bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Degradation of Thiamethoxam in Wastewater by Low Temperature Plasma
Authors: Li Shanping , Liu Lijun , Ma Xiaolong , Li Yahui
Published: December 2016

In this paper, different dielectric barrier discharge powers and the effects of various external factors on the degradation of thiamethoxam were investigated. TiO
Akkadographic Analytic Case Markers in Hittite
Authors: Cajnko Mojca
Published: December 2016

The introductory part of the paper is devoted to the notions case, semantic roles, Sumerograms, Akkadograms and hybrid writings. The main part of the paper presents possible competing uses of Akkadographic analytic case markers and Hittite case endings and local adverbs. It further describes the written norm of Akkadographic analytic case markers with Sumerographic and Akkadographic common nouns, numerals, proper nouns and hybrid writings. The paper thus tries to point out that the use and semantics of Akkadographic analytic case markers is more limited than that of Hittite case endings and local adverbs.
Les effets narratifs de la position supérieure du lecteur en Josué 7
Authors: Wénin André
Published: December 2016

Le récit de l’infidélité d’Akan en Jos 7 offre un bel exemple d’un procédé narratif particulier: la position supérieure du lecteur. Dès le verset 1, en effet, le lecteur est informé d’un événement que tous les personnages humains du récit ignorent, à savoir la faute d’Akan qui a violé le
Comparing Critical Editions: BHQ Proverbs and HBCE Proverbs
Authors: Hendel Ronald
Published: December 2016

The recent appearance of two critical editions of Proverbs affords an opportunity to weigh their strengths and to examine their different concepts of the book of Proverbs and the task of textual criticism.
Praktiken erhöhter Dialogizität: onymische Anredeformen als Gesten personifizierter Zuwendung
Authors: Günthner Susanne
Published: December 2016

On the basis of a dialogically oriented and contextually situated approach, this study aims at investigating uses of addressing present co-participants in cases in which the subsequent order of speakership is not at issue. Starting out from Lerner’s (2003: 184) observation that address terms “appear to be deployed to do more than simply specify whom the speaker is addressing”, the article explores turn-initial as well as turn-final uses of address terms as practices of increased dialogism in everyday interaction. The paper argues that address terms function as a means to display a personified “orientation and sensitivity to the particular other(s)” (Sacks/Schegloff/Jefferson 1978: 43) – frequently used in disaffiliating activities.
Phase-Dependent Interactions in Visual Cortex to Combinations of First- and Second-Order Stimuli
Authors: Hutchinson Claire V. , Ledgeway Timothy , Baker Curtis L.
Published: December 2016

A fundamental task of the visual system is to extract figure–ground boundaries between objects, which are often defined, not only by differences in luminance, but also by “second-order” contrast or texture differences. Responses of cortical neurons to both first- and second-order patterns have been studied extensively, but only for responses to either type of stimulus in isolation. Here, we examined responses of visual cortex neurons to the spatial relationship between superimposed periodic luminance modulation (LM) and contrast modulation (CM) stimuli, the contrasts of which were adjusted to give equated responses when presented alone. Extracellular single-unit recordings were made in area 18 of the cat, the neurons of which show responses to CM and LM stimuli very similar to those in primate area V2 (Li et al., 2014). Most neurons showed a significant dependence on the relative phase of the combined LM and CM patterns, with a clear overall optimal response when they were approximately phase aligned. The degree of this phase preference, and the contributions of suppressive and/or facilitatory interactions, varied considerably from one neuron to another. Such phase-dependent and phase-invariant responses were evident in both simple- and complex-type cells. These results place important constraints on any future model of the underlying neural circuitry for second-order responses. The diversity in the degree of phase dependence between LM and CM stimuli that we observed could help to disambiguate different kinds of boundaries in natural scenes.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMany visual cortex neurons exhibit orientation-selective responses to boundaries defined by differences either in luminance or in texture contrast. Previous studies have examined responses to either type of boundary in isolation, but here we measured systematically responses of cortical neurons to the spatial relationship between superimposed periodic luminance-modulated (LM) and contrast-modulated (CM) stimuli with contrasts adjusted to give equated responses. We demonstrate that neuronal responses to these compound stimuli are highly dependent on the relative phase between the LM and CM components. Diversity in the degree of such phase dependence could help to disambiguate different kinds of boundaries in natural scenes, for example, those arising from surface reflectance changes or from illumination gradients such as shading or shadows.
Frontal, Striatal, and Medial Temporal Sensitivity to Value Distinguishes Risk-Taking from Risk-Aversive Older Adults during Decision Making
Authors: Goh Joshua O.S. , Su Yu-Shiang , Tang Yong-Jheng , McCarrey Anna C. , Tereshchenko Alexander , Elkins Wendy , Resnick Susan M.
Published: December 2016

