bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An augmented stress‐based mixed finite element method for the steady state Navier‐Stokes equations with nonlinear viscosity
Authors: Camaño Jessika , Gatica Gabriel N. , Oyarzúa Ricardo , Ruiz‐Baier Ricardo
Published: June 2017

A new stress‐based mixed variational formulation for the stationary Navier‐Stokes equations with constant density and variable viscosity depending on the magnitude of the strain tensor, is proposed and analyzed in this work. Our approach is a natural extension of a technique applied in a recent paper by some of the authors to the same boundary value problem but with a viscosity that depends nonlinearly on the gradient of velocity instead of the strain tensor. In this case, and besides remarking that the strain‐dependence for the viscosity yields a more physically relevant model, we notice that to handle this nonlinearity we now need to incorporate not only the strain itself but also the vorticity as auxiliary unknowns. Furthermore, similarly as in that previous work, and aiming to deal with a suitable space for the velocity, the variational formulation is augmented with Galerkin‐type terms arising from the constitutive and equilibrium equations, the relations defining the two additional unknowns, and the Dirichlet boundary condition. In this way, and as the resulting augmented scheme can be rewritten as a fixed‐point operator equation, the classical Schauder and Banach theorems together with monotone operators theory are applied to derive the well‐posedness of the continuous and associated discrete schemes. In particular, we show that arbitrary finite element subspaces can be utilized for the latter, and then we derive optimal a priori error estimates along with the corresponding rates of convergence. Next, a reliable and efficient residual‐based a posteriori error estimator on arbitrary polygonal and polyhedral regions is proposed. The main tools used include Raviart‐Thomas and Clément interpolation operators, inverse and discrete inequalities, and the localization technique based on triangle‐bubble and edge‐bubble functions. Finally, several numerical essays illustrating the good performance of the method, confirming the reliability and efficiency of the a posteriori error estimator, and showing the desired behavior of the adaptive algorithm, are reported. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 33: 1692–1725, 2017
A gateway to tune the mechanical properties and surface features of silicone rubber
Authors: Bindu M. , Unnikrishnan G.
Published: June 2017

We report the modification of mechanical and surface features of silicone rubber (SR) by using hydroxylapatite nano‐particles (n‐HA). The n‐HA particles with an average particle size of 19 nm were initially synthesized, by a wet chemical method, and characterized by FTIR and XRD examinations. They were subsequently introduced into SR quantitatively by two‐roll milling and compression moulding. The effect of n‐HA loading on the cure, mechanical properties, morphology, surface roughness and surface free energies of the systems so derived were evaluated. Cure studies show that both the cure time and maximum torque of SR increase with an increase in n‐HA content in it. Mechanical properties of SR have been found to be considerably enhanced, upon loading it with 8 phr n‐HA. The significant reinforcement observed has been attributed to the uniform dispersion of n‐HA in the SR matrix and energetically favored SR‐n‐HA interactions. The interactions have further been confirmed by FTIR analyses. AFM studies indicate an increase in surface roughness of SR with n‐HA loading. Goniometric examinations show an elevation in surface energy with increase in n‐HA content in SR matrix. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:E35–E45, 2019. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Optimizing Antipsychotic Patient Management Using Population Pharmacokinetic Models and Point‐of‐Care Testing
Authors: Green B , Korell J , Remmerie B , Savitz A , Vermeulen A
Published: June 2017

Schizophrenia is a common disease, characterized by progressive functional decline exacerbated by psychotic relapses that often result from a lack of full adherence to antipsychotic (APS) medication. Although atypical APS medications do not have clear therapeutic windows, as generally required for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), measuring APS plasma levels in the context of a population expected range at the point‐of‐care (POC) may provide valuable clinical insights for differentiating lack of efficacy from a lack of adherence to medication.
7‐3: A Low‐Power and High‐Stable TFT Gate Driver With a Novel Bootstrap Scheme
Authors: Ma Yihua , Liao Congwei , Xie Ruibin , Zhao Qiang , Zhang Shengdong
Published: June 2017

A novel bootstrap method is proposed, which can significantly
reduce the clock feedthrough effect and the dynamic power
consumption. An ESL a‐IGZO TFTs based gate driver using
this technique is designed. It is shown that the ripple voltage
and the power consumption of the proposed driver are only
22.9% and 23.86% of those of the earlier driver.
11‐1: Invited Paper: Towards the Ultimate Mixed Reality Experience: HoloLens Display Architecture Choices
Authors: Kress Bernard C. , Cummings William J.
Published: June 2017

HoloLens by Microsoft Corp. is the world’s first untethered
Mixed Reality (MR) Head Mounted Display (HMD) system,
released to developers in March 2016 as a Development Kit.
We review in this paper the various display requirements and
subsequent optical hardware choices we made for HoloLens. Its
main achievements go along performance and comfort for the
user: it is the first fully untethered MR headset, with the highest
angular resolution and the industry’s largest eyebox. It has the
first inside‐out global sensor fusion system including precise head
tracking and 3D mapping all controlled by a fully custom on‐board
GPU. Based on such achievements, HoloLens came out as
the most advanced MR system today. Additional features may be
implemented in next generations MR headsets, leading to the
ultimate experience for the user, and securing the upcoming
fabulous AR/MR market predicted by most analysts.
11‐4: Invited Paper: Direct View Optics for Near‐Eye Displays
Authors: Gross Andrew , Tang Edward , Welch Neil , Dewald Scott
Published: June 2017

