bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
California margin temperatures modulate regional circulation and extreme summer precipitation in the desert Southwest
Authors: Bhattacharya Tripti , Feng Ran , Maupin Chris , Coats Sloan , Brennan Peter , Carter Elizabeth
Published: June 2023

In August 2022, Death Valley, the driest place in North America, experienced record flooding from summertime rainfall associated with the North American monsoon (NAM). Given the socioeconomic cost of these type of events, there is a dire need to understand their drivers and future statistics. Existing theory predicts that increases in the intensity of precipitation is a robust response to anthropogenic warming. Paleoclimatic evidence suggests that northeast Pacific (NEP) sea surface temperature (SST) variability could further intensify summertime NAM rainfall over the desert southwest. Drawing on this paleoclimatic evidence, we use historical observations and reanalyzes to test the hypothesis that warm SSTs on the southern California margin are linked to more frequent extreme precipitation events in the NAM domain. We find that summers with above-average coastal SSTs are more favorable to moist convection in the northern edge of the NAM domain (southern California, Arizona, New Mexico, and the southern Great Basin). This is because warmer SSTs drive circulation changes that increase moisture flux into the desert southwest, driving more frequent precipitation extremes and increases in seasonal rainfall totals. These results, which are robust across observational products, establish a linkage between marine and terrestrial extremes, since summers with anomalously warm SSTs on the California margin have been linked to seasonal or multi-year NEP marine heatwaves. However, current generation earth system models (ESMs) struggle to reproduce the observed relationship between coastal SSTs and NAM precipitation. Across models, there is a strong negative relationship between the magnitude of an ESM's warm SST bias on the California margin and its skill at reproducing the correlation with desert southwest rainfall. Given persistent NEP SST biases in ESMs, our results suggest that efforts to improve representation of climatological SSTs are crucial for accurately predicting future changes in hydroclimate extremes in the desert southwest.
A diffuse interface method for earthquake rupture dynamics based on a phase-field model
Authors: Hayek Jorge , May Dave , Pranger Casper , Gabriel Alice-Agnes
Published: June 2023

In traditional modeling approaches, earthquakes are often depicted as displacement discontinuities across zero-thickness surfaces embedded within a linear elastodynamic continuum. This simplification, however, overlooks the intricate nature of natural fault zones and may fail to capture key physical phenomena integral to fault processes. Here, we propose a diffuse interface description for dynamic earthquake rupture modeling to address these limitations and gain deeper insight into fault zones’ multifaceted volumetric failure patterns, mechanics, and seismicity. Our model leverages a steady-state phase-field, implying time-independent fault zone geometry, which is defined by the contours of a signed distance function relative to a virtual fault plane. Our approach extends the classical stress glut method, adept at approximating fault-jump conditions through inelastic alterations to stress components. We remove the sharp discontinuities typically introduced by the stress glut approach via our spatially smooth, mesh-independent fault representation while maintaining the method's inherent logical simplicity within the well-established spectral element method framework. We verify our approach using 2D numerical experiments in an open-source spectral element implementation, examining both a kinematically driven Kostrov-like crack and spontaneous dynamic rupture in diffuse fault zones. The capabilities of our methodology are showcased through mesh-independent planar and curved fault zone geometries. Moreover, we highlight that our phase-field-based diffuse rupture dynamics models contain fundamental variations within the fault zone. Dynamic stresses intertwined with a volumetrically applied friction law give rise to oblique plastic shear and fault reactivation, markedly impacting rupture front dynamics and seismic wave radiation. Our results encourage future applications of phase-field-based earthquake modeling.
Full vector inversion of magnetic microscopy images using Euler deconvolution as a priori information
Authors: Ferreira de Souza Junior Gelson , Uieda Leonardo , Ferreira da Trindade Ricardo , Carmo Janine , Fu Roger
Published: June 2023

Paleomagnetic data are usually obtained from whole cylindric samples, where the signal results from the sum of magnetic moments from hundreds of thousands to millions of magnetic particles within the sample volume. This usually includes both stable and unstable remanence carriers.Recently, magnetic microscopy techniques allowed the investigation of individual grains by directly imaging their magnetic field. However, the determination of the magnetic moments of individual grains is hindered by the intrinsic ambiguity in the inversion of potential field data, as well as by the large number of grains found in any one microscopy image. We present a fast, semi-automated algorithm capable of estimating the position and magnetization of each ferromagnetic (l.s) source using only the magnetic microscopy data. Our algorithm works in three steps: (i) we first apply image processing techniques to identify and isolate data window boundaries for each source; (ii) with these window boundaries, the position of the sources is estimated using Euler deconvolution; and finally (iii) using the position information, the algorithm is able to estimate the magnetic dipole moment direction and intensity for each source through an overdetermined linear inverse problem using a dipolar approximation. The method does not require any type of additional information about the sample or the sources. Sensitivity tests were run to estimate the stability of our routine to the depth of particles, signal-to-noise ratio, and non-dipolarity of the sources. Tests with simple synthetic data show the high effectiveness of the methodology for recovering the position and magnetic information for both dipolar and non-dipolar sources. More complex synthetic data including over 100 different magnetic particles were devised to emulate real rock data. Results obtained on these data also show the feasibility and robustness of the algorithm to semi-automatically estimate the position and magnetic moment of a large number of particles. This is further confirmed through an application to real data in which we are able to retrieve the expected bimodal isothermal remanent directions that were induced in the sample. Given its semi-automatic nature, its low processing cost, and the possibility of simultaneous inversion of the magnetic moment of a great number of magnetic particles, the methodology here proposed is a step forward in enabling paleomagnetic applications of magnetic microscopy.
(As yet) unsolved questions about amniotic fluid-borne flavours and their perception by the human fetus. Reply to the letter by Dr J. G. Alves in Psychological Science
Authors: Schaal Benoist , Ustun Beyza , Blissett Jacqueline , Reissland Nadja
Published: June 2023

