bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Barrett’s esophagus in a Southern European country: a multicenter study
Authors: Marques de Sá Inês , Leal Carina , Silva Joana , Falcão Daniela , Felix Catarina , Nascimento Catarina , Boal Carvalho Pedro , Vasconcelos Helena , Pedroto Isabel , Chagas Cristina , Cravo Marília , Cotter José , Sharma Prateek , Dinis-Ribeiro Mário
Published: November 2021

Background

Identification of Barrett’s esophagus (BE) with the treatment of dysplasia is essential to prevent esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Moreover, determination of BE prevalence is important to define subsequent management strategies. However, precise estimates on BE prevalence from several European countries are lacking. We aimed to determine BE prevalence in a Southern European country.

Methods

A cross-sectional, multicenter study from November 2019 to February 2020 was performed defining BE as a columnar extent in the distal esophagus greater than or equal to 1 cm with intestinal metaplasia.

Results

A total of 1550 individuals, 51% male with a mean age of 62 (SD = 15) years undergoing upper endoscopy were included. The overall BE prevalence was 1.29% (95% confidence interval: 0.73-1.85); significantly higher in men [2.05% (1.06-3.04)] vs. women [0.53% (0.01-1.04)]. Of the 20 BE patients, eight were newly diagnosed and 12 were under surveillance. The median extent was C3 (min 0; max 16) M4.5 (min 2; max 16). One patient each had EAC (0.06%) and high-grade dysplasia (0.06%) at the time of endoscopy. There was no difference in prevalence between geographical regions, centers, use of sedation or experience of endoscopists. Considering all reports, 93% used standardized terminology, 23% accurate photodocumentation and 69% photodocumented the esophagogastric junction (EGJ). Furthermore, 80% used Prague classification, 55% Seattle protocol, 60% distance to the squamocolumnar junction, 75% to the EGJ and 40% to the hiatal pinch. When considering only reports with EGJ photodocumentation or Prague classification, the prevalence was 1.78% (0.91-2.64) or 1.03% (0.53-1.53).

Conclusion

We report for the first time BE prevalence in Southern Europe and report a low overall prevalence in an unselected population. Future studies need to determine progression rates and how to improve quality metrics.
Perceptions of Nurses Who Are Second Victims in a Hospital Setting
Authors: Draus Catherine , Mianecki Therese B. , Musgrove Hannah , Bastien Danielle J. , Greggs Dana , Halash Christine , (Larry-Osman) Bellamy Cheryl , Lewis Amber , Mackenzie Wendy
Published: November 2021

Background:

Second victims (SVs) are health care workers traumatized by unanticipated, adverse patient events. These experiences can have personal and professional effects on SVs. Research indicates that SVs experience inadequate support following adverse events.

Purpose:

To determine the prevalence of nurses who identified as SVs and their awareness and use of supportive resources.

Methods:

A convenience sample of nurses was surveyed, and SV responses were compared with those who did not identify as a SV. Responses were analyzed using nonparametric methods.

Results:

One hundred fifty-nine (44.3%) of 359 participants identified as SVs. There was a significant relationship between work tenure and SVs (P = .009). A relationship was found between SVs and awareness and use of support resources, with debriefing being the preferred method after an event.

Conclusions:

Adverse events trigger emotional trauma in SVs who require administrative awareness, support, and follow-up to minimize psychological trauma in the clinical nurse.
A Multidisciplinary Approach to Improving the Pediatric Discharge Process
Authors: Jubic Kayla , Dick Emily , Moelber Carrie
Published: November 2021

Background:

A collaborative and multidisciplinary shared responsibility with providing discharge information to pediatric patients/families can support successful reassimilation to life posthospitalization.

Problem:

An analysis of the current discharge process at an urban pediatric hospital identified variations in discharge practices and instructions.

Approach:

A multidisciplinary taskforce used the Plan-Do-Study-Act methodology to standardize the discharge process including creating a discharge template, adopting a new education platform, enhancing the electronic health record, and implementing strategies to improve discharge.

Outcomes:

There was a reduction in 7-day readmission rate from preintervention 4.58 to postintervention for 4 consecutive quarters of 3.92, 4.20, 3.44, and 3.41, respectively. Percentile ranking and top box scores of the patient satisfaction measure of discharge preparation increased from 12th-62nd to 65th-95th percentile postimplementation and 81% to 88%, respectively.

Conclusions:

A local improvement initiative related to standardization of the discharge process resulted in a reduction in 7-day readmission rate and improved patient satisfaction scores.
Classification of Limb and Mobility Impairments in Persons With Stroke Using the STREAM
Authors: Winairuk Thitimard , Chaikeeree Nithinun , Sirisup Sirod , Saengsirisuwan Vitoon , Boonsinsukh Rumpa
Published: November 2021

Background and Purpose:

Classification of functional impairment in persons with stroke can influence treatment planning but this information is missing in the Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement (STREAM) Scale. This study aimed to establish the classification of limb mobility impairments and item difficulty of the STREAM.

