bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Set-Valued T-Translative Functions and Their Applications in Finance
Authors: Hamel Andreas H. , Heyde Frank
Published: September 2021

A theory for set-valued functions is developed, which are translative with respect to a linear operator. It is shown that such functions cover a wide range of applications, from projections in Hilbert spaces, set-valued quantiles for vector-valued random variables, to scalar or set-valued risk measures in finance with defaultable or nondefaultable securities. Primal, dual, and scalar representation results are given, among them an infimal convolution representation, which is not so well known even in the scalar case. Along the way, new concepts of set-valued lower/upper expectations are introduced and dual representation results are formulated using such expectations. An extension to random sets is discussed at the end. The principal methodology consisted of applying the complete lattice framework of set optimization.
Full Workflows for the Analysis of Gas Chromatography—Ion Mobility Spectrometry in Foodomics: Application to the Analysis of Iberian Ham Aroma
Authors: Freire Rafael , Fernandez Luis , Mallafré-Muro Celia , Martín-Gómez Andrés , Madrid-Gambin Francisco , Oliveira Luciana , Pardo Antonio , Arce Lourdes , Marco Santiago
Published: September 2021

Gas chromatography—ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) allows the fast, reliable, and inexpensive chemical composition analysis of volatile mixtures. This sensing technology has been successfully employed in food science to determine food origin, freshness and preventing alimentary fraud. However, GC-IMS data is highly dimensional, complex, and suffers from strong non-linearities, baseline problems, misalignments, peak overlaps, long peak tails, etc., all of which must be corrected to properly extract the relevant features from samples. In this work, a pipeline for signal pre-processing, followed by four different approaches for feature extraction in GC-IMS data, is presented. More precisely, these approaches consist of extracting data features from: (1) the total area of the reactant ion peak chromatogram (RIC); (2) the full RIC response; (3) the unfolded sample matrix; and (4) the ion peak volumes. The resulting pipelines for data processing were applied to a dataset consisting of two different quality class Iberian ham samples, based on their feeding regime. The ability to infer chemical information from samples was tested by comparing the classification results obtained from partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and the samples’ variable importance for projection (VIP) scores. The choice of a feature extraction strategy is a trade-off between the amount of chemical information that is preserved, and the computational effort required to generate the data models.
An Array of On-Chip Integrated, Individually Addressable Capacitive Field-Effect Sensors with Control Gate: Design and Modelling
Authors: Poghossian Arshak , Welden Rene , Buniatyan Vahe V. , Schöning Michael J.
Published: September 2021

The on-chip integration of multiple biochemical sensors based on field-effect electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor capacitors (EISCAP) is challenging due to technological difficulties in realization of electrically isolated EISCAPs on the same Si chip. In this work, we present a new simple design for an array of on-chip integrated, individually electrically addressable EISCAPs with an additional control gate (CG-EISCAP). The existence of the CG enables an addressable activation or deactivation of on-chip integrated individual CG-EISCAPs by simple electrical switching the CG of each sensor in various setups, and makes the new design capable for multianalyte detection without cross-talk effects between the sensors in the array. The new designed CG-EISCAP chip was modelled in so-called floating/short-circuited and floating/capacitively-coupled setups, and the corresponding electrical equivalent circuits were developed. In addition, the capacitance-voltage curves of the CG-EISCAP chip in different setups were simulated and compared with that of a single EISCAP sensor. Moreover, the sensitivity of the CG-EISCAP chip to surface potential changes induced by biochemical reactions was simulated and an impact of different parameters, such as gate voltage, insulator thickness and doping concentration in Si, on the sensitivity has been discussed.
Research Trends of Human–Computer Interaction Studies in Construction Hazard Recognition: A Bibliometric Review
Authors: Wang Jiaming , Cheng Rui , Liu Mei , Liao Pin-Chao
Published: September 2021

Human–computer interaction, an interdisciplinary discipline, has become a frontier research topic in recent years. In the fourth industrial revolution, human–computer interaction has been increasingly applied to construction safety management, which has significantly promoted the progress of hazard recognition in the construction industry. However, limited scholars have yet systematically reviewed the development of human–computer interaction in construction hazard recognition. In this study, we analyzed 274 related papers published in ACM Digital Library, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus between 2000 and 2021 using bibliometric methods, systematically identified the research progress, key topics, and future research directions in this field, and proposed a research framework for human–computer interaction in construction hazard recognition (CHR-HCI). The results showed that, in the past 20 years, the application of human–computer interaction not only made significant contributions to the development of hazard recognition, but also generated a series of new research subjects, such as multimodal physiological data analysis in hazard recognition experiments, development of intuitive devices and sensors, and the human–computer interaction safety management platform based on big data. Future research modules include computer vision, computer simulation, virtual reality, and ergonomics. In this study, we drew a theoretical map reflecting the existing research results and the relationship between them, and provided suggestions for the future development of human–computer interaction in the field of hazard recognition from a practical perspective.
An IoT-Based System for Monitoring the Health of Guyed Towers in Overhead Power Lines
Authors: Ferreira Dias Claudio , de Oliveira Juliane Regina , de Mendonça Lucas D. , de Almeida Larissa M. , de Lima Eduardo R. , Wanner Lucas
Published: September 2021

