bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimum Placement of Wireless Access Point for Mobile Robot Positioning in an Indoor Environment
Authors: Ismail Abdul Halim ,   System and Control Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Tasaki Ryosuke , Kitagawa Hideo , Terashima Kazuhiko ,   School of Mechatronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP),   Department of Electronic Control Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Gifu College
Published: April 2016

[abstFig src='/00280002/07.jpg' width=""300"" text='The placement objective so that the particular arrangement could provide enough signal data to the mobile robot' ]The Wireless Positioning System (WPS) has gained increasing attention for mobile robot applications in indoor environments over conventional on-board sensors. This is mainly due to their cost effectiveness as well as adaptability for future use. Many literatures on WPS adapted existing wireless infrastructures such as WiFi for mobile robot usage, resulting in relatively impractical accuracy for mobile robot application. A systematic technique must be sought in order to place the wireless nodes where coverage could be maximized and be suitable for a mobile robot positioning system via fingerprinting technique. We propose an effective and simple means to optimize wireless access point (AP) placement. Simulation results by ITU-R P.1238 MWF signal propagation model with automatic wall crossing computation have ensured the maximum coverage for human users using a minimum number of wireless nodes as possible. The mobile robot positioning error employing the weightedk-nearest neighbor algorithm (WKNN) with the average signal strength as fingerprint database yielded significant results when the proposed placements are used over symmetrical placements.
The Nutritive Value of Cocoa Shell in Ruminants
Authors: Mahyuddin P.
Published: April 2016

Abstract dalam bentuk hard copy
Strategy of Goat Farming Improvement in Upland Watersheds
Authors: Setiani C. , Hermawan A.
Published: April 2016

Abstrak dalam bentuk hard copy
Viscosity and Proteolysis of Yoghurt Using Ropy Strains, in the Presence of Bifidobacteria, as Compared to Those of Soyoghurt
Authors: Murti T. W. , Desmazeaud M. J.
Published: April 2016

Abstrak dalam bentuk hard copy
The Effect of B-Adrenergic Agonist Injection and Feeding Energy Level on Blood Plasma Non-Esterified Fatty Acids in The Lactating Dairy Ewe
Authors: Agus Ali , Bocquier Francois , Ferlay Anne , Chilliard Yves
Published: April 2016

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Pengaruh Penjemuran terhadap Kenyamanan dan Kinerja Produksi Sapi Peranakan Ongole (The Effects of Sun-Bathing on the Ongole Crossbred Cattle’s Comfort and Performances)
Authors: (Panjono) Panjono , Widyobroto Budi Prasetyo , Suhartanto Bambang , Baliarti Endang
Published: April 2016

This experiment was conducted to observe the effects of sun-bathing on the Ongole Crossbred cattle’s comfort and performances. Eight heads of 1.5–2 years aged Ongole crossbreed bulls were divided into two groups. All of cattle were white in color. The first group was sun-bathed at 07.00–11.00 am. The second group (control) was raised in the barn whole day. The experiment was held for 90 days. The data collected were environmental conditions (air temperature and humidity, wind speed, and light intensity), physiological conditions, behaviors, feed intake, digestibility, average daily gain and feed conversion. The data was analyzed by student-t test. The result showed that there were no significant differences on humidity, win speed, and light intensity in both places at 07.00–11.00 am. The temperature on the sunbathing place at 09.00 am. was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that in the barn. The pulse rate on the second group was higher (P<0.01) than the first group. There were no significant differences of rectal temperature and respiration frequency on both groups. There were no significant differences behaviors except ruminating duration of the first group was longer (P<0.01). There were no significant differences on feed intake,
digestibility, average daily gain, and feed conversion on both groups. It was concluded that sun-bathing gave comfortable environment for cattle, but did not affect on the cattle’s performance.

(Key words: Cattle, Sun-bathing, Comfort, Performance)
Karakteristik Kimia dan Mikrostruktur Otot Longissimus Dorsi dan Biceps Femoris dari Sapi Glonggong (Chemical Characteristics and Microstructure of Longissimus Dorsi and Biceps Femoris Muscle of Glonggong Beef Cattle)
Authors: Prasetyo Amrih , (Soeparno) Soeparno , Suryanto Edi , (Rusman) Rusman
Published: April 2016

The study was conducted to evaluate chemical and microstructure characteristics of glonggong (excessive drink) meat compared with the normal meat. The meat samples were taken from Boyolali Regency, came from five glonggong male Ongole grade cattle, and from five normal cattle with the average life weight of 250–300 kg. The chemical data were analyzed by using analysis of variance of 2x2 factorial patterns. The microstructure characteristics were also analyzed descriptively. The water content of glonggong meat was higher compared with that of normal meat on BF and LD muscle, average water content was 80.64% and 80.14% vs 78.60% and 74.57%, respectively. The protein contents of BF (15.98%) and LD (16.17%) was lower than the protein contents normal meat of BF (21.08%) and LD (21.07%), respectively. The Result of statistical analyzed shows significant pengglonggongan of cattle before slaughtered (P<0.05) to meat fat value at every muscle. The meat lactic acid value of glonggong meat of LD muscle was lower than that of normal meat of LD muscle (2815.891 vs 6827.77 ppm). There was a damage of glonggong meat microstructure of LD, BF muscle and also of liver organ. In conclusion, glonggong meat had a lower chemical characteristics compared with the normal meat.

