bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indirect Prediction of Welding Fume Diffusion inside a Room Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Dahal Sujit , Kim Taehyeung , Ahn Kwangseog
Published: May 2016

Welding is an important and widely used process in the manufacturing and maintenance of various works involving metals and alloys. While welding has broad applications, the welding fume generated during the process has impacts on workers’ health, which needs to be addressed. One of the major steps that can be undertaken to take care of this issue is the use of ventilation, which requires knowledge of characteristics and dispersion of the welding fume in the workers’ breathing zone. It is difficult to assess welding fume dispersion from manual measurement due to numerous welding processes and sufficient data requirement. Numerical prediction of welding fume is dubious due to several errors. This paper considers the use of numerically predicted CO2 concentrations to indirectly predict welding fume distribution in workshops. This is based on the assumption that if the particles are sufficiently small size, they follow the diffusion pattern of gases. Experiments are carried out in a room with an opening and a welding fume generation system for measurement of CO2 and fume diffusion. The results show high possibility of predicting welding fume concentration based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulated CO2 concentration with a correlation coefficient of 0.74.
Preparation of Cross-Linked Glucoamylase Aggregates Immobilization by Using Dextrin and Xanthan Gum as Protecting Agents
Authors: Li Xiao-Dong , Wu Jia , Jia Dong-Chen , Wan Yong-Hu , Yang Na , Qiao Min
Published: May 2016

In this paper glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger was immobilized by using a modified version of cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEA). The co-aggregates were cross-linked with glutaraldehyde; meanwhile dextrin and xanthan gum as protecting agents were added, which provides high affinity with the enzyme molecules. The immobilized glucoamylase was stable over a broad range of pH (3.0–8.0) and temperature (55–75 °C); dependence shows more catalytic activity than a free enzyme. The thermostability, kinetic behavior, and first-order inactivation rate constant (ki) were investigated. The two types of protector made the immobilized glucoamylase more robust than the free form. Both of the immobilized enzymes have excellent recyclability, retaining over 45% of the relative activity after 24 runs. In addition, immobilized enzymes reduced only 40% of the initial activity after three months by the storability measure, indicating high activity.
The Overall Survival, Complication-Free Survival, and Related Complications of Combined Tooth-Implant Fixed Partial Dentures: A Literature Review
Authors: Borg Peter , Puryer James , McNally Lisa , O’Sullivan Dominic
Published: May 2016

This paper reviews the literature regarding possible complications, complication-free survival, and overall survival of fixed dental prostheses that use both implants and natural teeth as abutments. The paper also provides clinical guidelines for treatment based on this literature review. An electronic search utilizing the MEDLINE, BIOSIS Citation Index, and Web of Science™ Core Collection databases was undertaken, and a review of the 25 selected texts studying 22 different patient cohorts was carried out. From a total of 1610 implants reviewed, 40 were lost (33 due to loss of integration and 7 due to fracture), whereas, out of a total of 1301 teeth, 38 were lost, of which 16 were due to fracture. Seventy-three cases of tooth intrusion were detected. From a total of 676 frameworks reviewed (metal n = 645, Zirconia n = 31), 7 fractured, while veneer material fracture occurred in 70 out of 672 bridges. Overall, 502 out of 531 tooth-implant fixed prostheses (TIPFs) remained functional, and 336 out of 439 prostheses showed no technical or biological complications and remained functional. Rigid TIFPs permanently cemented to teeth with sufficient coronal structure and with limited use of prosthetic attachments offer a good long-term treatment option to patients with good oral hygiene following sound implant placement. This mode of treatment should be used when free-standing implant-supported options may not be possible. Larger randomized control studies and other clinical studies comparing tooth-to-implant-connected treatment with other forms of treatment are needed to better understand the place of TIFP treatment in oral rehabilitation.
Fatigue of Dental Implants: Facts and Fallacies
Authors: Shemtov-Yona Keren , Rittel Daniel
Published: May 2016

