bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Links between Income Dynamics and Young Adult Socioeconomic and Behavioral Health Outcomes
Authors: Whitfield Kendra , Betancur Laura , Miller Portia , Votruba-Drzal Elizabeth
Published: March 2021

Longitudinal links between childhood family income and adult outcomes are well documented. However, research on childhood income volatility and young adult outcomes is limited. This study utilizes data from the NLSY ( N = 6,410) to examine how childhood family income and income volatility relate to socioeconomic outcomes and mental/behavioral health in emerging adulthood. Results show that lower childhood income was associated with young adult socioeconomic and behavioral health outcomes. Higher income volatility was associated with increased depression and teen parenthood during young adulthood. Additional analyses examining trajectories of income volatility illustrated that children in families with unstable income trajectories (i.e., frequent income losses and gains) showed higher depression scores than those with stable trajectories. These findings suggest that income volatility, not just income level or income loss, is important to consider when studying economic disparities in young adult outcomes. Implications for policies and programs for low-income, high-volatility households are discussed.
Reasons Behind Generation Z Nursing Students’ Intentions to Leave their Profession: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kim Jaseon , Chae Duckhee , Yoo Jae Yong
Published: March 2021

This study aims to identify predictors of turnover intention within 2 years of employment among 3rd and 4th grade Generation Z nursing students. Turnover intention is a multi-stage process ranging from mere desire, to serious thoughts, decision-making, and actual planning. Previous studies have focused on identifying the factors affecting turnover intention among practicing nurses. However, undergraduate nursing students also contemplate their decision to stay or leave the nursing profession after graduation. This cross-sectional descriptive study recruited 210 nursing students from 3 colleges in South Korea. A self-administered survey was conducted using the Career Preparation Behavior Scale, the Calling and Vocational Questionnaire, the Social Responsibility Scale, and the Revised Self-Leadership Questionnaire. Four questions were used to explore participants’ turnover intention, their motivation for studying nursing, their major satisfaction, and their clinical experience satisfaction. Descriptive and multiple logistic regression statistics were obtained using SPSS. Of the participants, 17.6% had turnover intention within 2 years of employment. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicates that clinical experience satisfaction is the only significant predictor. In the univariate analysis, nursing students who had turnover intentions were less likely to practice career preparation behaviors and had lower levels of vocational consciousness and social responsibility. To keep a proficient nursing workforce in the profession, professional commitments from universities and hospital institutions are needed to provide quality clinical learning experiences for nursing students. Further prospective study is needed to observe how Generation Z undergraduate students’ turnover intentions change and what factors influence this process.
Depression symptoms as a mediator between social support, non-suicidal self-injury, and suicidal ideation among Arab adolescents in Israel
Authors: Madjar Nir , Daka Doaa , Zalsman Gil , Shoval Gal
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the current study was to explore whether depression symptoms mediate the relationships between perceptions of social support from three sources; namely parents, teachers, and peers, and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal ideation. We also tested the interactions between the different sources of support. Focusing on the Arab-Israeli population is unique as it is an ethnic minority characterized with strong familial support, and less access to mental health services compared to the ethnic majority. Adolescents (N = 276; 65.6% girls; mean age 15.1 years) from the Arab minority in northern Israel were sampled (74% response rate). Participants were evaluated using validated scales assessing perceived social support, NSSI and suicidal ideation. Path analysis with Bayesian estimation supported the hypothesized model. Depression symptoms fully mediated the relationships between school-related social support (i.e., teachers and peers) and NSSI, and partially between parents’ support and suicidal ideation. Interactions between the social support sources were not significant, and cluster analysis indicated that each source is independently essential to understand NSSI and suicide ideation. This model emphasizes the importance of school-related factors in adolescents’ particular aspects of mental health, and suggests that one source of social support may not compensate for a lack of another.
Technology-Enhanced Dialogic Reading Experiences for Children With Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Storie Sloan O. , Coogle Christan Grygas , Rahn Naomi L.
Published: March 2021

This manuscript describes an early childhood educator working collaboratively with a speech language pathologist and using an augmentative and alternative (AAC) device (iPad™ application) to label target vocabulary during shared book reading as an inclusive practice. The child throughout the vignettes includes a young boy identified with autism spectrum disorder who has limited verbal communication. The focus of this manuscript is using traditional wh- questions within level one of dialogic reading paired with an AAC device during shared book reading sessions. Step-by-step procedures that can be used widely including adaptations and considerations for individualizing instructions are provided. Resources and additional supports are discussed.
Research on differential and interactive impact of China-led and US-led open-access articles
Authors: Mingkun Wei , Wei Quan , Misra Sadhana , Savage Russell
Published: March 2021

