bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The scaling relation between galaxy luminosity and WHIM density from EAGLE simulations with application to SDSS data
Authors: Holt Patrick , Tuominen Toni , Nevalainen Jukka , Bonamente Massimiliano , Kuutma Teet , Heinämäki Pekka , Tempel E
Published: March 2022

This paper presents an updated scaling relation between the optical luminosity density (LD) of galaxies in the r band and the density of the warm–hot intergalactic medium (WHIM) in cosmic filaments, using the high-resolution EAGLE simulations. We find a strong degree of correlation between the WHIM density and the galaxy luminosity density, resulting in a scaling relation between the two quantities that permits us to predict the WHIM density of filaments with a scatter of less than $\frac {1}{2}$ dex in a broad range of smoothed filament luminosity densities. In order to estimate the performance of the simulation-based calibration of the LD–WHIM density relation, we applied it to a sample of low-redshift filaments detected with the Bisous method in the Legacy Survey SDSS DR12 data. In the volume covered by the SDSS data, our relation predicts a WHIM density amounting to 31 ± 7 ± 12 per cent (statistical errors followed by systematic) of cosmic baryon density. This agrees, albeit within the large uncertainties, with the current estimates of the cosmological missing baryon fraction, implying that our LD–WHIM density relation may be a useful tool in the search for the missing baryons. This method of analysis provides a new promising avenue to study the physical properties of the missing baryons, using an observable that is available for large volumes of the sky, complementary and independent from WHIM searches with absorption-line systems in the FUV or X-rays.
CRISPR–Cas9 gRNA efficiency prediction: an overview of predictive tools and the role of deep learning
Authors: Konstantakos Vasileios , Nentidis Anastasios , Krithara Anastasia , Paliouras Georgios
Published: March 2022

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system has become a successful and promising technology for gene-editing. To facilitate its effective application, various computational tools have been developed. These tools can assist researchers in the guide RNA (gRNA) design process by predicting cleavage efficiency and specificity and excluding undesirable targets. However, while many tools are available, assessment of their application scenarios and performance benchmarks are limited. Moreover, new deep learning tools have been explored lately for gRNA efficiency prediction, but have not been systematically evaluated. Here, we discuss the approaches that pertain to the on-target activity problem, focusing mainly on the features and computational methods they utilize. Furthermore, we evaluate these tools on independent datasets and give some suggestions for their usage. We conclude with some challenges and perspectives about future directions for CRISPR–Cas9 guide design.
Immunoglobulin M seroneutralization for improved confirmation of Japanese encephalitis virus infection in a flavivirus-endemic area
Authors: Bharucha Tehmina , Ayhan Nazli , Pastorino Boris , Rattanavong Sayaphet , Vongsouvath Manivanh , Mayxay Mayfong , Changthongthip Anisone , Sengvilaipaseuth Onanong , Phonemixay Ooyanong , Pommier Jean-David , Gorman Christopher , Zitzmann Nicole , Newton Paul N , de Lamballerie Xavier , Dubot-Pérès Audrey
Published: March 2022

Background

The mainstay of diagnostic confirmation of acute Japanese encephalitis (JE) involves detection of anti-JE virus (JEV) immunoglobulin M (IgM) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Limitations in the specificity of this test are increasingly apparent with the introduction of JEV vaccinations and the endemicity of other cross-reactive flaviviruses. Virus neutralization testing (VNT) is considered the gold standard, but it is challenging to implement and interpret. We performed a pilot study to assess IgG depletion prior to VNT for detection of anti-JEV IgM neutralizing antibodies (IgM-VNT) as compared with standard VNT.

Methods

We evaluated IgM-VNT in paired sera from anti-JEV IgM ELISA-positive patients (JE n=35) and negative controls of healthy flavivirus-naïve (n=10) as well as confirmed dengue (n=12) and Zika virus (n=4) patient sera. IgM-VNT was subsequently performed on single sera from additional JE patients (n=76).

Results

Anti-JEV IgG was detectable in admission serum of 58% of JE patients. The positive, negative and overall percentage agreement of IgM-VNT as compared with standard VNT was 100%. A total of 12/14 (86%) patient samples were unclassified by VNT and, with sufficient sample available for IgG depletion and IgG ELISA confirming depletion, were classified by IgM-VNT. IgM-VNT enabled JE case classification in 72/76 (95%) patients for whom only a single sample was available.

Conclusions

The novel approach has been readily adapted for high-throughput testing of single patient samples and it holds promise for incorporation into algorithms for use in reference centres.
Real-World Comparison of Isavuconazole and Voriconazole in Terms of the Need for Dosage Adjustments Guided by Clinical Pharmacological Advice During Primary Prophylaxis of Invasive Fungal Infections in Pediatric Patients with Hemato-Oncological Malignancies
Authors: Gatti Milo , Campoli Caterina , Belotti Tamara , Cojutti Pier Giorgio , Masetti Riccardo , Pession Andrea , Viale Pierluigi , Pea Federico
Published: March 2022

Background:

Limited evidence concerning optimal azole dosing regimens currently exists for antifungal prophylaxis in hemato-oncological pediatric patients.

