bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Risk among Kidney Transplant Patients
Authors: KANG AUGUSTINE W. , GARBER CAROL EWING , EATON CHARLES B. , RISICA PATRICIA M. , BOSTOM ANDREW G.
Published: January 2019

Purpose

Research examining the relationship between physical activity (PA) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among kidney transplant recipients (KTR) is limited. Accordingly, we sought to 1) describe the levels of PA in KTR and 2) analyze the associations between PA levels and CVD risk factors in KTR.

Methods

Baseline data from KTR participants in a large multiethnic, multicenter trial (the Folic Acid for Vascular Outcome Reduction in Transplantation) were examined. PA was categorized in tertiles (low, moderate, and high) derived from a modified PA summary score from the Yale Physical Activity Survey. CVD risk factors were examined across levels of PA by ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis rank test, and hierarchical multiple regression.

Results

The 4034 participants were 37% female (mean ± SD = 51.9 ± 9.4 yr of age, 75% White, 97% with stage 2T–4T chronic kidney disease, and 20% with prevalent CVD. Participants in the “high” PA tertile reported more vigorous PA and walking, compared with participants in moderate and low tertiles (both P < 0.001). No differences were observed in daily household, occupational, or sedentary activities across PA tertiles. More participants in the “low” PA tertile were overweight/obese, had a history of prevalent diabetes, and/or had CVD compared with more active participants (all P < 0.001). Hierarchical modeling revealed that younger age (P = 0.002), cadaveric donor source (P = 0.006), shorter transplant vintage (P = 0.025), lower pulse pressure (P < 0.001), and no history of diabetes (P < 0.001) were associated with higher PA scores.

Conclusion

The most active KTR engaged in more intentional exercise. Lower levels of PA were positively associated with more CVD risk factors. Higher PA levels were associated with younger age and with more positive KTR outcomes.
Physiological Responses to Exercise in Pediatric Heart Transplant Recipients
Authors: BOVARD JOSHUA M. , DE SOUZA ASTRID M. , HARRIS KEVIN C. , HUMAN DEREK G. , HOSKING MARTIN C. K. , POTTS JAMES E. , ARMSTRONG KATHRYN , SANDOR GEORGE G. S. , COTE ANITA T.
Published: January 2019

Introduction

Pediatric heart transplant (HTx) recipients have reduced exercise capacity typically two-thirds of predicted values, the mechanisms of which are not fully understood. We sought to assess the cardiorespiratory responses to progressive exercise in HTx relative to controls matched for age, sex, body size, and work rate.

Methods

Fourteen HTx recipients and matched controls underwent exercise stress echocardiography on a semisupine cycle ergometer. Hemodynamics, left ventricular (LV) dimensions, and volumes were obtained and indexed to body surface area. Oxygen consumption (V˙O2) was measured, and arteriovenous oxygen difference was estimated using the Fick Principle.

Results

At rest, LV mass index (P = 0.03) and volumes (P < 0.001) were significantly smaller in HTx, whereas wall thickness (P < 0.01) and LV mass-to-volume ratio (P = 0.01) were greater. Differences in LV dimensions and stroke volume persisted throughout exercise, but the pattern of response was similar between groups as HR increased. As exercise progressed, heart rate and cardiac index increased to a lesser extent in HTx. Despite this, V˙O2 was similar (P = 0.82) at equivalent work rates as HTx had a greater change in arteriovenous oxygen difference (P < 0.01).

Conclusions

When matched for work rate, HTx had similar metabolic responses to controls despite having smaller LV chambers and an attenuated increase in hemodynamic responses. These findings suggest that HTx may increase peripheral O2 extraction as a compensatory mechanism in response to reduced cardiovascular function.
Similar Isokinetic Strength Preinjury and at Return to Sport after Hamstring Injury
Authors: VAN DYK NICOL , WANGENSTEEN ARNLAUG , VERMEULEN ROBIN , WHITELEY ROD , BAHR ROALD , TOL JOHANNES L. , WITVROUW ERIK
Published: January 2019

Introduction

Side-to-side strength differences are often used in return to sport (RTS) decision making after hamstring injury. In football (soccer), there is little consensus, and a side-to-side difference of <10% is often suggested as a criterion. To date, no study has determined whether differences exist when comparing the strength of the injured limb at RTS with the preinjury level.

Purpose

The aims of this study were to compare the isokinetic strength at RTS with preinjury strength in the injured limb and to investigate the side-to-side differences at RTS.

Methods

This study was based on a pooled group of patients participating in two single-site randomized controlled trials. All eligible professional male soccer players who suffered a hamstring injury confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging were included. The isokinetic strength of the injured limb at RTS was compared with preinjury screening tests, and the side-to-side difference was determined at both time points.

Results

In total, 41 hamstring injuries were included in the analyses. Side-to-side differences in isokinetic strength at RTS were similar to preinjury levels. At RTS, the average strength of the injured limb was >95% compared with preinjury strength. Overall, 63.4% of the players had a >10% negative strength difference (i.e., the injured limb being weaker), and 57.9% of the players had a >10% positive strength difference (i.e., the injured limb being stronger) in at least one of the five isokinetic variables.

