bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Ecological Model of Inter-institutional Sustainability of an After-school Program: The La Red Mágica Community-University Partnership in Delaware
Authors: Matusov Eugene , Smith Mark Philip
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the paper is to introduce a recursive model of ecological discursive sustainability, as it applies to and emerges from the history of an after-school program partnership between the School of Education at the University of Delaware, USA and the Latin American Community Center in Wilmington, Delaware, USA. This model is characterized by the development of shared ownership and collaboration between the institutional partners, the co-evolution and crossfertilization of the partners’ practices and the negotiation of institutional boundaries and structures. This model was developed by analyzing dialogic discourses across six diverse ecological domains of the partnership.
Developing Teaching in the "University Classroom": The Teacher as Researcher when Initiating and Researching Innovations
Authors: Postholm May Britt
Published: February 2022

The teacher’s role in the university classroom has traditionally been to present the syllabus to listening students. In Norway new rules have been introduced for the activity in this classroom. The overarching goal for the teaching is to organize a learning situation that makes the students active learners. The article deals with the teacher as a researcher, and focuses on how innovative actions can be implemented by the teacher and studied from a researcher point of view. The text presents cultural historical activity theory (CHAT) as both the theoretical framework for the organized actions in the classroom and as an approach for studying the classroom processes. The article gives an overview over a material that can be gathered in a classroom characterized by student activity. It ends by reflections on how development in one classroom can be transferred to other classrooms.
Layers of Dissent: The Meaning of Time Appropriation
Authors: Paulsen Roland
Published: February 2022

Within Critical Management Theory as well as Critical Theory the possibility of individuals resisting taken for granted power asymmetries remains a highly debated subject. Intensified corporate culture programs seem to imply that within the sphere of labor, worker dissent is loosing ground. Based on a large interview material of critical cases, this notion is challenged. The interviewees mainly represent white-collar employees who spend more than half of their working hours on private activities. Studying the objectives and political ambitions behind their extensive recalcitrance reveals a range of intentional structures that result in the same activity: time appropriation. First, time appropriation may be the effect of framed dissent; a dissent intertwined with politically framed indignation. Second, the recalcitrance may spring from direct dissent in which personal indignation is the driving force whereas political formulations are not as prominent. Third, the activity of not doing your work while at work can be the effect of withdrawal in which case there is no motive other than avoiding work. Fourth, time appropriation may also be a (sometimes involuntary) consequence of adjustment: This occurs when the employee does not receive enough work assignments to fill the working day. I conclude by suggesting that the processes and leaps between these layers of dissent should be further studied.
The Activity of “Writing for Learning” in a Nursing Program.
Authors: Wittek Line
Published: February 2022

This article explores the activity of writing in higher education as a mediational means for student meaning making. From a dialogic perspective, writing is not about learning and applying formulas and making fixed kinds of texts, but about ways of working and ways of acting that brings writers, readers, resources and contexts into trajectories. The argument is that processes of writing enhance student meaning making and that these processes are formed by complex interaction. Contextual interpretation and use of mediational means is constituted in social systems of activities that depend on and promote particular kinds of texts. We need insights in contextual trajectories to understand the relationship between writing and student meaning making. Empirically, I draw on a study investigating portfolio writing as a pedagogical tool in a nursing program in Norway. The rationale of the study was an identified need for information about how processes of writing develop, how texts come into being and how institutional tasks of writing are being unpacked. The aim of the paper is to explore a dialogical approach to the activity of writing and to discuss possible methodological implications from the theoretical framework. The empirical study is used as an illustration
Cultural-historical basis of literacy practices in TshiVenda-speaking South Africa’s primary classrooms
Authors: Muthivhi Azwihangwisi Edward
Published: February 2022

The study examines literacy practices within TshiVenda-speaking Grade One classroom in rural South African primary schooling to uncover the evolving cultural-historical processes of classroom teaching and learning that regulate children’s learning and development, including reading acquisition.An experienced TshiVenda Grade One teacher was observed and subsequently interviewed on her approach to teaching reading.The analysis reveals complex multi-layered instructional practices which the teacher embodies and enacts in the ‘here and now’ of her schooling and literacy instruction; oscillating between two contradictory, historically-embedded approaches to literacy instruction.
Intervention Research in a Public Elementary School: A Critical-Collaborative Teacher Education Project on Reading and Writing
Authors: Magalhães Maria Cecília Camargo
Published: February 2022

