bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frequency of antibiotic resistant enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) in bovine carcasses at a slaughterhouse in Brazil
Authors: Stella Ariel Eurides , Pádua Gracielle Teles , Moreira Cecília Nunes , Martins Paula Siqueira , Montes Maurício Costa , Lima Thaís Fernandes , Silveira Ângela Vitalina Barbosa de Assis
Published: May 2020

Escherichia coli (E. coli) comes in second place among microorganisms involved in outbreaks of foodborne diseases in Brazil and is among the 4 most prominent worldwide. Due to its importance, the purpose of this work is to verify microbiological quality by the presence of E. coli in bovine carcasses. A total of 365 E. coli were isolated by swabs of 154 carcasses of cattle, slaughtered in the municipality of Mineiros – GO, Brazil. The frequency of E. coli in the samples collected was 81% (125/154). Of these E. coli, 16 had the gene eae, and none presented the genes stx1 or stx2, so were therefore classified as EPEC. Thus, the frequency of EPEC in the carcasses was 9.7% (15/154). The strains were classified as part of the A or B1 groups. As for antimicrobial resistance, the antibiotics with the highest percentages of resistance were Cephalothin with 82% (41/50), followed by Gentamicin and Amikacin with 26% (13/50) each. None of the samples showed any production of the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase enzyme, but three EPECs were classified as multi-drug resistant. The results demonstrate the presence of multi-resistant EPEC in bovine carcasses slaughtered in Mineiros city, Brazil.
Gestão de pessoas: estudo de caso do clima organizacional em uma instituição pública
Authors: Marzzoni David Nogueira Silva , Pereira Yanna Patrícia Araújo
Published: May 2020

Este trabalho analisou a influência dos fatores que afetam o clima organizacional dentro de uma organização pública. Buscou-se, como objetivo geral, diagnosticar a percepção e a satisfação dos servidores técnico-administrativos da Secretaria de Estado da Educação da Paraíba em relação ao ambiente de trabalho, sugerindo-se ações que auxiliem a organização na superação das suas fragilidades, consonante aos resultados obtidos. Do universo de 197 servidores, 120 participaram da pesquisa, representando 61% do quadro de pessoal administrativo do órgão investigado. A metodologia adotada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo, tendo-se utilizado um questionário de coleta de dados baseado no modelo de Burke-Litwin, integrado por doze dimensões que influenciam o desempenho da organização, relacionando-os ao seu modelo de gestão, cultura, estrutura e clima interno. A análise e interpretação dos dados se deram por abordagem quantitativa. No que concerne à revisão bibliográfica, abordou-se temáticas relacionadas a comportamento organizacional, gestão de pessoas, relacionamento interno, liderança, qualidade de vida no trabalho, motivação e clima organizacional. A partir dos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que os respondentes estão medianamente satisfeitos com o seu ambiente de trabalho, ressaltando-se como elementos para uma ação corretiva imediata a desmotivação dos servidores, especialmente em relação ao salário, benefícios e reconhecimento, bem como a insatisfação com o relacionamento mantido com a alta gestão da organização.
Padrão de conhecimento pessoal e a construção do conhecimento em enfermagem
Authors: Dias Beatriz Fernandes , Brandão Marcos Antônio Gomes
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo é um recorte de uma tese que defende que os alunos de enfermagem selecionam as intervenções de enfermagem a partir dos padrões fundamentais do conhecimento em enfermagem. Os objetivos foram: identificar e classificar os conhecimentos predominantemente pessoais que os estudantes de graduação utilizam para selecionar as intervenções de enfermagem. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa, delineado pelos Padrões Fundamentais do Conhecimento em Enfermagem de Carper. O cenário escolhido foi uma escola de ensino superior de enfermagem de uma universidade pública no Rio de Janeiro. Participaram 10 alunos do sexto período. Os dados foram coletados através de uma observação não participativa e uma entrevista semiestruturada e, posteriormente, submetidos à análise de conteúdo. Os resultados foram categorizados da seguinte forma: 'Eu sei o que eu sei?’ 'Eu faço o que eu sei?’. Pode-se concluir que o padrão de conhecimento pessoal foi um dos pilares utilizados pelos alunos para selecionar as intervenções de enfermagem necessárias para atender a pessoa de quem ele cuida.
Estimativa do grau de impermeabilização das bacias urbanas da cidade de campina grande
Authors: Soares Debora Rodrigues , Melo Neto Osires de Medeiros , Silva Gustavo Correia Basto da , Aragão Ricardo de
Published: May 2020

A população mundial vem sofrendo um aumento substancial nas últimas décadas e uma das consequências é o crescimento na taxa de impermeabilização do solo, que pode, por consequência, trazer problemas graves como enchentes e inundações. Para evitar esses acontecimentos é necessário ter um sistema de drenagem de águas pluviais eficiente, o que pode ser conseguido conhecendo o provável volume/vazão devido a um evento de precipitação de grande intensidade. A presente pesquisa busca determinar o grau de impermeabilização do solo das bacias urbanas na cidade de Campina Grande – PB via geotecnologia. Os resultados mostraram que para as áreas centrais o grau de impermeabilização já atinge valores próximos dos 80% e nas bacias periféricas este índice tende a aumentar, uma vez que é para estas bacias que os novos conjuntos residências estão sendo implantados.
A atualidade da pedagogia socialista soviética: um ensaio teórico
Authors: Silva Vitor Gomes da , Pasqualli Roberta
Published: May 2020

