bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microbial nitrogen production, nitrogen balance and excretion of urinary purine derivatives in Corriedale ewes under water deprivation
Authors: Nejad Jalil Ghassemi , Oskouian Ehsan , Kim Byong-Wan , Lee Bae-Hun , Sung Kyung-Il
Published: November 2016

The objective of this study was to determine microbial N production, and urinary excretion of PDs in Corriedale ewes under water deprivation. Nine Corriedale ewes (average BW=45±4.5 kg) were individually fed diets based on maintenance requirements in metabolic crates. Ewes were assigned to three treatment groups according to a 3×3 Latin square design for 3 periods of 21 days duration. The treatments were free access to water (FAW ), 2h water deprivation (2hWD), and 3h water deprivation (3hWD) following feeding. Daily water intake decreased linearly as water deprivation time following feeding increased. Feed intake and fecal excretion were not different among the treatment groups. Urine weight and volume were higher in FAW than water deprived groups. Nitrogen balance including urinary N, retained N, urinary N/intake N, and retained N/intake N were lower in FAW group than other treatment groups, whereas no differences were observed in intake N, fecal N, digestible N, and fecal N/intake N among the treatment groups. Allantoin concentration tended to be higher in FAW group than 2hWD and 3hWD groups while no differences were observed in uric acid, xanthine+hypoxanthine and creatinine concentrations. Microbial N production per DOMR was higher in 2hWD and 3hWD groups than FAW group whereas no differences were observed between 2hWD and 3hWD groups. Index of PDC decreased linearly with water deprivation. It is concluded that water deprivation following feeding, especially 2 h water deprivation in ewes improved microbial N production.
Die Normativität des Krankheitsbegriffs: Zur Genese und Geltung von Kriterien der Krankhaftigkeit
Authors: Hucklenbroich Peter
Published: November 2016

The question whether the concept of disease is descriptive or normative, is controversial in philosophical debates. A philosophical investigation of medical pathology concerning this question has hitherto been lacking. This paper is based on the reconstruction of general medical pathology as outlined in earlier work of this author. Key concepts of medical pathology are: disease entity, pathologicity, disease criterion, disease value, medical indication. The criteria of pathologicity and the general pathology are briefly sketched. It is shown that these conceptions constitute a dimension of objective value that is rooted in the psychosomatic human nature but is compatible with additional, superposed subjective or sociocultural values concerning disease. The concept and procedure of medical indication constitute the bridge between objective disease values and subjective values or norms. In deciding whether treatment is needed and demanded, the values of the ill subject are decisive. Thus, the controversy between naturalists and normativist may be transformed into a coalition.
Reflective Equilibria in Metrology?
Authors: Schlaudt Oliver
Published: November 2016

In this paper I propose to read the history of systems of units, and in particular the current reform of the International System of Units (SI), understood as a set of measuring norms, in the light of reflective equilibria. The idea is that the model of reflective equilibria actually applies to processes which can be empirically observed or studied. This can help us to understand the nature of normativity and to shed light on its relativity to, and dependence on, practice.
Technology of lasers and their applications in oral surgery: Literature review
Authors: Tachmatzidis Theodoros , Dabarakis Nikolaos
Published: November 2016

The word 'Laser' is an acronym for 'Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation '. Recent advances in laser technology have brought a kind of revolution in dentistry. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of clinical application of lasers in oral medicine and especially in oral surgery, including their advantages, disadvantages and safety.
Caries prevalence among 24 to 71-month old children from Banja Luka
Authors: Obradović Marija , Dolić O. , Sukara S.
Published: November 2016

Background: Despite the availability of a variety of preventive and treatment modalities, caries in the early childhood remains a serious and prevalent disease worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) among 24 to 71-month old children who attended the Center for preschool education Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The whole sample included 297 children of both genders. Caries status of each child was recorded using the dmft index according to the WHO criteria. Results: Two hundred ninety-seven children (138 girls and 159 boys) 24 to 71-month old were examined. The overall prevalence of dental caries was 64.65%. Only 23 (7.74%) children had their teeth restored. Conclusions: ECC prevalence among 24 to 71-month old children who attended the Center for pre-school education in Banja Luka is very high, but the problem is even greater because most of those caries lesions are untreated.
Personalized digital smile design for predictable aesthetic results
Authors: Iliev Georgi
Published: November 2016

Nowadays in the aesthetic dentistry concepts, techniques, and materials which aim is to establish new smiles with minimally invasive approaches and maximum natural effect on the restorations and in the same time to restore the mastication and phonetics for a better quality of life are used. However, the patient's demands and the level of information has driven the profession to a certain questioning respecting the treatment customization especially those related to treatment planning according to the individual psychological characteristics of each patient, that if ignored, may lead to esthetically dissatisfaction, even though all the esthetic rules which tend to establish standards were incorporated. The purpose of this article is to show that besides the esthetic rules established throughout the time, the emotional expression of the treatment, represented by the shapes and lines constituent of a smile, should also be taken into consideration during the treatment planning. Softwares for personalized smile design could be powerful tool for planning such new smile designs.
Uncoupling of cardiac and respiratory rhythm in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Platiša Mirjana M. , Bojić Tijana , Pavlović Siniša U. , Radovanović Nikola N. , Kalauzi Aleksandar
Published: November 2016