(Key words: Chemical, Microstructure, Meat, Glonggong)
Kegiatan Bisnis Layanan Pemeliharaan Ternak : Studi Kasus di Unit Breeding Services Elders Limited Australia (Animal Breeding Services Business Activity : Study Case in Breeding Services Unit at Elders Limited Australia)
Authors: Maharani Dyah
Published: April 2016

This paper describes the business activity of animal breeding services in livestock services company at Elders Limited Australia. Primary and secondary data in this paper were collected from Elders Limited Australia database and Elders staff interviewed. Data were analyzed in full descriptively. The study indicated that the business of breeding services can help the farmer especially breeder to improve the genetic performance of their cattle farm and help them to make the decision of breeding program. The product of Elders Breeding Services are semen sales, breed exact and next exact program (breeding program), Taylor Made Seedstock (embryo transfer program). The breeding services also help farmers to promote their product by using Elders Limited website. In Australia, the using breeding services are more effective and efficient than the farmers conducting their farm by their own program.

(Key words: Business activity, Breeding services, Elders Limited)
PENILAIAN PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM PENGEMBANGAN AGRIBISNIS PETERNAKAN SAPI POTONG DI KABUPATEN SEKADAU, KALIMANTAN BARAT
Authors: Wibowo Mikael Heri Setiyo , Guntoro Budi , Sulastri Endang
Published: April 2016

bjectives of this research were to analyze the characteristic of social demography of farmer’s participated in program and to carryout assessment. The implementation of agribusiness development program of beef cattle farming
in Sekadau Regency. This research was conducted from August until October 2009. One hundred and eight farmers participated in the program as respondents, selected by proportionate random sampling method, from five villages,
locations of the program of livestock grant. Data of increasing population, number of investor, social demography characteristic of respondents and income contribution from beef cattle farming were analyzed by quantitative descriptive. Data of program implementation process, input and program implementation were analyzed by qualitative descriptive. Result showed that the beef cattle population increased about 152 heads and the investor increased about
58 investors, respondent characteristics were age was 42.30±5.87 years old, majority of education level was on elementary school 43.52%, length of farming experience was 1.61±1,20 years, averages of cattle owning 1.88±1.05
Livestock Unit (LU), the number of family support 3.36±1.15 head, and averages of time allocation of farming 0.078±0.082 HOK/LU/day, average income contribution from beef cattle farming was rangery from 8.21-24.09%.
Program’s socialization in Sekadau Regency was not effective because many of the farmers had not fully understood about the objective and the implementation of the program, there was a distortion on the selection of farmers who
received livestock grant, farmer groups were not established based on the rule, were not involved members the arrangement of group business plan, breed determination and cattle specification, cattle’s specifications were not suitable with the condition. On the implementation step, there was a distortion of the fund, cattle specification and cost burden to the member, difference on mechanism of livestock grant revolving in each village. The increase of beef
cattle population had not reached the determined target. It could be concluded that the implementation of agribusiness development program in Sekadau Regency has not been optimal.

(Keywords: Social demography characteristic, Program implementation, Beef cattle)
PRE WEANING GROWTH OF BALI CALVES AT BALAI PEMBIBITAN TERNAK UNGGUL SAPI BALI
Authors: Tavares Luis , Baliarti Endang , Bintara Sigit
Published: April 2016

Balai Pembibitan Ternak Unggul is a breeding center established by the Government of Indonesia (GOI) to perform preservation, breeding, breeding stock production and development, and also the distribution of breeding stock of Excellent Bali cattle at national level. In the production of excellent breeding stock through the performance test and progeny test. Pre-weaning growth is one of the important indicators for the population growth. The study was aimed to identify the pre-weaning calf growth rate of Bali cattle in 2010-2011, born from performance-test-passing-dams that were collectively reared with progeny-test-passing sires. Materials used were 84 pre-weaning Bali calves. This was a survey method-based descriptive analysis research. The results showed that in terms of the performance of pre-weaning growth, the birth weights of male and female calves were 18.37±1.65 kg and 18.27±1.29 kg, respectively. The weaning weights of male and female calves were 93.53±21.00 kg and 87.66±12.04 kg, respectively, with weaning time of 205 days. The average of daily weight gain (ADG) were 0.37±0.10 kg/head/day (male) and 0,34±0,06 kg/head/day (female). It was concluded that the pre-weaning calf growth rate of Bali cattle at the BPTU Bali in 2010-2011 were moderately high since they were born from the dams and the sires passing the performance test and progeny test.

