bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cultural Identity in Claudia Llosa’s The milk of sorrow
Authors: Gómez Leticia
Published: February 2015

Focusing on the main character Fausta in the film The milk of sorrow / La teta asustada by Claudia Llosa, this article applies a narratological and postcolonial queer analysis to the process of Fausta’s identity creation to reveal in the text certain cultural identity negotiations. It is suggested that by means of the representation of cultural identity, a critique is posed to the current (un)balance of power that is directly relatable to coloniality. The study concludes that cultural identity is based on character(s)-construction and their relation to chronotopes, i.e. representations of temporal and spatial categories or ‘time-space’. It is also suggested that the text questions traditional models of power, although the critique is less potent in parts of the text.
Deixis in Musical Narrative
Authors: Reybrouck Mark
Published: February 2015

This paper conceives of music as discourse. It elaborates on the deictic concept of pointing as a heuristic guide for sense-making and stresses the role of focal attention as a means for singling out those elements that are denoted as being meaningful. Three aspects are discussed: the delimitation of the elements (which elements?), the mutual relations of these elements (the structure of the music) and the mental operations of the listener (narrative comprehension). To the extent that all these aspects can be organized in a kind of overall mental apprehension, it is possible to explore the possibilities of cognitive maps as organizational tools for musical sense-making, both as the result of sensory experience and cognitive processing by the listener.
Cross-media Integration of Literature and Dance
Authors: Ling Yu
Published: February 2015

Creative artists can achieve cross-media integration of literature and dance. Blood Carmen, the novel by Hong Kong writer Huang Biyun, combines the rhythm and beat of literature with that of flamenco dance into a unified whole, tapping out a unique artistic work. First, the form of dance is blended into the form of language in order to create a unified, dynamic narrative. Second, literary style is blended with the style of dance. Third, the author, through her portrayal of the dancers’ lives, expertly evokes aspects of the unspeakable pain life often brings. Huang Biyun’s own soul resonates with flamenco, and from this deep, personal experience she has given us new possibilities for the cross-media narrative.
Clinical benefit of measuring both haemoglobin and transferrin concentrations in faeces: demonstration during a large-scale colorectal cancer screening trial in Japan
Authors: Takashima Yoshinori , Shimada Takao , Yokozawa Tamotsu
Published: February 2015

Background: While the faecal immunochemical test for haemoglobin (FIT) is an important screening tool to detect gastrointestinal bleeding, false-negative cases resulting from the enterobacterial degradation of haemoglobin (Hb) have emerged. When faecal Hb tests have given false-negative results, it is considered that digestive bleeding diseases can be detected by measuring faecal transferrin (Tf), which is less susceptible to enterobacterial degradation. This study evaluated the benefit of measuring both Hb and Tf as markers of blood in the faeces during a large-scale colorectal cancer screening trial in Japan.

Methods: We screened 12,255 participants, i.e., 8223 men and 4032 women, for faecal Hb and Tf using a Discrete Clinical Chemistry Analyser NS-Plus C15 system.

Results: Among the 1232 participants with positive test results for blood, 417 were detected based solely on Tf, which increased the positive rate from 6.7% to 10.1%. The Hb and Tf concentrations were not correlated directly, thereby suggesting that Tf can detect a positive group that differs from that detected based on Hb. The positive rate for Tf alone was significantly higher in women (4.9%) compared with men (2.7%) (p<0.0001), which may be explained by the significantly higher constipation complaint rate in the Tf-positive group compared with the haemoglobin-only-positive group (p=0.0069).

Conclusions: The results of this large-scale colorectal cancer screening study suggest that analysing both Hb and Tf using an NS-Plus system should be beneficial for subjects who are missed by conventional Hb testing alone.
One-pot synthesis of β-amino carbonyl compounds catalyzed silica supported phenylphosphinic acid
Authors: Liu Di , Zhang Jingwei , Zhang Chi , Kou Xiaoyan
Published: February 2015

A simple and facile synthesis of β-amino carbonyl compounds was developed by the one-pot condensation of cyclohexanone, aromatic aldehydes and anilines at 25°C in the presence of silica supported phenylphosphinic acid. β-Amino carbonyl compounds were obtained in moderate to good yields and reasonable diastereoselectivities. This method has the advantages of short reaction time, mild reaction conditions, reusable catalyst, cost efficiency and environment friendly. In addition, acetophenone and aliphatic ketones as reactants were investigated.
Transcriptional and translational mechanisms contribute to regulate the expression of Discs Large 1 protein during different biological processes
Authors: Marziali Federico , Cavatorta Ana Laura , Valdano Marina Bugnon , Facciuto Florencia , Gardiol Daniela
Published: February 2015

