bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First acoustic evidence of signature whistle production by spinner dolphins (Stenella longirostris)
Authors: Rio Raul
Published: March 2023

Signature whistle (SW) is a distinctive acoustic signal, issued in a bout pattern of unique frequency modulation contour; it allows individuals belonging to a given group to recognize each other and, consequently, to maintain contact and cohesion. The current study is the first scientific evidence that spinner dolphins (Stenella longirostris) produce SWs. Acoustic data were recorded at a shallow rest bay called “Biboca”, in Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil. In total, 1,902 whistles were analyzed; 37.85% (720/1,902) of them were classified as stereotyped whistles (STW). Based on the SIGID method, 60.97% (439/720) of all STWs were identified as SWs; subsequently, they were categorized into one of 18 SW types. SWs accounted for 23.08% (439/1,902) of the acoustic repertoire. External observers have shown perfect agreement at the time to classify whistles into the adopted SW categorization. Most acoustic and temporal variables measured for SWs showed mean values similar to those recorded in other studies with spinner dolphins, whose authors did not differentiate SWs from non-SWs. Principal component analysis has explained 77.79% of total SW variance, and it emphasized the relevance of shape/contour and frequency variables to SW variance. This scientific discovery helps improving bioacoustics knowledge about the investigated species. Future studies should focus on continuous investigations about SW development and use by Stenella longirostris to help expanding individuals’ identification (Photo ID and SW Noronha Catalog), assessing long-term stability and emission rates, and making mother-offspring comparisons (sex-based differences).
Exceptional algebraic curves for infinite groups of PGL (n, ℂ)
Authors: Cano Angel , Davila Rodrigo , Loeza Luis
Published: March 2023

Note: Please see pdf for full abstract with equations.
We characterize algebraic curves in PCn−1 invariant under an infinite subgroup of PGL(n,C), n ≥ 3. More precisely, it is shown that given a one-dimensional algebraic set in PCn−1 which is invariant under an infinite subgroup of projective transformations should satisfy that each irreducible non-degenerate component is projectively equivalent to a monomial curve.
2020 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 37F99, Secondary 30F40, 20H10, 57M60.
Spike preservation: A simple method to preserve pollen viability and in vitro germination in wheat
Authors: Khan Irum , Sajjad Muhammad
Published: March 2023

Background
Wheat pollen grains have very short longevity and are non-viable after ~30 minute at room temperature and ~60 minutes at 4°C. Pollen grain viability can be preserved maximum to ~24 hrs with existing preservation methods.
Results
Herein, we developed two simple methods-anther preservation and spike preservation- to preserve the pollen grain viability in wheat. The methods were validated using viability and in vitro germination of pollen grains of 50 diverse spring wheat genotypes. Anthers and spikes were collected for anther preservation and spike preservation methods, respectively, and stored at room temperature (22°C) and fridge (4°C) for 0 and 1-week. Pollen viability were assessed using Alexander staining techniques at two storage temperatures 22°C and 4°C. In vitro germination was determined using liquid germination medium at 4°C. After 1 week, the pollen viability and in vitro germination as determined with Spike preservation method were higher as compared with those of anther preservation method at 4°C. In addition, in vitro pollen germination and pollen viability significantly reduced as storage duration increased. After 1-week, the pollen grains preserved with anther preservation method at 4°C failed to germinate.
Conclusion
The Spike preservation method is effective for preserving the pollen grain viability and in vitro germination in a large panel of wheat genotypes. This new method is instrumental to further our understanding on pollen grain viability and germination.
Barriers to contraceptive utilization and Associated Factors among Reproductive Age Women of Eritrean Refugee in North West Tigray, Ethiopia 2017: a mixed study
Authors: Gebrehiwot Solomon , Abera Gedamu , Berhe Almaz
Published: March 2023

Background: Universal access to family planning could prevent nearly one third of the estimated 300,000 maternal deaths that occur every year. Forced sex, risk-taking behaviors and exposure to high-risk situations increased among refugees. Contraceptive services have lagged behind other sexual and reproductive health services in humanitarian settings. Currently, there is a dearth of information on the use of contraceptive among refugee women in many low-income settings.
Methodology: A community based cross sectional study triangulated with qualitative data was employed from January 1 to February 1, 2017. Systematic and purposive sampling techniques were used for the quantitative and qualitative respectively. Data were collected through face to face interview for quantitative and guiding questions for the qualitative. Data was entered to Epi Info version 3.3.2 and transported to SPSS version 20.0 for analysis. Significance was declare at p-value of <0.05. Odds ratio along with 95% confidence interval was computed to ascertain the strength of association. Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic content analysis.
Result
Among the 532 respondents who experienced sex, 192(36.1%) of them were using contraceptive method. Respondents who had Radio/TV (AOR=2.207, 95% CI=1.244, 3.917), lived in urban areas (AOR=2.593, 95% CI=1.513, 4.444), had discussion with partner on reproductive goal (AOR=2.817, 95% CI=1.681, 4.721) and longer duration in camp (AOR=.4.065, 95% CI=1.845, 8.956, AOR=2.200, 95% CI=1.084, 4.466) were significant factors. Limited availability of certain contraceptives, religion, misconception, side effects and community stigma was some of reported reasons for non-use of contraceptives by focus group discussion and in-depth interview participants.
Conclusion
Contraceptive utilization in refugees was unacceptable when compared to the global and national initiatives aspired to achieve. A lot of hindering factors to access the service were identified in this study. This situation will intensify the existed maternal and child mortality dire in developing countries particularly in refugee settings.
Incidence and Etiology of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in Rwanda: A Prospective Population-Based Study
Authors: Kanyoni Maurice , Wikmar Lena Nilsson , Philips Joliana , Joseph Conran ,   David K Tumusiime1
Published: March 2023

