bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Materializing France in exile: Henri, duc d’Aumale, the Orléans family and the transnational politics of collecting c. 1848–80
Authors: Stammers Tom
Published: November 2023

Between the 1848 Revolution and the Franco–Prussian War, the fallen Orléans dynasty lived in the western suburbs of London. Deprived of the throne, Louis-Philippe and his sons struggled to uphold their dignity and credentials as a ruling house. In this time of limbo, cultural pursuits—whether art collecting, exhibitions, literature—were a crucial means of integration into the elite tiers of British society. Material culture remained a central means by which the family affirmed and preserved their dual patriotic and dynastic credentials. Focusing on the collecting activities of the duc d’Aumale in London, this article explores how the experiences and opportunities of British exile profoundly shaped how the Orléans positioned themselves as custodians of French history and national identity. An act of cultural resistance against French governments that had banished and ‘denationalized’ them, art collecting offers a valuable window onto the family’s patriotic self-image and evolving political ambitions.
Russia and the liberal order: from contestation to antagonism
Authors: Morozov Viacheslav
Published: November 2023

Russia's large-scale war against Ukraine is rightfully viewed as a major violation of the fundamental norms of international society. It creates a problem for the literature on the liberal international order, which used to treat Russia as engaging in contestation—a legitimate practice which, according to some accounts, constitutes an essential aspect of any order. This article aims to develop a conceptual frame for the radical rupture resulting from the war by describing it as an expansion of antagonism. In the post-structuralist theory employed here, antagonism is always present at the margins of any order as a daily experience of failure, of the impossibility of total ordering. Russia's war started from the rhetorical negation of Ukraine's existence as a sovereign nation, but expanded into an antagonism that eventually threatens to ‘cancel’ Russia itself. To explore this case conceptually and empirically, I approach international order as a set of performative practices unfolding within a hegemonic structure. Russia is not alone in perceiving the liberal hegemony as unjust, but the expansion of antagonism on such a scale is rather unique. It can be damaging to democracy worldwide unless it is mobilized for the construction of broader anti-war coalitions.
The protection against unfair competition and passing off in ASEAN Member States: a review and commentary
Authors: Calboli Irene
Published: November 2023

This article offers a brief review of the protection against unfair competition in the Member States of the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN). More specifically, it highlights ASEAN’s different legal systems and how ASEAN Members, respectively, implement Article 10bis of the Paris Convention under national unfair competition or laws against passing off based on their respective legal system—Civil Law, Common Law and hybrid systems. Ultimately, this article notes that, despite these different legal systems, ASEAN Members share close similarities in their national implementation of Article 10bis of the Paris Convention. The article concludes that these similarities are not surprising considering the shared history of several ASEAN Members and the fact that all these countries (with the exception of Myanmar) are signatories to the major international IP agreements.
Role of transcription factor complex OsbHLH156–OsIRO2 in regulating manganese, copper, and zinc transporters in rice
Authors: Zhu Jiamei , Li Jie , Hu Xiaoying , Wang Jin , Fang Jing , Wang Shoudong , Shou Huixia
Published: November 2023

Iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) are essential micronutrients that are necessary for plant growth and development, but can be toxic at supra-optimal levels. Plants have evolved a complex homeostasis network that includes uptake, transport, and storage of these metals. It was shown that the transcription factor (TF) complex OsbHLH156–OsIRO2 is activated under Fe deficient conditions and acts as a central regulator on Strategy II Fe acquisition. In this study, the role of the TF complex on Mn, Cu, and Zn uptake was evaluated. While Fe deficiency led to significant increases in shoot Mn, Cu, and Zn concentrations, the increases of these divalent metal concentrations were significantly suppressed in osbhlh156 and osiro2 mutants, suggesting that the TF complex plays roles on Mn, Cu, and Zn uptake and transport. An RNA-sequencing assay showed that the genes associated with Mn, Cu, and Zn uptake and transport were significantly suppressed in the osbhlh156 and osiro2 mutants. Transcriptional activation assays demonstrated that the TF complex could directly bind to the promoters of OsIRT1, OsYSL15, OsNRAMP6, OsHMA2, OsCOPT1/7, and OsZIP5/9/10, and activate their expression. In addition, the TF complex is required to activate the expression of nicotianamine (NA) and 2'-deoxymugineic acid (DMA) synthesis genes, which in turn facilitate the uptake and transport of Mn, Cu, and Zn. Furthermore, OsbHLH156 and OsIRO2 promote Cu accumulation to partially restore the Fe-deficiency symptoms. Taken together, OsbHLH156 and OsIRO2 TF function as core regulators not only in Fe homeostasis, but also in Mn, Cu, and Zn accumulation.
Deubiquitination of SARM1 by USP13 regulates SARM1 activation and axon degeneration
Authors: Yue Wenkai , Zhang Kai , Jiang Mingsheng , Long Wenjing , Cui Jihong , Li Yunxia , Zhang Yaoyang , Li Ang , Fang Yanshan
Published: November 2023

