bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The building industry as an object of criminal law protection
Authors: Olenchenko Nataliya Gennadiyevna
Published: January 2025

The article is devoted to the analysis of criminal law protection of the building industry as a necessary element of sustainable development of this branch of the Ukrainian economy. The relevance of this direction of research is determined, taking into account the extremely important role of the building industry in the economy. The essence of the term «object of criminal protection» in the theory of criminal law and its relationship with the related concept «object of crime» are analyzed. It was determined that these concepts are not identical, although they are closely related.

Building industry is defined as a combination of the following elements: new construction, restoration, reconstruction, and capital repair. Peculiarities of building legislation of Ukraine are analyzed. Socially significant signs of building legal relations as an object of criminal law protection have been established. The dualism of these legal relations, which contain both private law and public law components, is defined. It was established that the private-law segment of building legal relations mediates contractual relations between construction market participants, while the public-law segment of construction legal relations is aimed at ensuring general public interests, ensuring the sustainable development of settlements and rational use of land for residential, industrial and other construction.

The author’s definition of the construction industry as an object of criminal law protection is formulated, which is a set of public-law and private-law social relations regulated by the norms of building legislation with the aim of ensuring a balance between the private-law interests of construction market participants and general public interests in the field of building industry (new construction, reconstruction, restoration, capital repair of the construction object).

Key words: building industry, criminal offense, crime, criminal law enforcement, object of crime, criminal liability, criminalization
Problems of Application by the Courts of Ukraine of Article 431 «Fulfilment of the Duty to Protect the Motherland, Independence and Territorial Integrity of Ukraine» of the Criminal Code of U
Authors: Stetsyuk Serhiy Serhiyovych
Published: January 2025

The article highlights the problem of application of Article 431 «Fulfilment of the duty to protect the Motherland, Independence and Territorial Integrity of Ukraine» of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. It is stated that there is no uniform approach in the court practice as to when the actions of Ukrainian citizens are considered to be aimed at repulsing and deterring the armed aggression of the Russian Federation or the aggression of another country. When it comes to establishing the signs of this circumstance, which excludes the criminal unlawfulness of an act, in the case of accusing a citizen of Ukraine of committing a criminal offence under Article 263 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, the courts take into account whether the accused was given firearms by representatives of the authorities or territorial defence of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and what function the person performed at the time or in the process of committing the unlawful acts. It is established that the courts mostly apply Article 431 of the CC not independently, but simultaneously with Article 39 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, determining first of all the signs of extreme necessity in the actions of a person, which, in the opinion of the courts, are expressed in the special signs provided for in Article 431 of this Code. The author believes that this approach is erroneous, since the extreme necessity and fulfilment of the duty to protect the Motherland, independence and territorial integrity of Ukraine are independent circumstances which exclude criminal unlawfulness of an act and are subject to separate application. It is stated that if the signs provided for in Article 431 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine are established in the actions of a person, the criminal proceedings are subject to closure due to the absence of signs of the criminal offence of which he/she was accused, with the court delivering an acquittal. At the same time, the closure of criminal proceedings at the stage of preparatory court proceedings without the court establishing the actual circumstances in this case is unreasonable.

Key words: circumstance excluding the criminal unlawfulness of an act, fulfilment of the duty to protect the Motherland, independence and territorial integrity of Ukraine, extreme necessity, criminal offence, deterrence of armed aggression of the Russian Federation, repulsion of armed aggression of the Russian Federation, criminal liability, sentence, court, plea of not guilty, closure of criminal proceedings.
Digitalization of the Algerian Transportation Sector
Authors: Sekıou Anwar , Dahmani Redha
Published: January 2025

This research endeavors to shed light on the pivotal significance of advancing the public transport sector in Algeria, emphasizing the urgent need for a thorough examination of the factors influencing the integration of electronic payment systems. This research scrutinizes the determinants influencing the adoption of the Hafilati application-an electronic payment and bus tracking system introduced by the Urban and Semi-Urban Transport public institution in Tiaret. Employing the Technology Acceptance Model and structural equation modelling, the study investigates the attitudes and behaviors of 296 customers regarding the adoption of these services. The results highlight a robust correlation between perceived benefits and the intention of customers to use the services. Conversely, perceived risks exhibit a negative impact on both perceived benefits and the ease of use. This examination significantly advances our understanding of the pivotal factors shaping the adoption of digital technologies within the transport sector. It sheds light on crucial considerations for stakeholders and policymakers, providing valuable insights into enhancing the acceptance and utilization of such technological innovations in urban and semi-urban transportation settings.
Osmanlı’dan Cumhuriyet’e Modernleşme Sürecinde Kamu Hizmetine Girme Hakkı ve Yurttaşlık Olgusu Arasındaki Bütünleşme
Authors: Dülgar İmren Pınar
Published: January 2025

