bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Landslide-tunnel interaction mechanism and numerical simulation during tunnel construction: a case from expressway in Northwest Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Fan Jiawei , Zhang Yufang , Zhou Wenjiao , Yin Chuan
Published: August 2022

The excavation of the tunnel on the expressway in northwest Yunnan province induced landslide and a series problem such as ground surface cracks of the slope, sliding of the slope, and cracks in the tunnel lining. This research aims to reveal the interaction relationship between the tunnel and the landslide from the prospective of field monitoring and numerical simulation. Firstly, the engineering geological conditions of the slope where the tunnel was located were obtained by field investigation. The “landslide traction segment-tunnel longitudinal tensile failure” mode was put forward based on the spatial relationship between the tunnel and the landslide. Secondly, field monitoring methods were adopted to monitor the surface displacement of the slope, the deep-seated displacement of the landslide, and the propagation of cracks in the tunnel lining. Finally, three-dimensional numerical models were established to investigate the stability of the slope and the tunnel under natural conditions, tunnel excavation conditions, and rainfall conditions. The field investigation results, field monitoring results, and numerical simulation results illustrated that: (1) The tunnel traversed the traction segment of the landslide body in parallel, and tensile failure or shear dislocation failure would occur at different stages of the interaction between the tunnel and the landslide. (2) Two sliding layers were discovered in the landslide, the shallow creep sliding layer and the deep creep sliding layer, which corresponded to the tensile failure and shear dislocation failure modes proposed in the “landslide traction segment-tunnel longitudinal tensile failure” mode, respectively. (3) The slope was in an unstable state under natural conditions. The tunnel excavation disrupted the initial stress equilibrium of the slope, resulting in stress release of the surrounding rock mass. Both excavation and rainfall would exacerbate the deformation of the landslide and the tunnel. Eventually, control measures based on the control grouting technology of the steel floral tubes were suggested to counter with landslide-tunnel deformation problems.
Observations on flower and fruit anatomy in dioecious species of Cordia (Cordiaceae, Boraginales) with evolutionary interpretations
Authors: Pätzold Janin , Feyrer Benedikt , Saumweber Johanna , Hilger Hartmut H. , Gottschling Marc
Published: August 2022

Detailed anatomical studies of flowers and fruits may render traits of phylogenetic importance, but are still rare in the Boraginales. An Old World clade of Cordia comprises many dioecious species, but the floral anatomy is largely unexplored and, hence, the structural basis for sex separation. Fresh material of buds, functionally unisexual flowers and fruits were studied using a stack shot camera. Fixed such material of Cordia crenata, C. cf. grandicalyx and C. sinensis was sectioned using a microtome and stained with safranin red and astra blue, and the gynoecial surface was studied using SEM. The stamens of the female flowers are largely intact, but do not produce pollen, whereas the gynoecium of the male flowers is highly reduced though develops ovules lacking an embryo sac. The morphologically rather unreduced stamens of the female flower may have undergone a shift of function from producing pollen towards attracting pollinators by optical signals. The outer parenchyma of the gynoecium is strongly stained and after fertilisation, one through three ovules are maturing towards seeds. The presence of more than a single seed enclosed in the undivided endocarp is rare in Cordiaceae.
Krafttraining als Verhaltenspräventionsmaßnahme bei berufsbedingten muskuloskeletalen Beschwerden
Authors: Holzgreve Fabian , Schulte Lisa , Germann Ute , Wanke Eileen M.
Published: August 2022

Ein Krafttraining kann die von muskuloskeletalen Beschwerden betroffene Körperregion durch gezielte Kräftigung der dazugehörigen Muskulatur stärken und kann somit diesen Beschwerden, aber auch Fehlhaltungen entgegenwirken. Ziel ist die Stabilisierung und Kräftigung des Muskel-Skelett-Systems, sodass eine erhöhte Belastbarkeit erreicht werden kann. In diesem Beitrag werden zunächst allgemeine Grundsätze zum Krafttraining vorgestellt samt der dazugehörigen Belastungsnormative und deren methodischen Umsetzungsprinzipien. Anschließend wird das Krafttraining als verhaltenspräventive Maßnahme im Rahmen von erfolgreich durchgeführten Untersuchungen bei verschiedenen Berufsgruppen zur Therapie berufsbedingter Muskel-Skelett-Beschwerden vorgestellt und somit in den aktuellen Wissensstand dieser Thematik eingeordnet. Es zeigt sich, dass solche Interventionen am Arbeitsplatz einen positiven Effekt auf die Gesundheit der Arbeitnehmenden haben.
Land Politics
Authors: Honig Lauren
Published: August 2022

Land Politics examines the struggle to control land in Africa through the lens of land titling in Zambia and Senegal. Contrary to standard wisdom portraying titling as an inevitable product of economic development, Lauren Honig traces its distinctly political logic and shows how informality is maintained by local actors. The book's analysis focuses on chiefs, customary institutions, and citizens, revealing that the strength of these institutions and an individual's position within them impact the expansion of state authority over land rights. Honig explores common subnational patterns within the two very different countries to highlight the important effects of local institutions, not the state's capacity or priorities alone, on state building outcomes. Drawing on evidence from national land titling records, qualitative case studies, interviews, and surveys, this book contributes new insights into the persistence of institutional legacies and the political determinants of property rights.
Dynamics of an inertially collapsing gas bubble between two parallel, rigid walls
Authors: Rodriguez Mauro , Beig Shahaboddin A. , Barbier Charlotte N. , Johnsen Eric
Published: August 2022

