bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pain Management in Four‐Limb Amputation: A Case Report
Authors: Warner Nafisseh S. , Warner Matthew A. , Moeschler Susan M. , Hoelzer Bryan C.
Published: May 2015

Acute pain following amputation can be challenging to treat due to multiple underlying mechanisms and variable clinical responses to treatment. Furthermore, poorly controlled preoperative pain is a risk factor for developing chronic pain. Evidence suggests that epidural analgesia and peripheral nerve blockade may decrease the severity of residual limb pain and the prevalence of phantom pain after lower extremity amputation. We present the perioperative analgesic management of a patient with gangrene of the bilateral upper and lower extremities as a result of septic shock and prolonged vasopressor administration who underwent four‐limb amputation in a single procedure. A multimodal analgesic regimen was utilized, including titration of preoperative opioid and neuropathic pain agents, perioperative intravenous, epidural and peripheral nerve catheter infusions, and postoperative oral medication titration. More than 8 months postoperatively, the patient has satisfactory pain control with no evidence for phantom limb pain. To our knowledge, there have been no publications to date concerning analgesic regimens in four‐limb amputation.
Political Psychology: Submissions, Acceptances, Downloads, and Citations
Authors: Mintz Alex , Mograbi Eli
Published: May 2015

Political Psychology has experienced a marked increase in the number of submissions, downloads, citations, and global exposure over the past few years. It is also a more influential journal than it was at the beginning of the decade. Specifically, the journal is now available in more than 4,200 libraries worldwide, compared with 2,200 five years ago; the number of downloads has recently increased to more than 620,000(!), compared with about 100,000 five years ago; the number of new submissions has increased drastically over the past five years to more than 300 per year; and the impact factor has risen to 1.771—the highest in the history of the journal. In 2014 alone, more than 40 articles published in the journal have been downloaded more than 500 times each. In this article, we analyze submissions to Political Psychology, acceptances, downloads, and citations by area of study and methodology.
Chamber wall interactions with HBr/Cl2/O2 plasmas
Authors: Srivastava Ashutosh K. , Ohashi Tomohiro , Donnelly Vincent M.
Published: May 2015

The authors have studied the interaction of HBr/Cl2/O2 inductively coupled plasmas with reactor chamber wall deposits, with and without Si etching, using the “spinning wall” technique. The spinning wall is part of the reactor chamber walls, allowing near-real-time analysis of the composition of surface layers via Auger electron spectrometry and determination of species desorbing off the walls by mass spectrometry. In HBr plasmas with no bias voltage on the Si substrate, and hence no Si etching, HBr is ∼30% dissociated, and H2 and Br2 form in the plasma. Layers deposited on the reactor chamber contained little if any Br under these conditions. Adding O2 to an HBr plasma leads to formation of H2O and increased Br2 (compared to a pure HBr plasma) products that desorb from the spinning wall. H2O has a very long residence time on the surface. With bias voltage applied to the Si substrate in an HBr plasma, mass spectrometer signals are prominent for SiBr and SiBr3, and weaker for SiBr2, SiBr4, Si2Br4, Si2Br5, and Si2OBr5. Under these conditions, a SiOxBry layer deposits on the spinning wall. Adding 20% O2 to HBr stops etching and eliminates Br from the surface layer, indicating that Br on the reactor walls is a result of SiBrx impingement and not from bromination by impinging Br. With HBr/Cl2 plasmas and no bias on the stage, a SiOxCly layer deposits, and no Br is detected. HCl, BrCl, and Br2 were detected in the line-of-sight leak, around the spinning wall, of a HBr/Cl2 (1:1) gas mixture in the absence of a plasma. Residence time analysis of species in the chamber and a change in the product distribution with a change in the composition of the layer deposited on the chamber wall suggest that reactions forming these products in the absence of a plasma occur on the reactor walls. With a plasma and bias on the Si substrate, both Br and Cl incorporate in the layer, and a rich spectrum with numerous SiClxBry peaks was observed up to at least 500 amu. The spectrum does not change with the addition of 6% O2. Adding 20% O2 suppresses Br adsorption, but Cl still adsorbs. In 40% O2/HBr/Cl2 plasmas with stage bias, Cl adsorption also ceases and no etching products are observed in the mass spectrum.
Determination of the number density of excited and ground Zn atoms during rf magnetron sputtering of ZnO target
Authors: Maaloul L. , Gangwar R. K. , Stafford L.
Published: May 2015

