bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Building a Common Project by Promoting Pedagogical Coordination and Educational Leadership for School Improvement: A Structural Equation Model
Authors: García-Martínez Inmaculada , Arrifano Tadeu Pedro J. , Pérez-Ferra Miguel , Ubago-Jiménez José Luis
Published: April 2020

Leadership and teaching practices are the most important factors that affect student learning. Many studies have pointed out the combination of both of them in a common project as a guarantee to achieve school improvement. The present study sets out to define and contrast an explanatory model of pedagogical coordination as a function of management leadership, collaborative working, setting common goals, participation in decision making, involvement of teaching staff and professional development of teachers, in a sample of pedagogical leaders from secondary schools. A final sample of 547 participants from Granada and Jaen (Spain) was obtained. An instrument adapted from the DLI questionnaire (Hulpia 2009) was administered. Path analysis was conducted, which displayed good model fit for all considered indices (χ2 = 10.937; df = 2.187; p < 0.001; CFI = 0.998 TLI = 0.993; GFI = 0.994; RMSEA = 0.047). The main result was the identification of positive relationships between all dimensions of the questionnaire. It can be concluded that management plays a key role in the establishment of common goals at the school. Another important finding was that collaborative conditions should be present to favour the involvement and professional growth of the teacher. In summary, the existence of all of these conditions leads to high levels of all indices of pedagogical coordination in the examined secondary schools.
Analysis and Evaluation of the Regional Characteristics of Carbon Emission Efficiency for China
Authors: Li Jinkai , Ma Jingjing , Wei Wei
Published: April 2020

To promote economic and social development with reduced carbon dioxide emissions, the key lies in determining how to improve carbon emission efficiency (CEE). We first measured the CEE of each province by using the input-oriented three-stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and DEA-Malmquist model for the panel data of 30 provinces in China during 2000–2017. Then we explored the CEE differences and characteristics of different regions obtained by using hierarchical clustering of each province’s CEE. Finally, based on the regression model, we conducted an empirical analysis of the impact of each factor of total factor productivity (TFP) on CEE. The main findings of this research are as follows: (1) The industrial structure, energy structure, government regulation, technological innovation, and openness had a significant impact on CEE; (2) The variation trends of CEE and TFP in the eight regions we studied were convergent, while the variations of CEE among regions were diverse and all distributed stably in different ranges; (3) The eight regions’ efficiency basically showed a downward trend of eastern, central and western China; (4) Technological regression was the main reason for the decline in TFP. Technological progress and technological efficiency can contribute to an improvement in CEE. Based on the findings above, we provide decision-making references for comprehensively improving the efficiency of various regions and accelerating China’s energy conservation, emissions reduction, and coordinated development.
Prediction the Contribution Rate of Long-Term Care Insurance for the Aged in China Based on the Balance of Supply and Demand
Authors: Zhang Liangwen , Fu Sijia , Fang Ya
Published: April 2020

There are a large number of disabled elderly people in China, which results in huge care and financial burdens to their families and society. However, China has not yet launched a unified long-term care insurance (LTCI) system. This study aims to predict the contribution rate of LTCI in China from 2020 to 2050 based on the long-term care (LTC) cost of the disabled elderly, aged 65 and over, in order to provide strong evidence for the establishment of a unified and sustainable national LTCI system in China. The simulations are based on data from the population census data, the Chinese statistical yearbook, and the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) database. Based on the International Labor Organization (ILO) financing model from the perspective of fund balance, an overall simulation model and a Monte Carlo simulation are used to estimate the contribution rate of LTCI for disabled elderly from 2020 to 2050 in China. The total financial demands will increase sharply from 538.0 billion yuan in 2020 to 8530.8 billion yuan in 2050. Of that total, 80.2% will be required in urban areas. In addition, the per capita financial demands of care in urban and rural areas in 2050 will be approximately six times and 11 times higher than in 2020, respectively. The predicted results show that the overall contribution rate of LTCI in China will increase sharply from 1.46% in 2020 to 5.14% in 2050, an increase of about 3.5 times. By comparison, the contribution rate in 2020 will be close to 1.33% in Japan in 2015 and 1.40% in Germany in 2010. According to the 1:1 payment proportion between employer and employee, each side bears 0.68% of the insurance premium. From 2020 to 2050, the financial demands of long-term care for disabled elderly in China will increase, especially in urban areas, and the burden of per capita financial demands in rural areas will increase significantly. The overall contribution rate of LTCI will increase linearly and the payment burden of policyholders will increase year by year. This study provides evidence of the need for the establishment of a sustainable financing mechanism for multiple financial supplies.
Sustainable Livelihoods of Township Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises towards Growth and Development
Authors: Bvuma Stella , Marnewick Carl
Published: April 2020

