bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clear: Composition of Likelihoods for Evolve and Resequence Experiments
Authors: Iranmehr Arya , Akbari Ali , Schlötterer Christian , Bafna Vineet
Published: April 2017

The advent of next generation sequencing technologies has made whole-genome and whole-population sampling possible, even for eukaryotes with large genomes. With this development, experimental evolution studies can be designed to observe molecular evolution “in action” via evolve-and-resequence (E&R) experiments. Among other applications, E&R studies can be used to locate the genes and variants responsible for genetic adaptation. Most existing literature on time-series data analysis often assumes large population size, accurate allele frequency estimates, or wide time spans. These assumptions do not hold in many E&R studies. In this article, we propose a method—composition of likelihoods for evolve-and-resequence experiments (Clear)—to identify signatures of selection in small population E&R experiments. Clear takes whole-genome sequences of pools of individuals as input, and properly addresses heterogeneous ascertainment bias resulting from uneven coverage. Clear also provides unbiased estimates of model parameters, including population size, selection strength, and dominance, while being computationally efficient. Extensive simulations show that Clear achieves higher power in detecting and localizing selection over a wide range of parameters, and is robust to variation of coverage. We applied the Clear statistic to multiple E&R experiments, including data from a study of adaptation of Drosophila melanogaster to alternating temperatures and a study of outcrossing yeast populations, and identified multiple regions under selection with genome-wide significance.
Adipocyte Metabolic Pathways Regulated by Diet Control the Female Germline Stem Cell Lineage inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Matsuoka Shinya , Armstrong Alissa R , Sampson Leesa L , Laws Kaitlin M , Drummond-Barbosa Daniela
Published: April 2017

Two papers in this issue demonstrate novel proteomic approaches that enhance genetic analysis. Matsuoka et al. investigated how diet-regulated........

Nutrients affect adult stem cells through complex mechanisms involving multiple organs. Adipocytes are highly sensitive to diet and have key metabolic roles, and obesity increases the risk for many cancers. How diet-regulated adipocyte metabolic pathways influence normal stem cell lineages, however, remains unclear. Drosophila melanogaster has highly conserved adipocyte metabolism and a well-characterized female germline stem cell (GSC) lineage response to diet. Here, we conducted an isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) proteomic analysis to identify diet-regulated adipocyte metabolic pathways that control the female GSC lineage. On a rich (relative to poor) diet, adipocyte Hexokinase-C and metabolic enzymes involved in pyruvate/acetyl-CoA production are upregulated, promoting a shift of glucose metabolism toward macromolecule biosynthesis. Adipocyte-specific knockdown shows that these enzymes support early GSC progeny survival. Further, enzymes catalyzing fatty acid oxidation and phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis in adipocytes promote GSC maintenance, whereas lipid and iron transport from adipocytes controls vitellogenesis and GSC number, respectively. These results show a functional relationship between specific metabolic pathways in adipocytes and distinct processes in the GSC lineage, suggesting the adipocyte metabolism–stem cell link as an important area of investigation in other stem cell systems.
VERSLO APLINKOS VEIKSNIŲ ĮTAKA ĮMONIŲ MOKUMUI
Authors: Jurkaitienė Sabina , Kiyak Deimena , Bružaitė Elena
Published: April 2017

Mokslinėje literatūroje nėra pakankamai aiškiai suformuluotos priežastys, lemiančios mokumo sudedamųjų elementų pokyčius, kurios padėtų visoms įmonėms pasiruošti galimiems nemokumo pokyčiams. Taikomi nemokumo vertinimo metodai vertina rezultatinius kintamuosius, įmonių pajamų srautus, įsipareigojimų dydžius, trumpalaikio ir ilgalaikio turto pokyčius, kapitalo dydį, jų santykinius rodiklius, tačiau mažas dėmesys skiriamas išoriniams aplinkos veiksniams, įtakojantiems šių rodiklių kitimą. Tyrimo tikslas nustatyti verslo aplinkos veiksnių poveikį įmonių mokumo rodikliams. Verslo aplinkos poveikio vertinimo metu siekiama nustatyti tik išorinės – makroekonominės verslo aplinkos įtaką įmonių mokumo pokyčiams. Atsižvelgiant į tyrimo tikslą vidinės nemokumo priežastys nėra vertinamos. Nepriklausomais kintamaisiais pasirinkti pagrindiniai išskirti išorinės verslo aplinkos veiksniai – BVP vertė ir pokytis Lietuvoje bei Europos Sąjungoje, infliacija, nedarbo lygio rodiklis, mokesčių našta, šešėlinės ekonomikos mastas, korupcijos kontrolės indeksas, įmonių skaičius sektoriuje, bankrutavusių įmonių skaičius sektoriuje ir Lietuvoje, palūkanų norma, krovinių apyvartos pokyčiai šalyje, politinis stabilumo indeksas, vyriausybės efektyvumo ir vyriausybės valdymo kokybės indeksai. Verslo aplinkos veiksnių įtakos įmonių mokumo rodikliams vertinimas atliekamas tiesinės regresinės analizės metodu. Tyrimo imtis sandėliavimo ir transportui būdingų paslaugų veiklos sektoriaus įmonių grupės pagal darbuotojų skaičių. Atsižvelgiant į koreliacinės analizės metu gautas išvadas, jog tiriamųjų įmonių mokumo koeficientai statistiškai reikšmingai koreliuoja su skirtingais aplinkos veiksniais, kiekvienam iš mokumo rodiklių regresinės analizės metu skaičiuojamos atskiros tiesinės regresijos lygtys, parodančios aplinkos veiksnių įtaką ir jos dydį tiriamajam priklausomam kintamajam. Nustatyta, kad verslo aplinkos poveikis įmonių mokumo rodikliams skiriasi nuo priklausomu kintamuoju pasirinkto mokumo rodiklio, bei įmonių dydžio. Vertinimo metu statistiškai reikšmingi ryšiai nustatyti tose įmonėse, kuriose darbuotojų skaičius viršija 49 darbuotojus. Vertinimo metu identifikuotos sekančios priklausomybės: palūkanų normos, infliacijos augimas mažina įmonių bendrąjį mokumo koeficientą, šešėlinės ekonomikos masto mažėjimas ir korupcijos kontrolės augimas didina įmonių įsiskolinimo koeficiento reikšmes. Įmonių skaičiaus augimas mažina įmonių įsiskolinimo koeficiento reikšmes.
ŽEMĖS ŪKIO KOOPERATYVŲ FINANSAVIMO GALIMYBĖS IR PROBLEMOS
Authors: Miceikienė Astrida , Binkienė Danutė , Savickienė Jūratė , Butkuvienė Vaida
Published: April 2017

