bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A construção identitária nas aulas de educação física
Authors: MONTEIRO MARCOS VINICIUS PEREIRA
Published: April 2017

RESUMO Este artigo discute a construção identitária e sua relação com as aulas de educação física valendo-se de significados construídos por estudantes. Influenciadas pela sociedade, as construções identitárias dos diferentes sexos são bastante díspares quanto às suas relações com as atividades físicas. Para buscar um melhor entendimento sobre o tema, são analisados o masculino e o feminino como criações culturais, às relações de gênero e poder e o processo de criação de corpos dóceis. O estudo foi realizado em uma escola estadual em Nova Iguaçu/RJ, e os dados foram obtidos por meio da realização de entrevistas com alunos/as do 3° ano do ensino médio. Após a utilização da técnica de análise de conteúdo, os resultados demonstraram que ao final do ensino médio, na escola estudada, a educação física auxilia na construção identitária dos/as alunos/as que representam o masculino como superior, naturalizando a sua maior participação e desempenho nas aulas da disciplina.
O formal, o não formal e as outras formas: a aula de física como gênero discursivo
Authors: CATARINO GISELLE FAUR DE CASTRO , QUEIROZ GLÓRIA REGINA PESSÔA CAMPELLO , BARBOSA-LIMA MARIA DA CONCEIÇÃO DE ALMEIDA
Published: April 2017

RESUMO Pesquisas têm enfatizado aproximações e diferenças entre a educação formal e não formal. Podemos afirmar que os dois tipos de educação são diferentes, requerendo uma formação, inicial e continuada, diferenciada para professores que desejem transitar nos dois espaços de educação. Entendemos que tal formação é possível e é realidade para licenciandos que assumem atividades em espaços não formais ligados à educação. Nosso objetivo, neste artigo, o qual faz parte de uma tese de doutorado, é compreender benefícios e obstáculos gerados no cotidiano de professores que transitam nos dois âmbitos de formação. A partir da análise da prática de um professor que traz na bagagem essa formação diferenciada, gerando uma prática híbrida, percebemos uma aula que entendemos pertencer a um gênero discursivo específico, diferente do formal e do não formal. Para isso, esboçaremos um referencial baseado nas ideias de Mikhail Bakhtin que nos possibilite pensar a aula como gênero discursivo.
Common Problems Affecting Supranational Attempts in Africa: An Analytical Overview
Authors: Fagbayibo Babatunde
Published: April 2017

Ever since the colonial era, attempts have been made throughout the various regions of Africa at building supranational units chiefly for administrative and legal convenience. Examples of such attempts include the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, the East African High Commission and the federations in former French West and Equatorial Africa, all of which were attempts at forging a supranational nation state. These experiments laid the foundation for further supranational initiatives in post-colonial Africa. In this respect, every region in Africa has either experimented with or is currently experimenting with the idea of supranational regional organisations. This article aims at investigating selected attempts at supranationalism on the continent, the successes and failures of such experiments, and the lessons to be learnt from them. As Africa embarks on the journey of solidifying its unity through the establishment of leviathan continental institutions, efforts should be geared towards building on the experiences of past and present experiments at the sub-regional level. Such experiments offer instructive lessons as they are rooted in similar historical and social contexts.
Recent Developments in the Provision of Pro Bono Legal Services by Attorneys in South Africa
Authors: Holness Dave
Published: April 2017

This paper focuses on legal service delivery for the indigent by attorneys in private practice acting pro bono in civil rather than criminal matters.  In this regard there have been and continue to be considerable gaps between the proper access to civil justice imperatives of constitutional South Africa and the status quo which has existed from the advent of a democratic South Africa until the present. Law as a vehicle for necessary positive change in the daily lives of South African residents is pertinently considered within the country’s woefully unequal socio-economic climate. This paper considers the role which pro bono work by private attorneys is playing and should play in promoting a more just and equitable society through proper access to justice. It explores the current position in South Africa as well as the position in selected foreign jurisdictions regarding pro bono services by attorneys in private practice in civil matters. Part of the discussion focuses on the question of whether pro bono work should be voluntary or mandatory. The merits of introducing a pro bono obligation are critically analysed by looking at the effect on both legal practitioners as well as those receiving the pro bono services. Having defined pro bono work, the practical need for pro bono work by lawyers in private practice is highlighted due to the dearth of legal aid in civil matters for indigent South Africans. Possible constitutional imperatives for the provision of free legal services in civil matters are highlighted. An important part of the paper is a reflection on some of the pro bono work being conducted by private firms of attorneys.  The paper concludes with suggestions on means for establishing a more effective pro bono system in South Africa.
Reasonable and Probable Cause in the Law of Malicious Prosecution: A Review of South African and Commonwealth Decisions
Authors: Okpaluba Chuks
Published: April 2017

