bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPACT OF CADAVERIC OATH ON FIRST MBBS STUDENTS
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Hyderabad., Narasipuram Archana
Published: September 2022

The transformation of a medical student to a practitioner with professional principles, attitude and conduct should begin from the first day of a medical college and it should be continued throughout. First year M.B.B.S curriculum includes the basic subjects of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry. Cadaveric dissection is a traditional method of teaching structural details of human body to medical students. Because of the problems related to the availablity of human cadavers,a shift towards greater use of alternative modalities including virtual anatomy, plastination models, computer based imaging and non cadaveric models is in progress. Cadaveric dissection enables the students to appreciate the feel of human tissues. It also gives the three dimensional view of human structure. Cadaveric oath was first started in 2016 with the objective of sensitising the new medical students to respect cadaver as their first teacher. Medical students and physicians must demonstrate sensitivity, respect, compassion ,emotional support and empathy at all times to patients and their families. Hence cadavers are to be treated with respect and regarded as a first silent teacher of a medical student. So, to appreciate the altruistic behaviour of a cadaveric donor, taking cadaveric oath becomes essential. A cadaveric oath is a pledge which students recite on the opening day to respect the dignity and integrity of the human remains that they are about to work on. Undertaking an oath prior to cadaver dissection is one of the ways by which the basic elements of ethics can be introduced to the first year medical students. Cadaveric oath conveys us to appreciate the mortality of the cadaver. So, a study is done to know the impact of cadaveric oath on first MBBS students. Methods The present study was conducted in the department of anatomy at Apollo Medical College, Hyderabad. A Questionnaire related to importance and impact of cadaveric oath was prepared and distributed to 100 students in the first year (2019) who took Cadaveric Oath and to (100 students) who were not exposed to Cadaveric Oath. The results obtained were compared. Results: It is observed that those students who have taken cadaveric oath have shown great respect & change in the attitude towards Cadaver and started treating Cadaver as a first silent teacher. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the relevance and importance of Cadaveric Oath as a part of installing bioethics in todayÃ‚Â’s age of medical technology.
THE INFLUENCE OF LABORATORY PRACTICE ON MICROBIOLOGY EDUCATION IN UNIVERSITIES FOUND IN ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors:   Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University., Josephine Ngozi Ezendianefo
Published: September 2022

The study investigated the influence of laboratory practice on microbiology education in universities found in Anambra state, Nigeria. The simple random sampling (SRS) technique was employed during the selection of four (4) universities for the study. The design of the study was the survey descriptive design. Seven (7) research questions guided the study. The samples used for the study consist of one hundred (100) respondents. The research instrument employed was the questionnaire. The descriptive statistics (mean and bar charts) was used during the data analysis. Theresults of the study showed thatthere were laboratories in the institution;the laboratories were well equipped; there were functioning basic amenities like electricity and good water supply in the schools; students were not given access to heuristically and demonstratively use the laboratories in the schools; lecturers do not refer students to carry out laboratory practice after classroom work; the lecturers monitor their students during the laboratory practices and students performed poorly in microbiology. It was then evident that majority of the universities did not effectively employ laboratory practice during microbiology education which might have led to the poor performances of studentsas revealed by the lecturersÃƒÂ¢Ã‚Â€Ã‚Â™ log and progress report books of the students. Therefore, the need to equip and effectively utilize the laboratories for microbiology education cannot be over emphasized and efforts should be geared towards upgrading the laboratories and enlightening/enforcing both lecturers/students on the need to be employing laboratorypractice for effective teaching and learning of microbiology.
MOHAMED HAJI HASHIM WAQF: LESSONS LEARNT FROM ITS LAND DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Lecturer, Kulliyyah of Shariah & Law, Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah (UniSHAMS), 09300, Kuala Ketil, Kedah, Malaysia., Abu Bakar Marina , Ismail Sukriah ,   Lecturer, Kulliyyah of Shariah & Law, Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah (UniSHAMS), 09300, Kuala Ketil, Kedah, Malaysia., Zuina Ismail Che ,   Assoc. Prof. Dr., Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies (ACIS), UniversitiTeknologi MARA (UiTM), Terengganu Branch, 23000, Kuala Dungun, Terengganu, Malaysia., Asyimah Ramli Noor ,   Advocate & Solicitor, High Court of Malaya Sharie Lawyer Noor Asyimah&Associates, No. 8B, Tingkat 2, Jalan Todak 3, Pusat Bandar Seberang Jaya, 13700, Prai, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
Published: September 2022