Conclusion

The distribution of isokinetic strength differences when comparing strength at RTS with preinjury measures was similar, urging clinical caution when interpreting these results. Small changes in the isokinetic strength of the injured limb at RTS compared with preinjury strength suggest that isokinetic cutoff values are not useful to guide the restoration of strength as a criterion for RTS after hamstring injury.
Case Report: Basal cell adenoma of esophagus, a rare tumor at an atypical site
Authors: Pandey Sandeep , Gao Yuanjun , Li Dan , Li Shengbao , Xie Guojian , Lü Huihui , Guo Yan , Lei Yu’e
Published: January 2019

Basal cell adenomas are rare, salivary gland tumors. These are a class of non-malignant tumors that have glandular epithelial tissue origin. Often described to have a disputed recurrence rate after excision, the prognosis of basal cell adenomas is generally good. However, their rarity makes their continuous monitoring vital. Basal cell adenomas normally cause problems exerting a pressure effect on the surrounding organs or to the originating area. Often due to its location and effect, differentiation between other tumors, e.g. basal cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and cystic carcinoma, must be done. We were able to treat a patient with complaints of sensation of regurgitation that was diagnosed as an esophageal mass on esophagogastroduodenoscopy and later as basal cell adenoma on histopathological examination. The patient was treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection successfully and has had no fresh complaints since. Here, we present a case of basal cell adenoma in the esophagus, a rare entity in itself.
The Role of Religiosity, Halal Awareness, Halal Certification, and Food Ingredients on Purchase Intention of Halal Food
Authors: Mutmainah Lu’liyatul
Published: January 2019

Halal becomes the lifestyle of Muslim consumers in the world. As the Muslim population increasing, the awareness on consuming halal food also improving. This paper aims to examine the influence of religiosity, halal awareness, halal certification, and food ingredients on purchase intention of halal food among Indonesian Muslim consumers. Convenience sampling was used as the sampling method of this study. This research consisted of 205 respondents. The data are collected by questionnaire which are analyzed by multiple linear regression. The results of this study revealed that religiosity, halal awareness, halal certification and food ingredients have significantly positive effect on purchase intention of halal Food. This study indicates that consuming halal food is primary need for Muslim. Therefore, company should acquire halal certification in order to provide halal food for Muslim’s needs. This study contributed for the research literature, government, food manufacturers and marketers to develop strategies related with halal food.
Efemérides e discursos políticos nos Boletins da Polícia Militar do Rio de Janeiro (1964-1969)
Authors: Zampa Vivian
Published: January 2019

Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir os discursos políticos presentes nos Boletins da Polícia Militar do Rio de Janeiro entre 1964 e 1969. Os Boletins da PMRJ são documentos administrativos, de produção contínua nos dias úteis, com diferentes informes. Durante o regime militar, a Polícia Militar reproduziu discursos que vinham sendo propagados pelo Exército pelo menos desde os anos de 1930 e desenvolveu textos com as mesmas dimensões. A elaboração de um discurso que motivasse a aceitabilidade e, mais ainda, a necessidade do regime militar entre os membros das PMs, tornou-se uma peça fundamental no processo de criação de uma consciência coletiva sobre os “inimigos” do período e de defesa da “democracia” expressas nas ações das Forças Armadas.
La cristiandad cuestionada: intelectuales católicos en Argentina (1950-1965)
Authors: Zanca José A.
Published: January 2019

Desde el atardecer del papado de Pío XII a la finalización del Concilio Vaticano II, el catolicismo vivió una autentica revolución interna. El trabajo propone analizar la trayectoria de los discursos de la intelectualidad católica argentina en las décadas del cincuenta y sesenta, y las condiciones que hicieron posible ese cambio. El período conciliar fue capaz de modificar el sistema de relaciones al interior del catolicismo y las formas de sanción y legitimidad de los discursos en el campo: lo decible y no decible sufrió una transformación radical. Temas como el rol de los laicos, el pluralismo, el diálogo ecuménico, la relación Iglesia - Estado, etc., formaron las coordenadas de ese intenso debate.
A publicização da produção do espaço urbano no Direito Urbanístico Brasileiro
Authors: Tavares Cesar
Published: January 2019

Este artigo defende a tese de que a produção do espaço urbano, nos termos da Constituição Federal de 1988, é um serviço público de competência municipal e não uma atividade econômica livre à inciativa privada e regulada pelo poder público. Partindo de uma crítica às leituras que tradicionalmente são feitas da Lei de Parcelamento de Solo e do Estatuto da Cidade, o texto descreve os princípios fundamentais do Direito Urbanístico Espanhol, como paradigma de comparação, para buscar os fundamentos que permitem afirmar a tese proposta em face do Direito Urbanístico Brasileiro. Por fim, o Reordenamento Urbanístico Integrado, tal como previsto no Plano Diretor de São Paulo, é estudado e destacado como um caso de publicização da produção do espaço urbano, demonstrando que os municípios têm respaldo na Ordem Constitucional Brasileira para criar instrumentos de política urbana que lhes possibilitem apropriar a produção do espaço urbano como um serviço público.
Graffiti Art Copyright Protection in Brazil: a short analysis
Authors: Barbosa Pedro Marcos Nunes , Castro Raul Murad Ribeiro de
Published: January 2019

