bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fighting caterpillar pests and managing agricultural insecticide resistance with Lepidoptera-associated Enterococcus casseliflavus
Authors: Zhang Yunhua , Ju Feng
Published: December 2023

Probiotics are live microorganisms that are intended to benefit the health of metazoan hosts. Mutualism in insects (both pests and beneficial insects) provides a vital contribution to host fitness. With the development and demand for healthy modern agriculture, bacterial symbionts are considered to be an important toolbox for pest control and beneficial insect protection. Enterococcus casseliflavus is a widespread symbiont in most Lepidoptera insect pests. Recent studies indicated that E. casseliflavus provides beneficial phenotypes to the host, including supplying a diet lacking amino acids and enhancing insecticide resistance. We propose that E. casseliflavus should have enormous biotechnological potential awaiting further exploitation for Lepidoptera insect pest control or beneficial insect protection through symbiont-targeted insecticide resistance management, because this symbiont is widespread in natural caterpillar hosts, easily isolatable and cultured, and rapidly spreadable within the caterpillar population. We outline the rationales for why E. casseliflavus is suitable for application in pest management and envision possible plans of symbiont-targeted therapeutics via four potential approaches: genome modification, phage engineering, predatory biocontrol, and synthetic microbiome. This perspective opens up a grand blueprint for the future of symbiont-targeted insect pest suppression or economic insect promotion.
A sustainable pathway towards methane-assisted biorefineries
Authors: Alagumalai Avinash , Song Hua
Published: December 2023

Unlocking methane's potential in biomass valorization offers a game-changing approach to sustainable and economically viable biofuel and high-value chemical production. By leveraging methane as a hydrogen donor, it reduces the capital and operational costs associated with expensive hydrogen gas, making the process highly competitive. Moreover, methane's active role in catalytic biomass upgrading improves fuel quality and selectively yields valuable chemicals, surpassing traditional methods in cost-effectiveness and environmental benefits. This transformative pathway leads us to greener, large-scale biorefineries, paving the way for a more sustainable and resource-efficient energy future, where methane becomes a driving force in our quest for environmental sustainability and economic viability. This perspective explores the role of methane in renewable fuel and aromatic chemicals production from biomass and organic waste by highlighting challenges and outlining a roadmap towards large-scale biorefineries.
Pengaruh Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility dan Return on Asset terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) Tahun 2018-2022
Authors: Oktaviani Siti Atikah , Tripalupi Ramadhani Irma , Wardiyah Mia Lasmi
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this research is to find out and analyze the CSR disclosure reporting mechanism; the influence of CSR disclosure on Company Value; the effect of disclosure of ROA on Company Value; and the joint effect of CSR and ROA on Company Value (in Manufacturing Companies registered on JII for 2018-2022. The research method used in this research is Mixed Methods. This research uses the Mixed Methods method with the type of approach in the form of "Embedded Design". This type of approach includes those that free the researcher to choose one of the prioritized methods.The researcher prioritizes quantitative research methods with a larger portion compared to qualitative research methods.The results of the qualitative research show that the CSR disclosure mechanism in Manufacturing sample companies that are listed in JII during 2018-2022 can be said to be good. The results of the research from the quantitative method, namely CSR has a significance value of 0.008 and its partial effect on Company Value is 22.6%. . CSR and ROA have a significance of 0.000, both of which have a simultaneous effect on firm value with an influence of 51.1%.
Pengaruh Sanksi, Razia Lapangan, dan Samsat Keliling terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Kendaraan Bermotor di Kabupaten Sumbawa
Authors: Mifta Miftahul Jannah
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh sanksi, Razia lapangan, dan samsat keliling terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak kendaraan bermotor di Kabupaten Sumbawa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif. Data dalam penelitian inimenggunakan data primer, data primer didapatkan dari pembagian kuesioner yang dilakukan secara langsung menggunakan kertas. Populasi pada penelitian sebanyak 67.152 orang yang diteli hanya 100 responden dengan metode pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode slovin. Pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini dengan cara penyebaran kuesioner. Analasis data yang digunakan adalah metode analisis regresi linier berganda dengan menggunkan program spss 26. Hasil dari penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa Sanksi Perpajakan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak di Kabupaten Sumbawa, Razia Lapangan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak di Kabupaten Sumbawa, dan SamsatKeliling tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak di Kabupaten Sumbawa.
KEPATUHAN MENJALANKAN DIET PENDERITA DM DI PUSKESMAS PB SELAYANG II MEDAN
Authors: Butar-Butar Maria Haryanti , Lasmawanti Sri , Afina Afina , Maryanti Endang
Published: December 2023

