bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of high-concentration Cu-doped deuterated targets for fast ignition experiments
Authors: Ikeda Tomokazu , Kaneyasu Yumi , Hosokawa Hitomi , Shigemori Keisuke , Norimastu Takayoshi , Cadatal-Raduban Marilou , Nagai Keiji , Kojima Sadaoki , Abe Yuki , Miura Eisuke , Kitagawa Yoneyoshi , Takemura Mao , Wang Yubo , Dun Jinyuan , Guo Shuwang , Asano Shoui , Takizawa Ryunosuke , Fujioka Shinsuke , Shiraga Hiroyuki , Arikawa Yasunobu , Ozaki Tetsuo , Iwamoto Akifumi , Sakagami Hitoshi , Sawada Hiroshi , Mori Yoshitaka , Yamanoi Kohei
Published: November 2022

In high-energy-density physics, including inertial fusion energy using high-power lasers, doping tracer atoms and deuteration of target materials play an important role in diagnosis. For example, a low-concentration Cu dopant acts as an x-ray source for electron temperature detection while a deuterium dopant acts as a neutron source for fusion reaction detection. However, the simultaneous achievement of Cu doping, a deuterated polymer, mechanical toughness and chemical robustness during the fabrication process is not so simple. In this study, we report the successful fabrication of a Cu-doped deuterated target. The obtained samples were characterized by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Simultaneous measurements of Cu K-shell x-ray emission and beam fusion neutrons were demonstrated using a petawatt laser at Osaka University.
The use of simultaneous IBA techniques to fingerprint fine particle emissions during the Australian bushfire 2019-20 black summer event.
Authors: Cohen David D
Published: November 2022

The outputs of the multi-elemental IBA techniques of PIXE, PIGE, RBS and PESA have been used as inputs to positive matrix factorisation source apportionment methods to quantify and fingerprint bushfire smoke during the catastrophic black summer bushfires of 2019-20 season in NSW, Australia.
Differential Cross-section Measurements for Deuteron Elastic Scattering on 11B
Authors: Tsakiris Th , Cosic D , Dimitrakopoulos N , Kokkoris M , Krmpotić M , Lagoyannis A , Maragkos F , Provatas G , Ziagkova A
Published: November 2022

The implementation of boron in several fields, such as in the creation of p-type semiconductors in electronics, has created the need for the accurate quantitative determination of its depth profile concentrations in near surface layers of various matrices. In the framework of IBA techniques, a combination of Elastic Backscattering Spectroscopy (EBS), along with Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA), has been proposed in order to address the current needs for boron depth profiling, based on the use of a proton beam. Deuterons offer superior mass resolution with respect to protons, having similar stopping power values, but, unfortunately, the lack of experimental datasets concerning the deuteron elastic scattering on boron impedes their use. Thus, in the present work, the first set of measurements for the 11B(d,d0) differential cross sections covering the Ed,lab=1300-1860 keV energy range for the backscattering angles of 150°, 160° and 170° was carried out. The study was conducted at the 5.5 MV Tandem Accelerator of the Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics, in the National Center of Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Athens, Greece. The target was a thin, self-supporting aluminum foil, upon which a thin natB (isotopic ratio: 11B 80.1%, 10B 19.9%) layer was deposited using the sputtering technique at RBI, Zagreb, Croatia, followed by the evaporation of an ultra-thin layer of 197Au on top for wear protection and normalization purposes. The outgoing particles were detected using 6 Silicon Surface Barrier (S.S.B.) detectors and the differential cross sections for the elastic scattering were determined from the resulting spectra via the relative measurement technique.
Differential Cross-section Measurements for 3He Elastic Scattering on 16O and 27Al
Authors: Maragkos F , Bosmpotinis K , Cosic D , Fazinić S , Foteinou V , Kokkoris M , Krmpotić M , Patronis N , Provatas G , Taimpiri E , Tsakiris Th
Published: November 2022

In the present work measurements to determine the differential cross section values for the elastic scattering of 3He on 16O and 27Al were carried out at the Ruđer Bošković Institute (RBI) Tandem Accelerator Facility in Zagreb, Croatia, covering the E3He,lab=3500-5600 keV energy range, using four Silicon Surface Barrier (SSB) detectors positioned at the backscattering angles of 130°, 145°, 157.7° and 165ο. The target was constructed at the facility and was comprised of a thin, self-supporting aluminum foil, upon which a thin layer of natB (isotopic ratio: 11B 80.1%, 10B 19.9%), along with 12C, 14N, 16O, was deposited using the sputtering technique. In addition, an ultra-thin layer of 197Au was evaporated on top for wear protection and normalization purposes.
Analysis of Ion-Species of a Dedicated Duoplasmatron-type Ion Source for a 100 keV-Rage Compact Ion-Microbeam System
Authors: Ishii Yasuyuki , Ohkubo Takeru
Published: November 2022

