bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
All-visible-light-driven salicylidene schiff-base-functionalized artificial molecular motors
Authors: van Vliet Sven , Sheng Jinyu , Stindt Charlotte N. , Feringa Ben L.
Published: July 2024

Light-driven rotary molecular motors are among the most promising classes of responsive molecular machines and take advantage of their intrinsic chirality which governs unidirectional rotation. As a consequence of their dynamic function, they receive considerable interest in the areas of supramolecular chemistry, asymmetric catalysis and responsive materials. Among the emerging classes of responsive photochromic molecules, multistate first-generation molecular motors driven by benign visible light remain unexplored, which limits the exploitation of the full potential of these mechanical light-powered systems. Herein, we describe a series of all-visible-light-driven first-generation molecular motors based on the salicylidene Schiff base functionality. Remarkable redshifts up to 100 nm in absorption are achieved compared to conventional first-generation motor structures. Taking advantage of all-visible-light-driven multistate motor scaffolds, adaptive behaviour is found as well, and potential application in multistate photoluminescence is demonstrated. These functional visible-light-responsive motors will likely stimulate the design and synthesis of more sophisticated nanomachinery with a myriad of future applications in powering dynamic systems.
A chimeric vaccine derived from Australian genotype IV Japanese encephalitis virus protects mice from lethal challenge
Authors: Harrison Jessica J. , Nguyen Wilson , Morgan Mahali S. , Tang Bing , Habarugira Gervais , de Malmanche Henry , Freney Morgan E. , Modhiran Naphak , Watterson Daniel , Cox Abigail L. , Yan Kexin , Yuen Nicholas K. Y. , Bowman Dylan H. , Kirkland Peter D. , Bielefeldt-Ohmann Helle , Suhrbier Andreas , Hall Roy A. , Rawle Daniel J. , Hobson-Peters Jody
Published: July 2024

In 2022, a genotype IV (GIV) strain of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) caused an unprecedented and widespread outbreak of disease in pigs and humans in Australia. As no veterinary vaccines against JEV are approved in Australia and all current approved human and veterinary vaccines are derived from genotype (G) III JEV strains, we used the recently described insect-specific Binjari virus (BinJV) chimeric flavivirus vaccine technology to produce a JEV GIV vaccine candidate. Herein we describe the production of a chimeric virus displaying the structural prM and E proteins of a JEV GIV isolate obtained from a stillborn piglet (JEVNSW/22) in the genomic backbone of BinJV (BinJ/JEVNSW/22-prME). BinJ/JEVNSW/22-prME was shown to be antigenically indistinguishable from the JEVNSW/22 parental virus by KD analysis and a panel of JEV-reactive monoclonal antibodies in ELISA. BinJ/JEVNSW/22-prME replicated efficiently in C6/36 cells, reaching titres of >107 infectious units/mL - an important attribute for vaccine manufacture. As expected, BinJ/JEVNSW/22-prME failed to replicate in a variety of vertebrate cells lines. When used to immunise mice, the vaccine induced a potent virus neutralising response against JEVNSW/22 and to GII and GIII JEV strains. The BinJ/JEVNSW/22-prME vaccine provided complete protection against lethal challenge with JEVNSW/22, whilst also providing partial protection against viraemia and disease for the related Murray Valley encephalitis virus. Our results demonstrate that BinJ/JEVNSW/22-prME is a promising vaccine candidate against JEV.
FANCD2–FANCI surveys DNA and recognizes double- to single-stranded junctions
Authors: Alcón Pablo , Kaczmarczyk Artur P. , Ray Korak Kumar , Liolios Themistoklis , Guilbaud Guillaume , Sijacki Tamara , Shen Yichao , McLaughlin Stephen H. , Sale Julian E. , Knipscheer Puck , Rueda David S. , Passmore Lori A.
Published: July 2024

DNA crosslinks block DNA replication and are repaired by the Fanconi anaemia pathway. The FANCD2–FANCI (D2–I) protein complex is central to this process as it initiates repair by coordinating DNA incisions around the lesion1. However, D2–I is also known to have a more general role in DNA repair and in protecting stalled replication forks from unscheduled degradation2–4. At present, it is unclear how DNA crosslinks are recognized and how D2–I functions in replication fork protection. Here, using single-molecule imaging, we show that D2–I is a sliding clamp that binds to and diffuses on double-stranded DNA. Notably, sliding D2–I stalls on encountering single-stranded–double-stranded (ss–ds) DNA junctions, structures that are generated when replication forks stall at DNA lesions5. Using cryogenic electron microscopy, we determined structures of D2–I on DNA that show that stalled D2–I makes specific interactions with the ss–dsDNA junction that are distinct from those made by sliding D2–I. Thus, D2–I surveys dsDNA and, when it reaches an ssDNA gap, it specifically clamps onto ss–dsDNA junctions. Because ss–dsDNA junctions are found at stalled replication forks, D2–I can identify sites of DNA damage. Therefore, our data provide a unified molecular mechanism that reconciles the roles of D2–I in the recognition and protection of stalled replication forks in several DNA repair pathways.
Cranioencephalic functional lymphoid units in glioblastoma
Authors: Dobersalske Celia , Rauschenbach Laurèl , Hua Yichao , Berliner Christoph , Steinbach Anita , Grüneboom Anika , Kokkaliaris Konstantinos D. , Heiland Dieter H. , Berger Pia , Langer Sarah , Tan Chin L. , Stenzel Martin , Landolsi Somaya , Weber Flora , Darkwah Oppong Marvin , Werner Rudolf A. , Gull Hanah , Schröder Thomas , Linsenmann Thomas , Buck Andreas K. , Gunzer Matthias , Stuschke Martin , Keyvani Kathy , Forsting Michael , Glas Martin , Kipnis Jonathan , Steindler Dennis A. , Reinhardt Hans Christian , Green Edward W. , Platten Michael , Tasdogan Alpaslan , Herrmann Ken , Rambow Florian , Cima Igor , Sure Ulrich , Scheffler Björn
Published: July 2024

