bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Williamson nanofluid MHD over a nonlinear stretchable sheet by velocity slip and newtonian heating
Authors: Kune Ramesh , Naik S. Hari Singh , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy
Published: June 2023

In this paper, the influence of velocity slip and the Newtonian heating parameters on Williamson Nanofluid across a variable stretching sheet is studied. The basic fluid flow equations are turned into a system of coupled ordinary differential equations with appropriate conditions, which are solved numerically with the Keller-box approach. The outcomes show that, increasing Williamson parameter, due to the viscosity velocity of the fluid slowdown. As a result, it is noticed that the velocity slip parameter reduces Williamson Nanofluid velocity, while increasing shear stress, according to the results. Furthermore, it has been discovered that unlike velocity profiles, the slip influence is more pronounced on temperature and concentration profiles. Furthermore, the Newtonian heating parameter may be shown to have rising functions for velocity and dimensionless temperature. Newtonian heating has uses in the petroleum industry, heat exchangers, conjugate heat transfer around fins and solar radiation. It is discovered that the Joule heating parameter improves the thermal boundary layer thickness and slows down the velocity of the fluid, which aids in maintaining system temperature. Additionally, it has been found that the temperature profile exhibits a stronger slip effect compared with the velocity profile. To prepare toffee, chocolate and other delicacies as efficiently as possible, it is crucial to investigate the flow of Williamson fluids (such as drilling muds, clay coatings, various suspensions and some lubricating oils, thermoplastic melts, and a variety of colloids) in the incidence of heat transfer. The novelty of this paper is the effect of joule heating, Newtonian heating parameter and velocity slip on Williamson fluid velocity and temperature gradient. Furthermore, the heat and mass transfer rates are calculated for various parameters numerically and shown in tabular form.
Radiation absorption impact on the thermophysical properties of Cu- and TiO2-water nanofluids: Laplace transform technique
Authors: Sharma Ram Prakash , Mishra S. R. , Panda G. K.
Published: June 2023

An electrically conducting time-dependent flow of water-based nanofluid comprised of Copper and Titanium oxide over a stationary plate embedding with a porous matrix is analyzed in this study. The novelty arises due to the interaction of both the thermal radiation as well as the radiation absorption that affect the heat transport phenomenon. In the single-phase flow, both the variation of particle concentration and the solutal concentration for the inclusion of chemical reaction are taken care of. Also, the influence of the free convection phenomena is explained significantly. The transformed dimensionless system of the governing equations is handled analytically by using the Laplace Transform method. The behavior of the characterizing parameters involved in the governing equations is presented via graphs and the simulation of the numerical results of the rate coefficients like shear rate and rate of heat and solutal transfer is deployed through the table. However, the physical significance of these parameters is deliberated briefly. Finally, the important outcomes are higher heavier species because of lesser solutal diffusivity which attenuates the fluid concentration throughout the domain. Further, radiation absorption causes a significant boost in the nanofluid temperature distribution.
Effects of tensile deformation on the electronic and optical properties of O atom adsorbed monolayer β-Be3N2
Authors: Chen Yuling , Liu Guili , Wei Lin , He Jianlin , Zhang Guoying
Published: June 2023

Based on density functional theory, the effects of tensile deformation on the stability, electronic properties and optical properties of [Formula: see text]-Be3N2 adsorbed O atom system were investigated. The results show that the structure of [Formula: see text]-Be3N2 is deformed because of the O atoms’ adsorption, which pulls up the Be atoms and repels the N atoms, leading to the re-hybridization of the N atoms with the Be atomic orbitals, thus changing its bandgap. With tensile deformation, the adsorption energy of [Formula: see text]-Be3N2 adsorbed O atom system decreases with increasing tensile deformation, and the stability of the system increases. The energy bandgaps of [Formula: see text]-Be3N2 adsorbed O atom system and [Formula: see text]-Be3N2 systems exhibit different trends of change, respectively. As the stretching rate increases, the system’s maximum absorption and reflection peaks alter.
On the induced partial action of a quotient group and a structure theorem for a partial Galois extension
Authors: Kuo Jung-Miao , Szeto George
Published: June 2023

Let [Formula: see text] be a ring with a partial action [Formula: see text] of a finite group [Formula: see text]. We determine when a quotient group of [Formula: see text] gives rise to a partial action induced by [Formula: see text] on a subring of [Formula: see text]. As an application, we show that if [Formula: see text] is an [Formula: see text]-partial Galois extension and [Formula: see text] is a normal subgroup of [Formula: see text], then under certain conditions [Formula: see text] under the partial action of [Formula: see text] induced by [Formula: see text], denoted by [Formula: see text], is a partial Galois extension. This result was just shown recently by Bagio et al., applying globalization to derive a partial action of [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text], totally different from the one presented in this paper arising from a Boolean ring generated by certain idempotents. We further show in either type of induced partial action of a quotient group that under certain conditions [Formula: see text] is a DeMeyer–Kanzaki [Formula: see text]-partial Galois extension whenever [Formula: see text] is an [Formula: see text]-partial Galois Azumaya extension. A structure theorem for a partial Galois extension is also presented, namely, every partial Galois extension can be decomposed as a direct sum of Galois extensions and possibly a trivial partial Galois extension of type II.
On the number of tilting modules over a class of Auslander algebras
Authors: Chen D. , Zhang X.
Published: June 2023

