Sylvia , Meijer Gert J. , Haj Mohammad Nadia , van Vulpen Marco , Mook Stella , Ruurda Jelle P. , van Hillegersberg Richard
Published: March 2017

Objectives

To evaluate toxicity, pathologic outcome, and survival after perioperative chemotherapy (pCT) compared to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) followed by surgery for patients with resectable esophageal or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma.

Methods

Consecutive patients with resectable esophageal or GEJ adenocarcinoma who underwent pCT (epirubicin, cisplatin, and capecitabine) or nCRT (paclitaxel, carboplatin, and 41.4 Gy) followed by surgery in a tertiary referral center in the Netherlands were compared. Propensity score matching was applied to create comparable groups.

Results

Of 193 eligible patients, 21 were discarded after propensity score matching; 86 and 86 patients who underwent pCT and nCRT, respectively, remained. Grade ≥3 thromboembolic events occurred only in the pCT group (19% vs. 0%, P < 0.001), whereas grade ≥3 leukopenia occurred more frequently in the nCRT group (14% vs. 4%, P = 0.015). No significant differences regarding postoperative morbidity and mortality were found. Pathologic complete response was more frequently observed with nCRT (18% vs. 11%, P < 0.001), without significantly improving radicality rates (95% vs. 89%, P = 0.149). Both strategies resulted in comparable 3‐year progression‐free survival (pCT vs. nCRT: 46% vs. 55%, P = 0.344) and overall survival rates (49% vs. 50%, P = 0.934). At 3‐year follow‐up, fewer locoregional disease progression occurred in the nCRT group (19% vs. 37%, P = 0.024).

Conclusions

Compared to perioperative chemotherapy, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy achieves higher pathologic response rates and a lower risk of locoregional disease progression, without improving survival.
Expanding the limits of resectability: Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) using monosegment 6, facilitated by an inferior right hepatic vein
Authors: Pineda‐Solís Karen , Paskar Dave , Tun‐Abraham Mauro , Hernandez‐Alejandro Roberto
Published: March 2017

We describe our technique using the combination of a recent surgical technique (ALPPS) and an anomalous vascular anatomy to push the current limits of liver resectability. The approach allowed the resection of the three hepatic veins and preserved a peripheral segment 6 as the only future liver remnant, having an inferior hepatic vein as its outflow.
k‐t accelerated aortic 4D flow MRI in under two minutes: Feasibility and impact of resolution, k‐space sampling patterns, and respiratory navigator gating on hemodynamic measurements
Authors: Bollache Emilie , Barker Alex J , Dolan Ryan Scott , Carr James C , van Ooij Pim , Ahmadian Rouzbeh , Powell Alex , Collins Jeremy D , Geiger Julia , Markl Michael
Published: March 2017

Purpose

To assess the performance of highly accelerated free‐breathing aortic four‐dimensional (4D) flow MRI acquired in under 2 minutes compared to conventional respiratory gated 4D flow.

Methods

Eight k‐t accelerated nongated 4D flow MRI (parallel MRI with extended and averaged generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition kernels [PEAK GRAPPA], R = 5, TRes = 67.2 ms) using four ky‐kz Cartesian sampling patterns (linear, center‐out, out‐center‐out, random) and two spatial resolutions (SRes1 = 3.5 × 2.3 × 2.6 mm3, SRes2 = 4.5 × 2.3 × 2.6 mm3) were compared in vitro (aortic coarctation flow phantom) and in 10 healthy volunteers, to conventional 4D flow (16 mm‐navigator acceptance window; R = 2; TRes = 39.2 ms; SRes = 3.2 × 2.3 × 2.4 mm3). The best k‐t accelerated approach was further assessed in 10 patients with aortic disease.

Results

The k‐t accelerated in vitro aortic peak flow (Qmax), net flow (Qnet), and peak velocity (Vmax) were lower than conventional 4D flow indices by ≤4.7%, ≤ 11%, and ≤22%, respectively. In vivo k‐t accelerated acquisitions were significantly shorter but showed a trend to lower image quality compared to conventional 4D flow. Hemodynamic indices for linear and out‐center‐out k‐space samplings were in agreement with conventional 4D flow (Qmax ≤ 13%, Qnet ≤ 13%, Vmax ≤ 17%, P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Aortic 4D flow MRI in under 2 minutes is feasible with moderate underestimation of flow indices. Differences in k‐space sampling patterns suggest an opportunity to mitigate image artifacts by an optimal trade‐off between scan time, acceleration, and k‐space sampling. Magn Reson Med 79:195–207, 2018. © 2018 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Investigating the Risks of Spiritual Leadership
Authors: Cregård Anna
Published: March 2017

