bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling and Comparison of Data Obtained by GPR, for Geological / Structural Analysis of a Carbonated Ornamental Rock Quarry - Blocometry Validation - Case Study in Valinho De Fátima, Portugal
Authors: Duarte João , Cunha Marco , Carvalho José
Published: November 2021

Portugal, in the continental and insular territory, has raw geological resources in diversity and quality that are materials for the manufacturing industries, particularly linked to the civil construction, architecture and public works with great weight in its exports, revealing to be one big producer of ornamental stones worldwide. In this industry, the presence of discontinuities, grain size, colour, textural anisotropy and porosity are factors that can determine the economic viability of the exploitations. For this, it is important to develop effective prospecting routines that allow the geological/structural fast analysis and economic potential assessment of the massifs and subsequent correct planning and dimensioning of the exploitations. This work intends to model and integrate data from the ground penetration radar (GPR), together with close-range photogrammetry, derived from an Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery. The objective is to identify and determine the spatial distribution of the various elements by modelling the acquired data, as well as verifying the feasibility of the technical disassembly option adopted. We have used GPR as it is non-destructive, fast to deploy, survey, process and interpret. The acquired data were processed using the GPR-SLICE, where a 3D final dataset was obtained and interpreted. GPR and photogrammetric model was integrated and interpreted and validated with direct field observations. The model obtained showed in its upper part, an area corresponding to the presence of sludge from the cut of the rock, followed by a strip that corresponds to the oolitic limestone. Further down to the end of the block, the presence of oolitic limestone with crossed stratification is identifiable. There was a textural and structural correspondence between the GPR data and direct field observations. GPR did not reveal any major morphostructural discontinuity, validating the technical option of choosing the places where the cuts were made for their individualization, as the block was cut clean. The GPR and photogrammetry data integration method revealed to be complementary, where results were obtained easily, fast, and with centimeter accuracy. The same methodology presented, revealed to be cheap and effective for both localized studies and optimization of the overall quarry’s extraction plan and design.
Ecological evaluation of natural water bodies in the south part of Noginscky Region Moscow District
Authors: Postnikov D A
Published: November 2021

Floristic composition of terrestrial and aquatic plants in the ecotopes of surface water bodies, Blue Lakes and Lake Biserovo, was studied to assess environmental health of aquatic ecosystems in the Moscow region. The research was carried out both in the field and in the laboratory. Blue Lakes were lacking aquatic vegetation and the dominant synusia of the following plant species was found along the coastal zone: meadow clover (Trifolium pratense L.), meadow bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), sedge coastal (Carex riparia Curt.), chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.), plantain (Plantago major L.), Timothy meadow (Phleum pratense L.). The vegetation cover of Lake Biserovo was patchy: submerged vegetation was most widespread, Canadian Elodea (Elodea canadensis Michx.) was the dominant species. Pure thickets of vegetation were formed only by the common American water plantain(Alisma plantago-aquatica L.), lake cattail (Schoenoplectus lacustris L.), common reed (Phragmites communis Trin.) and sedge coastal (Carex riparia Curt). It should be noted that in all the studied water bodies, the pH of the water area can be classified as very clean: Blue Lakes (7.8), samples from Lake Biserov (8.32). Water samples from Lake Biserova had the highest turbidity (11.5), which was associated with the accumulation of particles of the silt fraction of the reservoir, which began the process of eutrophication, high anthropogenic load. According to the results of a comprehensive assessment (hydrological indicators, calculation of the Mayer index) of the studied samples from the reservoirs, it was concluded that the water area of the Blue Lake had the best environmental status in the Noginsk region.
Environmental health risk assessment of manganese and cadmium in the ground water around Cipayung Landfill in Depok, Indonesia
Authors: Agustina U , Fitria L , Hermawati E
Published: November 2021

The existence of landfill is a risk to release various metals into the environment, such as Manganese (Mn) and Cadmium (Cd). Mn and Cd can cause serious and toxic effect for health if excessive intake. This study was conducted to identify the health risks of Cd and Mn intake in Cipayung Landfill Depok. The samples were 104 respondents and 66 ground water samples at a radius of 0-500 meters from the landfill. Cd and Mn Measurement in the ground water used atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Health risk analysis was determined based on hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment and risk characterization. Mn and Cd concentration were 0.06-0.84 mg/L and <0.001 mg/L, respectively, while the average daily consumption of ground water was 2.18 L. Mn and Cd Chronic Daily Intake (CDI) were 0.008 mg/kg/day and 0.00005 mg/kg/day, respectively. Mn and Cd Hazard Quotient (HQ) were not more than 1 with maximum Mn and Cd HQ, 0.2 and 0.08, respectively. It can be concluded that the concentration of Mn and Cd in groundwater consumption in the community around the Cipayung landfill is categorized as not having risk to health, even though there are 9 ground water samples with Mn concentrations exceeding 0.4 mg/L.
Research and Countermeasures on the Influence of Air Pollution on Human Health and Fitness
Authors: Zhao Yongjun , Ma Teng
Published: November 2021

Air pollution has a significant impact on human health and fitness; long-term air pollution will cause human physical fitness to be declined. In order to alleviate the impact of air pollution on human health and fitness, this paper analyzes the sources of air pollution, different air pollution extents have gradient effect on the human body, thereby affecting the body's physical performance indicators. This paper investigates and studies the impact of air pollution on human health and fitness through the survey of students in a school, and provides countermeasures.
Determine the impact on fisheries by predicting the migration of fish near Scotland
Authors: Hou Dongpeng
Published: November 2021

