bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of the Kalman Filter to Estimate the State of an Aerobraking Maneuver
Authors: Gomes dos Santos Willer , Kuga Hélio Koiti , Rocco Evandro Marconi
Published: July 2013

This paper presents a study about the application of a Kalman filter to estimate the position and velocity of a spacecraft in an aerobraking maneuver around the Earth. The cis-lunar aerobraking of the Hiten spacecraft as well as an aerobraking in a LEO orbit are simulated in this paper. The simulator developed considers a reference trajectory and a trajectory perturbed by external disturbances combined with nonidealities of sensors and actuators. It is able to operate in closed loop controlling the trajectory at each instant of time using a PID controller and propulsive jets. A Kalman filter utilizes the sensor data to estimate the state of the spacecraft. The estimation algorithms and propagation equations used in this process are presented. The U.S. Standard Atmosphere is adopted as the atmospheric model. The main results are compared with the case where the Kalman filter is not used. Therefore, it was possible to perform an analysis of the Kalman filter importance applied to an aerobraking maneuver.
Strong Convergence Theorems for a Pair of Strictly Pseudononspreading Mappings
Authors: Deng Bin-Chao , Chen Tong
Published: July 2013

LetHbe a real Hilbert space. LetT1,T2:H→Hbek1-,k2-strictly pseudononspreading mappings; letαnandβnbe two real sequences in (0,1). For givenx0∈H, the sequencexnis generated iteratively byxn+1=βnxn+1-βnTw1αnγfxn+I-μαnBTw2xn,∀n∈N, whereTwi=1−wiI+wiTiwithi=1,2andB:H→His strongly monotone and Lipschitzian. Under some mild conditions on parametersαnandβn, we prove that the sequencexnconverges strongly to the setFixT1∩FixT2of fixed points of a pair of strictly pseudononspreading mappingsT1andT2.
Reduced Use of Emergency Care and Hospitalization in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury Receiving Acupuncture Treatment
Authors: Shih Chun-Chuan , Lee Hsun-Hua , Chen Ta-Liang , Tsai Chin-Chuan , Lane Hsin-Long , Chiu Wen-Ta , Liao Chien-Chang
Published: July 2013

Background. Little research exists on acupuncture treatment’s effect on patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods. Using Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database, we conducted a cohort study to compare the use of emergency care and hospitalization in TBI patients with and without acupuncture treatment in the first year after TBI. The adjusted relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of high use of emergency care and hospitalization associated with acupuncture treatment were calculated in multivariate Poisson regression models with generalized estimating equation.Results. The means of medical visits of emergency care and hospitalization were lower in TBI patients with acupuncture treatment than in those without acupuncture treatment. After adjustment, acupuncture treatment was associated with decreased risk of high emergency care visits (beta = −0.0611,P=0.0452) and hospitalization (beta = −0.0989,P<0.0001). The RRs of high medical visits and expenditure for hospitalization associated with acupuncture treatment were 0.62 (95% CI = 0.50–0.76) and 0.66 (95% CI = 0.53–0.83), respectively.Conclusion. Patients with TBI who receive acupuncture treatment have reduced the use of emergency care and hospitalization in the first year after injury. The mechanisms of effects of acupuncture on TBI warrant further investigations.
A Novel Metaheuristic for Travelling Salesman Problem
Authors: Zharfi Vahid , Mirzazadeh Abolfazl
Published: July 2013

One of the well-known combinatorial optimization problems is travelling salesman problem (TSP). This problem is in the fields of logistics, transportation, and distribution. TSP is among the NP-hard problems, and many different metaheuristics are used to solve this problem in an acceptable time especially when the number of cities is high. In this paper, a new meta-heuristic is proposed to solve TSP which is based on new insight into network routing problems.
Koopmans′ Analysis of Chemical Hardness with Spectral‐Like Resolution
Authors: Putz Mihai V.
Published: July 2013

Three approximation levels of Koopmans′ theorem are explored and applied: the first referring to the inner quantum behavior of the orbitalic energies that depart from the genuine ones in Fock space when the wave‐functions′ Hilbert‐Banach basis set is specified to solve the many‐electronic spectra of spin‐orbitals′ eigenstates; it is the most subtle issue regarding Koopmans′ theorem as it brings many critics and refutation in the last decades, yet it is shown here as an irrefutable “observational” effect through computation, specific to any in silico spectra of an eigenproblem; the second level assumes the “frozen spin‐orbitals” approximation during the extracting or adding of electrons to the frontier of the chemical system through the ionization and affinity processes, respectively; this approximation is nevertheless workable for great deal of chemical compounds, especially organic systems, and is justified for chemical reactivity and aromaticity hierarchies in an homologue series; the third and the most severe approximation regards the extension of the second one to superior orders of ionization and affinities, here studied at the level of chemical hardness compact‐finite expressions up to spectral‐like resolution for a paradigmatic set of aromatic carbohydrates.
TSE Diagnostics: Recent Advances in Immunoassaying Prions
Authors: Lukan Anja , Vranac Tanja , Čurin Šerbec Vladka
Published: July 2013