Methods:

Hemato-oncological children receiving intravenous or oral isavuconazole or voriconazole for primary antifungal prophylaxis at IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria of Bologna during November 2020 to October 2021 and undergoing CPA programs based on real-time therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) were retrospectively analyzed. CPAs for isavuconazole and voriconazole and the number of dosage adjustments were collected. Normalized trough concentrations [(Cmin)/dose/kg] were calculated for both drugs at each TDM assessment, and the coefficient of variation was determined. The efficacy and safety of the drugs were evaluated.

Results:

Sixteen hemato-oncological pediatric patients received azole prophylaxis (mean age and weight: 9.1 ± 4.9 years and 32.6 ± 16.0 kg; 6 isavuconazole and 10 voriconazole). Sixty and 89 CPAs were delivered as isavuconazole and voriconazole, respectively. Dosage adjustments were needed in 3.3% of cases for isavuconazole and 53.9% of cases for voriconazole (P < 0.001). At first TDM, achievement of the desired target during standard dosing regimens was higher for isavuconazole (83.3%) than for voriconazole (10.0%; P = 0.008). Dispersion of normalized concentrations was higher for voriconazole (CV = 139.1% vs. CV = 79.4%). Elevation of ALT and aspartate aminotransferase levels between baseline and the third month was higher in patients receiving voriconazole (median, 28 vs. 90 U/L; P = 0.038, and 19 vs. 65.5 U/L; P = 0.002).

Conclusions:

Our findings suggest that there is limited variability in isavuconazole exposure in hemato-oncological pediatric patients receiving azole prophylaxis, resulting in a low need for CPA-guided dosage adjustments.
Predictors of Implicit and Explicit Internalized Stigma in a Sample With Different Mental Illness Diagnoses
Authors: González-Sanguino Clara , Muñoz Manuel
Published: March 2022

This research aimed to study implicit and explicit internalized stigma and its relationship with other variables in a sample of people with distinct mental illness diagnoses (N = 160). Descriptive analysis, mean differences, correlations, and stepwise regression models were conducted. Implicit and explicit internalized stigma was found throughout the sample with differences depending on certain sociodemographic variables. Regression models revealed symptomatology, physical environment, personality traits, references to mental illness, and the time taken to seek professional help as predictors of explicit internalized stigma. At the implicit level, only self-esteem was found as a predictor explaining a low percentage of the variance. The results obtained underline the differences between implicit and explicit stigma, suggesting different relevant variables for interventions focused on prevention and internalized stigma reduction.
Nitratireductor rhodophyticola sp. nov., isolated from marine red algae
Authors: Kim Kyung Hyun , Kristyanto Sylvia , Kim Hyung Min , Kim Kyeong Ryeol , Jeon Che Ok
Published: March 2022

Two Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic bacteria, strains L1-7-SET and R6, isolated from marine red algae, were characterized. They shared 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and a 100 % digital DNA–DNA hybridization (DDH) value, representing members of a single species. Cells of strains L1-7-SET and R6 were catalase- and oxidase-positive motile rods with a single polar flagellum. Strains L1-7-SET and R6 optimally grew at 30–35 °C, pH 7.0–8.0 and with 1.0–2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Ubiquinone-10 was the sole isoprenoid quinone and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c and summed feature 8 (comprising C18 : 1
 ω7c and/or C18 : 1
 ω6c) were detected as the major cellular fatty acids. The DNA G+C contents of strains L1-7-SET and R6 were both 61.62 mol%. The polar lipids of strain L1-7-SET consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified aminolipid, an unidentified phospholipid and two unidentified polar lipids. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene and 120 protein marker sequences revealed that strains L1-7-SET and R6 formed a phyletic lineage within the genus

Nitratireductor

and they were most closely related to

Nitratireductor aquibiodomus

NL21T and

Nitratireductor kimnyeongensis

KY 101T with both 98.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities. Digital DDH values between strain L1-7-SET and the type strains of

N. aquibiodomus

and

N. kimnyeongensis

were 60.3 and 29.5 %, respectively. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular features support that strains L1-7-SET and R6 represents a novel species of the genus

Nitratireductor

, for which the name Nitratireductor rhodophyticola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is L1-7-SET (=KACC 19076T=KCTC 92231T=JCM 31802T).
Dynamic analysis of sequestration-based feedbacks in cellular and biomolecular circuits
Authors: Dey Supravat , Vargas-Garcia Cesar A. , Singh Abhyudai
Published: March 2022

Nonlinear feedback controllers are ubiquitous features of biological systems at different scales. A key motif arising in these systems is a sequestration-based feedback. As a physiological example of this type of feedback architecture, platelets (specialized cells involved in blood clotting) differentiate from stem cells, and this process is activated by a protein called Thrombopoietin (TPO). Platelets actively sequester and degrade TPO, creating negative feedback whereby any depletion of platelets increases the levels of freely available TPO that upregulates platelet production. We show similar examples of sequestration-based feedback in intracellular biomolecular circuits involved in heat-shock response and microRNA regulation. Our systematic analysis of this feedback motif reveals that platelets induced degradation of TPO is critical in enhancing system robustness to external disturbances. In contrast, reversible sequestration of TPO without degradation results in poor robustness to disturbances. We develop exact analytical results quantifying the limits to which the sensitivity to disturbances can be attenuated by sequestration-based feedback. Next, we consider the stochastic formulation of the circuit that takes into account low-copy number fluctuations in feedback components. Interestingly, our results show that the extent of random fluctuations are enhanced with increasing feedback strength, but can exhibit local maxima and minima across parameter regimes. In summary, our systematic analysis highlights design principles for enhancing the robustness of sequestration-based feedback mechanisms to external disturbances and inherent noise in molecular counts.
Characteristics of N6-methyladenosine modification during sexual reproduction of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Lv Ying , Han Fei , Liu Mengxia , Zhang Ting , Cui Guanshen , Wang Jiaojiao , Yang Ying , Yang Yun-Gui , Yang Wenqiang
Published: March 2022