As global warming getting more severe in recent decades, the seawater temperature has also increased dramatically, which leads Atlantic fish heading north, so are two important economic fish spcies in Scotland, Scottish herring and mackerel. This paper discusses the impact of temperature change on the two species, and offer improvement methods for the small Scotland-based fishing companies. According the history temperature data in Scotland and the surrounding waters, we use a time series algorithm to predict the temperature range over next 50 years. Then establish a cost equation with parameters based on the relative distance and temperature. We obtain minimum cost from the predicted temperature and the relative distance from shoals. The result shows that in the next 50 years, a portion of the Scottish herring will move first northeast and then north, and the mackerel will move near the coast of Norway. The speed range of fish is obtained from previous model. Furthermore, maximum range of fishing time is obtained under different fish migration speed and fishing vessel speed. The best, worst and most likely case for fishing companies are defined and found. Which are they can fish before 2033 at lowest fish migration speed, they can not fish at the highest speed after 2051, and can not sell fresh fish anymore at 2040 respectively.
Internal Force Analysis of Parabolic Arch Considering Shear Effect under Gradient Temperature
Authors: Shen Fulin , Song Xiaochun
Published: November 2021

This paper theoretical analysis the internal force of the fixed parabolic arches under radient temperature gradient field incorporating shear deformations. The effective centroid of the arch-section under linear temperature gradient is derived. Based on force method and energy method, the analytical solutions of the internal force of fixed parabolic arches at pre-buckling under linear temperature gradient field are derived. A parameter study was carried out to study the influence of linear temperature gradient on the internal force of the fixed parabolic arches with different rise-span ratio and varying slenderness ratio. It is found that the temperature gradient and the rise-span ratio has a significant influence on the internal force of the parabolic arches, the influence of shear deformation causes the bending moment increase while the axial force decreases, and the axial force of parabolic arches decreases as the rise-span ratio increases.
Laboratory construction of a novel elastic self-sealing cement slurry
Authors: Liu Shuai , Xu Lin , Wang Xiaoliang
Published: November 2021

The elastic self-sealing cement slurry is a novel slurry system, which is capable of facilitating self-repairs of cement sheath in the extreme wellbore conditions, but it involves seldom approached. In this work, a novel elastic self-sealing cement slurry is designed and preliminarily established, by means of screening the functional additives. The main compositions of elastic self-sealing cement slurry are determined, which will provide important information for the development of high performance self-sealing cement slurry systems.
Research Review of Photovoltaic Power Generation System
Authors: Jiang Jiabei
Published: November 2021

The non-renewable energy resources are being consumed at an increasing rate as the society develops. At the same time, the general public’s environmental awareness is improving in response to the deteriorating environment. All countries around the world are actively exploring an energy source that is suitable for sustainable utilization and causes no pollution. Solar power is a new form of energy that is efficient, pollution-free, and can be utilized globally in the future, therefore, the leaders of many countries are paying high attention to relating researches. As photovoltaic power generation is clean and having a high flexibility and broad utilization, it has advantages over other forms of energy. At the moment, grid-connected photovoltaic technology has a significant and enormous potential. As a result, it is necessary to study the PV generation technology, which is this article’s main research object. This is done by first reading related articles to learn the latest developments and current difficulties in this area, then focusing on articles that target these problems in order to find solutions theoretically, understanding the structure of the control system, and finally creating a digital simulation in MATLAB to enhance understanding.
Crossbred Local Chickens from East Nusa Tenggara Province Indonesia Under Semi Intensive Management System
Authors: Mulyantini S.S N.G.A , Lole Ulrikus R
Published: November 2021

The objective of this study was to compare the performance of four-breed combination under semiintensive management system. The experiment used 160 females and 40 males chickens as parents. Artificial insemination was performed to produce the experimental chicken of the four breed combinations (1. Sabu x Sabu, 2. Sabu x Semau, 3. Sabu x KUB, 4. Semau x KUB). The chickens were fed with chick starter crumb sad libitum from day old to 4 weeks of age. From 4-8 weeks of age, chickens were allowed to scavenge during the day, and also given commercial grower pellets + rice bran + corn (5:4:1). Combination of Sabu x KUBfrom 4-8 weeks of age were significantly heavier (P < 0.05) than the other combination breeds. Feed intake in the Sabu x KUB group was the lowest, and their weight gain was the highest among the others group(P < 0.05). The combination Sabu x KUB also had the highest egg production, and hatchability. However, the percentage of abdominal fat of Sabu x KUB were higher than others groups. In conclusion, combination Sabu x KUB had the best growth performance and egg production performance, but not for the percentage of abdominal fat.
Effect of Graded Levels of Fishmeal or Urea Supplementation on Rumen Environment and Ruminal Feed Degradation in Bali Cows
Authors: Jelantik I GN , Malelak GEM , Benu I
Published: November 2021

