bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unbiased proteomic analysis of extracellular vesicles secreted by senescent human vascular smooth muscle cells reveals their ability to modulate immune cell functions
Authors: Głuchowska Agata , Cysewski Dominik , Baj-Krzyworzeka Monika , Szatanek Rafał , Węglarczyk Kazimierz , Podszywałow-Bartnicka Paulina , Sunderland Piotr , Kozłowska Ewa , Śliwińska Małgorzata A. , Dąbrowski Michał , Sikora Ewa , Mosieniak Grażyna
Published: July 2022

Atherosclerosis, a common age-related disease, is characterized by intense immunological activity. Atherosclerotic plaque is composed of endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), lipids and immune cells infiltrating from the blood. During progression of the disease, VSMCs undergo senescence within the plaque and secrete SASP (senescence-associated secretory phenotype) factors that can actively modulate plaque microenvironment. We demonstrated that senescent VSMCs secrete increased number of extracellular vesicles (senEVs). Based on unbiased proteomic analysis of VMSC-derived EVs and of the soluble fraction of SASP (sSASP), more than 900 proteins were identified in each of SASP compartments. Comparison of the composition of VMSC-derived EVs with the SASP atlas revealed several proteins, including Serpin Family F Member 1 (SERPINF1) and Thrombospondin 1 (THBS1), as commonly upregulated components of EVs secreted by senescent VSMCs and fibroblasts. Among soluble SASP factors, only Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) was universally increased in the secretome of senescent VSMCs, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells. Bioinformatics analysis of EV proteins distinguished functionally organized protein networks involved in immune cell function regulation. Accordingly, EVs released by senescent VSMCs induced secretion of IL-17, INFγ, and IL-10 by T cells and of TNFα produced by monocytes. Moreover senEVs influenced differentiation of monocytes favoring mix M1/M2 polarization with proinflammatory characteristics. Altogether, our studies provide a complex, unbiased analysis of VSMC SASP and prove that EVs derived from senescent VSMCs influence the cytokine milieu by modulating immune cell activity. Our results strengthen the role of senescent cells as an important inducer of inflammation in atherosclerosis.
Virtual Reality to Support Inpatient Addiction Treatment: Patients Are Ready, What About Therapists? A Feasibility Study
Authors: Arissen Clemence , van der Helm Laura , Dijkstra Boukje , Markus Wiebren
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to identify facilitators and barriers for implementation of virtual reality therapy (VRT), used to train communication and problem-solving skills aiding relapse prevention, when integrated with addiction treatment (Treatment as Usual; TAU). Mixed methods were used in an observational, partly prospective, design. A total of 21 therapists and 113 patients from three inpatient addiction clinics were assessed. Therapists filled in questionnaires to gauge expectancies and experiences regarding facilitators and barriers at baseline, after a try-out period, halfway, and at the end of the pilot lasting 6–12 months. They also participated in focus-group interviews. Patients filled in similar questionnaires before an initial, and after they finished a third, VRT session. In addition, nine patients were interviewed. All VRT sessions were logged, with patients answering additional questions. Acceptability of VRT was high in both groups. It was feasible to integrate VRT with TAU and integration showed potential effectiveness. Barriers included incidental motion sickness, technical difficulties, costs, and device setup time. Both therapists and patients advocated VRT use to augment addiction treatment. Findings suggest a clinical effectiveness study is warranted.
Effects of Difficulty in Handling Emotions and Social Interactions on Nomophobia: Examining the Mediating Role of Feelings of Loneliness
Authors: Valenti Giusy D. , Bottaro Rossella , Faraci Palmira
Published: July 2022

This study was addressed to assess nomophobia in an Italian sample (N = 456, 53.1% men, Mage = 31.8, SD = 11.1), also providing a deeper knowledge about how it is distributed across demographics, as well as identifying its best predictors. The main goal was to investigate the direct and indirect effects of difficulty in emotion regulation and social interaction anxiety on nomophobia through loneliness. Our findings indicated that loneliness explained the effect of the expressive suppression strategy (fully) and social interaction anxiety (partially) on nomophobia, whereas it was not a significant mediator when the cognitive reappraisal strategy was taken into account. Our study suggests that loneliness during the pandemic plays a crucial role in explaining the associations between the investigated predictors and the outcome variable, offering a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms of this emerging construct. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed, and shortcomings and suggestions for future works are presented.
A tale of two stations: a note on rejecting the Gumbel distribution
Authors: Rydén Jesper
Published: July 2022

The existence of an upper limit for extremes of quantities in the earth sciences, e.g. for river discharge or wind speed, is sometimes suggested. Estimated parameters in extreme-value distributions can assist in interpreting the behaviour of the system. Using simulation, this study investigated how sample size influences the results of statistical tests and related interpretations. Commonly used estimation techniques (maximum likelihood and probability-weighted moments) were employed in a case study; the results were applied in judging time series of annual maximum river flow from two stations on the same river, but with different lengths of observation records. The results revealed that sample size is crucial for determining the existence of an upper bound.
Brain Prehabilitation for Oncologic Surgery
Authors: Daksla Neil , Nguyen Victoria , Jin Zhaosheng , Bergese Sergio D.
Published: July 2022

Purpose of Review

This review aims to summarize the current research on postoperative cognitive complications, such as delirium and cognitive dysfunction. This includes discussion on preoperative preventive strategies, such as physical and nutritional prehabilitation as well as up-to-date information on neuroprehabilitation.

