bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real-time gait metric estimation for everyday gait training with wearable devices in people poststroke
Authors: Arens Philipp , Siviy Christopher , Bae Jaehyun , Choe Dabin K. , Karavas Nikos , Baker Teresa , Ellis Terry D. , Awad Louis N. , Walsh Conor J.
Published: March 2021

Hemiparetic walking after stroke is typically slow, asymmetric, and inefficient, significantly impacting activities of daily living. Extensive research shows that functional, intensive, and task-specific gait training is instrumental for effective gait rehabilitation, characteristics that our group aims to encourage with soft robotic exosuits. However, standard clinical assessments may lack the precision and frequency to detect subtle changes in intervention efficacy during both conventional and exosuit-assisted gait training, potentially impeding targeted therapy regimes. In this paper, we use exosuit-integrated inertial sensors to reconstruct three clinically meaningful gait metrics related to circumduction, foot clearance, and stride length. Our method corrects sensor drift using instantaneous information from both sides of the body. This approach makes our method robust to irregular walking conditions poststroke as well as usable in real-time applications, such as real-time movement monitoring, exosuit assistance control, and biofeedback. We validate our algorithm in eight people poststroke in comparison to lab-based optical motion capture. Mean errors were below 0.2 cm (9.9%) for circumduction, −0.6 cm (−3.5%) for foot clearance, and 3.8 cm (3.6%) for stride length. A single-participant case study shows our technique’s promise in daily-living environments by detecting exosuit-induced changes in gait while walking in a busy outdoor plaza.
Soteria als besondere Form der Begleitung
Authors: Altintas Meryem
Published: March 2021

Was ist zu diesem Thema bereits bekannt?

Begleitung ist ein zentrales Element im Konzept der Soteria.

Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht?

Die Alltagsbegleitung wie auch das „Dabeisein“ während akuter Erkrankungsphasen müssen individuell gestaltet und immer wieder neu an die Bedürfnisse der Patienten angepasst werden.

Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis?

Begleitung ermöglicht Beziehungsaufbau und vermittelt Sicherheit.
Die Zeit ist reif
Authors: Bernd Schirmer Uwe
Published: March 2021

Fachlich entwickelt sich die Pflege in Deutschland. Dies führt automatisch zu mehr Mitsprache bei politischen Entscheidungen im Gesundheitswesen oder zu einer neuen Arbeitsteilung in der Praxis? Nein – Mitbestimmung braucht in demokratischen Ländern eine legitimierte Struktur, um mandatiert für alle Pflegenden sprechen zu können. Woher kommt die Pflege? Wohin will sie? Wann wird die größte Berufsgruppe des Gesundheitswesens erkennen, dass nur sie selbst ihre eigenen Interessen vertreten kann?
Wealth, Power, Status
Authors: Gaubert Cécile , Louvet Eva
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The main purpose of the present research was to examine the moderating effect of system-justifying beliefs on the relationship between a target’s hierarchical position in an organizational context and perceived competence. Through three experiments we manipulated an employee’s hierarchical position in various ways and examined the effects on social judgment. Participants’ system-justifying beliefs were assessed in an ostensibly unrelated study. In Studies 1 and 2, as predicted, only participants high in system justification rated the high-position target as more competent than the low-position target. A very different pattern of results emerged when experimentally disentangling hierarchy based on status, and hierarchy based on power (Study 3). Individuals who are respected and admired by others (high-status individuals) were systematically valued on competence, whereas individuals who have asymmetric control over valued resources (high-power individuals) were derogated on competence by participants low in system justification. The present studies provide greater insight into how social judgment can function to maintain the existing social hierarchy, and offer novel empirical support to the widely accepted idea that status and power refer to theoretically different constructs.
Hold It Right There!
Authors: Nuel Ivane , Fayant Marie-Pierre , Alexopoulos Theodore
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The approach-aversion effect refers to a devaluation of approaching (vs. static) stimuli and is attributable to the fact that being approached is threatening. However, the explanation and the generalizability of this effect still remain unclear. To fill this gap, we provide a powerful test of the approach-aversion effect using Virtual Reality. Participants evaluated approaching and static virtual individuals for which we manipulated the threatening nature via their emotional facial expressions (Experiment 1), their group membership (Experiment 2), and the agency of their movements (Experiment 3). The results suggest a general approach-aversion effect which is attenuated when the self (vs. the target) initiates the movement. We thus bring convergent evidence that being approached is threatening.
Slipping and Locking in Earth’s Earthquake Factories
Authors: Bartlow Noel , Wallace Laura , Elliott Julie , Schwartz Susan
Published: March 2021

Geodetic observations collected during back-to-back decadal research campaigns have revealed crucial new insights into the start–stop and slow-motion behavior of subduction zones.
Thank You to Our 2020 Reviewers
Authors: Destouni Georgia , Bahr Jean , Bierkens Marc F. P. , Clark Martyn , Hall Jim , Islam Shafiqul , Kollet Stefan , Luce Charles H. , Lundquist Jessica , Mackay D. Scott , van Meerveld Ilja , Sanchez‐Vila Xavier , Troch Peter A. , Wohl Ellen
Published: March 2021

Key Points

The editors thank the 2020 peer reviewers
Targeting macrophages in cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Duan Zhaojun , Luo Yunping
Published: March 2021

