bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Slow or fast: Implications of myofibre type and associated differences for manifestation of neuromuscular disorders
Authors: Lloyd Erin M. , Pinniger Gavin J. , Murphy Robyn M. , Grounds Miranda D.
Published: June 2023

Many neuromuscular disorders can have a differential impact on a specific myofibre type, forming the central premise of this review. The many different skeletal muscles in mammals contain a spectrum of slow‐ to fast‐twitch myofibres with varying levels of protein isoforms that determine their distinctive contractile, metabolic, and other properties. The variations in functional properties across the range of classic ‘slow’ to ‘fast’ myofibres are outlined, combined with exemplars of the predominantly slow‐twitch soleus and fast‐twitch extensor digitorum longus muscles, species comparisons, and techniques used to study these properties. Other intrinsic and extrinsic differences are discussed in the context of slow and fast myofibres. These include inherent susceptibility to damage, myonecrosis, and regeneration, plus extrinsic nerves, extracellular matrix, and vasculature, examined in the context of growth, ageing, metabolic syndrome, and sexual dimorphism. These many differences emphasise the importance of carefully considering the influence of myofibre‐type composition on manifestation of various neuromuscular disorders across the lifespan for both sexes. Equally, understanding the different responses of slow and fast myofibres due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors can provide deep insight into the precise molecular mechanisms that initiate and exacerbate various neuromuscular disorders. This focus on the influence of different myofibre types is of fundamental importance to enhance translation for clinical management and therapies for many skeletal muscle disorders.
Letter: Mendelian randomization—New perspective in inflammatory bowel disease and pancreatic cancer?
Authors: Min Yu , Wei Xiaoyuan , Peng Xingchen
Published: June 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Massironi et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16949 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17552
Editorial: faecal incontinence in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Miles Matthew , Nasser Yasmin
Published: June 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Vasant et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17502
Letter: childhood recurrent abdominal pain is associated with increased duodenal eosinophilia independent of Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Wauters Lucas , Harris Paul R. , Walker Marjorie M. , Serrano Carolina A. , Villagrán Andrea , Rakhra Gurpreet S. , Crabtree Jean E. , Talley Nicholas J.
Published: June 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Broeders et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17414
Reconciling impact and participation: Reflections on collaborating with specialist organisations for PhD research
Authors: Hayes Sylvia , Manktelow Chris
Published: June 2023

Recent debates within Geography have discussed the benefits of collaborating with non‐academic partners in research (e.g. Campbell & Vanderhoven, 2016, Knowledge that matters: Realising the potential of Co‐production. Manchester, UK: N8 Research Partnership; Holt et al., 2019, Area, 51, 390). We discuss these debates in relation to two key concepts in Geography: Impact and Participation. In this article, we critically reflect on our own experiences as PhD researchers conducting collaborative research projects, discussing the outcomes, challenges and ‘expectations gaps’ of collaboration with non‐academic partners (Flinders et al., 2016, Evidence & Policy, 12, 261, p. 269). Our contribution lies in our reflections on collaboratively producing knowledge through being embedded in non‐academic expert organisations. Much of the debate in Geography has focused on collaboration with marginalised groups or vulnerable communities (e.g. Holt et al., 2019, 2019, Area, 51, 390), and we add to these debates with the experiences of collaborating with two expert organisations: a specialist climate journalism organisation (Carbon Brief); and a government organisation (Met Office). First, we discuss the varying forms of impact that were produced through conducting our research collaboratively, not only through improving the quality of our academic outputs through ‘ontological transformation’ (Barry et al., 2008, Economy and Society, 37, 20, p. 20), but also ‘real‐world’, actionable impacts for the collaborative partners. We relate both these experiences to ideas of impact which go beyond the REF Impact Agenda, specifically finding important the concept of ‘impact‐in‐process’ (Marzi, 2022, Area). Second, we discuss the ethical complexities and power dynamics involved with embedding a researcher in an expert organisation. We highlight the need for broader conceptions of ethnical research, drawing particularly from Campbell and Vanderhoven's ‘ethical state of mind’ (2016, p. 30). In sum, we argue that although PhD research which is produced collaboratively with expert organisations can produce practical benefits to both researcher and partner, there are important discussions around power dynamics and ethics which can prevent PhD research done in this way from fully realising the transformational potential of collaboration.
Virtual drug screen reveals context‐dependent inhibition of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy
Authors: Eggertsen Taylor G. , Saucerman Jeffrey J.
Published: June 2023

Background and Purpose

Pathological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy is a response to cardiac stress that typically leads to heart failure. Despite being a primary contributor to pathological cardiac remodelling, the therapeutic space that targets hypertrophy is limited. Here, we apply a network model to virtually screen for FDA‐approved drugs that induce or suppress cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.

Experimental Approach

A logic‐based differential equation model of cardiomyocyte signalling was used to predict drugs that modulate hypertrophy. These predictions were validated against curated experiments from the prior literature. The actions of midostaurin were validated in new experiments using TGFβ‐ and noradrenaline (NE)‐induced hypertrophy in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes.