The collapse of cavitation bubbles in channel flows can give rise to structural damage along neighbouring walls. Although the collapse of a bubble near a single wall has been studied extensively, less is known about bubble collapse between two walls, e.g. as in a channel. We conduct highly resolved, direct simulations of the Navier–Stokes equations to investigate the bubble dynamics and pressures produced by the collapse of a bubble between two parallel rigid walls. We examine the dependence of the dynamics and pressures on the initial bubble location, confinement and driving pressure. For a fixed initial stand-off distance, as the channel width increases the bubble volume, migration distance and re-entrant jet speed approach their single-wall counterparts. We obtain an expression for the minimum channel width at which the confinement does not affect the bubble dynamics depending on the driving pressure difference and initial stand-off distance. For a fixed channel width, varying stand-off distance reduced the maximum wall pressures in the channel relative to the single wall; the trend was consistent for three different driving pressures. Two different jetting behaviours are seen when the bubble is centred in the channel, depending on the channel width. Under significant confinement, wall-parallel re-entrant jets impinge upon each other and further intensify the collapse of the vortex ring.
Physiochemical hydrodynamics of the phase segregation in an evaporating binary microdroplet
Authors: Li Yaxing , Lv Pengyu , Diddens Christian , Lohse Detlef
Published: August 2022

Phase segregation triggered by selective evaporation can emerge in multicomponent systems, leading to complex physiochemical hydrodynamics. Recently, Li et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 120, 2018, 224501) and Kim & Stone (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 850, 2018, pp. 769–783) reported a segregative behaviour (i.e. demixing) in an evaporating binary droplet. In this work, by means of experiments and theoretical analysis, we investigate the flow dynamics after the occurrence of the phase segregation. As example, we take the 1,2-hexanediol–water binary droplet system. First, we reveal experimentally the overall physiochemical hydrodynamics of the evaporation process, including the segregative behaviour and the resulting flow structure close to the substrate. By quantifying the evolution of the radial flow, we identify three successive life stages of the evaporation process. At Stage I, a radially outward flow is observed, driven by the Marangoni effect. At the transition to Stage II, the radial flow reverses partially, starting from the contact line. This flow breaks the axial symmetry and remarkably is driven by the segregation itself. Finally at Stage III, the flow decays as the evaporation ceases gradually. At this stage, the segregation has grown to the entire droplet, and the flow is again controlled by the Marangoni effect. The resulting Marangoni flow homogenizes the distribution of the entrapped volatile water over the whole droplet.
Non-continuum effects on a squeezed gas film in a two-dimensional acoustic resonator
Authors: Manela A. , Ben-Ami Y.
Published: August 2022

We study the effect of gas rarefaction and wall confinement on the propagation of vibroacoustic disturbances in a microchannel, generated by non-uniform (localized) time-harmonic oscillations of one of the channel walls. The problem is studied in the entire range of gas rarefaction rates, combining continuum and free-molecular limit analyses with direct simulation Monte Carlo calculations. Gas rarefaction is found to strongly increase the signal decay rate, varying between a slowly decaying propagating wave parallel to the channel walls at continuum conditions, to a near-source confined acoustic perturbation in the free-molecular regime. The impact of the stationary scattering wall is examined in detail, and the effect of replacing between fully diffuse and specular boundary reflections is found to slightly reduce the decay rate of the signal. The frequency dependence of the force generated by the gas film on the channel walls is calculated. Here, gas rarefaction smooths the transition between resonance and antiresonance behaviours observed in the continuum regime. A model set-up of a fully specular channel with a point delta source is examined, for which closed-form expressions are found for the effect of the stationary wall on the hydrodynamic perturbations and the acoustic force. These expressions assist in rationalizing the fundamental effect of the scattering wall on the system response.
Rabbi Balfour Brickner, Interreligious Dialogue, and the Ironies of Liberal Zionism in America, 1967‒1980
Authors: ROSSINOW DOUG
Published: August 2022

After the June 1967 Middle East war, liberal Zionism in the United States was transformed from an assumption into an embattled claim. From the 1940s to the 1960s, most Americans had assumed that liberalism and Zionism went together naturally. Only under pressure of criticism did liberal Zionists emerge as a self-aware faction within American Zionism. Starting in 1967, among the first to question the assumption of liberal Zionism were progressive Protestants, and fissures around Zionism among American progressives appeared in interreligious dialogue between Reform Jews and liberal white Protestants. Rabbi Balfour Brickner, a leading liberal Reform rabbi and a key interlocutor for such Protestants, stood in the thick of this dialogue, and his negotiation of liberal Zionism's passage from assumption to claim reveals that transformation vividly.
When utilitarianism dominates justice as fairness: an economic defence of utilitarianism from the original position
Authors: Chung Hun
Published: August 2022

