bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bi-modal particle size distribution for high energy product hybrid Nd–Fe–B—Sm–Fe–N bonded magnets
Authors: Parmar Harshida , Paranthaman M. Parans , Nlebedim I. C.
Published: January 2024

In this work, we have demonstrated high energy product bonded magnet by leveraging the variation in sizes between Nd-Fe-B and Sm-Fe-N, as well as their hard magnetic properties. The hybrid anisotropic bonded magnets contain 70 vol% of magnet powder (Dy-free Nd-Fe-B and Sm-Fe-N) and 30 vol% of nylon. The objective of the work was to create bi-modal and bi-compositional bonded magnets in which the fine (3μm) particles of Sm-Fe-N would be used to fill the voids between the bigger Nd-Fe-B (105μm) particles, thus improve packing density. The magnetic hysteresis loop did not show significant signs of decoupled interactions between the magnetic phases. It was also found that the performance of the bonded magnet was most enhanced at 1:4 ratio of Nd-Fe-B and Sm-Fe-N. At that ratio, maximum density of 5 g/cm3 and the highest (BH)max value of 18.5 MGOe were obtained, although the intrinsic coercivity decreased, relative to the trend seen for other ratios. This work advances the opportunity to expand the use of Sm-Fe-N in bonded magnet applications.
miR-137
regulates PTP61F, affecting insulin signaling, metabolic homeostasis, and starvation resistance in
Drosophila
Authors: Saedi Hana , Waro Girma , Giacchetta Lea , Tsunoda Susan
Published: January 2024

miR-137
is a highly conserved brain-enriched microRNA (miRNA) that has been associated with neuronal function and proliferation. Here, we show that
Drosophila miR-137
null mutants display increased body weight with enhanced triglyceride content and decreased locomotor activity. In addition, when challenged by nutrient deprivation,
miR-137
mutants exhibit reduced motivation to feed and prolonged survival. We show through genetic epistasis and rescue experiments that this starvation resistance is due to a disruption in insulin signaling. Our studies further show that
miR-137
null mutants exhibit a drastic reduction in levels of the phosphorylated/activated insulin receptor, InR (InR-P). We investigated if this is due to the predicted
miR-137
target, Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 61F (PTP61F), ortholog of mammalian TC-PTP/PTP1B, which are known to dephosphorylate InR-P. Indeed, levels of an endogenously tagged GFP-PTP61F are significantly elevated in
miR-137
null mutants, and we show that overexpression of
PTP61F
alone is sufficient to mimic many of the metabolic phenotypes of
miR-137
mutants. Finally, we knocked-down elevated levels of
PTP61F
in the
miR-137
null mutant background and show that this rescues levels of InR-P, restores normal body weight and triglyceride content, starvation sensitivity, as well as attenuates locomotor and starvation-induced feeding defects. Our study supports a model in which
miR-137
is critical for dampening levels of PTP61F, thereby maintaining normal insulin signaling and energy homeostasis.
In vitro studies of the digestion of caprine whey proteins by human gastric and duodenal juice and the effects on selected microorganisms
Authors: Almaas Hilde , Holm Halvor , Langsrud Thor , Flengsrud Ragnar , Vegarud Gerd E.
Published: January 2024

The in vitro digestion of caprine whey proteins was investigated by a two-step degradation assay, using human gastric juice (HGJ) at pH 2·5 and human duodenal juice (HDJ) at pH 7·5. Different protein and peptide profiles were observed after the first (HGJ) and second (HDJ) enzymatic degradation. The minor whey proteins serum albumin, lactoferrin and Ig were rapidly degraded by HGJ, while α-lactalbumin (α-LA) and β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) were more resistant and survived both 30 and 45min of the enzymatic treatment. Further digestion with HDJ still showed intact β-LG, and the main part of α-LA also remained unchanged. The protein degradation by HGJ and HDJ was also compared with treatment by commercial enzymes, by using pepsin at pH 2·5, and a mixture of trypsin and chymotrypsin at pH 7·5. The two methods resulted in different caprine protein and peptide profiles. The digests after treatment with HGJ and HDJ were screened for antibacterial effects on some selected microorganisms, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Streptococcus mutans. Active growing cells of E. coli were inhibited by the digestion products from caprine whey obtained after treatment with HGJ and HDJ. Cells of B. cereus were inhibited only by whey proteins obtained after reaction with HGJ, while the products after further degradation with HDJ demonstrated no significant effect. Screenings performed on cells of Lb. rhamnosus GG and S. mutans all showed no signs of inhibition.
White bean amylase inhibitor administered orally reduces glycaemia in type 2 diabetic rats
Authors: Tormo M. A. , Gil-Exojo I. , Romero de Tejada A. , Campillo J. E.
Published: January 2024

