bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
War and education: the attacks on medical schools amidst ongoing armed conflict, Sudan 2023
Authors: Mahgoub Esra Abdallah Abdalwahed , Khairy Amna , Osman Samar , Haga Musab Babiker , Osman Sarah Hashim Mohammed , Abbu Hassan Abubker Mohammed , Kamal Hala , Babiker Ayia
Published: March 2024

Background

War results in widespread destruction of a country’s infrastructure, healthcare facilities, and educational institutions. This study aims to assess the attacks on medical schools amidst the ongoing conflict in Sudan.

Methods

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted across 58 medical schools located in the states of Khartoum, Darfur, and Kordofan. Data on attacks between April 15, 2023, and July 15th 2023, were collected using online data collection form.

Results

All medical schools in conflict areas were included in the study. More than half (58.6%) of these medical schools were attacked. Private schools, constituting the majority of the study sample, were the most frequently attacked (70.6%). Of these, 52.9% were located in Khartoum city. More than one form of attack was reported in 64.7% of the affected schools. Looting occurred in 73.5% of the attacked faculties, while 67.6% of them were converted into military bases. Despite these challenges, 60.3% of the schools in the conflict zone managed to restore the educational process through online learning and collaboration with other institutions.

Conclusion

During a three-month period of warfare, most medical schools within conflict zones were attacked. This emphasizes the vulnerability of medical education institutions during war and highlights the urgent need of the Ministry of Higher Education interventions to provide leadership, support, and oversight for the educational process in medical schools across the country.
Application of double Sumudu-generalized Laplace decomposition method and two-dimensional time-fractional coupled Burger’s equation
Authors: Eltayeb Hassan
Published: March 2024

The current paper concentrates on discovering the exact solutions of the time-fractional regular and singular coupled Burger’s equations by involving a new technique known as the double Sumudu-generalized Laplace and Adomian decomposition method. Furthermore, some theorems of the double Sumudu-generalized Laplace properties are proved. Further, the offered method is a powerful tool for solving an enormous number of problems. The precision of the technique is evaluated with the aid of some examples, this method offers a solution precisely and successfully in a series form with smoothly calculated coefficients. The relation between both the approximate and exact solution is represented by a graph to display the high speed of this method’s convergence.
Hybrid nanogels and their roles in eliminating soot stains from historical paper manuscripts
Authors: Abdel-Hamied Mostafa , Hassan Haidi Mahmoud , Mohamed Yassmine Adel , Ismail Mai Emad Moustafa , Farid Yara , Mohamed Hager , Ismail Sameh H. , Salem Mohamed Z. M. , Hassan Rushdya Rabee Ali
Published: March 2024

Soot stain from diverse sources is the most common stain that stains historical paper documents found in libraries, museums, and storage facilities. It is believed to be one of the types of deterioration that arises from the contact between stains and paper sheets. Therefore, in the present work, the effectiveness of the synthesized hybrid nanogel consisting of carbopol and nanoparticles (NPs) of ZnO, TiO2, or Fe3O4, in low and high-viscosity forms, for eliminating soot stains from historical paper manuscripts was conducted. The prepared hybrid nanogels were characterized utilizing the TEM, AFM, XRD, DLS, and Zeta Potential techniques. Following preparation, the soot-stained paper samples were heated to 105 °C for 6 days, a process known as accelerated thermal aging. Surface morphology, mechanical properties and the color change of the paper samples were investigated. The prepared hybrid nanogel had a spherical shape with well-defined edges and uniform size, with an average particle diameter ranging from 30 to 35 nm. There was no significant NPs agglomeration seen, suggesting uniform dispersion in the carbopol matrix. Additionally, the prepared gels' crystal structure and phase purity were revealed by the XRD analysis results. Paper fibers were visible in some parts of the treated sample with TiO2/carbopol hybrid nanogel at high-viscosity before aging. Cleaning soot-stained paper samples using high-viscosity Fe3O4/carbopol hybrid nanogel is more successful than using low-viscosity nanogel. the sample treated with high-viscosity ZnONPs/carbopol hybrid nanogel produced the highest total color differences (ΔE) (26.17). The paper sample treated with high-viscosity ZnO/carbopol hybrid nanogel exhibited the maximum tensile strength (61.8 N/mm2) and elongation at break (1.174%). The evaluation of the paper samples both before and after the cleaning process revealed that, the treatment with high-viscosity ZnO/carbopol hybrid nanogel gave the best results in removing soot stains from stained paper samples.
Intermittent infusion hemodiafiltration is associated with improved survival compared to hemodialysis
Authors: Abe Masanori , Kikuchi Kan , Wada Atsushi , Nakai Shigeru , Hanafusa Norio
Published: March 2024

Background

Approximately 16.4% of patients on hemodialysis (HD) in Japan are treated with intermittent infusion hemodiafiltration (I-HDF). However, large-scale data on clinical outcomes with this modality are lacking. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of I-HDF with those of conventional HD.

Methods

A cohort study was conducted using the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy Renal Data Registry database from December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2019. The subjects were 210,574 patients on maintenance HD. The exposure of interest was I-HDF treatment versus conventional HD. The I-HDF group was divided into two subgroups based on substitution: low-volume (< 1.2 L per session) and high-volume (≥ 1.2 L per session). Outcomes included 2-year all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. The data were analyzed using Cox regression models after adjusting for potential confounders.

Results

I-HDF was associated with improved all-cause mortality compared to HD (hazard ratio: 0.94, 95% confidence interval: 0.90–0.99) after adjusting for all covariates. However, there was no significant difference in cardiovascular mortality between the two groups. In patients treated with I-HDF, the high-volume I-HDF group had improved all-cause and cardiovascular mortality compared to low-volume I-HDF or HD groups. Propensity score matching analysis revealed that the high-volume I-HDF group had better survival rates than the HD group.

Conclusions

This observational study suggests that I-HDF, especially with high- volumes substitution, may improve all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. However, to establish a causal relationship and further evaluate the efficacy of I-HDF in improving outcomes and reducing cardiovascular events in patients on dialysis, randomized controlled trials are warranted.