The original position together with the veil of ignorance have served as one of the main methodological devices to justify principles of distributive justice. Most approaches to this topic have primarily focused on the single person decision-theoretic aspect of the original position. This paper, in contrast, will directly model the basic structure and the economic agents therein to project the economic consequences and social outcomes generated either by utilitarianism or Rawls’s two principles of justice. It will be shown that when the differences in people’s productive abilities are sufficiently great, utilitarianism dominates Rawls’s two principles of justice by providing a higher level of overall well-being to every member of society. Whenever this is the case, the parties can rely on the Principle of Dominance (which is a direct implication of instrumental rationality) to choose utilitarianism over Rawls’s two principles of justice. Furthermore, when this is so, utilitarianism is free from one of its most fundamental criticisms that it ‘does not take seriously the distinction between persons’ (Rawls 1971 [1999]: 24).
Is there any suitable habitat left for the Critically Endangered Gurney’s Pitta’s in Thailand? Implications for species management
Authors: Savini Tommaso , Gale George A. , Sukumal Niti
Published: August 2022

Severe habitat loss has been widely suggested as the main cause for the near disappearance of Gurney’s Pitta across its range, with the species having been functionally extirpated from Thailand, and heavily reduced in Myanmar. Here we provide an overview of the decline in available habitat in the Thai portion of the range and the species prospects for reintroduction anywhere in Thailand. Little suitable habitat for the species has remained in the Thai part of its range since 1986, when the species was rediscovered and it has since declined to a level where viable populations cannot be found. Lowland forest (<150 m asl) has been heavily fragmented with most remaining habitat found in patches smaller than 1 km2and only 13 ranging between 1 and 5 km2. Under current conditions, viable populations of the species cannot be reintroduced into the wild. However, maintaining a free-ranging, captive population may be possible as several of the remaining small habitat patches are legally protected, although they would require substantial management.
A Qualitative Longitudinal Study of Injuries and Medical Care, Assistance, and Losses Recounted by Oklahoma City Bombing Survivors after Nearly a Quarter Century
Authors: North Carol S. , McDonald Katy , Surís Alina
Published: August 2022

Introduction:

Terrorist incidents occur with alarming frequency. Much is known about acute injuries and psychopathology arising from terrorism, as well as medical care and functional status assessed in early post-disaster periods. Survivors’ memories of these experiences may change over subsequent decades, and their perspectives may evolve. Little information is available on how survivors describe these experiences decades later.

Study Objective:

This longitudinal qualitative study of directly-exposed survivors of the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing was conducted nearly a quarter century after the disaster. It collected systematic, open-ended descriptions of survivors’ injuries and medical care, assistance received and given, and disaster-associated losses. It sought to illuminate whether survivors recall long-term consequences of disaster exposure so long after the event, providing important details with great clarity and associated emotion, or alternatively lose memory and sharpness of recollection for these aspects of their bombing experience.

Methods:

A sample of 182 bombing survivors was randomly recruited from a state registry of 1,092 bombing survivors and interviewed at approximately six months after the bombing (71% participation). The sample was re-interviewed an average of 23 years after the disaster (72% follow-up participation) using an open-ended interview with survivors describing in their own words their personal experience of the bombing and its effects on their lives. The interviews were audio recorded and professionally transcribed. Themes were identified in the text of the interviews, and passages were coded using qualitative software, achieving excellent inter-rater reliability for each theme. This article covers three of twelve total themes identified.

Results:

Nearly a quarter century after the bombing, this highly trauma-exposed Oklahoma City bombing survivor sample had memories that were still vivid, graphic, and evocative. They described injuries and medical care, assistance given and received, and losses with great detail and intensity. Despite the continuing strong emotions expressed by these survivors in relation to the bombing, the qualitative content suggested that lasting psychopathology was not a central concern.

Conclusion:

This is one of the longest prospective longitudinal, qualitative studies ever conducted with highly trauma-exposed survivors of a terrorist bombing. These findings are critical to disaster emergency response and effective management of the disaster response and early care for the survivors, as the effects of the disaster may shape the rest of their lives.
Underestimated but Undeterred: The 27th Amendment and the Power of Tenacious Citizenship
Authors: Elkins Zachary S.
Published: August 2022

The 200-year gestation and birth of the 27th Amendment to the US Constitution is nothing short of miraculous in its duration and improbable finish. The 27th Amendment represents a story of tenacity and personal vindication in the face of steep odds. This article recounts the event and its meaning through interviews with the protagonists.
Stress, resilience and coping in psychological wellbeing practitioner trainees: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Owen Joel , Cross Solange , Mergia Vasiliki , Fisher Paul
Published: August 2022

In this study, a convergent parallel mixed-methods design was used to explore stress, resilience and coping in psychological wellbeing practitioner (PWP) trainees (n = 90) at the beginning of their training. Psychometric tests were used to measure levels of self-reported stress, resilience and dispositional coping styles. Open-text survey data regarding the perceived sources of stress at the beginning of training were also qualitatively analysed using thematic analysis (TA). Results indicated that in the early weeks of their training, trainees reported lower levels of resilience and higher levels of stress than those found in the general population. Statistically significant negative correlations were found between stress and resilience, and between stress and the coping styles ‘Planning’, and ‘Active Coping’. Statistically significant positive correlations were found between stress and the coping styles of ‘Denial’ and ‘Focus on and Venting of Emotions’. The qualitative findings provided a context within which to understand these quantitative results. The three themes ‘I can find the unknown quite unsettling’, ‘I question my competences’ and ‘Learning, consolidating and putting it all into practice’ were generated through the qualitative analysis. These themes were connected by an over-arching theme which suggests that the perceived responsibility of the role is an important source of stress for PWP trainees. Implications for future research and the training of PWPs are discussed.