The spiritual leadership literature suggests that such leadership has a positive influence on organizations’ productivity and profitability as well as on employees’ enjoyment and well‐being. In a qualitative study conducted at a Swedish abbey for nuns, using interviews, observations, correspondence, and documents, this research indicates that spiritual leadership may pose negative risks to organizations and their leaders. Risks in spiritual leadership that are indicated include a culture of narrow‐mindedness and leadership rotation failure that can lead to rigidity and to the leader's work overload because of the demand for limitless empathy and for personal sacrifice. The findings should be viewed as an inspiration for further research.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of health‐related quality of life in pediatric CNS tumor survivors
Authors: Schulte Fiona , Russell K. Brooke , Cullen Patricia , Embry Leanne , Fay‐McClymont Taryn , Johnston Donna , Rosenberg Abby R. , Sung Lillian
Published: March 2017

Background

Pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumor survivors are at high risk for numerous late effects including decreased health‐related quality of life (HRQOL). Our objective was to summarize studies describing HRQOL in pediatric CNS tumor survivors and compare HRQOL outcomes in studies that included a comparison group.

Procedure

EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PsychINFO were used to identify relevant articles published until August, 2016. Eligible studies reported outcomes for pediatric CNS tumor survivors diagnosed before age 21, at least 5 years from diagnosis and/or 2 years off therapy and used a standardized measure of HRQOL. All data were abstracted by two reviewers. Random‐effects meta‐analyses were performed using Review Manager 5.0.

Results

Of 1,912 unique articles identified, 74 were included in this review. Papers described 29 different HRQOL tools. Meta‐analyses compared pediatric CNS tumor survivors to healthy comparisons and other pediatric cancer survivors separately. HRQOL was significantly lower for CNS (n = 797) than healthy comparisons (n = 1,397) (mean difference = –0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] = –0.72 to –0.35, P < 0.001, I2 = 35%). HRQOL was also significantly lower for CNS (n = 244) than non‐CNS survivors (n = 414) (mean difference = –0.56, 95% CI = –0.73 to –0.38, P < 0.00001, I2 = 0%).

Conclusions

Pediatric CNS tumor survivors experience worse HRQOL than healthy comparisons and non‐CNS cancer survivors. Future HRQOL work should be longitudinal, and/or multisite studies that examine HRQOL by diagnosis and treatment modalities.
Synthesis and tunable thermoresponsive solution morphologies of 2,2‐bis‐methylolpropionic acid dendron–azobenzene–poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide) copolymers
Authors: Kalva Nagendra , Ambade Ashootosh V
Published: March 2017

Amphiphilic temperature‐ and photoresponsive linear–dendritic block copolymers comprising second‐generation acetonide‐2,2‐bis‐methylolpropionic acid‐based polyester dendron and linear poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) linked by an azobenzene unit were synthesized using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) followed by click chemistry. Linear PNIPAM precursor was prepared from an azide‐functionalized azobenzene containing ATRP initiator. Two polymers obtained by varying the chain length of the PNIPAM block showed different morphologies and lower critical solution temperature (LCST) values in aqueous solution. Complete change in morphology of the two polymers into large spherical aggregates and nanotubes, respectively, was observed upon heating the micellar solution above LCST. The azobenzene unit was found to undergo trans–cis photoisomerization in the assemblies and caused a change in the microenvironment of an encapsulated hydrophobic dye without any release. Acetonide groups on the dendron were deprotected to afford hydroxylated polymer that showed well‐defined morphologies above the LCST and after heating–cooling cycle while significant dye encapsulation was seen only above the LCST. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Bio‐based epoxy vitrimers: Reprocessibility, controllable shape memory, and degradability
Authors: Ma Zhiyan , Wang Yan , Zhu Jing , Yu Junrong , Hu Zuming
Published: March 2017

The research activities in the development of recyclable and reprocessable covalently crosslinked networks, and the construction of polymers from renewable resources are both stemmed from the economical and environmental problems associated with traditional thermosets. However, there is little effort in combination of these two attractive strategies in material designs. This article reported a bio‐based vitrimer constructed from isosorbide‐derived epoxy and aromatic diamines containing disulfide bonds. The resulted dynamic epoxy resins showed comparable thermomechanical properties as compared to similar epoxy networks cured by traditional curing agent. Rheological tests demonstrated the fast stress relaxation of the dynamic network due to the rapid metathesis of disulfide bonds at temperature higher than glass transition temperature. This feature permitted the recycling and reprocessing of the fragmented samples for several times by hot press. The dynamic epoxy resins also exhibited shape‐memory effect, and it is demonstrated that the shape recovery ratio could be readily adjusted by controlling the stress relaxation in the temporary state at programming temperature. Moreover, the degradability of the dynamic epoxy resins in alkaline aqueous solution was also demonstrated. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 1790–1799
Larvicidal activity of synthetic tropane alkaloids against Ascia monuste orseis (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)
Authors: Mairink Simone Z , Barbosa Luiz CA , Varejão Eduardo VV , Farias Elizeu S , Santos Márcio LM , Picanço Marcelo C
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUND

Tropane alkaloids are known to play a role in plant defence. By blocking acetylcholine receptors, they exert insecticidal and deterrent effects against herbivore insects. Carbamates are an important class of chemical insecticides that also inhibit acetyl cholinesterase. The objective of this work was to synthesise a series of tropane alkaloids bearing a carbamate group, and to evaluate their effects against the pest Ascia monuste. The effects of the most active compounds were evaluated on the A. monuste predator Solenopsis saevissima and on the pollinator Tetragonisca angustula.

