bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temporal existentiality: the objectification of subjectivity
Authors: Serova Natalia , Pendurina Lyudmila , Fedoseenkov Alexander
Published: November 2019

The turn from mass consumption to the creation of new and unique works in the development of contemporary culture, education and science is more and more clearly outlined. It is important to change not only our attitude to cultural and scientific achievements, but also to the person who creates them. The problem of temporality in its counteraction to objectification of human existence is considered in the article. The reasons for objectification of human subjectivity are analyzed and its mechanisms are revealed. The essence of the dilemma of objective and subjective time is revealed. There is the result of identification of the attributive properties of temporality. The unity of all modes of temporality, its ecstatic and constitutional nature are among them. The authors conclude that the study of the problem of temporality is an important step towards changing the consumer attitude of a person to culture and to himself. He must comprehend his own temporal nature as a condition for creative activity, which is highly valued in the modern culture, oriented by innovations.
Ontological and socio-cultural foundations of inter-generated discourse
Authors: Isakova Natalya , Nikitin Grigory , Yakovleva Elena
Published: November 2019

The article is devoted to understanding the problems of intergenerational discourse and its transformation in ontological and socio-cultural reality. The paper substantiates the need to maintain the mechanism of accumulation and reproduction of the experience of ancestors. It is shown that the violation of the knowledge transfer and traditions leads to the distortion or disappearance of universal cultural codes. The characteristic features of the culturological, psychological and demographic approaches are analyzed, the combination of which allows a more thorough study of the problem posed: to show the influence of historical and socio-cultural transformations on the characteristics of interaction between generations, to determine the form of transfer and assimilation of experience within the family, to demonstrate the socially significant consequences of the demographic revolution. The authors note the importance of maintaining communication between generations, which is a necessary condition for the further development and functioning of society.
To the question of old beleivers’faith in the Russian society at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries (researcher’s view of A. S. Prugavin)
Authors: Kuznetsova Natalya
Published: November 2019

The article analyzes the views of the religiosity researcher - A. S. Prugavin on the Old Believers as part of society in the Russian Empire at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. Data from the works of a religious scholar are given, unpublished materials identified by the author in the Russian State Archive of Literature and Arts (RSALA) in Prugavin's personal fund are analyzed. A comprehensive analysis of the researcher's materials allows us to note that Prugavin set himself broad tasks and used an integrated approach for research. He sought not only to understand the religious life of the Old Believers from within, but also to systematize the ways of studying this phenomenon in Russian society, classify the rumors in this social group, and determine the significance of the Old Believers for the country. Prugavin polemicized both with representatives of the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC), whose view of the Old Believers remained sharply negative, and with representatives of the authorities who perceived the Old Believers as an element heterogeneous and dangerous to society. The author concludes that, as a researcher of the religious issue in Russia, Prugavin, thanks to the global approach to work, was able to make as deep as possible an analysis of the Old Believer issue of interest to him. The religious scholar came to the conclusion that, despite the propaganda of the Russian Orthodox Church and the official authorities, the Old Believers should not be included in the category of ―dangerous, alien element‖ for Russian society. Despite all the dissimilarity of the Old Believers to the traditional Orthodox population of Russia and the difficulty in their relations with the state, the Old Believers were one of the most educated and thinking sections of the country's population.
On the issue of scientific research of rural youth of Yakutia 1970-1980-s
Authors: Egorov Petr , Adamenko Anna , Ermolaev Terenty
Published: November 2019

The article discusses the history of the study of rural youth in Yakutia in the 70-80s. XX century through a historiographic review of scientific works on the youth problem. During the period under review, the role of rural youth increased, she began to actively participate in the socio-economic processes taking place in the countryside, and represented a significant share and the main resource of labor replenishment for the agricultural sector of the economy.

In studies of the 70s - early 80s. emphasis was placed on the social aspects of scientific and technological progress, the impact of industrialization and intensification of agricultural production on the social structure of the rural population, and the improvement of its professional, cultural and technical level.

Since the mid-1980s, research has begun to raise many complex problems related to rural lifestyles, and especially on such important changes as rural life, spiritual and material needs and needs of various population groups, in particular rural youth, factors and prospects of youth movement between the village and the city.

It was established that scientific research allowed to expand scientific ideas about the rural youth of Yakutia, its social dynamics, determining its place and role in society.
Art pedagogy in preschool education: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Zhitnaya Inna , Lysenko Anna , Levshina Anastasia , Kiseleva Irina
Published: November 2019

The article considers issues related to the development of a creatively active personality of a preschool child through art pedagogy. The essence, goals and objectives of art pedagogy in the context of preschool education are determined. Possible problems of art pedagogy technologies’ implementation are highlighted: at the organization level of the subject-spatial environment, the readiness of children, teachers and parents. The ways and means of resolving the identified problems are also presented: systematic work with teachers and parents included in joint parent-child projects and ways of transforming the developing subject-spatial environment in preschool educational organizations is proposed. The Reggio approach is presented as one of the most successful forms of implementation: the international experience of applying this approach in preschool organizations is described. Also presented is the practice of Reggio approach implementing on line with art pedagogy in working with teachers and parents, carried out at the Southern Federal University in the form of a short-term project.
Parent choice: child or career?
Authors: Kulikovskaya Irina , Chumicheva Raisa , Kudinova Lyudmila
Published: November 2019