Straipsnyje nagrinėjami klausimai, susiję su žemės ūkio kooperatyvų finansavimo galimybėmis ir problemomis, turinčiomis lemiamą įtaką jų veiklos plėtrai. Tyrimo tikslas – identifikavus žemės ūkio kooperatyvų finansavimo priemones, įvertinti jų panaudojimo problemas. Tyrimo metu buvo identifikuotos žemės ūkio kooperatyvų tradicinės ir alternatyvios finansavimo priemonės bei nustatytos finansavimo priemonių taikymo žemės ūkio kooperatyvų veiklai finansuoti problemos. Tyrimas rodo, kad daugialypėje ES finansinių galimybių erdvėje išskiriami pagrindiniai išorinio finansavimo būdai: vieni – tradiciniai, besiremiantys išskirtinai finansine logika, kiti – alternatyvūs paklūstantys socialinėms bei etikos taisyklėms. Tyrimo rezultatai leidžia daryti išvadą, kad pasaulyje intensyviai vykstant globalizacijos ir internacionalizacijos procesams, kapitalo rinkos neišvengiamai patiria svyravimų ir finansavimas tradicinėmis finansavimo priemonėmis tampa vis sunkiau prieinamas bei riboja žemės ūkio kooperatyvų augimo galimybes. Pažymėtina, kad alternatyviosios finansavimo priemonės negali pakeisti tradicinių finansavimo priemonių, tačiau jos gali iš dalies patenkinti specifinius, ypač netradicinius žemės ūkio kooperatyvų poreikius, taip pat atlieka labai svarbų vaidmenį vietos, socialinei, aplinkosaugos ir regioninei plėtrai.
REIKŠMINGUMO SAMPRATA FINANSINIŲ ATASKAITŲ AUDITE
Authors: Raziūnienė Daiva , Verbickaitė Gintarė
Published: April 2017

Auditoriaus vaidmuo yra pateikti visuomenei užtikrinimą, kad įmonių pateikiamos ataskaitos visais reikšmingais atžvilgiais teisingai parodo įmonės finansinę būklę ir veiklos rezultatus pagal taikomus apskaitos principus. Tarptautinė buhalterių federacija, Tarptautinių audito ir užtikrinimo standartų valdyba, išleisdama reikšmingumą audite reglamentuojančius 320-ąjį, 450-ąjį standartus, suformulavo bendras gaires ir principus reikšmingumo nustatymui ir vertinimui. Todėl auditorius, remdamasis savo profesine nuovoka ir sprendimu turi savarankiškai nustatyti reikšmingumo veiksnius ir ribas. Mokslinio straipsnio tikslas yra identifikuoti tinkamo atsižvelgimo į reikšmingumo sampratą priemones, taikomas šiuolaikiniame finansinių ataskaitų audite. Remiantis informacijos sisteminimo, apibendrinimo ir palyginimo tyrimo metodais, straipsnyje analizuojamas reikšmingumo koncepcijos plėtojimas tarptautinių profesinių organizacijų ir užsienio mokslininkų darbuose, atskleidžiamas Lietuvos mokslininkų indėlis analizuojant reikšmingumo sampratą. Itin svarbios informacijos įtaką vartotojų sprendimams vertina auditoriai, darydami prielaidas apie finansinių interesų vartotojų grupių poreikius ir požiūrį. Straipsnyje nurodomas reikšmingumo nustatymo veiksmų nuoseklumas, apibūdinami kiekybiniai reikšmingumo nustatymo metodai ir kokybiniai veiksniai, pateikiamos reikšmingumo ribos.
COMPARISON OF LEGAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP FORMS FROM ACCOUNTING POINT OF VIEW IN CONDITIONS OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC
Authors: Váryová Ivana , Košovská Iveta
Published: April 2017