Rearranged origin of heart rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) influences the regulation of the heart and consequently the respiratory rhythm, and the bidirectional interaction of these rhythms not documented. Hence, we examined coupling of the RR interval and the respiration (Resp) signal by coherence, Granger causality and the cross-sample entropy method of time series analysis in patients with AF and a healthy control group. In healthy subjects, the influence of respiration on cardiac rhythm was found as increased coherence at the breathing frequency (BF) range, significantly stronger interaction and synchrony from Resp to RR than from RR to Resp. On the contrary, in patients with AF, coherence at BF diminished, there were no causal interactions between signals in both directions, which resulted in equally great asynchrony between them. In AF, the absence of full functionality of the sinoatrial node, as an integrator of neural cardiac control, resulted in diminished vagal modulation of heart periods and consequently impaired bidirectional cardio-respiratory interaction.
Remarks on Hodge numbers and invariant
complex structures of compact nilmanifolds
Authors: Yamada Takumi
Published: November 2016

If N is a simply connected real nilpotent Lie group with a Γ-rational complex structure, where Γ is a lattice in N, then
for each s, t.We study relations between invariant complex structures
and Hodge numbers of compact nilmanifolds from a viewpoint of Lie algberas.
Geological model of Lobodice underground gas storage facility based on 3D seismic interpretation
Authors: Kopal Lukáš , Čížek Pavel , Milička Ján
Published: November 2016

The Lobodice underground gas storage (UGS) is developed in a natural aquifer reservoir located in the Central Moravian part of the Carpathian Foredeep in the Czech Republic. In order to learn more about the UGS geological structure a 3D seismic survey was performed in 2009. The reservoir is rather shallow, 400–500 m below the surface. This article describes the process workflow from the 3D seismic field data acquisition to the creation of the geological model. The outcomes of this workflow define the geometry of the UGS reservoir, its tectonics and the sealing features of the structure. Better geological knowledge of the reservoir will reduce the risks involved in the localization of new wells for increasing UGS withdrawal rates.
Genus of abstract modular curves with level-ℓ structures
Authors: Cadoret Anna , Tamagawa Akio
Published: November 2016

We prove – in arbitrary characteristic – that the genus of abstract modular curves associated to bounded families of continuous geometrically perfect

𝔽
ℓ

{\mathbb{F}_{\ell}}

-linear representations of étale fundamental groups of curves goes to infinity with

ℓ

{\ell}

. This applies to the variation of the Galois image on étale cohomology groups with coefficients in

𝔽
ℓ

{\mathbb{F}_{\ell}}

in 1-dimensional families of smooth proper schemes or, under certain assumptions, to specialization of first Galois cohomology groups.
Biomarker strategies: the diagnostic and management process of patients with suspected AMI
Authors: Möckel Martin , Slagman Anna , Searle Julia
Published: November 2016

Security standards of our times largely exclude a discharge of patients with chest pain from the emergency departments (EDs) based on clinical assessment alone. Given the increasing use and consequently crowding of EDs worldwide and the large proportion of patients who present to the EDs with, however vague, signs and symptoms of acute coronary syndrome, there is a strong clinical and public health need to achieve a faster but safe rule-in and rule-out of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) to direct patients onto the correct management pathway. A number of approaches for a faster rule-in and rule-out of AMI are currently under research and evaluation and some have already been integrated into current guidelines and/or implemented into the clinical routine in selected centers. This article summarizes these different diagnostic strategies for patients with suspected AMI, using cardiac troponin alone or in combination with copeptin.
The City through the Eyes of Expressionism
Authors: Demčišák Ján
Published: November 2016

The process of industrialization and urban growth and the development of cities in the first three decades of the 20th century are inevitably related to rapid social changes. The new attitude to life, which corresponds to this process, affected the aesthetic perception and the work of artists as well. The study shows the sensitiveness of German expressionism to the dynamics, drive and chaos of the new city life. The expressionistic picture of the city is clearly ambivalent; it oscillates between fascination on the one hand and antipathy on the other. Expressionism also reflects the social alienation and the feeling of being lonely in a crowd as new phenomena of the 20th century.
Forcing variables in simulation of transpiration of water stressed plants determined by principal component analysis
Authors: Durigon Angelica , Lier Quirijn de Jong van , Metselaar Klaas
Published: November 2016

To date, measuring plant transpiration at canopy scale is laborious and its estimation by numerical modelling can be used to assess high time frequency data. When using the model by Jacobs (1994) to simulate transpiration of water stressed plants it needs to be reparametrized. We compare the importance of model variables affecting simulated transpiration of water stressed plants. A systematic literature review was performed to recover existing parameterizations to be tested in the model. Data from a field experiment with common bean under full and deficit irrigation were used to correlate estimations to forcing variables applying principal component analysis. New parameterizations resulted in a moderate reduction of prediction errors and in an increase in model performance. Agsmodel was sensitive to changes in the mesophyll conductance and leaf angle distribution parameterizations, allowing model improvement. Simulated transpiration could be separated in temporal components. Daily, afternoon depression and long-term components for the fully irrigated treatment were more related to atmospheric forcing variables (specific humidity deficit between stomata and air, relative air humidity and canopy temperature). Daily and afternoon depression components for the deficit-irrigated treatment were related to both atmospheric and soil dryness, and long-term component was related to soil dryness.
Comparing the potentials of clay and biochar in improving water retention and mechanical resilience of sandy soil
Authors: Ajayi Ayodele Ebenezer , Horn Rainer
Published: November 2016

