bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formulation Comprising Arsenic Trioxide and Dimercaprol Enhances Radiosensitivity of Pancreatic Cancer Xenografts
Authors: Tang Renyan , Zhu Jianmin , Liu Ying , Wu Ning , Han Jinbin
Published: August 2021

Objective:

To investigate the efficacy of a formula comprising arsenic trioxide and dimercaprol (BAL-ATO) as a radiosensitizing agent in model mice with pancreatic cancer xenografts.

Methods:

Female BALB/c nude mice bearing SW1990 human pancreatic cancer xenografts were divided into four treatment arms, including control, radiotherapy (RT), BAL-ATO, and RT + BAL-ATO groups. Survival and tumor volume were analyzed. We also assessed apoptosis in tumor samples by live imaging and detected hypoxia by confocal laser microscope observation. We further investigated the mechanisms of BAL-ATO action in RT by detecting affected proteins by western blot and immunohistochemistry assays.

Results:

Median survival was significantly longer in the RT + BAL-ATO group (64.5 days) compared with the control (49.5 days), RT (39 days), and BAL-ATO (48 days) groups ( P < 0.001). RT + BAL-ATO inhibited the growth of tumors in mice by 73% compared with the control group, which was significantly higher than the rate of inhibition following RT alone (59%) ( P < 0.01). Further analysis showed an improved microenvironment in terms of hypoxia in tumors treated with BAL-ATO alone or RT + BAL-ATO. Expression of signaling molecules associated with pancreatic cancer stem cells, including CD24, CD44, ALDH1A1, Gli-1, and Nestin, was detected in tumors treated with BAL-ATO alone or in combination with RT.

Conclusion:

These data suggest that BAL-ATO function as a radiosensitizer in mice with pancreatic cancer xenografts, via mechanisms involving hypoxia reduction and inhibition of signaling pathways associated with pancreatic cancer stem cells. BAL-ATO may thus be a promising radiosensitizing agent in patients with pancreatic cancer.
Interpersonal Chemistry: What Is It, How Does It Emerge, and How Does It Operate?
Authors: Reis Harry T. , Regan Annie , Lyubomirsky Sonja
Published: August 2021

Although chemistry is a well-known, sought-after interpersonal phenomenon, it has remained relatively unexplored in the psychological literature. The purpose of this article is to begin articulating a theoretically grounded and precise definition of interpersonal chemistry. To that end, we propose a conceptual model of interpersonal chemistry centered around the notion that when two or more individuals experience chemistry with one another, they experience their interaction as something more than the sum of their separate contributions. Our model stipulates that chemistry encompasses both behavior (i.e., what chemistry “looks like”) and its perception (i.e., what it “feels like”). The behavior involves interaction sequences in which synchronicity is high and in which people’s goals are expressed and responded to in supportive and encouraging ways. The perception of chemistry includes cognitive (i.e., perception of shared identity), affective (i.e., positive affect and attraction), and behavioral (i.e., perceived goal-relevant coordination) components. We review existing research on chemistry as well as supporting evidence from relevant topics (e.g., attraction, similarity, perceived partner responsiveness, synchrony) that inform and support this model. We hope that this conceptual model stimulates research to identify the circumstances in which chemistry arises and the processes by which it affects individuals, their interactions, and their relationships.
Fofola e Fala ka e Talanoa e Kainga
Authors: Havea Sesimani , Alefaio-Tugia Siautu , Hodgetts Darrin
Published: August 2021

There is limited knowledge of how Pacific-indigenous approaches can aid efforts to curtail violence within the kainga (families). This article documents aspects of the inaugural application of the Tongan conceptual framework of Fofola e fala ka e talanoa e kainga (laying out the mat so families can dialogue) as part of the faith-based Kainga Tu’umalie (prosperous families) family violence intervention and prevention program in Aotearoa New Zealand. Fofola e fala symbolizes a place of safety and refuge for every member of the kainga to freely express their feelings. The first two authors were involved in evaluating the program with the first author engaged in direct observations and being immersed in Kainga Tu’umalie retreats. Given their depth of cultural knowledge and involvement in the development of this program, seven faith-based community leaders were engaged in talanoa (Pacific-indigenous way of dialogue and discussion). Participant accounts form the core basis of our analysis, which highlights the significance of Kainga Tu’umalie as a violence prevention program for Tongan families. Of key consideration is the importance of Tongan-indigenous approaches to reducing family violence that draw from a combination of traditional cultural knowledge and Christian values that are central to the realities of being Tongan today.
Social Media Context Collapse: The Consequential Differences Between Context Collusion Versus Context Collision
Authors: Loh Jennifer (M.I) , Walsh Michael James
Published: August 2021

Context collapse blurs the boundaries between public, private, and professional selves and has emerged as an important research focus in relation to vocational identity. However, the conditions under which context collapse occur have been empirically neglected in the literature. Utilizing Davis and Jurgenson’s theoretical framework of context collapse (i.e., context collusion and context collision) and Erving Goffman’s theory of face-work, this study seeks to determine the consequential outcomes associated with the different context collapse conditions in two phases (Quasi-experimental in Phase 1 and open-ended questions in Phase 2). Specifically, a quasi-experimental study with scenarios was used to examine whether intentionality within context collusion and context collision influenced participants’ perception of loss of face and affect. First-year tertiary students ( N = 151) who were also working were randomly selected from a capital state university student population and asked to respond to hypothetical online context collapse scenarios. Multivariate analysis of variance was conducted and the results indicated that context collapse has significant impact on participants’ loss of face and affect (emotion). In addition, a follow-up analysis of variance reveals partial support for the significant impact of context collapse on loss of face and affect.
Monoclinic–orthorhombic first-order phase transition in K2ZnSi5O12 leucite analogue; transition mechanism and spontaneous strain analysis
Authors: Bell Anthony M.T. , Clegg Francis , Henderson Christopher M.B.
Published: August 2021

