bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of Hf4+ Ion Conductivity in a NASICON-Type Solid
Authors: Nunotani Naoyoshi , Sawada Masayuki , Tamura Shinji , Imanaka Nobuhito
Published: April 2010

Tetravalent hafnium ion conducting solid electrolytes with a NASICON-type structure, HfNbP3−xVxO12 and Hf1−y/4NbP3−yWyO12, were developed by partially replacing the P5+ site in a HfNb(PO4)3 solid with larger V5+ or W6+ ions. Although the Hf4+ ion conductivity monotonically increased with increasing V content in the HfNbP3−xVxO12 solids, the electronic conduction appeared to be due to the valence change of V5+. In contrast, the Hf1−y/4NbP3−yWyO12 series maintained a high ionic transference number, above 0.995 for single-phase NASICON-type samples (y ≤ 0.15). The optimum lattice volume for Hf4+ conduction was determined to be 1.482 nm3, which was obtained for samples with x = 0.1 or y = 0.05. The Hf395/400NbP2.95W0.05O12 solid, which contains the higher valence W6+ ion rather than the V5+ ion, showed the highest conductivity of 2.8 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 600 °C, approximately 2.5 times that of HfNb(PO4)3.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Magnetic Properties of Dinuclear and Hexanuclear Copper(II) Complexes with Cyclam-Based Macrocyclic Ligands Having Four Schiff-Base Pendant Arms
Authors: Wada Shusaku , Saka Koki , Yoshioka Daisuke , Mikuriya Masahiro
Published: April 2010

Reaction of a series of dodecadentate ligands (H4L), 1,4,8,11-tetrakis(salicylideneaminoethyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane and its substituted derivatives, with copper(II) salts afforded dinuclear copper(II) complexes, [Cu2L], which were characterized by IR and UV–vis–NIR spectroscopy, and temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibilities (4.5–300 K). Single-crystal X-ray crystallography of these complexes revealed that each copper(II) ion is bound by the chelating of the two Schiff-base pendant arms outside the central tetraazacyclotetradecane ring forming a distorted square plane with an intramolecular Cu–Cu distance of 8.692(2)–8.949(2) Å. In accordance with the crystal structures, the magnetic interaction between the two copper(II) atoms is very weak. In the case of 1,4,8,11-tetrakis(3-methoxysalicylideneaminoethyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (H4tmsaec), a hexanuclear complex with a crystallographic inversion center, [Cu6(O2CCH3)8(tmsaec)], was isolated. In the asymmetric unit, one copper atom is bonded to one pendant arm and two copper atoms are bound to another pendant arm with the methoxy group of the Schiff-base moiety with the Cu–Cu distance of 3.096(1) Å, giving a novel system containing monodentate, bidentate, and bridging acetate ions in the same molecule. Magnetic susceptibility data shows that a weak antiferromagnetic interaction is operating between the closest two copper atoms.
DNA-Binding Hemoproteins Tethering Polyamine Interface
Authors: Onoda Akira , Nagai Hirokazu , Koga Satoe , Hayashi Takashi
Published: April 2010

Artificial prosthetic groups tethering a polyamine moiety at the terminal of two peripheral heme–propionate side chains as a molecular interface were inserted into apocytochrome b562 to provide positively charged reconstituted hemoproteins, which exhibit a strong binding with double-stranded DNA.
Balancing IT with the Human Touch: Optimal Investment in IT-Based Customer Service
Authors: Ba Sulin , Stallaert Jan , Zhang Zhongju
Published: April 2010

To cut costs, companies have chosen to deliver a variety of service offerings online. However, the digital systems providing such services (e-service) have always been complemented with or supported by human-based service (h-service). Whereas h-service has total costs that increase with the demand for services, e-service mainly requires a fixed investment upfront, which can be amortized over the totality of customers served. Considering the different nature of the costs of h-service and e-service and the heterogeneity of customer preferences for services, we derive the optimal mix of h-service and e-service for a service-providing company vis-à-vis its competitor. Our theoretical analysis finds the subgame-perfect Nash equilibria that determines the optimal positions in a duopoly setting. We further study the competitive dynamics of the system to examine how firms stay on the equilibrium paths. Using simulation, we investigate the effects of starting positions, small adjustments in h-service and/or e-service, and monotonic expansions of e-service on the final positioning and profits of the firms. Our results demonstrate that when firms follow a local best-reply strategy, they may end up in a position of low profitability, and when only monotonic expansions of e-service are allowed, both firms may end up overinvesting in e-service.
TCL1 Protein Expression in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors
Authors: Lau Sean K. , Weiss Lawrence M. , Chu Peiguo G.
Published: April 2010

