bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Apple, P. Ulmi Control with Acaracides, 1976
Authors: Hall Franklin R.
Published: March 2022

Test materials were applied to run-off with the use of a truck-mounted Myers hydraulic sprayer at 450-500 psi. Approximately 4-5 gallons of spray were applied to each of 4 Red Delicious per treatment (equal to ca 400 gal/A). All plots were treated July 13, '76. Leaves (25/tree) were randomly sampled at 4-81 around each replicate tree on each date. ERM and other mites were brushed onto glass plates and counted on the day of sample.
Apple, Prebloom Mite Treatments, 1976
Authors: Hill Clarence H. , Cobb Leonard J. , Thomas John H.
Published: March 2022

Treatments with three oil formulations along with commonly used and experimental acaricides were applied to York apple trees using a Bean, 35 gallon per minute hydraulic sprayer at 540 psi to single tree plots replicated 5 times. The trees were sprayed to run-off. The oils were applied on March 26 at green bud stage of the apple. April 6, at the pre-pink stage of the apple, the remaining acaricide treatments were applied. Omite, at low dosage, was reapplied on May 17 and June 10. A modified standard spray program utilizing Polyram 80W, Captan 50W, wettable sulfur, Imidan and Phosphamidon was applied to the test trees during the test period with an airblast sprayer calibrated to deliver 100 gallons of spray per acre.
Apple, Seasonal Insecticides Test, 1976
Authors: Reissig Harvey , Dunham D. H. , Hebding Harold E.
Published: March 2022

Sprays were applied dilute to run off with a hand sprayer (450 psi) petal fall through 6th cover sprays on May 2 1 , June 2 , June 16, June 2 9 , July 15, August 3 , and August 18. Each treatment was replicated 3 times on 6 tree plots (Mcintosh, Cortland, Rhode Island Greening, Golden Delicious, and Red Rome) arranged in a randomized block design. At harvest 150 Mcintosh and 100 Cortland apples were scored from each replication. White apple leafhoppers were counted on 25 randomly selected spur leaves from a Rhode Island Greening tree in each replication. The number of leaves infested with spotted tentiform leafminers was also recorded on these trees during a search from the ground to eye level once around the outer circumference of the canopy.
Cherry Fruit Fly Control, 1976
Authors: AliNiazee M. T.
Published: March 2022

Tests were conducted in a semi-abandoned, mixed variety cherry orchard located in Benton County, Oregon. Single-tree plots were thoroughly sprayed to the point of run-off using a powered, pull-tank type sprayer with a hand gun. Chemicals were applied at 300-350 psi pressure and a rate of about 350-400 gallons/acre. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized design. The fly emergence in the study orchard was determined by employing Zoecon's Pherocon - AM traps and treatments applied accordingly. The first spray was applied on June 4, within a week after the emergence of the first fly. The sprays were repeated on jLne 21, and July 6. Treatment effectiveness was assessed by collecting varied number of cherries (150 cherries/tree or all available fruit whichever was larger) and examining for maggots under a binocular microscope.
Gas Propelled Aerosols and Dusts Against Caribbean Fruit Flies in Simulated Aircraft Tests 1975-1976
Authors: Von Windeguth D. L. , Burditt A. K. , Arner A.
Published: March 2022

Aircraft disinsection tests were made against the Caribbean fruit fly Anastrepha suspensa (Loew) in Miami, FL. As a part of a continuing series of insecticide screening trials to evaluate the toxicants for use in the control of insects on international aircraft flights. Flies were encaged in open-ended, screened pint ice cream cartons (4 cages/test, 200 flies/cage) and the cages attached to walls within the testing space. Semi trailers (ca 2000 ft3) were used to simulate aircraft volume. Test insects were 1 to 2 weeks old, laboratory reared, fruit flies. Insecticides were formulated as aerosols or dusts. Aerosols were applied from conventional spray cans (Freon 11 and 12 propellant); dusts were "shot" from a cartrige by a CO2 or compressed air charge. Insects were removed from treated area 30 minutes after insecticide release (10 minutes in the closed test space, plus 20 minutes with the door open for ventilation of the treated space). Knock Down (KD) was recorded for the flies in the cages at 30 minutes post treatment, and mortality at 24 hr. All tests were performed at 20-25°C air temperatures inside the trailers.
Citrus Rust Mite Control, 1976
Authors: French J. Victor
Published: March 2022

Selected acaricides were evaluated in a completely randomized experiment with each treatment replicated four times in single-tree plots. Trees were 20-years-old and planted on a 30 ft × 25 ft spacing. Treatments were applied with a handgun of a John Bean Model 1010-MBTB sprayer at 225 psi, using ca 20 gal per tree. Acaricides were applied initially on May 6'76 and reapplied on Jul 27'76. Rainfall between May 6 and Jul 27 was 11.4 inches and between Jul 27 and Oct 27 was 9.8 inches. Citrus rust mites were counted at 30-day-intervals after treatment. For each count, 20-25 leaves were collected at random from each treated tree and examined microscopically. Density of live rust mites per leaf was rated on the following scale: 0 = no mites; 1 = 1-5; 2 = 6-10; and 3 = > 10 mites per leaf. Kelthane was the standard acaricide.
Commercial Evaluation of Acaricides For Rust Mite Control, 1976
Authors: French J. Victor
Published: March 2022