With the development of Web 2.0, social media dialogue has been increasingly important within the world of open access (OA), striving for more user-generated content and ease of use. In this article, we analysed the impact of OA articles published by both Chinese and the American researchers using PLOS ONE. Papers published in the same year, using citation and social media metrics, were all used to analyse the correlation between the level of social media metrics and citation. Overall, the impact of OA articles published within the United States is higher than OA articles published in China. The results showed that citations and number of Mendeley readers have a significant correlation, which reflect the similar impact in evaluation of OA articles. However, most social media metrics did not have an obvious correlation with impact evaluation, which indicates the social media metrics are useful when paired with citations, but not irreplaceable to citations. Social media metrics appear to be a useful alternative metrics to accurately reflecting the impact of OA articles within the scientific community.
Scientific and Regulatory Policy Committee Best Practices: Documentation of Sexual Maturity by Microscopic Evaluation in Nonclinical Safety Studies
Authors: Vidal Justin D. , Colman Karyn , Bhaskaran Manoj , de Rijk Eveline , Fegley Darren , Halpern Wendy , Jacob Binod , Kandori Hitoshi , Manickam Balasubramanian , McKeag Sean , Parker George A. , Regan Karen S. , Sefing Benjamin , Thibodeau Michael , Vemireddi Vimala , Werner Jonathan , Zalewska Aleksandra
Published: March 2021

The sexual maturity status of animals in nonclinical safety studies can have a significant impact on the microscopic assessment of the reproductive system, the interpretation of potential test article–related findings, and ultimately the assessment of potential risk to humans. However, the assessment and documentation of sexual maturity for animals in nonclinical safety studies is not conducted in a consistent manner across the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. The Scientific and Regulatory Policy Committee of the Society of Toxicologic Pathology convened an international working group of pathologists and nonclinical safety scientists with expertise in the reproductive system, pathology nomenclature, and Standard for Exchange of Nonclinical Data requirements. This article describes the best practices for documentation of the light microscopic assessment of sexual maturity in males and females for both rodent and nonrodent nonclinical safety studies. In addition, a review of the microscopic features of the immature, peripubertal, and mature male and female reproductive system and general considerations for study types and reporting are provided to aid the study pathologist tasked with documentation of sexual maturity.
Hospital-Based Nursing Research: Clinical and Economic Outcomes
Authors: Pintz Christine , Briggs Linda , Zhou Qiuping (Pearl) , Nelson Kelly , Guzzetta Cathie E
Published: March 2021

We surveyed 181 nursing research leaders from Magnet® hospitals, using mixed methods with the online Hospital-Based Nursing Research Clinical and Economic Outcomes survey, to describe the clinical and economic outcomes of nursing research conducted in hospital settings. We used descriptive statistics to analyze the quantitative findings and a qualitative descriptive approach to study the open-ended responses. Most respondents reported that findings from their hospital-based studies were implemented on their units (88.2%), improved health care processes (88.2%), and reduced hospital costs (79%). Over 50% reported positive impacts on core quality measures, including improving patient/family satisfaction (76.8%), nurse satisfaction (65%), length of stay (59.1%), and infection rates (56.5%). Four themes were identified: study evaluation, improvements in care delivery/clinical outcomes, economic impact, and intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. Much of the research reported by respondents focused on quality measures with findings that resulted in improved clinical and economic outcomes.
Interests, Norms, Meanings: A Study of Rice Biotechnology in India
Authors: Kumar Avinash , Mallick Sambit
Published: March 2021

Agrarian environments have to be comprehended as being part of a biophysical and social environment that includes the urban and the nonurban, the arable and the nonarable, and other areas that are integrally linked to the world of agriculture and environment and their allied socioeconomic relations. This article examines the responses of rice biotechnologists located in selected Indian public agricultural institutes under the aegis of the State Agricultural University and the Indian Council of Agricultural Research on questions such as “How is GM (genetically modified) technology perceived by rice biotechnologists and under what limiting conditions is it being pursued in rice biotechnology research? Is there a consensus among rice biotechnologists over the application of GM technology? What are the complexities of the GM policy? and What are the implications of intellectual property rights on GM-based research and how scientists are responding to such institutional norms?”
Brain energy metabolism in intracerebroventricularly administered streptozotocin mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease: A 1H-[13C]-NMR study
Authors: Soni Narayan D , Ramesh Akila , Roy Dipak , Patel Anant B
Published: March 2021

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a very common neurodegenerative disorder. Although a majority of the AD cases are sporadic, most of the studies are conducted using transgenic models. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) administered streptozotocin (STZ) animals have been used to explore mechanisms in sporadic AD. In this study, we have investigated memory and neurometabolism of ICV-STZ-administered C57BL6/J mice. The neuronal and astroglial metabolic activity was measured in 1H-[13C]-NMR spectrum of cortical and hippocampal tissue extracts of mice infused with [1,6-13C2]glucose and [2-13C]acetate, respectively. STZ-administered mice exhibited reduced (p = 0.00002) recognition index for memory. The levels of creatine, GABA, glutamate and NAA were reduced (p ≤ 0.04), while that of myo-inositol was increased (p < 0.05) in STZ-treated mice. There was a significant (p ≤ 0.014) reduction in aspartate-C3, glutamate-C4/C3, GABA-C2 and glutamine-C4 labeling from [1,6-13C2]glucose. This resulted in decreased rate of glucose oxidation in the cerebral cortex (0.64 ± 0.05 vs. 0.77 ± 0.05 µmol/g/min, p = 0.0008) and hippocampus (0.60 ± 0.04 vs. 0.73 ± 0.07 µmol/g/min, p = 0.001) of STZ-treated mice, due to similar reductions of glucose oxidation in glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. Additionally, reduced glutamine-C4 labeling points towards compromised synaptic neurotransmission in STZ-treated mice. These data suggest that the ICV-STZ model exhibits neurometabolic deficits typically observed in AD, and its utility in understanding the mechanism of sporadic AD.
The Longitudinal Association Between Exposure to Violence and Patterns of Health Risk Behaviors Among African American Youth
Authors: Hsieh Hsing-Fang , Mistry Ritesh , Lee Daniel B. , Scott Briana A. , Eisman Andria B. , Heinze Justin E. , Zimmerman Marc A.
Published: March 2021

