bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creating Incentives to Move Upstream: Developing a Diversified Portfolio of Population Health Measures Within Payment and Health Care Reform
Authors: Auerbach John
Published: January 2015

I examined the feasibility of developing a balanced portfolio of population health measures that would be useful within the current deliberations about health care and payment reform.

My commentary acknowledges that an obstacle to the selection of population health metrics is the differing definitions of population health. Rather than choosing between these definitions, I identified five categories of indicators, ranging from traditional clinical care prevention interventions to those that measure investment in community-level nonclinical services, that in various combinations might yield the most promising results.

I offer concrete examples of markers in each of the categories and show that there is a growing number of individuals eager to receive concrete recommendations and implement population health pilot programs.
Adapting the Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) Model of Police–Mental Health Collaboration in a Low-Income, Post-Conflict Country: Curriculum Development in Liberia, West Africa
Authors: Kohrt Brandon A. , Blasingame Elise , Compton Michael T. , Dakana Samuel F. , Dossen Benedict , Lang Frank , Strode Patricia , Cooper Janice
Published: January 2015

Objectives. We sought to develop a curriculum and collaboration model for law enforcement and mental health services in Liberia, West Africa.

Methods. In 2013 we conducted key informant interviews with law enforcement officers, mental health clinicians, and mental health service users in Liberia, and facilitated a 3-day curriculum workshop.

Results. Mental health service users reported prior violent interactions with officers. Officers and clinicians identified incarceration and lack of treatment of mental health service users as key problems, and they jointly drafted a curriculum based upon the Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) model adapted for Liberia. Officers’ mental health knowledge improved from 64% to 82% on workshop assessments (t = 5.52; P < .01). Clinicians’ attitudes improved (t = 2.42; P = .03). Six months after the workshop, 69% of clinicians reported improved engagement with law enforcement. Since the Ebola outbreak, law enforcement and clinicians have collaboratively addressed diverse public health needs.

Conclusions. Collaborations between law enforcement and mental health clinicians can benefit multiple areas of public health, as demonstrated by partnerships to improve responses during the Ebola epidemic. Future research should evaluate training implementation and outcomes including stigma reduction, referrals, and use of force.
Forms and factors of peer violence and victimisation
Authors: Dinic Bojana , Sokolovska Valentina , Milovanovic Ilija , Oljaca Milan
Published: January 2015

The main aim of this study was to explore the latent structure of violence
and victimisation based on the factor analysis of the Peer Violence and
Victimisation Questionnaire (PVVQ), as well as to examine the correlates of
violence and victimisation. The sample included 649 secondary school students
(61.8% male) from the urban area. Besides the PVVQ, the Aggressiveness
questionnaire AVDH was administered. Based on parallel analysis, three
factors were extracted in the violence domain, as well as in the
victimisation domain of the PVVQ. The factors were interpreted as a physical,
verbal and relational form of violence and victimisation, which is in line
with common classifications. The correlations of those forms with the
aggressiveness dimensions were positive. The relationships with gender,
school grade and school achievement referred to the importance of interaction
effects between the mentioned characteristics of students and the tendency
towards violence or being exposed to it. The main result is that boys from
lower school grades and students with lower school achievement in general,
are more prone to manifesting physical violence and more often are the target
of physical violence. These groups of students are the target groups for
preventive programs. The resulting effects indicated the complexity of the
violence phenomenon and pointed to the need to consider the wider context of
student?s characteristics in the determination of violence.
Drivers’ Smart Assistance System Based on Radio Frequency Identification
Authors: Qiao Fengxiang , Jia Jing , Yu Lei , Li Qing , Zhai Dong
Published: January 2015

A work zone is an area of roadway with construction, maintenance, or utility work activities. According to NHTSA, many traffic accidents and fatalities happen in work zones. Many traditional safety countermeasures have been utilized in work zones, including installing special signs and barriers and posting suitable speed limits. However, these measures have not fully solved the problem. Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a powerful, globally accepted technology that has had great success in business management for decades and can be employed as an advisory device that communicates between vehicles and infrastructure in work zones. The purpose of this study was to develop an RFID-based driver smart assistance system (DSAS) to improve traffic safety and air quality in work zones. The RFID device enabled communication between the vehicle and the roadside on a real-time basis and was supplemented with GPS and other sensors for dynamic traffic management. Such an assistance system would provide suitable verbal and visual warning messages to drivers approaching a work zone. Road tests with the DSAS were conducted in Houston, Texas, with 20 drivers, and the system's impact on vehicle speeds, safety, and vehicle emissions was examined. Statistical results from the tests showed that the DSAS helped drivers take action earlier to decelerate and reduce speeds. All test subjects evaluated the system as satisfactory. This system can also help to reduce most types of vehicle emissions. Further testing and improving of this promising system is recommended in broader fields.
Lane Bias Issues in Work Zone Travel Time Measurement and Reporting
Authors: Colberg Kathryn , Suh Wonho , Anderson James , Zinner Stephanie , Guin Angshuman , Hunter Michael , Guensler Randall
Published: January 2015

