bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and incidence of presbyopia in urban Southern China
Authors: Han Xiaotong , Lee Pei Ying , Keel Stuart , He Mingguang
Published: January 2018

Aims

To investigate the prevalence and incidence of presbyopia in an urban Chinese population.

Methods

1817 subjects aged ≥35 years were identified by random cluster sampling in Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, China, at baseline in 2008, and all were invited for the follow-up examination in 2014. Distance and near visual acuity (VA) tests, as well as non-cycloplegic automated refraction were performed at each examination as per standardised protocol. Participants with presenting near VA ≤20/40 were further tested with add power at a standard distance of 40 cm to obtain their best-corrected near VA. Functional presbyopia was defined as near VA under presenting distance refraction correction of <20/50 and could be improved by at least one line with add power.

Results

A total of 1191 (83.5% of the 2014 follow-up) participants were included in the current analysis with a mean (SD) age of 50.4 (9.7) years, and 52.9% were female. Prevalence of functional presbyopia at baseline was 25.2% (95% CI 21.5 to 28.9) and the 6-year incidence was 42.8% (95% CI 39.4 to 50.1). Older and more hyperopic subjects had both higher prevalence and incidence of presbyopia (P<0.001). Average presbyopic correction coverage (PCC) was 87.7% at baseline and was significantly lower in myopic participants (P=0.006).

Conclusions

Prevalence of functional presbyopia in urban China is relatively lower along with a higher PCC compared with previous population-based rural cohorts. We identified a high presbyopia incidence, and further studies are needed to understand longitudinal presbyopia progression as well as the urban–rural gap in presbyopia to throw light on future strategic planning.
Clinical features of demyelinating optic neuritis with seropositive myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody in Chinese patients
Authors: Zhao Ying , Tan Shaoying , Chan Tommy Chung Yan , Xu Quangang , Zhao Jie , Teng Da , Fu Heyun , Wei Shihui
Published: January 2018

Background/aims

To investigate the clinical features of Chinese patients with seropositive myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-Ab) optic neuritis (ON) and patients with seropositive aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-Ab) ON.

Methods

In this retrospective observational study, sera from patients with demyelinating ON were tested for MOG-Ab and AQP4-Ab with a cell-based assay. Clinical characteristics were compared between MOG-Ab-related ON (MOG-ON) and AQP4-Ab-related ON (AQP4-ON), including visual performances, serum autoantibodies and features on MRI.

Results

A total of 109 affected eyes from 65 patients with demyelinating ON (20 MOG-ON and 45 AQP4-ON) were included. The onset age of MOG-ON was younger than AQP4-ON (MOG-ON: 20.2±17.4 years old, AQP4-ON: 35.6±15.7 years old, P=0.001). Onset severity was not different between these two groups (P=0.112), but patients with MOG-ON showed better visual outcomes (P=0.004). Half of the MOG-ON had a relapsing disease course. Nineteen per cent of patients with AQP4-ON presented coexisting autoimmune disorders, but there were no coexisting autoimmune disorders among patients with MOG-ON. Optic nerve head swelling was more prevalent in patients with MOG-ON (P<0.01). Retrobulbar segment involvement of the optic nerve were more common in patients with MOG-ON according to our MRI findings (P<0.01). Patients with MOG-ON showed longitudinally extensive lesion in 30% and chiasm and optic tract involvement in 5%.

Conclusions

MOG-ON is not rare in Chinese demyelinating patients. It underwent a severe vision loss at onset but had relatively better visual recovery than patients with AQP4-ON. MOG-ON might have an unique pathogenesis different from AQP4-ON.
How does the outcome of research training fellowships funded via the NHS compare with that from competitively funded fellowships from the MRC and other charities: a cross-sectional retrospective survey of trainees undertaking research training in the West Midlands
Authors: Maybury Charlotte , Morgan Matthew David , Smith Russell , Harper Lorraine
Published: January 2018

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the impact of research training funded via the National Health Service (NHS) on medical trainees compared with traditional clinical research training fellowships (CRTFs).

Design, setting and participants

Online survey of 221 clinical trainees who had completed a period of research during their clinical training between 2009 and 2015 in the West Midlands.

Main outcome measures

Research outcomes.

Results

Overall response rate was 59%, of whom 72 participants were funded by CRTFs and 51 funded by the NHS. Although participants with CRTFs were more likely to be awarded a higher degree compared with those on NHS-administered funding (66/72 CRTFs and 37/51 NHS, P=0.005), similar proportions of NHS-funded and CRTF-funded participants entered clinical lecturer posts on completing initial research training (8/51 NHS and 16/72 CRTF, P=0.37). 77% of participants had three or more publications (CRTF 57 and NHS 39, P=0.72). 57 participants had completed clinical training; similar proportions of CRTF-funded and NHS-funded trainees had research included in their consultant contract (12/22 NHS and 14/26 CRTF, P=0.96) or were appointed to academic posts (3 of 25 NHS funded and 6 of 32 CRTF, P>0.05). 95% of participants would recommend to colleagues and 82% of participants felt the research experience improved their provision of clinical care with no difference between CRTF-funded and NHS-funded participants (P=0.49). Continuing to participate in clinical work during the research reduced reports of trainee difficulty on returning to clinical work (23/108 continued clinical work vs 12/22 no clinical work, P=0.001).