Recent Findings

Current recommendations for prevention of postoperative delirium have focused on multicomponent interventions. The optimal composition of surgical prehabilitation programs targeting exercise and nutrition has not yet been established. The Neurobics Trial shows that cognitive prehabilitation improves cognitive reserve and may be a useful addition to multimodal surgical prehabilitation.

Perioperative management of oncologic patients is often associated with a myriad of challenges, such as the management of tumor-related pathologies, adverse events from neoadjuvant therapy, and chronic metabolic and immunological changes associated with malignancy. In addition, oncologic patients are at increased risk of developing frailty, which adversely affects postoperative recovery and further cancer treatment. As a result, oncologic patients are at considerable risk of developing postoperative cognitive complications, such as delirium and cognitive dysfunction. In this review, we discuss the effect of prehabilitation on postoperative cognitive outcomes.
Understanding manufacturing repurposing: a multiple-case study of ad hoc healthcare product production during COVID-19
Authors: Ho Wan Ri , Maghazei Omid , Netland Torbjørn H.
Published: July 2022

The repurposing of manufacturing facilities has provided a solution to the surge in demand for healthcare products during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite being a widespread and important phenomenon, manufacturing repurposing has received scarce research. This paper develops a grounded understanding of the key factors that influence manufacturing repurposing at the macro and micro levels. We collected rich qualitative data from 45 case studies of firms’ repurposing initiatives during COVID-19. Our study focuses on four types of healthcare products that experienced skyrocketing demand during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic: face shields, facemasks, hand sanitizers, and medical ventilators. Based on the case studies, we identify and generalize driving factors for manufacturing repurposing and their relationships, which are summarized in causal loop diagrams at both macro and micro levels. Our research provides practitioners, policymakers, and scholars with a conceptual understanding of the phenomenon of manufacturing repurposing. It helps manufacturing managers understand why, when, and how they should engage in manufacturing repurposing and informs policymakers when and how to tailor incentive policies and support schemes to changing situations. Scholars can build on our work to develop and test dynamic system–behavior models of the phenomenon or to pursue other research paths we discover. The world stands to benefit from improved manufacturing repurposing capabilities to be better prepared for future disruptions.
18F-Choline PET/CT or PET/MR and the evaluation of response to systemic therapy in prostate cancer: are we ready?
Authors: Urso Luca , Lancia Federica , Ortolan Naima , Frapoli Marta , Rauso Martina , Artioli Paolo , Cittanti Corrado , Uccelli Licia , Frassoldati Antonio , Evangelista Laura , Bartolomei Mirco
Published: July 2022

Purpose

During the last decade, [18F]F-choline positron emission tomography (PET) had a rising role in prostate cancer (PCa) imaging. However, despite auspicious premises, [18F]F-choline PET is not currently recommended for the evaluation of response to therapy assessment in PCa, mainly due to the lack of large-scale prospective trials.

Methods

We report the cases of seven patients affected by PCa, in which [18F]F-choline PET (either with computed tomography—CT or magnetic resonance imaging—MR) contributed significantly in the systemic therapy response evaluation.

Results and conclusion

[18F]F-choline PET/CT or PET/MR demonstrated to be a useful imaging modality in the assessment of response to systemic therapy in metastatic PCa patients, irrespective of the stage of disease (either in hormone sensitive and in castrate resistant condition) and the kind of systemic treatment. In most cases, PSA serum values and [18F]F-choline PET showed a synchronous disease evolution after systemic therapy. ADT can alter [18F]F-choline uptake, therefore the time of scan should be correctly planned. Finally, PET/CT with [18F]F-choline is a useful tool for reinforcing the identification of metastatic disease in case of a switch from metastatic castration sensitive to castration resistant PCa.
Radiofrequency echographic multispectrometry (REMS): an innovative technique for the assessment of bone status in young women with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Caffarelli Carla , Al Refaie Antonella , De Vita Michela , Tomai Pitinca Maria Dea , Goracci Arianna , Fagiolini Andrea , Gonnelli Stefano
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and increase risk of fragility fracture are common complication of anorexia nervosa (AN). BMD by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) present several limits in subjects with AN. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of the new Radiofrequency echographic multispectrometry (REMS) technique in the assessment of bone status in young women with AN.

Methods

In a cohort of 50 subjects with restrictive AN and in 30 healthy controls, we measured BMD at the lumbar spine (LS-BMD), at femoral neck (FN-BMD) and total hip (TH-BMD) using both DXA and REMS technique.

