bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pemanfaatan Kefir dalam Mencegah Kerusakan Hepar Akibat Toksisitas Parasetamol
Authors: Susanti Erna , Rahayu Windaniyah Sri
Published: February 2025

Parasetamol  obat yang umum digunakan untuk penghilang nyeri dan demam harus diwaspadai terkait efek samping yang ditimbulkan. Meskipun parasetamol merupakan obat yang aman tetapi jika tidak digunakan secara tepat efek samping hepatotoksik dapat terjadi. Sumber  radikal bebas dapat berasal dari endogen (mitokondria, retikulum endoplasma, sel fagositosis) maupun eksogen (polusi, alkohol, merokok, logam berat, pestisida, obat  seperti halotan, parasetamol dan radiasi). Obat  bisa berperan sebagai sumber radikal bebas jika fungsi hepar sebagai organ pemetabolisme tidak berperan sebagaimana mestinya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membuktikan efek kefir dalam mencegah kerusakan hepar akibat toksisitas parasetamol. Malondialdehid (MDA) digunakan sebagai marker terjadinya stress oksidatif dan kerusakan hepar sebagai organ pemetabolisme yang dapat ditentukan kadarnya dengan metode Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance (TBARS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kefir pada dosis 1,15 x 108 CFU/ml sebanyak 1 ml mampu menurunkan kadar MDA hepar. Kefir mengandung vitamin C dan E serta mineral yang berperan sebagai antioksidan sehingga dapat menghambat ataupun menetralkan terbentuknya radikal bebas. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kefir mampu memperbaiki kerusakan hepar karena efek hepatotoksik parasetamol pada dosis tersebut.
The Effect of Squid (Loligo sp.) Bone Chitosan Powder on Total Cholesterol Levels of Rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Indah Indah , Asri Muhammad , Suryanita Suryanita , Irianti Astika
Published: February 2025

Bones in squid (Loligo sp.) can be used as a source of medicinal ingredients, one of which is chitosan. The polymer in chitosan contains amino and hydroxyl groups per residue, giving chitosan many biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic, and immunostimulatory effects. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity and the effect of chitosan squid bone powder on the total cholesterol levels of rats (Rattus norvegicus). This type of research used an experimental method with a one-group pre-test and post-test design, in which 12 male white rats, body weight 150 g, were divided into four groups. Group 1 was a negative control of 1% Na-CMC, group II chitosan 50 mg/kg, group III chitosan 100 mg/kg, and group IV positive control of simvastatin 10 mg, which each group was given orally; the treatment was carried out for two weeks. The results showed a decrease in the mean after treatment in the treatment group with chitosan powder, but there was no significant difference compared to the control group (P>0.005). This shows that squid bone chitosan powder reduced total cholesterol levels in rats.
Aktivitas Penghambatan Radikal Bebas Jamu Modifikasi Beras Kencur dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Ketahanan Fisik Mencit
Authors: Herlina Nina , Wahyuningrum Cyntia , Almasyhur Almasyhur , Nheistricia Nhadira , Aryudha Teddy , Safira Dea Ananda , Herlina Eka
Published: February 2025

Jamu Beras Kencur (JBK) adalah ramuan khas Indonesia yang secara tradisional dikenal sebagai jamu. Setiap komponen dari beras kencur telah dilaporkan memiliki kekuatan antioksidan yang berperan dalam meningkatkan kekebalan tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas penghambatan radikal bebas dari JBK dengan metode ekstraksi infusa dan rebusan serta pengaruhnya terhadap peningkatan daya tahan tubuh. Penelitian ini menggunakan bahan beras, rimpang kunyit dan kencur, serta jeruk nipis. Bahan tersebut diserbuk dan diekstraksi dengan metode ekstraksi infundasi dan dekok dengan air sebagai pelarut. Uji aktivitas penghambatan radikal bebas menggunakan metode DPPH dan pengaruhnya terhadap daya tahan tubuh yang diuji mengacu pada uji Natatory exhaustion (metode berenang) dengan menggunakan mencit jantan. Tiga puluh ekor mencit jantan dibagi menjadi enam kelompok. Mencit diberi akuades 0,5 ml (kontrol negatif), kafein dengan dosis 1,82 mg/20gBB (kontrol positif), JBK (156 mg/20gBB, 312 mg/20gBB, dan 468 mg/20gBB), dan perasan kencur (78 mg/20gBB) per oral selama 6 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa JBK memiliki aktivitas pengambahtan radikal bebas (IC50) untuk metode infus sebesar 45,699 ppm dan 77,68 ppm untuk metode dekok. JBK memperpanjang waktu berenang dan mengurangi peningkatan kadar laktat darah.
Effects of the RH-40 Cremophor Concentration on the Formulation of the Vaccinium varingiifolium (Blume) Miq leaf Extract Nanoemulsion
Authors: Christian Yulius Evan , Rahmat Deni , Farida Yunahara
Published: February 2025

Cantigi (Vaccinium varingiaefolium (Blume) Miq.) contains anthocyanins, chlorophyll, phenols, saponins, steroids, tannins, triterpenoids, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity. This study aimed to obtain the concentration of cremophor RH-40 as an optimal and stable surfactant during storage in Cantigi leaf extract nanoemulsion formulation process. Cantigi leaf extract was made by kinetic maceration in stages with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and 96% ethanol as solvent, then evaporated with an evaporator. The extract was tested for solubility using various solvents before making the nanoemulsion. Nanoemulsions were prepared by varying the amount of cremophor RH-40 in three formulas (5%, 7.5%, and 10%) with stirring at 400 rpm at 40 °C. The nanoemulsions were characterized by particle size, zeta potential, and storage for 5 days. The evaluation results of Formula 1, 2, and 3 have an average particle size of 224.7, 226.5, and 198.3 nm, with a polydispersity index of 0.565, 0.237, and 0.223. The zeta potential values are - 43.7, - 39.2, and - 42.3 mV, respectively. The results of the storage of nanoemulsions for 5 days showed that in formulas 1 and 2 a precipitate formed, while in formula 3, there was no precipitate. Based on the optimization results obtained, cremophor RH-40 10% obtained a stable nanoemulsion that does not occur with no observed sedimentation/precipitation during storage.
Quality Analysis, Phenolic and Flavonoid Content, and Antimicrobial Activity of Stingless Bees Honey (Heterotrigona itama)
Authors: Misrahanum Misrahanum , Aqilah Haya , Murniana Murniana
Published: February 2025

