bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH BIAYA KOMPONEN NONTEKNIS TERHADAP BIAYA LOGISTIK PELABUHAN WILAYAH KEPULAUAN
Authors: Tukan Marcus , Hozairi Hozairi , Koswara Roland , Camerling Billy J
Published: November 2023

Tingginya biaya logistik di pelabuhan wilayah kepulauan merupakan permasalahan transportasi laut yang hingga saat ini masih sulit untuk diselesaikan, berangkat dari hal ini biaya container perlu dievaluasi. Kajian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi komponen pembiayaan nonteknis yang mempengaruhi biaya logistik di sektor transportasi laut khususnya untuk kegiatan kepelabuhanan. Dengan studi komparatif yang dilakukan guna memahami perilaku tarif biaya nonteknis dan dengan metode Multi Attribute Decision Making (MADM) ditemukan biaya tenaga kerja bongkar muat (TKBM) dan biaya pengamanan container yang dikirim keluar pelabuhan cukup tinggi mencapai 21,84% sehingga berdampak terhadap efisiensi dan multiplayer efek terhadap kinerja pelabuhan dan pertumbuhan ekonomi wilayah hinterland.
IDENTIFIKASI KENDALA-KENDALA KONEKTIVITAS TRANSPORTASI LAUT DI WILAYAH KEPULAUAN
Authors: Kelwulan Lodewyk Matheos , Soumokil Ruth P. , Manuputty Monalisa
Published: November 2023

Sistem transportasi geografis berkaitan dengan pergerakan orang, barang dan informasi,  yang mencoba mentautkan kendala-kendala dan atribut-atribut spasial dengan titik-titik asal, titik-titik tujuan, jarak, sifat dan tujuan pergerakan.  Konektivitas antar pulau menjadi salah satu kendala transportasi geografis untuk pengembangan sistem transportasi laut di wilayah kepulauan. Provinsi Maluku dengan 1.388 pulau dengan infrastruktur transportasi darat terbatas di sebagian besar pulau, mobilitas orang dan barang rendah, memiliki permasalahan konektivitas antar pulau yang cukup rumit. Dengan menggunakan analisis Weighted Arithmetic Mean (WAM) dan analisis statistik diketahui bahwa masalah utama yang dihadapi oleh para pengguna moda transportasi laut di wilayah kepulauan adalah waktu tunggu yang cukup lama di pelabuhan,  disamping tidak tersedianya informasi penjadwalan kapal.  Ketiadaan kapal pada saat dibutuhkan juga merupakan salah satu masalah utama sistem transportasi antar pulau di wilayah kepulauan
SEPARATION OF ETHANOL-WATER AZEOTROPE MIXTURES USING EXTRACTIVE DISTILLATION METHOD
Authors: Taipabu Muhammad Ikhsan , Wu Wei , Viswanathana Karthickeyan , Hattu Nikmans , Rumpakwakra Ervina , Kololu Micky
Published: November 2023

Extractive distillation is a specialized distillation process that involves adding an additional component (extractive agent or solvent/entrainer) to the mixture in order to alter the relative volatilities of the components and enable their separation, even when they form azeotropes. This technique is commonly used to separate azeotropic mixtures, such as ethanol-water azeotropes. The ethanol-water azeotrope is a well-known example, where the mixture contains around 95.6 wt% ethanol and 4.4 wt% water. Traditional distillation methods cannot separate these components efficiently due to the azeotropic behavior. However, extractive distillation offers a solution by introducing a third component (entrainer) that forms a ternary azeotrope, which has different properties compared to the binary azeotrope (ethanol-water). This study presents the effect of the operating parameters (e.g., column configuration, pressure, entrainer type) on energy consumption while the purity of ethanol is set to 99.5 wt%. Appropriate entrainers (i.e., glycerol, ethylene glycol) are chosen to extract water from methanol at different compositions. The optimum design of ethanol-water azeotrope separation is obtained by using sensitivity analysis in Aspen Plus simulation. The results indicate the trade-off between solvent and reboiler duty consumption. An advanced comparison study is recommended, including the mixing of both solvents as entrainer.
STUDI PERBANDINGAN EFEKTIVITAS BERBAGAI MODEL TUBE PENUKAR KALOR SEBAGAI SISTEM PEMULIHAN LIMBAH PANAS
Authors: Titahelu Nicolas , Louhenapessy Jandri , Litiloly Samy Junus , Arson Arson
Published: November 2023

Fokus utama penelitian ini adalah memodifikasi tube pipa lurus menggunakan berbagai model (serpentin, paralel dan helikal) tube penukar kalor sebagai sistem pemulihan limbah panas yang berasal dari generator listrik 5 kVa, Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kecepatan udara sisi shell yang efektif, dimana efektivitas berbagai model (serpentin, paralel dan helikal) tube penukar kalor yang maksimal. Kecepatan udara sisi shell bervariasi dari 0.5 hingga 2.5 m/s pada panjang shell penukar kalor konstan. Pencatatan data berupa suhu, kecepatan udara sisi shell, dan laju aliran massa fluida panas (gas bekas) setelah tercapai kondisi tunak. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan kajian simulasi berdasarkan data eksperimen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas menurun dengan peningkatan kecepatan udara sisi shell, dimana efektivitas maksimum pada kecepatan udara minimum untuk ketiga model (serpentin, paralel dan helikal) tube penukar kalor masing-masing sebesar 50.2%, 57.1% dan 84.7%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa model tube helikal paling efektif dimana efektivitas penukar kalor maksimum pada kecepatan udara sisi shell 0.5 m/s dan dapat digunakan selanjutnya dalam aplikasi.
ANALISIS UJI TARIK LAS SMAW POSISI 3G UPHILL DENGAN VARIASI ARUS PENGELASAN
Authors: Franata T Niko Agung , Metekohy O. , Lekatompessy Sonja Treisje Anthonia
Published: November 2023

