bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of High Temperature Joining Technologies for Semiconductor Die Attach
Authors: Qi Siyuan , Powley Chris , Mirgkizoudi Maria , Pliscott Adele , Collier Peter
Published: July 2017

The development of novel high temperature die attach methods for semiconductor packaging enables use in harsh environments and unique opportunities for demanding industrial applications such as controls and monitoring for next generation engine and airframe platforms. Traditional die attach materials including lead solders and conductive adhesives cannot meet requirements of operation temperatures up to and exceeding 300°C due to their limited melting and glass transition temperatures [1]. The Manufacturing Technology Centre Ltd (MTC) has evaluated a range of high temperature die attach materials and processes for silicon and silicon carbide (SiC) semiconductors. Assembly processes were explored for bonding components with and without a back metallisation and with capability to support electrical back contact if required. Die attach methods evaluated include:Sinterable silver materials for back metallised semiconductor componentsSilver glass for non-back metallised semiconductor componentsGold-silicon near eutectic preforms for non-back metallised semiconductor components

Two types of substrates were selected including high temperature co-fired ceramic (HTCC) packages and gold or silver plated Kovar substrates. Test assemblies were subjected to accelerated life tests consisting of thermal ageing at 400°C and thermal cycling of −40°C to 200°C. These tests enabled the evaluation of the die attach materials after accelerated conditions of use.

Reliability performance of the die attach materials was assessed using visual and X-ray inspection, mechanical shear testing and microstructure analysis. For sinterable silver materials, the test assemblies constructed using HTCC packages showed no significant reduction in shear strength after 1,008 hours ageing at 400°C. However shear strengths of the test assemblies constructed using Kovar substrates reduced by 95% of the initial values after ageing at 400°C for 336 hours. All test assemblies showed no significant reduction in adhesion after thermal cycling of −40°C to 200°C for 1,000 cycles. In addition, no apparent differences in shear strengths could be detected for sintered silver interconnections for gold and silver metallised semiconductor components.

Gold-silicon bonding as performed using a near eutectic preform had limited performance as aged at 400°C. Silver glass test assemblies constructed using HTCC packages showed a 50% reduction in shear strength compared to the initial values after thermal ageing at 400°C for 1,000 hours. A similar reduction in adhesion was presented after thermal cycling of −40°C to 200°C for 1,000 cycles.
Effect of isothermal aging at 250 °C on shear strength of joints using Sn-Coated Cu particle paste for high-temperature application
Authors: Nishikawa Hiroshi , Liu Xiangdong , He Siliang
Published: July 2017

High-temperature joining is a key technology for electronic component assembly and other high-temperature applications. As a die attach process for power devices, we focus on a transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding, which can be operated at a low temperatures while resulting in higher re-melting temperatures of bonded joints. However, some drawbacks of this technology still remain. For example, the duration of this process is too long, up to a few hours, and multiple hours of annealing are required to achieve a thermodynamically stable joint. So we are studying on a TLP bonding using Sn-coated Cu particles to reduce the bonding process time. In this study, we evaluated the effect of isothermal aging at 250 °C on the shear strength of Cu/Cu joints using a Sn-coated Cu particle paste. As a result, a thermally stable joint fully comprising Cu3Sn phase with a dispersion of Cu particles could be obtained after sintering for 30 s at 300 °C under a formic acid atmosphere. The shear strength of the joint before isothermal aging was about 25 MPa and the shear strength after isothermal aging at 250 °C for 1000 h was more than 25 MPa.
Evaluation of Thermal Resistance Degradation of SiC Power Module Corresponding to Thermal Cycle Test
Authors: Kato Fumiki , Takahashi Hiroki , Tanisawa Hidekazu , Koui Kenichi , Sato Shinji , Murakami Yoshinori , Nakagawa Hiroshi , Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Sato Hiroshi
Published: July 2017

In this paper, we demonstrate that thermal degradation of silicon carbide (SiC) power modules corresponding to thermal cycles can be detected and tracked non-destructively by transient thermal analysis. The purpose of this evaluation is to analyze the distribution of the thermal resistance in the power module and to identify the structure deterioration part. As a target for evaluation power modules using a SiC-MOSFET for high-temperature operation were assembled with Zn-5Al eutectic solder. The junction to case thermal resistance was successfully evaluated as 0.85 K/W by using transient thermal analysis, and the thermal resistance of the Zn-5Al die-attachment was also evaluated as 0.13 K/W. A series of thermal cycle test between −40 and 250°C was conducted, and the power modules were evaluated their thermal resistance taken out from thermal cycle test machine at 100, 200, 500 and 1000 cycles. We identified the increase of thermal resistance each thermal cycle in specific modules. It was successfully shown that thermal resistance deterioration of SiC power module corresponding to thermal cycles can be traced non-destructively by this transient thermal analysis method.
Comparison of a Current Mode Reference Generator vs.a ΔVBE Bandgap Circuit in a 1.0μm Partially-Depleted Silicon-On-Insulator CMOS Process for High Temperature (220 °C) Environments
Authors: Pike Alex , Corne Adrien , Bohac Frank , Ananth Ravi
Published: July 2017

