bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychological characteristics of children with visual impairments: learning, memory and imagery
Authors: Pring Linda
Published: April 2008

The performance of children (and sometimes adults) with visual impairments (VI) on a range of tasks that reflect learning, memory and mental imagery is considered in this article. Sometimes the evidence suggests that there are impairments in performance in comparison with typically developing children with vision, and sometimes some advantages emerge. The author's aim is to describe some of her own and others' findings and explore what they tell us about the cognitive characteristics of such children, so that progress with practical interventions can be advanced through understanding. The article starts by focusing on social-cognitive development and in particular considers the potential benefits of language in that development. This is followed by a review of some studies of learning and memory performance which provide a coherent picture of development without vision and finally ends with a consideration of spatial mental imagery.
Post-16 and post-18 transitions of young people with visual impairment in Wales
Authors: Keil Sue , Crews Nicola
Published: April 2008

This article gives an overview of a three-year qualitative study following the transition pathways of one blind and four partially sighted young people in Wales, beginning with the transition from compulsory to post-compulsory education at the age of 16. The study highlighted the inequity in provision for young people who remain in school sixth forms compared to those who enter a mainstream college of further education. It emphasized the key role played by the qualified teacher of the visually impaired during and after transition. Weaknesses in the process model of post-16 transition of young people with special educational needs outlined in the statutory guidance were also identified. Finally, the study found considerable divergence in the post-18 transition pathways of the five young people, with only one following, without deviation, the pathway mapped out in their original Transition Plan.
Social identity, autism and visual impairment (VI) in the early years
Authors: Dale Naomi , Salt Alison
Published: April 2008

This article explores how visual impairment might impact on early social and emotional development including self-awareness and communication with others. Some children show a 'developmental setback' and other worrying developmental trajectories in the early years, including autistic related behaviours and autistic spectrum disorders. Research is beginning to reveal the risk factors and most vulnerable processes in the early years, including in social communication, joint attention and joint referencing. The new Developmental Journal for Visually Impaired Babies and Children draws on the research to date and provides a new framework for early intervention and habilitation.
The segregated city in British and French colonial Africa
Authors: Njoh Ambe J.
Published: April 2008

A number of different techniques and rationales were used by the French and British colonial authorities to racially segregate cities in Africa - from the use of planning by-laws requiring European building materials, to the requiring of fluency in European languages in specific areas of towns. Here, the ways in which town planning policies were used to segregate cities in Madagascar, Congo, Guinea, Sierra Leone and Nigeria are considered.
Multiculturalism in Brazil, Bolivia and Peru
Authors: Arocena Felipe
Published: April 2008

The different strategies of resistance deployed by discriminated ethnic groups in Brazil, Peru and Bolivia are analysed here. In Brazil, Afro movements and indigenous populations are increasingly fighting against discrimination and developing their cultural identities, while demystifying the idea of Brazil's national identity as a racial democracy. In Peru and Bolivia, indigenous populations are challenging the generally accepted idea of integration through miscegenation (racial mixing). Assimilation through race-mixing has been the apparent solution in most Latin American countries since the building of the nation states. Its positive side is that a peaceful interethnic relationship has been constructed but its negative side, stressed in recent multicultural strategies, is that different ethnicities and cultures have been accepted only as parts of this intermingling and rarely recognised as the targets of discrimination.
`Black magic', nationalism and race in Australian football
Authors: McNeill David
Published: April 2008

In 1993, Aboriginal Australian rules footballer Nicky Winmar mounted a protest against racism in the game by approaching abusive supporters of an opposing team, lifting his jersey and pointing to his black skin. The now famous photograph which captured the incident condenses in a single image a key moment in the long history of struggle by Indigenous Australians for cultural recognition and economic equality. Taking the photograph as its cue, this article explores the ways in which Australia's residual white-settler culture continues to exclude certain groups from national belonging. In particular, it is argued that Winmar and other black sports stars of the early 1990s were able to challenge the unofficial code of `mateship' in Australian male culture which, more recently, has been an important bulwark of the country's post-9/11 neo-nationalist mood.
An exotic subversive: Africa, Africans and the Soviet everyday
Authors: Matusevich Maxim
Published: April 2008

The Leninist argument, that the class struggle of the European proletariat was intertwined with the liberation of the `toiling masses of the East', led to an official ideology of Soviet internationalism in which Africans occupied a special place. Depictions of the evils of racism in the US became a staple of Soviet popular culture and a number of black radicals, among them Langston Hughes, Paul Robeson and Claude McKay, flocked to the Soviet Union in the 1920s-30s, inspired by the belief that a society free of racism had been created. While there was some truth to this view, people of African descent in the Soviet Union nevertheless experienced a condescending paternalism, reflected also in their cinematic portrayal and in popular literature and folklore. With the onset of the cold war, young Africans were encouraged to study in Russia, where they received a mixed reaction and, on account of occasional conflict with the authorities and Soviet cultural norms, became symbols of dissent against official Soviet culture. Later, in the perestroika period, Africa became a scapegoat for popular discontent amidst a worsening climate of racism.
The beatification of Enoch Powell
Authors: Bourne Jenny
Published: April 2008

