bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sobre la constitucionalidad de ciertos sistemas de acceso a la función pública docente no universitaria
Authors: Sánchez Piquero Javier
Published: July 2020

El acceso a la función pública docente ha venido padeciendo a lo largo de los años, similares prácticas restrictivas al derecho a la igualdad que en el resto de la función pública española. La creación de grandes bolsas de maestros y profesores interinos, derivada de un funcionamiento inadecuado de las administraciones educativas, ha sido la excusa perfecta para validar sistemas excepcionales de acceso, con evidente merma de los principios constitucionales de igualdad, mérito y capacidad. Este problema, lejos de resolverse pasados ya más de treinta años desde la aprobación de la Constitución, está aún plenamente vigente. Prueba de ello es el sistema transitorio de acceso a la función docente de la actual Ley Orgánica de Educación, que ha estado en vigor estos últimos años y que es objeto de análisis en este trabajo. Along the years accession to the teaching civil service has been suffering similar restriction practices to the right to equality, than the rest of the Spanish civil services.The creation of large pools of temporary teachers, due to inadequate running of the education authorities, has been de perfect excuse to validate exceptional systems of accession, with the evident decrease of the constitutional principles of equality, merit and ability. This problem, after more than thirty years without been solved, since the adoption of the Constitution, is still in force. In proof of it is the transitory system of accession to the teaching civil service of the current Education Law, which has been in force in recent years, and it is the subject of analysis in this work.
RESEÑA de : Muñoz-Alonso López, Gemma. Estructura, metodología y escritura del Trabajo de Fin de Máster. Madrid : Escolar y Mayo Editores, 2011
Authors: Beltrá Villaseñor Isabel
Published: July 2020

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RESEÑA de : Alzaga Villaamil, Óscar. Del consenso constituyente al conflicto permanente. Madrid : Editorial Trotta, Fundación Alfonso Martín Escudero S.A., 2011
Authors: Diego Arias Juan Luis de
Published: July 2020

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RESEÑA de : Martínez Morán, Narciso; Junquera de Estéfani, Rafael; Gómez Adanero, Mercedes y Sanz Burgos, Raúl; Junquera de Estéfani, Rafael (Coordinador). Ética y Deontología Públicas. Madrid : Editorial Universitas, 2011
Authors: Miguel Beriaín Íñigo de
Published: July 2020

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Emergência e desenvolvimento de mudas de fisális sob telas de sombreamento coloridas e pleno sol
Authors: Silva Daniel Fernandes da , Villa Fabiola , Piva André Luiz , Klososwki Elcio Silvério , Mezzalira Eder Junior
Published: July 2020

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito das telas de 50% de sombreamento coloridas sobre a emergência e o desenvolvimento de mudas de três espécies de fisális. O delineamento experimental foi blocos ao acaso, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas com quatro repetições. As telas utilizadas apresentaram 50% de sombreamento e quatro colorações + cultivo a pleno sol. As subparcelas consistiram de três espécies de fisális. A semeadura foi realizada em tubetes e o desbaste ocorreu 40 dias após a semeadura. Durante este período foram avaliadas algumas variáveis fitotécnicas e fisiológicas. A emergência das plantas foi favorecida em ambiente com presença de telas. Os ambientes de cultivo apresentaram interação com as espécies em relação ao índice de velocidade de emergência, diâmetro do colo, altura das plantas, biomassa seca de folha e na taxa de transpiração das mudas. Os ambientes não interferiram na taxa assimilatória líquida, radiação fotossinteticamente ativa, índiceSPAD, biomassa seca de raízes, caule e folhas, e no número de folhas por planta. As telas de sombreamento interferiram na temperatura do ar e umidade relativa do ar e em algumas características fitotécnicas. O uso da tela de sombreamento cor preta proporciou uma muda de melhor qualidade.
Productive and qualitative characteristics of strawberry genotypes in the Plateau of the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil
Authors: Zanin Daniel Suek , Lima Juliana Martins de , Santos Marllon Fernando Soares dos , Tillwitz Katiana Vanusa , Fagherazzi Antonio Felippe , Richter Adrik Francis , Kretzschmar Aike Anneliese , Rufato Leo
Published: July 2020

To produce strawberries on a commercial scale, it is necessary to choose the cultivars best adapted to the growing site. This work aimed to compare strawberry genotypes regarding production and fruit quality, in the municipality of Lages, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, during the 2017/2018 harvest season. In this work, 15 genotypes were evaluated, five commercial cultivars and ten advanced selections. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with four replicates and plots of 11 plants. The cultivation system used was in the soil of an open field, in beds of approximately 90 centimeters, with three rows per bed. Planting distance was of 30 centimeters between rows and plants. The Sabrina cultivar showed the highest production (1,231.77 g plant-1) and number of fruits (78.48 fruits plant-1). The highest quality fruits were obtained from the selections FRF PIR 256.4, FRF 104.1, FRF 57.6, FRF LAM 119.1 and cultivar Pircinque, characterized by soluble solids/titratable acidity ratios above 15. In the productive cycle in question, cultivar Sabrina presented the best performance, demonstrating the potential for recommendation to the producers of the South Plateau of State of Santa Catarina.
Conceptualising dog owner motivations: The Pet Care Competency model and role of ‘duty of care’
Authors: Glanville CR , Hemsworth PH , Coleman GJ
Published: July 2020

