bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Bauran Pemasaran Terhadap Tingkat Penjualan (Studi Home Industry Roti Al Mustofa di Metro
Authors: Wariyanti Susi , Liberty Liberty , Imtihanah Ani Nurul
Published: August 2022

AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk melihat bagaimana bauran pemasaran dalam meningkatan penjualan pada home industry Roti Al Mustafa. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu penelitian lapangan (field research) dengan data-data yang dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan bersifat desktiptif-kualitatif melalui metode berfikir induktif, yaitu berpikir dari khusus ke umum yang berangkat dari informasi tentang bauran pemasaran pada home industry roti Al Mustafa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa home industry roti Al Mustafa telah menerapkan strategi bauran pemasaran melalui 4P yaitu dari segi produk dan harga roti Al Mustafa menciptakan produk yang berkualitas dengan harga yang terjangkau sehingga mampu menarik minat konsumen untuk melakukan pembelian ulang yang berimbaas pada peningkatan penjualan pada setiap varian roti. Dari segi tempat/saluran distribusi, dengan cakupan wilayah distribusi seperti Metro, Trimurjo, Punggur, Pekalongan dan Bandar Jaya sehingga belum mampu meningkatkan penjualan secara maksimal dikarenakan kurangnya perluasan wilayah pemasaran yang masih terfokus pada sekolah dan warung-warung. Dan dari segi promosi, roti Al Mustafa masih menggunaka sistem promosi yang sederhana yaitu melalui metode mulut ke mulut

Kata kunci: Bauran Pemasaran, Penjualan, Home Industry

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to see how the marketing mix in increasing sales at the Al Mustafa Bread home industry. This type of research is field research with data collected through interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique used is descriptive-qualitative through the method of inductive thinking, namely thinking from specific to general which departs from information about the marketing mix in the Al Mustafa bakery home industry. The results showed that the Al Mustafa bakery home industry has implemented a marketing mix strategy through 4P, namely in terms of products and prices of Al Mustafa bread, creating quality products at affordable prices so that they are able to attract consumers to make repeat purchases which lead to increased sales in each variant. bread. In terms of distribution places / channels, with coverage of distribution areas such as Metro, Trimurjo, Punggur, Pekalongan and Bandar Jaya so that they have not been able to increase sales maximally due to the lack of expansion of the marketing area which is still focused on schools and shops. And in terms of promotion, Al Mustafa bread still uses a simple promotion system, namely through the word of mouth method.

Keywords: Marketing Mix, Sales, Home Industry
Strategi Pemasaran dalam Meningkatkan Pendapatan Pada Industri Kriya Souvenir Khas Lampung )
Authors: Nuriasari Selvia , Mahfudzoh Siti , Dewichan Sukma Sari
Published: August 2022

Istana Seni adalah satu-satunya produsen kriya souvenir khas Lampung di Kota Metro yang bertahan lebih dari sepuluh tahun. Rata-rata pertumbuhan Pendapatan produk kriya Istana Seni tahun 2016 hingga 2018 cenderung fluktuatif menurun kecuali tahun 2017 yang naik sebesar 14.51%. Adapun pertumbuhan Pendapatan Istana Seni secara berturut-turut adalah dari 11.25%, 14.51% dan 12.18%. Artinya pada akhir tahun 2018, turun dibandingkan tahun sebelum. Untuk mengantisipasi terjadinya penurunan pendapatan di tahun 2019, Istana Seni mereformulasi strategi pemasaran yang tepat dengan menfokuskan pada bauran pemasaran. Untuk menganalisa penerapan strategi pemasaran tersebut, peneliti menggunakan etika pemasaran Islami.

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan dengan sifat kualitatif deskriptif dengan mendeskripsikan data di lapangan melalui wawancara dan dokumentasi untuk mengetahui formulasi strategi pemasaran dengan menfokuskan bauran pemasaran yang digunakan Istana Seni untuk meningkatkan trend pendapatan. Untuk itu, peneliti mewawancarai Jalius sebagai pemilik, karyawan Istana Seni dan pembeli untuk mendapatkan gambaran mengenai formulasi strategi pemasaran yang didukung dokumen seperti data pendapatan selama beberapa tahun terakhir.

Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Istana Seni menggunakan bauran pemasaran 7 P untuk meningkatkan pendapatan industri kriya Istana Seni. Adapun bauran pemasaran yang digunakan adalah product, price, place, promotion, process, people dan physical evidence, dengan titik fokus pada tiga bauran pemasaran yaitu bauran produk, bauran harga dan bauran promosi. Hasil yang dicapai adalah trend pendapatan di akhir tahun 2019 meningkat  tipis. Ditinjau dari prinsip pemasaran Islami, maka penerapan strategi pemasaran telah sesuai.
A Systematic Review of Factors Associated with Special Education Teacher Recruitment
Authors: Hobson Jarrod
Published: August 2022