Human discs large (DLG1) has been demonstrated to be involved in cell polarity and maintenance of tissue architecture. However, the mechanisms controlling DLG1 expression are not fully understood. This is relevant as DLG1 is lost during the later stages of malignant progression. We initiated a series of studies to analyse the mechanisms regulating DLG1 expression. We have previously reported the identification of an alternative splicing event in the 5′ untranslated region (5′-UTR) of DLG1 mRNA that generates transcripts with two different 5′-UTR (short and large 5′-UTR variants). In this study, we further examined the impact of the DLG1 transcription and the role of the differential expression of the alternative 5′-UTRs on DLG1 protein levels. We analysed these mechanisms during cell processes like differentiation, cell cycle progression and cell-cell contact formation, where the importance of DLG1 activities was previously established. The data presented in this report suggest that the transcriptional regulation of DLG1 strongly contributes to DLG1 abundance and that differential expression of alternative 5′-UTRs with different translational properties, also cooperates, depending on the cell type and cell situation. This study provides new evidence for understanding the transcriptional regulation of DLG1 and the changes in DLG1 expression during different biological processes.
Purification and characterisation of recombinant His-tagged RgpB gingipain from Porphymonas gingivalis
Authors: Veillard Florian , Potempa Barbara , Guo Yonghua , Ksiazek Miroslaw , Sztukowska Maryta N. , Houston John A. , Koneru Lahari , Nguyen Ky-Anh , Potempa Jan
Published: February 2015

Gingipain proteases are important virulence factors from the periodontal pathogenPorphyromonas gingivalisand are the target of manyin vitrostudies. Due to their close biochemical properties, purification of individual gingipains is difficult and requires multiple chromatographic steps. In this study, we demonstrate that insertion of a hexahistidine affinity tag upstream of a C-terminal outer membrane translocation signal in RgpB gingipain leads to the secretion of a soluble, mature form of RgpB bearing the affinity tag that can easily be purified by nickel-chelating affinity chromatography. The final product obtained high yielding high purity is biochemically indistinguishable from the native RgpB enzyme.
“Some Species of Contrasts”: British Graphic Satire, the French Revolution, and the Humor of Horror
Authors: Lahikainen Amanda
Published: February 2015

Partly in response to the French Revolution, British political satirists in the 1790s re-imagined some visual techniques found in earlier European graphic art, including contrast, incongruity, and distortion, but with the addition of irony and violence. These satires demonstrate the deep structural similarity of humor with emotions often considered its opposites, such as horror, fear, and disgust, and visualize a phenomenon that was also theorized by philosophers of incongruity such as Joseph Priestley and Francis Hutcheson. The humor of art-horror grew in both theory and practice during the latter half of the eighteenth century and indicates the importance of incongruity in assessing modern life. These satires exemplify an obsession with death and offer an important precedent for modern political satires that engage violence and victimization for humorous effect. Extreme incongruity invites a range of different viewer responses and gives modern satire an uneasy edge.
Radical Clowning: Challenging Militarism through Play and Otherness
Authors: Sørensen Majken Jul
Published: February 2015

During the last decade, radical clowning has become an increasingly popular tactic among participants in the global justice movement in the western world. In order to discuss how radical clowns differ from conventional clowns and what they have in common, radical clowning can be interpreted through the lenses of clown theory and the four concepts of play, otherness, incompetence, and ridicule. Ethnographic data from the Swedish anti-militarist network Ofog reveals how play and otherness contribute to radical clowns’ attempts to communicate nonviolent values, negotiate space, and recognize the human in the other. The findings demonstrate one way that humor can be rebellious and challenge established relations of power.
A New Electromagnetic Heating Method to Study Spray Cooling
Authors: Huerta-Larumbe M.E. , Acosta-González F.A.
Published: February 2015

This work shows measured heat fluxes that are removed by air-mist jets under steady-state conditions from different metallic surfaces at temperatures up to 1,200°C. A sample disk is subjected simultaneously to induction heating and spray cooling. In order to reach a set-point temperature for the disk, a digital controller adjusts the power delivered by a 5 kW high-frequency generator to compensate the heat removed by the spray. The heat flux removed by the impinging jet is determined from the measured values of coil current and disk temperature, and from the coupled numerical solution of the Maxwell’s equations together with the heat conduction equation. This method determines heat fluxes within 10% uncertainty. The obtained boiling curves for Pt, Ni and Inconel show that heat flux is described by a single curve in the stable film boiling regime for these metals.
Is Personal Injury Law Personal?
Authors: Sinel Zoë
Published: February 2015

This essay responds to Jeffrey O’Connell’s critique of fault-based tort liability. Behind O’Connell’s argument for no-fault liability lies the notion that “accidents” simply happen and no one is to blame for them. This idea can be seen as a species of philosophical arguments surrounding the perceived unfairness of moral luck. In reply, this essay outlines several responses to moral luck, ultimately siding with a position that accommodates both the apparent randomness of accidents with a coherent justification for personal legal responsibility. The essay’s position, however, assumes an answer to the precise feature of tort law that O’Connell found problematic and unjustified, namely, that
Los cuestores republicanos. Origen, funciones y analogías
Authors: Muñiz Coello Joaquin
Published: February 2015

Las fuentes de la cuestura son escasas sobre su origen y confusas sobre la analogía de las actividades que desempeñaron a lo largo de la República. Esta percepción ha determinado una parte de la opinión de los investigadores, que se manifiestan incapaces de establecer los vínculos entre las funciones desempeñadas. En este trabajo analizamos esos posibles nexos y la información sobre las funciones en la investigación de delitos, en el erario y junto a los magistrados, a lo largo de la República.
Template-directed nonenzymatic oligonucleotide synthesis: lessons from synthetic chemistry
Authors: Fahrenbach Albert C.
Published: February 2015

