bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Positive effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, captopril, on pentylenetetrazole-induced epileptic seizures in mice
Authors: Tastemur Yasar , Gumus Erkan , Ergul Merve , Ulu Mustafa , Akkaya Recep , Ozturk Aysegul , Taskiran Ahmet Sevki
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, captopril, on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures and post-seizure hippocampal injury.

Materials: Thirty-five male Balb-c mice weighing 30 - 33 g were divided into control, saline PTZ, s(erum physiologic 1 ml/kg as solvent), positive control (valproic acid 200 mg/kg), captopril (25 mg/kg/day for 7 days), and captopril (50 mg/kg/day for 7 days) groups. PTZ (60 mg/kg) was administered thirty minutes after medication administration to induce epileptic seizures. The animals were observed for 30 min to record Racine stages, the time of the first myoclonic jerk (FMJ), and the occurrence of the first generalized tonic-clonic seizure (GTCS). Cornu Ammonis (CA)1, CA2, CA3, and the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus underwent histopathological examinations. The levels of total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress markers (total antioxidant status, TAS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) were measured in the brain tissue.

Results: Compared to PTZ group, 25 mg/kg captopril decreased seizure scores and delayed FMJ and GTCS (p < 0.05). Histopathological assessment demonstrated that both 25 and 50 mg/kg captopril alleviated neuronal injury in CA1, CA2, CA3, and DG compared to PTZ (p < 0.05). Also, TOS and OSI levels in the brain tissue were reduced by both 25 and 50 mg/kg doses of captopril (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Captopril favorably improves epileptic seizure parameters and acts against post-seizure neuronal injury in the hippocampus. Captopril may be a drug of choice in epileptic individuals with hypertension.

Keywords: Captopril, Angiotensin-converting enzyme, Epilepsy, Pentylenetetrazole, Neuronal damage
Genomic analysis of tyrosine hydroxylase gene sequence variations and its association with D-9- tetrahydrocannabinol dependence in addicts
Authors: Javed Maryam , Raza Ali , Nadeem Asif , Yaqub Tahir , Ahmed Muhammad Danish
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To elucidate the genetic basis of drug addiction by conducting a genetic analysis of TH (tyrosine hydroxylase) gene and the novel polymorphisms that might help in understanding addiction and its molecular basis.

Methods: Forty-two subjects were recruited into three groups for this study. DNA was isolated from the individuals. PCR amplification of TH gene was carried out and amplicons were sequenced. Genomic characterization of TH gene provided five polymorphic loci – TH 1, TH 2, TH 3, TH 4 and TH 5 which were found among all the groups.

Results: According to Shannon’s diversity index, the studied population was between 0.0762 and 0.6032. Heterozygosity index depicted that TH 1 locus was less heterozygous (0.3288), followed by TH 5 (0.3152). TH 1 (0.1462) was the least heterozygous. Genotypic analysis predicted that among these five loci, TH 4 (p = 0.039898) and TH 2 (p = 0.851716) were non-significant (p > 0.05) and obeyed Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) law. There are few genetic changes in the studied population that can statistically be associated with drug addiction. Still, their genotypic distribution in the gene pool was very low.

Conclusion: On the basis of these findings, drug addiction in the studied population is more likely a social issue rather than a genetic one.

Keywords: Tyrosine hydroxylase, SNP, Drug dependence
MiR-574-5p alleviates sepsis-induced acute lung injury by regulating TRAF6/NF-κB pathway
Authors: Xu Changfu , Chong Lei , Yu Gang , Zhang Hailin
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To investigate the protective effect of miR-574-5p pretreatment against acute lung injury (ALI) induced by sepsis.Methods: A male C57BL/6 mouse model of sepsis-induced ALI was established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and treated with miR-574-5p agomir (intravenous injection, 80 mg/kg per day, 3 days). After that, blood and lung samples were obtained for histopathological observation. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, inflammatory cell infiltration, and cytokine expression were analyzed. The target gene of miR-574-5p was predicted using TargetScan prediction, and verified by luciferase assay and western blot.Results: In sepsis-induced ALI mice model, downregulation of miR-574-5p was observed. Pretreatment of miR-574-5p significantly alleviated ALI by suppressing histological damage, and reducing MPO activity and inflammatory cell infiltration, as well as decreasing cytokine expression. The  underlying mechanism was that miR-574-5p targeted TNF receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and suppressed the downstream NF-κB pathway. Moreover, TRAF6 overexpression reversed the effects of miR-574-5p on ALI.Conclusion: MiR-574-5p pretreatment suppresses inflammatory responses, thus reducing lung injury induced by sepsis in mice, partly via the regulation of TRAF6 and NF-κB pathway. Therefore, this approach can potentially be used for the clinical management of ALI in humans

Keywords: Sepsis, Acute lung injury, MiR-574-5p, TRAF6, NF-κB pathway
PSAT1 prompted cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis in multiple myeloma through regulating PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Zhu Hongqing , Si Yejun , Zhuang Yun , Li Meng , Ji Jianmin , Ji Ou , Shen Qun
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To identify the biological function of phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1) in regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis in multiple myeloma (MM).Methods: The mRNA and protein levels of PSAT1 were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blotting, respectively. Cell proliferation was measured using CCK-8 assay.Results: PSAT1 mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly increased in MM cell lines when compared to control cells. Moreover,  downregulation of PSAT1 inhibited MM cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis, whereas overexpression of PSAT1 promoted MM cell  proliferation and suppressed cell apoptosis. Further analysis demonstrated that the underlying mechanism was via regulation of PI3K/AKT pathway.Conclusion: The results identified a novel role for PSAT1 in the progression of MM, which may provide a therapeutic and a new anticancer target for the therapy of MM.

