bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Rolling Direction to the Strength of a Thin-Walled Steel SHS Beam under Concentrated-Compressive Load and Bending Moment
Authors: Kadir Andi M. , Priadi Dedi , Siradj Eddy S. , Setiyono Harkali
Published: February 2014

In this research, it has been carried out the development of a strength analytical method of a thin-walled steel square pipe (Square Hollow Section/SHS) affected by the interaction of concentrated-compressive load and bending moment then it verified by experimental approach. The experimental approach was consisted of measuring a basic material property and the strength of the investigated SHS pipe. The basic material property identified parallel to rolling direction (0o) and perpendicular to rolling direction (90o). The analytical data obtained from cut-off strength method is generally scattered within the acceptable limits of ± 20 % and tends to be in unconservative region. The actual data measured from experiments shows that SHS beam with t = 0.6 mm and longitudinal axis parallel to the rolling direction of base material has higher strength compared to the one of the SHS beam with t= 0.6 mm and longitudinal axis perpendicular to the rolling direction, meanwhile the SHS beam with t= 1.2 mm is tends to be equal. This means that the rolling direction of base material can be considered to be a parameter in the strength design of a thin-walled SHS beam
Optimization Design of Airfoil Propellers of Modified NACA 4415 Using Computational Fluids Dynamics
Authors: Sudarsono Sudarsono , Purwanto Purwanto , Soedarsono Johny Wahyuadi
Published: February 2014

Utilization of wind power in Indonesia is less attractive compared with utilization of conventional fuel. This is because the price of wind energy is not competitive when compared with fossil energy prices, and as a result of the implementation of energy pricing policy through subsidies. Before designing the Wind Energy Conversion System, simulation of computational fluid dynamics needs to be done in order for reducing designing time and cost. In this research, modeling and simulation work has been done to figure out the optimum aerodynamics coefficient of wind turbine blades at different Reynolds number. This blade is a modification of standard airfoil of NACA 4415. The aerodynamics coefficient of modify and standard airfoil is then compared. FLUENT software and Spalart-Allmaras Turbulent Model are used in this work. Based on the comparison of the coefficient of aerodynamic, modification NACA 4415 airfoil has better performance at Reynolds number of 4.1 x 104 to 2.5 x 105. The experiment results also showed that based on a numerical study of the modification NACA 4415 airfoil can be used as a basis for the establishment of wind turbine blades.
Thickness and Fiber Content Optimization in VARTM Method for High Speed Craft
Authors: Sunaryo Sunaryo , Putra Gerry Liston , Lestari Sri Maharani
Published: February 2014

To improve production efficiency and quality of fiber-glass boatyards many research have been done both through technological as well as management aspects. One of these developments is Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) which is claimed to have high strength and material efficiency. This method has not much been applied in Indonesian boatyards, most of them are still using conventional hand lay-up. The research is aimed to investigate the strength of the composite and the optimum amount of materials to obtain the required strength for its application on boat buildings. Experimental approach was conducted in the research using 800 biaxial and 900 unidirectional E-glass for reinforcement, and vinylester (RIPOXY R-802-EX-1) resin for the matrix. The ultimate tensile strength and Youngs modulus of the composites are obtained through tensile and flexural test based on ASTM D 3039 and ASTM D 790 standards. The data obtained are used to determine the optimum number of layers and fiber content on certain locations of the boat hull structure in order to comply with the requirements of classification rules.
Application of Al2O3 Nanofluid on Sintered Copper-Powder Vapor Chamber for Electronic Cooling
Authors: Putra Nandy , Septiadi Wayan Nata , Sahmura Ranggi , Anggara Cahya Tri
Published: February 2014

The development of electronic devices pushes manufacturers to create smaller microchips with higher performance than ever before. Microchip with higher working load produces more heat. This leads to the need of cooling system that able to dissipate high heat flux. Vapor chamber is one of highly effective heat spreading device. Its ability to dissipate high heat flux density in limited space made it potential for electronic cooling application, like Central Processing Unit (CPU) cooling system. The purpose of this paper is to study the application of Al2O3 Nanofluid as working fluid for vapor chamber. Vapor chamber performance was measured in real CPU working condition. Al2O3 Nanofluid with concentration of 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 3% as working fluid of the vapor chamber were tested and compared with its base fluid, water. Al2O3 nanofluid shows better thermal performance than its base fluid due to the interaction of particle enhancing the thermal conductivity. The result showed that the effect of working fluid is significant to the performance of vapor chamber at high heat load, and the application of Al2O3 nanofluid as working fluid would enhance thermal performance of vapor chamber, compared to other conventional working fluid being used before.
Real-Time Monitoring System of Dieless Bellows Forming Using Machine Vision
Authors: Supriadi Sugeng , Furushima Tsuyoshi , Manabe Kenichi
Published: February 2014

