bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inclusive pedagogies in digital post‐Covid‐19 higher education
Authors: Liasidou Anastasia
Published: October 2022

The Covid‐19 pandemic has not only led to medical conundrums and uncharted scientific territories but has also engendered new educational challenges and opportunities that need to be considered in order to reconceptualise, recalibrate and reconfigure higher education in terms of its inclusive foundations and orientations. While current research has highlighted the role of digital teaching methodologies in creating the ‘new normal’ in higher education in the post‐Covid‐19 era, the ‘new normal’ must be concomitantly envisaged in terms of the role of higher education in fostering more inclusive e‐learning spaces. This article discusses the ways in which the tenets of an inclusive pedagogical discourse can be conceptualized and enacted in virtual learning environments in terms of teaching methodologies, learner‐centred content delivery and formative assessment implementation. The pedagogical triptych should be underpinned by an inclusive and equity‐based ‘cyberculture’ that constitutes a sine qua non element in developing all students' sense of belonging and learning in higher education.
A cost‐effective method to passively sample communities at the forest canopy–aerosphere interface
Authors: Cunningham‐Minnick Michael J. , Roberts H. Patrick , Kane Brian , Milam Joan , King David I.
Published: October 2022

The ecology of the canopy–aerosphere interface within forested ecosystems remains underexplored largely due to the challenges of physically accessing this zone. Sky bridges, towers and other permanent structures are most commonly used to sample the forest canopy–aerosphere interface, but these methods are costly, challenging to replicate, and often alter and degrade the local environment during construction. Thus, there is a clear need for cost‐effective and replicable methods for accessing and passively sampling above the forest canopy.

We designed and deployed an inexpensive and lightweight telescopic hanger composed of common materials to sample aerial invertebrates above the forest canopy. Deployment involved climbing into tree crowns and securing our hanger design to vertical branches. We sampled the invertebrate community above forest fragments on the campus of the University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA by suspending blue vane traps from hangers, which were extended to approximately 1 m above the highest terminal bud of the tree, continuously from April through August 2021. We also recorded the microclimate conditions above the canopy at each hanger, including temperature and light intensity.

All hangers and traps remained in place and active throughout the study period. In May, we made minor repairs at two locations where the hangers were attached to the trees and, following an intense weather event in July, observed damage to one hanger that did not affect sampling effort. We include cost breakdowns of design components as well as detailed building instructions.

This tool offers a durable and inexpensive solution for researchers to access and sample the forest canopy–aerosphere interface that has minimal impacts on the environment and is more easily replicated compared to previous methods. Assembly pitfalls and design alterations are discussed based on our experience with the installation and implementation of the tested design, as well as included prototypes.
Pedicled Superficial Circumflex Iliac Artery Perforator (SCIP) flap for perineo‐scrotal reconstruction following Fournier's gangrene
Authors: B Sandeep , Khanna Anmol , Taylor Duncan
Published: October 2022

Background

Fournier's gangrene is a form of necrotising fasciitis involving perineo‐scrotal skin. It is treated with radical debridement, infection control and often leaves a large anatomical defect that is challenging to reconstruct. The anatomical location of the defect leads to faecal contamination, difficulties when mobilizing, and negative psychological impact. Traditional approaches for managing such defects have relied on either healing by secondary intention or skin grafting. There are few reported cases in the literature to cover such defects with a flap.

Methods

Pedicled Superficial Circumflex Iliac Artery Perforator (SCIP) flap reconstruction was performed in three patients who had perineo‐scrotal defects following debridement for Fournier's gangrene.

Results

All flaps survived with no significant postoperative complications and good functional and aesthetic outcomes were achieved. The mean age of patient was 52 years and the largest defect measured 22 × 10 cm.

Conclusion

The reconstruction of perineo‐scrotal defects is difficult despite a range of reconstructive options. The pedicled SCIP flap offers many advantages over standard techniques. This flap is thin, pliable, and has a consistent anatomy. With continued experience, we feel that this flap could be considered the gold standard of treatment for such defects.
Atypical clinical manifestation and protracted latency are observed in the emerging variant of checkpoint inhibitor-associated bullous pemphigoid
Authors: Kridin Khalaf , Hammers Christoph M.
Published: October 2022

Linked Article:  Kawsar et al. Br J Dermatol 2022; 187:981–987.
Indwelling stents cause obstruction and induce ureteral injury and fibrosis in a porcine model
Authors: Scotland Kymora B. , Almutairi Khaled , Park Elliya , Wang Lu , Kung Sonia H.Y. , Haegert Anne , Adomat Hans , Bell Robert , LeBihan Stephane , Chew Ben H. , Lange Dirk
Published: October 2022

Objectives

To investigate global changes in ureters at the transcriptional, translational and functional levels, both while stents are indwelling and after removal and recovery, and to study the effects of targeting pathways that play a potential role.

Methods

Pig ureters were stented for varying amounts of time (48 h, 72 h, 14 days) and the impact on peristalsis, dilatation and hydronephrosis were assessed. RNAseq, proteomic, histological and smooth muscle (SM) function analyses were performed on ureteric and kidney tissues to assess changes induced by stenting and recovery. Pathway analysis was performed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software. To study the impact of possible interventions, the effects of erythropoeitin (EPO) and a Gli1 inhibitor were assessed.

