bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Hurricane Boundary Layer Structure during Storm Decay. Part II: Secondary Eyewall Formation
Authors: Ahern Kyle , Hart Robert E. , Bourassa Mark A.
Published: May 2022

Three-dimensional hurricane boundary layer (BL) structure is investigated during secondary eyewall formation, as portrayed in a high-resolution, full-physics simulation of Hurricane Earl (2010). This is the second part of a study on the evolution of BL structure during vortex decay. As in part 1 of this work, the BL’s azimuthal structure was linked to vertical wind shear and storm motion. Measures of shear magnitude and translational speed in Earl were comparable to Hurricane Irma (2017) in part 1, but the orientation of one vector relative to the other differed, which contributed to different structural evolutions between the two cases. Shear and storm motion influence the shape of low-level radial flow, which in turn influences patterns of spinup and spindown associated with the advection of absolute angular momentum M. Positive agradient forcing associated with the import of M in the inner core elicits dynamically restorative outflow near the BL top, which in this case was asymmetric and intense at times prior to eyewall replacement. These asymmetries associated with shear and storm motion provide an explanation for BL convergence and spinup at the BL top outside the radius of maximum wind (RMW), which affects inertial stability and agradient forcing outside the RMW in a feedback loop. The feedback process may have facilitated the development of a secondary wind maximum over approximately two days, which culminated in eyewall replacement.

Significance Statement

In this second part of a two-part study, a simulation of Hurricane Earl in 2010 is used to analyze the cylindrical structure of the lowest 2.5 km of the atmosphere, which include the boundary layer. Structure at times when Earl weakened prior to and during a secondary eyewall formation is of primary concern. During the secondary eyewall formation, wind and thermal fields had substantial azimuthal structure, which was linked to the state of the environment. It is found that the azimuthal structure could be important to how the secondary eyewall formed in this simulation. A discussion and motivation for further investigating the lower-atmospheric azimuthal structure of hurricanes in the context of storm intensity is provided.
Use of the FMVSS-214 static bending test to evaluate an automobile side door impact beam made of glass fiber-reinforced plastic
Authors: Ha Jungchan , Baek In-seok , Lee Seok-Soon
Published: May 2022

A side door impact beam absorbs energy and plays an important role in preventing intrusion of another vehicle into the occupant area. Impact beams are being actively researched to reduce vehicle weight while still meeting the strength requirements of environmental regulations and to improve fuel efficiency and enhance safety. No study has subjected a lightweight glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) impact beam to the Body in White (BIW) Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS)-214 quasi-static test. We compared three beams that differed in shape and stacking pattern. We performed three-point bending analyses, bending tests (including after bracket tightening), and static bending tests of door assemblies. The best GFRP beam (B) and a steel model were compared in terms of BIW static bending performance. The front-door GFRP beam exhibited an average reaction force 135% of that mandated by the FMVSS-214S test specification, an intermediate average reaction force 158% of that required, and a final force 154% of that required. In terms of bending performance, the initial average reaction force was 9.5% higher than that of the steel impact beam, and the rear door force was 6.6% lower. The reaction force of the GFRP beam decreased rapidly as breakage occurred after bending through 110.0–120.0 mm; however, the average reaction force was similar to that of the steel beam. Thus, the GFRP impact beam met the legal requirements but weighed 30% less than the steel beam.
A study of surface integrity in carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites cutting with the coupling effect of the multiple machining parameters
Authors: Xiao Jianzhang , Wang Guifeng , Su Hang , Huang Pengcheng , Chen Zhongzhe
Published: May 2022

In the paper, a three-dimensional (3D) micromechanical numerical cutting model with three phases was developed to study the surface integrity in cutting of Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites. The surface roughness and the depth of subsurface damage were predicted by using the numerical model, which were used to characterize the surface integrity. The machined surface observations and surface roughness measurements of CFRP composites at different fiber orientations were also performed for model validation. It is indicated that the 3D micromechanical cutting model is capable of precisely predicting the surface integrity of CFRP composites. To investigate the complex coupling influences of multiple machining parameters on the surface integrity, the factor analysis of multiple machining parameters was performed, and then the effects of these machining parameters on the surface roughness and subsurface damage depth were obtained quantitatively. It was found that the coupling effect of fiber orientation and cutting speed are the most significant factors to affect the surface roughness with the contribution rate of 4.8%, and the interaction between fiber orientation and edge radius has the most important effect on the subsurface damage depth with the rate of 5%. The results also reveal that coupling effects of cutting speed and rake angle should be considered for improving the surface integrity of CFRP composites.
The Contribution of Shareholder Primacy to the Racial Wealth Gap
Authors: Palladino Lenore M.
Published: May 2022