Let [Formula: see text] be a radical square zero algebra of a Dynkin quiver and let [Formula: see text] be the Auslander algebra of [Formula: see text]. Then the number of tilting right [Formula: see text]-modules is [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] is of [Formula: see text] type for [Formula: see text]. Otherwise, the number of tilting right [Formula: see text]-modules is [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] is either of [Formula: see text] type for [Formula: see text] or of [Formula: see text] type for [Formula: see text].
Differentially fixed ideals in affine semigroup rings
Authors: Miller Lance Edward , Taylor William D. , Vassilev Janet
Published: June 2023

We give a complete characterization of when monomial ideals are fixed by differential operators of affine semigroup rings over [Formula: see text]. Perhaps surprisingly, every monomial ideal is fixed by an infinite set of homogeneous differential operators and is in fact determined by them. This opens up a new tool for studying monomial ideals. We explore applications of this to (mixed) multiplier ideals and other variants as well as give examples of detecting ideal membership in integrally closed powers and symbolic powers of squarefree monomial ideals.
An improved microscopic core–quasiparticle coupling model for spectroscopy of odd-mass nuclei with octupole correlations
Authors: Zhao Xin , Li Zhipan , Vretenar Dario
Published: June 2023

The microscopic core–quasiparticle coupling model for odd-A nuclei with octupole correlations is extended to include the monopole, quadrupole and octupole couplings between the core and the odd nucleon, based on the framework of covariant density functional theory. The model is tested in a study of low-lying excitation spectra for the odd-A nucleus [Formula: see text]Ra. Theoretical results, e.g., the parity doublets, interband [Formula: see text] and intraband [Formula: see text], are in very good agreement with the available data. In particular, the description of signature splitting in the ground-state band has been improved. This method provides a very useful tool for a systematic study of low-energy spectra in odd-mass actinides with octupole correlations.
MODELING THE EFFECTS OF TV AND SOCIAL MEDIA ADVERTISEMENTS ON DIABETES
Authors: MISRA ARVIND KUMAR , KUMARI MAMTA
Published: June 2023

Diabetes is a widespread non-contagious disease, and a significant fraction of human population in the world is affected by it. Lifestyle changes including physical activities and a healthy diet can prevent or delay the onset of diabetes and its complications. In this paper, nonlinear mathematical models are proposed and analyzed to study the role of awareness in the prevention of diabetes. In model formulation, first it is assumed that the unaware people become aware through word-of-mouth communication only and adopt a preventive lifestyle to reduce the peril of diabetes. Subsequently, the proposed model is extended by incorporating the effect of social media and TV advertisements on diabetes awareness. An awareness generation number is obtained for the first model and it is found that the system exhibits transcritical bifurcation when this number crosses unity. Both models are analyzed qualitatively and a comparison of outcomes reveals that social media and TV ads are more effective in raising the level of awareness among individuals and helps to inhibit the risk of diabetes mellitus. The analytical results are verified through numerical simulation.
COMBINED IMPACT OF CANNIBALISM AND ALLEE EFFECT ON THE DYNAMICS OF A PREY–PREDATOR MODEL
Authors: KUMAR UDAI , MANDAL PARTHA SARATHI
Published: June 2023

In ecological environment, Allee effect is one of the important factors which cause significant changes to the system dynamics. In this paper, using the theory of dynamical systems, we analyze a variation of a standard cannibalistic two-dimensional prey–predator model with Holling type-II functional response in the presence of both weak and strong Allee effects. We have analyzed the impact of strong and weak Allee effects on the dynamics of a cannibalistic system, knowing the dynamics of the cannibalistic model without Allee effect. We have deduced that in the presence of cannibalism, both strong and weak Allee effects generate bistability between equilibrium points. For strong Allee effect, bistability occurs between trivial equilibrium point and predator-free equilibrium point as well as between trivial and coexistence equilibrium points. But for weak Allee effect, bistability occurs only between coexistence equilibrium points. We also pointed out that the cannibalistic system without Allee effect exhibits tristability among the trivial equilibrium point, coexistence equilibrium point having low prey concentration and coexistence equilibrium point having comparatively high prey concentration. But in the presence of strong Allee effect, cannibalistic system experiences tristability among trivial and two other stable coexistence equilibrium points. By a comprehensive bifurcation analysis, we have observed that Allee effect enriches both the local and global dynamics of the system. Here, we have reported all possible codimension-one and codimension-two bifurcations extensively by choosing cannibalism, Allee effect and predator natural death rate as the bifurcation parameters. In the analysis of bifurcations, we have explored the existence of transcritical bifurcation, saddle-node bifurcation, Hopf bifurcation, Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation and Bautin bifurcation. Our analytical findings are validated through exhaustive numerical simulations. Finally, we have reported a comparative study between the impacts of strong and weak Allee effects on the dynamics of the cannibalistic system.
ANALYTICAL TREATMENTS TO SYSTEMS OF FRACTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH MODIFIED ATANGANA–BALEANU DERIVATIVE
Authors: AL-REFAI MOHAMMED , SYAM MUHAMMED I. , BALEANU DUMITRU
Published: June 2023

