bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does Employee Relationship Quality Influence Employee Well‐Being? An Empirical Analysis Based on Manufacturing and Service Industries
Authors: Chen Hong , Wei Jia , Wang Ke , Peng Yi
Published: June 2016

This study developed employee well‐being (EWB) and employee‐relationship scales (including six parts, employee‐superior, employee‐subordinate, employee‐organization, employee‐coworker, employee‐family, and employee‐friend) through considering the management situation in China and the integrity of the construct. According to an empirical analysis based on manufacturing and service industries (N = 571), this study explored the influence of employee relationship quality (ERQ) on EWB through Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. According to the results, in terms of relationships inside work, the dimensions of all ERQ types had positive correlations with EWB. The degree of stability of a relationship outside work, such as employee‐family and the employee‐friend, was found to have negative effects on EWB. Regardless of whether they are general employees or leadership employees, the employee‐superior relationship was the principal factor that influenced EWB. These results provide new insights into employee relationship management and EWB promotion.
Quantitative IR microscopy and spectromics open the way to 3D digital pathology
Authors: Bobroff Vladimir , Chen Hsiang‐Hsin , Delugin Maylis , Javerzat Sophie , Petibois Cyril
Published: June 2016

Currently, only mass‐spectrometry (MS) microscopy brings a quantitative analysis of chemical contents of tissue samples in 3D. Here, the reconstruction of a 3D quantitative chemical images of a biological tissue by FTIR spectro‐microscopy is reported. An automated curve‐fitting method is developed to extract all intense absorption bands constituting IR spectra. This innovation benefits from three critical features: (1) the correction of raw IR spectra to make them quantitatively comparable; (2) the automated and iterative data treatment allowing to transfer the IR‐absorption spectrum into a IR‐band spectrum; (3) the reconstruction of an 3D IR‐band matrix (x, y, z for voxel position and a 4th dimension with all IR‐band parameters). Spectromics, which is a new method for exploiting spectral data for tissue metadata reconstruction, is proposed to further translate the related chemical information in 3D, as biochemical and anatomical tissue parameters. An example is given with oxidative stress distribution and the reconstruction of blood vessels in tissues. The requirements of IR microscopy instrumentation to propose 3D digital histology as a clinical routine technology is briefly discussed.

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Bifocal primary pancreatic Burkitt's lymphoma in a 4‐year‐old child
Authors: Shapira Gali , Fisher Yael , Ilivitzki Anat
Published: June 2016

Pancreatic tumors are uncommon in children and rarely result in biliary obstruction. Primary pancreatic Burkitt's lymphoma is an exceptionally rare entity with only a few cases described in the literature. We present a case of a bifocal primary pancreatic Burkitt's lymphoma in a 4‐year‐old child presenting with jaundice. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45:171–174, 2017
Characterization of Arginine Kinase in the Barnacle Amphibalanus Amphitrite and Its Role in the Larval Settlement
Authors: Zhang Gen , Yan Guo‐Yong , Yang Xiao‐Xue , Wong Yue‐Him , Sun Jin , Zhang Yu , He Li‐Sheng , Xu Ying , Qian Pei‐Yuan
Published: June 2016

Energy metabolism is a key process in larval settlement of barnacles, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain ambiguous. Arginine kinase (AK) mainly participates in energy metabolism in invertebrates. So far, its roles in barnacles have not been studied. In the present study, we raised an antibody against AK from Amphibalanus amphitrite Darwin to characterize the roles of AK in the larval settlement process. Among the developmental stages, AK was highly expressed during the cypris stage. Along with the aging process in cyprids, the level of AK decreased. The immunostaining results showed that AK was localized to muscular tissues in cyprids, including antennules, antennular muscles, and thoracic limbs. The larval settlement rate decreased and larval movement was inhibited in response to treatments with high concentrations of AK inhibitors (rutin and quercetin). These results demonstrated that AK was involved in the larval settlement of A. amphitrite through mediating energy supply in muscle tissues. Moreover, further analysis indicated that both the p38 MAPK and NO/cGMP pathways positively mediated the expression of AK in cyprids.
Links between Evolution, Development, Human Anatomy, Pathology, and Medicine, with A Proposition of A Re‐defined Anatomical Position and Notes on Constraints and Morphological “Imperfections”
Authors: Diogo Rui , Molnar Julia
Published: June 2016

