bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of different energy sources on the performance and blood metabolites of sheep
Authors: Sudarman A , Ananda A , Pangestu R , Khotijah L
Published: July 2023

Energy has an important role in metabolic processes. Dietary energy sources can be in the form of carbohydrates or fat. This study aimed to elaborate the performance and blood metabolites of ewes fed cassava, palm oil or canola oil. Sixteen ewes were divided into four groups of four treatments, namely T1 = 100% grass; T2 = 40% grass + 30% concentrate + 30% cassava; T3 = 40% grass + 50.3% concentrate + 9.7% palm oil; T4 = 40% grass + 50.3% concentrate + 9.7% canola oil. Randomized block design was used and data were analyzed using analysis of variance and any differences were furthered tested by Duncan multiple range test. The results showed that feeding with different energy sources significantly (P<0.05) had a significant effect on feed consumption and digestibility, weight gain, and feed utilization efficiency. The feed consumption of 100% grass ration (T1) was significantly higher than the other treatments. Diet with 30% cassava (T2) had significantly different feed digestibility and performance from the 100% grass and oil treatment. The blood cholesterol content of sheep fed with oil (T3 and T4) was higher than that given 100% grass (T1) and 30% cassava (T2). However, there were no differences among the treatment on blood glucose and protein concentration. It is concluded that the provision of 30% cassava resulted in better sheep performance and lower blood cholesterol levels compared to feeding with an energy source in the form of oil.
Quality Management of Precast concrete technology
Authors: Martin Monisha , Kavinkumar S , Ramkumar R , Suresh Sukirtha
Published: July 2023

The current study presents a comprehensive quality management plan for different stages of the precast concrete technology by adopting an efficient workflow methodology. In this study, the data was collected using the primary sources and through close observation of the existing quality control plans. The aim of the study is to identify the gaps in the existing system and propose an easily-adoptable process-oriented framework to mitigate the issues. The research article includes RACI matrix, swimlanes (for various stages) and recommendations. This workflow provides an algorithm that can be developed further into a software, which allows the business users to automate the process flows. In the future, it can be transcended into mobile applications thus real-time tracking can be accomplished with a reliable quality management system.
Role of façade shades in energy efficiency in commercial buildings
Authors: Agnihotri Shatakshi , Kumar Saurabh , Meenatchisundaram A.
Published: July 2023

Energy consumption and production all over the world is a key contributor to climate change due to resultant emissions of CO2. To meet the national goal of achieving net zero carbon emissions by 2070, the current trends in energy consumption need to be addressed, with the building sector accounting for 40% of the global energy consumption. In India, the heating, cooling and lighting load of commercial buildings has increased from 32% to 46% in the past two decades. Energy demands can sustainably be reduced by means of energy conservation measures, particularly during the building design stage. As demands for new commercial spaces increased in crowded cities, the multi-storeyed glass façade building emerged out and continues to be a popular building design. This paper examines the role of façade shading elements in pulling down the energy demands and harnessing required daylight for lighting comfort. Daylight, energy, solar insolation and glare patterns are analysed in existing building in Noida on the basis of which different shading configurations are proposed by means of computer simulation, using Ecotect, eQUEST software and Radiance tool. Based on the analysis, three cogent designs are discussed and the optimum shade design is identified.
Evaluating the Impact of Transition spaces on the Indoor comfort conditions of a Naturally Ventilated Institution Building
Authors: Manaswini Devi S , Horrison Ebin , Amraotkar Sheetal
Published: July 2023

Transition spaces connect between the interior space and the exterior environment and it acts as an intermediate or a third space. A well-designed transition space acts as a microclimate modifier for the interior spaces. The current study focuses on the role of transition spaces in creating a comfortable thermal environment in classrooms of an educational institute, located in a region with hot humid climate. The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of transition spaces upon the creation of indoor thermal comfort. For this study, the quantitative data was collected through field measurements in terms of air temperature on a typical summer day. Further, the field data was also collected from different orientations and various classrooms within the campus of the institution. Adaptive thermal comfort metrics was used to compare the performance on the built geometry. The spatial distribution of adaptive thermal comfort was simulated using IESVE software. Further, new scenarios were proposed and developed for the built geometry by altering the built parameters like aspect ratio and the depth of the transition space. The indoor thermal comfort performance of the proposed scenarios was compared with the existing conditions so as to establish a relationship between the built parameters and comfort conditions. A significant improvement was evident in the comfort level of indoor spaces, which suggest that the transition spaces optimize the indoor space comfort levels by reducing the indoor temperature by about 0.5°C to 2°C. Thus, the study proves that the changes in the aspect ratio and corridor width significantly impacts the indoor comfort. The current study outcomes can further help the designers to understand that the best efficient transition space has a positive impact upon a healthy learning space.
Assessment of Biodiversity Richness and Carbon Sequestration Potential in Institutional Campus – A Case Study
Authors: Shrimathi P , Chandramathy I , Gnana Rathinam R S
Published: July 2023

