‘पिँधको मान्छे’ कवितामा सीमान्तीय अभिव्यक्ति {A marginal expression in the poem 'Pindhko Manche'}
Authors: गैरे Gaire शङ्करप्रसाद Shankarprasad 
Published: December 2022

प्रस्तुत अनुसन्धानमूलक लेख ‘पिँधको मान्छे’ कविताको विश्लेषणमा आधारित छ । प्रस्तुत कविता कवि गिरि श्रीस मगरद्वारा लिखित ‘एकलव्यको देब्रे हात’ कवितासङ्ग्रहमा समाविष्ट छ । उनी आफ्ना कवितामा विभिन्न कारणले पछाडि परेको वर्ग, समुदाय वा हेपिएको, अपमानित भएको, शोषित र दमित वर्गका कथाव्यथालाई अभिव्यञ्जित गर्न रुचाउँछन् । प्रस्तुत कविताले युगौँदेखि श्रमशोषणमा परेका र कहिल्यै माथि उठ्न नपाए/नसकेका वर्गको विषयलाई उठाएको छ । ती वर्गका पसिनाको शोषण गरी सदैव उनीहरूमाथि शासन गर्ने माथिल्लो वर्गको शैलीप्रति कविताले व्यङ्ग्य गर्दै शोषितप्रति सहानुभूतिको भाव प्रकट गरेको छ । यस प्रकारको विषयवस्तुलाई सबाल्टर्न भनिन्छ भने साहित्यमा अभिव्यक्त सबाल्टर्नको अध्ययन गर्ने सिद्धान्तलाई सबाल्टर्न वा सीमान्तीय समालोचना भनिन्छ । प्रस्तुत समालोचनात्मक लेखमा ‘पिँधको मान्छे’ कवितालाई विश्लेष्य सामग्रीका रूपमा चयन गरी उत्तरआधुनिक समालोचनाका क्षेत्रमा विशेष महत्वको मानिने सीमान्तीय समालोचना सिद्धान्तका सापेक्षतामा अध्ययन–विश्लेषण गरी प्रस्तुत कविताले उठाएको सीमान्तीकृत वर्गको विषयलाई पहिचान गरिएको छ । युगौँदेखि सामन्तबाट शोषणमा परेका तर तिनको बारेमा कुनै पनि पक्षले नबोलेर मौन बसेकाले उनीहरू आफ्नो हकहितका पक्षमा आवाज उठाउन अक्षम रहेको सन्दर्भलाई नै कविताले अभिव्यक्त गरेको कुराको प्रकटीकरण गर्नु नै प्रस्तुत कविताको उद्देश्य रहेको निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ । कवितामा आर्थिक र चेतनाका दृष्टिले सीमान्तवर्गमा परेकाका करुणाजन्य अवस्थाको चित्रण गरेर तिनप्रति माथिल्लो वर्गको शून्य सहानुभूतिको व्यवहारका कारण सीमान्त वर्ग सदैव दमित अपहेलित रहन बाध्य रहेको भाव कवितामा व्यक्त भएको निष्कर्ष यस समालोचनात्मक लेखमा निकालिएको छ ।

{The present research article is based on the analysis of the poem 'Pindhko Manche'. This poem is included in the poetry collection 'Eklavyako Devre Haat'written by poet Giri Sris Magar. In his poems, he prefers to express the stories of the backward classes, communities or the oppressed, humiliated, exploited and oppressed classes in his poems. The present poem has raised the subject of the class that has been subjected to labor exploitation for ages and has never been able to rise up. The poem satirizes the style of the upper classes who always rule over them by exploiting the sweat of those classes and shows sympathy for the oppressed. This type of theme is called subaltern, while the theory of studying the subaltern expressed in literature is called subaltern or marginal criticism. In this critical article, the poem 'Pindhko Manche' has been selected as the analysis material and the subject of the marginalized class raised by the poem has been identified by studying and analyzing the relevance of the theory of marginal criticism, which is considered to be of special importance in the field of postmodern criticism. It has been concluded that the purpose of the poem is to reveal the context in which the people who have been exploited by feudal lords for ages but are silent without speaking about them are unable to raise their voices in favor of their rights. By depicting the compassionate condition of those who are in the marginal class in terms of economic and consciousness in the poem, the conclusion that the marginal class is forced to remain oppressed and neglected due to the zero sympathy of the upper class towards them is expressed in this critical article.}