Immunotherapy is regarded as the most promising treatment for cancers. Various cancer immunotherapies, including adoptive cellular immunotherapy, tumor vaccines, antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and small-molecule inhibitors, have achieved certain successes. In this review, we summarize the role of macrophages in current immunotherapies and the advantages of targeting macrophages. To better understand and make better use of this type of cell, their development and differentiation characteristics, categories, typical markers, and functions were collated at the beginning of the review. Therapeutic strategies based on or combined with macrophages have the potential to improve the treatment efficacy of cancer therapies.
Hypomagnesemia at the time of autologous stem cell transplantation for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is associated with an increased risk of failure
Authors: Gile Jennifer J. , Lopez Camden L. , Ruan Gordon J. , Hathcock Matthew A. , Abeykoon Jithma P. , Heimgartner Joy R. , Baumann Nikola A. , McMahon M. Molly , Micallef Ivana N. , Johnston Patrick B. , Bisneto Jose C. Villasboas , Porrata Luis F. , Paludo Jonas , Ansell Stephen M. , Hogan William J. , Witzig Thomas E.
Published: March 2021

Magnesium is an essential element that is involved in critical metabolic pathways. A diet deficient in magnesium is associated with an increased risk of developing cancer. Few studies have reported whether a serum magnesium level below the reference range (RR) is associated with prognosis in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Using a retrospective approach in DLBCL patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplant (AHSCT), we evaluated the association of hypomagnesemia with survival. Totally, 581 patients eligible for AHSCT with a serum magnesium level during the immediate pre-transplant period were identified and 14.1% (82/581) had hypomagnesemia. Hypomagnesemia was associated with an inferior event-free (EFS) and overall survival (OS) compared to patients with a serum magnesium level within RR; median EFS: 3.9 years (95% CI: 1.63–8.98 years) versus 6.29 years (95% CI: 4.73–8.95 years) with HR 1.63 (95% CI: 1.09–2.43, p = 0.017) for EFS, and median OS: 7.3 years (95% CI: 2.91—upper limit not estimable) versus 9.7 years (95% CI: 6.92–12.3 years) with HR 1.90 (95% CI: 1.22–2.96, p = 0.005) for OS months 0–12, respectively. These findings suggest a potentially actionable prognostic factor for patients with DLBCL undergoing AHSCT.
AI-based structure-function correlation in age-related macular degeneration
Authors: von der Emde Leon , Pfau Maximilian , Holz Frank G. , Fleckenstein Monika , Kortuem Karsten , Keane Pearse A. , Rubin Daniel L. , Schmitz-Valckenberg Steffen
Published: March 2021

Sensitive and robust outcome measures of retinal function are pivotal for clinical trials in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). A recent development is the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) to infer results of psychophysical examinations based on findings derived from multimodal imaging. We conducted a review of the current literature referenced in PubMed and Web of Science among others with the keywords ‘artificial intelligence’ and ‘machine learning’ in combination with ‘perimetry’, ‘best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA)’, ‘retinal function’ and ‘age-related macular degeneration’. So far AI-based structure-function correlations have been applied to infer conventional visual field, fundus-controlled perimetry, and electroretinography data, as well as BCVA, and patient-reported outcome measures (PROM). In neovascular AMD, inference of BCVA (hereafter termed inferred BCVA) can estimate BCVA results with a root mean squared error of ~7–11 letters, which is comparable to the accuracy of actual visual acuity assessment. Further, AI-based structure-function correlation can successfully infer fundus-controlled perimetry (FCP) results both for mesopic as well as dark-adapted (DA) cyan and red testing (hereafter termed inferred sensitivity). Accuracy of inferred sensitivity can be augmented by adding short FCP examinations and reach mean absolute errors (MAE) of ~3–5 dB for mesopic, DA cyan and DA red testing. Inferred BCVA, and inferred retinal sensitivity, based on multimodal imaging, may be considered as a quasi-functional surrogate endpoint for future interventional clinical trials in the future.
Tribolium beetles as a model system in evolution and ecology
Authors: Pointer Michael D. , Gage Matthew J. G. , Spurgin Lewis G.
Published: March 2021

Flour beetles of the genusTriboliumhave been utilised as informative study systems for over a century and contributed to major advances across many fields. This review serves to highlight the significant historical contribution thatTriboliumstudy systems have made to the fields of ecology and evolution, and to promote their use as contemporary research models. We review the broad range of studies employingTriboliumto make significant advances in ecology and evolution. We show that research usingTriboliumbeetles has contributed a substantial amount to evolutionary and ecological understanding, especially in the fields of population dynamics, reproduction and sexual selection, population and quantitative genetics, and behaviour, physiology and life history. We propose a number of future research opportunities usingTribolium, with particular focus on how their amenability to forward and reverse genetic manipulation may provide a valuable complement to other insect models.
Does diagnostic uncertainty increase antibiotic prescribing in primary care?
Authors: Wang Dan , Liu Chaojie , Zhang Xinping , Liu Chenxi
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to determine the association between factors relevant to diagnostic uncertainty and physicians’ antibiotic-prescribing behaviour in primary care. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 327 physicians that measured their diagnostic ability, perceived frequency of diagnostic uncertainty, tolerance, and perceived patient tolerance of uncertainty. Physician antibiotic-prescribing behaviours were assessed based on their prescriptions (n = 207,804) of three conditions: upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs, antibiotics not recommended), acute tonsillitis (cautious use of antibiotics), and pneumonia (antibiotics recommended). A two-level logistic regression model determined the association between diagnostic uncertainty factors and physician antibiotic prescribing. Physicians perceived a higher frequency of diagnostic uncertainty resulting in higher antibiotic use for URTIs and less antibiotic use for pneumonia. Higher antibiotic use for acute tonsillitis was related to a low tolerance of uncertainty of physicians and patients. This study suggests that reducing diagnostic uncertainty and improving physician and patient uncertainty management could reduce antibiotic use.
North polar trough formation due to in-situ erosion as a source of young ice in mid-latitudinal mantles on Mars
Authors: Rodriguez J. Alexis P. , Tanaka Kenneth L. , Bramson Ali M. , Leonard Gregory J. , Baker Victor R. , Zarroca Mario
Published: March 2021

