bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Boosting C2H6/C2H4 separation in scalable metal‐organic frameworks through pore engineering
Authors: Zhang Peng‐Dan , Zhang Xin , Wu Xue‐Qian , Xu Zi‐Chao , Li Jian‐Rong
Published: May 2022

The development of ethane (C2H6)‐selective adsorbents for ethylene (C2H4) purification, although challenging, is of prime industrial importance. Pillared‐layer metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) possess facilely tunable pore structure and functionality, which means they have excellent potential for high‐performance C2H6/C2H4 separation applications. Herein, we report a family of isostructural pillared‐layer MOFs with various metal centers M and co‐ligands L, M2(D‐cam)4L2 (denoted M‐cam‐L; M = Cu, Co, Ni; L = pyz, apyz, dabco), with a variety of pore surface properties. All of the M‐cam‐L materials exhibit preferential adsorption for C2H6 over C2H4. In particular, Ni‐cam‐pyz exhibits the highest C2H6 capture capacity (68.75 cm3 g−1 at 1 bar and 298 K), Cu‐cam‐dabco possesses the greatest C2H6/C2H4 adsorption selectivity (2.3), and the lowest isosteric heat of adsorption is demonstrated for Cu‐cam‐pyz (20.1 kJ mol−1). Dynamic column breakthrough experiments also confirmed the excellent separation performance of M‐cam‐pyz and M‐cam‐dabco materials. The synthesis route of the M‐cam‐L materials is easily scaled‐up under laboratory conditions, and hence this class of MOFs is promising for practical C2H4 purification.
Flow regimes and pressure drop of a composite tridimensional rotational flow sieve tray under concurrent gas‐liquid flow
Authors: Zhang Shaofeng , Liu Bingfang , Wang Hongkai , Liu Yan , Wang Dewu , Tang Meng , Dai Shijie
Published: May 2022

A composite tridimensional rotational flow sieve tray (CTRST) is proposed. The flow patterns of CTRST were visually categorized, combined with the standard deviation of the pressure difference. In the TRST area of the internal packing‐type tray, the membrane‐drip column and foam‐embolic flow is present, while bubbly and milk froth‐ribbon flow is present in the packing area of the external packing‐type tray. The effect of the tray structure parameters on the pressure drop under co‐current flow was investigated. The dry and wet pressure drop is within 160 and 900 Pa, respectively. Under the same structural parameters, the pressure drop of the internal packing‐type tray was higher than that of the external packing‐type tray. The flow characteristics of the standard tray under the countercurrent flow were compared. The CTRST was found to be more suitable for co‐current flow. A prediction model pressure drop under co‐current was established with an error of 15.5%.
Systemic capillary leak syndrome requiring fasciotomy for limb compartment syndrome: A case report and literature review
Authors: Tanabe Maki , Hikone Mayu , Sugiyama Kazuhiro , Hamabe Yuichi
Published: May 2022

Background

Limb compartment syndrome (LCS), a rare but serious complication of systemic capillary leak syndrome (SCLS)‐related systemic edema, warrants prompt decompressive fasciotomy. We report a case of SCLS complicated by LCS of four extremities requiring emergent fasciotomies; furthermore, we reviewed existing published reports on SCLS with LCS.

Case Presentation

A 36‐year‐old man was diagnosed with SCLS based on profound vascular permeability with no other underlying conditions. Within a few hours of admission, LCS was noted in the patient's lower legs and thighs and he was treated using decompressive fasciotomy. Additional forearm fasciotomy was subsequently carried out. After fluid management, vasopressor support, mechanical ventilation, and renal replacement therapy, the patient was discharged without any neuromuscular deficits caused by LCS. Literature review suggested that lower legs are prone to LCS in patients with SCLS.

Conclusion

Limb compartment syndrome is a serious complication that clinicians must be aware of and requires prompt decompressive fasciotomy.
A systematic study on the effect of different error structures on pseudo‐univariate and multivariate figures of merit
Authors: Akvan Nadia , Azimi Gholamhasan
Published: May 2022

In this study, the effect of different error structures on psedounivariate and multivariate analytical figures of merit in simulated data of hyphenated  chromatographic systems was investigated. Different error structures (e.g., homoscedastic, heteroscedastic, and correlated) were investigated. For this purpose, five components systems at five concentration levels with three replicates were simulated. Different types of error were added to the data. Multivariate Curve Resolution‐Alternating Least Squares (MCR‐ALS) and Maximum Likelihood Principal Component Analysis (MLPCA‐MCR‐ALS) methods were used. After resolution, pseudo‐univariate and multivariate analytical figures of merit were calculated and compared. As it expected, the detection limit for noisy datasets is higher than the noise‐free datasets, whereas the slopes of the calibration curves are not significantly different. Comparing the results generally showed that the detection limit values in multivariable mode were better than the univariate mode. The LODs of data (pseudo‐univariate and multivariate) with homoscedastic and correlated error structure by MCR‐ALS and MLPCA‐MCR‐ALS were the same. The analysis of data with heteroscedastic error structure by MLPCA‐MCR‐ALS had a lower detection limit than analysis with MCR‐ALS. The figures of merit obtained from WLS and OLS regression in heteroscedastic datasets were compared and better LODs were obtained after WLS method.
Superassembled Hierarchical Asymmetric Magnetic Mesoporous Nanorobots Driven by Smart Confined Catalytic Degradation
Authors: Yan Miao , Ma Ding , Qiu Beilei , Liu Tianyi , Xie Lei , Zeng Jie , Liang Kang , Xin Hui , Lian Zhexun , Jiang Lei , Kong Biao
Published: May 2022