Aging compromises the frontal, striatal, and medial temporal areas of the reward system, impeding accurate value representation and feedback processing critical for decision making. However, substantial variability characterizes age-related effects on the brain so that some older individuals evince clear neurocognitive declines whereas others are spared. Moreover, the functional correlates of normative individual differences in older-adult value-based decision making remain unclear. We performed a functional magnetic resonance imaging study in 173 human older adults during a lottery choice task in which costly to more desirable stakes were depicted using low to high expected values (EVs) of points. Across trials that varied in EVs, participants decided to accept or decline the offered stakes to maximize total accumulated points. We found that greater age was associated with less optimal decisions, accepting stakes when losses were likely and declining stakes when gains were likely, and was associated with increased frontal activity for costlier stakes. Critically, risk preferences varied substantially across older adults and neural sensitivity to EVs in the frontal, striatal, and medial temporal areas dissociated risk-aversive from risk-taking individuals. Specifically, risk-averters increased neural responses to increasing EVs as stakes became more desirable, whereas risk-takers increased neural responses with decreasing EV as stakes became more costly. Risk preference also modulated striatal responses during feedback with risk-takers showing more positive responses to gains compared with risk-averters. Our findings highlight the frontal, striatal, and medial temporal areas as key neural loci in which individual differences differentially affect value-based decision-making ability in older adults.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTFrontal, striatal, and medial temporal functions implicated in value-based decision processing of rewards and costs undergo substantial age-related changes. However, age effects on brain function and cognition differ across individuals. How this normative variation relates to older-adult value-based decision making is unclear. We found that although the ability make optimal decisions declines with age, there is still much individual variability in how this deterioration occurs. Critically, whereas risk-averters showed increased neural activity to increasingly valuable stakes in frontal, striatal, and medial temporal areas, risk-takers instead increased activity as stakes became more costly. Such distinct functional decision-making processing in these brain regions across normative older adults may reflect individual differences in susceptibility to age-related brain changes associated with incipient cognitive impairment.
Selective Neuronal Activation by Cochlear Implant Stimulation in Auditory Cortex of Awake Primate
Authors: Johnson Luke A. , Della Santina Charles C. , Wang Xiaoqin
Published: December 2016

Despite the success of cochlear implants (CIs) in human populations, most users perform poorly in noisy environments and music and tonal language perception. How CI devices engage the brain at the single neuron level has remained largely unknown, in particular in the primate brain. By comparing neuronal responses with acoustic and CI stimulation in marmoset monkeys unilaterally implanted with a CI electrode array, we discovered that CI stimulation was surprisingly ineffective at activating many neurons in auditory cortex, particularly in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the CI. Further analyses revealed that the CI-nonresponsive neurons were narrowly tuned to frequency and sound level when probed with acoustic stimuli; such neurons likely play a role in perceptual behaviors requiring fine frequency and level discrimination, tasks that CI users find especially challenging. These findings suggest potential deficits in central auditory processing of CI stimulation and provide important insights into factors responsible for poor CI user performance in a wide range of perceptual tasks.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe cochlear implant (CI) is the most successful neural prosthetic device to date and has restored hearing in hundreds of thousands of deaf individuals worldwide. However, despite its huge successes, CI users still face many perceptual limitations, and the brain mechanisms involved in hearing through CI devices remain poorly understood. By directly comparing single-neuron responses to acoustic and CI stimulation in auditory cortex of awake marmoset monkeys, we discovered that neurons unresponsive to CI stimulation were sharply tuned to frequency and sound level. Our results point out a major deficit in central auditory processing of CI stimulation and provide important insights into mechanisms underlying the poor CI user performance in a wide range of perceptual tasks.
Postnatal Odor Exposure Increases the Strength of Interglomerular Lateral Inhibition onto Olfactory Bulb Tufted Cells
Authors: Geramita Matthew , Urban Nathan N.
Published: December 2016

Lateral inhibition between pairs of olfactory bulb (OB) mitral cells (MCs) and tufted cells (TCs) is linked to a variety of computations including gain control, decorrelation, and gamma-frequency synchronization. Differential effects of lateral inhibition onto MCs and TCs via distinct lateral inhibitory circuits are one of several recently described circuit-level differences between MCs and TCs that allow each to encode separate olfactory features in parallel. Here, using acute OB slices from mice, we tested whether lateral inhibition is affected by prior odor exposure and if these effects differ between MCs and TCs. We found that early postnatal odor exposure to the M72 glomerulus ligand acetophenone increased the strength of interglomerular lateral inhibition onto TCs, but not MCs, when the M72 glomerulus was stimulated. These increases were specific to exposure to M72 ligands because exposure to hexanal did not increase the strength of M72-mediated lateral inhibition. Therefore, early life experiences may be an important factor shaping TC odor responses.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTResponses of olfactory (OB) bulb mitral cells (MCs) and tufted cells (TCs) are known to depend on prior odor exposure, yet the specific circuit mechanisms underlying these experience-dependent changes are unknown. Here, we show that odor exposure alters one particular circuit element, interglomerular lateral inhibition, which is known to be critical for a variety of OB computations. Early postnatal odor exposure to acetophenone, a ligand of M72 olfactory sensory neurons, increases the strength of M72-mediated lateral inhibition onto TCs, but not MCs, that project to nearby glomeruli. These findings add to a growing list of differences between MCs and TCs suggesting that that these two cell types play distinct roles in odor coding.
Vectored Intracerebral Immunization with the Anti-Tau Monoclonal Antibody PHF1 Markedly Reduces Tau Pathology in Mutant Tau Transgenic Mice
Authors: Liu Wencheng , Zhao Lingzhi , Blackman Brittany , Parmar Mayur , Wong Man Ying , Woo Thomas , Yu Fangmin , Chiuchiolo Maria J. , Sondhi Dolan , Kaminsky Stephen M. , Crystal Ronald G. , Paul Steven M.
Published: December 2016

