bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of the Random Walk Hypothesis based on Stock Prices, Dividends, and Earnings
Authors: Kavalerchik Risa Leigh
Published: September 2014

This paper explores the stationarity of price movements, dividend yields, and earnings yields for stock market indices and individual stocks within the broader context of the random walk hypothesis. In general, in order for a stock’s price to follow a random walk, its future price must be unforecastable based on all currently available information in the stock market, including its price history. If a stock price is stationary in a given time period, its statistical process does not change over time, meaning that the series has a deterministic trend, which could even be flat. This investigation tests for stationarity in the time series of prices and dividend yields of the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), the S&P 500 Index, and their underlying component stocks based on the results of univariate and panel unit root tests. I also test for the stationarity of earnings yields for the components of the DJIA. I find that prices of the DJIA and its underlying components behave in a more stationary manner than do the prices of the S&P 500 and its underlying components. Dividend yields behave in an equally non-stationary fashion for the underlying components of both the DJIA and S&P 500. Interestingly, earnings yields for the DJIA prove to exhibit more stationarity than the dividend yields for the DJIA and S&P 500, suggesting that earnings data have some predictability for stock prices.
Travel, Art and Changing Goals of the Grand Tour: The British in Eighteenth Century Venice
Authors: Manire Jessica B
Published: September 2014

Northern European tourists, mostly British, began traveling to Venice in large numbers during the 18th century as a stop on the Grand Tour. The Grand Tour, a tour through Europe’s main continental cities, was meant to complete the education of a gentleman through exposure to ancient culture, art and politics. Through a close, chronological analysis of travel guides and diaries spanning from the late 17th century to the early 19th century by British travelers who visited Venice, it becomes clear that what constituted a completed education changed. Earlier texts focus mainly on attractions in Venice that have associations with the classics. Throughout the eighteenth century, the focus of the Grand Tourists’ education became more on the modern and was increasingly on the subject of art and architecture. The places and works of art visited and seen do not change so much as the way in which the authors analyze them. The Grand Tour had sparked the commoditization of art, an interest in art history and rise of connoisseurship earlier in the century, and by the later half of the 18th century a heightened interest and familiarity with art and architecture is evident.
Omega-3 Fatty Acid Deficiencies: How Our Modern Diet Has Made Us Unhappy
Authors: Long Rebecca Glynne
Published: September 2014

Depression is an extremely costly and debilitation condition. Researchers have failed to find a single causal mechanism, concluding that several genetic and environmental factors contribute to the etiology of depression. However, researchers cannot ignore the drastic dietary changes that have occurred since the onset of industrialization. Deficiencies in certain critical nutrients may put individuals at risk for depression. Research in recent years has turned to deficiencies in omega-3 fatty acids to help explain increased rates of depression over the course of the 20th century. This paper first explains how the industrialization of agricultural production has served to significantly alter our intake of omega-3 fatty acids. Next, this paper examines a suggested causal mechanism linking omega-3 fatty acids deficiencies to depression: omega-3 fatty acids deficiencies contribute to a heightened inflammatory response resulting from prolonged activation of the immune system. Inflammation in turn produces sickness behaviors that mirror depressive symptoms. Lastly, this paper will focus on a brief review of the literature studying the effects of omega-3 fatty acids deficiencies in depressed individuals. Research investigating the role of omega-3 fatty acid deficiencies in depressed patients has the potential to lead to the development of more efficacious treatment and prevention options.
Siblings and Illness
Authors: Vanderwerp Leah Sawyer
Published: September 2014

Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth-Mother and Child samples, I investigated the relationships among child and adolescent depressive symptoms, having a chronically ill sibling, and other child and familial demographic variables. From research on social support and social role transitions, with the Stress Process as a theoretical model, I hypothesized that children with chronically ill siblings experience more depressive symptoms. Specifically, I looked at age, gender, birth order and family size as potentially reducing the effect size of having a chronically ill sibling. Findings showed that having a chronically ill sibling is associated with demonstrating more depressive symptoms both in the bivariate and multivariate analyses. Although age, gender, birth order and family size do not interact significantly with having a chronically ill sibling in predicting depressive symptoms, they do present interesting findings about childhood depressive symptoms in general. Thus, the results of this study suggest specific and meaningful paths for future research.
Comparing the Impact of Religious Discourse on HIV/AIDS in Islam and Christianity in Africa
Authors: Speakman Sloane
Published: September 2014

In examining the strikingly high prevalence rates of HIV in many parts of Africa, reaching as high as 5% in some areas, how does the discourse promoted by the predominant religions across the continent, Islam and Christianity, affect the outlook of their followers on the epidemic? This question becomes even more intriguing after discovering the dramatic difference in rate of HIV prevalence between Muslims and Christians in Africa, confirmed by studies that have found a negative relationship to exist between HIV prevalence and being Muslim in Africa, even in Sub-Saharan African nations. Why does this gap in prevalence rates exist? Does Islam advocate participating in less risky behavior more so than Christianity? By comparing the social construction, epidemiological understanding and public responses among Muslim populations in Africa with Christian ones, it becomes apparent that many similarities exist between the two regarding discourse and that, rather than religious discourse itself, other social factors, such as circumcision practices, contribute more to the disparity in HIV prevalence than originally thought.
Mama/Reciprocal Energy: Reciprocity as an Agent of Identity Formation in the Works of Maria Magdalena Campos-Pons
Authors: Weinhuff Christi L.
Published: September 2014

