bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wafer-scale ultra-broadband perfect absorber based on ultrathin Al-SiO2 stack metasurfaces
Authors: Li Hong , Zhang Cheng , Liu Xian Chao , Yu Peng , Chen Wei Dong , Xie Zheng Wei , Tang Ming Jun , Zheng Jie , Li Ling
Published: August 2022

Broadband absorbers with high absorption, ultrathin thickness, and lithography-free planar structure have a wide range of potential applications, such as clocking and solar energy harvesting. For plasmonic metal materials, achieving perfect ultra-broadband absorption remains a challenge owing to the intrinsically narrow bandwidth. In this study, wafer-scale Al-SiO2 stack metasurfaces were experimentally fabricated to realize perfect ultra-broadband absorption. The experimental results show that the absorption for Al-SiO2 stack metasurfaces can reach up to 98% for the wavelength range from the ultraviolet to the near-infrared (350–1400 nm). It was experimentally verified that the absorption performance of Al-SiO2 stack metasurfaces is dependent on the layer number and is superior to that of other metal-based stack metasurfaces. This study will pave the way for development of plasmonic metal-based ultra-broadband absorbers as in low cost and high performance robust solar energy devices.
A MEMS modulator-based dual-channel mid-infrared laser heterodyne radiometer for simultaneous remote sensing of atmospheric CH4, H2O and N2O
Authors: Xue Zhengyue , Shen Fengjiao , Li Jun , Liu Xiaohai , Wang Jingjing , Wang Guishi , Liu Kun , Chen Weidong , Gao Xiaoming , Tan Tu
Published: August 2022

The performance of a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) modulator-based dual-channel mid-infrared laser heterodyne radiometer (MIR-LHR) was demonstrated in ground-based solar occultation mode for the first time. A MEMS mirror was employed as an alternative modulator to the traditional mechanical chopper, which makes the system more stable and compact. Two inter-band cascade lasers (ICL) centered at 3.53 µm and 3.93 µm, were employed as local oscillators (LO) to probe absorption lines of methane (CH4), water vapor (H2O) and nitrous oxide (N2O). The system stability greater than 1000 s was evaluated by Allan variance. The experimental MIR-LHR spectra (acquired at Hefei, China, on February 24th 2022) of two channels were compared and were in good agreement with simulation spectra from atmospheric transmission modeling. The mixing ratio of CH4, H2O and N2O were determined to be ∼1.906 ppm, 3069 ppm and ∼338 ppb, respectively. The reported MEMS modulator-based dual-channel MIR-LHR in this manuscript has great potential to be a portable and high spectral resolution instrument for remote sensing of multi-component gases in the atmospheric column.
THz absorbers with an ultrahigh Q-factor empowered by the quasi-bound states in the continuum for sensing application
Authors: Yin Wei , Shen Zhonglei , Li Shengnan , Cui Yuqing , Gao Feng , Hao Huibo , Zhang Liuyang , Chen Xuefeng
Published: August 2022

The exceptional resonances excited by symmetry-protected quasi-bound states in the continuum (QBICs) have provided significant potential in high-sensitive sensing applications. Herein, we have proposed a type of metal-insulator-metal (MIM) absorbers supported by QBIC-induced resonances, and the ideal Q-factors of QBIC-induced resonances can be enhanced up to 105 in the THz regime. The coupled mode theory and the multipole scattering theory are employed to thoroughly interpret the QBIC-induced absorption mechanism. Furthermore, the refractive index sensing capacities of the as-presented absorbers have been investigated, where the maximum values of the sensing sensitivity and figure of merit (FOM) can reach up to 187 GHz per refractive index unit and 286, respectively. Therefore, it is believed that the proposed absorbers enabled by QBIC-induced resonances hold promising potential in a broad range of highly demanding sensing applications.
Design of a frequency-multiplexed metasurface with asymmetric transmission
Authors: Shang Guanyu , Guan Chunsheng , Zhang Kuang , Wu Qun , Liu Jian , Ding Xuemei , Li Haoyu , Burokur Shah Nawaz , Ding Xumin
Published: August 2022

Metasurfaces presenting diversified functionalities have broadened the prospect of manipulating the phase, amplitude, and polarization from the optical to microwave fields. Although the frequency-multiplexing strategy is one of the intuitive and effective approaches to expand the number of channels, demonstrations reporting on the combination between directional asymmetric transmission and frequency-multiplexing via an ultrathin flat device are limited. In this study, a novel, to the best of our knowledge, strategy is proposed to generate four independent holographic images under opposite illumination directions at two operating frequencies, utilizing a single metasurface composed of two types of metallic resonators and one grating layer. Specifically, each scattering channel with independent information makes full use of the whole metasurface. Simulation and experimental results show good agreement, highlighting the attractive capabilities of the multi-functional metasurface platform, which provides more freedom for the manipulation of electromagnetic waves.
Near-infrared 3D imaging with upconversion detection
Authors: Zhang He , Kumar Santosh , Sua Yong Meng , Zhu Shenyu , Huang Yu-Ping
Published: August 2022