Each legal form of entrepreneurship requires the individual approach from the accounting point of view as every entrepreneur subject does not meet the definition of an accounting entity pursuant to the Act on Accounting. The paper´s aim is to compare the legal entrepreneurship forms from accounting point of view and to assess different alternatives of expense verifiability. The theoretical research has been applied for reaching the paper's aim. Basic input materials are legal norms. Generally accepted basic research were used when preparing the article. Based on the results it can be stated that entrepreneurs registered in the Business Register do not have a possibility to select from individual alternatives of keeping the evidence for their management and are obliged to keep the system of double entry bookkeeping. Natural persons are not obliged to register in the Business Register therefore they can select from various possibilities of verification of incurred expenses. One feasibility is presented by the system of double entry bookkeeping or single entry bookkeeping. The systems of keeping tax records or applying fixed expenses are others. The keeping of tax records is less administrative intensive compared to bookkeeping. Keeping of tax records is advantageous for an entrepreneur as he is not the subject of the Act on Accounting while he is not an accounting entity. The easiest alternative for the entrepreneurs is not to verify real incurred expenses but to apply fixed expenses in the amount of 40 % from achieved income.
Intracerebroventricular administration of adiponectin attenuates streptozotocin-induced memory impairment in rats
Authors: Mazrooie R , Rohampour K , Zamani M , Hosseinmardi N , Zeraati M
Published: April 2017

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been reported to be linked with diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance. Adiponectin (ADN), an adipocytokine secreted from adipose tissue, is involved in the regulation of insulin sensitivity, energy homeostasis, and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this study, we examined the effect of ADN on passive avoidance memory in animal model of sporadic AD (sAD). On days 1 and 3 after cannulation, rats received intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (3 mg/kg). Thirty minutes before the learning process, animals received saline or ADN in different doses (6, 60, and 600 µg). The step-through latency (STL) and total time spent in the dark compartment (TDC) were recorded and analyzed. In STZ-treated rats, STL was significantly decreased, whereas TDC showed a dramatic increase. In ADN-treated rats, STL was significantly increased (P < 0.01) in all treatment doses. The number of entries was decreased in all applied doses; however, TDC was reduced only by the application of 6 ng of ADN (P < 0.05). It can be concluded that ADN is useful to improve the STZ-induced memory impairment. This study showed, for the first time, that icv administration of ADN could improve the memory acquisition in animal model of sAD.
Development of indigenous binders as construction materials
Authors: Matalkah Faris , Soroushian Parviz , Weerasiri Rankothge Ranjith , Peyvandi Amirpasha
Published: April 2017

Strategies were devised for the development of cementitious binders using abundantly available indigenous raw materials. These strategies emphasise the simple processing of raw materials using locally available resources. The raw materials selected for the development of indigenous cementitious binders included volcanic tuffs, laterite soil, soda ash and natron. Two classes of indigenous cementitious binders were developed and characterised. They were based on (a) volcanic tuffs transformed into calcium aluminosilicate hydrate binders using lime and soda ash and (b) laterite soil activated with soda ash and lime, using moderately calcined laterite soil as partial replacement for natural laterite soil, where alkali aluminosilicate hydrate and calcite provide the primary binding effects. Various formulations embodying these two strategies were prepared and subjected to early-age compression tests. The resulting inorganic binders were further investigated using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction methods. The results of these analyses verified the intended chemical and mineralogical compositions of the indigenous binders.
Stress resistance in naturalised waste water E. coli strains
Authors: Zhi Shuai , Banting Graham S. , Ruecker Norma J. , Neumann Norman F.
Published: April 2017

The authors recently demonstrated that naturalised strains of Escherichia coli exist in municipal waste water, characterised by (a) biomarker patterns in intergenic regions distinct from human and animal E. coli strains and (b) an insertion element (IS30) located in the uspC–flhDC intergenic region of the genome. Remarkably, these strains are naturally adapted to survival and growth in waste water and differentially survive the treatment process. The authors sought to explore the adaptive mechanisms used by these strains for survival. A serial stress experiment (nutrient deprivation and osmotic stress followed by chlorine treatment) was performed and survival was measured using culture. Waste water strains were shown to be approximately 100 times more resistant to chlorine treatment than a wild-type human faecal strain. Naturalised waste water strains were also more robust at producing biofilms – an adaptive strategy for surviving environmental stressors. Since biofilm formation has been linked to increased motility, the authors examined the expression of the flagellar regulator gene, flhDC, under serial stress conditions. Chlorine was a potent inducer of flhDC expression in waste water strains. The results demonstrate that waste water strains possess adaptive genotypic/phenotypic properties related to their survival in waste water and challenge the understanding of treatment reduction based on E. coli as an indicator of treatment performance.
Effects of nails and facing plates on seismic slope response and failure
Authors: Nakamoto S. , Iwasa N. , Takemura J.
Published: April 2017

A rock bolt with a facing plate is one of the soil nailing methods against relatively shallow sliding failure, which can be applied to natural slopes without cutting trees. In this research, dynamic centrifuge model tests were conducted to study the reinforcement mechanism of the nailing with individual facing plates and the effects of facing plate width, bolt spacing and bolt inclination angle on the seismic stability of reinforced slope. From the test results, it was confirmed that the facing plate resistance works well against the seismic load, which suppresses the slope deformation during shaking, and the mobilised resistance increases with increasing plate size. Plate bearing failure and local surface failure are critical failure mechanisms. The bearing failure could occur for small plates, while for relatively large plates, the local failure causes reduction of plate resistance and triggers large deformation and slip failure of the slope. These failures could be controlled by slope acceleration and uncovered width. Downward inclined installation of the nailing from the normal to the slope surface can effectively prevent the movement and secure the slope stability with less mobilised resistance.
Stress–strain relationship of coarse RCA concrete exposed to elevated temperatures
Authors: Zhao Hui , Wang Yuyin , Liu Faqi
Published: April 2017