The requirement that the plaintiff in an action for malicious prosecution must prove a lack of reasonable and probable cause to initiate, instigate or continue the prosecution on the part of the instigator or prosecutor is one of the four elements of that cause of action. It is a vital link between the lawfulness of the prosecution and the state of mind of the defendant. Again, whether a prosecution is wrongful or lawful depends on whether there was a reasonable and probable cause coupled with the animus iniuriandi of the defendant in instigating, initiating or continuing it. It is not whether the prosecutor possessed evidence to secure a conviction since that is for the trial court to decide after the conclusion of evidence; but, the honest belief by the prosecutor that, having carefully collected and objectively assessed the available information, the plaintiff was probably guilty of the crime. In coming to that decision the prosecutor must have grappled with both the subjective and objective elements in the exercise of that discretion. The Australian High Court judgment in A v New South Wales 2007 230 CLR 500 (HCA) has brought clarity to this aspect of the problem. However, as this paper contends, the ten-point guidelines enunciated by that court in that case and designed to provide the courts with a seemingly less complicated formula for determining if the prosecutor lacked reasonable and probable cause do not appear to have provided the panacea to the problem. Meanwhile, the distinct nature of the requirement of reasonable and probable cause is made clearer when it is compared with reasonable ground to arrest in the case of wrongful arrest and the tort of abuse of process. Also problematic and equally challenging is identifying where a reasonable and probable cause inquiry stops and malice begins. This is brought out in the attempt by the Supreme Court of Canada to unravel the tension between the proof of the existence of malice and reasonable and probable cause in the law of malicious prosecution in Miazga v Kvello Estate 2009 3 SCR 339 (SCC). The extent to which the guidelines laid down in these recent cases would have resolved the confusion in this field of the law is yet to be realised.
The Use of Official Languages Act: Diversity Affirmed?
Authors: Pretorius J Loot
Published: April 2017

A full sixteen years after the coming into force of the 1996 Constitution, Parliament responded to the constitutional obligation to regulate and monitor, by legislative and other means, the use of official languages by adopting the Use of Official Languages Act 12 of 2012. The Act represents a very limited normative appreciation of this constitutional instruction. The official language clause of the Constitution expresses a normative commitment regarding the positive affirmation of linguistic diversity, which is directly informed by and closely aligned to the core normative values of the Constitution. The Constitution’s positive evaluation of difference, including linguistic difference, inter alia, flows from the values of substantive equality, equal citizenship, dignity and proportionality. However, the way in which the Act institutionalises the promotion of inclusive linguistic diversity does not reflect an unambiguous recognition of this obligation being normatively embedded in the foundational value structure of the Constitution. The real responsibility for decisions regarding official language use is located in the policy-making competence of non-independent administrative bodies. The Act itself is devoid of instructive standards of its own to guide administrative decision-making regarding official language use. This results in the responsibility for making the most important normative choices regarding the use of official languages not being reserved for the legislative process, but entrusted to non-independent advisory administrative bodies. The nature of the Act confirms that it never was the intention of the government to be bound by legislation in this respect. This modus operandi is democratically deficient and compromises both the separation of powers and the principle of legal certainty as fundamental tenets of the rule of law.
The Child Justice Act: Procedural Sentencing Issues
Authors: Terblanche Stephan S
Published: April 2017

In this contribution a number of procedural issues related to the sentencing of child offenders and emanating from the Child Justice Act 75 of 2008 are considered in some detail. As a general rule, the Act requires pre-sentence reports to be obtained from probation officers before sentencing any child offender, with only a limited number of exceptions. The article argues that the peremptory nature of the Act means that a probation report is always required, even if reports by other experts are also available. The exceptions are limited to instances other than those where the child offender is sentenced to any form of imprisonment or to residence in a care centre. The article addresses the question of whether or not the reference to imprisonment includes alternative imprisonment which is imposed only as an alternative to a fine. It suggests that alternative imprisonment should, generally, not be imposed on child offenders. When an exception is not prevented because of the sentence, a pre-sentence report may be dispensed with only when the offence is a schedule-1 offence (the least serious class of offences) or when obtaining a report would prejudice the child. It is argued that these exceptions are likely to occur rather rarely. A final aspect of the Act’s provisions on pre-sentence reports is the requirement that reasons be given for a departure from the recommendations in a pre-sentence report. This requirement merely confirms the status quo.

 

The Act permits the prosecutor to provide the court with a victim impact statement. Such a statement is defined in the Act. It is a sworn statement by a victim or someone authorised by the victim explaining the consequences to the victim of the commission of the crime. The article also addresses the issue of whether or not the child justice court might mero motu obtain a victim impact statement when the prosecution does not do so.