RESULTS

The synthesis of carbamate‐tropane alkaloids was accomplished in 4–5 steps from commercially available ketones. Results from bioassays showed that compounds 6a, 10a and 14a presented higher activities against second‐instar larvae of A. monuste, with LD50 values of 1.01, 3.76 and 1.92 µg substance mg−1 insect, and TL50 values of 7.0, 15.0 and 5.0 h respectively. These compounds were also tested for their selectivity in favour of S. saevissima and T. angustula. Compound 6a, which showed the highest activity against A. monuste, also showed lower toxicity against S. saevissima.

CONCLUSION

Tropane alkaloid derivatives bearing a carbamate group show potential for the development of novel insecticides against A. monuste. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Demonstrating Contaminant Degradation at an MGP Site With Metabolic Gas Flux and Radio Carbon Dating
Authors: Carroll Sean M. , Peacock Aaron D. , Zimbron Julio , Alepidis Kenneth N. , Clock Jeffrey A.
Published: March 2017

Obtaining lines of evidence indicating that contamination in sediment environments is degrading and being transformed to less toxic forms is an important component of building support for a monitored natural recovery remedy for contaminated sediments. This project was a field demonstration of manufactured gas plant contaminant degradation in river sediments using metabolic gas flux and was performed in an urban area section of a river in northeastern Indiana. CO2 sorbent traps were deployed to measure CO2 flux from the river sediments. Sediment samples were collected and analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations and for microbial community composition using molecular techniques. The results showed that the deployment was successful, measuring CO2 flux at all sediment locations and demonstrating that microbial contaminant degrading activity was occurring in the sediments. Radio carbon dating showed a significant portion of the CO2 being generated (approximately 19–27 percent) was the result of fossil fuel degradation. Molecular results showed that the microbial community consisted of phylotypes known to be associated with monocyclic aromatic and PAH degradation. ©2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
There Are More Than Three Reasons to Consider Sustainable Remediation, a Dutch Perspective
Authors: Slenders Hans L. A. , Bakker Laurent , Bardos Paul , Verburg Rachelle , Alphenaar Arne , Darmendrail Dominique , Nadebaum Peter
Published: March 2017

This article provides an overview of the developments concerning sustainable remediation (SR) from the authors’ perspective. A short history of policy development is outlined, in which the focus mainly lies on the Netherlands since this is the homeland of the majority of the authors. The Netherlands is a densely populated country with high pressure on land and was in the forefront of developments in soil policy. The authors plead for simplicity in approaches, as history has proven that the simpler theory more often is true, and above all will better be understood by stakeholders and, thus, will more easily lead to consensus. Implicitly the authors make clear that SR not only has benefits from a societal, economic, and environmental point of view, but if the methodologies are implemented correctly, it leads to more robust and supported decision making. Moreover, it opens the road to flexible and integral remedial objectives that enable innovative and creative solutions for soil and groundwater contamination. The proposed methodologies and creative innovations are illustrated with full‐scale operational cases. ©2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Use of Zero‐Valent Iron (ZVI) Technology to Promote DDT and Dieldrin Degradation at Point Pelee National Park
Authors: Dahmer Carolina P. , Rutter Allison , Zeeb Barbara A.
Published: March 2017

Point Pelee National Park (PPNP) is highly contaminated with dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and dieldrin due to the historical use of these two persistent organochlorine pesticides. Zero‐valent iron (ZVI) technology with and without amendments has been successfully used in the past to promote organochlorine pesticides degradation in several locations in North America and Europe. In this study, the use of two commercially available ZVI products, DARAMEND® and EHC®, to promote DDT and dieldrin degradation in PPNP's soil and groundwater were investigated. DARAMEND® was applied to PPNP's soil in a laboratory experiment and in an in situ pilot‐scale plot. In both cases, DARAMEND® did not significantly increase DDT or dieldrin degradation in treated soils. The effectiveness of EHC® was tested in a laboratory experiment that simulated the park's groundwater environment using PPNP's pesticide contaminated soil. The result was consistent with the one reported for DARAMEND®, in that there was no significant increase in DDT or dieldrin degradation in any of the samples treated with EHC®. These results demonstrate that both of these ZVI commercially available products are not suitable for in situ remediation at PPNP.  ©2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
UAV Localization in Row Crops
Authors: Anthony David , Detweiler Carrick
Published: March 2017