We demonstrate a photon-sensitive, three-dimensional (3D) camera by active near-infrared illumination and fast time-of-flight gating. It uses picosecond pump pulses to selectively upconvert the backscattered photons according to their spatiotemporal modes via sum-frequency generation in a

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2

nonlinear crystal, which are then detected by an electron-multiplying CCD with photon sensitive detection. As such, it achieves sub-millimeter depth resolution, exceptional noise suppression, and high detection sensitivity. Our results show that it can accurately reconstruct the surface profiles of occluded targets placed behind highly scattering and lossy obscurants of 14 optical depth (round trip), using only milliwatt illumination power. This technique may find applications in biomedical imaging, environmental monitoring, and wide-field light detection and ranging.
A data compendium associating the genomes of 12,289 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates with quantitative resistance phenotypes to 13 antibiotics
Authors:   The CRyPTIC Consortium
Published: August 2022

The Comprehensive Resistance Prediction for Tuberculosis: an International Consortium (CRyPTIC) presents here a data compendium of 12,289 Mycobacterium tuberculosis global clinical isolates, all of which have undergone whole-genome sequencing and have had their minimum inhibitory concentrations to 13 antitubercular drugs measured in a single assay. It is the largest matched phenotypic and genotypic dataset for M. tuberculosis to date. Here, we provide a summary detailing the breadth of data collected, along with a description of how the isolates were selected, collected, and uniformly processed in CRyPTIC partner laboratories across 23 countries. The compendium contains 6,814 isolates resistant to at least 1 drug, including 2,129 samples that fully satisfy the clinical definitions of rifampicin resistant (RR), multidrug resistant (MDR), pre-extensively drug resistant (pre-XDR), or extensively drug resistant (XDR). The data are enriched for rare resistance-associated variants, and the current limits of genotypic prediction of resistance status (sensitive/resistant) are presented by using a genetic mutation catalogue, along with the presence of suspected resistance-conferring mutations for isolates resistant to the newly introduced drugs bedaquiline, clofazimine, delamanid, and linezolid. Finally, a case study of rifampicin monoresistance demonstrates how this compendium could be used to advance our genetic understanding of rare resistance phenotypes. The data compendium is fully open source and it is hoped that it will facilitate and inspire future research for years to come.
Human perceptual and metacognitive decision-making rely on distinct brain networks
Authors: Di Luzio Paolo , Tarasi Luca , Silvanto Juha , Avenanti Alessio , Romei Vincenzo
Published: August 2022

Perceptual decisions depend on the ability to exploit available sensory information in order to select the most adaptive option from a set of alternatives. Such decisions depend on the perceptual sensitivity of the organism, which is generally accompanied by a corresponding level of certainty about the choice made. Here, by use of corticocortical paired associative transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol (ccPAS) aimed at inducing plastic changes, we shaped perceptual sensitivity and metacognitive ability in a motion discrimination task depending on the targeted network, demonstrating their functional dissociation. Neurostimulation aimed at boosting V5/MT+-to-V1/V2 back-projections enhanced motion sensitivity without impacting metacognition, whereas boosting IPS/LIP-to-V1/V2 back-projections increased metacognitive efficiency without impacting motion sensitivity. This double-dissociation provides causal evidence of distinct networks for perceptual sensitivity and metacognitive ability in humans.
JQ-1 ameliorates schistosomiasis liver granuloma in mice by suppressing male and female reproductive systems and egg development of Schistosoma japonicum
Authors: Tian Jiaming , Dai Bingxin , Gong Li , Wang Pingping , Ding Han , Xia Siwei , Sun Weice , Ren Cuiping , Shen Jijia , Liu Miao
Published: August 2022

Schistosomiasis is a serious and widespread parasitic disease caused by infection with Schistosoma. Because the parasite’s eggs are primarily responsible for schistosomiasis dissemination and pathogenesis, inhibiting egg production is a potential approach to control the spread and severity of the disease. The bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) proteins represent promising targets for the development of epigenetic drugs against Schistosoma. JQ-1 is a selective inhibitor of the BET protein family. In the present study, JQ-1 was applied to S. japonicum in vitro. By using laser confocal scanning microscopy and EdU incorporation assays, we showed that application of JQ-1 to worms in vitro affected egg laying and the development of both the male and female reproductive systems. JQ-1 also inhibited the expression of the reproductive-related genes SjPlk1 and SjNanos1 in S. japonicum. Mice infected with S. japonicum were treated with JQ-1 during egg granuloma formation. JQ-1 treatment significantly reduced the size of the liver granulomas and levels of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in mice and suppressed both egg laying and the development of male and female S. japonicum reproductive systems in vivo. Moreover, the mRNA expression levels of some proinflammatory cytokines were decreased in the parasites. Our findings suggest that JQ-1 treatment attenuates S. japonicum egg–induced hepatic granuloma due at least in part to suppressing the development of the reproductive system and egg production of S. japonicum. These findings further suggest that JQ-1 or other BET inhibitors warrant additional study as a new approach for the treatment or prevention of schistosomiasis.
Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice towards ante natal exercise among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Health centers of Mekelle, Tigray Region, Ethiopia, 2020
Authors: Sitot Aregash , Workye Haile
Published: August 2022

Background

If pregnant mothers have no medical or obstetrical complications, they are encouraged to maintain active lifestyles during their pregnancies. Benefits of exercise during pregnancy include; prevention of gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia and reduced low back pain. Therefore this study is done to assess knowledge, attitude and practice towards antenatal exercise among pregnant women who are attending antenatal care at health centers of Mekelle, Tigray Region, Ethiopia.

