bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Topological Aspects for Metal‐Insulator Transition Superlattice Network
Authors: Huang Rongbing , Muhammad M.H. , Siddiqui M.K. , Khalid S. , Manzoor S. , Bashier E.
Published: March 2022

In this research work, we have explored the physical and topological properties of the crystal structure of metal‐insulator transition superlattice (GST‐SL). In recent times, two‐dimensional substantial have enamored comprehensive considerations owing to their novel ophthalmic and mechanical properties for anticipated employment. Recently, some researchers put their interest in modifying this material into useful forms in human life. Also, Metal‐Insulator Transition Superlattice (GST–SL) is useful in form of a thin film to utilize as two‐dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). Moreover, we have defined the computed‐based bond properties such as the degree constructed topological indices and their heat of formation for single crystal and monolayered structure of Ge‐Sb‐Te. Also, this structure is one of the most interesting composites in modern resources of science.
Research on Humanistic Quality Higher Medical Education Based on Internet of Things and Intelligent Computing
Authors: Shang Rongyu , Qin Yutong
Published: March 2022

The importance of the humanities in promoting economic and social development is becoming increasingly clear. Combining humanities with higher medical education in order to meet the needs of medical talent training in the new situation has become a key component of higher medical education reform and development. Adult higher medical education is an integral part of higher medical education, but it has different training objectives and training objects than regular higher medical education. These technological advancements are certain to hasten the continued emergence of education cloud or industry cloud, create a good information-based environment for education informatization improvement, and pose technical challenges to resource allocation in intelligent computing environments. Humanistic quality higher medical education based on the Internet of Things and intelligent computing makes the efficient intelligent information system more open, interactive, and coordinated, allowing students and teachers to perceive a variety of teaching resources more comprehensively.
[Retracted] Computational Study on the Inhibitory Effect of Natural Compounds against the SARS‐CoV‐2 Proteins
Authors: Jayaraj John Marshal , Jothimani Muralidharan , Palanisamy Chella Perumal , Pentikäinen Olli T. , Pannipara Mehboobali , Al-Sehemi Abdullah G. , Muthusamy Karthikeyan , Gopinath Krishnasamy
Published: March 2022

COVID‐19 is more virulent and challenging to human life. In India, the Ministry of AYUSH recommended some strategies through Siddha, homeopathy, and other methods to effectively manage COVID‐19 (Guidelines for AYUSH Clinical Studies in COVID‐19, 2020). Kabasura Kudineer and homeopathy medicines are in use for the prevention and treatment of COVID‐19 infection; however, the mechanism of action is less explored. This study aims to understand the antagonist activity of natural compounds found in Kabasura Kudineer and homeopathy medicines against the SARS‐CoV‐2 using computational methods. Potential compounds were screened against NSP‐12, NSP‐13, NSP‐14, NSP‐15, main protease, and spike proteins. Structure‐based virtual screening results shows that, out of 14,682 Kabasura Kudineer compounds, the 250395, 129677029, 44259583, 44259584, and 88583189 compounds and, out of 3,112 homeopathy compounds, the 3802778, 320361, 5315832, 14590080, and 74029795 compounds have good scoring function against the SARS‐CoV‐2 structural and nonstructural proteins. As a result of docking, homeopathy compounds have a docking score ranging from −5.636 to 13.631 kcal/mol, while Kabasura Kudineer compounds have a docking score varying from −8.290 to −13.759 kcal/mol. It has been found that the selected compounds bind well to the active site of SARS‐CoV‐2 proteins and form hydrogen bonds. The molecular dynamics simulation study shows that the selected compounds have maintained stable conformation in the simulation period and interact with the target. This study supports the antagonist activity of natural compounds from Kabasura Kudineer and homeopathy against SARS‐CoV‐2’s structural and nonstructural proteins.
The Application of Automatic Identification System Information and PSO-LSTM Neural Network in CRI Prediction
Authors: Zhou Wei , Li Yun , Xiao Yingjie , Zheng Jian
Published: March 2022

Considering that collision accidents happen sometimes, it is necessary to predict the collision risk to ensure navigation safety. With the information construction in maritime and the popularity of automatic identification system application, it is more convenient to obtain ship navigation dynamics. How to obtain ship encounter dynamic parameters through automatic identification system information, assess ship collision risk, find out dangerous target ships, and give early warning and guarantee for ship navigation safety, is a problem that scholars have been studying. As an index to measure the degree of ship collision risk, CRI, namely, collision risk index, is usually obtained by calculating ship encounter parameters and comprehensive analysis. There are many factors that affect CRI, and the values of many parameters depend on expert judgment. The corresponding CRI has nonlinear and complex characteristics, which is highly correlated with the time sequence. In order to enhance the prediction accuracy and efficiency, PSO-LSTM neural network is applied in the paper to predict CRI. Experiments show that PSO-LSTM neural network can effectively predict collision risk and provide a reference for navigation safety.
Image Segmentation under the Optimization Algorithm of Krill Swarm and Machine Learning
Authors: Geng Qiang , Yan Huifeng
Published: March 2022