An investigation was carried out on the complete compressive stress–strain curves of concrete made with coarse recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) after exposure to temperatures of 20–800°C. In total, 75 prism specimens of five different compositions were made with replacement percentages of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% coarse RCA. Specimens were exposed to preset temperatures for 3 h in separate batches and were tested 1 month after heating. The residual compressive properties, including compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, peak strain and complete compressive stress–strain curves, were obtained from the tests. The experimental results demonstrate that both the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of coarse RCA concrete decrease continuously with increasing temperature, whereas the peak strain increases rapidly. The replacement percentage was found to have insignificant influence on the relative deterioration of exposed coarse RCA concrete compared with unexposed concrete. A stress–strain model was developed for predicting the compressive stress–strain relationship of coarse RCA concrete after exposure.
Bond characteristics of concrete made of recycled aggregates from building demolition waste
Authors: Siempu Rakesh , Pancharthi Rathish Kumar
Published: April 2017

This paper presents the experimental results of pull-out tests conducted to determine the bond characteristics of concrete using aggregates made from the recycling of concrete waste from demolished buildings. Factors such as water–cement ratio (0·5, 0·4 and 0·3), bar diameter (ø = 10, 12 and 16 mm), embedment length (2·5ø, 5ø and full depth of specimen) are considered. The pull-out test is performed on concrete produced from both natural aggregate and recycled concrete aggregate, and an assessment of the subsequent performance is made. Mechanical properties such as compressive strength, split tensile strength and modulus of rupture are also reported. The bond stress and slip at failure are determined by experimentation and a comparison is made. The recycled aggregate concrete performed better than the natural aggregate concrete in terms of normalised bond stress. Lowering the water–binder ratio has the effect of increasing the bond stress and slip values. With the increase in bar diameter and embedment length, a decrease in bond stress and increase in slip can be observed. An equation to determine the bond stress is proposed based on the experimental results obtained. A comparison is made with various models proposed in the literature.
Mechanical properties of early-age concrete reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Song Xiaobin , Zhang Junyi , Shang Susu
Published: April 2017

The results of mechanical property tests on early-age concrete reinforced with industrial-grade carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are reported. The objective of the study was to validate the effectiveness of CNTs and establish the development of concrete properties with CNT dosage and concrete age. Ultrasonication, ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry and scanning electron microscopy were employed to inspect or improve the dispersion quality. The test programme considered four CNT dosages and seven concrete ages, with three replicates. The results indicated that industrial-grade CNTs can lead to increases in cubic compressive strength, tensile splitting strength, prismatic compressive strength and ultimate strain of concrete (up to 34·2, 11·1, 19·4 and 8·3%, respectively) comparable to those obtained with the use of fine nanotube particles; no significant influence was found for the other tested concrete properties. The results of this study also indicated that increases in strengths and strain were most significant during the first 7 d, the period when concrete is most prone to cracking due to shrinkage and hydration heat. This implies that industrial-grade CNTs may have a great potential in reducing early-age concrete cracking with much less health risk and lower testing requirements compared with the use of fine nanotube powders.
Influence of cement and aggregate type on steam-cured concrete – an experimental study
Authors: Hanif Asad , Kim Yongjae , Lee Kihong , Park Cheolwoo , Sim Jongsung
Published: April 2017

The effects of aggregate and cement type on the properties of steam-cured concrete were explored. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and high early strength cement (HESC) were used as binders, and recycled and natural aggregates were used as inert mineral filler aggregates in the concrete. The developed concretes exhibited adequate levels of compressive strength after steam curing. Depending on the type of coarse and fine aggregates utilised, the concretes incorporating OPC developed 42–72% of their design strength after 1 d; the range was 52–83% for concretes made with HESC. At all ages, the HESC concretes had about 10% greater strength than the OPC concretes. Abrasion and skid resistance parameters were also determined. Although the concretes incorporating HESC and recycled aggregates had lower mechanical strength, the abrasion and skid resistance parameters were superior to the other mixtures, meaning they could be usefully utilised in pavement structures, flooring and slabs. With proper mixture proportioning, adequate strength can be achieved.
Private Money Creation with Safe Assets and Term Premia
Authors: Infante Sebastian
Published: April 2017

It has been documented that an increase in the demand for safe assets induces the private sector to create more money-like claims. Focusing on private repos backed by U.S. Treasury securities, I show that an increase in the demand for safe assets leads to a decreases in the issuance of Treasury repos. The intuition is that Treasury securities already function as a safe asset, thus in terms of safe asset creation, private Treasury repos are neutral. In the model, Treasury repos are beneficial because they shift risk (i.e. term premia) from relatively risk averse households to a more risk tolerant financial sector, which issues repos to finance its portfolio. When the demand for safe assets increases, Treasury securities are reallocated to households, reducing the amount of Treasury repo issued by the financial sector. By contrast, Treasury repos created by the Federal Reserve's RRP program---a safe asset created by the public sector---increase with the demand for safe as sets. I show the data supports the model's main predictions.
Divest, Disregard, or Double Down?
Authors: Tran Brigitte Roth
Published: April 2017