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) or prion diseases are a group of rare fatal neurodegenerative diseases, affecting humans and animals. They are believed to be the consequence of the conversion of the cellular prion protein to its aggregation-prone,β-sheet-rich isoform, named prion. Definite diagnosis of TSEs is determinedpost mortem. For this purpose, immunoassays for analyzing brain tissue have been developed. However, the ultimate goal of TSE diagnostics is anante mortemtest, which would be sensitive enough to detect prions in body fluids, that is, in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or urine. Such a test would be of paramount importance also for screening of asymptomatic carriers of the disease with the aim of increasing food, drugs, and blood-derived products safety. In the present paper, we have reviewed recent advances in the development of immunoassays for the detection of prions.
Simultaneous Estimation of Ibuprofen and Phenylephrine Hydrochloride in Bulk and Combined Dosage Form by First Derivative UV Spectrophotometry Method
Authors: Patel Mehul , Patel Bhavna , Parmar Shraddha
Published: July 2013

A simple, precise, rapid, and economic method was developed for the simultaneous determination of Ibuprofen and Phenylephrine HCl in bulk and combined dosage form. This method involves first-order derivative spectroscopy using 248 nm and 237 nm as zero crossing points for Ibuprofen and Phenylephrine HCl, respectively. For spectrophotometric method 0.1 N NaOH was used as a solvent. The linearity was established over the concentration range of 12–72 μg/mL and 1.5–22 μg/mL for Ibuprofen and Phenylephrine HCl with correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.9972 and 0.9981, respectively. The mean % recoveries were found to be in the range of 98.88% and 98.54% for Ibuprofen and Phenylephrine HCl, respectively. Interday and intraday studies showed repeatability of the method. The method was found to be specific and robust. The method was successfully applied to pharmaceutical formulation, with no interference from excipients as indicated by the recovery study. Results of analysis were validated statistically and by recovery studies.
Pseudomyopathic Changes in Needle Electromyography in Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome
Authors: Komatsu Teppei , Bokuda Kota , Shimizu Toshio , Komori Tetsuo , Koide Reiji
Published: July 2013

Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is a rare presynaptic disorder of the neuromuscular junction in association with cancer and subsequently in cases in which no neoplasm has been detected (O’Neill et al., 1988). The diagnosis of LEMS is based on the combination of fluctuating muscle weakness, diminished or absent reflexes, and a more than 60% increment of compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude after brief exercise or 50 Hz stimulation for 1 s in a repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) test (Oh et al., 2005). On the other hand, needle electromyography (EMG) findings related to LEMS have not been well described. Here, we report a case of LEMS, which showed apparent myopathic changes in needle EMG findings. Furthermore, we retrospectively examined the needle EMG findings in 8 patients with LEMS. In six of the 8 patients, the EMG findings showed myopathy-like findings. Although the findings of needle EMG indicated myopathic changes at a glance, the motor unit potential (MUP) returned to normal after a sustained strong muscle contraction. We propose the name “pseudomyopathic changes” for this phenomenon.
Genotype-Specific Changes in Vitamin B6Content and the PDX Family in Potato
Authors: Mooney Sutton , Chen Liyuan , Kühn Christina , Navarre Roy , Knowles N. Richard , Hellmann Hanjo
Published: July 2013

Vitamin B6is one of the most versatile cofactors in plants and an essential phytonutrient in the human diet that benefits a variety of human health aspects. Although biosynthesis of the vitamin has been well resolved in recent years, the main research is currently based onArabidopsis thalianawith very little work done on major crop plants. Here we provide the first report on interactions and expression profiles ofPDXgenes for vitamin B6biosynthesis in potato and how vitamin B6content varies in tubers of different genotypes. The results demonstrate that potato is an excellent resource for this vitamin and that strong natural variation in vitamin B6content among the tested cultivars indicates high potential to fortify vitamin B6nutrition in potato-based foods.
Laryngeal Aerodynamics in Children with Hearing Impairment versus Age and Height Matched Normal Hearing Peers
Authors: Das Barshapriya , Chatterjee Indranil , Kumar Suman
Published: July 2013

Lack of proper auditory feedback in hearing-impaired subjects results in functional voice disorder. It is directly related to discoordination of intrinsic and extrinsic laryngeal muscles and disturbed contraction and relaxation of antagonistic muscles. A total of twenty children in the age range of 5–10 years were considered for the study. They were divided into two groups: normal hearing children and hearing aid user children. Results showed a significant difference in the vital capacity, maximum sustained phonation, and fast adduction abduction rate having equal variance for normal and hearing aid user children, respectively, but no significant difference was found in the peak flow value with being statistically significant. A reduced vital capacity in hearing aid user children suggests a limited use of the lung volume for speech production. It may be inferred from the study that the hearing aid user children have poor vocal proficiency which is reflected in their voice. The use of voicing component in hearing impaired subjects is seen due to improper auditory feedback. It was found that there was a significant difference in the vital capacity, maximum sustained phonation (MSP), and fast adduction abduction rate and no significant difference in the peak flow.
Cloud Prediction of Protein Structure and Function with PredictProtein for Debian
Authors: Kaján László , Yachdav Guy , Vicedo Esmeralda , Steinegger Martin , Mirdita Milot , Angermüller Christof , Böhm Ariane , Domke Simon , Ertl Julia , Mertes Christian , Reisinger Eva , Staniewski Cedric , Rost Burkhard
Published: July 2013

