bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radiation aspects on magneto‐Carreau nanoliquid flow over a bidirectionally stretchable surface with variable thermal conditions
Authors: Ahmad Iftikhar , Faisal Muhammad , Javed Tariq
Published: May 2020

Inspired by spectacular applications of nonlinear resources in the field of nanotechnology, we formulate a mathematical relation for unsteady radiative flow of a magneto‐Carreau nanoliquid as the consequence of a bidirectionally stretchable surface using the Buongiorno model. Practically, this newly mentioned approach is more genuine where we account for the fact that the surface temperature and surface heat flux are adjusted themselves on the boundaries, accordingly. With the utilization of this approach, industrial and engineering quantities of interest are investigated in a more effective manner. A suitable combination of variables is used to alter the partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations and then computationally solved by employing the Keller box method. The great significance of the involved constraints on the Carreau nanomaterial velocity components, temperature, and concentration fields is depicted graphically and elucidated in detail. The foremost outcomes for drag forces, surface temperature gradient, and concentration gradient for the Carreau nanomaterial are anticipated and arranged through tables. For endorsement of the present solution, the attained outcomes are linked with formerly published work in a particular case and found in marvelous agreement. It is observed that an escalating amount of radiative parameter Rd enhances the temperature of the Carreau nanomaterial. Moreover, the amounts of heat and mass fluxes are significantly improved by increasing the temperature of the surface.
Analysis of visualization techniques of bottom heated lid–driven square cavity
Authors: Narayana Vekamulla , Rani Hari Ponnamma
Published: May 2020

In the present study, an attempt is made to explore the flow visualization techniques inside the bottom heated lid–driven square cavity. The governing equations along with boundary conditions are solved numerically. The convection differencing schemes namely, upwind difference, quadratic upstream interpolation for convective kinetics, Superbee, and self‐filtered central differencing schemes are discussed and are used to simulate the flow using message passing interface (MPI) code. An attempt has been made to analyze the flow behavior inside the cavity using streamlines, isotherms energy streamlines, and field synergy by varying the Reynolds number (Re) and Richardson number (Ri). The simulated results (100≤ Re ≤ 1000 and 0.001≤ Ri ≤ 10) are validated with previous results in literature. It is observed that the computational cost for all the differencing schemes gets reduced tremendously when the MPI code is implemented. Flow becomes quasi‐two‐dimensional for Ri < 1. Overall, Nusselt number increases mildly with cavity inclination for the forced convection–dominated case (Ri = 0.1) while it increases much more rapidly with inclination for natural convection–dominated case (Ri = 10).
Unsteady problem of magnetohydrodynamic heat plus mass transfer convective flow over a moveable plate with effects of thermophoresis and thermal radiation
Authors: Ayegbusi Florence D. , Onwubuoya Cletus , Falodun Bidemi O.
Published: May 2020

This paper investigates the problem of unsteady magnetohydrodynamic heat plus mass transfer convective flow over a moveable vertical plate with the influence of thermophoresis and thermal radiation. The physical problem is governed by a set of partial differential equations. These sets of equations are coupled and are nonlinear. They were transformed into a dimensionless form of equations by introducing appropriate nondimensional quantities. An iterative method called the spectral relaxation method was used to linearize and decouple the set of dimensionless equations. Results were presented both in graphs and tables. It was found out that thermophoresis parameter has a significant effect on velocity and concentration fields. The thermal radiation is seen to have a significant effect on velocity and temperature fields. The skin friction is seen to increase the moment thermal Grashof number is increased. The model of Newtonian fluid flow over a moveable vertical plate is considered. The plate was considered moving toward the ‐direction and the radiative heat flux is only with respect to . This study considered effects of viscous dissipation, thermophoresis, and radiation on heat plus mass transfer. This, to the best of our knowledge, has not been considered in the literature.
Impact of aligned MHD flow with inclined outer velocity for a casson nanofluid over a stretching sheet
Authors: Devi Renu , Poply Vikas , Manimala
Published: May 2020

The scope of the introduced study focuses on the analysis of heat as well as flow transportation in an oblique Casson nanofluid in the presence of an aligned magnetic field. The fluid is supposed to impinge obliquely on a sheet that stretches in both directions of the x‐axis with heat generation. The moulded partial differential equations computed numerically with the shooting procedure by adopting the Runge Kutta Fehlberg method. The change in the behaviour of the emerging fluid parameters are described graphically and their results are shows in tables. The outcomes disclosed that the fluid velocity declined for Casson fluid parameter and the aligned angle of the magnetic field. In addition, with the increase in the Casson fluid parameter and aligned angle of magnetic field, the fluid temperature and concentration rise. The outcomes of this study may be beneficial to control the rate of heat and mass transportation as well as controlling fluid velocity in industry to obtain a final product of the desired quality.
Assessment of thermal characteristics of square wavy plates
Authors: Hussain Shafqat , Kalendar Abdulrahim , Rafique Muhammad Zeeshan , Oosthuizen Patrick H.
Published: May 2020

