bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A multicenter, open label, randomized phase III study of atezolizumab with platinum-pemetrexed and with or without bevacizumab for patients with advanced nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (WJOG11218L APPLE Study).
Authors: Shiraishi Yoshimasa , Daga Haruko , Ikeda Satoshi , Hata Akito , Mizutani Hideaki , Sakamoto Tomohiro , Saito Haruhiro , Hataji Osamu , Tanaka Hiroshi , Horiike Atsushi , Saka Hideo , Shimokawa Tsuneo , Mori Masahide , Hirano Katsuya , Azuma Koichi , Mitsudomi Tetsuya , Seto Takashi , Yamamoto Nobuyuki , Nakagawa Kazuhiko , Okamoto Isamu
Published: May 2019

TPS9125

Background: First-line treatment of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has undergone a paradigm shift to platinum combination therapy together with an immune-checkpoint inhibitor. Bevacizumab is expected to enhance not only chemotherapy but also the efficacy of immune-checkpoint inhibitors through blockade of vascular endothelial growth factor–mediated immunosuppression. The aim of this trial is to demonstrate an additional effect of bevacizumab administered together with platinum combination therapy and the immune-checkpoint inhibitor atezolizumab in patients with advanced nonsquamous NSCLC. Methods: Cytotoxic chemotherapy–naïve patients aged 20 years or older with a performance status of 0 or 1 are randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either atezolizumab plus pemetrexed-carboplatin (APP) or atezolizumab, pemetrexed-carboplatin, and bevacizumab (APPB). Patients with genetic driver alterations such as those affecting EGFR or ALK are included if they have experienced disease progression or unacceptable side effects during treatment with at least one approved tyrosine kinase inhibitor. After four cycles of induction therapy, maintenance therapy with atezolizumab plus pemetrexed or with atezolizumab plus pemetrexed plus bevacizumab is administered for up to 2 years until evidence of disease progression or development of unacceptable toxicity. The primary end point is progression-free survival (according to central image review). Secondary end points are progression-free survival (determined by the attending physician), overall survival, response rate, response duration, and adverse events. Stratification factors are PD-L1 tumor proportion score (≥50% vs. < 50%), stage, and driver gene alterations. We determined that, with a sample size of 350 patients (175 in each arm), the trial will have 80% power to show a hazard ratio for disease progression or death of 0.727 at a one-sided alpha level of 0.025 (as calculated on the basis of 311 such events) for comparison between the APPB and APP groups. Clinical trial information: 194565.
A phase II, open label, randomized controlled trial of nivolumab plus ipilimumab with stereotactic radiotherapy versus ipilimumab plus nivolumab alone in patients with melanoma brain metastases (ABC-X Trial).
Authors: Gonzalez Maria , Hong Angela M. , Carlino Matteo S. , Atkinson Victoria , Wang Wei , Lo Serigne , Brown Michael Paul , Foote Matthew C. , Pinkham Mark B. , Le Hien , Roos Daniel E. , Osorio Monica , Haghighi Neda , Kok David , Postow Michael A. , McArthur Grant A. , Menzies Alexander M. , Long Georgina V.
Published: May 2019

TPS9600

Background: Nivolumab combined with ipilimumab is active in melanoma brain metastases, with intracranial response rates > 55% and durable survival in treatment naïve patients (pts) (Long GV et al Lancet Onc 2018; Tawbi H et al NEJM 2018). We seek to determine if the addition of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRS) results in improved intracranial outcomes. Methods: This is a multisite, open-label, phase 2 trial in systemic treatment-naïve pts with melanoma brain metastases. Pts must have ≥1 asymptomatic brain metastases that are ≥5mm and ≤40mm as per modified RECIST 1.1, on gadolinium-enhanced MRI, and no history of previous treatment with SRS. Eligible pts are randomly assigned to either receive nivolumab plus ipilimumab with SRS or nivolumab plus ipilimumab alone. Nivolumab (1mg/kg) and ipilimumab (3mg/kg) are given every 3 weeks for 4 doses. Following induction, 480mg nivolumab is given every 4 weeks until progression, unacceptable toxicity, or a maximum of 2 years. SRS is administered as single fraction of 16-22Gy, or hypofractionated for larger lesions (24-27Gy in 3 fractions), within 7 days of immunotherapy commencement. Pts will be evaluated for intracranial and extracranial tumour response, and overall response, every 6 weeks to week 24 and 12 weekly thereafter until overall disease progression or death. The primary endpoint is neurologic specific survival (NSS) at 12 months. Secondary endpoints include intracranial response rate, intracranial PFS, overall PFS, overall progression free survival, overall survival, neurocognitive function and incidence of radiation necrosis. 109 patients in each cohort (218 total) will achieve > 80% power at the significance level (alpha) of 0.10 to detect a minimum absolute increase of 9% in the NSS rate at 12 months. Clinical trial information: NCT03340129.
Phase II single-arm multicenter study of adjuvant ipilimumab in combination with nivolumab in subjects with high-risk ocular melanoma.
Authors: Rapisuwon Suthee , Patel Sapna Pradyuman , Carvajal Richard D. , Hernandez-Aya Leonel Fernando , Tsai Katy K. , Chandra Sunandana , Tan Ming Tony , Daud Adil , Sosman Jeffrey Alan , Atkins Michael B. ,   Hoosier Cancer Research Network
Published: May 2019