The reputation of Enoch Powell, the notorious Conservative politician forced out of the shadow cabinet in 1968 for his emotive, racist speeches, is being rehabilitated by Tory politicians and sections of the media.
Enhancement of Tendon-Bone Osteointegration of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft Using Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor
Authors: Sasaki Ken , Kuroda Ryosuke , Ishida Kazunari , Kubo Seiji , Matsumoto Tomoyuki , Mifune Yutaka , Kinoshita Keisuke , Tei Katsumasa , Akisue Toshihiro , Tabata Yasuhiko , Kurosaka Masahiro
Published: April 2008

Background

Whereas anterior cruciate ligament rupture usually requires reconstruction, the attachment between the tendon and the bone is the weakest region in the early posttransplantation period. In this process, the acquisition of appropriate vascularity is a key for early bone-tendon healing.

Hypothesis

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor has an effect on the maturation of bone-tendon integration of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Study Design

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods

Twenty-eight healthy adult beagle dogs underwent bilateral anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using the ipsilateral flexor digitorum superficialis tendon and were divided into 2 groups. A granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-incorporated gelatin surrounded the graft in the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor group, and the same gelatin without granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was used as the control group. Assessment was done at 2 and 4 weeks.

Results

Histological analysis at week 2 demonstrated that, in addition to more Sharpey fibers, microvessels were significantly enhanced in the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor group's grafts. Computed tomography at week 4 showed a significantly smaller tibial bone tunnel in the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor group. Real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed significantly elevated messenger ribonucleic acid expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and osteocalcin in the tibial bone tunnel and graft compared with controls. Furthermore, biomechanical testing of force during loading to ultimate failure at week 4 demonstrated a significant increase in strength in the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor group.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that a local application of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-incorporated gelatin significantly accelerates bone-tendon interface strength via enhanced angiogenesis and osteogenesis.

Clinical Relevance

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor has therapeutic potential in promoting an environment conductive to angiogenesis and osteogenesis in bone tunnels.
A Resiliency Profile of Hurricane Katrina Adolescents
Authors: Nelson Larry P.
Published: April 2008

Information about the psychological status of children following a natural disaster is rare. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation is to create a psychosocial profile of relocated Hurricane Katrina youth ( N = 83, ages 13 to 17) and integrate the findings into a growing body of literature on the psychological effects of disaster. Data were collected using the Resiliency Scales for Children and Adolescents. Findings indicate the population had overall below-average resiliency resources. The greatest of these resources are reflected in their ability to maintain a positive attitude, ask for and receive help, and solve problems. Other resiliency strengths emerged in the form of feeling calm and comfortable with people. Findings also indicate the population as showing above-average vulnerability and sensitivity to psychosomatic reactions, including high levels of impairment by and recovery from emotional upset. Suggestions for intervention are aimed at meaningful social support activities that emphasize the rebuilding of community via outdoor adventure education and service learning.
The Final Solution in Bulgaria and Romania: A Comparative Perspective
Authors: Hollander Ethan J.
Published: April 2008

Accounts of the Final Solution in Bulgaria and Romania often stress the differences between the two countries, attributing Bulgaria's relatively low victimization rate (18 percent) and Romania's relatively high one (approximately 50 percent) to differing levels of anti-Semitism or local attitudes toward Jews. This article argues that, broken down by region, Bulgaria and Romania were actually quite similar, in that both countries participated in the victimization of Jews in newly acquired territories while protecting those in the “home country.” By investigating the complex negotiations between Nazi Germany and local officials in each of these countries, the author shows that because of their close alliance with Nazi Germany (and not despite this), the governments of Bulgaria and Romania were both able to protect their own Jewish citizens. Both countries essentially traded loyalty in military and economic affairs for concessions, delays, and limitations in the Final Solution. This observation has fascinating moral implications, since it suggests that countries could only protect their own citizens by cooperating with Nazi Germany. It also illustrates that far from being passive subjects of coercion, weak states in imperial relationships can actually bargain to change the terms of their own subjugation. Imperial hegemony is partly a product of negotiation and international contracting, not unmitigated coercion.
Answering Vlasov's Call: Memory and Slovene Perceptions of the Osttruppen, 1945
Authors: Kranjc Gregor
Published: April 2008