Key learning aims

(1)

To establish the levels and perceived sources of stress in trainee PWPs at the beginning of their training.

(2)

To identify relationships between stress and resilience, and between stress and styles of coping at the beginning of training.

(3)

To use a mixed-methods approach to provide a comprehensive account of stress at the outset of training.
Investigating the Physical Drivers for the Increasing Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Hazard in the United States
Authors: Xi Dazhi , Lin Ning
Published: August 2022

In this study, we investigate both the changes of tropical cyclone (TC) rainfall hazard in the United States under climate change and the relative importance of the factors that cause the changes. We find that under the SSP5 8.5 scenario, the 100‐year TC rainfall level can increase by up to 320% along the U.S. coastline by the end of this century. The influence of TC rainfall‐producing ability increase is more significant than the influence of TC frequency increase on the increase of the 100‐year TC rainfall level (up to 180% vs. 60% increase). Among the different physical drivers for the increase in storm rainfall‐producing ability, the increase of TC intensity is the leading factor, followed by changes in TC duration and atmospheric temperature. The projected increase of TC rainfall hazard is robust against the uncertainty in the TC frequency projection.
Diurnal Variability in EMIRS Daytime Observations of Water Ice Clouds During Mars Aphelion‐Season
Authors: Atwood Samuel A. , Smith Michael D. , Badri Khalid , Edwards Christopher S. , Christensen Philip R. , Wolff Michael J. , Forget François , Anwar Saadat , Smith Nathan , El‐Maarry M. R.
Published: August 2022

Diurnal analyses of water ice cloud optical depths retrieved from thermal infrared spectra by the Emirates Mars Infrared Spectrometer showed changing cloud abundance throughout the Martian day. Observations began with the start of the Emirates Mars Mission science phase near the beginning of aphelion‐season in Mars Year 36 and included the prominent aphelion cloud belt (ACB) and orographic clouds in the vicinity of volcanoes. A midday minimum with higher morning and afternoon optical depths was typical for the ACB, though with considerable spatial variability in this diurnal pattern. Clouds near volcanoes reached a minimum before local noon and tended to increase in abundance throughout the afternoon. Comparisons against the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique global circulation model showed analogous spatial patterns in the diurnal signal, which suggested thermal tides and topographic effects to be the predominant drivers of ACB variability, while more localized circulations affected volcano clouds.
Competing Controls of Effective Stress Variation and Chloritization on Friction and Stability of Faults in Granite: Implications for Seismicity Triggered by Fluid Injection
Authors: Zhang Fengshou , Huang Rui , An Mengke , Min Ki‐Bok , Elsworth Derek , Hofmann Hannes , Wang Xiaoguang
Published: August 2022

Fluids injection for hydraulic stimulation and fracturing, typical in the development of enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) in granites, can reactivate deep faults and induce seismicity. Such faults typically contain chlorite coatings as an alteration product that may impact styles of deformation—aseismic through seismic. We performed low velocity shear experiments on simulated granite fault gouges under conditions typifying a geothermal reservoir at ∼4‐km depth with a confining pressure of 110 MPa, a temperature of 150°C, fluid pressures of 21–80 MPa, and chlorite contents of 0–100%, to investigate the influence of variation in effective stress and mineral composition on fault strength and stability. Our results show a transition from velocity‐strengthening to velocity‐weakening behavior in simulated granite gouge when the effective confining pressure was reduced from 89 to 30 MPa, characterized by a transition from fault compaction to dilation—as revealed by microstructural observations—with implications in enabling unstable failure. Conversely, increasing chlorite content stabilizes slip but reduces frictional strength. The microstructures of these mixed gouges exhibit shear localized on chlorite‐enriched planes and promoting fault sliding. These results suggest that earthquake ruptures occurring during fluid injection can be facilitated by effective stress variations and that both controlling fluid overpressures (effective stresses) and being aware of the presence of alteration minerals are both important controls in mitigating such injection‐induced seismic risks.
A CRISPRi/a platform in human iPSC-derived microglia uncovers regulators of disease states
Authors: Dräger Nina M. , Sattler Sydney M. , Huang Cindy Tzu-Ling , Teter Olivia M. , Leng Kun , Hashemi Sayed Hadi , Hong Jason , Aviles Giovanni , Clelland Claire D. , Zhan Lihong , Udeochu Joe C. , Kodama Lay , Singleton Andrew B. , Nalls Mike A. , Ichida Justin , Ward Michael E. , Faghri Faraz , Gan Li , Kampmann Martin
Published: August 2022

Microglia are emerging as key drivers of neurological diseases. However, we lack a systematic understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Here, we present a screening platform to systematically elucidate functional consequences of genetic perturbations in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia. We developed an efficient 8-day protocol for the generation of microglia-like cells based on the inducible expression of six transcription factors. We established inducible CRISPR interference and activation in this system and conducted three screens targeting the ‘druggable genome’. These screens uncovered genes controlling microglia survival, activation and phagocytosis, including neurodegeneration-associated genes. A screen with single-cell RNA sequencing as the readout revealed that these microglia adopt a spectrum of states mirroring those observed in human brains and identified regulators of these states. A disease-associated state characterized by osteopontin (SPP1) expression was selectively depleted by colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF1R) inhibition. Thus, our platform can systematically uncover regulators of microglial states, enabling their functional characterization and therapeutic targeting.
The Leaf Clinical Trials Corpus: a new resource for query generation from clinical trial eligibility criteria
Authors: Dobbins Nicholas J. , Mullen Tony , Uzuner Özlem , Yetisgen Meliha
Published: August 2022