The collapse of overhead power line guyed towers is one of the leading causes of power grid failures, subjecting electricity companies to pay considerable, high-value fines. In this way, the current work proposes a novel and complete framework for the remote monitoring of mechanical stresses in guyed towers. The framework method comprises a mesh network for data forwarding and neural networks to improve the performance of Low-Power and Lossy Networks. The method also considers the use of multiple sensors in the sensor fusion technique. As a result, the risk of collapse of guyed cable towers reduces, due to the remote monitoring and preventive actions promoted by the framework. Furthermore, the proposed method uses multiple input variable fusions, such as accelerometers and tension sensors, to estimate the tower’s displacement. These estimations help address the structural health of the tower against failures (i.e., loosening of the stay cables, displacement, and vibrations) that can cause catastrophic events, such as tower collapse or even cable rupture.
The Accuracy and Precision of Gait Spatio-Temporal Parameters Extracted from an Instrumented Sock during Treadmill and Overground Walking in Healthy Subjects and Patients with a Foot Impairment Secondary to Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Walha Roua , Lebel Karina , Gaudreault Nathaly , Dagenais Pierre , Cereatti Andrea , Della Croce Ugo , Boissy Patrick
Published: September 2021

The objectives of this study were to assess the accuracy and precision of a system combining an IMU-instrumented sock and a validated algorithm for the estimation of the spatio-temporal parameters of gait. A total of 25 healthy participants (HP) and 21 patients with foot impairments secondary to psoriatic arthritis (PsA) performed treadmill walking at three different speeds and overground walking at a comfortable speed. HP performed the assessment over two sessions. The proposed system’s estimations of cadence (CAD), gait cycle duration (GCD), gait speed (GS), and stride length (SL) obtained for treadmill walking were validated versus those estimated with a motion capture system. The system was also compared with a well-established multi-IMU-based system for treadmill and overground walking. The results showed a good agreement between the motion capture system and the IMU-instrumented sock in estimating the spatio-temporal parameters during the treadmill walking at normal and fast speeds for both HP and PsA participants. The accuracy of GS and SL obtained from the IMU-instrumented sock was better compared to the established multi-IMU-based system in both groups. The precision (inter-session reliability) of the gait parameter estimations obtained from the IMU-instrumented sock was good to excellent for overground walking and treadmill walking at fast speeds, but moderate-to-good for slow and normal treadmill walking. The proposed IMU-instrumented sock offers a novel form factor addressing the wearability issues of IMUs and could potentially be used to measure spatio-temporal parameters under clinical conditions and free-living conditions.
Image Acquisition Device for Smart-City Access Control Applications Based on Iris Recognition
Authors: Zadnik Damjan , Žemva Andrej
Published: September 2021

In this work, we present an eye-image acquisition device that can be used as an image acquisition front-end application in compact, low-cost, and easy-to-integrate products for smart-city access control applications, based on iris recognition. We present the advantages and disadvantages of iris recognition compared to fingerprint- or face recognition. We also present the main drawbacks of the existing commercial solutions and propose a concept device design for door-mounted access control systems based on iris recognition technology. Our eye-image acquisition device was built around a low-cost camera module. An integrated infrared distance measurement was used for active image focusing. FPGA image processing was used for raw-RGB to grayscale demosaicing and passive image focusing. The integrated visible light illumination meets the IEC62471 photobiological safety standard. According to our results, we present the operation of the distance-measurement subsystem, the operation of the image-focusing subsystem, examples of acquired images of an artificial toy eye under different illumination conditions, and the calculation of illumination exposure hazards. We managed to acquire a sharp image of an artificial toy eye sized 22 mm in diameter from an approximate distance of 10 cm, with 400 pixels over the iris diameter, an average acquisition time of 1 s, and illumination below hazardous exposure levels.
Graph Attention Feature Fusion Network for ALS Point Cloud Classification
Authors: Yang Jie , Zhang Xinchang , Huang Yun
Published: September 2021

Classification is a fundamental task for airborne laser scanning (ALS) point cloud processing and applications. This task is challenging due to outdoor scenes with high complexity and point clouds with irregular distribution. Many existing methods based on deep learning techniques have drawbacks, such as complex pre/post-processing steps, an expensive sampling cost, and a limited receptive field size. In this paper, we propose a graph attention feature fusion network (GAFFNet) that can achieve a satisfactory classification performance by capturing wider contextual information of the ALS point cloud. Based on the graph attention mechanism, we first design a neighborhood feature fusion unit and an extended neighborhood feature fusion block, which effectively increases the receptive field for each point. On this basis, we further design a neural network based on encoder–decoder architecture to obtain the semantic features of point clouds at different levels, allowing us to achieve a more accurate classification. We evaluate the performance of our method on a publicly available ALS point cloud dataset provided by the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS). The experimental results show that our method can effectively distinguish nine types of ground objects. We achieve more satisfactory results on different evaluation metrics when compared with the results obtained via other approaches.
Análisis y cuantificación de la discriminación salarial por género en el sector turístico de México
Authors: Martínez Sidón Gilberto , Morones Carrillo Ana Lourdes
Published: September 2021