Surprisingly the oldest formal discipline in medicine (anatomy) has not yet felt the full impact of evolutionary developmental biology. In medical anatomy courses and textbooks, the human body is still too often described as though it is a “perfect machine.” In fact, the study of human anatomy predates evolutionary theory; therefore, many of its conventions continue to be outdated, making it difficult to study, understand, and treat the human body, and to compare it with that of other, nonbipedal animals, including other primates. Moreover, such an erroneous view of our anatomy as “perfect” can be used to fuel nonevolutionary ideologies such as intelligent design. In the section An Evolutionary and Developmental Approach to Human Anatomical Position of this paper, we propose the redefinition of the “human standard anatomical position” used in textbooks to be consistent with human evolutionary and developmental history. This redefined position also simplifies, for students and practitioners of the health professions, the study and learning of embryonic muscle groups (each group including muscles derived from the same/ontogenetically closely related primordium/primordia) and joint movements and highlights the topological correspondence between the upper and lower limbs. Section Evolutionary and Developmental Constraints, “Imperfections” and Sports Pathologies continues the theme by describing examples of apparently “illogical” characteristics of the human body that only make sense when one understands the developmental and evolutionary constraints that have accumulated over millions of years. We focus, in particular, on musculoskeletal functional problems and sports pathologies to emphasize the links with pathology and medicine. These examples demonstrate how incorporating evolutionary theory into anatomy education can be helpful for medical students, teachers, researchers, and physicians, as well as for anatomists, functional morphologists, and evolutionary and developmental biologists.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activities of Novel 2‐[substituted‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl] Benzothiazoles, Benzoxazoles, and Benzimidazoles
Authors: Padalkar Vikas S. , Borse Bhushan N. , Gupta Vinod D. , Phatangare Kiran R. , Patil Vikas S. , Sekar Nagaian
Published: June 2016

In an endeavor to find a new class of antimicrobial agents, a series of novel substituted benzimidazole, benzoxazole, and benzothiazole derivatives 6 containing pyrazole moiety have been synthesized by reaction of 3‐aryl‐4‐formyl pyrazole 4 with substituted phenylenediamine or o‐aminophenol or o‐aminothiophenol 5. Reaction of phenyl hydrazine or 2‐hydrazinopyridine 1 with substituted acetophenones 2 gave the corresponding hydrazones 3, which on Vilsmeier–Haack reaction with POCl3–DMF gave substituted 3‐aryl‐4‐formyl pyrazoles 4. All final compounds 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, 6e, 6f, 6g, 6h, 6i, 6j, 6k were evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus strains and in vitro antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger strains by using serial dilution method. The antimicrobial activities were expressed as the minimum inhibitory concentration in µg/mL. The compound containing benzimidazole and benzoxazole moiety gave better antibacterial and antifungal activities than benzothiazole compounds.
Candidate gene approach identifies six SNPs in tenascin‐C (TNC) associated with degenerative rotator cuff tears
Authors: Kluger Rainer , Burgstaller Joerg , Vogl Claus , Brem Gottfried , Skultety Michal , Mueller Simone
Published: June 2016

Evidence for a heritable predisposition to rotator cuff tears (RCTs) is growing. Unrelated Caucasian individuals with surgically diagnosed full thickness RCTs (cases) and elderly Caucasian controls with intact rotator cuffs were screened for differences at the candidate genes: TNC, Col5A1, TIMP‐1, MMP‐1, MMP‐2, MMP‐3, MMP‐9, and MMP‐13. A first cohort (59 cases; 32 controls) was genotyped with the Sequenom MassARRAY iPLEX system. Of 142 SNPs within about 67–kbp of the TNC gene, 30 were tested for differences in proportions between cases and controls. A second, matched cohort (96 patients; 44 controls) was also genotyped for the same 30 SNPs, but with the KASP™ genotyping technology. Combining the two cohorts and after Bonferroni correction, six SNPs were significantly associated with RCT. Compared to controls, RCT patients showed a significantly higher rate of homozygosity at rs72758637, rs7021589, and rs1138545; a significantly higher rate of heterozygosity at rs10759753, rs3789870, and rs7035322 and a higher minor allele frequency at rs3789870. Rs1138545, a missense SNP in exon10 might be of biological significance because it varies the amino acid sequence close to the TNC‐FNIII5 domain. The FNIII5 domain binds multiple growth factors and co‐ligates with integrins during tendon healing. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:894–901, 2017.
Microwave flow and conventional heating effects on the physicochemical properties, bioactive compounds and enzymatic activity of tomato puree
Authors: Arjmandi Mitra , Otón Mariano , Artés Francisco , Artés‐Hernández Francisco , Gómez Perla A , Aguayo Encarna
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUND

Thermal processing causes a number of undesirable changes in physicochemical and bioactive properties of tomato products. Microwave (MW) technology is an emergent thermal industrial process that offers a rapid and uniform heating, high energy efficiency and high overall quality of the final product. The main quality changes of tomato puree after pasteurization at 96 ± 2 °C for 35 s, provided by a semi‐industrial continuous microwave oven (MWP) under different doses (low power/long time to high power/short time) or by conventional method (CP) were studied.

RESULTS

All heat treatments reduced colour quality, total antioxidant capacity and vitamin C, with a greater reduction inCPthan inMWP. On the other hand, use of anMWP, in particular high power/short time (1900 W/180 s, 2700 W/160 s and 3150 W/150 s) enhanced the viscosity and lycopene extraction and decreased the enzyme residual activity better than withCPsamples. For tomato puree, polygalacturonase was the more thermo‐resistant enzyme, and could be used as an indicator of pasteurization efficiency.