Kamu hizmetine girmenin herkese eşit tanınan bir hak olarak kabulü ve bu hakkın ulus devlete özgü yurttaşlık olgusuyla iç içe geçmesi, Batı’da 18. yüzyılın sonunda yaşanan toplumsal ve siyasal nitelikli bir dönüşüm sürecinin sonucunda gerçekleşmiştir. Osmanlı Devleti’nde ise yaklaşık yarım yüzyıllık süre sonra hizmete girmede eşitlik ve yurttaşlaşmaya ilişkin bazı temel adımlar hukukileştirilmeye başlanmıştır. Devlet-toplum ilişkisi ve toplumsal yapının niteliği gereği eşitlik, farklı milletlere hizmete girme olanağı sağlanarak onları Osmanlı olmakta birleştirmek üzere uygulamaya konulmuştur. Kamu hizmetine girmenin yurttaşlığa özgülenmesi ise ulus devlete geçişle gerçekleşmiştir. Bireyin siyasal bir hakkı olarak kamu hizmetine girmeyle yurttaşlık olgusu arasındaki bütünleşik ilişki, Cumhuriyet’in kuruluş döneminde örülmüştür. Çalışmada bu ilişkinin tarihsel anlamını kazanma sürecinin çözümlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Osmanlı modernleşme sürecinde hizmete girmede eşitlik ve yurttaşlaşmaya ilişkin adımların atıldığı toplumsal bağlam değerlendirilerek düzenlemelerin Batı’daki anlamıyla yerleşmesinin ise modernleşme sürecinin yeni bir aşamasında olduğu ortaya konulmaktadır.
Samsun’da Meteorolojik Kökenli Doğal Afetlere Bir Örnek: 5 Haziran 2023 Tarihli Lâdik Seli ve Taşkınları
Authors: Kadıoğlu Yahya , Ak Murat Mustafa
Published: January 2025

Seller ve taşkınlar diğer doğal afetler gibi can ve mal kaybına yol açan, toplumun sosyo-ekonomik yapısını derinden etkileyen meteorolojik kökenli doğal afetlerdir. 5 Haziran 2023 tarihinde, Samsun ili Lâdik ilçesinde etkili olan yağışlar Lâdik ilçe merkezinde uzun yıllık ortalamaların üzerine çıkmış, ilçe merkezinin güneyindeki dağlık sahadan kaynağını alan dereler eğimin de etkisiyle sele ve taşkına neden olmuştur. İlçe merkezindeki 16 mahallede toplam 437.289 m2’lik tarım alanı, 23 konut, 6 ticari işyeri, 4 samanlık, 2 araç, 7 çok amaçlı depo ve 4 ahır zarar görmüş; 32 büyükbaş hayvan telef olmuştur. Afette 1 kişi hayatını kaybetmiştir. Zarar gören evler tahliye edilmiştir. Afet haziran ayında meydana geldiği için tarım sektöründeki zarar fazla olmuş; mısır, buğday ve ayçiçeği tarlaları selden etkilenmiştir. İlçe merkezindeki yollar selin etkisiyle bozulmuş, Lâdik-Samsun yolunda trafik bir müddet durmuştur. Afetin meydana gelmesinde eğim, bakı, yağış, toprak, bitki örtüsü gibi doğal faktörlerin yanında dere yataklarına yapılan beşeri müdahaleler de etkili olmuştur.
Ticari Rekreasyon Araştırma Konusunda Kapsamlı Bibliyometrik Analiz: WoS Veri Tabanı Örneği (1986 - 2023)
Authors: Paylı Muhammet
Published: January 2025

Bu çalışma, “ticari rekreasyon” araştırma konusunda ululararası literatürde kapsamlı bir araştırma yaparak, değişim ve gelişim yapısını ortaya koymak için gerçekleştirilmiştir. 1986-2023 yılları kapsamında ticari rekreasyon araştırma konusunda, uluslararası literatüre yansıtılan, akademik makale çalışmaları analitik verilerinin yer aldığı veri seti, belirlenen akademik aktörler çerçevesinde, WoS veri tabanından indirilmiştir. İlgili veri setinin, VOSviewer ve Bibliyometrix R İstatistiksel Analiz Programında test ve analizleri yapılmıştır. Araştırma konusunda yapılan performans analizi neticesinde; en fazla “İngilizce” dilinde, “2023” yılında, “Çevre Bilimleri Ekoloji” araştırma alanlarında ve “Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)” da taranan akademik makalelerin uluslararası literatüre kazandırıldığı tespit edilmiştir. “ticari rekreasyon” literatürünün, kapsamlı bir şekilde sosyal yapısını açığa çıkarmak için ortak yazar bağlamında; yazar, üniversite ve ülkeler analizine ilişkin testler yapılmıştır. İlgili araştırma konusunun, kapsamlı bir şekilde kavramsal yapısını ortaya koymak için ise ortak kelime bağlamında; anahtar kelimeler analizine ilişkin testler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Test ve analizler sonucunda; “Tyrvainen, L.” makale sayısı ve toplam bağlantı güç değeri,“Cox, S.” ise atıf sayısı açısından ilk sırada yer aldığı tespit edilmiştir. “Noaa”makale, “Univ Calgary” atıf sayısı, “Queensland Univ Technol”ın ise toplam bağlantı güç değeri açısından ilk sırada yer aldığı tespit edilmiştir. “USA”nın makale, atıf ve toplam bağlantı güç değeri açısından ilk sırada yer aldığı tespit edilmiştir. Anahtar kelimeler kapsamında; “management”, “recreation”, “conservatıon” kulanım sayıları, “management”, “conservation”, “perceptions”ın toplam bağlantı güç değerleri açısından ilk sırada yer aldığı tespit edilmiştir. İlgili makalelerin başlıkları kapsamında;“recreation”, “management” ve “urban”, özetleri kapsamında ise “commercial”, “recreation” ve “management” kelimeleri kullanım sayıları açısından ilk sırada yer aldığı tespit edilmiştir.
Türkiye’de Sektörel İstihdamın İhracat Üzerindeki Etkisi
Authors: Aytekin İbrahim
Published: January 2025