Hydrogen-ion beam species generated by a dedicated duoplasmatron-type ion source that was developed for a MeV compact ion-microbeam system was experimentally analyzed in a test bench to study the ion source feature. Bimolecular and trimolecular hydrogen-ion beams were mainly generated by the duoplasmatron-type ion source. The ratio of the two different molecular hydrogen-ion beams was controlled by turning hydrogen-gas pressure. This experiment showed that the duoplasmatron-type ion source could produce a single molecular hydrogen-ion beam for ion-microbeam applications.
Calculated energy loss of swift light ions in platinum and gold: importance of the target electronic excitation spectrum
Authors: Abril Isabel , Vera Pablo de , Garcia-Molina Rafael
Published: November 2022

Understanding and predicting the energy loss of swift ions in metals is important for many applications of charged particle beams, such as analysis and modification of materials, and recently for modelling metal nanoparticle radiosensitisation in ion beam cancer therapy. We have calculated the stopping power of the transition metals Pt and Au for protons and alpha particles in a wide energy range, using the dielectric formalism, which realistically accounts for the excitation spectrum of each metal through the Mermin Energy Loss Function - Generalised Oscillator Strength methodology. For each combination of projectile, energy and target, we have considered: (i) the equilibrium charge state of the projectile through the target, (ii) the energy-loss due to electron capture and loss processes, and (iii) the energy loss resulting from the polarisation of the projectile’s electronic cloud due to the self-induced electric field. Our calculated stopping powers show a fairly good agreement with the available experimental data for platinum and gold, particularly the most recent ones around the stopping power maximum, which validates the methodology we have used to be further extended to other transition metals. For the materials studied (platinum and gold), two commonly used and different sources of the experimental excitation spectrum yield comparable calculated stopping powers and mean excitation energies, the latter being closer to the most recent data provided in a recent ICRU Report than to previous compilations. Despite the small differences in the sources of excitation spectra of these metals, they lead to practically the same stopping power results as far as they reproduce the main excitation features of the material and fulfil physically motivated sum rules.
Simulating the nanometric track-structure of carbon ion beams in liquid water at energies relevant for hadrontherapy
Authors: Vera Pablo de , Simonucci Stefano , Trevisanutto Paolo E. , Abril Isabel , Dapor Maurizio , Taioli Simone , Garcia-Molina Rafael
Published: November 2022

The nanometric track-structure of energetic ion beams in biological media determines the direct physical damage to living cells, which is one of the main responsibles of their killing or inactivation during radiotherapy treatments or under cosmic radiation bombardment. In the present work, detailed track-structure Monte Carlo simulations, performed with the code SEED (Secondary Electron Energy Deposition), are presented for carbon ions in a wide energy range in liquid water. Liquid water is the main constituent of biological tissues, and carbon ions are one of the most promising projectiles currently available for ion beam cancer therapy. The simulations are based on accurate cross sections for the different elastic and inelastic events determining the interaction of charged particles with condensed-phase materials. The latter are derived from the ab initio calculation of the electronic excitation spectrum of liquid water by means of time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), which is then used within the dielectric formalism to obtain inelastic electronic cross sections for both carbon ions and secondary electrons. Both the ionisation cross sections of water by carbon ions and the excitation and ionisation cross sections for electron impact are obtained in very good agreement with known experimental data. The elastic scattering cross sections for electrons in condensed-phase water are also obtained from ab initio calculations by solving the Dirac-Hartree-Fock equation. The detailed simulations fed with reliable cross sections allow to assess the contribution of different physical mechanisms (electronic excitation, ionisation and dissociative electron attachment –DEA–) to the carbon ion-induced direct biodamage.
Laser ablated silver nanoparticles doped blue light-emitting polymer optical fiber with enhanced photostability
Authors: Anugop B. , Kailasnath M.
Published: November 2022

Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of a stable polymer optical fibre doped with 1,4-bis (2-methylstyryl) benzene (Bis-MSB) that contains silver nanoparticles. Spherical silver nanoparticles of approximate size 15 nm were fabricated using nanosecond laser ablation. A Q-switched Nd: YAG laser operating at 355 nm was used to pump the polymer optical fiber in order to analyse its emission characteristics. The pump pulse energy (PPE) dependent emission spectra from the fiber were analyzed. The observed fluorescence emission was turned to amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) at a PPE of 2.5 mJ. The study demonstrates that the fibre offers superior photostability at an optimum concentration of Ag nanoparticles. The proposed fiber may find potential applications in the development of stable directional optical sources in the blue region.
Investigation of Intensity Dependent Nonlinear Absorption in Cerium Phosphate Nanorods
Authors: Peter Anita Mary , Ramya M , Kailasnath M.
Published: November 2022

Cerium Phosphate (CePO4) is a material that has attracted attention because of its unique properties, redox capabilities, and a wide variety of applications. Cerium Phosphate nanoparticles with a nanorod structure were successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal synthesis procedure using Cerium Nitrate Hexahydrate (Ce (NO3)3.6H2O) and Diammonium Hydrogen Phosphate ((NH4)2HPO4) as the precursors without adding any surfactants. The synthesized CePO4 nanorods were characterized using X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis which showed pure monoclinic nanorod structures. The linear absorption was analyzed by UV-visible absorption spectrometry. The nonlinear absorption was measured by the open aperture Z-scan technique using a Q switched Nd-YAG laser at 532nm. The Z-scan curve exhibited reverse saturable absorption. In this study, the dependence of nonlinear absorption of CePO4 on the intensity of incident light was investigated. The non-linear absorption coefficient was measured and it was found that the non-linear absorption decreased with the increasing intensity.
Nonlinear optical properties of AIE doped PMMA thin film upon restriction of intramolecular motion
Authors: Lakshmi R , Gopinath Pramod
Published: November 2022

