bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Methodological Approach to Re-Image the City the Case of Galle City, Sri Lanka
Authors: Tharaka M. H. H. S. , Rathnayake R. M. S. R.
Published: December 2022

‘City Re-imaging’ is a method applied in re-establishing cities’ image by assessing diverse city impressions of the users of cities. Empirical work on ‘City Re-imaging’ is lacking, particularly in the Asian context. Also, city imaging methods thus far have given more emphasis on evaluating the physical elements of a city overlooking the importance of city impressions of the users of cities. Focusing on this gap, this research applies a methodological approach to re-establish the image of Galle city in Sri Lanka by assessing the city impressions of its users. Photo Collage Technique and Web-based Photo Identification were used as data collection methods in the study and the collected date were analysed through both qualitative and quantitative approaches to re-image the Galle City. The study demonstrates key factors that influence city impression and their interrelationship through a newly developed framework. The most recognizable elements in city impression and evaluation level of city impressions in its atmosphere also identified in this study. These findings can lead planners and urban designers to better understand cities and their image.
Forecasting Labour Cost of Construction Trades for Two-Storey Houses: A Single Rate-Based Approach
Authors: Ramachandra T. , Madushika U. G. D. , Nirasha K. C.
Published: December 2022

With the labour cost contribution of 30%- 50% to the total construction cost of a typical building, construction is recognized as a labour-intensive industry. The extant literature evidenced that there exists labour scarcity in many construction trades, which has caused several negative effects. Hence, the assessment of labour requirements prior to the commencement of the building construction would help to mitigate the effects due to labour shortages at the organization and project level. This research aimed to assess the labour requirements for the cost significant trades of two-storey houses in Sri Lanka. The study involved a survey of thirty-eight (38) two-storey houses to collect the required data. The required data were extracted from the Bill of Quantities (BoQs) of those 38 buildings and assessed based on the norms available in the building schedule of rates (BSRs) practised by the key construction companies. The analysis identified that the finishes, in situ concrete works, doors and windows, services, masonry works, and roof works are the significant trades, respectively in the descending order of their contribution to the total cost. However, in the descending order of their labour requirements, finishing works, masonry works, concrete works, reinforcement, formwork and roofing work are more labour-based activities, require 0.274 skilled labour days and 0.228 unskilled labour days, on average for the construction of per unit (sq.ft) of gross floor area (GFA) of a two-storey house in Sri Lanka. Further, in the case of two-storey houses, cost significant trades contribute to around 19% of its total cost. This would enable estimating the labour cost for a proposed project and thereby implement appropriate strategies to manage the labour shortages in projects and the construction industry as a whole.
Street Tree Planting Patterns to Modify the Sky View Factor for Outdoor Thermal Comfort Enhancement
Authors: Ratnayake C. W. , Perera N. G. R. , Emmanuel R.
Published: December 2022

Outdoor thermal conditions influence the quality of life in the urban commons. Urban vegetation is an effective way to improve pedestrian thermal comfort in the tropics as it provides shade, reduces urban surface heating, improves air quality, and human health. The primary objective of this study is to understand the correlation between the Sky View Factor (SVF) modifications and Outdoor Thermal Comfort (OTC) that could inform optimum street tree planting strategies in the warm, humid, context of Colombo, Sri Lanka. Common street tree planting patterns are identified and simulated, utilising the RayMan software. Results showed that there is a distinct advantage in utilising trees for SVF modifications and thereby increasing OTC. Tree planting patterns with less SVF yielded better results during the day, yet, showed little or no impact during the night. Conclusions discuss SVF-based design implications for the different urban canyon geometries, and orientations explored in the study.
Implementing At-Scale Adaptive Thermal Comfort Controls for Mixed Mode Building Using Machine Learning
Authors: De A. , Thounaojam A. , Vaidya P. , Sinha D. , Raveendran M. S. , Gopikrishna . , Uthej D.
Published: December 2022

With climate change, low carbon space-cooling approaches are becoming more important. The adaptive comfort model for mixed mode operation can be a promising approach to the cooling energy challenge. However, adaptive models use indoor operative temperature, which requires the measurement of air temperature, air velocity, and globe temperature in a space. Collecting real-time and long-term data for these is difficult. We used machine learning to predict operative temperature with minimum measurement equipment, for controls to optimise fan operation and minimise AC energy use. Field measurements and Energy Plus simulation were used to create large datasets, 75 % of which were used to train the machine learning algorithm to predict operating temperature, and the remaining 25% were used for testing the algorithm. The random forest model in R from the tidymodels library using the ranger engine proved successful. The Operative Temperature prediction Root Means Square Error value is 0.090°C. The algorithm classified data for being in/out of the comfort band, and 0.88% of the values are misclassified. While this paper demonstrates the machine learning approach that makes this possible, future work will demonstrate the implementation of the control algorithm and its testing.
Patch Isolation Analysis of Peri-Urban Natural Ecosystem; The Case of Bahirawakanda Terrain, Kandy, Sri Lanka
Authors: Sirimewan K. Y. M. , Dharmasena J. H.
Published: December 2022

