bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Learning Strategies: Prototypical Core and Dimensions of Variation
Authors: Gu Yongqi
Published: June 2020

This paper explores the concept of learning strategies through a prototype perspective. It is argued that “learning strategy” is not a clearly definable concept, because strategies differ from each other in terms of “family resemblance” or “graded degrees of membership”. The prototypical core of a strategy is a dynamic process with problem-solving as its central aim. It involves selective attention, analysis of task, choice of decisions, execution of plan, monitoring of progress and/or modification of plan, and evaluation of result. A strategy varies in terms of prototypicality along the following dimensions: 1) intentionality, 2) self-initiation, 3) metacognitive regulation, 4) sequentiality of activities, 5) chunking of activities, and 6) automaticity in strategy execution. In addition, a “learner-task-context-strategy” framework is presented to provide the “learning” dimensions of learning strategies. It is hoped that the perspectives presented in this article will alleviate the discomfort about conceptual fuzziness and open up a new agenda on language learning strategy research.
Exploring the Effects of Self-efficacy on Vocabulary Learning strategies
Authors: Mizumoto Atsushi
Published: June 2020

This study examined the effects of self-efficacy on language learning strategies by focusing on vocabulary learning strategies (VLSs). A group of 281 EFL learners from two universities participated in the study. They completed the Vocabulary Size Test (Nation & Beglar, 2007), questionnaires on self-efficacy, and an open-ended question about their use of VLSs. The learners were divided into three groups based on their responses to the self-efficacy questionnaire. The effect of self-efficacy was then examined by utilizing text mining. The results show that the effects of self-efficacy were observed in the participants’ open-ended responses. It also became clear that those with high self-efficacy were active users of VLSs, they employed deep strategies, and they were metacognitively superior to participants with medium and low efficiency. Those with medium self-efficacy were also active users of VLSs, but they used shallow strategies compared with the high self-efficiency group. Those with low self-efficacy tended to be passive users of VLSs. The pedagogical implications of the current study are discussed mainly in terms of incorporating self-efficacy and self-regulation enhancing instructions into vocabulary teaching.
Leading the Proverbial Thirsty Horse to Water: ESL Learners’ Experience with Language Learning Contracts
Authors: Ismail Normah , Yusof Masdinah Alauyah Md
Published: June 2020

There is agreement among language educators that the process of language teaching and learning should aim to develop autonomous language learners. While the advantages of autonomy seem to be quite obvious, fostering autonomy in practice can prove to be difficult for some language learners. This paper describes the use of learning contracts as a strategy for enhancing learner autonomy among a group of ESL learners in a Malaysian university. Through learners’ account of their experiences with the contracts, the study concludes that the learning contract has potential use for language learning and that learners’ positive learning experience remains the key to the success of any endeavour seeking to promote learner autonomy. The paper ends with some implications for teachers and learners who wish to use the contracts as a strategy for language teaching and learning.
Book review: The Applied Linguistic Individual: Sociocultural Approaches to Identity, Agency and Autonomy. Edited by Phil Benson and Lucy Cooker
Authors: Balçıkanlı Cem
Published: June 2020

The Applied Linguistic Individual: Sociocultural Approaches to Identity, Agency and Autonomy, edited by Phil Benson and Lucy Cooker, maps the parameters of the concepts “identity, agency and autonomy” in relation to sociocultural approaches and illustrates how a range of different areas, as well as research studies, shape the concepts. This edited book offers a representation of voices through its 13 chapters contributed by researchers in various countries.
A cultura do fumo aromático no Sem-árido da Paraíba e Rio Grande do Norte
Authors: Grabois José , Aguiar Maria de Jesus Nogueira
Published: June 2020

Sem resumo.
Carbonate-bearing phosphohedyphane–“Hydroxylphosphohedyphane” and cerussite: Supergene products of galena alteration in Permian aplite (Western Carpathians, Slovakia)
Authors: Ondrejka Martin , Bačík Peter , Putiš Marián , Uher Pavel , Mikuš Tomáš , Luptáková Jarmila , Ferenc Štefan , Smirnov Alexander
Published: June 2020

A unique assemblage of hedyphane-group minerals of the apatite supergroup associated with galena, cerussite, and calcite occurs in a Permian aplite dike crosscutting orthogneisses belonging to the pre-Alpine basement of the Veĺký Zelený Potok Valley in the Veporic Unit, Western Carpathians, Central Slovakia. The secondary Ca-Pb phosphates include phosphohedyphane Ca2Pb3(PO4)3Cl and (OH)-dominant “hydroxylphosphohedyphane” Ca2Pb3(PO4)3OH. Detailed EPMA and Raman spectroscopy of the hedyphane-group minerals reveal the presence of Pb, Ca, P, and Cl as major constituents; the systematic presence of (CO3)2– (up to 2.6 wt.% CO2calc; 0.65 apfu C) substituting for (PO4)3– (B-type) is the first reported carbonate-bearing phosphohedyphane in nature. There is also significant localized halogen deficiency (0.38–0.49 apfu Cl+F) which suggests the potential for a new mineral, “hydroxylphosphohedyphane”. The secondary assemblage described herein results from very low-temperature sulfide-carbonate reactions and further near-surface supergene alteration of primary magmatic or metamorphic phosphate minerals (mainly apatite) and hydrothermal galena in the alkaline CO2-rich groundwater.
Optimalisasi Jumlah Produksi Menggunakan Fuzzy Inference System Metode Min-Max
Authors: Susetyo Joko , Asih Endang Widuri , Raharjo Heharuman
Published: June 2020