This study aims to improve the efficiency and accuracy of image segmentation, and to compare and study traditional threshold-based image segmentation methods and machine learning model-based image segmentation methods. The krill herb optimization algorithm is combined with the traditional maximum between-class variance function to form a new graph segmentation algorithm. The pet dataset is used to train the algorithm model and build an image semantic segmentation system. The results show that when the traditional Ostu algorithm performs image single-threshold segmentation, the number of iterations is about 256. When double-threshold segmentation is performed, the number of iterations increases exponentially, and the execution time is about 2 s. The number of iterations of the improved Krill Herd algorithm in single-threshold segmentation is 6.95 times, respectively. The execution time for double-threshold segmentation is about 0.24 s. The number of iterations is only improved by a factor of 0.19. The average classification accuracy of the Unet network model and the SegNet network model is 86.3% and 91.9%, respectively. The average classification accuracy of the DC-Unet network model reaches 93.1%. This shows that the proposed fusion algorithm has high optimization efficiency and stronger practicability in multithreshold image segmentation. The DC-Unet network model can improve the image detail segmentation effect. The research provides a new idea for finding an efficient and accurate image segmentation method.
Video Style Transfer based on Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Dong Sun , Ding Youdong , Qian Yun , Li Mengfan
Published: March 2022

Video style transfer using convolutional neural networks (CNN), a method from the deep learning (DL) field, is described. The CNN model, the style transfer algorithm, and the video transfer process are presented first; then, the feasibility and validity of the proposed CNN-based video transfer method are estimated in a video style transfer experiment on The Eyes of Van Gogh. The experimental results show that the proposed approach not only yields video style transfer but also effectively eliminates flickering and other secondary problems in video style transfer.
A Fusion Algorithm for EEG Signal Processing Based on Motor Imagery Brain-Computer Interface
Authors: Geng Xiaozhong , Xue Song , Yu Ping , Li Dezhi , Yue Mengzhe , Zhang Xi , Wang Linen
Published: March 2022

Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal processing is a very important module in the brain-computer interface system. As an important physiological feature of the human body, EEG signals are closely related to the functional state of the cerebral nervous system. However, the EEG signals collected on the scalp are generally weak and inevitably subject to various noise interferences. In order to remove artifacts from the EEG in brain computer interfaces (BCIs), a fusion algorithm for EEG signal preprocessing is proposed. The fusion method includes the following steps: firstly, the raw EEG signals are separated into a set of statistics independent components (ICs) by the improved FastICA algorithm. Then, each independent component is decomposed into a series of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) by using the improved empirical mode decomposition method (EMD). Many IMFs with high-frequency noise are deleted. The rest of the IMFs are reconstructed. Furthermore, artifacts are further eliminated by iterative process of the improved FastICA algorithm, and then, the EEG signals are reconstructed again by inverse ICA. Finally, the cleaned EEG signal was obtained. The comparative experiment shows that the EMD-ICA fusion algorithm not only accurately eliminates the artifact components but also better retains the local characteristics of the raw EEG. Continuous wavelet transform was used to extract energy features of

μ

rhythm and

β

rhythmic to represent the characteristics of EEG signals under different motor imageries. These two features are normalized and used as the input data of the convolutional neural network (CNN) designed by the paper, and the two kinds of features are learned by CNN, and then, the two-classification problem of motor imagery EEG signals is completed. The experimental results show that the average classification accuracy and kappa value of the proposed method are higher than those of SVM and SAE for most subjects.
Circadian Rhythm Modulates the Therapeutic Activity of Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields on Intervertebral Disc Degeneration in Rats
Authors: Zheng Yi , Hao Yiming , Xia Bing , Mei Liangwei , Li Shengyou , Gao Xue , Ma Teng , Wei Bin , Tan Zhifen , Lan Pingheng , Luo Zhuojing , Jing Da , Huang Jinghui
Published: March 2022

Circadian rhythm (CR) imparts significant benefits in treating multiple diseases, such as heart diseases and arthritis. But the CR effect on intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) therapy remains unclear. Recent studies revealed that pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) are capable of alleviating IVDD. In this study, we evaluated the CR-mediated regulation of PEMF therapeutic effect on IVDD induced by rat tail disc needle puncture. Our results demonstrated that the daytime PEMF stimulation (DPEMF) is more effective than the nighttime PEMF (NPEMF) in delaying IVDD. Moreover, the rats treated with DPEMF maintained better disc stability and histology after 8 weeks, relative to NPEMF. CR and PEMF cotherapies were also examined in cellular models, whereby serum shock was used to induce different levels of clock gene expression in the nucleus pulposus (NP), thus imitating CR in vitro. PEMF at ZT8 (higher level of clock gene expression) correlated with a higher extracellular matrix (ECM) component expression, compared to ZT20 (lower level of clock gene expression). Taken together, these data suggest a strong role of CR in regulating the beneficial effect of PEMF on IVDD. Our findings provide a potential clinical significance of CR in optimizing PEMF positive effects on IVDD.
Design of Online Music Education System Based on Artificial Intelligence and Multiuser Detection Algorithm
Authors: Yan Hua
Published: March 2022

