bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Smoking Behavior of Health Workers in Asia: A Literature Review
Authors: Rahman Arif , Huriah Titih
Published: August 2021

Health workers are role models in preventing smoking behavior, yet many are smokers themselves. This study reviews and analyzes the smoking behavior of health workers in Asian countries, based on databases such as PubMed, EBSCO, and Google Scholar in 2013–2018. It is shown that the prevalence of smoking amongst health workers was 4.6–44%, with the nursing profession showing a higher level than other health professions and with a higher ratio of male to female smokers. Health workers are aware of the dangers of smoking, including the effects of cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, oral cancer, atherosclerosis, hypertension, fetal disorders, and infertility. However, the factors that lead to smoking include stress, the influence of friends or family who smoke, and addiction. Health workers are responsible for providing smoking prevention education. However, there are still obstacles to its implementation due to their smoking habits and lack of expertise in educating others. Smoking prohibition policies in the workplace, the training of health workers, and smoking prevention service facilities need to be considered by Asian countries to prevent smoking. Abstrak Analisis Perilaku Merokok pada Petugas Kesehatan di Asia: Literatur Review. Petugas kesehatan merupakan role model dalam pencegahan perilaku merokok, akan tetapi masih banyak petugas kesehatan yang merokok. Studi ini meninjau dan menganalisis perilaku merokok petugas kesehatan di negara-negara Asia, bersumber pada basis data seperti PubMed, EBSCO, dan Google Scholar, tahun 2013–2018. Hasil studi menunjukkan perilaku merokok petugas kesehatan memiliki prevalensi sebesar 4,6–44% dengan profesi keperawatan menunjukkan tingkat yang lebih tinggi daripada profesi kesehatan lainnya, dan dengan rasio perokok laki-laki lebih tinggi dari perokok perempuan. Petugas kesehatan menyadari bahaya merokok dan dampak penyakitnya seperti penyakit kardiovaskuler, penyakit pernapasan, kanker mulut, aterosklerosis, hipertensi, gangguan janin, dan  kemandulan. Faktor yang memengaruhi merokok adalah stres, pengaruh teman atau keluarga yang merokok, dan kecanduan. Petugas kesehatan bertanggung jawab untuk mem-berikan pendidikan pencegahan merokok. Namun, masih terdapat kendala dalam pelaksanaannya karena kebiasaan pribadi merokok mereka dan kurangnya keahlian dalam mendidik orang lain. Kebijakan larangan merokok di tempat kerja, pelatihan tenaga kesehatan, dan fasilitas layanan pencegahan merokok perlu diperhatikan oleh negara-negara Asia untuk pencegahan perilaku merokok. Kata kunci: perilaku merokok, petugas kesehatan, role model
The Effectiveness of Spiritual Intervention in Overcoming Anxiety and Depression Problems in Gynecological Cancer Patients
Authors: Nasution Lina Anisa , Afiyanti Yati , Kurniawati Wiwit
Published: August 2021

Anxiety and depression are psychological distress that often occurs in gynecological cancer patients. However, there are few studies related to interventions to overcome these problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a spiritual intervention on anxiety and depression in such cancer patients. The research design was quasi-experimental, employing pretest and posttest on the intervention and the control groups. The total number of respondents was 108 patients, consisting of 54 in each group. The instrument used in the study was the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The spiritual intervention consisted of four sessions, namely an introduction and relaxation session, a control session, an identity session, and a relationship and prayer therapy session, held over two weeks. The data analysis showed a change in the mean score of anxiety and depression in the intervention group after the spiritual intervention (p = 0.001). Also, there were differences in the mean scores of anxiety and depression between the intervention and control groups (p = 0.001). The result implies that spiritual intervention can be applied as part of holistic nursing care for cancer patients, especially gynecological ones.Abstrak Efektifitas Intervensi Spiritual dalam Mengatasi Masalah Kecemasan dan Depresi pada Pasien Kanker Ginekologi. Kecemasan dan depresi merupakan gangguan psikologis yang sering terjadi pada pasien kanker ginekologi. Namun, penelitian terkait intervensi dalam mengatasi masalah tersebut belum banyak dilakukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh intervensi spiritual terhadap kecemasan dan depresi pada pasien kanker ginekologi. Desain penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimen menggunakan kelompok intervensi dan kontrol dengan pre-test dan post-test. Jumlah responden sebanyak 108 pasien yang terdiri dari 54 orang di setiap kelompok. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Intervensi spiritual terdiri dari empat sesi: sesi pengenalan dan relaksasi, sesi kontrol, sesi identitas, dan sesi terapi hubungan dan doa, yang diberikan selama dua minggu. Analisis data menunjukkan adanya perubahan rerata skor kecemasan dan depresi pada kelompok intervensi setelah diberikan intervensi spiritual (p = 0,001). Selain itu, terdapat perbedaan rerata skor kecemasan dan depresi antara kelompok intervensi dan kontrol (p = 0,001). Penelitian ini mengimplikasikan bahwa intervensi spiritual dapat diterapkan sebagai bagian dari asuhan keperawatan holistik pada pasien kanker, terutama yang ginekologi. Kata Kunci: depresi, intervensi spiritual, kanker, kecemasan
Determination of Archie’s Tortuosity Factor from Stoneley Waves in Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Khayer Keyvan , Shirazy Adel , Shirazi Aref , Ansari Abdolhamid , Nazerian Hamed , Hezarkhani Ardeshir
Published: August 2021