Sterile alpha and Toll/interleukin 1 receptor motif-containing protein 1 (SARM1) is regarded as a key protein and a central executor of the self-destruction of injured axons. To identify novel molecular players and understand the mechanisms regulating SARM1 function, we investigated the interactome of SARM1 by proximity labeling and proteomic profiling. Among the SARM1-associated proteins, we uncovered that overexpression (OE) of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 13 (USP13) delayed injury-induced axon degeneration. OE of an enzyme-dead USP13 failed to protect injured axons, indicating that the deubiquitinase activity of USP13 was required for its axonal protective effect. Further investigation revealed that USP13 deubiquitinated SARM1, which increased the inhibitory interaction between the N-terminal armadillo repeat motif (ARM) and C-terminal Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domains of the SARM1 protein, thereby suppressing SARM1 activation in axon injury. Collectively, these findings suggest that increase of USP13 activity enhances the self-inhibition of SARM1, which may provide a strategy to mitigate axon degeneration in injury and disease.
Methanol isotopologues as a probe for spatial and temporal variations of the electron-to-proton mass ratio
Authors: Vorotyntseva J S , Kozlov M G , Levshakov S A
Published: November 2023

We present results on numerical calculations of the sensitivity coefficients, Qμ, of microwave molecular transitions in 13CH3OH and ${\rm CH_3\, ^{18}OH}$ to the hypothetical variation in the fundamental physical constant μ – the electron-to-proton mass ratio. The invariability of μ in time and space is one of the basic assumptions of the Standard Model of particle physics which can be tested at cosmological scales by means of astronomical observations in the Galaxy and external galaxies. Our calculations show that these two methanol isotopologues can be utilized for such tests since their microwave transitions from the frequency interval 1–100 GHz exhibit a large spread in Qμ values which span a range of −109 ≲ Qμ ≲ 78. We show that the thermal emission lines of 13CH3OH observed in the star-forming region NGC 6334I constrain the variability of μ at a level of 3 × 10−8 (1σ), which is in line with the most stringent upper limits obtained previously from observations of methanol (CH3OH) and other molecules in the Galaxy.
On the feasibility of primordial black hole abundance constraints using lensing parallax of GRBs
Authors: Gawade Priyanka , More Surhud , Bhalerao Varun
Published: November 2023

Primordial black holes, which could have formed during the early Universe through overdensities in primordial density fluctuations during inflation, are potential candidates for dark matter. We explore the use of lensing parallax of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), which results in different fluxes being observed from two different vantage points, in order to probe the abundance of primordial black holes in the unexplored window within the mass range 10−15 to 10−11 $\mathrm{ {M}_\odot}$. We derive the optical depth for the lensing of GRBs with a distribution of source properties and realistic detector sensitivities. We comment on the ability of the proposed Indian twin satellite mission Daksha in its low Earth orbit to conduct this experiment. If the two Daksha satellites observe 10 000 GRBs simultaneously and the entirety of dark matter is made up of 10−15 to 10−12 $\mathrm{ {M}_\odot}$ black holes, Daksha will detect non-zero lensing events with a probability ranging from 80 to 50 per cent at the bin edges, respectively. Non-detections will not conclusively rule out primordial black holes as dark matter in this mass range. However, we show that meaningful constraints can be obtained in such a case if the two satellites are separated by at least the Earth–Moon distance.
Star formation history of the post-collisional Cartwheel galaxy using AstroSat/UVIT FUV images
Authors: Mayya Y D , Barway Sudhanshu , Gómez-González V M A , Zaragoza-Cardiel J
Published: November 2023

We present the results obtained by analysing the new AstroSat Ultra-Violet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) far-ultraviolet (FUV) image of the collisional-ring galaxy Cartwheel. The FUV emission is principally associated with the star-forming outer ring, with no ultraviolet detection from the nucleus and inner ring. A few sources are detected in the region between the inner and the outer rings, all of which lie along the spokes. The FUV fluxes from the detected sources are combined with aperture-matched multiband photometric data from archival images to explore the post-collision star formation history of the Cartwheel. The data were corrected for extinction using AV derived from the Balmer decrement ratios and commonly used extinction curves. We find that the ring regions contain stellar populations of a wide range of ages, with the bulk of the FUV emission coming from non-ionizing stars, formed over the last 20–150 Myr, that are ∼25 times more massive than the ionizing populations. On the other hand, regions belonging to the spokes have negligible current star formation, with the age of the dominant older population systematically increasing as its distance from the outer ring increases. The presence of populations of a wide range of ages in the ring suggests that the stars formed in the wave in the past were dragged along it to the current position of the ring. We derive an average steady star formation rate, SFR = 5 ${\rm M}_{\odot }\, {\rm yr}^{-1}$, over the past 150 Myr, with an increase to ∼18 ${\rm M}_{\odot }\, {\rm yr}^{-1}$ in the recent 10 Myr.
Massive star formation in the hub–filament system of RCW 117
Authors: Seshadri Arun , Vig S , Ghosh S K , Ojha D K
Published: November 2023