En el presente artículo se analiza y cuantifica la discriminación salarial por género en el sector turístico de México. A partir de las ecuaciones de Mincer (1974), que cuantifican el rendimiento privado del capital humano, se implementa la metodología de Oaxaca (1973) y Blinder (1973) para calcular la brecha salarial entre hombres y mujeres, misma que se descompone en los efectos dotación, coeficientes (discriminación) e interacción. Además, se utiliza la metodología de Heckman (1979) para corregir por sesgo de selección de ingresar al mercado laboral y el sesgo de selección de laborar en el sector turístico. Asimismo, se incluyen variables de control para algunas ocupaciones laborales. Los datos se obtuvieron de la Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo (ENOE) para el cuarto trimestre del 2019. Los resultados sugieren que el 21.95% de la brecha salarial en el sector del turismo de México en favor de los hombres se puede atribuir a la inversión en capital humano, mientras que el 39.35% de la brecha se explica por la discriminación salarial hacia las mujeres. Al incluir variables de control de las ocupaciones laborales, el porcentaje que explica la brecha salarial atribuible a la discriminación disminuye a 38.82%.
Clubes de convergencia metropolitana en México: un análisis a través del índice lumínico
Authors: Valenzuela-Vega David R. , Luna-Domínguez Edgar M. , Chapa Cantú Joana C.
Published: September 2021

El objetivo del artículo es identificar las zonas metropolitanas que convergen y divergen económicamente en México. Para estimar la convergencia entre las diferentes zonas, se utilizan el índice lumínico y la metodología propuesta por Phillips y Sul (2007), la cual permite la conformación de subgrupos de zonas en los que se puede presentar convergencia o divergencia entre los elementos del subgrupo generado. Al encontrarse cinco clubes de convergencia entre las diversas zonas metropolitanas de México, se demuestra que la dinámica de convergencia económica es heterogénea, por lo que resulta relevante un estudio a nivel de cada zona. De igual manera, se identifica que existe una división entre un club de convergencia con zonas metropolitanas predominantemente en el norte del país, pero esta división es más compleja que una simple división Norte-Sur. El trabajo se enfoca solo en áreas metropolitanas, por lo que no todos los municipios de México están incluidos. Si bien la metodología de Phillips y Sul (2007) permite generar clubes de convergencia sin necesidad de hacer supuestos relacionados con las propiedades de estacionariedad de las variables, esta metodología no permite identificar los factores específicos que hacen que estos grupos se formen. El presente es el primer trabajo que analiza convergencia económica entre zonas metropolitanas de México.
Exploratory Study of Visual Enhancement to Display Smart Apps on Android Phones for Selasar Imaji Library
Authors:   Universitas Komputer Indonesia, Dewiyanti D , M Puspasari A , S A Kamil F , K Ningtyas B
Published: September 2021

The attractive appearance of the system applications on the Android phone is quite important. There is an initial premise that the "Imaji Library" application that the Selasar Imaji Library owns is less attractive to users because it is not attractive. This study aims to explore an attractive appearance based on studies that are filtered to application users. Through Research and Development (R&D) activities, by 1) capturing questionnaire results from users to find out what is less attractive from the application display; 2) study of the search for the preferred visual appearance; 3) designing applications; and 4) application testing to librarians. The results of the exploration activities are in the form of (1) a new prototype design of the "Imaji Library" application display, (2) the development of application features in terms of procurement, processing, tracking, and member and circulation management activities. The implication of this research is helpful for librarians' convenience in managing libraries.
Application Design for Recording Financial Statements
Authors: Surtikanti S , Lutfiah L , Lutfiah I , Febriani I
Published: September 2021

The development of information technology users requires applications to organize the recording and presentation of financial report data more easily and accurately. The current financial statements are not only by companies but also by Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Besides, the public also uses them to manage their financial records. The purpose of this research is to develop accounting applications that have been circulating today to support financial statements to ensure data security. This research used a descriptive qualitative method to collect data in accordance with field facts. The population of this research is students of Universitas Komputer Indonesia who learn to use accurate applications because accurately studied by accounting students, the sample is students majoring in accounting. Sample techniques used purposive sampling, where respondents will be selected according to the criteria. Data collection through questionnaires were distributed online to obtain data in accordance with field facts. This study shows that the development of accounting applications supports the recording of financial statements in maintaining the security of existing data in financial statements. It impacts MSMEs who want to store their financial transaction data safely because there are security features similar to accuracy, except that before storing data, users must enter a special code as at the beginning when starting data recording. It can ensure security in recording financial statements and preventing data modification fraud.
Feeling of love in Batticaloa folk songs
Authors: Thayanithy Murugu
Published: September 2021

Literatures have been studied orally before taking written form. History makes it clear that such songs were written during the Sanskrit period. These oral literatures shed light on the life and history of a country and its flaws and serve as a mirror that reveals the cultures, customs, and ancient thoughts of the people. Although the study of folk songs on the world stage has been in vogue for a long time, it came into practice in Tamil Nadu in the 19th century and then came into the study. However, it has not been advanced as a separate discipline in the University of Sri Lanka to date. Instead, the study of folk songs is being carried out in collaboration with the Tamil Department.In the case of Batticaloa Tamil Nadu, the close connection between India and Sri Lanka due to migration, migration and migration from ancient times can be seen from the identification of Tamils as the first and last king of Sri Lanka.Therefore, it is possible to realize that folk songs are widespread among the people of Batticaloa as there was not only Tamil Nadu connection but also Indian national connection. The songs are arranged in the form of Ritual, Rain and Famine, Lullaby, Game, love, Marriage, Family, Community, Relationship and Career, Obpari, Swing, Satire, Mother Songs.These songs explore love songs, present the feeling of love found in them, show how they fit in with the general characteristics found in the literature of Sangala Agathi and reveal aspects of the Batticaloa socio-cultural hierarchy. The gist of the song is not to give a direct meaning, but to explain its essence. They are classified as motherly songs, Fatherly songs, Leader songs, Leader songs, Friend songs, and General songs.
Wildfire Identification using AI Techniques
Authors: S Jeyabalan
Published: September 2021