Each acaricide treatment was applied to a separate row of 5 - year - old grapefruit tre,es (50 trees/row). Tree spacing was 24 ft x 18 f t , with an unsprayed guard row between treatments. All applications were made by a John Bean Model-F-357-CP speed sprayer, with nozzle adjustment, pressure and speed regulated to apply 250 gal of spray per acre. Treatments were made i n i t i a l l y on May 11'76 and reapplied on Jul 22'76. Mite counts were made at 30-day-intervals after treatment. At each counting date 50-100 leaves were collected at random from each treatment and examined microscopically for rust mite. Density of l i ve rust mites per leaf was rated on the following scale: 0 = no mites; 1 = 1-5; 2 = 6-10; and 3 = ^ 1 0 mites per leaf. Acaraben was the standard acaricide.
Evaluation of Zardex on Lemons, 1976
Authors: Tuttle D. M. , Arvizo G. L.
Published: March 2022

Five treatments with Zardex were made to 2-acre plots of mature lemon trees (Eureka) in 1976 on the Yuma mesa, Yuma, AZ. The sprayers were applied with a speed sprayer using 100 gallons of spray per acre on March 17. The mite population was moderate and the number of mites on some leaves were noticeable.
Aphid Control on Louisiana Pecans, 1976
Authors: Boethel David J. , McBride Jere M. , Ezell Jim E.
Published: March 2022

Two similar but independent experiments were conducted to control yellow aphids on pecans at Monroe and Shreveport, LA. At Monroe, the experimental design was a randomized block design consisting of 2 blocks with 3 trees per treatment per block. The trees were "Stuart" and "Schley" cultivars. Applications were made on June 28 with a Meyers 2A42 sprayer with each tree receiving ca 33 gal of spray. Evaluation occurred on July 2 by counting the aphids present on 10 randomly selected compound leaves per tree. At Shreveport, the experimental design was a randomized block design consisting of 3 blocks with 2 "Success" trees per treatment per block. Applications were made July 9 with a John Bean 957 sprayer with each tree receiving ca 33 gal of spray. Evaluation occurred on July 13 by counting the aphids present on 10 randomly selected compound leaves per tree. Data were subjected to analysis of variance.
Snap Beans, Mexican Bean Beetle Control, 1974
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A.
Published: March 2022

Slender white beans were planted using a Planet Jr in 50-ft rows on 38-inch centers on August 14,1974, near Clinton, North Carolina. Eight single-row treatments arranged in a randomized block design with 3 replicates were compared to an isolated check. Soil type was Norfolk sandy loam with adequate irrigation. Insecticides were applied on 3 dates (September 3, 12, and 19) with a CO2 back pack sprayer at the rate of 100 gallons of spray per acre and 40 psi Copper Count N was applied to the check plots and included with the insecticide treatments for routine disease control. Mexican bean beetle adults were counted on 3 occasions from the entire row. A damage index was obtained on October 3 by scoring foliage damage per replication. Yields were taken by hand on October 3, 1974, (10 row feet per replicate) and weighed.
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CONTROL, SANTA MARIA VICINITY, 1976
Authors: Toscano Nick C. , Kido Ken
Published: March 2022

All materials tested were applied using a hand sprayer equippee with a compressed CO2 cylinder fitted with 2 nozzles ('8002) operated at 60 gal/A and 30 psi covering 1 bed. Each plot was 2 beds wide (40 inch bed spacing), 50 ft long and replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. The rates of application are described in the tabl which shows the comparative effectiveness of the insecticides used in this test.
Cabbage Looper Control on Lettuce, Orange County, N.Y., 1976
Authors: Schuster David J. , Straub R. W.
Published: March 2022

The test was conducted on 'iceburg' lettuce grown in organic muck. Plots were four rows, 40 ft long with four replications in randomized complete blocks. Treatments were applied through a CO2 pressurized knap-sack sprayer equipped with a four row boom and operated at 37 psi delivering 85 gpa through one overhead nozzle/row. Granules were applied through a cone seeder attachment on a Planet-Jr., and placed six inches from the plant base and two inches deep. Foliar applications were on September 10, 16, 21 and 29. Granular side-dress applications were on August 26 for single application, and August 26 and September 24 for double application. Evaluation was at harvest maturity on October 4. Data were taken from the two center rows of each plot. Samples consisted of 15 randomly selected heads/treatment and heads were considered infested if larvae or fresh larval feeding were observed.
Synthetic Pyrethroids For Cabbage Looper and Beet Armyworm Control on Leaf Lettuce, Riverside Vicinity, 1976
Authors: Toscano Nick C. , Kido Ken
Published: March 2022

The materials tested were applied using a hand sprayer equipped with a CO2 cylinder fitted with a nozzle (*8004) operated at 60 gal/A and 30 psi covering 1 bed. Each plot was 14 ft long by 1 bed (eO inch) and replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. The rates of application are described in the table which shows the comparative effectiveness of the insecticides used in this test.
Irish Potato, Control of Potato Infesting Aphids, 1976
Authors: Storch R. H. , Sewell Gary H. , Simpson Geddes W.
Published: March 2022

Experiments A, B, C, D, E, and F were 7 × 6, 4 × 6, 6 × 6, 5 × 6, 7 × 6 , and 6 × 6 randomized complete block designs respectively and were conducted at Presque Isle, Maine on land that was sown to oats in 1975. The planting date was June 4, 1976 for all experiments. In each experiment the 9.1 m space between blocks and the 1.4 m space between columns and at the sides and ends of the experiments were sown to oats at planting. Each plot consisted of 4 rows of potatoes 0.9 m apart and 15.2 m long. The 57 g healthy seed pieces were hand planted 30.5 cm apart. Fertilization and hilling practices were normal for the area. Late blight control was effected by weekly foliar applications of Rohm & Haas M 45 (2242 g ai/ha July 10 through August 31, 1976). Soil applications of insecticides were made by hand with a plastic tube applying previously weighed amounts of insecticide into the furrow just prior to planting. Foliar insecticide treatments were made with a Slosser sprayer (14.1 kg/cm2 and 1.2kl/ha) in combination with the fungicide. Numbers of aphids (by species) were counted on a top, middle, and bottom leaf of 25 plants in the 2 middle rows of each plot. When date of count and application are the same, aphid counts were made prior to application of the insecticide. Analyses of variance were calculated following transformation of the raw data using log10,(x + 1)- Means of the total number of wingless aphids were compared using Duncan's new multiple range test and then reconverted as given in the Table. The soil was classified as Caribou Loam, pH 5.2. Rainfall for June, July, and August was 112, 140, and 174 percent of normal. Temperature for the same 3 months departed + 3.5°, + 1.0°, and 0.0°C from normal.
Potato Fleabeetle and Potato Leafhopper Control on Mineral Soil-Grown Potatoes By Foliar Sprays, Freeville, New York, 1976
Authors: Tingey W. M. , Bergman J. M. , English L. H.
Published: March 2022