The current literature on the behaviour, health, and management of companion dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) indicates that their welfare is often compromised. While there are many factors that have the potential to influence the welfare of companion dogs, carer behaviour is highly influential. Therefore, in order to improve the welfare of companion dogs, it is vital to understand the general and specific human factors that underpin carer behaviour. One such factor that has received little attention in the scientific literature is ‘duty of care’. This paper will firstly review several extant, empirically validated models of human behaviour including the Cognitive Hierarchy model, the Schwartz Theory of Basic Human Values, the Theory of Planned Behaviour, and Hemsworth and Coleman's Animal-Carer model. Secondly, by combining aspects of moral obligation and care, a strong theoretical argument will be presented for the role of ‘duty of care’ as a fundamental motivational driver of animal-carer behaviour. Finally, by integrating ‘duty of care’ with the aforementioned existing models, a hypothesised model of Pet Care Competency is presented, providing a more detailed representation of animal carer motivations than previously documented. Drawing together this wide range of behavioural research and psychological theory, the Pet Care Competency model provides a strong conceptual framework for future empirical investigation. Once the relevant values, beliefs, and attitudes that underpin ‘duty of care’ and contribute most strongly to an individual's Pet Care Competency are identified, this model can be utilised to inform behaviour change programmes that aim to improve carer behaviour and, consequently, dog welfare. By employing this model to identify and target the key elements of carer motivation, a more enduring outcome may be achieved than traditional knowledge-based interventions. This work has the potential to significantly improve the outcomes of animal welfare education and intervention programmes, warranting further exploration.
Unions, Industrial Relations and Market Income Inequality in Canada’s Provinces
Authors: Scrimger Phillippe James
Published: July 2020

While decades of scholarship point to the broad consensus that unions compress the distribution of wages and incomes, recent empirical contributions suggest that unions’ within-country egalitarian effect is dwindling, as unions decline and membership composition changes. What is more, unions now operate in an increasingly difficult political economy transformed by, among other forces, globalization, financialization and fiscal austerity. At the same time, there is an increased demand for unions to play a broader role in a movement for distributive justice.

Transposing these debates to the Canadian provincial context, this article asks whether unions still matter for reducing inequality. Considering the role of industrial relations more broadly by taking into account strike activity and collective labour statutes, the article explores the relationship between union power and market income inequality over a period ranging from 1984 to 2012. This empirical contribution is framed in theories from comparative capitalism, economics, and sociology.

Descriptive longitudinal statistics support the well-documented union decline narrative. On average, union density and strike activity have declined in the provinces. As for the quality of collective labour rights, it is argued that the relative apparent stability of statutes conceals more substantive issues with Wagnerism as an organizing model. Linking unions to inequality, results from multivariate regressions using panel data suggest that union power still matters for limiting market income inequality. While estimates for strike action are not statistically significant, those for union density and the quality of collective labour statutes suggest that unions still exert an inequality-reducing effect. However, the rarity of significant estimates across models using different measures of inequality indicates that this effect is by no means comprehensive.
Une jeunesse territorialisée
Authors: Alberio Marco , Longo María Eugenia , Vultur Mircea
Published: July 2020

Le territoire se trouve au cœur des parcours de vie des individus, et surtout des plus jeunes d’entre eux. Dans les temporalités de la vie, ces deux variables s’entrecroisent, se déterminent et s’influencent de manière réciproque. Cependant, l’analyse des parcours des jeunes en lien avec le territoire constitue un angle mort de la réflexion sociologique, et les deux disciplines qui les représentent, à savoir le développement territorial et la sociologie de la jeunesse, sont rarement mises en relation pour une co-construction des connaissances.  L’objectif de cet article est de faire le point sur les liens qui existent entre les jeunes et le territoire, à partir d’une analyse de plusieurs travaux internationaux de recherche sur ce sujet. Nous mettons en perspective l’influence des territoires sur les parcours des jeunes qui apparaissent comme un processus incertain, soumis à des logiques plurielles. En analysant les parcours des jeunes, il est ainsi possible de repenser le territoire sur la base des réalités des populations qui l’investissent.
Cuerpos, objetos, sensorialidades: el registro del cautiverio cristiano en manos de los musulmanes en el Mediterráneo occidental (siglos xv al xvii)
Authors: Rodríguez Gerardo Fabián
Published: July 2020

Entre 1450 y 1620 las costas africanas y europeas del mar Mediterráneo mostraban un mundo en constante movimiento, en el cual se cruzaban y tensionaban las herencias cristianas y musulmanas, gestando un complejo entramado de relaciones culturales, económicas, sociales y políticas.

