bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RIPK1 promotes death receptor-independent caspase-8-mediated apoptosis under unresolved ER stress conditions
Authors: Estornes Y , Aguileta M A , Dubuisson C , De Keyser J , Goossens V , Kersse K , Samali A , Vandenabeele P , Bertrand M J M
Published: December 2014

Accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) causes ER stress and results in the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), which aims at restoring ER homeostasis. However, when the stress is too severe the UPR switches from being a pro-survival response to a pro-death one, and the molecular mechanisms underlying ER stress-mediated death have remained incompletely understood. In this study, we identified receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1)—a kinase at the crossroad between life and death downstream of various receptors—as a new regulator of ER stress-induced death. We found that Ripk1-deficient MEFs are protected from apoptosis induced by ER stressors, which is reflected by reduced caspase activation and PARP processing. Interestingly, the pro-apoptotic role of Ripk1 is independent of its kinase activity, is not regulated by its cIAP1/2-mediated ubiquitylation, and does not rely on the direct regulation of JNK or CHOP, two reportedly main players in ER stress-induced death. Instead, we found that ER stress-induced apoptosis in these cells relies on death receptor-independent activation of caspase-8, and identified Ripk1 upstream of caspase-8. However, in contrast to RIPK1-dependent apoptosis downstream of TNFR1, we did not find Ripk1 associated with caspase-8 in a death-inducing complex upon unresolved ER stress. Our data rather suggest that RIPK1 indirectly regulates caspase-8 activation, in part via interaction with the ER stress sensor inositol-requiring protein 1 (IRE1).
Dynamic SUMO modification regulates mitotic chromosome assembly and cell cycle progression in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Pelisch Federico , Sonneville Remi , Pourkarimi Ehsan , Agostinho Ana , Blow J. Julian , Gartner Anton , Hay Ronald T.
Published: December 2014

The small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO), initially characterized as a suppressor of a mutation in the gene encoding the centromeric protein MIF2, is involved in many aspects of cell cycle regulation. The dynamics of conjugation and deconjugation and the role of SUMO during the cell cycle remain unexplored. Here we used Caenorhabditis elegans to establish the contribution of SUMO to a timely and accurate cell division. Chromatin-associated SUMO conjugates increase during metaphase but decrease rapidly during anaphase. Accumulation of SUMO conjugates on the metaphase plate and proper chromosome alignment depend on the SUMO E2 conjugating enzyme UBC-9 and SUMO E3 ligase PIASGEI-17. Deconjugation is achieved by the SUMO protease ULP-4 and is crucial for correct progression through the cell cycle. Moreover, ULP-4 is necessary for Aurora BAIR-2 extraction from chromatin and relocation to the spindle mid-zone. Our results show that dynamic SUMO conjugation plays a role in cell cycle progression.
Cu2O nanoparticles synthesis by microplasma
Authors: Du ChangMing , Xiao MuDan
Published: December 2014

A simple microplasma method was used to synthesize cuprous oxide (Cu2O) nanoparticles in NaCl–NaOH–NaNO3 electrolytic system. Microplasma was successfully used as the cathode and copper plate was used as the anode. The Cu2O products are characterized by X–ray powder diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results show that the morphology of Cu2O nanocrystals obtained by this technology is mainly dependent on the electrolytic media, stirring, current density and reaction temperature. The uniform and monodisperse sphere Cu2O nanoparticles with the size about 400 ~ 600 nm can be easily obtained in H2O–ethylene glycol mix–solvent (volume ratio 1:1) and appropriate current density with stirring at room temperature. In addition, the possible mechanism has been reported in the article. And the average energy consumed in producing 1 g Cu2O nanoparticles is 180 kJ. For the flexibility and effectiveness of this microplasma technology, it will have broad application prospects in the realm of nanoscience, energy and environment.
A “turn-on” fluorescent sensor for ultrasensitive detection of melamine based on a new fluorescence probe and AuNPs
Authors: Lu Qiujun , Zhao Jiangna , Xue Shanyan , Yin Peng , Zhang Youyu , Yao Shouzhuo
Published: December 2014

A new fluorescence sensor for melamine was fabricated by combining a new fluorescent probe 7-(benzylamino)-9,9-dibutyl-9H-fluorene-2-carbaldehyde and AuNPs. This nanosensor has been applied to the determination of melamine in milk samples with satisfactory results.
Multiplexed detection of two proteins by a reaction kinetics-resolved chemiluminescence immunoassay strategy
Authors: Wang Wenwen , Ouyang Hui , Yang Shijia , Wang Lin , Fu Zhifeng
Published: December 2014

A multiplexed immunoassay method was proposed for the sequential detection of two proteins based on a novel chemiluminescence reaction kinetics-resolved strategy.
A sensitive assay for trypsin using poly(thymine)-templated copper nanoparticles as fluorescent probes
Authors: Ou Li-Juan , Li Xiao-Yan , Li Li-Juan , Liu Hong-Wei , Sun Ai-Ming , Liu Kai-Jian
Published: December 2014

A novel fluorescence assay for trypsin was developed based on trypsin-catalyzed hydrolysis of cytochrome c-induced fluorescence quenching of CuNPs.
Enhanced transcellular penetration and drug delivery by crosslinked polymeric micelles into pancreatic multicellular tumor spheroids
Authors: Lu Hongxu , Utama Robert H. , Kitiyotsawat Uraiphan , Babiuch Krzysztof , Jiang Yanyan , Stenzel Martina H.
Published: December 2014