 

Finally, the article addresses appeals against and reviews of the trial courts’ sentences. It notes that appeal by the child offender is made somewhat easier, as some child offenders need not obtain leave to appeal. These include children under the age of 16, or older children sentenced to imprisonment. Again, the meaning of “imprisonment” is at least somewhat ambiguous. The provisions on automatic review have attracted considerable judicial attention already. The majority of these judgments confirmed the apparently clear wording of the Act, in terms of which the cases of all child offenders under the age of 16 should be reviewed regardless of whether they were legally represented or of the sentence imposed. In the case of child offenders aged 16 or 17, only custodial sentences are reviewable. The judgments which found this to be an incorrect interpretation are dealt with in some detail, with the conclusion that they were incorrectly decided.
The Paradox of Migration and the Interests of the Atomistic Nation-States: The Southern African Perspective
Authors: Ngandwe Phazha Jimmy
Published: April 2017

The "paradox of migration and the interests of the atomistic nation-states" interrogates the phenomenon of migration in general and in the Southern African Development Community in particular. The point of departure of the paper is the African Union and the Southern African Development Community’s legal framework on migration, as read with the national legal instruments of the different member states. Its focal point is the raison d’être of this phenomenon of migration and the corresponding approaches and attitudes of the nation-states within which migration takes place inter se. This includes the psycho-social impact of migration. Internationally as well as regionally, States are concerned with issues of sovereignty, the preservation of the welfare of the citizenry, ensuring social cohesion social, cultural and economic development including job creation, and fighting against transnational organised crime, including terrorism. The theme of the paper is that whereas migration should form the bedrock of regionalism and globalisation, the negative attitudes of the nation-states to migration are more often than not at variance with the objectives of regionalism and globalisation. The central question of the research is how states can discharge their duties and obligations vis-à-vis their nationals without perpetuating the bottlenecks to and the stigma that attaches to migration and thereby upsetting the international as well as regional integration objectives of the free movement of people. This is the issue that the paper is intended to explore. The main areas of concern are that the negative attitudes of the nation-states are manifested in the hostile treatment of migrants at all ports of entry, including illegal or ungazetted points of entry, within the nation-states in general, and in their labour markets in particular. This research therefore explores the paradoxical nature of the duties and responsibilities of states within the migration and mobility discourse. The paper will conclude by making practical recommendations aimed at influencing policy and law.
To be or not to be? The Role of Private Enquiries in the South African Insolvency Law
Authors: Joubert Yvette , Calitz Juanitta
Published: April 2017

This article analyses the role of the so-called private examinations in our South African insolvency law and deals with the question of whether or not section 417 of the Insolvency Act (Act 24 of 1936) is adequately and effectively framed in order to fulfil its intended purpose in South African law. The contribution also points out that although the scrutiny of private examinations is not novel; it is argued that further exploration of the subject is justified by virtue of the fact that robust and innovative legislative changes have been experienced in the South African corporate landscape. Although the section has already passed the test of lawfulness and constitutionality, the aim is to ascertain whether the section serves a legitimate purpose and is essential and relevant in a democratic society. This is done by considering the South African law relating to South African private examinations and includes academic texts and judicial interpretation. Both section 417 of the Companies Act (Act 61 of 1973) and the matter of Kebble v Gainsford in particular are discussed. A brief comparative analysis of a similar provision in the Insolvency Act of the United Kingdom (UK), namely section 236 of the Insolvency Act 1986 is also included.

Finally recommendations are made on aspects where the section may be enhanced by reform which in part relies on the premise that South African insolvency law in toto is desperately in need of an overhaul. The article concludes that it is vital that section 417 be retained in a new insolvency regime as there is a greater awareness of the interdependence between companies and the society in which they function, and it is submitted that there should be an increased responsibility in the insolvency process on the reasons why companies have failed. The accessibility of the section to practitioners, the inquisitorial nature of the proceedings, the wide scope of the section and the effective sanctions should examinees not comply together combine to make a formula that has over the years proved impervious to circumvention and it therefore fulfils its function with prudent efficiency.
The Problematic Practical Application of Section 1(6) and 1(7) of the Intestate Succession Act under a new Dispensation
Authors: Jamneck Juanita
Published: April 2017

In recent years many developments have taken place in the field of the law of succession. Du Toit aptly states that "despite the static image that the law of succession often projects, it is a vibrant area of the law that has undergone dramatic changes in recent times and will continue to do so in future". This is indeed the case, as has been illustrated numerous times by the decisions in our courts as to the meaning of the word "spouse" and the recognition of the family as an important social institution. Although the family as an institution is not per se protected in the Constitution, our courts have recognised it as a vital social institution that comes in many different shapes and sizes and it has stressed that one form of family cannot be entrenched at the expense of other forms. As a result of various decisions on the meaning of the word "spouse" under a new dispensation, a Discussion Paper, in the form of Discussion Paper 129 (Project 25) Statutory law revision: Legislation administered by the Department of Justice and Constitutional Development (2011), has seen the light in order to suggest amendments to certain legislative provisions. Unfortunately certain issues covered in this Discussion Paper have not been clearly set out and need further investigation.
The Law and Practice of Criminal Asset Forfeiture in South African Criminal Procedure: A Constitutional Dilemma
Authors: Basdeo Vinesh
Published: April 2017