'Katahdin' potatoes were planted June 5, 1976, in Phelps gravelly silt loam soil at a spacing of 9 to 12 inches within the row. Individual plots were 2 rows wide, 40 ft in length with 34 inch row spacing and separated by 2 skip rows. A randomized complete block experimental design with 4 replications was used. Fertilization consisted of 1250 lbs/A of 12-24-12 NPK in 2, in-row side-bands at planting. Granular EPTC at 3.0 lb ai/Awas applied on May 28, 1976 for weed control. Mancozeb at 1.6 lb ai/A at weekly intervals was used for control of late blight. Foliar sprays were applied by tractor-mounted boom sprayer at 250 psi and 100 gal/A. Plots were not irrigated; rainfall (inches) during the growing period was: June (5.4), July (4.7), August (2.8), Total (12.9). Insect collection was by the D-vac vacuum collection method; samples were taken from 10, randomly-selected sites/plot, with 3 bounces/site.
Evaluation of Insecticides To Control The Sugarbeet Root Maggot, 1975
Authors: Anderson A. W. , Carlson R. B. , Dregseth R.
Published: March 2022

American Crystal hybrid 2B sugarbeets were planted May 25 in Bearden silt loam soil with good soil moisture at St. Thomas, ND, in two row plots 100 ft long with a 22 inch row spacing. Each treated plot was separated by two rows of untreated beets. Granular materials were applied in 5 to 7 inch bands ahead of the press wheel and lightly incorporated with drag chains. Post-emergence applications were applied June 12 in a 5 inch band over the row and lightly incorporated with drag chains. Injury to the beet plants from drag chains was minimal. Treatments were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. The experiment was conducted under dryland conditions. Above normal rainfall was recorded during June and July. Sugarbeet root maggot populations were high with a range of 35 to 70 maggots per beet in untreated beets recorded on July 2 . Damage ratings were taken July 15 by evaluating 8 beets from each plot on a scale of 1-4 (I = no damage; 2 = slight damage, less than 3 small scars; 3 = moderate damage, less than 1/2 of the root surface damaged; 4 = heavy damage, more than 1/2 of the root surface damaged, the plant dead or dying). Treatments were evaluated from yield estimates based on two 36 foot samples per plot (721) from treated rows on October 6, 1975.
Sweet Potato Weevil Control, 1976
Authors: Waddill Van
Published: March 2022

Six inch stem cuttings of Nancy Hall variety sweet potatoes were dipped in insecticide solutions (Table 1) and allowed to dry. The cuttings were then placed in cylindrical screened cages (height = 17 cm, diameter = 8.5 cm) and maintained with the lower 1 in. in a small jar of water. These cages were kept in a greenhouse. Each treatment was replicated 5 times and arranged in a completely random design. Ten field collected sweet potato weevils were introduced into each cage at the following post-drying times: 1, 7, 14, 2 1 , 28, and 35 d. The numbers of dead weevils were recorded 4 days after introduction. Sweet potatoes (Purple Stem) for the field trial were planted 1 ft apart on Aug 26, 1975 in Rockdale soil. Plots were single rows on 8 ft centers, 25 ft long with 4 replications in randomized complete blocks. Treatments (Table 2) were applied every 3 weeks with a tractor mounted sprayer with 5 nozzles per row which delivered 100 gal wafer per acre with 250 psi pressure. A tofal of 9 applications were made. The plots were harvested Mar 26, 1976. Six pounds of potatoes (3 two lb samples) were collected from each plot and held in paper bags in the laboratory (approximately 75° F). The bags were inspected periodically and the number of weevils emerging over a 28 day period recorded.
Evaluation of Insecticides For Control of Insect Pests of Tomatoes, 1976
Authors: Waddill Van
Published: March 2022

Two tests were conducted at Homestead for control of several insects on tomatoes. The plots were direct seeded Sep 15, 1975 in Rockdale soil and later thinned, leaving a density of 1 plant per ft . Plots consisted of single rows on 6 ft centers 15 ft long. There were 4 replications per treatment in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied weekly from Nov 13 to Jan 15 with a tractor mounted sprayer with 5 nozzles per row. Treatments were applied at a pressure of 250 psi in 100 gal of water per acre. On Dec 16 the number of leafminer mines and green peach aphids per terminal trifoliate of 10 randomly selected leaves per plot were counted. Tomatoes were harvested Jan 12 and 21 . The percent Southern armyworm damaged fruit was determined by examining 25 randomly selected fruit from each plot on each harvest date. Tomatoes for Test 2 were seeded Jan 12, 1976 in Rockdale soil. Plant density, plot size, statistical design, number of replications, application schedule, equipment used, psi, and gal per acre were the same as used in Test 1. On April 19 the number of living pinworm larvae and vegetable leafminer larvae per terminal trifoliate of 10 randomly selected leaves per plot were counted. The percent tomatoes damaged by pinworm feeding was determined April 16 by randomly selecting 10 mature green fruit per plot. Duncan's multiple range test was used to separate treatment means.
Evaluation of Insecticides To Control Larvae of The Corn Rootworm in Nebraska, 1976
Authors: Mayo Z. B. , Peters L. L. , Campbell J. B. , Hagen A. F. , Witkowski J. F.
Published: March 2022

