bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Limpeza clonal de mudas de videira infectadas por Xanthomonas campestris pv. viticola
Authors: Silva Adriano Márcio Freire , Melo Natoniel Franklin de , Souza Elineide Barbosa de , Coelho Ângela Katiusia , Mariano Rosa de Lima Ramos
Published: May 2013

O cancro bacteriano da videira é causado por Xanthomonas campestris pv. viticola (Xcv). Visando à limpeza clonal de mudas de 'Red Globe', foram estudados: tamanho ideal de ápices e gemas axilares para cultivo em meio de Galzy modificado (MGM); efeito da termoterapia (38ºC/30 dias); e ação de antibióticos na eliminação de Xcv em videiras infectadas. Os percentuais de contaminação por Xcv e de regeneração foram analisados, e as plantas obtidas foram indexadas em meio ágar nutritivo-dextrose-extrato de levedura-ampicilina (NYDAM), seguindo-se teste de patogenicidade. O cultivo de explantes com 3 mm possibilitou a obtenção de plantas livres da bactéria, com regeneração 14,3 vezes maior que explantes com 1 mm. A termoterapia de mudas infectadas, associada ao cultivo in vitro, não eliminou o patógeno. O cultivo de explantes com 10 mm, durante 40 dias em MGM + cefotaxima (300 mg L-1), proporcionou limpeza clonal das mudas. A indexação de plantas de videira regeneradas in vitro, quanto à infecção por Xcv utilizando NYDAM, seguida de teste de patogenicidade, é uma alternativa econômica e eficiente para produção de mudas de alta qualidade fitossanitária.
Sobre Jürgen Habermas e Michel Foucault
Authors: Giacoia Junior Oswaldo
Published: May 2013

O objetivo principal deste artigo é desenvolver uma reflexão a respeito das relações entre a arqueogenealogia das relações entre verdade, poder e discurso, tal como a pratica Michel Foucault, por um lado, e a teoria crítica da sociedade, da Escola de Frankfurt, por outro lado. Essa aproximação é feita por meio de uma reconstrução da crítica de Jürgen Habermas a Michel Foucault, no livro O Discurso Filosófico da Modernidade.
O naturalismo de Jürgen Habermas e de Philip Pettit
Authors: Berten André
Published: May 2013

As competências cognitivas pressupostas pelas atualizações sociais (relações, discursos, interpretações) significam a atribuição aos seres humanos de uma certa racionalidade. Essa racionalidade pode ser concebida seja na perspectiva de uma filosofia da história de tipo evolucionista (Habermas), seja numa perspectiva da filosofia da mente (Pettit). Nas duas perspectivas, o tipo de questionamento é quase transcendental, no sentido de que se trata de revelar as condições de possibilidade das operações cognitivas reais efetuadas pelos agentes. Em última instância, as condições de possibilidade devem ser entendidas como "natureza". A questão é a de saber se, metodologicamente, um monismo naturalista é possível, ou se um dualismo de perspectivas não seria imprescindível.
As definições teóricas de direitos humanos de Jürgen Habermas: o princípio legal e as correções morais[ign] [title language="en"]The theoretical definitions of human rights of Jürgen Habermas[ign]: [subtitle]legal principle and moral corrections
Authors: Lohmann Georg
Published: May 2013

No entendimento de Habermas, "direito", na expressão "direitos humanos", é um conceito jurídico, donde direitos humanos, para ele, serem direitos jurídicos, normas legais declaradas em atos de fundações do Estado ou anunciadas em convenções do direito internacional e/ou constituições estatais. Ao conceber assim os direitos e tematizar os direitos humanos numa abordagem tríplice (focando-os entre moral, direito e política), ele fornece diferentes definições teóricas dos direitos humanos. O texto apresenta uma exposição sistemática dessas definições e focaliza os diferentes problemas que motivaram Habermas a alterar e ampliar suas concepções de direitos humanos.
Normas - o estabelecimento dos direitos humanos
Authors: Martins Clélia Aparecida
Published: May 2013

Habermas entende os direitos humanos como produtos do mundo da vida; e é no interior do debate público, com a participação efetiva dos cidadãos, que deve ocorrer a produção deles como normas e princípios. A questão central abordada inicialmente no texto concerne ao status dessas normas e ao seu modo de instituição, dependente das relações de reciprocidade entre os sujeitos. Uma vez que, em sociedades complexas, apenas idealmente parece ser possível sustentar a participação de todos os sujeitos no processo de elaboração de normas, o texto procura analisar a viabilidade da concepção de Habermas. Ao considerar os elementos conceituais que orbitam essa questão, processa-se no curso do texto um deslocamento para outra, a saber, a relativa ao quanto o modo de sustentação da normatividade jurídica de um ordenamento social o determina como democrático ou não. Este é o ponto decisivo ao tratamento das normas relativas aos direitos humanos: a análise de Habermas é ideal, mas o pêndulo entre moral e empiria se mantém sempre, de modo que, pelo escopo conceitual, se não há como confirmar a identificação entre legitimidade dos direitos humanos e direitos humanos produzidos democraticamente, torna-se impossível querer negá-la.
Sobre o caráter "abstrato" da democracia deliberativa
Authors: Rouanet Luiz Paulo
Published: May 2013

O presente texto propõe-se discutir o suposto caráter abstrato da chamada democracia deliberativa, tomando como base a ética discursiva e a teoria da ação comunicativa. Se, por um lado, a democracia deliberativa não pretende ser mais que um modelo teórico para orientar as discussões em torno da democracia, por outro, alguns de seus enunciados podem e são efetivamente incorporados à prática política das sociedades democráticas contemporâneas. A questão aqui é saber o quanto de concreto e propositivo se pode encontrar especialmente nas proposições de Habermas a respeito da democracia deliberativa.
Os sentidos de compreensão nas teorias de Weber e Habermas
Authors: Poker José Geraldo A. B.
Published: May 2013