One of the fundamental equations in calculate the saturation of fluid in hydrocarbon reservoirs is the Archie’s equation. In addition to the parameters measured by well logging such as porosity and resistivity, there are others parameters that called Archie’s coefficients. Archie provides constant values for this coefficient base on experimental core’s data, accordance with saturation formula in sandstone. In carbonate reservoirs nevertheless the sandstone reservoirs, high heterogeneity, variety in lithology and texture, shape and distribution of pores, due to this coefficient is not constant. So, variation of tortuosity as a coefficient that depends on the way correlation between pores, is high and considering a constant value due to error in calculation of fluid saturation. In this study, with the stoneley waves measured from DSI tools and required calculation, the value of tortuosity coefficient calculated continuously in well no.10 Darkhovin field. The regression of calculated values with the core data is 83.16 percent, that showed this method is useable for calculation the tortuosity.
Bone Marrow Clot Section a Useful Tool for Diagnosis of Haematological Diseases- A Case Series
Authors: Garg Parul , Kaur Harjot , Tayal Ishwer , Hada Aradhana Singh
Published: August 2021

Bone marrow examination is required for diagnosis of various haematological disorders. It includes both neoplastic and non-neoplastic disorders. Usually, bone marrow examination includes Bone Marrow Aspiration (BMA), bone marrow biopsy and bone marrow imprints. Bone marrow clot sections can also be an adjuvant of bone marrow examination. The bone marrow clot sections are prepared from the left-over blood after aspirate smears have been prepared. An adequate bone marrow clot section can be valuable for diagnosis of various diseases, especially in cases in which the aspirate and core biopsy material are inadequate or non contributory or it can be an adjuvant procedure. Little has been published about usefulness of bone marrow clot section. Studies are going on to evaluate the role of bone marrow clot section as an adjuvant or a diagnostic tool. This study includes a series of three cases in which bone marrow clot section was diagnostic.
Effective Treatment for Primary Locally Aggressive Intermediate and Malignant Soft Tissue Tumors of the Breast
Authors: Parlakgumus Alper , Erdogan Osman , Tas Zeynel Abidin , Toyran Tugba , Turan Umit , Pekoz Burcak Cakır , Irkorucu Oktay
Published: August 2021

Objective

This study aimed to examine the rare locally aggressive intermediate tumors and malignant primary breast mesenchymal tumors in patients receiving surgical treatment.

Summary of background data

Locally aggressive intermediate tumors were subdivided into nonmetastasizing and rarely metastasizing, and the malignant group was subdivided as a single subgroup called able to metastasize. A retrospective examination of surgical notes and clinical charts was carried out reviewing gender, age, symptoms, duration of symptoms, tumor size, clinical presentation, radiation history, kind of surgery undergone, adjuvant radiotherapy, adjuvant chemotherapy, local recurrences, systemic metastases, and mortality.

Results

Mitotic index and Ki-67 were statistically different between locally aggressive and malignant groups (P < 0.001). One local recurrence occurred in only 1 patient diagnosed as dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans among all patients. None of the entities showed distant metastasis or mortality. In this result, clear margin of surgery in locally aggressive intermediate group and combination of surgery with radiation therapy in the malignant group was the most important determinant for the prospect of the patients with mean follow-up of 28 months.

