bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 9 Protects Against Myocardial Infarction by Improving Lymphatic Drainage Function and Triggering DECR1-Mediated Mitochondrial Bioenergetics
Authors: Duan Zikun , Huang Zhouqing , Lei Wei , Zhang Ke , Xie Wei , Jin Hua , Wu Maolan , Wang Ningrui , Li Xiaokun , Xu Aimin , Zhou Hao , Wu Fan , Li Yulin , Lin Zhuofeng
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

BMP9 (bone morphogenetic protein 9) is a member of the TGF-β (transforming growth factor β) family of cytokines with pleiotropic effects on glucose metabolism, fibrosis, and lymphatic development. However, the role of BMP9 in myocardial infarction (MI) remains elusive.

METHODS:

The expressional profiles of BMP9 in cardiac tissues and plasma samples of subjects with MI were determined by immunoassay or immunoblot. The role of BMP9 in MI was determined by evaluating the impact of BMP9 deficiency and replenishment with adeno-associated virus–mediated BMP9 expression or recombinant human BMP9 protein in mice.

RESULTS:

We show that circulating BMP9 and its cardiac levels are markedly increased in humans and mice with MI and are negatively associated with cardiac function. It is important to note that BMP9 deficiency exacerbates left ventricular dysfunction, increases infarct size, and augments cardiac fibrosis in mice with MI. In contrast, replenishment of BMP9 significantly attenuates these adverse effects. We further demonstrate that BMP9 improves lymphatic drainage function, thereby leading to a decrease of cardiac edema. In addition, BMP9 increases the expression of mitochondrial DECR1 (2,4-dienoyl-CoA [coenzyme A] reductase 1), a rate-limiting enzyme involved in β-oxidation, which, in turn, promotes cardiac mitochondrial bioenergetics and mitigates MI-induced cardiomyocyte injury. Moreover, DECR1 deficiency exacerbates MI-induced cardiac damage in mice, whereas this adverse effect is restored by the treatment of adeno-associated virus–mediated DECR1. Consistently, DECR1 deletion abrogates the beneficial effect of BMP9 against MI-induced cardiomyopathy and cardiac damage in mice.

CONCLUSIONS:

These results suggest that BMP9 protects against MI by fine-tuning the multiorgan cross-talk among the liver, lymph, and the heart.
Stroke of Consistency: Streamlining Multicenter Protocols for Enhanced Reproducibility of Infarct Volumes in Preclinical Stroke Research
Authors: Llovera Gemma , Langhauser Friederike , Isla Cainzos Sara , Hoppen Maike , Abberger Hanna , Mohamud Yusuf Ayan , Mencl Stine , Heindl Steffanie , Ricci Alessio , Haupeltshofer Steffen , Kuchenbecker-Pöls Lennart , Gunzer Matthias , Hansen Wiebke , Hermann Dirk M. , Gelderblom Matthias , Schmidt-Pogoda Antje , Minnerup Jens , Kleinschnitz Christoph , Magnus Tim , Liesz Arthur
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

The discrepancy between experimental research and clinical trial outcomes is a persistent challenge in preclinical studies, particularly in stroke research. A possible factor contributing to this issue is the lack of standardization across experimental stroke models, leading to poor reproducibility in multicenter studies. This study addresses this gap by aiming to enhance reproducibility and the efficacy of multicenter studies through the harmonization of protocols and training of involved personnel.

METHODS:

We established a set of standard operating procedures for various stroke models and the Neuroscore. These standard operating procedures were implemented across multiple research centers, followed by specialized, in-person training for all participants. We measured the variability in infarct volume both before and after the implementation of these standardized protocols and training sessions.

RESULTS:

The standardization process led to a significant reduction in variability of infarct volume across different stroke models (40%–50% reduction), demonstrating the effectiveness of our harmonized protocols and training. Additionally, the implementation of the Neuroscore system across centers showed low variability and consistent results up to 28 days poststroke, underscoring its utility in chronic phase evaluations.

CONCLUSIONS:

The harmonization of protocols and surgeon training significantly reduced variability in experimental outcomes across different centers. This improvement can increase the comparability of data between research groups and enhance the statistical power of multicenter studies. Our findings also establish the Neuroscore as a reliable tool for long-term assessment in stroke research, paving the way for more consistent and impactful multicenter preclinical studies.
Sex-Stratified Genome-Wide Association Study in the Spanish Population Identifies a Novel Locus for Lacunar Stroke
Authors: Cárcel-Márquez Jara , Muiño Elena , Gallego-Fabrega Cristina , Cullell Natalia , Lledós Miquel , Llucià-Carol Laia , Martín-Campos Jesús M. , Sobrino Tomás , Campos Francisco , Castillo José , Freijo Marimar , Arenillas Juan Francisco , Obach Victor , Álvarez-Sabín José , Molina Carlos A. , Ribó Marc , Jiménez-Conde Jordi , Roquer Jaume , Muñoz-Narbona Lucia , Lopez-Cancio Elena , Millán Mònica , Diaz-Navarro Rosa , Vives-Bauza Cristòfol , Serrano-Heras Gemma , Segura Tomás , Ibañez Laura , Heitsch Laura , Delgado Pilar , Dhar Rajat , Krupinski Jerzy , Prats-Sánchez Luis , Camps-Renom Pol , Guasch Marina , Ezcurra Garbiñe , Blay Natalia , Sumoy Lauro , de Cid Rafael , Montaner Joan , Cruchaga Carlos , Lee Jin-Moo , Martí-Fàbregas Joan , Férnandez-Cadenas Israel
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