(Keywords: Pre-weaning growth, Bali cattle)
ESTIMASI OUTPUT BABI DI KABUPATEN TABANAN PROVINSI BALI
Authors: Soewandi Bayu Dewantoro Putro , (Sumadi) Sumadi , Hartatik Tety
Published: April 2016

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membuat estimasi output pada babi Bali dan babi Landrace di Kabupaten Tabanan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di lima kecamatan di Kabupaten Tabanan dengan mengambil 150 peternak. Data yang diambil adalah identitas peternak, komposisi, dan reproduksi ternak babi Bali dan babi Landrace. Estimasi output dihitung dengan cara pendekatan teori pemuliaan. Hasil dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa nilai natural increase babi Bali dan babi Landrace sebesar 60,93 dan 116,38%. Nilai net replacement rate jantan dan betina babi Bali dan jantan dan betina babi Landrace sebesar 7.664,29 dan 1.844,05% serta 15.033,33 dan 1.386,47%. Nilai output pada babi Bali jantan dan betina sebesar 30,78 dan 23,58% atau 360 dan 114 ekor serta jantan dan betina pada babi Landrace sebesar 45,57 dan 70,49% atau 6.722 dan 10.009 ekor. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah estimasi output pada babi Bali jantan (30,78%) lebih besar daripada babi Bali betina (23,58%), sedangkan pada estimasi output babi Landrace jantan (45,57%) lebih kecil daripada babi Landrace betina (70,49%).

(Kata kunci: Estimasi output, Babi Bali, Babi Landrace)
Interpreting the seasonal and long-term trend of nitrate in both groundwater and spring water in a typical headwater wetland with well-defined groundwater flow pathways
Authors: Cao Yingjie , Tang Changyuan , Han Zhiwei , Yoko Sako , Li Xing
Published: April 2016

Timescale problems of nitrate behavior (i.e. seasonal variation and long-term trend) in headwater are closely related to its hydrological process. In a typical agricultural headwater catchment in the Chiba prefecture, Japan, the groundwater nitrate concentration showed an increasing trend, while for spring water, a substantial decreasing trend was observed during our monitoring period. Two key issues, (1) identification of multiple flow pathways and (2) evaluation of the residence time for different pathways, were emphasized to reveal the factors controlling the different patterns of nitrate trend. Three major flow pathways including vertical soil water flow (VF), lateral groundwater flow (LG) and deep groundwater flow (DG) along the upland-slope-valley were differentiated. Different timescales of three flow pathways were identified. The residence time of VF was calculated as 9–10 years based on the soil water budget equation and the apparent age of LG was estimated as 41 years by chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) traces. The increasing trend of NO3− in groundwater agreed well with the historical nitrate loading, and the decreasing trend of NO3− in spring was mainly influenced by nitrate behavior of LF, which substantially decreased due to reduction of nitrogen fertilizer loadings since 2000.
1,2-dichloroethane removal by Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk and Pseudomonas putida BCC 23535
Authors: Saiyood Sawitree , Inthorn Duangrat , Vangnai Alisa , Thiravetyan Paitip
Published: April 2016

The purpose of this work was to investigate the ability of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk and Pseudomonas putida BCC 23535 to remove 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA) in contaminated water under hydroponic conditions. B. gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk is a representative mangrove plant that can tolerate high levels of 1,2-DCA with a lethal dose 50 (LD50) of 34.67 mM. A concentration of 10 mM 1,2-DCA was chosen in the present study because it had no adverse effect on the plant. Using B. gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk alone could completely remove 1,2-DCA over four cycles of 1,2-DCA exposure. P. putida BCC 23535 alone could also remove 1,2-DCA but the efficiency was lower than B. gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk. The combination of B. gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk and P. putida BCC 23535 could completely remove 1,2-DCA within 6 days, which was more effective than the individual plants alone. P. putida BCC 23535 can be applied in 1,2-DCA contaminated water in groundwater which B. gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk can be used in above ground contaminated environments. Therefore, this study suggests that both B. gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk and P. putida BCC 23535 are alternative ways to treat 1,2-DCA in contaminated environments.
Role of low molecular weight organic acids on pyrite dissolution in aqueous systems: implications for catalytic chromium (VI) treatment
Authors: Kantar Cetin
Published: April 2016

A systematic study combining batch experiments with spectroscopic analyses was carried out to better understand the effects of various organic acids on pyrite dissolution and subsequent Cr(VI) removal in aqueous systems. Our results suggest that organic acids had no effect on total Fe dissolution from pyrite relative to systems containing no acid. However, while nearly 100% of total Fe dissolved from pyrite was in Fe(II) form in the absence of ligands, the addition of organic acids led to significant oxidation of Fe(II) species to Fe(III). The degree and extent of Fe(II) oxidation increased in the order: tartrate < salicylate < oxalate ≈ citrate < EDTA. Except for salicylate (an aromatic compound), this stimulatory effect observed in Fe(II) oxidation was well correlated with the strength of Fe-ligand complexes. In systems containing Cr(VI), the amount of Fe dissolved increased significantly relative to non-Cr(VI) containing system, and the ligands enhanced the dissolution of surface oxidation products from pyrite. Overall, it is clear that the dissolution of pyrite with organic acids had very little effect on solution phase Cr(VI) removal, but significantly stimulated surface phase Cr(VI) reduction by removing surface oxidation products, and thus creating new surface sites for extended Cr(VI) removal.
Semi-Empirical Models and Cubic Equations of State for Correlation of Solids Solubility in scCO2: From Simple to Complex Substances
Authors: Coelho Jose A.P. , Filipe Rui M. , Palavra António F. , Naydenova Greta P. , Yankov Dragomir S. , Stateva Roumiana P.
Published: April 2016

The present paper examines the performance of cubic equations of state (CEoSs) and semi-empirical density-based models in correlating the solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) of several solid compounds of interest to the food industry, namely 2-propenamide, bixin, β-carotene and C-tetramethylcalix[4]resorcinarene. The four target solutes are with increasing structural complexity and, are typically pure solids, at ambient or slightly elevated temperatures.