Study Design: A prospective, open-ended, cohort study design.
Objectives: To determine the incidence, etiology and injury characteristics of traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) in Rwanda.
Setting: All referral hospitals within the Republic of Rwanda.
Methods: All survivors of acute TSCI who met the inclusion criteria were prospectively recruited for a one-year period. The International Spinal Cord Injury Core Data Set was used to collect the minimum set of variables to facilitate worldwide comparison of epidemiological data, while the International Standards for the Neurological Classification was used to categorise TSCI according to the American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (ASIA). Data were collected by trained physiotherapists.
Results: Overall, 122 adult individuals sustained a TSCI between 10 October 2019 until 9 October 2020 and all consented to take part in the study. The male-to-female ratio was 3.9:1, and the mean age was 42.5 (SD = ± 14.8) years. The crude incidence rate of TSCI was 22.2 per million people (95% CI:18.4–26.5) with significant differences in sex-adjusted rates for all age groups while men 46 years of age and older presented with the highest incidence. The leading causes of TSCI were falls (73.8%), followed by road traffic accidents (18.9%). Moreover, SCI lesions of the cervical region (n = 69) were the most common, followed by the lumbosacral region (n = 27). Fifty-one (41.8%) participants were diagnosed as complete injury, i.e., ASIA A, while incomplete injury category C constituted 35 (28.7%).
Conclusion: The incidence and aetiology of TSCI in Rwanda are comparable to worldwide estimates and figures. Largely, the aetiology of TSCI are preventable as it is caused due to falls and road traffic accidents. Regardless of strict measures in place to prevent road traffic accidents in Rwanda, for example heavy penalties for drunk driving, speed limit governors, speed limit camera and many others, there is need to consider preventive strategies and policies on activities that predispose people to falls. Policies should focus largely on occupational health and safety in both formal and informal sectors or work.
Effects of flexor reflex stimulation on gait aspects in stroke patients. A pilot study
Authors: Sehle Aida , Salzmann Christian , Liepert Joachim
Published: March 2023

Background
Gait deficits are very common after stroke and therefore an important aspect in poststroke rehabilitation. A currently little used method in gait rehabilitation after stroke is the activation of the flexor reflex (FR) by electrical stimulation of the sole of foot while walking. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of FR stimulation on gait performance and gait parameters in stroke patients within a single session of flexor reflex stimulation using Incedo™.
Methods
Twenty-five patients with subacute (n = 14) and chronic (n = 11) stroke participated in the study. Motor functions were tested with a 10-meter walk test (10mWT), a 2-minute walk test (2minWT), and a gait analysis. These tests were performed with and without Incedo™ within a single session in randomized order.
Results
This study showed that stroke patients walked significant faster in 10mWT and a longer distance in 2minWT with Incedo™ compared to without electrostimulation (p < 0.03). The gait parameters remained unchanged except for the step length. A subgroup analysis indicated that subacute and chronic patients responded similarly to the stimulation. There was a correlation between the degree of response to electrostimulation while walking and degree of improvement in 2minWT (r = 0.50, p = 0.01).
Conclusions
This study is the first to examine FR activation effects in chronic stroke patients und suggests that stimulation effects are independent of the time since stroke. A larger controlled clinical trial is warranted that addresses issues as the necessary number of therapeutical sessions and for how long stimulation-induced improvements outlast the treatment period.
Trial registration:
The trial was retrospectively registered in German Clinical Trials Register. Clinical trial registration number: DRKS00021457. Date of registration: 29 June 2020.
Examining Learning Enjoyment, Presence, and Achievement Using a Virtual Reality Pathology Laboratory by Applying the CAMIL Model in Health Education
Authors: Rassy Regania Pasca , Mokmin Nur Azlina Mohamed , Apandi Nur Effatul Fairuz Zainal
Published: March 2023