The deprivation of the proceeds of crime has been a feature of criminal law for many years. The original rationale for the confiscation of criminal assets at international level was the fight against organised crime, a feature of society described by the European Court of Human Rights as a "scourge" so that the draconian powers which are a feature of confiscation regimes around the world have been approved in circumstances which otherwise might have caused governments considerable difficulties before the international human rights tribunals.[1] The primary objective of this article is to determine if the asset forfeiture measures employed in the South African criminal justice system are in need of any reform and/or augmentation in accordance with the "spirit, purport and object" of the South African Constitution.[2] This article attempts to answer three questions. Firstly, why is criminal asset forfeiture important to law enforcement? Secondly, in which circumstances can property be forfeited and what types of property are subject to forfeiture? Thirdly, how is forfeiture accomplished, and what are its constitutional ramifications?
The New .Africa Top Level Domain: An African Initiative in Ensuring Africa's Rightful Place on the Global Network
Authors: Hurter Eddie , Pistorious Tana
Published: April 2017

The new gTLD programme of the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) is the single most important development since the privatisation of the DNS in 1998. The management of the Domain Name System (DNS) has developed from a modest undertaking to its current explosive expansion through the new gTLD programme. Africa has boldly entered the arena through the delegation of the .Africa gTLD.

This new development heralds an innovative era in the management of the DNS, especially for Africa. The dotAfrica gTLD launch strategy offers several advantages to African governments and traders alike. One of the innovative features of the management of dotAfrica is the fact that a broader set of rights including commercial, cultural, linguistic, religious and personal rights will be protected. Furthermore, African trade mark proprietors and other rights holders are protected, initially at least, by various innovative rights-protection mechanisms. This development is important for African governments and it should form an integral part of right holders' intellectual property management strategy.
Die Moontlike Regshervorming van die Integrasiereël in die Suid-Afrikaanse Kontraktereg deur middel van die Leerstuk van Rektifikasie
Authors: Bekker Thino
Published: April 2017

As far back as the early twentieth century the Appellate Division in Cassiem v Standard Bank of SA Ltd, held that:

“We are bound by the English rules of evidence and the question has therefore to be decided according to English law, the rule being that parol evidence is not allowed to alter, vary, or contradict a written instrument.”

The integration rule has always been an integral part of the South African law of contract where the admissibility of the presentation of extrinsic evidence of previous or collateral agreements was considered. In 1998 an extensive report was brought out by the South African Law Commission wherein certain recommendations were made to the Minister of Justice pertaining to, inter alia, the application of the integration rule in the South African law of contract. The Law Commission was of the opinion that the disadvantages of the integration rule outweighed the advantages of legal certainty and finality and recoomended that the rule be abolished and that more subjective evidence should be allowed to ascertain the true intention of the parties. The recommendations by the Law Commission however apparently died a slow death and there has been no attempt since to abolish or modify the rule in the South African legal system.

In 'n previous article the view was held that the integration rule is based on a legal rule or legal fiction and that it can therefore be validly abolished or modified by legislation.  Legislation is however a drastic step which should only serve as a last resort and other alternatives should first be considered. This article considers one such a possible alternative, namely the remedy of rectification. The focus will be in particular on a brief discussion of the application of the integration rule in the South African law of contract, the field of application and scope of rectification, the relation between rectification and the integration rule, and, lastly, if rectification can be utilised to avoid the strict application of the integration rule and consequently serve as an instrument for the (indirect) abolition or modification of the rule in the South-African law of contract. The conclusion is that the remedy of rectification would in all probability not in all instances be able to avoid the strict application of the integration rule and that legislation seems to be the only workable alternative to abolish or modify the integration rule in the South African law of contract.
Exemption Clauses and the Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008: An Assessment of Naidoo v Birchwood Hotel 2012 6 SA 170 (GSJ)
Authors: Mupangavanhu Yeukai
Published: April 2017

Exemption clauses are a rule rather than an exception particularly in standard-form contracts. Consumers are usually forced to accept such terms on a "take-it-or-leave-it" basis. This state of affairs shows that freedom of contract is theoretical and could lead to injustices. In Naidoo v Birchwood Hotel 2012 6 SA 170 (GSJ) the Court refused to uphold the exemption clauses based on the fact that it would have been unfair and unjust to the plaintiff who had sustained serious bodily injuries during his stay at the hotel. The article discusses this court decision in the light of the provisions of the Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 (CPA) against the background of the previous jurisprudence regarding exemption clauses, including the position of exemption clauses in a new constitutional dispensation.
CAPACIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE Y COMPUESTOS BIOACTIVOS DE UN FILTRANTE DE CINCO HIERBAS AROMÁTICAS Y ESTEVIOSIDO (Stevia rebaudina B)
Authors: Jumbo Benítez Nohemi Carmen , Guevara Pérez Américo
Published: April 2017