Using archival evidence, this article reveals atrocities committed by the Varjag regiment, a nominal part of General Vlasov's anti-communist Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia, in Slovenia in the final months of World War II. The fact that the Varjag unit mistreated a civilian population that was generally supportive of the Slovene anti-communist domobranci (home guard) units challenges the myth of fraternal solidarity between the Third Reich's non-German collaborators that was trumpeted in domobranci wartime propaganda. As a corollary, this article also highlights the veil of silence that anti-communist Russian authors as well as anti-communist émigré Slovenes cast on these events from exile in the postwar period. The reticence of survivors to acknowledge or to speak of such events underscores the correlation between personal trauma and memory.
The Final Report on the Holocaust and the Final Report on the Communist Dictatorship in Romania
Authors: Cesereanu Ruxandra
Published: April 2008

On 22 October 2003, with the initiative of Romania's president Ion Iliescu, the International Commission for the Study of the Holocaust in Romania (ICSHR) was set up. Nobel laureate for peace and American writer of Romanian origin Elie Wiesel was appointed as its president. In spring 2006, with the initiative of Romania's president Traian Băsescu, the Presidential Commission for the Analysis of the Communist Dictatorship in Romania (CPADCR) was formed. Vladimir Tismăneanu, the American political scientist of Romanian origin, became its president. Both commissions were established with the purpose of producing a final report on the two forms of totalitarianism in Romania: the extreme right totalitarianism between 1940 and 1944, and the extreme left totalitarianism between 1944 and 1989. Both commissions rested on legal and ethical grounds and they addressed Romanians' expectations and dilemmas linked to their recent traumatic history.
Policing Via Principles: Reforming the Use of Force in the Western Balkans
Authors: Grillot Suzette R.
Published: April 2008

After a significant period of violent conflict in the Western Balkans, countries in the region, specifically Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Serbia-Montenegro, and the United Nations (UN) protectorate of Kosovo, have embarked on a process of democratic reform. Part of the democratization effort involves reforming the police force. One important, yet not often studied, aspect of police reform is the appropriate use of force with firearms. This study explores the process of police reform in the Western Balkan region to assess the implementation of the UN Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Officials. Ultimately, this study offers a view of law enforcement activities in an attempt to assess how well these countries are incorporating international standards on the use of force with firearms into their national police practices. In so doing, this research enriches our understanding of weapons issues within the context of security sector, and specifically police reform.
Post-Communist Transitional Justice in Albania
Authors: Austin Robert C. , Ellison Jonathan
Published: April 2008

The article provides a detailed and informative account of the transitional justice process in Albania and examines the logic behind the initiation of lustration process. Describing the accurate historical context of the country's communist past, the authors explain the factors that prevented the successful implementation of the post-communist transitional justice in Albania, such as its political culture, the impact of the communist regime, and most importantly, the lack of political will from Albanian political leadership to break away from its communist past. A pioneer in initiating transitional justice laws in the Balkans in the early nineties, Albania failed to successfully implement them, as the leadership saw the lustration process as a political means to crush the opposition and consolidate its power. The article explains that transitional justice process in Albania became highly politicized and was used by politicians for political gains, which ultimately led to loss of trust from general public failing to detach the Albanian political scene from its communist past.
Ismail Kadaré's The Shadow Literature, Dissidence, and Albanian Identity
Authors: Morgan Peter
Published: April 2008

In the article, Ismail Kadaré's 1986 novel, The Shadow, is analysed as a form of apologia pro vita sua about the deformations of life under a dictatorial regime. This interpretation demonstrates that Kadaré was a dissident in his own terms during the reign of the dictatorial regime and that this type of opposition was something different from the political and ideological critique of post-totalitarianism. Throughout his work, Kadaré has suggested the existence of an alternative Albania to that of the regime, intimating that the historical roots of his nation can give birth to different versions of Albanian identity to that propagated by the Albanian Party of Labour. Using the figure of the legendary Albanian hero, Konstantine, in The Shadow, The Twilight of the Steppe Gods, and elsewhere in his oeuvre, Kadaré links the contemporary problematics of dissidence and existential authenticity under the dictatorship to historical patterns of Albanian culture and individual existence.
Transcendence and History in Krzysztof Kieslowski's Blind Chance
Authors: Bradatan Costica
Published: April 2008

The article examines Krzysztof Kieslowski's Blind Chance ( Przypadek, 1981) as a film with a distinct philosophical significance. According to the interpretation proposed, in Blind Chance Kieslowski touches on both universal philosophical topics (death, meaninglessness, quest for certainty and truth, deciphering silence) and “local” themes (East-European historical pessimism, geography as destiny, “terror of history”). In spite of Kieslowski's self-declared religious agnosticism, Blind Chance could be—thanks even to the aesthetics of the film—read as a paradoxical theological statement, not so much about God per se, as about the necessity of his existence. In the same vein, the film occasions a series of meditations on historical fate and the role of geography in history, about hope and hopelessness, existential exhaustion, and legacies of silence.
Globalization and English Language Policy in Turkey
Authors: Kirkgöz Yasemin
Published: April 2008