It should come as no surprise that in the current digital world, schools are beginning to offer lessons that include technology in teaching and learning. Immersive technology is now being created and applied in several industries, most notably education. The majority of such tools are used in scientific and health education. This technology feels even more distinctive because of the beauty of the virtual environment that can interact with people in real time. However, there is still minimal research on the effectiveness of technology in teaching and learning the subject of pathology. Thus, this study investigated how well students learned, were present, and performed while utilizing virtual reality (VR) technology in learning about cells. This study employed a mixed-method sequential explanatory approach. The research tools included an open-ended inquiry and a questionnaire with a demographic form, as well as pre- and post-tests. The results showed that most students enjoyed learning biology using the VR laboratory, and their experience of enjoyment was at levels 1 (activity-specific) and 2 (situation-specific). Additionally, it was discovered that when students learn using VR technology, there is a high association between presence and satisfaction. Learning attainment outcomes are also improved. This indicates that there is an interaction between learning fun and success.
Micromirror Arrays as Optical Phase Modulators for Free-Space Beam Steering
Authors: Mohammad Tarek
Published: March 2023

Generally, a group of sub-micron or nanometer sized optical phase shifters or modulators are used in an optical phased array (OPA) based scanner so as to selectively perturb wavefronts of outgoing laser beams. Similar to the concept of light propagation through a prism, an array of phase shifters is responsible for linearly delaying or advancing the propagating light waves. Optical phased array (OPA) systems have become an emerging technology for many applications due to the compact designs that eliminate the need for robust physical moving parts, leading to their fast response, high reliability, and low power requirements. Micromirror based OPA systems are fundamentally different than the conventional micromirror arrays that were being developed for numerous applications such as spectroscopy, digital light processing projectors, laser communication, and confocal microscopy. Those micromirror arrays provide significantly different motion types, actuation strokes, and operating speeds, due to the distinct task requirements by their target applications. Most of the previously designed conventional micromirror arrays are not suitable for high-speed laser beam steering at wide field of view due to either the large mirror sizes or the large array pitch sizes. MEMS based OPA systems generally demand narrow and tightly spaced suspended microstructures with high-aspect-ratio in lateral dimensions, rendering some significant challenges in the system design, fabrication, and integration. In addition, the scanners are required to generate hundreds to thousands of scan points along a far-field scan line which results in a large number of phase shifters in the arrays and high complexity in control.
Real-time big data analysis systems resulting from the Internet of Things (IoT)
Authors: A.Makarem Mohammed , A.Razaz Muneef
Published: March 2023

With the development of advanced telecommunications, the widespread availability of high-speed networks, smartphones, and smart devices, the term "Internet of Things" (IoT) has emerged along with the importance of data generated by it. This importance has increased significantly with the notable increase in the quantity of data, now commonly referred to as "big data". Various studies have emerged that seek to utilize IoT data to drive development in various fields, thus necessitating frameworks that combine big data technologies and IoT services. One of the challenges of dealing with IoT data is its fast flow and the need to collect and process it in real-time. Suitable big data frameworks have been studied to address this challenge. This research compared the Hadoop and Spark systems to select the most appropriate framework for IoT data that meets the requirements for fast flow and analysis, as well as ease of use. The results showed that Spark outperforms Hadoop, particularly in its ability to enable real-time data analysis, speed of processing, and efficient memory usage.
Mitochondrial Genetic Variants Associated with Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia in a Japanese Population
Authors: Tachi Ryobu , Ohi Kazutaka , Nishizawa Daisuke , Soda Midori , Fujikane Daisuke , Hasegawa Junko , Kuramitsu Ayumi , Takai Kentaro , Muto Yukimasa , Sugiyama Shunsuke , Kitaichi Kiyoyuki , Hashimoto Ryota , Ikeda Kazutaka , Shioiri Toshiki
Published: March 2023

Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are genetic psychotic disorders (PSY) with maternal inheritance. Some studies have investigated whether genetic variants in the mitochondrial chromosome are associated with BD and SZ. However, the genetic variants identified as being associated are not identical among studies, and the participants were limited to individuals of European ancestry. Here, we investigate associations of genome-wide genetic variants in the mitochondrial chromosome with BD, SZ, and PSY in a Japanese population.
Methods: After performing quality control for individuals and genetic variants, we investigated whether mitochondrial genetic variants [minor allele frequency (MAF)>0.01, n=45 variants) are associated with BD, SZ, and PSY in 420 Japanese individuals consisting of patients with BD (n=51), patients with SZ (n=172), and healthy controls (HCs, n=197).
Results: Five mitochondrial genetic variants (rs111033358, rs200165736, rs200478835, rs200044200, and rs28359178), two genetic variants (rs199713564 and rs200478835), and five genetic variants (rs199713564, rs200999343, rs200478835, rs28359178, and rs201250154) appeared to be associated with BD, SZ and PSY, respectively (Puncorr<0.05). Of these variants, three (rs200478835, rs200044200 and rs28359178 on or near NADH dehydrogenase) and one (rs200478835) were significantly associated with BD and PSY, respectively, even after correcting for multiple comparisons (PGC=0.045–4.9×10-3). In particular, individuals with the minor G-allele of rs200044200, a missense variant, were only observed among patients with BD (MAF=0.059) but not HCs (MAF=0) (odds ratio=∞). Three patients commonly had neuropsychiatric family histories.
Conclusions: We suggest that mitochondrial genetic variants in NADH dehydrogenase-related genes may contribute to the pathogenesis of BD and PSY in the Japanese population through dysfunction of energy production.
Investigating the impact of key tumor markers to predict and reduction of lymphoma cancer diagnosis duration with a data mining approach
Authors: Ghorbian Mohsen
Published: March 2023