Trial registration UMIN000018641.
Identification of cancer-specific cell surface targets for CAR-T cell therapy
Authors: Hosen Naoki
Published: March 2024

One should identify appropriate cell surface targets to develop new CAR-T cells. Currently, lineage-specific antigens such as CD19 or B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) are being used as targets for CAR-T cells. However, in most cancers, lineage-specific antigens cannot be used as targets because targeting normal counterparts expressing them causes fatal toxicity. Cancer-specific transcripts have been extensively searched for using transcriptome analysis, but only a few candidates were reported. We have been working on identifying tumor-specific antigen structures, for example constitutively activated conformer of integrin b7 in multiple myeloma. Recently, several researchers have been working on a logic gate system that can react only when two antigens are expressed on the cell surface.
ACE I/D polymorphism in cognitive impairment and depression among North Indian adults: a pilot study
Authors: Sharma Apoorva , Chaudhary Vineet , Thakur Mamta Kumari , Devi Naorem Kiranmala , Saraswathy Kallur Nava
Published: March 2024

Background

Cognitive impairment and depression are two common mental health conditions affecting millions worldwide. CI and depression both have complex etiology and multiple genetic and environmental factors are thought to play a role in their onset and progression. Further, CI and depression often occur as comorbidities, indicating an overlap in their etiologies. The likelihood of developing major depressive illness and CI, the prognosis in response to treatments, and the possibility of adverse reactions to antidepressant medicines are all significantly influenced by genetics. Looking at the limited literature on the role of ACE I/D polymorphism in CI and depression among Indian populations, the present population-based pilot study was conducted with the aim to understand the association of ACE I/D polymorphism with CI and depression among North Indian adults.

Results

The present study was conducted among 195 individuals aged 30 years and above. The results of the present study show that the distributions of some of the studied sociodemographic variables, viz., gender, educational status, and employment status, were significantly different between those with and without CI, where a higher percentage of females, nonliterate and unemployed participants were in CI group than in the without CI group (p value < 0.05). For cognitive impairment, none of the models showed a statistically significant association with ACE I/D genotypes or alleles. For depression, two of the models showed a statistically significant association with ACE I/D genotypes or alleles. The ID + DD (D allele) and DD genotypes of ACE I/D polymorphism, with II as a reference, were found to pose a significantly reduced risk for depression (p value < 0.05).

Conclusion

In conclusion, the findings of this study suggest that the D allele of ACE I/D gene polymorphism poses a potentially reduced risk of depression among North Indian adults. In the case of cognitive impairment, the findings suggest that gender, educational status, and employment status may be important factors to consider when assessing the risk of cognitive impairment. However, more research is needed to better understand the complex interplay between sociodemographic and genetic factors and cognitive impairment and depression.
Positive thinking, resourcefulness skills, and future anxiety among the caregivers of children with intellectual disability: an intervention study
Authors: Sebaie Safia Ragab El , Aziz Maha Mahmoud Abd El , Atia Safaa Mohamed Metwaly
Published: March 2024

Background

Positive thinking is a mental attitude that focuses on positive thoughts and beliefs in order to improve one’s outlook on life and is linked to a variety of positive psychological and health consequences, as well as decreased anxiety and depression. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an intervention program on positive thinking, resourcefulness skills, and future anxiety among caregivers of children with intellectual disability. A quasi-experimental design was used on 70 caregivers whose children were attending the intellectual education school in Zagazig City. Data were collected through an interview questionnaire sheet composed of sociodemographic datasheet and child characteristics, the Positive Thinking Skills Scale (PTSS), the Resourcefulness Skills Scale (RSS), and the Future Anxiety Scale.

Results

The mean score of future anxiety was lower at the post-intervention phase compared to pre-intervention among the participants’ caregivers. Otherwise, the mean scores of positive thinking, social resourcefulness, personal resourcefulness, and total resourcefulness were higher at the post-intervention phase compared to pre-intervention among the participants’ caregivers. Positive thinking improved among 60.76%, resourcefulness skills among 19.49%, and future anxiety decreased among 21.30% of the caregivers after the intervention.

Conclusion

The intervention program was efficient in improving the caregivers’ positive thinking and resourcefulness skills and decreasing their future anxiety.

Recommendations

A continuous psychosocial training program is recommended to enhance the caregivers’ positive thinking and improve other aspects of psychological adjustment.
Therapeutic efficacy of gut microbiota-derived polyphenol metabolite Urolithin A
Authors: Shetty Shilpa S. , Shetty Sandeep , Kumari N. Suchetha
Published: March 2024

Background

Despite rising public awareness and improvements in diagnostic and treatment methods, there are adverse effects brought on by drug resistance, an increase in overall treatment costs, and unanticipated side effects from pharmaceuticals.

Main body

Therefore, efforts for development strategy that is more efficient, more affordable, and more secure are underway. Such a strategy involves employing naturally occurring phytochemicals to delay the beginning, prevent it from happening, or treat it, and it sparks an increase in interest in studies looking for an effective agent in herbs and other plant materials used in traditional medicines. Urolithins are polyphenol chemicals generated by the gut microbiota studied for potential health benefits and have a high bioavailability. After being ingested, urolithins can move throughout the body and mediate in different locations. Urolithins are studied for over 40 years, but their mechanistic role has been explored recently in understanding their potential health benefits.

Short conclusion

This review gives an overview of the current Urolithin A research on human health. The findings highlight the importance of exploring the potential of urolithins as a natural compound for therapeutic applications. Elucidating the mechanisms behind the disease process and pinpointing candidate molecules and pathways to target preventive and therapeutic intervention are the need of the hour.
Influence of artificial intelligence in modern pharmaceutical formulation and drug development
Authors: Ali Kazi Asraf , Mohin SK , Mondal Puja , Goswami Susmita , Ghosh Soumya , Choudhuri Sabyasachi
Published: March 2024

Background

Artificial intelligence (AI) revolutionized the formulation and development of modern pharmaceuticals. With the help of AI, researchers can now optimize drug design, develop formulations, and streamline clinical trials in a much accurate and efficient way. Drug development might be greatly expedited and time-consuming procedure; however, with the help of AI this are significantly reduced.