Türkiye’de sektörel istihdamın ihracat üzerindeki etkilerini incelemeyi amaçlayan bu çalışmada, zaman serisi analiz yöntemlerinden Johansen eşbütünleşme (1988) testi kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca hata düzeltme modeli aracılığıyla değişkenlerin uzun ve kısa dönem katsayı tahminleri yapılmıştır. Yapılan incelemede kısa dönemde sanayi sektöründeki istihdam artışları ihracatı pozitif yönde etkilerken bu etki istatistikî açıdan anlamlı bulunmamıştır. Fakat uzun dönemde sanayi sektöründeki istihdam artışlarının ihracatı pozitif yönde etkilediği ve bu etkinin istatistikî açıdan anlamlı olduğu görülmüştür. İnşaat sektöründe görülen istihdam artışları ise uzun dönemde ihracatı pozitif yönde etkilerken kısa dönemde negatif yönde etkilemekte ve bu etkilerin her iki dönem için istatistiki açıdan anlamlı olduğu görülmüştür. Son olarak tarım sektöründe artan istihdamın kısa dönemde ihracatı pozitif yönde fakat uzun dönemde negatif yönde etkilediği ve bu etkilerin her iki dönem için de istatistiki açıdan anlamlı olduğu görülmüştür.
Kişisel ve Kültürel Değerlerin Sosyal Girişimcilik Eğilimine Etkisi: Azerbaycan ve Türkiye’deki Lisansüstü İşletme Öğrencileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: Aliyev Asaf , Doğan Ebru
Published: January 2025

Bu çаlışmаnın аmаcı, kişisel ve kültürel değerlerin sosyаl girişimcilik eğilimi üzerinedeki etkilerini incelemektir. Çalışmanın araştırma kısmında iki farklı ülkede lisаnsüstü eğitim gören öğrenciler anakütle olarak belirlenmiştir. Аrаştırmа kаpsаmındа sosyаl bilimler аlаnındа sıklıklа аrаştırmаcılаr tаrаfındаn bаşvurulаn аnket yöntemi kullаnılmıştır. İnternet üzerinden yapılan çalışmaya Türkiye’den 99 öğrenci; yüzyüze yapılan çalışmaya Azerbaycan’dan 160 öğrenci kаtılmıştır. Türkiye ve Аzаrbаycаn’dа işletme alanında eğitim alan lisаnsüstü öğrencilerden, toplаm 259 kişinin kаtıldığı anketten elde elde edilen veriler SPSS progrаmı ile аnаliz edilmiştir. Аrаştırmаnın ölçeklerine öncelikle güvenilirlik ve faktör аnаlizi uygulаnmıştır. Bununlа berаber аrаştırmаdа etkilere dаyаlı regresyon аnаlizi kullаnılmıştır. İki ülke için yаpılаn аnаliz sonuçlаrı doğrultusundа, her iki ülke аçısındаn kişisel ve kültürel değerlerin sosyаl girişimcilik eğilimi üzerinde etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sosyal girişimcilik eğilimi üzerinde en fazla etkiye sahip değişkenler ise, sosyal sorumluluk ve yenilikçiliktir.
Yerel Sanayilerde İstihdam Edilen Çocuk İşçilerin Çalışma Hayatına Katılım Süreci ve Yaşadıkları Sosyo-Ekonomik Sorunlar: Biga Sanayi Bölgesi Örneği
Authors: Korucu Dündar Gülşah , Dönmez Kara Canan Öykü
Published: January 2025

Türkiye’de çocuk işçilerin sosyo-ekonomik sorunları çalışmanın temel problemini oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı, çocuk işçileri çalışma hayatına iten koşulların belirlenmesi, çalışma hayatındaki sorunlarının tespiti ve çözümüne yönelik katkı sağlanmasıdır. Araştırma kapsamında “Çocuk yaşta çalışmaya başlamanın hem bireyin özel yaşamı hem de çalışma hayatı açısından etkileri nelerdir?” sorusuna cevap aramaktadır. Bu bağlamda bireyleri çocuk yaşta çalışmaya iten sebeplerin belirlenerek çocuk işçilerin hayatındaki etkilerinin ortaya konması ve bu bireylerin korunmasına yönelik eksikliklerin tespiti amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada, çalışma hayatına katılımı, deneyimleri ve yaşamlarındaki değişimi anlamak amacıyla “hikâye analizi deseni” kullanılmıştır. Veriler, Biga Organize Sanayi Bölgesi’nde istihdam edilen çocuk işçilerle görüşerek toplanmıştır. Araştırmada, çocuk işçilerin çalışma ortamından kaynaklanan sorunlar yaşadıkları, ancak meslekleri ile ilgili geleceğe yönelik olumlu beklentilere sahip oldukları sonucuna varılmıştır.
Cumhuriyet Döneminde Sanat ve İdeoloji: 1923-1950 Yılları Arasında TBMM Tutanaklarına Dayalı Bir İnceleme
Authors: Şimşek Duru Çiğdem
Published: January 2025

