bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kelly's Criterion in Portfolio Optimization: A Decoupled Problem
Authors: Peterson Zachariah
Published: August 2017

Kelly's Criterion is well known among gamblers and investors as a method for maximizing the returns one would expect to observe over long periods of betting or investing. These ideas are conspicuously absent from portfolio optimization problems in the financial and automation literature. This paper will show how Kelly's Criterion can be incorporated into standard portfolio optimization models. The model developed here combines risk and return into a single objective function by incorporating a risk parameter. This model is then solved for a portfolio of 10 stocks from a major stock exchange using a differential evolution algorithm. Monte Carlo calculations are used to verify the accuracy of the results obtained from differential evolution. The results show that evolutionary algorithms can be successfully applied to solve a portfolio optimization problem where returns are calculated by applying Kelly's Criterion to each of the assets in the portfolio.
CLINICAL AND RADIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CYST OF THE SEPTUM PELLUCIDUM IN ENDOSCOPICALLY TREATED PATIENTS
Authors: Kojder Klaudyna
Published: August 2017

Wstęp: Jama przegrody przeźroczystej występuje u 15% osób dorosłych i uznawana jest za wariant normy. U niektórych pacjentów dochodzi do pojawienia się zespołu objawów, który związany jest z ewolucją jamy w postać torbieli. Częstość występowania torbieli jest znacznie niższa. Patomechanizm oraz czynniki ryzyka takiej przemiany nie są dokładnie poznane. Spośród teorii powstawania torbieli współcześnie największą wagę przywiązuje się do hipotezy mechanizmu zastawkowego w przepływie płynu mózgowo-rdzeniowego. Stwierdzenie, iż jest ona prawdziwa, może być postawione tylko na podstawie bezpośredniej obserwacji, co umożliwia obecnie przyżyciowo metoda endoskopowa. Celem pracy było opisanie zespołu cech klinicznych i radiologicznych towarzyszących wypierającej torbieli przegrody przeźroczystej (WTPP). Podjęto także próbę poznania patomechanizmu powstawania WTPP oraz określenia wskazań do leczenia operacyjnego tej patologii.Materiał i metody: Grupę badanych stanowiło 27 chorych Kliniki Neurochirurgii Pomorskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Szczecinie poddanych leczeniu chirurgicznemu z powodu WTPP. U chorych oceniano objawy kliniczne i radiologiczne przed interwencją i po interwencji chirurgicznej. Analizowano również obraz śródoperacyjny z operacji endoskopowych.Wyniki: U większości badanych przed leczeniem operacyjnym występowały podobne objawy kliniczne: bóle głowy, zawroty głowy, nudności i wymioty, zaburzenia wyższych czynności nerwowych, zaburzenia widzenia. Po leczeniu operacyjnym stwierdzano ustąpienie dolegliwości w większości przypadków, co dowodzi związku przyczynowego występowania WTPP z wymienionymi objawami. Zauważono również znaczące różnice w pomiarach radiologicznych przed zabiegiem i po zabiegu, co pozwoliło na wyznaczenie kliniczno-radiologicznych kryteriów rozpoznania WTPP, natomiast przyżyciowe obserwacje śródoperacyjne umożliwiły potwierdzenie mechanizmu napełniania się torbieli.Wnioski: Uzyskane wyniki badań pozwoliły na udowodnienie hipotezy mechanizmu zastawkowego jako głównego czynnika powodującego powstawanie objawów u chorych z WTPP oraz na określenie składowych zespołu WTPP. Potwierdziły one zasadność wyboru leczenia chirurgicznego za pomocą endoskopu. Ponadto zmiany geometrii struktur centralnego układu nerwowego zaobserwowane podczas analizy obrazów radiologicznych przed zabiegami i po zabiegach chirurgicznych czynią zasadnymi dalsze badania nad dynamiką tego obszaru u chorych z WTPP.
THE USE OF INTERMITTENT NORMOBARIC HYPOXIA IN CHILDREN'S NEUROLOGY (REVIEW)
Authors: Lisukha Lyubov
Published: August 2017

The present review summarizes the data about the use of intermittent normobaric hypoxia (INH) in the treatment and prevention of both acute and chronic diseases of the nervous system in children. The INH method is used in pregnant women with fetoplacental insufficiency, anemia and for mental disorders correction. The INH efficiency in relation to such pathology as cerebral palsy, epilepsy, enuresis, sleep disturbances, autonomic dysfunction is proved. The age dependence of bioelectric activity of the brain in practically healthy persons (age from 8 to 21 years) on hypoxic factor and the most sensitive period of age from 13 to 16 years is shown. The results the own studies have shown that the children which are born and live in radioactive contaminated areas (RCA), the course of INH sessions led to the restoration of somatovegetative status: activation of higher vegetative centers, optimization of sympathetic and parasympathetic links; positive influence on the activity of the cardiovascular system; ventilatory capacity of lungs; blood parameters.
Sediment Phosphorus Flux at Lake Tenkiller, Oklahoma: How Important Are Internal Sources?
Authors: Lasater A. L. , Haggard B. E.
Published: August 2017

Core Ideas

Sediment P release needs to be measured in lakes and reservoirs that are eutrophic.

Sediment P release data is essential for calibrating lake and reservoir models used in a TMDL.

Sediment P release at Lake Tenkiller was very high relative to that predicted by the model.

Sediment P release was also very high relative to that observed in regional reservoirs.

Internal P sources need to be addressed in watershed management strategies.