Changing climate is threatening rainfall regularity particularly in the semi-arid and arid regions; therefore, strategies to conserve water within their coarse-grained soils and to improve water use efficiency of crops are critical. This study compared the effectiveness of biochar and two types of clay materials in augmenting water retention and improving mechanical resilience of fine sand. The amendment of fine sand with woodchip-biochar and kaolinite (non-swelling clay) and Na-bentonite (swelling clay) improved the water retention capacity and interparticle bonding of the substrate depending of the rate of amendment and water content of the substrates. Na-bentonite was more effective at increasing water retention capacity at more negative matric potentials. Biochar was more effective at saturation due to the increased porosity, while kaolinite responds similarly to biochar. It is, however, shown that most of the water retained by the Na-betonite may not be available to plants, particularly at high amendment rate. Furthermore, the clay and biochar materials improved particle bonding in the fine sand with the Na-bentonite being more effective than biochar and kaolinite (in that order) in strengthening interparticle bonds and improving the resilience of fine sand, if the rate of amendment is kept at ≤50 g kg-1.
Polysaccharide based edible coating on sapota fruit
Authors: Menezes Joslin , Athmaselvi K.A.
Published: November 2016

Sapota fruits are highly perishable and have short shelf life at the ambient conditions. The edible coatings have been used on different agricultural products in order to extend their post harvest life. In the present study, the polysaccharide based edible coating made up of sodium alginate and pectin (2%) was studied on the shelf life of sapota fruits. The coating of the fruits is done by dipping method with two dipping time (2 and 4 min). The both control and coated sapota fruits were stored at refrigerated temperature (4±1°C). The physico-chemical analysis including acidity, total soluble solids, ascorbic acid, pH, weight loss, colour and firmness were measured on 1, 8, 15, 23 and 30th day of storage. There was significant difference (p≤0.05) in these physico-chemical parameters between control and coated sapota fruits with 2 and 4 min dipping time. The sensory analysis of control and coated sapota fruits showed that, the polysaccharide coating with 2 minutes dipping time was effective in maintaining the organoleptic properties of the fruits.
Comparison of selected parameters of biomass and coal
Authors: Lalak Justyna , Martyniak Danuta , Kasprzycka Agnieszka , Żurek Grzegorz , Moroń Wojciech , Chmielewska Mariola , Wiącek Dariusz , Tys Jerzy
Published: November 2016

As a fuel, biomass differs in its properties from fossil fuels and acquisition thereof for energy purposes is limited; hence, the ongoing search for new bioenergetically useful plants. The article presents the results of physical and chemical analyses of seven species of perennial grasses: tall wheatgrass, tall wheatgrass ‘Bamar’, brome grass, tall fescue ecotype, reed canary grass, giant miscanthus, and sorghum. The research involved technical and elemental analysis as well as analysis of the ash composition performed in order to determine their potential use for combustion process. The measurement results were compared with those obtained for hard coal and agricultural biomass, which is widely used in the energy industry. The results suggest that perennial grasses can successfully be combusted with similar performance to coal if burned in appropriate combustion installations.
Heat shock increases oxidative stress to modulate growth and physico-chemical attributes in diverse maize cultivars
Authors: Hussain Iqbal , Ashraf Muhammad Arslan , Rasheed Rizwan , Iqbal Muhammad , Ibrahim Muhammad , Ashraf Shamila
Published: November 2016

The present investigation was conducted to appraise the physiochemical adjustments in contrasting maize cultivars, namely, PakAfgoi (tolerant) and EV-5098 (sensitive) subjected to heat shock. Seven-day-old seedlings were exposed to heat shock for different time intervals (1, 3, 6, 24, 48 and 72 h) and data for various physiochemical attributes determined to appraise time course changes in maize. After 72 h of heat shock, the plants were grown under normal conditions for 5 d and data for different growth attributes and photosynthetic pigments recorded. Exposure to heat shock reduced growth and photosynthetic pigments in maize cultivars. The plants exposed to heat shock for up to 3 h recovered growth and photosynthetic pigments when stress was relieved. A time course rise in the relative membrane permeability, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde contents was recorded particularly in the EV-5098 indicating that heat shock-induced oxidative stress. Activities of different enzymatic antioxidants greatly altered due to heat shock. For instance, an increase in superoxide dismutase activity was recorded in both maize cultivars. The activity of ascorbate peroxidase was greater in Pak-Afgoi. However, the peroxidase and catalase activities were higher in plants of EV-5098. Heat shock caused a significant rise in the proline and decline in the total free amino acids. Overall, the performance of Pak-Afgoi was better in terms of having lesser oxidative damage and greater cellular levels of proline. The results suggested that oxidative stress indicators (relative membrane permeability, H2O2 and malondialdehyde) and proline can be used as markers for heat shock tolerant plants.
The effect of caffeine on energy balance
Authors: Harpaz Eynav , Tamir Snait , Weinstein Ayelet , Weinstein Yitzhak
Published: November 2016