TPS9604

Background: Treatment of primary ocular melanoma is often very effective, with local recurrence rates of < 5%. However, distant recurrence is as high as 50% depending on features of the primary tumor. These data emphasize the need for effective adjuvant therapy for patients with locally treated ocular melanoma. Several adjuvant treatments have been developed for patients with high-risk cutaneous melanoma, including ipilimumab and nivolumab monotherapies and an ongoing trial is exploring the nivolumab/ipilimumab combination (CA209-915), but patients with high-risk ocular melanomas have been excluded from these trials. As yet there is no approved adjuvant treatment for high-risk ocular melanoma patients. Methods: We are conducting a Phase II single-arm multi-center study of adjuvant ipilimumab in combination with nivolumab in subjects with high-risk ocular melanoma. This study aims to generate efficacy and safety data for adjuvant this regimen in patients with locally treated high-risk ocular melanoma with 3-year risk of relapse > 50%. The primary endpoint is 3-year relapse-free survival rate. Secondary endpoints are median relapse-free survival, median overall survival, 3-year overall survival rate and safety. All patients will receive nivolumab 240mg IV every 2 weeks plus ipilimumab 1mg/kg IV every 6 weeks. Subjects may receive up to 25 doses of nivolumab and 8 doses of ipilimumab. The accrual goal is 50 patients across all participating institutions. Subjects treated in this study will be matched with controls selected from a contemporaneously collected OM registry, “contemporaneous control” in order to better assess efficacy. Control subjects will be from institutions not participating in this trial, will otherwise meet the trial eligibility criteria and will be further matched with trial participants for various demographic and risk factors to the extent possible. The study is enrolling in 6 comprehensive cancer centers in the US. Clinical trial information: NCT03528408.
Exercise Induction of Key Transcriptional Regulators of Metabolic Adaptation in Muscle Is Preserved in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Sabaratnam Rugivan , Pedersen Andreas J , Eskildsen Tilde V , Kristensen Jonas M , Wojtaszewski Jørgen F P , Højlund Kurt
Published: May 2019

Context

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Regular exercise improves insulin sensitivity, mitochondrial function, and energy metabolism. Thus, an impaired response to exercise may contribute to insulin resistance.

Objective

We hypothesized that key transcriptional regulators of metabolic adaptation to exercise show an attenuated response in skeletal muscle in T2D.

Design and Patients

Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained from 13 patients with T2D and 14 age- and weight-matched controls before, immediately after 1 hour acute exercise (70% maximal pulmonary oxygen uptake), and 3 hours into recovery to examine mRNA expression of key transcription factors and downstream targets and activity of key upstream kinases underlying the metabolic adaptation to exercise.

Results

Acute exercise increased gene expression of the nuclear hormone receptor 4A (NR4A) subfamily (∼4- to 36-fold) and other key transcription factors, including ATF3, EGR1, JUNB, SIK1, PPARA, and PPARG (∼1.5- to 12-fold), but with no differences between groups. The expression of NR4A1 (approximately eightfold) and NR4A3 (∼75-fold) was further increased 3 hours into recovery, whereas most muscle transcripts sustained elevated or returned to basal levels, again with no differences between groups. Muscle expression of HKII and SLC2A4 and hexokinase II protein content were reduced in patients with T2D. The phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, Erk1/2, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II, and cAMP-responsive element-binding protein was equally increased in response to exercise and/or recovery in both groups.

Conclusion

Acute exercise elicits a pronounced and overall similar increase in expression of key transcription factors and activation of key upstream kinases involved in muscle metabolic adaptation to exercise in patients with T2D and weight-matched controls.
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Virtual Reality in Pediatrics: Effects on Pain and Anxiety
Authors: Eijlers Robin , Utens Elisabeth M. W. J. , Staals Lonneke M. , de Nijs Pieter F. A. , Berghmans Johan M. , Wijnen René M. H. , Hillegers Manon H. J. , Dierckx Bram , Legerstee Jeroen S.
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND:

Medical procedures often evoke pain and anxiety in pediatric patients. Virtual reality (VR) is a relatively new intervention that can be used to provide distraction during, or to prepare patients for, medical procedures. This meta-analysis is the first to collate evidence on the effectiveness of VR on reducing pain and anxiety in pediatric patients undergoing medical procedures.

METHODS:

On April 25, 2018, we searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, CENTRAL, PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO with the keywords “VR,” “children,” and “adolescents.” Studies that applied VR in a somatic setting with participants ≤21 years of age were included. VR was defined as a fully immersive 3-dimensional environment displayed in surround stereoscopic vision on a head-mounted display (HMD). We evaluated pain and anxiety outcomes during medical procedures in VR and standard care conditions.

RESULTS:

We identified 2889 citations, of which 17 met our inclusion criteria. VR was applied as distraction (n = 16) during venous access, dental, burn, or oncological care or as exposure (n = 1) before elective surgery under general anesthesia. The effect of VR was mostly studied in patients receiving burn care (n = 6). The overall weighted standardized mean difference (SMD) for VR was 1.30 (95% CI, 0.68–1.91) on patient-reported pain (based on 14 studies) and 1.32 (95% CI, 0.21–2.44) on patient-reported anxiety (based on 7 studies). The effect of VR on pediatric pain was also significant when observed by caregivers (SMD = 2.08; 95% CI, 0.55–3.61) or professionals (SMD = 3.02; 95% CI, 0.79–2.25). For anxiety, limited observer data were available.

