bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of supramolecular synthons and structural characterisation of aminopyridine-carboxylic acid derivatives
Authors: Hemamalini Madhukar , Loh Wan-Sin , Quah Ching Kheng , Fun Hoong-Kun
Published: May 2014

Background

Co-crystal is a structurally homogeneous crystalline material that contains two or more neutral building blocks that are present in definite stoichiometric amounts. The main advantage of co-crystals is their ability to generate a variety of solid forms of a drug that have distinct physicochemical properties from the solid co-crystal components. In the present investigation, five co-crystals containing 2-amino-6-chloropyridine (AMPY) moiety were synthesized and characterized.

Results

The crystal structure of 2-amino-6-chloropyridine (AMPY) (I), and the robustness of pyridine-acid supramolecular synthon were discussed in four stoichiometry co-crystals of AMPY…BA (II), AMPY…2ABA (III), AMPY…3CLBA (IV) and AMPY…4NBA (V). The abbreviated designations used are benzoic acid (BA), 2-aminobenzoic acid (2ABA), 3-chlorobenzoic acid (3CLBA) and 4-nitrobenzoic acid (4NBA). All the crystalline materials have been characterized by 1HNMR, 13CNMR, IR, photoluminescence, TEM analysis and X-ray diffraction. The supramolecular assembly of each co-crystal is analyzed and discussed.

Conclusions

Extensive N---H · · · N/N---H · · · O/O---H · · · N hydrogen bonds are found in (I-V), featuring different supramolecular synthons. In the crystal structure, for compound (I), the 2-amino-6-chloropyridine molecules are linked together into centrosymmetric dimers by hydrogen bonds to form homosynthon, whereas for compounds (II-V), the carboxylic group of the respective acids (benzoic acid, 2-aminobenzoic acid, 3-chlorobenzoic acid and 4-nitrobenzoic acid) interacts with pyridine molecule in a linear fashion through a pair of N---H · · · O and O---H · · · N hydrogen bonds, generating cyclic hydrogen-bonded motifs with the graph-set notation

R

2

2

8

, to form heterosynthon. In compound (II), another intermolecular N---H · · · O hydrogen bonds further link these heterosynthons into zig-zag chains. Whereas in compounds (IV) and (V), these heterosynthons are centrosymmetrically paired via N---H · · · O hydrogen bonds and each forms a complementary DADA [D = donor and A = acceptor] array of quadruple hydrogen bonds, with graph-set notation

R

2

3

8

,

R
2
2

8

and

R
2
3

8

.
Gluteal silicone injections and total hip arthroplasty: a case report
Authors: Seeger Jörn B , Ahmed Gafar A , Basad Erhan , Rickert Markus , Ishaque Bernd A
Published: May 2014

Introduction

Silicone injection is a common procedure in cosmetic surgery. Granuloma formation and migration are the most commonly observed complications.

Case presentation

We report an unusual case of avascular necrosis of the hip in a 41-year-old woman from Thailand presenting with hip pain. Subcutaneous nodules were observed in the clinical examination. A pelvic X-ray revealed necrosis of the right femoral head and histological analysis of the punctuated nodules showed a reaction of foreign body granulomas. During surgical treatment with a hip replacement solitary silicone cysts were removed.

Conclusions

This case report emphasizes that orthopedic surgeons treating patients with necrosis of the hip joint in combination with palpable granulomas in the gluteal region have to be aware of silicone augmentation and its potential complications before planning a hip replacement.
Immunosuppressive roles of natural killer T (NKT) cells in the skin
Authors: McKee Sara J , Mattarollo Stephen R , Leggatt Graham R
Published: May 2014

The skin is a complex immunological niche providing immunity to invading pathogens while simultaneously maintaining tolerance to innocuous environmental antigens. Consistent with this complex response, the skin is resident to both immunosuppressive and effector cell populations whose activities are tightly regulated. While NKT cells can activate immune responses in the skin, this review will highlight studies on UV-induced photodamage, models of NMSCs, transplantation and allergic inflammation where NKT cells appear to have an immunosuppressive role in the skin.
Foundation News
Authors: Blythe Natalie
Published: May 2014

Many times in our academic career, we are challenged to connect classroom and textbook knowledge to application in our chosen field. Too often, that firsthand experience does not occur until after graduation. For some students, having a bridge between academia and industry would help to reassure them of their professional career. Thanks to its corporate and individual donors, SEG provides geosciences students around the world with the opportunity to construct a bridge between the classroom and industry through its one-of-a-kind Field Camp Grants Program.
Introduction to the special section on seismic-amplitude data and well logs
Authors: Torres-Verdín Carlos
Published: May 2014

Reservoir description and production forecast are customarily accomplished by combining well logs, core laboratory data, and fluid-production measurements acquired in multiple wells with spatial-interpolation methods. The greatest and most diverse petrophysical, fluid, and compositional information is invariably concentrated at well locations within reservoir depth intervals. Spatial interpolation and extrapolation of that information between and beyond existing well locations are necessary for infill and step-out drilling, to anticipate fluid displacement caused by primary and/or enhanced recovery processes, and generally to maximize hydrocarbon production.
First production application of high-density vibroseis acquisition on Alaska's North Slope
Authors: Winter Olivier , Maxwell Peter , Schmid Ron , Watt Howard
Published: May 2014