Conclusion

The main treatment for localized mesenchymal breast tumors is surgery. When the disease is locally advanced or malignant with high mitotic index, radiotherapy with surgery is predominantly used. Targeted therapies are promising with the limited place of chemotherapy.
KEPERCAYAAN DAN SIKAP KONSUMEN TERHADAP MINAT PEMESANAN HOTEL DI TRAVELOKA
Authors: Minarto Amelia Helen , Felita Eugenia , Thio Sienny
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kepercayaan yang dilihat dari utility, trust, dan quality terhadap sikap dan minat melakukan pemesanan hotel di Traveloka. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menyebarkan kuesioner kepada 110 responden yang pernah melakukan pemesanan apapun pada Traveloka dan membaca ulasan online mengenai hotel di Traveloka dalam 2 tahun terakhir. Pengolahan data menggunakan Analisa multivariat dengan menggunakan teknik Structural Equation Modelling (SME) berbasis varian atau Partial Least Square (PLS). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa quality belief memberikan pengaruh langsung dan signifikan terhadap sikap dan minat pemesanan, dan sikap konsumen yang positif memberikan dampak yang signifikan terhadap minat pemesanan hotel. Sedangkan utility dan trust belief tidak menunjukkan pengaruh signifikan terhadap pembentukan sikap dan minat konsumen dalam melakukan pemesanan hotel di Traveloka.
PENGARUH BIG FIVE PERSONALITY TRAITS TERHADAP NIAT UNTUK MENGINAP DI GREEN HOTEL DI INDONESIA
Authors: Ganiadi Felicia Livia , Margianto Bella Jessica , Kristanti Monika
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh big five personality traits terhadap niat untuk menginap di green hotel di Indonesia. Big five personality traits merupakan teori yang paling sering digunakan dalam psikologi akademik. Penting untuk mengetahui ciri kepribadian seseorang karena mempengaruhi seseorang untuk memiliki niat untuk menginap yang kemudian mengambil tindakan untuk menginap. Data dikumpulkan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner online kepada 187 masyarakat Indonesia yang berusia 17 tahun keatas dan memahami istilah green hotel dan diolah menggunakan SEM. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa agreeableness dan conscientiousness mempunyai pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan, sedangkan extraversion, neuroticism, dan openness mempunyai pengaruh yang negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap niat untuk menginap di green hotel, serta agreeableness adalah yang paling dominan terhadap niat untuk menginap di green hotel di Indonesia.
PENGARUH DINING EXPERIENCE TERHADAP KEPUASAN KONSUMEN DAN REVISIT INTENTION DI RESTORAN KOREA DI SURABAYA PADA ERA NEW NORMAL
Authors: Mulyono Angela Virginia , Septiano Bryant , Aprilia Adriana
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh kualitas makanan, kualitas layanan, dan lingkungan fisik yang merupakan dimensi dari dining experience terhadap kepuasan konsumen dan revisit intention konsumen di restoran Korea di Surabaya pada era new normal. Kuesioner disebarkan terhadap 100 responden melalui metode pengambilan sampel purposive sampling. Analisa data menggunakan smart PLS yang pernah makan di restoran Korea di Surabaya (Juli 2020 - Oktober 2020). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas makanan, kualitas layanan dan lingkungan fisik berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan konsumen namun tidak signifikan terhadap revisit intention. Selain itu kepuasan konsumen juga berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap revisit intention.
PENGARUH LINGKUNGAN FISIK TERHADAP IMPRESI KONSUMEN PADA KEDAI KOPI KEKINIAN DI SURABAYA
Authors: Soepriyanto Hansen Jan , Christiana Michelle , Harianto Agung
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lingkungan fisik yang terdiri dari ambience, layout dan facility aesthetic terhadap impresi konsumen pada kedai kopi kekinian yang ada di Surabaya. Metode yang di gunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisa regresi linier berganda dengan total responden sebanyak 149. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan pada lingkungan fisik terhadap impresinya pada konsumen kedai kopi di Surabaya.
DAMPAK PENGHARGAAN TERHADAP KINERJA STAF PADA HOTEL BINTANG TIGA DI SURABAYA
Authors: Davita Betzy , Devina Betty , Iskandar Vido
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk melihat dampak penghargaan terhadap kinerja staf pada hotel bintang tiga di Surabaya. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif dan kausal yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan sebab akibat dari penghargaan dan kinerja staf. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 73 responden yang merupakan staf hotel bintang tiga di Surabaya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penghargaan moneter dan penghargaan non moneter yang diberikan pada hotel bintang 3 di Surabaya memiliki dampak yang positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja staf.
Review of the application of dual‐energy CT combined with radiomics in the diagnosis and analysis of lung cancer
Authors: Zhang Rongyu , Zheng Hao , Lin Jie , Wang Junna
Published: February 2025

Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. Early detection and precise treatment are of great significance to clinical decision‐making and patient prognosis. As an emerging imaging technology, dual‐energy computed tomography (DECT) has increasingly prominent advantages in multi‐parameter and quantitative analysis in assessing the benign and malignant, classification, and prognosis of lung cancer. Radiomics uses an automated high‐throughput method to extract a large number of quantitative features from medical images, quantify tumor heterogeneity, monitor tumor development and prognosis, and provide new ideas for the diagnosis and identification of lung cancer. This article will review the application progress of DECT post‐processing technology combined with radiomics in lung cancer diagnosis, identification, biomarker and gene prediction, and prognosis assessment.
Immune‐Infiltrated Cancer Spheroid Model with Vascular Recirculation Reveals Temporally Dependent and Tissue‐Specific Macrophage Recruitment
Authors: Zhang Feng , Jozani Kimia Asadi , Chakravarty Anushree , Lin Dawn , Hollinger Andrew , Rajasekar Shravanthi , Zhang Boyang
Published: February 2025

Immune cell infiltration in tumors has been reported to influence tumor progression and clinical outcomes. Considerable efforts have been made to understand interactions between tumors and the immune system. However, current models are either not comprehensive or limited to short‐term studies. Recognizing thedynamic and long‐term nature of tumor‐immune interactions, an immune‐infiltrated cancer spheroid model is developed by continuously perfusing and recirculating immune cells with gravity‐driven flow through a tubular blood vessel adjacent to a cancer spheroid. Fibroblasts and pericytes are embedded in the gel matrix to support endothelial cells and enhance the vascular barrier. With continuous monocyte recirculation, monocyte adhesion, transendothelium migration, differentiation, and macrophage recruitment into breast carcinoma and hepatoma spheroids is successfully demonstrated over a week. The macrophage recruitment process is temporally dependent and tissue‐specific, leading to the formation of cancer‐macrophage heterospheroids. Elevated secretion of granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF), which regulates monocyte recruitment and macrophage activation, is observed in the breast carcinoma model. Increased levels of Interleukin 6 (IL‐6) and Interleukin 8 (IL‐8) are detected, indicating a pro‐inflammatory environment associated with tumor progression and metastasis. This platform provides a valuable framework for investigating immune cell infiltration and differentiation within the tumor microenvironment, supporting the advancement of cancer immunotherapies.
Multifunctional Carbon Quantum Dots for Monitoring and Therapy of Bacterial Infected Wounds
Authors: Qi Wenxin , Liu Yihao , Dong Naijun , Li Mengting , Zhou Jianxin , Xie Yijun , Chang Qing , Luo Benxiang , Celia Christian , Wang Jiao , Zhao Robert Chunhua , Deng Xiaoyong
Published: February 2025