We immunohistochemically studied TCL1 protein expression in different histologic types of 63 testicular germ cell tumors: 23 seminomas, 14 embryonal carcinomas, 4 teratomas, 2 yolk sac tumors, and 20 mixed germ cell tumors. The 20 mixed germ cell tumors contained components of seminoma (n = 10), embryonal carcinoma (n = 18), teratoma (n = 16), yolk sac tumor (n = 7), and choriocarcinoma (n = 3). We also examined 40 cases of intratubular germ cell neoplasia, unclassified type (IGCNU). Positive immunoreactivity for TCL1 was observed in 91% of the seminoma samples (30/33) and all IGCNU cases. In contrast, no TCL1 expression was detected among the nonseminomatous germ cell tumors. In the context of testicular germ cell neoplasia, the presence of TCL1 protein appears restricted to IGCNU and seminoma, suggesting association with an undifferentiated state and loss of protein expression with tumor differentiation. Immunohistochemical evaluation of TCL1 expression may have usefulness in substantiating a diagnosis of IGCNU or seminoma and in the separation of seminoma from nonseminomatous germ cell tumors.
What men really want: A qualitative investigation of men's health needs from the Halton and St Helens Primary Care Trust men's health promotion project
Authors: Coles Rebecca , Watkins Francine , Swami Viren , Jones Susan , Woolf Susan , Stanistreet Debbi
Published: April 2010

Objective. Although a number of recent health promotion interventions targeted at men have recognized the plurality of masculinities and adopted multifaceted approaches, in the main there continues to be a reliance on stereotypes of gendered behaviour that focus on hegemonic masculinities and a ‘one‐size‐fits‐all’ approach to health care. The present study sought to overcome this limitation.

Design. The present study used a qualitative design, in which data were analysed using framework analysis.

Method. A total of 82 middle‐aged and older men, in a socially deprived area of Britain, took part in focus groups about health promotion.

Results. Analysis of focus group transcripts revealed four key themes: (1) that the ‘doing’ of gender in relation to health must be seen as contingent and in constant flux; (2) that, despite stereotypes of typical behaviour, men were keen to engage with health care services; (3) that men felt there were a number of barriers to help seeking, but generally welcomed the opportunity to discuss their health care needs, and; (4) that they were keen to see the above themes translated into directed advertising and health information for men.

Conclusion. These results have practical implications for the way in which health promotion interventions target men, which we discuss in conclusion.
Die DDR der italienischen Linken. Erfindung und Entzauberung einer kulturellen Projektion
Authors: Martini Magda
Published: April 2010

Vorspann

Die kommunistischen Brüder und Schwestern taten sich schwer miteinander. Die italienischen Kommunisten erblickten in der DDR ein anderes „besseres“ Deutschland, mit dem sie in regen kulturellen Austausch treten wollten, während die SED in der KPI einen Partner sah, der ihr den Weg in den Westen und zu internationaler Anerkennung ebnen sollte. Die Enttäuschung konnte größer kaum sein, wie Magda Martini, eine junge Historikerin aus Trient, zu zeigen vermag. Die italienischen Intellektuellen störten sich am offiziellen Kulturmief der DDR und favorisierten schließlich die ostdeutsche Dissidenz vor allem in der Literatur, und die SED wetterte gegen die Verbürgerlichung der KPI und gegen den Eurokommunismus, der gegen alles verstieß, was in Ostberlin als heilig galt.
Hitlers Dschihad. Nationalsozialistische Rundfunkpropaganda für Nordafrika und den Nahen Osten
Authors: Herf Jeffrey
Published: April 2010

Vorspann

Das nationalsozialistische Deutschland hatte im Ausland nicht nur Feinde. Charakteristisch für nicht wenige seiner auswärtigen Sympathisanten war freilich der Umstand, dass sie die Praxis nationalsozialistischer Politik nie kennenlernen sollten. Auf die großen Sympathien, die etwa in der panarabischen Bewegung zu finden waren, hat die deutsche Führung geschickt und skrupellos reagiert. Die deutschen Rundfunksendungen für die arabische Welt, bislang weitgehend unbekannt, sind dafür ein aufschlussreicher Beleg. Jeffrey Herf präsentiert einen faszinierenden Quellenfund, der nicht nur historiographische Bedeutung besitzt.
Acute exogenous TSH administration stimulates leptin secretion in vivo
Authors: Santini Ferruccio , Galli Giulia , Maffei Margherita , Fierabracci Paola , Pelosini Caterina , Marsili Alessandro , Giannetti Monica , Castagna Maria Grazia , Checchi Serenella , Molinaro Eleonora , Piaggi Paolo , Pacini Furio , Elisei Rossella , Vitti Paolo , Pinchera Aldo
Published: April 2010

TSH-receptor (TSHR) has been found in a variety of cell types, including preadipocytes and adipocytes.In vitro, TSH-mediated preadipocyte and adipocyte responses include proliferation, differentiation, survival, and lipolysis.

Objective

To measure the response of serum leptin to exogenous administration of recombinant human TSH (rhTSH)in vivo.

Patients

One hundred patients with differentiated thyroid cancer already treated by total thyroidectomy and131I remnant ablation were enrolled. Mean (±s.e.m.) body mass index (BMI) was 26.9±0.6 kg/m2.