In this paper, the thermal characteristics and air flow behavior over heated square plate of wavy configurations are assessed. Two cases of heated wavy configurations were considered, one having an elliptical and other with the sinusoidal cross‐sectional shape to augment heat transfer rate over the plate. To explore the impact of wavy configurations of plate on convective heat transfer, the Rayleigh numbers in the range of 104 to 1013 were considered. The steady‐state two‐dimensional momentum and energy equations were solved using a validated numerical model. The numerical results in terms of Nusselt numbers, Rayleigh numbers, aspect ratio (AR), and flow/temperature distribution over the plate are presented. The variations in the heat transfer coefficient and temperature contours with Rayleigh number and AR of waves were concentrated for both the elliptical and sinusoidal configurations of the plate. The results obtained indicate that the enhancement in heat transfer rate from the heated plate depends on the Rayleigh number, the AR of waves, plate configuration, and the Prandtl number.
Monitoring of water surface temperature of Eurasian large lakes usingMODISland surface temperature product
Authors: Du Jia , Jacinthe Pierre‐Andre , Zhou Haohao , Xiang Xiaoyun , Zhao Boyu , Wang Min , Song Kaishan
Published: May 2020

In this study, data from MODIS land surface temperature product level 3 (MOD11A2) were used to investigate the spatiotemporal variation of Eurasian lakes water surface temperature (LSWT) from 2001 to 2015, and to examine the most influencing factors of that variation. The temperature of most lakes in the dry climate zone and in the equatorial climatic zone varied from 17 to 31°C and from 23 to 27°C, respectively. LSWTs in the warm temperate and cold climatic zones were in the range of 20 to 27°C and −0.6 and 17°C, respectively. The average day time LSWT in the polar climate zone was −0.71°C in the summer. Lakes in high latitude and in the Tibetan Plateau displayed low LSWT, ranging from −11 to 26°C during the night time. Large spatial variations of diurnal temperature difference (DTD) were observed in lakes across Eurasia. However, variations in DTDs were small in lakes located in high latitude and in tropical rainforest regions. The shallow lakes showed a rapid response of LSWT to solar and atmospheric forcing, while in the large and deep lakes, that response was sluggish. Results of this study demonstrated the applicability of remote sensing and MODIS LST products to capture the spatial–temporal variability of LSWT across continental scales, in particular for the vast wilderness areas and protected environment in high latitude regions of the world. The approach can be used in future studies examining processes and factors controlling large scale variability of LSWT.
Blockade of p38 kinase impedes the mobilization of protumorigenic myeloid populations to impact breast cancer metastasis
Authors: Zonneville Justin , Colligan Sean , Grant Sydney , Miller Alexandra , Wallace Paul , Abrams Scott I. , Bakin Andrei V.
Published: May 2020

Patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) have limited therapeutic options and novel treatments are critically needed. Prior research implicates tumor‐induced mobilization of myeloid cell populations in metastatic progression, as well as being an unfavorable outcome in MBC; however, the underlying mechanisms for these relationships remain unknown. Here, we provide evidence for a novel mechanism by which p38 promotes metastasis. Using triple‐negative breast cancer models, we showed that a selective inhibitor of p38 (p38i) significantly reduced tumor growth, angiogenesis, and lung metastasis. Importantly, p38i decreased the accumulation of myeloid populations, namely, myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and CD163+ tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs). p38 controlled the expression of tumor‐derived chemokines/cytokines that facilitated the recruitment of protumor myeloid populations. Depletion of MDSCs was accompanied by reduced TAM infiltration and phenocopied the antimetastatic effects of p38i. Reciprocally, p38i increased tumor infiltration by cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, the CD163+/CD8+ expression ratio inversely correlated with metastasis‐free survival in breast cancer, suggesting that targeting p38 may improve clinical outcomes. Overall, our study highlights a previously unknown p38‐driven pathway as a therapeutic target in MBC.
Online/offline self‐disclosure to offline friends and relational outcomes in a diary study: The moderating role of self‐esteem and relational closeness
Authors: Li Liman Man Wai , Chen Qilin , Gao Haojie , Li Wen‐Qiao , Ito Kenichi
Published: May 2020

Previous work suggests that the experiences of online and offline self‐disclosure are heterogeneous among individuals. Yet little work has been done to identify the moderating role of individual characteristics and pre‐existing relationship characteristics on the diverse relational outcomes. The present study using a 7‐day diary design examined whether individuals' self‐esteem level and relational closeness would moderate the relationships between online and offline self‐disclosure to offline friends and two relational outcomes, that is, relationship satisfaction and trust in friendships. The analyses on 686 diary responses from 98 participants revealed that offline self‐disclosure generally predicted greater relationship satisfaction and trust in friendships, whereas the role of online self‐disclosure was not statistically significant. More importantly, self‐esteem moderated the pattern associated with offline self‐disclosure but not that with online self‐disclosure. Specifically, offline self‐disclosure predicted greater benefits to people with lower self‐esteem relative to people with higher self‐esteem. Moreover, pre‐existing relational closeness moderated the relationship between offline self‐disclosure and trust in friendships such that casual friendships benefited more from offline self‐disclosure than close friendships did. The present study highlights the importance of personal characteristics and relationship characteristics in understanding the heterogeneous relational influence of different communication modes.
CD8+ T‐cell senescence and skewed lymphocyte subsets in young Dyskeratosis Congenita patients with PARN and DKC1 mutations
Authors: Zeng Ting , Lv Ge , Chen Xuemei , Yang Lu , Zhou Lina , Dou Ying , Tang Xuemei , Yang Jun , An Yunfei , Zhao Xiaodong
Published: May 2020

Background

Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is a syndrome resulting from defective telomere maintenance. Immunodeficiency associated with DC can cause significant morbidity and lead to premature mortality, but the immunological characteristics and molecular hallmark of DC patients, especially young patients, have not been described in detail.

