bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring climate change on Twitter using seven aspects: Stance, sentiment, aggressiveness, temperature, gender, topics, and disasters
Authors: Effrosynidis Dimitrios , Sylaios Georgios , Arampatzis Avi
Published: September 2022

How do climate change deniers differ from believers? Is there any correlation between human sentiment and deviations from historic temperature? We answer nine such questions using 13 years of Twitter data and 15 million tweets. Seven aspects are explored, namely, user gender, climate change stance and sentiment, aggressiveness, deviations from historic temperature, topics discussed, and environmental disaster events. We found that: a) climate change deniers use the term global warming much often than believers and use aggressive language, while believers tweet more about taking actions to fight the phenomenon, b) deniers are more present in the American Region, South Africa, Japan, and Eastern China and less present in Europe, India, and Central Africa, c) people connect much more the warm temperatures with man-made climate change than cold temperatures, d) the same regions that had more climate change deniers also tweet with negative sentiment, e) a positive correlation is observed between human sentiment and deviations from historic temperature; when the deviation is between −1.143°C and +2.401°C, people tweet the most positive, f) there exist 90% correlation between sentiment and stance, and -94% correlation between sentiment and aggressiveness, g) no clear patterns are observed to correlate sentiment and stance with disaster events based on total deaths, number of affected, and damage costs, h) topics discussed on Twitter indicate that climate change is a politicized issue and people are expressing their concerns especially when witnessing extreme weather; the global stance could be considered optimistic, as there are many discussions that point out the importance of human intervention to fight climate change and actions are being taken through events to raise the awareness of this phenomenon.
Linking gait mechanics with perceived quality of life and participation after stroke
Authors: Rowland David M. , Lewek Michael D.
Published: September 2022

Background

Individuals with hemiparesis following stroke often experience a decline in the paretic limb’s anteriorly directed ground reaction force during walking (i.e., limb propulsive force). Gait speed and walking capacity have been independently associated with paretic limb propulsion, quality of life, and participation in people with stroke. However, it is unclear as to the extent that underlying limb mechanics (i.e., propulsion) play in influencing perceptions of quality of life and participation. We therefore sought to determine the role of limb propulsion during gait on the perception of quality of life and participation in people following stroke.

Methods

This study is a secondary analysis of individuals involved in a gait retraining randomized control trial. Gait speed, walking capacity, limb propulsion, Stroke Impact Scale, and average daily step counts were assessed prior to and following 6 weeks of training. The pre-training data from 40 individuals were analyzed cross-sectionally using Pearson and Spearman correlations, to evaluate the potential relationship between limb propulsion (ratio of paretic limb propulsion to total propulsion) with gait speed, gait capacity, perceived quality of life domains, and average daily step counts. Partial correlations were used to control for gait speed. Thirty-one individuals were assessed longitudinally for the same relationships.

Results

We observed a training effect for gait speed, walking capacity, and some quality of life measures. However, after controlling for gait speed, we observed no significant (p≤0.05) correlations in the cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses.

Significance

After controlling for the influence of gait speed, paretic limb propulsion is not directly related to perceived quality of life or participation. Although limb propulsion may not have a direct effect on participant’s perceived quality of life, it appears to be an important factor to enhance gait performance, and therefore may be important to target in rehabilitation, when feasible.
Liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry metabolomics: A useful tool for investigating tumor secretome based on a three-dimensional co-culture model
Authors: Pelosi Andrea C. , Fernandes Anna Maria A. P. , Maciel Leonardo F. , Silva Alex A. R. , Mendes Giulia C. , Bueno Luísa F. , Silva Lívia Maria F. , Bredariol Rafael F. , Santana Maycon G. , Porcari Andreia M. , Priolli Denise G.
Published: September 2022

Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture technologies, which more closely mimic the complex microenvironment of tissue, are being increasingly evaluated as a tool for the preclinical screening of clinically promising new molecules, and studying of tissue metabolism. Studies of metabolites released into the extracellular space (secretome) allow understanding the metabolic dynamics of tissues and changes caused by therapeutic interventions. Although quite advanced in the field of proteomics, studies on the secretome of low molecular weight metabolites (< 1500 Da) are still very scarce. We present an untargeted metabolomic protocol based on the hybrid technique of liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry for the analysis of low-molecular-weight metabolites released into the culture medium by 3D cultures and co-culture (secretome model). For that we analyzed HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in 3D-monoculture and 3D-co-culture. The putative identification of the metabolites indicated a sort of metabolites, among them arachidonic acid, glyceric acid, docosapentaenoic acid and beta-Alanine which are related to cancer and obesity. This protocol represents a possibility to list metabolites released in the extracellular environment in a comprehensive and untargeted manner, opening the way for the generation of metabolic hypotheses that will certainly contribute to the understanding of tissue metabolism, tissue-tissue interactions, and metabolic responses to the most varied interventions. Moreover, it brings the potential to determine novel pathways and accurately identify biomarkers in cancer and other diseases. The metabolites indicated in our study have a close relationship with the tumor microenvironment in accordance with the literature review.
Enhanced cognitive performance after multiple adaptations to visuomotor transformations
Authors: Schmitz Gerd
Published: September 2022