A purified pancreatic α-amylase inhibitor (α-AI) from white beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) was administered orally (100m/g body weight dissolved in 9g NaC/) for 22d to non-diabetic (ND) and type 2 diabetic (neonatal diabetes models n0-STZ and n5-STZ) male Wistar rats. Mean glycaemia (mmo/) declined from day 4 of the α-AI administration in ND rats (5·48 (sem 0·08) v. 4·39 (sem 0·13); P<0·05), n0-STZ diabetic rats (7·94 (sem 0·42) v. 5·56 (sem 0·32); P<0·01) and n5-STZ diabetic rats (17·34 (sem 2·58) v. 11·93 (sem 1·96)), until the end of treatment: ND (5·22 (sem 0·21) v. 3·97 (sem 0·06); P<0·01); n0-STZ (8·10 (sem 0·19) v. 5·21 (sem 0·30); P<0·01); and n5-STZ (16·36 (sem 2·14) v. 7·69 (sem 1·34); P<0·01). There was a decrease in water intake (m/) in the α-AI-treated diabetic rats: n0-STZ (30 (sem 0·10) v. 22 (sem 1·50); P<0·01) and n5-STZ (76 (sem 5·04) v. 57 (sem 4·85); P<0·01). Food intake (/) decreased in all three groups: ND (23 (sem 0·31) v. 20 (sem 0·03); P<0·05); n0-STZ (22 (sem 0·55) v. 16 (sem 0·98); P<0·01); and n5-STZ (31 (sem 0·58) v. 23 (sem 1·20); P<0·01). The enterocyte sucrase and maltase activities (/ proteins) were high (P<0·01) in the untreated diabetic rats, n0-STZ (45 (sem 4) and 152 (sem 10), respectively) and n5-STZ (67 (sem 12) and 151 (sem 10), respectively) with respect to the ND rats (24 (sem 2) and 74 (sem 10), respectively). After α-AI treatment, enzyme activities declined in both diabetic rats, n0-STZ (21 (sem 2) and 85 (sem 11); P<0·01) and n5-STZ (28 (sem 7) and 75 (sem 19); P<0·05), to values close to those in the ND rats. In conclusion, α-AI significantly reduced glycaemia in both the ND and diabetic animals and reduced the intake of food and water, and normalized the elevated disaccharidase levels of the diabetic rats.
Remnant loop quantum black holes
Authors: Borges H A , Baranov I P R , Sobrinho F C , Carneiro S
Published: January 2024

Polymer models inspired by Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG) have been used to describe non-singular quantum black holes with spherical symmetry, with the classical singularity replaced by a transition from a black hole to a white hole. A recent model, with a single polymerisation parameter, leads to a symmetric transition with same mass for the black and white phases, and to an asymptotically flat exterior metric. The radius of the transition surface is, however, not fixed, increasing with the mass. Following similar procedures, in a previous paper we have fixed that radius by identifying the minimal area on the transition surface with the area gap of LQG. This allowed to find a dependence of the polimarisation parameter on the black hole mass, with the former increasing as the latter decreases. It also permitted to extend the model to Planck scale black holes, with quantum fluctuations remaining small at the horizon. In the present letter we extend this analysis to charged black holes, showing that the Cauchy horizon lies beyond of the transition surface. We also show the existence of limiting states with zero surface gravity, the lightest one with Q = 0 and

m
=

2

/

4

, and the heaviest with

Q
=
m
=

2

/

2

. Using our solutions to approximate quasi-steady horizons, we show that Hawking evaporation leads asymptotically to these extremal states, leaving remnant black holes of Planck size.
Anharmonic theory of superconductivity and its applications to emerging quantum materials
Authors: Setty Chandan , Baggioli Matteo , Zaccone Alessio
Published: January 2024

The role of anharmonicity on superconductivity has often been disregarded in the past. Recently, it has been recognized that anharmonic decoherence could play a fundamental role in determining the superconducting properties (electron–phonon coupling, critical temperature, etc) of a large class of materials, including systems close to structural soft-mode instabilities, amorphous solids and metals under extreme high-pressure conditions. Here, we review recent theoretical progress on the role of anharmonic effects, and in particular certain universal properties of anharmonic damping, on superconductivity. Our focus regards the combination of microscopic-agnostic effective theories for bosonic mediators with the well-established BCS theory and Migdal–Eliashberg theory for superconductivity. We discuss in detail the theoretical frameworks, their possible implementation within first-principles methods, and the experimental probes for anharmonic decoherence. Finally, we present several concrete applications to emerging quantum materials, including hydrides, ferroelectrics and systems with charge density wave instabilities.
Linear response theories for interatomic exchange interactions
Authors: Solovyev I V
Published: January 2024

The linear response is a perturbation theory establishing the relationship between given physical variable and the external field inducing this variable. A well-known example of the linear response theory in magnetism is the susceptibility relating the magnetization with the magnetic field. In 1987, Liechtenstein et al came up with the idea to formulate the problem of interatomic exchange interactions, which would describe the energy change caused by the infinitesimal rotations of spins, in terms of this susceptibility. The formulation appears to be very generic and, for isotropic systems, expresses the energy change in the form of the Heisenberg model, irrespectively on which microscopic mechanism stands behind the interaction parameters. Moreover, this approach establishes the relationship between the exchange interactions and the electronic structure obtained, for instance, in the first-principles calculations based on the density functional theory. The purpose of this review is to elaborate basic ideas of the linear response theories for the exchange interactions as well as more recent developments. The special attention is paid to the approximations underlying the original method of Liechtenstein et al in comparison with its more recent and more rigorous extensions, the roles of the on-site Coulomb interactions and the ligand states, and calculations of antisymmetric Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interactions, which can be performed alongside with the isotropic exchange, within one computational scheme. The abilities of the linear response theories as well as many theoretical nuances, which may arise in the analysis of interatomic exchange interactions, are illustrated on magnetic van der Walls materials CrX
3 (