The article deals with the issues of global challenges that determine the systemic risks of family and childhood. The main risks are identified gaps in child-adult relationships, the parents’ choice between career or family, ways to resolve personal and professional problems in a family. The models of parenting and the model of psychological and pedagogical support and family assistance to parents in questions of the professional implementation and upbringing of the child, the harmonization of parent-child relationships are described.
Erfassung therapeutischer Kompetenzen in der Forschung und Praxis
Authors: Weck Florian , Wald Annette , Kühne Franziska
Published: November 2019

Unter dem Begriff „psychotherapeutische Kompetenzen“ können unterschiedliche Eigenschaften und Verhaltensweisen von Therapeuten verstanden werden. Um zielgerichtet aus- und weiterbilden zu können, erscheint eine Definition relevanter Kompetenzen im Rahmen psychotherapeutischer Behandlungen als unabdingbare Voraussetzung. Zusätzlich ist es wichtig, eine zuverlässige Messung therapeutischer Kompetenzen zu ermöglichen.
Halo Fixator and Halo Traction – Value for the Treatment of Spinal Disorders in Childhood
Authors: Heyde Christoph Eckhard , Krause Matthias , Jarvers Jan-Sven Gilbert , Spiegl Ulrich Josef Albert , Völker Anna , Glasmacher Stefan , Josten Christoph , von der Höh Nicolas H.
Published: November 2019

The application of the Halo fixateur in case of spinal pathologies in childhood is a standardized technique. The halo fixateur may be used for treatment of injuries of the cervical spine, for additional stabilization following extended surgery at the cervical spine and their transitional regions as well as to achieve preoperative reduction in case of severe and rigid deformity. These indications are, referred to the early age, rare. However, the successful use of the Halo fixateur presumes a certain familiarity with the device and experiences regarding the underlying diseases to minimize related risks and to avoid possible complications. In this article the use and specific features regarding the application of the halo fixateur in childhood based on presented cases and the literature will be discussed.
Direct Oxidative Dearomatization of Indoles with Aromatic Ketones: Rapid Access to 2,2-Disubstituted Indolin-3-ones
Authors: Liu Jiarun , Huang Jiancheng , Jia Kuiyong , Du Tianxing , Zhao Changyin , Zhu Rongxiu , Liu Xigong
Published: November 2019

A metal-free oxidative dearomatization of indoles with aromatic ketones mediated by TEMPO oxoammonium salt is described. The dearomatization proceeds smoothly and displays a broad substrate scope with respect to both indoles and aromatic ketones in the presence of H2SO4, affording the corresponding 2,2-disubstituted indolin-3-ones in good yields.
Quantitative Analysis of Superb Microvascular Imaging versus Color-Coded Doppler Sonography for Preoperative Evaluation of Vascularization of Schwannomas
Authors: Kloth Christopher , Eissler Alexandra , Schmidberger Julian , Gräter Tillmann , Scheuerle Angelika , Kratzer Wolfgang , Pedro Maria Teresa
Published: November 2019

Purpose Comparison of vascularization of schwannomas, benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors, using color-coded Doppler sonography (CCDS) and the Toshiba monochrome Superb Microvascular Imaging (mSMI) (Minato, Tokyo, Japan) technique.

Methods In a retrospective single-center analysis, 16 patients were identified with histologically confirmed schwannomas. Between March and June 2018, all of them underwent ultrasonography using mSMI and CCDS before surgery. Schwannoma vascularization was quantitatively measured using ImageJ, an open platform for scientific image analysis. As the diagnostic gold standard, magnetic resonance imaging was mandatory.

Results The mSMI and CCDS vascularization showed a moderate agreement between the techniques (κ = 0.5556; p = 0.0066). The quantitative visual assessment of the vascularization revealed no difference (25.3 ± 8.2 vs. 18.2 ± 3.8; p = 0.0532). Significant differences were found for the quantitative assessment of CCDS with ImageJ (26.8 ± 8.8 vs. 19.3 ± 2.8; p = 0.0368). However, in a subanalysis of highly vascularized schwannomas, mSMI revealed significant differences to slightly vascularized schwannomas (32.0 ± 8.2 vs. 21.3 ± 6.1; p = 0.0065) but not between moderately and slightly vascularized types (p = not significant).