An experiment to study the effects of supplementation of graded levels of urea or fishmeal on rumen environment and ruminal feed degradation in Bali cows fed low quality tropical grass hay (crude protein, CP = 3.53%) was conducted according to a 5 × 5 Latin square experimental design with five animals and five periods. In each period lasting for 3 weeks, five non-pregnant Bali cows were given ad libitum access to grass hay (G) or supplemented daily with two level of urea, i.e. 38 g (U38) and 74 g (U74), or two levels of fishmeal, i.e. 156 g (FM156) and 312 g (FM312). Supplementation of both urea and fishmeal reduced significantly (P < 0.01) the average rumen pH from 6.89 in G to 6.74 in FM156. Rumen ammonia concentration increased linearly (P < 0.01) with increasing levels of supplementation and the increase was more pronounced with urea than with fishmeal supplementation. Rumen ammonia concentration was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in urea than fishmeal supplemented cows at both levels of supplementation. Ruminal total as well as individual VFAs (Acetate, Butyrate and Propionate) concentrations were not affected by the increasing level of supplementation of both urea and fishmeal. Supplementation improved significantly (P < 0.05) in sacco rumen degradation of DM but not protein. Ruminal DM effective degradability was increased significantly with increasing level of fishmeal supplementation but not with increasing level of urea supplementation. Supplementation of increasing level of both urea and fishmeal improved rumen environment and feed degradability in Bali cows maintained on low quality tropical grass hay with fishmeal was proven to be the better supplement over urea.
Addition of fermented catfish waste into ration for increasing performance of Drake in Growth Period
Authors: Widianingrum D. , Imanudin O.
Published: November 2021

Utilization of organic waste is wasted by fermentation into quality feed ingredients in an effort to improve drake performance. Good farming zero waste. This study aims to study the effect of FCW (fermented catfish waste) to improve drake performance and obtain levels of use of fermented catfish waste in rations that produce the best drake performance. The research method uses a completely randomized experimental design (CRD) 4 treatment rations (0, 1.67, 3.33, and 5% FCW) each treatment repeats 5 times. One hundred drake aged 1 day were kept until 12 weeks old, put in 20 units of the cage. The results showed that the addition of FCW in the ration had a significant influence on drake performance. The ration given 10% FCW produced the best drake performance. This is supported by the following data the average consumption of drake rations that is 8.240 gram, the average weight gain 2.280 gram, and the average conversion rations 3.61.
Composition of Vegetation Types and Structures in Gunung Ciremai National Park Forest
Authors: Ismail Agusyadi , Hendrayana Yayan , Ramadani Dadan , Umiyati Sri
Published: November 2021

Mount Ciremai National Park forest that area had been encroached. Because of that condition, stand structure especially the species composition and vegetation structure need to be researched. The aim of this research was to identify plant species and analyze forest vegetation structure. This research was conducted between March–April 2018 in the 15.500 ha area with 0.02% sampling intensity. Data was collected using grid line method that consisted of 34 sample plots with the 10 m distance between the plots and 20 m between the lines. The numbers of identified plant species at the research location were 43 species, classified by 10 families and 24 genera. Cinnamomum sintoc has a high level of dominance species. The forest vegetation was consisting by the different growth phases. The tree phase has the highest density of 3672 species/ha, while the seedling phase was lowest density of 1060 species/ha. The forest crown stratification were consisting of A, B, C, D and E stratum. The highest number of plants were from C strata for 4651 trees and the least from A strata with 25 trees with the highest tree was 42 m. Could be concluded that the composition of Mount Ciremai National Park forest have so many number of species and complex structure vegetation forest.
The Nutritional Value of Shrimp Waste and Its Response to Growth and N Uptake Efficiency by Corn
Authors: Mansyur N.I , Hanudin E , Purwanto B.H , Utami S.N.H
Published: November 2021

Today’s agricultural development is expected to be able to optimize the utilization of agricultural waste resources to improve soil fertility and nutrient for plants, such as the utilization of shrimp waste. This research was conducted to test the level of improvement of the soil fertility and the efficiency of N uptake of corn by application of shrimp waste. The study was conducted using a randomized block design, consisting of five treatments divided as control and the addition of biochar, shrimp waste, urea, and biochar+shrimp waste. Analysis using orthogonal contrast with biochar and shrimp waste was classified as ameliorant, while urea, and biochar+S as fertilizer. The results showed that the application of biochar+S was able to increase soil pH (4.9 out of 4.3), N-total is 85%, OC is 66.2%, CEC is 1.5 times the initial CEC, plant height and number of leaves at 56 days respectively 225 cm and 13 sheets, and Nitrogen uptake efficiency around 24,8% with a dry shell yield of around 10.6 t ha−1. Biochar and biochar+S both increased P-available (4.8 out of 3.4 mg kg−1), whereas K-available increased in shrimp waste applications (88 of 46.1 mg kg−1)
Risk analysis model of sweet corn production using z-score and value at risk methods
Authors: Wahyuni E , Kasmiati  , Sutrisno A , Rahajeng G Y
Published: November 2021