Purpose:

We investigate whether exposure to violence (ETV) during adolescence and emerging adulthood predicts engagement in chronic disease-related health risk behaviors years later among African Americans.

Design:

A longitudinal study following youth from mid-adolescence (mean age = 14.8 years) to young adulthood (mean age = 32.0 years).

Setting:

Flint, Michigan.

Sample:

Four hundred forty-two African American (96.2%) and mixed African American and White (3.8%) participants.

Measures:

Outcomes were diet, smoking, drinking, and physical inactivity. Covariates were ETV, sex, mother’s educational attainment, and substance use by siblings, peers, and parents.

Analysis:

Latent profile analysis was conducted to identify distinct patterns of adult health risk behaviors and assess the association of youth ETV and identified patterns.

Results:

Four latent profiles were identified: high substance use (n = 46; 10.41%) , high overall risk (n = 71; 16.06%) , low overall risk ( n = 140; 31.67%) and inactive (n = 185, 41.86%). Relative to the low overall risk profile, ETV was associated with being in the high overall risk profile (b = 0.37, p = 0.04), but not other profiles. Female gender and higher maternal education were associated with being in the inactive profile compared to the low overall risk profile. Peer alcohol and tobacco use were associated with being in the high substance use profile.

Conclusion:

ETV during adolescence and emerging adulthood increased the risk of engagement in multiple health risk behaviors later in life.
Additional value of auricular intradermal acupuncture alongside selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: a single-blinded, randomized, sham-controlled preliminary clinical study
Authors: Wang Hong , Liu Xiao-Ru , Wu Xiao-Jing , He Ti-Zhen , Miao Dan , Jiang Jin-Feng , Qiao Hui-Fen , Yeung Wing-Fai , Sun Zhi-Ling
Published: March 2021

Background:

To evaluate the antidepressant effects of auricular intradermal acupuncture (AIA) of areas innervated by both the auricular branch of the vagus nerve and the trigeminal nerve.

Methods:

Forty-nine patients with depression were randomly allocated into an AIA group ( n = 25) and a sham AIA group ( n = 24). Both groups received selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) as conventional treatment. The AIA group received AIA stimulation, and the sham AIA group received sham AIA, which constituted being subjected to an attached needle that did not penetrate the skin. The needles were retained for 4 h each session, with five sessions a week for a total duration of 2 weeks. The outcomes were assessed by the 17-item Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD-17), five factors (sleep disorder, retardation, cognitive dysfunction, anxiety/somatization, and weight) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) at weeks 0, 1, and 2.

Results:

Fifty-four patients were randomly assigned to the AIA ( n = 27) and sham AIA group ( n = 27), of whom 25 patients in the AIA and 24 patients in the sham AIA group were analyzed. AIA-treated patients displayed a significantly greater reduction from baseline in HAMD-17 scores ( p = 0.03) and SDS scores ( p = 0.02) at week 2 compared to patients receiving sham AIA. The AIA intervention also produced a higher rate of clinically significant responses in sleep disorders ( p = 0.07) compared to sham AIA. No adverse events occurred in either group.

Conclusion:

According to the findings of this preliminary study, AIA appears to have additional value compared to SSRIs alone in treating patients with depressive disorder.
Biographical review of Ibn Rushd (Averroes) – A physician of 12th CE
Authors: Rahman Azizur , Zulkifle Mohd , Rasool Aumir
Published: March 2021

In the Islamic Golden Age, medicine flourished by the practice of Persian, Arab and Greek physicians (9th to 13th century AD). Ibn rushd (1126–1198 AD) was renowned physician in that period, influenced the progress of medicine by his writings. He was the stalwart of medical sciences and owner of many writings in various fields of science. One of his writings in medicine was “ Al- Kulliyat fi Al-Tibb” (Colliget or “Generalities on Medicine”). Many of his writings were studied in every part of globe. Now a day it is need of hour to generalize his knowledge for further researches. In this paper it is trying to compile his historical aspect of life as well as writings.
Neuro-Cognitive Profile of Morning and Evening Chronotypes at Different Times of Day
Authors: Venkat Nanditha , Sinha Meenakshi , Sinha Ramanjan , Ghate Jayshri , Pande Babita
Published: March 2021

Background:

Chronotype is the circadian time preference for sleep–wake timings. However, its impact on cognitive performance is least explored.