The US racial wealth gap is substantial and growing, stemming from a history of structural racism and the intergenerational transmission of wealth. This article investigates the role of corporate equity and mutual fund ownership on the racial wealth gap over time. 92.1 percent of US corporate equity and mutual fund value is owned by white households; Black households own 1.5 percent while Hispanic households own 1.9 percent. I use the Federal Reserve's Distributional Financial Accounts to determine the changing impact of the corporate equity gap on the racial wealth gap, and to measure how shareholder payments—dividends and stock buybacks—are divided by race and ethnicity. I find that total shareholder payments made to white households during that time frame totaled $13 trillion, while $181 billion went to Black households and $212 billion to Hispanic households. I then find that the proportion of the gap in corporate equity and mutual fund ownership to the overall racial wealth gap has grown over the past three decades, from 10 percent to 23 percent. This analysis contributes to policy discussions about ending shareholder primacy and wealth inequities that are a legacy of the US's history of slavery, racism, and xenophobia.
Evaluation of the safety of 500 mg intravenous push thiamine at a tertiary academic medical center
Authors: Aldhaeefi Mohammed , McLaughlin Kevin , Goodberlet Melanie , Szumita Paul
Published: May 2022

Background: Thiamine, also known as vitamin B1, is an essential water-soluble micronutrient. Although thiamine has minimal safety concerns, parenteral administration has been associated with rare cases of anaphylactic shock, cardiac arrest, and injection site reaction. The objective of this analysis is to evaluate the incidence of anaphylaxis and injection site reactions associated with the administration of thiamine 500 mg as an intravenous (IV) push in adult patients. Method: This single-center, retrospective analysis was performed at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts. Electronic health records were used to identify all adult patients who were ordered for thiamine 500 mg IV push between July 1, 2020, and December 31, 2020. For the major and minor endpoints, anaphylaxis and injection site reactions were assessed, respectively. Descriptive statistics were used as appropriate. Results: A total of 463 doses of thiamine in 69 patients were evaluated. Thiamine was administered peripherally for 392 (84.7%) doses and centrally for 68 (14.7) doses. No anaphylactic reactions were observed. A total of 4 injection site reactions (0.86%) were noted with 4 unique doses. All reactions were classified as low-grade based on our institutional grading system. All injection site reactions were classified as “possible” (Naranjo score of 1–4). Conclusion: Administration of IV push 500 mg thiamine was not associated with anaphylactic events and was associated with a low rate of injection site reactions.
Reflecting, Representing, and Expanding the Narrative(s) in Early Childhood Curriculum
Authors: Yoon Haeny S. , Templeton Tran Nguyen
Published: May 2022

In this manuscript, we recognize that young children learn stories that propagate white supremacist narratives through selective traditions of early childhood curriculum. The role of early childhood teachers, therefore, is to critically examine curriculum for biases, omissions, and distortions, as well as to rewrite curriculum to tell accurate stories and disrupt what Viet Thanh Nguyen refers to as “narrative scarcity”. Through a qualitative study of pre-service teachers’ (PSTs) re-imaginings and revisions of early childhood structures, processes, and texts, we highlight the moves that teachers made to rectify, represent and expand narratives related to communities of Color.
Tele-Balint under the microscope: What really happens in Tele-Balint groups?
Authors: Pan Jane Y. , Yong Flora S. H. , Chua Tze-Ern , Chen Helen Y.
Published: May 2022

Objective

Balint groups provide a safe space for clinicians to discuss difficult cases, with the aim of deepening the clinician-patient relationship and providing space for self-introspection and personal development. During this COVID-19 period, mental health clinicians need a platform to undergo professional supervision and peer learning sessions, which can be provided for by Tele-Balint sessions. This study aims to understand the workings of Balint groups in a multi-disciplinary team, through exploring the experience and perceptions of mental health clinicians in a tertiary obstetrics- and paediatrics-focused hospital in Singapore towards Tele-Balint groups, and examining if these groups can address their professional needs.

Method

A mixed-methods study was conducted. 26 mental health clinicians who had participated in Tele-Balint groups since March 2020 completed a semi-structured questionnaire, and 12 of them were interviewed. Qualitative analysis of interview transcripts was performed.

Results

Qualitative analysis revealed 5 themes. The first 4: professional and personal growth of clinicians, providing emotional support to clinicians, burnout in clinicians: what contributes and what helps, and psychological safety, address whether Tele-Balint groups meet clinicians’ needs. The last theme, evolution of nature of Balint groups, addresses whether Tele-Balint groups meet clinicians’ needs during the time of a pandemic.