Results

Stenting triggers massive ureteric dilatation, aperistalsis and moderate hydronephrosis within 48 h. Pathways associated with obstruction, fibrosis and kidney injury were upregulated by stenting. Increased expression of GLI1, clusterin‐α (a kidney injury marker) and collagen 4A2 (a fibrosis marker) was found in stented vs contralateral unstented ureters. EPO did not improve peristalsis or contraction force but did decrease non‐purposeful spasming seen exclusively in stented ureters. Tamsulosin administration increased contractility but not rate of peristalsis in stented ureters.

Conclusions

Ureters respond to stents similarly to how they respond to an obstruction, that is, with activation of pathways associated with hydronephrosis, fibrosis and kidney injury. This is driven by significant dilatation and associated ureteric SM dysfunction. EPO and tamsulosin induced mild favourable changes in SM physiology, suggesting that targeting specific pathways has potential to address stent‐induced complications.
Japan MG registry: Chronological surveys over 10 years
Authors: Suzuki Shigeaki , Masuda Masayuki , Uzawa Akiyuki , Nagane Yuriko , Konno Shingo , Suzuki Yasushi , Kubota Tomoya , Sugimoto Takamichi , Samukawa Makoto , Watanabe Genya , Ishizuchi Kei , Akamine Hiroyuki , Onishi Yosuke , Yoshizumi Kazuki , Uchi Takafumi , Amino Itaru , Ueta Yuki , Minami Naoya , Kawaguchi Naoki , Kimura Takashi , Takahashi Masanori P. , Murai Hiroyuki , Utsugisawa Kimiaki
Published: October 2022

The primary purpose of the Japanese myasthenia gravis registry (JAMG‐R) has been to research and promote high‐quality medical care for MG patients in Japan. We reviewed the findings of surveys performed by JAMG‐R over an ~10‐y period. The first goal for favorable quality of life (QOL) is a status of minimal manifestations (MM) or better with an oral prednisolone (PSL) dose of 5 mg/d or less (MM‐5 mg). Early and aggressive use of nonoral fast‐acting treatment together with low‐dose oral PSL (the “EFT strategy”) is recommended to reduce disease severity with minimal oral steroid use so that the MM‐5 mg target can be met as soon as possible. We conducted the fourth largest multicenter survey ever in 2021, obtaining detailed clinical information from 1710 consecutive MG patients all over Japan, and compared the 2021 surveys with those from 2012 and 2015. The frequency of patients treated with EFT strategies showed a gradual increase, reaching 39% of the total MG patients in the 2021 survey. The current and maximum dose of PSL and the number of days at high‐dose (>20 mg/d) PSL showed decreases. Survey results indicate that as EFT strategies have spread, the percentage of patients on MM‐5 mg has increased. We again confirmed that MM‐5 mg was associated with favorable QOL in the 2021 survey. Recent data regarding COVID‐19 suggests that it did not seriously impact the MG population in Japan; unfortunately, refractory MG, observed in 21% of patients, is still an unresolved problem.
Does preoperative weight loss in a specialist medical weight management centre influence postoperative weight loss after bariatric surgery?
Authors: Slater Christopher , Santhosh Smrithi H. , Ellison Jodi , Majeed Waseem , Summers Lucinda K. M. , Senapati Siba , Akhtar Khurshid , Ammori Basil J. , New John P. , Syed Akheel A.
Published: October 2022

Weight loss of 5%–10% is advised in medical weight management (MWM) programmes prior to bariatric surgery but it remains to be established whether it influences postoperative weight loss outcomes. We studied postoperative percent total weight loss (%TWL) in 168 patients categorized by preoperative referral weight loss <5% or ≥5% in a UK NHS bariatric centre. Eighty‐six (51.2%) patients achieved sustained referral weight loss <5% (Group A) and 82 (48.8%) ≥5% (Group B). Overall postoperative %TWL in Group A compared with Group B was 30.0% versus 28.3% (p = .30) at 12 months and 32.5% versus 29.6% (p = .20) at 24 months. There were no significant differences in postoperative %TWL at 12 and 24 months when categorized by procedure (gastric bypass, n = 106; or sleeve gastrectomy, n = 62), age or sex. Preoperative weight loss during intensive specialist MWM did not influence postoperative weight loss up to 24 months with gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy.
Artificial intelligence in pharmacology research and practice
Authors: van der Lee Maaike , Swen Jesse J.
Published: October 2022

In recent years, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in health care has risen steadily, including a wide range of applications in the field of pharmacology. AI is now used throughout the entire continuum of pharmacology research and clinical practice and from early drug discovery to real‐world datamining. The types of AI models used range from unsupervised clustering of drugs or patients aimed at identifying potential drug compounds or suitable patient populations, to supervised machine learning approaches to improve therapeutic drug monitoring. Additionally, natural language processing is increasingly used to mine electronic health records to obtain real‐world data. In this mini‐review, we discuss the basics of AI followed by an outline of its application in pharmacology research and clinical practice.
Interventional cytopathologist can successfully combine ultrasonographical and microscopic skills to narrow the differential diagnosis in fine needle aspiration of neck paraganglioma
Authors: Carillo Anna Maria , Franca Raduan Ahmed , Modica Roberta , De Caro Marialaura Del Basso , Pisapia Pasquale , Vigliar Elena , Troncone Giancarlo , Bellevicine Claudio
Published: October 2022