Watershed management for lakes and reservoirs largely focuses on external sources, but internal sources, such as sediment P release, can be important. This study quantified sediment P release in Lake Tenkiller, Oklahoma, in summer 2016. Eight intact sediment–water cores were collected from the riverine and transition zone and then incubated at 22°C for 8 d under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Phosphorus mass in the overlying water of all cores increased with time, and the rate of increase was significantly greater under anaerobic conditions. Sediment P release was reflective of eutrophic and hypereutrophic conditions, measuring up to 15.2 mg m−2 d−1. Sediment P fluxes were four to five times greater than the net flux predicted by the model of Lake Tenkiller, suggesting that internal P sources need to be considered in the total maximum daily load process.
Persistence of Resistance Alleles 1781, 2041, and 2078 in the Absence of Herbicide Selection
Authors: Saini Rupinder Kaur , Malone Jenna , Preston Christopher , Gill Gurjeet
Published: August 2017

Core Ideas

This research investigated whether a fitness penalty exists for three known mutations (Leu‐1781, Asn‐2041, and Gly‐2078) in clethodim‐resistant rigid ryegrass populations under wheat competition.

The results revealed that in the absence of herbicide selection, no fitness cost was associated with Leu‐1781 and Asn‐2041 alleles, but Gly‐2078 alleles increased in frequency.

The absence of fitness penalties associated with these resistant alleles suggests their frequency will not decrease over time in the absence of clethodim use.

In Australia, over‐reliance on clethodim has resulted in the evolution of clethodim resistance in rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaudin) populations. Many of these resistant populations contain amino acid modifications in acetyl co‐enzyme A carboxylase (ACCase), the target‐site for this herbicide. This study was conducted to determine whether a fitness penalty exists for three known mutations (Leu‐1781, Asn‐2041, and Gly‐2078) in clethodim‐resistant populations in the absence of herbicide selection pressure and presence of crop competition. In 2014, F2 seedlings of three clethodim‐resistant rigid ryegrass populations were planted in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop under two densities (100 and 200 plants m−2). Sequencing of all individuals of each rigid ryegrass population was done to establish the initial frequency of each allele (no mutation, Leu‐1781, Asn‐2041, and Gly‐2078). The F2 plants were allowed to set seed and seeds were collected at the end of the season. In 2015, seedlings established from seed collected in 2014 were grown, and the sequence of ACCase gene examined to determine the change in frequency of each resistant allele. The results showed that there was no significant change in the frequency of Leu‐1781, and Asn‐2041 alleles in rigid ryegrass populations over one generation in the absence of clethodim use. However, Gly‐2078 increase was identified in three populations, even under different competition levels. The absence of fitness penalties associated with these resistant alleles suggests that their frequency will not decrease over time in the absence of clethodim use.
Adapting the nitrogen replacement approach to dryland spring wheat in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Long Dan , McCallum John , Reardon Catherine , Engel Richard
Published: August 2017

The objective of this article is to summarize results of a study conducted in eastern Oregon to define the critical protein levels for dark northern spring and soft white spring wheats and their fertilizer nitrogen equivalent values. Earn 1 CEU in Nutrient Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/494.
Evaluation of Phosphorus Site Assessment Tools: Lessons from the USA
Authors: Sharpley Andrew , Kleinman Peter , Baffaut Claire , Beegle Doug , Bolster Carl , Collick Amy , Easton Zachary , Lory John , Nelson Nathan , Osmond Deanna , Radcliffe David , Veith Tamie , Weld Jennifer
Published: August 2017

Critical source area identification through phosphorus (P) site assessment is a fundamental part of modern nutrient management planning in the United States, yet there has been only sparse testing of the many versions of the P Index that now exist. Each P site assessment tool was developed to be applicable across a range of field conditions found in a given geographic area, making evaluation extremely difficult. In general, evaluation with in‐field monitoring data has been limited, focusing primarily on corroborating manure and fertilizer “source” factors. Thus, a multiregional effort (Chesapeake Bay, Heartland, and Southern States) was undertaken to evaluate P Indices using a combination of limited field data, as well as output from simulation models (i.e., Agricultural Policy Environmental eXtender, Annual P Loss Estimator, Soil and Water Assessment Tool [SWAT], and Texas Best Management Practice Evaluation Tool [TBET]) to compare against P Index ratings. These comparisons show promise for advancing the weighting and formulation of qualitative P Index components but require careful vetting of the simulation models. Differences among regional conclusions highlight model strengths and weaknesses. For example, the Southern States region found that, although models could simulate the effects of nutrient management on P runoff, they often more accurately predicted hydrology than total P loads. Furthermore, SWAT and TBET overpredicted particulate P and underpredicted dissolved P, resulting in correct total P predictions but for the wrong reasons. Experience in the United States supports expanded regional approaches to P site assessment, assuming closely coordinated efforts that engage science, policy, and implementation communities, but limited scientific validity exists for uniform national P site assessment tools at the present time.

Core Ideas

Concern over the accuracy of P Indices has led to calls for their evaluation.

Insufficient field data exist to evaluate P site assessment tools comprehensively.

Researchers can use nonpoint source models as surrogates to field data if vetted first.