Ischemic stroke (IS) represents a significant health burden globally, necessitating a better understanding of its genetic underpinnings to improve prevention and treatment strategies. Despite advances in IS genetics, studies focusing on the Spanish population and sex-stratified analyses are lacking.

METHODS:

A case-control genome-wide association study was conducted with 9081 individuals (3493 IS cases and 5588 healthy controls). IS subtypes using Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment criteria were explored in a sex-stratified approach. Replication efforts involved the MEGASTROKE, GIGASTROKE, and the UK Biobank international cohorts. Post-genome-wide association study analysis included: in silico proteomic analysis, gene-based analysis, quantitative trait loci annotation, transcriptome-wide association analysis, and bioinformatic analysis using chromatin accessibility data.

RESULTS:

Identified as associated with IS and its subtypes were 4 significant and independent loci. Replication confirmed 5p15.2 as a new locus associated with small-vessel occlusion stroke, with rs59970332-T as the lead variant (beta [SE], 0.13 [0.02];
P
=4.34×10
−8
). Functional analyses revealed
CTNND2
given proximity and its implication in pathways involved in vascular integrity and angiogenesis. Integration of Hi-C data identified additional potentially modulated genes, and in silico proteomic analysis suggested a distinctive blood proteome profile associated with the lead variant. Gene-set enrichment analyses highlighted pathways consistent with small-vessel disease pathogenesis. Gene-based associations with known stroke-related genes such as
F2
and
FGG
were also observed, reinforcing the relevance of our findings.

CONCLUSIONS:

We found
CTNND2
as a potential key molecule in small-vessel occlusion stroke risk, and predominantly in males. This study sheds light on the genetic architecture of IS in the Spanish population, providing novel insights into sex-specific associations and potential molecular mechanisms. Further research, including replication in larger cohorts, is essential for a comprehensive understanding of these findings and for their translation to clinical practice.
Introducing Mr. Three: Attention, Perception, and Meaning Selection in the Acquisition of Number and Color Words
Authors: Tillman Katharine A. , Wagner Katie , Barner David
Published: September 2024

Children learn their first number words gradually over the course of many months, which is surprising given their ability to discriminate small numerosities. One potential explanation for this is that children are sensitive to the numerical features of stimuli, but don’t consider exact cardinality as a primary hypothesis for novel word meanings. To test this, we trained 144 children on a number word they hadn’t yet learned, and contrasted this with a condition in which they were merely required to attend to number to identify the word’s referent, without encoding number as its meaning. In the first condition, children were trained to find a “giraffe with three spots.” In the second condition, children were instead trained to find “Mr. Three”, which also named a giraffe with three spots. In both conditions, children had to attend to number to identify the target giraffe, but, because proper nouns refer to individuals rather than their properties, the second condition did not require children to encode number as the meaning of the expression. We found that children were significantly better at identifying the giraffe when it had been labeled with the proper noun than with the number word. This finding contrasted with a second experiment involving color words, in which children (n = 56) were equally successful with a proper noun (“Mr. Purple”) and an adjective (“the giraffe with purple spots”). Together, these findings suggest that, for number, but not for color, children’s difficulty acquiring new words cannot be solely attributed to problems with attention or perception, but instead may be due to difficulty selecting the correct meaning from their hypothesis space for learning unknown words.
Revolution, Counter-Revolution, and Political Violence in Latin America during the Long 1960s
Authors: Morales Aguilera Francisco Javier
Published: September 2024

The article reflects on the strategies of political violence used by Latin American revolutionary and counterrevolutionary actors during the long 1960s. It argues that the notions and practices of political violence used by revolutionary actors were adapted to different social, cultural and geographical realities, so there was no single strategic definition. In the case of the counterrevolution, its practices of violence were mostly linked to state apparatuses and structures, without which its expansion and survival within the public space would have been more difficult.
Clinical Yield of Acute Inflammatory Markers in the Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Trandai Brandon , Husainy Dalia , Rivera-Sepulveda Andrea
Published: September 2024

The use of inflammatory markers (IMs) in the pediatric emergency department (PED) is broad and non-specific. This retrospective, cross-sectional study of children aged 3 months to 18 years evaluated the use of IMs in the PED. The reasons for IM use were provider practice (38%), ruling out a differential diagnosis (36%), and presence of comorbidities (18%). IMs are commonly used for gastroenterology, infectious diseases, and orthopedic diseases. A third had IMs without an indication. Forty-six percent of IM testing was indicated based on medical documentation, of which only 21% had abnormal IMs. Compared to the abnormal IM values by the on-site laboratory, the IM assessment using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve threshold criterion had improved specificity and negative predictive value (NPV) based on the reason for IM use. This study suggests that the rate of abnormal IMs is low and does not affect patient outcomes in the PED.
Preschool children’s adherence to the 24-hour physical activity guidelines: A systematic review comparing the sexes
Authors: Rico-González Markel , Martín-Moya Ricardo , Mendoza-Muñoz María , Carlos-Vivas Jorge
Published: September 2024