Evolução nas políticas públicas versando sobre grafite, poluição urbana, artes em espaços públicos.
Que família é esta? Mosaico de diferenças, contradições, discriminações |What family is this? Mosaic of differences, contradictions, discriminations
Authors: Bertelli Edilane , Moser Liliane
Published: January 2019

As análises desenvolvidas sobre família nas ciências humanas e sociais no Brasil revelam o quanto se trata de um tema sujeito a determinismos e generalizações, os quais se tornam obstáculos à investigação científica e à intervenção profissional. A diversidade de questões na reflexão acerca da família na sociedade brasileira, concomitantemente às diferenças culturais, mostram contradições, desigualdades e discriminações sociais, conforme as relações sociais de classe, de gênero e étnico-raciais. Neste artigo, a partir de revisão bibliográfica do ponto de vista histórico, objetiva-se problematizar concepções naturalizadas e universalizantes quando se trata “da” família brasileira. Inicialmente, situa-se a concepção pretérita de família patriarcal, bem como as incongruências da generalização da família nuclear moderna para o contexto brasileiro. Em seguida, apontam-se tendências sociodemográficas às sociedades ocidentais e os rumos da família, concluindo que é de fundamental importância desnaturalizar concepções de família e pensá-la como fenômeno histórico e produto de determinadas circunstâncias econômicas, políticas, sociais e culturais, na medida em que seu entendimento impacta na formulação de políticas sociais e nas intervenções de profissionais de diferentes áreas.                                                                                                   Palavras-Chave: família; família patriarcal; família nuclear; gênero. Abstract – The analyzes carried out on family in the human and social sciences in Brazil reveal how much this theme is subject to determinism and generalization, which become obstacles to scientific research and professional intervention. The diversity of questions in the reflections about family in Brazilian society, along with cultural differences, show contradictions, inequalities, and social discrimination, according to class, gender, and ethnic-racial relations. This article, based on a bibliographical revision of a historical perspective, aims to problematize naturalized and universalized traces when it comes to “the” Brazilian family. Initially, the past conception of a patriarchal family is presented, as well as the incongruities of the generalization of modern nuclear family in relation to the Brazilian context. Afterwards, sociodemographic tendencies are pointed out to Western societies and the ways family is developing. It is concluded that to denaturalize conceptions of family is of fundamental importance, and also to rethink it as a historical phenomenon and product of certain economic, political, social, and cultural circumstances, in so far as its understanding impacts the formulation of social policies and the interventions of professionals from different areas.Keywords: family; patriarchal family; nuclear family; gender.
Ética e direitos humanos no trabalho de assistentes sociais na Saúde | Ethics and human rights in the work of social workers in healthcare
Authors: Ramos Sâmya Rodrigues , Sousa Aione Maria Costa , Vasconcelos Iana , Souza Larissa Jéssica Ferreira de
Published: January 2019

O Conselho Federal de Serviço Social (CFESS) vem, nas últimas décadas, construindo iniciativas para fomentar o debate ético-profissional e dos direitos humanos em diversas frentes de intervenção. Desta forma, o presente artigo analisa as repercussões da ação política do CFESS no campo da ética e dos direitos humanos no cotidiano de trabalho de assistentes sociais do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Neste sentido, o artigo é fruto de uma pesquisa realizada com profissionais de Mossoró (RN), concluída em 2017. Constatamos que as ações promovidas pelo CFESS têm uma significativa repercussão e vêm ganhando materialidade no cotidiano de trabalho dos assistentes sociais, reforçando o posicionamento ético-político defendido pelo Serviço Social brasileiro nas últimas quatro décadas.Palavras-Chave: ética; direitos humanos; Serviço Social; saúde.  Abstract – In the last decades, the Federal Council of Social Work (CFESS) has been implementing initiatives to promote ethical-professional and Human Rights debate on several fronts. In this sense, this article analyzes the impact of CFESS’s political action concerning ethics and Human Rights in the daily work of social workers of the Unified Health System (SUS). The article is the result of a survey carried out with professionals from Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte concluded in 2017. We find that the actions promoted by CFESS have a significant repercussion and are gaining materiality in the daily work of social workers, reinforcing the political-ethic positioning advocated by Brazilian social work over the last four decades.Keywords: ethics; human rights; social work; healthcare.
Strong attachments are key to quality for twos
Authors: Lee Maureen
Published: January 2019

In response to government priorities, early years providers have had a strong focus on creating quality provision for two-year-olds in recent years. Here one setting reflects on its practice in this key area.
Early input to last a lifetime
Authors: Baker Charlotte
Published: January 2019

With pupil exclusions on the rise it is important to examine the root causes. Exclusion itself is not a solution and preventative work to give children the resilience they need to cope must begin in early years.
Create a paper snowflake
Authors: Davies Sarah
Published: January 2019

Get ready to celebrate ‘Make Cut-Out Snowflakes Day’ in your setting and discover how this activity can lead to exploring mathematical, scientific and environmental issues, along with developing fine motor skills.
You've been framed
Authors: Clarke Jenni
Published: January 2019

Discover how making and choosing frames for artworks provides opportunities for display, creativity and problem solving. It can also spark conversations which lead to new ways of looking at the world.
The prevention of infection
Authors: Alamanda V. K. , Springer B. D.
Published: January 2019

Aims

Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains a serious complication that is associated with high morbidity and costs. The aim of this study was to prepare a systematic review to examine patient-related and perioperative risk factors that can be modified in an attempt to reduce the rate of PJI.