Arus pengelasan sangatlah penting karena dapat mempengaruhi kekuatan sambungan las. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kekuatan tarik baja karbon rendah ABS Grade A 12 mm dengan menggunakan variai arus las dan sifat mekanis. Penelitian ini menggunakan mesin las SMAW dengan posisi pengelasan 3G Uphill. Kampuh yang digunakan adalah kampuh X dengan Gepht 2 mm. Arus las yang digunakan 75A, 112A dan 160A. Hasil ultimate tensile strength raw material didapat nilai 443 Mpa, nilai ultimate tensile strength untuk arus 75A adalah 340,37 Mpa, mengalami penurunan dari niali ultimate tensile strength raw material. Nilai ultimate tensile strength untuk arus 112A adalah 481,56 Mpa, mengalami kenaikan 48,56 Mpa dari kelompok raw material. Nilai ultimate tensile strength pada arus 160A adalah 524,52 Mpa, mengalami kenaikan 81,52 Mpa. kekuatan tarik tertinggi terdapat pada arus las 160A dengan nilai kekuatan tarik 524,52 Mpa dan terendah pada arus pengelasan 75A dengan nilai kekuatan tarik 340,37 Mpa. Menunjukkan semakin besar arus las yang digunakan maka kekuatan tariknya semakin besar.
Case Reports
Authors: ASMIHA ASMIHA
Published: November 2023

Abstracts of the 32nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Indonesian Heart Association (ASMIHA) 2023
Review
Authors: InaHRS InaHRS
Published: November 2023

Abstracts of the 10th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Indonesian Heart Rhythm Society (InaHRS) 2023: Review
Calcidius against Plato’s obscuritas (again)
Authors: Delle Donne Carlo
Published: November 2023

At a certain point of his commentary on Plato’s Timaeus (317.15 ff. Wazink), Calcidius sets out to distinguish different kinds of obscurity that can affect a text. The first to be analysed is the obscuritas iuxta dicentem: in this case, obscuritas is said to depend on either a decision (studio) made by the author (this was the case of both Aristotle and Heraclitus), or the inefficacy of language (imbecillitas sermonis). Secondly, Calcidius takes into account the obscuritas iuxta audientem, i.e. that particular kind of obscurity which is due to both the novelty and even the oddity of the discourse (cum inaudita et insolita dicuntur), and the intellectual inadequacy of the listener (cum is qui audit pigriore ingenio est ad intellegendum). Thirdly, Calcidius mentions a kind of obscurity which is said to be iuxta rem. In other words, this obscurity is relative to any res (i.e. any object of analysis) which is such that it cannot be precisely and immediately understood. Note that Calcidius takes this to be the case of Plato’s chora: for, neither it can be perceived through the means of sense perception, nor it can be intellectually grasped. But, as Calcidius clarifies, the presence of a certain degree of obscurity in a text does not necessarily put its veritative value at risk, just as the being true of a text does not automatically entail its being clearly expressed (non statim quae vere dicuntur aperte etiam manifesteque dicuntur). Unfortunately, to this ancient example of hermeneutics no extensive study has ever been devoted, as Professor Franco Ferrari has often pointed out. So, my objective is to extensively scrutinise the general classification of obscuritates provided by Calcidius and then to relate it to the Middle Platonic strategies aimed at neutralising Plato’s obscuritas.
Automenciones del médico en las Epidemias hipocráticas
Authors: Esteban Santos Alicia
Published: November 2023

Se examina en Epidemias la presencia de la 1.ª persona; es decir, las referencias a sí mismo del médico, autor del tratado correspondiente. Se expondrán los datos distinguiendo entre los tres grupos de libros (Epidemias I/III, II/IV/VI y V/VII), y, dentro de cada uno, entre los diferentes subgrupos. También, entre las historias clínicas y los pasajes generales. Se organizará la información según tres criterios: cantidad, contenido y forma. En el primero se dará la relación completa de todas las referencias a sí mismo del médico y se harán notar las diferencias de frecuencia de aparición del “yo”. En el segundo criterio se examinarán los significados más reiterados y sus vocablos correspondientes, de modo que se observa sobre todo que el médico siempre se muestra cauteloso y expresa dudas e hipótesis más que certezas. En el tercero se analizarán las construcciones sintácticas. Se corrobora lo comprobado en otros trabajos: fundamentalmente, la distancia de Epid. I/III con respecto a los otros dos grupos de libros y las diferencias notables dentro del propio grupo entre Epid. I y una segunda parte de Epid. III (lo que he denominado “α” y “β”).
Presencia de Galeno en dos obras del escritor renacentista Antonio de Torquemada: Coloquios satíricos y Jardín de flores
Authors: López Férez Juan Antonio
Published: November 2023