Sweet corn is one of the food commodities produced by farmers in Indonesia. In sweet corn cultivation, farmers face the risk of production originating form fertilizers, pets and weather changes. Production risks include the decrease of quality and quantity of production and farmers experiencing losses. The purposes of this study were to identify sources of farming production risk, to analyze the probabilities and impacts of risk sources, to formulate the overcoming risk strategies risk of sweet corn farming production. A total of 50 corm farmers were involved. The collected data were analyzed by using descriptive analysis, probability and impact analysis, the Z-score and Value at Risk (VaR). The biggest source of risk was pest attack with a probability of 9.63% and an impact of Rp 562.102,64/hectare followed by fertilizer with a probability 6.55% and an impact of Rp 536.600,03/hectare and weather/climate change with a probability of 2% and an impact of Rp 337.150,10/hectare. The preventive strategies used to handle pest risk sources were land sanitation and mitigation strategies, namely the provision of pesticides and insect for grasshoppers. Mitigation strategy was used to handle fertilizer risk that improving farmers’ skills in fertilizing and giving the right type of fertilizer and dosage. As for climate/climate change, the preventive strategies used wark making drainage, making high beds, watering and growing or accumulating roots.
A Hedonic Pricing Model of Rice in Traditional Markets
Authors: Sulistyo A , Mubarak A , Hendris
Published: November 2021

Every consumer would expect rice at an affordable price with a very good quality. This study aims to determine the quality of rice and estimate the hedonic price model of rice in the traditional market of Tarakan City. This research was conducted at the traditional market in Tarakan City, North Kalimantan. Analysis of the data was is descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the quality of rice found in the traditional market in Tarakan City was medium grain. The characteristics of rice that affected rice prices were chalk grains, head grains and yellow grains. While foreign objects, small grains, red grains and broken grains had no effect on the price of rice.
Water Footprint and Climate Change Adaptation Strategies on Agriculture Development under One Belt One Road Initiative: An Overview
Authors: Mareeh Hadi Yahya Saleh , Prabakusuma Adhita Sri , Shi Dongqi , Pradipta Ansita Gupitakingkin , Kasofi Adnan
Published: November 2021

One Belt One Road (OBOR) is an initiative of collaboration and development that was put forward by China. Moreover, the agricultural production in most of the country members confronted Water scarcity and climate change. In current study it has been used Water Footprint (WF) as tool for measuring water consumption in China and participating country. Thus, this paper aims to understand OBOR from the perspective of WF of agricultural products. On the whole, the results showed that agriculture’s WF in China and OBOR countries increased steadily from about 6.84 trillion m3 in the initial period to about 9.54 trillion m3 in 2018. They also showed that China and India were the largest countries consumed WF which accounted for 76.12% of the total WF used in agricultural production. Furthermore, the WF that has been consumed for agriculture production in China and spanning countries was excessively concentrated on some products. As a whole, green the main water type used in producing agricultural products. Since announcing OBOR initiative in 2013 until now, there is not any remarkable change on GHG emissions that generated from agriculture due to the climate change impacts can be observed only on the long term. WF is a new perspective to explore OBOR. Agricultural trade with China certainly benefits both the countries along OBOR and China from the perspective of WF. The findings of this study is essential as references for better agriculture production structure, and is useful for managing water in China and the nations along the Silk Road, mitigating water scarcities, and wisely distributing the water resources in the various sectors.
Managerial Aspect and Digital Marketing of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in West Java
Authors: Hernita Nita , Ginanjar Yogi
Published: November 2021

Changes in economic order in the new normal era have an impact on the marketing and managerial aspects of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Many MSMEs have not yet used digital marketing so that they experienced a significant decline in sales and have not been able to overcome managerial problems. This research method is designed as a survey research with a descriptive approach using narrative analysis tools. The population in this study are MSMEs in West Java selected through cluster random sampling technique. The results of the descriptive analysis show that the managerial aspect has a recapitulation value of the respondents of 1706 (important) and the marketing aspect of 3005 (very important). Manual marketing aspects will be offset by business digitization. Meanwhile, improvements in managerial aspects from the perspective of strengthening human resources and financial records need to be seriously taken by MSMEs actors since both aspects have a significant impact on the sustainability of MSMEs businesses.
Are Bird Nests the Habitat for Ants? Implication from Ant Inventory (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Across Various Bird Nests
Authors: Herwina Henny , Janra Muhammad N. , Anita Fitri , Mairawita  , Yaherwandi
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to do the inventory on ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) that specifically inhabit the bird nests within the Universitas Andalas campus complex, Limau Manis, Padang. It had been conducted from January to August 2018, where the bird nests were purposively collected then followed with ant collection from each nest. Forty nests were sampled and identified as nests of Estrildidae, Pycnonotidae, Sylviidae and from the unknown taxa; 5 nests showed active breeding indications when collected. A total of 2,741 ant individuals belong to 13 species, 12 genera, 8 tribes, and 4 subfamilies extracted from 31 (of which 4 were active nests), out of 40, observed nests. The ant species inventory included the members of subfamilies Formicinae (5), Myrmicinae (5), Dolichoderinae (2) and Pseudomyrmicinae (1). We statistically detected correlation between nest biomass and number of ant individual and species infested in the bird nests, which explained the more species recorded from Estrildid nests that were averagely bulkier than other nests. This result offers strong indication that bird nests may serve as form of habitat, or at least a niche, for ants.
Agronomic Characteristics Enhancement on Genotypes of Chrysanthemum Polyploidy with Different Planting Media
Authors: Komariah Ai , Ria Elly Roosma , Windy  , Noertjahyani  , Budiasih  , Masnenah Endeh
Published: November 2021