CONCLUSIONS:

VR research in pediatrics has mainly focused on distraction. Large effect sizes indicate that VR is an effective distraction intervention to reduce pain and anxiety in pediatric patients undergoing a wide variety of medical procedures. However, further research on the effect of VR exposure as a preparation tool for medical procedures is needed because of the paucity of research into this field.
Individualized Quality Data Feedback Improves Anesthesiology Residents’ Documentation of Depth of Neuromuscular Blockade Before Extubation
Authors: Forkin Katherine T. , Chiao Sunny S. , Naik Bhiken I. , Patrie James T. , Durieux Marcel E. , Nemergut Edward C.
Published: May 2019

Reversal of neuromuscular blockade is an important anesthesia quality measure, and anesthesiologists should strive to improve both documentation and practice of this measure. We hypothesized that the use of an electronic quality database to give individualized resident anesthesiologist feedback would increase the percentage of cases that residents successfully documented quantitative depth of neuromuscular blockade before extubation. The mean baseline success rate among anesthesiology residents was 80% (95% confidence interval [CI], 78–81) and increased by 14% (95% CI, 11–17; P < .001) after the residents were given their individualized quality data. Practice patterns improved quickly but were not sustained over 6 months.
New roles for the de-ubiquitylating enzyme OTUD4 in an RNA-protein network and RNA granules
Authors: Das Richa , Schwintzer Lukas , Vinopal Stanislav , Roca Eva Aguado , Sylvester Marc , Oprisoreanu Ana-Maria , Schoch Susanne , Bradke Frank , Broemer Meike
Published: May 2019

Mechanisms that regulate the formation of membrane-less cellular organelles such as neuronal RNA granules and stress granules have gained increasing attention over the past years. These granules consist of RNA and a plethora of RNA-binding proteins. Mutations in RNA-binding proteins have been found in neurodegenerative diseases such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD). Performing pulldown experiments and subsequent mass spectrometry from mouse brain lysate, we discovered that the de-ubiquitylating enzyme OTU domain containing protein 4 (OTUD4) unexpectedly is part of a complex network of multiple RNA-binding proteins, including core stress granule factors such as FMRP, SMN1, G3BP1 and TIA1. We show that OTUD4 binds RNA, and several of its interactions with RNA-binding proteins are RNA-dependent. OTUD4 is part of neuronal RNA transport granules in rat hippocampal neurons under physiological conditions, whereas upon cellular stress, OTUD4 is recruited to cytoplasmic stress granules. Knockdown of OTUD4 in Hela cells resulted in defects in stress granule formation and led to apoptotic cell death. Together, we characterize OTUD4 as a new RNA-binding protein with a suggested function in regulation of translation.
Developmental plasticity in metabolism but not in energy reserve accumulation in a seasonally polyphenic butterfly
Authors: Kivelä Sami M. , Gotthard Karl , Lehmann Philipp
Published: May 2019

The evolution of seasonal polyphenisms (discrete phenotypes in different annual generations) associated with alternative developmental pathways of diapause (overwintering) and direct development is favoured in temperate insects. Seasonal life history polyphenisms are common and include faster growth and development under direct development than diapause. However, the physiological underpinnings of this difference remain poorly known despite its significance for understanding the evolution of polyphenisms. We measured respiration and metabolic rates through the penultimate and final larval instars in the butterfly Pieris napi and show that directly developing larvae grew and developed faster and had a higher metabolic rate than larvae entering pupal diapause. The metabolic divergence appeared only in the final instar, that is, after the induction of developmental pathway that takes place in the penultimate instar in P. napi. The accumulation of fat reserves during the final larval instar was similar under diapause and direct development, which was unexpected as diapause is predicted to select for exaggerated reserve accumulation. This suggests that overwinter survival in diapause does not require larger energy reserves than direct development, likely because of metabolic suppression in diapause pupae. The results, nevertheless, demonstrate that physiological changes coincide with the divergence of life histories between the alternative developmental pathways, thus elucidating the proximate basis of seasonal life history polyphenisms.
Miniaturisation reduces contrast sensitivity and spatial resolving power in ants
Authors: Palavalli-Nettimi Ravindra , Ogawa Yuri , Ryan Laura A. , Hart Nathan S. , Narendra Ajay
Published: May 2019

Vision is crucial for animals to find prey, locate conspecifics, and to navigate within cluttered landscapes. Animals need to discriminate objects against a visually noisy background. However, the ability to detect spatial information is limited by eye size. In insects, as individuals become smaller, the space available for the eyes reduces, which affects the number of ommatidia, the size of the lens and the downstream information processing capabilities. The evolution of small body size in a lineage, known as miniaturisation, is common in insects. Here, using pattern electroretinography with vertical sinusoidal gratings as stimuli, we studied how miniaturisation affects spatial resolving power and contrast sensitivity in four diurnal ants that live in a similar environment but varied in their body and eye size. We found that ants with fewer and smaller ommatidial facets had lower spatial resolving power and contrast sensitivity. The spatial resolving power was maximum in the largest ant Myrmecia tarsata at 0.60 cycles per degree (cpd) compared to the ant with smallest eyes Rhytidoponera inornata that had 0.48 cpd. Maximum contrast sensitivity (minimum contrast threshold) in M. tarsata (2627 facets) was 15.51 (6.4% contrast detection threshold) at 0.1 cpd, while the smallest ant R. inornata (227 facets) had a maximum contrast sensitivity of 1.34 (74.1% contrast detection threshold) at 0.05 cpd. This is the first study to physiologically investigate contrast sensitivity in the context of insect allometry. Miniaturisation thus dramatically decreases maximum contrast sensitivity and also reduces spatial resolution, which could have implications for visually guided behaviours.
Direito à educação e ocupação de escolas públicas: um estudo acerca da autotutela administrativa no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro
Authors: Coutinho Nilton Carlos de Almeida
Published: May 2019