We thank Dr Alves for his comments on our paper entitled “Flavor Sensing in Utero and Emerging Behaviors in the Human Fetus” (Ustun et al., 2022). As we acknowledge and Dr Alves highlights, the behavioural responsiveness of the human fetus to chemosensory stimuli delivered in utero has so far been rarely investigated in utero, contrary to rat or ovine fetuses, which behavioural and psychophysiological reactions could be more extensively assessed using chemostimuli applied directly in the womb (e.g., Robinson et al., 1995; Schaal et al., 1991; Smotherman & Robinson, 1987). Rather most studies rely on a posteriori evidence with infants being re-exposed to chemostimuli which they could “only” have experienced prenatally. Therefore, many of the biological and psychobiological issues raised by Ustun et al.’s study need further work. Specifically, on 1) chemoreceptor system(s) and 2) brain structures and cognitive processes involved, on 3) the nature, kinetics and pathways of exogenous chemostimuli that reach fetal chemoreceptors, and on 4) the nature and timing of fetal responses. In this letter, we reply to Dr Alves’s comments.
Motor Sequence Learning is Independent of Spacing, Micro-consolidation, and Reactive Inhibition
Authors: Gupta Mohan , Rickard Timothy Charles
Published: June 2023

For declarative memory tasks, spaced training has repeatedly been shown to yield more learning than massed training. Recent evidence from Gupta & Rickard (in press) tentatively suggests that spacing may also facilitate motor sequence learning, by either promoting learning during breaks (micro-consolidation), decreasing reactive inhibition (RI), or both. The micro-consolidation hypothesis states that motor learning occurs during breaks via hippocampal-neocortical replay, such that more frequent breaks may facilitate learning. RI refers to a pattern of worsening performance during continual task training that dissipates during breaks. Prior work is inconclusive regarding whether RI may also attenuate learning. During the training phase of a motor sequence task, we jointly manipulated two pertinent factors – the number of correct sequences per trial and the break period between trials – while holding the total number of correct training sequences constant. On a later test, groups were equated on both of those factors. In each of the two experiments, a pronounced performance difference between groups was observed at the end of training. Nevertheless, performance on the test was statistically indistinguishable. Hence, it appears that RI had little or no effect on learning and that micro-consolidation during breaks either did not occur or did not depend on the duration and distribution of breaks. Our results indicate that, at least under some circumstances, spaced training does not facilitate motor skill learning.
Defining Distress Tolerance in a Structural Model of Big Five Personality Domains
Authors: Conway Christopher C , Naragon-Gainey Kristin , Lopez Maria Martin
Published: June 2023

Distress tolerance (DT)--willingness to face internal discomforts--has a fuzzy boundary with Neuroticism (low Emotional Stability), raising questions about its independent contribution to mental health. We investigated DT’s overlap with Neuroticism and other Big Five factors in a structural model of personality and personality-disorder features in samples of university students (N = 1,025), emotional-disorder patients (N = 225), and substance-use patients (N = 210). In exploratory factor analyses, we found that DT indicators clustered with Neuroticism and were essentially unrelated to other Big Five domains. Big Five personality dimensions collectively explained approximately 70% of variation in DT indicators in this model. We conclude that DT and Neuroticism are near neighbors in conceptual space and speculate that much of the observed correlation between DT and mental-health outcomes in the literature may be carried by shared Neuroticism variance. We suggest that clearer distinctions between the two constructs in empirical research could improve our understanding of DT’s unique role in the development and treatment of psychopathology.
The Dilution of Diversity: Ironic Effects of Broadening Diversity
Authors: Kirby Teri Ann
Published: June 2023

Diversity is one of the buzzwords of the twenty-first century. But who counts as diverse? We coded diversity statements to examine how organizations typically define diversity and whether oppressed-group members perceive some definitions as diluting diversity, or detracting from the original intention of diversity initiatives. Organizations most commonly opted for a broad definition of diversity (38%) that focused on diversity in perspectives and skills, with no mention of demographic group identities (e.g., race; Study 1). In Studies 2-3, people of color perceived broad statements as diluting diversity more than other diversity statements. They were also less interested in working at those organizations, and broad statements led sexual minorities to be less willing to disclose their sexual identity (Study 4). Thus, broadening the definition of diversity to include individual characteristics and skills may backfire, unless the importance of demographic diversity is also acknowledged.
Human Observers Are Accurate in Judging Personal Relationships in Real-life Settings: A Methodological Tool for Human Observational Research
Authors: Liebst Lasse Suonperä , Baggesen Lasse , Dausel Kasper Lykke , Pallante Virginia , Lindegaard Marie Rosenkrantz
Published: June 2023

One limitation of the naturalistic observation method is that it is understudied how accurately personal relationships may be judged by observers in real-life settings. To assess this judgment accuracy, we observed 285 dyads of individuals in public places and then questioned whether they were affiliated or strangers. Human observers were found to have a very high accuracy in judging peoples’ actual personal relationships. Moreover, several non-verbal cues, including direct interaction and age similarities, were identified as correlates of affiliation. We conclude that researchers may accurately judge personal relationships from non-verbal observational data and recommend that this should be utilized as a methodological tool in naturalistic observational studies.
Testing the response suppression mechanism of working memory
Authors: Kowialiewski Benjamin , Oberauer Klaus
Published: June 2023