X
=

Cl, I), half-metallic ferromagnet CrO2, ferromagnetic Weyl semimetal Co3Sn2S2, and orthorhombic manganites AMnO3 (

A
=

La, Ho), known for the peculiar interplay of the lattice distortion, spin, and orbital ordering.
A density-controllable 3D measurement system based on linear profile sensor and universal manipulator
Authors: Zhao Bochong , Zhang Liyan , Ye Nan
Published: January 2024

In order to offer a simple and efficient solution for obtaining point clouds, a modular 3D measurement system that incorporates an LPS mounted on a universal manipulator is developed. Unlike the requirement for electronic connections between the LPS and the robot to achieve hard synchronization, we employ a high-low-frequency collaborative strategy for soft synchronization, thereby eliminating the need for complex hardware synchronization modules. Since soft synchronization lacks the high-speed synchronous data acquisition of hard synchronization, we have also proposed an interpolation method on low density data to generate uniform higher-density point clouds, thus enabling a density-controllable point clouds acquisition approach. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and versatility of the system.
Remaining useful life estimation of bearing using spatio-temporal convolutional transformer
Authors: Zhu De , Lyu Junwen , Gao Qingwei , Lu Yixiang , Zhao Dawei
Published: January 2024

The maintenance costs, productivity, health, and safety of mechanical equipment all heavily rely on the remaining usable life (RUL) of the bearings. Recently, the transformer has been widely used in the RUL field due to its ability to capture some of the degradation information of the bearing. However, the transformer is weak in acquiring local information and fails to extract temporal features from the degradation process. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes a spatio-temporal convolutional transformer (STCT) model, which mainly consists of the dual convolutional spatio-temporal network (DCSTN) and multi-scale transformer (MST). It not only captures the degradation features of the bearings from the temporal and spatial perspectives but also enhances the ability of the transformer to acquire local information. We propose DCSTN as a feature extraction module, and the proposed spatio-temporal attention as the core of the DCSTN can capture the relevant degradation state features at different moments. In addition, MST uses a new module of multi-scale dilated causal convolution combined with multi-head attention to realize the combination of global degradation information and local contextual information capturing ability. We demonstrate the effectiveness and sophistication of the STCT model by conducting comparative experiments with ablation experiments on publicly available datasets.
Large-scale preparation of CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dot/EVA composite adhesive film by melting for crystal silicon solar cell
Authors: Xu Yafei , Yan Cong , Liang Hongfei , Huang Sheng , Feng Ping , Song Jian
Published: January 2024

Silicon solar cell is the most mature photovoltaic conversion device, and in order to further improve the performance of the device, application of downshifting films has become a research hotspot. In this paper, CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dot/EVA composite adhesive film was prepared by melting method with CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dot film under solution processing as masterbatch and EVA particles as excipient. The effect of synthesis conditions on the luminescence properties of the composite films were thoroughly studied. The optimized CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dot/EVA composite adhesive film has excellent performance, and its light transmission reaches 85%. The CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dot/EVA composite adhesive film absolutely improves the efficiency of silicon solar cells by 1.08%, which is much higher than that of pure EVA adhesive film (0.63%). In addition, the device efficiencies have almost no change after 30 d in the air, maintaining the working stability of the device and contributing to industrial applications. This study provides a novel, industrial and low-cost synthesis route for the synthesis of CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dot/EVA composite adhesive film, which is expected to have broad application.
Upper bounds for the moduli of polynomial-like maps
Authors: Blokh Alexander , Oversteegen Lex , Timorin Vladlen
Published: January 2024

We establish a version of the Pommerenke–Levin–Yoccoz inequality for the modulus of a polynomial-like (PL) restriction of a polynomial and give two applications. First we show that if the modulus of a PL restriction of a polynomial is bounded from below then this restricts the combinatorics of the polynomial. The second application concerns parameter slices of cubic polynomials given by the non-repelling multiplier of a fixed point. Namely, the intersection of the so-called Main Cubioid and the multiplier slice lies in the closure of the principal hyperbolic domain, with possible exception of queer components.
Development and tuning of models for accurate simulation of CT spatial resolution using CatSim
Authors: Zhang Jiayong , Wu Mingye , FitzGerald Paul , Araujo Stephen , De Man Bruno
Published: January 2024