The solutions of systems of fractional differential equations depend on the type of the fractional derivative used in the system. In this paper, we present in closed forms the solutions of linear systems involving the modified Atangana–Baleanu derivative that has been introduced recently. For the nonlinear systems, we implement a numerical scheme based on the collocation method to obtain approximate solutions. The applicability of the results is tested through several examples. We emphasize here that certain systems with the Atangana–Baleanu derivative admit no solutions which is not the case with the modified derivative.
CONSTRUCTION OF CLOSED FORM SOLITON SOLUTIONS TO THE SPACE-TIME FRACTIONAL SYMMETRIC REGULARIZED LONG WAVE EQUATION USING TWO RELIABLE METHODS
Authors: ALMATRAFI M. B.
Published: June 2023

The employment of nonlinear fractional partial differential equations (NLFPDEs) is not limited to branches of mathematics entirely but also applicable in other science fields such as biology, physics and engineering. This paper derives some solitary wave solutions for the space-time fractional symmetric regularized long wave (SRLW) equation by means of the improved [Formula: see text]-expansion approach and the [Formula: see text]-expansion method. We use the definition of the Jumarie’s modified Riemann–Liouville derivative to handle the fractional derivatives appearing in this equation. Diverse types of soliton solutions are successfully expressed on the form of rational, hyperbolic, trigonometric, and complex functions. We extract kink wave, internal solitary wave, and solitary wave solutions. The performances of the proposed methods are compared with each other. Moreover, we compare the constructed results with some published solutions. The long behaviors of the obtained solutions are plotted in 2D and 3D figures. The resulting outcomes point out that the used techniques promise to empower us to deal with more NLFPDEs arising in mathematical physics.
A new approach for construction of a SHG-active coordination polymer with multifunctional ligands and Cu ions
Authors: Guan Lei , Hao Xinyu , Wang Ying , Xiong Xuejia
Published: June 2023

A novel copper coordination polymer [Cu(Hssipa)(Hpao)(H2O)][Formula: see text] (1) based on 5-sulfoisophthalic acid monosodium salt (NaH2ssipa) and 2-pyridinealdoxime (Hpao) has been synthesized by solvent evaporation under magnetic field condition. Compound 1 feathers a two-dimensional framework with [Formula: see text] topology, which is constructed by Hssipa[Formula: see text] ligands linked with Cu ions via the carboxylate and sulfonate groups in monodentate and bidentate modes, respectively. The Hpao molecules act as terminal ligands, chelated with Cu ions. Compound 1 displays the luminescence, arising from ligand centered [Formula: see text] transitions. In addition, the second-harmonic-generation (SHG) measurement revealed that it has a SHG response, which is 1.9 times that of KH2PO4.
Diverse optical solitons to the Radhakrishnan–Kundu–Lakshmanan equation for the light pulses
Authors: Wang Kang-Jia , Wang Guo-Dong , Shi Feng
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we study the Radhakrishnan–Kundu–Lakshmanan equation (RKLE) that plays a key role in modeling the nonlinear propagation of the light pulses. Two novel methods namely Wang’s Bäcklund transformation-based method and Wang’s direct mapping method are employed to construct the diverse exact optical soliton solutions. Abundant exact solutions like the bright soliton solution, dark soliton solutions, singular soliton solutions, algebraic solitary wave solutions and the singular periodic wave solutions expressed in the form of the rational function type, double-exp function type, Sin-Cos function type, Tan function type, Cot function type, Sinh-Cosh function type, Tanh function type, Coth function type, Sech function type, Csch function type, Sec function type and Csc function type are obtained. The dynamics of the different exact solutions are presented through the 3D plot, contour and 2D curve, and the corresponding physical interpretations are elaborated in detail. It is confirmed that the proposed methods are effective and powerful, and can be adopted to construct the optical solitons of the other PDEs arising in the optical physics.
Random Dynamic Analysis and Running Safety Assessment of Long-Span Cable-Stayed Bridge Under High-Speed Trains Subjected to Earthquake Excitations and Track Irregularities
Authors: Mao Jian-Feng , Chen Xiao-Tong , Yu Zhi-Wu , Jiang Li-Zhong , Moyi Aliyu Yusuf
Published: June 2023