An essential inspiration for building up an online device is to help general well being specialists and crisis responders in settling on educated choices previously, during, and after rapidly spreading fire crises. Need for such frameworks are a lot of critical to dodge the exercise in futility and to lessen the human passings while fierce blaze happens. More automation and inferior extremity activity salvage monetary system on work cost and asset fatigue. It is a practical method of hazard expectation in wildfire.. Toward that end, CDC is building up an online apparatus that uses transient expectations and estimates of smoke fixations and incorporates them with proportions of populace level weakness to help recognize in danger populaces to rapidly spreading fire smoke perils. The instrument will be operationalized on a public scale, looking for information and help from a few scholastic, government, and SLTT Partners. We anticipate that this device will diminish an opportunity to recognize affected networks, help to distinguish and specify weak populaces, better describe populace level openness, and educate execution regarding fitting mediations for those territories influenced by out of control fire smoke perils.
Antibacterial and Anti–Biofilm Activities of Acetone Extracts of Usnea sp. against Mixed Cultures of Bacteria from Soak Liquor Samples and Tank Surfaces
Authors: Berber Didem , Türkmenoğlu İpek , Sesal Nüzhet Cenk
Published: September 2021

Long-term or improper use of antibacterial agents utilized in the soaking process has led to the resistance of some bacteria in the leather industry. New agents may be the solution to combat these antibacterial resistant bacteria in the soaking process. As a natural resource, lichens are known to have many biological activities. In previous studies, we demonstrated that the acetone extracts of several lichen species including Usnea sp. may have potential antibacterial and anti–biofilm properties against some Bacillus species, which were isolated from different soak liquor samples. In the present study, it was questioned whether the same bioactivities of acetone extracts of Usnea sp. can be seen in the mixed cultures of tank surface samples and pre-and main soak liquor samples, which were obtained from different tanneries. Although the extracts did not show noteworthy antibacterial effect against one of the tank surface samples (inhibition ratios; 6.5–16.22 %), inhibition percentages were detected as 69.32 and 46.33 at the concentrations of 240 and 120 µg/mL for the other tank surface sample. The anti-biofilm potential of the extracts was tested on the sample where the antibacterial activity of the extracts was not observed. One of the mixed culture of samples from the tank surface could not be inhibited by the extracts in terms of bacterial growth. However, the extracts were tested on this biofilm-forming sample and detected more than 50% inhibition. Furthermore, the extracts inhibited the growth of the mixed culture of bacteria from pre-soak liquor by the percentages of 78.96, 61.5, 51.3, 45.1, and 33.4 at the concentrations of 240, 120, 60, 30 and 15 µg/mL, respectively. On the other hand, the same antibacterial efficacy could not be observed in the other mixed culture from pre-soak liquor sample obtained from a different tannery whereas this sample formed a biofilm structure. The mixed culture of samples from the main soaking process was inhibited by the extracts at the inhibition percentages of 62.13–78.17 at the concentrations of 240- 30 µg/mL. Similar results were also obtained for the other sample (64.6–76.5%) from main soak liquor sample obtained from a different tannery. In conclusion, lichen extracts may have potential antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties against the mixed culture of bacteria from tank surface, pre-and main soak liquor samples and maybe alternatively utilized in the leather industry.
Improvement of Leather Flame Retardancy through Nano Clay Addition
Authors: Sepehri Samaneh , Tehran Mohammad Amani , Zeighami Fatemeh
Published: September 2021

Leather is widely used in various industries including apparel, safety clothing, aircraft and automotive, due to its unique properties such as softness, air permeability, chemical resistance, high flexibility and reasonable mechanical resistance. Since leather products usually contain flammable organic compounds such as tanning, fatliquoring, dyeing and finishing materials, improvement of its flame retardancy is very important. A lot of flame retardants have been synthesized and applied to improve flame retardancy of leather. One of the best materials is nanoclay because it is easily available, environment-friendly and has a low cost. In this research, we propose a process that reduces the burning length of the leather and increases its thermal stability. For this purpose, clay nanoparticles by 1, 3, and 5 mass percent (relative to wet leather mass) were added to wet-blue bovine and goat leather under certain (temperature and time) conditions during the re-tanning process. The results of the TGA test on bovine leather samples showed that by increasing the amount of nanoclay, the thermal stability of samples was increased. SEM images prepared from the grain and cross-sections of bovine and goat leather samples showed that with a high percentage of nanoclay, particle agglomeration is partially visible. The results of the vertical flammability test also showed that the presence of clay nanoparticles reduced the burning length of leather samples. Tensile strength of bovine leather samples containing clay nanoparticles increased compared to the control sample. However, the tear strength of them did not differ significantly.
Tanning Chemicals’ Influence in Leather Tensile and Tear Strength Review
Authors: Tournier Ricardo
Published: September 2021

For over 100 years of tanning research, it is still arguable whether tanning chemicals weaken, strengthen or have an effect on the skin's original collagen fibers.