Within an increasingly sprawling city, it is almost far-fetched to identify a large patch of potential habitat for urban ecological conservation. In such cases, the institutional campuses become vital areas for such interventions, which can then be harmonized to realize the seemingly unreal idea of urban forest development. These institutional ecological patches remain a home to a number of species. Thus, it retains the urban biodiversity amidst the anthropogenic urban activities. The campus of Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai, is one such institutional urban forest that sprawls across 143 acres of land, surrounded by the Thiruparankundram hills and the lake which support the species’ richness and their composition. This urban forest is considered for investigation in current study. The researchers followed the non-destructive sampling mapping technique and used a measuring tape to conduct the biodiversity assessment of trees and animal species. Further, the authenticity of the biological taxonomy was also validated using an open-source application, ‘Plant Net’. The results found that this urban forest harbours a total of 40 different species of trees, with Azadirachta indica being the dominant tree species, followed by Saraca asoca, the co-dominant. The total carbon sequestered by this urban forest was then calculated using the formula W= (AGB+BGB) *0.5*3.6663. The results suggest the implementation of appropriate management strategies by providing a diverse set of essential plant databases for the institutional campuses, which in turn can benefit the management of urban ecosystems. The study emphasizes the importance of diverse species in providing ecological services such as biodiversity conservation, improved air quality, and micro-climate regulation, thus escalating the institutional urban forests to contribute towards a harmonious urban ecological development.
Rejuvenation of Traditional Water Harvesting System in the Drought Prone Region of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Nandhini G , Shanmuga Priya G
Published: July 2023

Water is vital for all forms of life on earth. So, its efficient usage and management are crucial for the survival of human beings, particularly in regions like Tamil Nadu that depend on monsoons, as it is a major source of water. Recognizing the importance of monsoon, water harvesting systems were developed centuries ago, in this region. Such type of traditional water harvesting and management system is known as ‘Eri system’. However, in the past two decades, various regions of the state experience extreme floods from monsoon rainfall and face severe drought during the summer. This may be attributed to different factors such as the urbanization, land use change, improper management and neglect of the Traditional Water Harvesting Systems (TWHS). Therefore, the aim of the current research study is to assess the potentials for the revival of TWHS in the urbanized regions of Tamil Nadu and to develop guidelines for their rejuvenation by identifying the components of TWHS in a selected watershed and analyze its transformation and the extent of its deterioration. At first, to identify the study area, land use change was analyzed in a selected watershed in Cheyyar River Basin, Tamil Nadu. The most urbanized area within the watershed i.e., Polur was selected for detailed study. The analysis outcomes revealed that the study area has water bodies with different levels of degradation. Further, the study also compared two water bodies with different levels of deterioration based on a few parameters such as the physical features, landscape elements and community engagement to develop the guidelines. The study results confirm that the TWHS can be revived in the urbanizing regions of Tamil Nadu based on context-specific development guidelines and strategies.
The spatial vision of place identity elements along the highways: A procedural approach
Authors: Ophylia Vinodhini G , Godwin Emmanuel J
Published: July 2023

Placelessness and the loss of a place’s identity, along the travel corridors, can generate a few problems like fatigue in driving, difficulties in wayfinding and limit the people from exploring new places and architectural buildings. The sense of a place’s familiarity and the similarity of views along the roadways are often overlooked, which result in the development of monotonous mundane highways, leading to the loss of place identity. There is an imperative need to understand the place identity elements along the roads and enhance them so as to improve the activity encounters, comprehensive awareness, and orientation along the travel sequences. Spatial identity elements help the travellers to sit, look, relax or entertain themselves which enhances the identity of a place along with the travel experience. Spatial vision is vital to notice the places that pass by with elements along the travel. The logical positioning of locating the identities attracts a clear visibility. A comprehensive viewshed, with an appropriate angle of vision, adds to the sense of identity and creates the place memory. The current research paper provides a method to understand the importance of locating a building along a highway with proper orientation. The research focuses on checking the visibility of buildings and studying them for the right location so as to enhance the place-identity quality for a better perception and visibility of the travellers in their moving corridors. In this background, the ISOVIST measures are appropriate design and study tools to calculate the visibility viewsheds and angles of the place identity elements. The evaluation of the elements’ visibility is performed using Depthmap X 0.70 (designed by UCL), a simulation tool with nine options of designing a restaurant, as a place identity element along a highway, at the entrance of an educational institution. In this study, a total of 144 maps was generated with 16 maps for each option for nine options of location and orientation. The research concludes with methods and recommendations at an eye level of the traveller along the highway for an innovative and procedural approach to measure and assess the location and visibility of place identity elements along the highway.
Water accessibility and inequalities in the hill town Kalimpong (W.B)
Authors: Kumar Piyush
Published: July 2023