Many working memory (WM) paradigms involve recalling multiple items from the same memory set. Participants rarely repeat items they have already recalled, avoiding repetition errors. To prevent these errors, WM models incorporate a response suppression mechanism that removes recalled items from the set of response options. Despite its importance for our understanding of WM, response suppression has received limited direct testing. To address this gap, we used computational models implementing two hypothetical mechanisms of response suppression to derive predictions and tested these predictions experimentally. Participants were asked to recall the same items multiple times during a single trial. If already recalled items are removed from the response set to prevent repetition errors, memory performance should be impaired when the same item is tested again. Contrary to this, we found that memory performance was unimpaired when the same item was tested a second time, and even displayed a recall advantage. Therefore, this study demonstrates the implausibility of response suppression to account for how people avoid repetition errors. We discuss alternative explanations.
“Rear bias” in spatial auditory perception: Attentional and affective vigilance to sounds occurring outside the visual field
Authors: Olszanowski Michal , Frankowska Natalia , Tołopiło Aleksandra
Published: June 2023

Presented studies explored the rear bias phenomenon, i.e., the attentional and affective bias to sounds occurring behind the listener. Physiological and psychological reactions (i.e., fEMG, EDA/SCR, Simple Reaction Task – SRT, and self-assessments of affect-related states) were measured in response to tones of different frequencies (Study 1) and emotional vocalizations (Study 2) presented in rear and front spatial locations. Results showed that emotional vocalizations, when located in the back, facilitate reactions related to attention orientation (i.e., auricularis muscle response and simple reaction times) and evoke higher arousal – both physiological (as measured by SCR) and psychological (self-assessment scale). Importantly, observed asymmetries were larger for negative and threat-related signals (e.g., anger) than positive/non-threatening ones (e.g., achievement). By contrast, there were only small differences for the relatively higher frequency tones. The observed relationships are discussed in terms of one of the postulated auditory system's functions, which is monitoring of the environment in order to quickly detect potential threats that occur outside of the visual field (e.g., behind one's back).
Daily Aggression Domains Differentially Relate to Daily Affect and Self-Esteem
Authors: Webster Gregory D. , Nezlek John B.
Published: June 2023

How do daily fluctuations in aggression relate to daily variability in affect and self-esteem? Although research has examined how trait aggression relates to affect and self-esteem, state aggression has received little attention. To this end, we had 120 U.S. undergraduates participate in a 14-day daily diary study where they responded to state-level measures of aggression, affect, and self-esteem. Crucially, we used multifaceted state measures of both aggression (anger, hostility, verbal aggression, physical aggression) and affect (positive vs. negative, activated vs. deactivated). Multilevel models revealed that daily anger and hostility related positively to daily negative affect and negatively to daily positive affect. Similarly, daily anger and hostility related negatively to daily self-esteem. In contrast, daily verbal and physical aggression were largely unrelated to daily affect and self-esteem; however, unexpectedly, daily physical aggression related positively to daily positive activated affect, but only when controlling for the other daily aggression domains. Overall, daily attitudinal aggression measures—anger and hostility—related to daily affect and self-esteem in theoretically consistent ways, whereas daily behavioral aggression measures—verbal and physical aggression—did not. Our findings support expanding the General Aggression Model to incorporate state-level processes.
Relieving the Burden: Identifying Diminishing Returns to Create More Efficient Tasks
Authors: Pratt Danielle N. , Feuerstahler Leah , Gold James , Luck Steven J , Barch Deanna , Carter Cameron , Ragland John Daniel , Silverstein Steven , MacDonald Angus
Published: June 2023

Background: If well-constructed, efficient measures of cognition have the potential to increase validity, while decreasing research burden and costs for participants and assessors with little loss of reliability. There is the possibility that long and difficult measures create even noisier data for people with serious mental illness compared to the general population. In this study, we aim to assess the extent to which working memory and reinforcement learning tasks can be made more efficient.Methods: Participants included 185 people with serious mental illness and 75 controls. Internal consistency (Cronbach’s , Item-Total Correlations, and/or Spearman-Brown Prophecy Correlations) and test-retest reliability (Intraclass Correlations) were calculated for increasing subsets of trials on each task to assess the point at which reliability reached acceptable and good levels or reached diminishing returns.Results: Generally, the tasks had met acceptable internal consistency values by the time only half of the values had been included and either good reliability or diminishing returns by the time two-thirds of the task trials were considered. This was largely similar for test-retest on the working memory tasks, but acceptable test-retest reliability was mostly never achieved on the reinforcement learning tasks.Conclusions: Overall, each of the working memory and reinforcement learning tasks can be made 25-50% more efficient without significant loss of psychometric integrity. However, there may be limitations on the utility of some of the tasks due to acceptable test-retest reliability never being achieved.
The Cognitive Benefits of Embodied Learning in the Context of Early School Literacy
Authors: Damsgaard Linn , Topor Marta , Nielsen Anne-Mette Veber , Gejl Anne Kær , Malling Anne Sofie Bøgh , Christensen Mark Schram , Kildahl Søren , Hansen Rasmus Ahmt , Wienecke Jacob
Published: June 2023