Identifying cohorts of patients based on eligibility criteria such as medical conditions, procedures, and medication use is critical to recruitment for clinical trials. Such criteria are often most naturally described in free-text, using language familiar to clinicians and researchers. In order to identify potential participants at scale, these criteria must first be translated into queries on clinical databases, which can be labor-intensive and error-prone. Natural language processing (NLP) methods offer a potential means of such conversion into database queries automatically. However they must first be trained and evaluated using corpora which capture clinical trials criteria in sufficient detail. In this paper, we introduce the Leaf Clinical Trials (LCT) corpus, a human-annotated corpus of over 1,000 clinical trial eligibility criteria descriptions using highly granular structured labels capturing a range of biomedical phenomena. We provide details of our schema, annotation process, corpus quality, and statistics. Additionally, we present baseline information extraction results on this corpus as benchmarks for future work.
3D Paper-based milk adulteration detection device
Authors: Patari Subhashis , Datta Priyankan , Mahapatra Pallab Sinha
Published: August 2022

Milk adulteration is a common problem in developing countries, and it can lead to fatal diseases in humans. Despite several studies to identify different adulterants in milk samples, the effects of multiple adulterants remain unexplored. In this work, a three-dimensional (3D) paper-based microfluidic device is designed and fabricated to simultaneously detect multiple chemical adulterants in milk. This device comprises a top cover, a bottom cover, and a middle layer composed of transportation and a detection zone. By making cuts on the middle layer’s support, the device’s flow path is characterised by optimum and uniform velocity. For the first time, seven adulterants (urea, detergents, soap, starch, hydrogen peroxide, sodium-hydrogen-carbonate, and salt) are detected in the milk sample simultaneously with specificity evaluation and detailed color interference analysis. Only 1–2 mL of sample volume is required to detect 7 adulterants at one time. We have used only 10 $$\upmu$$
μ
L of the reagent’s volume for the colorimetric reaction and found the results within a few seconds. Observation reveals that the limit of detection (LOD) of the adulterants lies in the range between $$0.05\%$$

0.05
%

(vol./vol.) to $$0.2\%$$

0.2
%

(vol./vol.) using the colorimetric detection technique. The unknown quantity of the added adulterants is measured using the calibration curves obtained from the experiments results. The repeatability and reproducibility of the process, sensitivity, and the linear range of detection of the calibration curves and the statistical study of the color intensity data are thoroughly analysed herein. In any resource-limited setting, this simple, portable, and user-friendly 3D microfluidic device is expected to be used for testing liquid foods before consumption.
Pivotal models and biomarkers related to the prognosis of breast cancer based on the immune cell interaction network
Authors: Liu Rui , Yang Xin , Quan Yuhang , Tang Yiyin , Lai Yafang , Wang Maohua , Wu Anhao
Published: August 2022

The effect of breast cancer heterogeneity on prognosis of patients is still unclear, especially the role of immune cells in prognosis of breast cancer. In this study, single cell transcriptome sequencing data of breast cancer were used to analyze the relationship between breast cancer heterogeneity and prognosis. In this study, 14 cell clusters were identified in two single-cell datasets (GSE75688 and G118389). Proportion analysis of immune cells showed that NK cells were significantly aggregated in triple negative breast cancer, and the proportion of macrophages was significantly increased in primary breast cancer, while B cells, T cells, and neutrophils may be involved in the metastasis of breast cancer. The results of ligand receptor interaction network revealed that macrophages and DC cells were the most frequently interacting cells with other cells in breast cancer. The results of WGCNA analysis suggested that the MEblue module is most relevant to the overall survival time of triple negative breast cancer. Twenty-four prognostic genes in the blue module were identified by univariate Cox regression analysis and KM survival analysis. Multivariate regression analysis combined with risk analysis was used to analyze 24 prognostic genes to construct a prognostic model. The verification result of our prognostic model showed that there were significant differences in the expression of PCDH12, SLIT3, ACVRL1, and DLL4 genes between the high-risk group and the low-risk group, which can be used as prognostic biomarkers.
Large carnivores and naturalness affect forest recreational value
Authors: Giergiczny Marek , Swenson Jon E. , Zedrosser Andreas , Selva Nuria
Published: August 2022

Recreation is a crucial contribution of nature to people, relevant for forest ecosystems. Large carnivores (LCs) are important components of forests, however, their contribution to forest recreational value has not yet been evaluated. Given the current expansion of LC populations, the ongoing forest conservation debate, and the increasing use of nature for recreational purposes, this is a timely study. We used discrete choice experiments and willingness-to-travel to determine people’ preferences for both forest structural characteristics and presence of four LC species in Poland (N = 1097 respondents) and Norway (N = 1005). In both countries, two-thirds of the respondents (termed ‘wildness-positive’) perceived LCs as contributing positively to forest recreational value and preferred to visit old forests with trees of different species and ages and presence of dead wood (i.e. natural forests). Respondents with negative preferences towards LCs preferred more intensively managed forest (‘wildness-negative’); their preferences were stronger than in wildness-positive respondents and in Norway. Preferences towards wild nature were highly polarized and there were hardly neutral people. Our results showed a strong link between preferences for LC presence and forest structure, and reflected the dualism of human-nature relationships. This study highlights the need to consider the contribution of forests and LCs to human recreation services in ecosystem management policies.
Multiobjective reconfiguration of unbalanced distribution networks using improved transient search optimization algorithm considering power quality and reliability metrics
Authors: Alanazi Mohana , Alanazi Abdulaziz , Almadhor Ahmad , Memon Zulfiqar Ali
Published: August 2022

