bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPLICATIONS OF AI BIAS IN THE OPERATIONS OF ADJUDICATION BY AI
Authors: Chowdhury Sunavo Ray , Sinha Rishav
Published: June 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI), though had started as a tool of minimizing human effort has now grown into an organism which is thought as a replacement option to human intelligence in multiple sectors, where it is on the verge of being entrusted with multiple grave responsibilities, including legislation and adjudication. The emerging trends, for example, an algorithmic tool is currently in use in the American justice system which assesses bail decisions, the AI legislator model being tested for real world applications in China, reveal a global trend, that in future the world will see further uses of AI in administration, adjudication and even legislation. The primary arguments against the use of AI in the fields of adjudication and legislation regarding a right to free trial are as follows – (i) there is a right to a reasoned judgement, (ii) there is a right to be informed of the reason and (iii) a right to rebut the reasoning. In a scenario where a judgement is solely formulated by the use of AI all the above-mentioned rights are violated. The roots of the right to be tried by a natural judge or the right of a human to be adjudicated by another human is enshrined in the ethics of the morality of the global north and it has been further confirmed in the annex I of the European Ethical Charter on the use of Artificial Intelligence in judicial systems, where it is mentioned in the 8th paragraph that the fundamental principles of a fair trial are inclusive of the right to be tried by a natural judge (human judge). This paper aims to elucidate upon the major legal problems of application of AI in adjudication and legislation, and what could be a possible way forward from it. In the following sections a brief explanation of AI bias has been provided in which the main research question of the paper has been further contextualized.
AN INTERNATIONAL TRADE LAW PERSPECTIVE ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Authors: Rani Yadav Beeda Rashmitha
Published: June 2024

Law pertaining to trade worldwide and climate change are two distinct domains that inexorably and frequently cross paths. A new significant issue about the connection between climate change and global trade was about to emerge. Due to the fact that the production and distribution of traded products and services are directly or indirectly responsible for 25% of the world's carbon dioxide emissions, trade policies may significantly aid in promoting climate change mitigation and adaptation. Coherence between policies and systems is crucial when discussing the global trading system. Global trade has an impact on emissions in a globalizing world. Trade regulations are crucial for the spread of eco-friendly technologies. While some contend that environmental conservation and trade liberalization are mutually exclusive objectives, others assert the opposite. This publication's major goal is to make the requirements of international trade law in connection to climate change policy clear and transparent. This will allow negotiators to judge the legitimacy of the WTO threat strategy. The article is broken up into four parts in this context. The preambles of all multilateral and other agreements concerning free trade and environmental harm that have been adopted by United Nations members states are included in Part I. Carbon Limits (BCA) in Part II; To balance variations in the rigor of climate regulations among trading partners, a trade-related policy tool will be created. The new WTO regulations on subsidies for fossil fuels are discussed in Part III. The article ends with an analysis and final remarks.
WHITE-COLLAR CRIMES IN THE AGE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Authors: Singh Janavi
Published: June 2024

This research paper explores the emerging landscape of white-collar crimes facilitated by the capabilities of AI. This study uses qualitative analysis to examine AI technologies that are used by perpetrators to execute white-collar crimes with increased efficiency and secrecy. It also talks about how need for money, pressure to succeed ethical issues and many more led to white collar crimes using artificial intelligence. Furthermore, this research delves into the legal and regulatory framework surrounding AI-enabled white-collar crimes and the necessity for evolving legislation and enforcement strategies. It concludes by emphasizing the urgency of developing comprehensive strategies to combat AI-facilitated white-collar crimes, emphasizing the need for international collaboration, AI governance, and public awareness campaign.
DIGITAL AGRICULTURE: PIONEERING A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
Authors: K Tilak , S. R Manasa , V. S Vidya , N Sushma , H. R Jeevan , Devaraj Mr. , Kayarga Gauthami , Raj Sathwik M. N.
Published: June 2024

Digital farming, often known as smart farming, is a disruptive method that blends new technologies into traditional agricultural practices to maximize output and sustainability. Farmers may make data-driven decisions to improve crop yields, reduce resource waste and reduce environmental impact by deploying IoT sensors, data analytics, farm management software, automation and robotics. Drones and satellite photography provide crucial information about farm conditions, while smart irrigation systems guarantee that water is used efficiently. Increased efficiency, larger yields, lower costs and better decision-making are all advantages of digital farming. This abstract presents an overview of digital farming's essential components and benefits, highlighting its potential to revolutionize agriculture and contribute to a more sustainable future.
NANOTECHNOLOGY: AN EMERGING TECHNOLOGY IN FOOD SECTOR
Authors: Giri Deepti , Yadav Anjali
Published: June 2024

Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising technological paradigm with the potential to revolutionize various industries, including the food sector. The application of nanotechnology in the food industry, exploring its impact on food production, processing, safety, and nutrition. The food industry faces numerous challenges, such as ensuring food security, extending shelf life, enhancing nutritional value, and reducing environmental impacts. In the domain of food production, nanotechnology facilitates the development of novel nanomaterials, such as nanoparticles and nanoemulsions, which possess unique functional properties. These nanomaterials can be incorporated into food packaging to create intelligent, active, and antimicrobial coatings that safeguard against spoilage and contamination, thereby prolonging the shelf life of perishable products. Nanotechnology also plays a crucial role in enhancing food safety. Advanced nanosensors can rapidly detect and identify contaminants, pathogens, and allergens in food products, enabling timely intervention and preventing widespread outbreaks. This chapter summarizes the possibilities for using nanoparticles in the food business to give customers food that is safe and free of contamination and to ensure that the food has enhanced functional features that will be accepted by consumers and there has also been a brief discussion of aspects of the application of nanotechnology in connection to improving food nutrition and organoleptic qualities of foods.
FOOD STORAGE AND PRESERVATION
Authors: Vaishnavi Ms. , Mamta Ms. , Anupama Sandal Dr. , Radhna Gupta Dr.
Published: June 2024

In a world with uncertain access to fresh food, this chapter emphasizes the crucial role of food storage and preservation. Exploring methods from ancient practices to modern innovations, such as drying, salting, fermenting, canning, freezing, and refrigeration, it underscores the importance of understanding distinct storage requirements for various foods. The discussion delves into the science of food spoilage, empowering informed decisions on preservation methods. Addressing challenges like population growth and climate change, the chapter advocates for efficient food preservation to promote responsible consumption and resilience. It offers insights into age-old wisdom, aiming to safeguard harvest abundance, nourish communities, reduce waste, and enhance food security for present and future generations.
FOOD SCIENCE
Authors: Mamta Ms. , Vaishnavi Ms. , Anupama Sandal Dr.
Published: June 2024

The building blocks for growth and maintenance as well as the energy needed for all bodily processes are both provided by food. Even fully developed individuals need energy to generate and maintain body parts that are replacing themselves. The human stomach, for example, is continuously lost and replaced. Additionally, there is rise research that shows how important nutrition is in our fight against illness, particularly chronic illnesses like cancer and heart disease. Nutritional status and certain nutrients seem to have an impact on mental processes and behavioral dispositions. Foods are made up mostly of biochemicals (i.e., edible biochemicals) which are mainly derived from living sources such as plants and animals. Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids—as well as their byproducts—make up the majority of the ingredients in food. Along with inorganic and mineral components, a number of organic substances, including vitamins, enzymes, emulsifiers, acids, oxidants, antioxidants, pigments, and tastes, are also present, albeit in relatively modest concentrations. Water is another essential and permanent element. The way in which these ingredients are combined in various foods determines the dishes’ structure, texture, flavour, colour, and nutritional content. Foods can occasionally include ingredients that, if ingested in sufficient quantities, can be harmful. A food's unique qualities are derived from both its overall make-up and the arrangement of its constituent parts. For instance, despite having roughly the same amount of water, whole milk and fresh apples behave differently due to the arrangement of their constituent parts. The previously mentioned ingredients are naturally present in food. Sometimes we add additional ingredients to foods to enhance one or more attributes such as structure, texture, flavour, colour, nutritional content, or maintaining quality. These could be manufactured or natural. For instance, we might flavour beverages with artificial or real fruit flavours.
INTRODUCTION TO FOOD SCIENCE AND PROPERTIES OF FOOD
Authors: Dhama Kajal , Sharma Dhananjay , Luxita Sharma Dr.
Published: June 2024

Biological along with physical sciences and engineering are the disciplines in which the nature of food is studied and their deterioration caused by the food processing underlying principles is known as food science. It dealt with the changes or reactions that occur in food products due to induced or natural processes by the procedures of handling and made it clear with new knowledge. Food technology is the application of food science in which the major factors are the selection, processing, preserving, packing, and distribution of safe, healthy, wholesome, and nutritious food. It is based on the applications of the principles along with scientific facts, mathematics, and engineering for the preservation, processing, utilization, and storage safety of food. Food science and food technology are the disciplines in which different types of knowledge are linked and organized systematically which is required to inform for the purpose of effectively handling the food along with proper processing, distribution of food, and food marketing. In food technology, engineering concepts and principles are applied to the problems of handling food, processing food, and making changes in methods of handling and manufacturing along with the studies' interrelationship with the material properties. All the sense organs were involved during the selection of food including smell, sight, taste, touch, and hearing. The quality of various products is assessed with the help of the sensory organs of humans and this evaluation is known as the sensory or organoleptic or subjective. The sensory quality depends on various senses which are perceived by sense organs that play a role in the process of choosing food and eating. Whenever we eat food, we make a judgment. Various vocabulary words are used to describe the food product's sensory characteristics including taste, odor, texture, and appearance. This chapter will describe the enlarged knowledge of food technology, food science, and the mechanisms involved in it such as sensory evaluation.
ROLE OF NUTRITION IN NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD)
Authors: Satakshi Ms.
Published: June 2024