Development impact on Natural ecosystems is especially a major problem in the developing world. This is mainly due to the rapid urban developments and inadequate concern of managing natural ecosystems. Urban and peri- urban natural terrain ecosystems are the most vulnerable ecosystems, facing this predicament. This research investigates, using the remote sensing field, the ecological deterioration due to the neglect of natural terrain in the rapid urbanization process. In Sri Lanka, the field of remote sensing is not widely applied in analyzing urban issues. The study focuses on understanding and calculating the ecological impact with reference to Kandy Bahirawakanda natural peri-urban terrain ecosystem based on remote sensing field. There are four ecological impact indexes that can be used to measure the impact using remote sensing technology. This paper uses the patch isolation index as the measuring device to measure the increase of isolation of ecological patches.This approach provides a clear insight in to how a singular ecological patch fragments in to the separate patches and the increase of gaps between those patches. This provides a very good physical and visual indication of one important aspect of the destruction of natural ecosystems.
Luminance Measurements using Smartphone Cameras
Authors: Thounaojam A. , Vaidya P. , Mundhe P. , Maskarenj M.
Published: December 2022

We evaluate the daylight performance visual comfort buildings by measuring light in luminance and illuminance using luminance and lux meter respectively. Detailed measurements of illuminance in a space using these methods on a grid can be time-consuming, while luminance meters to measure luminance values are quite expensive. Recent studies indicate that luminance-based metrics have the best fit to occupant responses in visual comfort surveys. But High Dynamic Range (HDR) techniques can quickly capture a large field of view at a high resolution and can be done with DSLR cameras that are more accessible than luminance meters. This research goes one step further to evaluate the HDR acquisition method using even more accessible smartphone cameras. The method includes calibration of the HDR images using lux meters which are affordable and easily available. A variety of smartphone cameras were evaluated in a wide range of brightness conditions in a scene. The error between the low-cost HDR approach and the conventional approach of HDR imaging is determined and a method for correction factors is proposed. Vignetting corrections for the smartphone camera lens have been demonstrated. A visual comfort survey of a primarily daylit workshop space is done to document as a test case to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of the low-cost HDR approach. Lux meter for calibration of HDRI images is found to be reasonably accurate (average error of 7%). Of the 6 smartphones studied, the maximum luminance was captured by iPhone 6 and which could only capture 17% of the measured luminance. The fisheye lens used in this study increases the FOV from 68º (no fisheye) to 136° (with fisheye) but the FOV outside 100° was not useful due to large vignetting effect.
Risk of urinary stone formation associated to proton pump inhibitors: A systematic review and metanalysis
Authors: Bapir Rawa , Bhatti Kamran Hassan , Eliwa Ahmed , García-Perdomo Herney Andrés , Gherabi Nazim , Hennessey Derek , Magri Vittorio , Mourmouris Panagiotis , Ouattara Adama , Perletti Gianpaolo , Philipraj Joseph , Stamatiou Konstantinos , Adetola Tolani Musliu , Tzelves Lazaros , Trinchieri Alberto , Buchholz Noor
Published: December 2022

Objective: Proton pump inhibitors are widely used as treatment of acid-related disorders. They are considered safe although their long-term use has been associated with some adverse effects including an increased propensity for urinary calculi formation. The aim of this study was to systematically review available data from studies evaluating the association of PPIs and nephrolithiasis. Materials and methods: We searched two electronic databases (PubMed and EMBASE) for cohort studies or case-control studies evaluating the relationship between treatment with proton pump inhibitors and the risk of stone formation published up to 31 October 2022. The overall association of PPIs and urinary calculi was analyzed using a random effects model (RevMan5). The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Results: A total of 550 studies were retrieved; 7 were selected by title and abstract screening; after removal of duplicates, 4 records were evaluated by full-text examination. An additional study was retrieved by handsearching the references included in screened studies. In the unadjusted analysis, the odds of urinary calculi were greater in subjects taking PPIs compared to controls (unadjusted OR = 2.10, 95% CI 1.74-2.52, p < 0.00001). The pooled odds ratio of two case-control studies confirmed that use of PPIs increased the odds of urinary calculi compared with non-use (OR 2.44, 95% CI 2.29 to 2.61). Pooled analysis of three cohort studies evaluating incident nephrolithiasis showed an overall hazard ratio estimate of 1.34 (95% CI = 1.28-1.40). One study found lower urinary citrate and urinary magnesium levels in subjects exposed to PPIs. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale scores ranged between 6 and 8. Conclusions: PPIs showed an association with urinary calculi in patients included in the studies included in this review. If these data will be confirmed in adequately powered randomized trials, clinicians may consider limiting the long-term use of PPIs, to avoid unnecessary prolongation of treatment. Urinary magnesium and citrate should be evaluated in renal stone forming patients taking PPIs to supplement their intake when requested.
Outcomes of dutasteride discontinuation in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy
Authors: Masuda Hiroshi , Mikami Kosuke , Otsuka Kotaro , Hou Kyokusin , Suyama Takahito , Araki Kazuhiro , Kojima Satoko , Naya Yukio
Published: December 2022