Since variations in chrysanthemums are still limited, Indonesia still imports. An effort to expand the variation can be done through polyploidy techniques using colchicine. Pasopati varieties of the chrysanthemum were propagated in vitro and treated with colchicine and planted in different media compositions to observe performance and obtain superior genotype. Experiment with a factorial pattern that consist of two factors: the composition of the planting medium ( m1 = top soil, m2 = cocopeat, m3 = husk charcoal, m4 = top soil + cocopeat m5 = top soil + husk charcoal, m6 = cocopeat + chaff charcoal) and polyploidy chrysanthemum genotypes (g1 = KAR0, g2 = KAR1, g3 = KAR2, g4 = KAR3, and g5 = KAR4) with two replications was designed. The results showed there were variations in plant height, stem diameter, number of nodes, number of floret, and stalk length on polyploidy Chrysanthemum genotypes due to different planting media. The m4 = top soil + cocopeat can increase plant height, stem diameter, number of nodes, stalk length and number of floret KAR4 genotype.
Climate Resilient Sustainable Agriculture for Restoring the Soil Health and Increasing Rice Productivity as Adaptation Strategy to Climate Change in Indonesia
Authors: Simarmata Tualar , Khais Proyoga M , Herdiyantoro Diyan , Setiawati Mieke R , Adinata Kustiwa , Stöber Silke
Published: November 2021

Climate change (CC) is real and threatens the livelihood of most smallholder farmers who reside along the coastal area. The CC causes the rise of temperature (0.2-0.3°C/decade) and sea level (SRL = 5 mm/year), drought and floods to occur more frequently, the change of rainfall intensity and pattern and shifting of planting season and leads to the decreasing of crop yield or yield loss. Most of the paddy soil has been exhausted and degraded. About 50% of the rice field along the coastline is effected by high salinity and causes significant yield losses. The research was aimed to summarize the results of the system of organic based aerobic rice intensification (known as IPATBO) and of two climate filed school (CFS) in Cinganjeng and Rawapu that situated along the coastline of Pangandaran and Cilacap. Both IPATBO and CFS have adopted the strategy of climate-resilient sustainable agriculture (CRSA) for restoring the soil health and increasing rice productivity, and as well as to empower the farmer community. The implementation of IPATBO (2010-2020) in the different areas has increased the soil health, fertilizers, and water efficiency (reduce inorganic by 25-50%, and water by 30-40%) and increased rice productivity by at least 25-50%. Both CFS in Ciganjeng and Rawaapu were able to improve soil fertility, increase rice productivity, and farmer capacity. This result concludes the agro-ecological based CRSA and CFS can be adopted for the increasing the resilient of agricultural practices and farmers in adapting to climate change
Fault Diagnosis in Belt Transmission Using Wavelet Enveloped Spectrum
Authors: Kumar Sujesh , Lokesha M , Kiran Kumar M V , Ramachandra C G
Published: November 2021

In the recent years, there is a need for the evolution of methodologies for vibrational analysis by condition monitoring. In this regard, wavelet analysis has become a tool to efficiently detect the features of any vibration signal. The application of wavelet analysis for finding fault in the belt drive is presented in this paper. Vibration signal has been obtained from a healthy and faulty belt drive using a belt drive testing apparatus for experimental studies. The fault diagnostic capability of wavelet analysis has been compared by processing an experimental data. The experiment is done for various working conditions of belt drive. The advantages of wavelet analysis is shown in comparison with Fast Fourier Transform.
Creep of a heterogeneous polymer cylindrical shell
Authors: Andreev Vladimir , Yazyev Batyr
Published: November 2021

The article deals with the problem of calculating an heterogeneous cylindrical shell made of a filled polymer, which is in the process of creep under the action of constant internal pressure and temperature. The calculation is based on the Maxwell -Gurevich equation, which has been repeatedly tested in the calculations of structural elements made of polymer and composite materials. The dependence of the physical and mechanical characteristics of the material on temperature is taken into account.
Cluster Connectivity And Super Cluster Connectivity Of DQcube
Authors: Zhou Qianru , Zhou Shuming , Liu Xiaoqing , Yu Zhengqin
Published: November 2021

As a fundamental metric, the connectivity to assess fault tolerance and reliability of interconnection networks has been extensively explored. However, classical connectivity is not very effective at evaluating large-scale networking systems. To overcome this deficiency, two new indices, cluster connectivity and super cluster connectivity, have been proposed to characterize the robustness of interconnection networks. This paper focuses on investigating $\mathcal{H} (\mathcal{H}^{*})$-cluster connectivity and super $\mathcal{H} (\mathcal{H}^{*})$-connectivity of composition graph $DQ_{n}$, based on disc-ring and hypercube, for $\mathcal{H}\in \{K_{1,r}\ |\ 0\leq r\leq n+1\}$, respectively. In detail, we show that $\kappa (DQ_{n}|K_{1,1} (K_{1,1}^{*}))=\kappa ^{\prime}(DQ_{n}|K_{1,1}(K_{1,1}^{*})) =n+1 (n\geq 3)$, $\kappa (DQ_{n}|K_{1,r}(K_{1,r}^{*})) =\left\lceil \frac{n}{2}\right\rceil +1 (2\leq r\leq 4)$ for $n\geq 3$, $\kappa ^{\prime}(DQ_{n}|K_{1}(K_{1}^{*})) =\kappa ^{\prime}(DQ_{n})=2n (n\geq 3)$, and for $2\leq r\leq 3$ and $k\geq 2$, $$\begin{align*} \kappa^{\prime}(DQ_{n}|K_{1,r}(K_{1,r}^{*}))=\left\{\begin{array}{@{}ll} n+1, & if\ n=2k+1; \\ n, & if\ n=2k. \end{array}\right. \end{align*}$$As by-products, we show that DQcube is super $K_{1,r}-\ (K_{1,r}^{*}-)$connected $(2\leq r\leq 3)$, and derive the 4-extra connectivity of DQcube $\kappa _{4}(DQ_{n}) = 5n-9 (n\geq 4)$.
Spread through air spaces is a common phenomenon of pulmonary metastasized tumours regardless of origins
Authors: Ma Yi , Zhang Yuanyuan , Li Haoran , Li Jiawei , Chen Haiming , Wang Peiyu , Xiao Rongxin , Li Xiao , Wang Shaodong , Qiu Mantang
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVES

Spread through air spaces (STAS) is a unique pattern of invasion in primary lung cancers. However, little is known about STAS in pulmonary metastases (PMs). This study was to investigate the incidence of STAS among PMs and the association between STAS and clinicopathological characteristics of PMs.

METHODS

A total of 127 patients who underwent metastasectomy at our institution from June 2009 to December 2019 were retrospectively analysed. Survival analysis was performed in 40 patients with PM from colorectal cancer (CRC).

RESULTS

STAS was identified in 33.1% of patients (42 of 127) with PMs. STAS was found in PMs of various primary cancers, including CRC, breast cancer, renal cell carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma and osteogenic and soft tissue sarcoma, but the incidence varies. PMs originating from epithelial tissue showed higher incidence of STAS than those from mesenchymal tissue (45% vs 11%, P < 0.001). Elder age (P = 0.006) and primary sites (P < 0.001) were significantly correlated with STAS. In patients with PMs from CRC, the presence of STAS was an independent predictor of shorter recurrence-free survival (hazard ratio = 10.25, P = 0.002) and poor overall survival (hazard ratio = 4.75, P = 0.047) by multivariable analysis.

CONCLUSIONS

STAS might be a lung-specific tumour invasion pattern and STAS is commonly observed in PMs of different origins. The incidence of STAS was significantly higher in PMs originating from epithelial tissues than those from mesenchymal tissues. Presence of STAS was an independent predictor of poor prognosis in patients with PM from CRC.
Long-term safety and efficacy of anacetrapib in patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease
Authors:   The HPS3/TIMI55-REVEAL Collaborative Group,   Writing Committee, Sammons E , Hopewell J C , Chen F , Stevens W , Wallendszus K , Valdes-Marquez E , Dayanandan R , Knott C , Murphy K , Wincott E , Baxter A , Goodenough R , Lay M , Hill M , Macdonnell S , Fabbri G , Lucci D , Fajardo-Moser M , Brenner S , Hao D , Zhang H , Liu J , Wuhan B , Mosegaard S , Herrington W , Wanner C , Angermann C , Ertl G , Maggioni A , Barter P , Mihaylova B , Mitchel Y , Blaustein R , Goto S , Tobert J , DeLucca P , Chen Y , Chen Z , Gray A , Haynes R , Armitage J , Baigent C , Wiviott S , Cannon C , Braunwald E , Collins R , Bowman L , Landray M ,   REVEAL Collaborative Group
Published: December 2021

Aims

REVEAL was the first randomized controlled trial to demonstrate that adding cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor therapy to intensive statin therapy reduced the risk of major coronary events. We now report results from extended follow-up beyond the scheduled study treatment period.

Methods and results

A total of 30 449 adults with prior atherosclerotic vascular disease were randomly allocated to anacetrapib 100 mg daily or matching placebo, in addition to open-label atorvastatin therapy. After stopping the randomly allocated treatment, 26 129 survivors entered a post-trial follow-up period, blind to their original treatment allocation. The primary outcome was first post-randomization major coronary event (i.e. coronary death, myocardial infarction, or coronary revascularization) during the in-trial and post-trial treatment periods, with analysis by intention-to-treat. Allocation to anacetrapib conferred a 9% [95% confidence interval (CI) 3–15%; P = 0.004] proportional reduction in the incidence of major coronary events during the study treatment period (median 4.1 years). During extended follow-up (median 2.2 years), there was a further 20% (95% CI 10–29%; P < 0.001) reduction. Overall, there was a 12% (95% CI 7–17%, P < 0.001) proportional reduction in major coronary events during the overall follow-up period (median 6.3 years), corresponding to a 1.8% (95% CI 1.0–2.6%) absolute reduction. There were no significant effects on non-vascular mortality, site-specific cancer, or other serious adverse events. Morbidity follow-up was obtained for 25 784 (99%) participants.

Conclusion

The beneficial effects of anacetrapib on major coronary events increased with longer follow-up, and no adverse effects emerged on non-vascular mortality or morbidity. These findings illustrate the importance of sufficiently long treatment and follow-up duration in randomized trials of lipid-modifying agents to assess their full benefits and potential harms.