In Penang, all waqf properties are under the sole trusteeship of the Penang Islamic Religious Council (MAINPP). To date, Mohamed Hashim Waqf Land has already been productively developed in accordance with the waqf givers wishes. However, there are significant issues and challenges remain in the waqf property development process of Mohamed Haji Hashim Waqf Land. Hence, this study was conducted to analyze lessons learnt from Mohamed Haji Hashim Waqf Land development. This study uses qualitative research methodology. The data was collected via library research method and semi-structured interview. Later, the data was analyzed using thematic and content analysis method. The findings prove that there are several issues and challenges that arise and need to be addressed by MAINPP to ensure the development of waqf lands in Penang can be proceeded without hitches. The results of the study consist of valuable lessons that can be proposed to MAINPP and the developer in improving the process of waqf land development so that waqf properties can be developed optimally and provide profitable returns to the Muslim community in Penang.
THE SULTANATE OF MURAD II (1421-1451) OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE
Authors:   Research Centre for Arabic Language and Islamic Civilization, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia., Dalillah Mohd Isa Ammalina ,   Department of History and Civilization, Kuliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, 53100 Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia., Omer Spahic ,   Department of History and Civilization, Kuliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, 53100 Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia., Fathil Fauziah ,   Department of History and Civilization, Kuliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, 53100 Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia.
Published: September 2022

Murad II was the sixth Ottoman sultan reigning from 1421 until 1451. Although his nature of ruling was acclaimed by the Ottoman historians and travelers and chroniclers of his time, research on the sultanate of Murad II was understudied. Franz Babinger, a well-known Ottoman classical history scholar stated that, No book has been devoted to the life and sultanate of Mehmeds father and predecessor, Murad II. Thus, this study aims to explore the sultanate of Murad II in the Ottoman Empire from 1421-1451. This study employed a qualitative method through historical study and content analysis method. The method of data collection for this study was document research by analyzing textual and visual data from primary and secondary sources. The data were analysed through hermeneutic and descriptive methods. This study discovered that throughout Murad II rule, numerous crises emerged in his realm right after his enthronement and some of them threatened the sustainability of the Ottoman Empire. Nevertheless, he navigated the threats and crises adequately but effectively. As a result, he was able to consolidate and fully recover the Ottoman Empire after the impact of the Battle of Ankara. His nature of rule with justice, moderate tolerance and aggressiveness made him a great ruler, enjoyed by the members of his courts, pleased by his subjects, and admired by his opponents.
LES ECUEILS COMMUNICATIONNELS DUN DEPISTAGE TARDIF DU CANCER DU SEIN EN COTE DIVOIRE
Authors:   Docteur En Sante Publique, Maitre-Assistant en Sciences de linformation Et De La Communication, Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Abidjan-Cote dIvoire., Tchere Marie-Laure
Published: September 2022

The fact that people dont visit early the doctor for breast cancer prevention is a frequent public health problematic. So the aim of our research is to appreciate, through the Lasswels theory and the phenomenological method, the role of communication in the acceptance and the practiceof voluntary screening. According to the results on the perception of women which are seeking health care at the Centre national doncologie medicale et de radiotherapie dAbidjan (CNRAO), socio-demographic characteristics and incoherencies in communication responses on breast cancer are associated with late consultation. An insufficient implication of media, sporadic campaigns, and linguistic barriers to messages accessibility are the main pitfalls of the communication approaches. These results highlight the need for an inclusive communication in order to ameliorate the breast cancer screening practice.
PREDICTING RAINFALL BASED ON MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHM: AN EVIDENCE FROM BOGURA DISTRICT, BANGLADESH
Authors:   Associate Professor, Data Mining Research Group, Department of Statistics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh., Mostafizur Rahman Md. , Sayedur Rahman M. ,   Professor, Environmental Science Research Group, Department of Statistics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh.
Published: September 2022

Accurately and timely predicting climatic variables are most challenging task for the researchers. Scientists have been trying numerous methods for forecasting environmental data with different methods and found confusing performance of different methods. Recently machine learning tools are considering as a robust technique for predicting climatic variables because these tools extracted hidden relationship from the data and can predict more correctly than existing methods. In this paperwe compare the forecasting performance of various machine learning algorithms such as Classification and Regression Trees (CART), Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN) and Random Forest (RF) in case of Bogura district in Bangladesh. The weekly rainfall related time series data such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, sunshine, minimum temperature and maximum temperature for the time period January, 1971 to December, 2015 were considered. The model evaluation criteria precision, recall and f-measure and overall accuracy confirms that Random Forest algorithm give best forecasting performance and cross validation approach which produce some graphical view model comparison also confirm that the Random Forest algorithm is the most suitable algorithm for predicting rainfall in case of Bogura district, Bangladesh during this study period.
THE RESULTS OF ARTHROSCOPIC RELEASE WITH TENDON TRANSFERS IN CASES OF B.P.B.P WITH GLENOHUMERAL DYSPLASIA
Authors:   Orthopedics and Traumatology Department., E.M. Shiha Anis , H. Noaman Hassan ,   Orthopedics and Traumatology Department., I. Addosooki Ahmed ,   Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University., R. Abo Al-Ezz Mohamed ,   Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University.
Published: September 2022