Passive immunization with anti-tau monoclonal antibodies has been shown by several laboratories to reduce age-dependent tau pathology and neurodegeneration in mutant tau transgenic mice. These studies have used repeated high weekly doses of various tau antibodies administered systemically for several months and have reported reduced tau pathology of ∼40–50% in various brain regions. Here we show that direct intrahippocampal administration of the adeno-associated virus (AAV)-vectored anti-phospho-tau antibody PHF1 to P301S tau transgenic mice results in high and durable antibody expression, primarily in neurons. Hippocampal antibody levels achieved after AAV delivery were ∼50-fold more than those reported following repeated systemic administration. In contrast to systemic passive immunization, we observed markedly reduced (≥80–90%) hippocampal insoluble pathological tau species and neurofibrillary tangles following a single dose of AAV-vectored PHF1 compared with mice treated with an AAV-IgG control vector. Moreover, the hippocampal atrophy observed in untreated P301S mice was fully rescued by treatment with the AAV-vectored PHF1 antibody. Vectored passive immunotherapy with an anti-tau monoclonal antibody may represent a viable therapeutic strategy for treating or preventing such tauopathies as frontotemporal dementia, progressive supranuclear palsy, or Alzheimer's disease.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe have used an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector to deliver the genes encoding an anti-phospho-tau monoclonal antibody, PHF1, directly to the brain of mice that develop neurodegeneration due to a tau mutation that causes frontotemporal dementia (FTD). When administered systemically, PHF1 has been shown to modestly reduce tau pathology and neurodegeneration. Since such antibodies do not readily cross the blood–brain barrier, we used an AAV vector to deliver antibody directly to the hippocampus and observed much higher antibody levels and a much greater reduction in tau pathology. Using AAV vectors to deliver antibodies like PHF1 directly to brain may constitute a novel approach to treating various neurodegenerative disorders, such as FTD and Alzheimer's disease.
Dopamine directly increases mitochondrial mass and thermogenesis in brown adipocytes
Authors: Kohlie Rose , Perwitz Nina , Resch Julia , Schmid Sebastian M , Lehnert Hendrik , Klein Johannes , Iwen K Alexander
Published: December 2016

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is key to energy homeostasis. By virtue of its thermogenic potential, it may dissipate excessive energy, regulate body weight and increase insulin sensitivity. Catecholamines are critically involved in the regulation of BAT thermogenesis, yet research has focussed on the effects of noradrenaline and adrenaline. Some evidence suggests a role of dopamine (DA) in BAT thermogenesis, but the cellular mechanisms involved have not been addressed. We employed our extensively characterised murine brown adipocyte cells. D1-like and D2-like receptors were detectable at the protein level. Stimulation with DA caused an increase in cAMP concentrations. Oxygen consumption rates (OCR), mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) levels increased after 24 h of treatment with either DA or a D1-like specific receptor agonist. A D1-like receptor antagonist abolished the DA-mediated effect on OCR, Δψm and UCP1. DA induced the release of fatty acids, which did not additionally alter DA-mediated increases of OCR. Mitochondrial mass (as determined by (i) CCCP- and oligomycin-mediated effects on OCR and (ii) immunoblot analysis of mitochondrial proteins) also increased within 24 h. This was accompanied by an increase in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1 alpha protein levels. Also, DA caused an increase in p38 MAPK phosphorylation and pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAPK abolished the DA-mediated effect on Δψm. In summary, our study is the first to reveal direct D1-like receptor and p38 MAPK-mediated increases of thermogenesis and mitochondrial mass in brown adipocytes. These results expand our understanding of catecholaminergic effects on BAT thermogenesis.
Questions and Assays
Authors: Kleckner Nancy
Published: December 2016

The Thomas Hunt Morgan Medal is awarded to an individual Genetics Society of America member for lifetime achievement in the field of genetics. It recognizes the full body of work of an exceptional geneticist. The 2016 recipient is Nancy Kleckner, who has made many significant contributions to our understanding of chromosomes and the mechanisms of inheritance. Kleckner has made seminal achievements in several different research areas, including bacterial transposition, chromosome organization, and meiosis. She has repeatedly combined traditional genetic approaches with molecular biology, microscopy, physics, and modeling—unprecedented applications of these methods at the time, but which have now become commonplace. Indeed, she is widely recognized as one of the leaders in bringing meiosis research into the modern era. Notably, her laboratory played a key role in elucidating the mechanism that initiates meiotic recombination, has helped to decipher the “strand gymnastics” of recombination, and is beginning to provide insight into the enigmatic phenomenon of crossover interference.
Usefulness of a systematic exit survey for assessing residents’ satisfaction with postgraduate training: a pilot study
Authors: Favrod Céline , Koch Nathalie , Deriaz Sandra , Wasserfallen Jean-Blaise
Published: December 2016