Aggregation Induced Emission (AIE) is an interesting Photophysical phenomenon in which a series of molecules non-emissive in solution state become fluorescent upon aggregation or by structural rigidification. Restriction of intramolecular motion (RIM) is the basic principle of this phenomenon. Nonlinear absorption properties of AIE dye named Tertraphenylethylene (TPE) in Anisole and doping it in PMMA matrix is studied using Open Apperture (OA) Z-scan technique. OA Z-scan trace of TPE in anisole showed RSA in SA behaviour due to two photon induced excited state absorption while TPE doped PMMA film showed RSA behaviour with two photon absorption (TPA) as an underlying mechanism. Five level energy model is used to understand this change in nonlinearity. Optical limiting threshold shows only a slight change upon RIM.
Effect of Solution and Dry Processing Techniques on the Optical and Transport Properties of Inorganic CsPbBr3 Perovskite Films
Authors: Sujith P , Pratheek M , Aiswarya M , Babu Saranya , Parne Saidi Reddy , Predeep P.
Published: November 2022

Cesium-based inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite material possesses remarkable optoelectronic properties, such as high light absorption coefficient, high carrier mobility, and long diffusion length, and hence has promising applications in solar cells, photo-detectors, and high-energy radiation detectors, among others. Because of its simplicity, low cost, and high efficiency, spin-coating deposition for the CsPbBr3 perovskite layer for such diverse applications has been widely used. However, the spin-coating technique has technological constraints when it comes to uniformly deposit large-area films. Thermal evaporation, on the other hand, is inexpensive and produces a uniform and repeatable thin film. In this study, the stability, energy band alignment, surface morphologies, and light absorption of a CsPbBr3 perovskite layer produced by spin coating and thermal evaporation are investigated and discussed.
Design of BLDCM servo controller based on TMS320F28377D
Authors: Hao Yilong , Lou Yongchun , Hou Wenguo , Chen Xiaolong , Niu Lu
Published: November 2022

To meet the application requirements of high-precision and fast-response thrust vector control from a solid rocket motor, a digital and integrated servo controller for four brushless direct current motors was designed and implemented. The controller hardware system proposed in this paper includes control circuit module and drive circuit module. The former mainly includes power conversion circuit, DSP system circuit, A/D circuit, SPI communication interface circuit, and SCI communication interface circuit. The later mainly includes three-phase full-bridge six-arm drive circuit and optocoupler isolation circuit. The three closed-loop control strategies of position, speed and current based on PID control algorithm are adopted, and the mathematical model of the motor is established in Matlab/Simulink for verification. The structure composition and working principle of the servo controller are briefly introduced, and the hardware design scheme, software workflow and control strategy are described in detail. Experimental results show that the response speed and control accuracy of the proposed controller meet the technical requirements.
Wind Turbine Design and Assessment
Authors: Gu Lan , Zheng Liming
Published: November 2022

This project aims to design a wind turbine for the bam area of Zhangjiakou City, which has a relative high wind speed because of the good development prospect of China’s wind power. Based on the detailed investigation of wind speed and direction in the bam area of Zhangjiakou, the project designs a wind turbine that can produce as much energy as possible. The turbine with a hub height of 70 m, hub radius 1 m and radius 40 m is designed by using optimal blade design methods. Finally, the performance of wind turbine can be simulated by using the theory of blade element momentum and the corresponding annual energy yield can be calculated.
Silicon detectors beyond LHC — RD50 status report
Authors: Zareef F. , Oblakowska-Mucha A. , Szumlak T.
Published: November 2022

The last decade showed the leading role of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments in particle physics. To fully exploit its physics potential, the significant increase of LHC luminosity is planned. At the High luminosity Phase-II Upgrade (HL-LHC), foreseen for 2027, a peak instantaneous luminosity of 5 × 1034 cm−2, with an integrated luminosity of 3000 fb−1 is expected. The experiments will be subjected to radiation levels up to 2 × 1016 neq/cm2 at the innermost layers of the detectors. Since more than a decade the RD50 collaboration has been conducting a significant R&D program across experimental boundaries to create silicon sensors with adequate radiation tolerance for HL-LHC trackers. HV-CMOS sensors, 3D detectors, and low gain avalanche detectors (LGADs) are important areas of detector research and development. We will discuss the current state of research and development in numerous silicon detector domains, with a focus on 3D and LGAD detectors. We will also discuss the alternatives for detector selection experiments outside of the LHC, using the FCC as an example.
Detection of luminescence from Vitamin B2 plate during alpha particle irradiation
Authors: Yamamoto Seiichi , Kataoka Jun
Published: November 2022

