bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’association sos Villages d’enfants, l’audace à la croisée des besoins des enfants et des territoires
Authors: Foignet-Pohren Fabienne
Published: February 2024

Depuis près de soixante-dix ans, sos Villages d’enfants accueille des fratries séparées de leurs parents sur décision de justice pour leur offrir un point d’ancrage et une ressource affective. L’association s’est développée dans les années 1950 sur une logique de suppléance parentale en lien avec les orphelins de guerre, comme le firent beaucoup d’œuvres caritatives de l’époque. Elle évolue au cours des décennies suivantes vers une approche de la suppléance parentale qui prend en compte la place des familles même dans un contexte d’investissement. La valeur centrale et historique de l’association réside dans sa volonté de n’accueillir de façon non négociable que des frères et sœurs. Nous souhaitons ici mettre en avant une initiative récente de création d’un village dit « de tout-petits », à la croisée des attentes du département du Nord et des compétences de l’association sos Villages d’enfants. Si la focalisation sur une tranche d’âge spécifique ainsi que la modification structurelle de l’organisation en ce sens démontrent les innovations possibles de ses équipes interdisciplinaires, la prédominance de l’esprit de famille et du lien d’attachement comme gage principal de la croissance psychique restent les principes conducteurs.
Auschwitz à l’épreuve de la photographie
Authors: Halpérin Jean-Louis
Published: February 2024

(À propos de : Tal Bruttmann, Stefan Hördler et Christoph Kreutzmüller, Un album d’Auschwitz. Comment les nazis ont photographié leurs crimes , trad. de l’allemand par Olivier Mannoni, préface de Serge Klarsfeld, Paris, Seuil, 2023, 303 p.)
Numerical study of fractional phi-4 equation
Authors: Massoun Y. , Cesarano C. , Alomari A. K , Said A.
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we established an analytical solution for the fractional phi-4 model within the Caputo derivative using the homotopy analysis method. This equation known for its nonlinear characteristics often describes various physical phenomena like solitons, wave propagation, and field theories. The fractional version introduces fractional derivatives, making it even more challenging. The homotopy analysis method can effectively handle these nonlinearities. Our objective was to illustrate the reliability and accuracy of our proposed algorithm, which we achieved through a comparative analysis against results obtained using the Yang transform decomposition method. Using the residual error to determine the optimal value of the convergence control parameter $ \hbar $, the results presented underscored the remarkable efficiency and accuracy of this approach.
Innovative Financial Instruments for Green Investments
Authors: Khan Mohsin , Rahman Afzalur , Ebrahim Mohammad Shakir , Fatima Humaira
Published: February 2024

The chapter examines the creative use of blockchain and digital twin technologies in green finance that combines financial innovation with environmental sustainability. Blockchain and digital twin technologies are transforming traditional financial frameworks, making novel financial instruments essential for green investments. ESG-linked futures, green bonds, and sustainable asset-backed securities have evolved over time, and blockchain technology and digital twins have made them more reliable and appealing. The chapter also examines minimising the risks and improving return prediction in green investments. These technologies are shown in action in sustainable finance using real-world scenarios. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the challenges and potential advances of these revolutionary financial instruments and their growing relevance in environmentally friendly financial solutions. This comprehensive investigation aims to help financial professionals, investors, politicians, and academics navigate the ever-changing world of green investing.
Assessment of the Arc Resistance of 3D-Printed Insulation Materials for Outdoor High-Voltage Applications
Authors: Khaigunha Pattarabordee , Suksri Amnart , Wongwuttanasatian Tanakorn
Published: February 2024

High-voltage electrical equipment insulation often uses composite materials like epoxy resin, cross-linked polyethylene, polyurethane, and silicone rubber as encapsulation. 3D printing technology offers a more efficient and cost-effective solution, producing intricate elements without cutting and casting. Research shows that 3D printed materials have comparable properties to polymer-based insulation, but further testing is needed to evaluate their resistance to harsh environmental conditions. This research investigates the arc resistance properties of 3D printed insulation materials for outdoor high-voltage applications, assessing their suitability for outdoor applications. The wet and dry arc resistance tests were performed in accordance with ASTM D495-99 and IEC-60587. The present work investigated three varieties of samples: polylactic acid, epoxy resin, and silicone rubber. The results of the tests reveal that polylactic acid test samples have average wet and dry arc resistance times of 2.5 hours and 1.4 seconds, which is less than silicone rubber and epoxy resin. Additional research is required to comprehend the behavior of arc formation in polylactic acid insulation materials for high-voltage 3D printing applications.
We can and must do something
Authors: Bellone Andrea
Published: February 2024

The environmental consequences of climate change are well known. The rise in the sea-level, increasing temperatures and more extreme weather events, increased droughts, flooding, and wildfires are impacting human health and lives. Temperature and humidity are the most consistent associations with infectious diseases and respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurological outcomes. Temperature is also directly related to mortality and healthcare service use.1-3
The most important cause of global warming is the emissions of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, mainly carbon dioxide (CO2). The last year (2023) the amount of CO2 production in the world (fossil origin), was the largest.4 [...]
Factors affecting the onset and the degree of post-hysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse
Authors: Kurniawati Eighty Mardiyan , Hardianto Gatut , Paraton Hari , Setyo Hadi Tri Hastono , Widyasari Anis , Rahmawati Nur Anisah
Published: February 2024