Work zones are a major source of nonrecurrent congestion. Because travel time is harder to predict in nonrecurrent congestion, accurately measured real-time information on travel time in and around work zones is a critical component of traveler information systems. State departments of transportation have been seeking to provide more accurate travel time information in and around work zones. This study investigated the accuracy of technologies for the collection of work zone travel time data and identified bias in resulting travel times by comparing the data with manually collected travel times. Two technologies that provided direct measurement of travel times, Bluetooth and automatic license plate recognition, were selected for evaluation. The two systems were deployed in metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia, and the travel time data from both were compared with travel time data collected via manual license plate matching from observational data. Although the selected technologies reported reasonably accurate travel time data in free-flow conditions, their travel times were found to be significantly biased toward the slower travel times or the nearest lanes during congested traffic conditions. This paper discusses the issue of bias and presents recommendations for future implementations.
Human Factors Issues of Accidents at Passively Controlled Rural Level Crossings
Authors: Rudin-Brown Christina M. , George Marilyn French-St. , Stuart Jonathan J.
Published: January 2015

Collisions between road vehicles and trains at passively controlled level crossings, where no indication is given to drivers of the presence (or absence) of an approaching train, raise important human factors safety concerns. A database search of Canadian level crossing crash data for the 10-year period between 2003 and 2012 and a targeted review of the scientific research literature were conducted to explore the human factors and related risks involved in crashes of this nature. Accidents at passively controlled, rural level crossings where the driver of the road vehicle did not stop constituted 15% of all level crossing crashes. Statistical analysis revealed that this type of accident was most likely to occur in prairie provinces, during daylight hours, and to involve a disproportionate number of heavy vehicles. Nine human factors issues were identified. Four affected driver detection of an approaching train, including sightlines, train conspicuity, unchanging retinal image, and train horn audibility. Five issues related to driver decision making, including looked-but-failed-to-see errors, faulty activation of schema–mental model, distraction, impairment, and information processing. These issues were overlaid across four previously proposed driver approach zones at passive level crossings. Analysis of countermeasures designed for application within the approach zone, which began at the decision sight distance point, revealed several potential countermeasures, including the observation that current minimum sightline guidelines for passive level crossings might not have been adequate to ensure that drivers have sufficient time to assess the threat posed by an approaching train from both directions and to respond appropriately.
Dual Microwave Radar Vehicle Detection System at Four-Quadrant-Gate Railroad Grade Crossing
Authors: Medina Juan C. , Benekohal Rahim (Ray) F.
Published: January 2015

This paper presents the results of a study of the detection performance of a dual microwave radar vehicle detection system installed at a railroad grade crossing with four-quadrant gates. The system included two identical microwave radar units located at opposing quadrants of the crossing. Each unit covered approximately the same detection area. The objective of the dual radar installation was to increase system reliability by providing redundancy in detection. The performance of each radar unit alone and of the two units combined was assessed in terms of false calls, missed calls, stuck-on calls, and dropped calls. The system was first evaluated on the basis of the initial setup recommended by the distributor as the best. Those results were used to modify the system, which was evaluated again in its new configuration. Twelve days of data on more than 40,000 vehicles and more than 1,300 trains were analyzed. The most frequent type of error in the initial setup was false calls (0.54%), which were generated mostly by bicycles and pedestrians in the crossing. False calls increased to 0.96% in the modified setup, mostly as a result of activations generated when the gates were moving. Individual radar outputs showed a total of 27 missed calls in the initial setup (0.07%) and 34 missed calls in the modified setup (0.09%). However, the number of missed calls dropped to zero when the outputs from the two radar units were combined, a result that illustrated the benefits of using dual units.
Effects of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) - Gobhi sarson (Brassica napus L.) cropping system in sub-tropical region under foothills of north-west Himalayas
Authors: Gupta Vikas , Sharma Anil , Kumar Jai , Abrol Vikas , Singh Brinder , Singh Mahender
Published: January 2015

A pronounced residual effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers, applied in maize crop was observed on yields of maize-gobhi sarson cropping system. The experiment was conducted with 10 treatments of N, P, K, FYM, crop residue and zinc sulphate nutrients. The highest growth, yield and yield components of maize crop were recorded with 100% recommended fertilizer dose-RFD + ZnSO4 20 kg/ha and the grain yield (2409 kg/ha) was about 101% higher over the control. In case of gobhi sarson, the highest seed yield (1081 kg/ha) was observed as a pronounced residual effect of 10 t/ha FYM in preceding maize crop; which was about 81% higher over the control. The treatments where 50% N was substituted by FYM and crop residue in maize crop had the best reflection in enhancing the seed yield of gobhi sarson to the tune of 74 and 70% over the control and 16 and 13% over farmers practice. The highest rain water use efficiency (RWUE) and heatuse efficiency (HUE) was recorded in treatment 100% RFD + ZnSO4 20 kg/ha in maize crop and 10 t/ha FYM in gobhi sarson. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i2.21666 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(2): 147-155, 2014 (September)
Achene characteristics of Turkish Centaurea (Asteraceae) and their systematic application
Authors: Bona Mehmet
Published: January 2015

