bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sorafenib treatment following hematopoietic stem cell transplant in pediatric FLT3/ITD acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Tarlock Katherine , Chang Bill , Cooper Todd , Gross Thomas , Gupta Sumit , Neudorf Steven , Adlard Kathleen , Ho Phoenix A. , McGoldrick Suzanne , Watt Tanya , Templeman Tina , Sisler India , Garee Amy , Thomson Blythe , Woolfrey Ann , Estey Elihu , Meshinchi Soheil , Pollard Jessica A.
Published: February 2015

Background

FLT3/ITD is associated with poor outcomes in adult and pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can improve cure rates, however relapse is still common. Recent studies demonstrate the activity of FLT3 inhibitors, including sorafenib, in targeting the underlying mutation.

Procedure

We conducted a retrospective study of 15 pediatric patients with FLT3/ITD+ AML treated with sorafenib within 18 months after receiving HSCT. Sorafenib was administered either as prophylaxis in patients considered at very high risk for relapse (n = 6) or at the time of disease recurrence (n = 9).

Results

Sorafenib was initiated at a median of 100 days post HSCT. Overall, 11/15 (73%) of patients experienced medically significant toxicities. Among patients who experienced toxicity, 6/11 (55%) received treatment at doses above what was later determined to be the maximum tolerated dose of sorafenib for pediatric leukemia. Importantly, sorafenib did not appear to exacerbate graft versus host disease. Our findings suggest that sorafenib may be of particular efficacy in patients with minimal residual disease (MRD); all patients who received sorafenib for MRD immediately prior to transplant or with emergence post‐HSCT are alive and remain in complete remission at a median of 48 months post HSCT.

Conclusions

Our case series suggests that sorafenib administration is feasible and tolerable in pediatric FLT3/ITD+ AML patients early post HSCT. Ongoing prospective controlled studies are needed to further define the dosing of sorafenib in the post‐HSCT period and to determine the optimal context for this treatment approach. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:1048–1054. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prevalence of post‐thrombotic syndrome after cardiac catheterization
Authors: Luceri Michael J. , Tala Joana A. , Weismann Constance G. , Silva Cicero T. , Faustino E. Vincent S.
Published: February 2015

Background

As the survival of children with cardiac disease increases, chronic complications of deep venous thrombosis from cardiac catheterization, particularly post‐thrombotic syndrome, may be important to monitor for and treat, if needed. We aimed to determine the prevalence of this syndrome in children who underwent cardiac catheterization.

Procedure

We conducted a cross‐sectional study of children <18 years old at least 1 year from first catheterization through the femoral vein. We used the Manco‐Johnson instrument, the only tool validated in children, to diagnose post‐thrombotic syndrome. We defined the syndrome as a score ≥1. It was considered physically and functionally significant if the score was ≥1 in both physical and functional domains of the instrument. We also conducted ultrasonography to assess for thrombosis and valvular insufficiency.

Results

We enrolled 62 children with a median age of 4 months during catheterization and a median of 5.4 years since catheterization. A total of 40 children had post‐thrombotic syndrome (prevalence: 64.5%; 95% confidence interval: 51.3–76.3%), the majority of which were mild. Presence of cyanotic congenital heart disease, total number of catheterizations, use of antithrombotic agents at any time after the first catheterization, age at first catheterization, or time since first catheterization was not associated with the syndrome. A total of seven children (prevalence: 11.3%; 95% confidence interval: 3.2–19.4%) had physically and functionally significant syndrome. None of the children had abnormalities on ultrasonography at the time of enrollment.

Conclusions

Post‐thrombotic syndrome is a common complication after cardiac catheterization. Manifestations are usually mild and unlikely to require treatment. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:1222–1227. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of image‐defined risk factors on the outcome of patients with localised neuroblastoma. A report from the LNESG1 study of the European International Society of Paediatric Oncology Neuroblastoma Group
Authors: Monclair Tom , Mosseri Véronique , Cecchetto Giovanni , De Bernardi Bruno , Michon Jean , Holmes Keith
Published: February 2015

Background

The European multicenter study LNESG1 was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of surgical treatment alone in patients with localised neuroblastoma. In a retrospective, observational study we examined the impact of image‐defined risk factors (IDRF) on operative complications and survival (EFS and OS).

Procedure

534 patients with localised, non‐MYCN amplified neuroblastoma were recruited between 1995 and 1999. Group 1 consisted of 291 patients without IDRF (Stage L1 in the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group (INRG) staging system), all treated with primary surgery. Group 2: 118 patients with IDRF (INRG Stage L2), also treated with primary surgery. Group 3: 125 patients in whom primary surgery was not attempted, 106 receiving neo‐adjuvant chemotherapy.

Results

In L1 patients (Group 1) 5‐year EFS was 92% and OS 98%. In L2 patients (Group 2 and 3) EFS was 79% and OS 89%. The differences in both EFS and OS were significant. EFS and OS in Group 2 (86% and 95%) were significantly better than 73% and 83% in Group 3. In INSS stage 1, 2 and 3, EFS were respectively 94%, 81% and 76%. Except between stage 2 and 3 the differences were significant. OS were respectively 99%, 93% and 83%, all significantly different. The 17% operative complication rate in L2 patients was significantly higher than 5% in L1 patients.