The nonenzymatic synthesis of nucleic acids, in particular, RNA, and the template-directed synthesis of artificial organic molecules, such as macrocycles, catenanes and rotaxanes, have both undergone significant development since the last half of the 20th century. The intersection of these two fields affords insights into how template effects can lead to information copying and storage at the molecular level. Mechanistic examples of model template-directed RNA replication experiments as well as those for totally artificial organic template-directed syntheses will be discussed. The fact that templates typically bind to their reacted products more tightly than their unreacted substrates may be a mechanistic feature necessary to store information in the form of nucleic acids. Understanding the mechanisms of nonenzymatic RNA synthesis is not only essential for testing the RNA world hypothesis in the context of the origin of life on Earth and other planetary bodies, but may one day afford chemists the insights to construct their own artificial molecular replicators.
Towards novel wound dressings: antibacterial properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles and electrospun fiber mats of zinc oxide nanoparticle/poly(vinyl alcohol) hybrids
Authors: Jamnongkan Tongsai , Sukumaran Sathish K. , Sugimoto Masataka , Hara Tomijiro , Takatsuka Yumiko , Koyama Kiyohito
Published: February 2015

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles possess antibacterial properties. Being less toxic to humans than silver, they are attractive as antibacterial agents in biomedical applications. In this study, we focus on the influence of the size of ZnO nanoparticles on their antibacterial action against strains of three bacteria: one Gram-negative, Escherichia coli and two Gram-positive, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterial efficacy of the nanoparticles increases with decreasing particle size. A major contributor to antibacterial action is the oxidative stress induced by the ZnO. To understand the relationship between antibacterial action and induced oxidative stress, we measured the dependence of the nanoparticle diameter on H2O2 concentration. Even at a fixed nanoparticle concentration, the H2O2 concentration increased with decreasing nanoparticle diameter. This is qualitatively similar to the dependence of the antibacterial activity on the nanoparticle diameter. In addition, in the presence of ZnO nanoparticles, we detected increased quantities of endogenous H2O2 in the E. coli. For use as antibacterial wound dressings, we fabricated nonwoven fiber mats from poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/ZnO nanoparticle suspensions. The antibacterial efficacy of the PVA/ZnO electrospun fiber mats also increased with a decrease in the diameter and an increase in the concentration of the ZnO nanoparticles.
GenePEN: analysis of network activity alterations in complex diseases via the pairwise elastic net
Authors: Vlassis Nikos , Glaab Enrico
Published: February 2015

Complex diseases are often characterized by coordinated expression alterations of genes and proteins which are grouped together in a molecular network. Identifying such interconnected and jointly altered gene/protein groups from functional omics data and a given molecular interaction network is a key challenge in bioinformatics. We describe GenePEN, a penalized logistic regression approach for sample classification via convex optimization, using a newly designed Pairwise Elastic Net penalty that favors the selection of discriminative genes/proteins according to their connectedness in a molecular interaction graph. An efficient implementation of the method finds provably optimal solutions on high-dimensional omics data in a few seconds and is freely available at
Corporate Fiduciary Duties and Prudential Regulation of Financial Institutions
Authors: Iacobucci Edward M.
Published: February 2015

While corporate fiduciary duties in many jurisdictions are generally understood to be owed to shareholders, recent Canadian Supreme Court cases have held that directors owe their duties to the corporation, period, not to shareholders or any other stakeholders. This development has introduced significant indeterminacy to the law since it is not clear what such a conception of the duty requires. The Supreme Court did, however, make one clear statement: it held that directors owe a fiduciary duty to ensure that their corporations obey statutory law. Such a duty encourages compliance with law, but may over-encourage compliance: individual directors do not necessarily gain personally from legal breaches, but may lose personally from them because of fiduciary liability, so they will have excessively strong incentives to avoid such breaches. The Article connects the fiduciary duty to obey law with recent developments in financial regulation that have increased the obligations on directors of financial institutions to oversee risk. By requiring directors to be engaged with risk at a governance level, regulators have enhanced the probability that directors will face liability under their fiduciary duties if their institutions do not comply with financial regulations. As the Article explains, the policy tradeoff between enhanced compliance benefits and over-compliance costs of fiduciary liability is different in the context of financial regulation from that in other settings. For example, significant corporate penalties, as opposed to penalties borne by individual directors, may be inconsistent with the prudential goals of regulation, perhaps because of toobig- to-fail concerns. The fiduciary duty to cause the corporation to obey financial regulation, and a stricter application of this duty than the highly deferential standard that exists in Delaware law, has advantages that do not exist in other legal and regulatory contexts.
Self-Selection and Heterogeneity in Firms’ Choice of Corporate Law
Authors: Barzuza Michal
Published: February 2015

Firms’ choice of legal regime is not uniform. Despite Delaware’s significant advantages and success in attracting corporations, many firms still choose to incorporate in their home state, and some firms incorporate in a third state, most notably Nevada. Several factors - lawyers’ advice, political influence in the home state, and relative costs of out of state incorporation - were identified as contributing to these patterns. Yet none of these factors neither their combination, fully account for firms’ choices. This Article suggests that unidentified heterogeneity, potentially in managers’ preferences for legal protection, might have contributed to, and could help in explaining, these patterns. Among other factors, this heterogeneity could result, for example, from variations in market forces and, in turn, private benefits that managers extract.