A case study of the acquisition of a high-density, broad-bandwidth vibroseis survey on Alaska's North Slope, using a high-productivity slip-sweep technique, shows the merits of this technique for acquisition of high-density data in a short time frame in extreme conditions as well as the benefits of high-density broadband data for subsequent processing, imaging, and seismic inversion.
State of the Net
Authors: Farley Isaac
Published: May 2014

Are you interested in simplifying and personalizing your experience in the SEG Digital Library? Why wouldn't you be? Have you established citation alerts on specific articles or search alerts for relevant topic areas? Are you e-mailing articles to friends or sharing with colleagues via Twitter? For those of you who are, this is where you say to yourself, “Of course I am!” For those of you interested in learning more, I encourage you to settle in and continue to read because I aim to educate.
Opiate Pharmacology and Relief of Pain
Authors: Pasternak Gavril W.
Published: May 2014

Opioids remain the mainstay of severe pain management in patients with cancer. The hallmark of pain management is individualization of therapy. Although almost all clinically used drugs act through mu opioid receptors, they display subtle but important differences pharmacologically. Furthermore, not all patients respond equally well to all drugs. Evidence suggests that these variable responses among patients have a biologic basis and are likely to involve both biased agonism and the many mu opioid receptor subtypes that have been cloned.
Pattern of Frequent But Nontargeted Pharmacologic Thromboprophylaxis for Hospitalized Patients With Cancer at Academic Medical Centers: A Prospective, Cross-Sectional, Multicenter Study
Authors: Zwicker Jeffrey I. , Rojan Adam , Campigotto Federico , Rehman Nadia , Funches Renee , Connolly Gregory , Webster Jonathan , Aggarwal Anita , Mobarek Dalia , Faselis Charles , Neuberg Donna , Rickles Frederick R. , Wun Ted , Streiff Michael B. , Khorana Alok A.
Published: May 2014

Purpose

Hospitalized patients with cancer are considered to be at high risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Despite strong recommendations in numerous clinical practice guidelines, retrospective studies have shown that pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis is underutilized in hospitalized patients with cancer.

Patients and Methods

We conducted a prospective, cross-sectional study of hospitalized patients with cancer at five academic hospitals to determine prescription rates of thromboprophylaxis and factors influencing its use during hospitalization.

Results

A total of 775 patients with cancer were enrolled across five academic medical centers. Two hundred forty-seven patients (31.9%) had relative contraindications to pharmacologic prophylaxis. Accounting for contraindications to anticoagulation, the overall rate of pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis was 74.2% (95% CI, 70.4% to 78.0%; 392 of 528 patients). Among the patients with cancer without contraindications for anticoagulation, individuals hospitalized with nonhematologic malignancies were significantly more likely to receive pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis than those with hematologic malignancies (odds ratio [OR], 2.34; 95% CI, 1.43 to 3.82; P = .007). Patients with cancer admitted for cancer therapy were significantly less likely to receive pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis than those admitted for other reasons (OR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.22 to 0.61; P < .001). Sixty-three percent of patients with cancer classified as low risk, as determined by the Padua Scoring System, received anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis. Among the 136 patients who did not receive anticoagulation, 58.8% were considered to be high risk by the Padua Scoring System.

Conclusion

We conclude that pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis is frequently administered to hospitalized patients with cancer but that nearly one third of patients are considered to have relative contraindications for prophylactic anticoagulation. Pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis in hospitalized patients with cancer is commonly prescribed without regard to the presence or absence of concomitant risk factors for VTE.
Systemic Therapy for Patients With Advanced Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Positive Breast Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline
Authors: Giordano Sharon H. , Temin Sarah , Kirshner Jeffrey J. , Chandarlapaty Sarat , Crews Jennie R. , Davidson Nancy E. , Esteva Francisco J. , Gonzalez-Angulo Ana M. , Krop Ian , Levinson Jennifer , Lin Nancy U. , Modi Shanu , Patt Debra A. , Perez Edith A. , Perlmutter Jane , Ramakrishna Naren , Winer Eric P.
Published: May 2014

Purpose

To provide evidence-based recommendations to practicing oncologists and others on systemic therapy for patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) –positive advanced breast cancer.

Methods

The American Society of Clinical Oncology convened a panel of medical oncology, radiation oncology, guideline implementation, and advocacy experts and conducted a systematic literature review from January 2009 to October 2012. Outcomes of interest included overall survival, progression-free survival (PFS), and adverse events.

Results

A total of 16 trials met the systematic review criteria. The CLEOPATRA trial found survival and PFS benefits for docetaxel, trastuzumab, and pertuzumab in first-line treatment, and the EMILIA trial found survival and PFS benefits for trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) in second-line treatment. T-DM1 also showed a third-line PFS benefit. One trial reported on duration of HER2-targeted therapy, and three others reported on endocrine therapy for patients with HER-positive advanced breast cancer.

