bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid and Reactive Oxygen Species Production of Neutrophils in the General Population
Authors: Suzuki Nobuaki , Sawada Kaori , Takahashi Ippei , Matsuda Motoko , Fukui Shinji , Tokuyasu Hidemasa , Shimizu Hiroyasu , Yokoyama Junichi , Akaike Arata , Nakaji Shigeyuki
Published: October 2020

Little is known about the relationship between polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the general population. Therefore this study aimed to describe the association of PUFAs with ROS according to age and sex in the general population and to determine whether PUFA levels are indicators of ROS. This cross-sectional study included 895 participants recruited from a 2015 community health project. Participants were divided into 6 groups based on sex and age (less than 45 years old (young), aged 45–64 years (middle-aged), and 65 years or older (old)) as follows: male, young (n = 136); middle-aged (n = 133); old (n = 82); female, young (n = 159); middle-aged (n = 228); and old (n = 157). The PUFAs measured were arachidonic acid (AA), dihomo gamma linolenic acid (DGLA), AA/DGLA ratio, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). ROS considered in the analysis were basal ROS and stimulated ROS levels. Multiple linear analyses showed: (1) significant correlations between PUFA levels, especially DGLA and AA/DGLA ratio, and neutrophil function in the young and middle-aged groups; (2) no significant correlations in old age groups for either sex. Because PUFAs have associated with the ROS production, recommendation for controlled PUFA intake from a young age should be considered.
Antioxidant Activity with Increased Endogenous Levels of Vitamin C, E and A Following Dietary Supplementation with a Combination of Glutathione and Resveratrol Precursors
Authors: Biswas Priscilla , Dellanoce Cinzia , Vezzoli Alessandra , Mrakic-Sposta Simona , Malnati Mauro , Beretta Alberto , Accinni Roberto
Published: October 2020

The effects of two different dietary supplements on the redox status of healthy human participants were evaluated. The first supplement (GluS, Glutathione Synthesis) contains the precursors for the endogenous synthesis of glutathione and the second (GluReS, Glutathione and Resveratrol Synthesis) contains in addition polydatin, a precursor of resveratrol. To assess the influence of GluS and GluReS on the redox status, ten thiol species and three vitamins were measured before (t0) and after 8 weeks (t1) of dietary supplementation. An inflammatory marker, neopterin, was also assessed at the same time points. Both supplements were highly effective in improving the redox status by significantly increasing the reduced-glutathione (GSH) content and other reduced thiol species while significantly decreasing the oxidized species. The positive outcome of the redox status was most significant in the GluRes treatment group which also experienced a significant reduction in neopterin levels. Of note, the endogenous levels of vitamins C, E and A were significantly increased in both treatment groups, with best results in the GluReS group. While both dietary supplements significantly contributed to recognized antioxidant and anti-inflammatory outcomes, the effects of GluReS, the combination of glutathione and resveratrol precursors, were more pronounced. Thus, dietary supplementation with GluReS may represent a valuable strategy for maintaining a competent immune status and a healthy lifespan.
Prebiotic Xylo-Oligosaccharides Ameliorate High-Fat-Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis in Rats
Authors: Lensu Sanna , Pariyani Raghunath , Mäkinen Elina , Yang Baoru , Saleem Wisam , Munukka Eveliina , Lehti Maarit , Driuchina Anastasiia , Lindén Jere , Tiirola Marja , Lahti Leo , Pekkala Satu
Published: October 2020

Understanding the importance of the gut microbiota (GM) in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has raised the hope for therapeutic microbes. We have shown that high hepatic fat content associated with low abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in humans and, further, the administration of F. prausnitzii prevented NAFLD in mice. Here, we aimed at targeting F. prausnitzii by prebiotic xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) to treat NAFLD. First, the effect of XOS on F. prausnitzii growth was assessed in vitro. Then, XOS was supplemented or not with high (HFD, 60% of energy from fat) or low (LFD) fat diet for 12 weeks in Wistar rats (n = 10/group). XOS increased F. prausnitzii growth, having only a minor impact on the GM composition. When supplemented with HFD, XOS ameliorated hepatic steatosis. The underlying mechanisms involved enhanced hepatic β-oxidation and mitochondrial respiration. Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) analysis of cecal metabolites showed that, compared to the HFD, the LFD group had a healthier cecal short-chain fatty acid profile and on the HFD, XOS reduced cecal isovalerate and tyrosine, metabolites previously linked to NAFLD. Cecal branched-chain fatty acids associated positively and butyrate negatively with hepatic triglycerides. In conclusion, XOS supplementation can ameliorate NAFLD by improving hepatic oxidative metabolism and affecting GM.
The Legacy Effect in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Viñas Esmel Esther , Naval Álvarez José , Sacanella Meseguer Emilio
Published: October 2020

