bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entrepreneurial ICT-Based Skills and Leadership for Business Ethics in Higher Education
Authors: Saiz-Alvarez José Manuel
Published: June 2017

Ethics in Business, defined as the sum of those entrepreneurial good practices carried out in modern organizations, plays a key role in a globalized planet. Universities are also affected by ethical governance and ethics. The objective of this work is to analyze which entrepreneurial skills are necessary to have for achieving sustainable growth in higher education. To do this, the chapter begins with the study of how technology in education can serve as a practical instrument for internalizing these organizational skills into learners. Then, the author continues describing ethics-related topics, such as how transformational leadership can guide organizations, the importance of resilience and its relation with social capital, and the importance of emotions and empathy in organizations. After this, a theoretical ethical model based on entrepreneurial skills and higher education is proposed that is sustained on openness to change, self-transcendence, self-enhancement, and conservation. The chapter ends with some conclusions and with several future research directions.
A Model of Trust and Collaboration in a Fresh Vegetable Supply Chain in Central Philippines
Authors: Yap Ernesto Go
Published: June 2017

It has been asserted that farmers are the most disadvantaged group among all members of the supply chain for fresh vegetables in the Philippines. This paper attempts to refute such claim by presenting a model of a mountain barangay in Central Philippines and identifying the different economic, socio-cultural and environmental factors present that enable farmers to enjoy optimal prices for their produce. The trust participants in the supply chain have for one another enables them to collaborate, resulting to benefits for all parties. Key informant interviews and participant observation were the main research methods used in data gathering. The author found that trust is necessary for effective collaboration and aided by efficient access to market information, and a minimum of government participation, can result in favorable outcomes for all participants in the supply chain. Farmers are able mitigate much uncertainty, attain higher income, and enjoy recreation during market days.
Hybridization of SOM and PSO for Detecting Fraud in Credit Card
Authors: Arora Suman , Kumar Dharminder
Published: June 2017

Fraud Detection is a detection of criminal activity that generally occurs in commercial organization. Detection of such fraud can prevent a great economic loss. Credit card fraud depends upon usage of card, its unusual transactions behavior or any unauthorized activity on a credit card. Clustering process can divide the data into subsets and it can be very helpful in credit card fraud detection where outlier may be more interesting than common cases. Self-organizing Map (SOM) is unsupervised clustering technique which is very efficient and handling large and high dimensional dataset. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is another stochastic optimization technique based on intelligent of swarms. In the present study, we combine these two methods and present a new hybrid approach self-organizing Particle Swarm Optimization (SOPSO) in detection of credit card fraud. In order to apply our method, we demonstrated an example and its results are compared with previous techniques. Some challenges shown in the previous researches such as time and space complexity, false positive rate and supervised techniques. Our approach is efficient as it implements one of the optimization technique and unsupervised approach which results in less time and space complexity and false positive rate is very low. Domain independency is also achieved in our approach.
Făgăraș as Jerusalem? Interethnic and interreligious ethos in Transylvania
Authors: Iulian Toroczkai C. , Andrei Olivia
Published: June 2017

The study presents Transylvania as a space of ethnic-religious tolerance, having as a case studythe image of the town Făgăraș, as depicted in Eginald Schlattner’s novels. This space appearsas one of a heavenly nuance, based on a long tradition of coexistence of the members ofdifferent ethnic groups and religions. However, the inter-war and post-war period means theemergence of new challenges posed by the confrontation with the harmful effects of the twoideologies: Nazism and Communism. In this way, the dramas of the socio-historical contextinterweave with elements forming young Eginald. They will remain a constant in the writer’slife, offering Făgăraș the role of a forming educational array, with a paradigmatic value.
Pastoral caregiving as life science: Towards an existential hermeneutics of life within the interplay between pastoral healing (cura vitae) and spiritual wholeness
Authors: Louw Daniël J.
Published: June 2017

Currently, the media is creating an illusion of youthful wellbeing: ‘healthism’. But is life merely about physical health? What is meant by spiritual healing in pastoral caregiving? By means of the ontology of life and an existential analysis of the structure of being, a grid is developed in order to make a pastoral diagnosis regarding the interplay between different aspects and dimensions of the category life. It is argued that, seeing the bigger picture in a pastoral hermeneutics of life, contributes to spiritual healing (cura vitae). The basic assumption is that cura animarum should be designed in theory formation in pastoral caregiving as follows: faith care as life care. It is, in this respect, that the Christian spiritual categories of anastrephō, peripateō and hodos can be used in practical theological reflection to describe praxis in practical theology as fides quaerens vivendi [faith seeking lifestyles]. A spirituality of lifestyles points to habitus [human soulfulness] as new modes of ‘walking with God’ and ‘living with God’ (pneumatological praxis of God). Fides quaerens viviendi should be exemplified by a taxonomy of virtues.
Determination of the Effective Projected Luminous Lens Area (EPLLA) by Design Analysis
Authors:   Test Methods and Equipment Stds Committee
Published: June 2017