Las fuentes de la época dan testimonio de este mundo fronterizo, subrayando el valor del cautivo como personaje emblemático, pues su figura transforma la experiencia de vida en testimonio social y comunitario. De ahí que resulte posible abordar estos relatos sobre la base de la relación entre “trauma-relato testimonial”, dentro de un contexto ideológico y de creencias religiosas caracterizado por la denominada “eficacia del discurso”, que analizo a partir del “giro sensorial” que ha dado la investigación histórica en los últimos años, que permitió el reconocimiento de nuevos fenómenos y objetos de estudio, entre ellos los sentidos y, en mi caso particular, en la definición e identificación de marcas sensoriales, que dan encarnadura al sufrimiento de los cautivos cristianos en manos de los musulmanes: las marcas sonoras, visuales, olfativas, gustativas, táctiles y afectivas me permiten reconstruir desde un acercamiento intersensorial, las fuentes analizadas, tanto inéditas (Los Milagros de Guadalupe, conservados en el Archivo del Real Monasterio de Guadalupe) como publicadas (Tratado de la redención de cautivos y Peregrinación de Anastasio, escritas por Jerónimo Gracián Dantisco), que configuran el modelo sensorial de una época.
Flotillin-mediated membrane fluidity controls peptidoglycan synthesis and MreB movement
Authors: Zielińska Aleksandra , Savietto Abigail , de Sousa Borges Anabela , Martinez Denis , Berbon Melanie , Roelofsen Joël R , Hartman Alwin M , de Boer Rinse , Van der Klei Ida J , Hirsch Anna KH , Habenstein Birgit , Bramkamp Marc , Scheffers Dirk-Jan
Published: July 2020

The bacterial plasma membrane is an important cellular compartment. In recent years it has become obvious that protein complexes and lipids are not uniformly distributed within membranes. Current hypotheses suggest that flotillin proteins are required for the formation of complexes of membrane proteins including cell-wall synthetic proteins. We show here that bacterial flotillins are important factors for membrane fluidity homeostasis. Loss of flotillins leads to a decrease in membrane fluidity that in turn leads to alterations in MreB dynamics and, as a consequence, in peptidoglycan synthesis. These alterations are reverted when membrane fluidity is restored by a chemical fluidizer. In vitro, the addition of a flotillin increases membrane fluidity of liposomes. Our data support a model in which flotillins are required for direct control of membrane fluidity rather than for the formation of protein complexes via direct protein-protein interactions.
Restricting the sizes of condensates
Authors: Dar Furqan , Pappu Rohit
Published: July 2020

Computer simulations of model proteins with sticker-and-spacer architectures shed light on the formation of biomolecular condensates in cells.
The role of individual, household, and area of residence factors on self-rated health in Colombian adults: A multilevel study
Authors: Caicedo-Velásquez Beatriz , Restrepo-Méndez María Clara
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Self-rated health is strongly associated with morbidity and mortality. It is largely influenced by individual factors but also by individuals’ social surroundings and environment.Objective: To investigate individual, household, and locality factors associated with self-rated ealth in Colombian adults.Materials and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional multilevel study using data from national databases on 19 urban localities and 37,352 individuals nested within 15,788 households using a population-based survey. Given the natural hierarchical structure of the data, the estimates of self-rated health related to individual, household, and locality characteristics were obtained by fitting a three-level logistic regression.Results: The adjusted multilevel logistic models showed that at individual level, higher odds of poor self-rated health were found among older adults, persons from low socio-economic status, those living without a partner, with no regular physical activity, and reporting morbidities. At the household level, poor self-rated health was associated with households of low socioeconomic status located near noise sources and factories and in polluted and insecure areas. At the locality level, only poverty was associated with poor self-rated health after adjusting for individual and household variables.Conclusions: These results highlight the need for a more integrated framework when designing and implementing strategies and programs that aim to improve health conditions in urban populations in Latin America.
Assessing the oncolytic potential of rotavirus on mouse myeloma cell line Sp2/0-Ag14
Authors: Guerrero Rafael A. , Guerrero Carlos A. , Guzmán Fanny , Acosta Orlando
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States, surpassed only by cardiovascular disease. However, cancer has now overtaken cardiovascular disease as the main cause of death in 12 countries in Western Europe. The burden of cancer is posing a major challenge to health care systems worldwide and demanding improvements in methods for cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Alternative and complementary strategies for orthodox surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy need to be developed.Objective: To determine the oncolytic potential of tumor cell-adapted rotavirus in terms of their ability to infect and lysate murine myeloma Sp2/0-Ag14 cells.Materials and methods: We inoculated rotaviruses Wt1-5, WWM, TRUYO, ECwt-O, and WTEW in Sp2/0-Ag14 cells and we examined their infectious effects by immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and DNA fragmentation assays.Results: Rotavirus infection involved the participation of some heat shock proteins, of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), and integrin β3. We detected the accumulation of viral antigens within the virus-inoculated cells and in the culture medium in all the rotavirus isolates examined. The rotavirus-induced cell death mechanism in Sp2/0-Ag14 cells involved changes in cell membrane permeability, chromatin condensation, and DNA fragmentation, which were compatible with cytotoxicity and apoptosis.Conclusions: The ability of the rotavirus isolates Wt1-5, WWM, TRUYO, ECwt-O, and WTEW to infect and cause cell death of Sp2/0-Ag14 cells through mechanisms that are compatible with virus-induced apoptosis makes them potential candidates as oncolytic agents.
Health risk behaviors in college students of a public institution
Authors: Silva Líscia Divana Carvalho , Costa Juliana Carline Martins , Nunes Flávia Danyelle Oliveira , Azevedo Patrícia Ribeiro
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: Estudo transversal quantitativo com objetivo de verificar a prevalência de comportamentos de risco à saúde em universitários. Método: Amostra de cinquenta e dois (52) estagiários do último ano do curso de graduação em enfermagem de uma Universidade pública no nordeste do Brasil. Utilizou-se o Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Resultados: Prevaleceu sexo feminino 39 (75%), média de idade 24,8 anos, cor branca 29 (55,7%), peso corporal normal 35 (67,3%) e sedentarismo 34 (65,4%), consumo de refrigerantes 25 (48%), frutas e verduras 23(44,2%), bebida alcóolica 42 (80,8%) e cigarros 21(40,4%). A maconha foi relatada por 13 (25%), além de outras substâncias 14 (26,9%); 44 (84,6%) declaram experiência sexual, início aos 17 anos 18 (34,6%), uso do preservativo masculino 20 (38,5%) e 16 (30,8%) relataram tristeza, 14 (26,9%) intenção de suicídio e 47 (90,4%) negaram ameaças ou agressão. Conclusão: Os universitários apresentam comportamentos considerados de risco a saúde adotando atitudes e condutas prejudiciais.
Association between sociodemographic and health characteristics and the level of difficulty of locomotion of elderly
Authors: Carvalho Rosana Gayer , Alencar Júnior Fernando de Oliveira , Moraes José Rodrigo de
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a associação entre características sociodemográficas e de saúde e o grau de dificuldade de locomoção dos idosos, no Brasil. Método: Foi utilizado o modelo de chances proporcionais parciais e os dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2013. Resultados: Na análise ajustada, observou-se maior grau de dificuldade de locomoção entre idosos mais velhos, não casados (OR=1/0,759=1,318;p-valor<0,001), sem instrução (OR=1,433;p-valor=0,026), residentes na região Sul (OR=1,448;p-valor=0,019) e que reportaram piores níveis de saúde geral. Além disso, idosos com diagnóstico de doença crônica, física ou mental apresentaram maior chance de reportar dificuldade de locomoção (OR=1,645;p-valor<0,001). Conclusão: Devido à natureza dos fatores associados, destaca-se a necessidade de ações de promoção e educação em saúde a fim de reduzir as complicações e danos à saúde dos idosos que comprometam a sua capacidade funcional, especialmente na região Sul do Brasil.
Clinical outcome of patients hospitalized in a coronary intensive care unit
Authors: Silva Lizziane Campos e , Maier Suellen Rodrigues de Oliveira , Soares Danielle Santana , Sudré Mayara Rocha Siqueira , Silva Michele Salles da , Sudré Graciano Almeida
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: Verificar quais os desfechos clínicos dos usuários internados em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Coronariana de um hospital no sul de Mato Grosso. Método: Estudo do tipo coorte retrospectivo, documental, com abordagem quantitativa, com 593 usuários durante o ano de 2017. Resultados: Verificou-se significância em relação ao desfecho clínico óbito no bloco de distúrbios mecânicos, em relação ao número menor de admissões e proporcionalmente um aumento do desfecho óbito com 36,3% o que reflete a associação estatística entre as variáveis (p-valor=0,0184); Também é imperativo destacar a relação entre o número de altas e de óbitos a partir do décimo sexto dia de internação, ocorrendo associação entre as varáveis (p-valor= 0,00001). Conclusão: Espera-se que a partir dos dados sociodemográficos e clínicos dos usuários atendidos, a instituição consiga implementar da assistência ofertada, com foco no atendimento especializado, de modo a repercutir na redução do desfecho óbito na Unidade Coronariana.
Pain‐induced aggression and changes in social behavior in mice
Authors: Khosravi Hatef , Khalilzadeh Emad , Vafaei Saiah Gholamreza
Published: July 2020