Results

BMD evaluated by DXA and REMS technique at all measurement sites were all significantly (p < 0.01) lower in subjects suffering from AN subjects than in controls. Good correlations were detected between BMD by DXA and BMD by REMS measurements at LS (r = 0.64, p < 0.01) at FN (r = 0.86, p < 0.01) and at TH (r = 0.84, p < 0.01) in subjects suffering from AN. Moreover, Bland–Altman analysis confirmed the good agreement between the two techniques. The subjects suffering from AN with previous vertebral fragility fractures presented lower values of both BMD-LS and BMD-TH by DXA and by REMS with respect to those without fractures; however, the difference was significant only for BMD-TH by REMS (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Our data suggest that REMS technique due to its characteristic of precision and reproducibility may represent an important tool for the evaluation of the changes in bone status in AN young women, especially during the fertile age and in case of pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Level of evidence

Level of evidence: level III cohort study.
Spanish validation of the Modified Weight Bias Internalization Scale (WBIS-M) for adolescents
Authors: Andrés Ana , Fornieles-Deu Albert , Sepúlveda Ana Rosa , Beltrán-Garrayo Lucía , Montcada-Ribera Albert , Bach-Faig Anna , Sánchez-Carracedo David
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Weight Bias Internalization (WBI) is pervasive and potentially damaging for health. Little is known about WBI in youth. As negative effects of WBI have been observed when controlling for BMI, measures that allow WBI to be assessed across different weight categories are needed. The Modified Weight Bias Internalization Scale (WBIS-M) is one of the most frequently used scales in this field. Our purpose was to obtain a Spanish validated version of the WBIS-M for adolescents across different weight statuses.

Methods

The data were collected from 298 secondary students (mean age 14.31; 48.32% girls; 18.8% were overweight and 6.4% had obesity). Internal structure was examined by a cross-validation analysis, using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses in different subsamples.

Results

Item 1 showed a psychometric anomalous functioning and was deleted. The one-factor structure of the 10-item version was confirmed with adequate fit ([EFA (KMO = 0.915, χ2(55) = 1075.633, p < 0.0001)]; [CFA (χ2(35) = 200.515; GFI = 0.995; PGFI = 0.992; NFI = 0.991; SRMR = 0.060)]). Internal consistency was high $$(\alpha =0.93;$$

(
α
=
0.93
;

ω = 0.93). Significant correlations with the same set of external variables assessed in the original version (anti-fat bias, self-esteem, mood, body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness, binge eating), all of them correlates of WBI in adolescents, were found. Girls and participants with obesity obtained higher scores.

Conclusion

The results provide support for the validity and reliability of our WBIS-M version for use with adolescents across weight categories in Spain.

Level of evidence

Level III, evidence obtained from well-designed cohort studies.
Revisiting an Analysis of Threats to Internal Validity in Multiple Baseline Designs
Authors: Slocum Timothy A. , Joslyn P. Raymond , Nichols Beverly , Pinkelman Sarah E.
Published: July 2022

In our previous article on threats to internal validity of multiple baseline design variations (Slocum et al., 2022), we argued that nonconcurrent multiple baseline designs (NCMB) are capable of rigorously demonstrating experimental control and should be considered equivalent to concurrent multiple baselines (CMB) in terms of internal validity. We were fortunate to receive five excellent commentaries on our article from experts in single-subject research design—four of whom endorsed the conclusion that NCMBs should be considered strong experimental designs capable of demonstrating experimental control. In the current article, we address the most salient points made in the five commentaries by further elaborating and clarifying the logic described in our original article. We address arguments related to classic threats including maturation, testing and session experience, and coincidental events (history). We rebut the notion that although NCMBs are strong, CMBs provide an increment of additional control and discuss the application of probability-based analysis of the likelihood of threats to internal validity. We conclude by emphasizing our agreement with many of the commentaries that selection of single-case experimental designs should be based on the myriad subtleties of research priorities and contextual factors rather than on a decontextualized hierarchy of designs.
Influence of Different Heat Treatment Temperatures on the Microstructure and Corrosion Behaviour of Dual-Phase EN8 Steel in 0.5 M Sulphuric Acid Solution
Authors: Prabhu Deepa , Jomy Jilna , Prabhu P. R.
Published: July 2022

Dual-phase steels provide an excellent combination of strength and ductility, as well as improved energy absorption and anti-corrosion protection properties. This research aims at evaluating the microstructure and corrosion behaviour of EN8 steel under different heat treatment temperatures in 0.5 M sulphuric acid solution (H2SO4) using the EIS, potentiodynamic polarization, and gravimetric method (weight-loss method). Austenitizing is performed at 973 K, 1023 K, 1063 K, and 1173 K for 2 h followed by quenching in water to form a ferrite–martensite (F–M) dual-phase structure. From the results, it is seen that the corrosion rate increased with different heat treatment conditions depending on the change in the phase when immersed in 0.5 M H2SO4 at the temperature of 303 K, 313 K, 323 K, and 333 K. This work investigates the energy of activation, enthalpy, and entropy of activation. For dual-phase steel containing ferrite and martensite, the corrosion behaviour depends on the amount of martensite and ferrite. As the austenitization temperature increases from 1023 to 1173 K, the amount of martensite increases. This is reflected in the increase of micro galvanic corrosion cells in the region between the ferrite and martensite phases, which acts as active corrosion centres. The normalized specimen showed greater corrosion resistance compared to the water-quenched specimen at 1173 K. This is due to the presence of lower carbon content for normalized dual-phase steel containing ferrite–pearlite phase than the ferrite–martensite phase present in specimen austenitized at 1173 K. Surface characterization and XRD confirmed the corrosion behaviour of the specimens under investigation.
It Takes a Village: Partnerships in Primary School Relationships and Sexuality Education in Aotearoa
Authors: Dixon Rachael , Clelland Tracy , Blair Megan
Published: July 2022