The rampancy of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has intensified in recent years, making it a significant health issue. It comprises simple steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), among other hepatic injuries. Numerous aspects, such as environmental (dietary practices and routine exercise) and acquired (genetic/epigenetic) hazards, influence the susceptibility to NAFLD. In NAFLD, the most important therapeutic objective is weight loss through a hypocaloric diet. No drug choices are right now endorsed for the cure of NAFLD. Dietary changes and exercise remain the mainstays of NAFLD treatment. The significance of following a Mediterranean diet, low-carb diet, intermittent fasting, and DASH diet appears to have beneficial effects. The liver is negatively impacted by macronutrients such as meat proteins, trans fats, simple carbohydrates, and saturated fats (SFA). On the other hand, the liver is thought to benefit from Omega-3 fats, proteins derived from plants, dietary fibers, monounsaturated fats (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fats (PUFAs), and PUFAs. This review provides a complete rundown of dietary principles to combat the rising burden of NAFLD, focusing on and understanding how diet affects metabolism and the liver and also discusses the role and significance of nutrition and diet interventions in treatment of NAFLD.
THE PSYCHO-PHYSIOLOGY BEHIND NUTRITIONAL BEHAVIOR, COGNITIVE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CHOICES, INFLUENCES HEALTH AND WELL-BEING
Authors: Sharma Dhananjay , Luxita Sharma Dr.
Published: June 2024

Cognition influences nutrition which affects preferences and food choices and, also the time of eating, the quantity of eating,and what types of food we have to eat.Food choice depends on the number of psychological factors that influence the human psyche in different ways.Nutritional behavior in other words we can say behavior to food choices such as eating fast food, only flesh diet, low-fat diet, vegan diet, and cooking with available ingredients.Healthy food choice habits may help in the reduction of risk-associateddiseases such as metabolic disease and also keep the body at its normal body mass index (BMI). But infectious diseases act as resistance to their comfortable life. Infectious disease can cause to hamper the quality of life which may lead to mortality. Psychological status influences the immune system to tackle infectious diseases. In psychological well-being, psychological strengthening plays an important role to improve the body’s immune response. To sustain better health and longevity everyone should have satisfaction in life, positive emotion with no negative emotion. A positive psychological state helps to improve mental and physical health as well as build immunity. The main objective of the chapter is to summarize the association between cognitive choice, psychological choice, and nutrition which help in better health and well-being.
ADAPTOGENS AND FUNCTIONAL FOOD AND THEIR IMPACT ON HEALTH
Authors: Sharma Dhananjay , Dhama Kajal , Luxita Sharma Dr.
Published: June 2024

Adaptogens are plant extract non-toxic chemical substance that increase the ability of body to combat the damaging effects of stress and helps in body homeostasis. It is also used in herbal medicine for claimed stabilization of the physiological process. Adaptogens can activate the protective mechanism of cells, which helps to increase the survival rate of cells both in vitro and in vivo. Adaptogens also play a vital role in overcoming fatigue, depression, anxiety, sexual problems, nervous system problems, and some other chronic diseases. Functional foods are those foods that provide positive health benefits other than providing nutrients and energy and also minimize the risk of chronic disease. Functional foods are actually products formulated or fortified with its naturally occurring chemical constituents/compounds and they are basically present in many grains, spices, herbs fruits, and vegetables which helps in health benefits and reduces the chronic effects of disease. A large number of studies has been done on adaptogens for their pharmacological and clinical effects from 1960 to 1970 in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic and found that only three plant species as-Rhodiola rosea, Schisandra chinensis, and Eleutherococcus senticosus and later in 1993 Bryonia alba were introduced in medical practice. India has recently passed the Food Safety and Standard Act 2006, a food law to serve and regulate food products including functional food. This chapter will elaborately explain the beneficial role of adaptogens and functional foods on health.
SEA BUCKTHORN BERRY (HIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES L.) A COLD DESERT FRUIT: A REVIEW
Authors: Kumar Vishal , Shiva Mr. , Bunkar Durga Shankar , Goyal S. K. , Vinod Kumar Paswan Dr.
Published: June 2024

This review paper explores the medicinal and therapeutic uses of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) in curtailing different types of acute as well as chronic maladies. The plant is being used in different parts of the world for its nutritional and medicinal properties. Sea buckthorn based preparations have been extensively exploited in folklore treatment of slow digestion, stomach malfunctioning, cardiovascular problems, liver injury, tendon and ligament injuries, skin diseases and ulcers. In the recent years, medicinal and pharmacological activities of Sea buckthorn have been well investigated using various in-vitro and in-vivo models as well as limited clinical trials. Sea buckthorn has been scientifically analyzed and many of its traditional uses have been established using several biochemical and pharmacological studies. Various pharmacological activities such as cytoprotective, anti-stress, immuno-modulatory, hepatoprotective, radioprotective, anti-atherogenic, anti-tumor, anti-microbial and tissue regeneration have been reported.
ENSURING OPTIMAL FISH HEALTH: EFFECTIVE FISH HEALTH MANAGEMENT
Authors: Banchhod Shubham , Pandey Shivam , Yadava Karun Kant , Relekar Shailendra , Koli Jayappa
Published: June 2024