The global prevalence of obesity has increased considerably in the last two decades. Obesity is caused by an imbalance between energy intake (EI) and energy expenditure (EE), and thus negative energy balance is required to bring about weight loss, which can be achieved by either decreasing EI or increasing EE. Caffeine has been found to influence the energy balance by increasing EE and decreasing EI, therefore, it can potentially be useful as a body weight regulator. Caffeine improves weight maintenance through thermogenesis, fat oxidation, and EI. The sympathetic nervous system is involved in the regulation of energy balance and lipolysis (breakdown of lipids to glycerol and free fatty acids) and the sympathetic innervation of white adipose tissue may play an important role in the regulation of total body fat. This article reviews the current knowledge on the thermogenic properties of caffeine, and its effects on appetite and EI in relation to energy balance and body weight regulation.
Pneumoretroperitoneum after Attempted Epidural Anesthesia
Authors: Isakov Arkadi , Shtein Arnold , Kyzer Sholmo
Published: November 2016

Air may extend to the retroperitoneal space from retroperitoneal perforation of a hollow viscus, infection of the anterior pararenal space with gas-forming organisms and from pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum [1]. Rare pathologies, such as open reduction and internal fixation of femoral fractures and anaerobic abscess of the hip joint have also been described in relation to this complication [1,2]. A rare case of pneumoretroperitoneum caused by insufflation of air during an attempt to achieve epidural anesthesia is described.
Revisiting structure graphs: Applications to CBC-MAC and EMAC
Authors: Jha Ashwin , Nandi Mridul
Published: November 2016

In [
Assessment preferences and learning styles in ESP
Authors: Simonova Ivana
Published: November 2016

The article deals with the research on assessment preferences reflected in learning styles within English for Specific Purposes (ESP) instruction on the higher education level. The sample group consisted of 287 respondents of the Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic. The main objective of the research was to discover expected correlations between respondents’ learning styles and relating preferences in selected assessment formats. Two questionnaires were applied to reach the objective; however, the expectations did not prove. The discovered findings were discussed within the world context.
The intercultural component in an EFL course-book package
Authors: Sándorová Zuzana
Published: November 2016

Along with mastery of the grammar and vocabulary of a given language, contemporary students are also expected to acquire intercultural communicative competence (ICC), i.e., the ability to use the language efficiently with regard to the sociocultural background of the communicative situation. This requirement should also be reflected in FL course-books, which are considered to be fundamental didactic tools in FL education, even in an era of information communication technologies. Therefore, the aim of the present paper is to report the results of the research focused on the investigation of intercultural component in the New Opportunities Pre-Intermediate and Intermediate course-book packages.

To validate the findings of the content analysis, as the main research method, the method of triangulation was used, i.e., the results of the course-book package analyses were compared with those of observation and interview analyses. The findings of the research revealed that in the investigated course-book packages only some aspects of the intercultural component could be considered relevant because they were suitably treated.
The Role of Red Blood Cell Distribution Width for Predicting 1-year Mortality in Patients Admitted to the Emergency Department with Severe Dyspnoea
Authors: Turcato Gianni , Cervellin Gianfranco , Salvagno Gian Luca , Zaccaria Eleonora , Bartucci Giuseppe , David Marco , Bonora Antonio , Zannoni Massimo , Ricci Giorgio , Lippi Giuseppe
Published: November 2016

Background: Universally accepted and validated instruments for predicting the outcome of patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with severe dyspnoea do not exist so far, nor are they regularly used by the emergency physicians. This study hence aimed to establish whether red blood cell distribution width (RDW) may be a predictive parameter of 1-year mortality in a population of patients admitted to the ED with severe dyspnoea attributable to different underlying disorders.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated all the patients undergoing arterial blood gas analysis for severe dyspnoea (irrespective of the cause) during admission to ED of University Hospital of Verona from September 1, 2014 to November 31, 2014.

Results: The final study population consisted of 287 patients for whom complete clinical and laboratory information was available. Overall, 36 patients (12.5%) died after a 1-year follow-up. The RDW value was found to be considerably increased in patients who deceased during the follow-up compared to those who survived (17.2% versus 14.8%; p<0.001). In both univariate and multivariate analyses, the RDW value was found to be a significant predictor of 1-year mortality. In particular, patients with RDW ≥ 15.0% displayed a 72% increased risk of 1-year mortality after multiple adjustments.