Post-hysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse can affect life quality, and its onset varies. Previous studies have discussed the causes of post-hysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse but have not discussed the causes of the degree. This study aims to explore factors affecting the onset and degree of post-hysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse. A case-control study was conducted for seven years (2015-2022) at a tertiary referral hospital in East Java, Indonesia. Patient medical record data was accessed to find a diagnosis of post-hysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse. The onset was divided into two categories: ≤1 year and > 1 year. The pelvic organ prolapse quantification system measured the degree. The data were analyzed with the Chi-square test. A total of 34 patients were identified. Age influences the onset of post-hysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse (p<0.05). Number of living children, history of abortion, ethnic group, contraceptive use, number of marriages, body mass index (BMI), vaginal labor history, sexual status, and operation history did not influence the onset of complaints/appearance of post-hysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse (p≥0.05). Age, number of living children, history of abortion, ethnic group, contraceptive use, number of marriages, BMI, vaginal labor history, sexual status, operation history, and the onset did not differ between grade I-II and grade III-IV patients (p≥0.05). It is necessary to pay attention to the age factor to prevent and detect the emergence of post-hysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse.
Rituximab versus Splenectomy in Chronic Primary ITP: Experience of a Single Hematology Clinic
Authors: Shamoon Rawanda , Yassin Ahmed Khudair , Alnuaimi Sarah Laith
Published: February 2024

Objective: Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired immune-mediated disease that lacks an underlying etiology. Steroids are the main first-line treatment of ITP, while the second-line treatment consists primarily of splenectomy and rituximab. This study aimed to assess and compare the response to rituximab and splenectomy.

Methods: This retrospective comparative study reviewed ITP patients treated at a single private hematology clinic from 2007 to 2019. Seventy-four ITP patients were recruited, 27 were on rituximab, and 47 had undergone splenectomy. The initial platelet counts and bleeding symptoms were recorded, and initial and long-term responses to treatment were evaluated based on the American Society of Hematology guidelines.

Results: The mean age of the patients was 42.1 years with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.8. The initial mean platelet count was comparable between the rituximab and splenectomy groups (p = 0.749). The initial complete response (CR) differed significantly between the rituximab and splenectomy groups (44.4% versus 83%, p = 0.002). The five-year response rate was significantly higher in the splenectomy than in the rituximab group (74% versus 52%, log-rank 0.038). Splenectomy was the only significant predictive factor for long-term response (OR = 0.193, p = 0.006).

Conclusion: The overall response revealed that splenectomy appeared superior to rituximab as a second-line treatment of ITP. Splenectomy was the only positive prognostic indicator of sustained response.
The death of trooper Alexander Aberline, F Squadron, NSW Imperial Bushmen at Lichtenburg 2 October 1900
Authors: Bottomley John
Published: February 2024

Much of the history of the Anglo-Boer War is dour and brutal, as is to be expected of a three year struggle which many believed was genocidal in purpose. This war saw so many nationalities fighting against each other, and was at the same time a civil war involving Afrikaner against Afrikaner, and South African Englishspeakers, as well as many black combatants, fighting and dying on both sides. Yet, there was an emotional dimension to the war, although this level has so often been lost in the ‘grand overview’. This paper relates the story of one Australian combatant and his journey towards death in a foreign land. Trooper Aberline’s sacrifice was to have an impact on the Boers and his legacy went far beyond his rusting cross in the Lichtenburg cemetery which lies close to that of Edith Mathews who was buried nearby.
Environmental history and sustainable cultural dynamics
Authors: Tempelhoff J.W.N.
Published: February 2024

A notable sophistication has taken place in the field of environmental history, as a result of the endeavours of historians in the United States of America, Britain and Europe in recent years. In the article a number of trends are considered. Attention is given to the conceptualization of environmental history, nature, culture, dynamics and sustainability. Reference is made to global environmental history, as a result of its growing significance. Then more detailed attention is given to cultural environmental history. Historiographically the focus is on the United States of America and Britain where some of the definitive work in the field of environmental history has taken place. In the final section of the study cursory attention is also given to the development of the discipline in Africa and Southern Africa. “Wenn Menschen einer bestimmten Zeit ihre eigene Natur und die Natur um sie herum in bestimmter Weise wahrnehmen, so heist das nicht dass diese Art der Wahrnehmung willkürlich ware. Natur-Konstrukte sind nur dann von Dauer, wenn sie nützliche Erfahrungen enthalten. Wo der pure Konstruktivismus die Naturdiskussion in einem ahistorischen Milieu immer wieder an einen toten Punkt manövriert, beginnt für den Historiker das Nachdenken über die historisierte Natur.”
Christian National Education (CNE) and People’s Education (PE): Historical perspectives and some broad common grounds
Authors: Van Eeden E. S. , Vermeulen L.M.
Published: February 2024