Several studies reported that adaptation to a visuomotor transformation correlates with the performance in cognitive performance tests. However, it is unclear whether there is a causal relationship between sensorimotor adaptation and cognitive performance. The present study examined whether repeated adaptations to double steps and rotated feedback increase cognitive performance assessed by neuropsychological tests in a pre-post design. The participants of the intervention group adapted in 24 sessions their hand movements to visuomotor transformations with increasing size. Pre-post changes were significantly larger in the intervention group than in a control group without training. This result suggests a causal relationship between sensorimotor adaptation training and cognitive performance.
Epigenetic analysis in placentas from sickle cell disease patients reveals a hypermethylation profile
Authors: Gil Gislene Pereira , Ananina Galina , Maschietto Mariana , Lima Sheila Coelho Soares , da Silva Costa Sueli Matilde , Baptista Leticia de Carvalho , Ito Mirta Tomie , Costa Fernando Ferreira , Costa Maria Laura , de Melo Mônica Barbosa
Published: September 2022

Pregnancy in Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) women is associated to increased risk of clinical and obstetrical complications. Placentas from SCD pregnancies can present increased abnormal findings, which may lead to placental insufficiency, favoring adverse perinatal outcome. These placental abnormalities are well known and reported, however little is known about the molecular mechanisms, such as epigenetics. Thus, our aim was to evaluate the DNA methylation profile in placentas from women with SCD (HbSS and HbSC genotypes), compared to uncomplicated controls (HbAA). We included in this study 11 pregnant women with HbSS, 11 with HbSC and 21 with HbAA genotypes. Illumina Methylation EPIC BeadChip was used to assess the whole placental DNA methylation. Pyrosequencing was used for array data validation and qRT-PCR was applied for gene expression analysis. Our results showed high frequency of hypermethylated CpGs sites in HbSS and HbSC groups with 73.5% and 76.2% respectively, when compared with the control group. Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) also showed an increased hypermethylation status for the HbSS (89%) and HbSC (86%) groups, when compared with the control group methylation data. DMRs were selected for methylation validation (4 DMRs-HbSS and 3 DMRs the HbSC groups) and after analyses three were validated in the HbSS group, and none in the HbSC group. The gene expression analysis showed differential expression for thePTGFR(-2.97-fold) andGPR56(3.0-fold) genes in the HbSS group, and for theSPOCK1(-2.40-fold) andADCY4(1.80-fold) genes in the HbSC group. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that SCD (HbSS and HbSC genotypes) can alter placental DNA methylation and lead to gene expression changes. These changes possibly contribute to abnormal placental development and could impact in the clinical course, especially for the fetus, possibly leading to increased risk of abortion, fetal growth restriction (FGR), stillbirth, small for gestational age newborns and prematurity.
Risk factors affecting cataract surgery outcome: The Malaysian cataract surgery registry
Authors: Yong Geng-Yi , Mohamed-Noor Jelinar , Salowi Mohamad Aziz , Adnan Tassha Hilda , Zahari Mimiwati
Published: September 2022

This is a 5 years multicentre database study that recruited subjects from the Malaysian Ministry of Health Cataract Surgery Registry (MOH CSR), aimed to determine risk factors that affect cataract surgery visual outcome and evaluates post-cataract surgery vision. All age-related cataract surgeries with primary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation were included. Cases with secondary cataract, previous ocular surgeries and incomplete data were excluded. A total of 131425 cases were included in the study. Amongst all types of cataract surgery, 92.9% attained post-operative best-corrected visual acuity better than 6/18 and the outcome improved to 97.1% when ocular comorbidities were excluded. Factors with Odds Ratio (OR) >1.5 associated with an impaired visual outcome included: elderly patients of 80 years old and above; systemic disease such as renal failure; ocular co-morbidities; pre-operative vision worse than 6/60; general anaesthesia, retrobulbar anaesthesia or subconjunctival anaesthesia; extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE), intracapsular cataract extraction (ICCE), anterior chamber intraocular lens (ACIOL) implantation or combined cataract surgery; the presence of intra- and post-operative complications. In conclusion, a good visual outcome was achieved after cataract surgery in most cases. This large multicentre study provides information about risk factors for poor visual outcome post-cataract surgery and may serve as a basis for evidence-based guidelines.
Ways we are connected to the world: Craft and/or science?
Authors: Molander Bengt
Published: September 2022