This article investigates the exomorphic characteristics of the achenes which are achene size, color, and surface pattern, and pappus length, and colour. All these characteristics in seven taxa of Asteraceae namely, C. aggregata Fisch. & C.A. Mey. ex DC. subsp. aggregata, C. sivasica Wagenitz, C. polypodiifolia Boiss. var. polypodiifolia, C. polypodiifolia Boiss. var. szowitziana (Boiss.) Wagenitz, C. iberica Trev. ex Spreng, C. urvillei DC. subsp. stepposa Wagenitz, and C. carduiformis DC. subsp. carduiformis var. carduiformis in are described, illustrated and compared. The results of SEM at higher magnification showed three types of achene surface patterns: glebulate-ruminate, smooth, and rugose. In these patterns, there were diagnostic characteristics and differences at the specific level for Centaurea. A key to the taxa has been provided on the basis of these achene characteristics. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i2.21668 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(2): 163-168, 2014 (September)
Response of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) varieties to sowing dates and NP fertilizers under western dry zone of India
Authors: Meena RS , Yadav RS , Meena VS
Published: January 2015

An experiment was conducted during Kharif seasons of 2009 and 2010 on groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under western dry zone of India following a split-plot design with four dates of sowing (April 20, May 15, June 9 and July 4) and two varieties (HNG 10 and TG 37A) in main- plot and four fertility levels (0, 20 N : 40 P2O5, 30 N : 60 P2O5 and 40 N : 80 P2O5 kg /ha) in sub-plot. Yield component of semispreading variety HNG 10 i.e. pods/plant, number of kernel/pod, seed index, shelling percentage and yields i.e. pod, kernel, haulm and biological yield were statistically at par with each other from April 20 to June 9 sowing and minimum yield was observed in July 4 sowing, while days to maturity reduced significantly with delay sowing. Variety TG 37A sown at July 4 had significantly higher yield attributes and yields than earlier sowing. Harvest index in both the varieties was observed significantly higher in July 4 sowing. Significantly higher yield components and yields were recorded in 30 kg N-60 kg P2O5/ha which was statistically at par with 40 kg N-80 kg P2O5/ha. On the basis of economics, June 9 sowing variety HNG 10 of groundnut recorded significantly higher net return. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i2.21669 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(2): 169-173, 2014 (September)
Effects of granular and liquid fertilizers on phytoplankton under experimental pond condition
Authors: Tizkar B , Seidavi AR , Sudagar M , Palafox JT Ponce
Published: January 2015

Under the experimental pond condition, three treatments of fertilizers on phytoplankton were carried out. The first treatment was with granular fertilizers (GF), and the second and third treatments were with liquid fertilizer A (LFA), low concentration and liquid fertilizer B (LFB), high concentration, respectively. The mean pH and the average transparency of the water varied significantly among different treatments (p < 0.05). Gross and net productivity in the LFB-treated ponds were higher than those observed in the two other treatments (p < 0.05). In addition, the bacillariophytes did not change significantly among treatments (p < 0.05). However, the chlorophytes increased in the LFB treatment, and the cyanophytes were increased in the GF treatment (p < 0.05). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i2.21670 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(2): 175-181, 2014 (September)
Effects of potassium humate and chemical fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Kumar Dileep , Singh AP , Raha P , Singh CM
Published: January 2015

A pot experiment was conducted in Kharif 2009 and 2010 to study the effect of potassium humate and chemical fertilizers on growth and yield attributes of rice (Oryza sativa L). Potassium humate was applied at the rate of 0, 5 and 10 mg/kg soil along with 100 and 75% recommended dose of fertilizers NPK (60, 30, 30 mg/kg) and 12.5 mg/kg zinc sulphate was also applied. Addition of 10 mg/kg PH along with 100% NPK fertilizers and 12.5 mg/kg zinc sulphate caused significant increase in plant height, number of tillers, panicle height, panicle length, test weight, straw yield and yield of rice as compared to 100 and 75% NPK alone. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i2.21671 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(2): 183-189, 2014 (September)
The breeding system and reproductive ecology of the endangered plant Fagopyrum dibotrys (D. Don) Hara
Authors: Chen Ming-Lin , You Ya-Li , Wen Hui-Hui , Li Ying
Published: January 2015

Distyly has been confirmed in Fagopyrum dibotrys (D. Don) Hara. The species are dimorphic in style length, anther height, pollen size and number but not in flower diameter, pollen surface ornamentation and stigma papilla cells. In F. dibotrys populations, style-morph ratios vary from isoplethy (1L : 1S) to strongly L-biased, or they more often contain only the L-morph. Moreover, it was found that larger isoplethic populations of F. dibotrys could produce more seeds than smaller single-morph populations. F. dibotrys had a smaller population size, morph-biased populations, and lower seed setting, which could be the reasons for the decrease in its population DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i2.21673 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(2): 197-205, 2014 (September)
Bacterial diversity in some selected agricultural food products
Authors: Ali Amna , Haider Muhammad Saleem , Hanif Sana , Ashfaq Muhammad
Published: January 2015

A total of 27 bacterial strains were isolated from apple, potato, turnip, onion, cucumber, zinger, lemon, spinach, radish and mint marketted in Labore, Pakistan. Highest frequency of occurrence (4%) was recorded for each of Enterobacter aggglomerans, Ensifer adhaerens and Bordetella pertussis, Brassica rapa and Kurthia gibsonii showed 30% frequency of occurrence. Frequency of all other bacterial strain ranged from 10 - 20%. Highest number (7) of bacterial speices were recorded from lemon and potato while the minimum number (4) was represented by each of apple, onion, ginger, spinach and radish. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i2.21676 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(2): 219-222, 2014 (September)
Seasonal variation of carbohydrate content in stem and leaves of almond (Prunus amygdalus L.)
Authors: Sivaci Aysel , Duman Sevcan
Published: January 2015