A combination of optical absorption spectroscopy (OAS) and optical emission spectroscopy measurements was used to monitor the number density of Zn atoms in excited 4s4p (3P2 and 3P0) metastable states as well as in ground 4s2 (1S0) state in a 5 mTorr Ar radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering plasma used for the deposition of ZnO-based thin films. OAS measurements revealed an increase by about one order of magnitude of Zn 3P2 and 3P0 metastable atoms by varying the self-bias voltage on the ZnO target from −115 to −300 V. Over the whole range of experimental conditions investigated, the triplet-to-singlet metastable density ratio was 5 ± 1, which matches the statistical weight ratio of these states in Boltzmann equilibrium. Construction of a Boltzmann plot using all Zn I emission lines in the 200–500 nm revealed a constant excitation temperature of 0.33 ± 0.04 eV. In combination with measured populations of Zn 3P2 and 3P0 metastable atoms, this temperature was used to extrapolate the absolute number density of ground state Zn atoms. The results were found to be in excellent agreement with those obtained previously by actinometry on Zn atoms using Ar as the actinometer gas [L. Maaloul and L. Stafford, J. Vac. Sci. Technol., A 31, 061306 (2013)]. This set of data was then correlated to spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements of the deposition rate of Zn atoms on a Si substrate positioned at 12 cm away from the ZnO target. The deposition rate scaled linearly with the number density of Zn atoms. In sharp contrast with previous studies on RF magnetron sputtering of Cu targets, these findings indicate that metastable atoms play a negligible role on the plasma deposition dynamics of Zn-based coatings.
Novel method for in-situ and simultaneous nanofriction and nanowear characterization of materials
Authors: Broitman Esteban , Flores-Ruiz Francisco J.
Published: May 2015

Nowadays, there is an increased need to know the nanotribological properties of protective coatings used in part devices operating under nano- and microcontact situations, e.g., hard disk drives, magnetic heads, microelectromechanical systems and microsensors, etc. Therefore, there is a demand for instruments and methods testing friction and wear at the nano- and microscales. In this work, the authors present a new methodology to measure simultaneously the friction, and wear of a surface. The authors have designed an experiment, where a probe is permanently scanning a 10 μm track in a reciprocal movement. Different loads are applied in order to obtain the topographic information which is used to calculate the wear rate and roughness evolution. Force lateral sensors register simultaneously the friction force variations. The experimental input data are information vectors that contain: load (μN), friction force (μN), vertical Z displacement (nm), lateral X displacement (nm), and time (s). The data are processed using a simple program running in MathLab® which eliminates the thermal drift. The software output gives the resulting friction coefficient, track roughness, and wear rate as a function of the running cycles of the probe. The new method builds a novel bridge to relate tribological mechanisms at different scales.
Tandem phosphorylation within an intrinsically disordered region regulates ACTN4 function
Authors: Travers Timothy , Shao Hanshuang , Joughin Brian A. , Lauffenburger Douglas A. , Wells Alan , Camacho Carlos J.
Published: May 2015

Phosphorylation of a tyrosine in the disordered N-terminal region of ACTN4 functions as a switch exposing a second site for phosphorylation.
HER2-mTOR signaling–driven breast cancer cells require ER-associated degradation to survive
Authors: Singh Navneet , Joshi Rashika , Komurov Kakajan
Published: May 2015

Exploiting the dependence of some cancer cells on an ER stress response pathway may overcome resistance to some chemotherapeutics.
Integrating integrin inhibition
Authors: Colmone Angela
Published: May 2015

An α
v
β
1
inhibitor attenuated pulmonary and liver fibrosis in mouse models.
History and Practice: Antibodies in Infectious Diseases
Authors: Hey Adam
Published: May 2015

Antibodies and passive antibody therapy in the treatment of infectious diseases is the story of a treatment concept which dates back more than 120 years, to the 1890s, when the use of serum from immunized animals provided the first effective treatment options against infections with
Clostridium tetani
and
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
. However, after the discovery of penicillin by Fleming in 1928, and the subsequent introduction of the much cheaper and safer antibiotics in the 1930s, serum therapy was largely abandoned. However, the broad and general use of antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine has resulted in the development of multi-resistant strains of bacteria with limited to no response to existing treatments and the need for alternative treatment options. The combined specificity and flexibility of antibody-based treatments makes them very valuable tools for designing specific antibody treatments to infectious agents. These attributes have already caused a revolution in new antibody-based treatments in oncology and inflammatory diseases, with many approved products. However, only one monoclonal antibody, palivizumab, for the prevention and treatment of respiratory syncytial virus, is approved for infectious diseases. The high cost of monoclonal antibody therapies, the need for parallel development of diagnostics, and the relatively small markets are major barriers for their development in the presence of cheap antibiotics. It is time to take a new and revised look into the future to find appropriate niches in infectious diseases where new antibody-based treatments or combinations with existing antibiotics, could prove their value and serve as stepping stones for broader acceptance of the potential for and value of these treatments.
Use of Human Hybridoma Technology To Isolate Human Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Smith Scott A. , Crowe, Jr. James E.
Published: May 2015

The human hybridoma technique offers an important approach for isolation of human monoclonal antibodies. A diversity of approaches can be used with varying success. Recent technical advances in expanding the starting number of human antigen-specific B cells, improving fusion efficiency, and isolating new myeloma partners and new cell cloning methods have enabled the development of protocols that make the isolation of human monoclonal antibodies from blood samples feasible. Undoubtedly, additional innovations that could improve efficiency are possible.
Site-specific non-LTR retrotransposons
Authors: Fujiwara Haruhiko
Published: May 2015