A recognition of the legitimate origins of the idea of Christian-National Education in a people’s struggle for freedom does not mean endorsing the idea as such. Especially in its later development, it seems that the ChristianNational idea has taken on wholly unacceptable features…For those who identify with the people’s education movement, the Christian-National idea will be a symbol of the system of oppression against which they now struggle so that it will be difficult for them to appreciate its origins in an earlier struggle against oppression that closely parallels their own.
Bessie Head: Thunder behind her ears
Authors: Thomas Cornelius
Published: February 2024

No abstract available.
Education and social transformation: An Eastern Cape study (2006)
Authors: Ramadiro Brian
Published: February 2024

No abstract available.
Factors affecting Big Data adoption in a government organisation in the Western Cape
Authors: Bruintjies Andre N. , Njenga James
Published: February 2024

Background: Government organisations have realised the potential to derive value from Big Data (BD) and need to adopt BD. Currently, South African governmental organisations have not fully committed to adopting BD because they are unsure if they are adequately equipped, and additional empirical research is required to understand the salient factors that influence BD adoption.Objectives: This research investigates the factors influencing the adoption of BD at a government organisation in the Western Cape, South Africa.Method: This study adopted a qualitative research approach, using semi-structured interviews and snowball sampling to collect data from 11 participants at a government organisation in the Western Cape. Participants provided informed consent and it uses a thematic analysis approach to analyse the data.Results: The technology-organisation-environment (TOE) framework was used to study the factors influencing BD adoption at government organisations. Seventeen factors were identified, the majority in the organisational context of TOE framework. The salient factors were identified as top management support, finance, and budget, skills and talent and organisational strategy.Conclusion: The study found 17 factors that influence the adoption of BD at this government organisation and provides recommendations on how to address those factors to ensure that BD is adopted successfully.Contribution: This study presents empirical evidence of the factors that influence BD adoption in government organisations. By considering these factors, government organisations can integrate and synergise IT and business to ensure that the core business of government, which is service delivery to the citizens, is achieved competently by harnessing the potential of BD.
Cross-Sectional Study of the Relationship Between Medial Plantar Nerve Conduction Studies and Severity of Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Kartheka R , Aghoram Rajeswari , Faith A Joel , Wadwekar Vaibhav
Published: February 2024

Objective:

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), a complication of diabetes, is detected only in later stages. Medial plantar nerve (MPL) can identify earlier stages of neuropathy. We evaluated the correlation of MPL sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs) and severity of DPN measured using the Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Score (TCNS).

Methods:

In this hospital-based, cross-sectional study, we recruited diabetic subjects referred for suspected DPN. Neuropathy was graded with TCNS. Sural nerve conduction studies were performed using standard techniques. MPL studies were conducted using the modified Ponsford technique. All evaluations were performed on Nihon Kohden (model MEB 9200K). Averaged MPL SNAP was correlated with TCNS using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. To estimate a correlation of 0.4 with 80% power (P = 0.05), we needed 46 subjects. Linear regression was conducted to adjust for age, duration, and diabetic control. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to obtain the cutoff for MPL SNAP values using the Youden index.

Results:

Fifty-one subjects with a mean age of 53.5 years (8.7) and mean duration of diabetes of 10.2 years (7.2) were included. MPL SNAPs were recordable in 12 patients, and the mean amplitude was 5.15 (2.9) µV. There was correlation between MPL SNAP and TCNS (r = -0.43, P = 0.02). No confounding was seen. Use of MPL SNAP resulted in diagnosis of DPN in an additional six (11.8%) patients. The ROC curve suggested that MPL SNAP cutoff of 1.05 µV had an accuracy of 67% in identifying neuropathy as defined by TCNS.

Conclusions:

MPL SNAP has a moderate correlation with clinical score and identifies more diabetic neuropathy than sural nerve.
Socio-demographic variables for child immunisation among Khatik population of Delhi
Authors: Sharma Kirti , Kumar Naveen , Kshatriya Gautam K. , Deb Roumi
Published: February 2024

Background:

In India, the Expanded Programme on Immunization was introduced in 1978 and renamed the Universal Immunization Programme in 1985 with the intention of immunising at least 85% of newborns. To improve infant mortality and health outcomes in India and other low and middle income countries, it is critical to understand the local immunisation barriers.

Methodology:

A community based cross sectional study was conducted amongst the Khatik population of North East Delhi. All childbearing women were included in the study, and data from 387 mothers was collected.

Results:

The illiteracy rate amongst women (18.3%) was found to be higher compared to that amongst men (7.1%). A high proportion of the children were immunised (98.7%). The results of the chisquare test revealed that the influence of socio demographic variables was not statistically associated, with the immunisation status of the children (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

However, it was also evaluated that both mothers and fathers with high and intermediate school levels of education were more likely to immunise their child compared to those who were illiterate, and with primary and middle levels of education. Increasing mothers’ knowledge could help to reduce the number of children who are not immunised.
Relationship between Different Levels of Luminance and Color Temperature of LED Lamps on Human Error and Work Speed in Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Khajehvarnamkhasti Zahra , Dabaghi Elahe , Dehghan Habibollah , Habibi Ehsanollah
Published: February 2024

Aim:

The use of appropriate lighting systems can have a significant impact on improving cognitive performance parameters and reducing workplace accidents. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between different levels of luminance and color temperature of LED lamps on human error and the work speed of individuals in laboratory conditions.