Two different reference generator circuits were designed, fabricated and tested, on the same silicon die using a 1.0μ CMOS SOI process that is suitable for operation at high temperatures. One of the reference generators was a traditional bandgap circuit. The other was a more novel current-mode reference that can notionally generate any output voltage. Testing was performed over a wide temperature range from −50°C to 220°C with a supply variation of 4V to 6V.
High Temperature EEPROM Using a Differential Approach for High Reliability
Authors: Kappert Holger , Braun Sebastian , Alfring Michael , Kordas Norbert , Kelberer Andreas , Dreiner Stefan , Kokozinski Rainer
Published: July 2017

Various applications require the storage of program code or calibration data inside a non-volatile memory. In many cases data is programmed one time e.g. during initial test or calibration and needs to be stored and readable over the whole lifetime of a product. The expected lifetime is a few thousand hours to ten years or even more depending on the application. Due to its ease of use and reprogramming capability EEPROM based memory is very common in this field in comparison to e.g. fuses which are only one time programmable and consume considerable silicon area. High reliability especially with respect to data retention is the main constraint for these non-volatile memories.

Considering the degrading mechanisms which are mainly accelerated by thermal energy, storage and operation temperature have a strong impact on EEPROM reliability. Especially at very high temperatures of 250 °C and above data retention is limited to a few thousand hours or less with further increase of temperature, which makes EEPROM hard to use as a long time non-volatile memory. Nevertheless the increasing complexity of high temperature electronics and its use in high temperature applications like data acquisition systems create a demand for reliable non-volatile memories. In this paper a differential approach is presented, with the focus on increasing the reliability of EEPROM based memories especially with respect to data retention. The circuitry has been realized in a 0.35μm high temperature SOI-CMOS technology.
Concentric hip muscle function and quadriceps-hamstring ratio in athletes with and without patellofemoral pain syndrome
Authors: Singh Sandhu , Thakur Kunal , Shweta Shenoy , Ravi Saini
Published: July 2017

Background: Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a commonly seen condition in athletes. Several potential contributing factors have been postulated. Although hip muscle strength has been suggested to play a major role, concentric hip muscle function in athletes with PFPS has not been formally investigated. Objectives: We aimed to compare the concentric hip muscle strength in athletes with PFPS with that of controls, and to derive a concentric knee extension-to-flexion (quadriceps: hamstring) ratio Subjects and Methods: University athletes with PFPS (n=25) and asymptomatic controls (n = 25) were studied. Concentric torque of the hip abductors, adductors, flexors and extensors along with concentric knee extensors and flexors torque were assessed. Participants rated their knee pain in the week before the study on a visual analog scale and a self-administered anterior knee pain scale (AKPS). Strength testing was performed at 60°/s. Results: Participants with PFPS exhibited much lower concentric hip abduction, adduction, flexion and extension peak torque compared to controls. The concentric hip abduction to adduction and extension to flexion ratios showed no difference. Quadriceps:hamstring ratio was higher for PFPS participants. Conclusion: We propose that concentric hip muscle strength is significantly affected in PFPS. Clinicians are urged to include concentric strengthening exercises for the hip along with quadriceps and hamstring muscles during the rehabilitation of athletes with PFPS.
Identification of prednisolone, methylprednisolone and their metabolites in human urine using HPLC (+) ESI-MS/MS and detection of possible adulteration in Indian herbal drug preparations
Authors: Shobha Ahi , Sachin Dubey , Awanish Upadhyay , Yadav S , Rakesh Rakesh , Rahul Priyadarshi , Alka Beotra
Published: July 2017

Objective: To explore the possibility of identifying the maximum number of metabolites of prednisolone and methylprednisolone by LC-MS/MS and to further test the application of this developed method on six Indian herbal drug preparations. Method and Materials: The sample extraction procedure involves enzymatic hydrolysis and liquid-liquid extraction and further analysis using LC-MS/ MS. The excretion profile was performed with four healthy male volunteers after administration of 40 mg and 8 mg of prednisolone and methylprednisolone, respectively. Six herbal drug preparations obtained from All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India were tested to detect the possible adulteration with prednisolone or methylprednisolone. Results: The Analytical method was validated as per the requirement of WADA International Standard of Laboratories (version 6.0). The parent compound and ten urinary metabolites of prednisolone could be identified. The parent, M-1, M-2 and M-3 could be detected up to 72 hours while rest of the metabolites were detectable up to 24 hours. In the case of methylprednisolone, the parent compound and six urinary metabolites were identified. M-1 and M-2 of methylprednisolone were detectable up to 48 hours while the parent drug methylprednisolone and other metabolites were detectable up to 24 hours. Out of the six herbal drugs tested, one showed the presence of prednisolone. Conclusion: The improved detection method developed for the identification and detection of prednisolone and methylprednisolone metabolites would prove highly beneficial in extending the time of detection of drug abuse in athletes and also detecting spiked ayurvedic, homeopathic and unani preparations.
Identification and reporting of common hemoglobin disorders: A review
Authors: Hemminger Jessica , AbuAlsheikh Nazih , Kahwash Samir
Published: July 2017

Hemoglobinopathies and thalassemias constitute a major cause of anemia worldwide. Some of these disorders may necessitate chronic red blood cell transfusion therapy, which frequently results in a host of serious clinical sequelae, including iron overload. The following review attempts to offer a simplified approach to the identification of the most commonly encountered hemoglobin disorders. In addition, practical comments on reporting the results of hemoglobin studies and the expected clinical impact of the various findings are discussed.
Interplay of insulin resistance and the reproductive and metabolic changes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Hassan Asmaa , Ahmed Omyma , Ahmed Marwa , Hamed Hosam
Published: July 2017