The implementation of relationships and sexuality education as part of Health and Physical Education in The New Zealand Curriculum (Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education. (2007). The New Zealand Curriculum. Learning Media Limited.) involves a range of people sharing their perspectives in order to shape the subject on paper and in practice. This paper presents the findings of a qualitative collective case study in three primary schools in Aotearoa. Experimenting with Appreciative Inquiry, we found that connections and conversations between a wide variety of people and organisations have a critical role to play in relation to planning and teaching relationships and sexuality education in schools: (i) Schools and teachers working in partnership with colleagues within and across schools, (ii) connections with whānau and relationships with learners, and (iii) access to wider supports and services. Our findings suggest that having conversations and establishing and maintaining productive partnerships between a variety of people are critical if relationships and sexuality education is to live up to its potential and meet learners’ needs.
Analysis of FDA's Accelerated Approval Program Performance December 1992–December 2021
Authors: Beakes-Read Ginny , Neisser Madison , Frey Patrick , Guarducci Mara
Published: July 2022

The accelerated approval pathway has been criticized recently for employing lower regulatory standards than traditional drug approval, undue delays in withdrawing approvals of drugs for which studies have not confirmed clinical benefit, and confirmatory trials not being pursued with due diligence. This article examines the status of confirmatory studies of drugs approved under the US Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA’s) accelerated approval program between December 1992 and December 2021. It includes background on the program and provides broader context about the program’s performance to date over its 30-year history. Our analysis demonstrates that the accelerated approval program has been largely successful, with half of accelerated approvals converted to traditional approval in a median time of 3.2 years. Furthermore, recent FDA actions show that the agency is appropriately managing the program when a drug approved under accelerated approval fails to confirm a clinical benefit. Any proposed changes to the program should be based on cumulative experience with the program, rather than outliers.
Theoretical evaluation of stack-based thermoacoustic refrigerators
Authors: Prashantha B. G. , Narasimham G. S. V. L. , Seetharamu S. , Hemadri Vinayak B.
Published: July 2022

Standing wave thermoacoustic refrigerator uses stack, is the heart of the thermoacoustic cooling system. The porous stack in the resonator tube develops temperature difference across the stack for heat pumping upon loudspeaker sound interaction of oscillating gas. In this paper, the optimization of stack-heat exchangers system and resonator is discussed using linear thermoacoustic theory for better COP and cooling power of refrigerator. The loudspeaker is assumed to provide the required acoustic power with the back volume gas spring system. Helium and air are chosen because of their better thermophysical properties and cost, compared to other competent gases. The 200 mm diameter stack is optimized for the temperature difference of 28 K. The theoretical results of the optimized refrigerator models are compared with the DeltaEC simulation results for deriving conclusions. DeltaEC predicts the cooling power and COP of 349 W at 0.998 for helium, and 139 W at 1.133 for air, respectively.
The Emerging Economies under the Dome of the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Authors: Esposito Mark , Kapoor Amit
Published: July 2022

The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) is reshaping the globe at a rate far quicker than earlier revolutions. It is also having a greater influence on society and industry. We are currently witnessing extraordinary technology such as self-driving cars and 3D printing, as well as robots that can follow exact instructions. And hitherto unconnected sectors are combining to achieve unfathomable effects. It is critical to comprehend this new era of technology since it will significantly alter life during the next several years in this age of technological advancement. In particular, one of the most significant findings is that 4IR technologies must be used responsibly and to benefit people, companies and countries as a whole; as a result, the development of artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, blockchain, and robotics systems will be advanced most effectively by grouping a multidisciplinary team from areas such as computer science, education and social sciences.
Virtue in Global Governance
Authors: Klabbers Jan
Published: July 2022

Since rules - legal, ethical or otherwise - cannot determine their own application, they require persons of flesh and blood to interpret and apply them in concrete cases. Presidents and prime ministers, judges, prosecutors, mediators, leaders of international organizations, and even religious leaders and public intellectuals make decisions on how best to understand rules and how best to apply them. It stands to reason that their character traits influence the sort of decisions they take. This book provides the first systematic framework for discussing global governance in terms of the virtues, and illustrates it with a number of detailed examples of concrete decision-making in specific situations. Virtue in Global Governance combines insights from law, ethics, and global governance studies in developing a unique approach to global governance and international law.
Using network analysis to improve understanding and utility of the 10-item Autism-Spectrum Quotient
Authors: Waldren Lucy H. , Livingston Lucy A. , Leung Florence Y. N. , Shah Punit
Published: July 2022

