bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using defects to store energy in materials – a computational study
Authors: Lu I-Te , Bernardi Marco
Published: June 2017

Energy storage occurs in a variety of physical and chemical processes. In particular, defects in materials can be regarded as energy storage units since they are long-lived and require energy to be formed. Here, we investigate energy storage in non-equilibrium populations of materials defects, such as those generated by bombardment or irradiation. We first estimate upper limits and trends for energy storage using defects. First-principles calculations are then employed to compute the stored energy in the most promising elemental materials, including tungsten, silicon, graphite, diamond and graphene, for point defects such as vacancies, interstitials and Frenkel pairs. We find that defect concentrations achievable experimentally (~0.1–1 at.%) can store large energies per volume and weight, up to ~5 MJ/L and 1.5 MJ/kg for covalent materials. Engineering challenges and proof-of-concept devices for storing and releasing energy with defects are discussed. Our work demonstrates the potential of storing energy using defects in materials.
Arrestins contribute to amyloid beta-induced cell death via modulation of autophagy and the α7nAch receptor in SH-SY5Y cells
Authors: Liu Yi-qing , Jia Meng-qi , Xie Zhao-hong , Liu Xiao-fei , Hui-Yang  , Zheng Xiao-lei , Yuan Hui-qing , Bi Jian-zhong
Published: June 2017

Amyloid β-protein (Aβ) is believed to contribute to the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here we showed that Aβ25-35 rapidly caused activation of autophagy, subsequently leading to reduction of autophagy associated with cellular apoptosis. Further investigation revealed that the accumulation of β-arrestin 1 (ARRB1) caused by Aβ25-35 contributed to the induction of autophagic flux. The depletion of ARRB1 led to decreases in the expression of LC3B, Atg7, and Beclin-1, which are essential for the initiation of autophagy. ARRB1 depletion also reduced downstream ERK activity and promoted Aβ25-35-induced cell death. As with ARRB1, transient upregulation of ARRB2 by Aβ25-35 was observed after short treatment durations, whereas genetic reduction of ARRB2 caused a marked increase in the expression of the α7nAch receptor at the cell surface, which resulted in partial reversal of Aβ25-35-induced cell death. Although expression of both ARRB1 and ARRB2 was reduced in serum from patients with AD, the levels of ARRB1 were much lower than those of ARRB2 in AD. Thus, our findings indicate that ARRB1/2 play different roles in Aβ25-35 cytotoxicity, which may provide additional support for exploring the underlying molecular mechanism of AD.
Interaction of PKR with single-stranded RNA
Authors: Mayo Christopher B. , Cole James L.
Published: June 2017

Although the antiviral kinase PKR was originally characterized as a double-stranded RNA activated enzyme it can be stimulated by RNAs containing limited secondary structure. Single-stranded regions in such RNAs contribute to binding and activation but the mechanism is not understood. Here, we demonstrate that single-stranded RNAs bind to PKR with micromolar dissociation constants and can induce activation. Addition of a 5′-triphosphate slightly enhances binding affinity. Single-stranded RNAs also activate PKR constructs lacking the double-stranded RNA binding domain and bind to a basic region adjacent to the N-terminus of the kinase. However, the isolated kinase is not activated by and does not bind single-stranded RNA. Photocrosslinking measurements demonstrate that that the basic region interacts with RNA in the context of full length PKR. We propose that bivalent interactions with the double stranded RNA binding domain and the basic region underlie the ability of RNAs containing limited structure to activate PKR by enhancing binding affinity and thereby increasing the population of productive complexes containing two PKRs bound to a single RNA.
JNK Activation Turns on LPS- and Gram-Negative Bacteria-Induced NADPH Oxidase-Dependent Suicidal NETosis
Authors: Khan Meraj A. , Farahvash Armin , Douda David N. , Licht Johann-Christoph , Grasemann Hartmut , Sweezey Neil , Palaniyar Nades
Published: June 2017

Neutrophils cast neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to ensnare microbial pathogens. Nevertheless, the molecular rheostats that regulate NETosis in response to bacteria are not clearly established. We hypothesized that stress-activated protein kinase or c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (SAPK/JNK) is a molecular switch that turns on NETosis in response to increasing concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and Gram-negative bacteria. Here we show that Escherichia coli LPS (0111:B4; 10–25 μg/ml), but not phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), activates JNK in human neutrophils in a dose-dependent manner. JNK inhibitors SP600125 and TCSJNK6o, and a TLR4 inhibitor TAK242 suppress reactive oxygen species production and NETosis in LPS-, but not PMA-treated neutrophils. Diphenyleneiodonium suppresses LPS-induced NETosis, confirming that endotoxin induces NADPH oxidase-dependent NETosis. Immunoblots, Sytox Green assays, and confocal microscopy of cleaved caspase-3 and nuclear morphology show that JNK inhibition does not induce apoptosis in LPS-stimulated neutrophils. JNK inhibition also suppresses NETosis induced by two typical Gram-negative bacteria, E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Therefore, we propose that neutrophils use a TLR4-dependent, JNK-mediated molecular sensing mechanism to initiate NADPH oxidase-dependent suicidal NETosis in response to increasing concentrations of LPS, and Gram-negative bacteria. The LPS-TLR4-JNK activation axis determines the fate of these cells: to be or not to be NETotic neutrophils.
Molecular identification in metabolomics using infrared ion spectroscopy
Authors: Martens Jonathan , Berden Giel , van Outersterp Rianne E. , Kluijtmans Leo A. J. , Engelke Udo F. , van Karnebeek Clara D. M. , Wevers Ron A. , Oomens Jos
Published: June 2017