Conclusions

Tele-Balint group participation was found to be beneficial in facilitating personal and professional growth, providing emotional support and preventing burnout, despite some limitations. Members should maintain flexibility towards the Balint process, in order to accommodate others who have differing needs, especially in a multi-disciplinary group.
Modernity and Leisure: The Construction of Florya Beach in Istanbul (1935-1960)
Authors: Hamiloğlu Ceren
Published: May 2022

The seashore can be a place where political authorities seek to achieve social progress by offering modern performative spaces for leisure and recreational activities. After the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, the display of healthy bodies became particularly important for making modernity visible, and for this reason parks, dance halls, sports facilities, and beaches were promoted to a wider audience for the display of bodies in motion. This article analyzes how Florya Beach in Istanbul was reconstructed as a modern urban area, through the beach’s representations in popular media and architectural projects from 1935 until 1960. The article traces the reshaping of a part of the urban waterfront of Istanbul through the everyday life of the city’s residents, representations of the beach, the myth created around Atatürk’s summer residence, and the modernist architecture that embodied the state’s aspirations to modernization and nation-state policies on the beach.
Human Capital Resources: Reviewing the First Decade and Establishing a Foundation for Future Research
Authors: Ray Caitlin , Essman Spenser , Nyberg Anthony J. , Ployhart Robert E. , Hale Donnie
Published: May 2022

During the past 10 years, the field of human capital resources (HCR), often referred to as strategic human capital (SHC), has gained interest in both micro and macro disciplines. This increase in attention from a diverse set of researchers has shifted the focus of the field to topics such as identifying different types of HCR, HCR emergence, and links between collective HCR and higher level outcomes. The first decade of dedicated HCR research led to the growth of distinct research streams and forged its own robust and growing literature. However, after a decade of progress, the field is splintered. To unite the field and create a solid foundation for building future research, we provide a cohesive perspective of lessons learned in the first decade of dedicated HCR research, which has primarily focused on collective HCR. This review examines 194 articles, revealing several themes that have emerged, an integrated model that flows from the review, and rich opportunities for future research to both integrate and expand the growing HCR field for the next decade and beyond.
The Well-Being of Parents in the Year After Childbirth
Authors: Brajša-Žganec Andreja , Džida Marija , Brkljačić Tihana , Kaliterna Lipovčan Ljiljana , Lučić Lana
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study is to analyze the well-being of individuals who had a newborn child during the previous year and to compare their well-being with that of individuals who had children previously and with childless individuals. The sample consisted of 2008 respondents (81% women) who participated in an online survey. Respondents rated their life satisfaction, positive and negative affect, and flourishing in two time points spanning one year. 102 respondents experienced childbirth between the two time points, 673 had children before, and 1233 did not have children. The results show that life satisfaction increased between two time points in the subsample of individuals who had a child during the previous year; they also had higher life satisfaction compared to other parents and non-parents. There was no difference between the groups in affective well-being and flourishing. However, parents who had a newborn child showed a decrease in flourishing.
Birth weight, skeletal maturity and dietary patterns are associated with body composition compartments differently in male and female physically active adolescents
Authors: de Paula Mancilha Tamara , Massarani Fabia Albernaz , Vieira Filomena , Donangelo Carmen Marino , Koury Josely Correa
Published: May 2022

Background: Adequate body composition is important for health and performance of physically active adolescents; however, some factors can influence body composition. Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between body composition and birth weight, skeletal maturity and dietary patterns, in male (n = 124) and female (n = 107) physically active adolescents. Methods: Birth weight was obtained from health booklets. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to estimate fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and abdominal adipose tissue (ASAT). Skeletal maturity was assessed by a hand and fist scanner using DXA. Food intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire and dietary patterns by factorial analysis. Results: Seventy one percent (male = 16%, female = 55%) of the participants were mature. Two dietary patterns ( in natura/minimally processed and processed/ultra-processed) were identified. In males, FM (>15%, P = 0.043) and ASAT (>30%, P = 0.042) were higher in those with low-median compared to high-median birth weight. FFM (>24%) was higher in skeletally mature compared to those immatures ( P = 0.001), and VAT (>28%) was higher in processed/ultra-processed compared to in natura/minimally processed dietary patterns ( P = 0.015). In females, FFM (>9%) was higher in those with low-median compared to high-median birth weight ( P = 0.019); and FFM (>16%), FM (>28%) and ASAT (>45%) were higher in skeletally mature compared to those immatures ( P = 0.001). Conclusion: Our results may contribute to a better understanding of the complex association among body composition, birth weight, skeletal maturity and dietary patterns and in physically active adolescents, differently according to sex.
Present Bias in Renewable Resource Management and Agent’s Welfare
Authors: Persichina Marco
Published: May 2022

This article analyses the effects of myopic and present-biased preferences on the welfare of a naive agent when he/she is engaged in an intertemporal harvesting activity from a stock of renewable resources. The analysis is conducted by also taking into account the nature of present-biased behaviours as phenomena that is derived from a dual system of discounting and of response to short and long-term stimuli.

In the task of harvesting from a stock of renewable resources, the present biased preferences of a naive agent create a conflict between the long-run benefit of the agent and the short-run desire.

Thus, this article demonstrates and argues that in the decision-making, which involves intertemporal choices in renewable resources management, the prevalence of naive behaviour, strongly influenced by the emotional-affective system, can lead to a reduction in the overall utility enjoyed by the individual due to the present bias.