Keywords: Multiple myeloma, PSAT1, Cell proliferation, PI3K/AKT pathway
Picroside-I attenuated isoproterenol-induced heart damage via modification of cardio-morphology, infarct size and inflammatory cascade
Authors: Hao Yi , Cui Zhixiong , Zhang Shuang , Liu Tong
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To study the effect of picroside-I (PIC-I) on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced heart damage in rats through determination of infarct size, antioxidant enzymes, cardiac/inflammatory and apoptotic markers, as well as cardio-morphology.Methods: A total of 32 rats were divided equally into 4 groups. Rats in normal control group were treated with saline only, while myocardial infarction (MI) rat model was prepared by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of ISO at a concentration of 100 mg/kg. Rats pretreated with PIC-Iat dose 10 mg/kg (i.p) for 28 days and administered with isoproterenol. Another group of rats was administered only with PIC-I (10 mg/kg) for 28 days.Results: After 28 days of pretreatment with PIC-I, there were significant increases in arterial blood pressure and cardiac antioxidants, as well as marked decreases in infarct size, cardiac markers, inflammatory markers and apoptotic markers in rats with ISO-induced heart damage, when compared with rats given ISO alone. Rats administered PIC-I showed better histology, with reduced necrosis and prominent cardiac fibers.Conclusion: PIC-1 pre-treatment for 28 days significantly reversed elevations in infarct size, cardiac/inflammatory and apoptotic markers, and also improved antioxidant status and cardiacmorphology in rats with ISO-induced heart damage.

Keywords: Picroside-I, Isoproterenol, Infarct size, Inflammation, Apoptosis
Effects of ginsenoside Rg3 on bone loss, bone mineral density and osteoclast number in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis rats, and the likely michanism of action
Authors: Peng Maoxiu , Jiang Gangyl , He Shaoqi , Tang Chengxuan
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To investigate the effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on bone loss, bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoclast number in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) rats, and the mechanism of action involved.Methods: Sixty female Wistar rats were assigned to control, model group, ginsenoside Rg3, and alendronate sodium groups, comprised of 15 rats per group. The osteoporosis rat model was established via intramuscular injection of dexamethasone. Changes in bone mineral content (BMC), BMD trabecular thickness and area, osteoblasts and osteoclasts in femurs and lumbar vertebrae were measured after 3 months of treatment.Results: There were significantly higher BMC and BMD levels in ginsenoside Rg3 group than in alendronate rats (p < 0.05). The thickness and  trabecular area in femur and lumbar vertebrae in the ginsenoside Rg3 group were significantly higher than those in the model group (p < 0.05), but were comparable with those in the alendronate sodium group (p > 0.05). There were marked increases in osteoblasts, and marked decreases in osteoclasts in the ginsenoside Rg3 group, alendronate sodium and control rats, relative to model rats (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Ginsenoside Rg3 arrests bone loss, and enhances bone density, trabecular thickness and area, bone microstructure, osteoblast activity and population of osteoclasts number in glucocorticoidinduced osteoporotic rats. This provides a new research direction for the clinical treatment ofosteoporosis.

Keywords: Ginseng soap, Rg3, Glucocorticoid, Osteoporosis, Bone loss, Bone mineral density, Osteoclast population
Chondrocyte proliferation is promoted by 7-H-pyrrolo[2,3- d]pyrimidine via up-regulation of type II collagen matrix
Authors: Chen Jinsong , Zhang Lin , Zhang Junwu
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To investigate the effect of 7-H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivative (7-HPPD) on the viability of chondrocytes in vitro, and to elucidate the associated mechanisms.Methods: Chondrocyte proliferation was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay while cell cycle was assessed by flow cytometry. Western blot and immunohistochemical staining assays were used to determine protein levels.Results: The results show that 7-HPPD significantly increased the proliferation rate of chondrocytes in a concentration-dependent manner (p < 0.05). The proportion of chondrocytes in S phase increased significantly with subsequent reduction in G0/G1 phase of cell cycle on treatment with 7-HPPD (p <0.05). Thus, 7-HPPD increased the rate of chondrocyte proliferation by promoting transition through G1/S phase of cell cycle. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analysis revealed that treatment of chondrocytes with 7-HPPD caused a marked increase in the level of cyclin D1, cyclin dependent kinase (CDK)-4 and CDK6 proteins (p < 0.05). Western blot and immunohistochemical staining assays showed that 7-HPPD treatment caused a significant increase in the levels of type II collagen matrix in the chondrocytes.Conclusion: Proliferation of chondrocytes is increased by 7-HPPD and this occurs by facilitating G1/S phase transition and increasing expression of cyclin D1, CDK4 and CDK6 proteins. Therefore, 7-HPPD may be developed as a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of osteoarthritis.