Craft research is becoming an established, but sometimes also controversial, part of the international academic community. Consequently, it is a science in the socially accepted sense. However, as the experience from Sweden shows, there are also doubts about whether craft research is yet to be considered as a full-blown science, because it has not yet reached a ‘theoretical level’. In this article, I focus on the notion of science in order to find meeting points between the methodological and the epistemological aspects of the sciences and the crafts, that is the human aspects of the sciences and the crafts. In particular, I want to throw light on the human aspects of theories, with reference to Thomas Kuhn’s ideas of normal science. A main point is that ‘theories’ may be expressed in and by practices, not only by words, but that we should not ask if a theory is expressed in words or practices or in other ways. I argue that the most important entrance to the understanding of the notions of science, craft and theory is through the notion of communities of mutual learning, which cannot grow and develop without both agreements and disagreements, sometimes perhaps unsolvable disagreements. However, ‘unsolvable’ is not a final stop, but rather a point of departure for further, or other, questions.
Lace legacies: How partnerships enhance understanding of craft and heritage
Authors: Briggs-Goode Amanda , Outtram Tonya , Dean Deborah
Published: September 2022

Nottingham was once the centre of a global lace industry employing tens of thousands of people in its manufacture. Therefore, its slow decline and sudden demise in the early years of the twenty-first century impacted upon both the sense of identity of the citizens who were involved in its success and those who enjoyed its resonance. The cultural venues whose collections celebrated this once powerful industry closed and their collections were rendered invisible. This amplified the sense of being bereft of both individual and regional identity, but also the cohesion it brought to the city. It is within this context that we share a number of collaborations between cultural, educational, community and business partners to begin to address this sense of loss, to improve the visibility and legacy of Nottingham lace and continue to tell its story with renewed vigour and through the voices of those who worked within it. Through two funded projects Lace Unravelled and Textile Tales, we provide testimony from those still involved in lace production, now reduced to less than a 100 people, and from former lace workers. These current and former employees reflect upon the values implicit within lace manufacture, then and now, of skill, craft and a pride in work.
The relationship between the sources of innovation and types of innovation in industry
Authors: Marques João Paulo Coelho , Diogo Sérgio Vieira
Published: September 2022

This article aims to understand the relationship between the sources of innovation and types of innovation in industry. The study was carried out in a multinational car components company and explores the effects of internal and external sources of innovation on the generation of product/process and radical/incremental innovations. Data were obtained via a questionnaire and processed by qualitative and quantitative methods. The characterization of the company and its research and development (R&D) projects disclosed the importance of continuous improvement, where the involvement of senior management, the high percentage of R&D and the number of innovation projects are indicators of a company with a strong innovative culture. The results showed that higher education was the most significant source of innovation in projects where only process innovation was a factor. Furthermore, knowledge generated by collaboration with affiliated companies was associated with the introduction of product-only innovations. As for the degree of novelty, the results indicate that the introduction of radical innovations is not determined at the external level by customers.
Socio-economic well-being of rural women in Dehradun district: An investigative method
Authors: Kaushik Bhavana , Ahuja Neelu Jyothi , Kumar Manoj
Published: September 2022

In India, like other developing countries, rural women make generous contributions to the nation’s economy by earning directly or saving money indirectly. This study aims to explore rural women’s economic freedom and socio-economic well-being through various indicators like financial liberty, mobility freedom, family affairs, self-esteem and ownership-related factors. An investigation, in both a qualitative and a quantitative manner, was undertaken. For this purpose, the identification of women from four rural areas of Dehradun district – Mazri Grant, Dhakrani, Chharba and Misraspatti – for data collection and survey was done. A total of 848 women responded to the survey conducted using a combination of random and purposive sampling techniques by being in touch with the pradhan of a particular village. Forty-one per cent of respondents belong to the 18–24 age group category. About 55.2 per cent of respondents were involved in economic activities like farming, stitching, weaving, handicraft, service and nursing and caring. Of that 55.2 per cent, 84.9 per cent women are agreeing to have financial liberty at home. This investigative study reveals a positive relationship between financial liberties and working women, as well as a positive correlation (0.151) between rural women’s interest in art-craft work and mobility freedom. Women inclining towards art-craft have a high self-esteem, which promotes sustainability in their lives through art-craft workmanship. The study’s goals are to identify the rural women’s economic status through identified indicators and to offer recommendation keeping in purview the women’s demography, educational qualifications and available government schemes.
Estudio de calidad de vida y comportamiento adaptativo en niños y adolescentes con discapacidad intelectual
Authors: Santander Paola , Cárdenas Alejandra , Troncoso Mónica , Pedemonte María José , Yáñez Carolina , López Claudia , Guajardo Karen , Lagos Paola , Silva Carolina , Neves Macarena , Cifuentes Diego , Gallegos Sebastián
Published: September 2022