Methods

We summarize the clinical data of two juvenile patients with DC. Gene mutations were identified by whole‐exome and direct sequencing. Swiss‐PdbViewer was used to predict the pathogenicity of identified mutations. The relative telomere length was determined by QPCR, and a comprehensive analysis of lymphocyte subsets and CD57 expression was performed by flow cytometry.

Results

Both patients showed typical features of DC without severe infection. In addition, patient 1 (P1) was diagnosed with Hoyeraal‐Hreidarsson syndrome due to cerebellar hypoplasia. Gene sequencing showed P1 had a compound heterozygous mutation (c.204G > T and c.178‐245del) in PARN and P2 had a novel hemizygous mutation in DKC1 (c.1051A > G). Lymphocyte subset analysis showed B and NK cytopenia, an inverted CD4:CD8 ratio, and decreased naïve CD4 and CD8 cells. A significant increase in CD21low B cells and skewed numbers of helper T cells (Th), regulatory T cells (Treg), follicular regulatory T cells (Tfr), and follicular helper T cells (Tfh) were also detected. Short telomere lengths, increased CD57 expression, and an expansion of CD8 effector memory T cells re‐expressing CD45RA (TEMRA) were also found in both patients.

Conclusion

Unique immunologic abnormalities, CD8 T‐cell senescence, and shortened telomere together as a hallmark occur in young DC patients before progression to severe disease.
Far away, so close: The role of self‐differentiation in psychopathology among spouses of ex‐POWs and comparable combatants
Authors: Kapel Lev‐Ari Rony , Solomon Zahava , Horesh Danny
Published: May 2020

Objective

War captivity entails severe posttraumatic implications for ex‐prisoners of war (POWs) and their partners. This study examines the role of self‐differentiation in secondary traumatization and dyadic adjustment among ex‐POWs' spouses.

Methods

A total of 106 spouses of Israeli ex‐POWs and 56 matched spouses of ex‐combatants completed self‐report questionnaires assessing secondary posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (SPS), self‐differentiation (fusion, cut‐off, balanced), general psychiatric distress (GPD), and dyadic adjustment.

Results

Ex‐POWs' spouses reported lower dyadic adjustment and higher levels of SPS, GPD, and fusion and cut‐off differentiation, compared to ex‐combatants' spouses. A “mixed” differentiation style characterized by high levels of both fusion and cut‐off was associated with particularly high distress levels. Fusion differentiation moderated the association between SPS/GPD and dyadic adjustment.

Conclusion

Self‐differentiation plays an important role in posttraumatic spousal relationships. Women showing unstable differentiation may be particularly vulnerable when living with a veteran. Treatments for posttraumatic couples should target dysregulated interpersonal distance and promote adaptive differentiation.
Emerging landscape of circular RNAs as biomarkers and pivotal regulators in osteosarcoma
Authors: Tu Chao , He Jieyu , Qi Lin , Ren Xiaolei , Zhang Chenghao , Duan Zhixi , Yang Kexin , Wang Wanchun , Lu Qiong , Li Zhihong
Published: May 2020

Osteosarcoma represents the most prevailing primary bone tumor and the third most common cancer in children and adolescents worldwide. Among noncoding RNAs, circular RNAs (circRNAs) refer to a unique class in the shape of a covalently closed continuous loop with neither 5′ caps nor 3′‐polyadenylated tails, which are generated through back‐splicing. Recently, with the development of whole‐genome and transcriptome sequencing technologies, a growing number of circRNAs have been found aberrantly expressed in multiple diseases, including osteosarcoma. circRNA are capable of various biological functions including miRNA sponge, mediating alternatives, regulating genes at posttranscriptional levels, and interacting with proteins, indicating a pivotal role of circRNA in cancer initiation, progression, chemoresistance, and immune response. Moreover, circRNAs have been thrust into the spotlight as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in osteosarcoma. Herein, we briefly summarize the origin and biogenesis of circRNA with current knowledge of circRNA in tumorigenesis of osteosarcoma, aiming to elucidate the specific role and clinical implication of circRNAs in osteosarcoma.
Identification of a four immune‐related genes signature based on an immunogenomic landscape analysis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Gao Xin , Yang Jinlian , Chen Yinyi
Published: May 2020