Dental implants experience rare yet problematic mechanical failures such as fracture that are caused, most often, by (time-dependent) metal fatigue. This paper surveys basic evidence about fatigue failure, its identification and the implant’s fatigue performance during service. We first discuss the concept of dental implant fatigue, starting with a review of basic concepts related to this failure mechanism. The identification of fatigue failures using scanning electron microscopy follows, to show that this stage is fairly well defined. We reiterate that fatigue failure is related to the implant design and its surface condition, together with the widely varying service conditions. The latter are shown to vary to an extent that precludes devising average or representative conditions. The statistical nature of the fatigue test results is emphasized throughout the survey to illustrate the complexity in evaluating the fatigue behavior of dental implants from a design perspective. Today’s fatigue testing of dental implants is limited to ISO 14801 standard requirements, which ensures certification but does not provide any insight for design purposes due to its limited requirements. We introduce and discuss the random spectrum loading procedure as an alternative to evaluate the implant’s performance under more realistic conditions. The concept is illustrated by random fatigue testing in 0.9% saline solution.
A Computational Analysis of Functionally Graded Anode in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell by Involving the Correlations of Microstructural Parameters
Authors: Wang Chao
Published: May 2016

Functionally-graded electrodes (FGEs) have shown great potential in improving solid oxide fuel cells’ (SOFCs) performance. In order to produce predictions of real FGE operations, a comprehensive numerical model that takes into account all the microstructure parameters, together with two sub model correlations, i.e., porosity-tortuosity, and porosity-particle size ratio, is utilized, aiming to provide a novel approach to demonstrate the advantages of FGEs for SOFCs. Porosity grading and particle size grading are explored by using this implemented model as a baseline. Multiple types of grading cases are tested in order to study the FGEs at a micro-scale level. Comparison between the FGEs and conventional non-graded electrodes (uniform random composites) is conducted to investigate the potential of FGEs for SOFCs. This study essentially focuses on presenting a new perspective to examine the real-world FGEs performance by involving the correlations of physically connected micro-structural parameters.
Volatile Composition of Essential Oils from Different Aromatic Herbs Grown in Mediterranean Regions of Spain
Authors: El-Zaeddi Hussein , Martínez-Tomé Juan , Calín-Sánchez Ángel , Burló Francisco , Carbonell-Barrachina Ángel
Published: May 2016

Volatile composition of essential oils from dill, parsley, coriander, and mint were investigated at different harvest dates to determine the most suitable harvest time for each these herbs. Hydrodistillation (HD), using a Deryng system, was used for isolating the essential oils. Isolation and identification of the volatile compounds were performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) instrument. The results of gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) analysis (quantification) showed that the main components in the essential oil of dill shoots were α-phellandrene, dill ether, and β-phellandrene, and the optimal harvest date was D2 (second harvest, fourth week of February 2015). For parsley shoots, the main compounds were 1,3,8-p-menthatriene, β-phellandrene, and P1 (first harvest, third week of November 2014) was the sample with the highest essential oil. For coriander, the main compounds were E-2-dodecenal, dodecanal, and octane and the highest contents were found at C2 (second harvest, 5 February 2015); while, the main two components of mint essential oil were carvone and limonene, and the highest contents were found at M1 (first harvest, second week of December 2014). The present study was the first one reporting data on descriptive sensory analysis of aromatic herbs at this optimal harvest date according to the content of volatile compounds of their essential oils.
Who Benefits from Chronic Opioid Therapy? Rethinking the Question of Opioid Misuse Risk
Authors: Huber Elizabeth , Robinson Richard , Noe Carl , Van Ness Olivia
Published: May 2016