Keywords: Immunohistochemistry, Type II collagen, G1/S phase, Cyclin D1, Osteoarthritis
Essential oil from Chenopodium ambrosioides L. induces mitochondrial-mediated pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related apoptosis in human liver cancer SMMC-7721 cells
Authors: Rui-Hua Qian , Xiao-Huan Zhu , Jun-Mei Hao , Jun-Mei Hao , Hai-Ying Li , Bo-Han Song , Qiu-Rong Ren , Zhao-Bin Chen , Zhao-Bin Chen , Dan-Wei Ma , Ya-Nan Wang
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To evaluate the cytotoxic effect of essential oil derived from Chenopodium ambrosioides L. in Sichuan Province on human liver cancer SMMC-7721 cells, as well as its possible molecular mechanisms.Methods: Cytotoxicity was characterized by MTT assay and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of SMMC-7721 cells ultrastructure. The apoptotic effect of the essential oil was evaluated by changes in mitochondrial membrane potential and Western blot assay.Results: MTT assay data indicate that the essential oil was cytotoxic to SMMC-7721 cells, while TEN revealed that there were vacuoles and nucleus fragmentation in the SMMC-7721 cell cytosol, cell swelling, and a large amount of leakage. Mitochondrial membrane potential assay and Western Blot data indicate that the essential oil induced cell apoptosis.Conclusion: The essential oil of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. in Sichuan Province seems to induce apoptosis of human liver cancer SMMC-7721 cells via the mitochondrial-mediated pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Thus, this plant requires further investigation as a potential source of ananti-liver cancer drug.

Keywords: Chenopodium ambrosioides Essential oil; Anti-tumor activity, Liver cancer Apoptosis, SMMC-7721 cells
Engelharquinone suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and proliferation of human liver cancer SMCC7721 cells via inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathway
Authors: Li Shan , Zhang Yan , Gao Aishe , Zhang Yue , Zhang Jiong
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To investigate the anti-tumor effect of engelharquinone (Eng) on human liver cancer SMCC7721 cells.Methods: GFP-labeled SMCC7721 cells were used to establish a tumor-bearing mice model used for determination of the effect of different  concentrations of Eng on tumor growth. The effect of Eng on SMCC7721 cell viability was determined with MTT assay and cell cycle analysis. The anti-inflammatory effect of Eng on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated SMCC7721 cells were determined through assay of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Besides, the effect of Eng on the expressions of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) was determined.Results: Cell proliferation was suppressed by different concentrations of Eng in LPS-treated SMCC7721 cells. Treatment of nude mice with Eng at high and low doses resulted in significant suppression of tumor growth and marked increases in percentage survival. Treatment of SMCC7721 cells with LPS upregulated the expressions of NF-κB, p65 and MAPK. However, pre-treatment of the cells with Eng suppressed the LPS-induced upregulation of the NF-κB, p65 and MAPK signaling pathways, and further downregulated the production of inflammatory cytokines in SMCC7721 cells.Conclusion: These results indicate that Eng inhibits LPS-induced inflammation and proliferation of human liver cancer SMCC7721 cells via a mechanism involving regulation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Thus, Eng has potentials for the clinical management of inflammatory diseases and liver cancer.

Keywords: Inflammation, Engelharquinone, Lipopolysaccharide, SMCC7721 cells, Toll-like receptor 4
Supporting health professionals after an adverse event in Swiss hospitals: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Reiser Crelier Franziska , Schwappach David , Schwendimann René
Published: June 2020

STUDY AIM
The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of organisational structures and processes for the support of second victims in Swiss hospitals.

METHODS
To identify institutional policies and support for health professionals who have been involved in an adverse patient event and become traumatised from the event, also called second victims, we conducted a cross-sectional, multicentre survey study. We targeted Swiss acute care, university and psychiatric hospitals, as well as rehabilitation and speciality clinics. A 13-item questionnaire was used to collect information from hospital quality managers regarding their institutions’ policies and support practices with respect to second victims. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics.

RESULTS
Overall, respondents from 116 hospitals completed the questionnaire (response rate 50.2%). Most institutional respondents reported both that they would like to receive information about adverse events and that their institutions offer related support. Of participating institutions, 60% indicated that they actively inform their personnel about second-victim support possibilities; however, only 31% specifically train supervisory personnel to deliver that support, and only 32% have hospital-specific guidelines in place for second victim support. University, acute care and speciality clinics were more likely to use such guidelines than psychiatric and rehabilitation clinics. Analysis indicated an association between hospital size and the existence of guidelines.