Vitamin B2 (V-B2) is a material that converts shorter-wavelength light such as ultraviolet
(UV) light to longer-wavelength light. However, it is not clear whether longer-wavelength light is
produced by the irradiation of alpha particles. Because UV light such as Cherenkov light is
required to produce longer-wavelength light for V-B2 and alpha particles do not produce Cherenkov
light in a material, no light is expected to be emitted in V-B2 by the irradiation of alpha
particles. However, we irradiated alpha particles to a V-B2 plate and measured the produced light
in the plate. During irradiation of alpha particles, a significant amount of longer-wavelength
light was observed from the V-B2 plate. The luminescence intensity of the V-B2 plate during
irradiation of alpha particles was ∼1/6 of that of the plastic scintillator. The spectrum of
luminescence from the V-B2 plate during this irradiation was the same as that emitted by the
irradiation of ultraviolet (UV) light, which possibly indicates UV or shorter-wavelength light
production in the V-B2 plate by the irradiation of alpha particles. This longer-wavelength light
is not attributed to the UV light from the air scintillation by the alpha particles but to the
direct irradiation of alpha particles to the V-B2 plate. From these results, we conclude that the
luminescence of the V-B2 plate was the scintillation by the irradiation of alpha particles, or
other phenomenon that was; UV as well as shorter-wavelength visible light was produced in the V-B2
plate by the irradiation of alpha particles and that the longer-wavelength light was produced from
this light. The UV light was produced from the light generated by the dipole interaction of moving
secondary electrons with V-B2 or binder molecules and then converted to the longer-wavelength
light with a slower decay of the V-B2 in the plate that had high intensity due to the decreased
simultaneity of the light emission.
Pavement resurfacing and supply chains are significant contributors to PM2.5 exposure from road transportation: evidence from the San Francisco Bay Area
Authors: Greer Fiona , Bin Thaneya Ahmad , Apte Joshua S , Horvath Arpad
Published: November 2022

There are hundreds of millions of kilometers of paved roads and many people live in proximity. Pollution from road transportation is a well-documented problem potentially leading to chronic health impacts. However, research on the raw material production, construction, operation, maintenance, and end-of-life phases of paved roads, and corresponding supply chains, is generally limited to energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. No previous research efforts on the life-cycle stages of pavements and road operation connect pollutant emission inventories to intake of inhaled pollutants and resulting damages to exposed populations. We have developed a first-of-its-kind model quantifying human exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) due to emissions from routine pavement resurfacing and vehicle operation. We utilize the Intervention Model Pollution Source-Receptor Matrix to calculate marginal changes in ground-level PM2.5 concentrations and resulting exposure intake from a spatially resolved primary and secondary PM2.5 emission precursors inventory. Under a scenario of annual road-resurfacing practices within the San Francisco Bay Area in California (population: 7.5 million), resurfacing activities, material production and delivery (i.e. cement, concrete, aggregate, asphalt, bitumen), and fuel (i.e. gasoline, diesel) supply chains contribute almost 65% to the annual PM2.5 intake from all the sources included in the study domain (the remaining 35% being due to on-road tailpipe emissions). Exposure damages range from $170 to $190 million (2019 USD). Complete electrification of on-road mobile sources would reduce annual intake by 64%, but a sizable portion would remain from material supply chains, construction activities, and brake and tire wear. Future mitigation policies should be enacted equitably. Results show that people of color experience higher-than-average PM2.5 exposure disparities from the emission sources included in the study, particularly from material production.
Divergent impacts of crop diversity on caloric and economic yield stability
Authors: Driscoll Avery W , Leuthold Sam J , Choi Eunkyoung , Clark Samantha M , Cleveland Daniel M , Dixon Mary , Hsieh Marian , Sitterson Jan , Mueller Nathaniel D
Published: November 2022

Food security and the agricultural economy are both dependent on the temporal stability of crop yields. To this end, increasing crop diversity has been suggested as a means to stabilize agricultural yields amidst an ongoing decrease in cropping system diversity across the world. Although diversity confers stability in many natural ecosystems, in agricultural systems the relationship between crop diversity and yield stability is not yet well resolved across spatial scales. Here, we leveraged crop area, production, and price data from 1981 to 2020 to assess the relationship between crop diversity and the stability of both economic and caloric yields at the state level within the USA. We found that, after controlling for climatic instability and differences in irrigated area, crop diversity was positively associated with economic yield stability but negatively associated with caloric yield stability. Further, we found that crops with a propensity for increasing economic yield stability but reducing caloric yield stability were often found in the most diverse states. We propose that price responses to changes in production for high-value crops underly the positive relationship between diversity and economic yield stability. In contrast, spatial concentration of calorie-dense crops in low-diversity states contributes to the negative relationship between diversity and caloric yield stability. Our results suggest that the relationship between crop diversity and yield stability is not universal, but instead dependent on the spatial scale in question and the stability metric of interest.
Promoting seasonal prediction capability of the early autumn tropical cyclone formation frequency over the western North Pacific: effect of Arctic sea ice
Authors: Zhang Peng , Wu Zhiwei , Zhu Zhiwei , Jin Rui
Published: November 2022