Objective:

Physical activity (PA) is essential to promote both optimal physical and emotional health in preschool children. Hence, well-founded PA guidelines are essential. 24-hour Movement Guidelines (which include PA, recreational screen time and sleep) have been established. Thus, this study aimed to explore preschool-aged children’s adherence to the 24-hour PA guidelines assessed using microelectromechanical systems, and whether sex was a determining factor for meeting the guidelines.

Method:

A systematic review of relevant published articles was carried out using four databases (PubMed, ProQuest, SCOPUS, FECYT) up until April, 2023.

Results:

From a total of 519 studies initially located, 48 were included in our synthesis. Of the studies analysed for this review, 7 showed results below 30% compliance with the PA guidelines, 19 below 70%, and 22 from 70% to 100%. In terms of sex differences, the studies analysed in the review suggested that boys are more likely to meet PA guidelines than girls. There exists controversy about adherence to PA levels as age increases. Several studies have shown an increase in the early years (1–5) while others, although to a lesser extent, have found that total PA remained stable or decreased from 3 to 5 years.

Conclusion:

In the light of these findings, more research is needed to better understand trends in PA during the preschool years and the factors that influence them. In the meantime, promoting regular PA and reducing recreational screen time remain key priorities for the health and development of preschool-aged children.
Engaging in emotional and cultural work: Migrant mothers’ experiences of school-based sexuality education
Authors: Morin Gabrielle , Marwah Smridhi
Published: September 2024

Objective:

By looking at the school-based sexuality education experiences of migrant mothers in Tiohtià:ke-Montréal (Canada), this article aims to shed light on the diverse and often invisible ways in which parents become involved in their child’s sexuality education.

Method:

Qualitative virtual asynchronous focus groups.

Results:

The findings shed light on the different ways in which migrant mothers become engaged in their children’s sexuality education. The results showed that participants engaged with cultural perspectives by discussing sexuality education topics with their child, thereby mitigating the power imbalance between themselves and the school by building on the parent–child relationship. Mothers also made their voices heard by actively becoming involved in change.

Conclusion:

Aligned with the principles of culturally responsive education and school–family partnership, the analysis and discussion raise awareness about the limitations of existing school-based sexuality education curricula, particularly when it comes to recognising and empowering parents as primary educators. Moving forward, the research urges educational institutions and actors to learn from the challenges faced by migrant parents and the strategies they employ. This learning can then be used to inform the development of school-based sexuality education curricula and policies so as to ensure that they are more responsive to the needs of migrant students and families.
Heterogeneity of animal experiments and how to deal with it
Authors: Voelkl Bernhard , Würbel Hanno
Published: September 2024

Heterogeneity of study samples is ubiquitous in animal experiments. Here, we discuss the different options of how to deal with heterogeneity in the statistical analysis of a single experiment. Specifically, data from different sub-groups (e.g. sex, strain, age cohorts) may be analysed separately, heterogenization factors may be ignored and data pooled for analysis, or heterogenization factors may be included as additional variables in the statistical model. The cost of ignoring a heterogenization factor is an inflated estimate of the variance and a consequent loss of statistical power. Therefore, it is usually preferable to include the heterogenization factor in the statistical model, especially if the heterogenization factor has been introduced intentionally (e.g. using both sexes). If heterogenization factors are included, they can be treated either as fixed factors in an analysis of variance design or sometimes as random effects in mixed effects regression models. Finally, for an appropriate sample size estimation, it is necessary to decide whether to treat heterogenization factors as nuisance variables, or whether the experiment should be powered to be able to detect not only the main effect of the treatment but also interactions between heterogenization factors and the treatment variable.
How cage effects can hurt statistical analyses of completely randomized designs
Authors: Landes Reid D.
Published: September 2024

Cage effects: some researchers worry about them, some don’t, and some aren't even aware of them. When statistical analyses do not account for cage effects, there is real reason to worry. Regardless of researchers’ worries or lack thereof, all researchers should be aware of how cage effects can affect the results. The “how” depends, in part, on the experimental design. Here, I (a) define cage effects; (b) illustrate a completely randomized design (CRD) often used in animal experiments; (c) explain how statistical significance is artificially inflated when cage effects are ignored and (d) give guidance on proper analyses and on how to increase statistical power in CRDs.
The Development and Preliminary Validity and Reliability of Self-Disclosure to Romantic Partner (SDRP) Scale
Authors: Özdemir Münevver , Yazıcı Hikmet
Published: September 2024