CONCLUSIONS
In Swiss hospitals, second victim support is generally prevalent, but often in an unstructured way. This lack of methodology increases the risk that, following adverse events, both the quantity and quality of support provided to health professionals will be insufficient. A firm commitment on the part of institutional leaders to implement related policies could foster the adoption of high-quality second victim guidelines in Swiss hospitals.
Contribution of Gender on Learning Readiness among School Students of Nepal
Authors: Dangol Rita , Shrestha Milan
Published: June 2020

Readiness is the prerequisite for the effective learning process among school students. Its absence can hinder the learning of the students and schooling as a whole. The purpose of this study is to examine the contributions of gender in learning readiness.  This study is based on the cross-sectional survey design and it employed purposive sampling to gather data from 400 students via questionnaire. Then, the data were analyzed employing both descriptive and parametric statistical measures, particularly independent sample t-test.  In the meantime, the researcher has incorporated the social capital theory for discussing the results. The derived result reveals that all dimensions (student, school, and family) elucidated the high level of learning readiness among students.  Likewise, gender makes significant contributions in learning readiness and its dimensions due to variation in the influences related to the existing social capitals among students.  Finally, it is wrapped up that without gender equality, the enhancement of learning readiness is not possible.
Una aproximación a la Esperanza en Joseph Ratzinger
Authors: Núñez Aguilera Miguel Ángel
Published: June 2020

Si bien la obra de Joseph Ratzinger es rica en interpolaciones sobre la esperanza, carece sin embargo de una presentación sistemática. La presente investigación, recogiendo todo el corpus ratzingeriano, pretende ofrecer una sistematización del tema esperanza, su fundamento bíblico, su estructura antropológica y su composición teológica.
A IMAGEM ILUSTRATIVA DO TEXTO LITERÁRIO NO LIVRO DIDÁTICO ADAPTADO EM LIBRAS: ANÁLISE DA APROPRIAÇÃO DO ALUNO SURDO
Authors: Garcia Miranda Dayse
Published: June 2020

O artigo analisa a aplicação, a um aluno surdo, de uma unidade de livro didático de Língua Portuguesa adaptado em Libras cujas questões norteiam o ensino e a aprendizagem do português como segunda língua e discute a imagem ilustrativa como recurso de linguagem auxiliar para a compreensão do texto literário, bem como suas diversas possibilidades de leitura e apreensão de significado. Pela pesquisa de metodologia de cunho etnográfico, identificam-se entraves durante as atividades, como a ausência de alinhamento do significado da imagem com o texto literário e o pouco acesso à compreensão da leitura por meio da Libras. Conclui que o livro didático adaptado em Libras não promoveu condições ideais para a criança surda aprender o português como segunda língua.
TRADUÇÕES COMENTADAS DE POESIAS EM E TRADUZIDAS PARA LÍNGUAS DE SINAIS: UM MÉTODO DE PESQUISA EM CONSOLIDAÇÃO
Authors: Aquino Albres Neiva
Published: June 2020

O presente artigo se propõe a contribuir com uma espécie de descrição e explicação da práxis de pesquisa em tradução, ou seja, dos modos de construir uma tradução comentada – método profícuo nos Estudos da Tradução. Pautados na análise dialógica do discurso de Bakhtin e do círculo (2010, 2016), utilizamos a pesquisa bibliográfica exploratória e análise qualitativa. Para tanto, selecionamos artigos científicos de traduções comentadas de poesias em e traduzidas para línguas de sinais no intuito de descrevê-los, analisá-los e compará-los. Elencamos as orientações metodológicas descritas pelos pesquisadores e propomos, ao final, um plano para a construção de traduções comentadas que envolvam obras em línguas de sinais, considerando a materialização do texto de partida ou de chegada em vídeo e as múltiplas semioses que permeiam a língua de sinais e a escrita acadêmica atualmente.
ENSAIOS SOBRE EÇA DE QUEIRÓS NO JORNAL DE LETRAS, ARTES E IDEIAS
Authors: Navarrete Tolomei Cristiane
Published: June 2020

Trata o presente texto de resultado de pesquisa que reuniu os ensaios publicados sobre o autor português Eça de Queirós no Jornal de Letras, Artes e Ideias _JL_, de Lisboa, de 1981 a 2013. Após visitas realizadas à Sala de Materiais Especiais, da Biblioteca Florestan Fernandes, da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, da Universidade de São Paulo, encontramos, no recorte temporal escolhido, 33 ensaios acerca do nosso objeto de estudo. Assim, trazemos para este artigo, de forma inédita, a catalogação e análise de quatro ensaios, como amostragem do material, verificando as diretrizes críticas e teóricas utilizados pelos autores das publicações, além de observar como os textos jornalísticos convergiram e/ou divergiram com as críticas queirosianas basilares e referenciais.
Need Of Interfaith Dialogue For Peace Building In Pakistan: An Approach Of Madrasa Teachers In South Punjab
Authors: Shah Mansoor Ali , Ranjha Asif Naveed
Published: June 2020