The clockwise spiral of troughs marking the Martian north polar plateau forms one of the planet’s youngest megastructures. One popular hypothesis posits that the spiral pattern resulted as troughs underwent poleward migration. Here, we show that the troughs are extensively segmented into enclosed depressions (or cells). Many cell interiors display concentric layers that connect pole- and equator-facing slopes, demonstrating in-situ trough erosion. The segmentation patterns indicate a history of gradual trough growth transversely to katabatic wind directions, whereby increases in trough intersections generated their spiral arrangement. The erosional event recorded in the truncated strata and trough segmentation may have supplied up to ~25% of the volume of the mid-latitude icy mantles. Topographically subtle undulations transition into troughs and have distributions that mimic and extend the troughs’ spiraling pattern, indicating that they probably represent buried trough sections. The retention of the spiral pattern in surface and subsurface troughs is consistent with the megastructure’s stabilization before its partial burial. A previously suggested warm paleoclimatic spike indicates that the erosion could have occurred as recently as ~50 Ka. Hence, if the removed ice was redeposited to form the mid-latitude mantles, they could provide a valuable source of near-surface, clean ice for future human exploration.
Inhibition of ERK 1/2 kinases prevents tendon matrix breakdown
Authors: Blache Ulrich , Wunderli Stefania L. , Hussien Amro A. , Stauber Tino , Flückiger Gabriel , Bollhalder Maja , Niederöst Barbara , Fucentese Sandro F. , Snedeker Jess G.
Published: March 2021

Tendon extracellular matrix (ECM) mechanical unloading results in tissue degradation and breakdown, with niche-dependent cellular stress directing proteolytic degradation of tendon. Here, we show that the extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) pathway is central in tendon degradation of load-deprived tissue explants. We show that ERK 1/2 are highly phosphorylated in mechanically unloaded tendon fascicles in a vascular niche-dependent manner. Pharmacological inhibition of ERK 1/2 abolishes the induction of ECM catabolic gene expression (MMPs) and fully prevents loss of mechanical properties. Moreover, ERK 1/2 inhibition in unloaded tendon fascicles suppresses features of pathological tissue remodeling such as collagen type 3 matrix switch and the induction of the pro-fibrotic cytokine interleukin 11. This work demonstrates ERK signaling as a central checkpoint to trigger tendon matrix degradation and remodeling using load-deprived tissue explants.
An equilibrium desorption model for the strength and extraction yield of full immersion brewed coffee
Authors: Liang Jiexin , Chan Ka Chun , Ristenpart William D.
Published: March 2021

The sensory qualities of brewed coffee are known to be strongly correlated with the total dissolved solids (TDS) and extraction yield (E) of the brew. Here, we derive a predictive model for the TDS and E of full immersion brewed coffee using a pseudo-equilibrium desorption approach. Assuming a single, species-averaged equilibrium constant $$K$$
K
yields theoretical predictions indicating that the TDS is approximately inversely proportional to the water/coffee mass brew ratio, while E is independent of the brew ratio. Our experimental results strongly accord with both theoretical predictions, and indicate that E is approximately 21% over a wide range of brew ratios. An analysis of the standard oven-drying method for measuring E indicates that it yields significant underestimates of the true value at equilibrium, due to retained brew within the spent moist grounds. We further demonstrate that $$K$$
K
is insensitive to grind size, roast level, and brew temperature over the range 80–99 °C. Taken together, our results indicate that full immersion brewing offers precise control over the TDS at equilibrium but little control over E, and that practitioners should pay careful attention to their brew ratio as the most important parameter for full-immersion brewing.
Detection and monitoring of Drosophila suzukii in raspberry and cherry orchards with volatile organic compounds in the USA and Europe
Authors: Larson Nicholas R. , Strickland Jaime , Shields Vonnie D. , Biondi Antonio , Zappalà Lucia , Cavallaro Carmelo , Colazza Stefano , Escudero-Colomar Lucía-Adriana , Briem Felix , Vogt Heidrun , Debias François , Gibert Patricia , Desouhant Emmanuel , Zhang Aijun
Published: March 2021