The penetration of HPMA-based micelles into multicellular tumor spheroids depends on transcellular transport from peripheral to inner cells. Stabilisation by crosslinking facilitated the penetration.
Catalytic hydrogen production from paraformaldehyde and water using an organoiridium complex
Authors: Suenobu Tomoyoshi , Isaka Yusuke , Shibata Satoshi , Fukuzumi Shunichi
Published: December 2014

A water-soluble iridium(iii)–hydroxo complex catalyses the production of H2from paraformaldehyde in water under basic conditions at 298 K.
Dynamic constitutional frameworks for DNA biomimetic recognition
Authors: Catana Romina , Barboiu Mihail , Moleavin Ioana , Clima Lilia , Rotaru Alexandru , Ursu Elena-Laura , Pinteala Mariana
Published: December 2014

The strategy presented here can be used to self-generate dynamic constitutional networks for the systematic rationalization of active delivery systems. It leaves the possibility of DNA to self-select and self-generate the most adapted carrier for its own active and optimal transfection.
Intrinsic formation of nanocrystalline neptunium dioxide under neutral aqueous conditions relevant to deep geological repositories
Authors: Husar Richard , Hübner René , Hennig Christoph , Martin Philippe M. , Chollet Mélanie , Weiss Stephan , Stumpf Thorsten , Zänker Harald , Ikeda-Ohno Atsushi
Published: December 2014

Simple dilution of an aqueous Np(iv) bicarbonate solution triggers the intrinsic formation of nanocrystalline neptunium dioxide (NpO2). This new formation route could be a likely scenario in the repository and disposal of radioactive waste.
Splaying hyperthin polyelectrolyte multilayers to increase their gas permeability
Authors: Yi Song , Lin Cen , Regen Steven L.
Published: December 2014

The concept of splayed, hyperthin polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) is introduced in which a bulky, hydrophilic and charged pendant group is used to increase the gas permeability of a PEM without reducing its permeation selectivity.
Cellular activity of siRNA oligonucleotides containing synthetic isomorphic nucleoside surrogates
Authors: Shin Dongwon , Lönn Peter , Dowdy Steven F. , Tor Yitzhak
Published: December 2014

Singly and multiply modified synthetic siRNA oligonucleotides, containing highly isomorphic surrogate nucleobases, show high interference activity in cell culture.
Towards enantioselective adsorption in surface-confined nanoporous systems
Authors: Ghijsens Elke , Cao Hai , Noguchi Aya , Ivasenko Oleksandr , Fang Yuan , Tahara Kazukuni , Tobe Yoshito , De Feyter Steven
Published: December 2014

The adsorption of chiral molecules in surface-confined chiral porous networks shows pronounced selectivity, as a result of complementary host–guest interactions.
In situ preparation of 3D graphene aerogels@hierarchical Fe3O4 nanoclusters as high rate and long cycle anode materials for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Fan Lishuang , Li Bingjiang , Rooney David W. , Zhang Naiqing , Sun Kening
Published: December 2014

We describe a novel strategy for in situ fabrication of hierarchical Fe3O4 nanoclusters–GAs. Fe3O4 NCs–GAs deliver excellent rate capability and a high reversible capacity of 577 mAh g−1 over 300 cycles at the current density of 5.2 A g−1.
Nickel-catalysed synthesis of tetrasubstituted vinyl sulfides from thiocarbamates and internal alkynes
Authors: Inami Tasuku , Kurahashi Takuya , Matsubara Seijiro
Published: December 2014

The thiocarbamoylation of internal alkynes to produce tetrasubstituted β-aminocarbonyl vinyl sulfides was demonstrated using a nickel catalyst. This reaction was successful with a wide variety of substituents, and gave the syn-adducts exclusively.
Tuning the sorption properties via activation treatments of a metastable Zn-1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate framework with dodecahedral and cubic cages
Authors: Ma Huanqing , Wang Shujun , Liu Hongyan , Meng Fanbin , Zheng Wangang , Gao Weiying
Published: December 2014

Presented here is a metastable MOF built from the alternating connection of dodecahedral and cubic cages. Three different activation treatments, vacuum-drying, freeze-benzene drying and SCD activation, were performed to optimize the porosity and gas uptakes of the metastable MOF.
Pentaglyme–K salt binary mixtures: phase behavior, solvate structures, and physicochemical properties
Authors: Mandai Toshihiko , Tsuzuki Seiji , Ueno Kazuhide , Dokko Kaoru , Watanabe Masayoshi
Published: December 2014

Cationic Lewis acidity, anionic Lewis basicity, and their mutual interactions have a significant impact on the ionic nature of equimolar complexes composed of glymes and different alkali–metal salts.
Carrier dynamics of a visible-light-responsive Ta3N5photoanode for water oxidation
Authors: Ziani Ahmed , Nurlaela Ela , Dhawale Dattatray S. , Silva Diego Alves , Alarousu Erkki , Mohammed Omar F. , Takanabe Kazuhiro
Published: December 2014

The physicochemical properties of a tantalum nitride (Ta3N5) photoanode were investigated in detail to understand the fundamental aspects associated with the photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation.
Structural, Raman spectroscopic and microwave dielectric studies on Ni1−x(Zn1/2Zr1/2)xW1−xNbxO4ceramic compounds with wolframite structure
Authors: Ramarao S. D. , Murthy V. R. K.
Published: December 2014