Partindo do pressuposto de que a teoria social elaborada por Habermas em muito se assemelha àquela construída por M. Weber, procedeu-se a um estudo comparativo com a intenção de identificar as formas pelas quais Weber e Habermas elaboraram o conceito de compreensão, ao mesmo tempo em que e o elegeram, cada um a seu modo, como instrumento metodológico adequado às dificuldades da produção de conhecimento científico nas Ciências Sociais. Tanto para Weber, como para Habermas, o conhecimento nas Ciências Sociais não consegue escapar das influências diretas da subjetividade do cientista, como também não é capaz de se proteger das contingências histórico-culturais aos quais inevitavelmente toda ação humana está vinculada. Por isso, fundamentados em suas próprias razões, tanto Weber quanto Habermas apontam a compreensão como a forma possível de conhecimento, o que implica a renúncia às pretensões explicativas e à produção de teorias gerais de fundamentação última, que são típicas das ciências convencionais.
A racionalização das tradições na modernidade: o diálogo entre Anthony Giddens e Jürgen Habermas
Authors: Luvizotto Caroline Kraus
Published: May 2013

Partindo das reflexões de Habermas e sua concepção de modernidade, compreendida como um projeto inacabado, Giddens salienta que, em todas as sociedades, a manutenção da identidade pessoal e sua conexão com identidades sociais mais amplas é um requisito primordial para a segurança ontológica. Para alcançar a segurança ontológica, a modernidade teve que (re)inventar tradições e se afastar de "tradições genuínas", isto é, aqueles valores radicalmente vinculados ao passado pré-moderno. Este é um caráter de descontinuidade da modernidade - a separação entre o que se apresenta como o novo e o que persiste como herança do velho. É sobre a relação entre tradição e modernidade e sobre um diálogo entre Giddens e Habermas que trata este texto. O objetivo é identificar os pontos de contato e as diferenças das teses defendidas por ambos, a fim de avaliar as contribuições de cada um para se pensar a racionalização das sociedades contemporâneas. A modernidade tardia ou reflexiva é um processo de mudanças ininterruptas que afetam as bases da sociedade ocidental. Frente a uma realidade em constante alteração, faz-se necessário escolher entre uma certeza do passado e uma nova realidade, em contínua mutação. Nesse sentido, e segundo a perspectiva habermasiana, o caráter reflexivo da modernidade está nesse processo de escolha entre as certezas herdadas do passado e as novas formas sociais que conduz à reflexão ou, até mesmo, à reformulação das práticas sociais, provocando a racionalização e a (re)invenção de diversos aspectos da vida em sociedade.
Carga de trabalho de enfermagem em unidade de recuperação pós-anestésica
Authors: Lima Luciana Bjorklund de , Rabelo Eneida Rejane
Published: May 2013

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a carga de trabalho de enfermagem em unidade de recuperação pós-anestésica e relacionar com o índice de gravidade cirúrgico, tempo de permanência, porte cirúrgico e idade. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal conduzido em hospital universitário. A carga de trabalho foi avaliada pelo Nursing Activities Score e o índice de gravidade pelo Simplified Acute Physiology Score II aplicados na alta da unidade de recuperação. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 160 pacientes, idade média 57±15 anos. A carga de trabalho para 50% dos pacientes foi de 45,6 minutos a cada hora de permanência na unidade. Não houve relação entre carga de trabalho e índice de gravidade. Contudo, houve correlações positivas entre carga de trabalho, tempo de permanência e porte cirúrgico. O índice de gravidade apresentou correlação com a idade. CONCLUSÃO: A carga de trabalho de enfermagem em unidade de recuperação pós-anestésica sofre influência do tempo de permanência e do porte cirúrgico.
Expectativas da equipe de enfermagem em relação à liderança
Authors: Moura Gisela Maria Schebella Souto de , Inchauspe Juciane Aparecida Furlan , Dall'Agnol Clarice Maria , Magalhães Ana Maria Muller de , Hoffmeister Louíse Viecili
Published: May 2013

OBJETIVOS: Identificar as expectativas da equipe de enfermagem em relação à liderança do futuro chefe. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de pesquisa exploratória, descritiva, realizada em hospital universitário. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 62 profissionais da área de enfermagem. Os depoimentos transcritos foram analisados de acordo com o referencial da análise de conteúdo. RESULTADOS: Da análise emergiram quatro categorias de expectativas: comportamento do futuro chefe, trabalho com a equipe de enfermagem, trabalho com outras equipes e ambiente de trabalho. Os resultados evidenciaram que a equipe de enfermagem preocupa-se com as habilidades e características do futuro chefe frente às atribuições nos serviços de saúde. CONCLUSÃO: As equipes de enfermagem esperam que os futuros chefes de enfermagem tenham habilidades para liderar uma equipe e proporcionar um ambiente favorável ao trabalho.
A ontologia de Lukács e a restauração da crítica ontológica em Marx
Authors: Duayer Mario , Escurra María Fernanda , Siqueira Andrea Vieira
Published: May 2013