Indonesia is estimated to reach 16.7 billion by 2045. The purpose of the activity is to make a dedication to the community with a health promotion activity to the public with the title compliance running diabetes mellitus diet in patients with diabetes in Puskesmas PB. The method of dedication to the community is conducted by teaching health education in the form of lectures using tools such as lifts and brochures that are distributed to the society and also as a tool for care and for patients with diabetes and taking diabetes medication as well as family members who have effects from the descent of people with diabetes. The post-test score with an average of 92.68% of participants responded correctly is greater compared to the pre-test rating of 77.49%. Public knowledge in Puskesmas PB. The field has grown between 80-90% after being given approval of dietary compliance with diabetes, the food and nutritional requirements of the diabetic and healthy living for his offspring. It is necessary to carry out advanced activities related to the training of adherence to the diet consumed by the sufferers and how to manage good and correct food for patients or people with diabetes mellitus and their offspring to maintain a diet with a healthy lifestyle and can be information for other communities
Peran Sentral Guru dalam Pendidikan Karakter di Era Digital
Authors: Hazyimara Karunia , Wenty Septria Darma Suwarni
Published: December 2023

Degradasi moral terjadi sebagai salah satu bentuk akibat negatif dari perkembangan zaman. Kemajuan zaman sebenarnya bisa menjadi peluang untuk meningkatkan kompetensi peserta didik, karena sumber ilmu dapat diperoleh dengan mudah. Namun fakta di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa kemajuan zaman juga memiliki efek negatif, salah satunya adalah degradasi moral. Hal ini terjadi karena siswa tidak memiliki kematangan berpikir dan membutuhkan instruksi yang ketat dalam penggunaannya. Karakter sebagai kepribadian yang terbentuk dari kebiasaan dapat menjadi benteng bagi siswa untuk menghadapi kemajuan zaman yang semakin canggih. Penanaman karakter tidak lepas dari peran guru sebagai pendidik di sekolah yang memiliki kewajiban dalam membentuk karakter peserta didik. Penelitian ini akan membahas posisi guru dalam membangun karakter siswa agar siswa memiliki kematangan mental untuk menghadapi perubahan yang ada. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian pustaka dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Untuk mendukung penggunaan jenis dan pendekatan ini, peneliti mengumpulkan data menggunakan metode dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan karakter merupakan panduan penting bagi siswa untuk menghadapi perubahan kemajuan zaman. Melalui akhlak mulia, siswa dapat memilah mana yang pantas dan mana yang tidak. Dibutuhkan peran guru yang masif agar penanaman karakter pada siswa lebih maksimal. Pendidikan karakter ini tidak hanya berfokus pada satu tingkat pembelajaran tetapi harus diajarkan sepanjang hidup.
NATURAL CROSS VENTILATION CLASSROOMS: CO2 AND PROTECTION AGAINST PANDEMICS
Authors: FRANQUELO SOLER JUAN , SOTO LARA FRANCISCO JAVIER , BLÁZQUEZ PARRA ELIDIA BEATRIZ , DE COZAR MACIAS OSCAR , MARIN GRANADOS MANUEL DAMIAN
Published: December 2023

La ventilación natural cruzada es considerada una estrategia efectiva y sostenible frente a pandemias respiratorias en espacios confinados. La entrada de aire en un aula, a través de puertas y ventanas, mejora la calidad del aire interior (Indoor Air Quality - IAQ), disminuye la transmisión de enfermedades respiratorias con una distancia social adecuada (1.5 m), siendo accesible en términos de consumo energético. En este estudio se realiza una comparación entre tipos de ventilación cruzada, a partir de la concentración de CO2, número de personas y superficies de ventilación de ventanas y puertas de un centro universitario en un clima mediterráneo. Se midieron los niveles de CO2 en dos aulas similares y anexas, con diferentes aperturas de ventanas y puertas (0%, 33% y 66%) con 2 secuencias de carga y descarga. Se analizaron dos tipos de ventilación cruzada: ventilación cruzada con ventana y puerta en la misma dirección o directa (CDIR), y ventilación cruzada en diagonal (CDIA), en un período de tiempo de 3 h. en diciembre de 2022. Los resultados muestran una interacción entre los niveles de CO2 y el tipo de ventilación. La ventilación cruzada diagonal fue más efectiva en términos de renovaciones de aire (ACH) que la directa, en rangos de apertura menores (33%), siendo la ventilación cruzada directa más efectiva globalmente y en rangos de apertura mayores (66%), en las condiciones de este estudio de caso.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Berbasis Model Pembelajaran RADEC untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Konsep IPA Siswa Kelas V Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Hidayat Annisa Nur , Kelana Jajang Bayu , Sutinah Cucun
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kurangnya pemahamanmateri organ gerak hewan dan manusia pada siswa kelas V SekolahDasar. Terdapat beberapa faktor yang menjadi penyebabnya, sepertikurangnya penggunaan bahan ajar dan model pembelajaran yang tidakvariatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan materipembelajaran organ gerak hewan dan manusia dengan menggunakanpendekatan Read, Answer, Discuss, Explain and Create (RADEC) denganharapan mampu meningkatkan pemahaman konsep dalam memahamiorgan gerak hewan dan manusia. Subjek dari penelitian ini adalahsiswa kelas V Sekolah Dasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodeResearch and Development (R&D). Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkanbahwa penggunaan bahan ajar berbasis model Read, Answer, Discuss,Explain and Create (RADEC) ini berpengaruh terhadap kemampuanpemahaman konsep dalam memahami organ gerak hewan danmanusia. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat dari hasil uji coba terbatas dan luas.Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan memahami organ gerak hewandan manusia siswa meningkat setelah digunakannya Bahan Ajartersebut dalam pembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (IPA)
Ethio-Sudan Relations፡ Critical Probe on the Post-2018 Dynamisms
Authors:   Debre Berhan University, Tessema Deneke Damtew
Published: December 2023