Right to education and occupation of public schools: a study on administrative self-administration in the Brazilian legal system O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a possibilidade (ou não) de o Estado se utilizar do instituto da “autotutela administrativa” para recuperar a posse de bens a ele pertencentes. Tal discussão deriva da diferença de regime jurídico dos bens públicos em relação aos bens particulares, trazendo poderes e deveres específicos para a administração pública nessa área. Nesta perspectiva, será analisado o posicionamento da doutrina e da jurisprudência sobre o tema, com destaque para as questões relacionadas com as ocupações de escolas públicas, ocorridas recentemente. The purpose of this article is to analyze the possibility (or not) of the State to use the institute of “administrative self-help” to recover the possession of assets belonging to it. Such discussion derives from the difference in the legal regime of public assets in relation to private assets, bringing specific powers and duties to the Public Administration in this area. In this perspective, the positioning of doctrine and jurisprudence on the subject will be analyzed, with emphasis on issues related to public school occupations, which occurred recently.
Direito administrativo sancionador: um olhar pragmático a partir das contribuições da análise econômica do direito
Authors: Voronoff Alice
Published: May 2019

Administrative sanctions law: a pragmatic approach considering findings from law and economics As transformações que têm impulsionado o direito administrativo brasileiro devem repercutir também sobre sua vertente sancionatória, com vista à construção de arranjos fiscalizatórios e punitivos mais efetivos e eficientes. A proposta do artigo é de que a adoção de um olhar pragmático, atento às consequências práticas e a aspectos empíricos, pode contribuir nesse sentido. Para tanto, os estudos desenvolvidos por autores da análise econômica do direito apresentam-se como um importante ferramental, com destaque para a lógica de incentivos econômicos adotada pela Escola de Chicago e para a teoria da escolha pública, atribuída à Escola de Virgínia. Elementos extraídos desses modelos teóricos permitem a construção de raciocínios analíticos mais criativos e sensíveis a elementos de complexidade, aptos a auxiliar na delimitação de premissas fáticas adequadas, na fixação de linhas de investigação corretas e no alcance de diagnósticos mais precisos em torno das reais (d)eficiências dos modelos e práticas sancionatórios. The ongoing transformations in the Brazilian Administrative Law must also affect its sanctioning approach in terms of developing more effective and efficient auditing and penalization mechanisms. In this article we propose that a pragmatic approach that takes actual consequences and empirical aspects in account, can present valuable contributions to that matters. Thus, the studies developed by authors in the field of Law and Economics provide important tools, specially regarding the logic of economic incentives adopted by the School of Chicago and the theory of public choice connected to the School of Virginia. These theoretical models provide elements that allow the development of analytical reasoning that are more creative and also more sensible to complexities. They can also help to define adequate factual assumptions, establish correct research lines and achieve more precise diagnostics about the real (d)efficiencies of sanctioning models and practices.
Discricionariedade no indulto natalino
Authors: Barroso Ministro Luís Roberto
Published: May 2019

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Recent advances in managing HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis
Authors: Boyer-Chammard Timothée , Temfack Elvis , Alanio Alexandre , Jarvis Joseph N. , Harrison Thomas S. , Lortholary Olivier
Published: May 2019

The recent development of highly sensitive and specific point-of-care tests has made it possible to diagnose HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis within minutes. However, diagnostic advances have not been matched by new antifungal drugs and treatment still relies on old off-patent drugs: amphotericin B, flucytosine and fluconazole. Cryptococcal meningitis treatment is divided in three phases: induction, consolidation and maintenance. The induction phase, aimed at drastically reducing cerebrospinal fluid fungal burden, is key for patient survival. The major challenge in cryptococcal meningitis management has been the optimisation of induction phase treatment using the limited number of available medications, and major progress has recently been made. In this review, we summarise data from key trials which form the basis of current treatment recommendations for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis.
Safety and efficacy of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in patients with a single functioning kidney compared to patients with bilateral functioning kidneys
Authors: Al-Toma Riyadh R.
Published: May 2019

Background: Renal stones for patients with a single functioning kidney are considered a great challenge for urologists. Different treatment modalities are used for those with a single functioning kidney, including shock wave lithotripsy, retrograde intra-renal surgery and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).   This study aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety outcomes of PCNL in patients with a single kidney compared to those with bilateral kidneys.

Methods: A prospective comparative study conducted in Urology department of Safeer Al-Imam Al-Hussein hospital in Karbala city-Iraq through the period from 1st of March, 2015 to 30th of September, 2018 on sample of 173 patients with renal stones surgically operated with PCNL categorized into two groups; group I included 51 patients with a single functioning kidney and group II included 122 patients with bilateral functioning kidneys.