The 10-item Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ10) is a measure of autistic traits used in research and clinical practice. Recently, the AQ10 has garnered critical attention, with research questioning its psychometric properties and clinical cutoff value. To help inform the utility of the measure, we conducted the first network analysis of the AQ10, with a view to gain a better understanding of its individual items. Using a large dataset of 6,595 participants who had completed the AQ10, we found strongest inter-subscale connections between communication, imagination, and socially relevant items. The nodes with greatest centrality concerned theory of mind differences. Together, these findings align with cognitive explanations of autism and provide clues about which AQ10 items show greatest utility for informing autism-related clinical practice.
Mobilizing digital technology to implement a population-based psychological support response during the COVID-19 pandemic in Lima, Peru
Authors: Santa-Cruz Janeth , Moran Leydi , Tovar Marco , Peinado Jesus , Cutipe Yuri , Ramos Lourdes , Astupillo Aldo , Rosler Melanie , Raviola Giuseppe , Lecca Leonid , Smith Stephanie L. , Contreras Carmen
Published: July 2022

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic caused considerable burden on mental health worldwide. To address this emergency in Peru, Socios en Salud (SES) implemented an innovative digital system for the diagnosis and psychological therapy in vulnerable populations. We describe the development, implementation, and participant outcomes of this intervention.

Methods

We conducted an intervention in a general population of Lima, Peru using a digital tool, ChatBot-Juntos, incorporating the abbreviated Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) to screen psychological distress. Participants positive for psychological distress received remote Psychological First Aid (PFA) and grief therapy if needed. Participants with a mental health condition or safety concern were referred to mental health services. SRQ scores were collected 3 months after PFA sessions. Differences between screening and follow-up scores were compared using Wilcoxon sign-rank test.

Results

In total, 2027 people were screened; 1581 (77.9%) screened positive for psychological distress. Nine hundred ninety-seven (63%) people with psychological distress received PFA, and 320 (32.1%) of those were also referred for mental health care. At 3 months after follow-up, SRQ scores were collected for 579 (58%) participants. Significant reduction in SRQ scores was observed 3 months after PFA [median SRQ score changed from 9 to 5 (p < 0.001)], and after PFA plus referral to mental health services [median SRQ score changed from 11 to 6 (p < 0.001)].

Conclusion

Digital technology can be used to screen for psychological distress and deliver mental health support for populations affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. More research is needed to determine whether technology contributes to improved mental health outcomes.
Natural frequency discontinuity of vertical liquid sheet flows at transcritical threshold
Authors: Chiatto Matteo , Della Pia Alessandro
Published: July 2022

The natural and forced dynamic response of a gravitational plane liquid sheet (curtain) of finite length interacting with an unconfined gaseous ambient is numerically and experimentally investigated. The global eigenvalue spectrum obtained by means of a linear inviscid one-dimensional model, accounting for the coupling between the curtain motion and the ambient pressure disturbances, clearly shows an abrupt increase (jump) in the characteristic natural frequency of the flow when the supercritical (

$We>1$

) to subcritical (

$We<1$

) transition occurs, with the Weber number

$We$

defined as the ratio between inertia and capillary forces. On the other hand, the numerical simulation of the forced sheet response does not show any discontinuity between supercritical and subcritical conditions, as recently found by Torsey et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 910, 2021, pp. 1–14) in the case of an infinite liquid sheet subjected to imposed ambient pressure disturbances not coupled with the curtain motion. It is argued that the forced liquid sheet behaviour varies continuously in shape and amplitude between the two regimes, not depending on the specific liquid–gas interaction model considered, whilst the natural frequency of the finite flow system does undergo a discontinuity, which can be theoretically predicted by the model of sheet–ambient interaction employed here. As a major result, the experimental evidence of the natural frequency jump is for the first time provided as well.
Integrating temperature-dependent development and reproduction models for predicting population growth of the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari
Authors: Azrag Abdelmutalab G. A. , Babin Régis
Published: July 2022

The coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), is the most devastating insect pest of coffee worldwide. It feeds on the beans inside the berries leading to significant crop losses and unmarketable products. This study aims to model the impact of temperature on H. hampei fecundity and population growth parameters, as a contribution to the prediction of infestation risk. The fecundity was assessed on fresh coffee beans at six constant temperatures in the range 15–30°C, with RH 80 ± 5% and photoperiod 12:12 L:D. Nonlinear models were fitted to the relationship between fecundity and temperature using the ILCYM software. The best fecundity model was combined to development models obtained for immature stages in a previous study in order to simulate life table parameters at different constant temperatures. Females of H. hampei successfully oviposited in the temperature range 15–30°C, with the highest fecundity observed at 23°C (106.1 offspring per female). Polynomial function 8 model was the best fitted to the relationship between fecundity and temperature. With this model, the highest fecundity was estimated at 23°C, with 110 eggs per female. The simulated net reproductive rate (R0) was maximal at 24°C, with 50.08 daughters per female, while the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was the highest at 26°C, with a value of 0.069. Our results will help understand H. hampei population dynamics and develop an ecologically sound management strategy based on a better assessment of infestation risk.
The Pragmatic Hypothesis Testing Theory of Self-Deception and the Belief/Acceptance Distinction
Authors: Lynch Kevin
Published: July 2022