Conclusion

Research training funded by the NHS provides a quality experience and contributes to the clinical academic capacity within the UK. More needs to be done to support NHS participants to successfully achieve a higher degree.
Analysis of conference abstract-to-publication rate in UK orthopaedic research
Authors: Collier Thomas , Roadley-Battin Michelle , Darlow Chloe , Chant Philip , Hing Caroline B , Smith Toby O
Published: January 2018

Presentation of research at orthopaedic conferences is an important component for surgical evidence-based practice. However, there remains uncertainty as to how many conference abstracts proceed to achieve full-text publication (FTP) for wider dissemination. This study aimed to determine the abstract-to-publication rate (APR) of research presented in the largest hip and knee orthopaedic meetings in the UK, and to identify predictive factors which influence the APR. All published abstracts (n=744) from the 2006, 2008, 2009 and 2010 British Hip Society (BHS) and the 2007, 2009, 2010 and 2011 British Association for Surgery of the Knee (BASK) annual conference meetings were examined by four researchers independently. To determine whether abstracts had been published in full-text form, Google Scholar, Medline and EMBASE evidence databases were used to verify FTP status. Variables including sample size, statistical significance, grade of the first author, research affiliated institution and research design were extracted and analysed to identify whether these were associated with FTP. 176 out of 744 abstracts achieved FTP status (APR: 23.7%). Factors associated with FTP status included statistically significant results (P<0.01) and research design (P=0.02). Factors not associated included sample size, grade of the first author and research affiliated institution (P>0.05). APRs of the assessed BHS and BASK annual conference presentations are low in comparison to other scientific meetings. Encouragement should be provided to clinicians and academics to submit their work for publication to address this short fall, thereby enhancing the potential for full-text research publications to inform evidence-based orthopaedics.
Interactive visualisation for interpreting diagnostic test accuracy study results
Authors: Fanshawe Thomas R , Power Michael , Graziadio Sara , Ordóñez-Mena José M , Simpson John , Allen Joy
Published: January 2018

Information about the performance of diagnostic tests is typically presented in the form of measures of test accuracy such as sensitivity and specificity. These measures may be difficult to translate directly into decisions about patient treatment, for which information presented in the form of probabilities of disease after a positive or a negative test result may be more useful. These probabilities depend on the prevalence of the disease, which is likely to vary between populations. This article aims to clarify the relationship between pre-test (prevalence) and post-test probabilities of disease, and presents two free, online interactive tools to illustrate this relationship. These tools allow probabilities of disease to be compared with decision thresholds above and below which different treatment decisions may be indicated. They are intended to help those involved in communicating information about diagnostic test performance and are likely to be of benefit when teaching these concepts. A substantive example is presented using C reactive protein as a diagnostic marker for bacterial infection in the older adult population. The tools may also be useful for manufacturers of clinical tests in planning product development, for authors of test evaluation studies to improve reporting and for users of test evaluations to facilitate interpretation and application of the results.
Neurosarcoidosis associated with intracerebral haemorrhage: a challenge in diagnosis and management
Authors: Maskery Mark Peter , Cooper Paul N , Pace Adrian
Published: January 2018

Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic multisystem granulomatous disorder of unknown cause. Nervous system involvement (central and/or peripheral) is uncommon, developing in 5%–10%. The presenting symptoms are variable, reflecting the level of involvement, and frequently fluctuate and progress. Diagnosing neurosarcoidosis in people with previously confirmed systemic disease may be relatively straightforward, but diagnosing primary neurosarcoidosis is challenging. Managing neurosarcoidosis is primarily consensus based; corticosteroid is its mainstay, alongside corticosteroid-sparing agents and emerging novel therapies. We describe a 39-year-old woman who presented with cranial neuropathy. Serial imaging, cerebrospinal fluid sampling and tissue biopsy gave a diagnosis of probable neurosarcoidosis. Her clinical course was complicated by intracerebral haemorrhage following intravenous corticosteroids for neurological relapse. This is a very rare complication of neurosarcoidosis; we discuss its possible causes and suggest ways to reduce its risk.
Effect of cluster set warm-up configurations on sprint performance in collegiate male soccer players
Authors: Nickerson Brett S. , Mangine Gerald T. , Williams Tyler D. , Martinez Ismael A.
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this study was to determine if back squat cluster sets (CS) with varying inter-repetition rest periods would potentiate greater sprint performance compared with a traditional set parallel back squat in collegiate soccer players. Twelve collegiate male soccer players (age, 21.0 ± 2.0 years; height, 180.0 ± 9.0 cm; body mass, 79.0 ± 9.5 kg) performed a 20-m sprint prior to a potentiation complex and at 1, 4, 7, and 10 min postexercise on 3 separate, randomized occasions. On each occasion, the potentiation complex consisted of 1 set of 3 repetitions at 85% 1-repetition maximum (1RM) for the traditional parallel back squat. However, on 1 occasion the 3-repetition set was performed in a traditional manner (i.e., continuously), whereas on the other 2 occasions, 30s (CS30) and 60 s (CS60) of rest were allotted between each repetition. Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed greater (p = 0.022) mean barbell velocity on CS60 compared with the traditional set. However, faster (p < 0.040) 20-m sprint times were observed for CS30 (3.15 ± 0.16 s) compared with traditional (3.20 ± 0.17 s) only at 10 min postexercise. No other differences were observed. These data suggest that a single cluster set of 3 repetitions with 30-s inter-repetition rest periods at 85% 1RM acutely improves 20-m sprinting performance. Strength and conditioning professionals and their athletes might consider its inclusion during the specific warm-up to acutely improve athletic performance during the onset (≤10 min) of training or competition.
Estimating shallow soil available water supply for Douglas-fir forests of the coastal Pacific Northwest: climate change impacts
Authors: Littke K.M. , Zabowski D. , Turnblom E. , Harrison R.B.
Published: January 2018