JEL: D15, D90, Q20
The mediating role of empathy in the links between relationships with three socialisation agents and adolescents’ prosocial behaviours
Authors: Carrizales Alexia , Gülseven Zehra , Lannegrand Lyda
Published: May 2022

Previous studies have mostly focused on the socialisation role of parents on adolescents’ prosocial behaviours and there is relatively less work focusing on peers who are important socialisation agents for the development of prosocial behaviours in adolescence. Further, simultaneously examining the socialisation roles of multiple socialisation agents in prosocial behaviours and empathy development is even rarer. Thus, in the current study, we examined supportive and poor relationships with three socialisation agents (i.e., parents, peers in class, and peers in extracurricular activities) on adolescents’ prosocial behaviours, considering whether empathy mediates these relations. Additionally, we examined the links between supportive and poor relationships with peers in the class and extracurricular activities and adolescents’ prosocial behaviours, and the mediating role of empathy. The sample was 676 French adolescents (50% female, M age = 14.35 years). Supportive relationships and poor relationships models were tested separately. We examined the relative strengths of three socialisation agents using three-socialiser and two-socialiser models. In the three-socialiser model, supportive relationships with parents and peers in the extracurricular activities were positively linked to adolescents’ empathy a year later, which, in turn, was positively linked to helping and caring behaviours. Additionally, poor relationships with parents were negatively linked to adolescents’ empathy a year later, which, in turn, was positively linked to helping and caring behaviours. In the two-socialiser model, both supportive relationships with peers in class and extracurricular activities were positively linked to adolescents’ empathy 1 year later, which, in turn, was positively linked to helping and caring behaviours but only for early adolescents. Lastly, in the two-socialiser model, poor relationships with peers in extracurricular activities were negatively linked to adolescents’ empathy 1 year later, which, in turn, was positively linked to helping and caring behaviours. In general, these results were robust across adolescents’ gender and age. Overall, results make several important contributions to the literature on the role of multiple socialisation agents and adolescents’ prosocial behaviours.
Microglial phagocytosis and regulatory mechanisms after stroke
Authors: Chen Weijie , Zhang Yueman , Zhai Xiaozhu , Xie Lv , Guo Yunlu , Chen Chen , Li Yan , Wang Fajun , Zhu Ziyu , Zheng Li , Wan Jieqing , Li Peiying
Published: May 2022

Stroke, including ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke can cause massive neuronal death and disruption of brain structure, which is followed by secondary inflammatory injury initiated by pro-inflammatory molecules and cellular debris. Phagocytic clearance of cellular debris by microglia, the brain’s scavenger cells, is pivotal for neuroinflammation resolution and neurorestoration. However, microglia can also exacerbate neuronal loss by phagocytosing stressed-but-viable neurons in the penumbra, thereby expanding the injury area and hindering neurofunctional recovery. Microglia constantly patrol the central nervous system using their processes to scour the cellular environment and start or cease the phagocytosis progress depending on the “eat me” or “don’t eat me’’ signals on cellular surface. An optimal immune response requires a delicate balance between different phenotypic states to regulate neuro-inflammation and facilitate reconstruction after stroke. Here, we examine the literature and discuss the molecular mechanisms and cellular pathways regulating microglial phagocytosis, their resulting effects in brain injury and neural regeneration, as well as the potential therapeutic targets that might modulate microglial phagocytic activity to improve neurological function after stroke.
Platform capitalism and cloud infrastructure: Theorizing a hyper-scalable computing regime
Authors: Narayan Devika
Published: May 2022

There has been an explosion of scholarship on platform capitalism, with scholars identifying emergent labor practices, organizational forms, and business models. There is broad agreement that successful platform companies quickly dominate their markets, and winner-takes-all scenarios are common. However, market domination should not only be viewed as a condition but also as a process that is defined by specific drivers and practices. With regard to rapid expansion, much is said about network effects and data-intensive business models that are fueled by speculative logics as well as weak regulatory mechanisms. I advance the discussion on expansion and hyper-scalability by focusing on the transformation in underlying computing arrangements that shape the growth of platform-based companies. This article establishes cloud computing arrangements as setting the foundational sociotechnical infrastructure that drives rapid expansion.
Relationship Between Glucose Time in Range in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients and Mortality in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Ammar Mahmoud A. , Ammar Abdalla A. , Wee Timothy , Deshpande Ranjit , Band Matthew , Akhtar Shamsuddin
Published: May 2022