Conclusions: The measurement of RDW, a very simple and inexpensive laboratory parameter, may represent an important factor for predicting medium-term mortality in patients presenting to the ED with severe dyspnoea.
Zum Agora-Pfeiler in Xanthos IV
Authors: Schürr Diether , Dönmez Aytac
Published: November 2016

The Inscribed Pillar had a temenos around it, and this temenos was, for the dynast who erected the pillar, a means to differentiate himself from other dynasts who are buried around the agora. This may be connected with heroising or apotheosising the dynast, or with some comparable non-Greek form of veneration. But because of the lack of evidence we cannot know what the original form of this temenos was. Surviving evidence shows that the temenos wall may have been torn down when the new agora was built, between 60 and 80 AD in the Roman Empire period, in order to make space for the northern stoa.
The Epistemological Import of Euclidean Diagrams (in a non-Euclidean world)
Authors: Molinini Daniele
Published: November 2016

In this paper I concentrate on Euclidean diagrams, namely on those diagrams that are licensed by the rules of Euclid’s plane geometry. I shall overview some philosophical stances that have recently been proposed in philosophy of mathematics to account for the role of such diagrams in mathematics, and more particularly in Euclid’s Elements. Furthermore, I shall provide an original analysis of the epistemic role that Euclidean diagrams may (and, indeed) have in empirical sciences, more specifically in physics. I shall claim that, although the world we live in is not Euclidean, Euclidean diagrams permit to obtain knowledge of the world through a specific mechanism of inference I shall call inheritance.
European territorial cohesion policies: Parallels to socialist central planning?
Authors: Malý Jiří , Mulíček Ondřej
Published: November 2016

Contemporary EU territorial cohesion policy presents some striking reminders of features of socialist central planning. The objective of socio-spatial solidarity aimed at balanced spatial development is a core principle of both spatial planning doctrines. Reviewing key planning documents, this article compares territorial cohesion discourses in terms of their normative and analytical natures in order to critically evaluate the uniqueness and novelty of the current modern concept. In spite of ideological contradictions, a commonly-shared realisation of the importance of urban agglomerations as specific integrated spatial units and the need to improve living conditions in disadvantaged areas, are crucial characteristics for both spatial planning policies. Moreover, analytical spatial planning procedures are based on similar methods and lead to nearly identical results concerning the spatial pattern for one specific case settlement system (the South Moravian Region, Czech Republic). In this respect, the currently-emphasised territorial cohesion discourse is familiar to that in former socialist areas in Central and Eastern Europe. Based on these findings, spatial planning authorities should learn from the past in reflecting on the limitations and advantages of spatial planning in the socialist era.
Crystal structure of 4-(3,4-dimethyl-phenyl)-2-methyl-5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester, C21H25NO3
Authors: Meng Jing , Dai Yifei , Sui Feng
Published: November 2016

C21H25NO3, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 7.336(4) Å, b = 10.825(4) Å, c = 12.322(3) Å, α = 70.940(18)°, β = 75.965(19)°, γ = 82.483(19)°, V = 895.8(6) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0736, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1827, T = 296 K.
Crystal structure of 2-dichloromethyl-2-p-nitrophenyl-1,3-dioxolane, C10H9Cl2NO4
Authors: Qi Bo-Shu , Sun Xiao-Nan , Yang Huan-Huan , Fu Ying , Ye Fei
Published: November 2016

C10H9Cl2NO4, orthorhombic, Pbca, a = 11.151(2) Å, b = 7.0923(14) Å, c = 29.243(6) Å, V = 2312.7(8) Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.0459, wRref(F2) = 0.1223, T = 293 K.
Sidonius Apollinaris and Horace,Ars poetica14–23
Authors: Pelttari Aaron
Published: November 2016

Sidonius knew and understood the beginning of Horace’s influentialArs poetica, the passage in which Horace pronounced in favour of artistic unity. Instead of following Horace’s advice, Sidonius opted for variety inPoem22 andLettersBook 9. Even though he ignored the advice, Sidonius at the end of both texts invoked Horace’s authority from theArs poetica. Sidonius even claimed to have written exactly as Horace said he should. A century before, Ausonius had translated Horace in a way that the source had specifically criticised. Both Sidonius and Ausonius engaged Horace’s authoritative text in order to negotiate their debt toward and place within Latin literature. Further study could describe the variety of ways in which late antique poets received and transformed their Classical inheritance.
Prolonged protein immobilization of biosensor by chemically cross-linked glutaraldehyde on mixed cellulose membrane
Authors: Shaimi Roswani , Low Siew Chun
Published: November 2016

Protein immobilization studies with high protein binding sensitivity are of primary concern for any bio-sensing applications. In the present study, glutaraldehyde (GA) was utilized to chemically cross-link with the cellulose compound in mixed cellulose (MC) membrane and the protein molecules. Optimal cross-linking process on membrane was determined statistically and corresponded responses of protein immobilization were described through a quadratic empirical model. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) micrographs and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) have demonstrated the successful deposition of GA on membranes. The optimum GA integration process condition was found at 3 wt% of GA on a single layer and 30 min of integration time, with protein binding predicted at 896.6 μg/cm3. The experimental validation was conducted at this optimum condition, and the result was found at 911.9 μg/cm3, with standard deviation of 1.6%. This small error confirms the adequacy of the empirical model and its ability to predict the GA-protein immobilization performances.
Congratulations in Latin Comedy: Types and functions
Authors: Unceta Gómez Luis
Published: November 2016