The Soave-Kwong-Redlich (SRK) CEoS with the one-fluid van der Waals mixing rule was chosen as representative of the class of CEoSs, while the group of the density-based models includes Chrastil model, Kumar and Johnston model, Bartleet al. model, Méndez–Santiago and Teja model, Garlapati and Madras model, Nejadet al. model and Khansaryet al. model.

The results obtained reveal that the more recently advocated density-based models (Garlapati and Madras, Nejadet al. and Khansaryet al. models) perform better than the other models with overall average absolute deviations, AARD %, of 6.3, 7.8 and 7.2 %, respectively. The 9.1% overall AARD for the SRK CEoS was considered satisfactory since it can be used as a reliable thermodynamic model to predict the solubility of any compound for which there are no sufficient experimental data available.
Provider Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Surrounding Conservative Management for Patients with Advanced CKD
Authors: Parvez Sanah , Abdel-Kader Khaled , Pankratz V. Shane , Song Mi-Kyung , Unruh Mark
Published: April 2016

Background and objectives

Despite the potential benefits of conservative management, providers rarely discuss it as a viable treatment option for patients with advanced CKD. This survey was to describe the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of nephrologists and primary care providers regarding conservative management for patients with advanced CKD in the United States.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We developed a questionnaire on the basis of a literature review to include items assessing knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported practices of conservative management for patients with advanced CKD. Potential participants were identified using the American Medical Association Physician Masterfile. We then conducted a web-based survey between April and May of 2015.

Results

In total, 431 (67.6% nephrologists and 32.4% primary care providers) providers completed the survey for a crude response rate of 2.7%. The respondents were generally white, men, and in their 30s and 40s. Most primary care provider (83.5%) and nephrology (78.2%) respondents reported that they were likely to discuss conservative management with their older patients with advanced CKD. Self-reported number of patients managed conservatively was >11 patients for 30.6% of nephrologists and 49.2% of primary care providers. Nephrologists were more likely to endorse difficulty determining whether a patient with CKD would benefit from conservative management (52.8% versus 36.2% of primary care providers), whereas primary care providers were more likely to endorse limited information on effectiveness (49.6% versus 24.5% of nephrologists) and difficulty determining eligibility for conservative management (42.5% versus 14.3% of nephrologists). There were also significant differences in knowledge between the groups, with primary care providers reporting more uncertainty about relative survival rates with conservative management compared with different patient groups.

Conclusions

Both nephrologists and primary care providers reported being comfortable with discussing conservative management with their patients. However, both provider groups identified lack of United States data on outcomes of conservative management and characteristics of patients who would benefit from conservative management as barriers to recommending conservative management in practice.
Provider Perspectives on Advance Care Planning for Patients with Kidney Disease: Whose Job Is It Anyway?
Authors: O’Hare Ann M. , Szarka Jackie , McFarland Lynne V. , Taylor Janelle S. , Sudore Rebecca L. , Trivedi Ranak , Reinke Lynn F. , Vig Elizabeth K.
Published: April 2016

Background and objectives

There is growing interest in efforts to enhance advance care planning for patients with kidney disease. Our goal was to elicit the perspectives on advance care planning of multidisciplinary providers who care for patients with advanced kidney disease.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

Between April and December of 2014, we conducted semistructured interviews at the Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System with 26 providers from a range of disciplines and specialties who care for patients with advanced kidney disease. Participants were asked about their perspectives and experiences related to advance care planning in this population. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, and analyzed inductively using grounded theory.

Results

The comments of providers interviewed for this study spoke to significant system–level barriers to supporting the process of advance care planning for patients with advanced kidney disease. We identified four overlapping themes: (1) medical care for this population is complex and fragmented across settings and providers and over time; (2) lack of a shared understanding and vision of advance care planning and its relationship with other aspects of care, such as dialysis decision making; (3) unclear locus of responsibility and authority for advance care planning; and (4) lack of active collaboration and communication around advance care planning among different providers caring for the same patients.

Conclusions

The comments of providers who care for patients with advanced kidney disease spotlight both the need for and the challenges to interdisciplinary collaboration around advance care planning for this population. Systematic efforts at a variety of organizational levels will likely be needed to support teamwork around advance care planning among the different providers who care for patients with advanced kidney disease.
Exclusion of Women of Childbearing Potential in Clinical Trials of Type 2 Diabetes Medications: A Review of Protocol-Based Barriers to Enrollment
Authors: Phelan Alannah L. , Kunselman Allen R. , Chuang Cynthia H. , Raja-Khan Nazia T. , Legro Richard S.
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE

Women of childbearing potential are often excluded from participating in clinical trials owing to concerns about adverse fetal effects of treatment. This study aims to determine the prevalence of fertility-related exclusion criteria in clinical trials of type 2 diabetes medications and to determine whether these criteria are commensurate with drug risk.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

ClinicalTrials.gov was queried for trials of type 2 diabetes medications that were phase 2 or 3, were based in the U.S., and enrolled participants 18–40 years old. Six hundred eighty-eight trials met criteria. Information collected about each trial included enrollment, trial length, exclusion and inclusion criteria, trial sponsor, and pregnancy category of drug(s) administered.