With the development of information technology, online music education has become a mainstream education method. Especially after the outbreak of COVID-19, music teachers have to teach through online. Therefore, an online music education system that can improve the quality of teaching is particularly important. Multiuser detection algorithms and artificial intelligence have important applications in many fields, and the field of music online education is no exception. This paper takes the music teaching of the music distance teaching unit as the goal and conducts sufficient research on the educational subjects such as teachers, students, and administrators. And with the help of the SCMA system multiuser detection algorithm and artificial intelligence technology, the system analysis and design method is used to analyze and design the music teaching function system. The system module involves basic information management, student music assignments, online courses, and other levels, providing an excellent educational system design example for music online education. The conclusion analysis shows that the music online education system based on SCMA system multiuser detection algorithm and artificial intelligence designed in this paper can significantly improve the audience’s music learning efficiency and has obvious benefits to the student group.
Swelling Characteristics of Fractal‐Textured Bentonite Eroded by Alkaline Solution
Authors: Xiang Guosheng , Ye Weimin , Hu Zhijie , Ge Lei , Zhou Yinkang
Published: March 2022

To study the swelling characteristics of bentonite eroded by alkaline solutions, swelling deformation (δs) tests on the bentonite subjected to immersion conditions of NaOH and KOH solutions were conducted. It is found that the δs of bentonite decreases with the increase in the concentration of alkaline solution. The swelling deformation δs of bentonite eroded by NaOH solution exceeds than that in the KOH solution for the same level of concentration. Moreover, by performing XRD tests, it is revealed that the reduced swelling performance of bentonite in alkaline solutions is mainly attributed to the dissolution of the swelling mineral, i.e., montmorillonite (Mt.). The higher the concentration of alkali solution, the stronger the dissolution of Mt., thus leading to more significant attenuation of the swelling properties. Besides, the K+ exhibits low hydration energies, which tends to fit into the silicon‐oxygen tetrahedral cavity of smectite, forming a stronger K‐linkage which leads to closely spaced crystal layers. The e‐pe fractal relation can be calculated using the δs of bentonite eroded by alkaline solution. The e‐pe fitting relation of the experimental data depicts that the dissolution of Mt. minerals in alkaline solution reduces the swelling coefficient κ, however, it increases the surface fractal dimension (Ds).
Design of Garment Style Recommendation System Based on Interactive Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Zhao Yan
Published: March 2022

Recommender systems provide users with product information and suggestions, which has gradually become an important research tool in e-commerce IT technology, which has attracted a lot of attention of researchers. Collaborative filtering recommendation technology has been the most successful recommendation technology so far, but there are two major problems—recommendation quality and scalability. At present, research at home and abroad mainly focuses on recommendation quality, and there is less discussion on scalability. The scalability problem is that as the size of the system increases, the response time of the system increases to a point where users cannot afford it. Existing solutions often result in a significant drop in recommendation quality while reducing recommendation response time. In this paper, the clustering analysis subsystem based on the genetic algorithm is innovatively introduced into the traditional collaborative filtering recommendation system, and its design and implementation are given. In addition, when obtaining the nearest neighbors, only the clustered users of the target user are searched, making it a collaborative filtering recommender system based on genetic clustering. The experimental results show that the response time of the traditional collaborative filtering recommender system increases linearly with the increase in the number of users while the response time of the collaborative filtering recommender system based on genetic clustering remains unchanged with the increase in the number of users. On the other hand, the recommendation quality of the collaborative filtering recommender system based on genetic clustering is basically not degraded compared with that of the traditional collaborative filtering recommender system. Therefore, the collaborative filtering recommender system based on genetic clustering can effectively solve the scalability problem of the collaborative filtering recommender system.
Prognosis Model of Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Based on Max-Min Hill-Climbing Algorithm
Authors: Fu Weizheng , Kan Qingsheng , Li Bin , Zhang Xiaoming
Published: March 2022

A safer and more effective treatment is need for the comprehensive treatment based on chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The max-min hill-climbing (MMHC) is a common algorithm for disease prediction. This study is aimed at analyzing the efficacy of the MMHC algorithm in prognosis evaluation of advanced NSCLC. In this study, the prognosis model of lung cancer was first established by the MMHC algorithm. Then, according to the MMHC algorithm results, 40 patients with advanced NSCLC were divided into the research group and control group before anlotinib hydrochloride capsule combined with pemetrexed disodium chemotherapy. The diameter of solid tumor lesions, objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and progression-free survival (PFS) was compared between the two groups. The results showed that the MMHC model has a higher prediction accuracy of survival status of lung cancer patients. Under the guidance of the model, the research group has a smaller diameter of primary foci and metastatic foci, a higher ORR, DCR, and a longer PFS than the control group (

P
<
0.05

). We can conclude that the MMHC algorithm can guide the maintenance treatment of advanced NSCLC, which is conducive to the prognosis judgment and treatment cost control.
Empirical Analysis for Stock Price Prediction Using NARX Model with Exogenous Technical Indicators
Authors: Dhafer Ali H. , Mat Nor Fauzias , Alkawsi Gamal , Al-Othmani Abdulaleem Z. , Ridzwan Shah Nuradli , Alshanbari Huda M. , Bin Khairi Khairil Faizal , Baashar Yahia
Published: March 2022