Background: Internal rotation deformity due to brachial plexus birth palsy frequently lead to glenohumeral deformity . Our surgical approach to treat these contractures relies on arthroscopic release and tendon transfer of latissimus dorsi muscle for young children . We report the results for twenty children followed for a minimum of two years after such treatment Patients and methods: This study was done in the Orthopedic department, Sohag University Hospitals including all patients with brachial plexus birth palsy with internal rotation contracure of the shoulder. Twenty children with a mean age of 4 years (between 2 and 6 years old) underwent arthroscopic contracture release and tendon transfer of latissimus dorsi muscle as a primary procedure.Passive and active external rotation, internal rotation, and elevation were measured for all patients pre and postoperatively. Modified mallet score and active movement score was measured pre and postoperatively. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed preoperatively and postoperatively to evaluate glenoid version and head sublaxation. Results: At the time of follow-up, the mean passive external rotation was increased by 67Â° (p < 0.005) in the children with a successful arthroscopic release and tendon transfer. The mean active elevation increased by 12Â°. Internal rotation was not measured consistently preoperatively, but when it had been it was found to have decreased substantially postoperatively. Mean glenoid version improved from -33Â° to -7Â° following soft-tissue releases and The percentage of the humeral head anterior to the middle of the glenoid improved from 8% to 43%. While the average duration of clinical and radiographic follow-up was twenty-four months, improvements in both shoulder motion and glenohumeral joint morphology were seen early and were maintained during the follow up period. Conclusion: In children with internal rotation contracture, arthroscopic release and tendon transfer effectively restores nearly normal passive external rotation and a centered glenohumeral joint at the time of surgery. In most of these children, external rotation strength is sufficient to maintain this range of motion and to improve glenoid development when preoperative deformity was present. Improvement in active elevation was minimal. All children have a loss of internal rotation, which is moderate in most of them.
DISPOSITIONAL AUTONOMY AND SUBJECTIVE WELLBEING AMONG WOMEN IN A COLLECTIVISTIC CULTURE
Authors:   Research Scholar Department of Psychology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K., Javaid Hadia , Shafi Humera ,   Associate Professor Department of Psychology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K.
Published: September 2022

Autonomy has been conceived as a masculine trait in literature. However, feminist literature and SDT theorists consider autonomy as a requisite need for all irrespective of gender, class and culture. The Self-Determination Theory perspective posits autonomy as a basic psychological need and an essential nutriment for well-being. The aim of the present paper was to study the effects of dispositional autonomy on subjective wellbeing among women in Kashmir. The aim was to see the existence of this attribute among women being in collectivistic culture. The relationship of the dimensions of dispositional autonomy i.e., authorship/self-congruence, susceptibility to control and interest-taking with subjective wellbeing was examined and their effects on subjective wellbeing was studied. The 15-item, 5-point Likert Scale namely Index of Autonomous Functioning (IAF) (Weinstein et al., 2012b) was used to assess dispositional autonomy. The 14-item, 5-point Likert Scale namely, Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) (S Stewart-Brown & Janmohamed, 2008) was used to assess subjective wellbeing. The study was conducted on a sample of 183 Kashmiri women. The correlation and regression analysis was done to study the relationship and effects of dispositional autonomy on subjective wellbeing among women in collectivistic culture. The results showed a significant positive effect of dispositional autonomy on subjective wellbeing of women. The study has contributed in the existing body of knowledge by highlighting the importance of autonomy as a basic psychological need in the wellbeing of women.
IMPACT OF SINKING RUPEE ON INDIAS FOREIGN TRADE(THREATS TO EXCHANGE RATE FLUCTUATIONS)
Authors:   CMS Business School, JAIN (Deemed to be University) Bengaluru â€“ 560009., Kukreja Mansi
Published: September 2022

This study investigates the impact of rupee-dollar variations on the Indian economy. The economic conditions brought about by the rupees decline against the dollar demonstrate that there has been a significant detrimental impact of this price fluctuation on several industries. Any countrys export competitiveness and the value of its local currencies in terms of other currencies have a complex relationship. If the exported goods rely heavily on imported resources, this relationship will become more complicated. The Indian rupee has lost value numerous times during the past year, reaching a high of 80.064 to the dollar in July 2022. The Indian economy, which already had a significant budget and current account imbalance, was negatively impacted by exchange rate pressure. The Indian government made numerous difficult decisions to follow it again on the path. This essay discusses several difficulties brought on by these fluctuations as well as actions taken by the government and central bank to make them effective.
Effects of climate and anthropogenic changes on current and future variability in flows in the So'o River Basin (south of Cameroon)
Authors: Ebodé Valentin Brice , Dzana Jean Guy , Nkiaka Elias , Nnomo Bernadette Nka , Braun Jean Jacques , Riotte Jean
Published: September 2022