In South Africa, small, medium, and micro enterprises (SMMEs) have been recognized as the critical driving force to alleviate some economic challenges that the country faces. The challenges, such as the alleviation of poverty and the unemployment rate, can be addressed by policies that encourage SMME developments and sustainability. The historical background of SMMEs in South Africa has left them operating in various locations, such as cities and townships. There is a growing concern of the lack of information and communications technology (ICT) adoption by SMMEs, in particular those operating in townships. The aim of this study was to develop an ICT adoption framework using the sustainability livelihood framework (SLF) to encourage ICT adoption and improve the livelihood of township SMMEs. This study used the sustainable livelihood framework (SLF) to explore the broader socio-economic contents of the township SMMEs on human, social, financial, and physical and natural resource-based assets that enable the poor to enhance their capabilities and reduce their vulnerabilities. This study deployed a qualitative exploratory research. A sample of 21 SMME owners/managers operating in Soweto was used, and data were collected using in-depth interviews and observations. The study revealed township SMMEs are complex and dynamic and need various interventions in order for them to be sustainable. The SLF for township SMMEs can be used as a guideline for SMME owners/managers and policy makers when formulating ICT adoption policy.
The Trap of Success: A Paradox of Scale for Sharing Economy and Degrowth
Authors: Andreoni Valeria
Published: April 2020

Over the recent years, the sharing economy has been discussed as a community-based solution for a more sustainable future. Supported by the development of information technologies and defined by a large range of activities based on the access of underutilized resources over ownership, the sharing economy has been framed as a socio-economic model that is able to increase social bonding and collaboration and to reduce the inefficient allocation of resources. Within this framework, the sharing economy seems to align with the ideas of degrowth, broadly defined as a downscaling of production and consumption activities oriented to increase environmental quality and social collaboration. Despite the connections existing between them, no previous studies investigate the two concepts together. By considering the evidence provided by previous literature, this paper maps the links and similarities existing between sharing economy and degrowth and analyzes the discrepancies existing between the promises of the sharing economy and the impacts generated by practices. A paradox of scale, where the sharing activities fail to deliver as a consequence of success is also discussed together with future research directions. This paper contributes to the existing debate around alternative economic models and can support the design of sustainable practices.
What Makes Farmers Exit Farming: A Case Study of Sindh Province, Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Irshad , Oxley Les , Ma Hengyun
Published: April 2020

In agriculture based economies like Pakistan, farmers often shift from farming to off-farm activities as part of an apparent livelihood transition strategy, despite the fact that most of the workforce depends upon farming. In this paper, we try to uncover insights into how livelihood assets, such as human capital, natural capital, economic capital, and locational characteristics, affect a household’s exit decision from on-farm to off-farm activities as a livelihood transition strategy in rural Pakistan. We analyzed data from 335 farming households from the second largest agricultural producing province in the country, Sindh. Our findings show that more than 19% of households have completely shifted from farming to off-farm activities. Furthermore, we identified that the ‘crop input credit’ is one of the major constraints to farmers converting their previous input-driven small loans into larger loans, where large markups may be imposed if they fail to pay when the harvest is made. The empirical findings from Binary Logistic Regression provide strong evidence for family labor characteristics, particularly for working-age males, working-age females, and working-age children. Surprisingly, the cultivated land size significantly and positively influences farm exit rather than a continuation of farming. Off-farm employment, exogenous shocks, and urbanization also significantly and positively influenced the decision to transition into off-farm work. In contrast, the age of the household head, livestock ownership, and distance to a commercial zone significantly inhibited the decision to exit farming. However, government assistance, including subsidies, strongly encouraged farmers to continue farming. These findings provide new insights into the factors affecting the drivers of both exit and continuation in the farming sector as part of a long-term livelihood transition strategy.
Organizational Information Security Management for Sustainable Information Systems: An Unethical Employee Information Security Behavior Perspective
Authors: Chu Amanda M. Y. , So Mike K. P.
Published: April 2020

This article examines the occurrences of four types of unethical employee information security behavior—misbehavior in networks/applications, dangerous Web use, omissive security behavior, and poor access control—and their relationships with employees’ information security management efforts to maintain sustainable information systems in the workplace. In terms of theoretical contributions, this article identifies and develops reliable and valid instruments to measure different types of unethical employee information security behavior. In addition, it investigates factors affecting different types of such behavior and how such behavior can be used to predict employees’ willingness to report information security incidents. In terms of managerial contributions, the article suggests that information security awareness programs and perceived punishment have differential effects on the four types of unethical behavior and that certain types of unethical information security behavior exert negative effects on employees’ willingness to report information security incidents. The findings will help managers to derive better security rules and policies, which are important for business continuity.
Effects of Eco-Innovation on Economic and Environmental Performance: Evidence from Turkey’s Manufacturing Companies
Authors: Yurdakul Melek , Kazan Halim
Published: April 2020

The concept of eco-innovation has begun to be considered as a solution to preventing environmental damage, especially since the 1990s. Eco-innovation is expected to reduce amounts of waste, air pollution, and material resource usage. However, the effect of eco-innovation on environmental and financial performance has received limited attention. This paper seeks to fill this gap by studying the effect of eco-innovation on environmental and financial performance. In order to do so, data were obtained by collecting surveys completed by 219 manufacturing companies in Turkey. By using structural equation modeling, we found that eco-innovation has a direct effect on pollution prevention, resource saving and recycling; furthermore, it has an indirect positive effect on cost reduction and thus on economic performance. The findings suggest that decision-makers should adopt eco-innovation due to its cost advantage and pollution prevention potential.
Xanthomonas Wilt of Banana Drives Changes in Land-Use and Ecosystem Services Across Infected Landscapes
Authors: Ocimati Walter , Groot Jeroen J. C. , Tittonell Pablo , Taulya Godfrey , Ntamwira Jules , Amato Serge , Blomme Guy
Published: April 2020