Methods

Patients received a standard dose of rhTSH for measurement of thyroglobulin in the follow-up of their disease. Blood samples were taken for the assay of TSH and leptin before the first administration of rhTSH (time 0), and 24 h (time 1), 48 h (time 2), 72 h (time 3), and 96 h (time 4) after the first administration of rhTSH.

Results

Significant mean serum leptin increments, with respect to basal value, were 16, 13, 18, and 11% at times 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively. Significant positive correlations of leptin–area under the curve with respect to basal leptin levels (r=0.43;P<0.0001) and BMI (r=0.32;P<0.005) were observed.

Conclusions

Acute rhTSH administration in hypothyroid subjects underl-thyroxine therapy produces a rise in serum leptin. This increase is proportional to the adipose mass suggesting that a functioning TSHR is expressed on the surface of adipocytes. The role that TSHR activation in adipocytes might play in physiological and pathological conditions remains a matter of investigation.
MTOR downregulates iodide uptake in thyrocytes
Authors: Souza Elaine Cristina Lima de , Padrón Álvaro Souto , Braga William Miranda Oliveira , Andrade Bruno Moulin de , Vaisman Mário , Nasciutti Luiz Eurico , Ferreira Andrea Claudia Freitas , Carvalho Denise Pires de
Published: April 2010

Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibition increases functional sodium iodide symporter (NIS) expression in both FRTL-5 rat thyroid cell line and papillary thyroid cancer lineages. In several cell types, the stimulation of PI3K results in downstream activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR), a serine–threonine protein kinase that is a critical regulator of cellular metabolism, growth, and proliferation. MTOR activation is involved in the regulation of thyrocyte proliferation by TSH. Here, we show that MTOR inhibition by rapamycin increases iodide uptake in TSH-stimulated PCCL3 thyroid cell line, although the effect of rapamycin was less pronounced than PI3K inhibition. Thus, NIS inhibitory pathways stimulated by PI3K might also involve the activation of proteins other than MTOR. Insulin downregulates iodide uptake and NIS protein expression even in the presence of TSH, and both effects are counterbalanced by MTOR inhibition. NIS protein expression levels were correlated with iodide uptake ability, except in cells treated with TSH in the absence of insulin, in which rapamycin significantly increased iodide uptake, while NIS protein levels remained unchanged. Rapamycin avoids the activation of both p70 S6 and AKT kinases by TSH, suggesting the involvement of MTORC1 and MTORC2 in TSH effect. A synthetic analog of rapamycin (everolimus), which is clinically used as an anticancer agent, was able to increase rat thyroid iodide uptake in vivo. In conclusion, we show that MTOR kinase participates in the control of thyroid iodide uptake, demonstrating that MTOR not only regulates cell survival, but also normal thyroid cell function both in vitro and in vivo.
Recent Achievements in Combination of Ultrasonolysis and Other Advanced Oxidation Processes for Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Mohajerani Masroor , Mehrvar Mehrab , Ein-Mozaffari Farhad
Published: April 2010

A review of recent advancements in the combination of ultrasonolysis with other advanced oxidation processes is studied. This study is based on the recent achievements and developments in the field of water and wastewater treatment using ultrasonic irradiation by means of acoustic cavitation with other advanced oxidation technologies. The most important parameter in combined methods is the synergetic effect which is a variable relative to the type of contaminant(s) and other physicochemical properties. The synergetic effect has the key role in process intensification so that a higher synergetic effect provides a higher intensified process efficiency. Results showed that sonolysis is a method that can increase the synergetic percentage in lowering fixed and even operating cost of the wastewater remediation. The combination of photolysis, photocatalysis, Fenton, photo-Fenton, and ozonation processes with ultrasonolysis results in hydroxyl radical production and therefore, the degradation of the organic chemicals. The effect of various parameters on the efficiency of combined processes is investigated in the present study. The combined process performance and the synergetic effect depend on the operating conditions and wastewater characteristics. The synergetic effect can enhance the degradation of organic compounds up to 400%. For example, it has been proven that the sonophotocatalytic process shows over 80% improvement with respect to the photocatalysis alone.
Diabetes Goes to Work: Helping Your Patients Access the Protections of the Americans with Disabilities Act
Authors: Thomas Victoria L. , Lorber Daniel
Published: April 2010

IN BRIEF

The passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act makes it clearer than ever that people with diabetes are protected from discrimination in a variety of settings, including the workplace. Health care professionals must play a central role in enabling patients with diabetes to assert the right to work free from discrimination and to manage diabetes in the workplace. This article provides concrete guidance to health care professionals on how to document to an employer that a patient with diabetes 1) is protected by the Americans with Disabilities Act, 2) is qualified for an employment opportunity, and 3) requires changes in the workplace to enable the worker to manage his or her diabetes.
A survey of reasons why veterinarians enter rural veterinary practice in the United States
Authors: Villarroel Aurora , McDonald Stephen R. , Walker William L. , Kaiser Lana , Dewell Reneé D. , Dewell Grant A.
Published: April 2010

Objective—To identify factors associated with interest in or choosing a career in rural veterinary practice (RVP).

Design—Cross-sectional descriptive study.

Sample Population—Veterinarians and veterinary students in the United States.