Seasonal prediction of tropical cyclone (TC) activity has been a hot research theme in the past decades. Usually, the tropical sea surface temperatures (SSTs) provide considerable predictability sources for the western North Pacific (WNP) TC activity. Here, we emphasized that the Chukchi-Beaufort (C-B) and Greenland (GL) sea ice variability is closely linked to the year-to-year variations of the early autumn WNP TC formation frequency (TCF). Observational and numerical evidence proved that the excessive C-B and GL sea ice sustains from August to the following early autumn and triggers the southeastward propagation of the Rossby wave trains originating from the Arctic across Western Eurasia (Okhotsk Sea) to the WNP. The resultant anomalous low pressure over WNP provides suitable environmental conditions for TC formation―the enhancement of the lower-level relative vorticity and water moisture, and the decrease of vertical wind shear. For the reduced sea ice, an opposite situation tends to emerge. The persistent combined sea ice signal makes it a physically meaningful precursor for TCF prediction. The cross-validated hindcast and independent forecast based on both the tropical SST and the Arctic sea ice precursors present that the TCF index is predicted with much higher correlation coefficients than those of the empirical models with only the tropical SST predictors. The results demonstrate that the Arctic sea ice truly promotes the seasonal prediction capability of the WNP TCF.
Varying contributions of greenhouse gases, aerosols and natural forcings to Arctic land surface air temperature changes
Authors: Yu Linfei , Leng Guoyong , Tang Qiuhong
Published: November 2022

The Arctic has warmed rapidly over the past century, with widespread negative impacts on local and surrounding environments. Previous studies have estimated the overall effects of individual groups of anthropogenic forcing agents on Arctic warming. However, the spatial patterns and temporal variabilities of the separate contributions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), natural forcing agents (NATs; solar radiation and volcanic activity combined) and other anthropogenic (OANT) forcing agents (which are dominated by aerosols) on Arctic land surface air temperatures remain underexamined. Here, we use CMIP6 (the Sixth Phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project) models to quantify the separate contributions of GHGs, NATs and OANT forcing agents to Arctic land surface air temperature changes and analyze their spatial and temporal change patterns from 1915 to 2014. The results show that GHGs alone have warmed the Arctic by 2.72 °C/century (90% confidence interval: 1.42 °C–4.03 °C), 61.8% of which has been offset by OANT agents. The GHG-induced warming peaks are found in Ellesmere Island, Severnaya Zemlya and Svalbard (above 4 °C/century), while the largest cooling effects (above −2 °C/century) induced by OANT agents occurred in Krasnoyarsk Krai and Severnaya Zemlya. A further temporal evolution analysis indicates that the effects of GHGs and OANT forcings have been gradually and robustly detected over time; this increases our confidence in projecting future Arctic climate changes via CMIP6 models.
Tropical cyclone over the western Pacific triggers the record-breaking ‘21/7’ extreme rainfall in Henan, central-eastern China
Authors: Yu Yang , Gao Tao , Xie Lian , Zhang Rong-Hua , Zhang Wei , Xu Hongxiong , Cao Fuqiang , Chen Bin
Published: November 2022

During 19–21 July 2021, Henan located in central-eastern China experienced torrential rainfall that caused devastating floods and claimed more than 300 casualties. It remains unclear whether and to what extent this extreme precipitation event is contributed by Typhoon In-Fa (TIF). Here we quantify the contribution of TIF to this record-breaking ‘21/7’ rainfall using an air–sea coupled model with ensemble simulations. The modeling results show that the northwestward moisture transport along the confluence front of TIF and the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) contribute mostly to the precipitation extremes across Henan. A sensitivity experiment that removes the TIF effect confirms TIF’s role in shaping extreme rainfall. Specifically, without TIF, WPSH shifts the moisture transport northeastward and causes a heavy rainband over the Korean Peninsula, with much less precipitation over Henan. The water vapor budget over Henan suggests that the TIF-induced moisture advection is nine times greater than the local moisture supply and is effectively converted into clouds therein to reinforce precipitation extremes. The contribution of TIF to the ‘21/7’ Henan torrential rainfall on average could be as large as 42% by comparing the differences between simulated results with and without TIF’s effects.
Radius of gyration, contraction factors, and subdivisions of topological polymers
Authors: Cantarella Jason , Deguchi Tetsuo , Shonkwiler Clayton , Uehara Erica
Published: November 2022

We consider the topologically constrained random walk model for topological polymers. In this model, the polymer forms an arbitrary graph whose edges are selected from an appropriate multivariate Gaussian which takes into account the constraints imposed by the graph type. We recover the result that the expected radius of gyration can be given exactly in terms of the Kirchhoff index of the graph. We then consider the expected radius of gyration of a topological polymer whose edges are subdivided into n pieces. We prove that the contraction factor of a subdivided polymer approaches a limit as the number of subdivisions increases, and compute the limit exactly in terms of the degree-Kirchhoff index of the original graph. This limit corresponds to the thermodynamic limit in statistical mechanics and is fundamental in the physics of topological polymers. Furthermore, these asymptotic contraction factors are shown to fit well with molecular dynamics simulations, which should be useful for predicting the g-factors of topological polymer models with excluded volume.
Noise effects on Padé approximants and conformal maps*
Authors: Costin Ovidiu , Dunne Gerald V , Meynig Max
Published: November 2022