The “legacy effect” describes the long-term benefits that may persist for many years after the end of an intervention period, involving different biological processes. The legacy effect in cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention has been evaluated by a limited number of studies, mostly based on pharmacological interventions, while few manuscripts on dietary interventions have been published. Most of these studies are focused on intensive treatment regimens, whose main goal is to achieve tight control of one or more cardiovascular risk factors. This review aims to summarise the legacy effect-related results obtained in those studies and to determine the existence of this effect in CVD prevention. There is sufficient data to suggest the existence of a legacy effect after intensive intervention on cardiovascular risk factors; however, this effect is not equivalent for all risk factors and could be influenced by patient characteristics, disease duration, and the type of intervention performed. Currently, available evidence suggests that the legacy effect is greater in subjects with moderately-high cardiovascular risk but without CVD, especially in those patients with recent-onset diabetes. However, preventive treatment for CVD should not be discontinued in high-risk subjects, as the level of existing evidence on the legacy effect is low to moderate.
Associations of Ultra-Processed and Unprocessed/Minimally Processed Food Consumption with Peripheral and Central Hemodynamics and Arterial Stiffness in Young Healthy Adults
Authors: Smiljanec Katarina , Mbakwe Alexis U. , Ramos-Gonzalez Macarena , Mesbah Christina , Lennon Shannon L.
Published: October 2020

Consumption of ultra-processed food (UPF) replaces the intake of freshly prepared unprocessed/minimally processed food (MPF) and is positively associated with hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The objective of this observational study was to investigate the relation between (1) UPF and (2) MPF with peripheral and central blood pressure (BP), wave reflection, and arterial stiffness. Habitual dietary intake, ambulatory BP, augmentation index (AIx), and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were assessed in 40 normotensive young adults (15 M/25 W; 27 ± 1 y; body mass index 23.6 ± 0.5 kg/m2). UPF consumption was positively associated with overall and daytime peripheral systolic BP (B = 0.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.03, 0.46, p = 0.029; B = 0.32, 95% CI 0.09, 0.56, p = 0.008, respectively), daytime diastolic BP (B = 0.18, 95% CI 0.01, 0.36, p = 0.049) and daytime peripheral pulse pressure (PP; B = 0.22, 95% CI 0.03, 0.41, p = 0.027). MPF consumption was inversely associated with daytime peripheral PP (B = −0.27, 95% CI −0.47, −0.07, p = 0.011), overall and daytime central systolic BP (B = −0.27, 95% CI −0.51, −0.02, p = 0.035; B = −0.31, 95% CI −0.58, −0.04, p = 0.024, respectively), and nighttime central PP (B = −0.10, 95% CI −0.19, −0.01, p = 0.042). Both UPF and MPF were not associated with AIx nor PWV. These data suggest avoidance of UPF and consumption of more MPF may reduce CVD risk factors.
Edible Oxya chinensis sinuosa—Derived Protein as a Potential Nutraceutical for Anticancer Immunity Improvement
Authors: Kim Woo Sik , Han Jeong Moo , Song Ha-Yeon , Byun Eui-Hong , Seo Ho Seong , Byun Eui-Baek
Published: October 2020

Oxya chinensis sinuosa (Ocs) is consumed as representative edible insects in Asia, but its function in various immune systems remains unclear. This study aimed to demonstrate the immunomodulatory effect, particularly on the innate and adaptive immune response, of Ocs protein (Ocs-P) and to investigate its function as a potent anticancer immunostimulant when administered during the progression stage of colon carcinoma in tumor-bearing mice. Our in vitro results demonstrated that Ocs-P treatment induces phenotypic alteration (increased expression of surface molecules and production of T Helper type I-polarizing (Th1-polarizing) cytokines and decreased antigen uptake ability) of dendritic cells (DCs) through the activation of Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B-dependent (NF-κB-dependent) signaling pathways. Additionally, Ocs-P-stimulated DCs initiated differentiation of naive T cells into IFN-γ-producing Th1-type T cells effectively and activated cytotoxic CD8+ T cell response. In colon carcinoma-bearing mouse models, oral administration of Ocs-P inhibited tumor growth and restored the expression of decreased surface molecules in lineage-CD11c+MHC-II+ splenic DCs. Furthermore, Ocs-P administration enhanced the generation of multifunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing Th1-type cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-2) and the degranulation marker (CD107a). Collectively, these results suggest that Ocs-P demonstrates an immunostimulatory effect and may induce powerful anticancer immunity.
Epistemological Framework for Computer Simulations in Building Science Research: Insights from Theory and Practice
Authors: Kalua Amos , Jones James
Published: October 2020

Computer simulations are widely used within the area of building science research. Building science research deals with the physical phenomena that affect buildings, including heat and mass transfer, lighting and acoustic transmission. This wide usage of computer simulations, however, is characterized by a divergence in thought on the composition of an epistemological framework that may provide guidance for their deployment in research. This paper undertakes a fundamental review of the epistemology of computer simulations within the context of the philosophy of science. Thereafter, it reviews the epistemological framework within which computer simulations are used in practice within the area of building science research. A comparison between the insights obtained from the realms of theory and practice is made, which then interrogates the adequacy of the epistemological approaches that have been employed in previously published simulation-based research. These insights may help in informing a normative composition of an adequate epistemological framework within which computer simulation-based building science research may be conducted.
Heat Stress Triggers Differential Protein Accumulation in the Extracellular Matrix of Sorghum Cell Suspension Cultures
Authors: Ngcala Mamosa G. , Goche Tatenda , Brown Adrian P. , Chivasa Stephen , Ngara Rudo
Published: October 2020