Reading is a complex, yet fundamental academic skill that school children are taught all over the world. Although, literacy learning relies on attentional and perceptual processing of visual and auditory inputs, it has been found to also benefit from embodied learning, e.g., motor activities as an integrated strategy to recognise and remember letters. We explored mechanisms and effects of integrated embodied activity in young school children (5-8-year-olds), in both a lab experiment (n=18) including electroencephalography and an applied setting (8-week school intervention pro-ject; n=144). The electroencephalographic experiment revealed that embodied activity stimulates attentional and perceptual processing compared to control (non-active) letter discrimination prac-tice and the school intervention study showed that early literacy educational outcomes were facilitated in children with an initial lower working memory performance. These novel results indicate that reinforcement of cognitive processing could be a candidate mechanism to explain the efficacy of embodied literacy learning.
Estimation of SARS-COVID antibody level in mother and newborn baby among mothers affected by covid during the antenatal period
Authors: Murali Rithanya , Logaprabhu Nandini , Vijayaraghavan Jaya
Published: June 2023

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 infection increases the incidence of severe coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) in pregnant women. An increased risk of stillbirth and problems such as preeclampsia, preterm birth, and neonatal intensive care unit hospitalization may be caused by COVID-19 during pregnancy which might lead to an increased risk of COVID-19 mortality, admission to an intensive care unit, and mechanical ventilation.
Aims and Objectives: To estimate SARS-COVID antibody level in mother and newborn baby among mothers affected by covid during the antenatal period.
Materials and Methods: This is a prospective cross-sectional study conducted at Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research from June 2021 to September 2021. A total of 30 women, affected with SARS-COVID during the antenatal period, confirmed with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction testing were included in this study. Blood samples were collected from mothers at the time of delivery and cord blood sample was used for antibody detection in mothers and neonates respectively.
Results: Severe infection was noted in 5 women (16.6%) who required oxygen supplementations, and 2 of them required heparin therapy. Women with severe illness showed decreased antibody levels-total antibody (≤500–100%), and neutralizing antibody (≤1000–60%), but statistical significance was not proved. Hence, antibody levels did not correlate with the severity of illness.
Conclusion: The current study has demonstrated that women who were pregnant during the COVID-19 pandemic had good knowledge, attitudes, and practices. It is thought that these positive aspects will be beneficial to expectant mothers who are going through pregnancy while still adhering to health protocols or advice from medical professionals on how to carry a pregnancy safely amid this COVID-19 epidemic.
Comparison of anesthetic efficacy of intrathecal 1% isobaric 2-chloroprocaine with 0.5% isobaric ropivacaine for inguinal hernia surgeries
Authors: Suman Prabha Tirkey  , Suman Gupta  , Abhishek Gupta  , Kapil Ahirwar  , Preeti Goyal
Published: June 2023

Background: Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most common surgical conditions. In the absence of other comorbidities, it can be performed as a day-care procedure. Spinal anesthesia is most preferred technique this surgery. Local anesthetics having rapid and smooth onset of action, good intraoperative analgesia, short recovery period, and least side effects are preferred.
Aims and Objectives: The objective of the study was to compare the anesthetic efficacy of intrathecal 1% isobaric 2-chloroprocaine (CP) and 0.5% isobaric ropivacaine for inguinal hernia surgeries.
Materials and Methods: Sixty patients with ASA grade I/II scheduled for elective inguinal hernia surgeries were randomly allocated into group C (n=30), received 3 mL of 1% isobaric 2- CP and group R (n=30), received 3 mL of 0.5% isobaric ropivacaine intrathecally.
Results: Demographic profile, mean time for onset of sensory blockade at T10, highest level of sensory blockade, and maximum motor blockade were comparable among the groups (P>0.05). The highest level of sensory blockade in group C is T7 and group R is T8. The mean time to two segment regression, complete sensory regression, complete motor recovery, recovery of parameters for achieving discharge criteria such as time to unassisted ambulation, drink water, micturition, and first rescue analgesia were significantly shorter in group C (P<0.0001). Visual analog scale score at the time of first rescue analgesia was significantly higher in group C (P<0.0001). Intraoperative hemodynamic changes and perioperative side effects were comparable (P>0.05).
Conclusion: CP provides faster block resolution, earlier hospital discharge, and early ambulation with minimal side effects, making it a better alternative to ropivacaine for inguinal hernia surgeries.
Abdominoperineal posterior sagittal anorectoplasty without protective colostomy in high arm pouch colon surgery
Authors: Sasanka Nath  , Subhashis Karmakar  , Samput Mallick
Published: June 2023

Background: In high anorectal malformations (ARM), surgical management includes initial colostomy at neonatal period followed by abdominoperineal posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP) without a protective colostomy.
Aims and Objectives: The aims of this study were as follows: (i) To evaluate whether 2 stage PSARP gives better outcome for high ARM than three stage and (ii) to assess overall stay duration, cost incurred, and complications associated with two stage PSARP.
Materials and Methods: A total 30 patients were studied. Fifteen patients with classical abdominoperineal PSARP with protective colostomy (three stages) constituting Group A studied retrospectively and 15 patients were studied in Group B who underwent neonatal colostomy followed by abdominoperineal PSARP without protective colostomy (Two stages). Comparative study was done between the two groups for a better choice of procedure in high ARM patients.
Results: In Group A, blood transfusion required was more than Group B. Mean expense incurred in Group A was more than Group B. Complications in Group A occur in eight patients, whereas in Group B, complications occurred in six patients.
Conclusion: Stages of high ARM and pouch colon are better alternative to three stages repair in all aspect.
Adverse events following immunization to booster dose (precautionary dose) of COVID-19 vaccine among health-care professionals in a tertiary care teaching institute
Authors: Kandula Chaitanya  , Mary Rohini P  , Bhuvaneshwari G  , Edavaluru Shravya  , Praneeth Reddy O
Published: June 2023