Addressing teacher shortage is a current and long-standing critical need in special education. Additionally, the current teacher workforce is not as diverse as the current student population. Nationwide, there continues to be a heavy emphasis on using uncertified teachers for unfilled positions. Unfortunately, this response has the potential for short and long-term impact on student and school outcomes. Teacher recruitment is a potential area of focus for stabilizing the supply of future educators. This systematic literature review was designed to identify strategies and factors associated with the recruitment of future special education teachers into the field. Identified factors include financial support, past experiences with individuals with disabilities, targeted recruitment, and flexible pathways.  Implications for future researchers, teacher preparation programs, local school divisions, and policymakers are provided.
Sources of Civil and Sports Law as a sub-branch of Civil Law of Ukraine
Authors: Morhunov O. A. , Lysenko I. V. , Lysenko A. M.
Published: August 2022

The article is devoted to the topical issues of analysis and systematization of sources of Sports and Civil Law. The role of sports in the development of modern society is constantly growing. The development of civil and sports legal relations requires the systematization of the sources of Sports Law, which should harmonize the entire complex of normative legal acts in the field of physical culture and sports. This would make it possible to develop educational programmes for training future specialists in this field, and would raise the legal resolution of disputes in this field to a more professional level.

State policy and private financing in this area require a qualitatively new level of legal regulation. This requires the creation and systematization of legal norms regulating sports relations. In particular, among the issues that require a legislative solution are the regulation of the legal status of the athlete, the peculiarities of the protection of the rights and interests of the subjects of sports relations, and more. For this, first of all, it is necessary to determine the legal sources of Civil and Sports Law and unify them with international legal sources.

Civil and Sports Law has its own sources of law. This is the basis for its inclusion in the structure of the civil legislation of Ukraine. Systematization of civil sports legislation should be carried out through codification. This is explained by the presence of a large number of sources of Sports Law, which contain conflict of laws rules and do not always meet international requirements and standards, as a rule, they are of a general nature. It will also help to eliminate the gaps and contradictions that currently exist in the legal acts regulating the relationship between physical culture and sports. In addition, Civil and Sports Law will meet international standards, the legal status of professional athletes and other subjects of sports legal relations will become more protected, research in the field of Private Law regulation of social relations arising in the field of physical culture and sports will be intensified, it will make it possible to establish the procedure for consideration of disputes between subjects of sports legal relations more transparent.
Medicamentos no Brasil: Entre Naturais e Sintéticos (1920 a 2000)
Authors: Fernandes Tania Tania
Published: August 2022

A história da produção de medicamentos apresenta uma forte inflexão na década de 1940, com a introdução, no mercado mundial, de medicamentos sintéticos e ampliação e instalação, em vários países, de empresas de caráter multinacional em acordo com o modelo econômico, então implementado, colocando-as entre as mais rentáveis em escala global. No Brasil, a expansão dos laboratórios farmacêuticos nacionais, observada a partir de 1920, sofreu, neste contexto, significativa retração que levou o setor industrial químico-farmacêutico a um profundo esfacelamento, dada às opções políticas e econômicas do país pela transferência de tecnologia e não investimento na autonomia do setor. O crescimento das indústrias multinacionais consolidou, também, os processos de síntese para os produtos farmoquímicos, em substituição aos de origem natural. Mais recentemente, a obtenção de medicamentos através de métodos biotecnológicos, ganhou espaço, proporcionando novas mudanças na estrutura de produção e no mercado farmacêutico mundial. Neste estudo buscaremos analisar estes processos de mudança relacionando indústria e conhecimento científico dos produtos naturais e sintéticos nos contextos diferenciados.
Influence of age and gender on salivary flow rate in completely edentulous patients
Authors: Al-Azzawi Dr. Sundus Ismail , Alwan Dr. Alia Mahmood , Salal Dr. Raya Hatim
Published: August 2022

The denture retention and stability are dependent on saliva flow rate and quality,patients with dry mouth may have problems with the stability or comfort of maxillarycomplete dentures.Dry mouth is a common feature in the elderly, but is not clear what proportion ofincidences is related to functional disturbances and whether age persue and Genderplay a role. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of age on unstimulated(Resting) whole and stimulated saliva flow rates. It was determined in 100unmedicated, healthy individuals wearing complete dentures. The subjects weredivided into two age groups: group A(< 70 years), group B(> 70 years). A significantdecrease in the secretion rates of unstimulated whole saliva in relation to age wasobserved in the study population (p< 0.001).Females had significantly lower mean flow rates than males for unstimulated(resting) whole saliva.
Temperature Effect on the Hardness of Different types of Resin Denture Base Materials
Authors: Rashid Dr. Amal Abdul-Latif
Published: August 2022

