bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High receptor activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa Î² (RANK) expression and luminal A subtype are associated with bone metastasis in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Santhiadi Nyoman Gde Trizka , Sudarsa I Wayan , Mahadewa Tjokorda Gde Bagus
Published: April 2020

BackgroundBones are the most common distant metastasis site in breast cancer, especially in advanced stages. Bone metastasis involves continuous interaction between tumor cells, osteoblast, osteoclast, and bone matrix. There are many risk factors regarding distant metastasis sites in breast cancer patients, including breast cancer molecular subtypes and mediator known as Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa Î² (RANK). In this study, we explore relationships between Luminal A breast cancer and RANK in association with bone metastasis site.MethodThis study is a cross-sectional analysis study conducted in Sanglah General Hospital, Bali Denpasar. Estimated sample size was measured using formula to hypothesize between two proportions, and obtained 34 patients as our minimal sample needed in this study. Data will be presented in 2x2 tables, consist of RANK Protein expression and molecular cancer subtype (Luminal A / Non-Luminal A) in row section and Metastasis (Bone Metastasis or Non-Bone Metastasis) in column section. Univariat analysis were done using comparative method between 2 categorical unrelated groups: Chi Square and Fisherâ€™s Exact Test. OR values were measured and p value <0.05 considered to be significant statistically.ResultFrom these 106 patients, we used nested sampling to randomize these patients into our study sample, with total of 36 patients. The mean age of our patients is 48.64 Â± 9.86 years. Luminal A subtypes tends to metastasize into bone component compared with Non-Luminal A subtypes with p value 0.041 and OR: 3.5; with 95% CI (0.82 â€“ 14.84). Tumor with high RANK expressions tends to metastasize into bone component compared with low RANK expressions with p value 0.045 and OR 3.25; with 95% CI (0.81 â€“ 13.03)ConclusionThere is a significant difference statistically in molecular subtype breast cancer and in RANK protein expressions between two patient groups (bone metastasis site vs other metastasis site)
Effectiveness of nasal irrigation with isotonic saline against interleukin-8 levels and quality of life in chronic rhinosinusitis patients
Authors: Yuliyani Eka Arie , Sutanegara Sari Wulan Dwi , Muliartha I Made
Published: April 2020

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis is a chronic inflammation of the nasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses that can occur due to multifactorial and affect the quality of life of the sufferer. IL-8 is a proinflammatory cytokine that can significantly increase in chronic rhinosinusitis. Standard therapy and nasal washing with saline isotonic can reduce symptoms that complained of the patient and as well as the effect on changes in interleukin-8 as a proinflammatory mediator. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of nasal irrigation with NaCl 0.9% against IL-8 level and quality of life in chronic rhinosinusitis patients.Methods: This study is an experimental study with a pre-post test control group design. The subject of the study was 30 people divided into two groups with simple randomisation, each group of 15 people in which the control group received standard therapy and treatment group received standard therapy and nasal irrigation with saline isotonic for two weeks. Quality of life assessment was conducted with SNOT-22 and interleukin-8 examination before and after therapy in each group.Results: There was no significant difference in SNOT-22 (p=0.227) of both groups before and after therapy. There was a significant difference in the ear and facial symptoms (p=0.025) and psychological (p=0.043) of both groups before and after therapy.Conclusion: Standard therapy and nasal washing with saline isotonic in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis give a better effect compared to standard therapy without nasal washing with saline isotonic in terms of inhibiting elevated interleukin-8 levels.
Viral and non-viral causes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in Arifin Achmad General Hospital Riau Province during 2013-2017
Authors: Arfianti Arfianti , Putra Zulfatta Dwi , Delhaldita Ekral , Sembiring Ligat Pribadi , Asputra Hendra
Published: April 2020

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the six most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Recent reports have suggested an increasing prevalence of HCC without evidence of hepatitis B and C infection (non-viral HCC).Methods: This was a descriptive study with cross-sectional approach that aimed to describe the distribution of viral and non-viral risk causes of hepatocellular carcinoma cases at Arifin Achmad General Hospital (AAGH), Riau Province in the period of 2013-2017. Data were obtained from medical records of HCC patients using total sampling method.Results: We included 129 cases of whom 64 (49,6%) were associated with viral causes and 65 (50,4%) wereÂ  non-viral HCC. Bivariate analyses showed that there was no age difference between viral and non-viral HCC patients but the prevalence of non-viral HCC was significantly higher in females than males (odds ratio [OR], 3,12 ; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1,2-8,1; p=0,016). In addition, patients with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) <400 ng/mL were more frequently associated with non-viral HCC compared with those with elevated AFP Â³400 ng/mL (OR, 3,71; 95%CI, 1,49-9,26; p=0,004).Conclusion: There was an equal distribution of viral and non-viral causes in HCC cases at AAGH, Riau Province during 2013-2017. This suggests changing etiologies of HCC that may impact HCC surveillance.
The histopathological features and bacterial counts after exposure to Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 2,3,4 and 19 F in the lung of Balb/c mice
Authors: Tarini Ni Made Adi , Astawa I Nyoman Mantik , Sukrama I Dewa Made , Wita I Wayan , Winarti Ni Wayan
Published: April 2020