Stingless bee (Heterotrigona itama) honey has been utilized as a therapeutic ingredient for treating infectious illnesses. This study aims to investigate the quality of stingless honey, total phenolic and flavonoid content, and antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. Honey quality parameters evaluated included organoleptic tests, diastase enzyme activity values, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) content, water content, reducing sugar content, honey acidity, and lead (Pb) contamination with test procedures based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 8664: 2018 on honey. The antimicrobial activity test uses the well diffusion method at various concentrations, i.e., 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30%. The results showed four honey quality parameters, i.e., organoleptic, HMF content (0.0054 mg/kg), water content (27.41%), and lead metal contamination levels (0.001198 mg/kg). Honey contained total phenolic content of 6.56 ± 0.03 mg GAE/g and total flavonoid levels of 5.80 ± 0.03 mg QE/g. The stingless honey could stop the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at the lowest concentration of 5%, with inhibition zone diameters of 14.7 and 9.3 mm diameters. Stingless bee honey did not affect Candida albicans growth.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Health Workers in Medical Waste Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Antara I Gede Dedik , Widowati I Gusti Ayu Rai , Dharmadi I Made , Eka Putu
Published: February 2025

Medical waste (MW) has the potential to be hazardous due to the presence of dangerous microbes. During the COVID-19 pandemic, MW had exploded, particularly in healthcare facilities. The lack of knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to medical waste management (MWM) among health workers will have a substantial influence on public health and environmental health concerns. The objective of this research is to evaluate health workers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices encompassing MWM at the health center during the Covid-10 pandemic. This cross-sectional study was done from March to May 2023, involving direct interviews with healthcare workers at the Manggis I Karangasem Health Center. A total of 36 participants responded (100% response rate). The results demonstrate that the respondent's knowledge (n=34 [68.0%]) and attitude (n=44 [88.0%]) were considered good. Solid MWM practices in the emergency room (ER) were suitable (64.0%); liquid MWM in the ER were suitable (66.5%); solid MWM in polyclinic were suitable (64.0%); liquid MWM in polyclinic were suitable (83.0%); solid MWM in pharmacy were suitable (67.5%); liquid MWM in pharmacy were suitable(50.0%). In general, health workers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices in MWM were beneficial. Statutory requirements require periodic examinations of the necessity of handling medical waste in health facilities.
Evaluasi Respon Pasien Pasca Percutaneous Coronary Intervention dengan Faktor Resiko Dislipidemia di RSUP Dr. Sardjito
Authors: Dewi Pramitha Esha Nirmala , Heryanti Marita Indah
Published: February 2025

Jantung koroner dan kondisi dislipidemia merupakan dua kondisi yang cukup erat pada populasi di Indonesia. Penyakit jantung koroner ini merupakan salah satu penyebab utama dari tingginya angka kematian di dunia. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) merupakan salah satu tindakan invasif yang direkomendasikan untuk mengatasi kondisi penyumbatan pembuluh darah jantung pada penderita penyakit jantung coroner. Pengawasan pada beberapa hal seperti intervensi pola hidup, pemeriksaan rutin dan pemberian terapi rutin yang sesuai dengan kondisi pasien, perlu dilakukan setelah dilakukannya prosedur PCI untuk mencegah terjadinya penyumbatan ulang pembuluh darah jantung atau sering disebut dengan restenosis dan adverse drug reaction (ADR). Respon negatif pada pasien dengan penyakit jantung koroner terhadap terapi yang diberikan dapat terjadi melalui munculnya ADR dan restenosis. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengamati adanya gejala ADR, restenosis dan profil lipid pada pasien dengan PJK selama menjalani terapi yang diberikan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif observasional. Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui metode retrospektif pada rekam medis rawat jalan tahun 2016-2017 di RSUP Dr. Sardjito. Berdasarkan teknik total sampling yang dilakukan, diperoleh 44 sampel yang diolah dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 2,27% pasien PJK mengalami respon negative selama terapi paska PCI berupa ADR dan sebanyak 52% pasien PJK yang mengalami gejala restenosis.
Uji Aktivitas Hepatoprotektor Ekstrak Etanol Herba Tapak Liman (Elephantopus scaber L.) terhadap Tikus Jantan Galur Wistar yang Diinduksi Isoniazid
Authors: Prasuma Galar Sigit , Qotrunnada Elok Nabila , Charisma Shintia Lintang
Published: February 2025