Running trains on a long-span bridge under earthquake is an inevitable problem for the high-speed railway in seismic regions. This paper aims to investigate the seismically random dynamic behavior of train–cable stayed bridges interaction system using the probability density evolution method (PDEM). The system simultaneously involves the multi-effect of random multi-point earthquake excitations with traveling waves and random track irregularity. The multi-point earthquake excitations, composed of lateral and vertical positions, are generated by stochastic harmful functions (SHFs) and uniformly modulated into nonstationary random processes. The motion equation of such a system is established by coupling the 38-degree vehicles and bridges through the refined random wheel/rail contact relationship and accounting for the phase-lags of seismic travelling waves between pier excitations. PDEM is proven to be applicable to such time-dependent systems and is then used to transform the random excitations into a series of deterministic representative excitations with initial probability. By solving for the corresponding deterministic probability responses, various nonstationary random responses, including the time-dependent probability density evolution functions of random responses, mean values curves and standard deviations, can be obtained easily. A case study based on the cable-stayed bridge is then presented, and the results show the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method by comparison with Monte Carlo Simulation. Additionally, the influence of train speed and seismic intensity on the safety and reliability of trains is discussed.
Performance of Floating Slab Track with Rubber Vibration Isolator
Authors: Deng Shijie , Ren Juanjuan , Zhang Kaiyao , Xiao Yuanjie , Liu Jia , Du Wei , Ye Wen-Long
Published: June 2023

This study systematically introduces a floating slab track (FST) with rubber vibration isolator (RVI) and investigates its behavior in urban rail transit. The FEM is used for modal analysis to clarify the modal parameters of the FST system. A vehicle–slab track coupling sub-model and a tunnel–soil coupling sub-model were established and the propagation law was analyzed by calculating the vertical vibration accelerations beneath the shield wall as well as the vertical vibratory acceleration levels of the surrounding soil. A wheel-set drop test was carried out to verify the actual vibration isolation effect compared with the numerical models. The results reveal that the vibratory acceleration levels at the distance of 20[Formula: see text]m from the tunnel center-line basically meet the requirements for vibration in most areas of a city. The variation trend of the vibratory acceleration level measured in laboratory tests agrees well with the calculated values from the numerical simulation. The attenuation amplitude of the levels reaches 19.33[Formula: see text]dB with the German high disturbance irregularity and 20.05[Formula: see text]dB with the short-wave irregularity in the simulation, and the levels are reduced by 45–58[Formula: see text]dB in laboratory tests which demonstrate the FST with RVI performs well in vibration isolation.
The automorphism group of a multi-GGS group
Authors: Petschick Jan Moritz
Published: June 2023

A multi-GGS group is a group of automorphisms of a regular rooted tree, generalizing the Gupta–Sidki [Formula: see text]-groups. We compute the automorphism groups of all non-constant multi-GGS groups.
An Integrated Approach Based on MADM and MODM for Order Picking System Considering Human Factors
Authors: Nikkhoo Fatemeh , Kashan Ali Husseinzadeh , Ostadi Bakhtiar , Nikbakhsh Ehsan
Published: June 2023

Optimizing order-picking systems (OPSs) while considering human factors and integrating key decisions is a major challenge for warehouse managers. This study presents a two-stage framework based on multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) and multi-objective decision-making (MODM) models to integrate decisions on picker selection, order batching, batch assignment, picker routing, and scheduling. In the first stage, the human factors affecting picker selection are considered as the problem’s criteria and the available pickers are treated as alternatives. The fuzzy entropy method and fuzzy COmplex PRoportional ASsessment (COPRAS) are used to weight the factors and rank the pickers, respectively. In the second stage, a three-objective mathematical model is formulated to minimize makespan and the operating costs of picking while maximizing the total scores of the selected pickers. The improved augmented epsilon constraint method (AUGMECON2) and the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) are applied to solve the proposed model. The performance of the two methods is tested on well-known benchmark instances and a real-world case study. The NSGA-II algorithm can generate optimal results using only about 6.58% of the CPU time required by AUGMECON2 to solve the problem. Our computational experiments show that increasing the number of pickers from 2 to 8 and doubling their capacity reduces the makespan by 2.61% and 2.74%, respectively.
Big Data Analytics Implications on Central Banking Green Technological Progress
Authors: Ahmed Elsadig Musa
Published: June 2023

This paper examines big data analytics implications on the central banking financial system’s technological progress. A digital technological progress framework and model is established to analyze the economy’s aggregate supply via covering the monetary policy, big data analytics, pollutants emissions as independent variables and the economy’s aggregate demand as a moderating variable in a modified extensive growth theory framework and model to compute the productivity indicators and the total factor productivity (TFP) as the central banking technological progress that combined the mentioned variables qualities contribution. Besides, data analytics positive and negative externalities that include data analytics shortcomings as unpriced undesirable output in the form of cybersecurity and pollutants’ emissions among other proxies are internalized in the framework and the model to integrate the digital technology innovation with digital technology shortcomings and climate change. This revised extensive theory framework and model is a remarkable technique comprehensive of the technological progress matters and sustainable economic development and is considered one of the most important sustainable development and long-run economic growth proportions in the central banking financial system functions to manage the economy’s aggregate supply and demand that unnoticed by previous studies.
Non-commutative wormhole in non-minimal curvature–matter coupling of f(R) gravity with Gaussian and Lorentzian distributions
Authors: Debnath Ujjal , Molla Niyaz Uddin , Pradhan Anirudh
Published: June 2023