Hydrothermally synthesised K2ZnSi5O12 has a polymerised framework structure with the same topology as leucite (KAlSi2O6, tetragonal I41/a), which has two tetrahedrally coordinated Al3+ cations replaced by Zn2+ and Si4+. At 293 K it has a cation-ordered framework P21/c monoclinic structure with lattice parameters a = 13.1773(2) Å, b = 13.6106(2) Å, c = 13.0248(2) Å and β = 91.6981(9)°. This structure is isostructural with K2MgSi5O12, the first cation-ordered leucite analogue characterised. With increasing temperature, the P21/c structure transforms reversibly to cation-ordered framework orthorhombic Pbca. This transition takes place over the temperature range 848−863 K where both phases coexist; there is an ~1.2% increase in unit cell volume between 843 K (P21/c) and 868 K (Pbca), characteristic of a first-order, displacive, ferroelastic phase transition. Spontaneous strain analysis defines the symmetry- and non-symmetry related changes and shows that the mechanism is weakly first order; the two-phase region is consistent with the mechanism being a strain-related martensitic transition.
Reducing burden from respiratory infections in refugees and immigrants: a systematic review of interventions in OECD, EU, EEA and EU-applicant countries
Authors: Lambert Jan-Frederic , Stete Katarina , Balmford James , Bockey Annabelle , Kern Winfried , Rieg Siegbert , Boeker Martin , Lange Berit
Published: August 2021

Background

Respiratory diseases are a major reason for refugees and other immigrants seeking health care in countries of arrival. The burden of respiratory diseases in refugees is exacerbated by sometimes poor living conditions characterised by crowding in mass accommodations and basic living portals. The lack of synthesised evidence and guideline-relevant information to reduce morbidity and mortality from respiratory infections endangers this population.

Methods

A systematic review of all controlled and observational studies assessing interventions targeting the treatment, diagnosis and management of respiratory infections in refugees and immigrants in OECD, EU, EEA and EU-applicant countries published between 2000 and 2019 in MEDLINE, CINAHL, PSYNDEX and the Web of Science.

Results

Nine of 5779 identified unique records met our eligibility criteria. Seven studies reported an increase in vaccine coverage from 2 to 52% after educational multilingual interventions for respiratory-related childhood diseases (4 studies) and for influenza (5 studies). There was limited evidence in one study that hand sanitiser reduced rates of upper respiratory infections and when provided together with face masks also the rates of influenza-like-illness in a hard to reach migrant neighbourhood. In outbreak situations of vaccine-preventable diseases, secondary cases and outbreak hazards were reduced by general vaccination strategies early after arrival but not by serological testing after exposure (1 study). We identified evidence gaps regarding interventions assessing housing standards, reducing burden of bacterial pneumonia and implementation of operational standards in refugee care and reception centres.

Conclusions

Multilingual health literacy interventions should be considered to increase uptake of vaccinations in refugees and immigrants. Immediate vaccinations upon arrival at refugee housings may reduce secondary infections and outbreaks. Well-designed controlled studies on housing and operational standards in refugee and immigrant populations early after arrival as well as adequate ways to gain informed consent for early vaccinations in mass housings is required to inform guidelines.
Clinical, surgical characteristics and long-term outcomes of lumbar hernia
Authors: Shen Chaoyong , Zhang Guixiang , Zhang Sen , Yin Yuan , Zhang Bo , Song Yinghan , Lei Wenzhang
Published: August 2021

Background/Aim

Lumbar hernia is caused by a defect in the abdominal wall. Due to its rarity, there is no established consensus on optimal treatment for lumbar hernia yet. Thus, we here investigated the clinical, surgical characteristics and outcomes of lumbar hernia by collecting 28 such patients from our hospital.

Methods

Patients diagnosed with lumbar hernia from our institution between April 2011 and August 2020 were retrospectively collected in this study. Demographics, clinical characteristics and surgical information were recorded.

Results

A consecutive series of 28 patients with lumbar hernia were retrospectively collected, including 13 males (46%) and 15 females (54%). The ages of the patients ranged from 5 to 79 years (median: 55 years), with a mean age of 55.6 ± 14.9 years. A total of 7 cases had a history of previous lumbar trauma or surgery. There were 11 (39%), 15 (54%) and 2 (7.1%) cases had right, left and bilateral lumbar hernia, respectively. Superior and inferior lumbar hernia were found in 25 (89%) and 3 (11%) patients. General anesthesia was adopted in 16 cases (group A), whereas 12 patients received local anesthesia (group B). Patients in the group B had a shorter hospital stay than that of the group A (3.5 ± 1.3 days vs. 7.1 ± 3.2 days, p = 0.001), as well as total hospitalization expenses between the two groups (2989 ± 1269 dollars vs. 1299 ± 229 dollars, p < 0.001). With a median follow-up duration of 45.9 months (range: 1–113 months), only 1 (3%) lumbar hernias recurred for the entire cohort.

Conclusions

Lumbar hernia is a relatively rare entity, and inferior lumbar hernia is rarer. It is feasible to repair lumbar hernia under local anesthesia.
TIPE2 inhibits PDGF-BB-induced phenotype switching in airway smooth muscle cells through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Huiyuan , Zhong Bo , Geng Yan , Hao Juanjuan , Jin Qiaoyan , Zhang Yang , Dong Lijuan , Gao Dan , Li Jing , Hou Wei
Published: August 2021

Background

Childhood asthma is a common respiratory disease characterized by airway inflammation. Tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein 8-like 2 (TIPE2) has been found to be involved in the progression of asthma. This study aimed to explore the role of TIPE2 in the regulation of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs), which are one of the main effector cells in the development of asthma.