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. Context: Residents and chief-residents' satisfaction assessment is important to promote quality training services in hospitals, and to adapt postgraduate training as well as working conditions. Exit interviews are helpful but are time consuming and not easy to manage in a large hospital. The usefulness of exit questionnaire has been demonstrated in large organisations. We wanted to assess the feasibility of implementing a routine exit questionnaire for physicians and the ability of the exit questionnaire to identify fields in need for quality improvement.Methods: From 2010 to 2014, we sent by post a self-reported questionnaire on satisfaction with working conditions, postgraduate training and supervision to residents and chief-residents leaving the hospital.Results: We obtained a response rate of 33%. The sample was representative of the resident population of our hospital considering gender and activity rate. Global satisfaction was good with 75.6% of respondents who agreed or strongly agreed with the proposed statements. The results of the survey were in line with what had been previously found using time-consuming exit interviews.Conclusion: The study demonstrated the feasibility and relevance to measure residents and chief-residents satisfaction using an exit questionnaire. The questionnaire used was easy to apply and provided relevant information for our teaching hospital in the Swiss context. The fields in need for improvement of postgraduate education were the appraisal system and individual career path counseling.
Practical Strategies for Thought Leaders in College Athletics and Higher Education: Developing a “Meaningful Education and Career Preparation as Compensation” Model
Authors: Bukstein Scott
Published: December 2016

Recent discussion amongst scholars and practitioners related to current issues in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college athletics has focused on areas such as the widespread commercialization of amateur sports, consistent corruption within athletics departments at NCAA member institutions, extensive exploitation of student-athletes and the necessity of a “pay for play” employee compensation model for student-athletes (see, for example, Benedict & Keteyian, 2014; Branch, 2011; Huma & Staurowsky, 2012; Nocera & Strauss, 2016; Southall & Staurowsky, 2013; Staurowsky, Maxcy, Karcher, Southall, Berri, & Otto, 2015). However, there has been minimal scholarly and industry discourse on how to leverage some of the revenues generated at the NCAA, conference and individual athletics program levels in order to develop innovative and sustainable higher education solutions that would prepare all student-athletes for career and personal success after participation in college athletics.  The primary objective of this journal article is to encourage a more informed conversation about important issues in college athletics in part by proposing several practical strategies that would improve the overall student-athlete experience and further align participation in college athletics with the core goals of institutions of higher education.  This research note provides an overview of the college athletics business model at Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) institutions within Division I of the NCAA.  In addition, this article reviews the current NCAA Division I governance structure.  An accurate knowledge of the business and governance realities within college athletics is essential to understanding that paying student-athletes an hourly wage or annual salary is actually not one of the main system issues or central student-athlete wellbeing priorities of advocates for student-athletes, athletics leaders and higher education administrators.  This article analyzes the primary issues and areas in which key college athletics stakeholders presently seek change and improvement.  This article also spotlights innovative, culturally relevant student-athlete career and professional development programs recently developed by the University of Central Florida, Oregon State University and Vanderbilt University.  Finally, this article provides a series of recommendations for all stakeholders involved in college athletics to optimize the student-athlete academic and athletic experience and to improve the level of career preparedness of all student-athletes.
Selection of progenitors for increase in oil content in soybean
Authors: Rodrigues Josiane Isabela da Silva , Arruda Klever Márcio Antunes , Piovesan Newton Deniz , Barros Everaldo Gonçalves de , Moreira Maurilio Alves
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT The low genetic diversity brings limitation to breeding, because genetically similar genotypes share alleles in common, causing little complementarity and low vigor due to the low levels of heterozygosity in crosses. The objective of this work was to analyze the oil content and genetic diversity of soybean genotypes (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) based on QTL regions of this trait for choice of progenitors for increase in oil content. Twenty-two genotypes with wide variation in oil content, including cultivars with high oil contents, were cultivated in different Brazilian conditions and the oil content of the grains was quantified by infrared spectrometry. Microsatellite markers selected based on QTL regions for oil content in soybean were analyzed to estimate the genetic diversity. In these studies, a wide variation in oil content (17.28-23.01%) and a reasonable diversity among the genotypes were observed, being PI181544 the most divergent genotype, followed by Suprema. The genotypes PI371610/Suprema and Suprema/CD01RR8384 showed genetic distance and higher oil contents in the grains, while the cultivars Suprema and CD01RR8384 had the highest oil contents and proved to be little genetically related. These genotypes are promising progenitors for selection of high oil content in soybean.
Efeito da aplicação de nitrogênio e de piraclostrobina em plantas de tomateiro cultivar Micro-Tom
Authors: Martinazzo Emanuela Garbin , Perboni Anelise Tessari , Tejada Monica Tamires , Posso Douglas Antonio , Galdino Ana Carolina Silva , Bacarin Marcos Antonio
Published: December 2016