This paper reviews the tradeoffs that should be considered
when designing a micro‐display based, direct‐view near‐eye
displays. It reviews available display technologies, and
discusses how eye‐piece focal length relates to field of view and
usable eye relief. It concludes with 3 examples of direct view
eyepiece designs.
24‐2: Distinguished Paper: Achieving a Foldable & Durable OLED Display with BT.2020 Color Space using Innovative Color Filter Structure
Authors: Lee Meng-Ting , Wang Cheng-Liang , Chan Chi-Shun , Fu Ching-Chieh , Shih Ching-Yao , Chen Chung-Chia , Lin Kuan-Heng , Chen Yi-Hong , Su Wei-Jen , Liu Chia-Hsing , Ko Chien-Ming , Weng Zai-Xien , Lin Jia-hua , Chin Yuan-Chen , Chen Chien-Ying , Chang Yu-Chen , Huang Annie Tzu-yu , Lu Hsueh-Hsing , Lin Yu-Hsin
Published: June 2017

A foldable AMOLED display capable of enduring very severe folding and environmental impact was obtained using symmetric panel stacking (SPS) with an innovative design of color filter structure. The display was subjected to in‐situ folding cycle under an ambient test condition of 60° C/90% RH and no performance degradation was found for the display and the touch function during and after the test. In addition, 95% coverage of BT. 2020 color space was obtained without additional power consumption compared to that of the panel with NTSC color space.
13‐1: Invited Paper: White Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes With Improved Efficiency and Color Stability
Authors: Lee Changhee , Jung Heeyoung , Lee Yeonkyung , Bae Wan Ki
Published: June 2017

We demonstrate efficient, color‐stable, white quantum dot based
light‐emitting diodes (WQLEDs). Based on a systematic study on
electrical properties of charge injection and transport layers, we
can significantly improve electron‐hole balance injected into the
QD emissive layer within QLEDs. Our WQLEDs exhibit color‐stable
white‐light‐emission over varying operation conditions up
to the maximum brightness over 35,000 cd/m2.
20‐3: A Greener Method to Synthesize Br‐rich Inorganic Cesium Lead Bromine Perovskite Nanocrystals for High Brightness Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Liu Peizhao , Chen Wei , Hao Junjie , Wu Dan , Cao Wanqiang , Sun Xiaowei , Wang Kai
Published: June 2017

High quality perovskite nanocrystals have been
synthesized in a tunable halide‐rich circumstance
and utilized for electroluminescent device. When
the ratio of Br: Pb increased to 4:1, the CsPbBr3
LED showed maximum luminance of 12090 cd m‐2
which was 3.37 times of CsPbBr3 LED based on
traditional raw material of PbBr2.
28‐2: Distinguished Paper: Toward Sub‐micron Oxide Thin‐Film Transistors for Digital Holography
Authors: Choi Ji Hun , Pi Jae-Eun , Hwang Chi-Young , Yang Jong-Heon , Kim Gi Heon , Kim Yong-Hae , Kim Hee-Ok , Kwon Oh-Sang , Park Eun-Suk , Hwang Chi-Sun
Published: June 2017

We fabricated high performance 2‐µm‐channel oxide thin‐film transistors (TFT) on glass substrate for 7‐μm‐pixel‐pitch spatial light modulator (SLM) panel for digital holographic applications. Furthermore, we succeeded in the demonstration of the sub‐micron TFTs, which is an inevitable route to the next‐generation spatial light modulation devices with near 1‐μm pixel pitch.
21‐2: Highly Reliable Amorphous Indium‐Gallium‐Zinc‐Tin‐Oxide TFTs with Back‐Channel‐Etch Structure
Authors: Lu Xin-Hong , Wang Ke , Hu Hehe , Zhang Wenlin , Ning Ce , Yang Wei , Wang Jiushi , Yao Qi , Cao Zhanfeng , Yuan Guangcai , Huang Yinglong
Published: June 2017

Back‐channel‐etch‐structured thin‐film transistors (TFTs)
employing amorphous Indium‐Gallium‐Zinc‐Tin‐Oxide
(IGZTO) and Mo/Al as active layer and source/drain,
respectively, were demonstrated with good electronic property
and bias‐temperature‐stress stability. LCD panels addressed by
such TFTs with gate‐driver‐on‐array circuit passed the 1000‐
hour high‐temperature‐operating and high‐temperature/humidity‐operating reliability tests, revealing excellent prospect
for mass‐production.
16‐1: Low‐Power Oxide‐Semiconductor Display System
Authors: Kurokawa Yoshiyuki , Kunitake Hitoshi , Harada Shintaro , Akasawa Fumika , Okamoto Yuki , Nakagawa Takashi , Aoki Takeshi , Yoneda Seiichi , Inoue Hiroki , Kozuma Munehiro , Ikeda Takayuki , Yao Hai Biao , Shuai Chi Chang , Lin Hung Chan , Wu Shao Hui , Ikeda Makoto , Yamazaki Shunpei
Published: June 2017

An oxide semiconductor (OS) display system built with normally‐off
devices, nonvolatile OS LSI and an OS display, is proposed.
The power consumption of the system is reduced by the
nonvolatile OS LSI performing power gating without vanishing
setting data when the OS display is in an idling stop (IDS) mode.
26‐3: Invited Paper: Increasing Automotive Safety and Comfort Through Haptics, Auditory and Visual Feedback
Authors: Dabic Stephanie , El-Ouardi Nour Eddine , Vanhelle Stephane , Navarro Jordan
Published: June 2017

Previous studies showed that the use of haptic feedback can improve user’s experience. However, quantitative data on driver performance are missing. This paper examines potential benefits of various feedbacks on driving performance and user’s preference: Visual feedback M, Visual and Auditory feedback (VA), and Visual, Auditory and Haptic feedback (VAH). 24 participants completed a dual‐task approach, using the Lane Change Test (LCT) as a driving task and two use cases of touchscreen tasks (Slide or Push task). Moreover, in a given condition participants had to performed a third task to increase mental workload. Results showed that the presence of the trimodal feedback VAH significantly improved driving performances compared to other feedbacks. This was observed through a decrease in standard deviations of lateral. Haptic feedbacks reduce error rates in the dual‐task, and that participants significantly preferred this trimodal haptic feedback Therefore, haptic feedback use have an objective positive effect on driver performance and on subjective user’s experience while interacting with a touchscreen interface for both Slide and Push tasks conditions.
29‐3: Floating Image for Ultrahigh Resolution Display Device Using Integral Photography Theory
Authors: Niu Lei , Li Jialing , Liu Yaoyang , Lu Feng , Ma Jun , Gao Yulong
Published: June 2017