Materials and Methods

A search of PubMed and MEDLINE was conducted for articles published between January 1990 and February 2018 with a combination of search terms to identify studies that dealt with modifiable risk factors for reducing the rate of PJI. An evidence-based review was performed on 12 specific risk factors: glycaemic control, obesity, malnutrition, smoking, vitamin D levels, preoperative Staphylococcus aureus screening, the management of anti-rheumatic medication, perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis, presurgical skin preparation, the operating room environment, irrigant options, and anticoagulation.

Results

Poor glycaemic control, obesity, malnutrition, and smoking are all associated with increased rates of PJI. Vitamin D replacement has been shown in preliminary animal studies to decrease rates of PJI. Preoperative Staphylococcus aureus screening and appropriate treatment results in decreased rates of PJI. Perioperative variables, such as timely and appropriate dosage of prophylactic antibiotics, skin preparation with chlorohexidine-based solution, and irrigation with dilute betadine at the conclusion of the operation, have all been associated with reduced rates of PJI. Similarly, aggressive anticoagulation and increased operating room traffic should be avoided to help minimize risk of PJI.

Conclusion

PJI remains a serious complication of arthroplasty. Surgeons should be vigilant of the modifiable risk factors that can be addressed in an attempt to reduce the risk of PJI.
Indications for a single-stage exchange arthroplasty for chronic prosthetic joint infection
Authors: Thakrar R. R. , Horriat S. , Kayani B. , Haddad F. S.
Published: January 2019

Aims

Prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) of the hip and knee are associated with significant morbidity and socioeconomic burden. We undertook a systematic review of the current literature with the aim of proposing criteria for the selection of patients for a single-stage exchange arthroplasty in the management of a PJI.

Material and Methods

A comprehensive review of the current literature was performed using the OVID-MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases and the search terms: infection and knee arthroplasty OR knee revision OR hip arthroplasty OR hip revision, and one stage OR single stage OR direct exchange. All studies involving fewer than ten patients and follow-up of less than two years in the study group were excluded as also were systematic reviews, surgical techniques, and expert opinions.

Results

The initial search revealed 875 potential articles of which 22 fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. There were 16 case series and six comparative studies; five were prospective and 14 were retrospective. The studies included 962 patients who underwent single stage revision arthroplasty of an infected hip or knee joint. The rate of recurrent infection ranged from 0% to 18%, at a minimum of two years’ follow-up. The rate was lower in patients who were selected on the basis of factors relating to the patient and the local soft-tissue and bony conditions.

Conclusion

We conclude that single-stage revision is an acceptable form of surgical treatment for the management of a PJI in selected patients. The indications for this approach include the absence of severe immunocompromise and significant soft-tissue or bony compromise and concurrent acute sepsis. We suggest that a two-stage approach should be used in patients with multidrug resistant or atypical organisms such as fungus.
Assuring the long-term total joint arthroplasty
Authors: Kayani B. , Konan S. , Thakrar R. R. , Huq S. S. , Haddad F. S.
Published: January 2019

Objectives

The primary objective of this study was to compare accuracy in restoring the native centre of hip rotation in patients undergoing conventional manual total hip arthroplasty (THA) versus robotic-arm assisted THA. Secondary objectives were to determine differences between these treatment techniques for THA in achieving the planned combined offset, component inclination, component version, and leg-length correction.

Materials and Methods

This prospective cohort study included 50 patients undergoing conventional manual THA and 25 patients receiving robotic-arm assisted THA. Patients undergoing conventional manual THA and robotic-arm assisted THA were well matched for age (mean age, 69.4 years (sd 5.2) vs 67.5 years (sd 5.8) (p = 0.25); body mass index (27.4 kg/m2(sd 2.1) vs 26.9 kg/m2(sd 2.2); p = 0.39); and laterality of surgery (right = 28, left = 22 vs right = 12, left = 13; p = 0.78). All operative procedures were undertaken by a single surgeon using the posterior approach. Two independent blinded observers recorded all radiological outcomes of interest using plain radiographs.

Results

The correlation coefficient was 0.92 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.88 to 0.95) for intraobserver agreement and 0.88 (95% CI 0.82 to 0.94) for interobserver agreement in all study outcomes. Robotic THA was associated with improved accuracy in restoring the native horizontal (p < 0.001) and vertical (p < 0.001) centres of rotation, and improved preservation of the patient’s native combined offset (p < 0.001) compared with conventional THA. Robotic THA improved accuracy in positioning of the acetabular component within the combined safe zones of inclination and anteversion described by Lewinnek et al (p = 0.02) and Callanan et al (p = 0.01) compared with conventional THA. There was no difference between the two treatment groups in achieving the planned leg-length correction (p = 0.10).