Hepatoprotektor merupakan suatu senyawa yang memiliki kemampuan untuk melindungi hati dari kerusakan akibat senyawa-senyawa hepatotoksik. Kerusakan hati dapat diamati melalui peningkatan kadar enzim serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) dan serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT). Enzim tersebut akan meningkat jumlahnya dalam darah saat organ hati mengalami stres oktsidatif. Beberapa senyawa bahan alam yang memiliki potensi sebagai agen hepatoptotektor adalah flavonoid, fenol alkaloid dan terpenoid. Salah satu tanaman yang memiliki kandungan senyawa tersebut adalah tapak liman (Elephatopus scaber L.). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi efek hepatoprotektor dari ekstrak etanol herba tapak liman pada rentang dosis 150 mg/kgBB – 300mg/KgBB pada hewan uji tikus wistar jantan yang telah diinduksi agen hepatotoksik berupa isoniazid. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimental laboratorium dengan desain pretest and postest control group dengan menggunakan sebanyak 24 ekor tikus yang terbagi menjadi 6 kelompok, yaitu kelompok I (kontrol normal), kelompok II (isoniazid 50mg/kgBB), kelompok III (kurkuminoid 100mg/kgBB, isoniazid 50mg/kgBB), kelompok IV (tapak liman 150mg/kgBB, isoniazid 50mg/kgBB), kelompok V (tapak liman 300mg/kgBB, isoniazid 50mg/kgBB), dan kelompok VI (tapak liman 450mg/kgBB, isoniazid 50mg/kgBB), yang diinduksi secara peroral selama 14 hari.  Pengkuran kadar SGOT dan SGPT dilakukan tiga kali pengulangan pada hari ke 0, 7, dan 14. Hasil pengukuran kadar SGOT dan SGPT pada hari ke-7 secara statistik menunjukkan adanya kenaikan yang signifikan pada kelompok II-VI akibat pemberian isoniazid. Pada hari ke-14, kelompok kontrol positif maupun kelompok ekstrak herba tapak liman secara signifikan mengalami penurunan kadar SGOT dan SGPT yang mendekati nilai normal.
Using Antibiotic Game In Improving Antibiotics Knowledge: A Pilot Study In Banyumas District Women
Authors: Galistiani Githa Fungie , Argyanti Alda , Fadillah Muhamad Iqbal Dikri , Aziez Feisal , Kusuma Anjar Mahardian
Published: February 2025

Background: The lack of antibiotic knowledge is identified as one of major problems in combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Indonesia. More interactive ways added to educational tools may be more effective. Objective: This study aims to determine the impact of Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and Antibiotic Game (AG) as educational interventions in improving antibiotics knowledge among women in Banyumas District, Central Java Province, Indonesia. Methods: A quasi-experimental study with pre-/post-test design method was conducted between June–July 2023. Results: There was statistically significant difference between FGD and AG groups in improving knowledge of antibiotics in Indonesian women (p value = 0.034). Conclusion: The findings of our study will be useful for Indonesian policymakers to develop future educational interventions in improving knowledge and promoting rational antibiotic use, especially in Indonesian housewives.
Profile of Intravenous Admixture Drugs in Newborn Patients at Dr. Moewardi General Hospital Surakarta
Authors: Rizki Inesya Febrianing , Cholisoh Zakky
Published: February 2025

Intravenous admixtures are sterile solutions prepared by mixing one or more different drugs with a suitable solvent and given to patients via the intravenous route. One of the factors causing contamination of the intravenous preparation mixture is an error in the aseptic technique during the preparation phase. Errors in aseptic techniques can cause infection. Newborns (neonates) are children under the age of 28 days. During 28 days of birth, have the highest risk of dying. The rate of potential adverse drug events (ADE) is three times higher in children than adults and substantially higher in neonates receiving intensive care. Intravenous admixture therapy, often performed in general wards, is highly susceptible to bacterial contamination which can result from aseptic technique errors. Bacterial contamination in intravenous preparations can cause infection which can trigger septic shock to death. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the suitability of the mixing process and the process of administering intravenous admixture drugs to infant patients. This study was conducted on infant or neonatal patients who were hospitalized in general wards and special intensive wards for babies in hospitals. Dr. Moewardi Surakarta. The research took place from February to March 2020 and was carried out using a prospective observational method. The inclusion criteria for this study were patients receiving parenteral drug therapy with complete medical records. Analysis of drug miscibility/insolubility was carried out using Handbook an Injectable Drugs edition 17 as the main reference and ASHP Drug information handbook 2021 edition. The results of this study, the percentage of solubility of injectable drugs that dissolved was 44 times administration (36.7%). For the administration of insoluble drugs 3 times (2.5%) and 73 (60.8%) administrations there was no information regarding the solubility of the drugs given. The study concludes that although there is incompatibility potential information references, at the direct observation was no incompatibility found. The administration of the two potentially insoluble drugs was carried out with different syringe containers.
Indeks dan Panduan Penulis Pharmacy Vol. 20 No. 02 Desember 2023
Authors: (Pharmaceutical Journal Of Indonesia) PHARMACY: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia
Published: February 2025

Indeks dan Panduan Penulis Pharmacy Vol. 20 No. 02 Desember 2023
Effectiveness of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Seed Extract and Alum on Aedes aegypti Larvae Death
Authors: Ambarwati Rini , Nurmala Sara , Anggraini Nuning
Published: February 2025

People generally use larvicide to kill mosquito larvae. Synthetic chemical larvicides leave residues that have a negative impact on the environment. Therefore, research on natural larvicides has been developed to suppress the negative effects of chemical larvicides. Microparticle preparations can speed up the compound delivery system so that it will be effective in its use as a larvicide. The important composition in making microparticle preparations is polymer. The polymer used in this research is chitosan. The formulation of papaya seed extract and alum microparticles using chitosan polymer with the spray drying method was made into three formulas with different concentrations of extract and alum, namely formula 1 (0.1% : 0.05%), formula 2 (0.15% : 0.075%). %), and formula 3 (0.2% : 0.1%). The results obtained show that formula 3 with a concentration of 0.2% papaya seed extract and 0.1% alum has the best quality characteristics based on the polydispersity index parameters, namely 0.181, particle size 1233.67 nm, zeta potential value 72.6 mV. The number of samples was 500 test larvae consisting of 5 treatment groups. Each group contained 25 larvae and 4 replicates. The test larvae were observed after 24 hours and then analyzed. The test analysis carried out was the Probit test. The LC50 value obtained in this study was 95.5 ppm. These results indicate that the microparticle powder preparation has larvicidal efficacy against third/IV instar Aedes aegypti larvae.
Efficacy of Additional Vitamin D 1000 IU on Diabetic Neuropathy Peripheral for Sleep Quality, Moods, and Daily Activity
Authors: Primastuti Tillandsia Filli Folia , Pinzon Rizaldy Taslim , Adisaputro Sugaianto
Published: February 2025