We present a multiwavelength investigation of the hub–filament system RCW 117 (IRAS 17059-4132), which shows intricate filamentary features in the far-infrared, mapped using Herschel images. We obtain the column density and dust temperature maps for the region using the Herschel images and identify 88 cores and 12 filaments from the column density map of the region (18 arcmin × 18 arcmin). We employ the ThrUMMS 13CO (J = 1–0) data for probing the kinematics in RCW 117, and find velocity gradients (∼0.3–1 km s−1 pc−1) with hints of matter inflow along the filamentary structures. Ionized gas emission from the associated H ii region is examined using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) at 610 and 1280 MHz and is found to be of extent 5 × 3 pc2 with intensity being brightest towards the hub. We estimate the peak electron density towards the hub to be ∼750 cm−3. Thirty-four Class 0/I young stellar objects (YSOs) have been identified in the region using the Spitzer GLIMPSE colour–colour diagram, with many lying along the filamentary structures. Based on the (i) presence of filamentary structures, (ii) distribution of cores across the region, with ∼39 per cent found along the filamentary structures, (iii) massive star formation tracers in the hub, and (iv) the kinematics, we believe that global hierarchical collapse can plausibly explain the observed features in RCW 117.
VLA monitoring of LS V +44 17 reveals scatter in the X-ray–radio correlation of Be/X-ray binaries
Authors: van den Eijnden J , Rouco Escorial A , Alfonso-Garzón J , Miller-Jones J C A , Kretschmar P , Fürst F , Degenaar N , Hernández Santisteban J V , Sivakoff G R , Russell T D , Wijnands R
Published: November 2023

LS V +44 17 is a persistent Be/X-ray binary (BeXRB) that displayed a bright, double-peaked period of X-ray activity in late 2022/early 2023. We present a radio monitoring campaign of this outburst using the Very Large Array. Radio emission was detected, but only during the second, X-ray brightest, peak, where the radio emission followed the rise and decay of the X-ray outburst. LS V +44 17 is therefore the third neutron star BeXRB with a radio counterpart. Similar to the other two systems (Swift J0243.6+6124 and 1A 0535+262), its X-ray and radio luminosity are correlated: we measure a power-law slope $\beta = 1.25^{+0.64}_{-0.30}$ and a radio luminosity of LR = (1.6 ± 0.2) × 1026 erg s−1 at a 0.5–10 keV X-ray luminosity of 2 × 1036 erg s−1 (i.e. $\sim 1~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$LEdd). This correlation index is slightly steeper than measured for the other two sources, while its radio luminosity is higher. We discuss the origin of the radio emission, specifically in the context of jet launching. The enhanced radio brightness compared to the other two BeXRBs is the first evidence of scatter in the giant BeXRB outburst X-ray–radio correlation, similar to the scatter observed in subclasses of low-mass X-ray binaries. While a universal explanation for such scatter is not known, we explore several options: we conclude that the three sources do not follow proposed scalings between jet power and neutron star spin or magnetic field, and instead briefly explore the effects that ambient stellar wind density may have on BeXRB jet luminosity.
The AGN fraction in high-redshift protocluster candidates selected by Planck and Herschel
Authors: Gatica Caleb , Demarco Ricardo , Dole Hervé , Polletta Maria , Frye Brenda , Martinache Clement , Rettura Alessandro
Published: November 2023

A complete understanding of the mass assembly history of structures in the Universe requires the study of the growth of galaxies and their supermassive black holes (SMBHs) as a function of their local environment over cosmic time. In this context, it is important to quantify the effects that the early stages of galaxy cluster development have on the growth of SMBHs. We used a sample of Herschel/SPIRE sources of ∼ 228 red and compact Planck-selected protocluster (PC) candidates to estimate the active galactic nuclei (AGNs) fraction from a large sample of galaxies within these candidates. We estimate the AGN fraction by using the mid-infrared (mid-IR) photometry provided by the WISE/AllWISE data of ∼650 counterparts at high redshifts. We created an AllWISE mid-IR colour–colour selection using a clustering machine learning algorithm and two WISE colour cuts using the 3.4 $\mu$m (W1), 4.6 $\mu$m (W2), and 12 $\mu$m (W3) passbands, to classify sources as AGN. We also compare the AGN fraction in PCs with that in the field to better understand the influence of the environment on galaxy development. We found an AGN fraction of fAGN = 0.113 ± 0.03 in PC candidates and an AGN fraction of fAGN = 0.095 ± 0.013 in the field. We also selected a subsample of ‘red’ SPIRE subsample with a higher overdensity significance, obtaining fAGN = 0.186 ± 0.044, versus fAGN = 0.037 ± 0.010 of ‘non-red sources’, consistent with higher AGN fractions for denser environments. We conclude that our results point towards a higher AGN fraction in PCs, similar to other studies.
TIC 378898110: A bright, short-period AM CVn binary in TESS
Authors: Green Matthew J , Hermes J J , Barlow Brad N , Marsh T R , Pelisoli Ingrid , Gänsicke Boris T , Kaiser Ben C , Romero Alejandra , Amaral Larissa Antunes , Corcoran Kyle , Grupe Dirk , Kennedy Mark R , Kepler S O , Munday James , Ashley R P , Baran Andrzej S , Breedt Elmé , Brown Alex J , Dhillon V S , Dyer Martin J , Kerry Paul , King George W , Littlefair S P , Parsons Steven G , Sahman David I
Published: November 2023