Conclusions

In localised neuroblastoma, IDRF at diagnosis are associated with worse survival rates and higher rates of operative complications. The impact of IDRF should become an integrated part of therapy planning. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:1536–1542. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of red mud on rheological, crystalline, and mechanical properties of red mud/PBAT composites
Authors: Liu Leipeng , Zhang Yihe , Lv Fengzhu , Yang Bing , Meng Xianghai
Published: February 2015

This work presents the potential use of red mud (RM), which is a waste of industrial alumina, as a filler of a biodegradable polymer, poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT), to prepare environment friendly composite materials (RM/PBATs). The rheological properties and crystallization behavior of RM/PBAT composites with different contents of RM (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 wt%) were investigated in detail. After incorporating of RM, the crystalline temperature of PBAT was greatly improved. When the content of RM was 30 wt%, the crystalline temperature was up to 96.0°C which widened its' use. The rheological properties of the composites such as the storage modulus, loss modulus, and viscosity as well as the melting and crystalline temperature of the composites were also increased, whereas the crystallinity was slightly decreased with the increasing of RM. The prepared composite is expected in the future to be used for packaging materials. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the dispersion of RM in the PBAT matrix which had direct effect on the above properties. POLYM. COMPOS., 37:2001–2007, 2016. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Surface relief gratings inscription in linear and crosslinked azo modified epoxy‐isocyanate polymers
Authors: Sáiz Luciana M. , Ainchil Paula , Zucchi Ileana A. , Oyanguren Patricia A. , Galante María J.
Published: February 2015

This work analyses the SRG forming ability of a linear and a crosslinked polymer, both based on the same azo chromophore (Disperse Red 19, DR19) and diisocyanate (4,4'‐metilen‐bis(cyclohexyl isocyanate), DI) with similar glass transition temperature values. The effect of the experimental and geometrical parameters (such as beams polarization direction and interference pattern spacing) on the surface modulation process was examined as well. The absence of photodegradation or bleaching was corroborated by comparing Raman spectra inside and outside the SRG zone. Being a very important subject matter, the influence of crosslinking on the inscription rates and thermal stability of SRGs was investigated. Crosslinked films with an interesting modulation and good grating stability, even at high temperatures (160 °C), were obtained. Gratings shape was retained, and significant diffraction was still observed even well above the Tg of the bulk sample. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 587–594
Methanol‐induced change of the mechanism of the temperature‐ and pressure‐induced collapse of N‐Substituted acrylamide copolymers
Authors: Hofmann Christian H. , Grobelny Sebastian , Panek Paweł T. , Heinen Laura K. M. , Wiegand Ann‐Kristin , Plamper Felix A. , Jacob Christoph R. , Winter Roland , Richtering Walter
Published: February 2015

The solvation of two differently composed linear statistical copolymers from N,N‐diethyl acrylamide (DEAm) and N‐isopropyl acrylamide is studied by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. The solvent is changed from pure water to mixtures with methanol to investigate the cononsolvency effect. Furthermore, the influence of temperature and pressure is studied. The IR results are interpreted by sub‐band fitting of the amide I' band and quantum–chemical calculations. There are significant differences between the two copolymers that cannot be explained by a weighted superposition of the homopolymer spectra. An excess of DEAm units leads to a high number of nonsolvated side chains already in pure water. This high number is reached for equimolar copolymers only when methanol is added. The mechanism of the temperature‐ or pressure‐induced phase transition changes upon methanol addition for both copolymers. Generally, the phenomena are deduced to cooperativity at equimolar composition that is perturbed by methanol. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 532–544
Crystal structure of YwpF from Staphylococcus aureus reveals its architecture comprised of a β‐barrel core domain resembling type VI secretion system proteins and a two‐helix pair
Authors: Lee Sang Jae , Lee Kyu‐Yeon , Lee Ki‐Young , Kim Dong‐Gyun , Kim Soon‐Jong , Lee Bong‐Jin
Published: February 2015

The ywpF gene (SAV2097) of the Staphylococcus aureus strain Mu50 encodes the YwpF protein, which may play a role in antibiotic resistance. Here, we report the first crystal structure of the YwpF superfamily from S. aureus at 2.5‐Å resolution. The YwpF structure consists of two regions: an N‐terminal core β‐barrel domain that shows structural similarity to type VI secretion system (T6SS) proteins (e.g., Hcp1, Hcp3, and EvpC) and a C‐terminal two‐helix pair. Although the monomer structure of S. aureus YwpF resembles those of T6SS proteins, the dimer/tetramer model of S. aureus YwpF is distinct from the functionally important hexameric ring of T6SS proteins. We therefore suggest that the S. aureus YwpF may have a different function compared to T6SS proteins. Proteins 2015; 83:781–788. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Can B3LYP be improved by optimization of the proportions of exchange and correlation functionals?
Authors: Lu Lilin
Published: February 2015