Method

For this study cross-sectional study design was used. It was conducted from October 2019 up to January 2020 among 255 pregnant women who are attending antenatal care at selected health centers of Mekelle city. After the data were collected it was entered into epi-data 4.2.0 and was analyzed by using SPSS version 23.

Result

Among the study participants of pregnant women 51%, 56% and 16.6% had good knowledge, positive attitude and practice towards antenatal exercise respectively. Among those 38.8%, 45.9% and 49.8% were expressed as antenatal exercise can decrease back pain, prevents excessive weight gain and increase energy and stamina during pregnancy respectively. Among those who practiced antenatal exercise, 95% and 83.4% was practicing with frequency ≥ three times per week and ≥20 minutes of the duration of exercise per session respectively.

Discussion

Generally, this study showed that the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of pregnant mothers regarding antenatal exercise is poor. Therefore, health care providers who work on maternal health (Gynecologists, Midwives, Nurses, Health extension workers and other community workers) should provide counseling and health education on antenatal exercise.
Shotgun proteomic profiling of dormant, ‘non-culturable’ Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Nikitushkin Vadim , Shleeva Margarita , Loginov Dmitry , Dyčka F. Filip , Sterba Jan , Kaprelyants Arseny
Published: August 2022

Dormant cells of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, in addition to low metabolic activity and a high level of drug resistance, are characterized by ‘non-culturability’–a specific reversible state of the inability of the cells to grow on solid media. The biochemical characterization of this physiological state of the pathogen is only superficial, pending clarification of the metabolic processes that may exist in such cells. In this study, applying LC-MS proteomic profiling, we report the analysis of proteins accumulated in dormant, ‘non-culturable’ M. tuberculosis cells in an in vitro model of self-acidification of mycobacteria in the post-stationary phase, simulating the in vivo persistence conditions—the raw data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD028849. This approach revealed the preservation of 1379 proteins in cells after 5 months of storage in dormancy; among them, 468 proteins were statistically different from those in the actively growing cells and bore a positive fold change (FC). Differential analysis revealed the proteins of the pH-dependent regulatory system PhoP and allowed the reconstruction of the reactions of central carbon/glycerol metabolism, as well as revealing the salvaged pathways of mycothiol and UMP biosynthesis, establishing the cohort of survival enzymes of dormancy. The annotated pathways mirror the adaptation of the mycobacterial metabolic machinery to life within lipid-rich macrophages: especially the involvement of the methyl citrate and glyoxylate pathways. Thus, the current in vitro model of M. tuberculosis self-acidification reflects the biochemical adaptation of these bacteria to persistence in vivo. Comparative analysis with published proteins displaying antigenic properties makes it possible to distinguish immunoreactive proteins among the proteins bearing a positive FC in dormancy, which may include specific antigens of latent tuberculosis. Additionally, the biotransformatory enzymes (oxidoreductases and hydrolases) capable of prodrug activation and stored up in the dormant state were annotated. These findings may potentially lead to the discovery of immunodiagnostic tests for early latent tuberculosis and trigger the discovery of efficient drugs/prodrugs with potency against non-replicating, dormant populations of mycobacteria.
Stressors, manifestations and course of COVID-19 related distress among public sector nurses and midwives during the COVID-19 pandemic first year in Tasmania, Australia
Authors: Marsden Kathryn M. , Robertson I. K. , Porter J.
Published: August 2022

Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of healthcare workers has been established, linking workplace factors with high levels of stress, anxiety, depression, insomnia and burnout. Less established is how COVID-19 affects both work, home and social life of nurses and midwives concurrently. This study describes the prevalence and severity of anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and insomnia and examines their associations with stressors within the work, home and social environment, among nurses and midwives. A longitudinal, mixed-methods, online survey explored the psychological health of public sector nurses and midwives during the COVID-19 pandemic first year. Surveys were conducted in April (initial) and June 2020 (3-month), and April 2021 (12-month) and consisted of psychological tests including the Patient Health Questionnaire, General Anxiety Disorder, Insomnia Severity Index, and the Impact of Events Scale-Revised; workplace and lifestyle questions, together with free-text comments. The relative strengths of the associations between predictor and outcome variables were estimated using repeated measures ordered logistic regression, and free text responses were themed. Data show diagnostic levels of anxiety (23%, 18%, 21%) at surveys one, two and three respectively, depression (26%, 23% and 28%), PTSD (16%, 12% and 10%) and insomnia (19%, 19% and 21%). The strongest predictors of psychological distress were current home and family stress and poor clinical team support. Factors which will help preserve the mental health of nurses and midwives include strong workplace culture, reducing occupational risk, clear communication processes, and supporting stable and functional relationships at home. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the visibility of mental distress on nurses and midwives and established they are pivotal to healthcare. The health service has a duty-of-care for the welfare of nurses and midwives who have entered this psychologically taxing profession to future proof service delivery and safeguard its service-response capacity.
Effect of amaranth leaf meal on performance, meat, and bone characteristics of Ross 308 broiler chickens
Authors: Manyelo Tlou Grace , Sebola Nthabiseng Amenda , Mabelebele Monnye
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to determine the effect of amaranth leaf meal (ALM) inclusion levels on the productivity of Ross 308 broiler chickens. A total of 200, day-old, Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments in a complete randomized design, with each group having four replicates with ten chicks each. Amaranth leaf meal inclusion levels used in this study were 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%. Bodyweight and feed intake were measured weekly to calculate the feed conversion ratio. Meat and bone traits of broiler chickens fed amaranth leaf meal at varying levels were also measured whereas the general linear model of statistical analysis software was used to analyze collected data. Amaranth leaf meal inclusion level had no effect (p > 0.05) on initial weight, final weight, average daily gain, and average daily feed intake of Ross 308 broiler chickens aged one to 42 days. Ross 308 broiler chickens which were given diets with 0 and 10% ALM inclusion levels, had higher (p < 0.05) cooking loss than those on diets with 5, 15, and 20% of ALM inclusion levels. Chickens fed with a diet having a 15% ALM inclusion level, had a greater (p < 0.05) tibia diameter than those on 0, 5, 10, and 20% ALM inclusion levels. Ross 308 broiler chickens which were fed with 5 and 15% ALM inclusion levels, had larger (p < 0.05) femur diameters than those on 0, 10, and 20% ALM inclusion levels. Ross 308 broiler chickens fed with diets having a 15% ALM inclusion level, had longer (p < 0.05) tibia lengths than those fed with diets having 0, 5, and 10% ALM inclusion levels. It can be concluded that amaranth leaf meal can be included in the diets of Ross 308 broiler chickens aged one to 42 days at 5, 10, and 15% levels without adverse effects on productivity, meat quality, and the bone characteristics of the chickens. This augurs well for poultry farmers in many parts of Africa where the production of vegetable amaranth is in abundance.
Neural correlates of thematic role assignment for passives in Standard Indonesian
Authors: Jap Bernard A. J. , Hsu Yu-Yin , Politzer-Ahles Stephen
Published: August 2022

Previous studies of multiple languages have found processing differences between patient-first and agent-first word orders. However, the results are inconsistent as they do not identify a specific ERP component as a unique correlate of thematic role processing. Furthermore, these studies generally confound word order with frequency, as patient-first structures tend to be infrequent in the languages that have been investigated. There is evidence that frequency at the sentence level plays a significant role in language processing. To address this potential confounding variable, we will test a language where the non-canonical sentences are more frequent and are comparable to the canonical sentences, namely Standard Indonesian. In this language, there is evidence from acquisition, corpus, and clinical data indicates that the use of passive is frequent and salient. One instance of this difference can be demonstrated by the fact that it has been suggested that frequency may be the reason why Indonesian-speaking aphasic speakers do not have impairments in the comprehension of passives, whereas speakers of other languages with aphasia often do. In the present study, we will test 50 native speakers of Indonesian using 100 sentences (50 active and 50 passive sentences). If the neural correlates of thematic role processing are not observed in the critical region of the sentence (the prefix of the verb), this would suggest that the previous results were indeed influenced by frequency, but if we find that specific ERPs are connected to the hypothesized syntactic operations, this would further reinforce the existing evidence of the increased cognitive load required to process more syntactically complicated sentences.
The relationships of psychological capital and influence regulation with job satisfaction and job performance
Authors: Paliga Mateusz , Kożusznik Barbara , Pollak Anita , Sanecka Elżbieta
Published: August 2022

Background and aims

The individual difference predictors of positive work attitudes and behaviors have been widely investigated in the field of positive organizational scholarship. However, to date, integrating studies linking positive psychological resources, such as Psychological Capital and influence regulation, with positive organizational outcomes are still scarce. Thus, the main aim of the present study was to examine the relationships of Psychological Capital and influence regulation with job satisfaction and job performance both at the individual and team levels.

Methods

Within the cross-sectional multi-source research involving both team leaders and team members from 34 different teams, we examined the relationships of Psychological Capital and influence regulation with job satisfaction and job performance. The relationships of the study variables were based on the positive organizational behavior and the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions, which suggest the positive relationships of distinct positive psychological resources with positive work outcomes. Accordingly, in addition to the widely accepted concept of Psychological Capital (PsyCap), we employed and analyzed the complimentary construct of influence regulation (i.e., the ability to intentionally share social influence with others in the workplace) both at the individual and group levels.

Results

The results of hierarchical linear modeling with 304 individuals from 34 teams from a diverse sample of Polish employees indicated that team members’ PsyCap was positively linked to individual-level job satisfaction and two facets of job performance, i.e. creative performance and in-role performance. In contrast, no relationship was found between influence regulation and job satisfaction or job performance at both levels of analysis.