It is widely acknowledged that globalization has made a considerable impact on multidimensional aspects of human life including the language policies of many countries. This article examines the adjustment of Turkey’s language policy in response to the global influence of English at different levels of Turkish national education, including its role in Turkish academia, as an indication of the status that English holds in the country by investigating the macro policy changes in connection with micro level implementations based on available research, official documents, and curriculum documents. The findings indicate that although there is much evidence pointing to the prominent role that English occupies in Turkish education system largely through the government’s planned language policy, there also exist problems at the instructional level largely due to the way in which English is propagated. Finally, implications for future direction of language policy, practice, and research are presented.
Psychoanalytic Theory and Psychology
Authors: Parker Ian
Published: April 2008

This special issue addresses a series of critical theoretical questions concerning the emergence and history of psychoanalysis in different cultural settings. Contributors from different parts of the world bring their particular local vantage points to bear on traditions of psychoanalysis, treated here as forms of clinical practice and as an array of cultural representations of internal mental states and social relations. The theoretical focus is on the status of psychoanalysis as a form of knowledge (positioned alongside and in contradistinction to psychology), on the nature of knowledge in psychology (of others by practitioners and researchers), and on forms of popularized self-knowledge (including the relationship between that self-knowledge and professional claims). The inclusion of such material in a psychology journal begs a series of questions about the relationship between psychoanalysis and psychology and the historical conjuncture at which it would seem appropriate to re-examine this relationship. This opens the way to a critical engagement with psychoanalysis in different parts of the world.
Freud and Jewish Identity
Authors: Frosh Stephen
Published: April 2008

The idea of psychoanalysis as a `Jewish science' remains contentious, raising important issues about the specificity of the conditions of emergence of any discipline, and concerns about essentializing claims to knowledge. This paper presents material relating to Freud's own thinking on his Jewish identity and its connections with the origins of psychoanalysis. It is argued that psychoanalysis was constructed out of the very specific social and cultural conditions of the Jews in Europe at the end of the 19th century, and that this has left its mark on psychoanalysis ever since. This does not mean that no other origins for psychoanalysis are imaginable; it is simply a statement of what actually happened, and what has to be faced.
On the Absence of a Presence/The Presence of an Absence
Authors: Gülerce Aydan
Published: April 2008

The emergence and development of psychoanalysis as a discipline and clinical practice in Europe and the birth of Turkey as a modern nation-state are synchronic events in the world's sociocultural and political history. In this article, I shall reflect on the establishment of psychoanalysis in Turkey by providing a brief historical account. I shall treat the belated entry of psychoanalysis as a sign of Turkey's somewhat unique modernization experience. While viewing Turkey's non-Western modernization struggle as the past/present/future conditions of (im)possibility for psychoanalysis, I also expect to hint at an alternative and psychoanalytically informed insight for the sociopolitical transformations of Turkish society. This article will briefly document some events through which psychoanalysis has evolved in Turkish society within a macro-historical context. I will make the case in favor of a few psychoanalytical concepts in understanding various local political discourses and their split communities in inter-dependence and dynamic co-construction.
Peer-Supported Storytelling for Grieving Pediatric Oncology Nurses
Authors: Macpherson Catherine Fiona
Published: April 2008

Telling stories about deceased patients to supportive peers is frequently mentioned as an activity used for meaning-making in anecdotal reports of clinical practice and the literature addressing nurses' experiences caring for dying children. This study examines peer-supported storytelling for grieving pediatric oncology nurses using a mixed methods single-group descriptive repeated measures design. Participants were 6 registered nurses from a tertiary care pediatric hospital inpatient oncology unit who self-identified as experiencing grief. Participants met in self-selected dyads for 2 storytelling sessions. Questionnaires were completed at baseline, midpoint, and study end. Sessions were audio-recorded. Participants reported (1) receiving and providing support during sessions; (2) that sessions had an impact on their grief; (3) that sessions had an impact on their meaning-making, and the explicit session focus on making sense of and identifying benefit in their experiences was particularly helpful. There was a significant positive correlation between participant report of number of special patient deaths during career and impact of sessions on grief.
A Dimensional Analysis of the Concept: Good Death of a Child With Cancer
Authors: Hendrickson Karrie , McCorkle Ruth
Published: April 2008

The death of a child is painful to all witnesses, but the experience varies among individuals, and differing perspectives lead to a variety of definitions for a good death. This analysis is undertaken to clarify the dimensions involved in a good death of a child with cancer and to examine them from 3 perspectives: the dying child, the child's family, and the health care providers.
Aberrant Expression of α-Fetoprotein in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: An Exceptional Occurrence
Authors: Vij Kiran , Wang Hanlin L.
Published: April 2008