RESUMO Fungicidas do grupo químico das estrobilurinas ganharam novas perspectivas de uso, em vista das vantagens obtidas pela ação dos efeitos fisiológicos positivos sobre as plantas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar o efeito da piraclostrobina nos teores de pigmentos fotossintéticos e de nitrogênio na atividade da enzima redutase do nitrato, em plantas de tomateiro cv. Micro-Tom, cultivadas com diferentes doses de nitrogênio. Aos 21 dias após o transplante (DAT), as plantas foram submetidas aos tratamentos: solução nutritiva completa, sem piraclostrobina; solução nutritiva completa, com piraclostrobina; solução nutritiva com 1/2 força iônica de nitrogênio, sem piraclostrobina; e solução nutritiva com 1/2 força iônica de nitrogênio, com piraclostrobina. A aplicação da piraclostrobina foi repetida aos 35 DAT. Aos 28 e 42 DAT, determinaram-se o teor de pigmentos fotossintéticos, o nitrogênio total e a atividade da enzima redutase do nitrato. A aplicação de piraclostrobina promoveu aumento dos teores de pigmentos apenas aos 28 DAT, nas plantas com fornecimento reduzido de nitrogênio. Duas aplicações de piraclostrobina não influenciaram no conteúdo de nitrogênio e na atividade da redutase do nitrato de plantas de tomateiro cv. Micro-Tom, cultivadas em solução nutritiva de Hoagland e Arnon.
Export and nutrient partitioning in organic onion
Authors: Bettoni Marcelle Michelotti , Mógor Átila Francisco , Pauletti Volnei , Silva Vitor Cezar Pacheco da , Koyama Renata
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT Early season onion crops, despite lower yield, is an opportunity for farmers to explore market and better prices in southern Brazil. Knowing the amount absorbed and the distribution of nutrients in the plant is essential for adequate management of fertilization. However, little information on this matter is available for onion, especially for organic farming and nontraditional periods in southern Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutrient absorption and partitioning in open-pollinated onion cultivars grown in organic system. The experiment was conducted in the Canguiri-UFPR experimental organic farm, Curitiba-PR, with sowing in January. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications. Cultivars Franciscana IPA-10 (purple), Vale Ouro IPA-11 and Brisa IPA-12 (from Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa Agropecuária - IPA), Alfa Tropical (from Embrapa Hortaliças), Alfa São Francisco (VIII cycle) and Alfa São Francisco-RT (thrips resistant- genotype under test; from Embrapa Semi-árido), and BR-29 (Topseed-Agristar) were selected for the study. Chemical analyses were performed for shoot and bulbs collected at harvest. The production potential of cultivars varied, and the most productive ones were the most efficient in converting the nutrients absorbed in bulb yield. The order of nutrient contents in the shoots was K > N > P > Ca > Mg > Fe > Zn > Mn = B > Cu, whereas in the bulbs it was K > N > P > Ca > Mg > Fe > B > Zn > Cu > Mn. Nutrients were required in the following order of amount K > N > P > Ca > Mg > Fe > Zn > B > Mn > Cu, per ton of fresh bulbs, and accumulated in greater quantity in the shoot, except Zn, which had higher concentration in the bulb.
Different propagules and auxin concentration on rooting of passionflower sandbank
Authors: Alexandre Rodrigo Sobreira , Costa Poliana Rangel , Chagas Kristhiano , Mayrinck Livia Giro , Giles João Antônio Dutra , Schmildt Edilson Romais
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT Passiflora mucronata Lam. is resistant to Fusarim oxysporum f. passifloraceae and therefore can be used as rootstock for the species Passiflora edulis Sims. f. flavicarpa. The rootstocks in this case can be vegetatively propagated through cuttings. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different types of cuttings and different concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) on the adventitious rooting of P. mucronata. The experiments were arranged in a completely randomized design with four replications of 16 cuttings each. In Experiment 1, the treatments consisted of the different types of cuttings from mother plants grown in protected environment: shoot tips; two leaves and two nodes; one leaf and one node; leafless with two nodes; leafless with one node. In Experiment 2, the cuttings were taken from field plants and treated with the following IBA concentrations: 0; 1000 mg kg-1 (0.0036456 mol L-1); 1500 mg kg-1 (0.0054684 mol L-1) and 2000 mg kg-1 (0.0072912 mol L-1). The characteristics evaluated in the experiments 1 and 2 were: survival (1 and 2); budding (1 and 2); shoot number (2), shoot length (2), number of shoot leaves (2);shoot dry mass (2); callusing (1); rooting (1 and 2); root number (1 and 2), largest root length (1 and 2), root volume (1 and 2), and root dry mass (1 and 2). We found that, instead the shoot tips, the cuttings of the type leafless with two nodes are the best for P. mucronata rooting. Neither the cuttings from greenhouse plants nor the cuttings from field plants require growth regulators for rooting of P. mucronata cuttings of the type leafless with two nodes.
DEFINING PRIORITY ZONES FOR CONSERVATION AND ECOTOURISM IN A PROTECTED AREA
Authors: Costa Taynan de Oliveira , Assis Letícia Rodrigues de , Calijuri Maria Lúcia , Assemany Paula Peixoto , Lima Gumercindo Souza
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT With the objective of promoting nature conservation, this study proposes an environmental zoning for a protected area that contains part of the remaining Atlantic Forest, a global hotspot that is home to several endangered species of flora and fauna. Conflicting therewith, the protected area is an important tourist attraction in the region and receives many visitors throughout the year. For the zoning preparation, the main factors and constraints of each objective (ecotourism and conservation) are established, and a multi-criteria analysis is used, in addition to the MOLA (Multi-Objective Land Allocation) algorithm, to establish the most suitable areas for each use. Extreme protection areas are defined through the intersection of endemic vegetation and soils and altitudes above 1,500 m. Thus, a fraction of 18% is obtained for extreme protection, 59% for conservation, and 23% for areas destined for ecotourism development. The results demonstrate the advantages of using these methods, due to their simplicity, which can support administrators in planning the protected area. The zoning is in accordance with the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) recommendation because the conservation area corresponds to approximately 77% of the park area, reinforcing the suitability and applicability of the methodology that is used for the zoning of a protected area.
PROTOCOL OF FACTORS ASSESSMENT INFLUENTIAL IN SUSCEPTIBILITY TO EROSION OF RIVER SLOPES
Authors: Monteiro Josita Soares , Padilha Damáris Gonçalves , Cruz Jussara Cabral