To the Editor, Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common cause of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in elderly males. The current guidelines recommend the use of a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor (5ARI) to treat males with moderate-to-severe LUTS and an enlarged prostate. Combination therapy with an alpha blocker and a 5ARI has proven effective at ameliorating LUTS and reducing the total prostate volume (TPV) and the risk of the disease progression.
A lichenometrical study of the northwestern margin of the Barnes lce Cap: a geomorphological technique
Authors: Andrews J T , Webber P J
Published: December 2022

The outcome of lichen measurement around the northwestern margin of the Barnes Ice Cap, Baffin Island, is reviewed. Although those who &d the sampling were not fully trained in botany, the results suggest that lichenometry can be successfully applied. The
main species used in the study are described and their growth rates, which are very consistent, are calculated on the assumption of a linear retreat of the glacier from the present margin to the first Alecloria minuscula. The growth rate indicated for this species was 0.40 millimeter a year, from
which the growth rates of the other species were derived by the use of caJculated mean ratios. The results have been used in studying the recent history of the Lewis Glacier and of the ice-cap margins. This suggests the existence of a major end-moraine system of Sub-Atlantic age and of other
important moraines dating back to A.D. 1680, 1790, 1890 and 1920. These moraines are compared in age with others on the southeastern margin of the ice cap, which has a different history, and in areas of Greenland. As lichenometry covers the time period for which C 14 dating is relatively inaccurate,
it is important in an arctic environment.
Data modeling as applied to surveying and mapping data
Authors: Chamberlain C A , Lochhead K
Published: December 2022

The Geodetic Survey Division of the Canada Centre for Surveying is replacing the National Geodetic Data Base (NGDB) with the National Geodetic Information System (NGIS). For the NGIS to be successful, it was recognized that a sound, well engineered data mode was
essential. The methodology chosen to design the data mode! was Nijssen's Information Analysis Methodology (NIAM), a binary modeling technique that is supported by a Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tool, PC-IAST. An NGIS prototype has also been developed using Digital Equipment of Canada's
Relational Database (Rdb) management system and COGNOS Corporations POWERHOUSE 4th generation language. This paper addresses the need for, and the advantages of using a strong engineering approach to data modeling and describes the use of the NIAM methodology in NGIS development. The paper
identifies the relationship between the data mode!, data structures, the design and development of a database and the use of automated tools for systems development. In conclusion, critical success factors for the continuation of the N.G.I.S. developments are identified and the benefits that will
accrue are enumerated.
Role of Porphyromonas Gingivalis in the Downregulation of NLRp3 Inflammasome in Periodontitis
Authors: Gavali Neelam , Chaudhari Amit , Waghmare Pramod , Khadtare Yogesh , Shendge Pooja , Wadgounkar Shubhangi
Published: December 2022

The innate immune response is the body's first line of defense against pathogens. The innate immune system recognizes pathogens, including bacteria and viruses by engagement of the germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). There are five families of PRRs which are able to sense vast families of microbial components, referred to as pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), they are host cell components produced during inflammation or environmentally derived. Although PRRs are predominately expressed by innate immune cells, many of the PRRs are also found on other cells including epithelial, endothelial, and cells of the adaptive immune system. PRR engagement by its ligand induces downstream signaling cascades that induce multiple effects, including activation of innate immune cells and cytokine/chemokine production for the recruitment of immune cells to the site of infection or tissue damage. There are multiple inflammasomes that are formed, which are named for their sensor PRR that induces its activation. It is still not clear how many sensors are capable of forming inflammasomes, with strong literature support for over 10 different inflammasomes, including NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRP6, NLRP12, pyrin, NAIP/NLRC4, RIG-I AIM2, IFI16, NLRC3, and NLP6 5,7 which are recently reviewed. The study of periodontal disease thus represents an excellent model to study the role of inflammasomes due to the abundance of Microbe Associated Molecular Patterns (MAMP) and DAMPs and the elevated proportion of macrophages in the tissue microenvironment.
Comparative Evaluation of Root Coverage with Amniotic Membrane Under Macrosurgical and Microsurgical Approach
Authors: Mani L Princee , Gautami PS , Sruthima NVSG , Ramesh KSV , Bypalli Vivek , Rani K Radha
Published: December 2022

Objectives:

Gingival recession is a major concern as it causes unesthetic appearance during smiling, dentinal hypersensitivity, and root caries. Several surgical procedures have been undertaken to cover these exposed root surfaces, with the most predictable and effective being coronally advanced flap (CAF) with subepithelial connective tissue graft. Because amniotic membrane (AM) contains embryonic stem cells, it can be utilized as a possible autograft/periodontal-guided tissue regeneration substitute. Magnification improves visibility and causes less tissue trauma during surgery. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of root coverage with AM utilizing a conventional macrosurgical technique (MaT) versus microsurgical technique (MiT) employing loupes.