Bacterial infections in wounds and bacteremia present significant global health challenges, driving the urgent need for innovative alternatives to traditional antibiotics. Here, the development of PEI‐EDTA‐2Na carbon quantum dots (PECDs) synthesized via a hydrothermal method is reported. Synthesis conditions affect PECDs' antibacterial efficacy; those at 180 °C have optimal ‐NH2 functionalization for better adhesion and activity. PECDs are pH ‐ responsive, eradicating bacteria in weakly acidic conditions by disrupting DNA and proteins. Following the resolution of infection, PECDs adapt to neutral and alkaline environments, where they scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduce inflammation, promote macrophage polarization, and accelerate wound healing. Furthermore, PECDs significantly improve survival in bacteremia models. Their intrinsic fluorescence enables real‐time pH monitoring of wounds, offering a non‐invasive diagnostic tool. Genomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal that PECDs disrupt bacterial metabolism and resistance pathways, while simultaneously supporting antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory responses during tissue repair. This dual functionality—combining therapeutic efficacy in wound healing with antimicrobial and anti‐inflammatory properties in bacteremia—positions PECDs as a versatile platform for smart wound management and an emerging candidate for advanced biomedical applications.
Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation Boosted by Surface Hydroxyls‐Modulated Hydrogen Migration over Nonreducible Oxides
Authors: Xu Shi‐Lin , Wang Wei , Li Hao‐Tong , Gao Yu‐Xiang , Min Yuan , Liu Peigen , Zheng Xusheng , Liu Dong‐Feng , Chen Jie‐Jie , Yu Han‐Qing , Zhou Xiao , Wu Yuen
Published: February 2025

The migration of atomic hydrogen species over heterogeneous catalysts is deemed essential for hydrogenation reactions, a process closely related to the catalyst's functionalities. While surface hydroxyls‐assisted hydrogen spillover is well documented on reducible oxide supports, its effect on widely‐used nonreducible supports, especially in electrocatalytic reactions with water as the hydrogen source, remains a subject of debate. Herein, a nonreducible oxide‐anchored copper single‐atom catalyst (Cu1/SiO2) is designed and uncover that the surface hydroxyls on SiO2 can serve as efficient transport channels for hydrogen spillover, thereby enhancing the activated hydrogen coverage on the catalyst and favoring the hydrogenation reaction. Using electrocatalytic dechlorination as a model reaction, the Cu1/SiO2 catalyst delivers hydrodechlorination activity 42 times greater than that of commercial Pd/C. An integrated experimental and theoretical investigation elucidates that surface hydroxyls facilitate the spillover of hydrogen intermediates formed at the Cu sites, boosting the coverage of active hydrogen on the surface of the Cu1/SiO2. This work demonstrates the feasibility of surface hydroxyls acting as transport channels for hydrogen‐species to boost hydrogen spillover on nonreducible oxide supports and paves the way for designing advanced selective hydrogenation electrocatalysts.
A Green and Efficient Recycling Strategy for Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries in Neutral Solution Environment
Authors: Xu Zhilong , Ye Long , Yu Yun , Gong Haiqiang , Xiao Zhiming , Ming Lei , Zhang Bao , Yao Zhen , Wang Jiexi , Ou Xing
Published: February 2025

Traditional acid or/and ammonia leaching techniques are usually applied to extract valuable metals during hydrometallurgical recovery of spent lithium‐ion batteries. However, the excessive and repeated use of acids and bases inevitably increases the environmental burden and safety threats. Herein, considering the advantages of neutral pH solution system in terms of safety and environmental protection, neutral leaching has been pioneeringly proposed to achieve a low‐cost and harmless hydrometallurgical process. Specifically, benefited from the ligand complexation reaction of glycine, the valuable metals can be efficiently leached within neutral environment. More importantly, a strategy of solid‐solid reduction with primary batteries effect is employed to achieve an efficient neutral leaching within rapid time, breaking through the reaction limitation of shrinking core model. As anticipated, an efficient leaching of 99.99% Li, 96.86% Ni, 92.35% Co, and 90.59% Mn could be achieved within 15 minutes, which has extended applications for various kinds of layered cathodes. Therefore, it is sturdily confirmed that the intractable problem, the effective extraction is available only under the aggressive acid/alkali‐ion conditions, is well‐solved within a wild leaching atmosphere.  This green and efficient strategy in neutral solution environment opens a new pathway to realize the large‐scale pollution‐free recycling of spent batteries.
Rheology as a Tool to Investigate Anti‐Nucleation in Semicrystalline Polymers
Authors: Tov Orel Shem , Bacharuzi Noy , Dotan Ana L. , Lewitus Dan Y.
Published: February 2025

In semicrystalline polymers, the crystallization process plays a vital role in determining their properties. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) is the conventional method for studying crystallization kinetics in polymers but may lack sensitivity in detecting antinucleating phenomena. This work applied a rheological technique to detect the antinucleating effect of 3,4‐dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid (hydrocaffeic acid [HCA]) on polycaprolactone (PCL). While DSC was useful in detecting HCA's ability to reduce PCL's melting point, it could not detect the polymer's crystallization during the cooling cycle. Adding the nucleating agent dibenzylidene sorbitol (DBS) did not negate HCA's antinucleating effect. Parallel plate rheology revealed that HCA caused a fourfold reduction in solidification time, with Avrami crystallization rate constants changing by 10−3 times. Additionally, polarized optical microscopy visually demonstrated the hindering effect of HCA on PCL crystallization. Analyzing crystallization kinetics by rheological measurements and the Avrami model proved successful in studying the crystallization kinetics of PCL with the antinucleating agent HCA while observing the crystallization process.
Review of the anatomical basis for predicting plutonium alpha particle radiation induced osteogenic cancers
Authors: Miller Scott C.
Published: February 2025