We proposed a novel floating images display with an advanced light field system. The viewing angle was improved owing to the increased space between the adjacent lenses. Moreover, the ghost image problem in the integral image system has been solved by employing the novel unit image arrangement. A prototype of the floating image display has been achieved with perfect view‐angle feature, ultra‐high resolution and dynamic effect.
17‐1: Invited Paper: Foldable Touch AMOLED with Plastic Window and Optical Enhancement
Authors: Chen Glory , Yeh Yung-Hui , Chang Ching-Chiao , Ho Jia-Chong , Lee Cheng-Chung , Chen Janglin
Published: June 2017

In order to improve the mechanical and optical properties of
foldable AMOLED display, we integrated an ultra‐thin plastic
window and circular polarizer on foldable touch AMOLED. A
3mm bending radius foldable on‐cell touch AMOLED
prototype with plastic window or circular polarizer was
demonstrated.
35‐3: High Resolution and Low Power Consumption Hybrid Display
Authors: Hatsumi Ryo , Ikeda Hisao , Aoyama Tomoya , Kato Sho , Uchida Yutaka , Toyotaka Kouhei , Misawa Chieko , Dobashi Masayoshi , Nakada Masataka , Katayama Masahiro , Yamazaki Shunpei
Published: June 2017

We fabricated a hybrid display with low power consumption and high visibility in any environment by combining organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) and reflective liquid crystal (LC) elements. This display, which has improved pixel structures of OLEDs and reflective LC elements, achieves high resolution and low power consumption.
19‐5: Invited Paper: Low‐Cost Micro‐LED Displays for All Applications
Authors: Chaji Reza , Fathi Ehsan , Zamani Afshin
Published: June 2017

Micro‐LED has been considered the ultimate of what
emissive displays can offer. In
theory, these displays should
not have any of their predecessor challenges. However, the
reality is different and several major challenges should be
addressed priorr to micro‐LED makes a huge entry.
36‐1: Invited Paper: The Revolution in Solid State Light Sources in Projection
Authors: Brennesholtz Matthew S.
Published: June 2017

Solid‐state light sources have multiple advantages over lamps for projection applications. Multiple solid‐state technologies are used, including RGB LED, RGB laser, laser/LED hybrid or laser‐phosphor light sources. This paper explores the advantages, disadvantages and future prospects of these lamp and solid‐state light source technologies in projection applications.
38‐1: Invited Paper: Recent Progress in Video Electronic Paper Displays based on Electro‐fluidic Technology
Authors: Deng Yong , Tang Biao , Henzen Alexander Victor , Zhou Guofu (G.F.)
Published: June 2017

Electronic paper display based on electro‐fluidic technology is one of the most promising reflective displays with full color, video capability and flexibility. In this paper I will give an overview on the recent progress on this technology, in particular new developments of materials, processing, modeling, driving, flexibility and industrialization.
40‐4: Moth‐eye Anti‐reflection Surface for Sunlight Readable Flexible Displays
Authors: Tan Guanjun , Lee Jiun-Haw , Lan Yi-Hsin , Wei Mao-Kuo , Peng Lung-Han , Cheng I-Chun , Wu Shin-Tson
Published: June 2017

A broadband anti‐reflection surface with moth‐eye structure for sunlight readable flexible displays is demonstrated. The proposed nanostructure exhibits excellent anti‐reflection performance (luminous reflectance 0.23%), low haze (0.95%), great flexibility (curve radius <8 mm), high hardness (>3H) and self‐cleaning characteristics. A numerical model is developed to simulate and optimize the nanostructure. Excellent agreement between simulation and experiment is obtained.
38‐3: Full‐Color Flexible Electrophoretic E‐Paper with Interfacial Engineering and Transferring Process
Authors: Yang Bo-Ru , Wang Li , Wang Yu-Cheng , Qiu Jingshen , Liu Guishi , Deng Shaozhi
Published: June 2017

A full color microcapsule‐type of electrophoretic display (EPD) with facile transferring method was firstly demonstrated. Using this method, we spatially deployed the different color microcapsules into subpixels. The %NTSC reaches 19.1%, which is the highest record among all the microcapsule‐type of EPD display reported.
41‐4: Microscale Pattern Polarized Emission from Semiconductor Nanorods by Photo‐Induced Alignment Technology
Authors: Zhang Wanlong , Schneider Julian , Srivastava Abhishek K. , Rogach Andrey L. , Chigrinov Vladimir G. , Kwok Hoi Sing
Published: June 2017

In this paper, we demonstrate the alignment of semiconductor nanorods in both macro and micro scale patterns, highlighting the precise character of photo‐alignment technology. The dependence of nanorods’ orientation and emission under exposure to linearly polarized light is exemplified by such patterns, which have potential for future photonic applications.
39‐3: Patternable Color‐conversion Films based on Thick‐shell Quantum Dots
Authors: Lien Jiun-Yi , Chen Chih-Jung , Chiang Ray-Kuang , Wang Sue-Lein
Published: June 2017