‘Water is life’ and it is a unique natural resource compared to all other sources, available on earth (Nations, no date). Water is the most important and an essential natural resource available to mankind. With ever-growing population, water scarcity has become a threat to the organizational process of urban areas. Due to urbanization and migration, the local bodies are unable to provide the basic amenities and facilities that should be provided by a city’s administration to the increasing urban population. Every land-use decision and practice impact the water footprint and changes in land use can either reduce or increase the quality and quantity of the surface and sub-surface water resources. This study focuses on Kalimpong, a Himalayan city, to investigate the water concerning space, the existing situation regarding the water supply and the cost of being connected to water supply, customer’s capacity to pay for water supplies, water accessibility for the consumers to become get connected, water availability after connection, and the seasonal effects on water availability that result in inequalities. The data collected from the stakeholders was analysed to estimate the problems and issues in the case study area. The demand for water at Kalimpong municipality, is shooting up as the population is increasing. Water resource management is a comprehensive activity that involves planning, development, distribution, and the management of optimum utilization of water resources. It is a sub-set of water cycle management. Ideally, the water resource management planning processes are concerned with all the competing demands for water and seek to the allocate water on an equitable basis to meet the demands of the users. In comparison with rest of the resources’ management, this is rarely possible in practice. The current study provides recommendation and future strategies to be incorporated upon the traditional water sources in the main water supply system. Moreover, spring rejuvenation through rainwater harvesting can add up to water security in this region. So, there is an urgent requirement to look upon in this situation. Maintaining the existing water supply systems and the augmentation of 90 springs so as to divert the water towards the main water supply system for Kalimpong will increase the efficiency of the water supply system, at a low cost. The existing water supply system was led by the British, which needs to be re-evaluated and revamped since it may not be sufficient for to meet the current and the future population demands.
Preface III International scientific and practical conference “Ensuring sustainable development in the context of agriculture, energy, ecology and earth science” (ESDCA-III-2023)
Authors: Hushvakhtzoda Koboldjon , Rybchenko Tatiana , Romanova Iraida , Gibadullin Arthur
Published: July 2023

Within the framework of the presented material, the results of the conducted III International scientific and practical conference “Ensuring sustainable development in the context of agriculture, energy, ecology and earth science” (ESDCA-III-2023).
Influence of soil tillage minimization on the density of southern chernozem in conditions of the dry steppe of the Southern Urals
Authors: Fedyunin S A , Khalin A V , Nesterenko Yu M , Yu Nesterenko M , Grintsov D A
Published: July 2023

Article presents the results of studies on the effect of minimizing the main tillage on the bulk density of southern chernozem in the conditions of the dry steppe of the Southern Urals. Influence of the system of annual shallow tillage (Mini-till) and direct sowing technologies (No-till) on the density of the root layer and the general porosity of the soil during the cultivation of spring wheat was studied. It was revealed that the absence of soil loosening for several years leads to its compaction above the optimal values for most grain crops. The condition for the application of No-till technology has been determined - the formation of a layer of plant mlch, which loosens the top layer of soil to a depth of up to 15 cm and excludes its overcompaction. Absence of the influence of fine tillage on the density of the root layer of the soil was revealed, its role in the fight against weeds and the creation of technological conditions for sowing was confirmed. The compaction limit of the southern chernozem and its equilibrium density in the 15-40 cm horizon were determined.
Full utilization of coal-fired power plant ash and slag waste components
Authors: Delitsyn L , Kulumbegov R , Popel O , Kosivtsov Yu , Sulman M
Published: July 2023

Ash and slag waste are a major source of raw materials for various industries. In this work, we studied the possibility of the fractionation of coal-fired power plant ash and slag waste. The fractionation was carried out by the flotation to separate the aluminosilicate and carbon concentrate. The magnetic separation was used for isolation of iron oxide. The composition of the ash and slag as well as the fractions obtained was studied. Moreover, the morphology of the concentrate was investigated.
Survival rate as a parameter of sustainability of the honey bee population and bee colonies
Authors: Mishin I N , Mishina E
Published: July 2023

The results of studying the number of honey bees in colonies and the results determining and the evaluation the age-stage specific survival rates of bee colonies have been presented. The survival rate depends on the egg-laying of the queen bee, the period of the season, the level of development of bee colonies and reaches a minimum in all colonies in the period after the main honey collection S = 0.3-0.5. In the spring and autumn periods, there is a high negative correlation dependence (r=−0.7÷(−0.9), between the egg-laying of the queen bee (number of brood) and survival. The average survival rate in the spring and summer periods for strong families is 20-30% lower than in weak and medium families. The values of the survival rate in the spring and autumn periods for all types of bee colonies are more than one. This result is typical for bee colonies and is associated with the presence of wintering bees with a high life expectancy (up to 9 months) in colonies. A decrease in the survival rate in the period after the main honey flow to S<0.5-0.6 may be one of the factors in the colony collapse disorder (CCD) due to a violation of the gene expression mechanism in bees during the transition from hive activity to forager or to the autumn-winter period. A high survival rate determines the sustainability of the honey bee population, increasing the survival rate to one allows you to manage the vital activity of bee colonies, reduce the impact of various adverse factors on bees, reduce the risk of CCD, and manage the population of honey bees in ecosystems.
Comparative characteristics of the microbiological composition of soils of the K.A. Timiryazev Garden of the Lipetsk region
Authors: Sotnikova E B , Morgacheva N V
Published: July 2023