Introducing heterogeneity in managers’ preferences, this Article suggests that managers that share a relatively strong preference for insider protection should be less inclined to incorporate in Delaware, and more inclined to incorporate in their home state where they have political clout, or in Nevada if their strong preference for protection is not satisfied in their home state. The analysis is too preliminary for normative implications to be derived, rather the Article suggests that more research into firms’ heterogeneity and their choice of law could prove valuable.
Pyramidic Mesophases
Authors: Zimmermann H. , Poupko R. , Luz Z. , Billard J.
Published: February 2015

Two series of mesogenic compounds consisting of a rigid pyramidal central core and six equal flexible side chains were synthesized and their mesomorphic properties studied by calorimetry and optical microscopy. The two series of compounds are: I-hexaalkyloxytribenzocyclononene and II-hexaalkanoyloxytribenzocyclononene. In series I, enantiotropic mesophases appear for homologues in which the number, n, of carbon atoms in each side chain is equal or larger than six, while for series II mesomorphism is exhibited for all the compounds studied (8- 15). Some of these exhibit dimorphism (i.e. I-11 and II-12 to II-14) and even trimorphism (II-11). In total Five different mesophases are identified in both series. Several of these are stable at room temperature. Optical measurements indicate that they are not layered, they appear to be columnar. Due to the pyramidal shape of the central core of the constituent molecules special molecular arrangements for these mesophases are possible. It is suggested to call them pyramidic mesophases.
A Phenomenological Theory of Gravitation Based on a Generalization of the Special Relativistic Energy Aspect
Authors: Spieweck Frank
Published: February 2015

The special relativistic time dilatation and length contraction formulae are written in a general form containing only the ratio of the total energy and the rest energy. Then, it is assumed that the total energy may not only consist of the rest energy and the translational energy but also of the rest energy and potential or rotational energy.

Restricted transformations are given, describing the transition between local systems of reference; in this case, the Euclidean geometry is needed only.

The dependencies of frequency ν, velocity of light c, and inertial mass m on the scalar gravitational potential U,

to first order of ΔU/c2, are the same ones as known from the theory of general relativity.

Besides the dependencies of physical quantities on the scalar potential U, the dependencies on a gravitational vector potential A, e.g., a rotational potential, are given, too.

In an appendix, a gravitational field theory is presented, for which the same phenomenology can be used.
A Note on Solutions of the Korteweg-de Vries Equation
Authors: Murawski K.
Published: February 2015

A new method to construct solutions of the Kortewegde Vries equation and an example of such a solution are given.
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and Optical Absorption Spectra of VO2+ in CsCl Single Crystals
Authors: Elbers G. , Lehmann G.
Published: February 2015

In vanadium-doped CsCl crystals grown from aqueous solutions anisotropic EPR spectra due to VO2+ are observed and analyzed at room temperature. Evidence is presented that isotropic spectra of this ion observed in this and other compounds are due to inclusions of growth solution and not to rapid rotation of the vanadyl ion in the solid as normally assumed. At 77 K a well resolved vibrational progression of about 820 cm −1 is observed in the first ligand field band of this ion. The optical absorption spectra indicate the presence of a second valence state of vanadium, most likely V3+, in varying proportions depending on the crystal growth temperature.
Notizen: Transitivity of “Gravitational Transformations”
Authors: Spieweck Frank
Published: February 2015

Taking into account a “theorem of the addition of gravitational potential differences”, gravitational transformations turn out to be transitive.
On Energy and Angular Distributions of Electrons in Triplet Production
Authors: Haug Eberhard
Published: February 2015

The differential cross section of electron pair production in the field of free electrons (triplet production) is derived from the cross section for electron-positron bremsstrahlung exact to lowest order of perturbation theory. It is used to compute energy and angular distributions of the outcoming electrons. The results are compared with previous calculations. In particular, the accuracy of the momentum distribution according to the Borsellino approximation is discussed.
Number of Kekulé Structures of Five-Tier Strips
Authors: Cyvin S. J. , Cyvin B. N. , Gutman I.
Published: February 2015

Benzenoid systems called regular t-tier strips are examined. 27 classes of benzenoids belonging to the regular 5-tier strips can be distinguished. Combinatorial formulas are developed for the number of Kekulé structures of all these classes.
Boron and Nitrogen Hyperfine Structure in the Microwave Spectrum of Trimethylamine-Borane
Authors: Kasten W. , Dreizler H. , Kuczkowki R.L.
Published: February 2015

We investigated the microwave spectrum of trimethylamine-borane by microwave Fourier transform spectroscopy and determined the quadrupole coupling constants of 11B and 14N and the rotational and centrifugal distortion constants for the 11B isotopic species. The B-N bond order is discussed and a value for e Qq210(14N) is determined.
LNDO/S PERTCI Electronic Spectra of Some Radical Cations
Authors: Heidenreich Andreas , Münzel Norbert , Schweig Armin
Published: February 2015

A theoretical approach to the interpretation of UV/VIS spectra of radical cations is made. LNDO/S PERTCI calculations including all singles and doubles with respect to the ion ground and excited state main configurations are made. Evaluations of the oscillator strengths are carried out using the full ground and ion states Cl vectors. The method is applied to [trans-butadiene]+, [all-tans-hexatriene]+, [all-trans-octatetraene]+, [cis -butadiene]+, [all-cis -hexatriene]+, [trans-stilbene]+, [biphenyl]+, [diphenylacetylene]+, [benzocyclobutene]+, and [o-xylylene]+. Calculated electronic excitation spectra for these systems are presented. They are compared with the UV/VIS spectra in low temperature matrices. It is shown, that LNDO/S PERTCI results can be of help in the interpetation of UV/VIS spectra of cations and thus in the difficult task of identifying such systems or cationic reaction products of cations.
EPR and ENDOR Investigations of a Cholestane Spin Probe in Liquid Crystals
Authors: Kirste B.
Published: February 2015