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex reproductive, endocrine-metabolic disorder with insulin resistance (IR) as a common feature. Objective: To clarify whether IR and associated hyperinsulinemia play a key role in the pathophysiological changes in PCOS especially, reproductive and metabolic changes, and the efficacy of metformin therapy in these cases. Patients and Methods: Twenty five PCOS patients received metformin 850 mg twice daily for four months and fifteen healthy controls were included in this study. Body mass index (BMI) evaluation followed by ultrasound examination for measurement of antral follicle count (AFC) in both ovaries, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), fasting blood glucose, insulin and glucose / insulin ratio (G/I) were measured in addition to serum total testosterone (T), luteinizing hormone (LH) and insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) estimation for all subjects. These parameters were re-evaluated again 4 months after metformin treatment was initiated in PCOS patients. Results: PCOS patients had significantly increased fasting blood glucose levels (P < 0.05), BMI, T, IGF-1 (P < 0.01), LH, insulin levels and AFC (P < 0.001) but G/I ratio was significantly (P < 0.001) lower in comparison to controls. Significant negative correlations between fasting G/I ratio and each of BMI, T, and AFC respectively were evident. Impaired OGTT at baseline was observed in PCOS patients with significant improvement noted after initiation of metformin therapy. Metformin significantly decreased BMI, serum T, LH, IGF-1 levels and AFC and increased the G/I ratio versus pretreatment values. Conclusion: IR plays a vital pathophysiological role in PCOS patients as manifested by causal relationship between insulin resistance and the reproductive and metabolic changes of PCOS. Metformin potentially improves these changes.
First report of APOB gene variations in Moroccans
Authors: Benyahya Fatiha , Barakat Amina , Ghailani Naima , Echchaoui Hadba , Echchaoui Bouchrail , Bendali Ahmed , Bennani Mohcine
Published: July 2017

The normal clearance of LDL by the LDL receptor is dependent upon normal function of both the LDL receptor and of apoB-100. Accordingly, mutations in the LDL receptor gene and in the apoB-100 gene have been found to cause autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia. Mutations in the LDL receptor gene cause familial hypercholesterolemia, whereas mutations in the apoB-100 gene cause familial defective apoB-100. In Front lack of data on genotype and phenotype among ADH patients in Moroccan populations, we carried up this study to determine genotype of ADH among subjects of north of Morocco, who have increased rates of TC, LDLc, ApoB and TG. 46 probands were studied. Genomic DNA was isolated us described previously. Direct sequencing is used to determine the mutations on genes LDLR, APOB and PCSK9 and the genotype of the apoE. We have detected for the first time in the Moroccan population three known polymorphisms and V4238A mutation combined with increased TG levels in three probands. This mutation appears to be common polymorphism. Those patients were homozygous of alleles E3/E3. In conclusion, further studies are needed to elucidate the molecular basis of the dyslipidemia observed in the studied probands.
Endocrine disorders in pregnancy: Selected highlights from the medical complications in pregnancy, 31st October - 2nd November 2011, London, UK
Authors: Aravallil Meera , Al Zaabi Rasha , Salih Bashir
Published: July 2017

This course has been run annually for the past seventeen years. It encompasses reviews and updates in the management of medical problems that obstetric physicians and obstetricians can encounter in their practice. There were 120 delegates to this course from different countries around the world. Over three days, internationally renowned experts in obstetric medicine considered a wide range of topics such as thyroid disease and other endocrine disorders, connective tissue disorders, diabetes, sickle cell disease, asthma, neurology disorders, renal diseases and heart diseases. We chose to reflect on some of the endocrine- related topics to present a brief summary rather than go through the full curriculum.
A fifty nine year old female with flank pain and hematuria
Authors: Satoskar Anjali
Published: July 2017

The patient was a 59 year old Caucasian female who presented with flank pain and gross hematuria. She had similar symptoms approximately 3 months ago prior to presentation and has been on antibiotics for presumed pyelonephritis. The clinical course, differential diagnosis and pathological findings are discussed in detail
The impact of upper limb resistance training intervention on the arterial stiffness among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Sandhu Jaspal , Virdi Hardeep , Shenoy Shweta
Published: July 2017

Objectives: To determine the risk benefits of moderate intensity resistance training of upper limbs in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients using augmentation index as a measure of arterial stiffness. Patients and Methods: Twenty middle aged individuals (40-60 years) with type 2 diabetes mellitus volunteered to participate. They were assigned to two groups: an upper limb training group 51.0±6.3 years old and a sedentary group 53.7±3.1 years. The upper limb group performed 12 weeks of moderate intensity resistance training (3 days/week). Results: Fasting blood glucose decreased from 135±23 to 118±23 mg/dl, total cholesterol decreased from 191±14 mg/dl to 174±11 mg/dl, serum triglyceride decreased from 168±21 mg/dl to 149±23 mg/dl (p<0.001 ), high density lipoprotein increased from 51.8±4.05 mg/dl to 56.3±4.0 mg/dl (p<0.001) and glycosylated hemoglobin decreased from 9.3±0.8% to 8.3±0.6 % (p<0.001) in upper limb resistance training group. The resting heart rate was increased from 78±6 bpm to 84±9 bpm (p<0.01) and the systolic blood pressure was increased from 122±2 mmHg to 132±35 mmHg (p<0.01) and diastolic blood pressure was increased from 81±3 mmHg to 93±6 mmHg (p<0.001) in upper limb resistance training group. Upper limb group also showed significant increase in augmentation index (1.9±2.5 to 5.2±2.4 mmHg, p<0.001) and decrease in heart rate variability (17±6 to 11.6±3.5 msec; p<0.001). Conclusion: Upper limb resistance training may lead to increase in arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Whereas, aerobic upper limb activity could offset the increase in stiffness caused by resistance training.
Multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma in an HIV patient: A diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Elbarghati Laila , Azzouz Lubna
Published: July 2017