Cumhuriyet’in kuruluş döneminde geliştirilen sanat politikalarının temelinde yatan ideolojik unsurlar, Osmanlı Devleti’nin son dönemindeki düşünsel zemine dayanmakla birlikte, bu ideolojiler Cumhuriyet Dönemi’nde kendine özgü bir yapı kazanmıştır. Bu makale, Cumhuriyet’in 1923-1950 yılları arasında ortaya konulan sanat politikalarının ideolojik kökenlerini konu almaktadır. Bu doğrultuda makalenin amacı bu dönemde üretilen sanat politikalarının arkasındaki temel motivasyonları açığa çıkarmaktır. Tarihsel araştırma yöntemini temel alan makalede TBMM tutanakları, anılar, demeçler gibi birincil kaynaklardan yararlanılmıştır. İki bölümden oluşan makalenin ilk bölümünde, sanat politikalarının dayandığı ideolojiler—halkçılık, Batıcılık ve ulusçuluk—kuramsal olarak ele alınmış, bu ideolojilerin sanatı toplumsal dönüşümün bir aracı olarak nasıl şekillendirdiği tartışılmıştır. İkinci bölümde ise, 1923-1950 yılları arasında sanat politikalarıyla ilgili Meclis tartışmaları incelenmiş ve bu politikaların bahsi geçen ideolojiler ekseninde nasıl şekillendiği analiz edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Cumhuriyet döneminde sanatın toplumsal ve kültürel bir dönüşüm aracı olarak kullanıldığı, bu doğrultuda halkı aydınlatma, ulusal kimlik inşası ve modernleşme hedeflerinin sanat politikalarının temelinde yer aldığı ortaya konulmuştur.
Fermat' s Last Theorem
Authors: Muhammad Taha
Published: January 2025

Abstract of Fermat’s Last Theorem proof I relate Fermat's Last Theorem to the three-dimensional geometric shapes of triangles and three sides that do not form a triangle. These geometric shapes represent all positive natural numbers. I did prove in every shape that Fermat's Last Theorem is wrong. The whole proofs are on approximately five pages long (11 in X 8 in).
Natural Language Processing: Revolutionizing Machine Comprehension of Human Language
Authors: KUMAR ARUN
Published: January 2025

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of Natural Language Processing (NLP), a field at the intersection of computer science, artificial intelligence, and linguistics. It explores the core concepts, techniques, and algorithms employed in NLP, covering areas such as text processing, language modeling, machine translation, sentiment analysis, and question answering. The paper also delves into the diverse applications of NLP across various industries, highlighting its transformative impact on how humans interact with technology. Finally, it discusses current challenges and future research directions within the dynamic landscape of NLP. This paper also addresses the challenges NLP faces, including bias mitigation, contextual understanding, and ethical considerations. As NLP continues to evolve, it paves the way for enhanced human collaboration, breaking language barriers, and redefining creative and educational landscapes.
Microbiological, Biochemical, and Antibiotic susceptibility analysis of the lactic acid bacterial culture Lactobacillus acidophilus (MTCC No: 10307)
Authors: Dhillon Harmeet Singh , Kaura Robin , Thakur Nishchal , Bajaj Rudrakshi , Majumder Reshab , Panwar Harsh , Arora Maninder
Published: January 2025

The link between health and nutrition has spurred a growing fascination with functional foods fortified with physiologically active constituents, delivering added advantages beyond fundamental nourishment. Probiotics, falling within the category of functional foods, are living microorganisms that impart health benefits when consumed in appropriate quantities. This research aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of Lactobacillus acidophilus, a widely used probiotic culture, to antibiotics. The probiotic culture’s purity was examined via multiple microbiological examinations. The antibiotic susceptibility test was executed employing the standard discdiffusion assay based on the modified Kirby-Bauer technique. A total of thirty-six antibiotics underwent testing, and the outcomes were interpreted in line with recognized guidelines. Statistical analysis was carried out utilizing the One-way ANOVA approach. The results indicated the presence of innate resistance with incertain antibiotic categories; however, this intrinsic resistance is typically non-transmissible and poses no significant risk. The findings of this investigation are set to enhance the comprehension of the safety and potential antibiotic resistance of lactic acid cultures utilized in various food products.
Design, synthesis, and apoptotic antiproliferative action of new benzimidazole/1,2,3-triazole hybrids as EGFR inhibitors
Authors: Ahmed Alshimaa A. Y. , Mohammed Anber F. , Almarhoon Zainab M. , Bräse Stefan , Youssif Bahaa G. M.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

This work outlines the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a new series of benzimidazole/1,2,3-triazole hybrids as apoptotic antiproliferative agents that inhibit the EGFR pathway.

Methods

The research assesses the antiproliferative efficacy of compounds 6a-i and 10a-i against various cancer cell lines.

Results and Discussion

The research emphasizing hybrids 6i and 10e for their remarkable activity, with GI50 values of 29 nM and 25 nM, respectively. The inhibitory effects of the most potent hybrids 6e, 6i, 10d, 10e, and 10g on EGFR were assessed. Compounds 6i and 10e exhibited greater potency than erlotinib as EGFR inhibitors. Compounds 6i and 10e were also examined for their apoptotic potential, revealing that these compounds promote apoptosis by activating caspase-3, caspase-8, and Bax, while down-regulating the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Molecular docking experiments are thoroughly examined to validate the binding interactions of the most active hybrids, 6i and 10e, with the EGFR active site. Furthermore, our new study examined the ADME properties of the new hybrids.
Danshen injection ameliorates unilateral ureteral obstruction-induced renal fibrosis by inhibiting ferroptosis via activating SIRT1/GPX4 pathway
Authors: Cao Yiwen , Zhao Huan , Lin Shuyin , Chen Junqi , Xiong Jingli , Zeng Zhijun , Long Ziyu , Su Yingru , Zhong Yingqi , Zhao Lingru , Zhang Mingshan , Wu Junbiao , Zhou Yuan , Zhou Jiuyao
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The pathogenesis of renal fibrosis is related to blood stasis, and the method of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis is often used as the treatment principle. Danshen injection (DSI) is a commonly used drug for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis in clinic. However, whether DSI slows the progression of renal fibrosis or the potential mechanism is uncertain.