Dieless bellows forming using local heating technique is an advanced flexible forming technology to produce bellows from straight tube without the use of dies. The deformation is induced by applying continuous compression, and local heating. Advantages of these processes are the absence of dies, applicability for various materials, suitability for flexible forming process including low batch production, flexibility on workpiece sizes and output geometries. However, the implementation of these processes is still low owing to the low quality, reproducibility, and production speed. The limitation of these dieless forming processes using local heating is caused by the absence of dies required to form the desired profile. Therefore deformation depends on temperature, length of heating zone, processing speed, speed ratio of feeding to fabrication speeds. In order to enhance the product quality in these dieless forming with local heating, real-time monitoring are necessary to identify deformation progress. Machine vision based on image processing technique was selected to monitor deformation behavior on dieless bellows forming process. The present paper describes real-time monitoring using image processing approach to monitor dimensional profile and temperature distribution during the process. The results show that machine vision is effective and efficient to monitor dynamic deformation of dieless bellows forming proces and able to identify abnormal process condition.
Low Speed Electric Machine Used for Electric Generating from Savonius Windmill
Authors: Lukiyanto Y.B.
Published: February 2014

Savonius windmill having advantages high starting torque and simple construction is applicable for Indonesia as a developing country with annual average wind speed 4,5 5,0 m/s. The purpose of the experiment is to identify characteristics of an electric machine used for low speed electric generator. The electric machine for the experiment is a permanent magnet electric motor usually used for electric bicycle. The electric motor is tested as an electric generator and rotated with variations of speed. Outputs of the generator are torque, voltage and current with 1) variation of lamps-load, 2) constant voltage-load for 12 volt and 24 volt battery charging and 3) combination of 12 volt battery charging and variation of lamps-load. The average efficiency of the generator is 59,8% and 65,4% for 12 volt and 24 volt battery charging. Battery charging starts at 95 rpm and maximum electric generating current is 20 Ampere at generator speed about 175 rpm.
Physics and Chemistry Test on Aluminum-Based Composite Materials as an Alternative Material for the Manufacture of Brake Drum
Authors: Tjahjanti Prantasi Harmi , Nugroho Wibowo Harso , Wahyuni Hana Catur
Published: February 2014

One of the components of the vehicle are of particular interest is the brake system , because its main function is to stop the rotation axis, set the axis of rotation and to prevent unwanted rotation. One classification system is the brake drum that has been widely made of cast iron, cast iron and cast steel special. This study makes brake drum of composite materials aluminum-based, with reinforcement is silicon carbide (SiC), obtained optimum composition of 15%, so it is written (Al-Si)-SiC/15%. Physics testing includes testing of thermal conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient, and Chemistry testing the corrosion penetration rate when the test material was coating with regular polish, with chrome, with nickel and with nickel + chrome. The final results showed that the value of conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient of the composite material is lower than cast iron, aluminum and other alloys. That is pretty good heat resistance when applied to brake drum material. The lowest of corrosion penetration rate on coating material with a layer of Ni-Cr.
Hot Corrosion of Aluminized 1020 Steel with NaCl Deposit
Authors: Badaruddin Mohammad , Sugiyanto Sugiyanto
Published: February 2014

The oxidation of hot-dip aluminized AISI 1020 steel coated with NaCl in static air at 700°C for a duration of time 49 h was studied by employing thermogravimetry, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Electron Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. It was found that NaCl deposits markedly accelerated the oxidation of the AISI 1020 steel. The aluminide coating on the bare steel gives the best oxidation protection by forming continuous alumina scale (Al2O3). The degradation of aluminide layer and alumina scale on the steel are associated by chloridation/oxidation cyclic reactions. In addition, the released chlorine will be as catalytic actions and leads to the formation of loose Al2O3 during corrosion.
Improvement of Stress Corrosion Resistance in Aluminum Alloy 7075 through Retrogression and Re-Aging Modification
Authors: Nurlia Enung , Purwadaria Sunara
Published: February 2014

So far, application of RRA (Retrogression and Re-aging) heat treatment in improving SSC (stress corrosion cracking) resistance of aluminum alloy 7075 is limited to thin samples as it is constrained by short retrogression time at high temperature. The aim of this research is to obtain thick aluminum alloy 7075 plate with good SCC resistance through RRA modification. In RRA modification, the retrogressed alloy samples were rolled at three different temperatures (27o C, 120o C, and 180o C) and at three different thickness reductions (10%, 15%, and 20%) followed by re-aging at 120o C for 16 hours. SCC resistance was determined from time to failure (tf) at fixed loading at 0.8 yield strength of material in test solution of 3 wt -% NaCl at pH 4. The sample with longest time to failure is referred to as the most SCC-resistant. Generally, modified RRA alloy has better SCC resistance compared to T6 alloy and conventional RRA alloy. Highest SSC resistance was found at three conditions, namely 27o C-20% reduction, 27o C-15% reduction, and 180o C-20% reduction). Micro-structurally, these conditions produce large precipitates with wider space in grain boundaries. Around grain boundaries, they also produce smaller intermetallic particles with broader distribution.
Behavior of CO2 Corrosion of API 5L X52 Steel in NaCl Solution under Turbulent Flow Condition
Authors: Rustandi Andi , Adhika Nitiyoga , Prima Tezar , Aziz Nur
Published: February 2014