Este trabajo consiste en una lectura atenta de dos obras de Antonio de Torquemada (Coloquios satíricos y  Jardín de flores), pues ha buscado en ellas cualquier cita o referencia respecto a Galeno, uno de los médicos más importantes de la literatura griega. El lector comprobará que no faltan ocasiones en que no se encuentra  en el autor griego alguna mención señalada por el escritor leonés. Torquemada, como preceptor de un hijo del Conde de Benavente y, asimismo, Secretario de dicho noble, tuvo a su alcance la bien dotada Biblioteca del mencionado, donde pudo leer desde Leyes y Medicina hasta Farmacología y Sagrada Escritura. No obstante, Torquemada también recurrió con frecuencia a la erudición de segunda mano, echando mano de repertorios variados y polianteas, al modo habitual entre los humanistas de la época.
Justifying the selection of a neural network linguistic classifier
Authors: Barkovska Olessia , Voropaieva Kseniia , Ruskikh Oleksandr
Published: November 2023

The subject matter of this article revolves around the exploration of neural network architectures to enhance the accuracy of text classification, particularly within the realm of natural language processing. The significance of text classification has grown notably in recent years due to its pivotal role in various applications like sentiment analysis, content filtering, and information categorization. Given the escalating demand for precision and efficiency in text classification methods, the evaluation and comparison of diverse neural network models become imperative to determine optimal strategies. The goal of this study is to address the challenges and opportunities inherent in text classification while shedding light on the comparative performance of two well-established neural network architectures: Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). To achieve the goal, the following tasks were solved: a comprehensive analysis of these neural network models was performed, considering several key aspects. These aspects include classification accuracy, training and prediction time, model size, data distribution, and overall ease of use. By systematically assessing these attributes, this study aims to provide valuable information about the strengths and weaknesses of each model and enable researchers and practitioners to make informed decisions when selecting a neural network classifier for text classification tasks. The following methods used are a comprehensive analysis of neural network models, assessment of classification accuracy, training and prediction time, model size, and data distribution. The following results were obtained: The LSTM model demonstrated superior classification accuracy across all three training sample sizes when compared to CNN. This highlights LSTM's ability to effectively adapt to diverse data types and consistently maintain high accuracy, even with substantial data volumes. Furthermore, the study revealed that computing power significantly influences model performance, emphasizing the need to consider available resources when selecting a model. Conclusions. Based on the study's findings, the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model emerged as the preferred choice for text data classification. Its adeptness in handling sequential data, recognizing long-term dependencies, and consistently delivering high accuracy positions it as a robust solution for text analysis across various domains. The decision is supported by the model's swift training and prediction speed and its compact size, making it a suitable candidate for practical implementation.
The method of reuse of knowledge in the form of logical equations
Authors: Karataiev Oleksandr , Sytnikov Dmytro
Published: November 2023

The subject of research is the processes of building and replenishing knowledge bases, the processes of knowledge reuse and the creation of software systems based on knowledge bases, the interpretation of knowledge is one of the approaches to their repeated application, which consists in deriving new knowledge based on the available facts in the knowledge base. The purpose of the research is to develop a method of knowledge reuse by solving logical equations of finite predicates for a certain subject area. The tasks were performed: to investigate descriptive approaches to logical modeling of the subject area, which make it possible to reuse the knowledge given by the system of logical equations within the algebra of finite predicates, to develop a method of replenishing the knowledge base in the form of predicate equations by extracting variables from logical systems, where equations represent complex logical connections between discrete features of objects or processes. The methods were used to solve the listed problems: the algebra of finite predicates, quantifier operations with predicates for the interpretation of knowledge. The results were obtained: descriptive methods of knowledge reuse were considered; a method of replenishing the knowledge base in the form of logical equations is proposed simplify the further use of implicit connections between discrete features; an example of replenishment of the knowledge base of the medical field is considered, which makes it possible to reuse knowledge given implicitly. Conclusions: the proposed method makes it possible to replenish the knowledge base in the form of logic equations by adding predicate equations connecting separate sets of discrete variables that are of interest to a scientist or a practitioner. The method of replenishing the knowledge base is based on adding new simplified equations; simplified predicate equations model logical patterns implicitly contained in the main knowledge base; an experimental study was conducted
Data structures for deductive simulation of HDL conditional operators
Authors: Shkil Oleksandr , Miroshnyk Maryna , Rakhlis Dariia , Trifanov Oleh
Published: November 2023