Recommendations

HER2-targeted therapy is recommended for patients with HER2-positive advanced breast cancer, except for those with clinical congestive heart failure or significantly compromised left ventricular ejection fraction, who should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. Trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and taxane for first-line treatment and T-DM1 for second-line treatment are recommended. In the third-line setting, clinicians should offer other HER2-targeted therapy combinations or T-DM1 (if not previously administered) and may offer pertuzumab, if the patient has not previously received it. Optimal duration of chemotherapy is at least 4 to 6 months or until maximum response, depending on toxicity and in the absence of progression. HER2-targeted therapy can continue until time of progression or unacceptable toxicities. For patients with HER2-positive and estrogen receptor–positive/progesterone receptor–positive breast cancer, clinicians may recommend either standard first-line therapy or, for selected patients, endocrine therapy plus HER2-targeted therapy or endocrine therapy alone.
Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial of Conventional Versus Laparoscopic Surgery for Colorectal Cancer Within an Enhanced Recovery Programme: EnROL
Authors: Kennedy Robin H. , Francis E. Anne , Wharton Rose , Blazeby Jane M. , Quirke Philip , West Nicholas P. , Dutton Susan J.
Published: May 2014

Purpose

Laparoscopic resection and a multimodal approach known as an enhanced recovery program (ERP) have been major changes in colorectal perioperative care that have improved clinical outcomes for colorectal cancer resection. EnROL (Enhanced Recovery Open Versus Laparoscopic) is a multicenter randomized controlled trial examining whether the benefits of laparoscopy still exist when open surgery is optimized within an ERP.

Patients and Methods

Adults with colorectal cancer suitable for elective resection were randomly assigned at a ratio of 1:1 to laparoscopic or open surgery within an ERP, stratified by center, cancer site (colon v rectum), and age group (< 66 v 66-75 v > 75 years) using minimization. The primary outcome was physical fatigue at 1 month postsurgery. Secondary outcomes included hospital stay, complications, other patient-reported outcomes (PROs), and physical function. Patients and outcome assessors were blinded until 7 days postsurgery or discharge if earlier. Central independent and blinded pathologic assessment of surgical quality was undertaken.

Results

A total of 204 patients (laparoscopy, n = 103; open surgery, n = 101) were recruited from 12 UK centers from July 2008 to April 2012. One-month physical fatigue scores were similar in both groups (mean: laparoscopy, 12.28; 95% CI, 11.37 to 13.19 v open surgery, 12.05; 95% CI, 11.14 to 12.96; adjusted mean difference, −0.23; 95% CI, −1.52 to 1.07). Median total hospital stay was significantly shorter after laparoscopic surgery (median: laparoscopy, 5; interquartile range [IQR], 4 to 9 v open surgery, 7; IQR, 5 to 11 days; P = .033). There were no differences in other secondary outcomes or in specimen quality after central pathologic review.

Conclusion

In patients treated by experienced surgeons within an ERP, physical fatigue and other PROs were similar in both groups, but laparoscopic surgery significantly reduced length of hospital stay.
Cell migration: from tissue culture to embryos
Authors: Reig Germán , Pulgar Eduardo , Concha Miguel L.
Published: May 2014

Cell migration is a fundamental process that occurs during embryo development. Classic studies using in vitro culture systems have been instrumental in dissecting the principles of cell motility and highlighting how cells make use of topographical features of the substrate, cell-cell contacts, and chemical and physical environmental signals to direct their locomotion. Here, we review the guidance principles of in vitro cell locomotion and examine how they control directed cell migration in vivo during development. We focus on developmental examples in which individual guidance mechanisms have been clearly dissected, and for which the interactions among guidance cues have been explored. We also discuss how the migratory behaviours elicited by guidance mechanisms generate the stereotypical patterns of migration that shape tissues in the developing embryo.
The RNA-binding protein ELAV regulates Hox RNA processing, expression and function within the Drosophila nervous system
Authors: Rogulja-Ortmann Ana , Picao-Osorio Joao , Villava Casandra , Patraquim Pedro , Lafuente Elvira , Aspden Julie , Thomsen Stefan , Technau Gerhard M. , Alonso Claudio R.
Published: May 2014

The regulated head-to-tail expression of Hox genes provides a coordinate system for the activation of specific programmes of cell differentiation according to axial level. Recent work indicates that Hox expression can be regulated via RNA processing but the underlying mechanisms and biological significance of this form of regulation remain poorly understood. Here we explore these issues within the developing Drosophila central nervous system (CNS). We show that the pan-neural RNA-binding protein (RBP) ELAV (Hu antigen) regulates the RNA processing patterns of the Hox gene Ultrabithorax (Ubx) within the embryonic CNS. Using a combination of biochemical, genetic and imaging approaches we demonstrate that ELAV binds to discrete elements within Ubx RNAs and that its genetic removal reduces Ubx protein expression in the CNS leading to the respecification of cellular subroutines under Ubx control, thus defining for the first time a specific cellular role of ELAV within the developing CNS. Artificial provision of ELAV in glial cells (a cell type that lacks ELAV) promotes Ubx expression, suggesting that ELAV-dependent regulation might contribute to cell type-specific Hox expression patterns within the CNS. Finally, we note that expression of abdominal A and Abdominal B is reduced in elav mutant embryos, whereas other Hox genes (Antennapedia) are not affected. Based on these results and the evolutionary conservation of ELAV and Hox genes we propose that the modulation of Hox RNA processing by ELAV serves to adapt the morphogenesis of the CNS to axial level by regulating Hox expression and consequently activating local programmes of neural differentiation.
Lipocalin 2 binds to membrane phosphatidylethanolamine to induce lipid raft movement in a PKA-dependent manner and modulates sperm maturation
Authors: Watanabe Hitomi , Takeo Toru , Tojo Hiromasa , Sakoh Kazuhito , Berger Thorsten , Nakagata Naomi , Mak Tak W. , Kondoh Gen
Published: May 2014