Changes in land-use have been observed in banana-based systems in the African Great Lakes region affected by Xanthomonas wilt disease (XW) of banana. Through focus group discussions (FGDs) and the 4-cell method (to map the area under production and the number of households involved), changes in land-use were assessed in 13 XW-affected landscapes/villages along a 230 km transect from Masisi (where XW arrived in 2001) to Bukavu (XW arrived around 2014) in the Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Farmers’ perceptions on the sustainability of new land uses were also documented. Soil nutrient content and erosion levels were measured for five major land-use options/trajectories on 147 fields across 55 farms in three landscapes along the transect. From banana being ranked the most important crop (92% of landscapes) before XW outbreaks, its importance had declined, with it grown on smaller farms by most households in 36% of the landscapes, while in 64% of cases by few households on smaller plots. Farmers uprooted entire banana mats or fields, expanding land under other crops. Species richness did not change at landscape level, although 21 crops were introduced at farm level. Banana is, however, still perceived as more sustainable due to its multi-functional roles. Soils under banana had better chemical attributes, while high erosion levels (Mg ha−1 year−1) occurred under cassava (1.7–148.9) compared with banana (0.3–10.7) and trees (0.3–5.9). The shifts from banana could thus affect supply of key services and sustainability of the farming systems. This study offers a good basis for interventions in XW-affected landscapes.
Quantitative Models of Well-Being to Inform Policy: Problems and Opportunities
Authors: Cooper Crispin H. V.
Published: April 2020

Subjective well-being, in contrast to other commonly used performance metrics such as gross domestic product, appears to offer a way to directly measure what society aims to achieve. Subjective well-being modeling to date has been restricted to regression analysis. This paper synthesizes and critiques existing literature and case studies to examine the challenges and opportunities presented by more advanced computations of well-being, including spatial, optimizing and spatial-optimizing models, which may well be created by researchers in the future if current policy level interest in well-being continues to grow. Subjective well-being is a promising measure, especially in light of recent research that shows reliable correlations with objective measures. However, the issue of individual adaptation means that excessive focus on subjective well-being may discriminate against groups with lower expectations and higher ability and/or willingness to adapt. Alternative approaches such as equivalent income may address this issue, at the expense of being harder to measure. Through an examination of four case studies and one thought experiment, we find that modeling challenges include nonlinearity, interaction, spatial sorting and extrapolation beyond valid limits. A significant research gap is found in how individual well-being scores should be aggregated to a collective one; this is a normative question although descriptive ethics would appear to offer a practical approach.
Levers of Control for Supply Chain Sustainability: Control and Governance Mechanisms in a Cross-Boundary Setting
Authors: de Haan-Hoek Joost , Lambrechts Wim , Semeijn Janjaap , Caniëls Marjolein C. J.
Published: April 2020

The rise of global supply chains as well as attention to the Triple Bottom Line provides organizations with new conditions and strategy paradoxes to be dealt with when it comes to sustainability in supply chain management. This study of a large multinational organization with a strong Triple Bottom Line focus provides a comprehensive analysis of the use of control and governance mechanisms in supply chain context. Through the Levers of Control framework, the application of these mechanisms both internally and across organizational boundaries is shown. The interplay between levers helps in dealing with the in itself paradoxical nature of Triple Bottom Line goalsetting. The results show that the “softer” elements of the Triple Bottom Line, i.e., People and Planet, are approached with the lever associated with the beliefs system, which in turn enforces the boundary and interactive control systems. Ultimately, applying the Levers of Control in supply chain context might contribute to pursuing a holistic approach of sustainable supply chain management.
Assessment of Sustainability Development in Urban Areas of Morocco
Authors: Bounoua Lahouari , Fathi Najlaa , El Berkaoui Meryem , El Ghazouani Laila , Messouli Mohammed
Published: April 2020

In Morocco, the last census counted 70% of houses in cities, with seven cities accounting for 25% of the total population and 41% of the urban population. This paper questioned the sustainability indicator in Moroccan cities using a novel methodology based on Earth observations and census data. We estimated the indicator for the 25 largest urban areas between 2003 and 2013. A stratification based on urbanization fractions allowed for the definition and comparison of hierarchically ordered zones consistent across urban areas and scales. We found no systematic pattern of growth between cities. However, three categories of development were identified: a group of large cities with an indicator less than unity and land consumption commensurate to population growth, a group of medium-sized cities trending moderately towards unsustainability with an indicator between one and two, and a group including small cities with significant departure from sustainability. The disparate sustainability levels between urban areas appear to be related to the rapid economic growth, typical of an emerging economy. Our results indicate a continuous population growth pushing outwards the perimeters of existing urban areas. Unless regulated, land consumption is increasing faster than the population in most parts of Morocco, in line with global trends.
Vero Cells as a Mammalian Cell Substrate for Human Norovirus
Authors: Todd Kyle V. , Tripp Ralph A.
Published: April 2020