This SAE Standard provides a method for determining the Effective Projected Luminous Lens Area (EPLLA) of a lamp function using design analysis. This standard was created to clarify and address how to determine EPLLA with traditional and new technologies.
A Review of the Scientific Monograph "Međukulturna kompetencija u nastavi stranih jezika. Od teorijskih koncepata do primjene" ("Intercultural Competence in Foreign Language Teaching: From Theoretical Concepts to Applications") by Ana Petravić
Authors: Skela Janez
Published: June 2017

Prof. Janez Skela reviews the scientific monograph Međukulturna kompetencija u nastavi stranih jezika: Od teorijskih koncepata do primjene by Ana Petravić.
A Longitudinal Study of the Acquisition of Verbal Morphology in the EFL Classroom
Authors: Semren Mirjana
Published: June 2017

This paper investigates the order of the acquisition of grammatical morphemes in the interlanguage of Croatian pupils of English as a foreign language (EFL). The order of acquisition was determined for nine grammatical morphemes. Additionally, the selected morphemes were combined to form the four verb tenses so as to determine the order of their emergence in the pupils’ verb-morphology repertoire. The study was conducted on a corpus of 36 transcribed recordings of parts of classroom interaction. The pupils’ speech production was elicited by various task-based activities. The suppliance of nine grammatical morphemes was investigated by means of obligatory occasion analysis (Brown 1973) which examined their obligatory and correct use. The obtained results revealed progress only in the acquisition of the present tense copula be. The emergence of verb tenses was partly identified due to the insufficient suppliance of grammatical morphemes in the pupils’ speech production.
Effects of caffeine and anxiety level on psychomotor performance
Authors: Ogunkuade Idowu Michael
Published: June 2017

The study investigated the effects of caffeine and anxiety level on psychomotor performance. Sixty-eight (68) volunteer male and female students who were randomly selected from different academic faculties at the University of Lagos participated in this study. Their ages ranged from 18 to 32 years, with body weights between 55 and 65 kg. Pre-test, post-test control group experimental design was used in this research. The independent variables are caffeine and anxiety level of the participants. While the dependent variable is the psychomotor performance of the participants. Parametric statistical tests, including analysis of covariance test, t-dependent test and t-independent test were used for the data analyses. The results showed that low anxiety level group performed better on psychomotor task after taking caffeine content: (p<.05, df=33, ct=5.32, st=1.7); high anxiety level group did not perform poorly on psychomotor task after the administration of caffeine:(p>0.05, df=33, ct=1.51, st=1.7); males in high anxiety level group performed better than females in high anxiety level group on psychomotor task after taking caffeine: (p<0.05, df=33, ct=2.55, st=1.7); females with low anxiety level did not perform better than males with low anxiety level on psychomotor task after the administration of caffeine: (p>0.05, df=33, ct=0.17, st=1.7) and lastly, high anxiety level group performed better than the low anxiety level group before and after taking caffeine: (p<0.05, df=66, ct=2.13, st=1.67) It was generally found that caffeine affects different people in different ways with regards to their anxiety levels. The findings were discussed in terms of their potentials in enhancing our knowledge of issues concerning the use of caffeine by people of different levels of anxiety in pursuit of psychomotor tasks.Keywords: caffeine, anxiety level, psychomotor performance, effects
Examining ambiguities in film titles: the Nigerian situation
Authors: Nwala Michael Alozie , Princewill-Nwaduwa Bridget
Published: June 2017

The paper investigated ambiguous film titles with specific reference to films in Nigeria. It observed that film titles which are meant to serve as initial appraisal and forerunners of films that light up the interest of the consumers and promote patronage are usually scripted in mind-boggling ambiguous expressions, which make them prone to multiple interpretations. Using the pragma-syntactic theoretical framework, a total of ten ambiguous film titles randomly selected across the length and breadth of Nigeria were analysed. The analysis showed the possible interpretations of each of the selected titles, their related syntactic structures and the usefulness of pragmatics in interpreting film titles. The paper finally recommended that pragmatic features and discourse primes such as inference, implicature, linguistic context among others should always be taken into account before any film title is interpreted.Keywords: Pragmatics, syntax, ambiguity, inference, implicature, illocutionary and context
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Cinnamon Bark Oil on Lactobacillus acidophilus and its Effect on Compressive Strength of Glass Ionomer Cement
Authors: Bhanushali Sheetal
Published: June 2017

Aim

The aim of this study is to evaluate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cinnamon bark oil against Lactobacillus acidophilus and incorporate it in the liquid component of glass ionomer cement (GIC) followed by determination of its effect on the compressive strength.

Materials and methods

Antibacterial effect of various concentrations of cinnamon bark oil was evaluated using broth microdilution method with 96-well tissue culture plate. Minimum inhibitory concentration of the cinnamon bark oil against L. acidophilus was determined and that concentration was then incorporated into the liquid component of the GIC, and its compressive strength was evaluated. For compressive strength testing, teflon mold of 4 mm diameter and 6 mm height was used for the preparation of samples. The prepared specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours in an incubator. After 24 hours, the samples were subjected to the universal testing machine at a speed of 1 mm/minute for compressive strength evaluation. The maximum load required to fracture the specimen was recorded.