Conclusion The mSMI mode is qualitatively superior to conventional CCDS; however, quantitative analysis of the vascularization of schwannomas revealed no significant quantitative advantage for mSMI. Nevertheless, the mean ImageJ values showed a positive trend toward a better representation of the vascularization degree of schwannomas with mSMI.
High-Performance Ternary Organic Solar Cells Enabled by Combining Fullerene and Nonfullerene Electron Acceptors
Authors: Zhang Jianyun , Liu Wenrui , Xu Shengjie , Zhu Xiaozhang
Published: November 2019

Recently, by elaborately designing nonfullerene acceptors and selecting suitable polymer donors great progresses have been made towards binary organic solar cells (OSCs) with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) over 15%. Ternary organic photovoltaics by introducing a third component into the host binary system is recognized to be highly effective to elevate the performance through extending the light absorption, manipulating the recombination behavior of the carriers, and improving the morphology of the active layer. In this work, we synthesized a new electron-acceptor ZITI-4F matching it with the wide-bandgap polymer donor PBDB-T The PBDB-T:ZITI-4F-based OSC showed a high PCE of 12.33%. After introducing 40% of PC71BM as the third component, the ternary device achieved an improved PCE of 13.40% with simultaneously improved photovoltaic parameters. The higher performance of the ternary device can be attributed to the improved and more balanced charge mobility, reduced bimolecular recombination, and more favorable morphology. These results indicate that the cooperation of a fullerene-based acceptor and a nonfullerene acceptor to fabricate ternary OSCs is an effective approach to optimizing morphology and therefore to increase the performance of OSCs.
Contralateral Vascularized Lymph Node Transfer: An Optimized Mouse Model
Authors: Vottero Giulia Virginia , Morfoisse Florent , Durré Tania , Blacher Silvia , Becker Guillaume , Bahri Mohamed A. , Plenevaux Alain , Noel Agnès , Nizet Jean Luc
Published: November 2019

Background Vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT) is one of the surgical options in the treatment of lymphedema, but its mechanism of action has not yet been firmly clarified. In the VLNT mouse models described so far, the lymph node flap is performed between two different sites in the same lymphedematous paw. In this study, we describe an optimized VLNT mouse model using the contralateral paw as donor site, thus removing the bias of transferring a lymph node already damaged by irradiation and/or surgery required to induce lymphedema.

Methods A lymphedema was induced on the left posterior paw in four experimental groups of mice (n = 8). Two weeks later, group 1 was the sham one, group 2 underwent a VLNT from the right inguinal region to the left, in group 3 a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C sponge was placed alone in the left inguinal region, and in group 4 a VEGF-C sponge was associated to the VLNT. The 32 mice were followed during 3 months. Outcomes included paws volume, skin quality, inflammation in the lymphedematous tissue, and lymphatic network density and function.

Results Group 4 displayed significantly higher (p < 0.05) lymphedema regression compared with the other three groups.

Conclusions This optimized mouse model of VLNT shows to be handy and effective. It could be exploited to perform further experimental studies about the influence of VLNT on lymphedema. Moreover, the local association between VLNT and biological compounds in this model allows it to be a good preclinical model to identify new potential drugs in lymphedema.
Cefepime Dosing in Neonates: What is the Evidence?
Authors: McDonald Danielle , Shah Pooja
Published: November 2019

Objective Recommended cefepime dosing strategies in neonates varies in commonly utilized dosing references with regard to dose and frequency. The objective of this review is to summarize and evaluate the available literature describing cefepime dosing in neonatal patients.

Study Design We performed a literature review in MEDLINE using the keyword cefepime. The search was limited to the English language, humans, and patients <2 months of age. We evaluated four pharmacokinetic studies and two studies describing the use of cefepime in clinical practice.

Results The available studies assessing cefepime serum concentrations in neonatal patients demonstrated maintenance of adequate pharmacokinetic parameters when utilizing a dosing frequency of every 12 hours, specifically for organisms with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ≤ 8 mg/L. In studies evaluating clinical outcomes of cefepime use in neonates, the most frequent adverse effects reported included seizures and hypophosphatemia. Microbiologic cure was demonstrated with a dosing regimen of 50 mg/kg per dose every 12 hours.

Conclusion Cefepime dosed 30 to 50 mg/kg per dose every 12 hours may be appropriate to achieve a concentration two to four times above an MIC ≤ 8 mg/L for at least 60% of the dosing interval in neonatal patients.
The Development of Necrotizing Enterocolitis Publications: A Holistic Evolution of Global Literature with Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Doğan Gül , İpek Hülya
Published: November 2019

Introduction Despite the fact that necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the reasons for morbidity and mortality in the newborn intensive care units, the literature indicates no bibliometric studies that made a holistic evaluation of the publications on this issue. This study aims to make a holistic evaluation of NEC publications to reveal the latest developments and trend topics.

Materials and Methods Bibliometric analyses were performed by retrieving all the publications in Web of Science (WoS: Web of Science Core Collection database maintained by Clarivate Analytics) database between 1980 and 2018 using the “necrotizing enterocolitis” keyword. The correlations between economic productivity, humanity index, and performances of the countries on the topic of NEC were investigated with Spearman's correlation coefficient.

Results A review of the related literature indicated 2,968 publications on NEC between 1980 and 2018. Of these publications, 1,690 (56.9%) were indexed in the article document category in WoS. There was an important increasing trend in the number of publications after 2006. Results of the present study showed that the Journal of Pediatric Surgery and Journal of Pediatrics were the top effective journal that contributed to the literature in terms of publication productivity. The top productive country that produced most publications about NEC was the United States (863, 51.1%).