This paper proposes a new intelligent algorithm named improved transient search optimization algorithm (ITSOA) integrated with multiobjective optimization for determining the optimal configuration of an unbalanced distribution network. The conventional transient search optimization algorithm (TSOA) is improved with opposition learning and nonlinearly decreasing strategies for enhancing the convergence to find the global solution and obtain a desirable balance between local and global search. The multiobjective function includes different objectives such as power loss reduction, enhancement of voltage sag and unbalance, and network energy not supplied minimization. The decision variables of the reconfiguration problem including opened switches or identification of optimal network configuration are determined using ITSOA and satisfying operational and radiality constraints. The proposed methodology is implemented on unbalanced 13-bus and 118-bus networks. The results showed that the proposed ITSOA is capable to find the optimal network configuration for enhancing the different objectives in loading conditions. The results cleared the proposed methodology's good effectiveness, especially in power quality and reliability enhancement, without compromising the different objectives. Comparing ITSOA to conventional TSOA, particle swarm optimization (PSO), gray wolf optimization (GWO), bat algorithm (BA), manta ray foraging optimization (MRFO), and ant lion Optimizer (ALO), and previous approaches, it is concluded that ITSOA in improving the different objectives.
Performance of abbreviated protocols versus unenhanced MRI in detecting occult breast lesions of mammography in patients with dense breasts
Authors: Chen Peipei , Shao Guangrui , Li Baijie , Zhang Huikun , Xiao Juan , Zhao Suhong
Published: August 2022

To assess the diagnostic ability of abbreviated protocols of MRI (AP-MRI) compared with unenhanced MRI (UE-MRI) in mammographically occult cancers in patients with dense breast tissue. The retrospective analysis consisted of 102 patients without positive findings on mammography who received preoperative MRI full diagnostic protocols (FDP) between January 2015 and December 2018. Two breast radiologists read the UE, AP, and FDP. The interpretation times were recorded. The comparisons of the sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve of each MRI protocol, and the sensitivity of these protocols in each subgroup of different size tumors used the Chi-square test. The paired sample t-test was used for evaluating the difference of reading time of the three protocols. Among 102 women, there were 68 cancers and two benign lesions in 64 patients and 38 patients had benign or negative findings. Both readers found the sensitivity and specificity of AP and UE-MRI were similar (p > 0.05), whereas compared with FDP, UE had lower sensitivity (Reader 1/Reader 2: p = 0.023, 0.004). For different lesion size groups, one of the readers found that AP and FDP had higher sensitivities than UE-MRI for detecting the lesions ≤ 10 mm in diameter (p = 0.041, p = 0.023). Compared with FDP, the average reading time of UE-MRI and AP was remarkably reduced (p < 0.001). AP-MRI had more advantages than UE-MRI to detect mammographically occult cancers, especially for breast tumors ≤ 10 mm in diameter.
Testing the applicability and performance of Auto ML for potential applications in diagnostic neuroradiology
Authors: Musigmann Manfred , Akkurt Burak Han , Krähling Hermann , Nacul Nabila Gala , Remonda Luca , Sartoretti Thomas , Henssen Dylan , Brokinkel Benjamin , Stummer Walter , Heindel Walter , Mannil Manoj
Published: August 2022

To investigate the applicability and performance of automated machine learning (AutoML) for potential applications in diagnostic neuroradiology. In the medical sector, there is a rapidly growing demand for machine learning methods, but only a limited number of corresponding experts. The comparatively simple handling of AutoML should enable even non-experts to develop adequate machine learning models with manageable effort. We aim to investigate the feasibility as well as the advantages and disadvantages of developing AutoML models compared to developing conventional machine learning models. We discuss the results in relation to a concrete example of a medical prediction application. In this retrospective IRB-approved study, a cohort of 107 patients who underwent gross total meningioma resection and a second cohort of 31 patients who underwent subtotal resection were included. Image segmentation of the contrast enhancing parts of the tumor was performed semi-automatically using the open-source software platform 3D Slicer. A total of 107 radiomic features were extracted by hand-delineated regions of interest from the pre-treatment MRI images of each patient. Within the AutoML approach, 20 different machine learning algorithms were trained and tested simultaneously. For comparison, a neural network and different conventional machine learning algorithms were trained and tested. With respect to the exemplary medical prediction application used in this study to evaluate the performance of Auto ML, namely the pre-treatment prediction of the achievable resection status of meningioma, AutoML achieved remarkable performance nearly equivalent to that of a feed-forward neural network with a single hidden layer. However, in the clinical case study considered here, logistic regression outperformed the AutoML algorithm. Using independent test data, we observed the following classification results (AutoML/neural network/logistic regression): mean area under the curve = 0.849/0.879/0.900, mean accuracy = 0.821/0.839/0.881, mean kappa = 0.465/0.491/0.644, mean sensitivity = 0.578/0.577/0.692 and mean specificity = 0.891/0.914/0.936. The results obtained with AutoML are therefore very promising. However, the AutoML models in our study did not yet show the corresponding performance of the best models obtained with conventional machine learning methods. While AutoML may facilitate and simplify the task of training and testing machine learning algorithms as applied in the field of neuroradiology and medical imaging, a considerable amount of expert knowledge may still be needed to develop models with the highest possible discriminatory power for diagnostic neuroradiology.
Marginal integrity of classical and bulk-fill composite restorations in permanent and primary molars
Authors: Hamza Blend , Zimmerman Marcus , Attin Thomas , Tauböck Tobias T.
Published: August 2022

