bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is agricultural production detrimental to Greece's ecological sustainability? Evidence from the dynamic ARDL simulations and bootstrap causality analysis
Authors: Karasoy Alper
Published: November 2023

Agricultural production (AP) can play a prominent role in establishing food security. However, AP has an innate relationship with nature's demand and supply sides. Furthermore, unsustainable AP can harm a country's ecological sustainability by increasing the ecological deficit (i.e., the disparity between ecological footprint and biocapacity). In that respect, this research econometrically examines the AP–ecological deficit link in Greece for the 1965–2018 period. The following findings are revealed in this study. First, the ecological deficit and AP in Greece have a cointegrating relationship. Second, besides energy use and income, AP significantly contributes to Greece's ecological deficit in the long run. Third, the dynamic autoregressive distributed lag simulations show that the short run effect of a positive (negative) shock in AP on Greece's ecological deficit is insignificant. However, in the long run, the impact of a positive (negative) shock in AP gradually becomes significant and intensifies (decreases) the ecological deficit in Greece. Last, the bootstrap causality test with the Fourier approximation generally confirms these findings, revealing that unidirectional causality runs from AP to the ecological deficit. These results indicate that unless sustainability measures are strictly followed in the energy and agricultural sectors, AP could continue undermining Greece's long‐run ecological sustainability.
Changes in the prevalence of diabetes and control of risk factors for diabetes among Chinese adults from 2007 to 2017: An analysis of repeated national cross‐sectional surveys
Authors: Jin Chenye , Lai Yaxin , Li Yongze , Teng Di , Yang Wenying , Teng Weiping , Shan Zhongyan ,   For the China National Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Study Group and the Thyroid Disorders, Iodine Status and Diabetes Epidemiological Survey Group
Published: November 2023

Introduction

To examine changes in the prevalence of diabetes and the control of risk factors for diabetes over 10 years among adults in China.

Methods

Two population‐based cross‐sectional surveys were used to obtain a nationally representative sample of adults aged 20 years and older in mainland China in 2007 (n = 46 239) and 2017 (n = 73 340). Changes in the prevalence of diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, and prediabetes, as diagnosed by the World Health Organization criteria, were assessed over time.

Results

The weighted prevalence of diagnosed diabetes (3.8% vs 6.3%, p = .0001) and total diabetes (9.7% vs 11.7%, p = .005) increased among the overall population between 2007 and 2017. The weighted prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes (5.9% vs 5.4%, p = .7), impaired fasting glucose (2.7% vs 2.6%, p = .68), impaired glucose tolerance (12.7% vs 12.5%, p = .95), prediabetes (15.4% vs 15.1%, p = .79), the treatment of diabetes (34.1% vs 32.5%, p = .44), and the control of diabetes (31.1% vs 32.8%, p = .73) did not significantly change over this period. The awareness of diabetes (39.4% vs 53.6%, p = .0004) increased over 10 years among the overall population. The proportion of achieved high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol targets increased (p = .005), but the proportion of achieved body mass index (p = .01) and waist circumference (p = .0002) targets decreased significantly.

Conclusions

Between 2007 and 2017, the prevalence of total diabetes (diagnosed by the World Health Organization criteria), especially diagnosed diabetes, increased among adults in China. Although awareness of diabetes improved, effective interventions and clinical strategies are urgently required.
Treatment of locally advanced and metastatic basosquamous carcinoma, navigating among sonic hedgehog pathway inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy: A case series and literature review
Authors: Zelin Enrico , Mazzoletti Vanessa , Cavallo Francesco , Nardello Carlotta , Corio Andrea , Toffoli Ludovica , Tagliaferri Luca , Conforti Claudio , Di Meo Nicola , Zalaudek Iris
Published: November 2023

Locally advanced (laBSCs) and metastatic basosquamous carcinomas (mBSCs) represent a therapeutic challenge. By definition, these forms are not amenable to surgery or radiotherapy, but according to literature reports, sonic hedgehog pathway inhibitors (HHIs), anti‐programmed death 1 receptor antibodies (anti‐PD‐1), and other treatment approaches involving chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy have been used. This work features 5 real‐life cases of advanced BSCs, treated at the Dermato‐Oncology Unit of Trieste (Maggiore Hospital, University of Trieste). In addition, a review of the current treatment options reported in the literature for laBSC and mBSC is provided, collecting a total of 17 patients. According to these preliminary data, HHIs such as sonidegib and vismodegib could represent a safe and effective first line of treatment, while the anti‐PD‐1 cemiplimab may be useful as a second‐line option. Chemotherapy and combined approaches involving surgery and radiotherapy have been also reported to be suitable in some patients.
Combination oral antifungal therapy for paediatric fungal infection: An option to improve efficacy and overcome clinical resistance
Authors: Punchihewa Nisal , Orchard David
Published: November 2023

There is increasing evidence of clinically resistant cutaneous fungal infections. The use of combination oral antifungals is described in adults but not in paediatric patients. We present seven paediatric cases of clinically resistant fungal infections treated successfully with combination oral antifungal therapy after inadequate response to a single agent.
Clinical trial: predictive factors for response to gut‐directed hypnotherapy for refractory irritable bowel syndrome, a post hoc analysis
Authors: Devenney Jade , Hasan Syed S. , Morris Julie , Whorwell Peter J. , Vasant Dipesh H.
Published: November 2023

Background

Gut‐directed hypnotherapy is effective for patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Despite its considerable evidence base, gut‐directed hypnotherapy is not widely available and remains a limited resource. This emphasises the need to select patients who are most likely to benefit.