There were no significant changes in the features, focus of national interest and foreign policy behaving in the relationship between Ethiopia and Sudan. Since the independence of Sudan in 1956, the relations of them were characterized by cooperation and conflict or friendship and hostility. Bewildering issues such as disputes over their common border, Nile water, and practices of implicit and explicit interventions are persistent. This article employed qualitative approach and narrative research design to provide analytical pictures regarding the dynamisms of Ethio-Sudan relations in Post-2018. The post-2018 relationship of Ethiopia and Sudan has three distinct phases and features. These are the period of friendship, hostility and normalization. Following Tigray People Liberation Front’s ouster in Addis Ababa; there was a warm and blooming relationship between the two countries. This was the first phase and in which Sudan’s political forces recognized Ethiopia to mediate their domestic political divergences. In the second and third phases (from 2020 onward), confrontational and normalization were the respective features their relationships. During the second phase, the internal vulnerabilities of Ethiopia encouraged Sudan to enhance its pressures on Ethiopia`s government. Sudan exacerbated row over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, border disputes, as well as engaged in proxy conflict through anti–government groups. Sudan also put international pressures over Ethiopia including the declaration of the withdrawal of Ethiopia`s forces from Abyei Mission. The all-around pressures of Sudan on Ethiopia, the proactive-defensive diplomatic manoeuvring of Ethiopia and the involvement of the third bodies are the major points of the dynamism. Finally, the Nairobi Summit of 2022 was a watershed in the relationships of the two countries. Since this summit the intensified tension declined, and the normalization (third phase) process has started.
PENYULUHAN HUKUM TENTANG PENCEGAHAN PERKAWINAN DINI PADA SISWA SMA
Authors: Manik Herlina , Oktaviarni Firya , Windarto  , Hartati Dwi Surya , Suhermi
Published: December 2023

Pernikahan seringkali dianggap sebagai perayaan dan juga sebagai tonggak sejarah dalam kehidupan manusia dewasa di seluruh dunia. Mengingat pernikahan sebagai tonggak sejarah dalam kehidupan manusia, pemerintah telah mengeluarkan usia dewasa pernikahan atau Marriage Age Maturity (MAM) pada tahun 2006. Undang- Undang (UU) Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2014 tentang Perkawinan menyebutkan, “pernikahan hanya diizinkan jika pihak pria dan wanita sudah mencapai umur 19 tahun”. Mengingat salah satu tugas perkembangan individu dewasa awal dengan rentang usia 19-25 tahun adalah menikah dan menjadi orangtua. Dampak yang timbul dari perkawinan dini yang berkaitan kesehatan dan kesejahteraan telah diakui secara luas. Tetapi pada kenyataannya, perkawinan   dini   tetap   dilakukan   dengan   meminta   dispensasi   perkawinan   dari pengadilan agama. Di Indonesia sendiri tercatat sebanyak 50.673 dispensasi perkawinan yang diputus pada 2022. Untuk mencegah peningkatan angka perkawinan dini ada lima (5) rekomendasi untuk menjamin percepatan pengurangan angka perkawinan dini.
Årsberetning 2016-2018
Authors: Vrieland Seán , Hansen Anne Mette , Jensen Finn Gredal , Kapitan Katarzyna Anna , Sandst Line , Olesen Rikke Steenholt , Arboe Torben
Published: December 2023

Møder, Love, Medlemmer og Bestyrelse, Publikationer
Iconostasis sculpture of the XVIII century churches of the Slobodsky district of the Vyatka province from the collection of the Slobodsky Museum and Exhibition Center
Authors: Bykova Ekaterina Vasilevna
Published: December 2023

The subject of the study is the peculiarities of carving of the iconostasis wooden sculpture of the XVIII century, made by the masters of Veliky Ustyug, as well as local artisans under their influence. The purpose of the work is to attribute and introduce into scientific circulation - iconostasis wooden sculpture, four figures of angels from the collection of the Slobodsky Museum and Exhibition Center. The paper makes an assumption about the source of receipt and origin of the sculpture, as well as a comparative analysis with Velikoustyuzhsky and Perm iconostasis carvings and wooden plastics. The wooden iconostasis sculpture, while preserving the traditions of Russian Orthodox art, absorbs the features of European art, while at the same time it corresponds to folk art and reflects the features of the Baroque style in local variants. The methodology of the work is based on the principle of stylistic and technological analysis in art history, as well as the principle of historicism in the study of wooden plastics in the context of the development of art in the Russian North. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that four monuments of wooden plastics of the XVIII century from the collection of the Slobodsky Museum are introduced into scientific circulation, their detailed description and stylistic analysis are made. Two paired figures of angels were in the iconostasis and held a frame with a Crucifix, were made by Ustyug craftsmen in the first half of the XVIII century. Two other figures of angels in prayer were made by local craftsmen at the end of the XVIII century, under the influence of Ustyug masters. Further study of the collection of church art of the Slobodsky Museum will allow make reconstructions of the interiors of temples for the museum exposition.
ÜNLÜ MODA MARKALARINDA ÖNE ÇIKAN MOTİFLERİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: KILIÇ Özge , ARSLAN Pınar
Published: December 2023