The effects of neuropathic, formalin, and acetic acid‐induced visceral pain were investigated on the social and aggressive behaviors in the Swiss male mice. Neuropathic pain was induced by tibial nerve transection (TNT). Also, somatic and visceral pain was conducted by intraplantar injection of diluted formalin (1%, 20 μl) and intraperitoneal administration of acetic acid (0.6%, 200 μl), respectively. Fourteen and twenty one days after the TNT surgery, and also, 1 and 7 days following formalin and acetic acid administration, the three‐chambered test was used to determine sociability and preference for social novelty and resident/intruder test was used for the evaluation of the aggressive behaviors. In the sociability phase of the three‐chambered test, all the three models of pain did not change the animal's sociability. However, in the social novelty preference phase, the animals in pain showed deficits in social novelty preference by a significant increase in the time spent with the familiar mice compared to the control groups. Also, animals in pain significantly showed more aggressive behaviors like biting and clinching and have much less attack latency in comparison to the control groups. Pain‐induced changes in the social novelty preference and aggressive behaviors continued in the neuropathic group until the end of the experiment. However, 7 days following the induction of both formalin and visceral pain, animals' social memory, and aggression almost returned to the standard value. These results suggest that long‐lasting pain could lead to social memory impairment and increase aggressive behaviors in mice.
Influence of Ultrasonic Melt Treatment on Ni‐Containing Intermetallic Phases in Al–Si Piston Alloys
Authors: Dong Xiongbo , Guo Yongchun , Li Jianping , Wang Jianli , Xia Feng , Ma Zhijun , Yang Wei , Bai Yaping , Liang Minxian
Published: July 2020