Beginning in the late 1990s, a movement began within the pain management field focused upon the underutilization of opioids, thought to be a potentially safe and effective class of pain medication. Concern for addiction and misuse were present at the start of this shift within pain medicine, and an emphasis was placed on developing reliable and valid methods and measures of identifying those at risk for opioid misuse. Since that time, the evidence for the safety and effectiveness of chronic opioid therapy (COT) has not been established. Rather, the harmful, dose-dependent deleterious effects have become clearer, including addiction, increased risk of injuries, respiratory depression, opioid induced hyperalgesia, and death. Still, many individuals on low doses of opioids for long periods of time appear to have good pain control and retain social and occupational functioning. Therefore, we propose that the question, “Who is at risk of opioid misuse?” should evolve to, “Who may benefit from COT?” in light of the current evidence.
Response to the Svingen Comments on Li et al. Effects of in Utero Exposure to Dicyclohexyl Phthalate on Rat Fetal Leydig Cells. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 2016, 13, 246
Authors: Li Xiaoheng , Chen Xiaomin , Hu Guoxin , Li Linxi , Su Huina , Wang Yiyan , Chen Dongxin , Zhu Qiqi , Li Chao , Li Junwei , Wang Mingcang , Lian Qingquan , Ge Ren-Shan
Published: May 2016

Referring to the comments of Svingen [1] on our latest publication about Effects of in utero Exposure to Dicyclohexyl Phthalate on Rat Fetal Leydig Cells [2], we would like to give some comments.[...]
Coastline Zones Identification and 3D Coastal Mapping Using UAV Spatial Data
Authors: Papakonstantinou Apostolos , Topouzelis Konstantinos , Pavlogeorgatos Gerasimos
Published: May 2016

Spatial data acquisition is a critical process for the identification of the coastline and coastal zones for scientists involved in the study of coastal morphology. The availability of very high-resolution digital surface models (DSMs) and orthophoto maps is of increasing interest to all scientists, especially those monitoring small variations in the earth’s surface, such as coastline morphology. In this article, we present a methodology to acquire and process high resolution data for coastal zones acquired by a vertical take off and landing (VTOL) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) attached to a small commercial camera. The proposed methodology integrated computer vision algorithms for 3D representation with image processing techniques for analysis. The computer vision algorithms used the structure from motion (SfM) approach while the image processing techniques used the geographic object-based image analysis (GEOBIA) with fuzzy classification. The SfM pipeline was used to construct the DSMs and orthophotos with a measurement precision in the order of centimeters. Consequently, GEOBIA was used to create objects by grouping pixels that had the same spectral characteristics together and extracting statistical features from them. The objects produced were classified by fuzzy classification using the statistical features as input. The classification output classes included beach composition (sand, rubble, and rocks) and sub-surface classes (seagrass, sand, algae, and rocks). The methodology was applied to two case studies of coastal areas with different compositions: a sandy beach with a large face and a rubble beach with a small face. Both are threatened by beach erosion and have been degraded by the action of sea storms. Results show that the coastline, which is the low limit of the swash zone, was detected successfully by both the 3D representations and the image classifications. Furthermore, several traces representing previous sea states were successfully recognized in the case of the sandy beach, while the erosion and beach crests were detected in the case of the rubble beach. The achieved level of detail of the 3D representations revealed new beach characteristics, including erosion crests, berm zones, and sand dunes. In conclusion, the UAV SfM workflow provides information in a spatial resolution that permits the study of coastal changes with confidence and provides accurate 3D visualizations of the beach zones, even for areas with complex topography. The overall results show that the presented methodology is a robust tool for the classification, 3D visualization, and mapping of coastal morphology.
Cardiac Stem Cell Secretome Protects Cardiomyocytes from Hypoxic Injury Partly via Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1-Dependent Mechanism
Authors: Park Chi-Yeon , Choi Seung-Cheol , Kim Jong-Ho , Choi Ji-Hyun , Joo Hyung , Hong Soon , Lim Do-Sun
Published: May 2016