O ensaio teórico ‘A atualidade da Pedagogia Socialista: um ensaio teórico’ tem como objetivo apresentar reflexões acerca da atualidade da Pedagogia Socialista Soviética a partir do olhar de pesquisadores como é caso de Bemvindo, Filonov, Felix & Gasparin, Hobsbawn, Machado, Marx & Engels, Shulgin, Trotsky entre outros. Metodologicamente, classifica-se esta pesquisa como de natureza bibliográfica, de caráter descritivo e qualitativo. São abordadas questões de cunho histórico com a intenção de analisar os delineamentos imediatamente posteriores à Revolução Russa de 1917 sob a ocular da relação educação e trabalho e o pensamento dos principais autores da Pedagogia Socialista Soviética.
Instituições de longa permanência para idosos e a covid-19: urgência no debate
Authors: Freitas Adriana Valéria da Silva
Published: May 2020

Introdução: A COVID-19 é uma doença que tem como uma de suas características atingir mais agressivamente idosos e pessoas com doenças crônicas. Objetivo: apresentar uma breve reflexão sobre a urgência no debate em relação às Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos e a COVID-19. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, reflexivo, com base em uma leitura crítica sobre a doença e seus possíveis impactos nas Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos. Para levantamento de dados, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica no Google Acadêmico sobre o tema. Resultados: As demandas trazidas pela infecção da COVID-19, apesar de exigirem métodos inovadores de intervenção, reafirmam a importância do Pacto da Saúde, em relação a atenção integral ao idoso. Propõe-se como uma das estratégias de enfrentamento para essa pandemia pelas instituições de idosos, a construção de planos de contingência que considerem as especificidades desses espaços como um local de convivência coletiva e as diferentes demandas dos seus moradores. Conclusão: as reflexões acerca da urgência no debate sobre essas instituições como espaços vulneráveis a pandemia da COVID-19, ponderaram sobre a diversidade existente nestes locais no que diz respeito aos residentes, estrutura física e capacidade dos profissionais em cuidar, com base nas especificidades do envelhecimento para evitar que sejam afetados por um drama que as marcaria como o epicentro da necropolítica.
Análise clínica de prescrições de antibióticos em um hospital privado em Teresina – Piauí, Brasil
Authors: Morais Iala Thais de Sousa , Torres Nathália Miranda Feitosa , Martins Joyce Azevedo , Santana Luanda Sinthia Oliveira Silva , Veloso Viviane Leal , Santos Laís Cristina Ribeiro , Valente Renata de Castro , Oliveira Bruno Eduardo da Silva , Alves Aline Kelly de Sousa , Castro Rafaella Franco de , Aquino Sarvia leão de , Abreu Francilara Lucinede de , Moura Maria Camila Leal de
Published: May 2020

A prescrição consiste em uma ordem escrita, direcionada ao farmacêutico, que informa como o medicamento deve ser fornecido ao paciente. As doenças infecciosas são responsáveis pela maioria da morbidade que leva a consultas médicas e internações. Diante disso, os antibióticos, constituem um grupo de medicamentos amplamente prescritos. O objetivo do estudo consiste em analisar o perfil das prescrições de antibióticos, elencando os mais prescritos, analisando as classes mais utilizadas e identificando as doenças de maior ocorrência. Realizou-se um estudo retrospectivo, transversal e quantitativo na utilização de medicamentos a partir de dados coletados no sistema da CCIH, de um hospital privado de Teresina –PI, que apresentava 77 leitos. As informações obtidas foram emitidas no período de maio janeiro a junho de 2018, destinadas a todos os setores do hospital. Quanto aos resultados, foram analisadas ao todo 81 prescrições, onde foi a Cefepime 12,3 (n=10); Vancomicina 11,1% (n=9); Ceftriaxona 9,9% (n=8); como antibióticos mais prescritos, a classe terapêutica mais predominante no estudo foi a dos Beta-lactâmicos (47%), e o diagnóstico mais prevalentes no estudo foram Doenças Pulmonares (28). Desta maneira, conclui-se que os beta-lactâmicos são os antibióticos mais prescritos, assim como foi possível determinar as doenças pulmonares como a mais acometida nesse período de tempo.
Prevalência de internações hospitalares por acidente vascular cerebral em crianças e adolescentes
Authors: Mello Gustavo Antonio Mello de , Bridi Bruna Paola de Lima , Oliveira Diúlia Galegari de , Jantsch Leonardo Bigolin
Published: May 2020