Conclusion Research on NEC is conducted in a limited number of countries. There seem to be more research opportunities in the developed countries because survival rates of premature babies having a disease like NEC are lower in the undeveloped countries, and survival rates are higher in developed countries due to appropriate intensive care conditions. Therefore, undeveloped countries should be supported in terms of NEC and provided with funds.
Chylothorax: The Unusual Suspect
Authors: Madhusoodan Anusha C. , Gaude Gajanan S.
Published: November 2019

A chylothorax results when the lymphatic duct becomes disrupted. It is an uncommon and poorly described complication of both Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas of any histological type and grade. A 62-year-old female presented with dyspnea on exertion and dry cough for 15 days. Chest radiograph showed left-sided effusion. Pleural fluid reports were suggestive of chylothorax. Fluid was drained and CT thorax was performed which revealed multiple supra- and infradiaphragmatic lymphadenopathy. Left supraclavicular lymph node biopsy revealed chronic inflammation. Immunohistochemistry of the same sample was reported as non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of follicular type grade I/III (2008). Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) showed hypermetabolic areas in supra- and infradiaphragmatic lymph nodes and also in multiple bones (with surrounding regions encasement). Patient has received two cycles of chemotherapy with Bendamustine and Rituximab. She is on regular follow-up with the oncologist and doing fine.
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy in South Indian Women—Challenges and Outcomes
Authors: Mary Majella Jayaraj Cecily , Gnanavelu Ganesan
Published: November 2019

Introduction Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) continues to be a therapeutic challenge. Actual incidence is not exactly known as routine screening by echocardiogram is not recommended for all pregnant women across various parts of the world.

Aim We, in our study, report the incidence, clinical profile, and prognosis of peripartum cardiomyopathy among South Indian women in a tertiary care hospital.

Materials and Methods All pregnant ladies, referred for cardiac evaluation in the last month of pregnancy and 5 months postpartum, were included in this study. Transthoracic ehocardiography was used for the diagnosis of PPCM. The patients who were diagnosed with PPCM were followed-up clinically and echocardiographically for 1, 3, 6 months and 1 year.

Results Among 5,475 of pregnant women who were screened with transthoracic echocardiogram, 14 patients were diagnosed with PPCM (0.26%). All 14 PPCM patients presented with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or IV. The incidence of PPCM was high in primigravida in our subgroup. The thrombus burden was high, constituting 42.86% in our subgroup and mortality occurred in three patients.

Conclusion The incidence of PPCM was 0.25% in our subgroup, with high–thrombus burden. Hence, early diagnosis and proper anticoagulation is the need of the hour among appropriate patients along the heart failure management.
External jugular vein: clinical significance of variations in formation and course: a case report
Authors: KH Raviprasanna , Das Aditya Krishna
Published: November 2019

Knowledge of varying patterns of formation and termination of external jugular vein is not only important for anatomists but also for surgeons operating at this level and interventional radiologists who perform transjugular procedures. Two different variations related to formation and communications of external jugular vein were observed during routine dissection for the first MBBS students in the Department of Anatomy at Sree Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Chalakka, Ernakulum in two different cadavers. The external jugular vein had a communicating channel with cephalic vein which traversed superficial to the clavicle on right side and in second cadaver the right external jugular vein was formed by union of undivided retromandibular vein with posterior auricular vein. Knowing the venous patterns in neck region is of paramount importance in order to avoid unnecessary bleeding during surgical procedures.
Disease modeling for public health: added value, challenges, and institutional constraints
Authors: Kretzschmar Mirjam
Published: November 2019

Public health policymakers face increasingly complex questions and decisions and need to deal with an increasing quantity of data and information. For policy advisors to make use of scientific evidence and to assess available intervention options effectively and therefore indirectly for those deciding on and implementing public health policies, mathematical modeling has proven to be a useful tool. In some areas, the use of mathematical modeling for public health policy support has become standard practice at various levels of decision-making. To make use of this tool effectively within public health organizations, it is necessary to provide good infrastructure and ensure close collaboration between modelers and policymakers. Based on experience from a national public health institute, we discuss the strategic requirements for good modeling practice for public health. For modeling to be of maximal value for a public health institute, the organization and budgeting of mathematical modeling should be transparent, and a long-term strategy for how to position and develop mathematical modeling should be in place.
Correction to: Punching above their weight, but why? Explaining Denmark and Estonia in the transatlantic relationship
Authors: Wivel Anders , Crandall Matthew
Published: November 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Evidence-based law making on voluntary assisted dying
Authors: White Ben P. , Willmott Lindy
Published: November 2019