Plutonium was discovered and first synthesized in the early 1940's. Several isotopes of plutonium are used in nuclear technologies, 238Pu for heat generation and 239Pu for energy production and weapons. Both isotopes emit alpha particles, which pose a significant radiation hazard when incorporated into the body. Alpha particles emitted during 239Pu decay deposit energy along a very short path in biological tissues (≈45 μm in soft tissues). Thus, defining the anatomical locations of these deposits is essential to identify the cells at risk of radiation damage and potential malignant transformation. Bone is a primary site for plutonium deposition and retention. Plutonium exposures are associated with increases in osteogenic cancers. Plutonium is preferentially deposited on endosteal and endocortical bone surfaces, particularly those surrounded by red versus yellow bone marrow. Red marrow is more vascularized with a sinusoid network, while yellow marrow is largely a closed capillary system. Cancellous bone in red marrow sites has greater bone turnover rates and relatively more plutonium‐related bone cancers than in yellow marrow sites. The relationships of plutonium deposits in bone and potential alpha particle exposures to cells that include osteoclasts, reversal cells, canopy cells, osteoblasts, bone lining cells, and osteogenic progenitors of the basic multicellular unit during bone modeling and remodeling are reviewed. Differences in distributions of 239Pu versus naturally occurring tumors in humans and experimental animals are noted. This review emphasizes the importance of the anatomical locations of plutonium deposition and retention in the skeleton and the potential relative radiation risks from alpha particles to bone cells and their progenitors.
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for oxcarbazepine active metabolite to predict pharmacokinetics in paediatric patients with renal impairment and adjust dosages
Authors: Ke Cheng‐jie , Liu Si‐ting , Qian Yu‐die , You Xiang , Lin Rong‐fang , Lin Cui‐hong , Huang Pin‐fang , Lin Wei‐wei
Published: February 2025

Aims

Oxcarbazepine (OXC) has been approved as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy for paediatric partial seizures. There are few reports on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of OXC in paediatric patients with renal impairment (RI), especially dosage studies of RI, which are rarely conducted on paediatric patients. This study aimed to predict the PK of OXC in children with RI and to provide recommendations for dose adjustment in this population.

Methods

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models of the active metabolites of OXC were developed and verified, and their disposition was simulated in populations with or without RI.

Results

A fold error value of less than 2 was observed based on the simulated results from PBPK models for single‐ and multi‐dose administration. Based on the predictions for paediatric patients with moderate, severe, and end‐stage RI, the dose should be adjusted to 50, 40 and 25% of the normal dose, respectively, in children aged 2–5 years; and 50, 30 and 20%, respectively, in children aged 6–17 years.

Conclusions

The developed PBPK model is a valuable tool for predicting the OXC dosage in paediatric patients with RI.
Blue‐LED oxidative coupling of amines to N‐alkyl imines by metal‐free meso‐tetraphenyl porphyrin/lignin‐nanoparticles
Authors: Ceccotti Vlas Natalia , Fosso Fabiana , De marchi Elisa , Gabellone Sofia , Capecchi Eliana , Piccinino Davide , Botta Lorenzo , Saladino Raffaele
Published: February 2025

Photo‐catalysts based on the immobilization of meso‐TPP on lignin‐nanoparticles were prepared and applied in the one‐pot oxidative coupling of aromatic amines to N‐alkyl imines. Heterogeneous catalysts were effective in both homo‐coupling and cross‐coupling conditions, affording desired products in high yield. Among the immobilization procedures tested, the dialysis method afforded the most effective photo‐catalyst, which was characterized by the lower energy gap between the HOMO and LUMO of lignin. Lignin‐nanoparticles alone showed the capacity to catalyse the oxidative coupling, suggesting the possibility of a synergy effect with immobilized meso‐TPP. The sustainability of the procedure was confirmed by the use of the photo‐catalyst for more runs.
Discussion on “Assessing Predictability of Environmental Time Series With Statistical and Machine Learning Models”
Authors: Maranzano Paolo , Parker Paul A.
Published: February 2025

We contribute to the discussion of the insightful article “Assessing predictability of environmental time series with statistical and machine learning models” by Bonas et al. (2024), in which the authors commend their effort in comparing a wide range of methodologies for the challenging task of predicting environmental time series data. We focus our discussion on two topics of interest to us. First, we consider extensions of the explored methodologies that allow for heteroscedastic error terms. Second, we consider non‐Gaussianity and fitting models on transformed data. For both of these points, we will make use of the authors' supplied code and data in order to extend their examples. Ultimately, we find that modeling of heteroscedasticity error terms has the potential to improve both point and interval estimates for these environmental time series. We also find that the use of transformations to handle non‐Gaussianity can improve interval estimates.
A Closed‐Form Formula for Pricing European Options With Stochastic Volatility, Regime Switching, and Stochastic Market Liquidity
Authors: He Xin‐Jiang , Chen Hang , Lin Sha
Published: February 2025