Renal clear cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common type of renal cell carcinoma, which has strong immunogenicity. A comprehensive study of the role of immune‐related genes (IRGs) in ccRCC is of great significance in finding ccRCC treatment targets and improving patient prognosis. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the expression of IRGs in ccRCC based on The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets. The mechanism of differentially expressed IRGs in ccRCC was analyzed by bioinformatics. In addition, Cox regression analysis was used to screen prognostic related IRGs from differentially expressed IRGs. We also identified a four IRGs signature consisting of four IRGs (CXCL2, SEMA3G, PDGFD, and UCN) through lasso regression and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Further analysis results showed that the four IRGs signature could effectively predict the prognosis of patients with ccRCC, and its predictive power is independent of other clinical factors. In addition, the correlation analysis of immune cell infiltration showed that this four IRGs signature could effectively reflect the level of immune cell infiltration of ccRCC. We also found that the expression of immune checkpoint genes CTLA‐4, LAG3, and PD‐1 in the high‐risk group was higher than that in the low‐risk group. Our research revealed the role of IRGs in ccRCC, and developed a four IRGs signature that could be used to evaluate the prognosis of patients with ccRCC, which will help to develop personalized treatment strategies for patients with ccRCC and improve their prognosis. In addition, these four IRGs may be effective therapeutic targets for ccRCC.
A retrospective analysis of venous thromboembolism trends in chemotherapy‐induced anemia: Red blood cell transfusion versus erythrocyte stimulating agent administration
Authors: Bryer Emily J. , Kallan Michael J. , Chiu Ting‐Shan , Scheuba Katharina M. , Henry David H.
Published: May 2020

Background

Patients receiving a variety of chemotherapy regimens often develop chemotherapy‐induced anemia (CIA), which contributes to poor outcomes including increased mortality. Prompt and effective treatment of CIA is essential to prevent fewer chemotherapy dose delays and reductions. Optimal therapy of CIA is controversial and involves the solitary and combined use of intravenous iron, red blood cell (RBC) transfusions, and erythropoietin stimulating agents (ESAs). Despite the baseline coagulopathies present in patients with malignancy, administration of both RBC transfusions and ESAs is associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE). It remains unknown whether the risk of VTE in patients with CIA is greater among patients who receive RBC transfusions or ESAs.

Methods

A retrospective study analyzed 10,269 University of Pennsylvania Health System patients with malignancies of various type, stage, and histopathology who developed CIA between 2008 and 2017. Using multivariate Cox regression, we determined adjusted hazard ratios (and corresponding 95% confidence intervals) of VTE development after adjusting for RBC and ESA intervention (all during the 90 days following CIA diagnosis).

Results

Among the 10,269 patients with CIA, 2,642 (25.7%) developed a VTE within the 90‐day period. VTE risk following RBC transfusion (HR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.24‐1.50, P < .001) was more than twice as common as VTE risk following ESA administration (HR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.40‐0.69, P < .001).

Conclusion

While both RBC transfusion and ESA are independently associated with VTE, our data suggest a greater risk of VTE development with RBC transfusion as compared with ESA.
2H‐Indazolo[2,1‐b]phthalazine‐trione derivatives: Inhibition on some metabolic enzymes and molecular docking studies
Authors: Taslimi Parham , Türkan Fikret , Turhan Kadir , Karaman Halide Sedef , Turgut Zuhal , Gulcin İlhami
Published: May 2020

In this study, substituted 2H‐indazolo[2,1‐b]phthalazine‐1,6,11‐trione compounds (4a–d) obtained via one‐pot three‐component condensation reaction of aromatic aldehydes, cyclic 1,3‐dione, and phthalhydrazide in ethanol catalyzed by Y(OTf)3 showed satisfactory inhibitory effects against some important enzymes. Also, these molecules had Ki values in the row of 185.92 ± 36.03‐294.82 ± 50.76 nM vs carbonic anhydrase I (CA I), 204.93 ± 46.90‐374.10 ± 83.63 nM against human CA II, 937.16 ± 205.82‐1021.83 ± 193.66 nM against α‐glycosidase (α‐Gly), respectively. For cholinesterase enzymes, the Ki values were found in the range of 47.26 ± 9.62‐72.05 ± 19.47 nM against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and 65.03 ± 9.88‐102.83 ± 25.04 nM against butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), respectively. The inhibition effects of these compounds against enzymes whose name are AChE, BChE, α‐Gly, hCA I, and hCA II, were compared with control molecules like tacrine, acarbose, and acetazolamide.
Rosette Trajectories Enable Ungated, Motion‐Robust, Simultaneous Cardiac and Liver T2* Iron Assessment
Authors: Bush Adam M. , Sandino Christopher M. , Ramachandran Shreya , Ong Frank , Dwork Nicholas , Zucker Evan J. , Syed Ali B. , Pauly John M. , Alley Marcus T. , Vasanawala Shreyas S.
Published: May 2020

Background

Quantitative T2* MRI is the standard of care for the assessment of iron overload. However, patient motion corrupts T2* estimates.

Purpose

To develop and evaluate a motion‐robust, simultaneous cardiac and liver T2* imaging approach using non‐Cartesian, rosette sampling and a model‐based reconstruction as compared to clinical‐standard Cartesian MRI.

Study Type

Prospective.

Phantom/Population

Six ferumoxytol‐containing phantoms (26–288 μg/mL). Eight healthy subjects and 18 patients referred for clinically indicated iron overload assessment.

Field Strength/Sequence

1.5T, 2D Cartesian and rosette gradient echo (GRE)

Assessment

GRE T2* values were validated in ferumoxytol phantoms. In healthy subjects, test–retest and spatial coefficient of variation (CoV) analysis was performed during three breathing conditions. Cartesian and rosette T2* were compared using correlation and Bland–Altman analysis. Images were rated by three experienced radiologists on a 5‐point scale.