Methods

We investigated renal fibrosis models using UUO mice and TGF-β stimulation in HK-2 cells.

Results

Our findings revealed that DSI or Fer-1 alleviated kidney injury by ameliorating renal morphology injury and pathological injury in vivo. Besides, DSI or Fer-1 inhibited renal fibrosis in vivo and in TGF-β-induced HK-2 cells. Furthermore, ferroptosis was lessened under DSI or Fer-1 treatment. More importantly, the DSI active ingredients (danshensu, salvianolic acid B, protocatechuic aldehyde, caffeic acid and tanshinone IIA) could bind to SIRT1. The protein levels of SIRT1 and GPX4 were downregulated accompanied by the incremental concentrations of TGF-β or Erastin, which were repaired by DSI or Fer-1 intervention. However, the inhibition of ferroptosis and renal fibrosis owing to DSI were reversed by SIRT1 inhibitor EX527.

Conclusion

Taken together, our results indicated that DSI could protect against ferroptosis to attenuate renal fibrosis by activating the SIRT1/GPX4 pathway. It is expected to be a potential agent to treat renal fibrosis.
Mental health risk in human services work across Europe: the predictive role of employment in various sectors
Authors: Győri Ágnes , Perpék Éva , Ádám Szilvia
Published: January 2025

Background

Human services occupations are highly exposed to mental health risks, thus psychosocial risk management is critical to assure healthy and safe working conditions, promote mental health and commitment, and prevent fluctuation of employees. However, still little is known about prominent psychosocial risk factors in various human services work.

Objectives

To identify prominent psychosocial risk factors of mental health in human services occupations and to explore their individual and organizational correlates in 19 European countries.

Methods

Cross-sectional survey using data from the European Union's Labor Force Survey among 379,759 active employees in 19 European countries. First, a descriptive analysis was carried out to establish the prevalence of mental health risk factors. Then sociodemographic correlates of occupational mental health risk factors were assessed by means of Pearson's chi-squared test. Finally, correlations were explored between perceived psychosocial risk factors and human vs. non-human services occupations, as well as contextual variables by applying multilevel logistic and multinomial regression analyses.

Results

The prevalence of mental health risk was 45.1%. Work overload (19.9%), dealing with difficult clients (10.2%), and job insecurity (5.8%) were the most prevalent mental health risk factors among European employees. We identified significant differences in the prevalence of mental health risks and specific mental health risk factors among employees according to sex, age, and educational attainment. The prevalence of mental health risks was significantly higher among women (47.0%, man: 43.3%), workers aged 35–50 years (47.5%, >50: 44.4%, <35: 42.3%), and those with the higher level of education (51.9%, secondary with diploma: 42.6%, elementary: 36.2%). Employees working in healthcare in Northern Europe were most likely to be exposed to mental health risks (AME = 0.717). Working in healthcare in Northern Europe was the strongest predictor of reporting work overload (AME = 0.381). Working in social care in Central and Eastern Europe was the strongest predictor of reporting dealing with difficult clients (AME = 0.303) as the most prevalent mental health risk factor.

Conclusion

Understanding the impact of employment in specific human services occupations on mental health and its specific occupational stressors are vital to improve mental health and safety at work and maintain high quality services.
Association between sedentary behavior, physical activity, and osteoarthritis: results from NHANES 2007–2020 and Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: He Jiangqin , Zhang Cao , Yang Lili
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent and debilitating disorder that affects the joints and has a complex array of causes. While sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA) have been implicated in OA risk, the relationship between these factors and OA development remains unclear. This study investigates the correlation and potential causality between SB, PA, and OA using both cross-sectional and Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Methods

We conducted a two-phase study that included a cross-sectional analysis using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and a MR analysis. A weighted analysis was performed on data from the NHANES to explore the relationship between SB, PA, and the risk of OA. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between SB, PA, and OA, adjusting for potential confounders. Non-parametric curve fitting was applied to examine the dose-response relationship between PA levels and OA onset. Additionally, MR was utilized to infer the genetic causality between SB, PA, and OA risk, using genetic instruments as proxies for SB and PA.

Results

The final analysis, which included 24,738 participants, revealed that OA prevalence was 13.47%, with individuals diagnosed with OA exhibiting significantly higher levels of SB and lower levels of PA. A U-shaped relationship was observed between PA and OA risk, with a decrease in OA incidence as PA levels increased, although the protective effect of PA was less pronounced in individuals with severe SB. MR analysis indicated that genetically inferred SB was associated with a higher likelihood of OA (IVW OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.13–1.28), while increased PA was inversely associated with OA risk (IVW OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.73–0.98).

Conclusion

This research emphasizes the significance of SB and PA as modifiable factors influencing the risk of OA. It is recommended that individuals at risk of OA should aim to participate in regular physical activity and minimize sedentary behavior to lower their risk of developing the disease. The MR analysis results support the potential causal impact of SB and PA on OA, providing valuable information for the development of therapeutic and rehabilitative strategies.
Joint exploration of network pharmacology and metabolomics on the effects of traditional Chinese medicine compounds in weaned yaks
Authors: Lu Sijia , Zhu Yanbin , Zhang Xiaojuan , Cidan Yangji , Basang Wangdui , Li Kun
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Chinese herbal medicines are relatively inexpensive and have fewer side effects, making them an effective option for improving health and treating diseases. As a result, they have gained more attention in recent years. The weaning period is a critical stage in the life of yaks, often inducing stress in calves. Weaning stress, along with dietary changes, can lead to a decline in physical fitness and immune function, making yaks more susceptible to diarrhea and resulting in high mortality rates during this period. Therefore, our study aimed to address this issue by incorporating traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulas into the diet of yaks during the weaning period.