Perencanaan produksi yang tepat dapat diterapkan The GDL Konveksi guna meminimalisir over production dan stock out yang sudah terjadi sebelumnya. Fuzzy Inference System Metode Min-Max dapat digunakan dalam penentuan jumlah produksi kaos guna mencapai produksi yang optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapat output produksi yang optimal untuk bulan Juli 2019 dan membandingkan produksi perusahaan dengan produksi Fuzzy Inference System yang telah dibangun sehingga dapat mengetahui presentase kesalahan rata-rata dan nilai kebenaran prediksi. Produksi yang optimal bermanfaat untuk mengefisienkan sumber daya yang dimiliki perusahaan. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan Fuzzy Inference System Metode Min-MaxÂ  dengan variabel permintaan sebesar 2016 pcs danÂ  variabel persediaan bulan sebelumnya (Juni 2019) sebesar 60 pcs dihasilkan jumlah produksi yang optimal sebesar 1980 pcs. The GDL Konveksi dapat memproduksi sebesar 1980 pcs untuk mendapat kondisi optimal Perhitungan presentase kesalahan MAPE sebesar 6,64% dengan nilai kebenaran mencapai 93,36%, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Fuzzy Inference SystemÂ  Metode Min-Max dapat diterapkan untuk memprediksi jumlah produksi kaos di The GDL Konveksi dengan catatan sangat baik.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Deterjen Pencuci Terhadap Kualitas Kain Batik
Authors: Asih Puji
Published: June 2020

Penelitian dengan Judul Pengaruh Konsentrasi Deterjen Pencuci Terhadap Kualitas Kain Batik, berjutuan untuk mengetahui adakah pengaruh konsentrasi deterjen terhadap kualitas kain batik dan sampai seberapa besar perubahan warna yang dihasilkan. Selanjutnya kualitas warna yang dihasilkan tersebut dibandingkan Â menurut kriteria SNI .Kain batik dilakukan proses pencucian dengan menggunakan deterjen sesuai dengan konsentrasi yang telah ditetapkan . Kain batik yang telah mengalami proses pencucian menggunakan deterjen sesuai dengan konsentrasinyang. Selajutnya kain batik dikeringkan dengan menjemur langsung di bawahÂ  sinar matahari hingga kering. Ulangi percobaan tersebutÂ  sesuai dengan rancangan yang telah ditetapkan baik proses pencuciannya maupun penjemurannya. Lakukan uji ketahanan warna terhadap pencucian maupun katahanan terhadap sinar matahariÂ  menggunakan Grey Scal . Selanjutnya nilai yang ada dibandingkan dengan ketentuan yang ada menurut kriteria pada SNI. Hasil penelitianÂ  menunjukan kain batik yang dicuci menggunakan deterjen berulang mulai 5 kali telah memudar/luntur warnya. Semakin banyak konsentrasi deterjen yang digunakan dan semakin sering kain batik dicuci hingga 10 kali warna akan semakin memudar/luntur. Kain yang memudar warnanya akan sulit untuk dijual dipasaran.Â
Tactics of group application for ground robotic complexes at fire fighting in tank farms
Authors: Власов Константин Сергеевич , Тачков Александр Анатольевич , Данилов Михаил Михайлович
Published: June 2020

Экономический рост предприятий нефтегазового комплекса (НГК) неизбежно влечет за собой повышение уровня их пожарной опасности. Обеспечение их противопожарной защиты в современных условиях требует применения принципиально новых технических решений. Одним из перспективных путей решения проблемы представляется совместное использование групп мобильных робототехнических комплексов (РТК) и традиционных средств пожаротушения. В статье рассматривается вопрос группового применения мобильных РТК.

For oil and gas complex facilities there are provided the highest safety requirements. Every year in Russia there are recorded up to 100 man-made accidents at the facilities of this industry, about half of which are fires. Large-scale fires occur every 6 - 8 years. But despite the high level of fire hazard of the industry it is necessary to increase production for profitability insurance. The most cost-effective way of industry development is to increase the volume of single tanks, to reduce both fire breaks to save space in farm area and technological costs. But under these conditions a fire in one of the tanks can cause a cascade fire development with spreading over the whole tank farm and adjacent area. The development and improvement of fire control equipment are carried out in parallel with the development of the industry. Fire equipment is improved, namely, there is increased the power of power plants, the level of fire protection, the productivity of pump installations and monitor nozzles. But the resource for increasing the tactical capabilities of fire divisions by improving existing equipment is almost exhausted. The main deterrent is the presence of a “human operator” who needs to be protected from the fire impact. Increasing the power and efficiency of fire extinguishing equipment imposes increased requirements for the reaction speed and accuracy of human-operator actions. The accumulated experience of fire fighting and the level of robotics development in EMERCOM of Russia allow to move to the stage of development of practical application of robots on fires, which corresponds to the general trends of science and technology development oriented to the concept “Industry 4.0.” Existing fire-fighting technologies requiring human participation in hazardous areas limit the possibility of improving the fire-fighting effectiveness. Active implementation of robotics is a necessary condition for complex development of fire safety system and industry.
If an analogue fire detector is analogue one
Authors: Здор Владимир Леонидович , Землемеров Матвей Андреевич , Семененко Наталья Викторовна
Published: June 2020

Предметом рассмотрения в статье являются термины, применяемые в системе пожарной сигнализации. Обращается внимание на несоответствие общепринятого определения термина «аналоговый пожарный извещатель» его смысловому содержанию. Это несоответствие нередко является причиной недопонимания потребителями пожарно-технической продукции особенностей аналоговых пожарных извещателей и их отличий от пороговых. Предлагается называть извещатели с функцией обработки сигнала интеллектуальными, не отказываясь в определенных случаях от использования термина «аналоговый пожарный извещатель».