The presence of carbon dioxide (CO2) and water in the fluid can cause severe internal corrosion in the pipelines. This study aims to observe corrosion behavior during the changes in flow rate and acidity conditions in order to obtain the relationship between the parameters by the measured corrosion rate. Corrosion rate measurements were performed for API 5L X52 steel material by using polarization method in 3.5% NaCl solution with saturated CO2 injection. Solution with different acidity were applied which has pH 4, 5, and 6 respectively. To simulate the flow rate, a Rotating Cylinder Electrode RCE was used at various rotation rates 0, 375, 750, 1500, and 3000 rpm, at room temperature (25°C) and atmospheric pressure. Based on testing results, the changes in rotation converted to flow rate showed that the corrosion mechanism of API 5L X52 steel in NaCl solution with saturated CO2 content was mainly controlled by mass transport at pH=4 whereas chemically controlled involved both at pH=5 and pH=6 conditions.
Corrosion Inhibitor Performance with Presence of FeCO3 Film in CO2 Corrosion Environment under Fluid Flow Effect
Authors: Yaakob Sarini Mat , Ismail M. Che
Published: February 2014

Corrosion due to carbon dioxide (CO2) has a major impact on the oil and gas industry by severely affecting production and process facilities. One of the most economic methods to prevent the corrosion of piping and plants is the application of corrosion inhibitors. The presences of corrosion product such as iron carbonate (FeCO3) film may affect to the performance of corrosion inhibitor. In addition to that, fluid flow effect in pipeline may also influence the performance of corrosion inhibitor. Thus, the present work is conducted to study the effect of FeCO3 film to the performance of imidazoline based corrosion inhibitor under fluid flow effect. The experiments were done in glass cells at 80°C. The hydrodynamic condition experiment was simulated using rotating cylinder electrode (RCE). Corrosion inhibitor was added at two different concentrations in the iron carbonate film formation. A corrosion rates were measured by linear polarization resistance (LPR) method. The film was later analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that a better corrosion protection is still offered by corrosion inhibitor even with presence of FeCO3 film. A synergistic effect is offered by these two films of corrosion inhibitor and FeCO in reducing corrosion rate.
Corrosion of Concrete Using Portland Composite Cement and Rice Husk Ash under Simulated Acid Rain Environment
Authors: Ahmad Irma Aswani , Parung Herman , Tjaronge Muhammad Wihardi , Djamaluddin Rudy
Published: February 2014

Cement production, which results in higher CO2 levels, has a negative impact on environment. This phenomenon has caused the emergence of a new type of environmentally friendly cement, such as Portland Composite Cement (PCC). On the other hand, rainfall becomes high acidity level. This will be an issue in the construction of concrete, which causes concrete deterioration if value of pH is below 6. The purpose of this study is to investigate corrosion caused by acid rainfall when used PCC cement mixed with RHA. RHA replacement level of 5%, by weight of cement was used in this study. The compressive strength design was 30 MPa. The simulated acid rain solution was prepared by mixing solution of H2SO4 and HNO3 to reach value pH of 4. The deterioration was measured by the number of corrosion product using SEM test. The results indicate a decrease in the number of component corrosion that occurs by using ASP.
Submerged Ultrafiltration for Minimizing Energy Process of Refinery Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Yuliawati Erna , Ismail Ahmad Fauzi
Published: February 2014

Refinery wastewater treatment is needed especially in the oil-producing arid regions such as oil refineries due to water scarcity. One of potentially applicable process to treat refinery wastewater is a submerged membrane technology. However, the application of submerged membrane systems for industrial wastewater treatment is still in its infancy due to significant variety in wastewater composition and high operational costs. Aim of this study was to investigate ultrafiltration (UF) membrane morphology and performance for refinery produced wastewater treatment. Submerged UF bundle was equipped using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fibers, which added by dispersing lithium chloride monohydrate (LiCl.H2O) and titanium dioxide (TiO2). The comparison of morphological and performance tests was conducted on prepared PVDF ultrafiltration membranes. Distinctive changes were observed in membrane characteristics in term of membrane wettability, tensile testing and roughness measurement. Mean pore size and surface porosity were calculated based on permeate flux. Fouling characteristics for hydrophilic PVDF hollow fibers fouled with suspended solid matter was also investigated. Mixed liquor suspended solid (MLSS) of 3 g/L and 4.5 g/L were assessed by using submerged PVDF membrane with varied air bubble flow rates. Results showed that effect of air bubbles flow rate of 2.4 ml/min increased flux, total suspended solids (TSS) and sulfide removal of 148.82 L/m2h, 99.82 % and 89.2%, respectively due to increase of turbulence around fibers, which exerts shear stress to minimize particles deposited on membrane surface. It was concluded that submerged ultrafiltration is an available option to minimize energy process for treating such wastewater solution.
Formation and Characterization of MMCs Alloy Al-5%Cu-4%Mg/SiC(p) by Thixoforming Process
Authors: Afandi Yusuf , Zulfia Anne , Priadi Dedi , Jujur I Nyoman
Published: February 2014

Metal matrix composites (MMCs) are new materials, which are very essential for industry manufacture applications, such as automotive, aerospace and military. So far, an enhancement of the MMCs hardness has been interestingly studied. In this paper, we study the formation of Al-5%Cu-4%Mg matrix with the reinforcement of SiC by thixoforming process. Several important parameters for increasing the MMCs hardness, such as volume fraction of reinforcement, ageing time and temperature, are investigated. It is found from the microstructure analysis that the distribution of SiC particles is homogen for both MMCs with 5 vf.% SiC and 10 vf.% SiC. We also found fine, globular and non-dendritic structures, indicating that an appropriate structure of thixoforming process is obtained. From the hardness measurement, the hardness values are influenced by the reinforcement, thixoprocess and ageing. Our experimental results indicates that such parameters have to be considered in order to obtain the optimum performance of Al-5%Cu-4%Mg matrix.
SrTiO3 Thin Films Deposition Using Pulsed Laser Deposition Technique
Authors: Dinari Pia , Chandra Christian , Suwardy Joko , Mustofa Salim , Darma Yudi
Published: February 2014