How much, if at all, should an endowment invest in a firm whose activities run counter to the charitable missions the endowment funds? Endowments typically disregard the objectionable nature of or divest from such firms. However, if firm returns increase with activities the endowment combats, doubling down on the investment increases expected utility by aligning funding availability with need. I call this "mission hedging." This paper offers the first model that characterizes the endowment's investment decision on the objectionable firm, defines investment trade-offs, and examines related evidence. Bad actors provide good opportunities to hedge mission-specific risks.
The Spatial Sign Covariance Matrix and Its Application for Robust Correlation Estimation
Authors: Dürre Alexander , Fried Roland , Vogel Daniel
Published: April 2017

We summarize properties of the spatial sign covariance matrix and especially consider the relationship between its eigenvalues and those of the shape matrix of an elliptical distribution. The explicit relationship known in the bivariate case was used to construct the spatial sign correlation coefficient, which is a non-parametric and robust estimator for the correlation coefficient within the elliptical model. We consider a multivariate generalization, which we call the multivariate spatial sign correlation matrix. A small simulation study indicates that the new estimator is very efficient under various elliptical distributions if the dimension is large. We furthermore derive its influence function under certain conditions which indicates that the multivariate spatial sign correlation becomes more sensitive to outliers as the dimension increases.
On Independent Component Analysis with Stochastic Volatility Models
Authors: Matilainen Markus , Miettinen Jari , Nordhausen Klaus , Oja Hannu , Taskinen Sara
Published: April 2017

Consider a multivariate time series where each component series is assumed to be a linear mixture of latent mutually independent stationary time series. Classical independent component analysis (ICA) tools, such as fastICA, are often used to extract latent series, but they don't utilize any information on temporal dependence. Also financial time series often have periods of low and high volatility. In such settings second order source separation methods, such as SOBI, fail. We review here some classical methods used for time series with stochastic volatility, and suggest modifications of them by proposing a family of vSOBI estimators. These estimators use different nonlinearity functions to capture nonlinear autocorrelation of the time series and extract the independent components. Simulation study shows that the proposed method outperforms the existing methods when latent components follow GARCH and SV models. This paper is an invited extended version of the paper presented at the CDAM 2016 conference.
Extracting Information from Interval Data Using Symbolic Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Oliveira M. R. , Vilela M. , Pacheco A. , Valadas Rui , Salvador Paulo
Published: April 2017

We introduce generic definitions of symbolic variance and covariance for random interval-valued variables, that lead to a unified and insightful interpretation of four known symbolic principal component estimation methods: CPCA, VPCA, CIPCA, and SymCovPCA. Moreover, we propose the use of truncated versions of symbolic principal components, that use a strict subset of the original symbolic variables, as a way to improve the interpretation of symbolic principal components. Furthermore, the analysis of a real dataset leads to a meaningful characterization of Internet traffic applications, while highligting similarities between the symbolic principal component estimation methods considered in the paper.
Преодоление трудностей во взаимодействии субъектов рынка труда и экономических вузов
Authors: Селиванова Ирина Владимировна Ирина Владимировна , Рожина Екатерина Юрьевна Екатерина Юрьевна
Published: April 2017

Статья посвящена оценке экономического образования за последние 40-50 лет и анализу статистических данных по качеству образования на современном этапе в России и за рубежом. Авторами сделан обзор экономического образования, рассмотрены основные проблемы его развития и намечены возможные пути их решения. Одним из вариантов дальнейшего развития образования может служить новая образовательная модель, где каждый экономический университет напрямую связан с работающими в стране экономическими предприятиями и имеет в своих стенах собственную производственную площадку (предприятие-тренажер). В результате происходит сокращение государственных затрат на финансирование экономических вузов, которые зарабатывают собственные средства и находятся в тесном контакте с "заказчиком образовательных услуг", выпускают специалистов с опытом работы, готовых работать на экономических предприятиях современной России. Предприятия в свою очередь обеспечены квалифицированными кадрами, удовлетворяющими работодателя.
Корпоративная социальная ответственность в новой экономике
Authors: Стрелец Ирина Александровна
Published: April 2017

Актуальность темы обусловлена как повышенным вниманием к проблематике корпоративной социальной ответственности, так и теми требованиями, которые выдвигаются в этой области в связи с распространением новых технологий. Зарождение интереса к теме обычно связывают с выходом в свет монографии Х. Боуена. В дальнейшем она получает развитие в трудах А. Б. Кэррола и А. К. Бачхольтца, Дж. Муна, Д. Фогеля и др.
Неоднозначность концепции корпоративной социальной ответственности вызывает многочисленные споры как в отношении трактовки термина, так и в отношении важнейших задач бизнеса в этой сфере. В статье автор рассматривает, каким образом современная институциональная среда, формирующаяся в условиях новой экономики, влияет на реализацию данных задач. Методологически мы используем подходы институциональной экономической теории и эволюционной экономики.
Новая экономика, в которой инновационные изменения приводят к принципиальной модификации поведения экономических субъектов, выдвигает новые требования к деятельности человека и фирмы. Растет количество работников информационной сферы, возрастают требования к уровню образования работников, возрастают информационные возможности топ-менеджмента. В таких условиях многие задачи КСО могут быть реализованы фирмой более эффективно и в принципиально новых формах: совершенствуется система внутреннего контроля, увеличивается степень прозрачности деятельности, Интернет содействует выработке единых стандартов, успешнее решаются информационные задачи.
Стремительное внедрение в экономическую жизнь новых технологий оказывает колоссальное воздействие на деятельность компании в такой значимой сфере, как КСО. И хотя это влияние трудно оценить однозначно и количественно определить, можно с уверенность сказать, что в будущем оно будет усиливаться.
Проблемы и перспективы организации перерабатывающих отраслей нефти и газа в Азербайджане
Authors: Алиев Шафа Тифлис оглы , Лачинов Эльшан Тарлан оглы
Published: April 2017