Objective. We sought to systematically evaluate CatSim’s ability to accurately simulate the spatial resolution produced by a typical 64-detector-row clinical CT scanner in the projection and image domains, over the range of clinically used x-ray techniques. Approach. Using a 64-detector-row clinical scanner, we scanned two phantoms designed to evaluate spatial resolution in the projection and image domains. These empirical scans were performed over the standard clinically used range of x-ray techniques (kV, and mA). We extracted projection data from the scanner, and we reconstructed images. For the CatSim simulations, we developed digital phantoms to represent the phantoms used in the empirical scans. We developed a new, realistic model for the x-ray source focal spot, and we empirically tuned a published model for the x-ray detector temporal response. We applied these phantoms and models to simulate scans equivalent to the empirical scans, and we reconstructed the simulated projections using the same methods used for the empirical scans. For the empirical and simulated scans, we qualitatively and quantitatively compared the projection-domain and image-domain point-spread functions (PSFs) as well as the image-domain modulation transfer functions. We reported four quantitative metrics and the percent error between the empirical and simulated results. Main Results. Qualitatively, the PSFs matched well in both the projection and image domains. Quantitatively, all four metrics generally agreed well, with most of the average errors substantially less than 5% for all x-ray techniques. Although the errors tended to increase with decreasing kV, we found that the CatSim simulations agreed with the empirical scans within limits required for the anticipated applications of CatSim. Significance. The new focal spot model and the new detector temporal response model are significant contributions to CatSim because they enabled achieving the desired level of agreement between empirical and simulated results. With these new models and this validation, CatSim users can be confident that the spatial resolution represented by simulations faithfully represents results that would be obtained by a real scanner, within reasonable, known limits. Furthermore, users of CatSim can vary parameters including but not limited to system geometry, focal spot size/shape and detector parameters, beyond the values available in physical scanners, and be confident in the results. Therefore, CatSim can be used to explore new hardware designs as well as new scanning and reconstruction methods, thus enabling acceleration of improved CT scan capabilities.
PROTO-SPHERA: a magnetic confinement experiment which emulates the jet + torus astrophysical plasmas
Authors: Alladio Franco , Micozzi Paolo , Boncagni Luca , Pau Annamaria , Naghinajad Shayesteh , Macera Samanta , Damizia Yacopo , Buratti Paolo , Filippi Francesco , Galatola Teka Giuseppe , Giammanco Francesco , Giovannozzi Edmondo , Iafrati Matteo , Lampasi Alessandro , Marsili Paolo
Published: January 2024

The PROTO-SPHERA experiment, built at the CR-ENEA laboratory in Frascati, was in part inspired by the jet + torus astrophysical plasmas, a rather common morphology in Astrophysics. This paper illustrates how the said plasma morphology can be reproduced in a laboratory with the setup of the PROTO-SPHERA experiment. The experiment as such displayed the appearance and sustainment of a plasma torus around an internal magnetized plasma centerpost (jet) by self-organisation; an entirely unexplored phenomenon to date. The remarkable ideal MHD stability of the PROTO-SPHERA plasma is extremely significant, as it is obtained in a simply connected geometry, inside a perfectly insulating vacuum vessel, and without the need of a nearby stabilizing conducting shell. The concluding sections of this paper deal with application of force-free fields to the Pulsar Wind Nebulae morphology and present an extension of the well-known split-dipole model. Such an extension provides a natural description of the presence of tori around the Pulsar plasma jets. In addition, similarities and differences between the laboratory and the astrophysical jet + torus plasmas are detailed.
Theoretical mechanism behind the higher efficiency of O than OH radicals in polypropylene surface modification: a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Du Hao , Sato Masahiro , Komuro Atsushi , Ono Ryo
Published: January 2024

O and OH radicals are the most important reactive oxygen species in the plasma treatment of polymer surfaces. In our previous studies, we found that the modification efficiency of polypropylene (PP) surface by O radicals was approximately four times higher than that by OH radicals. This observation contrasts with the well-established fact that the chemical reactivity of O radicals with saturated hydrocarbons (C
n
H2(n + 1)) is 50–60 times lower than that of OH radicals. In this study, classical molecular dynamics simulations with a reactive force field were used to explain this contradiction. The results showed that the surface modification of PP by O or OH radicals is a Langmuir–Hinshelwood process. Both O and OH radicals penetrated the bulk PP, that is, physical adsorption occurred before the chemical reactions. The penetration depth of O radicals was greater than that of OH radicals. Compared to the case of OH radicals, alkoxy radicals (RO·) are more readily formed upon the interactions of the PP surface with O radicals. Furthermore, the β-scission (splitting of the C–C bonds) of RO· can be accelerated by the physically adsorbed O radicals, leading to earlier breakage of PP chains. The improved efficiency of the surface modification of PP upon exposure to O radicals, in contrast to that of OH radicals, can be attributed to the differences in the above three crucial processes. These findings are significant for modelling and understanding the mechanisms of plasma-polymer surface treatment at the atomic and molecular levels.
Modeling mechanical waves propagation in flexoelectric solids
Authors: Zhou Haiyang , Tian Xinpeng , Deng Qian , Sladek Jan , Sladek Vladimir
Published: January 2024