Introducción: Los niños y adolescentes con discapacidad intelectual (DI) requieren de evaluaciones cognitivas, adaptativas y de calidad de vida (CV) con el fin de programar estrategias integrales de intervención basadas en sus necesidades. El objetivo de este estudio es describir CV, comportamiento adaptativo y cognición en una serie de niños y adolescentes con DI. Método: Se estudiaron 28 pacientes entre 6 a 18 años con escala de CV, evaluaciones cognitivas y comportamiento adaptativo. Resultados: En escala de CV se obtuvo una puntuación promedio, rango percentil 45-50, con menor puntaje en dimensiones de desarrollo personal, relaciones interpersonales e inclusión social. En escala de comportamiento adaptativo la mayoría de los pacientes presentaron nivel adaptativo bajo, sus dominios más afectados fueron comunicación y socialización. Al relacionar CV, comportamiento adaptativo y cognición se encontró una correlación significativa entre función adaptativa general y cognición (r = ,74, p < ,01) y entre función adaptativa e índice de calidad de vida (r = ,63, p < ,01). Conclusiones: En nuestra serie de niños y adolescentes con DI se relaciona un menor comportamiento adaptativo con menor CV y menor cognición. Inclusión social, desarrollo personal y relaciones interpersonales, así como socialización y comunicación, son las líneas a considerar como planes de intervención.
THE KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE TOWARDS SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AMONG MOGADISHU RESIDENTS - SOMALIA
Authors: Isak Mr.Abdirashid Adam
Published: September 2022

This research we proposed the knowledge, attitude and practice towards solid waste management among Mogadishu residents â€“ Somalia. Solid waste management is one of the major challenges faced by many countries around the globe. Inadequate collection, recycling or treatment and uncontrolled disposal of waste in dumps can lead to severe hazards, such as health risks and environmental pollution. Similarly there is problem in Africa. Africa is facing a growing waste management crisis. While the volumes of waste generated in Africa are relatively small, compared to developed regions, the mismanagement of waste in Africa is already impacting human and environmental health. Specially in Somalia show that solid waste management is a growing crisis that engulfs all urban centers within the country, because of a turbulent history, especially over the last quarter century. The purpose of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of recycling solid waste management in Banadir region, Mogadishu â€“ Somalia. However, this study is used quantitative approach conducted in Shebelle campus, Km4 campus and Gaheyr campus in Mogadishu Somalia. The numbers of students in all faculties from batch five to batch eight are 4,467 Students and the sample size will be 367. Findings of the study Knowledge level of the Majority of respondent 330 (89.2%) were have knowledge. While the most respondents 134 (36.5%) were finding over TV. The relationship between the knowledge, attitude and practice was significantly positive as the respondents majorities have said. This study is significant for staff and students by Increasing their safety and health, Reducing and eliminating adverse impacts of solid waste materials on human health and the environment surrounded. Finally recommend to be aware that improper waste disposal is a threat to environment.
Influence of storage time on the useful properties of silicone pressure-sensitive adhesives
Authors: Antosik Adrian Krzysztof , Mozelewska Karolina
Published: September 2022

The influence of the storage time on the useful properties (cohesion, adhesion, stickiness) of silicone pressure-sensitive tapes (Si-PSA) was investigated. Two types of silicone resins PSA 529 and PSA 590 (Momentive, USA) were used and crosslinked with bis (2,4-dichlorobenzoyl) peroxide (DClBPO). There was no significant effect of tapes long-term storage (7 years) on their properties. The tapes based on PSA 590 resin were more resistant to aging than PSA 529.
The development of primary teacher education at the Institute of Education (London), 1977–1986
Authors: Davis Rosemary G
Published: September 2022

This article expands on Aldrich and Woodin’s contributions on the development of primary teacher education at IOE (Institute of Education), UCL’s Faculty of Education and Society (University College London, UK). It focuses on the Primary Postgraduate Certificate of Education (PGCE); the years before it began and its development between 1977 and 1986. Relevant literature and first-hand accounts provide background and progress. Events leading to the establishment of the Primary PGCE at IOE are discussed, before describing the course itself with its vicissitudes and progress, and internal and external politics. Changes in emphasis and structure are reviewed, together with the influences of central government and its education departments. Demographics of population decline and growth are relevant to the progress of the Primary PGCE, which grew numerically and in stature. Key organisational and structural developments of the Primary PGCE are discussed. It will be seen how the IOE itself and Early Years and Primary courses, with its staff, influence policy and practice, internally and externally. The article concludes that the primary initial teacher education remains unfinished business.
Influence of Work-Family Conflict and Organizational Climate in Managing Work Stress
Authors: Rahman Reezlin Bin , Isa Zainab Binti , Aznan Dan Eni Binti
Published: September 2022

Stress management requires good management to deal with it. A person's ability to manage stress when facing stress requires a skill. Work environment conditions and work-family conflicts require person learn to deal with the stress. This study aims  to see to what extent Work Family conflict and Organizational Climate influence Stress Management. The study conducted on 35 respondents at a Technical and Vocational Education institution through quantitative data collection as a case study is to find out what factors influence in managing the stress of the staff. Data analysis is using SPSS have found interesting findings. The results of the study based on objectives have shown that work-family conflict affects stress management more compared to organizational climate affecting stress management.
Analysis of Irrigated Crops in Regions with Overexploited Water Sources: Case Aguascalientes, Ags, Mexico
Authors: Ledesma-Carrión Dora Elena
Published: September 2022