The current paper is a review of the literature regarding the impact of the tanning process on the mechanical properties of leather specifically, tensile and tear strength, that raises several questions about this topic. A call is made for the scientific and technical community to address these questions
Thermal Sensitive Agents for Making Stimuli Responsive Leathers
Authors: Alla Jaya Prakash , Nishter Nishad Fathima , Rao Jonnalagadda Raghava
Published: September 2021

Herein, we report the synthesis and application of a smart polymeric acrylic syntan (synthetic tanning material), which can respond to temperature and pH. Behavior of polymer at different pH (1-10) at room temperature (28°C) was studied. Also interactions with collagen were ascertained in order to understand the polymers’ response towards secondary structures of collagen. Leather made using the experimental syntan demonstrated higher temperature resistance of 3±0.5°C compared to control syntan treated leathers (1±0.5°C) when exposed to heat under artificial simulation. Experimental leathers exhibited better strength and organoleptic properties. These smart leathers find its application in extreme climatic conditions of heat or cold.
Development of Sustainable Strategies for Leather Waste Management through Bacterial Remediation
Authors: Sindhuja A. , Kurinjimalar C. , Jayakumar Gladstone Christopher , Yasothai A. , Kanth Swarna V.
Published: September 2021

A new Bacillus species has been isolated and used for treating chrome leather wastes. The activity of Bacillus species is evaluated for the degradability of the Chrome Leather Waste (CLW). An initial CLW substrate concentration at 0.5 and 1%, along with the bacterial strain is studied against the control sample without bacterial strain. The higher proteolytic enzyme production and hydroxyproline release in the CLW containing medium confirms the degradation process, whereas it is significantly less in control samples. The degradation profile of CLW shows higher in 1% CLW as compared to 0.5% CLW. In 1% CLW, the protease activity of the isolated strain has been increased from 1.615 to 5.625 U/mL. In addition to protease activity, the isolated strain also expressed chromate reductase activity. Furthermore, FTIR, TGA, and SEM studies confirm the degradation of leather wastes.
Thermogravimetric Analysis and Pyrolysis Kinetics of Tannery Wastes in an Inert Atmosphere
Authors: Luo Lan , Liiu Cheng-Kung , Brown Eleanor , Wang Fang , Hu Yadi , Tang Keyong
Published: September 2021

Industrial wastes generated from tanneries contain large quantities of water-insoluble proteins, which may be used for the production of composite materials, renewable chemicals and energy. In this work, the pyrolysis kinetics of powdered sheep fur wastes (SFW) was studied by thermogravimetry (TG) at different heating rates from room temperature to 600°C in nitrogen atmosphere. TG results revealed that there are three stages in this process. The overall apparent activation energy (E) in the main pyrolysis stage was determined to be 275.6 kJ mol-1 by modified Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (MKAS) method. Because the pyrolysis of SFW could not be described by a single-step reaction, the experimental DTG curve of SFW was deconvoluted into three individual peaks followed by reconstruction of TG curves corresponding to three pseudo components. The average values of E obtained for these pseudo components are 234.7 kJ mol-1, 176.4 kJ mol-1, and 186.2 kJ mol-1, respectively. Generalized master-plots method indicated that the SFW pyrolysis may follow the random nucleation and growth mechanism (Avrami-Erofeev model). Reaction model functions f(?) for these pseudo components could be expressed as: f(?)=3.1(1-?)[-ln(1-?)]0.67; f(?)=3.6(1-?)[-ln(1-?)]0.72, and  f(?)=3.9(1-?)[-ln(1-?)]0.74, respectively. These results may provide insight for further studies as well as for future application of pyrolysis technology for tannery wastes.
Performance Evaluation of Dimethyl Silicone Oil as Archaeological Dry Leather Lubricant
Authors: Koochakzaei Alireza , Ahmadi Hossein , Achachlouei Mohsen Mohammadi
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to investigate?the treatment effect?of dimethyl silicone oil on archaeological dried leather. Leather samples, without treatment and treated in a vacuum, were submitted to an accelerated aging at 100°C for 72 hours. In order to evaluate the efficacy of treatment, leather characteristics were examined before and after treatment with dimethyl silicone oil and after accelerated aging. Colorimetry, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, shrinkage temperature measurement and differential scanning calorimetry were used to examine the leather characteristics and the effectiveness and stability of treatment. The results revealed that the dimethyl silicone oil has a suitable performance in the treatment of dry leather. The results also showed that the use of dimethyl silicone oil significantly reduces the changes in leather during accelerated aging. In other words, dimethyl silicone oil treatment improves the leather stability against deterioration.
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Based Skin Preservation: Solving the Soak Liquor Effluent Crisis of the Leather Industry
Authors: Gopinath Arun , Vedaraman Nagarajan , Madhan Balaraman , Rao Jonnalagadda Raghava , Peter Magesh , Kirubagaran Ramalingam
Published: September 2021