Soil insecticides to control larvae of the corn rootworm were evaluated at five locations in Nebraska in 1976. Corn plots were planted May 6, May 4, May 11, May 12, and May 14 at Mead, Clay Center, North Platte, Scottsbluff, and Concord, Nebraska respectively. With the exception of the Concord test, all experiments were conducted on irrigated land. Each insecticide was applied in a seven inch band over the row (1.2 oz a.i./lOOO ft of row) at planting time and incorporated by a press wheel. Each treatment consisted of one row, 50 ft long. All experiments were arranged in randomized complete block designs with four replications/treatment. Treatments were evaluated for root damage in mid- July by digging five equally spaced plants from each row and rating the roots for rootworm feeding damage using a 1-6 damage scale (1 = minor damage; 6 = three or more root nodes destroyed). Yield was obtained by harvesting the middle 40 ft of each row and converting to bu of no. two corn/acre.
Experimental Insecticides For Control of Corn Rootworm Larvae in Illinois, 1976
Authors: Sechriest Ralph E. , Johnson Charlotte , Foster Rick
Published: March 2022

Three experimental sites were located in 1975 problem fields in northwestern Illinois. DeKalb XL-45A was planted in 36 in single row plots each 100 ft long with 3 replicates arranged in a randomized block. Seven insecticides were compared by rate and formulation to Counter and Furadan. The treatments were evaluated by stand counts, root damage ratings based on the Iowa 1-6 system, and percent of plants lodged more than 30°.
Aphid Control with Soil Applied Systemic Insecticides, Grand Rapids, 1979
Authors: Wildung David K. , Radcliffe Edward B.
Published: March 2022

Systemic insecticides were applied as in-furrow split-band treatments to 'Russet Burbank' potatoes planted May 16-17 at the North Central Experiment Station, Grand Rapids, MN. Soil type was a loamy sand with low organic matter. A sidedress application of Temik, 1 lb ai/acre, was made as split bands along the sides of the hill on Jul 11. Plots were 12-rows wide, 700-ft long, with a 40-Inch row spacing, arranged in a randomized complete block design with 5 replications. Beginning Jul 12 all plots were sprayed with carbaryl at 10-14 day intervals to reduce the numbers of aphid natural enemies. Aphid apterae were counted from 35 mid-plant leaves taken from the center 2 rows of each plot. Plots were harvested Sep 24-26 .
Beet Armyworm and Green Peach Aphid Control on Spinach, 1979
Authors: Straub Richard W.
Published: March 2022

The test was conducted on spinach planted Aug 25 in organic muck soil. Plots were single 40-ft rows with 2 replications in a randomized block design. Foliar treatments were applied through a CO2 pressurized knap-sack sprayer operated at 37 psi delivering 40 gallons/acre through 1 overhead nozzle/15 inch spaced row. Applications were made on Sep 12, 17, 21, 25 and 28. Evaluation was at harvest maturity on Oct 2. Twenty-five plants/replicate were examined for armyworm damage, and the total aphids on 5 leaves/plant from 10 random plants/replicate were counted.
Sweet Potato, Soil Insect Control, Tift Co., 1978
Authors: Chalfant Richard B. , Stacey Leon
Published: March 2022

A field (Tift loamy sand) was made into flat beds then divided into plots 4 rows (12 ft) wide and 50-ft long with 4 replications in RCB. The plots were divided into two 2-row sub plots treated and not treated with Mocap 10G at 8.0 lb ai/acre for nematode control. Each main plot was also paired with a 2-row untreated check plot. These and other insecticidal granules were broadcast over the beds by hand using a perforated can. Raised beds were then formed with a Vari-Tiller thus incorporating the granules. Sweet potato vine cuttings were transplanted the same day on Jul 25. Some plots also received granules broadcast by hand over the vines at root swelling on Sep 7. Plots were harvested on Dec 1 and 25 randomly selected roots per plant were examined for insect damage.
Control of European Corn Borers in Corn, Delaware, 1979
Authors: Graustein ( Mark R.
Published: March 2022

Plots 3 rows × 20 ft were established in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Plots were established in a commercial field near Felton, Delaware, that was planted on April 12. Treatments were applied as a whorl application, on June 13, using a wheel barrow design, CO2 sprayer with 2 nozzles per row and delivering 28 gal/acre at 40 psi. Plots were examined on June 26 and July 12 to evaluate the European corn borer infestation levels.
Wireworm Control in Field Corn, 1979
Authors: Hellman John L. , Curtis William , Venables Lee , Hochmuth Bob
Published: March 2022

The test site was located near Rising Sun, Cecil Co., Maryland. Damaged corn levels ranged from 90% to 100% at the test site and the field required replanting. Treatment plots for Test 1 measured 20 × 50 ft and were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Granular treatments were broadcast-preplant with Gandy drop spreader and the plots lightly disked before corn was replanted. In test 2, a 4 row planter was used with a different insecticide treatment in each box. 1) An untreated check, 2) Furadan was applied in furrow whereas 3) Counter and 4) Mocap in the remaining boxes were applied in a band over the row. These 4 treatments were stripped with the corn planter through a heavily infested section of the field. Treatments for both tests were applied May 31 and post treatment samples were taken June 25. Both stand and injured plant counts were taken from 75 ft of row within each plot for Test 1 and 25 ft of row in Test 2. Samples in Test 1 were taken from center 4 rows and in Test 2 collected at random within the treated field.
Field Corn, European Corn Borer Control, 1979
Authors: Pless C. D. , Shamiyeh N. B.
Published: March 2022