Human norovirus (HuNoV) is a principal cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Its global prevalence is underscored by more serious morbidity and some mortality in the young (<5 years) and the elderly. To date, there are no licensed vaccines or approved therapeutics for HuNoV, mostly because there are limited cell culture systems and small animal models available. Recently described cell culture systems are not ideal substrates for HuNoV vaccine development because they are not clonal or only support a single strain. In this study, we show Vero cell-based replication of two pandemic GII.4 HuNoV strains and one GII.3 strain and confirm exosome-mediated HuNoV infection in Vero cells. Lastly, we show that trypsin addition to virus cultures or disruption of Vero cell host genes can modestly increase HuNoV replication. These data provide support for Vero cells as a cell culture model for HuNoV.
Molecular Epidemiology of the HIV-1 Subtype B Sub-Epidemic in Bulgaria
Authors: Alexiev Ivailo , M. Campbell Ellsworth , Knyazev Sergey , Pan Yi , Grigorova Lyubomira , Dimitrova Reneta , Partsuneva Aleksandra , Gancheva Anna , Kostadinova Asya , Seguin-Devaux Carole , M. Switzer William
Published: April 2020

HIV-1 subtype B is the predominant strain in Bulgaria, yet little is known about the molecular epidemiology of these infections, including its origin and transmissibility. We used a phylodynamics approach by combining and analyzing 663 HIV-1 polymerase (pol) sequences collected from persons diagnosed with HIV/AIDS between 1988–2018 and associated epidemiologic data to better understand this sub-epidemic in Bulgaria. Using network analyses at a 1.5% genetic distance threshold (d) we found several large phylogenetic clusters composed mostly of men who have sex with men (MSM) and male heterosexuals (HET). However, at d = 0.5%, used to identify more recent transmission, the largest clusters dissociated to become smaller in size. The majority of female HET and persons with other transmission risks were singletons or pairs in the network. Phylogenetic analysis of the Bulgarian pol sequences with publicly available global sequences showed that subtype B was likely introduced into Bulgaria from multiple countries, including Israel and several European countries. Our findings indicate that subtype B was introduced into Bulgaria multiple times since 1988 and then infections rapidly spread among MSM and non-disclosed MSM. These high-risk behaviors continue to spread subtype B infection in Bulgaria as evidenced by the large clusters at d = 0.5%. Relatively low levels of antiretroviral drug resistance were observed in our study. Prevention strategies should continue to include increased testing and linkage to care and treatment, as well as expanded outreach to the MSM communities.
Disruption of the cpsE and endA Genes Attenuates Streptococcus pneumoniae Virulence: Towards the Development of a Live Attenuated Vaccine Candidate
Authors: Amonov Malik , Simbak Nordin , Wan Hassan Wan Mohd. Razin , Ismail Salwani , A. Rahman Nor Iza , Clarke Stuart C. , Yeo Chew Chieng
Published: April 2020

The majority of deaths due to Streptococcus pneumoniae infections are in developing countries. Although polysaccharide-based pneumococcal vaccines are available, newer types of vaccines are needed to increase vaccine affordability, particularly in developing countries, and to provide broader protection across all pneumococcal serotypes. To attenuate pneumococcal virulence with the aim of engineering candidate live attenuated vaccines (LAVs), we constructed knockouts in S. pneumoniae D39 of one of the capsular biosynthetic genes, cpsE that encodes glycosyltransferase, and the endonuclease gene, endA, that had been implicated in the uptake of DNA from the environment as well as bacterial escape from neutrophil-mediated killing. The cpsE gene knockout significantly lowered peak bacterial density, BALB/c mice nasopharyngeal (NP) colonisation but increased biofilm formation when compared to the wild-type D39 strain as well as the endA gene knockout mutant. All constructed mutant strains were able to induce significantly high serum and mucosal antibody response in BALB/c mice. However, the cpsE-endA double mutant strain, designated SPEC, was able to protect mice from high dose mucosal challenge of the D39 wild-type. Furthermore, SPEC showed 23-fold attenuation of virulence compared to the wild-type. Thus, the cpsE-endA double-mutant strain could be a promising candidate for further development of a LAV for S. pneumoniae.
Mangrove Forests Evolution and Threats in the Caribbean Sea of Colombia
Authors: Villate Daza Diego Andrés , Sánchez Moreno Hernando , Portz Luana , Portantiolo Manzolli Rogério , Bolívar-Anillo Hernando José , Anfuso Giorgio
Published: April 2020