Stock price prediction is one of the major challenges for investors who participate in the stock markets. Therefore, different methods have been explored by practitioners and academicians to predict stock price movement. Artificial intelligence models are one of the methods that attracted many researchers in the field of financial prediction in the stock market. This study investigates the prediction of the daily stock prices for Commerce International Merchant Bankers (CIMB) using technical indicators in a NARX neural network model. The methodology employs comprehensive parameter trails for different combinations of input variables and different neural network designs. The study seeks to investigate the optimal artificial neural networks (ANN) parameters and settings that enhance the performance of the NARX model. Therefore, extensive parameter trails were studied for various combinations of input variables and NARX neural network configurations. The proposed model is further enhanced by preprocessing and optimising the NARX model’s input and output parameers. The prediction performance is assessed based on the mean squared error (MSE), R-squared, and hit rate. The performance of the proposed model is compared with other models, and it is shown that the utilisation of technical indicators with the NARX neural network improves the accuracy of one-step-ahead prediction for CIMB stock in Malaysia. The performance of the proposed model is further improved by optimising the input data and neural network parameters. The improved prediction of stock prices could help investors increase their returns from investment in stock markets.
Multidimensional Heterogeneous Network Link Adaptation Based on Mobile Environment
Authors: Li Wenfeng
Published: March 2022

With the development of communication technology, train control operation system develops gradually, which significantly improves the reliability and efficiency of train operation. The current mobile Internet has gradually highlighted the many limitations of the mobile Internet in the high-speed mobile environment, which seriously deteriorate the service quality and user experience, and cause a waste of resources. In order to meet the real-time requirements of network communication resource scheduling in the mobile environment, aiming at the multidimensional dynamic adaptation framework constructed in a mobile environment, a service and network adaptation mechanism based on link failure state prediction is proposed in the paper. First, cross-layer theoretical analysis and actual data analysis are combined to construct a wireless link failure probability model. Then, reliable transmission requirements and transmission overhead are applied to optimize goals. Finally, simulation experiments are carried out according to the railway network data to evaluate the E-GCF adaptation algorithm. The experiment results show that compared with the current mainstream algorithms, the prediction accuracy of this adaptation algorithm is improved by 25%. The execution time of the algorithm is reduced by 9.6 seconds and the successful submission rate is as high as 99.99%. The advantages of the algorithm are significantly superior other algorithms. It proves that the research method of this paper can effectively improve the satisfaction rate and utility value of reliable transmission, as well as enhance the throughput performance. It solves the adaptation problems of frequent switching and low utilization of heterogeneous networks in a mobile environment, which contributes to the high-quality communication service of mobile network.
Efficacy of Camrelizumab in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer and Prognostic Analysis of Different PET/CT Features
Authors: Zou Jinhai , Li Chunying , Han Yu , Xing Yu , Zhan Yingying , Zuo Chao , Ren Xinyue , Xing Rongge , Zhang Nan
Published: March 2022

Objective. To evaluate the efficacy of the PD-1 inhibitor camrelizumab plus chemotherapy in the first-line treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the prognostic differences of patients with different PET/CT features. Methods. Between December 2018 and October 2020, 100 patients with NSCLC assessed for eligibility treated in our institution were recruited and randomly assigned (1 : 1) to receive either the TC regimen chemotherapy (control group) or the TC regimen chemotherapy plus camrelizumab (study group). The primary endpoints were clinical efficacy, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). A decrease of max standard uptake value (SUVmax) of >30% in primary lung cancer was considered as metabolic remission. The prognostic differences of the eligible patients with different PET/CT features were assessed. Survival data were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method to obtain the survival rate and calculate the median survival time. Results. The metabolic remission rate and objective remission rate were significantly higher with chemotherapy plus camrelizumab versus chemotherapy alone. The study group had significantly higher CD3+ and CD4+ T-cell ratios and CD4+/CD8+ ratio and significantly lower CD8+ T-cell ratio than the control group after treatment. PFS (10 months versus 4 months) and OS (