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Biao Kong at Fudan University. The image depicts a hierarchical asymmetric magnetic mesoporous hollow nanorobot that combines the functionalities of magnetic responsiveness, reusability, sustainable motility and durable motion, showing excellent pollutant degradation capability. Read the full text of the article at. 10.1002/chem.202200307
Genuine Pores in a Stable Zinc Phosphite for High H2 Adsorption and CO2 Capture
Authors: Chen Ju‐Ying , Chen Sheng‐Yu , Chen Wei‐Ting , Yin Mu‐Chien , Wang Chih‐Min
Published: May 2022

Invited for the cover of this issue are Chih‐Min Wang and co‐workers at Academia Sinica of Taiwan and National Taiwan Ocean University. The image depicts an unusual organic‐inorganic hybrid zinc phosphite with interesting structural features and gas adsorption properties. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202200732.
The intersection of sexual orientation with race and ethnicity in cervical cancer screening
Authors: Stenzel Ashley E. , Bustamante Gabriela , Sarkin Courtney A. , Harripersaud Katherine , Jewett Patricia , Teoh Deanna , Vogel Rachel I.
Published: May 2022

Background

Cervical cancer screening is recommended for those with a cervix who are 21 to 65 years old, with specific timelines being dependent on individual risk. This study compared rates of ever undergoing Papanicolaou (Pap) testing at the intersection of self‐reported sexual minority (SM) status and race/ethnicity.

Methods

Data from the National Health Interview Survey (2015 and 2018) were used to examine cervical cancer screening disparities. Natal females without a history of hysterectomy who were 21 to 65 years old and had reported their sexual orientation and Pap testing history were included. Demographic and health characteristics were summarized with descriptive statistics. To adjust for differences in confounding variables between groups, propensity score–based inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was performed. IPTW‐adjusted multivariable logistic regression models estimated odds of ever undergoing a Pap test by sexual orientation alone and with race/ethnicity (non‐Hispanic White, non‐Hispanic Black, and Hispanic).

Results

SM persons (n = 877) had significantly reduced odds of ever undergoing Pap testing (odds ratio, 0.54; 95% confidence interval, 0.42‐0.70) in comparison with heterosexual persons (n = 17,760). When the intersection of sexual orientation and race/ethnicity was considered, non‐Hispanic White SM participants and Hispanic SM participants had reduced odds of ever undergoing Pap testing in comparison with non‐Hispanic White heterosexual participants. No significant differences were observed between non‐Hispanic White heterosexual participants and participants of non‐Hispanic Black SM or Hispanic heterosexual identities.

Conclusions

SM participants were significantly less likely to have ever undergone a Pap test in comparison with heterosexual participants, with Hispanic SM participants having the lowest uptake. Future studies should further examine the roles of systemic discrimination and other key drivers of these disparities.
Recent Development of Polyaniline/graphene Composite Electrodes for Flexible Supercapacitor Devices
Authors: Balqis Falihah , Prakoso Bagas , Hanif Hawari Naufal , Eldona Calvin , Sumboja Afriyanti
Published: May 2022

Flexible supercapacitors are attracting interest in wearable technologies as they can withstand mechanical deformations while delivering their energy storage function. Among frequently investigated electrode materials for flexible supercapacitors, polyaniline/graphene composites are favorable due to their synergistic properties that assure excellent specific capacitance, cycling stability, and high rate capability. This review highlights recent strategies to advance structural designs and synthesis methods of polyaniline/graphene electrodes for flexible supercapacitors. Firstly, the general mechanism and feature of the flexible supercapacitor will be discussed, followed by current challenges that focus on two key aspects, structural design and synthesis of the electrode. Next, by sorting the composites based on their morphological dimensionalities (i. e., one‐, two‐, and three‐dimensional), and focusing the discussion on the two key aspects, we evaluate recent and effective strategies to develop flexible supercapacitors with polyaniline/graphene composite electrode. Finally, future perspectives are given for broader applications of the flexible supercapacitors.
Two‐Dimensional Materials and their Hetero‐Superlattices for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Pramoda K. , Rao C. N. R.
Published: May 2022