Due to climate and environmental changes, sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has experienced several drought and flood events in recent decades with serious consequences on the economy of the sub-region. In this context, the region needs to enhance its capacity in water resources management, based on both good knowledge of contemporary variations in river flows and reliable forecasts. The objective of this article was to study the evolution of current and future (near (2022–2060) and distant (2061–2100)) flows in the So'o River Basin (SRB) in Cameroon. To achieve this, the Pettitt and modified Mann–Kendall tests were used to analyze hydrometeorological time series in the basin. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used to simulate the future flows in the SRB. The results obtained show that for the current period, the flows of the So'o decrease due to the decrease in precipitation. For future periods, a change in precipitation in line with the predictions of the CCCma model will lead to a decrease in river discharge in the basin, except under the RCP8.5 scenario during the second period (2061–2100), where we note an increase compared to the historical period of approximately +4%. Results from the RCA4 model project an increase in precipitation which will lead to an increase in river discharge by more than +50%, regardless of the period and the scenario considered. An increase in discharges was noted in some cases despite a drop in rainfall, particularly in the case of discharges simulated for the second period (2061–2100) from the outputs of the CCCma model. This seems to be a consequence of the increase in impervious spaces, all the more the runoff increases during this period according to the model. Results from this study could be used to enhance water resources management in the basin investigated and the region.
Variation characteristics of water and sediment of managed aquifer recharge with the Yellow River water in the piedmont sand gravel channel in the North China Plain
Authors: Zhao Weidong , Xu Donglai , Wang Weiping , Liu Shuai , Qu Shisong , Meng Yujie , Sun Xiuxiu
Published: September 2022

A two-dimensional sand tank model was designed to investigate the water distribution and sediment clogging of the Yellow River water during the seepage recharge process of the piedmont sand gravel channel in the North China Plain. Due to the high permeability of the sand gravel medium, only infiltration deep runoff (IDR) and surface runoff (SR) occurred in the sand tank experiment. The increase in water released did not improve the effective recharge. The IDR accounted for 65–85% of the water released. After clogging appeared, the value decreased to 15–30%. More than 96% of suspended solids were deposited in the surface and upper areas of the sand tank, among which the sand gravel surface covered by the thin clay layer formed by suspended particles was the main cause of the change in the distribution of IDR and SR. A rubber dam can promote the conversion of high velocity SR to low velocity lateral shallow runoff (LSR) by 25–30% while increasing the deposition mass of suspended particles in the sand tank. The rationality of the sand tank model was verified by the numerical model, and the fitting degree between the simulated and the measured results was greater than 0.9.
Effect of irrigation commutative flow technology on reducing deposition and improving anticlogging performance of a flat labyrinth drip pipe
Authors: Wang Chang , Bai Dan , Li Yibo , Zhang Qian , Ma Xin , Wu Shanshan , Lei Jianhu
Published: September 2022

This paper proposes a commutative flow technology of drip irrigation in a looped pipe network. Switching the flow direction of the drip irrigation pipe can improve the flow velocity in the lateral, consequently washing up the sediment deposited in the lateral and flow channel of the emitter. Thus, this technology can reduce sediment deposition and prevent blockage of the drip irrigation pipe. To verify the effectiveness of the commutative flow technology, the drip irrigation experiment was conducted, and the unidirectional flow technology experiment was the control. At the end of the tests, the emitter average relative discharge (Dra) of the commutative and unidirectional flow drip irrigation pipes decreased to 92.8 and 62.9%, the emitter blocking rate was 7.7 and 35.9%, respectively; the total amount of sediment deposited in the commutative flow lateral was 37.5% of that in the unidirectional flow lateral. Compared with the unidirectional flow technology, the commutative flow technology could significantly mitigate the decline rate of flow discharge, and effectively reduce the emitter blockage rate and the lateral sediment amount. Thus, the application of the commutative flow technology in the drip irrigation field pipe network can improve irrigation quality and promote the development of muddy water drip irrigation.
Assessment of DRAINMOD-NII model for prediction of nitrogen losses through subsurface drained sandy clay under cultivation in south west Punjab, India
Authors: Dar Mehraj U Din , Singh J. P.
Published: September 2022

In the present study, the DRAINMOD-NII model was calibrated for the years 2018–2019 and validated for the period 2019–2020 over the two cropping years. The model simulations were statistically evaluated by comparing the measured drain flows and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) with the model simulated drain outflows and nitrate loss. The study results depicted closer agreement between the simulated and observed results for both the calibration and validation periods. The root mean square error (RMSE) of the drainage rate was 8.88 cm more than observed data, 15.41, 0.53 and 0.57 cm were the values recorded for PBIAS, modelling efficiency (NSE) and R2. The similar parameter values for nitrogen load were recorded to be 0.14, 2.76, 0.84 and 0.88 respectively during the calibration period for the rice-wheat system. The model was statistically tested during the validation period also, confirming DRAINMOD-NII has the capability to simulate nitrogen losses from the area subjected to subsurface drainage system.
Treatment of organic pollutants in coke plant wastewater by micro-nanometer catalytic ozonation, A/A/O and reverse osmosis membrane
Authors: Feng Ningning , Wang Guozhen , Kang Xinke , Hu Tao , Wu Haiyan , Xie Jianping
Published: September 2022