Procedures—Veterinary students and veterinarians in any area of practice were solicited to participate in an online survey through invitation letters sent to various veterinary associations. Proportions of respondents assigning high importance to various factors were analyzed for differences among gender, age, and background groups.

Results—1,216 responses were received. In general, survey respondents indicated that RVP could be characterized as the practice of veterinary medicine in any community where agriculture represented a significant part of the local economy. Responses also indicated that RVP should not be confused with large animal or food animal exclusive practice. Most respondents (38.9%) developed an interest in RVP early in life (before 8th grade), with 13.0% reportedly developing their interest in RVP during veterinary school. The most highly ranked factors with regard to influence on developing an interest in RVP were having relatives with a farm background, having a veterinarian in RVP as a mentor, and exposure to RVP during veterinary school. Gender, generational category, background (rural vs urban), and livestock experience were significantly associated with when respondents developed an interest in RVP and with factors important in developing that interest.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of the present study suggested that various factors are associated with interest in and choosing a career in RVP. These factors should be considered when strategies for increasing interest and encouraging careers in RVP are planned.
Biometrical analysis of an urban population of the Blackbird (Turdus merula) in Szczecin in Poland
Authors: Wysocki Dariusz
Published: April 2010

Biometrical analysis of an urban population of the Blackbird (Turdus merula) in Szczecin in Poland

In years 1996-2001, a biometrical investigation of an urban population of the Blackbird was conducted in two parks of Szczecin. Altogether, 388 birds were measured, including 191 females and 197 males. Adult females were bigger than young females (in all analysed parameters). Among males there were differences in wing, tail and total head lengths. In both sexes the strongest correlation occurred between wing and tail measurements and between bill and total head lengths. The body mass of females did not depend on their age and was not changing significantly in the course of year. However, in the case of males the young birds were lighter than the adults. Moreover, the males caught in winter were heavier than those caught in spring.
Seasonal migration pattern of owls at Bukowo-Kopań station (N Poland) in 2000-2003
Authors: Michalonek Damiana , Busse Wojciech , Busse Przemysław
Published: April 2010

Seasonal migration pattern of owls at Bukowo-Kopań station (N Poland) in 2000-2003

Data were collected at the Operation Baltic stations and included over 2000 owls caught and ringed at Bukowo-Kopań station in autumns 2000-2003. Birds were caught with raptor nets, ringed and measured according to the Operation Baltic standards.

The Long-eared Owl (Asio otus) is the most numerous migrant at Polish coast of the Baltic Sea. Migration of this species has wave-like pattern with few nights of very high owl numbers after nights without these birds. Amount of migrants changes decidedly from year to year. This is a result of fluctuations associated with small mammal populations dynamics. Other owl species pass Bukowo-Kopań station in rather low numbers. We can distinguish two groups of owl species according to terms of passage peaks. Both the Short-eared Owl (Asio flammeus) and the Barn Owl (Tyto alba) migrate in the highest numbers generally at the same time as the Long-eared Owl, i.e. at the beginning of November. Correlation is in most cases statistically significant. On the contrary, the migration pattern of the Tengmalm's Owl (Aegolius funereus) is conspicuously different. Passage maximum of this species occurs at the beginning of October and by 25 October the passage is almost finished. But even then individuals that migrate later are caught during the same migration peaks as the Long-eared Owl.

Obtained results indicate that the passage of different owls is similar to the most numerous and typical migrant species - the Long-eared Owl. Other species choose the same nights for passage, which suggests that some common factors influencing owl migration exist.
Influence of macrosynoptic weather situation on the autumn migration of birds in Hungary
Authors: Gyurácz József , Horváth Gábor , Csörgõ Tibor , Bank László , Palkó Sándor
Published: April 2010

Influence of macrosynoptic weather situation on the autumn migration of birds in Hungary

In the study we have examined the relation between the European macrosynoptic weather situation and the number of birds captured a day at four Hungarian ringing stations during the autumn migration. Along the research we examined the data of 32 809 individuals of 8 species using different migration strategies. Using the daily capture data at the four stations we constructed the migration diagrams for each year. We chose the migration peak days within ten-day periods and examined how these peak days or their preceding days are distributed over Péczely's macrosynoptic weather situations. Comparing the 8 bird species no significant difference in distribution of the peak days over the macrosynoptic weather situations was found (ANOVA: F7,376
= 1.81, p = 0.084). 85% of the migration peak days for all the species were connected with anticyclones, 10% with meridional cyclone / cold front situation and 5% with other cyclonic ones. The most frequent weather situation on the migration peak days was central anticyclone, which occurred in 61 cases.
Directional preferences of the Reed Warbler (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) and the Sedge Warbler (A. schoenobaenus) on autumn migration at Lake Drużno (N Poland)
Authors: Formella Magdalena , Busse Przemysław
Published: April 2010

Directional preferences of the Reed Warbler (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) and the Sedge Warbler (A. schoenobaenus) on autumn migration at Lake Drużno (N Poland)

In 2000, during the whole autumn migration period, Reed Warblers (212 indiv.) and Sedge Warblers (205 indiv.) were tested with Busse's method (Busse 1995) for directional behaviour at Lake Drużno ringing site. Distributions of scratches, reflecting cage activity of an individual, were tested for uniformity and more than 97% showed directional behaviour of tested birds. The data were elaborated using non-standard method for evaluation of circular data proposed by Busse and Trocińska (1999) that allows to show multi-modal distributions.