A radical nephrectomy specimen was referred for pathological examination. The history, course and the pathological findings proved very interesting. The specimen belonged to a forty four year old HIV positive man who was admitted with pain and tenderness in the right hypochondriac region. Sonography demonstrated fatty liver and incidental multilocular enhancing cystic lesion in the left kidney. A left radical nephrectomy was performed and pathological examination of the specimen showed a multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma (MCRCC). The clinical presentation, management and outcome of this new entity are discussed.
Fish oil and prevention of atrial fibrillation: An appraisal of the evidence
Authors: Houmsse Mahmoud , Bazerbashi Ayman , Haykal Kamal , Mohammad Marwan
Published: July 2017

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. In the absence of optimal rhythm control therapy, due to lack of satisfaction of currently available membrane-acting antiarrhythmics and limited availability of ablative therapy, upstream therapies to prevent atrial fibrillation are emerging as a new pharmacologic strategy. Long chain n-3 (omega-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) from fish have been suggested to account for these benefits. Multiple observational, clinical, and experimental studies have shown that regular fish consumption has a favorable effect on preventing AF. Experimental studies have shown a potential antiarrhythmic, antifibrotic and antiinflammatory effect of PUFAs on atrial tissues. This effect on the atrial substrate will lower atrial tissue vulnerability for development of atrial fibrillation. Recent prospective studies regarding the preventive benefit of PUFAs on post open-heart surgery AF showed mixed results. The purpose of this treatise is to review available studies of PUFA effects on AF and outline benefits of the PUFAs as an upstream therapy to prevent AF.
Pseudotumoral renal tuberculosis: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Sallami Sataa , Rhouma Sami , Horchani Ali
Published: July 2017

Genitourinary Tuberculosis (TB) is a rare extra pulmonary manifestation of TB. We report a patient who presented with right flank pain and weight loss. Imaging revealed a solid mass at the lower pole of the right kidney. A partial nephrectomy was performed and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of pseudo-tumoral renal tuberculosis. Patient had a good outcome after antituberculous therapy. This form of TB must be considered in the differential diagnosis of renal mass particularly in areas where TB is endemic.
Differentiation of narrow complex tachycardia
Authors: Winner Marshall , Augostini Ralph , Houmsse Mahmoud
Published: July 2017

Many different criteria and pacing maneuvers exist to determine the etiology of a narrow QRS complex tachycardia (NCT). This report describes a case of NCT wherein the initial conflicting findings at the time of the EP study were then clarified by the development of left bundle branch block and prolongation of ventriculoatrial conduction time confirming the diagnosis of a left sided accessory pathway. The accessory pathway was then successfully ablated.
Comparison of the iemg activity elicited during an isometric contraction using manual resistance and mechanical resistance
Authors: Shenoy Shweta , Mishra Priyaranjan , Sandhu Jaspal
Published: July 2017

Introduction: Quantification of muscle strength is an essential component of assessment and treatment in rehabilitation. Considering the measurement of the muscle strength, mostly two methods are used. They are qualitative and quantitative measures. Maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), measured using dynamometer and manual muscle testing (MMT) are the most common measurement techniques used in the clinical and research setting. Objectives: This study's aim was to observe, if greater activity is produced using mechanical instruments for torque measurements (since the resistance is adjusted to subject's maximum capacity) or if tests, position of MMT, and resistance offered by trained physiotherapist are effective. We compared the IEMG (Integrated electromyography) output between manual and mechanical testing during maximal voluntary isometric contraction. Subjects and Methods: Forty normal healthy subjects including 20 males and 20 females were selected for the study. The measuring system comprises an EMG (Noraxon USA, INC, Scottsdale, Arizona) and ®HUR 5340 (Kokkola, Finland) leg extension/curl computer controlled machine for isometric evaluating peak torque. MVIC of the Vastus medialis oblique (VMO), Vastus lateralis (VL), Rectus femoris (RF), Semitendinosis (ST) and Biceps Femoris (BF) were measured from dominant leg using SEMG and then subjects were seated on HUR with hip flexed and chest, pelvis, thigh stabilized. The axis of rotation of HUR aligned with the joint axis and moment arm is fixed for every subject. Each subject performed maximal contraction of 10sec at 60°of test angle to get the peak torque and myoelectrical activity are also recorded while performing the same. Result: Paired t-test analysis were used to see the difference between MMT and HUR IEMG amplitude and the results show significance difference(p< .05) for each muscle when comparing between the EMG amplitude between MMT and HUR. Conclusion: HUR system has very good reliability in measuring muscle strength of the knee extensors and flexors as compared to the MMT, suggesting that it will be useful in clinical applications, especially for professional athletes or physically powerful populations.
Is it Crohn's disease? A cautionary tale
Authors: Giguere Alain , Ahmed Urooj
Published: July 2017