Methods:

Rasch analysis was conducted on the STREAM scores to examine the person and item reliability, the item difficulty, and level of impairments. A total of 240 participants were evaluated using the STREAM, the Fugl-Meyer Stroke Assessment (FM), and the Functional Ambulation Categories (FAC). The concurrent validity of the STREAM extremity (STREAM-E) category with the FM-motor category and the STREAM mobility (STREAM-M) category with the FAC category was analyzed using the Spearman rank-order correlation.

Results:

Person reliabilities of the STREAM-E and STREAM-M were 0.92 and 0.80, respectively. High-item reliability was observed in both STREAM-E (0.97) and STREAM-M (0.99). The STREAM items “flexes hip and knee in supine” and “rolls onto side” were the easiest items, whereas the “dorsiflexes affected ankle with knee extended” item was the most difficult item. The STREAM-E category demonstrated excellent concurrent validity with the FM-motor category (ρ = 0.83) in classifying individuals with stroke into 5 groups: mild, moderate, moderately severe, severe, and very severe limb impairment. The STREAM-M category showed a moderate correlation with the FAC category (ρ = 0.71) in categorizing persons with stroke into 3 groups: mild, moderate, and severe mobility impairment.

Discussion and Conclusions:

Findings can be used in the assessment and treatment planning of persons with stroke.

Video Abstract available for more insights from the authors (see Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1 available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A373).
Pressure Injury Prevalence in Acute Care Hospitals With Unit-Specific Analysis
Authors: VanGilder Catherine A. , Cox Jill , Edsberg Laura E. , Koloms Kimberly
Published: November 2021

PURPOSE:

The purpose of this study was to determine overall pressure injury (PI) prevalence and hospital-acquired pressure injury (HAPI) prevalence in US acute care hospitals. Additionally, analysis of patient characteristics associated with HAPIs will be presented.

DESIGN:

Observational, cross-sectional cohort study.

SUBJECTS AND SETTING:

An in-depth analysis of data was performed from the International Pressure Ulcer Prevalence™ (IPUP) Survey database for years 2018-2019 that included 296,014 patients. There were 914 participating US acute care facilities in 2018 and 887 in 2019. Overall PI prevalence and HAPI prevalence over time were also examined for 2006-2019 acute care data from 2703 unique facilities (1,179,108 patients).

METHODS:

Overall PI prevalence and HAPI prevalence were analyzed from the 2006-2019 IPUP survey database. Recent data for 2018-2019 PI prevalence are reported separately for medical-surgical, step-down, and critical care unit types. PI stages, anatomic locations, Braden score associated with HAPIs, and body mass index were analyzed.

RESULTS:

Overall PI prevalence and HAPI prevalence data declined between 2006 and 2019; however, the prevalence plateaued in the years 2015-2019. Data from 2018 to 2019 (N = 296,014) showed that 26,562 patients (8.97%) had at least one PI and 7631 (2.58%) had at least one HAPI. Patients cared for in medical-surgical inpatient care units had the lowest overall PI prevalence (7.78%) and HAPI prevalence (1.87%), while critical care patients had the highest overall PI prevalence (14.32%) and HAPI prevalence (5.85%). Critical care patients developed more severe PIs (stage 3,4, unstageable, and deep-tissue pressure injuries [DTPIs]), which were proportionally higher than those in the step-down or medical-surgical units. The sacrum/coccyx anatomic location had the highest overall PI prevalence and HAPI prevalence, except for DTPIs, which most common occurred on the heel.

CONCLUSIONS:

Overall and HAPI prevalence has plateaued 2015-2019. Prevalence of HAPIs, especially in critical care units, remain high. While medical advancements have improved survival rates among critically ill patients, survival may come with unintended consequences, including PI development.
Abdominal Soft Tissue Infection Caused by Mycobacterium wolinskyi After Cosmetic Surgery
Authors: Rauch-Pucher Mackenzie , McCartney Teresa , Cox-Reber Jessica , Markwell Ashley
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND:

Mycobacterium wolinskyi is a rare, fast-growing, painful bacterium causing soft tissue infections. Sparse case reports focus on long-term intravenous antibiotic therapy and surgical interventions. We searched the literature and found almost no discussion about treatment from a nursing and wound care perspective.

CASE:

Ms P, a 30-year-old Arabic female patient, underwent cosmetic surgery in Iraq including liposuction, abdominoplasty, and herniorrhaphy. One month postoperatively, she presented with an infection identified as M. wolinskyi resulting in multiple hospital admissions. Ms P received treatment with long-term antibiotic therapy and underwent multiple surgical debridements with extensive wound care management.