We report the release of PredictProtein for the Debian operating system and derivatives, such as Ubuntu, Bio-Linux, and Cloud BioLinux. The PredictProtein suite is available as a standard set of open source Debian packages. The release covers the most popular prediction methods from the Rost Lab, including methods for the prediction of secondary structure and solvent accessibility (profphd), nuclear localization signals (predictnls), and intrinsically disordered regions (norsnet). We also present two case studies that successfully utilize PredictProtein packages for high performance computing in the cloud: the first analyzes protein disorder for whole organisms, and the second analyzes the effect of all possible single sequence variants in protein coding regions of the human genome.
Prevalence of Childhood and Adolescent Overweight and Obesity from 2003 to 2010 in an Integrated Health Care Delivery System
Authors: Gee Scott , Chin Debbie , Ackerson Lynn , Woo Dewey , Howell Amanda
Published: July 2013

An observational study of the Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) BMI coding distributions was conducted to ascertain the trends in overweight and obesity prevalence among KPNC members aged 2–19 between the periods of 2003–2005 and 2009-2010. A decrease in the prevalence of overweight (−11.1% change) and obesity (−3.6% change) and an increase in the prevalence of healthy weight (+2.7% change) were demonstrated. Children aged 2–5 had the greatest improvement in obesity prevalence (−11.5% change). Adolescents aged 12–19 were the only age group to not show a decrease in obesity prevalence. Of the racial and ethnic groups, Hispanics/Latinos had the highest prevalence of obesity across all age groups. The KPNC prevalence of overweight and obesity compares favorably to external benchmarks, although differences in methodologies limit our ability to draw conclusions. Physician counseling as well as weight management programs and sociodemographic factors may have contributed to the overall improvements in BMI in the KPNC population. Physician training, practice tools, automated BMI reminders and performance feedback improved the frequency and quality of physician counseling. BMI screening and counseling at urgent visits, in addition to well-child care visits, increased the reach and dose of physician counseling.
Percentage of Deaths Attributable to Poor Cardiovascular Health Lifestyle Factors: Findings from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study
Authors: Sui Xuemei , Li Hongjuan , Zhang Jiajia , Chen Li , Zhu Ling , Blair Steven N.
Published: July 2013

Purpose. We assessed the effects of the four newly defined American Heart Association (AHA) lifestyle factors on mortality by examining the associated population attributable fractions (PAFs) of these factors. Methods. Slightly modified AHA cardiovascular health factors (smoking, body mass index, cardiorespiratory fitness, and diet) were measured among 11,240 (24% women) participants from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study between 1987 and 1999. The cohort was followed to December 31, 2003, or death. PAFs were calculated as the proportionate reduction in death attributable to identified risk factors. Results. During an average 12 years of followup, 268 deaths occurred. Low fitness had the highest PAFs at the 5th, 10th, and 15th year of followup, respectively: 6.6%, 6.4%, and 5.5%. Current smokers had the second highest PAFs at the 5th, 10th, and 15th year of followup, respectively: 5.4%, 5.2%, and 5.0%. Additional adjusting for other confounders in the model did not change the above associations. The PAFs for overweight or obesity and unhealthy diet were not significant in the current analyses. Conclusions. Assuming a causal relationship between smoking, low fitness, and mortality, avoidance of both would have prevented 13% of the deaths in the current population. Preventive interventions to increase physical activity and stop smoking would most likely promote longevity.
The Prognostic Significance of CD44V6, CDH11, andβ-Catenin Expression in Patients with Osteosarcoma
Authors: Deng Zhouming , Niu Guangfeng , Cai Lin , Wei Renxiong , Zhao Xiaolei
Published: July 2013

This study aimed to examine the expression of and the relationship between CD44V6, CDH11, andβ-catenin. The expression of these cell adhesion molecules was detected in 90 osteosarcoma and 20 osteochondroma specimens using immunohistochemistry. Associations between these parameters and clinicopathological data were also examined. The expression rates of CD44V6, CDH11, andβ-catenin were 25.0% (5/20), 70.0% (14/20), and 20.0% (4/20) in osteochondroma specimens, respectively. Compared to osteochondromas, the proportions of expression of CD44V6 andβ-catenin in osteosarcoma specimens increased to 65.6% (59/90) and 60.0% (54/90), respectively. However, the expression rate of CDH11 in osteosarcomas was reduced to 40.0% (36/90). The expression of these markers was significantly associated with metastasis and overall survival (P<0.05). Survival analysis revealed that patients with increased expression of CD44V6 andβ-catenin as well as decreased expression of CDH11 were correlated with a shorter survival time. Multivariate analysis indicated that clinical stage, metastasis status, and the expression of CD44V6, CDH11, andβ-catenin were found to be associated with overall survival. Further, the expression ofβ-catenin and that of CD44V6 were positively correlated with each other. Thus, our results indicated abnormal expression of CD44V6, CDH11, andβ-catenin in osteosarcomas and osteochondromas, which may provide important indicators for further research.
A QR Code Based Zero-Watermarking Scheme for Authentication of Medical Images in Teleradiology Cloud
Authors: Seenivasagam V. , Velumani R.
Published: July 2013