Thick‐shell quantum dots (QDs) with green and red emission as well as high absorbance values are fabricated and dispersed in a commercial photoresist with density larger than 20 wt %. Such QD‐photoresist composites enable next‐generation displays with high brightness and wide color gamut (> 90 % Rec. 2020 coverage) through traditional lithography process for color filters. The emissive QD‐color filters (QDCFs) with thickness below 6 μm show optical density (O.D.) above 0.9 and film quantum yield reaching 70 %. The patterned QDCFs with 20~40 wt % of QDs reach the minimum line width about 7 μm.
42‐2: Low Power Consumption 8K Liquid Crystal Display with Oxide Semiconductor/Oxide Conductor Pixel (Transparent Pixel)
Authors: Sato Manabu , Kurosaki Daisuke , Nakazawa Yasutaka , Okazaki Kenichi , Koezuka Junichi , Watanabe Kazunori , Kusunoki Koji , Ishitani Tetsuji , Takahashi Kei , Yamazaki Shunpei
Published: June 2017

We developed a large ultra‐high‐definition (8K) liquid crystal display with a high aperture ratio by making the source and drain electrodes, wirings, storage capacitors, and contact portions transparent. This increased the aperture ratio from 37.3% to 47.1% and reduced the backlight power consumption by approximately 21%.
46‐3: High Contrast Ratio Electrochromic Light Shutter Device for Optical See‐through Type Head Mounted Display
Authors: Park Jin Hwan , Kim Yong Cheol , Ko Ik Jang , Kim Gyeong Woo , Kwon Jang Hyuk
Published: June 2017

Transmittance adjustable new electrochromic device (ECD) for optical see‐through type head mounted display is reported to provide good visibility by reducing external light intensity in the bright environment. Significantly improved ambient contrast ratio of 7.4 times under 400 lux bright condition is observed by this ECD.
50‐3: Invited Paper: Improving Charge Confinement in Blue OLED Devices Through Novel Design of the Emissive Layer Stack
Authors: Klimes Kody , Zhu Zhiqiang , Huang Liang , Li Jian
Published: June 2017

In this article, we will discuss our continuing efforts on the design, synthesis and characterization of novel platinum complexes for displays and lighting applications. The photo‐physics, electrochemistry, electroluminescent properties and operational stability of these novel metal complexes, including blue emitters with 6‐membered chelate rings, will be discussed. The rational molecular design enables us to develop cyclometalated metal complexes with both photon‐to‐photon (in thin film) and electron‐to‐photon (in device settings) conversion efficiency close to 100% for OLED applications.
47‐2: Invited Paper: The “TRUE VALUE” of Flexible OLED ‐ One and Only Design and Experience
Authors: Nagata Agato , Mitsui Sei , Iwamatsu Naoaki , Suzuki Aran , Kubota Reona , Hiraga Akiko , Yamamoto Natsuki , Takemoto Natsuki , Tsujimura Takatoshi
Published: June 2017

A Flexible OLED is a surface‐emitting light source that is thin, lightweight, and flexible. In spite of unique characteristics, there have been challenges in market development. In order to broaden the market, it is necessary to make clear the TRUE VALUE that only Flexible OLED can provide.

At the origin of the TRUE VALUE is the Core value, which is “uniform surface‐emitting light in extremely thin installation spaces”. The Core value is made stronger by combining the three Boosters which is “Weight reduction”, “Twilight control”, and “Heatless touch”.

This TRUE VALUE can be visualized in a triangular diagram. Core value is at the center and surrounded by Boosters. The number of Boosters will be increased with technology. The world of product design will largely change according to next Booster “Invisible magic” established by transparency technologies.
51‐2: Multi‐image Plane Display based on Polymer‐stabilized Cholesteric Texture
Authors: Lee Yun-Han , Chen Haiwei , Martinez Ricardo , Sun Yangyang , Pang Shao , Wu Shin-Tson
Published: June 2017

A multi‐image‐plane display based on cascaded switchable polymer‐stabilized cholesteric texture (PSCT) screens is demonstrated. The unique features of our PSCT screens are twofold: transmittance is 98.2% at voltage‐off state and switching time is around 1 ms. Potential applications include wearable virtual reality, augmented reality, and other head‐mounted displays.
51‐3: A Multi‐plane Optical See‐through Head Mounted Display with Reverse Mode PSLC
Authors: Liu Shuxin , Li Yan , Zhou Pengcheng , Huang Shuaijia , Chen Quanming , Su Yikai
Published: June 2017

In this paper we propose an optical see‐through head mounted display (HMD) for augmented reality display by utilizing reverse mode polymer‐stabilized liquid crystal (PSLC). The system has lower power consumption compared with our previous work which employs the normal mode PSLC. The HMD provides the depth information accurately and solves the accommodation‐vergence conflict problem caused in the conventional HMDs.
83‐2L: Late‐News Paper: Investigation of Transmittance Dependence upon Pre‐Tilt Angle in Photo Aligned Vertical LCDs
Authors: Yamada Yuichiro , Tang Qian , Koechlin Manuel , Yamamoto Yuichi
Published: June 2017

The width of cross shaped disclination line of photo aligned VA‐LCDs, which appears as a dark line under crossed polarizers, is independent of the pixel size, so when LCDs become high definition, the transmittance of the display is mainly governed by the dark line width. Dependence of the dark line width upon the pre‐tilt angle is confirmed by means of experiment and simulation, i.e., a lower pre‐tilt angle induces a thinner dark line. The effect of the pre‐tilt angle on transmittance of an actual pixel design in LCDs is also confirmed by 3D simulation. Moreover, by applying a zig‐zag source line concept for the TFT substrate design, further improvement on the transmittance against the straight source line structure is predicted.
53‐3: Invited Paper: Negative Dispersion Compensation Film using Self‐organization of Smectic Host and Guest Reactive Mesogen Molecules
Authors: Lee Ji-Hoon , Jeong Kwang-Un
Published: June 2017