The subject of research in the article is qubit-vector models for combinational circuits’ description and procedures for faults deductive simulation based on these models. The object of research is the processes of diagnostic support creation for digital systems based on the usage of vector qubit data. The purpose of the work is to increase the speed and quality of diagnostic support creation for digital devices by creating optimal data structures and deductive fault simulation procedures based on structural-functional models of combinational circuits. The following tasks are solved in the article: analysis of concurrent and sequential conditional operators of hardware description languages and schematic structures into which they are synthesized; development of the procedure for the truth tables (Q-vectors) formation for schematic structures presented by HDL; development of an universal data structure for cubic and analytical deductive faults simulation; vector models improvement of qubit representation of structures and components of digital systems based on address coding of input signals to increase the manufacturability and speed of faults simulation;  development of the procedure for obtaining Boolean derivatives by permuting the lines of the truth tables (Q-vectors) and using the XOR operation; development of a data structure for deductive fault simulation based on the cubic representation of digital circuit components. The following methods are used: deductive, cubic, deductive-parallel simulation of faults, faults simulation by deductive Q-vectors. The following results were obtained: the equivalence of concurrent and sequential conditional operators, as well as their schematic implementation in the form of multiplexers, was shown; method of obtaining truth tables of the synthesized circuit structure using TestBench (Xilinx ISE) was proposed; different technologies and data structures of deductive fault simulation for tabular, analytical and qubit methods of digital circuits description were considered; the software implementation of faults cubic deductive simulation is considered and the equivalence of the obtained results for the multiplexers circuits (MUX 2-in-1 and MUX 4-in-1) using the DCP software product was demonstrated. Conclusions: a new Q-method of interpretative faults simulation of digital circuit is proposed, which is characterized by the usage of compact Q-vectors instead of truth tables, which makes it possible to significantly increase the analysis speed due to the addressable formation of the functional primitives outputs and reduce the volume of data structures, which practically makes the method competitive with compilative simulation technologies.
Feasibility analysis of implant movement along arc trajectory under non-contact control in magnetic stereotaxic system
Authors: Hunkun Jiao , Avrunin Oleg
Published: November 2023

In this paper, the non-contact control of magnetic implants by changing the external magnetic field in the magnetic stereotaxic system is introduced, and the feasibility of making them move along the arc trajectory is analyzed. Through COMSOL software, the process of moving the miniature magnetic implant along the arc trajectory was simulated, the change of the micro-magnetic implant trajectory after the external magnetic field was changed, the relative position relationship between the large permanent magnets was determined, and the mechanical analysis of the miniature magnetic implant moving along the arc trajectory was carried out. In this experiment, we fix a large permanent magnet, only move the second permanent magnet, first, observe the process of small permanent magnets moving along a straight trajectory, determine the position of the large permanent magnet magnetic field when it contacts the small permanent magnet, and then, analyze the force of the small permanent magnet through the force calculation module, and determine the relative position relationship between the two large permanent magnets by comparing  and , and when the small permanent magnet will start to move along the arc trajectory. Then, according to the previous data, we move two adjacent large permanent magnets at the same time at a certain interval, record the movement trajectory of the small magnet, Finally, with the force calculation module of the COMSOL software, force analysis of small permanent magnets moving along arc trajectories. The data from this experiment will be used to determine the relative position relationship between two large permanent magnets adjacent to each other during the actual experiment, and under what conditions the small permanent magnets will move along the arc trajectory. The purpose of this experiment is to provide theoretical and data support for the subsequent practical experiments of the magnetic stereotactic system, and all parameters in the COMSOL software are derived from the actual measurement data, so as to improve the reliability of the simulation results.
Russian music art of the early 20th century: Devaluation
Authors: Demchenko Aleksandr Ivanovich
Published: November 2023

This essay is dedicated to the complexity of the position of the classical concept of humanism and harmony at the beginning of the 20th century, marked by its obvious displacement from the forefront of artistic processes and its opposition to tendencies associated with various "non-classical" manifestations. The unfolding events not only vividly symbolized the passing civilization but also foreshadowed the entry into a zone of colossal conflict and tragic sense of the world. The author identifies typical antitheses presented in the musical art of the early 20th century at the level of individual compositions, the level of the work of specific composers, and at the level of musical art as a whole. As a result, the preconditions for the emergence of dissonance are determined, including the antithesis of "objective – subjective," sometimes pushed to the brink of "objectivism – subjectivism."
Resource potential of psychological and pedagogical support in ensuring education personalization for children of early and preschool age with disabilities
Authors: Osipova Larisa Borisovna , Druzhinina Liliya Alexandrovna , Lapshina Lyubov Mikhailovna , Korobintseva Maria Sergeevna
Published: November 2023

The paper aims to determine the resource field of psychological and pedagogical support for children of early and preschool age with disabilities in the context of education personalization. The work deals with modern interpretations of the notion of psychological and pedagogical support. Ensuring education personalization for children of this category by means of psychological and pedagogical support is considered as a relevant socio-cultural pattern. The authors shed light on the essence of psychological and pedagogical support for children of early and preschool age with disabilities, identify and characterize the components of its resource field in the context of education personalization for children with disabilities. The scientific novelty of the study lies in presenting the pedagogical potential of the resource field of psychological and pedagogical support that ensures education personalization for children of early and preschool age with disabilities on the basis of the identified components of the resource field. As a result of the study, the essence of psychological and pedagogical support for children of early and preschool age with disabilities in the context of education personalization is clarified, it is shown that the competent use of psychological and pedagogical support resources in ensuring education personalization will contribute to the maximum possible normalization of the psychophysical and personal development of children of this category, the formation and self-realization of their personal and compensatory potential.
The English-language linguocultural scenario “Legal systems”: The structural and semantic characteristics of linguistic units
Authors: Belyakova Ol’ga Vladimirovna , Shchukina Galina Olegovna
Published: November 2023