This Teacher Education Project is an intervention research aimed at creating new school roles for educating students as readers and writers as well as citizens. The methodological framework was based on Vygotsky’s discussions of method as praxis (Vygotsky, 1921-23/1997, 1930/1999, 1931/1997, 1926- 30/1996), as well as on both the Marxist practical–materialistic–revolutionary activity and Engeström’s (2008, 2009) extensions of Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT). The work at school was motivated by students’ limited awareness of reading and writing. The goal was to involve the school as a community in understanding and transforming the ways in which reading and writing were addressed in classrooms. The methodology used for organizing and carrying out the project was devised so as to allow for three activity systems that partially interact with their objects – that is, reading and writing as tools for teaching-learning in different areas in order to constitute students as citizens. However, for this paper, we will focus solely on the Teacher Education Activity System, which we termed Teacher Support Team. Three episodes are discussed in this paper: Two video sessions with the Teacher Support Team, the first of which took place in 2010, and the second in 2011; and a classroom reading class session that was videotaped in 2011 as part of the Teacher Support Team work. The theoretical and practical work developed was targeted at creating a mutual Zone of Proximal Development that supported teachers, coordinators, and the principal, through the appropriation of reading and writing as processes. The results show that the organization of the project as interrelated activity systems enhanced the entire school’s prospects of appropriating the reading and writing teaching-learning processes, by focusing on the same object, in the diverse systems that framed the project.
A Change Laboratory professional development intervention to motivate university teachers to identify and overcome barriers to the integration of ICT
Authors: Castro Willy
Published: February 2022

Change is one of the central aims of professional development for information and communication technologies integration in education. Studies on the use of ICT in education highlights the large investments in infrastructure and professional development, and the limited results in students learning. Teachers’ professional development for ICT integration in education (TPD-ICT)  has evolved from the development of technical skills to pedagogical skills and content-related knowledge. The gold standard and design-based approaches have dominated TDP-ICT. This study presents the Change Laboratory (CL) method as a formative intervention to motivate teachers to identify and overcome the barriers to ICT integration. The results showed that a professional development intervention based on CL stimulates transformative agency in the participants. Six forms of transformative agency, namely resisting, criticizing, explicating, envisioning, committing to actions, and taking actions, were found during the CL. The transformative agency was essential to motivate teachers to identify and propose a model solution to overcome both first-order and second-order contextual barriers.
School Involvement: Refugee Parents’ Narrated Contribution to their Children’s Education while Resettled in Norway
Authors: Bergset Kari
Published: February 2022

In the majority of research, resettled immigrant and refugee parents are often considered to be less involved with their children’s schooling than majority parents. This study challenges such research positions, based on narrative interviews about parenting in exile conducted with refugee parents resettled in Norway. Cultural psychology and positioning theory have inspired the analyses. The choice of methodology and conceptualisations have brought forth a rich vein of material, which illuminated agency and active positions in the parents’ narratives about involvement with their children’s education. Involvement narratives of success achieved by parents taking action are presented as well as narratives of thwarted agency. Parents’ narrated action includes also involvement outside officialdom, such as informal contact with teachers. It is assumed that the latter involvement forms have become invisible in the majority of earlier research on refugee parents’ school involvement due to methodological choices, and may have contributed to deficit positioning of refugee parents as passive in school involvement. This article’s agency narratives form a sharp contrast to such deficit positioning.
A Change Laboratory Professional Development Intervention to Motivate University Teachers to Identify and Overcome Barriers to the Integration of ICT
Authors: Castro Guzmán Willy
Published: February 2022

Change is one of the central aims of professional development for information and communication technologies integration in education. Studies on the use of ICT in education highlights the large investments in infrastructure and professional development, and the limited results in students learning. Teachers’ professional development for ICT integration in education (TPD-ICT) has evolved from the development of technical skills to pedagogical skills and content-related knowledge. The gold standard and design-based approaches have dominated TDP-ICT. This study presents the Change Laboratory (CL) method as a formative intervention to motivate teachers to identify and overcome the barriers to ICT integration. The results showed that a professional development intervention based on CL stimulates transformative agency in the participants. Six forms of transformative agency, namely resisting, criticizing, explicating, envisioning, committing to actions, and taking actions, were found during the CL. The transformative agency was essential to motivate teachers to identify and propose a model solution to overcome both first-order and second-order contextual barriers.
Heeding Grammar and Language-games: Continuing Conversations with Wittgenstein and Roth
Authors: Gardner Sam , Alsop Steve
Published: February 2022

This paper continues a conversation about Wittgenstein’s picture of language and meaning and its potential applications for educational theorising. It takes the form of a response to Wolff-Michael Roth’s earlier paper “Heeding Wittgenstein on “understanding” and “meaning”: A pragmatist and concrete human psychological approach in/for education,” in which Roth problematizes the use of the terms “understanding” and “meaning” in education discourse and proposes their abandonment. Whilst we agree with Roth about a series of central points, at the same time we maintain that he has taken his argument in directions antithetical to our reading of Wittgenstein’s work. We offer four points of departure, exploring themes of: (i) appropriate questioning; (ii) eliminativism; (iii) language-games and grammar; and (iv) productivity, explanation, and a science of learning. We conclude by discussing ways consistent with Wittgenstein’s thought to go on in thinking about education.
Transformative Anti-Ableist Pedagogy for Social Justice
Authors: Podlucká Dušana
Published: February 2022