Although most of non-long terminal repeat (non-LTR) retrotransposons are incorporated in the host genome almost randomly, some non-LTR retrotransposons are incorporated into specific sequences within a target site. On the basis of structural and phylogenetic features, non-LTR retrotransposons are classified into two large groups, restriction enzyme-like endonuclease (RLE)-encoding elements and apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (APE)-encoding elements. All clades of RLE-encoding non-LTR retrotransposons include site-specific elements. However, only two of more than 20 APE-encoding clades, Tx1 and R1, contain site-specific non-LTR elements. Site-specific non-LTR retrotransposons usually target within multi-copy RNA genes, such as rRNA gene (rDNA) clusters, or repetitive genomic sequences, such as telomeric repeats; this behavior may be a symbiotic strategy to reduce the damage to the host genome. Site- and sequence-specificity are variable even among closely related non-LTR elements and appeared to have changed during evolution. In the APE-encoding elements, the primary determinant of the sequence- specific integration is APE itself, which nicks one strand of the target DNA during the initiation of target primed reverse transcription (TPRT). However, other factors, such as interaction between mRNA and the target DNA, and access to the target region in the nuclei also affect the sequence-specificity. In contrast, in the RLE-encoding elements, DNA-binding motifs appear to affect their sequence-specificity, rather than the RLE domain itself. Highly specific integration properties of these site-specific non-LTR elements make them ideal alternative tools for sequence-specific gene delivery, particularly for therapeutic purposes in human diseases.
Transposons Tn
10
and Tn
5
Authors: Haniford David B. , Ellis Michael J.
Published: May 2015

The study of the bacterial transposons Tn
10
and Tn
5
has provided a wealth of information regarding steps in nonreplicative DNA transposition, transpososome dynamics and structure, as well as mechanisms employed to regulate transposition. The focus of ongoing research on these transposons is mainly on host regulation and the use of the Tn
10
antisense system as a platform to develop riboregulators for applications in synthetic biology. Over the past decade two new regulators of both Tn
10
and Tn
5
transposition have been identified, namely H-NS and Hfq proteins. These are both global regulators of gene expression in enteric bacteria with functions linked to stress-response pathways and virulence and potentially could link the Tn
10
and Tn
5
systems (and thus the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes) to environmental cues. Work summarized here is consistent with the H-NS protein working directly on transposition complexes to upregulate both Tn
10
and Tn
5
transposition. In contrast, evidence is discussed that is consistent with Hfq working at the level of transposase expression to downregulate both systems. With regard to Tn
10
and synthetic biology, some recent work that incorporates the Tn
10
antisense RNA into both transcriptional and translational riboswitches is summarized.
Related Mechanisms of Antibody Somatic Hypermutation and Class Switch Recombination
Authors: Hwang* Joyce K. , Alt* Frederick W. , Yeap Leng-Siew
Published: May 2015

The primary antibody repertoire is generated by mechanisms involving the assembly of the exons that encode the antigen-binding variable regions of immunoglobulin heavy (IgH) and light (IgL) chains during the early development of B lymphocytes. After antigen-dependent activation, mature B lymphocytes can further alter theirIgHandIgLvariable region exons by the process of somatic hypermutation (SHM), which allows the selection of B cells in which SHMs resulted in the production of antibodies with increased antigen affinity. In addition, during antigen-dependent activation, B cells can also change the constant region of their IgH chain through a DNA double-strand-break (DSB) dependent process referred to as IgH class switch recombination (CSR), which generates B cell progeny that produce antibodies with different IgH constant region effector functions that are best suited for a elimination of a particular pathogen or in a particular setting. Both the mutations that underlie SHM and the DSBs that underlie CSR are initiated in target genes by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID). This review describes in depth the processes of SHM and CSR with a focus on mechanisms that direct AID cytidine deamination in activated B cells and mechanisms that promote the differential outcomes of such cytidine deamination.
The λ Integrase Site-specific Recombination Pathway
Authors: Landy Arthur
Published: May 2015

The site-specific recombinase encoded by bacteriophage λ (Int) is responsible for integrating and excising the viral chromosome into and out of the chromosome of itsEscherichia colihost. Int carries out a reaction that is highly directional, tightly regulated, and depends upon an ensemble of accessory DNA bending proteins acting on 240 bp of DNA encoding 16 protein binding sites. This additional complexity enables two pathways, integrative and excisive recombination, whose opposite, and effectively irreversible, directions are dictated by different physiological and environmental signals. Int recombinase is a heterobivalent DNA binding protein and each of the four Int protomers, within a multiprotein 400 kDa recombinogenic complex, is thought to bind and, with the aid of DNA bending proteins, bridge one arm- and one core-type DNA site. In the 12 years since the publication of the last review focused solely on the λ site-specific recombination pathway inMobile DNA II, there has been a great deal of progress in elucidating the molecular details of this pathway. The most dramatic advances in our understanding of the reaction have been in the area of X-ray crystallography where protein-DNA structures have now been determined for of all of the DNA-protein interfaces driving the Int pathway. Building on this foundation of structures, it has been possible to derive models for the assembly of components that determine the regulatory apparatus in the P-arm, and for the overall architectures that define excisive and integrative recombinogenic complexes. The most fundamental additional mechanistic insights derive from the application of hexapeptide inhibitors and single molecule kinetics.
Replication and Maintenance of Linear Phage-Plasmid N15
Authors: Ravin Nikolai V.
Published: May 2015