Various data mining techniques are available today, resulting in different results with varying precisions; therefore, selecting the appropriate methodology can result in a more complete and accurate data analysis. Hence, there are several ways to evaluate the effectiveness of data mining techniques. Choosing the appropriate data mining techniques depends on the type of data on which they will be implemented. When it comes to using data, data in every field has its significance. However, data plays a more significant aspect in specific fields, such as healthcare and data collection for caners. Using data mining techniques to analyze sensitive data like cancers can be challenging if the available information is incomplete, which can significantly impact the results. When working with the information of people with lymphoma cancer, the frequency of factors causing the disease and the lack of information are significant challenges. Lymphoma cancers can be classified as either Hodgkin's disease or non-Hodgkin's disease, which are common cancers. In this research, the criterion for selecting factors tumor markers is the presence of commonality between two types of lymphoma cancer. Five tumor markers, CD3, CD15, CD20, CD30, and LCA, along with the type of lymphoma cancer and the patient's gender, were selected as the variables of this research. Hence, to evaluate two data mining techniques, the Bayesian Networks (Naive Bayes), and the decision tree, we will apply the criteria of accuracy, sensitivity, f-score, and error ratio. However, to determine whether lymphoma cancer diagnosis factors have a positive impact, a 90% confidence interval and a 65% support value have been selected to take into account the highest level of accuracy when determining which factor is effective in diagnosing lymphoma cancer. Based on the implementation of techniques and evaluations, it was determined that the decision tree technique outperformed the Bayesian Networks (Naive Bayes) technique with an accuracy of 82.66%, a sensitivity of 94.98%, a harmonic mean of 85.36%, and an error ratio of 17.33%.Our research also concluded that the presence of CD3 and CD15 positive tumor markers, .also the gender of the individual, do not play a role in the diagnosis of lymphoma cancer. However, CD20 and LCA tumor markers can be effective in diagnosing non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, while CD30 tumor markers can be effective in diagnosing Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Case report：Septic shock after endometrial polypectomy with tissue removal system
Authors: Su Danna , She Jiajie , Li Ying , Guo Yan , Yang Yajie , Tan Qiao , Wang Liping , Diao Ruiying
Published: March 2023

As an emerging surgical technology, tissue removal systems have been widely used in the treatment of endometrial polyps due to its characteristics of less endometrial damage, shorter learning curve and clearer vision of the operative field. There are few cases in the literature reporting serious complications after endometrial polypectomy using tissue removal systems. As known, septic shock is a rare complication following hysteroscopic polypectomy. Now, we present the case of a 23-year-old woman who developed septic shock after polypectomy with tissue removal system. The patient had a history of recurrent vaginitis for more than half a year. Due to EPs, she was admitted to our hospital and scheduled to undergo hysteroscopic endometrial polypectomy. Three hours after the endometrial polypectomy using the tissue removal system, the patient had shock symptoms such as increased body temperature, decreased blood pressure and increased heart rate. Then, the patient was successfully treated and discharged after anti-infection and anti-shock treatments. The purpose of this case report is to remind clinicians to consider the possibility of serious infection and comprehensively evaluate the risk of infection before choosing hysteroscopic devices for EPs, especially for patients who choose the mechanical hysteroscopic tissue removal systems. Furthermore, the mechanical hysteroscopic tissue removal systems should be used with caution in patients with previous recurrent vaginitis.
Comparison of adjuvant nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine, S-1 and gemcitabine chemotherapy for resectable pancreatic cancer: a real-world study
Authors: Li Haorui , Guo Yu , Sun Xugang , Lu Yang , Chang Shaofei , Wang Xiuchao , Gao Song , Ma Weidong , Wang Jian , Gao Chuntao , Zhao Tiansuo
Published: March 2023