Results show that as much as around 55% of obtained headings point at directions reversed in relation to the normal direction of autumn migration. They suggest that pronounced number of individuals show axial behaviour in the cage. Causes of this phenomenon are still vague and it was decided that directional behaviour will be discussed after reversing northward headings by the doubling the angle method (adding 180°). Then main directions of headings were set as WSW, SSW and SE. They were confronted with available ringing recovery data and quite high (10-12° difference) or even very high (WSW "beam" of migration of Reed Warblers - 5° difference) accordance was found. Using, for the comparison, the same method to the Lesser Whitethroat (Sylvia curruca) data published elsewhere, an excellent agreement between cage data and ringing recoveries at the level 2° only was found. This can be treated as a check of the field and evaluation methods used for basic data presented in the paper. The heading pattern changed in the course of autumn migration and in subsequent periods different headings dominated. The most clear it was for the Reed Warbler data. However, this problem still needs further analyses.
Variation of morphometric parameters within the Savi's Warbler (Locustella luscinioides) population in eastern Poland
Authors: Nowakowski Jacek
Published: April 2010

Variation of morphometric parameters within the Savi's Warbler (Locustella luscinioides) population in eastern Poland

Characteristics of the intra-populational variation of morphological parameters in the Savi's Warbler is based on measurements of 512 individuals caught in the breeding seasons of 1989-1998 in the Bagno Ławki peatbog (the southern basin of the Biebrza river valley). In the studied population, adult Savi's Warblers had longer and more rounded wing, longer tail and larger body mass than young individuals. Moreover, significant differences in the length of allula and 1st primary were found between these age classes. The range of wing length noted in this population, with the maximum value of 78 mm, distinctly exceeded the range of this parameter described for European populations of the Savi's Warbler. The average lengths of wing, tail allula and tarsus were distinctly higher in males than in females. Sexes did not differ in body mass, Kipp's distance and wing pointedness index. In the studied population, a distinct long-term variability of tail length, Kipp's distance, wing-tip pointedness index and tarsus length was found in young birds. In adults such variability was found only in tarsus length. The paper discusses possible reasons for the long-term variability of studied parameters.
Orientation and migratory activity of Song Thrushes (Turdus philomelos) in northern Italy: cage and release experiments under overcast conditions
Authors: Huttunen Markku
Published: April 2010

Orientation and migratory activity of Song Thrushes (Turdus philomelos) in northern Italy: cage and release experiments under overcast conditions

The autumn orientation and migratory activity of Song Thrushes at different periods around sunset were recorded in northern Italy using orientation cages and release experiments, mostly under overcast skies. The aim of the experiments was to examine the importance of timing and energetic condition for the orientation and relative migratory activity of Song Thrushes located close to the wintering area. The data demonstrate that the birds tested during sunset showed a mean orientation that coincided with the average sunset azimuth. The birds that were tested after sunset chose headings towards the south, significantly different from tests at sunset, showing oriented Zugunruhe in visually cueless situations. Lean migrants in funnel cages displayed relatively more activity than migrants with larger fat stores, but they also showed more scattered directional choices. A bird's energetic state did seem to affect the likelihood of undertaking night migration. Test birds with relatively small fat reserves at release were more likely to perform landing flights than birds with larger fat deposits. Although nocturnal passerine migrants generally show well-oriented responses only shortly after sunset, both cage and release experiments 1-2 h after sunset indicate that timing may not be critical for the initial orientation of Song Thrushes. However, cage tests performed before sunset resulted in more unclear responses by the test birds than tests performed after sunset.
Home Cooking, Food Consumption, and Food Production among Retired Canadian Households
Authors: Brzozowski Matthew , Lu Yuqian
Published: April 2010

Utilizing the 1996 Canadian Food Expenditure Survey matched with the Canadian Nutrient File, we attempt to differentiate between food consumption and the observed food expenditure among retired Canadians. We look at the effect of retirement on food expenditure, production, and consumption to test the universality of results obtained by Aguiar and Hurst (2005) from US data. In contrast to US results, conditional on a similar vector of covariates, we find no evidence of a fall in food expenditure following retirement. Our results suggest that the quality of food consumed by Canadian households improves somewhat with retirement. Similar to US results, we observe that household calorie intake and major nutrient intake seem not to be adversely affected by changes in retirement status. We find evidence that retired households substitute food purchased for consumption away from home for food purchased for at-home consumption. Further, using the 1998 Time Use Survey, we find that individuals who are retired devote more time for food preparation.
The Evolution of the Returns to Human Capital in Canada, 1980–2005
Authors: Boudarbat Brahim , Lemieux Thomas , Riddell W. Craig
Published: April 2010