Differentiating intestinal tuberculosis from Crohn's disease may pose as a diagnostic challenge in general and particularly in parts of the world with a high prevalence of tuberculosis. The presentation, course and outcome of a 13 year old female patient, exemplifying this clinical challenge, are presented and the learning points reviewed. We present the case of a 13 year old female from the United Arab Emirates where TB happens to be prevalent. Her case serves as a prime example of the clinical challenge in differentiating Crohn's disease from intestinal TB.
Impact of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition on the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and unstable angina
Authors: Abdel-Fadeil Mahmoud , Kishk Yehia , Ahmed Omyma , Gamal Dalia
Published: July 2017

Background: Selective COX-2 inhibitors (celecoxib) are effective anti-inflammatory drugs, though they may increase cardiovascular risk. Objectives: To verify the possible pathophysiological role of COX-2 inhibitors on experimental atherosclerosis and its clinical outcomes in patients with unstable angina (UA). Methods: Atherosclerosis was induced in twenty four Boscat rabbits and celecoxib was administered as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent. At the end of experiment, the animals were killed and their serum and aortic tissues were evaluated for lipid profile and histopathological examination. In the human study, forty UA patients (group I: received the usual regimen of UA and aspirin for 30 days and group II: additionally received celecoxib and ten controls were incorporated into the study. Estimation of CRP, IL-6 and lipid profiles was carried out at the baseline and 30 days after. Results: Celecoxib administration attenuated the progression of atherosclerosis. Also, after 30-days, group II of UA patients showed a significant reduction of inflammatory markers, risky lipids and CV events with a raise in HDL levels when compared to group I. Conclusion: Celecoxib has beneficial lowering effect on the levels of inflammatory markers, risky lipids and on the size of atheromatous patches. This may explain its potential role in decreasing CV events in UA patients.
The fourth advanced technologies and treatments for diabetes conference, February 16-19, 2011: London, UK
Authors: Khalil Ali
Published: July 2017

There is a progressive use of advanced technological innovations in diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of diabetes. The fourth annual Advanced Technologies and Treatments for Diabetes (ATTD) was held recently over four days in London. In this report, some of the latest news emanating from the meeting will be highlighted. Specifically those presentations that described new types of insulin and blood sugar sensing tools make loop pump therapy closer to reality.
La permanente experimentación en Álvaro Siza
Authors: Tostoes Ana
Published: July 2017

Álvaro Siza (1933) es el arquitecto portugués más importante de su generación. Así lo afi rmaba Peter Testa en 1984, en la introducción de su libro dedicado a la obra de Álvaro Siza. Hoy, pasados ya casi 25 años, podemos afi rmar sin miedo a exagerar que Álvaro Siza es sencillamente uno de los arquitectos más importantes de nuestra contemporaneidad. Con trabajos realizados desde Corea a Santiago de Compostela, desde Porto Alegre a La Haya o Berlín, Siza ha construido un recorrido único, aliando una actitud de permanente experimentación sobre los sitios, los programas o los modos de construir, a una extraordinaria capacidad lírica.
Centro de alto rendimiento y Hotel deportivo en Panticosa. Huesca. España
Authors: Álvaro Siza Arquitecto
Published: July 2017

El edifi cio establece el programa en tres niveles básicos. Un nivel de acceso, en el que se sitúan recepción, restaurante, biblioteca, tienda y un salón (cota +0,50). Un segundo nivel superior en el que se disponen todas las habitaciones del Hotel (+4,20) y un nivel subterráneo en el que se ubica el balneario, los vestuarios y los gimnasios (-4,20). El nivel de las instalaciones deportivas se organiza en plataformas que por medio de recorridos en rampa alcanzan la cota de acceso en la piscina cubierta. Estas mismas instalaciones se prolongan hasta la cubierta con el solarium y la piscina exterior.
El modelo matérico como herramienta proyectual en los alumnos de la Escuela de Arquitectura de la Universidad de Talca.
Authors: URIBE ORTIZ JOSE LUIS
Published: July 2017

Articulo que relata la experiencia en torno al modelo matérico como herramienta de indagación formal y espacial, confeccionados a partir de materia recolectada en el territorio del Valle Central de Chile. Esta experiencia forma parte de la enseñanza de la proyectación arquitectónica que reciben los alumnos de la Escuela de Arquitectura de la Universidad de Talca, Chile.
Diagramas: del ISOTYPE al GIF. Notas para una didáctica del análisis gráfico de la arquitectura
Authors: Carazo Lefort Eduardo , Galván Desvaux Noelia
Published: July 2017

Este texto aborda el uso de diagramas analíticos como procedimiento didáctico para el conocimiento y difusión de la arquitectura. Se estudian sus características, cualidades, e incluso sus relaciones con los incipientes estudios diagramáticos de principios del siglo xx, entendidos como un cierto lenguaje visual universal. Consideramos el diagrama analítico, frente al diagrama generativo, como propio y específico de la enseñanza gráfica de la arquitectura, y se tiene en cuenta su gran desarrollo y con ello su aplicación en la actual sociedad de la información y la comunicación.
Pervivencia de la representación tridimensional en las cartografías urbanas
Authors: Merino Gómez Elena , Moral Andrés Fernando
Published: July 2017