Small molecule identification is a continually expanding field of research and represents the core challenge in various areas of (bio)analytical science, including metabolomics. Here, we unequivocally differentiate enantiomeric N-acetylhexosamines in body fluids using infrared ion spectroscopy, providing orthogonal identification of molecular structure unavailable by standard liquid chromatography/high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. These results illustrate the potential of infrared ion spectroscopy for the identification of small molecules from complex mixtures.
Phylogeography of Petrolisthes armatus, an invasive species with low dispersal ability
Authors: Hiller Alexandra , Lessios Harilaos A.
Published: June 2017

Theoretically, species with high population structure are likely to expand their range, because marginal populations are free to adapt to local conditions; however, meta-analyses have found a negative relation between structure and invasiveness. The crab Petrolisthes armatus has a wide native range, which has expanded in the last three decades. We sequenced 1718 bp of mitochondrial DNA from native and recently established populations to determine the population structure of the former and the origin of the latter. There was phylogenetic separation between Atlantic and eastern Pacific populations, and between east and west Atlantic ones. Haplotypes on the coast of Florida and newly established populations in Georgia and South Carolina belong to a different clade from those from Yucatán to Brazil, though a few haplotypes are shared. In the Pacific, populations from Colombia and Ecuador are highly divergent from those from Panamá and the Sea of Cortez. In general, populations were separated hundreds to million years ago with little subsequent gene flow. High genetic diversity in the newly established populations shows that they were founded by many individuals. Range expansion appears to have been limited by low dispersal rather than lack of ability of marginal populations to adapt to extreme conditions.
Direct evidence for cell adhesion-mediated radioresistance (CAM-RR) on the level of individual integrin β1 clusters
Authors: Babel Laura , Grunewald Miriam , Lehn Robert , Langhans Markus , Meckel Tobias
Published: June 2017

The cellular interaction with the extracellular matrix (ECM) modulates many key processes such as proliferation, migration, differentiation and survival. In addition, cells cultured under 3D conditions in presence of an ECM display a marked radioresistance towards ionizing radiation (IR) in comparison to conventionally 2D cultured cells. This process, also known as “cell-adhesion-mediated-radio-resistance” (CAM-RR), has been linked to the chromatin structure that differs between cells cultured on stiff surfaces versus cell grown on soft planar supports or in 3D environments. As integrins are the key mediators of cell adhesion and mechanosensing, they originate the molecular signalling towards chromatin remodelling in response to a cell’s microenvironment. We aimed to investigate this molecular origin that leads to CAM-RR by investigating the distribution of integrins at the single molecule level and show that cells cultured in 2D keep a lower fraction of integrin β1 in clusters and maintain a less defined cluster status than 3D cultured cells. Upon X-irradiation this nanoscale distribution of integrin β1 is disturbed at much lower dosages in 2D versus 3D cultured cells. Radioresistance is thus linked to the ability to maintain a well defined organization of integrins in clusters, making integrin distribution a potential drug target for radiosensitization.
Catalytic transformation of functionalized carboxylic acids using multifunctional rhenium complexes
Authors: Naruto Masayuki , Agrawal Santosh , Toda Katsuaki , Saito Susumu
Published: June 2017

Carboxylic acids (CAs) are one of the most ubiquitous and important chemical feedstocks available from biorenewable resources, CO2, and the petrochemical industry. Unfortunately, chemoselective catalytic transformations of CH
n
CO2H (n = 1–3) groups into other functionalities remain a significant challenge. Herein, we report rheniumV complexes as extremely effective precatalysts for this purpose. Compared to previously reported heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts derived from high- or low-valent metals, the present method involves a α-C–H bond functionalization, a hydrogenation, and a hydrogenolysis, which affords functionalized alcohols with a wide substrate scope and high chemoselectivity under relatively mild reaction conditions. The results represent an important step toward a paradigm shift from ‘low-valent’ to ‘high-valent’ metal complexes by exploring a new portfolio of selective functional group transformations of highly oxygenated organic substrates, as well as toward the exploitation of CAs as a valuable biorenewable feedstock.
Evaluation of the MTBDRplus 2.0 assay for the detection of multidrug resistance among persons with presumptive pulmonary TB in China
Authors: Tan Yaoju , Li Qiang , Wang Qing , Sun Huiping , Chen Jin , Cai Xingshan , Yao Yinchai , Bao Xundi , Wang Chao , Liu Yuan , Wu Xia , Pang Yu , Zhao Yanlin
Published: June 2017