Soil and foliar insecticides were tested at two locations for first brood European corn borer control. Field corn 'Pioneer 3147' was planted on April 19 at Lewisburg and April 26 at Greeneville. Prior to planting, soil insecticides were applied in a 6-8 In. band and incorporated. In-whorl treatments were applied 8 weeks after planting with compressed air sprayers at 40 gal/acre. Portable CO« tanks supplied a constant sprayer tank pressure of 30 psi. Plots were 20 ft × 4 rows (40 inch spacing) with 4 replicates in a randomized complete block design. Blocks were separated by 5 ft alleys. The corn was thinned to 30 plants/20 ft row. Damage ratings were based on percent of whorls damaged and stalk feeding (average number of tunnels/10 stalks) by corn borers.
Evaluation of Acaricides on Cotton, 1979
Authors: Tuttle D. M. , Mullis C. H.
Published: March 2022

Six acaricides were applied to cotton September 21 to evaluate effectiveness for control of the carmine spider mite. The spray treatments were made with a back pack CO2 sprayer using 40 gpa and 40 psi. Plots were 20 ft long and replicated 4 times. Mite counts represent larvae, nymphs and adults.
Thrips Control in Peanuts, 1979
Authors: Mitchell Rohlfs W. , Bass Max H.
Published: March 2022

This test was conducted near Dothan, Alabama. Seven treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized com-plete block. Each of the 28 plots was 4 rows × 37 ft (1/100 acre). Treatments were applied with a CO2 sprayer ca 4 weeks after plant emergence. Insect populations were sampled on each plot by detaching 3 inch terminals from 10 randomly selected plants and striking each detached terminal 5 times on the bottom of a shallow white enamel pan. Numbers of dislodged nymphal and adult thrips were recorded.
Fall Armyworm Control in Whorl-Stage Sorghum, 1979
Authors: Gardner Wayne A. , Schwehr Robert D.
Published: March 2022

Three tests were utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of various materials in controlling fall armyworms in sorghum whorls. The tests were planted in Cecil clay soil by conventional tillage methods on July 17’79. Test 3 was ratooned and fertilized on Sept 7’79. Hybrids planted were Funk’s HW 1762 (Test 1) and Funk’s G522DR (Tests 2 and 3). Treatment dates for the respective tests were Aug 17V9, Aug 29’79, and Sept 28’79. Treatments were applied with compressed-air sprayers calibrated to deliver 60 gal H2O/acre. Control was evaluated 3 and 7 day postapplication by counting larvae in the whorls within a 3-m section of the middle row of each plot. All plots were 6.1 m × 3 rows. All tests incorporated a completely random design with 3 (Tests 1 and 2) or 4 (Test 3) replicates. Some natural reductions in larval numbers occurred at 7 days post-application and were probably due to increasing plant maturity beyond the whorl stage.
Apple, Timed Leafroller Treatments, 1979
Authors: Hill Clarence H. , Cobb Leonard J.
Published: March 2022

Treatments were applied to full grown (approximately 15-yr-old) semidwarf Stayman trees with a Bean 35-gal/min hydraulic sprayer operating at 540 psi. The treatments consisted of 5 single-tree replicates in a randomized complete block design. A blank tree was used to separate all treated replicates. The trees were sprayed to run-off. Moth populations were monitored by the use of pheromone traps. Using trap catches as an indicator, the orchard was monitored for periods of peak egg hatch. Treatments were timed to coincide with first and second generation peak egg hatches. The first application was applied Jul 6 and intended to have maximum effect on the first generation of Variegated leafroller and tufted apple budmoth. The two subsequent applications were applied against the second generations on Aug 20 and Sep 4 . Other materials used in seasonal pest management were Imidan 50W (3 lb/acre) as principal insecticide on May 21, 31, Jun 12, Jul 23 and Aug 9, and captan as the main fungicide. Oil was applied on Apr 7, Phosphamidon on Apr 19 and Jun 12, and parathion on Jun 22. These materials were applied at the rate of 100 gallons per acre with a Hardie 525 airblast sprayer.
Sorghum Greenbug Control, 1979
Authors: Peters Leroy L.
Published: March 2022

Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design in Clay County, Nebraska. Plots were four rows, spaced 30 in (76.2 cm), 30 ft {9.144 m) long, replicated 5 times. The 2 center rows were used to evaluate the insect population and for yield. Granular insecticides were made with a Noble metering device mounted on the planter. Banded applications were made with a 7 in (17.5 cm) bander. In-furrow planting time applications were made by directing the insecticide delivery tube into the planter shoe just behind the seed delivery tube. Liquid insecticides were made with a compressed air-plot sprayer mounted on a high-clearance vehicle. Relative effectiveness of treatments was evaluated by counting live greenbugs on 10 plants during the first part of the season, and counting greenbugs on 5 plants during the latter part of the season. Insect counts were subjected to analysis of variance using the transformation of v X + 0.5. The means with a significant F value of 5% or less were ranked using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Plots were harvested with a combine. Moisture determination was made of each plot sample, and yield converted to pounds of 14% moisture sorghum per acre.
Soybean Looper and Podworm Control on Soybeans, 1978
Authors: Bass Max H. , Rohlfs W. M.
Published: March 2022

Soybeans were planted on May 25’78, at the E. V. Smith Research Center at Millstead, AL. This test was initiated on Aug 30’78, when 48 plots were deliniated and treated. Each plot measured 33 ft by 4 rows (40-in centers). Experi-mental design was a randomized complete block, 4 blocks each with 12 treatments. Treatments are given in Hie tables. Treatments were applied to post-bloom plants with a CO2 sprayer delivering 12 gal of mixed spray per acre. Post-treatment population counts were taken 24 hr after treatment as follows: a 3-ft drop cloth was placed between 2 rows, bean plants on both rows were shaken over the cloth (thus sampling 6-row-ft), soybean loopers and podworms falling en the cloth were identified Qnd their numbers recorded. This was done 3 times in each plot for a total sample of 18-row- ft/plot.
Green Peach Aphid Control in the Greenhouse, Georgia, 1979
Authors: Oetting Ronald D.
Published: March 2022