A high level of serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) is typically indicative of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with liver lesions. In this article, we describe an exceptional case of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma that occurred in a 36-year-old man with a markedly elevated serum AFP level (12310.7 ng/mL). Histopathologic examination of surgically resected liver mass showed classic morphologic features of cholangiocarcinoma, with no hepatocellular carcinoma component identified. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were strongly and diffusely positive for AFP, CA19-9, and cytokeratin 19 and were negative for hepatocyte antigen. The patient's serum AFP level declined to 46.2 ng/mL 1 month after surgery. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented case of AFP-producing intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with immunohistochemical evidence confirming the tumor cells to be the source of high-level AFP production.
Ovarian Signet-Ring Stromal Tumor: A Potential Diagnostic Pitfall
Authors: Shaco-Levy Ruthy , Kachko Leonid , Mazor Moshe , Piura Benjamin
Published: April 2008

Signet-ring stromal tumor is a rare ovarian neoplasm with only 10 reported cases in the literature. We report an unusual case of ovarian signet-ring stromal tumor in a 69-year-old woman who presented with right adnexal mass and underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. The diagnosis was based on histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopy characteristics. The main significance is to differentiate this benign tumor from the highly malignant Krukenberg tumor, and this differential diagnosis is discussed.
Docetaxel-Induced Mitotic Arrest in Epithelium of Gallbladder: A Hitherto Unreported Occurrence
Authors: Melgoza Frank , Narula Navneet , Wu Mark Li-cheng
Published: April 2008

Chemotherapeutic agents that bind tubulin cause mitotic arrest, which may be seen histologically. Such mitotic arrest has been reported to occur in the skin, alimentary canal, lungs, liver, bone marrow, endometrium, breasts, or in ascites following treatment with paclitaxel, vincristine, colchicine, podophyllotoxin, or maytansine. Mitotic arrest as a result of docetaxel, a taxane that binds tubulin, has yet to be reported. Mitotic arrest in the gallbladder has also yet to be reported. We recently encountered a case of dramatic mitotic arrest as a result of docetaxel, involving the gallbladder of a 66-year-old man with metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma. Strikingly abundant bizarre mitoses initially prompted a diagnosis of primary carcinoma. Carcinoma was eventually excluded based on the absence of dysplasia in all cells at interphase and the history of recent administration of docetaxel. This is the first case of mitotic arrest involving docetaxel or the gallbladder. Awareness of this phenomenon is necessary to avoid misdiagnosing carcinoma.
Intestinal Clear Cell Sarcoma With Melanocytic Differentiation and Extraskeletal Myxoid Chondrosarcoma Rearrangement: Report of a Case
Authors: Abdulkader Ihab , Cameselle-Teijeiro José , de Alava Enrique , Ruiz-Ponte Clara , Used-Aznar María M. , Forteza Jerónimo
Published: April 2008

A clear cell sarcoma-like tumor with osteoclast-like giant cells of the gastrointestinal tract without immunoexpression of CD117 was recently proposed as a new tumor entity. In this article, a case of a 37-year-old man with a neoplasm of the jejunum composed of polygonal cells with clear to eosinophilic cytoplasm forming nests and fascicles is reported. Giant cells were not identified. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells expressed strongly S100 protein, human melanoma black 45, platelet-derived growth factor receptor α, B-cell lymphoma 2, p53, and to a lesser extent vimentin, neuron-specific enolase, and epithelial membrane antigen. Mindbomb homolog-1 index was 35%. Immunoreactivity for CD34 and CD117 was negative. The fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis showed a translocation involving chromosome 22q12, the diagnostic hallmark of clear cell sarcoma of soft tissues. This case indicates a close histogenetic relationship with the recently reported clear cell sarcoma with osteoclast-like giant cells of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as with the clear cell sarcoma of soft tissues.
Alpha-1-Antitrypsin-Positive “Signet-Ring” Bile Duct Adenoma in a Patient With MMALTON Mutation
Authors: Gambarotti Marco , Medicina Daniela , Baronchelli Carla , Bercich Luisa , Bonetti Fausta , Facchetti Fabio
Published: April 2008

A 65-year-old man with a colonic adenocarcinoma and a single small liver nodule underwent surgery. The nodule showed the histological features of a bile duct adenoma. Large eosinophilic, periodic acid-Schiff—positive diastase-resistant intracytoplasmic globules conferred a signet-ring appearance to the cells. Similar globules were found in the biliary epithelium in perinodular portal tracts, whereas smaller globules were detected in periportal hepatocytes. All globules showed strong immunoreactivity for alpha-1-antitrypsin, and the sequence of the alpha-1-antitrypsin gene showed a heterozygous Mmalton genotype. The selective recurrence of large alpha-1-antitrypsin globules within the bile ducts may indicate a neoplastic rather than a reactive or hamartomatous nature of the nodule.
Wolffian Tumor of the Ovary With a Prominent Spindle Cell Component: Report of a Case With Brief Discussion of Unusual Problems in Differential Diagnosis, and Literature Review
Authors: Fanghong Li  , Szallasi Arpad , Young Robert H.
Published: April 2008