Douglas-fir forests of the coastal Pacific Northwest experience yearly summer droughts; however, the variation in shallow soil available water supply throughout the region is not well understood nor is the effect of future climate change. Soil moisture sensors were installed in 60 Douglas-fir plantation forests over 6 years. Stands were grouped by physiographic regions to describe differences in climate and available water supply. Monthly available water supply (MAWS) (0–50 cm) was calculated as the average daily available moisture content. MAWS was modeled using monthly climate variables, and the equation was then used to predict the change in MAWS due to mild, moderate, and severe climate change predictions. Regional monthly air temperature and precipitation were strongly predictive of MAWS. Mild to severe climate change are predicted to decrease yearly available water supply by 8% to 19%, while summer available water supply will decrease from 25% to 72%. The greatest decreases due to climate change will be found in the coastal regions of Washington and Oregon due to greater negative effects of temperature on available water supply. Climate change, especially the most severe predictions, was shown to have a sizeable effect on shallow soil available water supply in coastal Douglas-fir forests.
Size-dependent thermoelastic analysis of a functionally graded nanoshell
Authors: Arefi Mohammad , Zenkour Ashraf M.
Published: January 2018

In this paper, two-dimensional thermoelastic analysis of a functionally graded nanoshell is presented based on nonlocal elasticity theory. To formulate this problem, first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) is used for axial and radial deformations simultaneously. Material properties are assumed to be mixture of ceramic and metal based on a power law distribution. Principle of virtual work is used for derivation of the governing equations. The analytical approach is presented based on eigenvalue and eigenvector method to derive four unknown functions including radial and axial displacements and rotations along the longitudinal direction. In addition, the influence of nonlocal and in-homogeneous index parameter is studied on the responses of the system. Two-dimensional results are presented along the radial and longitudinal directions.
To What Extent do Quality of Education and Quality of Research Influence the Adoption of ICT by Companies?
Authors: Kafaji Mohammed
Published: January 2018

This paper aims to investigate the influence of education and research quality provided by local educational institutions on the innovative adoption of information and communication technology (ICT) by the workforce in Saudi Arabia. The study tests whether this influence is mediated by domestic competition and/or the level of ICT penetration. A model was developed and tested using data collected from 119 CEOs of foreign companies in diverse local business sectors. The data is analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results showed that educational quality exhibited a lesser contribution to the ICT adoption compared to research quality. These results are analyzed in terms of business environment, market constraints and pedagogical approaches in schools and universities.
INVESTIGATING THE SYNERGISTIC AND ANTAGONISTIC IMPACTS OF OUTCOME INTERDEPENDENCE, SHARED VISION AND TEAM REFLEXIVITY ON INNOVATION IN SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
Authors: KAKAR ADARSH KUMAR
Published: January 2018

Reflexivity, the extent to which teams reflect upon and modify their functioning, is widely considered a key factor for engendering team innovation. In this study, we propose that reflexivity is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for team innovation. Outcome interdependence, defined as the extent to which team members perceive that attainment of goals by their colleagues will facilitate their own goal achievement, and shared team vision, will moderate the effect of team reflexivity on team innovation. An empirical study with 332 team members of 34 software projects reveals that as predicted high outcome interdependence and shared team vision magnified the positive impacts of team reflexivity on team innovation. However, an increase in team reflexivity at low outcome interdependence and shared team vision had a negative impact on team innovation. Further, in general, agile software teams consistently demonstrated higher outcome interdependence and team reflexivity and thereby higher team innovation compared to teams adopting plan-driven methods of software development.
Novel regulator of vasopressin secretion: phoenixin
Authors: Gasparini Silvia , Stein Lauren M. , Loewen Spencer P. , Haddock Christopher J. , Soo Jasmine , Ferguson Alastair V. , Kolar Grant R. , Yosten Gina L. C. , Samson Willis K.
Published: January 2018