There is no scientific justification for a single national P Index.
Natural and Enhanced Attenuation of Explosives on a Hand Grenade Range
Authors: Borden Robert C. , Won Jongho , Yuncu Bilgen
Published: August 2017

2,4,6‐Trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine (Royal Demolition Explosive, or RDX) deposited on hand grenade training ranges can leach through the soil and impact shallow groundwater. A 27‐mo field monitoring project was conducted to evaluate the transport and attenuation of high explosives in variably saturated soils at an active grenade range located at Fort Bragg, NC. Two approaches were evaluated: (i) natural attenuation in grenade Bay C; and (ii) enhanced attenuation in Grenade Bay T. There was no evidence of TNT accumulation or leaching in surface soils or pore water in either bay, consistent with parallel laboratory studies showing aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation of TNT. In the untreated Bay C, the low saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) combined with high rainfall and warm summer temperatures resulted in reducing conditions (low oxidation–reduction potential), an increase in dissolved Mn, and a rapid decline in nitrate and RDX. In Bay T, the somewhat greater Ksat and lower soil organic C level resulted in more oxidizing conditions with greater RDX leaching. A single‐spray application of glycerin and lignosulfonate to the soil surface in Bay T was effective in generating reducing conditions and stimulating RDX biodegradation for ∼1 yr.

Core Ideas

There was no evidence of TNT accumulation or leaching.

Large spatial variations in drainage rates occurred due to grenade detonation craters.

Small differences in soil properties generated important differences in redox conditions.

RDX was depleted when soil Eh declined.

Amendment addition generated reducing conditions, stimulating RDX biodegradation.
Potential of white-rot fungi for bioremediation
Authors: Silva Ronivaldo Rodrigues da
Published: August 2017

Environmental applications of enzymes in biodegradation for preventing pollution by toxic byproducts warrants approaches that can be performed under mild conditions, are economically feasible and can replace the use of chemicals. Technologies involving physico-chemical methods, like incineration, dechlorination and UV oxidation, for waste treatment are not acceptable since they generate a lot of pollutants as by-products. To address these problems, environmental–friendly alternatives are required for bioremediation. In this context, fungal enzymes have emerged as a natural tool to detoxification of pollutants in environment, and the potential to convert toxic substances to less hazardous or non-hazardous forms. However, what are the effective advances by using white-rot fungi for bioremediation? Here, a brief discussion about the application of these fungi to detoxification of pollutants in environment has been considered.
Pemberdayaan Guru RA Kota Salatiga dan Kabupaten Semarang untuk Meningkatkan Mutu Pembelajaran
Authors: Hidayatulloh M. Agung , Anis Urifatun
Published: August 2017

Some teachers of Islamic Kindergarten (RA) in Salatiga and Semarang District realize that there is still little absorbed information related to the preparation of instructional media. Even so, not many of them have high motivation to take a reflective action such as implementing a Classroom Action Research. This service activity that in the form of training of creating educative props (APE) and training on preparing the design of PTK aims to facilitate the teachers to achieve pedagogical and professional competence as well as achieve quality learning. The results show that both the preparation of media and the design of PTK will be more focused if using a reference; in this case the base is six child development scopes as set forth in Permendikbud No. 137 of 2014 on National Education Standards of Early Childhood.
Penguatan Kompetensi Guru Matematika dalam Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Animasi Berbasis Komputer
Authors: Siswanah Emy
Published: August 2017

The role of learning media, especially animation media, is very important in learning mathematics especially to explain abstract problem become concrete, motivate student, stimulate student learning activity, help effectiveness of learning process. Community service activities are aimed at making teachers able to create self-directed learning media. By making their own, the teacher can increase his insight and improve his creativity in creating animation media. In this training, teachers are trained to make animation media using powerpoint and flash. Subjects assisted in this devotional activity are math teachers in Semarang City. The math teachers showed great enthusiasm in training and felt the tangible benefits of community service. Teachers can create their own animated learning media, using either powerpoint or flash.
Preparation and Physical Performance of Green Poly(L-lactic acid) Composition by Blending with Starch
Authors: Cai Yan-Hua , Zheng Qian , Guo Wen-Jiang
Published: August 2017

Objective:

To develop more green polymer composites and further know the performance of green composites, the composites based on green poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and starch were fabricated by a counter-rotating mixer. And effect of starch on the fluidity and nucleating performance of PLLA was investigated using melt index instrument, optical depolarizer and wide angle X-ray diffraction instrument, respectively.

Method and Conclusion:

The fluidity of PLLA/starch composites showed that, compared to the neat PLLA, the addition of starch made the fluidity of PLLA increase significantly and the melt mass flow rate of PLLA/5%starch sample had the maximum value 13.36 g/10min. In addition, the introduction of starch could also increase the crystallization rate of PLLA through isothermal crystallization measurement and x-ray diffraction analysis, the maximum value of crystallization rate of PLLA/starch composites appeared in low crystallization temperature zone, and 10 wt% starch could make the t1/2 of PLLA decrease from 3999.4s to 421.4s.
Non-invasive Raman Spectroscopy and Quantitative Real-Time PCR Distinguish Among Undifferentiated Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Redifferentiated Nucleus Pulposus Cells and Chondrocytes In Vitro
Authors: Ehlicke Franziska , Köster Natascha , Salzig Denise , Czermak Peter
Published: August 2017

Background:

The most common cause of lower back pain is the pathological degeneration of the nucleus pulposus (NP). Promising NP regeneration strategies involving human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) would require specific markers to confirm successful differentiation into the NP lineage and to distinguish the articular cartilage (AC).

Objective:

We sought specific NP mRNA markers that are upregulated in native NP cells but not in dedifferentiated NP cells, undifferentiated hMSCs or chondrocytes. We also considered the suitability of non-invasive Raman spectroscopy to distinguish among these classes of cells.