Se estudió la variación de la capacidad antioxidante y compuestos fenólicos de hierbas aromáticas durante el proceso para obtener un filtrante con esteviósido como edulcorante natural y se encontró que las hierbas aromáticas aumentan su capacidad antioxidante reportando en mM Trolox /100g b.s.: hierba luisa 2.049; 5.42 y 5.45, menta 4.847; 12.40 y 12.37, malva 1.011; 2.83 y 2.97, malva olorosa 5.354; 35.40 y 36.74, cola de caballo 1.254; 4.01; 4.6; en las etapas de materia prima, secado y molienda respectivamente; la malva olorosa presentó el mayor contenido de capacidad antioxidante. Las Hierbas aromáticas aumentan los compuestos fenólicos durante el proceso de obtención del filtrante reportando en mg de ácido gálico/100g de muestra b.s: hierba luisa 1745.1; 2631.29 y 2706.48, menta 5601.42; 6989.91y 7063.26, malva 4058.79; 6038.63y 5881.26, malva olorosa 5150.44; 6669.02 y 6606.38, cola de caballo 645.68; 1017.08 y 1048.40; en las etapas de materia prima, secado y molienda respectivamente; la menta fue la que presentó el mayor contenido de compuestos fenólicos; la mejor dosificación de esteviósido es aplicando 5%  respecto a las hierbas y que la mejor formulación del filtrante. El filtrante que reporto la siguiente composición físico-química: humedad 5.69 %, proteínas 12.79%, grasa 2.39%, carbohidratos 48.3%, cenizas 14.01%, fibra 16.82% compuestos fenólicos 2973.76 mg de ácido gálico/100g de muestra b.s. y capacidad antioxidante 7.34mM Trolox/100g b.s., el valor de monocapa molecular: 0,073g de agua/g b.s. correspondiente a una actividad de agua  (aw) de 0.219

Palabras claves: Compuestos fenólicos, capacidad antioxidante.
Motivaciones y obstáculos para el enprendedurismo: una perspectiva de género desde los jóvenes universitarios
Authors: García Uribe Emmanuel Francisco , Ordóñez Molinar Larisa , Avilés Guillén Edgar
Published: April 2017

Cuando se habla de emprendimiento, no se puede pasar por alto la equidad de género. Se cree que la escasa implicación de las mujeres en  iniciativas emprendedoras se basa entre otros, en una mayor cantidad de obstáculos en comparación con los hombres, así como la diferencia en motivaciones entre ambos géneros. Es por eso que surge la pregunta, si las diferencias presentadas en estudios similares en distintos países del mundo también se dan en México, es decir si existe una diferencia significativa en las motivaciones y obstáculos para emprender un negocio entre mujeres y hombres universitarios.
Este artículo hace un recorrido por conceptos que definen al emprendimiento, así como características personales del emprendedor que, sumados a políticas, programas e instituciones logran construir un entorno adecuado para la creación de nuevas empresas. Este trabajo, es una investigación cuantitativa de tipo correlacional, con un horizonte transversal, donde se tiene como objeto de estudio a estudiantes de la Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez. La evidencia sugiere que sí existe una diferencia significativa en las motivaciones para emprender un negocio entre hombres y mujeres que estudian en la Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez. Por el contrario, los obstáculos, no presentan una diferencia significativa entre los grupos
Results of surgical treatment of Peyroni’s disease
Authors: Moscaleva Yuliya S , Korneyev Igor A
Published: April 2017

Surgical methods of treatment of Peyronie’s disease by plication corporoplasty proved to be effective in the near and distant postoperative periods in the examined group of patients. These methods made it possible to quickly achieve the normalization of the shape of the penis without affecting the erectile function which enabled for patients to restore copulative activity and improve the quality of life.
Across the Arid Diagonal: deglaciation of the western Andean Cordillera in southwest Bolivia and northern Chile
Authors: Ward D. , Thornton R. , Cesta J.
Published: April 2017

Here we review published cosmogenic records of glaciation and deglaciation from the western cordillera of the arid subtropical Andes of northern Chile and southwest Bolivia. Specifically, we examine seven published studies describing exposure ages from moraines and glaciated bedrock spanning the glaciological Arid Diagonal, the region of the dry Andes where there is no clear evidence for glaciation over at least the last global glaciation. We also present new cosmogenic 36Cl exposure ages from two previously undated sets of moraines in the deglaciated region near 22ºS. Taken together, these records indicate that the most extensive regional glaciation occurred ca. 35-45 ka, followed by slow, punctuated retreat through the global last glacial maximum, and rapid retreat after ~15-17 ka. In the vicinity of the large Altiplanic lakes that existed during the late glacial stage, the 15-17 ka moraines overrode the earlier moraines, whereas elsewhere regionally, on both sides of the Arid Diagonal, late glacial wet periods are represented only by less-prominent moraines in more retracted positions.
Bladder pain syndrome from urogynecological point of view: a narrative
Authors: Shebl Salah E. , Dawood Ayman S. , Dawood Abdel-Ghaffar S.
Published: April 2017