A detailed ENDOR study of anisotropic proton hyperfine shifts in the nitroxide spin probe 3-doxylcholestane (CSL) in liquid-crystalline solution is described. The data are interpreted by means of theoretically calculated proton hyperfine tensors (McConnell-Strathdee-Derbyshire treatment), providing an independent check of the ordering matrix. The orientational order and the dynamic behavior of the nematic and smectic phases of the liquid crystals (40,6), (50,6), and 8CB are investigated by EPR using CSL and phenalenyl as spin probes.
Self-Consistent Supercell Band-Structure Calculations for the Investigation of the Electric Field Gradient at Impurity Sites in Cd Metal
Authors: Schmidt P. C. , Weiss Al. , Cabus S. , Küber J.
Published: February 2015

The electric field gradient (EFG) at the nuclei of the 5 sp impurities In, Sn, Sb, I and Xe in Cd metal is investigated on the basis of supercell band structure calculations of Cd15M(M = In , . . . , Xe). The theoretical results show the same trend as the experimental findings. The differences in the EFG for different impurities are related to the charge distribution and partial densities of states.
Massenempfindlichkeit der Quarzmikrowaage bei galvanostatischer Elektrolyse
Authors: Pittermann Udo
Published: February 2015

The galvanostatic electrolysis at a quartz microbalance of silver and copper baths with high current efficiency is reported. Induction periods of the rate of frequency change are observed both after beginning of the electrolysis and at low mass loads of the deposited metal. It is shown that the current efficiency of the electrode reaction or the mass sensitivity of the microbalance can only be determined from the stationary values of the rate of the frequency change.
Comments on the Interaction Energy of a Quantum Oscillator in the Blackbody Radiation Field
Authors: Eckhardt W.
Published: February 2015

Recent results on the interaction energy of a quantum oscillator in a radiation field are critically reviewed and compared with the directly calculated thermal expectation values. The proper thermodynamic definition of the interaction energy is given.
Spectroscopic Analysis of Tautomeric Forms of 5-Phenyltetrazole
Authors: Tempczyk A. , Gryczyński Z. , Kawski A. , Grzonka Z.
Published: February 2015

Experimental and theoretical directions of electronic transition moments and the UV spectra of anionic and neutral 5-phenyltetrazole (5-PhTH) have been determined. Based on the correlation between the theoretical and experimental data it has been found that the 2 H-tautomeric form is predominant in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film.
14N Quadrupole Coupling in the Rotational Spectrum of Nitrosobenzene
Authors: Keussen Ch. , Andresen U. , Dreizler H.
Published: February 2015

As the technique of microwave Fourier transform (MWFT) spectroscopy was improved in the recent years we give a reinvestigation of the 14N nuclear quadrupole hyperfine structure of nitroso­ benzene.
Extended Fenske-Hall LCAO MO Calculations for Mixed Methylene Dihalides
Authors: Novak Igor
Published: February 2015

The electronic structure of mixed methylene dihalides CH2XY (X, Y = F, Cl, Br. I) has been studied using extended Fenske-Hall LCAO MO method. The comparison with available photoelec­tron spectra confirmes previous assignments of all bands with binding energies <100 eV. The electronic structure changes occurring upon varying the halogen substituents are discussed.
Lorentz Transformation as a Galilei Transformation with Physical Length and Time Contractions
Authors: Wilhelm H. E.
Published: February 2015

The Lorentz transformations between the space-time coordinates of a point in two inertial frames with arbitrary relative velocity, are reformulated as Galilei transformations with length and time contractions, by introducing the ether rest frame (in which light signals propagate isotropically with the vacuum speed of light). The generalized Galilei transformations for the (longitudinal) space coordinates (x1,2) and the time variables (t1,2) of a point in two inertial frames ∑1,2 are not only of analogous structure, but have remarkable symmetry properties, too. The appearing length and time contractions are absolute effects in the sense of Lorentz-Fitzgerald, i.e., a rod has its largest length and a clock its fastest rate when at rest in the ether frame ∑0. Thus, an analytical reformulation and a physical interpretation of the Lorentz transformations within Galilean relativity physics is achieved.
Resolution of the Ehrenfest Paradox by New Contraction (Expansion) Criteria
Authors: Kelly Edward M.
Published: February 2015

If we assume that the integrity of an elastic solid is governed by exchanges of real and virtual photons, the solid becomes a seat of innumerable interconnected microscopic Kennedy-Thorndike experiments. The null result of that experiment leads to a deformation criterion having the Lorentz- Fitzgerald contraction as a special case. For a spinning disc the criterion, combined with an equation of compatibility, gives radial and tangential deformations which resolve the Ehrenfest paradox.
35Cl NQR, Crystal Structure, and C-Cl Bond Length of Cyclohexadienones
Authors: Brummer Stefanie
Published: February 2015