Objetivo: Analisar a série histórica da prevalência de internação por Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) em crianças e adolescentes nos últimos 18 anos. Método: trata-se de uma série histórica, com dados referentes aos anos de 1998 a 2016, coletados por meio do banco de dados, DATASUS. Através do link, será acessada a página TABNET. Os dados brutos, foram transcritos para tabela do programa Excel (Versão 2010) e sofrerão análise estatística simples (cálculo de prevalência e análise descritiva simples). Resultados: No Brasil, a maior taxa de prevalência foi de 1,18/100.000 crianças, ocorreu em 2014. Há uma tendência de crescimento tanto do número de internações por AVC em crianças, bem como um crescente na prevalência dessa moléstia na população pediátrica. A faixa etária dos 15 aos 19 anos é a mais acometida, já o período de 4 aos 9 anos, é o de menor frequência nas internações. Conclusão: Destaca-se o aumento na prevalência de taxas de internação por AVC em crianças e adolescentes, o que representa demandas para os serviços de saúde, tanto hospitalares quanto para atenção básica.
Comparison of four serological tests for the diagnosis of swine brucellosis
Authors: Meirelles-Bartoli Raphaella Barbosa , Cruz Carolina de Alvarenga , Moraes Reiner Silveira de , Oliveira Rafaela Assis , Paula Eric Matheus Nascimento de , Sousa Daniel Bartoli de , Assis Nivaldo Aparecido de , Mathias Luis Antonio
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this article is to present results of a research in which the results of four serological tests were compared for the diagnosis of swine brucellosis in pigs from Brazilian herds in which the outbreak occurred in relation to other brucellosis-free.  Rose Bengal (RBT), complement fixation (CFT), agglutination plus 2-mercaptoethanol test (TAT+ME), and commercial fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) were used to test 333 sera (271 sows and 62 finishing pigs) from a Brucella suis infected swine herd and 1,100 swine sera from brucellosis free pigs taken at a slaughterhouse. Considering infected all the 271 sows from the outbreak, and interpreting results of the FPA according to the manufacturer directions, sensitivities observed were 95.94% for FPA, 94.83% for RBT, 93.73% for CFT, and 92.25% for TAT+ME. Considering infected all the pigs from the infected herd with a positive result in at least one test, sensitivities observed were 98.92% for RBT, 97.13% for CFT, 96.06% for FPA, and 94.98% for TAT+ME. Specificities of the tests were CFT and TAT+ME, 100%; FPA, 99.55%; and RBT 99.27%. Results indicated a good performance of all the tests, and the agreement among them was almost perfect.
Avaliação das manifestações patológicas das edificações do departamento de engenharia de alimentos da Universidade Federal do Ceará
Authors: Cirino Miguel Adriano Gonçalves , Oliveira Bruno Barbosa de , Pereira Synardo Leonardo de Oliveira , Cordeiro Samuel Bezerra , Morais João Marcos Pereira de , Silva Eduarda Morais da , Barboza Eliezio Nascimento
Published: May 2020

A avaliação periódica e o planejamento de manutenções preventivas proporcionam maior conforto, segurança e durabilidade das edificações. Em instituições de ensino, estas necessidades tornam-se mais evidentes, visto que problemas de habitabilidade podem atrapalhar o desenvolvimento do processo de ensino, pesquisa e extensão desenvolvido em ambientes universitários. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar causas prováveis das manifestações patológicas e propor soluções. O estudo foi desenvolvido nas dependências do Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos da Universidade Federal do Ceará. A metodologia empregada no estudo decorre de análises das manifestações patológicas observadas por vistorias com inspeções visuais e táteis. Foram realizados registros fotográficos, entrevistas com os usuários da edificação e os responsáveis pela conservação e manutenção dos edifícios. Após a inspeção dos ambientes, foram propostas correções para os problemas identificados. As principais manifestações patológicas observadas foram as fissuras, deslocamento de revestimento, manchas, infiltrações e processo corrosivo dos elementos estruturais externos. Os problemas estão associados diretamente à falta de vistorias e manutenção adequada, agravados pela idade das edificações e pelo ambiente onde se localizam, uma vez que, apresenta-se em uma área próxima a uma lagoa e com forte incidência de intemperes como chuvas e ventos.
COVID-19: biosafety actions for dental care during a pandemic
Authors: Roman-Torres Caio Vinicius Gonçalves , Quintela Marcelo de Melo
Published: May 2020

The rampant spread of SARS-CoV-2 worldwide increases the likelihood that dental health care professionals will treat this subset of the patient population. Due to the characteristics of the profession and the virus, two situations deserve attention: the disinfection of surfaces that can be contaminated during dental treatment and the presence of the virus in the oral cavity and the countless possibilities of microbial interaction with microorganisms in the oral cavity. The objective of this review was to point out, the current stage of the discussion on dental biosafety involving professionals, the work team and patients, some measures can and should be taken against the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Disinfection of surfaces has always been paramount and the protocol to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 seems to be established. SARS-CoV-2 is vulnerable to oxidation, it is recommended to use a mouth rinse containing oxidizing agents. Dentists are among the professionals who are most at risk of COVID-19 infection, and they must have extra attention during this period, biosafety measures must be reinforced and patients must be motivated to maintain a strict oral hygiene routine so that there is no accumulation of biofilm and this may somehow interfere with your systemic condition.
contribuição das bibliotecas comunitárias para a formação de leitores:
Authors: Coelho Clara Duarte , Bortolin Sueli
Published: May 2020

As bibliotecas comunitárias são formadas a partir da iniciativa de grupos ou de uma única pessoa para disponibilizar espaço e livros de forma gratuita à comunidade. O presente estudo investiga o impacto das bibliotecas comunitárias para a formação de leitores a partir da visão da comunidade em que estão inseridas. Nos procedimentos metodológicos adotou-se a pesquisa de campo com natureza básica e explicativa e abordagem qualitativa do problema. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada nas bibliotecas comunitárias Portal da Sabedoria e Monteiro Lobato, e a coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de pergunta gerativa de narrativa com os leitores com faixa etária entre 10 e 14 anos. O tratamento dos dados coletados se deu por meio da técnica de Análise de Conteúdo aplicada às falas com a definição de categorias a priori. Os resultados apresentam a participação dos leitores e a relação de pertencimentos deles com as bibliotecas. Concluiu-se que as bibliotecas comunitárias oferecem contribuições significativas para a cidade de São Luís, pois são espaços de convivência com impacto positivo na formação de leitores.
Concepção da Biblioteca na escola:
Authors: Nunes Maria Cléa , Gonçalves Maria Manuela Bento
Published: May 2020