According to the pragmatic hypothesis testing theory, how much evidence we require before we believe something varies depending on the expected costs of falsely believing and disbelieving it. This theory has been used in the self-deception debate to explain our tendencies towards self-deceptive belief formation. This article argues that the application of this theory in the self-deception debate has overlooked the distinction between belief and acceptance, and that the theory in all likelihood models acceptance rather than belief, in which case it is probably not relevant to the explanation of self-deception. It is suggested, however, that doxastic error costs might be relevant to explaining some types of self-deception, though they feature in an evolutionary explanation of it rather than a psychological one.
Promotion of international humanitarian law through cooperation between the ICRC and the African Union
Authors: Ewumbue-Monono Churchill , von Flüe Carlo
Published: July 2022

Cet article examine la coopération du Comité international de la Croix-Rouge (CICR) avec des organisations diplomatiques africaines telles que l'Union africaine (UA) dans le but de diffuser le droit international humanitaire au sein de la communauté diplomatique africaine. Décrivant les contextes institutionnels et politiques nécessaires à la promotion du droit humanitaire sur le continent africain et à la réussite des efforts en matière de diplomatie humanitaire, l'article donne un aperçu des résultats obtenus lorsque le CICR a coopéré avec l'Organisation de l'unité africaine (OUA) pour diffuser le droit international humanitaire entre 1992 et 2002. Les auteurs étudient également la manière dont le droit international humanitaire a été incorporé dans le processus de transformation de l'OUA en UA entre 1999 et 2002. Ils montrent en outre les difficultés et les possibilités que présentent les efforts déployés par le CICR dans le domaine de la diplomatie humanitaire, et celles d'une éventuelle coopération future avec l'UA et d'autres organisations Internationales en Afrique pour une meilleure mise œuvre du droit humanitaire et la promotion d'une action humanitaire indépendante.
The right of intervention under the African Union's Constitutive Act:
From non-interference to non-intervention
Authors: Kioko Ben
Published: July 2022

Le continent africain a vécu certains des crimes de guerre de masse,
crimes contre l'humanité et crimes de génocide les plus odieux, le plus
souvent perpétrés dans le contexte d'un conflit armé interne. Ces atrocités
ont, pour la plupart, été commises sans que la communauté internationale
n'élève la voix ou n'agisse. Face à cette situation, l'article 4 de l'Acte
constitutif de l'Union africaine du 11 juillet 2000 reconnaît à
l'organisation le droit d'intervenir sur le territoire d'un État membre en
cas de crimes de guerre, de génocide et de crimes contre l'humanité, ainsi
que le droit des États membres de solliciter une telle intervention. L'Acte
constitutif de l'Union africaine est ainsi le premier traité international à
énoncer un tel droit. La disposition tranche avec les notions traditionneUes
du principe de non-ingérence et de non-intervention dans les affaires
intérieures des États-nations.

Cet article examine le droit d'intervention dans le cadre de l'Union
africaine. L'auteur se penche sur l'historique de la démarche qui a abouti à
l'insertion de cette disposition dans l'Acte constitutif, ainsi que sur les
principaux objectifs et les raisons de cette exception majeure au principe
de la souveraineté territoriale. En outre, la mise en œuvre de cette
disposition ainsi que les difficultés pratiques, juridiques et procédurales
prévisibles sont analysées. Les paramètres du droit d'intervention en droit
international, de même que les aspects politiques influant sur le débat
doctrinal, sont étudiés en vue d'évaluer le fondement juridique de l'article
4 de l'Acte constitutif.

L'auteur fait valoir que, s'il est vrai que la mise en œuvre du droit
d'intervention soulèvera très probablement des problèmes considérables, il
n'en reste pas moins que la disposition met en évidence les valeurs
fondamentales de l'Union africaine et les mesures énergiques que les États
membres sont disposés à prendre pour garantir ces protections élémentaires à
toute personne vivant en Afrique.
Adolescents volunteering for armed forces or armed groups
Authors: Brett Rachel
Published: July 2022

The focus of attention with regard to “child soldiers” has tended to be
on abducted children or those forced or coerced into fighting. When asked,
however, many children and young people themselves say that they
volunteered. Moreover, when negotiating the Optional Protocol to the
Convention on the Rights of the Child on involvement of children in armed
conflict, some governments claimed the right to continue to recruit
volunteers under the age of 18 and indeed still do so, although others have
raised their minimum age for recruitment.
Time limitation under the United States Alien Tort Claims Act
Authors: Weeramantry J. Romesh
Published: July 2022