Ensuring optimal fish health is a critical component of successful aquaculture and fisheries management. Effective fish health management strategies are essential to main the well- being of fish populations and sustainably meet the growing global demand for fish as food. This article explores key aspects of fish health management, including disease prevention, water quality control and monitoring techniques. Furthermore, the article discusses the role of nutrition and optimal fish health practices
EXTRACTION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM SEAWEEDS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Authors: P Sedyaaw , Desai Ajay , Koli Jayappa , Sharangdhar Makarand
Published: June 2024

The finding of metabolites and biological activity from seaweed has intensely increased over the past three decades. There are several research techniques for creating chemical compounds, but still naturally occurring bioactive molecules in natures are play an important role. Scientists are searching for additional physiologically active compounds. Pharmaceutical industry and researchers are increased attention to the bioactive compounds found in seaweeds that can be used for development of drugs. Seaweeds are receiving scientific attention because of their bioactive compound and several beneficial features, including anti-viral, anti-tumour, anti-inflammatory, and. The key topics covered in this review were chemicals like metabolites, seaweed types, and their characteristics. The primary metabolite and its characteristics are highlighted. Marine seaweeds include a variety of bioactive substances that can be used for dietary, cosmetic, and therapeutic purposes to enhance health. Several compounds, including polyphenols, polysaccharides, carotenoids, and fatty acids, were shown to exhibit bioactive properties. These chemicals have been extracted using cutting-edge methods such as supercritical fluid extraction, pressurised liquid extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), and microwave-assisted extraction, which have an advantages over traditional methods. To produce extracts containing the desired bioactive chemicals, each method's process parameters must be tuned.
FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY: INTRODUCTION AND RECENT ADVANCES
Authors: Gupta Dr. Rahul , Sahney Dr. Shivam
Published: June 2024

Forensic Odontology is a great study and science which is very important these days due to increasing medico-legal matters as well as situations in which a dead body found is to be identified. This area of dentistry is evolving very much these days. We know that whenever a dead body is found whether decomposed or burnt, the significant thing to notice is that dental tissues are many times remain preserved. Hence, this Odontology science is very much applied in mass calamities, disasters, sexual assault, etc. cases. Since, we know that it is so much important and the data collection methods and analysis are transforming day by day, so, there is a need to update about the newer technologies, methods and concepts. Hence, this chapter will help the practicing and the participating dentists to be updated on the newer transformation incorporated and used in Forensic Odontology.
VISUALIZING HEALTH: A JOURNEY THROUGH MEDICAL IMAGING
Authors: Saranya Dr. R.
Published: June 2024

“Visualizing Health: A Journey Through Medical Imaging" is a fascinating look at the critical role that medical imaging plays in the healthcare scene. From its historical roots to cutting-edge technology such as MRI and CT scans, the book delves into the complex world of medical imaging, shining light on how it has transformed diagnosis, treatment planning, and patient care. The description, using real-life case studies and simple language, highlights the combined efforts of imaging specialists and healthcare professionals, emphasizing the ethical considerations and continuous research that drive innovation in this area. This work is a helpful resource for both healthcare practitioners and the general public, demystifying the complexity of medical imaging and encouraging a deeper knowledge of its importance in defining the future of healthcare.
DISCOVERING MEDICINE: A JOURNEY INTO THE WORLD OF HEALING
Authors: Husain Bushra
Published: June 2024

In this chapter, we will embark on a journey through time, tracing the origins of medicine from prehistoric times to ancient civilizations like Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece, and China. We will explore how these early healers laid the groundwork for the medical practices we know today and the significant contributions of figures like Hippocrates, the father of Western medicine.
BIOENGINEERING
Authors: Rani Rakhi
Published: June 2024

In the world of scientific exploration and technological advancement, few disciplines have the power to transform our understanding of life and reshape the boundaries of innovation quite like bioengineering. This chapter embarks on a journey into the heart of bioengineering, tracing its historical roots, defining its core principles, and highlighting its pivotal role at the crossroads of biology and engineering. Bioengineering, also known as biomedical engineering, is a multidisciplinary field that applies principles from engineering, biology, physics, chemistry, and computer science to solve complex problems in the realm of medicine and healthcare. This innovative discipline focuses on developing cutting-edge technologies and techniques that improve human health, enhance medical diagnostics, and advance the field of regenerative medicine. Bioengineers play a pivotal role in bridging the gap between the biological and engineering sciences, creating solutions that impact both patient care and scientific understanding.
SKILLS AND COMPETENCIES IN CLINICAL GENETICS FOR THE EUROPEAN GENERAL PRACTITIONERS
Authors: Ejarque Dr. , Martín Dr. , Cuenca Dr.
Published: June 2024