Plants reprogram gene expression as an adaptive response to survive high temperatures. While the identity and functions of intracellular heat stress-responsive proteins have been extensively studied, the heat response of proteins secreted to the extracellular matrix is unknown. Here, we used Sorghum bicolor, a species adapted for growth in hot climates, to investigate the extracellular heat-induced responses. When exposed to 40 °C for 72 h, heat-sensitive Arabidopsis cell suspension cultures died, while ICSB338 sorghum cell cultures survived by activation of a transcriptional response characterized by the induction of HSP70 and HSP90 genes. Quantitative proteomic analysis of proteins recovered from cell culture medium revealed specific heat stress-induced protein accumulation within the sorghum secretome. Of the 265 secreted proteins identified, 31 responded to heat (≥2-fold change), with 84% possessing a predicted signal peptide for targeting to the classical secretory pathway. The differentially accumulated proteins have putative functions in metabolism, detoxification, and protein modifications. A germin (SORBI_3003G427700) was highly heat-inducible at both protein and gene level. Overall, our study reveals new insights into sorghum responses to heat and provides a useful resource of extracellular proteins that could serve as targets for developing thermotolerant crops. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD021536.
Coping Strategies, Immediate and Delayed Suggestibility among Children and Adolescents
Authors: Maiorano Tiziana , Vagni Monia
Published: October 2020

Knowing the factors that influence children’s suggestibility is important in implementing the psychological variables to be evaluated during a forensic evaluation. In the interrogative suggestibility model, coping strategies intervene in determining the acceptance or rejection of the leading question. However, studies that investigated the relationship between interrogative suggestibility and coping strategies had mixed results. Avoidance-oriented coping is associated with high level to immediate suggestibility and problem-focused with low levels. In this study, we measured immediate suggestibility, delayed suggestibility, and coping strategies in a sample of 100 children. We hypothesized that avoidance-oriented coping strategies have a predictive effect in increasing immediate suggestibility levels, in particular avoidance-oriented coping oriented towards the tendency to accept leading questions. No effect of coping strategies was expected on delayed suggestibility. All children completed the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale (GSS 2), a non-verbal IQ test, and the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS). Coping strategies were not related to delayed suggestibility, but avoidance-oriented coping correlated positively with immediate suggestibility. Avoidance-oriented coping emerged as the only significant predictive model for shift and total suggestibility, and its subscale distraction emerged as a predictor for Yield 1 and Yield 2. No predictors emerged for delayed suggestibility. Results are discussed for their theoretical implications.
Resonant Effect for Breit–Wheeler Process in the Field of an X-ray Pulsar
Authors: Serov Vitalii D. , Roshchupkin Sergei P. , Dubov Victor V.
Published: October 2020

The resonant process of the creation of an ultrarelativistic electron–positron pair by two hard gamma quanta in the field of an X-ray pulsar (the Breit–Wheeler process modified by an external field) was theoretically studied. Under resonance conditions, the intermediate virtual electron (positron) in the external field becomes a real particle. As a result, there are four reaction channels for the process instead of two. For each of those channels, the initial process of the second order in the fine structure constant in the field of an X-ray pulsar effectively reduces into two successive processes of the first order: X-ray-stimulated Breit–Wheeler process and X-ray-stimulated Compton effect. The resonant kinematics of the process was also studied in detail. The process had characteristic threshold energy, and all initial and final particles had to be ultrarelativistic and propagate in a narrow cone. Furthermore, the resonant energy spectrum of the electron-positron pair significantly depended on emission angles. Clearly, there was a qualitative difference between resonant and nonresonant cases. Lastly, the resonant differential probability of studied process was obtained. The resonant differential probability significantly exceeded the nonresonant one without the external field of an X-ray pulsar.
How Will the COVID-19 Pandemic Affect the Future of Urban Life? Early Evidence from Highly-Educated Respondents in the United States
Authors: Conway Matthew Wigginton , Salon Deborah , da Silva Denise Capasso , Mirtich Laura
Published: October 2020

Attitudes and habits are extremely resistant to change, but a disruption of the magnitude of the COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to bring long-term, massive societal changes. During the pandemic, people are being compelled to experience new ways of interacting, working, learning, shopping, traveling, and eating meals. Going forward, a critical question is whether these experiences will result in changed behaviors and preferences in the long term. This paper presents initial findings on the likelihood of long-term changes in telework, daily travel, restaurant patronage, and air travel based on survey data collected from adults in the United States in Spring 2020. These data suggest that a sizable fraction of the increase in telework and decreases in both business air travel and restaurant patronage are likely here to stay. As for daily travel modes, public transit may not fully recover its pre-pandemic ridership levels, but many of our respondents are planning to bike and walk more than they used to. These data reflect the responses of a sample that is higher income and more highly educated than the US population. The response of these particular groups to the COVID-19 pandemic is perhaps especially important to understand, however, because their consumption patterns give them a large influence on many sectors of the economy.
Recombinant Fowlpox Virus Expressing gB Gene from Predominantly Epidemic Infectious Larygnotracheitis Virus Strain Demonstrates Better Immune Protection in SPF Chickens
Authors: Chen Sujuan , Xu Nuo , Ta Lei , Li Shi , Su Xiang , Xue Jing , Du Yinping , Qin Tao , Peng Daxin
Published: October 2020