There are few crop options for arid and semi-arid soils with annual rainfall of less than five hundred millimeters. Irrigated crops are supplied by rivers, dams, and aquifers. Due to climate change, rainfall has significantly changed its start of the season, frequency, and intensity. This causes problems in the recharge of aquifers and intensive extraction of water, putting the availability of the liquid in check to ensure the total development of the crop. What are the crops that should be replaced by more suitable ones? Which plants should no longer be cultivated? To answer these questions, optimization techniques and cross elasticities were applied, maximizing the value of production subject to the minimum water requirements that ensure the total development of the crop. Some perennial crops showed that they could be replaced, and other seasonal ones should not be cultivated in the coming years. The study was done at the regional level given the access to public and free information.
Supply chain coordination based on the probability optimization of target profit
Authors: Jian M. , Liu T. , Hayrutdinov S. , Fu H.
Published: September 2022

Supply chain management decision-making study mainly based on the expected utility theory and most of the studies are obtaining the average values in the statistical sense. For Supply Chain (SC) decision-making individuals the statistical-based optimal profitability brings decision conflicts in the particular market within a specific period. Moreover, the small and medium outsourcing participants face unexpected outcomes which are the main cause of SCs disruption. This study proposes a contractual coordination model that maximizes the probability of a pre-determined Profit Target (PT). The purpose of this paper is to reduce the influence of demand uncertainty with the high risk of unexpected outcomes. We constructed the Revenue Sharing (RS) and buyback contract models within the SC participants’ PT conditions and then discussed the SC overall performance. We simulated and analyzed the coordination conditions and the decision-making preferences of SC participants under the two contracts. From the comparison, under the PT strategy, the retailer is more willing to adopt the RS contract rather than the buyback contract. But the SC upstream supplier's contract selection decision depends on the specific contract parameters. Finally, numerical results indicated the contract selection decisions with the given PT of both SC participants.
A bi-objective optimization of airport ferry vehicle scheduling based on heuristic algorithm: A real data case study
Authors: Han X. , Zhao P.X. , Kong D.X.
Published: September 2022

The optimization of ferry vehicle scheduling is the key factor to improve the punctuality of flights and passenger satisfaction at airports. Based on the airport reality, a bi-objective mixed integer linear programming model for airport ferry vehicle scheduling is proposed in this paper, in which the first objective is to minimize the number of vehicles used, and the second objective is to minimize the maximum number of flights per ferry vehicle serving under the constraint that the first objective takes the optimal value. For the optimization model of the second objective, this paper designs three heuristic algorithms: strict equalization algorithm, relaxed equalization algorithm and transplantation algorithm, and integrates them into a main algorithm. The actual flight data of Beijing Capital International Airport are used for numerical examples, and all the examples tested can obtain the exact solution or high-quality approximate solution using the designed algorithm, which verifies the effectiveness of the algorithm. This study can be used to inform decisions on the efficient and balanced use of airport ferry vehicles. Despite the system presented in the paper is designed for airport, it can be applied to solve similar vehicle scheduling problems.
Optimization of satellite resource scheduling under regional target coverage conditions
Authors: Liu Kaixi , Wang Yajie , Zhang Baohui , Liu Hu , Wang Xu , Wei Bin
Published: September 2022

This study presented a mathematical description of an arbitrary shape area, and after analyzing the characteristics of the near-polar orbital co-ground trajectory constellation that satisfies the revisit interval constraint, an optimization model of the orbital parameters design of reference satellites in regional coverage constellations was constructed. Then based on the designed area covering the constellation of common ground trajectories, a simple and effective two-pulse maneuvering scheme was adopted for the needs of sudden tasks, and an existing satellite scheduling optimization model using the golden section method to constrain the boundary of substellar point coverage was constructed. Finally, the optimal design of regional coverage constellations and existing satellite dispatches was carried out for the sea areas with the most frequent tropical cyclone activities in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and the simulation results verified the effectiveness of the proposed optimization model and have certain practical use value.
Understanding Household Consumption Behaviour: What do we Learn from a Developing Country?
Authors: Tran Nguyen Van
Published: September 2022

Understanding and changing household consumption behaviour are considered the core driving force of the economic growth of a nation. Vietnam’s economic growth is mainly driven by final household consumption, which constituted over two-thirds of GDP during the last three decades. This paper aims to provide a novel way to understand household consumption decisions in a developing country based on several different but inter-related economic hypotheses of household consumption behaviour. Using a three-wave balance panel dataset constructed from nationally representative Vietnamese household surveys, we find strong evidence to support the importance of the permanent income hypothesis, the life-cycle factor hypothesis and the precautionary savings hypothesis. However, there is no evidence for the sex ratio hypothesis. Addressing the shortcomings of previous studies, this paper confirms the entry and exit of formal sectors and agriculture are the oriental predictors of precautionary motives. Heterogeneity analysis suggests the effect is fairly stable across balance sheet characteristics but varies across consumption categories. Our results are robust to a variety of robustness checks. These findings highlight the importance of combining a wide range of proxies for job insecurity and uncertainty indicators to understand household consumption behaviour, thus providing a powerful test of consumption and savings theories in short panels. The implications of these findings also are discussed and proposed in this research.
Disordered eating and behaviors among young Egyptians with type 1 diabetes: risk factors and comorbidities
Authors: Elhabashy Safinaz Adel , Abd ElMalak Mariam William , Elrassas Hanan Hany , Thabet Rasha Adel
Published: September 2022