Statistical Tests

Linear regression, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and paired Student's t‐testing were used to compare reproducibility and variability metrics in Cartesian and rosette scans. The Wilcoxon rank test was used to assess reader score comparisons and reader reliability was measured using intraclass correlation analysis.

Results

Rosette R2* (1/T2*) was linearly correlated with ferumoxytol concentration (r2 = 1.00) and not significantly different than Cartesian values (P = 0.16). During breath‐holding, ungated rosette liver and heart T2* had lower spatial CoV (liver: 18.4 ± 9.3% Cartesian, 8.8% ± 3.4% rosette, P = 0.02, heart: 37.7% ± 14.3% Cartesian, 13.4% ± 1.7% rosette, P = 0.001) and higher‐quality scores (liver: 3.3 [3.0–3.6] Cartesian, 4.7 [4.1–4.9] rosette, P = 0.005, heart: 3.0 [2.3–3] Cartesian, 4.5 [3.8–5.0] rosette, P = 0.005) compared to Cartesian values. During free‐breathing and failed breath‐holding, Cartesian images had very poor to average image quality with significant artifacts, whereas rosette remained very good, with minimal artifacts (P = 0.001).

Data Conclusion

Rosette k‐sampling with a model‐based reconstruction offers a clinically useful motion‐robust T2* mapping approach for iron quantification. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2020;52:1688–1698.
Encoding electromagnetic transformation laws for dimensional reduction
Authors: Lehmann Marcus Christian , Hadžiefendić Mirsad , Piwonski Albert , Schuhmann Rolf
Published: May 2020

Electromagnetic phenomena are mathematically described by solutions of boundary value problems. For exploiting symmetries of these boundary value problems in a way that is offered by techniques of dimensional reduction, it needs to be justified that the derivative in symmetry direction is constant or even vanishing. A generalized notion of symmetry can be defined with different directions at every point in space, as long as it is possible to exhibit unidirectional symmetry in some coordinate representation. This can be achieved, for example, when the symmetry direction is given by the direct construction out of a unidirectional symmetry via a coordinate transformation which poses a demand on the boundary value problem. Coordinate independent formulations of boundary value problems do exist but turning that theory into practice demands a pedantic process of backtranslation to the computational notions. This becomes even more challenging when multiple chained transformations are necessary for propagating a symmetry. We try to fill this gap and present the more general, isolated problems of that translation. Within this contribution, the partial derivative and the corresponding chain rule for multivariate calculus are investigated with respect to their encodability in computational terms. We target the layer above univariate calculus, but below tensor calculus.
A 14‐Gb/s dual‐mode receiver with MIPI D‐PHY and C‐PHY interfaces for mobile display drivers
Authors: Kim Tae‐Jin , Hwang Jong‐Il , Lee Sangkyu , Chun Sengsub , Ryu Seong‐Young , Lee Soo‐Joo , Cho Hyunwoo , Tak Wonho , Kim Yong‐Jae , Lee Hoomin , Pae Hansu , Lim Hyun‐Wook , Lee Jae‐Youl
Published: May 2020

This paper presents a 14‐Gb/s dual‐mode receiver with MIPI D‐PHY and C‐PHY interfaces for mobile display drivers. To reduce size overhead from the dual‐mode interfaces, we propose the termination circuit that shares 50‐Ω terminations and common‐mode capacitors while maintaining a perfectly matched load balance. The proposed dual‐mode receiver can support 14‐Gb/s total bandwidth in each interface mode, resulting in broad compatibility with application processors. A mobile display driver using the proposed dual‐mode receiver is fabricated in a 28‐nm high‐voltage CMOS process and verified up to 3.5 Gb/s per lane in the D‐PHY mode and 2.2 Gs/s per trio in the C‐PHY.
Systematic evaluation and optimization of high‐performance liquid chromatography separation of polyoxins
Authors: Li Zhidong , Fu Qing , Li Shiliang , Jin Yu , Liang Xinmiao
Published: May 2020

The chromatographic behavior of a kind of nucleoside peptides, polyoxins, was investigated in this study. Molecular simulation technique was used to elucidate the temperature‐dependent peak sharpening of polyoxins. There was a relatively small energy barrier between the global minimum conformer and the local minimum conformer of polyoxin A and the high temperature helped to quickly cross the energy barrier and accelerate the conformational transformation for getting the global minimum, so that stationary phase could not identify these two conformations and presented a sharp peak. Two kinds of mixed‐mode columns, strong cation exchange or strong anion exchange ligands bonded with C18 (C18SCX and C18SAX) were used to improve separation selectivity of four polyoxins (A, K, F, H). The electrostatic attraction was necessary to increase the retention to ensure that the alkyl chain can give better play to its hydrophobic effect. Therefore, four polyoxins were well separated on C18SCX at pH 2 and they were also well separated on C18SAX at pH 7. In the small‐scale purification of polyoxins, the sample loading of the C18SCX was five times than that of the C18SAX and the purity of the collected four polyoxins was all over 90%.
Evaluating equity in scholarly publishing
Authors: Taylor Simone , Spilka Susan , Monahan Kristen , Mulhern Isabel , Wachter Jeri
Published: May 2020

The Workplace Equity Project (WE) conducted a global survey in 2018 to map the parameters that define the scholarly publishing landscape, understand the drivers for change, and recommend solutions for delivering improved outcomes. Results find that there are imbalances in diversity inherent in the workforce (96% with a Bachelor's degree or higher, 76% female, 83% heterosexual, 81% White, and 89% report no disabilities) and that outcomes diverge for respondents based on their gender and ethnicity, highlighting distinct inequities in the workplace. The leadership profile is more male (33% vs. 21%), and more White (91% vs. 81%) than the sample as a whole. Moreover, those respondents with characteristics more reflective of the leadership profile are more likely to report that they believe they are fairly compensated, recognized by the leadership, and have fair opportunities for advancement. The article recommends improvements to current practice in recruitment, sponsorship and advocacy, and staff retention to drive change towards creating a more equitable, inclusive workforce.