The newly described hypothalamic peptide, phoenixin, is produced in the hypothalamus and adenohypophysis, where it acts to control reproductive hormone secretion. Both phoenixin and its receptor GPR173 are expressed in the hypothalamic supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei, suggesting additional, nonreproductive effects of the peptide to control vasopressin (AVP) or oxytocin (OT) secretion. Hypothalamo-neurohypophysial explants released AVP but not OT in response to phoenixin. Intracerebroventricular administration of phoenixin into conscious, unrestrained male and female rats significantly increased circulating AVP, but not OT, levels in plasma, and it increased immediate early gene expression in the supraoptic nuclei of male rats. Bath application of phoenixin in hypothalamic slice preparations resulted in depolarization of PVN neurons, indicating a direct, neural action of phoenixin in the hypothalamus. Our results suggest that the newly described, hypothalamic peptide phoenixin, in addition to its effects on hypothalamic and pituitary mechanisms controlling reproduction, may contribute to the physiological mechanisms regulating fluid and electrolyte homeostasis.
Chronic nicotine exposure reduces klotho expression and triggers different renal and hemodynamic responses inklotho-haploinsufficient mice
Authors: Coelho Fernanda Oliveira , Jorge Lecticia Barbosa , de Bragança Viciana Ana Carolina , Sanches Talita R. , dos Santos Fernando , Helou Claudia M. B. , Irigoyen Maria Claudia , Kuro-o Makoto , Andrade Lucia
Published: January 2018

The klotho gene, which encodes a single-pass transmembrane protein and a secreted protein, is expressed predominantly by the distal renal tubules and is related to calcium phosphorus metabolism, ion channel regulation, intracellular signaling pathways, and longevity. Klotho deficiency aggravates acute kidney injury and renal fibrosis. Exposure to nicotine also worsens kidney injury. Here, we investigated renal Klotho protein expression in a mouse model of chronic (28-day) nicotine exposure, in which mice received nicotine or vehicle (saccharine) in drinking water, comparing wild-type (WT) mice, klotho-haploinsufficient ( kl/+) mice, and their respective controls, in terms of the effects of that exposure. Nicotine exposure was associated with a significant decline in renal Klotho expression in WT and kl/+ mice as well as a reduction in the glomerular filtration rate in WT mice. Although plasma electrolytes were similar among the groups, fractional excretion of sodium was reduced in both nicotine-exposed groups. The nicotine-WT mice presented augmented baroreflex sensitivity to nitroprusside and augmented sympathetic cardiac modulation. However, nicotine- kl/+ mice presented higher plasma levels of urea and aldosterone together with a higher α-index (spontaneous baroreflex) and higher peripheral sympathetic modulation, as evaluated by spectral analysis. We can conclude that nicotine downregulates Klotho expression as well as that renal and autonomic responses to nicotine exposure are modified in kl/+ mice.
Investigation on the Band Gap and Negative Properties of Concentric Ring Acoustic Metamaterial
Authors: Chen Meng , Meng Dan , Jiang Heng , Wang Yuren
Published: January 2018

The acoustic characteristics of 2D single‐oscillator, dual‐oscillator, and triple‐oscillator acoustic metamaterials were investigated based on concentric ring structures using the finite element method. For the single‐oscillator, dual‐oscillator, and triple‐oscillator models investigated here, the dipolar resonances of the scatterer always induce negative effective mass density, preventing waves from propagating in the structure, thus forming the band gap. As the number of oscillators increases, relative movements between the oscillators generate coupling effect; this increases the number of dipolar resonance modes, causes negative effective mass density in more frequency ranges, and increases the number of band gaps. It can be seen that the number of oscillators in the cell is closely related to the number of band gaps due to the coupling effect, when the filling rate is of a certain value.
Adenocarcinoma of the Colon Disguised as Abdominal Wall Abscess: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Attar L. , Trabulsi N. , Maghrabi A. A. , Nassif M.
Published: January 2018

Introduction. Abdominal wall invasion by cancerous cells arising from the colon with an overlying secondary infection that presents as an abdominal wall abscess has been encountered previously, but such a symptom is rarely the first presentation of colon cancer. There are very few cases reported in the literature. Case Presentation. In this case report, we present a case of a 66-year-old male presenting with abdominal wall abscess that was refractory to treatment. The patient later was found to have an abdominal wall invasion by an underlying colonic carcinoma. Conclusion. The purpose of this review is to set forth the proper approach when encountering such cases and emphasize on the significance of keeping a high index of suspicion. We also highlight the need for utilizing proper diagnostic imaging modalities prior to invasive intervention.
Ischemic Colitis in Sickle Cell Disease: A Case Report of a Diagnostic Challenge
Authors: Geary Kyle , Kibrit Jacob
Published: January 2018

Microvascular occlusion serves as the underlying mechanism for the multitude of clinical manifestations of sickle cell disease, one of the most prevalent hemoglobinopathies worldwide. Recurrent painful episodes are the hallmark of this condition. Abdominal pain attributed to an acute painful episode can be indistinguishable from a separate and/or more serious intra-abdominal disease process, representing a significant diagnostic dilemma for clinicians. Here we present a rare case of ischemic colitis due to vascular occlusion in a 28-year-old man with sickle cell disease.
An Improved Abstract State Machine Based Choreography Specification and Execution Algorithm for Semantic Web Services
Authors: Mehdipour Ataee Shahin , Bayram Zeki
Published: January 2018