CONCLUSION:

Mycobacterium wolinskyi is an exceedingly rare bacterium not typically seen in the clinical setting and requires prolonged and aggressive treatment. It is painful and fast-growing, as evidenced by multiple abscess formations and tissue necrosis in this case. Daily assessments and wound management using a collaborative approach were important to promote optimal healing.
Roseomonas oleicola sp. nov., isolated from an oil production mixture in Yumen Oilfield, and emended description of Roseomonas frigidaquae
Authors: Wu Danni , Liu Hongcan , Zhou Yuguang , Wu Xiaolei , Nie Yong , Cai Man
Published: November 2021

A pink, ovoid-shaped, Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic and motile bacterial strain, designated ROY-5-3T, was isolated from an oil production mixture from Yumen Oilfield in PR China. The strain grew at 4–42 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 5–10 (optimum, 7) and with 0–5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0%). The results of phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that ROY-5-3T belongs to the genus

Roseomonas

and shared the highest pairwise similarities with

Roseomonas frigidaquae

CW67T (98.1%),

Roseomonas selenitidurans

BU-1T (97.8%),

Roseomonas tokyonensis

K-20T (97.7%) and

Roseomonas stagni

HS-69T (97.3%). The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between ROY-5-3T and other related type strains of

Roseomonas

species were less than 84.08 and 28.60 %, respectively, both below the species delineation threshold. Pan-genomic analysis showed that the novel isolate ROY-5-3T shared 3265 core gene families with the four closely related type strains in

Roseomonas

, and the number of strain-specific gene families was 513. The major fatty acids were identified as summed feature 8 (C18 : 1
ω6c/C18 : 1
ω7c), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1
ω6c/C16 : 1
ω7c) and C16 : 0. Strain ROY-5-3T contained Q-10 as the main ubiquinone and the genomic DNA G+C content was 69.8 mol%. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. Based on the phylogenetic, morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic and genome analyses, strain ROY-5-3T represents a novel species of the genus

Roseomonas

for which the name Roseomonas oleicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ROY-5-3T (=CGMCC 1.13459T =KCTC 82484T).
The role of KPNA2 mutations in breast cancer prognosis: A survey of publicly available databases
Authors: Alnoumas Layla , van Den Driest Lisa , Lannigan Alison , Johnson Caroline H , Rattray Nicholas JW , Rattray Zahra
Published: November 2021

Breast cancer, comprising of several sub-phenotypes, is a leading cause of female cancer-related mortality in the UK and accounts for 15% of all cancer cases. Chemoresistant sub phenotypes of breast cancer remain a particular challenge. However, the rapidly-growing availability of clinical datasets, presents the scope to underpin a data driven precision medicine-based approach exploring new targets for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. We report a survey of several publicly available databases probing the expression and prognostic role of Karyopherin-2 alpha (KPNA2) in breast cancer prognosis. Aberrant KPNA2 overexpression is directly correlated with aggressive tumour phenotypes and poor patient survival outcomes. We examined the existing information available on a range of commonly occurring mutations of KPNA2 and their correlation with patient survival.

Our analysis of clinical gene expression datasets show that KPNA2 is frequently amplified in breast cancer, with differences in expression levels observed as a function of patient age and clinicopathologic parameters. We also found that aberrant KPNA2 overexpression is directly correlated with poor patient prognosis, warranting further investigation of KPNA2 as an actionable target for patient stratification or the design of novel chemotherapy agents.

In the era of big data, the wealth of datasets available in the public domain can be used to underpin proof of concept studies evaluating the biomolecular pathways implicated in chemotherapy resistance in breast cancer.
Aortic stenosis post-COVID-19: A mathematical model on waiting lists and mortality
Authors: Stickels Christian P , Nadarajah Ramesh , Gale Chris P , Jiang Houyuan , Sharkey Kieran J , Gibbison Ben , Holliman Nick , Lombardo Sara , Schewe Lars , Sommacal Matteo , Sun Louise , Weir-McCall Jonathan , Cheema Katherine , Rudd James H F , Mamas Mamas A. , Erhun Feryal
Published: November 2021

Objectives

To provide estimates for how different treatment pathways for the management of severe aortic stenosis (AS) may affect NHS England waiting list duration and associated mortality.

Design

We constructed a mathematical model of the excess waiting list and found the closed-form analytic solution to that model. From published data, we calculated estimates for how the following strategies may affect the time to clear the backlog of patients waiting for treatment and the associated waiting list mortality.

Interventions

1) increasing the capacity for the treatment of severe AS, 2) converting proportions of cases from surgery to transcatheter aortic valve implantation, and 3) a combination of these two.

Results

In a capacitated system, clearing the backlog by returning to pre-COVID-19 capacity is not possible. A conversion rate of 50% would clear the backlog within 666 (95% CI, 533–848) days with 1419 (95% CI, 597–2189) deaths whilst waiting during this time. A 20% capacity increase would require 535 (95% CI, 434–666) days, with an associated mortality of 1172 (95% CI, 466–1859). A combination of converting 40% cases and increasing capacity by 20% would clear the backlog within a year (343 (95% CI, 281–410) days) with 784 (95% CI, 292–1324) deaths whilst awaiting treatment.

Conclusion

A strategy change to the management of severe AS is required to reduce the NHS backlog and waiting list deaths during the post-COVID-19 ‘recovery’ period. However, plausible adaptations will still incur a substantial wait and many hundreds dying without treatment.
Post-stroke executive function in relation to white matter damage on clinically acquired CT brain imaging
Authors: Hobden Georgina , Moore Margaret , Mair Grant , Pendlebury Sarah , Demeyere Nele
Published: November 2021

Importance

Executive function impairments are highly prevalent post-stroke and are a feature of vascular dementia. Computed tomography (CT) neuroimaging is routinely acquired in clinical settings. Therefore, determining the prognostic utility of CT-derived markers for post-stroke cognitive outcomes is of key clinical and academic interest.