The influence of ultrasonic melt treatment (USMT) at different ultrasonic powers (0, 900, 2400, and 3000 W) on the morphology and chemical composition of Ni‐containing intermetallic phases (T‐Al9FeNi and δ‐Al3CuNi phases) in an Al‐11.5Si‐4Cu‐2Ni‐1Mg‐0.45Fe (wt%) piston alloy is investigated. The morphological characterization reveals that the USMT not only decrease the size of the T‐Al9FeNi and δ‐Al3CuNi phases but also change the morphology of T‐Al9FeNi from skeleton‐ to block‐shaped. The block‐shaped T‐Al9FeNi contributes the most to the high‐temperature properties because this morphology is beneficial in the formation of semi‐continuous network structures. The chemical composition of T and δ phases is analyzed. The Cu → Fe in the T phase and Ni ↔ Cu in the δ phase existing in the examined alloys are estimated. With increasing the ultrasonic power from 0 to 3000 W, the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation are increased from 98.46 to 124.57 MPa, 82.4 to 101.87 MPa, and 2.95% to 5.12%, respectively, at 350 °C.
Electrochemical Synthesis of O‐Phthalimide Oximes from α‐Azido Styrenes via Radical Sequence: Generation, Addition and Recombination of Imide‐N‐Oxyl and Iminyl Radicals with C−O/N−O Bonds Formation
Authors: Paveliev Stanislav A. , Churakov Artem I. , Alimkhanova Liliya S. , Segida Oleg O. , Nikishin Gennady I. , Terent'ev Alexander O.
Published: July 2020

Electrochemically induced radical‐initiated reaction of vinyl azides with N‐hydroxyphthalimide resulting O‐phthalimide oximes with challenging for organic chemistry N−O‐N fragment has been discovered. The developed approach introduces in synthesis electrochemically generated O‐centered imide‐N‐oxyl radicals as the coupling components. Sequential formation of C−O and N−O bonds was achieved via generation and selective addition of imide‐N‐oxyl radicals, followed by recombination with iminyl radicals. A wide range of O‐phthalimide oximes was obtained with the yields up to 84%.

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The Chemistry of Azolium‐Carboxylate Zwitterions and Related Compounds: a Survey of the Years 2009–2020
Authors: Delaude Lionel
Published: July 2020

This review highlights the most significant advances that were accomplished in the chemistry of azolium‐carboxylate betaines within the years 2009–2020. Whenever needed, prior, seminal achievements are also briefly recalled to help put recent developments in a broader perspective. The compounds under scrutiny are zwitterions obtained upon nucleophilic addition of N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) onto carbon dioxide. We first present an overview of the various synthetic paths that give access to these inner salts before discussing their stability. The main part of this report then summarizes the numerous applications relying on NHC ⋅ CO2 zwitterions employed either in stoichiometric or catalytic proportions in the fields of organometallic chemistry and homogeneous catalysis, organic synthesis and organocatalysis, polymer chemistry, and materials science. A particular emphasis is placed on the endeavors devoted to trap carbon dioxide and to convert this greenhouse gas into valuable chemicals via the intermediacy of NHC ⋅ CO2 zwitterions. Whenever available, mechanistic considerations that help assess the pivotal role played by these species in CO2 activation are discussed. Because of their close relationship with azolium‐carboxylate betaines, azolium hydrogencarbonate salts and azolium‐methylenecarboxylate zwitterions resulting from the addition of carbon dioxide onto N‐heterocyclic olefins (NHOs) are included in this survey, which also covers the reactivity of carbon monoxide toward NHCs and related carbene species.

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A Randomized, Open‐Label, Controlled Clinical Trial of Azvudine Tablets in the Treatment of Mild and Common COVID‐19, a Pilot Study
Authors: Ren Zhigang , Luo Hong , Yu Zujiang , Song Jingchao , Liang Lan , Wang Ling , Wang Haiyu , Cui Guangying , Liu Yong , Wang Jin , Li Qingquan , Zeng Zhaohai , Yang Shengkun , Pei Guangzhong , Zhu Yonghui , Song Wenbin , Yu Wenquan , Song Chuanjun , Dong Lihong , Hu Chuansong , Du Jinfa , Chang Junbiao
Published: July 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has spread worldwide. To date, no specific drug for COVID‐19 has been developed. Thus, this randomized, open‐label, controlled clinical trial (ChiCTR2000029853) was performed in China. A total of 20 mild and common COVID‐19 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive azvudine and symptomatic treatment (FNC group), or standard antiviral and symptomatic treatment (control group). The mean times of the first nucleic acid negative conversion (NANC) of ten patients in the FNC group and ten patients in the control group are 2.60 (SD 0.97; range 1–4) d and 5.60 (SD 3.06; range 2–13) d, respectively (p = 0.008). The mean times of the first NANC of four newly diagnosed subjects in the FNC group and ten subjects in the control group are 2.50 (SD 1.00; range 2–4) d and 9.80 (SD 4.73; range 3–19) d, respectively (starting from the initial treatment) (p = 0.01). No adverse events occur in the FNC group, while three adverse events occur in the control group (p = 0.06). The preliminary results show that FNC treatment in the mild and common COVID‐19 may shorten the NANC time versus standard antiviral treatment. Therefore, clinical trials of FNC treating COVID‐19 with larger sample size are warranted.
Structural Regulation and Support Coupling Effect of Single‐Atom Catalysts for Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Liu Daobin , He Qun , Ding Shiqing , Song Li
Published: July 2020