O presente artigo acentua a relevância da obra póstuma de Lukács, Ontologia do ser social, para a restituição da dimensão de crítica ontológica do pensamento marxiano. Considera especialmente o capítulo sobre o trabalho, onde o autor começa a delinear o ser social capturando suas categorias específicas. É no trabalho, como categoria mediadora por excelência, que o autor busca a gênese das categorias: finalidade, consciência, separação sujeito-objeto, ciência, alternativa, valor e liberdade. Nesse particular, focaliza algumas dessas categorias que não costumam receber muito destaque, inclusive em trabalhos dedicados à Ontologia.
Notas lukacsianas sobre a decadência ideológica da burguesia
Authors: Lara Ricardo
Published: May 2013

Este artigo traz reflexão sobre a categoria teórica decadência ideológica presente no pensamento de Lukács para, com isso, oferecer elementos para compreensão da crítica à especialização das ciências sociais. Procura, ainda, indicar que a categoria decadência ideológica resgata a conexão, na crítica marxista, entre a força material e a construção ideológica da ordem social capitalista.
Qualitative evaluation of the menu and plate waste in public day care centers in São Paulo city, Brazil
Authors: Longo-Silva Giovana , Toloni Maysa , Rodrigues Sara , Rocha Ada , Taddei José Augusto de Aguiar Carrazedo
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed menu quality and plate waste in public day care centers of São Paulo (SP), Brazil. METHODS: This cross-sectional study collected data from the nurseries of seven day care centers, totaling 366 children aged 12 to 36 months. Each day care center was assessed for three days, totaling 42 days and 210 meals. Menu quality was assessed by the Qualitative Analysis of Menu Preparations method (Análise Qualitativa das Preparações do Cardápio), adapted for day care centers, which provides nutritional and sensory criteria. Food waste was determined by the Plate Waste-Ingestion Index. RESULTS: The supply of vegetables was inadequate in more than 90% of the days, and the amount of leafy vegetables and high-sulfur foods met the recommended amounts on 50% of the days. The supply of sweets and foods containing trans fatty acids was considerable. The Plate Waste-Ingestion Index for daycare centers varied from 25% to 43%, and the Plate Waste-Ingestion Index for food items varied from 11% to 47%. CONCLUSION: The preparations served and serving sizes clearly need to be reviewed, and new menu creation strategies are needed to control food waste.
Factors associated with breakfasting in users of a public health service
Authors: Freitas Patrícia Pinheiro de , Mendonça Raquel de Deus , Lopes Aline Cristine Souza
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVE: This study identified the sociodemographic, lifestyle, dietary and anthropometric factors of users of a public health promotion service who have breakfast regularly. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included all users aged 20 years or more who joined the service between March 2007 and December 2010. Their socioeconomic and anthropometric data, dietary habits and health status were investigated. Statistical treatment included the Chi-square, Mann-Whitney, Fisher's exact and Student's t tests and Poisson regression analysis (p<0.05). RESULTS: Most of the participants (87.1%, n=528) breakfasted often, especially those aged 48.5 years or more (p=0.041). Poisson regression analysis showed association between breakfasting often and not smoking (PR=1.45, 95%CI: 1.10-1.91), having a greater number of daily meals (PR=1.15, 95%CI: 1.06-1.25), appropriate intake of deep-fried foods (PR=1.12, 95%CI: 1.01-1.25), lower fat intake (PR=0.78, 95%CI: 0.68-0.89) and smaller prevalence of excess weight (PR=0.85, 95%CI: 0.78-0.92). CONCLUSION: The positive relationship found between breakfasting often and not smoking, appropriate food and nutrient intakes and a healthier body weight shows the need of emphasizing this meal in health services as a simple and doable health promotion strategy that helps to prevent and control chronic diseases.
Which equation should be used to measure energy expenditure in HIV-infected patients?
Authors: Vassimon Helena Siqueira , Monteiro Jacqueline Pontes , Machado Alcyone Artioli , Paula Francisco José Albuquerque de , Kutschenko Andressa , Jordão Alceu Afonso
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVE: In view of the practical need to use equations for the evaluation of energy expenditure in HIV-infected patients, the objective of the present study was to determine the concordance between the energy expenditure values obtained by indirect calorimetry as the gold standard and those obtained by predictive equations elaborated from data for the healthy population: Harris-Benedict, Schofield and Cunningham, and by equations elaborated from data for HIV-infected patients: Melchior (1991-1993). METHODS: The study was conducted at the Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto on 32 HIV-infected men under treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy. Resting energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry and estimated on the basis of measurement of O2 consumption and CO2 production. RESULTS: Statistical analysis revealed weak concordance for the Harris-Benedict (0.38) and Cunningham (0.34) equations and satisfactory concordance for the Schofield equation (0.47). Only the two Melchior equations (1991 and 1993) showed strong concordance with the values obtained by indirect calorimetry (0.63 and 0.66, respectively) and could be used in practice. CONCLUSION: The best equations seem to be population-specific, such as the Melchior equations elaborated for HIV-infected patients.
El rastro y la ruina: tras la huella de Antonio José Ponte y Abilio Estévez
Authors: González Elena C. Palmero
Published: May 2013

Un tema recurrente en los estudios contemporáneos sobre la memoria es el de los rastros, huellas o vestigios memoriales. Tras una fecunda sistematización en el pensamiento filosófico, lo que podríamos llamar una teoría del rastro impacta hoy los estudios de la literatura y la cultura, sacando a la luz originales poéticas. Me intereso por la noción porque pretendo en este trabajo vincularla al tema de las autobiografías de artistas. Específicamente focalizo mi estudio en dos textos de carácter autobiográfico de escritores cubanos contemporáneos, que en la diversidad de sus estilos literarios, permiten al lector reconstituir un fragmento de la historia cultural reciente en la isla. Seguir las pistas dejadas por el autobiógrafo, escuchar el susurro de su relato íntimo, articulando su expresión subjetiva al horizonte problemático de lo colectivo son mis objetivos centrales al acometer el estudio de Inventario secreto de La Habana (2004) de Abilio Estévez y La fiesta vigilada (2007) de Antonio José Ponte.
Huellas, residuos, correspondencias: contribución a una lectura de o relacional en literatura
Authors: Cas Norah Giraldi Dei
Published: May 2013