Marka kavramı, bir şirket ya da firmayı diğerlerinden ayırt etmeyi sağlayan özelliklerin bütünü olarak ifade edilebilir. Moda ve tekstil sektöründe ürün satışının en önemli unsurlarından biri markalaşmadır. Markalaşmış ve lüks tüketim algısına hitap etmeyi süreklilik haline getirmiş firmalar tüketicinin ihtiyaç ve beklentilerini iyi analiz ettiklerinden koleksiyonlarını bu amaç doğrultusunda planlamaktadırlar. Bu planlanmış durum moda markaları arasında kendilerine özgü logo, monogram, motif, renk gibi bazı özelliklerin de gelişmesine ve sürekliliğini korumasına neden olmaktadır. Marka, bu kendine özgülük durumuyla tüketici açısından lüks ve marka ürün algısının devamlılığını ve yarattığı marka imajının tüketici zihninde diğerlerinden ayrışmasını sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada lüks moda markalarının baskılı giysi ürünlerinde yaygın olarak kullanılan motif özelliklerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada yöntem olarak tarama yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında Gucci, Christian Dior, Chanel, Louis Vuitton, Giorgio Armani, Dolce Gabbana, Hugo Boss gibi moda markalarının 574 baskılı giysi ürünü incelenmiş, bu ürünlerin desen tasarım özellikleri (motif, renk vb.) değerlendirilmiştir. Ulaşılabilen ürünlerin desen tasarım özellikleri incelendiğinde lüks moda markalarının kendilerine ait logo, sembol ve monogramlar dikkat çekerken, bitkisel, geometrik, resimli ve figüratif, sembolik, nesneli, yazılı olmak üzere çeşitli motiflerin kullanıldığı saptanmıştır.
DNA damage signaling in Drosophila macrophages modulates systemic cytokine levels in response to oxidative stress
Authors: Hersperger Fabian , Meyring Tim , Weber Pia , Chhatbar Chintan , Monaco Gianni , Dionne Marc S. , Paeschke Katrin , Prinz Marco , Groß Olaf , Classen Anne-Kathrin , Kierdorf Katrin
Published: December 2023

Environmental factors, infection, or injury can cause oxidative stress in diverse tissues and loss of tissue homeostasis. Effective stress response cascades, conserved from invertebrates to mammals, ensure reestablishment of homeostasis and tissue repair. Hemocytes, the
Drosophila
blood-like cells, rapidly respond to oxidative stress by immune activation. However, the precise signals how they sense oxidative stress and integrate these signals to modulate and balance the response to oxidative stress in the adult fly are ill-defined. Furthermore, hemocyte diversification was not explored yet on oxidative stress. Here, we employed high throughput single nuclei RNA-sequencing to explore hemocytes and other cell types, such as fat body, during oxidative stress in the adult fly. We identified distinct cellular responder states in plasmatocytes, the
Drosophila
macrophages, associated with immune response and metabolic activation upon oxidative stress. We further define oxidative stress-induced DNA damage signaling as a key sensor and a rate-limiting step in immune-activated plasmatocytes controlling JNK-mediated release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine
unpaired-3
. We subsequently tested the role of this specific immune activated cell stage during oxidative stress and found that inhibition of DNA damage signaling in plasmatocytes, as well as JNK or upd3 overactivation, result in a higher susceptibility to oxidative stress. Our findings uncover that a balanced composition and response of hemocyte subclusters is essential for the survival of adult
Drosophila
on oxidative stress by regulating systemic cytokine levels and cross-talk to other organs, such as the fat body, to control energy mobilization.
Systemic pharmacological suppression of neural activity reverses learning impairment in a mouse model of Fragile X syndrome
Authors: Shakhawat Amin MD , Foltz Jacqueline G , Nance Adam B , Bhateja Jaydev , Raymond Jennifer L
Published: December 2023

The enhancement of associative synaptic plasticity often results in impaired rather than enhanced learning. Previously, we proposed that such learning impairments can result from saturation of the plasticity mechanism (Nguyen-Vu et al., 2017), or, more generally, from a history-dependent change in the threshold for plasticity. This hypothesis was based on experimental results from mice lacking two class I major histocompatibility molecules, MHCI H2-Kb and H2-Db (MHCI KbDb−/−), which have enhanced associative long-term depression at the parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses in the cerebellum (PF-Purkinje cell LTD). Here, we extend this work by testing predictions of the threshold metaplasticity hypothesis in a second mouse line with enhanced PF-Purkinje cell LTD, the Fmr1 knockout mouse model of Fragile X syndrome (FXS). Mice lacking Fmr1 gene expression in cerebellar Purkinje cells (L7-Fmr1 KO) were selectively impaired on two oculomotor learning tasks in which PF-Purkinje cell LTD has been implicated, with no impairment on LTD-independent oculomotor learning tasks. Consistent with the threshold metaplasticity hypothesis, behavioral pre-training designed to reverse LTD at the PF-Purkinje cell synapses eliminated the oculomotor learning deficit in the L7-Fmr1 KO mice, as previously reported in MHCI KbDb−/−mice. In addition, diazepam treatment to suppress neural activity and thereby limit the induction of associative LTD during the pre-training period also eliminated the learning deficits in L7-Fmr1 KO mice. These results support the hypothesis that cerebellar LTD-dependent learning is governed by an experience-dependent sliding threshold for plasticity. An increased threshold for LTD in response to elevated neural activity would tend to oppose firing rate stability, but could serve to stabilize synaptic weights and recently acquired memories. The metaplasticity perspective could inform the development of new clinical approaches for addressing learning impairments in autism and other disorders of the nervous system.
Haplotype Function Score improves biological interpretation and cross-ancestry polygenic prediction of human complex traits
Authors: Song Weichen , Shi Yongyong , Lin Guan Ning
Published: December 2023