Ni1−x(Zn1/2Zr1/2)xW1−xNbxO4(x= 0.0–1.0) compositions were synthesizedviaa conventional solid-state reaction method.
Antisite-disorder, magnetic and thermoelectric properties of Mo-rich Sr2Fe1−yMo1+yO6 (0 ≤ y ≤ 0.2) double perovskites
Authors: Popuri Srinivasa R. , Redpath Debbie , Chan Gavin , Smith Ronald I. , Cespedes Oscar , Bos Jan-Willem G.
Published: December 2014

A-site deficiency does not survive in Sr2−xFeMoO6 and instead Mo-rich Sr2Fe1−yMo1+yO6 perovskites, characterised by the gradual disordering of Fe and Mo, form.
Malaria detection using inertial microfluidics
Authors: Warkiani Majid Ebrahimi , Tay Andy Kah Ping , Khoo Bee Luan , Xiaofeng Xu , Han Jongyoon , Lim Chwee Teck
Published: December 2014

Diagnosis of malaria at the early stage of infection is challenging due to the difficulty in detecting low abundance parasites from blood.
High-throughput, deterministic single cell trapping and long-term clonal cell culture in microfluidic devices
Authors: Chen Huaying , Sun Jane , Wolvetang Ernst , Cooper-White Justin
Published: December 2014

In this paper, the design, development and validation of a novel high throughput microfluidic device enabling both the robust and rapid trapping of 100's to 1000's of single cells and their in situ clonal growth is described.
Palladium–gold bimetallic nanoparticle catalysts prepared by “controlled release” from metal-loaded interfacially cross-linked reverse micelles
Authors: Lee Li-Chen , Xiao Chaoxian , Huang Wenyu , Zhao Yan
Published: December 2014

Bimetallic Pd–Au nanoparticles prepared by a novel method were active catalysts for green oxidation of alcohol in water.
Rapid detection of hydrazine in a naphthol-fused chromenyl loop and its effectiveness in human lung cancer cells: tuning remarkable selectivity via the reaction altered pathway supported by theoretical studies
Authors: Goswami Shyamaprosad , Das Avijit Kumar , Saha Urmila , Maity Sibaprasad , Khanra Kalyani , Bhattacharyya Nandan
Published: December 2014

A new chemosensor (NAC) is reported for fast and selective detection of N2H4 in a novel way.
Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of the assembly of filamentous biomacromolecules by the dimer addition mechanism
Authors: Luo Tianzhi , Robinson Douglas N.
Published: December 2014

For filamentous dimers, the closed-packed configuration of aggregated clusters observed in experiments allows the simulations of the aggregation on 2D hexagonal lattices.
Low-temperature preparation of macroscopic nitrogen-doped graphene hydrogel for high-performance ultrafast supercapacitors
Authors: Xin Hao , He Dawei , Wang Yongsheng , Zhao Wen , Du Xiang
Published: December 2014

A Low-temperature method for nitrogen-doped graphene hydrogel and its excellent electrochemical stability and good performance for ultrafast supercapacitors.
2,5-Dithienylpyrrole (DTP) as a donor component in DTP–π–A organic sensitizers: photophysical and photovoltaic properties
Authors: Sharmoukh Walid , Attanzio Antonio , Busatto Eva , Etienne Thibaud , Carli Stefano , Monari Antonio , Assfeld Xavier , Beley Marc , Caramori Stefano , Gros Philippe C.
Published: December 2014

DTP–π–A organic dyes efficiently sensitized TiO2 in DSSCs exhibiting nearly quantitative charge injection yields and regeneration efficiency.
Collagen cross linking and fibril alignment in pericardium
Authors: Kayed Hanan R. , Sizeland Katie H. , Kirby Nigel , Hawley Adrian , Mudie Stephen T. , Haverkamp Richard G.
Published: December 2014

Cross linking was found to be a factor in collagen fibril alignment in pericardium tissue.
Effects of luteolin on retinal oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetes
Authors: Lu Hong-e , Chen Yuan , Sun Xiao-Bo , Tong Bin , Fan Xiao-Hui
Published: December 2014

These studies are the first to show that luteolin can inhibit diabetes-induced retinal abnormalities that are postulated in the development of diabetic retinopathy.
Unraveling the binding interaction of Toluidine blue O with bovine hemoglobin – a multi spectroscopic and molecular modeling approach
Authors: Shanmugaraj Krishnamoorthy , Anandakumar Shanmugam , Ilanchelian Malaichamy
Published: December 2014

Toluidine blue O (TBO) is a cationic photosensitizer that belongs to the class of phenothiazinium dyes.
Selective droplet sampling using a minimum number of horizontal pneumatic actuators in a high aspect ratio and highly flexible PDMS device
Authors: Yoon Dong Hyun , Wakui Daisuke , Nakahara Asahi , Sekiguchi Tetsushi , Shoji Shuichi
Published: December 2014

This paper presents a droplet sampling device driven by horizontal pneumatic actuators.
Toughening and strengthening mechanisms of porous akermanite scaffolds reinforced with nano-titania
Authors: Feng Pei , Gao Chengde , Shuai Cijun , Peng Shuping
Published: December 2014

Akermanite possesses excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, while low fracture toughness and brittleness have limited its use in load bearing sites of bone tissue.
Mesoporous PdO/Pt/Al2O3 film produced by reverse-micro-emulsion and its application for methane micro-sensor
Authors: Li Liang , Li Gengnan , Yuan Yuan
Published: December 2014

A worm-like PdO/Pt/Al2O3 film on a MEMS micro-heater has a high specific area and is crystalline, which is favorable for catalytic combustion applications.
Hierarchical self-assembly, photo-responsive phase behavior and variable tensile property of azobenzene-containing ABA triblock copolymers
Authors: Tong Zai-Zai , Xue Jin-Qiao , Wang Rui-Yang , Huang Jie , Xu Jun-Ting , Fan Zhi-Qiang
Published: December 2014