The work is devoted to a comparative analysis of the quantitative and qualitative microbiological composition of soils on the territory of the former Timiryazev gardens in the Dolgorukovsky district of the Lipetsk region. The samples were taken from sites where old apple trees and recultivated soils grow, differing in their properties and composition of microorganisms. The article presents the results of identification of such groups of microorganisms as ammonifying bacteria (total microbial number), microscopic fungi, actinomycetes, nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, cellulolytics.
Forest of cylindrical obstacles slows avalanche flow
Authors: Dumé Isabelle
Published: July 2023

The flow rate of avalanches can be reduced by up to two-thirds by covering vulnerable slopes with trees planted every 3 m, according to researchers in France.
Japanese private craft crash lands on Moon
Authors: Banks Michael
Published: July 2023

The Japanese firm ispace has announced that its Hakuto-R Mission 1 craft has failed in its attempt to land on the Moon.
US fusion firms welcome lenient regulation
Authors: Gwynne Peter
Published: July 2023

The US has announced that it will apply regulations used for particle accelerators when overseeing future commercial fusion technology, rather than implement the stricter regime currently used for nuclear fission plants.
Entangling physics and ballet
Authors: Hiscott Laura
Published: July 2023

Merritt Moore has forged a unique career path as both a quantum physicist and professional ballet dancer. She talks to Laura Hiscott about the parallels between science and art, dancing with robots, and the importance of play in research.
Enzymatic synthesis of β-d-fructofuranosyl α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-d-glucopyranoside using Escherichia coli glycoside phosphorylase YcjT
Authors: Isono Naoto , Yagura Shuichiro , Yamanaka Kanon , Masuda Yukino , Mukai Kazuki , Katsuzaki Hirotaka
Published: July 2023

YcjT is a kojibiose phosphorylase found in Escherichia coli. We found that sucrose was a good acceptor of YcjT in reverse phosphorolysis using β-d-glucose 1-phosphate as a donor. The product was identified as β-d-fructofuranosyl α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-d-glucopyranoside. This sugar was also synthesized from sucrose and maltose using YcjT and maltose phosphorylase and promoted the growth of the probiotic Bifidobacterium breve.
Chronic Diarrhea Caused by a Klebsiella oxytoca Toxin Producer Strain Following Antibiotic-Associated Hemorrhagic Colitis: Successful Treatment by Fecal Microbiota Transplant
Authors: Granger Marie-Félixe , Kelly Mirabelle , Fortier Louis-Charles , Fournier Eric , Côté-Gravel Julie , Malouin François , Valiquette Louis , Lévesque Simon
Published: July 2023

Klebsiella oxytoca is a gram-negative bacterium found in fecal microbiota and known to cause several infections in humans, including antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis. We present here a case of colitis caused by K. oxytoca toxin-producing strains that evolved in chronic diarrhea successfully treated by fecal microbiota transplant.
Morphological Awareness and DHH Students’ Reading-Related Abilities: A Meta-Analysis of Correlations
Authors: Zhang Dongbo , Ke Sihui , Anglin-Jaffe Hannah , Yang Junhui
Published: July 2023

This article presents the first meta-analysis on correlations of morphological awareness (MA) with reading-related abilities in deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) students (k = 14, N = 556). The results showed high mean correlations of MA with all three reading-related abilities: rs = 0.610, 0.712, and 0.669 (all ps < 0.001), respectively, for word reading, vocabulary knowledge, and reading comprehension. A set of moderator analysis was conducted of language, DHH students’ age/reading stage and degree of hearing loss, and task type. The correlation of MA with word reading was significantly stronger in alphabetic than in non-alphabetic languages, and for fluency than accuracy; for vocabulary knowledge, the correlation was significantly stronger for production MA tasks than for judgment tasks; for reading comprehension, derivational MA tasks showed a stronger correlation than those having a mixed focus on inflection and derivation. While no other moderator effects were significant, the correlations for subsets of effect sizes were largely high for a moderator. These findings reaffirmed the importance of morphology in DHH students’ reading development. The present synthesis, while evidencing major development of research on the metalinguistic underpinnings of reading in DHH students, also showed that the literature on MA is still very limited.
Feasibility, Acceptability, and Preliminary Efficacy of Acceptance Commitment Therapy for Adults Living With Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Distress
Authors: Romano Daniel , Chesterman Susan , Fuller-Tyszkiewicz Matthew , Evans Subhadra , Dober Madeleine , Gearry Richard , Gibson Peter R , Knowles Simon , McCombie Andrew , O Eric , Olive Lisa , Raven Leanne , Van Niekerk Leesa , Mikocka-Walus Antonina
Published: July 2023

Background

The bidirectional relationship between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) flare-ups and depression/anxiety symptoms has prompted investigations into psychotherapy to improve health-related quality of life (HRQoL) by targeting depression and anxiety. Acceptance commitment therapy (ACT) is effective in improving symptoms of depression and anxiety in people with chronic diseases, yet minimal research has examined ACT’s effectiveness for IBD. This study examines the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of the ACTforIBD program, an online program codesigned with consumers to deliver ACT to those with IBD.