The 35Cl NQR spectra of 2,4,4,6-tetrachloro-3,5-dimethyl-cyclohexadiene-2,5-one-l and 2,4,4,6- tetrachloro-cyclohexadiene-2,5-one-l were studied from 77 K up to the decomposition temperature, their crystal structure having been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The first com­pound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2
2h -P21/m with two molecules in the unit cell. The lattice constants are a = 887.2 (3) pm, b = 704.8 (3) pm, c = 824.0 (3) pm, β = 96.10(1)°. The sec­ond compound crystallizes orthorhombic, space group D18
2h - Cmca, with 8 molecules in the unit cell which has the dimensions a = 711.2(2) pm, b = 1388.4(3) pm, c = 1729.8(4) pm. The structures deter­mined belong to the stable phases of the title compounds as seen from the NQR spectra as a function of temperature which show no sign for a phase transition between the melting point and 77 K. In both title compounds the molecules are planar. Their symmetry is compared with other chloro- cyclohexadiene-2,5-ones-1 and chloro-cyclohexadiene-2,5-diones-1.4. The intramolecular distances d(C-Cl) of the sp2 carbon atoms and the 35Cl NQR frequencies assigned to the corresponding Cl atoms correlate quite well according to the theory: ν(35Cl) ~ (d(c-cl))-3 The relation is ν(35Cl)/MHz = 2 + 174 · 106 -(d/pm)-3.
Some Benzenoid Hydrocarbons with Extremal Properties
Authors: Brunvoll J. , Cyvin B. , Cyvin S. J. , Gutman I.
Published: February 2015

Benzenoid systems and their ⊿ values are studied. Here ⊿ is the absolute magnitude of the difference between the numbers of black and white vertices. The systems with maximum ⊿ at a given h (number of hexagons) are treated in particular. TP benzenoids are defined as consisting of fused triangulenes and phenalenes only. All benzenoids with ⊿ = ⊿max = 1,2,3,... for h = 3,6,9,..., re­spectively, are TP benzenoids. By means of a computer program all benzenoid systems with ⊿ = h/3 up to h = 15 are generated. In conclusion, a number of supplementary data to the enumerations of benzenoids are reported.
2H-NMR Spectroscopy of Tunneling Ammonium Ion General Site Symmetry
Authors: Lalowicz Zdzislaw T.
Published: February 2015

2H-NMR powder spectra of tunneling ammonium-d4 ions are computed. A representation of the tunneling Hamiltonian is worked out in the basis of simple product spin wavefunctions. Secular parts of quadrupole and dipole Hamiltonians are taken into account. Examples of spectra are given for tunneling about one C2 or C3 axis, as well as for overall rotations in potentials of higher symmetry. Ranges of tunneling frequencies measurable from the spectra are given for each case. Characteristic shapes of the spectra allow recognition of various ground torsional level structures. Possible further applications and available data are discussed.
Volume Selective NMR Spectroscopy by Coded Slice Excitation (CODEX)
Authors: Jung W. I. , Lutz O.
Published: February 2015

A method for volume selective nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been developed and implemented on an 1.5 T whole body imager for in vivo investigations. Four single experiments produce different magnetizations in the same slice, and a special subtract scheme yields the signal of only the volume of interest, which is accurately defined. The resolution of the spectra and the stability of the method have been verified with a water phantom containing acetone, ethanol, methanol, and oil vessels.
Topological Properties of Benzenoid Systems. LI. Hosoya Index of Molecules Containing a Polvacene Fragment
Authors: Gutman I.
Published: February 2015

Recursion relations and explicit formulas are obtained for the Hosoya index (Z) of molecules containing a linear chain of hexagons. Our main concern is the dependence of Z on h, the length of the linear chain. The asymptotic behaviour of Z for large values of h is established.
Incommensurate Numbers, Continued Fractions, and Fractal Immittances
Authors: Lakhtakia A. , Messier R. , Varadan V. V. , Varadan V. K.
Published: February 2015

Continued fractions have a rich tradition in the theory of numbers; e.g., non-terminating con­ tinued fractions represent irrational numbers. It will be shown that a class of continued fractions possess the property of self-referential decomposition, and their interpretation in the form of non-terminating ladder circuits gives rise to fractal immittances with potential analogies to rough surfaces, thin cermet films, as well as to the internal void network structure of thick films.
Single Cijystal Luminescence of Dimeric Cis-bis(2-phenvlpyridine)platinum(II) at High Pressure
Authors: Pirzer G. , Gliemann G.
Published: February 2015

The emission spectrum of single-crystal cis-bis(2-phenylpyridine)-platinum(II) has been measured at room temperature under high pressures up to 60 kbar. The observed red shift of the emission is on the order of -15 cm-1/kbar and can be explained by a reduction of the Pt - Pt distance in the dimeric units with increasing pressure.
Infrared Desorption of Neutral Molecules Embedded in Transparent Matrices
Authors: Beavis R. C. , Lindner J. , Grotemeyer J. , Schlag E. W.
Published: February 2015

The desorption of intact molecules by pulsed IR irradiation is shown to depend on the IR absorption of the matrix. IR transparent matrices, such as NaCl or NH4NO3, increase the total yield and the shot-to-shot stability of the sample. IR absorbing matrices decrease the yield of intact molecules and increase the amount of pyrolysis products.