We examine the evolution of the returns to human capital in Canada over the period 1980–2005. Our main finding is that returns to education increased substantially for Canadian men, contrary to conclusions reached previously. Most of this rise took place in the early 1980s and since 1995. Returns to education also rose, albeit more modestly, for Canadian women. Another important development is that after years of expansion, the wage gap between younger and older workers stabilized after 1995. Controlling for work experience and using Canadian Census data appear to account for the main differences between our results and earlier findings.
Les politiques forestières du Québec et le commerce « loyal » : le différend sur le bois d'œuvre
Authors: Gagné Gilbert , Jasmin Éric
Published: April 2010

Stumpage rights on trees from public forests are set in Quebec in reference to prices in the private wood market. In the softwood lumber dispute with the United States, if the US Department of Commerce considered in 1992 that this market was competitive, and thus could be used as a benchmark, it concluded differently in 2002. Yet, it is difficult to establish if Quebec's forest regime effectively satisfies the conditions of “fair” trade, on which the United States insists. Although the new forest regime announced by the government of Quebec in 2008 provides for the auctioning of a significant part of the public timber, it is unlikely to meet the US conditions.
Biomarkers for Early Detection of Malignant Mesothelioma: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Application
Authors: Tomasetti Marco , Santarelli Lory
Published: April 2010

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a rare and aggressive tumour of the serosal cavities linked to asbestos exposure. Improved detection methods for diagnosing this type of neoplastic disease are essential for an early and reliable diagnosis and treatment. Thus, focus has been placed on finding tumour markers for the non-invasive detection of MM. Recently, some blood biomarkers have been described as potential indicators of early and advanced MM cancers. The identification of tumour biomarkers alone or in combination could greatly facilitate the surveillance procedure for cohorts of subjects exposed to asbestos, a common phenomenon in several areas of western countries.
Current Density Distribution Mapping in PEM Fuel Cells as An Instrument for Operational Measurements
Authors: Geske Martin , Heuer Maik , Heideck Günter , Styczynski Zbigniew A.
Published: April 2010

A newly developed measurement system for current density distribution mapping has enabled a new approach for operational measurements in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). Taking into account previously constructed measurement systems, a method based on a multi layer printed circuit board was chosen for the development of the new system. This type of system consists of a sensor, a special electronic device and the control and visualization PC. For the acquisition of the current density distribution values, a sensor device was designed and installed within a multilayer printed circuit board with integrated shunt resistors. Varying shunt values can be taken into consideration with a newly developed and evaluated calibration method. The sensor device was integrated in a PEM fuel cell stack to prove the functionality of the whole measurement system. A software application was implemented to visualize and save the measurement values. Its functionality was verified by operational measurements within a PEMFC system. Measurement accuracy and possible negative reactions of the sensor device during PEMFC operation are discussed in detail in this paper. The developed system enables operational measurements for different operating phases of PEM fuel cells. Additionally, this can be seen as a basis for new opportunities of optimization for fuel cell design and operation modes.
Are Adolescents with ADHD Interested in Genetic Testing for Nicotine Addiction Susceptibility?
Authors: Herbert Linda J. , Walker Leslie R. , Sharff McKane E. , Abraham Anisha A. , Tercyak Kenneth P.
Published: April 2010

It has been well-established that some adolescents diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at increased risk for cigarette smoking. Current research on the genetic basis of this association could ultimately translate into genetic tests capable of identifying smoking-prone adolescents with ADHD. In this study we examined 81 ADHD affected adolescents’ (age 13–21) interest in genetic testing for nicotine addiction susceptibility. Fifty-seven percent of adolescents indicated a fair amount of interest or more in testing. Most adolescents indicated that the personal information revealed from testing would be either useful (29%) or interesting (37%). Implications for genetically-informed smoking prevention and cessation interventions in high risk adolescents with ADHD are discussed.
Updating the Northern Tsetse Limit in Burkina Faso (1949–2009): Impact of Global Change
Authors: Courtin Fabrice , Rayaissé Jean-Baptiste , Tamboura Issa , Serdébéogo Oumar , Koudougou Zowindé , Solano Philippe , Sidibé Issa
Published: April 2010

The northern distribution limit of tsetse flies was updated in Burkina Faso and compared to previous limits to revise the existing map of these vectors of African trypanosomiases dating from several decades ago. From 1949 to 2009, a 25- to 150-km shift has appeared toward the south. Tsetse are now discontinuously distributed in Burkina Faso with a western and an eastern tsetse belt. This range shift can be explained by a combination of decreased rainfall and increased human density. Within a context of international control, this study provides a better understanding of the factors influencing the distribution of tsetse flies.
MMPBSA Decomposition of the Binding Energy throughout a Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Amyloid-Beta (Aß10−35) Aggregation
Authors: Campanera Josep M. , Pouplana Ramon
Published: April 2010