We analyze the properties of Padé and conformal map approximants for functions with branch points, in the situation where the expansion coefficients are only known with finite precision or are subject to noise. We prove that there is a universal scaling relation between the strength of the noise and the expansion order at which Padé or the conformal map breaks down. We illustrate this behavior with some physically relevant model test functions and with two non-trivial physical examples where the relevant Riemann surface has complicated structure.
Study of an asymmetry tunnel FET biosensor using junctionless heterostructure and dual material gate
Authors: Xie Haiwu
Published: November 2022

In recent years, label-free sensors have been studied extensively for biomolecule detections. Label-free biosensors based on MOSFETs could achieve high detection sensitivity, the subthreshold swing of such sensors cannot break the limitation of 60 mV Dec−1 due to the physical mechanism of thermal electron emission. However, subthreshold swing less than 60 mV Dec−1 can be achieved in biosensors based on tunnel FETs working in band to band tunneling (BTBT) mode. Usually, label-free biosensors have a nanogap under the gate electrode both in MOSFET and tunnel FET (TFET), which can electrically sense the characteristics of biomolecules by dielectric constant modulation effect. In this article, we propose a novel nanogap embedded and dielectric modulated asymmetry tunnel FET biosensor with junctionless heterostructure and dual material gate, where different biomolecules can be detected effectively by adjusting the workfunctions for gate electrodes. Influences of tunnel gate, auxiliary gate and back gate workfunctions on sensitivities are explored. In addition, device-level gate effects are simulated by considering neutral and charged biomolecules. The influence of different dielectric constant at fixed charge density is also studied. Simulation results show that asymmetry dual material gate junctionless heterostructure tunnel FET (ADMG-HJLTFET) biosensor can provide higher switch ratio and higher sensitivity.
DAESTB: inferring associations of small molecule–miRNA via a scalable tree boosting model based on deep autoencoder
Authors: Peng Li , Tu Yuan , Huang Li , Li Yang , Fu Xiangzheng , Chen Xiang
Published: November 2022

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are closely related to a variety of human diseases, not only regulating gene expression, but also having an important role in human life activities and being viable targets of small molecule drugs for disease treatment. Current computational techniques to predict the potential associations between small molecule and miRNA are not that accurate. Here, we proposed a new computational method based on a deep autoencoder and a scalable tree boosting model (DAESTB), to predict associations between small molecule and miRNA. First, we constructed a high-dimensional feature matrix by integrating small molecule–small molecule similarity, miRNA–miRNA similarity and known small molecule–miRNA associations. Second, we reduced feature dimensionality on the integrated matrix using a deep autoencoder to obtain the potential feature representation of each small molecule–miRNA pair. Finally, a scalable tree boosting model is used to predict small molecule and miRNA potential associations. The experiments on two datasets demonstrated the superiority of DAESTB over various state-of-the-art methods. DAESTB achieved the best AUC value. Furthermore, in three case studies, a large number of predicted associations by DAESTB are confirmed with the public accessed literature. We envision that DAESTB could serve as a useful biological model for predicting potential small molecule–miRNA associations.
Modulation effect of low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation on REM and NREM sleep
Authors: Wang Teng , Wang Xingran , Tian Yanfei , Gang Wei , Li Xiaoli , Yan Jiaqing , Yuan Yi
Published: November 2022

Previous studies have shown that modulating neural activity can affect rapid eye movement (REM) and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) can effectively modulate neural activity. However, the modulation effect of TUS on REM and NREM sleep is still unclear. In this study, we used ultrasound to stimulate motor cortex and hippocampus, respectively, and found the following: (i) In healthy mice, TUS increased the NREM sleep ratio and decreased the REM sleep ratio, and altered the relative power and sample entropy of the delta band and spindle in NREM sleep and that of the theta and gamma bands in REM sleep. (ii) In sleep-deprived mice, TUS decreased the ratio of REM sleep or the relative power of the theta band during REM sleep. (iii) In sleep-disordered Alzheimer’s disease (AD) mice, TUS increased the total sleep time and the ratio of NREM sleep and modulated the relative power and the sample entropy of the delta and spindle bands during NREM and that of the theta band during REM sleep. These results demonstrated that TUS can effectively modulate REM and NREM sleep and that modulation effect depends on the sleep state of the samples, and can improve sleep in sleep-disordered AD mice.
Marine omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and prevention of cardiovascular disease: update on the randomized trial evidence
Authors: Bassuk Shari S , Manson JoAnn E ,   for the VITAL Research Group
Published: November 2022