Diabetic neuropathy is one of the most common long-term microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus, in which diabetic neuropathic pain is the most frequent symptom. Diabetic neuropathic pain mostly gets worse at night leading to sleep disturbances. Prolonged pain that does not improve can be stressful and decrease quality of life, symptomatic therapy has not been able to reduce the pain completely. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of additional therapy with 1000 IU of vitamin D on sleep quality, mood, and daily activity in patients with diabetic neuropathy. This study was a randomized controlled trial comparing the experimental group which was given symptomatic therapy and 1000 IU of vitamin D supplementary therapy and the control group which was only given symptomatic therapy, both of them were given 3 months of therapy and the pain impact was checked with the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI). Sampling was conducted in February 2021 using consecutive sampling through a computerized block randomization technique. Data analysis was conducted univariately, and bivariate used Mann-Whitney. Based on the Mann-Whitney test, it was found that the administration of 1000 IU of vitamin D to the experimental group showed a significantly superior improvement in sleep quality (p = 0.004), mood (p = 0.002), and daily activities (p =0.003) in the experimental group compared to the control group after 3 months intervention. Additional therapy of 1000 IU of vitamin D improves sleep quality, mood, and daily activity abilities in patients with diabetic neuropathic pain.
Analisis Rasionalitas Peresepan Antibiotik Pada Pasien Infeksi Saluran Kemih Dengan Metode Gyssens di Rumah Sakit X Samarinda
Authors: Bakhtiar Muh. Irham , Rismayanti Rismayanti
Published: February 2025

Infeksi saluran kemih disebabkan oleh perkembangbiakan mikroba yang terjadi di sepanjang sistem saluran kemih, termasuk ginjal. Memberikan gambaran profil peresepan pasien infeksi saluran kemih di Rumah Sakit X Kota Samarinda dan menilai rasionalitas peresepan antibiotik untuk pasien infeksi saluran kemih di Rumah Sakit X Kota Samarinda. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan observasional deskriptif analitik dengan desain Cohort retrospektif. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan Teknik purposive sampling. Subyek penelitian ini adalah semua pasien ISK Yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi penelitian yang dirawat di RS X Kota Samarinda selama periode Januari 2020-Agustus 2022. Pasien ISK di Rumah Sakit X Kota Samarinda tahun Januari 2020 - Agustus 2022 sebanyak 55 pasien (rekam medis).Berdasarkan temuan penelitian ini, antibiotik  Ceftriaxone merupakan antibiotik paling banyak digunakan sebanyak 53,37%, diikuti Levofloxacin (10,44%), Terfacef (5,97%), Ciprofloxacin (5,97%), Cefixime (2,98%), Cefoperazone Sulbactam (2,98%), Baguinor (1,49%), Ceftazidime (1,49%), Gentamisin (1,49%), Meropenem (1,49%), Urotractin dan Azithromycin (1,49%). Semua berjumlah 67 regimen ditemukan memiliki ketidakrasionalan dengan rincian adalah kategori IIB sebanyak 68,65% (46 regimen) kategori IIA sebanyak 64,17% (43 regimen), kategori IIIB sebanyak 62,68% (42 regimen), Kategori V sebanyak 4,47% (3 regimen), kategori IIIA sebanyak 1,49% (2 regimen) dan IIC sebanyak 1,49% (2 regimen).
Penggunaan Antibiotik pada Persalinan dengan Induksi: Studi di RSUD Majenang dan RSUD M. A. Sentot Patrol
Authors: Kusuma Anjar Mahardian , Afranti Shabrina Lita , Fhadillah Putri Nur , Budiyanti Nur Aini
Published: February 2025

Penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak rasional akan meningkatkan kemungkinan resistensi bakteri terhadap antibiotik di masa depan. Antibiotik umumnya diresepkan untuk wanita selama persalinan, bahkan bagi mereka yang menjalani persalinan dengan induksi. Pemberian antibiotik selama persalinan dianjurkan jika ada risiko tinggi bayi tertular infeksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai ketepatan indikasi, pasien, obat, dosis dan cara pemberian antibiotik pada persalinan dengan induksi di RSUD Majenang dan RSUD M. A. Sentot Patrol. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan observasional deskriptif non eksperimental. Data dikumpulkan secara retrospektif (Januari - Desember 2022). Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan Pedoman Penggunaan Antibiotik dan Pedoman Nasional Penanggulangan Komplikasi Kehamilan oleh Kementerian Kesehatan. Temuan disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dan persentase. Sebanyak 96 pasien di RSUD Majenang dan 71 pasien di RSUD M. A. Sentot memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Semua parameter yang terkait dengan indikasi, pasien, obat, dosis dan cara pemberian 100% akurat dalam mengevaluasi penggunaan antibiotik dalam induksi persalinan di RSUD Majenang. Sebaliknya, ketepatan indikasi dan pasien di RSUD M.A. Sentot Patrol sebesar 40,58%. Untuk ketepatan obat sebesar 0%, hanya dosis dan cara pemberian antibiotik yang 100% tepat di RSUD M. A. Sentot Patrol. Kesimpulannya, penggunaan antibiotik pada persalinan induksi di RSUD Majenang sudah memenuhi harapan, sedangkan di RSUD M. Patrol masih ada ruang untuk perbaikan.
Kajian Penggunaan Ketorolak sebagai Antinyeri di Ruang Intensif Rumah Sakit Daerah Gunung Jati Kota Cirebon
Authors: Nurdiansyah Iid , Wahyono Djoko , Puspitasari Ika
Published: February 2025