Background: Pneumococci cause mild or severe infections that begin with colonization in the nasopharyngeal area. Intranasal transmission is a natural route of bacterial infection in the host. This study aims to determine the type of serotype that can infect and provide an overview of inflammation in the lungs of mice after exposure to 107 bacteria S. pneumoniae serotypes 2, 3, 4, 19F and ATCC 6030 intranasally in animals try Balb / c mice.Methods: True experimental study was conducted using Randomized Posttest Only Control Group Design among 30 Balb/c mice divided into 3 groups. The intervention used in this study was carried out twice, namely at 24 hours and 48 hours with 50 Î¼l suspension of Streptococcus pneumoniae bacterial inoculum via intranasal drop by drop. Lung histopathology and CFU analysis of infected mice were evaluated. TNF-Î± was examined using ELISA. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 17 for windows.Results: The results showed that S. pneumoniae serotype 3 could infect Balb / c mice and found about 5x104 CFU (SD Â± 7x104 CFU) at 101 dilutions and was still detected at 104 dilutions i.e. 0.5 CFU (SD Â± 0.7 CFU) at 24 hours post-infection as well at 48 hours post-infection, accompanied by infiltration of neutrophil cells in the lung tissue at the same time. The TNF-Î± levels did not significantly differ between the treatment group (P>0.05)Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that not all S. pneumoniae serotypes can infect experimental animals.
Protective effect of rotavirus immunization in acute diarrhea due to rotavirus infection: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Indayani Anak Agung Wiwin , Karyana I Putu Gede , Utama Made Gede Dwi Lingga , Sidiartha I Gusti Lanang , Subanada Ida Bagus , Widnyana Anak Agung Ketut Putra
Published: April 2020

Background: Diarrhea is a life-threatening disease for children. In Indonesia, the incidence of rotavirus infection was 67% of all cases of acute diarrhea. Immunization is an effort that can be done to prevent acute diarrhea due to rotavirus infection. RotarixÂ® vaccine is expected to have protective effect against acute diarrhea due to rotavirus infection. This study aims to investigate the protective effect of immunization against rotavirus on the incidence of acute diarrhea in children due to rotavirus infection.Methods: This was an analytical study using prospective cohort approach in private pediatric clinics in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Participants include one-hundred children aged 6 months was divided into two groups, i.e. vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups, each consisting of 50 children. Incidence of acute diarrhea in both groups were measured and subsequent statistical analyses were conducted to determine contributing factors for the protective effect of rotavirus vaccine against acute diarrhea. Results: The incidence of rotavirus infection in vaccinated children was 6%, compared to 24% in the non-vaccinated children. There was significant association between vaccination status and the incidence of acute diarrhea due to rotavirus infection (p value=0.012). The probability of acute diarrhea due to rotavirus infection in both groups were 15% and 52% for the vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups, respectively. The relative risk reduction of acute diarrhea due to rotavirus infection is 71% [RR=0.288; 95% CI (52% -82%)].Conclusions: Immunization against rotavirus infection has a statistically significant protective effect against acute diarrhea due to rotavirus infection.
The association between Caveolin-1 expressions with clinicopathological characteristic of breast cancer
Authors: Ekassiana Pande Made Krisna , Supadmanaba I Gede Putu , Wihandani Desak Made , Adiputra Putu Anda Tusta
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Currently, prognostic determination of breast cancer often posed a challenge to oncologists due to variability in many molecular processes and metabolism. Caveolin-1 is caveolae protein that is closely related to tumour metabolism and had been proved to be associated with the level of malignancy in pre-clinical studies, but there is still no clinical evidence about Cavolin-1. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association between the expressions of Caveolin-1 with clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer.Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Sanglah General Hospital and Biochemistry Laboratory by using 78 subjects. The clinicopathological characteristics were recorded from medical records while Caveolin-1 expression was determined by IHC.Results: Caveolin-1 expression was found to be significantly associated with clinical stadium, subtype, histological grade and LVI in bivariate analysis. Multivariate analysis found significant only in three of them with high expression of Caveolin-1 was associated with early stadium, negative LVI and Luminal A subtype.Conclusion: Caveolin-1 expression is significantly associated with clinical stadium, LVI and subtype in breast cancer with high expression often delineate early stage, negative LVI and luminal A subtype.
PKB XXVII Ilmu Penyakit Dalam: Comprehensive Management in Internal Medicine
Authors: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Udayana PKB XXVII Ilmu Penyakit Dalam
Published: April 2020