Main body of abstract

The main advantages of AI in pharmaceutical formulation are its capacity to analyse vast amounts of data and spot patterns and connections that human researchers would miss. Various tools and technologies, such as ANN, fuzzy logic, neuro-fuzzy logic, and genetic algorithm are used for analysing the date, of which ANN is popular and mostly used. AI enables the discovery of novel pharmacological targets and the creation of more potent medications. AI may also be used to improve medication formulations by forecasting the solubility, stability, and bioavailability of drug candidates, increasing the likelihood that clinical trials will be successful.

AI is also applied in designing clinical trials, reducing the time and cost of the process by identifying patient populations that are most likely to benefit from the treatment. Additionally, AI can monitor patients during clinical trials, detecting real-time adverse effects and adjusting dosages to improve patient outcomes.

Conclusion

AI is a potent pharmaceutical formulation and development tool, allowing researchers to analyse vast amounts of data, optimize drug formulations, and streamline clinical trials. As technology develops, experts anticipate that AI will increasingly show a crucial part in drug development, enabling faster, more efficient, and more effective treatments for various diseases.
Detailed Image Data Quality and Cleaning Practices for Artificial Intelligence Tools for Breast Cancer
Authors: Wu Dolly Y. , Fang Yisheng V. , Vo Dat T. , Spangler Ann , Seiler Stephen J.
Published: March 2024

Standardizing image-data preparation practices to improve accuracy/consistency of AI diagnostic tools.
CONTACT-01: A Randomized Phase III Trial of Atezolizumab + Cabozantinib Versus Docetaxel for Metastatic Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer After a Checkpoint Inhibitor and Chemotherapy
Authors: Neal Joel , Pavlakis Nick , Kim Sang-We , Goto Yasushi , Lim Sun Min , Mountzios Giannis , Fountzilas Elena , Mochalova Anastasia , Christoph Daniel C. , Bearz Alessandra , Quantin Xavier , Palmero Ramon , Antic Vladan , Chun Elaine , Edubilli Tirupathi Rao , Lin Ya-Chen , Huseni Mahrukh , Ballinger Marcus , Graupner Vilma , Curran Dominic , Vervaet Piet , Newsom-Davis Thomas
Published: March 2024

PURPOSE

Although checkpoint inhibitors have improved first-line treatment for non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a therapeutic need remains for patients whose disease does not respond or who experience disease progression after anti–PD-L1/PD-1 immunotherapy. CONTACT-01 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04471428 ) evaluated atezolizumab plus cabozantinib versus docetaxel in patients with metastatic NSCLC who developed disease progression after concurrent or sequential treatment with anti–PD-L1/PD-1 and platinum-containing chemotherapy.

METHODS

This multicenter, open-label, phase III trial randomly assigned patients 1:1 to atezolizumab 1,200 mg intravenously once every 3 weeks (q3w) plus cabozantinib 40 mg orally once daily or docetaxel 75 mg/m2 intravenously once every 3 weeks. The primary end point was overall survival (OS).

RESULTS

One hundred eighty-six patients were assigned atezolizumab plus cabozantinib, and 180 docetaxel. Minimum OS follow-up was 10.9 months. Median OS was 10.7 months (95% CI, 8.8 to 12.3) with atezolizumab plus cabozantinib and 10.5 months (95% CI, 8.6 to 13.0) with docetaxel (stratified hazard ratio [HR], 0.88 [95% CI, 0.68 to 1.16]; P = .3668). Median progression-free survival was 4.6 months (95% CI, 4.1 to 5.6) and 4.0 months (95% CI, 3.1 to 4.4), respectively (stratified HR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.59 to 0.92]). Serious adverse events (AEs) occurred in 71 (38.4%) patients receiving atezolizumab plus cabozantinib and 58 (34.7%) receiving docetaxel. Grade 3/4 treatment-related AEs occurred in 73 (39.5%) patients receiving atezolizumab plus cabozantinib and 58 (34.7%) receiving docetaxel. Grade 5 AEs occurred in 14 (7.6%) and 10 (6.0%) patients in the atezolizumab plus cabozantinib and docetaxel arms, respectively (treatment-related in four [2.2%] and one [0.6%], respectively).

CONCLUSION

Atezolizumab plus cabozantinib after disease progression following anti–PD-L1/PD-1 immunotherapy and platinum-containing chemotherapy for metastatic NSCLC did not improve OS compared with docetaxel. Safety was consistent with known profiles of these agents.
Financial Frictions, Capital Misallocation, and Input-Output Linkages
Authors: Su Hsuan-Li
Published: March 2024

I study how input-output linkages amplify the aggregate impact of sectoral financial distortions in a dynamic general equilibrium model with endogenous capital wedges. The aggregate impact of a shock can be decomposed into weighted productivity changes and changes in allocative efficiency. A systematic uncertainty shock induces heterogenous responses in sectoral capital wedges, reducing allocative efficiency and aggregate total factor productivity (TFP). However, idiosyncratic sectoral uncertainty shocks may improve allocative efficiency and raise TFP. I then calibrate the model to US data. The network amplification magnitude on aggregate TFP ranges from 1.58 to 1.7. (JEL E22, E23, E25, E32, E44, G20, G30)
Credit Supply Shocks and Prices: Evidence from Danish Firms
Authors: Renkin Tobias , Züllig Gabriel
Published: March 2024

We study the response of firms’ output prices to a cut in credit supply. We combine data on loans between Danish firms and banks with survey-based producer prices and transaction-based export unit values. Exploiting banks’ heterogeneous exposure to the global financial crisis, we show that loans to firms with relationships to exposed banks drop and lending rates increase. In response, firms raise prices by 3–5 percent. This effect is decreasing in the elasticity of firms’ demand but positive for most industrial production. Our results show that firms increase prices to raise cash when external sources of liquidity dry up. (JEL D22, E23, E31, E32, E44, G01, G21)
ΛΟΑΤΚ+ νεανικές κοινωνικότητες και πολιτιστικές πρακτικές στη σύγχρονη Αθήνα
Authors: Παπαδάκου Παναγιώτα
Published: March 2024