Salt-based preservation of hides/skins contributes to about 50% total dissolved solids (TDS) in tannery wastewaters. In this study, raw skins have been preserved by exposing them to a continuous flow of supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) in a pressurized reactor. The process was carried out in reactors of two different capacities to ensure scalability. The skins thus dried could be stored at room temperature for a period of 30 days. The SCCO2–dried skins were less conducive for microbial growth than wet-salted skins. The soak liquor of SCCO2–dehydrated skin showed a 90% reduction in chloride content and significantly lower BOD and COD levels than soak liquor from wet-salted skins. The leathers produced from SCCO2-preserved skins and wet-salted skin had no significant quality differences. As SCCO2 systems have been reported as alternatives to all other unit operations, establishing SCCO2–based preservation will complete the circle of total leather manufacture with SCCO2.
De-Oiled Karanja Cake as Potential Bio-Additive for Low Salt Raw Skin Preservation
Authors: Brinda V. , Vedaraman N. , Sundar John , Kangaraj J. , Velappan K. C. , Muralidharan C
Published: September 2021

The most commonly practiced preservation processes for raw hide/skin is by application of common salt (NaCl) due to its wide availability, cost effectiveness and bacteriostatic activity. During the soaking process, the salt present in the skin dissolves in water, thereby generating high total dissolved solids (TDS) levels causing pollution to the environment. Hence, an eco–friendly material without salt or with lower quantities of salt is needed for the preservation of the skin. In this present study Karanja de-oiled cake (Millettia/Pongamia pinnata) extract was studied for its antibacterial activity, minimal inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration for preservation. The reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) analysis shows the presence of karanjin (0.2%) and pongamol (0.02%) and these compounds may be responsible for the antibacterial activity against skin deteriorating bacteria. The preservation trials with karanja de-oiled cake 15% along with less salt 15% showed no hair slip, no putrefaction, reduced bacterial load to approximately 35%, compared to control skins at 25º-35ºC for 21 days. The preserved skins on rehydration showed that the soak liquor of experimental skins had a considerable reduction in TDS (about 67%) compared with conventional soak liquor. On processing these skins into leather, the experimental skins were found to possess comparable strength properties (tensile, tear strength) and organoleptic properties as conventional salt-based preserved skins. This study concludes that conventional salt-based preservation of skins can be replaced by an eco-friendly preservation method using karanja de-oiled cake along with less salt.
Efficacy of Usnea sp. Extracts in Preventing Biofilm Formation by Bacillus Species Isolated from Soaking Liquor Samples
Authors: Berber Didem , Türkmenoğlu İpek , Birbir Meral , Sesal Nüzhet Cenk
Published: September 2021

Bacteria forms biofilm to be resistant to antibacterial agents and other unfavorable environment as compared to planktonic bacterial cells. Due to resistance of bacterial biofilms to commonly used antimicrobial agents and adverse effects of these biofilms in different industries, potential natural compounds which can inhibit bacterial biofilms have attracted more attention in recent years. Lichens are known to have unique secondary metabolites with various biological activities including anti-biofilm properties. Therefore, Bacillus toyonensis, Bacillus mojavensis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus licheniformis, isolated from soak liquor samples in the previous study, were tested for their ability to form biofilm in this study. Biofilm-forming Bacillus species were detected as B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, and B. velezensis. The anti-biofilm effect of the acetone extracts of Usnea sp. was evaluated at various concentrations against these biofilm-forming isolates. The anti-biofilm effect of acetone extracts of Usnea sp. against B. subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens was observed at the concentration of 5 µg/mL by inhibition ratios of 62.75% and 72.72%, respectively. In addition, biofilm formation of B. velezensis was inhibited by the treatment with 1.25 µg/mL extracts at a 62.69% inhibition rate. Biofilm formations of B. amyloliquefaciens and B. velezensis were also suppressed by the extracts at varying percentages of inhibition ranging between 10.11-43.69% and 21.25-46.35%, respectively. This study may provide an alternative approach to overcome the biofilm formation and bacterial resistance to the antibacterial agents in the leather industry.
Influence of Ultrasound on the Adsorption, Diffusion and Kinetics of Leather Dyeing Process: Mechanistic Insight
Authors: Sivakuma Venkatasubramanian
Published: September 2021

Leather is a natural porous material, which is composed of a three-dimensional weave of tanned collagen fibre bundles. This paper studies the influence of power ultrasound on the adsorption and kinetics of leather dyeing process. Dyeing experiments have been carried out using ultrasound (150 W, 33 kHz) and compared with that of static control dyeing process. The data of dye uptake in leather have been analysed using Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms. Intra Particle diffusion model has been employed to calculate Intra particle diffusion rate constant and Boundary Layer effect. Diffusion coefficient (D) of dye through leather matrix has also been calculated. Kinetics of leather dyeing process has been studied through pseudo first and second order rate equation. The Freundlich constant (Kf), Langmuir parameter (Qm), Intra Particle diffusion rate constant (Kd) Apparent Diffusion coefficient (D) and Pseudo First order kinetic constant, K1 have been calculated to be 18.67 mg/g, 50 mg/g, 0.006 min-1, 1.89 * 10-6 cm2/s and 1.7 mg/g min0.5 respectively for ultrasound assisted leather dyeing as compared to that of 0.1 mg/g, 26.67 mg/g, 0.733 min-1, 0.19 * 10-6 cm2/s and 0.003 mg/g min0.5 respectively for control process. The results indicate that significant enhancement in adsorption capacity with more favorable dye adsorption as well as about 10- fold increase in Apparent Diffusion coefficient with significant reduction in boundary layer effect, improved kinetic parameters due to the use of ultrasound in leather dyeing as compared to control. Mechanisms for enhancement in Adsorption and Kinetic Parameters in leather dyeing due to the use of ultrasound have been presented and corroborate well with better dye penetration, color value and fastness properties. Therefore, the present study demonstrates that the use of ultrasound in leather dyeing helps both in adsorption of dyes as well as diffusion process through the leather matrix.
Fungus-Resistant Fatliquor from Blended Natural Oils- A Sustainable Lubricating Product
Authors: Sahu Bindia , Selvi A. Tamil , Aravindhan R.
Published: September 2021