The aim of the study is to identify the structural and semantic features of linguistic units that serve as means of linguistic expression of the English-language linguocultural scenario “Legal systems”. The paper sheds light on the “linguocultural scenario” notion, provides a detailed description of the frame structure of the scenario by identifying the reference concepts and sub-concepts. The authors concentrate on the structural and semantic characteristics of linguistic units. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the English-language linguocultural scenario of the thematic area “Legal systems” is described as a cognitive scheme of a speech situation, while the application of a comprehensive cognitive-cultural approach to extensive linguistic material allows the researchers to identify the features of the structure and semantics of linguistic units. As a result of the analysis, it has been found that structurally separable linguistic units, more accurately characterizing phenomena and objects, are the most common in the analyzed scenario. Affixed nouns and nouns with heterogeneous composition, one-word verbs characterizing actions within the legal system predominate among structurally inseparable linguistic units. Among structurally separable nominators, the predominance of two-component nominal phrases with the noun serving as a basic component and two-word verbal phrases has been noted.
Methods and pathophysiology of rewarming in case of local cold injury. Literature review
Authors: Kravets O. V. , Yekhalov V. V. , Gorbuntsov V. V. , Stanin D. M. , Krishtafor D. A.
Published: November 2023

Nowadays, rewarming of the affected tissues is the primary method of treatment for patients with cold injuries. But the warming manipulation has its own characteristics and limitations, depending on specific circumstances. Untimely and incorrectly performed rewarming can lead to a significant increase in the level of dangerous complications, mortality, and disability. The rewarming strategy is implemented according to one of the two scenarios. If there is a risk of freezing again, the injured area is not actively rewarmed; it is just immobilized, and thermo‑insulating bandages are applied. Slow warming with body heat is also acceptable. If the frozen area can be warmed and kept warm without refreezing until the evacuation is completed, a quick warming with warm water or special heating blankets is preferable. Recommendations on the ideal water temperature significantly differ among authors and include a wide range between 37 °C and 43 °C.
The extent of damage to the tissues becomes obvious only after thawing. The traditional classification system of local cold injuries distinguishes four degrees of frostbite. First‑degree frostbite presents with superficial damage to the skin; second‑degree frostbite involves deep skin damage; third‑degree frostbite results in full‑thickness skin damage, including the subcutaneous and surrounding tissues; and fourth‑degree frostbite causes deep necrosis of the subcutaneous structures. Depending on the extent of damage, patients may experience constant and severe pain during rewarming, so analgesics should be prescribed to relieve it. It is recommended to use topical agents (creams, gels, and ointments) to improve circulation and prevent and treat infection. Tissue necrosis with severe frostbite requires surgical treatment of wounds.
The authors hope that the provided information will be useful to doctors‑of‑first‑ contact and in hospital conditions in order to optimize the treatment of local cold injuries.
Symbiofauna of the Yakut breed of horses depending on breeding conditions
Authors: Fedorov V. , Sleptsov E. , Machakhtyrov G. , Machakhtyrova V. , Andreyeva M. , Shadrina Ya. , Alferov I.
Published: November 2023

Purpose: Study of the fauna of endobiontic infusoria according to the types of the Yakut breed of herd horses.

Materials and methods. There were studied infusorian fauna of the intestines of the Yansky type horses of the Yakut breed from the Abyisky region (Arctic zone) and horses of the indigenous type from the Amginsky region and the suburbs of Yakutsk (the central zone). The material was collected during the mass slaughter of horses in November-December 2022, directly from the large intestine. The time interval after the slaughter of the horse before sampling was no more than 20-25 minutes. Samples were fixed with 10% formalin solution. The identification of species was carried out according to the guides of Strelkov A. A., 1939 [1] and Kornilova O. A. [2, 3]. Comparison of the species composition of endobiont infusoria of the cattle fauna of the studied breeds was carried out according to the Jacquard-Malyshev similarity coefficient (Kj-m) and the Czekanowski-Sjørensen fauna commonality index (Ics).

Results. There has been determined species composition of endobiont infusoria of the Yansky and indigenous type of the Yakut herd horse breed, bred in areas that differ in geographical location in the Arctic and central zones of Yakutia. A total of 15 species of infusoria have been identified. The percentage of occurrence by species ranged from 2,63 % to 13,2 %. The most frequently encountered species were Cycloposthium edentatum, Holophryoides macrotricha, Bundleia elongata, while Cycloposthium dentiferum, Spirodinium confusum, Cycloposthium ponomarevi and Allantosoma intestinale were rare.
Application of the BLUP Animal Model method in assessing the breeding value of the breeding stock of Ayrshire cattle
Authors: Petrova A. , Romanova E. , Vasileva E.
Published: November 2023

The aim of the study is to assess the breeding value of the breeding stock of Ayrshire cattle from 13 breeding farms in various regions of the Russian Federation using the BLUP Animal Model method.