Coking wastewater has a complex and highly concentrated chemical composition which is toxic and does not biodegrade easily. Treating the organic pollutants in this wastewater is very challenging. The toxic substances in this wastewater make traditional biotechnological treatments inefficient. Current wastewater treatment studies are based on unit processes, and no full process studies could be found. This study used the micro-nanometer catalytic ozonation process as a pretreatment unit, and reverse osmosis membrane treatment as a depth processing unit to improve the effect of the coking wastewater degradation. The micro-nanometer catalytic ozonation pretreatment greatly improves the biodegradability of the coking wastewater and promotes the coking wastewater degradation in the anoxia/anaerobic/oxic (A/A/O) system. The integrated coagulation air flotation-micro-nanometer catalytic ozonation-A/A/O–reverse osmosis membrane system can remove 98% of the chemical oxygen demand, which meets the direct emission standard of the new national standard (China). The dominant genera in the A/A/O biochemical reactor were Thioalkalimicrobium, Proteiniphilum, Azoarcu, Bacillus, Fontibacter, and Taibaiella. This work provides a novel approach for the degradation of high-concentration organic wastewater and lays a solid foundation for the restoration of environmental water bodies.
The removal of veterinary antibiotics in the high-rate anaerobic bioreactor: continuous and batch studies
Authors: Zeng Zhuo , Zheng Ping , Kang Da , Li Wenji , Xu DongDong , Chen Wenda , Pan Chao , Guo Leiyan
Published: September 2022

Veterinary antibiotics in swine wastewater has drawn great public attention. The removal processes of sulfamethizole (SMZ), enrofloxacin (ENR) and chlortetracycline (CTC) were investigated in the high-rate anaerobic process. The continuous experiments demonstrated that in 3 L working volume and with the organic loading rate 5 kg/(m3·d) rised to 20 kg/(m3·d), the average removal efficiencies of the high-rate anaerobic bioreactor for SMZ, ENR and CTC were 0, 54 and 100%, respectively. By using fixed-bed adsorption models, the saturation time of SMZ, ENR and CTC were 4 hydraulic retention time (HRT) (24 h), 8 HRT (48 h) and 372 HRT (2,232 h). In the batch experiments, the adsorption and biodegradation characteristics of anaerobic granular sludge were determined. In the high-rate anaerobic bioreactor, SMZ removal process mainly relied on the adsorption but it was very weak; ENR removal process was based on the adsorption and biodegradation; CTC removal process was based to a large extent on the adsorption because of the big capacity of AnGS. These results were helpful to create a rational basis for designing more suitable treatment systems as feasible barriers to the release of antibiotics into the environment.
Semantic structures of Balinese speech act verbs
Authors: Sudipa I Nengah , Kusuma I Nyoman Weda , Candra Komang Dian Puspita , Putra Eka Dwi
Published: September 2022

This article is aimed at discussing Balinese Speech Act Verbs from the semantic perspective. The data are oral and written ones, the former was collected by interview from the key informen from two regencies in Bali namely: Tabanan and Bangli regencies. The later, i.e written data were obtained by observation and note-taking, taken from four Balinese short stories. The collected data was analyzed by applying the Natural Semantic Metalanguage with further discussion seen from (i) mapping and together with (ii) explication. The result shows that there are a number of non-compositional polysemy implied by any lexicon in terms of Balinese Speech Acts. The non-compositional polysemies are including: say and say, say and know, say and feel, say and happen, and the last is say and do.
Effects of Applying Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi to Nitrogen Cycle Microorganisms in Soils with Coffee Plantations
Authors: Rayo Sánchez Carol Liseth , Avellaneda-Torres Lizeth Manuela
Published: September 2022

Abstract: Mycorrhizae are associations between plants and beneficial fungi. They are the most active components of the plant’s nutrient absorption organs. On the other hand, soil microorganisms are fundamental for their functioning and dynamics as a living system. This research aimed to evaluate the effects of applying arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to the abundance of functional groups associated with the nitrogen cycle of soils with coffee plantations in Sasaima, Cundinamarca, Colombia. The soil samples were collected from four study plots during months 0, 2, and 8 and handled as follows: Plot 1. Application of liquid AMF (75-80 spores/gram of dry powder); Plot 2. Application of AMF in solid formulation (300 spores/gram); Plot 3. Application of native AMF, extracted from the soil under study (25 spores/gram); and Plot 4. Control, no application of AMF . The abundance of soil microorganisms associated with the nitrogen cycle was estimated using the most probable number technique to quantify ammonifying, proteolytic, ammonium-oxidizing, nitrite-oxidizing, and denitrifying microorganisms. The standard physicochemical parameters of the soil were measured. Afterward, univariate and multivariate analyses of the data were performed. The results showed a positive correlation between the application of AMF, organic carbon, and phosphorus, higher in the plots with native AMF. However, the abundance of functional groups of the nitrogen cycle did not show significant differences among the treatments; still, the principal components analysis showed a correlation between the plots with liquid and solid AMF, ammonifying microorganisms, and ammonium-oxidizing bacteria.
NOD1/CARD4(G796A) and NOD2/CARD15(R702W, G908R and L1007fsinC) polymorphisms associated with Crohn's disease in Iraqi patients
Authors: Fayadh Sameer Adnan , Hassan Barraj Abed , Jamaal Mahmood Hayder
Published: September 2022