CONCLUSION

MWPwas an excellent pasteurization technique that provided tomato puree with improved nutritional quality, reducing process times compared to the standard pasteurization process. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Development of soybeans with low P34 allergen protein concentration for reduced allergenicity of soy foods
Authors: Watanabe Daisuke , Adányi Nóra , Takács Krisztina , Maczó Anita , Nagy András , Gelencsér Éva , Pachner Martin , Lauter Kathrin , Baumgartner Sabine , Vollmann Johann
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUND

In soybean, at least 16 seed proteins have been identified as causing allergenic reactions in sensitive individuals. As a soybean genebank accession low in the immunodominant protein P34 (Gly m Bd 30K) has recently been found, introgression of the low‐P34 trait into adapted soybean germplasm has been attempted in order to improve the safety of food products containing soybean protein. Therefore, marker‐assisted selection and proteomics were applied to identify and characterize low‐P34 soybeans.

RESULTS

In low‐P34 lines selected from a cross‐population, concentrations of the P34 protein as identified with a polyclonal antibody were reduced by 50–70% as compared to P34‐containing controls. Using 2D electrophoresis and immunoblotting, the reduction of P34 protein was verified in low‐P34 lines. This result was confirmed by liquid chromatographic–tandem mass spectrometric analysis, which revealed either a reduction or complete absence of the authentic P34 protein as suggested from presence or absence of a unique peptide useful for discriminating between conventional and low‐P34 lines.

CONCLUSION

Marker‐assisted selection proved useful for identifying low‐P34 soybean lines for the development of hypoallergenic soy foods. The status of the P34 protein in low‐P34 lines needs further characterization. In addition, the food safety relevance of low‐P34 soybeans should be tested in clinical studies. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Association of symmetrical alkane diols with pyridine: DFT/GIAO calculation of 1H NMR chemical shifts
Authors: Lomas John S. , Joubert Laurent , Maurel François
Published: June 2016

Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) shifts of the free diol and of its 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 hydrogen‐bonded complexes with pyridine have been computed for five symmetrical alkane diols on the basis of density functional theory, by applying the gauge‐including atomic orbital method to geometry‐optimized conformers. For certain conformers, intramolecular OH···OH interactions, evidenced by high NMR OH proton shifts, are further enhanced on going from the free diol to the corresponding 1 : 1 diol/pyridine complex. This is confirmed by atoms‐in‐molecules and non‐covalent interaction plots. The computed OH and CH proton shifts for the diol and the two complexes correlate well with values obtained by analysing data from the NMR titration of the diols in benzene against pyridine. Shift values for the diols in neat pyridine are calculated by weighting the shifts of the various protons in the three forms (free diol, 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 diol/pyridine complexes) according to the experimentally determined association constants. The results are in good agreement with those observed, and after empirical scaling, the root mean square difference is 0.18 ppm. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sex determination and gender expression: Reproductive investment in snails
Authors: Koene Joris M.
Published: June 2016

Sex determination is generally seen as an issue of importance for separate‐sexed organisms; however, when considering other sexual systems, such as hermaphroditism, sex allocation is a less‐binary form of sex determination. As illustrated here, with examples from molluscs, this different vantage point can offer important evolutionary insights. After all, males and females produce only one type of gamete, whereas hermaphrodites produce both. In addition, sperm and accessory gland products are donated bidirectionally. For reciprocal mating, this is obvious since sperm are exchanged within one mating interaction; but even unilaterally mating species end up mating in both sexual roles, albeit not simultaneously. With this in mind, I highlight two factors that play an important role in how reproductive investment is divided in snails: First, the individual's motivation to preferentially donate rather than receive sperm (or vice versa) leads to flexible behavioral performance, and thereby investment, of either sex. Second, due to the presence of both sexual roles within the same individual, partners are potentially able to influence investment in both sexual functions of their partner to their own benefit. The latter has already led to novel insights into how accessory gland products may evolve. Moreover, the current evidence points towards different ways in which allocation to reproduction can be changed in simultaneous hermaphrodites. These often differ from the separate‐sexed situation, highlighting that comparison across different sexual systems may help identify commonalities and differences in physiological, and molecular mechanisms as well as evolutionary patterns. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 84: 132–143, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gravitational Waves Detected with Help from High‐Purity Quartz Glass
Authors: Takke Ralf , Rollmann Klaus , Wetterau Jörg
Published: June 2016

A super‐high‐tech material made of quartz glass for gravitational wave detectors contributed to the proof of Einstein's general theory of relativity. In February 2016, experts from the Laser Interferometer Gravitational‐Wave Observatory LIGO Scientific Collaboration in the United States announced their sensational detection of gravitational waves, a discovery sure to be the basis for a Nobel Prize. The researchers struck gold with the help of a pair of enormous L‐shaped antennas, one in Livingston, Louisiana, the other in Hanford, Washington.