Single atom catalysts (SACs) that integrate the merits of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts have been attracting considerable attention in recent years. The individual metal atoms of SACs can be stabilized on supports through various unsaturated chemical sites or space confinement for achieving the maximized atom utilization efficiency. Aside from the development of strategies for preparing high loading and high purity SACs, another key challenge in this field is precisely manipulating the geometric and electronic structure of catalytically active single metal sites, thus rendering the catalysts exceptionally reactive, selective, and stabile compared to their bulk counterparts. This review summarizes recent advancements in SACs for heterogeneous catalysis from the perspective of local structural regulation and the synergistic coupling effect between metal species and supports. Special emphasis is placed on the elucidation of the catalytic structure‐performance relationship in terms of coordination environment, valence state and metal‐support interactions by advanced characterization and theoretical studies. Select in situ or operando characterization techniques for tracking the SACs’ structure evolution under realistic conditions are highlighted. Finally, the challenges and opportunities are discussed to offer insight into the rational design of more intriguing SACs with high activity and distinct chemoselectivity.
Do Cottage Food Laws Reduce Barriers to Entry for Food Manufacturers?
Authors: O'Hara Jeffrey K. , Castillo Marcelo , McFadden Dawn Thilmany
Published: July 2020

States have increasingly adopted cottage food laws across the United States. The laws allow small‐scale food entrepreneurs to produce nonrefrigerated foods in home kitchens and sell them via direct‐to‐consumer outlets. Research has not yet established if the policies are, as intended, supporting start‐up food manufacturing businesses nationally. We estimate a differences‐in‐differences model using state‐level panel data to evaluate whether the passage of cottage food laws impacted the number of manufactured baked good establishments. We find a positive impact on the number of both employer and nonemployer businesses, with a relatively greater proportional impact for nonemployer businesses.
Effects of ionicity and chain structure on the physicochemical properties of protic ionic liquids
Authors: Deng Yuyan , Yao Jia , Li Haoran
Published: July 2020

The physicochemical properties of protic ionic liquids (PILs) determine their industrial applications. In this study, six PILs based on 1‐vinylimidazole were synthesized, and their ionicities were determined by 1H NMR method. The thermodynamic properties, viscosities, densities, and conductivities of these PILs were correlated with the ionicities and the chain lengths of the anions. The ionicity was found to depend on the acidity of the alkyl carboxylic acid. Since HAc has the strongest acidity among these acid precursors, Vim·HAc has the highest ionicity and thus the strongest Coulombic interactions among the six PILs. The other five PILs have similar ionicities but different chain lengths in their anions. So, we can separately identify the effects of Coulombic interactions and van der Waals forces on the physicochemical properties of PILs. From these trends, the viscosity and conductivity of PILs may be tuned by varying the acidity and alkyl chain length of the precursors.
Partitioning of water‐soluble vitamins in biodegradable aqueous two‐phase systems: Electrolyte perturbed‐chain statistical associating fluid theory predictions and experimental validation
Authors: Wysoczanska Kamila , Do Hoang Tam , Sadowski Gabriele , Macedo Eugénia A. , Held Christoph
Published: July 2020

Partition coefficients (K) of vitamins (riboflavin, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, folic acid, cyanocobalamin) in aqueous two‐phase systems (ATPS) composed by polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000, PEG 6000) and organic salt (sodium citrate and sodium tartrate) at T = 298.15 K and p = 1 bar have been studied. Data on liquid–liquid equilibria of the ATPS considered in this study have been taken from the literature (PEG‐Na3Citrate) or measured in this work (PEG‐Na2Tartrate) for PEG 4000 and PEG 6000 at T = 298.15 K and p = 1 bar. The experimental K values were validated by electrolyte perturbed‐chain‐statistical associating fluid theory predictions. The neutral cyanocobalamin has the highest K values among all studied vitamins at any ATPS studied in this work. This finding contrasted with expectations based on literature data which let assume that charged species have typically the highest K values in the considered ATPS. Thus, besides the typically strong charge–charge interactions especially specific forces (e.g., hydrogen bonding) explains the strong PEG‐cyanocobalamin interaction resulting in the high K values.
Imidazole‐Based Synthetic Lipidoids for In Vivo mRNA Delivery into Primary T Lymphocytes
Authors: Zhao Xuewei , Chen Jinjin , Qiu Min , Li Yamin , Glass Zachary , Xu Qiaobing
Published: July 2020

Engineering T lymphocytes is an emerging approach in a variety of biomedical applications. However, delivering large biologics to primary T lymphocytes directly in vivo is technically challenging due to the low transfection efficacy. Herein, we investigated a library of synthetic lipid‐like molecules (lipidoids) for their capability of delivering mRNA into primary T lymphocytes both ex vivo and in vivo. We initially screened a library with a large structural variety of lipidoids ex vivo and identified imidazole‐containing lipidoids that are particularly potent in T lymphocytes transfection. We further optimized lipidoid structures by constructing and screening a detailed lipidoid library containing imidazole or imidazole analogues to perform a structure–activity correlation analysis. Using the lead lipidoid as a delivery vehicle for Cre mRNA in vivo through intravenous injection, we achieved 8.2 % gene recombination in mouse T lymphocytes.
cAAC‐stabilisierte 9,10‐Diboraanthracene – offenschalige Singulettbiradikale
Authors: Saalfrank Christian , Fantuzzi Felipe , Kupfer Thomas , Ritschel Benedikt , Hammond Kai , Krummenacher Ivo , Bertermann Rüdiger , Wirthensohn Raphael , Finze Maik , Schmid Paul , Engel Volker , Engels Bernd , Braunschweig Holger
Published: July 2020