Trial registration

International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN) 48678192; ClinicalTrials.gov No. NCT01252953; EudraCT No. 2010-023467-18.
Thermal performance comparative analysis of nanofluid flows at an oblique stagnation point considering Xue model: a solar application
Authors: Ramzan Muhammad , Shahmir Nazia , Alotaibi Hammad , Ghazwani Hassan Ali S , Muhammad Taseer
Published: November 2021

This exploration aims to study the comparison of heat transfer capabilities of two nanofluid oblique, steady stagnation-point flow combinations comprising single-walled carbon/water (SWCNHs/water) and multiwalled carbon nanotube/water (MWCNTs/water) toward a stretching surface influenced by nonlinear thermal radiation employing the Xue model. This envisaged comparison model is inimitable and still scarce in the literature. Relying on the Tiwari–Das nanofluid model, a mathematical framework is constructed. The system of partial differential equations is converted using suitable transformations into an ordinary differential system of three equations, which is evaluated numerically using the bvp4c method. The physical behavior of significant parameters and their graphical representation are thoroughly examined. The results show that the SWCNHs/water nanofluid outperforms the MWCNTs/water nanofluid. It is further witnessed that SWCNH nanoparticle contained nanofluid has considerably greater thermal radiation than MWCNT nanoparticles. The envisaged model is also validated by comparing it with a published study.
Tidal disruption discs formed and fed by stream–stream and stream–disc interactions in global GRHD simulations
Authors: Andalman Zachary L , Liska Matthew T P , Tchekhovskoy Alexander , Coughlin Eric R , Stone Nicholas
Published: November 2021

When a star passes close to a supermassive black hole (BH), the BH’s tidal forces rip it apart into a thin stream, leading to a tidal disruption event (TDE). In this work, we study the post-disruption phase of TDEs in general relativistic hydrodynamics (GRHD) using our GPU-accelerated code h-amr. We carry out the first grid-based simulation of a deep-penetration TDE (β = 7) with realistic system parameters: a black hole-to-star mass ratio of 106, a parabolic stellar trajectory, and a non-zero BH spin. We also carry out a simulation of a tilted TDE whose stellar orbit is inclined relative to the BH midplane. We show that for our aligned TDE, an accretion disc forms due to the dissipation of orbital energy with ∼20 per cent of the infalling material reaching the BH. The dissipation is initially dominated by violent self-intersections and later by stream–disc interactions near the pericentre. The self-intersections completely disrupt the incoming stream, resulting in five distinct self-intersection events separated by approximately 12 h and a flaring in the accretion rate. We also find that the disc is eccentric with mean eccentricity e ≈ 0.88. For our tilted TDE, we find only partial self-intersections due to nodal precession near pericentre. Although these partial intersections eject gas out of the orbital plane, an accretion disc still forms with a similar accreted fraction of the material to the aligned case. These results have important implications for disc formation in realistic tidal disruptions. For instance, the periodicity in accretion rate induced by the complete stream disruption may explain the flaring events from Swift J1644+57.
cLoops2: a full-stack comprehensive analytical tool for chromatin interactions
Authors: Cao Yaqiang , Liu Shuai , Ren Gang , Tang Qingsong , Zhao Keji
Published: December 2021

Investigating chromatin interactions between regulatory regions such as enhancer and promoter elements is vital for understanding the regulation of gene expression. Compared to Hi-C and its variants, the emerging 3D mapping technologies focusing on enriched signals, such as TrAC-looping, reduce the sequencing cost and provide higher interaction resolution for cis-regulatory elements. A robust pipeline is needed for the comprehensive interpretation of these data, especially for loop-centric analysis. Therefore, we have developed a new versatile tool named cLoops2 for the full-stack analysis of these 3D chromatin interaction data. cLoops2 consists of core modules for peak-calling, loop-calling, differentially enriched loops calling and loops annotation. It also contains multiple modules for interaction resolution estimation, data similarity estimation, features quantification, feature aggregation analysis, and visualization. cLoops2 with documentation and example data are open source and freely available at GitHub: https://github.com/KejiZhaoLab/cLoops2.
The Great Dialectic
Authors: Brandt Loren , Thun Eric
Published: November 2021

This chapter examines China’s mixed upgrading and innovation record in the context of the ongoing debate over the role of the state vis-à-vis the market. A key finding that emerges is that sectors that have been most open to competition, in which entry and exit are less encumbered and, more generally, in which firms have been free from the often-distorting hand of the Chinese state, are those that have been most successful in cultivating domestic firms able to compete domestically and globally. Central to our assessment is how firms in these sectors have been better able to leverage China’s rapidly growing domestic market to their competitive advantage in the course of their upgrading and innovation efforts.
The genome and preliminary single-nuclei transcriptome ofLemna minutareveals mechanisms of invasiveness
Authors: Abramson Bradley W , Novotny Mark , Hartwick Nolan T , Colt Kelly , Aevermann Brian D , Scheuermann Richard H , Michael Todd P
Published: December 2021