Materials and methods

ASMCs were transfected with pcDNA3.0-TIPE2 or si-TIPE2 for 48 h and then treated with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB. Cell proliferation of ASMCs was measured using the MTT assay. Cell migration of ASMCs was determined by a transwell assay. The mRNA expression levels of calponin and smooth muscle protein 22α (SM22α) were measured using qRT-PCR. The levels of TIPE2, calponin, SM22α, PI3K, p-PI3K, Akt, and p-Akt were detected by Western blotting.

Results

Our results showed that PDGF-BB treatment significantly reduced TIPE2 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels in ASMCs. Overexpression of TIPE2 inhibited PDGF-BB-induced ASMC proliferation and migration. In addition, overexpression of TIPE2 increased the expression of calponin and SM22α in PDGF-BB-stimulated ASMCs. However, an opposite effect was observed with TIPE2 knockdown. Furthermore, TIPE2 overexpression blocked PDGF-BB-induced phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt, whereas the expression of p-PI3K and p-Akt were aggravated by TIPE2 knockdown. Additionally, the effects of TIPE2 overexpression and TIPE2 knockdown were altered by IGF-1 and LY294002 treatments, respectively.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate that TIPE2 inhibits PDGF-BB-induced ASMC proliferation, migration, and phenotype switching via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Thus, TIPE2 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of asthma.
Putting them on a strong spiritual path: Indigenous doulas responding to the needs of Indigenous mothers and communities
Authors: Cidro Jaime , Doenmez Caroline , Sinclair Stephanie , Nychuk Alexandra , Wodtke Larissa , Hayward Ashley
Published: August 2021

Objective

In the past few years, increasing numbers of Indigenous doula collectives have been forming across Canada. Indigenous doulas provide continuous, culturally appropriate support to Indigenous women during pregnancy, birth, and the post-partum period. This support is critical to counter systemic medical racism and socioeconomic barriers that Indigenous families disproportionately face. This paper analyzes interviews with members of five Indigenous doula collectives to demonstrate their shared challenges, strategies, and missions.

Methods

Qualitative interviews were conducted with members of five Indigenous doula collectives across Canada in 2020. Interviews were transcribed and returned to participants for their approval. Approved transcripts were then coded by all members of the research team to ascertain the dominant themes emerging across the interviews.

Results

Two prominent themes emerged in the interviews. The first theme is “Indigenous doulas responding to community needs.” Participants indicated that responding to community needs involves harm reduction and trauma-informed care, supporting cultural aspects of birthing and family, and helping clients navigate socioeconomic barriers. The second theme is “Indigenous doulas building connections with mothers.” Participants’ comments on providing care to mothers emphasize the importance of advocacy in healthcare systems, boosting their clients’ confidence and skills, and being the “right” doula for their clients. These two inter-related themes stem from Indigenous doulas’ efforts to counter dynamics in healthcare and social services that can be harmful to Indigenous families, while also integrating cultural teachings and practices.

Conclusion

This paper illustrates that Indigenous doula care responds to a wide range of issues that affect Indigenous women’s experiences of pregnancy, birth, and the post-partum period. Through building strong, trusting, and non-judgemental connections with mothers and responding to community needs, Indigenous doulas play a critical role in countering medical racism in hospital settings and advancing the resurgence of Indigenous birthing sovereignty.
Evaluation of antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid for the diagnosis of tick-borne encephalitis in dogs
Authors: Alnefelt Yvonne , Van Meervenne Sofie , Varjonen Katarina , Tidholm Anna , Rohdin Cecilia
Published: August 2021

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is caused by the neurotropic tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). In dogs, this virus may affect the central nervous system (CNS), causing meningoencephalitis, meningomyelitis, radiculitis or any combination of these. Diagnosis of TBE relies on a combination of clinical signs of CNS disease and laboratory findings, including CSF pleocytosis and serum TBEV antibody titers. Exposure to TBEV does not necessarily cause clinical disease, and seroprevalence has been reported as high as 40% in endemic areas. This causes concerns of over-diagnosing TBE in dogs with CNS disease. By examining TBEV antibodies in dogs with and without neurological disease in a TBEV endemic area, this study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of TBEV antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in dogs. Eighty-nine dogs were included in the study, 56 with neurological disease and 33 neurologically normal control dogs. A positive TBEV CSF and serum IgG antibody titer (> 126 U/mL) was found in 3/89 dogs (3.4%). A positive serum TBEV antibody titer was found in 11 of the 89 dogs (12.4%). None of the control dogs showed a positive CSF antibody titer, whilst two showed positive serum concentrations. A positive CSF IgG antibody titer supports a clinical diagnosis of TBE in patients with acute onset of CNS disease and may help reduce the risk of over-diagnosis.
The component of the m6A writer complex VIRMA is implicated in aggressive tumor phenotype, DNA damage response and cisplatin resistance in germ cell tumors
Authors: Miranda-Gonçalves Vera , Lobo João , Guimarães-Teixeira Catarina , Barros-Silva Daniela , Guimarães Rita , Cantante Mariana , Braga Isaac , Maurício Joaquina , Oing Christoph , Honecker Friedemann , Nettersheim Daniel , Looijenga Leendert H. J. , Henrique Rui , Jerónimo Carmen
Published: August 2021

Background

Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are developmental cancers, tightly linked to embryogenesis and germ cell development. The recent and expanding field of RNA modifications is being increasingly implicated in such molecular events, as well as in tumor progression and resistance to therapy, but still rarely explored in GCTs. In this work, and as a follow-up of our recent study on this topic in TGCT tissue samples, we aim to investigate the role of N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most abundant of such modifications in mRNA, in in vitro and in vivo models representative of such tumors.