Background: Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is a highly contagious acute respiratory disease of chickens. Antigenic mutation of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) may result in a vaccination failure in the poultry industry and thus a protective vaccine against predominant ILTV strains is highly desirable. Methods: The full-length glycoprotein B (gB) gene of ILTV with the two mutated synonymous sites of fowlpox virus (FPV) transcription termination signal sequence was cloned into the insertion vector p12LS, which was co-transfected with wild-type (wt) FPV into chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) to develop a recombinant fowlpox virus-gB (rFPV-gB) candidate vaccine strain. Furthermore, its biological and immunological characteristics were evaluated. Results: The results indicated that gB gene was expressed correctly in the rFPV by indirect immunofluorescent assay and Western blot, and the rFPV-gB provided a 100% protection in immunized chickens against the challenge of predominant ILTV strains that were screened by pathogenicity assay when compared with the commercialized rFPV vaccine, which only provided 83.3%. Conclusion: rFPV-gB can be used as a potential vaccine against predominant ILTV strains.
Selection of the optimal culture medium for cultivation Fusarium sporotrichioides Sherb
Authors:   North Caucasian Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture, Astapchuk I.L. , Marchenko N.A. ,   North Caucasian Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture, Yakuba G.V. ,   North Caucasian Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture, Nasonov A.I. ,   North Caucasian Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture
Published: October 2020

The influence of various culture media on the growth, morphological and cultural characteristics of the fungus F. sporotrichioides was studied. Ten culture media were used in our research. A comparative study of the growth rate of the F. sporotrichioides mycelium made it possible to identify two media that are the most suitable for the cultivation and identification of this species, namely carrot and tomato agar. We took into account such criteria as ensuring the maximum degree of sporulation, rapid growth and development of mycelium (the 7th day), colony diameter (71–78 mm), as well as the ease of preparation. Nirenberg culture medium can be used to obtain a large number of conidia of the fungus. Because of the high variability of cultural characteristics of F. sporotrichioides, we recommend using different composition of media.
Effect of pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds with silicon-containing chelate microfertilizer on the growth and development of seedlings
Authors:   Agrophysical Research Institute, Anikina L.M. , Udalova O.R. ,   Agrophysical Research Institute, Panova G.G. ,   Agrophysical Research Institute
Published: October 2020

The influence of pre-sowing seed treatment of spring wheat varieties ‘Ester’ and ‘Leningradskaya 6’ with silicon-containing chelate microfertilizer (SCM) on the seedlings’ growth and development was studied. Varietal differences of spring wheat in response to pre-sowing seed treatment with SCM were revealed. For both wheat varieties, this fertilizer stimulates the germination energy and germination itself. Thus, after SCM treatment at a concentration of 5 mg/l, there was a significant increase in ‘Ester’ seed germination energy (by 19 %) compared to control, as well as by 20–27 % in ‘Leningradskaya 6’ variety. More pronounced stimulating effect of SCM was observed for ‘Ester’ at a concentration of 1.0 mg/l; the same for ‘Leningradskaya 6’ – at a concentration of 3.0 and 5.0 mg/l.
Prospects for the integrated processing of rosemary in the Crimea
Authors:   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Belova I.V. , Grunina E.N. ,   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Glumova N.V. ,   Academy of Bioresources and Environmental Management (Academic Unit) of V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University
Published: October 2020

A complex technology for processing raw rosemary is proposed. This technological scheme allows making maximum use of the phytopotential of Rosmarinus officinalis L. raw materials and expanding the range of essential oil products. As a result of complex processing, it is possible to obtain not only rosemary essential oil but also such additional products as natural fragrant water, aqueous and alcoholic extracts of rosemary, etc. These products will allow the processing company to gain extra income and will be in demand in various industries.
Harmfulness of Alternaria leaf spot on various genotypes of grape varieties
Authors:   North Caucasian Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture, Burovinskaya M.V. , Yurchenko E.G. ,   North Caucasian Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture
Published: October 2020

The aim of the research was to assess the harmfulness of alternariosis on various genotypes of grape varieties. The difference in the intensity of development and spread of alternariosis in intra- and interspecific hybrids of grapes was 78.7 and 75.4 % at the end of the growing season. No harmful effect of alternariosis on the yield and quality of grapes of intraspecific hybrid (‘Sauvignon Blanc’ variety) was detected. Strong development on an interspecific hybrid (‘Bianca’ variety) led to the yield decrease by 48.6 %, and sugar content reduction – by 7.7 %.
The education sector in Mozambique: From access to epistemic quality in primary education
Authors: Mário Mouzinho , Monjane Celso M. , Santos Ricardo
Published: October 2020

From the early days of national independence in 1975, the central aim of the educational policy in Mozambique has been to ensure that all school-age children have access to school and can remain there until they have completed their basic education. In the pursuit of this aim, the extension of access to primary education was achieved relatively successfully, given that it reached a net rate of school coverage of almost 100 per cent. However, the impressive increase in school attendance rates has not been accompanied by a corresponding improvement in the quality of learning, and there are worrying signs of a considerable setback in relation to this aspect. Using this observation as a starting point, the study identifies and analyses the variables in the institutional context behind ‘schooling without learning’. The results of the study point to (i) weak state capacity; (ii) excessive dependence on external aid; and (iii) poor community involvement and participation in school management, as being factors with a major influence on the poor quality of education in primary schools.
Decentralization reforms in Mozambique: The role of institutions in the definition of results
Authors: Forquilha Salvador
Published: October 2020