Materials and Methods:

This randomized clinical trial included 24 patients, 12 of whom were treated using MaT and 12 utilizing MiT with 4x magnification loupes. Clinical parameters such as amount of root coverage in terms of vertical gingival recession (VGR), horizontal gingival recession (HGR), increase in width of keratinized gingiva (WKG), clinical attachment loss, and patient satisfaction analysis for the evaluation of discomfort, dentinal hypersensitivity, and esthetics were recorded at baseline and 3 and 6 months after surgery.

Results:

Both the groups demonstrated improvement in all clinical parameters. However, the test group showed a significant reduction in VGR and HGR with a mean difference of 0.95 mm (P = 0.007) and 2.167 mm (P = 0.002) at 6 months, respectively. There was no significant difference in the mean WKG and hypersensitivity scores between the two groups.

Conclusion:

Both treatment approaches, i.e., MaT and MiT with the use of AM, were effective in improving the clinical parameters and the amount of root coverage. However, the test group showed a better reduction in discomfort and hypersensitivity postoperatively with enhanced esthetic outcomes.

Clinical Relevance:

Magnification-assisted root coverage attained predictable outcome.
The dentist's Handbook
Authors: Bhoosreddy Ajay R. , Bhoosreddy Seema , Deshmukh Sonali Vijay , Bhoosreddy Jaiyesh , Giri Priyanka , Bhoosreddy Aryaman
Published: December 2022

Every aspect of human activity is influenced by law and dentistry in this regard is no exception. A dentist while providing oral healthcare to patients has to follow certain standards to avoid any litigation in the name of malpractice. Inadequate knowledge regarding the medicolegal aspects halts the effective delivery of oral health-care services. A dentist is bound by law and ethics while providing treatment to patients. Negligence is a breach of legal duty and care that a dental professional has toward his patients. It is necessary that a patient should be aware of complete information regarding the treatment to avoid any clauses of negligence against the doctor even if there is no contract between them. The two main categories under which health-care malpractice can be challenged in court of law is civil and criminal. The third category lies under the Consumer Protection Act 2019 came into force in 2020 in which patient can file lawsuits against the professional services provided by dentists in consumer courts. Studies conducted to assess the level of awareness among the dental and medical professionals have found that they are ignorant about the laws governing their profession. It is essential for health-care professionals to be aware of such laws which would be beneficial not only to the dental professionals and patients but to the society as a whole. Thus, this review provides an overview of negligence, the determination of negligence and its prevention, liabilities of dental professionals which comprehensively form an integral part of the medicolegal aspect of dental practice.
Assessment of the Greater Palatine Foramen Position in an Indian Population
Authors: Rathod Surekha , Dhande Srushti , Lathiya Vrushali , Kolte Abhay
Published: December 2022

Background:

During minor dental surgical procedures, the greater palatine nerve block is commonly utilized to achieve anesthesia. The greater palatine nerve and arteries are transmitted through the greater palatine foramen (GPF). Furthermore, this region serves as a soft-tissue donor site. The goal of this research was to interpret the location of the GPF and its diameter in an Indian population by utilizing cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and Methods:

The position of GPF relative to the maxillary molars was estimated by utilizing 120 CBCT scans. Furthermore, the GPF's diameter and distance between the mid-palatine suture and the alveolar ridge were also determined.

Results:

Of the 120 GPFs examined, 102 were found to be in the third molar region. The GPF's distance from the mid-palatine suture and alveolar ridge was 14.01 ± 1.12 mm and 6.74 ± 1.95 mm, respectively. The mean anteroposterior diameter was 3.43 ± 0.3 mm. On considering the age group ≤45 years, the GPF's average distance from the mid-palatine suture (14.35 ± 1.10 mm) and alveolar ridge (7.87 ± 2.09 mm) was significantly higher than >45 years (P = 0.0329 and P < 0.0001, respectively). All the measurements were significantly higher in males.

Conclusion:

The location of GPF is variable but more closely related to the third molar. Sound knowledge of the GPF anatomy is crucial for an effective nerve block and also for preventing complications.
Geriatric Pharmacotherapy Case Series: Recurrent Angioedema Following Discontinuation of ACE Inhibitor Therapy
Authors: Perman Bryton , Narechania Shraddha , Malesker Mark
Published: December 2022