Objectives

The study aimed to assess occurrence of eating disorders and its nature, associated risk factors, and comorbidities in a cohort of adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, 138 patients were recruited to complete three questionnaires for assessment of eating disorder (ED); Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26) and Eat Behavior questionnaire (ORTO-15) and Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire version 6 (EDE-Q6) to assess diabetes-related medical outcomes.

Results

Patients were categorized as having an ED according to predetermined cutoff value for each questionnaire. Of the 138 patients, 24 (17.4%) had risk for EDs by EAT-26 score, 53 (38.4%) have got orthorexia nervosa by ORTO-15 and 45 (32.6%) were having a disordered eating behavior by EDE-Q6. Patients with risk of EDs had lower mean ORTO-15 score (p=0.01), and higher mean Global EDE-Q6 (p<0.001). A positive correlation was found between EAT-26 scores and both age (p<0.0001) and body mass index (p<0.0001). ORTO-15 score was correlated with duration of diabetes (p=0.0418). Diabetic ketoacidosis, peripheral neuropathy, and microalbuminuria occurred frequently in patients with ED high score. Hypoglycemic episodes were reported more in those with high EAT-26 or Global EDE-Q6 scores.

Conclusions

Subclinical EDs and abnormal eating behaviors are common in Egyptian adolescents with T1D.
Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies – therapeutic consequences of genetic testing
Authors: Syrbe Steffen
Published: September 2022

Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies comprise a heterogeneous group of monogenic neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by early-onset seizures, marked epileptic activity and abnormal neurocognitive development. The identification of an increasing number of underlying genetic alterations and their pathophysiological roles in cellular signaling drives the way toward novel precision therapies. The implementation of novel treatments that target the underlying mechanisms gives hope for disease modification that will improve not only the seizure burden but also the neurodevelopmental outcome of affected children. So far, beneficial effects are mostly reported in individual trials and small numbers of patients. There is a need for international collaborative studies to define the natural history and relevant outcome measures and to test novel pharmacological approaches.
Uncertainty-aware automated machine learning toolbox
Authors: Dorst Tanja , Schneider Tizian , Eichstädt Sascha , Schütze Andreas
Published: September 2022

Measurement data can be considered complete only with an associated measurement uncertainty to express knowledge about the spread of values reasonably attributed to the measurand. Measurement uncertainty also allows to assess the comparability and the reliability of measurement results as well as to evaluate decisions based on the measurement result. Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods and especially Machine Learning (ML) are often based on measurements, but so far, uncertainty is widely neglected in this field. We propose to apply uncertainty propagation in ML to allow estimating the uncertainty of ML results and, furthermore, an optimization of ML methods to minimize this uncertainty. Here, we present an extension of a previously published automated ML toolbox (AMLT), which performs feature extraction, feature selection and classification in an automated way without any expert knowledge. To this end, we propose to apply the principles described in the “Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement” (GUM) and its supplements to carry out uncertainty propagation for every step in the AMLT. In previous publications we have presented the uncertainty propagation for some of the feature extraction methods in the AMLT. In this contribution, we add some more elements to this concept by also including statistical moments as a feature extraction method, add uncertainty propagation to the feature selection methods and extend it to also include the classification method, linear discriminant analysis combined with Mahalanobis distance. For these methods, analytical approaches for uncertainty propagation are derived in detail, and the uncertainty propagation for the other feature extraction and selection methods are briefly revisited. Finally, the use the uncertainty-aware AMLT is demonstrated for a data set consisting of uncorrelated measurement data and associated uncertainties.
Vortex structure control based bleed in axial compressor cascade with tip clearance using large eddy simulation
Authors: Gong Yun , Chen Shaowen , Zeng Cong
Published: September 2022

As an essential component, the bleed system plays a critical role in supplying turbine cooling air, guaranteeing stage matching, pressurizing the cabin, and de-icing at the wing and engine inlet. However, the extraction of the bleeding air from the compressor causes the engine efficiency degradation and thrust deficit. Therefore, flow control based on bleed is conducted to compensate the bleed induced disadvantages. The influence of the circumferential bleeding slot location on the tip leakage vortex and passage vortex controlling in a compressor cascade with the tip clearance is numerically studied using large eddy simulation. Three bleed configurations and the smooth casing configuration are investigated. 17.11% loss reduction is obtained through bleeding at 10% c

x
upstream of the blade leading edge with a bleeding rate of 2.76%. The vortex structures and flow patterns are compared and analyzed to reveal the controlling mechanism. Subsequently, the axial vorticity and loss evolution is discussed, and the interaction between the primary flow and bleeding air is revealed. It’s found that bleeding slot placed within the blade passage is exposed into a highly static pressure gradient, and this causes the bleeding air flows into and spills out the bleeding slot and leads to unnecessary loss. Moreover, the influence of large bleeding rate and inlet boundary layer is assessed.
Cascading effects augment the direct impact of CO2 on phytoplankton growth in a biogeochemical model
Authors: Seifert Miriam , Nissen Cara , Rost Björn , Hauck Judith
Published: September 2022