ForewordInternal Medicine is quickly developing in all lines, from basic theories, pathophysiology, diagnostic procedures and therapy. The challenges of new cases and the re-emergence of re-emerging diseases in the era of globalization, modernization and industrialization require clinicians to constantly renew their knowledge and expertise and possess global standard quality to improve medical services. Information on medical science and technology is now easily accessible to anyone, produce an increasingly critical society and bring up challenges for clinicians.The advancement of Indonesian doctors must be supported by access to regional, national and international scientific communication in the form of scientific forums that present the latest research information and results, as well as a forum for discussion with experts in addition to establishing family bond for doctors.Pendidikan Kedokteran Berkelanjutan (PKB) Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine of Udayana University / Sanglah Hospital 2019 is a scientific activity in Internal Medicine topics held annually. In the series of activities of PKB XXVII in Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine Universitas Udayana / Sanglah Hospital 2019, the update in the field of Internal Medicine will be presented in the form of training (workshops), symposiums, and expert discussions hence the opportunities for interaction between participants and experts are optimal. Development in the field of research is also a concern and we give appreciation in the form of opportunities to compete in oral papers and posters.Â Â Dr. I Wayan Losen Adnyana, SpPD-KHOM ChairmanÂ
The influence of maternal age and gestational age to urinary tract infection in Lempake Primary Health Care, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Meiyanto Johanes Dwi
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the second-largest of the worldâ€™s health burden just behind the respiratory tract infection. Pregnant women are at risk of suffering from urinary tract infection due to anatomical and physiological changes along the urinary tract. The study aims to find out the influence of maternal age and gestational age to UTI in Primary Health Care Center Lempake.Method: The research method was cross sectional with total sampling and using secondary data from the register book of emergency unit in Primary Health Care Center Lempake including all UTI cases in pregnancy from all pregnant patients undergone urinalysis from January 2017 until October 2018 (48 patients). It was then analyzed using logistic regression with STATA version 14.Result: Most of subjects distribution were maternal age group 26-35 years old (39.6%), third trimester of pregnancy (66.7%), and negative result of bacteriuria (81.3%). Maternal age group 26-35 years old was the the most one suffering from UTI/positive result of bacteriuria (55.6%) and had tendency 5.4 times to suffer from urinary tract infection (p=0.147; CI=0.56-51.71; OR=5.36) while gestational age in third trimester showed significant influence to urinary tract infection (p=0.05; CI=0.03-1.00; OR=0.18). The prevalence of urinary tract infection in this research was 18.7%.Â Conclusion: There were significant influences among maternal age and gestational age to UTI in Primary Health Care Center Lempake.
Type IA urethral duplication: a case report
Authors: Adityagama Miftah , Hutasoit Yonas Immanuel
Published: April 2020

Background: Urethral duplication is a rare congenital malformation mainly affecting men and boys. Although a number of theories have been proposed to describe this condition, the actual mechanism of this disorder is still not clear. The most frequent anomaly occurs in the sagittal plane, in which the duplicated urethra is in either dorsal or ventral position in relation to the orthotopic urethra. The therapeutic management of these conditions is complicated and depends on the presence of symptoms as well as the type of anomaly.Case Description: We present a case of urethral duplication in a 2 years old male child. The malformation was characterised by the presence of the meatus in the dorsal penoscrotal and accompanied by the sign of infection in it. Urethrography showed contrast stopped filling 2 cm from the meatus in the dorsal penoscrotal with a total dead-end impression as an accessory urethra and there was no abnormalities in the principal urethra looked from the contrast filled the penile urethra, bulbous urethra, prostatic urethra, and bladder. That was the form of Effmann Type IA urethral duplication. The dorsal accessory urethra was excised entirely without complication and he remains symptom-free eight months after surgery.Conclusion: In summary, urethral duplication is a rare clinical condition. It has many variants that were classified by Effman. Management depends on the anatomy of the duplication involved and the patientâ€™s clinical symptoms.
Management of urethral stricture due to prostate cancer and colorectal cancer radiotherapy: a systematic review
Authors: Salsabila Sirin , Lazuardi Muhammad Adi Satrio , Rosandy Kharisma Ogit
Published: April 2020