Results

A volume of 20 ìL/mL was found to be the MIC of the cinnamon bark oil against L. acidophilus. The mean compressive strengths of conventional and cinnamon bark oil-incorporated GIC revealed no significant difference.

Conclusion

Cinnamon bark oil has antibacterial property against L. acidophilus. Incorporation of 2% v/v cinnamon bark oil did not adversely affect the compressive strength of GIC.

Clinical significance

By incorporating this bacteriostatic agent to GIC, the progress of caries and failure of restorations can be prevented by inhibiting the growth of L. acidophilus. Clinically, it can be used in cases of deep dentinal caries, early childhood caries, rampant caries, and patients with high caries index.

How to cite this article

Bhanushali S, Srilatha KT, Girish MS. Antimicrobial Efficacy of Cinnamon Bark Oil on Lactobacillus acidophilus and its Effect on Compressive Strength of Glass Ionomer Cement. World J Dent 2017;8(3):164-170.
Odontometric and Skull Anthropometric Parameters as a Forensic Tool in Stature Estimation: A Cross-sectional Analysis
Authors: (Gadbail) Mugdha Mankar
Published: June 2017

Background

The aim of the study was to evaluate the relation between height of an individual with the circumference of skull and combined mesiodistal width (CMDW) of the permanent maxillary anterior teeth in forensic and medicolegal investigations.

Materials and methods

In this study, 100 persons were evaluated. Mesiodistal widths of the permanent maxillary anterior teeth and height and circumference of the skull were measured. Linear regression analysis was used for the known heights of the combined data and data for males and females against the odontometric and anthropometric variables.

Results

Highly significant correlation was observed between height and other parameters for combined data and data for males. There was statistically significant difference between equation relating height to the CMDW of the maxillary anterior teeth and equation relating height to head circumference.

Conclusion

It can be stated that the skull with teeth may provide accurate clues to stature from an individual's fragmentary remains and thus provide a reliable method of estimation of height from skeletal remains during forensic investigations.

Clinical significance

Odontometric parameters along with regression equations may be used as a supplementary approach for stature estimation, especially in situations of unavailability of extremities. In the advancement of field of forensic odontology, skull anthropometry including maxillary extent, mesiodistal dimension of anteriors, and circumference of the skull are beneficial for stature estimation.

How to cite this article

Gondivkar SM, Gadbail AR, Vedpathak PR, Sarode S, Sarode G, Mankar M, Patil S. Odontometric and Skull Anthropometric Parameters as a Forensic Tool in Stature Estimation: A Cross-sectional Analysis. World J Dent 2017;8(3):202-206
Prevalence of Partial Edentulousness and Treatment needs in Rural Population of South India
Authors: Jain Ashish R
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Oral disease creates a major public health burden worldwide and receives inadequate attention in many low- and middle-income countries (WHO 2003).

Aim

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of tooth loss and treatment needs of a rural adult population in South India.

Materials and methods

A descriptive point prevalence survey was conducted in three rural districts of Tamil Nadu, South India. A total of 3,000 subjects with a mean age of 36.2 (standard deviation 13.02) years participated in a clinical examination and interview. They were divided into three groups based on age: Group I — 18 to 30 years, group II — 31 to 50 years, and group III — 51 to 80 years.

Results

The overall prevalence of tooth loss was 48.7%. The most commonly occurring type of partial edentulousness was Kennedy's class III in maxilla comprising 23.3% followed by mandible 22.1%. Mandibular first molar was the most common missing tooth. The prevalence of tooth loss was more in males (58.2%) than females (41.8%). Group III subjects had the highest incidence of tooth loss.

Conclusion

The prevalence of tooth loss in South Indian rural population was 48.7%. The most common reason for tooth loss was dental caries which accounted for 50% followed by periodontal reasons 30% and others 10%. Fixed type of prosthesis was the preferred type of restoration for all the individuals with tooth loss, but affordability was the major factor that determined the treatment of the patients.

How to cite this article

Ashraf J, Jain AR, Ariga P, Nallaswamy D. Prevalence of Partial Edentulousness and Treatment needs in Rural Population of South India. World J Dent 2017;8(3):213-217.
Management of an Endodontic-periodontal Lesion caused by Iatrogenic Restoration
Authors: Alfawaz Yasser
Published: June 2017

Aim

This clinical case report demonstrates the successful management of a complex endodontic-periodontal iatrogenic lesion following a critical evaluation and decision-making process with interdisciplinary treatment strategies.

Background

Defective dental restorations can affect the periodontal and endodontic health of the teeth.

Case Report

An endodontic-periodontal lesion that resulted from a faulty restoration in a 30-year-old male patient is reported. The management of the case is done through periodontal and endodontic treatment. The detailed method of managing of this type of cases is discussed.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the use of a systematic diagnosis process will help in the identification and treatment of iatrogenic endodontic-periodontal lesions.