Bulk-fill composites enable timesaving and less technical-sensitive application of restorations. This study investigated and compared the marginal integrity of classical and bulk-fill composite restorations in primary and permanent molars before and after thermo-mechanical loading (TML). Two Class II cavities were prepared in each of 20 primary and 20 permanent molars. The molars were randomised in four groups for each molar type. Groups 1 and 5 were restored with a high-viscous bulk-fill composite (Tetric PowerFill), groups 2 and 6 were restored with a flowable bulk-fill composite (Tetric PowerFlow), groups 3 and 7 were restored with a high-viscous classical composite (Tetric Prime), and groups 4 and 8 were restored with a flowable classical composite (Tetric EvoFlow). In permanent molars, the flowable composites were covered with a 2-mm layer of high-viscous composite (groups 6 and 8). The restorations were subjected to TML in a custom-made chewing machine (5–50 °C, 2 min dwelling time, × 1000; 400 ,000 loading cycles, 1.7 Hz, 49 N), and quantitative marginal analysis was conducted using scanning electron microscopy. Marginal integrity of each restoration was calculated as a percentage of continuous margins before and after TML. The tested high-viscous bulk-fill restoration showed similarly high marginal integrity in primary and permanent molars as the classical restoration. The tested flowable bulk-fill restoration showed the lowest marginal integrity compared to all other restorations after TML. In contrast to flowable bulk-fill restorations, high-viscous bulk-fill restorations show similar marginal integrity as classical hybrid composite restorations after TML, in both primary and permanent molars.
Synthesis of Ag nanoparticles by Celery leaves extract supported on magnetic biochar substrate, as a catalyst for the reduction reactions
Authors: Taheri Sahar , Heravi Majid M. , Mohammadi Pourya
Published: August 2022

Green synthesis of a noble metal such as Ag nanoparticles is an enormously developed research area. In this study, a biochar/Fe3O4–Ag magnetic nanocatalyst was produced via a green path by using Celery stalk as a carbon-based substrate and Celery leaf extract as reducing and stabilizing agents to construct Ag nanoparticles. The synthesized nanocatalyst was determined using various techniques, such as UV–Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, XRD (X-ray diffraction), SEM/EDX spectroscopy (scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray), TEM (transmission electron microscopy), and VSM (vibrating sample magnetometer). To survey the catalytic action of the biochar/Fe3O4–Ag nanocatalyst, it was used in the reduction reaction of disparate nitroaromatics, aldehydes, and ketones. This catalyst has demonstrated good characteristics in terms of the amount, reusability, recoverability, activity, and structural integrity of the catalyst during the reaction. In addition, biochar/Fe3O4–Ag could be detached magnetically and recycled multiple times without significantly reducing its catalytic performance.
Formation of nanostructured silicas through the fluoride catalysed self-polymerization of Q-type functional silica cages
Authors: Hu Nai-hsuan , Sims Cory B. , Schrand Tyler V. , Haver Kathryn M. , Armenta Herenia Espitia , Furgal Joseph C.
Published: August 2022

Octa(dimethylsiloxy)silica cages (Q8M8H) undergo rapid self-polymerization in the presence of a fluoride catalyst to form complex 3D porous structural network materials with specific surface areas up to 650 m2 g−1.
An aqueous copper battery enabled by Cu2+/Cu+ and Cu3+/Cu2+ redox conversion chemistry
Authors: Duan Zeang , Zhao Jiajin , Qi Yadi , Li Ruyue , Wang Wenfeng , Peng Qiuming , Han Shumin , Zhang Lu
Published: August 2022

An aqueous copper battery comprising of an activated carbon cathode and Cu anode operating on Cu2+/Cu and Cu3+/Cu2+vs. Cu+/Cu via a cuprous (Cu+) chloridum complex charge carrier in a 30 m choline chloride + 1 m CuCl2 electrolyte is presented.
Crystal engineering of molecules with through-space α-effect hydrogen bonds: 3a,6 : 7,9a-diepoxybenzo[de]isoquinolines possessing a free amino group
Authors: Antonova Alexandra S. , Nikitina Eugeniya V. , Valchuk Karina S. , Grigoriev Mikhail S. , Gomila Rosa M. , Frontera Antonio , Zubkov Fedor I.
Published: August 2022

The existence of a “through-space” alpha-effect is analyzed in all-cis 3a,6 : 4,5 : 7,9a-triepoxy and 3a,6 : 7,9a-diepoxybenzo[de]isoquinolines. It is demonstrated that the H-bonds are enhanced by the α-effect.
Self-assembly of [Sn(OPMe3)3(CF3SO3)2]6 metallocyclic Sn(ii) hexamer stacks with CF3-lined channel interiors
Authors: Cairns Kelsey R. , King Rhys P. , Levason William , Reid Gillian
Published: August 2022