The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (referred to as Chlamydomonas throughout) is an ideal model organism which possesses both plant and animal attribute for studying the fundamental processes such as photosynthesis, sexual reproduction and life cycle etc. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent mRNA modification and plays important roles during sexual reproduction in animals and plants. However, the pattern and function of m6A modification during Chlamydomonas sexual reproduction is still unknown. Here, we performed transcriptome and MeRIP sequencing on the six samples from different stages during sexual reproduction of Chlamydomonas life cycle. The results showed that m6A occurs widely at the main motif of UGKAM (K= U/G, M= A/C) in Chlamydomonas mRNA. Moreover, m6A peak in Chlamydomonas mRNA is mainly enriched in the 3’UTR region and negatively correlated with the abundance of the transcripts at each stage. Especially, genes in microtubule-associated pathway showed a significant negative correlation between gene expression level and m6A level, indicating the influences of m6A modification on sexual reproduction and life cycle of Chlamydomonas through regulating microtubule-based movement. In summary, our findings first demonstrate the distributions and the functions of m6A modification in Chlamydomonas and provide new insights into the understandings of m6A modification in the process of sexual reproduction in other plant organisms evolutionarily.
Deep brain stimulation creates information lesion through membrane depolarization
Authors: Lowet Eric , Kondabolu Krishnakanth , Zhou Samuel , Mount Rebecca A. , Ravasio Cara , Han Xue
Published: March 2022

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a promising neuromodulation therapy that alters neural activity via intracranial electrical stimulation. However, the neurophysiological mechanisms of DBS remain largely unknown, because of the difficulty of obtaining cellular resolution recordings without electrical interference. Here, we performed high-speed membrane voltage fluorescence imaging of individual hippocampal CA1 neurons during DBS in awake mice. We discovered that DBS, delivered at either 40Hz or 140Hz, reliably depolarizes somatic membrane potentials. Further, DBS enhanced spike rates and paced membrane voltage and spike timing at the stimulation frequency, though more prominent at 40Hz than 140Hz. To determine how DBS induced membrane voltage change impacts neuron’s ability to process inputs, we optogenetically evoked membrane depolarization. We found that neurons become unreliable in responding to optogenetic inputs during DBS, particularly during 140Hz DBS. These results demonstrate that DBS produces powerful membrane depolarization that interferes with neuron’s ability to process inputs, creating information lesion.
MS1/MMD1homologs in the mossP. patensare required for male and female gametogenesis and likely for sporogenesis
Authors: Landberg Katarina , Lopez-Obando Mauricio , Vera Victoria Sanchez , Sundberg Eva , Thelander Mattias
Published: March 2022

The Arabidopsis Plant HomeoDomain (PHD) proteins AtMS1 and AtMMD1 provide chromatin-mediated transcriptional regulation essential for tapetum-dependent pollen formation. Such pollen-based male gametogenesis is a derived trait of seed plants. Male gametogenesis in the common ancestors of land plants is instead likely to have been reminiscent of that in extant bryophytes where flagellated sperms are produced by an elaborate gametophyte generation. Still, also bryophytes possess MS1/MMD1-related PHD proteins.

We addressed the function of two MS1/MMD1-homologs in the bryophyte model mossPhyscomitrium patensby the generation and analysis of reporter and loss-of-function lines.

The two genes are together essential for both male and female fertility by providing cell autonomous functions in the gamete-producing inner cells of antheridia and archegonia. They are furthermore expressed in the diploid sporophyte generation suggesting a function during sporogenesis, a process proposed related by descent to pollen formation in angiosperms.

We propose that the moss MS1/MMD1-related regulatory network required for completion of male and female gametogenesis and possibly for sporogenesis, represent a heritage from ancestral land plants.
A Coiled-Coil-Based Design Strategy for the Thermostabilization of G-Protein-Coupled Receptors
Authors: Amer Marwa , Frey Daniel , Li Xiaodan , Kammerer Richard A.
Published: March 2022