RESULTS

Most studies (59%) included one or more fertility-related exclusion criteria, most often excluding current pregnancy (55%) and breast-feeding (44%). Trials of medications with increased fetal risk were not more restrictive: trials of category C drugs (evidence of fetal risks in animals) were less likely to exclude pregnancy compared with trials of category B drugs (no known human or animal fetal risks) (45.6% vs. 69.8%, odds ratio [OR] 0.37 [95% CI 0.20, 0.65], P = 0.0005) or to require contraceptive use (29.9% vs. 57.1%, OR 0.32 [95% CI 0.18, 0.56], P = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

In clinical trials of type 2 diabetes medications, exclusion criteria affecting women of childbearing potential are often disproportionate to risk to the participant and fetus. These criteria have the potential to impede young women’s access to clinical trials and may hinder the acquisition of clinical knowledge critical for improving the care of women with diabetes.
Fathers' Rights in Swedish Family Law Reform: Taking Account of Fathers' Violence against Mothers
Authors: Burman Monica
Published: April 2016

A strong assumption in Swedish family law that shared parenting and parental cooperation post-separation or divorce are preferred creates, as in many other jurisdictions, problems for mothers who try to protect themselves and their children from violent fathers. Changes in law during the last decade have, however, weakened the assumption that joint custody and extensive contact with violent fathers are the normal legal outcomes. This article analyzes how fathers' rights discourses since 2006 have been visible in, and influenced by, Swedish law reform processes on child custody and related issues, taking particular account of the context of fathers' violence against mothers. In the analysis, fathers' violence against mothers is situated within a Swedish gender equality context, and four domains of law and policy that are related to fathers' violence against mothers are delineated as an analytical framework in order to understand the dynamics of fathers' rights discourses in relation to the law reforms. The study shows that fathers' rights groups have been active and that their discourses are visible in the legislative documents but that the space for fathers' rights discourses has been somewhat restricted in law reforms since 2006. However, the author argues that the four law and policy domains seem to lack the ability to counteract fathers' rights discourses regarding economic issues. Moreover, discourses on children's rights, interests, protection, and well-being that are present within all domains have been more influential on the outcomes of the reforms than gendered discourses on fathers' violence against mothers. Even though gendered discourses on violence seem to have played a role in counteracting fathers' rights discourses, gendered discourses have struggled at the same time to influence several domains related to fathers' violence against mothers.
Emerging and Established Technologies to Increase Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Cereals
Authors: Herrera Juan , Rubio Gerardo , Häner Lilia , Delgado Jorge , Lucho-Constantino Carlos , Islas-Valdez Samira , Pellet Didier
Published: April 2016

Nitrogen (N) fertilizers are one of the most expensive inputs in agricultural settings. Additionally, the loss of N increases costs, contributes to soil acidification, and causes off-site pollution of the air, groundwater and waterways. This study reviews current knowledge about technologies for N fertilization with potential to increase N use efficiency and reduce its negative effects on the environment. Classic inorganic sources such as urea and ammonium sulfate are the major sources utilized, while controlled N release fertilizers have not been significantly adopted for cereals and oil crops. Microorganisms, with the exception of Rhizobium sp. in soybeans, are also not widely used nowadays (e.g., plant growth-promoting bacteria and cynobacteria). The interest in implementing new N fertilization knowledge is stimulating the development of sensors to diagnose the N status and decision support systems for integrating several variables to optimize sources, rates and methods of application. Among potential new technologies we identified the incipient development of nanofertilizers, nutrient formulations to coat seeds, and recycled nutrients. Furthermore, increasing concern about the environmental consequences of N may facilitate the implementation of innovations outside the farm such as more effective regulations to guide N fertilization and methods to manufacture N fertilizers that are more energy-efficient and less CO2 equivalent emitting.
Quantitative Assessment of Variational Surface Reconstruction from Sparse Point Clouds in Freehand 3D Ultrasound Imaging during Image-Guided Tumor Ablation
Authors: Deng Shuangcheng , Li Yunhua , Jiang Lipei , Liang Ping
Published: April 2016

Surface reconstruction for freehand 3D ultrasound is used to provide 3D visualization of a VOI (volume of interest) during image-guided tumor ablation surgery. This is a challenge because the recorded 2D B-scans are not only sparse but also non-parallel. To solve this issue, we established a framework to reconstruct the surface of freehand 3D ultrasound imaging in 2011. The key technique for surface reconstruction in that framework is based on variational interpolation presented by Greg Turk for shape transformation and is named Variational Surface Reconstruction (VSR). The main goal of this paper is to evaluate the quality of surface reconstructions, especially when the input data are extremely sparse point clouds from freehand 3D ultrasound imaging, using four methods: Ball Pivoting, Power Crust, Poisson, and VSR. Four experiments are conducted, and quantitative metrics, such as the Hausdorff distance, are introduced for quantitative assessment. The experiment results show that the performance of the proposed VSR method is the best of the four methods at reconstructing surface from sparse data. The VSR method can produce a close approximation to the original surface from as few as two contours, whereas the other three methods fail to do so. The experiment results also illustrate that the reproducibility of the VSR method is the best of the four methods.
Tribo-Mechanisms of Carbon Nanotubes: Friction and Wear Behavior of CNT-Reinforced Nickel Matrix Composites and CNT-Coated Bulk Nickel
Authors: Reinert Leander , Suárez Sebastian , Rosenkranz Andreas
Published: April 2016