Method:

We used quantitative real-time PCR and Raman spectroscopy to analyse undifferentiated hMSCs in monolayers and embedded in hydrogels, and compared the results with dedifferentiated and redifferentiated human NP and AC cells.

Results:

The redifferentiation of NP cells induced the expression of annexin A3 (ANXA3), collagen type II (COL2) and proteoglycan mRNAs, whereas the redifferentiation of AC cells only induced proteoglycan expression. Redifferentiated NP cells expressed higher levels ofANXA3,COL2, paired box 1 (PAX1) andOCT4mRNA than redifferentiated AC cells. Redifferentiated NP cells and undifferentiated hMSC-TERT cells expressed similar amount ofOCT4mRNA, indicating that onlyANXA3,COL2andPAX1are promising markers for redifferentiated NP cells. Raman spectra clearly differed among the three cell types and highlighted their differentiation status.

Conclusion:

We recommendANXA3,COL2andPAX1as markers to determine the success of hMSC-based differentiation to regenerate NP cells. Raman spectroscopy can be used to determine cell type and differentiation status especially in the context of clinical trials.
Study on Temperature Measurement Point Optimization and Thermal Error Modeling of NC Machine Tools
Authors: Fan Shuo , Guo Qianjian
Published: August 2017

Background:

In precision machining, thermal error is the main source of machine tool error. And thermal error compensation is an effective method to reduce thermal error.

Objective:

In order to improve the prediction accuracy and computational efficiency of thermal error model, a new optimization method used for the selection of temperature measurement point is proposed.

Method:

This method is based on stepwise regression. According to the results of partial-F statistic, new variable is selected one by one, unapparent variables are deleted, and optimization selection of temperature measurement point is fulfilled, thermal error model of the NC machine tool is presented.

Result:

The new modeling method was used on NC machine tool, which reduced the temperature point number from 24 to 5. Moreover, model residual was less than 5µm after compensation.

Conclusion:

The result shows that the new thermal error model has higher prediction accuracy and less temperature variables.
Molecular Characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical Isolates with Elevated Resistance to Carbapenems
Authors: Barwa Rasha , Shaaban Mona
Published: August 2017

Background:

Emergence of carbapenems-resistantK. pneumoniaerepresents a serious challenge for antimicrobial therapy.

Objective:

The aim of this research is to determine different mechanisms mediating the emergence ofK. pneumoniaeisolates with high-level carbapenem resistance.

Method:

A total of 80K. pneumoniaeisolates were purified from sputum and urine specimens. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of imipenem and meropenem were determined by broth microdilution method. Carbapenemases were detected by Modified Hodge test and PCR. Additionally, the copy numbers of the identified genes (blaVIM-1,blaNDM-1andblaOXA-48) were quantified by RT-PCR. The outer membrane proteins OmpK35 and OmpK36 of the resistant isolates were analyzed.

Results:

Eight isolates were resistant to carbapenems; six of these isolates possessed elevated MICs to imipenem and meropenem (≥16 µg/ml). Carbapenem resistant isolates harboredblaNDM-1(n=5),blaVIM-1(n=4) andblaOXA-48(n=1) with some isolates had multiple carbapenemases genes. Six isolates with high MICs to imipenem contained multi-copies of the carbapenemases genes along with the lack of OmpK35. Isolates with intermediate resistance to carbapenems (MIC; 4-8 µg/ml) did not exhibit multiple carbapenemases but lacked the OmpK35. Random amplified polymorphic DNA exhibited three different patterns and indicated that five isolates encoded the same pattern P1.

Conclusion:

This study elucidated that multiple carbapenemases genes, high copy number of carbapenemases and loss of the porin OmpK35 could collectively contribute to the emergence ofK. pneumoniaeisolates with high resistance to carbapenems. Hence, more restrictions should be applied on the use of carbapenems to reduce the emergence of the resistant clones.
Appropriate Use of Oxygen Delivery Devices
Authors: Batool Sofia , Garg Rakesh
Published: August 2017

Oxygen supplementation is one of the commonest drugs required for a patient in hospital. Appropriate oxygen supplementation as per the requirement of the patient is essential. This requires optimal oxygen delivery device from the vast armamentarium. This requires understanding basics of oxygen delivery devices and its appropriate selection. This review describes various commonly available devices. The author would also propose a chart for aiding oxygen delivery devices based on the existing literature.
PENJADWALAN ULANG PEMBIAYAAN MIKRO MURĀBAḤAH DI BANK SYARIAH MANDIRI CABANG DUMAI PROVINSI RIAU
Authors: Maulidizen Ahmad , Mohamad Mohammad Taqiuddin Bin
Published: August 2017

This research is analyzing implementation of the rescheduling in Murābaḥah micro financing at Bank Shariah Mandiri, Indonesia. It was found that many Islamic banks in Indonesia are experiencing problems because of non-performing financing and can degrade the performance of the bank. Therefore, the bank implemented the rescheduling of non-performing murābaḥah micro financing not to exceed a predetermined rate of Bank Indonesia at 5%. This research was conducted to find out more about the legal implementation of rescheduling in Murābaḥah micro financing at Bank Shariah Mandiri Branch Dumai. The reserach used data collection methods by observation, interview and library data then analyzed using the inductive, deductive and comparative. The research found that the implementation of rescheduling in Murābaḥah micro-financing at Bank Shariah Mandiri Branch Dumai is not fully in line with the Shariah because there is an Islamic ruling of Syariah National Board of Indonesia that have not been implemented, which the bank parties have been still burdening customers other than the actual cost.
Os efeitos da terapia do riso sobre as atividades instrumentais da vida diária na concepção de indivíduos idosos
Authors: Santos Rafael dos , Seixas Filho José Teixeira de , Cunha Maria Auxiliadora Terra , Triani Felipe da Silva , Columá Jorge Felipe
Published: August 2017