Hypothesis: bladder pain syndrome (BPS) presents by both urological and gynecological symptoms. The gynecological symptoms include chronic persistent pelvic pain, dyspareunia and decreased libido on the other hand urological symptoms include wide variety of symptoms as bladder discomfort, dysuria, frequency, and urgency. Although, the definition and diagnostic criteria for the condition was established, the pathogenesis, etiology and histologic findings of BPS are still not fully understood and diagnosis is made by exclusion. Review of published data including both gynecological and urological articles focusing on the updates in the diagnostic tests, pathology and the recent therapies. The searched words were bladder pain syndrome, interstitial cystitis and painful bladder. The free full text article found after our search were 454 articles after exclusion of deficient article not covering the whole subject, 91 articles were enough for this work to be completed. From this review, Bladder pain syndrome is still unclear disease lacking curative therapy up till now and patients are still suffering and the mixed complex symptoms put further challenge on both urologists and gynecologists to solve the problem.
Evaluation of the use of birth control followed in women's hospital regional Saint Louis (Senegal) in 2014
Authors: Thiam Ousmane , Cissé Mamadou Lamine , Ninag Mansour , Gueye Mamour , Diouf Abdou Aziz , Tourade SARR Cherif Cheikh , Sambou Aly , Moreau Jean Charles
Published: April 2017

Background: To evaluate the use of contraceptive methods among women followed at Saint Louis Health Centre.Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of all recue clients in the Obstetrics and Gynecology department of the Regional Hospital of St. Louis. She ran from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2014, 12 months.Results: The mean age was 28.8 years. The most common demographic characteristics were the Wolof ethnic group (64.5%), married the marital status (97.9%), they were not in school in 46.3%. The main sources of information on the use of contraception were health workers in 80.3%, friends and relatives (8.5%) followed by husbands (2.5%), the media represented 6 0% and 0.1% posters. The injection method was the most used method (42.8%) followed by implants (36.2%), pills (14.9%) and tubal ligation (4.4%). The IUD was the least used method with 1.7% of use. The main reasons given by women were spacing births (70.6%), to avoid unwanted pregnancy (3.90%), avoid early pregnancies (1.20%) and of other unspecified reasons in 24.3%. In this study, no accidental pregnancy was reported. Indeed, 79.4% of women had respected the monitoring schedule of monitoring visits. They had abandoned contraception in 23.5%.Conclusions: This study shows the achievements and shortcomings in relation to the nature and completeness of the information provided. Strengthening the awareness and training will reduce missed opportunities for family planning, and indirect; reduce the rate of unmet need for FP in our country.
Reproductive outcomes following robotic myomectomy
Authors: Shaia Kathryn L. , Sekhon Lucky H. , Rosen Leigh , Robbins Alicia , Astill Nicole , Ascher-Walsh Charles
Published: April 2017

Background: To assess pregnancy outcomes of patients following robotic myomectomy.Methods: Retrospective chart review was performed of 336 patients following robotic myomectomy at a university hospital from June 2006 to May 2013. Patients were called to obtain delivery outcomes.Results: Three hundred and thirty-six women had the following: mean age of 41.97 +/- 12.3 years (range 24-55), mean BMI of 24.6 +/- 4.96, mean of 3.37 +/- 3.1 fibroids removed (range 1-21), and mean weight of 352.28 +/- 339.56 grams of fibroids removed. Approximately 66.9% (N=250) provided pregnancy outcome data with 119 (47.6%) attempting pregnancy after surgery. Eighty-three (69.7%) achieved a total of 91 pregnancies. Less than half of these patients underwent cesarean section, and no cases of uterine rupture. Eighty-seven patients had known infertility pre-surgery; 22 underwent intrauterine insemination resulting in 12 pregnancies, and 34 underwent in vitro fertilization resulting in 25 pregnancies. A total of 53 (60.9%) of patients with infertility achieved 60 total pregnancies.Conclusions: The fertility rate after robotic myomectomy for patients attempting to conceive (69.7%) and for those with known infertility who continued to attempt pregnancy postoperatively (60.9%) were similar. There was a low incidence of complications associated with pregnancies conceived after robotic myomectomy.
Results of the multicentric management of infertility couples in Abidjan (Cote d’Ivoire)
Authors: Dia Jean Marc , Sy Telly , Bohoussou Eric , Oyeladé Mouhideen , Okon Gerard , Guié Privat , Anongba Simplice
Published: April 2017