We have conducted a multicenter study of the diagnostic accuracy of the MTBDRplus 2.0 assay in compared with conventional and molecular reference standard in four tuberculosis (TB)-specialized hospitals of China. A total of 5038 patients were enrolled in this study. The overall sensitivity of the assay for the diagnosis of TB was 92.7% [1723/1858, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 91.5–93.9]. In smear-positive/culture-positive cases the sensitivity was 97.7% (995/1018, 95% CI: 96.6–98.6), whereas in smear-negative/culture-positive cases it was 86.7% (728/840, 95% CI: 84.2–88.9). The agreement rate between MTBDRplus 2.0 and Xpert MTB/RIF was 97.7% (1015/1039, 95% CI: 96.6–98.5) for smear-positive cases and 97.0% (3682/3794, 95% CI: 96.5–97.6) for smear-negative cases. As compared with phenotypic drug susceptibility testing, the MTBDRplus 2.0 correctly identified 298 of 315 patients (94.6%, 95% CI: 91.5–96.8) with rifampicin-resistance. As noted previously, isoniazid resistance is associated with many different mutations and consequently the sensitivity compared to phenotypic testing was lower (81.0%, 95% CI: 76.8–84.7). In conclusion, this assay is a rapid, accurate test in terms of increased sensitivity for detecting smear-negative TB patients, as well as an alternative for detecting both RIF and INH resistance in persons with presumptive TB, whereas the absence of a mutation in the specimens must be interpreted cautiously.
Relict high-Andean ecosystems challenge our concepts of naturalness and human impact
Authors: Sylvester Steven P. , Heitkamp Felix , Sylvester Mitsy D. P. V. , Jungkunst Hermann F. , Sipman Harrie J. M. , Toivonen Johanna M. , Gonzales Inca Carlos A. , Ospina Juan C. , Kessler Michael
Published: June 2017

What would current ecosystems be like without the impact of mankind? This question, which is critical for ecosystem management, has long remained unanswered due to a lack of present-day data from truly undisturbed ecosystems. Using mountaineering techniques, we accessed pristine relict ecosystems in the Peruvian Andes to provide this baseline data and compared it with the surrounding accessible and disturbed landscape. We show that natural ecosystems and human impact in the high Andes are radically different from preconceived ideas. Vegetation of these ‘lost worlds’ was dominated by plant species previously unknown to science that have become extinct in nearby human-affected ecosystems. Furthermore, natural vegetation had greater plant biomass with potentially as much as ten times more forest, but lower plant diversity. Contrary to our expectations, soils showed relatively little degradation when compared within a vegetation type, but differed mainly between forest and grassland ecosystems. At the landscape level, a presumed large-scale forest reduction resulted in a nowadays more acidic soilscape with higher carbon storage, partly ameliorating carbon loss through deforestation. Human impact in the high Andes, thus, had mixed effects on biodiversity, while soils and carbon stocks would have been mainly indirectly affected through a suggested large-scale vegetation change.
Fibroblasts derived from oesophageal adenocarcinoma differ in DNA methylation profile from normal oesophageal fibroblasts
Authors: Smith Eric , Palethorpe Helen M. , Hayden Annette L. , Young Joanne P. , Underwood Timothy J. , Drew Paul A.
Published: June 2017

Oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) is increasing in incidence and has a poor prognosis. Tumour derived fibroblasts (TDFs) differ functionally from normal fibroblasts (NDFs), and play a pivotal role in cancer. Many of the differences persist through subculture. We measured the DNA methylation profiles of 10 TDFs from OAC with 12 NDF from normal oesophageal mucosa using Infinium HumanMethylation450 Beadchips and found they differed in multidimensional scaling analysis. We identified 4,856 differentially methylated CpGs (DMCs, adjusted p < 0.01 and absolute difference in average β-value > 0.15), of which 3,243 (66.8%) were hypomethylated in TDFs compared to NDFs. Hypermethylated DMCs were enriched at transcription start sites (TSSs) and in CpG islands, and depleted in transcriptional enhancers. Gene ontology analysis of genes with DMCs at TSSs revealed an enrichment of genes involved in development, morphogenesis, migration, adhesion, regulation of processes and response to stimuli. Alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) is a marker of activated fibroblasts and a poor prognostic indicator in OAC. Hypomethylated DMCs were observed at the TSS of transcript variant 2 of α-SMA, which correlated with an increase in α-SMA protein expression. These data suggest that DNA methylation may contribute to the maintenance of the TDF phenotype.
Peroxyoxalate Chemiluminescent Reaction as a Tool for Elimination of Tumour Cells Under Oxidative Stress
Authors: Romanyuk Andrey V. , Grozdova Irina D. , Ezhov Alexander A. , Melik-Nubarov Nickolay S.
Published: June 2017

The overproduction of hydrogen peroxide is an inherent feature of some tumour cells and inflamed tissues. We took advantage of this peculiarity to eliminate cells using chemiluminescent peroxyoxalate reaction. We designed dispersions containing polyoxalate and tetramethylhematoporhyrin (TMHP) in dimethylphthalate droplets stabilized with Pluronic L64. The porphyrin plays the dual role. On the one hand, it serves as an activator of the peroxyoxalate reaction of polyoxalate with intracellular hydrogen peroxide and experiences excitation as a result of the reaction. The light emitted in the reaction in the model system without cells was used to optimize the dispersion’s composition. On the other hand, TMHP acts as a photosensitizer (PS) causing cell damage. The formation of singlet oxygen led to cell elimination if the dispersions were used in combination with inducers of oxidative stress: hydrogen peroxide, paraquat, antitumour drug doxorubicin, or a nutritional additive menadione. The PS-induced cytotoxicity correlated with the level of intracellular ROS. The developed approach targeted to endogenous ROS is orthogonal to the classical chemotherapy and can be applied to increase its efficiency.
Adaptive Carbon Allocation by Plants Enhances the Terrestrial Carbon Sink
Authors: Xia Jiangzhou , Yuan Wenping , Wang Ying-Ping , Zhang Quanguo
Published: June 2017