Concepção da biblioteca escolar em seus documentos oficiais norteadores. Objetiva analisar que imagens são construídas da biblioteca, sua concepção e sua participação na estrutura organizacional no contexto escolar brasileiro à luz dos documentos oficiais de regulação das bibliotecas no Brasil: a Lei 12.244/2010 e as Directrizes da IFLA/UNESCO para Bibliotecas Escolares.Metodologicamente o estudo tem como âncora a análise documental (CELLARD, 2008) e a análise de conteúdo (BARDIN, 2011). Conclui que os documentos mencionam a necessidade da integração da biblioteca no ambiente escolar com outros setores e do bibliotecário com outros profissionais. Entretanto, observa-se a inexistência de textos que mencionem a necessidade da biblioteca em integrar o organograma da instituição escolar considerando ser esta um ambiente educacional de aprendizagem.
Processo ensino-aprendizagem no campo da organização da informação
Authors: Nascimento Felipe Mozart de Santana
Published: May 2020

Objetiva apresentar o percurso didático do processo ensino-aprendizagem na disciplina Organização da Informação em uma turma de pós-graduação lato sensu em Gestão de Unidades de Informação. Reflete a prática de ensino nas instâncias bases da área de Organização da Informação, no campo da Ciência da Informação. Justifica-se pela discussão e relevância didática aplicadas no processo de formação dos discentes, desenvolvendo habilidades e competências no exercício profissional. Caracterizado como um estudo do tipo documental, empírico qualitativo e descritivo interpretativo, a pesquisa apresenta como resultado um mapeamento do processo de ensino-aprendizagem da disciplina em questão. Os resultados apoiam-se em três eixos fundamentais que descrevem: a) a proposta do curso de especialização em Gestão de Unidades de Informação para a formação do Especialista Gestor de UIs; b) a proposta da disciplinaOrganização da Informação, considerando o plano de ensino bem como seus elementos constituintes, como ementa e objetivo; e, por fim, o mapeamento do percurso didático. Colabora fortemente com o campo da Educação em Ciência da Informação ao introduzir aspectos pedagógicos como a Metodologia da Problematização com o Arco de Maguerez, umavez que este tipo de metodologia parte da observação do recorte da realidade associando-a ao tema pertinente de estudo. O uso e aplicação do Arco de Maguerez é percebido como um caminho metodológico voltado à formação profissional, e ao ser explorado neste estudo apoiou-se nos interesses do desenvolvimento e exercício do especialista.
Bibliotecários e relações de gênero no Brasil e Portugal
Authors: Ferreira Maria Mary
Published: May 2020

O estudo se propõe discutir sobre as condições de trabalho e relações de gênero dos bibliotecários no Brasil e em Portugal. Os estudos de gênero contribuem para desvendar e retirar da invisibilidade a presença das mulheres nas esferas públicas e privadas. Permite compreender como as relações de gênero perpassam o mundo social e político, como interfere nasprofissões, nos salários e nos cargos de representação e poder. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida no Brasil e em Portugal em 2018-2019. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo envolvendo 109 bibliotecários brasileiros e portugueses. Os dados demonstram que a profissão de bibliotecária no Brasil e em Portugal ainda é predominantemente feminina, embora perceba-se que oshomens começam a se interessar pela profissão no Brasil. Em Portugal a profissão vem sendo gradativamente substituída pela de cientista da informação, porém percebe-se que as mulheres também se constituem maioria neste campo de saber. Os resultados apontam que o gênero é compreendido como categoria que explica as relações desiguais na profissão bibliotecária, mas há ainda um número significativo de bibliotecários (41%) brasileiros e 32% portugueses que afirmam não perceber diferenças entre o ser homem e ser mulher na profissão, contraditoriamente reconhecem que as mulheres enfrentam mais dificuldades para conciliar a vida doméstica, com a vida profissional neste campo de atuação, especialmente quando são mães.
Images of Leisure and Outdoor Activities in the 1930s: A Mixed Archive Sources Methodology
Authors: Larsson Marianne
Published: May 2020

In Sweden, leisure time and outdoor activities were important parts of the 1930s welfare society. The aim of this study is to examine the usefulness of some different source categories in the Nordic Museum’s collections and to complement representations of 1930s ideals about health, leisure time and outdoor activities. The article is written within the scope of the Nordic Museum and Stockholm University research project Images and Stories of Everyday Life. With digitising as an overall purpose, the project focuses on two categories of source material in the museum collections—the responses to the museum’s questionnaires and the photograph archive of the Swedish photographer Gunnar Lundh. Methodologically, around 400 questionnaire responses and 2,000 contact sheets have been looked at, with the aim of finding relevant representations of people’s leisure time and outdoor life in the 1930s. A selected number of questionnaires are analysed, and regarding the photographs, four series are analysed and represented by a selected number of photos. Series of photos on Gunnar Lundh’s contact sheets are essential, as they add knowledge beyond the individual photo. The combination of sources used in the article supports that holidays and outdoor life were part of urban people’s lives, while for rural people it was not easily combined with living conditions in agriculture. These results are reflected in the museum’s source material as well as in official government reports, earlier studies and historical sources. Although there is quite a large difference between the source categories, this study shows that the museum material, including evaluation of sources, makes it possible to broaden the image of Swedish people’s outdoor activities in the 1930s. The bricolage research method indicates that combinations of sources enlarge the image of different groups’ relationships to outdoor life.
Impacts of Cash Crop Production on Household Food Security for Smallholder Farmers: A Case of Shamva District, Zimbabwe
Authors: Rubhara Theresa Tendai , Mudhara Maxwell , Oduniyi Oluwaseun Samuel , Antwi Michael Akwasi
Published: May 2020