Strontium titanate (SrTiO3) thin film has been deposited on Si (100) substrate using pulsed laser deposition technique. Film deposition was carried out at low temperature (150°C) by maintained the pressure at 10-4 Torr. Nanometer-thick SrTiO3 film on Si substrate was characterized using SEM, AFM, XRD, and Raman Spectroscopy. SEM and AFM images show that SrTiO3 film has growth on Si substrate uniformly. Raman and XRD spectroscopy also support the growth of SrTiO3 film on Si substrate. Furthermore, to investigate the effect of post-deposition thermal annealing, the samples were annealed up to 900°C. Thermal stability of SrTiO3/Si structure was studied by mean XRD spectra. The X-Ray Diffraction pattern indicates the crystallinity improvement through atomic arrangements during thermal annealing process.
The Influence of Various Percentage of Al2O3 by Using Vortex Method to Tensile Strength and the Distribution of Al2O3p Composite
Authors: Junus Salahuddin , Zulfia Anne , Tanoto Eric , Mariani Lilis
Published: February 2014

Aluminum composite reinforced ceramic particles can be created through stirring process (Stir Casting) so that the molten aluminum to form a vortex as a space for the reinforced of Al2O3 particles well distributed on the aluminum melt. Engineering ceramic particles and vortex formation process will determine the distribution of particles in molten aluminum metal. Mg was added during the melting and argon was flushed to improve wetting system and protect oxidation. In this study, billet Al.6061 was combined with various percentage of Al2O3 from 5Vf % to 20Vf%. The results showed that the optimum tensile strength obtained at 10Vf % Al2O3 with the value of 190 MPa.
Nanosize Effects on Magnetic Properties and Peak Shifting of X-Ray Diffraction Pattern of BaFe12O19 Produced by Sol Gel Method
Authors: Suastiyanti Dwita , Soegijono Bambang , Hikam M.
Published: February 2014

The formation of barium hexaferrite, BaFe12O19 single phase with nanosize crystalline is very important to get the best performance especially magnetic properties. The samples were prepared by sol gel method in citric acid-metal nitrates system. Hence the mole ratios of Ba2+/Fe3+ were varied at 1:12 and 1:11.5 with pH of 7 in all cases using ammonia solution. The solution was then heated at 80-90°C for 3 to 4 hours. Then it was kept on a pre-heated oven at 150°C. The samples were then heat treated at 450°C for 24 hours. Sintering process was done at 850°C and 1000°C for 10 hours.Crystallite size was calculated by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) peaks using scherrer formula. To confirm the formation of a single phase, XRD analyses were done by comparing the sample patterns with standard pattern. The peak shifting of pattern could be seen from XRD pattern using rocking curves at extreme certain 2θ. It was used MPS Magnet Physik EP3 Permagraph L to know magnetic characteristics. This method can produce BaFe12O19 nanosize powder, 22-34 nm for crystallite size and 55.59-78.58 nm for particle size. A little diference in nanosize affects the peak shifting of XRD pattern significantly but shows a little difference in magnetic properties especially for samples at 850°C and 1000°C with mole ratio of 1:12 respectively. The well crystalline powder is formed at mole ratio of 1:11.5 at 850°C since it has the finest particle (55.59 nm) and crystalline (21 nm), the highest remanent magnetization (0.161 T) and the lowest intrinsic coersive (275.8 kA/m). It is also fitting exactly to the standard diffraction pattern with the highest value of best Figure of Merit (FoM), 90%. XRD peak position of this sample is almost same with XRD peak position of another sample with sinter temperature 1000°C at same mole ratio.
Microstructure and Phase Analysis of La0.8Ba0.2TixMn(1-x)O3 System for Microwave Absorber Material (x = 0 – 0.7)
Authors: Adi Wisnu Ari , Manaf Azwar
Published: February 2014

The synthesis and characterization of the magnetic materials of La0.8Ba0.2Mn (1-x)TixO3 system (x = 0 0.7) by mechanical alloying process have been performed. This magnetic material is prepared by oxides, namely La2O3, BaCO3, MnCO3 and TiO2. The mixture was milled for 10 h and then sintered at 1000 ° C for 10 h. The refinement results of x-ray diffraction pattern showed that the doping concentration (x < 0.5) was a single phase, which has a structure monoclinic (I12/a1) with lattice parameters a = 5.5169(5) Å, b = 5.5437(5) Å and c = 7.8553(7) Å, = 90o and 89.75(1) o, V = 240.25(4) Å3 and 6.345 gr.cm-3. The microstructure analysis showed that the particle shapes was polygonal with the varied particle sizes distributed homogeneously on the surface of the samples. We concluded that the maximum number of titanium atoms substituting manganese atom is around x ~ 0.43 without changing the structure of this system.
Spontaneous electrical activity of guinea-pig sinoatrial cells under modulation of two different pacemaker mechanisms
Authors: Cacciani Francesca , Zaniboni Massimiliano
Published: February 2014