We consider European option pricing when the volatility of the underlying stock is stochastic and affected by economic cycles. We further assume that market liquidity risks have a significant impact on the price of the stock that is not negligible, and stock prices should be adjusted according to a liquidity discounting factor. For the purpose of option pricing, we transform the established model dynamics under the physical measure into those under a risk‐neutral measure, which forms a foundation in the subsequent closed‐form derivation of the characteristic function. An analytical option pricing formula is then obtained, and numerical tests together with sensitivity analysis are also performed. Through an empirical analysis, we demonstrate that our model, which incorporates stochastic liquidity, significantly outperforms the version with constant liquidity.
LAX phases: A family of novel stable layered materials, informatics‐based discovery
Authors: Alibagheri Ehsan , Khazaei Mohammad , Estili Mehdi , Seyfi Alireza , Mizoguchi Hiroshi , Ohno Kaoru , Hosono Hideo , Vaez Allaei S. Mehdi
Published: February 2025

Ternary MAX phases, characterized by the chemical formula M₂AX, represent a group of layered materials with hexagonal lattices. These MAX phases have been the subject of extensive experimental and theoretical studies. Formation energy and thermodynamic calculations indicate that MAX phases containing late transition metals, such as Rh, Ru, Pt, Pd, Co, and Ni, are unlikely to form. Here, we introduce an alternative family of orthorhombic and monoclinic materials, the LAX phases, which exhibit similarities to MAX phases in terms of their layered structure and A and X elements. However, LAX materials incorporate late transition metals in place of the early transition metals. Advanced techniques for predicting the crystal structure of materials, coupled with data‐driven materials research and machine learning algorithms, were employed to investigate the stable structures containing transition metals from the last groups of the d‐block elements. The analyses revealed 207 ternary LAX systems that demonstrate robust stability against decomposition, with 100 of these systems showing dynamic stability. An in‐depth examination of the top 10 structures revealed five LAX systems that are phase stable and exhibit superior mechanical properties, outperforming MAX phase counterparts in Young's modulus, stiffness, and hardness. These findings indicate that many LAX phase structures are viable candidates for future synthesis, highlighting the potential of heuristic‐based structure searches in material discovery.

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Investigate the Factors of Land Degradation in Chinese Provinces: An Application of Index Formation and Random Forest
Authors: Tu Zhihui , Huang QingAn , Zhao Xin , Mohammed Kamel Si , Nassani Abdelmohsen A.
Published: February 2025

This study analyzes factors driving land degradation in China from 1996 to 2023, focusing on gross regional product, rural population, coal consumption, and wastewater generation. Using a quantile control random forest model, the findings reveal that economic growth significantly accelerates land degradation, while population, coal consumption, and wastewater management are critical but partially mitigable drivers. Environmental policies implemented post‐2018, particularly following the Paris Agreement, have notably reduced degradation rates. This research provides a novel application of the quantile control random forest model to analyze long‐term land degradation dynamics, offering precise insights into variable impacts across degradation levels. Additionally, it contributes to understanding the effectiveness of post‐2018 environmental policies in mitigating degradation, aligning with global sustainability goals. The study highlights the need for sustainable land use, cleaner energy adoption, and enhanced wastewater management. Future research should explore localized data and broader variables for a deeper understanding of degradation dynamics.
Changes in L‐phenylalanine concentration reflect and predict response to anti‐PD‐1 treatment combined with chemotherapy in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Liu Yaqing , Ping Yu , Zhang Liubo , Zhao Qitai , Huo Yachang , Li Congcong , Shan Jiqi , Qi Yanwen , Wang Liping , Zhang Yi
Published: February 2025

Chemotherapy combined with checkpoint blockade antibodies targeting programmed cell death protein (PD‐1) has achieved remarkable success in non‐small cell lung cancer. However, few patients benefit from long‐term treatment. Therefore, biomarkers capable of guiding the optimal therapeutic selection and reducing unnecessary toxicity are of pressing importance. In our research, we gathered serial blood samples from two groups of non‐small cell lung cancer patients: 49 patients received a combination of therapies, and 34 patients went under chemotherapy alone. Utilizing non‐targeted metabolomic analysis, we examined different metabolites’ disparity. Among the lot, L‐phenylalanine emerged as a significant prognostic marker in the combination treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer patients, interestingly absent in patients under sole chemotherapy. The reduced ratio of L‐phenylalanine concentration (two‐cycle treatment vs. pre‐treatment) was associated with improved progression‐free survival (hazard ratio = 1.8000, 95% confidence interval: 0.8566‒3.7820, p < 0.0001) and overall survival (hazard ratio = 1.583, 95% confidence interval: 0.7416‒3.3800, p < 0.005). We further recruited two validation cohorts (cohort 1: 40 patients and cohort 2: 30 patients) to validate the sensitivity and specificity of L‐phenylalanine prediction. Our results demonstrate that a model based on L‐phenylalanine variations could serve as an early risk‐assessment tool for non‐small cell lung cancer patients undergoing treatment, potentially facilitating strategic clinical decision‐making.
Interpretation of inhomogeneous magnetization transfer in myelin water using a four‐pool model with dipolar reservoirs
Authors: Lam Michelle H. , Novoselova Masha , Yung Andrew , Prevost Valentin H. , Manning Alan P. , Liu Jie , Tetzlaff Wolfram , Kozlowski Piotr
Published: February 2025

Purpose

To confirm ihMT's specificity to myelin, an ihMT presaturation module was combined with a Poon–Henkelman multi‐echo spin‐echo readout to separate the ihMT signal in myelin water from intra‐/extra‐cellular water. This study explored the relationship between two quantitative myelin imaging techniques and measured the ihMT signal of myelin water.