Evidence confirms that diseases are distributed on a spectrum in which genes and environment are closely intertwined. The integration of genetics in primary care requires the gradual incorporation of certain specific elements of clinical genetics, genomics, molecular biology and precision medicine. Clinical genetics is the implementation of all knowledge and activities in genetics for the benefit of the health of each individual but also of the entire population. It consists of two main activities: 1) clinical assistance for the sick person, at risk of being sick, or of having affected children; 2) focused on the entire population, which is informative-preventive.
EFFICACY OF ORAL PREGABALIN AS PRE-MEDICANT IN ELECTIVE-LAPAROSCOPIC INTRAABDOMINAL PROCEDURES: A CLINICAL DISCUSSION
Authors: Kumar S G Dr. Sanath , Zachariah K Dr.Varghese , Pushpavathi Dr. Priyanka
Published: June 2024

Preemptive analgesia is a continuously evolving concept. Preemptive analgesia has the following three definitions: It is defined as the treatment that “(1) starts before surgery; (2) prevents the establishment of central sensitization caused by incisional injury (covers only theperiod of surgery); and (3) prevents the establishment of central sensitization caused by incisional and inflammatory injuries (covering the period of surgery and the initial postoperative period).
MANAGEMENT OF JAUNDICE (YARQAN) IN UNANI MEDICINE
Authors: Shamim Khan Mohammad , Ahmad Khan Mahmood , Abdullah Mr.
Published: June 2024

Jaundice is characterized by yellowish discoloration of the skin, sclera, and mucous membranes due to hyperbilirubinemia, usually detectable clinically when the plasma bilirubin exceeds 50 μmol/l (3 mg/dl).
ROLE OF POLLUTION ON INFERTILITY – A REVIEW
Authors: Shubham Mr. , Raina Arun , Kumar Aman
Published: June 2024

There are various external or environmental, genetics factor that influences the fertility. Beside this, our dietary habits, our lifestyle also decline the rate of fertility. Now - a – days, adulteration in food, junk food and/ or processed food, drinking alcohol canned juices or beverages , greatly affects the fertility. Along with these, our daily exposure of smoking, food additives, drug abuse, dyes, dioxins, pesticides like DDT and even dust of our home contains the toxic mixture that affects negatively on the body, specially fertility. But in this review , we are mainly focused on the role of pollution on fertility.
YOGIC PROTOCOL FOR DISSOLVING OCCUPATIONAL BURNOUT & COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION AMONG THE OFFICE WORKERS
Authors: Ghosh Mr. Sourav , Eraballi Dr. Amaravathi , Kumar Rupesh
Published: June 2024

Occupational burnout is the demand at occupational setup from past decade. Previously it was as hazards that can not be escaped by office workers to earn money for sustaining in this physical world. This demand leads to different diseases and the particular health schemes or health insurance are developing with modern medicine. Yoga as an ancient remedy was not researched yet. Hence the present study focuses on the Yoga remedies like Yoga nidra.
ULTRASOUND ELASTOGRAPHY- A NOVEL TOOL IN THE ASSESSMENT OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDERS
Authors: Jatti Patil Dr. Deepa , Rathore Dr. Rajesh Kumar , Patel Dr. Ashutosh
Published: June 2024

Ultrasound is an essential modality within medical imaging, predominantly for assessing soft tissues. Ultrasound elastography has become commercially available in recent years for further assessment of tissues, in addition to the standard B-mode and Doppler imaging. Elastography provides a different form of tissue assessment and possibly showing pathology before it can be detected on B mode imaging. This may be of particular use in the musculoskeletal system where there is a wide spectrum of tissue specialisation. Elastography is a novel diagnostic tool and helps in evaluating the muscle stiffness both qualitatively in the form of an elastogram and quantitatively in terms of muscle elasticity index. Elastography assesses the strain (stiffness) of these tissues in response to stress, through a variety of different methods. Strain wave and Shear wave are the two techniques used in USG elastography to assess stiffness of tissues. Elastography has been used widely in musculoskeletal imaging. Temporomandibular disorders are associated with masticatory muscle pain. Till date palpation is the only subjective tool to to assess muscle pain. With the advent of elastography, it has helped in early disease detection and differential diagnosis as it reflects qualitative alterations even if morphological alterations are not noticeable. This chapter highlights the application of ultrasound elastography for various Temporomandibular disorders.
INSIGHT INTO THE MOLECULAR TARGETS AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT AGAINST LUNG CANCER
Authors: Nabi Peerzada Mudasir , Jayant Vikrant , Gaur Aysha , Riyaz Shah Andleeb , Verma Saurabh
Published: June 2024