Clinical significance

The correct management of endodonticperiodontal lesions can impede the loss of the involved teeth.

How to cite this article

Alfawaz Y. Management of an Endodontic- periodontal Lesion caused by Iatrogenic Restoration. World J Dent 2017;8(3):239-246.
Infertility Counseling
Authors: Laisure Beth N
Published: June 2017

Infertility, whether reasons known or unexplained, has been shown to cause a high amount of stress for people who receive this diagnosis. Increased emotional stress can lead to more of a decreased chance of conception, along with other medical problems. Around the world infertility counseling is becoming a new focus for medical professionals to work combined with fertility treatments and help couples conceive. Couples using medicines to help with conception, undergoing intrauterine insemination, andin vitrofertilization who have added counseling to treatment have shown an increase in conception rates.

How to cite this article

Laisure BN. Infertility Counseling. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2017;8(1):32-35.
Assessment of Oral Hygiene Knowledge, Practices, and Concepts of Tobacco Usage among Engineering Students in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
Authors: Dash Kailash C , Bandyopadhyay Alokenath , Panda Abikshyeet , Behura Shyam S , Bhuyan Lipsa , Raghuvanshi Malvika
Published: June 2017

Aim

This study aimed to assess oral hygiene-related knowledge and practices among engineering students of Bhubaneswar city and also to evaluate the concepts about the side effects of tobacco usage among those students.

Materials and methods

The study was conducted using a self-administered, close-ended questionnaire to assess the oral hygiene knowledge and practices and study the concepts on tobacco usage among 362 engineering students of Bhubaneswar city, Odisha, India. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 20.0.

Results

This survey found that 26.51% of the students had never visited a dentist. Nearly 43.64% of the participants were cognizant of the fact that improper brushing is the reason of tooth decay. About 47% of the participants consumed alcohol and 32.6% had the habit of chewing tobacco, though 80% were aware that use of smokeless tobacco can impair oral health and cause cancer and use of alcohol has detrimental effect on oral health.

Conclusion

Knowledge with respect to oral health among engineering students of Bhubaneswar city is adequate regarding using fluoridated toothpaste and flosses. However, an unhealthy snacking habit, overusage of toothbrushes, consumption of alcohol, and practicing tobacco habit show the lack of oral health knowledge in these students.

Clinical significance

Our study provides an idea about the present scenario in terms of oral hygiene and tobacco usage in young individuals. This can form the basis for oral health education and tobacco cessation program. Moreover, as the habit of tobacco usage starts early during college life, adequate knowledge about its ill-effects would prevent deadly diseases, such as potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer.

How to cite this article

Bandyopadhyay A, Bhuyan L, Panda A, Dash KC, Raghuvanshi M, Behura SS. Assessment of Oral Hygiene Knowledge, Practices, and Concepts of Tobacco Usage among Engineering Students in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(6):423-428.
Tooth Wear Patterns among Khat and Shammah Users in Jazan City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Bhandi Shilpa H , Sayed Mohammed E , Mugri Maryam H , Hakami Bassam M , Hamdi Ammar D
Published: June 2017

Aim

The effect of Khat and Shammah habits, with the parafunctional jaw activities that accompany them, on the structure and integrity of the natural dentition has not yet been investigated. The literature lacks studies that identify the patterns of tooth wear among Khat and Shammah users. Therefore, this study is the first attempt to address this concern in Jazan City population, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Materials and methods

A cross-sectional survey study was conducted among 300 recruits among dental clinics in Jazan City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from October 1, 2015, to April 30, 2016. Questionnaires were used for data collection on oral habits (Khat and Shammah use), age, gender, intake of acidic food or beverages, food habits (intake of fruits, grains, and vegetables), systemic diseases, oral hygiene habits (brushing frequency, technique, and type of toothbrush), parafunctional habits, stress, and acid reflux. Clinical examination was performed to assess the grade of tooth wear. Bivariate analysis was performed to determine the empirical relationship between the independent variables and outcomes. In addition, binary logistic regressions were used to measure the relationship between the independent variables and each of the dependent variables (presence of occlusal wear, tooth wear grade 0 through 4).

Results

Khat and Shammah use was statistically significantly associated with tooth wear (p < 0.05). A significant association of tooth wear was observed with age, gender, intake of acidic food and beverages, oral hygiene habits, and stress.

Conclusion

Consumption of Khat and Shammah may be attributed as one of the major reasons associated with tooth wear among the Saudi population.

Clinical significance

The habitual use of Khat and Shammah causes tooth wear of varying severity, which may negatively affect esthetics, phonetics, and function and necessitate a complex restorative treatment.