Objective

To determine whether post-stroke executive function is associated with stroke-related white matter damage and/or white matter hypoattenuations of presumed vascular origin (WMHs) on routine CT brain scans.

Design

Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of data collected within the Oxford Cognitive Screening (OCS) programme (2016-2020).

Setting

Patients were recruited at Oxford University Hospital’s acute stroke unit. Follow-up cognitive assessment was conducted six-months post-stroke at patients’ homes.

Participants

OCS programme recruited a consecutive patient sample with a confirmed diagnosis of stroke, who were minimum 18 years old, able to remain alert for 20 minutes, and able to provide informed consent. This study included all patients who completed six-month follow-up assessment with the Oxford Cognitive Screen-Plus (OCS-Plus) and had a usable acute CT scan with a visible stroke lesion.

Main Outcome and Measures

Association between post-stroke executive function and both stroke-specific white matter damage and WMHs on routine CT. Executive function was evaluated using the OCS-Plus Rule Finding task. Stroke lesions were manually delineated on CT, and stroke-related white matter damage was quantified then dichotomised using the HCP-842 atlas. WMHs were visually rated using the Age-Related White Matter Changes scale and dichotomised as present or absent.

Results

Among 87 stroke patients (mean/SD age = 73.60/11.75; 41 female; 61 ischaemic stroke), multivariable linear regression analyses demonstrated that poorer executive function six-months post-stroke was associated with both stroke damage to the medial lemniscus (B= - 8.86, p< .001, 95% CI [-13.29 -4.43]) and the presence of WMHs (B= -5.42, p= .005, 95% CI [-9.12 -1.72]), after adjusting for covariates including age and education.

Conclusions and Relevance

Poorer post-stroke executive functioning was associated with both localised patterns of stroke-specific white matter damage and white matter degeneration. Our results confirm the necessary role of white matter integrity for executive functioning post-stroke and highlight the prognostic utility of CT-derived neuroimaging markers for long-term post-stroke cognitive outcomes.
Neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants secondary to in utero exposure to maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection: A national prospective study in Kuwait
Authors: Ayed Mariam , Embaireeg Alia , Kartam Mais , More Kiran , Alqallaf Mafaza , AlNafisi Abdullah , Alsaffar Zainab , Bahzad Zainab , Buhamad Yasmeen , Alsayegh Haneen , Al-Fouzan Wadha , Alkandari Hessa
Published: November 2021

Background

An increasing proportion of women are being infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during pregnancy. Intrauterine viral infections induce an increase in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, which inhibit the proliferation of neuronal precursor cells and stimulate oligodendrocyte cell death, leading to abnormal neurodevelopment. Whether a maternal cytokine storm can affect neonatal brain development is unclear. The objective of the present study is to assess neurodevelopmental outcomes in neonates born to mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infections during pregnancy.

Methods

In this prospective cohort study, the neurodevelopment status of infants (N=298) born to women with SARS-CoV-2 infections during pregnancy was assessed at 10-12 months post discharge using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, 3rd edition (ASQ-3). The ASQ-3 scores were classified into developmental delays (cutoff score: ≤2 standard deviations (SDs) below the population mean) and no delay (score >2 SDs above the population mean).

Results

Approximately 10% of infants born to mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infections during pregnancy showed developmental delays. Two of 298 infants tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, and both had normal ASQ-3 scores. The majority of the pregnant women had SARS-CoV-2 infection during their third trimester. The risk of developmental delays among infants was higher in those whose mothers had SARS-CoV-2 infections during the first (P=0.039) and second trimesters (P=0.001) than in those whose mothers had SARS-CoV-2 infections during the third trimester. Infants born at <31 weeks gestation were more prone to developmental delays than those born at >31 weeks gestation (10% versus 0.8%; P=0.002).

Conclusion

The findings of the study highlight the need for long term neurodevelopmental assessment of infants born to mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Covid-19 Pandemic and its Effect on Residents’ Mental Well-Being
Authors: Yazdani Anwar , Esmaeili Hend , AlSaleh Abdulla K , Sultan Ahmed , Alamad Esam , Bandar Ali , Rawdhan Hanouf , Ayed Mariam
Published: November 2021

Concerns about COVID-19’s long-term consequences on the mental health of frontline health professionals are mounting as the entire world strives anew to contain it. The primary objective of this research is to describe the impact of working during the COVID-19 pandemic on junior doctors’ mental health and to investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on junior doctors’ training and professional performance. A cross-sectional online survey using the Google Forms platform was conducted from May 1stto May 30th, 2021, in 311 healthcare workers who were currently enrolled in a residency program at the Kuwait Institutional of Medical Specialization (KIMS). Socio-demographic details of each health worker were collected and the scores related to depression, anxiety, and stress were measured using the previously validated depression anxiety stress scale-21 (DASS-21). Higher stress scores were seen in those who were devoid of the option to work with COVID-19 patients (adjusted β 5.1 (95%CI:1.2-9);p=0.01), who reported that working during the pandemic affected their study schedule (adjusted β 4.8 (95%CI:1.6-8.1);p=0.004), and who lost off service training time (adjusted β 2.7 (95%CI:0.13-5.2);p=0.034). Further, the anxiety scores were significantly higher in females. The impact of the ongoing pandemic on residents’ mental health is grave, necessitating psychological treatment and support. The study discovered various factors linked to depression, anxiety, and stress. As a result, these aspects must be regarded to protect the residents’ mental health.
The Transcriptome Architecture of Polyomaviruses
Authors: Nomburg Jason , Zou Wei , Frost Thomas C. , Datta Chandreyee , Vasudevan Shobha , Starrett Gabriel J. , Imperiale Michael J. , Meyerson Matthew , DeCaprio James A.
Published: November 2021