Aim

To determine whether baseline patient characteristics were predictive of response to gut‐directed hypnotherapy in patients with IBS

Methods

We conducted a secondary analysis of outcomes of 448 patients with refractory Rome III IBS who participated in a randomised study confirming non‐inferiority of 6 compared to 12 sessions of gut‐directed hypnotherapy. We compared baseline patient characteristics, including age, sex, IBS subtype, quality of life and IBS‐Symptom Severity Scale (IBS‐SSS), non‐colonic symptom score and Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) score between responders and non‐responders. We defined response as ≥50‐point decrease in IBS‐SSS or ≥30% reduction in pain severity scores.

Results

Overall, 76.3% achieved ≥50‐point decrease in IBS‐SSS. Responders had a higher baseline non‐colonic symptom score (p = 0.005). Those who achieved ≥30% improvement in abdominal pain scores (59.8%) had higher baseline IBS‐SSS (p = 0.03), and lower baseline HAD‐depression score (p = 0.012). Fifty‐four patients (12%) dropped out of gut‐directed hypnotherapy. Compared to completers, dropouts had higher baseline HAD‐anxiety score (p = 0.034).

Conclusions

These data suggest that patients with a higher burden of gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms are most likely to benefit from gut‐specific behavioural intervention for refractory IBS. Clinical assessment of gastrointestinal, somatic and psychological symptom profiles may play a role in selecting patients for gut‐directed hypnotherapy.
Model‐informed dose selection for an investigational human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 antibody–drug conjugate FS‐1502 in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‐expressing advanced malignant solid tumours
Authors: Sun Yi , Li Chao , Wang Xingli , Zheng Yi , Wu Zhuli , Hui Ai‐Min , Diao Lei
Published: November 2023

Aims

The dose‐escalation phase (phase Ia study) of a novel human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) FS‐1502 included a dose range from 0.1 to 3.5 mg/kg in HER2‐expressing advanced malignant solid tumours. However, the defined maximum tolerated dose was not reached. This model‐informed approach integrated population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) modelling and exposure–response (E‐R) analysis to facilitate dose selection for phase II.

Methods

The PopPK model was constructed using PK data from 109 Chinese patients who received doses of 0.1–3.5 mg/kg FS‐1502 every 3 (Q3W) or 4 weeks during a phase I dose‐escalation and dose expansion trial. The structural model consisted of compartment models for FS‐1502 and unconjugated monomethyl auristatin F. E‐R was explored for the percentage change in tumour size, overall response rate and treatment‐related adverse events.

Results

A semi‐mechanistic 2‐analyte PopPK model was developed. The FS‐1502 PK data were best described by a 2‐compartment PK model with parallel linear and nonlinear Michaelis–Menten eliminations. The PK of unconjugated monomethyl auristatin F was described by a 2‐compartment model with first‐order elimination. E‐R analysis supported the clinically meaningful efficacy of FS‐1502 at 2.3 mg/kg and above. However, 2.3 mg/kg Q3W was considered to have a better benefit–risk balance due to a lower incidence of safety events without a significant reduction in efficacy compared to 3.0 mg/kg Q3W.

Conclusion

This PopPK and E‐R analysis guided the recommended phase II dose selection of 2.3 mg/kg Q3W and supported body weight‐based dosing for an investigational HER2 ADC FS‐1502.
Identification of arnicolide C as a novel chemosensitizer to suppress mTOR/E2F1/FANCD2 axis in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Chen Yu‐Fei , Pang Yan‐Chun , Wang Han‐Chen , Wu Pei‐En , Chen Zi‐Jie , Huang Da , Peng Dong‐Ling , Yan Yong‐Ming , Liu Changhui , Wu Li‐Chuan , Fan Xiang‐Zhen , Cheng Yong‐Xian , Liu Yong‐Qiang
Published: November 2023

Background and Purpose

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays critical roles in intrinsic chemoresistance by regulating Fanconi anaemia complementation group D2 (FANCD2) expression. However, the mechanisms by which mTOR regulates FANCD2 expression and related inhibitors are not clearly elucidated. Extracts of Centipeda minima (C. minima) showed promising chemosensitizing effects by inhibiting FANCD2 activity. Here, we have aimed to identify the bioactive chemosensitizer in C. minima extracts and elucidate its underlying mechanism.

Experimental Approach

The chemosensitizing effects of arnicolide C (ArC), a bioactive compound in C. minima, on non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were investigated using immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, the comet assay, small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection and animal models. The online SynergyFinder software was used to determine the synergistic effects of ArC and chemotherapeutic drugs on NSCLC cells.