Objective:

The present study investigated the effect of chronotype (morning “M” vs. evening “E”) on cognitive measures as a function of time of the day. In addition, the correlation between electroencephalogram (EEG) waves and subjective/objective cognitive measures were investigated.

Method:

Cognitive status of 28 adult male subjects (15 “M” and 13 “E”) was assessed objectively through event-related potential (ERP) by administering visual odd ball paradigm test and subjectively through Montreal Cognitive Assessment questionnaire. In addition, 20 to 30 min of resting EEG was recorded. Recordings were done from 8 to 10 am and from 4 to 6 pm on a single day. Power spectral analysis of EEG for alpha and beta waves at PZ and FZ cortical sites was done after subjecting selected epochs to fast Fourier transformation. Also, latency and amplitude of P300 potential from event-related potential record were measured. Appropriate statistical tests were applied for analysis.

Results:

Higher alpha and beta power was observed in “E” at PZ in the evening. “M” showed increased P300 latency and amplitude during evening session for frequent and rare stimuli and vice versa in “E.”’ Significant negative correlation was seen between latency of rare stimuli and alpha and beta power at FZ site during evening in “E” chronotype only.

Conclusion:

Result indicates better attention and alertness during evening hours in evening chronotypes and vice versa in morning chronotypes. The findings could be implemented to schedule the mental performance/cognitive load according to individual chronotype.
COVID-19 in the light of current clinical eye research
Authors: Al-Namaeh Mashael
Published: March 2021

COVID-19 is a disease caused by a SARS-CoV-2 virus infection first reported in Wuhan city, Chinese province of Hubei, in December 2019. Previously known as 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) respiratory disease, COVID-19 was declared official name by the World Health Organization (WHO) as COVID-19 in February 2020. By July 2nd, 2020 10,818,005 confirmed cases with 519,467 COVID-19 deaths worldwide. The aim of this review article is to inform the audience of what is available in the current literature on how COVID-19 affects the eyes in adults, children, and elderly. PubMed search was used between December 2019 and July 2nd, 2020. Randomized trials, observational studies, case series or case reports, and letters of research, letters to editors were selected for confirmed cases of COVID-19. According to current scientific literature since the outbreak in December 2019 there have been 218 papers written. Conjunctivitis and keratoconjunctvitis have been reported in adults with COVID-19. Further studies are needed in children and geriatric patients.
Sclerochoroidal calcification as an incidental finding during oncological staging of a patient with parotid malignancy: A case report
Authors: Lassandro Nicola Vito , Danieli Luca , Nicolai Michele , Pirani Vittorio , Pelliccioni Paolo , Mariotti Cesare
Published: March 2021

Introduction:

Incidental finding of mass lesion in the choroid represents a very challenging situation for the ophthalmologist. We describe a case of an incidental, computed tomography (CT)-hyperintense, choroidal lesion in a patient with parotid malignancy and renal failure, and how multimodal imaging helped us reaching the correct diagnosis.

Case description:

A 63-year-old man with parotid gland malignancy was brought to our attention because preoperative staging CT showed a hyperintense choroidal lesion of the right eye. Fundus examination showed a yellow elevated lesion near the superior temporal branch retinal artery. Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT), A- and B-scan ultrasonography, and Indocyanine Green Angiography (ICGA) allowed us to exclude a malignant lesion and to diagnose a sclerochoroidal calcification.

Conclusion:

Multimodal imaging can guide the clinician to choose the appropriate therapeutic approach even in case of uncommon conditions like sclerochoroidal calcification.
Cognate similarity and intervocalic /d/ production in Riverense Spanish
Authors: Gradoville Michael , Waltermire Mark , Long Avizia
Published: March 2021

Aims and objectives:

While previous research has shown that phonetic variation in language contact situations is affected by whether a word has a cognate in the contact language, this paper aims to show that such an effect is not monotonic. According to the usage-based model, items in memory are organized according to similarity, thus we anticipated that formally more similar cognates would show a stronger cognate effect.

Methodology:

This variationist sociophonetic study investigates the relationship between cognate similarity and phonetic realization. We examined this relationship in the bilingual community of Rivera, Uruguay, in which both Portuguese and Spanish are spoken with regularity. Specifically, we focused on intervocalic /d/, which in monolingual Spanish is realized as an approximant [ð̞] or phonetic zero, but in monolingual Brazilian Portuguese is produced as a stop [d] or, in most varieties, an affricate [ʤ] before [i].

Data and analysis:

We analyzed a corpus of sociolinguistic interviews of the Spanish spoken in Rivera. Acoustic measurements were taken from approximately 60 tokens each from 40 different speakers. Using a linear mixed-effects model, we examined the relationship between several predictors and the degree of constriction of intervocalic /d/.