Higher education institutions are legally bound to provide equal educational opportunities for diverse learners, traditionally materialized as individualized accommodations. This paper contends that despite the growing interest and scholarship in implementing more inclusive pedagogy enabling access to education for all students (e.g. Universal Design for Learning), those efforts still fall short of systematically addressing intersecting, oppressive, and anti-ableist practices in the classrooms. I argue, that in order to develop a truly inclusive, equitable, socially just and transformative pedagogy and teaching practices, we need a theory that posits disability in the context of learning and development, the theory that integrates disability into human development in a manner that overcomes dichotomized and reductionist perspectives of disability and individualistic notions of learning. Drawing on my research on teaching and institutional practices for a student diagnosed with autism, analyzed through the lens of Critical Disability Studies in conjunction with Vygotsky’s theory of defectology and recent advances in cultural-historical activity theory, especially the Transformative Activist Stance (Stetsenko, 2016), this paper offers steps toward integrating these approaches into a transformative pedagogy framework for inclusive, equitable, and anti-ableist pedagogy for all learners.
Transmethodology:
Authors: Kousholt Dorte , Khawaja Iram
Published: February 2022

The special issue deals with entanglements, borders, and bridges between ideas, concepts, and spheres often considered separate and distinct elements in research processes that are frequently represented as well-ordered and linear. Under the heading transmethodology, our aim has been to make space for and bring to light the often messy, non-linear, and complex research processes that form our methodologies.
From the abstract to the concrete and beyond:
Authors: Vetoshkina Liubov , Paavola Sami
Published: February 2022

Methodological procedures are frequently described using ideal-typical sequences and relatively linear phases, often covering the whole research process. We aim to uncover the long-term process of construction of a conceptual framework of a study as constituted by cycles using the method of ascending from the abstract to the concrete (AAC) as a starting point. Empirical research often requires the introduction of intermediate concepts between general theory and data. In this paper we follow how a specific intermediate concept – the intermediary object – was constructed and interpreted in two research cases: 1. the use of building information modelling (BIM) in collaboration between designers, architects and engineers in construction projects; 2. the craft of historical wooden boat building in Russia and Finland. Using ‘manuscript archaeology’ we follow the construction of a conceptual framework by analysing the development of the key texts and documents in these cases. In both cases the process contained multiple ‘episodes’– relatively independent and complete parts of research process, constructed around specific tangible products (like a conference paper or a draft of an article), but forming a sequence when taken together. Each episode contained own cycle of movement from the abstract to the concrete, and the whole research process constituted a relatively autonomous but interconnected network of methodological cycles, where concepts emerged based on conceptualizations from previous episodes. This shows how transmethodological processes of constructing a conceptual framework for a specific study through multiple methodological cycles often develop across a long period, with both vertical movements between theory and data, and horizontal movements between theoretical conceptualizations.
Knowledge as a Tool for Identity Development and Social Transformation
Authors: Muthivhi Azwihangwisi Edward
Published: February 2022

Inspired by recent advances in research on transformative agency development, and applying relevant conceptual and analytical tools, the paper explores a teacher’s enactment of transformative pedagogy unfolding in the first decade of South Africa’s post-apartheid political transformation. The paper explores the teacher’s struggles for social transformation and self-realization, waged through classroom teaching and learning, blended with culturally situated knowledge practices. That is, the teacher creatively brings together two initially contradictory knowledge practices of schooling vis-à-vis non-school knowledge practices. In this, the teacher challenges assumptions of immanent discontinuities between formal school knowledge on the one hand, and the non-school, culturally situated knowledge traditions and community practices on the other hand. The teacher therefore purposefully connects school knowledge—meaningfully, with culturally situated knowledge practices. Consequently, the teacher enables learners to reflect on personal experiences and culturally situated practices while simultaneously subjecting concepts and ideas to reflection, from the standpoint of learners’ culturally situated knowledge—including community practices.
Laser-plasma jet driven sub-millimeter diameter aluminum flyer and its gesture diagnosis
Authors: Shui Min , Xi Tao , Yan Yong-Hong , Yu Ming-Hai , Chu Gen-Bai , Zhu Bin , He Wei-Hua , Zhao Yong-Qiang , Wang Shao-Yi , Fan Wei , Lu Feng , Yang Lei , Xin Jian-Ting , Zhou Wei-Min ,   Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
Published: February 2022