Atmospheric and oceanic CO2 concentrations are rising at an unprecedented rate. Laboratory studies indicate a positive effect of rising CO2 on phytoplankton growth until an optimum is reached, after which the negative impact of accompanying acidification dominates. Here, we implemented carbonate system sensitivities of phytoplankton growth into our global biogeochemical model FESOM-REcoM and accounted explicitly for coccolithophores as the group most sensitive to CO2. In idealized simulations in which solely the atmospheric CO2 mixing ratio was modified, changes in competitive fitness and biomass are not only caused by the direct effects of CO2, but also by indirect effects via nutrient and light limitation as well as grazing. These cascading effects can both amplify or dampen phytoplankton responses to changing ocean pCO2 levels. For example, coccolithophore growth is negatively affected both directly by future pCO2 and indirectly by changes in light limitation, but these effects are compensated by a weakened nutrient limitation resulting from the decrease in small-phytoplankton biomass. In the Southern Ocean, future pCO2 decreases small-phytoplankton biomass and hereby the preferred prey of zooplankton, which reduces the grazing pressure on diatoms and allows them to proliferate more strongly. In simulations that encompass CO2-driven warming and acidification, our model reveals that recent observed changes in North Atlantic coccolithophore biomass are driven primarily by warming and not by CO2. Our results highlight that CO2 can change the effects of other environmental drivers on phytoplankton growth, and that cascading effects may play an important role in projections of future net primary production.
Low-level jets over the Arctic Ocean during MOSAiC
Authors: López-García Vania , Neely Ryan R. , Dahlke Sandro , Brooks Ian M.
Published: September 2022

We present an annual characterization of low-level jets (LLJs) over the Arctic Ocean using wind profiles from radiosondes launched during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate expedition, from October 2019 through September 2020. Our results show LLJs to be common throughout the entire year, with a mean annual frequency of occurrence of more than 40%, a typical height below 400 m, peaking at 120–180 m, and speed between 6 and 14 m s–1. Jet characteristics show some seasonal variability: During winter and the freeze-up period, they are more common and faster, with an average occurrence of 55% and speeds of 8–16 m s–1, while in summer and the transition period, they have a mean occurrence of 46% and speeds of 6–10 m s–1. They have a similar height all year, with a peak between 120 and 180 m. The ERA5 reanalysis shows a similar frequency of occurrence, but a 75 m high bias in altitude, and a small, 0.28 m s–1, slow bias in speed. The height biases are greater in the transition period, more than 130 m, while the bias in speed is similar all year. Examining jets in ERA5 over the full year and whole Arctic Ocean, we find that the frequency of occurrence depends strongly on both the season and the distance to the sea-ice edge.
Low NOXand high organic compound emissions from oilfield pumpjack engines
Authors: Lyman Seth N. , Tran Huy N. Q. , O’Neil Trevor L. , Mansfield Marc L.
Published: September 2022

We measured a comprehensive suite of pollutants emitted from 58 natural gas-fueled pumpjack engines in Utah’s Uinta Basin. Air–fuel equivalence ratio (the ratio of air taken in by the engine to the amount of air needed for combustion of the fuel) was a strong predictor of emissions. Higher air–fuel equivalence ratios led to lower oxides of nitrogen (NOX) emissions and higher emissions of organic compounds. For engines with air–fuel equivalence ratios greater than 3 (34% of 58 total engines tested), a median of 57% of the fuel gas passed through the engine uncombusted, and exhaust gas contained a median of only 3 ppm NOX. Lower air–fuel equivalence ratios were associated with less fuel slip, higher NOX, and the formation of more reactive organic compounds, including alkenes and carbonyls. Average NOX emissions measured in this study were only 9% of average emissions from natural gas-fueled pumpjack engines in a regulatory oil and gas emissions inventory. In contrast, volatile organic compound emissions in the study were 15 times higher than in the inventory. We hypothesize that these discrepancies are due to changes in emissions as engines operate at lower loads and as they age in field conditions. In addition to improving emissions inventories and the effectiveness of related regulatory efforts, this work will improve the ability of photochemical models to simulate the atmospheric impacts of oil and gas development.
The Impact of Bodily Behaviors of Sales Representatives on Charisma Evaluations by Consumers: A Time-Series Perspective
Authors: Wagner Udo , Pauser Sandra
Published: September 2022