Background: Prostate and colorectal cancer are the second and third most common cancer in male. Radiotherapy is performed as treatment option for both cancers. Thus, lead to the increasing case of radiotherapy-induced urethral stricture. Recurrent stricture post-correction commonly occurs.Methods: Six relevant English literatures were found throughout online database published between 2011-2017. PICO is used to identify components of clinical evidence to create systematic review. Subjects include 222 radiotherapy-induced urethral stricture patients due to prostate and colorectal cancer who undergone various treatment modality options.Results: Radiotherapy modality performed in sample population were External Beam Radiotherapy (EBRT) (44.1%), Brachytherapy (BT) (31.5%), EBRT/BT (16.2%), Adjuvant EBRT (6.8%), salvage EBRT (0.9%), and proton beam (0.5%). Strictures were found in bulbomembranous-urethra (64.4%), bulbar-urethra (17.1%), posterior-urethra (10.8%), membranous-urethra (5.4%), vesico-urethra (1.4%), and pan-urethra (0.9%). Known mean onset for urethral-induced radiotherapy is 5.6 years. Treatment options include anastomosis urethroplasty (61.3%), Buccal Mucosa Graft Urethroplasty (23.4%), urolume stent (10.8%), penile island flap onlay (2.2%), Genital fasciocutaneous skin flap (1.4%), and perineal flap urethroplasty (0.9%). Known mean onset for urethral stricture recurrence is 10.8 months.Conclusion: Urethral strictures commonly occur after radiation therapy for prostate and colorectal cancer. Urethroplasty is the preferable treatment option. The recurrence onset for urethral stricture post urethroplasty is shorter than urethral strictures in general.
Predisposing factors of kidney function recovery after postrenal obstruction
Authors: Ismy Jufriady , Husen Lea Darman Syamaun , Hidayat Imam
Published: April 2020

Background: Renal function recovery in postrenal acute kidney injury (AKI) patient is not always achieved and risk factor for chronic disease. Factors that affect of kidney function recovery include duration of symptoms, AKI stage and degree of hydronephrosis. The aim of the study is to determine the correlation of predisposing factors of renal function recovery in postrenal AKI patient.Methods: A prospective observational analytic study with a cross-sectional study approach that involves postrenal AKI with urinary tract stones formers from August to November 2017. Renal function recovery was assessed by comparing creatinine levels before obstruction and after obstruction (3rd and 7th day) and be correlated by the duration of symptoms, AKI stage, and degree of hydronephrosis.Results: 66 patients were included in the analysis of this study. Renal function recovery was found in 29 patients (43.9%) at 3rd day and 47 patients (71.2%) on the 7th-day post obstruction. There was a significant difference in mean creatinine levels before and after obstruction (p <0.0001). Both duration of symptoms, AKI stage, and hydronephrosis showed correlation on renal function recovery on 3rd and 7th day after obstruction (p < 0.05). In logistic regression analysis, hydronephrosis was the most correlated predisposing factor for renal function recovery in 3rd and 7th day after obstruction (p = 0.0001).Conclusion: Factors duration of symptoms, AKI stage, and degree of hydronephrosis significant correlated to renal function recovery after post-renal AKI. Degree of hydronephrosis was the most correlated predisposing factors.
High incidence of varicocele among young men in Public Police Hospital Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia: a descriptive study
Authors: Parisudha Ryuu Damara , Suwedagatha I Gede
Published: April 2020

Background: Varicocele is a progressive disease which possibly starts from puberty. When left untreated, it could progress and causes complications such as infertility. Determination on the representative national incidence and characteristic of varicocele has been a hard challenge due to the lack of data on varicocele epidemiological studies, especially in Bali. This study aims to know the characteristic of varicocele patients undergoing varicocelectomy in Bhayangkara Denpasar Hospital from January 2017 to December 2018.Â Methods: This research is a descriptive retrospective study with cross sectional approach. The population of the study consists of patients who were diagnosed with varicocele and underwent varicocelectomy in Bhayangkara Denpasar Hospital from January 2017 to December 2018. Total sampling method was used. Research data were retrieved by taking the patientâ€™s entire medical record with varicocele in Bhayangkara Denpasar Hospital from January 2017 to December 2018.Results: Ninty five samples were diagnosed with varicocele and underwent varicocelectomy. The highest percentage among age groups is 15 to 24 years (89.5%), with normal stature (94%), normal weight (86%), asymptomatic (90.5%), left unilateral varicocele (86.%), grade III varicocele (82,1%) and without comorbid (93.8%). The samples underwent varicocelectomy with Ivanissevich procedure (72.8%), operation time of â‰¤ 60 minutes (95.8%) and length of stay of â‰¤ 2 days (95.8%).Conclusion: The high incidence of varicocele in young adulthood is due to a majority of the samples being young police recruitment participants who were accidentally diagnosed during general medical check-up. Early screening on varicocele in the age group of 15 to 24 years is recommended to consider the need of sperm analysis examination and further deciding on the treatment options. One of the options is surgery.
Introducing the tolerogenic macrophage therapy as an alternative approach to manage systemic lupus erythematosus: a case series
Authors: Putranto Terawan Agus , Wibisono Djoko , Astoro Nyoto Widyo , Yana Martina Lily , Prabowo Endra Tri , Irwansyah Denny , Nurhadiyanta Nurhadiyanta , Rantung Yudo , Ikrar Taruna , Fandrich Fred
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) has been quite an enigma in medicine. The possibility of the host own defense mechanism attacking itself is still quite difficult to understand. Patients who suffer from this disease tend to have a problem in their qualities of life, especially as the majority affect female in their productive ages. Conservative therapy to manage this disease is widely developed and implemented. Since the known therapies have several side effects and limitation, a need to develop a new strategy that can re-establish the â€œtoleranceâ€ mechanism of our immune system is increasingly needed. Immunotherapy is already a promising field in the strategy against autoimmune cases. In our facility, we developed immunotherapy called ToM (Tolerogenic Macrophage) which similar to Mreg (Regulatory Macrophage) in order to utilise the â€œtoleranceâ€ ability of this immune apparatus.Case: In this study, we present 2 cases of female patients who suffer from SLE, which underwent ToM Therapy in our Cellcure facility in RSPAD Gatot Soebroto Jakarta-Indonesia. After the procedure the patient was monitored one month and one year. Clinical and control parameter such as ANA (IF) and ANA profile was examined again in both patients to measure the effect of this therapy. The ANA titer and the titer of specific antibodies such as dsDNA, Nucleosomes and Histones results show significant reduction, accompanied by the improvement of the symptoms.Conclusion: ToM Therapy seems to have a good efficacy as immunotherapy for SLE. Further study needed to establish this approach.
High level of anti-helicobacter pylori-heat shock protein 60II3, interferon-Î³, and neopterin are risk factors of cardiovascular events in acute coronary syndrome patients
Authors: Lestari Anak Agung Wiradewi , Wita I Wayan , Suata Ketut , Suastika Ketut
Published: April 2020