Methods

Four cell lines representative of GCTs (three testicular and one mediastinal), including an isogenic cisplatin resistant subline, were used. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockdown of VIRMA was established and the chorioallantoic membrane assay was used to study its phenotypic effect in vivo.

Results

We demonstrated the differential expression of the various m6A writers, readers and erasers in GCT cell lines representative of the major classes of these tumors, seminomas and non-seminomas, and we evidenced changes occurring upon differentiation with all-trans retinoic acid treatment. We showed differential expression also among cells sensitive and resistant to cisplatin treatment, implicating these players in acquisition of cisplatin resistant phenotype. Knockdown of VIRMA led to disruption of the remaining methyltransferase complex and decrease in m6A abundance, as well as overall reduced tumor aggressiveness (with decreased cell viability, tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion) and increased sensitivity to cisplatin treatment, both in vitro and confirmed in vivo. Enhanced response to cisplatin after VIRMA knockdown was related to significant increase in DNA damage (with higher γH2AX and GADD45B levels) and downregulation of XLF and MRE11.

Conclusions

VIRMA has an oncogenic role in GCTs confirming our previous tissue-based study and is further involved in response to cisplatin by interfering with DNA repair. These data contribute to our better understanding of the emergence of cisplatin resistance in GCTs and support recent attempts to therapeutically target elements of the m6A writer complex.
A randomized controlled trial to determine whether beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate and/or eicosapentaenoic acid improves diaphragm and quadriceps strength in critically Ill mechanically ventilated patients
Authors: Supinski Gerald S. , Netzel Paul F. , Westgate Philip M. , Schroder Elizabeth A. , Wang Lin , Callahan Leigh Ann
Published: August 2021

Background

Intensive care unit acquired weakness is a serious problem, contributing to respiratory failure and reductions in ambulation. Currently, there is no pharmacological therapy for this condition. Studies indicate, however, that both beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) increase muscle function in patients with cancer and in older adults. The purpose of this study was to determine whether HMB and/or EPA administration would increase diaphragm and quadriceps strength in mechanically ventilated patients.

Methods

Studies were performed on 83 mechanically ventilated patients who were recruited from the Medical Intensive Care Units at the University of Kentucky. Diaphragm strength was assessed as the trans-diaphragmatic pressure generated by supramaximal magnetic phrenic nerve stimulation (PdiTw). Quadriceps strength was assessed as leg force generated by supramaximal magnetic femoral nerve stimulation (QuadTw). Diaphragm and quadriceps thickness were assessed by ultrasound. Baseline measurements of muscle strength and size were performed, and patients were then randomized to one of four treatment groups (placebo, HMB 3 gm/day, EPA 2 gm/day and HMB plus EPA). Strength and size measurements were repeated 11 days after study entry. ANCOVA statistical testing was used to compare variables across the four experimental groups.

Results

Treatments failed to increase the strength and thickness of either the diaphragm or quadriceps when compared to placebo. In addition, treatments also failed to decrease the duration of mechanical ventilation after study entry.

Conclusions

These results indicate that a 10-day course of HMB and/or EPA does not improve skeletal muscle strength in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients. These findings also confirm previous reports that diaphragm and leg strength in these patients are profoundly low. Additional studies will be needed to examine the effects of other anabolic agents and innovative forms of physical therapy.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01270516. Registered 5 January 2011, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01270516?term=Supinski&draw=2&rank=4.
NucHMM: a method for quantitative modeling of nucleosome organization identifying functional nucleosome states distinctly associated with splicing potentiality
Authors: Fang Kun , Li Tianbao , Huang Yufei , Jin Victor X.
Published: August 2021

We develop a novel computational method, NucHMM, to identify functional nucleosome states associated with cell type-specific combinatorial histone marks and nucleosome organization features such as phasing, spacing and positioning. We test it on publicly available MNase-seq and ChIP-seq data in MCF7, H1, and IMR90 cells and identify 11 distinct functional nucleosome states. We demonstrate these nucleosome states are distinctly associated with the splicing potentiality of skipping exons. This advances our understanding of the chromatin function at the nucleosome level and offers insights into the interplay between nucleosome organization and splicing processes.
Variation in movement patterns of mule deer: have we oversimplified migration?
Authors: van de Kerk Madelon , Larsen Randy T. , Olson Daniel D. , Hersey Kent R. , McMillan Brock R.
Published: August 2021

Background

Conservation and management of migratory animals has gained attention in recent years, but the majority of research has focused on stereotypical ‘migrant’ and ‘resident’ behaviors, often failing to incorporate any atypical behaviors or characterize migratory behaviors beyond distance and timing of the migration. With migration threatened by anthropogenic development and climate change, it is crucial that we understand the full range of migratory behaviors. Our objective was to demonstrate and characterize the variation in migration strategies, including typical and atypical migratory behaviors for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in Utah, USA.

Methods

Because calculation of common metrics such as distance, timing, and use of stopovers during migration did not adequately describe the variation we observed in migratory behavior for this species—particularly when animals visited multiple (> 3) ranges for extended lengths of time—we developed additional methods and categories to describe observed variation in migratory behavior. We first categorized trajectories based on the number of discrete, separate ranges and range shifts between them. Then, we further characterized the variation in migration strategies by examining the timing, duration, and distance traveled within each of the categories. We also examined if and how frequently individual deer switched among categories from year to year.