Dialogue among religions, as growing social need and tool for peace building, is coming on international limelight as response to intolerance and conflict. The phenomenon of interfaith dialogue is popularly carried out by sacred and religious leaders of varying faiths as being the most relevant stakeholders. This research was undertaken to explore the perspective of madrasa teachers about the need of interfaith dialogue in Pakistan. Male teachers of registered ahle-sunnat madaris in south Punjab constituted the population of the research study. 325 respondents were included in study by employing availability sampling technique. Five-point likert scale questionnaire was used to collect data. It was found from the results that teachers of madaris did not perceive interfaith dialogue as only step towards promotion of peace. Absence of interfaith dialogue has nothing to do with the phenomenon of terrorism, came up as opinion of madrasa teachers but in contrast some teachers took interfaith dialogue as helpful tool to control the peril of terrorism. Study also revealed that large number of madrasa teachers favored interfaith dialogue as instrumental to reduce the risk of conflict among various religious entities. Results also indicate that madrasa faculty considered interfaith dialogue needed to learn tolerance for counter beliefs. However many of the faculty members of madaris disowned the conduct of interfaith dialogue as their social responsibility.
Gender Representation in Primary Level English and Urdu Textbooks in Pakistan
Authors: Ali Rabia , Hussain Laila
Published: June 2020

The representation of gender in school textbooks is an area that has been researched in different contexts for decades. It is an area worth investigation because it has been established through research that gender biased textbooks provide hurdles for gender equality in many ways. Taking this as a point of departure this paper aims to examine the representation of male and female in primary level English and Urdu textbooks in Pakistan. To achieve its aim three public and private publishers i.e. AFAQ, National Book Foundation (NBF) and Oxford University Press (OUF) were selected. The text and images in these textbooks were analyzed by using qualitative content analysis. The representation of gender in the selected textbooks was seen through three major themes i.e. visibility of female and male through characters, photographs and narrator of the lesson; activities assigned and vocabulary used for both gender. The data clearly reveals that the visibility of males was much higher than that of females in photographs, images, characters and narrators. Regarding activities assigned to gender in all the selected textbooks women were mostly depicted to be involved in housework and engaged in personal and family activities while boys were shown to be working, playing and engaged in social activities. Finally, it was found that the vocabulary used in the textbooks was stereotypical reflecting existing gender stereotypes in the Pakistani culture. To reduce the gender biased attitude in textbooks it is suggested that a strong gender lens is needed while setting educational policies in the country.
The Sketches of 20th Century biographers in Urdu literature
Authors: Khan Muhammad Sajid
Published: June 2020

Biographies and Pen-Sketches are two separate branches and lots of these two are available in Urdu Literature as well as writings about these two categories but this article is an effort to find sketches of personalities related to the authors of biographies without whom the author's personality cant be revealed fully. These people may be the author's relatives, friends, peers, observers and other persons who has been with him/her at various stages of author's life. Amongst them may be their parents, children, spouse and other relatives as well as other in the same profession. A good biographer takes are of all the aspects, requirements and dimensions from start to end of an autobiography. A person is central to an autobiography can't be highlighted completely unless different aspects of his/her life are described with reference to other related people. This article focuses on the personalities around the central-to-a-biograpgy person and describes them in the light of various biographies in which he/she is talked about. To support this argument, examples are also taken from the biographies written after the selected biography so that it can be proved that biographers can also tell the importance of presented sketches of other personalities. Although these sketches are not written with any such plan, as compared to formal pen sketches, even then these can be considered important and complete to some extent and are comparable to pen sketches.
Sexual Harassment At Work Place: A Study Of Women Political Workers In Pakistan
Authors: Ali Aliyah , Siddiqi Rukhsana
Published: June 2020

Sexual harassment in the work place including political sphere is widespread in Pakistan but actual number of cases are not available, issue is still under the carpet. This unwanted and annoying sex-related behaviour and concealing phenomena is the part of all professions. The present study explored the contemporary status of harassment in Pakistani women political workers. For this exploratory research the data has collected from 200 women political workers through survey method with purposive and snow ball sampling procedures. The quantitative data has collected in different areas of Karachi. Findings of the study revealed that all respondents women have faced verbal and non-verbal harassment during election, demonstrations and their workplace as well. The results of the research shows that empowered women have no courage to report this heinous crime due to social pressure or fear because they do not want to destroy their chastity. In Pakistan, female participation in all professions including political sphere is increasing constantly and immediate need to address the issue of harassment at world of work.
Disability Policies In Pakistan: The Way Forward
Authors: Gul Razia
Published: June 2020

This research article reflects policy development regarding disabled people in Pakistan. International efforts and policy development for the wellbeing of disabled people paved the way for generating debates and discussions on the condition and the rights of disabled people in Pakistan. Subsequently, laws have been enacted for the protection and promotion of the rights of disabled people in the country. Available literature on the polices related to disabled people have been critically reviewed and discussed. UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) possesses immense and historic importance for inclusive society and it is being considered the first legally binding international treaty by which communities can hold their respective states for the enforcement of its articles and promote the quality of life of disabled people. Pakistan has ratified CRPD in the year 2011, following government’s commitment to promote social, political, economic and civil rights of disabled people. In this regard, Pakistan enacted sporadic but important laws both in Provincial and National Assemblies. However, these policies could not bring about changes in the lives of disabled people. There is no proper mechanism at national and local level to implement the policies developed for the wellbeing of such downtrodden people.
Communication And Its Role In Rural Development
Authors: Perveen Abida , Perveen Uzma
Published: June 2020