Background: Chronic inflammatory process that may cause acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and atheroma plaque instability. Based on inflammation process, several previous studies showed contradictory results in finding a relationship between infection H. pylori with the formation of atherosclerosis through the establishment of immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-H. pylori-HSP60II3 (IgG anti-Hp-HSP60II3), and neopterin level due to oxidative stress. This study aims to know whether IgG anti-Hp-HSP60II3, IFN-Î³ and neopterin are risk factors of cardiovascular events (CVE) in patients with ACS.Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted among 66 patients to determine the levels of IgG anti-Hp-HSP60II3, IFN-Î³, and neopterin in patients with ACS as well as the levels of IgG anti-Hp-HSP60II3, IFN-Î³, and neopterin. ACS patients were grouped into two groups: patients with ACS with positive prognostic factors (high levels of IgG anti-Hp-HSP60II3, IFN-Î³, neopterin, and hs-CRP) and the group of patients with ACS without prognostic factor (low level of anti-IgG levels hp-HSP60II3, IFN-Î³, neopterin, hs-CRP), and then were observed for 6 months while in the hospital. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 for Windows.Results: In observations over a period of 6 months, found as many as 15 (22.7%) patients with CVE, which consisted of 11 (16.7%) patientsâ€™ vascular death, 3 (4.5%) patients had IMA and 1 (1.5%) patients experienced recurrent cardiac ischemia from 66 patients with ACS. Mean difference between the time of occurrence CVE subjects with high and low levels of neopterin are statistically significant (P<0.05). When confounding factors such as dyslipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, smoking, and age are controlled, only neopterin levels affect the incidence CVE with the incidence rate ratio of 6.46 (95% CI: 1.45-28.74; p = 0.014) and path analysis found the effect of neopterin on CVE incidence about 49,1%, p < 0.05. Kaplan-Meier analysis gives result that the average time of CVE on a group of subjects with high levels of neopterin is shorter (129.09 days) than the group of subjects with low levels of neopterin (168.33 days) (P=0.008).Conclusion: This study found that the high level of anti-helicobacter pylori-heat shock protein 60II3, interferon-Î³, and neopterin have a potential role in predicting risk factors of cardiovascular events in acute coronary syndrome patients
The ethyl acetate fraction of Moringa oleifera leaves effects on endothelial stress in rat sepsis model
Authors: Sumandjar Tatar , Purwanto Bambang , Wasita Brian , Indarto Dono , Cilmiaty Risya , Widyaningsih Vitri
Published: April 2020