Materials and methods. The analyzed sample included data on 14,450 cows with a first calving date of 1987 – 2021, which were analyzed for identification errors and discrepancies in the dates of birth of parents and offspring. The forecast of the breeding value of cows based on milk productivity traits for 1 lactation was made using the best linear unbiased forecast method BLUP Animal Model using the RStudio program.

Results. The dynamics of milk yield EBV values during the studied time period with different numbers of first calving cows was studied. EBV estimates varied not only depending on the level of absolute milk yield of first-calving cows, but also under the influence of factors such as reproduction, the number of herds being assessed, as well as management, by which herds differed.

Conclusion. The assessment of breeding value using the BLUP AM method made it possible to reliably evaluate the studied array of animals of the Ayrshire breed breeding stock on farms in the Russian Federation. The best and worst producers in terms of milk yield were identified, taking into account the effects of various factors.
Factors determining sperm fertility
Authors: Maksimova M. , Korochkina E.
Published: November 2023

The purpose of the work is to to systematize scientific data on factors affecting sperm fertility. Sperm fertility is the ability of a sexually mature organism to reproduce offspring. It is determined by parameters such as sperm motility and the quantity of normal and pathological sperm forms in the ejaculate. The fertility of male producers is acquired in stages: spermatogenesis occurs at the beginning, then the spermatozoa mature in the epididymis. The epididymis plays a significant role in making sperm fertile. Maturation occurs due to a complex of substances produced by the epididymis, and the full maturation of spermatozoa occurs in the genital tract of the female. Thus, fructose, produced by the vesicular glands, affects the fertility of animals. Another substance found in seminal plasma is citric acid, which takes part in the acrosomal reaction. Fertility is influenced by such factors as: the age of the animal, breed, the health of the male's reproductive system, heat stress and others. For instance, as animals age, the number of pathological sperm forms increases in the ejaculate, and their motility decreases. The same happens in cases of inflammatory diseases of the male reproductive system. Changes in the qualitative characteristics of sperm were recorded among Simmental and red breeds, as well as Holstein-Frisian and Jersey breeds. Prolonged or severe heat stress can also have a negative impact on fertility, despite the presence of compensatory mechanisms. These mechanisms are maintained by the presence of sweat glands in the scrotum, which are innervated by sympathetic nerves, as well as a reflex arc between the scrotum and the respiratory center. When the scrotum's temperature rises, respiratory rate increases, facilitating cooling. Furthermore, sperm activity can vary depending on the season. In animals with seasonal reproductive activity, sperm fertility parameters are better during the breeding season.

In summary, sperm fertility is a multifactorial process, the success of which is mainly due to the health of the male reproductive system and the presence of many compensatory and adaptive mechanisms.
Comparative characteristics of protocols for cryopreservation of ram semen
Authors: Pushkina V. , Korochkina E.
Published: November 2023

Purpose: study and comparison of protocols for cryopreservation of sperm of stud rams.

Every day the popularity of sheep farming in Russia is increasing, since sheep are unpretentious in maintenance and at the same time they are multiproduct animals, providing the population with the necessary raw materials (wool, felt) and food products (meat, milk). For this reason, artificial insemination is of fundamental importance in the development of this branch of livestock farming, an important part of which is the correct cryopreservation of ram sperm. There are quite a few advantages of using cryopreserved sperm. Cryopreservation of sheep sperm contributes to the spread of the use of artificial insemination in this branch of the livestock industry. Freezing technology largely ensures the preservation of genetic material and its transportation, eliminating geographical barriers in the use of artificial insemination, and allows increasing the load on the ram sire without risk to his reproductive health. However, during the process of cryopreservation, sheep sperm receives irreversible damage due to cold shock, osmotic stress and oxidative processes, which lead to a decrease in the ability to fertilize sperm. Thus, chromatin may be damaged, membrane permeability increased, hyperoxidation and the formation of reactive oxygen species are possible, which affects the ability to fertilize. As a result, frozen ram semen may have low fertility. For this reason, it is extremely important to select an up-to-date freezing and thawing protocol with maximum recovery of viable and functional sperm of a given animal species for successful further use in artificial insemination. Technological advances in various fields of biotechnology have led to improvements in protocols, methods and equipment used in the laboratory, which have a positive impact on the reliability, accuracy of the procedure. This article summarizes research on the effects of different cryopreservation procedures, cooling rates, cooling times and thawing protocols on ram semen quality. In addition, a correct protocol for cryopreservation of Romanov breed sperm was formed, based on the results of our own research.
Heart Failure: Is There an Ideal Biomarker?
Authors: Clemente Giuseppe , Soldano John Sebastian , Tuttolomondo Antonino
Published: November 2023