Healthcare institutions adapt cloud based archiving of medical images and patient records to share them efficiently. Controlled access to these records and authentication of images must be enforced to mitigate fraudulent activities and medical errors. This paper presents a zero-watermarking scheme implemented in the composite Contourlet Transform (CT)—Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) domain for unambiguous authentication of medical images. Further, a framework is proposed for accessing patient records based on the watermarking scheme. The patient identification details and a link to patient data encoded into a Quick Response (QR) code serves as the watermark. In the proposed scheme, the medical image is not subjected to degradations due to watermarking. Patient authentication and authorized access to patient data are realized on combining a Secret Share with the Master Share constructed from invariant features of the medical image. The Hu’s invariant image moments are exploited in creating the Master Share. The proposed system is evaluated with Checkmark software and is found to be robust to both geometric and non geometric attacks.
Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumour: CT and MRI Findings
Authors: Sperandio Massimiliano , Di Poce Isabelle , Ricci Aurora , Di Trapano Roberta , Costanzo Elisa , Di Cello Pierfrancesco , Pelle Fabio , Izzo Luciano , Simonetti Giovanni
Published: July 2013

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST) is extremely rare malignancy in the general population, occurring more frequently in patients with Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). In the literature five cases of MPNST arising from the parapharyngeal space (PPS) in patients without neurofibromatosis have been reported. We report imaging techniques in a patient with MPNST in the PPS, who had neither a family history nor sign of NF1. Computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed for a correct therapeutic planning. CT and MRI findings were correlated with hystopathological diagnosis.
Cystathionine β-Lyase-Like Protein with Pyridoxal Binding Domain Characterized in Leishmania major by Comparative Sequence Analysis and Homology Modelling
Authors: Negi Arvind , Bhushan Satej , Gupta Pawan , Garg Prabha , Kumar Raj
Published: July 2013

Cystathionine β-lyase-like protein (CBLP), one of the key enzymes involved in methionine biosynthesis utilising pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) as a cofactor, has recently been reported in Leishmania major. Its presence in the parasite and absence in humans warrant its full characterisation and fruition as a potent, selective, and inevitable druggable target. Due to the unavailability of X-ray 3D structure of CBLP, a homology model for this protein was developed for the first time. The model was evaluated for PLP binding site and various conserve domain residues of the protein recommended by comparative sequence analyses by different protein analysis tools. The model was validated and discovered to be robust and statistically significant. The final model was superimposed on template of Arabidopsis thaliana (PDB ID: 1IBJ) and RMSD was found to be 0.486. The PLP binding site residues of both the proteins were ensued to be highly conserved indicated by Gly71, Met72, Tyr95, Asp169, and Ser193 as well as formation of aldimine bond with Lys194. This was further verified through molecular simulation of PLP into the cofactor binding site of the modelled protein. The present study may therefore play a directing role in the designing of novel, potential, and selective antileishmanial agents.
Dual Lesions: A Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Prabhat M. P. V. , Deshpande Prasannasrinivas , Gummadapu Sarat , Babburi Suresh , Chintamaneni Raja Lakshmi , Sujanamulk Bhavana
Published: July 2013

Glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is a rare aggressive developmental cyst of the jaw. It most commonly occurs in middle-aged people with mandible anterior region being the most affected site. This lesion can present as a unilocular or multilocular radiolucency and has high recurrence rate. The histopathologic features of the GOC are complex and often coincide with the features of dentigerous cyst, radicular cyst, and low-grade central mucoepidermoid carcinoma (CMEC). At times, the microscopic features are so similar to central low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma that it becomes highly impossible to distinguish the two entities even with various advanced investigations. The reported case represents one such diagnostic dilemma occurring in the maxilla which is a rare site, and the lesion/s appeared as two distinct entities, that is, GOC and CMEC on either aspects of the same side of maxilla clinically, yet showing continuity on advanced imaging and demonstrating histopathological perplexity.
Acute Glomerulonephritis in a Child withChlamydia pneumoniaeInfection: A Case Report
Authors: Vitaliti Giovanna , Falsaperla Raffaele , Giunta Leandra , Spataro Giuseppina , Rapisarda Venerando , Velardita Mario , Nunnari Giuseppe , Pavone Piero
Published: July 2013

Background. Infectious diseases seem to be an important and independent risk factor for renal failure, but the underlying mechanism of renal involvement during some kinds of infectious diseases is still unclear, even if the literature data report immunomediated and/or autoimmune mechanisms to explain the pathogenic relationship between the two diseases. In paediatric patients,Chlamydia pneumoniaeis a rare cause of renal complications and it may manifest in several ways, mainly involving the respiratory system, even if also renal and glomerulalr complications, have been described.Case Diagnosis/Treatment. Herein we report a case of a 3-year-old child who developed an acute glomerulonephritis that was chronologically, clinically, and biologically related to a previousChlamydia pneumoniaeinfection. On our knowledge, in the literature it is the youngest patient with renal involvement during course ofChlamydia pneumoniaeinfection ever reported.Conclusions. The present case supports the hypothesis of a rather close causal relationship between this infective agent and renal and glomerular symptoms occurred in this child, during an acute episode of respiratory disease.
Effect of Electron Beam Irradiation on Optical Properties of Manganese Tungstate Nanoparticles
Authors: Priyanka K. P. , Aloysius Sabu N. , Sunny Anu Tresa , Sheena P. A. , Varghese Thomas
Published: July 2013