Results: The mean age of group I patients was 42.76 years which was significantly higher than mean age of group II patients of 36.54 years (p=0.01). No significant differences were observed between group I and group II patients regarding gender, pre and intraoperative characteristics. Postoperative stone clearance, bleeding, renal function, organ injury and sepsis were not significantly different between two.     

Conclusions: PCNL is effective and safe surgical procedure for treatment of renal stones of patients with a single functioning kidney.
Gametocyte carriage in an era of changing malaria epidemiology: A 19-year analysis of a malaria longitudinal cohort
Authors: Muthui Michelle K. , Mogeni Polycarp , Mwai Kennedy , Nyundo Christopher , Macharia Alex , Williams Thomas N. , Nyangweso George , Wambua Juliana , Mwanga Daniel , Marsh Kevin , Bejon Philip , Kapulu Melissa C.
Published: May 2019

Background:Interventions to block malaria transmission from humans to mosquitoes are currently in development. To be successfully implemented, key populations need to be identified where the use of these transmission-blocking and/or reducing strategies will have greatest impact.

Methods:We used data from a longitudinally monitored cohort of children from Kilifi county located along the Kenyan coast collected between 1998-2016 to describe the distribution and prevalence of gametocytaemia in relation to transmission intensity, time and age. Data from 2,223 children accounting for 9,134 person-years of follow-up assessed during cross-sectional surveys for asexual parasites and gametocytes were used in logistic regression models to identify factors predictive of gametocyte carriage in this cohort.

Results:Our analysis showed that children 1-5 years of age were more likely to carry microscopically detectable gametocytes than their older counterparts. Carrying asexual parasites and recent episodes of clinical malaria were also strong predictors of gametocyte carriage. The prevalence of asexual parasites and of gametocyte carriage declined over time, and after 2006, when artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) was introduced, recent episodes of clinical malaria ceased to be a predictor of gametocyte carriage. 

Conclusions:Gametocyte carriage in children in Kilifi has fallen over time.  Previous episodes of clinical malaria may contribute to the development of carriage, but this appears to be mitigated by the use of ACTs highlighting the impact that gametocidal antimalarials can have in reducing the overall prevalence of gametocytaemia when targeted on acute febrile illness.
Leadership Learning through Student-Centered and Inquiry-Focused Approaches to Teaching Adaptive Leadership
Authors: Haber-Curran Paige , Tillapaugh Daniel
Published: May 2019

This qualitative study examines student learning about leadership across three sections of a capstone course in an undergraduate leadership minor. Qualitative methods were informed by exploratory case study analysis and phenomenology. Student-centered and inquiry-focused pedagogical approaches, including case-in-point, action inquiry, and problem-based learning, informed classroom teaching and the classroom environment. Engaged in pedagogy steeped in a balance of challenge and support, students gained an increased sense of self, clarity of purpose and vocation, and integration of their leadership practices in and out of the classroom. Students’ understandings of the concept of leadership were also broadened; they recognized the importance of diverse perspectives and roles, began to understand leadership as systemic and interdependent, and emphasized relationship building. Findings suggest three prominent experiences as contributing to students’ learning – reflection, feedback, and engaging in the group process. Implications for leadership education are discussed and areas for future research are identified.
Periodismo digital y empoderamiento. Tendencias informativas en noticias de Google a lo largo de 2017
Authors: García-García Francisco , Gil-Ruiz Francisco-José
Published: May 2019

Este trabajo aborda el periodismo digital obedeciendo a dos frentes: realizar una revisión bilbliográfica sobre la actualidad del periodismo digital y su relación con el empoderamiento ciudadano, para luego realizar un estudio exploratorio sobre noticias de Google (en español) para extraer las tendencias temáticas referentes al empoderamiento y las TIC a lo largo del año 2017.  La muestra de análisis se compuso de 332 noticias, divididas, principalmente, entre noticias de España y de Latinoamérica. Los resultados muestran cierta prevalencia entre las noticias que no muestran el nombre de su autor o autora sobre las que sí lo indican, así como un ligero predominio de las noticias que no incluyen enlaces sobre aquellas que sí lo tienen. Las tendencias con mayor presencia a lo largo de la muestra son Desarrollo, Internet, Política y gobernanza, Seguridad, Puestos de trabajo, Género y Educación.
ARGUMENTOS DA DECISÃO DE VOTO DE DEPUTADOS DURANTE A VOTAÇÃO DO IMPEACHMENT
Authors: Marcolin Carla Bonato , Momo Fernanda Da Silva , Becker João Luiz , Behr Ariel
Published: May 2019

O avanço de técnicas para análise de dados não estruturados pode auxiliar a compreender melhor o posicionamento e os votos dos políticos que representam uma população. O objetivo do presente artigo é analisar a relação semântica latente das temáticas presentes nos argumentos da decisão de voto dos parlamentares de diferentes partidos políticos. Para tal, foram utilizados dados de discurso de todos os deputados durante a votação do impeachment, ocorrida em 2015. Nesse sentido, utilizaram-se como base teórica para a realização das análises a perspectiva de Weiss (1983) sobre a tomada de decisão de políticos e a teoria da dissonância cognitiva de Festinger (1957). Adicionalmente, a partir do uso da técnica LSA (Latent semantic analysis), técnica de mineração de texto baseada em decomposição matricial, buscou-se contribuir com as análises ao trazer resultados relacionados aos principais termos associados e uso de determinadas palavras no contexto político. Como resultados, verificou-se que, para o caso apresentado, o discurso dos deputados não é um elemento que permite separar os diferentes grupos votantes, o que indica que, para compreender a posição de um político e escolher melhor seu representante, os cidadãos precisam ir além do seu discurso.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DOS SOFT SKILLS NAS DESCRIÇÕES DAS VAGAS DE GERENTE DE PROJETOS DE TI
Authors: Pedrosa Nadia , Ferreira da Silva Luciano
Published: May 2019