Methods

Six rats were injured; three were sacrificed three weeks post‐injury, and three were sacrificed eight weeks post‐injury, and three healthy control rats were also sacrificed. The nine formalin‐fixed rat spinal cords were imaged using a Poon–Henkelman multi‐echo spin‐echo readout with an ihMT prepulse at different strengths of filtering at 7T.

Results

The proposed model was able to characterize the ihMT decay signal in myelin water and intra‐/extra‐cellular water pool. From this proposed four‐pool model with dipolar order reservoirs, we see a drop in the fit parameter in the fasciculus gracilis white matter region of the three‐week post‐injury cord. and (non‐myelin) were estimated to be approx. 8 and 1.5 ms, respectively.

Conclusion

The drop in in the three‐week post‐injury cords suggests that could potentially distinguish between functional myelin and myelin debris; however, more studies are needed to confirm this.
Computational study of the effects of orthopedic plates on gradient‐induced peripheral nerve stimulation under MRI using electromagnetic and neurophysiological modeling
Authors: Yang Lijian , Yang Xiaolin , Ye Hui , Kaula Norbert , Jin Yuanhu , Zheng Jianfeng , Kainz Wolfgang , Chen Ji
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study investigates the impact of orthopedic plates on peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) during MRI, focusing on how the presence of implants affects PNS thresholds.

Methods

A combination of anatomical electromagnetic and neurophysiological modeling was utilized. Electromagnetic fields in human body models were simulated, both with and without orthopedic plates. Simulations were performed under x‐, y‐, and z‐axis gradient coils, with plates implanted at two clinically relevant locations. Nerve responses were modeled using an established neurophysiological model.

Results

The presence of orthopedic implants significantly influenced nerve stimulation, leading to reductions in stimulation thresholds of up to 80%. Some of the reduced thresholds were close to the PNS limits outlined in International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 60601‐2‐33, suggesting a considerably reduced safety margin compared to cases without implants.

Conclusion

Orthopedic implants can substantially lower the activation thresholds of nearby nerves, with some thresholds approaching the PNS limits defined in IEC 60601‐2‐33 for MRI gradient field. This finding indicates a reduced safety margin for patients with implants, highlighting the need for more comprehensive safety assessments.
On the Further Development of Silver Nitrotetrazolate for Practical Use as a Primary Explosive
Authors: Lommel Marcus , Schirra Rainer , Klapötke Thomas M. , Stierstorfer Jörg
Published: February 2025

Silver nitrotetrazolate (AgNT) is a less‐known but very powerful primary explosive with fast deflagration‐to‐detonation transition (DDT). Unfortunately, the compound never found any practical application due to its undesirable powder properties paired with a very high sensitivity toward mechanical stimuli. The adaption of conditions similar to those used in the Costain process resulted in precipitation of a new compound AgNT·¼NH3, incorporating 0.25 eq. ammonia, proven by single crystal x‐ray diffraction and elemental analysis. This compound has been characterized and optimized for use as a primary explosive and shows greatly enhanced properties over common silver nitrotetrazolate.
Systematic Analysis of the Chemical Components of Gentiana urnula Harry Sm Using SIRIUS and Liquid Chromatography High‐Resolution Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Yan Zhihong , Ning Jing , Luo Zhen , Li Dongfang , Wang Huiyu , Xie Xiaoyu
Published: February 2025

Rationale

Gentiana urnula Harry Sm is a frequently utilized traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with applications in the treatment of a range of ailments including jaundice, gastrointestinal ulcers, and influenza. Despite its widespread uses, there is a lack of comprehensive researches on the chemical composition.

Methods

This study integrated SIRIUS, quantitative structure‐retention relationship (QSRR), and liquid chromatography high‐resolution mass spectrometry (LC‐HRMS) to identify the compounds in Gentiana urnula Harry Sm.

Results

A total of 213 compounds were identified with high confidence based on retention time (tR), MS1, and MS/MS. Among the 213 compounds, 26 compounds were positively identified firstly in Gentiana urnula Harry Sm. More than 5000 compounds were classified based on MS/MS. Spatial distribution revealed the similarities in compound between roots and stems, while differences were observed between leaves and flowers.

Conclusions

This study lays the foundation for further investigations into the biological activity and pharmacological mechanism of Gentiana urnula Harry Sm.
Not in my homeland: Immigrant CEOs and the geography of corporate social irresponsibility
Authors: Bu Juan , Wang Stephanie Lu , Lee Yejee , Li Dan
Published: February 2025

Research Summary

This study examines how immigrant CEOs influence the geography of multinational enterprises' (MNEs) corporate social irresponsibility (CSI) incidents. Building on place attachment theory and social capital theory, we theorize that immigrant CEOs have strong psychological attachment to and social capital in their homeland countries, which could reduce the occurrence and media disclosure of their MNEs' CSI incidents in those countries. Moreover, this effect will be further enhanced if the CEO emigrates as an adult, if the focal firm has a higher sustainability rating, and if the CEO's homeland country has lower press freedom. A difference‐in‐differences analysis using a propensity score‐matched sample of MNEs from the US S&P 500 during the 2007–2020 period supports our arguments.