Fatliquoring is an important step in making leather. It endows strength and softness to leather by lubricating its fibers. A certain amount of fungicide is also offered during the post tanning operation, to protect the leather from future fungus infection. The aim of this work is to develop a novel fatliquor, which has both lubricating and antifungal activity. Sulfated blended fatliquors were developed by blending 80:20 proportions of castor and rice bran oil respectively and then followed by reaction with Sulphuric acid at 28±2oC. The novel fatliquor was then characterized for particle size which was similar to a control (sulfated castor and sulfated rice bran oil) fatliquor. Antifungal performance of the novel fatliquor was confirmed by agar well-diffusion process against selected fungus species such as Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus. The resultant leathers were evaluated for physical strength, such as tear strength, tensile strength and lastometer test and the results were found to be similar to control leather. Our study provides additional insights for using such novel fatliquors for both antifungal and lubrication properties.
PENGARUH PENDAPATAN PEMBIAYAAN MURABAHAH DAN FDR TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS BANK BNI SYARI’AH
Authors: Nabila Isdikah , Nurdiansyah Dian Hakip
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji serta menganalisis pengaruh antara Pendapatan Murabahah dan Financing to Deposit Ratio terhadap Return on Assets pada Bank BNI Syariah. Sumber data pada penelitian ini merupakan data sekunder berupa laporan keuangan yang diambil dari laman BNI Syariah secara triwulan pada tahun 2012-2019. Data tersebut diterbitkan pada laman www.bnisyariah.co.id. Data yang diperoleh sebanyak 32 pengamatan. Analisis akan dilakukan dengan menggunakan Analisis Regresi Linear Berganda dengan program SPSS.

Hasil dari riset ini menunjukkan bahwa Pendapatan Murabahah memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap Return on Assets, sedangkan Financing to Deposit Ratio tidak berpengaruh terhadap Return on Assets.
Sürdürülebilir Yeşil Kampüs için Analitik Ağ Prosesi Yöntemi ile Yatırım Alternatiflerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: YAPICI Selma , ORAL Nursena , YUMUŞAK Rabia , EREN Tamer
Published: September 2021

Türkiye’de küresel ısınma, iklim değişikliği gibi nedenlerden dolayı ciddi sorunlar yaşanmaktadır. Şehirlerin iklim değişikliğinin olumsuz etkileriyle mücadele edilmesinde kendine özel ihtiyaçları olmasına ve tüm amaçlara hizmet edecek tek bir politika bulunmamasına rağmen, alınacak tedbirlerin mevcut şartlar altında optimal olması analitik yöntemlerle mümkündür. Bu yüzden küresel ağlar yoluyla bilgi edinmek ve uygulamaları deneyimlemek adına çeşitli fırsatları kısıtlı kaynaklar için optimal bir şekilde değerlendirmek gerekmektedir. Yapılan çalışmada mevcut fırsatlar değerlendirilerek, şehirleşmenin beraberinde getirdiği küresel iklim değişikliğinin çevreye verdiği olumsuz etkiler incelenmiştir ve alternatif çözüm arayışına girilerek kritik karar problemlerine analitik bir yöntemle model önerisinde bulunulmuştur. Önerilen çözüm modelinde, yeşil çatı, dikey bahçe, sürdürülebilir eğitim, elektrikli taşıtlar ve güneş panellerinin tamamını barındıran sürdürülebilir yeşil kampüs projesini hayata geçirerek toplumun çevreye olumsuz etkilerini azaltmak için Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Merkez Kampüsü’nde bu nitelikteki bir projenin yatırım alternatifleri değerlendirilmiştir. Projelerin hayata geçirilmesi için çeşitli kriterlere bağlı önceliklendirmeler Analitik Ağ Prosesi (ANP) yöntemi ile yapılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmada Kırıkkale Üniversitesi kampüsünün, sürdürülebilir yeşil kampüse geçiş sürecinde hayata geçirilmesi öngörülen ilk proje Dikey Bahçe Projesi olarak belirlenerek gelecekte yapılacak yeşil kampüs projelerine öncü olması hedeflenmiştir.
Van Tarihi Peynirciler Çarşısının Turizm Sektörü ve Turizm Girişimciliği Açısından Değerlendirilmesi: Restorasyon ve Covid-19 Süreci
Authors: CİHANGİR Emine , DEMİRHAN Özlem
Published: September 2021