Seasonal change of total carbohydrate contents in samples taken from leaves and stems of almond varieties was investigated. Carbohydrate contents in the leaves and stem of all varieties showed seasonal differences. The highest carbohydrate content in the leaves and stem of all varieties was found in April, and January, respectively. The lowest carbohydrate content in the leaves of Nonpareil was found in July, that of Ferragnes and Texas in October. The lowest level of carbohydrate content in the stem of all varieties was found in July. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i2.21677 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(2): 223-225, 2014 (September)
Rediscovery of Impatiens munnarensis Barnes: A strict endemic balsam of Southern-Western Ghats
Authors: Ramasubbu R , Pandurangan AG
Published: January 2015

An endemic wild balsam, Impatiens munnarensis Barnes restricted to Idukki district of Kerala, India has been rediscovered from a new locality Megamalai hills, Tamil Nadu, India after 78 years. The detailed description of the taxa is provided in the presented paper. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i2.21678 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(2): 227-229, 2014 (September)
Potassium solubilization by bacterial strain in waste mica
Authors: Meena VS , Maurya BR , Bahadur Indra
Published: January 2015

The release of K from waste mica (muscovite and biotite) was tested with 4 K-solubilizing isolates collected from maize rhizosphere, for 7, 14 and 21 days of incubation at 28 ± 2°C. K-solubilization by different bacterial isolates showed significant change on muscovite and biotite powder supplemented plates and the amount of K released varied from 1.28 - 46.75 ?g/ml. The soluble K contents in all isolated treatments were significantly higher than control. Herein, isolate KSB2 had higher K-solubilization ability when compared with other isolates (KSB1, KSB3 and KSB4) in vitro DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i2.21680 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(2): 235-237, 2014 (September)
Fungi on indoor walls and their management by fungicides
Authors: Shamsi S , Bashar MA , Aziz A
Published: January 2015

Fungal colonies were found growing as patches round the year on the distempered indoor damp walls of ground floor of the Department of Botany, University of Dhaka. Fungi were isolated and identified as Cladosporium oxysporum Berk & Curt., Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijn and species of Fusarium and Penicillium. Fungicides namely, bendazin 50% WP, calixin, champion 75 WP, companion, mancozeb and provex were sprayed on the indoor damp walls to control the fungal growth. All the fungicides controlled the growth of all fungi except C. oxysporum at 500 ppm concentration which was controlled by 1000 ppm. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i2.21681 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(2): 239-242, 2014 (September)
A ‘Somewhat Homely’ Stardom: Michael Denison, Dulcie Gray and Refurnishing Domestic Modernity in the Postwar Years
Authors: Price Hollie
Published: January 2015

The husband and wife acting duo, Michael Denison and Dulcie Gray, achieved popular acclaim in British cinema during the 1940s, Gray in They Were Sisters (1945) and Denison in My Brother Jonathan (1948). Following the success of My Brother Jonathan (in which Gray also appeared), the couple's star status was soon cemented by roles together on screen, including notably The Glass Mountain (1949), The Franchise Affair (1951), Angels One Five (1952) and There Was a Young Lady (1953). As a result of these roles in popular films and images of the couple in extra-cinematic culture, a picture of cosy, domestic consensus became irrevocably associated with Denison and Gray's status as British film stars, much to Denison's later chagrin.

Rachael Low's History of the British Film suggests that British actors and actresses have not been deemed worthy of the glamorous connotations of star status because they are ‘somewhat homely in comparison with legendary international figures’ (1971: 263). In this period, the Denisons’ star image was characterised by the ‘homely’: by a vision of their domestic life together as at once aspirational, ordinary and English. However, this article argues that their stardom can be resituated as a postwar reformulation of modes linking British stars with ideas surrounding domestic modernity in the middlebrow culture of the interwar years. Therefore, Low's label of homeliness can be redefined as a key characteristic of the distinction, promotion and reception of popular British stardom in the immediate postwar period.
‘Steely Velvet’: The Voice of James Mason
Authors: Garvey Adrian
Published: January 2015

This article argues that, although the subject of film sound is a developing field of interest in film studies, the voice, despite its centrality to issues of performance and stardom, remains an under-examined subject within the discipline. It considers some existing work on the topic and proposed methodologies for the analysis of voice and performance. The work of James Mason is used as a case study, offering an overview of his career and a discussion of the changes in his star persona and performance style as he moved from star to character actor. Consideration is given to the ways in which Mason's distinctive voice became the defining aspect of his star persona and a subject for impersonation. Critical responses to his vocal style throughout his career are examined and sequences from three Mason films, The Pumpkin Eater (1964), Fanny by Gaslight (1944) and The Upturned Glass (1947) are analysed in order to explore Mason's use of voice and gesture in detail.
ELISPOTs Produced by CD8 and CD4 Cells Follow Log Normal Size Distribution Permitting Objective Counting
Authors: Karulin Alexey , Karacsony Kinga , Zhang Wenji , Targoni Oleg , Moldovan Ioana , Dittrich Marcus , Sundararaman Srividya , Lehmann Paul
Published: January 2015