Cardiac stem cells (CSCs) were known to secrete diverse paracrine factors leading to functional improvement and beneficial left ventricular remodeling via activation of the endogenous pro-survival signaling pathway. However, little is known about the paracrine factors secreted by CSCs and their roles in cardiomyocyte survival during hypoxic condition mimicking the post-myocardial infarction environment. We established Sca-1+/CD31− human telomerase reverse transcriptase-immortalized CSCs (Sca-1+/CD31− CSCshTERT), evaluated their stem cell properties, and paracrine potential in cardiomyocyte survival during hypoxia-induced injury. Sca-1+/CD31− CSCshTERT sustained proliferation ability even after long-term culture exceeding 100 population doublings, and represented multi-differentiation potential into cardiomyogenic, endothelial, adipogenic, and osteogenic lineages. Dominant factors secreted from Sca-1+/CD31− CSCshTERT were EGF, TGF-β1, IGF-1, IGF-2, MCP-1, HGF R, and IL-6. Among these, MCP-1 was the most predominant factor in Sca-1+/CD31− CSCshTERT conditioned medium (CM). Sca-1+/CD31− CSCshTERT CM increased survival and reduced apoptosis of HL-1 cardiomyocytes during hypoxic injury. MCP-1 silencing in Sca-1+/CD31− CSCshTERT CM resulted in a significant reduction in cardiomyocyte apoptosis. We demonstrated that Sca-1+/CD31− CSCshTERT exhibited long-term proliferation capacity and multi-differentiation potential. Sca-1+/CD31− CSCshTERT CM protected cardiomyocytes from hypoxic injury partly via MCP-1-dependent mechanism. Thus, they are valuable sources for in vitro and in vivo studies in the cardiovascular field.
Cardiac-Restricted Expression of VCP/TER94 RNAi or Disease Alleles Perturbs Drosophila Heart Structure and Impairs Function
Authors: Viswanathan Meera , Blice-Baum Anna , Sang Tzu-Kang , Cammarato Anthony
Published: May 2016

Valosin-containing protein (VCP) is a highly conserved mechanoenzyme that helps maintain protein homeostasis in all cells and serves specialized functions in distinct cell types. In skeletal muscle, it is critical for myofibrillogenesis and atrophy. However, little is known about VCP’s role(s) in the heart. Its functional diversity is determined by differential binding of distinct cofactors/adapters, which is likely disrupted during disease. VCP mutations cause multisystem proteinopathy (MSP), a pleiotropic degenerative disorder that involves inclusion body myopathy. MSP patients display progressive muscle weakness. They also exhibit cardiomyopathy and die from cardiac and respiratory failure, which are consistent with critical myocardial roles for the enzyme. Nonetheless, efficient models to interrogate VCP in cardiac muscle remain underdeveloped and poorly studied. Here, we investigated the significance of VCP and mutant VCP in the Drosophila heart. Cardiac-restricted RNAi-mediated knockdown of TER94, the Drosophila VCP homolog, severely perturbed myofibrillar organization and heart function in adult flies. Furthermore, expression of MSP disease-causing alleles engendered cardiomyopathy in adults and structural defects in embryonic hearts. Drosophila may therefore serve as a valuable model for examining role(s) of VCP in cardiogenesis and for identifying novel heart-specific VCP interactions, which when disrupted via mutation, contribute to or elicit cardiac pathology.
Effects of Warm Laser Peening on Thermal Stability and High Temperature Mechanical Properties of A356 Alloy
Authors: Chen Hansong , Zhou Jianzhong , Sheng Jie , Meng Xiankai , Huang Shu , Xie Xiaojiang
Published: May 2016