Since the discovery of graphene, there has been intensive research on other two‐dimensional (2D) analogues. Some of them are elemental 2D materials such as phosphorene and bismuthene. Others are binary compounds fascinating in terms of energy applications are transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs: MoS2, MoSe2) and MXenes (Ti3C2, Nb2C3). 1T‐forms of MoS2 and MoSe2 are probably the best materials reported for dye‐sensitized photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Here, we first highlight the phase engineering in 2D‐TMDCs to enhance hydrogen evolution activity. Generation of hetero‐superlattices of TMDCs with other HER active materials such as graphene, carbon nitride and borocarbonitrides, by utilizing coupling and electrostatic restacking strategies, appears to be advantageous for photocatalytic application. These hetero‐superlattices provide a counterpoint to the van der Waals heterostructures by means of covalent bonds. Ladder‐like networks of heterolayers generated due to cross‐linking enhance the interfacial area and charge‐transfer interactions, thereby improving HER activity. The use of 2D phosphorene as a photocatalytic material is limited by its ambient instability. Covalent functionalization of phosphorene surface with tris(pentafluorophenyl) borane and benzyl group increases ambient stability and dispersibility. The functionalized surface can be further utilized to cross‐link with amine or acid‐modified TMDCs. The HER activity obtained with phosphorene‐MoS2 superlattices is the highest reported among the phosphorene‐based systems, thus setting a new example for metal‐free catalysis. The ambient instability of MXenes and other related 2d materials under photocatalytic conditions can be resolved either by functionalization or by forming hetero‐superlattices.
A Light‐Dark Cascade Procedure for the Regeneration of NADH using Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets
Authors: Wang Yaoqiang , Jin Yu , Wang Zishuai , Xiao Gang , Su Haijia
Published: May 2022

Photocatalytic regeneration of NAD(P)H is a green and promising method which utilizes clean solar energy. However, we found in this study that light exposure of NADH will cause the deactivation of the regenerated NADH. Therefore, we used ultrathin g‐C3N4 nanosheets as photocatalyst and developed a two‐pot light‐dark cascade procedure for NADH regeneration to avoid the light exposure and the deactivation of NADH. This two‐pot procedure included a first light reaction step where triethanolamine was converted to glycolaldehyde through visible light photocatalysis which could reduce NAD+ to NADH through a non‐catalytic process in the followed dark reaction step. Using this procedure, the NADH productivity reached 1.625 mmol ⋅ h−1 ⋅ g−1 and was about 29 times higher that obtained in the one‐pot method. The regenerated NADH using the two‐pot procedure could act as cofactor of alcohol dehydrogenase to catalyze the reduction of acetaldehyde, illustrating the application potential of this procedure to aid enzyme catalyzed redox reactions.
Cytotoxicity of 3D‐printed, milled, and conventional oral splint resins to L929 cells and human gingival fibroblasts
Authors: Bürgers Ralf , Schubert Andrea , Müller Jonas , Krohn Sebastian , Rödiger Matthias , Leha Andreas , Wassmann Torsten
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Evidence on the biocompatibility of three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed and milled resins for oral splints is limited. This in vitro study assessed the influence of the manufacturing method on the cytotoxicity of oral splint resins on L929 cells and human gingival fibroblasts (GF1).

Materials and Methods

Standardized specimens of four 3D‐printed, two‐milled, one‐thermoformed, and one‐pressed splint resin were incubated with L929 and GF1 cells for 24 h. Immunofluorescence and WST‐8 assay were performed to evaluate cytotoxic effects. One‐way analysis of variance and Tukey's multiple comparison test were applied with the variables “splint resin” and “manufacturing method” (p < .05).

Results

Immunofluorescence showed attachment of L929 and GF1 cells to the splint resins. Irrespective of the manufacturing method, the WST‐8 assay revealed significant differences between splint resins for the viability of L929 and GF1 cells. L929 cells generally showed lower viability rates than GF1 cells. The evaluation of cell viability by the manufacturing method showed no significant differences between 3D printing, milling, and conventional methods.

Conclusions

The cytotoxic effects of 3D‐printed, milled, and conventional oral splint resins were similar, indicating minor influence of the manufacturing method on biocompatibility. Cytotoxicity of the resins was below a critical threshold in GF1 cells. The chemical composition might be more crucial than the manufacturing method for the biocompatibility of splint resins.
Organ‐specific immune response in lethal SARS‐CoV‐2 infection by deep spatial phenotyping
Authors: Balachander Akhila , Lee Bernett , Biswas Subhra K , Lye David C , Lin Raymond TP , Leo Yee‐Sin , Chui Paul , Ng Lisa FP , Renia Laurent
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Immunopathology of ongoing COVID‐19 global pandemic is not limited solely to pulmonary tissue, but is often associated with multi‐organ complications, mechanisms of which are intensely being investigated. In this regard, the interplay between immune, stromal cells and cytokines in pulmonary and extrapulmonary infected tissues, especially in young adults (median age 46 years, range 30–53 years) without comorbidities, remains poorly characterised.

Methods

We profiled lung, heart and intestinal autopsy samples from five SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected cases for 18–20 targets to detect immune, cytokine and stromal cell status at subcellular resolution by a novel IHC‐based deep‐phenotyping technique, iSPOT (immunoSpatial histoPhenOmics using TSA‐IHC), to assess spatial and functional patterns of immune response in situ, in lethal COVID‐19 infection.