Since immigrating to the United States in the early 1990s, Maria Magdalena Campos-Pons has garnered praise as one of the most important artists to emerge from post-revolutionary Cuba. Campos-Pons’ oeuvre bears witness to issues central to the experience of diaspora populations. On view for the first time, the exhibit “Maria Magdalena Campos-Pons: MAMA/RECIPROCAL ENERGY” at the Vanderbilt Fine Arts Gallery (October 12 – December 8, 2011) presents new works by Campos-Pons that attest to the ability of fragmented and seemingly dislocated elements of the artists’ lived experiences to coalesce into a multifaceted identity. The dynamic quest for selfhood demonstrated by the works rejects absolutes; rather, it fosters an interconnected network where issues such as gender, exile, dislocation, race, religion, and cultural memory play out in a reciprocal manner. This paper first establishes Campos-Pons’ early conceptual basis as an artist. What follows is an extensive exploration of the exhibit argued through a thematic dynamic that highlights the relationship of themes among and between the works. Finally, it suggests that while Campos-Pons’ conceptual basis retains its earliest formative notions, the shifting narrative that emerges from the exhibit and corresponding stylistic changes confirm the inclusion of the artists’ entire lived experiences in her artistic search for identity.
The Children’s Crusade: Creating the Student Voting Bloc Through McCarthy’s 1968 Campaign
Authors: Byrd Ashley
Published: September 2014

The paper seeks to document the role of student campaigners in Eugene McCarthy's 1968 presidential campaign through the use of newspaper coverage and memoirs. In so doing it seeks to develop a moment in which the student voting bloc became a powerful force in American politics.
Age-related Differences in Emotion Recognition Ability: Visual and Auditory Modalities
Authors: Mannava Sishir
Published: September 2014

Emotion recognition is an important aspect of social interaction. Deficits in emotion recognition have been tied to poor social competence, interpersonal functioning, and communication along with a reduced quality of life and inappropriate social behavior. Recent experimental evidence suggests that emotion recognition ability across modalities seems to change in an age-dependent way, with deficits specifically noted for negative emotion recognition. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study is to assess emotion recognition ability in both the visual and auditory modalities in healthy elderly patients versus healthy young patients to test the hypothesis that deficits in emotion recognition ability are age-related and increase with age across visual and auditory modalities. The secondary purpose of this study is to assess valence-specific emotion recognition ability to test the hypothesis that increased deficits for elderly individuals as compared to young healthy subjects occur for negative emotion recognition specifically. We examined the ability to recognize emotion in the auditory and visual modality in two groups of patients: healthy elderly subjects and healthy young subjects. The Montreal Affective Voices task (MAV), the Distorted Tunes task (DTT), the Awareness of Social Inference test (TASIT), and the Baron-Cohen Mind in the Eyes Test (EYES) were used to gauge emotion recognition ability. For the visual tasks (TASIT and EYES), the elderly subjects and young subjects did not have significant differences in performance. In addition, a significant difference was also not found for the DTT, indicating that both populations had intact lower-level auditory processing abilities. Significant differences were found between the two populations on the MAV task in both baseline accuracy and valence-specific performance. These findings suggest that age-related deficits in emotion recognition may be specific to the recognition of auditory emotion.
From the Editor
Authors: Xu Tim
Published: September 2014

Welcome to the eighth volume of VURJ, a showcase of some of the best undergraduate research conducted at Vanderbilt University. Since 2005, VURJ has featured over 100 articles in the sciences, humanities, social sciences.

This year, we received 57 submissions originating from all four undergraduate schools at Vanderbilt for an overall acceptance rate of 30%. Manuscripts were read by two to three trained peer reviewers, ranked numerically, and selected for publication by our team of associate editors. Articles in the 2012 volume explore topics ranging from the use of rhythm in Brahms' music to hidden messages in Alexandrian tombs and the future of limb regeneration.

I am pleased to announce this year that VURJ will soon be indexed with EBSCO Publishing, a testament to our excellence as a premier forum for academic discourse. I encourage you to contribute your own ideas to the upcoming 2013 volume and consider joining our editorial staff in Fall 2012.

We bid you happy reading!