Each positive well in ELISPOT assays contains spots of variable sizes that can range from tens of micrometers up to a millimeter in diameter. Therefore, when it comes to counting these spots the decision on setting the lower and the upper spot size thresholds to discriminate between non-specific background noise, spots produced by individual T cells, and spots formed by T cell clusters is critical. If the spot sizes follow a known statistical distribution, precise predictions on minimal and maximal spot sizes, belonging to a given T cell population, can be made. We studied the size distributional properties of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-17 spots elicited in ELISPOT assays with PBMC from 172 healthy donors, upon stimulation with 32 individual viral peptides representing defined HLA Class I-restricted epitopes for CD8 cells, and with protein antigens of CMV and EBV activating CD4 cells. A total of 334 CD8 and 80 CD4 positive T cell responses were analyzed. In 99.7% of the test cases, spot size distributions followed Log Normal function. These data formally demonstrate that it is possible to establish objective, statistically validated parameters for counting T cell ELISPOTs.
Mechanism Analysis and Experimental Validation of Employing Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage to Enhance Power System Stability
Authors: Shi Xiaohan , Wang Shaorong , Yao Wei , Waqar Asad , Zuo Wenping , Tang Yuejin
Published: January 2015

This paper investigates the mechanism analysis and the experimental validation of employing superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) to enhance power system stability. The models of the SMES device and the single-machine infinite-bus (SMIB) system with SMES are deduced. Based on the model of the SMIB system with SMES, the action mechanism of SMES on a generator is analyzed. The analysis takes the impact of SMES location and the system operating point into consideration, as well. Based on the mechanism analysis, the P-controller and Q-controller are designed utilizing the phase compensation method to improve the damping of the SMIB system. The influence of factors, such as SMES location, transmission system reactance, the dynamic characteristics of SMES and the system operating point, on the damping improvement of SMES, is investigated through root locus analysis. The simulation results of the SMIB test system verify the analysis conclusions and controller design method. The laboratory results of the 150-kJ/100-kW high-temperature SMES (HT-SMES) device validate that the SMES device can effectively enhance the damping, as well as the transient stability of the power system.
Synthesis of a Terpene-Based New Chiral Inducer and Preparation of an Asymmetric Polymer
Authors: Matsumura Atsushi , Yang Fan , Goto Hiromasa
Published: January 2015

A new chiral compound was synthesized based on L-borneol. A cholesteric liquid crystal (LC) electrolyte solution was prepared by adding it as a chiral inducer to a nematic LC. A chiral poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT*, * = asymmetry) film was prepared by electrochemical polymerization in the induced cholesteric LC. The PEDOT* film showed a maximum absorption band due to a π–π* transition in the UV-vis absorption and bisignate Cotton effect in the reduced state in circular dichroism (CD). The CD spectrum indicates that PEDOT* backbones form right-handed helical aggregation. However, the maximum optical absorption band due to π–π* transition of the PEDOT* decreases and a new absorption band appears at long wavelengths upon oxidation due to generation of polarons as charge carriers. Bisignate Cotton effect disappears and broadly negative CD signal appears at long wavelengths in the oxidized state.
Using Microwave Energy to Synthesize Light Weight/Energy Saving Magnesium Based Materials: A Review
Authors: Wong Wai , Gupta Manoj
Published: January 2015

Microwave energy can be used for the processing of a wide variety of materials. It is used most commonly for the heating of food and has been increasingly applied for processing of polymers; ceramics; metals; minerals and composites. The use of microwave energy allows rapid and volumetric heating where heat is generated from within the material instead of via radiative heat transfer from external heating elements. This paper aims to provide a review on the use of energy efficient and environment friendly microwave energy route to synthesize magnesium based materials reinforced with various types of metallic and ceramic reinforcements. Magnesium composites are extremely attractive for weight critical applications in automotive; aerospace; electronics and transportation sectors. The magnesium composites were prepared using blend—compact—microwave sintering—extrusion methodology. Microwave sintering allowed a significant reduction of 80% in both processing time and energy consumption over conventional sintering without any detrimental effect on the properties of the synthesized magnesium composites. Physical; microstructure and mechanical properties of microwave sintered magnesium composites will also be discussed and compared with magnesium composites processed by conventional liquid and solid processing techniques.
Low Toxicity of Deoxynivalenol-3-Glucoside in Microbial Cells
Authors: Suzuki Tadahiro , Iwahashi Yumiko
Published: January 2015

Host plants excrete a glucosylation enzyme onto the plant surface that changes mycotoxins derived from fungal secondary metabolites to glucosylated products. Deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (DON3G) is synthesized by grain uridine diphosphate-glucosyltransferase, and is found worldwide, although information on its toxicity is lacking. Here, we conducted growth tests and DNA microarray analysis to elucidate the characteristics of DON3G. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae PDR5 mutant strain exposed to DON3G demonstrated similar growth to the dimethyl sulfoxide control, and DNA microarray analysis revealed limited differences. Only 10 genes were extracted, and the expression profile of stress response genes was similar to that of DON, in contrast to metabolism genes like SER3, which encodes 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase. Growth tests with Chlamydomonas reinhardtii also showed a similar growth rate to the control sample. These results suggest that DON3G has extremely low toxicity to these cells, and the glucosylation of mycotoxins is a useful protective mechanism not only for host plants, but also for other species.
Diversification of Ergot Alkaloids in Natural and Modified Fungi
Authors: Robinson Sarah , Panaccione Daniel
Published: January 2015