Methods

Following a dialectical analysis, three TCM formulas, mainly composed of Paeonia lactiflora, Coptis chinensis, and Dandelion, were identified for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune enhancing potentials. We explored the possible molecular mechanisms of these TCM formulas using network pharmacology analysis and investigated their effects on the physiology of yaks through metabolomics.

Results

Network pharmacology analysis revealed several key target proteins in the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network between three formulas and immune-related genes, including PIK3R1, PIK3CA, JAK2, PTK2, and PYPN11. The key target proteins in the PPI network associated with metabolism-related genes included ENPP1, CYP1A1, PTGS1, members of the CYP1 family, and EPHX2. GO analysis of co-targets revealed highly enriched pathways such as protein phosphorylation, plasma membrane, and one-carbon metabolic processes. Metabolomics revealed significant changes in the abundance of metabolites including dimethyl sulfoxide, tyrphostin A25, and thromboxane A2 in the intestines of weaned yaks supplemented with these Chinese herbal compounds. Significant changes were also observed in pathways such as vitamin A metabolism, chloroalkane, and chloroalkene degradation.

Discussion

Based on these findings, it can be inferred that TCM formulas improve the physical fitness of weaned yaks by enhancing antioxidant capacity, boosting immunity, and reducing intestinal inflammation. This study preliminarily elucidates the pharmacological mechanisms by which TCM formulas prevent diarrhea and improve physical fitness in weaned yaks through metabolomics and network pharmacology, paving the way for further evaluation of the effectiveness of these three formulas.
The Evolution of Immunosuppressive Therapy in Pig-to-Nonhuman Primate Organ Transplantation
Authors: Sanatkar S. A. , Kinoshita K. , Maenaka A. , Hara H. , Cooper D. K. C.
Published: January 2025

An overview is provided of the evolution of strategies towards xenotransplantation during the past almost 40 years, focusing on advances in gene-editing of the organ-source pigs, pre-transplant treatment of the recipient, immunosuppressive protocols, and adjunctive therapy. Despite initial challenges, including hyperacute rejection resulting from natural (preformed) antibody binding and complement activation, significant progress has been made through gene editing of the organ-source pigs and refinement of immunosuppressive regimens. Major steps were the identification and deletion of expression of the three known glycan xenoantigens on pig vascular endothelial cells, the transgenic expression of human “protective” proteins, e.g., complement-regulatory, coagulation-regulatory, and anti-inflammatory proteins, and the administration of an immunosuppressive regimen based on blockade of the CD40/CD154 T cell co-stimulation pathway. Efforts to address systemic inflammation followed. The synergy between gene editing and judicious immunomodulation appears to largely prevent graft rejection and is associated with a relatively good safety profile. Though there remains an incidence of severe or persistent proteinuria (nephrotic syndrome) in a minority of cases. This progress offers renewed hope for patients in need of life-saving organ transplants.
Combustion Behaviour of ADN-Based Green Solid Propellant with Metal Additives: A Comprehensive Review and Discussion
Authors: Kore Rushikesh , Vashishtha Ashish
Published: January 2025

Solid propellants play a crucial role in various civil, scientific, and defence-related aerospace propulsion applications due to their efficient energy release, high energy density, low fabrication cost, and ease of operation. Ammonium dinitramide (ADN) has gained considerable attention as a potential oxidizer for green solid propellants due to its high oxygen content, significant energy density, non-toxicity, and non-polluting combustion products, leading to lower environmental impact. As ADN is a new desirable oxidizer in the field of solid propellants, understanding the practicality and viability of the use of ADN in composite solid propellants necessitates a thorough understanding of its chemical and thermal decomposition pathways in addition to its combustion characteristics in the presence of other ingredients. ADN is being explored as an alternative to the traditionally used ammonium perchlorate (AP), a toxic oxidizer containing chlorine (Cl). Additionally, AP monopropellants often suffer from moderate burning rates and poor mechanical strength. To address these limitations, researchers have explored the incorporation of metal additives, such as aluminium (Al), magnesium (Mg), and metalloid boron (B), to enhance the combustion performance and burn rate of AP. These metals not only act as energy-rich additives but also influence the combustion process through various mechanisms. The incorporation of metal additives into ADN has shown promising enhancements in the overall energetic performance of green solid propellants. This review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the thermal decomposition of ADN and its combustion behaviour, along with the combustion of ADN-based solid propellants with metal additives. Finally, based on an extensive review of the existing literature, various research pathways for focused future collaborative efforts are identified to further advance ADN-based “green” solid propellants.
Winter and Season-Only Irrigation with Late Summer Irrigation Termination Influences Alfalfa Dry Matter Yield and Applied Water Use Efficiency
Authors: Lauriault Leonard M. , Darapuneni Murali K. , Djaman Koffi , Marsalis Mark A.
Published: January 2025