How to cite this article

Sayed ME, Hamdi AD, Hakami BM, Mugri MH, Bhandi SH. Tooth Wear Patterns among Khat and Shammah Users in Jazan City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Crosssectional Survey. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(6):429-436.
Influence of Hand Instrumentation and Ultrasonic Scaling on the Microleakage of various Cervical Restorations: An in vitro Study
Authors: Barekatain Mehrdad , Rohani Bita , Farhad Shirin Z , Haghayegh Navid
Published: June 2017

Introduction

In cervical lesions, various restorative materials can be inserted, which can be affected by the application of periodontal scalers. This study evaluated and compared the marginal seal of class V glass ionomer, composite resin, and amalgam restorations after subjecting them to hand instrumentation and ultrasonic scaling.

Materials and methods

In this experimental study, 30 sound human first premolars were selected. In each tooth, buccal and lingual cavities (4 mm mesiodistal width, 3 mm occlusogingival height, and 2 mm depth) were made. The teeth were randomly assigned to three groups of 10 teeth: (1) Glass ionomer group, (2) composite group, and (3) amalgam group. Teeth were subjected to thermocycling procedure for 1,000 cycles between 5 and 55°C water baths and a 1-minute dwell time. Then, each group was randomly subdivided: (1) Margins of 30 restorations were exposed to hand instrumentation procedures by applying 10 working strokes, (2) margins of 30 restorations were exposed to a periodontal tip mounted on a piezoelectric ultrasonic handpiece working at 25 kHz for 10 seconds. The specimens were serially sectioned mesiodistally. Each section was examined under a stereomicroscope. The extent of microleakage was ranked using a 0 to 4 scale at both occlusal and cervical margins of the restorations. Data were analyzed initially using the Kruskal–Wallis test, followed by multiple comparisons using the Mann–Whitney and Wilcoxon test.

Results

The type of restorative material had a significant influence on dye penetration, whether in the enamel margin or in dentinal margin (p < 0.001). The microleakage of glass ionomer group was the highest. No statistical differences were found in dye penetration between scaling groups (hand instrumentation and ultrasonic scaling) (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Type of restorative material had a significant influence on microleakage. No statistical differences were found in dye penetration between scaling groups.

Clinical significance

The microleakage of glass ionomer restoration is greater than amalgam and composite restorations after subjecting them to hand instrumentation and ultrasonic scaling.

How to cite this article

Rohani B, Barekatain M, Farhad SZ, Haghayegh N. Influence of Hand Instrumentation and Ultrasonic Scaling on the Microleakage of various Cervical Restorations: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(6):437-442.
Radiopacity of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate with and without Inclusion of Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Cardoso Flávia GR , Mendes Mariana SS , Resende Leonardo D , Pinto Cláudia A , Raldi Denise P , Habitante Sandra M
Published: June 2017

Aim

The aim of this study was to investigate the inclusion of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in the mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) composition to know which changes will result in the radiopacity of the material.

Materials and methods

The experiment was performed according to the American National Standard Institute/American Dental Association specification no. 57/2000 and ISO 6876/2001. Five plates with five holes measuring 1 mm in depth and 5 mm in internal diameter were filled according to the different experimental groups as follows: white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA) + NP50 – W MTA with liquid Ag NP 50 ppm, WMTA + NP30 – W MTA with liquid Ag NP 30 ppm, WMTA + NP22 – W MTA with liquid Ag NP 22 ppm, WMTA + NPP – white MTA with liquid Ag NP and powder 1%, WMTA (control). After filling the plates, they were kept in an incubator at 37°C in relative humidity for setting. Each sample was positioned along an aluminum step-wedge placed above the Opteo digital sensor system. The image was divided into four quadrants, and three readings were made for each quadrant to render the average of each quadrant. The resulting data were submitted to Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn's tests.

Results

The results showed statistically significant differences between WMTA + NP30, WMTA + NP22, and WMTA + NPP interactions compared with WMTA (control) (p < 0.05). The radiopacity was in descending order: WMTA + NPP, WMTA + NP22, WMTA + NP30, MTA + NP50, and WMTA.

Conclusion

Silver NPs changed the radiopacity of WMTA, being more evident in WMTA + NP powder at 1% weight.

Clinical significance

The low radiopacity of MTA makes it difficult for any radiographic observation. The Ag NPs appear as an alternative, being an excellent radiopacifier as they have excellent antimicrobial property and relatively low toxicity.

How to cite this article

Mendes MSS, Resende LD, Pinto CA, Raldi DP, Cardoso FGR, Habitante SM. Radiopacity of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate with and without Inclusion of Silver Nanoparticles. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(6):448-451.
Choice of Endodontic Fiber Posts and its Influence on Dental Malpractice: An in vitro Evaluation
Authors: Jassar Houssam , Husseini Hassan El
Published: June 2017

Aims and objectives

The fiber post type used in restoring endodontically treated teeth may affect the dental expert decision in the case of dental malpractice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the low-cost commercial fiber post in comparison with a higher cost or well-known documented fiber post system.