In this study, nickel matrix composites reinforced by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are compared to unreinforced CNT-coated (by drop-casting) bulk nickel samples in terms of their friction and wear behavior, thus gaining significant knowledge regarding the tribological influence of CNTs and the underlying tribo-mechanism. It has been shown that the frictional behavior is mainly influenced by the CNTs present in the contact zone, as just minor differences in the coefficient of friction between the examined samples can be observed during run-in. Consequently, the known effect of a refined microstructure, thus leading to an increased hardness of the CNT reinforced samples, seems to play a minor role in friction reduction compared to the solid lubrication effect induced by the CNTs. Additionally, a continuous supply of CNTs to the tribo-contact can be considered isolated for the reinforced composites, which provides a long-term friction reduction compared to the CNT-coated sample. Finally, it can be stated that CNTs can withstand the accumulated stress retaining to some extent their structural state for the given strain. A comprehensive study performed by complementary analytical methods is employed, including Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy to understand the involved friction and wear mechanisms.
Microgalvanic Corrosion Behavior of Cu-Ag Active Braze Alloys Investigated with SKPFM
Authors: Kvryan Armen , Livingston Kari , Efaw Corey , Knori Kyle , Jaques Brian , Davis Paul , Butt Darryl , Hurley Michael
Published: April 2016

The nature of microgalvanic couple driven corrosion of brazed joints was investigated. 316L stainless steel samples were joined using Cu-Ag-Ti and Cu-Ag-In-Ti braze alloys. Phase and elemental composition across each braze and parent metal interface was characterized and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) was used to map the Volta potential differences. Co-localization of SKPFM with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) measurements enabled spatially resolved correlation of potential differences with composition and subsequent galvanic corrosion behavior. Following exposure to the aggressive solution, corrosion damage morphology was characterized to determine the mode of attack and likely initiation areas. When exposed to 0.6 M NaCl, corrosion occurred at the braze-316L interface preceded by preferential dissolution of the Cu-rich phase within the braze alloy. Braze corrosion was driven by galvanic couples between the braze alloys and stainless steel as well as between different phases within the braze microstructure. Microgalvanic corrosion between phases of the braze alloys was investigated via SKPFM to determine how corrosion of the brazed joints developed.
Green Technique-Solvent Free Microwave Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of New Thiopyridine Arabinosides
Authors: Maghrabi Ibrahim , Alghamdi Saleh , Alrobaian Majed , Eldeab Hany
Published: April 2016

A green protocol has been applied to synthesize a novel series of 3-cyano-2-(tri-O-acetyl-β-d-arabinopyranosylthio)pyridines in a short reaction time, in higher yields and with simpler operations, when compared with the conventional heating method. Deacetylation of the obtained acetylated arabinosides produced 2-(β-d-arabinopyranosylthio)-3-cyanopyridines. The structures of the obtained products were confirmed on the basis of spectroscopic data (FT-IR, 1D, 2D-NMR). The synthesized compounds were screened for the antimicrobial activity against a selection of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria.
Rearrangements of Cycloalkenyl Aryl Ethers
Authors: Törincsi Mercedesz , Nagy Melinda , Bihari Tamás , Stirling András , Kolonits Pál , Novak Lajos
Published: April 2016

Rearrangement reactions of cycloalkenyl phenol and naphthyl ethers and the acid-catalyzed cyclization of the resulting product were investigated. Claisen rearrangement afforded 2-substituted phenol and naphthol derivatives. Combined Claisen and Cope rearrangement resulted in the formation of 4-substituted phenol and naphthol derivatives. In the case of cycloocthylphenyl ether the consecutive Claisen and Cope rearrangements were followed by an alkyl migration. The mechanism of this novel rearrangement reaction is also discussed.
Properties of the Sodium Naproxen-Lactose-Tetrahydrate Co-Crystal upon Processing and Storage
Authors: Sovago Ioana , Wang Wenbo , Qiu Danwen , Raijada Dhara , Rantanen Jukka , Grohganz Holger , Rades Thomas , Bond Andrew , Löbmann Korbinian
Published: April 2016