An 87-year-old woman underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for endometrioid adenocarcinoma. At operation, a 4.5-cm partially solid and partially cystic right ovarian mass was identified. Frozen section showed a cytologically bland spindle cell proliferation reminiscent of cellular fibroma. Extensive sampling of the ovarian mass revealed a focus with the classic sieve-like pattern of a Wolffian adnexal tumor that merged with the fibroma-like appearance. The uterus showed well-differentiated, superficially invasive endometrioid adenocarcinoma arising in a background of atypical complex hyperplasia. Given the recent reports implying a therapeutic value for Gleevec (Novartis, Stein, Switzerland) (STI-571) in the treatment of Wolffian tumor of the ovary, paraffin immunostain for CD117 (c-kit) was performed that yielded negative results. Without further therapy, the patient was alive without disease 7 months after surgery. This case demonstrates the heterogeneity of Wolffian tumor of the ovary and shows how crucial sampling is in arriving at the correct diagnosis.
Bilateral Lipomastia in Men: A Side Effect of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Deonarain Julian , Ramdial Pratistadevi K. , Singh Bhugwan
Published: April 2008

Breast enlargement in men and women is a documented feature of the highly active antiretroviral therapy— associated human immunodeficiency virus lipodystrophy syndrome. The exact underlying histomorphological features of this condition are speculative because most cases are diagnosed on clinical grounds with or without radiographic confirmation. The main documented causes of breast enlargement in men on highly active antiretroviral therapy include gynecomastia and lipomastia; however, biopsy-confirmed lipomastia is a rarely described phenomenon, with only 1 such case being described to date. In documenting 2 patients who underwent bilateral mastectomy for clinical gynecomastia of unknown cause, we emphasize the need for a greater degree of clinicopathological awareness of highly active antiretroviral therapy—associated lipomastia and the role of the histopathologist in the informed management of patients afflicted with human immunodeficiency virus infection on highly active antiretroviral therapy.
Uterine Gestational Choriocarcinoma Developing After a Long Latent Period in a Postmenopausal Woman: The Value of DNA Polymorphism Studies
Authors: O'Neill Ciaran J. , Houghton Fionnuala , Clarke Jacqui , McCluggage W Glenn
Published: April 2008

This article reports a uterine gestational choriocarcinoma arising in a 57-year-old woman with a long latent period of 22 years from the last known pregnancy. Diagnosis was made on an endometrial biopsy specimen, and given the age of the patient, the long latent period, and the limited sample, trophoblastic differentiation within an endometrial carcinoma was considered. The results of DNA polymorphism studies illustrated both paternal and maternal alleles within the tumor in equal amounts, confirming the neoplasm to be gestational in origin and to have originated from a nonmolar gestation. The report discusses the value of DNA polymorphism studies in distinguishing gestational from nongestational choriocarcinoma and from trophoblastic differentiation within a carcinoma.
Marginal Zone B-Cell Lymphoma Among Primary B-Cell Lymphoma of Waldeyer's Ring: Histopathologic and Immunohistochemical Study of 16 Tonsillectomy Specimens
Authors: Kojima Masaru , Nakamura Naoya , Shimizu Kazuhiko , Tamaki Yoshio , Itoh Hideaki , Nakamura Shigeo
Published: April 2008

Two subtypes of marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (eg, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue [MALT] type and splenic type) have been reported in the lymph node. To determine the presence or absence of marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT type and the splenic type among Waldeyer's ring (WR) lymphomas, 16 tonsillectomy specimens were studied. Ten cases (63%) were marginal zone B-cell lymphoma. Among marginal zone B-cell lymphoma, 7 were the MALT type and the remaining 3 cases of marginal zone B-cell lymphoma were the splenic type. Moreover, 4 cases of 7 MALT-type lymphomas contained numerous large cells (diffuse large B-cell lymphoma arising from a low-grade marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT type). The low incidence of primary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type lymphoma of WR in previous reports may be because it is difficult to correctly identify the characteristic histologic findings of MALT-type lymphoma because of the small biopsy size.
Pseudo-Gaucher Cells in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Shenjere Patrick , Roy Ashok , Eyden Brian , Banerjee Saumitra S
Published: April 2008

A case of multiple myeloma is reported in which the bone marrow contained sheets of histiocytes with light microscopic features mimicking Gaucher cells. The patient had no clinical evidence of inherited Gaucher's disease. These pseudo-Gaucher cells obscured neoplastic plasma cells causing diagnostic difficulty.
Intracoronary Abciximab Use in Patients Undergoing PCI at a Community Hospital: A Single Operator Experience
Authors: Patel Sandeep S. , Rana Hiralal , Mascarenhas Daniel A. N.
Published: April 2008