AM CVn-type systems are ultracompact, helium-accreting binary systems that are evolutionarily linked to the progenitors of thermonuclear supernovae and are expected to be strong Galactic sources of gravitational waves detectable to upcoming space-based interferometers. AM CVn binaries with orbital periods ≲20–23 min exist in a constant high state with a permanently ionized accretion disc. We present the discovery of TIC 378898110, a bright (G = 14.3 mag), nearby (309.3 ± 1.8 pc), high-state AM CVn binary discovered in TESS two-minute-cadence photometry. At optical wavelengths, this is the third-brightest AM CVn binary known. The photometry of the system shows a 23.07172(6) min periodicity, which is likely to be the ‘superhump’ period and implies an orbital period in the range 22–23 min. There is no detectable spectroscopic variability. The system underwent an unusual, year-long brightening event during which the dominant photometric period changed to a shorter period (constrained to 20.5 ± 2.0 min), which we suggest may be evidence for the onset of disc-edge eclipses. The estimated mass transfer rate, $\log (\dot{M} / \mathrm{M_\odot } \, \mathrm{yr}^{-1}) = -6.8 \pm 1.0$, is unusually high and may suggest a high-mass or thermally inflated donor. The binary is detected as an X-ray source, with a flux of $9.2 ^{+4.2}_{-1.8} \times 10^{-13}$ erg cm−2 s−1 in the 0.3–10 keV range. TIC 378898110 is the shortest-period binary system discovered with TESS, and its large predicted gravitational-wave amplitude makes it a compelling verification binary for future space-based gravitational wave detectors.
Period evolution of repeating transients in galactic nuclei
Authors: Linial Itai , Quataert Eliot
Published: November 2023

Wide-field surveys have recently detected recurring optical and X-ray sources near galactic nuclei, with period spanning hours to years. These phenomena could result from repeated partial tidal disruptions of stars by supermassive black holes (SMBHs) or by interaction between star and SMBH-accretion discs. We study the physical processes that produce period changes in such sources, highlighting the key role of the interaction between the orbiting star and the accretion disc. We focus on ASASSN-14ko – a repeatedly flaring optical source with a mean period $P_0 = 115 \, \rm d$ and a detected period decay $\dot{P} = -2.6\times 10^{-3}$ (Payne et al. 2022). We argue that the system’s $\dot{P}$ is most compatible with true orbital decay produced by hydrodynamical drag as a star passes through the accretion disc on an inclined orbit, twice per orbit. The star is likely a sun-like star whose envelope is somewhat inflated, possibly due to tidal heating. Star–disc interaction inevitably leads to drag-induced stripping of mass from the star, which may be the dominant component in powering the observed flares. We discuss ASASSN-14ko’s possible formation history and observational tests of our interpretation of the measured $\dot{P}$. Our results imply that partial tidal disruption events manifesting as repeating nuclear transients cannot be modelled without accounting for the cumulative impact of tidal heating over many orbits. We discuss the implications of our results for other repeating transients, and predict that the recurrence time of quasi-periodic eruptions is expected to decay at a rate of the order of $|\dot{P}| \approx 10^{-6}-10^{-5}$.
Rural Identity and LGBT Public Opinion in the United States
Authors: Thompson Jack
Published: November 2023

Opposition to LGBT rights remains a contemporary fixture within the United States in spite of increasingly liberalizing attitudes toward LGBT individuals. In this paper, I argue that a potentially overlooked factor driving this opposition is rural identity—or an individual’s psychological attachment to a rural area. Using data from the 2020 ANES, I find that rural identity predicts less favorable estimations of LGBT individuals. Rural identifiers are also less likely to support pro-LGBT policy measures than nonrural identifiers. Nevertheless, I find the magnitude of the effects of rural identity on anti-LGBT views to be surprisingly small. It is also the case that, on average, rural identifiers exhibit net-positive estimations of LGBT individuals and are broadly supportive of LGBT rights, suggesting that elected officials enacting anti-LGBT legislation in rural areas of the United States are potentially out of step with the preferences of their electorate. These findings also have implications for what it means to hold a rural identity beyond a generalized animosity toward urban areas, and for understanding urban-rural divergences in US public opinion on issues such as LGBT rights.
Long-Term Stability of Cord Blood Units After 29 Years of Cryopreservation: Follow-Up Data From the José Carreras Cord Blood Bank
Authors: Liedtke Stefanie , Többen Sabine , Gressmann Holger , Meyer Andrea , Verde Pablo E , Gluckman Eliane , Kogler Gesine
Published: November 2023

The José Carreras Cord Blood Bank (CBB) located in Düsseldorf as of today stores 21 215 active cryopreserved cord blood units (CBUs) applicable as a source for hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation. Since the success of transplantation outcomes is mainly dependent on the cord blood quality, typical parameters are evaluated by a Stability Monitoring Program specified by the FACT Standards. The longest expiration time determined to date is 29 years for unseparated units, 25 years for manual and 18 years for automated volume-reduced units licensed by the Paul-Ehrlich Institute. According to the CBB stability program TNC count, TNC recovery, TNC viability, CD34+7AAD− viability, CD45+7AAD− viability and CFC count were determined for all 3 processing methods applied over time. As a measure of stability, unseparated units (processed 1993-1998) revealed a mean TNC viability of 88.91 ± 5.01% after 29 years of cryopreservation versus manual volume-reduced CBUs (processed 1998-2005) with a mean of 84.22 ± 10.02% after 25 years of cryopreservation versus automated volume-reduced CBUs (processed since 2005) with a mean of 88.64.91 ± 3.91% after 18 years of cryopreservation. In addition, these relevant parameters were retrospectively analyzed for released transplants in correlation to the storage time. Moreover, the follow-up data of recipients from CBUs cryopreserved directly (unseparated) versus CBUs cryopreserved after manual versus automated volume-reduction are presented here demonstrating an earlier engraftment in both volume-reduced groups as compared to unseparated CBUs. By this retrospective analysis, key questions are discussed regarding cord blood parameters in relation to processing methods, engraftment, and patient age (children and adults).
3D Spheroids Facilitate Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Hepatocyte-Like Cells via p300-Mediated H3K56 Acetylation
Authors: Yu Yanrong , Huang Haina , Ye Junsong , Li Yumei , Xie Renjian , Zeng Liping , Huang Yushan , Zeng Tai , Luo Dan , Zhong Jianing , Peng Weijie
Published: November 2023

Hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) that are differentiated from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) provide a valuable resource for drug screening and cell-based regeneration therapy. Differentiating HLCs into 3D spheroids enhances their phenotypes and functions. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying MSCs hepatogenic differentiation are not fully understood. In this study, we generated HLCs from human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSCs) in both 2D and 3D cultures. We performed an acetyl-proteomics assay on the HLCs derived from both 2D and 3D differentiation and identified a differential change in H3K56 acetylation between the 2 differentiated cells. Our findings revealed that 3D differentiation activated ALB gene transcription by increasing the acetylation level of H3K56, thereby enhancing the phenotypes and functions of HLCs and further promoting their maturation. Notably, inhibiting p300 reduced the acetylation level of H3K56 during hepatogenic differentiation, leading to decreased phenotypes and functions of HLCs, whereas activation of p300 promoted hepatogenic differentiation, suggesting that p300 plays a critical role in this process. In summary, our study demonstrates a potential mechanism through which 3D spheroids differentiation facilitates hADMSCs differentiation into HLCs by promoting p300-mediated H3K56 acetylation, which could have significant clinical applications in liver regeneration and disease modeling.
Refuge for Rover: A Social Return on Investment of a Program Assisting Victim–Survivors of Domestic and Family Violence with Their Pets
Authors: Ma Gemma Catherine , Ravulo Jioji , McGeown Ursula
Published: November 2023

Pets are likely to be present in as many as 70 percent of domestic and family violence (DFV) cases, and the bond between victim–survivors and their animals can be particularly strong. Animals can also be victims of DFV, and concern for their animal’s safety can cause victims to delay leaving their abusive situations. Programs like the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals New South Wales Domestic Violence Program, which provide temporary accommodation for pets, can enable victim–survivors and their children to plan their escape and access safety. This article evaluated the program using social return on investment methodology. Evidence on outcomes experienced by three stakeholder groups were collected from 15 stakeholder interviews and 37 program client questionnaires. Concern for their animals had caused 54 percent of clients to delay leaving their abusive situation, most for six months or more. Program clients, their children, and their animals experienced improved safety, mental health and well-being, and physical health because of the program. The alternative described by clients was often homelessness or living in their car. In total an estimated AUD$9.65 of social value was created for every AUD$1 invested into the program.
Territorial Expansionists and Troublesome Locals: Daniel Clark at New Orleans and John Christian Schultz at Red River
Authors: Vernet Julien
Published: November 2023

The United States and Canada began major efforts to acquire territory in North America’s interior in the nineteenth century. In 1803, the United States purchased approximately 827,192 square miles of territory from France. Canada began to govern 1,409,900 square miles of territory known as Rupert’s Land in 1869. Historical accounts of American and Canadian officials’ efforts in Washington and Ottawa to obtain these vast territories are abundant. Historians have devoted less attention, however, to expansionists who supported American expansion in Louisiana and Canadian expansion in Rupert’s Land. Daniel Clark, U.S. Consul to New Orleans, used his office to promote American acquisition of Spanish Louisiana. Canadian John Christian Schultz, an influential “doctor” and businessperson at Red River, became the owner of the only newspaper in the settlement and used it to advocate for Canadian possession of Rupert’s Land. Clark arrived in Louisiana from Ireland in 1786 and Schultz from Upper Canada between 1859 and 1861. Clark and Schultz were opportunists who understood that American and Canadian territorial ambitions presented them with opportunities to advance their business and political careers. Far less important to both men were the futures of other residents of New Orleans and Red River. Clark and Schultz for example, both argued that representative local government should not be immediately introduced in their regions.
Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System for Acute Liver Failure in a New Pediatric-Based Extracorporeal Liver Support Program
Authors: Baker David R. , Mac Helen , Steinman Benjamin , Soshnick Sara H. , Frager Shalom Z. , Goilav Beatrice , Kogan-Liberman Debora , Ovchinsky Nadia , Shlomovich Mark
Published: November 2023

IMPORTANCE:

Acute liver failure (ALF) carries significant morbidity and mortality, for both pediatric and adult patients. Albumin dialysis via the molecular adsorbent recirculating system (MARS) is a form of extracorporeal liver support (ELS) that can reduce hepatic encephalopathy (HE), a main driver of mortality in ALF. However, data on MARS and its benefit on mortality have been inconsistent.