The cold cured acrylic resin is inferior to heat cured acrylic resin from stand pointof strength and degree of polymerization. Many attempts have been made to improvethese properties. Because heat affects maturity of the chemical reaction of acrylicresin therefore its maintenance during polymerization will affect the properties ofcured resin.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of increase curing temperatureon the hardness of two commercially available cold cured acrylic resin material(Holland and Germany type) in comparison to heat cure resin and to those(cold cure)curing by conventional methods in air at 23°C ± 5°C.Ninety specimens,10 specimens from heat cure resin curing by water bath(shortcycle) and eighty specimens from cold cured acrylic [forty from cold curedacrylic(Holland Type) and forty from cold cured acrylic(Germany type)] wereprepared , flasking and packing procedure were done according to manufacturerdirection and divided according to processing as follow:20 specimens(10 fromHolland type and 10 from Germany type) were processed in air for two hours at 23°C± 5°C under press (bench curing) as a control, and 60 specimens(30 from Hollandtype and 30 from Germany type) were processed by ivomat curing device containingwater under air pressure 30 Pascal for 15 minutes at different temperature: 40°C,60°C, and 80°C(10 specimens for each groups) .All specimens were tested forhardness test by shore D device (adigital model) for measuring the indentationhardness of the specimens the test load was set to 50 Newton for shore (( D ))which issuitable for acrylic resin material .Result showed that heat cure resin show the maximum value of hardness(88.8),followed by cold cured acrylic type Germany( polymerized by elevatedtemperature 80˚C) (88.696) followed by cold cured acrylic type Holland polymerizedat 60˚C(88.471). While control group type Germany (polymerized at air bench)recorded the minimum value of hardness (81.83). All groups that polymerized at hightemperature: 40°C, 60°C, and 80°C show the higher value of hardness in comparisonto those processed by conventional methods (at air bench at 23°C ± 5°C) withsignificant and highly significant differences. There were highly significantdifferences between heat cure acrylic and cold cure (both types) processed byconventional methods and with cold cure Holland type processed at 40˚C, but therewere no significant differences between heat cure acrylic and cold cure (both types)processed at high temperatures.
Efficacy of Diode Laser With Different Intensities as an Adjunct to Traditional Mechanical Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Badeia Dr. Raed Aziz , Rajab Dr. Muthenna Shaban , Hazeem Dr. Muhamed Ibrahem
Published: August 2022

The recent decades, considerable attention has focused on using of different typesof laser irradiation in treatment of periodontal diseases. The aim of the present studywas the assessment of efficacy of low-level and high-level diode laser treatment incombination with scaling and root planing (SRP) in patients with chronicperiodontitis. The total sample of the present study consisted of twelve patients hadmoderate to severe chronic periodontitis in at least (3) vital single-rooted teeth indifferent quadrants of each patient.These teeth of the twelve patients were allocated into three groups according to thetype of the received treatment (12 teeth from 12 patients for each group).1- Group A (GA) treated with scaling & root planing ( SRP).2- Group B (GB) (SRP + low-level laser).3- Group C (GC) (SRP + high-level laser).Clinical measurements were performed by a single well trained and calibratedexaminer, and they included, plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding onprobing (BOP), clinical attachment level (CAL) and probing pocket depth (PPD). Theresults of the present study were positive and predictable in both lasers irradiationmodes. The differences between the changes of the SRP group (GA), and two laserslow and high density lasers combined with SRP groups (GB & GC) at baseline werenot significant. All of the clinical parameters that were investigated in this study haveshowed a significant improvement at 6 months from the baseline for the three groupsof the study. These findings reported that low & high-level diode laser can have abeneficial effect in treatment of chronic periodontitis in combination with traditionalmechanical treatment
The effect of polypropylene fibers in different lengths on some properties of heat-cured acrylic resin processed by autoclave
Authors: Khalaf Dr. Husam Mejbel
Published: August 2022

Background: some properties of heat-cured acrylic resin are required to beimproved (like flexural strength, hardness and porosity) by adding different types offibers like polypropylene fiber, also needed to determine these properties withaddition of polypropylene fibers and curing the polymer by autoclave. The aim of thisstudy was to evaluate the effect of adding polypropylene fibers in two differentlengths (6mm, 12mm) and concentration 2%, and the effect of autoclave processingon some properties(flexural, surface hardness and porosity).Material and method: A total No. of 120 specimens were prepared in this studyand divided into two main groups according to length of fibers (6mm,12mm) , eachmain group was subdivided into two groups according to method of adding the fiber(directly to the powder or immersed in monomer). Each group of them contain 10specimens for each test.Result: in this study, the transverse strength and surface hardness of heat curedacrylic reinforced by randomly oriented polypropylene fibers (12mm, 2%) regardlessto application method with higher significance than other groups. Fiber reinforcementand autoclave processing showed non-significant effect on porosity of heat cureacrylic resin according to ANOVA t-test.Conclusion: Reinforcement by randomly oriented polypropylene fiber (12mm,2%) added with and without immersion in monomer better than other groupsaccording to transverse strength and surface hardness with autoclave processing butthere is no effect of added fibers on porosity test.
Dental Arch Dimension Changes Following Prematurely Extracted Deciduous Molars
Authors: AL-Dulayme Dr. Dunia Ahmad , AL-Khannaq Dr.Mohammed Rafid
Published: August 2022