A series of triblock copolymers with liquid crystalline (LC) poly{6-[4-(4-methoxyphenylazo)phenoxy]hexyl methacrylate} (PMMAZO) as the end blocks and rubbery poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PnBA) as the midblock were synthesized.
Resveratrol improves fungal ribosylation capacity through a unique mechanism
Authors: Zhao Guo-Yan , Fan Jing-Yang , Hua Cheng-Pin , Yan Wei , Chen Chao-Jun , Lu Yan-Hua , Jiao Rui-Hua , Tan Ren-Xiang
Published: December 2014

The conventionally undetectable fungal ribosylation of phenols is addressed to provide evidence for microbial detoxification mechanisms and access to new ribosides.
BODIPY-based fluorescent probe for the simultaneous detection of glutathione and cysteine/homocysteine at different excitation wavelengths
Authors: Niu Li-Ya , Yang Qing-Qing , Zheng Hai-Rong , Chen Yu-Zhe , Wu Li-Zhu , Tung Chen-Ho , Yang Qing-Zheng
Published: December 2014

We reported a BODIPY-based fluorescent probe for the simultaneous detection of GSH and Cys/Hcy.
Perovskite solar cell with low cost Cu-phthalocyanine as hole transporting material
Authors: Kumar Challuri Vijay , Sfyri Georgia , Raptis Dimitrios , Stathatos Elias , Lianos Panagiotis
Published: December 2014

Low cost copper phthalocyanine has been used as hole-transporting material for the construction of organolead halide solid state perovskite solar cells.
Performance assessment of an analcime-C zeolite–ceramic composite membrane by removal of Cr(vi) from aqueous solution
Authors: Kumar R. Vinoth , Basumatary Ashim Kumar , Ghoshal Aloke Kumar , Pugazhenthi G.
Published: December 2014

The aim of this work is to fabricate an analcime-C composite membrane by anin situhydrothermal crystallization method and investigate its separation potential by the ultrafiltration of Cr(vi) from aqueous solution.
Investigation of the capacitive performance of polyaniline/modified graphite composite electrodes
Authors: Fan Xinzhuang , Gao Hai , Zhong Lian , Xu Haibo , Liu Jianguo , Yan Chuanwei
Published: December 2014

In spite of little thready PANi observed on the PANi/MGE, the composite electrode possesses an excellent pseudo-capacitive performance and ratio characteristics, which might attributed to the synergistic effect between PANi and MGE.
Solid state organic amine detection in a photochromic porous metal organic framework
Authors: Mallick Arijit , Garai Bikash , Addicoat Matthew A. , Petkov Petko St. , Heine Thomas , Banerjee Rahul
Published: December 2014

A new Mg(ii) based porous metal–organic framework (MOF) has been synthesized from naphthalenediimide (NDI) chromophoric unit containing linker. This MOF (Mg–NDI) shows instant and reversible photochromism as well as solvatochromic behavior. Due to the presence of electron deficient NDI moiety, this MOF exhibits selective organic amine (electron rich) sensing in solid state.
A new microporous anionic metal–organic framework as a platform for highly selective adsorption and separation of organic dyes
Authors: He Yuan-Chun , Yang Jin , Kan Wei-Qiu , Zhang Hong-Mei , Liu Ying-Ying , Ma Jian-Fang
Published: December 2014

In this work, we report a new microporous negatively charged metal–organic framework, and its utilization as a platform for the highly selective adsorption and separation of organic dyes through an ion-exchange process.
Graphene/carbon-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticle hybrids for enhanced lithium storage
Authors: Jiang Xin , Yang Xiaoling , Zhu Yihua , Yao Yifan , Zhao Peng , Li Chunzhong
Published: December 2014

A novel hierarchical nanostructure composed of carbon coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles with seed-like morphology distributed on graphene (G/Fe3O4@C) is prepared as an advanced anode.
Bactericidal magnetic nanoparticles with iodine loaded on surface grafted poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)
Authors: Au-Duong Ai-Nhan , Vo Duc-Thang , Lee Cheng-Kang
Published: December 2014

Bactericidal magnetic nanoparticles were prepared by complexing iodine with poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) grown at the surface of silica coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP).
Dual use of porphyrazines as sensitizers and viscosity markers in photodynamic therapy
Authors: Izquierdo M. Angeles , Vyšniauskas Aurimas , Lermontova Svetlana A. , Grigoryev Ilya S. , Shilyagina Natalia Y. , Balalaeva Irina V. , Klapshina Larisa G. , Kuimova Marina K.
Published: December 2014

A dual-function photoactive macrocycle enables simultaneous viscosity measurements and photodynamic therapy treatment, allowing the monitoring of PDT progress by FLIM.
Beyond a means of exposure: a new view of the mother in toxicology research
Authors: Catanese Mary C. , Suvorov Alexander , Vandenberg Laura N.
Published: December 2014

Toxicological studies generally view pregnant animals as a conduit through which gestational exposure of offspring to chemicals can be achieved, allowing for the study of developmental toxicity.
Implementation of adaptive inverse controller for an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor adjustable speed drive system based on predictive current control
Authors: Chen Yi , Liu Tian‐Hua , Hsiao Chieh‐Fu , Lin Cheng‐Kai
Published: December 2014