Key points

Senior leaders in scholarly publishing are more likely to be older, White males with master's degrees.

The chances of attaining a senior position in scholarly publishing are higher for White males with no tertiary‐level qualifications than for Black females with postgraduate degrees.

Most demographic groups (with the exception of the Black cohort) recognize their own challenges but are blind to the bias experienced by other groups.

Direct line management practice defines individual experience irrespective of organizational policy.

White and Asian males are more likely to be satisfied with career prospects and rewards than other groups.

White women are more likely to be satisfied with their current positions than other groups.

Job satisfaction in scholarly publishing varies according to ethnicity and gender, and companies have a duty to be more inclusive and diverse in their employment.
Interactions between sediment microbial ecology and physical dynamics drive heterogeneity in contextually similar depositional systems
Authors: Hope J. A. , Malarkey J. , Baas J. H. , Peakall J. , Parsons D. R. , Manning A. J. , Bass S. J. , Lichtman I. D. , Thorne P. D. , Ye L. , Paterson D. M.
Published: May 2020

This study focuses on the interactions between sediment stability and biological and physical variables that influence the erodibility across different habitats. Sampling at short‐term temporal scales illustrated the persistence of the microphytobenthos (MPB) biomass even during periods of frequent, high physical disturbance. The role of MPB in biological stabilization along the changing sedimentary habitat was also assessed. Key biological and physical properties, such as the MPB biomass, composition, and extracellular polymeric substances, were used to predict the sediment stability (erosion threshold) of muddy and sandy habitats within close proximity to one another over multiple days, and within emersion periods. The effects of dewatering, MPB growth, and productivity were examined as well as the resilience and recovery of the MPB community after disturbance from tidal currents and waves. Canonical analysis of principal components (CAP) ordinations were used to visualize and assess the trends observed in biophysical properties between the sites, and marginal and sequential distance‐based linear models were used to identify the key properties influencing erodibility. While the particle size of the bed was important for differences between sites in the CAP analysis, it contributed less to the variability in sediment erodibility than key biological parameters. Among the biological predictors, MPB diversity explained very little variation in marginal tests but was a significant predictor in sequential tests when MPB biomass was also considered. MPB diversity and biomass were both key predictors of sediment stability, contributing 9% and 10%, respectively, to the final model compared to 2% explained by grain size.
Infrared Laser Effect on Healthy and Ossified Costal Cartilage: The Development of Stable Load‐Bearing Autoimplants
Authors: Alexandrovskaya Yulia M. , Baum Olga I. , Yuzhakov Alexey V. , Svistushkin Valery M. , Buzmakov Alexey V. , Krivonosov Yuriy S. , Roshchin Boris S. , Zolotov Denis A.
Published: May 2020

Background and Objective

The laser‐induced stress relaxation provides new prospects to obtain stable long fragments of costal cartilage for autoimplantation avoiding the risk of spontaneous deformation and poor engraftment. However, the age‐related alterations of cartilage may sufficiently influence its interaction with infrared (IR) laser radiation and disrupt the effectiveness and safety of the technique. The aim of the work is to study the influence of the structural quality of costal cartilage on its interaction with IR laser and efficiency of obtaining of curved implants for trachea surgery.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

Healthy costal cartilage was taken from pigs and human. Ossified costal cartilage was taken from humans of age 65 ± 7. The cartilage slices with a mean thickness of 3 mm were mechanically curved and processed to stress relaxation by laser irradiation with the wavelength 1.56 µm. The structure and mineral content were studied by X‐ray microtomography and element analysis. The optical measurements included the study of the propagation of IR radiation, speckle interferometry, and IR radiometry.

Results

The aged cartilage demonstrates a high level of heterogeneity in structure and properties and decreased water content. The presence of dense inclusions consisting of amorphous calcined volumes makes the tissue more fragile and less elastic. The IR radiation propagation intensity for aged cartilage is at least twice higher than that for healthy cartilage. The thermal‐induced motion of scatterers in aged cartilage is slower. X‐ray microtomography showed the cartilage‐like and the bone‐like structures within the ossified samples.