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT Actions to conserve rivers must be preceded by an environmental diagnosis, however, beyond the body of water, the adjacent atmosphere must also be characterized by ability of recognizing the human impacts and differentiate them of the natural variation of these ecosystems. This study aimed to develop a rapid assessment protocol (PAR), composed of seven parameters - vegetation, soil texture, part of the river, slope inclination slope gradient, soil depth in slope, stroke width of water course, use and land cover -, assigning them weights 0-4, in order to assess the influence of their categories in susceptibility to erosion of the river slope. The PAR was applied in 40 sampling unities (UA) in the watershed of Arroio Val de Buia in Silveira Martins, RS. From the final result of the PAR it was created erosion susceptibility classes, "stable", "susceptible" and "instable". The t test showed significant differences between the evaluated units and the Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (AHA) distinguished two classes of UA, according to the categories of susceptibility to erosion resulting from PAR. The basic parameters that determined the groupings were: soil, soil depth in slope, vegetation, the stretch of water course and, land use and land cover. We conclude that the PAR is presented as a good rapid assessment tool river, similar to the studied stream, being useful to the environmental planning considering the regional characteristics.
GENETIC CONTROL AND GENOTYPE-BY-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION OF WOOD WEIGHT IN Eucalyptus CLONES IN THE STATE OF RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRAZIL
Authors: Santos Gleison Augusto , Nunes Andrei Caíque Pires , Resende Marcos Deon Vilela , Silva Luciana Duque , Higa Antonio , Assis Teotônio Francisco
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to evaluate the genetic control and genotype-by-environment interaction in wood weight of Eucalyptus clones in four environments located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, aiming to select superior genotypes. In 2007, a network of clonal tests was established with 864 clones of Eucalyptus. At three years of age, diameter at breast height and total height were measured, as was depth of Pilodyn penetration, for indirect inference of wood basic density. The mean annual increment of dry weight (MAIweight) was calculated. Individual heritability of 0.148 and of 0.48 was found for MAIweight and Pilodyn penetration depth, respectively. The genetic correlation between environments ranged from 0.503 to 0.926 for all traits. The genotype-by-environment interaction was significant for the MAIweight index (0.533). From the environment interaction analysis, 3 "improvement areas" were defined for the trait MAIweight. The grouping of the traits wood density and volume to create a wood weight index was essential for a more accurate selection, since there was a change of 37% compared to the ranking of clones for volume. The simultaneous selection for stability and adaptability provided higher gains when compared to selection based on predicted genotypic values between environments. Moreover, MHPRVG allowed an increase in gains compared to the control. Thus, the five best clones were selected based on these criteria: 39912 (E. urophylla), 39659 (E. urophylla), 6808 (E. grandis), 36190 (E. saligna), 39407 (E. grandis x E. urophylla).
EGG STORAGE OF Podisus nigrispinus (HEMIPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE) PREDATORS AT LOW TEMPERATURES
Authors: Costa Victor Hugo Duarte da , Soares Marcus Alvarenga , Assis Júnior Sebastião Lourenço de , Silveira Rodrigo Diniz , Reis Tatiane Carla , Pires Evaldo Martins
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT Podisus nigrispinus are bedbug predators that are used as biological control agents of defoliating larvae in eucalypt plantations. The mass rearing of natural enemies produces large numbers of insects, but the number of predators produced may not coincide with the timing of the outbreaks of pest populations in the field. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different storage periods on the eggs of P. nigrispinus at low temperatures of 5, 13 and 15ºC. The treatments consisted of periods of 5, 10, 15 and 20 days of storage of predator eggs at each temperature indicated. After the different periods of storage, the eggs were removed, and the egg viability, the survival and duration of nymphal instars and the sex ratio of emerged adults were evaluated. Egg storage at 5ºC reduced the percentage of hatched eggs, while viability values close to 50% were observed for storage periods of up to 10 days at 13ºC and up to 15 days at 15ºC. For these treatments, the survival rates of nymphs were similar to those of the control. The different storage periods had no effect on the duration of the nymphal stage or the sex ratio of P. nigrispinus at any of the temperatures. Therefore, the storage temperature of 5ºC caused the death of the majority of the embryos, while it is possible to store P. nigrispinus eggs up to 10 and 15 days at 13 and 15ºC, respectively.
MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SAND FRACTION IN A SAND GRAIN IMAGE CAPTURE SYSTEM1
Authors: Viana Lucimar Arruda , Lima Dario Cardoso de , Costa Liovando Marciano da , Silva Claudio Henrique de Carvalho , Costa Weiner Gustavo Silva , Franco Yara Barbosa
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT Morphology studies assume significant importance in analysis of phenomena of granular systems packaging, in particular with a view to the use of the technique of soil stabilization named particle size correction in forest roads. In this context, this study aimed to develop and operationalize a Sand Grain Image Capture System and, hereby, determine the morphological indices of the sand fractions of two sandy soils called João Pinheiro (JP) and Cachoeira da Prata (CP). Soil samples, air-dried, were sieved (2.0 mm nominal mesh size) for removal of gravels. The materials that passed through the sieve were subjected to dispersion, washing in 0.053 mm nominal mesh size sieve, removal of organic matter and iron oxides to obtain the clean sand fractions. Subsequently, each soil sample was sieved for separation into twelve classes, between the diameters of 0.149 mm and 1.190 mm, using a Rotap shaker. Next, tests were carried out to characterize the morphometric attributes of the twelve classes of sand fractions of the soils studied. For validation of the performance of the Sand Grain Image Capture System, the results were compared to those obtained using a standard procedure for image analysis. The analysis of the results led to the following conclusions: (i) the sand fraction of the JP soil presented higher values for the morphometric indices roundness, elongation and compactness compared to sand fraction of the CP soil; and (ii) the Sand Grain Image Capture System worked properly, with practicality.
USE OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS IN PREDICTING PARTICLEBOARD QUALITY PARAMETERS
Authors: Melo Rafael Rodolfo de , Miguel Eder Pereira
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT This study aims to assess Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) in predicting particleboard quality based on its physical and mechanical properties. Particleboards were manufactured using eucalyptus (Eucalyptus grandis) and bonded with urea-formaldehyde and phenol-formaldehyde resins. To characterize quality, physical (density and water absorption and thickness swelling after 24-hour immersion) and mechanical (static bending strength and internal bond) properties were assessed. For predictions, adhesive type and particleboard density were adopted as ANN input variables. Networks of multilayer Perceptron (MLP) were adopted, training 100 networks for each assessed parameter. The results pointed out ANN as effective in predicting quality parameters of particleboards. With this technique, all the assessed properties presented models with adjustments higher than 0.90.
El desarrollo personal de los jóvenes de Medellín, Colombia: más allá de las conductas de riesgo y de resiliencia
Authors: Hernández-Holguín Dora M. , Sánchez Isabel C. , Páez Esteban , Montoya-Vásquez Erika Maria
Published: December 2016