OBJECTIVES:

We sought to report our experiences and patient outcomes from the first 2 years of operation of a new ELS program, within an established pediatric liver transplantation center.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:

Retrospective review of outcomes in pediatric and adult patients treated with MARS therapy for ALF, from 2021 to 2022.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES:

Outcomes included reduction in HE and biochemical markers of ALF after MARS therapy, survival, and transplant-free survival. Comparisons were made via Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

RESULTS:

Five pediatric and two adult patients underwent MARS for ALF. Ages ranged from 2 to 29 years. Overall, 21 MARS runs were performed (median 3 runs per patient, 12.4 hr per run [interquartile range, IQR 10.1–17]). Overall survival was 85.7%, and transplant-free survival was 71.4%. There was a statistically significant reduction in HE score with MARS therapy (median 3 [IQR 3–4] to 1 [IQR 0–1], p = 0.03), and in ALF biomarkers including ammonia (256 µL/dL [195–265] to 75 µL/dL [58–101], p = 0.02), aspartate aminotransferase (6,362 U/L [920–8,305] to 212 U/L [72–431], p = 0.02), alanine aminotransferase (8,362 U/L [3,866–9,189] to 953 U/L [437–1,351], p = 0.02), and international normalized ratio (4.5 [3.3–6.7] to 1.3 [1.2–1.4], p = 0.02).

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE:

MARS therapy for ALF was well tolerated by both pediatric and adult patients, and resulted in significant improvement in clinical and biochemical parameters. We demonstrated encouraging overall and transplant-free survival, suggesting that early initiation of MARS with relatively long and frequent cycle times may be of significant benefit to ALF patients, and is worthy of additional study in larger cohorts.
Arterial stiffness of the aorta and iliofemoral artery and their responses to nitroglycerin administration in myocardial infarction-prone Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits
Authors: Katsuda Shin-ichiro , Horikoshi Yuko , Shiomi Masashi , Kitajima Shuji , Ito Toshiro , Hazama Akihiro , Shimizu Tsuyoshi , Shirai Kohji
Published: November 2023

Objectives:

The role of hypercholesterolemia in arterial stiffness, which usually reflects the progression of atherosclerosis has not been fully investigated. To clarify the meaning of arterial stiffness in hypercholesterolemia, we evaluated arterial stiffness in myocardial infarction-prone Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHLMI) rabbits by using new arterial stiffness indices of the aorta and common iliac to femoral artery. The new arterial stiffness indices of both arteries were determined by the application of the theory of cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) to the aorta (aBeta) and ilio-femoral artery (ifBeta). Furthermore, the responses of both indices to nitroglycerin (NTG) administration were compared between WHHHMI and normal rabbits.

Design and methods:

aBeta and ifBeta of WHHLMI and normal rabbits were measured under anesthesia. Pulse wave velocity in the whole aorta (aPWV) and ilio-femoral artery (ifPWV), blood pressure, and other parameters were measured before and after administration of NTG (50–120 μg/kg/min) every 1 for 5 min.

Results:

Atherosclerotic lesions were observed in the aorta, but a little in the ilio-femoral artery in WHHLMI rabbits. Compared with normal rabbits, aBeta was significantly higher, but ifBeta was lower in WHHLMI rabbits. When NTG was administered, ifBeta decreased significantly in both groups; however, aBeta increased in normal rabbits, but remained unchanged in WHHIMI rabbits.

Conclusion:

These findings suggested that hereditary hypercholesterolemia in rabbits did not uniformly enhance arterial stiffness in elastic artery and muscular artery. The responses to NTG were also different between two arteries. The mechanism of these different responses needs further studies.
Midlife hypertension is a risk factor for some, but not all, domains of cognitive decline in later life: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Joyce Oisín Cormac , McHugh Clíodhna , Mockler David , Wilson Fiona , Kelly Áine M.
Published: November 2023

Introduction:

Management of midlife blood pressure and hypertension status may provide a window of intervention to mitigate cognitive decline with advancing age. The aim of this review was to investigate the relationship between midlife hypertension and cognition in midlife and later life.

Methods:

Online electronic databases were searched from their inception to May 2022. Studies assessing midlife (40–65 years) hypertension and cognition at mid and/or later-life were included. A random effects meta-analysis was deemed appropriate.

Results:

One hundred forty-nine studies across 26 countries were included. Qualitative synthesis found negative relationships between midlife hypertension and later life cognition in the domains of memory, executive function, and global cognition. Metanalytical evidence revealed midlife hypertension negatively impacts memory, executive function, and global cognition but had no observed effect on attention at midlife.

Discussion:

Hypertension at midlife has a significant negative impact on cognition in mid-life and later life, namely memory, executive function, and global cognition.
Effect of vault on predicting postoperative refractive error for posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens based on a machine learning model
Authors: Jiang Yinjie , Shen Yang , Wang Lin , Chen Xun , Tang Jing , Liu Liu , Ma Tong , Ju Lie , Chen Yuzhong , Ge Zongyuan , Zhou Xingtao , Wang Xiaoying
Published: November 2023

Purpose:

To investigate how vault and other biometric variations affect postoperative refractive error of implantable collamer lenses (ICLs) by integrating artificial intelligence and modified vergence formula.

Setting:

Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Design:

Artificial intelligence and big data-based prediction model.

Methods:

2845 eyes that underwent uneventful spherical ICL or toric ICL implantation and with manifest refraction results 1 month postoperatively were included. 1 eye of each patient was randomly included. Random forest was used to calculate the postoperative sphere, cylinder, and spherical equivalent by inputting variable ocular parameters. The influence of predicted vault and modified Holladay formula on predicting postoperative refractive error was analyzed. Subgroup analysis of ideal vault (0.25 to 0.75 mm) and extreme vault (<0.25 mm or >0.75 mm) was performed.