The most common methods for generating crystallizable GPCRs are scanning alanine mutagenesis and fusion to crystallization-facilitating partner proteins. The major goal of our work was to create a new GPCR tool that would provide receptor stability and additional soluble surface for crystallization. Towards this aim, we selected the two-stranded antiparallel coiled coil as a domain fold that satisfies both criteria. A selection of antiparallel coiled coils was used for structure-guided substitution of intracellular loop of the β3 adrenergic receptor. Unexpectedly, only the two GPCR variants containing thermostable coiled coils were expressed. We showed that one GPCR chimera is stable upon purification in detergent, retains ligand-binding properties, and can be crystallized. However, the quality of the crystals was not suitable for structure determination. To supply additional surface for promoting crystal contacts, we replaced in a structure-based approach the loop of the antiparallel coiled coil by T4L. Although expression is currently not suitable for structural work, we found that the engineered GPCR is even more stable than the coiled-coil variant. Our approach should be of interest for applications that benefit from stable GPCRs.
Knowledge generation and market orientation during global crises in supply chains
Authors: Martins Fellipe Silva , Vils Leonardo , Serra Fernando Antonio Ribeiro , da Silva Junior Wanderley , Napolitano Domingos Márcio Márcio Rodrigues
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Supply chains (SCs) depend on interorganizational relationships (IORs) to function optimally, yet crises may lessen the knowledge flows therein. This paper aims to address this issue by proposing a mediation effect between knowledge generation and market orientation by crisis perception in SC.

Design/methodology/approach

Partial least square structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses. Data collection comprised 279 full answers of business-to-business organizations in global SCs.

Findings

The data provide evidence that, contrary to the extant literature, knowledge generation during a crisis in a SC does not mitigate crisis perception. In addition, findings suggest there are no significant differences between manufacturing and service SCs in sensemaking during crises and that during crises, SC links diminish cooperation in terms of knowledge generation and sharing and focus on individual performance.

Originality/value

The authors have found a conflicting theoretical issue – while extant literature posits setting IORs lead to high sunk cost, making IOR channels costly and reliable for information flows during crises, the behavioral perspective posits that when crises hit, exogenous shocks induce inwards focus diminishing information flows. The results provide insights on this seemingly inconsistent scenario and point to future avenues of research.
Giving form to future branding realities
Authors: Cova Bernard , Cantone Luigi , Testa Pierpaolo
Published: March 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to question the prospective relevance of conceptual articles on branding.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper advocates the development of conceptual articles with prospective relevance by emphasizing two key elements – the form and the context of discovery. The paper is illustrated with empirical data on how some branding researchers have produced such conceptual articles.

Findings

To author such articles the researchers might focus more on the initial phase of theorizing, when their intuition makes it possible to imagine new reality through alternative forms. The paper also highlights a need to reconsider the role of essays in branding research, particularly in writing conceptual pieces of prospective relevance.

Research limitations/implications

The connection between intuition and form is crucial to producing prospectively relevant conceptual articles. By evolving along the middle ground, without falling into empirical production on the one hand or guruization on the other, the researcher can give form to emerging branding phenomena.

Originality/value

The paper renews the debate on the need for more conceptual articles by focusing on a forgotten but crucial dimension: foresight relevance.
Characteristic flavour compounds and formation of Chinese Rubing cheese: Comparative study between two different acidification technologies
Authors: Wei Guangqiang , Zhao Qiong , Shi Yanan , Huang Aixiang
Published: March 2022

In this study, the flavour characteristics of the Chinese Rubing cheese produced through the traditional direct acidification (TRB) and fermented acidification technologies (FRB) were characterised by flavoromics. A total of eight and sixteen components were identified as the Characteristic Flavour Compounds (CFCs) of TRB and FRB, respectively. The CFCs of FRB were enriched in the methyl ketone, phenylalanine, methionine and leucine metabolic pathways, while the pyruvate metabolic pathway promoted the formation of CFCs of TRB. The partial least squares (PLS) analysis elucidated that benzaldehyde contributed to the milky and nutty aroma. Thus, the fermented acidification technology could be a potential approach for processing Rubing cheese.
Blocking cholesterol efflux mechanism is a potential target for antilymphoma therapy
Authors: Yano Hiromu , Fujiwara Yukio , Horlad Hasita , Pan Chang , Kai Keitaro , Niino Daisuke , Ohsawa Kumiko , Higashi Morihiro , Nosaka Kisato , Okuno Yutaka , Tamaru Jun‐ichi , Mukasa Akitake , Matsuoka Masao , Komohara Yoshihiro
Published: March 2022

Cholesterol is an essential plasma membrane lipid for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and cancer cell proliferation. Free cholesterol is harmful to cells; therefore, excessive free cholesterol must be quickly esterified by acetyl‐coenzyme A:cholesterol acetyltransferase (ACAT) and exported by scavenger receptor class B member I (SR‐BI) or ATP‐binding cassette protein A1 from specific cells such as macrophage foam cells, which contain cholesteryl ester‐derived vacuoles. Many vacuoles are present in the cytoplasm of Burkitt lymphoma cells. In this study, we observed that these vacuoles are often seen in high‐grade lymphomas. Cell culture study using lymphoma cell lines found that esterified cholesterol is the main component of these vacuoles and the expression of cholesterol metabolism‐related molecules was significantly upregulated in lymphoma cell lines, with SR‐BI and ACAT inhibitors (BLT‐1 and CI‐976, respectively) impeding lymphoma cell proliferation. Cytoplasmic free cholesterol was increased by ACAT and SR‐BI inhibitors, and the accumulation of free cholesterol induced lymphoma cell apoptosis by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress. Furthermore, synergistic effects of SR‐BI and ACAT inhibitors were observed in a preclinical study. Treatment with SR‐BI inhibitor suppressed lymphoma progression in a tumor‐bearing mouse model, whereas ACAT inhibitor did not. Therefore, SR‐BI inhibitors are potential new antilymphoma therapeutics that target cholesterol metabolism.
The prognostic role of interatrial block among COVID‐19 patients hospitalized in medicine wards
Authors: Russo Vincenzo , Albani Stefano , Caturano Alfredo , Weisz Sara Hana , Parisi Valentina , Conte Maddalena , Zaccaro Lorenzo , D’Andrea Antonello , Al‐Turky Ahmed , Marchel Michal , Marano Marco , Sasso Ferdinando Carlo , Attena Emilio
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Some abnormal electrocardiographic findings were independently associated with increased mortality in patients admitted for COVID‐19; however, no studies have focussed on the prognosis impact of the interatrial block (IAB) in this clinical setting. The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence and clinical implications of IAB, both partial and advanced, in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients.