HR
=
37.094

,

P
≤
0.001

) were better with camrelizumab plus chemotherapy versus stand-alone chemotherapy. The incidence of adverse events (AE) was similar between the two groups. The patients in the study group were stratified into metabolic remission and metabolic nonremission based on PET/CT results. Intersubgroup analysis showed significantly better PFS and OS in the metabolic remission group than in the nonmetabolic remission group. Conclusion. The camrelizumab plus chemotherapy as a first-line treatment option for NSCLC significantly increases the survival benefit. Metabolic status shown by PET/CT correlates with long-term prognosis and demonstrates a great potential for early assessment of efficacy to support the choice of treatment regimens.
Extracellular Cardiolipin Modulates Select Immune Functions of Astrocytes in Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) 4-Dependent Manner
Authors: Murray Taryn E. , Wenzel Tyler J. , Simtchouk Svetlana , Greuel Bridget K. , Gibon Julien , Klegeris Andis
Published: March 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by chronic neuroinflammation, which is partially mediated by dysregulated functions of glial cells. Cardiolipin (CL) is a phospholipid normally confined to the inner mitochondrial membrane; however, it has been detected in human sera, indicating that it can exist in the extracellular space where it may interact with nearby cells. Although CL has been shown to modulate several functions of microglia in a toll-like receptor (TLR) 4-dependent manner, the effects of extracellular CL on astrocytes are unknown. In addition to their homeostatic functions, astrocytes participate in neuroimmune responses of the brain and express TLR 4. Therefore, we hypothesized that extracellular CL (1) modulates the secretion of cytokines and cytotoxins by astrocytes, as well as their phagocytic activity, and (2) acts by interacting with astrocyte TLR 4. We demonstrate that CL inhibits the lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced secretion of cytotoxins and expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) by human U118 MG astrocytic cells. CL alone upregulates the phagocytic activity of human astrocytic cells and primary murine astrocytes. CL in combination with LPS upregulates secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β by astrocytic cells. Furthermore, CL alone increases the secretion of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 by astrocytic cells, which is blocked by the TLR 4-specific antagonist TAK-242. We demonstrate that CL upregulates MCP-1 secretion in the absence of its natural carrier protein, β2-glycoprotein 1, indicating that CL may be bioactive in the brain where this protein is not present. Lastly, we show that CL downregulates the expression of astrocytic TLR 4, implying that CL engages this receptor, as its activation has been shown to lead to its degradation. Overall, our study extends the list of cell type functions of which CL modulates and provides evidence that CL, or liposomes containing this phospholipid can be used to modulate specific neuroimmune functions of astrocytes.
Causal Association between Chronic Kidney Disease and Risk of 19 Site-Specific Cancers: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Tang Lei , Li Chunyang , Chen Wenwen , Zeng Yu , Yang Huazhen , Hu Yao , Song Huan , Zeng Xiaoxi , Li Qiu , Fu Ping
Published: March 2022

Background:

Results of previous observational studies examining the risk of cancer among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are conflicting. We here explore the causal relationship between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria, two principal measurements of CKD, and 19 site-specific cancers using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Methods:

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms reported to be strongly correlated with eGFR and albuminuria in recent large genome-wide association studies were used as instrumental variables to investigate the causal relationship with cancer using summary-level statistics from several cancer-specific consortia, as well as data of 347,408 participants in the UK Biobank and 260,405 participants in the FinnGen.

Results:

Our data showed that impaired kidney function was associated with higher odds of leukemia [OR = 1.23; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06–1.43; P = 0.007], cervical cancer (OR = 1.22; 95% CI, 1.04–1.43; P = 0.017), and female renal cell carcinoma (OR = 1.4; 95% CI, 1.12–1.77; P = 0.004), per 10% decrease in eGFR. The ORs were 1.21 (95% CI, 1.07–1.36; P = 0.002) for colorectal cancer and 0.76 (95% CI, 0.62–0.92; P = 0.006) for non–Hodgkin lymphoma, per doubling odds of albuminuria. In multivariable MR, effect sizes of eGFR–cervical cancer remained strong after adjusting for confounders.

Conclusions:

The current study indicates that progression of CKD contributes to carcinogenesis of renal cell carcinoma, leukemia, cervical, and colorectal cancer.

Impact:

The potential association of kidney function and albuminuria with certain cancers warrants further investigation in order to provide appropriate recommendations regarding cancer screening among patients with CKD.
A Genome-Wide Gene-Based Gene–Environment Interaction Study of Breast Cancer in More than 90,000 Women
Authors: Wang Xiaoliang , Chen Hongjie , Kapoor Pooja Middha , Su Yu-Ru , Bolla Manjeet K. , Dennis Joe , Dunning Alison M. , Lush Michael , Wang Qin , Michailidou Kyriaki , Pharoah Paul D.P. , Hopper John L. , Southey Melissa C. , Koutros Stella , Freeman Laura E. Beane , Stone Jennifer , Rennert Gad , Shibli Rana , Murphy Rachel A. , Aronson Kristan , Guénel Pascal , Truong Thérèse , Teras Lauren R. , Hodge James M. , Canzian Federico , Kaaks Rudolf , Brenner Hermann , Arndt Volker , Hoppe Reiner , Lo Wing-Yee , Behrens Sabine , Mannermaa Arto , Kosma Veli-Matti , Jung Audrey , Becher Heiko , Giles Graham G. , Haiman Christopher A. , Maskarinec Gertraud , Scott Christopher , Winham Stacey , Simard Jacques , Goldberg Mark S. , Zheng Wei , Long Jirong , Troester Melissa A. , Love Michael I. , Peng Cheng , Tamimi Rulla , Eliassen Heather , García-Closas Montserrat , Figueroa Jonine , Ahearn Thomas , Yang Rose , Evans D. Gareth , Howell Anthony , Hall Per , Czene Kamila , Wolk Alicja , Sandler Dale P. , Taylor Jack A. , Swerdlow Anthony J. , Orr Nick , Lacey James V. , Wang Sophia , Olsson Håkan , Easton Douglas F. , Milne Roger L. , Hsu Li , Kraft Peter , Chang-Claude Jenny , Lindström Sara
Published: March 2022

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 200 susceptibility loci for breast cancer, but these variants explain less than a fifth of the disease risk. Although gene–environment interactions have been proposed to account for some of the remaining heritability, few studies have empirically assessed this.