The simplest fire detectors contain a sensitive element that controls a certain physical parameter of the environment, which changes when a fire occurs. When this parameter reaches the set threshold value, the detectors generate an alarm signal perceived by the control equipment (control panel). When using this algorithm, the decision to detect a fire is made by the fire detector, which is called the threshold detector. One of the significant drawbacks of such an algorithm is the inability to track the dynamics of changes in the controlled environment parameter, which often causes the fire detector to form a false signal. In the 60s and 70s of the 20th century, when digital technology was widely developed, a different fire detection algorithm was proposed. Only an analog-to-digital converter was installed in the fire detector. The real-time digitized value of the monitored parameter was broadcast in serial code to the control panel. All elements of memory and mathematical processing were part of this panel. As a result, the fire detector became, in fact, a sensor that transmits the measured readings on the control equipment, and the decision to register a fire was made not in the detector, but in the control panel. This type of fire detector is called “analogue”. The main advantage of analogue detectors was the reduction in the likelihood of a false alarm being generated by the fire alarm system. On the current level of digital technology development, the concept of «analogue fire detector» for the most part loses its meaning. The development of digital technology has led to the global miniaturization of electronic components and reduced their energy consumption. Under these conditions, the need to transmit information about the controlled factor of fire to control panel without preliminary data processing in the detector itself disappeared. Currently, the concept of “analogue” fire alarm systems in the semantic meaning of the term “analogue”, which was used at the beginning of digital technology development, has changed the meaning. Almost all modern fire detectors can be considered as threshold because they take decision on the need to generate an alarm signal transmitted to the control panel.
The Labyrinth of Genealogy: Poetry of Mehmet Karahüseyinov (1980-1990)
Authors: Siedlecka Sylwia
Published: June 2020

The article analyzes poems written by Mehmet Karahüseyinov (1945-1990) in the context of socio-political phenomena in Bulgaria of the 19980s and 1990s. In Karahüseyinov’s poetry, echoes are found of both the “Revival Process” and the “Big Excursion”, as well as of the fall of communism in Bulgaria as a point in history. Autobiographical perspective is of equal importance in the poems: in 1985, in the wake of the last stage of the “Revival Process”, the poet attempted self-immolation. This liminal experience, set in a wider context of what it means to be a representative of the Turkish minority in Bulgaria in the late socialist period, permeates all of Karahüseyinov’s poetry at the time. The article’s methodological axis is a genealogical approach as formulated by Michel Foucault, who, informed by Nietzsche’s thought, wrote of an image of the body utterly marked by history. The body is thus an area which – also in the non-figurative, material dimension – enters the gears of history and where history leaves its marks, and the scarred bodily area becomes a map of a personal and entangled genealogy.
STOCK PRICE INDEX (CSPI)IN INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE (IDX) PERIOD 2014-2018
Authors: Djamaluddin Said , Riki Ardoni  , Aty Herawati
Published: June 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of the BI rate, the dollar exchange rate, the yuan exchange rate, the Dow Jones index, the Shanghai index and world oil prices on the composite stock price index (CSPI). The data used is the period from January 2014 to December 2018 with the multiple regression analysis method. The results showed that the BI rate, Dollar Exchange, Yuan Exchange, Dow Jones, SSE Composite Index and WTI were able to explain the 91.8% effect on CSPI and the remaining 8.2% explained by other variables not examined. T test results show that partially BI interest rates, the yuan and Shanghai exchange rates do not have a significant effect on CSPI. While the dollar exchange rate, Dow Jones Index and world crude oil prices have a significant influence on the composite stock price index (CSPI) with coefficients respectively - 0.41705, +0.21245 and -7.86373. The independent variable that has the most dominant influence on CSPI is Crude Oil (WTI).
ANALYSIS OF EXPORT COMPETITIVENESS TEXTILE AND APPAREL INDONESIA, CHINA, INDIA
Authors: Susanto Bambang , Sukadwilinda
Published: June 2020

The textile and apparel industries are labor-intensive and capital-intensive industries. The focus of this research looks at the competitiveness of textiles and apparel in Indonesia, China and India. The research method used is comparative descriptive, with the Herfindahl approach, Trade Specialization, Relevealed Comparative Adventage and Constan Market Share. Herfindahl calculation shows the market structure in Indonesia, China and India in the form of perfect competition. While the Trade Specialization approach, Indian exports are more stable than Indonesia and China. The TSR approach generally shows Export Promotion. The Revealed Comparative Adventage approach, Indonesia and India show stable and stagnant results, the RCA scale shows that China has a comparative advantage and strong competitiveness. Conclusion of the research, the market structure takes the form of a perfect competition and Export Promotion. China Has comparative advantages and strong competitiveness, followed by Indonesia and India.
MODEL OF CONSUMER TRUST ON TRAVEL AGENT ONLINE: ANALYSIS OF PERCEIVED USEFULNESS AND SECURITY ON RE-PURCHASE INTERESTS (CASE STUDY TIKET.COM)
Authors: Bimaruci Hazimi , Agung Hudaya  , Hapzi Ali
Published: June 2020