Voluntary assisted dying is a major social policy issue with significant implications for the health system, health and medical professionals and the wider community. Voluntary assisted dying is now lawful in Victoria in limited circumstances, and other states are likely to follow Victoria and legalise the practice. In the same way that we expect the making of health policy and the provision of health care to be evidence based, so too should we should expect evidence-based law making from our parliamentarians on this important topic. What is known about the topic? The importance of evidence when making health policy and providing evidence-based medical care is well accepted. Australian states are actively considering laws about voluntary assisted dying. What does this paper add? This paper argues that evidence-based law making by parliamentarians is needed as they deliberate proposed voluntary assisted dying laws. There has been limited recognition of the value of evidence-based approaches in the discipline of law. What are the implications for practitioners? A failure by parliaments to adequately consider evidence can lead to suboptimal law making. When this occurs about important health issues, such as voluntary assisted dying, it leads to problematic regulatory frameworks for patients, health professionals and health systems.
Limiting grain size through high-pressure torsion of different materials
Authors: Parvin H. , Kazeminezhad M.
Published: November 2019

The main goal of high-pressure torsion (HPT) process is to reduce the grain size. Experiments have shown that this aim is achievable, but there is a limit in reducing the grain size. The present paper investigates this limit through a thermodynamics-based model. However, this was investigated by other researches through dislocation density-based model. At first, the validity of the model in description of the limiting grain size obtainable by HPT of different materials is examined. Then, the influence of inherent material parameters is investigated. Finally, the present results are compared with those obtained by equal channel angular pressing.
Acoustic analysis of hearing aid sound therapy programs
Authors: Hong Tiffany , Ralli Massimo , Stocking Christina , Sheppard Adam
Published: November 2019

Background:

For many healthcare providers, tinnitus and hyperacusis are difficult symptoms to treat. There remains no conclusive cure for either symptom; however, helpful management strategies have been developed utilising counselling and sound therapy. Nowadays, most modern hearing aids have integrated sound therapy as a programable option; although, unlike hearing aid gain characteristics, output verification of sound therapy programs is not common practice. Recent electrophysiological studies suggest that accurately weighting the spectral content of noise in sound therapy could potentially lead to improved outcomes for tinnitus or hyperacusis patients.

Methods:

To determine if discrepancies exist between sound therapy programing software and hearing aid output, we compared the differences between software intensity settings and hearing aid outputs measured in a Verifit test box for three commonly dispensed manufactures.

Results:

Results indicate that hearing aid outputs are dramatically different from software readings, and each manufacture output was substantially different from each other. Furthermore, only one hearing aid incorporated audiometric data to normalize noise intensities across frequencies, and two of the aids reached potentially damaging levels. In sum, the data suggests clinical verification of sound therapy programs should be used to ensure the output is appropriate for individual patient’s hearing and consistent with the clinician’s desired approach to tinnitus management.
Highly symmetric and tunable tunnel couplings in InAs/InP nanowire heterostructure quantum dots
Authors: Thomas Frederick S , Baumgartner Andreas , Gubser Lukas , Jünger Christian , Fülöp Gergő , Nilsson Malin , Rossi Francesca , Zannier Valentina , Sorba Lucia , Schönenberger Christian
Published: November 2019

We present a comprehensive electrical characterization of an InAs/InP nanowire (NW) heterostructure, comprising of two InP barriers forming a quantum dot (QD), two adjacent lead segments and two metallic contacts. We demonstrate how to extract valuable quantitative information of the QD. The QD shows very regular Coulomb blockade resonances over a large gate voltage range. By analyzing the resonance line shapes, we map the evolution of the tunnel couplings from the few to the many electron regime, with electrically tunable tunnel couplings from <1 μeV to >600 μeV, and a transition from the temperature to the lifetime broadened regime. The InP segments form tunnel barriers with almost fully symmetric tunnel couplings and a barrier height of ∼350 meV. All of these findings can be understood in great detail based on the deterministic material composition and geometry. Our results demonstrate that integrated InAs/InP QDs provide a promising platform for electron tunneling spectroscopy in InAs NWs, which can readily be contacted by a variety of superconducting materials to investigate subgap states in proximitized NW regions, or be used to characterize thermoelectric nanoscale devices in the quantum regime.
Towards phonon routing: controlling propagating acoustic waves in the quantum regime
Authors: Ekström M K , Aref T , Ask A , Andersson G , Suri B , Sanada H , Johansson G , Delsing P
Published: November 2019

We explore routing of propagating phonons in analogy with previous experiments on photons. Surface acoustic waves (SAWs) in the microwave regime are scattered by a superconducting transmon qubit. The transmon can be tuned on or off resonance with the incident SAW field using an external magnetic field or the Autler–Townes effect, and thus the reflection and transmission of the SAW field can be controlled in time. We observe 80% extinction in the transmission of the low power continuous signal and a 40 ns rise time of the router. The slow propagation speed of SAWs on solid surfaces allows for in-flight manipulations of the propagating phonons. The ability to route short, 100 ns, pulses enables new functionality, for instance to catch an acoustic phonon between two qubits and then release it in a controlled direction.
Key concepts of soil physics: development, future prospects and current applications. The International Conference to commemorate the 90th anniversary of A. D. Voronin’s birth
Authors: Shoba S A , Krasilnikov P V , Umarova A B , Arkhangelskaya T A
Published: November 2019