Materials

We retrospectively evaluated 300 consecutive COVID‐19 patients (63.22 ± 15.16 years; 70% males) admitted to eight Italian Hospitals from February 2020 to April 2020 who underwent twelve lead electrocardiographic recording at admission. The study population has been dichotomized into two groups according to the evidence of IAB at admission, both partial and advanced. The differences in terms of ARDS in need of intubation, in‐hospital mortality and thromboembolic events (a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke and transient ischaemic attack) have been evaluated.

Results

The presence of IAB was noticed in 64 patients (21%). In the adjusted logistic regression model, the partial interatrial block was found to be an independent predictor of ARDS in need of intubation (HR: 1.92; p: .04) and in‐hospital mortality (HR: 2.65; p: .02); moreover, the advanced interatrial block was an independent predictor of thrombotic events (HR: 7.14; p < .001).

Conclusions

Among COVID‐19 patients hospitalized in medical wards, the presence of interatrial block is more frequent than in the general population and it might be useful as an early predictor for increased risk of incident thrombotic events, ARDS in need of intubation and in‐hospital mortality.
Network meta‐analysis of therapies for cluster headache: Effects of acute therapies for episodic and chronic cluster
Authors: Medrea Ioana , Christie Suzanne , Tepper Stewart J. , Thavorn Kednapa , Hutton Brian
Published: March 2022

Objective

We used network meta‐analysis (NMA) to characterize the relative effectiveness and harms of acute treatment options for cluster headache.

Background

There are few evidence‐based acute treatments available for cluster headache. As most treatments were compared only against placebos in clinical trials, few head‐to‐head comparisons of treatments are available.

Methods

An a priori registered scoping review was performed to identify randomized controlled trials evaluating treatments in adult patients (>18 years old) with cluster headache per accepted diagnostic criteria. Bayesian NMAs were performed to compare treatments in terms of headache relief at 15 or 30 min, and also the occurrence of adverse events. We report odds ratios (ORs) of relative treatment effects along with corresponding 95% credible intervals (CrIs), as well as measures of treatment ranking.

Results

A total of 13 randomized controlled trials informed NMAs. We found high flow oxygen to be the most effective therapy for headache response at 15 and 30 min (OR 9.0, 95% CrI 5.3 to 15.9 vs. placebo), with injectable sumatriptan demonstrating the next highest effect (OR 6.4, 95% CrI 3.75 to 11.1 vs. placebo). High flow oxygen was also more effective than low flow oxygen (OR 2.55, 95% CrI 1.13 to 5.8), nasal spray zolmitriptan (OR 3.75, 95% CrI 1.72 to 8.4), octreotide (OR 4.5, 95% CrI 1.64 to 12.5), and non‐invasive vagal nerve stimulation (nVNS; OR 5.2, 95% CrI 2.29 to 11.9). Sumatriptan injectable was also effective for headache relief and was found to be better than nasal spray zolmitriptan (OR 2.67, 95% CrI 1.21 to 5.9), octreotide (OR 3.20, 95% CrI 1.17 to 8.8), and nVNS (OR 3.69, 95% CrI 1.63 to 8.4). Octreotide (OR 4.1, 95% CrI 1.71 to 10.5) and sumatriptan (OR 2.40, 95% CrI 1.39 to 4.2) were associated with greater risk of adverse events compared to placebo, while other treatments did not demonstrate increased risk. When focusing on patients with episodic cluster headache, nVNS was significantly better than placebo (OR 4.9, 95% CrI 1.89 to 14.1).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that high flow oxygen is more efficacious when compared to low flow oxygen for headache relief. When low flow oxygen fails in patients who can tolerate oxygen, increased flow rates should be tried. Additionally, high flow oxygen is likely more effective than zolmitriptan nasal spray, nVNS, and octreotide. Sumatriptan injectable is more likely to be effective when compared to zolmitriptan nasal spray, octreotide, and nVNS.
Food frequency questionnaire for dietary assessment among adults at a risk of coronary heart disease: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Zhang Youjuan , Cheng Ho Yu , Zang Yuli , Choi Kai Chow , Chair Sek Ying
Published: March 2022

Aims and objectives

To develop and psychometrically test a food frequency questionnaire for adults at risk of coronary heart disease (Cardio‐FFQ).

Background

Comprehensive dietary assessment is critical for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, but appropriate instruments to perform this work are lacking.

Design

A sequential mixed‐methods study followed the COREQ and STROBE guidelines.