Media / Communication play an important role in the process of development. It can be used for raising awareness in masses about different issues. Professionals and experts are very well aware about the importance of media in their activities and they also formulate policies to accelerate the process of development. Therefore, in developed and developing nations media has great importance and it is related to socio-economic development. This study argues the growth of communication / media on international level and also analyzed its usage and effectiveness in westerns countries on the basis of social and economic change. Along with that other aspects like agriculture, health and some other sectors especially in rural areas are also in encircled. The key aspect of this study is that how media can improve the condition of rural people and which resources can be effective and useful for it.
Voluntarism To Social Work And Social Services In Bangladesh
Authors: Sarker Profulla C.
Published: June 2020

Natural disasters like floods, droughts, cyclones, storms, burning of houses and river bank erosion along with famine and poverty are the frequent causes of damage to crops, lives and property. Every year millions of people directly and indirectly become the victims of these natural calamities. Many of them are displaced by river bank erosion, and migrate to urban areas in search of employment. Many children are involved in child labor; the young girls are victims of trafficking for prostitution, and many of them are victims of violence while working as domestic maid servants. Many of the elderly people become beggars to survive due to the decline of joint family system. Many of the children do not get a chance to go to school. Many of the people have no ability for treatment due to financial constraints. Often the parents are not able to arrange marriage for their young daughters because of high demand of dowry. In many times to solve these problems, voluntary services play vital role in different perspectives. Voluntarism is a process of voluntary action to serve the people in distress situations. The main focus of this paper is to examine to what extent the social work and social services are rooted in voluntarism by individual, community and organizational initiatives in Bangladesh.
The Dissolution Of Muslim Marriage Act, 1939 May Provide More Rights To Women Of Subcontinent If Applied According To True Doctrine Of Maliki School Of Islamic Jurisprudence: An Overview
Authors: Arafat Yasir
Published: June 2020

Dissolution of Muslim Marriage Act, 1939 (DMMA) is sole document in the history of Sub continent, which is a departure from the Hānāfi School of Islamic thought. It is based on the Maliki School of Islamic jurisprudence. The two main purposes of this document were to grant women more right which were not there in the Hānāfi School of Islamic jurisprudence and to stop women from committing apostasy to get out of their marriage. However, when the DMMA is critically evaluated it is found that, DMMA may provide more right to women of subcontinent if applied according to real intention of Maliki school of islamic jurisprudence. In this paper an evaluation of the DMMA, 1939 is made just to clarify that there were more women rights hidden there but this law was not implimented in its real sense and also the basic purpose seems to be stop women from committing apostasy instead of giving more rights regarding dissolution of marriage.
An Analysis Of Women Leadership: Telescoping Benazir Bhutto And Indira Gandhi In South Asia
Authors: Ghani Fauzia , Ali Muhammad
Published: June 2020

Societies are made or marred by leaders. The rise and fall of dynasties are also due to the role played by the leaders. It is an acknowledged fact that leaders are the central actors of most of the activities of the world. Their dynamic role can determine the fate of the society in the context of politicoeconomic changes in positive manners. It is generally fixed impression that qualified leaders are rare and when it comes to woman leadership the fact becomes more accurate as women leadership is not experienced by many states. No matter, women have been playing a decisive role in all walks of life; however, it is evident that their participation in political matters and affairs as a leader is limited. When it comes to the case of South Asian politics, the women leadership is marginalized either due to their own training or because of prevailing political norms where male bias is unavoidable. This paper argues that in South Asian States particularly India and Pakistan, women leadership is not a regular feature of their politics rather they succeeded their father’s i.e. Benazir Bhutto and Indira Gandhi. Furthermore, this paper aimed at to give an insight to leadership qualities of both South Asian women leaders in connection with their polities .To narrow down their role, some variables have been chosen (Economic development, reorientation of political parties and women empowerment and participation).
Need And Importance Of Medical Social Work Practice: Evidence, Challenges And Prospects With Special Reference To Karachi City
Authors: Riaz Sakina
Published: June 2020

This study briefly describes the history of this profession and also discusses the role of Medical Social Worker in Pakistani context. Furthermore, it also outlines some contemporary issues in this field. The paper is divided into three sections, section one provides a concise introduction of social work practices at global level, section two covers the history of the profession with special reference to Pakistani pedagogies. The succeeding portion covers the recommendation and concludes with some of the main structural, systemic, and professional challenges that remain and a call to action. An attempt has been made by the authors for in-depth analysis of the various aspects of existing practices; identify the problems and prospects of Medical Social Work with especial reference to Karachi, an urban city of Pakistan. This study is an exploratory research and the researcher has employed qualitative methods to explore this issue.
Role Of Micro-Finance To The Empowerment of Women: A Case Study Of Karachi
Authors: Baig Nida , Rizwan-ul-Hassan Mohammad , Rehman Shafiq ur
Published: June 2020