Nyeri merupakan pengalaman sensoris dan emosional tidak menyenangkan, Ketorolak adalah salah satu analgetik yang sering digunakan untuk mengatasi nyeri tetapi mempunyai efek samping menimbulkan iritasi pada saluran cerna dan menurunkan fungsi ginjal. Penggunaan yang tepat dan rasional dapat meningkatkan efektifitas terapi dan meminimalkan efek samping. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola mengatasi nyeri serta DRPs yang terjadi atas penggunaan ketorolak injeksi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah non eksperimental, bersifat retrospektif dilakukan dengan cara mengambil data rekam medis pasien ruang intensiv RSD Gunung Jati Kota Cirebon pada rentang waktu bulan Februari- April 2022. Data yang diamati adalah identitas pasien, skala nyeri, dosis, durasi dan obat penyerta serta DRPs yang terjadi. Hasil penelitian dari total 151 kasus didapatkan pola penggunaan ketorolak parenteral didasarkan dari adanya rasa nyeri dengan skor 4 sampai skor 10 dengan dosis extra 30 mg sekali sehari 4,6%, dosis 30 mg setiap 12 jam 65% dan dosis 30mg setiap 8 jam 30,4%. Sedangkan lama pemberian didapatkan kurang dari 3 hari 23,1%, 3 hari, 4 hari dan 5 hari masing-masing 19,9%, lebih dari 5 hari 17,2%. Kejadian DRPs berupa iritasi saluran cerna tidak terjadi karena 100% pemberian selalu dibarengi dengan obat gastro intestinal, Kejadian DRPs berupa kurang tepat obat juga tidak terjadi karena pemberian didasarkan skor nyeri yang dilaporkan. Didapatkan data durasi pemberian yang lebih dari 3 hari sebanyak 57% yang berpotensi menimbulkan pendarahan saluran cerna dan penurunan fungsi ginjal.
Evaluasi Penerapan Sistem Rantai Dingin Vaksin COVID-19 di Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Banjarnegara
Authors: Mustikaningrum Barlian , Wahyono Djoko , Galistiani Githa Fungie
Published: February 2025

Epidemi COVID-19 telah menyebar ke seluruh dunia dan menjadi perhatian serius. Pada upaya memperbaiki kondisi kesehatan global, pemerintah telah memulai program imunisasi. Keberhasilan imunisasi, salah satunya ditentukan oleh pengelolaan rantai dingin vaksin di setiap tingkat distribusi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan evaluasi penerapan pengelolaan rantai dingin vaksin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penerapan sistem rantai dingin vaksin COVID-19 yang dimulai dari Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi sampai Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Banjarnegara hingga ke Fasilitas Kesehatan Tingkat Pertama di Kabupaten Banjarnegara. Studi kualitatif dilakukan pada 23 responden, observasi langsung dilakukan di 1 Gudang Farmasi Kabupaten, 20 Puskesmas dan 1 Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah. Kebijakan satu pintu menempatkan satu orang pengelola vaksin yang berasal dari Farmasi 1 orang untuk mengelola aplikasi dan stok vaksin serta Pengelola Vaksin 1 orang yang mengatur keluar masuk vaksin serta pengelolaan rantai dingin vaksin COVID-19 dengan tetap melaksanakan koordinasi secara baik. Dari seluruh responden, semuanya menerapkan kebijakan satu pintu. Tingkat Pengetahuan tentang Kemenkes Nomor HK.01.07/MENKES/4638/2021 sebanyak 65,2% dikategorikan rendah. Transfer pengetahuan SOP dari penanggungjawab logistik vaksin COVID-19 sudah dilakukan 100%. Tingkat pendidikan sumber daya manusia D3 Kebidanan (86,9%) D3 Farmasi (4,3%), S1 Kesehatan Masyarakat (4,3%), dan Sekolah Menengah Pertama (4,3%). Belum terdapat mobil berpendingin dan masih ditemukan lemari pendingin yang tidak memenuhi kriteria penyimpanan vaksin. Meskipun kebijakan, SOP, SDM, sarana dan prasarana untuk keberlangsungan cold chain system vaksin COVID-19 di wilayah kerja Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Banjarnegara sudah cukup baik, masih diperlukan sosialisasi lebih intensif terkait kebijakan dan penambahan sarana prasarana untuk mendukung pengelolaan cold chain system.
Using an aluminum can for beverage packaging
Authors:   Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making», Krasnodar, Russia, Fomina A.A. , Chemisova L.E. ,   Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making», Krasnodar, Russia, Yakimenko E.N. ,   Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making», Krasnodar, Russia
Published: February 2025

Abstract. In recent years, there has been a noticeable change in the attitude of the modern consumer towards beverage packaging. In general, the consumer is more and more inclined to “open and drink” drinks
of quick consumption and this is a global trend in the food industry, to which the aluminum can most
successfully corresponds. The article presents a review of marketing research and statistical data of the
modern market of packaging materials for beverages, prospects of its development. Dynamically developing alternative ways of packaging of non-traditional formats for individual single use are noted. Advantages
and disadvantages of various traditional types of packaging for drinks are reflected, the main of which are: convenience for the consumer, weight, fragility, logistics, the problem of utilization of used packaging. The
advantages of the aluminum can are high-lighted, such as convenience for both the beverage producer and
the consumer, its lightness, maxi-mum convenient logistics, and the environmental friendliness of the can.
The global experience of the second application of aluminum canning packaging in the world is described,
as well as the ad-vantages of aluminum as an infinitely recyclable material. The method of aluminum can
production, variants of used coatings preventing corrosion at contact of can with canned product, requirements to quality and safety of aluminum cans and coatings are presented. The problems related to the internal coating of aluminum cans, arising in the process of storage of cans with finished beverages, the issues
of quality stability of which, currently remain open and requires deeper study.