Results:

In the test set of both ICLs, all the random forest-based models significantly improved the accuracy of predicting postoperative sphere compared with the Online Calculation & Ordering System calculator (P < .001). For ideal vault, the combination of modified Holladay formula in spherical ICL exhibited highest accuracy (R = 0.606). For extreme vault, the combination of predicted vault in spherical ICL enhanced R values (R = 0.864). The combination of predicted vault and modified Holladay formula was most optimal for toric ICL in all ranges of vault (ideal vault: R = 0.516, extreme vault: R = 0.334).

Conclusions:

The random forest-based calculator, considering vault and variable ocular parameters, illustrated superiority over the existing calculator on the study datasets. Choosing an appropriate lens size to control the vault within the ideal range was helpful to avoid refractive surprises.
Immersive virtual reality simulation training for cesarean section: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kim Hyeon Ji , Lee Hee Kyeong , Jang Ji Yeon , Lee Kyong-No , Suh Dong Hoon , Kong Hyoun-Joong , Lee Seung-Hee , Park Jee Yoon
Published: November 2023

Background:

Cesarean section (CS) is a complex surgical procedure that involves many steps and requires careful precision. Virtual reality (VR) simulation has emerged as a promising tool for medical education and training, providing a realistic and immersive environment for learners to practice clinical skills and decision-making. This study aimed to evaluate the educational effectiveness of a VR simulation program in training the management of patients with premature rupture of membranes (PROM) and CS.

Materials and Methods:

A two-arm parallel randomized controlled trial was conducted with 105 eligible participants randomly assigned to the VR group (n=53) or the control group (n=52) in a 1:1 ratio. The VR group received VR simulation training focused on PROM management and CS practice, while the control group watched a video presentation with narrative of clinical scenario and recording of CS. Both groups completed questionnaires assessing their prior experiences with VR, experience in managing patients with PROM and performing CS, as well as their confidence levels. These questionnaires were administered before and after the intervention, along with a mini-test quiz.

Results:

Baseline characteristics and previous experiences were comparable between the two groups. After the intervention, the VR group had higher confidence scores in all four aspects, including managing patients with PROM, performing CS as an operator, and understanding the indications and complications of CS, compared to the control group. The VR group also achieved significantly higher scores on the mini-test quiz [median (interquartile range), 42 (37–48) in the VR group; 36 (32–40) in the control group, P<0.001].

Conclusion:

VR simulation program can be an effective educational tool for improving participants’ knowledge and confidence in managing patients with PROM and performing CS.
A decision tree model to help treatment decision-making for severe spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Wang Kaiwen , Liu Qingyuan , Mo Shaohua , Zheng Kaige , Li Xiong , Li Jiangan , Chen Shanwen , Tong Xianzeng , Cao Yong , Li Zhi , Wu Jun , Wang Shuo
Published: November 2023

Background:

Surgical treatment demonstrated a reduction in mortality among patients suffering from severe spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SSICH). However, which SSICH patients could benefit from surgical treatment was unclear. This study aimed to establish and validate a decision tree (DT) model to help determine which SSICH patients could benefit from surgical treatment.

Materials and methods:

SSICH patients from a prospective, multicenter cohort study were analyzed retrospectively. The primary outcome was the incidence of neurological poor outcome (modified Rankin scale as 4-6) on the 180th day post-hemorrhage. Then, surgically-treated SSICH patients were set as the derivation cohort (from a referring hospital) and validation cohort (from multiple hospitals). A DT model to evaluate the risk of 180-day poor outcome was developed within the derivation cohort and validated within the validation cohort. The performance of clinicians in identifying patients with poor outcome before and after the help of the DT model was compared using the area under curve (AUC).

Results:

1260 SSICH patients were included in this study (middle age as 56, and 984 male patients). Surgically-treated patients had a lower incidence of 180-day poor outcome compared to conservatively-treated patients (147/794 vs. 128/466, P<0.001). Based on 794 surgically-treated patients, multivariate logistic analysis revealed the ischemic cerebro-cardiovascular disease history, renal dysfunction, dual antiplatelet therapy, hematoma volume, and Glasgow coma score at admission as poor outcome factors. The DT model, incorporating these above factors, was highly predictive of 180-day poor outcome within the derivation cohort (AUC, 0.94) and validation cohort (AUC, 0.92). Within 794 surgically-treated patients, the DT improved junior clinicians’ performance to identify patients at risk for poor outcomes (AUC from 0.81 to 0.89, P<0.001).

Conclusions:

This study provided a DT model for predicting the poor outcome of SSICH patients post-surgically, which may serve as a useful tool assisting clinicians in treatment decision-making for SSICH.
Predictive models in chronic kidney disease: essential tools in clinical practice
Authors: Spasiano Andrea , Benedetti Claudia , Gambaro Giovanni , Ferraro Pietro Manuel
Published: November 2023

Purpose of review

The integration of risk prediction in managing chronic kidney disease (CKD) is universally considered a key point of routine clinical practice to guide time-sensitive choices, such as dialysis access planning or counseling on kidney transplant options. Several prognostic models have been developed and validated to provide individualized evaluation of kidney failure risk in CKD patients. This review aims to analyze the current evidence on existing predictive models and evaluate the different advantages and disadvantages of these tools.