Recent experiments with amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides indicate that the formation of toxic oligomers may be an important contribution to the onset of Alzheimer’s disease. The toxicity of Aβ oligomers depend on their structure, which is governed by assembly dynamics. However, a detailed knowledge of the structure of at the atomic level has not been achieved yet due to limitations of current experimental techniques. In this study, replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations are used to identify the expected diversity of dimer conformations of Aβ10−35 monomers. The most representative dimer conformation has been used to track the dimer formation process between both monomers. The process has been characterized by means of the evolution of the decomposition of the binding free energy, which provides an energetic profile of the interaction. Dimers undergo a process of reorganization driven basically by inter-chain hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions and also solvation/desolvation processes.
The Impact of CYP2D6 Genotyping on Tamoxifen Treatment
Authors: Ferraldeschi Roberta , Newman William G.
Published: April 2010

Tamoxifen remains a cornerstone of treatment for patients with oestrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer. Tamoxifen efficacy depends on the biotransformation, predominantly via the cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) isoform, to the active metabolite endoxifen. Both genetic and environmental (drug-induced) factors may alter CYP2D6 enzyme activity directly affecting the concentrations of active tamoxifen metabolites. Several studies suggest that germline genetic variants in CYP2D6 influence the clinical outcomes of patients treated with adjuvant tamoxifen. Here, we review the existing data relating CYP2D6 genotypes to tamoxifen efficacy.
Development of an Emergency Locking Unit for a Belt-In-Seat (BIS) System Using a MEMS Acceleration Sensor
Authors: Baek Chang Hyun , Lee Jeong Wan , Kim Seock Hyun , Paek Insu
Published: April 2010

This paper proposes an emergency locking unit (ELU) for a seat belt retractor which is mounted on the back frame of a vehicle seat. The proposed unit uses a recliner sensor based on a MEMS acceleration sensor and solenoid mechanism. The seat has an upper frame supported to tilt on a lower frame. The retractor in belt in seat (BIS) system is supported by the upper frame. The proposed recliner sensor based on a MEMS acceleration sensor comprises orientation means for maintaining a predetermined orientation of emergency relative to the lower frame independently of the force of gravity when the upper frame tilts on the lower frame. Experimental results show that the developed recliner sensor unit operates effectively with respect to rollover angles. Thus, the developed unit will have a considerable potential to offer a new design concept in BIS system.
Spectroscopic Interpretation of PAH-Spectra in Minerals and Its Possible Application to Soil Monitoring
Authors: Ko Eun-Joung , Kim Kyoung-Woong , Park Kihong , Kim Ju-Yong , Kim Jiwon , Hamm Se-Yeong , Lee Jung-Hwan , Wachsmuth Uwe
Published: April 2010

In order to properly assess the feasibility of using Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy for soil monitoring, the variation of fluorescence intensity due to the heterogeneity and complexity of soil media was investigated. Different soil minerals showed fluorescence spectral structures distinguishable from the contaminants, implying dissimilar interactions or the binding of contaminants on mineral surfaces. More interestingly, solvent and water addition showed different responses in the fluorescence spectral structure showing their effect on the interactions between contaminants and minerals. These results support the claim that the spectral structure contains information on contaminant-mineral interactions; therefore contaminants can be used as a fluorescence probe for these interactions.
Replication and Abstraction: Symmetry in Automated Formal Verification
Authors: Wahl Thomas , Donaldson Alastair
Published: April 2010

This article surveys fundamental and applied aspects of symmetry in system models, and of symmetry reduction methods used to counter state explosion in model checking, an automated formal verification technique. While covering the research field broadly, we particularly emphasize recent progress in applying the technique to realistic systems, including tools that promise to elevate the scope of symmetry reduction to large-scale program verification. The article targets researchers and engineers interested in formal verification of concurrent systems.
Novel Viral Vector Systems for Gene Therapy
Authors: Stone Daniel
Published: April 2010

Over the last three decades, interest in the field of gene therapy seems to have fluctuated between hot and cold. Encouraging pre-clinical and clinical data has demonstrated the potential of genetic therapies and yet setbacks in clinical trials have cast doubts in some minds over the clinical future of gene therapy [1-3]. In the last two years, a number of studies have demonstrated therapeutic benefits in clinical trials aimed towards specific monogenetic disorders [4-6], and this has brought renewed optimism to the field. [...]
Population dependence in the interactions with neighbors for pollination: A field experiment with Taraxacum officinale
Authors: Lázaro Amparo , Totland Ørjan
Published: April 2010

• Premise of the study. The fitness of plants depends on their immediate biotic and abiotic environmental surroundings. The floral neighborhood of individual plants is part of this immediate environment and affects the frequency and behavior of their pollinators. However, the interactions among plants for pollination might differ among populations because populations differ in floral densities and pollinator assemblages. Despite that, manipulative experiments of the floral neighborhood in different populations with a specific focus on pollinator behavior are still rare.

• Methods. We introduced mixtures of two species (Salvia farinacae and Tagetes bonanza) in two populations of Taraxacum officinale and examined their effect on pollinators’ foraging behavior on Taraxacum.