This study investigates the implementation of predictive current control for an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drive system. By measuring the current deviation of each switching interval, the optimal switching state of the inverter can be determined. As a result, the proposed method is insensitive to the variations of the motor parameters. In addition, a satisfactory tracking ability of the current‐loop control can be achieved. An adaptive inverse controller, which includes adaptive modelling and adaptive control, is used as a speed‐loop control to enhance the performance of the adjustable closed‐loop speed control system, including fast transient responses, good load disturbance responses and satisfactory tracking responses. A digital signal processor (DSP), TMS‐320LF‐2407, is used to execute the predictive current control and the adaptive inverse controller. As a result, the hardware is very simple. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the performance of an IPMSM drive.
Efficient scheduling of sporadic tasks for real‐time wireless sensor networks
Authors: Azeem Mukhtar , Khan Majid Iqbal , Khan Samee Ullah , Gansterer Wilfried
Published: December 2014

Industrial automation requires hard real‐time delivery of data that can be of periodic or sporadic in nature. It is challenging to ensure hard real‐time delivery of periodic and sporadic data to a multi‐hop away destination in a bandwidth constrained environment, such as wireless sensor networks. In this regard, research has been done for joint scheduling of periodic and sporadic data delivery using the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. However, delivery to a destination that is multiple hops away has not been handled. Moreover, the IEEE 802.15.4 standard compliance is not fully taken care of. This study proposes a novel communication protocol that is IEEE 802.15.4 standard compliant, for real‐time delivery of sporadic and periodic data to a destination that is multiple hops away. Implicit decisions at various nodes result in the minimal increase in the control traffic and reduced energy dissipation. The proposed protocol is tested using the OPNET simulator and the correctness is proven through a multitude of simulation results.
Range‐only distributed navigation protocol for uniform coverage in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Santoso Fendy
Published: December 2014

In this study, the authors propose a novel range‐only distributed motion coordination to achieve square‐grid blanket coverage for self‐deployments of networked multi‐robot systems. They specifically address the research question of maximising coverage and minimising local uniformity index (i.e. to achieve uniform coverage) for each sensor node while simultaneously maintaining the connectivity of the whole network in the absence of central coordinated controller. Under the umbrella of intelligent controls, the motion coordination scheme employed in this study is because of the nearest neighbour techniques which are employed for the purpose of clustering and autonomous coordination among sensor nodes in local area (vicinity), that is, to achieve distributed coverage. The author's research indicates that simple motion coordination schemes have led to intelligent ensemble behaviours at group levels. Compared to the existing algorithms, the superiorities of their decentralised protocol are because of its reliability and robustness against inevitable node failures, scalability and flexibility in the sense of the growth of the networks as well as its uniformity across most of steady‐state positions of sensor nodes leading to better network management. They present extensive computer simulations to investigate the effectiveness of their proposed algorithm for self‐deployment in challenging deployment regions.
Ultra‐wideband wireless receiver front‐end for high‐speed indoor applications
Authors: Huang Zhe‐Yang , Chen Chun‐Chieh , Hung Chung‐Chih
Published: December 2014

Low‐noise, ultra‐wideband (UWB) wireless receiver front‐end circuits were presented in this study. A two‐stage common‐source low‐noise amplifier with wideband input impedance matching network, an active‐balun and a double‐balanced down‐conversion mixer were adopted in the UWB wireless receiver front‐end. The proposed wireless receiver front‐end circuits were implemented in 0.18 μm radio‐frequency‐CMOS process. The maximum down‐conversion power gain of the front‐end is 25.8 dB; minimum single‐sideband noise figure of the front‐end is 4.9 dB over complete UWB band ranging from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. Power consumption including buffers is 39.2 mW.
Hydrothermal synthesis of TiO2/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite with enhanced photocatalytic activity
Authors: Cheng Guoe , Zhang Yu , Ke Hanzhong , Hao Tingting , Wang Youzhi
Published: December 2014

The composite of peanut‐like TiO2 nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was successfully synthesised via a facile one‐step hydrothermal method in mixed solvents of diethanol amine and distilled water. The crystallite, morphology and structure features of the composite were characterised by X‐ray diffraction, Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller specific area analysis, transmission electron microscopy and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. The results indicated that the as‐synthesised TiO2 was of peanut‐like shape with about 21–32 nm in length and was anchored on the surface of the rGO sheet. In addition, the TiO2/rGO composite presented excellent photocatalytic activity of rhodamine B under visible light irradiation compared with commercial Degussa P25. A proposed mechanism for the photocatalytic process is also discussed.
Joint radius-length distribution as a measure of anisotropic pore eccentricity: An experimental and analytical framework
Authors: Benjamini Dan , Basser Peter J.
Published: December 2014

In this work, we present an experimental design and analytical framework to measure the nonparametric joint radius-length (R-L) distribution of an ensemble of parallel, finite cylindrical pores, and more generally, the eccentricity distribution of anisotropic pores. Employing a novel 3D double pulsed-field gradient acquisition scheme, we first obtain both the marginal radius and length distributions of a population of cylindrical pores and then use these to constrain and stabilize the estimate of the joint radius-length distribution. Using the marginal distributions as constraints allows the joint R-L distribution to be reconstructed from an underdetermined system (i.e., more variables than equations), which requires a relatively small and feasible number of MR acquisitions. Three simulated representative joint R-L distribution phantoms corrupted by different noise levels were reconstructed to demonstrate the process, using this new framework. As expected, the broader the peaks in the joint distribution, the less stable and more sensitive to noise the estimation of the marginal distributions. Nevertheless, the reconstruction of the joint distribution is remarkably robust to increases in noise level; we attribute this characteristic to the use of the marginal distributions as constraints. Axons are known to exhibit local compartment eccentricity variations upon injury; the extent of the variations depends on the severity of the injury. Nonparametric estimation of the eccentricity distribution of injured axonal tissue is of particular interest since generally one cannot assume a parametric distribution a priori. Reconstructing the eccentricity distribution may provide vital information about changes resulting from injury or that occurred during development.
Normal versus anomalous self-diffusion in two-dimensional fluids: Memory function approach and generalized asymptotic Einstein relation
Authors: Shin Hyun Kyung , Choi Bongsik , Talkner Peter , Lee Eok Kyun
Published: December 2014