Materials and Methods:

This empirical study was conducted on 12 men and women volunteers. Two LED lamps with two color temperatures of 3000°K and 6000°K were set at angles of 15°, 30°, and 45° and with the same light intensity of 300 lux. Accuracy and work speed parameters were recorded at different time intervals using a target accuracy test. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.

Results:

The mean ± standard deviation age of the participants in this study was 20.9 ± 1.2 years, and 50% (6 individuals) were male. The results showed that human error among people in three different angles of luminance for color temperatures of 6000°K and 3000°K was significant (P < 0.01), and in terms of the work speed, this difference was not significant (P > 0.05). The comparison of error counts and work speed between two color temperatures of 3000°K and 6000°K at all three angles of luminance independently showed a significant difference only in error counts (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

The results demonstrated that the angle of luminance and color temperature have an impact on human error, with individuals exhibiting fewer errors at higher color temperatures. The findings of this research can be utilized in industries that involve high cognitive performance-sensitive occupations.
Screen Time and Child Behavioral Disorders During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review
Authors: Abdoli Maryam , Khoshgoftar Mohadeseh , Jadidi Hosin , Daniali Seyede Shahrbanoo , Kelishadi Roya
Published: February 2024

Background:

The extensive use of various electronic games and communication devices, particularly among children and adolescents, has raised concerns, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigated the link between screen time and internalizing disorders, such as anxiety and depression, among individuals aged ≤18 during the global COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:

This systematic review aims to summarize scientific publications from 2019 to early 2022 by searching databases, including the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycINFO, to identify suitable studies. In each paper, we searched the following keywords and their synonyms: screen, child, high school, middle school, and psychiatric disorders. The quality of the selected papers was evaluated using a checklist recommended by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for observational cohort studies.

Results:

Out of 986 reports identified, we included 12 papers with 14,483 participants. The study revealed a negative correlation between screen time (TV, computer, video games, and mobile phones) and behavioral outcomes. Smartphones were the most frequently used devices, with video games being more prevalent among older participants for education, communication, and entertainment purposes. The prevalence of depression ranged between 10% and 25%. Furthermore, anxiety and depression were identified as predictors of increased screen usage. Some results displayed variation based on the type of screen exposure, the questionnaires used, and the age of the participants.

Conclusions:

The findings imply an indirect association between increased screen time and depression and anxiety. It is crucial to consider limitations on screen time exposure and parental supervision as measures to prevent certain mental disorders.
Management of Infected Femoral Nonunion by Arched External Fixator Augmented by Flexible Intramedullary Nails
Authors: El Gebaly Osama , Nada Abdullah Ahmed , Elforse Elsayed , Hamed Hany
Published: February 2024

Purpose:

The aim of this study is to evaluate the functional and radiological outcome of the management of infected femoral nonunion by arched frame augmented by flexible intramedullary nails.

Patients and Methods:

In this retrospective case series study, 20 cases were included. All patients had chronically infected nonunited fracture femur. The mean age of the included patients was 33 years. The site of the femoral fracture was midshaft in 12 patients, proximal third of femur in 6 patients, and distal third in 2 cases. Initially, the fracture was open in 17 patients and closed in 3 patients. Four of the included patients had diabetes mellitus. Ten cases were smokers and six of them were heavy smokers. All cases were managed by arched frames, augmented by flexible intramedullary nails. Functional and radiological evaluation was performed using the Association for the Study and Application of the Methods of Ilizarov (ASAMI) scoring system.

Results:

The mean follow-up was 18.45 months. All cases achieved union except two cases (10%). According to ASAMI bony score, 11 patients (55%) were excellent, 6 (30%) were good, 1 was fair (5%), and 2 (10%) showed poor results. According to ASAMI functional score, 3 patients were excellent, 15 (75%) were good, 3 (15%) were fair, and 2 (10%) showed poor results.

Conclusion:

The management of infected nonunion of the femur by arched frame and intramedullary flexible nails provides a stable fixation, with acceptable functional and radiological results.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV case series study.
Comparison of Various Commonly Used Luting Cements on the Success of Composite Inlays Assessed by the Levels of the Microleakage—An In vitro Study
Authors: Uppalapati Vishwaja , Shivanand Sunita , Agarwal Ishita , Mustafa Mohammed , Dutta Smita D. , Sharma Mayank
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Indirect composite restoration is one of the commonly followed procedures in the posterior teeth. The success of this is dependent on many factors, one being the luting cement. Hence, the current study explores the microleakage of the two luting cements at 2 different times.