The interventional cytopathologist can successfully refine the differential diagnosis of a neck mass by combining ultrasonographical and morphological skills as shown in this case of head and neck paraganglioma, which was suspected thanks to ultrasound features and rapid‐on site evaluation and further confirmed by immunocytochemistry on cell block and by the subsequent histologic evaluation.
Mentalizing in first‐episode psychosis: Correlates with symptomatology and traits of borderline personality disorder
Authors: Archer Michaela , Shnyien Ali , Mansfield Sarah , Draycott Simon
Published: October 2022

Aim

To explore the associations between mentalizing, positive and negative symptoms of psychosis, and traits of borderline personality disorder, in a sample of patients with first‐episode psychosis, and in a non‐clinical sample.

Methods

A quantitative cross‐sectional design was employed. Thirty‐two adults with first‐episode psychosis and 148 non‐clinical participants were assessed using the reflective functioning questionnaire. The questionnaire measures two dimensions of mentalizing, certainty and uncertainty about mental states. Traits of borderline personality disorder and symptoms of psychosis were measured using the self‐report version of the Zanarini rating scale, the Community Assessment of Psychotic Experiences, and the Green et al., paranoid thought scale.

Results

Patients with first‐episode psychosis reported increased mentalizing impairments, characterized as hypomentalizing tendencies, compared to the non‐clinical group. Regression analysis showed significant associations between higher scores on the uncertainty about mental states scale and negative symptoms of psychosis in both groups. No associations were found between mentalizing impairments and traits of borderline personality disorder in the clinical sample, although associations were found in the non‐clinical sample.

Conclusions

The present findings suggests that impairments in mentalizing may be associated with negative symptoms of psychosis across both clinical and non‐clinical samples. Mentalizing impairments was found to be associated with traits of borderline personality disorder, but this finding was only confirmed in the non‐clinical sample. Mentalizing should therefore be considered in the early assessment and treatment of patients experiencing difficulties with negative symptoms of psychosis.
Towards a heuristic understanding of the storage effect
Authors: Johnson Evan C. , Hastings Alan
Published: October 2022

The storage effect is a general explanation for coexistence in a variable environment. Unfortunately, the storage effect is poorly understood, in part because the generality of the storage effect precludes an interpretation that is simultaneously simple, intuitive and correct. Here, we explicate the storage effect by dividing one of its key conditions—covariance between environment and competition—into two pieces, namely that there must be a strong causal relationship between environment and competition, and that the effects of the environment do not change too quickly. This finer‐grained definition can explain a number of previous results, including (1) that the storage effect promotes annual plant coexistence when the germination rate fluctuates, but not when the seed yield fluctuates, (2) that the storage effect is more likely to be induced by resource competition than the apparent competition, and (3) why the storage effect arises readily in models with either stage structure or environmental autocorrelation. Additionally, our expanded definition suggests two novel mechanisms by which the temporal storage effect can arise—transgenerational plasticity and causal chains of environmental variables—thus suggesting that the storage effect is a more common phenomenon than previously thought.
Fatigue failure modes of rib‐to‐deck joints under the multiaxial stress states caused by various wheel loading characteristics
Authors: Zhu Yiyao , Deng Caiyan , Gong Baoming , Li Siyuan , Guo Baichen , Wang Dongpo , Liang Hang
Published: October 2022

Orthotropic steel bridge decks (OSBDs) are characterized by overall structural asymmetries and severe local stress concentrations; meanwhile, complicated service loadings always cause relevant rib‐to‐3deck (RD) welded joints in multiaxial stress states. Under such circumstances, a full‐scale OSBD model was established. Six loading cases were applied, and the multiaxial fatigue deviation was calculated to represent the multiaxial stress state of the bridge deck. Based on the effective traction structural stress method, the most unfavorable loading case for the failure mode of the RD joint under a multiaxial stress state was analyzed, and the failure mode transition in the process of wheel load movement was discussed. The results indicated that the fatigue failure mode of the RD joint was determined by the transverse loading locations. In‐between‐rib loading can cause the initiation of toe‐rib cracks. Cracks are prone to occur under over‐rib loading and riding‐rib loading, and the arrangement of diaphragms can increase the risk that the fatigue crack originates from the weld root.
Experimental and theoretical investigation on mechanical behaviors of TB991 weld sealant under cyclic loading
Authors: Zhang Jun , Zhang Meng Jie , Zhang Xin , Wang Zhuang Zhuang
Published: October 2022