Distinguimos en este trabajo entre la puesta en escena de lo nacional según una dirección y estrategias ideológicas que caracterizan una literatura que acompaña la creación de los estados nacionales, y la modalidad de los desplazamientos reales o imaginarios que asume el artista en su obra, que produce una traducción o modalidad de lo intertextual y extraterritorialidades diversas, y que recupera el lector como búsqueda de huellas y correspondencias entre una o más obras. La literatura como territorio en devenir, que da lugar a relaciones significativas emergentes, según el tipo de recepción. Teniendo en cuenta esta perspectiva, la de los intercambios transnacionales y transoceánicos en el contexto de la globalización actual, bajo la influencia de migraciones masivas, de constantes exilios y otros tipos de pasajes, queremos contribuir a la reflexión sobre una postura crítica de lo relacional que admita estas modalidades de trasvases, traducciones y relaciones múltiples en lo social como en el campo de la creación.
Autoficção brasileira: influências francesas, indefinições teóricas
Authors: Hidalgo Luciana
Published: May 2013

Desde a invenção do neologismo "autofiction" pelo teórico e escritor Serge Doubrovsky na quarta capa de seu romance Fils, em 1977, o termo provoca discussões polêmicas no universo da teoria literária francesa, num longo e inacabado processo de inscrição da autoficção como gênero. Na prática, no entanto, o termo é cada vez mais popular, utilizado por autores contemporâneos nas mais diversas literaturas. Nesse artigo, expõem-se algumas questões a respeito do assunto por parte de teóricos franceses, revelando-se ainda como o neologismo contagia a literatura brasileira contemporânea, rendendo uma multiplicidade de formas de apropriação do exercício autoficcional.
O efeito de diferentes métodos de ensino de inglês como língua estrangeira na compreensão de textos em inglês
Authors: Falcão Ana Almeida , Spinillo Alina Galvão
Published: May 2013

O estudo examinou a influência de diferentes métodos de ensino de inglês como língua estrangeira na compreensão de textos em inglês. Trinta alunos de inglês falantes nativos do português (12 a 14 anos) foram investigados. Metade da amostra freqüentava cursos de inglês que adotavam uma Abordagem Comunicativa, e a outra metade freqüentava cursos que adotavam uma Abordagem Áudiolingual. A compreensão de textos, em inglês e em português, foi avaliada através da reprodução de um texto lido e perguntas sobre o texto. Apesar de todos os participantes apresentarem níveis semelhantes de compreensão de textos em português, quando compreendiam o texto em inglês, os alunos da Abordagem Comunicativa mostraram níveis mais elaborados de compreensão do que os alunos da Abordagem Áudiolingual. Concluiu-se que o método de ensino desempenha papel importante na compreensão de textos em inglês.
Telecolaboração e divergência em uma experiência de aprendizagem de português e inglês como línguas estrangeiras
Authors: Souza Ricardo Augusto de
Published: May 2013

Este artigo propõe que um dos desafios encontrados por aprendizes de línguas, engajados com projetos de telecolaboração mediada pelo computador, diz respeito ao manejo das divergências entre seus próprios contextos de aprendizagem e os de seus colaboradores. Esse argumento será ilustrado por meio do relato de uma experiência de aprendizagem de português-inglês desenvolvida segundo os parâmetros de uma pedagogia da aprendizagem de línguas, mediada pelo computador denominada "aprendizagem em tandem". Na análise, será proposto que diferenças macrossociais entre o ensino de língua portuguesa na Austrália e o ensino de inglês no Brasil tenham sido insidiosas nos resultados do trabalho de telecolaboração.
Virtual Classrooms in Brazil: teachers' difficulties and anxieties towards technology in language learning
Authors: Mattos Andréa Machado de Almeida
Published: May 2013

Many researchers, nowadays, have been enthusiastic in promoting the advantages of introducing technology in the language classroom, but few have been worried with the problems and anxieties that result from changes in a long-lasting culture such as the culture of language learning. This paper aims at discussing the problems faced by teachers who have been working with technology in their language classrooms. The research design was based on theoretical and empirical studies both in the areas of Computer Assisted Language Learning and Teacher Development. The main objective of this paper is, thus, to achieve a global understanding of the teachers' anxieties in relation to the virtual environment of language learning. Data was gathered through interviews with the teachers, leading to a qualitative analysis of the findings.
Ipilimumab for Patients With Advanced Mucosal Melanoma
Authors: Postow Michael A. , Luke Jason J. , Bluth Mark J. , Ramaiya Nikhil , Panageas Katherine S. , Lawrence Donald P. , Ibrahim Nageatte , Flaherty Keith T. , Sullivan Ryan J. , Ott Patrick A. , Callahan Margaret K. , Harding James J. , D'Angelo Sandra P. , Dickson Mark A. , Schwartz Gary K. , Chapman Paul B. , Gnjatic Sacha , Wolchok Jedd D. , Hodi F. Stephen , Carvajal Richard D.
Published: May 2013