Materials and Methods:

Eighty extracted human teeth were taken, and class II cavities were made that were to receive the composite inlays. They were grouped as supragingival and subgingival, which for further divided as were further subdivided to be observed for marginal leakage at cervical and occlusal margins, at the end of a day and 1 month. Each group had ten specimens. The luting cements that were evaluated were Variolink N and RelyX Unicem. After the composite inlay restoration was done for all the specimens, the sections were put on slides, and a stereomicroscope was used to measure the amount of dye penetration. Leakage was evaluated and compared using Mann–Whitney U test.

Results:

At the end of 1 day, there was no significant alteration in the microleakage in the occlusal or cervical regions for either region supragingivally or subgingivally between the two luting cements. Significant difference between the two cements at the cervical borders at the end of a month was seen for both the margins. When compared supragingivally and subgingivally at the end of 1 day or at the end of 1 month, there was not a significant difference for any of the cements.

Conclusion:

Within the constraints of the current investigation, it can be said that there was similar microleakage for both Variolink N and RelyX Unicem at the conclusion of a day’s storage time. After a 1-month storage period, RelyX Unicem showed more cervical microleakage than Variolink N.
Evaluation to Determine Antibiotic Resistance Reduction in Gram-Negative Bacteria from 2019 to 2021 by the Saudi Arabia National Plan
Authors: Alrehaili Jihad Awadallah
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

The main objective of this study was to investigate the three-year evaluation of antibiotic resistance (AR) of multi-drug-resistant organisms and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-resistant rate of gram-negative bacteria in one of the largest hospitals by the Saudi Arabia Nation Plan.

Methods:

This study was conducted in the Department of Laboratory Medicine, in a private hospital in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia, from January 2019 to December 2021 in 120-bed private hospitals. A total of 4700 gram-negative isolated organisms were obtained from the various specimens of the patients, and antibiotic sensitivity tests were performed. According to the manufacturer’s instructions, the inoculum prepared was applied to two test cards, one for the identification system VITEK 2 ID-GNB and another for susceptibility testing antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) No. 12.

Result:

The most common gram-negative bacteria isolated was Escherichia coli (2706/4700; 57.57%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (905/4700; 19.25%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (395/4700; 8.40%). Escherichia coli’s highest AR reduction was reported for cefotaxime (CTX) of 29% (295/1018; 29%, 172/818; 21%, 0/870; 0%) for 2019, 2020, and 2021, respectively. Except for Salmonella species, which displayed enhanced AR, the ESBL and multidrug-resistant (MDR) rates decreased significantly (p 0.05) for most bacteria.

Conclusion:

This study helps to understand the maximum number of gram-negative bacteria susceptible to the Saudi National Action Plan (SNAP) to decrease the prevalence of AR, ESBL, and MDR. To comprehensively understand SNAP’s effectiveness, other trials involving gram-positive bacteria should be considered.
An Insight into the Present Pandemic Scenario (COVID-19) with Respect to Maxfac Speciality
Authors: Awasthy Arunima , Manjula V. , Mohanty Liza , Ahmed Thousif , Latha H Aparna , Jeevitha Jessica Y. , Makkad Ramanpal S.
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

The December 2019 pandemic killed about 2 million people and impacted countless more. SARS-CoV-2 causes COVID-19. The sickness causes dyspnea, high temperature, dry cough, loss of taste smell, etc., Due to the disease’s fast spread, oral and maxillofacial surgical practices must be reconsidered. The World Health Organization, Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons of India, and other reputable bodies have released guidelines for safe and efficient COVID-19 therapy. This poll seeks surgeons’ awareness of these worldwide and national bodies’ guidance. A social media poll generated 173 replies, which were analyzed and interpreted. Many surgeons were aware of the recommendations and safety precautions, but others were unaware of the modifications in oral and maxillofacial surgery practice procedures.
Effectiveness of Early Intervention with Palatal Expansion Versus Late Orthodontic Treatment for Correcting Maxillary Crowding
Authors: Alam Mohammad K. , Elbeshbeishy Rana , Abutayyem Huda M. , Sghaireen Mohammed G.
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Maxillary crowding is a common orthodontic issue that can impact a patient’s oral health and overall well-being. The timing of orthodontic treatment plays a crucial role in achieving optimal results.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty patients who received early intervention with palatal expansion (Group A) and 30 patients who underwent late orthodontic treatment (Group B) were included in this study. The age range for Group A was 8–10 years, while Group B had an age range of 16–18 years. Pretreatment and posttreatment records, including dental models and cephalometric radiographs, were analyzed to assess the effectiveness of the respective treatments.