Mammalian sperm undergo multiple maturation steps after leaving the testis in order to become competent for fertilization, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear. In terms of identifying factors crucial for these processes in vivo, we found that lipocalin 2 (Lcn2), which is known as an innate immune factor inhibiting bacterial and malarial growth, can modulate sperm maturation. Most sperm that migrated to the oviduct of wild-type females underwent lipid raft reorganization and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein shedding, which are signatures of sperm maturation, but few did so in Lcn2 null mice. Furthermore, we found that LCN2 binds to membrane phosphatidylethanolamine to reinforce lipid raft reorganization via a PKA-dependent mechanism and promotes sperm to acquire fertility by facilitating cholesterol efflux. These observations imply that mammals possess a mode for sperm maturation in addition to the albumin-mediated pathway.
REDES SOCIAIS: UMA METANÁLISE NOS PERIÓDICOS DA ÁREA DE ADMINISTRAÇÃO NO BRASIL
Authors: Ribeiro Henrique César Melo
Published: May 2014

O presente trabalho investigou o perfil das pesquisas e a evolução do tema Redes Sociais nos artigos publicados nos Periódicos Qualis B2 a A1 da área de Administração, no período de 2000 a 2011. Foi um estudo exploratório, de análise bibliométrica e sociométrica, que utilizou também a abordagem quantitativa e a estatística descritiva. Os resultados evidenciam que: existe forte centralidade dos atores; as publicações em parceria são predominantes. Rossoni, L. e Machado-da-Silva, C. L., são os autores mais prolíferos; a UFPR tem destaque no que ser refere ao tema ora estudado; e Granovetter, M. S. é o autor mais citado nas referências. Conclui-se de maneira macro que o tema redes sociais é recente e ainda não atingiu sua maturidade nas publicações, mas que está a caminho da consolidação, pois o número de artigos analisados nestes doze anos demonstra esta tendência.
POOR COMMUNICATION SKILLS MEANS HIGH RISK FOR AVIATION SAFETY
Authors: Dos Santos Isabel Cristina , Vieira Ana Maria , Morais Paulo Renato de
Published: May 2014

This article analyses different types of communication in the aviation operational environment. This research has a qualitative approach underlined by a documentary analysis based on national aviation agencies´ reports. Communication is a complex system consisted by verbal, non-verbal, written, spoken and automatic communication. Communication is a crucial factor to manage critical situations. According to the results, the lack of communication skills among individuals involved in air operations contribute for the bulk of accidents and incidents in aviation. Conclusions show that aviation activities require people high skilled in communication as such as technical proficiency. Conclusions also stress the emergency of implementing Communication Skills Training to aviation professionals, in order to develop abilities to detect threats and communicate clearly the need for support to manage risks. It is imperative to certify that all the actions required by the Safety Management System´s philosophy have been implemented to develop safety behavior.
Na Face das Ondas: Coordenadas sobre Literatura no Ecrã
Authors: Maduro Daniela Côrtes
Published: May 2014

Recensão de Miguel Rettenmaier e Tania Rösing (Org.) Questões de literatura na tela. Passo Fundo, Editora Universidade de Passo Fundo, 2010, 273 pp. ISBN P78-85-7515-725-1. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2182-8830_1-1_14
Porquê Editar a Marginalia Pessoana?
Authors: Estibeira Maria do Céu
Published: May 2014

A edição da marginalia de Fernando Pessoa (considerada por muitos como um segundo espólio) assume-se como imprescindível no universo dos estudos pessoanos, podendo ser considerada como uma extensão da sua produção literária, ao mesmo tempo que é reveladora do seu “work-in-progress” enquanto poeta e ensaísta. O presente artigo pretende dar a conhecer algumas das especificidades da marginalia incluída na Biblioteca Particular de Fernando Pessoa, bem como apresentar algumas problemáticas e dificuldades inerentes à sua edição.
AbstractThe edition of Fernando Pessoa’s marginalia (considered by many as an additional literary estate) is very important in the universe of Pessoa’s criticism, as it can be part of the poet’s literary production, as well as revealing the poet’s “work in progress” as creator and critic. This article intends to present some details of the marginalia in the books that belonged to Fernando Pessoa’s Private Library. It also discusses the editorial difficulties and problems raised by the different types of marginalia.
 