Carbon allocation is one of the most important physiological processes to optimize the plant growth, which exerts a strong influence on ecosystem structure and function, with potentially large implications for the global carbon budget. However, it remains unclear how the carbon allocation pattern has changed at global scale and impacted terrestrial carbon uptake. Based on the Community Atmosphere Biosphere Land Exchange (CABLE) model, this study shows the increasing partitioning ratios to leaf and wood and reducing ratio to root globally from 1979 to 2014. The results imply the plant optimizes carbon allocation and reaches its maximum growth by allocating more newly acquired photosynthate to leaves and wood tissues. Thus, terrestrial vegetation has absorbed 16% more carbon averagely between 1979 and 2014 through adjusting their carbon allocation process. Compared with the fixed carbon allocation simulation, the trend of terrestrial carbon sink from 1979 to 2014 increased by 34% in the adaptive carbon allocation simulation. Our study highlights carbon allocation, associated with climate change, needs to be mapped and incorporated into terrestrial carbon cycle estimates.
A microengineered model of RBC transfusion-induced pulmonary vascular injury
Authors: Seo Jeongyun , Conegliano David , Farrell Megan , Cho Minseon , Ding Xueting , Seykora Thomas , Qing Danielle , Mangalmurti Nilam S. , Huh Dongeun
Published: June 2017

Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion poses significant risks to critically ill patients by increasing their susceptibility to acute respiratory distress syndrome. While the underlying mechanisms of this life-threatening syndrome remain elusive, studies suggest that RBC-induced microvascular injury in the distal lung plays a central role in the development of lung injury following blood transfusion. Here we present a novel microengineering strategy to model and investigate this key disease process. Specifically, we created a microdevice for culturing primary human lung endothelial cells under physiological flow conditions to recapitulate the morphology and hemodynamic environment of the pulmonary microvascular endothelium in vivo. Perfusion of the microengineered vessel with human RBCs resulted in abnormal cytoskeletal rearrangement and release of intracellular molecules associated with regulated necrotic cell death, replicating the characteristics of acute endothelial injury in transfused lungs in vivo. Our data also revealed the significant effect of hemodynamic shear stress on RBC-induced microvascular injury. Furthermore, we integrated the microfluidic endothelium with a computer-controlled mechanical stretching system to show that breathing-induced physiological deformation of the pulmonary microvasculature may exacerbate vascular injury during RBC transfusion. Our biomimetic microsystem provides an enabling platform to mechanistically study transfusion-associated pulmonary vascular complications in susceptible patient populations.
Phytohormonal crosstalk modulates the expression of miR166/165s, target Class III HD-ZIPs, and KANADI genes during root growth in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Singh Archita , Roy Shradha , Singh Sharmila , Das Shabari Sarkar , Gautam Vibhav , Yadav Sandeep , Kumar Ashutosh , Singh Alka , Samantha Sukanya , Sarkar Ananda K.
Published: June 2017

Both phytohormones and non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) play important role in root development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mature miR166/165 s, which are derived from precursor transcripts of concerned genes, regulate developmental processes, including leaf and root patterning, by targeting Class III HOMEODOMAIN LEUCINE-ZIPPER (HD-ZIP III) transcription factors (TFs). However, their regulation through hormones remained poorly understood. Here, we show that several phytohormones dynamically regulate the spatio-temporal expression pattern of miR166/165 and target HD-ZIP IIIs in developing roots. Hormone signaling pathway mutants show differential expression pattern of miR166/165, providing further genetic evidence for multilayered regulation of these genes through phytohormones. We further show that a crosstalk of at least six different phytohormones regulate the miR166/165, their target HD-ZIP IIIs, and KANADI (KANs). Our results suggest that HD-ZIP IIIs mediated root development is modulated both transcriptionally through phytohormones and KANs, and post-transcriptionally by miR166/165 that in turn are also regulated by the phytohormonal crosstalk.
Insulin-like growth factor I and its binding protein-3 are regulators of lactation and maternal responsiveness
Authors: Lékó András H. , Cservenák Melinda , Szabó Éva Rebeka , Hanics János , Alpár Alán , Dobolyi Árpád
Published: June 2017

Adaptation to motherhood includes maternal behaviour and lactation during the postpartum period. The major organizing centres of maternal behaviour and lactation are located in the hypothalamic medial preoptic area (MPOA) and the arcuate nucleus, respectively. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is an effector of the growth hormone axis; however, its function in the brain is largely unexplored. We identified increased maternal IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) expression in preoptic rat microarray data and confirmed it by RT-PCR. In situ hybridization histochemistry showed markedly elevated IGFBP-3 expression in the MPOA and the arcuate nucleus in rat dams. Prolonged intracerebroventricular injection of IGF-I or antagonism of brain IGFBP-3 with an inhibitor (NBI-31772) using osmotic minipumps increased pup retrieval time, suggesting reduced maternal motivation. Suckling-induced prolactin release and pup weight gain were also suppressed by IGF-I, suggesting reduced lactation. In addition, IGF-I-induced tyrosine hydroxylase expression and its specific phosphorylation in tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons suppress prolactin secretion. Thus, IGF-I may inhibit both behavioural and lactational alterations in mothers. Neurons in the MPOA and arcuate nuclei express IGFBP-3 during the postpartum period to neutralize IGF-I effects. IGFBP-3 can prevent the blockade of maternal behaviour and lactation exerted by IGF-I, suggesting a novel modulatory mechanism underlying the behavioural and hormonal effects during central maternal adaptations.
Canine Leishmaniasis Progression is Associated with Vitamin D Deficiency
Authors: Rodriguez-Cortes A. , Martori C. , Martinez-Florez A. , Clop A. , Amills M. , Kubejko J. , Llull J. , Nadal J. M. , Alberola J.
Published: June 2017

The relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the risk of suffering from a plethora of health disorders, ranging from autoimmune processes to infectious diseases has been widely described. Nonetheless, the potential role of vitamin D in visceral leishmaniasis remains uncharacterized. In the Mediterranean basin, where the dog is leishmania’s main peri-domestic reservoir, control measures against the canine disease have shown beneficial effects on the incidence of human leishmaniasis. In this study, we measured the vitamin D levels in serum samples from a cohort of 68 healthy and disease dogs from a highly endemic area and we have also studied the relationship of these levels with parasitological and immunological parameters. The sick dogs presented significantly lower (P < 0.001) vitamin D levels (19.6 ng/mL) than their non-infected (31.8 ng/mL) and the asymptomatic counterparts (29.6 ng/mL). In addition, vitamin D deficiency correlated with several parameters linked to leishmaniasis progression. However, there was no correlation between vitamin D levels and the Leishmania-specific cellular immune response. Moreover, both the leishmanin skin test and the IFN-γ levels displayed negative correlations with serological, parasitological and clinical signs. Further studies to determine the functional role of vitamin D on the progression and control of canine leishmaniasis are needed.
Integrated analysis and transcript abundance modelling of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 in developing secondary xylem
Authors: Hussey Steven G. , Loots Mattheus T. , van der Merwe Karen , Mizrachi Eshchar , Myburg Alexander A.
Published: June 2017

Despite the considerable contribution of xylem development (xylogenesis) to plant biomass accumulation, its epigenetic regulation is poorly understood. Furthermore, the relative contributions of histone modifications to transcriptional regulation is not well studied in plants. We investigated the biological relevance of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 in secondary xylem development using ChIP-seq and their association with transcript levels among other histone modifications in woody and herbaceous models. In developing secondary xylem of the woody model Eucalyptus grandis, H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 genomic spans were distinctly associated with xylogenesis-related processes, with (late) lignification pathways enriched for putative bivalent domains, but not early secondary cell wall polysaccharide deposition. H3K27me3-occupied genes, of which 753 (~31%) are novel targets, were enriched for transcriptional regulation and flower development and had significant preferential expression in roots. Linear regression models of the ChIP-seq profiles predicted ~50% of transcript abundance measured with strand-specific RNA-seq, confirmed in a parallel analysis in Arabidopsis where integration of seven additional histone modifications each contributed smaller proportions of unique information to the predictive models. This study uncovers the biological importance of histone modification antagonism and genomic span in xylogenesis and quantifies for the first time the relative correlations of histone modifications with transcript abundance in plants.
Water mediated proton conduction in a sulfonated microporous organic polymer
Authors: Klumpen C. , Gödrich S. , Papastavrou G. , Senker J.
Published: June 2017

High proton conductivity mediated by water molecules adsorbed within the micro- and mesopores of the sulfonated porous polymer PAF-1.
Chemoselective ratiometric imaging of protein S-sulfenylation
Authors: Tom Christopher T. M. B. , Crellin John E. , Motiwala Hashim F. , Stone Matthew B. , Davda Dahvid , Walker William , Kuo Yu-Hsuan , Hernandez Jeannie L. , Labby Kristin J. , Gomez-Rodriguez Lyanne , Jenkins Paul M. , Veatch Sarah L. , Martin Brent R.
Published: June 2017

Here we report a ratiometric fluorescent probe for chemoselective conjugation to sulfenic acids in living cells.
Electrical and optical behaviors of SiC(GeC)/MoS2 heterostructures: a first principles study
Authors: Rao Yong-Chao , Yu Song , Duan Xiang-Mei
Published: June 2017

Hybrid structures have attracted a great deal of attention because of their excellent properties, which can open up a way we could not foresee in materials science and device physics.
Increase in chloride retention using anion exchange membranes electrochemically impregnated with polyaniline/sodium polystyrene sulfonate composite deposits
Authors: Montes-Rojas A. , Rentería J. A. Q. , Chávez N. B. J. , Ávila-Rodríguez J. G. , Yañez Soto B.
Published: June 2017

Ion exchange membranes are highly technologically relevant and composite deposits can be used to enhance some of their properties.
Rapid and facile chemical actinometric protocol for photo-microfluidic systems using azobenzene and NMR spectroscopy
Authors: El Achi Nassim , Bakkour Youssef , Chausset-Boissarie Laëtitia , Penhoat Maël , Rolando Christian
Published: June 2017

A new protocol for determining the photon flux inside a photomicroreactor is described using (E)-azobenzene and NMR spectroscopy which does not require the determination of the quantum yield of the unstableZisomer.
Selenadiazole derivatives antagonize glucocorticoid-induced osteoblasts cells apoptosis by blocking ROS-mediated signaling, a new anti-osteoporosis strategy
Authors: Du Yanxin , Li Hong , Chen Bolai , Lai Haoqiang , Li Xiaoling , Chen Tianfeng
Published: June 2017

Herein we demonstrate that synthetic selenadiazole derivatives could protect osteoblasts cells against Dex-induced cell apoptosisviaattenuating oxidative stress and downstream signalling pathways.
Nanoslit-concentration-chip integrated microbead-based protein assay system for sensitive and quantitative detection
Authors: Koh Yul , Yang Jin-Kyoung , Oh Min-Hye , Kang Homan , Lee Yoon-Sik , Kim Yong-Kweon
Published: June 2017