Results:

In Group A, the mean duration of treatment was 12 months, and the maxillary crowding was corrected by an average of 4.5 mm. In Group B, the mean treatment duration was 24 months, and maxillary crowding was corrected by an average of 3.2 mm. The early intervention group (Group A) exhibited a statistically significant reduction in treatment duration and greater correction of maxillary crowding compared to the late orthodontic treatment group (Group B) (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Early intervention with palatal expansion is an effective approach for correcting maxillary crowding, leading to shorter treatment duration and greater improvement compared to late orthodontic treatment.
Assessment of GCS and FOUR Score as Prognostic Indicators for Hospital Stay and Morbidity in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients: An Observational Study
Authors: Anand K. V. , Shahid P. T. , Shameel K. K.
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:

The objective of the present research was to evaluate variations in hospital stay as well as morbidity based on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Full Outline of Un-Responsive (FOUR) scores for patients who had traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Materials and Methods:

A total of 107 patients with TBI patients who attended the emergency department of MES Medical College, Perinthalmanna, were enrolled into the study. FOUR and GCS scoring systems were used to assess the patients within 24 hours of the presentation to the emergency department. Both FOUR and GCS scoring systems were assessed at the same time. The outcome was measured in terms of length of hospital stay and morbidity, which was assessed using modified Rankin score. Chi-square test was used to calculate sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. A P value <0.05 was considered significant.

Results:

We found a strong positive correlation between GCS and FOUR score with a Spearman coefficient of 0.9. Comparison of AUC between GCS score and FOUR score showed a statistically significant difference (P = 0.0044), predicting that FOUR score was a better predictor of hospital stay (>15 days) than GCS score. Comparison of AUC between GCS score and FOUR score showed a significant statistical difference (P = 0.0002), showing that FOUR score was a better predictor of morbidity than GCS.

Conclusion:

FOUR score was a better predictor of hospital stay and morbidity as compared to GCS score.
Comparing the Effectiveness of Traditional Periodontal Surgery Versus Non-Surgical Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Vadvadgi Vinay H , Gulati Ruchi , Wankhede Anand , Amrita  , Mehra Parth , Charan Yadav K Shiva
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Periodontal disease, characterized by inflammation and infection of the supporting structures of teeth, poses a significant oral health challenge. Traditional periodontal surgery and non-surgical therapy, such as scaling and root planing, are established treatment approaches for addressing periodontal disease

Materials and Methods:

The study enrolled 120 adult patients diagnosed with moderate to severe periodontal disease. Participants were randomly allocated to one of two groups: the traditional surgery group (TSG) or the non-surgical therapy group (NSTG). In the TSG, patients underwent traditional periodontal surgery, which included flap surgery and grafts when deemed necessary. The surgical procedures were performed by experienced periodontal surgeons. In contrast, the NSTG received non-surgical therapy in the form of scaling and root planing administered by trained dental hygienists. Outcome measures encompassed clinical parameters and patient-centered outcomes. Periodontal pocket depth and clinical attachment level, both measured in millimeters, were assessed at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Patient-reported outcomes, including pain, discomfort, and satisfaction, were collected through standardized questionnaires at each follow-up visit.

Results:

Patients in the TSG experienced a notable reduction in pocket depth from a baseline of 6.8 mm to 3.7 mm at the 6-month mark, resulting in a change of -3.1 mm. Conversely, the NSTG exhibited a reduction from 6.7 mm to 4.0 mm, with a change of -2.7 mm. In the TSG, the baseline attachment level of 7.2 mm decreased to 5.1 mm at 6 months, indicating a change of -2.1 mm. In the NSTG, the attachment level decreased from 7.1 mm to 5.5 mm, resulting in a change of -1.6 mm. Patients in the TSG reported an average pain score of 3.6 on a 1–10 scale, discomfort of 4.2, and satisfaction of 7.8. In contrast, patients in the NSTG reported lower pain (2.1) and discomfort (2.9) scores but similar satisfaction levels (8.4)

Conclusion:

In this randomized controlled trial (RCT), both traditional periodontal surgery and non-surgical therapy demonstrated improvements in clinical parameters and patient-reported outcomes. Traditional surgery resulted in greater reductions in periodontal pocket depth and clinical attachment loss at the 6-month follow-up.
Assessment of Role of Bisphosphonates on Dental Implant Treatment in Post-menopausal Ladies
Authors: Manas Abhigyan , Mulla Munaz , Grover Shubhi , Garhnayak Mirna , Mulla Mushir , Parihar Anuj Singh
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

To examine the impact of bisphosphonates (BPs) on dental implant treatment and alveolar bone in post-menopausal ladies

Materials and Methods:

Twenty post-menopausal ladies who had at least one dental implant within the previous 5 years participated in the current study. Ten subjects were categorized into two groups: Group A had BP medication for 1.5 years, and group B received parathyroid hormone (PTH). Both groups’ bone thickness and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured.

Result:

Group A had 5%, and group B had 5% of dental implants failures. BMD of cortical bone was 1468 ± 136 mg/mL and 1008 ± 84 mg/mL in groups A and B, correspondingly. The cortical and cancellous bone densities in both the groups were statically significant. Cortical bone thickness was insignificant in comparison

Conclusion:

Both cortical and cancellous bones’ bone mineral density decreased in both groups. With continued usage of BPs, the cortical bone thickness increased.
Evaluating the compatibility mechanism of shengxian decoction based on an excretion study of 18 bioactive constituents in rat biosamples
Authors: Pang Tao , Weng Nan , Chen Yong , Huang Cui-Yun , Sun Mei , Zhang Feng , Chen Wan-Sheng
Published: February 2024

Introduction:

The Shengxian decoction (SXT), a Chinese herbal medication used to treat heart failure, is composed of Astragali Radix, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, Bupleuri Radix, Cimicifuage Rhizoma, and Platycodonis Radix. Knowledge of the excretion of the active compounds in this herbal medication is vital for investigating the underlying mechanisms behind its compatibility. However, this remains unclear.