B3LYP is the most famous hybrid density functional theory model, which includes Hartree–Fock exchange, local exchange, gradient exchange correction, local correlation, and gradient correlation correction. Historically, the relative weight of each component in B3LYP, which is controlled by three empirical parameters (a0, ax, ac), has not been optimized. In this work, we perform global optimization against accurate experimental reference, optimal empirical parameters, and the better version of B3LYP are obtained and denoted as OpB3LYP. The performance of OpB3LYP is widely tested over many species and chemical properties, the results show that the computational accuracy is significantly improved as compared to original B3LYP and the serious size dependence of B3LYP is remarkably overcome by the employment of OpB3LYP. The comparative assessment of OpB3LYP and other prevalent functionals indicates that OpB3LYP is a promising functional for large molecules. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Theoretical insights and design of intriguing nonlinear optical species involving the excess electron
Authors: Yu Guangtao , Huang Xuri , Li Shaochen , Chen Wei
Published: February 2015

Nonlinear optical (NLO) materials have been widely investigated in view of the applications in optoelectronic devices, and so forth. Recently, it is revealed that the species involving the excess electron can exhibit the considerable NLO response, where the excess electron plays an important role in increasing the first hyperpolarizability. It is worth mentioning that the intriguing electride/alkalide compounds with excess electron have been realized in experiment. In this work, we have presented a summary of our insights on how to introduce the excess electron in the related systems to effectively improve their NLO properties by considering different crucial factors involving the complexant, doped metal atom and interaction mode between them, and so forth. It is of benefit for promoting the design of new high‐performance NLO materials involving excess electron in the near future. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimum distribution of additional reinforcement to reduce differential column shortening
Authors: Kim Han‐Soo
Published: February 2015

Differential column shortening should be reduced to mitigate the adverse effects caused by such shortening in a tall building. The axial stiffness of columns with greater shortening than adjacent columns should be increased to reduce the differential column shortening. The axial stiffness of the columns can be effectively increased by utilizing additional reinforcement for them. The optimum distributions of this additional reinforcement to reduce the differential column shortening in a tall building are determined. An optimization problem is formulated to minimize the total amount of reinforcement. Three analysis models, namely a fixed‐section, fixed‐stress and general model, are presented as numerical examples. The contour plots for a two‐variable problem of the three analysis models are presented. The generalized reduced gradient method is applied to obtain the optimum solutions of multi‐variable problems. The differential column shortenings after optimization confirm that the optimization program developed in this study can yield the optimum distributions of additional reinforcement. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Profile of (n‐9) and (n‐7) Isomers of Monounsaturated Fatty Acids of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seeds
Authors: Kaymak Haluk Caglar
Published: February 2015

The present study was undertaken to determine the profile of the (n‐9) and (n‐7) isomers for C18:1, C20:1 and C22:1 fatty acids in radish seeds as well as their isomers. Radish (Raphanus sativus L. cvs. ‘Antep, Beyaz, Cherry Belle and Iri Kırmızı’) seeds were produced in 2003–2005 from different sowing dates (SD). The n‐7 isomers of C18:1, C20:1 and C22:1 ranged from 0.7 to 1.3, 0.1 to 0.3 and 0.4 to 1.1 %, respectively. The average values of C18:1(n‐7) was highest (1 %) amongst the three acids. The ratios of (n‐7)/(n‐9) ranged from 4.5 % (‘Cherry Belle’, SD‐I) to 8.3 % (‘Antep’, SD‐III), 0.8 % (‘Iri Kırmızı’, SD‐II) to 3 % (‘Iri Kırmızı’, SD‐I) and 1.6 % (‘Cherry Belle’, SD‐I) to 3.7 % (‘Iri Kırmızı’, SD‐I) for C18:1, C20:1 and C22:1. Erucic acid was the principal fatty acid with concentrations of nearly 34–39 % in ‘Antep’, 32–34 % in ‘Cherry Belle’, 30–33 % in ‘Beyaz’ and 21–22 % in ‘Irı Kırmızı’. The oleic acid content was higher in SD‐I and SD‐II than SD‐III in all cultivars. Correlation studies revealed that palmitoleic acid (C16:1) had a significant relationship between most of the fatty acids of the (n‐7)/(n‐9) family. The results indicated that palmitoleic acid is important in the synthesis of long‐chain fatty acids and that the data for the (n‐7)/(n‐9) ratios for C22:1 could be used as biochemical markers to determine the similarities or differences between radish cultivars.
Determination of Fatty Acid Profiles and Esterase Activities in the Gills and Gonads of Vimba vimba (L., 1758)
Authors: Görgün Salih , Zengin Gökhan
Published: February 2015

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the gills and gonads of Vimba vimba in terms of fatty acid composition, esterase activity, and esterase band patterns by native‐PAGE method. In this context, C16:0 and C18:1n‐9 were the most abundant fatty acids in the TLs, NLs, and the PLs fractions of both tissues. EPA (C20:5n‐3) and DHA (C22:6n‐3) levels were higher in the gills than in the gonads. MUFAs were the main fatty acid groups in the TLs, NLs, and PLs of both tissues. Gills had higher n‐3/n‐6 ratios when compared with the gonads, with the exception of the PLs. TLs of the gonads had the highest AI and TI values. A concentration of 1 mM Na‐taurocholate increased the esterase activity of the gonads. Other chemicals having inhibition and surface active effects resulted in decreases in the esterase activities at concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 mM. In total, nine esterase bands were determined in both tissues. Four bands were shared by both the gills and gonads of V.vimba. These shared bands could be responsible for the similar esterase activities in both tissues. Gills and gonads of V. vimba have substantial amounts of fatty acids and esterase isozymes. More detailed studies are required to understand their industrial and nutritional uses.
MicroRNA‐145 contributes to enhancing radiosensitivity of cervical cancer cells
Authors: Ye Chen , Sun Ning-xia , Ma Yan , Zhao Qian , Zhang Qing , Xu Chen , Wang Shao-bing , Sun Shu-han , Wang Fang , Li Wen
Published: February 2015