We identify significant weaknesses in the original Abstract State Machine (ASM) based choreography algorithm of Web Service Modeling Ontology (WSMO), which make it impractical for use in semantic web service choreography engines. We present an improved algorithm which rectifies the weaknesses of the original algorithm, as well as a practical, fully functional choreography engine implementation in Flora-2 based on the improved algorithm. Our improvements to the choreography algorithm include (i) the linking of the initial state of the ASM to the precondition of the goal, (ii) the introduction of the concept of a final state in the execution of the ASM and its linking to the postcondition of the goal, and (iii) modification to the execution of the ASM so that it stops when the final state condition is satisfied by the current configuration of the machine. Our choreography engine takes as input semantic web service specifications written in the Flora-2 dialect of F-logic. Furthermore, we prove the equivalence of ASMs (evolving algebras) and evolving ontologies in the sense that one can simulate the other, a first in literature. Finally, we present a visual editor which facilitates the design and deployment of our F-logic based web service and goal specifications.
Copeptin as a Prognostic Marker in Acute Chest Pain and Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Morawiec Beata , Kawecki Damian , Przywara-Chowaniec Brygida , Opara Mariusz , Muzyk Piotr , Ho Lam , Tat Lui Chun , Gabrysiak Artur , Muller Olivier , Nowalany-Kozielska Ewa
Published: January 2018

Background. In patients admitted with chest pain and suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS), it is crucial to early identify those who are at higher risk of adverse events. The study aim was to assess the predictive value of copeptin in patients admitted to the emergency department with chest pain and nonconclusive ECG. Methods. Consecutive patients suspected for an ACS were enrolled prospectively. Copeptin and high-sensitive troponin T (hs-TnT) were measured at admission. Patients were followed up at six and 12 months for the occurrence of death and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). Results. Among 154 patients, 11 patients died and 26 experienced MACCE. Mortality was higher in copeptin-positive than copeptin-negative patients with no difference in the rate of MACCE. Copeptin reached the AUC 0.86 (0.75–0.97) for prognosis of mortality at six and 0.77 (0.65–0.88) at 12 months. It was higher than for hs-TnT and their combination at both time points. Copeptin was a strong predictor of mortality in the Cox analysis (HR14.1 at six and HR4.3 at 12 months). Conclusions. Copeptin appears to be an independent predictor of long-term mortality in a selected population of patients suspected for an ACS. The study registration number is ISRCTN14112941.
Prediction of Drifter Trajectory Using Evolutionary Computation
Authors: Nam Yong-Wook , Kim Yong-Hyuk
Published: January 2018

We used evolutionary computation to predict the trajectory of surface drifters. The data used to create the predictive model comprise the hourly position of the drifters, the flow and wind velocity at the location, and the location predicted by the MOHID model. In contrast to existing numerical models that use the Lagrangian method, we used an optimization algorithm to predict the trajectory. As the evaluation measure, a method that gives a better score as the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) when the difference between the predicted position in time and the actual position is lower and the Normalized Cumulative Lagrangian Separation (NCLS), which is widely used as a trajectory evaluation method of drifters, were used. The evolutionary methods Differential Evolution (DE), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES), and ensembles of the above were used, with the DE&PSO ensemble found to be the best prediction model. Considering our objective to find a parameter that minimizes the fitness function to identify the average of the difference between the predictive change and the actual change, this model yielded better results than the existing numerical model in three of the four cases used for the test data, at an average of 19.36% for MAE and 5.96% for NCLS. Thus, the model using the fitness function set in this study showed improved results in NCLS and thus shows that NCLS can be used sufficiently in the evaluation system.
A Transcriptional Sequencing Analysis of Islet Stellate Cell and Pancreatic Stellate Cell
Authors: Wang Xiaohang , Li Wei , Chen Juan , Zhao Sheng , Qiu Shanhu , Yin Han , Carvalho Vladmir , Zhou Yunting , Shi Ruifeng , Hu Jiannan , Li Shenyi , Nijiati Munire , Sun Zilin
Published: January 2018

Background. Our previous studies have shown that islet stellate cell (ISC), similar to pancreatic stellate cell (PSC) in phenotype and biological characters, may be responsible for the islet fibrosis in type 2 diabetes. To further identify the differences between PSC and ISC and for better understanding of the physiological function of ISC, we employed genome-wide transcriptional analysis on the PSCs and ISCs of Wistar rats. Method. PSCs and ISCs from each rat were primarily cultured at the same condition. Genome-wide transcriptional sequence of stellate cells was generated. The identified differentially expressed genes were validated using RT-PCR. Results. 32 significant differentially expressed genes between PSCs and ISCs were identified. Moreover, collagen type 11a1 (COL11A1), was found to be expressed 2.91-fold higher in ISCs compared with PSCs, indicating that COL11A1 might be a potential key gene modulating the differences between PSC and ISC. Conclusions. Our study identified and validated the differences between PSC and ISC in genome-wide transcriptional scale, confirming the assumption that ISC and PSC are similar other than identical. Moreover, our data might be instrumental for further investigation of ISC and islet fibrosis, and some differential expressed genes may provide an insight into new therapeutic targets for type 2 diabetes.
Nonoperative Management of Multiple Penetrating Cardiac and Colon Wounds from a Shotgun: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Jaramillo Paula M. , Montoya Jaime A. , Mejia David A. , Pereira Warr Salin
Published: January 2018