Αυτή η εθνογραφική έρευνα μελετά τους τρόπους μέσω των οποίων νεαρά ΛΟΑΤΚ+ υποκείμενα που έχουν γεννηθεί στην Ελλάδα τη δεκαετία του 1990 και διέμεναν στην Αθήνα την περίοδο 2018-2020 συγκροτούν τις υποκειμενικότητες και τις κοινότητές τους κατά τη διάρκεια της ζωής τους. Σκοπός της έρευνας είναι η ανάδειξη τόσο των μηχανισμών πειθάρχησης, στους οποίους υπόκεινται, όσο και των αντιστάσεων και των μετασχηματιστικών πρακτικών, τις οποίες αναπτύσσουν. Ξεκινώντας από τις παιδικές ηλικίες τους έως και τη σημερινή συμμετοχή τους σε πτυχές της αθηναϊκής ΛΟΑΤΚ+ κουλτούρας, στις πορείες τους δίνεται έμφαση στους θεσμούς του σχολείου και της οικογένειας, στη μετάβαση στις ΛΟΑΤΚ+ κοιν(ωνικ)ότητες, τους τρόπους και τους βαθμούς συμμετοχής σε αυτές, καθώς και στις πολιτιστικές πρακτικές μέσω των οποίων (δια)πραγματεύονται ζητήματα ταυτότητας και κοινωνικού ανήκειν. Τα κυριότερα ευρήματα της έρευνας είναι ότι ως ανήλικοι και ανήλικες τα υποκείμενα επιστρατεύουν ένα σύνολο τακτικών (de Certeau), μέσω των οποίων αμφισβητούν και υπονομεύουν τα κυρίαρχα πολιτισμικά συστήματα στα πλαίσια του σχολείου και της οικογένειας, αλλά και την κυρίαρχη πλαισίωση των νεαρών ΛΟΑΤΚ+ ως θυμάτων. Τα ανήλικα ΛΟΑΤΚ+ άτομα (δια)πραγματεύονται την ξενότητά τους υπολογίζοντας τις κινήσεις τους, οργανώνοντας τους ρυθμούς του δικού τους «παράπλευρου μεγαλώματος» (Stockton) διεκδικώντας αναγνώριση, δημιουργούν κοινωνικό ανήκειν και νοηματοδοτούν τις μη κανονιστικές υποκειμενικότητες και επιθυμίες τους μέσω καταναλωτικών πρακτικών. Οι ιστορικά και κοινωνικά εντοπισμένες εμπειρίες τους αποκαλύπτουν ότι η ηλικία και οι ιστορικές εμπειρίες διαφοροποιούν το εσωτερικό των σύγχρονων ΛΟΑΤΚ+ κοιν(ωνικ)οτήτων. Η εξοικείωση με διεθνείς ΛΟΑΤΚ+ αναπαραστάσεις μέσω του διαδικτύου, μέσα από διεθνείς πλατφόρμες, ξένες σειρές, ταινίες και άλλα διεθνή (κυρίως αγγλόφωνα) πολιτιστικά προϊόντα διαφοροποιεί τα νεαρά ΛΟΑΤΚ+ άτομα από την προηγούμενη γενιά, με την οποία οι σχέσεις τους παρουσιάζονται συχνά τεταμένες. Αμφιθυμική φαίνεται να είναι και η σχέση των υποκειμένων με τις «νέες ταυτότητες», αλλά και με παγιωμένες ΛΟΑΤΚ+ ταυτότητες προγενέστερων γενεών, εγείροντας ζητήματα αναδιαπραγμάτευσης των εγκαθιδρυμένων έμφυλων και σεξουαλικών διχοτομιών.Τέλος, ο καλλιτεχνικός ακτιβισμός που αναπτυσσόταν κατά τη διάρκεια της έρευνας στην αυτοοργανωμένη αθηναϊκή κουήρ σκηνή εξετάζεται ως πολιτισμικά μετασχηματιστική δραστηριότητα και γίνεται εφικτός μέσα από συλλογική εργασία και συμμαχίες. Παράγει εφήμερους, μετακινούμενους και «ανεστραμμένους» κόσμους (Μπαχτίν) στο πλαίσιο της πόλης, όπου αμφισβητούνται ο διαχωρισμός παιδικότητας και ενηλικότητας, ο γραμμικός (ανα)παραγωγικός καπιταλιστικός χρόνος (η χρονοκανονικότητα) και λαμβάνουν χώρα συλλογικές πραγματεύσεις αστικού και εθνικού ανήκειν και μη ανήκειν.
Η επιστημονική εικόνα και το μάρκετινγκ της νανοτεχνολογίας
Authors: Μίχος Κωνσταντίνος
Published: March 2024

Η νανοτεχνολογία αποτελεί έναν καινοτόμο τεχνολογικό κλάδο που είναι σε θέση να επιτρέψει στην ανθρωπότητα να αποκτήσει τον έλεγχο της ύλης σε ατομικό επίπεδο. Οι πιθανές εφαρμογές της εκτείνονται από τη δημιουργία νέων υλικών μέχρι την κατασκευή αποτελεσματικότερων φαρμάκων. Ωστόσο, αν και ως επιστήμη μετρά ήδη περισσότερο από μισό αιώνα ζωής, τα προϊόντα νανοτεχνολογίας είτε απουσιάζουν από την αγορά είτε –αν υπάρχουν– αποφεύγεται η αναφορά στη φύση τους. Μάλιστα, είναι ευκολότερο να συναντήσει κανείς αναφορές στη νανοτεχνολογία μέσα σε κείμενα δημοφιλούς κουλτούρας (ιδίως επιστημονικής φαντασίας) παρά απτά επιτεύγματά της. Δημιουργείται, έτσι, ένας εύλογος προβληματισμός σχετικά με τον τρόπο πουλειτουργεί το μάρκετινγκ στο χώρο αυτό. Σκοπός της διατριβής είναι να διερευνηθεί ο τρόπος που λειτουργεί η επικοινωνία στη διαφήμιση της νανοτεχνολογίας. Προκειμένου να επιτευχθεί, διενεργείται βιβλιογραφική ανασκόπηση από όπου προκύπτει πως οι κύριες λειτουργίες της γλώσσας σε κείμενα σχετικά με τη νανοτεχνολογία είναι η αναφορική και η βουλητική. Η διάκριση των δύο επιτρέπει κατ’ αρχάς την πρόταση ενός μοντέλου ταξινόμησης των κειμένων αυτών. Επιπλέον, μελετώντας τα παραδοσιακά μοντέλα μάρκετινγκ και επικοινωνίας, παρατηρείται πως η περίπτωση της νανοτεχνολογίας δεν μπορεί ναπεριγραφεί επαρκώς αποκλειστικά με κάποιο από αυτά. Για το λόγο αυτό συγκεντρώθηκε δείγμα διαφημίσεων από διάφορους φορείς με προϊόντα και υπηρεσίας νανοτεχνολογίας ώστε να εξεταστούν τα σημειωτικά χαρακτηριστικά τους. Πεδίο ιδιαίτερου ενδιαφέροντος αποτελούν οι επιστημονικές εικόνες που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν. Η μελέτη έδειξε πως οι εικόνες χάνουν την αναφορικότητά τους μέσα στο συγκείμενο της διαφήμισης, ωστόσο παρουσιάζονται κατά βάση ως φορείς επιστημονικής αυθεντίας προκειμένου να πείσουν πιθανούς καταναλωτές. Συνολικά, αποτυπώνεται η χρήση μιας στρατηγικής μάρκετινγκ που δημιουργεί τα προϊόντα ταυτόχρονα με τις αγορές στις οποίες απευθύνονται. Εκτιμάται πως η στρατηγική αυτή οφείλεται στις υψηλές δαπάνες έρευνας και ανάπτυξης και πως θα υιοθετηθεί μελλοντικά και από άλλες τεχνολογίες αιχμής.
Η επίδραση της νευρομυϊκής ηλεκτρικής διέγερσης των σκελετικών μυών των κάτω άκρων στους άνδρες και τις γυναίκες με χρόνια καρδιακή ανεπάρκεια
Authors: Μάνδηλα Χριστίνα
Published: March 2024