Background: Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by the dysregulation of the host response to infection, facilitated by inflammation and endothelial stress. Moringa oleifera leaves fractioned with ethyl acetate (MO-EA fraction) is proposed to have the ability to suppress inflammation and oxidative stress through the control of NF-kB. This study aims to investigate the effect of the MO-EA fraction in a rat sepsis model.Material and Methods: The study is a laboratory experimental study. The research was conducted on a total of 30 rats, equally divided into five groups. One group did not receive lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induction as negative control group, but the others received LPS induction and received variable doses of MO-EA fraction (0, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg of bodyweight). The measured outcome were serum concentration of of heparanase, CRP, malondialdehyde (MDA), and immunohistologic expression of e-selectin, NF-kB in cells, and histopathological necrosis in the aorta and kidney.Results: MO-EA fraction significantly decrease the serum levels of HPA, MDA on day 3 and 7, and lower the CRP serum level on day 7 (p<0.05). Other variables of interest did not show significant differences.Conclusion: The administration of MO-EA fraction of any dose significantly lower the serum level of HPA and MDA in mice sepsis models on day 3 and 7, and lower CRP on day 3 but not on day 7. However, examnationa of NF-kB and e-selectin expressions, and necrosis in kidney proximal tubule and aortic endothelial cells did not show the benefit of MO-EA fraction in preventing cell damage.
Evaluation of the Treatment of Partially Edentulous Patients With Bone Level Tapered Implants: 24-Month Clinical and Radiographic Follow-Up
Authors: Pariente Leon , Dada Karim , Daas Marwan , Linder Susy , Dard Michel
Published: April 2020

The aim of this case series was to assess, over a period of 24 months, the clinical and radiographic outcomes in partially edentulous patients receiving bone-level tapered implants. In total, 33 partially edentulous patients and 50 implants were evaluated. Patients received single or multiple implants in the posterior maxilla. Clinical and radiographic measurements of vertical bone levels were assessed at surgery, at loading, and 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery. The success and survival rates of the implants were also evaluated. Within the 24-month follow-up, only 1 implant failed (2.0%). Other biological or technical complications were not observed. The mean insertion torque was 34 ± 5.3 Ncm. Bone-level changes of 0.35 ± 0.23 mm were found between surgery and 12 months after surgery, and changes of 0.03 ± 0.05 mm were found between 12 months and 24 months after surgery. The overall change from surgery to 24 months after implant placement was 0.38 ± 0.24 mm. Most of the bone loss occurred between surgery and 3 months (0.28 ± 0.19 mm; P < .001); thereafter, the loss was minimal and statistically nonsignificant. Bone-level tapered implants yielded a high survival and success rate with minimal bone-level changes. Tapered implants could be considered as a predictable treatment option for partially edentulous patients with different types of bone qualities and loading protocols.
Cleaning Efficacy of Poly-ether-ether-ketone Tips in Eliminating Cement Remnants Around Implants With Different Abutment Heights
Authors: Koyuncuoglu Cenker Zeki , Kara Haluk Baris , Akdemir Sinan , Demir Becen , Al-Haj Husain Nadin , Özcan Mutlu
Published: April 2020

The excess cement not removed after the cementation of fixed implant-supported restorations may cause loss of peri-implant attachment or adjacent bone. The aims of this study were to evaluate the amount of residual cement at different abutment-crown connection levels and to test the cleaning efficacy of poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) ultrasonic tips after cementation. One implant was placed in an anterior central tooth position 5 mm below the gingival margin in an acrylic model, and 32 stone models were obtained with implant analogs. Abutment heights of 1–2 and 2.5–4 mm were used on the vestibular and lingual sides, respectively. Crowns were cemented and cleaned, and half of the samples were cleaned again using PEEK tips. The abutment-crown suprastructure was then disconnected, and cleaning efficacy was evaluated. Varying amounts of excess cement were found on all specimens except for the PEEK group with abutment-crown connections 1 mm below the gingival margin. An increase of undetected cement remnants was observed when the restoration margins were located deeper subgingivally. Various amounts of excess cement associated with margin location were detected on the abutment–restoration complex despite meticulous cleaning efforts. Ultrasonic PEEK tips were effective at cleaning the cement remnants around implants to a certain depth.
Methodological Approaches to Assessing the Impact of Information Technologies on Economic Growth in the Regions of Russia
Authors: Petrova Elena , Bondarenko Petr , Shipileva Alla
Published: April 2020

In this work, the authors propose a methodological approach to study the impact of using NBICtechnologies on the economic growth of the regions of the Russian Federation. The authors show that among NBIC-technologies they are ICT that have the greatest impact on economic growth. The assessment tools are integrated empirical analysis methods. At the first stage, a cluster analysis was carried out using the k-means method according to the per-capita GRP, the level of population income and the level of ICT use, under which three groups of Russian regions were distinguished, characterized by low, medium and high dynamics of economic growth. At the second stage, a canonical correlation analysis was carried out and analytical expressions of the interconnections of economic growth indicators and a set of indicators characterizing the development and use of ICT in the regions of the Russian Federation were obtained. The study proves the relationship between ICT and economic growth in the regions of the Russian Federation. The greatest influence is exerted by indicators such as the number of mobile cell phones and broadband Internet subscribers. The canonical correlation analysis for the selected groups of regions did not give positive results, the results for the first cluster, which is characterized by low dynamics of economic growth, turned out to be statistically significant. Most likely, this is due to the fact that in this group using ICT gives the greatest effect. However, the substantiation of this hypothesis requires the expansion of the statistical base of the study, both in time and in terms of expanding the composition of indicators that reflect not only economic, but also social aspects of the processes under study.
FORMALIZATION OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES AT RAILWAY STATIONS BASED ON THE STEP-BY-STEP MODELING
Authors: O. V. Gorbova
Published: April 2020