The ecosystem of brain tumors is considered immunosuppressed, but our current knowledge may be incomplete. Here we analyzed clinical cell and tissue specimens derived from patients presenting with glioblastoma or nonmalignant intracranial disease to report that the cranial bone (CB) marrow, in juxtaposition to treatment-naive glioblastoma tumors, harbors active lymphoid populations at the time of initial diagnosis. Clinical and anatomical imaging, single-cell molecular and immune cell profiling and quantification of tumor reactivity identified CD8+ T cell clonotypes in the CB that were also found in the tumor. These were characterized by acute and durable antitumor response rooted in the entire T cell developmental spectrum. In contrast to distal bone marrow, the CB niche proximal to the tumor showed increased frequencies of tumor-reactive CD8+ effector types expressing the lymphoid egress marker S1PR1. In line with this, cranial enhancement of CXCR4 radiolabel may serve as a surrogate marker indicating focal association with improved progression-free survival. The data of this study advocate preservation and further exploitation of these cranioencephalic units for the clinical care of glioblastoma.
Analyzing single-cell bisulfite sequencing data with MethSCAn
Authors: Kremer Lukas P. M. , Braun Martina M. , Ovchinnikova Svetlana , Küchenhoff Leonie , Cerrizuela Santiago , Martin-Villalba Ana , Anders Simon
Published: July 2024

Single-cell bisulfite sequencing (scBS) is a technique that enables the assessment of DNA methylation at single-base pair and single-cell resolution. The analysis of large datasets obtained from scBS requires preprocessing to reduce the data size, improve the signal-to-noise ratio and provide interpretability. Typically, this is achieved by dividing the genome into large tiles and averaging the methylation signals within each tile. Here we demonstrate that this coarse-graining approach can lead to signal dilution. We propose improved strategies to identify more informative regions for methylation quantification and a more accurate quantitation method than simple averaging. Our approach enables better discrimination of cell types and other features of interest and reduces the need for large numbers of cells. We also present an approach to detect differentially methylated regions between groups of cells and demonstrate its ability to identify biologically meaningful regions that are associated with genes involved in the core functions of specific cell types. Finally, we present the software tool MethSCAn for scBS data analysis (https://anders-biostat.github.io/MethSCAn).
Prevalence and risk factors of self-reported hearing loss, tinnitus, and dizziness in a population-based sample from rural northeastern Germany
Authors: Ihler Friedrich , Brzoska Tina , Altindal Reyhan , Dziemba Oliver , Völzke Henry , Busch Chia-Jung , Ittermann Till
Published: July 2024

A close anatomical and physiological relationship is known between the senses of hearing and balance, while an additional pathophysiological interaction is supposed. The mechanisms underlying this association are not yet fully understood, especially in individuals without a known specific otologic disorder. In particular, only scarce information on the combined occurrence of audiovestibular sensory impairment is available so far. Therefore, this study aims to provide further insight into the prevalence and co-prevalence of the audiovestibular symptoms hearing loss, tinnitus and dizziness. Additionally, the influence of potential risk factors from lifestyle habits as well as cardiovascular and metabolic conditions on the development of those symptoms is studied. Data was analyzed from 8134 individuals from the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP). SHIP pursues a broad and comprehensive examination program in chronologically separated cohorts with longitudinal follow-up. Cohorts are sampled from Western Pomerania, a rural region of north-eastern Germany. The study population represents a cross-sectional analysis from the cohorts SHIP-START (recruited 1997–2001) and SHIP-TREND (recruited 2008–2012), sampled for baseline investigations (SHIP-START-0 and SHIP-TREND-0) at the age of 20–79 years. Audiovestibular symptoms as outcome variables were assessed by structured questionnaires. Additionally, individuals were comprehensively characterized regarding modifiable lifestyle factors as well as cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, allowing the assessment of their role as exposure variables. We calculated a weighted prevalence of 14.2% for hearing loss, 9.7% for tinnitus, and 13.5% for dizziness in the population. Prevalence increased with age and differed among the sexes. A considerable share of 28.0% of the investigated individuals reported more than one symptom at once. The prevalence of hearing loss as well as tinnitus increased between the two cohorts. A moderate positive correlation was found between the occurrence of hearing loss and tinnitus (phi-coefficient 0.318). In multivariable regression analyses, education was identified as a significant protective factor while only smoking was significantly associated with all three symptoms. Furthermore, several cardiovascular risk factors contributed to both hearing loss and dizziness. In conclusion, audiovestibular symptoms are highly prevalent in the investigated population. A considerable but complex influence of risk factors points towards a relation with neuronal as well as cardiovascular disease processes. To clarify the underlying mechanisms, the interaction between the senses of hearing and balance as well as the mode of action of the risk factors should be evaluated in more detail in the future.
Tilted stripes origin in La1.88Sr0.12CuO4 revealed by anisotropic next-nearest neighbor hopping
Authors: He Wei , Wen Jiajia , Jiang Hong-Chen , Xu Guangyong , Tian Wei , Taniguchi Takanori , Ikeda Yoichi , Fujita Masaki , Lee Young S.
Published: July 2024