El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar cómo la potencia visual de las cartografías urbanas tridimensionales impidió su desaparición cuando todos los signos evolutivos relativos a los códigos de la representación gráfica de las ciudades auguraban lo contrario. La representación volumétrica de la ciudad, que durante el paréntesis medieval no fue más que el producto de la limitación científica, parecía condenada a extinguirse a medida que se describían los principios matemáticos y topográficos que ordenan la representación icnográfica. Sin embargo, la legibilidad inmediata que permite la representación tridimensional unida a su incontestable belleza contribuyó a prorrogar en el tiempo un modo de representación que ha pervivido hasta la actualidad.
Paradigma gráfico para la arquitectura actual
Authors: Solana Suárez Enrique , Gutiérrez Labory Elsa
Published: July 2017

Este trabajo pone en paralelo los bocetos iniciales tanto analógicos como digitales, y la aplicación de diagramas en el proceso arquitectónico de diseño. Tanto los diagramas como los bocetos forman parte del patrimonio estratégico y gráfico de la arquitectura. Los desarrollos de diseños paramétricos a partir de diagramas, han supuesto una mejora cualitativa en el imaginario arquitectónico contemporáneo, activo en un cambio de paradigma gráfico.

El propósito es contrastar las cualidades de estos dos elementos, a través de referencias publicadas recientemente y conocer su dimensión y efecto en Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica contemporánea, que nunca está fuera de los debates ideológicos que tienen lugar a este respecto y que siempre implican consecuencias gráficas, un cambio de paradigma gráfico.
Nuevos levantamientos y documentos de archivo para el conocimiento de los bienes arquitectónicos: la construcción en el siglo XVII de un nuevo vestíbulo en el Convento-Santuario de San Francisco de Paula (Paula-Italia)
Authors: De Sanctis Aldo , Fortunato Giuseppe , Zappani Antonio Agostino
Published: July 2017

Los nuevos levantamientos de 2012-2015 para el Convento de San Francisco de Paula (Paula-Italia), permiten reflexionar tanto sobre los nuevos software de adquisición de información, como sobre los modos de analizar la arquitectura basados en parámetros relativos a forma, función y técnicas de construcción. Estos parámetros se pueden evaluar solamente a través de la acción de levantamiento y cruzando los datos de los nuevos modelos 3D con la información obtenida de los documentos del pasado. El caso-estudio propuesto, relativo, en particular, al parámetro de la forma arquitectónica, ilustra claramente lo que afirmamos y el contenido cognitivo inherente en el método mostrado.
Restricciones e ideación arquitectónica. Contenedores configurales y reversiones
Authors: Domingo Gresa Jorge
Published: July 2017

¿Es posible una docencia decididamente impulsora de la creatividad en la ideación arquitectónica, usando referentes, directa y específicamente arquitectónicos, sin abordar un proyecto de arquitectura?

Este artículo fundamenta su respuesta afirmativa en el uso de restricciones y pautas aplicadas a los procesos creativos. Se exponen dos estrategias docentes de aplicación, basadas en “contenedores configurales” y “procesos revertidos”, respectivamente destinadas al diseño de maquetas y al dibujo de ideación.
El poeta Moreno Villa pintor
Authors: González Presencio Mariano , García Alonso Marta
Published: July 2017

José Moreno Villa fue un escritor, crítico de arte y pintor que dirigió la revista Arquitectura entre 1927 y 1933, realizando una extraordinaria labor de divulgación de la arquitectura moderna. El artículo pretende recordar al personaje, testigo y protagonista de la actividad de la vanguardia en España, a partir de un pequeño artículo publicado en A. C. acompañado de la reproducción de dos de sus cuadros, en el que incidía en las relaciones entre pintura y arquitectura desde una posición original y heterodoxa.
La construcción del convento de san Carlino alle Quattro Fontane: algunas notas sobre la historia y la génesis de la fábrica borrominiana
Authors: Grau Fernández Marta
Published: July 2017

El presente artículo se centra en los orígenes y la geometría del convento de San Carlino alle Quattro Fontane, sede en Roma de la Orden de Trinitarios Descalzos españoles y obra maestra del gran arquitecto barroco Francesco Borromini, que le ocupó casi toda su carrera hasta su muerte en 1667. A pesar de que el complejo se construyó en distintas fases funcionalmente independientes en base a los recursos económicos disponibles, el conjunto diseñado por Borromini fue afrontado desde el principio como un proyecto unitario de acuerdo con una geometría base que gobierna todo el conjunto.
Las bóvedas cilíndricas y su evolución hasta las cáscaras cilíndricas largas de cubierta de Félix Candela. Análisis geométrico y mecanico
Authors: Martínez Martínez Mónica , Echeverría Valiente Ernesto
Published: July 2017

El hombre ha copiado de la naturaleza sus leyes geométricas para sacar las máximas cualidades de los materiales usándolas tanto en los aspectos formales, constructivos o en el cálculo estructural.