Spotted wing drosophila (SWD) causes significant economic loss in fruit crops to growers worldwide. There is immediate need for efficacious and selective monitoring tools that can detect infestations early. Previously, volatile organic compounds derived from apple were studied and a quinary chemical component blend (QB) was identified as the key SWD attractant in a blueberry orchard in the United States. This study’s aim was to determine whether previously observed QB efficacy, selectivity, and early detection levels could be attained within raspberry and cherry fields in the USA and Europe. Results demonstrated that sticky trap baited QB dispenser provided earlier SWD detection potential than the usually adopted apple cider vinegar (ACV) trap. The number of SWD captured/trap by QB baited trapping systems was significantly lower than that of the ACV trap. However, percent SWD/trap of QB baited traps was same within cherry. Lower non-target capture will save farmer/grower’s labor and time allocated to traps installation and drosophila species identification. Within the USA, SWD selectivity of QB baited liquid traps was consistently greater than sticky trap in raspberry field, suggesting that the QB dispenser can be an alternative to the standard ACV lure and that trap design could improve selectivity further.
Automated detection of critical findings in multi-parametric brain MRI using a system of 3D neural networks
Authors: Nael Kambiz , Gibson Eli , Yang Chen , Ceccaldi Pascal , Yoo Youngjin , Das Jyotipriya , Doshi Amish , Georgescu Bogdan , Janardhanan Nirmal , Odry Benjamin , Nadar Mariappan , Bush Michael , Re Thomas J. , Huwer Stefan , Josan Sonal , von Busch Heinrich , Meyer Heiko , Mendelson David , Drayer Burton P. , Comaniciu Dorin , Fayad Zahi A.
Published: March 2021

With the rapid growth and increasing use of brain MRI, there is an interest in automated image classification to aid human interpretation and improve workflow. We aimed to train a deep convolutional neural network and assess its performance in identifying abnormal brain MRIs and critical intracranial findings including acute infarction, acute hemorrhage and mass effect. A total of 13,215 clinical brain MRI studies were categorized to training (74%), validation (9%), internal testing (8%) and external testing (8%) datasets. Up to eight contrasts were included from each brain MRI and each image volume was reformatted to common resolution to accommodate for differences between scanners. Following reviewing the radiology reports, three neuroradiologists assigned each study to abnormal vs normal, and identified three critical findings including acute infarction, acute hemorrhage, and mass effect. A deep convolutional neural network was constructed by a combination of localization feature extraction (LFE) modules and global classifiers to identify the presence of 4 variables in brain MRIs including abnormal, acute infarction, acute hemorrhage and mass effect. Training, validation and testing sets were randomly defined on a patient basis. Training was performed on 9845 studies using balanced sampling to address class imbalance. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed. The ROC analysis of our models for 1050 studies within our internal test data showed AUC/sensitivity/specificity of 0.91/83%/86% for normal versus abnormal brain MRI, 0.95/92%/88% for acute infarction, 0.90/89%/81% for acute hemorrhage, and 0.93/93%/85% for mass effect. For 1072 studies within our external test data, it showed AUC/sensitivity/specificity of 0.88/80%/80% for normal versus abnormal brain MRI, 0.97/90%/97% for acute infarction, 0.83/72%/88% for acute hemorrhage, and 0.87/79%/81% for mass effect. Our proposed deep convolutional network can accurately identify abnormal and critical intracranial findings on individual brain MRIs, while addressing the fact that some MR contrasts might not be available in individual studies.
Ten-year trends of hypertension treatment and control rate in Korea
Authors: Kim Kwang-il , Ji Eunjeong , Choi Jung-yeon , Kim Sun-wook , Ahn Soyeon , Kim Cheol-Ho
Published: March 2021

We analyzed the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) database to determine the trends of hypertension treatment and control rate in Korea over the past 10 years. In addition, we tried to investigate the effect of chronic medical conditions on hypertension management. We investigated the hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rate from 2008 to 2017. KNHANES, which uses a stratified multistage sampling design, is a cross-sectional, nationally representative survey conducted by the Korean government. A total of 59,282 adults (≥ 20 years) were included, which was representative of the total population of around 40 million Koreans per year. The mean age was 50.7 ± 16.4 years and 42.6% were male. The prevalence of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, and obesity significantly increased over the 10 years. During this period, the hypertension treatment and control rate significantly improved. Hypertension treatment rate was significantly lower in the younger age group compared to the older age group, but the control rate among the treated patients was not significantly different between age groups. The treatment and control rates of hypertension were higher in patients with multimorbidity, which implies that it has a favorable effect on the treatment and control of hypertension. Hypertension treatment and control rate have improved over the past 10 years. The higher treatment and control rate in patients with multimorbidity suggest that the more aggressive surveillance might be associated with the improvement of hypertension treatment and control rate in Korea.
Impact of size at birth and postnatal growth on metabolic and neurocognitive outcomes in prematurely born school-age children
Authors: Kim Yoo Jinie , Shin Seung Han , Lee Eun Sun , Jung Young Hwa , Lee Young Ah , Shin Choong Ho , Kim Ee-Kyung , Kim Han-Suk
Published: March 2021