High‐flying unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are transforming industrial and research agriculture by delivering high spatiotemporal resolution data on a field environment. While current UAVs fly high above fields collecting aerial imagery, future low‐flying aircraft will directly interact with the environment and will utilize a wider variety of sensors. Safely and reliably operating close to unstructured environments requires improving UAVs' sensing, localization, and control algorithms. To this end, we investigate localizing a micro‐UAV in corn phenotyping trials using a laser scanner and IMU to control the altitude and position of the vehicle relative to the plant rows. In this process, the laser scanner is not only a means of localization, but also a scientific instrument for measuring plant properties. Experimental evaluations demonstrate that the is capable of safely and reliably operating in real‐world phenotyping trials. We experimentally validate the system in both low and high wind conditions in fully mature corn fields. Using test data from 18 test flights, we show that the UAV is capable of localizing its position to within one field row of the true position.
Dynamic Versus Static Dictionary With and Without Printed Focal Words in E‐Book Reading as Facilitator for Word Learning
Authors: Korat Ofra , Levin Iris , Ben‐Shabt Anat , Shneor Dafna , Bokovza Limor
Published: March 2017

We investigated the extent to which a dictionary embedded in an e‐book with static or dynamic visuals with and without printed focal words affects word learning. A pretest–posttest design was used to measure gains of expressive words' meaning and their spelling. The participants included 250 Hebrew‐speaking second graders from low‐socioeconomic status families who were randomly assigned to five equal groups. Four groups read the e‐book with a dictionary with (1) static visuals (SVs) without the printed focal words, (2) dynamic visuals (DVs) without the printed focal words, (3) SVs with the printed focal words, or (4) DVs with the printed focal words. The fifth group read the e‐book without a dictionary (control). The results show that word explanations and word use progressed the most after reading the e‐book with DVs and printed focal words. Less progress was observed when reading with SVs with printed focal words and DVs without printed focal words. Even less progress was observed when reading with SVs without printed focal words. The lowest support was in the control group, who read the e‐book without a dictionary. Word spelling progressed significantly in all groups. This study contributes to our knowledge on the potential benefits of multimedia for supporting the language and literacy of preschoolers. More specifically, it shows the contribution of a dynamic dictionary together with printed focal words for expressive word learning, along with the benefit of highlighted text in an e‐book for supporting word spelling.
Aligned Growth of Millimeter‐Size Hexagonal Boron Nitride Single‐Crystal Domains on Epitaxial Nickel Thin Film
Authors: Meng Junhua , Zhang Xingwang , Wang Ye , Yin Zhigang , Liu Heng , Xia Jing , Wang Haolin , You Jingbi , Jin Peng , Wang Denggui , Meng Xiang‐Min
Published: March 2017

Atomically thin hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) is gaining significant attention for many applications such as a dielectric layer or substrate for graphene‐based devices. For these applications, synthesis of high‐quality and large‐area h‐BN layers with few defects is strongly desirable. In this work, the aligned growth of millimeter‐size single‐crystal h‐BN domains on epitaxial Ni (111)/sapphire substrates by ion beam sputtering deposition is demonstrated. Under the optimized growth conditions, single‐crystal h‐BN domains up to 0.6 mm in edge length are obtained, the largest reported to date. The formation of large‐size h‐BN domains results mainly from the reduced Ni‐grain boundaries and the improved crystallinity of Ni film. Furthermore, the h‐BN domains show well‐aligned orientation and excellent dielectric properties. In addition, the sapphire substrates can be repeatedly used with almost no limit. This work provides an effective approach for synthesizing large‐scale high‐quality h‐BN layers for electronic applications.
Re: Long‐term follow‐up of sacrocolpopexy mesh implants at two time intervals at least 1 year apart using 4D transperineal ultrasound. V. H. Eisenberg, M. Steinberg, Z. Weiner, E. Schiff and L. Lowenstein. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017; 49: 398–403.
Authors: Svabik K.
Published: March 2017

Linked Comment: Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017; 49: 398–403
Neoadjuvant Treatment for Locally Invasive Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Iams Wade T. , Villaflor Victoria M.
Published: March 2017

Locally advanced esophageal carcinoma has a poor prognosis, and epidemiologic trends show that more patients are being diagnosed with locally advanced esophageal carcinoma and with adenocarcinoma histology. This prompts a review and evaluation of the field regarding standard of care treatment for patients with locally advanced esophageal carcinoma, both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. We review the evidence showing the moderate benefit of neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by esophagectomy compared to perioperative chemotherapy plus esophagectomy in patients who are good operative candidates. Also, we summarize the emerging clinical trial landscape in the perioperative setting primarily seeking to apply targeted therapies against HER2 (trastuzumab or pertuzumab) or immune checkpoint inhibitors against programmed death 1 (PD‐1; pembrolizumab and nivolumab) or programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1; durvalumab). Understanding the foundations that have determined the current standard of care for patients with locally advanced esophageal carcinoma will aid in interpreting the clinical trial results that will soon appear with the novel treatment strategies.
Central Nervous System Tuberculosis: An Imaging Perspective
Authors: Chaudhary Vikas , Bano Shahina , Garga Umesh Chandra
Published: March 2017