Increasing water scarcity for agricultural irrigation demands options to maximize yield with available water. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is a valuable crop in arid and semiarid regions and is considered a major user of irrigation water. Consequently, an area of established alfalfa was center-pivot-irrigated over two years according to one of four irrigation regimes, each with three replicates as strip plots. These were started after the last of the six harvests of the year, after seeding: winter-irrigated and throughout the growing season (winter full), winter-irrigated and terminated after the 4th harvest (winter limited), irrigated from mid-April, when canal water typically becomes available, and throughout the remainder of the growing season (season full), or typically-irrigated until the 4th harvest (season limited). Annual dry matter yield (DMY) was increased using winter irrigation compared to season-only irrigation (10.34, 8.94, 8.67, and 6.54 Mg ha−1 for winter full, winter limited, season full, and season limited, respectively, p < 0.0001, SEM 0.45). Irrigation termination after the fourth harvest with no winter irrigation significantly reduced annual applied water use efficiency (AAWUE) compared to all other treatments (9.08, 8.59, 8.82, and 7.38 kg DMY ha−1 mm−1 for winter full, winter limited, season full, and season limited, respectively; p < 0.0098, SEM = 0.38). Winter irrigation to fill the soil profile, followed by late summer irrigation termination, is feasible for increasing alfalfa productivity over season-only irrigation.
Effects of Superphosphate on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Compost Quality During Industrial Scale In-Vessel Swine Manure Composting
Authors: Chen Haotian , Li Haoruo , Sun Tianqing , Huang Xin , Li Yuyi , Zhang Baoli
Published: January 2025

Composting is an environmentally friendly method for transforming the nutrients present in livestock manure into organic fertilizer. In this study, the compost quality-enhancing and N2O and CH4 emissions-reducing effects of superphosphate were investigated during industrial-scale in-vessel composting of swine manure. Alongside a control group, three different doses of superphosphate were tested: 5% (SSP5), 10% (SSP10), and 15% (SSP15). The results revealed that the superphosphate reduced the N2O and CH4 emissions by 18.5–26.3% and 15.8–25.1%, respectively. In addition, the superphosphate enhanced both the N and P contents of the compost. However, it had an adverse impact on compost maturity, with the SSP15 dose showing the lowest germination index (GI) at 70.4% and the highest electrical conductivity (EC) at 9.04 mS·cm−1. These findings suggest that superphosphate has potential for greenhouse gas mitigation and nutrient augmentation in industrial composting. Although the economic benefits of superphosphate addition for GHG reduction are limited, the technology holds considerable economic potential for nitrogen conservation. Further investigations should focus on combining superphosphate addition with other improvements, considering both compost quality and economic viability.
Exogenous Application of Thidiazuron, Carbaryl, Ethephon, and Lime Sulphur Promotes Flower Abscission and Suppresses Tea Pests in the Tea Plant Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze
Authors: Jin Meina , Lun Xiaoyue , Zhang Ruirui , Zhang Yu , Zhang Xiangzhi , Guan Feiyu , Wang Liping , Ying Yiheng , Zhang Zhengqun , Xu Xiuxiu
Published: January 2025

Tea plants Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze consume substantial quantities of water and nutrients during the flowering period, which can adversely affect the yield and quality of tea plants. Therefore, the effects of thidiazuron, carbaryl, ethephon, and lime sulphur on flower buds and flower abscission in tea plants were investigated. The photosynthetic characteristics and biochemical components, the electrical conductivity of leaves, and the occurrence of insect pests and frost damage in the tea plants were assessed following the exogenous application of these chemicals. The results showed that 0.015, 0.03, and 0.06% thidiazuron, 0.08% ethephon, and 2.0 and 3.0% lime sulphur significantly promoted tea flower buds and flower abscission. Thidiazuron notably increased the concentrations of total amino acids, caffeine, catechin, and soluble sugar in tea leaves while reducing leaf electrical conductivity to some extent. Additionally, it also suppressed the occurrence of Empoasca onukii Matsuda (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and Apolygus lucorum Meyer-Dür (Hemiptera: Miridae). Furthermore, thidiazuron enhanced both the length and weight of tea shoots the following early spring. Application of 3.0% lime sulphur enhanced chlorophyll a and b, carotenoid, catechin, and caffeine and decreased the number of Aleurocanthus spiniferus Quaintanca (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on the tea plants. However, no significant differences in frost damage were observed across treatments. Overall, exogenous application of the chemicals, particularly thidiazuron, effectively reduced flower production, altered key biochemical components, controlled tea pests, and ultimately enhanced tea productivity.
Copper Resistance in Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae Strains from the Prefecture of Pella, Northern Greece, and a Comparison of the Effectiveness of Several Commercial Products to Control
Authors: Thomidis Thomas , Pagoulatou Marianthi G. , Alexandridis Eleftherios , Mpalantinaki Evaggelia , Goumas Dimitrios E.
Published: January 2025

This study highlights the growing concern over copper resistance in Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), a significant pathogen threatening kiwifruit cultivation globally. Copper-based treatments, widely used for their broad-spectrum bactericidal properties, have become less effective over time due to the emergence of copper-resistant strains. This study found that 22 strains of Psa, collected from Greek kiwifruit orchards, exhibited significant copper resistance. All strains were capable of growing in copper concentrations of at least 200 µg/mL (0.8 mM), and two strains (9.1%) survived even at higher concentrations of 400 µg/mL (1.6 mM). Additionally, resistant bacterial colonies were observed in four strains (18.2%), suggesting the presence of resistant subpopulations within the broader bacterial community. In addition to studying copper resistance, the research evaluated the effectiveness of several products in controlling Psa through field experiments. The copper products IONIC CONCENTRATED COPPER, MAGNA BLUE, and COPROFIX ULTRA were tested due to their historical effectiveness in managing bacterial diseases in plants. However, these copper products were unable to fully control Psa in this study, likely due to the observed resistance. In addition, the plant defense activator products MICONIC and NUTRI BIOCLEAN, NUTRI BIOCLEAN, BAR, and BION were evaluated and showed promising results in reducing the intensity of symptoms associated with Psa, suggesting that these formulations may enhance the plant’s natural defenses against the pathogen. While these products did not completely eliminate the disease, they significantly reduced symptom severity. The findings highlight the need for alternative strategies to combat Psa, particularly in areas where copper resistance has developed.
Assessing Sugarcane Molasses’ Bioactive Compound Content upon Ultrasound-Assisted Hydroethanolic Extraction at Various pH Values
Authors: Farmani Boukaga , Djordjević Miljana , Mohammadkhani Somayeh , Djordjević Marijana
Published: January 2025