Technological development is very rapid, many things are very influential with the presence of the internet, many consumers are spoiled by online shopping, with this it will make it easier for transactions between sellers and buyers. Starting from the search for goods, to make payment transactions. But with the internet, in addition to making it easier for buyers and sellers, but also creating new problems, with the convenience, it will make it easier for competitors to do the same. Competitors will more easily seize customers, and customers will also more easily go to other sellers, therefore the question arises, how to make repurchase intention occur. One business player who sees the internet as a new market share in attracting consumers is the online travel agent business. In the beginning, this travel business was only done conventionally. Then the travel business also utilizes technology in marketing activities. With this research will find out whether there is an influence between perceived usefulness, with trust, then whether there is a perceived influence on repurchase intention, and whether there is an influence of trust with repurchase intention. The sampling technique was purposive sampling. Using the Slovin formula, a sample of 100 customers was obtained, the margin of error set was 10% or 0.10. Quantitative analysis methods with SEM analysis tools and Smart PLS and SPSS tools.
Yerel Basında Kadın Çalışanların Konumu ve Sorunları: Giresun Yerel Basın Örneği
Authors: BİLECEN Nedim Serhat
Published: June 2020

Toplumsal cinsiyet ve cinsiyet ayrımcılığı kavramları, bireylerin içinde bulundukları toplumun kültürel ve sosyo-ekonomik yapısında farklı kadınlık ve erkeklik rollerinin yüklendiği tartışma alanlarıdır. Özellikle ataerkil toplumlarda kadınların yaşam ve çalışma alanı kamusal alandan soyutlanarak ev ile sınırlıdır. Bu tür toplumsal yapılarda erkek egemenliği toplumun her katmanında kendini gösterir. Medya sektörü, erkek egemen yapısıyla öne çıkan ana sektörlerden biridir. Kamuoyu oluşturma, bilgilendirme, sosyalleştirme gibi birçok işlevi olan bu sektör, demokratik yaşamın ilerlemesine katkıda bulunan en önemli kurumlardan birisidir. Bu sektör içerisinde kadın gazetecilerin konumları ve yaşadıkları sorunlar incelenmesi gereken bir unsur olarak dikkat çekmektedir. Dolayısıyla bu çalışma Giresun ili yerel basınında çalışan kadın gazetecilerin sorunlarına odaklanmaktadır. Araştırma Giresun yerel basınında çalışan kadın gazetecilerin toplumsal cinsiyet ve iş hayatındaki konumlarını ortaya çıkarmak ve yaşadıkları sorunları belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemini Giresun ilinde yayımlanan 20 yerel gazete için çalışan sarı basın kartına sahip kadın gazeteciler oluşturmaktadır. Kadın gazetecilerin demografik yapısını, mesleki faaliyetlerini ve yaşadıkları sorunları kendi ifadeleriyle ortaya koymak amacıyla çalışmada derinlemesine görüşme tekniği kullanılmıştır.
IMPACT OF TRADE OPENNESS ON ENVIRONMENT IN CHINA
Authors: Jun Wen , Mahmood Hamid , Zakaria Muhammad
Published: June 2020

The study investigates the impact of trade openness on pollution in China by applying wavelet-coherence
analysis, phase-difference technique and Breitung and Candelon (2006) causality test. The estimated results provide some dynamic
association between trade openness and pollutant variables. The results indicate that trade openness has increased pollution in
China especially after 2001 when China became member of WTO. It suggests that “pollution haven hypothesis” exists in China.
These results imply that trade openness has increased exports which has increased domestic production by increasing the scale
of industries, which in turn has increased pollution in the country. The findings of spectral domain causality test show that
trade openness causes carbon emission both in short, medium and long runs. It indicates that trade openness forecast carbon
emissions in China. The results suggest that China should take suitable measures while following trade openness policy to avoid
pollution.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons as a Source for
(N = 4–6) and C3H2 in the Interstellar Medium
Authors: Chacko Roby , Banhatti Shreyak , Barik Saroj , Aravind G.
Published: June 2020

Photoionization and dissociation of anthracene, phenanthrene, and pentacene in the multiphoton regime at 266 nm wavelength were performed.

(n = 4–6) ions were observed as fragments, and their yields as a function of laser intensity were studied. H-migration and “roaming” mechanisms leading to the formation of these fluxional ions from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are proposed. The present results show higher photostability of PAHs with bent structure and suggest PAHs in the UV regions of interstellar medium as a prominent source for

(n = 4–6).
Compact Intermediate-mass Black Hole X-Ray Binaries: Potential LISA Sources?
Authors: Chen Wen-Cong
Published: June 2020