Managerial Summary

Why do firms engage in different levels of corporate irresponsibility in different locations? Our study reveals a connection between the appointment of an immigrant CEO and the locations of multinational enterprises (MNEs') irresponsible incidents. Immigrant CEOs can not only reduce their MNEs' harmful acts in their homelands because of their strong psychological attachment but also leverage social relationships in their homelands to mitigate media coverage of their firms' negative incidents there. Such impacts of appointing immigrant CEOs are subject to CEOs' immigration as adults or children, their firms' sustainability ratings, and their homeland countries' press freedom.
SpaDCN: Deciphering Spatial Functional Landscape from Spatially Resolved Transcriptomics by Aligning Cell–Cell Communications
Authors: Bai Xiaosheng , Bao Xinyu , Zhang Chuanchao , Shi Qianqian , Chen Luonan
Published: February 2025

Spatially resolved transcriptomics (SRT) has emerged as a transformative technology for elucidating cellular organization and tissue architecture. However, a significant challenge remains in identifying pathology‐relevant spatial functional landscapes within the tissue microenvironment, primarily due to the limited integration of cell–cell communication dynamics. To address this limitation, SpaDCN, a Spatially Dynamic graph Convolutional Network framework is proposed, which aligns cell–cell communications and gene expression within a spatial context to reveal the spatial functional regions with the coherent cellular organization. To effectively transfer the influence of cell–cell communications on expression variation, SpaDCN respectively generates the node layer and edge layer of spatial graph representation from expression data and the ligand–receptor complex contributions and then employs a dynamic graph convolution to switch the propagation of node graph and edge graph. It is demonstrated that SpaDCN outperforms existing methods in identifying spatial domains and denoising expression across various platforms and species. Notably, SpaDCN excels in identifying marker genes with significant prognostic potential in cancer tissues. In conclusion, SpaDCN offers a powerful and precise tool for spatial domain detection in spatial transcriptomics, with broad applicability across various tissue types and research disciplines.
Simplified Algorithm for Multi‐Step Model Predictive Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors for Ship Propulsion
Authors: Wang Xiangjun , Cao Haichuan , Sun Hao , Wang Pengxiang
Published: February 2025

A simplified voltage vector multi‐step model predictive control algorithm is proposed to address the practical problems of excessive dependence on system parameters for vector control of permanent magnet synchronous motors for ship propulsion, poor steady state control performance of single‐step model predictive control algorithm, and large computational volume of traditional multi‐step model predictive control algorithm. First, by analyzing the operation and implementation process of traditional vector control, this paper applies the single‐step current model predictive control algorithm with a double closed‐loop structure to establish a finite control set model predictive control model for ship propulsion permanent magnet synchronous motor, which has the advantages of reducing the dependence of the control algorithm on the system parameters, and simple calculation. Second, considering the prediction conservatism problem and prediction delay problem of single‐step model predictive control in one control cycle, this paper proposes an SVVM‐MPC algorithm, which can utilize delay compensation, streamlining the voltage vector and increasing the prediction step size to ensure the controller is lighter computational load while obtaining better steady‐state control results. Finally, the simulation and experimental results show that the computation of SVVM‐MPC algorithm is only 37.5% of the traditional multistep current prediction algorithm under the variation of speed and load torque of ship propulsion permanent magnet synchronous motors, meanwhile, the torque pulsation is effectively suppressed and reduced by about 25%, which improves the quality of three‐phase currents and enhances the steady‐state control performance. © 2025 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
On the Discrete Dirac Spectrum of General-Relativistic Hydrogenic Ions with Anomalous Magnetic Moment
Authors: Kapengut E. B. , Kiessling M. K.-H. , Ling E. , Tahvildar-Zadeh A. S.
Published: February 2025

The Reissner–Weyl–Nordström (RWN) spacetime of a point nucleus features a naked singularity for the empirically known nuclear charges Ze and masses

$$M = A(Z,N)m_{\textrm{p}}$$

M
=
A

(
Z
,
N
)

m
p

, where

$$m_{\textrm{p}}$$

m
p

is the proton mass and

$$A(Z,N)\approx Z+N$$

A
(
Z
,
N
)
≈
Z
+
N

the atomic mass number, with Z the number of protons and N the number of neutrons in the nucleus. The Dirac Hamiltonian for a test electron with mass

$$m_{\textrm{e}}$$

m
e

, charge

$$-\,e$$

-

e

, and anomalous magnetic moment

$$\mu _a (\approx -\, \frac{1}{4\pi }\frac{e^3}{m_{\textrm{e}}c^2})$$

μ
a

(
≈
-

1

4
π

e
3

m
e

c
2

)

in the electrostatic RWN spacetime of such a “naked point nucleus” is known to be essentially self-adjoint, with a spectrum that consists of the union of the essential spectrum

$$(-\,\infty ,-\,m_{\textrm{e}}c^2]\cup [m_{\textrm{e}}c^2, \infty )$$

(
-

∞
,
-

m
e

c
2

]

∪

[

m
e

c
2

,
∞
)

and a discrete spectrum of infinitely many eigenvalues in the gap

$$(-\,m_{\textrm{e}}c^2,m_{\textrm{e}}c^2)$$

(
-

m
e

c
2

,

m
e

c
2

)

, having

$$m_{\textrm{e}}c^2$$

m
e

c
2

as accumulation point. In this paper, the discrete spectrum is characterized in detail for the first time, for all

$$Z\le 45$$

Z
≤
45

and A that cover all known isotopes. The eigenvalues are mapped one-to-one to those of the traditional Dirac hydrogen spectrum. Numerical evaluations that go beyond

$$Z=45$$

Z
=
45

into the realm of not-yet-produced hydrogenic ions are presented, too. A list of challenging open problems concludes this publication.