The preparation, spectroscopic and structural characterisation of a [Sn(OPMe3)3(CF3SO3)2]6, a Sn(ii)-based metallocyclic hexamer, containing hydrophobic CF3-lined 8.0 Å diameter channels is reported.
3D relaxation-assisted separation of wideline solid-state NMR patterns for achieving site resolution
Authors: Altenhof Adam R. , Jaroszewicz Michael J. , Frydman Lucio , Schurko Robert W.
Published: August 2022

High-resolution separation of overlapped wideline solid-state NMR patterns is achieved with regularized 3D relaxation assisted separation (RAS).
Complexity and bifurcations in the motion of a self-propelled rectangle confined in a circular water chamber
Authors: Kitahata Hiroyuki , Koyano Yuki , Löffler Richard J.G. , Górecki Jerzy
Published: August 2022

A self-propelled rectangle shows star polygonal motion or reciprocal motion depending on the supply rate of surface-active molecules.
Unravelling the robustness of magnetic anisotropy of a nickelocene molecule in different environments: a first-principles-based study
Authors: Wang Yu , Li Xiaoguang
Published: August 2022

We demonstrate that the nickelocene molecule almost preserves its spin and magnetic anisotropy upon adsorption on Cu(100), and also in the position of the tip apex using an embedding DFT+CASSCF method.
Targeting integrin αvβ6 with gallium-68 tris (hydroxypyridinone) based PET probes
Authors: Floresta Giuseppe , Memdouh Siham , Pham Truc , Ma Michelle T. , Blower Philip J. , Hider Robert C. , Abbate Vincenzo , Cilibrizzi Agostino
Published: August 2022

Two 68Ga-radiolabeled integrin αvβ6-peptide-THPs to enable in vivo monitoring of the transmembrane receptor αvβ6 integrin, by taking advantage of THP chemistry for rapid, efficient and stable gallium chelation.
Atmospheric-pressure synthesis of glycerol carbonate from CO2 and glycerol catalyzed by protic ionic liquids
Authors: Luo Cong , Wang Jiayi , Lu Houfang , Wu Kejing , Liu Yingying , Zhu Yingming , Wang Binshen , Liang Bin
Published: August 2022

Under atmospheric pressure, a synthesis of glycerol carbonate was achieved in the one-pot reaction of CO2, glycerol, and styrene oxide with a 94% yield.
Hybrid suture coating for dual-staged control over antibacterial actions to match well wound healing progression
Authors: Chen Ying-Ge , Li Chu-Xin , Zhang Yu , Qi Yong-Dan , Liu Xin-Hua , Feng Jun , Zhang Xian-Zheng
Published: August 2022

We design a coating composed of poly(tannic acid) and tannic acid monomer on sutures for dual-staged control over antibacterial actions. These coated sutures present excellent antibacterial and anti-inflammation activities and considerably improve wound healing.
Preparation of a gold@europium-based coordination polymer nanocomposite with excellent photothermal properties and its potential for four-mode imaging
Authors: Xia Faming , Gao Xuejiao , Shen Xiaomei , Xu Hualan , Zhong Shengliang
Published: August 2022

A nanocomposite was synthesized by replacing the toxic CTAB on the surface of GNRs with a europium-based hyaluronic acid coordination polymer. The nanocomposite exhibits excellent photothermal performance and also has potential for four-mode imaging.
Cu-Doped magnetic loofah biochar for tetracycline degradation via peroxymonosulfate activation
Authors: Zhang Dajie , Sun Jiabao , Li Qiang , Song Haocheng , Xia Dongsheng
Published: August 2022

The Cu-doped deactivated magnetic biochar exhibited high PMS activation to degrade TC with a high removal rate of 97.6%.
Self-[3+2] annulation reaction of pyridinium salts: synthesis of N-indolizine-substituted pyridine-2(1H)-ones
Authors: Cao Yu , Shi Qiyuan , Gao Kai , Shao Jiaan , Zhu Huajian , Zeng Linghui , Zhang Chong , Xi Jianjun , Zhuang Rangxiao , Zhang Jiankang
Published: August 2022

A self-[3+2] annulation reaction of pyridinium salts has been developed for the synthesis of N-indolizine-substituted pyridine-2(1H)-ones.
Annulation strategies for diverse heterocycles via the reductive transformation of 2-nitrostyrenes
Authors: Khanal Hari Datta , Perumal Muthuraja , Lee Yong Rok
Published: August 2022

This review discusses the synthetic progress achieved by reductive transformations of 2-nitrostyrenes, identifies its limitations, and looks forward to the future possibilities for use as novel synthetic candidates.
Regioselective access to di- and trisubstituted pyridines via a metal-oxidant-solvent-free domino reaction involving 3-chloropropiophenones
Authors: Patel Ashvani Kumar , Rathor Shikha Singh , Samanta Sampak
Published: August 2022

A metal-oxidant-solvent-free domino reaction of 3-chloropropiophenones, enolizable ketones and NH4OAc under an open atmosphere has been developed. This process generates a series of di- and trisubstituted pyridines regioselectively.