Methods:

Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was performed in both positive and negative modes to assay 18 constituents of SXT from rat urinary, fecal, and biliary samples.

Results:

The methodology was validated and showed good linearity (r ≥ 0.9), precision, stability, repeatability, and recovery. The relative standard deviations and relative errors for the precision and accuracy did not exceed 15%. The recoveries of all the compounds ranged from 77.37% to 114.82%, and the matrix effect was between 82.53% and 105.71%. The results suggested that, when combined with Platycodonis Radix, the levels of 14 constituents from the four herbs were reduced in the urine, while the levels of six constituents were reduced in the feces.

Conclusions:

The comparative excretion results indicated that Platycodonis Radix reduced the excretion of compounds in SXT, demonstrating the compatibility mechanism and holistic properties of these compounds, favoring the pharmacological effects of SXT.
Quasi-stationary distribution for strongly Feller Markov processes by Lyapunov functions and applications to hypoelliptic Hamiltonian systems
Authors: Guillin Arnaud , Nectoux Boris , Wu Liming
Published: February 2024

We establish a general result on the existence and uniqueness of a quasi-stationary distribution

\mu_{\mathcal{D}}

of a strongly Feller Markov process

(X_{t},t\ge 0)

killed when it exits a domain 

\mathcal{D}

, under some Lyapunov function condition. Our result covers the case of hypoelliptic damped Hamiltonian systems. Our method is based on a characterization of the essential spectral radius by means of Lyapunov functions and measures of noncompactness.
On sup-norm bounds part I: Ramified Maaß newforms over number fields
Authors: Assing Edgar
Published: February 2024

We prove new upper bounds for the sup-norm of Hecke Maaß newforms on

\textup{GL}(2)

over a number field. Our newforms are more general than those considered in a recent paper by Blomer, Harcos, Maga, and Milićević: we do not require square-free level. Furthermore, we allow for non-trivial central character. Over the rationals we recover the best bounds obtained by Saha.
Analyse phytochimique des extraits éthanoliques de la variété blanche d’Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn (Malvaceae) et évaluation de toxicité aiguë par voie orale chez des rats Wistar
Authors: Akpo Jean-Michel Kouassi , Sangare-Oumar Maxime Machioud , Sacramento Isabelle Teniola , Issotina Abdoulaye Zibrila , Guinnin Felix Fanou , Houngbeme Alban
Published: February 2024

Les populations du centre et du Septentrion du Bénin utilisent les feuilles, les calices et les graines de la variété blanche Hibiscus  sabdariffa L. dans l’alimentaire et en pharmacopée pour la prévenir et le traiter diverses maladies. Ce travail visait d’une part à  déterminer la composition en métabolites secondaires de ces trois organes sus-mentionnés et d’autre part, à évaluer la toxicité aiguë de  leurs extraits. A cet effet une analyse phytochimique basée sur des réactions de coloration et/ou de précipitation a été effectué afin  d’identifier quelques composés chimiques qu’ils contiennent. La toxicité aigüe des extraits des organes a été testée par observation  durant 14 jours après gavage par une dose unique de 5000 mg/kg pv à des rats Wistar contre des témoins. Les tests phytochimiques révèlent la présence des tanins galliques, des flavonoïdes, des anthocyanes, des leuco-anthocyanes, des mucilages, des composés  réducteurs, des anthracéniques combinés dans les trois organes. En ce qui concerne la toxicité, les extraits des trois organes de la plante  n’ont pas provoqué de variations significatives des taux d’urée, de l’uricémie des bilirubines, l’Aspartate Aminotransférase (ASAT),   l’Alanine Aminotransférase (ASAT) et la Phosphatase Alcaline (PAL) chez rats Wistar (p > 0,05).

 

English title: Phytochemical analysis of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn (Malvaceae) ethanolic extracts and evaluation of acute oral toxicity in  Wistar rats

The populations of central and northern Benin use the leaves, chalices and seeds of the white variety Hibiscus sabdariffa L. in food and in  pharmacopoeia in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. This work aimed on the one hand to determine the composition in  secondary metabolites of these three above-mentioned organs and on the other hand, to evaluate the acute toxicity of their extracts. To  this end, phytochemical analysis based on coloring and/or precipitation reactions was carried out in order to identify some chemical  compounds they contain. The acute toxicity of the organ extracts was tested by observation for 14 days after gavage with a single dose of  5000 mg/kg bw in Wistar rats against controls. Phytochemical tests reveal the presence of gallic tannins, flavonoids, anthocyanins,  leuco-anthocyanins, mucilages, reducing compounds, anthracenics combined in the three organs. With regard to toxicity, the extracts of  the three plant organs did not cause significant variations in the levels of urea, uricemia, bilirubins, Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST),  Alanine Aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in Wistar rats (p > 0.05).
Morphological, Mechanical and Thermal Characteristics of PLA /Cocos nucifera L Husk and PLA/Zea mays Chaff Lignin Fibre Mats Composites
Authors: Gbenebor O.P. , Odili C.C. , Obasa V.D. , Ochulor E.F. , Kusoro S.O. , Udogu-Obia O.C. , Adeosun S.O.
Published: February 2024