In this paper, the propagation of mechanical waves in flexoelectric solids with the consideration of both the direct and converse flexoelectric effects is studied via a collocation mixed finite element method (MFEM). The dynamic effects associated with mechanical waves propagation are accounted by introducing the kinetic energy in the Hamilton’s principle. In the proposed collocation MFEM, a quadratic polynomial is independently assumed for each component of the mechanical strain and electric field. The independently assumed mechanical strain and electric field are collocated with their counterparts computed from the displacement and electric potential at 9 Gaussian quadrature points. Thus, except for the fundamental field variables, no additional degrees of freedom (DOFs) are introduced. By performing the numerical experiments using the collocation MFEM, it is found that due to the direct flexoelectric effect, the propagation of mechanical waves can result in electric polarization in materials. Besides, the converse flexoelectric effect can induce mechanical waves when there are non-uniform transient electric field applied to the material. Numerical results indicate that by increasing the loading speed of the time varying mechanical displacement load, the direct flexoelectric effect associated with the mechanical strain gradient could be significantly enhanced.
Rigid-flexible coupled origami robots via multimaterial 3D printing
Authors: Xue Wenbo , Sun Zechu , Ye Haitao , Liu Qingjiang , Jian Bingcong , Wang Yanjie , Fang Hongbing , Ge Qi
Published: January 2024

Soft robots have significant advantages in flexibility and adaptability and have potential applications in the field of engineering. Unlike traditional manufacturing methods, three-dimensional (3D) printing provides a fast way to fabricate customized and multi-functional robots. However, the fabrication of soft robots requires multimaterial printers and the high-accuracy multi-step assembly process. Among them, fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology has taken the lead compared to other 3D printing methods due to its ease of use, accuracy, and repeatability. However, the FDM multimaterial printing has not been thoroughly explored. Here, we proposed a rigid and flexible material integrated printing approach based on FDM 3D printing technology and reported a cable-driven flexible pipe robot based on Yoshimura origami crease patterns. The implementations show that the robot can realize four-direction bending effectively by the corresponding drive control, which indicates the feasibility of our design and manufacturing method. The proposed approach paves an effective way to design and fabricate the rigid-flexible robot and other devices in the future.
Enhancement of superconductivity by organic flexible substrates in NbSe2 thin flakes
Authors: Jiang Da , Chen Bingxin , Liu Yixin , Peng Wei , Li Wei , An Zhenghua , Mu Gang
Published: January 2024

The regulation of superconductivity is of great significance in basic physics and device applications. Typically superconductivity can be tuned by chemical doping, gate voltage, and pressure. The interaction between superconductivity and substrates in low-dimensional systems is concerned in recent years, but a systematic and in-depth investigation is still lacking. Here we report a systematic study concerning the influence of substrates on the performance of superconductivity in NbSe2 thin flakes. It is found that the superconducting critical temperature Tc
can be enhanced when the organic flexible substrates are adopted, as compared with that using the inorganic rigid substrates. Such an enhancement is more distinct under the applied magnetic fields. The analysis combined with Raman scattering experiments shows that the improvement of superconductivity is closely related to the softening of

E

2
g

1

phonon mode, pointing out the most possible mechanism for the effect of substrates on superconductivity. Meanwhile, the involvement of organic substrate also enhances the wave number of the charge-density-wave related soft mode.
Quantum homogenization in non-Markovian collisional model
Authors: Saha Tanmay , Das Arpan , Ghosh Sibasish
Published: January 2024

Collisional models are a category of microscopic framework designed to study open quantum systems. The framework involves a system sequentially interacting with a bath comprised of identically prepared units. In this regard, quantum homogenization is a process where the system state approaches the identically prepared state of bath unit in the asymptotic limit. Here, we study the homogenization process for a single qubit in the non-Markovian collisional model framework generated via additional bath-bath interaction. With partial swap operation as both system-bath and bath-bath unitary, we numerically demonstrate that homogenization is achieved irrespective of the initial states of the system or bath units. This is reminiscent of the Markovian scenario, where partial swap is the unique operation for a universal quantum homogenizer. On the other hand, we observe that the rate of homogenization is slower than its Markovian counter part. Interestingly, a different choice of bath-bath unitary speeds up the homogenization process but loses the universality, being dependent on the initial states of the bath units.
Ultrafast spin dynamics in magnetic trimer and tetramer clusters: a step towards prototypic spin-SHIFT registers
Authors: Lefkidis G , Chaudhuri D , Jin W , Li C , Dutta D , Hübner W
Published: January 2024