The lambdoid phage N15 of
Escherichia coli
is very unusual among temperate phages in that its prophage is not integrated into the chromosome but is a linear plasmid molecule with covalently closed ends (telomeres). Upon infection, the phage DNA circularizes via cohesive ends, and then a special phage enzyme of the tyrosine recombinase family, protelomerase, cuts at another site and joins the ends, forming hairpin telomeres of the linear plasmid prophage. Replication of the N15 prophage is initiated at an internally located
ori
site and proceeds bidirectionally, resulting in the formation of duplicated telomeres. The N15 protelomerase cuts them, generating two linear plasmid molecules with hairpin telomeres. Stable inheritance of the plasmid prophage is ensured by a partitioning operon similar to the F factor
sop
operon. Unlike the F centromere, the N15 centromere consists of four inverted repeats dispersed in the genome. The multiplicity and dispersion of centromeres are required for efficient partitioning of a linear plasmid. The centromeres are located in the N15 genome regions involved in phage replication and control of lytic development, and binding of partition proteins at these sites regulates these processes. The family of N15-like linear phage-plasmids includes lambdoid phages ɸKO2 and pY54, as well as
Myoviridae
phages ΦHAP-1, VHML, VP882, Vp58.5, and vB_VpaM_MAR of marine gamma-proteobacteria. The genomes of these phages contain similar protelomerase genes, lysogeny control modules, and replication genes, suggesting that these phages may belong to a group diverged from a common ancestor.
The CRISPR-Cas Immune System and Genetic Transfers: Reaching an Equilibrium
Authors: Samson Julie E. , Magadan Alfonso H. , Moineau Sylvain
Published: May 2015

Horizontal gene transfer drives the evolution of bacterial genomes, including the adaptation to changing environmental conditions. Exogenous DNA can enter a bacterial cell through transformation (free DNA or plasmids) or through the transfer of mobile genetic elements by conjugation (plasmids) and transduction (bacteriophages). Favorable genes can be acquired, but undesirable traits can also be inadvertently acquired through these processes. Bacteria have systems, such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat CRISPR–associated genes (CRISPR-Cas), that can cleave foreign nucleic acid molecules. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding CRISPR-Cas system activity against mobile genetic element transfer through transformation and conjugation. We also highlight how CRISPR-Cas systems influence bacterial evolution and how CRISPR-Cas components affect plasmid replication.
Interacting new agegraphic version of pilgrim dark energy
Authors: Jawad Abdul , Abbas G.
Published: May 2015

We discuss the cosmological evolution of the interacting pilgrim dark energy (DE) with conformal age of the universe in flat FRW universe. We evaluate the equation of state (EoS) parameter for three different values of interacting parameter which evolutes the universe from matter dominated to phantom-like eras by evolving quintessence as well as vacuum DE eras. We also give the correspondence of the present DE model with quintessence, tachyon, k-essence, dilaton and DBI-essence scalar field models. We discuss the dynamics of scalar field and corresponding potentials. We find that the behavior of scalar field, corresponding potentials and kinetic energy terms (in k-essence and dilaton field) consistent with the present day observations. Also, cosmological planes such as [Formula: see text] and r - s planes corresponds to ΛCDM limit.
Remarks on generalized Fedosov algebras
Authors: Dobrski Michał
Published: May 2015

The variant of Fedosov construction based on fairly general fiberwise product in the Weyl bundle is studied. We analyze generalized star products of functions, of sections of endomorphisms bundle, and those generating deformed bimodule structure as introduced previously by Waldmann. Isomorphisms of generalized Fedosov algebras are considered and their relevance for deriving Seiberg–Witten map is described. The existence of the trace functional is established. Explicit expressions for star products and the trace functional are provided up to the second power of deformation parameter. The example of symmetric part of noncommutativity tensor is discussed as a case with possible field-theoretic application.
Factors of almost squares and lattice points on circles
Authors: Chan Tsz Ho
Published: May 2015

In this paper, we consider a conjecture of Erdős and Rosenfeld and a conjecture of Ruzsa when the number is an almost square. By the same method, we consider lattice points of a circle close to the x-axis with special radii.
Anomalous Kink Effect in Low-Dimensional Gate-Recessed Fully Depleted SOI MOSFET at Low Temperature
Authors: Karsenty Avi , Chelly Avraham
Published: May 2015

Nanoscale MOSFETs Gate-Recessed Channel (GRC) device with a silicon channel thickness (t SI ) as low as 2.2 nm was first tested at room temperature for functionality check, and then tested at low temperature (77 K) for I–V characterizations. In spite of its FD-SOI nanoscale thickness, the GRC device has surprisingly exhibited a Kink Effect in the output characteristics at 77 K. The anomalous Kink Effect can be explained by the increase of the lateral electric field in the drain junction with the channel extension zone when lowering the temperature.
Reduced Graphene Oxide-Based Assay for Real-Time Monitoring of Cancer Cell Viability
Authors: Wu Jing , Tang Yang , Shi Zengliang , Tian Zhengshan , Wang Junhua , Yang Chi , Li Jitao , Xiao Zhongdang , Xu Chunxiang
Published: May 2015