The increasing prevalence of tuberculosis in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals in recent years makes the disease a topic of universal concern. It has insidious onset and can affect virtually any organ system in the body, including the central nervous system (CNS). CNS tuberculosis (TB) is becoming more and more complex and atypical with onset of multidrug-resistant TB. Routine diagnostic techniques using serology and body tissue are time consuming and may delay the definitive management. Hence, it is important to be familiar with various radiologic features of CNS TB to ensure early and accurate diagnosis, thereby reducing high morbidity and mortality associated with the disease. The newer imaging techniques further help to improve the characterization and diagnosis of atypical CNS TB. The authors review the imaging characteristics of different forms of CNS tuberculosis involving the brain and spine and discuss the role of advanced imaging modalities in differentiating CNS TB from other disease process.
Hanging drop culture enhances differentiation of human adipose‐derived stem cells into anterior neuroectodermal cells using small molecules
Authors: Amirpour Noushin , Razavi Shahnaz , Esfandiari Ebrahim , Hashemibeni Batoul , Kazemi Mohammad , Salehi Hossein
Published: March 2017

Inspired by in vivo developmental process, several studies were conducted to design a protocol for differentiating of mesenchymal stem cells into neural cells in vitro. Human adipose‐derived stem cells (hADSCs) as mesenchymal stem cells are a promising source for this purpose. At current study, we applied a defined neural induction medium by using small molecules for direct differentiation of hADSCs into anterior neuroectodermal cells. Anterior neuroectodermal differentiation of hADSCs was performed by hanging drop and monolayer protocols. At these methods, three small molecules were used to suppress the BMP, Nodal, and Wnt signaling pathways in order to obtain anterior neuroectodermal (eye field) cells from hADSCs. After two and three weeks of induction, the differentiated cells with neural morphology expressed anterior neuroectodermal markers such as OTX2, SIX3, β‐TUB III and PAX6. The protein expression of such markers was confirmed by real time, RT‐PCR and immunocytochemistry methods According to our data, it seems that the hanging drop method is a proper approach for neuroectodermal induction of hADSCs. Considering wide availability and immunosuppressive properties of hADSCs, these cells may open a way for autologous cell therapy of neurodegenerative disorders.
Chaotic grey wolf optimization algorithm for constrained optimization problems
Authors: Kohli Mehak , Arora Sankalap
Published: March 2017

The Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) algorithm is a novel meta-heuristic, inspired from the social hunting behavior of grey wolves. This paper introduces the chaos theory into the GWO algorithm with the aim of accelerating its global convergence speed. Firstly, detailed studies are carried out on thirteen standard constrained benchmark problems with ten different chaotic maps to find out the most efficient one. Then, the chaotic GWO is compared with the traditional GWO and some other popular meta-heuristics viz. Firefly Algorithm, Flower Pollination Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm. The performance of the CGWO algorithm is also validated using five constrained engineering design problems. The results showed that with an appropriate chaotic map, CGWO can clearly outperform standard GWO, with very good performance in comparison with other algorithms and in application to constrained optimization problems.

Highlights Chaos has been introduced to the GWO to develop Chaotic GWO for global optimization. Ten chaotic maps have been investigated to tune the key parameter ‘a’, of GWO. Effectiveness of the algorithm is tested on many constrained benchmark functions. Results show CGWO's better performance over other nature-inspired optimization methods. The proposed CGWO is also used for some engineering design applications.
Effects of Lumbar Core Stability Exercise Programme on Knee Pain, Range of Motion, and Function Post Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Priyanka Panchal , Nilima Bedekar , Parag Sancheti , Ashok Shyam
Published: March 2017

Purpose

To study the additional effects of lumbar core stability on knee pain, range of motion and function post ACL reconstruction.

Methods

An experimental comparative study was undertaken at a tertiary orthopaedic and rehabilitation centre with a total of 60 patients with ACL reconstruction, randomly allotted into two groups. Both groups were given institutional rehabilitation protocol; and additional lumbar core stability exercise programme was given to experimental group. Intervention period was 4 weeks. Pain on VAS, range of motion (ROM) and function using Modified Lysholm Scoring Scale (MLSS) and Tegner Activity Level (TAL) were the outcome measures.

Results

Between group analyses of MLSS and TAL by Mann Whitney U test showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.038) and statistically non-significant difference (p = 1.00), respectively.

Conclusion

Institutional conventional exercise protocol is effective in reducing pain and improving the ROM post and lumbar core stability exercise programme is effective in improving function, post ACL reconstruction.
Zfra restores memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease triple‐transgenic mice by blocking aggregation of TRAPPC6AΔ, SH3GLB2, tau, and amyloid β, and inflammatory NF‐κB activation
Authors: Lee Ming‐Hui , Shih Yao‐Hsiang , Lin Sing‐Ru , Chang Jean‐Yun , Lin Yu‐Hao , Sze Chun‐I , Kuo Yu‐Min , Chang Nan‐Shan
Published: March 2017

Introduction

Zinc finger‐like protein that regulates apoptosis (Zfra) is a naturally occurring 31‐amino‐acid protein. Synthetic peptides Zfra1–31 and Zfra4–10 are known to effectively block the growth of many types of cancer cells.