• Key results. The effects of the heterospecific neighborhood differed among pollinator groups and between the two populations. Only honeybees consistently preferred both the most diverse (containing three species) and completely pure patches of Taraxacum in both populations. We found a strong and positive effect of patch diversity on visitation to Taraxacum in one population, whereas in the other population either no effect or a negative effect of plant diversity occurred, which we attribute to differences between populations in the ratio of pollinators to inflorescences. Pollinator visitation consistently increased with local Taraxacum density in both populations.

• Conclusions. Our study shows that a similar local neighborhood can differentially affect the frequency and foraging behavior of pollinators, even in closely situated populations. Experimental studies conducted in several populations would contribute to determine which factors drive the variation in pollination interactions among populations.
C-Arylation reactions catalyzed by CuO-nanoparticles under ligand free conditions
Authors: Kidwai Mazaahir , Bhardwaj Saurav , Poddar Roona
Published: April 2010

CuO-nanoparticles were found to be an excellent heterogeneous catalyst for C-arylation of active methylene compounds using various aryl halides. The products were obtained in good to excellent yield. The catalyst can be recovered and reused for four cycles with almost no loss in activity.
Markers of Bone Formation and Resorption Identify Subgroups of Patients with Clinical Knee Osteoarthritis Who Have Reduced Rates of Cartilage Loss
Authors: BERRY PATRICIA A. , MACIEWICZ ROSE A. , CICUTTINI FLAVIA M. , JONES MARK D. , HELLAWELL CAROLINE J. , WLUKA ANITA E.
Published: April 2010

Objective.

To determine whether serum markers of bone formation and resorption, used individually or in combination, can be used to identify subgroups who lose cartilage volume at different rates over 2 years within a knee osteoarthritis (OA) population.

Methods.

Changes in cartilage volume over 2 years were measured in 117 subjects with knee OA using magnetic resonance imaging. We examined relationships between change in cartilage volume and baseline serum markers of bone formation [intact N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP) and osteocalcin] and resorption [N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTX-I), C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I), and C-telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP).

Results.

The baseline markers of bone formation, PINP and osteocalcin (p = 0.02, p = 0.01, respectively), and the baseline markers of bone resorption, CTX-I and NTX-I (p = 0.02 for both), were significantly associated with reduced cartilage loss. There were no significant associations between baseline ratios of bone formation to resorption markers and cartilage loss. However, when subjects were divided into subgroups with high or low bone formation markers (based on levels of marker ≥ mean or < mean for the population, respectively), in the subgroup with high PINP there was a significant association between increasing bone resorption markers CTX-I and NTX-I and reduced cartilage loss (p = 0.02, p = 0.001, respectively). Similarly, in the subgroup with high osteocalcin, there was a significant association between increasing CTX-I and NTX-I and reduced cartilage loss (p = 0.02, p = 0.003, respectively). In contrast, in subgroups with low bone formation markers, no significant associations were obtained between markers of bone resorption and cartilage loss.

Conclusion.

Overall, the results suggest that higher bone remodeling (i.e., higher serum levels of bone formation and resorption) is associated with reduced cartilage loss. Considering markers of bone formation and resorption together, it is possible to identify subgroups within the OA population who have reduced rates of cartilage loss.
Where Do Songs Come From? Characteristics of Spatial Distribution of Versions of Selected Types of Slovenian Folk Songs
Authors: Petek Franci
Published: April 2010

V članku je predstavljena prostorska analiza razporeditve 619 zapisov 10 izbranih tipov slovenskih ljudskih pesmi. Zapisi so različno razporejeni po slovenskih pokrajinah. Petina vseh je bila zapisana na Gorenjskem, po številčnosti pa sledijo tisti z Dolenjske, celjskega območja Štajerske in mariborskega območja Štajerske.
***
The paper presents a spatial analysis of the distribution of 619 versions of ten selected types of Slovenian folk songs. The versions are variously distributed across Slovenia’s regions. A fifth of them were found in Gorenjska, followed numerically by Dolenjska, the Celje region of Štajerska, and the Maribor region of Štajerska.
Mapping and the Construction of Spaces in Dhermi/Drimades in Southern Albania
Authors: Gregorič Bon Nataša
Published: April 2010

Prispevek obravnava koncept prostora oz. prostorov in proces njihovega vzpostavljanja v Dermiju/Drimadesu v južni Albaniji. Z vsebino kratkih biografij štirih pripovedovalcev in njihovih zgodb ponazarja, kako pripovedovalci v spominjanju na selitve in potovanja v različne kraje, nenehno kartirajo poti. Te razmejujejo, zamejujejo in po-ustvarjajo prostore, znotraj katerih pripovedovalci opredeljujejo svojo pripadnost.
***
The paper discusses the concept of space or spaces and the process of their construction and reconstruction in Dhermi/Drimades, Southern Albanija. Short biographies of four story-tellers and their stories are introduced. The analysis of their contents illustrates how the story-tellers in remembering the movements and travelling of their ancestors continuously map the trajectories. These trajectories construct, deconstruct and reconstruct the boundaries that define the spaces whithin which the story-tellers constitute their belonging.