This paper contributes to the study of linguistic politeness in the Latin language, through the analysis of the speech act of congratulation. Taking the comedies of Plautus (
Physicochemical properties and radiolytic degradation studies on tri-iso-amyl phosphate (TiAP)
Authors: Sreenivasulu B. , Suresh A. , Rajeswari S. , Ramanathan N. , Antony M. P. , Sivaraman Nagarajan , Joseph M.
Published: November 2016

The solvent composed of tri-iso-amyl phosphate (TiAP) in n-dodecane (n-DD) is regarded as a promising candidate for reprocessing of spent fuel. In this context, the radiolytic degradation of a solution of TiAP in n-dodecane was investigated by irradiating the solvent to various absorbed dose levels of γ-radiation. The neat extractant or a solution of extractant in n-dodecane was irradiated in the presence of nitric acid. Physicochemical properties such as density, viscosity and interfacial tension (IFT) were measured for unirradiated and irradiated solutions. The extent of degradation was determined by measuring the variation in extraction behavior of U(VI) and Pu(IV) with irradiated solvent systems. Uranium and plutonium retention with irradiated solvents was also measured. The distribution ratio of uranium and plutonium increased with increase in absorbed dose. Effect of alpha degradation was studied by plutonium retention as a function of time using 1.1 M TiAP/n-DD. Laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric technique was employed to identify the possible radiolytic degradation products. Similar studies were also carried out with tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) based solvent system under identical experimental conditions and the results are compared.
“Visual Hook” for the removal of nasal foreign body – Case report
Authors: Nath Sabari
Published: November 2016

We present a case of paediatric nasal foreign body removal using a flexible nasopharyngolaryngoscope, which is used both as an endoscope for visualization and as a hook for the rapid and complete removal of the nasal foreign body (“Visual Hook“).
The simulation of the warpage rule of the thin-walled part of polypropylene composite based on the coupling effect of mold deformation and injection molding process
Authors: Zhang Jixiang , Yin Xiaoyi , Liu Fengzhi , Yang Pan
Published: November 2016

Aiming at the problem that a thin-walled plastic part easily produces warpage, an orthogonal experimental method was used for multiparameter coupling analysis, with mold structure parameters and injection molding process parameters considered synthetically. The plastic part deformation under different experiment schemes was comparatively studied, and the key factors affecting the plastic part warpage were analyzed. Then the injection molding process was optimized. The results showed that the important order of the influence factors for the plastic part warpage was packing pressure, packing time, cooling plan, mold temperature, and melt temperature. Among them, packing pressure was the most significant factor. The optimal injection molding process schemes reducing the plastic part warpage were melt temperature (260°C), mold temperature (60°C), packing pressure (150 MPa), packing time (2 s), and cooling plan 3. In this situation, the forming plate flatness was better.
Review of the mechanical performance of variable stiffness design fiber-reinforced composites
Authors: Xin Zhibo , Duan Yugang , Xu Wu , Zhang Tianyu , Wang Ben
Published: November 2016

Variable stiffness design (VSD) has been paid more attention for its capability of further exploiting the potential of fiber-reinforced composite in composite structure design. VSD under different mechanical property indexes is reviewed in this paper. The review mostly focuses on strength, buckling, frequency, and other more common mechanical indices. Subsequently, the usage of VSD method for several years is briefly summarized. Some successful tests about variable stiffness composite parts are introduced and the experiment results are also addressed. The article summarizes the research situation from both perspectives based on a number of papers about the VSD of composite materials in recent years and provides theoretical reference and basic knowledge to new researchers.
The Robin, Erithacus Rubecula (Passeriformes, Turdidae), As a Component of Autotrophic Consortia of Forest Cenoses, Northeast Ukraine
Authors: Chaplygina A. B. , Yuzyk D. I. , Savynska N. O.
Published: November 2016

The role of the robin, Erithacus rubecula Linnaeus, 1758 as a consort of autotrophic consortia is considered. It has been found that representatives of 9 higher taxa of animals (Mammalia, Aves, Gastropoda, Insecta, Arachnida, Acarina, Malacostraca, Diplopoda, Clitellata) have trophic and topical links with the robin. At the same time, the robin is a consort of determinants of autotrophic consortia, which core is represented mostly by dominating species of deciduous trees (Quercus robur Linnaeus, 1753 (24.6 %), Tilia cordata Miller, 1768 (17.5 %), Acer platanoides Linnaeus, 1753 (22.8 %), Acer campestre Linnaeus, 1753), and also by sedges (Carex sp.) and grasses (Poaceae). The robin also belongs to the concentre of the second and higher orders as a component of forest biogeocenoses and forms a complex trophic system. In the diet of its nestlings, there have been found 717 objects from 32 invertebrate taxa, belonging to the phylums Arthropoda (99.2 %, 31 species) and Annelida (0.8 %, 1 species). The phylum Arthropoda was represented by the most numerous class Insecta (76.9 %), in which 10 orders (Lepidoptera (46.8 %) dominates) and 20 families were recorded, and also by the classes Arachnida (15.0 %), Malacostraca (5.3 %) and Diplopoda (1.9 %). The invertebrate species composition was dominated by representatives of a trophic group of zoophages (14 species; 43.8 %); the portion of phytophages (7 species; 21.9 %), saprophages (18.7 %), and necrophages (15.6 %) was the less. The highest number of food items was represented by phytophages (N = 717; 51 %), followed by zoophages (34 %), saprophages (12 %), and necrophages (3 %). The difference among study areas according to the number of food items and the number of species in the robin nestling diet is shown. In NNP “HF”, the highest number of food items was represented by phytophages - 47 % (N = 443), whereas zoophages were the most species-rich group (43.3 %, 13 species). In NNP “H”, phytophages also prevailed in food items - 62.3 % (N = 164), but the number of phyto-, zoo- and saprophage species was equal (30.8 %, 13 species). In the forest park, zoophages were more frequent - 45.5 % (N = 110), but phytophages were the most species-rich (42.9 %).
First Record of Dicheilonema Ciconiae (Nematoda, Diplotriaenoidea) From Ciconia Nigra (Aves, Ciconiidae) in Ukraine
Authors: Syrota Ya. Yu. , Kuzmin Yu. I. , Lyaskivskiy V. N. , Kobylinsky V. V. , Vasylkivska I. B.
Published: November 2016