Manganese tungstate (MnWO4) nanoparticles were synthesized at room temperature by chemical precipitation method. The effect of high energy electron beam (EB) irradiation on the optical properties of MnWO4nanoparticles was investigated. The absorption spectra, photoluminescence intensity, and Raman bands of the irradiated samples were modified, which has been attributed to defects and particle size variation. The present investigation found that the beam irradiation is a new and efficient method to enhance the optical absorption performance and photoactivity of MnWO4nanoparticles.
On the Singular Spectrum of the Radiation Operator for Multiple and Extended Observation Domains
Authors: Solimene Raffaele , Maisto Maria Antonia , Romeo Giuseppe , Pierri Rocco
Published: July 2013

The problem of studying how spatial diversity impacts on the spectrum (singular values) of the radiation operator is addressed. This topic is of great importance because of its connection with the so-called number of degrees of freedom concept which in turn is a key parameter in inverse source problems as well as to the problem of transmitting information by waves from a source domain to an observation domain. The case of a bounded rectilinear source with the radiated field observed over multiple bounded rectilinear domains parallel to the source is considered. Then, the analysis is generalized to two-dimensional extended observation domains. Analytical arguments are developed to estimate the pertinent singular value behavior. This allows highlighting the way observation domain features affect spectrum behavior. Numerical examples are shown to support the analytical results.
Biophysical and RNA Interference Inhibitory Properties of Oligonucleotides Carrying Tetrathiafulvalene Groups at Terminal Positions
Authors: Pérez-Rentero Sónia , Somoza Alvaro , Grijalvo Santiago , Janoušek Jiří , Bělohradský Martin , Stará Irena G. , Starý Ivo , Eritja Ramon
Published: July 2013

Oligonucleotide conjugates carrying a single functionalized tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) unit linked through a threoninol molecule to the 3′ or 5′ ends were synthesized together with their complementary oligonucleotides carrying a TTF, pyrene, or pentafluorophenyl group. TTF‐oligonucleotide conjugates formed duplexes with higher thermal stability than the corresponding unmodified oligonucleotides and pyrene‐ and pentafluorophenyl‐modified oligonucleotides. TTF‐modified oligonucleotides are able to bind to citrate‐stabilized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and produce stable gold AuNPs functionalized with oligonucleotides. Finally, TTF‐oligoribonucleotides have been synthesized to produce siRNA duplexes carrying TTF units. The presence of the TTF molecule is compatible with the RNA interference mechanism for gene inhibition.
A Cosmological Model Based on a Quadratic Equation of State Unifying Vacuum Energy, Radiation, and Dark Energy
Authors: Chavanis Pierre-Henri
Published: July 2013

We consider a cosmological model based on a quadratic equation of state (where is the Planck density and is the cosmological density) “unifying” vacuum energy, radiation, and dark energy. For , it reduces to leading to a phase of early accelerated expansion (early inflation) with a constant density equal to the Planck density  g/m3 (vacuum energy). For , we recover the equation of state of radiation . For , we get leading to a phase of late accelerated expansion (late inflation) with a constant density equal to the cosmological density  g/m3 (dark energy). The temperature is determined by a generalized Stefan-Boltzmann law. We show a nice “symmetry” between the early universe (vacuum energy + radiation) and the late universe (radiation + dark energy). In our model, they are described by two polytropic equations of state with index and respectively. Furthermore, the Planck density in the early universe plays a role similar to that of the cosmological density in the late universe. They represent fundamental upper and lower density bounds differing by 122 orders of magnitude. We add the contribution of baryonic matter and dark matter considered as independent species and obtain a simple cosmological model describing the whole evolution of the universe. We study the evolution of the scale factor, density, and temperature. This model gives the same results as the standard CDM model for , where is the Planck time and completes it by incorporating the phase of early inflation in a natural manner. Furthermore, this model does not present any singularity at and exists eternally in the past (although it may be incorrect to extrapolate the solution to the infinite past). Our study suggests that vacuum energy, radiation, and dark energy may be the manifestation of a unique form of “generalized radiation.” By contrast, the baryonic and dark matter components of the universe are treated as different species. This is at variance with usual models (quintessence, Chaplygin gas, ...) trying to unify dark matter and dark energy.
Evaluation of Stability of Rotating Hinge Knee Prostheses: A Biomechanical Study
Authors: Friesenbichler Joerg , Leithner Andreas , Glehr Mathias , Sadoghi Patrick , Maurer-Ertl Werner , Avian Alexander , Windhager Reinhard
Published: July 2013

Purpose. Rotating hinge knee prostheses should provide a stable situation following reconstruction. We performed a biomechanical analysis to establish the association between design of the central rotational stem (peg) and implant’s stability, in a theoretical setting.Methods. Six different rotating hinge designs were tested, and three observers performed two different measurements with a custom made biomechanical apparatus and laterally directed pressure. The aim was to assign the degree of tilting of the peg within the vertical post-in channel by extending the distraction as well as the maximum amount of distraction before the peg’s dislocation. An intraclass-correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to determine the observer’s reliability.Results. Implant designs with cylindrical pegs of different lengths were superior to implant designs with conical or other shaped pegs concerning stability and maximum amount of distraction before dislocation, showing steep rising distraction-angular displacement curves. The ICC at 15 mm and 25 mm of distraction revealed high interobserver reliability (P<0.001).Conclusion. The biomechanical analysis showed that rotating hinge prostheses with long and cylindrical pegs have the highest stability at any given amount of distraction. Designs with shorter and markedly tapered pegs may become unstable under conditions of mild joint distraction which has to be proven in future in vivo investigations.
Nonfamilial,MPLS505N-Mutated Essential Thrombocythaemia
Authors: Morrell Ruth , Langabeer Stephen E. , Smyth Liam , Perera Meegahage , Crotty Gerard
Published: July 2013