Using semi-transparent sugar matrices with dipeptide samples, the most intense fragment, i.e. the parent molecule having lost 18 u, is suppressed. This fragment is formed by pyrolysis during IR desorption. Three other prominent fragments are caused by the UV photoionization step.

The experimental results suggest that a model involving bulk stresses and strain may be necessary to explain the observations.
On the Role of Transformations Destroying Analyticity
Authors: Kahlert Claus , Klein Michael
Published: February 2015

Nonconformal transformations, which leave the qualitative behavior of discrete dynamical sy­stems invariant but destroy or create analyticity for the equations of motion are investigated. For linear transformations, an explicit criterion is demonstrated, which allows to check whether a map is conjugate to a complex holomorphic dynamics.
Dynamic Conductivity of Molten Salts. Part I: 3KNO3 · 2Ca(NO3)2 at Frequencies from 100MHz to 40GHz
Authors: Funke K. , Hermeling J. , Kümpers J.
Published: February 2015

The dynamic ionic conductivity of the molten salt 3 KN03 · 2 Ca(NO3)2 has been measured at frequencies from 100 MHz to 40 GHz, at temperatures between 422 K and 478 K. Coaxial and rectangular waveguide systems have been used at 0.1 to 18 GHz and at 18 to 40 GHz, respectively. The conductivity is found to display the dispersion that is characteristic of the so-called “universal dielectric response". A similar dispersion was observed earlier at lower temperatures and frequencies. The data form arcs in the complex conductivity plane, with centers below the real axis. The modulus representation turns out to be comparatively involved and indirect, M″ featuring two maxima, while the conductivity data traverse a single arc in the complex plane. The present results are interpreted in terms o|f a non-Debye jump-relaxation model involving only one reorientational relaxation time. This time and its temperature dependence are close to those derived from other techniques.
Molekulares Verdrillungsvermögen von Kohlenhydrat-Derivaten
Authors: Villa V. , Fischer F. , Thiem J.
Published: February 2015

For the first time carbohydrate derivatives were systematically studied as doping material for a liquid crystalline phase. These compounds can exhibit a large twisting power. It may be controlled by the configurations of single chiral centers. Thus, a series of phenomena are realized in the cholesteric phase such as helix inversion, large or small temperature dependencies of the pitch, as well as broad blue phases.
Photoinduced CO-Reduction in Aqueous Suspension of n-TiO2
Authors: Park Hyoung-Ryun , Li Guozheng , Getoff Nikola
Published: February 2015

TiO2-suspension as well as ΤiΟ2-colloide in aqueous solutions are acting as catalyst for trans­forming CO into formaldehyde under illumination with uv-light. The yield of formaldehyde was studied as a function of pH (range: 1-7) and of the n-TiO2 content in the suspension at pH 2. Probable reaction mechanisms are presented.
Fractals, Multifractals, and Thermodynamics
Authors: Tél Tamás
Published: February 2015

The basic concept of fractals and multifractals are introduced for pedagogical purposes, and the present status is reviewed. The emphasis is put on illustrative examples with simple mathematical structures rather than on numerical methods or experimental techniques. As a general characteriza­tion of fractals and multifractals a thermodynamical formalism is introduced, establishing a connec­tion between fractal properties and the statistical mechanics of spin chains.
Onset of Turbulence in a Pipe
Authors: Böberg L. , Brösa U.
Published: February 2015

Turbulence in a pipe is derived directly from the Navier-Stokes equation. Analysis of numerical simulations revealed that small disturbances called 'mothers' induce other much stronger disturbances called 'daughters'. Daughters determine the look of turbulence, while mothers control the transfer of energy from the basic flow to the turbulent motion. From a practical point of view, ruling mothers means ruling turbulence. For theory, the mother-daughter process represents a mechanism permitting chaotic motion in a linearly stable system. The mechanism relies on a property of the linearized problem according to which the eigenfunctions become more and more collinear as the Reynolds number increases. The mathematical methods are described, comparisons with experiments are made, mothers and daughters are analyzed, also graphically, with full particulars, and the systematic construction of small systems of differential equations to mimic the non-linear process by means as simple as possible is explained. We suggest that more then 20 but less than 180 essential degrees of freedom take part in the onset of turbulence.
Rotationally Resolved Ion Dip Spectroscopy of Benzene
Authors: Krätzschmar O. , Selzle H. L. , Schlag E. W.
Published: February 2015

Optical transitions between excited vibrational states in the electronic ground and excited state of benzene were measured with ion dip spectroscopy in a supersonic jet. The observed spectra show clear rotational structure, dependent on the wavelength of the excitation laser and could be simulated by computer calculations.