The aim was to assess the vertical and horizontal dimensional changes in themaxillary and mandibular dental arches after the unilateral premature loss ofdeciduous molars. Methods: The sample consist of 100 child between 8-9 years of agewith unilateral loss of first or second deciduous molars, either in the maxillary ormandibular arches, Study casts were made and measurements conducted on the Autosketch program on the computer , The data obtained was subjected to statisticalanalysis. The Results of the study showed that when comparing the mean values ofthe loss groups with the control group a statistically significant difference in themaxillary (A) distance after the premature loss of first or second deciduous molars,however a high significant difference statistically in the (ML) distance recorded afterthe premature loss of maxillary second deciduous molar ,while in the mandibular archa statistically high significant difference observed in most of the vertical andhorizontal distances following premature loss of second deciduous molar.Conclusions: The major effect on the dental arch length and width following thepremature loss of the deciduous molars, indicating the need for fitting the spacemaintainers' appliances as soon as the extraction is the final decision to the dentist.
The Size and the Form of the Frontal Midsagittal Alveolar and Basal Bone of the Maxilla and the Mandible in Relation to the Over Bite.
Authors: Sadiq Suhad Muhammad Ali
Published: August 2022

In this study, the relationships between the over bite and the structure of the frontal alveolar and basal bone were investigated. The over bite, lower face height, and the anterior alveolar and basal midsagittal cross-sectional area from the maxilla and the mandible were assessed on lateral cephalograms from (88) un-treated subjects. The open bite group showed significantly larger maxillary and mandibular alveolar and basal cross sectional areas compared with the normal over bite group. It is concluded that open bite subject with long face have a larger mandibular and maxillary alveolar height, which is more associated with elongated and narrowed shape of the symphysis
An Analysis of Digital Panoramic Radiographs for the Shape Appearance and Position of Mental Foramen (A Comparative Study Betmeew Dentate and Edentulous Patients)
Authors: Fattah Assit prof. Dr. Ahlam A. , Lazem Dr. Aqeel Ibraheem
Published: August 2022

Digital panoramic radiographs were analyzed to study the shape, appearance, relative vertical and horizontal position of mental foramen in both dentate and edentulous patientsDigital panoramic radiographs were made to 144 patients, 76 dentate, (38 female and 38 male) and 68 edentulous, (30 female and 38 male). The age distribution of them was ranging between (24 – 73) years old. Mental foramen was unidentified on both sides ( right and left ) on 8 radiographs , so these 8 radiographs were excluded from the sample , which are consisting 5.5 % of the total sample . While mental foramen was unidentified on only one side ( either right or left ) of a radiograph , was included within the sample , which means that 136 radiographs (272 sides ) were included in this study 72 dentate (144 sides ) and 64 edentulous (128 sides ) radiographs . Chi – square test was used to compare the shape and the appearance of mental foramen between the two groups (dentate and edentulous), while Student t – test was used to compare the relative vertical and horizontal position of mental foramen between them.The comparison between dentate and edentulous groups showed no significant difference in the shape and appearance of mental foramen when Chi- square test was used. While the comparison using Student t- test showed a highly significant difference between the two groups in relative vertical position , and a significant difference in relative horizontal position of mental foramen .No significant difference was found in the shape and appearance of mental foramen on the digital panoramic radiograph, for both dentate and edentulous patients, while the vertical and horizontal positions of mental foramen were not constant between them.
Primary teeth emergence in relation to nutritional status among 4-48 months old children in Baghdad city
Authors: Gatta Dr. Enas A. , Al-Alousi Dr. Wael S. , Diab Dr. Ban S.
Published: August 2022

Nutritional status is one of the most important factor that affect the time of emergence of primary teeth. The aim of this research was to estimate emergence time of primary teeth among well- nourished Iraqi children from Baghdad city. The total sample composed of 2561children, aged 4-48 months, randomly selected from primary health care centers. Weight for age indicator was used for purpose of assessment of nutritional status. The prevalence of malnutrition described by weight for age indicator was found to be 8.4%. Among well nourished children at approximately (8 months +21 days) of age the first tooth emerges and the primary teeth are in full function at 27 months for both gender. Wile among underweight children the first tooth to be emerged at (10 months +21 days). Among well nourished children, the highest time span was found for second molar in maxilla and mandible while among underweighted children the highest time span was found for lateral incisor in maxilla and mandible. In conclusion eruption is a growth process and therefore have a relation with other process of the body especially height and weight
Assessments of the width of upper central incisor as an aid for selection of full denture teeth
Authors: Al-Nakkash Dr. Widad AM. , Abdul-Rahman Dr. Hanan Abdul-Rahman , Al-Ani Dr. Mayada Q.
Published: August 2022

This study was used to find out any correlation exists between the mesiodistal width of maxillary central incisor and the interpupillary distance also to find out if there is any relation between the sexual and racial differences in changing the measurement. The sample consisted of (108) students (53) male and (55) female, the width of 2 maxillary central incisors was measured by using a vamier caliper; the interpupillary distance was measured by using plastic ruler. The results of this study shows a relatively similar ratio between the mean interpupillary distance and the mean mesiodistal width of the central incisor for light colors male and female, dark colors women for both left and right sides. The interpupillary distance could be used reliably in selecting maxillary anterior teeth for prosthodontic
Post operative complications associated with non- surgical tooth extraction
Authors: Kareem Dr. Jabbar Jasim
Published: August 2022