Zimbabwe has recently experienced a considerable shift towards the production of more cash crops, such as tobacco, at the expense of food crops. Although cash cropping has been associated with increased income, the question is whether the income gained from cash crops would be enough to provide the food needs of farming households. This research was conducted to analyse the impact of cash crops on household food security. A cross-sectional survey consisting of 281 randomly selected smallholder farmers in Shamva District was used for primary data collection. Data were analysed using the Tobit regression model and Propensity score matching (PSM). The household dietary diversity score (HDDS) was used to measure food security. The PSM results showed a positive impact of cash crop production on the HDDS. This could be attributed to the income effect of cash cropping. Furthermore, Tobit regression results showed that cash crop production (p < 0.1), non-farm income (p < 0.01), total arable land (p < 0.05) and access to draft power (p < 0.05) positively influenced household food security. Household size negatively impacted food security (p < 0.05). While the results from this study suggest the need to promote cash crop production, it should not be regarded as the panacea for addressing food insecurity. There is a need for further research to derive optimum combinations of cash and food crops in the crop mixture for smallholder farmers to achieve food security. Furthermore, opportunities for off-farm livelihood options should be developed, since non-farm income had a positive effect on food security.
Modelling Hydrological Processes in Agricultural Areas with Complex Topography
Authors: Massetti Luciano , Grassi Chiara , Orlandini Simone , Napoli Marco
Published: May 2020

Agricultural intensification and soil mismanagement have been recognized among the main causes of soil erosion in Mediterranean climate areas such as the Arbia stream basin (Tuscany, Italy). This study aims at predicting soil loss from agricultural fields as it is essential for providing reliable information for prioritizing soil conservation measures. Thus, measured soil loss from 243 agricultural fields within the Arbia stream basin during the period 2007–2010 were used to calibrate and validate the ArcSWAT 2012 model at hydrological response units (HRU) scale. Analysis of variance with post-hoc Tukey honest significant test was used to assess significant measured soil loss differences between slope steepness classes and land covers. Soil loss estimation was always “very good” for irrigated field crops, olive groves, and vineyards, “good” for unirrigated field crops, and “unsatisfactory” for broad-leaved forest. The model succeeded in the quantitative assessment of erosive processes at HRU scales. Its application to the whole Arbia stream basin estimated that 31% of the total surface is subjected to higher erosion levels. This approach might help facilitate the identification of priority areas that need the implementation of conservation measures.
Evaluation of an Adapted Greenhouse Cooling System with Pre-Chamber and Inflatable Air Ducts for Semi-Arid Regions in Warm Conditions
Authors: Cámara-Zapata José M. , Sánchez-Molina Jorge Antonio , Wang Hui , Carreño-Ortega Angel , Rodríguez Francisco
Published: May 2020

The growing needs for fruit and vegetable production, together with the current climate change situation, make agriculture under plastic and greenhouse cooling indispensable. The most commonly used approaches are natural ventilation, shading and fan-pad systems. To foster a climate that allows forplant production under cover in extreme conditions, a novel fan-pad system has been devised that incorporates a pre-chamber and an air distribution system using air ducts running alongside the crop rows. The system has been tested in a greenhouse in Almeria (Spain) during the daytime in August, when the weather was hotter. Tests were also carried out in combination with natural ventilation and shading. The results indicate that the fan-pad system was efficient under extreme weather conditions and that it avoided creating horizontal thermal gradients. By determining the theoretical value of the air temperature leaving the pad, we were able to estimate the evaporative cooling potential of the fan-pad system as a function of the outdoor climate. Under extreme conditions, the fan-pad system’s efficiency decreased along with increased air temperature and, above all, the increased relative humidity of the outside air. When the outdoor climate is warm and humid, natural ventilation may be the most efficient temperature control method. If the outdoor climate is warm and dry, the evaporative pad is more effective, especially when combined with shading.
Resilience Effects of SGK1 and TAP1 DNA Markers during PRRSV Outbreaks in Reproductive Sows
Authors: Laplana Marina , Estany Joan , Fraile Lorenzo José , Pena Ramona Natacha
Published: May 2020

The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a major infectious stressor that causes serious health problems and productivity drops. Based on previous genome-wide analyses, we selected SGK1 and TAP1 as candidate genes for resilience, and genotyped three mutations, including a 3′UTR variant SGK1_rs338508371 and two synonymous variants TAP1_rs1109026889 and TAP1_rs80928141 in 305 Landrace × Large White sows. All polymorphisms affected the reproductive performance in the outbreak, but not during the endemic phase, thereby indicating a potential use of these markers for resilience. Moreover, some genotypes were associated with a stable performance across PRRSV phases. Thus, in the outbreak, the SGK1_rs338508371 AA sows had less piglets born alive (p < 0.0001) and more stillborns (p < 0.05) while other sows were able to keep their productivity. During the outbreak, TAP1_rs80928141 GG sows had less piglets born alive (p < 0.05) and both TAP1 polymorphisms influenced the number of mummies in an additive manner (p < 0.05). Remarkably, TAP1_rs80928141 AA sows had around one mummy more than GG sows (p < 0.01). Resilience to PRRSV could be improved by including the SGK1 and TAP1 markers in crossbreeding and/or selection schemes, as they contribute to maintaining a stable number of piglets born alive and lost, particularly mummies, despite the outbreak.
Portuguese Local Pig Breeds: Genotype Effects on Meat and Fat Quality Traits
Authors: Martins José Manuel , Fialho Rita , Albuquerque André , Neves José , Freitas Amadeu , Tirapicos Nunes José , Charneca Rui
Published: May 2020