To study the effects of warm laser peening (WLP) on the thermal stability and mechanical properties of A356 alloy, the samples were treated by WLP using a Nd:YAG solid-state laser and temperature control device. The residual stress, micro-hardness and microstructures of samples treated by WLP were observed. The result shows that the temperature significantly affects the strengthening effect of laser peening (LP). The residual stress induced by WLP decreases with the increasing temperature. The micro-hardness and dislocation density increase first, and then decrease with the increases of temperature. The grain refinement degree of the samples treated by WLP is much higher than that of LP. In addition, after aging for 100 min at 220 °C, the samples treated by LP and WLP were comparatively investigated in thermal stability. Obviously, the residual compressive stress, micro-hardness and microstructure induced by WLP present a better thermal stability property than that of LP. The residual stress and micro-hardness of WLP samples are obviously improved, and the increasing degrees are 23.31% and 19.70%, respectively. The dislocation density remains at a high level, while the grains are still in fine crystalline state.
Ultraviolet Plasmonic Aluminium Nanoparticles for Highly Efficient Light Incoupling on Silicon Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Yinan , Cai Boyuan , Jia Baohua
Published: May 2016

Plasmonic metal nanoparticles supporting localized surface plasmon resonances have attracted a great deal of interest in boosting the light absorption in solar cells. Among the various plasmonic materials, the aluminium nanoparticles recently have become a rising star due to their unique ultraviolet plasmonic resonances, low cost, earth-abundance and high compatibility with the complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) manufacturing process. Here, we report some key factors that determine the light incoupling of aluminium nanoparticles located on the front side of silicon solar cells. We first numerically study the scattering and absorption properties of the aluminium nanoparticles and the influence of the nanoparticle shape, size, surface coverage and the spacing layer on the light incoupling using the finite difference time domain method. Then, we experimentally integrate 100-nm aluminium nanoparticles on the front side of silicon solar cells with varying silicon nitride thicknesses. This study provides the fundamental insights for designing aluminium nanoparticle-based light trapping on solar cells.
Het spel en de spelers. Actuele literaire vertaalopvattingen in het Nederlandse taalgebied
Authors: Naaijkens Ton
Published: May 2016

In this article the author deals with the difference between translating literature and literary translation, discussing in particular the translation of literary style. He examines to what extent and in which way the translator is visible in his text. The author’s proposal is to start from the translator’s views on translation as apparent from the texts themselves and their context. Measuring the effect of views on translation is crucial, discussed in this article by way of two topical debates in the Dutch-language area. From this discussion it emerges that the choice for a specific translational style is related to the literary objective the translator set himself and to the way in which he tries to realize this objective through stylistic means. His view on the source text compels the translator to make choices, prompted by the situation he works in and by the views on translation that he holds. An attempt to uncover topical views on translation turns out to reveal opposing standpoints mainly. A possible explanation for this may be implicit in the nature of the views on translation themselves.
L’anaphore syntaxiquement lourde dans Oliver Twist ou du possible “jeu” dans la reprise
Authors: Tarif Julie
Published: May 2016

Dit artikel handelt over syntactisch zware anaforen, een terugkerend stijlgegeven in Oliver Twist, en er wordt gekeken naar de gehanteerde vertaalstrategieën in een corpus van vier Franse vertalingen (twee vertalingen uit de negentiende, en twee uit de twintigste eeuw). In deze twee onderdelen wordt er steeds teruggegrepen naar de dubbele betekenis van het Franse woord “ jeu” : het spel van woorden waar de auteur zich mee inlaat, wordt verbonden aan een ander spel waarbij de vertaler zich sommige speelse vrijheden vooroorlooft bij de vertaling van die anaforen. In dit artikel worden de verschillende syntactische strategieën die de vertaler aanwendt om de vertaling van nominale anaforen lichter te maken geanalyseerd, gaande van ingrepen om de vertaling slechts minder zwaar te maken, tot ingrepen waarbij de nominale anaforen volledig worden weggelaten. De strategieën geven blijk van twee verschillende stilistische oriëntaties : een gerichtheid op een vloeiende tekst bij de negentiende eeuwse vertalers en de gerichtheid op een exacte weergave van de brontekst bij de vertalers uit de twintigste eeuw. De vertaalkeuzen staan niet los van de komische functie die genoemde metaforen in Dickens teksten hebben.
Régicide, matricide et souillure chez les Atrides selon Eschyle : considérations nouvelles sur la signification de ἄγος (CH. 155) et de ἅγνισμα (EU. 327-328)
Authors: Ragot Pierre
Published: May 2016