Laser-driven flyer has been studied for decades as it promises to possess many applications such as in measuring the equation of state (EOS) under ultrahigh pressure, investigating the material dynamic properties under high strain rate, simulating the high-speed impact for aircraft protection, and igniting explosives. However, the planarity and integrity of flyers are determined by indirect velocity lnterferometer system for any reflector (VISAR) or witness slab results due to its high speed and small dimension. For further and wide applications, it is very important to obtain direct experimental proof of the flyer gesture and configuration. Thus, the acceleration and gesture investigation of aluminum flyer driven by laser plasma are studied on Xingguang-III laser facility. The X-ray radiography is achieved by a picosecond laser irradiating the copper wire target. The shadowgraph of flyer and plasma are realized by the incidence of a bunch of infrared laser through the flyer flight path. In additon, photon Doppler velocimetry is employed to measure the flyer velocity simultaneously. The radiography, shadowgraph and velocity of typical small aluminum flyer are obtained. By optimizing the thickness of both CH ablation layer and vacuum gap, the flyer is slowly accelerated via consecutive stress wave produced by plasma colliding. The aluminum flyer has a thickness of 20 μm and diameter of about 500 μm. The whole flyer remains the integrated shape after a great angle of rotation due to uneven plasma loading. The flight distance is about 400 μm, giving an average velocity of 2.2 km/s. The planarity of the flyer is good except a little bend on the two sides due to side rarefaction of plasma. The study verifies that the laser plasma collision can generate a sub-millimeter-diameter metal flyer with integrated shape and a velocity of several kilo-meters per second, showing that it possesses the promising applications in measuring the EOS and igniting explosive .
The amplitude of Motzkin paths
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, University of Stellenbosch, Prodinger Helmut
Published: February 2022

The amplitude of Motzkin paths was recently introduced, which is basically twice the height. We analyze this parameter using generating functions.
Design as Democratic Inquiry
Authors: DiSalvo Carl
Published: February 2022

Through practices of collaborative imagination and making, or "doing design otherwise,” design experiments can contribute to keeping local democracies vibrant.

In this counterpoint to the grand narratives of design punditry, Carl DiSalvo presents what he calls “doing design otherwise.” Arguing that democracy requires constant renewal and care, he shows how designers can supply novel contributions to local democracy by drawing together theory and practice, making and reflection. The relentless pursuit of innovation, uncritical embrace of the new and novel, and treatment of all things as design problems, says DiSalvo, can lead to cultural imperialism. In Design as Democratic Inquiry, he recounts a series of projects that exemplify engaged design in practice. These experiments in practice-based research are grounded in collaborations with communities and institutions.

The projects DiSalvo describes took place from 2014 to 2019 in Atlanta. Rather than presume that government, industry—or academia—should determine the outcome, the designers began with the recognition that the residents and local organizations were already creative and resourceful. DiSalvo uses the projects to show how design might work as a mode of inquiry. Resisting heroic stories of design and innovation, he argues for embracing design as fragile, contingent, partial, and compromised. In particular, he explores how design might be leveraged to facilitate a more diverse civic imagination. A fundamental tenet of design is that the world is made, and therefore it could be made differently. A key concept is that democracy requires constant renewal and care. Thus, designing becomes a way to care, together, for our collective future.
Fishing for drugs
Authors: Kemet Chinyere , Hill Emily , Feng Hui
Published: February 2022

Screening for drugs that disrupt embryonic development in zebrafish can help identify treatments that suppress metastasis.
Mooring service cruise 2021
Authors: Renner Angelika , Sundfjord Arild
Published: February 2022

The main objective of the joint Nansen Legacy and A-TWAIN/SIOS-InfraNor mooring service cruise was the recovery and deployment of the projects’ moorings in the Barents Sea and north of Svalbard. Additionally, CTD stations with water sampling for both projects, a Seaglider deployment for Nansen Legacy, and mooring recoveries and deployments for partner projects were planned depending on sea ice conditions and time available.
Description of a new and widely distributed species of Bathypathes (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia: Schizopathidae) previously misidentified as Bathypathes alternata Brook, 1889
Authors: Molodtsova Tina N. , Opresko Dennis M. , Wagner Daniel
Published: February 2022

For many years an undescribed species of the genus Bathypathes has been misidentified as Bathypathes alternata Brook, 1889 (a species currently re-assigned to the genus Alternatipathes). This new species is rather common at mid- and lower bathyal depths of the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans, often in areas with high concentrations of commercially valuable cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts, where it was observed in underwater photo and video transects to occur in high densities. Under the name B. alternata this species is recorded in several inventories and databases. There is an urgent need for a formal description of this misidentified and widely distributed species to avoid further confusion. The new species is superficially similar to A. alternata in having a monopodial corallum and simple, bilateral and alternately arranged pinnules. However, it differs from the former in that it has an upright corallum with a straight pinnulated part (vs. a horizontally bent pinnulated part), pinnules of uniform length and density (vs. decreasing regularly distally), and a constant distal angle formed by the pinnules and the stem along different parts of the corallum (vs. a decreasing distal angle near the top). The new species can therefore be easily distinguished from A. alternata in underwater imagery. We formally describe this new species in the genus Bathypathes and assign it the new name B. pseudoalternata. An extensive synonymy list with previous misidentified records is provided. To evaluate the distributional patterns of the new species we review the geographic distribution of antipatharians reported below 800 m. The majority of the hitherto described lower bathyal and abyssal species have been recorded from one biogeographic province; however, 20 species are known from more than two provinces, and only three species are widely distributed (>5 provinces), including the newly described Bathypathes pseudoalternata. Members of the family Schizopathidae, to which the new species belongs, represent the majority of the lower bathyal (50.54%) and abyssal (82.35%) species.
Genome-wide identification and functional characterization of CDPK gene family reveal their involvement in response to drought stress in Gossypium barbadense
Authors: Shi Guangzhen , Zhu Xinxia
Published: February 2022

Background

Calcium dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are a class of important calcium signal sensing response proteins, which play an important regulatory role in response to abiotic stress. However, researchers have not been excavated CDPKs’ role in drought in sea-island cotton(Gossypium barbadense L. ‘H7124’).