With the introduction of the economic reforms in the late 1980s, the opening up of the political arena and the end of the civil war in the early 1990s, the decentralization process began in Mozambique. Different research developed in recent years shows that, as is the case in other countries in sub-Saharan Africa, the impact of the decentralization reforms on the promotion of local development and the strengthening of democracy in Mozambique is modest. How can this modest impact be explained? Based on three important reforms in the decentralization process in Mozambique, namely the ‘7 million’, municipalization and decentralized provincial governance, this article seeks to answer this question by analysing how different aspects of the institutions affect the results of the reforms. The main argument in the article underlines the idea according to which the results of the decentralization reforms in Mozambique are constrained by the nature and by the operation mechanisms of the political system. Of these institutional factors/constraints, state capacity and independence from private interests, particularly political groups, stand out in the three reforms analysed throughout this article. In this context, the reforms develop according to group interests, particularly party political interests, which capture the state and use the reforms as a mechanism for maintaining and bolstering political power. In this sense, rather than being a means of improving the provision of public services and strengthening democracy, decentralization works more as an instrument for reinforcing state control and pandering to the elite. This is probably the biggest challenge decentralization is facing in Mozambique, therefore making it a fundamental issue to be taken into account in any reform in this area, within the context of strengthening democracy and promoting local development.
Donor relations and sovereignty
Authors: Flentø Johnny , Santos Simao Leonardo
Published: October 2020

As a sovereign country, Mozambique initially relied on international solidarity and managed its donor relations well. Donor dependency entailed some loss of agency for the government as it allowed donors to challenge its capacity but never its authority. However, in the last decade, donor countries have expressed disappointment with reforms and challenged the government’s legitimacy. This is not only because of developments in Mozambique. Donor countries have become less enthusiastic about long-term, harmonized development cooperation and less concerned with aid effectiveness for poverty alleviation and inclusive growth. Aid budgets are under pressure and development finance is linked more to other donor countries’ foreign policy concerns, especially security and commerce. Mozambique should expect increasing instrumentalization of aid budgets by donors. It must be able to address its partners’ concerns other than those of poverty alleviation, human rights, and democracy and carefully weigh conflicting interests of its partners against its own long-term interests. The institutions Mozambique developed to deal with donors are not well suited to today’s challenges. They focus on less relevant areas of the relationship with foreign countries, which often serve other agendas. Reforms could start with strengthening Mozambique’s foreign service as a genuine coordinator of foreign relations and the establishment of greater discipline around national plans and strategies. Institutionalizing strong links between the foreign ministry and key economic ministries under the leadership of the prime minister could help.
Natural resources, institutions, and economic transformation in Mozambique
Authors: Macuane Jose Jaime , Muianga Carlos
Published: October 2020

In the light of Mozambique’s natural resources boom—especially its large-scale investments in mining, oil, and gas—this paper analyses the prospects for the extractive industries to contribute to economic transformation from an institutional perspective. To this purpose, we address the institutional dynamics of the resources sector and consider the underlying causes of the identified outcomes. The National Development Strategy, as the instrument presenting the vision for economic transformation and diversification, is discussed. The paper is based on a desk review—documental and bibliographic—and on primary data gathered by the authors as part of their research into the field of natural resources and the political economy of development. We conclude that, given Mozambique’s political patronage and clientelism, intra-ruling elite competition, limited productive base, weak state capacity, high level of poverty, and recurrent fiscal deficits, the prospects of the current resource boom leading to economic transformation, despite its considerable potential, are at best uncertain.
La «autonomía procesal» y el Tribunal Constitucional: apuntes sobre una relación inventada
Authors: Monroy Gálvez Juan
Published: October 2020

El autor trabaja lo referente a los antecedentes del llamado instituto de «autonomía procesal», tomando para ello el estudio realizado por la autora española Patricia Rodríguez-Mendoza, para concluir, con respecto a este, que sus referencias son a la «autonomía procedimental» y no a la «autonomía procesal», para lo que establece previamente la diferencia entre «procedimiento y proceso». A partir de ello, enfatiza que la mencionada autora reconoce la precariedad de la institución de «autonomía procesal». Finalmente, el autor concluye que con su artículo busca develar que el uso de la Autotomía Procesal Constitucional ha sido fundamento para los «estropicios» causados en muchas sentencias del Tribunal Constitucional.
Cooperación Judicial Internacional en el Sistema de Derecho Internacional Privado Peruano
Authors: Arriola Espino Marcela
Published: October 2020

El Derecho Internacional Privado se vincula con las diferentes disciplinas jurídicas; de ahí que dentro del marco del Derecho Procesal Internacional, uno de sus importantes temas sea la Cooperación Judicial Internacional también llamada Asistencia Judicial Internacional.