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2182-8830_1_1_4
Estranhamentos: Materialidades da Escrita na Viena de 1900
Authors: Ribeiro António Sousa
Published: May 2014

A partir de um conceito amplo de materialidades, percorrem-se alguns aspetos da modernidade vienense com vista a pôr em relevo dimensões da prática da escrita que oferecem paralelismos relevantes com a obra de Fernando Pessoa. AbstractUsing a broad notion of materialities, the article touches upon some aspects of Viennese modernity with the aim of highlighting several dimensions of the practice of writing that offer relevant parallels to the work of Fernando Pessoa. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2182-8830_1-1_8
EIGENVALUE COLLISION FOR PT-SYMMETRIC WAVEGUIDE
Authors: Borisov Denis
Published: May 2014

We consider a model of a planar PT-symmetric waveguide and study the phenomenon of the eigenvalue collision under perturbation of the boundary conditions. This phenomenon was discovered numerically in previous works. The main result of this work is an analytic explanation of this phenomenon.
EXCEPTIONAL POINTS IN OPEN AND PT-SYMMETRIC SYSTEMS
Authors: Eleuch Hichem , Rotter Ingrid
Published: May 2014

Exceptional points (EPs) determine the dynamics of open quantum systems and cause also PT symmetry breaking in PT symmetric systems. From a mathematical point of view, this is caused by the fact that the phases of the wavefunctions (eigenfunctions of a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian) relative to one another are not rigid when an EP is approached. The system is therefore able to align with the environment to which it is coupled and, consequently, rigorous changes of the system properties may occur. We compare analytically as well as numerically the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of a 2 × 2 matrix that is characteristic either of open quantum systems at high level density or of PT symmetric optical lattices. In both cases, the results show clearly the influence of the environment on the system in the neighborhood of EPs. Although the systems are very different from one another, the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions indicate the same characteristic features.
“The German, the Sclave, and the Semite”
Authors: Kuzmic Tatiana
Published: May 2014

This essay contributes to George Eliot scholarship by examining the author’s interest in Eastern Europe, which spanned the length of her literary career, and its portrayal in her fiction. It situates Eliot’s Eastern European characters—from the minor ones, such as Countess Czerlaski’s late husband in “The Sad Fortunes of the Rev. Amos Barton” (1857), to major protagonists, such as Will Ladislaw of Middlemarch (1871–72)—in the context of England’s policy toward Poland vis-à-vis Russia during the course of the nineteenth century. The international political backdrop is especially useful in illuminating the Polish aspect of Middlemarch, whose publication date and the time period the novel covers (1829–32) happen to coincide with or shortly follow the two major insurrections Poland launched against Russia. Drawing on Eliot’s interactions with Slavic Jews in Germany, the essay shows how the creation of Will Ladislaw and his reprisal in the character of Herr Klesmer in Daniel Deronda (1876) serves the purposes of Eliot’s imagined cure for English insularity.
Quantum-Dimensional Effects in Thermoelectric Characteristics of Lead Chalcogenides Nanostructures
Authors: Freik D.M. , Yurchyshyn I.K. , Potyak V.Yu.
Published: May 2014

On the basis of theoretical model of quantum well (QW) with infinitely high walls it was investigated thermoelectric parameters depending on the thickness of the layer of nanostructures IV-VI (PbS, PbSe, PbTe) in the approximation of changing Fermi energy. There have been shown that the dependences of the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power factor on well width for lead chalcogenides nanofilms are in good agreement with the experimental data. So, that proves the correctness of used model.
Electric Properties of Mg-substituted Lithium Iron Spinel
Authors: Kaykan L.S. , Gasyuk I.M. , Ugorchuk V.V. , Kaykan J.S. , Sichka M.Y.
Published: May 2014

The paper deals with the issue of compiling the Southwestern dialect dictionaries. A survey of the history of the dialect dictionaries from the mid-nineteenth century to the present is given. The scientific background and principles of compiling the dictionaries in question are analyzed. Special attention is given to dictionary register, dictionary entry structure, description of semantic properties of registered words, illustrative material, word passport.

      It has been established that many aspects of the Hutsul dialects are reflected in different lexicographical works, though a big academic dictionary still needs to be written. There exist big differential dictionaries of the Boyko, Bukovynian, Upper Dniestrian dialects. The Transcarpathian and Lemko dialects are less closely studied in this respect. There have been carried out some lexicographical studies of the Podillian, Pokuttian, Southern Volynian dialects and the dialects of the Sian river basin; further research is certainly needed to provide a firm basis for compiling dictionaries of these dialects.
Nonsynonymous Substitution Rate Heterogeneity in the Peptide-Binding Region Among DifferentHLA-DRB1Lineages in Humans
Authors: Yasukochi Yoshiki , Satta Yoko
Published: May 2014