Results

Eighty-four CDPK genes have been identified in G. barbadense. These GbCDPK genes are unevenly distributed on 26 chromosomes, and segmental duplication is the significant way for the extension of CDPK family. Also, members within the same subfamily share a similar gene structure and motif composition. There are a large number of cis-elements involved in plant growth and response to stresses in the promoter regions of GbCDPKs. Additionally, these GbCDPKs show differential expression patterns in cotton tissues. The transcription levels of most genes were markedly altered in cotton under heat, cold, salt and PEG treatments, while the expressions of some GbCDPKs were induced in cotton under drought stress. Among these drought-induced genes, we selected GbCDPK32, GbCDPK68, GbCDPK74, GbCDPK80 and GbCDPK83 for further functional characterization by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) method.

Conclusions

In conclusion, the principal findings of this prospective study are that CDPKs were associated with drought. These findings provide a solid foundation for the development of future molecular mechanism in sea-island cotton.
Detection of microplastics in Litopenaeus vannamei (Penaeidae) and Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Palaemonidae) in cultured pond
Authors: Reunura Thanya , Prommi Taeng On
Published: February 2022

Background

The presence of plastic particles in freshwater species is becoming a global concern owing to the potential impact on food security and human health. In this study, we investigated the presence microplastics (MPs) in two economically important freshwater species: the giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) and the white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) cultured in a polyculture pond in the central part of Thailand.

Methods

The gastrointestinal tract (GT) of 300 giant freshwater prawn (160 female and 140 male) and 150 white leg shrimp specimens were investigated for the presence of MPs.

Results

From the pooled samples, a total of 1,166 MP items were identified. Specifically, the GTs of female and male freshwater prawns and white leg shrimps contained an average of 33.31 ± 19.42, 33.43 ± 19.07, and 11.00 ± 4.60 MP items per individual, respectively. Further, their mean MP contents per g of gut material were 32.66 ± 5.10, 32.14 ± 4.85, and 10.28 ± 1.19 MP items, respectively. In the GT of these species, MPs with sizes in the range 500–1000 µm, were predominant, and white/transparent MPs were most prevalent (63.67%). Furthermore, regarding the morphotypes of the MPs, fibers, fragments, films, and spheres were frequently observed, with fibers shows predominance. Specifically, the proportions of fibers in the GTs of female Macrobrachium rosenbergii, male Macrobrachium rosenbergii, and Litopenaeus vannamei were 83.3, 79.91, and 46.06%, respectively. Four MP polymer types, polyethylene, polycaprolactone, polyvinyl alcohol, and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, were also identified via FTIR spectroscopy, which further confirmed the presence of MPs in the GT of the freshwater-cultured species.

Discussion

Our findings indicated that consuming shrimps and prawns without first removing the MPs from their GTs is one of the mean by which humans get exposed to MPs. Thus, MPs in freshwater species can be passed down the food chain to humans.
Characterization of the bark storage protein gene (JcBSP) family in the perennial woody plant Jatropha curcas and the function of JcBSP1 in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Zhang Ming-Jun , Fu Qiantang , Chen Mao-Sheng , He Huiying , Tang Mingyong , Ni Jun , Tao Yan-Bin , Xu Zeng-Fu
Published: February 2022

Background

Bark storage protein (BSP) plays an important role in seasonal nitrogen cycling in perennial deciduous trees. However, there is no report on the function of BSP in the perennial woody oil plant Jatropha curcas.

Methods

In this study, we identified six members of JcBSP gene family in J. curcas genome. The patterns, seasonal changes, and responses to nitrogen treatment in gene expression of JcBSPs were detected by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Overexpression of JcBSP1 in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana was driven by a constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S RNA promoter.

Results

JcBSP members were found to be expressed in various tissues, except seeds. The seasonal changes in the total protein concentration and JcBSP1 expression in the stems of J. curcas were positively correlated, as both increased in autumn and winter and decreased in spring and summer. In addition, the JcBSP1 expression in J. curcas seedlings treated with different concentrations of an NH4NO3 solution was positively correlated with the NH4NO3 concentration and application duration. Furthermore, JcBSP1 overexpression in Arabidopsis resulted in a phenotype of enlarged rosette leaves, flowers, and seeds, and significantly increased the seed weight and yield in transgenic plants.
The Paradigm Shift from School Inspection to School Quality Assurance: Perceptions of the In-service Trained Teachers on the Achievements Made
Authors: Shahanga Geofrey , Ogondiek Mary , Mmbaga Flavian
Published: February 2022