Results

We classified 1218 movement trajectories from 722 adult female mule deer, and found that 54.4% were dual-range migrants, who made one round-trip to one distinct range. Multi-range migrants (23.6%) made one round-trip during which they stayed at multiple discrete ranges. Commuters (1.0%) traveled to the same range multiple times, and poly migrants (1.5%) made multiple round-trips to different ranges. Gradual movers (2.5%) did not show a discrete range shift but moved gradually between ranges, whereas residents (12.6%) never left their home ranges, and dispersers (4.4%) left but never returned. Of the deer that we monitored for multiple years, 51.2% switched among categories.

Conclusion

We conclude that the substantial number of atypical migratory strategies, as well as the number of deer that switched categories, underlines the importance of studying these less-stereotyped behaviors that may be exhibited by large proportions of populations. Acknowledging and investigating the full complexity and diversity in migratory strategies might uncover unknowns with respect to underlying factors and drivers of migration, and can help shape effective conservation strategies.
Interstitial washdown and vascular albumin refill during fluid infusion: novel kinetic analysis from three clinical trials
Authors: Hahn Robert G. , Dull Randal O.
Published: August 2021

Background and aims

Increased capillary filtration may paradoxically accelerate vascular refill of both fluid and albumin from the interstitial space, which is claimed to be edema-preventing. We characterized this proposed mechanism, called “interstitial washdown”, by kinetic analyses of the hemodilution induced by intravenous infusion of crystalloid fluid during 3 distinct physiological states.

Methods

Greater plasma dilution of hemoglobin as compared to albumin during fluid therapy indicated recruitment of albumin, which was compared to the flow of interstitial fluid to the plasma as indicated by population volume kinetic analysis. Data for the comparison were derived from 24 infusions of crystalloid fluid in conscious volunteers, 30 in anesthetized patients, and 31 in patients with ketoacidosis from hyperglycemia.

Results

“Interstitial washdown” increased the plasma albumin concentration by between 0.3 and 1.0 g/L in the three series of infusions. The initial albumin concentration in the interstitial fluid returning to the plasma was estimated to between 22 g/L and 29 g/L, which decreased to an average of 50–75% lower during the subsequent 2–3 h. Kinetic simulations show that pronounced washdown was associated with increased capillary filtration (high k12) and, in conscious subjects, with greater plasma and interstitial volume expansion and restricted urine flow. During anesthesia, the main effect was an increase in the non-exchangeable fluid volume (“third-spacing”).

Conclusions

Crystalloid fluid accelerates lymphatic flow that moderately increases plasma albumin, but more clearly helps to maintain the intravascular volume. This “interstitial washdown” mechanism becomes exhausted after a few hours.
Self-excited air flow passage changing device for periodic pressurization of soft robot
Authors: Takayama Toshio , Sumi Yusuke
Published: August 2021

Recently pneumatic-driven soft robots have been widely developed. Usually, the operating principle of this robot is the inflation and deflation of elastic inflatable chambers by air pressure. Some soft robots need rapid and periodic inflation and deflation of their air chambers to generate continuous motion such as progress motion or rotational motion. However, if the soft robot needs to operate far from the air pressure source, long air tubes are required to supply air pressure to its air chambers. As a result, there is a large delay in supplying air pressure to the air chamber, and the motion of the robot slows down. In this paper, we propose a compact device that changes its airflow passages by self-excited motion generated by a supply of continuous airflow. The diameter and the length of the device are 20 and 50 mm, respectively, and can be driven in a small pipe. Our proposed in-pipe mobile robot is connected to the device and can move in a small pipe by dragging the device into it. To apply the device widely to other soft robots, we also discuss a method of adjusting the output pressure and motion frequency.
Update on shedding and transmission routes of porcine haemotrophic mycoplasmas in naturally and experimentally infected pigs
Authors: Ade Julia , Ritzmann Mathias , Wöstmann Christopher , Eddicks Matthias , Reese Sven , Hoelzle Katharina , Hoelzle Ludwig E. , Stadler Julia
Published: August 2021

Horizontal transmission of Mycoplasma suis via parenteral exposure during standard practices or through bites during fightings have been identified as key epidemiological routes. However, as knowledge gaps on other potential shedding and transmission routes exist, the present study combines both laboratory experiments and field surveys to gain new insights into the epidemiology of porcine haemotrophic mycoplasmas. Splenectomised pigs were orally inoculated with a M. suis field strain and investigated for clinical signs related to infectious anaemia of pigs (IAP) and the presence of M. suis in blood, urine and saliva samples by qPCR. All blood samples were negative for M. suis and animals did not show obvious clinical signs of IAP throughout the entire study period. Additionally, urine, nasal and saliva samples from sows of conventional piglet producing farms and semen samples from a boar stud revealed no detection of M. suis and ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemosuis’ by qPCR. Thus, the results indicate that blood-independent transmission routes might be of minor relevance under field conditions.
MRI with ultrahigh field strength and high-performance gradients: challenges and opportunities for clinical neuroimaging at 7 T and beyond
Authors: Vachha Behroze , Huang Susie Y.
Published: August 2021

Research in ultrahigh magnetic field strength combined with ultrahigh and ultrafast gradient technology has provided enormous gains in sensitivity, resolution, and contrast for neuroimaging. This article provides an overview of the technical advantages and challenges of performing clinical neuroimaging studies at ultrahigh magnetic field strength combined with ultrahigh and ultrafast gradient technology. Emerging clinical applications of 7-T MRI and state-of-the-art gradient systems equipped with up to 300 mT/m gradient strength are reviewed, and the impact and benefits of such advances to anatomical, structural and functional MRI are discussed in a variety of neurological conditions. Finally, an outlook and future directions for ultrahigh field MRI combined with ultrahigh and ultrafast gradient technology in neuroimaging are examined.
Aortic remodelling and false lumen changes after the frozen elephant trunk technique using the thoraflex hybrid stented graft for aortic dissection
Authors: Mehanna Mostafa , Elhamami Moustafa , Abolkasem Ahmed , Ramadan Bassem , Almaghraby Abdallah , Mascaro Jorge
Published: August 2021