Keywords: beverage packaging, beverages, aluminum can, corrosion.
Rare autochthonous Don grape varieties Vitis vinifera L. orientalis Negr
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking named after Ya.I. Potapenko – Branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Centre” Novocherkassk, Russian Federation, Manatskov A.G. , Naumova L.G. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking named after Ya.I. Potapenko – Branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Centre” Novocherkassk, Russian Federation, Ganich V.A. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking named after Ya.I. Potapenko – Branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Centre” Novocherkassk, Russian Federation
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Preservation of the gene pool of grapes in ampelographic collections is of great importance and is
currently relevant. Most of the autochthonous and rare varieties have been preserved only due to their presence in collections. The article presents the results of a long-term study of rare Don autochthonous grape
varieties (eastern eco-geographical group) with colored berries. The object of study is 5 grape varieties:
Bruskovatenkiy, Krestovskiy, Svetlolistnyi, Silnyak, Slitnoy and the control variety Varyushkin. The work
was carried out at the Don Ampelo-graphic Collection named after Ya.I. Potapenko (Novocherkassk, Rostov
Region). The variety study was carried out according to generally accepted methods in viticulture and
GOSTs. As a result of many years of research, it was found that the preservation of buds in the covering shaft
ranged from 67 (Krestovskiy, Slitnoy) to 80 % (Silnyak), 73% for the control variety Varyushkin. The percentage of fruiting shoots varied from 21 (Krestovsky) to 88 (Silnyak), 60 % for the control variety. The
average bunch weight at the level of 245 g was for the control variety Varyushkin and the variety Svetlolistnyi, the varieties Bruskovatenkiy and Krestovskiy exceeded the control in this indicator (273 and 307 g,
respectively). The highest estimated yield capacity was for the varieties Silnyak and Varyushkin (144 and
132 c/ha, respectively). The lowest yield was for the variety Krestovskiy 30 c/ha. When assessing the quality
of wine products, red dry wines from the studied varieties received the following tasting scores: Varyushkin –
8.61 points, Krestovskiy – 8.6 points, Silnyak and Slitnoy – 8.57 and 8.53 points respectively, not significantly lower at 8.45 points – Bruskovatenkiy and Svetlolistnyi. Our research confirmed the low yield of the
Krestovskiy variety (over 10 years of observations, we were able to pass it for wine only once). Based on the
results of the variety study, the Silnyak and Slitnoy varieties were distinguished in the collection by a set of
economically valuable characteristics (including the quality of wine products).

Keywords: grapes, variety study, rare Don autochthonous varieties, ampelographic collection, yield capacity,
crop conditions
Field resistance of pear varieties to psylla pyri
Authors:   Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making», Krasnodar, Russia, Podgornaya M.E. , Didenko N.A. ,   Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making», Krasnodar, Russia
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Pear is a valuable fruit crop, the fruits of which are rich in various minerals and vitamins. On the
territory of the Krasnodar region, less than 4% of the total area of pome crops is accounted for by pears. One
of the main reasons why farms refuse to cultivate pears is the high cost of controlling the number of Psylla
pyri L. In this regard, the goal of our study is to research the resistance of pear varieties to pear psylla in different gardening areas of the region. The results of the research and their subsequent practical application
will contribute to an increase in the area of pear plantations. The research was carried out in the Prikuban
zone of the central and zakuban gardening subzones of the Krasnodar region in 2021-2024. The assessment
of the damage of 14 pear varieties by Psylla pyri L. was carried out by weekly monitoring of the pest development throughout the growing season. It was found that in the early spring period, preference for egg laying
is influenced by both the physiological features of the structure of shoots and buds, and the phenological
phase of pear development. It was noted that the maximum oviposition is observed on early ripening pear
varieties. Pear varieties have been identified, which have the least number of nymphs in the summer: Bere
Klerzho, Avgustin Perron, Krasnodarskaya letnyaya, Talgarskaya krasavicza. It was found that in these varieties the sugar content in the leaves phloem sap is 6-10 mg/g of crude matter, in the severely damaged
varieties Zimnyaya Mlievskaya and Moldavskaya rannyaya at the level of 14-17 mg/g of crude matter.

Keywords: pear, varieties, stability, pear psylla
Utilization of Averrhoa bilimbi, Orange Peel, and Spinach Waste as a Source of Organic Acids: A Study on Acid Concentration and Potential as a Reducing Agent
Authors: Mahesti Nurrohmah Dwi , Ansory Hery Muhamad
Published: February 2025

Fruit and vegetable waste contains organic acids that can still be utilized, offering new potential as reducing agents in environmentally friendly chemical applications. The samples used in this study include Averrhoa bilimbi, orange peel, and spinach waste, known to contain organic acids. This study aims to optimize the extraction process of organic acids from these samples and identify their potential as reducing agents. The method involves drying and dissolving the waste samples, which were dried at 60°C and then disbanded in aquabidest with varying times and temperatures. The concentration of organic acids was analyzed using alkalimetry and permanganometry to measure total acids and reduce acids. The results show that variations in dissolution time and temperature influence the concentration of dissolved organic acids in the waste samples. The highest concentration was achieved at a dissolution time of 90 minutes and a temperature of 60°C, with concentrations decreasing at longer times and higher temperatures. Qualitative identification indicates that Averrhoa bilimbi and spinach contain oxalic and ascorbic acids, while orange peel contains citric and ascorbic acids. These findings highlight the potential of these samples as reducing agents, especially under optimal dissolution conditions.
Developing Carbon Storage Technology to Combat Climate Change – Solving Industrial Engineering Problems
Authors: Thakur Ganesh C
Published: February 2025