Tim Xu

Editor, 2011-2012
Opening a Political Opportunity for Women in China
Authors: Salgado Marco Jose
Published: September 2014

Currently, feminist activists in China face significant political and cultural barriers to achieving gender equality. These activists require that a political opportunity develop allowing them fundamentally alter the barriers impeding their progress. In this essay, I examine the works of several prominent feminist theorists to cultivate a solution for this problem and apply these findings to the current political and social contexts of China. I propose that a unification of global feminism, transnational feminism, and local feminism is a necessity to properly develop the political opportunity window in China. Transnational feminism must act as a bridge between the isolated local feminists within the country and the academic-based constituency of global feminism. Transnational activists have to integrate the teachings of global feminists theorists into their efforts to aid the Chinese feminists. This methodological framework unites global feminists theories, intersectional analysis, human rights framing, and mobilizing structures to bolster the influence of women’s activists in China, despite oppressive conditions. Finally, I examine several alternative theoretical perspectives and explain why each was not utilized or is not applicable to this situation.
The “Nightmare of History” in James Joyce’s Ulysses
Authors: Record Jehl Roby Evan
Published: September 2014

The majority of readers of James Joyce’s Ulysses tend to associate its most famous line, “History is a nightmare from which I am trying to awake,” with Stephen Dedalus’s intention in The Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man to overcome his past of rigid national and religious tradition. While this meaning is immediately present in the quote, a closer reading of the text suggests a far more ambitious–and perhaps even vain–impetus behind the identification of history as a nightmare. Additionally, just as the most popular reading has an autobiographical dimension–in which Joyce himself seeks to transcend his own tutelage–so does the alternate reading I present in this essay have implications for both Dedalus and Joyce.
The Flight of the Nightingale: From Romans to Romantics
Authors: Milewski Kevin Patrick
Published: September 2014

This paper evaluates the resilience of the myth of Philomela and the symbol of the nightingale in poetic tradition from Ovid’s Metamorphoses to the early Romantic poetry of Keats, Wordsworth, and Coleridge. Poets have long depended upon natural life to demonstrate characteristics of human emotion and activity, for animal species remain similar generation by generation, but simultaneously act autonomously. The myth of Philomela’s metamorphosis into a nightingale draws upon the natural characteristics of the bird, and to reference it implies very specific connotations. By explicating the primary source poetry, I draw immediate connections between references to the myth while in order to highlight the prevailing variations in metonymic function. Using critical commentary of classical scholars of Ovid and poetic scholars of the Romantics, I utilize the shift of the nightingale from Ovid’s bird of repressed grief to the Romantic’s one of natural joy. With the shift, I seek to extrapolate two understandings from the nightingale’s mythological symbolism. Why use the nightingale as a symbol, and what can differences in the perception of the nightingale from the Romans to the Romantics tell us about their respective views of nature? Incorporating the conversation of gender differences and rape, I acknowledge the male dominance of the myth as well the symbolism of song and speech in conveying message, stemming from Philomela’s loss of her tongue. Bridging the gap between the Greek myth, the Roman story, and the Romantic reinterpretation, the common metaphor of the nightingale is a common ground for reading the natural perception of nature through poetry.
Characterizing Acquired Resistance to TKIs in EGFR Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines
Authors: Sun Jing
Published: September 2014

Traditional treatments for non-small cell lung adenocarcinomas do produce impressive improvements in patient health. Newly developed biologically based treatments exploit the drug-sensitivity conferred by mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In adenocarcinomas, cell proliferation and survival depend on mutant EGFR activity. For patients with certain EGFR mutations, treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) rather than chemotherapy improves patient survival. However, almost every patient acquires resistance to TKI treatment. About 50% of acquired resistance is because of a secondary mutation in EGFR. MET gene amplification, which allows cells to use MET to activate downstream signals, is another established mechanism. A third known mechanism is epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT).

About 30% of all resistance mechanisms still remain unknown. This semester, the HCC2279 EGFR-mutant human adenocarcinoma line was characterized in hopes of discovering new models of resistance. Growth inhibition assays and immunoblotting were used to analyze the effects of treatments and to examine the status of signaling molecules. The HCC2279 resistant line appeared to have an EGFR-independent mechanism and did not seem to use MET as a major mechanism of resistance. The resistant cells continued to grow in the presence of TKI and TKI plus MET inhibitor, and immunoblotting showed that TKIs were capable of completely inhibiting the activation and phosphorylation of EGFR and MET. Signs of EMT were detected via immunoblotting due to a loss of E-cadherin and gain of vimentin, and EMT was corroborated by histological changes such as a loss in resistant cell polarity.
Isolated and combined prevalence of anemia, vitamin A deficiency and zinc deficiency in preschool children 12-72 months for the government of Paraíba
Authors: Pedraza Dixis Figueroa , Sales Márcia Cristina
Published: September 2014