Key Results

ArC had synergistic cytotoxic effects with DNA cross‐linking drugs such as cisplatin and mitomycin C in NSCLC cells. ArC treatment markedly decreased FANCD2 expression in NSCLC cells, thus attenuating cisplatin‐induced FANCD2 nuclear foci formation, leading to DNA damage and apoptosis. ArC inhibited the mTOR pathway and attenuated mTOR‐mediated expression of E2F1, a critical transcription factor of FANCD2. Co‐administration of ArC and cisplatin exerted synergistic anticancer effects in the A549 xenograft mouse model by suppressing mTOR/FANCD2 signalling in tumour tissues.

Conclusion and Implications

ArC suppressed DNA cross‐linking drug‐induced DNA damage response by inhibiting the mTOR/E2F1/FANCD2 signalling axis, serving as a chemosensitizing agent. This provides insight into the anticancer mechanisms of ArC and offers a potential combinatorial anticancer therapeutic strategy.
D‐Cloth: Skinning‐based Cloth Dynamic Prediction with a Three‐stage Network
Authors: Li Y. D. , Tang M. , Chen X. R. , Yang Y. , Tong R. F. , An B. L. , Yang S. C. , Li Y. , Kou Q. L.
Published: November 2023

We propose a three‐stage network that utilizes a skinning‐based model to accurately predict dynamic cloth deformation. Our approach decomposes cloth deformation into three distinct components: static, coarse dynamic, and wrinkle dynamic components. To capture these components, we train our three‐stage network accordingly. In the first stage, the static component is predicted by constructing a static skinning model that incorporates learned joint increments and skinning weight increments. Then, in the second stage, the coarse dynamic component is added to the static skinning model by incorporating serialized skeleton information. Finally, in the third stage, the mesh sequence stage refines the prediction by incorporating the wrinkle dynamic component using serialized mesh information. We have implemented our network and used it in a Unity game scene, enabling real‐time prediction of cloth dynamics. Our implementation achieves impressive prediction speeds of approximately 3.65ms using an NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3090 GPU and 9.66ms on an Intel i7‐7700 CPU. Compared to SOTA methods, our network excels in accurately capturing fine dynamic cloth deformations.
Precomputed Radiative Heat Transport for Efficient Thermal Simulation
Authors: Freude C. , Hahn D. , Rist F. , Lipp L. , Wimmer M.
Published: November 2023

Architectural design and urban planning are complex design tasks. Predicting the thermal impact of design choices at interactive rates enhances the ability of designers to improve energy efficiency and avoid problematic heat islands while maintaining design quality. We show how to use and adapt methods from computer graphics to efficiently simulate heat transfer via thermal radiation, thereby improving user guidance in the early design phase of large‐scale construction projects and helping to increase energy efficiency and outdoor comfort. Our method combines a hardware‐accelerated photon tracing approach with a carefully selected finite element discretization, inspired by precomputed radiance transfer. This combination allows us to precompute a radiative transport operator, which we then use to rapidly solve either steady‐state or transient heat transport throughout the entire scene. Our formulation integrates time‐dependent solar irradiation data without requiring changes in the transport operator, allowing us to quickly analyze many different scenarios such as common weather patterns, monthly or yearly averages, or transient simulations spanning multiple days or weeks. We show how our approach can be used for interactive design workflows such as city planning via fast feedback in the early design phase.
Multi‐scale Iterative Model‐guided Unfolding Network for NLOS Reconstruction
Authors: Su X. , Hong Y. , Ye J. , Xu F. , Yuan X.
Published: November 2023

Non‐line‐of‐sight (NLOS) imaging can reconstruct hidden objects by analyzing diffuse reflection of relay surfaces, and is potentially used in autonomous driving, medical imaging and national defense. Despite the challenges of low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and ill‐conditioned problem, NLOS imaging has developed rapidly in recent years. While deep neural networks have achieved impressive success in NLOS imaging, most of them lack flexibility when dealing with multiple spatial‐temporal resolution and multi‐scene images in practical applications. To bridge the gap between learning methods and physical priors, we present a novel end‐to‐end Multi‐scale Iterative Model‐guided Unfolding (MIMU), with superior performance and strong flexibility. Furthermore, we overcome the lack of real training data with a general architecture that can be trained in simulation. Unlike existing encoder‐decoder architectures and generative adversarial networks, the proposed method allows for only one trained model adaptive for various dimensions, such as various sampling time resolution, various spatial resolution and multiple channels for colorful scenes. Simulation and real‐data experiments verify that the proposed method achieves better reconstruction results both in quality and quantity than existing methods.
Vertical versus angled immediately loaded implants for assisting maxillary overdentures with locator attachments: A preliminary results of one‐year randomized clinical trial
Authors: Aboelez Marwa Ahmed , Ibrahim Christine Raouf Micheal , Helmy Mohamad Hossam El‐Din , Elsyad Moustafa Abdou
Published: November 2023

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction of 4‐implant‐assisted maxillary overdentures using two different designs.

Materials and Methods

Thirty edentulous participants received four implants in the maxillary ridge. The patients were randomly divided into two equal groups: (1) the control (CG, Vertical) group (n = 15); participants received four vertical implants with straight locator attachments to retain maxillary overdentures, and (2) the study (SG, Angled) group (n = 15); participants received four angled implants with angled locator attachments to retain maxillary overdentures. Peri‐implant tissue health [Plaque (PL) and gingival (GI) indices, pocket depth (PD), implant stability (ISQ) and crestal bone loss (CBL)] were evaluated after denture insertion (T0), 6 (T6), and 12 (T12) months after insertion. Patient satisfaction was evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS) after 12 months.