Materials and methods

A total of 20 premolars were selected for the study; following endodontic treatment, specimens were randomly divided into two groups of 10 specimens each according to the type of fiber post used: (1) Low-cost commercial fiber post (OYAPost, Taper Lucent, OYARICOM) and (2) higher cost well-known fiber post (Rely X Fiber post, 3M ESPE). Both fiber posts were cemented using self-adhesive cement (Rely X Unicem). Samples were subjected to push-out bond strength and to failure analysis. One-way analysis of variance was used (p < 0.005).

Results

There was no significant difference between the bond strength of the two tested groups (p > 0.05), while statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was noted between the different post space regions (cervical, middle, and apical).

Conclusion

Based on the evidence from the study, it can be concluded that the type of fiber post should not affect the dental expert decision in the case of dental malpractice/lawsuit.

Clinical significance

All types of low-cost fiber posts may behave similarly to other higher cost or well-documented fiber posts.

How to cite this article

Ayoub F, Jassar H, El Husseini H, Salameh Z. Choice of Endodontic Fiber Posts and its Influence on Dental Malpractice: Anin vitroEvaluation. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(6):452-457.
Association of Palatal Rugae Pattern in Gender Identification: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Patil Suneel G , Gautam Nitin , Krishna R Gopi , Agastya Hemalatha , Mushtaq Lubna , Kumar K Vijay
Published: June 2017

Aim

The present study's aim was to assess the pattern of palatine ridges/rugae to identify gender.

Materials and methods

This study consists of a total of 50 participants (25 males and 25 females). Participants of the age range of 20 to 50 years were selected from the outpatient department. According to the shape and size of the patient's arches, maxillary impression trays were selected using alginate, and casts were poured subsequently. With the help of a sharp graphite pencil, the palatine ridges were delineated to make it prominent, and on either side of the midline, the number of rugae was counted and the length measured. Using these parameters, the pattern of rugae was determined. Data were analyzed using independent sample t-test. The level of significance was set at 5%.

Results

Males had more number of palatal rugae (mean 5.96 ± 0.88) compared with females (5.24 ± 0.77), and there was a statistically significant association between them. The mean length of palatal rugae was more in males (6.25 ± 1.15 mm) than females (5.16 ± 1.40 mm), and it was found to be a statistically significant association. The straight pattern was more common in both males and females (2.56 ± 1.08, 2.32 ± 0.85 respectively) than other patterns.

Conclusion

This study concluded that straight rugae pattern has been found to be the most common pattern in both genders. However, the mean number of straight rugae pattern and length is slightly more in males than females.

Clinical significance

The most challenging tasks in forensic medicine is human identification. Dental records, dactylogram, and comparing deoxyribonucleic acid are the widely used techniques in mass disasters, but these techniques have their own drawbacks and hence cannot be applied always. In such cases, less known techniques like rugoscopy will be helpful.

How to cite this article

Gautam N, Patil SG, Krishna RG, Agastya H, Mushtaq L, Kumar KV. Association of Palatal Rugae Pattern in Gender Identification: An Exploratory Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(6):470-473.
Botulinum Toxin for the Treatment of Gummy Smile
Authors: Al-Fouzan Afnan F , Mokeem Lamia S , Al-Saqat Reem T , Alfalah Maisa A , Alharbi Mana A , Al-Samary Abdullah E
Published: June 2017

Aim

The aim was to evaluate the effect of botulinum toxin (Botox) injections as a conservative treatment for gummy smile.

Materials and methods

An experimental in vivo study was conducted at a dermatology clinic in Riyadh in January 2016. The study included 23 female patients who ranged from 20 to 50 years and were treated with Botox injections due to excessive maxillary gingival display. The patients with short clinical crowns or long maxilla, those who were pregnant or breastfeeding, and patients with neuromuscular disorders were excluded. Patients received Botox type I, injected 3 mm lateral to the alar-fascial groove at the level of the nostril opening at the insertion of the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle. Photos were taken of the patient's smile before and after the treatment and were then uploaded to the SketchUp program to calculate improvements in gingival display. The distance from the lower margin of the upper lip to the gingival margin was calculated pre- and posttreatment. The amount of improvement was calculated as (pre-Botox treatment – post-Botox treatment/pre-Botox treatment × 100). The mean percentage of the total improvement was analyzed.

Results

A total of 23 female patients received treatment to improve their gummy smile. Improvement was clear 2 weeks after Botox injection. The mean percentage of improvement in the gingival display was 99.6%.

Conclusion

Botox type I is an effective conservative technique to improve gummy smile caused by muscular hyperfunction.

Clinical significance

Patients’ retention highly indicated that they were satisfied with the provided treatment by Botox injections. Improving the quality of life with least painful experience and immediate results was the major advantage for Botox type I.