Recent findings

Since Tangri et al. introduced the Kidney Failure Risk Equation in 2011, the nephrological scientific community focused its interest in enhancing available algorithms and finding new prognostic equations. Although current models can predict kidney failure with high discrimination, different questions remain unsolved. Thus, this field is open to new possibilities and discoveries.

Accurately informing patients of their prognoses can result in tailored therapy with important clinical and psychological implications. Over the last 5 years, the number of disease-modifying therapeutic options has considerably increased, providing possibilities to not only prevent the kidney failure onset in patients with advanced CKD but also delay progression from early stages in at-risk individuals.
Adrenal Suppression in Children During the Treatment for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Beyond Induction
Authors: Fortin-Boudreault Renée-Pier , Ahmet Alexandra , Lawrence Sarah , Schlosser Mary-Pat , Bassal Mylène
Published: November 2023

Background:

Adrenal suppression (AS) is an iatrogenic, life-threatening condition that can occur after glucocorticoid exposure. Despite recognition that AS occurs after induction phase treatment in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the risk of AS in phases beyond induction is unknown. We conducted a pilot study in pediatric patients with ALL to ascertain whether the risk of AS persists in post-induction phases of treatment.

Procedure:

Patients diagnosed between 12 months to younger than 18 years with B or T-ALL and starting any new phase of treatment were eligible for the study. Relapsed or infant ALL were excluded. Low dose ACTH stimulation testing (LDST), measurement of albumin and cortisol binding globulin were performed in all patients. Screening for symptoms of AS was done.

Results:

Twenty-four patients enrolled in the study. One was diagnosed with clear AS. Five others had a borderline cortisol peak, representing possible mild AS. Symptoms were nonspecific and did not help distinguish patients with normal LDST from those with borderline or abnormal results.

Conclusion:

Patients on treatment for ALL continue to be at risk of AS beyond induction treatment. Although this risk appears small, physicians must be vigilant as patients may be asymptomatic but could develop adrenal crisis during treatment.
Nurses Job Crafting
Authors: Khattab Sabrein Mahmoud Ali Khalifa , Sorour Marwa Samir , Abdelaliem Sally Mohammed Farghaly
Published: November 2023

AIM

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between nurses' job crafting, organizational identification, and work attachment.

BACKGROUND

Job crafting is a proactive activity in which nurses adapt the physical, cognitive, or social aspects of their jobs to make them more meaningful. Nurses are considered fundamental healthcare stakeholders who are able to transform initiatives implemented by the healthcare organization into valuable work outcomes. Nurses' perceptions of their jobs shape the community's opinion toward an organization.

METHODS

This is a descriptive correlational study. Two hundred seventy nurses were recruited from 1 governmental hospital in Egypt. Respondents completed the self-administered, printed questionnaires. Measures included job crafting, organizational identification, and work attachment questionnaires. Findings were investigated via descriptive and inferential statistics.

RESULTS

Over half of the nurses reported a moderate level of job crafting, whereas none of the nurses reported a high level of organizational identification. More than half of the nurses reported low levels of work attachment.

CONCLUSION

Job crafting is significantly related to nurses' organizational identification and work attachment.
Methods of Teaching Transgender Health in Undergraduate Nursing Programs
Authors: Lim Fidelindo , Eda Ozkara San
Published: November 2023

Background:

Transgender populations experience disproportionately higher rates of mental and physical health issues such as suicidality and heart disease than their cisgender counterparts. Education of health professions students and providers is recognized as an effective method in mitigating transgender health disparities.

Purpose:

This narrative review investigated the methods in which transgender health is taught in undergraduate nursing programs. Suggestions for optimizing transgender health education are presented.

Method:

This review critically appraised and synthesized 28 articles that met these inclusion criteria: articles in English describing teaching strategies used in transgender health education with samples that include undergraduate nursing students.

Results:

Didactic lecture is the most widely used method, followed by role-play simulation, use of film and video, guest presentation, and high-fidelity and standardized patient simulation.

Conclusion:

Lectures remain the dominant method of delivering transgender health content. Improvements in students' knowledge and attitude related to transgender care were noted posteducation.
Metachronously Occurring Carcinomas of Different Histological Types in Bilateral Parotid Glands
Authors: Im Yeon Hee , Park Eun Su , Nam Inn-Chul
Published: November 2023

The occurrence of multiple malignant tumors with varying histological characteristics in bilateral parotid glands has never been documented previously in the literature. Here, the authors present a noteworthy case of a patient who exhibited the sequential development of primary carcinomas, each displaying distinct histologic types within the bilateral parotid glands. This case concerns a 57-year-old male patient who initially underwent surgery, followed by adjuvant radiotherapy, for squamous cell carcinoma diagnosed in the right parotid gland. Approximately 3 years after this treatment, a novel salivary duct carcinoma emerged within the left parotid gland, prompting a second round of surgical intervention, again followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. Subsequently, a recurrent tumor was identified within the left Stensen duct, necessitating additional surgical intervention. While monitoring for recurrence or metastases remains an important aspect of post-treatment care for salivary gland cancer, it is also imperative to consider the potential for developing a second primary salivary gland cancer.