Polyomaviruses (PyV) are ubiquitous pathogens that can cause devastating human diseases. Due to the small size of their genomes, PyV utilize complex patterns of RNA splicing to maximize their coding capacity. Despite the importance of PyV to human disease, their transcriptome architecture is poorly characterized. Here, we compare short- and long-read RNA sequencing data from eight human and non-human PyV. We provide a detailed transcriptome atlas for BK polyomavirus (BKPyV), an important human pathogen, and the prototype PyV, simian virus 40 (SV40). We identify pervasive wraparound transcription in PyV, wherein transcription runs through the polyA site and circles the genome multiple times. Comparative analyses identify novel, conserved transcripts that increase PyV coding capacity. One of these conserved transcripts encodes superT, a T antigen containing two RB-binding LxCxE motifs. We find that superT-encoding transcripts are abundant in PyV-associated human cancers. Together, we show that comparative transcriptomic approaches can greatly expand known transcript and coding capacity in one of the simplest and most well-studied viral families.
Recombinant Group A Carbohydrate backbone embedded into Outer Membrane Vesicles is a potent vaccine candidate targeting Group A Streptococcus from Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis
Authors: Castro Sowmya Ajay , Thomson Sarah , Zorzoli Azul , Meyer Benjamin H , Reglinski Mark , Dorfmueller Helge C.
Published: November 2021

Background

Group A Streptococcus (GAS) are responsible for a wide range of human-exclusive infections, annually killing more than 500,000 people. Antibiotic resistance incidence of invasive GAS tripled in the past decade and emphasises the need to develop a universal GAS vaccine. We have produced, for the first time, a recombinant polyrhamnose backbone (pRha), a validated universal GAS vaccine candidate. E. coli outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) carrying pRha were investigated for their immunogenicity and efficacy in an animal model.

Methods

OMVs decorated with pRha were administered to C57BL/6J mouse and rabbit models. Flow cytometry, ELISA, Luminex, immunofluorescence microscopy and serum bactericidal assay assays were conducted to investigate the ability of pRha-specific antibodies to recognise and kill clinical (hypervirulent) GAS strains.

Results

Our results suggest that pRha-OMVs induce specific antibodies which recognise Group A Carbohydrate (GAC) from S pyogenes and S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis. Increased IgG levels correlate with increased bactericidal killing of the hypervirulent GAS M89 strain. Elevated IL-17a from pRha-OMV-immunised splenocytes indicates possible stimulation of long-term memory immune cells.

Conclusion

We are the first to report efficacy and potency of this unique, exogenously produced polysaccharide, pRha, in the induction of humoral-mediated immune responses to GAS.

Topic

Streptococcus pyogenes, immunoglobulins, polysaccharides, opsonophagocytosis, acute rheumatic fever, M protein, invasive Group A Streptococcus, hyaluronic acid
New neurons in old brains: A cautionary tale for the analysis of neurogenesis in post-mortem tissue
Authors: Terstege Dylan J. , Addo-Osafo Kwaku , Teskey G. Campbell , Epp Jonathan R.
Published: November 2021

Adult neurogenesis has primarily been examined in two key regions in the mammalian brain, the subgranular zone of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone. The proliferation and integration of newly generated neurons has been observed widely in adult mammalian species including the human hippocampus. Recent high-profile studies have suggested however, that this process is considerably reduced in humans, occurring in children but declining rapidly and nearly completely in the adult brain. In comparison, rodent studies also show age-related decline but a greater degree of proliferation of new neurons in adult animals. Here, we examine whether differences in tissue fixation, rather than biological difference in human versus rodent studies might account for the diminished levels of neurogenesis sometimes observed in the human brain. To do so we analyzed neurogenesis in the hippocampus of rats that were either perfusion-fixed or the brains extracted and immersion-fixed at various post-mortem intervals. We observed an interaction between animal age and the time delay between death and tissue fixation. While similar levels of neurogenesis were observed in young rats regardless of fixation, older rats had significantly fewer labeled neurons when fixation was not immediate. Furthermore, the morphological detail of the labeled neurons was significantly reduced in the delayed fixation conditions at all ages. This study highlights critical concerns that must be considered when using post-mortem tissue to quantify adult neurogenesis.
USE OF FLUNARIZINE AS A PREVENTIVE FOR VESTIBULAR MIGRAINE CRISES IN COMPARISON WITH OTHER DRUGS: SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Braghieri Lara Estupina , Person Osmar Clayton , Bogar Priscila , Junior Fernando Veiga Angélico , Lopes Paula Ribeiro
Published: November 2021

INTRODUCTION

Vestibular migraine is the main cause of episodic vertigo and the second most common cause of dizziness in adults. Treatment for vestibular migraine encompasses the prevention of crises and the control of acute symptoms.