Geringe HOMO‐LUMO‐Abstände und eine hohe Ladungsträgermobilität prädestinieren die höheren Acene für Anwendungen im Bereich der Organoelektronik. Die Leistungsfähigkeit derartiger Verbindungen steigt hierbei dramatisch mit der Anzahl anellierter Benzolringe. Größere Acenmengen sind synthetisch bisher jedoch nur für Acene bis Heptacen verlässlich zugänglich. Theoretischen Studien zufolge besitzen (Oligo)acene offenschalige Singulettbiradikal‐ und (Poly)acene polyradikalische Grundzustände. Eindeutige experimentelle Belege für diese Vorhersagen sind hingegen äußerst selten. Durch den Einbau von zwei Boratomen in das Anthracengrundgerüst konnten wir den HOMO‐LUMO‐Abstand von Acenen dramatisch verringern und zwar ohne die Notwendigkeit einer Ausweitung des konjugierten π‐Systems. Stabilisierung der Borzentren durch cyclische (Alkyl)(amino)carbene lieferte hierbei neutrale 9,10‐Diboraanthracene mit disjunkten, offenschaligen Singulettbiradikal‐Grundzuständen.
cAAC‐Stabilized 9,10‐diboraanthracenes—Acenes with Open‐Shell Singlet Biradical Ground States
Authors: Saalfrank Christian , Fantuzzi Felipe , Kupfer Thomas , Ritschel Benedikt , Hammond Kai , Krummenacher Ivo , Bertermann Rüdiger , Wirthensohn Raphael , Finze Maik , Schmid Paul , Engel Volker , Engels Bernd , Braunschweig Holger
Published: July 2020

Narrow HOMO–LUMO gaps and high charge‐carrier mobilities make larger acenes potentially high‐efficient materials for organic electronic applications. The performance of such molecules was shown to significantly increase with increasing number of fused benzene rings. Bulk quantities, however, can only be obtained reliably for acenes up to heptacene. Theoretically, (oligo)acenes and (poly)acenes are predicted to have open‐shell singlet biradical and polyradical ground states, respectively, for which experimental evidence is still scarce. We have now been able to dramatically lower the HOMO–LUMO gap of acenes without the necessity of unfavorable elongation of their conjugated π system, by incorporating two boron atoms into the anthracene skeleton. Stabilizing the boron centers with cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes gives neutral 9,10‐diboraanthracenes, which are shown to feature disjointed, open‐shell singlet biradical ground states.
Biomass/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanocomposites: Advances in preparation strategies and performances
Authors: Wang Junchao , Du Weining , Zhang Zetian , Gao Weiyao , Li Zhengjun
Published: July 2020

Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) as an organic–inorganic hybrid at a molecular level, has excellent mechanical properties, thermodynamic properties, dielectric properties and so on. In recent decades, POSS has been extensively used in modification of various polymers to prepare nanocomposites with enhanced comprehensive performances. Biomass materials such as chitosan, cellulose, silk protein, collagen fibers and gelatin have excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, which have been widely used in the fields such as biomedical, innovative environmental protection and so on. However, deficiencies including insufficient mechanical properties and rapid rate of biodegradation hampered their application. This paper briefly introduced the principal methods to synthesize POSS nanoparticles, and then focused on technologies for preparing biomass‐based composites utilizing diverse functional POSSs. Finally, put forward the prospects of POSS modification technology and its future application direction. This article will have a positive guiding role for the further research and development of biomass/POSS nanocomposites.
Radial velocity measurements of the runaway stars AE Aur and ι Ori
Authors: Heyne Therese , Mugrauer M. , Bischoff R. , Wagner D. , Neuhäuser R. , Hoffmann S. M. , Lux O.
Published: July 2020

We present the results of our spectroscopic monitoring observations of the late O‐type runaway stars AE Aur and ι Ori, carried out between September 2016 and May 2018 using the Échelle spectrograph FLECHAS at the University Observatory Jena. For both stars, we obtained current radial velocity (RV) measurements with better precision than before. These results can be used for further advanced calculations of their space motion, needed to determine, for example, their place of origin in our Galaxy. In this paper, we describe the observations and the data reduction, as well as the analysis of all spectral data. We find a stable RV for AE Aur and confirm ι Ori as a double‐lined spectroscopic binary and derive its current Keplerian orbital elements.
Butein inhibits lipogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Farias‐Pereira Renalison , Zhang Zhenyu , Park Cheon‐Seok , Kim Daeyoung , Kim Kee‐Hong , Park Yeonhwa
Published: July 2020

Butein, a flavonoid found in annatto seeds and lacquer trees, may be used for many health benefits, including the prevention of obesity. However, its anti‐obesity effects are not completely understood; in particular, the effects of butein on the regulation of lipid metabolism have not been explained. Thus, the goal of the current study was to determine the effects of butein on lipid metabolism in Caenorhabditis elegans, which is a multi‐organ nematode used as an animal model in obesity research. Butein at 70 μM reduced triglyceride content by 27% compared to the control without altering food intake and energy expenditure. The reduced triglyceride content by butein was associated with the downregulation of sbp‐1, fasn‐1, and fat‐7, the lipogenesis‐related homologs of sterol regulatory element‐binding proteins, fatty acid synthase and stearoyl‐CoA desaturase, respectively. Furthermore, fat‐7 and skn‐1, a homolog of nuclear respiratory factors, were identified as genetic requirements for butein's effects on triglyceride content in C. elegans. The effects of butein on sbp‐1 and fasn‐1 were dependent on skn‐1, but the downregulation of fat‐7 was independent of skn‐1. These results suggest that the inhibitory effects of butein on lipogenesis are via SKN‐1‐ and FAT‐7‐dependent pathways in C. elegans.
A new nodavirus‐negative Trichoplusia ni cell line for baculovirus‐mediated protein production
Authors: Maghodia Ajay B. , Geisler Christoph , Jarvis Donald L.
Published: July 2020