Objective: To evaluate the safety of intracoronary (IC) abciximab during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Background: Adjunctive treatment with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, especially abciximab, during PCI has been shown to improve clinical and procedural outcomes in numerous studies. However, significant bleeding complications exist with its use and this has limited its standard use. Interest has grown in local (IC) use with studies showing safety and long-term effectiveness, especially in patients with high thrombus loads. Methods: A retrospective review of records in a database of patients who had PCI by a single operator at the Easton Hospital. Results: 611 patients received IC abciximab, and there were no complications in 610 (98.3%) patients; only 1 had an allergic reaction. Conclusions: IC abciximab is safe and has a unique role in the catheterization lab and in patients at high risk of bleeding complications who would benefit from its limited use.
Research Forum on Psychological Treatment of Adults With ADHD
Authors: Weiss Margaret , Safren Steven A. , Solanto Mary V. , Hechtman Lily , Rostain Anthony L. , Ramsay J. Russell , Murray Candice
Published: April 2008

Background: A literature search found five empirical studies of psychological treatment for adults with ADHD, out of 1,419 articles on ADHD in adults. Practice guidelines to date all recommend multimodal intervention, given that a significant number of patients cannot tolerate, do not respond to, or fail to reach optimal outcomes with medication alone. Method: This article provides a literature review and the recommendations of a forum of experts in the psychological treatment of adults with ADHD. Results: Empirical studies of brief, structured, and short-term psychological interventions for adults with ADHD to date demonstrate moderate to large effect sizes. Methodological challenges include selection of control groups, broad-based measures of outcome, and the need for larger samples. Conclusion: Psychological treatment may play a critical role in the management of adults with ADHD who are motivated and developmentally ready to acquire new skills as symptoms remit. (J. of Att. Dis. 2008; 11(6) 642-651)
Promoting the Generalization of Paraprofessional Discrete Trial Teaching Skills
Authors: Bolton Janice , Mayer Michele D.
Published: April 2008

This study investigated the effectiveness of a brief staff training procedure aimed at promoting the generalization of accurate implementation of discrete trial instruction from the training environment to the teaching environment. Three bachelor's-level paraprofessionals received classroom training using a training package that included didactic instruction, modeling, general case instruction, and practice with specific performance feedback. Participants were required to meet performance criteria of 98% accuracy or better to exit training. After successfully completing the training program, participants were followed into the treatment environment and shown to maintain a high level of treatment integrity in implementing varied discrete trial programs with children in early intervention and school-age services for periods of up to 23 weeks.
The Impact of Reentry Services on Juvenile Offenders' Recidivism
Authors: Bouffard Jeffrey A. , Bergseth Kathleen J.
Published: April 2008

Despite recent decline in juvenile crime, the formal processing and incarceration of juveniles has increased. Many incarcerated juveniles return to their communities with serious risk and need areas unaddressed, complicating their chances for successful reentry. Juvenile aftercare and/or reentry programs have emerged to address these youths' unique needs and the risk they pose to public safety. This study examined preliminary process and outcome indicators of a unique juvenile offender reentry program, including a strong mentoring component, compared to similar youth not receiving reentry services. The authors examined service delivery, as well as intermediate outcome measures and short-term recidivism outcomes, including time to first new offense and number of new official contacts within 6 months of release. Findings demonstrate that the program was delivered as intended, successfully created intermediate change in participants, and was modestly effective in reducing recidivism likelihood and increasing time to recidivism.
Moral muting in US newspaper op-eds debating the attack on Iraq
Authors: Porpora Douglas V. , Nikolaev Alexander
Published: April 2008

This article examines a distinct form of moral argumentation found to be common in a corpus of 500 editorials and opinion pieces written in 23 US newspapers and news magazines between August and October 2002 debating whether or not the US should attack Iraq. The purpose of the article is to delineate this communicative phenomenon, which we call moral muting . Moral muting occurs when a message either blunts the moral considerations involved in a case or presents an equivocal moral meaning. Moral muting overlaps with but is distinct from mitigation, and even when it involves mitigation, moral muting depends on devices that go beyond those generally associated with conversational mitigation. The examination of moral muting offered here contributes to a better understanding of moral communication in general and of the conduct of the American public sphere.
From cultural adaptation to cross-cultural discursive competence
Authors: Yunxia Zhu
Published: April 2008

Cross-cultural competence is often studied as part of the foreigner's one-way adaptation to the host culture while ignoring the dynamic nature of adaptation at the discourse level of interactions. To address this issue, this article proposes a conceptual model to study cross-cultural discursive competence exhibited in individual interactions in business settings. The model is based on relational empathy and genre theories and, in particular, it develops the notional concepts of `cultural space' and `text reconstruction' that stress a two-way cultural adaptation underpinned by building relational empathy and intercultural alliances. In addition, the study proposes that the triangulation of cultural, institutional and sociocognitive spaces is the key to understanding and interpreting text reconstruction as a dynamic process of two-way cultural adaptation. The three-space model is exemplified through an analysis of cross-cultural interactions that occurred at a business negotiation meeting.
Identification of Proteins Secreted by Malaria Parasite into Erythrocyte using SVM and PSSM profiles
Authors: Verma Ruchi , Tiwari Ajit , Kaur Sukhwinder , Varshney Grish C , Raghava Gajendra PS
Published: April 2008

Background

Malaria parasite secretes various proteins in infected RBC for its growth and survival. Thus identification of these secretory proteins is important for developing vaccine/drug against malaria. The existing motif-based methods have got limited success due to lack of universal motif in all secretory proteins of malaria parasite.