A terapia do riso é uma técnica lúdica utilizada há tempos, embora seus efeitos sobre a autonomia de indivíduos idosos ainda são pouco conhecidos. Dessa maneira, o objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer os efeitos da aplicação da terapia do riso sobre as atividades instrumentais da vida diária na concepção de indivíduos idosos. Para atingir o objetivo foram avaliados dezesseis idosos, variando de 65 a 70 anos, sendo o desempenho funcional medido pela capacidade dos idosos de executar Atividades Instrumentais da Vida Diária. A avaliação foi realizada pré e pós-intervenção. Nessa perspectiva, os resultados apontaram que após 60 dias de terapia do riso houve melhora na autonomia funcional dos idosos. Portanto, a investigação concluiu que a terapia do riso se mostra como uma boa estratégia de intervenção para a promoção da saúde de pessoas idosas.Palavras-chave: Desenvolvimento Local; Ciências Ambientais; Envelhecimento.
OS SUJEITOS NO PROCESSO PENAL: DIREITOS, DEVERES E FUNÇÕES
Authors: Behrens Cláudia Daniela
Published: August 2017

A sociedade, sendo um agrupamento de pessoas, que vivem de maneira organizada, em determinado lapso temporal e espacial, demanda a existência de normas materiais tendentes à punição daqueles que, por ventura, violem a paz social. Outrossim, uma vez transgredida a lei penal, tem-se o desencadeamento de atos interdependentes, no meio processual, propensos à solução do litígio, ora verificado. Ademais, tais atos processuais vêm regulados pelo Código de Processo Penal, o qual atribui a determinadas pessoas, chamadas de sujeitos processuais, diversos direitos e obrigações a serem perpetrados durante a persecução penal até a resolução da lide, com a condenação ou absolvição do acusado pelos atos praticados.
A COMPLEXA RELAÇÃO EGOÍSTICA ENTRE O HOMEM E O DINHEIRO: UMA ANÁLISE TEÓRICA A PARTIR DA FILOSOFIA E DA PSICOLOGIA
Authors: Teles Tayson Ribeiro
Published: August 2017

A maioria de nós humanos é egoísta e possui amor desproporcional pelo dinheiro como elemento integrante do cabedal de nossas características. Somos todos singulares, ímpares, únicos e irrepetíveis e, na medida do possível, amamos nosso semelhante, mas é notório nosso egoísmo. Pelo dinheiro elevamos nosso individualismo, massificamos nosso amor próprio, retornando à primitividade. É uma via de mão dupla: queremos dinheiro, pois somos egoístas e ao sermos egoístas queremos dinheiro somente para nós mesmos. Analisar, a partir de teoremas filosóficos e psicológicos, a complexa relação egoística entre o homem e o dinheiro é nosso objetivo neste artigo. À evidência, sem querer esgotar o tema, o trabalho, realizado por pesquisa bibliográfica qualitativa revisional, limita-se a mero plexo de reflexões filosóficas, as quais têm apenas o desejo de fomentar o debate sobre tema tão intenso. As conclusões indicam ser o dinheiro relevante ao homem, mas deve tal homem, em atenuação de seu egoísmo, pensar mais no seu próximo e agir em prol dele, a fim de que todos junto possamos ser/estar felizes, realizados.
RURAL TOURISM: CLASSIFICATION AND PECULIARITIES OF ORGANIZATION
Authors: ПОЛЯКОВА Ирина , POLYAKOVA Irina , ГРИГОРЬЕВА Мария , GRIGORIEVA Maria
Published: August 2017

The article is focused on the rural tourism. It is type of tourism with specific features of development and organization. The article considers approaches to the concept of "rural tourism". The authors elaborate a hierarchy of signs of the rural tourism classification by the type and category of tourism, as well as by the types and functional form of tourism. As part of the study of agricultural tourism classifications, a complex system of basic and additional services of rural tourism is presented. The authors propose the system of rural tourism organization based on rural tourism development models. They include creation of special large and medium-sized rural tourism facilities, organization and creation of rural tourist networks, creation of public and private agricultural facilities. The article descript in detail the organization of rural tourism features, namely the personnel selection, the organization of the tourists reception, the organization of accommodation and food for tourists, the entertainment and additional services, ensuring the safety of tourists, conflict mitigation. The authors also consider services marketing peculiarities of rural tourism, among them the organization of the promotion system of rural tourism services, the study of consumer preferences, the development of an optimal pricing mechanism, etc. The advantages and disadvantages of the rural tourism development in the Russian Federation are revealed, and prospects for the development of this type of tourism are determined. The article present the features of the rural tourism organization that can be useful for representatives of the tourist business, regional and municipal authorities, as well as for researchers studying rural tourism from the organizational and economic sides. A further prospect of the research is the creating a development mechanism of rural tourism at the local level, and the socio-economic efficiency assessment of the development of this type of tourism.
LENINGRAD REGION – THE TERRITORY OF ECOLOGICAL TOURISM
Authors: ЖУКОВ Павел , ZHUKOV Pavel , ЛЕБЕДЕВА Мария , LEBEDEVA Maria
Published: August 2017