Methods

This study was conducted between April 2016 and November 2017. It started with dietary history interviews (Phase 1) to identify candidate food items of the Cardio‐FFQ, which validity and reliability were assessed (Phase 2) through expert consultation and four seasonal measurements, including test and retest with a 2‐week gap every season. Physical activity and blood glucose and lipids were assessed seasonally, while another FFQ was administered during the fourth measurement. Content analysis was used to analyse verbatim interview transcripts, while descriptive and inferential analyses were used to simplify the Cardio‐FFQ and examine its psychometric properties.

Results

Phase I involved 34 participants during their first onset of acute coronary syndrome and generated 176 candidate food items (consumed by at least three participants) under 12 food categories. These food items were simplified to form the 133‐item Cardio‐FFQ after discarding items with trivial contributions to food commonalities or between‐person variance. Further analysis showed that the simplified questionnaire had satisfactory content validity, concurrent validity, convergent validity, predictive validity, known‐group validity and test–retest reliability.

Conclusion

The 133‐item Cardio‐FFQ is a valid and reliable tool for a comprehensive dietary assessment appropriate for adults at risk of coronary heart disease.

Relevance to clinical practice

Nurses may use the Cardio‐FFQ to conduct a dietary assessment to better support people to commit to healthy diets, aiming to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease.
Efficiency of oro‐facial myofunctional therapy in treating obstructive sleep apnoea: A meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Zhang Feng , Tian Zhuo , Shu Yan , Zou Bin , Yao Hongbing , Li Shaojun , Li Qiu
Published: March 2022

Objective

The literature on oro‐facial myofunctional therapy (OMT) in children and adults with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) was systematically reviewed to investigate the effects of OMT on patients with OSA by age and disease severity to verify the effect of OMT on OSA.

Data sources

All the comparative literature was retrieved from the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane libraries.

Method

We searched the articles published up to 12 February 2022 and followed the preferred reporting project for systematic review and meta‐analysis of reports. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale.

Results

Of the primary indicators for evaluating OSA, 13 studies reported on the apnoea index (AHI), showing a decrease in the mean standard deviation of AHI from before OMT to after OMT (p < .00001). The lowest oxygen saturation was reported in nine studies, and the mean standard deviation of the lowest oxygen saturation increased from before to after OMT (p = .0009). Ten studies reported the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), indicating that the mean standard deviation of the ESS decreased from before to after OMT (p < .00001). The subgroup analysis showed that the AHI scores indicating mild and moderate OSA were significantly reduced, and the AHI scores indicating severe OSA also decreased, but this was not statistically significant. The lowest oxygen saturation increased obviously in patients with both mild and moderate and severe OSA. Of the secondary indicators of OSA, there was a statistically significant improvement in snoring intensity (p = .0002).

Conclusion

Oral and facial muscular function therapy can be used as a simple and non‐invasive new technique to improve the AHI, minimum oxygen saturation, ESS, and snoring intensity in patients with mild and moderate OSA and the lowest oxygen saturation in patients with severe OSA.
Purpureocillium lilacinum an emergent pathogen: antifungal susceptibility of environmental and clinical strains
Authors: Corrêa-Moreira D. , de Lima Neto R.G. , da Costa G.L. , de Moraes Borba C. , Oliveira M.M.E.
Published: March 2022

Purpureocillium lilacinum is a filamentous and hyaline fungus cosmopolitan, saprophytic, largely used in the biological control of plant-parasitic nematodes and insects, also considered an emerging and opportunistic human pathogen. The standard treatment for hyalohyphomycosis caused by P. lilacinum is not yet defined, since this fungus is resistant to different antifungals, in vitro and in vivo. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare in vitro antifungal activity against environmental and clinical P. lilacinum isolates and our results demonstrated that these isolates can be resistant to newer generation triazoles, such as voriconazole, and to caspofungin, a drug of the echinocandin class. In summary, we highlight the importance of knowing the different susceptibility profiles of P. lilacinum isolates, and besides that, the emergence of uncommon human and animal opportunistic fungi, such P. lilacinum, especially during COVID-19, highlight the need for antifungal susceptibility testing of isolates since empirical therapy with different treatment schedules failed in great number of patients.
Overexpression of OsHAK5 potassium transporter enhances virus resistance in rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Jing Xinxin , Song Xia , Cai Shenglai , Wang Pengyue , Lu Guodong , Yu Ling , Zhang Chao , Wu Zujian
Published: March 2022