La práctica de actos procesales fuera del lugar del proceso con elemento extranjero es común, y ello es posible gracias a la voluntad de los Estados de que el principio de soberanía y de territorialidad del proceso no sea un impedimento para la actuación de diligencias fundamentales que permitan dilucidar una controversia. La práctica de notificaciones, actuación de pruebas, ejecución de medidas cautelares e información del Derecho extranjero, utilizando el mecanismo del exhorto internacional o carta rogatoria, invocando tratados sobre la materia o el principio de reciprocidad, lo permite. Una breve visión al respecto, teniendo en cuenta el sistema de Derecho Internacional Privado peruano, se trata en este trabajo.
Los jueces y la reparación del «Daño al Proyecto de Vida»
Authors: Fernández Sessarego Carlos
Published: October 2020

El autor ofrece una panorámica del estado contemporáneo del Derecho de Daños, en general, y del daño a la persona, en particular, a la luz de los aportes de la Filosofía de la Existencia, que significaron el trascendental cambio de una visión patrimonialista por una centrada en la protección integral del ser humano en cuanto a su libertad. Como consecuencia de ello, el autor detiene su atención en la descripción, características, recepción jurisprudencial y adecuada reparación del daño al «proyecto de vida»; sin dejar de desconocer la imperiosa e impostergable necesidad de una adecuada como cabal formación del juez en esta materia.
Burocracias expertas y exitosas en Argentina: Los casos de educación primaria y salud pública (1870–1930)
Authors: Salvatore Ricardo
Published: October 2020

En este artículo, me propongo reconsiderar la relación entre estas burocracias expertas y la provisión de servicios básicos constitutivos al “bien común” en Argentina. Me concentro en particular en la educación básica y la salud pública durante el período Conservador (1880–1915) y el de las administraciones de la Unión Cívica Radical (1916–1930). Este estudio postula la existencia de una conexión necesaria entre la provisión de esos bienes públicos y la expansión de las burocracias estatales.
La proﬁlaxis de la locura en la agenda política: saberes y técnicos de la Higiene Mental en la metamorfosis del Estado santafesino de entreguerras
Authors: Allevi José Ignacio
Published: October 2020

El trabajo que sigue se propone rastrear la inscripción de los saberes de la higiene mental en la agenda de salud pública del Estado santafesino a lo largo del período de entreguerras. En el marco de una serie de incorporaciones especíﬁcas y progresivas de este discurso cientíﬁco en instituciones provinciales a lo largo de la década, sostenemos que este proceso trasluce la hegemonización del sentido de la disciplina psiquiátrica local y nacional operada por esta corriente, situación contrapuesta a su inicial cuestionamiento aﬁnes de los años 1920 en la Facultad de Medicina de la ciudad de Rosario. A lo largo del artículo intentaremos dar cuenta, entonces, del entrecruzamiento de lógicas entre un proceso de circulación de saberes y expertos en el área, y otro de progresiva transformación del Estado; cruce cuyo punto de inﬂ exión será el pasaje de una política de inﬂ uencias en la concreción de distintos proyectos institucionales hacia un enfoque de política pública.
Coleccionismo, museo y saberes estatales. La colección de Enrique Amadeo Artayeta en el Museo de la Patagonia (Argentina) 1939-1950
Authors: Pupio María Alejandra , Piantoni Giulietta
Published: October 2020

En este trabajo se analiza la creación del Museo de la Patagonia “Dr. Francisco P. Moreno” de San Carlos de Bariloche entre 1939 y 1940, en una doble dimensión: como proyecto institucional en el marco del Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi dependiente la Dirección de Parques Nacionales creada en 1934, y como expresión de la práctica del coleccionismo y de la afición a la ciencia. La figura que une ambas dimensiones es Enrique Amadeo Artayeta, hacendado, coleccionista, científico aficionado y escritor de la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Los contactos y su trayectoria como coleccionista le permitieron ser el primer Director de la nueva institución creada sobre la base de su propia colección arqueológica que el Estado nacional le comprara por intermedio de la actuación de los profesionales del Museo de La Plata.En las décadas de 1930 y 1940 se expandió el mapa de museos en ciudades de provincias y Territorios Nacionales, muchos de los cuales tuvieron su origen en las figuras de coleccionistas y amateurs que cedieron sus colecciones para dar origen a esas instituciones. Las prácticas coleccionistas constituyeron el corpus de los saberes estatales respecto a la adquisición de colecciones, a la conservación y exhibición de los materiales. En este sentido, el estudio de caso aquí desarrollado propone la discusión de los museos como agencias estatales insertas en las prácticas de las burocracias de la administración pública, al mismo tiempo que definidas por las redes de sociabilidad que estos aficionados pudieron establecer desde sus espacios de actuación.
¿Transferencia de modelos institucionales o redes de asuntos de expertos? Análisis de un préstamo para ciencia y tecnología en Argentina del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo durante los noventa
Authors: Aristimuño Francisco , Aguiar Diego , Magrini Nicolás
Published: October 2020