Background: The worldwide coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. The Government of India announced the booster dose for patients aged 18 or older on April 10, 2022. The booster dose effectively prevented and controlled the spread of COVID-19. This booster dose was effective against Omicron variant as well.
Aims and Objectives: The aims of this study were to find out the type of adverse events following immunization to booster dose (precautionary dose) and the treatment for the adverse drug reactions developed to booster dose (precautionary dose) of COVID-19 vaccine.
Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted among 157 health-care professionals over a period of 6 months, in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Subjects were interviewed for any adverse events at the time of vaccination and followed up at 6 months for delayed adverse effects. The data were collected and entered in Microsoft Excel sheet and analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: Total 157 number of health-care professionals received Booster dose (Precautionary dose) of COVID-19 vaccine in our study. Among 157 recipients, 146 were administered with Covishield vaccine (Group 1) and 11 recipients were given Covaxin (Group 2). Majority of health-care professionals were in the age group of 31–40 years. In them majority of females than males. Six recipients tested positive for COVID-19 virus with Covishield and three with Covaxin (Adverse events noted were fever, headache, body aches, chills, cough, cold, and swelling at the inj. site). There was a statistically significant difference between these two groups with P=0.01.
Conclusion: This study concludes that all the reported adverse events to booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine were non serious and were mild to moderate, which have subsided with treatment. Even though few studies on first and second dose of COVID-19 vaccine have evaluated cardiac manifestations, these findings are not evident in the present study. Hence, long-term follow-up studies are required to understand the safety of these vaccines in multiple age groups and with comorbidities.
The study of serum lipid profile in patients with cirrhosis of liver
Authors: Pandey Tilchan , Resham Gautam  , Shami Pokhrel
Published: June 2023

Background: Cirrhosis of liver is a chronic condition of hepatocellular failure due to different etiology which leads multiple complications and increases the morbidity and mortality. The aim of the study was to study the lipid profile in patients with cirrhosis and to assess if it relates to the severity of the cirrhosis. Hence, abnormal lipid profile may be the surrogate marker of the severity of cirrhosis of liver.
Aims and Objectives: Study lipid profiles in cirrhotic patients and compare with healthy population and to relate severity of cirrhosis of liver with the finding of abnormal lipids.
Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted in the department of internal medicine over a period of 6 months. It was carried on 51 cirrhotic patients and 50 non-cirrhotic subjects who attended the outpatient and inpatient department. The cirrhosis of liver was established with history, examination, and investigations.
Results: The mean total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very LDL (VLDL), respectively, of non-cirrhotic subjects was found to be higher than cirrhotic patients, respectively. All lipid profiles TC, TG, HDL, LDL, and VLDL value found to be (P<0.05) which were statically significant. Serum TC, TG, HDL, LD, and VLDL level decreased more in Child-Turcotte-Pough Criteria (CTP) Class C as compared to CTP Class B. The TC, HDL, and LDL belonged cases to the CTP class C and B showed (P<0.05) found statistical significance, which can be further correlated with the severity of cirrhosis. In the present study, the level of TG and VLDL was (P>0.05) found statistically non-significant.
Conclusion: All the lipid parameters decrease in cirrhotic patients as compare to non-cirrhotic subjects and progressively lower the parameters as severity of liver disease increased.
Gender difference in parasympathetic function by HRR1min after graded treadmill exercise in healthy obese young adults
Authors: Parimala H Krishnamurthy  , Srikanth S
Published: June 2023

Background: Heart rate recovery at 1st min (HRR1min) following exercise, an indicator of parasympathetic function is found to be impaired in obese children, adolescents, and elderly people. In children, adolescents and elderly people impaired that HRR1min was significantly associated with obese females (OF) than in males. This study aims at establishing the gender difference in HRR1min among obese young adults (18–30 years age).
Aims and Objectives: This study was conducted to assess parasympathetic function by HRR1min after graded exercise, in apparently healthy obese young adult males and females and to evaluate for gender difference in them.
Materials and Methods: Fifty obese young adults (25 males and 25 females with body mass index [BMI] ≥30) and 50 age- and gender-matched controls (25 males and 25 females with BMI ≤24.9) were subjected to graded treadmill exercise. Maximum heart rate reached during exercise and heart rate at 1st min of recovery phase were recorded and HRR1min was calculated as the difference of above. The data were analyzed.
Results: The study showed significant decrease in mean HRR1min in obese males compared to OF (mean 18.04±3.6 vs. 30.00±8.55, P<0.001), there is significant delay in HRR1min when OF and males were compared with their gender-matched controls.
Conclusion: Parasympathetic function by HRR1min after exercise is significantly decreased in male obese young adults when compared with female obese young adults and are at higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disorders.
Greenhouse Gas Reduction Potential based on Waste Recovery Factor in Gading and Dukuh Setro Subdistrics, Surabaya
Authors: Pramestyawati Talent Nia , Afrianisa Rodu Dhuha , Ath Thoyib Muhammad Hafizhni
Published: June 2023