Prematurity, size at birth, and postnatal growth are important factors that determine cardiometabolic and neurodevelopmental outcomes later in life. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the associations between the size at birth and growth velocity after birth with cardiometabolic and neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants. Fifty-six preterm infants born at < 32 weeks of gestation or having a birth weight of < 1500 g were enrolled and categorized into small for gestational age (SGA) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) groups. Anthropometric and cardiometabolic parameters were assessed at school-age, and the Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, fourth edition (K-WISC-IV) was used for assessing the intellectual abilities. The growth velocity was calculated by changes in the weight z-score at each time period. Multivariate analysis was conducted to investigate the associations of growth velocity at different periods with cardiometabolic and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Forty-two (75%) were classified as AGA and 25% as SGA. At school-age, despite the SGA children showing significantly lower body weight, lean mass index, and body mass index, there were no differences in the cardiometabolic parameters between SGA and AGA groups. After adjusting for gestational age, birth weight z-score, weight z-score change from birth to discharge and sex, change in weight z-score beyond 12 months were associated with a higher systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, and insulin resistance. Full-scale intelligent quotient (β = 0.314, p = 0.036) and perceptional reasoning index (β = 0.456, p = 0.003) of K-WISC-IV were positively correlated with postnatal weight gain in the neonatal intensive care unit. Although cardiometabolic outcomes were comparable in preterm SGA and AGA infants, the growth velocity at different time periods resulted in different cardiometabolic and neurocognitive outcomes. Thus, ensuring an optimal growth velocity at early neonatal period could promote good neurocognitive outcomes, while adequate growth after 1 year could prevent adverse cardiometabolic outcomes in preterm infants.
ANGPTL3 gene variants in subjects with familial combined hyperlipidemia
Authors: Bea A. M. , Franco-Marín E. , Marco-Benedí V. , Jarauta E. , Gracia-Rubio I. , Cenarro A. , Civeira F. , Lamiquiz-Moneo I.
Published: March 2021

Angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3) plays an important role in lipid metabolism in humans. Loss-of-function variants in ANGPTL3 cause a monogenic disease named familial combined hypolipidemia. However, the potential contribution of ANGPTL3 gene in subjects with familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) has not been studied. For that reason, the aim of this work was to investigate the potential contribution of ANGPTL3 in the aetiology of FCHL by identifying gain-of-function (GOF) genetic variants in the ANGPTL3 gene in FCHL subjects. ANGPTL3 gene was sequenced in 162 unrelated subjects with severe FCHL and 165 normolipemic controls. Pathogenicity of genetic variants was predicted with PredictSNP2 and FruitFly. Frequency of identified variants in FCHL was compared with that of normolipemic controls and that described in the 1000 Genomes Project. No GOF mutations in ANGPTL3 were present in subjects with FCHL. Four variants were identified in FCHL subjects, showing a different frequency from that observed in normolipemic controls: c.607-109T>C, c.607-47_607-46delGT, c.835+41C>A and c.*52_*60del. This last variant, c.*52_*60del, is a microRNA associated sequence in the 3′UTR of ANGPTL3, and it was present 2.7 times more frequently in normolipemic controls than in FCHL subjects. Our research shows that no GOF mutations in ANGPTL3 were found in a large group of unrelated subjects with FCHL.
Temporal and spatial lags between wind, coastal upwelling, and blue whale occurrence
Authors: Barlow Dawn R. , Klinck Holger , Ponirakis Dimitri , Garvey Christina , Torres Leigh G.
Published: March 2021

Understanding relationships between physical drivers and biological response is central to advancing ecological knowledge. Wind is the physical forcing mechanism in coastal upwelling systems, however lags between wind input and biological responses are seldom quantified for marine predators. Lags were examined between wind at an upwelling source, decreased temperatures along the upwelling plume’s trajectory, and blue whale occurrence in New Zealand’s South Taranaki Bight region (STB). Wind speed and sea surface temperature (SST) were extracted for austral spring–summer months between 2009 and 2019. A hydrophone recorded blue whale vocalizations October 2016-March 2017. Timeseries cross-correlation analyses were conducted between wind speed, SST at different locations along the upwelling plume, and blue whale downswept vocalizations (D calls). Results document increasing lag times (0–2 weeks) between wind speed and SST consistent with the spatial progression of upwelling, culminating with increased D call density at the distal end of the plume three weeks after increased wind speeds at the upwelling source. Lag between wind events and blue whale aggregations (n = 34 aggregations 2013–2019) was 2.09 ± 0.43 weeks. Variation in lag was significantly related to the amount of wind over the preceding 30 days, which likely influences stratification. This study enhances knowledge of physical-biological coupling in upwelling ecosystems and enables improved forecasting of species distribution patterns for dynamic management.
Npas4 impairs fear memory via phosphorylated HDAC5 induced by CGRP administration in mice
Authors: Hashikawa-Hobara Narumi , Mishima Shuta , Okujima Chihiro , Shitanishi Youdai , Hashikawa Naoya
Published: March 2021

The relationships among neuropeptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and memory formation remain unclear. Here, we showed that the intracerebroventricular administration of CGRP impaired the traumatic fear memories, in a widely studied animal model of post-traumatic stress disorder. We found that CGRP administration suppressed fear memory by increasing neuronal PAS domain protein 4 (Npas4), phosphorylated histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5), and protein kinase D (PKD). We also discovered that Npas4 knockdown inhibited CGRP-mediated fear memory. CGRP decreased the binding between HDAC5 and the Npas4 enhancer site and increased the binding between acetylated histone H3 and the Npas4 enhancer site. The pharmacological inhibition or knockdown of PKD attenuated the CGRP-mediated impairment of fear memory and the increased phosphorylation of HDAC5 and Npas4 expression. Our findings demonstrated that the CGRP-PKD pathway was associated with the histone H3 acetylation-Npas4 pathway. These results suggested a novel function for CGRP on fear memory, through epigenetic regulation.
NAO predictability from external forcing in the late 20th century
Authors: Klavans Jeremy M. , Cane Mark A. , Clement Amy C. , Murphy Lisa N.
Published: March 2021