The mechanical behaviors of TB991 weld sealant under cyclic loading conditions were experimentally investigated. The evolution of relaxation stress, cyclic softening, and dissipated energy was evaluated with the effect of strain amplitude and mean strain. The experimental results showed that the stress–strain response curves of the first loading‐unloading and cyclic loading‐unloading were significantly different. The phenomenon of stress relaxation and cyclic softening occurred under cyclic strain loading conditions. Furthermore, the relaxation stress and dissipated energy decreased rapidly during the initial cyclic loading and then steadily decreased with the increase of cycle number, while the cyclic softening increased rapidly at first and then steadily. Besides, a viscoelastic constitutive model was proposed which can describe the different shapes of stress–strain curve between the initial loading‐unloading and the cyclic loading‐unloading and also considers the cyclic stress relaxation and cyclic softening of the materials under cyclic loading condition. Comparisons between the numerical results and the experimental data demonstrated that the proposed model can better describe the mechanical behavior of TB991 weld sealant under cyclic loading conditions.
Moderate salinity improves the availability of soil P by regulating P‐cycling microbial communities in coastal wetlands
Authors: Hu Minjie , Le Yixun , Sardans Jordi , Yan Ruibing , Zhong Yi , Sun Dongyao , Tong Chuan , Peñuelas Josep
Published: October 2022

Accelerated sea‐level rise is expected to cause the salinization of freshwater wetlands, but the responses to salinity of the availability of soil phosphorus (P) and of microbial genes involved in the cycling of P remain unexplored. We conducted a field experiment to investigate the effects of salinity on P cycling by soil microbial communities and their regulatory roles on P availability in coastal freshwater and brackish wetlands. Salinity was positively correlated with P availability, with higher concentrations of labile P but lower concentrations of moderately labile P in the brackish wetland. The diversity and richness of microbial communities involved in P cycling were higher in the brackish wetland than the freshwater wetland. Salinity substantially altered the composition of the P‐cycling microbial community, in which those of the brackish wetland were separated from those of the freshwater wetland. Metagenomic sequence analysis indicated that functional genes involved in the solubilization of inorganic P and the subsequent transport and regulation of P were more abundant in coastal soils. The relative abundances of most of the target genes differed between the wetlands, with higher abundances of P‐solubilization (gcd and ppa) and ‐mineralization (phoD, phy, and ugpQ) genes and lower abundances of P‐transport genes (pstB, ugpA, ugpB, ugpE, and pit) in the brackish wetland. A significant positive correlation between the concentration of labile P and the abundances of the target genes suggested that salinity may, at least in part, improve P availability by regulating the P‐cycling microbial community. Our results suggest that the P‐cycling microbial community abundance and P availability respond positively to moderate increases in salinity by promoting the microbial solubilization and mineralization of soil P. Changes in microbial communities and microbially mediated P cycling may represent microbial strategies to adapt to moderate salinity levels, which in turn control soil function and nutrient balance.
Unbiased prediction of off‐target sites in genome‐edited rice using SITE‐Seq analysis on a web‐based platform
Authors: Narushima Jumpei , Kimata Shinya , Shiwa Yuh , Gondo Takahiro , Akimoto Satoshi , Soga Keisuke , Yoshiba Satoko , Nakamura Kosuke , Shibata Norihito , Kondo Kazunari
Published: October 2022

Genome‐editing using the CRISPR‐Cas9 system has the potential to substantially accelerate crop breeding. Since off‐target editing is one of problems, a reliable method for comprehensively detecting off‐target sites is needed. A number of in silico methods based on homology to on‐target sequence have been developed, however the prediction without false negative is still under discussion. In this study, we performed a SITE‐Seq analysis to predict potential off‐target sites. SITE‐Seq analysis is a comprehensive method that can detect double‐strand breaks in vitro. Furthermore, we developed a systematic method using SITE‐Seq in combination with web‐based Galaxy system (Galaxy for Cut Site Detection), which can perform reproducible analyses without command line operations. We conducted a SITE‐Seq analysis of a rice genome targeted by OsFH15 gRNA‐Cas9 as a model, and found 41 candidate off‐target sites in the annotated regions. Detailed amplicon‐sequencing revealed mutations at one off‐target site in actual genome‐edited rice. Since this off‐target site has an uncommon protospacer adjacent motif, it is difficult to predict using in silico methods alone. Therefore, we propose a novel off‐target assessment scheme for genome‐edited crops that combines the prediction of off‐target candidates by SITE‐Seq and in silico programs and the validation of off‐target sites by amplicon‐sequencing.
The interactive dimensions of encounters in HIV care: From trauma to relational traumatic growth
Authors: Catalan Jose , Ridge Damien , Hedge Barbara , Cheshire Anna
Published: October 2022

Introduction

A person‐centred model of care, developed in the early days of the HIV epidemic when there were no effective treatments for HIV, led to relatively close relationships between carers and people living with HIV (PLWH). Our study examines the experiences of carers using a relational framework, exploring the traumas and challenges involved, coping practices instigated by carers and the emergence of ‘relational traumatic growth’ opportunities.

Methods

Twenty‐two UK healthcare workers and charity volunteers working with PLWH from the early years of the epidemic were recruited. Semistructured interviews were used to elicit participants' own stories of working with PLWH, from their initial involvement to the present time, and their reflections on the personal impact of working in the field of HIV. Data were analysed using a thematic approach employing relational categories.

Results

The impact of care was related to the formation of close relationships, identification with PLWH, high numbers of deaths and the difficulties and challenges encountered relationally. Participants described attempts to cope through informal and formal support, as well as endeavours to manage professional boundaries. Various ways of making sense of experiences were described, ranging from denial to abandoning the HIV field, to intense commitment. For some, traumatic experiences lead to validation, a search for personal meaning and managing the sense of loss with an exploration of further ventures, contributing to the achievement of relational traumatic growth.