With an estimated 2 million diagnoses and 1.8 million deaths worldwide, lung cancer is the primary cause of cancer incidence and mortality. Lung neoplasms represent the second most prevalent cancer diagnosis for both genders. However, there are significant regional variations in lung cancer incidence and mortality rates, which can be attributed to genetics, exposure to environmental risk factors, and different tobacco smoking behaviors. Lung cancer is expected to be the most common cancer worldwide by 2050. Lung cancer tops the list in part because it is frequently discovered only when the disease has progressed to an advanced stage. Thus, early detection of lung cancer is critical, particularly when screening high-risk groups like smokers, those who have been exposed to pollutants, those who work in oil fields, those who work in hazardous environments, etc. Different forms of imaging are used in the diagnosis of lung cancer nowadays, along with pathological evaluation of samples; nevertheless, these methods are still unable to identify early stages of the disease with accuracy. Effective early detection, a thorough etiology, and the right medications all contribute to lung cancer treatment. Early detection of lung cancer is critical, particularly when screening high-risk individuals and searching for new biomarkers urgently. Furthermore, the best course of action for each patient with lung cancer depends on a precise diagnosis. In this chapter we discuss the screening techniques, pathways and targets that are exploited for the treatment of lung cancer.
APTAMER TECHNOLOGY TO COMBAT ANIMAL DISEASES AND ITS FUTURE APPLICATIONS
Authors: Kaur Harnoor , Rahman Dr. Shafiqur , Abrol Riya , Naveen Bandi
Published: June 2024

Aptamers are synthetic single stranded DNA’S or RNA’s that bind to target molecule with high affinity. Aptamers are developed using a special process called SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment). The target of aptamers includes proteins, cells, microorganisms, chemical compounds, heavy metal ions, etc. Technological advancements in the fields of high-throughput sequencing (HTS), bioinformatics, microfluidics, and nanodevices have expanded the application of aptamers to make important contributions to both human as well as veterinary medicine. Earlier the disease was often diagnosed through separation from culture and propagation, both of which took time and effort to complete. present-day molecular diagnostic technologies, such as RT-PCR, PCR offer great specificity, sensitivity and speed for detection of pathogen but they also call for isolated genetic material, cautious handling and expensive equipments. But nowadays, aptamers can be used in the diagnosis of many bacterial, viral and protozoal diseases of veterinary importance in field conditions in a short period of time.
NATURAL FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITES FOR PROSTHETIC SOCKETS
Authors: Kishor R. C. , Pramanik Sumit
Published: June 2024

Over time, numerous fiber-reinforced polymeric composites have replaced earlier prosthetic materials such as wood, leather, metal, and plastic. We are enthusiastic about the future advancements of prosthetic limbs because of promisingly fruitful research in this area. The development of natural composites and design of socket-based prostheses in relation to the amputee's comfort and mobility for lower limb prosthesis applications were reviewed in the current study. In the present review, we accumulated various mechanical properties of many natural fiber reinforced composites. We also presented the benefits of the natural fiber reinforced composites in prosthesis applications. Design of prosthetic socket was also focused in the present study. We also discussed typical fabrication methods of prosthetic sockets. The study looked at the possibility of substituting current natural composites with naturally generated fibers. Recent trends in nanoparticles, nanotechnology and their advantages in prosthetic applications have also been illustrated. Despite having extremely strong mechanical qualities, synthetic fibres are excessively expensive and emit carbon dioxide during processing, whilst synthetic materials tend to contaminate the environment after being used. Therefore, research into natural fibre reinforced polymer matrix composites may become a future trend in order to provide prosthetic sockets that are inexpensive for disabled people who are less well off financially and for short-term use. Consequently, there is a greater chance that biocomposite made from naturally occurring materials may replace such composites and plastics.
DIFFERENT MODELS USED TO SCREEN INFLAMMATION: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Pal Dipti , Suthar Smita , Naskarand Aman , K. Jain Sanmati
Published: June 2024

Inflammation is a crucial part of the body's defence system but chronic inflammation can contribute to the development of various diseases. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to manage inflammation but they can have associated side effects. To address this, pharmaceutical research employs various screening methods including in vitro assays, animal models, computational modelling and high-throughput screening techniques to identify as well as evaluate potential anti-inflammatory compounds. This paper provides an overview of acute and chronic inflammation also highlighting their characteristics, immune responses and resolution. It also discusses the molecular targets of NSAIDs such as the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes and the different types of NSAIDs available. Furthermore, the paper explores the causes of inflammation, including infections, injuries, autoimmune disorders, environmental factors and metabolic factors. The importance of screening methods in anti-inflammatory drug development is emphasized with a focus on in vitro assays, animal models and computational modelling. These methods enable researchers to understand the complex mechanisms underlying inflammation and identify promising candidates for further development. Finally, the paper stresses the need for effective anti-inflammatory therapies that target specific molecular pathways to manage chronic inflammation and improve patient outcomes. In conclusion, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of inflammation, anti-inflammatory drugs and causes of inflammation and screening methods in drug development. It highlights the importance of addressing chronic inflammation and developing safer and more potent anti-inflammatory therapies for better patient care.
STEREOISOMERIC DRUGS: UNRAVELLING THE IMPACT OF MOLECULAR MIRROR IMAGES ON MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
Authors: Naskar Aman , Pal Dipti , Suthar Smita , K. Jain Sanmati
Published: June 2024