The main cellular determinants of cardiac automaticity are the hyperpolarization-activated cationic current If, and the electrogenic Na+/Ca2+ exchanger which generates an inward current after each action potential (AP). Our goal was to evaluate their relative role in pacemaking, by means of application of Ivabradine (IVA) (specific If blocker) and Ryanodine (RYA) (known to abolish calcium transient) on enzimatically isolated guinea-pig pacemaker cells. Spontaneous APs were recorded in patch-clamp whole cell configuration at 36°C from 7 cells perfused with the following sequence of solutions: physiological normal tyrode (NT), IVA 3 mM, NT and RYA 3 mM. Cycle length (CL, ms) and diastolic depolarization rate (DDR, V/s) were also calculated. Both blockers displayed similar effects, increasing CL (by 27 and 30%, respectively), and decreasing DDR (by 34 and 42%) with respect to NT exposure. These results suggest that both mechanisms are involved into pacemaking mechanism at a similar degree.
Molecular contiguity between man and animal: the cutting-edge studies carried out by Paolo Sotgiu Institute, L.U.de.S. University, Lugano, Switzerland
Authors: Cocchi Massimo , Tonello Lucio , Gabrielli Fabio
Published: February 2014

Recent research on the contiguity between man and animal provides strong evidence for the studies carried out by Paolo Sotgiu Institute for Research in Quantitative & Quantum Psychiatry & Cardiology, L.U.de.S. University, Lugano, Switzerland, in collaboration with the Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Italy. The works, co- ordinated by Prof. Massimo Cocchi – Paolo Sotgiu Institute Scientific Director – have underlined this continuity, especially as to the relationship between man and dog, not only from an evolutionary point of view, but rather from a molecular perspective.
Metabolic syndrome and cognitive performance in the elderly
Authors: Rinaldi Marianna , Graffi Giuseppe , Gallone Salvatore , Rabino Massa Emma
Published: February 2014

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of conditions, each of which represents a risk factor for cardiovascular disease: central obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and hypertension. In different recent studies, MetS has been associated with an accelerate cognitive decline in the elderly. The aim of our research was to investigate the relationship between MetS and cognitive performance in 174 Italian elderly people living in Val Cenischia (Piedmont, Italy). Mini mental state examination (MMSE) has been administered to assess the cognitive status of all participants. The prevalence of MetS is 50.3% (51.3 and 49.5% for males and females, respectively). Our results confirm the association between MetS and worse cognitive performance in the elderly: an increased number of MetS components is associated with an increased risk of developing cognitive impairment (odds ratio=1.54; confidence interval 95%:1.04-2.28; P<0.05).
Study of skin degradation in ancient Egyptian mummies: complementarity of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and histological analysis
Authors: Stani Mariachiara , Baraldi Andrea , Boano Rosa , Cinquetti Rosangela , Bridelli Maria Grazia
Published: February 2014

Some dynastic and pre-dynastic Egyptian mummies from the Giovanni Marro Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, University of Turin, Italy have been studied by means of the combined approach of both Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and histological analysis, with the aim of investigating the preservation state of the skin of ancient archaeological remains, as a consequence of the differences between the two kinds of mummification processes, i.e. natural and by means of embalming substances. The results suggest that the balms used in the dynastic mummies embalming process really could have played an important role in the prevention of corpse deterioration.
K:D-Rib: cancer cell proliferation inibitor and DNAzyme folding promoter
Authors: Bruni Luca , Croci Simonetta
Published: February 2014

We report the effects of K:D-Rib, a D-ribose and KHCO3 water solution on HTB-126 human cancer cell line proliferation and the preliminary ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) measures of DNAzyme as biosensor of extracellular K+ concentration. On the one hand, we demonstrate that the synergic action of KHCO3 and D-ribose from one side has a cytostatic effect on human breast cancer cell line increasing by 30% the doubling population time of treated cells with respect to the control; and on the other hand we demonstrate how it seems to permit the K+ uptake.
Relationship between maximal fat oxidation and oxygen uptake: comparison between type 2 diabetes patients and healthy sedentary subjects
Authors: Cataldo Angelo , Russo Giuseppe , Cerasola Dario , Di Majo Danila , Giammanco Marco , Traina Marcello
Published: February 2014

The contribution of fat oxidation to energy production during exercise is influenced by intensity of exercise. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the highest value of fat oxidation rate (FATmax) and the oxygen uptake (VO2) in sedentary type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients vs healthy sedentary subjects. Sedentary T2D patients and healthy sedentary subjects were evaluated to a graded exercise test, and oxygen uptake and fat oxidation rate were detected. Data show that in T2D patients fat oxidation rate is not impaired and the positive linear correlation between FATmax and both VO2 and VO2max suggests that even in T2D patients the muscle oxidative capacity might increase in response to aerobic training.
Intracellular magnesium content changes during mitochondria-mediated apoptosis: in depth study of early events on mitochondrial membrane potential
Authors: Merolle Lucia , Cappadone Concettina , Farruggia Giovanna , Marraccini Chiara , Sargenti Azzurra , Colanardi Alessia , Iotti Stefano
Published: February 2014