Conclusion

The intensity of relationships in HIV work, developed through the emotional and practical work of caring for PLWH, led healthcare workers and volunteers to experience a range of psychological consequences, both negative (including distress and emotional exhaustion) and also positive (such as acquiring a sense of purpose).

Patient or Public Contribution

People living with HIV and those working with them were involved in the initial study conceptualization and design. The second and fourth authors of this paper were professionals working in HIV throughout the pandemic and have led on all aspects of the study. People living with HIV and those working with them additionally guided participant selection by suggesting participants and supporting recruitment. Narrative transcripts were checked and amended (if necessary) by participants. Initial findings were presented at the AIDS impact conference, where PLWH and those working with them attended and feedback on important ideas that helped to prioritize and shape the study findings.
The dark side of strengthened minority voting power: An innovation perspective
Authors: Lin Jing , An Yunbi , Dong Zhiyong
Published: October 2022

Based on the 2014 regulatory reforms aimed at strengthening the protection of legitimate rights and interests of minority investors in China, we investigate minority shareholders’ short‐termism and how minority voting impacts firm innovation. We find that the 2014 reforms effectively motivate minority shareholders to attend shareholder meetings and greatly enhance their voting influence. We also find that enhanced minority voting power after the reforms lowers the number of firms’ patent applications, and this effect is more pronounced for the firms that see the greatest increase in shareholder attendance at shareholder meetings. Moreover, enhanced minority voting power boosts executive turnover‐performance sensitivity, thereby undermining firm innovation. Finally, we show that different types of minority shareholders have distinct impacts on firm innovation, depending on their investment horizons. The negative effect of minority voting power is more pronounced for state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) than for non‐SOEs.
Effect of the distillation methods on the chemical properties of the Turmeric essential oil
Authors: Tiwari Ravindra Kumar , Mittal Tarsem Chand , Sharma Sajeev Rattan , Rani Sunita
Published: October 2022

Essential oils are highly concentrated plant extracts produced from flowers, leaves, stems, roots, seeds, barks, resins, or fruits. These oils are commonly used in a wide range of items, including meals, medications, and cosmetics, for their flavor and medicinal or odoriferous characteristics. The aim of this study is to extract and describe the essential oils found in turmeric cubes. As the extraction was completed, the chemical properties of the obtained essential oil were determined. The chemical properties like the specific gravity, refractive index, ester value, acid value saponification values, and color values are 0.0891–0.932, 1.527–1.553, 35.21–38.138 mg KOH/g, 3.594–5.560 mg KOH/g, 32.597 mg KOH/g, and color values are L (32.70–38.90), a (−1 to −5.60), and b (10.6–19.40), respectively.

Novelty impact statement

The essential oil obtained from hydrodistillation contains less impurity as compared to the steam distillation. The hydro‐distilled essential oil has a high chemical quality in terms of commercial value and usages as compared to the steam distillation. But the hydrodistillation system, having the high extraction efficiency and capacity, consumes less energy as compared to the hydrodistillation system.
Novel endoscopic ultrasonography classification for assured vertical resection margin (≥500 μm) in colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Kamigaichi Yuki , Oka Shiro , Tanino Fumiaki , Yamamoto Noriko , Tamari Hirosato , Shimohara Yasutsugu , Nishimura Tomoyuki , Inagaki Katsuaki , Okamoto Yuki , Tanaka Hidenori , Yamashita Ken , Arihiro Koji , Tanaka Shinji
Published: October 2022

Background and Aim

The risk of local recurrence might be low in pT1 colorectal carcinoma with a tumor vertical margin (VM) ≥500 μm. We investigated the relationship between endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) findings and VM in cases with colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) categorized as Type 2B according to the Japan NBI Expert Team (JNET) classification.

Methods

We analyzed 179 JNET Type 2B colorectal tumors resected by ESD at Hiroshima University Hospital from January 2010 to May 2021. The distance from the tumor invasive front to the muscle layer on EUS was defined as the tumor‐free distance (EUS‐TFD) and classified as Type I (EUS‐TFD ≥1 mm) and II (<1 mm). We investigated the relationship between EUS‐TFD and VM and analyzed the predictive factors for VM ≥500 μm.

Results

EUS‐TFD Type I was diagnosed in 133 (74.3%) lesions: VM ≥500 μm (114, 85.7%); VM <500 μm (19, 14.3%); and VM positive (VM1) (0, 0%). Type II was diagnosed in 46 (25.7%) lesions: VM ≥500 μm (14, 30.5%); VM <500 μm (22, 47.8%); and VM1 (10, 21.7%). In the EUS‐TFD Type I cases, 84.5% and 87.8% were protruded and superficial types; whereas for Type II cases, these were 38.9% and 25%, respectively. EUS‐TFD classification (Type I), scope operability (good), submucosal invasion depth (<2000 μm), histology at the deepest invasive portion (favorable), and degree of fibrosis (F0/F1) were significant predictors of VM ≥500 μm.