Stereoisomerism, a fundamental concept in chemistry, plays a pivotal role in drug design and development. While having the same chemical formula, stereoisomeric medications, which include enantiomers and diastereomers, have different three-dimensional atomic configurations. This review investigates the stereoisomeric drugs, examining how chirality has a significant impact on pharmacological characteristics, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutic results. It is essential for pharmaceutical researchers and healthcare providers to comprehend the importance of these modest structural differences. This review clarifies the tremendous effects of stereoisomerism on medication development, efficacy, safety, and personalised medicine by providing a brief summary of recent studies and examples across various drug classes. This review intends to advance our knowledge of medicinal chemistry and stimulate new developments in the field by shedding light on the complexity of stereoisomeric medicines.
NMDA RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS AND EXPLORING THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL
Authors: Das Renu , Pal Dipti , Suthar Smita , Naskar Aman , Jain Ritesh , K. Jain Sanmati
Published: June 2024

The N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptors, a glutamate-gated ion channel in the central nervous system, are essential for excitatory neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. The dysregulation of its activity has been connected to a variety of neurological and psychological disorders. A class of drugs known as NMDA receptor antagonists affect its function and are being researched for therapeutic uses. These drugs inhibit calcium influx, hence influencing synaptic plasticity, excitability, and neurotransmission, and have applications in anaesthesia, pain management, neuroprotection, psychiatric diseases, substance misuse, and cognitive enhancement. Blocking ion channel pores, preventing glutamate binding, interfering with coincidence detection, binding to alternate locations, and allosteric regulation are some of their methods of action. While these medications have therapeutic potential, they can also cause adverse effects and necessitate a careful balancing of benefits and risks. Recent research looks on the temporal effects, structural interactions, and neuroprotective potential of these compounds. However, issues such as cognitive and psychological impacts, individual variability, selectivity, treatment duration, misuse potential, precision medicine, combination therapies, disease modulation, drug development, and ethical considerations remain. Future research should improve our understanding of NMDA receptor function, resulting in more refined drugs and personalised treatment methods. As pharmaceutical research and neuroscience progress, the possibility for optimising NMDA receptor antagonists in diverse medical situations grows more attractive.
FORENSIC APPLICATIONS OF CARBON DOTS
Authors: Adithi Erra , A. Chavan Vilas , P Ariya , Udaynadh BVSS , Singh Arpita
Published: June 2024

Carbon dots have received a lot of interest because to their outstanding fluorescence capabilities, low cost of production, and non-toxic qualities. This analysis dives into current developments in fields such as criminal justice, forensic toxicology, and anti-counterfeiting methods. Because of their color-tunable actions in response to incident radiation, C-dot-based combinations have proven particularly beneficial for improving latent fingerprints, providing superior contrast against different backgrounds. As optical nano probes, these dots demonstrate amazing sensitivity and selectivity, allowing for the exact detection of diverse substances such as biological molecules, pharmaceuticals, weapons of mass destruction, heavy metals, and hazardous chemicals. C-dots may be effortlessly incorporated into ink and polymeric formulation due to their adaptive structural and chemical properties, ushering in a revolutionary era of inexpensive barcode as well as nano tags for objects to be identified and anti-counterfeit applications. To assure significant societal and economic benefits, the transition from these promising research discoveries into effective advances requires a coordinated strategy comprising materials researchers, biologists, legal professionals, and digital engineers.
MUNTINGIA CALABURA – ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL STUDY OF ISOLATED PHARMACEUTICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS
Authors: Marupati Siddhartha
Published: June 2024

The Isolated Muntingia calabura's active fractions, which demonstrated greater antibacterial activity. Muntingia calabura stem bark extracts in methanol and ethyl acetate had the strongest antibacterial activity of all the extracts. Using silica gel column chromatography (100–200), bioassay guided fractionation of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts obtained from Muntingia calabura hard wood stem was carried out to identify the active fractions and remove the non-active fractions. Different ratios of hexane and ethyl acetate were utilized as eluent.
DATA INTEGRITY - A CRUCIAL REQUIREMENT FOR PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES REGULATORY COMPLIANCE
Authors: Bhadoriya Ankita , Vinchurkar Kuldeep , Patidar Shivangi , Sharma Praveen , Paliwal Pritesh , Kumar Rathore Bimlesh
Published: June 2024