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical pattern of post-extraction wound healing and determination the types, incidence, and pattern of healing complications following non-surgical tooth extraction.Materials and Methods: this study includes 156 patients, who were come for extractions of teeth. This study was carried out at specialized dental centre of AL-Thawra during the period from the beginning of May to the end of September 2007). For each patient collected information pre-operatively included age and gender of the patient, indications of extraction, and tooth/teeth removed. Extractions were performed under local anesthesia with dental forceps, elevators, or both. Patients were evaluated on the third and seventh postoperative days for alveolus healing assessmentResults: one hundred forty-one patients (141) with 159 extraction teeth were evaluated for alveolus healing. Uncomplicated healing was in 142 (89.3 %), while 17 alveoli (10.7 %) developed healing complications. These complications were: localized osteitis 13 (8.2 %); acutely infected alveolus 3 (1.9 %); and an acutely inflamed alveolus1 (0.6%). Females developed more complications than males (p=0.003). Most complications were found in molars (82.5 %) and premolars (17.5 %). Localized osteitis caused severe pain in all cases, while infected and inflamed alveolus caused mild or no pain.Conclusions: Most of the post-extraction alveoli healed uneventfully. Apart from alveolar osteitis (AO), post-extraction alveolus healing was also complicated by acutely infected alveoli and acutely inflamed alveoli. This study also demonstrated a painful alveolus is not necessarily a disturbance of post-extraction site wound healing; a thorough clinical examination must, therefore, be made to exclude any of the complications.
A Longitudinal investigation of the Periodontal changes in adult and adolescent orthodontic patients using bands or bonds on molars
Authors: Sadiq Dr. Suhad M. A. , Badea Dr. Raed A.
Published: August 2022

The present study was carried out to evaluate the differences in periodontal response to orthodontic treatment between banded and bonded molar teeth as well as the differences between adults and adolescents.The samples of the study consisted of 50 patients (16 adults and 34 adolescents) who were received full arch orthodontic appliances with banded or bonded molars. Clinical parameters included plaque and gingival indices as well as probing pocket depth were scored at [pretreatment and at 3, 6, 9, 12 months (during treatment) and at the end of the treatment]. The results demonstrated that during and at the end of the treatment, all the parameters were significantly higher for band molars than for analogous bonded molars. Also, the adolescents showed significantly higher levels of all clinical measurements than adults.
Soft Tissue Profile Analysis for Iraqi Patients with β- Thalassemia Major
Authors: AL-Ani Dr. Reem Ata
Published: August 2022

The facial appearance of patients with β-thalassemia major is readily recognizableso that soft tissue profile analysis is presented in this study.The aim of the study is concerned about the analysis of soft tissue profilemorphology in a group of patients having β-thalassemia major and to record thepossible differences between both thalassemic genders and to investigate thedifferences in the soft tissue morphology between thalassemic patients and nonthalassemic normal subjectsThe material of this study consisted from lateral cephalometric radiographs for(40) thalassemic patients aged 15-17 years and (40) cephalometric radiographs fornon thalassemic normal subjects were obtained for analyzing soft tissue profilemorphologyThe results showed that there were no significant differences between thalassemicmales and females but the soft tissue profile morphology for thalassemic patientsmostly different from normal subjects which characterized by convex profile.Thalassemic patients have a soft tissue profile morphology mostly different fromnormal's that characterized by smaller nasal dimensions, short and everted upper lipand thicker lower lip which giving them the appearance of convex profile.
The antibacterial activity of certain disinfectant solutions incorporated into stone mixture
Authors: Hussein Dr. Basima Mohammed Ali
Published: August 2022

Cross infection control is a way of life and it was realized that a radical changes inthe way of work in the dental clinic and laboratories would detect considerable revisesof traditional working patterns. Disinfection of dental stone cast by incorporation ofChlorhexidine gluconate CHX, Sodium hypochlorite and Madacide 11 separately in aconcentration of (0.5 , 0.5 , full strength) respectively according to the manufacturerinstructions and testing their activity against S.aureus,  -haemolytic streptococcuspneumonia, pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. coli was performed. 5 trials were donefor each disinfectant solution and control (distilled water).The result showed that all the disinfectant solutions showed significant reductionof microbial growth in comparison with the control. Sodium hypochlorite sterilizedental stone cast followed by CHX.Sodium hypochlorite gave negative result for allthe tested microorganisms in all the trials followed by chlorhoxidine gluconatesolutions .Disinfection of stone cast is among recommended methods in infectioncontrol.Sodium hypochlorite was the best among the tested disinfected solutions.
Localized Reactive Hyperplastic Lesions of the gingiva:A clinico-pathological study of 636 lesions from Iraq
Authors: Al-Rawi Dr. Natheer H.
Published: August 2022

This study was conducted to establish the prevalence of different reactive hyperplastic lesions of the gingiva in a university-based dental school biopsy service.Biopsy records over a 12-years period (1982-1994) were retrieved from the files of the department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad. The lesions were reclassified into: Fibrous lesions (like Focal Fibrous Hyperplasia FFH and Ossifying Fibrous Epulis OFE); vascular lesions (like Pyogenic granuloma) and Giant cell lesions (like Peripheral giant cell granuloma PGCG). The available clinical data regarding age, gender and location were obtained for each case.The majority of lesions were pyogenic granuloma which constituted 49.2% with female predilection. Peoples in the first and second decade of life were more prone to develop gingival lesions especially in upper anterior region.This study indicates some differences in age and gender distribution as well as in location between the different lesions.
Influence of Heating Rates and Residual Monomer on Dimensional Changes of Acrylic Resin Denture Base
Authors: Al-Taie Dr.Ghassan A.
Published: August 2022