Conclusions

In JNET Type 2B lesions, EUS‐TFD classification is a novel diagnostic indicator to predict VM ≥500 μm in ESD preoperatively.
Fecal microbiota transplantation for patients with active ulcerative colitis: A cost‐effectiveness analysis
Authors: Yao Jiaqi , Fekadu Ginenus , Ng Siew C , You Joyce H S
Published: October 2022

Background and Aim

Growing studies have demonstrated clinical benefits of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) therapy (administered by colonoscopy, enema, or both) for active ulcerative colitis (UC). This study aimed to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of standard treatment with and without FMT therapy for mild‐to‐moderate active UC from the perspective of US healthcare provider.

Methods

A 10‐year Markov model was developed to evaluate the costs and quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs) of standard treatment plus FMT therapy versus standard treatment alone. Model inputs were retrieved from publish data in literature. Base‐case and sensitivity analyses were performed.

Results

In the base‐case analysis, standard treatment plus FMT therapy was more effective than standard treatment alone (by 0.068 QALYs). Comparing to standard treatment alone, standard treatment plus FMT therapy varied from cost‐saving to incremental cost, subject to the number of FMT administrations. One‐way sensitivity analysis identified the relative risk of achieving remission with FMT therapy to be the most influential factor on the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio of standard treatment plus FMT therapy. Monte‐Carlo simulations showed that standard treatment plus FMT therapy with 3 and 6 administrations per FMT course was cost‐effective (at willingness‐to‐pay threshold = 50 000 USD/QALY) in 90.77% and 67.03% of time, respectively.

Conclusions

Standard treatment plus FMT therapy appears to be more effective in gaining higher QALYs than standard therapy alone for patients with mild‐to‐moderate active UC. Cost‐effectiveness of standard treatment plus FMT therapy is highly subject to the relative improvement in achieving remission with standard therapy plus FMT therapy and number of FMT administrations per FMT course.
A cannabinoid Hairy‐Tale: Hair loss or hair gain?
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Talukder Mesbah
Published: October 2022

Background

Few studies have reported on the use of cannabinoid products to treat hair loss.

Aim

This article aims to reconcile cannabinoids' impact on hair growth.

Method

A comprehensive and structured search was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar on June 23, 2022.

Result

While cannabidiol (CBD), a phytocannabinoid, may cause hair growth, several other phytocannabinoids may lead to hair loss. Additionally, the effect of CBD on hair growth may be concentration‐dependent. CBD may cause hair loss at high concentrations (≥10 μM). Therefore, the concentration of CBD needs to be adjusted so that it is optimal for hair growth.

One trial found that once‐daily application of CBD‐rich topical cannabis extract for 6 months increased nonvellus hair count by approximately 93.5% in 35 Caucasian AGA patients: 28 males aged 28–72 years [average 43 years] and 7 females aged 46–76 years [average 61 years]. Each application contained 3–4 mg of CBD. The CBD‐rich topical cannabis extract was prepared by ultra‐pulverizing Cannabis sativa [hemp] flower into a green chalk‐like powder [10.78% CBD and 0.21% tetrahydrocannabinol] and then infusing the powder into a lanolin paste and Emu oil carrier.

Conclusion

Topical CBD preparations require further studies to establish their safety and efficacy profile. An ideal topical cannabinoid preparation should contain CBD at the right concentration and lack other phytocannabinoid adulterants.
Optimizing parameters of the Pulsed Dye Laser (PDL, 585‐nm) for hemangioma treatment using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy
Authors: Allahdadi Ehsan , Shirkavand Afshan , Mohajerani Ezeddin , Mansouri Parvin , Almasi Ali , Sherafat Somayeh Jahani
Published: October 2022

Introduction

The lack of objectivity options for a specific individualized therapy might cause challenges in laser treatment. In other words, we need optimally determined laser parameters for less side effects. Generally, laser treatment procedures seem to be subjective. Then, the final evaluation of the patient needs for optimized better response with less laser sections and less side effects. Therefore, employing a reliable objective technique seems to be essential for better response with less laser treatment sessions and also less side effects.

Method

In this research, UV–visible diffused reflection spectra from normal skin and a lesion were taken. We obtained the differences in absorption intensity at 575 nm, the wavelength corresponds to the absorption peak of blood oxyhemoglobin for normal skin and hemangioma. To calibrate the measurements, after using pulsed dye laser (PDL at 585 nm), the PDL treatment response of the patients were graded as “good (>50%), moderate(25%–50%), and poor (0%–25%),” by a specialist. Finally, patients were categorized based on the energy of the laser for the best treatment response to propose the recommended laser parameters.

Results

Based on the differences in the absorption peak hemangioma compare with normal skin, the energy density of PDL for a good treatment response of hemangioma was obtained at peak wavelength 575 nm.