In this work, we construct two new wormhole solutions in the theory dealing with non-minimal coupling between curvature and matter. We take into account an explicitly non-minimal coupling between an arbitrary function of scalar curvature [Formula: see text] and the Lagrangian density of matter. For this purpose, we discuss the Wormhole geometries inspired by non-minimal curvature coupling in [Formula: see text] gravity for linear model in [Formula: see text] as well as nonlinear model in [Formula: see text]. To derive these solutions, we choose the Gaussian and Lorentzian density distributions. To check the viability of these solutions, we plot the graphs for energy conditions and wormhole parameters. It is found that obtained wormhole solutions in both distributions satisfy the energy condition. The resulting wormhole solutions for both non-commutative distributions are determined to be physically stable when we evaluate the stability of these wormhole solutions graphically. It is concluded that wormhole solutions exist with viable physical properties in the non-minimal curvature–matter coupling of [Formula: see text] gravity with Gaussian and Lorentzian distributions.
The geometrical meaning of the Weitzenböck connection
Authors: Golovnev Alexey
Published: June 2023

In the literature, there are many discussions about the local Lorentz invariance of modified teleparallel gravity. This symmetry is obviously violated in the classical “pure tetrad” formulation of the theory, while it gets restored in the “fully covariant” approach. My claim is that, despite many heated discussions, the two formulations are just equivalent. The purpose of this note is to argue that the local Lorentz invariance is not natural for the modified teleparallel theories at all, making the pure tetrad approach more fundamentally justified.
Artificial Intelligence in Evidence-based Medicine: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Li Xue , Zou Catherine , Boots Robert , Wang Sen , Chen Weitong , Zuccon Guido
Published: June 2023

Evidence-based Medicine (EBM) is facing a new challenge in applying Artificial Intelligence (AI) for better services. Here the fundamental question is: can AI be used as a human intelligence amplifier to make better evidence-based medical decisions? This argument can only be answered if AI-supported decisions are compared and contrasted with those of human experts, and if the implementation of AI-enabled Evidence-Based Medicine (AiEBM) can be explained or justified using the available evidence and experience. In this paper, we propose AiEBM as a human-centered approach to be integrated into processes of healthcare systems, thereby increasing the credibility of the clinical decision support systems. We provide insights into the applicability of AI and its challenges and opportunities in EBM. The AaaS (AI as a Service) and high-order reasoning facilitated by machine learning and AI for medical decisions will be discussed.
First-Principles Simulation of Ferromagnetic CdHo2Y4 (Y = S, Se) Spinels for Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Khushi Humera , Nazir Sadia , Noor N. A. , Mahmood A. , Alanazi Yousef Mohammed , Mumtaz Sohail
Published: June 2023

To explore the basis of the ferromagnetic semiconducting nature of the materials, CdHo2Y4 (Y = S, Se), full potentials approximations have been applied to calculate the elastic, optical, and transport properties. We employ the generalized gradient approximation (PBEsol) for examining the structural and elastic properties of these compounds, while the modified Becke-Johnson (mBJ) functional is employed for obtaining a better accord of the electronic and thermoelectric properties with experimental observations. The evaluated values of elastic constants and their related elements have been used to reveal the brittle nature of the analyzed material. The knowledge of band structures and density of states (DOS) escorted to findings that the stability of ferromagnetic states of the analyzed materials is the consequence of exchange splitting of Ho cation existing in the lattice, which is p-d hybridization. The contribution of magnetic moment, spin and charge among the impurity cations and host anions distinctly stipulates the exchange splitting of bands. The thermal coefficients possess requisite significance to inspect the material’s thermal stability in extenuated range temperature. In addition, the dielectric complex function completely describes the optical behavior of the material.
Development of NiCoO2 Nanoparticles based Electrochemical Sensor with Extremely Low Detection for Hazardous 4-Nitrophenol
Authors: MB Shubha , C. Manjunatha , M. Sudeep , S. Chandruvasan , Malik Sumira , Sekhar Praveen
Published: June 2023

In this study, we report the synthesis of Nickel Cobalt Oxide (NiCoO2) nanoparticles by the solution combustion method using Citric acid, Glycine, Urea, and Glucose as green fuels, for the electrochemical detection of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). The synthesized NiCoO2 nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX). It was found from XRD and SEM, that the NiCoO2 synthesized using urea as a fuel had smallest crystalline size and promising morphology as a result, it exhibited very good electrochemical sensing capability. Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) was employed to investigate the electrochemical behavior of the synthesized NiCoO2 nanoparticles towards 4-Nitrophenol (4-NP) detection. It was found that the NiCoO2 nanoparticles prepared by using urea exhibited a strong electrochemical response towards the detection of 4-NP, with a linear range of 10–100 μl and the lowest detection limit of 6.71 nM. Overall, the NiCoO2 nanoparticles synthesized using the solution combustion method showed an excellent potential for the detection of hazardous 4-NP, which could be further employed for environmental pollutant sensing applications.
Cephalopods as a Natural Sensor-Display Feedback System Inspiring Adaptive Technologies
Authors: Sumathirathne Lasanthi , Kim Taehwan , Bower Duncan Q. , Deravi Leila F.
Published: June 2023