Results

The survival rates were 96.7% and 95% for the control and study groups respectively. PL, GI, and PD increased significantly in both groups with the passage of time. No significant difference in PL, GI, PD, and ISQ was noted between groups at all observation times. CG showed higher CBL than SG at T12. For the VAS results, there was no significant difference between groups. SG recorded significantly higher satisfaction regarding comfort with maxillary and mandibular dentures, retention of mandibular dentures, oral hygiene, the ability to chew hard food, and occlusion than CG.

Conclusion

Within the limitations of this study, angled implants with angled locator attachments may be recommended to retain maxillary overdentures opposing intact dentition or fixed restoration as it was associated with improvements of several parameters of peri‐implant tissue health and patient satisfaction compared to vertical implants with straight locator attachments.
Amelioration of morphine withdrawal syndrome by systemic and intranasal administration of mesenchymal stem cell‐derived secretome in preclinical models of morphine dependence
Authors: Quezada Mauricio , Ponce Carolina , Berríos‐Cárcamo Pablo , Santapau Daniela , Gallardo Javiera , De Gregorio Cristian , Quintanilla María Elena , Morales Paola , Ezquer Marcelo , Herrera‐Marschitz Mario , Israel Yedy , Andrés‐Herrera Paula , Hipólito Lucia , Ezquer Fernando
Published: November 2023

Background

Morphine is an opiate commonly used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain. However, prolonged administration can lead to physical dependence and strong withdrawal symptoms upon cessation of morphine use. These symptoms can include anxiety, irritability, increased heart rate, and muscle cramps, which strongly promote morphine use relapse. The morphine‐induced increases in neuroinflammation, brain oxidative stress, and alteration of glutamate levels in the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens have been associated with morphine dependence and a higher severity of withdrawal symptoms. Due to its rich content in potent anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant factors, secretome derived from human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) is proposed as a preclinical therapeutic tool for the treatment of this complex neurological condition associated with neuroinflammation and brain oxidative stress.

Methods

Two animal models of morphine dependence were used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of hMSC‐derived secretome in reducing morphine withdrawal signs. In the first model, rats were implanted subcutaneously with mini‐pumps which released morphine at a concentration of 10 mg/kg/day for seven days. Three days after pump implantation, animals were treated with a simultaneous intravenous and intranasal administration of hMSC‐derived secretome or vehicle, and withdrawal signs were precipitated on day seven by i.p. naloxone administration. In this model, brain alterations associated with withdrawal were also analyzed before withdrawal precipitation. In the second animal model, rats voluntarily consuming morphine for three weeks were intravenously and intranasally treated with hMSC‐derived secretome or vehicle, and withdrawal signs were induced by morphine deprivation.

Results

In both animal models secretome administration induced a significant reduction of withdrawal signs, as shown by a reduction in a combined withdrawal score. Secretome administration also promoted a reduction in morphine‐induced neuroinflammation in the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens, while no changes were observed in extracellular glutamate levels in the nucleus accumbens.

Conclusion

Data presented from two animal models of morphine dependence suggest that administration of secretome derived from hMSCs reduces the development of opioid withdrawal signs, which correlates with a reduction in neuroinflammation in the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens.
Alteration of body representation in typical and atypical motor development
Authors: Gauduel Thomas , Blondet Camille , Gonzalez‐Monge Sibylle , Bonaiuto James , Gomez Alice
Published: November 2023

Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) impacts the quality of life and ability to perform coordinated actions in 5% of school‐aged children. The quality of body representations of individuals with DCD has been questioned, but never assessed. We hypothesize that children with DCD have imprecise body representations in the sensory and motor domains. Twenty neurotypical children, seventeen children with DCD (8–12 years old) and twenty neurotypical adults (25–45 years old) performed both sensory and motor body representation tasks: a limb identification and a limb movement task. We observed lower accuracy in the sensory task but not in the motor task. In both tasks, we observe a larger amplitude of errors, or synkinesis, in children with DCD than in neurotypical children. In neurotypical children, accuracy was lower than in neurotypical adults in the motor and sensory task, and the amplitude of sensory errors and synkinesis was higher than in neurotypical adults. Using a linear regression model, we showed that sensory accuracy is a good predictor of synkinesis production, and that synkinesis production is a good predictor of sensory accuracy, as can be expected by the perception‐action loop. Results support the hypothesis of an imprecision of body representation in DCD. We suggest that this imprecision arises from noise in the body representation used at the level of internal models of action. Future studies may assess whether slower plasticity of body representations, initial imprecision, or both may account for this observation. At the clinical level, prevention strategies targeting body representation in early childhood are strategically important to limit such impairments.

Research Highlights

Body representation is impaired in children with DCD and has a significant cost in terms of the accuracy of sensory identification of body parts and associated movements.

Inaccuracies in the body representation measured in perception and in action (error amplitude and synkinesis) are related in both NT children and adults.