The scientists detected a faint ripple in space‐time and recorded signals caused by the merger of two black holes. The discovery was made by the LIGO Scientific Collaboration which includes the German‐British GEO Collaboration, the Australian Consortium for Interferometric Gravitational Astronomy and the Virgo Collaboration of Italy, France and others, using data from the two LIGO gravitational wave detectors.
Effects of Recycling on the Mechanical Behavior of Polypropylene at Room Temperature Through Statistical Analysis Method
Authors: Khademi Fatemeh , Ma Yongsheng , Ayranci Cagri , Choi Keith , Duke Kajsa
Published: June 2016

This article reports the effects of recycled material percentage, annealing conditions, and glass fiber percentage on the mechanical behavior of injection molded polypropylene samples. Specimens were prepared with different percentages of recycled material ranging from 0 to 100%. Two groups of samples, i.e., non‐annealed and annealed at 150°C, were tested to investigate annealing effects. The effects of adding fiber (0–7.5%) to specimens was also investigated. It was found that increasing the amount of recycled material improves the material properties in a non‐linear trend. Annealing had a significant positive effect on both non‐fiber‐added and fiber‐added samples: it improved the yield stress of non‐reinforced polypropylene samples by more than 10% and their Young's modulus by about 50%. Fiber‐added materials showed more variability, and adding fiber also improved the Young's modulus and the yield stress of the samples by about 50%. The results indicate that the three factors investigated improved toughness of the injected polypropylene samples; however the effects are not significant. The study findings reveal that using recycled polypropylene has no significant effect on the material properties of polypropylene. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 56:1283–1290, 2016 © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
New crosslinked N‐vinylpyrrolidone copolymers: Synthesis and sorptive properties
Authors: Batueva T.D. , Gorbunova M.N. , Scherban M.G. , Vaulina V.N.
Published: June 2016

The crosslinked copolymers of N‐vinylpyrrolidone with 1,4‐(N,N′‐bismaleimido)benzol and with trimethoxyvinylsilane were synthesized by free radical copolymerization. The copolymers were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and thermal analysis. The values of specific surface area and porosity of the copolymers were determined with use of low‐temperature adsorption. Sorption capacity of the copolymers toward Re (VII), Mo (VI), and W(VI) ions was investigated and was found to depend strongly on the pH. A possibility to separate Re(VII) and Mo(VI) ions with use of the copolymers under investigation in their combined presence in neutral and alkaline media was shown. Moreover, in the conjoined presence of Mo(VI) and W(VI) ions at pH 5–14, tungsten(VI) can be separated from molybdenum(VI) with the copolymer of N‐vinylpyrrolidone with trimethoxyvinylsilane. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 56:1303–1312, 2016. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Patients with oesophageal cancer report elevated distress and problems yet do not have an explicit wish for referral prior to receiving their medical treatment plan
Authors: Jacobs M. , Anderegg M. C. J , Schoorlemmer A. , Nieboer D. , Steyerberg E. W. , Smets E. M. A. , Sprangers M. A. G. , van Berge Henegouwen M. I. , de Haes J. C. J. M. , Klinkenbijl J. H.
Published: June 2016

Objective

This study aims to identify patients with oesophageal cancer's level of distress, type of problems, and wish for referral prior to treatment. To identify the clinical relevance of patients with oesophageal cancer's level of distress and type of problems, we build models to predict elevated distress, wish for referral, and overall survival.

Methods

We implemented the Distress Thermometer and Problem List in daily clinical practice. A score of ≥5 on the Distress Thermometer reflected elevated distress. We first created an initial model including predictors based on the literature. We then added predictors to the initial model to create an extended model based on the sample data. We used the ‘least absolute shrinkage and selection operator’ to define our final model.

Results

We obtained data from 187 patients (47.9%, of 390 eligible patients with oesophageal cancer) which were similar to non‐respondents in their demographic and clinical characteristics. One‐hundred thirteen (60%) patients reported elevated distress. The five most frequently reported problems were as follows: eating, tension, weight change, fatigue, and pain. Most patients did not have a wish for referral. Predictors for elevated distress were as follows: being female, total number of practical, emotional, and physical problems, pain, and fatigue. For referral, we identified age, the total number of emotional problems, the level of distress, and fear. The level of distress added prognostic information in a model to predict overall survival.

Conclusions

Patients with oesophageal cancer report elevated distress and a myriad of problems yet do not have an explicit wish for referral prior to receiving their medical treatment plan. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fear of cancer recurrence: a theoretical review and its relevance for clinical presentation and management
Authors: Simonelli Laura E. , Siegel Scott D. , Duffy Nicole M.
Published: June 2016

Background

There is increasing recognition of the unique physical and psychosocial concerns of the growing population of cancer survivors. An emerging literature demonstrates that fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is a problematic long‐term and late effect for cancer survivors. In fact, FCR is a top concern, and this article provides a necessary synthesis of the extant research evidence and theory.

Methods

Literature searches were conducted using databases including MEDLINE and PsychINFO using specified search terms including ‘fear of recurrence’ and ‘worry about recurrence’. A comprehensive narrative review summarizes early empirical findings on FCR including current definitions, assessment tools, clinical presentations, quality of life impact, prevalence, trajectory and risk factors. This paper also critically reviews the relevant theoretical frameworks to best understand these findings and considers multiple psychosocial treatment models that may have relevance for addressing FCR in the clinical setting.