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the isolated and combined prevalence of anemia, vitamin A deficiency and zinc deficiency in pre-school children, as well as the distribution of isolated deficiencies according to gender, age and prior supplementation with vitamin A. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with pre-school children in the state of Paraíba, Brazil. Analysis of the average concentrations of hemoglobin, serum retinol and serum zinc, according to gender, age and previous vitamin A supplementation of children were carried out as well as the risk of simultaneous occurrence of micronutrient deficiencies in the presence of these deficiencies. RESULTS: The prevalence of anemia, vitamin A deficiency and zinc deficiency were 15.4%, 23.3% and 13.8%, respectively. The anemia was significantly associated with age (p<0.01). Children previously supplemented by vitamin A had higher serum retinol concentrations than children without supplements, an effect that was not observed for concentrations of hemoglobin or serum zinc. The prevalence of anemia associated with vitamin A deficiency was 5.8%, with the chance of vitamin A deficiency and anemia coexist 2.21 times (95%CI=1.03-4.84) higher in the case of vitamin A deficiency or anemia rather than in the absence of these conditions. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies which are important in child growth, as well as the coexistence of nutritional deficiencies, point out the need to strengthen nutrition intervention strategies that consider this issue.
Folate inadequacy in the diet of pregnant women
Authors: Crivellenti Lívia de Castro , Barbieri Patrícia , Sartorelli Daniela Saes
Published: September 2014

OBJECTIVE: To estimate food and dietary folate inadequacies in the diets of adult pregnant women. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted with 103 healthy pregnant adult users of the Public Health Care System of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. The present study included the 82 women with complete food intake data during pregnancy, which were collected by three 24-hour dietary recalls. Food folate (folate naturally present in foods) and dietary folate (food folate plus folate from fortified wheat flour and cornmeal) inadequacies were determined, using the Estimated Average Requirement as cutoff. RESULTS: The diets of 100% and 94% of the pregnant women were inadequate in food folate and dietary folate, respectively. However, fortified foods increased the medium availability of the nutrient by 87%. CONCLUSION: The large number of pregnant women consuming low-folate diets was alarming. Nationwide population studies are needed to confirm the hypothesized high prevalence of low-folate diets among pregnant women.
Ganho de força e função em idosos por treino isométrico com e sem resposta visual
Authors: Arruda Mauricio Ferraz de , Bazaglia Jéssica Aparecida , Saravalli Gabriela , Cassettari Lucas Langoni , Souza Helena Ribeiro
Published: September 2014

INTRODUÇÃO: A remediação das alterações fisiológicas que sofrem os idosos é um problema com o qual a saúde pública se defronta com frequência. A premência deste trabalho está em minimizar essa remediação e as alterações que ela propicia no âmbito músculo-esquelético, por meio de um trabalho físico condicionante, que busca aumentar a qualidade de vida dessa população.OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito do treinamento físico sob duas ópticas de comando terapêutico, com e sem resposta visual por unidade de pressão, bem como seus possíveis benefícios quanto ao ganho de torque muscular, inerente à funcionalidade citada no questionário de qualidade de vida SF-36, avaliando assim a influência do treinamento físico.MÉTODOS: A avaliação foi realizada por meio de um questionário de qualidade de vida SF-36 e do teste de levantar e sentar, além da aferição da força por meio do esfigmomanômetro modificado (EM). O individuo foi submetido a duas sessões semanais de exercícios durante um mês, com o protocolo de treinamento que constou de três séries de 10 repetições na cadeira flexora e extensora para ambos os joelhos de maneira isométrica. Os dados foram estatisticamente analisados pela análise de variância e desvio padrão (p < 0,05) e correlação de Pearson (p < 0,05).RESULTADOS: Notou-se melhora no quadro geral dos idosos, sendo que houve aumento estatisticamente significante no estado geral de saúde, redução da limitação por aspectos físicos, redução da dor e no aumento da capacidade funcional, bem como um incremento da força de flexão e extensão, que teve reflexo positivo no teste funcional.CONCLUSÃO: Houve correlação extremamente válida entre o ganho de força em flexão com o teste de sentar e levantar, com o qual, apesar de ganho menor comparado ao ganho de força em extensão, estabeleceu-se correlação com o ganho funcional, independentemente da resposta visual ao exercício.
A Teoria da Ação Comunicativa de Habermas e suas aplicações nas organizações: contribuições para uma agenda de pesquisa
Authors: Vasconcelos Isabella Francisca Freitas Gouveia de , Pesqueux Yvon , Cyrino Alvaro Bruno
Published: September 2014

Neste ensaio teórico apresentamos elementos da Teoria da Ação Comunicativa de Habermas e a comparamos com a abordagem do poder de Michel Crozier. Discutimos uma possível agenda de pesquisa e apresentamos os artigos selecionados para este número especial da revista.
Uma aproximação entre pragmática universal e economia solidária: o caso de Catende
Authors: Gomes Fábio
Published: September 2014

Este artigo objetiva aproximar a pragmática universal, elemento fundamental da racionalidade comunicativa habermasiana, e os conceitos de economia solidária defendidos por Paul Singer. No que diz respeito à teoria de Habermas, limita-se à ideia de reconstrução das condições universais de possível compreensão mútua, sem se dedicar ao entendimento das relações semânticas nos procedimentos dialógicos, que ocupam papel central na teoria habermasiana. A reflexão teórica adotou como instrumento empírico, por meio do estudo de caso não generalizável, o Projeto Harmonia, no município de Catende-PE. Para esse fim, foram realizados dois estudos de campo: entrevistas com questionário semiestruturado e pesquisa quantitativa com aplicação presencial de questionários. A pesquisa exploratória identificou quatro categorias de trabalhadores (de usina, com cana, sem cana, favoráveis à reforma coletiva), analisadas distintamente no levantamento de dados.
A percepção da informação e da sua relevância no cenário institucional: sob a perspectiva de gestores e líderes
Authors: Vieira Eliane
Published: September 2014