Conclusion

With regard to positive interpersonal resources, the findings highlight the role of PsyCap in predicting job satisfaction and job performance and broaden the understanding of positivity in the workplace by introducing the construct of influence regulation. Also, based on the study results, managerial implications are discussed.
Use of mixed-type data clustering algorithm for characterizing temporal and spatial distribution of biosecurity border detections of terrestrial non-indigenous species
Authors: Kachigunda Barbara , Mengersen Kerrie , Perera Devindri I. , Coupland Grey T. , van der Merwe Johann , McKirdy Simon
Published: August 2022

Appropriate inspection protocols and mitigation strategies are a critical component of effective biosecurity measures, enabling implementation of sound management decisions. Statistical models to analyze biosecurity surveillance data are integral to this decision-making process. Our research focuses on analyzing border interception biosecurity data collected from a Class A Nature Reserve, Barrow Island, in Western Australia and the associated covariates describing both spatial and temporal interception patterns. A clustering analysis approach was adopted using a generalization of the popular k-means algorithm appropriate for mixed-type data. The analysis approach compared the efficiency of clustering using only the numerical data, then subsequently including covariates to the clustering. Based on numerical data only, three clusters gave an acceptable fit and provided information about the underlying data characteristics. Incorporation of covariates into the model suggested four distinct clusters dominated by physical location and type of detection. Clustering increases interpretability of complex models and is useful in data mining to highlight patterns to describe underlying processes in biosecurity and other research areas. Availability of more relevant data would greatly improve the model. Based on outcomes from our research we recommend broader use of cluster models in biosecurity data, with testing of these models on more datasets to validate the model choice and identify important explanatory variables.
Testing a first online intervention to reduce conformity to cyber aggression in messaging apps
Authors: Bleize Daniëlle N. M. , Anschütz Doeschka J. , Tanis Martin , Buijzen Moniek
Published: August 2022

Early adolescents frequently use mobile messaging apps to communicate with peers. The popularity of such messaging apps has a critical drawback because it increases conformity to cyber aggression. Cyber aggression includes aggressive peer behaviors such as nasty comments, nonconsensual image sharing, and social exclusion, to which adolescents subsequently conform. Recent empirical research points to peer group norms and reduced accountability as two essential determinants of conformity to cyber aggression. Therefore, the current study aimed to counteract these two determinants in a 2 (peer group norms counteracted: yes, no) x 2 (reduced accountability counteracted: yes, no) design. We created four intervention conditions that addressed adolescents’ deficits in information, motivation, and behavioral skills. Depending on the condition (peer group norms, reduced accountability, combination, or control), we first informed participants about the influence of the relevant determinant (e.g., peer group norms). Subsequently, participants performed a self-persuasion task and formulated implementation-intentions to increase their motivation and behavioral skills not to conform to cyber aggression. Effectiveness was tested with a messaging app paradigm and self-report among a sample of 377 adolescents (Mage= 12.99,SDage= 0.84; 53.6% boys). Factorial ANCOVAs revealed that none of the intervention conditions reduced conformity to cyber aggression. Moreover, individual differences in susceptibility to peer pressure or inhibitory control among adolescents did not moderate the expected relations. Therefore, there is no evidence that our intervention effectively reduces conformity to cyber aggression. The findings from this first intervention effort point to the complex relationship between theory and practice. Our findings warrant future research to develop potential intervention tools that could effectively reduce conformity to cyber aggression.
Early risk of acute myocardial infarction following hospitalization for severe influenza infection in the middle-aged population of Hong Kong
Authors: Cheng Ho Yu , Fung Erik , Choi Kai Chow , Zou Hui Jing , Chair Sek Ying
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Despite evidence suggesting an association between influenza infection and increased risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the older adult population (aged 65 years or above), little is known about its near-term risks in middle-aged adults (aged 45 to 64 years). This study aims to estimate the risks of and association between severe influenza infection requiring hospitalization and subsequent AMI within 12 months in middle-aged adults.

Method

This is a retrospective case-control analysis of territorywide registry data of people aged 45 to 64 years admitting from up to 43 public hospitals in Hong Kong during a 20-year period from January 1997 to December 2017. The exposure was defined as severe influenza infection documented as the principal diagnosis using International Classification of Diseases codes and non-exposure as hospitalization for orthopedic surgery. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk of subsequent hospitalization for AMI within 12 months following the exposure.

Results

Among 30,657 middle-aged adults with an indexed hospitalization, 8,840 (28.8%) had an influenza-associated hospitalization. 81 (0.92%) were subsequently rehospitalized with AMI within 12 months after the indexed hospitalization. Compared with the control group, the risk of subsequent hospitalization for AMI was significantly increased (odds ratio [OR]: 2.54, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.64–3.92, p<0.001). The association remained significant even after adjusting for potential confounders (adjusted OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.11–2.95, p = 0.02). Patients with a history of hypertension, but not those with diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia or atrial fibrillation/flutter, were at increased risk (adjusted OR: 5.01, 95% CI: 2.93–8.56, p<0.001).