Se hace una revisión histórica que se remata con la aparición de un nuevo material como el hormigón armado y el máximo aprovechamiento estructural a través del uso del cálculo plástico de las cáscaras cilíndricas largas de Félix Candela.
Como os partidos de esquerda avaliam o governo Lula
Authors: Silva Pedro Gustavo De Sousa
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1806-5023.2016v13n1p19O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a dinâmica da relação entre os partidos políticos de esquerda e o governo Lula durante o primeiro mandato (2003-2006). Depois de vinte e dois anos de oposição no âmbito federal e três derrotas nas eleições presidenciais, o PT assumiu a condição de governo rodeado por um amplo leque de forças políticas de diversas matizes ideológicas. No decorrer da gestão, os partidos de esquerda se dividiram em dois blocos diante do governo Lula: 1) um deles apoiou a gestão, mesmo tendo conflitos com o governo; 2) o outro bloco das esquerdas assumiu a postura de oposição, acusando o governo de traidor. Apresento as duas teses, os agentes construtores delas e os elementos que as fundamentam.
As raízes da corrupção no Brasil: estudo de casos e lições para o futuro
Authors: Queiroz Flavio De Lima
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1806-5023.2016v13n1p235O problema da corrupção constitui objeto de pesquisa tradicional das ciências sociais no Brasil. Em “As raízes da corrupção do Brasil: estudo de casos e lições para o futuro”, Furtado defende a tese de que a deficiência institucional e a impunidade constituem razões para o comportamento dos agentes da corrupção. Na obra, publicada em 2015, o autor se opõe a teses sociológicas que atribuem à cultura do patrimonialismo, como se depreende de Holanda (1995), as falhas do brasileiro na condução do Estado.
Teoria contemporânea da democracia: as visões de Schumpeter e Dahl
Authors: Palassi Filho Arlindo
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1806-5023.2016v13n2p127O objetivo do presente artigo é fazer uma breve análise das teorias da democracia desenvolvidas por Joseph Schumpeter e Robert Dahl, buscando realizar um exame comparativo das principais ideias desses pensadores. Apresenta uma breve trajetória da ideia de democracia, enfatizando a concepção metodológica de democracia realista compartilhada Schumpeter e Dahl. Elenca as semelhanças e diferenças entre as teorias da democracia desenvolvidas por esses cientistas sociais. Ressalta, além disso, as contribuições teóricas desses autores para a teoria democrática contemporânea.
Desigualdade, desenvolvimento humano e corrupção nos estados brasileiros
Authors: Henrique Anderson , Fernandes Antônio Alves Tôrres , Nascimento Willber
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1806-5023.2016v13n2p167Qual a relação entre desenvolvimento humano, desigualdade de renda e corrupção no Brasil? O objetivo do trabalho é testar a hipótese de que corrupção está negativamente correlacionada com o IDHM e positivamente associada a desigualdade de renda nos estados. Metodologicamente, utiliza-se estatística descritiva, correlação de Pearson, análise espacial e regressão linear de múltiplos quadrados ordinários (MQO). Os resultados encontrados indicam que: (1) há uma associação positiva entre desigualdade de renda e corrupção; (2) desenvolvimento humano está correlacionado negativamente com a corrupção e (3) existe correlação espacial entre corrupção, desigualdade de renda e IDHM em alguns estados do Sul-Sudeste e do Nordeste.
Coaching na aula de Sociologia
Authors: Silva Paulo Carlos
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1806-5023.2016v13n2p189Este trabalho parte da hipótese de que o Coaching, técnica bem conhecida no âmbito da administração e do esporte, poderá produzir bons resultados em sala de aula devido à sua proximidade com os objetivos de um educador que é o de conduzir seu aluno ao território do conhecimento. Inspirado na obra de Bernard Lahire e Takeuti, utilizei o método qualitativo conhecido como pesquisa-ação tendo como base ferramentas e técnicas de Coaching para coleta de dados e intervenção na realidade através da provocação da auto avaliação do aluno e imediata tomada de uma decisão. Logramos êxito no aspecto de que, sendo de escola pública, mergulhados no senso comum de estarem em uma escola inferior, foram sensibilizados para a consciência de serem autores da própria história e assim motivá-los a buscar os caminhos para o sucesso.
A produção de uma disciplina escolar: um estudo sobre as concepções de ensino e as estratégias metodológicas empregadas por professores(as) de Sociologia
Authors: Ferreira Eduardo Carvalho
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1806-5023.2016v13n2p204Em sua condição atual a disciplina escolar de Sociologia pode parecer mais estável e consensual do que alguns anos atrás, no entanto, ainda persistem muitas dúvidas sobre seu projeto disciplinar. Sua recente consolidação como disciplina escolar tem produzido uma história curricular bastante oscilante em virtude das inovações educativas trazidas pelas políticas educacionais do período pós Lei 3.934/96. Fruto desse contexto emergiu uma renovação do ensino da disciplina, aportando novos significados e construindo novas práticas, em um momento de retomada da formação de professores pelos cursos de Ciências Sociais no Brasil. Neste artigo apresento algumas ideias a partir de estudo de caso sobre o que pensam os professores de Sociologia e os efeitos dessa renovação em suas práticas de ensino.
Against Mixed Epistemology
Authors: Milburn Joe
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1808-1711.2015v19n2p183We can call any reductive account of knowledge that appeals to both safety and ability conditions a mixed account of knowledge. Examples of mixed accounts of knowledge include Pritchard’s (2012) Anti-Luck Virtue Epistemology, Kelp’s (2013) Safe-Apt account of knowledge, and Turri’s (2011) Ample belief account of knowledge. Mixed accounts of knowledge are motivated by well-known counterexamples to pure safety and pure ability accounts of knowledge. It is thought that by combining both safety and ability conditions we can give an extensionally adequate reductive account of knowledge. In this paper I argue that the putative counterexamples to pure safety and pure ability accounts of knowledge fail to motivate mixed accounts of knowledge. In particular, I argue that if the putative counterexamples are problematic for safety accounts they are problematic for ability accounts and vice-versa. The reason for this, I argue, is that the safety condition and ability condition should be understood as alternative expressions of the same intuition — that knowledge must come from a reliable source.