Ultrafast magnetic dynamics is a necessary ingredient for magnetic recording and ultrafast information processing. The shift functionality, although not mandatory for Boolean logic, is always implemented in CMOS CPUs and therefore must be also present in magnetic logic. In this respect, using ab initio calculations we show ultrafast spin dynamics in molecular clusters such as Co3
+CO and Ni4. In this work, we establish that clusters with magnetic atoms can provide a theoretical toolbox for efficient spin charge dynamics whose operation time can range up to a few picoseconds. The prime underlying mechanism for all spin manipulation scenarios in the above mentioned clusters are laser-induced Λ processes where the laser parameters are fully optimized using a genetic algorithm. In general, a structural asymmetry enforces substantial spin localization on the active centers of both magnetic clusters. Keeping in mind the shift functionality, we theoretically suggest a series of spin-transfer scenarios between the Co and Ni atoms in each of these two clusters independently to construct a 3-bit and a 4-bit cyclic spin-SHIFT register, respectively. The maximum operational time for both logic devices is 2 ps, which is much faster than the response time of conventional spintronic devices. Additionally, for a better understanding of the transfer cycles, their feasibility and reversibility are also investigated through the analysis of the optical spectra of the related states. Our results provide important theoretical guidance for ultrafast spin manipulation in molecular structures as well as their potential spin functionality, and thus step closer to the realization of future spin-based logic devices and quantum computation. This effectively motivates the investigation and precise establishment of the shift functionality in magnetic trimers and tetramers.
Wideband and wide-angle reflective metasurface for efficient linear and circular polarization conversion in X, Ku, and K bands
Authors: Ahmad Munzza , Qureshi Ubaid Ur Rahman , Liu Juan , Li Jingnan
Published: January 2024

A single-layer wideband and wide-angle reflective metasurface exhibiting linear to cross-polarization conversion (CPC) and linear-to-circular polarization (LP-to-CP) conversion in the X, Ku, and K bands is presented in this research. The devised metasurface serves as a multifunctional platform, achieving CPC over a substantial fractional bandwidth of 64.34% (9.75–19 GHz) with remarkable efficiency exceeding 90% within the 9.75–16 GHz range, reaching a remarkable 100% at resonant frequencies of 11 GHz and 14.6 GHz. Additionally, linear-to-circular polarization conversion is achieved over a significant bandwidth of 9.54 GHz. Notably, the carefully optimized unit cell structure ensures robust polarization transformation, maintaining stability against variations in the incidence angle of up to 45° for both transverse-electric (TE) and transverse-magnetic (TM) polarizations. The proposed metasurface, characterized by its simplicity, compactness, angular stability, and multifunctionality, demonstrates the considerable potential for various microwave communications, antenna design, radar invisibility, and remote sensing device applications.
Cluster shift keying: covert transmission of information via cluster synchronization in chaotic networks
Authors: Sarı Zekeriya , Günel Serkan
Published: January 2024

A network of chaotic systems can be designed in such a way that the cluster patterns formed by synchronous nodes can be controlled through the coupling parameters. We present a novel approach to exploiting such a network for covert communication, where controlled clusters encode symbols spatio-temporally. The cluster synchronization network is divided into two subnetworks: transmitter and receiver. First, we specifically design the network with controlled parameters in the transmitter. Second, we ensure that the nodes of the links connecting the transmitter and receiver are not in the same clusters for all the control parameters. The former condition ensures that the control parameters changed at the transmitter change the whole clustering scheme. The second condition enforces that the transmitted signals are always continuous and chaotic. Hence, the transmitted signals are not modulated by the information directly but distributed over the links connecting the subnetworks. Without knowing the network topology, the information cannot be deciphered by eavesdropping on the channel links. The performance has been assessed by extensive simulations of bit error rates under noisy channel conditions.
Electronic structure of ground and low-lying excited states of BaLi+ molecular ion: spin-orbit effect, radiative lifetimes and Franck-Condon factor
Authors: Akkari Sana , Zrafi Wissem , Ladjimi Hela , Bejaoui Mohamed , Dhiflaoui Jamila , Berriche Hamid
Published: January 2024

The study of BaLi+ and its reactivity plays a crucial role in advancing our understanding of chemical bonding or reaction mechanisms. The aim of this work is to represent a complete and extended theoretical study of BaLi+ molecular ion including ground and highly excited electronic states of 1,3Σ, 1,3Π and 1,3Δ symmetries, dissociated to the first seven dissociation limits. The corresponding potential energy curves (PECs), permanent and transition dipole moments have been investigated. These calculations were performed using the multireference configuration interaction (MRCI) method in combination with optimized basis sets and non-empirical pseudopotentials (ECP) for both Ba and Li atoms. Afterwards, the spin–orbit (SO) operator is incorporated in valence MRCI calculation using optimized relativistic spin–orbit pseudopotentials and 16 Ω states are generated and splitted into Λ-S states. The SO effect gives rise to a more complicated structure of electronic states presented in PEC and permanent and transition dipole moments. Nonadiabatic coupling matrix elements between the five lowest 1Σ+ states are also presented for the nonrelativistic results. Based on the vibrational radiative lifetime and Franck–Condon calculation, the possibilities of laser cooling of this system have been also discussed.
The role of isotope mass on neutral fueling and density pedestal structure in the DIII-D tokamak
Authors: Chaban R.A. , Mordijck S. , Rosenthal A.M. , Bortolon A. , Hughes J.W. , Knolker M. , Laggner F.M. , Osborne T.H. , Schmitz L. , Thome K.E. , Wilks T.M.
Published: January 2024

Experimental measurements on DIII-D of hydrogen neutral penetration lengths (

λ

n
0

) on the high field side (HFS) are longer by a factor of

2

than for deuterium consistent with the thermal velocity ratio for neutrals at the same temperature