Conclusion

Robotic-arm assisted THA was associated with improved accuracy in restoring the native centre of rotation, better preservation of the combined offset, and more precise acetabular component positioning within the safe zones of inclination and anteversion compared with conventional manual THA.
Faktor Risiko yang Berpengaruh terhadap Terjadinya Hipertensi pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe II di Wilayah Puskesmas Kabupaten Pati
Authors: Sari Gracilaria Puspa , Chasani Shofa , Pemayun Tjokorda Gde Dalem , Hadisaputro Suharyo , Nugroho Heri
Published: January 2019

Background: The prevalence of hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients is 1,5-3 times higher than it is in nondiabetic individuals This chronic condition accelerates macrovascular complications. Research about risk factors of hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients is still rare because its causes multifactorial. The objectives of this research is to explain the risk factors affecting hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients.Methods: An observational studies with case-control study design in Primary Healthcare Centers patients in Pati District. Patients with hypertension in type 2 diabetes are the case, while the type 2 diabetes patients without hypertension are the control. There were 57 cases and 57 controls included. Data were obtained from medical records and qualitative interviews. Chi-square test in bivariate and multiple logistic regression in multivariate analysis.Results: Factors that influence hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients were physical activity (OR=6,4; 95% CI: 2,18 - 18,77; p=0,001), diabetes duration ≥ 5 years (OR=5,4; 95% CI: 1,97 - 14,704; p=0,001), and medication adherence (OR=3,6; 95% CI: 1,32 - 9,83; p=0,012). Other risk factors i.e age ≥45 years, male, diet compliance, history of hypertension, smoking, salt consumption, coffee consumption, and sleep duration were not significantly influenced.Conclusion: In this study, physical activity, diabetes duration, and DM medication adherence are risk factors that influence of hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients.
Beberapa Faktor Risiko Kejadian Campak Pada Balita di Kabupaten Sarolangun
Authors: Arianto Mostang , Setiawati Mexitalia , Adi Mateus Sakundarno , Hadisaputro Suharyo , Budhi Kamilah
Published: January 2019

Background: Measles is a highly infectious disease caused by the measles virus and is still a health problem in Indonesia. Based on data the communicable disease surveillance system from 2014 to January 2016 have been reported cases of measles as many as 200 cases. This study aims to explain host and environment factors as risk factors for occurrence of measles in children under five years old.Method: A case control study, involving 56 cases children under five years old suffer from measles were registered in form C1 of health center, with 56 sex matched neighborhood controls. Studied variables were analyzed by multivariate.Result: Risk factors for measles occurrence were living at unhealthy house (OR=7.5; 95 % CI=2.64 to 21.19), low of mother’s knowledge (OR=5.7; 95 % CI=2.22 to 14.85), and never received immunization (OR=3.7; 95 % CI=1.45 to 9.39). Risk factors not proved with measles occurrence were malnutrition, lack of vitamin A, never had measles, contact history, breast-fed < 2 years, maternal age < 20 years, low of socio-economic, number of children under five years old at home > 1 and less parenting.Conclusion: Risk factors associated with measles were living at unhealthy house, low ofmother’s knowledge and never received vaccination. For elimination, measles vaccination, home inspection, communication, information and education of measles is required.
Hexagonal Nested Loop Fractal Antenna for Quad Band Wireless Applications
Authors: Mark Robert , Mishra Nipun , Mandal Kaushik , Sarkar Partha Pratim , Das Soma
Published: January 2019

A compact hexagonal nested loop fractal antenna with L shaped slot on the ground plane is presented for multiband applications. In this paper, the effect of fractal iterations and position of L-slot on ground plane are optimized for better performance of the antenna. Multiple hexagon loops excite multiple resonant modes at 1.7, 2.4, 3.1, 4.5 and 6 GHz and an L-shaped slot on the ground plane helps to achieve wide bandwidth response with better impedance matching in the 4.25–6.41 GHz frequency band. An equivalent circuit of the proposed antenna is modelled and the same is verified using ADS. Reflection coefficient and radiation pattern are presented to further confirm the performance of the proposed design for wireless applications. The proposed antenna is fabricated on a low-cost FR4 substrate of dimensions 40×32×1.6 mm3 and measured results show good agreement with simulation results.
Evaluation of aquifer hydraulic characteristics using geoelectrical sounding, pumping and laboratory tests: A case study of Lokoja and Patti Formations, Southern Bida Basin, Nigeria
Authors: Ige Olusegun Omoniyi , Obasaju Daniel Opemipo , Baiyegunhi Christopher , Ogunsanwo Olufemi , Baiyegunhi Temitope Love
Published: January 2019

The hydraulic characteristics of aquifers in Lokoja and Patti Formations were investigated using combination of vertical electrical sounding (VES), pumping and laboratory tests. A total of 20 VES (10 each in areas underlain by Lokoja and Patti Formations) were carried out at different locations with 5 pumping tests around VES stations in order to determine the geoelectric layers, thickness, depths to water table and groundwater potential of the area. 21 samples extracted fromaquiferous units of surface outcrops were also subjected to laboratory constant head and falling head permeameter tests in order to determine hydraulic conductivity (K) values using the Darcy’s law of liquid flow. The results of VES for areas underlain by Lokoja and Patti Formations revealed 4-5 geo-electrical layers. The depths to water table vary from 5.91-40.8 m. Thickness values are within the range of 7.37-27.3 m for aquiferous units of Lokoja Formation, and 10.8-20.1 m for the Patti Formation. The results of aquifer characteristics using Dar-Zarrouk Parameter gave hydraulic conductivity (K) values between 1.92-91.7 m/day and 2.15-31.8 m/day for aquifers of Lokoja and Patti Formations respectively. Transmissivity (T) values of the aquiferous units of Lokoja Formation fall within 24.97-2117 m2/day, while those of Patti Formation vary from 27.9-456.91 m2/day. There is a strong correlation between the values of measured and calculated hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity between measured and calculated transmissivity for the five wells (R2 = 0.99 and 0.92, respectively). Based on the results obtained and interpretations proffered, aquiferous units in both formations are capable of yielding optimum groundwater for private consumption and partly to small communities, and to some extent can supply water for great regional use. It is suggested that similar study should be carried out in other sedimentary basins where to aid regional planning and management of groundwater resource.
Limit Support Pressure of Tunnel Face in Multi-Layer Soils Below River Considering Water Pressure
Authors: Liu Weiping , Hu Lina , Yang Yongxuan , Fu Mingfu
Published: January 2019