Findings/conclusions:

While there is an overall frequency effect whereby more frequent words exhibit less constriction of intervocalic /d/, as both frequency and cognate similarity increase, less constriction of intervocalic /d/ obtains. Therefore, frequent cognates in Portuguese that have very similar forms affect the production of intervocalic /d/ more so than other cognates.

Originality:

No previous study has demonstrated that the cognate effect on phonetic variation in a situation of language contact is regulated by form similarity between cognate pairs.

Significance/implications:

The data support the usage-based model in that similar cognates have more lexical connections and can therefore show greater influence on phonetic realization than can cognates that share less phonetic material.
Evaluation methods of the daylight performance and potential energy saving of tubular daylight guide systems: A review
Authors: Li Hanlin , Wu Dan , Yuan Yanping , Zuo Lijun
Published: March 2021

In the past 30 years, tubular daylight guide systems (TDGSs) have become one of the most popular ways to transport outdoor natural light into the inner space in building design. However, tubular daylight guide systems are not widely used because of the lack of methods to evaluate methods on the suitability of the TDGSs. This study therefore summarizes the daylight performance metrics of TDGSs and presents the estimation methods in terms of field measurements, simulation and empirical formulae. This study focuses on the daylight performance and potential energy savings of TDGSs. Moreover, this study will be helpful for building designers to build healthy, comfortable and energy-saving indoor environment.
“Blonde makes you strong”: Embodiment, intersubjectivity, and feminist reflexivity
Authors: Motzafi-Haller Pnina
Published: March 2021

Drawing on theoretical discussions that explore embodiment as a critical realm for the articulation of subjugated agency, I focus in this paper on the manner in which hair color has become a visual sign, a code that marks social boundaries and gendered ethno-class identities in contemporary Israel. Empirically, this essay aims to explore the manner in which Mizrahi women craft their own subjectivity in relation to dominant discourses through their blonde embodied practice. Using three ethnographic vignettes I argue that the blonde performance of my interlocutors cannot be understood as mere mimicry of, or reaction to, the imagined Israeli collective identification as White European. It is rather a creative act of self-fashioning that brings joy and self-affirmation to its practitioners and at the same time, at a collective level, it is a practice that poses a symbolic threat that works to fragment hegemonic Israeli claims to Whiteness
The dialogue between what we are living and what we are teaching and learning during Covid-19 pandemic: Reflections of two social work educators from Italy and Spain
Authors: Cabiati Elena , Gómez-Ciriano Emilio José
Published: March 2021

Italy and Spain have been the most-affected countries in the EU by Covid-19 pandemic. Along with the health, social and economic life of the countries, social work and social work education have been turned upside down. In this essay, the authors reflect on the pandemic’s impact on social work education activities through social work students’ lenses. Accompanying Italian and Spanish students in reflecting on what they were living both, personally and as citizens during Covid-19 and witnessing how, paradoxically, the pandemic offered new opportunities to make important discoveries about key social work issues.
On becoming “essential”: Coronavirus lessons of ontology- from the migrant farmworker and us who consume the fruits of her labor
Authors: Benson Odessa Gonzalez
Published: March 2021

During the coronavirus pandemic of 2020, the migrant farmworker came to be deemed as ‘essential’ worker, thereby complicating discourses of ‘illegality’. This moment presents an ontological paradox, allowing means for examining the simultaneity of discursivity and materiality within the migrant farmworker as subject. Reflecting upon the ‘ontological turn,’ this article presents four lessons of ontology: post-representation, a focus on objects/artifacts, posthumanism and the politicizing of ontology, gained from interrogating the unraveling of discourse about the migrant-other in the time of coronavirus. These lessons coalesce in the entwining of the powers of discourse with the presence of the tangible, to understand the profound contradictions between a social structure that doesn’t want the migrant as neighbor and a capitalist economy that needs her as laborer. In closing, the article considers how shifting the gaze inward as consumers and then outwards unto our relationality can be a political act.
Pandemic disruptions: The subversion of neoliberalism
Authors: Ross Nancy
Published: March 2021

The implications of the COVID 19 pandemic signal both tragedy and possibility. This reflective paper considers the amplification of the concurrent pandemics of violence against women and children and anti-black racism during the responses to COVID 19 and renewed calls to action. The enforced ‘pause’ as a result of social isolation or distancing measures in response to COVID-19, has led many people to re-imagine a different world and ignited social movements across the globe. Education must inspire a vision of what our world could be and define what action is needed and the steps required to implement change. The critical reflection that characterizes most social work educational programs can provide opportunities to harness such imaginings in redefining ‘the possible’ in the quest for a more equitable and safer world. This article describes the potential of the pandemic to subvert the pervasive influence of neoliberalism by promoting collective notions of care.
Living in dual liminal states: Navigating the loss of my father and my clinical career during a pandemic
Authors: Currin-McCulloch Jennifer
Published: March 2021