In typical development, we provide evidence of a strong link between body schema and body image.
Real‐world outcomes with immunosuppressive therapy for aplastic anemia in patients treated at the University of Michigan
Authors: Foucar Charles E. , Foley Daniel H. , Aldous Jessica , Burke Patrick W. , Pettit Kristen R. , Benitez Lydia L. , Perissinotti Anthony J. , Marini Bernard L. , Boonstra Philip , Bixby Dale L.
Published: November 2023

Aplastic anemia (AA) is a rare bone marrow failure disorder that is treated with either allogeneic stem cell transplant or immunosuppressive therapy (IST) consisting of antithymocyte globulin (ATG), cyclosporine (CSA), and eltrombopag. While outcomes are favorable in younger patients, older patients (>60) have significantly worse long‐term survival. The dose of ATG is often reduced in older patients and those with multiple comorbidities given concerns for tolerability. The efficacy and safety of dose‐attenuated IST in this population is largely undescribed. We performed a retrospective review of patients with AA treated with IST. Our analysis was confounded by changes in practice patterns and the introduction of eltrombopag. We identified 53 patients >60 years old, of which, 20 received dose‐attenuated IST, with no statistically significant difference in overall survival between full and attenuated dose cohorts. Overall response rates in both cohorts were similar at 6 months at 71% and 68%. There were more documented infectious complications in the full dose cohort (13 vs. 3). This supports the consideration of dose‐attenuated IST in older patients with concerns about tolerance of IST. Lastly, our data confirmed favorable outcomes of younger patients receiving IST, especially in combination with eltrombopag.
From a cause of rapid fig tree dieback to a new threat to mango production: the invasive bark beetle Cryphalus dilutus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) and its associated fungi found on mango trees in Europe
Authors: Gugliuzzo Antonio , Gusella Giorgio , Leonardi Giuseppa Rosaria , Costanzo Mariangela Benedetta , Ricupero Michele , Rassati Davide , Biondi Antonio , Polizzi Giancarlo
Published: November 2023

Bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) are receiving increasing scientific interest because of the economic losses that they can cause in invaded areas. Nonetheless, there are a number of emerging pest species, belonging to different tribes, for which invasions have likely been overlooked in the past due to their inconspicuousness, taxonomic confusion and/or misidentification. In the summer of 2022, severe infestations by a bark beetle species belonging to the tribe Cryphalini were observed on mango (Mangifera indica L.) in Eastern Sicily (Italy). No information about bark beetle attacks on mango trees in Europe was available previously. However, the occurrence of a cryphaline bark beetle species causing rapid common fig tree (Ficus carica L.) dieback was reported for the same investigated area in 2014 and 2015. We aimed to identify the bark beetle species attacking mango and common figs, and to describe the fungal pathogens vectored by this beetle species. Our results revealed that the bark beetle species attacking mango and fig trees in the studied area is Cryphalus dilutus Eichhoff and that different fungal pathogens, i.e., species of Botryosphaeriaceae, Ceratocystis ficicola and Neocosmospora spp., are vectored by this beetle species.
Evaluation of robocasting process in the layering of dental feldspathic porcelain in metal‐ceramic restorations
Authors: Dimitriadis Konstantinos , Roussi Eleni , Baciu Diana , Garmpi Eleni , Tsetsekou Athena , Andreouli Constantina‐Dia
Published: November 2023

The objective of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the robocasting process for the fabrication of metal‐ceramic dental restorations, according to ISO 9693. In this work, the rheological properties of dental porcelain pastes doped with organic additives and the parameters of robocasting process were determined, and the microstructural and physical‐mechanical characterization of the sintered material were performed. Subsequently, the suitability of the robocasting process for the production of metal‐ceramic dental restorations was evaluated. Results revealed that the dental feldspathic porcelain specimens, prepared by robocasting process, exhibited a homogeneous and dense microstructure with little or no microporosity, and the measured mechanical properties point towards good performance in oral cavity. The metal‐ceramic bonds produced by the robocasting process have markedly higher strength values than the minimum value of 25 MPa, required by ISO 9693, with a cohesive failure mode.
Bone marrow adipocyte: Origin, biology and relationship with hematological malignancy
Authors: Wang Yan , Yang Chunxia , Wan Junzhao , Liu Ping , Yu Hantao , Yang Xiaoyan , Ma Dan
Published: November 2023

Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) has been histologically recognized for decades. In this study, we performed a bibliometric analysis to quantitatively analyze the clusters of keywords of BMAT and hematopoiesis to better understand BMAT and hematopoiesis. Starting with conclusive keywords, our results demonstrated that BMAds is distinct from extramedullary adipose tissues and maintains a routine but dynamic accumulation throughout an individual's life. Various pathophysiological factors take part in dysregulation of the adipose‐osteogenic balance throughout life. Bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds) are also contradictorily involved in normal hematopoiesis, and positively participate in the occurrence and progression of hematologic malignancies, exerting a chemoprotective role in tumor treatment. Mechanically, metabolic reprogramming and abnormal secretory profile of BMAds and tumor cells play a critical role in the chemotherapy resistance. Overall, we hope that this work will provide new ideas for relevant future research on BMAds.
Adrenaline autoinjectors for Australian out‐of‐hospital anaphylaxis: where to from here?
Authors: Wiseman Thomas J. , Kovoor Joshua G. , Jiang Melinda , Stretton Brandon , Gupta Aashray K. , Bacchi Stephen , Kette Frank E.
Published: November 2023