Five specimens of a parasitic nematode Dicheilonema ciconiae (Schrank, 1788) were collected from black stork, Ciconia nigra Linnaeus, in Kyiv Zoological Park. Identification of the nematodes was confirmed by morphological examination of the specimens collected. The ornamentation of the body cuticle in caudal region of males (area rugosa) is first described in D. ciconiae.
Ecological Modernisation Revisited. In Norway
Authors: Osland Oddgeir
Published: November 2016

The international debate on ecological modernisation goes into the core problem in climate policies: (how) can we combine the economic growth that is part and parcel of the market economy and reduce climate gas emissions by technological innovations? This article enters this debate by distinguishing between (i) ecological modernisation as a theory for political change, i.e. a policy strategy, (ii) ecological modernisation as an ambitious general social theory addressing the relation between core societal institutions such as the democracy, the state and the market, and (iii) political science analyses of this policy strategy. Such analyses can examine the results and therefore the validity of the policy strategy as well as contribute to ecological modernisation as a social theory by setting the state and political autonomy at the centre of the analyses. This article aims to give such a contribution by focussing on a limited but important area, the transport sector and more specific passenger transport. The empirical analysis shows that in climate policies in general and in relation to the transport sector in particular, the state has taken a role as a knowledge producing, calculative state, integrating climate consequences in decision-making processes and using pricing/taxes and technical demands as key instruments to reduce climate emissions. In aviation deregulation and competition have led to better services and lower prices, and concomitantly to an increased demand, with strong increase in aviation travels. Reduced emissions per passenger kilometre in car travel have been outweighed by increased transport volume.
Development and application of novel NMR methodologies for the in situ characterization of crystallization processes of metastable crystalline materials
Authors: van Wüllen Leo , Schiffmann Jan Gerrit , Kopp Jakob , Liu Zhongqing , Kirchhain Holger , Düvel Andre , Heitjans Paul
Published: November 2016

In this contribution we report on the development and application of modern NMR approaches for the in situ characterization of the crystallization of metastable materials. The work was performed within the framework of the DFG priority programme SPP 1415 “Crystalline Non-Equilibrium Phases”. As one of the goals of this project, the development of a NMR methodology which enables an analysis of local structural motifs on short (1–2 Å) and extended (2–6 Å) length scales without the need for fast magic angle spinning (MAS) has been defined, since the enormous centripetal forces which occur during fast sample rotation (up to 107 g) may intervene with the chemical or physical process which is being monitored. To achieve this goal, we developed a magic angle turning probe and pulse sequences allowing to trace the isotropic chemical shifts and heteronuclear dipolar couplings and hence the determination of structural motifs on short and intermediate length scales. With the implementation of novel inductive heating approaches the range of accessible rotation frequencies for in situ high temperature NMR measurements has been enlarged, now covering the ν
MAS range of 0–10 kHz with an accessible temperature of up to 700°C. Application of NMR methodologies for the characterization of crystallization processes and the structure and dynamics of novel phases, partially in joint collaborations within the priority program, are also reported.
Abdominal Crunches Are/Are Not a Safe and Effective Exercise
Authors: Schoenfeld Brad J. , Kolber Morey J.
Published: November 2016

THE ABDOMINAL CRUNCH IS A WELL-KNOWN EXERCISE PERFORMED BY GENERAL AND ATHLETIC POPULATIONS FOR THE PURPORTED BENEFITS OF IMPROVING FITNESS ATTRIBUTES, SPORT PERFORMANCE, AND CORE MUSCLE FUNCTION. DESPITE THE BENEFITS, PARTICIPATION MAY INCREASE ONE'S RISK FOR LOW BACK PAIN. WHILE A CLEAR VERDICT ON THE RISK-TO-BENEFIT RATIO REMAINS ELUSIVE, A DISCUSSION OF THE AVAILABLE SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE (OR LACK THEREOF) SHOULD GIVE PRACTITIONERS THE ABILITY TO DETERMINE THE UTILITY OF THIS EXERCISE FOR THEIR CIRCUMSTANCE. WE WANT TO HEAR FROM YOU. VISIT NSCA-SCJ.COM TO WEIGH IN ON THE POINT/COUNTERPOINT QUICK POLL.
Síndrome de embolismo graso con predominio de síntomas neurológicos. [Fat embolism syndrome with predominance of neurological symptoms].
Authors: Rangel Rivera Diego Alejandro , Fuentes Abreu Stiven , Guerrero Caballero Julian , Rodríguez Durán Juan Carlos
Published: November 2016