Background: Shorter time spent in specific blood glucose ranges is associated with mortality benefit in critically ill patients. However, various time in range values are reported, each based on a specific blood glucose range. Objective: To evaluate relationship between percentage of time spent at various blood glucose ranges (TIR) and mortality in critically ill patients. Methods: Single-center, retrospective, cohort study that included adult patients admitted to ICU for at least one day. We evaluated the relationship between TIR at prespecified blood glucose ranges and hospital mortality in diabetic and non-diabetic patients Results: Of the 5287 patients included, 3705 (70.0%) were non-diabetic and 1582 were diabetic (29.9%). Diabetic patients had higher in-hospital mortality rate (15.8%) compared to non-diabetic patients (11.3%), p < 0.0001, and with higher incidence of hyperglycemia (77.8% vs. 39.4%) and hypoglycemia (14.3% vs. 10%) compared to non-diabetic patients, p < 0.0001. The highest median TIR for both diabetic [76% (49.1 − 97.8%)] and non-diabetic patients [100% (92.3--100%)] was at blood glucose range of 70-180 mg/dL. In non-diabetic cohort, the only optimal TIR of 40% at blood glucose range of 70-120 mg/dL was identified. Non-diabetic patients stratified into TIR 70-120 mg/dL > 40% reported significantly lower mortality (7.0%) rate compared to patients with TIR 70-120 mg/dL < 40% (15.7%), OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.27-0.97, adjusted-p = 0.03. In diabetic patients, no relationship was detected between TIR at all predefined glucose ranges and hospital mortality. Conclusion: Critically ill non-diabetic patients who spent at least 40% of time in blood glucose range of 70-120 mg/dL had improved survival. This association was not observed in diabetic patients.
Process optimisation on the compressive strength property for the 3D printing of PLA/almond shell composite
Authors: Veeman Dhinakaran , Palaniyappan Sabarinathan
Published: May 2022

In the fused deposition modelling technique, various type of thermoplastic is printed layer by layer. Among those biopolymers, Poly Lactic Acid occupies a massive space due to their excellent biodegradability. The present work concentrates on using almond shell particles as potential reinforcement in making Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) filaments by a filament extrusion process using a double screw extruder. The extruded filaments of 1.75 ± 0.5 mm diameter is used to make PLA/almond shell composite. This study distillates the effective process parameters for the 3D printing of PLA/almond shell composite and its compressive strength were evaluated. Design of Experiments is followed for the optimization process. The experiment was conducted by varying the five factors (infill pattern, infill density, printing orientation, printing temperature, and printing speed) and three levels. L27 orthogonal array is developed for the experimental procedure, and Taguchi optimization technique is employed for the optimization process for obtaining maximum compressive strength for the produced PLA/almond shell composite. The experimental results show that the infill density and printing orientation have a higher impact than the other printing process parameters with respect to the compressive properties. The mathematical models are developed from the optimization results for the compressive strength analysis of the PLA/almond shell composites. Based on the regression analysis results, the proposed mathematical model has an error percentage of 3.70% and has a good fit with the experimental results. Fractured samples clearly show that the higher infill density of PLA/almond shell samples doesn’t undergo premature buckling failure under the compressive loading.
Electrospun nanofibrous yarn based piezoresistive flexible strain sensor for human motion detection and speech recognition
Authors: Ahmed Sheraz , Nauman Saad , Khan Zaffar Muhammad
Published: May 2022

This work reports the development of highly sensitive Piezoresistive flexible strain sensor for human motion detection and speech recognition. Initially, a conductive polymer composite (CPC) solution comprising of thermoplastic polyurethane and Carbon Nanoparticles was prepared using Dimethylformamide as solvent and Chloroform as dispersant with the composition of 50% v/v. The solution was heated to a temperature of 60°C for evaporation of the solvent until it contained 13.5% w/v solvent for steady electrospinning. In this way, the CPC solution was used to develop Electrospun Nanofibrous Yarns (ENFYs) by applying a potential difference of 40 KV between the electrospinning needle and Aluminum collector. A cotton fabric was wrapped on the Aluminum collector to allow twisting of the deposited electrospun nanofibers. This novel collector configuration resulted in the formation of nanofibrous yarns due to the whirling action of the advancing jet of CPC solution. The cotton fabric on the collector facilitated twisting of fibers by allowing them to roll over the fabric. The fabricated ENFY sensors showed remarkable stretchability up to 102% strain while achieving a gauge factor of 70 at 100% strain. Long-term usage necessitates repeatability, which was demonstrated by cyclic loading at a crosshead speed of 40 mm/min for up to 1000 cycles using a custom-developed linear actuator, with no signs of fracture. ENFY strain sensor was attached to different parts of human body such as finger, fist, elbow, knee and ankle and was found capable of measuring and observing angle, position and frequency of motion. Owing to its ultrasensitive behavior, the developed sensor was able to measure heart rate as well. When the developed sensor was attached to Adam’s apple for speech recognition it showed remarkable response towards different utterances and breathing and gulping actions with clearly distinguishable signals. These results demonstrate that the developed novel ENFY flexible strain sensor can be employed for proprioceptive sensing and speech recognition for human-machine interaction, soft robotics and wearable devices etc.
Synthesis and characterization of adamantane-based copolyimides with high transparency
Authors: Li Qi , Park Sung S , Ha Chang-Sik , Yuan Shuai , Shi Liyi
Published: May 2022