Nature is full of exemplary species that have evolved personalized sensors and actuating systems that interface with and adapt to the world around them. Among them, cephalopods are unique. They employ fast-sensing systems that trigger structural changes to impart color changes through biochemical and optoelectronic controls. These changes occur using specialized optical organs that receive and respond to signals (light, temperature, fragrances, sound, and textures) in their environments. We describe features that enable these functions, highlight engineered systems that mimic them, and discuss strategies to consider for future cephalopod-inspired sensor technologies.
Photocurrent Generation Properties of Half-Photocell Consisting of Electropolymerized Hierarchical Polythiophene Thin Films as Photoexciting Electron Donor and C60 as Electron Acceptor
Authors: Kanbe Kengo , Akiyama Tsuyoshi , Oku Takeo
Published: June 2023

Polybithiophene/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/indium-tin-oxide coated transparent glass electrodes were prepared by sequential electrochemical polymerization with cyclic voltammetry. The thickness of polybithiophene films was varied by the scan rate of applied potentials during polymerization. Obtained hierarchical polythiophene films were characterized by absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra, scanning electron microscopy, laser microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Half-photocell properties of the hierarchical polythiophene thin films were evaluated by a three-electrode electrochemical cell in CH2Cl2 solution of electrolyte and C60 as a sacrificial electron acceptor under irradiation of monochromatic light. The thickness and absorbance of hierarchical polythiophene thin films increased by decreasing of scan rate of applied potentials during the polymerization of polybithiophene. While, maximum peaks of fluorescence intensity and internal quantum yield of cathodic photocurrent were observed at 20 nm thickness of polythiophene film under irradiation from the glass side of the transparent electrode. Almost maximum external quantum efficiencies of cathodic photocurrent were observed from 20 nm to 1.5 μm thicknesses of polythiophene films. These tendencies suggest that CH2Cl2 solution of C60 and electrolyte penetrate into the polybithiophene layer up to 1.5 μm.
Novel whole blood transcriptome signatures of changes in maximal aerobic capacity in response to endurance exercise training in healthy women
Authors: LaRocca Thomas J. , Smith Meghan E. , Freeberg Kaitlin A. , Craighead Daniel H. , Helmuth Timothy , Robinson Matthew M. , Nair K. Sreekumaran , Bryan Angela D. , Seals Douglas R.
Published: June 2023

Maximal aerobic exercise capacity [maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o2max)] is one of the strongest predictors of morbidity and mortality. Aerobic exercise training can increase V̇o2max, but inter-individual variability is marked and unexplained physiologically. The mechanisms underlying this variability have major clinical implications for extending human healthspan. Here, we report a novel transcriptome signature related to ΔV̇o2max with exercise training detected in whole blood RNA. We used RNA-Seq to characterize transcriptomic signatures of ΔV̇o2max in healthy women who completed a 16-wk randomized controlled trial comparing supervised, higher versus lower aerobic exercise training volume and intensity (4 training groups, fully crossed). We found significant baseline gene expression differences in subjects who responded to aerobic exercise training with robust versus little/no ΔV̇o2max, and differentially expressed genes/transcripts were mostly related to inflammatory signaling and mitochondrial function/protein translation. Baseline gene expression signatures associated with robust versus little/no ΔV̇o2max were also modulated by exercise training in a dose-dependent manner, and they predicted ΔV̇o2max in this and a separate dataset. Collectively, our data demonstrate the potential utility of using whole blood transcriptomics to study the biology of inter-individual variability in responsiveness to the same exercise training stimulus.
Modelling and Control of a Two-Wheel Inverted Pendulum Using Fuzzy-PID-Modified State Feedback
Authors: Nader Karima , Sarsri Driss
Published: June 2023

Control of mechanical systems by electronic systems controlled by computer programs is one of the most active research areas in mechatronic systems engineering. These programs carry out control laws, which are algorithms. This study focuses on Segway control (a two-wheeled inverted pendulum which is a highly nonlinear and unstable open-loop system). Our research entails creating a control law to stabilize this system. We proposed using a state feedback controller, which provided us with a stable system and a lower error margin; however, to correct this error, we used a combination of the state feedback controller and the fuzzy-PID controller. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated using simulation results.
Peste Des Petits Ruminants Screening and Diagnostic Tests in African Wildlife in the Context of Rinderpest Eradication (1994–2007)
Authors: Grosbois Vladimir , Kwiatek Olivier , Gaidet Nicolas , Chardonnet Philippe , Chardonnet Bertrand , Bataille Arnaud , Parida Satya , Roger François , Kock Richard , Libeau Geneviève , Caron Alexandre
Published: June 2023