Key Results

Model predictions were validated in 60 out of 70 independent experiments from the literature and identify 38 inhibitors of hypertrophy. We additionally predict that the efficacy of drugs that inhibit cardiomyocyte hypertrophy is often context dependent. We predicted that midostaurin inhibits cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by TGFβ, but not noradrenaline, exhibiting context dependence. We further validated this prediction by cellular experiments. Network analysis predicted critical roles for the PI3K and RAS pathways in the activity of celecoxib and midostaurin, respectively. We further investigated the polypharmacology and combinatorial pharmacology of drugs. Brigatinib and irbesartan in combination were predicted to synergistically inhibit cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.

Conclusion and Implications

This study provides a well‐validated platform for investigating the efficacy of drugs on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and identifies midostaurin for consideration as an antihypertrophic drug.
Preventable burden of head and neck cancer attributable to tobacco and alcohol between 1990 and 2039 in China
Authors: Song Cheng , Chen Yahan , Qiao Youlin
Published: June 2023

Tobacco use and heavy alcohol consumption are risk factors for head and neck cancer (HNC), including oral, pharynx, and larynx cancer. No study has investigated the preventable burden of HNC attributable to tobacco and alcohol in China. We extracted data from 1990 to 2019 from the Global Burden of Disease. The preventable burden attributable to tobacco and alcohol was estimated by subtracting the overlapping fraction derived from a literature search. Descriptive analyses were performed initially, followed by joinpoint regression and age‐period‐cohort (APC) analysis. The future burden was forecasted using a Bayesian APC model. The crude burden increased significantly, while the age‐standardized rates showed a downward trend from 1990 to 2019 in China. Both all‐age and age‐standardized population attributable fractions rose significantly, potentially due to the poor prognosis of tobacco‐ and alcohol‐associated HNC. The absolute burden would continue to climb in the next 20 years from 2019, largely due to population aging. For site‐specific burden, compared with total, pharynx, and larynx cancer burden, the substantial upward trend of oral cancer burden indicated a strong interaction with risk factors such as genetic susceptibility, betel nut chewing, oral microbiota, and human papillomavirus. The burden of oral cancer attributable to tobacco and alcohol is a major concern and is anticipated to become more severe than cancer in other anatomic sites. Altogether, our study provides useful information to rethink the current restrictions on tobacco and alcohol, lean healthcare resources, and develop effective HNC prevention and control strategies.
Infant‐directed speech does not always involve exaggerated vowel distinctions: Evidence from Danish
Authors: Cox Christopher , Dideriksen Christina , Keren‐Portnoy Tamar , Roepstorff Andreas , Christiansen Morten H. , Fusaroli Riccardo
Published: June 2023

This study compared the acoustic properties of 26 (100% female, 100% monolingual) Danish caregivers' spontaneous speech addressed to their 11‐ to 24‐month‐old infants (infant‐directed speech, IDS) and an adult experimenter (adult‐directed speech, ADS). The data were collected between 2016 and 2018 in Aarhus, Denmark. Prosodic properties of Danish IDS conformed to cross‐linguistic patterns, with a higher pitch, greater pitch variability, and slower articulation rate than ADS. However, an acoustic analysis of vocalic properties revealed that Danish IDS had a reduced or similar vowel space, higher within‐vowel variability, raised formants, and lower degree of vowel discriminability compared to ADS. None of the measures, except articulation rate, showed age‐related differences. These results push for future research to conduct theory‐driven comparisons across languages with distinct phonological systems.
Negotiating power dynamics through co‐reflexivity in research with young children in disadvantaged communities
Authors: El Gemayel Sandra Marie , Salema Yaspia
Published: June 2023

This paper addresses how unequal power dynamics in research with young children in disadvantaged communities can be negotiated through co‐reflexivity. It explores this through two different projects, the “London Study” and the “Beirut Study”, which researched the play of young children from families living with disadvantage in two distinct cultures. First, we highlight similarities between both studies' methodological and ethical approaches that were designed to ‘listen’ to the children, ensure ‘ongoing consent’ and co‐create knowledge through co‐reflexivity. We then draw on data from each study to demonstrate how, in their unique contexts, co‐reflexivity was crucial to address researcher–child power dynamics.
Functional connectomes of akinetic‐rigid and tremor within drug‐naïve Parkinson's disease
Authors: Wu Haoting , Zhou Cheng , Guan Xiaojun , Bai Xueqin , Guo Tao , Wu Jingjing , Chen Jingwen , Wen Jiaqi , Wu Chenqing , Cao Zhengye , Liu Xiaocao , Gao Ting , Gu Luyan , Huang Peiyu , Xu Xiaojun , Zhang Baorong , Zhang Minming
Published: June 2023

Aims

To detect functional connectomes of akinetic‐rigid (AR) and tremor and compare their connection pattern.

Methods

Resting‐state functional MRI data of 78 drug‐naïve PD patients were enrolled to construct connectomes of AR and tremor via connectome‐based predictive modeling (CPM). The connectomes were further validated with 17 drug‐naïve patients to verify their replication.