This work investigated the contribution of cross-breeding between two local Portuguese pig breeds to the conservation of animal biodiversity and income of local pig producers. Quality traits of semimembranosus (SM), gluteus medius (GM) and dorsal subcutaneous fat (DSF) were studied in Alentejano (AL), Bísaro (BI), AL × BI, and BI × AL (Ribatejano—RI) castrated male pigs. Pigs were reared outdoors, fed ad libitum, and slaughtered at ~65 (trial 1) and 150 kg BW (trial 2). In trial 1, AL pigs showed higher SM intramuscular fat, lower total collagen, and higher soluble collagen than BI pigs, while AL × BI and BI × AL pigs showed intermediate (NS) values. AL, AL × BI, and BI × AL pigs showed higher SM myoglobin content, and AL a more intense red colour than BI pigs. Finally, AL, AL × BI, and BI × AL showed higher total lipids in DSF than BI pigs. In trial 2, SM and DSF results were similar to those obtained in trial 1. In GM, AL and BI × AL showed higher intramuscular fat than BI and AL × BI pigs, while AL, AL × BI and BI × AL showed lower total collagen content than BI pigs. In conclusion, these results suggest that RI crosses are a productive alternative, with overall muscle and DSF traits statistically not different between AL × BI and BI × AL, and similar to those observed in AL pigs.
Nutrient Content of Different Wheat and Maize Varieties and Their Impact on Metabolizable Energy Content and Nitrogen Utilization by Broilers
Authors: Lasek Olga , Barteczko Jan , Barć Justyna , Micek Piotr
Published: May 2020

The study aimed to determine the effect of nutrients of wheat (nine cultivars) and maize (nine cultivars) grain on nitrogen balance and apparent metabolizable energy (AMEN) content for broiler chickens. In vivo digestibility and balance trials were carried out with 90 Ross 308 chickens (2 × 9 groups with 5 birds per group) aged from 42 to 49 days, separately for each cultivar. Considerable variation within each cereal species in fiber and non-fiber carbohydrate fractions and nutrient digestibility of grain were demonstrated. Additionally, regression equations were proposed which allow the estimation of AMEN content of wheat and maize grain varieties based on simple analytical procedures, including cell wall components, starch, and sugars. For practical purposes, these equations seem to be the best solution while reducing time, labor, and cost of analytical procedures.
Pregnancy and Fetal Development: Cephalic Presentation and Other Descriptive Ultrasonographic Findings from Clinically Healthy Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) under Human Care
Authors: Saviano Pietro , Fiorucci Letizia , Grande Francesco , Macrelli Roberto , Troisi Alessandro , Polisca Angela , Orlandi Riccardo
Published: May 2020

Ultrasonography is widely used in veterinary medicine for the diagnosis of pregnancy, and can also be used to monitor abnormal pregnancies, embryonic resorption, or fetal abortion. Ultrasonography plays an important role in modern-day cetacean preventative medicine because it is a non-invasive technique, it is safe for both patient and operator, and it can be performed routinely using trained responses that enable medical procedures. Reproductive success is an important aspect of dolphin population health, as it is an indicator of the future trajectory of the population. The aim of this study is to provide additional relevant data on feto-maternal ultrasonographic monitoring in bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) species, for both the clinicians and for in situ population studies. From 2009 to 2019, serial ultrasonographic exams of 11 healthy bottlenose dolphin females kept under human care were evaluated over the course of 16 pregnancies. A total of 192 ultrasound exams were included in the study. For the first time, the sonographic findings of the bottlenose dolphin organogenesis and their correlation with the stage of pregnancy are described. Furthermore, this is the first report that forecasts the cephalic presentation of the calf at birth, according to its position within the uterus.
The Effect of CLA-Rich Isomerized Poppy Seed Oil on the Fat Level and Fatty Acid Profile of Cow and Sheep Milk
Authors: Bodkowski Robert , Czyż Katarzyna , Wyrostek Anna , Cholewińska Paulina , Sokoła-Wysoczańska Ewa , Niedziółka Roman
Published: May 2020

The aim of the study was to examine the effect of dietary supplementation of isomerized poppy seed oil (IPO) enriched with conjugated dienes of linoleic acid (CLA) on cow and sheep milk parameters (fat content, fatty acid profile, Δ9-desaturase index, and atherogenic index). The process of poppy seed oil alkaline isomerization caused the formation of CLA isomers with cis-9,trans-11, trans-10,cis-12, and cis-11,trans-13 configurations in the amounts of 31.2%, 27.6%, and 4.1% of total fatty acids (FAs), respectively. Animal experiments were conducted on 16 Polish Holstein Friesian cows (control (CTRL) and experimental (EXP), n = 8/group) and 20 East Friesian Sheep (CTRL and EXP, n = 10/group). For four weeks, animals from EXP groups received the addition of IPO in the amount of 1% of dry matter. Milk was collected three times: on days 7, 14, and 30. Diet supplementation with IPO decrease milk fat content (p < 0.01). Milk fat from EXP groups had higher levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, including FAs with beneficial biological properties, that is, CLA and TVA (p < 0.01), and lower levels of saturated fatty acids, particularly short- (p < 0.01) and medium-chain FAs (p < 0.05). The addition of IPO led to a decrease in the atherogenic index.
Zookeepers’ Perception of Zoo Canid Welfare and its Effect on Job Satisfaction, Worldwide
Authors: Riggio Giacomo , Pirrone Federica , Lunghini Elia , Gazzano Angelo , Mariti Chiara
Published: May 2020