A recent study showed the antitumor activity of a new indole-derivative – MM-67 – inducing mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and a decrease of intracellular magnesium (Mg) concentration in HT29 colon cancer cells. Aim of this work was to assess cellular Mg levels throughout MM-67-induced apoptosis from the early to the final stage of the process and to evaluate the correlation with mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) variations. All analysis were performed by flow cytometry: ΔΨm was assessed by using mitochondrial potential sensitive dye DiOC6, while free and total intracellular cation concentrations were assessed by using the commercial probe MagFluo4-AM (Kd=4.7 mM), and the new synthesized DCHQ5 (Kd=8.3 mM), respectively. Our results evidenced that the MM67 induced apoptosis is characterized by a direct correlation between ΔΨ and free intracellular Mg content variations.
New perspective in the assessment of total intracellular magnesium
Authors: Sargenti Azzurra , Merolle Lucia , Andreani Giulia , Cappadone Concettina , Farruggia Giovanna , Iotti Stefano , Marraccini Chiara
Published: February 2014

Magnesium (Mg) is essential for biological processes, but its cellular homeostasis has not been thoroughly elucidated, mainly because of the inadequacy of the available techniques to map intracellular Mg distribution. Recently, particular interest has been raised by a new family of fluorescent probes, diaza-18-crown-hydroxyquinoline (DCHQ), that shows remarkably high affinity and specificity for Mg, thus permitting the detection of the total intracellular Mg. The data obtained by fluori- metric and cytofluorimetric assays performed with DCHQ5 are in good agreement with atomic absorption spectroscopy, confirming that DCHQ5 probe allows both qualitative and quantitative determination of total intracellular Mg.
The control of abstinence in the treatment of alcohol dependence: the use of acamprosate in relapse prevention
Authors: Venturella Fabio , Asaro Anna , Faillace Guido , Spinnato Gianpaolo , Di Majo Danila , La Guardia Maurizio , Giammanco Marco , Aiello Stefania
Published: February 2014

Treatment with acamprosate is a valid tool to complement psychotherapy as it does not cause addiction, abuse or withdrawal of its suspension and does not interfere with other medications that patients often alcoholics must take. To evaluate the effectiveness, our study evaluated the effects of Acamprosate compared to γ-hydroxybutyrate in clinical-physiological and social health in a way indicator of a possible therapeutic success in terms of abstinence from alcohol and social reintegration. A total of 36 patients were observed, of which 5, 4 men and 1 woman at the Drug Addiction Service (Servizio Tossicodipendenze, Ser.T) Alcamo, and 31, 21 men and 10 women at the Ser.T of Palermo. As regards the craving, during the period of treatment with acamprosate, there has been a change, in the sense of reduction, of craving for alcohol: if before therapy was in 68% of cases, medium-high, it becomes after 3-4 months of therapy in low-nil in 89% of patients observed. It has been recorded that, after 3-4 months after receiving acamprosate, the clinical picture of the patient is greatly improved by referring to biological markers. In particular, the strong point seems to be the ability for the user to experience a new sense of normalcy and to remove the desire for significant periods of alcohol.
Groundwater hydrology and water supply of Prince Edward Island
Authors: Brandon L V
Published: February 2014

Groundwater is effluent to rivers on Prince Edward Island. An approximate annual hydrologic balance can be made for various river basins, but the range in annual precipitation shows that this balance may vary widely. The movement of groundwater is permitted both
by intergranular permeability and inter joint flow in the bedrock. Excellent supplies of groundwater are available and towns and industries obtain their water supply from well fields. Salt-water contamination occurs in a few wells close to the seashore, and may be the main water supply problem if
larger well fields are constructed for industrial and municipal growth.
Cavendish township geophysical test range: 1973 diamond drilling
Authors: Williams D A , Scott W J , Dyck A V
Published: February 2014

During the winter of 1972-73, thirty-three holes averaging 100 feet in length were drilled on the geophysical test range in Cavendish Township, Ontario. The bedrock consists of Grenville mafic gneiss, crystalline limestone and granitic gneiss. Two zones of
pyrite-pyrrhotite concentration are found within the gneisses. Each zone is characterized by an outer region containing approximately 2% sulphides, and an inner region with concentrations of up to 10% sulphides. The two zones appear to dip towards each other. Although traces of sphalerite
and chalcopyrite were observed, no base metal concentration in excess of 600 parts per million was found.
Precambrian geology of the Tulemalu Lake-Yathkyed Lake area, District of Keewatin
Authors: Eade K E
Published: February 2014