Colombia has approximately 379,954 hectares of mangrove forests distributed along the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea coasts. Such forests are experiencing the highest annual rate of loss recorded in South America and, in the last three decades, approximately 40,000 hectares have been greatly affected by natural and, especially, human impacts. This study determined, by the use of Landsat multispectral satellite images, the evolution of three mangrove forests located in the Colombian Caribbean Sea: Malloquín, Totumo, and La Virgen swamps. Mangrove forest at Mallorquín Swamp recorded a loss of 15 ha in the period of 1985–2018, associated with alterations in forest hydrology, illegal logging, urban growth, and coastal erosion. Totumo Swamp lost 301 ha in the period 1985–2018 associated with changes in hydrological conditions, illegal logging, and increased agricultural and livestock uses. La Virgen Swamp presented a loss of 31 ha in the period of 2013–2018 that was linked to the construction of a roadway, alterations of hydrological conditions, illegal logging, and soil urbanization, mainly for tourist purposes. Although Colombian legislation has made efforts to protect mangrove ecosystems, human activities are the main cause of mangrove degradation, and thus it is mandatory for the local population to understand the value of the ecosystem services provided by mangroves.
Analysis of Climate Change’s Effect on Flood Risk. Case Study of Reinosa in the Ebro River Basin
Authors: Lastrada Eduardo , Cobos Guillermo , Torrijo Francisco Javier
Published: April 2020

Floods are one of the natural hazards that could be most affected by climate change, causing great economic damage and casualties in the world. On December 2019 in Reinosa (Cantabria, Spain), took place one of the worst floods in memory. Implementation of DIRECTIVE 2007/60/EC for the assessment and management of flood risks in Spain enabled the detection of this river basin with a potential significant flood risk via a preliminary flood risk assessment, and flood hazard and flood risk maps were developed. The main objective of this paper is to present a methodology to estimate climate change’s effects on flood hazard and flood risk, with Reinosa as the case study. This river basin is affected by the snow phenomenon, even more sensitive to climate change. Using different climate models, regarding a scenario of comparatively high greenhouse gas emissions (RCP8.5), with daily temperature and precipitation data from years 2007–2070, and comparing results in relative terms, flow rate and flood risk variation due to climate change are estimated. In the specific case of Reinosa, the MRI-CGCM3 model shows that climate change will cause a significant increase of potential affected inhabitants and economic damage due to flood risk. This evaluation enables us to define mitigation actions in terms of cost–benefit analysis and prioritize the ones that should be included in flood risk management plans.
Critical Environmental Issues Confirm the Relevance of Abandoned Agricultural Land
Authors: Lana-Renault Noemí , Nadal-Romero Estela , Cammeraat Erik , Llorente José Ángel
Published: April 2020

Large areas worldwide have been affected by farmland abandonment and subsequent plant colonization with significant environmental consequences. Although the process of farmland abandonment has slowed down, vegetation recovery in abandoned lands is far from complete. In addition, agricultural areas and pasture lands with low-intensity activities could be abandoned in the near future. In this foreword, we review current knowledge of the impacts of farmland abandonment on water resources and soil conservation, and we highlight the open questions that still persist, in particular regarding terraced landscapes, afforested areas, abandonment of woody crops, traditional irrigated fields, solute yields, long-term trends in the response of abandoned areas, and the management of abandoned farmland. This Special Issue includes seven contributions that illustrate recent research into the hydrological, geomorphological, and edaphological consequences of farmland abandonment.
Identification of the Nitrogen Sources in the Eocene Aquifer Area (Palestine)
Authors: Almasri Mohammad N. , Judeh Tariq G. , Shadeed Sameer M.
Published: April 2020

Groundwater is the main source of water in many countries all over the world. Prevention of the pollution of this source is essential for a sustainable utilization. Nitrate pollution of groundwater is a common problem due to the association between intensive agriculture to achieve food security and fertilization. For an efficient management of groundwater pollution from nitrate, the first step would be to quantify the different sources of nitrogen in the aquifer of concern. This paper aims at demonstrating a general approach based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to characterize the spatial distribution of the nitrogen amounts in the area of the Eocene aquifer (Palestine). The aquifer is heavily utilized for agricultural and domestic water supply. Fertilization in the study area is a widespread practice. As a result, the aquifer is undergoing a nitrate pollution problem. The methodology relies mainly on specifying all the sources of nitrogen in the aquifer area using GIS to account for spatiality. Thereafter, GIS attribute tables and Excel spreadsheets were utilized to quantify the magnitudes of nitrogen from the different sources. Maps of the corresponding on-ground nitrate, ammonium, organic nitrogen and total nitrogen were developed for the study area. The results indicate that the total on-ground annual nitrogen loading in the study area is about 3260 tons of which 38% is attributed to fertilizers (chemical and manure) where the dominant form of nitrogen is NH4 (58.3%). The average total on-ground nitrogen loading is 7028 kg-N/km2·year. The estimated annual nitrate leaching to the aquifer is 1968 kg-N/km2. The areas of high sources of nitrogen have long-term impacts on the degradation of the water quality of the aquifer. It is therefore essential to build up on the outcomes of this work and to develop a nitrate fate and transport model for the Eocene aquifer. This model will enable the stakeholders to arrive at the efficient alternatives to manage the nitrate contamination of the aquifer.
Effects of Land Use on Stream Water Quality in the Rapidly Urbanized Areas: A Multiscale Analysis
Authors: Song Yu , Song Xiaodong , Shao Guofan , Hu Tangao
Published: April 2020