A importância estratégica de projetos requer a contratação de gerentes de projetos de TI (Tecnologia da Informação) que atendam à agenda de requisitos requeridos pelas organizações. A literatura preconiza que há uma relação positiva entre as competências do gerente de projetos e os resultados do projeto. Os soft skills ou habilidades interpessoais compõem parte de tais competências. Nesse sentido, cada vez mais os soft skills do gerente de projetos são percebidos como habilidades essenciais para as organizações que visam à multiplicação de seus resultados. O objetivo deste artigo é identificar quais são os principais soft skills solicitados nos anúncios de vagas on-line de gerente de projetos de TI no Brasil. Optou-se pela abordagem qualitativa, cujo método de pesquisa adotado envolveu uma análise de frequência e de conteúdo das descrições das vagas para confrontar os dados provenientes da literatura e os resultados desta pesquisa. A contribuição pretendida com este trabalho é oferecer uma lista dos soft skills mais citados nas vagas de gerentes de projetos de TI no Brasil.
Как изучать жертв преступлений?
Authors: Веркеев Арсений Максимович , Волков Вадим Викторович , Дмитриева Арина Викторовна , Кнорре Алексей Викторович , Кудрявцев Владимир Евгеньевич , Кузнецова Дарья Александровна , Кучаков Руслан Камилович , Титаев Кирилл Дмитриевич , Ходжаева Екатерина Анисовна
Published: May 2019

Статья рассказывает о методологии первого российского масштабного репрезентативного исследования жертв преступлений (виктимизационного опроса), результаты которого размещены в открытом доступе. Такие опросы позволяют проанализировать структуру преступности, социальные характеристики жертв, условия совершения преступлений, поведение потерпевших и правоохранительных органов. В мировой практике есть два главных национальных виктимологических исследования — NCVS в США и CSEW в Великобритании, которые проводятся ежегодно или чаще с 1970-х — 1980-х годов. В России серьезных виктимизационных опросов, которые позволяют валидно определить именно жертв преступлений, реконструировать структуру преступности и проанализировать поведение потерпевших до сих пор не проводилось. Существующие образцы либо были крайне ограничены по количеству вопросов именно о виктимном опыте, либо опирались на очень небольшие выборки. Предлагаемый опрос проведен с использованием технологии CATI на основании простой случайной выборки. Структура выборки воспроизводит структуру населения по основным демографическим параметрам (квотирование не применялось). Опрошено 16 818 человек, из их числа 3 тысячи по собственной оценке имели виктимный опыт в течение последних пяти лет, 3,5 тысячи респондентов не имели виктимного опыта, но подробно ответили на вопросы социально-демографического блока анкеты, 10,3 тысячи респондентов отвечали только на вопросы о поле, возрасте, наличии (отсутствии) виктимного опыта и месте проживания. В опросе преимущественно использовались дихотомические вопросы, позволившие установить юридически значимые характеристики произошедшего и тем самым получить картину преступности не в терминах респондентов («меня ограбили»), а в юридически корректных терминах («произошла кража»). Статья подробно описывает использованные методические решения, обосновывает и соотносит их с мировым опытом.
Благодарность. Сбор данных и разработка инструментария проводились при финансовой поддержке АНО «Интерцентр» в рамках договора на выполнение научно-исследовательской работы по теме «Разработка методологии и проведение всероссийского репрезентативного виктимизационного опроса». Анализ международного опыта и подготовка статьи выполнены в рамках проекта Российского научного фонда «Исследование социального контроля и мобилизации права с использованием больших данных», № 17-18-01618. Авторы признательны Дмитрию Скугаревскому, Денису Савельеву и Сергею Чувакину за участие в дискуссиях на различных стадиях. Отдельно мы благодарны Юлии Чурсиной и Павлу Степанцову. Особая благодарность анонимному рецензенту, советы которого позволили, на взгляд авторов, преодолеть ряд недочетов, возникающих у статей, написанных при сотрудничестве большого количества авторов.
API-социология и глобальное сообщество Google: живая система социальной трансформации
Authors: Яковлева Дарья Алексеевна , Колесниченко Ольга Юрьевна , Мазелис Лев Соломонович , Григоревский Иван Николаевич , Колесниченко Юрий Юрьевич
Published: May 2019

В данной статье авторы представляют результаты морфологического текстового анализа больших данных на предмет встречаемости в интернете ключевых слов для различных стран. Значения для слов находились при запросе из баз данных поисковой системы Google через API-доступ при помощи специального программного обеспечения, созданного во Владивостокском государственном университете экономики и сервиса. Проведена кластеризация стран, а также ключевых слов методом k-means и иерархическим методом. Морфологический текстовой анализ позволяет оценить глобальный образ мировой интернет-дискуссии, а для каждой из стран — степень адаптации к условиям нового технологического уклада и уровень социального стресса. Построена модель глобальной дискуссии социальной направленности, что соотносится с трендами социальной нестабильности по данным ежегодного доклада «The Global Risks Report» Всемирного экономического форума. Проведен тематический анализ трех потенциалов развития по Р.С. Гринбергу (природному, интеллектуальному, пространственному), который показал, что, по сравнению с рядом стран, Россия занимает устойчивые и перспективные позиции.
Tatalaksana Pasien Sepsis dengan Sindroma Cushing Iatrogenik Eksogen
Authors: Ardiyan Ardiyan , Aditianingsih Dita
Published: May 2019