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus causes a major disease in domestic and wild small ruminants. Understanding the role of wildlife in PPR virus ecology is important for PPR control and its eradication targeted worldwide in 2030. Developing diagnostic tools that provide reliable data for PPR detection in wildlife will help monitor wild populations for PPR and support the eradication program. We analyze a continental-scale dataset from African free-ranging wild ungulates (n = 2570) collected between 1994 and 2007. A Bayesian model estimated the performance of ELISA tests against PPR and rinderpest and their prevalence in African buffalo. The H- and N-ELISA tests used, not initially developed for wildlife, showed poor sensitivities for the detection of PPR antibodies in African buffalo. The estimations of PPR antibody prevalence derived from the results of these tests for animals presumably not exposed or potentially exposed to PPR were uncertain. Thus, poor performances of these PPR serological tests in wildlife would not allow robust estimations of PPR antibody prevalence in African buffalo and would be extremely speculative in non-buffalo wild ungulate species. We recommend that current and new tests be validated for wildlife hosts to provide sufficient sensitivity and specificity of detection and a diagnostic protocol be developed for PPR wildlife research.
Unveiling the Antibiotic Susceptibility and Antimicrobial Potential of Bacteria from Human Breast Milk of Pakistani Women: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Saeed Ayesha , Ali Hina , Yasmin Azra , Baig Mehreen , Ullah Abd , Kazmi Abeer , Ahmed Muhammad Arslan , Albadrani Ghadeer M. , El-Demerdash Fatma M. , Bibi Monaza , Abdel-Daim Mohamed M. , Ali Iftikhar , Hussain Sadam
Published: June 2023

Background. Human life quality and expectancy have increased dramatically over the past 5 decades because of improvements in nutrition and antibiotic’s usage fighting against infectious diseases. Yet, it was soon revealed that the microbes adapted to develop resistance to any of the drugs that were used. Recently, there is great concern that commensal bacteria from food and the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals could act as a reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes. Methodology. This study was intended for evaluating the phenotypic antibiotic resistance/sensitivity profiles of probiotic bacteria from human breast milk and evaluating the inhibitory effect of the probiotic bacteria against both Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria. Results. The results point out that some of the isolated bacteria were resistant to diverse antibiotics including gentamycin, imipenem, trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, and nalidixic acid. Susceptibility profile to certain antibiotics like vancomycin, tetracycline, ofloxacin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, rifampicin, and bacitracin was also observed. The antimicrobial qualities of cell‐free supernatants of some probiotic bacteria inhibited the growth of indicator bacteria. Also, antimicrobial properties of the probiotic bacteria from the present study attributed to the production of organic acid, bacterial adhesion to hydrocarbons (BATH), salt aggregation, coaggregation with pathogens, and bacteriocin production. Some isolated bacteria from human milk displayed higher hydrophobicity in addition to intrinsic probiotic properties like Gram‐positive classification, catalase‐negative activity, resistance to gastric juice (pH 2), and bile salt (0.3%) concentration. Conclusion. This study has added to the data of the antibiotic and antimicrobial activity of some probiotic bacteria from some samples of Pakistani women breast milk. Probiotic bacteria are usually considered to decrease gastrointestinal tract diseases by adhering to the gut epithelial and reducing population of pathogens and in the case of Streptococcus lactarius MB622 and Streptococcus salivarius MB620 in terms of hydrophobicity and exclusion of indicator pathogenic strains.
Reservoir Temperature Calculation and Modeling for Convective Geothermal Systems: Case Study of Five Major Hot Springs in Lushan, Henan, China
Authors: Qi Wang , Dongxu Zhou , Jiajia Liao , Yuntao Liu , Xinyi Wang
Published: June 2023

The thermal storage temperature and water-rock interaction process of the Lushan convective geothermal system (Qinling stratigraphic zonation fracture zone in China) are clarified by using surface cold water and geothermal fluid as the research objects. In this study, a conceptual model of the temperature profile of the geothermal system in the study area was developed using surface temperature inversion, the cation temperature scale, the SiO2 temperature scale method, the mineral equilibrium phase method, the silicon-enthalpy model, the FixAl method, and the Cl-enthalpy model. The inversion temperature at the surface is in the range of 33-39°C, and the temperature difference indicates the direction of the Checun-Lushan fracture. The study area is recharged from atmospheric precipitation, and the temperature of the recharge area is approximately 5.8–7.7°C (the temperature of the alkali field is approximately 10°C), and the recharge elevation is approximately 1200 m. The thermal storage pattern in the study area is near-surface hydrothermal thermal storage transferred to shallow thermal storage and then to deep thermal storage. The near-surface hydrothermal thermal storage temperature is at a constant temperature of 60°C, and the shallow thermal storage temperature is calculated by K-Mg and Li-Mg geothermometers to be between 99 and 112°C. The thermal storage temperature is simulated using the FixAl method, with deviation values ranging from 2.9% to 15.0%. The silicon-enthalpy model calculates the deep thermal storage temperature to be between 181 and 230°C. The mixing ratio of geothermal water in the study area is extremely high, with a cold water mixing ratio of 85.4–94.8%. The home ground fluid temperature was estimated to be approximately 282°C using the Cl-enthalpy model. The main thermally controlled conductivity channel in the study area is the Checun-Lushan fracture zone. The water vapor formed by convection at depth moves upward to approximately 5 km to form a deep thermal reservoir, and this convection and upward movement cause it to mix with cold water from the fracture zone to form a shallow thermal reservoir, which moves to the near-surface, forming a hydrothermal-type reservoir, which is later discharged in the form of a spring. The conceptual model of geothermal system temperature established in this study provides a basis for further development and utilization of Lushan hot springs and provides guidance for future thermal storage temperature calculations of convection-type geothermal systems in uplifted mountains.
Apolipoprotein E2 Stimulates Protein Synthesis and Promotes Melanoma Progression and Metastasis
Authors: Adaku Nneoma , Ostendorf Benjamin N. , Mei Wenbin , Tavazoie Sohail F.
Published: June 2023