Spin- and charge- stripe order has been extensively studied in the superconducting cuprates, among which underdoped La2−xSrxCuO4 (LSCO) is an archetype with static spin stripes at low temperatures. An intriguing, but not completely understood, phenomenon in LSCO is that the stripes are tilted away from the high-symmetry Cu-Cu directions. Using high-resolution neutron scattering on LSCO with x = 0.12, we find two coexisting phases at low temperatures, one with static spin stripes and the other with fluctuating ones, both sharing the same tilt angle. Our numerical calculations using the doped Hubbard model elucidate the tilting’s origin, attributing it to anisotropic next-nearest neighbor hopping $${t}^{{\prime} }$$

t

′

, consistent with the material’s slight orthorhombicity. Our results underscore the model’s success in describing specific details of the ground state of this real material and highlight the role of $${t}^{{\prime} }$$

t

′

in the Hamiltonian, revealing the delicate interplay between stripes and superconductivity across theoretical and experimental contexts.
Rapid electrochemical detection of l-lactate in Baijiu affecting serotonin and dopamine secretion in mice
Authors: Rui Yating , Tang Qunyong , Chen Liyi , Pu Juan , Wang Wanpeng , Ding Shou-Nian
Published: July 2024

Baijiu, a traditional Chinese alcoholic beverage, carries China's rich historical and cultural heritage.
Photo-triggered AuAg@g-C3N4 composite nanoplatform for multimodal broad-spectrum antibacterial therapy
Authors: Jing Xinyi , Huang Shan , Wang Hui , Ding Yue , Yao Huiqin , Chen Xiaojun , Zhu Jun-Jie
Published: July 2024

Strategies based on nanomaterials for sterilization address the problem of antibiotic resistance faced by conventional antimicrobials, with the contribution of photocatalytic compounds being particularly prominent.
A novel chemiluminescence sensor for alpha-fetoprotein detection based on an aptamer–luminol modified magnetic graphene oxide and copper-based MOF composite
Authors: Liu Juntao , Wang Xueying , Sun Yuanling , Luo Chuannan
Published: July 2024

ZnONPs-Au@CuMOFs improved the sensor's sensitivity. The sensor was successfully used for AFP detection in a human serum sample.
Electrochemical removal of toxic metals from reaction media following catalysis
Authors: Husbands David R. , Booth Elisha M. , Donaldson Niall W. B. , Kapur Nikil , Willans Rebecca M. , Willans Charlotte E.
Published: July 2024

Following Ni-catalysed Suzuki–Miyaura cross coupling reactions, Ni is electrochemically removed on to the cathode, offering potential for recovery and reuse.
Room temperature high-efficiency welding of an ultra-long silver nanowire network for flexible transparent electrodes
Authors: Yao Maomao , Zhao Lulu , Fan Chunyu , Han Xingbo , Wu Zhongbin , Sun Hengda , Wang Gang , Xiao Ru
Published: July 2024

ul-AgNWs with high purity and an ultra-high aspect ratio were used to prepare FTEs, which were welded and demonstrated Rs of 61 Ω, T = 98.2%, and stable mechanical performance. Application in OLED devices yielded promising results.
Active sparse Bayesian committee machine potential for isothermal–isobaric molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Willow Soohaeng Yoo , Kim Dong Geon , Sundheep R. , Hajibabaei Amir , Kim Kwang S. , Myung Chang Woo
Published: July 2024

Introducing active sparse Bayesian committee machine potentials with virial kernels for enhanced pressure accuracy. This enables efficient on-the-fly training for accurate isobaric machine learning molecular dynamics simulations with reduced costs.
Measuring the total photon economy of molecular species through fluorescent optical cycling
Authors: Sica Anthony V. , Hua Ash Sueh , Coffey Belle , Anderson Kierstyn P. , Coffey Lia A. , Nguyen Benjamin T. , Spokoyny Alexander M. , Caram Justin R.
Published: July 2024

The total photon economy of a chromophore molecular species represents a study of how absorbed photons partition among various electronic states and ultimately dissipate their excited energy into the environment.
A comprehensive adsorption and desorption study on the interaction of DNA oligonucleotides with TiO2 nanolayers
Authors: Yang Jin , Su Qiong , Song Chongyang , Luo Haiyan , Jiang Hui , Ni Ming , Meng Fanchao
Published: July 2024

A simple chip block method, validated by the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), was propose for a comprehensive study on the interaction of DNA oligonucleotides with TiO2 nanolayer through systematic adsorption and desorption experiments.
An improved method for reactive scatterings in ultra-cold conditions using the time-dependent approach
Authors: Zhao Hailin , Sun Zhigang
Published: July 2024

A new time-dependent wave packet method has been proposed for chemical reactions under ultra-cold conditions. Computational effort is reduced by placing the initial wave function close to the interaction region.
Confined phase transition triggering a high-performance energy storage thermo-battery
Authors: Li Jing , Chen Shiyan , Qu Xiangyang , Han Zhiliang , Zhou Zhou , Deng Lili , Jia Yuhang , Zhang Shengming , Xie Ruimin , Wang Huaping
Published: July 2024

An energy storage thermo-battery from a thermocell was obtained by utilizing the thermo-responsive hydrophobic interaction between methyl cellulose and I3− (ΔC), and the thermoelectric properties were further enhanced by the confinement of BC (ΔS).
Stable lithium storage with strong-grain sustained pinning-reinforced nanocrystalline silicon
Authors: Hu Tingjie , Zhou Haochen , Tang Jingjing , Chen Song , Li Zhenxiao , Yu Xia , Zhang Yaguang , Yang Juan , Zhou Xiangyang
Published: July 2024