The article considers Leningrad region as a territory with enormous potential for the ecological tourism development. The authors show the features of the physic-geographical position and associated natural features of the region. They are the following: climate, relief, inland waters, flora and fauna, which together predetermine the multifaceted possibilities for the creation and development of ecological tours. Moreover, the well-developed network of specially protected natural areas is an important issue. The region has central, neighbor and coastal geographical position and borders with economically developed regions. all this provides additional opportunities to attract tourists and form a tourist flow. According to recent rating research, now the region belongs to areas with relatively high indicators of tourism development. In general Leningrad region has the index value of the tourist infrastructure development level below the average value obtained for the subjects of the North-western Federal District. The authors offer their understanding of the term of «ecological tourism», and pay particular attention to the fact that this type of tourism can be developed both in specially protected natural areas and outside them. In the article special attention is paid to identifying the reasons of the low attendance of specially protected natural areas and the unpopularity of ecological tours. On this basis the article proposes the measures to stimulate the ecological tourism development in Leningrad Region. The last one is promising segment of the market that positively affects the region’s development, including economic sphere.
Solving the general split common fixed-point problem of quasi-nonexpansive mappings without prior knowledge of operator norms
Authors: Zhao Jing , He Songnian
Published: August 2017

Let H1, H2, H3 be real Hilbert spaces, let A : H1 ? H3, B : H2 ? H3 be two
bounded linear operators. The general multiple-set split common fixed-point
problem under consideration in this paper is to find x ??p,i=1F(Ui), y ??r,j=1 F(Tj)
such that Ax = Bym, (1) where p, r ? 1 are integers, Ui : H1 ? H1
(1 ? i ? p) and Tj : H2 ? H2 (1 ? j ? r) are quasi-nonexpansive mappings
with nonempty common fixed-point sets ?p,i=1 F(Ui) = ?p,i=1 {x ? H1 : Uix = x}
and ?r,j=1F(Tj) = ?r,j=1 {x ? H2 : Tjx = x}. Note that, the above problem (1)
allows asymmetric and partial relations between the variables x and y. If H2
= H3 and B = I, then the general multiple-set split common fixed-point
problem (1) reduces to the multiple-set split common fixed-point problem
proposed by Censor and Segal [J. Convex Anal. 16(2009), 587-600]. In this
paper, we introduce simultaneous parallel and cyclic algorithms for the
general split common fixed-point problems (1). We introduce a way of
selecting the stepsizes such that the implementation of our algorithms does
not need any prior information about the operator norms. We prove the weak
convergence of the proposed algorithms and apply the proposed algorithms to
the multiple-set split feasibility problems. Our results improve and extend
the corresponding results announced by many others.
A revisit of stochastic theta method with some improvements
Authors: Soleymani F. , Soheili Ali
Published: August 2017

Considering the stochastic theta method, in this work we discuss modified
solvers for finding the solution of It? stochastic differential equations
in the strong sense. It is observed that the proposed variations are
implicit with better stability behaviors. Finally, the derived schemes are
tested numerically to confirm the efficiency.
Random fixed points for ψ-contractions with application to random differential equations
Authors: Hussain Nawab , Ciric Ljubomir , Shafqat N.
Published: August 2017

In this paper, some random common fixed point and coincidence point results
are proved with PPF dependence for random operators in separable Banach
spaces. Our results present stochastic versions and extensions of recent
results of Dhage [J. Nonlinear Sci. Appl. 5 (2012) and Differ. Equ. Appl. 2
(2012)], Kaewcharoen [J. Inequal. Appl. 2013:287] and many others. We also
establish results concerning iterative approximation of PPF dependent random
common fixed points. Moreover, an application to random differential
equations is given here to illustrate usability of the obtained results.
A variety of soliton solutions for the Boussinesq-Burgers equation and the higher-order Boussinesq-Burgers equation
Authors: Wazwaz Abdul-Majid
Published: August 2017

In this work we examine the Boussinesq-Burgers equation and the higher-order
Boussinesq- Burgers equation. The simplified Hirota?s method is used to
derive multiple soliton solutions for each method. More soliton and periodic
solutions are derived as well
Multi-generalized 2-normed space
Authors: Khanehgir Mahnaz , Khibary Marzieh , Hasanvand Firoozeh , Modabber Ahmad
Published: August 2017

In this paper, we introduce the concepts of multi-generalized 2-normed space
and dual multigeneralized 2-normed space and we then investigate some
results related to them. We also prove that, if (E,||.,.||) is a generalized
2-normed space, {||.,.||k}k?N is a sequence of generalized 2-norms on Ek (k ?
N) such that for each x,y ? E, ||x,y||1 = ||x,y|| and for each k ? N axioms
(MG1), (MG2) and (MG4)((DG4)) of (dual) multi-generalized 2-normed space
are true, then {(Ek,||.,. ||k), k ? N} is a (dual) multi-generalized 2-normed
space. Finally we deal with an application of a dual multi-generalized
2-normed space defined on a proper commutative H*-algebra.
Related fixed point results for cyclic contractions on G-metric spaces and application
Authors: Aydi Hassen , Felhi Abdelbasset , Sahmim Slah
Published: August 2017