Methods

Adults with IBD and symptoms of mild-moderate distress were randomized to ACTforIBD or an active control (psychoeducation) condition. Participants completed 8 weekly, 1-hour sessions, 4 of which were therapist facilitated. Feasibility was based on recruitment and retention and acceptability was derived from postprogram satisfaction measures. Preliminary efficacy was determined by group differences in rate of change in study outcomes from baseline to postprogram.

Results

Of 62 participants (89% women, 11% men; mean age  33 years), 55 completed the program (ACTforIBD: n = 26 [83.9%]; active control: n = 29 [93.5%]). Adherence and acceptability were high in the ACTforIBD group, with 80% of participants completing all self-directed modules and 78% of participants expressing satisfaction with the program. Significant and marginally significant group × time interactions were found for anxiety symptoms (b = -1.89; 95% confidence interval, -3.38 to -0.42) and psychological HRQoL (b = -0.04; 95% confidence interval, -0.07 to 0.01), showing decreased anxiety and increased psychological HRQoL in the intervention group.

Conclusions

ACTforIBD is feasible, acceptable, and improved anxiety symptoms, and psychological HRQoL. This highlights the need for a full-scale randomized controlled trial to further examine the program’s efficacy.
Improving the design of patient-generated health data visualizations: design considerations from a Fitbit sleep study
Authors: Tsai Ching-Tzu , Rajput Gargi , Gao Andy , Wu Yue , Wu Danny T Y
Published: July 2023

Interactive data visualization can be a viable way to discover patterns in patient-generated health data and enable health behavior changes. However, very few studies have investigated the design and usability of such data visualization. The present study aimed to (1) explore user experiences with sleep data visualizations in the Fitbit app, and (2) focus on end users’ perspectives to identify areas of improvement and potential solutions. The study recruited eighteen pre-medicine college students, who wore Fitbit watches for a two-week sleep data collection period and participated in an exit semi-structured interview to share their experience. A focus group was conducted subsequently to ideate potential solutions. The qualitative analysis identified six pain points (PPs) from the interview data using affinity mapping. Four design solutions were proposed by the focus group to address these PPs and illustrated by a set of mock-ups. The study findings informed four design considerations: (1) usability, (2) transparency and explainability, (3) understandability and actionability, and (4) individualized benchmarking. Further research is needed to examine the design guidelines and best practices of sleep data visualization, to create well-designed visualizations for the general population that enables health behavior changes.
Food-sensitized pediatric patients show colonic cow's milk protein–specific Th2 cells
Authors: Canziani Karina E , Ruiz María Carolina , Candia Martín R , Ilid Manuela , Feregotti Emanuel , Curciarello Renata , Álvarez María Cecilia , Guzmán Luciana , Bernedo Viviana , García Marcela , Bohle Barbara , Docena Guillermo Horacio , Muglia Cecilia Isabel
Published: July 2023

Food allergies have become a health concern worldwide. Around 6% to 10% of children are allergic to cow's milk proteins. We have previously characterized colorectal polyps in patients sensitized to food allergens. These polyps are classified as inflammatory and present a type 2 environment, with elevated interleukin (IL)-13 and IL-4, and are a site of immunoglobulin E synthesis. In this study, we characterized and isolated cow's milk protein–specific T cell lines and T cell clones from the lamina propria of polyps from patients sensitized to these proteins. Isolated T cells responded to cow's milk proteins similarly to peripheral blood T cells, showing antigen-specific cell proliferation and Th2 cytokines release in vitro. T cell clones obtained were all CD4+ T cells and expressed the membrane TCRαβ receptor and secreted higher IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 amounts than unstimulated cells, whereas interferon γ secretion remained unchanged. Remarkably, the gut homing chemokine receptor CCR9 was augmented in cow’s milk–specific peripheral and lamina propria T cells, and CCL25 was found to be expressed in the inflammatory polyp tissue and not in the adjacent mucosa. In conclusion, we isolated and characterized cow’s milk–specific lamina propria CD4+ Th2 cells from colonic inflammatory polyps. CCR9 expression on these cells, along with increase secretion of CCL25 in the polyp, favors recruitment and cow's milk–specific allergic response within the inflammatory polyp tissue. Our findings may be critical to understand the underlying mechanism that promotes immunoglobulin E synthesis in the colon of cow's milk proteins allergic patients, contributing to the development of novel T cell–targeted immunotherapies.
Multi-scale analysis provides insights into the roles of ureide permeases in wheat nitrogen use efficiency
Authors: Meng Xiaodan , Zhang Zhiyong , Wang Huali , Nai Furong , Wei Yihao , Li Yongchun , Wang Xiaochun , Ma Xinming , Tegeder Mechthild
Published: July 2023