Victims of international law violations may bring civil actions for
damages against the perpetrators under the United States Alien Tort Claims
Act (hereafter ATCA). Lawsuits instituted pursuant to the ATCA may include
claims based on violations of international humanitarian law but such claims
are completely independent of prosecutions for war crimes or crimes against
humanity that might arise from the same factual circumstances. Actions under
the ATCA are not aimed at imposing penal sanctions but seek payment of
monetary compensation by the defendant for the damage suffered by the
victim.
Reparation for violations of international humanitarian law
Authors: Gillard Emanuela-Chiara
Published: July 2022

La dernière moitié du XXe siècle a été marquée par
une augmentation et une codification sans précédent des normes du droit
international ayant pour objet la protection de la personne humaine. Il
s'agit aujourd'hui de veiller au respect de ces règles. Les réparations pour
violations du droit international humanitaire peuvent largement contribuer à
mieux le faire respecter et à prévenir toute violation future.

Une branche du droit est renforcée si, en cas d'infraction, des
réparations peuvent être obtenues; celles-ci constituent un aspect important
de l'application du droit et peuvent avoir un important effet dissuasif. À
un niveau plus personnel, les victimes de violations du droit international
humanitaire sont extrêmement vulnérables. Des réparations adéquates et
reçues au moment opportun peuvent jouer un rôle important pour aider les
victimes à reconstruire leur vie. Cet article examine le droit en vigueur et
la pratique actuelle en matière de réparations pour viohtions du droit
international humanitaire, en insistant plus particulièrement sur la
situation juridique des victimes.

Cet examen des lois et des mécanismes nationaux et internationaux révèle
que, si le droit aux réparations est universellement reconnu, en l'absence
de mécanismes spécifiques — qui existent généralement au niveau
international — les victimes sont incapables de faire valoir leurs droits
sur le plan individuel et, en conséquence, n'obtiennent aucune réparation.
L'article conclut par des questions plus politiques que posent les
différents mécanismes existants et la façon dont les compensations à
accorder aux victimes de violations du droit international humanitaires sont
envisagées.
Trends in long-term care use among Dutch older men and women between 1995 and 2016: is the gender gap changing?
Authors: Aaltonen Mari , Deeg Dorly , Broese van Groenou Marjolein
Published: July 2022

This study examines whether the gender gap in long-term care use in the Netherlands has changed between 1995 and 2016. Previous research has shown that women use more formal care services than men, while men use more informal care. In the past decades, there have been changes in the individual determinants of care use, such as health and social resources, and care provision. This raises the question of whether gender differences in care use have also changed over time. The Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA) involved respondents aged 70–88 in seven waves: 1995/96, 1998/99, 2002/03, 2005/06, 2008/09, 2011/12 and 2015/16 (N = 6,527 observations). Generalised estimating equations (GEE) were used to analyse changes in the impact of gender on the use of informal and formal home care, residential care and private home care, and the non-use of care. Men used more informal care provided by a partner than women, but women used other sources of care more than men. Individual social resources explained the gender gap in informal and formal home care use, and health and social resources explained the gap in residential care. In the non-use of care and, to some extent, in residential care use, the gender gap widened over the years to the disadvantage of men and was not explained by health and social resources. The persistent and even increasing gender gap in the non-use of care over time warrants an exploration of the role of gender in seeking care and access to care, and a closer examination of the role of long-term care policies in maintaining this gap.
Integrating human and species habitat preferences in conservation in heterogeneous urban settings
Authors: Sander Heather A , Hodson Cody B , Macdougall Brandon M
Published: July 2022

Cities are becoming increasingly important to biodiversity conservation, conservation that could also benefit urban people given the importance of nature to human well-being. Urban conservation is challenging, however, given cities’ primary role as human habitats and the need to simultaneously support heterogeneous human and wild species communities in similarly heterogeneous environments. We demonstrate a framework for identifying conservation zones within cities and human and species habitat preferences within them, thereby identifying habitat attributes that management could target to support human well-being and conservation objectives. The framework first categorizes conservation zones within a city, then develops species indicator communities for each zone. Habitat preferences are identified for each indicator community using richness modelling, and human habitat preferences within zones are identified using one of several approaches. Lastly, habitat preferences are compared to identify commonalities and differences within zones. We demonstrate our framework in Iowa City (IA, USA) using songbirds, identifying similarities in human and bird habitat preferences within conservation zones that management could target to support human well-being and species conservation and differences in preferences that could be proactively managed to reduce conflict. This framework can thus identify key habitat attributes and approaches to inform conservation planning targeted to specific settings within cities.
“You Talking to Me?” Accountability and the Modern Public
Service
Authors: Ingraham Patricia Wallace
Published: July 2022

My topic today is accountability of the federal public service. Democratic accountability
is at the core of both public administration and political science because, inherently,
democratic government is accountable government. For that reason, it is worrisome that
present definitions and systems of accountability are out of date, perhaps even seriously
broken.
Introduction—Assessments of the 2004 Presidential Vote
Forecasts
Authors: Campbell James E.
Published: July 2022