The land use and land cover changes in rapidly urbanized regions is one of the main causes of water quality deterioration. However, due to the heterogeneity of urban land use patterns and spatial scale effects, a clear understanding of the relationships between land use and water quality remains elusive. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of land use on water quality across multi scales in a rapidly urbanized region in Hangzhou City, China. The results showed that the response characteristics of stream water quality to land use were spatial scale-dependent. The total nitrogen (TN) was more closely related with land use at the circular buffer scale, whilst stronger correlations could be found between land use and algae biomass at the riparian buffer scales. Under the circular buffer scale, the forest and urban greenspace were more influential to the TN at small buffer scales, whilst significant positive or negative correlations could be found between the TN and the areas of industrial land or the wetland and river as the buffer scales increased. The redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that more than 40% variations in water quality could be explained by the landscape metrics at all circular and riparian buffer scales, and this suggests that land use pattern was an important factor influencing water quality. The variation in water quality explained by landscape metrics increased with the increase of buffer size, and this implies that land use pattern could have a closer correlation with water quality at larger spatial scales.
Instrumento para avaliação de e-tarefas fundamentadas no modelo knowledge hunt
Authors: Oliveira Flávia Márcia , Menin Everaldo , Beninca Berger Clarissa
Published: April 2020

Um dos desafios na docência se refere ao desenvolvimento de competências em Tecnologias Digitais de Informação e Comunicação como elaborar e avaliar propostas criativas e motivadoras. O objetivo consistiu em construir um instrumento de avaliação de e-tarefas no modelo de Knowledge Hunt para Web 2.0 considerando as perspectivas dos docentes/estudantes-usuários. A construção foi fundamentada nos critérios de avaliação de softwares educativos de Silva. A Escala possui 46 itens distribuídos nas dimensões: critérios ergonômicos/comunicacionais e pedagógicos. O instrumento apresenta uma estrutura adequada para acompanhar o desenvolvimento de competências para o uso das TDIC uma vez que subsidia a prática reflexiva e validação da produção didática docente.
O futebol também ensina
Authors: Kupper Agnaldo
Published: April 2020

Quais as relações que podem ser feitas entre a vida moderna contemporânea e a prática futebolística? As respostas podem servir como fios condutores para discussões em salas de aulas. Afinal, o futebol mexe com a rotina de nossas relações sociais, inclusive entre discentes. Para entender o futebol moderno enquanto esporte e suas implicações na vida contemporânea, trazendo-o do exterior para o interior do ambiente educacional, esta rápida revisão de literatura procura demonstrar como um esporte, aparentemente vinculado a práticas de lazer, pode colaborar para que entendamos um pouco mais do mundo e suas transformações modernas. Ao sugerir o tema em salas de aulas, percebo o quanto as discussões mexem com o mundo discente e como brotam as relações entre a vida prática e o futebol.
Educação Corporativa Militar: A construção de identidades e o Programa de Formação e Fortalecimento de Valores
Authors: Silva Otoniel Fontana
Published: April 2020

O objetivo desta pesquisa, do ponto de vista mais amplo, é analisar a construção de identidades militares e o Programa de Formação e Fortalecimento de Valores, a partir da Educação Corporativa Militar. Em termos metodológicos e estruturais, a pesquisa está organizada em três tópicos: no primeiro, apresentam-se os conceitos e processos vinculados à Educação Corporativa Militar. No próximo, examinam-se os conceitos de identidades militares. Finalmente, analisa-se o Programa de Formação e Fortalecimento de Valores (PFV). Com base nas análises, foi possível compreender como ocorre a construção de identidades militares a partir da Educação Corporativa Militar.
Terrain subsidence detected by satellite radar scanning of the Copenhagen area, Denmark, and its relation to the tectonic framework
Authors: Roll Jakobsen Peter , Wegmuller Urs , Capes Ren , Schack Pedersen Stig A.
Published: April 2020

In the European Union (EU) project Terrafirma, which is supported by the European Space Agency to stimulate the Global Monitoring Environment System, we are using the latest technology to measure terrain motion on the basis of satellite radar data. The technique we employ is known as persistent scatterer interferometry (PSI); in Denmark, it was previously used to map areas of subsidence susceptible to flooding in the Danish part of the Wadden Sea (Vadehavet) area (Pedersen et al. 2011). That study was part of the flooding risk theme under the TerraFirma Extension project. Another coastal protection monitoring activity in the EU seventh framework project SubCoast followed, in which the low-lying south coast of Lolland, prone to flooding, was studied. The Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) is also involved in the three-year EU collaborative project PanGeo in which GEUS is one of 27 EU national geological surveys. The objective of PanGeo is to provide free and open access to geohazard information in support of the Global Monitoring Environment System. This will be achieved by providing a free, online geohazard information service for the two largest cities in each EU country, i.e. 52 towns throughout Europe with c. 13% of EU’s population.
Geological map of Denmark 1:50 000 – map sheet Mors, NW Denmark
Authors: Schack Pedersen Stig A. , Roll Jakobsen Peter , Tougaard Lisbeth , Gravesen Peter
Published: April 2020