The ureides allantoin and allantoate serve as nitrogen (N) transport compounds in plants, and more recently, allantoin has been shown to play a role in signaling. In planta, tissue ureide levels are controlled by the activity of enzymes of the purine degradation pathway and by ureide transporters called ureide permeases (UPS). Little is known about the physiological function of UPS proteins in crop plants, and especially in monocotyledon species. Here, we identified 13 TaUPS genes in the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genome. Phylogenetic and genome location analyses revealed a close relationship of wheat UPSs to orthologues in other grasses and a division into TaUPS1, TaUPS2.1, and TaUPS2.2 groups, each consisting of three homeologs, with a total of four tandem duplications. Expression, localization, and biochemical analyses resolved spatio-temporal expression patterns of TaUPS genes, transporter localization at the plasma membrane, and a role for TaUPS2.1 proteins in cellular import of ureides and phloem and seed loading. In addition, positive correlations between TaUPS1 and TaUPS2.1 transcripts and ureide levels were found. Together the data support that TaUPSs function in regulating ureide pools at source and sink, along with source-to-sink transport. Moreover, comparative studies between wheat cultivars grown at low and high N strengthened a role for TaUPS1 and TaUPS2.1 transporters in efficient N use and in controlling primary metabolism. Co-expression, protein–protein interaction, and haplotype analyses further support TaUPS involvement in N partitioning, N use efficiency, and domestication. Overall, this work provides a new understanding on UPS transporters in grasses as well as insights for breeding resilient wheat varieties with improved N use efficiency.
Photorespiration: regulation and new insights on the potential role of persulfidation
Authors: Aroca Angeles , García-Díaz Inmaculada , García-Calderón Margarita , Gotor Cecilia , Márquez Antonio J , Betti Marco
Published: July 2023

Photorespiration has been considered a ‘futile’ cycle in C3 plants, necessary to detoxify and recycle the metabolites generated by the oxygenating activity of Rubisco. However, several reports indicate that this metabolic route plays a fundamental role in plant metabolism and constitutes a very interesting research topic. Many open questions still remain with regard to photorespiration. One of these questions is how the photorespiratory process is regulated in plants and what factors contribute to this regulation. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the regulation of the photorespiratory pathway with a special focus on the transcriptional and post-translational regulation of photorespiration and the interconnections of this process with nitrogen and sulfur metabolism. Recent findings on sulfide signaling and protein persulfidation are also described.
Blood usage and wastage at an academic teaching hospital before the initial wave of COVID-19 and during and after its quarantine periods
Authors: Nguyen Amber , Burnett-Greenup Sarah , Riddle Diana , Enderle Janet , Carman Carol , Rajendran Rajkumar
Published: July 2023

Background

Transfusion services aim to maintain sufficient blood inventory to support patients, even with challenges introduced by COVID-19.

Objectives

To review blood usage and wastage before, during, and after COVID-19 surges, and to evaluate effects on inventory.

Methods

In a retrospective review, we evaluated the association between time periods corresponding to the initial wave of COVID-19 (pre–COVID-19, quarantine, and postquarantine) and blood usage/wastage. Data were stratified by period, and χ2 testing was used to examine the association between these time periods and blood usage/wastage.

Results

In the period before COVID-19, the transfusion service used more units, and in the period after quarantine, more units went to waste. Across all time periods, the most-used product was RBCs, and the most wasted product was plasma. A statistically significant association existed between usage (χ2 [6/3209 (0.2%)]) = 24.534; P ≤.001; Cramer V = 0.62), wastage (χ2 [6/775 (0.8%)]) = 21.673; P = .001; Cramer V = 0.118), and time period. The postquarantine period displayed the highest wastage costs ($51,032.35), compared with the pre–COVID-19 period ($29,734.45).

Conclusion

Changes in blood inventory use and waste are significantly associated with the onset and continuation of COVID-19.
Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction to measure heteroplasmic m.3243A>G mitochondrial mutations
Authors: Matsumoto Shinya , Uchiumi Takeshi , Noda Nozomi , Ueyanagi Yasushi , Hotta Taeko , Kang Dongchon
Published: July 2023

Objective

Different mitochondrial DNA genotypes can coexist in a cell population as well as in a single cell, a condition known as heteroplasmy. Here, we accurately determined the heteroplasmy levels of the m.3243A>G mutation, which is the most frequently identified mutation in patients with mitochondrial diseases, using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR).

Methods

The m.3243A>G heteroplasmy levels in artificial heteroplasmy controls mixed with various proportions of wild-type and mutant plasmids were measured using ddPCR, PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism, and Sanger sequencing. The m.3243A>G heteroplasmy levels in DNA, extracted from the peripheral blood of patients with suspected mitochondrial disease and healthy subjects, were determined using ddPCR.

Results

The accuracy of the ddPCR method was high. The lower limit of detection was 0.1%, which indicated its higher sensitivity compared with other methods. The m.3243A>G heteroplasmy levels in peripheral blood, measured using ddPCR, correlated inversely with age at the time of analysis. The m.3243A>G mutation may be overlooked in the peripheral blood-derived DNA of elderly people, as patients >60 years of age have heteroplasmy levels <10%, which is difficult to detect using methods other than the highly sensitive ddPCR.