Cell lines derived from Trichoplusia ni (Tn) are widely used as hosts in the baculovirus‐insect cell system (BICS). One advantage of Tn cell lines is they can produce recombinant proteins at higher levels than cell lines derived from other insects. However, Tn cell lines are persistently infected with an alphanodavirus, Tn5 cell‐line virus (TnCLV), which reduces their utility as a host for the BICS. Several groups have isolated TnCLV‐negative Tn cell lines, but none were thoroughly characterized and shown to be free of other adventitious viruses. Thus, we isolated and extensively characterized a new TnCLV‐negative line, Tn‐nodavirus‐negative (Tn‐NVN). Tn‐NVN cells have no detectable TnCLV, no other previously identified viral contaminants of lepidopteran insect cell lines, and no sequences associated with any replicating virus or other viral adventitious agents. Tn‐NVN cells tested negative for >60 species of Mycoplasma, Acholeplasma, Spiroplasma, and Ureaplasma. Finally, Tn‐NVN cells grow well as a single‐cell suspension culture in serum‐free medium, produce recombinant proteins at levels similar to High Five™ cells, and do not produce recombinant glycoproteins with immunogenic core α1,3‐fucosylation. Thus, Tn‐NVN is a new, well‐characterized TnCLV‐negative cell line with several other features enhancing its utility as a host for the BICS.
The assimilation of glycerol into lipid acyl chains and associated carbon backbones of Nannochloropsis salina varies under nitrogen replete and deplete conditions
Authors: Poddar Nature , Elahee Doomun Sheik N. , Callahan Damien L. , Kowalski Greg M. , Martin Gregory J. O.
Published: July 2020

Mixotrophic cultivation can increase microalgae productivity, yet the associated lipid metabolism remains mostly unknown. Stable isotope labeling was used to track assimilation of glycerol into the triacylglyceride (TAG) and membrane lipids of Nannochloropsis salina. In N‐replete media, glycerol uptake and 13C incorporation into acyl chains were, respectively, 6‐fold and 12‐fold higher than in N‐deplete conditions. In N‐replete cultures, 42% of the carbon in the consumed glycerol was assimilated into lipid acyl chains, mostly in membrane lipids rather than TAG. In N‐deplete cultures, only 11% of the limited amount of consumed glycerol was fixed into lipid acyl chains. Labeled lipid‐associated glycerol backbones were predominantly 13C3 labeled, suggesting that intact glycerol molecules were directly esterified with fatty acids/polar head groups. However, the presence of singly and doubly labeled lipid‐bound glycerol species suggested that some glycerol also went through the central carbon metabolism before forming glycerol‐3‐phosphate destined for lipid esterification. 13C incorporation was higher in the saturated and monounsaturated than the polyunsaturated acyl chains of TAG, indicating the flux of carbon from glycerol went first to de novo fatty acid synthesis before acyl editing reactions. The results demonstrate that nitrogen availability influences both glycerol consumption and utilization for lipid synthesis in Nannochloropsis, providing novel insights for developing mixotrophic cultivation strategies.
Mechanisms of antimicrobial and antiendotoxin activities of a triazine‐based amphipathic polymer
Authors: Kim Eun Young , Kumar S. Dinesh , Bang Jeong Kyu , Shin Song Yub
Published: July 2020

TZP4 is a triazine‐based amphipathic polymer designed to mimic the amphipathic structure found in antimicrobial peptides. TZP4 showed potent antimicrobial activity comparable to melittin against antibiotic‐resistant bacteria, such as methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and multidrug‐resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. TZP4 showed high resistance to proteolytic degradation and low tendency to develop drug resistance. The results from membrane depolarization, SYTOX Green uptake, flow cytometry, and gel retardation revealed that the mechanism of antimicrobial action of TZP4 involved an intracellular target rather than the bacterial cell membrane. Furthermore, TZP4 suppressed the messenger RNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and inhibited the release of nitric oxide and TNF‐α in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated RAW264.7 cells. BODIPY‐TR‐cadaverine displacement and dissociation of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐labeled LPS assays revealed that TZP4 strongly bound to LPS and disaggregated the LPS oligomers. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that TZP4 inhibits the binding of FITC‐conjugated LPS to RAW264.7 cells. These observations indicate that TZP4 may exert its antiendotoxic activity by directly binding with LPS and inhibiting the interaction between LPS and CD14+ cells. Collectively, TZP4 is a promising drug candidate for the treatment of endotoxic shock and sepsis caused by Gram‐negative bacterial infections.
Delayed hypoxia during pediatric posterior spinal fusion secondary to intraoperative pneumothorax: Case report
Authors: Rovner Michelle S. , Jeanes Zachary M. , Redding Amanda T. , Davis Grayce P. , Furse Cory M.
Published: July 2020

Rarely will a pneumothorax caused intraoperatively not manifest signs such as hypoxia, tachypnea, and tachycardia until later. If this occurs, diagnosis and treatment with needle decompression or chest tube must happen quickly for patient safety.