People’s growth and their activities increase waste generation. Therefore, efforts to reduce waste are needed, including community-based reduction efforts. This research is located in Gading and Dukuh Setro sub-districts in Surabaya City. The purpose of this study was to measure the potential for waste reduction and greenhouse gas reduction. Measurement of waste generation, waste composition, and waste density was based on SNI 19-3964-1994. The researcher conducted sampling in low, middle, and high-income areas, covering 83 families. Greenhouse gas emissions were estimated using the LandGEM (U.S. EPA) method based on the waste disposed at landfill, considering the existing reduction conditions and optimal material recovery. Solid waste generation in 2022 per year was 4.695,58 tons. The largest composition of waste consisted of biodegradable waste (37.13%), plastic waste (25.73%), and diapers and sanitary napkins (18.25%). The average density of loose waste was 152.42 kg/m3. The existing reduction had 1.47% waste bank reduction activity and 0.72% composting reduction activity, for a total reduction of 2.19%. The average optimal reduction was 52.7%, whereas the optimal reduction in the waste bank was 17.5%. The optimal composting reduction was 35.2%. Thus, the existing scenario in 2032 obtained reductions from total landfill gas of 725,498 Gg/year, methane of 193,788 Gg/year, carbon dioxide of 531,710 Gg/year, and NMOC of 8,330 Gg/year. Meanwhile, the optimal scenario for 2032 obtained reductions from total landfill gas of 239.067 Gg/year, methane of 63.857 Gg/year, carbon dioxide of 175.209 Gg/year, and NMOC of 0.412 Gg/year
Sosialisasi Peralatan Elektromedik untuk Deteksi Dini di Masa Pandemi COVID-19 di Kelurahan Cipete Utara, Jakarta Selatan
Authors: Ma'murotun Ma'murotun , Ahniar Nur Hasanah , Handayani Indah Nursyamsi , Hidayati Rinda Nur , Apriantoro Nursama Heru
Published: June 2023

Pada awal Desember 2019, wabah penyakit COVID-19 yang disebabkan oleh sindrom pernapasan akut parah Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) terjadi di Kota Wuhan, Provinsi Hubei, Cina. Indonesia kali pertama mendapati kasus pada tanggal 2 Maret 2020 dan DKI Jakarta merupakan provinsi dengan jumlah tertinggi kasus COVID-19. Untuk itu, dibutuhkan satu sistem yang mampu mendukung dan saling bekerja sama gua menghadapi wabah pandemi COVID. Oleh karenanya, Tim PKM, selaku dosen yang memiliki kewajiban melaksanakan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, pada kesempatan ini berupaya memberikan sosialisasi, edukasi, dan informasi terkini mengenai COVID-19 serta pencegahan dini dan kaitannya terhadap penggunaan alat elektromedik (termometer, tensimeter, tes gula darah, nebulizer dan oximeter) untuk pemantauan kesehatan dan perawatan sederhana di rumah di masa pandemi. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan secara luring dengan mengundang perwakilan kecamatan Kebayoran Baru, kelurahan Cipete Utara, Ketua RW, Ketua RT, dan Satgas COVID-19 di wilayah tersebut. Turut hadir juga kader di setiap RT yang berhubungan langsung dengan masyarakat sehingga bisa memberikan edukasi setelah sosialisasi ini diberikan. Berdasarkan hasil survei, terdapat 20–25% peserta belum memahami fungsi alat elektromedik dan sekitar 57,5% peserta belum memahami penggunaan, penyimpanan, serta pemeliharaan alat elektromedik dengan baik dan benar. Selanjutnya, setelah sosialisasi diberikan, terlihat adanya peningkatan pemahaman peserta lebih dari 60% mengenai fungsi alat nebulizer dan oximeter. Kegiatan selanjutnya yaitu monitoring kader untuk menyampaikan serta memberikan edukasi ke masyarakat sekitar.
Filtros burbuja y gestiÃ³n personal de los algoritmos
Authors: Guallar Javier , MartÃ­nez-CaÃ±adas Evelio
Published: June 2023

Se revisan los principales metaanÃ¡lisis sobre filtros burbuja y cÃ¡maras de eco, y se muestra que hay poca evidencia de la existencia de ambos. Se concluye que, si bien la imagen popular de los filtros burbuja y las cÃ¡maras de eco tiene pocos fundamentos, en el futuro se harÃ¡ necesaria una mayor vigilancia de los ciudadanos ante los posibles efectos de los algoritmos.
SURİYE TÜRKMEN TÜRKÇESİ AĞIZLARINDA SINIRLANDIRMA VE KARŞILAŞTIRMA BİLDİREN GADAN/ GADAK/ GAÇEK EDATLARI
Authors: ARSLAN EROL Hülya , ÖZDEMİR Atanur
Published: June 2023