The scientific aim of the space gravitational-wave (GW) detector Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) that was scheduled to launch in the early 2030s is to detect the low-frequency GW signals in the Galaxy. Its main candidate GW sources are compact binaries of white dwarfs and neutron stars. In this work, we examine whether compact intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) X-ray binaries could be potential LISA sources. Our simulations indicate that an IMBH binary with a 1000 M
⊙ IMBH and a 3 M
⊙ donor star in an initial orbital period near the so-called bifurcation period of 0.77 day could evolve into an ultra-compact X-ray binary, which will emit GW signals with a maximum frequency of 2.5 mHz. According to the evolutionary tracks of characteristic strain, IMBH X-ray binaries with the initial donor-star masses of 1–3 M
⊙ and the initial orbital periods slightly less than the bifurcation periods will be detectable by the LISA in a distance of 15 kpc. Assuming each of 60 Galactic globular clusters hosts a 1000 M
⊙ IMBH, the maximum number of compact IMBH X-ray binaries that LISA will detect in the Galaxy should be less than ten. Therefore, the detectability of compact IMBH X-ray binaries by the LISA is not optimistic.
Alfvén-wave-driven Magnetic Rotator Winds from Low-mass Stars. I. Rotation Dependences of Magnetic Braking and Mass-loss Rate
Authors: Shoda Munehito , Suzuki Takeru K. , Matt Sean P. , Cranmer Steven R. , Vidotto Aline A. , Strugarek Antoine , See Victor , Réville Victor , Finley Adam J. , Brun Allan Sacha
Published: June 2020

Observations of stellar rotation show that low-mass stars lose angular momentum during the main sequence. We simulate the winds of sunlike stars with a range of rotation rates, covering the fast and slow magneto-rotator regimes, including the transition between the two. We generalize an Alfvén-wave-driven solar wind model that builds on previous works by including the magneto-centrifugal force explicitly. In this model, the surface-averaged open magnetic flux is assumed to scale as

, where

and Ro are the surface open-flux filling factor and Rossby number, respectively. We find that, (1) the angular-momentum loss rate (torque) of the wind is described as

, yielding a spin-down law

. (2) The mass-loss rate saturates at

, due to the strong reflection and dissipation of Alfvén waves in the chromosphere. This indicates that the chromosphere has a strong impact in connecting the stellar surface and stellar wind. Meanwhile, the wind ram pressure scales as

, which is able to explain the lower envelope of the observed stellar winds by Wood et al. (3) The location of the Alfvén radius is shown to scale in a way that is consistent with one-dimensional analytic theory. Additionally, the precise scaling of the Alfvén radius matches previous works, which used thermally driven winds. Our results suggest that the Alfvén-wave-driven magnetic rotator wind plays a dominant role in the stellar spin-down during the main sequence.
Effect of Different Formulations and Application Methods of Coral Calcium on its Remineralization Ability on Carious Enamel
Authors: Abdelnabi Ali , Hamza Mermen Kamal , El-Borady Ola M. , Hamdy Tamer M.
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND: Coral calcium is a new biomimetic product and dietary supplement which consists mainly of alkaline calcium carbonate. AIM: The aim of the current study is to compare the remineralization effect of coral calcium in different formulations and application methods. METHODS: A total of 35 extracted molars was collected, examined, and sectioned to obtain 70 sound enamel discs, all specimens were examined for calcium mineral content using energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX) coupled with scanning electron microscope. Hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles were synthesized through wet chemical precipitation approach and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis. Teeth specimens were subjected to demineralization, and mineral content was measured, specimens were divided into ten groups according to the remineralizing agent used, where Groups 1–3 used 10, 20, and 30 weight % (wt.%) coral calcium gel, respectively, Groups 4–6 used 10, 20, and 30 wt.% coral calcium and nanohydroxyapatite mix gel, and Groups 7–9 used 10, 20, and 30 wt.% coral calcium with argon laser activation and Group 10 (control group) without a remineralizing agent. All groups were re-examined by EDAX after remineralization. RESULTS: The TEM and FT-IR analysis confirmed the formation of rod shape HA in nanoparticles size range. All groups showed a statistically significant decrease in calcium level after demineralization, all groups showed a statistically significant increase in calcium content after remineralization except for the control group. Moreover, Groups 2 and 8 showed the highest increase in calcium level after remineralization. CONCLUSION: Coral calcium showed a significant remineralizing effect on carious enamel (demineralization) with an optimum concentration of 20 wt.%.
COVID-19 in Children: A Narrative Review
Authors: Razavi Alireza , Davoodi Lotfollah , Shojaei Layla , Jafarpour Hamed
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND: In December 2019, coronavirus (CoV) disease 2019 (COVID-19) was detected in Wuhan, China, which is known as severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV 2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome [SARS]-CoV-2).
AIM: This study attempted a narrative review of the researches about COVID-19 in children.
METHODS: We searched all articles between 2000 and April 2020 in PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect related to COVID-19 in children, using the following terms: “COVID-19,” “coronavirus,” “SARS-CoV-2” in combination with “pediatrics,” or “children.”
RESULTS: The most common method of transmitting the disease to children was through close contact with family members through respiratory droplets. Coinfection is common in pediatric with COVID-19 infection. One of the most important transmission routes is oral feces. The severity of the disease was mild or asymptomatic in most children. The most common clinical symptoms were fever and cough, and gastrointestinal symptoms were more common in children than in adults. Infants and preschoolers had more severe clinical symptoms than older children. The most common radiographic findings from the lungs were bilateral ground-glass opacity. Increased procalcitonin and lactate dehydrogenase should be considered in children. The use of intravenous immunoglobulin, lopinavir/ritonavir, and oseltamivir, along with oxygen therapy, had the greatest effect on improving children’s conditions.
CONCLUSIONS: The most important way to prevent this disease in children is to follow the health tips of family members. Although the number of children with the disease is low, children are vulnerable to infection. Antiviral medications along with the use of muscle relaxants and oxygen therapy have a great impact on children’s condition.
Do we Trust the Polymerase Chain Reaction Test Result in Children to Diagnose COVID-19? A Case Report of COVID-19
Authors: Nasimfar Amir , Valizadeh Rohollah , Nanbakhsh Mohammad
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) resulted in widespread concern in global public health and has a bad prognosis despite drug therapy.
CASE REPORT: The patient was an 11-year-old girl referred to a children hospital with a dry cough, fever, and headache symptoms, without comorbidity. She was hospitalized following the results of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). The patient was treated with ceftriaxone 1 g every 12 h and the oseltamivir capsule 45 mg every 12 h and azithromycin 250 mg tablet once daily and 200 mg hydroxychloroquine tablet every 12 h for a total of 5 days. After 5 days, the patient had suitable chest status and then was discharged. Azithromycin for 5 days and hydroxychloroquine for 10 days were prescribed for the patient to take at home. The patient’s polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was negative at baseline through the nasopharyngeal swap, but HRCT of the patient’s was completely consistent with COVID-19 accompanied by consolidation and ground-glass opacity in the left lower and right upper lobes.
CONCLUSION: The numerous technical errors in taking the nasopharyngeal swap were the main reasons for the negative PCR. The main lesson from this case report is the high sensitivity and specificity of HRCT compared to the PCR.
Simultaneous detection of native and invasive crayfish and Aphanomyces astaci from environmental DNA samples in a wide range of habitats in Central Europe
Authors: Rusch Johannes C. , Mojžišová Michaela , Strand David A. , Svobodová Jitka , Vrålstad Trude , Petrusek Adam
Published: June 2020