Viability of cancer cell is an important indicator of physiological state and function of cells, which can be effected by the change of pH in the medium solution, due to the increase of carbon oxide and lactic acid caused by respiration. Although many methods have been developed to detect the viability of cells, mostly based on cytochemical staining and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology are time consuming. In this paper, an electronic device was made by thermal reduced graphene oxide (RGO) for detection of cancer cell viability in real-time. This electronic device could be used to monitor the metabolic activity and viability of cancer cells based on the change in pH value. As the pH decreases, colon cancer cells loose viability and the current decreases. This RGO device is simple, sensitive and label-free and could serve as a platform for detection of cells and drug testing.
Colorimetric Detection of Cr3+ in Aqueous Solution Based on Cofunctionalized Silver Nanoparticles Modified with 4-Nitrobenzenethiol and 4-Mercaptobenzoic Acid
Authors: Zhang Zhikun , Zhou Ying , Yang Jing-Kui , Wang Peilong , Su Xiaoou , Zhao Hong , He Yujian , Cao Zhiqin , Luo Maoqiang
Published: May 2015

A new method has been proposed to realize the visual detection of Cr 3+ using 4-nitrobenzenethiol (4-NBT) and 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) modified silver nanoparticles ( AgNPs ). The presence of Cr 3+ induces the aggregation of AgNPs through cooperative metal–ligand interaction, resulting in a color change from bright yellow to purple. Consequently, Cr 3+ could be monitored by colorimetric response of AgNPs by a UV-Vis spectrophotometer or even naked eyes. We firstly used ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) as a masking agent to selectively detect Cr 3+, and other metal ions have little influence on the Cr 3+– AgNPs system. The cofunctionalized AgNPs exhibited a highly sensitive detection limit of Cr 3+, which is as low as 5 × 10-9 mol L-1, and the absorbance ratio (A600nm/A387nm) is linear with the concentration of Cr 3+ ranging from 5 × 10-9 mol L-1 to 2 × 10-6 mol L-1 with a coefficient of 0.993. Particularly, the sensor has been further evaluated to monitor the concentration of Cr 3+ in drinking water, the recovery was in good agreement with those obtained by ICP-MS, indicating that this proposed method is successfully applied in real samples.
Communication Optimizations for Multithreaded Code Generation from Simulink Models
Authors: Huang Kai , Yu Min , Yan Rongjie , Zhang Xiaomeng , Yan Xiaolang , Brisolara Lisane , Jerraya Ahmed Amine , Feng Jiong
Published: May 2015

Communication frequency is increasing with the growing complexity of emerging embedded applications and the number of processors in the implemented multiprocessor SoC architectures. In this article, we consider the issue of communication cost reduction during multithreaded code generation from partitioned Simulink models to help designers in code optimization to improve system performance. We first propose a technique combining message aggregation and communication pipeline methods, which groups communications with the same destinations and sources and parallelizes communication and computation tasks. We also present a method to apply static analysis and dynamic emulation for efficient communication buffer allocation to further reduce synchronization cost and increase processor utilization. The existing cyclic dependency in the mapped model may hinder the effectiveness of the two techniques. We further propose a set of optimizations involving repartition with strongly connected threads to maximize the degree of communication reduction and preprocessing strategies with available delays in the model to reduce the number of communication channels that cannot be optimized. Experimental results demonstrate the advantages of the proposed optimizations with 11--143% throughput improvement.
Energy-Efficient and High-Performance Lock Speculation Hardware for Embedded Multicore Systems
Authors: Papagiannopoulou Dimitra , Capodanno Giuseppe , Moreshet Tali , Herlihy Maurice , Bahar R. Iris
Published: May 2015

Embedded systems are becoming increasingly common in everyday life and like their general-purpose counterparts, they have shifted towards shared memory multicore architectures. However, they are much more resource constrained, and as they often run on batteries, energy efficiency becomes critically important. In such systems, achieving high concurrency is a key demand for delivering satisfactory performance at low energy cost. In order to achieve this high concurrency, consistency across the shared memory hierarchy must be accomplished in a cost-effective manner in terms of performance, energy, and implementation complexity. In this article, we propose Embedded-Spec, a hardware solution for supporting transparent lock speculation, without the requirement for special supporting instructions. Using this approach, we evaluate the energy consumption and performance of a suite of benchmarks, exploring a range of contention management and retry policies. We conclude that for resource-constrained platforms, lock speculation can provide real benefits in terms of improved concurrency and energy efficiency, as long as the underlying hardware support is carefully configured.
Fireflies
Authors: Johansen Håvard D. , Renesse Robbert Van , Vigfusson Ymir , Johansen Dag
Published: May 2015

An attacker who controls a computer in an overlay network can effectively control the entire overlay network if the mechanism managing membership information can successfully be targeted. This article describes Fireflies, an overlay network protocol that fights such attacks by organizing members in a verifiable pseudorandom structure so that an intruder cannot incorrectly modify the membership views of correct members. Fireflies provides each member with a view of the entire membership, and supports networks with moderate total churn. We evaluate Fireflies using both simulations and PlanetLab to show that Fireflies is a practical approach for secure membership maintenance in such networks.
The science of managing data science
Authors: Matsudaira Kate
Published: May 2015

Lessons learned managing a data science research team.
Lazarus code
Authors: Neville-Neil George V.
Published: May 2015

No one expects the Spanish Acquisition.
Implications of Emerging 3D GPU Architecture on the Scan Primitive
Authors: Power Jason , Li Yinan , Hill Mark D. , Patel Jignesh M. , Wood David A.
Published: May 2015