This paper presents a method to determine the limit support pressure of tunnel face in multi-layer soils below river considering the water pressure. The proposed method is based on the 3D Terzaghi earth pressure theory and the wedge theory considering the water pressure. The limit support pressures are investigated using the limit equilibrium method and compared to those calculated using a numerical method, such as FLAC3D. Four cases focusing different combinations of three layers are analyzed. The results obtained by the numerical method agree well with the predictions of the proposed limit equilibrium method. The limit support pressure obtained using the limit equilibrium method is greater than that obtained by the numerical method. The limit equilibrium method is safe and conservative in obtaining the limit support pressure. The proposed limit equilibrium method is expected to be easily adaptable and to enhance the reliability of tunnel design and construction in multi-layer soils below river.
Modeling of IDF curves for stormwater design in Makkah Al Mukarramah region, The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ewea Hatem A. , Elfeki Amro M. , Bahrawi Jarbou A. , Al-Amri Nassir S.
Published: January 2019

Reducing the negative impacts of flooding in Makkah AL Mukarramah region in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is of utmost importance. In the last decade, there are huge mega infrastructure projects in KSA in general and in Makkah AL Mukarramah region in particular. These projects require adequate stormwater drainage systems. Since, the availability of rainfall and runoff data are scarce, engineers and hydrologists rely on models developed in temperature regions that are not hydrologically similar from temperate regions. This leads to inaccurate designs of stormwater facilities. Therefore, deveoping in situ Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves is a must in this arid region. This paper aims at modeling IDF curves for Makkah Al-Mukarramah region. Maximum annual daily rainfall series of 80 storms (with sub-hourly and hourly data) from four stations are investigated through six different probability distributions. Consequently, rainfall depth-duration-frequency models and curves are derived. Results revealed that the Gumbel Type I is the optimal one. Thus, it is used to deduce the IDF curves and relations for each station and for the region as a whole. The R2 value for fitting power-lawfunction (i = a Db) to the data is very high for the IDF parameters. The R2 for the coefficient parameter, a, is between 0.9999 and 0.9988 while it ranges between 0.8754 and 0.8039 for exponent parameter, b. High correlation coefficient (more than 0.95) has been obtained. The resulting IDF models are strongly recommended for rigorous, effective and safe design of the stormwater systems in Makkah Al-Mukarramah region.
Vortex beam generation with variable topological charge based on a spiral slit
Authors: Wang Han , Liu Lixia , Zhou Changda , Xu Jilian , Zhang Meina , Teng Shuyun , Cai Yangjian
Published: January 2019

We propose a vortex beam generator based on a nanometer spiral slit and explore the propagation rule of the topological charge. Compared to the common methods of generation of a vortex beam with a fixed topological charge, the optical vortex generated by the proposed vortex beam generator has the topological charge varying with the propagation distance. The value of topological charge can be modulated by the geometric charge of the spiral slit and the propagation distance. Theoretical analysis predicts the variation rule of the topological charge of vortex beam in the near field, and numerical simulations and experimental measurement verify the proposed scheme. Discussion on the shape and structure of the spiral slit is also presented. This work provides the theoretical foundation for the generation of a vortex field with variable topological charge. The simple geometry of the vortex beam generator and the flexible modulation of the topological charge must inspire applications of the vortex beam.
Baicalin inhibits recruitment of GATA1 to the HSD3B2 promoter and reverses hyperandrogenism of PCOS
Authors: Yu Jin , Liu Yuhuan , Zhang Danying , Zhai Dongxia , Song Linyi , Cai Zailong , Yu Chaoqin
Published: January 2019