Results

There is evidence of substantial prevalence and quality of life impact of FCR. Several theories (e.g. self‐regulation model of illness, a family‐based model, uncertainty in illness theory, social‐cognitive processing theory, terror management theory) directly or indirectly help conceptualize FCR and inform potential treatment options for those with clinically significant distress or impairment resulting from FCR.

Conclusions

Further investigation into FCR is warranted to promote evidence‐based care for this significant cancer survivorship concern.
People with dementia: what is known about their experience of cancer treatment and cancer treatment outcomes? A systematic review
Authors: Hopkinson J. B. , Milton R. , King A. , Edwards D.
Published: June 2016

Objective

The objective of the study is to report a systematic review of what is currently known about the experience of cancer treatment and cancer treatment in adults with dementia.

Methods

The analytic plan and inclusion/exclusion criteria were specified in advance of the search process in a protocol.

Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library for publications about people with cancer and a pre‐existing dementia. Limits were English language; 2000 to 12/2015; adults; >18 years old.

The search identified 5214 titles and abstracts that were assessed against eligibility criteria and 101 were selected for full‐text examination by two researchers who agreed inclusion of nine papers, extracted data independently then conducted a content analysis and narrative synthesis.

Results

Nine studies conducted in four resource rich countries were included in the review. These studies evidence that when compared with other cancer patients, those with dementia are diagnosed at a later stage, receive less treatment, are more likely to experience complications from treatment and have poorer survival.

The experience of supportive care and preferences of people with dementia receiving cancer services and cancer treatment have not been investigated. Research into how the cancer team manage the particular needs of people with dementia and their family members has been limited to one study that reported how a cancer team managed the particular needs of seven people with dementia.

Conclusion

Further work is needed to establish practice guidelines for the management of cancer in people with dementia.

Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression and oxidative modifications of plasma proteins in autism spectrum disorders: Interplay between inflammatory response and lipid peroxidation
Authors: Cortelazzo Alessio , De Felice Claudio , Guerranti Roberto , Signorini Cinzia , Leoncini Silvia , Zollo Gloria , Leoncini Roberto , Timperio Anna Maria , Zolla Lello , Ciccoli Lucia , Hayek Joussef
Published: June 2016

Purpose

A role for inflammation and oxidative stress is reported in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Here, we tested possible changes in expression and/or oxidative status for plasma proteins in subjects with ASDs.

Experimental design

To evaluate protein expression and protein adducts of lipid peroxidation‐derived aldehyde, analysis of plasma proteins was performed in 30 subjects with ASDs and compared with 30 healthy controls with typical development, using a proteomic approach.

Results

Significant changes were evidenced for a total of 12 proteins. Of these, ten were identified as proteins involved in the acute inflammatory response including alpha‐2‐macroglobulin, alpha‐1‐antitrypsin, haptoglobin, fibrinogen, serum transferrin, prealbumin, apolipoprotein A‐I apolipoprotein A‐IV, apolipoprotein J, and serum albumin. In addition, significant changes occurred for two immunoglobulins alpha and gamma chains.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Our present data indicate that an inflammatory response, coupled with increased lipid peroxidation, is present in subjects with ASDs. This information can provide new insight into the identification of potential plasma protein biomarkers in autism.
Highly Skilled Migrants: Risks and Hedging Mechanisms
Authors: Bradatan Cristina
Published: June 2016

This paper focuses on the specific issues of how highly skilled migrants encounter risks and the hedging mechanisms they employ when confronted with unfriendly policies or economic downturns in a host country. The paper also serves as an introduction to a special issue of Population, Space, and Place dedicated to understanding how highly skilled migration responded in different national contexts to the first great global economic recession of the 21st century. Although the individual papers do not necessarily employ a comparative perspective, these topics are explored in four different settings (UK, US, Israel, and Canada), allowing readers to see how the history and characteristics of the host country influence the issues facing skilled migrants Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Model‐Based Assessment of Alternative Study Designs in Pediatric Trials. Part I: Frequentist Approaches
Authors: Smania G , Baiardi P , Ceci A , Magni P , Cella M
Published: June 2016

Alternative designs can increase the feasibility of pediatric trials when compared to classical parallel designs (PaD). In this work we present a model‐based approach based on clinical trial simulations for the comparison of PaD with the alternative sequential, crossover, and randomized withdrawal (RWD) designs. Study designs were evaluated in terms of: type I and II errors, sample size per arm (SS), trial duration (TD), treatment exposures, and parameter estimate precision (EP). The crossover requires the lowest SS and TD, although it implies higher placebo and no treatment exposures. RWD maximizes exposure to active treatment while minimizing that to placebo, but requires the largest SS. SS of sequential designs can sometimes be smaller than the crossover one, although with poorer EP. This pharmacometric framework allows a multiscale comparison of alternative study designs that can be used for design selection in future pediatric trials.
Comparing two treatments by decision theory
Authors: Longford Nicholas T.
Published: June 2016