Purpose
The survival advantages of adjuvant AG (nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine) or S-1 chemotherapy compared with GEM (gemcitabine) chemotherapy for resectable pancreatic cancer have been confirmed by the APACT study in 2019 and the JASPAC01 trial in 2016 respectively. However, the evidence about the effectiveness of AG or S-1 in real-world clinical practice is not sufficient.
Methods
Our study included 246 pancreatic cancer patients who underwent surgical treatment and received postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with AG, S-1, or GEM scheme at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital from June 2015 to July 2021. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). In general, 246 patients were included, of whom 54(22%) received adjuvant AG, 103(41%) received adjuvant S-1, and 89(37%) received adjuvant GEM.
Results
Adjuvant S-1 was related to a prolonged OS compared to GEM (median OS S-1 vs GEM: 27.0 vs 20.0 months; HR: 0.65, P = .016) and a significantly prolonged RFS compared to GEM (median RFS S-1 vs GEM: 20.0 vs 8.2 months; HR: 0.58, P = .002). After adjusting for known prognostic factors in multivariate Cox regression analysis, this survival benefit persists and is consistent in most subgroups in our subgroup analysis. However, no statistically significant differences in OS or RFS were seen between the patients treated with AG and patients treated with GEM.
Conclusion
To conclude, this real-world study demonstrated that S-1 chemotherapy is associated with superior survival compared to GEM chemotherapy, while the survival advantage of AG chemotherapy compared to GEM chemotherapy remains to be further studied.
Comprehensive characterization of pyroptosis reveals novel molecular typing of biliary atresia as well as contributes to precise treatment
Authors: Li Tengfei , Zheng Qipeng , Wang Xueting , Yang Qianhui , Li Mengdi , Xu Xiaodan , Zhao Yilin , Zhao Fangyuan , Zhang Ruifeng , Wang Zhiru , Sun Rongjuan , Liu Shaowen , Musha Jiayinaxi , Zhang Yanran , Zhan Jianghua
Published: March 2023

Background: Biliary Atresia (BA) is a devastating pediatric cholangiopathy affecting the bile ducts of the liver. Current research has found a variety of causes for BA, with inflammation and fibrosis is more studied. However, these etiological mechanisms are not present in all patients. Pyroptosis has been increasingly appreciated as a programmed cell death process but is less studied in BA. We have re-classified BA by integrating gene microarray data and scRNA-seq data to support individualized clinical treatment and mechanistic studies.
Methods: The BA microarray dataset GSE122340 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. GSE46960 and GSE15235 and sequencing data of identical twins as validation cohorts. Through retrospective analysis, 17 differential pyroptosis genes (DEPRGs) were used for typing research. An effective method for identifying BA typing through machine learning algorithms. Subsequently, we performed drug prediction for the pyroptosis subtype to enable individualized treatment. Pyroptosis-score was constructed and combined with scRNA-seq datasets to reveal immune cells and pathways activated during pyroptosis.
Results: Two novel subtypes of pyroptosis were identified. The C1 subtype shows activation of pyroptosis, enhanced inflammatory response, and increased infiltration of monocytes and neutrophils. The C2 subtype exhibits cell cycle activation, low pyroptosis, and a milder inflammatory response. Macrophage pyroptosis may promote the infiltration of more immune cells and the release of inflammatory factors, further aggravating the occurrence of hepatic pyroptosis, which in turn leads to a poorer prognosis in inflammatory BA.
Conclusion: In summary, we have defined two novel subtypes of pyroptosis and offered the possibility of identifying them and individualizing treatment. The role of macrophages, neutrophils, and plasma cells in the pyroptosis process of BA is worthy of further study.
The relationship between learning style and critical thinking based on learning modes
Authors: Yang Luning , Xu Yangting , Hu Yiqun , Wang Lu , Han Yang , Luo Ziqiang
Published: March 2023

Objective: This study is dedicated to uncovering the relationship between critical thinking (CT) and learning styles and the level of each learning mode, as a way of proposing a predictive model of CT that relies on the learning mode.
Methods: In this study, 187 students from Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University were surveyed between 24 February and 7 March 2022. The questionnaire consisted of three parts: demographic characteristics, the Chinese version of the California Critical Thinking Skills Questionnaire (CTDI-CV) and the Kolb Learning Style Inventory (LSI).
Results: The CTDI-CV total score was positive (293.02±25.66), with the highest scores for inquisitiveness (45.09±6.19) and analyticity (43.70±5.20) and the lowest for self-confidence (39.21±6.22) and systematicity (39.41±5.26) in the seven subscales. On learning styles, there are most Assimilaters (52.9%; 293.89±25.11) and least Convergers (5.9%; 301.66±20.99), with having better CT than Divergers (20.9%; 286.08±27.58) and Accommodaters (20.3%; 279.91±26.26). The differences in CT-related indicators across learning modes were statistically significant (P<0.05), with CE and RO negatively affecting CT(r<0) and AC positively(r>0). Linear regression models for CT scores based on learning modes were constructed.
Conclusion: As a result of our findings, CT and learning modes, the basis of learning styles, were quantified and their relationship was described. These results inform medical education reform, particularly with respect to teaching and assessment systems around improving CT.
Stability of fructooligosaccharides in convectively dried fruits after initial osmoconcentration
Authors: Łuczak Patrycja , Klewicki Robert , Klewicka Elżbieta
Published: March 2023