Results

SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected autopsy samples exhibit skewed counts of immune populations in all samples with organ‐specific dysfunctions. Lung and ileal tissue reveal altered architecture with marked loss of tissue integrity, while lung and heart tissue show severe hyperinflammation marked by elevated TNF‐α in heart tissue and additionally IL‐6, IFN‐γ and IL‐10 cytokines in lung samples.

Conclusion

With resurgence of infection in younger populations, single‐cell cytokine localisation in immune and stromal structures provides important mechanistic insights into organ‐specific immunopathology of naïve SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in the absence of other comorbidities.
Take a vacation: You really need it!
Authors: Hodges Dawn Z.
Published: May 2022

For two and a half years, the world has been held hostage by the COVID‐19 pandemic. For many of us, this period has been the most stressful years of our lives.
Effects of social organization and elevation on spatial genetic structure in a montane ant
Authors: Fontcuberta Amaranta , Kapun Martin , Tran Van Patrick , Purcell Jessica , Chapuisat Michel
Published: May 2022

Studying patterns of population structure across the landscape sheds light on dispersal and demographic processes, which helps to inform conservation decisions. Here, we study how social organization and landscape factors affect spatial patterns of genetic differentiation in an ant species living in mountainous regions. Using genome‐wide SNP markers, we assess population structure in the Alpine silver ant,Formica selysi. This species has two social forms controlled by a supergene. The monogyne form has one queen per colony, while the polygyne form has multiple queens per colony. The two social forms co‐occur in the same populations. For both social forms, we found a strong pattern of isolation‐by‐distance across the Alps. Within regions, genetic differentiation between populations was weaker for the monogyne form than for the polygyne form. We suggest that this pattern is due to higher dispersal and effective population sizes in the monogyne form. In addition, we found stronger isolation‐by‐distance and lower genetic diversity in high elevation populations, compared to lowland populations, suggesting that gene flow betweenF.selysipopulations in the Alps occurs mostly through riparian corridors along lowland valleys. Overall, this survey highlights the need to consider intraspecific polymorphisms when assessing population connectivity and calls for special attention to the conservation of lowland habitats in mountain regions.
Foraging decisions with conservation consequences: Interaction between beavers and invasive tree species
Authors: Juhász Erika , Bede‐Fazekas Ákos , Katona Krisztián , Molnár Zsolt , Biró Marianna
Published: May 2022

Herbivore species can either hinder or accelerate the invasion of woody species through selective utilization. Therefore, an exploration of foraging decisions can contribute to the understanding and forecasting of woody plant invasions. Despite the large distribution range and rapidly growing abundance of beaver species across the Northern Hemisphere, only a few studies focus on the interaction between beavers and invasive woody plants.

We collected data on the woody plant supply and utilization at 20 study sites in Hungary, at two fixed distances from the water. The following parameters were registered: taxon, trunk diameter, type of utilization, and carving depth. Altogether 5401 units (trunks and thick branches) were identified individually. We developed a statistical protocol that uses a dual approach, combining whole‐database and transect‐level analyses to examine foraging strategy.

Taxon, diameter, and distance from water all had a significant effect on foraging decisions. The order of preference for the four most abundant taxa was Populus spp. (softwood), Salix spp. (softwood), Fraxinus pennsylvanica (invasive hardwood), and Acer negundo (invasive hardwood). The diameter influenced the type of utilization, as units with greater diameter were rather carved or debarked than felled. According to the central‐place foraging strategy, the intensity of the foraging decreased with the distance from the water, while both the taxon and diameter selectivity increased. This suggests stronger modification of the woody vegetation directly along the waterbank, together with a weaker impact further from the water.

In contrast to invasive trees, for which utilization occurred almost exclusively in the smallest diameter class, even the largest softwood trees were utilized by means of carving and debarking. This may lead to the gradual loss of softwoods or the transformation of them into shrubby forms. After the return of the beaver, mature stages of softwood stands and thus the structural heterogeneity of floodplain woody vegetation could be supported by the maintenance of sufficiently large active floodplains.

The beaver accelerates the shift of the canopy layer's species composition toward invasive hardwood species, supporting the enemy release hypothesis. However, the long‐term impact will also depend on how plants respond to different types of utilization and on their ability to regenerate, which are still unexplored issues in this environment. Our results should be integrated with knowledge about factors influencing the competitiveness of the studied native and invasive woody species to support floodplain conservation and reconstruction.
The phylogeographical pattern of the Amur minnow Rhynchocypris lagowskii (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) in the Qinling Mountains
Authors: Chen Tao , Jiao Li , Ni Lili
Published: May 2022