A nanoslit-integrated microfluidic chip is developed as a microbead-based assay platform for the sensitive and quantitative detection of protein.
LTA zeolite membranes: current progress and challenges in pervaporation
Authors: Wenten I. G. , Dharmawijaya P. T. , Aryanti P. T. P. , Mukti R. R. , Khoiruddin Khoiruddin
Published: June 2017

Linde Type A (LTA) zeolite-based membranes have demonstrated excellent selectivity in pervaporation due to their unique structural framework and interaction with water.
Untrasmall Bi2S3 nanodots for in vivo X-ray CT imaging-guided photothermal therapy of cancer
Authors: Li Zelun , Ai Kelong , Yang Zhe , Zhang Tianqi , Liu Jianhua , Cui Xiaoqiang
Published: June 2017

Theranostic nanomedicine has shown tremendous promise for more effective and predictive cancer treatment by real-time mornitoring of the delivery of therapeutics to tumors and subsequent therapeutic response.
Computational insights into substrate binding and catalytic mechanism of the glutaminase domain of glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase (GlmS)
Authors: Wei Wanlei , Monard Gerald , Gauld James W.
Published: June 2017

The mechanistic cysteinyl of GlmS can activate its thiol using its own α-amine without the need for a bridging water.
Interfacial adsorption of pH-responsive polymers and nanoparticles
Authors: Qin Shiyi , Yong Xin
Published: June 2017

The adsorption of weak polyelectrolytes and polyelectrolyte-grafted nanoparticles at a water–oil interface can be tuned by changing the pH and salinity of the solution.
How roughness affects the depletion mechanism
Authors: Anzini Pietro , Parola Alberto
Published: June 2017

We develop a simple model, in the spirit of the Asakura–Oosawa theory, able to describe the effects of surface roughness on the depletion potential for a wide range of physically relevant conditions.
Evidence for Auditory-Motor Impairment in Individuals With Hyperfunctional Voice Disorders
Authors: Stepp Cara E. , Lester-Smith Rosemary A. , Abur Defne , Daliri Ayoub , Pieter Noordzij J. , Lupiani Ashling A.
Published: June 2017

Purpose

The vocal auditory-motor control of individuals with hyperfunctional voice disorders was examined using a sensorimotor adaptation paradigm.

Method

Nine individuals with hyperfunctional voice disorders and 9 individuals with typical voices produced sustained vowels over 160 trials in 2 separate conditions: (a) while experiencing gradual upward perturbations in the fundamental frequency (
f
o
) of their auditory feedback (shift-up) and (b) under no auditory perturbation (control). The shift-up condition consisted of 4 ordered (fixed) phases: baseline (no perturbation), ramp (gradual increases in heard
f
o
), hold (a consistently higher heard
f
o
), and after-effect (no perturbation). Adaptive responses were defined as the difference in produced
f
o
during control and shift-up conditions.

Results

Adaptive responses were significantly different between groups. Individuals with typical voices generally showed compensatory adaptive responses, with decreased
f
o
during the ramp and hold phases. Conversely, many individuals with hyperfunctional voice disorders instead displayed the opposite effect by following the direction of the perturbation. When
f
o
was experimentally increased, speakers further increased their
f
o
.

Conclusion

Results indicate that some individuals diagnosed with hyperfunctional voice disorders have disrupted auditory-motor control, suggesting atypical neurological function. These findings may eventually allow for the development of new interventions for hyperfunctional voice disorders.
Development of an impedance spectroscopy device for on‐line cell growth monitoring
Authors: Montero‐Rodríguez J.J. , Fernández‐Castro A.J. , Schroeder D. , Krautschneider W.
Published: June 2017

The impedance and dielectric properties of biological samples are often used to estimate the number of cells growing in a culture, and monitor the cell growth in real time. For these type of studies, high‐cost and complex commercial equipment is often required. The design and implementation of a standalone device for impedance spectroscopy of cell samples is presented, featuring low cost, portability and easy reconfigurability of frequency and voltage. The device can generate sinusoidal, square and triangular signals with frequencies up to 125 kHz, at voltages in the range from 0 V to 100 mV. Cell growth experiments were carried out with yeast cultures, and the results are compared with a commercial Agilent 4284A LCR meter. The error percentages for magnitude and phase measurements are <5%.
Compact low‐pass filter with ultra‐wide stopband using analysed triangular‐shaped resonator
Authors: Lotfi S. , Hayati M.
Published: June 2017

A compact microstrip low‐pass filter (LPF) with ultra‐wide stopband using the analysed triangular‐shaped resonator is presented. To achieve LC equivalent circuit of the triangular‐shaped resonator, the structure of a rectangular‐shaped resonator is adopted. To investigate the behaviour of the proposed triangular‐shaped resonator, transfer function of the main triangular resonator is calculated. The designed LPF has −3 dB cut‐off frequency of 1.52 GHz with the stopband bandwidth around 12fc and total circuit size of 0.062λg × 0.104λg. The proposed LPF has the figure of merit of 46,718, which shows its good performance. The proposed filter is designed, simulated and fabricated. It is observed that the measurement results are well matched with simulation results.
Chaotic bursting in memristive diode bridge‐coupled Sallen‐Key lowpass filter
Authors: Bao Bo‐Cheng , Wu Pingye , Bao Han , Chen Mo , Xu Quan
Published: June 2017