Yazı dili, belli bir konuşma diline dayandığından bugün ağızlarda tespit edilen yapıların birçoğunu standart dilde görmeyebiliriz veya aynı ses ve şekil özellikleri ile karşımıza çıkmayabilir. Yazı diline göre ağızlar, dilin "canlı bir varlık" olma özelliğini daha belirgin şekilde aksettirirler, dolayısıyla değişim ve gelişime daha açıktırlar. Anadolu ağızlarının uzantısı olan Suriye Türkmen Türkçesi Ağızları (STTA), arkaik unsurlar ve kalıplaşmış yapılar bakımından önümüze bir zenginlik sunar. Dilimizdeki çekimli yapılar bu zenginliğin önemli bir unsurudur. Literatürde, tek başına anlamlı olmayıp kelime ve kelime gruplarından sonra gelerek bir anlam kazanan sözler şeklinde tanımlanan edatlar; işleyiş bakımından isim çekim ekleri gibi çalışırlar. Edatların sınırlama ve karşılaştırma bildirenleri Eski Türkçeden beri kullanılmaktadır ve Eski Türkçede yönelme hâlinden sonra teg ve tegi edatlarını getirmek (+kA teg/ tegi) suretiyle oluşturulmuşlardır. Sınırlama yapısının, daha sonraki dönemlerde bu edatların varyantlaşmasıyla genişlediğini, mesela Eski Anadolu Türkçesi döneminde +A dek, +A degin yanında +A dan, +A çA(k) yapılarının da sınırlama işleviyle kullanıldığını görüyoruz. Tabii Arapçanın etkisinin artmasıyla aynı işleve sahip olan +A kadar yapısı da Eski Anadolu Türkçesinin sonları itibarıyla kullanım alanını artırmıştır. Bugün standart Türkiye Türkçesinde sınırlama ve karşılaştırma bildirmek üzere dek, değin edatları yanında Arapça kadar edatı da kullanılmaya devam etmektedir. Anadolu ağızları ve STTA'da +A kadar ve +A dek(dan)/ degin/ çA(k) yapıları ve bunların ekleşmesi neticesinde ortaya çıktığını düşündüğümüz GadAn/ GadAk/ gaçek edatlarının aktif olarak kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu yazı, sınırlama ve karşılaştırma bildiren GadAn/ GadAk/ gaçek edatlarının STTA'da kullanım alanları ve Anadolu ağızlarındaki benzer örnekleri üzerinedir.
TÜRKİYE TÜRKÇESİNDE {+DIR} ANLAMBİRİMİNİN YARGIYI SABİTLEME EĞİLİMİ: ANLAMI VE BİLGİYİ İNŞA ETME İŞLEVİ
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Engin
Published: June 2023

Bu makalede, genellikle “bildirme eki” olarak adlandırılan {+DIr} anlambiriminin Türkiye Türkçesinde en sık işletildiği iki kullanım alanındaki (tümce sonlarına eklendiği durumlardaki) işlevi/işlevleri konu edilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda öncelikle {+DIr} anlambiriminin söz konusu kullanımları üzerine alanyazındaki bilimsel tartışmalar kısaca incelenmiştir. İncelemenin ardından anlambirimin her iki kullanımı için de geçerli olmak üzere “kesinlik” ve “olasılık” gibi birbirinden uzak iki ayrı anlam ilgisini nasıl kurduğu sorusu sorulmuş, eklendiği tümcelerle ve ifade bağlamıyla kurduğu ilişkiler temelinde, anlamın kesinlik ile olasılık arasında gidip gelişine nasıl tesir ettiği örnekler üzerinden gözlemlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bunun neticesinde, {+DIr} anlambiriminin eklendiği tümceye olasılık anlamı katmadığı, olasılık durumunu kesinliğe yaklaştırdığı, dolayısıyla her durumda yargıyı kesinleştirme/sabitleme eğiliminde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Buna göre verici, kesinliği engelleyici birtakım etkenler bulunsa bile doğruluğuna güvendiği yargısını kesinliğe olabildiğince yaklaştırmak için {+DIr} anlambirimini tümcenin sonuna eklemektedir. Son tespitin ardından {+DIr} anlambiriminin “kesinleştirme” veya “kesinliğe yaklaştırma” işlevinde kullanılma oranlarının konuşma dili ve yazı dilinde farklılaşması üzerinde durulmuştur. Anlambirimin, yazı dilinde çoğunlukla kesinleştirme işlevinde kullanılıyor olması, Walter J. Ong’un “yazı teknolojisinin dil ve insan psikodinamiği üzerine etkilerini” içeren görüşleri dayanaklığında açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, {+DIr} anlambiriminin, yazı dili-konuşma dili zeminlerinin ötesinde, tümel yargılarda kesinleştirme işlevinde kullanılmak gibi ayırıcı bir özelliğinin oluşu, yine dil-yazı ilişkisi temelinde izah edilmiştir. Çalışmanın son bölümde tümel ifadeler, Hans-Georg Gadamer’in felsefi hermeneutiğinin anlam-bilgi-dil ilişkisine dayanak sağlayan düşünceleri üzerinden değerlendirilmiş, bu itibarla tümel ifadelerde kesinleştirme ve kesinliği pekiştirme amacıyla kullanılan {+DIr} anlambiriminin dilin düşünceyi, bilgiyi ve entelektüel faaliyeti örgütleyen art alanı olan “söylem” özelinde bir “anlamı ve bilgiyi inşa etme işlevinin” olduğu çıkarımında bulunulmuştur.
TÜRKİYE TÜRKÇESİ AĞIZLARINDA “ZAYIFLIK, ZAYIFLAMA” - “ŞİŞMANLIK, ŞİŞMANLAMA” İFADELERİ
Authors: ÇETİN Hasan Ali
Published: June 2023

Türkiye Türkçesi ağızları zengin bir söz varlığına sahiptir. Bu alanda yapılmış en geniş ve yararlı çalışma, Türk Dil Kurumu tarafından yayımlanmış olan Türkiye’de Halk Ağzından Derleme Sözlüğü’dür. Bu sözlük, 1932 – 1960 yılları arasında çok sayıda Türkçe gönüllüsü araştırmacı tarafından ülkemizin pek çok yöresinden derlenen yaklaşık 137.000 sözcüğü (halk deyişi) ihtiva etmektedir. On iki ciltten oluşan bu eser, büyük çoğunluğu itibarıyla yazılı metinlere girmemiş ancak halk dilinde yaşayan, Türkçenin zenginliğini gösteren ve kayda geçiren önemli bir çalışmadır. Yabancı dillerdeki sözcük ve terimlere karşılık olarak halk ağızlarında kullanılan sözcükleri canlandırma veya bu sözcüklerden hareketle yeni sözcükler türeterek Türkçeye yeni sözcükler kazandırma etkin olarak kullanılmış bir yöntemdir. Bu yolla Türkçe önemli oranda korunabilmiş ve yabancı dillerden dilimize girmesi muhtemel sözcüklerin önüne geçilmiştir. Türkçenin yüzyıllar öncesine dayanan saf, temiz ve berrak ifadeleri, Türkçenin öz sermayesi olarak kendi öz benliğini, yapısını ve zenginliğini koruyabilmesinde en önemli savunma mekanizması olarak görev yapmıştır.