We fabricated a compensation film with a negative dispersion (ND) of birefringence using a self‐organization of smectic host and guest reactive mesogen (RM) molecules. The host smectic reactive RM absorbing a shorter wavelength of light formed a layered‐structure and the guest molecules absorbing a longer wavelength of light were intersticed at the inter‐layer space of the layers. The ordinary refractive index of the guest was more rapidly decreased and consequently, the ND of birefringence was shown.
58‐2: Color Appearance Comparison between Head‐Mounted Display and Monitor
Authors: Ha Hyeyoung , Kwak Youngshin , Kim Hyosun , Seo Young-jun , Park Won-Sang
Published: June 2017

The brightness and colorfulness of head mounted display(HMD) were compared with those of LCD monitor in the dark room. The psychophysical experiments found that in terms of CIECAM02 Q and M scales, HMD looks 10% brighter and 8% more colorful than LCD monitor does even though both displays have the same peak luminance and color gamut.
58‐3: Optical Simulation of Light Field Display for Correcting Farsighted Vision
Authors: Jung Sung-Min , Lee Keong-Jin , Kim Han-Seok , Son Hyeon-Ho , Jeong Woo-Nam , Lee Bu-Yeol , Yoon Soo-Young , Kang In-Byeong
Published: June 2017

In this paper, we have described the optical model of light field in vision correcting display providing clear image to farsighted vision at a close viewing distance. Relationship between display and retina images was expressed to the matrix form based on the optical model of light transportation. We reconstructed retina image by optimizing the display image for the given matrix relationship. By analyzing the image quality of corrected image according to an optical gap between pin‐hole and pixel arrays, we obtained the proper optical gap maximizing the correction of farsighted vision in our design condition.
58‐4: Enhancing Note‐Taking and Review Processes Using an Interactive Dual‐input and Dual‐display Interface
Authors: Ohtsuka Sakuichi , Rehman Anis Ur , Iwaida Saki , Hira Shoko
Published: June 2017

Quite recently, NII and Stanford researchers independently showed that the academic abilities of school students in Japan and US have declined significantly due to their acceptance of mobile Internet services and fragmented information. Our solution involves strengthening structural‐ and logical‐mental functions through the bi‐modal enhancement of note‐taking and review processes.
59‐3: Fast VAN ECB Liquid Crystal on Silicon for Automotive Head Up Displays
Authors: Shi Liangyu , Srivastava Abhishek Kumar , Zhang Wanlong , Liao Engle , Zhu Xiuling , Chigrinov Vladimir. G. , Kwok Hoi Sing
Published: June 2017

In this article, we disclose a fast VAN/ ECB liquid crystal on silicon display for head mounted displays in vehicle projections. With the 0.37 inch dimension in diagonal and 720p resolution CMOS backplane, we can achieve a fast response time less than 2.78ms at room temperature. After optimization of working mode and post annealing fabrication process to remove the rubbing muras, the reflectance is over 70% in the visible range. And we have successfully demonstrated a high contrast ratio over 2000:1, high quality image with a wide working temperature range from ‐30°C to 70°C.
54‐3: Lensless Holographic 3D Display based on Fast Calculated Computer‐Generated hologram
Authors: Chang Chenliang , Qi Yijun , Xia Jun , Nie Shouping
Published: June 2017

A method of lensless holographic 3D display is proposed based on the fast calculated computer‐generated hologram (CGH). The CGH is calculated by using a virtual nonuniform sampled wavefront recording plane (NS‐WRP) which is close to the 3D object. The calculation process consists of two steps: first, the 3D object is calculated to the NS‐WRP using nonuniform fast Fourier transform (NUFFT) based algorithm. Second, the NS‐WRP is propagated to the CGH using Fresnel diffraction algorithm. This method can provide fast and simple calculation of CGH which can reconstruct high quality 3D object with perceptual depth cue in space. Both of simulation and experiment demonstrate the proposed method.
55‐1: Invited Paper: Prediction of Overall HDR Quality by using Perceptually Transformed Display Measurements
Authors: Choudhury Anustup , Farrell Suzanne , Atkins Robin , Daly Scott
Published: June 2017

The need for metrics to evaluate HDR display subjective performance is becoming widely recognized. Yet most existing performance metrics focus on physical measurements rather than subjective impact. We found that applying perceptual transforms to five key HDR performance characteristics better predicts display quality compared to existing physical metrics.
55‐2: On the Complexities of Metrology for HDR Displays
Authors: Miseli Joe , Spears Stacey , Pruitt Tyler
Published: June 2017

HDR displays pose new challenges to the field of display metrology. For displays in the past we could use full‐screen and other traditional test patterns to measure display characteristics with few difficulties. Display measurement standards from the ICDM, FPDM, ISO, IEC, etc., defined what was needed and provided procedures on how to do the measurements consistently and accurately for all displays.

With modern displays, things have changed and the metrology has become much more complex. HDR displays are systems with various operational modes and many adjustments that preprocess the signal before it is ever is written to the display. There are also also auto‐configured modes induced by reading and interpreting metadata in the header information of the source HDR content to tell the display how to reproduce it properly (or not) for the specialized HDR modes. This introduces extra layers of complexity never before seen in display evaluation.

Here we examine and begin to unravel some of the layers that constitute this complexity of HDR displays and show steps to understand them and work toward developing display measurement standards for metrology for HDR displays in the ICDM.
62‐4: Invited Paper: Consideration of Display Metrology for HDR and WCG Standards Based on Real Content
Authors: Park Yongmin , Kwon Jang-un
Published: June 2017

Both High Dynamic Range (HDR) and Wide Color Gamut (WCG) require not only improvement of displays but also development of novel display metrology. In this paper, we took a look at how HDR and WCG standards going on and examine features of new image format. In conclusion, we suggested some perspectives and ideas based on the standards and the analysis result of HDR and WCG images that would be worthy of consideration on developing a new display metrology.
57‐3: Invited Paper: Solution‐Processed Electron Transporting Layer and Interface Characterization in Organic Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Pu Yong-Jin , Ohisa Satoru , Aizawa Naoya , Chiba Takayuki , Kido Junji
Published: June 2017