Methods

Ten‐month‐old triple‐transgenic (3×Tg) mice for Alzheimer's disease (AD) received synthetic Zfra peptides via tail vein injections, followed by examining restoration of memory deficits.

Results

Zfra significantly downregulated TRAPPC6AΔ, SH3GLB2, tau, and amyloid β (Αβ) aggregates in the brains of 3×Tg mice and effectively restored their memory capabilities. Zfra inhibited melanoma‐induced neuronal death in the hippocampus and plaque formation in the cortex. Mechanistically, Zfra blocked the aggregation of amyloid β 42 and many serine‐containing peptides in vitro, suppressed tumor necrosis factor–mediated NF‐κB activation, and bound cytosolic proteins for accelerating their degradation in ubiquitin/proteasome‐independent manner.

Discussion

Zfra peptides exhibit a strong efficacy in blocking tau aggregation and amyloid Αβ formation and restore memory deficits in 3×Tg mice, suggesting its potential for treatment of AD.
Ocular cranial nerve palsies secondary to sphenoid sinusitis
Authors: El Mograbi Aiman , Soudry Ethan
Published: March 2017

Objective

The clinical presentation of sphenoid sinusitis can be highly variable. Rarely, sphenoid sinusitis may present with cranial nerve complications due to the proximity of these structures to the sphenoid sinus.

Method

A case series from Rabin Medical Center and all cases of cranial nerves palsies secondary to sphenoid sinusitis that have been reported in the literature were reviewed.

Results

Seventeen patients were identified. The abducent nerve was the most common cranial nerve affected (76%), followed by the oculomotor nerve (18%). One patient had combined oculomotor, trochlear and abducent palsies. The most common pathology was isolated purulent sphenoid sinusitis in 64% followed by allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) in 18%, and fungal infection in 18%. 94% had an acute presentation. The majority (85%) received a combined intravenous antibiotics and surgical treatment. The remainder received conservative treatment alone. Complete recovery of cranial nerve palsy was noted in 82% during follow up.

Conclusion

Sphenoid sinusitis presenting as diplopia and headaches is rare. A neoplastic process must be ruled out and early surgical intervention with intravenous antimicrobial therapy carry an excellent outcome with complete resolution of symptoms.
Fragments of the Past
Authors: Parker Bradley J. , Sharratt Nicola
Published: March 2017

Microartifact analysis, the study of the density and distribution of tiny (yet visible) fragments of ceramics, bone, worked stone, and other microartifacts, offers a promising solution to the challenges of determining the location and nature of activity areas at archaeological sites. In spite of the fact that microartifact analysis has been successfully applied at sites in North America and the Middle East, archaeologists have yet to recognize the utility of this methodology in most of the rest of the world. The purpose of this article is, therefore, to test whether this methodology can be profitably applied in the southern Andes. To do so, we describe the results of microartifact sampling, processing, and analytical techniques that we applied to two phases of occupation at the site of Tumilaca la Chimba in southern Peru. The results of the research outlined in this article suggest that microartifact analysis is an effective analytical technique that can contribute greatly to archaeological praxis.
Comparative Clay Analysis and Curation for Archaeological Pottery Studies
Authors: Cordell Ann S. , Wallis Neill J. , Kidder Gerald
Published: March 2017

We describe the curation and use of clay samples as part of the ceramic ecology program at the Florida Museum of Natural History's Ceramic Technology Laboratory (FLMNH-CTL). We outline the history of the comparative clay sample collection at the FLMNH-CTL and detail the standard operating procedure by which samples are processed, analyzed, and curated. We also provide examples of how the clay samples have been used in research projects as well as some of the challenges inherent to studies using such samples. Our collection of processed clays and associated thin sections, which is curated in perpetuity, represents a valuable resource for ongoing and future lab endeavors and is available to other researchers focusing on Florida and adjacent regions.
Ifugao Archaeology
Authors: Acabado Stephen , Martin Marlon , Datar Francisco
Published: March 2017

Recent trends in the practice of archaeology have seen the emergence of the active involvement of stakeholders in the research process. This is an important development, given that the relationship between archaeologists and the communities that they work with has been tenuous, particularly when archaeological findings contest ethnic identities. As a case in point, the findings of the Ifugao Archaeological Project (Philippines) question the bases of Ifugao identity. Ifugao identity is centered on wet-rice production and resistance to colonialism. Previously, the dating of the inception of the Ifugao rice terraces was placed at 2,000 years ago. The findings of the Ifugao Archaeological Project (IAP), however, suggest that the construction of the terraces coincided with the arrival of the Spanish in the northern Philippines. Initially, this finding did not sit well the larger Ifugao descendant communities, but, as our article narrates, the pursuit to actively involve stakeholders in the research process resolved this issue. Our experience in Ifugao has shown that the inclusion of the voices of stakeholders in the interpretation of the past is inadequate because it suggests that indigenous stakeholders are simply contributors to, and not co-investigators of, research projects. As our work in Ifugao demonstrates, primary stakeholders are now co-investigators (exemplified by this coauthored article).
Beyond the Square Hole
Authors: Koenig Charles W. , Willis Mark D. , Black Stephen L.
Published: March 2017