The purpose of the present study was to develop and conduct a preliminary psychometric evaluation of the Self Disclosure to Romantic Partner Scale that assesses adults’ attitudes towards sharing their personal information that includes disturbing feelings, thoughts, and experiences with their romantic partners. Two studies were conducted for this purpose. The first study was carried out with 200 participants and the second study was conducted with 206 participants. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis showed a one-dimensional factor structure for the seven items of the Self Disclosure to Romantic Partner Scale. Furthermore, the results indicated that Cronbach alpha and McDonald’s omega coefficient of Self Disclosure to Romantic Partner Scale were over .70 for both studies. Taken together, these findings suggest that Self Disclosure to Romantic Partner Scale has good psychometric properties.
1,4-Diol Hq (TBHQ) vs 1,4-dithiol (TBDT); simulation of safe antioxidant with a lower carcinogenic activity
Authors: Mosavi Seyed Zahra , Colagar Abasalt Hosseinzadeh , Zahedi Tahereh , Seyedalipour Bagher
Published: September 2024

Objectives:

tert-Butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) is an antioxidant and preservative used in unsaturated vegetable oils and processed foods. However, when consumed in higher doses daily, it may pose a threat to public health by potentially increasing the risk of cancer, as it has an affinity with both the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα).

Methods:

This study aimed to examine the impact of substituting the 1,4-diol of TBHQ with 1,4-dithiol, referred to as TBDT, on the carcinogenic and antioxidant systems using computational methods. The binding affinity of TBHQ and TBDT to the two carcinogenic receptors, AhR and ERα, as well as to the antioxidant receptor Keap1 alone and in connection with Nrf2 (Nrf2-Keap1) was investigated through docking analysis.

Results:

The results indicated a decrease in TBDT's binding strength to ERα and AhR when assessed using Molegro Virtual Docker ( P-value: 0.0001 and 0.00001, respectively), AutoDock Vina ( P-value: 0.0001 and 0.0001), and the online server Fast DRH ( P-value: 0.0001 and 0.0001). However, TBDT's binding affinity to Keap1 was predicted to be significantly stronger than TBHQ's by both MVD and AutoDock Vina ( P-value: 0.0001 and 0.04), while its binding to Nrf2-Keap1 assessed to be stronger only by MVD ( P-value: 0.0001).

Conclusion:

These findings suggest that TBDT not only exhibits higher antioxidant activity as a better ligand for the antioxidant system but also shows lower affinity with the AhR and ERα receptors. Therefore, TBDT can be considered a safer compound than TBHQ.
DF-YOLO: An attempt on enhancing generalization in fabric defect detection based on YOLO network
Authors: Gu Mengshang , Zhou Jian , Pan Ruru , Gao Weidong
Published: September 2024

This article introduces Domain-fusion YOLO (DF-YOLO), a novel object detection network enhancing YOLOv5 series networks’ generalizability, particularly in fabric defect detection. DF-YOLO incorporates a unique feature extractor in its backbone, enhancing frequency domain feature perception alongside spatial information. Utilizing Fourier transform, the network better discerns fabric textures and anomalies, addressing traditional convolutional neural networks’ limited receptive field issue. Feature fusion and dimension reduction are applied for capturing latent features. In its neck, DF-YOLO integrates an improved BiFPN-based feature-fusion structure and CBAM attention mechanism, optimizing feature selection and fusion across scales. This mitigates information loss due to varying input resolutions and architecture depth. DF-YOLO marks a significant advancement in textile anomaly detection, improving generalization while maintaining efficiency. Its innovative approach benefits automated quality control, offering a sophisticated tool for industries requiring precise fabric inspection.
The Role of Firearm and Police Violence Exposure in Youth Firearm Beliefs and Access
Authors: Moss Lolita , Contreras Lexie M. , Shu Tian , Theall Katherine P. , Fleckman Julia M. , Francois Samantha
Published: September 2024

Rates of youth firearm exposure and carriage are well-established, but less work has examined how exposure to police violence and firearm violence, as victim or witness, may be associated with beliefs in gun ownership for society or access to guns. This study used survey data from a multiracial sample of 276 youth living in New Orleans, Louisiana ( M age = 17.76) to examine these associations. Results from binary logistic regressions confirmed a significant association between higher belief in gun ownership for safety and all violence exposures, directly and indirectly. We did not find support for an association between gun access and any violence exposures. The findings shed light on pathways to firearm violence risk and provide critical information on youth firearm attitudes.
Identifying Provider Barriers to the Implementation of Opioid Harm Reduction Methods: An Initial Narrative Review
Authors: Dee Stacie A. , Delonnay Ketrice-Ann , Bernard Destiny , Jean-Baptiste Fahimir
Published: September 2024