In our study, transcriptome microarrays are used to identify differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs in cervical cancer specimens. We find that microRNA‐145 (miR‐145) expression is significantly decreased in cervical cancer tissues and cell lines, and is associated with advanced cancer stages, large tumor size and moderate/poor differentiation. We show that miR‐145 targets the DNA damage repair‐associated gene Helicase‐like transcription factor (HLTF), which is involved in radio‐resistance. Moreover, miR‐145 over‐expression in cervical cancer cells enhances radiosensitivity in vitro and in vivo. These results indicate that targeting miR‐145 may be a novel radiosensitizing strategy for cervical cancer.
MicroRNA‐494 inhibits the growth and angiogenesis‐regulating potential of mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Chen Shiwen , Zhao Guangfeng , Miao Huishuang , Tang Ruijing , Song Yuxian , Hu Yali , Wang Zhiqun , Hou Yayi
Published: February 2015

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play an important role in the pathology of preeclampsia (PE). Our previous microarray analysis found that microRNA‐494 (miR‐494) is highly expressed in decidua‐derived MSCs (dMSCs) from PE. We hypothesized that aberrant expression of miR‐494 in dMSCs is involved in PE development. In the present study, we found that miR‐494 arrests G1/S transition in dMSCs by targeting CDK6 and CCND1. We also found that supernatant from miR‐494‐overexpressing dMSCs reduces HTR‐8/SVneo migration and impairs HUVEC capillary formation by suppressing VEGF. Taken together, we report an unrecognized mechanism of miR‐494 affecting dMSC proliferation and function in the pathology of PE.
A reliable and valid method for manual demarcation of hippocampal head, body, and tail
Authors: Daugherty Ana M. , Yu Qijing , Flinn Robert , Ofen Noa
Published: February 2015

There is a growing interest in characterizing functional specialization along the long axis of the hippocampus in humans. Variability in volumetry along the long axis of the hippocampus may be of functional relevance in human development, and in a number of clinical populations. However, there is a lack of consistent definitions for measurements of regional volumetry along the hippocampal long axis. Moreover, there is lack of consistent reliability standards of these measures. Here we describe a protocol for manual demarcation of hippocampal head, body, and tail. The definitions emphasize anatomical landmarks that agree with the extant literature and are visible in children and adults alike. Using this protocol we achieved high reliability of all volumetric measures. We further demonstrate that the protocol can be applied to T2‐weighted images optimized for high‐resolution scanning of the hippocampus, as well as a more standard T1‐weighted image sequence. Third, the protocol is sensitive to detect individual differences in subregion volumes in normally developing children (N = 81; ages 8–25 years). This protocol may be of use for researchers studying the hippocampus across the lifespan and in diverse clinical populations.
High plasma neopterin levels in Chinese children with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Zhao Hong‐xiang , Yin Sha‐sha , Fan Jin‐gang
Published: February 2015

Background

Neopterin, a pteridine mainly synthesized by activated macrophages, is a marker of inflammation, immune system activation and an active participant in Autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The aim of this study was to assess the clinical significance of plasma neopterin levels in ASD.

Methods

Eighty patients diagnosed with ASD and 80 sex and age matched typically developing children were assessed for plasma levels of neopterin at admission. Plasma neopterin levels were measured using a human ELISA kit and severity of ASD were evaluated with the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) score.

Results

We found that the mean plasma neopterin level was significantly (P < 0.0001) higher in children with ASD as compared to controls. Plasma neopterin increased with increasing severity of ASD as defined by the CARS score. Based on the ROC curve, the optimal cutoff value of plasma neopterin level as an indicator for auxiliary diagnosis of ASD was projected to be 8.5 nmol/L, which yielded a sensitivity of 84.2% and a specificity of 80.1%, with the area under the curve at 0.876 (95% CI, 0.825–0.928). Elevated neopterin (≥8.5 nmol/L) was an independent diagnosis indicator of ASD with an adjusted OR of 12.11 (95% CI: 5.48–28.11; P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

These results indicated that autistic children had higher plasma levels of neopterin, and elevated plasma neopterin levels may be associated with severity of ASD among Chinese children.
Subjective memory impairment in older adults predicts future dementia independent of baseline memory performance: Evidence from the Betula prospective cohort study
Authors: Rönnlund Michael , Sundström Anna , Adolfsson Rolf , Nilsson Lars‐Göran
Published: February 2015

Introduction

The objective was to examine whether subjective memory impairment (SMI) predicts all‐cause dementia or Alzheimer's disease (AD) in a population‐based study with long‐term follow‐up (median = 10 years).

Methods

A total of 2043 initially dementia‐free participants (≥ 60 years) made three memory ratings (“compared with others”, “compared with five years ago”, and “complaints from family/friends”) at baseline. During follow‐up, 372 participants developed dementia (208 with AD).