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of temperature and time of convective drying on the content of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) in apples, plums and strawberries to which FOS had been introduced by osmoconcentration. The share of oligosaccharides in total sugars was analyzed. In apple tissue, fructooligosaccharides were stable in the temperature range 40–80°C during drying for up to 8 h. Convective drying of osmotically dehydrated strawberries caused FOS losses; the FOS retention after 8 hours at 80°C was 40%. In the case of plums, 40% retention was recorded after just two hours at 80°C. Therefore, in the case of some fruits, obtaining a satisfactory level of fructooligosaccharides in the dried material with the assumed level of dry substance requires the determination of appropriate process parameters.
Design of Piezoelectric Transducer for Automobile Seat Belt Locking System
Authors: S Koushik Nimish , Likhitha S
Published: March 2023

The seatbelt locking system is an important part in the automotive electronics domain. Seat belt should get locked when a sudden deceleration takes place. Seatbelt was designed for providing safety for the passengers but in the conventional seatbelt locking system ball and hinge arrangement is used while when the vehicle undergoes sudden deceleration the ball due to its inertia continuous to be in motion, while this movement it makes the hinge to get locked to the gear thus stopping the movement of seatbelt. It had the disadvantage that the seatbelt would lock permanently and detaching the seatbelt was not possible resulting in cutting the webbing, later the seatbelt locking system was designed based on the speed the seatbelt was moving, faster the rate of movement of seatbelt the seatbelt would get locked. Using the battery supply as source the electronic locking mechanism is also been used in locking it. Here in this project we are using a piezoelectric material and an insulating layer to design the seatbelt piezo sensor and use this electrical energy used in locking the seatbelt.
Age and Race/Ethnicity Differences in Decisional Conflict in Women Diagnosed with Ductal Carcinoma In Situ
Authors: Portugal Cecilia , Farias Albert J. , Estrada Erika L. , Kawatkar Aniket A.
Published: March 2023

Purpose:
Women diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) face confusion and uncertainty about treatment options. The objective of this study was to determine whether there are differences in decisional conflict about treatment by age and race/ethnicity.
Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted of women (age ≥ 18) diagnosed with DCIS enrolled at Kaiser Permanente of Southern California. The Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS) measured personal perceptions of decision uncertainty, values clarity, and effective decision-making. We used a multivariable regression to study whether age, race, and ethnicity were associated with patient-reported DCS.
Results:
Forty-five percent (N = 1395) of women who received the online survey, participated. The mean age was 56 (± 9.6) years, the majority were white. Compared to women younger than 50, women aged 60–69 reported lower overall DCS scores (-5.4; 95% CI -1.5 to -9.3). Women > 70 had lower values clarity scores (-9.0; 95% CI -2.8 to -15.2) about their treatment compared to women aged 50–59 and 60–69 (-7.1; 95% CI -2.9 to -11.3 and − 7.2; 95% CI -2.9 to -11.5) and likewise, lower effective decision-making scores (-5.4; 95% CI -1.7 to -9.2 and − 5.2; 95% CI -1.4 to -9.0) compared to women < 50. Compared to whites, blacks reported lower decision conflict (-4.4; 95% CI 0.04 to -8.8) and lower informed decision (-5.2; 95% CI -0.18 to -10.3) about DCIS treatment.
Conclusion:
Younger women reported higher decisional conflict about DCIS treatment, compared to older women (> 70). Age based tailored discussions about treatment options, health education, and supportive decision-making interventions/tools may reduce decision conflict in future DCIS patients.
From medical strategy to food-borne prophylactic strategy: stabilizing dental collagen with aloin
Authors: jia Chongzhi , Li Hua , Yang Zhongliang , Xu Rongchen , Wang Lijun , Li Hongbo
Published: March 2023

Objectives: We developed a food-borne prophylactic strategy with aloin to protect dental collagen through enhancing the mechanical strength, thermostability, and the resistance to enzymatic hydrolysis of dental collagen. The mechanism and effect of this food-borne prophylactic strategy were examined.
Methods: Aloin solution (0.1 mg/mL) was prepared. The concentration is equivalent to the natural content of aloin in edible aloe. Attenuated total reflectance flourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Gaussian peak fitting, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to explore the mechanism of interaction between aloin and dental collagen in situ. Mechanical strength and thermostability were separately evaluated via Ultimate tensile strength test (UTS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Hydroxyproline (HYP), cross-linked carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP), and C-terminal crosslinked telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) were used as indicators to evaluate the resistance to enzymatic hydrolysis. Wight loss was further tested as macro-parameter to evaluate the effectiveness of aloin on dental collagen stability.
Results: Aloin can interact with dental collagen via hydrogen bonds in humid environment. The interaction shorted the intermolecular distance and enhanced the proportion of stable α-helix chain of dental collagen. Aloin-treated dental collagen exhibited improved mechanical strength, thermostability and enzymatic stability.
Conclusion: Aloin can strongly integrate with dental collagen under physiological conditions via hydrogen bonds and significantly enhance the dental collagen stability.
Clinical Relevance: The use of aloin maybe a daily, nondestructive, and low-cost strategy to protect dental collagen.
A Direct Energy and Force control (DEFC) for switched reluctance motor
Authors: youghourta kassimi
Published: March 2023