Creative strong-grain pinning reinforcement breaks through the traditional mechanical limit of crystalline silicon to realize ultra-stable lithium storage.
Synergistic antibacterial effect of quaternary ammonium salt functionalized metal–organic framework
Authors: Zhou Ming , Zhang Bin , Wang Tan , Xiao Ping , Cheng Lin , Tang Rui
Published: July 2024

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) can be an important causative factor for severe infections in humans, especially in patients with respiratory infections.
Mechanical, adsorption and detection properties of functionalized N-CQDs/P(AM-U-ChCl) composite hydrogels
Authors: Li Bin , Wu Aolin , Zhou Mengjing , Wang Ying , Hu Zhigang , Su Lihua
Published: July 2024

Nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) were incorporated as fillers into deep eutectic solvents. N-CQDs/P(AM-U-ChCl) composite hydrogels with adsorption and detection properties were prepared by light polymerization.
A comprehensive review on the challenges associated with lithium-ion batteries and their possible solutions
Authors: Fazal Suqqyana , Ahmad Fawad , Khan Muhammad Imran , Shanableh Abdallah , Manzoor Suryyia
Published: July 2024

Cell phones, tablets, laptop computers, and many other consumer technology gadgets use lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).
Exploring the interaction of decavanadate with methylene blue, toluidine blue and rhodamine B
Authors: Missina Juliana M. , Camilo Heloísa de S. , Bottini Rúbia C. R. , Silva Isabela P. S. , Fachini Lucas G. , Rossi Patrizia , Paoli Paola , Sá Eduardo L. de , Nunes Giovana G.
Published: July 2024

Alkyl pyridinium decavanadate salt interacts with cationic organic dyes in aqueous media. A crystal structure of methylene blue with decavanadate is reported for the first time.
New low transition temperature mixture menthol:salicylaldoxime – a designer solvent for extraction of metal species
Authors: Cherniakova Marharyta Yu. , Vashchenko Olga V. , Stolper Jurij M. , Vashchenko Pavlo V. , Lisetski Longin N. , Belikov Konstantin N.
Published: July 2024

A new hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent was designed by combining menthol and salicylaldoxime.
Potentiality of chitosan hybridized magnesium doped-hydroxyapatite (CH/Mg·HAP) for enhanced carrying of oxaliplatin: loading, release, kinetics, and cytotoxicity
Authors: Bin Jumah May N. , Al Othman Sarah I. , Alomari Awatif Abdulaziz , Allam Ahmed A. , Abukhadra Mostafa R.
Published: July 2024

Magnesium-enriched hydroxyapatite was synthesized and integrated with chitosan, forming a bio-compatible biocomposite (CH/Mg·HAP) to be applied as a carrier of oxaliplatin (OXN) with enhanced loading, release, and therapeutic activities.
Synthesis of folic acid, histidine, and serine-functionalized and boron and phosphorus-doped graphene quantum dots with excellent yellow luminescence behavior in aqueous/solid states and their use for the fluorescence detection of Fe2+ in urine
Authors: Ruiyi Li , Xie Qingqing , Wang Ye , Li Zaijun , Liu Xiaohao
Published: July 2024

Folic acid, histidine, and serine-functionalized and boron and phosphorus-doped graphene quantum dot with excellent yellow luminescence behavior was reported.
Restoring physiological parameters of the pancreas and kidney through treatment with a polymeric nano-formulation of C-peptide and lisofylline combination in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Singh Arihant Kumar , Sai Pradyuth Kommera , Chitkara Deepak , Mittal Anupama
Published: July 2024

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a progressive kidney disorder that develops as a complication of diabetes due to long-term exposure to elevated blood glucose levels (BGLs).
Mechanistic insights into the metabolic pathways of vanillin: unraveling cytochrome P450 interaction mechanisms and implications for food safety
Authors: Kamel Emadeldin M. , Maodaa Saleh , Al-Shaebi Esam M. , Lamsabhi Al Mokhtar
Published: July 2024

Vanillin's biotransformation by CYP450 was studied, identifying aldehyde deformylation as energy-efficient pathway. Docking and MD simulations showed stable interactions with CYP2E1 and CYP1A2, suggesting potential food safety implications.
Cu site differentiation in tetracopper(i) sulfide clusters enables biomimetic N2O reduction
Authors: Alayoglu Pinar , Rathnayaka Suresh C. , Chang Tieyan , Wang SuYin Grass , Chen Yu-Sheng , Mankad Neal P.
Published: July 2024

Resonant X-ray diffraction measurements were used to examine Cu site differentiation within a Cu4S cluster that distorts its geometry to activate N2O, thus mimicking the behavior of the biological CuZ active site.
Electronic energy transfer ionization in naphthalene–CO2 clusters reveals excited states of dry ice
Authors: Lemmens Alexander K. , Wannenmacher Anna , Dias Nureshan , Ahmed Musahid
Published: July 2024

Vacuum ultraviolet excitation of CO2 clusters and concomitant energy transfer to naphthalene leads to ionization which provides an understanding of excited state chemistry relevant to astrochemistry.
Mechanical insulation of aza-Pechmann dyes within [2]rotaxanes
Authors: Cutillas-Font Guillermo , Pastor Aurelia , Alajarin Mateo , Martinez-Cuezva Alberto , Marin-Luna Marta , Batanero Belen , Berna Jose
Published: July 2024