In this study, the phylogeographical pattern of the Amur minnow (Rhynchocypris lagowskii) widely distributed in the cold freshwaters of the Qinling Mountains was examined. A total of 464 specimens from 48 localities were sequenced at a 540‐bp region of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cytb) gene, and 69 haplotypes were obtained. The mean ratio of the number of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions per site (dN/dS) was 0.028 and indicated purifying selection. Haplotype diversity (h) and nucleotide diversity (π) of natural populations of R. lagowskii varied widely between distinct localities. Phylogenetic trees based on Bayesian inference (BI), maximum likelihood (ML), and maximum parsimony (MP) methods, and network analysis showed five well‐differentiated lineages, but these did not completely correspond to localities and geographic distribution. Meanwhile, analysis of molecular variances (AMOVA) indicated the highest proportion of genetic variation was attributed to the differentiation between populations rather than by our defined lineages. In addition, there was no significant correlation between the pairwise Fst values and geographic distance (p > .05). Based on the molecular clock calibration, the time to the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) was estimated to have emerged from the Late Miocene to the Early Pleistocene. Finally, the results of demographic history based on the neutrality test, mismatch distribution, and Bayesian skyline plot (BSP) analyses showed that collectively, the populations were stable during the Pleistocene while one lineage (lineage E) probably underwent a slight contraction during the Middle Pleistocene and a rapid expansion from the Middle to the Late Pleistocene. Therefore, the study suggests the current phylogeographical pattern of R. lagowskii was likely shaped by geological events that led to vicariance followed by dispersal and secondary contact, river capture, and climatic oscillation during the Late Miocene to the Early Pleistocene in the Qinling Mountains.
Quantifying the ecological effects of water abstraction in Alpine streams through flume simulations
Authors: Vallefuoco Francesca , Bruno Maria Cristina , Zolezzi Guido , Larsen Stefano
Published: May 2022

Water abstraction by small hydropower plants is a growing human pressure on Alpine stream ecosystems. Using a set of seminatural streamside flumes, we investigated the response of benthic invertebrate communities to a 50% experimental reduction of the natural discharge. We collected EPT taxa from upstream (control) and downstream (flow reduction) sections of the flumes before starting the simulations, and after 1 and 3 weeks of simulated flow reduction, while also collecting invertebrates drifting from each section every 24–48 h. Despite an initial (i.e., before simulation) difference in benthic densities and diversity between controls and treatments, these metrics changed and differed over time, with the reduced flow section becoming more diverse and with less individuals. Taxonomic composition differed between flow types, with a short‐term (1 week after the beginning of flow reduction) increase of taxonomic heterogeneity. There was no evidence that flow reduction affected functional diversity and homogenized functional composition of the communities. Drift composition differed between flow types with drift rates and richness lower under reduced flow. Functional dispersion was always significantly lower in the drift collected in low‐flow conditions where drift propensity was significantly higher for animals preferring medium to fast currents, living temporarily attached to the substrate and feeding as passive filterers; drift propensity was slightly lower for organisms moving as crawlers. Hence, short‐term taxonomic and functional changes in benthic invertebrate communities with reduction in flow are likely related to behavioural responses such as drift, thus providing insight on the potential mechanisms underlying community‐level effects of water abstraction.
Finite element modeling of free‐standing cylindrical columns under seismic excitation
Authors: Katsamakas Antonios A. , Vassiliou Michalis F.
Published: May 2022

Rocking motion is notoriously sensitive to the parameters that define it, with experimental tests oftentimes being non‐repeatable. Therefore, validating numerical models using a deterministic approach is impossible, since the consistency of any benchmark experimental test is dubious. Three‐dimensional rocking is even harder to predict than planar rocking. This paper presents a three‐dimensional finite element model to predict the statistics of the rocking/sliding response of free‐standing cylindrical columns. The response parameters of interest were the maximum displacement at the top of the columns and the residual displacement. Three different columns with varying slenderness and size were examined. The columns were able to slide, rock, and wobble in all directions, with this behavior being representative of building components and monumental structures. The numerical results were statistically compared to a large database of experimental tests, proving the accuracy of the proposed model. The influence of all modeling and physical parameters was elucidated, employing a large number of non‐linear time‐history analyses. It is shown that, when the numerical parameters are varied within a reasonable range, they do not influence the statistics of the response, even though they influence each individual oscillation. The friction coefficient between the interfaces (physical parameter) can influence the statistics of the response and should be carefully selected. Energy dissipation should be modeled explicitly, following the physics of the problem.
Development of Social Life Impact for Mother (SLIM) scale at first trimester to identify mothers who need social support postpartum: a hospital‐based prospective study in Japan
Authors: Okamoto Yoko , Doi Satomi , Isumi Aya , Sugawara Junichi , Maeda Kazuhisa , Satoh Shoji , Fujiwara Takeo , Mitsuda Nobuaki
Published: May 2022

Objective

To develop and validate the Social Life Impact for Mother (SLIM) scale to identify mothers in Japan who need social support postpartum.

Methods

Hospital‐based prospective study was implemented nationwide in Japan. A total of 7462 pregnant women completed the SLIM scale in their first trimester, and postpartum social problems (postpartum depression and bonding disorders) were assessed at 1 month after delivery (N = 5768, follow‐up rate 77.3%). Multivariate logistic regression was applied to investigate the association between SLIM scale and postpartum social problems.

Results

The SLIM scale is made up of nine risk factors for postpartum social problems, including relationship problems, lower financial status, and lack of social support. The SLIM scale predicted postpartum social problems with moderate accuracy (area under the curve 0.63, 95% confidence interval 0.60–0.65). Further stratification by local clinic and tertiary hospital did not affect the estimates.