This paper is an attempt to analyze the impact of micro financing to induce empowerment to those women who avail the facility of micro-credit in Pakistani society. The study examines the various business activities of women in Karachi who got capital through micro-financing and their socioeconomic status in family as well as society. The women empowerment as dependent variable has been used with three explanatory variables which are amount of micro-finance credit, age of the women and her family support to run her business. Logit Model is applied to assess the level of women empowerment because of binary dependent variable. Primary data has been collected through a questionnaire and in this way this is the first study in this research area using this methodology. Findings of the study indicates a positive correlation of all the variables to cause empowerment of women while family support to a woman has statistically significant impact to a woman. The study indicates the possibility of an improvement of society wellbeing and women empowerment if the direction of micro finance is focused towards women while the study is limited to Karachi region.
The Influence Of Endogenous Mother’s Bargaining Power On Her Child’s Schooling: Evidence From Pakistan
Authors: Fatima Ambreen , Iftikhar Faizan , Sultana Humera
Published: June 2020

This paper is an attempt to identify intra- household relationship among its members and its effects on child schooling. Specifically the article is designed to look for the answers of following questions: what are the principal determinants of power of mothers in making decisions or what is an appropriate way to measure decision- making power? How does this decision- making power of mothers in the household affects child schooling decision? Is this effect non-linear and non-monotonic as predicted by all recent literature? The objectives are explored by using the Living Standard Measurement Survey data of Pakistan for the period 2007-08. Article shows that the effect of any additional power given to mother’s increases child schooling but the effect is not non-monotonic.
Analysis Of Gender Stereotypes In Movies
Authors: Manzoor Seema , Rehma Dua-e- , Rauf Samina
Published: June 2020

Structure of the society is the arrangement of various factors on the basis of traditions and ethics, and these values are transferred from generation to generation. The most important thing is that the pattern of the society should be balanced, which is obviously not practical in our society as this trend is seen in all aspects of our life. Media is a very important institution, yet it has not portrayed women in positive manner. If we see film medium, women are represented as sex object and commodity in a stereotypical roles. This under representation of women in movies created imbalance in the society, yet it also embeds a negative and inferior image of women in people’s mind. In this study, to highlight these issues library research and content analysis is used to analyze gender stereotype in movies because women are projected and used as commodity in movies which distorts their image.
A Gender Analysis Of Health Policy In Pakistan
Authors: Nasreen Shagufta , Ali Aliyah
Published: June 2020

Pakistan is signatory to international commitments to promote gender equality and equity. This has seen introduction of a number of gender mainstreaming policy initiatives in the last ten years. Despite these initiatives gender mainstreaming still needs a lot to do in all sectors of policy. Therefore, aim of this research is to analyze the policies of health sector and analyze the extent to which it has been adapted to gender needs. For secondary analysis the original policy documents and other reports and studies related to the health sector were analyzed. Gender Reform Action Plan (GRAP) was also analyzed which is the main instrument through which the government of Pakistan seeks to address the deep rooted gender inequality in Pakistani society. Analysis shows that the redressing discrimination on gender biasness is necessary to ensure equality and equity to less class privileged groups. Results also show that in health policy the gender component is included but superficially. If policies do not consciously aim to reduce inequalities as their primary target, whether these inequalities are in the form of income/asset distribution, in access to effective social protection, or by way of legal citizenship rights, these policies will necessarily result in discrimination. Eliminating the social and economic hurdles that obstruct equality must be the foundation of every policy intention, otherwise policy initiatives will merely end up duplicating and reinforcing existing discrimination against marginalised sectors, especially women, minorities and the poor.
Correlates Of Turnover Intention Among Rescue 1122 Workers
Authors: Munawar Maryam , Sohail Talat
Published: June 2020

The aim of this research was to explore the correlates of Turnover Intention. The correlates included Organization-based Self-esteem (OBSE), Job Stress (JS), Emotional Intelligence (EI), and Health Risk Behaviour (HRB) among Rescue 1122 Workers. The study also aimed to explore Emotional Intelligence (EI) as a predictor of Turnover Intention (TI); Organizationbased Self-esteem (OBSE), Job Stress (JS) and Health Risk Behaviour (HRB) among Rescue 1122 Workers. The sample of the study consisted of 200 male Rescue 1122 Workers of Lahore city. Systematic Random Sampling was employed to gather data from participants. Correlational Research Design was used. The major tools of this study included Turnover Intention Scale, Organization based Self-esteem Scale, The Subjective Job Stress Scale, Emotional Intelligence Scale and Health Risk Behaviour Questionnaire. These above mentioned tools were used after taking consent from the participants. Correlation and Regression Analysis were applied on the data. The results showed that there was significant positive relationship between Turnover Intention and Job Stress. Furthermore there was significant negative relationship between Turnover Intention and OBSE. Moreover Emotional Intelligence (EI) was a significant predictor of OBSE, Job Stress (JS), and Health Risk Behaviour (HRB).
Psycho Social Consequences Of Broken Homes On Children: A Study Of Divorced, Separated, Deserted And Blended Families
Authors: Gul Ayesha , Nadeemullah Muhammad
Published: June 2020