The outcome of patients with mucosal melanoma treated with ipilimumab is not defined. To assess the efficacy and safety of ipilimumab in this melanoma subset, we performed a multicenter, retrospective analysis of 33 patients with unresectable or metastatic mucosal melanoma treated with ipilimumab. The clinical characteristics, treatments, toxicities, radiographic assessment of disease burden by central radiology review at each site, and mutational profiles of the patients' tumors were recorded. Available peripheral blood samples were used to assess humoral immunity against a panel of cancer-testis antigens and other antigens. By the immune-related response criteria of the 30 patients who underwent radiographic assessment after ipilimumab at approximately week 12, there were 1 immune-related complete response, 1 immune-related partial response, 6 immune-related stable disease, and 22 immune-related progressive disease. By the modified World Health Organization criteria, there were 1 immune-related complete response, 1 immune-related partial response, 5 immune-related stable disease, and 23 immune-related progressive disease. Immune-related adverse events (as graded by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0) consisted of six patients with rash (four grade 1, two grade 2), three patients with diarrhea (one grade 1, two grade 3), one patient with grade 1 thyroiditis, one patient with grade 3 hepatitis, and 1 patient with grade 2 hypophysitis. The median overall survival from the time of the first dose of ipilimumab was 6.4 months (range: 1.8–26.7 months). Several patients demonstrated serologic responses to cancer-testis antigens and other antigens. Durable responses to ipilimumab were observed, but the overall response rate was low. Additional investigation is necessary to clarify the role of ipilimumab in patients with mucosal melanoma.
Design and construction of A34 Wolvercote highway viaduct replacement, UK
Authors: Nicholson Timothy Arthur
Published: May 2013

This paper describes the design and construction of the A34 Wolvercote highway viaduct replacement scheme in the UK. The existing twin viaduct carrying the A34 over the A40, the Oxford Canal and the Network Rail Oxford to Rugby lines was replaced with a single new viaduct essentially on the same lines as the existing viaduct. Two-way traffic was maintained on the A34 by constructing the new viaduct in two halves partly offline, sliding one 250 m long 5000 t half over to meet the other during an overnight closure of the A34 and A40 trunk roads and a weekend closure of the railway, and stitching the two together.
Characterizing uncertainty in species distribution models derived from interpolated weather station data
Authors: Fernández M. , Hamilton H. , Kueppers L. M.
Published: May 2013

Species distribution models (SDMs) are used to generate hypotheses regarding the potential distributions of species under different environmental conditions, such as forecasts of species range shifts in response to climate change and predictions of invasive species range expansions. However, an accurate description of species' geographic ranges as a function of the environment requires that species observations and climatic variables are measured at the same spatial and temporal resolution, which is usually not the case. Weather station data are interpolated and these resulting continuous data layers are incorporated into SDMs, often without any uncertainty assessment. Here we quantify the effects of three unrelated but complementary aspects of uncertainty in weather station interpolations on SDM performance using MaxEnt. We examine the influence of topographic heterogeneity, interannual variability, and distance to station on the over‐ and under‐prediction of modeled North American bird distributions. Our species observations are derived from presence‐absence information for 20 bird species with well‐known distributions. These three metrics of uncertainty in interpolated weather station data have varying contributions to over‐ and under‐prediction errors in SDMs. Topographic heterogeneity had the highest contribution to omission errors; the lowest contribution to commission errors was from Euclidean distance to station. The results confirm the importance of establishing an appropriate relational basis in time and space between species and climatic layers, providing key operational criteria for selection of species observations fed into SDMs. Our findings highlight the importance of identifying weather stations locations used in interpolated products, which will allow a characterization of some aspects of uncertainty and identification of regions where users need to be particularly careful when making a decision based on a SDM.
Spinel-free and spinel-poor dunite veins crosscutting the Wadi Rajmi ophiolite chromitite (northern Oman ophiolite)
Authors: Abbou-Kebir Khadidja , Arai Shoji , Ahmed Ahmed Hassan , Ceuleneer Georges
Published: May 2013

Peculiar dunitic veins almost or totally free of spinels crosscut a podiform chromitite ore body in the Wadi Rajmi, northern Oman ophiolite. They probably originated from a komatiitic melt which was oversaturated in Fo≤94 olivines and which evolved to precipitate simultaneously both chromian spinels, with Cr# ranging from 0.6 to 0.8, and Fo91-93 olivines. The absence or the low modal amounts of spinels are possibly governed by a Cr-undersaturation state of the involved melt which crystallized under relatively low cooling rates to generate the spinel-free and the spinel-poor dunites. A shallow and highly depleted mantle source for this komatiitic melt was envisaged during a converging tectonic regime, initiated earlier in the dynamic history of the Oman ophiolite.
Apparent lack of cross-reactivity for infusion-related reactions between two forms of lipid-based amphotericin B
Authors: Buckley Mitchell S. , Anderson Clint S. , Patel Shardool A. , Yerondopoulos Melanie J. , Wicks Laura M. , Martin Mary T.
Published: May 2013

Purpose

The case of a patient who experienced probable infusion-related reactions to amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC) but tolerated continued amphotericin B therapy after a switch to an alternative lipid-based formulation is reported.

A 28-year-old immunocompromised man with pneumonia, respiratory failure, and neutropenic fever was initiated on ABLC and other antibiotics for suspected invasive aspergillosis. Due to the patient’s deteriorating renal function, the use of amphotericin B was deemed preferable to the standard therapy for invasive aspergillosis (voriconazole) even though he had experienced likely infusion-related reactions to ABLC on two prior occasions. During the infusion of ABLC, significant increases in the man’s temperature, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, and heart rate were observed. Although those symptoms were suspected to be infusion related, it was decided that continuing amphotericin B therapy with an alternative lipid-based form of the drug was the best course of action. After the patient was switched to liposomal amphotericin B one day later, no further infusion-related adverse reactions were noted for the duration of therapy. While this case suggests that adverse reactions to one type of amphotericin B might not occur with the use of an alternative formulation, further research is needed to better define the potential for cross-reactivity among various forms of amphotericin B and related safe-infusion practices.