Mutations ofMPLare present in a significant proportion of patients with the myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), primary myelofibrosis (PMF), and essential thrombocythaemia (ET). The most frequent of these mutations, W515L and W515K, occur in exon 10 ofMPL, which encodes the receptor for thrombopoietin. Another exon 10 mutation,MPLS505N, has been shown to be a founder mutation in several pedigrees with familial thrombocythaemia where it is associated with a high thrombotic risk, splenomegaly and progression to bone marrow fibrosis. Rare cases of sporadic, nonfamilial,MPLS505N MPN have been documented, but the presenting laboratory and clinical features have not been described in detail. The diagnosis and clinical course of a case ofMPLS505N-positive MPN are presented with diagnostic features and treatment response resembling typical ET but with evidence of increasing bone marrow fibrosis. Further MPN cases possessing this genotype require reporting in order to ascertain whether any particular morphological or clinical features, if present, determine clinical course and aid the refinement of therapeutic options.
Research on the Structure of Fish Collagen Nanofibers Influenced Cell Growth
Authors: Zhou Gang , Zhang Guimin , Wu Zhe , Hou Yongzhao , Yan Ming , Liu Haifeng , Niu Xufeng , Ruhan A. , Fan Yubo
Published: July 2013

Electrospinning is highlighted in biomaterials field. The structures of nanofibers depend on various parameters, which are related closely to the bioactivity of biomaterials. The aim of this research is to analyze the structure of fish collagen nanofibers and to propose the new criterion for cell growth. This paper focused on the flow rate of solvent during the electrospinning. Through the cell culture, the relationship of the structure and cell growth is investigated. The results obtained in this study provide an understanding of the behaviors of cell growth under different structure of fish collagen nanofibers scaffold.
Preoperative White Blood Cell Count and Risk of 30-Day Readmission after Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Brown Jeremiah R. , Landis R. Clive , Chaisson Kristine , Ross Cathy S. , Dacey Lawrence J. , Boss Richard A. , Helm Robert E. , Horton Susan R. , Hofmaster Patricia , Jones Cheryl , Desaulniers Helen , Westbrook Benjamin M. , Duquette Dennis , LeBlond Kelly , Quinn Reed D. , Magnus Patrick C. , Malenka David J. , DiScipio Anthony W.
Published: July 2013

Approximately 1 in 5 patients undergoing cardiac surgery are readmitted within 30 days of discharge. Among the primary causes of readmission are infection and disease states susceptible to the inflammatory cascade, such as diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and gastrointestinal complications. Currently, it is not known if a patient’s baseline inflammatory state measured by crude white blood cell (WBC) counts could predict 30-day readmission. We collected data from 2,176 consecutive patients who underwent cardiac surgery at seven hospitals. Patient readmission data was abstracted from each hospital. The independent association with preoperative WBC count was determined using logistic regression. There were 259 patients readmitted within 30 days, with a median time of readmission of 9 days (IQR 4–16). Patients with elevated WBC count at baseline (10,000–12,000 and >12,000 mm3) had higher 30-day readmission than those with lower levels of WBC count prior to surgery (15% and 18% compared to 10%–12%,P=0.037). Adjusted odds ratios were 1.42 (0.86, 2.34) for WBC counts 10,000–12,000 and 1.81 (1.03, 3.17) for WBC count > 12,000. We conclude that WBC count measured prior to cardiac surgery as a measure of the patient’s inflammatory state could aid clinicians and continuity of care management teams in identifying patients at heightened risk of 30-day readmission after discharge from cardiac surgery.
Interaction between a Regenerative Matrix and Wound Bed in Nonhealing Ulcers: Results with 16 Cases
Authors: Motolese Alberico , Vignati Francesca , Brambilla Roberto , Cerati Michele , Passi Alberto
Published: July 2013

A chronic wound is a wound that is delayed in one of the wound-healing stages and cannot progress any further. A chronic wound leaves the patient at risk of infection and hospitalization. In these case series, 16 patients affected by venous ulcers underwent Hyalomatrix PA grafting for reconstructive surgery. Hyalomatrix PA is a bilayered, sterile, flexible, and conformable three-dimensional matrix made of fibers of HYAFF, a benzyl ester of hyaluronic acid, and a semipermeable silicone membrane. Hyalomatrix PA acts as a substitutive and regenerative permanent matrix able to replace the dermis providing a three-dimensional matrix for cellular invasion and capillary growth. The silicon layer controls water vapor loss avoiding an excessive loss of fluids and acts as a semipermeable barrier to the external agents. In the presented cases, the average area grafted per procedure was 153 cm2. The length of followup ranged from 0.5 to 1 year. The final results were considered to be good in 12 cases, fair in 3 cases, and poor in one case. This study suggests that the combination of wound bed preparation with application of the hyaluronic regenerative matrix can be a valid approach for treatment of partial thickness ulcers.
Enhancement of Antibacterial Activity of Capped Silver Nanoparticles in Combination with Antibiotics, on Model Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria
Authors: Kora Aruna Jyothi , Rastogi Lori
Published: July 2013