Here we demonstrate that mechanically interlocked aza-Pechmann dyes improve stability and modulate photophysical and redox properties of the non-interlocked dyes. Computational and electrochemical analyses show enhanced HOMO and LUMO stability.
Thermoregulated transcriptomics: the molecular basis and biological significance of temperature-dependent alternative splicing
Authors: Haltenhof Tom , Preußner Marco , Heyd Florian
Published: July 2024

Temperature-dependent alternative splicing (AS) is a crucial mechanism for organisms to adapt to varying environmental temperatures. In mammals, even slight fluctuations in body temperature are sufficient to drive significant AS changes in a concerted manner. This dynamic regulation allows organisms to finely tune gene expression and protein isoform diversity in response to temperature cues, ensuring proper cellular function and physiological adaptation. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying temperature-dependent AS thus provides valuable insights into the intricate interplay between environmental stimuli and gene expression regulation. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advances in understanding temperature-regulated AS across various biological processes and systems. We will discuss the machinery sensing and translating temperature cues into changed AS patterns, the adaptation of the splicing regulatory machinery to extreme temperatures, the role of temperature-dependent AS in shaping the transcriptome, functional implications and the development of potential therapeutics targeting temperature-sensitive AS pathways.
Cytokinin and reproductive shoot architecture: bigger and better?
Authors: Walker Catriona H. , Bennett Tom
Published: July 2024

Cytokinin (CK) is a key plant hormone, but one whose effects are often misunderstood, partly due to reliance on older data from before the molecular genetic age of plant science. In this mini-review, we examine the role of CK in controlling the reproductive shoot architecture of flowering plants. We begin with a long overdue re-examination of the role of CK in shoot branching, and discuss the relatively paucity of genetic evidence that CK does play a major role in this process. We then examine the role of CK in determining the number of inflorescences, flowers, fruit and seed that plants initiate during reproductive development, and how these are arranged in space and time. The genetic evidence for a major role of CK in controlling these processes is much clearer, and CK has profound effects in boosting the size and number of most reproductive structures. Conversely, the attenuation of CK levels during the reproductive phase likely contributes to reduced organ size seen later in flowering, and the ultimate arrest of inflorescence meristems during end-of-flowering. We finish by discussing how this information can potentially be used to improve crop yields.
Mechanisms of lysosomal tubulation and sorting driven by LRRK2
Authors: Bonet-Ponce Luis , Kluss Jillian H. , Cookson Mark R.
Published: July 2024

Lysosomes are dynamic cellular structures that adaptively remodel their membrane in response to stimuli, including membrane damage. Lysosomal dysfunction plays a central role in the pathobiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Gain-of-function mutations in Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) cause familial PD and genetic variations in its locus increase the risk of developing the sporadic form of the disease. We previously uncovered a process we term LYTL (LYsosomal Tubulation/sorting driven by LRRK2), wherein membrane-damaged lysosomes generate tubules sorted into mobile vesicles. Subsequently, these vesicles interact with healthy lysosomes. LYTL is orchestrated by LRRK2 kinase activity, via the recruitment and phosphorylation of a subset of RAB GTPases. Here, we summarize the current understanding of LYTL and its regulation, as well as the unknown aspects of this process.
Audiograms and Prevalence of Hearing Loss in U.S. Children and Adolescents 6–19 Years of Age
Authors: Humes Larry
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to determine median audiograms and prevalence of hearing loss for U.S. 6- to 19-year-olds.

Method:

U.S. national audiometric data for 2,709 six- to 19-year-olds from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017–2020 were analyzed. Analyses were primarily descriptive and relied on distribution-free medians, cumulative distribution functions (CDFs), and population-weighted prevalence estimates. Differences between CDFs were examined using Cohen's
h
effect size. Results are presented for the age range of 6–19 years. Main effects of sex, age, and race/ethnicity were examined.

Results:

Differences in the audiograms between the sexes and among the various race/ethnicity groups were minor, but age group differences were notable. Pure-tone thresholds at 500 and 8000 Hz for the 6- to 9-year age group were 3–5 dB higher (worse) than those of the other age groups. The overall prevalence of hearing loss among 6- to 19-year-olds, defined as either of the pure-tone averages (PTAs) for 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz (PTA512) or 3000, 4000, 6000, and 8000 Hz (PTA3468k) exceeding 15 dB HL in either ear, was 11.24% (95% confidence interval [10.00%, 12.48%]). Binary logistic regression analyses found the odds of hearing loss to be significantly higher for individuals from families with a low income as well as for those with abnormal otoscopy or abnormal tympanometry.

Conclusions:

For children and adolescents in the United States, hearing was unaffected by differences in sex and race/ethnicity, with only age impacting pure-tone thresholds and only at the lowest (500 Hz) and highest (8000 Hz) frequencies examined. The overall prevalence of hearing loss was about 11%.
Design of chaotic circuit based on Knowm memristor
Authors: Wang Fuping , Wang Faqiang
Published: July 2024

Most previous works in the field of nonlinear memristive chaotic systems mainly focus on non‐material memristor while seldom on material memristor. In this letter, the model and the corresponding parameter identification of the Knowm memristor is presented. The chaotic circuit based on the Knowm memristor is designed. Equilibrium points and stability of this Knowm‐memristor‐based chaotic system is analyzed. Nonlinear dynamic behavior is presented by the bifurcation diagram and Lyapunov exponents. Finally, the hardware circuit of this Knowm‐memristor‐based chaotic system is designed and the experimental results are presented for confirmation.
Deep learning‐based location prediction in VANET
Authors: Rezazadeh Nafiseh , Amirabadi Mohammad Ali , Kahaei Mohammad Hossein
Published: July 2024