Results

Cox regression revealed that subjective memory impairment ratings predicted all‐cause dementia in models adjusting for age and sex (hazard ratio or HR from 2.04 to 3.94), with even higher values for AD (HR from 2.29 to 5.74). The result persisted in models including other covariates, including baseline episodic memory performance, and in analyses restricted to participants with long time to dementia diagnosis (≥ 5 years).

Discussion

The findings underscore the usefulness of subjective memory assessment in combination with other factors in identifying individuals at risk for developing dementia.
An Unusual Case of Volar Dislocation of Thumb Metacarpophalangeal Joint
Authors: Ho-Yin Man , Ka-Chun Ip , Kin-Bong Lee
Published: February 2015

Thumb metacarpophalangeal joint dislocation is an uncommon injury. Most of the dislocations are dorsal, and volar dislocation is rare. Only a total of 18 cases of volar dislocation of thumb metacarpophalangeal joint are published in English and other international languages. Successful closed reduction was uncommon. The majority of these volar dislocations required open reduction. In this paper, an unusual case of volar dislocation of the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint that finally required arthrodesis was reported.
Quaternary Tephrochronology and Deposition in the Subsurface Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, California, U.S.A.
Authors: Maier Katherine L. , Gatti Emma , Wan Elmira , Ponti Daniel J. , Pagenkopp Mark , Starratt Scott W. , Olson Holly A. , Tinsley John C.
Published: February 2015

We document characteristics of tephra, including facies and geochemistry, from 27 subsurface sites in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, California, to obtain stratigraphic constraints in a complex setting. Analyzed tephra deposits correlate with: 1) an unnamed tephra from the Carlotta Formation near Ferndale, California, herein informally named the ash of Wildcat Grade (<~1.450 to >~ 0.780 Ma), 2) the Rockland ash bed (~ 0.575 Ma), 3) the Loleta ash bed (~ 0.390 Ma), and 4) middle Pleistocene volcanic ash deposits at Tulelake, California, and Pringle Falls, Bend, and Summer Lake, Oregon, herein informally named the dacitic ash of Hood (<~0.211 to >~ 0.180 Ma). All four tephra are derived from Cascades volcanic sources. The Rockland ash bed erupted from the southern Cascades and occurs in up to > 7-m-thick deposits in cores from ~ 40 m subsurface in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta. Tephra facies and tephra age constraints suggest rapid tephra deposition within fluvial channel and overbank settings, likely related to flood events shortly following volcanic eruption. Such rapidly deposited tephra are important chronostratigraphic markers that suggest varying sediment accumulation rates in Quaternary deposits below the modern Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta. This study provides the first steps in a subsurface Quaternary stratigraphic framework necessary for future hazard assessment.
Mechanism of action of flibanserin, a multifunctional serotonin agonist and antagonist (MSAA), in hypoactive sexual desire disorder
Authors: Stahl Stephen M.
Published: February 2015

Flibanserin is a novel multifunctional serotonin agonist and antagonist (MSAA) that improves sexual functioning in premenopausal women who suffer from reduced sexual interest and desire.
Emotion Appraisals Predict Neuroticism and Extraversion
Authors: Comensoli Andrew , MacCann Carolyn
Published: February 2015

The current study proposes and refines the Appraisals in Personality (AIP) model in a multilevel investigation of whether appraisal dimensions of emotion predict differences in state neuroticism and extraversion. University students (N = 151) completed a five-factor measure of trait personality, and retrospectively reported seven situations from the previous week, giving state personality and appraisal ratings for each situation. Results indicated that: (a) trait neuroticism and extraversion predicted average levels of state neuroticism and extraversion respectively, and (b) five of the examined appraisal dimensions predicted one, or both of the state neuroticism and extraversion personality domains. However, trait personality did not moderate the relationship between appraisals and state personality. It is concluded that appraisal dimensions of emotion may provide a useful taxonomy for quantifying and comparing situations, and predicting state personality.
Do Academics’ Personality Traits Contribute to Their Organizational Commitment?
Authors: Zhang Li-Fang
Published: February 2015

The primary objective of this study was to determine if academics’ personality traits contribute to their organizational commitment. Three hundred and fifty-six academics from mainland China responded to the Organizational Commitment Inventory (OCI) and the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. Having ascertained the reliability and the validity of the relatively new OCI, the study showed that, as expected, extraversion and conscientiousness were the most conducive to adaptive organizational commitment, whereas neuroticism contributed to nonadaptive organizational commitment. Results further suggested that agreeableness was detrimental to almost all types of organizational commitment and that openness, unexpectedly, positively contributed to one type of nonadaptive organizational commitment. Implications of these findings are discussed in relation to academics and university senior managers.
Emotion Regulation and Defense Mechanisms
Authors: Sala Maria Nives , Testa Silvia , Pons Francisco , Molina Paola
Published: February 2015

This study examined the relations between emotion regulation and defense mechanisms as assessed through self-report questionnaires. Participants were 314 undergraduate students at the University of Turin (Faculty of Agricultural Studies, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences and Faculty of Psychology). Correlational analysis identified several associations between emotion regulation strategies and defense mechanisms. A second-order factor model was tested in which each of the dimensions assessed by the defense mechanisms and emotion regulation instruments was assigned to either an adaptive or maladaptive latent dimension. The results suggested that the dimensions of adaptiveness and maladaptiveness may represent a key link between emotion regulation and defense mechanisms.
Purchasing condoms near a college campus: environmental barriers
Authors: Wilson Annie M. , Ickes Melinda J.
Published: February 2015