Results

The connectomes related to AR and tremor were identified via CPM method and successfully validated in the independent set. Additional regional‐based CPM demonstrated neither AR nor tremor could be simplified to functional changes within a single brain region. Computational lesion version of CPM revealed that parietal lobe and limbic system were the most important regions among AR‐related connectome, and motor strip and cerebellum were the most important regions among tremor‐related connectome. Comparing two connectomes found that the patterns of connection between them were largely distinct, with only four overlapped connections identified.

Conclusion

AR and tremor were found to be associated with functional changes in multiple brain regions. Distinct connection patterns of AR‐related and tremor‐related connectomes suggest different neural mechanisms underlying the two symptoms.
The Relationship Between Word Length and Average Information Content in Japanese
Authors: Tanida Yuki
Published: June 2023

Piantadosi, Tily, and Gibson analyzed a large‐scale web‐scraping corpus (the Google 1T dataset) and reported that word length is independently predicted from average information content (surprisal) calculated by a 2‐ to 4‐gram model (hereafter, longer‐span surprisal) across 11 Indo‐European languages, namely, Czech, Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Polish, Spanish, Portuguese, Romanian, and Swedish. However, a recent article by Meylan and Griffiths suggested the importance of preprocessing for studies with large‐scale corpora and reanalyzed the same databases. After their preprocessing, the results in Piantadosi et al. were not replicated in Czech, Romanian, and Swedish. Additionally, a German‐specific study by Koplenig, Kupietz, and Wolfer showed that the strict analysis did not replicate the result in Piantadosi et al. for that language with the preprocessing suggested by Meylan and Griffiths in a large‐scale but less noisy database. These three studies provide evidence from 11 Indo‐European languages and one Afro‐Asiatic language, Hebrew, as relevant in this debate. However, we do not have evidence from other linguistic groups. This study provides evidence about Japanese based on a strict preprocessing of Google's web‐scraping database. The results show that Japanese word length can be predicted independently by 2‐ to 4‐gram surprisal.
Covid‐19 positive donor utilization for heart transplantation: The new frontier for donor pool expansion
Authors: Vaidya Gaurang Nandkishor , Anaya Paul , Ignaszewski Maya , Kolodziej Andrew , Malyala Rajasekhar , Rajagopalan Navin , Sekela Michael , Birks Emma
Published: June 2023

Background: Hearts from COVID‐19 positive donors (CPD) are being utilized for heart transplantation by some centers; however, this is in the setting of the lack of guidelines or robust evidence. The paucity of evidence is reflected in the recent Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) communication describing CPD utilization as an “unknown risk.” Methods and Results: We analyzed the UNOS database for adult heart transplants performed between January 2021 to December 2022, and CPD comprised of a significant percentage of donors, being used in >10% of recipients in some UNOS regions. Between July 2022 and December 2022, 7.9% of heart transplants were with CPD, and in the same period Hepatitis C positive donors accounted for 7.1% and donation after circulatory death (DCD) accounted for 10.3%. Conclusion: If the transplant community comes up with a standardized approach and guidance in using CPD hearts, this could provide an effective donor pool expansion strategy.
Automatic body part identification in real‐world clinical dermatological images using machine learning
Authors: Sitaru Sebastian , Oueslati Talel , Schielein Maximilian C , Weis Johanna , Kaczmarczyk Robert , Rueckert Daniel , Biedermann Tilo , Zink Alexander
Published: June 2023

Background

Dermatological conditions are prevalent across all population sub‐groups. The affected body part is of importance to their diagnosis, therapy, and research. The automatic identification of body parts in dermatological clinical pictures could therefore improve clinical care by providing additional information for clinical decision‐making algorithms, discovering hard‐to‐treat areas, and research by identifying new patterns of disease.

Patients and Methods

In this study, we used 6,219 labelled dermatological images from our clinical database, which were used to train and validate a convolutional neural network. As a use case, qualitative heatmaps for the body part distribution in common dermatological conditions was generated using this system.

Results

The algorithm reached a mean balanced accuracy of 89% (range 74.8%–96.5%). Non‐melanoma skin cancer photos were mostly of the face and torso, while hotspots of eczema and psoriasis image distribution included the torso, legs, and hands.

Conclusions

The accuracy of this system is comparable to the best to‐date published algorithms for image classification challenges, suggesting this algorithm could boost diagnosis, therapy, and research of dermatological conditions.
Trans‐anal tube facilitates endoscopic submucosal dissection of a >10 cm rectal laterally spreading tumor
Authors: Morikawa Takaaki , Hayashi Yoshikazu , Fukuda Hisashi
Published: June 2023

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Burden of undiagnosed and suboptimally controlled diabetes in selected regions of India: Results from the SMART India population‐level diabetes screening study
Authors: Rajalakshmi Ramachandran , Vasconcelos Joana C. , Prevost A. Toby , Sivaprasad Sobha , Deepa Mohan , Raman Rajiv , Ramasamy Kim , Anjana Ranjit Mohan , Conroy Dolores , Das Taraprasad , Hanif Wasim , Mohan Viswanathan ,   SMART India Study Collaborators
Published: June 2023

Aims

To estimate the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes and suboptimally controlled diabetes and the associated risk factors by community screening in India.