Conclusions

The main challenge for laser reshaping of aged cartilage is the presence of ossifications. However, the new stable curvature can be obtained with adjustment of laser power. To obtain the satisfying stable curvature of an implant the ossified volumes should be avoided The laser‐induced stress‐relaxation mechanism for aged cartilage can be particularly different from that of healthy tissue and the optimal laser regimes should be specified. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Actions to Promote and Achieve Climate-Ready Fisheries: Summary of Current Practice
Authors: Bell Richard J. , Odell Jay , Kirchner Gway , Lomonico Serena
Published: May 2020

Climate change impacts to ocean ecosystems are altering the distribution and abundance of fish populations and impacting the people whose health, well-being, and livelihoods depend on them. Thousands of published papers make it very clear that fish are on the move, alterations in productivity are occurring, and natural and human ecosystems are responding to climate variability and change. Across the globe, numerous high-level strategies have been developed to provide guidance for managing fisheries in the face of climate change, but specific examples of implementation and actionable decision making in real-world situations to address climate change impacts are generally lacking. Here we present a review of tangible actions that have been undertaken to reduce, mitigate, and confront climate change impacts to fisheries at a range of levels from individual choice to federal governance. Actions fall into seven general categories covering conservation of natural marine resources, emerging fisheries, reference points, future planning, integrated monitoring and management, and increasing adaptive capacity across all levels. We found that diverse fishery actors around the globe, including managers, scientists, and industry, are taking actions to address climate impacts, but given the scale of the problem there are relatively few intentional, well-documented examples of tactical responses.
Genetic and clinical characterization of mainland Chinese patients with sialidosis type 1
Authors: Han Xiaoxu , Wu Shijing , Wang Min , Li Hui , Huang Yan , Sui Ruifang
Published: May 2020

Background

Sialidosis type 1 is a rare inherited disorder with a high disability. No genetically confirmed mainland Chinese patient with sialidosis type 1 has been reported. This study evaluated the phenotypes and genotypes of mainland Chinese patients with sialidosis type 1.

Methods

It was a retrospective case series study. Four unrelated patients were enrolled. Comprehensive clinical evaluations and molecular genetic analysis of the NEU1 gene were performed.

Results

Three out of four patients presented progressive myoclonus epilepsy. The best‐corrected visual acuity ranged from 20/2000 to 20/25. Punctate cataracts were found in all of the patients. Distinct macular cherry red spots were observed in three patients by fundoscopy, and a relatively normal fundus was revealed in one patient. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed increased reflectivity of the nerve fiber and ganglion cell layers, and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) revealed hyperautofluorescent areas surrounding the fovea in all of the patients. Only superficial retinal vessels can be observed using OCT angiography; the deeper capillary plexus could not be observed. Visual evoked potential revealed varying degrees of decreased amplitude and/or prolonged latency of P100 or P2 waves. The most frequent sequence variant identified was c.544A>G (p.S182G) (NM_000434.3).

Conclusions

Our study first described the ophthalmic and neurologic characteristics of a small cohort of unrelated mainland Chinese patients with sialidosis type 1. We found that c.544A>G (p. S182G) might be a hotspot variant in Chinese patients. The accumulation of metabolic products in the nerve fiber and ganglion cell layers is a characteristic ocular finding that could be sensitively detected by OCT and FAF imaging.
Develop Boltzmann equation to simulate non‐Newtonian magneto‐hydrodynamic nanofluid flow using power law magnetic Reynolds number
Authors: Nguyen Quyen , Jamali Ghahderijani Mehdi , Bahrami Mehrdad , Ahangar Ehsan Kamali , D'Orazio Annunziata , Bach Quang‐Vu , Karimipour Arash
Published: May 2020

The single relaxation D2Q9 lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is run in the current research beside the generalized power law model for simulation of non‐Newtonian magneto‐hydrodynamics (MHD) laminar flow field inside a channel with local symmetric constriction. Analytical results of non‐Newtonian fluid flow in a channel without magnetic field, as well as Newtonian fluid flow at various Hartmann No., are used to validate the numerical model. Then, fluid flow simulation is performed for non‐Newtonian fluid with different power law index at various Hartmann No. (Ha) whereas Reynolds No. are set to be constant in all cases. The present non‐Newtonian fluid can be achieved by adding various nanoparticles such as MWCNT to the base fluid. To explore the effect of magnetic Reynolds No. (Rem), the fluid flows with different magnetic resistivity are also simulated. Results show that the separation can be controlled by a magnetic field with the penalty of larger friction coefficient and pressure loss along the channel length. In fact, for a specifiedRem, the higher theHa, the larger the pressure loss. It is also observed that the pressure loss is larger for fluids flow with higher power law index and lowerRem.
Fibromyalgia Self‐Management: Mapping the behaviour change techniques used in a practice‐based programme
Authors: Pearson Jennifer , Whale Katie , Walsh Nicola E , Derham Sandi , Russell Julie , Cramp Fiona
Published: May 2020

Background

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a complex long‐term condition associated with pain, fatigue and concentration difficulties. There is limited robust evidence for the effectiveness of pharmacological treatments for FM, with current guidelines recommending nonpharmacological interventions. The clinically developed Fibromyalgia Self‐Management Programme (FSMP) is a nonpharmacological, multidisciplinary education group intervention. The FSMP aims to provide condition‐specific, patient‐centred education and exercise advice, supporting the development of core self‐management skills. This research aimed to map the FSMP to a recommended behaviour change taxonomy (BCT).

Methods

Non‐participatory observations of the 4‐ and 6‐week FSMP were conducted. Detailed notes on the content of the course, therapist delivery and any additional content not included in the manual were recorded. Subsequently, semistructured interviews were conducted with both therapists (n = 4) and patients (n = 9). Observation and a review of the FSMP manual data were deductively coded to the BCT. Interview data were added to the framework.