Results

In this study a systematic attempt has been made to develop a general method for predicting secretory proteins of malaria parasite. All models were trained and tested on a non-redundant dataset of 252 secretory and 252 non-secretory proteins. We developed SVM models and achieved maximum MCC 0.72 with 85.65% accuracy and MCC 0.74 with 86.45% accuracy using amino acid and dipeptide composition respectively. SVM models were developed using split-amino acid and split-dipeptide composition and achieved maximum MCC 0.74 with 86.40% accuracy and MCC 0.77 with accuracy 88.22% respectively. In this study, for the first time PSSM profiles obtained from PSI-BLAST, have been used for predicting secretory proteins. We achieved maximum MCC 0.86 with 92.66% accuracy using PSSM based SVM model. All models developed in this study were evaluated using 5-fold cross-validation technique.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that secretory proteins have different residue composition than non-secretory proteins. Thus, it is possible to predict secretory proteins from its residue composition-using machine learning technique. The multiple sequence alignment provides more information than sequence itself. Thus performance of method based on PSSM profile is more accurate than method based on sequence composition. A web server PSEApred has been developed for predicting secretory proteins of malaria parasites,the URL can be found in the Availability and requirements section.
Cloning and characterization of microRNAs from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Their expression during early embryonic development
Authors: Ramachandra Raghuveer K , Salem Mohamed , Gahr Scott , Rexroad Caird E , Yao Jianbo
Published: April 2008

Background

Current literature and our previous results on expression patterns of oocyte-specific genes and transcription factors suggest a global but highly regulated maternal mRNA degradation at the time of embryonic genome activation (EGA). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding regulatory RNAs (19–23 nucleotides) that regulate gene expression by guiding target mRNA cleavage or translational inhibition. These regulatory RNAs are potentially involved in the degradation of maternally inherited mRNAs during early embryogenesis.

Results

To identify miRNAs that might be important for early embryogenesis in rainbow trout, we constructed a miRNA library from a pool of unfertilized eggs and early stage embryos. Sequence analysis of random clones from the library identified 14 miRNAs, 4 of which are novel to rainbow trout. Real-time PCR was used to measure the expression of all cloned miRNAs during embryonic development. Four distinct expression patterns were observed and some miRNAs showed up-regulated expression during EGA. Analysis of tissue distribution of these miRNAs showed that some are present ubiquitously, while others are differentially expressed among different tissues. We also analyzed the expression patterns of Dicer, the enzyme required for the processing of miRNAs and Stat3, a transcription factor involved in activating the transcription of miR-21. Dicer is abundantly expressed during EGA and Stat3 is up-regulated before the onset of EGA.

Conclusion

This study led to the discovery of 14 rainbow trout miRNAs. Our data support the notion that Dicer processes miRNAs and Stat3 induces expression of miR-21 and possibly other miRNAs during EGA. These miRNAs in turn guide maternal mRNAs for degradation, which is required for normal embryonic development.
Multiway real-time PCR gene expression profiling in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals altered transcriptional response of ADH-genes to glucose stimuli
Authors: Ståhlberg Anders , Elbing Karin , Andrade-Garda José Manuel , Sjögreen Björn , Forootan Amin , Kubista Mikael
Published: April 2008

Background

The large sensitivity, high reproducibility and essentially unlimited dynamic range of real-time PCR to measure gene expression in complex samples provides the opportunity for powerful multivariate and multiway studies of biological phenomena. In multiway studies samples are characterized by their expression profiles to monitor changes over time, effect of treatment, drug dosage etc. Here we perform a multiway study of the temporal response of four yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with different glucose uptake rates upon altered metabolic conditions.

Results

We measured the expression of 18 genes as function of time after addition of glucose to four strains of yeast grown in ethanol. The data are analyzed by matrix-augmented PCA, which is a generalization of PCA for 3-way data, and the results are confirmed by hierarchical clustering and clustering by Kohonen self-organizing map. Our approach identifies gene groups that respond similarly to the change of nutrient, and genes that behave differently in mutant strains. Of particular interest is our finding that ADH4 and ADH6 show a behavior typical of glucose-induced genes, while ADH3 and ADH5 are repressed after glucose addition.

Conclusion

Multiway real-time PCR gene expression profiling is a powerful technique which can be utilized to characterize functions of new genes by, for example, comparing their temporal response after perturbation in different genetic variants of the studied subject. The technique also identifies genes that show perturbed expression in specific strains.