Conclusion

ddPCR may be considered an accurate and sensitive method for measuring m.3243 A>G heteroplasmy levels of mitochondrial DNA.
What’s next after carbon accounting? Emissions liability management
Authors: Roston Marc , Seiger Alicia , Heller Thomas
Published: July 2023

We propose a method to internalize the externality of greenhouse gas emissions built on the foundation of greenhouse gas emissions accounting, whereby firms match long-duration emissions liabilities with duration-matched removal assets. This method drives a simple decision rule: only emit greenhouse gases if the value created exceeds the cost of reversing the emissions. This approach will drive capital allocation to enhance at-risk natural capital, expand investment in technology-based carbon dioxide removals and reductions, rationalize fraught carbon markets and provide auditable and transparent net zero claims and guidance for transition pathways.
How to Detect and Influence Looking Up Answers to Political Knowledge Questions in Web Surveys
Authors: Gummer Tobias , Kunz Tanja , Rettig Tobias , Höhne Jan Karem
Published: July 2023

When answering political knowledge questions in web surveys, respondents can look up the correct answer on the Internet. This response behavior artificially inflates political knowledge scores that are supposed to measure fact-based information. In the present study, we address the existing knowledge gaps of previous research regarding looking up answers to political knowledge questions in web surveys. We conducted an experimental study based on the German Internet Panel, a large-scale population survey that uses a probability-based sample. Based on this experiment, we show that instructions help to reduce the number of lookups to knowledge questions in web surveys. We provide further evidence that looking up answers results in more correct answers to knowledge questions and, thus, in inflated political knowledge scores. Finally, our findings illustrate the challenges and benefits of using self-reported or paradata-based lookup measures as well as a combined measure that aims at utilizing both to detect lookups to political knowledge questions in web surveys.
Young women who sell sex in Bangui, Central African Republic: a neglected group highly vulnerable to HIV
Authors: Longo Jean de Dieu , Woromogo Sylvain Honoré , Diemer Henri Saint-Calvaire , Tekpa Gaspard , Nambei Wilfrid Sylvain , Grésenguet Gérard
Published: July 2023

Background

The objectives of this study were to determine the association between the vulnerability factors linked to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted infection among the young women who sell sex (YWSS) group (15–24 years) and adult sex workers, engaged in consensual sex for money (AFSW).

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among AFSW involved in commercial sex transactions. Prevalence ratios (PR) analysis was carried out using log-binomial regression model.

Results

The prevalence of HIV-1 was 29.4% among YWSS compared to 19.6% among female sex worker (PR = 1.43 [1.07–1.91]). Consistent condoms use last 3 months were very low at 22.3% and 41.2%, respectively (PR = 0.52 [0.37–0.74]), the low education level among YWSS versus AFSW (PR = 0.55 [0.40–0.76]); YWSS having been a victim of sexual violence in the last 12 months (PR = 2.00 [1.52–2.63]), were also more likely to be HIV positive.

Conclusions

The YWSS had a high prevalence of HIV, experienced other socioeconomic vulnerabilities and remain a key population for comprehensive HIV programs. To reach all YWSS, programs need to consider many outreach programs and address the shared determinants of HIV risk.
Synovial and serum B cell signature of autoantibody-negative rheumatoid arthritis vs autoantibody-positive rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis
Authors: De Stefano Ludovico , Bugatti Serena , Mazzucchelli Iolanda , Rossi Silvia , Xoxi Blerina , Bozzalla Cassione Emanuele , Luvaro Terenzj , Montecucco Carlomaurizio , Manzo Antonio
Published: July 2023

Objectives

Autoantibody-negative RA differs from autoantibody-positive RA in several clinical aspects, possibly underpinned by pathogenetic differences. At present, the role of adaptive immune responses in autoantibody-negative RA remains unclear. Here, we investigated the synovial and serum immunophenotype indicative of B lymphocyte involvement across the spectrum of autoantibody-positive and -negative chronic arthritides.

Methods

Ultrasound-guided synovial biopsies were retrieved from 131 patients: 43 autoantibody-positive RA, 35 autoantibody-negative RA, 25 polyarticular PsA and 28 oligoarticular PsA. Samples were analysed for the degree of histological inflammation, B lymphocyte infiltration and the distribution of different pathotypes (lympho-myeloid, myeloid, pauci-immune). Serum levels of the B cell chemoattractant CXCL13 were compared among groups.

Results

Synovitis scores and CD68+ sublining macrophage infiltration were comparable irrespective of clinical diagnosis and disease subtype. In contrast, the degree of B lymphocyte infiltration and the frequency of lympho-myeloid synovitis in autoantibody-negative RA were lower than those of autoantibody-positive RA (mean [s.d.] 1.8 [1] vs 2.4 [0.6], P = 0.03, and 38.2% vs 62.9%, P = 0.07, respectively), and similar to polyarticular PsA. Oligoarticular PsA had the lowest B cell scores. Serum CXCL13 was associated with lympho-myeloid synovitis and followed a similar gradient, with the highest levels in autoantibody-positive RA, intermediate and comparable levels in autoantibody-negative RA and polyarticular PsA, and low levels in oligoarticular PsA.