Conclusion

A patient with invasive aspergillosis who experienced likely infusion- related reactions to ABLC was able to tolerate continued amphotericin B therapy after a switch to the liposomal formulation.
Low Doses of Tetracycline Trigger the E. coli Growth: A Case of Hormetic Response
Authors: Migliore Luciana , Rotini Alice , Thaller Maria Cristina
Published: May 2013

Hormesis is a biphasic dose-response relationship, occurring when low concentrations of toxic agents elicit apparent improvements. In this work, the ability of sub-inhibitory concentrations of Tetracycline to induce hormetic response in a model organism was investigated. To this aim a reference strain of Escherichia coli, MG1655, was exposed to six decreasing doses of Tetracycline (between 0.12 and 0.00375 μg/ml), much lower than the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (4 μg/ml). An hormetic increase was observed at the intermediate concentrations (0.015–0.03 μg/ml) of the tested range. The Colony Forming Unit number, indeed, rose up to 141% and 121% as compared to the control. At the highest (0.12 μg/ml) and lowest (0.00375 μg/ml) concentrations a slight decrease in CFU number was found. Results demonstrated that, in Escherichia coli, low concentrations of Tetracycline bias the bacterial numerical increase through a hormetic response; the dose-response curve describing this numerical increase is an U-inverted curve. Furthermore, these data confirm that hormesis is common to many - if not all - living systems, including bacteria; they underline the relevance of a deepened knowledge of both the effects and the possible consequences of exposure to low doses of contaminants.
Entomological and ecological index for risk of infection causing lyme disease in territory of Vojvodina, Serbia
Authors: Potkonjak Aleksandar , Jurisic Aleksandar , Petrovic Aleksandra , Nicin Slobodan , Rajkovic Dragana , Lako Branislav , Obrenovic Sonja
Published: May 2013

In Europe, of all the vector transmitted diseases, the occurrence of lyme
disease is the one most often registered, and the most significant vector
Borrelia burgdorferi is the tick Ixodes ricinus. Both humans and animals
contract lyme disease. The risk of the occurrence of lyme disease is in
correlation with potential exposure to tick bites and depends on the density
of the tick population in the endemic area, the percentage of ticks infected
with the cause of lyme disease, the duration and the nature of the activity
of the susceptible population in a certain area. The objective of these
investigations was to determine the entomological and the ecological risk
index, as well as to assess the risk of transmission of the cause of lyme
disease in the territory of Vojvodina Province in the Republic of Serbia.
Ticks were collected at 12 locations in the South Backa District of
Vojvodina. A total of 1400 ticks were identified up to the level of species.
After establishing the infection of ticks with the cause of lyme disease, the
entomological and the ecological index was determined for the given regions
using microscopic examination in a dark field. Two species of ticks aere
identified in this geographic region (Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor
marginatus). Examining I. ricinus, the prevalence of infection B. burgdorferi
was established, ranging up to 33.1%. The ecological risk index indicates
that there is a potential risk of humans and animals becoming infected at 8
localities. It was determined for 3 localities that there is a definite
actual risk of the transferrence of causes of lyme disease.
Associations between the risk of tooth agenesis and single-nucleotide polymorphisms of MSX1 and PAX9 genes in nonsyndromic cleft patients
Authors: Seo Yu-Jin , Park Ji Wan , Kim Young Ho , Baek Seung-Hak
Published: May 2013

Objective:

To investigate the association between the risk of tooth agenesis and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of MSX1 and PAX9 genes in nonsyndromic cleft patients.

Materials and Methods:

The subjects were 126 Korean nonsyndromic cleft patients. Tooth agenesis type (TAT) was classified as none (0); cleft area (1); cleft area + other area (2); and other area (3) based on agenesis of the maxillary lateral incisor (MXLI) and another tooth within or outside the cleft area. TAT was further grouped into two subcategories (0 and 1) and four subcategories (0, 1, 2, and 3). Three SNPs of MSX1 and 10 SNPs of PAX9 were investigated using Fisher's exact test and logistic regression analysis.

Results:

Although the association between genotype distribution of PAX9-rs7142363 and TAT was significant (P < .05 in four subcategories), genotypic odds ratios (GORs) of SNPs in each TAT were not meaningful. However, for MSX1-rs12532 and PAX9-rs2073247, associations between genotypic distribution and TAT were significant (P < .01 in four subcategories and P < .05 in two subcategories; P < .01 in two subcategories, respectively). In cleft area, GORs of MXLI agenesis in genotypes GA of MSX1-rs12532 and CT of PAX9-rs2073247 were increased by 3.14-fold and 4.15-fold compared with genotype GG of MSX1-rs12532 and CC of PAX9-rs2073247, respectively (P <. 01; P < .05). In cleft area + other area, the GOR of agenesis of MXLI and another tooth in genotype AA of MSX1-rs12532 was increased by fivefold compared with genotype GG (P < .05).