An extraordinary diversity of amino acid sequences in the peptide-binding region (PBR) of human leukocyte antigen [HLA; human major histocompatibility complex (MHC)] molecules has been maintained by balancing selection. The process of accumulation of amino acid diversity in the PBR for six HLA genes (HLA-A, B, C, DRB1, DQB1, and DPB1) shows that the number of amino acid substitutions in the PBR among alleles does not linearly correlate with the divergence time of alleles at the six HLA loci. At these loci, some pairs of alleles show significantly less nonsynonymous substitutions at the PBR than expected from the divergence time. The same phenomenon was observed not only in the HLA but also in the rat MHC. To identify the cause for this, DRB1 sequences, a representative case of a typical nonlinear pattern of substitutions, were examined. When the amino acid substitutions in the PBR were placed with maximum parsimony on a maximum likelihood tree based on the non-PBR substitutions, heterogeneous rates of nonsynonymous substitutions in the PBR were observed on several branches. A computer simulation supported the hypothesis that allelic pairs with low PBR substitution rates were responsible for the stagnation of accumulation of PBR nonsynonymous substitutions. From these observations, we conclude that the nonsynonymous substitution rate at the PBR sites is not constant among the allelic lineages. The deceleration of the rate may be caused by the coexistence of certain pathogens for a substantially long time during HLA evolution.
Delayed Diagnosis and False Relapse Due to Paternal Testosterone Use in Adrenocortical Carcinoma
Authors: Green Adam L. , Srivatsa Abhinash , Rodriguez-Galindo Carlos
Published: May 2014

The prognosis of pediatric adrenocortical carcinoma often depends on prompt diagnosis to begin treatment before metastatic progression. We discuss a girl who presented at 8 months of age with virilization, which was thought to be due to exposure to a topical testosterone preparation being used by her father. Her testosterone level did not decrease promptly after her father discontinued the medication, however, and when she followed up with signs of Cushing syndrome 5 months later, metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma was diagnosed. The patient was successfully treated with surgery and multiagent chemotherapy. Nine months after the end of treatment, her testosterone level was again found to be elevated. Testosterone precursors were now absent, however, and there were no imaging signs of recurrence. Further history showed that her father had restarted topical testosterone, and this time, exogenous exposure was correctly diagnosed. As use of topical testosterone becomes more prevalent, exogenous exposure must be considered in the differential diagnosis of childhood virilization. Any persistent testosterone elevation after exposure ceases or signs of hypercortisolism, however, are inconsistent with this diagnosis. We believe that the risk-benefit ratio favors abdominal ultrasound to rule out malignancy in all children presenting with virilization.
Prevention of Dental Caries in Children From Birth Through Age 5 Years: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement
Authors: Moyer Virginia A.
Published: May 2014

DESCRIPTION:

Update of the 2004 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on prevention of dental caries in preschool-aged children.

METHODS:

The USPSTF reviewed the evidence on prevention of dental caries by primary care clinicians in children 5 years and younger, focusing on screening for caries, assessment of risk for future caries, and the effectiveness of various interventions that have possible benefits in preventing caries.

POPULATION:

This recommendation applies to children age 5 years and younger.

RECOMMENDATION:

The USPSTF recommends that primary care clinicians prescribe oral fluoride supplementation starting at age 6 months for children whose water supply is deficient in fluoride. (B recommendation) The USPSTF recommends that primary care clinicians apply fluoride varnish to the primary teeth of all infants and children starting at the age of primary tooth eruption. (B recommendation) The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of routine screening examinations for dental caries performed by primary care clinicians in children from birth to age 5 years. (I Statement)
National Myocardial Infarction Registry
Authors: Jánosi András , Ofner Péter
Published: May 2014

The authors delineate the circumstances of the creation of the National Myocardial Infarction Registry program. This web-based program started in January 1, 2010 as a “pilot” study with the voluntary participation of 12 centres. As a result of professional consensus, the number of participating institutions has continuously increased and, since March 1, 2013, data supply has become obligatory for hospitals treating patients with myocardial infarction. In December, 2013 a new modification of certain health and health insurance related acts such as Act XLVII/1997 regulated the operation of National Myocardial Infraction Registry. At present 65 institutions provide data regularly. The number of patients with myocardial infarction in the database was 24308 in January 1, 2014. The authors summarize the data which accumulated during almost four years of functioning of the National Myocardial Infarction Registry Program. The incidence of myocardial infarction was defined by reviewing the number of pre hospital and hospital cases in five districts of the capital and Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County of Hungary. Reviewing the records patients with ST-elevation and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction revealed that treatment of 91% of ST-elevation patients occurred in hospitals with cardiac catheterization laboratory, and 82% of patients had primary percutaneous coronary intervention. In-hospital, 30-day and 1-year mortality were defined for patients treated for both types of myocardial infarction. Based on national and international experience, the authors emphasize that professional characteristics of patient care can only be assessed using specific patient registries and these data are essential in the development of an efficient health-care system. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(19), 740–744.
Hungarian Hypertension Registry
Authors: Kiss István , Kékes Ede
Published: May 2014