In this work, a copolyimide (Co-PI) film with high transparency was prepared by the copolymerization of hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (6FDA), 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA), 2,2′-Bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine (TFMB) and adamantane-1,3-diamine (DAA). The effects of DAA monomers on the optical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the co-PIs were discussed in detail. We found that the preparation of polyimide (PI) based on the combination of two dianhydrides and two diamines could obtain the co-PI film with excellent comprehensive performance due to the synergy between the -CF3 group, the aliphatic ring and the aromatic structure. Through the structure and composition optimization, the co-PI film with 1.30% DAA (Q3) has a Tg of 374oC, T5 higher than 530oC, T430 of 82% and the tensile strength higher than 145 MPa. These results indicate that the Co-PI films can be successfully utilized in the development of novel heat-resistant plastic substrates for the optoelectronic engineering applications.
Examining a conceptual framework of aggressive and humorous styles in science YouTube videos about climate change and vaccination
Authors: Yuan Shupei , Lu Hang
Published: May 2022

The current study investigated how individuals process aggressive and humorous video messages communicating childhood vaccination and climate change. Employing psychological reactance, message discounting and expectancy violation, we built a theoretical model that explains the effects of communication styles on individuals’ activism intentions. Two online experiments in the United States ( N = 441 and N = 533) using self-created videos on the topics of childhood vaccination and climate change were conducted to examine this model. The results showed that both perceived aggressiveness and humorousness of the videos led to higher message discounting, which then resulted in stronger activism intentions. Perceived aggressiveness led to higher expectancy violation, while perceived humorousness led to lower expectancy violation, which negatively affected activism intentions. The role played by psychological reactance was inconsistent across the two contexts. The findings provide theoretical implications for understanding how individuals process aggressive and humorous communication styles, especially in relation to discussions on science issues.
Obliterating Collective Memories and Learning About the Nation: A Reflection on the Educational Experiences of Adivasi Communities
Authors: Dixit Shalini
Published: May 2022

In a diverse society like India, the nation-state has imperative to select certain collective memories to be its unified official narrative and be taught to its students. However, in a quest to hand over a unitary vision of the nation, the states often overlook the multiple sources of knowledge, assuming only the school as a mode of transmission about the past. There are documented debates around the Indian state selecting one version of history over the others. But, not much is known about the reception of such knowledge by the marginalised communities in India. Although the relationship between memory, history, identity and social relationships has its grounding in psychology, the discipline has been governed by different reductionism, which does not facilitate understanding and explanation of such complex social issues ( Marty, 1994 , Wertsch, 2002 ).

Nevertheless, learnings from social psychology can be extended to understand the complexities around collective memories, social identity and marginalisation. This article will discuss the dynamics involved in dealing with marginalised collective memories and foreground students’ experiences of learning mainstream collective memories. It argues that dealing with exclusions and denials of one’s collective memories has implications for one’s identity and sense of self. It may lead to individuals and communities devaluing their collective memories, thereby undermining their social position and identity.
Cui bono – business or labour? Job retention policies during the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe
Authors: Ebbinghaus Bernhard , Lehner Lukas
Published: May 2022

Europe has been faced with multiple challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic, including the problem of how to secure jobs and earnings. In our comparative analysis, we explore to what degree European welfare states were capable of responding to this crisis by stabilising employment and workers’ incomes. While short-time work was a policy tool already partly used in the 2008/2009 Great Recession, job retention policies were further expanded or newly introduced across Europe in 2020 in the wake of the pandemic. However, cross-national variations persist in the way in which these schemes were designed and implemented across European welfare states, aiming more or less to hoard labour and thereby avoid mass dismissals throughout the employment crisis. We distinguish between business support and labour support logics in explaining the variation in job retention policies across Europe. Our finding is that Continental, Mediterranean and liberal welfare states did more to foster labour hoarding using short-time work than Nordic or Central and Eastern European countries.
Business budgeting as a tool of scientific management and rationalisation in Poland in the interwar period
Authors: Szychta Anna
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the article is to examine the premises and extent of the dissemination of business budgeting using publications in interwar Poland (1918–1939) and to indicate Polish authors’ sources of knowledge on this issue. The article also seeks to investigate whether budgeting was promoted and introduced in Poland to propel development in a nation that was reawakening as a country after more than 120 years of partitions. The dissemination of budgeting is considered in connection with the idea of rationalisation, which originated in the United States, and the scientific management movement in Europe that it influenced. The article shows Poles promoting business budgeting and their actions following the theory of progress in order to increase the prosperity of a country that was rebuilding a unified economic organism and national identity. The article contributes to the history of scientific management and accounting as it brings new elements by examining the non-Western interwar environment.
Primary Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor of the Stomach: A Rare Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Cui Wenwen , Xing Lihang , Fu Limei , Shi Lifang , Li Xinjun
Published: May 2022