Algunos analistas de las políticas de ciencia, tecnología e innovación (PCTI) resaltaron la relevancia que tuvieron los organismos internacionales en la creación de instituciones e instrumentos en América Latina y el Caribe (ALC). Este trabajo analiza el papel que jugó el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) en las PCTI que intentaron que Argentina construya un Sistema Nacional de Innovación durante los años noventa. A partir del caso de estudio (el Programa de Modernización Tecnológica I), Argentina se constituyó en el principal tomador de créditos del BID de ALC para financiar CTI. Este trabajo utiliza desarrollos conceptuales recientes del campo conocido como estudios sobre expertos en políticas públicas. En particular, se aplica el concepto de redes de asuntos para analizar el entramado de relaciones e interacciones entre agentes, instituciones y marcos cognitivos involucrados con los grupos de expertos en un campo de políticas públicas. Se concluye que, en las redes de asuntos se producen procesos de circulación de conocimientos, recepción y además reelaboración de los mismos. Y esos procesos tienen consecuencias en la construcción de las agendas de las PCTI.
Neuquén (Argentina) en clave política. Estado y partido, 1961-1991
Authors: Favaro Orietta
Published: October 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo es acercar algunas consideraciones sobre el predominio de un partido en Neuquén, a partir de refl exiones sobre su desarrollo y el de sus sectores dirigentes, en una dinámica que relaciona el Estado, la sociedad y la política. Si bien el trabajo se circunscribe en el período que transcurre entre el origen del partido hasta el momento de cambios importantes en su dirigencia y en la fuerza, es necesario hacer referencia al Neuquén antes de ser provincializado en 1958. La propuesta apunta a presentar algunas claves para entender la pervivencia del Movimiento Popular Neuquino (MPN), revisitando el origen y funcionamiento del Estado provincial, la sociedad y la política del partido local. De este modo, el artículo presenta tres apartados. En el primero, se caracteriza brevemente el Neuquén territoriano; luego, el nudo del trabajo, explica los momentos centrales de este partido hasta que se convierte en hegemónico en el sistema político y cómo logra canalizar el acuerdo mayoritario de la heterogénea sociedad neuquina. Por último, se intenta presentar la concurrencia de estado-partido-sociedad en la dinámica política que desarrolló la fuerza provincial y que le permite gobernar aún la provincia.
El área de Trabajo y Previsión en el Estado peronista (1943-1955)
Authors: Luciani María Paula
Published: October 2020

A fines de 1943, el gobierno militar que dirigía la Argentina lanzó el decreto de creación de la secretaría de Trabajo y Previsión. Esta agencia se gestó sobre la base de su institución antecesora, el departamento nacional del Trabajo, pero hubo novedades en el alcance y nacionalización de las funciones, en los saberes considerados valiosos para la gestión y en los nichos de reclutamiento estatal. El surgimiento del área de Trabajo y Previsión del Estado Nacional se ligó con los orígenes del peronismo, pero se comprende en relación con un proceso previo de construcción estatal de conocimiento sobre el mundo del trabajo y de demandas sociales que fueron convocando a los poderes públicos. Para profundizar el conocimiento del área, este trabajo propone una periodización de su derrotero entre 1943 y 1955, poniendo la lupa en el proceso de transformación de una agencia del Estado en relación con los cambios observados en su organización interna, los recursos asignados, el personal y los saberes comprometidos en su construcción y funcionamiento.
El Ministerio de Bienestar Social entre el onganiato y la última dictadura (1966-1983). Análisis de la estrategia de intervención social del Estado en la historia argentina reciente
Authors: Osuna Florencia
Published: October 2020

Este artículo reconstruye las estrategias de intervención del Ministerio de Bienestar Social/Acción Social, desde su creación en 1966, durante el régimen de facto presidido por Juan Carlos Onganía, hasta el fi nal de la última dictadura argentina, en 1983. En relación con esto, por un lado, analiza las trayectorias, los discursos y los idearios de los funcionarios involucrados con las políticas del área. Por otro lado, da cuenta de los principales proyectos ministeriales de los diferentes gobiernos del período y las características de las políticas impulsadas e implementadas. El enfoque diacrónico que adopta el trabajo busca evidenciar los cambios y las continuidades en los actores, los discursos y las prácticas de esta agencia estatal en esos complejos años de la historia argentina reciente. De esta manera, intenta demostrar que este ministerio fue un espacio utilizado por diversos actores para proyectar distintas utopías sobre el orden social deseable.
Imágenes, modelos e influencias reformistas en Argentina y España a comienzos del siglo XX
Authors: González Leandri Ricardo , Suriano Juan
Published: October 2020

Este artículo analiza los puntos de contacto, similitudes e influencias que existieron a comienzos del siglo XX entre las políticas de reforma impulsadas en España y Argentina para enfrentar la llamada cuestión social. Gira alrededor de los intelectuales, funcionarios y políticos que las impulsaron, para lo cual pone en diálogo dos iniciativas específicas de reforma laboral llevadas adelante en ambos países en unos años clave para sus respectivas historias sociales (1900- 1905). Se trata, por un lado, de la propuesta de creación del Instituto del Trabajo en 1902, impulsado por el exministro de Agricultura, José Canalejas y Méndez, que si bien no se concretó dio lugar, dos años más tarde, al Instituto de Reformas Sociales de España; por otro, del proyecto de ley Nacional del Trabajo promovido en 1904, por el ministro delInterior de Argentina, Joaquín V. González, que al igual que la propuesta española también fracasó al no ser tratado por el Parlamento, aunque derivó en la creación de las primeras leyes laborales en Argentina.
Patrullando el territorio patagónico. Las policías fronterizas como productoras del espacio social (1911, 1918 y 1930)
Authors: Pérez Pilar
Published: October 2020