Background Given the propensity for college students to engage in sexual activity and the subsequent lack of consistent condom use, there is a need to determine environmental factors that may be motivating or deterring factors for college students to access condoms. This study aimed to determine the number of businesses available to purchase condoms from near a large, south-eastern college campus and investigate environmental differences between types of businesses. Methods: Environmental factors (e.g. distance from campus, barriers to purchasing, selection availability and price) were collected among businesses within a 2-mile radius of the campus. Both χ2 and ANOVA determined significant differences between types of businesses (P ≤ 0.05). Results: Forty-two businesses sold condoms, 66.7% of which were convenience-type stores. The average distance from the campus was 1.33 miles (s.d. = 0.58). The average unit price of male condoms was significantly higher in drug store/pharmacies (M = 1.68) compared with convenience-type stores (M = 1.22) and grocery stores (M = 0.97); P = 0.005. Assistance was needed to purchase condoms in 25% of businesses. Barriers to purchasing condoms were significantly higher in convenience stores/gas stations (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Environmental barriers related to purchasing condoms exist and must be considered when targeting sexual health promotion on college campuses.
Ligand-directed targeting of lymphatic vessels uncovers mechanistic insights in melanoma metastasis
Authors: Christianson Dawn R. , Dobroff Andrey S. , Proneth Bettina , Zurita Amado J. , Salameh Ahmad , Dondossola Eleonora , Makino Jun , Bologa Cristian G. , Smith Tracey L. , Yao Virginia J. , Calderone Tiffany L. , O'Connell David J. , Oprea Tudor I. , Kataoka Kazunori , Cahill Dolores J. , Gershenwald Jeffrey E. , Sidman Richard L. , Arap Wadih , Pasqualini Renata
Published: February 2015

Significance

Formation of metastasis is the most deadly step in melanoma progression and primarily occurs through the lymphatic vasculature. Unfortunately, little is known regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms that enable interactions between melanoma cells and lymphatic vessels. In this study, we developed an unbiased approach using combinatorial peptide libraries displayed on phage coat proteins to identify cell–cell interacting proteins at the lymphatic vessel–tumor cell interface. Successful application of this approach led to the identification of cell surface PPP2R1A on both melanoma and lymphatic cell surfaces, and more importantly, PPP2R1A facilitates tumor cell–lymphatic endothelial cell interactions during melanoma cell metastasis.
Whiteboard: a framework for the programmatic visualization of complex biological analyses
Authors: Sundström Görel , Zamani Neda , Grabherr Manfred G. , Mauceli Evan
Published: February 2015

Summary:  Whiteboard is a class library implemented in C++ that enables visualization to be tightly coupled with computation when analyzing large and complex datasets.

Availability and implementation: the C++ source code, coding samples and documentation are freely available under the Lesser General Public License from http://whiteboard-class.sourceforge.net/.

Contact:  emauceli@parabasegenomics.com.
Factors affecting the availability of walleye pollock to acoustic and bottom trawl survey gear
Authors: Kotwicki Stan , Horne John K. , Punt André E. , Ianelli James N.
Published: February 2015

Abundances of semi-pelagic fish are often estimated using acoustic or bottom trawl surveys, both of which sample only a fraction of the water column. Acoustic instruments are effective at sampling the majority of the water column, but they have a near-surface blind zone and a near-bottom acoustic dead zone (ADZ), where fish remain undetected. Bottom trawls are effective near the seabed, but miss fish that are located above the effective fishing height of the trawl. Quantification of the extent of overlap between these gears is needed, particularly in cases where environmental factors play a role. We developed logistic regression models to predict the availability (qa) of walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) to both acoustic and bottom trawl gears using factors shown to affect qa (depth, light intensity, fish length) and introducing additional factors (tidal currents, surface and bottom temperature, sediment size). Results build on earlier studies and quantify the uncertainty associated with the estimation of the ADZ correction using Bayesian methods. Our findings indicate that on average during the day, walleye pollock are more available to the bottom trawl than to the acoustics. Availability to both gears depends mostly on bottom depth, light conditions, and fish size, and to a lesser extent sediment size. Availability to the acoustic gear is also related on surface temperature. Variability in availability to both gears also depends on environmental factors.
Spending-Biased Legislators: Discipline Through Disagreement
*
Authors: Piguillem Facundo , Riboni Alessandro
Published: February 2015

We study legislators who have a present bias for spending: they want to increase current spending and procrastinate spending cuts. We show that disagreement in legislatures can lead to policy persistence that attenuates the temptation to overspend. Depending on the environment, legislators’ decisions to be fiscally responsible may either complement or substitute other legislators’ decisions. When legislators have low discount factors, their actions are strategic complements. Thus, changes of the political environment that induce fiscal responsibility are desirable as they generate a positive responsibility multiplier and reduce spending. However, when the discount factor is high, the same changes induce some legislators to free ride on others’ responsibility which may lead to higher spending.
Functional Evolution of Phosphatidylethanolamine Binding Proteins in Soybean and Arabidopsis
Authors: Wang Zheng , Zhou Zhengkui , Liu Yunfeng , Liu Tengfei , Li Qing , Ji Yuanyuan , Li Congcong , Fang Chao , Wang Min , Wu Mian , Shen Yanting , Tang Tian , Ma Jianxin , Tian Zhixi
Published: February 2015