In this paper, we establish some fixed point theorems in G-metric spaces
involving generalized cyclic contractions. Some subsequent results are
derived. The presented results generalize many well known results in the
literature. Moreover, we provide some concrete examples and an application
on the existence and uniqueness of solutions to a class of nonlinear
integral equations.
Opposite Regulation of Insulin Sensitivity by Dietary Lipid Versus Carbohydrate Excess
Authors: Lundsgaard Anne-Marie , Sjøberg Kim A. , Høeg Louise D. , Jeppesen Jacob , Jordy Andreas B. , Serup Annette K. , Fritzen Andreas M. , Pilegaard Henriette , Myrmel Lene S. , Madsen Lise , Wojtaszewski Jørgen F.P. , Richter Erik A. , Kiens Bente
Published: August 2017

To understand the mechanisms in lipid-induced insulin resistance, a more physiological approach is to enhance fatty acid (FA) availability through the diet. Nine healthy men ingested two hypercaloric diets (in 75% excess of habitual caloric intake) for 3 days, enriched in unsaturated FA (78 energy % [E%] fat) (UNSAT) or carbohydrates (80 E% carbohydrate) (CHO) as well as a eucaloric control diet (CON). Compared with CON, the UNSAT diet reduced whole-body and leg glucose disposal during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, while decreasing hepatic glucose production. In muscle, diacylglycerol (DAG) and intramyocellular triacylglycerol were increased. The accumulated DAG was sn-1,3 DAG, which is known not to activate PKC, and insulin signaling was intact. UNSAT decreased PDH-E1α protein content and increased inhibitory PDH-E1α Ser300 phosphorylation and FA oxidation. CHO increased whole-body and leg insulin sensitivity, while increasing hepatic glucose production. After CHO, muscle PDH-E1α Ser300 phosphorylation was decreased, and glucose oxidation increased. After UNSAT, but not CHO, muscle glucose-6-phosphate content was 103% higher compared with CON during the clamp. Thus, PDH-E1α expression and covalent regulation, and hence the tricarboxylic acid cycle influx of pyruvate-derived acetyl-CoA relative to β-oxidation–derived acetyl-CoA, are suggested to impact on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Taken together, the oxidative metabolic fluxes of glucose and FA are powerful and opposite regulators of insulin action in muscle.
Karakteristik dan Mutu Arang Kayu Jati (Tectona grandis) dengan Sistem Pengarangan Campuran pada Metode Tungku Drum (The Quality and Characteristics of Teak (Tectona grandis) Charcoal Made by Mixed Carbonisation in Drum Kiln)
Authors: Salim Rais
Published: August 2017

Charcoal was the residue of the decomposition of wood from heating process whereas the chemical component was carbon. One of the charcoal production methods used was a kiln drum with carbonisation mixed system. This research aimed to identify and analyse the quality of teak wood charcoal made by carbonisation mixed system with the addition of sawdust teak using kiln drum method. Teak wood pieced in 5-10 cm diameter were charred by the addition of sawdust (70:30) to maintain the temperature process ranged between 4000C and 4500C. The parameters that were observed were yield, water content, volatile substance content, ash content, bonded carbon content, the percentage of charcoal that retained at 6.35 cm sieve and that passed the 3.18 cm sieve, calorific value, density and color. The results were then analyzed descriptively and been compared to the SNI 01-1683-1989. The yield of teak charcoal in this experiment was 21.3%, while water, volatile substance and ash content were 3.93%, 16.57%, and 3.25%, respectively. The percentage of charcoal retained at 6.35 cm sieve was 88,68%, and the ones passed 3.18 cm sieve was 1, 96%. The charcoal’s bonded carbon content was 80.18%, it’s calorific value was 7141 cal / g; and the color was black.Keywords: carbon, sawdust, carbonization temperatures
CURRENT APPROACHES OF DIPLOMACY IN THE CYBERSPACE
Authors: MUREȘAN Radu Constantin
Published: August 2017

In recent years, the Internet has had a positive impact, both on individuals and on governmental activity, and so it became a free and open space enabling almost all kinds of tasks. But more and more frequently, the Internet has also been the target of many cyber attacks, generating data leaks and financial loses. The vast majority of financial and telecommunication systems have been affected by numerous such intrusions. These incidents are more and more common and they impact heavily both on governments and businesses or individual users. In time, cybernetic security has become one of the main priorities for all these above mentioned types of users. Thus, along with the technological evolution in each sector, the implementation of a series of protection measures, designed to prevent the cyber attacks that the majority of the population now faces, became indispensable.
THE RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT. FROM “EMERGING NORM” TO A FALSE PROMISE. A NEW CHALLENGE TO INTERNATIONAL SECURITY POLICY
Authors: APETROE Alexandru C.
Published: August 2017

The meaning of RtoP (responsibility to protect) is self-explanatory, it shows what the international community (or at least some part of it) considers unacceptable in today’s world: genocide, ethnic cleansing and barbarous acts against civilians. However, the same international community stood silent when Rwanda and Srebrenica happened. Yet precisely because of the guilt and shame associated with its previous failures, the same international community managed to launch an initiative, responsibility to protect (RtoP/R2P), in 2001. We insist on calling RtoP an initiative, not as a derogatory term, but as a counter-rhetoric argument to the so-called RtoP emerging norm. According to international law theory, a norm can be either customary (derogatory), either peremptory (jus cogens), there is no in-between option, particularly when interpreting the UN Charter provisions in relation with to the broad-spectrum of the principle of non-intervention as opposed to human rights (the area where RtoP tries to overstep the Charter’s authority). The main aspects of RtoP are, (1) on one count, the infringement on state-sovereignty (the functional sovereignty theory), particularly on the quality of the so-called Westphalia-style sovereignty, (2) the other being the clear purpose of the ICISS, above and beyond of ending mass-atrocities, which is the process of legalizing humanitarian intervention. After the 1999 Kosovo Intervention and during the early phases of the War on Terror, humanitarian intervention became seriously de-legitimised, this is why something novel was needed, which where RtoP stepped-in, riding on the hopes of many.
THE ROLE OF THE ECONOMIC BORDERS IN CONTEMPORARY INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Authors: ȘOPRONI Luminița , ȚOCA Constantin
Published: August 2017