In recent years, Vehicular Ad‐hoc Network (VANET) has become an essential component of intelligent transportation systems that, along with the previous systems such as traffic condition, accident alert, automatic parking, and cruise control, use the communication of vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to the roadside unit to facilitate road transportation. Several challenges hinder efforts to improve traffic conditions and reduce traffic fatalities through VANET. A critical challenge is achieving highly accurate and reliable vehicle localization within the VANET. Additionally, the frequent unavailability of Global Positioning System (GPS), particularly in tunnels and parking lots, presents another significant obstacle. Traditional methods like Dead Reckoning offer low accuracy and reliability due to accumulating errors. Similarly, GPS positioning, map matching with mobile phone location services, and other existing solutions struggle with accuracy and economic feasibility. In this article, two Kalman filter approaches are used based on signal statistical information and the other learning‐based networks, including traditional neural network, deep neural network and LSTM (long short‐term memory) to locate the car. The prediction error of car position with root mean square measures. The squared error and distance prediction error are evaluated. It is shown that in terms of prediction time and processing time of vehicle localization, all the vehicle localization methods are efficient in terms of response time for localization, and Kalman filter methods, traditional neural network and deep neural network are faster than LSTM method. Also, in terms of localization error, Kalman filter works better than learning‐based methods, and in learning‐based methods, both deep neural network and LSTM methods perform better than traditional neural network in terms of localization error.
A high‐power, high‐isolation, dual‐polarised planar phased array antenna
Authors: Jiang Junxing , Xiao Shaoqiu , Zhang Yiming , Xie Shaoyi
Published: July 2024

A high‐power, high‐isolation, dual‐polarised planar phased array antenna is presented. Based on a multi‐layer microstrip structure, two sets of polarisation ports are fed through orthogonal slot coupling, achieving high isolation and low cross‐polarisation. Double‐layer radiation patches and cavity interlayers are used to expand the bandwidth and increase the gain. Metal vias are added around microstrip feeders and between array units to suppress surface waves, thereby improving the scanning performance of the phased array. A smooth gradient microstrip structure is designed to improve the power capacity while realising broadband impedance matching. The measured results show that in the 8–10 GHz frequency band, the isolation of the dual polarisation ports is greater than 50 dB, and the impedance bandwidth reaches 22.2%, with active VSWR <1.5 when not scanning. Both sets of polarisation can achieve 2‐D beam scanning in the range of E‐plane ±20° and H‐plane ±40° without grating lobes, maintaining the scan loss below 2.4 dB, cross‐polarisation below −20 dB and active VSWR <2. Each unit achieves a high gain of 7.4 dB and large power capacity of 5 kW; so the entire 8 × 8 phased array can achieve a main lobe gain of 25.5 dB and realise high‐power directional radiation with the effective isotropic radiated power of 92.5 dBm. The proposed planar antenna has a low profile of 5.5 mm (0.17λ0).
Die präventive Flexionsosteotomie am Tibiakopf
Authors: Reuter Benoit , Perl Mario , Dickschas Jörg
Published: July 2024

Die folgende Falldarstellung berichtet über eine präventive Tibiakopf-Flexionsosteotomie bei einem jugendlichen Patienten, bei welchem ein erniedrigter posteriorer Slope des Tibiakopfes vorlag. Der Patient zeigte sich zu diesem Zeitpunkt symptomfrei und ohne Instabilität. MR-tomografisch zeigte sich jedoch eine ausgeprägte Veränderung des hinteren Kreuzbandes, was als Indikation zur Osteotomie interpretiert wurde. Die OP-Technik und das postoperative Resultat werden dargestellt. Das postoperative MRT zeigt eine Reorganisation des hinteren Kreuzbandes in eine physiologische Konfiguration.
Survivorship of Primary NexGen Knee Replacement: Comparing Cementless Trabecular Metal to Other Designs of Tibial Component
Authors: Ayoola Ayooluwa S. , Charters Michael A. , Raja Hamza M. , Weseman Luke , Lewis Peter L. , Peng Yi , North Wayne Trevor
Published: July 2024

The impact of cementless trabecular metal (TM) implants on implant survivorship are not well delineated. This study compares primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) revision rates of cemented knee replacements with two cementless knee replacement designs—cementless TM and a non-TM cementless design. Data from a national registry queried TKA procedures performed for osteoarthritis from 1999 to 2020. The risk of revision of Zimmer NexGen TKA using cementless TM, cementless non-TM, and cemented non-TM were compared. Analyses included Kaplan–Meier estimates of survivorship and Cox hazard ratios (HR), stratified by age and gender. Cementless TM components had higher risks of revision compared with cementless non-TM implants (HR = 1.49; p ≤ 0.001). Cementless TM implants showed higher risks of revision compared with cemented non-TM prostheses for the first 2 years (HR = 1.75, p < 0.001). Non-TM prostheses posed equal risk of revision for cementless and cemented fixations (HR = 0.95, p = 0.522). Patients aged 55 to 64 years and 65 to 74 years had a higher risk of revision for cementless TM compared with cementless non-TM (HR = 1.40, p = 0.033 and HR = 1.79, p < 0.001, respectively) and cemented non-TM implants (HR = 1.51, p < 0.001 and HR = 1.54, p < 0.001, respectively). The study shows there is an increased risk of revision with TM cementless implants for patients aged 55 to 74 years. These results do not support the use of TM tibial implants for patients of this age group for primary TKA.
Impact of Joint Laxity on 2-Year KOOS Outcomes of Posterior Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Randall Amber L. , Wakelin Edgar A. , Kah James , Keggi John M. , Koenig Jan A. , DeClaire Jeffrey H. , Ponder Corey E. , Lawrence Jeffrey M. , Plaskos Christopher
Published: July 2024

The objective of this study was to determine relationships between intraoperative posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) sacrificing posterior stabilized (PS) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) laxity measurements throughout flexion and patient outcomes at 2 years post-TKA and to define clinically relevant laxity thresholds to optimize patient outcomes.