Results

The review of the FSMP manual and observations of the course showed that the programme coded onto 12 of the 16 BCT domains, encompassing 22 behaviour change techniques. Both patient and therapist interviews indicated that patients made positive changes, including increased activity levels, pacing, better quality sleep and improved communication with family members. Patients reported improvements to symptoms as a result of attending the course.

Conclusions

The FSMP utilises a range of behaviour change techniques. Patients who attend the course feel supported to make changes to their behaviour, enabling them to manage their symptoms more effectively.
A second‐order face‐centred finite volume method on general meshes with automatic mesh adaptation
Authors: Giacomini Matteo , Sevilla Ruben
Published: May 2020

A second‐order face‐centred finite volume strategy on general meshes is proposed. The method uses a mixed formulation in which a constant approximation of the unknown is computed on the faces of the mesh. Such information is then used to solve a set of problems, independent cell‐by‐cell, to retrieve the local values of the solution and its gradient. The main novelty of this approach is the introduction of a new basis function, utilised for the linear approximation of the primal variable in each cell. Contrary to the commonly used nodal basis, the proposed basis is suitable for computations on general meshes, including meshes with different cell types. The resulting approach provides second‐order accuracy for the solution and first‐order for its gradient, without the need of reconstruction procedures, is robust in the incompressible limit and insensitive to cell distortion and stretching. The second‐order accuracy of the solution is exploited to devise an automatic mesh adaptivity strategy. An efficient error indicator is obtained from the computation of one extra local problem, independent cell‐by‐cell, and is used to drive mesh adaptivity. Numerical examples illustrating the approximation properties of the method and of the mesh adaptivity procedure are presented. The potential of the proposed method with automatic mesh adaptation is demonstrated in the context of microfluidics.
Probabilistic learning and updating of a digital twin for composite material systems
Authors: Ghanem Roger , Soize Christian , Mehrez Loujaine , Aitharaju Venkat
Published: May 2020

This article presents an approach for characterizing and estimating statistical dependence between a large number of observables in a composite material system. Conditional regression is carried out using the estimated joint density function, permitting a systematic exploration of interdependence between fine scale and coarse observables that can be used for both prognosis and design of complex material systems. An example demonstrates the integration of experimental data with a computational database. The statistical approach is based on the probabilistic learning on manifolds recently developed by the authors. This approach leverages intrinsic structure detected through diffusion on graphs with projected stochastic differential equations to generate samples constrained to that structure.
Error estimation and mesh adaptivity for the virtual element method based on recovery by compatibility in patches
Authors: D'Altri Antonio Maria , de Miranda Stefano , Patruno Luca , Artioli Edoardo , Lovadina Carlo
Published: May 2020

In this article, a recovery by compatibility in patches (RCP)‐based a posteriori error estimator is proposed for the virtual element method (VEM), and it is utilized to drive adaptive mesh refinement processes in two‐dimensional elasticity problems. In RCP, recovered stresses are obtained by minimizing the complementary energy of patches of elements over a set of assumed equilibrated stress modes. To this aim, the explicit knowledge of displacements is only needed along the patch boundaries and no knowledge of superconvergent points is required, so making the RCP naturally suitable for the VEM. The a posteriori error estimation is conducted by comparing the stress field of a standard displacement‐based VEM solution and the stress field obtained through RCP. The procedure is simple, and it does not require ad hoc modifications for small patches. The capability of this RCP‐based error estimator to drive adaptive mesh refinements is successfully demonstrated through various numerical examples.
Factors associated with high‐dose antipsychotic prescriptions in outpatients with schizophrenia: An analysis of claims data from a Japanese prefecture
Authors: Takahashi Tatsuichiro , Otsubo Tetsuya , Kunisawa Susumu , Sasaki Noriko , Imanaka Yuichi
Published: May 2020

Background

Antipsychotics are commonly prescribed in high doses in combination with multiple psychotropic drugs. This study focused on the high‐dose antipsychotic prescriptions in patients with schizophrenia, while aiming to identify their associations with patients’ characteristics and concurrent psychotropic prescriptions.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study used claims data from a prefecture in Japan, between October 2014 and March 2015, to investigate antipsychotic prescriptions in adult outpatients with schizophrenia. The objective variable was the presence/absence of a high‐dose prescription. The explanatory variables included sex, age (category), presence of comorbid conditions, and the use of psychiatrist's therapy.

Results

After exclusion, a total of 13 471 patients with schizophrenia were analyzed. The frequency of high‐dose prescriptions was higher in men, with chlorpromazine‐equivalent values highest in the age ranges of 45‐54 and 35‐44 years for men and women, respectively. Patients aged below 65 years with cerebrovascular diseases showed a decrease in high‐dose prescriptions. There was a high frequency of polypharmacy psychotropic drug use in combination with a high‐dose antipsychotic prescription in patients aged below 65 years.

Conclusion

High‐dose antipsychotics are often used in combination with several psychotropic agents in patients with schizophrenia. Our findings emphasize the need to evaluate the prescribing behavior of physicians to avoid high‐dose antipsychotic prescriptions for improved patient care.