The secreted lipid transporter apolipoprotein E (APOE) plays important roles in atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease and has been implicated as a suppressor of melanoma progression. The APOE germline genotype predicts human melanoma outcomes, with APOE4 and APOE2 allele carriers exhibiting prolonged and reduced survival, respectively, relative to APOE3 homozygotes. While the APOE4 variant was recently shown to suppress melanoma progression by enhancing antitumor immunity, further work is needed to fully characterize the melanoma cell-intrinsic effects of APOE variants on cancer progression. Using a genetically engineered mouse model, we showed that human germline APOE genetic variants differentially modulate melanoma growth and metastasis in an APOE2>APOE3>APOE4 manner. The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) receptor mediated the cell-intrinsic effects of APOE variants on melanoma progression. Protein synthesis was a tumor cell-intrinsic process differentially modulated by APOE variants, with APOE2 promoting translation via LRP1. These findings reveal a gain-of-function role for the APOE2 variant in melanoma progression, which may aid in predicting melanoma patient outcomes and understanding the protective effect of APOE2 in Alzheimer's disease.

Significance:

APOE germline variants impact melanoma progression through disparate mechanisms, such as the protein synthesis–promoting function of the APOE2 variant, indicating that germline genetic variants are causal contributors to metastatic outcomes.
pSTAT1 Is Activated during the Progression of IgA Nephropathy
Authors: Tao Jianling , Kambham Neeraja , Kwok Shirley , Lafayette Richard A.
Published: June 2023

Introduction: IgA nephropathy is the most common primary glomerular disease. Its pathogenesis is still poorly understood. Alterations of the Janus kinase signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway may play an important role in IgA nephropathy. Methods: We evaluated the clinical features, pathology, and tissue staining for lymphocytes and phosphorylated STAT1 (pSTAT1) in 43 patients with biopsy proven IgA nephropathy. They were followed to determine their disease outcomes. All had biopsy tissue and multiple laboratory measurements to assess their kidney disease progression. Sixteen patients underwent repeat kidney biopsy to further assess their clinical status. Results: The median eGFR at baseline was 61 mL/min/1.73 m2 and the median proteinuria was 2,600 mg/d. The median follow-up was 5 years with an average annual decline in eGFR of 2.25 mL/min/1.73 m2. There was significant inflammation and atrophy seen in the first biopsy, which progressed among those who undertook a 2nd biopsy. Compared to healthy kidney tissue, glomeruli and tubulointerstitium demonstrated increased lymphocyte (CD3+) infiltrates and increased pSTAT1 staining by immunohistochemistry. Increased CD3 (p = 0.001) staining and increased pSTAT1 (p = 0.03) correlated with reduced eGFR levels. In repeat biopsy samples, increasing pSTAT1 staining correlated with loss of eGFR over time (p = 0.02). Conclusion: These findings support the hypothesis that pSTAT1 is activated in IgA nephropathy and may play a role in the progression toward kidney failure.
Urgent-Start Peritoneal Dialysis: Brazilian Experience
Authors: Alves Camila Albuquerque , Cálice-Silva Viviane , Rufino Elaine Mari , Garms Durval , Ferreira Helen Caroline , Baptistella Mariane , Dias Dayana Bitencourt , Mendes Marcela Lara , Banin Vanessa Burgini , Ponce Daniela
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Unplanned peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an important option for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients requiring kidney replacement therapy urgently as it offers the convenience of home-based therapy. The objective of this study was to assess the Brazilian urgent-start PD program in three different dialysis centers where there is shortage of hemodialysis (HD) beds. Methods: This prospective, multicentric cohort study included incident patients with stage 5 CKD and no permanent vascular access established who started urgent PD between July 2014 and July 2020 in three different hospitals. Urgent-start PD was defined as initiation of treatment up to 72 h after catheter placement. Patients were followed up from catheter insertion and assessed according to mechanical and infectious complications related to PD, patients, and technique survival. Results: Over 6 years, 370 patients were included in all three study centers. Mean patient age was 57.8 ± 16.32 years. Diabetic kidney disease was the main underlying condition (35.1%) and uremia was the main cause for dialysis indication (81.1%). Concerning complications related to PD, 24.3% had mechanical complications, 27.3% had peritonitis, 28.01% had technique failure, and 17.8% died. On logistic regression, hospitalization (p = 0.003) and exit site infection (p = 0.002) were identified as predictors of peritonitis, while mechanical complications (p = 0.004) and peritonitis (p < 0.001) were identified as predictors of technique failure and switching to HD. Age (p < 0.001), hospitalization (p = 0.012), and bacteremia (p = 0.021) were observed to predict death. The number of patients on PD increased at least 140% in all three participating centers. Conclusion: PD is a feasible option for patients starting dialysis in an unplanned manner and may be a useful tool for reducing shortage of HD beds.