To date, the VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL) is the only large-scale randomized trial of marine omega-3 fatty acid (n−3 FA) supplementation for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention in a general population unselected for elevated cardiovascular risk. We review the findings of VITAL, as well as results from recent secondary prevention trials and updated meta-analyses of n−3 FA trials in the primary and secondary prevention of CVD. In VITAL, a nationwide sample of 25 871 US adults aged 50 and older, including 5106 African Americans, were randomized in a 2 × 2 factorial design to n−3 FAs (1 g/day; 1.2:1 ratio of eicosapentaenoic to docosahexaenoic acid) and vitamin D3 (2000 IU/day) for a median of 5.3 years. Compared with an olive oil placebo, the n−3 FA intervention did not significantly reduce the primary endpoint of major CVD events [composite of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and CVD mortality; hazard ratio (HR) = 0.92 (95% confidence interval 0.80–1.06)] but did significantly reduce total MI [HR = 0.72 (0.59–0.90)], percutaneous coronary intervention [HR = 0.78 (0.63–0.95)], fatal MI [HR = 0.50 (0.26–0.97)], and recurrent (but not first) hospitalization for heart failure [HR = 0.86 (0.74–0.998)]. The intervention neither decreased nor increased risk of atrial fibrillation. African Americans derived the greatest treatment benefit for MI and for recurrent hospitalization for heart failure (P interaction < 0.05 for both outcomes). Meta-analyses that include VITAL and high-risk or secondary prevention n−3 FA trials show coronary, but generally not stroke, risk reduction. More research is needed to determine which individuals may be most likely to derive net benefit. (VITAL clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01169259).
The Association of Inflammatory Bowel Disease with Coeliac Disease and Coeliac Autoimmunity in Children and Adults: A Nationwide Study from the epi-IIRN
Authors: Kori Michal , Zamir Yonatan , Yermiyahu Sami Or , Ainbinder Inessa , Daichman Svetlana , Pinto Gavriel David , Loewenberg Weisband Yiska , Greenfeld Shira , Kariv Revital , Lederman Natan , Matz Eran , Shamir Raanan , Dotan Iris , Turner Dan
Published: November 2022

Background and Aims

Given the paucity of population-based data on the association between inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD], coeliac disease [CeD], and coeliac autoimmunity [CeA] we aimed to study the associations in a nationwide study.

Methods

Using health administrative data for all four health maintenance organisations in Israel, covering 98% of the population, we explored the prevalence of CeD in children and adults with IBD versus non-IBD matched controls. CeD was defined by three ICD-9 codes and CeA by positivity for tissue transglutaminase antibodies.

Results

In total, 34 375 IBD patients (56% Crohn’s disease [CD] and 44% ulcerative colitis [UC]) were compared with 93 603 non-IBD controls. Among IBD patients, 319 [0.93%] had CeD versus 294 [0.31%] non-IBD controls (odds ratio [OR] = 2.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.54-3.48; p <0.001). CeA was identified in 575 [1.67%] IBD patients vs 158 [0.17%] controls [OR = 10.06, 95% CI 8.43-12; p <0.001]. The prevalence of CeD was higher in paediatric-onset IBD (87/5243 [1.66%]) than adult-onset IBD (232/29 132 [0.79%]; p <0.001). CD patients had a higher prevalence of CeD (229/19 264 [1.19%]) than UC patients (90/15 111 [0.56%]; OR = 2.01, 95% CI 1.57-2.56; p <0.001). The diagnosis of CeD preceded the diagnosis of IBD in 241/319 cases [76%]. The time to treatment escalation was shorter in patients with both IBD and CeD than in patients with IBD without CeD [p = 0.017].

Conclusion

CeD and CeA are more prevalent in IBD patients, especially in paediatric-onset IBD and in CD. The diagnosis of CeD usually precedes that of IBD. Having CeD is associated with more intensified treatment for IBD.
Does forming a nuclear family increase religiosity? Longitudinal evidence from the British Household Panel Survey
Authors: Blekesaune Morten , Skirbekk Vegard
Published: November 2022

This study investigates how far the nuclear family—in terms of entering cohabitation and marriage and having a first and second child—affects religious salience, religious attendance, and activity in religious organizations. Previous research has shown that religious individuals are more likely to marry, and have higher fertility, than non-religious individuals. Less is known about how far the nuclear family also affects religiosity. This study presents longitudinal evidence on how religious factors change within the life-course of individuals after entering cohabitation or marriage and after having a first or second child in up to 14 waves of the British Household Panel Survey collected between 1991 and 2009. The comparison between longitudinal and cross-sectional results indicates how far religious factors affect family formation processes. All religious factors investigated (salience, attendance, activity) increased when people became parents, as well as when they married, but not when they started to cohabit. Most of these effects are long-lasting and they hold across age, gender and cohort groups.
The Saint Bartholomew’s Day massacre up close
Authors: Hamilton Tom
Published: November 2022

This review article discusses how Jérémie Foa’s prize-winning book Tous ceux qui tombent: visages de la Saint-Barthélemy (2021) gives a history of the Saint Bartholomew’s Day massacre up close. It examines how Foa takes a fresh approach to the Massacre, one that ‘turns its back on the Louvre, sets aside the monarch as well as the Guise and their intrigues, and ignores Coligny and the Queen Mother’. Instead, it evaluates Foa’s powerful interpretation of Saint Bartholomew’s Day as a neighbourhood massacre (‘massacre de proximité’), an act of extreme violence committed by killers who often lived on the same road as their victims.
Fake news mediate the relationship between sociopolitical factors and vaccination intent in Brazil
Authors: de Medeiros Priscila Muniz , Muniz de Medeiros Patrícia
Published: November 2022