Today, hypertension is considered endemic throughout the world. The number of individuals with high blood pressure and the increasing risk, morbidity and mortality caused by hypertension despite modern therapy do not decrease sufficiently. Hypertension has become a public health issue. Prevention and effective care require integrated datasets about many features, clinical presentation and therapy of patients with hypertension. The lack of this database in Hungary prompted the development of the registry which could help to provide population-based data for analysis. Data collection and processing was initiated by the Hungarian Society of Hypertension in 2002. Data recording into the Hungarian Hypertension Registry was performed four times (2002, 2005, 2007, 2011) and the registry currently contains data obtained from 108,473 patients. Analysis of these data indicates that 80% of the patients belong to the high or very high cardiovascular risk group. The registry provides data on cardiovascular risk of the hypertensive populations and the effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy in Hungary. Based on international experience and preliminary analysis of data from the Hungarian Hypertension Registry, establishment of hypertension registry may support the effectiveness of public health programs. A further step would be needed for proper data management control and the application of professional principles of evidence-based guidelines in the everyday practice. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(19), 764–768.
Synthesis of CaMn2O4-related electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution electrode of water-splitting
Authors: Taki Yuya , Tan Zhenquan , Ohara Satoshi , Itoh Takashi , Nakano Yoshiaki , Fujii Katsushi , Sugiyama Masakazu
Published: May 2014

Water-splitting by using electric power produced by solar cells is promising system to produce hydrogen without fossil fuels. Oxygen evolving catalyst is, however, major problem to prevent using this system widely because precious materials are used in the catalyst. Considering from the photosynthesis II of plants, the compound of Ca-Mn-O is one of the candidates for the oxygen evolving catalyst. In this study, the synthesis condition and the oxygen evolving electrocatalytic activity of CaMn2O4•xH2O are investigated. The overpotential at 0.1 mA/cm2 was 0.28 V when using the electrode of carbon paste and CaMn2O4•H2O with the weight ratio of 3:1.
Body Worlds
Authors: Roberts Martha
Published: May 2014

Bodies on Display and Pluralist Frameworks of Production
Beautiful Babies
Authors: Stroud Irene
Published: May 2014

Baby shows and baby contests in the late nineteenth century United States, beginning as a form of entertainment at agricultural fairs, were co-opted in the early twentieth century as a public relations vehicle for the eugenics movement. This article connects this history of display of the infant body with white Protestant practices of bodily display in infant baptism as represented etiquette manuals, women's magazines, and works of art. The author argues that infants became unwitting participants in practices of display that marked them as members of affluent white society.
What is Euhemerism?
Authors: Roubekas Nickolas
Published: May 2014

The third century BCE Greek writer Euhemerus of Messene composed a utopian travel narrative entitled Sacred Inscription where he articulated a theory, known as euhemerism, regarding the origin of religion. The theory maintained that all Olympian gods were deified prominent kings and later scholars made use of it as a justification of divine kingship in the Graeco-Roman world. Euhemerism managed to survive in the early Christian era as a theory that represents the falsity of the gods of the pagans. From a theory of myth to a theory of religion and from a less important element of Euhemerus’ utopian narrative to mere historiography, euhemerism has managed to preserve itself in scholarly discussions without the existence of a comprehensive examination of the theory from a religious studies perspective and the way it was used in later periods. Based on the various and divergent usages and applications of euhemerism both in historical studies and in theoretical discussions on religion, the question remains: What is euhemerism?
Sea otters are recolonizing southern California in fits and starts
Authors: Lafferty Kevin D. , Tinker M. Tim
Published: May 2014

After near extinction as a result of the fur trade in the 1700s and 1800s, the southern sea otter slowly reoccupied the core of its range in central California. Range expansion beyond central California is seen as key to full recovery of otters, but the rate of expansion has been sporadic, raising concerns about habitat quality in southern California. To describe the range expansion of sea otters from central into southern California, we used skiff surveys, aerial surveys, and archival time‐depth recorders from 2004 to 2013. These observations show that range expansion began when male otters swam southeast of Point Conception (Cojo Anchorage), perhaps to seek refuge from bad weather and to feed on unexploited resources. After several years of seasonal use by male groups, females began to use the area, leading to reproduction and a secondary increase in abundance. In contrast, a second male group that moved farther down the coast to Coal Oil Point stalled and retreated. Such range expansion and contraction can be explained by the social nature of sea otters, which acts to slow dispersal away from groups. Otter densities at Cojo Anchorage are now approaching equilibrium levels reported for central California. As in central California, otters rested in and near kelp forest habitat, but used deeper water for foraging. Together, these observations suggest habitat in the Santa Barbara Channel can still support sea otters, but range expansion of otters into southern California will be episodic due to social dynamics.
Drosophila Melanogaster Show a Threshold Effect in Response to Radiation
Authors: Antosh Michael , Fox David , Hasselbacher Thomas , Lanou Robert , Neretti Nicola , Cooper Leon N.
Published: May 2014

We investigate the biological effects of radiation using adult Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism, focusing on gene expression and lifespan analysis to determine the effect of different radiation doses. Our results support a threshold effect in response to radiation: no effect on lifespan and no permanent effect on gene expression is seen at incident radiation levels below 100 J/kg. We also find that it is more appropriate to compare radiation effects in flies using the absorbed energy rather than incident radiation levels.
DNA molecules site-specific immobilization and their applications
Authors: Zhang Xiaoning , Hu Hongmei
Published: May 2014