We proposed a new framework for human genetic association study: at each locus, use deep learning model (in this study, Sei) to calculate functional genomic activity score for two haplotypes per individual, and use this score, defined as haplotype function score (HFS), to replace original genotype in association study. Applying HFS framework to 14 complex traits in UK Biobank, we identified 3,619 independent HFS-trait association with p<5
×
10
−8
. Fine-mapping revealed 2,699 causal associations, corresponded to a median of 63 more causal findings per trait compared with SNP-based analysis. HFS-based enrichment analysis revealed 727 pathway-trait association and 153 tissue-trait association with strong biological interpretability, including “circadian pathway-chronotype” and “Arachnoid acid-intelligence”. Lastly, we trained neural network and applied transfer learning to integrate with SNP-based polygenic risk score, which showed 4.1% to 28.8% improvement in the cross-ancestry polygenic prediction. We concluded that HFS is a promising strategy for understanding genetic basis of human complex traits.
FMNL2 regulates actin for endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria distribution in oocyte meiosis
Authors: Pan Meng-Hao , Zhang Kun-Huan , Wu Si-Le , Pan Zhen-Nan , Sun Ming-Hong , Li Xiao-Han , Ju Jia-Qian , Luo Shi-Ming , Ou Xiang-Hong , Sun Shao-Chen
Published: December 2023

During mammalian oocyte meiosis, spindle migration and asymmetric cytokinesis are unique steps for the successful polar body extrusion. The asymmetry defects of oocytes will lead to the failure of fertilization and embryo implantation. In present study, we reported that an actin nucleating factor Formin-like 2 (FMNL2) played critical roles in the regulation of spindle migration and organelle distribution in mouse and porcine oocytes. Our results showed that FMNL2 mainly localized at the oocyte cortex and periphery of spindle. Depletion of FMNL2 led to the failure of polar body extrusion and large polar bodies in oocytes. Live-cell imaging revealed that the spindle failed to migrate to the oocyte cortex, which caused polar body formation defects, and this might be due to the decreased polymerization of cytoplasmic actin by FMNL2 depletion in the oocytes of both mice and pigs. Furthermore, mass spectrometry analysis indicated that FMNL2 was associated with mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-related proteins, and FMNL2 depletion disrupted the function and distribution of mitochondria and ER, showing with decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and the occurrence of ER stress. Microinjecting Fmnl2-EGFP mRNA into FMNL2-depleted oocytes significantly rescued these defects. Thus, our results indicate that FMNL2 is essential for the actin assembly, which further involves into meiotic spindle migration and ER/mitochondria functions in mammalian oocytes.
Natural forgetting reversibly modulates engram expression
Authors: O'Leary James D , Bruckner Rasmus , Autore Livia , Ryan Tomás J
Published: December 2023

Memories are stored as ensembles of engram neurons and their successful recall involves the reactivation of these cellular networks. However, significant gaps remain in connecting these cell ensembles with the process of forgetting. Here, we utilized a mouse model of object memory and investigated the conditions in which a memory could be preserved, retrieved, or forgotten. Direct modulation of engram activity via optogenetic stimulation or inhibition either facilitated or prevented the recall of an object memory. In addition, through behavioral and pharmacological interventions, we successfully prevented or accelerated forgetting of an object memory. Finally, we showed that these results can be explained by a computational model in which engrams that are subjectively less relevant for adaptive behavior are more likely to be forgotten. Together, these findings suggest that forgetting may be an adaptive form of engram plasticity which allows engrams to switch from an accessible state to an inaccessible state.
G protein subunit Gγ13-mediated signaling pathway is critical to the inflammation resolution and functional recovery of severely injured lungs
Authors: Li Yi-Hong , Yang Yi-Sen , Xue Yan-Bo , Lei Hao , Zhang Sai-Sai , Qian Junbin , Yao Yushi , Zhou Ruhong , Huang Liquan
Published: December 2023