Improving the quality of education is a Tanzania strategy towards preparation of innovative, creative, competent and competitive workforce required for economic transformation from low agricultural productivity to middle income and semi-industrial country by 2025. Therefore, the paradigm shifts from school inspection to school quality assurance in basic, secondary and teacher education in 2017 was an imperative intervention towards the national development vision. This study therefore, sought to evaluate the perceptions of the in-service trained teachers on the achievement of the paradigm shift from school inspection to school quality assurance in Tanzania education as empirical feedback for the government commitments and investments. Through convergent parallel mixed-methods design, data were collected through semi-structured questionnaires from 76 in-service teachers trained in School Quality Assurance, followed by interviews conducted with in-service teachers trained in Education Leadership, Management and Administration both at Diploma level, between 2019 and 2021 years. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the respondents’ categories basing on their professional training in relation to education practices. The descriptive statistics and content analysis techniques were used to analyze, present, and discuss quantitative and qualitative data respectively. The study found that, the in-service trained teachers perceive the paradigm shift's significant achievement is institutionalizing a collaborative, transparent, holistic and friendly mechanism compared to its predecessor school inspection. However, such achievement has not impacted positively on the quality of education provided as expected due to inadequacy of resources to meet quality standards as recommended by school quality assurance officers, limited quality assurance competencies among teachers, little attention given to teachers’ welfare services and lack of legal power to school quality assurance directorate to enforce their recommendation in schools. Therefore, the study recommended improving resources to meet school quality standards, developing quality assurance competencies among teachers before they graduate, exceptional attention to teachers’ welfare services, and constitutionalizing the school quality assurance directorate into an autonomous entity reporting directly to the parliament. Further study can be conducted on evaluating models for developing quality assurance competencies among pre-service teachers in colleges.
Tooth Loss Patterns in Patients with Periodontitis and Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Cibikkarthik T. , Jeevitha M. , Jayaraman Selvaraj
Published: February 2022

Aim: Periodontitis is an inflammatory, multifactorial disease which results in destruction of supporting tissue and bone thereby resulting in loosening of the tooth. Tooth loss is one of the major oral issues faced by elderly patients. Thus the present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of tooth loss among periodontitis patients.

Methodology: Data collection was conducted from June 2020 to March 2021 among 200 periodontitis patients with diabetes mellitus based on the record management system software to analyse the most frequent missing tooth at the time of first visit. Frequency of maxillary anterior, maxillary posterior, mandibular anterior and mandibular posterior tooth loss was assessed in the study.

Results: Among the frequency distribution the mandibular posterior tooth loss was the most common among periodontitis with diabetes patients. In case of anterior tooth loss the results were almost similar with 16% of maxillary anterior tooth loss and 17% in case of mandibular anterior tooth loss. Male subjects presented with more missing teeth in mandibular posterior tooth region when compared to females but not statistically significant (p>0.05).

Conclusion: The present study results showed that there is no significant association between sex and maxillary anterior, mandibular anterior, maxillary posterior and mandibular posterior tooth loss (p>0.05). The present study showed that mandibular posterior tooth loss was most frequent among periodontitis with diabetes mellitus patients.
Awareness of Stem Cells and its Application among General Public in Chennai
Authors: Jain Aditya , Jeevitha M. , Preetha S.
Published: February 2022

Aim: To assess the awareness about stem cells and its application among the general public in Chennai.

Introduction: Stem cells are very unique cells and have been isolated from the dental pulp, exfoliated deciduous teeth, the periodontal ligament, the dental follicle and the dental papilla. Adult stem cells can differentiate into many dental components such as dentin, periodontal ligament, cement and dental pulp tissue but not into enamel.

Methodology: A cross sectional questionnaire based study was carried out among the general public in Chennai. This study included 110 participants.

Results:  Male participants between the age group of 21-40 years were more aware about stem cells and its sources and its various applications.

Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated a satisfactory level of awareness among the general public regarding stem cells.
Comparison of the Efficacy of Transconjunctival Incision with Lateral Canthotomy and Intraoral Vestibular Incision for Management of Infra-orbital Rim Fracture
Authors: Pawar Shreya , Bhola Nitin
Published: February 2022

Background: The treatment of an infraorbital rim fracture necessitates careful consideration. There several different techniques which are implicated with exposure of the infraorbital rim having its own sets of merits and demerits. Here, we intend to compare two incisions used for the management of fracture of the infraorbital rim.

Objectives: The focus of this study is to compare and analyze the efficacy of transconjunctival and intraoral incisions in terms of time taken for fracture exposure, adequacy of exposure and fixation, and post-operative complications such as soft tissue injury, chemosis, infraorbital nerve paresthesia, ectropion, scleral show, lagophthalmos, and wound dehiscence.