In order to adapt to the new context created by globalization, borders have got a dynamic sense, losing some of their traditional functions and acquiring new roles, which transform them from barriers to fluid and permeable lines. Thus, they delimit a space permanently reconstructed by the interdependencies and interactions of its members, contributing to the shaping and development of new regions in international relations. Technology and international and bilateral agreements are the engines that generated and allowed the integration of economies and markets and redefined the economic frontiers.
PERSPECTIVES DU MARABOUTISME DANS L’ISLAM POLITIQUE OUEST-AFRICAIN
Authors: OROS Ciprian Gabriel
Published: August 2017

Perspectives of Maraboutism in the Political Islam of West Africa. Towards the end of the 12th century, the first Islamic Sufi orders (brotherhoods) emerge in the sub-Saharan Africa’s Islam, which will dominate the local religious landscape throughout the entire following centuries and which will form one of the peculiarities of the African Islam. We deal with the establishment of a network of Muslim religious followers reunited around a central charismatic figure, which became some kind of a saint, this character being something in between human and divinity, the holder of a divine blessing, barakat, which confers special, mystical powers upon him and who, through his powers, may liaise the relationship of the believers with Allah. In Sahel, the religious system is established on the grounds of these true social and religious organisations, which somehow take over the disappeared monarchy’s system and which have both religious functions, as well as, especially, functions which pertain to the profane, strictly political and administrative. The system emerges on the background of a profound crisis generated by the colonial conquers and will continue to develop in the same manner over the following centuries, up to the current days, when a reformatory current calls for the return to salafiya (initial Islam) and claims the ad-litteram observance of the Quran and of Sunnah, essentially to give up to the Islam of brotherhood.
China's Belt and Road Initiative and India's options: Competitive cooperation
Authors: Chhibber Ajay
Published: August 2017

India and China have a competitive yet cooperative relationship. India has not signed on to the Belt and Road Initiative as it has concerns over some aspects of it-especially the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and the Maritime Silk Road-and has proposed its own "Spice Route" or SAGAR project, with India at the centre of Indian Ocean relations. Nevertheless, India has joined the new financial institutions of the New Development Bank, the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) (as its second largest shareholder after China) and most recently the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO). These new banks are a potential source of long-term infrastructure finance for India, however small in magnitude. China and India have growing, yet somewhat unbalanced, economic linkages-with a large trade deficit in favour of China. This paper explores how China and India can contain their contentious issues as they find ways to cooperate for mutual benefit.
Ekstraksi Fitur Warna, Tekstur dan Bentuk untuk Clustered-Based Retrieval of Images (CLUE)
Authors: Sugiartha I Gusti Rai Agung , Sudarma Made , Widyantara I Made Oka
Published: August 2017

Picture (image) is a media that used for storing visual data, for example, two-dimensional images are often used to store an incident. Images on the internet media growth very rapidly. There are a lot of image, video, text or other content on the Internet. Image Index and image retrieval again become a topic of research in the last decade in which concentrated on how to get the meaning of an information contained in an image. Three methods outlined in the search for an image, the text-based image retrieval, content-based image retrieval and indexing images in the order of language. This study focuses on the preparation of the features of an image based on color and texture. Features colors using the average value of Hue image, texture features using Gray Level occurance Matrix (GLCM). Color, texture, and shape extraction technique resulted in eighteen (18) feature that can be used as features in the process of Clustering.DOI: 10.24843/MITE.1601.12
STUDI ANALISIS PENGARUH HARMONISA TERHADAP RUGI-RUGI DAYA PADA PENYULANG MENJANGAN
Authors: Wisnu Agung Bayuna I Dewa Gede , Sukerayasa I Wayan , Ariastina Wayan Gede
Published: August 2017

Kandungan harmonisa pada sistem kelistrikan jika melebihi batas yang diizinkan akan menyebabkan beberapa masalah, salah satunya menimbulkan rugi-rugi jaringan distribusi tenaga listrik. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh harmonisa terhadap rugi-rugi daya di Penyulang Menjangan, dilakukan penelitian dengan metode pengukuran harmonisa pada masing-masing gardu distribusi di Penyulang Menjangan dengan bantuan perangkat lunak untuk selanjutnya dilakukan simulasi. Dari hasil identifikasi pola kurva gelombang dan spectrum kandungan harmonisa pada transformator di Penyulang Menjangan, identik dengan beban komersial seperti beban rumah tangga serta peralatan elektronik yang umumnya disuplai dari single-phase Switch Mode Power Supplies. Dari hasil pengukuran harmonisa, kandungan tertinggi terdapat pada gardu distribusi di bagian pangkal yaitu GR088 dan GR079. Hasil perhitungan selisih antara rugi-rugi daya pada kondisi tanpa kandungan harmonisa dan rugi-rugi daya pada kondisi dengan kandungan hamonisa adalah 1,7991 kW. DOI: 10.24843/MITE.1601.17