Tuft cells are a group of rare epithelial cells that can detect pathogenic microbes and parasites. Many of these cells express signaling proteins initially found in taste buds. It is, however, not well understood how these taste signaling proteins contribute to the response to the invading pathogens or to the recovery of injured tissues. In this study, we conditionally nullified the signaling G protein subunit Gγ13 and found that the number of ectopic tuft cells in the injured lung was reduced following the infection of the influenza virus H1N1. Furthermore, the infected mutant mice exhibited significantly larger areas of lung injury, increased macrophage infiltration, severer pulmonary epithelial leakage, augmented pyroptosis and cell death, greater bodyweight loss, slower recovery, worsened fibrosis and increased fatality. Our data demonstrate that the Gγ13-mediated signal transduction pathway is critical to tuft cells-mediated inflammation resolution and functional repair of the damaged lungs.To our best knowledge, it is the first report indicating subtype-specific contributions of tuft cells to the resolution and recovery.
Hypothalamic representation of the imminence of predator threat detected by the vomeronasal organ in mice
Authors: Nguyen Quynh Anh Thi , Rocha Andrea , Chhor Ricky , Yamashita Yuna , Stadler Christian , Pontrello Crystal , Yang Hongdian , Haga-Yamanaka Sachiko
Published: December 2023

Animals have the innate ability to select optimal defensive behaviors with appropriate intensity within specific contexts. The vomeronasal organ (VNO) serves as a primary sensory channel for detecting predator cues by relaying signals to the medial hypothalamic nuclei, particularly the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), which directly controls defensive behavioral outputs. Here, we demonstrate that cat saliva contains predator cues that signal the imminence of predator threat and modulate the intensity of freezing behavior through the VNO in mice. Cat saliva activates VNO neurons expressing the V2R-A4 subfamily of sensory receptors, and the number of VNO neurons activated in response to saliva correlates with both the freshness of saliva and the intensity of freezing behavior. Moreover, the number of VMH neurons activated by fresh, but not old, saliva positively correlates with the intensity of freezing behavior. Detailed analyses of the spatial distribution of activated neurons, as well as their overlap within the same individual mice, revealed that fresh and old saliva predominantly activate distinct neuronal populations within the VMH. Collectively, this study suggests that there is an accessory olfactory circuit in mice that is specifically tuned to time-sensitive components of cat saliva, which optimizes their defensive behavior to maximize their chance of survival according to the imminence of threat.
On the field with social science and humanities participatory research
Authors: Achenbach Kelly , Smaniotto Alessia
Published: December 2023

Citizen science is a well-established domain in many scientific disciplines. Far less is known about the practices of citizen science in the social sciences and humanities. The COESO project is fostering and highlighting citizen science practices in the social sciences and humanities. Ten European-based case studies – ”pilots” – reporting on specific challenges have fed the COESO project: five of them began at the beginning of the project in January 2021, while the other five were chosen through an Open Call process in early 2022. Each pilot presents a distinct type and model of collaboration between different kinds of stakeholders, addressing specific societal issues. This diversity has contributed to generating knowledge on challenges and innovative knowledge sharing practices found within participatory practices in the social sciences and humanities research fields. The project promotes developing synergies between practices found within various social sciences and humanities disciplines, including sociology, anthropology, political science, and the arts, with practices employed by non-academic professionals working on societal issues. The 10 pilots provide a platform for collaboration between researchers, practitioners, and citizens, allowing for the co-creation of new knowledge and innovative solutions to pressing societal challenges. 
The aim of this poster is to show the different engagement strategies co-developed with researchers and community members to involve active citizen participation in the research, as well as the actions and creative outputs carried out to raise awareness of the projects and maintain the interest of participants. From initial stakeholder mapping, information management, data collection and storage to communication and dissemination of results, each pilot has deployed a unique engagement strategy, making COESO an excellent repository of information on the different ways of fostering community engagement with citizen science through social science and humanities initiatives. By showcasing the diversity and potential of these pilots, this poster invites further exploration and collaboration in the exciting and evolving domain of citizen science in the SSH.
A deep learning approach for the detection and counting of colon cancer cells (HT-29 cells) bunches and impurities
Authors: Haq Inayatul , Mazhar Tehseen , Naz Asif Rizwana , Yasin Ghadi Yazeed , Saleem Rabea , Mallek Fatma , Hamam Habib
Published: December 2023

HT-29 has an epithelial appearance as a human colorectal cancer cell line. Early detection of colorectal cancer can enhance survival rates. This study aims to detect and count HT-29 cells using a deep-learning approach (ResNet-50). The cell lines were procured from Procell Life Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China). Further, the dataset is self-prepared in lab experiments, cell culture, and collected 566 images. These images contain two classes; the HT-29 human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (blue shapes in bunches) and impurities (tinny circular grey shapes). These images are annotated with the help of an image labeller as impurity and cancer cells. Then afterwards, the images are trained, validated, and tested against the deep learning approach ResNet50. Finally, in each image, the number of impurity and cancer cells are counted to find the accuracy of the proposed model. Accuracy and computational expense are used to gauge the network’s performance. Each model is tested ten times with a non-overlapping train and random test splits. The effect of data pre-processing is also examined and shown in several tasks. The results show an accuracy of 95.5% during training and 95.3% in validation for detecting and counting HT-29 cells. HT-29 cell detection and counting using deep learning is novel due to the scarcity of research in this area, the application of deep learning, and potential performance improvements over traditional methods. By addressing a gap in the literature, employing a unique dataset, and using custom model architecture, this approach contributes to advancing colon cancer understanding and diagnosis techniques.
Ultrastructural analysis of throat dermal tissue and chromatophore components in the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)
Authors: Anderson Christopher M. , Fink Thomas , McKinnon Jeffrey S.
Published: December 2023

The threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) is an important model for studying the evolution of nuptial coloration, but histological analyses of color are largely lacking. Previous analyses of one nuptial coloration trait, orange-red coloration along the body, have indicated carotenoids are the main pigment producing this color. In addition, recent gene expression studies found variation in the correlates of throat coloration between the sexes and between populations, raising the possibility of variation in the mechanisms underlying superficially similar coloration. We used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to investigate the histological correlates of color in the throat dermal tissue of threespine stickleback from Western North America, within and between sexes, populations, and ecotypes. Ultrastructural analysis revealed carotenoid-containing erythrophores to be the main chromatophore component associated with orange-red coloration in both males and females across populations. In individuals where some darkening of the throat tissue was present, with no obvious orange-red coloration, erythrophores were not detected. Melanophore presence was more population-specific in expression, including being the only chromatophore component detected in a population of darker fish. We found no dermal chromatophore units within colorless throat tissue. This work confirms the importance of carotenoids and the erythrophore in producing orange-red coloration across sexes, as well as melanin within the melanophore in producing darkened coloration, but does not reveal broad histological differences among populations with similar coloration.
A problemática dos acidentes de embarcações no Rio Madeira e os desafios para a engenharia naval regional
Authors: De Souza Jonas Andrade , Fontes Jassiel , Del Campo Eduardo Rafael Barreda , Almeida Hector Reis , Bechman Vinicius Soares , Hernández Irving David
Published: December 2023

Os acidentes de embarcações nos rios da Amazônia têm sido eventos marcantes ao longo dos anos, tornando necessária a busca por medidas de prevenção desse tipo de problemas. Dentre os rios da região amazônica, o rio Madeira é uma via navegável importante devido à intensa atividade de transporte de cargas e pessoas, sendo motivo de estudo. O presente trabalho propõe uma análise integrada da problemática de acidentes de embarcações que têm ocorrido em águas do rio Madeira, identificando desafios nos quais a Engenharia Naval pode contribuir. Primeiro, foi feita uma análise dos acidentes documentados pelos Inquéritos Administrativos sobre Acidentes e Fatos da Navegação (IAFN’s) da Marinha do Brasil, entre os anos de 2018 e 2022. Logo, foram discutidos alguns desafios que a Engenharia Naval poderia ter em iniciativas de prevenção de acidentes. Finalmente, algumas alternativas de estudo e melhoramento da navegação no rio Madeira e rios similares foram propostas, considerando avanços científicos recentes. De acordo com a pesquisa, foi verificado que a natureza de acidente mais comum documentado no rio Madeira foi o abalroamento. O tipo de embarcação que esteve mais presente nos dados de acidentes no rio em questão foi o empurrador com balsa (comboio). Os dados apresentados no presente trabalho podem contribuir para planejar estratégias de prevenção de acidentes de embarcações no rio Madeira ou vias navegáveis similares.
PRESENÇA DE CRIANÇAS DIAGNOSTICADAS COM TEA EM ESCOLAS PÚBLICAS:
Authors: De Freitas Marcos Cezar , Gonçalves Raelen Brandino
Published: December 2023

O artigo compartilha resultados de pesquisas etnográficas que analisaram contradições nos modos de usar as categorias deficiência e diversidade na escolarização de crianças diagnosticadas no Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA). Abordou a crescente oferta de serviços terapêuticos para estudantes diagnosticados com TEA no âmbito das Redes Públicas de Ensino das Cidades de São Paulo e Guarulhos. Identificou situações em que a presença de Atendentes Terapêuticos tornou-se objeto de controvérsias, uma vez que essa presença desestabilizou princípios da Educação Inclusiva. Constatou que está em andamento uma dinâmica de apropriação de argumentos relacionados à neurodiversidade. Concluiu que o silenciamento pedagógico em relação ao tema pode ser analisado com o conceito de deficientização que é desenvolvido apresentado ao final.
Growth Analysis and Response Studies in Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (l.) Walp] under the Influence of PROM and Phosphatic Inoculants
Authors: Rathore Bhavna Singh , Yadav S. S. , Joshi Disha , Gurjar Biram Singh , Verma Ram Singh
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was carried out at Agronomy farm, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner (Rajasthan) during kharif, 2020 on loamy sand soil which consisted four levels of PROM (control, PROM equivalent to 20 kg, 40 kg and 60 kg P2O5/ha) and four phosphatic inoculants (control, PSB, VAM and PSB + VAM). The total 16 treatment combinations were tested in factorial randomized block design with three replications. Results revealed that application of PROM equivalent to 40 kg P2O5/ha significantly enhanced the dry matter accumulation at 25 DAS, CGR during 0 - 25 DAS and leaf area index over preceding levels. However, in terms of dry matter accumulation at 50 DAS and at harvest, CGR during 25 - 50 DAS and 50 DAS – at harvest, PROM equivalent to 60 kg P2O5/ha proved significantly better over lower levels. Based on response studies, application of PROM equivalent to 56.15 kg P2O5/ha corresponding with seed yield of 1084.6 kg/ha was worked out to be the optimum dose of PROM for cowpea.
Speed Breeding- An Emerging Trend in Crop Improvement
Authors: Shyamala Sreeramakavacham Lakshmi , Sasipriya S.
Published: December 2023