Εισαγωγή: Η λειτουργική ηλεκτρική διέγερση ή ηλεκτρικός νευρομυïκός ερεθισμός (ΗΝΜΕ) των σκελετικών μυών των κάτω άκρων συνιστά μια ασφαλή και αποδοτική εναλλακτική μέθοδο άσκησης για τους ασθενείς με χρόνια καρδιακή ανεπάρκεια (ΧΚΑ). Καθώς έχει φανεί ότι βελτιώνει την ικανότητα για άσκηση των εν λόγω ασθενών, πραγματοποιήσαμε μια τυχαιοποιημένη ελεγχόμενη μελέτη για να μελετήσουμε τις μακροχρόνιες επιδράσεις στα κλινικά συμβάντα και αν διαφέρουν για τα δύο φύλα. Μέθοδος: 120 ασθενείς, (56,7% άνδρες, μέση ηλικία 71±8 y έτη ), με σταθερή καρδιακή ανεπάρκεια (κατάταξη κατά NYHA (New York Heart Association) II/III (63% / 37%), μέσο κλάσμα εξώθησης: 28±5%), υποβλήθηκαν είτε σε ένα πρόγραμμα καθημερινής άσκησης με ΗΝΜΕ διάρκειας 30 λεπτών για 6 εβδομάδες, είτε σε πλασματική διέγερση (ομάδα μαρτύρων). Οι ασθενείς παρακολουθήθηκαν για ένα διάστημα κατά μέσο όρο 19 μηνών μετά την ολοκλήρωση του προγράμματος των 6 εβδομάδων για την καταγραφή των θανάτων και /ή των νοσηλειών, λόγω απορρύθμισης ΧΚΑ. Αποτελέσματα: Η θνητότητα δεν διέφερε ανάμεσα στις δύο ομάδες (log rank test P=0.680), ενώ το ποσοστό των νοσηλειών, το σχετιζόμενο με την καρδιακή ανεπάρκεια, ήταν σημαντικά μικρότερο στην ομαδα του ΗΝΜΕ (hazard ratio (HR) 0.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.21 – 0.78, P = 0.007). Η διαφορά αυτή παρέμεινε σημαντική και μετά την προσαρμογή για τους προγνωστικούς παράγοντες, όπως η ηλικία, το φύλο, το αρχικό κλάσμα εξώθησης αριστεράς κοιλίας και στάδιο κατά NYHA (HR 0.22, 95% CI 0.10 –0.46, P<0.001). Συγκρινόμενη με την ομάδα της πλασματικής διέγερσης, η ομάδα του ΗΝΜΕ παρουσίασε μείωση ως προς την εμφάνιση του σύνθετου καταληκτικού σημείου (θάνατος ή νοσηλεία για καρδιακή ανεπάρκεια), ακόμα και μετά την προσαρμογή για τους προγνωστικούς παράγοντες που προαναφέρθηκαν (HR 0.21, 95% CI 0.103 – 0.435, P<0.001). Το αποτέλεσμα αυτό προερχόταν κυρίως από την ευνοïκή επίδραση στην συχνότητα των νοσηλειών. Μεταξύ των γυναικών, η ομάδα του ΗΝΜΕ είχε 67% μικρότερο κίνδυνο για την εμφάνιση του σύνθετου καταληκτικού σημείου (HR 0.33, 95% CI 0.13 - 0.83, p=0.02) και 74% μικρότερο κίνδυνο για νοσηλεία (HR 0.26, 95% CI 0.09 - 0.76, p=0.014). Στην ομάδα των ανδρών που υποβλήθηκαν σε ΗΝΜΕ δεν παρατηρήθηκαν ανάλογα αποτελέσματα. Συμπέρασμα: Η εφαρμογή ενος προγράμματος ΗΝΜΕ έξι εβδομάδων μείωσε τον κίνδυνο νοσηλειών σχετιζόμενων με την καρδιακή ανεπάρκεια, χωρίς να επηρεάσει την θνητότητα. Η ευνοïκή επίδραση στη νοσηρότητα ήταν στατιστικά σημαντική μόνο για τις γυναίκες. Πιθανόν η συνολική επίδραση του ΗΝΜΕ στη νοσηρότητα να προέρχεται από τη μείωση της νοσηρότητας στις γυναίκες.
Σχεδιασμός εκπαιδευτικών προγραμμάτων στη μουσειακή αγωγή
Authors: Δαλάρη Αιμιλία
Published: March 2024