Most of the map area is underlain by Archean rocks. They comprise supracrustal metavolcanics, metagreywackes and migmatized equivalents of the Henik Croup; gneisses of various origins; and plutonic rocks ranging in composition from quartz monzonite to gabbro,
including late Archean metagabbro Kazan Dykes. Easterly trending, early Aphebian, Tulemalu gabbro dykes are a prominent feature of the area. Aphebian gneisses, consisting of reworked Archean rocks, are confined to the southeast part of the map are a. A small down-faulted block of metamorphosed
Aphebian Hurwitz Croup rocks is present in the area. Small, syntectonic, Aphebian, syenitic to granitic plutons occur throughout the area. Unmetamorphosed, late Aphebian Dubawnt Croup volcanics, volcaniclastic sediments, and minor plutonic rocks occur, chiefly in three basins. Late Aphebian,
posttectonic granite is prominent in the northwest part of the map area. The area is intersected by major northeast, east, north or northwest faults. Vertical movement is predominant on all faults. Northeast-trending faults are probably the oldest and northwest­trending faults the youngest.
Readjustments have occurred on all the faults from time to time. Most of the Archean gneisses and supracrustals have been folded a long northeast axes and refolded a long northwest axes. This folding was Arche an. Structural-lithological domains are outlined and form part of a subdivision of all
southern District of Keewatin. Isotopie age determinations date the Archean rocks, the Tulemalu Dykes and the post-Dubawnt Croup granite. They also show that one structural-lithological domain is little affected by post­Archean orogeny. Uranium mineralization is in many places associated with the
contact of the Archean rocks and the Dubawnt Croup. Sulphides commonly occur with the metavolcanics of the Henik Croup, but no deposits of present economic value are known.
Quaternary geology of the southeast Baffin Island continental shelf
Authors: Praeg D B , Maclean B , Hardy I A , Mudie P
J
Published: February 2014

The Quaternary sediments of the southeast Baffin lsland continental shelf have been investigated using acoustic data (Huntec DTS and 655 cm 3 air gun seismic profiles, sidescan sonograms, echograms) supplemented by sample control (grabs and cores). Four acoustic
units have been defined and informally named: ( 1) Baffin Shelf Drift - unstratified diamictons generally < 100 m thick but up to 300 m off Hudson Strait, which were deposited {rom grounded glacial ice, and which reach to the shelf edge in some areas; these sediments record repeated
advances of glacial ice, of varied extent, of early Late Foxe and older age; (2) Davis Strait Silt - sediments generally < 10 m but up to 70 m thick, which are stratified where unscoured by grounding icebergs (subunit A) and acoustically unstratified where scoured by grounding icebergs
(subunit B); these sediments record deposition {rom mid-Foxe to Holocene time and contain microfossil evidence of ice-proximal to ice­distal glacial marine environments; (3) Tiniktartuq Silt and Clay - stratified basin-fill sediments up to 10 m thick which directly overlie the stratified sediments
of Davis Strait Silt subunit A; these sediments indicate a change in depositional style in the late Foxe to Holocene; (4) Resolution lsland Lag - subangular gravels and sands which occur in areas that appear largely devoid of caver to the limit of acoustic resolution (30-50 cm), and which may
include areas of exposed bedrock; these sediments record current winnowing of areas of thin to discontinuous Baffin Shelf Drift or Davis Strait Silt. There is no evidence for a transgressive zone marking a relative sea level lowstand in the depths represented by the data (mainly > 150 m).
The immediate seabed of the southeast Baffin Shelf has been subjected to modification by currents in the Holocene, resulting in the formation of an extensive surface veneer which overlies the sediments of the acoustic units in thicknesses < 30-50 cm.
Geology and Resource Potential of a Proposed National Park, Bylot Island and Northwest Baffin Island, Northwest Territories
Authors: Jackson G D , Sangster D F
Published: February 2014

An Archean-Aphebian felsic to intermediate gneiss complex, metamorphosed to amphiboli te and granulite grade, underlies most of the area. Remnants of the late Archean Mary River Croup in the complex contain iron formation and mafic to ultramafic rocks. Six
kilometres of Neohelikian strata, deposited in the Borden Rift Basin (aulacogen), nonconformably overlie the basement complex. Plateau basalts, low in the sequence, contain traces of copper. Gypsum, numerous lead-zinc deposits (including the Nanisivik mine), small hematite bodies, and traces of
copper and bitumen occur chiefly in the middle platform carbonate sequence. Northwesterly- to northerly-trending diabase dykes are most abundant in the Neohelikian strata. One kilometre of early Paleozoic strata and 3 km of Cretaceous-Eocene strata overlie older rocks unconformably. Coal lenses
occur in the lower Cretaceous-Eocene strata. Faulting accompanied Neohelikian, Paleozoic and Cretaceous-Eocene sedimentation. Twenty-seven of the 51 minerai and hydrocarbon deposits found in the study area are lead-zinc. Ten are iron, five are coal, four are copper and three are gypsum. Aphebian to
recent block faulting probably involved some listric faults. The resultant horsts and grabens are the basis for dividing the area into five domains. Each domain is underlain chiefly by one of the four major rock units (Archean-Aphebian basement, Neohelikian, early Paleozoic, Cretaceous-Eocene)
which, in effect, are metallogenic time-rock packages. The likelihood of new mineral and hydrocarbon deposits in each domain was assessed. There is little chance for petroleum and natural gas accumulations, although several favourable structures occur offshore. The likelihood of additional coal in
Domain 2 is moderately high. Domain 3 has a high to very high potential for more lead-zinc and gypsum occurrences. The potential for additional deposits of iron, nickel and sedimentary copper in any of the domains ranges from moderately high to very low.
Terrain inventory of the Kananaskis Lakes map area, Alberta
Authors: Jackson L E
Published: February 2014