Conclusion

Subsequent hospitalization for AMI within 12 months following an indexed respiratory hospitalization for severe influenza increased nearly two-fold compared with the non-cardiopulmonary, non-exposure control. Recommendation of influenza vaccination extending to middle-aged adult population may be justified for the small but significant increased near-term risk of AMI.
National differences in dissemination and use of open access literature
Authors: Simard Marc-André , Ghiasi Gita , Mongeon Philippe , Larivière Vincent
Published: August 2022

Open Access (OA) dissemination has been gaining a lot of momentum over the last decade, thanks to the implementation of several OA policies by funders and institutions, as well as the development of several new platforms that facilitate the publication of OA content at low or no cost. Studies have shown that nearly half of the contemporary scientific literature could be available online for free. However, few studies have compared the use of OA literature across countries. This study aims to provide a global picture of OA adoption by countries, using two indicators: publications in OA and references made to articles in OA. We find that, on average, low-income countries are publishing and citing OA at the highest rate, while upper middle-income countries and higher-income countries publish and cite OA articles at below world-average rates. These results highlight national differences in OA uptake and suggest that more OA initiatives at the institutional, national, and international levels are needed to support wider adoption of open scholarship.
Imaging characteristics and diagnostic accuracy of FDG-PET/CT, contrast enhanced CT and combined imaging in patients with suspected mycotic or inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysms
Authors: Husmann Lars , Huellner Martin W. , Gruenig Hannes , Ledergerber Bruno , Messerli Michael , Mestres Carlos-A. , Rancic Zoran , Hasse Barbara
Published: August 2022

Purpose

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and specific imaging characteristics of positron emission tomography/computed tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (PET/CT), contrast enhanced CT (CE-CT), and a combined imaging approach (CE-PET/CT) in patients with infectious/mycotic (MAA), inflammatory (IAA), and non-infected, non-inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA).

Materials and methods

In this single-center retrospective cohort study, all imaging data sets of 29 consecutive patients with clinically suspected MAA or IAA were anonymised with different, reshuffled identification numbers and retrospectively and independently analysed by two experienced readers, blinded to all clinical patient data. Readers determined the presence or absence and MAA, IAA and AAA and of predefined imaging characteristics (e.g. fluid collection), and measured metabolic activity and wall thickness of all aneurysms. A multidisciplinary team of specialists served as standard of reference and re-evaluated every clinical case, considering all clinical, laboratory, microbiological, histopathological and imaging results, including all follow-up examinations.

Results

Diagnostic accuracy was higher in PET/CT as compared to CE-CT in differentiating AAA from MAA and IAA: area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) 0.81 (95% confidence intervals 0.69–0.92) and 0.63 (0.52–0.74) (P = 0.027). Specific imaging characteristics were significantly associated with different types of aneurysms (P<0.05), i.e. very high metabolic activity and dorsal sparing of metabolic activity in PET/CT and wall thickening in CE-CT were indicative for IAA; fat stranding and fluid collections in CE-CT were associated with MAA; while low metabolic acitivity and absence of wall thickening in PET/CT, and less fat stranding and absence of wall thickening in CE-CT were indicative for non-infected, non-inflammatory AAA.

Conclusion

Specific imaging characteristics of PET/CT and CE-CT may be helpful in differentiating between MAA, IAA, and non-infected, non-inflammatory AAA.
Risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 infection in cancer patients pre- and post-vaccination
Authors: Alsagaby Suliman A. , Alharbi Naif Khalaf , Alhumaydhi Fahad A. , Alsubaie Faisal , Bosaeed Mohammad , Aljouie Abdulrhman , Assiri Abdullah M. , Alshammari Kanan
Published: August 2022

Background

Severe complications from COVID-19 and poor responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination were commonly reported in cancer patients compared to those without cancer. Therefore, the identification of predisposing factors to SARS-CoV-2 infection in cancer patients would assist in the prevention of COVID-19 and improve vaccination strategies. The literature lacks reports on this topic from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Therefore, we studied clinical and laboratory data of 139 cancer patients from King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, KSA.

Methods

The cancer patients fall into three categories; (i) uninfected with SARS-CoV-2 pre-vaccination and remained uninfected post-vaccination (control group; n = 114; 81%), (ii) pre-vaccination infected group (n = 16; 11%), or (iii) post-vaccination infected group (n = 9; 6%). Next, the clinical and lab data of the three groups of patients were investigated.

Results

Comorbidity factors like diabetes and hemodialysis were associated with the risk of infection in cancer patients before the vaccination (p<0.05). In contrast to breast cancer, papillary thyroid cancer was more prevalent in the infected patients pre- and post-vaccination (p<0.05). Pre-vaccination infected group had earlier cancer stages compared with the control group (p = 0.01). On the other hand, combined therapy was less commonly administrated to the infected groups versus the control group (p<0.05). Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio was lower in the post-vaccination infected group compared to the control group (p = 0.01).