Resumen: El estudio de los jóvenes se ha ido afianzando hacia enfoques dinámicos e integrales, y no sólo de tipo comportamental y psicopatológico, así se consideró contribuir a la comprensión de la manera en que se produce el desarrollo personal de los adolescentes, y el lugar que ocupa la resiliencia en ellos desde su propia perspectiva, en jóvenes que se ven enfrentados a un mundo complejo, de riesgos y oportunidades, donde la violencia es una clara característica. Se hizo una investigación cualitativa, con un enfoque hermenéutico; se realizaron 48 entrevistas en profundidad, las cuales se analizaron con herramientas de la teoría fundamentada en tres etapas, descriptiva, analítica e interpretativa. Se encontró que la clasificación taxativa de los jóvenes como resilientes o no, o con problemas de conducta o no, no corresponde a cómo ellos viven su desarrollo, este se da de manera dinámica y cambiante, de acuerdo con sus características, potencialidades, necesidades e intereses, y las oportunidades que encuentran en los contextos.
Hepatitis A seroprevalence in public school children in Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, prior to the introduction of the hepatitis A universal childhood vaccination
Authors: Kury Charbell Miguel , Pinto Marcelo Alves , Silva Jaquelline Pereira da , Cruz Oswaldo Gonçalves , Vitral Claudia Lamarca
Published: December 2016