Background: Most of spaces between the denture base and master cast produced by shrinkage of the base material during polymerization and by the difference in coefficient of thermal expansion of the cast and acrylic resin. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the different heating rates and the presence of residual monomer on the accuracy different curing denture base by recording the gap space between the cast and the dentureMaterials and methods: 18 maxillary edentulous stone cast were prepared then divided into three main groups, denture bases were constructed. In Group A, using Biostar plates (free of monomer) in the pressure champers. In group B, using short curing cycle while group C, using long curing cycle . The gap space between the cast and denture base was recorded using traveling microscope measuring device.Results: Biostar curing resin (group A) showed significantly the highest dimensional changes among groups (short and long curing resins). There was no significant difference between group B ( short curing resin) and group C (long curing resin). The lowest gap space values were obtained in long curing resin. All samples showed maximum discrepancy in mid palatal reign and minimum dimensional changes at the crest of ridge. Minimum gap space values were shown in the canine reign for record bases cured with short and long curing cycles, while minimum gap space values were shown in the posterior palatal seal for record base cured with Biostar machine.Conclusion: The dimensional changes of record bases mainly depend on the amount of heat applied during processing rather than the amount of residual monomer. Greater distortion was shown in record base processed by Biostar machine (Free of monomer), while the least distortion in record base processed by long curing cycle. All samples showed maximum discrepancy in the mid palatal region and minimum dimensional changes at the crest of ridge.
A Comparison between primary and secondary wound closure after surgical removal of lower third molars according to pain and swelling
Authors: Kareem Dr. Jabber Jasim
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study was to compare between Primary and secondary closure techniques after removal of impacted third molars. This comparison was carried out according to the pain and swelling parameter. One hundred patients with impacted third molars were randomly divided into two groups (50 patients in each group). Periapical radiographs were taken for each patient to determine the degree of eruption and angulations of third molars. After surgical extraction in Group I, the socket was closed by hermetical suturing of the flap while in Group II; a 5–6 mm wedge of mucosa adjacent to the second molar was removed to obtain secondary healing. Swelling and pain were evaluated for 7 days after surgery with the VAS scale. The statistical analysis (analysis of variance for repeated measures, P < 0.05) showed that pain was greater in GI, although it decreased over time similarly in the two groups (P=0.003, F=2.6613). Swelling was significantly worse in Group I (P < 0.0001, F=38.395). In Group I, dehiscence of the mucosa was present in 15% of patients at day 7, and 1% showed signs of re-infection with suppurative alveolitis at 30 days. Pain and swelling were less severe with secondary healing than with primary healing.
Clinical and radiographic evaluation of implant in Iraq (A retrospective study)
Authors: Jawad Dr. Kadhim Jawad , Auwaid Dr. Hussain Auwaid , Kareem Dr. Jabbar J.
Published: August 2022

Although favorable long-term results of implant therapy have been reported, complications as infections of peri-implant mucosa (Peri-implant mucositis) and deeper implant supporting tissues (Peri-implantitis) had been repeatedly reported. Studies regarding prevalence of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis in our community are very rare because of the recent introduction of this new area of dental treatment to our country. So the aim of this study is to take an idea about the real state of implant dentistry in our community and to enrich the very poor base line data that available on this dental practice in Iraq. Sample of this research composed of 24 patients (13 Females &11 Males). Their age range was (20-60 years). All of them had worn more than two implants for at least two years. Results of this research revealed that percentage of females’ worn implants (54.17%) was greater than males (45.83%). Greater percentage of patients had worn implant for two years (45.83%) in comparison with other durations. Radiographic results revealed that there is no bone loss in most cases (66.67%) and in the remaining percentage horizontal bone loss(20.83%) was greater than vertical(12.5%). Clinical examination showed non significant differences between females and males for both Plaque Index (PLI) & Bleeding On Probing (BOP) scores.
A mucosal Flap for Periapical Surgery
Authors: Omar Dr. Lukman Fawzi
Published: August 2022

The function of flap is to raise the soft tissue overlying the surgical site to give the best possible view to the operator and sufficient exposure of the area to be operated on with minimal postoperative complications.The objective of this study is to evaluate a new flap design for exposure of periapical lesion, also to compare it with other common flaps used in periapical surgery.The study include 107 young patients apicectomized for one, two, or three anterior teeth from January2007 to June 2008, age ranged between 18-30 years old, using special case sheet.The flap has given good access to one, two or three apices apicectomized with less postoperative complications including pain, swelling, parasthesia of lip and wound healing.The flap described is an alternative approach to reach the periapical area that may be used to overcome the disadvantages of other flap designs used in periapical surgery.
Assessment of Pizotifen efficacy in the management of recurrent aphthus stomatitis - A double blind trial -
Authors: Alsoudani Dr. Kadhim Alsoudani , Alkaisi Dr. Riyadh O. , Alkaisi Dr. Fakhri A.
Published: August 2022