Background

Despite the marked improvement in the aortic dissection repair techniques, residual dissected aorta with a patent false lumen remains an issue. So, the aim of our study is to observe the effect of inserting the Thoraflex Hybrid Graft on the aortic diameters in patients with type A aortic dissection involving the arch and descending aorta. Patients with type I aortic dissection who had aortic dissection repair using the Thoraflex Hybrid Graft in University Hospitals Birmingham were studied. Radiological assessment with computed tomography of the aorta was done at the level of the diaphragm to measure the true lumen, false lumen and total aortic diameters. Significance of change of diameters at early post-operative as compared to the pre-operative period was analysed.

Results

Eight cases were done in the acute setting, while 14 cases were done in the chronic setting. The ratio of true lumen to the total aortic diameter has significantly increased in the follow-up period as compared to the pre-operative period (P = 0.031). Whereas false lumen to total aortic diameter ratio has significantly decreased (P = 0.024). Subgroup analysis revealed that these changes were not significantly altered by whether the dissection was acute or chronic.

Conclusions

The Thoraflex Hybrid Graft will induce positive aortic remodelling with expansion of true lumen and will diminish the false lumen. But we could not find a significant difference between acute or chronic cases due to small sample size.
Preparation, characterization and evaluation of fenofibrate: benzoic acid cocrystals with enhanced pharmaceutical properties
Authors: Dutt Braham , Choudhary Manjusha , Budhwar Vikas
Published: August 2021

Background

Cocrystallization process involved the understanding of interaction at molecular level between two molecules in context to their crystal packing and designing of new solids having improved physicochemical as well as pharmaceutical properties. In the present research, an attempt to increase the aqueous solubility and dissolution rate of a poorly aqueous soluble drug fenofibrate (FB) by formulation and evaluation of its cocrystals with benzoic acid (BZ) as a coformer was carried out.

Results

The drug and coformer were cocrystallized by using the solvent drop grinding method. For prediction of cocrystals formation, CSD (Cambridge Structure Database) software was utilized. Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques were used for analysis of cocrystals. Albino rats were procured from institution as per IAEC guidelines for in vivo anti-hyperlipidaemic studies. The in vitro dissolution profile of cocrystals, pure drug, their physical mixture and marketed formulation was found to be 89%, 39%, 47% and 61%, respectively.

Conclusions

An enhanced anti-hyperlipidaemic activity of cocrystals was found compared to pure drug. The FB: BZ cocrystals also compared to the pure drug showed better dissolution profile and improved in vivo anti-hyperlipidaemic activity in rats. The study proved that cocrystals can promise to improve in vitro dissolution rate of poorly aqueous soluble drugs, which in turn can lead to better in vivo activities.
ChemoPalRx—A Mobile App That Enhances Chemotherapy Prescription Accuracy: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Hung Tony K. W. , Tareen Serene , Ziyeh Sharvina , Kuperman Gilad J. , Mao Jun J. , Pfister David G. , Banerjee Natasha
Published: August 2021

PURPOSE

ChemoPalRx is a novel provider order entry mobile application for chemotherapy. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of prescribing chemotherapy using ChemoPalRx versus handwritten orders at a safety-net hospital in Los Angeles.

METHODS

In a cross-sectional study from October 2019 to December 2019, we evaluated all outpatient chemotherapy orders for accuracy. Our primary predictor was type of prescription, dichotomized as handwritten or ChemoPalRx. Primary outcome was accuracy, dichotomized as accurate if no error was made on an order and as inaccurate if any error was made. Preplanned subgroup analyses were performed with covariates including provider experience, complexity of order, and day of order submission. We characterized error type and analyzed our data using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models.

RESULTS

Among 288 orders (78.5% handwritten; 21.5% ChemoPalRx), prescription accuracy was higher among ChemoPalRx (93.5%) compared with handwritten orders (81.4%; P = .012). In multivariate analysis, prescription accuracy remained superior for ChemoPalRx after adjusting for provider experience, complexity of order, and day of order submission (adjusted odds ratio, 1.82; P = .012). Compared with handwritten orders, ChemoPalRx orders had less missing or incorrect information (1.6% v 13.7%; P = .0016). ChemoPalRx orders were also more accurate on prescriptions that contained two or fewer medications (92.2% v 80.2%; P = .032), submitted on the highest patient-volume clinic day of the week (96.7% v 83.2%; P = .035), and generated by a senior fellow or an attending (97.3% v 76.9%; P = .001).

CONCLUSION

ChemoPalRx is associated with improved chemotherapy prescription accuracy over handwritten orders in the safety-net hospital setting and may serve as an alternative prescribing tool for oncology practices.
TUBB3 E410K Syndrome With Childhood-Onset Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Mori Jun , Umemura Atsushi , Satake Wataru , Cha Pei-Chieng , Suzuki Yutaka , Itoh Kyoko , Chiyonobu Tomohiro
Published: August 2021

Context

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming a major issue worldwide, even in children. Multiple parallel hits hypothesis has been suggested as progress of NAFLD, but the mechanism of NAFLD is not completely understood. β-Tubulin is essential in mitoses, neuronal migration, and axon guidance during neuronal development. Pathogenic variants in the TUBB3 gene were shown to be associated with a wide spectrum of neurological abnormalities, but not accompanied by hepatic complications, such as NAFLD.