During the past century, traditional breeding programs resulted in several significantly better types in a variety of unique breeding programs around the world. The plant develops slowly because of the lengthy breeding cycle, which can take ten to fifteen years from the cross to cultivar release. That stated it is quite difficult to combine multiple polygenic traits using traditional breeding methods. Speed breeding is a technique that reduces the length of the breeding cycle by lengthening the photoperiod and adjusting other glasshouse growth factors like temperature, soil type, spacing, etc. Rapid generational advancement is made possible by this strategy. Speed breeding yields 3 to 9 generations annually as opposed to 1 to 2 generations annually using standard selection processes. Instead of 2-3 generations per year under typical glasshouse conditions, speed breeding can produce up to 6 generations per year for spring wheat, durum wheat, barley, chickpea, and pea, and 4 generations for canola. Speed breeding, thus, permits the rapid generation of stable and homozygous genotypes.
Factors Associated with Febrile Treatment-Seeking Behaviour among Expectant Mothers in Ssekanyonyi, Uganda
Authors: Uniah Nanjobe , Ddamulira Christopher , Kizza Stephen S. , Sserwanga Lawlence , Mutekanga David R.
Published: December 2023

Background: Malaria fever is a serious health problem that contributes greatly to morbidity and mortality in Uganda. In Mityana District where 4 in 10 pregnancy deaths are malaria related mothers who do not seek treatment in health facilities when they experience febrile illnesses. Therefore, a study was undertaken to identify factors associated with treatment-seeking behavior among pregnant women suffering from febrile illnesses suspected to be malaria in Ssekanyonyi Sub-County in Mityana District, Uganda.

Methods: A cross-sectional study in which questionnaires and key informant guides were administered to 198 expectant mothers to generate data on their socio-demographics and treatment seeking behaviour. SPSS software version 20.0 was used for data analysis and a Logistic Regression model was fitted to identify factors that independently influenced their health-seeking behavior.

Results: Out of the198 expectant mothers enrolled in the study, 42.9% were aged 15-25 years, 73.7% had achieved Secondary education, and 46.5% were married. The treatment-seeking behavior was found to be standing at only 56.6%. Among the different factors studied, health education on malaria (AOR = 3.68, P = 0.000), the attitude of midwives (AOR = 1.45, P = 0.003), patient care (AOR = 0.33, P = 0.030), and attitude of the pregnant mother (AOR = 5.38, P = 0.000) were found to be statistically significantly associated with treatment-seeking behavior among pregnant mothers with febrile illnesses.

Conclusion: The study concludes that health education on malaria, attitude of midwives and pregnant mothers are the most important in positively affecting treatment seeking behavior among pregnant mothers with febrile illnesses.

Recommendations: Health education on malaria, attitude of midwives, patient care and attitude of pregnant mothers need to be given attention in a bid to reduce febrile illnesses. The Ministry of Health and other responsible stakeholders need to reinforce awareness programs on health education among women of reproductive age about the danger of febrile illnesses during pregnancy and also help midwives address issues related to their attitude towards pregnant mothers
Photodynamic Therapy in Candida spp. and Epithelial Cell Cultures: An In vitro Study
Authors: Marinho Sandra Aparecida , Teixeira Alice Becker , Cazanova Ricardo Flores , Oliveira Sílvia Dias de , Machado Denise Cantarelli , Cherubini Karen
Published: December 2023

Aims: The objective of this study was to determinate the photodynamic effect using methylene blue and diode laser on Candida spp. and epithelial cells in vitro.

Study Design: An in vitro study was carried on using cultures of Candida spp. and HEp-2 cells.

Place and Duration of Study: This study was developed at the School of Biosciences of the Department of Microbiologic Sciences and at the Laboratory of Pneumology of the Biomedical Research Institute at São Lucas Hospital, both at the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, located in Porto Alegre, Brazil, between January and December.

Methodology: Cultures of Candida spp. and HEp-2 cells were submitted to aPDT with methylene blue (100 μg/mL) and indium-gallium-aluminum-phosphide (InGaAlP) diode laser at 100 J/cm2, 270 J/cm2 and 450 J/cm2.

Results: All of these three doses caused significant inactivation of Candida spp. (P<0.05). At 450 J/cm2, the viability of Candida spp., based on colony forming units (CFUs), was reduced by 72.42%, followed by lesser effects with 270 J/cm2 and 100 J/cm2, 45.87% and 22.83%, respectively. PDT decreased CFUs by 50.44% in C. albicans, while other Candida species showed a 41.18% decline in CFUs (P<0.05). With regard to the average effect of the three doses tested in PDT group, HEp-2 cell viability, based on trypan blue exclusion, declined to 70.81%, which was significantly lower than that observed in the control group (86.21%).

Conclusion: Methylene blue plus laser exposure (100 J/cm2, 270 J/cm2 and 450 J/cm2) caused significant inactivation of Candida spp. Photodynamic inactivation of the epithelial cells based on cell viability was 2.24-fold lower than the inactivation of Candida spp., which suggests a safety margin for in vivo application.