Methods

In this multi‐centre, cross‐sectional study, house‐to‐house screening was conducted in people aged ≥40 years in urban and rural areas across 10 states and one union territory in India between November 2018 and March 2020. Participants underwent anthropometry, clinical and biochemical assessments. Capillary random blood glucose and point‐of‐care glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) were used to diagnose diabetes. The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes and suboptimal control (HbA1c ≥53 mmol/mol [≥7%]) among those with known diabetes was assessed.

Results

Among the 42,146 participants screened (22,150 urban, 19,996 rural), 5689 had known diabetes. The age‐standardised prevalence of known diabetes was 13.1% (95% CI 12.8–13.4); 17.2% in urban areas and 9.4% in rural areas. The age‐standardised prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was 6.0% (95% CI 5.7–6.2); similar in both urban and rural areas with the highest proportions seen in the East (8.0%) and South (7.8%) regions. When we consider all people with diabetes in the population, 22.8% of individuals in urban areas and 36.7% in rural areas had undiagnosed diabetes. Almost 75% of the individuals with known diabetes had suboptimal glycaemic control.

Conclusions

High prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes and suboptimally controlled diabetes emphasises the urgent need to identify and optimally treat people with diabetes to reduce the burden of diabetes.
Influence of host larval weight of Anastrepha ludens on production parameters and quality attributes in the mass rearing of the parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata
Authors: Cancino Jorge , Ayala Amanda , López Patricia , de Ma Moreno Flor , Solis Eduardo , Orozco‐Dávila Dina
Published: June 2023

Larvae of Anastrepha ludens (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae) are non‐native hosts of the parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). These hosts appear to be a very good resource for the development of D. longicaudata in a wide range of larval weights. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate whether the larval weight of A. ludens influences the emergence and mass‐rearing parameters of D. longicaudata, including the parasitoid's adult attributes and host selection capacity. Three mean larval weights of 29, 25, and 21 mg were considered as high, medium, and low categories for the analysis. The tests included the effect of management of host larvae in the mass rearing of the parasitoids. In addition, evaluations of flight ability, survival, fecundity, and size were carried out in the adults that emerged from the larvae of the various weight categories. There was a direct relationship between host larval weight and parasitoid pupal weight, but there was no relationship with the emergence of adult parasitoids. However, a high percentage of females emerged from heavier larvae. Similarly, although adults that developed in the heaviest larval category were larger, adult quality parameters were not affected. In the evaluations of host selection, the parasitoids oviposited randomly in the larvae from the various weight categories; there was only selection if larvae of different weights were mixed. In addition, superparasitism did not differ between larval weight categories. In the evaluation of competition for hosts in cages under field conditions, larger female parasitoids that developed in the heaviest host larvae landed more frequently on infested fruit, but oviposition was similar between females of different sizes. In conclusion, the larval weight of A. ludens influenced the size of the host puparia and of adults of D. longicaudata, but the emergence and attributes of the developed adults were similar. Therefore, it can be concluded that the low larval weights of A. ludens evaluated in this study are within the range for proper development of D. longicaudata in mass rearing. This allows several options to produce hosts at a lower cost without negatively affecting the quality of parasitoid production.
Surgical outcomes of open and laser interstitial thermal therapy approaches for corpus callosotomy in pediatric epilepsy
Authors: Aum Diane J. , Reynolds Rebecca A. , McEvoy Sean , Tomko Stuart , Zempel John , Roland Jarod L. , Smyth Matthew D.
Published: June 2023

Objective

Corpus callosotomy (CC) is a palliative surgical intervention for patients with medically refractory epilepsy that has evolved in recent years to include a less‐invasive alternative with the use of laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT). LITT works by heating a stereotactically placed laser fiber to ablative temperatures under real‐time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) thermometry. This study aims to (1) describe the surgical outcomes of CC in a large cohort of children with medically refractory epilepsy, (2) compare anterior and complete CC, and (3) review LITT as a surgical alternative to open craniotomy for CC.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included 103 patients <21 years of age with at least 1 year follow‐up at a single institution between 2003 and 2021. Surgical outcomes and the comparative effectiveness of anterior vs complete and open versus LITT surgical approaches were assessed.

Results

CC was the most common surgical disconnection (65%, n = 67) followed by anterior two‐thirds (35%, n = 36), with a portion proceeding to posterior completion (28%, n = 10). The overall surgical complication rate was 6% (n = 6/103). Open craniotomy was the most common approach (87%, n = 90), with LITT used increasingly in recent years (13%, n = 13). Compared to open, LITT had shorter hospital stay (3 days [interquartile range (IQR) 2–5] vs 5 days [IQR 3–7]; p < .05). Modified Engel class I, II, III, and IV outcomes at last follow‐up were 19.8% (n = 17/86), 19.8% (n = 17/86), 40.2% (n = 35/86), and 19.8% (n = 17/86). Of the 70 patients with preoperative drop seizures, 75% resolved postoperatively (n = 52/69).