In the 2004 presidential election, 121.1 million ballots were cast for the major party
candidates. President George W. Bush received 51.24% of these votes to Senator John Kerry's
48.76%. As Bush prepares for his second term, we know how the candidates performed. How did
the election forecasters do?
Post-Election Reflections on Our Pre-Election Predictions
Authors: Wlezien Christopher , Erikson Robert S.
Published: July 2022

Prior to the 2004 presidential election we provided forecasts of the final vote relying on
two different models. The first model follows what we did in 1996 and 2000 and relies on two
variables:

the cumulated weighted growth in leading
economic indicators (LEI) through the 13th quarter of the sitting president's term—March
of the election year—which provides advance information about income growth leading up to
Election Day while also summarizing prior income growth;
and

the current value of presidential approval, which
absorbs some economic effects but also reflects non-economic aspects of incumbent
performance.
Evaluating the Trial-Heat and Economy Forecast of the 2004 Presidential Vote:
All's Well that Ends Well
Authors: Campbell James E.
Published: July 2022

On Labor Day, 57 days before the election, using the Gallup poll's division of likely
voters and GDP growth during the second quarter of the year, the trial-heat and economy
forecasting model predicted that George W. Bush would receive 53.8% of the two-party popular
vote (Campbell 2004a). Out of concerns about relying too heavily on a single poll and the
possible complications associated with the Republican Convention running right up to the
Labor Day weekend, a companion model based on the pre-convention Gallup poll, the net
convention poll bump, and the economy was constructed. It forecast a slightly closer
election, with a Bush vote of 52.8%.
A Post-Mortem and Update of the Economic News and Personal Finances
Forecasting Model
Authors: Holbrook Thomas M.
Published: July 2022

The forecasting model I wrote about in the October 2004 issue of PS
(Holbrook 2004) is best described as a referendum model. It
incorporates presidential approval (Gallup polls averaged from June through August), a
measure of aggregate satisfaction with personal finances weighted by the tone of economic
news (averaged from June through August), and a dummy variable coded “1”
for years in which the incumbent party had held the White House for at least two consecutive
terms and “0” for all other years. The first two variables are intended to capture the
political and economic performance of the incumbent administration, while the latter
(borrowed from Abramowitz 1988) is based on the idea that it may
be easier to convince voters that it is “time for a change” if the incumbent party has held
the White House for at least two consecutive terms.
After the Vote: Evaluating a Prospective Forecasting Model of Presidential
Elections
Authors: Lockerbie Brad
Published: July 2022

There are two components to my model of presidential election forecasting: Given the
enormous amount of work on voting behavior that finds prospective assessments of the economy
to be strongly related to vote choice (e.g., Abramowitz 1985;
Kuklinski and West 1981; Lewis-Beck 1988; Lockerbie 1992), I make use of a prospective economic item from the Survey of
Consumer Attitudes and Behavior that asks if the next year will be better, worse, or the
same for the respondent. I take the average of the negative responses to this question from
the first quarter of the election year as my economic measure. These data are available in
late April.
Declining State Budgets: A Structural and Administrative View
Authors: Baer Michael A.
Published: July 2022

Ever since I have been involved in higher education, I have noticed a consistent cyclical
pattern in state funding of higher education. Would that this were the pattern of the
future! Although funding has historically been cyclical, since the 1970s the proportion of a
state's budget dedicated to higher education has shown a steadily declining trend, from 9.8%
in 1980 to 7% last year (Schmidt 2004). We are witness to a
changing pattern in the relationship between the states and higher education. Higher
education is increasingly viewed as a private rather than a public good, and this evolving
perception will substantially impact both public and independent institutions. Tuition will
become more comparable and competitive.
Pendleton Herring
Authors: Greenstein Fred I. , Ranney Austin
Published: July 2022

Pendleton Herring, a pioneering student of American politics and influential foundation
executive, died at his home in Princeton, New Jersey, on August 17, 2004, at the age of 100.
He had two successive careers, first as a leading political scientist, then as head of the
Social Science Research Council (SSRC), a capacity in which he played a major part in
fostering the burgeoning of the social and behavioral sciences in the post-World War II
years.
Jacob W. Landynski
Authors: Pomerance Michla , Fisher Louis
Published: July 2022

After more than four decades with the New School, Jacob Landynski passed away on July 29,
2003. Born in Gateshead, England, on May 6, 1930, he received his bachelor's degree at
Brooklyn College in 1958 and his Ph.D. from Johns Hopkins University in 1963, studying under
Carl Swisher. His teaching career at the New School began in 1962, and he served for a
period as chairman of the political science department. His major work, Search and
Seizure and the Supreme Court was published in 1966 by the Johns Hopkins Press.
Other works followed. His students and friends valued his contributions to scholarship and
his kind and gentle manner. The following are tributes by Michla Pomerance and Louis
Fisher.