Six insecticides were evaluated for efficacy in controlling aphids on ornamental plants. Foliar sprays were applied to the point of run-off on chrysanthemum and polka-dot plants grown in Metro Mix 300 in 115 mm sq pots maintained on raised greenhouse benches. Treatment plots were single plants replicated 4 (chrysanthemums) and 6 (polka-dot) times. Treatments were ap-plied Feb 2’79 at a temperature of 25 C on polka-dot plants and Feb 16’79 at 27 C on chrysanthemums with a hand C02 sprayer at 30 psi utilizing a 8003 nozzle. Efficacy was evaluated by counting the aphids on the lower surface of 1 leaf/chrysanthemum plant or 2 leaves/polka-dot plant. Chrysanthemum plants were sprayed with benomyl for powdery mildew control on Feb 27.
Apple, Ovicidal Effects of Lannate-L, 1979
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , McCaffrey J. P. , Parrella M. P. , Ponton L. F.
Published: March 2022

Egg masses of females of P. flavedana from the overwintering and first generation were treated with Lannate L to assess ovicidal activity. Lannate L (dilute rate of 0.95 liter/378.5 liter = 2 pt/100 gal) was applied as a 6X concentrate (467.69 liter/ha) with a Swanson truck-mounted airblast sprayer operating at 7.04 kg/cm . On Jun 14 egg masses of the overwintering generation (Experiment 1) were collected from Red Delicious trees with their associated leaf clusters and taped to other Red Delicious trees in an optimum position for spray coverage (outer periphery of tree facing spray). Following spraying and 15 minutes' drying, clusters were returned to an open-air insectary. They were maintained in ventilated, 50-dram, clear plastic cages until egg hatch. Similar water-treated controls were established. On Jul 27 egg masses of the first generation females (Experiment 2) were located on Red Delicious trees in the same orchard as Experiment 1, tagged for identification, and sprayed in their natural positions on the tree. Only one side of the tree was sprayed. The egg masses were left on the tree to hatch. Water controls were treated in a similar manner. There were 15 replicates of the Lannate L treatment in Experiments 1 and 2 and there were 17 and 12 replicates of the water control for Experiment 1 and 2, respectively. Data were collected as percent hatch. The effects of Lannate L on the eggs of two important orchard insect and mite predators, O^ insidlosus and L. mali were assessed (Experiment3). L. mali females were allowed to oviposit on mite-infested apple leaves in the laboratory. Leaves (with the eggs in situ along the leaf midvein) were dipped in the appropriate concentration of Lannate L or a water control. The leaves were maintained with their petioles in water for 5 da, after which the eggs were transferred to moist filter paper in a petri dish held at 23.9 ± 1°C. Eclosion was recorded for 10 da.O. insidiosus oviposits eggs in the leaf midvein with only the operculum exposed. preliminary studies showed high mortality of controls due to shrinkage of the leaf midvein.To circumvent this O. insidiosus was allowed to oviposit in green bean pods which did not shrink. The pods were then dipped and hatch was recorded over a 14-do period. Data for J., moli and (X jnsidiosus were recorded as percent hatch.
Euonymus, Euonymus Scale, 1979
Authors: Schultz P. B. , Parnell L. A.
Published: March 2022

A row of 45 Euonymus japonica plants, ca. 3 ft. high uniformly infested with scale, were selected for treatment. Insecticides were applied on May 7 using a 1-gallon B & G compressed air sprayer at 30 psi. Plants were treated to runoff. On May 29, survival was deter-mined by collecting 6 15-cm twigs from each insecticide treatment and counting the settled female crawlers.
Foliage Plants, T. Urticae Control, Wooster, Ohio, 1978
Authors: Lindquist Richard K.
Published: March 2022

Several insecticides and miticides were applied at different rates as foliar sprays or granules on 4 species of greenhouse-grown foliage plants at the OARDC. All materials were applied at 1/2X, IX, and 4X for efficacy and phytotoxicity evaluations. Foliar sprays were applied to runoff with a CO2 sprayer at 40 psi. Granules were applied to the growing media surface and watered in. Soil drenches were applied at the rate of 120 ml/pot. Data are means of 4 replications, with mites recorded from 1, 2, or 5 leaves / rep, depending on plant species.
Phytotoxicity Test, Ohio, 1978
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. , Boggs J. F.
Published: March 2022

Alfatox and 4 formulations of carbaryl were evaluated for phytotoxicity on 15 species and cultivars of woody ornamentals nursery crops growing in containers in a northeastern Ohio nursery. Insecticides were applied July 18, under sunny skies at ca 24°C and no wind. Each experimental rate was applied to 4 single plant replicates using a CO2 compression sprayer with an 8004 TeeJet nozzle at 40 psi, and spraying to runoff. Plants were examined 1,3,7,14 and 28 days after treatment for phyfotoxic effects.
Apple, Leafroller and Codling Moth Control Programs, 1979
Authors: Hoying S. A . , Riedle Helmut , Pickel C.
Published: March 2022