How to cite this article

Al-Fouzan AF, Mokeem LS, Al-Saqat RT, Alfalah MA, Alharbi MA, Al-Samary AE. Botulinum Toxin for the Treatment of Gummy Smile. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(6):474-478.
Assessment of Levels of Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Patients with Periodontal Pathologies: A Comparative Study
Authors: Wahi Saurabh , Tripathi Alok , Wahi Shradha , Mishra Vikas D , Singh Abhishek P , Sinha Nikhil
Published: June 2017

Introduction

One of the potential sources for the occurrence of various systemic pathologies, such as cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and respiratory diseases is periodontitis. Testing of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA) is a highly standardized procedure and is becoming increasingly popular these days due to its cost-effectiveness and ease of use. Literature quotes numerous studies associating the periodontal diseases with various hemoglobin markers in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Hence, we planned the present study to assess the levels of HbA in patients with periodontitis among nondiabetic patients.

Materials and methods

For the present study, a total of 50 nondiabetic subjects who reported to the department with the chief complaint of periodontitis were included. Another set of 50 nondiabetic individuals were included in the present study of comparable age in whom no periodontitis was detected clinically. Clinical examination and radiographic evaluation was performed for the selection of the cases for the study group. The patients were sent to the laboratory after the clinical examination, for the testing of HbA. Testing of the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels of all the subjects and controls was performed and values were noted and evaluated.

Results

Nonsignificant results were obtained while comparing the mean HbA1c concentrations among the study group and the control group. Nonsignificant results were obtained while comparing the mean HbA1c levels among males and females. While comparing the mean HbA1c levels between the study group and the control group divided on the basis of body mass index, nonsignificant results were obtained.

Conclusion

In nondiabetic subjects, no significant correlation could be observed between periodontitis and HbA1c levels.

Clinical significance

The HbA1c cannot be used as a reliable maker for differentiation of patients with periodontal pathologies from patients free of periodontal pathologies.

How to cite this article

Wahi S, Tripathi A, Wahi S, Mishra VD, Singh AP, Sinha N. Assessment of Levels of Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Patients with Periodontal Pathologies: A Comparative Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(6):506-509.
Assessment of C-reactive Proteins, Cytokines, and Plasma Protein Levels in Hypertensive Patients with Apical Periodontitis
Authors: Goel Pallavi , Kulkarni Kiran , Rashmi N , Galhotra Vineet , Rajguru Jagadish P , Jha Satyendra K
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Chronic apical periodontitis (CAP) manifests mostly as periapical radiolucency. Various inflammatory mediators play a significant role in the pathogenesis of apical periodontitis. In acute inflammatory conditions, C-reactive proteins (CRP) and fibrinogen show a rise in their concentrations. In chronic diseases with high inflammatory components, an increased prevalence of hypertension has been observed. Hence, we assessed the association of CAP and plasma levels of various inflammatory markers (CRP, interleukin 6 [IL-6], and fibrinogen) in severely hypertensive patients.

Materials and methods

This study was conducted in the conservative wing of the institute and included assessment of 250 hypertensive patients with apical periodontitis. With the help of periapical radiographs and clinical examination, the assessment of following parameters was done: Amount of teeth present, visible plaque index, periodontal pocket probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, presence/absence of carious lesions, which included assessment of caries in crown portion, in the root portion, and residual tooth roots (RR), presence of CAP from each patient; 8 mm of venous blood was collected in the morning for the assessment of plasma levels of IL-6, CRP, and fibrinogen levels. Immediate collection and processing of the samples were done in the hospital laboratory. All the results were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software.

Results

Out of 250, 155 patients were females. Mean plasma levels of CRP observed in our study were 0.8 mg/dL. Mean plasma levels of IL-6 and fibrinogen were found to be 3.3 and 337.1 mg/dL respectively. A significant correlation was observed while comparing mean body mass index (BMI), RR, and CAP in hypertensive patients. While comparing the mean plasma IL-6 levels, mean BMI, and CAP in the patients, significant results were obtained. Significant correlation was observed while comparing the mean BMI and CAP in hypertensive patients.

Conclusion

Systemic levels of CRP, IL-6, and fibrinogen levels are influenced by the presence of CAP in hypertensive patients.

Clinical significance

In hypertensive patients, CAP alters the systemic levels of various inflammatory markers.

How to cite this article

Rashmi N, Galhotra V, Goel P, Rajguru JP, Jha SK, Kulkarni K. Assessment of C-reactive Proteins, Cytokines, and Plasma Protein Levels in Hypertensive Patients with Apical Periodontitis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(6):516-521.
Ibuprofen and Low-level Laser Therapy for Pain Control during Fixed Orthodontic Therapy: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Meta-analysis
Authors: Eslamipour Faezeh , Motamedian Saeed R , Bagheri Fahimeh
Published: June 2017

Introduction

To systematically review high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of use of ibuprofen and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) for pain control during fixed orthodontic appliance therapy.

Materials and methods

A web-based systematic search of PubMed and Medline database using relevant keywords was performed in August 2016 limited to the English language studies. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, RCTs utilizing blind approach were selected. The quality of studies was analyzed and only high-quality studies were included. Following data extraction, meta-analysis was performed by standardized mean difference Hedges’ (adjusted) g with 95% confidence interval.