Sepsis adalah disfungsi organ mengancam nyawa akibat ketidakseimbangan respon tubuh terhadap infeksi. Kerentanan terhadap infeksi berat pada penderita penyakit autoimun maupun immunokompromais disebabkan konsumsi obat dan terapi yang dijalani. Pemberian atau penggunaan kortikosteroid dosis tinggi dan lama seperti hiperkortisolisme atau sindrom Cushing meningkatkan kerentanan terhadap infeksi Pasien imunokompromis berisiko tinggi mengalami infeksi patogen serta infeksi oportunistik oleh mikroorganisme virulen. Infeksi merupakan faktor predisposisi terjadinya peningkatan respon kompromi sistemik tubuh dalam kondisi sepsis dan syok sepsis. Kasus ini melaporkan seorang pasien berusia 24 tahun dengan sepsis akibat pneumonia yang diperberat oleh sindroma Cushing iatrogenic akibat steroid yang dikonsumsi dalam waktu lama, menyebabkan sulitnya perawatan serta prognosis yang buruk.
Manajemen Hipertensi Pulmonal Perioperatif pada Bedah Jantung
Authors: Habibah Siti
Published: May 2019

Pembedahan pada pasien dengan hipertensi pulmonal merupakan pembedahan dengan kategori risiko tinggi dan merupakan tantangan besar untuk dokter anestesi maupun bedah. Hipertensi pulmonal merupakan salah satu penyebab utama peningkatan morbiditas dan mortalitas perioperatif. Komplikasi serius yang dapat terjadi diantaranya adalah  gagal jantung kanan, aritmia dan kematian dini pascaoperasi. Pasien dengan hipertensi pulmonal membutuhkan evaluasi dan manajemen penyakit yang komprehensif untuk mengurangi risiko secara optimal dan meningkatkan outcome. Pada tulisan ini dijelaskan mengenai patofisiologi, penilaian praoperasidan penanganan perioperatif pasien PH yang akan menjalani bedah jantung.
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Migrasi Kateter Epidural
Authors: Purnomo Heri Dwi , Rusman Rio
Published: May 2019

Epidural kontinyu saat ini merupakan salah satu satu tekhnik regional anestesia yang mulai sering digunakan dalam praktek anesthesia sehari-hari. Dapat digunakan untuk anestesia tunggal dalam pembedahan, adjuvan anestesia umum, manajemen nyeri paska operasi serta menajemen nyeri kronis pada pasien keganasan. Salah satu permasalahan yang banyak dihadapi pada prosedur epidural kontinyu adalah kejadian migrasi kateter epidural keluar dari ruang epidural. Kateter pada awalnya telah berada di rongga epidural dan telah dikonfirmasi dengan teknik Loss of Resistence (LOR), hanging drop, ataupun dengan bantuan ultrasonografi. Karena pengaruh berbagai faktor, kateter epidural dapat berpindah dari tempat yang seharusnya. Hal ini tentu saja dapat mempengaruhi efektivitas anestesia dari epidural itu sendiri, serta dapat berakibat fatal bila obat lokal anestesi dalam jumlah tertentu masuk ke ruang lainnya melalui kateter yang telah bergeser ke ruang subarachnoid, intravaskuler, atau ruang subdural.Berbagai penyebab terjadinya migrasi kateter antara lain karena adanya perubahan posisi waktu pemasangan maupun aktifitas pasien, meningkatnya tekanan ruang epidural Oleh karena itu penting bagi seorang anestesiologi untuk mengetahui apa saja faktor-faktor yang bisa meningkatkan resiko migrasi kateter epidural dan bagaimana cara mencegahnya serta mengatasi komplikasi yang mungkin timbul.
DAMPAK DARI EVENT SAIL BANDA 2010 TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN WILAYAH KECAMATAN BANDA
Authors: Ambon Muhammad Ilham Ryansyah , Roychansyah M Sani , Herwangi Yori
Published: May 2019

One of the main regional income sectors of Maluku Province comes from the tourism sector. As one of the main sectors to generate regional income, the tourism sector must be further developed so that the results can also be felt more optimally for the government and the community. One of the efforts carried out by the Central Government and the Regional Government of Maluku Province to develop the tourism sector is through organizing an international level tourism event, namely Sail Banda Event held in Banda District, Central Maluku Regency, Maluku Province. This study aims to evaluate the extent to which the development of the Banda Subdistrict area after the implementation of the Sail Banda Event and the impacts that have been made on the development of the Banda Subdistrict area. This is because even though the Sail Banda Event has been carried out but it is suspected that there was no impact from the holding of the event to increase the income and health of the local community in Banda District. In this study, the approach used is a qualitative deductive approach using analysis of regional development achievements.  The results of this analyzes will be used to see the impact of organizing the Sail Banda Event. The findings of this study are that the implementation of the Sail Banda Event in Banda District does not have a significant impact on increasing the income and welfare of the community. Of the four objectives of organizing the Banda Sail Event, only one goal was achieved, namely increasing tourist visits.
The Second Round Resource Acquisition of Entrepreneurial Crowdfunded Ventures: The Relevance of Campaign and Project Implementation Performance Outcomes
Authors: Tuo Gladys , Yi Feng , Sarpong Solomon , Wang Wenxin
Published: May 2019