Abstract: This cross-sectional study was carried out between August 2011 and July 2012 in the city of Campos dos Goytacazes in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Dried blood spot samples were collected on filter paper from 919 individuals between the ages of 1 and 19 and were tested for antibodies against the hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV). The total prevalence was 20.7%, while 94.7% of children under the age of 5 were found to be susceptible to HAV infection. The prevalence of anti-HAV increased with age, reaching 33.3% among individuals aged between 15 and 19, thereby indicating that this municipality has a low level of endemicity for hepatitis A. Age, non-white skin color, accustomed to swimming in the river and more than five people living at home were the factors that were associated with an increase in the chance of a positive anti-HAV result. Mother's education level (secondary or tertiary) was considered a protective factor for HAV infection. The data obtained showed that a large proportion of the children from Campos dos Goytacazes were at risk of HAV infection, which should be minimized with the introduction of the vaccination program against hepatitis A that was launched in the municipality in 2011.
Craniofacial Morphology Affects Bite Force in Patients with Painful Temporomandibular Disorders
Authors: Bavia Paula Furlan ,   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil, Vilanova Larissa Soares Reis , Garcia Renata Cunha Matheus Rodrigues
Published: December 2016

Abstract Craniofacial morphology affects masticatory performance in healthy dentate subjects, but little is known about its effects in patients with painful temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Forty-eight female patients (mean age of 28±5.8 years) with painful TMDs underwent lateral cephalometric radiography. Using Ricketts' cephalometric analysis and the Vert method, subjects were assigned to three groups according to their craniofacial morphology: brachyfacial (n=22), mesofacial (n=13), and dolichofacial (n=13). Research diagnostic criteria for TMD were used to confirm the TMD diagnosis for each patient. Pain intensity was reported by each patient based on a visual analog scale (VAS). Maximum bite force (MBF) was measured with pressure sensors placed on the first molar site. Masticatory performance (MP) was assessed by chewing a silicone-based artificial material and determining the resulting particle size by the sieve method. Chewing ability (CA) was evaluated for seven food types and analyzed by a VAS questionnaire. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey-Kramer test (p<0.05). MBF differed in each group, with brachyfacial patients having the highest MBF values. There was no difference in MP among the groups. The groups differed only in their ability to chew one of the seven evaluated food types. In summary, craniofacial morphology affects the MBF without impairing MP or CA in patients with painful TMDs.
Effect of Glaze Cooling Rate on Mechanical Properties of Conventional and Pressed Porcelain on Zirconia
Authors: Longhini Diogo ,   Universidade Estadual Paulista,  Brazil, Rocha Cibele Oliveira de Melo , Medeiros Igor Studart , Fonseca Renata Garcia , Adabo Gelson Luis ,   Universidade de São Paulo,  Brazil
Published: December 2016

Abstract The aim of this study was to characterize a conventional and a pressed porcelain for zirconia core as to biaxial flexural strength (BFS), apparent fracture toughness (FT) and microstructure composition, and to investigate the effect of glaze cooling rate on the BFS of the zirconia/porcelain bilayers. Monolayers of conventional porcelain Vita VM9 and pressed porcelain Vita PM9 (n=15) (12 mm diameter x 1.2 mm thick) were prepared for the BFS test (MPa). Apparent fracture toughness (MPa.m1/2) was measured by indentation technique (n=15). t-Student test was performed for statistical analysis. Scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction were used to analyze the porcelain's microstructure. For the BFS of bilayers, zirconia discs (12 mm diameter x 1 mm thick) (Vita In-Ceram YZ) were veneered with the two porcelains (1 mm thick). After the glaze firing simulation, the specimens were submitted to fast or slow cooling (n=15). Apparent fracture toughness (MPa.m1/2) was measured on the porcelain surface of bilayers (n=15) and residual stress was calculated. Two-way ANOVA (porcelain and cooling method) was used for the bilayer analysis (a=0.05). Vita PM9 monolayer exhibited significantly higher BFS (p<0.01), but there was no significant difference (p=0.41) in the FT between the porcelains. For bilayer specimens, the two-way ANOVA for BFS was significant for the porcelain variable only (p<0.01) better for Vita PM9/zirconia. Two-way ANOVA for the FT for the bilayers was not significant for any variable. All groups showed compressive residual stresses. The pressed porcelain seems to be mechanically more effective for zirconia veneering.
Limewater and Polymyxin B Associated with NaOCl for Endotoxin Detoxification in Root Canal with Necrotic Pulp
Authors: Carvalho Alessandra Sverberi ,   Univ Estadual Paulista, Brazil, Oliveira Luciane Dias de , Cardoso Flávia Goulart da Rosa , Oliveira Felipe Eduardo de , Valera Marcia Carneiro , Carvalho Cláudio Antônio Talge ,   Univ Estadual Paulista, Brazil,   Universidade de Taubaté, Brazil
Published: December 2016

Abstract This clinical study investigated the effects of endodontic treatment by using different irrigants (limewater + NaOCl and polymyxin B + NaOCl) and intracanal medication on endotoxins in teeth with primary endodontic infection and radiographically visible apical periodontitis. Thirty-three teeth with necrotic pulp and periapical lesions from different patients were selected for this study. Samples were collected after the coronal opening (S1) and after instrumentation (S2). Root canals were divided in 3 groups (n = 11) according to the irrigant combination used: NaOCl + LW: 2.5% NaOCl + calcium hydroxide solution (0.14%, limewater); NaOCl + PmB: 2.5% NaOCl + 10.000 UI/mL polymyxin B; 2.5% NaOCl (control). The third sampling (S3) was performed after ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and the fourth (S4) after samples got 14 days with intracanal medication with 2% chlorhexidine gel + calcium hydroxide. Endotoxins (lipopolysaccharide) were quantified by chromogenic Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL). Endotoxins were detected in all root canals after the coronal opening (S1). NaOCl + PmB group presented the greatest endotoxin reduction after instrumentation (76.17%), similar to NaOCl + LW group (67.64%, p<0.05) and different from NaOCl group (42.17%, p<0.05). After intracanal medication period (S4), there was significant increase of endotoxins neutralization. It was concluded that NaOCl + PmB promoted the greatest reduction of endotoxin levels, followed by NaOCl + LW. Intracanal medications had no significant complementary role in the reduction of endotoxins at the end of the treatment