Drawing from Van Gennep and Caffee’s conceptualization of liminality, this autoethnographic narrative portrays the author’s rites of passage into academia and through the death of her father. These fundamental developmental transitions and losses emerged concomitantly within the backdrop of a pandemic, further cloaking the world in grief and disequilibrium. Incorporating the voice of the personal as professional, the author portrays her existential struggles in relinquishing her cherished role as a palliative care social worker and living through her dad’s final months during a time of restricted social interaction. Interwoven throughout the narrative appear stories of strife, hope, grief, and professional epiphanies of purpose and insider privilege. The paper embraces both personal and professional conflicts and provides insight into the ways in which the unique setting of a pandemic can provide clarity for navigating the liminal states of separation, transition, and incorporation.
Community mobilization during epidemic emergencies: Insights from Kerala
Authors: Rashmi M , Lekshmi V Nair
Published: March 2021

The present paper describes the strategy to mitigate and control epidemic contingencies in the backdrop of Kerala’s Covid-19 containment plan. I have purposefully selected Kerala, the southernmost state of India, because of its globally acclaimed experience in efficiently managing the cases of coronavirus that were reported. Even tackling the Nipah and Zika virus cases in the pasts, makes it an exemplary unit of study. Moreover, the past experience of the state points to the fact that the containment strategy adopted is the result of an evolved practical approach. I came across certain innovative strategies implicating community mobilization like community kitchens, social surveillance, large scale production of face masks etc. by utilizing the hidden productive capacity of communities that extended from women self-help groups, youth clubs and even prison inmates. Moreover, the state’s controlling and containing measures were mentioned by international media and agencies like the BBC and the World Health Organization (WHO).
Migrants in Chile: Social crisis and the pandemic (or sailing over troubled water…)
Authors: Jara-Labarthé Vanessa , Cisneros Puebla César A
Published: March 2021

Chile has sailed in troubled waters in recent months. The effects of the social crisis at the end of 2019 were not yet fully evident, when the Covid-19 pandemic forced the government to take drastic measures to try to slow down the advance of the virus. The restrictions imposed on displacement, dynamic quarantines and the suspension of non-essential activities had a strong impact on the employment and economic conditions of the inhabitants of Chile, and more dramatically on the migrant population. This article aims to make visible the vulnerability and precariousness of the migrant population in Chile in this context of a pandemic, as well as the need to generate situated and inclusive social policies.
What COVID-19 has brought us to: Art, activism, and changes in social work education
Authors: Gerstenblatt Paula
Published: March 2021

This essay is a reflection about the COVID-19 pandemic from the vantage point of being on a sabbatical. As a result of the virus and global shut down, people are experiencing widespread suffering and economic devastation. The author, a professor, artist, and qualitative researcher advocates for a return to the profession’s community-based roots and an activist pedagogy. Additionally, as an artist/teacher/scholar, the author discusses the potential and importance of art and storytelling in social work education with examples of the author’s art created during the pandemic.
Death, dying and bereavement care during COVID-19: Creativity in hospital social work practice
Authors: Fox Mim , McIlveen Joanna , Murphy Elisabeth
Published: March 2021

Bereavement support and conducting viewings for grieving family members are commonplace activities for social workers in the acute hospital setting, however the risks that COVID-19 has brought to the social work role in bereavement care has necessitated the exploration of creative alternatives. Social workers are acutely aware of the complicating factors when bereavement support is inadequately provided, let alone absent, and with the aid of technology and both individual advocacy, social workers have been able to continue to focus on the needs of the most vulnerable in the hospital system. By drawing on reflective journaling and verbal reflective discussions amongst the authors, this article discusses bereavement support and the facilitation of viewings as clinical areas in which hospital social work has been observed adapting practice creatively throughout the pandemic.
Critical reflections and reflexivity on responding to the needs of LGBTQ+ youth in a global pandemic
Authors: Iacono Gio , Craig Shelley L , Pascoe Rachael
Published: March 2021

The global community has been significantly impacted by the COVID-19 global pandemic. LGBTQ+ (i.e., lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, etc.) youth may face increased stressors amidst the pandemic given their significant mental and sexual health disparities, pervasive rejection — including quarantining in homes with heightened risk of abuse and victimization, and a lack of access to essential resources. Responsive supports are needed at this time for vulnerable LGBTQ+ youth, particularly tailored mental health supports. This critical reflexive paper will highlight, as qualitative social work researchers and practitioners, the swift response to the needs of vulnerable LGBTQ+ youth across Canada during this pandemic. We provide a transparent account of how we have utilized critical reflexivity, cultivated through qualitative research, to support LGBTQ+ youth. This article will elucidate the importance of critical reflexivity in effectively transitioning essential offline mental health services for LGBTQ+ youth to a technology-mediated mental health affirmative intervention. The aim of this paper is to provide qualitative researchers and practitioners practical direction through important insights gleaned by supporting marginalized LGBTQ+ youth during particularly trying times such as a global pandemic.
Independent visiting with children in care during the pandemic: Disruptions and discoveries
Authors: Jones Rebecca K , Westlake David
Published: March 2021