The following study is concerned with the controlling and optimization of a switch reluctance machine (SRM) efficiency by a new method proposed for control. The direct force and energy control DEFC, a new method proposed in this work, is based on the direct torque control (DTC), thus in this control, it is directly controlled the energy and the force the simultaneously. This control aims to increase the efficiency of the SR motor and reduce the torque ripple and vibration of the motor. in this work, we applied three methods of control and the proposed method for controlling the switch reluctance motor, including the one that was suggested. in order to prove the efficiency of DEFC we compare the simulation result of it with the result of DEC, DFC, and conventional DTC strategies. We deduced from the findings that the suggested technique DEFC performed better than the other ways and reduced the torque ripple to 10 percent, which enhances the performance of the SRM.
Putting The Web to Work For Women A Global Electronic Networking Structure To Support Women
Authors: Glasscook Gretchen
Published: March 2023

Women are no longer asking men if they can join the game. The Net has allowed them to route around men and start their own game.
The Examination of the Mentoring Relationship between the Head Coach and Assistant Coaches of Women's Basketball Teams
Authors: Bower Glenna G.
Published: March 2023

A number of studies have examined the decreasing number of female head coaches of women's teams. Researchers have consistently demonstrated the mentoring relationship has provided substantial benefits in helping women advance within leadership positions within the sport industry. The purpose of this study was to examine the mentoring relationship between the head coach and female assistant coach of women's basketball teams who aspire to become a head coach. More specifically, the mentoring characteristics and advancement techniques were two areas of focus. Findings suggested mentoring characteristics and advancement techniques may provide recommendations on mentoring women who aspire to become head coaches.
Empowering Future Women Leaders Through GATE: The Way Forward
Authors: Bissessar Charmaine
Published: March 2023

The underlying premise of the human capital theory in education is that higher education and training are costly but there are concomitant tangible and intangible benefits to the microcosm and macrocosm. The aforementioned theoretical underpinning of this study set the tone for this qualitative research project which encompasses informal face-to-face interviews with 61 full-time and part-time-female students at the University of the West Indies School of Business and Applied Studies Limited (trading as ROYTEC) concerning their experiences with Government Assistance for Tuition Expenses (GATE). The positive impact of GATE on each female student's life is unquestionable as her empowerment, development, and commitment are reflected in her answers to three open-ended questions. Further expenditure in higher education would be of benefit to any country seeking to improve its citizen's quality of life and standard of living.
Nine Decades Later: Idaho Women Reflect on the Meaning of the Nineteenth Amendment
Authors: Canfield-Davis Kathy , Tenuto Penny , Joki Russell , Hadley Erik
Published: March 2023

Reflecting on the 90th anniversary of the Nineteenth Amendment (ratified August, 1920), this narrative inquiry explored its significance to women in leadership positions residing in Idaho. Idaho's status as a forerunner approving suffrage underscored the foundation for the study. The researchers also wanted to investigate whether women have reached equal citizenship in aspects other than the right to vote. Findings indicate that the Nineteenth Amendment was pivotal in not only giving women a voice in governmental decisions, but also paved the way for other political and social breakthroughs. However, few participants linked passage of the Amendment with their rise to leadership. In some instances, full equality has not been achieved and gender discrimination still occurs, primarily when seeking leadership positions
American Women and the Gender Pay Gap: A Changing Demographic or the Same Old Song
Authors: Gundersen David E.
Published: March 2023

Women have made great strides in education and career opportunity selections since the passage of the Equal Pay Act in 1963. Despite these many gains, female remuneration has not kept pace. The gender pay-gap continues to exist with serious consequences for women and the families that depend on their earnings. The gap is presented and framed historically and legislation is presented that has influenced women's pay. A variety of explanations for why the gap continues are explored and debunked. The effects of the pay gap are presented and analyzed with policy initiatives offered underscoring possible solutions.
Glass Ceilings and Catfights: Career Barriers for Professional Women in Academia
Authors: Jones Stephanie J. , Palmer Elyn M.
Published: March 2023