Gene duplication provides resources for novel gene functions. Identification of the amino acids responsible for functional conservation and divergence of duplicated genes will strengthen our understanding of their evolutionary course. Here, we conducted a systemic functional investigation of phosphatidylethanolamine binding proteins (PEBPs) in soybean (Glycine max) and Arabidopsis thaliana. Our results demonstrated that after the ancestral duplication, the lineage of the common ancestor of the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and TERMINAL FLOWER1 (TFL1) subfamilies functionally diverged from the MOTHER OF FT AND TFL1 (MFT) subfamily to activate flowering and repress flowering, respectively. They also underwent further specialization after subsequent duplications. Although the functional divergence increased with duplication age, we observed rapid functional divergence for a few pairs of young duplicates in soybean. Association analysis between amino acids and functional variations identified critical amino acid residues that led to functional differences in PEBP members. Using transgenic analysis, we validated a subset of these differences. We report clear experimental evidence for the functional evolution of the PEBPs in the MFT, FT, and TFL1 subfamilies, which predate the origin of angiosperms. Our results highlight the role of amino acid divergence in driving evolutionary novelty after duplication.
An examination of the accuracy of a sequential PCR and sequencing test used to detect the incursion of an invasive species: the case of the red fox in Tasmania
Authors: Ramsey David S. L. , MacDonald Anna J. , Quasim Sumaiya , Barclay Candida , Sarre Stephen D.
Published: February 2015

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnostic tests are increasingly applied to the identification of wildlife. Yet rigorous verification is rare and the estimation of test accuracy (the probability that true positive and true negative samples are correctly identified – test sensitivity and specificity, respectively), particularly in combination with sequencing, is uncommon. This is important because PCR‐based tests are prone to contamination in sampling and the laboratory.

Here, we use an experimental case–control approach to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of a sequential PCR‐based wildlife detection test used to identify incursions of red foxes into Tasmania from predator faeces (scats).

Our results show that the sensitivity of the fox test is high (∼94%) for the PCR‐based test on its own, but this decreases to ∼84% when combined with the DNA sequencing step. In contrast, the specificity increases from ∼96% in the PCR‐only test to ˜99·6% after inclusion of the DNA sequencing step.

The intense public scrutiny of the fox eradication programme in Tasmania has undoubtedly influenced the application of a sequential PCR test that maximizes specificity at the expense of sensitivity and so increases the risk that scats containing fox DNA would not be detected. This could lead to the establishment of foxes in Tasmania as a consequence.

Synthesis and applications. Importantly, the estimation of the sensitivity and specificity of sequential tests enables decisions about the risk associated with mistaken identification (i.e. false negatives vs. false positives) to be quantified for decision‐makers. The cost of false‐negative errors should be balanced against the costs of false‐positive errors, which could include the expenditure incurred in the application of unnecessary management actions were foxes not in fact present. Understanding the risks and costs associated with both false‐negative and false‐positive errors is therefore a key component to the decision‐making process for the management of the Tasmanian fox incursion.
Understanding Cross‐Country Differences in Valuation Ratios: A Variance Decomposition Approach
Authors: Chue Timothy K.
Published: February 2015

We use a variance decomposition approach to examine why aggregate valuation ratios differ across countries. In a cross section of 22 developed countries from 1980 to 2009, we find that 50 percent of all cross‐country differences in the aggregate price‐to‐book ratio (P/B) can be explained by cross‐country differences in expected future five‐year profitability. In the second half of our sample period, this percentage exceeds that of the first half, rising to almost 64 percent. Although international differences in accounting standards and conventions may have made earnings from different countries more difficult to compare relative to dividends, we find that it is still cross‐country differences in expected future profitability, rather than dividend growth rates, that are more closely related to international differences in valuation ratios. Even among 25 emerging markets, we find that expected future profitability at the five‐year horizon can account for 29 percent of all cross‐country P/B variations. Our results show that international investors are able to identify substantial cross‐country differences in future‐earnings prospects and incorporate them into stock market valuations.
Hemostatic resuscitation in postpartum hemorrhage – a supplement to surgery
Authors: Ekelund Kim , Hanke Gabriele , Stensballe Jakob , Wikkelsøe Anne , Albrechtsen Charlotte Krebs , Afshari Arash
Published: February 2015

Background

Postpartum hemorrhage is a potentially life‐threatening albeit preventable condition that persists as a leading cause of maternal death. Identification of safe and cost‐effective hemostatic treatment options remains crucial as a supplement to surgery and uterotonic agents.

Objective

This review summarizes the background, current evidence and recommendations with regard to the role of fibrinogen, tranexamic acid, prothrombin complex concentrate, desmopressin, and recombinant factor VIIa in the treatment of patients with postpartum hemorrhage. The benefits and evidence behind traditional standard laboratory tests and viscoelastic hemostatic assays, i.e. thromboelastography TEG® and thromboelastometry ROTEM®, are discussed. In addition we assess and elaborate on the current paradigm and evidence for transfusion of these patients.