The International Conference to commemorate the 90th anniversary of A. D. Voronin’s birth «Key concepts of soil physics: development, future prospects and current applications» was held in Moscow on May 27–31, 2019. The topics of the conference were: soil solid phase (surface phenomena, soil structure and pore space); fundamental and applied aspects of soil hydrology; migration of toxicants and salts in soil; matter and energy fluxes in soil and landscape; soil temperature and cryogenesis; spatio-temporal heterogeneity and soil evolution; mathematical modeling in soil physics and environmental science; the intra-soil physical conditions and their impact on soil biota; recultivated and urban soils; scientific and applied aspects of land reclamation; food security and digital (smart) agriculture as modern challenges of applied soil physics.
Changes in rheological behaviour of sod-podzolic and chernozem soils involved in agricultural use
Authors: Aleksandrova M S , Umarova A B , Pochatkova T N
Published: November 2019

Presented are the results of comparative studies of sod-podzolic soil, typical chernozem and chernozem merged in different land use conditions. While identifying the physicomechanical properties under loading-unloading cycle, it was revealed that the soils with the highest percentage of physical clay demonstrate a higher capability of restoring the soil structure.
Specific surface area of strongly swelling polymer hydrogels for agriculture
Authors: Bashina A S , Smagin A V , Sadovnikova N B , Belyaeva E A , Korchagina K V
Published: November 2019

The study is the first attempt in soil physics to estimate the effective specific surface area of strongly swelling polymer hydrogels as soil conditioners of a new generation. Along with the standard assessment of water vapor desorption isotherms by the BET method, a new method for determining the specific surface area deduced from the slope of water retention curves was used. Water desorption isotherms and water retention curves were obtained by a dynamic sorption equilibrium method and by a new method of thermodesorption. The specific surface area values of synthetic polymer hydrogels ranged from 468 to 1029 m2/g. An innovative Russian product VM-P with amphiphilic filler in the form of dispersed peat had the maximum specific surface area among all studied types of hydrogels. Water absorption properties and dispersion of gels have a hysteresis caused, presumably, by the dynamics of dispersion in the cycles of wetting-drying.
Copper and zinc adsorption by Chernozems of different textures
Authors: Bauer T V , Pinskii D L , Minkina T M , Zamulina I V , Sushkova S N , Zamulina I V , Mandzhieva S S , Bren D V , Barakhov A V
Published: November 2019

The dependence of Cu2+ and Zn2+ adsorption by Chernozems of the Rostov region on the soil texture was examined. The thermodynamic parameters of the Langmuir equation (Kl and C∞) were calculated for all the studied samples. According to the adsorption parameters, the metal cations were arranged in the order Cu2+ > Zn2+. The adsorption of the studied heavy metals and the strength of their fixation on the surface of soil particles decreased with a decrease in the percent of the clay fraction in the particle size distribution of the soils. A correlation analysis of the relationships between the adsorption parameters and the contents of particles <0.01 and <0.001 mm in the soil samples showed that the maximum adsorption (C∞) of the metals mainly depends on the particle size, whereas the strength of adsorption is largely controlled by the chemical and mineralogical composition of the soil particles.
Application of neural network pedotransfer functions to calculate soil water retention curve
Authors: Belik A A , Bolotov A G , Shein E V , Kokoreva A A , Levin A A , Yu Patrushev V
Published: November 2019

The results of soil hydrophysical parameters modeling by neural networks are considered. Modern computing facilities using pedotransfer functions provide simplicity, speed and cheapening of obtaining soil characteristics by mathematical calculations. The initial data are the basic properties of the soil, which are stably determined. The analysis of errors in the calculation of hydrophysical parameter was conducted. Obtained neural networks most accurately reproduce hydrophysical parameters.
Wettability of soil surface as a property of solid phase studied for Chernozems of Kursk region
Authors: Bykova G S , Tyugai Z , Yu Milanovskiy E
Published: November 2019

Soil surface wettability is the main physical property that defines organization of elementary soil particles into soil structure. Human impact affects the changing in properties of soils under arable land use. The objective of this research is to study this impact by the example of two profiles of Chernozems (Kursk region), located under the forest and at the arable field. For both profiles some soil solid phase properties (contact angle, aggregate composition, aggregate waterstability) were measured. There was a positive correlation between the content of organic matter and soil’s wettability in studied soils – a growth of contact angle with the increasing the content of organic matter. Under the forest the content of soil organic matter was changed from 6.41% on the surface to 1.9% at the depth of 100 cm. In the Chernozem under the arable land use the organic carbon content in arable horizon is almost two times less. The maximum of hydrophobicity (78.1°) was observed at the depth of 5 cm under the forest. In the profile at the arable field the contact angle value at the same depth was 50°. The results of the structure analysis showed a decrease in the content of agronomically valuable and water stable aggregates in the profile under arable land.
On several ill-posed and ill-conditioned mathematical problems of soil physics
Authors: Glagolev M V , Sabrekov A F
Published: November 2019