Why Privileged Self-Knowledge and Content Externalism are Compatible
Authors: Gallegos Sergio Armando
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1808-1711.2015v19n2p197In the last twenty-five years, several authors have raised problems to the thesis that privileged self-knowledge is compatible with content externalism. In particular, the ‘slow-switching’ argument, which was originally put forth by Paul Boghossian (1989), aims to show that there is no satisfactory account of how we can have privileged knowledge about our own thoughts given content externalism. Though many philosophers have found ways to block the argument, no one has worried to address a major worry that Boghossian had when he presented the argument, which is to understand under which conditions privileged self-knowledge is possible given content externalism. In this paper, I offer a diagnosis of why the ‘slow-switching’ argument fails and I show how the diagnosis enables us to provide a partial response to Boghossian’s worry.
Caracterización de una noción de simulación a partir de prácticas experimentales
Authors: Garcia Pio
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1808-1711.2015v19n2p217Computer simulations have been characterized by making a sharp contrast with others scientific practices. In this paper we propose to understand computer simulations from interventive practices in a particular field: life sciences. We defend two theses. First, to characterize computer simulations requires to understand experimental practices. Second, we argue that to understand experiments requires a previous notion of simulation. In other words, we defend that the practices associated with simulations and experimentation are two complementary aspects, at least in life sciences.
Can dispositionalism about belief vindicate doxasticism about delusion?
Authors: Porcher José Eduardo
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1808-1711.2015v19n3p379Clinical delusions have traditionally been characterized as beliefs in psychiatry. However, philosophers have recently engaged with the empirical literature and produced a number of objections to the so-called doxastic status of delusion, stemming mainly from the mismatch between the functional role of delusions and that expected of beliefs. In response to this, an appeal to dispositionalism about the nature of belief has been proposed to vindicate the doxastic status of delusion. In this paper, I first present the objections to attributing beliefs to delusional patients and the application of dispositionalism in the attempt to vindicate doxasticism. I then assess this application and some responses to the objections to the doxastic characterization. Finally, I offer some conclusions about the limits of folk-psychological concepts in the characterization and explanation of complex psychological phenomena such as delusions.
Empatia, antropomorfismo e cognição animal
Authors: Scotto Silvia Carolina
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1808-1711.2015v19n3p423In this paper I argue that attributions of certain cognitive abilities to some animal species, based on inter-species empathy, are supported on a presupposition according to which those animal species are minded creatures. This implicit premise gives support to a “transcendental” argument, based on empathy, in favor of animal cognition, that justifies the anthropomorphic character of ordinary psychological attributions. Furthermore, abundant empirical grounds and theoretical hypothesis explain the nature and the adaptive functions of empathy and anthropomorphism, shaping a complementary “cognitive-evolutive” argument. The two faces of this “empathic argument”, the trascendental and the empirical one, strengthen the idea of a line of relative continuity between our ordinary point of view about us and our ordinary point of view about some animal species, that is founded on the existence of a line of continuity between species, and therefore, on an evolutionary explanation of these socio-cognitive basic abilities.
Actualism and Fictional Characters
Authors: Leclerc André
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1808-1711.2016v20n1p61In what follows, I present only part of a program that consists in developing a version of actualism as an adequate framework for the metaphysics of intentionality. I will try to accommodate in that framework suggestions found in Kripke’s works and some positions developed by Amie Thomasson. What should we change if we accept “fictional entities” in the domain of the actual world? Actualism is the thesis that everything that exists belongs to the domain of the actual world and that there are no possibilia. I shall defend that there are abstract artefacts, like fictional characters, and institutions. My argument could be seen as a version of Moore’s paradox: it is paradoxical to say: “I made (created) it, but I do not believe it exists”. Moreover, there are true sentences about them. I will examine what it means to include abstract artefacts in the domain of the actual world. I favour a use of “exist” that includes beings with no concrete occupation of tri-dimensional space; to exist, it is enough to have been introduced at some moment in history. Abstract artefacts, like fictional characters, exist in that sense. I argue that it is important to distinguish two perspectives (internal and external) in order to clarify the kind of knowledge we have of fictional characters. However, their existence presupposes a relation of dependence to a material basis and the mental activities of many people.
Impossibilia
Authors: Vacek Martin
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1808-1711.2016v20n1p81The paper defends the so-called extended modal realism, a theory according to which there are concrete impossible worlds. Firstly, modal realism is presented. Next, the way of how its ontology enriched by impossible worlds should look like in order to save its main theoretical virtues is pursued. Finally, I argue for a claim that metaphysical impossibility equals to dissimilarity between worlds instantiating distinct metaphysical structures.