Conclusion

The SLIM scale at prenatal check‐up may be useful for obstetricians to detect mothers with postpartum social problems. Further intervention studies using the SLIM score are warranted.
A distanced perspective reduces negative affective responses through rational view in recalling and writing angry experience
Authors: Cho Myung Hyun , Na Jinkyung
Published: May 2022

Previous research demonstrates that self‐distancing helps in regulating negative emotions. Furthermore, adopting a distanced perspective when referring to the self has been shown to be a simple and effective way to regulate emotion. Moreover, previous research has demonstrated several mechanisms whereby the distanced perspective eventually leads to the decrease in negative emotions. Building on this literature, the present research proposed that a rational point of view induced by adopting a distanced perspective would play a critical role in this process. The results from two studies supported the proposition. Specifically, in recalling (Study 1) and writing (Study 2) about anger‐provoking events, those who adopted a distanced perspective were more likely to take a rational point of view when reflecting on the event than did those who adopted a self‐immersed perspective. Furthermore, such differences in the rational perspective were associated with the corresponding differences in negative affect.
Relationship between orientation toward multicultural competence, multicultural competent behaviors, and working alliance: Examining a multigroup mediation model
Authors: Oh Seungbin , Chang Catherine Y. , Priest Amanda , Kwag Daun
Published: May 2022

In this study, the researchers examined the relationship among an orientation toward multicultural counseling competence, multicultural competent behaviors, and the working alliance from the perspective of 574 client participants across various therapeutic dyads. There was a positive relationship between clients’ perspectives on counselors’ multicultural orientation, counselors’ multicultural competent behavior, and working alliance. Multicultural competent behaviors mediated the relationship between an orientation toward multicultural competence and working alliance. However, the mediated effect was inconsistent across cross and similar racial/ethnic therapeutic dyads. Implications for counselors, limitations of the study, and future directions for research are provided.
Development and validation of apoptosis‐related signature and molecular subtype to improve prognosis prediction in osteosarcoma patients
Authors: Hong Jinjiong , Li Qun , Wang Xiaofeng , Li Jie , Ding Wenquan , Hu Haoliang , He Lingfeng
Published: May 2022

Background

Previous evidence has shown that apoptosis performs integral functions in the tumorigenesis and development of various tumors. Therefore, this study aimed to establish a molecular subtype and prognostic signature based on apoptosis‐related genes (ARGs) to understand the molecular mechanisms and predict prognosis in patients with osteosarcoma.

Methods

The GEO and TARGET databases were utilized to obtain the expression levels of ARGs and clinical information of osteosarcoma patients. Consensus clustering analysis was used to explore the different molecular subtypes based on ARGs. GO, KEGG, GSEA, ESTIMATE, and ssGSEA analyses were performed to examine the differences in biological functions and immune characteristics between the distinct molecular subtypes. Then, we constructed an ARG signature by LASSO analysis. The prognostic significance of the ARG signature in osteosarcoma was determined by Kaplan–Meier plotter, Cox regression, and nomogram analyses.

Results

Two apoptosis‐related subtypes were identified. Cluster 1 had a better prognosis, higher immunogenicity, and immune cell infiltration, as well as a better response to immunotherapy than Cluster 2. We discovered that patients in the high‐risk cohort had a lower survival rate than those in the low‐risk cohort according to the ARG signature. Furthermore, Cox regression analysis confirmed that a high risk score independently acted as an unfavorable prognostic marker. Additionally, the nomogram combining risk scores with clinical characteristics can improve prediction efficiency.

Conclusion

We demonstrated that patients suffering from osteosarcoma may be classified into two apoptosis‐related subtypes. Moreover, we developed an ARG prognostic signature to predict the prognosis status of osteosarcoma patients.
Remediation of a clay soil contaminated with phenanthrene by using MgO and forced carbonation
Authors: Estabragh AR , Amini M , Javadi AA , Sanjuan MT Montañés
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

The Stabilization and Solidification (S/S) technique is one of the most cost‐effective, low‐risk, and efficient remedial technologies for contaminated soils. In this research, the effect of MgO (Magnesium Oxide) on the remediation of a clay soil contaminated with phenanthrene with and without forced carbonation was studied by the S/S method. The effects of various parameters in reducing the mobility and leaching of phenanthrene were considered, including the percentage of MgO and curing time with and without forced carbonation, as well as the duration of carbonation.

RESULTS

The results of the leaching tests showed that by using 5% MgO, the initial concentration of phenanthrene (32.7 mg kg−1) is changed to 9.16, 5.77, and 5.1 mg kg−1 for curing times of 7, 14, and 28 days. In addition, for the mixture of contaminated soil with 0.25% MgO and by using forced carbonation, the initial concentration is changed to 7.9, 4.3, and 3.73 mg kg−1 after 4, 8, and 24 h of injection of CO2. The S/S mechanisms for the removal of phenanthrene from soil include immobilization, adsorption, and encapsulation mechanisms. These stages are dependent on the hydration products of MgO.