Recently, zookeepers’ role in monitoring and assessing zoo animal welfare is gaining importance. One hundred-sixteen zoo canid keepers responded to an online questionnaire aimed at assessing, on a 1 to 5 scoring scale, their perception of the importance and fulfilment of the Brambell’s Freedoms for zoo canids, the bond with canids under their care, and their level of job satisfaction. Results showed that zookeepers perceive the Brambell’s Freedoms as highly important (median = 5, min–max = 3–5), but not equally guaranteed (median = 3, min–max = 1–5, p < 0.01). Although there was no difference in their perception of the importance of each freedom, those related to psychological issues (median = 3, min–max = 1–5) were perceived as significantly less guaranteed than those addressing physical needs (median = 4.5, min–max = 1–5, Mann–Whitney U test, p < 0.01). Female zookeepers tended to perceive all freedoms as more important (Ordinal Logistic Regression model, p = 0.009), as well as more guaranteed (Ordinal Logistic Regression model, p = 0.007), than male zookeepers. Regardless of gender, a more positive perception of the Brambell’s Freedoms for zoo canids was associated with higher job satisfaction (Mann–Whitney U test, p < 0.01, ρ = 0.241). The latter was also positively correlated with zookeepers’ perception of the strength of the bond with the canids under their care (Spearman Rho’s correlation, p = 0.01, ρ = 0.230). Our results highlight the need for zoos to focus on guaranteeing psychological welfare of their canids. Enhancing animal welfare may increase zookeepers’ job satisfaction.
In Vitro Activity of Essential Oils Against Planktonic and Biofilm Cells of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)/Carbapenamase-Producing Gram-Negative Bacteria Involved in Human Nosocomial Infections
Authors: Iseppi Ramona , Di Cerbo Alessandro , Aloisi Piero , Manelli Mattia , Pellesi Veronica , Provenzano Cinzia , Camellini Stefania , Messi Patrizia , Sabia Carla
Published: May 2020

The aim of this study was to analyze the antibacterial activity of four essential oils (EOs), Melaleuca alternifolia, Eucalyptus globulus, Mentha piperita, and Thymus vulgaris, in preventing the development and spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL)-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and carbapenemase (KPC)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. A total of 60 strains were obtained from the stock collection from the Microbiology Laboratory of Hesperia Hospital, Modena, Italy. Twenty ESBL-producing E. coli, 5 K. pneumoniae, 13 KPC-producing K. pneumoniae, and 20 MBL-producing P. aeruginosa were cultured and reconfirmed as ESBL and carbapenamase producers. Polymerase chain reaction was used for the detection of genes responsible for antibiotic resistance (ESBL and KPC/MBL). Antibacterial activity of the EOs was determined using the agar disk diffusion assay, and minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were also evaluated. Lastly, adhesion capability and biofilm formation on polystyrene and glass surfaces were studied in 24 randomly selected strains. M. alternifolia and T. vulgaris EOs showed the best antibacterial activity against all tested strains and, as revealed by agar disk diffusion assay, M. alternifolia was the most effective, even at low concentrations. This effect was also confirmed by MICs, with values ranging from 0.5 to 16 µg/mL and from 1 to 16 µg/mL, for M. alternifolia and T. vulgaris EOs, respectively. The EOs’ antibacterial activity compared to antibiotics confirmed M. alternifolia EO as the best antibacterial agent. T. vulgaris EO also showed a good antibacterial activity with MICs lower than both reference antibiotics. Lastly, a significant anti-biofilm activity was observed for the two EOs (*P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 for M. alternifolia and T. vulgaris EOs, respectively). A good antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of M. alternifolia and T. vulgaris EOs against all selected strains was observed, thus demonstrating a future possible use of these EOs to treat infections caused by ESBL/carbapenemase-producing strains, even in association with antibiotics.
The Antioxidant Enzyme Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase A (MsrA) Interacts with Jab1/CSN5 and Regulates Its Function
Authors: Jiang Beichen , Adams Zachary , Moonah Shannon , Shi Honglian , Maupin-Furlow Julie , Moskovitz Jackob
Published: May 2020

Methionine sulfoxide (MetO) is an oxidative posttranslational modification that primarily occurs under oxidative stress conditions, leading to alteration of protein structure and function. This modification is regulated by MetO reduction through the evolutionarily conserved methionine sulfoxide reductase (Msr) system. The Msr type A enzyme (MsrA) plays an important role as a cellular antioxidant and promotes cell survival. The ubiquitin- (Ub) like neddylation pathway, which is controlled by the c-Jun activation domain-binding protein-1 (Jab1), also affects cell survival. Jab1 negatively regulates expression of the cell cycle inhibitor cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (P27) through binding and targeting P27 for ubiquitination and degradation. Here we report the finding that MsrA interacts with Jab1 and enhances Jab1′s deneddylase activity (removal of Nedd8). In turn, an increase is observed in the level of deneddylated Cullin-1 (Cul-1, a component of E3 Ub ligase complexes). Furthermore, the action of MsrA increases the binding affinity of Jab1 to P27, while MsrA ablation causes a dramatic increase in P27 expression. Thus, an interaction between MsrA and Jab1 is proposed to have a positive effect on the function of Jab1 and to serve as a means to regulate cellular resistance to oxidative stress and to enhance cell survival.
Comparison of the Usefulness of CBCT and MRI in TMD Patients According to Clinical Symptoms and Age
Authors: Jeon Kug Jin , Lee Chena , Choi Yoon Joo , Han Sang-Sun
Published: May 2020