Seven insecticides were evaluated for control of leofrollers and codling moth near Watsonville, California, on 6-yr-old Newtown Pippin trees. Plots with 20 trees (4 × 5) were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. At least 2 unsprayed buffer rows surrounded each plot. Sprays were applied until run-off with a hydraulic handgun sprayer operating at 300 psi. All sprays were applied 4 times during the season: Apr 21, May 22, Jun 29, and Aug 1. Evaluations made at midseason (Jun 29) and harvest (Sep 18) consisted of 300 fruit/treatment. Leaf samples (180/treatment) were taken at ca. monthly intervals to monitor mite activity.
Control of Adult Root Weevil Damage on Rhododendron Leaves in Washington, 1977-78
Authors: Lee Campbell R.
Published: March 2022

Rhododendrons in a heavily infested landscape situation were selected for this trial on the basis of substantial previous-year damage. There were four single-plant replicates per treatment in a completely randomized design. Treatment dates were June 14, July 7, Aug 11, and Sept 16'77. Sprays were applied to runoff with a hand-pumped compressed air sprayer and granules were applied by shaker onto a 9 sq ft area around the plant.
European Crane Fly Control in Washington, 1979
Authors: Lee Campbell R.
Published: March 2022

Data on various turf insecticide formulations was obtained from trials on golf courses at Useless Bay and at Snohomish. Larval populations were rather low at Useless Bay and the treatment date for Snohomish was about one month past optimum. Treatments were the same in both trials, including the same experimental design - completely randomized with four replications of each treatment. Liquid for-mulations were applied at the rate of 30 gal per 1000 sq ft, except for the last one listed, which was applied at 15 gal per 1000 sq ft. Granular formulations were watered-in with 30 gal per 1000 sq ft. Sampling was done by counting the number of living crane fly larvae in five 0.09 sq ft soil cores per plot. Treat-ment dates were Apr 23'79 at Useless Bay and May 17'79 at Snohomish. Sample dates were Jun 4'79 and Jun 6'79.
Bermudagrass, Evaluation of Trichlorfon and Parathion for Leafhoppers, Tifton, 1978
Authors: Martin P. B. , Lynch R. E. , Monson W. G. , Garner J.
Published: March 2022

One hundred × 100 ft plots were arranged as 5 replications in a randomized complete block design in a large coastal bermudagrass hay pasture near Tifton, GA. The following treatments were applied (Sep 7 and 14'78) with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer as 23 gallons of liquid/acre (at 30 psi through 8004 flat spray tips): (1.) Dylox (80% SP) - 1.00 lb ai/acre, (2.) Parathion (E-4) - 0.50 Ib'ai/acre, and (3.) untreated control. Insects were sampled by taking 25 sweeps with a 15 in. (in dia.) net across each plot, placing them in plastic bags, and counting in the laboratory. Yields were estimated by clipping 262 sq ft of grass in 2 diagonal strips (1.75 × 75 ft across each plot) with a Sensation mower. Sub-samples (ca. 200-300 g) were taken and dryed for 48 hr to calculate percent dry matter. Larger samples (ca. 1-1.5 kg) were held for determination of invitro dry matter-digestibility. Also, areas 2 sq ft were clipped ca. 2 in. from the ground for leaf-stem ratio determinations.
Mole Cricket Control, Gainesville, Florida, 1978
Authors: Short D. E. , Koehler P. G.
Published: March 2022

Experiments were conducted on 3 golf courses in the Gainesville area during 1978 to evaluate the efficacy of insecticide sprays, granules, and baits for control of mole crickets. The sites selected were severely damaged bermudagrass fairways. In each of the 3 experiments, 85 plots, measuring 10 × 10 ft separated by 3 ft borders, were treated. Each experiment was designed as a randomized complete block with 17 treatments replicated 5 times. The same pesticide formulations and rates were used in the three experiments. Insecticides were applied Aug 22 on one golf course and two golf courses were treated Aug 23. Baits and granules were applied by hand and sprays were applied with a 2 gal watering can. Plots treated with sprays or granules were irrigated with ca. 0.5 inch of water immediately following application. Plots treated with baits were irrigated with 0.5 inch water prior to treatment. For the first three days following application, dead or moribund mole crickets found on the soil surface were counted and removed from each plot. The data was analyzed by analysis of variance and means of separated by Duncan's Multiple Range Test.
Kentucky Bluegrass, Armyworm Control, 1979
Authors: Schuder Donald L.
Published: March 2022

A series of 33 treatments were applied to a Kentucky bluegrass lawn at the Federated Church in West Lafayette, Indiana on June 6-7'79. Plots were 7 by 14 feet and the experiment was replicated five times. Sprays were applied with a boom mounted on a bicycle wheeled type frame. A pressure of 30 psi was maintained with a CO2 tank. Granular applications were made with a 7 foot wide John Deere granular applicator mounted on a bicycle wheeled type frame. Temperatures at the time of application were 84 - 87° F. Half of each plot was sampled on July 5 and Aug 2 by applying a mixture of “Diagnostic Aid” and water to half of the plot with a sprinkling can and counting the number of larvae that emerged.
Apple, Pyrethroid Test, 1979
Authors: Hull Larry A.
Published: March 2022

Various pyrethroid insecticide schedules were evaluated for insect control and their influence on the mite predator, Strethoruspunctum. Sprays were applied to 2-tree plots in a randomized block design with each plot consisting of a Golden Delicious and a Red Delicious tree. Each treatment was replicated 3 times. Treatments were applied with a Friend Airmaster 393 sprayer at 25 gpa/alternate side spray driven at 2.3 mph. Spray dates for the treatments were: May 30, Jun 8, 20, 28, July 9, 19, 30, Aug 10, 20, and 31. Spray dates for the Pydrin treatments at 0.025 and 0.05 lb ai/acre/half-spray were: May 30, Jun 13, 28, Jul 12, 26, Aug 10, and 25. Fungicides applied duri ng the season were: Cyprex, Polyram, sulfur, captan, and zineb. Average temperatures were: May 60.3°F, Jun 66.2°F, Jul 70.8°F, Aug 71.3°F, and Sep 64.3°F. Rainfall in inches averaged: May 4.03, Jun 2.41, Jul 3.19, Aug 4.88, and Sep 8.99. Effectiveness of the test chemicals on the European red mite was evaluated by counting the mites several times during the season on samples of 15 leaves/tree, 90 leaves/treatment. The effect of sprays on the predator S. punctum was evaluated by 3-min counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of the test trees. The effect of sprays on the fruit feeders was assessed by scoring for injury all drops after July 16 and 2 pick samples on Aug 23 and Sep 13. Apple samples averaged 222 fruits/replicate and 666/treafment. Pest pressure was light throughout the season.
Control of Grasshoppers on Rangeland With Carbaryl, 1979
Authors: Onsager Jerome A.
Published: March 2022