Introduction Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) are first-line pharmaceutical agents in common chronic conditions such as hypertension and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. When angioedema occurs, if secondary to ACEIs, discontinuation of the ACEI
is necessary to mitigate the risk of recurrent angioedema. While angioedema is a well-known adverse effect of ACEIs, it is not well-known that angioedema may recur even after ACEI discontinuation. Additionally, only few reports in the literature describe this phenomenon. This case describes
an older man with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and heart failure who presented from an assisted living facility with recurrent angioedema 12 days after an initial episode of angioedema where his ACEI therapy (enalapril)
was discontinued. Assessment Empiric methylprednisolone, diphenhydramine, intramuscular epinephrine, intravenous C1 esterase inhibitor Berinert®, and two units of fresh frozen plasma was given in the emergency department. The patient was monitored in the intensive care
unit because of mild airway compromise but did not require invasive airway protection. Serum C4 level was normal, ruling out hereditary angioedema. Outcome Patient was discharged after five days in stable condition with resolution of symptoms. Conclusion
ACEIs are the most common cause of drug-induced angioedema in the United States. Angioedema is self-limiting swelling that requires close airway monitoring. While health professionals recognize the risk for angioedema with active ACEI use, it is not well known that the risk of angioedema
may occur for months following cessation of ACEI therapy. Increased awareness of delayed ACEI-induced angioedema following ACEI discontinuation is important for both providers and pharmacists to provide appropriate diagnosis and monitoring. Improved awareness would also allow patients with
a history of ACEI-induced angioedema to be cognizant of the potential for recurrence following drug discontinuation.
Polypharmacy Interactions Impacting Methacholine Challenge Testing for Asthma Assessment in Older People
Authors: Antimisiaris Demetra E. , Folz Rodney J. , Cavallazzi Rodrigo S. , Polivka Barbara J.
Published: December 2022

Objective To investigate potential reasons for unusually high incidence of negative Methacholine Challenge Tests (MCT), following standardized MCT medication-hold protocol, in older people with physician-diagnosed asthma. Design An analysis of a longitudinal
observational parent study of asthma. Setting Community-dwelling participants were evaluated in an outpatient clinic and at home. Participants Screening inclusion criteria for the parent study included 60 years of age or older, physician diagnosis of
asthma, and a positive response to at least one of six asthma screening questions. Participants were enrolled in the study if they also demonstrate either: (1) a postbronchodilator administration response showing an increase of at least 12% and 200 mL in forced expiratory volume or an increase
of at least 12% and 200 mL in forced vital capacity, or (2) an MCT result of PC20 ≤ 16 mg/mL (indicating bronchial hyper-responsiveness, MCT positive). Exclusion criteria included diagnosis of cognitive impairment or dementia, residing in a long-term care facility, more than 20 pack/ year
smoking history or a history of smoking within the previous five years, inability to perform pulmonary function testing maneuvers, and a Prognostic Index score of greater than 10. Interventions Analysis of participant data for non-medication- and medication-exposure factors
for association with negative MCT results. Results Anticholinergic burden and statin use were positively associated with negative MCT. Conclusion Medications not accounted for in medication-hold protocols, and concurrently in use, may impact clinical
tests and outcomes.
Will the New Congress Turn Its Attention to Pharmacy Benefit Managers?
Authors: Baldwin Paul
Published: December 2022

Pharmacy Benefit Managers are pharmacy's favorite villains. These companies are notorious for their opaque practices and perceived focus on profits over patient care, at least in the eyes of those who are forced to deal with them every day.
Responding to “Pharmacist Identification of Older Patients’ Priorities in a Home-Based Primary Care Program”
Authors: Niehoff Kristina M.
Published: December 2022

Dr. Kristina M. Niehoff writes to the editor about Dr. Krishnamurthy and colleagues' article on their groundbreaking efforts to showcase the expansive and impactful role a pharmacist can have on patient care in the home setting.
Определение коэффициента теплопередачи в математических моделях тепломассопереноса
Authors: Pyatkov Sergey Grigor'evich , Baranchuk Vladislav Aleksandrovich
Published: December 2022

В работе рассматривается вопрос о корректности в пространствах Соболева обратных задач об определении коэффициента теплопередачи, входящего в граничное условие типа Робина для уравнений конвекции-диффузии. Доказана теорема существования и единственности решений. Библиография: 37 названий.
Serum Vitamin D and B12 Levels in School-aged Children and Adolescents with Frequent Primary Headache Attacks
Authors: Özçora Gül Demet Kaya , Söbü Elif , Canpolat Mehmet , Kardaş Fatih , Kendirci Mustafa , Gümüş Hakan , Per Hüseyin , Kumandaş Sefer
Published: December 2022