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the opioid epidemic remains a major issue in the United States, with over 80,000 deaths attributed to opioids in 2021. This public health crisis continues to impact communities across the country, highlighting the need for intervention and reflecting the nation’s failed attempts at prohibition through criminalization to reduce opioid use. Harm reduction methodshave proven to be effective in preventing adverse health outcomes and promoting the overall well-being of individuals with opioid use disorders. However, significant gaps remain in the universal implementation by healthcare providers. This review evaluated the PICOT question: What barriers exist among providers in implementing evidence-based harm reduction methods for adults aged 18 years and older, with and without opioid use disorders? A literature search was conducted across databases using key words which included: “Health care provider,” “Physician,” “Pharmacist,” “Harm reduction,” “Harm reduction programs,” “Naloxone,” “Buprenorphine-naloxone induction,” “Methadone,” “Naloxone take home kits,” “Stigma,” “Barriers,” “Negative perception,” “Refusal.” The inclusion criteria focused on identifying provider barriers, specifically regarding opioid use. . The review revealed 3 major barriers that exist among providers to prevent harm reduction: stigma, lack of education and knowledge, and lack of access to resources for long-term management. Recognizing these barriers among providers can help organizations develop targeted interventions to overcome them, leading to widespread adoption of opioid harm reduction methods. The results provide an initial narrative review of the current evidence at the time of the authors search to inform practice, policy, and future research.
Effects of the Families First Coronavirus Response Act on Coverage Continuity and Access for Medicaid Beneficiaries
Authors: Lyu Wei , Wehby George L.
Published: September 2024

The Families First Coronavirus Response Act (FFCRA) enacted in March 2020 prohibited states from redetermining Medicaid eligibility until March 31st, 2023. However, there has been little direct evidence on how the FFCRA affected coverage continuity, health care access and utilization among Medicaid beneficiaries. In this cross-sectional study, we employ data from the 2015 to 2022 National Health Interview Survey and a difference-in-differences design to study the FFCRA effects by comparing changes in outcomes between Medicaid and privately insured individuals over time. The sample is limited to non-elderly adults aged 19 to 64 years with income below 300% of the federal poverty level. We find that Medicaid beneficiaries experienced a decline in coverage interruptions in 2021 and 2022 relative to privately insured individuals. Additionally, Medicaid beneficiaries had improved access in 2021, with less reporting of unaffordable healthcare needs and delayed medical care due to cost. There were no discernable effects on hospitalizations, ED visits, and doctor/health professional visits. The continuous Medicaid coverage provision under the FFCRA was associated with enhanced coverage stability and improved access to care for Medicaid beneficiaries. Findings highlight potential benefits from new policy initiatives to improve Medicaid coverage continuity.
One Psychology Profession, Many Standards: A Narrative Review of Training, Licensing, and Practice Standards and Their Implications for International Mobility
Authors: Hosoda-Urban Tamaki , Watanabe Makiko , O’Donnell Ellen H.
Published: September 2024

This narrative review paper contrasts the professional prospects of psychologists in Japan and the U.S., discussing how divergent training, licensing, and practice standards appear to influence psychologists’ profession in each country. Licensed psychologists in the U.S. practice with significant autonomy, which can be seen as a reflection of rigorous training requirements. In contrast, certified public psychologists in Japan complete a shorter-duration training regimen yet encounter more restrictive professional standards and greater financial challenges. These varying standards often create barriers to professional practice that impact psychologists on a global scale. Limited international mobility restricts opportunities for psychologists to learn abroad, exchange knowledge, and deliver culturally sensitive care to diverse populations, despite the need for such services among foreign individuals or immigrants in both countries. Furthermore, these disparities impede broader collaborative efforts to address global mental health challenges. Aligning training and licensing standards globally could enhance psychologists’ international mobility, ensure consistent quality of care, and foster global collaboration. This alignment could improve access to culturally sensitive psychological services and help bridge the mental health care gap worldwide. This review emphasizes the necessity of further cross-cultural comparisons to understand the impact of training and licensing standards on clinical practice quality and accessibility. By presenting this comparative analysis, the study aims to inspire similar efforts, promoting global licensing reciprocity and the integration of professional psychology in an increasingly interconnected world.
Cutaneous larva migrans, a neglected tropical disease of skin, with severe secondary eczematization at an unusual location
Authors: Patil Shrinivas , Bhatnagar Anuj , Mitra Debdeep
Published: September 2024

Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM), commonly referred to as creeping eruption, is an infectious condition caused by various types of hookworms. It primarily affects the superficial layers of the skin owing to the absence of hyaluronidases and proteases. Typically, the distal lower extremities are the most commonly affected areas. The presence of distinctive lesions characterized by erythematous, winding, or serpentine tracks, slightly elevated from the skin surface, is indicative of the condition. Diagnosis primarily relies on clinical observation. Dermoscopy reveals multiple segmented yellowish-linear regions corresponding to pustules along the larval path. Treatment typically involves the use of topical and oral ivermectin, oral albendazole, and topical thiabendazole cream.
Facial Paralysis in Otitis Media Due to Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
Authors: Chao Madeleine C. , Yazdani Yalda , Djalilian Hamid R.
Published: September 2024