Conclusion

The analysis of optical reflection spectroscopy can assess the correlation of absorption peak differences of vascular lesions and normal skin. According to this data, it seems to be effective in optimizing lasers parameters for the hemangioma treatment.
Reconstruction after ablative treatment of arteriovenous malformations of the head and neck
Authors: Chung Ho Yun , O Teresa M. , Tombris Stavros , Meyer Lutz , Waner Milton
Published: October 2022

Arteriovenous malformations are high‐flow congenital vascular malformations that are characterized by abnormal connections between arteries and veins across an abnormal capillary bed. The head and neck region is the most common location for extracranial arteriovenous malformations. Due to their highly invasive, aggressive, and locally destructive nature, arteriovenous malformations are difficult to treat, and management through a multimodal, multidisciplinary approach is recommended. The mainstay of treatment is embolization and surgical excision. With the advent of genetic research, adjuvant targeted medical therapy is starting to play a larger role. Successful surgical treatment with or without embolization requires removal of the nidus. Large, focal, or diffuse lesions involving multiple anatomic areas usually necessitates surgical reconstruction. Free tissue transfer has many advantages over more conservative methods with restoration of function and contour. Herein, the authors describe the surgical treatment and reconstruction in head and neck arteriovenous malformations.
What does the term childhood behavioural disorders mean in the context of Aboriginal culture within Australia? Part 1: ‘Not just using the words’
Authors: Rungan Santuri , Denzil Terry , Daley Deborah , Edwige Vanessa
Published: October 2022

The meaning of childhood behavioural disorders (CBD) shifts in different settings. This article is the 3 first in a series of two that explores this concept and how culture shapes its meaning. This first article 4 is a conversation. A yarn with Aboriginal community leaders about what behavioural problems mean 5 to them. The second article discusses how the concept of CBD originated.
Target formation in muscle fibres indicates reinnervation – A proteomic study in muscle samples from peripheral neuropathies
Authors: Krause Karsten , Eggers Britta , Uszkoreit Julian , Eulitz Stefan , Rehmann Robert , Güttsches Anne K. , Schreiner Anja , van der Ven Peter F. M. , Fürst Dieter O. , Marcus Katrin , Vorgerd Matthias , Kley Rudolf A.
Published: October 2022

Aims

Target skeletal muscle fibres – defined by different concentric areas in oxidative enzyme staining – can occur in patients with neurogenic muscular atrophy. Here, we used our established hypothesis‐free proteomic approach with the aim of deciphering the protein composition of targets. We also searched for potential novel interactions between target proteins.

Methods

Targets and control areas were laser microdissected from skeletal muscle sections of 20 patients with neurogenic muscular atrophy. Samples were analysed by a highly sensitive mass spectrometry approach, enabling relative protein quantification. The results were validated by immunofluorescence studies. Protein interactions were investigated by yeast two‐hybrid assays, coimmunoprecipitation experiments and bimolecular fluorescence complementation.

Results

More than 1000 proteins were identified. Among these, 55 proteins were significantly over‐represented and 40 proteins were significantly under‐represented in targets compared to intraindividual control samples. The majority of over‐represented proteins were associated with the myofibrillar Z‐disc and actin dynamics, followed by myosin and myosin‐associated proteins, proteins involved in protein biosynthesis and chaperones. Under‐represented proteins were mainly mitochondrial proteins. Functional studies revealed that the LIM domain of the over‐represented protein LIMCH1 interacts with isoform A of Xin actin‐binding repeat‐containing protein 1 (XinA).

Conclusions

In particular, proteins involved in myofibrillogenesis are over‐represented in target structures, which indicate an ongoing process of sarcomere assembly and/or remodelling within this specific area of the muscle fibres. We speculate that target structures are the result of reinnervation processes in which filamin C‐associated myofibrillogenesis is tightly regulated by the BAG3‐associated protein quality system.
Reliable Diagnostic Tests and Thresholds for Preoperative Diagnosis of Non‐Inflammatory Arthritis Periprosthetic Joint Infection: A Meta‐analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Tang Haozheng , Xu Jialian , Yuan Wei'en , Wang You , Yue Bing , Qu Xinhua
Published: October 2022

Objective

The current diagnostic criteria for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) are diverse and controversial, leading to delayed diagnosis. This study aimed to evaluate and unify their diagnostic accuracy and the threshold selection of serum and synovial routine tests for PJI at an early stage.

Methods

We searched the MEDLINE and Embase databases for retrospective or prospective studies which reported preoperative‐available assays (serum, synovial, or culture tests) for the diagnosis of chronic PJI among inflammatory arthritis (IA) or non‐IA populations from January 1, 2000 to June 30, 2022. Threshold effective analysis was performed on synovial polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN%), synovial white blood cell (WBC), serum C‐reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) to find the relevant cut‐offs.

Results

Two hundred and sixteen studies and information from 45,316 individuals were included in the final analysis. Synovial laboratory‐based α‐defensin and calprotectin had the best comprehensive sensitivity (0.91 [0.86–0.94], 0.95 [0.88–0.98]) and specificity (0.96 [0.94‐0.97], 0.95 [0.89–0.98]) values. According to the threshold effect analysis, the recommended cut‐offs are 70% (sensitivity 0.89 [0.85–0.92], specificity 0.90 [0.87–0.93]), 4100/μL (sensitivity 0.90 [0.87–0.93], specificity 0.97 [0.93–0.98]), 13.5 mg/L (sensitivity 0.84 [0.78–0.89], specificity 0.83 [0.73–0.89]), and 30 mm/h (sensitivity 0.79 [0.74–0.83], specificity 0.78 [0.72–0.83]) for synovial PMN%, synovial WBC, serum CRP, and ESR, respectively, and tests seem to be more reliable among non‐IA patients.