Flunarizine works by preventing the contraction of labyrinthine vessels and altering blood flow, thus preventing symptoms. Due to the high prevalence of the disease, its negative impacts on individual health and increased expenditure on public health, preventive pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment must be implemented early.

PURPOSE

To evaluate the efficacy of Flunarizine as a preventive for migraine and vestibular crises compared to other preventive drugs.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Scientific articles were searched in the databases using the terms (vestibular migraine OR migrainous vertigo) AND (flunarizine) AND (prophylaxis). Subsequently, a systematic literature review and meta-analysis was performed, including 3 randomized clinical trials comparing flunarizine and other preventive drugs in terms of efficacy and safety for preventing migraine vertigo attacks. The studies were analyzed using a ROB table, analysis using the GRADE method and meta-analysis.

RESULTS

Qualitatively, the analysis showed that flunariniza was positive for decreasing the frequency of vertigo in cases of vestibular migraine, with a moderate degree of evidence, a relative risk of 0.34 and a confidence interval of 0.15 to 0.76.

CONCLUSIONS

There are few studies available in the scientific literature on the use of flunarizine in vestibular migraine, many of which are heterogeneous among themselves, mainly in the way of evaluating and monitoring patients, carried out mainly through subjective methods.

The meta-analysis showed a positive result for flunarizine as a preventive drug for the studied population. Furthermore, in all the studies analyzed, no serious side effects resulting from the use of the medication were reported, which makes it safe for patients to use.

Flunarizine is a good drug for the prevention of vestibular migraine, especially in reducing the number of attacks, with a good level of evidence.
Mast cells differentiated in synovial fluid and resident in osteophytes exalt the inflammatory pathology of osteoarthritis
Authors: Kulkarni Priya , Harsulkar Abhay , Märtson Anne-Grete , Suutre Siim , Märtson Aare , Koks Sulev
Published: November 2021

Osteophytes are a prominent feature of osteoarthritis (OA) pathology. RNA-seq of osteophytes revealed patterns corresponding to active ECM re-modulation and participation of mast cells. The cells recruitment and their activity status were confirmed by anti-TPSAB1 and anti-FC epsilon RI antibodies in immunohistochemistry. Besides subchondral bone, which is a logical yet unproven route for the cells deployment into osteophytes, the authors propose that OA synovial fluid (SF) is necessary and sufficient for maturation of mast cell precursors (MCPs) in this channel. The authors present evidences to support their claim in the form of IHC, proteomics analysis of SF samples and in vitro cell differentiation assay, wherein human monocytes (ThP1) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) showed differentiation in HLA-DR+/CD206+ and FCERI+ phenotype respectively after 9 days of SF treatment. These observations expound osteophytes and resident mast cells as yet unexplained functional epicentre in OA pathology.
Controlling SARS-CoV-2 in schools using repetitive testing strategies
Authors: Torneri Andrea , Willem Lander , Colizza Vittoria , Kremer Cécile , Meuris Christelle , Darcis Gilles , Hens Niel , Libin Pieter
Published: November 2021

SARS-CoV-2 remains a worldwide emergency. While vaccines have been approved and are widely administered, these are only available to adults and adolescents in Europe. Therefore, in order to mitigate the spread of more transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants among children, the use of non-pharmaceutical interventions is still warranted. We investigate the impact of different testing strategies on the SARS-CoV-2 infection dynamics in a primary school environment, using an individual-based modelling approach. Specifically, we consider three testing strategies: 1) symptomatic isolation, where we test symptomatic individuals and isolate them when they test positive, 2) reactive screening, where a class is screened once one symptomatic individual was identified, and 3) repetitive screening, where the school in its entirety is screened on regular time intervals. Through this analysis, we demonstrate that repetitive testing strategies can significantly reduce the attack rate in schools, contrary to a reactive screening approach. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of these testing strategies on the average number of school days lost per child.
Assessment of breakthrough infections among post-vaccinated healthcare workers in a Tertiary Dental Hospital in New Delhi, India
Authors: Maurya Deepamala , Kaur Arundeep , Faraz Farrukh , Tandon Shruti , Rana Anju , Grover Shekhar
Published: November 2021

Background

COVID-19 vaccination in India has been rolled out on a national level, with healthcare workers (HCWs) becoming the first recipient of both Covishield and Covaxin. However, concerns over efficacy of vaccines have been much debated. This study highlights COVID-19 infections among vaccinated HCWs in a teaching dental hospital in Delhi, India.

Methodology

This cross-sectional survey was conducted using a pretested, validated, self-instituted questionnaire assessing COVID-19 like symptoms and/or confirmed infections among partially or fully vaccinated HCWs (all faculty, staff and students) of the institute from 16th January to 31st July 2021. The number of infections was also matched with hospital records.