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), formerly Wegener’s granulomatosis, commonly presents primarily with otitis media and hearing loss, as well as upper and lower respiratory symptoms. However, facial nerve paralysis is a rare manifestation of this uncommon necrotizing vasculitis. We report a patient with facial paralysis accompanied by otitis media. In further studies, our patient was diagnosed with GPA, which was neglected before. In such a presentation, acute suppurative otitis media is the most likely cause of the facial paralysis, but GPA must also be considered, especially in cases with new-onset, painful serous otitis, acute otitis media, or pale granulation tissue in the middle ear, in adults with no previous history of Eustachian tube dysfunction.
Perfusion Steroid via Ventilation Tube as Salvage Treatments for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Mingbao Yang , Bei Zhang , Yafeng Guan , Xiuni Liang , Beiping Miao
Published: September 2024

Objectives: Intratympanic steroid injection (ISI) for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is a relatively popular and effective method, but there is no standardized method for intratympanic steroids for the treatment of SSNHL and no consensus on how to deliver steroids to the middle ear. The purpose of this study was to compare 2 means of intratympanic steroid delivery as therapy for SSNHL. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed for the period from November 2018 to October 2022 at our Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery. Sixty patients with profound SSNHL who have failed initial steroid therapy were divided into the continuously transtympanic steroid perfusion (TSP) therapy and the intermittent ISI therapy. Results: Posttreatment pure-tone average was 60.3 ± 18.2 dB in the TSP group and 67.5 ± 22.6 dB in the ISI group, 70.0% of subjects in the TSP group, and 46.7% of subjects in the ISI group had improved by 15 dB or more after the therapy. The increased hearing threshold of the TSP group (24.6 ± 14.1 dB) was better than the ISI group (16.6 ± 14.9 dB), and the hearing recovery was significantly different ( P < .05) in the 2 groups. Besides the hearing improvement was most obvious in low-frequency areas in the TSP group, the most significant hearing improvement was at 250 Hz, reaching 30.8 ± 3.3 dB. Conclusions: In SSNHL patients who have failed initial steroid therapy, TSP therapy via a ventilation tube can achieve good hearing outcomes and serve as a salvage therapy for patients with SSNHL.
Cochlear Implantation in a Patient with Intractable Tinnitus: A Case Report of an Endoscope-Assisted Approach
Authors: Lee Seung Jae , Lee Jong Dae
Published: September 2024

Preservation of residual hearing and vestibular function is a crucial factor in cochlear implantation (CI), especially in patients with residual low-frequency hearing thresholds. We report a case of a patient who underwent unilateral endoscope-assisted CI with a challenging surgical view following rigorous posterior tympanotomy. A 53-year-old male presented with left-sided intractable tinnitus due to sudden sensorineural hearing loss that had occurred 10 years prior. Due to the abnormal location of the round window (RW), which was far more posterior and inferior than usual and impeded insertion of the electrode using the conventional RW approach, endoscope-assisted CI was performed. Pure-tone audiometry at 3 months after CI revealed satisfactory hearing thresholds. Furthermore, there was alleviation of the left-sided tinnitus, which was indicated by a marked decrease in both the subjective visual analog scale loudness and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory scores. With proper indications, we strongly recommend applying the RW approach with endoscopic assistance over conventional bony cochleostomy for the preservation of low-frequency hearing thresholds in cases where RW visualization is insufficient following posterior tympanotomy.
How Academic-Based Survey Research Organizations Inform and Influence the Development of Subnational Public Policy
Authors: Kromer Mileah K. , Blake William D.
Published: September 2024

This field note describes how public polling produced by academic-based survey research organizations provides state and local policymakers with information regarding public preferences. Utilizing a case study from Maryland, we describe how one such organization—the Goucher College Poll—informed the policy response to the COVID-19 pandemic in realtime. Although the American Political Science Association was founded with an eye toward applied research, academic-based survey research organizations are among the few institutions in the discipline that continue to carry out this mission in earnest.
The influence of generative AI on popular music: Fan productions and the reimagination of iconic voices
Authors: Galuszka Patryk
Published: September 2024

This essay explores the burgeoning phenomenon of fan-generated content that utilizes generative artificial intelligence (AI) to mimic the voices of deceased or retired popular music artists. This practice can be seen as an extension of Digital Audio Workstations’ (DAWs’) capabilities, potentially leading to the creation of musical pieces that resemble traditional covers and mash-ups. The essay analyzes three representative works in this creative category. Two of them are of a fan nature, exploring imagined alternative paths in the development of popular music, while the third is a parody. As these examples demonstrate, the rise of AI covers raises numerous questions. These include concerns about the nature of human creativity and the potential response of the music industries to this technology’s proliferation.
A Cross-Sectional Trait Versus State Biomarker Analysis of Inflammatory Cytokines and miRNAs in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Rockson Christopher , Girish Chandrashekaran , Natarajan Harivenkatesh , Menon Vikas
Published: September 2024

Background:

Inflammatory cytokines are associated with the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Nevertheless, whether they are trait or state biomarkers remains unclear. We aimed to assess and compare selected cytokines, miRNAs, and oxidative stress biomarker levels between patients with MDD, first-degree relatives (FDRs), and unrelated healthy controls (UHCs).