The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is predictable in climate models at near-decadal timescales. Predictive skill derives from ocean initialization, which can capture variability internal to the climate system, and from external radiative forcing. Herein, we show that predictive skill for the NAO in a very large uninitialized multi-model ensemble is commensurate with previously reported skill from a state-of-the-art initialized prediction system. The uninitialized ensemble and initialized prediction system produce similar levels of skill for northern European precipitation and North Atlantic SSTs. Identifying these predictable components becomes possible in a very large ensemble, confirming the erroneously low signal-to-noise ratio previously identified in both initialized and uninitialized climate models. Though the results here imply that external radiative forcing is a major source of predictive skill for the NAO, they also indicate that ocean initialization may be important for particular NAO events (the mid-1990s strong positive NAO), and, as previously suggested, in certain ocean regions such as the subpolar North Atlantic ocean. Overall, we suggest that improving climate models’ response to external radiative forcing may help resolve the known signal-to-noise error in climate models.
Endothelial Jak3 expression enhances pro-hematopoietic angiocrine function in mice
Authors: Barcia Durán José Gabriel , Lu Tyler , Houghton Sean , Geng Fuqiang , Schreiner Ryan , Xiang Jenny , Rafii Shahin , Redmond David , Lis Raphaël
Published: March 2021

Jak3 is the only non-promiscuous member of the Jak family of secondary messengers. Studies to date have focused on understanding and targeting the cell-autonomous role of Jak3 in immunity, while functional Jak3 expression outside the hematopoietic system remains largely unreported. We show that Jak3 is expressed in endothelial cells across hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic organs, with heightened expression in the bone marrow. The bone marrow niche is understood as a network of different cell types that regulate hematopoietic function. We show that the Jak3–/– bone marrow niche is deleterious for the maintenance of long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs) and that JAK3-overexpressing endothelial cells have increased potential to expand LT-HSCs in vitro. This work may serve to identify a novel function for a highly specific tyrosine kinase in the bone marrow vascular niche and to further characterize the LT-HSC function of sinusoidal endothelium.
Genome-wide analyses across Viridiplantae reveal the origin and diversification of small RNA pathway-related genes
Authors: Wang Sibo , Liang Hongping , Xu Yan , Li Linzhou , Wang Hongli , Sahu Durgesh Nandini , Petersen Morten , Melkonian Michael , Sahu Sunil Kumar , Liu Huan
Published: March 2021

Small RNAs play a major role in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes. Despite the evolutionary importance of streptophyte algae, knowledge on small RNAs in this group of green algae is almost non-existent. We used genome and transcriptome data of 34 algal and plant species, and performed genome-wide analyses of small RNA (miRNA & siRNA) biosynthetic and degradation pathways. The results suggest that Viridiplantae started to evolve plant-like miRNA biogenesis and degradation after the divergence of the Mesostigmatophyceae in the streptophyte algae. We identified two major evolutionary transitions in small RNA metabolism in streptophyte algae; during the first transition, the origin of DCL-New, DCL1, AGO1/5/10 and AGO4/6/9 in the last common ancestor of Klebsormidiophyceae and all other streptophytes could be linked to abiotic stress responses and evolution of multicellularity in streptophytes. During the second transition, the evolution of DCL 2,3,4, and AGO 2,3,7 as well as DRB1 in the last common ancestor of Zygnematophyceae and embryophytes, suggests their possible contribution to pathogen defense and antibacterial immunity. Overall, the origin and diversification of DICER and AGO along with several other small RNA pathway-related genes among streptophyte algae suggested progressive adaptations of streptophyte algae during evolution to a subaerial environment.
Fish-inspired flexible protective material systems with anisotropic bending stiffness
Authors: Zolotovsky Katia , Varshney Swati , Reichert Steffen , Arndt Eric M. , Dao Ming , Boyce Mary C. , Ortiz Christine
Published: March 2021

Biological structures integrate morphometry (shape-based rules) with materials design to maximize organism survival. The exoskeleton of the armored fish, Polypterus senegalus, balances flexibility with protection from predatory and territorial threats. Material properties of the exoskeleton are known; however, the geometric design rules underlying its anisotropic flexibility are uncharacterized. Here, we show how scale shape, articulation, and composite architecture produce anisotropic mechanics using bio-inspired, multi-material 3D-printed prototypes. Passive loading (draping) shows that compliant connections between the scales contribute to mechanical anisotropy. Simulated and experimental active loading (bending) show orientation-dependent stiffness ranging over orders of magnitude, including ‘mechanical invisibility’ of the scales where they do not add stiffness to the exoskeleton. The results illustrate how morphometry provides a powerful tool to tune flexibility in composite architectures independent of varying constituent materials composition. We anticipate that introducing morphometric design strategies will enable flexible, protective systems tuned to complex shapes and functions.
A modular microscopic smartphone attachment for imaging and quantification of multiple fluorescent probes using machine learning
Authors: Sami Muhammad A. , Tayyab Muhammad , Parikh Priya , Govindaraju Harshitha , Hassan Umer
Published: March 2021

A smartphone-based fluorescent microscope capable of imaging multiple fluorescent probes at different magnification levels.
Towards accurate and precise positions of hydrogen atoms bonded to heavy metal atoms
Authors: Woińska Magdalena , Chodkiewicz Michał L. , Woźniak Krzysztof
Published: March 2021