Results

A total number of six studies (four ibuprofen and two LLLT) comprising 315 patients were included. Heterogeneity among ibuprofen studies was small, while large heterogeneity was found among LLLT studies. The results showed that both ibuprofen and LLLT could reduce pain intensity during fixed orthodontic therapy and during 17 days follow-up period. However, this reduction was statistically significant only at 6 to 24 hours postoperatively for ibuprofen and 2 hours and 3 to 7 days for LLLT (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Considering the limitations of the current metaanalysis, ibuprofen could alleviate orthodontic archwire activation pain during the 1st day with relatively high level of evidence. Low-level laser therapy could reduce this pain in the long term with limited evidence. Further well-designed RCTs are required to provide more evidence.

How to cite this article

Eslamipour F, Motamedian SR, Bagheri F. Ibuprofen and Low-level Laser Therapy for Pain Control during Fixed Orthodontic Therapy: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Meta-analysis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(6):527-533.
A Case of Laparoscopically Managed Myometrial Scar Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Agarwal Meenu , Kashyap Madhuri
Published: June 2017

Intramural pregnancy, an ectopic gestation completely surrounded by the myometrium located within the uterine wall with separation from the uterine cavity, is an extremely unusual form of pregnancy. Complications resulting from intramural pregnancy include inevitable uterine rupture with resultant hemorrhage and possible hysterectomy if the diagnosis is not made early and treatment is not initiated. A patient presented with missed abortion, suction curettage was done but no placental villi were seen in the products. She had a previous history of laparoscopic myomectomy 6 months ago. A provisional diagnosis of myometrial scar pregnancy was made and was confirmed with Doppler and magnetic resonance imaging. Laparoscopic enucleation of ectopic sac was done against medical management with methotrexate. The patient conceived successfully through intracytoplasmic sperm injection for male factor and delivered twins by lower (uterine) segment cesarean section at term.

How to cite this article

Agarwal M, Kashyap M, Meshram S. A Case of Laparoscopically Managed Myometrial Scar Ectopic Pregnancy. Int J Gynecol Endsc 2017;1(1):28-31.
Ruptured Ovarian Ectopic Pregnancy after Interval of Tubal Ligation
Authors: Raikwar Poonam , Jain Vijeta , Raikwar Ramsharan
Published: June 2017

We report a case of a woman presenting in a state of shock with classic symptoms of rupture ectopic pregnancy. She had a history of tubal ligation done two years back. Laparoscopic surgery was done and a diagnosis of ruptured ectopic ovarian pregnancy was made.

How to cite this article

Raikwar P, Jain V, Raikwar R. Ruptured Ovarian Ectopic Pregnancy after Interval of Tubal Ligation. Int J Gynecol Endsc 2017;1(1):44-45.
Cystic Degeneration of Fibroid following Mifepristone
Authors: Hakim Mohsina
Published: June 2017

Uterine leiomyomas are common uterine tumors and often altered by degenerative changes, which can cause difficulty and confusion in their clinical diagnosis. Several agents exist for the medical management of uterine fibroids through symptom control, reduction in fibroid volume, and reduction in menstrual blood loss. In our patient, Tab. mifepristone 25 mg was used for 9 months. In follow-up, size of fibroid tripled over 9 months. Patient started developing pressure symptoms. Surgery was difficult to perform because of cystic degeneration. Further long-term study is needed to exactly understand the long-term effect of these medicines.

How to cite this article

Jain N, Hakim M. Cystic Degeneration of Fibroid following Mifepristone. Int J Gynecol Endsc 2017;1(1):46-49.
Mean age of stratospheric air derived from AirCore observations
Authors: Engel Andreas , Bönisch Harald , Ullrich Markus , Sitals Robert , Membrive Olivier , Danis Francois , Crevoisier Cyril
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Mean age of stratospheric air can be derived from observations of sufficiently long-lived trace gases with approximately linear trends in the troposphere. Mean age can serve as a tracer to investigate stratospheric transport and long-term changes in the strength of the overturning Brewer–Dobson circulation of the stratosphere. For this purpose, a low-cost method is required in order to allow for regular observations up to altitudes of about 30 km. Despite the desired low costs, high precision and accuracy are required in order to determine mean age. We present balloon-borne AirCore observations from two midlatitude sites: Timmins in Ontario/Canada and Lindenberg in Germany. During the Timmins campaign, five AirCores sampled air in parallel with a large stratospheric balloon and were analysed for CO2, CH4 and partly CO. We show that there is good agreement between the different AirCores (better than 0.1 %), especially when vertical gradients are small. The measurements from Lindenberg were performed using small low-cost balloons and yielded very comparable results. We have used the observations to extend our long-term data set of mean age observations at Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes. The time series now covers more than 40 years and shows a small, statistically non-significant positive trend of 0.15 ± 0.18 years decade−1. This trend is slightly smaller than the previous estimate of 0.24 ± 0.22 years decade−1 which was based on observations up to the year 2006. These observations are still in contrast to strong negative trends of mean age as derived from some model calculations.