Intracellular potassium (K+) transported by plants under the action of a number of transport proteins is crucial for plant survival under distinct abiotic and biotic stresses. A correlation between K+ status and disease incidence has been found in many studies, but the roles of K+ in regulating disease resistance to viral diseases remain elusive. Here, we report that HIGH‐AFFINITY K+ TRANSPORTER 5 (OsHAK5) regulates the infection of rice grassy stunt virus (RGSV), a negative‐sense single‐stranded bunyavirus, in rice (Oryza sativa). We found the K+ content in rice plants was significantly inhibited on RGSV infection. Meanwhile, a dramatic induction of OsHAK5 transcripts was observed in RGSV‐infected rice plants and in rice plants with K+ deficiency. Genetic analysis indicated that disruption of OsHAK5 facilitated viral pathogenicity. In contrast, overexpression of OsHAK5 enhanced resistance to RGSV infection. Our analysis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) including H2O2 and O2−, by DAB and NBT staining, respectively, indicated that RGSV infection as well as OsHAK5 overexpression increased ROS accumulation in rice leaves. The accumulation of ROS is perhaps involved in the induction of host resistance against RGSV infection in OsHAK5 transgenic overexpression rice plants. Furthermore, RGSV‐encoded P3 induced OsHAK5 promoter activity, suggesting that RGSV P3 is probably an elicitor for the induction of OsHAK5 transcripts during RGSV infection. These findings indicate the crucial role of OsHAK5 in host resistance to virus infection. Our results may be exploited in the future to increase crop yield as well as improve host resistance via genetic manipulations.
Learning from Aotearoa: Water governance challenges and debates
Authors: Harris Leila M.
Published: March 2022

The New Zealand experience continues to make an outsized imprint in water governance scholarship globally. The articles collected here press forward frontiers in hydrosocial and narrative approaches to water politics, reporting much‐needed grounded accounts of governance experimentation and providing critical insight into approaches towards decolonizing environmental governance. Although the contributions are – and must be – carefully situated within the specific historical and geographical context of Aotearoa, they do not shy away from the ‘big questions’ and have much to offer international readers.
Fear of parasitism affects the functional role of ecosystem engineers
Authors: Mouritsen Kim N. , Dalsgaard Nina P. , Flensburg Sarah B. , Madsen Josefine C. , Selbach Christian
Published: March 2022

Fear is an integral part of predator–prey interactions with cascading effects on the structure and function of ecosystems. Fear of parasitism holds a similar ecological potential but our understanding of the underlying mechanisms in host–parasite interactions is limited by lack of empirical examples. Here, we experimentally test if blue musselsMytilus edulisrespond behaviourally to the mere presence of infective transmission stages of the trematodeHimasthla elongataby ceasing filtration activity, thereby avoiding infection. Our results show that blue mussels reduced clearance rates by more than 30% in presence of parasites. The reduced filtration activity resulted in lower infection rates in experimental mussels. The identified parasite‐specific avoidance behaviour can be expected to play a significant role in regulating the ecosystem engineering function of blue mussels in coastal habitats.
Immunosuppressant‐associated eruptions in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: A case‐control study
Authors: Pollard Bruin , Utterson Elizabeth C. , Samson Charles M. , Coughlin Carrie C.
Published: March 2022

Paradoxically, immunosuppressive therapy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can induce psoriasiform or eczematous eruptions. This case‐control study identified infliximab exposure, Crohn's disease, and history of inflammatory skin conditions as significant risk factors for these eruptions in children with IBD. Our results also showed possible trends in age and race.
Construction of bilingual knowledge graph based on meteorological simulation
Authors: Wang Wenjing , Zhang Chunxiao , Li Heng , Xiao Ziwei
Published: March 2022

Geographical simulation is the core function of virtual geographic environments (VGEs). Providing knowledge support has become a key issue in current research. The literature involves massive knowledge, especially for meteorological simulation, an important component of the geographic environment. However, this knowledge is noisy, unstructured, and difficult to share and reuse. Based on weather research and forecasting models, this study constructs a cross‐language knowledge graph to manage difficult‐to‐handle knowledge and to make complex knowledge structured and more complete. First, we propose a cross‐language knowledge graph construction framework. Second, the bidirectional long short‐term memory‐conditional random fields and translation‐based multilingual knowledge graph embedding model are used to extract knowledge and align cross‐lingual entities. Finally, the bilingual knowledge graph is visually stored with a graph database. The framework and method can provide efficient queries and analyses for the meteorological field, while helping to provide a knowledge base for knowledge‐driven VGEs.
DOES CRITICIZING INTELLIGENT DESIGN (ID) UNDERMINE DESIGN DISCOURSE IN THE QURʾĀN? A KALĀMIC RESPONSE
Authors: Malik Shoaib Ahmed , Karamali Hamza , Khalayleh Moamer Yahia Ali
Published: March 2022

Some Muslim thinkers argue against evolution using intelligent design (ID) arguments. One possible impetus for this line of reasoning is the several indications of design mentioned throughout the Qurʾān. Therefore, criticizing ID could be seen as a direct attack on the Qurʾānic outlook. However, this article will argue that this is a false equation. The Qurʾānic design argument, as articulated in the tradition of Sunnī scholastic theology (kalām), argues for the existence of a supernatural God by acknowledging natural causes that bring about designed phenomena in the universe. By contrast, Muslim thinkers who use ID to argue against evolution are arguing for the existence of a supernatural being through the supposed inability of science to explain designed phenomena through natural causes. Thus, there is a fundamental difference between the design outlook provided in the Qurʾān versus the arguments of ID. Accordingly, this article argues that critiquing ID does not undermine the design discourse of the Qurʾān.
Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli O96:H19 is an Emergent Biofilm-Forming Pathogen
Authors: Iqbal Junaid , Malviya Niharika , Gaddy Jennifer A. , Zhang Chengxian , Seier Andrew J. , Haley Kathryn P. , Doster Ryan S. , Farfán-García Ana E. , Gómez-Duarte Oscar G.
Published: March 2022