Objective: Headaches are among the most frequent disorders in children and adults. Recent evidence suggests that various neurological disorders, including headaches, epilepsy, and neurodegenerative disorders, are associated with deficiencies in vitamins D and B12. In this context, this study aims to compare serum vitamin D and B12 levels in pediatric patients with migraine or tension-type headaches with those of healthy children and to explore the relationship between the frequency of headache attacks and the deficiencies in the aforementioned vitamins.
Methods: The population of this retrospective study consisted of pediatric patients who presented with a headache lasting at least six months to the pediatric neurology outpatient clinics. The patients included in the study sample were categorized into two groups: Patients with migraines (n=54) and tension-type headaches (n=72). Additionally, 64 children without headaches were included in the control group. Detailed data on the features of headaches were obtained from the patients or their parents. Patients were categorized into three groups according to the frequency of the headaches as patients who had headache attacks a) once a week, b) twice or three times a week and c) ≥ four times a week. The patients were grouped into four grade levels based on their PedMIDAS scores. All participants included in the study were subjected to thyroid function tests, and vitamin D and vitamin B12 levels.
Results: There was no significant difference between the groups in serum vitamin B12 levels (p>0.05). However, the median vitamin D level was significantly higher in patients with migraine-type headaches (p<0.001). The rate of patients with vitamin D deficiency was significantly lower in the tension-type headache group than in the migraine group (p=0.005). There was no significant correlation between the Pediatric Migraine Disability Assessment (PedMIDAS) grades and vitamin B12 levels (p>0.05). However, the serum vitamin D levels of patients with a PedMIDAS grade between 1 and 3 were significantly higher in patients with migraine than in those with tension-type headaches (p<0.05). The serum vitamin D levels of migraine patients with a PedMIDAS grade of 4 were significantly lower than those of migraine patients with a PedMIDAS grade of 3 (p=0.018). The migraine patients with one and 2-3 attacks per week had significantly higher vitamin D levels than those patients with tension-type headaches (p=0.031 and p<0.001, respectively). Additionally, the vitamin D levels in migraine patients with ≥4 attacks per week were significantly lower than those of migraine patients with 2-3 attacks per week (p=0.010).
Conclusion: The patients with migraine and higher frequency of attacks had lower vitamin D levels.
Late-effects of Chemoradiotherapy on Growth and Puberty in Survivors of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Bilgiç Eltan Sevgi , Akçay Arzu , Bayramoğlu Elvan , Eltan Mehmet , Akçay Teoman , Şalcıoğlu Zafer , Aydoğan Gönul
Published: December 2022

Objective: The survival rate of childhood leukemia has reached 80% with evolving treatment modalities over the last 30 years, which is followed by an increased incidence of treatment-related long-term side effects. This study, it was aimed to evaluate the endocrine late effects of chemoradiotherapy in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
Methods: Forty-eight patients with ALL treated at the University of Health Sciences Türkiye, İstanbul Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology between 1997 and 2007 with at least 5-year follow-up after the chemotherapy, were included.
Results: Endocrine side effects were detected in 48% (n=23) of the cases. The most common endocrine side effect was short stature in the group treated with cranial radiotherapy (CRT), and obesity in the group that did not receive CRT. The median height standard deviation score (SDS) of the subjects who reached the final height (FH) was significantly lower [-1.44 (-2.1)-(-0.53)] compared with the median height SDS of the subjects who did not reach the FH [-0.24 (-1.23)-(0.6)]. There was a positive correlation between height SDS and IGF1 SDS, IGFBP3 SDS, body mass index SDS, and advanced bone age in subjects who did not reach FH (r=0.511, p=0.018, r=0.530, p=0.014, r=0.499, p=0.021, r=0.599, p=0.08, respectively). Precocious puberty was found in one patient who received CRT, and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism was found in one patient who did not receive CRT. Twenty-three percent of the group received CRT and 35% of the group who did not receive CRT had overweight/obesity. Central hypothyroidism was detected in one case and subclinical hypothyroidism was detected in two cases.
Conclusion: Long-term endocrine side effects were observed in approximately half of the cases with childhood ALL. Children treated with chemoradiotherapy should have regular endocrine system evaluation and growth monitoring starting from the diagnosis until the growth is completed.
The Relationship Between ABO and Rh Blood Types and Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy
Authors: Ayman Fatma Nur , Temel Hayrettin , Nacaroğlu Hikmet Tekin
Published: December 2022

Objective: Cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) is the most common type of food allergy among infants. Several studies have found an association between ABO blood types and allergies such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis, but the role of blood type differences in cases of IgE-mediated CMPA and food protein-induced-allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP) is not known yet.
Methods: A total of 100 patients born in our hospital approximately 2017-2021 and followed up in our Paediatric Allergy Clinic with the diagnosis of IgEmediated CMPA and FPIAP, and as the control group, 259 children born in our hospital who had no family history of atopy and no signs of allergic disease in the follow-up were included in the study. Blood types of healthy children, and those with IgE-mediated CMPA and FPIAP diagnosis were compared.
Results: One hundred patients with CMPA were included in the study. The mean age of these patients was 10.8 months, and 49% (n=176) were male. 57% of the patients were followed up with a diagnosis of IgE-mediated CMPA and 43% with FPIAP. Familial atopy accompanied 23% (n=23) of the cases with CMPA. There was no statistically significant difference between the distribution of ABO and Rh blood types between the cases with CMPA and the control group (p>0.05). Additionally, there was no significant difference in blood type comparisons of the cases followed up with the diagnosis of IgE-mediated CMPA and FPIAP (p>0.05).
Conclusion: As far as we know, this is the first study of investigating the relationship between the blood type distribution of patients with CMPA and healthy subjects. To comprehend the role of blood type in the pathogenesis of CMPA and investigate the effect of blood types on tolerance development in CMPA cases, we think prospective studies with wider groups are necessary.
Saint Anthony Cave: Morphology, genesis, and age of one of the oldest religious shrines, Southern Galala Plateau, Eastern Desert, Egypt
Authors: Fahim Wafaa Khalaf
Published: December 2022