This Letter reports the finding of a point‐cycle chaotic bursting phenomenon in a simple third‐order memristive diode bridge‐coupled Sallen‐Key lowpass filter (LPF). By parallel coupling a generalised memristor composed of a diode bridge and an inductor into a Sallen‐Key LPF a simple third‐order memristive chaotic oscillator is established. With the modelling of this oscillator, stability analyses, numerical simulations and hardware experiments are performed, upon which the striking point‐cycle chaotic bursting phenomenon is well demonstrated and effectively validated.
Detailed analysis of the effect of parallel lines on the impedance seen by the traditional ground distance function
Authors: Sorrentino Elmer , García Alejandro
Published: June 2017

This study analyses the effect of parallel lines on the impedance seen by the traditional ground distance function. Different pre‐fault load flows, system impedances and fault resistances are considered, as well as the possible connections of the parallel line (in parallel, in open‐circuit or short‐circuited at both line ends). Cases with and without compensation for the mutual impedance of the parallel line are considered, as well as cases with and without adaptive change of relay settings. In general, the results are highly dependent on the connection of the parallel line. System impedances have more influence on the results than the pre‐fault load flow. On the other hand, the maximum fault resistance that can be seen by the distance function is moderately influenced by the effect of the parallel line. Thus, this exhaustive analysis shows the relative importance of each relevant factor (pre‐fault load flow, system impedances, fault resistances, parallel line connectivity, and possible use of compensation for mutual impedances). A similar analysis about this topic was not available in the literature, and this knowledge is useful for the recommendations about the setting of the traditional ground distance function by considering the effect of parallel lines.
Generalised neural network‐based control algorithm for DSTATCOM in distribution systems
Authors: Ahmad Md. Tausif , Kumar Narendra , Singh Bhim
Published: June 2017

This study presents a new concept to control a distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) based on generalised neural network in a three‐phase power distribution system. Artificial neural network (ANN)‐based controllers play the vital role in the performance improvement of DSTATCOM. However, their application is limited by the increase in complexity as well as the computational time. The proposed generalised neural network algorithm is a combination of Gaussian, sigmoidal and linear transfer functions within a layer to improve the DSTATCOM control strategy. This algorithm estimates the amplitude of the wattful and wattless current components of the load currents for harmonics elimination and reactive power compensation by the DSTATCOM. The algorithm is developed in MATLAB. The case studies validate its superiority over ANN‐based control algorithms. The proposed method needs a less number of training patterns and unknown weights compared to other algorithms which reduces the complexity and the computational time. It also improves the performance of DSTATCOM estimating the weights and its learning online which is of the main merits of this algorithm. Its other inherent advantages are ease in design, robustness and its adaptivity with dynamics of load at utility end.
Time‐slotted interactive multiple‐input multiple‐output radar for phase synchronisation at target with low overhead
Authors: Zhang Li , Xie Ning , Zhang Li , Wang Hui
Published: June 2017

In this study, a multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) radar system is proposed. It is a time‐slotted interactive MIMO radar system that operates in a time‐division manner. Based on the proposed system, the authors designed a phase synchronisation algorithm that achieves phase synchronisation at the target by taking only one extra timeslot regardless of the number of antennas of the MIMO radar system. The authors compared conventional phase synchronisation algorithms, including the master–slave algorithm and time‐slotted round‐trip algorithm, with the proposed algorithm, the latter of which showed superior performance with low overhead. More generally, the proposed phase synchronisation algorithm was extended to address a moving target by introducing an amendatory factor that can effectively compensate the phase mismatch caused by the target motion. Theoretical expressions of the probability of detection of the proposed algorithm were derived. The simulation results were consistent with the theoretical results and revealed the superiority of the proposed algorithm.
Regioselective Synthesis of 3-Aminoimidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines with Triflic Anhydride
Authors: Talbot Eric , Law Robert , Ukuser Sabri , Tape Daniel
Published: June 2017

The regioselective synthesis of 3-aminoimidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines via triflic anhydride mediated amide activation and intramolecular cyclisation is reported. The nature of the added pyridine base allows access to both regioisomers from a simple common precursor. The method tolerates a range of functional groups and provides access to novel heterocyclic scaffolds.
Reactivity of Grubbs–Hoveyda II Complexes Including Extended N-Heterocyclic Carbenes with a Bicyclic Camphor-Based Framework
Authors: Wilhelm René , Rais Eduard , Flörke Ulrich
Published: June 2017

This feature article discusses the synthesis of new asymmetric Grubbs–Hoveyda II complexes with extended N-heterocyclic carbenes containing a bicyclic camphor-based framework. The new enantiopure complexes can be prepared in a short route from the chiral pool. The extended carbene-based catalyst shows high activity in olefin metathesis reactions. The new complexes exhibited enantioselectivity in an asymmetric ROCM desymmetrization. Depending on the substituents on the nitrogen atoms of the carbenes, the opposite enantiomer was formed in excess.
Neonatal Immune Responses during Group B Streptococcal Infections
Authors: Upadhyay Kirtikumar , Talati Ajay
Published: June 2017

Group B streptococcus (GBS) still remains an important cause of neonatal sepsis in spite of various preventive strategies. The immune response of a neonate varies from an adult human immune system and makes a newborn more vulnerable to illness not typically manifested by adults. Microbial virulence, bacterial load, and immaturity of immune response system may explain the variation in severity of illness in term and preterm neonates. In this review, the mechanisms of GBS invasion and infection in a neonate are described. We also try to identify the host immune response to various bacterial components of GBS and possible future strategies to mitigate this immune response to improve neonatal outcomes after GBS sepsis.
Pulley Reconstruction for Symptomatic Instability of the Tendons of the First Extensor Compartment Following de Quervain's Release
Authors: Renson Daan , Mermuys Koen , Vanmierlo Bert , Bonte Francis , Van Hoonacker Petrus , Kerckhove Diederick , Berghs Bart , Goubau Jean
Published: June 2017

Background Surgical management of de Quervain's tenosynovitis is based on decompression of the first extensor compartment. A simple release of the first compartment can cause instability of the extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) and abductor pollicis longus (APL) tendons in zone seven of the extensors. The WHAT test (wrist hyperflexion and abduction of the thumb) is very effective in diagnosing this instability.