Enteroinvasive
Escherichia coli
(EIEC), a close relative of
Shigella
, is implicated in dysenteric diarrhea. EIEC pathogenicity involves cell invasion mediated by effector proteins delivered by a type III secretion system (TTSS) that disrupt the cell cytoskeleton.
Creating an Interdisciplinary Curriculum within the Undergraduate Arts and Sciences through Agar Art
Authors: Torruellas Garcia Julie , López-Moreno Kandy , Côté Véronique , Crump Katie
Published: March 2022

Evidence-based studies on the benefits of integrating STEM into the arts are limited; however, some suggest that it can lead to improved scientific literacy and new approaches for artistic scholarship. Unfortunately, undergraduate education often creates disciplinary silos where the two are not integrated.
Soft Margin Triplet-Center Loss for Multi-View 3D Shape Retrieval
Authors: Cheng Ruting , Wang Fuzhou , Zhao Tianmeng , Liu Hongmin , Zeng Hui
Published: March 2022

Obtaining discriminative features is one of the key problems in three-dimensional (3D) shape retrieval. Recently, deep metric learning-based 3D shape retrieval methods have attracted the researchers’ attention and have achieved better performance. The triplet-center loss can learn more discriminative features than traditional classification loss, and it has been successfully used in deep metric learning-based 3D shape retrieval task. However, it has a hard margin parameter that only leverages part of the training data in each mini-batch. Moreover, the margin parameter is often determined by experience and remains unchanged during the training process. To overcome the above limitations, we propose the soft margin triplet-center loss, which replaces the margin with the nonparametric soft margin. Furthermore, we combined the proposed soft margin triplet-center loss with the softmax loss to improve the training efficiency and the retrieval performance. Extensive experimental results on two popular 3D shape retrieval datasets have validated the effectiveness of the soft margin triplet-center loss, and our proposed 3D shape retrieval method has achieved better performance than other state-of-the-art method.
MODELING OF PATELLA HEIGHT WITH DISTAL FEMUR AND PROXIMAL TIBIA REFERENCE POINTS WITH ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK
Authors: OTAĞ İLHAN , ÇIMEN KAAN , TORUN YUNIS , PAZARCI ÖZHAN , AKKOYUN SERKAN , OTAĞ AYNUR , ÇIMEN MEHMET
Published: March 2022

The patellofemoral joint is one of the parts of the knee extension mechanism that plays a role in the stability of the knee by enlarging the force arm of the quadriceps muscle and changing the direction of the muscle strength. For the entire knee joint to perform its task painlessly and functionally, the positions and strength of the muscles, the strength of the ligaments, and their reaction to movement must be compatible. The Insall–Salvati (Ins-Sal) index is useful for showing changes in patellar height produced by repositioning the tibial plateau, in other words, showing changes in patellar tendon length. Patella height is an important value to be taken into account in knee prosthesis surgery, tibial osteotomy, and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. The morphometric relationship between the reference measurements of the distal femur and proximal tibia and the position of the patella will be useful in determining the natural anatomy. In this study, we aimed to determine the relationship between patella height and distal femur and proximal tibia reference areas by using the artificial neural network method as an alternative approach method. In order to assess the performance of the estimation of the Ins-Sal index, the four ANN model with six input combinations which included age, gender and the reference measurements for the right and left sides have been constructed and tested. The MSE and [Formula: see text] values are calculated for every four models for the training and test phase. The results show that the proposed approach for modeling of relation between reference measurements and the Ins-Sal index is a powerful approach.
A NOVEL METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE ARRIVAL TIME OF REFLECTED WAVE AT SINGLE SITE: VALIDATION USING PHASE CONTRAST MAGNETIC RESONANCE DATA
Authors: AYADI ASMA , SAHTOUT WASSILA , BALEDENT OLIVIER
Published: March 2022

Characterization of the wave reflection and mainly its return time has significant clinical value in detecting cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Indeed, the return time is an indicator which is used to evaluate the performance of peripheral perfusion and the propagation speed for arterial stiffness measurement. The study is aimed at implementing a novel model based on cepstral analysis for estimation of the arrival time of reflected wave ([Formula: see text]. The proposed method is specially based on cepstral analysis of the simulated blood velocity wave by using the Matlab software. To achieve this aim, we used a theoretical bidimensional model to simulate blood flow velocity, and we combined this model with clinical data acquired in two healthy subjects using phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PCMRI). Values of the arrival time of reflected wave measured are similar to the theoretical values. The suggested model is validated in vivo. We can conclude that the novel approach described in this paper offers a promising efficient and convenient method to determinate noninvasively arrival time of reflected wave.
The End of the Present Mode of Production – A New Kondratieff Wave? – New Directions for Research?
Authors: Philipson Sarah
Published: March 2022

This conceptual paper traces the history of production from simple offerings, with the logic of a product structure to a virtual structure, then how components are outsourced in a supply chain. In Wintelism, individual functions, within a product architecture and specified interfaces, are outsourced. Focal firms view the value chain as an ecosystem to optimize value.

Destructive innovation restruct and destruct ecosystems that are outperformed by ecosystems providing new offerings. Fundamental destructive innovations disrupt the very way production is made, the mode of production, replacing it by another. This paper raises the question if we are close to such a fundamental disruption.