Several fungi in two different families––the Clavicipitaceae and the Trichocomaceae––produce different profiles of ergot alkaloids, many of which are important in agriculture and medicine. All ergot alkaloid producers share early steps before their pathways diverge to produce different end products. EasA, an oxidoreductase of the old yellow enzyme class, has alternate activities in different fungi resulting in branching of the pathway. Enzymes beyond the branch point differ among lineages. In the Clavicipitaceae, diversity is generated by the presence or absence and activities of lysergyl peptide synthetases, which interact to make lysergic acid amides and ergopeptines. The range of ergopeptines in a fungus may be controlled by the presence of multiple peptide synthetases as well as by the specificity of individual peptide synthetase domains. In the Trichocomaceae, diversity is generated by the presence or absence of the prenyl transferase encoded by easL (also called fgaPT1). Moreover, relaxed specificity of EasL appears to contribute to ergot alkaloid diversification. The profile of ergot alkaloids observed within a fungus also is affected by a delayed flux of intermediates through the pathway, which results in an accumulation of intermediates or early pathway byproducts to concentrations comparable to that of the pathway end product.
RESEARCH OF DEFORMATION OF CLAY SOIL MIXTURES MIXTURES / MOLINIŲ GRUNTŲ MIŠINIŲ DEFORMACIJŲ TYRIMAS
Authors: Girkontas Romas , Tamošiūnas Tadas , Savickas Andrius
Published: January 2015

The aim of this article is to determine clay soils and clay soils mixtures deformations during drying. Experiments consisted from: a) clay and clay mixtures bridges (height ~ 0,30 m, span ~ 1,00 m); b) tiles of clay and clay, sand and straw (height, length, wide); c) cylinders of clay; clay and straw; clay, straw and sand (diameter; height). According to the findings recommendations for clay and clay mixtures drying technology application were presented. During the experiment clay bridge bearing capacity and failure mode were determined. For investigations Vilnius Gediminas Technical University Civil Engineering Scientific Research Center infrastructure was used.
Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti molinio grunto mišinių džiūvant atsirandančias deformacijas. Eksperimentams buvo naudojama: a) moliniai ir molio mišinių tiltai (aukštis ~0,30 m, tarpatramis ~1,00 m, plotis 0,07–0,1 m); b) plytelės iš molio; molio, smėlio ir šiaudų (l; b; h); c) cilindrai iš molio; molio ir šiaudų; molio, šiaudų, smėlio (d; h). Pagal gautus bandymo rezultatus pateiktos rekomendacijos molinių gruntų mišinių džiovinimo technologijai taikyti. Nustatyta molinių tiltų laikomoji galia ir suirimo pobūdis. Atliekant tyrimus buvo pasinaudota Vilniaus Gedimino technikos universiteto Civilinės inžinerijos mokslo centro MTEP infrastruktūra.
L'écriture de soi... s'écrire l'intime
Authors: Kelley-Lainé Kathleen
Published: January 2015

L’écriture de soi jaillit d’une nécessité de trouver les traces de l’intime à travers des métaphores. Mais lorsque le sujet n’a plus sa langue maternelle à disposition, comment accéder aux profondeurs dans une langue étrangère ? S’écrire l’intime devient alors la voie même du retour aux origines.
La prématurité... D'une rive à l'autre...
Authors: Méro Sophie
Published: January 2015

La naissance prématurée d’un bébé est un véritable traumatisme pour ses parents. Une longue hospitalisation se profile alors, où les parents ne sont jamais seuls auprès de la couveuse puisqu’ils sont accompagnés par toute une équipe pluridisciplinaire. Plus particulièrement, on s’intéressera ici à ce qui se joue pour la mère lors des premières rencontres avec son bébé dans le service de réanimation néonatale, alors même que cette rencontre est indissociable de la présence des soignantes.
Cancérologie pédiatrique : des annonces qui font basculer la vie d'un enfant et de sa famille
Authors: Michon Jean
Published: January 2015

L’annonce du diagnostic en cancérologie doit être réalisée par une équipe de soins aguerrie, pluridisciplinaire, donnant des informations claires, dans un cadre approprié et en revenant autant de fois que nécessaire sur les points difficiles à intégrer. On ne peut prétendre tout dire en une fois autant à l’enfant qu’à ses parents. Il n’y a pas non plus une manière d’annoncer valide pour tous, l’adaptation de l’annonceur devant se faire à ceux qui l’écoutent plutôt que l’inverse. À travers deux exemples, sont détaillés le contenu de l’annonce, la place de la recherche clinique dans celle-ci, le caractère multidisciplinaire et multi-équipe nécessaire à la prise en charge globale de l’enfant ou l’adolescent malade. Les éléments fondateurs des premiers entretiens sont explicités, ainsi que le retentissement de l’annonce sur la construction future des souvenirs des parents et à travers eux de l’enfant s’il n’est pas en âge de les construire de façon consciente.
Lorsque la maladie chronique rencontre l'adolescence
Authors: Rouget Sébastien
Published: January 2015

Les interférences réciproques sont nombreuses entre la maladie chronique et l’adolescence. Atteinte du corps liée à ses signes propres ou à un retard statural ou pubertaire, défaillance pouvant toucher le narcissisme et renforcer les liens de dépendance aux parents, différence gênant l’intégration au groupe des pairs, la maladie entrave parfois le processus de l’adolescence. Pourtant, la majorité des enfants malades traversent une adolescence sans grande différence avec leurs pairs sains. Loin de redouter cette période, les soignants devront valoriser les signes de l’autonomisation du jeune et savoir se confronter si nécessaire avec la question de l’observance.
Le bébé prématuré et ses médecins
Authors: Mathelin Catherine
Published: January 2015