Tarihi Peynirciler Çarşısı girişimcileri 2018-2021 yılları arasında önemli iki sürece tanıklık etmişlerdir. Birincisi 2018 yılında gerçekleştirilen restorasyon ve ikincisi ise tüm dünyayı ve ülkemizi etkileyen ve etkileri halen devam eden Covid-19 Pandemi sürecidir. Çalışmada Van Tarihi Peynirciler Çarşısı’nın hem turistik bir mekan hem de girişimcilik boyutu tartışılarak kent turizmi için yarattığı değer ve Çarşı girişimcilerinin ne şekilde konumlandırıldıkları araştırılmıştır. Araştırma nitel araştırma paradigmasında durum çalışması olarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın ilk aşamasında amaçsal örneklem ve kartopu örneklem yöntemi ile belirlenen Çarşı girişimcileri ile yüz yüze görüşmeler yapılmıştır. İkinci aşama girişimciler, yerel rehberler, acentalar ile telefon görüşmeleri yapılarak yürütülmüştür. Görüşmeler 28 girişimci, 7 rehber ve 4 acenta ile tamamlanmıştır. Kentin yakın geçmişine hâkim kişi ve kurum yetkililerinin uzman görüşleri alınmıştır. Katılımcılar, restorasyonun hem ticari olarak hem de turizm sektörü açısından olumlu ve olumsuz sonuçları olduğunu belirtilmişlerdir. Covid-19 sürecinde pazarda oluşan daralmaya karşı e-pazarlama çalışmaları artmıştır.
Duygusal Emeğin İş Tatmini Üzerindeki Etkisi: İzmir Balçova ve Narlıdere Belediyeleri Örneği
Authors: KOCAKULA Özge
Published: September 2021

Duygusal emeğin iş tatmini üzerindeki etkisinin ölçülmesi, üretilen hizmetin kalite ve etkinliğinin değerlendirilebilmesi açısından oldukça önemlidir. Çalışma ile bu etkinin kamu çalışanları açısından değerlendirilmesi yapılmaktadır. Bu araştırmada İzmir İli Balçova ve Narlıdere İlçelerinde görev yapan belediye çalışanları örnekleminde duygusal emeğin iş tatmini üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın evreni İzmir Balçova ve Narlıdere İlçe Belediye Başkanlıklarında istihdam edilen tüm kamu çalışanlarıdır. Örneklem ise burada görev yapan, kolayda örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilmiş 232 kamu çalışanıdır. Araştırmada betimsel tarama modeline başvurulmuştur. Bu kapsamda araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak anket yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Anket, demografik özelliklerin tespitine yönelik 8 soru, duygusal emek ölçeği ile ilgili 14 soru ve iş tatmini ölçeği ile ilgili 20 soru olmak üzere toplam 42 adet sorudan oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada belediye çalışanlarının demografik ve iş süreci ile ilgili durumlarının dağılımları yüzde ve frekans değerleri ile ele alınmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin ampirik analizlerinde korelasyon, çoklu regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analiz neticesinde duygusal emek boyutlarından doğal ve derinlemesine davranış ile iş tatmini arasında pozitif; buna karşın iş tatmini ile yüzeysel davranış arasında negatif bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir.
İzmir’in Kapıları: Kent Mültecilerinin Göç Hikayeleri ve Yaşam Koşulları
Authors: KARAKAYA AYALP Emel , YANGIN KİREMİT Esen
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışmada, İzmir’in Kapılar semtinde ikamet etmekte olan Suriyeli kent mültecileriyle yapılan görüşmelere ve bu görüşmelerde aktarılan göç hikâyelerine dayanarak; mevcut yerleşim alanındaki sosyal ve ekonomik koşulların ortaya koyulması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçlar doğrultusunda seçilen çalışma alanındaki 10 mahallede ikamet etmekte olan; farklı etnik köken, yaş ve gelir gruplarından, toplam 60 Suriyeli kent mültecisi ile derinlemesine görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Görüşmelerde katılımcıların göç süreçleri, göç yolları, varış noktalarındaki ekonomik faaliyetleri, geçim kaynakları, kentle ve sosyal çevreyle kurudukları ilişkiler araştırılmıştır. İlgili yazında da İzmir’in bir geçiş kenti niteliği taşıdığı aktarılmaktadır. Ancak, araştırma sonuçlarından elde edilen bilgiler, bir geçiş kenti olmanın yanı sıra İzmir’in hedef kent olarak da seçildiğini ve yerleşmek üzere tercih edildiğini göstermektedir. Öte yandan, göç sürecinin iki uçlu bir hatta seyretmediği, bunun aksine devam eden, aktif bir süreçten bahsetmenin mümkün olduğu ifade edilebilir. Yaşam koşulları analizi göstermektedir ki, “geçici koruma” kapsamında iş piyasasına erişimde yaşanan sorunlar, barınma dâhil kentsel hizmetlere erişimde yaşanan sorunlar ve toplumsal dışlanma gibi etmenler birlikte yaşam pratiğinin kurulmasında önemli engeller üretmektedir.
desenvolvimentismo no Brasil
Authors: Silva Gabriel de Souza Oliveira e , Moura Sírlei de Sá
Published: September 2021

O presente texto visa tratar das atuais demandas do nacional desenvolvimentismo brasileiro, ou o que resta dele, conforme se observa nas análises mais recentes. Inicialmente tentou-se fazer uma digressão histórica para que a discussão fosse situada no tempo para então ser realizada uma espécie de diagnóstico com as ferramentas postas, embasado nos modelos interpretativos dispostos, o método histórico-dedutivo de Celso Furtado e João Antônio de Paula. A formação do capitalismo brasileiro e o seu desenvolvimento atrelado serão analisados e tratados para tentar se entender alguns detalhes o que muitas vezes passam despercebidos. O neoliberalismo também está relacionado à análise; autores como Sen são importantes para entendermos tal colocação. E a recorrência a autores consagrados como Celso Furtado tenta esboçar um caminho no horizonte.