Intramuscular adrenaline autoinjectors are accepted as first‐line treatment for out‐of‐hospital anaphylaxis but face ongoing issues of patient nonadherence related to drug expiry, availability, correct administration, and public recognition of the disease. Adrenaline is associated with possible harms in patients with defined comorbidities but is still considered preferable. Further research and policy is required to facilitate the effective treatment of anaphylaxis.
A minority of women of childbearing potential are tested for pregnancy before chemoimmunotherapy: an Australian cancer centre experience
Authors: Chadwick Verity , Kim Michaela , Mills Georgia , Tang Catherine , Anazodo Antoinette , Dear Rachel , Rodgers Rachael , Lavee Orly , Milliken Sam , McCaughan Georgia , Hamad Nada
Published: November 2023

Background

Chemotherapy is potentially harmful to a developing foetus, and there are limited data on the foetal impact of chemoimmunotherapy (CIT). Therefore, determining pregnancy status prior to initiation of CIT should be standard of care.

Aims

To determine how many women of childbearing age are tested for pregnancy prior to immunochemotherapy administration.

Methods

A retrospective chart review at a large Australian metropolitan cancer referral centre, including 304 women aged 18–51 years with a diagnosis of cancer receiving outpatient‐based CIT between 1 May 2015 and 12 June 2020. We assessed the uptake of pregnancy screening and contraception counselling prior to and during first‐line CIT.

Results

Only 17.3% of CIT cycles (n = 416) screened patients for pregnancy no more than 90 days prior to administration, and the median time between pregnancy screening and treatment was approximately 3 weeks. One patient with early breast cancer had a spontaneous miscarriage estimated at 3–4 weeks' gestation, and neither the patient nor the treating oncologist was aware of this event. This was also the only patient who had a pregnancy test beyond the first cycle of CIT during their treatment.

Conclusions

Our results highlight a concerningly low rate of pregnancy screening in women of childbearing age receiving CIT. The implication of missing a positive pregnancy test in this group of women could result in foetal complications, accidental miscarriage, potential bleeding risks and avoidable psychosocial stress. This highlights the urgent need for guidelines to mandate pregnancy testing in women of childbearing age receiving CIT and evidence‐based implementation tools.
Strengthening influenza surveillance capacity in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: Nearly two decades of direct support from the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Authors: Zureick Kinda , McCarron Margaret , Dawson Patrick , Davis Jamie K. , Barnes John , Wentworth David , Azziz‐Baumgartner Eduardo
Published: November 2023

Since 2004, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Influenza Division (ID) has supported seven countries in the Eastern Mediterranean region and the World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean to establish and strengthen influenza surveillance. The substantial growth of influenza surveillance capacities in the region demonstrates a commitment by governments to strengthen national programs and contribute to global surveillance. The full value of surveillance data is in its use to guide local public health decisions. CDC ID remains committed to supporting the region and supporting partners to translate surveillance data into policies and programs effectively.
Evaluation of a Suicide Prevention Center by Sampling the Population at Risk*
Authors: Motto Jerome A.
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT: At present there are no clear guidelines for assessing the effectiveness of suicide prevention and crisis centers. This report focuses on one readily available source of data, specifically that segment of the population at risk made up of persons admitted to the inpatient service of a mental health center due to depressive and/or suicidal states, including suicide attempts. To determine the role of the suicide prevention center in providing services to this group, 575 persons meeting these criteria were interviewed. The findings included the following: (a) 11 percent had utilized suicide prevention center services, with 59 percent of these experiencing substantial benefit; (b) 20 percent stated they were unaware of the center; (c) 8 percent expressed the view that calling the center would be inappropriate because a suicide attempt was not imminent; and (d) 26 percent indicated an inclination to call the center in the event of subsequent difficulties. Experience suggests that response to a crisis (intervention) as well as response to low lethality callers with “everyday problems” (prevention) constitute valid functions of a suicide prevention and crisis center. Preoccupation with short‐term goals, such as reducing the apparent suicide rate, should not dominate the conceptualizing of program evaluation methods.
Family Dynamics, Childhood Depression, and Attempted Suicide in a 7‐Year‐Old Boy
Authors: French Alfred P. , Steward Margaret S.
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT: Overt suicidal behavior in children is uncommon. The few papers discussing this area include only minimal descriptions of family dynamics and do not, in general, utilize the concept of childhood depression in the formulation of this behavior. This paper reviews the literature in the two areas of suicidal behavior and depression in children and presents in detail the family dynamics surrounding a suicidal attempt in a 7‐year‐old boy. The case is formulated in terms of childhood depression, and the course of treatment is discussed.
Suicide Behavior
Authors: Sale Ian , Williams Christopher L. , Clark Judy , Mills Janet
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT:A survey of community attitudes and beliefs concerning suicidal behavior is reported, in which women from two suburbs differing widely in their rates of hospital treated self‐poisoning and self‐injury were interviewed. Sympathetic attitudes to suicidal behavior and to those who engage in it were significantly more prevalent in the low‐risk area. Community beliefs regarding lethality, etiology, and ability to distinguish suicide and “attempted suicide” are reported, and the relationship of these beliefs to attitudes is discussed.
Some Sociopsychological Factors in Attempted Suicide Among Urban Black Males
Authors: Kirk Alton R. , Zucker Robert A.
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT: This study tests three hypotheses relating to suicidal behavior among urban black males: that black consciousness and group cohesiveness will be lower and depression will be higher. Inner‐city, young adult black males with a suicide attempt in the last 6 months, and matched controls were examined. Hypothesis one was supported; the other two received partial support. The validity of the theory of black self‐hatred as the basic cause of suicidal behavior among blacks is questioned. A two‐factor theory of suicide, focusing on forces moving the person away from suicide toward positive subgroup ties, is proposed.
Chronic Callers to a Suicide Prevention Center
Authors: Sawyer John B. , Jameton Elizabeth M.
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT: Records of 67 chronic callers to the Cleveland Suicide Prevention Centers over the past 9 years are reviewed. Of this group, 51% were diagnosed as drug or alcohol dependent. It was also noted that 4 of the 67 were known to have committed suicide and that another 37 (55%) had made suicide attempts. A surprising finding was that 47% of the group was eventually referred to an ongoing treatment resource. Agency strategies for dealing with the chronic caller are discussed.
The Working Through of Patients' Suicides by Four Therapists
Authors: Kolodny Susan , Binder Renee L. , Bronstein Abbot A. , Friend Robert L.
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT: In 1976 four psychotherapists in training at one institution had patients who committed suicide. The therapists met as a group over a one‐year period. This paper presents brief case summaries, explores the reactions of each therapist, presents conclusions regarding the mourning process following patients' suicides, and puts forth implications and suggestions for training programs. The authors conclude that it is necessary for therapists, supervisors, and training programs to recognize the inevitability of crises and tragedies when working with disturbed persons and that, though the process of mourning must be worked through individually, training settings can permit therapists to experience the pain and loneliness while providing opportunities for mastery and growth.
The effects of preosteoblast‐derived exosomes on macrophages and bone in mice
Authors: Hakki Sema S. , Batoon Lena , Koh Amy J. , Kannan Rahasudha , Mendoza‐Reinoso Veronica , Rubin John , Mccauley Laurie K. , Roca Hernan
Published: November 2023