High androgen levels in patients suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can be effectively reversed if the herb Scutellaria baicalensis is included in traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions. To characterize the effects of baicalin, extracted from S. baicalensis, on androgen biosynthesis in NCI-H295R cells and on hyperandrogenism in PCOS model rats and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. The optimum concentration and intervention time for baicalin treatment of NCI-H295R cells were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and ELISA. The functional genes affected by baicalin were studied by gene expression profiling (GEP), and the key genes were identified using a dual luciferase assay, RNA interference technique and genetic mutations. Besides, hyperandrogenic PCOS model rats were induced and confirmed before and after baicalin intervention. As a result, baicalin decreased the testosterone concentrations in a dose- and time-dependent manner in NCI-H295R cells. GEP revealed that 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II (HSD3B2) was the key enzyme of androgen biosynthesis, and baicalin inhibited the expression of HSD3B2 by regulating the binding of transcription factor GATA-binding factor 1 (GATA1) to the HSD3B2 promoter. Hyperandrogenic PCOS model rats treated with baicalin significantly reversed the high androgen levels of serum and the abnormal ovarian status, restored the estrous cyclicity and decreased the expression of HSD3B2 in ovarian. In summary, our data revealed that GATA1 is an important transcription factor activating the HSD3B2 promoter in steroidogenesis, and baicalin will potentially be an effective therapeutic agent for hyperandrogenism in PCOS by inhibiting the recruitment of GATA1 to the HSD3B2 promoter in ovarian tissue.
Association of foetal size and sex with porcine foeto-maternal interface integrin expression
Authors: Stenhouse Claire , Hogg Charis O , Ashworth Cheryl J
Published: January 2019

Integrins regulate adhesion at the foeto-maternal interface by interacting with secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) and fibronectin (FN). It is hypothesised that impaired foetal growth of ‘runt’ piglets is linked to altered integrin signalling at the foeto-maternal interface. Placental and endometrial samples associated with the lightest and closest to mean litter weight (CTMLW) (gestational day (GD18, 30, 45, 60 and 90), of both sex (GD30, 45, 60 and 90) (n = 5–8 litters/GD), Large White × Landrace conceptuses or foetuses were obtained. The mRNA expression of the integrin subunits (ITG)ITGA2,ITGAV,ITGB1,ITGB3,ITGB5,ITGB6,ITGB8,SPP1andFNwas quantified by qPCR. Temporal changes in mRNA expression were observed, with different profiles in the two tissues. EndometrialITGB1(P ≤ 0.05, GD45) andSPP1(P ≤ 0.05, all GD combined and GD60) expression was decreased in samples supplying the lightest compared to the CTMLW foetuses. Placentas supplying female foetuses had decreased expression ofITGB6(GD45,P ≤ 0.05) andFN(GD90,P ≤ 0.05) compared to those supplying male foetuses. Endometrial samples supplying females had increasedITGB3(P ≤ 0.05, GD60) andFN(P ≤ 0.05, GD30) expression and decreasedSPP1(P ≤ 0.05, GD60) expression compared to male foetuses. Correlations between mean within-gilt mRNA expression and percentage prenatal survival, number of live foetuses or conceptuses and percentage male foetuses were observed. This study has highlighted novel and dynamic associations between foetal size, sex and integrin subunit mRNA expression at the porcine foeto-maternal interface. Further studies should be performed to improve the understanding of the mechanisms behind these novel findings.
A Drosophila CRISPR/Cas9 Toolkit for Conditionally Manipulating Gene Expression in the Prothoracic Gland as a Test Case for Polytene Tissues
Authors: Huynh Nhan , Zeng Jie , Liu Wen , King-Jones Kirst
Published: January 2019

Targeting gene function with spatial or temporal specificity is a key goal in molecular genetics. CRISPR-Cas9 has greatly facilitated this strategy, but some standard approaches are problematic. For instance, simple tissue-specific or global overexpression of Cas9 can cause significant lethality or developmental delays even in the absence of gRNAs. In particular, we found that Gal4-mediated expression of UAS-Cas9 in the Drosophila prothoracic gland (PG) was not a suitable strategy to disrupt gene expression, since Cas9 alone caused widespread lethality. The PG is widely used for studying endocrine gland function during animal development, but tools validating PG-specific RNAi phenotypes are lacking. Here, we present a collection of modular gateway-compatible CRISPR-Cas9 tools that allow precise modulation of target gene activity with temporal and spatial specificity. We also demonstrate that Cas9 fused to the progesterone ligand-binding domain can be used to activate gene expression via RU486. Using these approaches, we were able to avoid the lethality associated with simple GAL4-mediated overexpression of Cas9 in the PG. Given that the PG is a polytene tissue, we conclude that these tools work effectively in endoreplicating cells where Cas9 has to target multiple copies of the same locus. Our toolkit can be easily adapted for other tissues and can be used both for gain- and loss-of-function studies.
WDR-23 and SKN-1/Nrf2 Coordinate with the BLI-3 Dual Oxidase in Response to Iodide-Triggered Oxidative Stress
Authors: Xu Zhaofa , Hu Yiman , Deng Yajun , Chen Yutao , Hua Hanqi , Huang Siyu , Nie Qian , Pan Qian , Ma Dengke K , Ma Long
Published: January 2019