The nanoparticles used in this study were prepared from AgNO3using NaBH4in the presence of capping agents such as citrate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and polyvinylpyrrolidone. The formed nanoparticles were characterized with UV-Vis, TEM, and XRD. The generation of silver nanoparticles was confirmed from the appearance of yellow colour and an absorption maximum between 399 and 404 nm. The produced nanoparticles were found to be spherical in shape and polydisperse. For citrate, SDS, and PVP capped nanoparticles, the average particle sizes were38.3±13.5,19.3±6.0, and16.0±4.8 nm, respectively. The crystallinity of the nanoparticles in FCC structure is confirmed from the SAED and XRD patterns. Also, the combined antibacterial activity of these differently capped nanoparticles with selected antibiotics (streptomycin, ampicillin, and tetracycline) was evaluated on model Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, employing disc diffusion assay. The activity of the tested antibiotics was enhanced in combination with all the stabilized nanoparticles, against both the Gram classes of bacteria. The combined effects of silver nanoparticles and antibiotics were more prominent with PVP capped nanoparticles as compared to citrate and SDS capped ones. The results of this study demonstrate potential therapeutic applications of silver nanoparticles in combination with antibiotics.
Thrombospondin and VEGF-R: Is There a Correlation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease?
Authors: Wejman Jaroslaw , Pyzlak Michal , Szukiewicz Dariusz , Jarosz Dorota , Tarnowski Wieslaw , Szewczyk Grzegorz
Published: July 2013

Up to date several authors discussed interactions between cells forming inflammatory infiltrates in the course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), mainly dealing with endoscopic biopsy specimens. These usually contain only mucosa. We have evaluated full bowel wall sections, which seems to be especially important in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). The purpose of our study was to evaluate the relationship between vascular density and expression of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR-1) in full-thickness tissue fragments of intestinal wall taken from patients after colectomy, comparing those with IBD to non-IBD control group. Histological sections were immunostained with antibodies against CD-31, TSP-1, and VEGFR-1 and analyzed by pathologists with the use of computer-assisted morphometrics. Our research showed significantly higher vascular density and vascular area percentage in all layers of bowel wall in patients with CD when compared to control. We have also demonstrated differences in vascular density distribution between ulcerative colitis (CU) and CD and between CU and control. However we have not found statistically significant correlation between those findings and VEGFR-1 or TSP-1 expression. Our results might suggest existence of different, TSP-1 independent pathways of antiangiogenesis in IBD.
Optimizing Instruction Scheduling and Register Allocation for Register‐File‐Connected Clustered VLIW Architectures
Authors: Tang Haijing , Yang Xu , Wang Siye , Zhang Yanjun
Published: July 2013

Clustering has become a common trend in very long instruction words (VLIW) architecture to solve the problem of area, energy consumption, and design complexity. Register‐file‐connected clustered (RFCC) VLIW architecture uses the mechanism of global register file to accomplish the inter‐cluster data communications, thus eliminating the performance and energy consumption penalty caused by explicit inter‐cluster data move operations in traditional bus‐connected clustered (BCC) VLIW architecture. However, the limit number of access ports to the global register file has become an issue which must be well addressed; otherwise the performance and energy consumption would be harmed. In this paper, we presented compiler optimization techniques for an RFCC VLIW architecture called Lily, which is designed for encryption systems. These techniques aim at optimizing performance and energy consumption for Lily architecture, through appropriate manipulation of the code generation process to maintain a better management of the accesses to the global register file. All the techniques have been implemented and evaluated. The result shows that our techniques can significantly reduce the penalty of performance and energy consumption due to access port limitation of global register file.
Electroacupuncture Could Regulate the NF-κB Signaling Pathway to Ameliorate the Inflammatory Injury in Focal Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Model Rats
Authors: Qin Wen-yi , Luo Yong , Chen Ling , Tao Tao , Li Yang , Cai Yan-li , Li Ya-hui
Published: July 2013

The activated nuclear factor-KappaB signaling pathway plays a critical role in inducing inflammatory injury. It has been reported that electroacupuncture could be an effective anti-inflammatory treatment. We aimed to explore the complex mechanism by which EA inhibits the activation of the NF-κB signal pathway and ameliorate inflammatory injury in the short term; the effects of NEMO Binding Domain peptide for this purpose were compared. Focal cerebral I/R was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion for 2 hrs. Total 380 male Sprague-Dawley rats are in the study. The neurobehavioral scores, infarction volumes, and the levels of IL-1βand IL-13 were detected. NF-κB p65, IκBα, IKKα, and IKKβwere analyzed and the ability of NF-κB binding DNA was investigated. The EA treatment and the NBD peptide treatment both reduced infarct size, improved neurological scores, and regulated the levels of IL-1βand IL-13. The treatment reduced the expression of IKKαand IKKβand altered the expression of NF-κB p65 and IκBαin the cytoplasm and nucleus; the activity of NF-κB was effectively reduced. We conclude that EA treatment might interfere with the process of NF-κB nuclear translocation. And it also could suppress the activity of NF-κB signaling pathway to ameliorate the inflammatory injury after focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.
An Evaluation of a Novel Mask in Four Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Overlap Syndromes
Authors: Yarahmadi Alireza , Nader Nader D. , Zadeii Gino , Porhomayon Jahan
Published: July 2013