In addition to its role as a carrier of genetic information, DNA has been recognized as a construction material for the assembly of different objects and structural arrangements with nanoscale features. As a result of DNA’s self-recognition properties (based on the specific base-pairing of G-C and T-A), monolayer films of nucleic acids on solid supports have attracted an escalating attentions. Recently, numerous novel materials based on two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) DNA structures have been reported, which extends their utility to a large number of appliations. This review paper intends to be a new and comprehensive overview of recent strategies to site-specifically immobilized DNA on various materials, including carbonaceous substances, gold, and silica substrate, emphasizing the applications of site-specific DNA nanostructure-based devices for diagnostic, bioanalytical, food safety and environmental monitoring. Additionally, an up-to-date perspective is proposed at the end of this review.
Chemical and technological characterization of medieval glass bracelets from South-East Bulgaria
Authors: Georgieva Ralitsa , Detcheva Albena , Dimitriev Yanko
Published: May 2014

The present paper deals with chemical and physicochemical characterization of seven glass fragments of medieval glass bracelets from South-East Bulgaria. Samples were investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). Gravimetric chemical analysis was used for silica assessment. Flame photometry was applied to determine sodium and potassium content while aluminium, calcium and magnesium were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after dissolution using a mixture of acids. All investigated artefacts are soda-lime-silica glasses and when produced two different recipe norms were used. Important technological parameters of glass manufacturing were determined and discussed. This investigation throws light on the technological development and production of glass during medieval times.
Application of positron spectroscopy for investigation of threshold space of oil-gas rocks
Authors: Arefyev Konstantin , Grafutin Victor , Prokopyev Evgeny , Lider Andrey , Laptev Roman , Bordulev Yury
Published: May 2014

This article considers the possibility of applying the positron annihilation spectroscopy method for investigating the pore space of rocks from oil-gas and methane-coal deposits. The diagnostics of the structure was performed using the method of spectrometry of angular correlation of annihilation rays (ACAR). Using the samples of porous silicon, the authors have shown the applicability of the ACAR method for determination of the average dimensions of spherical and cylindrical nanosized objects and their concentration
Occurrence of 2-phenylphenol in food paper packages
Authors: Votavová Lenka , Hanušová Kristýna , Vápenka Lukáš , Dobiáš Jaroslav , Kvasnička František
Published: May 2014

Twenty three paper based packaging materials commercially used for food packaging in the Czech Republic were analysed with regard to 2-phenylphenol (OPP) content using HPLC technique with fluorimetric detection. The HPLC method was modified with the aim to increase its sensitivity. OPP was detected in quantities ranging from 10 mg kg−1 to 527 mg kg−1 in twenty tested samples. The level of OPP in packaging materials was in close correlation to the content of recycled pulp in used paper material. The migration of OPP from two packaging materials comprised of paperboard coated with low density polyethylene (LDPE) into food simulants was determined at 40°C for 10 days. The levels of migration into 3% acetic acid, 10% ethanol and olive oil were below the limit of detection of used analytical procedure. In the case of 95% ethanol, 13% and 21% of OPP present in tested samples were transferred into simulant. The found occurrence of OPP in paper packages does not pose any significant safety risk for food consumer, but OPP could be considered as wide spread contaminant in paper materials.
Influence of sintering temperature on secondary phases formation and microwave dielectric properties of Ca2Ce2Ti5O16 ceramics
Authors: Manan Abdul , Khan Sami , Qazi Ibrahim
Published: May 2014

Ca2Ce2Ti5O16 dielectric ceramics prepared by conventional solid-state ceramic route was investigated. Phase composition and microwave dielectric properties were measured using XRD and Vector network analyzer, respectively. XRD analysis of the calcined and sintered samples revealed the formation of CeO2 and another unidentified phase (that vanished at ≥ 1400 °C) as secondary phases along with the parent Ca2Ce2Ti5O16 phase. The amount of the parent Ca2Ce2Ti5O16 phase increased with increasing sintering temperature from 1350 °C to 1450 °C accompanied by a decrease in the apparent density. The density decreased but ɛr and Qu f
o increased with sintering temperature. An er ~ 81.5, Qu fo ~5915 GHz and t f ~ 219 GHz were
achieved for the sample sintered at 1450 °C.
Preparation of vertically aligned ZnO crystal rods in aqueous solution at external electric field
Authors: Prijamboedi B. , Maryanti E. , Haryati T.
Published: May 2014

In this study, an external electric field was used to facilitate the growth of vertically aligned ZnO crystal rods on the surface of indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrates in an aqueous solution. We used Zn(NO3) and C6H12N4 as precursor and reagent. We found that the external electric field generated by DC potential of 5 kV between two electrodes that were placed outside the bottle could facilitate the growth of homogeneous, high density and vertically aligned ZnO crystal rods. Position of the substrate during the growth of crystal was found to be important to obtain well aligned crystal. The crystals that were grown near the negative electrode had the best properties. Photoluminescence measurement at room temperature revealed sharp peaks at around 360 and 380 nm and a broad peak around 420 nm that indicated good properties of ZnO crystals grown with external electric field.