Results

Out of 397 HCWs, 386 (97.2%) were vaccinated and 355 (89.4%) had received both doses. COVID-19 like symptoms appeared in 21 HCWs (5.4%) post any dose of vaccine. Symptomatic breakthrough infections >14 days after second dose occurred was seen in 16 HCWs (4.5%). Except one (required hospitalization), all other cases had mild infection. No significant difference was observed between Covishield and Covaxin. Most common symptom was fever and body ache.

Conclusion

The study identifies the possibility of breakthrough infections among vaccinated HCWs, and ensures the impact of vaccination in limiting disease severity. The findings suggest that COVID-19 preventive measures should be continued even among vaccinated individuals.
Min waves without MinC can pattern FtsA-FtsZ filaments on model membranes
Authors: Godino Elisa , Doerr Anne , Danelon Christophe
Published: November 2021

Although the essential proteins that drive bacterial cytokinesis have been identified and reconstituted in vitro, the precise mechanisms by which they dynamically interact to enable symmetrical division are largely unknown. In Escherichia coli, cell division begins with the formation of a proto-ring composed of FtsZ and its membrane-tethering proteins FtsA and ZipA. In the broadly proposed molecular scenario for ring positioning, Min waves composed of MinD and MinE distribute the FtsZ-polymerization inhibitor MinC away from mid-cell, where the Z-ring can form. Therefore, MinC is believed to be an essential element connecting the Min and FtsZ systems. Here, by using cell-free gene expression on planar lipid membranes, we demonstrate that MinDE drive the formation of dynamic, antiphase patterns of FtsZ-FtsA co-filaments even in the absence of MinC. This behavior is also observed when the proteins are compartmentalized inside microdroplets. These results suggest that Z-ring positioning may be achieved with a more minimal set of proteins than previously envisaged, providing a fresh perspective about the role of MinC. Moreover, we propose that MinDE oscillations may constitute the minimal localization mechanism of an FtsA-FtsZ constricting ring in a prospective synthetic cell.
Essential functions of MLL1 and MLL2 in retinal development and cone cell maintenance
Authors: Sun Chi , Zhang Xiaodong , Ruzycki Philip A. , Chen Shiming
Published: November 2021

MLL1 (KMT2A) and MLL2 (KMT2B) are homologous members of the mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) family of histone methyltransferases involved in epigenomic transcriptional regulation. Their sequence variants have been associated with neurological and psychological disorders, but little is known about their roles and mechanism of action in CNS development. Using mouse retina as a model, we previously reported MLL1’s role in retinal neurogenesis and horizontal cell maintenance. Here we determine roles of MLL2 and MLL1/MLL2 together in retinal development using conditional knockout (CKO) mice. Deleting Mll2 from Chx10+ retinal progenitors resulted in a similar phenotype as Mll1 CKO, but removal of both alleles produced much more severe deficits than each single CKO: 1-month double CKO mutants displayed null light responses in electroretinogram; thin retinal layers, including shorter photoreceptor outer segments with impaired phototransduction gene expression; and reduced numbers of M-cones, horizontal and amacrine neurons, followed by fast retinal degeneration. Despite moderately reduced progenitor cell proliferation at P0, the neurogenic capacity was largely maintained in double CKO mutants. However, upregulated apoptosis and reactive gliosis were detected during postnatal retinal development. Finally, the removal of both MLLs in fated rods produced a normal phenotype, but the CKO in M-cones impaired M-cone function and survival, indicating both cell non-autonomous and autonomous mechanisms. Altogether, our results suggest that MLL1/MLL2 play redundant roles in maintaining specific retinal neurons after cell fate specification and are essential for establishing functional neural networks.
Signature of antiphase boundaries in iron oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Köhler Tobias , Feoktystov Artem , Petracic Oleg , Nandakumaran Nileena , Cervellino Antonio , Brückel Thomas
Published: November 2021

Iron oxide nanoparticles find a wide variety of applications, including targeted drug delivery and hyperthermia in advanced cancer treatment methods. An important property of these particles is their maximum net magnetization, which has been repeatedly reported to be drastically lower than the bulk reference value. Previous studies have shown that planar lattice defects known as antiphase boundaries (APBs) have an important influence on the particle magnetization. The influence of APBs on the atomic spin structure of nanoparticles with the γ-Fe2O3composition is examined via Monte Carlo simulations, explicitly considering dipole–dipole interactions between the magnetic moments that have previously only been approximated. For a single APB passing through the particle centre, a reduction in the magnetization of 3.9% (for 9 nm particles) to 7.9% (for 5 nm particles) is found in saturation fields of 1.5 T compared with a particle without this defect. Additionally, on the basis of Debye scattering equation simulations, the influence of APBs on X-ray powder diffraction patterns is shown. The Fourier transform of the APB peak profile is developed to be used in a whole powder pattern modelling approach to determine the presence of APBs and quantify them by fits to powder diffraction patterns. This is demonstrated on experimental data, where it could be shown that the number of APBs is related to the observed reduction in magnetization.
Impact of nearby lightning on photovoltaic modules converters
Authors: Barmada Sami , Formisano Alessandro , Hernandez Jesus C. , Sánchez Sutil Francisco José J. , Petrarca Carlo
Published: November 2021