Introduction. Surgery for cardiac trauma is considered fatal and for wounds of the colon by associated sepsis is normally considered; however, conservative management of many traumatic lesions of different injured organs has progressed over the years. Presentation of the Case. A 65-year-old male patient presented with multiple shotgun wounds on the left upper limb, thorax, and abdomen. On evaluation, he was hemodynamically stable with normal sinus rhythm and normal blood pressure, no dyspnea, or abdominal pain. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest shows hematoma around the aorta without injury to the blood vessel wall with an intramyocardial projectile without pericardial effusion. CT scan of the abdomen showed pellets in the transverse colon and descending colon endoluminal without extravasation of contrast medium or intra-abdominal fluid. The patient remains hemodynamically stable, and nonsurgical procedure was established. Discussion. Patients with asymptomatic intramyocardial projectiles can be safely managed without surgery. Nonsurgical management is only possible in asymptomatic patients with trauma of the colon through close surveillance and with very selective patients since standard management is surgery. Conclusion. Nonsurgical management of cardiac trauma, as well as colon penetrating trauma, can be performed in carefully selected patients with proper clinical follow-up, imaging, and laboratory studies.
Modification of Aluminium 6063 Microstructure by Adding Boron and Titanium to Improve the Thermal Conductivity
Authors: Shaira Maher , Yousef Suleiman
Published: January 2018

This study aimed to improve the thermal conductivity of the Aluminium 6063 for heat sinks applications used in Central Processing Unit (CPU) of computers. Several studies had used different additional elements for this goal. In this paper, we studied the influence of Titanium and Boron addition on the thermal conductivity of Aluminium 6063. Several casting alloys samples were prepared with different percentage of addition elements and then heat-treated by homogenization and aging treatments. The results showed an important modification in thermal conductivity value per rapport to the reference metal, depending on the element of addition and its percentage. The bigger evolution was by using Boron in small percentage. More than 13% of the improvement was realized in the thermal conductivity with the addition of only 0.05% of Boron.
Percutaneous Intraductal Radiofrequency Ablation for Malignant Biliary Obstruction Caused by Recurrence and Metastasis after Primary Tumor Resection
Authors: Cui Wei , Fan Wenzhe , Lu Mingjian , Zhang Yingqiang , Yao Wang , Wang Yu , Li Jiaping
Published: January 2018

Background: To assess the feasibility and safety of percutaneous intraductal radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for malignant biliary obstruction caused by recurrence and metastasis after primary tumor resection. Patients and Methods: Percutaneous intraductal biliary RFA and stent placement were performed in 19 consecutive patients with 24 RFA procedures. Procedure-related complications, stent patency, and survival after treatment were investigated. Results: During 30 days after each RFA procedure there was no 30-day mortality, hemorrhage, bile duct perforation, or pancreatitis. Of the 19 patients, 2 are still alive and 17 are dead with a median survival time of 6.0 (range 1.2-16) months and a median stent patency of 3.2 (range 1.2-14) months. 10 patients had their stent patent at the time of last follow-up or death. 3 patients with stent blockage at 50, 182, and 200 days post procedure underwent repeat ablation. 1 patient with stent blockage underwent 2 repeat RFA procedures at 192 days after the first ablation and at 86 days after the repeat ablation. Conclusion: Percutaneous intraductal RFA is a technically safe and feasible therapeutic option for palliative treatment of these selected patients.
Fecal Microbiome and Food Allergy in Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study
Authors: Fieten Karin B. , Totté Joan E.E. , Levin Evgeni , Reyman Marta , Meijer Yolanda , Knulst André , Schuren Frank , Pasmans Suzanne G.M.A.
Published: January 2018

Background: Exposure to microbes may be important in the development of atopic disease. Atopic diseases have been associated with specific characteristics of the intestinal microbiome. The link between intestinal microbiota and food allergy has rarely been studied, and the gold standard for diagnosing food allergy (double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge [DBPCFC]) has seldom been used. We aimed to distinguish fecal microbial signatures for food allergy in children with atopic dermatitis (AD). Methods: Pediatric patients with AD, with and without food allergy, were included in this cross-sectional observational pilot study. AD was diagnosed according to the UK Working Party criteria. Food allergy was defined as a positive DBPCFC or a convincing clinical history, in combination with sensitization to the relevant food allergen. Fecal samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA microbial analysis. Microbial signature species, discriminating between the presence and absence food allergy, were selected by elastic net regression. Results: Eighty-two children with AD (39 girls) with a median age of 2.5 years, and 20 of whom were diagnosed with food allergy, provided fecal samples. Food allergy to peanut and cow's milk was the most common. Six bacterial species from the fecal microbiome were identified, that, when combined, distinguished between children with and without food allergy: Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Escherichia coli, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and Akkermansia muciniphila (AUC 0.83, sensitivity 0.77, specificity 0.80). Conclusions: In this pilot study, we identified a microbial signature in children with AD that discriminates between the absence and presence of food allergy. Future studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Clinical Course of Histologically Proven Multifocal Micronodular Pneumocyte Hyperplasia in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: A Case Series and Comparison with Lymphangiomyomatosis
Authors: Konno Satoshi , Shigemura Masahiko , Ogi Takahiro , Shimizu Kaoruko , Suzuki Masaru , Kaga Kichizo , Hida Yasuhiro , Matsuno Yoshihiro , Nishimura Masaharu
Published: January 2018