Danish geological maps of deposits occurring at the terrain surface are published under the name of Geological map of Denmark 1:50 000 and are based on geological field mapping at 1:25 000. Most of the published maps follow the map sheet division shown in Fig. 1. However, in some instances it is appropriate to publish geological maps covering a regional unit, such as an island. Hence, the geological map of Mors appears as the 1:50 000 map sheet Mors, which covers parts of map sheets 1116 I, 1116 II and 1116 III (Figs 1, 2; Pedersen & Jakobsen 2012). Mors shows spectacular examples of glaciotectonic structures that are beautifully exposed in coastal cliff sections. It also has a unique geological history, which is briefly described in this paper.
Lineament mapping and geological history of the Kangerlussuaq region, southern West Greenland
Authors: Klint Knud Erik S. , Engström Jon , Parmenter Andrew , Ruskeeniemi Timo , Claesson Liljedahl Lillemor , Lehtinen Anne
Published: April 2020

How could future ice ages affect deep nuclear waste repositories in crystalline basement rocks? Deep repositories may be affected by a number of glacially induced processes including, but not limited to, (1) fault activation or re-activation and associated seismicity, (2) changing hydraulic and chemical groundwater dynamics and (3) enhanced erosion. Such processes are likely to affect not only man-made barriers in spent fuel repositories such as copper canisters and bentonite clay buffers, but also the rock masses that contain and isolate the repositories. In order to increase our understanding of this problem, an international study (the Greenland Analogue Project) was set up in 2008. The aim of the study was to use crystalline bedrock at the margin of the Inland Ice near Kangerlussuaq airport in West Greenland as an analogue for future nuclear fuel waste repositories affected by glaciation in Fennoscandia and Canada. Accordingly, a wide range of field surveys were conducted for the analogue project (Fig. 1). This paper describes a detailed structural investigation of lineament zones and the establishment of an event succession for fault and fracture zone evolution in central parts of the study area (Figs 1B, 2), as well as an interpretation of the distribution of fracture and fault zones with potentially increased permeability. Three deep holes were drilled in the study area, and instruments were installed in two of them for subsequent down-hole sampling and monitoring of groundwater to a depth of c. 600 m. The cores were used to compare the subsurface fracture patterns with those established on the basis of surface mapping.
Calibration of spectral gamma-ray logs to deltaic sedimentary facies from the Cretaceous Atane Formation, Nuussuaq Basin, West Greenland
Authors: Krarup Pedersen Gunver , Schovsbo Niels H. , Nøhr-Hansen Henrik
Published: April 2020

Gamma-ray logs are widely used as a lithology indicator in wells as part of standard petrophysical interpretations. In cored wells, gamma-ray logs should always be calibrated to the lithology in order to correct the petrophysical model. Gamma radiation is emitted from three elements, K, Th and U (potassium, thorium and uranium) which occur in minerals such as feldspar, mica, glauconite, clay minerals, zircon, titanite and apatite as well as in organic complexes. Organic-rich mudstones usually have high gamma-radiation values and quartz-rich sandstones low values. In many places, upward-coarsening successions are recognisable from the gamma log. The gamma log records the sum of radiation from K, Th and U, and their relative contributions are measured in a spectral gamma-ray log. The present case study focuses on spectral gamma-ray characterisation of the deltaic Atane Formation which shows well-developed, upward-coarsening delta-front deposits in outcrops (Fig. 1C).
Titanium minerals in Cameroon
Authors: Knudsen Christian , Penaye Joseph , Mehlsen Martin , McLimans Roger K , Kalsbeek Feiko
Published: April 2020