We demonstrate highly efficient solution‐processed multilayer OLEDs, in which hole injection layer, hole transporting layer, emitting layer (EML), and electron transporting layer (ETL), are fully solution processed. The key feature of the devices is the use of the molecular hosts in the EML, which are sufficiently resistant to the orthogonal solvents such as alcohols, used for processing upper ETLs. This allows us to construct the multilayer structure through subsequent solution‐processing steps, achieving high power efficiencies for solution‐processed green OLEDs. We also show that the composition at the resulting interface of solution‐processed layers is a critical factor in determining device performance. We perform depth‐profiling measurements of the devices by time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS) and neutron reflectometry (NR). The composition at the solution‐processed EML/ETL interface is severely dependent on molecular weight of the host molecules in the EML. The mixed interface resulting from solution processing not only adversely affects the device characteristics, such as by increasing the driving voltage, but also the mixed interface beneficially affects device performance by, for example, suppressing charge accumulation at the interface. To develop highly efficient solution‐processed OLEDs, precise control of the interface structure is important.
57‐4: Demonstration of Efficient Green OLEDs with High Color Purity
Authors: Oono Taku , Iwasaki Yukiko , Hatakeyama Takuji , Shimizu Takahisa , Fukagawa Hirohiko
Published: June 2017

We demonstrated efficient green OLEDs with high color purity utilizing a platin num complex. A current efficiency of 84 cd/A A was obtained from a bottom‐emitting OLED with CIE x‐y coordinates of (0.27, 0.67). Furthermore, the CIE x‐y coordinates reached (0.18, 0.74) upon employing a top‐emitting structure.
64‐1: Modeling the Mechanical Performance of a Foldable Display Panel Bonded by 3M Optically Clear Adhesives
Authors: Salmon Fay , Everaerts Albert , Campbell Chris , Pennington Brian , Erdogan-Haug Belma , Caldwell Gregg
Published: June 2017

Among the multiple design goals for foldable displays to perform under repeated folding and unfolding is to reduce bending stress and various failure modes induced by bending of the film stack. In this work, we demonstrate, through modeling the folding of simplified display film stacks, that the optically clear adhesives (OCA) in a display can be leveraged not only to provide a secure bond between the functional layers, but also to improve the overall folding performance and mechanical durability of the display.

Specifically, we discuss these OCA advantages through three topics commonly encountered in designing a flexible display:

• reducing the bending stresses by neutral plane management,

• facilitating large shear strains between layers to reduce shear coupling between the layers,

• improving buckling resistance.
66‐1: Invited Paper: High Mobility Flexible 2D Multilayer MoS2 TFTs on Solution‐Based Polyimide Substrates
Authors: Hong Seongin , Naqi Muhammad , Jung Uihyun , Liu Na , Kwon Hyuk-Jun , Grigoropoulos Costas P. , Hong Young Ki , Kim Sunkook
Published: June 2017

We report on Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) based Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) transistor as flexible/stretchable electronics with consistent carrier mobility, wide band‐gap and mechanical expanse by using polyimide (PI) flexible substrate. Transistors fabricated in the following experiment have worthy properties: a field‐effect‐mobility measured as 108.6 cm2 V‐1s‐1 and an (Ion/Ioff) ratio obtained as 5×105. Moreover, no deviations occurred under methodical cyclic bending tests with bending radius of curvature of 10 and 5mm. Overall in the malleable areas of flexible integrated circuitry fabrication, the stated electrical and mechanical consequences provide significant applications.
74‐1: Invited Paper: Advanced 1mm x 1mm Surface Mount Light Emitting Diode (LED) for Fine Pitch LED Signage
Authors: Torres Jovani , Teik Kooi Ong , Lau Victor , Zhong Shenyu
Published: June 2017

Presentation of the electrical, mechanical, optical and performance metrics employed in a revolutionary SMD RGB LED design. Core impact on visual performance and reliability improvements for fine pitch LED displays.
74‐2: Development of a Novel Reflective Display System with Multi‐primary Color for Digital Signage
Authors: Yata Tatsuya , Tomizawa Kazunari , Tamaki Masaya , Sako Kazuhiko , Nagatsuma Toshiyuki , Nakamura Kiyoshi , Harada Tsutomu , Kabe Masaaki
Published: June 2017

We have developed four primary‐color reflective LCD and have improved yellow and red color saturation. The color gamut area of the developed LCD meets to the standard for printing (SNAP) which is defined for reproduction quality in newsprint production. The developed LCD has also a wide color gamut, wide operating‐temperature range and high‐quality moving images. It is suitable to realize future digital signage for outdoors.
74‐4: Large Pixel Reflective Color Display for Outdoor Applications
Authors: Ji Zhong
Published: June 2017

A 4x4 mm analog interferometric color pixel is fabricated using a unique micro‐assembly method that overcomes the limitations of traditional MEMS photolithography. Low cost methods in semiconductor packaging can be adapted to assemble the low resolution pixel array. The proposed method keeps large interferometric surfaces parallel with optical precision for high color purity and reflectivity.
75‐2: Invited Paper: Large Scale Subjective Evaluation of Display Stream Compression
Authors: Allison Robert S. , Wilcox Laurie M. , Wang Wei , Hoffman David M. , Hou Yuqian , Goel James , Deas Lesley , Stolitzka Dale
Published: June 2017

VESA Display Stream Compression (DSC) is a light‐weight codec designed for visually lossless compression over display links. Such high‐performance algorithms must be evaluated subjectively to assess whether the codec meets visually lossless criteria. Here we present the first large‐scale evaluation of DSC1.2 according to ISO/IEC 29170‐2.
78‐4: Screen Door Effect Mitigation and Its Quantitative Evaluation in VR Display
Authors: Cho Joung-min , Kim Young-do , Jung Song Hee , Shin Hyunchang , Kim Taesung
Published: June 2017