An always-rising prevalence of heart failure (HF), formerly classified as an emerging epidemic in 1997 and still representing a serious problem of public health, imposes on us to examine more in-depth the pathophysiological mechanisms it is based on. Over the last few years, several biomarkers have been chosen and used in the management of patients affected by HF. The research about biomarkers has broadened our knowledge by identifying some underlying pathophysiological mechanisms occurring in patients with both acute and chronic HF. This review aims to provide an overview of the role of biomarkers previously identified as responsible for the pathophysiological mechanisms subtending the disease and other emerging ones to conduct the treatment and identify possible prognostic implications that may allow the optimization of the therapy and/or influence a closer follow-up. Taking the high prevalence of HF-associated comorbidities into account, an integrated approach using various biomarkers has shown promising results in predicting mortality, a preferable risk stratification, and the decrease of rehospitalizations, reducing health care costs as well.
Clinical Outcomes of Left Bundle Branch Area Pacing Compared with Biventricular Pacing in Patients with Heart Failure Requiring Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Leventopoulos Georgios , Travlos Christoforos K. , Anagnostopoulou Virginia , Patrinos Panagiotis , Papageorgiou Angeliki , Perperis Angelos , Gale Chris P. , Gatzoulis Konstantinos Α. , Davlouros Periklis
Published: November 2023

Background: Biventricular pacing (BVP) is recommended for patients with heart failure (HF) who require cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) is a novel pacing strategy that appears to ensure better electrical and mechanical synchrony in these patients. Our aim was to systematically review and meta-analyze the existing evidence regarding the clinical outcomes of LBBAP-CRT compared with BVP-CRT. Methods: Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Web of Science databases were searched for studies comparing LBBAP-CRT with BVP-CRT. Outcomes were all-cause mortality, heart failure hospitalizations (HFH) and New York Heart Association (NYHA) class improvement. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies with participants that had left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤40% and (i) symptomatic HF or (ii) expected ventricular pacing >40%. Random and fixed effects models pairwise meta-analysis was conducted. Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 assessment tool (ROB 2.0) and the Newcastle–Ottawa scale (NOS) were used to assess the quality of the studies. Results: Eleven studies (10 observational studies and 1 RCT) with 3141 patients were included in the analysis. Compared with BVP-CRT, LBBAP-CRT was associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality (risk ratio (RR): 0.71, 95% CI: 0.57 to 0.87; p = 0.001), lower risk of HFH (RR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.71; p < 0.00001) and more improvement in NYHA class (weighed mean difference (WMD): –0.36, 95% CI: –0.59 to –0.13; p < 0.00001) compared with patients who received BVP-CRT. Conclusions: Compared with BVP-CRT, receipt of LBBAP-CRT in patients with HF is associated with a lower risk of mortality, and HFH and greater improvement in NHYA class.
Fibrinogen-to-Albumin Ratio and Long-Term Mortality in Coronary Artery Disease Patients with Different Glucose Metabolism Status
Authors: Xie Yun , Xu Xiayan , Wang Dongmei , Zhou Yang , Kang Yu , Lai Wenguang , Lu Hongyu , Liu Jin , Chen Shiqun , Xu Junyan , Yan Xiaoming , Huang Xiaoyu , Liu Yong
Published: November 2023

Background: Abnormal glucose metabolism is present in most patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Inflammation is considered to be a common risk factor for CAD and diabetes. Fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio (FAR), a novel inflammation biomarker, has been proposed as a predictor for cardiovascular disease. However, the relationship between the level of FAR and long-term mortality including all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality, remains unknown in CAD patients, especially those with prediabetes. Methods: We enrolled 66,761 CAD patients from 2007 to 2020 from a multi-center registry cohort study. The primary outcomes were the all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality. FAR was calculated using the following formula: Fibrinogen (g/L)/Albumin (g/L). Patients were divided into three groups by FAR tertile (low FAR (FAR-L), median FAR (FAR-M), high FAR (FAR-H)), and further categorized into 9 groups according to FAR and glucose metabolism status (normal glucose regulation (NGR), prediabetes mellitus (PreDM), diabetes mellitus (DM)). Cox regression models and competing risk models were used to examine the relationships between FAR and clinical outcomes. Results: 66,761 patients (63.1 ± 11.0 years, 75.3% male) were enrolled. During the follow-up, 10,534 patients died, including 4991 cardiovascular deaths and 1092 cancer deaths. After adjusting for confounders, higher FAR was associated with increased risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in CAD patients with NGR, PreDM and DM. The risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality was highest in FAR-H with DM (HR (95% CI) = 1.71 (1.58–1.86), 2.11 (1.86–2.38), respectively; p < 0.001). FAR-H with PreDM was significantly associated with the highest risk of cancer mortality (HR (95% CI) = 2.27 (1.70–3.02), p < 0.001). Adding FAR to the original model significantly improved the prediction of long-term mortality. Conclusions: Increased FAR was significantly associated with higher risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in CAD patients with NGR, PreDM and DM. Abnormal glucose metabolism augments the relationship between FAR and mortality. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05050877.
Expanding the Frontiers of Schistosomiasis Treatment: The Promise of Nanoparticle Based Therapies
Authors: Raghavan Ramya
Published: November 2023