In the dynamic realm of pharmaceuticals, the assurance of data integrity emerges as a linchpin for achieving and sustaining regulatory compliance. This book chapter meticulously explores the multifaceted dimensions of data integrity, dissecting its significance within the stringent frameworks governing the pharmaceutical industry. Acknowledging data as the lifeblood of drug development and production, the chapter scrutinizes the profound impact that lapses in data integrity can exert on the quality, safety, and efficacy of pharmaceutical products. Navigating through the complex terrain of regulatory requirements, the chapter elucidates key concepts underpinning data integrity, ranging from the fundamental principles to the intricacies of implementation. It delves into the challenges inherent in maintaining data integrity throughout the product life cycle, addressing issues such as data accuracy, completeness, and consistency. Practical insights are offered on establishing robust data management systems that not only meet regulatory expectations but also elevate overall operational efficiency. With a focus on proactive measures, the chapter outlines best practices for data governance, validation, and documentation. Case studies and real-world examples underscore the tangible consequences of inadequate data integrity, emphasizing the critical need for a steadfast commitment to regulatory compliance. By synthesizing theoretical frameworks with practical guidance, this chapter serves as a comprehensive resource for pharmaceutical professionals striving to fortify their systems against data integrity vulnerabilities. Ultimately, the pursuit of data integrity is portrayed not merely as a regulatory obligation but as a fundamental ethical imperative, safeguarding public health and reinforcing the industry's commitment to the highest standards of quality and transparency.
MUCUS FLOW IN HUMAN LUNG AIRWAYS BY USUNG MATHEMATICAL METHODS
Authors: Mani Tripathee Shivesh , Singh Aakash , Singh Yadav Ajai , Harendra Verma Dr.
Published: June 2024

Mucus flow in human lung airways can be modelled using mathematical equations that describe the transport and properties of the mucus. There are various approaches to modelling mucus flow, but a common one is to use the Navier-Stokes equations, which describe the motion of fluids. The Navier-Stokes equations can be applied to the mucus layer in the airways, considering it as a non-Newtonian fluid. Non-Newtonian fluids have complex rheological properties that are dependent on the applied stress and strain rate. The mucus layer in the airways is a viscoelastic fluid, which means it has both viscous and elastic properties.
AN OVERVIEW ON THE PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF URENA LOBATA
Authors: G Malavika , P. M Hari Prasad , Raj Shara , S Pillai Zeena
Published: June 2024

Urena Lobata, a medicinal plant is widely used to cure variety of diseases. Considerable research has been carried out so far to elucidate the phytochemicals present in it along with its bioactivity. In this review we have consolidated the phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Urena Lobata. Numerous biological activities of Urena Lobata include anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-diarrheal, anti-microbial, anti-cancer, and anti-ulcer properties.
CONDUCTIVITY STUDIES OF CHLORINATED NATURAL RUBBER
Authors: M Subburaj. , Ramesan M. T. , Thambi Mity , Pradyumnan P. P.
Published: June 2024

Chlorinated natural rubber (CNR) was prepared by alkaline hydrolysis of chloroform using phase transfer catalyst. The chlorination in CNR was monitored by FTIR and UV spectroscopy and these studies indicated the formation of dichloro cyclopropyl ring to the double bond of natural rubber (NR). XRD and SEM analysis revealed the extent of chlorination in natural rubber. Electrical properties such as AC conductivity, dielectric constant and dielectric loss of CNR was higher than that of NR. Conductivity of NR increased with the increase in the concentration of chlorine percentage. LOI values indicated that the chemical modification imparts better flame resistant to NR.
SIMULATION STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF WATER FLOODING PATTERN ON OIL RECOVERY USING CMG-IMEX
Authors: Sonowal Hirakjyoti , Neog Dhrubajyoti
Published: June 2024

Water flooding is a secondary recovery technique that boosts oil well production by injecting water into a reservoir formation's oil-bearing zone. The displaced oil is physically swept to nearby producing wells by the water from injection wells. For water flooding in the field, there are a variety of injection patterns that can be used. The purpose of the current research is to ascertain how injection patterns affect oil recovery factors. The productivity of the oil and water flooding process has been examined in this study using the CMG-IMEX (Computer Modeling Group) reservoir simulator to examine the effects of various combinations of well designs. The examination of injection patterns with five, seven, and nine spots is taken into account in the current work.
NOVEL TREATMENT MODALITIES IN PERIODONTAL THERAPY
Authors: Keerthi K Dr. Lakshmi
Published: June 2024

Periodontal diseases pose a significant global health burden, necessitating continuous exploration and innovation in treatment modalities. This abstract provides an overview of recent advancements in periodontal therapy, focusing on novel treatment modalities that have emerged to enhance patient outcomes. Traditional approaches to periodontal treatment have centered on mechanical debridement and antimicrobial agents, but the integration of innovative techniques and technologies has broadened the scope of available interventions.