Significant resources are spent each year on sales forces and the means by which to enhance their effectiveness during a sales interaction or presentation. Specifically, studies point to the importance of charismatic nonverbal cues (for example, facial expressions, gestures) in impression formation. However, these behaviors are mainly perceived in an unconscious manner, making behavior measurement a difficult task. Moreover, existing research is dominated by post-exposure measures and neglects customers’ processing of impressions over time. This research addresses the outlined gaps and introduces continuous measurement of sales presentations based on different data sources. First, we provide novel insights by applying high-precision coding of 141 nonverbal behaviors of 22 videotaped sales presentations using body actions and posture coding procedures. Second, this study uses an innovative approach to capture customer impressions of sales representatives’ charisma in real-time by means of a program analyzer, which allows evaluative measurements while concurrently being exposed to sales presentations. This time-series evaluation approach contributes to the understanding of impression formation and allows for linking nonverbal sales behaviors to customers’ evaluations over the course of time. Findings from a large sample experimental study (n = 663) show that negative opinions are formed somewhat faster than positive ones. In addition, body movements (e.g., head/trunk/leg/knee movements, arm actions) driving these impressions are the same for the first few seconds and for longer periods.
Strategies for enhanced biogas generation through anaerobic digestion of forest material – An overview
Authors: Matsakas Leonidas , Rova Ulrika , Christakopoulos Paul
Published: September 2022

Incorporation of biofuels into the existing selection of fuels is a very important measure to slow down environmental destruction and to counter the imminent fossil fuel shortage. Biogas is a very interesting option for use in both electricity and heat production, and also as a fuel for vehicles. The positive fuel characteristics of biogas and the high yields of biogas obtained from traditional raw materials (e.g., animal manure) have resulted in operation of several commercial units around the globe. On the other hand, there is an increased demand for biogas production which, for the need to be met, should have renewable resources incorporated into it. Forest materials are an interesting candidate, and there is a rising interest in the research and industrial communities to exploit them as raw materials for anaerobic digestion in biogas production. In this review article, we aim to give the reader an insight into the most recent processes for conversion of various sources of forest materials into biogas.
El mundo de los milagros y los testigos de la curación de Mateo de Rojas para la canonización de Santo Toribio, Lima, 1648
Authors: Benito Rodríguez José Antonio
Published: September 2022

Este artículo aborda críticamente el testimonio del milagro obrado en el seminarista de 20 años, Mateo de Rojas, de Huánuco, quien en el mes de abril de 1684, a punto de morir por una fuerte hemorragia nasal fue curado milagrosamente al aplicar la reliquia de una costilla del santo fundador del colegio, Toribio Mogrovejo. Así lo constataron el rector de la institución Álvaro de Torres y Bohórquez, sus compañeros: Francisco Claudio de la Serna Espinosa, José Antonio Ruiz de Llantada, Juan Ortiz de Landaeta, Nicolás de Melgosa, dos médicos: Melchor Vásquez y José de Sanabria, formados en la Facultad de Medicina de San Marcos, y hasta el propio protagonista y beneficiado. Tal acontecimiento nos ayuda a comprender el complejo mundo cultural del virreinato peruano.
Trayectoria de la ideología del mestizaje en el Perú del siglo XX
Authors: Romero Meza Eddy Walter
Published: September 2022

La relación entre historiografía e ideología del mestizaje, ha sido poco explorada o explicada insuficientemente. La ideología del mestizaje se convirtió entre los siglos XIX-XX, en la base del discurso de la nación peruana. Intelectuales criollos buscaron homogeneizar a la población, invisibilizar a la población indígena/afrodescendiente, o blanquear a la nación. El objetivo del presente artículo, será aproximarse a este fenómeno, desde el análisis de la obra de cuatro influyentes intelectuales e historiadores (Víctor Andrés Belaúnde, José de la Riva Agüero, Raúl Porras Barrenechea y José Antonio del Busto), quienes formaron a generaciones de historiadores y estudiosos del país en el siglo XX. Estos autores asumirán discursos conservadores hispanofílicos, que buscarán presentarlos como una ideología peruanista. Finalmente, se contrastarán estos discursos con la visión del mestizaje en autores como José María Arguedas, quien propone un mestizaje sin aculturación.
López Soria, José Ignacio y Nashely Lizarme Villcas. El pensamiento de los ingenieros sobre el Perú (1850-1930)
Authors: Laya Alcedo Ana Esther
Published: September 2022

El 2020 es el año en que el Centro de Historia de la Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería terminó de editar El pensamiento de los ingenieros sobre el Perú (1850-1930), de los historiadores José Ignacio López Soria y Nashely Lizarme Villcas. Esta obra se inserta en la historia de la ingeniería, en tanto quehacer de profesionales en la organización, transformación y gestión de la geografía, las riquezas naturales y la economía del Perú en aras del progreso nacional, así como en la historia del pensamiento, pues permite conocer la visión de los ingenieros respecto a los problemas, posibilidades y expectativas del país.