Conclusion:

Genetic disturbances of MSX1 and PAX9 genes are associated with tooth agenesis within and outside the cleft area.
Low-Volume Insulin Degludec 200 Units/mL Once Daily Improves Glycemic Control Similarly to Insulin Glargine With a Low Risk of Hypoglycemia in Insulin-Naïve Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Gough Stephen C.L. , Bhargava Anuj , Jain Rajeev , Mersebach Henriette , Rasmussen Søren , Bergenstal Richard M.
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVE

The 200 units/mL formulation of insulin degludec (IDeg 200 units/mL) contains equal units of insulin in half the volume compared with the 100 units/mL formulation. We compared the efficacy and safety of IDeg 200 units/mL once daily with 100 units/mL insulin glargine (IGlar) in insulin-naïve subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) inadequately controlled with oral antidiabetic drugs.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

In this 26-week, open-label, treat-to-target trial, subjects (n = 457; mean HbA1c 8.3% [67 mmol/mol], BMI 32.4 kg/m2, and fasting plasma glucose [FPG] 9.6 mmol/L [173.2 mg/dL]) were randomized to IDeg 200 units/mL or IGlar, both given once daily in combination with metformin with or without a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor. Basal insulin was initiated at 10 units/day and titrated weekly to an FPG target of <5 mmol/L (<90 mg/dL) according to mean prebreakfast self-measured blood glucose values from the preceding 3 days.

RESULTS

By 26 weeks, IDeg reduced HbA1c by 1.30% and was not inferior to IGlar. Mean observed FPG reductions were significantly greater with IDeg than IGlar (−3.7 vs. −3.4 mmol/L [–67 vs. –61 mg/dL]; estimated treatment difference: −0.42 [95% CI −0.78 to −0.06], P = 0.02). Despite this difference, rates of overall confirmed hypoglycemia were not higher with IDeg than with IGlar (1.22 and 1.42 episodes/patient-year, respectively), as were rates of nocturnal confirmed hypoglycemia (0.18 and 0.28 episodes/patient-year, respectively). Mean daily basal insulin dose was significantly lower by 11% with IDeg 200 units/mL compared with IGlar. IDeg was well-tolerated, and the rate of treatment-emergent adverse events was similar across groups.

CONCLUSIONS

In this treat-to-target trial in insulin-naïve patients with T2DM, IDeg 200 units/mL improved glycemic control similarly to IGlar with a low risk of hypoglycemia.
Marginal Adaptation of Direct Class II Composite Restorations with Different Cavity Liners
Authors: Pecie R , Onisor I , Krejci I , Bortolotto T
Published: May 2013

The aim of this study was to evaluate how cavity linings with different elastic modulus can influence the marginal adaptation (MA) of Class II composite restorations before and after thermo-mechanical loading.

Materials and Methods: Forty Class II cavities with margins extending 1 mm below the cement-enamel junction were prepared in extracted human third molars. In each group except the control group, a lining material of 1-mm thickness was applied to the bottom of the cavity and polymerized before placing the resin composite Herculite XRV Ultra (group A: control; group B: Premise Flowable lining; group C: Herculite XRV Ultra lining; and group D: Optibond FL lining). MA was evaluated (with a scanning electron microscope) before and after loading (200,000 loading cycles). Statistical analysis was done using the Shapiro-Wilks test, the analysis of variance test, and Duncan post hoc test at p<0.05.

Results: Before loading, the percentages of continuous margins in dentin were superior (p<0.05) for groups C and D (71.1% and 87.2%, respectively) compared to groups A and B (55.7% and 48.3%, respectively). After loading, group D (79.8%) was statistically superior in dentin compared to all of the other groups (43.6%, 35.9%, and 54.4%, respectively). In occlusal enamel, no significant difference was found between groups. The percentage of enamel fractures and the percentage of noncontinuous margins in proximal enamel were high, with no significant difference between liners. It can be concluded that for the materials used in this study, a 1-mm-thick lining with an extremely low elastic modulus (2-3 GPa) could redistribute shrinkage stress. The use of a flowable composite did not significantly improve MA.
Evaluation of thermal antinociceptive effects after intramuscular administration of hydromorphone hydrochloride to American kestrels (Falco sparverius)
Authors: Guzman David Sanchez-Migallon , Drazenovich Tracy L. , Olsen Glenn H. , Willits Neil H. , Paul-Murphy Joanne R.
Published: May 2013

Objective—To evaluate the antinociceptive and sedative effects and duration of action of hydromorphone hydrochloride after IM administration to American kestrels (Falco sparverius).

Animals—11 healthy 2-year-old American kestrels.

Procedures—Hydromorphone (0.1, 0.3, and 0.6 mg/kg) and an equivalent volume of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (control treatment) were administered IM to kestrels in a masked randomized complete crossover study design. Foot withdrawal response to a thermal stimulus was determined 30 to 60 minutes before (baseline) and 0.5, 1.5, 3, and 6 hours after treatment administration. Agitation-sedation scores were determined 3 to 5 minutes before each thermal test.

Results—Hydromorphone at 0.6 mg/kg, IM, significantly increased the thermal foot withdrawal threshold, compared with the response after administration of saline solution, for up to 3 hours, and hydromorphone at 0.1, 0.3, and 0.6 mg/kg, IM, significantly increased withdrawal responses for up to 6 hours, compared with baseline values. No significant differences in mean sedation-agitation scores were detected between hydromorphone and saline solution treatments; however, appreciable sedation was detected in 4 birds when administered 0.6 mg of hydromorphone/kg.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Hydromorphone at the doses evaluated significantly increased the thermal nociception threshold for American kestrels for 3 to 6 hours. Additional studies with other types of stimulation, formulations, dosages, routes of administration, and testing times are needed to fully evaluate the analgesic and adverse effects of hydromorphone in kestrels and other avian species and the use of hydromorphone in clinical settings.
Evaluation of righting reflex in cane toads (Bufo marinus) after topical application of sevoflurane jelly
Authors: Stone Sabrina M. , Clark-Price Stuart C. , Boesch Jordyn M. , Mitchell Mark A.
Published: May 2013

Objective—To evaluate the righting reflex after topical application of a sevoflurane jelly in cane toads (Bufo marinus).