В статье исследованы проблемы и перспективы организации перерабатывающих отраслей нефти и газа в Азербайджане. Азербайджан является нефтяной страной, и в последние годы растет уровень добычи природного газа. Актуальность рассмотрения эффективной организации системы переработки нефти и газа, в том числе развития нефтехимического комплекса в стране, повышается с каждым годом в контексте нестабильности цен на нефть на мировых рынках. В статье приводятся оценки авторов по процессам развития нефтепереработки и нефтехимического комплекса Азербайджана, по основным проблемам развития данных отраслей в нынешних условиях. Рассмотрены основные направления и перспективы интенсификации развития перерабатывающих отраслей нефти и газа путем расширения нефтехимического комплекса в стране в ближайшей перспективе.
Статья посвящается 55-летию Сумгайытского Государственного Университета.
Согласование экономических интересов в системе обеспечения экономической безопасности страны
Authors: Радюкова Яна Юрьевна , Якунина Инна Николаевна , Колесниченко Елена Александровна
Published: April 2017

В статье анализируются теоретические аспекты обеспечения экономической безопасности страны с позиции политической экономии. Рассматриваются подходы к согласованию экономических интересов, прежде всего в рамках создания условий для реализации национально-государственных интересов России, выступающих базисом для устойчивого социально-экономического развития страны как неотъемлемого элемента ее экономической безопасности.
Оценка изменчивости инвестиционной привлекательности компаний легкой промышленности
Authors: Лихутин Павел Николаевич , Харитонова Валерия Владимировна
Published: April 2017

В данной статье рассмотрены основные подходы к оценке инвестиционной привлекательности компаний. Особое внимание уделено стоимостному подходу, в рамках которого был подробно рассмотрен коэффициент q-Тобина. В качестве объекта исследования была отобрана группа российских компаний легкой промышленности, занимающихся производством одежды. На основании полученных значений коэффициента q-Тобина для каждой компании и статистических методов была произведена кластеризация компаний швейной промышленности с учетом степени изменчивости инвестиционной привлекательности.
Организационно-экономические факторы создания и развития индустриальных парков
Authors: Плеслов Анатолий Алексеевич
Published: April 2017

В статье исследованы организационно-экономические факторы создания и развития индустриальных парков на территориях субъектов Российской Федерации. Рассмотрены тенденции практики поиска наиболее приемлемой модели развития промышленного производства и механизмов реализации инновационной, научно-технической и производственной политики страны.
Особое внимание в статье уделено сложившейся законодательной базе, определяющей статус, принципы формирования и деятельности индустриальных парков, что позволило Минпромторгу России сформировать реестр индустриальных (промышленных) парков РФ, а некоторым регионам – получить субсидии на возмещение затрат на создание инфраструктуры индустриальных парков. Важным фактором дальнейшего создания и развития индустриальных (промышленных) парков является практическая мобилизация региональных и муниципальных ресурсов, при этом не должны игнорироваться реально существующие формы пространственно-территориальной организации хозяйствующих субъектов малого и среднего предпринимательства. Именно они могут стать полюсами роста при соответствующем программно-целевом региональном и муниципальном планировании. Статья посвящена решению проблем создания и развития индустриальных (промышленных) парков как основы формирования нового пространственно-территориального инфраструктурного каркаса современного промышленного потенциала Российской Федерации. Материал, изложенный в статье, будет интересен российским предпринимателям, а также руководителям и специалистам региональных и муниципальных органов управления, занимающимся вопросами развития малого и среднего предпринимательства.
Стратегия выбора мероприятий для повышения конкурентоспособности компании
Authors: Локтева Екатерина Юрьевна
Published: April 2017

В статье обосновывается актуальность повышения конкурентоспособности организации в условиях насыщенного рынка. Оценка конкурентоспособности компании в сфере услуг требует развития методов проведения такой оценки, а также является востребованным с практической точки зрения направлением исследований. Рассмотрена схема алгоритма совершенствования механизма управления конкурентоспособностью компании, позволяющая получить системный эффект при управлении конкурентоспособностью компании. Приведена возможная стратегия выбора наиболее эффективных мероприятий для повышения конкурентоспособности компании на основе расчета авторского показателя «цена за пункт конкурентоспособности». Предложенная стратегия является частью системы поддержки принятия решений на предприятии в сфере стратегического управления.
Институциональные практики регулирования рынка труда молодежи в зарубежных странах
Authors: Полищук Елена Анатольевна
Published: April 2017

В исследовании рассмотрены институциональные практики регулирования рынка труда молодежи в зарубежных странах. Выделены две доминирующие системы регулирования рынка труда (система экономического либерализма и система экономического дирижизма), имеющие свои особенности и состоящие из отдельных моделей, в которых проявляются базовые признаки представленных систем. Дана характеристика ведущих институтов, оказывающих влияние на рынок труда молодежи зарубежных стран: институт занятости, институт профессиональной ориентации, институт дуального образования, институт социального партнерства. Зарубежный опыт развития данных институтов в современных условиях подтверждает их эффективность, заключающуюся не только в общественной стабильности и повышении качества рабочей силы молодежи, но и конкурентоспособности национальных экономик. Выделенные институциональные практики могут быть внедрены в качестве дополнительных мероприятий в сфере занятости населения, направленных на снижение напряженности на рынке труда молодежи субъектов Российской Федерации.
Expression if the insect metalloproteinase inhibitor IMPI in the fat body of Galleria mellonella exposed to infection with Beauveria bassiana
Authors: Vertyporokh Lidiia , Wojda Iwona
Published: April 2017