Saint Anthony Cave is an important cultural, religious, and historic site; it was home of Saint Anthony, one of the earliest Christian monks (ca. 251–356 AD). The cave is located in a tectonically-complex karst area developed in partially dolomitic, sandy limestones of latest Paleocene age. Saint Anthony Cave had been described as a phreatic cave in previous research, but the cave lacked a detailed map and its speleogenesis was unclear. New data show the cave is a multi-phased uplifted cave formed primarily under phreatic conditions, with later modification by rising water levels. Deep sources of dissolutionally aggressive solutions likely have been involved. Speleogenesis likely began in Oligocene time associated with the Gulf of Suez Rift evolution and has been erosionally dissected. New, detailed mapping using ArcGIS shows the cave has an area of 22.13 m2 with a length and depth of 17.10 m and 5.33 m, respectively. The cave consists of a northwest–southeast oriented, steeply inclined, fracture controlled, upper-level entrance passage connected to an east–west oriented, fracture controlled, lower-level room with a vertical drop of 2.46 m. Dissolution pockets, cupola-like features, ceiling bell holes, notches, and corrosion tables are present in the cave. Subaerial and subaqueous speleothems moderately decorated the cave with likely Egyptian calcite alabaster. Based on field investigation, regional volcanic and tectonic history, paleoclimates, and other background information, we identify four distinct speleogenetic phases: First, during the late Oligocene, volcanic and extensional tectonic activities fractured the rocks, generated deep-seated acids, and enhanced the rising deep thermal water. Dissolution by other mechanisms such as carbonic/sulfuric acid and mixing dissolution were prevalent. In the early Miocene (Burdigalian), the cave was uplifted. Second, in the late Miocene (about 7.5 Ma), subaerial speleothems were being deposited in the cave under humid climate conditions. Third, post-Miocene, the cave enlarged and modified at and above the water level by likely warm, sulfuric water. Fourth, water levels dropped and speleothems were deposited again during later humid climate conditions.
Seasonal context of Bristly Cave Crayfish Cambarus setosus habitat use and life history
Authors: Mouser Joshua , Ashley David , Zentner Douglas , Brewer Shannon
Published: December 2022

Cave crayfishes are important members of groundwater communities, but many cave crayfishes are threatened or endangered. Unfortunately, we lack basic life history and ecological data that are needed for developing conservation plans for most cave crayfishes, especially the role of seasonal and annual fluctuations in structuring populations. Therefore, we determined the seasonal life history and habitat use of Cambarus setosus in Smallin Civil War Cave, Christian County, Missouri, United States. We conducted visual crayfish surveys over a 400 m section of the cave from 2006 to 2019. We used multinomial logit, multiple linear regression, and logistic regression models to estimate crayfish substrate, water depth, and water velocity use, respectively. All models included sex, carapace length, season, distance into the cave, and interactions between all variables and sex as predictor terms. We also used t-tests to assess morphometric differences between male and female crayfish. Six mark-recapture events (2010 to 2019) were used to estimate population sizes using a nil-recapture model. We attempted to age eight individuals using gastric mill bands, but annual bands were not discernable. We found reproductively active males during all seasons. We captured one ovigerous female during the spring, though ovigerous females were observed during show cave tours during spring, summer, and autumn. Male C. setosus were more likely to use homogenous and heterogeneous rock substrates and shallower and calmer water when compared to females; however, these relationships varied based on distance into the cave and season. Females sampled were significantly larger than males, and males regenerated chelae more often. Minimum population size estimates ranged from 9 to 159 individuals and indicated the population was relatively stable. Our data provide both a baseline population estimate for comparison with future studies and valuable trait information that is often lacking but useful for developing conservation efforts.
Consequences of the global climate crisis on the cave beetle Darlingtonea Kentuckensis Valentine based on thermal tolerance and dehydration resistance
Authors: Apostolopoulos A.S. , Philips T. Keith
Published: December 2022

Rising temperatures and diminishing groundwater availability due to the current climate crisis are predicted to expose cave faunas in eastern North America to unprecedented environmental conditions that could prove detrimental to their unique ecosystems. Organisms that inhabit relatively stable environments like caves are known to develop narrow physiological tolerances. Cave habitats with their organisms are simple ecosystems whose homogeneity offers an ideal system for testing the ability of a highly specialized fauna to tolerate abiotic changes. We tested the capability of a cave-specialized beetle in the eastern United States, Darlingtonea kentuckensis Valentine, to withstand future climatic shifts in its environment. We exposed individuals to a range of relative humidities and temperatures for 10 days. The data strongly suggest that there is a temperature threshold for the survival of D. kentuckensis, but it is a higher thermal tolerance than would be expected in an environment that has not fluctuated in recent evolutionary time and suggests remnant physiological characteristics of ancestral epigean carabids. Decreasing the relative humidity in the environment resulted in a much more dramatic decline in survival, indicating highly evolved specialization for constant high-humidity environments. The narrow humidity threshold in which troglobionts can survive may be a much more apparent limiting factor than temperature in adapting to climatic shifts within a cave environment.
16s rRNA diversity of Mirror Lake in Gilindire Cave (Turkey) shows abundant Nitrospira
Authors: Deliceirmak Selin , Karahan Arzu
Published: December 2022