Considerando o volume e a velocidade da informação que permeia o ambiente organizacional, este artigo tem o objetivo de auxiliar no entendimento e na contextualização dessa informação, por meio da avaliação de lideranças, com o propósito de determinar a percepção da informação e da sua relevância no contexto organizacional. A informação é responsável por contribuir para que a tomada de decisão responda às expectativas da empresa. À luz da teoria proposta por Choo (2003), este artigo reafirma que a informação deve ser processada, visando a reduzir ou evitar a incerteza e apoiar as decisões organizacionais; para isso, a forma como é percebida é vital para que cumpra seu propósito. A metodologia adotada visa a responder às perguntas: "Como a informação é percebida no cenário organizacional?" e "Qual é a relevância da informação?". Trata-se de estudo de caso realizado em uma organização privada, multinacional, do segmento de reflorestamento. Nos resultados, foi possível inferir que os envolvidos possuem uma notável percepção da informação e da sua relevância, embora se tenha observado que, em algumas situações, existe a necessidade de melhorar o fluxo, as ferramentas e a gestão da informação, para que, no contexto organizacional, ela constitua um recurso para decisões efetivas. Identificou-se que a necessidade de informação e sua aquisição, armazenamento, produtos e serviços, uso e disseminação, seguindo o modelo de Choo, realçam a percepção da informação e sua relevância no cenário institucional. A continuidade do estudo sugere a mensuração do impacto e influência da informação e a ampliação da percepção sob a perspectiva de subordinados.
Institucionalização das iniciativas socioambientais das organizações: interfaces entre a teoria do desenvolvimento social de Habermas e o isomorfismo da teoria institucional
Authors: Kelm Martinho Luis , Renz Cíntia Lisiane da Silva , Allebrandt Sérgio Luís , Sausen Jorge Oneide
Published: September 2014

Este artigo estabelece uma discussão a partir da premissa de que a institucionalização envolve processos por meio dos quais valores sociais (práticas, crenças e obrigações) assumem o status de regras de pensamento e de ação social. Busca, assim, indicar como uma sociedade viabiliza a materialização de novos padrões de racionalidade, de modo que estes passem a interferir nas concepções de realidade de seus sujeitos. O estudo apresenta um modelo de análise sistêmico da responsabilidade social corporativa, integrando os conceitos da lógica do desenvolvimento social, proposta por Jürgen Habermas, e os processos de isomorfismo observados nas organizações e oriundos da teoria institucional. Com o intuito de fornecer um modelo de análise teórico-empírica do tema, as iniciativas socioambientais são justificadas, inicialmente, pelo seu papel como fator de diferenciação ou como estabelecedor da reputação da organização e de seus produtos e serviços. Na sequência, observa-se um processo de normatização, quando é definido um novo padrão mínimo de atuação das organizações e, porque não dizer, de maturidade social, reiniciando nesse ponto uma nova busca de diferenciais competitivos e avanços sociais. Esse enfoque de investigação da atuação das empresas na arena socioambiental rompe com a perspectiva ingênua e voluntarista de que a emergência dessas iniciativas ocorra conforme diferentes níveis de conscientização do meio empresarial.
Ergologia: uma abordagem possível para os estudos organizacionais sobre trabalho
Authors: Holz Edvalter Becker , Bianco Mônica de Fátima
Published: September 2014

Busca-se apontar e demarcar como profícuo o uso da Ergologia - abordagem desenvolvida pelo filósofo francês Yves Schwartz - por pesquisadores da área de estudos organizacionais sobre trabalho. Neste artigo teórico a revisão de literatura é utilizada para atingir tal objetivo, abordando os seguintes pontos a respeito da Ergologia: sua gênese e suas concepções sobre o trabalhador e o trabalho; suas principais ferramentas conceituais, a saber, normas antecedentes, valores, renormalização, entidades coletivas relativamente pertinentes, saberes investidos; sua estrutura epistemológica, abrangendo o trabalho como um ambiente de vida, de aprendizagem e de confronto entre saberes, os seus pressupostos e proposições generalizáveis e o dispositivo por meio do qual se dá o seu exercício; uma breve comparação com as perspectivas clínicas do trabalho; a delimitação de sua proficuidade para os estudos organizacionais, abrangendo considerações de pesquisas já realizadas, bem como uma agenda para pesquisas futuras, em que se aponta a possibilidade de um novo olhar sobre discussões consolidadas nessa área, como comportamento e cultura organizacionais, competências e qualidade de vida no trabalho (QVT), e ainda indicações de possíveis consequências para práticas administrativas. Como conclusão, aponta-se a relevância da reflexividade no desenvolvimento de tecnologias gerenciais e da consideração da potencialidade do trabalho real em detrimento das prescrições e dos modelos generalizáveis, bem como se enfatiza o diálogo com os trabalhadores.
Participation in regular classroom of student with hearing loss: frequency modulation System use
Authors: Jacob Regina Tangerino de Souza , Alves Tacianne Kriscia Machado , Moret Adriane Lima Mortari , Morettin Marina , Santos Larissa Germiniani dos , Mondelli Maria Fernanda Capoani Garcia
Published: September 2014