Η διαχείριση της πολιτιστικής κληρονομιάς και η ανάδειξη των ιδιαίτερων χαρακτηριστικών μιας κοινωνίας σε συνδυασμό με την αξιοποίηση και την διαμόρφωση συλλογικής συνείδησης από τους πολίτες ενός κράτους προβάλλουν τον καθοριστικό ρόλο που καλείται να παίξει η εκπαίδευση στην διαμόρφωση της πολιτιστικής συνείδησης και της βιώσιμης ανάπτυξης στους/στις μαθητές/τριες. Η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή αποσκοπεί στην διερεύνηση των απόψεων εκπαιδευτικών και μαθητών/τριών πρωτοβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης σχετικά με την επίδραση εναλλακτικών διδακτικών προσεγγίσεων, με έμφαση στη μουσειακή αγωγή, για την καλλιέργεια θετικών στάσεων σε μαθητές/τριες δημοτικών σχολείων, αναφορικά με το μάθημα της Ιστορίας, αξιοποιώντας τα δεδομένα συγκεκριμένης έρευνας. Η έρευνα υιοθέτησε την ποσοτική μέθοδο ενώ ως ερευνητική στρατηγική επιλέχθηκε η αγωγή της υπαίθρου (outdoor education). Η διεξαγωγή της έρευνας πραγματοποιήθηκε σε σχολικές μονάδες του νομού Αιτωλοακαρνανίας κατά το σχολικό έτος 2022-2023. Περαιτέρω στόχοι της διατριβής αποτέλεσαν: α) η διερεύνηση των απόψεων εκπαιδευτικών και μαθητών/τριών πρωτοβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης για την εφαρμογή εκπαιδευτικών προγραμμάτων μουσειακής αγωγής στο πλαίσιο διδασκαλίας του μαθήματος της Ιστορίας, β) η διερεύνηση των απόψεων μαθητών/τριών και εκπαιδευτικών πρωτοβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης για την αξιοποίηση εναλλακτικών διδακτικών προσεγγίσεων στη διδασκαλία του μαθήματος της Ιστορίας, γ) η καταγραφή του επίπεδου που οι εκπαιδευτικοί πρωτοβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης θεωρούν ότι γνωρίζουν πώς να ενσωματώνουν θέματα μουσειακής αγωγής στη διδασκαλία τους, δ) η παρουσίαση των μαθησιακών αποτελεσμάτων σύμφωνα με τους/τις μαθητές/τριες από την εφαρμογή ενός εκπαιδευτικού προγράμματος μουσειακής αγωγής στο πλαίσιο διδασκαλίας του μαθήματος της Ιστορίας στην πρωτοβάθμια εκπαίδευση. Τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας έδειξαν ότι οι εκπαιδευτικοί του δείγματος, θεωρούν πως η μάθηση πρέπει να λαμβάνει χώρα εκτός σχολικής τάξης. Διατυπώνεται επιπλέον άποψη πως θα έπρεπε να υπάρχουν εκπαιδευτικοί τέχνης στα σχολεία στο πλαίσιο της μουσειακής αγωγής ενώ το υψηλό ποσοστό συμφωνίας των δηλώσεων των εκπαιδευτικών σχετικά με τα ζητούμενα που κλήθηκαν να απαντήσουν, έδειξαν ότι οι εκπαιδευτικοί που συμμετείχαν στην έρευνα πιστεύουν ότι η μουσειακή αγωγή καθώς και η αγωγή της υπαίθρου μπορούν να αποτελέσουν κίνητρα ενθάρρυνσης των μαθητών/τριών να αποκτήσουν γνώσεις αναφορικά με το φυσικό περιβάλλον και την Τοπική Ιστορία.
Smartphone dependency latent profile classification and association with emotional and behavioral difficulties among high school students in Korea
Authors: Kim Eunjoo , Song Min Kyung
Published: March 2024

Purpose: The pervasive integration of smartphones into adolescents’ daily lives has resulted in a concerning upsurge in smartphone dependency among high school students. Due to the diverse types and severity levels of smartphone dependency, there is a critical need for research to explore its heterogeneity. This study aimed to identify latent profile of smartphone dependency in high school students based on the four subdomains of smartphone dependency: disturbance of adaptive functions, virtual life orientation, withdrawal, and tolerance. In addition, we explored how emotional and behavioral difficulties differ according to the profiles. Methods: We used data from 2,195 Korean high school students from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey 2018. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was performed to identify smartphone dependency latent profile. Statistical analysis including chi-square test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and ranked Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) confirmed differences in smartphone use characteristics and emotional-behavioral difficulties according to the classified latent profile. Results: LPA identified four distinct latent profiles of smartphone dependency among high school students; 1) Underdependent type, 2) Moderate type, 3) Habitual user type, and 4) Virtual space dependent type. The results of ranked ANCOVA, controlling for gender, geographical location, economic status, parental smartphone dependency, and relational variables, revealed that habitual user type exhibited significantly higher rates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, social withdrawal, and depressive symptoms compared to other types. Conclusion: The identification of these profiles provides a foundation for developing tailored intervention programs for adolescents with different levels and patterns of smartphone dependency.
Beam-Tracking Challenges in THz Communications
Authors: Stratidakis Giorgos , Droulias Sotiris , Alexiou Angeliki
Published: March 2024

In recent years, the demand for high data rates has increased drastically. In response to this increasing demand, higher frequencies, such as millimeter wave (mmWave) and terahertz (THz) have been considered that offer much larger bandwidth and potentially much higher data rates. Nevertheless, with the increase in frequency, the pathloss increases significantly, with the non-line-of-sight (nLoS) incurring attenuation levels that can dramatically reduce the quality of a wireless link. The use of directional antennas to counteract the increased pathloss is widely accepted. However, highly directional beams are prone to misalignment and a method to track the tracking object (TO) of the link with consistency, accuracy and low overhead is needed. To this end, the design of beam-tracking algorithms has been proposed. In this work, the main parameters that affect the reliability of beam-tracking are presented along with the challenges that beam-tracking algorithms need to address. Furthermore, the performance merits with respect to three reliability parameters are presented in the case of a simple beam-tracking algorithm.
Coherence Bandwidth of Rice Channels for Millimeter Wave and Sub-Terahertz Applications
Authors: Mohr Werner
Published: March 2024