Les grands prématurés hospitalisés dans un service de réanimation néonatale, sont des bébés en danger. Et s’ils survivent comment pourront-ils du fond de leurs couveuses appréhender le monde ? Attachés aux machines, en partie coupés de la relation à l’Autre, qu’en sera-t-il pour eux d’une possibilité de devenir sujet ? L’approche psychanalytique peut permettre, à condition qu’un travail soit possible avec médecins, parents et bébés, de changer la donne et de donner aux habituels soins de développement une tournure radicalement différente.
La psychologie scolaire à Winnipeg
Authors: Lézine Irène , Le Run Jean-Louis
Published: January 2015

Cet article, l’un des premiers d’Irène Lézine, décrit l’organisation de la psychologie scolaire à Winnipeg au Canada en 1949. Le dispositif impressionne par sa richesse et sa rigueur, très axée sur l’évaluation par les tests, le repérage de la déficience et l’orientation vers des classes spécialisée. Mais des questions très modernes sont aussi évoquées comme celles de la prévention ou des élèves surdoués. L’article se conclut sur une étude concernant 800 enfants qui surprend par ses résultats.
Originalité ? Vous avez dit originalités ?
Authors: Benabou Valérie-Laure
Published: January 2015

La notion d’originalité est un élément de protection et de singularisation de la propriété littéraire et artistique. Pour autant, l’originalité se dérobe aussi vite qu’elle se révèle, et sa définition a connu ces dernières années des évolutions de nature à remettre en cause son apparente stabilité. Les bouleversements majeurs en ce début de XXI e siècle sur fond d’européanisation de la législation sont autant de facteurs qui perturbent la création. Or, l’œuvre doit être originale pour prétendre jouir d’une protection par le droit quand le droit lui-même répugne à dire ce qui est original. La doctrine a dénoncé à maintes reprises la mollesse du concept et la dureté des sanctions qui accompagnent sa mise en œuvre, mais les positions divergent quant à sa définition, et l’analyse de la jurisprudence n’est en rien départitrice. Depuis l’arrêt Infopac , la Cour de justice a dégagé à la faveur de l’originalité une notion de droit autonome de droit de l’Union dont elle a, peu à peu, affiné les contours, précisant s’il fallait admettre plusieurs degrés d’originalité. À la lecture des décisions successives, il semblerait que les juges européens laissent la possibilité aux États membres de piocher dans les différents critères dégagés conférant une utilité à l’originalité. Ainsi, il n’y aurait plus une originalité, mais des originalités. ?
L'évolution du concept juridique d'invention dans la jurisprudence européenne
Authors: Dhenne Matthieu
Published: January 2015

En droit des brevets, le standard d’invention a été utilisé pour introduire de nouvelles exigences de brevetabilité. Les origines de la condition d’invention dévoilent de la sorte les liens étroits l’unissant à la notion de caractère technique. A contrario , il en a été déduit l’exclusion de la brevetabilité des choses naturelles et des choses abstraites. Ce raisonnement résulte pourtant de la confusion faite entre l’invention et une chose inventée provenant de sa mise en œuvre. L’évolution de la jurisprudence européenne oblige à constater que l’invention constituerait plutôt, en réalité, l’objet du droit et non une condition de brevetabilité. Il conviendrait, dès lors, de distinguer l’invention, objet du droit, et une chose inventée en résultant. La jurisprudence européenne tend ainsi, désormais, à étendre le domaine de l’appropriable en y intégrant les choses naturelles et les choses abstraites. Parallèlement, l’exigence de caractère technique semble vouée à devenir une condition de brevetabilité en tant que telle. ?
Comment l'art pourrait-il rendre possibles certaines émotions
Authors: Levinson Jerrold
Published: January 2015

Je voudrais ici réfléchir, de façon provisoire et exploratoire, à la question de savoir en quels sens il est possible de dire que certaines émotions ne pouvaient pas exister avant que certaines œuvres d’art ou certains genres artistiques n’existent, ou qu’elles ne pourraient pas exister s’ils n’existaient pas. Mon but est donc de mieux comprendre le rôle que les arts peuvent jouer, à la fois dans la construction, dans la conception et dans la communication de certaines émotions – émotions qu’on pourrait alors considérer à juste titre comme véritablement originales et inédites.
Entretien exclusif avec Serge Moscovici
Authors: Augagneur Floran
Published: January 2015

De 2011 jusqu’à fin 2013, Floran Augagneur a mené des entretiens avec Serge Moscovici, dans le but d’écrire un livre sur son œuvre, qu’il est en train de rédiger. Pour ce numéro de Vraiment durable, il nous a livré un article qu’on trouvera dans la rubrique « Philosophie durable », mais il a aussi accepté de nous confier un des entretiens, dans lequel Serge Moscovici évoque non seulement son cheminement, mais aussi son regard sur l’écologie politique d’aujourd’hui, la question de la science comme « savoir du sens commun », et finalement affirme que la « question naturelle » n’a plus grand-chose à voir avec l’écologie, car elle s’est coupée de la « dissidence », laquelle est du côté de la vie, et non du conservatisme. Il cite Grothendieck comme celui qui a, avant de se tourner vers l’écologie, réévalué la science, et on ne peut s’empêcher de rapprocher la proximité de leur disparition, Serge Moscovici le 15 novembre 2014, Grothendieck deux jours avant, nous privant de deux penseurs et savants qui ont posé la question de la nature et de sa destruction, dans des termes philosophiques dont la radicalité manque cruellement aujourd’hui.
La vie n'existe que là où il y a des hommes
Authors: Augagneur Floran
Published: January 2015