Background: Multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia (MMPH) is a rare pulmonary manifestation of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Because of its rarity, no previous study has described the detailed clinical course of this disease. Objectives: This study aimed to clarify the longitudinal clinical characteristics of subjects with MMPH. Methods: Nine patients with MMPH diagnosed at Hokkaido University Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Changes in computed tomography findings and pulmonary function were compared during the follow-up period. Serum levels of KL-6, surfactant protein (SP)-A, and SP-D were measured to clarify their potentials as blood biomarkers of the disease. Fourteen cases of lymphangiomyomatosis (LAM) were also included to compare their clinical characteristics with those of subjects with MMPH. Results: Of the 9 patients, 7 were female and 2 were male. The median age at diagnosis was 43 years (range, 19–56), and all cases were diagnosed following incidental abnormal radiographic findings. During the follow-up, 1 patient died of lung cancer, but others were radiographically stable and had stable pulmonary function. Serum levels of SP-A in 5 patients (mean, 146.4 ng/mL) and SP-D in 6 patients (mean, 337.3 ng/mL) were elevated in subjects with MMPH, whereas KL-6 levels were within the reference range (mean, 230 U/mL) in all patients. Levels of SP-A and SP-D were significantly higher in subjects with MMPH than those with LAM (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Radiographic findings and pulmonary function were stable in all cases of MMPH. Serum SP-A and SP-D, but not KL-6, may be useful markers for suspicion of the presence of MMPH in patients with TSC.
Science Fiction im Werk von Friedrich Dürrenmatt
Authors: Pereira Valeria Sabrina
Published: January 2018

Neben seinen Theaterstücken ist Friedrich Dürrenmatt bekannt für seine Ausflüge in die Detektivgeschichte, bei denen der Autor mit den Grenzen des Genres spielte; dem Roman Das Versprechen gab er sogar den Untertitel Requiem auf den Kriminalroman. Weniger bekannt ist, dass er auch Texte publizierte, die von der Science Fiction inspiriert sind: das Hörspiel Das Unternehmen der Wega (1954), und zwei Erzählungen, "Der Winterkrieg in Tibet" (1981) und "Der Versuch" (posthum, 1992). Wie in seinem Werk überhaupt, bedient sich Dürrenmatt auch hier der Ironie und des Sarkasmus, aber nur im Hörspiel ist die Science Fiction selbst Ziel der Satire und impliziert eine Distanzierung vom Unterhaltungsgenre. In den Erzählungen dagegen werden die Gattung bzw. einige ihrer Eigenschaften gebraucht, um die vom Autor beabsichtigte Sozialkritik zu formulieren. In diesem Artikel wird diskutiert, wie die genannten Werke die Beziehung des Autors zur Science Fiction und zum Zukunftsroman spiegeln, der älteren deutschsprachigen Variante der Gattung, die bis zur Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts das 'nationale' Genre bildete.
Traumland: um sonho desfeito
Authors: Moosburger Laura
Published: January 2018

O intuito deste trabalho é destacar a importância do escrito juvenil Traumland para a formação do poeta Georg Trakl, por meio de uma leitura cerrada do texto. Sob a forma de uma lembrança do narrador, esse breve relato apresenta uma experiência de iniciação ou perda da inocência oriunda da percepção do mal no mundo, concentrado na figura de uma prima doente, Maria. O conflito entre o anseio romântico (Sehnsucht) pleno de expectativas e entusiasmo e essa realidade aterradora, vivenciado como uma quebra no sentimento (Stimmung) de harmonia cósmica, impulsiona uma transformação no sentimento e na visão de mundo do protagonista, que metaforicamente pode ser lida como a transição de uma poética puramente romântica para uma poética mais sintonizada com as exigências do século XX, especialmente no sentido da dimensão reconhecida ao mal irremediável, que não pode ser completamente romantizado.
Trained Innate Immunity as a Novel Mechanism Linking Infection and the Development of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Leentjens Jenneke , Bekkering Siroon , Joosten Leo A.B. , Netea Mihai G. , Burgner David P. , Riksen Niels P.
Published: January 2018

Rationale:

There is strong epidemiological evidence for an association between acute and chronic infections and the occurrence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. Monocyte-derived macrophages are the most abundant immune cells in atherosclerotic plaques. It has recently been established that monocytes/macrophages can develop a long-lasting proinflammatory phenotype after brief stimulation with micro-organisms or microbial products, which has been termed trained immunity.