Decision theory is applied to the general problem of comparing two treatments in an experiment with subjects assigned to the treatments at random. The inferential agenda covers collection of evidence about superiority, non‐inferiority and average bioequivalence of the treatments. The proposed approach requires defining the terms ‘small’ and ‘large’ to qualify the magnitude of the treatment effect and specifying the losses (or loss functions) that quantify the consequences of the incorrect conclusions. We argue that any analysis that ignores these two inputs is deficient, and so is anyad hocway of taking them into account. Sample size calculation for studies intended to be analysed by this approach is also discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monte Carlo Bayesian inference on a statistical model of sub‐gridcolumn moisture variability using high‐resolution cloud observations. Part 2: Sensitivity tests and results
Authors: Norris Peter M. , da Silva Arlindo M.
Published: June 2016

Part 1 of this series presented a Monte Carlo Bayesian method for constraining a complex statistical model of global circulation model (GCM) sub‐gridcolumn moisture variability using high‐resolution Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) cloud data, thereby permitting parameter estimation and cloud data assimilation for large‐scale models. This article performs some basic testing of this new approach, verifying that it does indeed reduce mean and standard deviation biases significantly with respect to the assimilated MODIS cloud optical depth, brightness temperature and cloud‐top pressure and that it also improves the simulated rotational–Raman scattering cloud optical centroid pressure (OCP) against independent (non‐assimilated) retrievals from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). Of particular interest, the Monte Carlo method does show skill in the especially difficult case where the background state is clear but cloudy observations exist. In traditional linearized data assimilation methods, a subsaturated background cannot produce clouds via any infinitesimal equilibrium perturbation, but the Monte Carlo approach allows non‐gradient‐based jumps into regions of non‐zero cloud probability. In the example provided, the method is able to restore marine stratocumulus near the Californian coast, where the background state has a clear swath. This article also examines a number of algorithmic and physical sensitivities of the new method and provides guidance for its cost‐effective implementation. One obvious difficulty for the method, and other cloud data assimilation methods as well, is the lack of information content in passive‐radiometer‐retrieved cloud observables on cloud vertical structure, beyond cloud‐top pressure and optical thickness, thus necessitating strong dependence on the background vertical moisture structure. It is found that a simple flow‐dependent correlation modification from Riishojgaard provides some help in this respect, by better honouring inversion structures in the background state.
Savouring and Self‐compassion as Protective Factors for Depression
Authors: Ford Justin , Klibert Jeffrey J. , Tarantino Nicholas , Lamis Dorian A.
Published: June 2016

Within positive psychology, researchers and clinicians vocalize the need to expand upon how the treatment for major depressive disorder is conceptualized and implemented. The impetus of the current study was to examine preliminary criteria for identifying savouring and self‐compassion as protective factors for depression. Undergraduate students (N = 133) completed a series of surveys at two points in time, 5 weeks apart. Results revealed that savouring and self‐compassion were inversely related to depression scores cross‐sectionally and prospectively. However, savouring was the only positive psychological variable to predict changes in depression scores across time. Cross‐sectionally, savouring was also found to moderate the relation between negative life events and depression, such that the strength of the relation between negative life events and depression decreased when higher savouring was present. However, this same effect was not significant prospectively. There was no evidence, cross‐sectionally or prospectively, that self‐compassion moderated the relation between negative life events and depression. Taken together, results provide preliminary support for savouring as a protective factor for depressive symptoms. Mental health professionals should consider teaching savouring strategies to help at‐risk clients stimulate and sustain positive affect as a means of preventing and reducing depressive symptoms. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Redox‐Triggered Release of Moxifloxacin from Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Functionalized with Disulfide Snap‐Tops Enhances Efficacy Against Pneumonic Tularemia in Mice
Authors: Lee Bai‐Yu , Li Zilu , Clemens Daniel L. , Dillon Barbara Jane , Hwang Angela A. , Zink Jeffrey I. , Horwitz Marcus A.
Published: June 2016

Effective and rapid treatment of tularemia is needed to reduce morbidity and mortality of this potentially fatal infectious disease. The etiologic agent, Francisella tularensis, is a facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen which infects and multiplies to high numbers in macrophages. Nanotherapeutics are particularly promising for treatment of infectious diseases caused by intracellular pathogens, whose primary host cells are macrophages, because nanoparticles preferentially target and are avidly internalized by macrophages. A mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN) has been developed functionalized with disulfide snap‐tops that has high drug loading and selectively releases drug intracellularly in response to the redox potential. These nanoparticles, when loaded with Hoechst fluorescent dye, release their cargo exclusively intracellularly and stain the nuclei of macrophages. The MSNs loaded with moxifloxacin kill F. tularensis in macrophages in a dose‐dependent fashion. In a mouse model of lethal pneumonic tularemia, MSNs loaded with moxifloxacin prevent weight loss, illness, and death, markedly reduce the burden of F. tularensis in the lung, liver, and spleen, and are significantly more efficacious than an equivalent amount of free drug. An important proof‐of‐principle for the potential therapeutic use of a novel nanoparticle drug delivery platform for the treatment of infectious diseases is provided.
The Intentional Design of a SoTL Initiative
Authors: Amundsen Cheryl , Emmioglu Esma , Hotton Veronica , Hum Gregory , Xin Cindy
Published: June 2016