Objective

This work aims to examine the association between TUBB3 mutation and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).

Methods

An 11-year-old girl has been followed up as having atypical Möbius syndrome since infancy, as she was born with bilateral ptosis, paralytic strabismus, and facial weakness. At age 7 years, she was diagnosed with TUBB3 E410K syndrome by whole-exome sequencing. At age 10 years, her blood examination revealed elevated liver transaminase levels, which persisted for almost 2 years. She underwent liver biopsy, the results of which were suggestive of NASH.

Results

The expression of TUBB3 was absent, but that of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was present in the parenchymal nerve fibers of the liver. On the other hand, in comparison with an autopsy case of NASH and a normal control, these showed coexpression of TUBB3 and TH in the liver.

Conclusion

We report the first case of TUBB3 E410K syndrome accompanied by NASH. This case suggests that the TUBB3 mutation may be associated with the pathogenesis and progression of NASH in humans.
Implementation of Intraoperative Ultrasound Localization for Breast-Conserving Surgery in a Large, Integrated Health Care System is Feasible and Effective
Authors: Chakedis Jeffery M. , Tang Annie , Kuehner Gillian E. , Vuong Brooke , Lyon Liisa L. , Romero Lucinda A. , Raber Benjamin M. , Mortenson Melinda M. , Shim Veronica C. , Datrice-Hill Nicole M. , McEvoy Jennifer R. , Arasu Vignesh A. , Wisner Dorota J. , Chang Sharon B. ,   The Permanente Medical Group Breast Research Collaborative
Published: August 2021

Background

Intraoperative ultrasound (IUS) localization for breast cancer is a noninvasive localization technique. In 2015, an IUS program for breast-conserving surgery (BCS) was initiated in a large, integrated health care system. This study evaluated the clinical results of IUS implementation.

Methods

The study identified breast cancer patients with BCS from 1 January to 31 October 2015 and from 1 January to 31 October 2019. Clinicopathologic characteristics were collected, and localization types were categorized. Clinical outcomes were analyzed, including localization use, surgeon adoption of IUS, day-of-surgery intervals, and re-excision rates. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate predictors of re-excision.

Results

The number of BCS procedures increased 23%, from 1815 procedures in 2015 to 2226 procedures in 2019. The IUS rate increased from 4% of lumpectomies (n = 79) in 2015 to 28% of lumpectomies (n = 632) in 2019 (p < 0.001). Surgeons using IUS increased from 6% (5 of 88 surgeons) in 2015 to 70% (42 of 60 surgeons) in 2019. In 2019, 76% of IUS surgeons performed at least 25% of lumpectomies with IUS. The mean time from admission to incision was shorter with IUS or seed localization than with wire localization (202 min with IUS, 201 with seed localization, 262 with wire localization in 2019; p < 0.001). The IUS re-excision rates were lower than for other localization techniques (13.6%, vs 19.6% for seed localization and 24.7% for wire localization in 2019; p = 0.006), and IUS predicted lower re-excision rates in a multivariable model (odds ratio [OR], 0.59).

Conclusions

In a high-volume integrated health system, IUS was adopted for BCS by a majority of surgeons. The use of IUS decreased the time from admission to incision compared with wire localization, and decreased re-excision rates compared with other localization techniques.
Κεραμική τεχνολογία και παραγωγή
Authors: Κυριατζή Ευαγγελία
Published: August 2021

Στόχος της παρούσας έρευνας είναι η διερεύνηση πλευρών της κοινωνικής, οικονομικής και πολιτικής οργάνωσης των κοινωνιών της ύστερης εποχής Χαλκού στη Κεντρική Μακεδονία μέσα από τον τρόπο και τις συνθήκες παραγωγής της κεραμικής τους. Για το σκοπό αυτό εξετάζεται χειροποίητη και τροχήλατη "μυκηναϊκή" κεραμική από τις τελευταίες φάσεις της ΥΕΧ στην Τούμπα Θεσσαλονίκης. Αντιμετωπίζοντας την τεχνολογία σαν ένα πολυδιάστατο κοινωνικό φαινόμενο, η έρευνα διαρθρώνεται σε δυό επίπεδα: Στο πρώτο, η συνδυασμένη εφαρμογή μακροσκοπικής εξέτασης, δοκιμών επανόπτησης, πετρογραφικής ανάλυσης λεπτών τομών και εξέτασης δειγμάτων στο ηλεκτρονικό μικροσκόπιο σάρωσης, συμβάλλει στην κατανόηση των τεχνολογικών επιλογών σε όλα τα στάδια της κατασκευής και την ανασύνθεση της κατασκευαστικής διαδικασίας των διαφόρων τύπων αγγείων. Στο δεύτερο επίπεδο πραγματοποιείται αξιολόγηση των τεχνικών επιλογών κυρίως με βάση τις παραμέτρους της τυποποίησης, επένδυσης εργασίας και δεξιοτεχνίας γαι την κατανόηση του τρόπου που οργανώνονταν η κεραμική παραγωγή και του κοινωνικού πλαισίου της. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, γίνεται φανερό ότι η κατασκευή της χειροποίητης και της τροχήλατης "μυκηναϊκής" κεραμικής στην περιοχή συνδεόταν με διαφορετικές τεχνολογίες και τρόπους οργάνωσης της παραγωγής και η ανεξάρτητη συνύπαρξη των δυό αυτών κεραμικών παραδόσεων, αντανακλούσε τη σαφή διαφοροποίηση των κοινωνικών ρόλων των φορέων τους.
Η ιστορία της Θεσσαλίας τον 13ο αιώνα
Authors: Ντάμπλιας Χρήστος
Published: August 2021