Background: The management of infertile couples has seen many advances characterized today by the different techniques of medically assisted procreation (MAP) that are increasingly practiced in the developed countries. The objective of present study is to describe our experience of multicentric management of infertile couples in our ivorian context.Methods: This is a retrospective and cohort study with descriptive purpose over 210 couples treated for infertility in the gynecology services of the University and Hospital Center of Treichville and a private clinic in Abidjan, from 1st February 2013 to 31st January 2017 (48 months).Results: The frequency of infertility was 14%, and the average age was 34.3 years for women and 43.2 years for men. The etiologies were found in 199 couples (94.8%), particularly in 136 women and 113 men. The main causes were uterine (58.1%), and hormonal (26.5%) in women and of infectious origin in men (79.7%). The majority of the patients (113 women and 97 men) received an etiologic treatment, dominated by myomectomia in women (67 patients) and targeted antiobitherapy in men (84.5%). Moreover 113 couples (53.8%) received a medically assisted procreation. After the management 110 couples (52.4%) got pregnant.Conclusions: The multicenter management has enabled infertile couples to have access to modern methods in their care.
Retrospective study of cases of rupture uterus
Authors: Arora Manju , Jindal Sunita , Gupta Sangeeta
Published: April 2017

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors, clinical presentation, management, maternal and perinatal outcome of patients with rupture uterus.Methods: In this study, clinical records of 14 cases of rupture uterus occurring between January 2001 to August 2004 were reviewed.Results: During this period 17312 deliveries were conducted and 14 cases of rupture uterus were managed. Incidence of rupture uterus was 0,8/1000 deliveries. In 10/14 (71.4%) of cases, rupture occurred in scarred uterus (either of cesarean delivery or of any surgery).9/14 (64.2%) women had rupture of previous cesarean section scar and 4/14 (28.5%) women had rupture of unscarred uterus .7/14 (50%) women had more than one risk factor responsible for rupture uterus. 10/14 (71.4%) women were unbooked.10/14 (71.4%) women had subtotal hysterectomy; 4/14 (28.5%) had repair of scar site. Invariably blood had to be transfused in every case per and post-operatively.6/14 (42.8%) of fetuses could be salvaged; in 7/14 (50%) women; there was intrauterine death, while another (7.14%) woman had preterm neonatal death.Conclusions: Uterine rupture is a preventable complication. In our study, most of women had no antenatal check-up and/or managed initially by untrained personnel. Antenatal and intranatal care, identification of high-risk cases and education of the people about supervised pregnancy and delivery will reduce the occurrence of uterine rupture.
Appropriateness of hysterectomy for various indications
Authors: Bajpai Surabhi A.
Published: April 2017

Background: To study appropriateness of hysterectomy for various indications by evaluating the referred cases for hysterectomy as per standard norms and calculating number of hysterectomies which were not indicated.Methods: A prospective study consist of analysis of 110 cases which were advised hysterectomies in different hospitals due to various indications and number of cases who were managed conservatively in these 110 cases and did not required hysterectomy ultimately.Results: There was significant difference in number of cases who were advised hysterectomies and number of cases who actually needed a hysterectomy. Most of cases were advised hysterectomy just on the basis of patient’s complaints with no consideration to age, parity and without proper evaluation as per standard norms.Conclusions: It was found that only 27.27% of cases who were advised hysterectomies actually needed hysterectomy for indications like symptomatic fibroid, severe dysplasia, resistant cases of AUB and intractable pain due to adenomyosis and 72.73% of cases were managed conservatively and indications for which hysterectomy was advised in such cases were inappropriate.
Awareness about reproductive health, contraceptive methods, STDs including HIV/AIDS, and HPV vaccine, among adolescent girls in district Faridkot in Punjab
Authors: Grover Seema , Garg Nishi , Rupali Rupali , Kaur Balpreet
Published: April 2017

Background: Adolescents are more vulnerable than adults to unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS. Female adolescents have a higher risk of contracting an STD than their male counterparts. Hence creating awareness in them about reproductive health is the need of the hour.Methods: This was a cross sectional school based Study which was conducted in various schools of Faridkot city of Punjab where 400 Adolescent girls of class 11th and 12th age between 16-19 years, studying in English medium schools in district Faridkot through predesigned multiple choice questionnaires.Results: In our study, most of the girls (67%) were not aware about the meaning of reproductive health. Amongst contraceptive methods, 62.5% knew about condoms. The awareness about STDs was highest about HIV/AIDS (70.75%) and low (less than 20%) for other STDs. They also scored low about symptoms and route of transmission of STD’s. Only 17% of the girls knew about HPV vaccine. Attitude towards sex education was positive.Conclusions: Poor knowledge in girls about Reproductive Health and STDs (other than HIV/AIDS) is of serious concern. Therefore, education about reproductive health should be incorporated in the curriculum which should be given through teaching, interpersonal communication, television, health camps and specialist.
Evaluation of vitamin D3 in patients of polycystic ovary syndrome and their correlation
Authors: Chauhan Rooplekha , Sahani Sonal , Garg Ankita
Published: April 2017