The accurate and precise collection of three-dimensional (3D) context and provenience data is of critical importance for archaeologists. Traditional square-hole methods are being augmented by new digital techniques to increase the accuracy and precision with which 3D data are collected. Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry is an emerging digital technique that is becoming more widespread for collecting 3D data of archaeological sites and features. We are using handheld digital cameras and ground-based SfM to record accurate and precise 3D context and provenience data at the scale of the excavation unit and profile during rockshelter excavations in the Lower Pecos Canyonlands of Texas. By combining SfM with traditional excavation methods, we collect 3D data on excavation units, layers, features, and profiles without excavating in grid-bound square units. SfM provides a straightforward and flexible method to excavate based on the stratigraphy and logistical pragmatics, which further aids in assigning precise context and provenience to recovered artifacts and samples. This article describes how ground-based SfM serves as a basic recording tool during excavation and shows that, by applying ground-based SfM methods to excavation, archaeologists can collect more, and more accurate, data than with traditional square-hole methods.
The Abductive Theory of Method: Scientific Inquiry and Clinical Practice
Authors: Ward Tony , Clack Samuel , Haig Brian D.
Published: March 2017

Clinical reasoning is one of the central components of psychological assessment. The identification of a client's psychological difficulties and the subsequent depiction of their onset, development, and interrelationships enables clinicians to plan treatment in a systematic and effective manner. In an article (Ward, Vertue, & Haig, 1999), we outlined the abductive theory of method (ATOM) and argued that it offered a useful framework for highlighting and integrating the major phases of psychological assessment. These phases involve detecting clinical phenomena, postulating psychological mechanisms, developing a case formulation, and evaluating a case formulation. In this article we present a revised version of the adaptation of ATOM and elaborate on the related clinical dimensions of assessment.
Surge Capacity of Hospitals in Emergencies and Disasters With a Preparedness Approach: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sheikhbardsiri Hojjat , Raeisi Ahmad Reza , Nekoei-moghadam Mahmood , Rezaei Fatemeh
Published: March 2017

Objective

Surge capacity is one of the most important components of hospital preparedness for responding to emergencies and disasters. The ability to provide health and medical care during a sudden increase in the number of patients or victims of disasters is a main concern of hospitals. We aimed to perform a systematic review of hospital surge capacity in emergencies and disasters with a preparedness approach.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The key words “surge,” “surge capacity,” “preparedness,” “hospital emergency department,” “hospital,” “surge capability,” “emergency,” “hazard,” “disaster,” “catastrophe,” “crisis,” and “tragedy” were used in combination with the Boolean operators OR and AND. The Google Scholar, ISI Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, Pro Quest, and Wiley databases were searched.

Results

A total of 1008 articles were extracted and 17 articles were selected for final review of surge capacity based on the objective of the study. Seventeen studies (1 randomized controlled trial, 2 qualitative studies, and 14 cross-sectional studies) investigated the surge capacity of hospitals in emergencies and disasters to evaluate the best evidence to date. The results of selected articles indicated that there are various ways to increase the capacity of hospitals in 4 domains: staff, stuff, structure, and system.

Conclusion

Surge capacity is a basic element of disaster preparedness programs. Results of the current study could help health field managers in hospitals to prepare for capacity-building based on surge capacity components to improve and promote hospital preparedness programs. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:612–620)
Customer Stock Ownership as Monopoly Utility Political Strategy in the 1910s and 1920s
Authors: ROBERT DANIEL
Published: March 2017

In the beginning of the twentieth century, as Americans erupted in righteous indignation over the flagrant abuses of monopoly utilities, utility executives responded by developing several strategies to improve public opinion, rein in regulation, and thwart public ownership. One of the most widely used and successful of these strategies was selling gas, electricity, and telephone company stock directly to customers. To reach these local customers, utility managers required their employees to peddle stock directly to their friends, family, and customers. Using this method, utilities reached a large number of Americans who would not normally have set up a brokerage account or been solicited by a securities sales agent. By farming these interstitial regions of America’s financial landscape, utility executives harvested millions of dollars in capital, but as executives explicitly made clear, the goal of customer stock ownership was not to raise capital but to raise political support. By the crash of 1929, utilities directly sold stock to 20 percent of the total number of stockholding Americans directly through customer stock ownership programs and not through traditional brokerage firms. This article situates the development of customer stock ownership in the political economic context from which it emerged as an organizational response, reveals the social and organizational processes by which utility monopolies sold stock, and appraises the effect of customer stock ownership on antimonopoly sentiment in America.
Pseudo-outbreak ofBrevundimonas diminutaAttributed to Contamination of Culture Medium Supplement
Authors: Lee Rachael A. , Moser Stephen A. , Long Martha , Butler Susan L. , Whiddon Jennifer F. , Camins Bernard C.
Published: March 2017