Schistosomiasis is one of the most neglected parasitic diseases in the world. The new neglected tropical diseases road map 2021–2030, adopted by the World Health Assembly, set global goals for the elimination of schistosomiasis. The current treatment options like praziquantel for schistosomiasis are limited. This review on nanoparticle-based treatments for schistosomiasis explores various upcoming technologies. Nanoparticle-based treatments and vaccines have emerged as a promising approach to overcome praziquantel therapeutic limitations by providing targeted and sustained delivery of drugs. Using the literature databases, the search was performed using the syntax Schistosoma, praziquantel, and schistosomiasis. nanoparticles, published between 2010- 2023. The bibliometric analysis showed that there has been a decline in the number of research reports and clinical trials in recent years. With increased funding and collaboration, this technology can be used to develop safe, effective, and affordable treatments that can save millions of lives. Our discussion wants to raise awareness and advocate for increased support for nanoparticle-based research and development for this neglected tropical disease.
Perbandingan Laju Pengomposan Limbah Rumah Tangga Menjadi Pupuk Kompos menggunakan EM4 dan MOL
Authors: yanti widya
Published: November 2023

Limbah adalah hasil sisa aktivitas masyarakat yang dibuang yang dihasilkan dari suatu produksi baik itu produksi industri maupun domestik (limbah rumah tangga). Berdasarkan sifat kimia limbah terdiri dari dua yaitu limbah organik dan limbah anorganik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan laju pengomposan limbah rumah tangga menjadi pupuk kompos yang menggunakan MOL dan EM4. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode Berkeley Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah laju pengomposan limbah rumah tangga yang menggunakan MOL (Microorganisme local) lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan EM4 hal tersebut dikarenakan kandungan Mikroorganisme yang terkandung dalam MOL lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan EM4 sehingga MOL lebih cepat dalam Mengurai limbah rumah tangga. Laju pengomposan yang dibutuhkan oleh limbah rumah tangga yang menggunakan MOL adalah 10-13 hari, sedangkan laju pengomposan yang menggunakan EM4 adalah 13-15 hari
A Perspective Towards Using Aggregated Data in Research
Authors: Bahrami Mohsen
Published: November 2023

With the advent of big data and advancements in computational power, there has been a longstanding debate among researchers in the field of behavioural analytics regarding the superiority of individual-level datasets over aggregated data. This article delves into the advantages of utilizing aggregated data, with a specific focus on privacy protection, utility in analysing collective behaviour, and enhancing data sharing and reproducibility. Aggregating data offers a practical solution for safeguarding privacy by enabling the implementation of anonymization techniques that effectively mitigate privacy risks. By examining data at aggregated geographic levels, researchers can extract valuable insights into collective behaviour and customer trends, empowering businesses to make informed decisions that cater to a larger customer base. Furthermore, aggregated privacy-safe datasets facilitate data sharing and enhance reproducibility, overcoming the challenges associated with sharing individual-level data. Researchers can now share their findings while preserving privacy and ensuring the replicability of results, thereby making significant contributions to scientific knowledge and upholding the integrity of research. In summary, aggregated data strikes a balance between data accessibility and privacy preservation, providing valuable insights and fostering responsible research practices.
A review of the neurobiology of syntax
Authors: Yeaton Jeremy
Published: November 2023

The literature regarding the neural basis of syntax is a varied landscape of mutually incompatible descriptions of how and where hierarchical structure is generated and processed. In this work, I first lay out the predominant neurobiological models of syntax, followed by a tour of the evidence for and against brain regions argued to be implicated in the process. I close by discussing the compatibility of the theoretical models with the empirical data.
The Dynamic Relationship Between Well-Being and Related Processes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Large-Scale Intensive Longitudinal Network Study of the General Adult Population
Authors: Ebling Sara , Johnson Sverre Urnes , Hoffart Asle , Pallesen Ståle , Ebrahimi Omid V.
Published: November 2023

The behavioral restrictions and changes disrupting daily life related to the COVID-19 pandemic were theorized to affect well-being. To understand how processes related to fluctuation in well-being unfold within individuals, analyses on the within-person level are required. In this preregistered intensive longitudinal study, 1709 individuals from the general Norwegian adult population provided data daily for 40 consecutive days during the pandemic. The responses were modeled in a multilevel vector autoregressive model (mlVAR) to estimate within-person networks across and within-day, and a between-person network. All three networks revealed productivity, relatedness, and optimism as positively associated, with negative associations with worry and feeling anxious. Social distancing was contemporaneously negatively associated with productivity and relatedness. Among behavioral factors, being physically active predicted lower relatedness across days, but displayed positive associations with relatedness, productivity, and optimism contemporaneously. Alcohol consumption predicted lower productivity across days, although revealing a positive association with productivity and optimism within-day. Being social online and relatedness displayed a negative reinforcing cycle in the temporal network. In contrast, being social online was positively associated with optimism, productivity, and relatedness contemporaneously. The findings suggest that well-being is a positively reinforcing cycle, negatively related to anxiety processes. The study shed light on opposing associations of behavioral factors related to well-being at the within- and between-person level.
Towards a causal model of curiosity and creativity
Authors: Grüning David Joachim , Krueger Joachim Israel
Published: November 2023

We extend Ivancovsky et al.'s finding on the association between curiosity and creativity by proposing a sequential causal model assuming that [a] curiosity determines the motivation to seek information and that [b] creativity constitutes a capacity to act on that motivation. This framework assumes that both high levels of curiosity and creativity are necessary for information-seeking behavior.