Crayfish of North American origin are amongst the most prominent high-impact invasive invertebrates in European freshwaters. They contribute to the decline of European native crayfish species by spreading the pathogen causing crayfish plague, the oomyceteAphanomyces astaci. In this study we validated the specificity of four quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays, either published or newly developed, usable for environmental DNA (eDNA) screening for widely distributed native and non-native crayfish present in Central Europe:Astacus astacus,Pacifastacus leniusculus,Faxonius limosusandProcambarus virginalis. We then conducted an eDNA monitoring survey of these crayfish as well as the crayfish plague pathogen in a wide variety of habitat types representative for Central and Western Europe. The specificity of qPCR assays was validated against an extensive collection of crayfish DNA isolates, containing most crayfish species documented from European waters. The three assays developed in this study were sufficiently species-specific, but the published assay forF. limosusdisplayed a weak cross-reaction with multiple other crayfish species of the family Cambaridae. In the field study, we infrequently detected eDNA ofA. astacitogether with the three non-native crayfish species under examination. We never detected eDNA fromA. astacitogether with native crayfish, but in a few locations eDNA from both native and non-native crayfish was captured, due either to passive transport of eDNA from upstream populations or co-existence in the absence of infected crayfish carriers ofA. astaci. In the study, we evaluated a robust, easy-to-use and low-cost version of the eDNA sampling equipment, based mostly on items readily available in garden stores and hobby markets, for filtering relatively large (~5 l) water samples. It performed just as well as the far more expensive equipment industrially designed for eDNA water sampling, thus opening the possibility of collecting suitable eDNA samples to a wide range of stakeholders. Overall, our study confirms that eDNA-based screening for crayfish and their associated pathogen is a feasible alternative to traditional monitoring.
Effects of various types of reflectors on the 99Mo production in the VVER-Ts reactor targets
Authors: Kochnov Oleg Yu. , Danilov Pavel A.
Published: June 2020

The effects from introducing various types of reflectors in the VVR-Ts reactor core on the 99Мо production were analyzed. Earlier the effects of only the beryllium reflector on the VVR-Ts reactor core characteristics, such as reactivity margin, neutron flux in experimental channels, and activity of the accumulated 99Мо, were calculated. The calculations are based on a generated precision model of the core which comprises one experimental channel where targets are irradiated for the 99Мо production. The model was built using the SCALE code. The code allows a fairly broad range of calculations to be performed, from criticality estimation to radiological assessment tasks. As the result of the computational analysis of the model, such characteristics were obtained as the effective multiplication factor, the power density in the 99Мо production targets, the neutron flux in the target raw material, and the quantity of the produced 99Мо after 120 hours of irradiation. The data was compared with the results of similar calculations of the VVR-Ts reactor core parameters. Further, the list of the materials used extensively as the reactor core reflector or moderator was formed based on reference literature. A number of models were obtained and analyzed on its basis, in which the water space on the core periphery was substituted for the investigated materials.
The results of studies on the extension of methodological capabilities of determining physico-chemical conditions of lead-based liquid-metal coolants
Authors: Salaev Sergey V. , Askhadullin Radomir Sh. , Ivanov Konstantin D. , Legkikh Alexandr Yu. , Niyazov Said-Ali S.
Published: June 2020

The authors consider examples of using the thermal cycling method for heavy lead- and lead-bismuth-based coolants with simultaneous measurement of the thermodynamic activity (TDA) parameter of oxygen impurities. In these experiments, structural EI852 and EP823 ferritic-martensitic steels as well as EP302 austenitic steel were used as sources of iron impurities.