The inducible metalloproteinase inhibitor (IMPI) discovered in Galleria mellonella is currently the only specific inhibitor of metalloproteinases found in animals. Its role is to inhibit the activity of metalloproteinases secreted by pathogenic organisms as virulence factors to degrade immune-relevant polypeptides of the infected host. This is a good example of an evolutionary arms race between insect hosts and their natural pathogens. In this report, we analyze the expression of genes encoding an inducible metalloproteinase inhibitor (IMPI) in fat bodies of the greater wax moth larvae Galleria mellonella infected with an entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. We use natural infection i.e. covering larval integument with fungal aerospores as well as injection of fungal blastospores directly into the larval hemocel. We compare the expression of IMPI with the expression of genes encoding proteins with fungicidal activity, gallerimycin and galiomycin, the expression of which reflects the stimulation of Galleria mellonella defense mechanisms. Also, the expression of the genes is analyzed in the light of survival of animals after spore injection.
Association between uridin diphosphate glucuronosylotranserase 1A1 (UGT1A1) gene polymorphism and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Mazur - Kominek Katarzyna , Romanowski Tomasz , Bielawski Krzysztof , Kiełbratowska Bogumiła , Preis Krzysztof , Domżalska - Popadiuk Iwona , Słomińska - Frączek Magdalena , Sznurkowska Katarzyna , Renke Joanna , Plata-Nazar Katarzyna , Śledzińska Karolina , Sikorska - Wiśniewska Grażyna , Góra - Gębka Magdalena , Liberek Anna
Published: April 2017

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of UGT1A1*28 and UGT1A1*60 polymorphisms of UGT1A1 gene and their association with hyperbilirubinemia.
STUDY DESIGN: DNA was isolated from Guthrie cards of 171 infants. Fluorescent molecular probes were used for UGT1A1 promoter variation analysis. The presence of UGT1A1*28 polymorphism was detected with a dual-probe system, and UGT1A1*60 with a SimpleProbe™.
RESULT: Homozygous UGT1A1*28 and UGT1A1*60 genotypes were detected in 14.6% and 20.5% of the newborns, respectively. Homozygous (G/G) genotypes of UGT1A1*60 polymorphism were found in all the UGT1A1*28 (i.e. (TA)7/(TA)7) homozygotes. More than 80% (55/66) of the children with normal (i.e. (TA)6/(TA)6) of UGT1A1*28 genotype carried the normal (T/T) genotype of UGT1A1*60 as well. The UGT1A1*28 polymorphism was detected more often among neonates with elevated bilirubin. Hyperbilirubinemia was diagnosed more frequently in boys.
CONCLUSION: The polymorphisms of UGT1A1 gene frequently co-exist in neonates. The presence of UGT1A1*28 polymorphism and male gender seem to predispose to neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
Implementation of Al-Wadiah (saving instrument) Contract In Contemporary Gold Transaction
Authors: Shuib Mohd Sollehudin , Bakar Azizi Abu , Osman Amirul Faiz , Hashim Hydzulkifli , Fadzil Aiman Bin
Published: April 2017

Contemporary gold trading is like other retails and online trading. However, according to Islamic business contract, gold is categorized under a special law of transaction items and it must follows a specific law of Islamic business transaction. This article focuses on how wadiah concepts can be applied in the contemporary gold trading. The legality of the wadiah concepts is utmost important to be verified before its implementation. The aims of this article is to substantiate the concepts of wadiah in contemporary gold trading based on the main sources of Islamic law transactions. The finding shows that the wadiah concept is permissible in Islam. Furthermore, the wadiah also play important role in contemporary gold trading. Hence, wadiah contract can helps to resolve the gold trading issues where the physical assets of gold are distance from the buyer.
Climate Change: Moving The Paris Agreement From Words To Deeds
Authors: Schloss Miguel
Published: April 2017

Economic and social development the world has experienced in the last couple of centuries has been unprecedented, propelled by technological advances that have overcome famine and extended life expectancy in much of the world. This has been reflected in productivity gains in agriculture, industrial development, advances in communications, transport and energy never experienced in much of recorded history. But this has brought increases in CO2 emissions since the industrial age, whose full implications are as yet somewhat unpredictable. However, an increasingly widespread consensus has emerged that there is the need to reverse these emissions to prevent global average temperature increases to less than 2 Celsius. The Agreement reached by the 195 countries in climate talks in Paris requires an overhaul of historic proportions for energy  policies worldwide and investment of the order of $16.5 trillion of spending on  renewables and efficiency, as well as carbon capture and storage through 2030, to meet the agreed targets outlined, as estimated by the International Energy Agency. In essence, the deal aims at limiting global temperature increase since the Industrial Revolution of the 18th and 19th centuries  to 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit), while calling on  nations to “pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 degrees.” The Paris Agreement provides a framework for such effort, and will require significant reductions in hydrocarbons investments, increases in emissions costs, reduction in deforestation, intensive reengineering of energy sources in use, and profound changes in transport systems. None of this will take place on its own or be politically, economically and technically easy. Henceforth emphasis must focus on how to move from words to deeds in a manner that does not affect negatively economic development. This article is focused on four areas that need special attention to ensure that future efforts can adequately address concerns of efficiency and effectiveness, which have hitherto received scant attention, with consequent limited progress and results in climate change actions. As there are few precedents in this emerging area, this article is based on benchmark analysis the author has conducted to assist several Governments in designing policies to deal with the emerging issues climate change is posing.
Incidência do carcinoma basocelular e espinocelular em usuários atendidos em um hospital de câncer
Authors: Silva Ricardo Dias da , Dias Meyre Aparecida Inácio
Published: April 2017

O estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a incidência do câncer de pele não melanoma (CPNM), a partir das biópsias anatomopatológicas de usuários atendidos em um hospital de câncer. Estudo descritivo, quantitativo e retrospectivo onde foram avaliados 81 exames entre janeiro de 2015 e maio de 2016. Encontrou-se 42 biópsias com carcinoma basocelular (CBC), (51,85%), 20 com carcinoma espinocelular – CEC (24,69%), 3 com melanoma cutâneo - MC (3,7%) e 16 com outros diagnósticos (19,75%). Com a variável sexo achou-se o total de 48 de mulheres com CPNM (77,41%) e 14 homens (25,59%). Entre todos os CPNM têm-se 56 pessoas de pele branca (89,29%) e 6 de pele amarela (10,71%). O estudo concluiu que o CPNM é o mais incidente câncer de pele na região, com maior incidência no sexo feminino, em pessoas de pele clara sendo diretamente proporcional com o aumento da idade.
Fatores associados ao consumo de medicamentos entre idosos de uma unidade básica de saúde
Authors: Santos Gerson Souza , Olm Cunha Isabel Cristina Kowal
Published: April 2017

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o padrão de consumo de medicamentos entre idosos e fatores associados. Estudo transversal com 340 indivíduos com idade igual ou superior a 60. Os idosos que participaram deste estudo eram sua maioria mulheres na faixa etária de 60 a 69 anos. A prevalência do uso de medicação foi de 99,7%. A polifarmácia (> 5 medicamentos) ocorreu em 35,3% dos casos. As variáveis que apresentaram relação estatisticamente significativa com a quantidade de medicamentos foram o sexo, cor da pele, a situação conjugal, busca por ser serviços de saúde em caso de doença, praticar religião e participação em atividades de lazer. Os medicamentos utilizados pelos idosos pertenciam à classe dos anti-hipertensivos, seguidos pelos medicamentos diuréticos e antidiabéticos. A proporção de uso de medicamentos é elevada entre idosos, inclusive daqueles considerados inapropriados para idosos.
Percepções dos acompanhantes de pacientes em estado de terminalidade
Authors: Silva Suelen Cristina Batista da , Guedes Mariana Rodrigues
Published: April 2017

Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever e analisar as percepções dos acompanhantes de pacientes em estado de terminalidade num hospital público. Foi utilizada a abordagem quantitativa, tendo como sujeitos 104 acompanhantes de pacientes terminais internados no Pronto Socorro e Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. A coleta de dados realizou-se através de entrevistas com um roteiro semiestruturado. Os resultados demonstraram que 36,54% dos acompanhantes não reconheciam o quadro de impossibilidade de cura, seguidos de 16,35% indecisos, totalizando cerca de 52,89% sem conhecimento do prognóstico do paciente. O prolongamento da vida do paciente incurável é apoiado por 58,65% dos pesquisados. Os acompanhantes de pacientes terminais necessitam de maiores esclarecimentos sobre a irreversibilidade do quadro clínico. Os serviços de saúde direcionados aos pacientes terminais devem incluir os acompanhantes e familiares em seus planos de atenção e cuidado.
Uso de la prueba rápida molecular en el diagnóstico de tuberculosis pericárdica: presentación de un caso
Authors: Carmo Andréia Moreira dos Santos , Novella Maria Cecilia Cergole , Biselli Paolo Jose Cesare , Hoshino Wagner Issao , Guirelli Akemi Oshiro , Candido Valéria Dos Santos
Published: April 2017

Este estudo tem como objetivo relatar o caso de um paciente com sintomas de sonolência e confusão mental recebido no pronto atendimento de um hospital universitário de São Paulo, apresentando febre, perda de peso e diagnóstico de pneumonia. Na tomografia computadorizada e no ecodopplercardiograma foram revelados atenuação de mediastino, derrame pleural e discreta opacidade centrolobular em ambos os campos pulmonares e linfonodos mediastinais, hipocinesia difusa de ventrículo esquerdo com discreta disfunção sistólica, dilatação de átrio esquerdo e derrame pericárdico moderado. Apresentou sorologia positiva para o vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV). A baciloscopia do líquido pleural, pericárdico e escarro foi negativa; no entanto, o teste rápido molecular (TRM-TB) do líquido pericárdico foi positivo para Mycobacterium tuberculosis sem resistência à rifampicina. A cultura evidenciou crescimento do M. tuberculosis. Iniciou-se tratamento antirretroviral e para a TB. O acesso ao TRM-TB em casos de tuberculose extrapulmonar é fundamental para o diagnóstico precoce, com impacto direto no prognóstico de casos graves de pacientes co-infectados pelo HIV/TB.