PURPOSE: Translate and adapt to Portuguese the Classroom Participation Questionnaire (CPQ) and compare the participation in regular classroom of students with hearing impairment with and without the use of frequency modulation (FM) System.METHODS: The translation and adaptation of CPQ included the translation into Portuguese, linguistic adaptation and review of grammatical and idiomatic equivalences. The questionnaire was administered to 15 children and teenagers using hearing aids (HA) and/or cochlear implant (CI), fitted with personal FM System.RESULTS: The translation of the English CPQ into the Portuguese instrument resulted in the "Questionário de participação em sala de aula" with the same number of questions as the original version; regarding linguistic adaptation, no difficulty was observed in the understanding of the items proposed in the application for students with hearing loss.CONCLUSION: The CPQ instrument was translated and culturally adapted for the Brazilian population, being named "Questionário de participação em sala de aula"in the Portuguese version. The study contributes to observation and monitoring of participation in regular classroom of students with hearing impairment using FM System. In general, students reported increased confidence and participation in the classroom with the use of FM System.
A new paradigm for temporal masking assessment: pilot study
Authors: Filippini Renata , Schochat Eliane
Published: September 2014

PURPOSE: To determine the feasibility and applicability of a clinical backward masking test, focusing on the analysis of inter-stimuli interval, and not on the intensity thresholds as it has been traditionally done, thus proposing a new paradigm for temporal masking assessment.METHOD: The test consisted of the presentation of a target tone of 1.000 Hz followed by a broadband masking noise (950-1.050 Hz), with inter-stimuli interval of 0, 10, 20, 50 and 100 ms. The stimuli were presented monaurally to both ears, with intensity ratio between masker and target tone varying between -10, -20, -30 and -40 dB. Twenty undergraduate students, without hearing or auditory processing complaints, participated in this study.RESULTS: Regardless of the signal-to-noise ratio, we observed decrease of average performance according to the decrease of the interval between stimuli. We also observed the indication that little or no masking occurs at the 100 ms interval, suggesting this interval is unsuitable for temporal masking assessment. The average interval threshold was below 27 ms for all investigated intensities, and increased 9 ms with every increase of 10 dB at signal-to-noise ratio. The signal-to-noise ratios of -20 and -30 were the best ratios for the test application.CONCLUSION: The paradigm proposed in this pilot study proved to be feasible, easy to apply, and trustworthy, being compatible with other researches which are the foundation for the study of temporal masking. This theme deserves further studies, continuing the analysis initiated here.
School children with low birth weight inserted in system of Embu's education: construction of sentences
Authors: Pessoa Rebeca Rodrigues , Isotani Selma Mie , Perissinoto Jacy , Puccini Rosana Fiorini
Published: September 2014

PURPOSE: To characterize the construction of sentences in schoolchildren born with low weight.METHODS: We selected 413 students from Embu das Artes (SP), Brazil. Application of Recreating Speech Acts of Test of Language Competence sub-test. We analyzed the number of words and the holistic score. Age group of 6-10 years old, female/male, with low birth weight (<2,500 g) in Study Group (SG; n=238), and birth weight above or equal to 2,500 g composing the Control Group (CG; n=175). Children with anomalies were excluded. The both groups' responses were considered as well as the association of the responses with variables birth weight, gender, age of child and maternal age and education, through Student's t-test, χ2test and linear regression.RESULTS: The SG scored less on the total number of words and had worst performance in items that involved prepositions with a sense of temporality and place, with adverb functions. There was no difference between groups regarding the holistic score. It was found positive impact of the variables birth weight (p=0.002), age of child, age of mother and maternal education on standard test scores in both groups.CONCLUSION: The SG had fewer words compared to CG. The higher the birth weight, the higher the score test pattern. It was evident the age-related changes in morpho-syntactic skills addressed in the study, and protection factors mother's schooling and age had a positive impact on language performance.
Longitudinal electrophysiological study of auditory pathway in small for gestational age infants
Authors: Angrisani Rosanna Giaffredo , Diniz Edna Maria Albuquerque , Guinsburg Ruth , Ferraro Alexandre Archanjo , Azevedo Marisa Frasson de , Matas Carla Gentile
Published: September 2014