Positions and anisotropic thermal motion of H-Atoms bound to heavy atoms in transition-metal hydride complexes were successfully refined using Hirshfeld Atom Refinement (HAR) against low resolution X-ray diffraction data.
Computational and infrared spectroscopic investigations ofN-substituted carbazoles
Authors: Mane Jonathan Y. , Michaelian Kirk H. , Stoyanov Stanislav R. , Billinghurst Brant E. , Zhao Jianbao
Published: March 2021

Coupled computational–experimental approach for improving the spectroscopic characterization of important carbazole moieties that exist in petroleum asphaltenes.
Impurity-induced nematic–isotropic transition of liquid crystals
Authors: Jana Pritam Kumar , Lam Julien , Mangal Rahul , Alava Mikko J. , Parveen Nagma , Laurson Lasse
Published: March 2021

Complex fluids made of liquid crystals and small molecules, surfactants, nanoparticles, or 1D/2D nanomaterials show novel and interesting features, making them suitable materials for various applications starting from optoelectronics to biosensing.
Eu(iii)-Doped tri-calcium Ca3(1−X−Z)MZ(PO4)2AX:X host array: optical investigations of down-conversion red phosphor for boosting display intensity and high color purity
Authors: Kadam Abhijeet R. , Kohale R. L. , Mishra Girish C. , Dhoble S. J.
Published: March 2021

Eu3+-Activated double and triple phosphates were synthesized via a high-temperature solid-state reaction.
Boosting the AIEgen-based photo-theranostic platform by balancing radiative decay and non-radiative decay
Authors: Xu Yanzi , Dang Dongfeng , Zhu Hongrui , Jing Xunan , Zhu Xun , Zhang Ning , Li Chunbin , Zhao Yizhen , Zhang Pengfei , Yang Zhiwei , Meng Lingjie
Published: March 2021

A single-molecule-triggered photo-theranostic platform with aggregation-induced emission feature for precise diagnosis and efficient cancer therapy is developed.
AlN PEALD with TMA and forming gas: study of plasma reaction mechanisms
Authors: Miao Mengmeng , Cadien Ken
Published: March 2021

Plasma effect on PEALD AIN growth rate follows a similar trend but shifts to longer plasma dose time when deposition temperature decreases.
β-Oxochlorin cobalt(ii) complexes catalyze the electrochemical reduction of CO2
Authors: Nganga John , Chaudhri Nivedita , Brückner Christian , Angeles-Boza Alfredo M.
Published: March 2021

Formation of methane from carbon dioxide is demonstrated with β-oxochlorin cobalt(ii) complexes.
Exfoliation of large-flake, few-layer MoS2 nanosheets mediated by carbon nanotubes
Authors: Han Wenqian , Xia Yan , Yang Dong , Dong Angang
Published: March 2021

A CNT-mediated exfoliation method is developed to prepare large-flake, few-layer MoS2 nanosheets, which can be directly used for high-performance electrochemical applications.
Zero-valent metals in metal–organic frameworks: fac-M(CO)3(pyrazine)3/2
Authors: Voigt Laura , Wugt Larsen René , Kubus Mariusz , Pedersen Kasper S.
Published: March 2021

Group 6 metal hexacarbonyl complexes are employed as building blocks for pyrazine-pillared metal–organic frameworks with zero-valent metal centres.
Lanthanide ion-doped silica nanohelix: a helical inorganic network acts as a chiral source for metal ions
Authors: Harada Tomoyuki , Yanagita Hiroshi , Ryu Naoya , Okazaki Yutaka , Kuwahara Yutaka , Takafuji Makoto , Nagaoka Shoji , Ihara Hirotaka , Oda Reiko
Published: March 2021

Chiroptical properties (circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence) were induced in lanthanide ions by doping in silica nanohelices with a chirally arranged siloxane network without any organic mediates.
Enriching the branching of Au@PdAu core–shell nanocrystals using a syringe pump: kinetics control meets lattice mismatch
Authors: Zhang Gongguo , Ma Yanyun , Fu Xiaowei , Zhao Wenjun , Liu Feng , Liu Maochang , Zheng Yiqun
Published: March 2021

Gold@palladium–gold nanocrystals with a tunable branched shape are prepared via seeded growth, where the use of a syringe pump allows the manipulation over reaction kinetics as coupled by surface diffusion and strain caused by lattice mismatch.
Single-crystal to single-crystal transformation of a coordination chain to a two-dimensional coordination network through a photocycloaddition reaction
Authors: Yang Fan , Li Ni Ya , Ge Ye , Liu Dong
Published: March 2021

UV irradiation of a unique ladder-like coordination polymer affords a two-dimensional coordination network through single-crystal to single-crystal photocycloaddition reaction.
Coupling SnS2 and rGO aerogel to CuS for enhanced light-assisted OER electrocatalysis
Authors: Yao Shujuan , Wu Chuanrui , Li Danyang , Gao Bo , Wen Xiaoxu , Liu Ziyi , Li Wenzhi
Published: March 2021

A novel 3D flower-like CuS/SnS2/reduced graphene oxide heterostructure was synthesized. The overpotential of the visible-light-assisted electrocatalytic OER decreased by about 20% at current densities of 10–100 mA cm−2.
CO2 activation by permethylpentalene amido zirconium complexes
Authors: Hamilton Elizabeth A. , Kilpatrick Alexander F. R. , Turner Zoë R. , Fraser Duncan A. X. , Buffet Jean-Charles , O'Hare Dermot
Published: March 2021