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) applies to two main forms of chronic relapsing inflammatory intestinal disorders: Crohn's disease (CD), Ulcerative colitis (UC). CD requires an irregular immune reaction that induces intense inflammation. The cause of CD disease is not yet fully known; previous research, however, indicated inflammation of the intestines elevated or continues due to inappropriate immune responses due to associations between genetic factors, intestinal microbiota, and environmental factors contributing to the production of IBD. This study aimed to investigate predisposing genes, single nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) NOD1/CARD4 and NOD2/CARD15) with CD in Iraqi patients. The common NOD1 (G796A) SNP and NOD2 SNPs R702W, G908R and L1007fsinC for NOD2 SNPs were selected. Thirty Iraqi citizens with a recognized diagnosis of CD and twenty apparently healthy controls were included in the study from November 2019 to December 2020; the common NOD1 and NOD2 polymorphisms have been screened by the polymerase chain reaction/restriction analysis length polymorphism (PCR/RFLP). The results of the current investigation for NOD1 polymorphism in studied patients and controls, the allelic and genotypic data show a highly significant association of G796A SNPs in the NOD1 with Crohn's disease, GA percentage was 56.67% in patients as compared to controls genotype was (0.00%).

Furthermore, the G allele was more common in Crohn's patients than the A allele 0.72 vs. 0.28. Also, the allelic and genotypic frequency distribution of the studied NOD2 SNPs in the current study were (R702W, G908R, and L1007fs) in Iraqi patients, and controls revealed a highly significant connection between the G908R SNP with Crohn's disease susceptibility. The proportion of the genotype GC was 30% in patients while 0% in the control group, the frequency of the G allele was 0.85 vs 0.15 respectively, which was more than the frequency of the A allele. There were no significant changes in genotypic and allelic frequencies of the R702W and L1007fs SNPs in Iraqi Crohn's disease patients. The present study concluded that the NOD1 SNP of allelic and genotypic data show a highly significant association of G796A with a predisposition to Crohn's disease in Iraqi patients. And the NOD2 SNPs of G908R were also revealed to be highly effective. While the other studied SNPs were R702W and L1007fsinsC of NOD2, which showed no significant changes in the allelic and genotypic frequencies of the SNPs with Crohn's disease Iraqi patients.

Keywords: Inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, NOD1/CARD4, NOD2/CARD15, polymorphisms.
Estimation of Epidermal growth factor (EGF), HER2, CA15-3 and Acid phosphatase in Iraqi breast cancer women
Authors: Hussein Hameedi Ban , Hussain Mahdi Ali Abdul Al , Shalash Sultan Ali
Published: September 2022

Breast cancer is one of frequent cancer that affects millions of people worldwide. Delayed diagnosis of these cancers has raised mortality and morbidity. Cancer biomarkers have tremendously increased the efficacy of treatment and the effectiveness of detection. This study aimed to investigate some biomarkers, including EGF, HER2, CA15-3, and Acid phosphatase, associated with early breast cancer (BC) diagnosis in Iraqi women. Carried on 90 Samples, the patients attended the Center for Early Detection of Breast Tumor at an oncology teaching hospital in Medical City. The study was conducted between 15/February (2021) and 20/July (2021). The consultant medical personnel made the diagnosis based on a Triple Assessment Technique, including physical breast examination, ultrasonography, with or without mammography and fine needle aspiration cytology. Female patients were divided into three groups (Benign, malignant and control). Benign B(34 patients) was split into subgroups, including. Benign premenopausal group B1(17 patients) Benign post-menopausal group B2(17patients) and malignant M(34 patients), malignant premenopausal group M1(17 patients) and malignant post-menopausal group M2(17 patients), and control group C include (11) premenopausal stage C1and (11) post-menopausal group C2. The value of EGF in Malignant cancer M1 (179.80 ±19.07) and M2(130.59 ±18.59)shows a highly significant (P≤0>05) increase in comparison with benign cancer and B2 and healthy control C1and C2 groups, respectively but B1 and B2 shows high significant (P≤0>05)decrease in comparison with C1 and C2 respectively. The values of HER2 show in B2(1.377±0.10); M1(11.76±0.10), and M2(11.79±0.09) increased significantly(P≤0.05) in comparison with C1, C2, B1 respectively. The values of CA-15-3 in M1 and M2 increase significantly(P≤0.05) compared with C1, C2, B1, and B2. The values of acid phosphatase in pre-and post-menopausal males in M1 and M2 increased significantly (p<0.05) compared with C1andC2.