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a spindle cell sarcoma originating from peripheral nerves or showing differentiation of nerve sheath components. Primary MPNST of the stomach is an extremely rare neoplasm with only a few published reports in the literature. We present the case of a 58-year-old male patient with MPNST in the stomach. The patient was admitted due to upper abdomen discomfort. Gastroscopy revealed a huge ulcer lesion in the stomach, and biopsy revealed a spindle cell malignant neoplasm. No other specific findings were found in the whole-body imaging examination. Subtotal gastrectomy was performed. Histologically, an ulcer-type, push-infiltrating mass composed of dense, woven-like spindle cells with frequent mitosis could be seen. In immunohistochemistry, the tumor cells were negative for expression of H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3), keratin (AE1/AE3), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), CD34, KIT, DOG1 ( ANO1), S-100, SOX10, smooth muscle actin, desmin, myogenin, MDM2, CDK4, P16 ( CDKN2A) and SS18-SSX ( SS18::SSX). Primary MPNST of the stomach was diagnosed based on histological and immunohistochemical results. During the 2.5 years follow-up period after surgery, no recurrence was observed.
Application and Development of Megaprostheses in Limb Salvage for Bone Tumors Around the Knee Joint
Authors: Zhang Hao-ran
Published: May 2022

In recent decades, limb-salvage surgery has replaced amputation as the first choice for the treatment of bone tumors around knee. After tumor resection, there are a variety of reconstruction methods for us to choose, including autograft or allograft, inactivation and reimplantation, artificial prosthesis replacement, and allograft-prosthesis compound reconstruction. Compared with other reconstruction methods, artificial prosthesis reconstruction has some advantages: relatively simple, early weight bearing, fewer early complications, and good function in the early and mid-term follow-up. After decades of continuous improvements, the design of tumor prosthesis has reached a relatively mature stage, and the failure rate of prosthesis has also been declining year by year. However, artificial prostheses also have multiple complications such as infection, aseptic loosening, prosthetic breakage, and patients sometimes face the risk of revision or amputation. Therefore, clinicians need to deeply understand the characteristics of related complications and the principles of treatment.
(Lived) Spaces of Belonging, Culture, and Gender: Spatial Practices of Home for Syrian Women in Istanbul
Authors: Sezginalp Özçetin Pınar , Rottmann Susan Beth
Published: May 2022

Combining architectural and cultural anthropological approaches, this study explores the domestic lived spaces of Syrian women in Istanbul to understand how they create belonging in a new social and architectural setting and perform gender roles. We analyze data gathered from several types of dwellings according to the concept of spatial practice of Henri Lefebvre to explore how women’s daily life praxis fosters feelings of contentment and safety, and how they reflect on their previous homes in Syria through a lens of nostalgia. At the same time, we explore how houses in Syria are remembered via reflections on spatial changes. Methodologically, we rely on semi-structured interviews and mental map drawings of houses in Istanbul and reminisced houses from Syria. Ultimately, this research provides a fine-grained portrait of the (lived) space of Syrian women, showing how they reconstruct domestic lives through past/Syrian and current/Turkish spatial practices.
The making of the one pill—Developing single tablet regimens for HIV and for HCV
Authors: Yang Taiyin , Oliyai Reza , Kent Kenneth M
Published: May 2022

A concept of “all or nothing” inspired the innovation of a one-pill-once-daily HIV treatment. Atripla® was the one pill that combined efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate to become the first daily single tablet regimen that forever simplified HIV treatment to enhance patient compliance and thus, sustained viral suppression. The making of Atripla incorporated dry granulation and bilayer compression technologies to achieve stability and bioequivalence in an optimal pill size. In 2011, there lacked a standard of care for chronic hepatitis C infections that was safe, simple, short, free of interferon and ribavirin, and with high cure rates. A fixed-dose combination of ledipasvir and sofosbuvir was developed and approved in 2014 to be the first complete daily single tablet regimen for CHC genotype 1 infection. A spray-drying process for particle morphology engineering in a polymer matrix was used for improving bioavailability.
Professional helpers' experiences of assisting the bereaved after drug-related deaths: A knowledge gap
Authors: Reime Monika Alvestad , Løseth Hilde-Margit , Lindeman Sari Kaarina , Titlestad Kristine Berg , Dyregrov Kari , Selseng Lillian Bruland
Published: May 2022

Background and aims: Drug-related death (DRD) is a major public health concern in the Nordic countries, in the rest of Europe and in the US. After a DRD, approximately 10–15 next of kin will be left behind. People bereaved after sudden and unexpected deaths have a documented higher risk of reduced quality of life, daily functioning, and early death. It is important to know the resources professional helpers have available to them, the barriers and possibilities they face in their work, and how they can respond to the needs of the bereaved. This knowledge can help prevent severe health and social consequences of bereavement following a DRD. In this systematic review, the aim was to explore knowledge regarding professional helpers’ experiences of providing assistance to people bereaved after a DRD. Methods: Inclusion criteria were empirical studies of professional helpers’ first-person perspectives on meeting the bereaved after a DRD. Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method studies were included. Results: The results show that there are no studies addressing professional helpers’ experiences of providing assistance to the bereaved after a DRD. Conclusion: There is a vital need to develop more knowledge of professional helpers’ perspectives. This knowledge is important not only to improve education and the quality of health and social services, but also to help raise awareness of the bereaved after a DRD.
The social side of cryptocurrency: Exploring the investors’ ideological realities from Romanian Facebook groups
Authors: Obreja Dragoș M
Published: May 2022