We present four cases of adults with obstructive sleep apnea in whom positive airway pressure therapy alone failed to provide adequate oxygenation. We have previously reported the use of dual mask for ventilatory support of a patient postoperatively (Porhomayon et al., 2013). Here, we report an evaluation of the dual mask in four patients with overlap syndromes. Application of dual mask provided adequate oxygenation with lower continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)/bilevel positive airway pressure (BIPAP) pressure levels.
Current Mode Full-Wave Rectifier Based on a Single MZC-CDTA
Authors: Pandey Neeta , Pandey Rajeshwari
Published: July 2013

This paper presents a current mode full-wave rectifier based on single modified Z copy current difference transconductance amplifier (MZC-CDTA) and two switches. The circuit is simple and is suitable for IC implementation. The functionality of the circuit is verified with SPICE simulation using 0.35 μm TSMC CMOS technology parameters.
Contact Mechanics of Rough Spheres: Crossover from Fractal to Hertzian Behavior
Authors: Pohrt Roman , Popov Valentin L.
Published: July 2013

We investigate the normal contact stiffness in a contact of a rough sphere with an elastic half-space using 3D boundary element calculations. For small normal forces, it is found that the stiffness behaves according to the law of Pohrt/Popov for nominally flat self-affine surfaces, while for higher normal forces, there is a transition to Hertzian behavior. A new analytical model is derived describing the contact behavior at any force.
Quality of Life in Alopecia Areata: A Sample of Tunisian Patients
Authors: Masmoudi Jawaher , Sellami Rim , Ouali Uta , Mnif Leila , Feki Ines , Amouri Mariam , Turki Hamida , Jaoua Abdellaziz
Published: July 2013

Background. Alopecia areata (AA) has a significant impact on the quality of life and social interaction of those suffering from it. Our aim was to assess the impact of AA on the quality of life.Methods. Fifty patients diagnosed with AA seen in the Department of Dermatology of Hedi Chaker University Hospital, between March 2010 and July 2010, were included. Quality of life was measured by SF 36; severity of AA was measured by SALT.Results. Eighty percent had patchy alopecia with less than 50% involvement, 12% had patchy alopecia with 50–99% involvement, and 8% had alopecia totalis. Compared with the general population, AA patients presented a significantly altered quality of life, found in the global score and in five subscores of the SF-36: mental health, role emotional, social functioning, vitality, and general health. Gender, age, marital status, and severity of alopecia areata had a significant influence on patients’ quality of life.Conclusions. This study indicates that patients with AA experience a poor quality of life, which impacts their overall health. We suggest screening for psychiatric distress. Studies of interventions such as counseling, psychoeducation, and psychotherapeutic interventions to reduce the impact of the disease may be warranted.
A Rare Side Effect due to TNF-Alpha Blocking Agent: Acute Pleuropericarditis with Adalimumab
Authors: Ozkan Hakan , Cetinkaya Ahmet Seckin , Yildiz Tekin , Bozat Tahsin
Published: July 2013

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonism is an important treatment strategy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, vasculitis, and ankylosing spondylitis. Adalimumab is one of the well-known tumor necrosis factor-alpha blocking agents. There are several side effects reported in patients with adalimumab therapy. Cardiac side effects of adalimumab are rare. Only a few cardiac side effects were reported. A 61-year-old man treated with adalimumab for the last 6 months due to psoriatic arthritis presented with typically acute pleuropericarditis. Chest X-ray and echocardiography demonstrated marked pericardial effusion. Patient was successfully evaluated for the etiology of acute pleuro-pericarditis. Every etiology was excluded except the usage of adalimumab. Adalimumab was discontinued, and patient was treated with 1200 mg of ibuprofen daily. Control chest X-ray and echocardiography after three weeks demonstrated complete resolution of both pleural and pericardial effusions. This case clearly demonstrated the acute onset of pericarditis with adalimumab usage. Acute pericarditis and pericardial effusion should be kept in mind in patients with adalimumab treatment.
Structure Effect of Diacid/Triacid on Self‐Assembly of Binary Organogels Based on Glutamic Acid Amino Derivative
Authors: Dai Jinming , Hong Wei , Di Youbo
Published: July 2013

The gelation behaviors of binary organogels composed of N‐(4‐aminobenzoyl)‐L‐glutamic acid diethyl ester with sebacic acid and citric acid in various organic solvents were designed and investigated. Their gelation behaviors in 20 solvents were tested as new binary organic gelators. It showed that the molecular structures and organic solvents have played a crucial role in the gelation behavior of all gelator mixtures. More carboxyl groups in molecular skeletons in the present mixture gelators are unfavorable for the gelation of organic solvents. The mixture containing sebacic acid can form 5 kinds of organogels, while another mixture containing citric acid can only form 3 kinds of organogels in different solvents. Morphological studies revealed that the gelator molecules self‐assemble into different aggregates from wrinkle and belt to fiber with change of solvents. Spectral studies indicated that there existed different H‐bond formations and hydrophobic forces, depending on solvents and molecular structures. The as‐prepared nanomaterials have wide perspectives in nanoscience and functional textile materials with special microstructures.