As a result of the experiments, it was found that iron oxides previously formed in the coolant, as such or in the form of an oxide film on the structural steels, are not inert phases in heavy coolants, but can exchange iron and oxygen with the melt. The nature of this exchange depends both on the actual coolant impurity state and on external conditions, including, first of all, temperature.

The experimental data obtained by thermal cycling of lead- and lead-bismuth coolants were analyzed both in the region of relatively high oxygen TDA values close to the oxygen saturation concentration and in the region of sufficiently low values of this parameter close to the saturation concentration of iron impurities.

It is concluded that the proposed coolant thermal cycling method is informationally significant and can be recommended for further use, for example, to obtain quantitative data on the content of iron impurities in the coolant.
Le Jubilé de la NRT à Bruxelles. Faire connaître Celui qui fait toutes choses nouvelles !
Authors: Massie Alban
Published: June 2020

La Nouvelle revue théologique organisait son colloque jubilaire à Bruxelles, les 10 et 11 novembre 2019. Occasion de se souvenir du chemin parcouru par la revue dans l’histoire de la théologie et de comprendre à nouveaux frais comment les quatre sens de l’Écriture façonnent encore la réflexion théologique.
L’immensité de la mort
Authors: Chapelle Albert
Published: June 2020

En 1991 fut organisé un séminaire consacré à « la mort aujourd’hui » dans le cadre de l’Institut d’études théologiques à Bruxelles. Albert Chapelle y présentait une réflexion sur la mort du point de vue d’une phénoménologie théologique, eu égard au péché, à l’infini, à la miséricorde, à la surabondance de la paternité divine.
Pourquoi aimons-nous les séries télévisées ? Une exégèse selon les quatre sens de l’Écriture
Authors: Ide Pascal
Published: June 2020

Comment comprendre l’engouement massif pour les séries télévisées, notamment fantastiques ? L’article propose de l’expliquer par le fait que, loin d’être seulement distractives, elles font appel analogiquement aux quatre sens de l’Écriture. Pour le montrer, l’A. parcourt les sens littéral, allégorique, tropologique et anagogique, en les illustrant d’exemples tirés des séries.
Richesse et pauvreté de l’être comme amour. Ferdinand Ulrich (1931-2020), un veilleur de l’esprit
Authors: von Jagwitz-Biegnitz Leopold , Tourpe Emmanuel
Published: June 2020

Ferdinand Ulrich (1931-2020) est l’un des plus grands philosophes catholiques allemands du xx e  siècle. Sa réflexion, enracinée dans les écrits augustiniens et thomistes, propose une puissante ontologie de l’amour et de la liberté. Cette pensée encore peu connue mérite une attention particulière par sa capacité à renouveler la métaphysique chrétienne à partir du sens de la donation.
La socialisation des salariés par leurs relations au travail. Une étude de cas en contexte camerounais
Authors: Kamning Pascaline T. , Nkakleu Raphaël , Plane Jean-Michel
Published: June 2020

L’objectif de cette recherche est de comprendre le rôle de l’approche relationnelle dans la socialisation organisationnelle de nouveaux salariés et ses conséquences. De ce fait, nous avons emprunté une démarche qualitative fondée sur une étude de cas unique. Les résultats révèlent que : i) les agents socialisateurs jouent un rôle important dans l’adaptation des nouveaux salariés ii) la réciprocité des échanges intra ou hors travail conduit à l’apprentissage du travail et à l’intégration sociale. iii) une faible proportion de nouveaux salariés se distingue par le manque d’accompagnement qui débouche sur les difficultés de socialisation (rétrogradation, souffrance au travail, stress).
Comment un manager peut-il faire réussir un collaborateur en situation d’échec ?
Authors: Estay Christophe , Lakshman Chandrashekhar , Bompar Laurent , Yanat Zahir
Published: June 2020

La mission d’un manager est de garantir l’atteinte des objectifs de l’équipe qu’il encadre. Ce résultat global provient des performances individuelles de chacun de ses collaborateurs. Pour asseoir durablement son leadership, l’encadrant doit parvenir à ce que tous réussissent. Gérer une situation d’échec est prioritaire pour le leader. Le diagnostic causal est fondamental pour renouer avec les performances. Dans la pratique, ce diagnostic est souvent négligé. Une étude quantitative renforce nos réflexions et nous permet de produire des recommandations opérationnelles pour les managers soucieux de faire réussir un collaborateur. Le diagnostic multi-causal est la pierre angulaire de l’action managériale.
La implicación de las frutas y hortalizas en las toxiinfecciones alimentarias y la relevancia del estado fisiológico de las bacterias
Authors: Truchado Pilar , Allende Ana
Published: June 2020