Co-crystals and co-amorphous systems are two strategies to improve the physical properties of an active pharmaceutical ingredient and, thus, have recently gained considerable interest both in academia and the pharmaceutical industry. In this study, the behavior of the recently identified sodium naproxen-lactose-tetrahydrate co-crystal and the co-amorphous mixture of sodium, naproxen, and lactose was investigated. The structure of the co-crystal is described using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The structural analysis revealed a monoclinic lattice, space group P21, with the asymmetric unit containing one molecule of lactose, one of naproxen, sodium, and four water molecules. Upon heating, it was observed that the co-crystal transforms into a co-amorphous system due to the loss of its crystalline bound water. Dehydration and co-amorphization were studied using synchrotron X-ray radiation and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Subsequently, different processing techniques (ball milling, spray drying, and dehydration) were used to prepare the co-amorphous mixture of sodium, naproxen, and lactose. X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) revealed the amorphous nature of the mixtures after preparation. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed that the blends were single-phase co-amorphous systems as indicated by a single glass transition temperature. The samples were subsequently tested for physical stability under dry (silica gel at 25 and 40 °C) and humid conditions (25 °C/75% RH). The co-amorphous samples stored at 25 °C/75% RH quickly recrystallized into the co-crystalline state. On the other hand, the samples stored under dry conditions remained physically stable after five months of storage, except the ball milled sample stored at 40 °C which showed signs of recrystallization. Under these dry conditions, however, the ball-milled co-amorphous blend crystallized into the individual crystalline components.
Issues and Challenges in Spatial and Temporal Water Allocation in the Nile Delta
Authors: Wolters Wouter , Smit Robert , Nour El-Din Mohamed , Sayed Ahmed Eman , Froebrich Jochen , Ritzema Henk
Published: April 2016

“Egypt is a gift of the Nile,” wrote Herodotus, and indeed, without the Nile there would be no Egypt as the world knows it. Egypt is mainly dependent on the flow in the Nile River (with an agreed share of 55.5 BCM) and it receives about 1.3 BCM rainfall annually (mainly along the north coast). The overall water use efficiency is already high, due to e.g., water scarcity and reuse of drainage water. Egypt’s water resources are managed by the Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation (MWRI), with agriculture as by far the largest user of irrigation water, with a share of about 85%. The purpose of the paper is to discuss the major issues and challenges in the spatial and temporal allocation of water, in relation to a free cropping pattern and the characteristics of the irrigation system. We conclude that the current world-wide call for “crop-demand-based precision irrigation supply” will not be easily attainable in Egypt. Instead, “water security” in the form of “guaranteed or agreed” water supply may be a preferred water allocation aim for various reasons, including lack of large storage possibilities, impossibility of fine-tuning supplies in the system, and the needed capacity to deal with (future) droughts. Although the paper concentrates on technical issues, it is increasingly realized that the challenges are not only of a technical nature and that there is a need for integration of policies as well as a need to establish effective science–business–policy interfaces at the national level.
Comment le Nord cartographie les risques au Sud : «Conseils aux voyageurs » et «Risques-Pays » en Afrique (How the North maps risks in the South : «Travel advisories» and «Country risks » in Africa)
Authors: BOUQUET Christian
Published: April 2016

There are risks in the South that the North evaluates according to the dangers posed to it. Among these, we have chosen to highlight two, which for fifteen years, have came out of confidentiality after they were mapped. On one hand, the "Travel Advisories" that the French government displays on the website of the Foreign Affairs Ministry, and, secondly, the "Risk-Country" that COFACE (French Insurance Company for Foreign Trade) measures according to the capacities of companies and states to pay their bills or repay their debts. Thus, diplomats manage to impose a viewpoint before the spatialization of risk to travelers -understood here as strangers to the countries concerned -while their cartographers draw the limits of different shades of dangerousness. COFACE and the Ministry of Economy redraw African as a contienent of deadbeats. Once more, investors interested in this graphics representations are not nationals. The interest of this study is to show -if necessary -that territorial insecurities are initially unilateral, illustrating the selective perception of them. At the same time, attention is drawn to the fact that guarantees against the risk are unequal. Finally, this article serves to reaffirm that the geography of risk in developing countries is mainly based on the couple wealth / poverty, and that insecurities, viewed from the South, are primarily social.
La géographie de la santé à l'UMR 912 SESSTIM (Health geography at UMR 912 SESSTIM)
Authors: Handschumacher Pascal
Published: April 2016

Héritées des travaux menés au sein de l'UR 024 «Épidémiologie et prévention » et des travaux de l'UR 002 «Acteurs et systèmes de santé en Afrique », les recherches en géographie de la santé de l'UMR 912 SESSTIM connaissent actuellement un renouvellement autour de la question de la diffusion et de l 'émergence des espaces à risques sanitaires. Anciens et nouveaux travaux s 'articulent autour des homogénéités et discontinuités spatiales des risques sanitaires comme révélateurs des processus régissant la construction des territoires. L 'étude de la construction territoriale du risque sanitaire s 'est focalisée autour de plusieurs modèles-peste à Madagascar, dengue en Bolivie, diarrhées des jeunes enfants à Rufisque (Sénégal), contamination par le mercure de populations amazoniennes (Bolivie) ou saisonnalité de la méningite au Sénégal -pour comprendre les processus conduisant à la variabilité d'un risque sanitaire inscrit dans l'espace. Ces différents modèles avaient comme objectif d'identifier des déterminants et des indicateurs spatiaux de risque dans une optique de prévision et de compréhension des processus fondateurs des territoires de la santé pour un aménagement de l 'espace orienté santé. De nouveaux travaux voient le jour depuis début 2012 autour de la question de la diffusion des anthropozoonoses au Sénégal et au Mali et de l'émergence des résistances aux antipaludéens au Cambodge, conduisant ainsi à un renouvellement des problématiques historiques de l 'équipe Réalisées dans le cadre de l 'interdisciplinarité et ancrées dans des cursus de formation et de recherche universitaires tant au Nord qu 'au Sud, ces recherches ont conduit à développer des liens notamment avec l 'université de Strasbourg et récemment celle de Marseille pour le Nord et celles de Dakar, de La Paz ou d Antananarivo au Sud.
Histoires de greffes : Permanence d’un récit télévisuel
Authors: Chavot Philippe , Masseran Anne
Published: April 2016