(

v

t
h

H

/

v

t
h

D

=

2

)

. This ratio is constant for both low and high pedestal electron density. At low pedestal density

(

n
e

∼
4
×

10

19

m

−
3

)

, the neutral penetration length is greater than the density pedestal width for both isotopes, and the additional 40% increase of neutral penetration in hydrogen widens the pedestal by the same amount. As the density pedestal height increases

(

n
e

∼
6
×

10

19

m

−
3

)

, the neutral penetration lengths drop below the density pedestal widths for both isotopes, and the increased penetration of hydrogen has no increased effect on the pedestal width compared to deuterium. Extrapolating to future reactor-relevant high electron density pedestals, the isotope-mass change in neutral fueling on the HFS from the deepest neutral penetration of hydrogen, to the shortest neutral penetration of tritium will be negligible (0.2–0.4 cm) in comparison to estimates of the density pedestal width (6–8.5 cm).
Bleustein-Gulyaev waves in topological piezoelectric crystals
Authors: Rojas Vallecilla David Fernando , Granada Echeverri Juan Carlos
Published: January 2024

A topological insulator with piezoelectric properties is considered, and an action is proposed to find the equations of motion and the constitutive relations of the generalized coordinates of electrodynamic and elastic origin, paying special attention to the restructuring induced by the topological properties. The results are used to demonstrate that the electromechanical factor of the Bleustein-Gulyaev waves on the surface of a topological piezoelectric crystal of class

C

6
v

in contact with vacuum undergoes a second-order correction in the fine structure constant, associated with the topological properties.
Active matrix-based pressure sensor system with a 4 × 16 printed decoder designed with a flexible hybrid organic process design kit
Authors: Gupta Palak , Lukosiunas Justas , Marques Gabriel Cadilha , Raths Sebastian , Stehlin Sebastian , Schlisske Stefan , Exner Kai , Strunk Karl-Phillip , Melzer Christian , Erk Peter , Mittermaier Josef , Klotz Anton , Aghassi-Hagmann Jasmin
Published: January 2024

The innovative field of printed sensor with a demand for high accuracy, sensitivity and durability has enabled a wide application area in sensing, healthcare etc. A large-area printed sensor system on a flexible foil substrate emplying p-type organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) is presented. Thereby, the OFET is fabricated through a hybrid manufacturing process, including photolithographically structured source- and drain-electrodes, ink-jet printed organic semiconductor, and spin-coated dielectric. Moreover, a dedicated device model, derived from the variable range hopping model, is developed and integrated together with process related design rules, materials properties and geometric information into a comprehensive process design kit (FH_OPDK). The FH_OPDK is integrated in a commercial electronic design automation tool and is used to design and perform post-layout simulations on logic gates, such as INV, NAND2, and NOR2 as well as circuitry such as ring oscillators and a 4 × 16 digital decoder. Several circuit topologies have been tested and evaluated in a detailed model-hardware correlation analysis. Finally we have optimized logic gates and the decoder in a PMOS only, pseudo CMOS design style. To demonstrate the feasibility of the full sensor system in hardware a 16 × 16 active matrix pressure sensor on a flexible substrate integrated with a 4 × 16 binary decoder was fabricated and tested. We have integrated our flexible hybrid sensor system with a PCB board and a microcontroller to demonstrate the hardware readout platform capable of detecting the weight of objects and visualizing a digital map of applied forces.
Disutility of climate change damages may warrant much stricter climate targets
Authors: Kulkarni Shridhar , Hof Andries , van der Wijst Kaj-Ivar , van Vuuren Detlef
Published: January 2024

Cost-benefit integrated assessment models (IAMs) inform the policy deliberation process by determining cost-optimal greenhouse gas emission reduction pathways based on economic considerations. These models seek to maximise economic utility and treat estimates of climate impacts (damages) and mitigation costs at par as GDP losses, having the same impact on utility reduction. However, prospect theory suggests that a certain level of climate damages could be valued higher by society than the same level of mitigation costs, as climate damages often occur as sudden unexpected events. In this paper, we show how this concept could be taken into account in cost-benefit IAMs and explore possible consequences on optimal mitigation pathways. Our results suggest that compared to the standard utility approach, capturing explicit aversion to climate impact incidence shows optimal pathways with earlier and deeper emission reduction, lowering both net-negative emissions and mid-century temperature peaks in line with stringent Paris Agreement targets.
Effectiveness of poly(methyl methacrylate) spray encapsulation for perovskite solar cells
Authors: Hughes Declan , Spence Michael , Thomas Suzanne K , Apanavicius Rokas , Griffiths Chris , Carnie Matthew J , Tsoi Wing C
Published: January 2024