Animals—8 cane toads.

Procedures—Toads were 6 to 8 months of age and weighed (mean ± SD) 142.0 ± 25.2 g. Sevoflurane jelly was applied to the dorsum of each toad at a dose of 25 μL/g in trial 1 and 37.5 μL/g in trial 2. Toads were placed in dorsal recumbency every 30 seconds until loss of the righting reflex. Jelly was then removed by rinsing the toads with tap water. Toads were then left undisturbed in dorsal recumbency until return of the righting reflex. Chamber sevoflurane concentration was measured to determine vaporization.

Results—6 of 8 toads in trial 1 and 8 of 8 toads in trial 2 lost the righting reflex. Mean ± SD time to loss of the reflex was 8.2 ± 1.3 minutes for trial 1 and 8.3 ± 0.9 minutes for trial 2; this difference was not significant. Mean ± SD time to return of the reflex was 25.6 ± 26.2 minutes for trial 1 and 84.4 ± 47.2 minutes for trial 2; this difference was significant. Chamber sevoflurane concentration did not change significantly, compared with baseline (time 0) concentration, at any time in trial 1; however, there was a significant change in chamber sevoflurane concentration from baseline (time 0) concentration in trial 2. Chamber sevoflurane concentrations were not significantly different between trial 1 and trial 2 at any time. Mean ± SD chamber sevoflurane concentration was 0.46 ± 0.2% for trial 1 and 0.57 ± 0.28% for trial 2.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Sevoflurane jelly applied topically at a dose of 37.5 μL/g induced a more reliable loss of righting reflex and longer recovery time than when applied at a dose of 25 μL/g in cane toads.
Field study of the comparative efficacy of gamithromycin and tulathromycin for the control of undifferentiated bovine respiratory disease complex in beef feedlot calves at high risk of developing respiratory tract disease
Authors: Torres Siddartha , Thomson Dan U. , Bello Nora M. , Nosky Bruce J. , Reinhardt Chris D.
Published: May 2013

Objective—To compare the efficacy of gamithromycin with that of tulathromycin for control of undifferentiated bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) in feedlot calves.

Animals—2,529 weaned crossbred beef calves.

Procedures—At each of 2 feedlots, calves at risk of developing BRDC were administered a single dose of gamithromycin (6.0 mg/kg, SC; n = 1,263) or tulathromycin (2.5 mg/kg, SC; 1,266) metaphylactically. Health (BRDC morbidity, mortality, case-fatality, and retreatment rates) and performance (average daily gain, dry matter intake, and feed-to-gain ratio) outcomes were compared between treatments via classical hypothesis testing. Bioequivalence limits for gamithromycin and tulathromycin were established for outcomes for which no significant difference between treatments was detected.

Results—Mean BRDC morbidity rate (31.0%) for calves administered gamithromycin was greater than that (22.9%) for calves administered tulathromycin; otherwise, health and performance did not differ between treatments. Limits for mean differences within which gamithromycin was considered bioequivalent to tulathromycin were ± 10% for BRDC retreatment rate, ± 3.5% for BRDC mortality rate, ± 16% for case-fatality rate, ± 37 kg for final body weight, ± 0.1 kg/d for average daily gain, ± 0.3 kg/d for dry matter intake, and ± 0.7 for feed-to-gain ratio.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The efficacy of gamithromycin did not differ from that of tulathromycin for all outcomes except morbidity rate; calves administered gamithromycin had a higher BRDC morbidity rate than did calves administered tulathromycin. On the basis of the bioequivalence limits established for this dataset, gamithromycin was considered equivalent to tulathromycin for the control of BRDC.
Field study of the comparative efficacy of gamithromycin and tulathromycin for the treatment of undifferentiated bovine respiratory disease complex in beef feedlot calves
Authors: Torres Siddartha , Thomson Dan U. , Bello Nora M. , Nosky Bruce J. , Reinhardt Chris D.
Published: May 2013

Objective—To compare the efficacy of gamithromycin with that of tulathromycin for the treatment of undifferentiated bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) in feedlot calves.

Animals—1,049 weaned crossbred beef calves.

Procedures—At each of 6 feedlots, newly arrived calves with BRDC were administered a single dose of gamithromycin (6.0 mg/kg, SC; n = 523) or tulathromycin (2.5 mg/kg, SC; 526). Case-fatality and BRDC retreatment rates during the first 120 days after treatment, final body weight, and average daily gain (ADG), were compared between treatments. At 2 feedlots, calves were assigned clinical scores for 10 days after treatment to determine recovery rates for each treatment. Bioequivalence limits for gamithromycin and tulathromycin were calculated for outcomes for which there was no significant difference between treatments.

Results—Mean BRDC retreatment rate (17.7%) for calves administered gamithromycin was greater than that (9.0%) for calves administered tulathromycin. Mean case-fatality rate, final body weight, ADG, and clinical score 10 days after treatment did not differ significantly between treatments. Limits for mean differences within which gamithromycin was bioequivalent to tulathromycin were ± 2.4% for case-fatality rate, ± 13 kg for final body weight, and ± 0.1 kg/d for ADG.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Calves administered gamithromycin had a higher BRDC retreatment rate than did calves administered tulathromycin; otherwise, the clinical efficacy did not differ between the 2 treatments for the treatment of BRDC in feedlot calves.