CONCLUSION

A comparison of the results of the leaching tests without and with forced carbonation showed that forced carbonation can reduce the concentration of phenanthrene in a few hours with a small percent of MgO compared to the case without forced carbonation. Therefore, forced carbonation provides a cost‐effective method for the remediation of contaminated soil. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibition acts synergistically with tyrosine kinase inhibitors to induce apoptosis of mantle cell lymphoma cells
Authors: Eriksen‐Gjerstad May , Tveit Karlsen Ida , Fandalyuk Zinayida , Benjaminsen Susanne , Baran‐Marszak Fanny , Papp Bela , Locke Frederick , Ladds Marcus , Pastor‐Fernández Andrés , Gelebart Pascal , Mc Cormack Emmet
Published: May 2022

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a non‐Hodgkin lymphoma that remains incurable with the treatment options available today. In the present study, we have identified the dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), an essential enzyme for the de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidine‐based nucleotides, to be overexpressed in MCL in comparison to healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). In vitro inhibition of the DHODH activity using a newly developed DHODH inhibitor, namely (R)‐HZ05, can induce MCL cell death in the nanomolar range independently than the P53 status of the investigated cell lines. Moreover, the combination of (R)‐HZ05 with tyrosine kinase inhibitor shows the synergistic activity on cell death. Pre‐clinical investigation on the efficacy of (R)‐HZ05 shows that it can be prolonged animal lifespan similar to ibrutinib. (R)‐HZ05 use in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitor demonstrated a superior efficacy on tumor burden reduction and survival than either drug alone. We have demonstrated that the depletion of the pyrimidine nucleotide pool, using DHODH inhibitor, represents a new therapeutic strategy that may benefit MCL patients.
Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on accumulation and translocation of selenium in winter wheat
Authors: Wu Fuyong , Luo Wanqing , Li Jiao , Xing Wenjing , Lyu Lihui , Yang Jing , Liu Ruifang , Shi Zhaoyong
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for humans and animals, but not for plants. Generally, cereals including wheat and rice are the main source of dietary Se for humans. Although arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are ubiquitous soil microbes and commonly develop symbionts with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), the influence of AMF on accumulation and translocation of Se during developmental cycle of winter wheat is still unclear.

RESULTS

Based on a pot trial, the present results indicated that the effects of AMF on grain Se concentration in winter wheat depend on the Se species spiked in the soil and that Rhizophagus intraradices (Ri) significantly enhanced grain Se concentration under selenite treatment. Moreover, inoculation of AMF significantly increased grain Se content under selenite and selenate treatments. The enhanced grain Se content of mycorrhizal wheat could be attributed to (i) apparently increased root growth of mycorrhizal wheat at jointing could absorb more Se for translocating to aerial tissues and consequently result in significantly higher stalk Se content and (ii) enhancing Se translocation from vegetative tissues to grains. The present study showed that AMF significantly (P < 0.05) increased pre‐anthesis Se uptake under selenate treatment and post‐anthesis Se uptake under selenite treatment.

CONCLUSION

The present study indicated the feasibility of inoculation of AMF for increasing grain Se concentration under selenite treatment and enhancing the efficiency of biofortification of Se under selenate treatments. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Silvopasture systems for restoration of degraded lands in a semiarid region of India
Authors: Kumar Ram Vinod , Roy Ajoy Kumar , Kumar Sunil , Gautam Kamini , Singh Amit Kumar , Ghosh Avijit , Singh Harsh Vardhan , Koli Pushpendra
Published: May 2022

Silvopasture systems (SPSs) provide an opportunities for efficient use of lands, apportioning risk under adverse climate and giving higher returns than other systems. SPSs improve biomass production; however, yield sustainability, nutrient cycling capability and carbon capture capacity of SPSs have remained unexplored in semiarid India. For these, 10‐year old SPS of Ficus infectoria, Morus alba, Acacia nilotica, and Madhuca latifolia comprising of three perennial grasses namely, Cenchrus ciliaris, Chrysopogon fulvus, Panicum maximum, and two perennial legumes namely, Clitoria ternatea and Stylosanthes seabrana in each system were evaluated. Among grasses, Panicum maximum had significantly (p < 0.05) higher mean yield than Chrysopogon fulvus and Cenchrus ciliaris (44% and 153%, respectively). Significantly, Stylosanthes seabrana had 2‐times higher mean productivity than Clitoria ternatea. Among the trees, fodder availability from F. infectoria was ~8.65‐ and 1.07‐times greater than M. latifolia and M. alba, respectively and similar to A. nilotica. Total tree carbon stock of A. nilotica was ~1.52‐, 5.88‐, and 2.16‐times greater than F. infectoria, M. latifolia, and M. alba, respectively. Environmental benefits in terms of soil nutrient status and carbon sequestration were significantly greater under A. nilotica based SPS than others. A. nilotica and M. alba based SPSs had a discounted benefit–cost ratio ~2.2 and internal rate of return >12%. Overall, A. nilotica and M. alba based SPSs could augment yield sustainability, economic profitability and environmental benefit over other SPSs in semiarid India. Hence, they can be recommended as nature based solutions to restore degraded lands in semi‐arid India.
OVERCOMING BIAS IN THE WORKPLACE
Authors: Williams Joan C. , Boginsky Mikayla
Published: May 2022