Polylactide (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer with low elongation which limits its use in some applications. The incorporation of biowaste  particles has been employed to improve its properties. This work thus examines the impact of lignin particles reinforced on electrospun  PLA fibre mats. Acid hydrolysis (1M of HCl at 60 and 100 oC for 2 and 4 h was used to extract lignin from Cocos nucifera L (CNHL) and Zea  Mays Chaff (CCL). Lignin particles were added to molten PLA, stirred, and electrospun at 26 kV, using a static aluminum collector plate placed at 121mm from the spinneret tip. Morphological examination reveals that fibre diameter of neat PLA (9.7 µm) increased from 107  – 285 % with the additions of reinforcements. Maximum tensile strength of 1.03 MPa is recorded for PLA/CNHL 60oC /2 h. This composite  maintains the highest elongation of 0.069 % compared to neat PLA (0.046 %). X-Ray diffractometer (XRD) result informs that the  crystallinity of neat PLA (67.6 %) improves by 3%, with the use of CNHL 60 oC/ 2 h. Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) result shows that  both fibre composites possess better thermal stability (380 oC) compared to reinforcing PLA fibre (319 oC).
Crack detection in historic structures using an improved Prewitt filter: Case study of the Historic Si-o-se-pol Bridge in Iran
Authors: Saadatmorad Morteza , Rezaei-Sedehi Erfan , Khatir Samir
Published: February 2024

In contrast to new and modern structures, historical structures have cultural significance, and it is essential to make an effort to preserve them. For this purpose, fast and accurate damage detection of historical structures plays a crucial role. Thus, the current study introduces a novel and effective tool for detecting cracks in historic structures. A new and modified version of the Prewitt filter is proposed to detect cracks in the Si-o-se-pol Bridge, a historic bridge in Iran. Results of crack detection using vertical and horizontal Prewitt filters are compared to those obtained from the proposed improved filter. The findings show that the improved Prewitt filter has significantly better performance compared to the vertical and horizontal Prewitt filters.
The effects of nonlinear soil spatial variability on the nonlinear beam response
Authors: SEGUINI MERIEM , Djamel Nedjar
Published: February 2024

The nonlinear analysis of a beam resting on nonlinear random tensionless soil was studied with the aim of quantifying the influence of the spatial variability of the tension soil characteristics on the behavior of the beam and illustrating the importance of the geometric nonlinear analysis of a beam. The soil–structure interaction mechanism is taken into account where the soil is modeled as nonlinear. Due to large deflections and moderate rotations of the beam, the Von-Kàrman type nonlinearity based on the finite element formulation of nonlinear beam response is adopted and the interfacial shearing resistance along the beam is taken into account. To assess the probabilistic nonlinear behavior of the beam resting on nonlinear random soil, a Monte Carlo approach was used and the response of the beam was statistically analyzed for different beam and soil parameters. The equation of motion is solved using the Newton-Raphson iterative method which is implemented by using a Matlab software. The results indicate that the probabilistic approach of the soil and the geometric nonlinearity of the beam serve a major role in the evaluations of the beam response (of the real response of the buried beam).
Discourses of positive welfare by UK sheep farmers and industrial actors.
Authors:   , Muhammad Mukhtar
Published: February 2024

Farm animal welfare science promotes positive welfare to facilitate positive experiences for animals instead of focusing solely on minimising negative experiences that can only achieve the concept is still in its infancy, it is communicated and interpreted differently by the scientific community, farmers, other industry actors (veterinarians, farming organisations, and advisors), and the public. There are growing numbers of studies exploring the impact of this development in the veterinary and critical social science literature, which explore the framing and perceptions of positive welfare. Previous studies have focused more on content-based analyses and have not unravelled the complexity of the discourses, and the meanings of positive welfare. Furthermore, there is less focus on what positive welfare means for extensively reared outdoor livestock such as sheep. This study explores the views, meanings and understanding of positive welfare by sheep industry actors in the United Kingdom (UK) using a participatory research methodology. Taking a close look at how farmers and other industry actors view, understand and articulate positive welfare, the study found a series of counter-narratives regarding the concept of positive welfare. The study also highlights evidence that shows the adoption of positive welfare in practice, even though the practices are not necessarily narrated as being positive welfare by those actors. This study is of value to policy makers and industry actors in how they frame and facilitate positive welfare in extensively reared livestock systems. It demonstrates the importance of a participatory, co-design approach mobilising those affected by a societal issue in order to empower farmers and industry in implementing social change.