Conclusion

Collectively, this is the first study from KSA to report potential risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 infection in cancer patients pre- and post-vaccination. Further investigations on these risk factors in a larger cohort are worthwhile to draw a definitive conclusion about their roles in predisposing cancer patients to the infection.
Turning the world back to earth (and back again) through Alessandro Sciarroni’s spinning practice
Authors: Vicente Gustavo
Published: August 2022

In this article, I address Alessandro Sciarroni’s spinning practice as it was taught and perceived in the context of the choreographer’s workshop at the 2019Na Práticasummer school in Portugal. Drawing on my personal involvement as a participant, I begin by evoking my embodied experience to outline and characterize the different impressions raised by the spinning exercises. Therefore, exploring a possible understanding of my body-in-action within the experimental rationale that framed the workshop. I then take a closer look at the practice under Martin Heidegger’s conceptual dichotomy of ‘earth vs. world’ insofar as it provides a systematic scale of relational possibilities between our bodies, ourselves as individuals and our surrounding environment. Hence, contributing to the overall debate around the relation between somatic practices and knowledge reproduction. I build on this reflection by further exploring the potential that spinning practice has in stimulating new understandings of ‘being in the earth’, thus raising the great conversation about the urgency of human beings to ‘turn’ their attitude towards the planet.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE RING CHRONOLOGIES OF MODERN AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL WOOD FROM THE TOBOL- ISHIM INTERFLUVE AND THE PROSPECTS FOR CONSTRUCTION OF REGIONAL DENDROARCHAEOLOGICAL SCALES
Authors:   Institute of the Problems of Northern Development of Tyumen Scientific Center SB RAS, S. Arefyev , V. Zakh ,   Institute of the Problems of Northern Development of Tyumen Scientific Center SB RAS
Published: August 2022

The article examines a collection of eight ironcollared hooksfrom early medieval burials of archers in the Kuznetsk basin. Theseitems were found on four funerary sites Sapogovo, Shestaki-II, Esaulka and Vaganovo, dated by researchers at different intervals within the 7th –10th centuries. The finds are subject to typological classification, typological-chronological and comparative analysis, as well as ethnocultural characterization. As a result of the classification, five types of products are identified. All of them belong to the archaeological and ethnographic complex of those buried according to the rite of cremation on the side and the Saratov archaeological culture at the first and second stages of development in the Kuznetsk basin. It was established that in the early Middle Ages, warriors only in special cases used iron bell hooks. A wide typological range of these products, refl ecting their design features, indicates the lack of stable traditions for their manufacture in the region, which allows us to conclude that they are borrowed from neighboring territories of Sayano-Altai. This is also evidenced by a comparative analysis that allows us to conclude that the use of iron hooks for fastening the quiver in the Kuznetsk basin reflects the general dynamics of the development of similar products in Central Asia and steppe Eurasia during the Middle Ages.
THE PLANS OF BURIAL GROUNDS IN TSZURUMTE, SUTSZUKTE AND GUDZHIRTE VALLEYS (NOIN-UUL, MONGOLIA)
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology of Mongolian Academy of Sciences, N.-O. Erdene-Ochir , N. Sutiagina ,   The State Hermitage Museum. St. Petersburg
Published: August 2022

The article discusses the historical and modern plans of the Xiongnu necropolises in the Noin-Uul Mountains in the north part of Mongolia. The description and analysis of the drawings prepared by the participants of the Mongol-Tibetan expedition led by P.K. Kozlov in 1924–1925 are presented. The drawings were accompanied by the list of the identified mounds with detailed information about every burial in Tszurumte and Sutszukte valleys. However, until recently, the materials have not published and available for study. This makes it necessary to re-study cemeteries and prepare new drawings. In 2021, the expedition of the Institute of Archaeology of the MAS completed new drawings using modern aerial survey methods and geopositioning devices. A signifi cant amount of the information accumulated over a century actualizes the task of studying the entire corpus of archaeological, written and visual sources, the use of multidisciplinary methods for studying the topography and planigraphy of the Noin-Uul burial grounds. This approach makes it possible to identify common features and significant differences between the Xiongnu necropolises in three valleys.
Panorama dos desastres climatológicos, hidrológicos, meteorológicos e geológicos durante o período de 2010 – 2019
Authors: Parizzi Maria Giovana
Published: August 2022

O artigo apresenta um panorama sobre grupos de desastres climatológicos, hidrológicos, meteorológicos e geológicos ocorridos no mundo durante os anos de 2010 a 2019. Os desastres são descritos em termos de categoria, número de ocorrências, número de óbitos e de pessoas afetadas. Os dados foram obtidos a partir da consulta de bancos de dados disponíveis em sites de internet e artigos e revistas especializados em gestão de desastres. Para a obtenção dos dados internacionais foram consultados: Banco de Dados de Eventos Emergentes (EM-DAT) associado ao Centro de Pesquisa em Epidemiologia de Desastres (CRED); Relatórios Anuais de Desastres do CRED; banco de dados do site da Organização Mundial da Saúde (World Health Organization – WHO); relatórios do Escritório das Nações Unidas para a Redução dos Riscos de Desastres (United Nations Office of Disaster Redution Risk – UNDRR); além de fontes de periódicos. Foi possível observar que o ano de 2010 foi o ano com maior número de óbitos devido a desastres concentrados no Haiti, Rússia e Somália. Os terremotos, as ondas de calor, as inundações e as secas foram os fenômenos que mais ocasionaram mortes relacionadass aos desastres geológicos, meteorológicos, hidrológicos e climatológicos. Muitos desastres biológicos secundários são citados como consequências dos grupos de desastres analisados e muitas vezes decorrentes das condições indignas impostas às populações afetadas por eles. Alguns fatores podem ser citados como de suma importância para justificar os desastres, dentre eles, a magnitude e frequência do fenômeno, a predisposição de alguns países a sofrerem com o impacto de mais de um tipo de fenômeno, muitas vezes, em um mesmo ano; a preparação da população para o enfrentamento do desastre, e a situação social, política e econômica que irá indicar o grau de vulnerabilidade e capacidade de recuperação da população.
PRESENT DEVELOPMENT OF ANODE MATERIALS IN LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES: A REVIEW
Authors: Diwan Dr. Iti , Khare Dr. Purnima Swarup
Published: August 2022