Methodology: Two groups with 10 patients requiring open reduction and internal fixation of infraorbital rim fracture in each group will be included in the study. The patients will be divided  randomly into Group A consisting of patients undergoing open reduction and internal fixation using transconjunctival incision or Group B consisting of patients undergoing open reduction and internal fixation using intraoral incision. The two approaches will be compared on the basis of time taken for exposure of fracture site, adequacy of exposure and fixation and post operative complications like soft tissue injury, chemosis, infraorbital nerve paresthesia, ectropion, sclera show, lagophthalmos and wound dehiscence.

Expected Results: The efficacy of intraoral incision would be better than transconjunctival incision as it would lead to lesser post operative ocular complications like chemosis, ectropion etc.
Survey at Earl's Bu, Orphir, Orkney 1989–91
Authors: Batey Colleen , Johnson Paul
Published: February 2022

The various campaigns of geophysical survey at Earl's Bu (NGR: HY 3346 0442) and its environs have added to the body of information known about the site, the early 12th-century seat of Earl Haakon Paulsson, with a round church, a large hall, a Late Norse midden and an earlier horizontal mill, confirming both considerable disturbance and potential structural traces. In some cases, the surveys have raised more questions than they have answered, particularly about some putative burnt mounds, or stone-dense midden spreads or similar anomalies. The geophysical survey has also indicated a number of features which may represent early excavation trenches. While it is often impossible to be definitive in the interpretation of geophysical anomalies, especially in Scottish contexts where geological conditions can be unhelpful in the application of archaeological geophysical survey, interpretation must be an informed process. The report concludes that more excavation of geophysical anomalies is required; the next logical stage is to excavate prior to the laying-out of the site for comprehension by the visiting public.
A 3D Hierarchical Host with Enhanced Sodiophilicity Enabling Anode‐Free Sodium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Lee Kyungbin , Lee Young Jun , Lee Michael J. , Han Junghun , Lim Jeonghoon , Ryu Kun , Yoon Hana , Kim Byung‐Hyun , Kim Bumjoon J. , Lee Seung Woo
Published: February 2022

Sodium‐metal batteries (SMBs) are considered as a compliment to lithium‐metal batteries for next‐generation high‐energy batteries because of their low cost and the abundance of sodium (Na). Herein, a 3D nanostructured porous carbon particle containing carbon‐shell‐coated Fe nanoparticles (PC‐CFe) is employed as a highly reversible Na‐metal host. PC‐CFe has a unique 3D hierarchy based on sub‐micrometer‐sized carbon particles, ordered open channels, and evenly distributed carbon‐coated Fe nanoparticles (CFe) on the surface. PC‐CFe achieves high reversibility of Na plating/stripping processes over 500 cycles with a Coulombic efficiency of 99.6% at 10 mA cm–2 with 10 mAh cm–2 in Na//Cu asymmetric cells, as well as over 14 400 cycles at 60 mA cm–2 in Na//Na symmetric cells. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the superior cycling performance of PC‐CFe stems from the stronger adsorption of Na on the surface of the CFe, providing initial nucleation sites more favorable to Na deposition. Moreover, the full cell with a PC‐CFe host without Na metal and a high‐loading Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode (10 mg cm–2) maintains a high capacity of 103 mAh g–1 at 1 mA cm–2 even after 100 cycles, demonstrating the operation of anode‐free SMBs.
Multi‐Functional MoO3 Doping of Carbon‐Nanotube Top Electrodes for Highly Transparent and Efficient Semi‐Transparent Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Seo Seungju , Akino Kosuke , Nam Jeong‐Seok , Shawky Ahmed , Lin Hao‐Sheng , Nagaya Hiroki , Kauppinen Esko I. , Xiang Rong , Matsuo Yutaka , Jeon Il , Maruyama Shigeo
Published: February 2022

MoO3 doping of carbon‐nanotube top electrodes in perovskite solar cells is multi‐functional and facilitates p‐doping, favorable energy‐level alignment, and enhanced hole transport. The optimal layer thickness of MoO3 (8 nm) is determined for decreasing the sheet resistance of carbon‐nanotube electrodes without damaging the perovskite film. The sheet resistance decreases by approximately one‐third from its original value, which is a substantially better result than that previously reported for acid doping of carbon‐nanotube top electrodes. MoO3 deposition lowers the Fermi level of the carbon‐nanotube electrode, improving its energy‐level alignment and hole‐transfer performance. When coated with 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis[N,N‐di(4‐methoxyphenyl)amino]‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (spiro‐MeOTAD), MoO3 crystallizes on the carbon nanotubes and further enhances hole collection. Semi‐transparent perovskite solar cells with MoO3‐doped carbon‐nanotube electrodes have a power conversion efficiency of 17.3% with a transmittance of approximately 60% (at a wavelength of 1000 nm). Because of their favorable transparency in the infrared region, these perovskite solar cells are evaluated for use in a tandem structure with silicon solar cells via computational simulations. The predicted device efficiency (23.7%) exceeds that of conventional indium‐tin‐oxide‐based tandem solar cells (23.0%).
Open‐Source CFD Elucidating Mechanism of 3D Pillar Electrode in Improving All‐Solid‐State Battery Performance
Authors: Li Weizhuo , Bao Zhiming , Du Qing , Xu Yifan , Jiao Kui
Published: February 2022

All‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) have become an important technology because of their high performance and low‐risk operation. However, the high interface resistance and low ionic conductivity of ASSBs hinder their application. In this study, a self‐developed electrochemical model based on an open‐source computational fluid dynamics platform is presented. The effect of contact area reduction at the electrode/solid‐state electrolyte interface is investigated. Then, a new conceptual 3D structure is introduced to circumvent the existing barriers. The results demonstrate that the discharge time is shortened by over 20% when the area contact ratio reduces from 1.0 to 0.8 at 1 C‐rate, owing to the increased overpotential. By adopting the new 3D pillar design, the energy density of ASSBs can be improved. However, it is only when a 3D current collector is contained in the cathode that the battery energy/power density, capacity, and material utilization can be greatly enhanced without being limited by pillar height issues. Therefore, this work provides important insight into the enhanced performance of 3D structures.
Highly Crowded Twisted Thienylene‐Phenylene Structures: Evidence for Through‐Space Orbital Coupling in a [4]Catenated Topology
Authors: Leitner Tanja Desirée , von Glasenapp Jan Simon , Herges Rainer , Mena‐Osteritz Elena , Bäuerle Peter
Published: February 2022

Sterically highly crowded and twisted thienylene‐phenylenes are synthesized and structurally characterized. Single‐crystal X‐ray structure analyses and theoretical studies give evidence of through‐space delocalization of π‐electrons of peripheral (hetero)aromatic rings in toroidal and catenated topology.
Phase 2 studies of lenalidomide, subcutaneous bortezomib, and dexamethasone as induction therapy in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
Authors: O'Gorman Peter , Laubach Jacob P. , O'Dwyer Michael E. , Krawczyk Janusz , Yee Andrew J. , Gilligan Oonagh , Cahill Mary R. , Rosenblatt Jacalyn , Quinn John , Murphy Philip T. , DiPietro Heidi , Perera Meegahage Ratnakanthi , Crotty Gerard M. , Cummings Kristen , Hayden Patrick J. , Browne Paul , Savell Alexandra , O'Leary Hilary M. , O'Keeffe Denis , Masone Kelly , Hennessy Brian J. , Guerrero Garcia Thomas , Scott Kathleen , Saeed Khalid , Bianchi Giada , Dowling Paul , Tierney Ciara , Richardson Paul G.
Published: February 2022

There are limited prospective data on lenalidomide, subcutaneous bortezomib, and dexamethasone (RsqVd) in transplant‐eligible/transplant‐ineligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Reliable biomarkers for efficacy and toxicity are required to better tailor therapy. Two parallel studies were conducted by Cancer Trials Ireland (CTI; NCT02219178) and the Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI; NCT02441686). Patients received four 21‐day cycles of RsqVd and could then receive either another 4 cycles of RsqVd or undergo autologous stem cell transplant. Postinduction/posttransplant, patients received lenalidomide maintenance, with bortezomib included for high‐risk patients. The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR) after 4 cycles of RsqVd. Eighty‐eight patients were enrolled and 84 treated across the two studies; median age was 64.7 (CTI study) and 60.0 years (DFCI study), and 59% and 57% had stage II–III disease. Pooled ORR after 4 cycles in evaluable patients was 93.5%, including 48.1% complete or very good partial responses (CTI study: 91.9%, 59.5%; DFCI study: 95.0%, 37.5%), and in the all‐treated population was 85.7% (44.0%). Patients received a median of 4 (CTI study) and 8 (DFCI study) RsqVd cycles; 60% and 31% of patients (CTI study) and 33% and 51% of patients (DFCI study) underwent transplant or received further RsqVd induction, respectively. The most common toxicity was peripheral neuropathy (pooled: 68%, 7% grade 3–4; CTI study: 57%, 7%; DFCI study: 79%, 7%). Proteomics analyses indicated elevated kallikrein‐6 in good versus poor responders, decreased midkine in good responders, and elevated macrophage inflammatory protein 1‐alpha in patients who stopped treatment from neurotoxicity, suggesting predictive biomarkers warranting further investigation.
An adaptive unscented Kalman filter approach to secure state estimation for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Miao Kelei , Zhang Wen‐An , Qiu Xiang
Published: February 2022

Wireless sensor networks are vulnerable to false data injection attacks, which may mislead the state estimation. To solve this problem, this paper presents a chi‐square test‐based adaptive secure state estimation (CTASSE) algorithm for state estimation and attack detection. Taking advantage of Kalman filters, attack signal together with process noise or measurement noise are described as total white Gaussian noise with uncertain covariance matrix. The chi‐square test method is used in the adaptation of the total noise covariance and attack detection. Then, a standard adaptive unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is used for the state estimation. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed CTASSE algorithm performs better than other UKFs in state estimation and is also effective in real‐time attack detection.