Las frutas y hortalizas han sido siempre noticia debido principalmente a sus propiedades beneficiosas para la salud. Sin embargo, cada vez más ocupan titulares debido a su implicación en toxiinfecciones alimentarias. Por este motivo, desde 2008, las frutas y hortalizas frescas son consideradas por muchos organismos internacionales como un alimento de riesgo. Uno de los principales problemas microbiológicos de las hortalizas de hojas son las bacte­rias entéricas que pueden adherirse rápidamente al tejido durante el cultivo, coexistir con las bacterias epífitas y persistir por largos periodos de tiempo. La prevalencia de microorganismos patógenos en las frutas y hortalizas es baja ( < 1%) y la cuantificación de las bac­terias patógenas o de microorganismos indicadores generalmente muestra niveles muy bajos, lo que no justificaría el elevado número de alertas microbiológicas asociadas a este tipo de productos. Sin embargo, existen dudas sobre si los recuentos obtenidos utilizan­do las técnicas convencionales son capaces de reflejar realmente todos los microorganismos presentes en el producto vegetal, así como en el agua de riego y en el suelo. Varios estudios han demos­trado que cuando las bacterias son sometidas a distintos factores de estrés entran en un estado temporal de baja actividad metabóli­ca en el cual las células pueden persistir durante largos periodos de tiempo sin división celular, llamado estado de latencia o viable pero no cultivable (VBNC). La relevancia que el estado fisiológico de las bacterias puede tener en el desarrollo de toxiinfecciones alimenta­rias causadas por las frutas y hortalizas es un tema de gran interés que está atrayendo más y más la atención de los investigadores.
Evaluating the Management Information System of Integrated Medical Emergency Care in Batang Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Sulistiadi Wahyu , Nurhidayah Siti , Asyary Al
Published: June 2020

An emergency can happen anywhere and anytime, especially in developing countries with a high potential for emergencies, such as Eastern European countries as well as Indonesia. This study aimed to find out the quality of PSC 119 Si Slamet as a prehospital emergency service innovation. The data collection in this study was carried out in a location, namely, Batang Regency, Indonesia, in May–June 2018. The qualitative data collection methods used in this study are in-depth interviews and document reviews. This study was using Service Quality (Servqual) questionnaire. The results show that PSC 119 Si Slamet provides easy access to emergency services to the community 24 hours a day and 7 days a week by simply calling 119 numbers, sending messages via SMS and WhatsApp, or using the Android-based application, with a maximum response time target of 10 minutes. Batang is one of the regencies (rural area) in Central Java province, located on the main coastline, with a hilly geographic condition with many derivatives, climbs, and sharp curves, which is one of the causes of the high number of traffic accidents in the area. This emergency care information systems, with Android-based application, was aimed at improving the quality of services in the health sector, especially emergency services. This service is of good quality as seen from the tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy dimensions. However, in the implementation, the socialization aspect is not the best to some people. The recommendation given was the need to increase the PSC 119 socialization of Si Slamet not only regionally but also internationally to be massive, especially in developing countries.
Vulnérabilité et résilience face au mariage précoce. Solutions adaptatives et coping des jeunes paysannes maliennes
Authors: Bouju Jacky
Published: June 2020

Cet article revisite la notion de vulnérabilité sociale et son rapport à la résilience. Après avoir donné un bref aperçu des définitions de base des concepts de vulnérabilité et de résilience et souligné les différences irréductibles qui les distinguent, nous critiquons l’incapacité de la notion de résilience à appréhender les logiques sociales et tout particulièrement l’autonomie et l’agentivité des individus. Ayant choisi d’aborder la problématique de la résilience sociale en termes de « coping » et de « solution adaptative », nous l’appliquons dans la seconde partie de l’article à l’analyse de la trajectoire de reconstruction sociale des jeunes filles maliennes en situation de migration urbaine pour « chercher la dot ». Les aléas de la vie urbaine les entraînent souvent dans un processus de désaffiliation sociale pouvant les conduire à l’exclusion de leur famille et du village. Contraintes de se débrouiller seules en ville, elles adoptent des solutions adaptatives qui leur permettent de se reconstruire malgré les nouveaux risques encourus.
La microfinance en Tanzanie. Le cas des VICOBA sur le mont Meru
Authors: Baroin Catherine
Published: June 2020

Une nouvelle forme de microfinance s’est développée rapidement en Tanzanie, à partir de 2002, sous le nom de VICOBA (Village Community Banks). Cette forme de microfinance se base sur une expérimentation que l’ONG CARE a mise en œuvre au Niger, en 1991, qui a été ensuite adaptée et diffusée dans plusieurs pays, dont la Tanzanie, en s’affranchissant progressivement de l’ancrage institutionnel initial. À l’occasion de nos dernières enquêtes chez les Rwa du mont Meru en Tanzanie du Nord, en 2014, nous avons observé le fonctionnement de plusieurs VICOBA. Cet article se propose donc de documenter de manière empirique les effets de cette nouvelle forme de microfinance au niveau local tout en analysant ses forces et ses faiblesses. Nous présentons dans un premier temps les structures de la société rwa (organisation clanique patrilinéaire, chefferie centralisée et système d’âge), puis les autres formes de microfinance qui sont disponibles localement. Nous décrivons ensuite le mode de fonctionnement des VICOBA et essayons de dégager les conditions de leur succès ou de leur échec.
À propos de Koch & Oesterreicher. Une distance anthropologique
Authors: Privat Jean-Marie
Published: June 2020

Une attention critique au modèle communicationnel désormais classique proposé naguère par P. Koch et W. Oesterreicher conduit en partie notre analyse à s’inscrire en faux contre une forme de réductionnisme anthropologique. Non seulement on peut dire avec Benveniste que l’homme est dans le langage et dans la langue mais non moins avec Merleau-Ponty que le langage et la langue sont dans l’homme. Nous proposons un point de vue critique sur les conceptions ingéniériques de la communication verbale et sur la faible prise en compte des usages historiques et culturels des praxis langagières pour nous intéresser enfin – toujours du point de vue d’une anthropologie linguistique du symbolique – aux problèmes de la proximité et de la distance dans la diversité des échanges sémio-linguistiques.