Recurrent aphthus ulceration (RAU) is one of the most common and troublesome oral lesions, as they are extremely painful and recurrent, no single preparation is uniformly effective in the treatment of this condition.A double blind cross-over trial assessed the value of pizotifen in reducing the severity of pain, duration and frequency of ulcers in a group of recurrent aphthus ulcer patients. Active & placebo preparation were used for a period of 4 weeks each; 42 patients completed the use of both preparations.20 patients out of 28 patients on pizotifen therapy experienced a decrease in the severity of pain as well as decrease in the duration of each attack, where as 18 patients in the same group reported reduction in the frequency of the disease.Pizotifen reduced pain severity, duration and frequency of oral ulcerations in the examined group
The Influence of Unerupted Lower Third Molars on the Occurrence of Mandibular Condylar Fractures
Authors: Hasssouni Dr. Mohammed Khalil , Hamad Dr. Shehab Ahmed
Published: August 2022

Background and Aims: Condylar region of the mandible is the most vulnerable siteto fracture due to its anatomical weakness. It has been noted that mandibular thirdmolars may reduce the occurrence of condylar fractures. This study wasconducted to verify this hypothesis.Materials and methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 398 patients, olderthan 18 years, with 464 mandibular fractures. The panoramic radiographs of 182patients with condylar fractures were examined for the presence of uneruptedmandibular third molars.Results: Condylar fracture was two times greater in those with missing or completelyerupted mandibular third molars as compared to those with unerupted ones(p<0.001). Displaced and dislocated condylar fractures were significantly less inthose with unerupted third molar , as compared to those without uneruptedones(p<0.001). Presence of unerupted lower third molar significantly reduce thedegree of displacement or dislocation of condylar fractures (p<0.001).Uneruptedmandibular third molar position also influence the occurrence of condylar fracture.Most fractures occurred in Class I, Class A and mesioangular impactions.Conclusion: unerupted mandibular third molars significantly reduced the occurrenceof condylar fractures.
Association between periodontitis and the main components of metabolic syndrome
Authors: Abbas Dr. Dalia Kudier , Issa Dr. Abdulkareem H.
Published: August 2022

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing worldwide, and itappears to increase independently the risk of cardiovascular disease. Periodontitis hasbeen shown to have an association with the risk of cardiovascular disease.The aim of the present study is to investigate the association between periodontalstatus and the main components of metabolic syndrome, singly, and in combination intype 2 diabetic patients.One hundred and seventy five patients (96 males and 79 females) with type 2diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were enrolled in the study. The following clinicalcharacteristics were reported: age and gender, body mass index (BMI) and bloodpressure. Periodontal status was assessed using periodontal disease index whichincludes plaque, calculus, and periodontal component of the index. An assessment ofserum lipid analytes included estimation of serum triglycerides (TG) and serum highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C).There was a significant difference in mean value of periodontal disease index(PDI) between normotensive and hypertensive diabetic patients (3.31±0.83 vs.3.82±0.65, P<0.001). Also there was a significant difference in PDI between normaland high TG groups (3.49±0.73 vs. 3.81±0.61, P<0.01). There was a significantincrease in TG level in hypertensive compared to normotensive diabetic patients(P<0.01). Only in presence of hypertension and obesity in addition to diabetes thatPDI was significantly increased in comparison with diabetic hypertensive non obesepatients (4.1±0.58 vs. 3.62±0.64, P<0.001). There were no significant differences inTG level between obese and non obese diabetic patients while there was a significantincrease in TG level in patients who were hypertensive obese compared tonormotensive non obese (174.64 ±61.39 vs. 150.80±54.96 respectively, P<0.05).Presence of two or more characteristics of MetS has resulted in a significant increaseof PDI when compared with patients who had only diabetes (P<0.001).In conclusion, hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia as main components ofMetS are singly associated with periodontitis in T2DM and the presence of any twostudied components of MetS in addition to diabetes will attain the worst deteriorationin periodontal status.
Hyalinization of dental pulp tissue due to occlusal trauma (Experimental study
Authors: Al-Hijazi Dr. Athraa Y. , Fadhil Dr. Inas Fadhil
Published: August 2022

Dental pulp tissue is a highly specialized conneclive tissue contains a formativeand protective cells that can be affected easily by stimuli such as occlusal traumasubjected by occlusal overhang filling.Sixteen albino rats aged range (6-8 months) weight range (0.5-0.75 kg) weresubjected the occlusal overhang filling made for upper first molar for 2 periods, andaccording the periods, rats divided in the 2 groups. Groups I (8rats) subjected forocclusal trauma for 2 weeks duration group II (8rats) subjected for occlusal trauma for8 weeks duration. Histological evaluation have been done for 2.8 weeks usinghematoxyline and eosin stain.Occlusal trauma for 2 weeks in group I showed wide irregular predentin formationwill displacement in odontoblast cell.While in group II for 8 weeks duration, histological feature for pulp tissue showedhyalinization (50-95 μm) in length.Occlusal trauma for long period cause hyalinization of pulp tissue that negativelyinfluence on endodontic treatment in future.
The effect of drinking yogurt on the microhardness of posterior composites resin
Authors: Mohmmed Dr. Saif Alarab A.
Published: August 2022