Data sources

Publications between 1994 and 2014 were identified from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library databases, and ClinicalTrial.gov.

Results

Viscoelastic hemostatic assays were found to provide a real‐time continuum of coagulation and fibrinolysis when introduced as a supplement in transfusion management of postpartum hemorrhage. Fibrinogen should be considered when hypofibrinogenemia is identified. Early administration of 1–2 g tranexamic acid is recommended, followed by an additional dose in cases of ongoing bleeding. Uncontrolled hemorrhage requires early balanced transfusion.

Conclusion

Despite the lack of conclusive evidence for optimal hemostatic resuscitation in postpartum hemorrhage, the use of viscoelastic hemostatic assays, fibrinogen, tranexamic acid and balanced transfusion therapy may prove to be potentially pivotal in the treatment of postpartum hemorrhage.
Problematic Internet use is associated with substance use in young adolescents
Authors: Rücker Jeanine , Akre Christina , Berchtold André , Suris Joan‐Carles
Published: February 2015

Aim

This study examined whether problematic Internet use was associated with substance use among young adolescents and assessed whether this association accounted for the use of tobacco, alcohol, cannabis and other drugs.

Methods

Using the Internet Addiction Test, we divided a representative sample of 3067 adolescents in Switzerland (mean age 14 years) into regular and problematic Internet users. We performed a bivariate analysis and two logistic regression models, to analyse substances separately and simultaneously, and developed a log‐linear model to define the associations between significant variables.

Results

Problematic Internet users were more likely to be female, to use substances, to come from nonintact families, to report poor emotional well‐being and to be below average students. The first model showed significant associations between problematic users and each substance, with adjusted odds ratios of 2.05 for tobacco, 1.72 for alcohol, 1.94 for cannabis and 2.73 for other drugs. Only smoking remained significant in the second model, with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.71.

Conclusion

Problematic Internet use is associated with other risky behaviours and may be an important early predictor of adolescent substance use. Therefore, it should be included in the psychosocial screening of adolescents.
Transplantation of ABO A2 kidneys into O recipients: do IgM anti‐A1 titers matter?
Authors: Tierney Joshua , Shaffer David
Published: February 2015

Background

The ABO blood subgroup A2 expresses lower levels of A antigen on the cell surface and is less immunogenic toward anti‐A immunoglobulin present in blood type O or B recipients. Previous studies have shown successful kidney transplantation from A2 donors into O or B recipients with low pre‐transplant anti‐A titers. Previous studies suggest good results with recipient IgG titers <1:8. Few studies have specifically evaluated the importance of anti‐A1 IgM titers on early outcomes following A2 to O or B kidney transplantation.

Methods

We performed a single center, retrospective review of all A2 to O living donor kidney transplants. All recipients had pre‐transplant anti‐A IgG titers <1:8. IgM titers were measured in all recipients and were reported but not used to determine eligibility for transplant.

Results

From 2001 to 2013, we performed seven consecutive A2 to O living donor kidney transplants. Early allograft dysfunction, acute rejection or thrombotic microangiopathy, occurred in four patients and were associated with high IgM titers despite low IgG titers.

Conclusions

Our data show a high incidence of early acute rejection or thrombotic microangiopathy in A2 to O kidney transplants with high recipient anti‐A IgM titers despite low IgG titers. Steps to lower anti‐IgM pre‐transplant may reduce the risk of early allograft dysfunction in A2 to O or B kidney transplants. Attention should be paid to IgM titers in establishing individual center selection criteria for A2 to B kidney transplants under the new UNOS kidney allocation system.
Lung transplantation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: long‐term survival, freedom from bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, and factors influencing outcome
Authors: Zeriouh Mohamed , Mohite Prashant N. , Sabashnikov Anton , Zych Bartlomiej , Patil Nikhil P. , Garcia‐Saez Diana , Koch Achim , Ghodsizad Ali , Weymann Alexander , Soresi Simona , Wittwer Thorsten , Choi Yeong‐Hoon , Wippermann Jens , Wahlers Thorsten , Popov Aron‐Frederik , Simon André R.
Published: February 2015

Objectives

Lung transplantation (LTx) remains the definitive treatment for end‐stage lung failure, whereas chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents one of the main diagnoses leading to the indication for a transplant. We sought to assess long‐term outcomes after LTx in patients diagnosed with COPD and analyze factors influencing outcome in this frequent patient cohort.

Methods

Between January 2007 and November 2013, a total of 88 LTx were performed in patients with COPD in our institution. Patients with emphysema associated with alpha1‐antitrypsin deficiency were excluded from this observation. The study design was a retrospective review of the prospectively collected data. A large number of pre‐, intra‐, and postoperative variables were analyzed including long‐term survival and freedom from bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). Furthermore, impact of different variables on survival was analyzed.

Results

Preoperative donor data indicated a large proportion of marginal donors. While the overall cumulative survival after six yr was 57.4%, the results in terms of BOS‐free survival in long‐term follow‐up were 39.7% after six yr. Patients with COPD were also associated with a low incidence (2.3%) of the need for postoperative extracorporeal life support (ECLS).

Conclusions

Long‐term results after LTx in patients with COPD are acceptable with excellent survival, freedom from BOS, and low use of ECLS postoperatively despite permanently increasing proportion of marginal organs used.