Recently, the number of patients who visit the hospital with symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) has been gradually increasing, and the need for special imaging such as cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasing for accurate diagnosis and treatment. The purpose of this study was to help the image guideline by comparing the usefulness of CBCT and MRI according to the clinical symptoms of TMD patients and further examining whether the usefulness varies with age. A total of 473 temporomandibular joints (TMJs) with clinical symptoms of TMD who underwent both CBCT and MRI examinations were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical symptoms included pain, sound and limited mouth opening. The CBCT findings included sclerosis, flattening, erosion and osteophyte, while the MRI findings were defined as disc deformity, disc derangement or joint effusion. Joints were divided according to the presence of CBCT and MRI findings as follows: type I (neither CBCT nor MRI findings), type II (only CBCT findings), type III (only MRI findings) and type IV (both CBCT and MRI findings). We assessed the usefulness of the two imaging modalities by comparing the frequency of those four groups according to clinical symptoms and age. In TMD patients with the clinical symptoms, MRI and CBCT are complementary, but if it is difficult to choose the first of these two modalities, MRI is more recommended, and the younger the patient, the more the MRI is recommended.
Development of a Low-Temperature and High-Performance Green Extraction Process for the Recovery of Polyphenolic Phytochemicals from Waste Potato Peels Using Hydroxypropyl β-Cyclodextrin
Authors: Lakka Achillia , Lalas Stavros , Makris Dimitris P.
Published: May 2020

Potato peels (PP) are a major agri-food side-stream originating from potato processing, but to date, their green valorization as a bioresource of antioxidant polyphenols is limited to extraction processes involving mainly water/ethanol-based solvents, whereas other eco-friendly methodologies are scarce. This study aimed at developing a simple, straight-forward and green extraction methodology to effectively recover PP polyphenols, using hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD). After an initial assay to identify the optimal HP-β-CD concentration that would provide increased extraction yield, optimization based on response surface methodology enabled maximization of the extraction performance, providing a total polyphenol yield of 17.27 ± 0.93 mg chlorogenic acid equivalent g−1 dry mass, at 30 °C. Testing of temperatures higher than 30 °C and up to 80 °C did not favor higher yields. The extracts obtained with HP-β-CD were slightly richer in polyphenols than extracts prepared with conventional solvents, such as aqueous ethanol and methanol, displaying similar antioxidant characteristics. The major polyphenols that could be identified in the extracts were neochlorogenic, chlorogenic, caffeic and ferulic acids. The outcome of this study demonstrated that HP-β-CD may be used as a highly effective green means of recovering PP polyphenols, at near-ambient temperature.
Conversion of Low-Grade Heat from Multiple Streams in Methanol to Olefin (MTO) Process Based on Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC)
Authors: Wei Danchen , Liu Cheng , Geng Zhongfeng
Published: May 2020

The organic rankine cycle (ORC) has been widely used to convert low-grade thermal energy to electricity. The selection of the cycle configuration, working fluid, and operating parameters is crucial for the economic profitability of the ORC system. In the methanol to olefin (MTO) process, multi-stream low-temperature waste heat has not been effectively utilized. The previous study mostly focused on the optimization of a single stream system and rarely considered the comprehensive optimization of multi-stream ORC systems which have multi-temperature heat sources. This paper proposes five kinds of system design schemes, and determines the optimal output work and the highest exergy efficiency through the selection of working fluid and optimization of system parameters. In addition, the influence of mixed working fluid on the thermodynamic performance of the system was also investigated. It is found that there is an optimal evaporation temperature due to the restriction of pinch temperature. At the optimal temperature the ORC system obtains the maximum net output power of 4.95 MW. The optimization results show that the working fluid R227EA selected from seven candidate working fluids shows the optimal thermodynamic performance in all the five design schemes, and obtains the maximum output work and exergy efficiency.
The Influence of Resin Infiltration Pretreatment on Orthodontic Bonding to Demineralized Human Enamel
Authors: Simunovic Anicic Marina , Goracci Cecilia , Juloski Jelena , Miletic Ivana , Mestrovic Senka
Published: May 2020

Prior research reveal that low-viscosity resin is able to significantly penetrate initial caries lesions, which leads to their stabilization. The objective of the present report is to assess the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded with different adhesives to demineralized enamel treated with a low-viscosity resin infiltrant. It also aims to compare the achieved bond strengths to those achieved in relation to sound enamel (SE). A total of 48 newly extracted third molars were collected, distributed in four groups (n=12), covered with a nail varnish, with 4 x 4 mm of uncoated area, immersed in Buskes demineralizing solution (14 days, 37 °C) or remained untreated. Group I: SE + Transbond XT; Group II: demineralized enamel (DE) + ICON + Transbond XT; Group III: DE + ICON + Scotchbond Universal; Group IV: DE + ICON + Assure PLUS. SBS was quantified in megapascals (MPa) and statistically analyzed (ANOVA, p ≤ 0.05). The mode of failure was assessed microscopically (10 x magnification). The highest SBS detected was in Group IV, and the difference was statistically significant (F = 14.37; p = 0.000). Treatment with a resin infiltrant on DE does not impair the shear bond strength when compared to SE, although it does produce a significantly higher strength when combined with Assure PLUS.