In a single-surgeon study, PCL sacrificing TKA using a robotics-assisted platform with a digital joint tensioning device was performed in 115 knees in 115 patients. Final intraoperative joint laxity was recorded, and 2-year Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Scores (KOOSs) were obtained. A Simulated Annealing optimization algorithm was used to identify medial and lateral laxity windows which maximized the 2-year KOOS pain score. Wilcoxon nonparametric tests were used to compare outcomes between groups.

Significant associations were found between intraoperative joint laxity and 2-year KOOS pain outcomes throughout flexion. Clinically relevant laxity windows were defined medially and laterally in mid-flexion and flexion for improved outcomes, whereas only a lateral laxity window could be defined in extension. When all laxity windows were satisfied, a 14.5-KOOS point improvement was found (97.2 vs. 77.8, p = 0.0060) compared to knees which did not satisfy any window. Improvements in Activities of Daily Living (Δ8.8, p = 0.0143), Sports (Δ22.5, p = 0.0108), and Quality of Life (Δ18.7, p = 0.0011) KOOS subscores were also found in knees which satisfied all windows versus 0–1 window.

Intraoperative joint laxity is associated with postoperative outcomes in a PS knee design, wherein patients balanced within identified laxity targets reported improved outcomes over those that did not. Clinically significant thresholds were defined and were predominately found in mid-flexion and flexion for medial and lateral laxity. When target windows were combined further improved outcomes were identified.
Profound Pneumocephalus and Low-Pressure Hydrocephalus Triggered by Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Placement after Resection, Fat Graft Reconstruction, and Radiotherapy for a Malignant Skull Base Schwannoma
Authors: Stevens Baylee , Bialek Shannan , Zhao Kyle , Maqusi Suhair , Rassi Edward El , Tan Jeremy , Graffeo Christopher S.
Published: July 2024

Background Tension pneumocephalus is a rare postoperative complication, typically presenting with mental status changes or rapid neurological decline after craniotomy. We report a complex case of tension pneumocephalus triggered by graft retraction after ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt placement.

Case History A 39-year-old woman with a recurrent left trigeminal cavernous sinus schwannoma, status post one prior resection, two stereotactic radiosurgery treatments, and one course of fractionated radiotherapy, underwent radical resection with orbital exenteration and abdominal fat free graft reconstruction followed by adjuvant radiotherapy for malignant transformation. She developed subacute ventriculomegaly with altered mental status, prompting VP shunt placement. Three weeks later, she presented with profound pneumocephalus and intraventricular air originating from a large, left-sided sphenoid and maxillary defect, from which the fat graft had retracted. A right frontal external ventricular drain (EVD) was placed, resulting in immediate release of air under high pressure. Definitive treatment required skull base reconstruction with a latissimus dorsi free flap, contralateral nasoseptal flap, antibiotics, and VP shunt revision for treatment of combined cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, pneumocephalus, ventriculitis, and low-pressure hydrocephalus. As of her last follow-up, she was restored to her initial postresection neurological baseline.

Conclusion Tension pneumocephalus is a rare and life-threatening emergency that requires immediate neurosurgical intervention. We report the index case of tension pneumocephalus induced by graft retraction following radiotherapy and CSF diversion. Where observed, tension pneumocephalus resulting from a skull base CSF leak may be associated with low-pressure hydrocephalus, and successful long-term management demands balancing the need for CSF diversion against the integrity of the skull base reconstruction.
Synthesis of Chiral L2/Z-Type Ligands Featuring a Bisoxazoline Framework and Their Application to Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation
Authors: Murakami Ryo , Inagaki Fuyuhiko , Takahashi Hikaru , Shibata Takashi , Naito Daisuke
Published: July 2024

Chiral L2/Z*-type ligands featuring a bisoxazoline framework have been successfully synthesized and applied in asymmetric allylic alkylation. These ligands, designed based on an oxazoline skeleton and derived from chiral amino acid derivatives, incorporate antimony and bismuth as Z-type ligands. Ligands with bulky, electron-withdrawing groups on antimony and bismuth showed enhanced catalytic performance. This research highlights the potential of these novel chiral L2/Z*-type ligands to improve asymmetric catalysis.
Liver Transplantation for Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Soliman Nadine , Connor Ashton A. , Kodali Sudha , Ghobrial Rafik Mark
Published: July 2024

Cholangiocarcinomas (CCAs) are highly aggressive, primary liver cancers with rising incidence and mortality rates. The current 5-year overall survival is less than 20%. There are no standardized screening protocols, and current diagnostic methods include serum biomarkers and imaging techniques with suboptimal sensitivities and specificities. The most commonly used treatment options, including combination systemic therapies, locoregional therapies, and surgical resection, offer improving but nonetheless limited progression-free and overall survival. Liver transplantation has shown promising results as a potentially curative treatment for two types of CCA, namely, perihilar and intrahepatic. However, the evidence is largely from retrospective series of small to moderate sample sizes. There is a need to define optimal types and sequencing of neoadjuvant and adjuvant peritransplant therapies, as well as criteria for CCA patient transplant eligibility. Here, we conduct a granular review of the evidence available on every step of the transplant care pathway for perihilar and intrahepatic CCA patients. We aim to inform best practices to inform future avenues of research and maximize the number of patients eligible for this potentially life-prolonging therapy.
Imaging in Abdominal Tuberculosis
Authors: Sharma Anuradha , Goyal Ankur , Kandasamy Devasenathipathy , Kedia Saurabh , Ahuja Vineet , Sharma Raju
Published: July 2024

Diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis is challenging due to its variable imaging appearance, which can mimic several other conditions. This review covers the imaging spectrum of tubercular involvement of abdominal lymph nodes, peritoneum, solid abdominal viscera, and the gastrointestinal tract. Tubercular lymphadenitis is the most frequent manifestation of abdominal tuberculosis and may show necrosis. Peritoneal tuberculosis is the next most commonly involved site in the abdomen and can be of wet, fibrotic, and dry forms. The ileocecal region is the most common site of involvement in gastrointestinal tuberculosis. Solid visceral involvement mostly affects the liver and spleen causing hepatosplenomegaly with a micronodular or macronodular imaging pattern. Awareness of the spectrum of imaging manifestations and a high index of suspicion is required to reach the correct diagnosis.
Molecular structure refinement based on residual dipolar couplings using magnetic-field rotational sampling
Authors: Pechlaner Maria , van Gunsteren Wilfred F. , Smith Lorna J. , Hansen Niels
Published: July 2024

A method for structure refinement of molecules based on residual dipolar coupling (RDC) data is proposed. It calculates RDC values using magnetic-field rotational sampling of the rotational degrees of freedom of a molecule in conjunction with molecule-internal configurational sampling. By applying rotational sampling, as is occurring in the experiment, leading to observable RDCs, the method stays close to the experiment. It avoids the use of an alignment tensor and, therefore, the assumptions that the overall rotation of the molecule is decoupled from its internal motions and that the molecule is rigid. Two simple molecules, a relatively rigid and a very flexible cyclo-octane molecule with eight aliphatic side chains containing 24 united atoms, serve as so-called “toy model” test systems. The method demonstrates the influence of molecular flexibility, force-field dominance, and the number of RDC restraints available on the outcome of structure refinement based on RDCs. Magnetic-field rotational sampling is basically equivalent but more efficient than explicitly sampling the rotational degrees of freedom of the molecule. In addition, the performance of the method is less dependent on the number NRDC of measured RDC-values available. The restraining forces bias the overall orientation distribution of the molecule correctly. This study suggests that the information content of RDCs with respect to molecular structure is limited.
Solution-processed 10 nm thick ferroelectric polymer film on a TiO2 nanolayer for flexible nonvolatile memories
Authors: Li Xinhui , Dai Xingyao , Nan Ce-Wen , Zhang Xin
Published: July 2024

Poly(vinylidene fluoride)-based ferroelectric polymers, known for their exceptional flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and ease of processing, have garnered significant attention in the field of nonvolatile data storage. However, a persistent challenge lies in their elevated driving voltage and subpar thermal stability, leading to excessive power consumption and restricted operational conditions. Herein, we propose a flexible ferroelectric random access memory (FeRAM) based on a ceramic/polymer bilayer consisting of a solution-processed ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] nanofilm on top of a TiO2 nanolayer. The polarized Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra and piezoresponse force microscopy phase signals demonstrate that the surface effect of the underlying TiO2 induces a consistent dipole orientation along the out-of-plane direction in the P(VDF-TrFE) nanofilm. These aligned dipoles in the P(VDF-TrFE) can be efficiently switched by a low driving voltage of 5 V while maintaining a high thermal stability exceeding 100 °C. Furthermore, the FeRAM based on the TiO2/P(VDF-TrFE) bilayer exhibits a remarkable storage density of approximately 60 GB in.–2, coupled with exceptional flexibility, high transparency, and superior read/write durability. These outstanding performances indicate that the TiO2/P(VDF-TrFE) bilayer holds significant potential for applications in high-density information storage within flexible electronics.
Effects of neutral gas pressure on calibration parameters of resistive bolometer sensors in fusion devices
Authors: Meister H. , Jahanbakhsh S. , Zhang D. , Ingesson L.C. , Pataki A.
Published: July 2024

Ambient pressure may influence the thermal path between the absorber and heat sink of resistive bolometers and thus impact the calibration parameters. This effect is investigated for metal resistive bolometer sensors as used in bolometer diagnostics on fusion experiments. Measurements in the test facility IBOVAC indicate that pressure has no effect up to 10−3 mbar. However, a significant change in the cooling time constant is observed for pressures above 10−2 mbar, a reduction up to a factor of three at 1 mbar. The measurements performed in N2 and He atmospheres and simulations in H2 indicate no difference between the results from different gas species up to 10−3 mbar and less than 10 % up to 0.1 mbar. A model based on the thermal conductivity of the surrounding gas combined with the geometry of the sensor holder successfully demonstrates that the additional cooling path through the gas, which may vary between the measurement and reference absorbers, can explain the measurement results. Applying the model to the geometry of a sensor holder designed for port-mounted bolometer cameras in ITER led to design modifications that should help reduce the impact of high environmental pressures on the bolometer measurements. Similarly, it can be assumed that applying the model to the geometries and sensors of operating bolometer diagnostics can help correct the measurements and improve the understanding of plasma radiation in the case of high pressures at the location of bolometer sensors.