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is enigma faced by young females since the onset of urbanization. As on day, PCOS is the most common endocrine disorder in the women of reproductive age affecting 4-10%. This study done to measure serum vitamin D3 levels of PCOS patients and to identify its association with factors associated with various symptoms and signs in PCOS.Methods: Institutional based prospective observational study conducted on 70 patients of PCOS, both suspected and already diagnosed, attending gynecology OPD of Department of obstetrics and gynecology of NSCB Medical College Jabalpur from 1 March 2015 to 31 August 2016. Diagnosis of PCOS was made by Rotterdam 2003 criteria. A detailed assessment was done and preformed proforma was filled. Serum Vitamin D3 levels were estimated by standard lab technique ‘Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry’ and categorized into vitamin D3 sufficient >30ng/dl, insufficient 20-29ng/dl and deficient <20ng/dl. Categorical data was coded numerically before the analysis. For comparison of frequency distribution chi square test or fisher’s exact test were applied as appropriate.Results: Prevalence of Vitamin D3 deficiency in patients of PCOS was found to be 84.3%.Conclusions: The present study concludes that there is correlation between vitamin D3 and PCOS, screening and correction of vitamin D3 deficiency may prevent PCOS and its manifestations. Hence, it is speculated that improvement of vitamin D3 levels at a younger age can contribute to prevention of PCOS.
Study of the obstetric outcome of breech presentation in pregnancy in a tertiary hospital in a rural area in Telangana, India
Authors: Kothapally Kavitha , Uppu Archana , Gillella Vijayalakshmi
Published: April 2017

Background: The present study was undertaken to study the incidence, aetiology and obstetric outcome of breech presentation in pregnancy in a teaching hospital in a rural area.Methods: The present retrospective observational study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology at Bhaskar Medical College and Bhaskar General Hospital, Yenkepally, Telangana from May 2014 to March 2017. 50 cases of breech presentation were included in the study. Demographic data like age, parity, gestational age of first detection of breech, aetiological factors of breech, mode of delivery, neonatal outcome were noted from case records.Results: The incidence of breech was 1.4% in pregnancies attending Bhaskar general hospital. 74% were in the age group of 20-24yrs & 20% were in the age group of 25-29yrs. Primis accounted for 62% of the study group. Common etiologies of breech presentation were oligohydramnios (28%) and uterine anomalies (28%). No obvious fetal anomalies were noted. Majority (96%) of cases were delivered by caesarean section for breech associated with oligohydramnios, gestational hypertension, intrauterine fetal growth restriction and preterm. Neonatal outcome was good in breech delivered by caesarean section.Conclusions: Breech delivery is a high risk pregnancy with adverse fetal outcomes during pregnancy and labour. Though caesarean section for breech presentation is not universally recommended, caesarean section can reduce the perinatal mortality and morbidity compared to vaginal birth for term breech pregnancy. Mode of delivery should be decided based on the case and obstetrician’s skill.
Study of causes and facility based lags in a tertiary care hospital contributing to maternal mortality
Authors: Nayak Ajit Kumar , Dhivya S. , Afzal Tajma
Published: April 2017

Background: Maternal death is a tragic situation as these deaths occur during or after a natural process like pregnancy. By addressing the three levels of delays i.e., delay in seeking care, delay in reaching care and delay in receiving care; it can be prevented to a fair extent.Methods: All maternal deaths occurred in SCB Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack between September 2015 to September 2016 included in the study, Antepartum and postpartum events were documented as per the proforma. Opinions of respective faculties regarding diagnosis, treatment, possible preventable factors and any delays and lapses at our set up were obtained.Results: There were 10060 live births and 121 maternal deaths, giving the hospital based incidence of maternal mortality as 12.02 per 1000 live births. 42.98%, 6.61% and 50.41% of death were due to Level I, Level II and level III delays respectively. The delays due to unavailability of appropriate facilities in our institution are highlighted. Lack of ICU facility accounted 37.19% deaths. Unavailability of blood, a delay in surgery, delayed multispecialty referral and required investigation follow it. 91.7%. deaths were preventable.Conclusions: Hypertension, Obstetric hemorrhage, liver and kidney diseases were mainly responsible for maternal mortality. Facility based maternal death review system help in finding out the constraints in the existing system. It brings a sense of responsibility in all stake holders involved in delivery of MCH care. It is feasible and cost effective strategy to reach Millennium Development target 5 in extended time frame.