The complexity of blockchain technologies is reflected in the various ways in which social actors operate with crypto transactions, and this is seen in the wide range of discourses and practices adopted on the crypto market. Using social constructivism, this study highlights the fact that social practices in the crypto area respect certain thematic ideologies, through which individual discourses reflect different pragmatic expectations in relation to virtually encrypted transactions. Drawing on inductive thematic analysis based on 38 semi-structured interviews with Romanian investors, four major themes emerge: (1) unbreakable power of code encompasses rather libertarian discourses on potential state policies, (2) key role of peers explains the investments in the crypto market as a form of community membership, (3) assuming plenty of risks highlights the discourses focused on substantial and unpredictable gains, and (4) preferring safety above all encompasses discourses on financial stability through rather conservative behaviors.
Punishment, political economy and crisis: Disciplining labour through state-corporate surveillance in the ‘neoliberal heartlands’
Authors: Xenakis Sappho
Published: May 2022

The aim of this article is to advance the politico-economic analysis of punishment in contexts of crisis. To this end, the article examines punitive state interventions in the ‘neoliberal heartlands’ of the UK and the US, as set against a backdrop of multidimensional crises that have reconfigured political landscapes, the relationship between labour and capital, and the mode and scope of state punishment. Through a focus on the treatment of socio-economically embedded undocumented migrants, the article highlights the increasingly diffuse punitive repercussions stemming from the growing multi-sectoral, corporate-facilitated surveillance of the labour force.
The impact of the corona virus 2019 on education: Challenges related to distance learning for children of the preparatory classes (5–6 year-olds)
Authors: Shahini Gentiana , Azizi Tringa
Published: May 2022

The implementation of preventive measures against the spread of COVID-19 in Kosovo resulted in the closure of educational institutions for all levels of education. The transitioning process from face-to-face to virtual or online classes’ format was also coordinated for pre-school children, enabling their development at home. The research aims to shed light on the problems, needs, and difficulties the children of preparatory classes, their parents, and teachers face since the implementation of distance learning measures. For completing this survey, a qualitative research design was used. The empirical research was carried out through discussion in focus groups and semi-structured interviews. Our sample included 22 teachers and 22 parents of children and six leaders, from two municipalities of Kosovo, in Pristina and Gjilan, with a total of 50 respondents. The results of the research show that the new circumstances created as a result of the COVID-19 spread, including changes in education, have caused a range of difficulties for children, parents and teachers in Kosovo. Findings from the study confirm the common concerns of the reporting groups concerns, and assessments about the education achieved by the end of the school year 2019/2020. These concerns have been influenced by the lack of experienced teachers and parents have in supporting their pupils or children in online learning, the inadequate level of skills and knowledge in the use of technology, the absence of children in school environments, the inability to socialize and cooperate with peers, low attention and concentration in learning, and loss of creative skills, which can cause issues in the period of first-grade learning.
Carboxyl Esterase-TRAIL Expressing Human Adipose Stem Cells Inhibit Tumor Growth in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer-Bearing Mice with Less Toxicity
Authors: Kim Jae Heon , Oh Eunjeong , Yun Chul Won , Lee Sang Hun , Song Yun Seob
Published: May 2022

It has been proposed that CRPC treatment with reduced systemic toxicity can be achieved by employing genes that express enzymes that activate pharmacological agents. In this paper, we report our study that used human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC), rabbit CE, and human TRAIL with reduced toxicity to explore how tumor development can be suppressed in CRPC-bearing mouse models. In vitro and in vivo directional migration of ADSC.CE.sTRAIL cells toward PC3 cells was significantly stimulated.

ADSC.CE.sTRAIL showed higher suicide effects than did ADSC, ADSC.CE, or ADSC.sTRAIL under CPT-11 treatment. PC3 cells co-cultured with ADSC.CE.TRAIL showed higher cytotoxicity than did CPT-11 monotherapy, ADSC.CE, or ADSC.sTRAIL under CPT-11 treatment. ADSC.CE.sTRAIL showed higher apoptosis than did CPT-11 monotherapy, ADSC.CE, or ADSC.sTRAIL under CPT-11 treatment. In the in vivo study, ADSC.CE.sTRAIL inhibited tumor growth more than did CPT-11 monotherapy, ADSC.CE, or ADSC.sTRAIL under CPT-11 treatment. The evidence suggests that patients’ own ADSC could be used in clinical trials for CRPC treatment based on therapeutic stem cells that express CE and TRAIL complex genes.