We present the prokaryotic microbial diversity of Mirror Lake, located at the end of Gilindire Cave (Turkey), whose geomorphology shows development in multiple geologic periods and by multiple mechanisms. The lake comprises brackish water with both fresh and seawater inputs. In total, 5 liters of water was sampled from Mirror Lake and was filtered through a 0.22 µm membrane, and after the DNA isolation, 16S amplicon sequencing was conducted to get whole prokaryotic diversity. The bacterial community of this system is predominately composed of nitrite-oxidizing Nitrospira with a relative abundance of 28 %. We hypothesize that Nitrospira recovered in our samples mediates nitrification by reciprocal feeding with ammonia-oxidizing archaea (Nitrososphaeria). We found Nitrospira had a close association with Planctomycetes CL500-3 clade and Marinimicrobia (SAR406) in the cave habitat, with a relative abundance of 8.3 % and 5.7 %, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the presence of marine clade SAR324 has been reported from brackish cave waters.
Matrix continued fractions and Expansions of the Error Function
Authors: Mennou S. , Chillali A. , Kacha A.
Published: December 2022

In this paper we recall some results and some criteria on the convergence of
matrix continued fractions. The aim of this paper is to give some properties
and results of continued fractions with matrix arguments. Then we give
continued fraction expansions of the error function erf(A) where A is a matrix.
At the end, some numerical examples illustrating the theoretical results are
discussed.
On classification and deformations of Lie-Rinehart superalgebras
Authors: Ehret Quentin , Makhlouf Abdenacer
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this paper is to study Lie-Rinehart superalgebras over
characteristic zero fields, which are consisting of a supercommutative
associative superalgebra $A$ and a Lie superalgebra $L$ that are compatible in
a certain way. We discuss their structure and provide a classification in small
dimensions. We describe all possible pairs defining a Lie-Rinehart superalgebra
for $\dim(A)\leq 2$ and $\dim(L)\leq 4$. Moreover, we construct a cohomology
complex and develop a theory of formal deformations based on formal power
series and this cohomology.
European Historical Economics and Globalisation
Authors: Foreman-Peck James
Published: December 2022

Globalisation is here considered as the increasing specialisation or complexity that accompanies extension of spatially limited markets to include larger and larger sections of the world. To the extent that the enlargement of one market brings contact with others, the process is one of market integration. This paper focuses on two millennia of globalisation so defined, from the perspective of the European economies. It shows that there have been several waves of globalisation linked with rising productivity and prosperity, followed by long economic contractions. Expansions took place within new frameworks for internal and external security and the disintegration of these regimes typically reversed the process. Higher incomes were the reward for accepting the greater vulnerability of stronger interdependency.
Globalisation, the state and economic justice
Authors: Beeson Mark
Published: December 2022

This paper explores the potential for states to act as agents of economic justice in an era of 'globalisation'. After providing a critical review of debates about both economic justice and globalisation, the paper suggests that states retain an important degree of policy-making autonomy-should they care to exercise it. Following this I make a rather unfashionable argument which claims that, if economic justice is actually to be achieved in the contemporary era, it may be up to states to provide it. For the current structures of global governance are not only often ineffective, but they may actually entrench inequality and injustice. In the absence of a just global order, individual states may have to rely on their own efforts to achieve what economic equality they can.
Methodological Monism in Economics
Authors: Dusek Tamás
Published: December 2022

The aim of the paper is to give an outline of the relation between general epistemology and the epistemology of economics. The epistemology of economics can be treated starting from the 'general epistemology of science' and from the subject of the investigation, namely the problems of economics itself. Starting from the general or subject-independent epistemology one can make an attempt to adapt to economics various methodological approaches which were practically created to take only the subject of physics or mathematics into consideration. The characteristic feature of this mentality is often methodological monism, a doctrine which implicitly or explicitly states the unity of epistemology in all disciplines. In methodological writings of economics, beside the supporters of some general epistemological viewpoints, there are serious critics of them on behalf of methodologists who start their researches based on economics. Methodological pluralism does not reject the importation of methodological ideas from other branches of knowledge in an aprioristic way. However, the uncritical adoption of the methodology of physical sciences or 'general' methodology leads to the realm of inadequacy and dogmatism. According to methodological pluralism, every research has to choose its methods and methodology conforming to the nature of its own problems. The theoretical consequences of methodological monism are not always obvious. Inappropriate methodology can lead to inappropriate theories and inappropriate practical decisions. The negative consequences of formalism will be illustrated by some spatial economic issues in the field of money and price theory, such as the empirical empty doctrine of purchasing power parity and the theory of optimal currency areas. Since neoclassical mainstream is monist, therefore the critique of monism is at the same time the critique of the method of neoclassical mainstream.