Purpose. Specialized software must be used to represent the technological process using step-by-step modeling methodology. Formalizing the technological process is one of the main tasks in the design or optimization phase of a railway station. The article proposes to develop a methodology of formalizing the technological processes based on the step-by-step modeling. Methodology. Using the methodology of stage-by-stage design, the input, internal and initial model of the railway station's operation were constructed. The input model of the proposed method is formed by the use case diagram, the statechart and activities diagrams, which are constructed using the tools of the IBM Rational Rose software. This model provides a graphoanalytic representation of the technological processes of a railway station with its visual control, which avoids time-consuming manual coding and eliminates errors. The diagrams below describe the technological process of a railway station based on hierarchical diagrams of the sequence of works of different detail degrees. Both initial and internal models are constructed using a unified UML modeling language. The methods of object-oriented design, finite state machines and system programming are used as research methods. Findings. The proposed methodology will make it possible to construct simulation models of railway stations using Harel statecharts. These models represent a hierarchically organized set of interacting finite state machines, while the complex model at each level of the hierarchy retains a simple and accessible structure. The start and finish signals generated by the state transition allow the model to be synchronized, and the use of state and signal description actions (UML extension) makes it possible to use external algorithms where the usual/automatic formalism becomes inconvenient. And the methodology implemented by means of the UML language, significantly facilitates the presentation and perception of the station model. Originality. The methodology of presenting a functional model of railway stations with the use of visual design methods has been improved. Practical value. The proposed method is intended for semigraphical representation of technological process of railway station operation, using the methodology of step-by-step modeling. Modeling on the basis of a graphical input model constructs internal and output models, as well as presents the methods for their transformations.
THE MODERNIZATION OF THE ELEMENTS OF THE BRAKE LEVER TRANSMISSION OF FREIGHT CARS BOGIES
Authors: V. G. Ravlyuk
Published: April 2020

Purpose. This study seeks to identify a rational way to modernize the brake lever transmission elements of freight car bogies. Methodology. Theoretical and operational studies concerning the structural limitations of the appearance of abnormal wear on the brake pads of the lever transmission of freight cars have been performed. The analytical approach to the justification of the technical and technological way of improving the existing design of the brake lever transmission is used. The recommendations of the modernization of the brake struts of the freight cars are given. Findings. Existing performance of existing brake lever transmissions has been found to be inefficient due to the inclination and pressing of the upper edges of the pads on the rolling surfaces of the wheels while running of trains without braking. Harmful friction with the formation of double friction wear of the working fluid leads to a condition where, due to the eccentric action of dynamic loads, up to 95% of the total number of pads are in a damaged state. The solutions for the restoration of existing brake beams designs were proposed. The chosen simplicity of the method of repair work is that the location of the service opening in the brake struts is transferred to a rational place. The method of modernization offered in the work is reduced to the fact that according to special calculations in the existing brake strut, at its restoration the minimum number of repair operations is performed. Originality. It is theoretically proved that in a brake beam a harmful torque from dynamic forces is formed, which causes abnormal wear of the brake pads. Calculated force analysis, taking into account these factors, identified the main disadvantage and identified the possibility of its elimination. A model was developed for the first time to reduce the non-normative wear of the brake pads due to the rational way of upgrading the brake strut. Mathematical calculations have been adapted to the formulation of the force loads of the elements of the brake levers, which tilt the brake beam to rest against the upper edges of the pads at the rolling surface of the wheels. Practical value. The results of the research were tested on real rolling stock and received practical recommendations, which should be used in the design, modernization and operation of brake systems of both operating fleet and three-element bogies of the new generation.
OPTIMAL ROUTE DEFINITION IN THE RAILWAY INFORMATION NETWORK USING NEURAL-FUZZY MODELS
Authors: Pakhomova V. M. , Mandybura Y. S.
Published: April 2020