For commercial applications, Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs) need to be well encapsulated to improve long term stability. The most common method, glass-glass encapsulation, uses edge sealant materials to encapsulate the device between sheets of glass. Glass-Glass encapsulation, while providing provide adequate protection from the ambient environment, limits the use of flexible substrates for thin film solar cells due to its rigidity. Additionally, the added weight of glass encapsulation reduces the specific power (W kg−1) of PSCs, which is an important factor when designing solar cells for aerospace applications. Here we demonstrate that commercially available acrylic spray encapsulation offers efficient and robust stability for PSCs. It is shown that applying the encapsulation via this method does not degrade the PSCs, unlike other literature and glass-glass encapsulation methods. Additionaly, it is shown that 1 coat of acrylic spray encapsulation has an effective thickness of ∼1.77 µm and a weight of ∼6 mg. For stability measurements, PSCs with an acrylic coating show a 4% increase in performance after ∼730 h under dark storage conditions and retain 88% of their initial power conversion efficiency after 288 h under 85% relative humidity 25 °C. We anticipate our assay to be a starting point for further studies into spray encapsulation materials and methods not just for terrestial applications, but for aerospace applications as well.
Compact moduli of K3 surfaces with a nonsymplectic automorphism
Authors: Alexeev Valery , Engel Philip , Han Changho
Published: January 2024

We construct a modular compactification via stable slc pairs for the moduli spaces of K3 surfaces with a nonsymplectic group of automorphisms under the assumption that some combination of the fixed loci of automorphisms defines an effective big divisor, and prove that it is semitoroidal.
A multiscale characterization of cortical shape asymmetries in early psychosis
Authors: Chen Yu-Chi , Tiego Jeggan , Segal Ashlea , Chopra Sidhant , Holmes Alexander , Suo Chao , Pang James C , Fornito Alex , Aquino Kevin M
Published: January 2024

Psychosis has often been linked to abnormal cortical asymmetry, but prior results have been inconsistent. Here, we applied a novel spectral shape analysis to characterize cortical shape asymmetries in patients with early psychosis across different spatial scales. We used the Human Connectome Project for Early Psychosis dataset (aged 16–35), comprising 56 healthy controls (37 males, 19 females) and 112 patients with early psychosis (68 males, 44 females). We quantified shape variations of each hemisphere over different spatial frequencies and applied a general linear model to compare differences between healthy controls and patients with early psychosis. We further used canonical correlation analysis to examine associations between shape asymmetries and clinical symptoms. Cortical shape asymmetries, spanning wavelengths from about 22 to 75 mm, were significantly different between healthy controls and patients with early psychosis (Cohen’s d = 0.28–0.51), with patients showing greater asymmetry in cortical shape than controls. A single canonical mode linked the asymmetry measures to symptoms (canonical correlation analysis r = 0.45), such that higher cortical asymmetry was correlated with more severe excitement symptoms and less severe emotional distress. Significant group differences in the asymmetries of traditional morphological measures of cortical thickness, surface area, and gyrification, at either global or regional levels, were not identified. Cortical shape asymmetries are more sensitive than other morphological asymmetries in capturing abnormalities in patients with early psychosis. These abnormalities are expressed at coarse spatial scales and are correlated with specific symptom domains.
Comprehensive evaluation of multi-energy complementary ecosystem based on improved multicriteria decision-making method
Authors: Shuyi Huang , Xuetong Zou , Huaguang Liang , Jie Chen
Published: January 2024

The multi-energy complementary ecosystem is an important form of the modern energy system. However, standardized evaluation criteria and the corresponding method framework have not yet been formed, resulting in unclear standards and irregular processes of its construction. To cope with this issue, a novel comprehensive evaluation framework for multi-energy complementary ecosystems is proposed in this study. First, a 5D comprehensive evaluation criteria system, including environment, economy, technology, safety and systematicness, is constructed. Then, a novel multicriteria decision-making model integrating an analytic network process, entropy and preference-ranking organization method for enrichment evaluation under an intuitional fuzzy environment is proposed. Finally, four practical cases are used for model testing and empirical analysis. The results of the research show that the unit cost of the energy supply and the internal rate of return indexes have the highest weights of 0.142 and 0.010, respectively. It means that they are the focus in the construction of a multi-energy complementary ecosystem. The net flows of four cases are 0.015, 0.123, –0.132 and –0.005, indicating that cases with a variety of energy supply forms and using intelligent management and control platforms to achieve cold, heat and electrical coupling have more advantages.
Numerical modelling and simulation analysis of wind blades: a critical review
Authors: Alrowwad Ibrahim , Wang Xiaojia , Zhou Ningling
Published: January 2024

Wind energy has emerged as a promising renewable energy source and wind turbine technology has developed rapidly in recent years. Improved wind turbine performance depends heavily on the design and optimization of wind blades. This work offers a critical evaluation of the state of the art in the field of numerical modelling and simulation analysis, which have become crucial for the design and optimization of wind blades. The evaluation of the literature includes considerable research on the application of numerical methods for the structural and aerodynamic performance of wind blades under various operating situations, as well as for analysis and optimization of wind blades. The article illustrates how numerical techniques can be used to analyse wind blade performance and maximize design efficiency. The study of blade performance under various wind conditions has also been made possible through the use of simulation analysis, thus enhancing the efficiency and dependability of wind turbines. Improvements in wind turbine efficiency and dependability, and ultimately the move towards a more sustainable energy future, will be greatly helpful for the development of numerical modelling and simulation techniques.