Energy production and consumption are key elements of modern economic growth. There is a strong correlation between energy consumption and economic growth [1]. Liquid fossil fuels are a key component of the energy mix, contributing up to 34% of worldwide energy usage [2]. While energy sources are diversifying, liquid fossil fuels are still a key energy source in developing countries such as India. The rapid development of the economy of many countries is expected to intensify the energy demand from fossil fuels. This will inevitably lead to increased CO2 emissions. CO2 emissions have been rising worldwide, reaching 36.3 billion tonnes in 2021 [2]. Annual fossil CO2 emissions are increasing for major GHG emitters in the world. Bloomberg news mentions “Climate change is not a problem with a single solution. And it’s not a challenge that any one group - governments, companies, scientists or individual citizens - can solve alone.” Working together, we can build a healthier and more sustainable future for the generations to come. Utilizing a variety of technologies, e.g., solar, wind, geo-thermal, nuclear, extended batteries, and hydrogen, and strong government support, dedicated companies, universities and research centers, regulatory agencies and others, we have a great opportunity to solve this problem
The associations between discrete emotions and political learning: A cross-disciplinary meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Graf Elisabeth , Donath Johanna Lowis , Botes Elouise , Voracek Martin , Goetz Thomas
Published: February 2025

In recent decades, researchers' interest in the role of emotions in individual political learning has grown. However, it is still unclear whether and how discrete emotions are associated with political learning. Through a cross-disciplinary multilevel meta-analysis and systematic review (k = 66, N = 486), we address this question by analyzing various associations of political learning, such as political attention, information seeking, discussions, knowledge, and knowledge gain. We uncovered small positive associations (r =.05 to.13.) for activating emotions, of both negative (especially anger) and positive valence (e.g., enthusiasm, only in cross-sectional designs), but no associations for deactivating emotions. We discuss theoretical implications and recommend future research to include previously unconsidered emotions in order to extend existing findings.
SISTEM PENERANGAN LAMPU JALAN OTOMATIS BERBASIS INTERNET OF THINGS MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR CAHAYA DENGAN TELEGRAM
Authors: Ivan Rio Setiadi  , Hariyanto Susanto , Widyastuti Kusuma Lianny
Published: February 2025

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat sistem penerangan lampu jalan otomatis berbasis internet of things. menguji sistem penerangan lampu jalan otomatis berbasis internet of things dan sebagai referensi untuk penelitian selanjutnya. Metode yang di gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Internet of Things. Internet of Things adalah sebuah konsep dimana objek tertentu memiliki kemampuan untuk mentransfer data melalui jaringan wifi, jadi proses ini tidak memerlukan interaksi dari manusia ke manusia atau manusia ke komputer. Telegram merupakan media chat yang mirip dengan whatsapp tetapi belum memiliki fasilitas untuk menelepon teman. Telegram memiliki beberapa kelebihan, di antaranya didukung oleh 3 versi aplikasi, yaitu mobile, desktop, dan web. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan sistem penerangan lampu jalan otomatis berbasis internet of things dapat memudahkan operator petugas jalan dalam kontrol kerusakan lampu jalan serta memudahkan dalam monitoring lampu jalan dengan aplikasi telegram dan hasil dari jawaban responden kuisioner mendapatkan presentase sebesar 92% dalam memilih jawaban “Setuju”. Hasil ini menunjukan bahwa sistem penerangan lampu jalan otomatis berbasis internet of things mudah untuk digunakan dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan pengguna.
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM KEAMANAN KENDARAAN BERMOTOR BERBASIS IOT DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ARDUINO DAN KARTU RFID
Authors: Sugiakto Aurelio Bernard Sugiakto , Desiyanna Lasut  , Dwiyanthi Kusuma Ellysha
Published: February 2025

Kendaraan sepeda motor merupakan kendaraan yang sudah banyak digunakan untuk berpergian kemanapun dan kapan pun dengan cepat. Dan tidak sedikit juga sepeda motor yang hilang karena kelalaian pengendaranya dalam mengunci kendaraan mereka, ataupun karena keamanan kendaraan sepeda motor tersebut kurang aman. Maka dari itu dengan dibuatnya system keamanan kendaraan sepeda motor dengan menggunakan Modul RFID ini dapat memberikan keamanaan yang lebih untuk kendaraan sepeda motor tersebut dan mengurangi jumlah kehilangan terhadap sepeda motor. Dengan menggunakan metode Internet Of Things dan juga untuk system keamanan sepeda motor. Internet Of Things merupakan sebuah konsep yang bertujuan untuk memperluas manfaat dari konektivitas internet yang tersambung secara terus-menerus. Internet Of Things ini adalah program opensource yang menggunakan bahasa pemrograman C++ yang dapat dioperasikan dengan menggunakan aplikasi Arduino IDE yang dapat dengan mudah untuk diubah-ubah.  Dengan menggunakan NodeMCU, Modul RFID reader, RFID Tag, Modul Relay Arduino 12V, Step Down DC-DC, LED, Aplikasi Blynk, WiFi, dan beberapa kabel. Perancangan sistem keamanan kendaraan yang dibuat ini diharapkan dapat memberikan keamanan kendaraan yang telah dipasangkan sistem keamanan tersebut dan juga untuk memberikan rasa aman kepada pemilik kendaraan tersebut. Dengan Pembuatan kunci keamanan menggunakan metode IoT dapat memberi keamanan yang lebih maksimal
Analisis dan Perancangan Sistem Informasi Aplikasi Kost Berbasis Website Dengan Metode Pengujian UAT (User Acceptance Test)
Authors: Yoel Yoel Marcelino Pribadi , Suwitno Suwitno , Wijaya Andri
Published: February 2025