Analytic database workloads are growing in data size and query complexity. At the same time, computer architects are struggling to continue the meteoric increase in performance enabled by Moore's Law. We explore the impact of two emerging architectural trends which may help continue the Moore's Law performance trend for analytic database workloads, namely 3D die-stacking and tight accelerator-CPU integration, specifically GPUs. GPUs have evolved from fixed-function units, to programmable discrete chips, and now are integrated with CPUs in most manufactured chips. Past efforts to use GPUs for analytic query processing have not had widespread practical impact, but it is time to re-examine and re-optimize database algorithms for massively data-parallel architectures. We argue that high-throughput data-parallel accelerators are likely to play a big role in future systems as they can be easily exploited by database systems and are becoming ubiquitous. Using the simple scan primitive as an example, we create a starting point for this discussion. We project the performance of both CPUs and GPUs in emerging 3D systems and show that the high-throughput data-parallel architecture of GPUs is more efficient in these future systems. We show that if database designers embrace emerging 3D architectures, there is possibly an order of magnitude performance and energy efficiency gain.
Can Rituximab Improve the Outcome of Patients with Nodular Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin's Lymphoma?
Authors: Mocikova Heidi , Pytlik Robert , Stepankova Pavla , Michalka Jozef , Markova Jana , Koren Jan , Buresova Lucie , Raida Ludek , Kral Zdenek
Published: May 2015

Background: Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin's lymphoma (NLPHL) is a rare subtype of Hodgkin's lymphoma showing strong CD20 expression. The role of rituximab in treating NLPHL still needs clarification. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the outcome of 23 patients with NLPHL treated with rituximab alone or in combination with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy as part of their first- or second-line treatment. Results: The median follow-up of the whole group was 67 months, and all patients remained alive. Twenty-two patients achieved complete remission after rituximab-based therapy, and one of them relapsed 32 months after treatment. One patient treated with rituximab alone achieved partial remission and progressed 22 months after treatment. Conclusion: The prognosis of NLPHL is excellent. Rituximab combined with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy appears to prevent disease progression/relapse.
Pretenziia Dispute Resolution in Ukraine: Formal and Informal Transformation
Authors: Kyselova Tatiana
Published: May 2015

Pretenziia, a pre-action exchange of formal letters aimed at the settlement of disputes among businesses, used to be a prerequisite to filing a lawsuit under Soviet law. Although Ukrainian legislators have marginalized pretenziia by transforming it into a completely voluntary private dispute-resolution tool, this article—based on the findings of a five-year qualitative case study—demonstrates that Ukrainian businesses continue to use and, in fact, creatively have adjusted pretenziia to the accelerated speed of a market economy. We argue that further deregulation will damage this valuable dispute-resolution institution. Instead, it is proposed that pretenziia should be integrated into current debates on alternative dispute resolution (adr) in Ukraine and should serve as an on-the-ground foundation to support the introduction in the Ukrainian legal fabric of mediation and other adr mechanisms.
State Responsibility and Prevention in the Responsibility to Protect
Authors: Jacob Cecilia
Published: May 2015

This article responds to the 2013 un Secretary General’s (unsg) annual report on the Responsibility to Protect (r2p), titled ‘State Responsibility and Prevention’. The orientation of r2p as a tool for addressing risk factors for atrocity crimes in domestic contexts indicates a conceptual deepening and widening of r2p to provide states with an atrocity prevention lens within their jurisdiction. This article examines state policies and practices of protecting civilians during communal violence in India, arguing that progress on the First Pillar of r2p necessitates a conceptual shift at both the international level and at the domestic level. The politics surrounding communal violence in India provides an important case study to question the salience of r2p norms for domestic practices of state responsibility and prevention that are currently being promoted in the unsg agenda on r2p, and considers the implications this report has for states committed to a narrow interpretation of r2p.
The Climatic Importance of Uncertainties in Regional Aerosol–Cloud Radiative Forcings over Recent Decades
Authors: Regayre Leighton A. , Pringle Kirsty J. , Lee Lindsay A. , Rap Alexandru , Browse Jo , Mann Graham W. , Reddington Carly L. , Carslaw Ken S. , Booth Ben B. B. , Woodhouse Matthew T.
Published: May 2015

Regional patterns of aerosol radiative forcing are important for understanding climate change on decadal time scales. Uncertainty in aerosol forcing is likely to vary regionally and seasonally because of the short aerosol lifetime and heterogeneous emissions. Here the sensitivity of regional aerosol cloud albedo effect (CAE) forcing to 31 aerosol process parameters and emission fluxes is quantified between 1978 and 2008. The effects of parametric uncertainties on calculations of the balance of incoming and outgoing radiation are found to be spatially and temporally dependent. Regional uncertainty contributions of opposite sign cancel in global-mean forcing calculations, masking the regional importance of some parameters. Parameters that contribute little to uncertainty in Earth’s global energy balance during recent decades make significant contributions to regional forcing variance. Aerosol forcing sensitivities are quantified within 11 climatically important regions, where surface temperatures are thought to influence large-scale climate effects. Substantial simulated uncertainty in CAE forcing in the eastern Pacific leaves open the possibility that apparent shifts in the mean ENSO state may result from a forced aerosol signal on multidecadal time scales. A likely negative aerosol CAE forcing in the tropical North Atlantic calls into question the relationship between Northern Hemisphere aerosol emission reductions and CAE forcing of sea surface temperatures in the main Atlantic hurricane development region on decadal time scales. Simulated CAE forcing uncertainty is large in the North Pacific, suggesting that the role of the CAE in altering Pacific tropical storm frequency and intensity is also highly uncertain.
Amid the Ruins of Time: The Classics as Modernist Project in Gadamer and Seferis
Authors: Apostol Ricardo
Published: May 2015