The ability to trace every cell in some model organisms has led to the fundamental understanding of development and cellular function. However, in plants the complexity of cell number, organ size, and developmental time makes this a challenge even in the diminutive model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Duckweed, basal nongrass aquatic monocots, provide an opportunity to follow every cell of an entire plant due to their small size, reduced body plan, and fast clonal growth habit. Here we present a chromosome-resolved genome for the highly invasive Lesser Duckweed (Lemna minuta) and generate a preliminary cell atlas leveraging low cell coverage single-nuclei sequencing. We resolved the 360 megabase genome into 21 chromosomes, revealing a core nonredundant gene set with only the ancient tau whole-genome duplication shared with all monocots, and paralog expansion as a result of tandem duplications related to phytoremediation. Leveraging SMARTseq2 single-nuclei sequencing, which provided higher gene coverage yet lower cell count, we profiled 269 nuclei covering 36.9% (8,457) of the L. minuta transcriptome. Since molecular validation was not possible in this nonmodel plant, we leveraged gene orthology with model organism single-cell expression datasets, gene ontology, and cell trajectory analysis to define putative cell types. We found that the tissue that we computationally defined as mesophyll expressed high levels of elemental transport genes consistent with this tissue playing a role in L. minuta wastewater detoxification. The L. minuta genome and preliminary cell map provide a paradigm to decipher developmental genes and pathways for an entire plant.
Type 2C protein phosphatase clade D family members dephosphorylate guard cell plasma membrane H+-ATPase
Authors: Akiyama Mitsumasa , Sugimoto Hodaka , Inoue Shin-ichiro , Takahashi Yohei , Hayashi Maki , Hayashi Yuki , Mizutani Miya , Ogawa Takumi , Kinoshita Daichi , Ando Eigo , Park Meeyeon , Gray William M , Kinoshita Toshinori
Published: December 2021

Plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase in guard cells is activated by phosphorylation of the penultimate residue, threonine (Thr), in response to blue and red light, promoting stomatal opening. Previous in vitro biochemical investigation suggested that Mg2+- and Mn2+-dependent membrane-localized type 2C protein phosphatase (PP2C)-like activity mediates the dephosphorylation of PM H+-ATPase in guard cells. PP2C clade D (PP2C.D) was later demonstrated to be involved in PM H+-ATPase dephosphorylation during auxin-induced cell expansion in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). However, it is unclear whether PP2C.D phosphatases are involved in PM H+-ATPase dephosphorylation in guard cells. Transient expression experiments using Arabidopsis mesophyll cell protoplasts revealed that all PP2C.D isoforms dephosphorylate the endogenous PM H+-ATPase. We further analyzed PP2C.D6/8/9, which display higher expression levels than other isoforms in guard cells, observing that pp2c.d6, pp2c.d8, and pp2c.d9 single mutants showed similar light-induced stomatal opening and phosphorylation status of PM H+-ATPase in guard cells as Col-0. In contrast, the pp2c.d6/9 double mutant displayed wider stomatal apertures and greater PM H+-ATPase phosphorylation in response to blue light, but delayed dephosphorylation of PM H+-ATPase in guard cells; the pp2c.d6/8/9 triple mutant showed similar phenotypes to those of the pp2c.d6/9 double mutant. Taken together, these results indicate that PP2C.D6 and PP2C.D9 redundantly mediate PM H+-ATPase dephosphorylation in guard cells. Curiously, unlike auxin-induced cell expansion in seedlings, auxin had no effect on the phosphorylation status of PM H+-ATPase in guard cells.
Undifferentiated arthritis: a changing population who did not benefit from enhanced disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug strategies—results from a 25 year longitudinal inception cohort
Authors: Verstappen Marloes , Matthijssen Xanthe M E , van der Helm-van Mil Annette H M
Published: November 2021

Objectives

International guidelines stress timely DMARD initiation in early arthritis as well as when classification criteria are not yet fulfilled. Consequently, undifferentiated arthritis (UA) patients may be increasingly treated with DMARDs. Since UA is a diagnosis of exclusion, the introduction of the 2010 classification criteria presumably decreased the UA population, as former UA patients became regarded as RA. Consequently, the contemporary definition of UA has changed into: no clinical diagnosis and not fulfilling the 1987 nor 2010 RA-criteria. Importantly, placebo-controlled trials on DMARD efficacy in contemporary UA are absent. We aimed to study whether enhanced treatment strategies across the last 25 years improved outcomes in contemporary UA, whereby inclusion period was used as instrumental variable for DMARD treatment.

Methods

UA was defined, retrospectively, as clinical arthritis (joint swelling at physical examination) neither fulfilling the 1987 nor 2010 RA-criteria or any other clinical diagnosis. In total, 1132 UA patients consecutively included in the Leiden Early Arthritis Clinic between 1993 and 2019 were divided into five inclusion periods: 1993–1997, 1998–2005, 2006–2010, 2011–2014 and 2015–2019. The frequency of DMARD initiation was compared across the inclusion periods, as were the following outcomes: 28-joint DAS with CRP (DAS28-CRP) and the HAQ Disability Index (HAQ-DI) during follow-up, prevalence of DMARD-free-status within 10 years (DFS; spontaneous remission or sustained remission after DMARD stop) and progression to RA (according 1987/2010 criteria).

Results

The contemporary UA population is mainly autoantibody negative, with a median swollen joint count of 2, tender joint count of 3 and HAQ score of 0.6. These characteristics were similar across the inclusion periods. DMARD treatment increased from 17% (1993–1997) to 52% (2015–2019) and methotrexate became more common. The DAS28-CRP during follow-up improved from 2011 onwards (−0.18 to −0.25 DAS units; P < 0.05). Disability scores during follow-up did not significantly improve. DFS prevalence also remained similar: 58%, 57% and 61% for 1993–1997, 1998–2005 and 2006–2010, respectively (P = 0.77). Likewise, the percentages of RA development did not decrease (14%, 21%, 26%, 18% and 27%, respectively).

Conclusion

Although intensified DMARD treatment slightly improved disease activity scores, physical functioning and long-term outcomes did not improve. This suggests overtreatment in the contemporary UA population and underlines the importance of developing stratification methods suitable for this patient-population.