Keywords: Epidermal growth factor, breast cancer, Acid phosphatase, HER2, CA15-3
The Role of Compassionate Technology in Blended and Digital Mental Health Interventions: Systematic Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: van Lotringen Charlotte , Lusi Benedetta , Westerhof Gerben J , Ludden Geke D S , Kip Hanneke , Kelders Saskia M , Noordzij Matthijs L
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND

An essential value in mental health care is compassion: awareness of suffering, tolerating difficult feelings in the face of suffering, and acting or being motivated to alleviate suffering. Currently, technologies for mental health care are on the rise and could offer several advantages, such as more options for self-management by clients and more accessible and economically viable care. However, digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) have not been widely implemented in daily practice. Developing and evaluating DMHIs around important mental health care values, such as compassion, could be key for a better integration of technology in the mental health care context.

OBJECTIVE

This systematic scoping review explored the literature for previous instances where technology for mental health care has been linked to compassion or empathy to investigate how DMHIs can support compassion in mental health care.

METHODS

Searches were conducted in the PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, and screening by 2 reviewers resulted in 33 included articles. From these articles, we extracted the following data: technology types, goals, target groups, and roles of the technologies in the intervention; study designs; outcome measures; and the extent to which the technologies met a 5-step proposed definition of compassion.

RESULTS

We found 3 main ways in which technology can contribute to compassion in mental health care: by showing compassion to people, by enhancing self-compassion in people, or by facilitating compassion between people. However, none of the included technologies met all 5 elements of compassion nor were they evaluated in terms of compassion.

CONCLUSIONS

We discuss the potential of compassionate technology, its challenges, and the need to evaluate technology for mental health care on compassion. Our findings could contribute to the development of compassionate technology, in which elements of compassion are explicitly embedded in its design, use, and evaluation.
The levels of endothelin, renin, copeptin, testosterone, estradiol, osteocalcin and PIVKA-II in adolescents aged 17 years with newly diagnosed hypertension
Authors: Ivanko O.H. , Tovma A.V. , Patsera М.V. , Solyanyk О.V. , Krut О.S.
Published: September 2022

Background. The purpose of the work is to study the blood content of biologically active substances — peptides and hormones that can affect blood pressure and the development of hypertension, depending on the gender and disease course in adolescents aged 17 years by comparing them with healthy individuals. Materials and methods. There were examined 87 adolescents (37 boys and 50 girls) who were divided into 4 main groups with stable and labile hypertension and 2 control groups with normotension. All patients underwent daily blood pressure monitoring and a comprehensive clinical examination, which ruled out symptomatic hypertension. The serum concentrations of biologically active substances were determined, namely endothelin, renin, copeptin, testosterone, estradiol, osteocalcin and protein induced by vitamin K absence (PIVKA-II), by enzyme immunoassay. Results. It was found that the most important feature that distinguishes hypertensive adolescents from normotensive peers was renin, which serum concentrations were almost 1.5 times higher in boys with labile hypertension and twofold — with stable hypertension. Girls with stable hypertension had the same patterns, with a twofold increase in renin level. Regardless of hypertension course, female adolescents had higher endothelin levels. In addition, girls with stable hypertension had high serum content of PIVKA-II. Conclusions. The elevated serum renin level in boys and girls at late stages of puberty as an indicator of renal dysfunction can be considered an essential cause of hypertension development. Determining the importance of renal dysfunction with increased levels of vasopressor hormones directs therapeutic efforts in the treatment of adolescents with hypertension precisely to the correction of this link in the pathogenesis of juvenile hypertension.
Staphylococcus aureus infection in children: diagnosis and treatment in the context of antibiotic resistance spread
Authors: Bolbot Yu.K. , Bordii T.A. , Alifanova S.V. , Kalichevska M.V.
Published: September 2022

The emergence and rapid spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates in the world significantly complicated the treatment and changed the approaches to the diagnosis of staphylococcal infections in children. Staphylococcus aureus is a widespread microorganism dangerous for humans. A wide range of virulence factors the list of which is still being added allows it to quickly enter the body through damaged barriers and cause local and invasive infections, toxin-mediated diseases, as well as persist for a long time. Currently, two fundamentally different variants of MRSA are distinguished: health care-associated and community-acquired. Health care-associated MRSA are resistant to a greater number of antimicrobial agents, while community-acquired MRSA isolates are characterized by recurrent infections and a more severe course of invasive diseases. In addition, MRSA is gradually developing resistance to those antibacterial agents that were the basis of treatment for these infections, primarily clindamycin and vancomycin. All this requires global and regional monitoring of MRSA spread in different variants of staphylococcal infections and the sensitivity of the isolates found to antibiotics in order to optimize empiric and pathogen-specific antibacterial therapy. The article presents data on the activity of various antimicrobial agents against S.aureus, analyzes the available information on the prevalence of MRSA in Ukraine and the results of local monitoring for antibiotic resistance, which turned out to be unidirectional with global trends. Clinical and laboratory criteria for diagnosis of local staphylococcal infections, invasive and toxin-mediated diseases in childhood were presented. Treatment of S.aureus infections involves the necessary surgical interventions and antibacterial therapy considering current epidemiological situation on the spread of MRSA and their sensitivity to antimicrobial agents. Further studies are needed to determine the prevalence of MRSA in children in Ukraine to develop antibacterial therapy algorithms for various types of staphylococcal infections.
Telephone consultations of pediatric patients — how safe is it?
Authors: Mavropulo T.K. , Mokia-Serbina S.O.
Published: September 2022