This chapter describes a SoTL program at Simon Fraser University that focuses on the importance of analyzing the internal coherence and alignment of the program design and the thinking underpinning the design as the first steps in evaluating effectiveness or impact.
The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) at Renaissance College (University of New Brunswick): A Case Study of SoTL at the Faculty Level
Authors: Mengel Thomas
Published: June 2016

This chapter presents the case study of Renaissance College at the University of New Brunswick, discussing the faculty's achievements, challenges, and outlook for the future in the context of the scholarship of teaching and learning in Canada.
SoTL2: Inquiring into the Impact of Inquiry
Authors: Miller‐Young Janice , Yeo Michelle , Manarin Karen , Carey Miriam , Zimmer Jim
Published: June 2016

This chapter briefly describes the SoTL research development program and context at Mount Royal University, reports initial results from a study of the program's impact on participants’ teaching and scholarly activities, and situates the findings regarding individual impact, department‐level impact, institution‐level impact, and discipline‐level impact within the current literature and the Canadian context.
Reconceptualizing the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning at the University of Waterloo: An Account of Influences and Impact
Authors: Timmermans Julie A. , Ellis Donna E.
Published: June 2016

In this chapter, we reflect on and analyze the impact of a confluence of events that led us to reconceptualize our approach to supporting the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning at our institution.
The Role of Small Significant Networks and Leadership in the Institutional Embedding of SoTL
Authors: Verwoord Roselynn , Poole Gary
Published: June 2016

Drawing on the concepts of emergent and appointed leadership, this article expands on the role of social networks in SoTL (Roxå and Mårtensson , ; Williams et al. ) by examining the nature of these networks, relationships between these networks, and support for them, in order to theorize how institutions can foster cultural change to support SoTL.
Building Sustained Action: Supporting an Institutional Practice of SoTL at the University of Guelph
Authors: Kenny Natasha , Watson Gavan P. L. , Desmarais Serge
Published: June 2016

This chapter examines how SoTL has been integrated and supported at the University of Guelph based on three catalysts: (1) leadership commitment, (2) reward and recognition, and (3) integrated networks for sustained development.
Synthesizing SoTL Institutional Initiatives toward National Impact
Authors: Simmons Nicola
Published: June 2016

This chapter draws on other authors’ ideas in this issue, describing parallels and outlining distinctions toward a synthesized model for the development of SoTL initiatives at the institutional level and beyond.
Theoretical study of crystal phase effect in heterogeneous catalysis
Authors: Liu Jin‐Xun , Li Wei‐Xue
Published: June 2016

Density functional theory (DFT) is a powerful tool to study heterogeneous catalysis nowadays. In past decades, numerous DFT calculations have been conducted to investigate the mechanism of catalytic reaction from which the rationale of catalyst design can be revealed. Because the catalyst electronic and geometric structures determine the intrinsic activity, corresponding composition, size, and morphology have been explored extensively to tune the structure–activity relationship for higher activity and selectivity. In this review, we focus on the recent theoretical progress of the crystal phase effect on catalysis. Catalysts with different crystal phases have different symmetries, and could expose very different facets with distinct electronic and geometrical properties, which would have significant influential on the activity and selectivity of the active sites as well as the site density. Exploration of the dependence of catalysis on the crystal phases provides a new rationale of catalysts design toward a high‐specific activity. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2016, 6:571–583. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1267

This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Reaction Mechanisms and Catalysis
Left Behind? Citizen Responsiveness to Government Performance Information
Authors: HOLBEIN JOHN
Published: June 2016

Do citizens respond to policy-based information signals about government performance? Using multiple big datasets—which link for the first time large-scale school administrative records and individual validated voting behavior—I show that citizens react to exogenous school failure signals provided by No Child Left Behind. These signals cause a noticeable increase in turnout in local school board elections and increase the competitiveness of these races. Additionally, I present evidence that school failure signals cause citizens to vote with their feet by exiting failing schools, suggesting that exit plays an underexplored role in democratic accountability. However, performance signals elicit a response unequally, with failure primarily mobilizing high propensity citizens and encouraging exit among those who are white, affluent, and more likely to vote. Hence, while performance signals spur a response, they do so only for a select few, leaving many others behind.
Refugee Repatriation and the Problem of Consent
Authors: Gerver Mollie
Published: June 2016

Over the past decade, millions of refugees have fled their countries of origin and asked for asylum abroad. Some of these refugees do not receive asylum, but are not deported. Instead they are detained, or denied basic rights of residency, some forced into enclosed camps. Hoping to escape such conditions, they wish to return to unsafe countries, and ask for help from non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. In such cases, should NGOs and the UN assist refugees to return? Drawing on original data gathered in South Sudan, and existing data from around the world, I argue that they should assist with return if certain conditions are met. First, the UN and NGOs must try to put an end to coercive conditions before helping with return. Secondly, helping with return must not encourage the government to expand the use of coercive policies to encourage more to return. Finally, NGOs and the UN must ensure that refugees are fully informed of the risks of returning. Organizations must either conduct research in countries of origin or lobby the government to allow refugees to visit their countries of origin before making a final decision.
Equivariant Maps from Stiefel Bundles to Vector Bundles
Authors: Singh Mahender
Published: June 2016