Women continue to struggle to reach parity in the workplace, constantly hitting their heads on the glass ceiling. The inability to break through this barrier may lead women to develop covert actions to create an advantage over their competition. The existing literature on the relationships of women and men in the workplace provides some insight to the struggles that occur when one gender could be considered a professional minority. In addition, some researchers have studied the working relationships of women in the business environment, but there is a deficiency in the literature of the working relationships among women in academic organizations. The purpose of our study was to explore the challenges of female relationships in the community college workplace, as women continue to dominate these institutions as both employees and students.A psychodynamic perspective was used as the theoretical framework for the study. We sought to assess the perceptions of female professional staff in public community colleges of how women supported the career advancement of their female peers, as well as how their supervisors and departments supported the professional development of potential female leaders. The results of the mixed method study identified two areas of limitations for women within community college environments: interpersonal and institutional cultural. The results of the quantitative analysis identified that a majority of females felt their peers were supportive of the career advancement of their female colleagues. The qualitative results of the study painted a different picture, indicating that women may use covert actions to compete with and hold back their female colleagues.
Using Classroom Community to Achieve Gender Equity in Online and Face-to-Face Graduate Classes
Authors: Polnick Barbara , Ritter Carol , Fink Raymond
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the degree to which graduate students' perceptions of classroom community in their online and face-to-face classes differed based on gender. Students participating in the study were generally from urban, suburban, and rural school districts in Southwest Texas. All students (144) who were pursuing a master's degree in educational leadership using either face-to-face or online format in the fall semester, 2008 were emailed a survey. Of the 126 surveys returned (88%), 102 participants were selected for this study based on completion of data. Perceptions were measured using the Classroom Community Scale (CCS), which included three measures: Total classroom community, connectedness, and learning. Classroom community in both online and face-to-face classes was evaluated by students who were enrolled during the fall semester, 2008. It was found that after implementing classroom community elements, there were no statistically significant differences in the perceived total classroom community, connectedness, and learning of male and female students attending both face-to-face and online classes. The study also found that there were no statistically significant differences in the perceived total classroom community, connectedness, and learning of male and female students attending only online classes and for those attending only face-to-face classes. Findings suggest that by providing elements of a positive classroom community, university instructors can better meet the needs of male and female graduate students, thus eliminating any potential gender inequities in both face-to-face and online classes.
Assessment of genetic diversity based on agro-morphological traits and ISSR molecular markers in einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum) landrace populations from Turkey
Authors: ZOMMİTA Suliman , YILDIZ Gülgez Gökçe , ZENCİRCİ Nusret , ÖZBEK Özlem , ÜNÜVAR Ömer Can , ÜNLÜ Ercan Selçuk
Published: March 2023

The aim of this study is to investigate genetic diversity in 48 einkorn (Triticum monococcum L. ssp. monococcum) landraces grown in agricultural areas of Bolu and Kastamonu. Therefore, variation in seven agro-morphological traits was investigated. Agro-morphological traits such as leaf weight (mg), coleoptile length (cm), root number (n), root length (cm), fresh root weight (mg), and dry root weight (mg) were examined by the coefficient of variation, ANOVA, and principal components analysis. The highest coefficient of variation (%) was observed in fresh root weight (FRW = 52.09%), while the lowest was in leaf weight (LW = 8.9%). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was calculated as 76.93% variation in two main components. For molecular characterization, data obtained with iSSR primers were analyzed with the population genetics analysis program PopGene (ver. 1.32). According to PopGene results, the mean number of alleles, the mean number of effective alleles, and average genetic diversity values were calculated as na = 2, nea = 1.33, and h = 0.13, respectively. Among the agro-morphological traits, germination power, root number, and coleoptile length appeared to be reliable traits. The results show that the use of morphological characters alone for genetic diversity in populations is not sufficient to determine the difference between populations and their genetic structure.
On ellipticity of static equations of strain gradient elasticity and infinitesimal stability
Authors:   University of Cagliari, Eremeyev Victor А.
Published: March 2023

Within the framework of strain gradient elasticity under finite deformations we formulate the strong ellipticity conditions of equilibrium equations. Within the model a strain energy density is a function of the first and second deformation gradients. Ellipticity involves certain constraints on the tangent elastic moduli. It is also closely related to infinitesimal stability which is defined as the positive definiteness of the second variation of the potential energy functional. Here we consider the first boundary-value problem, that is with Dirichlettype boundary conditions. For one-dimensional deformations we determine necessary and sufficient conditions of infinitesimal instability. The latter constitute two inequalities for elastic moduli.
Climate change intensifies the drought vulnerability of river basins: a case of the Magat River Basin
Authors: Felipe Alvin John B. , Alejo Lanie Alejandro , Balderama Orlando F. , Rosete Elmer A.
Published: March 2023

The socioeconomic impact of climate change on the drought vulnerability of a significant agricultural river basin in the Philippines, the Magat River Basin (MRB), was assessed using the AHP-entropy approach and GIS techniques. The different indicators of drought vulnerability dimensions have been evaluated and the results of this study imply that the current drought susceptibility of MRB is at 1.9–3.39 min–max scale or from low to above moderate, where the basin's sensitivity and exposure account for 57 and 31% of the total vulnerability, respectively. And that the resulting adaptive capacity has a mitigating factor of only 12%, thereby construed to be very low. The Santa Fe and Subbasin 2 sub-watersheds are identified to be moderately susceptible to drought with an average rating of 3.1 and 3.25, respectively. Meanwhile, the average drought vulnerability rating of other subbasins is between 2.08 and 2.91, which is from a low to an approximately moderate level. The overall drought susceptibility of the basin is projected to increase due to climate change under future climate scenarios up to 30% (High) of the current level. Catalyzing effective policies and climate change governance are highly encouraged to further improve mitigation and adaptation measures.