Background. Telemedicine is defined as “the use of electronic information and communications technologies to provide and support health care when participants are separated” (Field M.J., 1998). The technologies range from standard telephone audio consultations to virtual reality scenarios. The accelerated uptake of telemedicine during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has resulted in valuable experience and evidence on the delivery of telemedicine for pediatric patients. Despite the well-documented benefits of telephone medicine in both triage and disease management, the complexity of medically related telephone communications leaves patients vulnerable to errors in management. The purpose of our work was to describe medical errors related to the use of the telephone during communication between the patient/parents of the patient and the doctor, and the means of countering these errors in pediatrics. Materials and methods. The PubMed Central® database was searched using the keywords “telemedicine”, “telephone consultation”, “pediatrics”, “children”, and “patient safety”. Results. According to literature, the main types of mistakes were absence of records of the virtual consultation episode, incorrect triage decisions, incorrect diagnosis, failure to recognize the potential seriousness of repeat calls, lack of telephone consultation protocols and insufficient patient information. Measures to increase patient safety were presented: the use of empirical rules and protocols, experience and intuition, taking into account the thoughts and wishes of parents, non-medical factors and the accessibility of health care for the family, the use of a “safety net”. Conclusions. Further researches that would examine specific ways of the delivering and use of telemedicine are needed to develop evidence-based guidelines for virtual pediatric care.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY EVALUATION OF KALANCHOE PINNATA (LAM.) PERS. FRESH LEAF JUICE
Authors: BHAVSAR SHRUTI , CHANDEL DIVYA
Published: September 2022

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties of Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. fresh leaf juice for standardized doses using different types of assays.
Methods: The investigation of the antioxidant activity was carried out for the previously standardized doses (by cytotoxicity and genotoxicity analysis) – 50 μl (low dose - LD) and 70 μl (high dose-HD) by Phosphomolybdenum (PM), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), 2, 2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, and 2, 2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity assays.
Results: The activity measured by PM assay for LD and HD of the extract was equivalent to 109 μg/ml and 141 μg/ml of ascorbic acid, respectively, while by FRAP assay, it was equivalent to 17.5 μg/ml and 47 μg/ml of ascorbic acid, respectively. The activity measured by DPPH assay was found equivalent to 83 μg/ml and 177.5 μg/ml of ascorbic acid for LD and HD, with the percent scavenging activity 4.55% and 17.04%, respectively. Similarly, the activity of LD and HD by ABTS assay was found equivalent to 277.5 μg/ml and 308 μg/ml of ascorbic acid with the percent scavenging activity 39.01% and 47.93%, respectively.
Conclusion: The changes observed in the absorbance values for all the assays reflected the increasing antioxidant activity of the plant extract in dose-dependent manner, which justifies the traditional use of this herb in prevention of diseases induced by oxidative stress. The antioxidant activity of K. pinnata fresh leaf juice has been conducted for the 1st time and has not been previously reported.
ANESTHETIC MANAGEMENT OF A PATIENT WITH FRACTURED CLAVICLE WITH PLATE IN SITU ROLE OF SITE-SPECIFIC NERVE BLOCK – A CASE REPORT
Authors: G JANANI , S PARTHASARATHY
Published: September 2022

Surgery of the clavicle with fixation of plate is being done more commonly in the recent years with an intention to give optimal functional outcomes. A repeat injury with broken clavicle with plate in situ is relatively rare. A 30-year-old 90 kg male with a BMI of 30 was posted for open reduction and fixation. There was no comorbid illness except a difficult airway. The routine investigations were normal. The plan was to administer Partha’s combo block as the patient was obese with difficult airway. There was laceration in the side of front of neck which was painful. An ultrasound-guided superficial cervical plexus block with 5 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine was given to block the side of front of neck and the skin in front of clavicle. This provided a pain-free needling of brachial plexus. The upper trunk of the brachial plexus was blocked with 8 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine. Another 15 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine was administered in the Clavipectoral fascia plane to knock out any possible failure of the above blocks. The presence of a plate and a previous scar made the block challenging. Three milliliters of 0.25% bupivacaine were used in the middle of chest to block the nerves from the other side. The surgery was uneventful and the duration was 2 h. Only 25 μg of intravenous fentanyl was used intraoperatively. This case report is presented for its rarity, where a non-virgin clavicle was fixed with combined site-specific blocks in an obese patient with difficult airway.