Το θέμα της διδακτορικής μου διατριβής είναι η ιστορία της Θεσσαλίας τον 13ο αιώνα. Αφού έλαβα υπόψη τις εργασίες που είχαν γραφεί ως τώρα για την περίοδο αυτή, προσπάθησα να παρουσιάσω τα πρόσωπα που διαδραμάτισαν σημαντικό ρόλο στην περιοχή της Θεσσαλίας τον 13ο αιώνα βασιζόμενος στα ιστορικά γεγονόντα. Η προσωπογραφία περιλαμβάνει 52 πρόσωπα. Αυτά είναι αρχηγοί - διοικητές κράτους, εκκλησιαστικοί άρχοντες, διοικητικοί υπάλληλοι και ιδιοκτήτες γης. Ο Θεσσαλικός χώρος στην ύστερη βυζαντινή εποχή συγκεντρώνεται στα χέρια μεγάλων ιδιοκτητών. Οι ελεύθεροι καλλιεργητές περιορίζονται στις ορεινές περιοχές, ενώ για την καλλιέργεια των μεγάλων κτημάτων οι γαιοκτήμονες χρησιμοποιούν παροίκους δηλ. μισθωτές γης. Κτήματα επίσης κατέχουν οι κρατικοί αξιωματούχοι και τα μεγάλα μοναστήρια. Από τα διάφορα περιουσιακά στοιχεία μαθαίνουμε ότι στις πεδινές περιοχές της Θεσσαλίας οι άνθρωποι ασχολούνταν με την γεωργία, στις ορεινές περιοχές ήταν ανεπτυγμένη η κτηνοτροφία και στις παράκτιες περιοχές της Δημητριάδος η αλιεία. Σημαντικό είναι επίσης το γεγονός ότι η μεγάλη ιδιοκτησία στο τέλος του 13ου αιώνα κληρονομείται σταθερά και διαμορφώνεται ως μόνιμη ιδιοκτησία.
Η συμβολή της χειρομάλαξης στην αποκατάσταση των αθλούμενων μετά άσκηση
Authors: Συκαράς Ευάγγελος
Published: August 2021

Σκοπός της έρευνας ήταν να εξετασθεί η αποκατάσταση των αθλητών μετά άσκηση, όταν εφαρμόζεται χειρομάλαξη ανάμεσα στις σειρές (sets) των προσπαθειών. Εικοσιέξι αθλητές και αθλήτριες του TAEKWONDO ηλικίας 21,5 ετών ±2,19 και έτη προπόνησης 11,3 ± 3,39, δοκιμάσθηκαν 2 φορές σε διάστημα 8-10 ημερών, σε διαφορετικό σκέλος κάθε φορά, στο ισοκινητικό δυναμόμετρο Norm της Cybex. Με αυτό τον τρόπο δημιουργήθηκαν δύο ομάδες των εικοσιέξι ατόμων κάθε μία, με τα ίδια άτομα εναλλάξ. Αυτά εκτελούσαν 6 σειρές (sets) από 10 μέγιστες μειομετρικές και πλειομετρικές προσπάθειες, με 2 λεπτά διάλειμμα μεταξύ των σειρών. Στο ένα σκέλος εφαρμόσθηκε χειρομάλαξη μεταξύ των σειρών ενώ στο άλλο σκέλος το διάλειμμα ήταν παθητικό. Οι μετρήσεις πριν τις δοκιμασίες έδειξαν ότι δεν υπήρχε στατιστικά σημαντική διαφορά στην δύναμη, την περίμετρο των μηρών και το εύρος κίνησης μεταξύ των σκελών των ατόμων που εξετάσθηκαν. Σύμφωνα με τα αποτελέσματα των δοκιμασιών δεν υπήρξε στατιστικά σημαντική διαφορά στην κάμψη και την έκταση της άρθρωσης του γόνατος, όταν εφαρμόσθηκε η χειρομάλαξη στο διάλειμμα μεταξύ των σειρών. Αντίθετα στην ομάδα που δεν εφαρμόσθηκε μάλαξη οι διαφορές ήταν σημαντικές. Σχετικά με την δύναμη (πλειομετρική και μειομετρική) υπήρξε μείωση στατιστικά σημαντική και στις δύο δοκιμασίες αλλά η ποσοστιαία μείωση στην δοκιμασία με χειρομάλαξη ήταν μικρότερη. Επίσης το DOMS δεν διέφερε στατιστικά σημαντικά μεταξύ των δύο ομάδων, αλλά ήταν λιγότερο έντονο στην ομάδα που εφαρμόσθηκε η χειρομάλαξη. Η αύξηση της περιμέτρου των μηρών ήταν σημαντικά μεγαλύτερη στο σκέλος δοκιμασίας που δεν δέχθηκε μάλαξη. Οι βιοχημικοί δείκτες CPK, LDH, SGOT και Μυοσφαιρίνη επιβεβαίωσαν την μυϊκή κόπωση και κάκωση που δημιουργήθηκε από το πρόγραμμα άσκησης αλλά δεν ήταν ποσοτικά αξιόπιστοι. Συμπερασματικά η εφαρμογή της χειρομάλαξης στο διάλειμμα μεταξύ των σειρών ενός προγράμματος άσκησης, διατηρεί το εύρος κίνησης της άρθρωσης, δεν αυξάνει το οίδημα των περιοχών που δραστηριοποιήθηκαν και επιβραδύνει την μείωση της δύναμης και του DOMS. Αυτές οι επιδράσεις, ιδιαίτερα, σε επίπεδο πρωταθλητισμού, μπορούν να βοηθήσουν ουσιαστικά στην προπόνηση και απόδοση του πρωταθλητή.