This essay describes the impact of the pandemic on our experiences as Independent Visitors (IVs) forchildren who are looked-after. Independent Visitors are volunteers who visit, advise and befriend children with the aim of helping them develop a positive, long-term relationship beyond the care system. Based on our personal experiences of being matched with and visiting two young people, we consider how supporting the children remotely during the pandemic has helped us reflect on our relationships with them and our role as IVs. We discuss the role that foster carers play in supporting the IV relationship, the significance of developing routines and rituals with young people, and the challenges and opportunities offered by the transition from visits to virtual contact. We conclude with an outline of the response of service providers to the pandemic, and suggest that increased support for Independent Visiting might improve provision and allow more children to benefit from a relationship with an Independent Visitor.
Global collaboration and social practices to mitigate impacts of COVID-19 in the world: a lived experience of infecting
Authors: Moshtagh Mozhgan , Mirlashari Jila , Amiri Rana
Published: March 2021

COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most serious threatening conditions and the complex situation in the recent century, which shook the world. This unprecedented crisis has caused many disruptions and distractions for humans in different local and global levels. This reflexive essay aims to review challenges and opportunities originated by the Corona-virus pandemic within social groups through a moral perspective. Focusing on both negative and positive aspects would help us find the required skills and strategies to adapt to the crises and mitigate the issues based on our capacities and resources.
Navigating fierce love during the pandemic: Reflections of a Pinay Scholar Warrior
Authors: Ouanesisouk Trinidad Alma M
Published: March 2021

This article presents reflections of a Pinay Scholar Warrior of Kapu Aloha and Mahalaya during the pandemic. Excerpts from her social media and reflections from her personal journal reveal the complexities of navigating fierce love in social work teaching and service. Issues related to facilitating critical analyses of social determinants of health, grief and loss, and rediscovering strengths and joys. Implications of women of color in the academy is alluded.
Reflections on a pandemic and surveillance: Disruption, distractions, and discoveries in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Abu Sarhan Taghreed M
Published: March 2021

Reflecting on experiences in the United Arab Emirates, one professor’s thoughts on surveillance and human dignity is explored. Different forms of surveillance are touched upon, including the use of ankle bracelets to track those who are infected with COVID-19. Human rights are touched upon offering observations and closing with the fact that the number of deaths, in the UAE, have been exceptionally low.
Pulmonary Health Effects of Electronic Cigarettes: A Scoping Review
Authors: Gugala Emma , Okoh Chinyere M. , Ghosh Somraj , Moczygemba Leticia R.
Published: March 2021

Background

There is global concern regarding the public health impact of electronic cigarettes (ECs). ECs are commonly promoted as safer than conventional cigarettes (CCs), however there is limited knowledge of the long-term health effects. This scoping review examined the pulmonary health effects of ECs reported in the literature from 2009 to 2019.

Method

PubMed, CINAHL, and Science Direct databases were used. Search terms included “vaping, electronic nicotine delivery systems, electronic cigarettes, lung diseases, respiratory diseases, and pulmonary.” Original research articles in English that used human subjects between January 1, 2009 and January 31, 2020 and reported pulmonary outcomes were included.

Results

Forty-five studies met the inclusion criteria. There were 14 (31.1%) randomized experimental, 7 (15.6%) nonrandomized experimental, 6 (13.3%) cohort, and 18 (40.0%) cross-sectional studies. Sixteen (35.6%) studies were conducted in the United States; the rest were conducted across 11 other countries. The total number of subjects was 1,465,292 and ages ranged from 12 to 99 years across studies. Eligible studies demonstrated an association between EC use and pulmonary symptoms, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease diagnosis and exacerbations. The degree of this association varied based on the use of additional tobacco products. EC use resulted in worse outcomes than nonsmoking, but resulted in improved outcomes when compared with CC use or dual use of CC and EC.

Conclusion

Evidence indicates that EC use, especially dual use, leads to negative pulmonary effects and adverse outcomes. Education on the potential risks and publishing of EC ingredients on labels could help improve public health safety communication and reduce EC use.
Impact of Hybrid Operating Rooms on Long-Term Clinical Outcomes Following Fenestrated and Branched Endovascular Aortic Repair
Authors: Tinelli Giovanni , Bonnet Marie , Hertault Adrien , Sica Simona , Di Tanna Gian Luca , Bianchini Aurélia , Fabre Dominique , Sobocinski Jonathan , Haulon Stéphan
Published: March 2021

Purpose:

Evaluate the impact of hybrid operating room (HOR) guidance on the long-term clinical outcomes following fenestrated and branched endovascular repair (F-BEVAR) for complex aortic aneurysms.

Materials and Methods:

Prospectively collected registry data were retrospectively analyzed to compare the procedural, short- and long-term outcomes of consecutive F-BEVAR performed from January 2010 to December 2014 under standard mobile C-arm versus hybrid room guidance in a high-volume aortic center.