The authors note that despite good intensions and spending considerable amounts of money, diversity and inclusion efforts by today’s leaders often lack success. Their organization, the Center for WorkLife Law, has developed the Workplace Experiences Survey. They write that “this 10‐minute climate survey pinpoints every basic pattern of unexamined bias based on race, gender and class origin, precisely where bias is playing out (e.g., in hiring, promotions, performance evaluations, etc.), and how it is affecting outcome measures such as belonging and intent to stay.” Across sectors, “the same five patterns of bias emerge,” which in the authors’ words are: Prove‐it‐again bias, tightrope bias, Maternal wall bias, Tug of War bias, and Racial stereotypes. The Center has implemented Individual Bias Interrupters trainings. They write that “we recently delivered this training to a large company and 98% of participants said they had a better understanding of how bias affects people, 96% said they learned new strategies for interrupting bias and 89% said they were likely to use them going forward.” Regarding hiring as a starting point, there are such suggestions as, in their words: Throughout the entire hiring process, mind the metrics; Assembling a diverse candidate pool, and “eliminating bias and improving the interview process.”
The impact and realization mechanism of financial inclusion on multidimensional poverty: Evidence from 426 national‐level impoverished counties in China
Authors: Liu Guibo , Gao Luyang , Wang Feifei
Published: May 2022

We examine the impact of financial inclusion on multidimensional poverty in impoverished counties. The results show that (1) financial inclusion can directly alleviate the multidimensional poverty, but this effect is heterogeneous between different groups. (2) Agricultural industrialization is the realization mechanism of financial inclusion to alleviate multidimensional poverty. We recommend that financial inclusion not only need to solve the problem of credit exclusion faced by the poor but also need to improve the ability of the poor to convert credit funds into production capital and combine financial inclusion with agricultural industrialization in poverty areas.
Patent disclosure strategies of companies participating in standard setting: Based on government regulation perspective
Authors: Hou Junjun , Hou Ya , Li Zijin
Published: May 2022

The patent entry standard raises the technical level, but it also sparked discussion on patent strategic. This paper constructs an evolutionary game model by introducing a supervisory mechanism and conducts simulations to study patent strategy of enterprises participating in standard setting. Moreover, empirical is used to test opportunistic motive. This paper finds that pre‐regulation and post‐punishment have key effect on the equilibrium. With the strengthening of supervision, the system tends to converge on the results of prior disclosure. Companies participating in national standard setting have opportunistic motive to patent applications. The paper enriches the research of intellectual property in standardisation.
Dynamics of a stochastic phytoplankton–toxic phytoplankton–zooplankton system under regime switching
Authors: Liu He , Dai Chuanjun , Yu Hengguo , Guo Qing , Li Jianbing , Hao Aimin , Kikuchi Jun , Zhao Min
Published: May 2022

In this paper, a stochastic phytoplankton–toxic phytoplankton–zooplankton system with Beddington–DeAngelis functional response, where both the white noise and regime switching are taken into account, is studied analytically and numerically. The aim of this research is to study the combined effects of the white noise, regime switching, and toxin‐producing phytoplankton (TPP) on the dynamics of the system. Firstly, the existence and uniqueness of global positive solution of the system is investigated. Then some sufficient conditions for the extinction, persistence in the mean, and the existence of a unique ergodic stationary distribution of the system are derived. Significantly, some numerical simulations are carried to verify our analytical results and show that high intensity of white noise is harmful to the survival of plankton populations, but regime switching can balance the different survival states of plankton populations and decrease the risk of extinction. Additionally, it is found that an increase in the toxin liberation rate produced by TPP will increase the survival chance of phytoplankton, while it will reduce the biomass of zooplankton. All these results may provide some insightful understanding on the dynamics of phytoplankton–zooplankton systems in randomly disturbed aquatic environments.
On the calculation of the discrete spectra of one‐dimensional Dirac operators
Authors: Barrera‐Figueroa Víctor , Rabinovich Vladimir S. , Loredo‐Ramírez Samantha Ana Cristina
Published: May 2022

In this work, we consider the one‐dimensional Dirac operator

where
is Pauli's matrix,
is a
‐matrix representing a regular potential that includes the electrostatic and scalar interactions as well as the anomalous magnetic momentum,
is a singular potential consisting of
delta distributions

(
) are
‐matrices representing the strengths of Dirac deltas, and
is a two‐spinor. We associate to the operator
an unbounded in
symmetric operator denoted by
, where
is the support of singular potential
. The operator
includes only the regular potential
together with certain interaction conditions at each point
. The paper presents a method for determining the discrete spectrum of the operator
for arbitrary potential
whose entries are given by
‐functions. The eigenvalues
of the operator
are the zeros of a dispersion equation
, where the characteristic function
is determined explicitly in terms of power series involving the spectral parameter
. The construction of the characteristic function
from a set of monodromy matrices and the interaction conditions is presented in the paper. Moreover, its power series representation leads to an efficient numerical method for calculating the eigenvalues of the Dirac operator
from the zeros of certain approximate function
which is obtained by truncating the series up to a finite number of terms. Several examples show the applicability and accuracy of the numerical method.