Significance

No significant differences in seizure outcome between patients who underwent only anterior CC and complete CC were observed. LITT is a less‐invasive surgical alternative to open craniotomy for CC, associated with similar seizure outcomes, lower blood loss, shorter hospital stays, and lower complication rates, but with longer operative times, when compared with the open craniotomy approach.
Security Analysts’ Site Visits and Stock Price Synchronicity
Authors: Jiang Yu , Lei Adrian C. H.
Published: June 2023

This paper investigates how security analysts’ corporate site visits impact listed firms’ stock‐price informativeness. Examining a sample of security analysts’ visits to Chinese listed firms from 2010 to 2019, we find that security analysts incorporate firm‐specific information into share prices through site visits, significantly reducing the visited firms’ stock price synchronicity. This finding is robust to an alternative measure of stock price informativeness and a two‐stage least‐squares approach using the introduction of high‐speed rail as the instrumental variable. We also find that the impact of analysts’ site visits on firms’ stock price synchronicity is more pronounced for firms with lower information disclosure quality and poor corporate governance than for other firms. Further analysis on firm characteristics documents that this effect is stronger for large‐size firms, firms in the manufacturing industry, and state‐owned enterprises.
Dengue: updates for dermatologists on the world's fastest‐growing vector‐borne disease
Authors: Braun Mitchell , Andersen Louise K. , Norton Scott A. , Coates Sarah J.
Published: June 2023

Dengue is the world's fastest‐growing vector borne disease and has significant epidemic potential in suitable climates. Recent disease models incorporating climate change scenarios predict geographic expansion across the globe, including parts of the United States and Europe. It will be increasingly important in the next decade for dermatologists to become familiar with dengue, as it commonly manifests with rashes, which can be used to aid diagnosis. In this review, we discuss dengue for general dermatologists, specifically focusing on its cutaneous manifestations, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. As dengue continues to spread in both endemic and new locations, dermatologists may have a larger role in the timely diagnosis and management of this disease.
Physicochemical properties and digestion characteristics of acylated Arenga pinnata starches
Authors: Li Meng‐Yun , An Feng‐Kun , Luo Hai‐Lu , Liu Yuan‐Sen , Fu Zhen
Published: June 2023

This study aims to investigate influences of different acylations (acetyl, propionyl and butyryl) with different degrees of substitution (DS) on physicochemical properties and digestion characteristics of Arenga pinnata starches (APS). The presence of acyl protons was confirmed by 1H NMR and FT‐IR spectroscopy of acylated APS. The viscosities, swelling power, thermal properties and crystallinity of acylated APS were lower than APS, but these characteristics tended to increase with the increase of DS. Acylation could effectively regulate the digestibility of starch granules. The content of resistant starch in acylated APS increased from 66.58% to 80.92%. With the DS increasing, acylation strengthened the rearrangement and aggregation behaviour of APS molecular chains, making the crystal structure and double helix structure of amylopectin crystal region more orderly, which might lead to changes in the pasting properties and digestibility. It was possible to evaluate the effectiveness of low‐substituted acylated APS.
Improving chitosan properties through ionic and chemical cross‐linking and their impact on emulsified systems
Authors: Gonçalves Ana Carolina R. , Duarte Larissa G. R. , Fiocco Ana Clara T. R. , Alencar William M. P. , Iacuzio Raiza , Silva Nathália C. C. , Picone Carolina S. F.
Published: June 2023

Chitosan (CS) nanoparticles were formed by two different methodologies: ionic (with sodium tripolyphosphate ‐TPP) and chemical (with genipin ‐GN) cross‐linking. CS–TPP and CS–GN nanoparticles showed positive zeta potential (+46.24 and +62.86 mV, respectively) and sizes ranging from 83.70 to 835.91 nm, respectively. Ionic cross‐linking (with TPP) resulted in particles smaller than those formed by chemical cross‐linking (with GN). The in vitro antibacterial activity revealed an efficient inhibitory effect, especially regarding CS–TPP. In situ, antibacterial and antioxidant studies were carried out on O/W emulsions. The mesophilic and psychrotrophic counts, peroxide value and quantification of conjugated dienes and trienes during time revealed that nanoparticles tend to improve the microbiological and oxidative stability of emulsions. These findings underline the direct relationship between the reduction of particle size and the increase in biopolymer functional properties and expand the possibilities of CS application as a natural preservative of emulsified systems.
Novel high‐quality takeaway Neapolitan pizza from unused dough balls: hedonic and textural properties, and carbon footprinting assessment
Authors: Falciano Aniello , Puleo Sharon , Colonna Francesca , Moresi Mauro , Di Monaco Rossella , Masi Paolo
Published: June 2023

During home pizza delivery in cardboard boxes uncontrolled heat and mass transfer processes occur. This work aimed to evaluate how the textural and sensory properties change from the moment the pizza is taken out of the oven and the moment of its consumption at home. Such properties were also assessed for a novel takeaway pizza service involving pizza baking, freezing, packing, delivery and reheating at home to save leavened dough balls unused at the end of everyday working activity. Panellists preferred freshly baked pizza, but frozen pizza was more preferred over all pizzas kept in cardboard boxes for 10–30 min. The cradle‐to‐grave carbon footprint and cost of frozen pizza were finally assessed to show how such a food product, that would have been wasted, might be profitably converted into a high‐quality alternative takeaway pizza service.
Comparison of immersion freezing, osmo‐dehydrofreezing and air freezing on freezing parameters and physicochemical properties of mango (Mangifera indica L.)
Authors: Li Jing‐Wei , Zhao Jin‐Hong , Dong Xiao‐Qian , Xiao Hong‐Wei , Zhang Sai , Peng Yi‐Jiao
Published: June 2023