Results:

A total of 262 consecutive patients, including 133 patients treated with a mobile C-arm equipped operating room and 129 with a HOR guidance, were enrolled in this study. Patient radiation exposure and contrast media volume were significantly reduced in the HOR group. Short-term clinical outcomes were improved despite higher case complexity in the HOR group, with no statistical significance. At a median follow-up of 63.3 months (Q1 33.4, Q3 75.9) in the C-arm group, and 44.9 months (Q1 25.1, Q3 53.5, p=0.53) in the HOR group, there was no statistically significant difference in terms of target vessel occlusion and limb occlusion. When the endograft involved 3 or more fenestrations and/or branches (complex F-BEVAR), graft instability (36% vs 25%, p=0.035), reintervention on target vessels (20% vs 11%, p=0.019) and total reintervention rates (24% vs 15%, p=0.032) were significantly reduced in the HOR group. The multivariable Cox regression analysis did not show statistically significant differences for long-term death and aortic-related death between the 2 groups.

Conclusion:

Our study suggests that better long-term clinical outcomes could be observed when performing complex F-BEVAR in the latest generation HOR.
Resuming Sensitivity of Tamoxifen-Resistant Breast Cancer Cells to Tamoxifen by Tetrandrine
Authors: Wang Yuntao , Yue Wei , Lang Haiyan , Ding Xiaoqing , Chen Xinyi , Chen Haiyan
Published: March 2021

Background:

Tamoxifen is one of the medicines for adjuvant endocrine therapy of hormone-dependent breast cancer. However, development of resistance to tamoxifen occurs inevitably during treatment. This study aimed to determine whether sensitivity of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells (TAM-R) could be reinstated by tetrandrine (Tet).

Methods:

All experiments were conducted in TAM-R cells derived from the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line by long-term tamoxifen exposure. Cell growth, apoptosis, and autophagy were end-points that evaluated the effect of Tet (0.9 μg/ml, 1.8 μg/ml, and 3.75 μg/ml) alone or in combination with TAM (1 μM). Cell apoptosis was determined by an ELISA assay and autophagy was determined by fluorescent staining using the Enzo autophagy detection kit. Immunoblotting was used to evaluate markers for apoptosis, autophagy, and related signal pathway molecules.

Results:

Growth of TAM-R cells was significantly inhibited by Tet. Combination of Tet with tamoxifen induced a greater inhibition on cell growth than tamoxifen alone, which was predominantly due to enhancement of pro-apoptotic effect of TAM by Tet. Autophagy was significantly inhibited in TAM-R cells treated with Tet plus TAM as shown by increased autophagosomes and the levels of LC3-II and p62. At 0.9 μg/ml, Tet increased the levels of both apoptosis and autophagy markers. Among them increase in p53 levels was more dramatic.

Conclusions:

Tet as a monotherapy inhibits TAM-R cells. Tet potentiates the pro-apoptotic effect of TAM via inhibition of autophagy.
Grad Night Surprise: Ethic of Care and Restorative Justice
Authors: Deery Sharon , Chiappino Kathryn
Published: March 2021

Building trust and loyalty creates an ethical foundation in schools that welcomes openness and sincerity within the community. This case focuses on challenging disciplinary questions in which authentic and transformative leaders/principals, through critical self-reflection, awareness, and discipline, must explore the effects that teachers and students can have on the community as a whole. Troubling incidents at a Grade 8 graduation ceremony change the tone from one of celebration to that of bitterness. Potential implications of behavioral challenges from students and teachers are seen throughout this case which could negatively affect school culture. Principals must make decisions to affect positive outcomes.
Risk Factors for Nonunion Following Ankle Arthrodesis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Patel Sumit , Baker Lauren , Perez Jose , Vulcano Ettore , Kaplan Jonathan , Aiyer Amiethab
Published: March 2021

Background

Nonunion is a postoperative complication after ankle arthrodesis (AA), which leads to increased morbidity and revision rates. Previous studies have identified risk factors for nonunion following AA, but no meta-analysis has been performed to stratify risk factors based on strength of evidence.

Methods

Abstracts and full-text articles were screened by 2 independent reviewers. Relevant data were extracted from the included studies. Random effects meta-analyses were summarized as forest plots of individual study and pooled random effect results.

Results

Database search yielded 13 studies involving 987 patients were included, and 37 potential risk factors for nonunion. Meta-analysis found 5 significant risk factors for nonunion post-AA. Strong evidence supports male gender (OR: 1.96; 95% CI: 1.13-3.41), smoking (OR: 2.89; 95% CI: 1.23-6.76), and history of operative site infection prior to arthrodesis (OR: 2.40; 95% CI: 1.13-5.09) as predictors for nonunion following AA. There was moderate evidence supporting history of open injury (OR: 5.95; 95% CI: 2.31-15.38) and limited evidence for preoperative avascular necrosis (OR: 13.16; 95% CI: 2.17-79.61) as possible risk factors for nonunion.

Conclusion

The results of our meta-analysis suggest that male gender, smoking, and history of operative site infection have strong evidence and that history of open injury and avascular necrosis also have evidence as risk factors for nonunion. Surgeons should be cognizant of these risks when performing AA and closely follow up with patients with the aforementioned risk factors to ensure postoperative success.

Levels of Evidence:

Level V: Systematic review of cohort and case-control studies