Purpose. Modern algorithms for choosing the shortest route, for example, the Bellman-Ford and Dijkstra algorithms, which are currently widely used in existing routing protocols (RIP, OSPF), do not always lead to an effective result. Therefore, there is a need to study the possibility of organizing routing in in the railway network of information and telecommunication system (ITS) using the methods of artificial intelligence. Methodology. On the basis of the simulation model created in the OPNET modeling system a fragment of the ITS railway network was considered and the following samples were formed: training, testing, and control one. For modeling a neural-fuzzy network (hybrid system) in the the MatLAB system the following parameters are input: packet length (three term sets), traffic intensity (five term sets), and the number of intermediate routers that make up the route (four term sets). As the resulting characteristic, the time spent by the packet in the routers along its route in the ITS network (four term sets) was taken. On the basis of a certain time of packet residence in the routers and queue delays on the routers making up different paths (with the same number of the routers) the optimal route was determined. Findings. For the railway ITS fragment under consideration, a forecast was made of the packet residence time in the routers along its route based on the neural-fuzzy network created in the MatLAB system. The authors conducted the study of the average error of the neural-fuzzy network`s training with various membership functions and according to the different methods of training optimization. It was found that the smallest value of the average learning error is provided by the neuro-fuzzy network configuration 3–12–60–60–1 when using the symmetric Gaussian membership function according to the hybrid optimization method. Originality. According to the RIP and OSPF scenarios, the following characteristics were obtained on the simulation model created in the OPNET simulation system: average server load, average packet processing time by the router, average waiting time for packets in the queue, average number of lost packets, and network convergence time. It was determined that the best results are achieved by the simulation network model according to the OSPF scenario. The proposed integrated routing system in the ITS network of railway transport, which is based on the neural-fuzzy networks created, determines the optimal route in the network faster than the existing OSPF routing protocol. Practical value. An integrated routing system in the ITS system of railway transport will make it possible to determine the optimal route in the network with the same number of the routers that make up the packet path in real time.
INTEGRAL ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE OF RAILWAY TRAIN SAFETY DURING TECHNICAL AUDIT
Authors: A. M. Okorokov  , M. O. Bulakh
Published: April 2020

Purpose. The research aims at developing an integrated assessment of the state of train safety at the railway during technical audit. Methodology. To develop an integrated assessment of the safety condition of train traffic at the railway during technical audit, it was proposed to use weight coefficients proportional to the impact of the negative consequences of catastrophes, accidents, incidents that characterize the state of train traffic safety violations at the railways. It was also suggested an orientation to the main indicators of train traffic safety in Ukrzaliznytsia JSC, which include: material damage, the number of traffic safety violations and technical equipment failures. Findings. The authors have developed an integrated assessment of the train safety state in the conditions of Ukrzaliznytsia JSC, which is a complex value designed to assess the overall level of traffic safety during technical audit. The authors also obtained models for the integrated assessment of train safety in Ukrzaliznytsia JSC with weight coefficients that allow more adequately reflecting the state of safety. These models can be used during technical audit of the entire railway, its individual enterprise or organization to find out the real threats and risks that have already arisen, and which need to be paid more attention to ensure a higher level of train safety. Originality. The authors firstly proposed, when conducting a technical audit, to use the developed models for an integrated assessment of train safety in Ukrzaliznytsia JSC with weight coefficients that allow us to assess the overall level of traffic safety and establish real threats and risks. Practical value. Based on the obtained models, for an integral assessment of train safety, technical audit of the entire railway or its separate unit can be performed with the proposal to implement appropriate measures to influence existing sources of danger in order to reduce risks and increase the local or general level of train traffic safety.
RISK ASSESSMENT WITH THE USE OF THE MONTE-CARLO METHOD
Authors: Amelina L. V. , Biliaiev M. M. , Berlov O. V. , Cherednychenko L. A.
Published: April 2020

Purpose. This work involves the development of a numerical model for the calculation of chemical contamination zones in the event of ammonia accident at the pumping station, as well as a model for assessing the risk of damage and wound depth in the body in case of fragments scattering formed during the pipeline explosion at the pumping station. Methodology. To solve this problem, we used the mass transfer equation for the ammonia propagation in the air. A potential flow model is used to calculate the air flow velocity field in the presence of buildings at the ammonia pumping station. The numerical solution of the three-dimensional equation for the velocity potential is derived by the cumulative approximation method. When using this numerical model, the irregular field of wind flow velocity, the change in vertical atmospheric diffusion coefficient with altitude, the ammonia emission intensity, the emission point of the chemical substance were taken into account. A differential splitting scheme was used to numerically solve the ammonia transfer equation in the air. Physical splitting of the three-dimensional mass transfer equation to a system of equations describing the contaminant transfer in one coordinate direction is carried out beforehand. At each step of splitting, the unknown value of ammonia concentration is determined by an explicit scheme of point-to-point computation. A mathematical model for calculating the fragments scattering in case of emergency at the pumping station is considered. Findings. On the basis of the developed numerical model, a computational experiment was conducted to estimate the level of air pollution at the ammonia pumping station. The area of possible damage of people during the fragment scattering during the explosion at the ammonia pumping station was determined. Originality. A numerical model has been developed that allows calculating the chemical contamination zones in case of emergency ammonia emission at the pumping station. The model is complemented by assessment of impact zones in case of fragment scattering during the pumping station explosion. Practical value. Based on the developed mathematical model, a computer program was created, which allows performing serial calculations for determining the impact zones during emergency situations at the chemically hazardous objects. The mathematical model developed can be used to perform serial calculations during the development of emergency response plan for chemically hazardous objects.