The screen door effect (SDE) is the great challenge in the development of VR display, which obstructs immersion in the virtual reality. In this paper, we propose the quantitative investigation method for SDE, and demonstrate how the SDE can be systematically mitigated without degrading image quality.
P‐8: Photocurrent Characteristics of Amorphous MgInO Thin Film Transistors
Authors: Lu Huiling , Zhang Letao , Zhou Xiaoliang , Zhou Hang , Zhang Shengdong
Published: June 2017

The photocurrent characteristics of amorphous MgInO (a‐MIO) thin film transistors (TFTs) under double sweep method are investigated. The gate voltage independent photocurrent characteristics under reverse gate voltage sweep in off‐state are observed and a current model is developed. As the wavelength decreases, the mobility‐lifetime (ηintμnτ) products extracted from the model increase on a logarithmic scale. The dynamic behavior of our TFTs is also investigated, showing that as the wavelength decreases from 400 nm to 310 nm, the decay time constant increases from 194 s to 302 s.
82‐3: 3. 9‐mm Ultra‐Slim Curved TV Having a Glass Light‐Guide Plate
Authors: Hsiao Ken , Chien Ray Chang , Chang Jian-Yu , Li De-Hua , Xu Xiao-Jie
Published: June 2017

Ultra‐slim curved LCD TV with thickness of 3.9 mm was successfully developed by using glass light guide plate (LGP). Since there are many different properties between glass LGP and traditional PMMA LGP, special technical considerations of ultra‐slim curved design such as mechanical and optical characteristics were simulated and analyzed.
P‐15: Prediction Method of Device Instability in a‐InGaZnO TFTs under Positive Gate Biases and Thermal Stresses using TCAD Simulation
Authors: Kim Jin-young , Tak Nam-kyun , Choi Jin-hyung , Lee Won-seok , Cho Won-ju , Park Jong-tae
Published: June 2017

The experimental and modeling study of bias and thermal stresses induced threshold voltage shift (ΔVTH) in amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc oxide (a‐IGZO) thin film transistors (TFTs) has been investigated. The evolution of ΔVTH under positive biases and thermal stresses is dominated by charge trapping effect at channel and gate dielectric interface. We can predict the ƊVTH under different bias and thermal stresses using technology computer aided design (TCAD) device simulation if one measures once the device degradation at particular bias and temperature. Using this method, one can optimize the supply bias voltage and extend to predict the device lifetime.
P‐20: Effects of N2O Plasma Treatment Time on the Performance of Self‐Aligned Top‐Gate amorphous oxide Thin Film Transistors
Authors: Liang Ting , Zhang Xiaodong , Zhou Xiaoliang , Zhang Letao , Lu Huiling , Lu Hongjuan , Zhang Shengdong
Published: June 2017

We report on the effects of N2O plasma treatment time on the performance of self‐aligned top‐gate amorphous oxide thin‐film transistors (TFTs). N2O plasma is treated on the surface of the active layer. It is shown that the treatment effect is time‐dependent. With the increase of treatment time, the electrical characteristics and bias stress stability are improved significantly. However, adverse effects appear with the time prolonging due to the damage of excess plasma. The optimum performance of a IGZO and a‐IZO TFTs is obtained with the N2O plasma treatment time at 90s and 240s, respectively.
P‐28: Robust Gate Driver Design with Etching‐Stop‐Layer Type InGaZnO TFTs Using Stack Buffer Structure
Authors: Liao Congwei , Ma Yihua , Liu Xiaodi , Liu Xiang , Zhang Shengdong
Published: June 2017

A stack buffer structure is proposed to suppress feed‐through effects, which is caused by serious gate‐to‐drain capacitance of Etching‐Stop‐Layer (ESL) type InGaZnO (IGZO) TFTs. For low‐level‐maintaining periods, the stack buffer TFT can be modeled by reversely cascaded diodes for decreasing of noise voltage of internal nodes. Compared with conventional designs, the proposed buffer structure owns better stability and good driving ability. A robust gate driver using the proposed buffer structure is demonstrated, and only 7 TFTs and 1 capacitance are used. Thorough analysis and simulations are carried out, and the circuit performance is discussed concerning threshold voltage variation, different bootstrapping capacitance, and decreased driving pulse width. It is proven that the proposed gate driver is promising for high performance IGZO TFT display with high resolution for large dimension display.
P‐22: Spice Model for Detection of Dynamic Threshold Voltage Shift During Failure Analysis of Oxide TFT‐Based AMD Gate Drivers
Authors: Lee Won-Seok , Kang Jong-Suk , Tak Nam-Kyun , Choi In-Chol , Kim Jin-Young , Han Ji-Ung , Choi Jin-Hyung , Mativenga Mallory , Hwang Man-Gyu
Published: June 2017

We present an accelerated SmartSpice model that can detect dynamic threshold voltage shift (ΔVth)‐related failure of an oxide thin‐film transistor (TFT)‐based gate driver. Because oxide TFTs do not recover completely after application of stress (or when input is LOW), cumulative ΔVth that is induced during the HIGH of the input signal may result in failure of gate drivers. For correct failure analysis, a TFT model that can detect dynamic ΔVth is, therefore, needed for the replacement of the current TFT models that cannot account for dynamic ΔVth. The model presented herein works correctly with varying temperature and any input signal.
P‐32: Light Shielding Layers Enabled Full Swing Multi‐Layer MoS2 Inverters For the Application of Photodetectors
Authors: Ryu Jae Hyeon , Baek Geun-Woo , Yu Seung Jae , Seo Seung Gi , Jin Sung Hun
Published: June 2017