Purpose

The lightning phenomenon is one of the main threats in photovoltaic (PV) applications. Suitable protection systems avoid major damages from direct strikes but also nearby strikes may induce overvoltage transients in the module itself and in the power conditioning circuitry, which can permanently damage the system. The effects on the PV system sensibly depend on the converter topology and on the adopted power switch. In the present study, a comparative analysis of the transient response due to a nearby lightning strike (LS) is carried out for three PV systems, each equipped with a different converter, namely, boost, buck and buck–boost, based on either silicon carbide metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (SiC MOSFET) or insulated gate bipolar transistors controlled power switch devices, allowing in this way an analysis at different switching frequencies. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of the numerical analysis to help the design of suited protection systems.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a recently introduced three-dimensional semi-analytical method to simulate the electromagnetic transients caused in PV modules by nearby LSs, we investigate numerically the effect of a LS on the electronic circuits connecting the module to the alternate current (AC) power systems. This study adopts numerical simulations because experimental analyses are not easy to perform and does not grant a sufficient coverage of all statistically relevant aspects. The approach was validated in a previous paper against available experimental data.

Findings

It is found that the load voltage is not severely interested by the strike effects, thanks to the low pass filters present at the converter output, whereas a relatively high overvoltage develops between the negative pin of the inner circuitry and the “ground” voltage reference. The overcurrent present in the active switches is hardly comparable because of the different topologies and working frequencies; however, the highest overcurrent is observed in the buck converter topology, with SiC MOSFET technology, although it shows the fastest decay.

Originality/value

This research proposes, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, a comprehensive comparison of the indirect lighting strike effects on the converter connected to PV panels. A proper design of the lightning and surge protection system should take into account such aspects to reduce the risk of induced overvoltage and overcurrent transients.
Information technology competencies as antecedents for absorptive capacity and innovation capabilities in a high-tech industry
Authors: Al-Shami Samer , Bakri Mohammed Hariri , Adil Hayder , Mamun Abdullah Al
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Previous studies equated information technology (IT) with the notion of effective resources. ITs improved firms’ competitive advantage and innovativeness. Yet, far fewer studies investigated types of IT competencies that corresponded to innovation capabilities, particularly in developing countries. The aim of this paper is to provide an investigation concerning the types of IT competencies and examine their influence on the innovation capabilities across high-tech firms.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey was randomly distributed to 274 respondents across four main sectors of Malaysian high-tech firms. The main sectors were electric and electronic, aerospace, computers and office machinery and pharmaceuticals. A structural equation model, Amos, was used to analyse data.

Findings

Three findings were surmised. First, IT competencies driven by IT infrastructure, alignment, management affected high-tech firms’ innovation capabilities. Second, absorptive capacity (AC) partially determined the relationship between IT infrastructure and IT alignment and innovation capabilities. AC also determined the relationship between IT management and innovation capabilities. The significance of IT competencies in the improvement of innovation capabilities was presented as a key predictor in bolstering high-tech manufacturing firms’ competitive advantage.

Originality/value

Two points on novelty were presented. First, by conceptualising IT competencies from resource-based theory (RBV), a shift in understanding RBV was presented. Second, alternative key predictors concerning how IT competencies could improve aspects of AC and innovation capabilities were presented.
Evaluating the environmental maintenance impact (EMI): a carbon life cycle assessment (LCA) of the Singgora roof tiles repair in heritage buildings
Authors: Kayan Brit Anak , Ashraf Nur Nadhifah
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Heritage buildings are consistently impacted by technical and pathological issues associated with their maintenance and conservation such as diminish of building's authenticity and damaging environmental impact. This paper aims to evaluate the environmental maintenance impact (EMI) of the Singgora roof tiles repair in heritage buildings. The EMI is an evaluation upon embodied carbon expenditure during maintenance phase, thus important in repair efficiency appraisal.

Design/methodology/approach

Calculation procedures within selected boundaries of life cycle assessment (LCA) and arbitrary period enabled evaluation of the EMI of Singgora roof tiles repair in heritage buildings during the maintenance phase.

Findings

Evaluation of the EMI could be appreciated as a carbon LCA of Singgora roof tiles repair and has been recognised in embodied carbon expenditure reduction in the form of CO2 emissions mitigation. Importantly, the evaluation underpins decision-making for heritage buildings repair.

Practical implications

EMI evaluation encompasses all building types and forms, thus comprehends the associated applied methodologies. Moreover, the evaluation reflects the emerging environmental challenges of sustaining resilient buildings globally.

Social implications

EMI evaluation highlights options that may be adopted in repair. Indirectly, this implicates heritage building preservation and place's identity protection. Significantly, the evaluation supports environmentally focused conservation and promotes a sustainable repair approach.

Originality/value

EMI evaluation of this paper may devoted to the holistic understanding of the complex relations between Singgora roof materials and their environmental performance. Meanwhile, the application of a carbon LCA had dictated integration of multidisciplinary of heritage buildings maintenance and conservation.