6G research in the millimeter wave and sub-Terahertz domain is targeting very wideband systems with significantly higher data throughput than for 5G systems. Multipath propagation under shadowing conditions is affecting radio propagation, where multipath propagation results in frequency-selective fading, which is characterized by the coherence bandwidth and the time variation by the coherence time. In these frequency ranges shadowing can be overcome by additional means in the network deployment such as reflectors, RIS arrays or repeaters, which provide at the receiver a channel impulse response with a strong component (Rice type channel). Coherence bandwidth and coherence time are well-known for Rayleigh channels. However, both parameters for Rice channels versus the Rice factor K′ are not available. This paper is investigating the coherence bandwidth and time for Rice channels based on an approximative approach for the fading statistics. With the proposed correlation criterion, the coherence bandwidth and time tend to infinity from a Rice factor around K′≥4=ˆ6 dB. These relations are provided by approximative functions for K′≥0 starting at the Rayleigh channel.
Online Task-Based Language Learning to Enhance Thai Monks’ Speaking Performance
Authors: Dawilai Sirikanya , Santhi Natthaphon , Wetpichetkosol Bhudthree
Published: March 2024

This research aimed to achieve two main objectives: (1) to assess the learning achievements in online task-based language learning, and (2) to evaluate satisfaction with the utilization of the online task-based language learning model. The study’s population comprised Buddhist monk students from four provinces in Thailand: Chiang Rai, Phrae, Phayao, and Nan. A total of 80 participants took part in a 30-hour English language training program that focused on task-based language teaching (TBLT) implemented through online technology to enhance Thai monks’ speaking performance. Zoom and free online tools such as Pronunciation Checker App were integrated into the TBL learning cycle to deliver this online training. The research process can be summarized four stages consisting of orientation stage, pre-practicing stage, practicing stage, and post-practicing stage.
The comparison of learning outcomes before and after the implementation of the instructional model for monks revealed a significant difference in the average scores. The overall score before training was 38.78 (S.D. = 5.85), while the post-training learning outcomes had a higher average score of 47.34 (S.D. = 4.99). The assessment of satisfaction was divided into four dimensions: (1) content and language usage; (2) English instructional activities for monks; (3) teaching and learning process; and (4) development of English-speaking skills. Overall, participants expressed high levels of satisfaction across all four dimensions of the instructional design approach, with a mean rating of 4.49 and a standard deviation of 0.56.
Pathways to Religious Pluralism in College: A Critical Analysis of Identity, Campus Contexts, and Engagement
Authors: Rockenbach Alyssa N. , Mayhew Matthew J.
Published: March 2024

This study, based on the Interfaith Diversity Experiences and Attitudes Longitudinal Survey (IDEALS), examined pathways to pluralism
orientation among more than 5,700 students who attended 118 U.S. colleges
and universities between 2015 and 2019. Grounded in Critical Religious
Pluralism Theory (CRPT), the analysis elevated the role of identities and contexts in pluralism progression, maintenance, and decline, illuminating
the importance of climate, culture, support, and interfaith engagement in
college students’ pluralism development. Implications are discussed to guide
educators committed to advancing justice, equity, and social change in higher
education and beyond.
All-silicon metalens for broadband achromatic polarization multiplexing in long-wave infrared wavelengths
Authors: Lu Yilin , Chen Ruohui , Hu Chao , Liu Xiaofei , Gan Zhikai , Zhao Xingyan , Qiu Yang , Zheng Shaonan , Zhong Qize , Dong Yuan , Lin Chun , Hu Ting
Published: March 2024

Traditional long-wave infrared polarimetry usually relies on complex optical setups, making it challenging to meet the increasing demand for system miniaturization. To address this problem, we design an all-silicon broadband achromatic polarization-multiplexing metalens (BAPM) operating at the wavelength range of 9–12 µm. A machine-learning-based design method is developed to replace the tedious and computationally intensive simulation of a large number of meta-atoms. The results indicate that the coefficients of variation in focal length of the BAPM are 3.95% and 3.71%, and the average focusing efficiencies are 41.3% and 40.5% under broadband light incidence with x- and y-polarizations, respectively.
Development of a miniature electron-optical device for sounding the upper layers of the atmosphere based on the nanosatellite
Authors: Malygin Dennis , Redka Dmitrii , Dmitrii Shirshov , Egor Kostikov
Published: March 2024

The purpose of the work is the development of an optical system for lidar operating in the volume of an ultra-small spacecraft of the CubeSat standard. The object of observation are areas of thinning of the ozone layer due to increased human exposure, substances that are the product of industrial emissions, such as chlorine and bromine-containing particles that are ozone-depleting.
In the course of this work, the optical scheme of the lidar was developed, in accordance with the properties of ozone, the necessary radiation source was selected with optimal characteristics for interaction with the target, the energy calculation of the satellite systems was performed, and the satellite orbit was selected. The results of the work were obtained under the grant from the Russian Science Foundation and St.Petersburg Science Foundation (agreement № 22-29-20186 and № 03/2022).
Sub-kHz linewidth free-running monolithic cavity VECSEL with 10⁻¹² stability
Authors: Moriya Paulo Hisao , Lee Martin , Hastie Jennifer
Published: March 2024

We report the development of a compact, highly stable, monolithic-cavity, GaInP/AlGaInP-based VECSEL with electronically-tunable emission wavelength centered at 689.4425 nm for neutral strontium (Sr)-based applications. The output power reaches 40 mW (pump-power-limited) with ultra-low frequency and intensity noise performance resulting in a free-running linewidth of 720 Hz, reduced to 390 Hz when frequency locked to a reference cavity, verified via a heterodyne beat note measurement with 2 s averaging time. For shorter averaging times (0.1 ms), the free-running linewidth is as low as 40 Hz. We estimate a Lorentzian, or intrinsic, linewidth of 64 mHz from the frequency noise power spectral density at high frequencies, thus providing further evidence of the ultra-narrow fundamental linewidth of VECSELs. High frequency stability was measured via Allan deviation resulting in 1.05×10⁻¹² at 2 s and 2.11×10⁻¹³ at 7 s averaging times when the 689 nm monolithic cavity VECSEL is free-running and locked, respectively, suitable for neutral Sr-based quantum technologies, such as optical clocks and atom interferometry.
High operating temperature HgCdTe coupled cavity plasmonic infrared photodetectors
Authors: Vallone Marco , Goano Michele , Tibaldi Alberto
Published: March 2024