The effect of preosteoblast‐derived exosomes on bone marrow macrophages (BMMΦ) and calvarial osteoblasts (cOB) was evaluated in vitro, and bone formation studies were performed in vivo in mice. Preosteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 clone 4 (MC4) cell‐derived exosomes (MC4exo) were characterized with particle tracking, transmission electron microscopy and western blot analysis to validate size, number, shape and phenotypic exosome markers. Exosomes pre‐labelled with PKH67 were incubated with BMMΦ and phagocytosis of exosomes was confirmed. To examine the effect of MC4exo on macrophage polarization, BMMΦ were treated with MC4exo and the expression of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines was determined by qPCR. MC4exo treatment upregulated mRNA expression of Cd86, Il1β, Ccl2, Rankl and Nos, and downregulated Cd206, Il10 and Tnfα, suggesting a shift towards pro‐inflammatory ‘M1‐like’ macrophage polarization. Combination of RANKL and MC4exo increased osteoclast differentiation of BMMΦ in comparison to RANKL alone as analysed by TRAP staining. MC4exo treatment showed no significant effect on calvarial osteoblast mineralization. For in vivo studies, intratibial inoculation of MC4exo (2 × 109 particles in PBS, n = 12) and vehicle control (PBS only, n = 12) was performed in C57Bl/6 mice (8 weeks, male). Micro‐CT analyses of the trabecular and cortical bone compartments were assessed at 4 weeks post‐injection. Tibial sections were stained for TRAP activity to determine osteoclast presence and immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect osteocalcin (Ocn), osterix (Osx) and F4/80 expression. Intratibial inoculation of MC4exo increased the diaphyseal bone mineral density and trabecular bone volume fraction due to increased trabecular number. This increase in bone was accompanied by a reduction in bone marrow macrophages and osteoclasts at the experimental endpoint. Together, these findings suggest that preosteoblast‐derived exosomes enhanced bone formation by influencing macrophage responses.
Product variety and design in the age of peer‐to‐peer sharing
Authors: Zennyo Yusuke
Published: November 2023

The rise of peer‐to‐peer (P2P) sharing, exemplified recently by increased car‐sharing and clothing‐sharing, has altered our consumption style. One can consume goods without owning them. In fact, the ownership of goods can be monetized through P2P rental markets. These changes are regarded as influencing various strategies of manufacturers of goods being shared. Specifically, this paper examines aspects of product variety and design. A stylized model is examined in which a manufacturing firm makes a product variety decision of whether to launch a niche product line in addition to an existing mass product line. Consumers are of two types, including average consumers, who value the niche product less than the mass product, and snob consumers, who evaluate the niche product highly. Results demonstrate that the existence of P2P sharing makes consumers' ownership decisions immaterial, which alleviates difficulties of cannibalization between mass and niche product lines and which therefore encourages firms to widen their product variety. Moreover, to address issues of product design, the model is extended to allow the firm to choose the degree of niche‐serving of the second product line endogenously. Results show that P2P sharing deters a firm from designing a niche for the second product line.
High‐density lipoprotein remodeling affects the osmotic properties of plasma in goldfish under critical salinity
Authors: Andreeva Alla M. , Lamash Nina , Martemyanov V. I. , Vasiliev A. S. , Toropygin I. Yu. , Garina D. V.
Published: November 2023