PURPOSE: To follow the maturation of the auditory pathway of infants born small for gestational age term, by studying absolute and interpeak latencies of Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) in the first six months of life.METHODS: Multicentric prospective longitudinal study. The ABR was carried out in the neonatal period in 96 newborn infants, 49 small for gestational age (SGA) and 47 appropriate for gestational age (AGA). Of these, 77 infants (39 SGA and 38 AGA) returned for a second evaluation. In the third evaluation, 70 infants (35 SGA and 35 AGA) returned.RESULTS: SGA and AGA did not present significant differences in the neonatal period and at three months of life. However, at six months, there was statistical significant difference between SGA and AGA groups for the latencies of wave III and interpeak I-III. Latencies of ABR waves decreased more rapidly in the first three months than the third to the sixth month of life for the SGA. AGA group showed progressive decrease in latency of ABR waves during the six months.CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that, for SGA infants, the maturational process of the auditory pathway occurs in different rate when compared to AGA infants. The SGA infants have faster maturation especially at the first three months of life, while in infants AGA, this process occurred in a constant and gradual way throughout the six months studied.
Comparison between the conventional method and a portable device for determination of INR
Authors: Araújo André Camacho Oliveira , Domingues Rodrigo Borges , van Bellen Bonno
Published: September 2014

CONTEXT: Anticoagulation with warfarin is considered the appropriate treatment for venous thromboembolism and other thrombotic pathologies. Regular INR control is required for dosage adjustment and therapeutic control. Use of portable monitoring systems optimizes management of these patients. OBJECTIVE: To compare INR measurements taken using the portable Coaguchek XS system in capillary blood with the standard laboratory method using venous blood. METHOD: Fifty-two samples each of venous and capillary blood were collected from nineteen patients on warfarin, who had been admitted to the Hospital da Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, and analyzed using the conventional method and the Coaguchek XS system, respectively. RESULTS: Spearman's correlation coefficient ® for the overall performance of the two methods was 0.978 (p<0.0001; 95%CI 0.961-0.988). The Kappa measure of agreement for all patients was 76.8% (p<0.001; IC: 95% 0.975-0.561). Mean INR according to the Coaguchek XS system underestimated the values provided by the conventional method by -0.01 INR points, with a standard error of 0.342. Results for INR values greater than 3.5 were satisfactory with a correlation coefficient of 0.71, but without statistical significance (p>0.714). CONCLUSIONS: The Coaguchek XS system can be used to monitor prothrombin time in patients on oral anticoagulants, provided INR values greater than 3.5 are confirmed using the conventional laboratory method.
O conhecimento de si como possibilidade para a transformação de si e do coletivo
Authors: Silveira Rosemary Silva da , Lunardi Valéria Lerch
Published: September 2014

Para promover a discussão e reflexão em grupo sobre o significado do trabalho da enfermagem numa unidade cirúrgica e diante da constatação da necessidade dos trabalhadores de enfermagem conhecerem-se mais a si e entre si, como participantes e construtores de um trabalho coletivo, implementou-se uma prática, entendida como uma tecnologia do eu, que favorecesse o conhecimento de si e do outro na tentativa de transformar a si e, conseqüentemente, o coletivo. A partir da exposição verbal e individual, ao grupo, da percepção de si, propôs-se o registro escrito de qualidades e conselhos que poderiam ser atribuídos a cada membro da equipe de enfermagem. Sistematizadas as contribuições, cada participante recebeu, individualmente, o conjunto de percepções do grupo sobre si. Tais estratégias constituíram-se em espaços mobilizadores para o diálogo, a reflexão crítica e uma maior aproximação entre os trabalhadores, representando uma possibilidade de cuidado de si e de aperfeiçoamento pessoal e grupal.
O poder disciplinar da enfermagem no espaço hospitalar: uma aproximação com o pensamento de Foucault
Authors: Borenstein Miriam Süsskind
Published: September 2014

Este estudo apresenta algumas reflexões de como o poder disciplinar, à luz de Foucault, tem sido exercido sobre os membros da equipe de enfermagem que atuam no espaço hospitalar, permitindo a partir daí, conhecer, refletir e, buscar uma nova forma de realizar mudanças no âmbito da enfermagem.
Association between sleep quality and quality of life in nursing professionals working rotating shifts
Authors: Palhares Valéria de Castilho , Corrente José Eduardo , Matsubara Beatriz Bojikian
Published: September 2014

OBJECTIVE To analyze the association between sleep quality and quality of life of nursing professionals according to their work schedules.METHODS A prospective, cross-sectional, observational study was conducted between January and December 2010, with 264 nursing professionals, drawn from 989 subjects at Botucatu General Hospital and stratified by professional category. The Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index and the WHOQOL-bref were administered to evaluate sleep quality and quality of life, respectively. Self-reported demographic data were collected with a standard form. Continuous variables were reported as means and standard deviations, and categorical variables were expressed as proportions. Associations were evaluated using Spearman’s correlation coefficient. The association of night-shift work and gender with sleep disturbance was evaluated by logistic regression analysis using a model adjusted for age and considering sleep disturbance the dependent variable. The level of significance was p < 0.05.RESULTS Night-shift work was associated with severe worsening of at least one component of sleep quality in the model adjusted for age (OR = 1.91; 95%CI 1.04;3.50; p = 0.036). Female gender was associated with sleep disturbance (OR = 3.40; 95%CI 1.37;8.40; p = 0.008). Quality of life and quality of sleep were closely correlated (R = -0.56; p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS Characteristics of the nursing profession affect sleep quality and quality of life, and these two variables are associated.
Brazilian version of the Quality of Care Scale: the perspective of people with disabilities
Authors: Bredemeier Juliana , Agranonik Marilyn , Perez Tatiana Spalding , Fleck Marcelo Pio de Almeida
Published: September 2014