We report an epidemiological investigation of a cluster ofBrevundimonas diminutaisolates cultured from sterile sites. Inoculation of supplement medium yielded growth ofB. diminuta. Molecular typing indicated likely contamination of the lot. NoB. diminutawas further isolated after replacement of the supplement with a new lot number.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2017;38:598–601
Effect of a Buttiauxella phytase on production performance in
growing/finishing pigs fed a European-type diet without inclusion of inorganic
phosphorus
Authors: Dersjant-Li Yueming , Schuh Katharina , Wealleans Alexandra L. , Awati Ajay , Dusel Georg
Published: March 2017

The effect of a Buttiauxella phytase, in a dose range of 0-1000
FTU/kg in feed, on production performance in growing/finishing pigs fed European type
wheat, corn, barley and SBM based diet was determined. Five dietary treatments were
tested including a positive control (PC), a negative control (NC) without inorganic P
and with reduced Ca (–0.12%) and metabolisable energy content (–0.14 MJ ME/kg) or NC
supplemented with Buttiauxella phytase (Axtra® PHY,
Danisco Animal Nutrition, DuPont Industrial Biosciences, Marlborough, UK) at 250, 500
or 1000 FTU/kg respectively. A total of 100 pigs (mean initial BW of 30 kg, Topig x
Pi, 10 weeks of age) were used, with 20 replicates per treatment (50% gilts and 50%
barrows). Pigs were individually housed in pens and randomly allocated on the basis
of body weight (BW) and gender to the five treatments. Feed, in mash form, and water
were offered ad libitum. Basal diets had an intrinsic phytase level
of approximately 300 and 440 FTU/kg in NC grower and NC finisher diets respectively.
Mean average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion
ratio (FCR) were calculated for the feeding phases of 30–85 kg (grower), 85–125 kg
(finisher) on trial and for overall period. During the grower phase, increasing
phytase dose resulted in a linear increase in ADG. Phytase inclusion at 250, 500 and
1000 FTU/kg improved ADG by 3.5, 7.2 and 8.1% respectively compared to NC and by 0.8,
4.5 and 5.3% respectively compared to those fed the PC. Performance in the finisher
phase, overall period and slaughter parameters were not different between dietary
treatments. The data showed that it was beneficial to increase phytase dose up to
1000 FTU/kg in grower pigs up to 85 kg BW. In the finisher phase, in pigs with BW
above 85 kg, 500 FTU/kg was sufficient to replace inorganic P and maintain
performance and carcass characteristics comparable to pigs fed the PC.
Mean and turbulence dynamics in unsteady Ekman boundary layers
Authors: Momen Mostafa , Bou-Zeid Elie
Published: March 2017

Unsteady pressure gradients in turbulent flows not only influence the mean, but also affect the higher statistical moments of turbulence. In these flows, it is important to understand if and when turbulence is in quasi-equilibrium with the mean in order to better capture the dynamics and develop effective closure models. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate how turbulence decays or develops relative to a time-varying mean flow, and how the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) production, transport and dissipation respond to changes in the imposed pressure forcing. The focus is on the neutral unsteady Ekman boundary layer, where pressure-gradient, Coriolis and turbulent friction forces interact, and the analyses are based on a suite of large-eddy simulations with unsteady pressure forcing. The results indicate that the dynamics is primarily controlled by the relative magnitudes of three time scales: the inertial time scale (characterized by Coriolis frequency${\sim}12$ hours at mid-latitudes), the turbulent time scale (${\sim}2$ hours for the largest eddies in the present simulations) and the forcing variability time scale (which is varied to reflect different (sub)meso to synoptic scale dynamics). When the forcing time scale is comparable to the turbulence time scale, the quasi-equilibrium condition becomes invalid due to highly complex interactions between the mean and turbulence, the velocity profiles manifestly depart from the log-law and the normalized TKE budget terms vary strongly in time. However, for longer, and surprisingly for shorter, forcing times, quasi-equilibrium is reasonably maintained. The analyses elucidate the physical mechanisms that trigger these dynamics, and investigate the implications on turbulence closure models.
Voter Registration Costs and Disenfranchisement: Experimental Evidence from France
Authors: BRACONNIER CÉLINE , DORMAGEN JEAN-YVES , PONS VINCENT
Published: March 2017

A large-scale randomized experiment conducted during the 2012 French presidential and parliamentary elections shows that voter registration requirements have significant effects on turnout, resulting in unequal participation. We assigned 20,500 apartments to one control or six treatment groups that received canvassing visits providing either information about registration or help to register at home. While both types of visits increased registration, home registration visits had a higher impact than information-only visits, indicating that both information costs and administrative barriers impede registration. Home registration did not reduce turnout among those who would have registered anyway. On the contrary, citizens registered due to the visits became more interested in and knowledgeable about the elections as a result of being able to participate in them, and 93% voted at least once in 2012. The results suggest that easing registration requirements could substantially enhance political participation and interest while improving representation of all groups.