Both the German philosopher Hans-Georg Gadamer and the Greek poet Giorgos Seferis attempted to solve the problem of classical reception by connecting the modern reader with the poetry of ancient Greece. Read according to Gadamer, Seferis's poetry of the 1930s articulates and enacts the classical world's final gasp, as its supposedly timeless significance and power is used one last time in order to inaugurate its relegation to the category of the insignificant, the arbitrary, the personal, and merely local. This abdication of the Classics' claim to universality under the aegis of their own authority could only be managed without paradox by a Greek poet, in whose work the transition from Classical to “merely Greek” could occur seamlessly and without contradiction. In turn, the poetry of Seferis reveals that Gadamer's hermeneutic enterprise is in essence a late attempt to justify the modernist project in the postmodern period.
The origin of the mammalian kidney: implications for recreating the kidney in vitro
Authors: Takasato Minoru , Little Melissa H.
Published: May 2015

The mammalian kidney, the metanephros, is a mesodermal organ classically regarded as arising from the intermediate mesoderm (IM). Indeed, both the ureteric bud (UB), which gives rise to the ureter and the collecting ducts, and the metanephric mesenchyme (MM), which forms the rest of the kidney, derive from the IM. Based on an understanding of the signalling molecules crucial for IM patterning and kidney morphogenesis, several studies have now generated UB or MM, or both, in vitro via the directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. Although these results support the IM origin of the UB and the MM, they challenge the simplistic view of a common progenitor for these two populations, prompting a reanalysis of early patterning events within the IM. Here, we review our understanding of the origin of the UB and the MM in mouse, and discuss how this impacts on kidney regeneration strategies and furthers our understanding of human development.
Computational Study on Thermal Spin-Crossover Behavior for Coordination Polymers Possessing trans-[Fe(NCS)2(pyridine)4] Unit
Authors: Kaneko Masashi , Nakashima Satoru
Published: May 2015

Fe(II) spin-crossover (SCO) phenomenon for fifteen sets of coordination polymers possessing a trans-[Fe(NCS)2(pyridine)4] unit is investigated by means of density functional calculations. Constrained geometry optimization is applied to Fe(NCS)2(pyridine)4 models by fixing the dihedral angle between Fe-NCS axis and pyridine plane. Zero-point corrected energy difference between HS and LS, ΔE0HL, by TPSSh single point calculation reproduces successfully the experimental SCO-on and SCO-off behaviors for most compounds. In order to investigate the origin of whether SCO behavior occurs or not, we perform Mulliken’s overlap population analysis to wavefunction in valence region. Overlap population between d-orbital of Fe atom and all atomic orbitals of six N atoms enables us to assign the kind of d-orbital type molecular orbitals. Calculating ligand field splitting (Δo) obtained by population analysis, we find good correlation between Δo of LS and ΔE0HL indicating that the bonding of LS state depends on the switching behavior of SCO-on/off. Furthermore, combining the ligand field theory with quantum chemical calculation, we obtain the Δo value of the crossing point where ΔE0HL is zero as ca. 4.61 eV.
Navigating spheres, shifts in emphasis: The documentary, the video essay and the social
Authors: Charlesworth Amy
Published: May 2015

The documentary is often perceived as an officiated item, a ‘public’ record of sorts. The essay is seen as a personal and introspective device. This article will argue that certain artistic practices that work within an expanded and historicised sense of the documentary – specifically, the genre of the ‘video essay’ – provide new vicissitudes through which to examine the heteronymous character of the aesthetic mode as it has developed in political art praxis of the last fifteen to twenty years. More broadly, this article will examine how works such as these re-engage with the politics of representation debates of the 1920s/1930s and 1970s, despite the tendency for the rejection of ‘representation’ in relational or, indeed, post-relational art practices of recent years.
Reviews
Authors: Morris David , Fernie Jes , Gogarty Larne Abse , Bowman Matthew
Published: May 2015

‘Hlysnan: The Notion and Politics of Listening’, Casino Luxembourg, Luxembourg, 17 May–7 September 2014

Direct Urbanism, Transparadiso: Barbara Holub and Paul Rajakovics, Jane Rendell, Paul O’Neill and Mick Wilson (2013) Nurnberg: Verlag fur Moderne Kunst, 216 pp., colour illustrations, ISBN-10: 3869844086 (Language: English, German), p/bk, £25

‘Announcer’, Focal Point Gallery, Southend, United Kingdom, 14 April–12 July 2014

Owning the Immaterial: Art, Technology and Culture Symposium, Firstsite, Colchester, FRIDAY 30 May 2014
Locating Simon Critchley’s ‘interstitial distance’ in the practices of The Freee Art Collective and Liberate Tate
Authors: Mahony Emma
Published: May 2015