OBJECTIVE To analyze evidence of the validity and reliability of a Brazilian Portuguese version of the Quality of Care Scale from the perspective of people with physical and intellectual disabilities.METHODS There were 162 people with physical disabilities and 156 with intellectual disabilities from Porto Alegre and metropolitan region, who participated in the study in 2008. Classical psychometrics was used to independently analyze the two samples. Hypotheses for evidence of criterion validity (concurrent type) were tested with the Mann-Whitney test for non-normal distributions. Principal components analysis was used to explore factorial models. Evidence of reliability was calculated with Cronbach alpha for the scales and subscales. Test-retest reliability was analyzed for individuals with intellectual disabilities through intra-class correlation coefficient and the Willcoxon test.RESULTS The principal components in the group with physical disabilities replicated the original model presented as a solution to the international project data. Evidence of discriminant validity and test-retest reliability was found.CONCLUSIONS The transcultural factor model found within the international sample project seems appropriate for the samples investigated in this study, especially the physical disabilities group. Depression, pain, satisfaction with life and disability may play a mediating role in the evaluation of quality of care. Additional research is needed to add to evidence of the validity of the instruments.
Determinants of using pacifier and bottle feeding
Authors: Buccini Gabriela dos Santos , Benício Maria Helena D'Aquino , Venancio Sonia Isoyama
Published: September 2014

OBJECTIVE To analyze the factors associated with the use of pacifiers and/or bottle feeding in infants aged under one year.METHODS This is a cross-sectional study with 34,366 children and using data from the database of the 2nd Nationwide Survey of Breastfeeding Prevalence performed in the Brazilian capitals and Federal District in 2008. Cluster sampling was used. The questionnaire included questions about the use of artificial nipples in the last 24 hours. The analysis considered three outcomes: exclusive use of pacifier, exclusive use of bottle feeding, and use of artificial nipples (pacifier and bottle feeding). Prevalence ratios were obtained using Poisson regression with robust variance following a hierarchical model.RESULTS The following factors were associated with exclusive use of the pacifier: mother working outside the home, primiparity, child was not breastfed within the first hour, and child had consumed tea on the first day at home. The following factors were associated with exclusive use of bottle feeding: mother working outside the home, primiparity, low birth weight, child not breastfed within the first hour, and child had consumed milk formula and tea on the first day at home. The following factors were associated with use of artificial nipples (pacifier and bottle feeding): mother working outside the home, primiparity, cesarean delivery, the male gender, low birth weight, born in a hospital not accredited as “baby friendly”, required health baby monitoring in the Primary Health Care Unit (PR = 0.91), and child had consumed milk formula, water, or tea on the first day at home.CONCLUSIONS This study identified profiles of exclusive users of pacifiers, bottle feeding, and both. The provided information can guide preventive practices for child health.
Self-reported diabetes in older people: comparison of prevalences and control measures
Authors: Stopa Sheila Rizzato , César Chester Luiz Galvão , Segri Neuber José , Goldbaum Moisés , Guimarães Vanessa Martins Valente , Alves Maria Cecília Goi Porto , Barros Marilisa Berti de Azevedo
Published: September 2014

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to analyze the prevalence of diabetes in older people and the adopted control measures.METHODS Data regarding older diabetic individuals who participated in the Health Surveys conducted in the Municipality of Sao Paulo, SP, ISA-Capital, in 2003 and 2008, which were cross-sectional studies, were analyzed. Prevalences and confidence intervals were compared between 2003 and 2008, according to sociodemographic variables. The combination of the databases was performed when the confidence intervals overlapped. The Chi-square (level of significance of 5%) and the Pearson’s Chi-square (Rao-Scott) tests were performed. The variables without overlap between the confidence intervals were not tested.RESULTS The age of the older adults was 60-69 years. The majority were women, Caucasian, with an income of between > 0.5 and 2.5 times the minimum salary and low levels of schooling. The prevalence of diabetes was 17.6% (95%CI 14.9;20.6) in 2003 and 20.1% (95%CI 17.3;23.1) in 2008, which indicates a growth over this period (p at the limit of significance). The most prevalent measure adopted by the older adults to control diabetes was hypoglycemic agents, followed by diet. Physical activity was not frequent, despite the significant differences observed between 2003 and 2008 results. The use of public health services to control diabetes was significantly higher in older individuals with lower income and lower levels of education.CONCLUSIONS Diabetes is a complex and challenging disease for patients and the health systems. Measures that encourage health promotion practices are necessary because they presented a smaller proportion than the use of hypoglycemic agents. Public health policies should be implemented, and aimed mainly at older individuals with low income and schooling levels. These changes are essential to improve the health condition of older diabetic patients.