Vaccination hesitancy has become a central concern and is a barrier to overcoming the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) crisis. Studies have indicated that mis/disinformation plays a role on the attitudes and behaviours towards vaccination. However, further formal statistical models are required to investigate how fake news relates to vaccination intent and how they mediate the relationship between socioeconomic/political factors and vaccination intent. We studied a sample of 500 Brazilians and found that people were mostly not susceptible to vaccine mis/disinformation. In addition, we found that their vaccination intent was high. However, suspicions that fake news could be true raised doubts over the vaccination intention. Although age and political orientation directly influenced vaccination intent, we found that the relationship between socioeconomic/political factors and vaccination intent was strongly mediated by belief in fake news. Our results raise the need to create multiple strategies to combat the dissemination and acceptance of such content.
Promoter replacement of ANT1 induces anthocyanin accumulation and triggers the shade avoidance response through developmental, physiological and metabolic reprogramming in tomato
Authors: Cerqueira João Victor Abreu , Zhu Feng , Mendes Karoline , Nunes-Nesi Adriano , Martins Samuel Cordeiro Vitor , Benedito Vagner , Fernie Alisdair R , Zsögön Agustin
Published: November 2022

The accumulation of anthocyanins is a well-known response to abiotic stresses in many plant species. However, the effects of anthocyanin accumulation on light absorbance and photosynthesis are unknown . Here, we addressed this question using a promoter replacement line of tomato constitutively expressing a MYB transcription factor (ANTHOCYANIN1, ANT1) that leads to anthocyanin accumulation. ANT1-overexpressing plants displayed traits associated with shade avoidance response: thinner leaves, lower seed germination rate, suppressed side branching, increased chlorophyll concentration, and lower photosynthesis rates than the wild type. Anthocyanin-rich leaves exhibited higher absorbance of light in the blue and red ends of the spectrum, while higher anthocyanin content in leaves provided photoprotection to high irradiance. Analyses of gene expression and primary metabolites content showed that anthocyanin accumulation produces a reconfiguration of transcriptional and metabolic networks that is consistent with, but not identical to those described for the shade avoidance response. Our results provide novel insights about how anthocyanins accumulation affects the trade-off between photoprotection and growth.
Coping with Complexity: Toward Epistemological Pluralism in Climate–Conflict Scholarship
Authors: Beaumont Paul , Coning Cedric de
Published: November 2022

Over the last two decades, climate security has become an increasingly salient policy agenda in international fora. Yet, despite a large body of research, the empirical links between climate-change and conflict remain highly uncertain. This paper contends that uncertainty around climate–conflict links should be understood as characteristic of complex social–ecological systems rather than a problem that can be fully resolved. Rather than striving to eliminate uncertainty, we suggest that researchers need to learn to cope with it. To this end, this article advances a set of principles for guiding scholarly practice when investigating a complex phenomenon: recognizing epistemological uncertainty, embracing epistemological diversity, and practicing humility and dialogue across difference. Taken together we call this ethos epistemological pluralism, whereby scholars self-consciously recognize the limits of their chosen epistemology for understanding the climate–conflict nexus and engage with other approaches without attempting to usurp them. Reviewing the last decade of climate–conflict scholarship, we show that climate–conflict research already manifests many of these ideals; however, we also identify problematic patterns of engagement across epistemological divides and thus plenty of scope for improvement. To illustrate why a diversity of methods (e.g., qualitative and quantitative) will not suffice, the article critically discusses prior research to illustrate why at least two epistemological approaches—constructivism and positivism—cannot be synthesized or integrated without significant analytical cost, and elaborates why excluding insights from any one would lead to an impoverished understanding of the climate–conflict nexus. We conclude with five practical recommendations of how scholars can help realize the ideal of epistemological pluralism in practice.
Massive Burn Injuries: Characteristics and Outcomes From a Single Institution
Authors: Heard J , Cronin Laura , Romanowski K , Greenhalgh D , Palmieri T , Sen S
Published: November 2022

Massive burn injuries are a unique patient population with unique treatment paradigms. Data from 155 adult patients, admitted from 2009 to 2019, with >50% total body surface area burns (TBSA) were collected and analyzed. Average burn size was 70% TBSA and 63% had a concomitant inhalation injury. Approximately 30% of patients (46/155) transitioned to comfort care-only measures within 24 hours of admission. Standard treatment patients were younger (37 ± 13 vs 60 ± 19 years; p < .00001), male (94% vs 28%; p = .001) and had smaller TBSA (66 ± 13 vs 80 ± 16; p < .00001). Of the standard treatment group, 72 (66%) survived to discharge. Survivors had smaller TBSA (64 ± 13 vs 71 ± 13; p = .003), less third-degree TBSA (48 ± 25 vs 71 ± 13; p = .003) and lower incidence of renal failure requiring dialysis (22% vs 73%, p < .00001). Multivariate regression analysis showed that age (OR 1.05; p = .025), total TBSA (OR 1.07; p = .005), and renal failure (OR 10.2; p = .00005) were independently associated with mortality. Inhalation injury was not significantly associated with mortality. About 23% (35/155) of patients had a psychiatric condition on admission and 19% (30/155) of patients were burned attempting suicide. Patients with psychiatric conditions spent more time in the hospital (62 vs 30 days; p = .004), more time on ventilator (31 vs 12 days; p = .046), underwent more surgery (4 vs 2 operations, p = .03), and were less likely to die (34% vs 59%; p = .02). In summary, age, burn size, and renal failure were independently associated with mortality, with renal failure being the strongest factor. Psychiatric conditions are prevalent pre-injury and tend to require more inpatient care.