Increasing the operating temperature while enhancing detectivity is paramount for the advancement of HgCdTe infrared detectors. In this context, the integration of plasmonic nanostructures emerges as one of the most intriguing avenues, promising breakthroughs in infrared sensing capabilities. Multiphysics TCAD simulations of 𝑝𝑖𝑛 nanostructured focal plane photodetector arrays unveil the potential benefits of submicron absorber thicknesses, that promise detectivities more than twice as large as those provided by conventional 5 μm-thick absorbers, besides enabling operating temperatures up to 260K. Such performance increase is discussed through the combination of numerical simulations and quantum mechanical treatment based on the occupation number formalism, describing the interaction between plasmonic and optical cavity modes responsible for the spectral broadening of the optical response, allowing for good coverage of the entire mid-infrared band (λ ∈ [3, 5] μm).
Addressable structured light system using metasurface optics and an individually addressable VCSEL array
Authors: Wu Chenyang , Huang Xuanlun , Ji Yipeng , Cheng Tingyu , Wang Jiaxing , Chi Nan , Yu Shaohua , Chang-Hasnain Connie J.
Published: March 2024

Structured-light (SL) based 3D sensors have been widely used in many fields. Speckle SL is the most widely deployed among all SL sensors due to its light weight, compact size, fast video rate, and low cost. The transmitter (known as the dot projector) consists of a randomly patterned vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) array multiplicated by a diffractive optical element (DOE) with a fixed repeated pattern. Given that the separation of any two speckles is only one known and fixed number (albeit random), there are no other known scales to calibrate or average. Hence, typical SL sensors require extensive in-factory calibrations, and the depth resolution is limited to 1 mm at ∼60  cm distance. In this paper, to the best of our knowledge, we propose a novel dot projector and a new addressable SL (ASL) 3D sensor by using a regularly spaced, individually addressable VCSEL array, multiplicated by a metasurface-DOE (MDOE) into a random pattern of the array. Dynamically turning on or off the VCSELs in the array provides multiple known distances between neighboring speckles, which is used as a “built-in caliper” to achieve higher accuracy of depth. Serving as a precise “vernier caliper,” the addressable VCSEL array enables fine control over speckle positions and high detection precision. We experimentally demonstrated that the proposed method can result in sub-hundred-micron level precision. This new concept opens new possibilities for applications such as 3D computation, facial recognition, and wearable devices.
Picotesla fiberized diamond-based AC magnetometer
Authors: Zhang Shao-Chun , Liu Yong , Shan Long-Kun , Gao Xue-Dong , Geng Jia-Qi , Yu Cui , Dong Yang , Chen Xiang-Dong , Guo Guang-Can , Sun Fang-Wen
Published: March 2024

Portable quantum sensors are crucial for developing practical quantum sensing and metrology applications. Fiberized nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamonds have emerged as one of the most promising candidates for compact quantum sensors. Nevertheless, due to the difficulty of coherently controlling the ensemble spin and noise suppression in a large volume, it often faces problems such as reduced sensitivity and narrowed bandwidth in integrated lensless applications. Here, we propose a fluorescence signal treatment method for NV spin ensemble manipulation by the exponential fitting of spin polarization processes, instead of integrating the photon emission. This enables spin state readout with a high signal-to-noise ratio and applies to the pulse sensing protocols for large-volume NV spins. Based on this, we further developed a fiberized diamond-based AC magnetometer. With an XY8-N dynamical decoupling pulse sequence, we demonstrated a T2-limited sensitivity of 8  pT/Hz and T1-limited frequency resolution of 90 Hz over a wide frequency band from 100 kHz to 3 MHz. This integrated diamond sensor leverages quantum coherence to achieve enhanced sensitivity in detecting AC magnetic fields, making it suitable for implementation in a compact and portable endoscopic sensor.
Assessment of Culicidae collection methods for xenomonitoring lymphatic filariasis in malaria co-infection context in Burkina Faso
Authors: Coulibaly Sanata , Sawadogo Simon P. , Nikièma Achille S. , Hien Aristide S. , Bamogo Rabila , Koala Lassane , Sangaré Ibrahim , Bougma Roland W. , Koudou Benjamin , Fournet Florence , Ouédraogo Georges A. , Dabiré Roch K.
Published: March 2024

Background

Entomological surveillance of lymphatic filariasis and malaria infections play an important role in the decision-making of national programs to control, or eliminate these both diseases. In areas where both diseases prevalence is low, a large number of mosquitoes need to be sampled to determine vectors infection rate. To do this, efficient mosquito collection methods must be used. This study is part in this framework, to assess appropriate mosquito collection methods for lymphatic filariasis xenomonitoring in a coexistence context with malaria in Burkina Faso.

Methodology/Principal findings

Mosquito collections were performed between August and September 2018 in four villages (Koulpissi, Seiga, and Péribgan, Saptan), distributed in East and South-West health regions of Burkina Faso. Different collection methods were used: Human Landing Catches (HLC) executed indoor and outdoor, Window Exit-Trap, Double Net Trap (DNT) and Pyrethrum Spray Catches (PSC). Molecular analyses were performed to identify Anopheles gambiae s.l. sibling species and to detect Wuchereria bancrofti and Plasmodium falciparum infection in Anopheles mosquitoes. A total of 3 322 mosquitoes were collected among this, Anopheles gambiae s.l. was the vector caught in largest proportion (63.82%). An. gambiae s.l. sibling species molecular characterization showed that An. gambiae was the dominant specie in all villages. The Human Landing Catches (indoor and outdoor) collected the highest proportion of mosquitoes (between 61.5% and 82.79%). For the sampling vectors infected to W. bancrofti or P. falciparum, PSC, HLC and Window Exit-Trap were found the most effective collection methods.

Conclusions/Significance

This study revealed that HLC indoor and outdoor remained the most effective collection method. Likewise, the results showed the probability to use Window Exit-Trap and PSC collection methods to sample Anopheles infected.