Based on the generalized Langevin equation for the momentum of a Brownian particle a generalized asymptotic Einstein relation is derived. It agrees with the well-known Einstein relation in the case of normal diffusion but continues to hold for sub- and super-diffusive spreading of the Brownian particle's mean square displacement. The generalized asymptotic Einstein relation is used to analyze data obtained from molecular dynamics simulations of a two-dimensional soft disk fluid. We mainly concentrated on medium densities for which we found super-diffusive behavior of a tagged fluid particle. At higher densities a range of normal diffusion can be identified. The motion presumably changes to sub-diffusion for even higher densities.
Ultra-high resistive switching mechanism induced by oxygen ion accumulation on nitrogen-doped resistive random access memory
Authors: Chu Tian-Jian , Tsai Tsung-Ming , Chang Ting-Chang , Chang Kuan-Chang , Pan Chih-Hung , Chen Kai-Huang , Chen Jung-Hui , Chen Hsin-Lu , Huang Hui-Chun , Shih Chih-Cheng , Syu Yong-En , Zheng Jin-Cheng , Sze Simon M.
Published: December 2014

This study presents the dual bipolar resistive switching characteristics induced by oxygen-ion accumulation. By introducing nitrogen to the interface between the resistive switching region and active switching electrode, filament-type and interface-type resistive switching behaviors can both exist under different operation conditions. This particular oxygen-ion accumulation-induced switching behavior suggests an extraordinary potential for resistive random access memory applications because the operating power can be significantly decreased (about 100 times). The physical mechanism of this oxygen-ion accumulation-induced interface-type resistive switching behavior is explained by our model and clarified by current conduction mechanism and material analysis.
A microfluidic manifold with a single pump system to generate highly mono-disperse alginate beads for cell encapsulation
Authors: Kim Choong , Park Juyoung , Kang Ji Yoon
Published: December 2014

Cell encapsulation technology is a promising strategy applicable to tissue engineering and cell therapy. Many advanced microencapsulation chips that function via multiple syringe pumps have been developed to generate mono-disperse hydrogel beads encapsulating cells. However, their operation is difficult and only trained microfluidic engineers can use them with dexterity. Hence, we propose a microfluidic manifold system, driven by a single syringe pump, which can enable the setup of automated flow sequences and generate highly mono-disperse alginate beads by minimizing disturbances to the pump pressure. The encapsulation of P19 mouse embryonic carcinoma cells and embryonic body formation are demonstrated to prove the efficiency of the proposed system.
A boundary integral formalism for stochastic ray tracing in billiards
Authors: Chappell David J. , Tanner Gregor
Published: December 2014

Determining the flow of rays or non-interacting particles driven by a force or velocity field is fundamental to modelling many physical processes. These include particle flows arising in fluid mechanics and ray flows arising in the geometrical optics limit of linear wave equations. In many practical applications, the driving field is not known exactly and the dynamics are determined only up to a degree of uncertainty. This paper presents a boundary integral framework for propagating flows including uncertainties, which is shown to systematically interpolate between a deterministic and a completely random description of the trajectory propagation. A simple but efficient discretisation approach is applied to model uncertain billiard dynamics in an integrable rectangular domain.
Excitability in the H2+O2 reaction on a Rh(110) surface induced by high coverages of coadsorbed potassium
Authors: Rafti Matías , Imbihl Ronald
Published: December 2014

By means of photoemission electron microscopy as spatially resolving method, the effect of high coverages of coadsorbed potassium (0.16 ≤ θK ≤ 0.21) on the dynamical behavior of the H2 + O2 reaction over a Rh(110) surface was investigated. We observe that the originally bistable system is transformed into an excitable system as evidenced by the formation of target patterns and spiral waves. At K coverages close to saturation (θK ≈ 0.21) mass transport of potassium with pulses is seen.
Aircraft engine-mounted camera system for long wavelength infrared imaging of in-service thermal barrier coated turbine blades
Authors: Markham James , Cosgrove Joseph , Scire James , Haldeman Charles , Agoos Ian
Published: December 2014

This paper announces the implementation of a long wavelength infrared camera to obtain high-speed thermal images of an aircraft engine's in-service thermal barrier coated turbine blades. Long wavelength thermal images were captured of first-stage blades. The achieved temporal and spatial resolutions allowed for the identification of cooling-hole locations. The software and synchronization components of the system allowed for the selection of any blade on the turbine wheel, with tuning capability to image from leading edge to trailing edge. Its first application delivered calibrated thermal images as a function of turbine rotational speed at both steady state conditions and during engine transients. In advance of presenting these data for the purpose of understanding engine operation, this paper focuses on the components of the system, verification of high-speed synchronized operation, and the integration of the system with the commercial jet engine test bed.
Probing hot-electron effects in wide area plasmonic surfaces using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Ayas Sencer , Cupallari Andi , Dana Aykutlu
Published: December 2014