Synthesis and characterisation of new permethylpentalene (Pn*) zirconium bis(amido) and Pn*Zr cyclopentadienyl mono(amido) complexes and their reactivity with carbon dioxide.
Monolithic metal–organic frameworks for carbon dioxide separation
Authors: Madden David G. , Babu Robin , Çamur Ceren , Rampal Nakul , Silvestre-Albero Joaquin , Curtin Teresa , Fairen-Jimenez David
Published: March 2021

The use of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) in industry has been limited due to a lack of shaping technologies. Monolithic MOFs (monoMOFs) offer a viable alternative to traditional shaping offering high density materials for adsorption processes.
Identification and characterization of degradation products of Remdesivir using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
Authors: Dadinaboyina S Babu , Yerra Naga Veera , Adimoolam Bala Manikantha , Parsa Sivaramakrishna , Bathini Nagendra Babu , Thota Jagadeshwar Reddy
Published: March 2021

A total of nine degradation products were identified under different stress conditions by using LC-MS for RDV.
Imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine derivatives: useful, luminescent and versatile scaffolds for different applications
Authors: Volpi Giorgio , Rabezzana Roberto
Published: March 2021

In the last few years, imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine nuclei and derivatives have attracted growing attention due to their unique chemical structure and versatility, optical behaviours, and biological properties.
A smart mitochondria-targeting TP-NIR fluorescent probe for the selective and sensitive sensing of H2S in living cells and mice
Authors: Yang Qiaomei , Zhou Liyi , Peng Longpeng , Yuan Gangqiang , Ding Haiyuan , Tan Libin , Zhou Yizhuang
Published: March 2021

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is one of the important gaseous signalling molecules, which plays key roles in various critical biological processes.
Nanoscale electrocatalyst design for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction through activity descriptor identification
Authors: Baek Du San , Lee Jinyoung , Lim June Sung , Joo Sang Hoon
Published: March 2021

This review overviews recent progress in activity descriptor identification and strategies for designing advanced nanocatalysts for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction.
Sonochemical synthesis of a trinuclear Cu(ii) complex with open coordination sites for the differentiable optical detection of volatile amines
Authors: Klongdee Fatima , Leelasubcharoen Somying , Youngme Sujittra , Boonmak Jaursup
Published: March 2021

A trinuclear Cu(ii) complex with open coordination sites for the differentiable optical detection of volatile amines.
Roles of ethanol and Si–OH in the aldol condensation of ethyl acetate over a Cs/SBA-15 catalyst
Authors: Tian Xiang , Tian Hengshui
Published: March 2021

The negative effect of ethanol dehydrogenation and role of Si–OH are explored in the aldol condensation of ethyl acetate.
Economic and life-cycle assessment of OME3–5 as transport fuel: a comparison of production pathways
Authors: Rodríguez-Vallejo Daniel F. , Valente Antonio , Guillén-Gosálbez Gonzalo , Chachuat Benoît
Published: March 2021

OME3–5 as an alternative transport fuel: a comprehensive environmental and economic assessment of multiple production pathways.
In situ transformation of Fe-doped Ni12P5 into low-crystallized NiFe2O4 with high-spin Fe4+ for efficient electrocatalytic water oxidation
Authors: Wang Haojie , Zhao Cuijiao , Wang Guozhong , Zhang Haimin
Published: March 2021

Ultrafine Fe-doped Ni12P5 nanoparticles anchored on cotton-derived P-doped porous carbon were synthesized, exhibiting excellent OER activity, owing to the in situ transformation of Fe-doped Ni12P5 into low-crystallized NiFe2O4 with high-spin Fe4+.
Light- and magnetic-responsive synergy controlled reconfiguration of polymer nanocomposites with shape memory assisted self-healing performance for soft robotics
Authors: Chen Yi , Zhao Xing , Li Yan , Jin Zhao-Yuan , Yang Yi , Yang Ming-Bo , Yin Bo
Published: March 2021

Stimuli-responsive intelligent biomimetic materials are promoting the development of soft robotics.
Modulating the carrier transport of PtAg2 heteronuclear complexes to attain highly efficient OLEDs with narrow-band emission
Authors: Wang Zhao-Yi , Shi Lin-Xi , Xu Liang-Jin , Zhang Li-Yi , Wang Jin-Yun , Chen Zhong-Ning
Published: March 2021

Narrow-band emission in both photoluminescence and electroluminescence was achieved for PtAg2 heteronuclear complexes with FWHM values of 25 and 31 nm, respectively.
An angiogenesis-related long noncoding RNA signature correlates with prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lei Dengliang , Chen Yue , Zhou Yang , Hu Gangli , Luo Fang
Published: March 2021

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent and lethal cancers worldwide. Neovascularization is closely related to the malignancy of tumors. We constructed a signature of angiogenesis-related long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) to predict the prognosis of patients with HCC. The lncRNA expression matrix of 424 HCC patients was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). First, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to distinguish the differentially expressed genes of the angiogenesis genes in liver cancer and adjacent tissues. Next, a signature of angiogenesis-related lncRNAs was constructed using univariate and multivariate analyses, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the accuracy. The signature and relevant clinical information were used to construct the nomogram. A 5-lncRNA signature was highly correlated with overall survival (OS) in HCC patients and performed well in evaluations using the C-index, areas under the curve, and calibration curves. In summary, the 5-lncRNA model can serve as an accurate signature to predict the prognosis of patients with liver cancer, but its mechanism of action must be further elucidated by experiments.