In the art institutional landscape, a blurring of boundaries between the state and the market is effectively transforming public art institutions into semi-private ones. In response to these developments, a New Wave of critical institutionalism has recently emerged with the goal of contesting the neo-liberalization of the public art institution. Existing literature in this field reduces the strategies these critical institutions employ to a dichotomy between attempting to reform public art institutions from within, or abandoning them completely in order to set up alternatives that exist outside the state system and its market logic. The former thinking follows a strategy of ‘engagement-with’ as theorized by Chantal Mouffe, while the latter adheres to the post-Operaist strategy of ‘exodus’. Within the field of left-wing political philosophy these strategies have been challenged by a third position put forward by Simon Critchley, which proposes that radical politics should take place at an ‘interstitial distance’ from state institutions, a strategy that involves opening spaces of opposition against the state from within state territory. Although Critchley does not apply this thinking to the field of art, it is my contention that his strategy of interstitial distance offers a third path for the critical institution, one which, I argue, is exemplified in the practices of the UK-based art collectives: Freee and Liberate Tate.
The masculinization of dressing-up
Authors: Brownie Barbara
Published: May 2015

‘Dressing-up’ has often been seen as a gendered activity. In particular, costuming – the design and creation of costumes – has been viewed as a female pursuit. However, contemporary events and artefacts, particularly those related to fandom, frame dressing-up in contexts that are more acceptable to male audiences. Via cosplay, historical re-enactment, and the personalization of characters in online games such as World of Warcraft, a new generation of men are becoming more engaged with costume. This article will identify contemporary influences on the perception of the wearing and construction of costume, particularly with regards to costume as an expression of masculine ideals. It will discuss the costume as a marker of hypermasculinity, authority or preparedness, and identify how traditionally feminine domestic spaces and activities have been coopted by a new generation of males. It will present domestic activities such as sewing as rights-of-passage on the path towards masculinity.
The desire for the heel: Male fetishism and pop-fan culture around Prince
Authors: Schriever Carla
Published: May 2015

High heels represent femininity, seduction – a binary gender system, in which the wearer longs for the recognition of the gazer. Once connoted as signifiers of power, high heels have been transformed in a gendered fashion accessory designed for women. The singer and songwriter Prince has continuously worn them for almost four decades. His anti-normative dressing and gender expression techniques evoked an audience, which consist of a majority of fans who define themselves as heterosexual and male. The starting point for my research was the hypothesis that the artist’s non-normativity led to an anti-normative desire angle: a heterosexual male fan desiring his heterosexual male fan-object by fetishizing the artist’s high heels.
Liability of financial regulators for bank failures
Authors: Proctor Charles
Published: May 2015

Charles Proctor (Partner, Tite & Lewis)
reviews the basis in the UK and other jurisdictions for possible
legal actions against financial regulators. Article published in
Amicus Curiae - Journal of the Society for Advanced Legal
Studies. The Journal is produced by the Society for Advanced
Legal Studies at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies,
University of London.
Co-operative federalism in Australia - an intellectual resource for Europe I
Authors: French R.S.
Published: May 2015

Article by Justice R.S. French published in
Amicus Curiae - Journal of the Society for Advanced Legal
Studies. The Journal is produced by the Society for Advanced
Legal Studies at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies,
University of London.
Identität und Differenz
Authors: Jung Arlena
Published: May 2015

Die Systemtheorie Niklas Luhmanns beansprucht, einen Paradigmenwechsel von einer Identitäts- zu einer Differenzlogik zu vollziehen. Kann Sinn aber tatsächlich differenzlogisch verstanden werden? Das Buch widmet sich dieser Frage anhand zweier zentraler Erklärungsdefizite: Einerseits sind in den Kommunikationsprozessen zwischen Funktionssystemen Sinnstrukturen zu finden, die nicht differenzlogisch erklärt werden können (»Hybridisierung«, dargelegt an einer objektiv-hermeneutischen Analyse des »The President's Council on Bioethics«). Andererseits zeigt eine Exegese des Sinnbegriffs, dass Luhmann sich identitätslogischer Konzepte bedient, um die System/Umwelt-Wechselwirkung zu erklären.
Dinge sammeln
Authors: Wilde Denise
Published: May 2015

Was fasziniert Menschen am Sammeln trivialer Objekte? Welche Anstrengungen unternehmen Sammler/-innen, um ihre geliebten Objekte zu erhalten und für die Zukunft zu sichern? Welche Bedeutung kommt dabei dem Erwerb und dem Austausch von Wissen zu? Diesen und weiteren Fragen geht das Buch nach. Es schließt an kulturwissenschaftliche und bildungstheoretische Überlegungen zu der Bedeutung von Dingen an und greift aktuelle pädagogische Problemstellungen des material turn auf. Denise Wilde zeigt das Sammeln von Objekten als eine in Geschichte und Gegenwart verbreitete Kulturtechnik, die ebenso fantasievoll wie wissensreich ist. Durch eine ethnographische Analyse von Sammeltätigkeiten Erwachsener werden lebensweltliche Praktiken fokussiert, die für die Generierung, Vermittlung und Aneignung von Wissen relevant sind.