Este   artículo   periodiza   las   apariciones   de   cuerpos   policia-­ les   denominados   “policías   fronterizas”   en   la   Patagonia   en   1911,  1918  y  1930.  Las  “fronterizas”,  como  son  llamadas   habitualmente,  fueron  cuerpos  de  seguridad  especiales  que   se  destacaron  por  la  violencia  de  sus  acciones  en  los  patru-­ llajes  dentro  de  los  territorios  y  sobre  la  zona  de  frontera,   así  como  por  sus  breves  periodos  de  existencia.  Nos  pro-­ ponemos  conocer  las  características  de  cada  cuerpo  en  su   contexto   de   aparición,   así   como   sus   potencialidades   para   hacer  y  marcar  el  territorio.  Cada  experiencia  produjo  una   cartografía   particular   que   da   cuenta   de   las   proyecciones   estatales  y  de  sus  políticas  de  seguridad  hacia  la  Patagonia   en  la  primera  mitad  del  siglo  XX.  A  su  vez,  las  fronterizas   trazaron   umbrales   de   pertenencia   y   exclusión   dentro   de   geografías   condicionadas   de   movilidad   con   importantes   y   perdurables  efectos  sociales.
Territorio, Estado e imaginación técnica popular durante el primer peronismo: políticas públicas, prensa y cartas a Perón (1946-1955)
Authors: Comastri Hernán
Published: October 2020

El presente trabajo busca reconstruir las formas en las que la imaginación técnica popular de las décadas del cuarenta y cincuenta en la Argentina reimaginó el territorio nacional a partir de las posibilidades que consideraba abiertas por la ciencia y la tecnologías modernas. Pero también, a partir de un nuevo contacto con el Estado Nacional, que a partir de las políticas del primer peronismo (1946-1955) se materializó en el territorio como un interlocutor real para los proyectos de desarrollo económico y social. Estos imaginarios se expresaron en la campaña de envío de cartas con iniciativas a ser incluidas en el Segundo Plan Quinquenal, convocada por el propio presidente Perón y que hoy forma un acervo de cientos de testimonios de inventores populares y pensadores autodidactas reunido en el Archivo General de la Nación. A través del estudio de las mismas será posible observar una transformación en las formas de concebir la modernidad en relación a la ruralidad y el territorio, en tanto las demandas de la industrialización y de los reclamos de soberanía sobre una porción de la Antártida, por ejemplo, crearon nuevos objetos y preocupaciones para los imaginarios sociales de la Argentina de mediados del siglo XX.
La cuestión de los refugiados en la política exterior de la Argentina durante el tercer gobierno peronista y la dictadura militar (1973-1983)
Authors: Casola Natalia
Published: October 2020

Este artículo analiza la política Exterior del tercer gobierno peronista y de la dictadura militar en organismos multilaterales con relación a un problema en particular: la situación de los exiliados y, más especialmente, refugiados del Cono Sur en el país. Desde finales de 1973 en adelante la cuestión de los refugiados en Argentina adquirió una notable complejidad. La presencia de chilenos y latinoamericanos interpelaba al Estado desde lugares distintos, incluso, antagónicos. Así, las políticas poblacionales convivieron con los enfoques de “seguridad nacional” y “guerra antisubversiva” que transformaba a los recién llegados en potenciales “enemigos”. Desde el punto de vista de la política exterior, la cuestión de los refugiados fue desde el inicio una cuestión de “guerra” por la imagen del país. En este trabajo nos proponemos examinar los usos políticos que hicieron los diplomáticos argentinos sobre los refugiados en un periodo atravesado por la violencia organizada en el marco del Plan Cóndor, que colocó a la Argentina y al resto de las dictaduras de la región en el foco de la mirada de los organismos internaciones que vigilaban el cumplimiento de los derechos humanos.
La ciudad de Bogotá: entre el “giro a la izquierda” y el “giro a la derecha” en América Latina
Authors: Cepeda-Másmela Carolina
Published: October 2020

Este artículo analiza el caso de Bogotá en el periodo 2002-2018 teniendo en cuenta las nociones de giro a la izquierda y giro a la derecha en América Latina. Argumenta que tales nociones son insuficientes para dar cuenta de los procesos políticos de la ciudad, y del país, debido a que en este periodo se iniciaron procesos de participación política que han contribuido a que ciertas problemáticas se debatan de manera amplia y que no sean fácilmente reducibles a las expresiones electorales.  Se presenta, en primer lugar, una radiografía del comportamiento en bogotano las elecciones presidenciales (2002-2018) y en el plebiscito por el acuerdo de paz de 2016 con el fin de identificar algunas diferencias y similitudes con el comportamiento nacional. En segundo lugar, se hace una contextualización de los resultados de las elecciones para la Alcaldía del periodo 2003-2015, planteando algunas preguntas sobre las decisiones electorales de los bogotanos para su gobierno local, enfatizando algunos elementos sobre el contexto de 2015 que es cuando los partidos de derecha retornan al poder. Finalmente, se identifican temas, discusiones y propuestas de actores sociales en oposición al actual gobierno que permiten controvertir la idea de que los resultados electorales son el reflejo de un nuevo giro a la derecha de la sociedad latinoamericana; al contrario, el artículo concluye que la ciudad, al igual que el electorado de buena parte de la región, se encuentra ante un marco de polarización política que se expresa en distintos conflictos sociales que trascienden el ámbito electoral.