Let E → B be a fibre bundle and let Eʹ → B be a vector bundle. Let G be a compact Lie group acting fibre preservingly and freely on both E and Eʹ – 0, where 0 is the zero section of Eʹ → B. Let f : E → Eʹ be a fibre-preserving G-equivariant map and let Zf = {x ∈ E | f(x) = 0} be the zero set of f. In this paper we give a lower bound for the cohomological dimension of the zero set Zf when a fibre of E → B is a real Stiefel manifold with a free ℤ/2-action or a complex Stiefel manifold with a free 𝕊1-action. This generalizes a well-known result of Dold for sphere bundles equipped with free involutions.
Photoperiod sensitivity affects flowering duration in wheat
Authors: JONES H. E. , LUKAC M. , BRAK B. , MARTINEZ-EIXARCH M. , ALHOMEDHI A. , GOODING M. J. , WINGEN L. U. , GRIFFITHS S.
Published: June 2016

Flowering and successful pollination in wheat are key determinants of both quantity and quality of grain. Bread wheat line ‘Paragon’, introgressed with single or multiple daylength insensitivity alleles was used to dissect the effects on the timing and duration of flowering within a hierarchical plant architecture. Flowering of wheat plants was observed in a series of pot-based and field experiments. Ppd-D1a was the most potent known allele affecting the timing of flowering, requiring the least thermal time to flowering across all experiments. The duration of flowering for individual lines was dominated by the shift in the start of flowering in later tillers and the number of tillers per plant, rather than variation in flowering duration of individual spikes. There was a strong relationship between flowering duration and the start of flowering with the earliest lines flowering for the longest. The greatest flowering overlap between tillers was recorded for the Ppd-1b. Across all lines, a warmer environment significantly reduced the duration of flowering and the influence of Ppd-1a alleles on the start of flowering. These findings provide evidence of pleiotropic effects of the Ppd-1a alleles, and have direct implications for breeding for increased stress resilient wheat varieties.
Particle position and velocity measurement in dusty plasmas using particle tracking velocimetry
Authors: Feng Yan , Goree J. , Haralson Zach , Wong Chun-Shang , Kananovich A. , Li Wei
Published: June 2016

Methods of imaging and image analysis are presented for dusty plasma experiments. Micron-sized polymer spheres, electrically suspended in a partially ionized gas, are illuminated by a sheet of laser light and imaged by video cameras. Image analysis methods yield particle positions and velocities of individual particles in each video image. Methods to minimize errors in the particle positions and velocities, which are now commonly used in the dusty plasma community, are described.
Neural architecture of the “transient” ON directionally selective (class IIb1) ganglion cells in rabbit retina, partly co-stratified with starburst amacrine cells
Authors: FAMIGLIETTI EDWARD V.
Published: June 2016

Recent physiological studies coupled with intracellular staining have subdivided ON directionally selective (DS) ganglion cells of rabbit retina into two types. One exhibits more “transient” and more “brisk” responses (ON DS-t), and the other has more “sustained’ and more “sluggish” responses (ON DS-s), although both represent the same three preferred directions and show preference for low stimulus velocity, as reported in previous studies of ON DS ganglion cells in rabbit retina. ON DS-s cells have the morphology of ganglion cells previously shown to project to the medial terminal nucleus (MTN) of the accessory optic system, and the MTN-projecting, class IVus1 cells have been well-characterized previously in terms of their dendritic morphology, branching pattern, and stratification. ON DS-t ganglion cells have a distinctly different morphology and exhibit heterotypic coupling to amacrine cells, including axon-bearing amacrine cells, with accompanying synchronous firing, while ON DS-s cells are not coupled. The present study shows that ON DS-t cells are morphologically identical to the previously well-characterized, “orphan” class IIb1 ganglion cell, previously regarded as a member of the “brisk-concentric” category of ganglion cells. Its branching pattern, quantitatively analyzed, is similar to that of the morphological counterparts of X and Y cells, and very different from that of the ON DS-s ganglion cell. Close analysis of the dendritic stratification of class IIb1 ganglion cells together with fiducial cells indicates that they differ from that of the ON DS-s cells. In agreement with one of the three previous studies, class IIb1/ON DS-t cells, unlike class IVus1/ON DS-s ganglion cells, in the main do not co-stratify with starburst amacrine cells. As the present study shows, however, portions of their dendrites do deviate from the main substratum, coming within range of starburst boutons. Parsimony favors DS input from starburst amacrine cells both to ON DS-s and to ON DS-t ganglion cells, given the similarity of their DS responses, but further studies will be required to substantiate the origin of the DS responses of ON DS-t cells. Previously reported OFF DS responses in ON DS-t cells, unmasked by pharmacological agents, and mediated by gap junctions with amacrine cells, suggests an unusual trans-sublaminar organization of directional selectivity in the inner plexiform layer, connecting sublamina a and sublamina b.