Sistem pemesanan kost yang masih menggunakan buku (manual) seringkali tidak efisien dan kurang memadai dalam memenuhi kebutuhan pengguna. Proses yang melibatkan kunjungan fisik dan komunikasi  yang tidak terstruktur membuat pengguna kesulitan dalam pemesanan kost. Selain itu, pemilik kost menghadapi tantangan dalam mengelola data penyewa kost Solusi yang di usulkan adalah pengembangan aplikasi kost berbasis website yang menyediakan platform yang efisien untuk pemesanan kost dan manajemen kost. Aplikasi ini dirancang untuk memudahkan pengguna dalam memesan kost. Di sisi lain, aplikasi ini memberikan alat manajemen  yang efisien bagi pemilik kost untuk mengelola kost mereka dan berinteraksi dengan penyewa. Metode pengujian User Acceptance Test (UAT) diterapkan untuk memastika bahwa sistem memenuhi kebutuhan dan ekspetasi pengguna. Sehingga sistem kost berbasis website diperlukan. Software yang digunakan untuk merancang aplikasi ini yaitu PHP, JavaScript, MySQL, CSS dan Bootstrap Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi kost berbasis website yang dirancang dengan metode UAT mampu meningkatkan efisiensi dan kepuasan pengguna dalam pemesanan kost. Pengujian UAT mencatat aplikasi yang perlu diperbaikan, yang kemudian diimplementasikan untuk meningkatkan kinerja dan funsionalitas sistem. Secara keseluruhan, aplikasi ini berhasil menyediakan solusi yang efektif untuk tantangan yang dihadapi dalam manajemen kost.
RANCANG TEMPAT SAMPAH PINTAR PEMILAH LOGAM DAN NON LOGAM DENGAN METODE METAL PROXIMTIY DAN ARDUINO R3 UNO
Authors: Cadrino Guesdy , Giap Yo Ceng
Published: February 2025

Manusia melakukan banyak aktivitas dalam kehidupannya, dalam aktivitas itu manusia dapat menghasilkan sampah. Sampah selalu timbul menjadi persoalan rumit dalam masyarakat yang kurang memiliki kepekaan terhadap lingkungan. Maka dari itu diperlukan tempat sampah yang dapat lebih efektif memilah sampah secara otomatis, sehingga dibutuhkannya sebuah inovasi berupa tempat sampah pemilah otomatis antara logam dan non logam untuk perancangan pembuatannya dibutuhkan Arduino R3 sebagai pusat pengolahan data, metal proximity dan sensor infrared sebagai sensor untuk mendeteksi sebuah sampah itu berstatus logam atau non logam, moto servo sebagai tuas penggerak sekaligus pemilah kemana sampah akan ditempatkan pada tempat yang seharusnya, sensor Ultrasonic HC-SR04 sebagai sensor yang mendeteksi pergerakan user kepada tempat sampah pintar dengan mengirimkan status kepada, moto servo menggerakan tuas tempat sampah. Banyak sampah yang sudah ditempatkan pada tempat sampah pintar yang sudah dibuat. Hasil uji coba pembuatan alat ini sudah memberikan presentasi 75% keberhasilan saat percobaannya.
Economic Development and Changing Women Lives: Evidence from Women Employment Participation in India
Authors: Bhat Suhail Ahmad , Mallniah L.C. , Singh Shambhavi
Published: February 2025

This paper examines the trends and patterns of women employment in India with the use of NSSO data from 1984 to 2011-12 and the latest PLFS data from 2017-2022. The paper draws out the changes in female employment during the period 1984-2022 by using exploratory research methods. The pa-per analyses the temporal trends from 1984 to 2022 across rural and urban areas and presents an overview of the status of female employment in India. The results show that over the period of last ten years the women employment in India has increased with manifold. The employment opportunities of women are showing an increasing trend with a shifted patterns of employment from agriculture sector to territory sector. The WPR of rural women of 15 years and above has increased to 35.8 percent. Whereas, among the urban female, it has been increased to 21.9 percent Moreover, the Indian economy is also witnessing the women entrepreneurship development in the country. Results shows that the unemployment rate (in percent) in usual status (ps+ss) among rural women has declined from 3.8 percent in 2017-18 to 1.8 in 2022-23. Whereas, among the urban female it has declined from 10.8 percent to 7.5 percent in the recall period. Therefore, the present paper attempts to analyze the economic development and the changing women employment participation in both organized and unorganized sector in India.
Carrying Fires: Indo-European Fire Rituals and Glowing Embers on the Move
Authors: Oestigaard Terje
Published: February 2025

The solemn sadhu carrying his holy fire in a ceramic pot on his head are the last bearers of a specific part of millennia long traditions and Indo-European heritages. While the Vedic fires still shine and burn in many rituals throughout the sub-Indian continent, the particular fires ever burning and carried in ceramic pots represent perhaps one of the oldest and most original types of Vedic and Indo-European fires and fire rituals. The reasons why these types of fires were seen as the utmost holy and preserved as the most venerated and honourable gift from the gods cannot be sought under the scorching sun along the holy rivers in India, but among pastoral groups living in harsh and cold conditions and climates. Among early Indo-European pastoralists, the ever-burning fire represented the ultimate source and force of life, and these beliefs have been so strong and pervasive that the tradition and religious importance still shines and will continue to do so, because in their seemingly simplicity, these fire rituals reveal a profound complexity and they enable particular ritual possibilities and unique conceptualisations of divinities and their qualities