Multi‐layered MoS2 inverters with light shielding (LS) layers were fabricated and demonstrated for application in highly sensitive photo detectors, exploiting the particular advantages of an atomically thin layer and a sizable electrical band gap. The photoleakage behaviors of the inverters under changing wavelengths of light were experimentally demonstrated to occur in a controlled manner, and were analytically validated by load‐line analysis. When the inverters were operated with a depletion load in the light of blue light emitting diodes (LEDs), the low noise margin (NML) and transition width were significantly enhanced, by approximately 20 and 220%, respectively, as compared to those of the inverters in the dark.
P‐39: Simulation of Anti‐Glare Cover Glass Using Fourier Optics Consistent with Sparkle and Other Visual Performances
Authors: Isshiki Masanobu
Published: June 2017

We have established optical simulation of Anti‐glare (AG) cover glass for Flat Panel Display, which can calculate clarity, diffusion, and sparkle from the surface topography of AG cover glass. This is the first report of simulating sparkle from the actual topography of AG.
P‐49: New RGBW Mapping Algorithm for High‐Quality‐Image LCDs
Authors: Pan Biao , Yuan Jialei , Zhong Xinhui , Cui Hongqing , Li De-jiun , Lung Po-Hua
Published: June 2017

The key issue preventing RGBW LCDs from wide application in the display market was probably the absence of a proper RGB‐to‐RGBW mapping algorithm with no color‐distortion. In this paper, a new RGBW mapping algorithm was designed so that the hue and saturation remain unchanged from the original color. Perception experiment for new algorithm based on our intellectual energy‐saving technology (IEST) product indicated that it has superior performance upon conventional RGBW and almost indiscernible to common RGB.
P‐51: Analysis of Flicker Improvement Result using Polarity MUX
Authors: Kim Hak-Su , Kim Min-Cheul , Yoon Jun-Sik , Yang Seung-Hak , Park Cheol-Woo , Kim Byeong-Koo
Published: June 2017

When Polarity MUX is used, a part of the high voltage is lowered. The effectiveness of low power and response time had already been announced in the existing paper. We also found that Polarity MUX has effective of flicker. Here, we analyzed the effective parts to lower flicker ‐ the kickback voltage of MUX switching that affects the pixel voltage.
P‐236: A Coupling of Crossing Lines between MIPI and Touch Signals
Authors: Kim Sang Kook , Choi Yun Hee , Shin Wen Ju , Choe Won Jun , Kwag Jin Oh
Published: June 2017

A coupling of crossing lines due to two layers structures of flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) is studied in the present paper. Simulation results show that the signal integrity of the layout including crossing lines is rarely degraded comparing that without such layout. And we also identify that it is well operated through the proto‐product with such layout. The rule fitting to the signal characteristics of the product is the good solution for reducing cost.
P‐57: Back‐channel Contamination Induced Amorphous Silicon TFT Deterioration during Manufacturing Process
Authors: Xiong Yuan , Wu Yue , Xie HuaFei , Jiang ChunSheng
Published: June 2017

Back‐channel contamination induced amorphous silicon TFT deterioration is found to cause V‐crosstalk failure during reliability test. An additive used in photoresist stripping process is linked to this phenomenon, and effective solutions in the aspect of process and material are verified by experiments and measurements.
P‐62: Nondestructive Patterning Process of Transparent Graphene Electrodes
Authors: Guo Kang , Gu Xin , Xu Wei , Zhang Xiao , Zhu Ming , Di Yunping , Lv Zhijun , Liu Zhen , Yuan Guangcai , Yao Jikai
Published: June 2017

CVD graphene films were patterned through O2 plasma etching method with sacrificial metal. Clear patterned transparent graphene films were obtained, and the patterning process do no harm to the sheet resistance and optical transmittance of graphene.
P‐64: The Property Differences of Copper Thin Films Deposited by One‐step and Multi‐step DC Magnetron Sputtering Technique
Authors: Xia Hui , Zhou Zhichao , Hu Xiaobo , Li Jiayu , Tan Zhiwei
Published: June 2017

To match the products such as large‐size and high‐resolution TFT‐LCD, the thicker Cu films with lower resistance are needed. A comparative study of microstructural and electrical properties of the Cu films with different thickness (420‐1040nm) deposited by one‐step and multi‐step dc magnetron sputtering technique is presented in this paper.
P‐75: Mechanical Reliability of Curved Display Panels
Authors: Hayashi Kazutaka , Kato Yasumasa , Sato Yousuke , Kobayashi Yusuke , Kunigita Masaya
Published: June 2017

Factors which affect mechanical reliability of curved display panels were investigated. Stress generated by bending the panel may cause delayed fracture, i.e. fatigue fracture. Therefore, fatigue constant of typical non‐alkali glass was measured. In addition, numerical simulation was carried out to evaluate applied stress level on the curved glass substrate.
P‐106: Wide‐Color‐Gamut LCD with a Functional Reflective Polarizer
Authors: Chen Haiwei , Zhu Ruidong , Tan Guanjun , Li Ming-Chun , Lee Seok-Lyul , Wu Shin-Tson
Published: June 2017

A functional reflective polarizer is added to an LCD's backlight unit to suppress the crosstalk between RGB primary colors. When integrated with a commercial two‐phosphor‐converted white light‐emitting diode (2pc‐WLED), the color gamut of the LCD can be boosted to 133.9% NTSC in CIE 1976, which is comparable to the quantum dot‐enhanced backlight.
P‐95: Full Resolution 3D Display on Computer Screen Free from Accommodation‐convergence Conflict
Authors: Teng Dongdong , Liu Lilin
Published: June 2017

Existing commercial 3D display technologies for computer screens are based on binocular parallax theory. The inherent accommodation‐convergence (AC) conflict makes them suffering the visual fatigue problem. The present work developed a full resolution 3D display prototype based on Super Multi‐view technology for the computer screen through sequentially gating two liquid crystal light valves before each eye of the viewer, being free from the AC conflict.