El síndrome de embolismo graso se refiere a un conjunto de signos y síntomas que se presentan de manera secundaria a la liberación de lípidos dentro de la circulación sanguínea. Este se presenta en alrededor del 1% de los pacientes con fracturas de fémur. La tríada clásica de este síndrome incluye dificultad respiratoria con hipoxemia, alteración neurológica y rash petequial. A pesar de las descripciones aisladas donde se documenta mejoría de los síntomas posterior a la administración de corticoesteroides, no existe clara evidencia de la utilidad de estos medicamentos por lo que el manejo actual es de soporte cardiovascular y respiratorio. Se presenta el caso de un paciente adulto jóven con síndrome de embolismo graso con manifestaciones respiratorias mínimas posterior a fractura traumática de fémur. 
Infusion Medication Error Reduction by Two-Person Verification: A Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: Subramanyam Rajeev , Mahmoud Mohamed , Buck David , Varughese Anna
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE:

Errors made in the administration of intravenous medication can lead to catastrophic harm. The frequency of hospital settings in which medication pumps are being used are increasing. We sought to improve medication safety by implementing a 2-person verification system before medication administration.

METHODS:

Our quality improvement initiative took place in an anesthesia radiology imaging service at a tertiary pediatric hospital. Key drivers included frequent educational meetings with clinicians, written reminders, display of visual reminders, constant feedback in the clinical areas that carried out the processes, and sharing of knowledge on displayed run charts. A multidisciplinary team conducted a series of tests of changes to address the interventions. Data were collected and entered into a database by an independent and impartial data collector. Data were analyzed via run charts and statistical process control methods.

RESULTS:

The team ran 24 plan–do–study–act ramps. The rate of 2-person verification of infusion pump programming increased from 0% to 90% and was sustained. Overall, 4 errors were rectified before the medication was administered to the patient. There was no delay in case starts (>90% before and during the project). This project played a key role, as part of a larger initiative within the department of anesthesia, in reducing medication errors.

CONCLUSIONS:

A brief 2-person verification approach can reduce medication errors due to inaccurate infusion pump programming. This improvement was achieved with the use of plan–do–study–act cycles. The impact can be significant and will promote a hospital safety culture.
Ct 5,9-10: meu amado é claro e corado, mais distinto do que dez mil
Authors: Da Silva Susana Aparecida
Published: November 2016

Como resposta da locução da amada, as filhas de Jerusalém (v. 8) dirigem uma pergunta à amada acerca das razões pelas quais esta está tão aflita à procura do seu amado. É justamente nesse ponto que se inicia a segunda parte do poema (vv. 9-16), objeto do presente estudo. As amigas iniciam seu inquérito à amada com duas perguntas retóricas dirigidas a quem chamam de “mais bela das mulheres” (v. 9d). A pergunta serve como abertura de uma unidade literária. Essa pergunta introduz a descrição que a amada faz acerca da beleza do amado (5,10-16). No v. 10b, há o relato por parte da amada a respeito da figura do amado que se assemelha ao rei de forma inconfundível no meio de uma multidão e parece unir as qualidades dos reis de Israel.
Targeted exome sequencing for the identification of a protective variant against Internet gaming disorder at rs2229910 of neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor, type 3 (NTRK3): A pilot study
Authors: Kim Jeong-Yu , Jeong Jo-Eun , Rhee Je-Keun , Cho Hyun , Chun Ji-Won , Kim Tae-Min , Choi Sam-Wook , Choi Jung-Seok , Kim Dai-Jin
Published: November 2016

Background and aims

Internet gaming disorder (IGD) has gained recognition as a potential new diagnosis in the fifth revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, but genetic evidence supporting this disorder remains scarce.

Methods

In this study, targeted exome sequencing was conducted in 30 IGD patients and 30 control subjects with a focus on genes linked to various neurotransmitters associated with substance and non-substance addictions, depression, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Results

rs2229910 of neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor, type 3 (NTRK3) was the only single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that exhibited a significantly different minor allele frequency in IGD subjects compared to controls (p = .01932), suggesting that this SNP has a protective effect against IGD (odds ratio = 0.1541). The presence of this potentially protective allele was also associated with less time spent on Internet gaming and lower scores on the Young’s Internet Addiction Test and Korean Internet Addiction Proneness Scale for Adults.

Conclusions

The results of this first targeted exome sequencing study of IGD subjects indicate that rs2229910 of NTRK3 is a genetic variant that is significantly related to IGD. These findings may have significant implications for future research investigating the genetics of IGD and other behavioral addictions.
Kitosan Oligosakarida: Produksi dan Potensinya sebagai Antibakteri
Authors: Dewi Ariyanti Suhita , Fawzya Yusro Nuri
Published: November 2016

Kitosan