To investigate the stress response and physiological adaptations of goldfish (Carassius auratus) to critical salinity (CS) waters, we analyzed high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) stoichiometry, stress markers (cortisol, glucose), and plasma osmotic properties (Na+, osmolality, water content) using ichthyology, biochemistry, and proteomics approaches. After 21 days of exposure to CS, plasma concentrations of cortisol, glucose, and Na+ increased, indicating stress. Total plasma osmolality (Osmtotal) and osmolality generated by inorganic (Osminorg) and organic osmolytes (Osmorg) also increased, the latter by ~2%. We associated the increase of Osmorg with (1) increased metabolite concentration (glucose), (2) dissociation of HDL particles resulting in increased HDL number per unit plasma volume (~1.5–2‐fold) and (3) increased HDL osmotic activity. HDL remodeling may be the reason for the redistribution of bound and free water in plasma, which may contribute to water retention in plasma and, at the same time, to hemodynamic disturbances under CS conditions. The study's findings suggest that HDL remodeling is an important mechanism for maintaining osmotic homeostasis in fish, which is consistent with current capillary exchange models in vertebrates.
Iranian psoriasis registry: Research protocol and preliminary results of a pilot study
Authors: Robati Reza M. , Pourani Mohammad Reza , Sadeghi Zahra , Mardani Ghazal , Hasanzadeh Saba , Moravvej Hamideh , Nasiri Soheila , Namazi Nastaran , Dadkhahfar Sahar , Gheisari Mehdi , Shahidi Dadras Mohammad , Ghalamkarpour Fariba , Abdollahimajd Fahimeh
Published: November 2023

Background

Psoriasis as a common cutaneous inflammatory disease affect many aspects of patients' life. Disease registries render it possible to collect valuable data regarding a disease prevalence and burden as well as long‐term observations concerning possible therapeutic regimens.

Methods

This registry was designed for the ongoing systematic data collection on patients with psoriasis at two referral dermatology centers in Iran. The pilot phase of the registry was used to identify possible obstacles in the application and execution of systematic registration.

Results

A total of 281 patients were registered with the mean age of 42.02 years. The disease duration was 12.06 ± 10.90 years with the variety of clinical presentations. There was no significant difference between males and females in the age of disease onset (p = 0.53). Notably, 167 patients had children. Among them, 13 had children with psoriasis. The gender of the affected parent did not affect the possibility of psoriasis transmission to the child, and no significant difference was seen between the two sexes (P = 0.569). Regarding treatment, 99.4% of patients (n = 280) had used topical agents, 52.3% (n = 147) biologics, and 60.9% (n = 171) nonbiologic medications.

Conclusion

Clinical trials report the efficacy and safety data regarding limited study populations in a restricted time window, and the results may differ from the general population. This highlights the importance of registry‐based studies for collecting and analyzing longitudinal information. In terms of long‐term disease complications such as malignancies, cardiovascular events, and serious adverse events, registry‐based studies will help clinicians better recognize and manage each disease.
Efficacy of castor oil cream in treating infraorbital hyperpigmentation: An exploratory single‐arm clinical trial
Authors: Parvizi Mohammad Mahdi , Saki Nasrin , Samimi Soodabeh , Radanfer Roya , Shahrizi Mohammad Miaad , Zarshenas Mohammad Mehdi
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Infraorbital hyperpigmentation represents one of the most prevalent conditions in cosmetic dermatology. To treat this condition, many patients prefer natural remedies. This study explored the efficacy of topical castor oil cream in treating patients with infraorbital hyperpigmentation.

Methods

We conducted an exploratory single‐arm clinical trial at the Shahid Faghihi Dermatology Clinic and Molecular Dermatology Research Center of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, during 2021–2022. Using the convenience sampling method, we enrolled 25 patients with infraorbital hyperpigmentation. We instructed the patients to apply topical castor oil cream twice daily for 2 months. The darkness, melanin, and erythema levels were evaluated by VisioFace® 1000 D and SkinColorCatch® devices. We used a visual analog scale to assess skin laxity, wrinkles, and patient satisfaction. Data analysis was done with Stata version 14.2.

Results

The data of 22 patients with a mean age of 40.92 ± 7.33 years were analyzed. The VisioFace® scores decreased significantly by the end of the study [right eyes: mean difference (MD): ‐5.63 (95% CI: −7.12 to −4.15), p < 0.001; left eyes: MD: ‐5.91 (95% CI: −7.46 to −4.36), p < 0.001]. Moreover, castor oil cream significantly reduced the melanin level, wrinkles, and skin laxity in the infraorbital region (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Castor oil cream seems to be an effective alternative for treating infraorbital hyperpigmentation. Randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm our findings.