El hecho de que el trasplante sea considerado en la actualidad como una tecnología rutinaria, no indica que ésta sea una operación anodina, tanto en el ámbito médico como en el simbólico. Los relatos televisivos de la medicina de trasplantes constituyen una apuesta, ya que se trata de transformar una operación que descansa en supuestos que invierten experiencias y saberes culturales e íntimos, en algo concretamente imaginable. En este artículo, queremos explorar la dinámica que combina y armoniza los elementos – representaciones de la muerte, de la enfermedad, de la cirugía-siguiendo «las historias televisivas de los trasplantes » . Nuestra hipótesis es que estas historias varían, siguiendo los contextos televisivos y tecnológicos, en la medida que sea posible identificar un gran relato de la operación, destacadamente estable, a partir de los años cincuenta hasta la actualidad en Francia. Dicha estabilidad «normaliza » e idealiza los supuestos médicos, filosóficos, éticos y sociales del trasplante.

Título : Historias de trasplantes : La permanencia de un relato televisivo.
La protection de l'environnement en Chine : un cadre juridique ambitieux à la mesure d'enjeux considérables ?
Authors: Thieffry Patrick
Published: April 2016

La modernité et le caractère de complétude de la législation environnementale chinoise surprennent. La Constitution impose à l'Etat de protéger et d'améliorer l'environnement, de prévenir la pollution, d'assurer l'utilisation rationnelle des ressources naturelles... La Chine est partie aux principales conventions internationales. Ses grandes lois sectorielles, sur l'air, l'eau ou les déchets, régulièrement révisées, sont assorties, déjà, de dispositifs plus transversaux tels qu'une loi générale sur la protection de l'environnement et une autre sur les études d'impact qui couvre tant les plans et programmes que les projets individuels. Les premiers éléments d'instruments économiques rejoignent responsabilité civile et pénale, tout comme quelques manifestations du principe de précaution.
Significant heat sensitivity increase detected in various types of diabetes mellitus patients by Akabane test for use of management of diabetic patients
Authors: Muzhikov Valery , Vershinina Elena , Belenky Vadim , Muzhikov Ruslan
Published: April 2016

In order to assess patterns of heat sensitivity thresholds in patients with diabetes mellitus, the Akabane test was carried out on patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) (250 men and 309 women) and patients with noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) (158 men
and 227 women). For comparison, a group of healthy subjects made up of 116 men and 277 women was also used. As soon as we revealed the influence of factors of pathology with a high significance level and gender and the interaction “gender*pathology”, all the results are described
separately for groups of men and women and for groups with IDDM and NIDDM. Simple effects of paired comparisons between healthy subjects, IDDM and NIDDM in groups of men and women, as well as comparisons between the profiles of men and women with IDDM and NIDDM showed significant differences
between ACs in healthy subjects and those with each type of diabetes. The most significant differences are seen in the AC connected with the digestive system (SP pancreas channel), LR (liver channel), ST (stomach channel), GB (gall bladder channel). Thus, we revealed characteristic pattern
of acupuncture channels (AC) lesions inherent to diabetes pathology, i.e.most vulnerable in diabetes ACs, being compromised in dependence from such factors, as type of diabetes, hyper or hypoglycemia, and from gender. The main value of the method lies in the fact that we observe the entire
food chain from food ingestion to the utilization of carbohydrates with the opportunity to assess the activity of each organ and its regulatory contribution. On the basis of the body's response, an individual selection of medicines can be made, and by evaluating the individual biorhythms it
is possible to determine the optimal time of administration.
Acupuncture Stimulation Analyzed from Multiple Aspects of Western Medical Science
Authors: İnanç Betül Battaloğlu
Published: April 2016

Skin is the biggest and most important organ of us. It has a large surface area and it is easily accessible. While we touch skin, piezoelectric stimulation starts, fundamental property of biological tissues, pressure electrification. And after this stimulation, ferroelectric and pyroelectric
effects occur. While we insert the acupuncture needle into skin, we have created a conscious trauma and damage. After this, inflammatory phase, proliferation and tissue formation phase and tissue remodeling phase start. With embryological perspective, at that moment, we give stimulus ectodermal
and mesodermal layer of the skin also. We stimulate these embryologic layers and cells not only into skin but also whole body. Because, while we start stimulation with a cell, cell stimulates other cells and cells stimulate body. Also we stimulate neuropeptides, neurotransmitters, neuro-hormones
and receptors. The skin is the largest immunologically active receptor organ in the body. And we see, peripheral local stress response (brain-skin) works same as hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. So, what we have done? We only insert the acupuncture needle into skin consciously.