Plasmon enhanced hot carrier formation in metallic nanostructures increasingly attracts attention due to potential applications in photodetection, photocatalysis, and solar energy conversion. Here, hot-electron effects in nanoscale metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structures are investigated using a non-contact X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy based technique using continuous wave X-ray and laser excitations. The effects are observed through shifts of the binding energy of the top metal layer upon excitation with lasers of 445, 532, and 650 nm wavelength. The shifts are polarization dependent for plasmonic MIM grating structures fabricated by electron beam lithography. Wide area plasmonic MIM surfaces fabricated using a lithography free route by the dewetting of evaporated Ag on HfO2 exhibit polarization independent optical absorption and surface photovoltage. Using a simple model and making several assumptions about the magnitude of the photoemission current, the responsivity and external quantum efficiency of wide area plasmonic MIM surfaces are estimated as 500 nA/W and 11 × 10−6 for 445 nm illumination.
Characterization of the axial plasma shock in a table top plasma focus after the pinch and its possible application to testing materials for fusion reactors
Authors: Soto Leopoldo , Pavez Cristian , Moreno José , Inestrosa-Izurieta María José , Veloso Felipe , Gutiérrez Gonzalo , Vergara Julio , Clausse Alejandro , Bruzzone Horacio , Castillo Fermín , Delgado-Aparicio Luis F.
Published: December 2014

The characterization of plasma bursts produced after the pinch phase in a plasma focus of hundreds of joules, using pulsed optical refractive techniques, is presented. A pulsed Nd-YAG laser at 532 nm and 8 ns FWHM pulse duration was used to obtain Schlieren images at different times of the plasma dynamics. The energy, interaction time with a target, and power flux of the plasma burst were assessed, providing useful information for the application of plasma focus devices for studying the effects of fusion-relevant pulses on material targets. In particular, it was found that damage factors on targets of the order of 104 (W/cm2)s1/2 can be obtained with a small plasma focus operating at hundred joules.
Cascaded spiral microfluidic device for deterministic and high purity continuous separation of circulating tumor cells
Authors: Kim Tae Hyun , Yoon Hyeun Joong , Stella Philip , Nagrath Sunitha
Published: December 2014

Inertial microfluidics is an emerging class of technologies developed to separate circulating tumor cells (CTCs). However, defining design parameters and flow conditions for optimal operation remains nondeterministic due to incomplete understanding of the mechanics, which has led to challenges in designing efficient systems. Here, we perform a parametric study of the inertial focusing effects observed in low aspect ratio curvilinear microchannels and utilize the results to demonstrate the isolation of CTCs with high purity. First, we systematically vary parameters including the channel height, width, and radius of curvature over a wide range of flow velocities to analyze its effect on size dependent differential focusing and migration behaviors of binary (10 μm and 20 μm) particles. Second, we use these results to identify optimal flow regimes to achieve maximum separation in various channel configurations and establish design guidelines to readily provide information for developing spiral channels tailored to potentially arbitrary flow conditions that yield a desired equilibrium position for optimal size based CTC separation. Finally, we describe a fully integrated, sheath-less cascaded spiral microfluidic device to continuously isolate CTCs. Human breast cancer epithelial cells were successfully extracted from leukocytes, achieving 86.76% recovery, 97.91% depletion rate, and sustaining high viability upon collection to demonstrate the versatility of the device. Importantly, this device was designed without the cumbersome trail-and-error optimization process that has hindered the development of designing such inertial microfluidic systems.
Modeling of n-InAs metal oxide semiconductor capacitors with high-κ gate dielectric
Authors: Babadi A. S. , Lind E. , Wernersson L. E.
Published: December 2014

A qualitative analysis on capacitance-voltage and conductance data for high-κ/InAs capacitors is presented. Our measured data were evaluated with a full equivalent circuit model, including both majority and minority carriers, as well as interface and border traps, formulated for narrow band gap metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors. By careful determination of interface trap densities, distribution of border traps across the oxide thickness, and taking into account the bulk semiconductor response, it is shown that the trap response has a strong effect on the measured capacitances. Due to the narrow bandgap of InAs, there can be a large surface concentration of electrons and holes even in depletion, so a full charge treatment is necessary.
Polarization rotation and piezoelectricity of electric field-induced monoclinic and triclinic structures in strained PbTiO3
Authors: Ma Wenhui , Hao Aize
Published: December 2014

Electric field-induced polarization rotation, phase changes, and piezoelectric effect of strained PbTiO3 films have been investigated using a phenomenological approach. Low-symmetry monoclinic and triclinic structures have been induced, and the type of intermediate phases during polarization rotation is closely related to both the initial state at zero electric field and anisotropy of the in-plane strain. The monoclinic MC and triclinic structures in general may exhibit high shear piezoelectric coefficient d35 and sometimes also remarkable enhancement of longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient d33 around the transition point. High piezoelectric activity and low critical field have been found in epitaxial PbTiO3 with equal but opposite in-plane strain where monoclinic MC is the only intermediate phase on the polarization path. The present results suggest that anisotropy of epitaxial strain may have significant impact on polarization rotation behavior and electromechanical coupling of ferroelectric thin films.
Effective reduction of trap density at the Y2O3/Ge interface by rigorous high-temperature oxygen annealing
Authors: Bethge O. , Zimmermann C. , Lutzer B. , Simsek S. , Smoliner J. , Stöger-Pollach M. , Henkel C. , Bertagnolli E.
Published: December 2014