Ion dip spectroscopy is known to be a powerful method for the analysis of highly excited vibrational states in the electronic ground state, which are not accessible to absorption spectroscopy in supersonic jets.
An Empirical Potential Function of α-Glycine Derived from Infrared Spectroscopic Data of D-, 13C-, 15N-, and 18O-Labeled Species
Authors: Kakihana Masato , Akiyama Minoru , Nagumo Tadashi , Okamoto Makoto
Published: February 2015

The infrared spectra (4000-100 cm-1) of the α-form crystal ofglycine (NH3
+ - CH2 - COO-) and of thirteen isotopic modifications comprising D, 13C, 15N, and 18O were measured at 80 and 290 K. Excellent resolution was reached at the low temperature. In the low temperature spectra the fine structure of the nearly degenerate NH3 and ND3 antisymmetric deformational modes and the CO2-torsional bands in the vicinity of 200 cm-1 for each of the isotopic molecules, which in the low-frequency region are strongly overlapped by a number of lattice modes, clearly showed up. Based upon the frequency data of the 14 isotopic analogs and the precisely known structure of the molecule, a normal coordinate analysis was carried out. 307 observed frequencies were utilized to derive a new empirical valence force field reduced to a set of 50 force constants by a number of restrictive assumptions. The resulting force field reproduced the 307 frequencies with a root-mean- square deviation of 3.32 cm -1. This force field emphasizes the importance of interaction force constants of the in-plane CO2-rocking and CO2-deformational coordinates with the CH2-twisting coordinate, which can come form a significant deviation of this molecule from an ideal Cs-symmetry. The composition of normal vibrations from generally accepted local-symmetry coordinates is given in terms of the potential energy distribution (PED). The PED results indicate that almost all the normal modes below 1600 cm-1 are extensively intermixed group modes, thus precluding a simple normal vibrational decription. Interestingly the PED description for several vibrations associated with the NH3 - CH2 - C fragment exhibits strong mixing between quasi-A′ symmetric and -A″ antisymmetric coordinates with respect to a pseudo molecular symmetry (CCN) plane in this molecule.
A Modification of the Skyrme Single Particle Potenital and the RMS Radii of Nuclei
Authors: Massen S. E.
Published: February 2015

The Skyrme single particle potential is modified by adding a new term which is taken to be the derivative of the central part of the Skyrme interaction. It is seen that, when this term is added to the original Skyrme interaction, there is a better agreement with experiment regarding the various moments of the charge densities of nuclei with 48 ≤ A ≤ 208.
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance of Cu2+ Doped Na2 HAsO4·7H2O Single Crystals
Authors: Köksal F. , Kartal İ. , Gençten A.
Published: February 2015

The electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of Cu2+ doped Na2HAsO4 ·7H2O single crystals were studied at room temperature. The results indicate the substitutional entrance of Cu2+ in two magnetically inequivalent Na+ sites. Charge compensation is supposed to be fulfilled by proton vacancies. The spin Hamiltonian parameters were determined. The ground state for Cu2+ seems to indicate the dominance of the dz² orbital and therefore a compression of the distorted octahedron along its C4v axis.
An ab initio Hartree-Fock Investigation of Endohedral Sc@C82
Authors: Gruß Andrea , Böhm Michael C. , Schulte Joachim , Dinse Klaus-Peter
Published: February 2015

The electronic structure of endohedral Sc@C82 with a C82 cage of C2v symmetry has been studied by ab initio Hartree-Fock (HF) calculations. The optimized position of Sc in the configuration of minimum energy is predicted to be on the two-fold axis of the fullerene cage. In the corresponding configuration Sc is above the center of a hexagon of site symmetry C2 . This structure of C2v symmetry is nearly degenerate with Cs and Ct structures with Sc slightly displaced from the center of the coordinated hexagon. The binding energy of the endohedral complex is larger than 3.55 eV. The ab initio HF data of the C2v topoisomer of the fullerene unit are compared with new experimental findings and HF results derived for the 3(C2) topoisomer of the C82 cage.
Chemischer Transport fester Lösungen am Beispiel von Mischspineilen / Chemical Transport of Solid Solutions: Mixed Spinels
Authors: Patzke Greta R. , Binnewies Michael
Published: February 2015

Chemical vapor transport is a suitable pathway to controllable syntheses of mixed spinel systems. Solid solutions of spinels on the basis of 3d transition metal oxides and gallium oxide can be prepared using various transport agents (TeCl4, Cl2, HCl). Transport processes observed are consistent with theoretical predictions
Sila-Substitution of the α-Amino Acid Proline: Synthesis of rac- and (R)-4,4-Dimethyl-4-sila-proline Ethyl Ester
Authors: Handmann Vera Iris , Merget Markus , Tacke Reinhold
Published: February 2015

Abstract In context with studies on silicon-containing α-amino acids and peptides, a strategy for the synthesis of the 4-sila-proline skeleton was developed. The synthesis of rac-and (R)-4,4-dimethyl-4-sila-proline ethyl ester [rac-2 and (R)-2] is described. Compounds rac-2 and (R)-2 (≥ 99% ee) were prepared by two-step syntheses, starting from 3,6-diethoxy-2,5-dihydro-pyrazine and (R)-3,6-diethoxy-2-isopropyl-2,5-dihydropyrazine, respectively.
Optisch aktive Übergangsmetall-Komplexe, 122. Synthese von Palladium(II)-Schiff-Base-Komplexen -intramolekulare Wechselwirkungen / Optically Active Transition Metal Complexes, 122. Synthesis of Palladium (II) Complexes with Schiff Base Ligands -Intramolecular Interactions
Authors: Brunner Henri , Niemetz Markus , Zabel Manfred
Published: February 2015

Imines of salicylaldehyde and 2,6-diformyl-p-cresol have been used as ligands in palladium (II) complexes. Enantiomerically pure ligands give enantiomerically pure complexes, racemic ligands give racemates and meso-forms. Differences between the respective isomers of the ligands within the complexes and between the diastereomers of the complexes were investigated. Crystal structure analyses established the trans configuration at the metal center.