Recently the world is suffering from insufficiency of natural energy resources in comparison to higher energy consumption, lack of environmental health (Climate change, Air-pollution, plastic waste and so on) and the sudden enhanced usage of- portable electronics, electric vehicles, HEV on daily bases- motivates scientist to invent new, efficient, clean and low-cost alternative energy resources such as- Lithium Ion Battery. On account of high capacity, fast charge-discharge rates, light weight, long lifetime, high stability Lithium-ion batteries are very promising energy storage devices. Their great electrochemical performance makes them commercially viable. These rechargeable batteries have proved themselves as a rising star and contain a lot more potential to fulfil the future energy requirements. This paper will highlight a review on Li-ion Batteries from their birth till now, the growth and increments on their fabrication techniques and represents advantages of carbonic anodes. It also gives us an idea about why carbon-based nanostructures (graphite, graphene, CNTs, CQDs, and GQDs) and their composites are the best choice of anode materials for Li-ion Batteries. We hope to present a brief knowledge about different carbon-based anode with comprehensive study of different anodic materials which were already available in the literature.
Little signs, local seeds, learning and development: an interview on social pedagogy in the UK and Germany
Authors: Spatscheck Christian , Petrie Pat
Published: August 2022

This interview article summarises the key themes of an expert interview held by Christian Spatscheck with Pat Petrie. The text identifies and reflects the history of the establishment and development of social pedagogy in the UK and Germany since the 1990s. The interview ends with the identification of challenges for the further development of social pedagogy for the future.
A GEODIVERSIDADE VAI À ESCOLA: SOLOS, ROCHAS E MINERAIS COMO RECURSOS DIDÁTICOS NA ABORDAGEM DE TEMÁTICAS SOCIOAMBIENTAIS
Authors: Da Silva José Rafael Vilela
Published: August 2022

O ensino e reflexão sobre conceitos e discussões que constituem as temáticas socioambientais, em muitos casos são tratados de forma superficial, ou são deixados de lado no contexto da Educação Básica, em virtude das dificuldades encontradas pelos educadores em dialogar e trabalhar com estes conteúdos. Tendo em vista esta questão, e a relevância do debate destas temáticas, busca-se, neste artigo, salientar o potencial dos componentes da geodiversidade na abordagem das temáticas socioambientais, sobretudo na Geografia Escolar. Para tal, realizou-se uma extensa revisão bibliográfica e a interpretação e discussão dos resultados obtidos a partir de atividades e práticas didáticas aplicadas com estudantes do 1° ano do ensino médio noturno de uma escola da rede pública de Londrina (PR). As reflexões alcançadas na pesquisa revelaram múltiplas possibilidades e potencialidades dos componentes da geodiversidade (rochas, minerais, solos, formas do relevo, etc.) enquanto recursos didáticos que podem auxiliar os docentes de Geografia na abordagem de temáticas socioambientais, e os estudantes na compreensão das discussões relativas à temática, desde a escala local até a global.
CONSERVAR E APRESENTAR: REFLEXÕES GEOGRÁFICAS SOBRE O ESPAÇO-TEMPO DO PATRIMÔNIO
Authors: Leite Thomaz Menezes
Published: August 2022

As discussões sobre patrimônio e patrimonialização têm ganhado relevância e destaque em diversos campos científicos assim como na sociedade. Apesar de tardia, a presença de geógrafos nos debates e suas contribuições sobre o assunto têm se consolidado. O artigo tem como hipótese que o patrimônio é uma categoria de pensamento que possibilita o reconhecimento de novas relações espaço-temporais a partir do estudo de caso de ações de patrimonialização. Para testar tal hipótese, foi realizada uma análise fundamentada na ideia de narrativa de três objetos emblemáticos: o Parque Nacional de Itatiaia, as cidades históricas de Minas Gerais e o Parque do Aterro do Flamengo. Descobriu-se que os tempos-verbais que caracterizariam os casos, respectivamente, seriam o mitológico, o pretérito-mais-que-perfeito e o inédito pretérito do futuro. Conclui-se que admitir o patrimônio como categoria de pensamento para a Geografia permite não só a descoberta de situações singulares de espaço-tempo, mas também analisar o patrimônio, a patrimonialização e suas consequências a partir de um novo ponto de vista.
Scholars and Literati at the Royal Academy of Sciences of Lisbon (1779-1800)
Authors: Vitale Mara
Published: August 2022

This note is a summary description of the set of literati whowere members of the Royal Academy of Sciences aof Lisbon from its inception in 1779 to the eve of the Industrial Revolution (1800).