Conclusions

The synovial and serum immunophenotype indicative of B lymphocyte involvement in autoantibody-negative RA differs from that of autoantibody-positive RA and more closely resembles that observed in polyarticular PsA. The pathobiological stratification of chronic inflammatory arthritides beyond clinical diagnosis may fuel personalized treatment strategies.
Amputation and Immediate Total Ear Reconstruction for a Large Arteriovenous Malformation
Authors: Samaha Yasmina , Pray Caitlin , Itamura Kyohei , Chaves Natalia , Reinisch John
Published: July 2023

Due to the relative paucity of cases, there are no well-founded protocols for the management of large auricular arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) that are based on a significant number of cases. Recommendations in the literature generally separate resection of the malformation from a later reconstruction of the ear to allow for a period of disease-free status to minimize the risk of recurrence. This interval between resection and reconstruction can be cosmetically challenging for working adult patients. As auricular AVMs are often localized to the external ear, amputation is likely curative, and reconstruction should be considered at the time of resection. We present an adult male patient with a markedly enlarged left external ear secondary to a congenital AVM. The AVM was managed by auricular amputation without prior embolization. Immediate ear reconstruction was then performed using a porous polyethylene implant covered with an ipsilateral temporoparietal fascia flap. The flap was supplied by the superficial temporal artery. After 3 years, the patient has a cosmetically acceptable ear, with no signs of recurrence of the vascular malformation.
Autologous Ear Reconstruction and 3D Printing, an Innovative Hybrid Surgical-engineering Reconstructive Approach for Custom-made Ear Models: Our Experience
Authors: Gigola Francesca , Carletti Virginia , Pezzella Michele , Martin Alessandra , Lo Piccolo Roberto , Mussi Elisa , Servi Michaela , Volpe Yary , Morabito Antonino , Facchini Flavio
Published: July 2023

Background:

Microtia is a congenital anomaly of the ear. We present an innovative technique using a 3D personalized framework that could simplify and standardize the sculpting phase, thanks to reverse engineering and additive manufacturing techniques.

Methods:

Three-dimensional models were realized by T3Ddy, a joint laboratory between the department of industrial engineering and Meyer Children’s Hospital. Data were obtained retrospectively and included patient demographics, primary diagnosis, side of the affected ear, microtia classification, surgical time, length of hospitalization, type of skin approach and framework, complications, aesthetic results, and level of satisfaction using specific questionnaires. Data are reported as median and IQR.

Results:

A total of 17 children (female gender: four) underwent auricular reconstruction surgery with autologous cartilage in our center, between 2019 and 2022. Median age at surgery was 14 years [interquartile range (IQR), 13–17], and the median hospitalization length was 5 days (IQR, 3–5). Median surgical time was 420 minutes (IQR, 406–452). Complications occurred in four patients out of 19 procedures, with a complication rate of 21%. Aesthetic results were satisfactory in all cases.

Conclusions:

The three-dimensional models allow for an intuitive and precise approach. Having developed specific models for each component of the framework, we aimed to improve the aesthetic result and simplify the surgical intervention, guaranteeing a standardized yet personalized experience for each patient. The interprofessional partnership is fundamental to achieving this result.
Brain natriuretic peptide as a clinical screening tool for the diagnosis of Kawasaki disease
Authors: Jung Jae Ho , Hwang Soyun , Jung Jae Yun , Park Joong Wan , Lee Eui Jun , Lee Ha Ni , Kim Jin Hee , Kim Do Kyun , Kwak Young Ho
Published: July 2023

N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) has been studied as a diagnostic screening tool for Kawasaki disease (KD). However, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) has been less studied while has less variability among age groups. We aimed to find out if BNP can be used as a diagnostic screening tool for KD in Korea. This was a retrospective cohort study performed in a single pediatric emergency department. Patients younger than 19 years of age who presented with fever and underwent BNP examination for suspected KD was included. The primary outcome was the diagnostic performance of BNP for KD, and the secondary outcome was the diagnostic performance of BNP for coronary artery aneurysm (CAA). We also derived a scoring system for predicting KD and CAA. Of the 778 patients who were finally included, 400 were not diagnosed with KD and 378 were diagnosed with KD. The odds ratio of BNP at the cutoff of 30 pg/mL for KD was 7.80 (95% CI, 5.67–10.73) in the univariate analysis and 3.62 (95% CI, 2.33–5.88) in the multivariable analysis. The odds ratio of BNP at the cutoff of 270 pg/mL for CAA was 3.67 (95% CI, 2.18–6.19) in the univariate analysis and 2.37 (95% CI, 1.16–8.74) in the multivariable analysis. The AUC of KD and CAA were 0.884 and 0.726, respectively, which was the highest AUCs among all variables. Additionally, we proposed a scoring system for KD and CAA. It is important to clinically suspect KD and CAA in children with high BNP levels.