Animals utilize conserved mechanisms to regulate oxidative stress. The C. elegansSKN-1 protein is homologous to the vertebrate Nrf (NF-E2-related factor) family of cap ’n’ collar (CnC) transcription factors and functions as a core regulator of xenobiotic and oxidative stress responses. The WD40 repeat-containing protein WDR-23 is a key negative regulator of SKN-1 activity. We previously found that the oxidative stress induced by excess iodide can be relieved by loss of function in the BLI-3/TSP-15/DOXA-1 dual oxidase complex. To further understand the molecular mechanism of this process, we screened for new mutants that can survive in excess iodide and identified gain-of-function mutations in skn-1 and loss-of-function mutations in wdr-23. The SKN-1C isoform functions in the hypodermis to affect animal’s response to excess iodide, while the SKN-1A isoform appears to play a minor role. wdr-23(lf) can interact with bli-3 mutations in a manner different from skn-1(gf). Transcriptome studies suggest that excess iodide causes developmental arrest largely independent of changes in gene expression, and wdr-23(lf) could affect the expression of a subset of genes by a mechanism different from SKN-1 activation. We propose that WDR-23 and SKN-1 coordinate with the BLI-3/TSP-15/DOXA-1 dual oxidase complex in response to iodide-triggered oxidative stress.
HO Endonuclease-Initiated Recombination in Yeast Meiosis Fails To Promote Homologous Centromere Pairing and Is Not Constrained To Utilize the Dmc1 Recombinase
Authors: Yisehak Lina , MacQueen Amy J
Published: January 2019

Crossover recombination during meiosis is accompanied by a dramatic chromosome reorganization. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the onset of meiotic recombination by the Spo11 transesterase leads to stable pairwise associations between previously unassociated homologous centromeres followed by the intimate alignment of homologous axes via synaptonemal complex (SC) assembly. However, the molecular relationship between recombination and global meiotic chromosome reorganization remains poorly understood. In budding yeast, one question is why SC assembly initiates earliest at centromere regions while the DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) that initiate recombination occur genome-wide. We targeted the site-specific HO endonuclease to various positions on S. cerevisiae’s longest chromosome in order to ask whether a meiotic DSB’s proximity to the centromere influences its capacity to promote homologous centromere pairing and SC assembly. We show that repair of an HO-mediated DSB does not promote homologous centromere pairing nor any extent of SC assembly in spo11 meiotic nuclei, regardless of its proximity to the centromere. DSBs induced en masse by phleomycin exposure likewise do not promote homologous centromere pairing nor robust SC assembly. Interestingly, in contrast to Spo11, HO-initiated interhomolog recombination is not affected by loss of the meiotic kinase, Mek1, and is not constrained to use the meiosis-specific Dmc1 recombinase. These results strengthen the previously proposed idea that (at least some) Spo11 DSBs may be specialized in activating mechanisms that both 1) reinforce homologous chromosome alignment via homologous centromere pairing and SC assembly, and 2) establish Dmc1 as the primary strand exchange enzyme.
Genomic Analysis To Identify Signatures of Artificial Selection and Loci Associated with Important Economic Traits in Duroc Pigs
Authors: Ma Yunlong , Zhang Saixian , Zhang Kaili , Fang Chengchi , Xie Shengsong , Du Xiaoyong , Li Xinyun , Ni Debin , Zhao Shuhong
Published: January 2019

Identifying genetic basis of domestication and improvement in livestock contributes to our understanding of the role of artificial selection in shaping the genome. Here we used whole-genome sequencing and the genotyping by sequencing approach to detect artificial selection signatures and identify the associated SNPs of two economic traits in Duroc pigs. A total of 38 candidate selection regions were detected by combining the fixation index and the Composite Likelihood Ratio methods. Further genome-wide association study revealed seven associated SNPs that were related with intramuscular fat content and feed conversion ratio traits, respectively. Enrichment analysis suggested that the artificial selection regions harbored genes, such as MSTN, SOD2, MC5R and CD83, which are responsible for economic traits including lean muscle mass, fertility and immunization. Overall, this study found a series of candidate genes putatively associated with the breeding improvement of Duroc pigs and the polygenic basis of adaptive evolution, which can provide important references and fundamental information for future breeding programs.
Social and geographical aspects of development of urbanizational process in Ukraine
Authors: Zastavetska L. B. , Zastavetskyi T. B. , Zablotskyi B. V. , Dudarchuk K. D.
Published: January 2019

The article examines the development of the urbanization process in Ukraine, highlights its stages and describes the factors that influenced the formation and development of cities. Considerable attention is paid to the peculiarities of the periods of urbanization in our country. In particular, the following stages of this process are highlighted: the emergence of the first cities and Greek colonial cities, the emergence of ancient Russian cities as defense and artisan centers, the strengthening of urban development under the influence of the development of manufactory production, transport routes, rapid urban development under the influence of industrialization, the formation of agglomerations and the modern period the development of urban settlements, which is characterized by the phenomenon ofdeurbanization. The main factors that had an impact on the formation of urban settlements in each period were identified, the largest cities that were formed at the time. The periods of prosperity and decline of cities, causes of urbanization, suburbanization anddeurbanization, transformation of functions of cities in the modern period and their role in resettlement systems are revealed. It is noted that the stages of prosperity of Ukrainian cities at the end of the XX century vary in the stage of evolutionary development, and later in degradation. This is evidenced by changes in the number of urban population and the number of cities in Ukraine. The main ways of the emergence of modern cities from the social and economic crisis are outlined. Cities, as centers of new territorial communities, will take on new functions. They will become centers of social and economic transformation, business centers for surrounding territories. To do this, it is necessary to determine for each city the main industry of production or services, which would be a "driver" for its further development. At the same time possible or rebranding (the restoration of activity that was previously in the city), or the creation of new types of economy, for the development of which are local resources. The importance of forming a modern city as a source of innovations is emphasized, which will allow it to become the center of investment transformation of territorial communities for the future.