This study focused on crowdfunded ventures in the reward-based model and explored the relevance of their essential campaign and project implementation performance outcomes on the second round of resource acquisition. This research considered funding from accredited and unaccredited investors, additional crowd capital, and other forms of resources from other business investors. Results from sampled crowdfunded ventures on the Kickstarter and projects official websites revealed that the determinants of first round crowdfunding project campaign traction, reward delivery scheduled date, campaign duration, and reward delivery performance outcomes predict the second round of resource acquisition. Furthermore, the results suggest that project creators’ crowdfunding risk awareness is a relevant determinant of reward delivery performance outcome and access to the second round of resource. The findings are significant for the decision-making of entrepreneurs, investors, and crowdfunding platforms, as these parties benefit from the informational value of campaign and project implementation performance outcomes.
Secondary metabolites, their structural diversity, bioactivity, and ecological functions: An overview
Authors: Abegaz Berhanu M. , Kinfe Henok H.
Published: May 2019

Natural products are also called secondary metabolites to distinguish them from the primary metabolites, i.e. those natural compounds like glucose, amino acids, etc. that are present in every living cell and are used and required in the essential life processes of cells. Natural products are classified according to their metabolic building blocks into alkaloids, fatty acids, polyketides, phenyl propanoids and aromatic polyketides, and terpenoids. The structural diversity of natural products is explored using the scaffold approach focusing on the characteristic carbon frameworks.  Aside from discussing specific alkaloids that are either pharmacologically (e.g. boldine, berberine, galantamine, etc.) or historically (caffeine, atropine, lobeline, etc.) important alkaloids, a single chart is presented which shows the typical scaffolds of the most important subclasses of alkaloids.  How certain classes of natural products are formed in nature from simple biochemical ‘building blocks’ are shown using graphical schemes. This has been done for a typical tetra-ketide (6-methylsalicylic acid) from acetyl coenzyme A, or in general to all the major subclasses of terpenes.   An important aspect of understanding the structural diversity of natural products is to recognize how some compounds can be visualized as key intermediates for enzyme mediated transformation to several other related structures.  This is seen in the case of how arachidonic acid can transform into prostaglandins, or geranyl diphosphate to various monoterpenes, or squalene epoxide to various pentacyclic triterpenes, or cholesterol transforming to sex hormones, bile acids and the cardioactive cardenolides and bufadienolides. These are presented in carefully designed schemes and charts that are appropriately placed in the relevant sections of the narrative texts.  The ecological functions and pharmacological properties of natural products are also presented showing wherever possible how the chemical scaffolds have led to developing drugs as well as commercial products like sweeteners.
Red Spinach Extract Supplementation Improves Cycle Time Trial Performance in Recreationally Active Men and Women
Authors: Gonzalez Adam M. , Accetta Matthew R. , Spitz Robert W. , Mangine Gerald T. , Ghigiarelli Jamie J. , Sell Katie M.
Published: May 2019

Gonzalez, AM, Accetta, MR, Spitz, RW, Mangine, GT, Ghigiarelli, JJ, and Sell, KM. Red spinach extract supplementation improves cycle time trial performance in recreationally active men and women. J Strength Cond Res 35(9): 2541–2545, 2021—To examine the effects of short-term red spinach extract (RSE) supplementation on cycling time trial performance, 17 recreationally active men (n = 9, 22.2 ± 3.8 years) and women (n = 8, 22.8 ± 3.5 years) underwent 2 testing sessions administered in a randomized, counterbalanced, double-blind fashion. Subjects were assigned to supplement daily with 1 g of RSE or placebo (PL) for 7 days priorly and 1 hour before completing a 4-km cycling time trial test. Performance variables (time-to-completion, average power, relative power, cadence, and average speed), subjective measures (perceived exertion and muscle fatigue), heart rate, and blood pressure were assessed during each testing session. Compared to PL, RSE supplementation significantly lowers (p = 0.017,

= 0.24) post-exercise diastolic blood pressure (66.1 ± 6.1 vs. 70.1 ± 5.0 mm Hg). Red spinach extract supplementation also significantly improved (p ≤ 0.022,

= 0.30–0.37) 4-km completion time (404.6 ± 24.6 vs. 410.6 ± 31.3 seconds), average power (185.9 ± 32.2 vs. 181.6 ± 35.1 W), relative power (2.53 ± 0.44 vs. 2.46 ± 0.40 W·kg−1), and average speed (35.7 ± 2.2 vs. 35.3 ± 2.5 km·h−1). In addition, significant trial × sex interactions (p ≤ 0.022,

= 0.30–0.36) were observed for these performance measures, whereby only women showed significant improvement during RSE compared with PL trials. In conclusion, RSE supplementation significantly reduced time-to-completion, increased measures of power and speed, and lowered post-exercise diastolic blood pressure during a 4-km cycling time trial without altering subjects' perceived exertion or subjective measures of muscle fatigue. Finally, it is possible that women may be more responsive in regard to increasing performance after supplementation.