Several well-known mathematical models of concentration fields in the soil (both at the single aggregate and the profile scales) are considered. It is shown that the respective boundary value problems for steady-state profiles belong to the class of ill-posed problems, since their solution does not exist. It occurs because a certain set of processes (for example, diffusion transport + first-order kinetic of the consumption) restricts possible boundary conditions, which, therefore, can no longer be arbitrary. Ill-posed inverse problems are also briefly described as well as one ill-conditioned inverse problem of parameters identification for mathematical model of the soil organic matter concentration profile. Exact solution for this model is the sum of two exponents. For a certain input data it was shown that this problem belongs to the class of ill-conditioned, since a small bias in the input data causes a significantly larger error in the solution (i.e. in calculated parameters).
Ants’ nesting activity as a factor of changes in soil physical properties
Authors: Golichenkov M V , Maksimova I A , Zakalyukina Yu V , Dymova A A , Churilina A E , Kiryushin A V
Published: November 2019

In the process of nesting activity ants change the physical characteristics of the soil. We studied penetration resistance of ants’ nests, their temperature regime and particle size distribution for the nests of three soil-dwelling ants species (Lasius niger, L. flavus and Formica cunicularia). Control sites were located in different regions of Russia (Ryazan region and Arkhangelsk region) on different soils (post-agro-sod-podzol gley sandy loam on alluvial-deluvial sediments in Ryazan region and developed sod-podzolic, light loamy soil on the moraine in Arkhangelsk region). So we found out that ants can reduce the penetration resistance of the soil by 8 times compared to the control (66 kPa in control soil and 7,8 kPa in ants nests). The temperature regime of anthills is more aligned and the average temperature of ants nest was lower than in the control (21,4 °C in the control soil mound and from 20,8 °C to 17,7 °C in ants nests depending on their species). The particle size distribution, by contrast, was more variable compared to the control.
Microtomography research of physical properties of urban soil
Authors: Gorbov S N , Abrosimov K N , Bezuglova O S , Skvortsova E B , Tagiverdiev S S
Published: November 2019

Physical properties and their dynamics under anthropogenic impact are important for the rational use of urban soil and its fertility management. However, due to the urban soils anthropogenic transformation features some classical methods are not applicable in specific cases. Thus, the cutting ring method for determination a soil bulk density does not give objective results in horizons with a high proportion of anthropogenic inclusions. The microtomographic method allowed us to obtain new information on the parameters of the pore space of the humus-accumulative horizons of urban soils. It is shown that the value of closed porosity is the most informative diagnostic indicator of the soil structural condition. Simultaneously, anthropogenic transformation of the soil is accompanied by a significant change in the volume of closed pores. The diameter of macropores visible in tomographic sections increases in the sequence: Urbic Technosols, Technic Chernozems (Calcic), Haplic Chernozems (Calcic).
Spatial variability of the structural state of soils in rainfed and irrigated regions of Azerbaijan
Authors: Hummatov N G
Published: November 2019

Regularities of spatial variability of the structural state of soils in rainfed and irrigated regions of Azerbaijan are discussed with application of classical statistics and geostatistics. The highest coefficient of variation is observed for water-stable aggregates >3 mm (106 %), and the lowest – for 10-0.25 mm (7.9 %). The results of geostatistical analysis show a strong spatial dependence of the indicators of wet sieving at irrigation. Structural indicators are mainly approximated by spherical and exponential models in irrigated soils, but in rainfed conditions, by linear models.
Risk assessment of pesticide leaching into groundwater based on the results of a lysimetric experiment
Authors: Kolupaeva V N , Belik A A , Kokoreva A A , Astaikina A A
Published: November 2019

Mobility of cyanthraniliprole, paclobutrazol and metribuzin was investigated on large lysimeters of the Experimental Soil Station of Moscow State University . Pesticides were applied in recommended and tenfold rates for cyantraniliprole and paclobuyrazol and recommended and eightfold rates for metribuzin. All three pesticides were detected in leachate. Cyantraniliprole was detected in most water samples analyzed. The maximum concentrations of cyanthraniliprole in the leachate were 2.6 and 12.5 µg L−1 in lysimeters with recommended and tenfold rates, respectively. Paclobutrazol was found 3 and 7 times during the year after application in the lysimeter with recommended and increased rates in concentrations up to 26 μg L−1. Used in accordance with the regulation, metribuzin in leachate was detected once, in eightfold rate - 73% of water samples; maximum concentration was 180 µg L−1. The migration risk into groundwater of all three studied pesticides is assessed as high, risk for people as low, risk for aquatic organisms as high. Risk and danger assessment based on simulation with model PEARL and mobility indexes showed high agreement with the assessment according to the experiment.
Thermal diffusivity of Lammelic Arenosols as related to soil moisture
Authors: Lebedev A A , Arkhangelskaya T A , Pochatkova T N , Tyugai Z
Published: November 2019