As widely generated by-products with significant bioactive compound content, sugarcane molasses exhibits high potential for valorization. For the purpose of bioactive compound extraction from sugarcane molasses, ultrasound-assisted extraction with various hydroethanolic solvents (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% ethanol) at different pH values (4.11, 5.11, 6.11, and 7.11) was examined. In the obtained sugarcane molasses extracts, the content of total phenolics, monomeric anthocyanins, total flavonoids, total tannins, and antioxidant capacity (DPPH) was estimated alongside the determination of molasses’ major components through GC-MS analysis Based on the GC-MS analysis of molasses, sugars and nitrogenous compounds emerged as the most abundant compounds classes. Hydroethanolic solvent of 2.5% at pH 6.11 exhibited the most prominent extraction power regarding total phenolics (22074.98 µg GAE mL−1) and total flavonoids (245.42 µg QE mL−1). Furthermore, extraction with 2.5% hydroethanolic solvent at pH 5.11 displayed the highest total tannins (1177.85 µg CE mL−1). The behavior of monomeric anthocyanins in ultrasound-assisted extraction with hydroethanolic solvent was slightly different, where 2.5% hydroethanolic solvent extracted the highest amount at pH 4.11 (11.1 µg CGE mL−1) and 7.11 (10.68 µg CGE mL−1). The results of the DPPH assay indicated that extracts obtained using 2.5% hydroethanolic solvent at pH 4.11 (68.35%) and pH 5.11 (68.10%) evinced the highest neutralization power against DPPH free radicals. In conclusion, 2.5% ultrasound-assisted hydroethanolic solvent and pH 4.11-6.11 were the most suitable for extracting bioactive compounds from sugarcane molasses.
A Vegetable-Price Forecasting Method Based on Mixture of Experts
Authors: Zhao Chenyun , Wang Xiaodong , Zhao Anping , Cui Yunpeng , Wang Ting , Liu Juan , Hou Ying , Wang Mo , Chen Li , Li Huan , Wu Jinming , Sun Tan
Published: January 2025

The accurate forecasting of vegetable prices is crucial for policy formulation, market decisions, and agricultural market stability. Traditional time-series models often require manual parameter tuning and struggle to effectively handle the complex non-linear characteristics of vegetable price data, limiting their predictive accuracy. This study conducts a comprehensive analysis of the performance of traditional methods, deep learning approaches, and cutting-edge large language models in vegetable-price forecasting using multiple predictive performance metrics. Experimental results demonstrate that large language models generally outperform other methods, but do not have consistent performance for all kinds of vegetables across different time scales. As a result, we propose a novel vegetable-price forecasting method based on mixture of expert models (VPF-MoE), which combines the strengths of large language models and deep learning methods. Different from the traditional single model prediction method, VPF-MoE can dynamically adapt to the characteristics of different vegetable types, dynamically select the best prediction method, and significantly improve the accuracy and robustness of the prediction. In addition, we optimized the application of large language models in vegetable-price forecasting, offering a new technological pathway for vegetable-price prediction.
Characterization of the Droplet Population Generated by Centrifugal Atomization Nozzles of UAV Sprayers
Authors: Baio Fábio Henrique Rojo , Oliveira Job Teixeira de , Alves Marcos Eduardo Miranda , Teodoro Larissa Pereira Ribeiro , Cunha Fernando França da , Teodoro Paulo Eduardo
Published: January 2025

The use of unmanned aerial spraying systems is currently being explored and applied worldwide. The objective of this study was to characterize the droplet population generated by hydraulic nozzles and centrifugal atomization nozzles used in sprayers mounted on remotely piloted aircraft (RPA). Two spray nozzle technologies were tested using a Malvern SprayTech laser particle size meter. The hydraulic nozzle evaluated was model 11001, which generates a wide-use fan spray. The centrifugal atomization nozzle, used in RPA sprayers, was manufactured by Yuenhoang, model DC12V. The experimental design was implemented in a completely randomized scheme, containing variations in the nozzles (hydraulic nozzle and centrifugal atomization nozzle) and application rate (AR) (5, 10, and 15 L ha−1 in the test with the hydraulic nozzle; and 9.2, 12.8, and 15.6 L ha−1 in the test with the centrifugal nozzle), with five replicates per treatment. The hydraulic nozzle test data showed a coefficient of variation of 6.8% VMD for all treatments, with droplet sizes within the fine classification ranging from 132.8 to 163.2 µm. It is noteworthy that the average relative span (span) of the droplet population generated by the hydraulic nozzle was 1.2, i.e., 20% higher than the desired reference value of 1. This value exceeds the general average reported for the centrifugal atomization nozzle, which has a span of 1.1. The relative span of the droplet size distribution for the hydraulic nozzles is greater than that observed with the centrifugal atomization nozzles. Excluding the extreme rotational speeds of the centrifugal atomization nozzle, the percentage of droplets generated with a volume smaller than 100 µm is lower compared to those produced by the hydraulic nozzle.