Methods:

Using a cross-sectional design, we recruited patients with MDD, their FDRs and age, gender, body mass index-matched UHCs. Serum levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, hs-CRP, and IL-10 were evaluated using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. We quantified the gene expressions of plasma miR-16, miR-132, and miR-1202 using Quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). We estimated the total oxidant status and total antioxidant status levels in the serum by ELISA. We used sequential multiple linear regression analysis to find the association between MDD vs. UHCs (model 1), FDRs vs. UHCs (model 2), and MDD vs. FDRs (model 3) after adjusting for age, gender, and BMI as covariates.

Results:

The study involved 50 patients with MDD (mean age = 34.7 ± 10.1 years), 31 FDRs (mean age = 32.7 ± 12.2 years), and 50 UHCs (mean age = 34.1 ± 10.3 years). Patients with MDD had higher levels IL-6 (β = 6.04; 95% CI; 1.60 to 10.49; p = 0.008) and downregulated miR-1202 (β = –0.38; 95% CI: –0.70 to –0.06; p = 0.02) compared to FDRs with statistically significant differences.

Conclusion:

The higher levels of serum IL-6 and downregulated plasma miR-1202 expression in patients with MDD compared to FDRs may be a state biomarkers in MDD. However, an adequately powered study can answer these questions with certainty.
The Iron Road to Redemption: Railway Development and the Ghost of Spanish Decline in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Webb Joel C.
Published: September 2024

The opening of Spain's first railway in 1848 inaugurated a short-lived period of railway euphoria that consumed the imaginations of Spaniards and resulted in the rapid development of nearly 5,000 km of track. While most historians of Spain's nineteenth century concede that the effort failed to trigger the industrialization many had hoped for, it did stimulate the minds of those primed to fantasize about the Spanish future then being constructed with iron and steam. Fueling these dreams of a hyper-modernized future was the dark specter of Spanish decline, a narrative with roots in the seventeenth century and an influential cultural force in the nineteenth. Nineteenth-century railway boosters and journalists frequently conjured up stirring images of a prostrate Spain being lifted out of the mire of decline and re-joining the nations of Europe. This article explores how popular anticipation at the prospect of railways prompted an infectious feeling of possibility that echoed across Spain and promised, if only for a bright and fleeting moment, to ease Spanish insecurities and allow the nation to finally free itself of the terrible burden of its past failures.
Toughening of a vacuum diffusion-bonded heterostructured AZ31/WE94/AZ31 alloy by interfacial reinforcement
Authors: Zhang Tong , Yu Yandong , Li Lei , Gao Bo , Zhou Hao
Published: September 2024

Heterostructured materials have recently attracted extensive attentions from the materials community due to their superior combination of strength and ductility as compared to the conventional homogeneous counterparts. In the present study, the laminate AZ31/WE94/AZ31 Mg alloy was produced by vacuum diffusion bonding. The post annealing was carried out to improve the mechanical properties of the heterostructured Mg alloy. It is found the elemental diffusion and formation of interfacial phases enhance the interface bonding strength, thereby improving the comprehensive mechanical properties. The laminate sample annealed at 470 °C for 12 h shows a superior mechanical properties with a yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation of 158 MPa, 212 MPa and 12.9%, respectively. The higher annealing temperature leads to the growth of interfacial phase, which provides preferential nucleation sites for crack initiation and weakens the tensile properties.
Guiding computationally intensive theory development with explainable artificial intelligence: The case of shapley additive explanations
Authors: Stoffels Dominik , Faltermaier Stefan , Strunk Kim Simon , Fiedler Marina
Published: September 2024

This study advances the field of Computationally Intensive Theory Development (CTD) by examining the capabilities of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), in particular SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), for theory development, while providing guidelines for this process. We evaluate SHAP’s methodological abilities and develop a structured approach for using SHAP to harness insights from black-box predictive models. For this purpose, we leverage a dual-methodological approach. First, to assess SHAP’s capabilities in uncovering patterns that shape a phenomenon, we conduct a Monte-Carlo simulation study. Second, to illustrate and guide the theory development process with SHAP for CTD, we apply SHAP in a use-case using real-world data. Based on these analyses, we propose a stepwise uniform and replicable approach giving guidance that can benefit rigorous theory development and increase the traceability of the theorizing process. With our structured approach, we contribute to the use of XAI approaches in research and, by uncovering patterns in black-box prediction models, add to the ongoing search for next-generation theorizing methods in the field of Information Systems (IS).
We need autonomy! The role of job autonomy and autonomous motivation in employees’ work engagement in the outsourcing sector: A systematic mixed-method illustrative case study
Authors: Kusik Diana , Tokarz Aleksandra , Garlak Mikołaj , Kałwak Weronika
Published: September 2024