Patients and Methods In this retrospective monocentric study, we analyzed a case series of 10 patients all of whom underwent a reconstruction of the first extensor compartment using a retinacular graft because of symptomatic instability after decompression surgery. The reconstruction was a modified technique of the sixth compartment. Functional outcome and characteristics of the newly reconstructed pulley were examined by physical examination with the aid of ultrasound and internationally validated questionnaires.

Results Four patients had a good-to-excellent functional outcome, all of those had a maximum of two surgical procedures performed on the first extensor compartment. Six patients presented poor functional outcome. In four of them, more than two surgical procedures were performed. Minor residual instability was noted in six cases, found in both the groups.

Conclusion The reconstruction procedures on the first compartment seemed to be satisfactory in treating instability of the EPB and APL tendons after primary surgical release for de Quervain's disease.

Level of Evidence Level IV, observational study without controls.
Relationship between Partial Uterine Cervical Tissue Excision and Preterm Birth: An Experimental Animal Study
Authors: Jeong Hyun , Kim Hee-youn , Kang Dahyun , Hong Soon-Cheol , Cho Geum , Oh Min-Jeong , Kim Hai-Joong , Ahn Ki
Published: June 2017

Objective To investigate whether the uterine cervix excision is associated with preterm birth in female mice.

Study Design Sexually mature female C57BL/6 mice (n = 40) were randomly divided into four groups (A, sham; B, cervical excision; C, lipopolysaccharide, 100 µg intrauterine injection; and D, cervical excision + lipopolysaccharide injection), with 10 mice per group. Three weeks after cervical excision, timed mating was performed. On gestational day 16, lipopolysaccharide was injected between the first and second horns of the right uterus near the cervix. The uterine cervix was obtained after delivery and was histologically analyzed.

Results The mean gestational period in group D was significantly lower than those in the other groups (17, 19.5, 19, and 18.2 days in groups D, A, B, and C, respectively; p = 0.034). The cervical length was shorter in the cervical excision groups (p = 0.004). The muscle-to-collagen ratio in the proximal cervix was higher in group D (p = 0.037).

Conclusion Prepregnancy cervical excision and subsequent lipopolysaccharide injection showed a high rate of preterm birth, which was higher than the known lipopolysaccharide injection related preterm birth rate. Prepregnancy cervical excision appears to have additive effects with inflammation in inducing preterm birth, which are associated with the relative muscular component amount.
Demenz und Nährstoffe
Authors: Schmiedel Volker
Published: June 2017

Demenz stellt ein komplexes Geschehen dar und es macht daher nur wenig Sinn, lediglich einen Faktor zu verändern. Eine ausreichende
Versorgung mit bestimmten Nährstoffen scheint Studien zufolge ein wichtiger Faktor zu sein, um die Hirnfunktion bis ins hohe Alter
zu erhalten. Dies hat sich für B-Vitamine, Vitamin D und Omega-3-Fettsäuren gezeigt. Probanden mit einer guten Versorgung wiesen
ein bis zu 50 % niedrigeres Risiko auf, an Demenz zu erkranken.

Der Beitrag gibt eine Übersicht zu wichtigen Studien. Kasuistiken aus der Praxis des Autors bestätigen die Ergebnisse an konkreten
Patienten.
Patterns of Gall Bladder Wall Thickening in Dengue Fever: A Mirror of the Severity of Disease
Authors: Parmar Jitendra , Mohan Chander , Vora Maulik
Published: June 2017

Background Dengue fever is a major public health problem with an increased incidence in recent years. Gall bladder wall thickening has been reported as one of the most common findings in dengue fever. There is a paucity of literature regarding the various patterns of gall bladder wall thickening in dengue fever and their significance in predicting the severity of disease.

Methodology and Significant Findings Out of 93 seropositive patients included in the study, 54 patients with dengue fever had gall bladder wall thickening. 4 patterns of gall bladder wall thickening are demonstrated in this study. A uniform echogenic pattern in 20 patients, striated or tram track pattern in 11 patients, an asymmetric pattern in 2 patients and a honeycombing pattern in 21 patients. The range of patterns of wall thickening included normal wall thickening or uniform echogenic wall thickening in DF without warning signs, a striated or tram track pattern, and a honeycomb pattern in severe DF. Serial ultrasound done on consecutive alternate days revealed a change in the pattern of gall bladder wall thickening according to the severity of disease.

Conclusion The present study revealed 4 distinct patterns of gall bladder wall thickening. The uniform echogenic pattern was found to be more prevalent in dengue fever without warning signs, while the honeycomb pattern was found to be more prevalent in severe dengue fever. A change in the pattern of gall bladder wall thickening on subsequent serial ultrasound can predict the severity of the disease.
Aszites-Untersuchungen
Authors: Sengebusch Jürgen , Herzog Michael
Published: June 2017

Die Untersuchung dient dazu, festzustellen, ob Fettgewebe oder ein Aszites Ursache für einen vergrößerten Bauchumfang ist. Eine Inspektion alleine erlaubt keine sichere Diagnose.