The mineral rutile (TiO2) is a major ore of titanium, which is used in products such as white pigment and titanium metal. The global consumption of titanium minerals in 2011 was c. 6.7 million tonnes of which 0.7 million tonnes were rutile and 6 million tonnes ilmenite (TiFeO3). Rutile is almost pure TiO2 and therefore more valuable than ilmenite (c. 1500 $/t and 300$/t, respectively). Compared with ilmenite, rutile can be processed with lower consumption of chemicals and yields less waste products. Rutile was mined in Cameroon between 1935 and 1955 when a total of 15 000 tonnes of rutile were extracted from alluvial deposits. The French Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières conducted a drilling programme in Cameroon in the 1980s which identified c. 2.6 million tonnes of rutile in discontinuous occurrences with concentrations of c. 1%. Most of the occurrences are located in small- to medium-sized riverbeds with a thickness of 1.5–4.5 m. The main alluvial rutile area is located around the town of Akonolinga, 80 km east of Yaoundé, the capital of Cameroon (Fig. 1). The rutile in the alluvial deposits was derived from the bedrock by weathering, and at some sites major, residual rutile deposits are reported from Quaternary lateritic deposits. The Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland conducted a project together with the Institut de Recherches Géologiques et Minières in Cameroon to gain a better understanding of how rutile formed in the bedrock before it was weathered out and try to tie the rutile in the alluvial deposits to its source rocks. This is done by studying the compositional variation of the rutile in the alluvial deposits and comparing it with possible bedrock sources. The compositional variation of ilmenite and monazite ((La,Ce)PO4)) and the age distribution of zircon (ZrSiO4) in alluvial sand and bedrock were also investigated. The chemical compositions of minerals in the sediments are used to infer the bedrock source of the minerals. This has particular application in many areas of Cameroon, such as the southern part of the country which is characterised by low relief and dense rain forest with bedrock outcrops that are sparse and difficult to find. Cameroon is a country in west central Africa (Fig. 1) and is called ‘Africa in miniature’ because of its cultural, geological and landscape diversity. The landscape includes beaches, deserts, mountains, rain forests and savanna. The highest point is the active volcano Mount Cameroon (4095 m), and the country is home for over 200 different linguistic groups with French and English as the official languages. Compared with other African countries, Cameroon is politically and socially stable. The country covers an area of 475 442 km2 with a population of c. 20 million of which 70% are Christians and 20% Muslims.
Pengaruh Pendekatan Realistic Mathematic Education (RME) terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Ditinjau dari Motivasi Belajar
Authors: Hasan Febiyanti , Pomalato Sarson W.Dj. , Uno Hamzah B
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Pendekatan Realistic Mathematic Education (RME) terhadap hasil belajar matematika ditinjau dari motivasi belajar matematika peserta didik. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian eksperimen semu (Quasi Eksperiment) dengan menggunakan rancangan faktorial  dilaksanakan pada siswa SMP kelas VII. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada peserta didik yang dibelajarkan dengan pendekatan RME, hasil belajar matematika peserta didik yang memiliki motivasi belajar intrinsik lebih tinggi dari peserta didik yang memiliki motivasi belajar ekstrinsik. Selain itu terdapat pengaruh interaksi antara pendekatan pembelajaran RME dan motivasi belajar peserta didik terhadap hasil belajar matematika. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa Pendekatan RME cocok di belajarkan pada peserta didik yang memiliki motivasi belajar intrinsik.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Learning Cycle dan Penalaran Formal terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika
Authors: Puluhulawa Indra , Hulukati Evi , Kaku Ali
Published: April 2020

This article discusses the effect of the Learning Cycle model on mathematics learning outcomes in terms of formal reasoning. The study was conducted in the form of experiments involving students of SMP Negeri 1 Tibawa, Gorontalo. Data on mathematics learning outcomes and formal reasoning are obtained using multiple-choice tests that meet the item validity and instrument reliability requirements. Data analysis used a two-way analysis of variance and the Tuckey Test. Hypothesis testing is performed at a significant level of 0.05. The results showed that the learning outcomes of students who were taught using the Learning Cycle model were higher than the learning outcomes of students who were taught using the direct learning model in terms of formal reasoning. This result is strengthened by the existence of a significant interaction between learning models and formal reasoning towards mathematics learning outcomes. Student learning outcomes with high formal reasoning levels, get better learning outcomes in learning with the Learning Cycle model compared to students with low formal reasoning levels.
Pembatalan Tiket Jasa Transportasi Kereta Api dan Perubahan Jadwal Penumpang Perspektif Hukum Ekonomi Syari’ah
Authors: Fawaid Fawaid
Published: April 2020

In conducting research, the authors use Islamic economic law research methods that adopt qualitative research methods including both primary data sources and secondary data, data collection techniques namely observation, interviews, documentation, data analysis techniques namely editing and organizing, checking the validity of data, and stages research stage. All this researchers use to find research results. The findings in this study are as follows: 1. In running a business as a transportation service provider, PT Kereta Api does not only focus on sales but also serves to cancel and change the schedules. 2. There are two kinds of cancellations, namely canceled buyers and canceled officers. 3. Cancellations and schedule changes are both manual and online. 4. Cancellation and schedule changes can be made as long as not exceeding the specified time limit. 5. In canceling and changing passengers' schedules, an administration fee of 25% of the ticket price is subject to administration.
Analisis terhadap Pemikiran Ekonomi Kapitalisme Adam Smith
Authors: Zainol Hasan  , Mahyudi Mahyudi
Published: April 2020

Kapitalisme merupakan orde pergaulan hidup yang hadir dari sistem produksi,  memisahkan pegawai rendahan dan alat-alat produksi. Dengan demikian, kapitalisme lebih mengemuka dari cara-cara produksi dan menjadi penyebab nilai lebih, karena tidak jatuh ke tangan kaum buruh, melainkan jatuh ke tangan kaum majikan. Karena itu pula, kapitalisme menyebabkan akumulasi kapital, konsentrasi kapital dan sentralisasi kapital. Tidak terbantahkan bahwa kapitalisme merupakan sebuah sistem ekonomi yang berorientasi pada pemenuhan kebutuhan ekonomi secara individual. Kendati demikian, orientasi individu merupakan tahap awal bagi kepentingan publik atau sosial. Dengan kata lain, sebuah sistem pemaksimalan keuntungan individu melalui kegiatan ekonomi yang dimaksudkan membantu kepentingan publik. Adam Smith sebagai bapak kapitalisme menyatakan bahwa teori dasar kapitalisme adalah dengan mengetahui ciri dasar sistem tersebut.