The outsourcing sector continues to experience significant growth but is still experiencing rising voluntary turnover due to loss of employees’ engagement. This systematic mixed-method illustrative case study focuses on how leaders can stimulate employees’ work engagement in outsourcing companies. This research is the result of 1 year of intensive fieldwork in an outsourcing organization and includes quantitative data from an online survey and qualitative data from focus group discussions. The results show that employees who have a higher level of work engagement also have higher intrinsic motivation, and the strength of this prototypical autonomous motivation in predicting work engagement is higher than that of other predictors. Leadership practices and relevant behaviors were identified that can be used in interventions in outsourcing companies to stimulate employees’ intrinsic motivation and work engagement.
Mechanical Characteristics of Bivalve (Mollusc) Shells from the East Coast of India: Implications and Their Significance on the Survival Strategy
Authors: Subba Rohan , Ghosh Anupam , Chaudhuri Susanta , Mukherjee Ritabrata
Published: September 2024

Due to natural selection, an increase in biotic and abiotic factors develops an adaptive response in bivalves (molluscs) for survival. Morphological variation in a bivalve is strongly correlated with the changes in the structural and compositional properties of a shell. Therefore, the mechanical characteristics of a shell reflect its morpho-functional adaptation against predation and ecological stresses. An initial investigation into the primary mechanical attributes of predominant bivalve shells from the east coast of India, Tegillarca granosa, Meretrix meretrix, Sunetta meroe, Mactra turgida and Donax scortum, has been documented in this study. The quantitative assessment of the centreline thickness, Vickers hardness and density variation of the shells were measured and correlated along with the preliminary investigation of the microstructural patterns. The results from our study are in agreement with the most vulnerable region of a shell, located just below the umbonal zone, which has been verified through predatory boreholes in other studies. Our data shows a high correlation between shell hardness and density, which could also be the potential properties to consider in detail for future studies, apart from the shell thickness, which could provide a broader perspective on the stability of bivalve shells. Different microstructural patterns observed in the species could be phylogenetically driven based on their life modes.
Supporting Arab-American Families Living With Dementia: Testing a Culturally Adapted Program
Authors: Ajrouch Kristine J. , Barada Fatmeh M. , Janevic Mary R. , Antonucci Toni C.
Published: September 2024

Limited access to support services due to language and cultural barriers often results in a belief that family alone is the only option during times of need among Arab Americans. We test whether participation in a culturally adapted version of the Alzheimer’s Association “Living with Alzheimer’s” educational program is associated with positive outcomes for Arab-American care partners ( N = 58). We present a single group design using paired t-tests that demonstrate reduced care burden and increased care satisfaction from pre- to post-participation. Family conflict trended downward after program participation. Findings provide preliminary data to illustrate culturally adapted Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD) educational programs hold promise to help family members caring for a person living with ADRD, even when such programs are not generally accepted by cultural norms.
Canadian Association of Radiologists Statement on Planetary Health Education in Radiology
Authors: Brown Maura J. , Forster Bruce B. , McInnes Matthew D. F. , Komar Madeline A. , Amin Parthiv , Atwal Sukhreet , Chen Shihan , Hamwi Milad , Ladak Rahman , Malik Aleena , McKee Hayley , Wang Mark , Yang Joseph , Hamel Candyce , Hanneman Kate
Published: September 2024

The health of Canadians is already impacted by climate change due to wildfire smoke, heat domes, floods, droughts, and the changing distribution of vector borne disease. The healthcare sector contributes to climate change, accounting for approximately 4.6% of annual greenhouse gas emissions in Canada. Healthcare teams have a responsibility and opportunity to reduce harm by limiting emissions and waste, and engaging the public in understanding the planetary health links between clean air and water, a stable climate, a healthy planet and human health. Transformation of Canadian healthcare to a low carbon, climate resilient system will be enhanced by physician engagement and leadership. Cornerstones to physician participation include knowledge of the anthropogenic etiology of the climate crisis, the human health impacts, and the contribution providing healthcare makes to the climate crisis. Integration of climate change knowledge into the Canadian Radiology educational curricula is essential to position radiologists to lead transformative change in mitigation and adaptation of the healthcare system to the climate crisis. This statement is intended to provide guidelines to optimize education and research for current and future Canadian radiologists, and builds on existing planetary healthcare education publications and the Canadian Association of Radiologists Statement on Environmental Sustainability in Medical Imaging.
Refusing Gender: Intimate (Mis)Recognition of Gender Identity and Its Relation to Family Instabilities
Authors: Stone Amy L. , Nimmons Elizabeth , Salcido Robert
Published: September 2024

This study extends the literature on the impact of the family of origin on gender identity by theorizing about refusing gender. We define refusing gender as the intimate refusal of gender identity by family members that is perceived as intentional and deliberate by transgender and nonbinary people in the United States. In this article, we demonstrate how refusing gender is intimate, perceived as intentional, embedded within existing family instabilities, and disruptive of family relationships. This study is based on interviews from a racially diverse group of 25 transgender and nonbinary adults in Texas, half of whom report high rates of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Findings contribute to gender theory by revealing the importance of the family in recognizing gender identity. This research makes novel connections between existing family instability, including histories of abuse, and gender refusal. We embed gender recognition within persistent family dynamics, including long-standing family instabilities and family violence, arguing that these family dynamics persist in the lives of adult children. Overall, these findings demonstrate how cisnormativity is reproduced in family life, filling significant gaps in theorizing about transgender and nonbinary family life.