The Sevin-4-oil and UCSF-1 formulations of carbaryl were applied at 4 and 8 oz Al/acre to 4 square 10-acre plots near Melville, Montana on July 19'79. All dosages were diluted with water (2% Triron-X 190 was used to emulsify the Sevin-4-oil) and applied in 1 qr of fluid/acre with a Cessna Ag-wagon aircraft at 38 PSI pressure through Spraying Systems D-6 nozzles and no. 45 course spinners. Flight speed was 125 mph, flight height was 100 ft, and swath width was 95 ft. All nozzles were directed 45� down and back. Results were assessed by counting grasshoppers in 50 estimated 1 -sq ft quadrats in each experimental plot and also in 4 untreated areas outside of but contiguous to the treated areas. Counts were taken before treatment and at 5, 9, and 12 days posttreatment. The above species comprised 85% of the infestation and were predominantly 5th instars at the time of treatment. Precount densities averaged 4.4/sq yd, which was not an economical infestation but which was sufficient for experimental purposes. All post treatment densities were expressed as percentage control based on the percounts in the same plot, were transformed to arcsin X, and were analysed as a split plot in time, with treatments considered as main plots and the 3 sampling dates as subplots. After analysis and determination of significant differences, means were retransformed back to percentages (see table).
Range, Stink Bug Breeding on Russian Thistle and Control, 1978
Authors: Stern V. M. , Leigh T. F.
Published: March 2022

This test was conducted on range land on the west side of the San Joaquin Valley, CA. The materials were applied by rotary-wing aircraft (helicopter) at 10 g/ac of finished spray to non-replicated plots 150 ft wide and 500 ft long. Wind was estimated at less than 3-5 MPH during application. Plots could not be replicated because beef cattle were feeding on the large cattle ranch surrounding the small treatment area which was fenced off. The reason for the expedience of the test is that the foothills on the west side of the San Joaquin Valley have a normal rainfall of ca. 6-7 in/yr. In 1978 rainfall was 20-22 inch which fostered an unprecedented growth and abundance of Russian thistle. Tremendous numbers of Say stink bug were breeding on thousands of acres of this thistle. We expected the bugs would migrate into the irrigated crop land of the Valley when the thistle began to dry up and cause damage to cotton and alfalfa seed. Since the Say stick bug only builds to high numbers infrequently no information is available on their control with the more recently developed insecticides. Treatments were applied on July 18’78. Ten single plant samples were taken in the middle of each treatment. This was done by carefully slipping a standard sweep net (15 in. dia hoop) under a Rissian thistle plant and holding the net In place while beating the thistle with a baseball bat at 6 swats per sample. All thistle plants sampled were ca. 3 ft tall. Adult stink bugs predominated although there were some 3-5th Instar nymphs.
Mite Control of Fraser Fir With Aldicarb, South Windsor, Connecticut, 1977-78
Authors: Ahrens J. F.
Published: March 2022

Spider mite populations build up in the spring and fall causing serious damage to plantations of Fraser fir and greatly reducing their value as Christmas trees. Granular aldicarb (Temik 10G) was applied on Apr 19'77 in single auger holes 4 in deep at the drip line of Fraser fir 3 to 6 ft tall, spaced at 5 ft × 6 ft. The soil type was a Narragansett silt loam. The holes were closed with a kick of the heel. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block with 20 trees per plot and four replicates. Un-treated border rows separated the plots. On June 29’77 samples of 50 twigs of current season's growth were taken from each plot and preserved in 70% ethanol for later counting of spider mites. Some plots were retreated with aldicarb on Apr 12×78 on trees 4 to 7 ft tall. On Sept 6×78 we evaluated the percentage infestation of each tree.
Insectici Des for Control of Cat Flea Larvae, 1979
Authors: Silverman Jules , Reierso Donald A. , Rust Michael K.
Published: March 2022

Late 2nd-early 3rd instar cat flea larvae were exposed to a series of insecticides on Whatman No. 42 filter paper. The larvae were obtained from laboratory colonies maintained by standard rearing procedures with caged house cats. Series of dilutions of aqueous preparations of insecticides were applied with a pipette so that ca 74.6 mg Al/ft2 was deposited when a 1% solution was used. Ficam is currently registered for flea control indoors and is recommended at ca II .8 mg Al/ft2 of carpet. Treated paper was allowed to dry for 24 hrs. Discs of paper, placed treated surface up at the bottom of glass 0.79-in diam stendor dishes, were held flat in the dishes with a narrow bead of paraffin. Ten larvae (n=3) were exposed to each uncovered deposit for 6 hrs. Exposed larvae were subsequently placed in plastic vials containing a small amount of san to allow pupation. Percent pupation was used as an index of insecticidal activity in order to consider the effects of delayed larval toxicity. Insecticide deposits aged for I and 21 da were tested. Each treated disc was tested only once. Deposits were aged in a wooden closet in a room held at ca 22° C. Constant environmental conditions (27° C, 75% RH) were maintained during rearing and insecticide testing.