We obtained genotype and risk factor data from 46,060 cases and 47,929 controls of European ancestry from population-based studies within the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). We built gene expression prediction models for 4,864 genes with a significant (P < 0.01) heritable component using the transcriptome and genotype data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project. We leveraged predicted gene expression information to investigate the interactions between gene-centric genetic variation and 14 established risk factors in association with breast cancer risk, using a mixed-effects score test.

After adjusting for number of tests using Bonferroni correction, no interaction remained statistically significant. The strongest interaction observed was between the predicted expression of the C13orf45 gene and age at first full-term pregnancy (PGXE = 4.44 × 10−6).

In this transcriptome-informed genome-wide gene–environment interaction study of breast cancer, we found no strong support for the role of gene expression in modifying the associations between established risk factors and breast cancer risk.

Our study suggests a limited role of gene–environment interactions in breast cancer risk.
Dos argonautas aos astronautas: admoestações intertextuais e ensino de literatura
Authors: Cantarin Márcio Matiassi , Campos Valéria Hernandorena Monteagudo de
Published: March 2022

Neste artigo, propõe-se um projeto de ensino de literatura no Ensino Médio com base no “episódio do velho do Restelo”, da epopeia Os Lusíadas, de Luís Vaz de Camões. Inicialmente, investiga-se a importância da intertextualidade para a leitura de textos literários, conforme Bakhtin (1995), Kristeva (1969) e outros. Sintetiza-se, também, a discussão sobre o ensino da leitura e a mediação do professor, assim como a revisão crítica do episódio, a partir de Massaud Moisés (1993), Salvatore D’Onófrio (1970) e Gladstone Chaves de Melo (1988), a fim de se consubstanciar a análise cruzada do discurso do velho do Restelo com os poemas Fala do Velho do Restelo ao Astronauta, de José Saramago, e O Homem; As Viagens, de Carlos Drummond de Andrade. Uma versão preliminar foi aplicada em turmas do primeiro ano do Ensino Médio, guiando-se pelos pressupostos metodológicos do Método Recepcional (BORDINI & AGUIAR, 1993) e da Sequência Expandida (COSSON, 2006).
Fabulação e formação de leitores: uma aventura em O mistério do coelho pensante, de Clarice Lispector
Authors: Baldoino Adriana Morais de Sousa , Tabak Fani Miranda
Published: March 2022

O presente artigo discute a importância da fabulação para a formação de leitores no Ensino Fundamental I, levando em consideração aspectos que norteiam a leitura literária com jovens leitores. Consideram-se elementos fundamentais de recepção e mediação como fatores imprescindíveis a uma possível reflexão prática que atenda aos anseios do processo de fabulação. Partindo da narrativa infantil de Clarice Lispector O mistério do coelho pensante, as atividades propostas dialogam com a percepção da necessidade de uma escuta prolongada da recepção estabelecida pelas crianças e entendida como uma experiência significativa. Os caminhos percorridos na proposta didática estabelecem princípios que atendem a essa escuta, bem como tornam viável um projeto de leitura que possa ressignificar o ensino e a recepção do texto literário com leitores em formação.
A literaturização da escola a partir de uma experiência com Machado de Assis no Ensino Básico
Authors: Modesto Edcleberton de Andrade , Alves Izandra
Published: March 2022

Este artigo discute perspectivas prático-metodológicas acerca do trabalho de leitura do texto literário canônico na escola. A atividade aqui posta em discussão refere-se a um estudo de caso realizado com duas turmas do Ensino Básico, uma do 9º ano da rede municipal e outra do 2º ano técnico integrado ao Ensino Médio de rede federal. O que se discute, então, são os modos como a literatura canônica pode chegar até os estudantes por meio da escola. Além disso, procurou-se identificar como o processo de organização e sistematização da literatura no contexto escolar, na maioria das vezes, compartimentalizada, impossibilita a sua efetiva presença como agente de transformação e acesso ao conhecimento sobre o mundo.
Proposed Cardiac End Points for Clinical Trials in Immunoglobulin Light Chain Amyloidosis: Report From the Amyloidosis Forum Cardiac Working Group
Authors: Maurer Mathew S. , Dunnmon Preston , Fontana Mariana , Quarta Cristina Candida , Prasad Krishna , Witteles Ronald M. , Rapezzi Claudio , Signorovitch James , Lousada Isabelle , Merlini Giampaolo
Published: March 2022

Immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis is a rare, multisystemic, phenotypically heterogenous disease affecting cardiovascular, renal, neurological, and gastrointestinal systems to varying degrees. Its underlying cause is a plasma cell dyscrasia characterized by misfolding of monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains which leads to aggregation and deposition of insoluble amyloid fibrils in target organs. Prognosis is primarily dependent on extent of cardiac involvement and depth of hematologic response to treatment. To facilitate development of new therapies, a public-private partnership was formed between the nonprofit Amyloidosis Research Consortium and the US Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. In 2020, the Amyloidosis Forum launched an initiative to identify novel/composite end points and analytic strategies to expedite clinical trials for development of new therapies for the primary hematologic disorder and organ system manifestations. Specialized working groups identified organ-specific end points; additional working groups reviewed health-related quality of life measures and statistical approaches to data analysis. Each working group comprised amyloidosis experts, patient representatives, statisticians, and representatives from the Food and Drug Administration, the UK Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, and pharmaceutical companies. This review summarizes the proceedings and recommendations of the Cardiac Working Group. Using a modified Delphi method, the group identified, reviewed, and prioritized cardiac end points relevant to immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis in the context of an antiplasma cell therapy. Prioritized cardiovascular end points included overall survival, hospitalization, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide level, 6-minute walk test, Kansas City Cardiac Questionnaire, and cardiac deterioration progression-free survival. These recommended components will be further explored through evaluation of clinical trial datasets and formal guidance from regulatory authorities.
International Trade Liberalization and Domestic Institutional Reform: Effects of WTO Accession on Chinese Internal Migration Policy
Authors: Tian Yuan
Published: March 2022

Economic institutions that impede factor mobility become more costly when an economy experiences substantial transitions such as trade liberalization. I study how trade triggers changes in labor institutions that regulate internal migration in the context of China’s Hukou system. Using a newly collected dataset on prefecture-level migration policies, I document an increase in promigrant regulations following WTO entry and estimate the impact of prefecture-level tariffs on exports on migration regulations from 2001 to 2007. I find that regions facing more export market liberalization enacted more migrant-friendly regulations.
Aging, Secular Stagnation, and the Business Cycle
Authors: Jones Callum
Published: March 2022

By the end of 2019, U.S. output was 14% below the level predicted by its pre-2008 trend. To understand why, I develop and estimate a model of the United States with demographics, real and monetary shocks, and the occasionally binding zero lower bound on nominal rates. Demographic shocks generate slow-moving trends in interest rates, employment, and productivity. Demographics alone can explain about 40% of the gap between log output per capita and its linear trend by 2019. By lowering interest rates, demographic changes caused the zero lower bound to bind after the Great Recession, contributing to the slow recovery.
Navicula fuxianturriformis sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae), a new species from southwest China
Authors: ZHANG YU , GUO JI-SHU , KOCIOLEK JOHN PATRICK , LI YAN-LING
Published: March 2022

Navicula fuxianturriformis sp. nov., collected from Lake Fuxian, Yunnan Province, China, is described as a new species based on light and scanning electron microscope observations. N. fuxianturriformis sp. nov. has lineolate areolae closed by hymenes internally and a peculiar structure of the raphe system where the raphe is elevated internally on a thin longitudinal rib that is laterally expanded at the central area; features that assign it to the genus Navicula. The key diagnostic features of this new species include: 1) lanceolate valves with the cuneate to apiculate apices, 2) mostly long, slit-like, partly round-rectangular areolae on the valve exterior and round to rectangular areolae internally, 3) external distal raphe fissures that are hooked opposite one another, and 4) the oval-elliptical central area, with two to five pairs of irregularly shortened striae. This combination of features distinguishes N. fuxianturriformis from congers such as N. turriformis, N. turris, N. reinhardtii, N. hoevsgoelreinhardtii, N. mongolreinhardtii, N. apiculatoreinhardtii or N. apiculatoreinhardtii f. biseriata. A discussion of the morphological features of this taxon and morphologically-similar species is presented. These findings increase our understanding about the morphology and distribution of the genus Navicula in China.
The novelty Mezilaurus conceicionensis (Lauraceae) and a key to the species of the genus from Brazilian Southeastern
Authors: ALVES FLÁVIO MACEDO , BURKOWSKI MEYER PABLO , CÉZANNE DE SOUZA ASSIS LEANDRO
Published: March 2022

A new species, Mezilaurus conceicionensis (Lauraceae), from Southeastern Brazil, was discovered during fieldwork at Serra da Ferrugem, State of Minas Gerais. This new species is described and illustrated in this study, being distinguished from the remaining species of Mezilaurus species mostly by its globoid fruits. An identification key of the species of Mezilaurus from Southeastern Brazil is presented.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Short Channel Effects on Carbon Nano Tube Field Effect Transistors
Authors: Arul P. , Helen Prabha K.
Published: March 2022