Background :This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of yogurt on thesurface microhardness of two types of composite resins; (Filtek™ P90 Low ShrinkPosterior Restorative, 3M ESPE,USA), and (Filtek™ Z350 Posterior Restorative, 3MESPE,USA).Forty samples of composite were prepared by using cylindrical mold (2mm inhight and 8mm in diameter )..All specimens were stored in plastic container thatcontain distilled water and incubated 37cº for 24 hours before they were tested. twentysamples of each type of composite were divided into two groups (10) for each ,baseline measurements for surface microhardness test was taken for all compositesamples using the micromet microhardness tester (Vichers hardness tester) with al00g load was applied for 15 seconds in which three indentations were made for eachsample and converted into Vickers Hardness Number (VHN ) .After baselinemeasurement 10 samples of each type of composite were alternately immersedmanually by holding the specimen by a pair of tweezers from its sides, , in drinkingyogurt (Activia ,KSA) and artificial saliva for 10 cycles 5 seconds each at roomtemperature (25cº). This was repeated three times a day (8am,4pm,12am) at 8hoursintervals for one week. the other 10 samples for each type of composite wereimmersed in artificial saliva only. The total soaking time in both drinking yogurt andsaliva was 100 seconds. After the soaking sequence was completed the specimen wasrinsed with distilled water and subjected to surface microhardness test (Vichershardness tester).Descriptive statistics(mean values and standard deviations with the minimum andmaximum values and Statistical analysis of data by using student t - test for all groupswas carried out between the means of each type of composites ,the results showed asignificant reduction in VHN values (at P<0.05)of Filtek™ Z350 PosteriorRestorative composites after immersion in artificial saliva, while the (Filtek™ Z350Posterior Restorative, 3M ESPE) composite showed a highly significant reduction inVHN values (at P<0.01)after immersion in drinking yogurt. Filtek™ P90 Low ShrinkPosterior Restorative composites showed a non significant reduction in VHN values(at P>0.05) after immersion in artificial saliva and after immersion in drinking yogurt.Filtek™ P90 Low Shrink Posterior Restorative composites have highest VHNvalue than Filtek™ Z350 Posterior Restorative composites, and surface microhardnessresults showed that drinking yogurt highly significantly effect on the Filtek™ Z350Posterior Restorative composites while it has non significant effect on the Filtek™P90 Low Shrink Posterior Restorative composite
The Effect of Chemomechanical Caries Removal and Different Bonding Systems on Shear Bond Strength of Carious Dentin (In Vitro Study)
Authors: Mohammed Dr. Twana Ihssan , Salih Dr. Shatha Abdullah
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine whether shear bond strength(SBS) to chemomechanically excavated dentine by Carisolv (CS) differed from theSBS after conventional caries removal by bur (CB), with the use of the followingadhesive systems: [Total-etch (TE), etch and Compobond1, etch, prime and bondingresin]; [Self-etch (SE), Xeno v, one component self-etching dental adhesive] and [Noetch(NE), Compobond1, prime& bond only]. Fifty human molars with occlusal carieswere used to prepare dentin samples which were assigned to 5 groups: group I and IIIthe prepared samples treated by CB and CS respectively then with TE, group II andIV the prepared samples treated by CB and CS respectively then with SE, while ingroup V the prepared samples treated by CS and then with NE. For each sample therewas light cured composite core build up. After water storage, the samples were testedin a single-plane shear test assembly. The results demonstrated that there werestatistical significant differences with in the mode of caries removal groups and alsothere were statistical significant differences between the bonding systems which affectSBS of carious dentin at p < 0.01, with in favor of the TE over SE. The present datademonstrate that with the use of CS on (carious dentin, there was either increase ordecrease in bond strength in relation with different bonding systems.
Factors associated with pericoronitis among subjects with impacted third molars teeth
Authors: AL-Hamdani Dr. Sundus Anwer M. , Al-Sened Dr. Maha M. , Hussein Dr. Khawlah Tarteeb , Al-Naaimi Dr. Ahmed Samir
Published: August 2022

The removal of impacted third molars is one of the most common procedures inoral surgery. This is because third molars show high incidence of impaction and areoften associated with pain due to pericoronitis.Assess the reasons for extraction and describe the type of tooth angulations andstate of eruption. Determine the association of selected factors with pericoronitis as areason for extraction.A total of 256 patients having symptomatic third molars and referred to the oralsurgery department for consultation, diagnosis and treatment of partially orcompletely impacted third molars in the mandible and maxilla were included in thesample. All these teeth were surgically treated.the most common cause of surgical extraction of third molars was pericoronitis(86.7%). The condition occurs mostly in mandible and in the 25-29 years age group.Horizontal/transverse third molars were more affected by pericoronitis (96.9%)followed by vertical angulations (91.6%). Pericoronitis encountered more frequentlywith complete soft tissue impaction (93.3%).pericoronitis was the most common cause of third molar extraction. Factorsassociated with increased risk of having pericoronitis include: age group 25-29 years,mandible location, Horizontal / transverse angulation type and complete soft tissueimpactions.