Home is the first and instantaneous unit for every child. He or she is born into and consider as a full member of the home. Home is a recognized group of people who are joined together by marriage. Children from broken families are about five times more likely to suffer damaging mental problems than those whose parents are together. I have selected this topic because it’s a main social issue now days. Since the divorce rate is increasing rapidly, it affects the whole life of individual. The purpose of this research is to trace the effects of broken homes on the psycho, social and academic performances of a child. The researcher practiced snowball sampling in order to get through to their respondents. The total respondents on which this research is done are 170 children under the age group 10 to 18 year and selected through simple probability sampling with use of snowball sampling technique from four of the secondary schools with the help of Questionnaire and Interview Schedule. The study found the situation that the ratio avoid to go school and low grades of girls is higher than boys due to financial burdens as girls engage themselves in different income resources to overcome the financial crises. Study also found that due to aggressive nature, the boy often tend towards disobedience and suffers from anxiety after a series of hopeless thoughts towards tackling the different challenges. The study recommended it is possible to have healthy, adjusted kids after a divorce, and it is also possible to have a solid relationship with your children with lots of time together after divorce. And family researches should be conducted, so the psychologists, psychiatrists, sociologists and economists can more work over divorce and its consequences and for the betterment of the society.
Gender Difference In Cognitive Style And Career Decision Making Difficulties Of College Students
Authors: Shafeeq Sidrah , Loona Mamoona Ismail
Published: June 2020

Career decision making difficulties are one of the pivotal concerns of the students as well as the educational counsellors. Decision making is effected by the cognitive styles. The present study aimed to investigate the gender difference in cognitive style and career decision making difficulties of college students. For this purpose, students (N=541) including both female (N=236) and male (N=305) from twelve different colleges of Rawalpindi and Islamabad were approached, and they filled the Cognitive Style Indicator (Cools & Van den Broeck, 2007) and Career Decision-making Difficulties Questionnaire (Gati & Saka, 2001). The results of present study revealed that male students scored significantly high as compared to female students on Planning, subscale of cognitive style. Moreover, female students scored significantly high as compared to male students on Readiness, sub-scale of career decision-making difficulties questionnaire and male students scored significantly high as compared to female students on Inconsistent information, sub-scale of career decision-making difficulties questionnaire. This indicates that female students have significantly less difficulties as compared to male students on inconsistent information, this finding is unique in Pakistani context, as previous researches conducted in Pakistan reports that male students have less career decision making difficulties as compared to female students.
Exploring The Role Of Phronesis In Social Innovation: A Case Study Of Dr. Ruth Pfau
Authors: Waseem Ansar , Rashid Yasir
Published: June 2020

Although recent literature on social innovation proclaims its virtue in addressing unmet social needs. Yet little is known about the relationship between phronesis and social innovation. This paper aims to explore how a social entrepreneur uses phronesis in addressing a social problem. Taking case study as qualitative research inquiry, this paper uses the interviews and life account of Dr. Ruth Pfau (Late) on how she incorporated her phronesis in treating patients suffering from leprosy. The empirical evidences collected were analyzed using GIOIA data analysis. The results of the data analysis show that a social entrepreneur employs his/her practical wisdom, experiential knowledge, and value judgment in combating a social issue, and in doing so, uses phronesis in addressing a social problems and creating social innovation.
Manejo Quirúrgico de la Endometriosis Colorrectal
Authors: Casas María Agustina
Published: June 2020

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AHMEDÎ DİVANI’NDA HASTA KAVRAMI VE GÖZ HASTALIKLARI
Authors: GÜLER Meryem , BABÜR Yusuf
Published: June 2020

Klasik Türk Edebiyatı, bir saray edebiyatı olarak görülmesinin ötesinde halkın örf, adet, gelenek, görenek ve inançlarını yansıtan edebiyatımızın bir parçasıdır. Divan şiiri her ne kadar şairin hayal dünyasını sanatkârane üslûpla yansıtsa da realist özellikleri içinde barındırmıştır. Hele ki konu tıp ilmi olunca bunu eserlerinde ustalıkla işlemek aslında bir başarıdır. Tıp bedene yönelik bir bilim dalı iken, edebiyat ise tam tersine ruha yönelik bir ilim dalıdır. Buna rağmen edebiyat ve tıp birbiriyle sürekli iç içe olmuştur. Hastalıkların ve tedavi yöntemlerinin ele alınış biçimleri, cerrahi müdahale, ilaçla tedavi, mûsikî ve manevi tedavilerin çeşitleri ve koruyucu hekimliğin yıllar önce yapıldığına dair yansımalar beyitlerde kendini göstermiştir. Bu çalışmada ise canlı bir tablo misali Ahmedî Divanı esas alınarak hasta kavramı ve göz hastalıkları ile ilgili kullanılan terimler divan kültüründe farklı mazmunlarla, edebi sanatlarla geçmiş olduğu tespit edilmiş, eski dönemde kullanılan terim-ler, tedavi yöntemleri ve modern yöntemdeki tedavi yöntemleri ile karşılaştırılmıştır.