Effects of immersion freezing (IF), osmo‐dehydrofreezing (ODF) and air freezing (AF) on freezing parameters and physicochemical properties of frozen mango were studied. Results showed that IF had the shortest freezing time, followed by ODF and AF. In ODF groups, dehydrofreezing in 50% glucose (G‐50) showed the highest quality. Mangoes pre‐treated in glucose had higher quality than those pre‐treated in trehalose. The quality of osmo‐dehydrofrozen mangoes was more affected by freezing rate than by difference between freezing temperature and the glass transition temperature (T−). Compared with the AF, IF in 60% ethylene glycol (EG‐60) and ODF in G‐50 significantly improved the quality of mangoes, including colour change and drip loss reduced by 43.7%, 28.6%, 41.4% and 19.6%, hardness increased by 540.7% and 413.6%, and contents of vitamin C and total phenol increased by 30.7%, 24.3%, 18.3% and 6.4%, respectively. Overall, IF in EG‐60 was the most favourable method for frozen mangoes.
Effects of incorporation of sophorolipids on the texture profile, microbiological quality and oxidative stability of chicken sausages
Authors: Kaiser Tania Regina , Agonilha Danilo Borba , de Araújo Rocha Renata , Hergesel Mariana , Baldo Cristiani , Coelho Alexandre Rodrigo , Pedrão Mayka Reghiany , Colabone Celligoi Maria Antonia P.
Published: June 2023

Sophorolipids present antimicrobial and antioxidant activities allowing their application in meat products such as sausages. In this study, formulations of chicken sausages were developed with 0.008%–0.06% sophorolipid supplementation. Microbiological analyses showed that sophorolipids induced a significant reduction in Clostridium perfringens contamination and decreased lipid oxidation rates compared with control samples (sausages with curing salts). The formulation with 0.06% sophorolipids showed a significant difference in strength, hardness, adhesiveness, gumminess and chewiness compared with the control formulation. The sausages with sophorolipids presented a less porous mass with fewer cracks, improving the structure of the sausages. Thus, the use of sophorolipids improved the microbiological, antioxidant and physicochemical properties of chicken sausages, being an innovative alternative to replace usual preservatives.
A comparison of blueberry polyphenols bioaccessibility in whey and pea proteins complexes and the impact of protein conformational changes on it
Authors: Ahmadi Latifeh , Dent Terrence , Maleky Farnaz
Published: June 2023

This study investigated the effects of pea and whey proteins on the bio‐accessibility and antioxidant activity of blueberry polyphenolic compounds during digestion using an in vitro gastrointestinal model (TIM‐1). The research objective was understanding how different protein sources affect blueberry polyphenols' bio‐accessibility and antioxidant activity. The study found that pea proteins resulted in higher bio‐accessibility and anthocyanin content compared to whey proteins. Additionally, interactions between blueberry polyphenols and proteins decreased the antioxidant activity. However, forming a non‐covalent and reversible complex between pea proteins and blueberry polyphenols may improve polyphenol stability and bio‐accessibility during digestion. The novel aspects of this research provide valuable insights into the effects of protein sources on the bio‐accessibility and antioxidant activity of blueberry polyphenols and may have important implications for developing functional foods and dietary supplements. The most important impact of the research is that pea proteins resulted in higher bio‐accessibility and anthocyanin content compared to whey proteins, which suggests that pea proteins may be a better protein source for combining with blueberries to maximise their health benefits. Additionally, forming a non‐covalent and reversible complex between pea proteins and blueberry polyphenols may improve polyphenol stability and bio‐accessibility during digestion, which has implications for the food industry in developing new products.
The Difference Jesus Makes: Yuval Noah Harari and Wolfhart Pannenberg on the Shape of Universal History
Authors: Kramer E. J. David
Published: June 2023

The Christian confession of who Jesus is must be made in the contested space of conflicting accounts of history. This article compares the shape of universal history set out by Yuval Noah Harari with that of Wolfhart Pannenberg by sketching their accounts of human beginnings, the middle of history, and their view to the future. Harari's secular account can be summarized as the rise and fall of homo sapiens, as historical developments lead to techno‐humanism and dataism. Jesus Christ holds no significant place in this narrative. Pannenberg's theological interpretation of history sees it originating in God's self‐giving love, climaxing in the Son's revelation, and leading to a new creation. This comparison leads to five propositions on how Christians may speak of who Jesus Christ is today.
Electroacupuncture promotes skin wound repair by improving lipid metabolism and inhibiting ferroptosis
Authors: Du Weibin , Wang Zhenwei , Dong Yi , Hu Huahui , Zhou Huateng , He Xiaofen , Hu Jintao , Li Yong
Published: June 2023