Halkın hayatında her ne varsa dilinde de kendine yer bulmuştur. İnsanın doğumundan başlayan ve ömrünün sonuna kadar hayatında yer alan her eşya, olay, kavram, duygu ve düşünce dil ile ifade edilir. İnsan bedeni ve bu beden üzerinde değişik sebeplere bağlı olarak meydana gelen değişmeleri karşılayan sözcükler de dilin söz varlığı içinde yer almaktadır. Maddi imkânların gelişmesi ile birlikte yeme içme alışkanlıklarının değişmesine bağlı olarak hayatımıza giren ve daha çok Fransızca kökenli ‘obezite’ sözcüğüyle karşılanan kilo alma ve şişmanlama, günümüz insanının en büyük problemlerinden biri hâline gelmiştir. Önceden daha çok gelişmiş ülke insanlarında görülen ama artık ülkemizde de sıklıkla görülen obezite/şişmanlık ile ilgili ve ilişkili pek çok yeni sözcük bizim dilimize de girmiştir. Türkiye’de son yıllarda fazla kilolardan kurtulma, sağlıklı ideal kiloya kavuşabilme isteği giderek artmış, bu isteklere cevap verebilmek amacıyla kurulan ve gelişen sektörler kapsamında yeni sözcükler halk diline girmiş, Türkçenin yapısına uymayan çok sayıda yabancı sözcük hem işitsel hem de görsel kirliliğe sebebiyet vermiştir.

Makalede Türkiye Türkçesi ağızlarında zayıf, zayıflık, zayıflama; şişman, şişmanlık, kilo alma, şişmanlama anlamlarında kullanılan sözcükler üzerinde durulacaktır. Çalışmada Türkçenin sadeliğini ve yapısını korumaya devam edebilmesi için halk ağızlarında ilgili alanlarda tespit edilen sözcüklerin hatırlanması, yeniden dikkatlere sunulması ve gerekli durumlarda bu sözcüklerin canlandırılmasına veya bu sözcükler esas alınarak yeni sözcüklerin türetilmesine katkıda bulunma amaçlanmıştır.
Pengembangan Medıa Pembelajaran Interaktıf Power Poınt Berbasıs Problem Based Learnıng Pada Materı Suhu Dan Kalor
Authors: Prima Tri Handayani Puspita
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan mengembangkan media pembelajaran interaktif berbasis problem based learning pada materi suhu dan kalor untuk siswa kelas sebelas. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah jenis penelitian research and development dengan model 4D (define, design, development, disseminate). Data diperoleh yang diperoleh dari penilaian validasi pendidik fisika SMA N 1 Minggir dan SMA N 1 Godean. kelayakan media pembelajaran interaktif berbasis problem based learning pada materi suhu dan kalor menggunakan simpangan baku ideal (SBi) dengan hasil rata rata 3,75 dengan kategori sangat layak.Media yang dikembangkan menarik perhatian siswa dan dapat menambah pengetahuan siswa serta memotivasi siswa untuk belajar fisika. Selain itu, media pembelajaran interaktif powerpoint berbasis problem based learning pada materi suhu dapat menanamkan pemahaman konsep yang mendalam.
Researching Cities, Transforming Ecology
Authors: Granjou Céline , Cavin Joëlle Salomon , Boisvert Valérie , Chalmandrier Maud , Flaminio Silvia , Kull Christian , Moretti Marco
Published: June 2023

In the last two decades, new academic journals, textbooks, and research networks attest to ecologists’ rising interest in cities. How did ecologists come to enter cities and to view them as places worth studying? To what extent does this new interest launch a broader redefinition of the type of knowledge that matters in ecology? Drawing on the new political sociology of science, and using a review of publications in urban ecology, we argue that the politics of urban ecological knowledge does not merely correspond to the promotion of a new subfield of ecology dedicated to cities: it has launched instead a broader, contested redefinition of the goals, practices, and relevance of ecology as a whole. We unpack the tensions between a “city-driven agenda” aiming to integrate ecological science into the interdisciplinary field of urban sciences, and an “ecology-driven agenda” aiming to research cities as part of ecological discipline.
“You Can't Even Predict the Rain Anymore”
Authors: Ou-Salah Loubna , Praag Lore Van , Verschraegen Gert
Published: June 2023

In the current study, we depart from migration biographies of first-generation Moroccan migrants living in Belgium to understand how environmental factors interfere in migration decision making and how its importance varies over life stages. Most Moroccan migrants came to Belgium as labor migrants or family “reunifers,” so little research has inquired whether and how environmental changes have played a role in making migration more appealing, at least during certain stages of people's lives. By applying a case study approach to three selected Moroccan migrants’ biographies, we aim to meticulously demonstrate how peoples’ migration aspirations have gradually developed over the life course and cannot be pinned down to either natural, cultural, or socio-economic factors. Rather, they should be understood within the wider changing socio-economic and natural environment while considering the interplay of factors within these environments.