The impact of thermal post deposition annealing in oxygen at different temperatures on the Ge/Y2O3 interface is investigated using metal oxide semiconductor capacitors, where the yttrium oxide was grown by atomic layer deposition from tris(methylcyclopentadienyl)yttrium and H2O precursors on n-type (100)-Ge substrates. By performing in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the growth of GeO during the first cycles of ALD was proven and interface trap densities just below 1 × 1011 eV−1 cm−2 were achieved by oxygen annealing at high temperatures (550 °C–600 °C). The good interface quality is most likely driven by the growth of interfacial GeO2 and thermally stabilizing yttrium germanate.
Fabrication of poly(methyl methacrylate)-MoS2/graphene heterostructure for memory device application
Authors: Shinde Sachin M. , Kalita Golap , Tanemura Masaki
Published: December 2014

Combination of two dimensional graphene and semi-conducting molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is of great interest for various electronic device applications. Here, we demonstrate fabrication of a hybridized structure with the chemical vapor deposited graphene and MoS2 crystals to configure a memory device. Elongated hexagonal and rhombus shaped MoS2 crystals are synthesized by sulfurization of thermally evaporated molybdenum oxide (MoO3) thin film. Scanning transmission electron microscope studies reveal atomic level structure of the synthesized high quality MoS2 crystals. In the prospect of a memory device fabrication, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is used as an insulating dielectric material as well as a supporting layer to transfer the MoS2 crystals. In the fabricated device, PMMA-MoS2 and graphene layers act as the functional and electrode materials, respectively. Distinctive bistable electrical switching and nonvolatile rewritable memory effect is observed in the fabricated PMMA-MoS2/graphene heterostructure. The developed material system and demonstrated memory device fabrication can be significant for next generation data storage applications.
Shock response of He bubbles in single crystal Cu
Authors: Li B. , Wang L. , E J. C. , Ma H. H. , Luo S. N.
Published: December 2014

With large-scale molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate shock response of He nanobubbles in single crystal Cu. For sufficient bubble size or internal pressure, a prismatic dislocation loop may form around a bubble in unshocked Cu. The internal He pressure helps to stabilize the bubble against plastic deformation. However, the prismatic dislocation loops may partially heal but facilitate nucleation of new shear and prismatic dislocation loops. For strong shocks, the internal pressure also impedes internal jetting, while a bubble assists local melting; a high speed jet breaks a He bubble into pieces dispersed among Cu. Near-surface He bubbles may burst and form high velocity ejecta containing atoms and small fragments, while the ejecta velocities do not follow the three-dimensional Maxwell-Boltzmann distributions expected for thermal equilibrium. The biggest fragment size deceases with increasing shock strength. With a decrease in ligament thickness or an increase in He bubble size, the critical shock strength required for bubble bursting decreases, while the velocity range, space extension and average velocity component along the shock direction, increase. Small bubbles are more efficient in mass ejecting. Compared to voids and perfect single crystal Cu, He bubbles have pronounced effects on shock response including bubble/void collapse, Hugoniot elastic limit (HEL), deformation mechanisms, and surface jetting. HEL is the highest for perfect single crystal Cu with the same orientations, followed by He bubbles without pre-existing prismatic dislocation loops, and then voids. Complete void collapse and shear dislocations occur for embedded voids, as opposed to partial collapse, and shear and possibly prismatic dislocations for He bubbles. He bubbles lower the threshhold shock strength for ejecta formation, and increase ejecta velocity and ejected mass.
A nonlinear model for the layer between plates in acoustic noncontact transportation
Authors: Li Jin , Cao Wenwu , Zhang Wenjun
Published: December 2014

To more accurately describe the noncontact transport behavior of traveling acoustic waves, a nonlinear model is presented in this paper for the squeeze gas film with consideration of gas inertia in the case of a large amplitude motion and low viscosity of the gas. A closed form solution is derived for the vertical and horizontal forces of the film from this model. Our results have shown that the gas inertia has a significant influence on the pressure distribution in the squeeze film, and the inertial force is higher than the viscous force. The predicted levitation and horizontal driving forces are found to be in good agreement with our experimental measurements. Our inertia model provides a powerful tool for the force estimation and its potential benefits could be far reaching. The accurate prediction of these forces is useful to design the system for levitating and transporting planar objects, such as MEMS devices, glass substrates, and IC chips
τ-MnAl with high coercivity and saturation magnetization
Authors: Wei J. Z. , Song Z. G. , Yang Y. B. , Liu S. Q. , Du H. L. , Han J. Z. , Zhou D. , Wang C. S. , Yang Y. C. , Franz A. , Többens D. , Yang J. B.
Published: December 2014

In this paper, high purity τ-Mn54Al46 and Mn54−xAl46Cxalloys were successfully prepared using conventional arc-melting, melt-spinning, and heat treatment process. The magnetic and the structural properties were examined using x-ray diffraction (XRD), powder neutron diffraction and magnetic measurements. A room temperature saturation magnetization of 650.5 kAm-1, coercivity of 0.5 T, and a maximum energy product of (BH)max = 24.7 kJm-3 were achieved for the pure Mn54Al46 powders without carbon doping. The carbon substituted Mn54−xAl46Cx, however, reveals a lower Curie temperature but similar saturation magnetization as compared to the carbon-free sample. The electronic structure of MnAl shows that the Mn atom possesses a magnetic moment of 2.454 μB which results from strong hybridization between Mn-Al and Mn-Mn. We also investigated the volume and c/a ratio dependence of the magnetic moments of Mn and Al. The results indicate that an increase in the intra-atomic exchange splitting due to the cell volume expansion, leads to a large magnetic moment for the Mn atom. The Mn magnetic moment can reach a value of 2.9 μB at a volume expansion rate of ΔV/V ≈ 20%.