Lipid metabolism plays an important role in the repair of skin wounds. Studies have shown that acupuncture is very effective in skin wound repair. However, there is little knowledge about the mechanism of electroacupuncture. Thirty‐six SD rats were divided into three groups: sham‐operated group, model group and electroacupuncture group, with 12 rats in each group. After the intervention, local skin tissues were collected for lipid metabolomics analysis, wound perfusion and ferroptosis‐related indexes were detected and finally the effect of electroacupuncture on skin wound repair was comprehensively evaluated by combining wound healing rate and histology. Lipid metabolomics analysis revealed 37 differential metabolites shared by the three groups, mainly phospholipids, lysophospholipids, glycerides, acylcarnitine, sphingolipids and fatty acids, and they could be back‐regulated after electroacupuncture. The recovery of blood perfusion and wound healing was faster in the electroacupuncture group than in the model group (p < 0.05). The levels of GPX4, FTH1, SOD and GSH‐PX, which are related to ferroptosis, were higher in the electroacupuncture group than in the model group (p < 0.05). The levels of ACSL4 and MDA were lower in the electroacupuncture group than in the model group (p < 0.05). Electroacupuncture may promote skin wound repair by improving lipid metabolism and inhibiting ferroptosis in local tissues.
A new approach to stress of conscience's dimensionality: Hindrance and violation stressors and their role in experiencing burnout and turnover intentions in healthcare
Authors: Herttalampi Mari , Feldt Taru
Published: June 2023

Aims

To identify a valid, longitudinally invariant factor model for stress of conscience and to investigate how stress of conscience dimensions associate with burnout and turnover intentions.

Background

There has been a lack of consensus about the number and content of stress of conscience dimensions, and a lack of longitudinal studies on its development and outcomes.

Design

A longitudinal, person‐centred survey study using the STROBE checklist.

Methods

Healthcare personnel (n = 306) rated their stress of conscience in 2019 and 2021. Longitudinal latent profile analysis was used to identify different subgroups based on the employees' experiences. These subgroups were then compared in terms of burnout and organisational/professional turnover.

Results

Five subgroups were identified, where participants experienced: (1) hindrance‐related stress (14%), (2) violation‐related stress (2%), (3) both stress dimensions increasing over time (13%), (4) both high yet decreasing over time (7%), and (5) stable levels of low stress (64%). When both hindrance‐ and violated‐related stress were high, it was a significant risk for burnout and turnover. Shortened, 6‐item, two‐dimensional scale for stress of conscience was found to be reliable, valid, and longitudinally invariant.

Conclusion

On its own, hindrance‐related stress (e.g. lowering one's aspirations for high‐quality work) is less detrimental to well‐being than when it is combined with violation‐related stress (e.g. being forced to do something that feels wrong).

Implications for the Profession Patient Care

To prevent burnout and staff turnover in healthcare, different risk factors for stress of conscience need to be identified and addressed.

Public Contribution

Data were collected among public sector healthcare workers.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

If healthcare workers are forced to ignore their personal values at work, it poses a significant risk for their well‐being and retention.
Injuries and skin condition ofIndo‐Pacifichumpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) in the northern South China Sea
Authors: Serres Agathe , Lin Wenzhi , Liu Binshuai , Lin Mingli , Liu Mingming , Li Songhai
Published: June 2023

Indo‐Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) inhabiting the Chinese coastline of the northern South China Sea are subject to intense human activity. To investigate potential impacts to dolphins, photographs taken from 2010 to 2021 in five different locations were analyzed. Among individual dolphins (N = 1,159), 10.6% presented human‐induced injuries. Adults were more frequently injured than young dolphins, and individuals from around Jiangmen, Hainan, and Sanniang Bay presented the highest injury prevalence. More research should be conducted in areas that have been subject to less research, such as Jiangmen and Hainan, and the dolphin watching activities occurring in Sanniang Bay should be monitored and regulated. Forty‐seven percent of dolphins presented skin conditions, with orange patches being the most frequent (41.5%). Orange patches and hyper‐pigmented pink spots were significantly less prevalent in summer and fall than in winter and spring. Orange patches were less frequent in females than in males, as well as with calves relative to older age classes. Seasonal patterns may be linked to water temperatures, while demographic patterns may be associated with immune defenses. These findings allow for a better understanding of the potential impact of human activities on Indo‐Pacific humpback dolphins and should inform further conservation measures.
A nonclassically secreted effector of Magnaporthe oryzae targets host nuclei and plays important roles in fungal growth and plant infection
Authors: Chen Xiaomin , Pan Su , Bai Huimin , Fan Jiaxin , Batool Wajjiha , Shabbir Ammarah , Han Yijuan , Zheng Huakun , Lu Guodong , Lin Lili , Tang Wei , Wang Zonghua
Published: June 2023

Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most destructive diseases and poses a growing threat to food security worldwide. Like many other filamentous pathogens, rice blast fungus releases multiple types of effector proteins to facilitate fungal infection and modulate host defence responses. However, most of the characterized effectors contain an N‐terminal signal peptide. Here, we report the results of the functional characterization of a nonclassically secreted nuclear targeting effector in M. oryzae (MoNte1). MoNte1 has no signal peptide, but can be secreted and translocated into plant nuclei driven by a nuclear targeting peptide. It could also induce hypersensitive cell death when transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. Deletion of the MoNTE1 gene caused a significant reduction of fungal growth and conidiogenesis, partially impaired appressorium formation and host colonization, and also dramatically attenuated the pathogenicity. Taken together, these findings reveal a novel effector secretion pathway and deepen our understanding of rice–M. oryzae interactions.
Phosphate deprivation‐induced changes in tomato are mediated by an interaction between brassinosteroid signaling and zinc
Authors: Demirer Gozde S. , Gibson Donald J. , Yue Xiaoyan , Pan Kelly , Elishav Eshel , Khandal Hitaishi , Horev Guy , Tarkowská Danuše , Cantó‐Pastor Alex , Kong Shuyao , Manzano Concepcion , Maloof Julin N. , Savaldi‐Goldstein Sigal , Brady Siobhan M.
Published: June 2023

Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is a necessary macronutrient for basic biological processes. Plants modulate their root system architecture (RSA) and cellular processes to adapt to Pi deprivation albeit with a growth penalty. Excess application of Pi fertilizer, on the contrary, leads to eutrophication and has a negative environmental impact.

We compared RSA, root hair elongation, acid phosphatase activity, metal ion accumulation, and brassinosteroid hormone levels of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) and Solanum pennellii, which is a wild relative of tomato, under Pi sufficiency and deficiency conditions to understand the molecular mechanism of Pi deprivation response in tomato.

We showed that S. pennellii is partially insensitive to phosphate deprivation. Furthermore, it mounts a constitutive response under phosphate sufficiency. We demonstrate that activated brassinosteroid signaling through a tomato BZR1 ortholog gives rise to the same constitutive phosphate deficiency response, which is dependent on zinc overaccumulation.

Collectively, these results reveal an additional strategy by which plants can adapt to phosphate starvation.
Care in nursing as a contested concept? A Bergsonian perspective
Authors: Robinson Keith
Published: June 2023

The concept of care has occupied a central place in nursing philosophy and scholarship since the modern formation of the profession. Perhaps the defining character of the scholarship has been the recognition not only of the complexity of the concept of care, its elusiveness and ambiguity, but also the lack of consensus or agreement regarding its meaning and value. I will make two interconnected arguments: first, I will argue that disputes around care are not an accidental feature or an unfortunate condition of its applicability. Rather, care is an example of what I will call, following W.B. Gallie (1956), an “essentially contested” concept. Secondly, I will employ insights from the French philosopher Henri Bergson (1859‐1941) to explore the concept of care and argue that the essentially contested processual nature of care is the source of its meaning and value.
Response predictor for pigment reduction after one session of photo‐based therapy using convolutional neural network: A proof of concept study
Authors: Yang Ting‐Ting , Ma Ching‐Wen , Jhou Jyun‐Wei , Chen Yu‐Ting , Lan Cheng‐Che E.
Published: June 2023

Background

Identifying treatment responders after a single session of photo‐based procedure for hyperpigmentary disorders may be difficult.

Objectives

We aim to train a convolutional neural network (CNN) to test the hypothesis that there exist discernible features in pretreatment photographs for identifying favorable responses after photo‐based treatments for facial hyperpigmentation and develop a clinically applicable algorithm to predict treatment outcome.

Methods

Two hundred and sixty‐four sets of pretreatment photographs of subjects receiving photo‐based treatment for esthetic enhancement were obtained using the VISIA® skin analysis system. Preprocessing was done by masking the facial features of the photographs. Each set of photographs consists of five types of images. Five independently trained CNNs based on the Resnet50 backbone were developed based on these images and the results of these CNNs were combined to obtain the final result.

Results

The developed CNN algorithm has a prediction accuracy approaching 78.5% with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve being 0.839.

Conclusion

The treatment efficacy of photo‐based therapies on facial skin pigmentation can be predicted based on pretreatment images.
Expressing and receiving negative emotions: Comments on Myisha Cherry's The Case for Rage
Authors: Bommarito Nicolas
Published: June 2023

Responding to Myisha Cherry's The Case for Rage, I discuss how the book touches on the difficulties of disentangling emotions and their expressions. Then I suggest two ways in which destructive rage might be good, one on Kantian grounds and another via extension from experience. Finally, I raise the issue of whether there might be other Lordean emotions.
The Need to Study Political Psychology in Malaysia
Authors: Mohamad Khairul ‘Azmi , Othman Nooraini
Published: June 2023

This paper aims to describe political psychology and its significance in the context of Malaysian politics. Political studies in Malaysia primarily rely on political science, political sociology, and socio-political analysis. However, it is crucial to examine the political environment and issues in Malaysia from a psychological perspective. Political psychology provides insights into the thinking and behaviour of political leaders and enables an understanding of voters' behaviour. This interdisciplinary approach enriches our comprehension of politics from diverse angles. In the Malaysian context, studying political psychology will enhance our understanding of numerous variables related to political practices. The interaction between politics and psychology, particularly the impact of psychology on politics, is an intriguing subject to explore. A deeper comprehension of political psychology in Malaysia will enable leaders to better appreciate the aspirations of the people and work towards fulfilling their needs. The study of political psychology should aim to uncover the thought processes of political actors and voters alike.