As the direction of World health organization (WHO) report the diseases like male infertility, brain tumor, hearing impairment, fetus issues, effect on eyes and other various parts of the human body caused by harmful radiations released by portable electronic devices. To reduce radiation
and size, a deep scaling has been applied on MOSFETs. Due to this aggressive scaling MOSFET devices are affected by Short Channel Effects (SCE) in Nanometer regime (<10 nm). The Short Channel Effects Such as Subthreshold Swing (SS), Drain Induced barrier Lowering (DIBL) and threshold voltage
roll-off (VT), plays a key role in determining the performance of CMOS devices. At Nano-meter scale Carbon Nano Tube FETs (CNTFETs) devices might be furnished with good control on leakage current and power consumption. The comparative analysis of Subthreshold Swing (SS), Drain Induced
Barrier Lowering (DIBL) and Ion/Ioff ratio on Conventional Single Gate MOSFET (C-MOSFET), Double Gate MOSFET (DG-MOSFET) and CNTFET devices are presented in this paper. The results of comparative analysis show that CNTFET exhibits 133% times more Ion/Ioff
ratio than MOSFET and very less change in Subthreshold swing and DIBL.
Calculation of Dispersion Characteristics of Finlines Loaded with Anisotropic Left and Right Hand Materials
Authors: Sun Hai
Published: March 2022

In this paper, the edge-based finite element formula for calculating the dispersion characteristics of transmission lines loaded with anisotropic left handed materials and anisotropic right handed materials with electric field as working variable is derived, and the calculation is carried
out by taking unilateral finline, bilateral finline and antipodal overlapping finline as examples. Firstly, the dispersion characteristics of three modes in three kinds of finlines are compared when the relative dielectric constant and permeability are fixed; Secondly, taking the unilateral
fin line as an example, the changes of dispersion characteristics with the changes of relative dielectric constant and relative permeability in each direction are calculated. The calculation method and results derived in this paper further expand the application of anisotropic left handed
and right handed materials in transmission lines, and also have great guiding significance for the use of finlines in microwave devices such as mixers, filters and resonators.
A Statistical Analysis of Total Lightning Flashes and Peak Current from High-Resolution ENTLN Measurements in South China during 2017
Authors: Zou Qiangli , Cui Xiaopeng , Zhang Da-Lin , Zheng Dong , Chen Lyuwen
Published: March 2022

In this study, the spatiotemporal characteristics of total lightning, including cloud-to-ground (CG) and intracloud (IC), flashes and the peak current of CG flashes are investigated using the observations from the Earth Networks Total Lightning Network (ENTLN) during 2017 over Guangdong Province, China, and its adjacent offshore regions, which are the capital of lightning activity and convective rainfall in China. The ENTLN detects 2 825 558 IC and 569 104 CG flashes, accounting for 83.2% and 16.8% of annual-total lightning flashes, respectively, and they are distributed during 224 lightning days or 3316 lightning hours over the regions. The lightning activity peaks in June (IC) and July (CG) with a diurnal peak at 1500 LST. On average, about 70 lightning days with 20 flashes per kilometer squared per year occur inland, and double that many occur offshore. High lightning days and flash density are found in the central and southwestern mountainous region and the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay area, where convective activity is high. An analysis of the CG observations reveals that negative CG (NCG) produce an average of 1.96 strokes, with 5% of them having more than six return strokes. The peak currents of NCG strokes increase with increasing multiplicity. Results also show that the peak current and accumulated value of NCG flashes are the appropriate indicators to characterize the intensity of lightning activity in terms of spatiotemporal variations, especially in the mountainous region. It is concluded that IC observations provide more distinct spatial distribution of lightning activity than CG flashes; and those appropriate indicators should be used to represent the peak current of multistroke NCG flashes.
Validation of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Organ Injury Scale for Penetrating Colon Injuries
Authors: Zeineddin Ahmad , Crandall Marie , Tominaga Gail T. , Kozar Rosemary A.
Published: March 2022

In 2020, the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) published a revision of the organ injury scale (OIS) for bowel injuries. The update included for the first time a separate OIS for penetrating colon injuries as well as imaging criteria. To validate the new OIS and its correlation with outcomes, we performed a retrospective review of patients with penetrating colon injuries (AIS<3 in other body regions) between 2016 and 2020 at a single institution. Sixty-six patients met inclusion criteria. Most were young (29 years median) and male (90%). All underwent operative intervention and 23 (34%) had pre-operative imaging. Imaging grade was higher than operative grade in 11 patients (48%). Higher AAST operative grade was associated with a higher likelihood of resection and anastomosis or colostomy, need for damage control laparotomy, and development of intra-abdominal abscess and acute kidney injury. A multicenter study is underway to confirm these findings.
The Politics of Legislative Expansion in Africa
Authors: Gerzso Thalia , van de Walle Nicolas
Published: March 2022

The number of seats in national legislatures around the world rarely changes. Yet, in Africa, a substantial number of countries have regularly increased the size of their legislatures, and these increases have become more common in recent years. Previous research on political offices in Africa’s electoral autocracies has suggested that their numbers and increases are largely motivated by patronage and clientelist considerations. Is this also the case for national legislatures? Curiously, very little political science scholarship exists on legislature size, either in Africa or the rest of the world. Using a mixture of descriptive statistics to present a new database, as well as econometrics and three case studies, we find that legislative expansion can be linked to executive branch manipulation. Presidents have found it politically useful to expand the size of African legislatures to weaken and/or control it.