This study presents the thermal diffusivity vs. moisture content curves for sandy soils of the East European Plain. Nine undisturbed soil cores 70 mm in height and 50 mm in diameter were studied in laboratory using the unsteady-state method. Thermal diffusivity of air-dry samples varied from 2.30×10−7 to 4.16×10−7 m2 s−1. The experimental moisture content – thermal diffusivity dependencies demonstrated pronounced peaks at 0.03−0.10 m3 m−3 moisture contents. Peak values of thermal diffusivity were from 8.25×10−7 to 9.86×10−7 m2 s−1. Statistical analysis was performed for 23 sandy samples including the newly studied ones and those earlier investigated with the same unsteady-state method. The ranges of sand, silt, and clay within the whole dataset were 73−97, 0−25, and 1−6%; wet bulk density varied from 1270 to 1820 kg m−3, organic carbon ranged from 0.1 to 1.7%. Each experimental curve was parameterized with a 4-parameter function. The parameters of average moisture content – thermal diffusivity dependencies were also obtained for (1) all sandy soils, (2) sandy soils with organic carbon content of 0.5% and greater, (3) sandy soils with organic carbon content less than 0.5%.
Topsoil bulk density of abandoned rural settlements of the Russian boreal zone
Authors: Martynenko I A , Meshalkina J L , Yu Goncharuk N , Butylkina M A , Bykova G S
Published: November 2019

The topsoil bulk density of two abandoned small rural settlements situated at Tver and Yaroslavl regions of Russia was studied. The key sites had light grain soil texture. They had a long history of rural land use, and they were abandoned simultaneously. There were no stone buildings. The values of the abandoned rural settlements’ topsoil bulk density are correlated with the land use type and the time of reforestation. The topsoil bulk density of the former buildings and the dirt roads was significantly higher than the one of the plough horizons of the former gardens, orchards and arable lands (1.7 and 1.4 g/cm3, respectively). Soil horizons of former buildings’ territory are characterized by coarser granulometric composition of fine-grained fraction; however, they do not differ from plough horizons in bulk density that may be related to 2-3 times higher organic carbon content.
Information indicators of soil texture for holistic numerical assessment of soil evolution
Authors: Mikheeva I
Published: November 2019

The concept of probabilistic determinism is proposed to overcome a problem of significant soil variability which complicates finding of adequate models of soil development. Probabilistic and information indicators as characteristics of evolution of complex systems expand borders of use of soil texture results, allowing correct comparison with other natural and artificial systems on the earth and other planets. Probability distributions, statistical entropy and information divergence of granulometric fractions’ contents are investigated. It is suggested to use these functions as statistical standards of granulometric composition for territory. Regularities of change of probability distribution functions and scale-independent information characteristics allowed receiving holistic numerical assessment of influence of processes of sedimentation, weathering and soil development also geological and contemporary deflation and anthropogenic impacts on probability structure of granulometric fractions contents.
Reconstruction of Late Pleistocene sedimentation environment from data on catenary differentiation of soils and sediments along the northern slope of the Klin-Dmitrov Ridge (Russia)
Authors: Rusakov A , Popov A , Pozdnyakova A
Published: November 2019

Based on analyzing the catenary sequence of soils and parent materials down the northern slope of the Klin-Dmitrov Ridge adjacent to the Upper Volga Lowland (formerly the periglacial zone of the Russian Plain), it was revealed that sediments including sandy loams, clay loams and clays, which constituted slope terraces at heights from 130 to 180 m a.s.l. and often accounted for lithic discontinuities in soil profiles, had glacio-lacustrine genesis, i.e., they had accumulated during the existence of a periglacial dammed lake at the final stages of the Late Pleistocene.
Agrogenic soil evolution of rice agrolandscapes
Authors: Kh Sheudzhen A , Gutorova O A , Shein E V , Romanenkov V A
Published: November 2019

This paper describes soil chronosequence studies relating to fertility evolution of meadow-chernozemic (Gleyic Chernozem) soil of the Kuban region. The research has been conducted in the rice irrigation system of Krasnoarmeysky district, Krasnodar Krai. Over the course of 80 years with 12-year intervals, soil was sampled from pits from the plots/checks with permanent rice cultivation, or with crop rotation as well as from fallow land. Changes of morphological, physical and physico-chemical soil characteristics were studied. Rice paddy cultivation results in removal from the plow layer organic substances, carbonates, mineral elements, and silt particles, i.e. of the components responsible for stable soil development in the irrigation system. This illustrates the expression of dehumification, lessivage, and degradation soil processes with rice cultivation permanently as a monoculture or in a crop rotation during the chronosequence study. Deterioration of the soil physical condition is one of ever-increasing factors.
Predictive ion-electrostatic model of disjoining pressure of synthetic gel structures in coarse-dispersed soil substrates
Authors: Smagin A V , Belyaeva E A , Sadovnikova N B , Sidorova M A , Kokoreva A A
Published: November 2019

The mechanism of disjoining pressure controlling the swelling and water absorption of gel structures for soil conditioning is discussed. Its quantitative description is based on the fundamental ion-electrostatic model of soil water sorption isotherms containing the phase variable of gel swelling degree and specific surface area index of the soil substrate. The model adequately reproduces the s-shape of soil water sorption isotherms in a wide range of water activity from 0.05 to 0.999 depending on the working doses of hydrogels in the range of 0.05-0.3 mass%. Reinforcement of gel structures with amphiphilic dispersed particles increases the effect of disjoining pressure and water absorption.