Objective:

The aim of this study is to assess whether trained immunity mediates the link between infections and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Methods and Results:

Brief exposure of monocytes to various micro-organisms results in the development of macrophages with a persistent proinflammatory phenotype: this represents a de facto nonspecific innate immune memory, which has been termed trained immunity. This is mediated by epigenetic reprogramming at the level of histone methylation and a profound rewiring of intracellular metabolism. Although this mechanism offers powerful protection against reinfection, trained macrophages display an atherogenic phenotype in terms of cytokine production and foam cell formation. Trained monocytes are present up to 3 months after experimental infection in humans. Moreover, a trained immunity phenotype is present in patients with established atherosclerosis.

Conclusions:

We propose that trained immunity provides the missing mechanistic link that explains the association between infections and atherosclerosis. Therefore, pharmacological modulation of trained immunity has the potential to prevent infection-related atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the future.
A synopsis of the Euphaeidae (Odonata: Zygoptera) of Vietnam, with descriptions of two new species of Euphaea
Authors: PHAN QUOC TOAN , KOMPIER TOM , KARUBE HARUKI , HAYASHI FUMIO
Published: January 2018

23 species of Euphaeidae (Odonata: Zygoptera) are reported from Vietnam including two new species of Euphaea, E. saola Phan & Hayashi, sp. nov. and E. sanguinea Kompier & Hayashi, sp. nov., and four species not recorded previously, Bayadera continentalis Asahina, 1973, B. hyalina Selys, 1879, B. nephelopennis Davies & Yang, 1996 and Euphaea pahyapi Hämäläinen, 1985. The females of Anisopleura bipugio Hämäläinen & Karube, 2013, Bayadera serrata Davies & Yang, 1996 and Euphaea hirta Hämäläinen & Karube, 2001 are described for the first time. The mutual taxonomic status of Bayadera hyalina and B. strigata Davies & Yang, 1996 is discussed. Distribution maps of all known Vietnamese species, with detailed distribution records, are provided.
Detection of Intense Ice Precipitation with GPM/DPR
Authors: Iguchi Toshio , Kawamoto Nozomi , Oki Riko
Published: January 2018

Detection of ice precipitation is one of the objectives in the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission. The dual-frequency precipitation radar (DPR) can provide precipitation echoes at two different frequencies, which may enable differentiating solid precipitation echoes from liquid precipitation echoes. A simple algorithm that flags the pixels that contain intense ice precipitation above the height of C is implemented in version 5 of the DPR products. In the inner swath of DPR measurements in which both Ku- and Ka-band radar echoes are available, the measured dual-frequency ratio () together with the measured radar reflectivity factor is used to judge the existence of intense ice precipitation. Comparisons of the flagged pixels with surface measurements show that the algorithm correctly identifies relatively intense ice precipitation regions. The global distribution of the flagged pixels indicates an interesting difference between land and ocean, in particular in the distribution of ice precipitation that reaches the surface. The flag is also expected to be useful for improving precipitation retrieval algorithms by microwave radiometers.
Occupational needs and priorities of women experiencing homelessness
Authors: Salsi Sofia , Awadallah Yara , Leclair Aurélie B. , Breault Marie-Lyse , Duong Dan-Tam , Roy Laurence
Published: January 2018

Background.

Women in unstable housing or who are homeless experience disruptions of occupational engagement and performance. Little is known about their perspective on their occupational needs and priorities.

Purpose.

This study aimed to determine how patterns of occupational engagement and performance are facilitated or hindered by personal factors and resources available to sheltered women.

Method.

A participatory, descriptive mixed-methods study design was used. Twenty-one residents were interviewed using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, the Goal Attainment Scale, and a time-use inventory. Nineteen residents participated in semistructured qualitative interviews. Qualitative data were analysed using interpretive description.

Findings.

Participants spent most time on sleep and passive leisure and identified occupational performance issues and goals related to active leisure and employment. Participants’ occupational lives were described as transitional journeys comprising five subthemes: seeking safety and stability, being sheltered, shaping one’s identity, developing resilience, and engaging in contemplation, contribution, and connectedness through occupation.

Implications.

Trauma-informed and strengths-based approaches are recommended for this population. Future research should study the implementation of occupation-based interventions in community settings.
Difficult (Re-)Alignments – Comparative Perspectives on Social Democracy and Religion from Late-nineteenth century to Interwar Germany and Britain
Authors: Berger Stefan
Published: January 2018

The attitudes of British and German socialists vis-a-vis religion before the First World War has been described by one of the most eminent scholars in the field of the history of religion, Hugh McLeod, as being diametrically opposed – German socialists were largely secular, irreligious and anti-clerical whereas within British socialism, Christianity, especially dissenting Protestantism, was a far more important streak. In this article I would like to modulate the stark contrast contained in this commonly held view by looking at a slightly different time frame than McLeod, and by emphasizing more the ambiguities and uncertainties of that relationship between socialism and religion in both countries. It shall be argued that a longer-term positive relationship between religion and socialism in Britain can be juxtaposed with a rapprochement between the forces of religion and socialism in interwar Germany. Hence the article will provide a cross-country diachronic comparison of the relationship between religion and socialism in Britain and Germany. It will highlight, in particular, a common utopianism of religion and socialism, that could also be called utopianism of the social ethics of the Sermon on the Mount; attempts to forge socialism as new religion shall be examined on the subsequent pages.