The physical properties of the surficial deposits of that part of the Kananaskis Lakes map area within Alberta, and physical processes that shape these deposits vary with the geological and geomorphologic setting in which they are found. Till and glaciolacustrine
sediments in the Front Ranges have low plasticity indices due to their stony texture and large content of nonclay minerals in their clay size fractions. Many of the deposits in the Front Ranges are subject to rapid geomorphic processes of erosion and sedimentation, such as snow and rock avalanches,
landslides, and debris flows. Tills of the Prairies and easternmost Foothills are Jess stony, are richer in clay, and have higher plasticity indices than those in the Front Ranges. Clay minerals in deposits of the Front Ranges are primarily illite, chlorite, and kaolinite; those in the easternmost
Foothills and Prairies are interstratified montmorillonite and illite, chlorite, and kaolinite. Geomorphic processes acting upon deposits within this area are slow and noncatastrophic, except for flooding along streams. The Foothills belt proper is characterized by deposits and geomorphic processes
intermediate and transitional between the Front Ranges and easternmost Foothills-Prairies. Surveys of existing foundation engineering data on surficial deposits are presented.
Precambrian geology of the Double Mer-Lake Melville region, Labrador
Authors: Erdmer P
Published: February 2014

Mapping at 1:100 000 scale of the northeastern Grenville Pro­vince revealed the presence of the following major rock units: two polydeformed gneiss terranes of overall granitic and grano­dioritic composition respectively underlie more than 75% of the area;
they include bodies of amphiboli1e and mafic dioritic gneiss as well as small amounts of aluminosilica1e-bearing rocks. 801h gneiss 1erranes are crosscut by separate suites of granite, quartz monzonite and anorrhosi1e plutons. Post-orogenic conglomerate derived from the surrounding rocks occupies a
large area near the centre of the region. Major sm1c1ures include large folds of distinct character in each gneiss terrane, a southeas1-dipping thrust fault marked by a wide mylonile zone separating the gneiss terranes, and a post- orogenic graben centred on Lake Melville. Metamorphic minerais
define upper amphibofite and granulite facies assem­blages. Uranium mineralization at three localities in the granitic gneiss terra ne is concentrated in pegmatite or diatexite of wide­spread regional occurrence. The gneiss terranes appear to be polyorogenic, Paleohelikian or older
tectonostratigraphic assemblages intruded by major plutons between about 1680 and 1400 Ma. Most of the geological infrastructure appears to have been in place be fore the Gren­villian Orogeny, which was a dominantly thermal event either with less development of ductile strain than during earlier
events or with strongly inhomogeneous strain. Northwesterly thrusting along large ductile shear zones assembled the gneiss terranes into their present configuration. Post-Grenvillian northwesterly extension caused the development of the Lake Melville graben in which strata of coarse detrital rocks
reach thicknesses of several kilometres.
Potassium - Argon Ages of Mainly Intrusive Rocks in the Saint Elias Mountains, Yukon and British Columbia
Authors: Dodds C J , Campbell R B
Published: February 2014

One hundred and two new K-Ar age determinations, largely from granitoid rocks, are reported from the Saint Elias Mountains of southwest Yukon, northwest British Columbia, and closely adjacent parts of Alaska. Six new K-Ar dates are also presented for rocks in the
northern part of the Coast Plutonic Camplex. New and previously published K-Ar age data from the Saint Elias Mountains aid in defining at least six plutonic episodes in this region: latest Pennsylvanian to Early Permian (270-290 Ma); Late Jurassic to earliest Cretaceous (130-160 Ma); late Early
Cretaceous (106-117 Ma); Eocene (41-52 Ma); Oligocene (23-33 Ma); and mid- to Late-Miocene (6-16 Ma) time. Ali can be correlated with plutons or plutonic belts previously outlined in adjoining Alaska. ln the Saint Elias Mountains the plutonic episodes, except for the fast two, are apparently
confined to certain terranes, whereas equivalent plutons or plutonic belts in Alaska mostly are not. These six distinct episodes of mainly calc-alkaline plutonism in structurally camplex Saint Elias Mountains and in contiguous Alaska, may be, but are not necessarily, related to periods of plate
convergence and subduction.
Géologie glaciaire et géochronologie postglaciaire dans la région limitrophe de la Gaspésie et du bas-Saint-Laurent, Québec
Authors: Prichonnet G
Published: February 2014

The study area covers nearly 2,500km2 south of the St.Lawrence River. It is a rugged region, Mount Saint-Pierre in the Notre-Dame Mountains reaching approximately 900m. The folded and faulted basement extends from the Cambrian to the Devonian. The object of the
work was to identify local glacial and postglacial events and to situate them in the context of the glaciation and deglaciation of the Appalachians during the Wisconsinan and early Holocene.
Fourteen new 14C dates are presented: the oldest places the invasion of the Goldthwait Sea at around 13,400 B.P., while a number of datings suggest general afforestation beginning at 8,400 B.P. Glacial dispersal shadows (6,500 debris items counted) indicate dominant transportation of indicator rocks
southward as the Laurentide Ice Sheet flowed south-southwest and south-southeast. During deglaciation, ice masses became isolated in major depressions and flowed radially. As a result, erratics were carried toward the northern sector. The distribution of amphibolites from the Appalachians and the
Precambrian Shield indicates the succession of glacial movements. Of the seven metals analyzed in some 200 clayey matrix samples of glacial diamictons, nickel and chromium give useful concentrations for an understanding of ice-flow directions.
The bulletin describes a general model for late glacial ice masses which persisted during deglaciation in a number of Appalachian sectors, between the tip of the Gaspé Peninsula and the Vermont highlands; some of these local glaciers were particularly active in or around the study
area.