Floran Augagneur revisite, dans un article percutant, la pensée écologique de Serge Moscovici, non pas à partir de ses écrits sur la question naturelle, mais à partir de ses travaux de psychologie sociale. On découvre alors que Serge Moscovici est le théoricien d’une écologie populaire, d’un mouvement social, dont il a par ailleurs aussi été l’un des principaux acteurs. En opposition à une écologie scientiste, héritière de la pensée de Hans Jonas, l’écologie de Serge Moscovici cherche à intégrer un savoir, la connaissance issue du peuple : le sens commun. L’écologie moscovicienne n’est pas une écologie de l’élite, c’est-à-dire une écologie de la contrainte, basée sur le diagnostic scientifique et qui donne le pouvoir aux experts. Un détour par la psychologie sociale, discipline académique fondée par Serge Moscovici, permet d’éclairer la pensée écologique française, de ses prémices à ses objectifs.
Les passions d'une ministre engagée
Authors: El Haité Hakima
Published: January 2015

Le Maroc est candidat pour accueillir la 22 e Conférence des parties de la Convention sur la lutte contre les changements climatiques, qui se tiendra en 2016 ; si c’est celle de Paris, prévue en décembre 2015, qui attire tous les regards, tous les praticiens de cette négociation savent que les retrouvailles d’après les conférences très médiatisées, dont on attend un « stop ou encore » pour les mesures de lutte contre le réchauffement, sont aussi importantes, car elles permettent de concrétiser les succès des précédentes, toujours trop déclaratives, ou d’atténuer leurs insuffisances. Mme Hakima El Haité, ministre marocaine chargée de l’Environnement, en est consciente, et nous dévoile, dans cet entretien qui révèle bien sa personnalité passionnée, sensible et très « politique », combien le Maroc fait d’efforts pour convertir sa population à des comportements plus durables. Beau parcours que celui d’une féministe pour qui être femme, c’est défendre l’avenir des générations futures.
La nature au cœur de la ville
Authors: Charlot Antoine
Published: January 2015

Longtemps considérée comme un élément du décor, la nature est devenue un élément central des territoires urbains. Élus, urbanistes, aménageurs, habitants, les acteurs de la ville admettent qu’il est urgent de stopper l’artificialisation des terres arables, après des décennies de mitage du territoire par la maison individuelle. Densifier l’existant, assurer une mixité fonctionnelle, ne s’étendre qu’en lisière des zones bâties, telles sont les nouvelles règles de l’urbanisme durable. Parallèlement, une forte demande sociale s’est développée ces dernières années, obligeant les maires à restaurer la nature à l’intérieur même des villes, qu’il s’agisse d’une nature tactile et cultivée ou de véritables respirations urbaines.
Un informe de Pedro de Ribera para Nueva España: el abastecimiento de agua a Guadalajara
Authors: Recio Mir Álvaro
Published: January 2015

El proyecto que el arquitecto franciscano Pedro Antonio de Buzeta planteó para abastecer de agua a la ciudad novohispana de Guadalajara fue enviado a Madrid para que lo supervisase el consejo de Indias. De sus aspectos técnicos se ocupó el arquitecto madrileño Pedro de Ribera, que firmó una interesante crítica a la empresa en 1735. Entre otras cuestiones, hizo una defensa de los acueductos subterráneos, demostró su erudición y planteó diversas correcciones al proyecto de Buzeta.
Polifemo y los delfines. A propósito del ditirambo El Cíclope o Galatea de Filóxeno de Citera
Authors: Montes Cala José Guillermo
Published: January 2015

El amor de Polifemo por Galatea fue un tema novedoso en el ditirambo El Cíclope o Galatea de Filóxeno de Citera, que gozó de gran fortuna en la poesía helenística. Es nuestro propósito aquí profundizar en la reconstrucción de esa trama erótica a partir de ciertos detalles argumentales que han sido transmitidos en el Schol. Theoc. XI 1 b, p. 241 Wendel, y comúnmente a los ojos de la crítica moderna han pasado desapercibidos.
La forma verbal cabint del bronce celtibérico de Novallas (Zaragoza)
Authors: Jordán Cólera Carlos
Published: January 2015

El Bronce de Novallas es un fragmento escrito en alfabeto latino y lengua celtibérica. En la línea 7 se lee cabint. El autor propone diferentes posibilidades de análisis morfológico para esta forma verbal. También analiza las otras dos palabras completas que pueden leerse seguidamente en la misma línea, sam bedam.
Del epigrama al hipertexto: Hesperia. Banco de datos de lenguas paleohispánicas
Authors: Berenguer-Sánchez José A.
Published: January 2015

La publicación en abierto de la base de datos Hesperia supone un hito de gran relevancia en el estudio de las lenguas paleohispánicas. En esta contribución se repasan las características de esta edición en línea, examinando las diferencias que supone la publicación en línea, basada en las posibilidades del hipertexto, frente a la publicación del texto impreso.