Conclusions

The laboratory‐based synovial α‐defensin and synovial calprotectin are the two best independent preoperative diagnostic tests for PJI. A cut off of 70% for synovial PMN% and tighter cut‐offs for synovial WBC and serum CRP could have a better diagnostic accuracy for non‐IA patients with chronic PJI.
Environmental interference of plant−microbe interactions
Authors: Bastías Daniel A. , Balestrini Raffaella , Pollmann Stephan , Gundel Pedro E.
Published: October 2022

Environmental stresses can compromise the interactions of plants with beneficial microbes. In the present review, experimental results showing that stresses negatively affect the abundance and/or functionality of plant beneficial microbes are summarized. It is proposed that the environmental interference of these plant−microbe interactions is explained by the stress‐mediated induction of plant signalling pathways associated with defence hormones and reactive oxygen species. These plant responses are recognized to regulate beneficial microbes within plants. The direct negative effect of stresses on microbes may also contribute to the environmental regulation of these plant mutualisms. It is also posited that, in stress situations, beneficial microbes harbour mechanisms that contribute to maintain the mutualistic associations. Beneficial microbes produce effector proteins and increase the antioxidant levels in plants that counteract the detrimental effects of plant stress responses on them. In addition, they deliver specific stress‐protective mechanisms that assist to their plant hosts to mitigate the negative effects of stresses. Our study contributes to understanding how environmental stresses affect plant−microbe interactions and highlights why beneficial microbes can still deliver benefits to plants in stressful environments.
Monkeypox disease in a breastfeeding infant
Authors: Alonso‐Cadenas Jose Antonio , Andina‐Martínez David , García‐García Caridad Jun , Gaitero‐Tristán Jara , García‐Ascaso Marta Taida , Torrelo Antonio
Published: October 2022

A previously healthy breastfed 7‐month‐old infant presented with several papulovesicular lesions, a hyperemic pharynx and a petechial enanthema. His mother had confirmed monkeypox infection with similar skin lesions on the chest wall. Skin‐to‐skin contact is the most likely mode of transmission of monkeypox. Precautions to limit skin contact during activities such as breastfeeding are recommended if suspected skin lesions are present.
Does System Justification Promote Establishment Voting? Mainstream Politics in France, Germany, and the United Kingdom
Authors: Langer Melanie , Vasilopoulos Pavlos , Jost John T.
Published: October 2022

Throughout Europe and North America, mainstream political parties have ceded electoral support to antiestablishment parties from the far left and far right. We investigate the hypothesis that individual differences in system justification—the psychological tendency to defend and justify the overarching social system—would be negatively associated with antiestablishment voting, even among citizens who would otherwise be inclined to support radicalism. In three large, nationally representative surveys conducted in France (N = 14,432), Germany (N = 1,168), and the United Kingdom (N = 2,337), we observed that system justification was positively associated with voting for establishment parties and negatively associated with antiestablishment voting. System justification was associated with reduced support for antiestablishment parties on the right and left—even among respondents who were high on ethnic intolerance, opposition to the European Union, economic distress, and support for income redistribution. Thus, all other things being equal, system‐justification tendencies reinforce political moderation, establishment voting, and therefore social stability.
Explaining variations in enforcement strategy: A comparison of the Swedish health care, eldercare, and compulsory school sector
Authors: Moberg Linda , Fredriksson Mio , Leijon Karin
Published: October 2022

This article analyzes whether, and if so, why, national inspectorates adopt different enforcement strategies when controlling the provision of welfare services, such as health care, eldercare, and the compulsory school. The findings show that the Swedish Schools Inspectorate uses a predominantly strict strategy, while the Health and Social Care Inspectorate relies on a more situational strategy. To explain this variation in enforcement strategy, the article tests four hypotheses derived from the literature on regulatory enforcement. The findings suggest that the variation between the agencies is not primarily the result of differences in resources or the authority to issue punitive decisions, as suggested by previous research. Instead, we find support for the hypothesis that the definition of quality can explain variation in adopted strategies, and partial support for the hypothesis that differences in regulatory mission can account for a variation in the agencies' formal enforcement strategies.
Much to do about identity: Successful women in science reflect on their school years
Authors: Hall Jonathan L. , Butler Malcolm B.
Published: October 2022

This study presents the recollections of 12 successful women in science during their school years before postsecondary education. The participants shared detailed descriptions of their science experiences through three semi‐structured interviews. An identity works conceptual framework consisting of figured worlds, positioning, and agency constructs to portray the complex dynamics of their experiences was used to analyze the data. The following four themes emerged from the data analysis: participants had an early interest in mathematics and science; they were “stubbornly” persistent in science‐figured worlds; they engaged in science‐figured worlds beyond school; and they positioned themselves as science leaders. These findings add to the evolution of science identity development theoretical models because they are from a nondeficit perspective. Participants engaged in identity work that advanced their science identities despite the gender biases in science‐figured worlds. From a practical stance, girls and women could employ the agentic and positive positioning identity work that the findings show to develop their science identity in educational contexts. Science educators and researchers are encouraged to structure figured worlds where girls feel empowered to enact identity work to build strong science identities.