Depuis le milieu du XXe siècle, on s’accorde généralement pour rattacher le substantif neutre ἄγος « souillure » à la famille de ἁγνος « sacré et pur » en admettant que la notion de sacré était, en Grèce comme ailleurs, originellement ambivalente (cf. angl. awe) et que la distinction entre le sacré négatif et le sacré positif résulte d’une réorganisation ultérieure du lexique grec. Le but du présent article est de montrer qu’Eschyle a sans doute conservé le souvenir de l’indistinction primitive entre les deux pôles du sacré à travers la manière dont il emploie ἄγος (Ch. 155) et ἅγνισμά (Eu. 327-328).
Médecine rationnelle et magie : le statut des amulettes et des incantations chez Galien
Authors: Jouanna Jacques
Published: May 2016

Étude chez Galien, un représentant de la médecine rationnelle, disciple d’Hippocrate, de ce qui relève des pratiques de la médecine magique, les incantations et les amulettes : vocabulaire, realia, indications données sur la littérature précédente (Andréas, Archigène, Pamphile, Néchepso) ou sur des thérapeutes contemporains de Galien. Mais l’objet essentiel est de montrer que la position personnelle de Galien sur la magie est beaucoup plus complexe qu’on ne le croit habituellement∞∞ : après avoir polémiqué contre l’emploi des incantations et des amulettes, il a évolué dans le temps, avec l’enrichissement de son expérience, et a même reconnu un statut médical à certaines amulettes. Les textes principaux de Galien qui servent de base sont traduits en appendice (extraits des Médicaments simples, des Médicaments selon les lieux, de la Pratique médicale chez Homère).
Briser les idoles païennes ou les sauvegarder ? Le sort des statues divines de Caesarea (Cherchel, Algérie) à la fin de l’Antiquité
Authors: de Bruyn Gabriel
Published: May 2016

La cité de Caesarea de Maurétanie et ses environs offrent une diversité de sources exceptionnelle pour comprendre le sort qui fut réservé aux statues des dieux païens dans l’Antiquité tardive. Une série de quatre bases de statues qui portent des inscriptions tardives mentionnant leur transfert depuis des lieux sordides, témoignent de l’intérêt que les autorités municipales portaient encore aux statues à la fin du iv e   siècle. Au début du v e   siècle néanmoins, deux Passions consacrées à Salsa de Tipasa et Marciana de Césarée, probablement composées par un même hagiographe habitant la région de Caesarea, diffusent auprès des fidèles un discours de légitimation de la violence individuelle contre les statues païennes, à rebours des positions adoptées par l’Église d’Afrique et la législation impériale. La documentation archéologique, enfin, fournit des témoignages difficiles à analyser de mutilations de statues, dont certaines au moins furent probablement effectuées sous le contrôle des autorités civiles, sous la pression d’une partie de la communauté chrétienne. L’ensemble de ces documents témoignent des débats et des polémiques au centre desquels se sont retrouvées les statues des dieux païens à la fin de l’Antiquité. Ils illustrent le consensus qu’elles pouvaient susciter auprès de certaines élites païennes et chrétiennes, mais aussi les multiples pressions exercées par des chrétiens plus radicaux pour obtenir leur mutilation ou leur disparition.
Baccalaureate Nursing Students' Attitudes of Prejudice: A Qualitative Inquiry
Authors: Dunagan Pamela B. , Kimble Laura P. , Gunby Susan Sweat , Andrews Margaret M.
Published: May 2016

Background:

Attitudes of prejudice in nursing students have the potential to impact patient care and ultimately may contribute to culturally based health disparities. The purpose of this study was to describe attitudes of prejudice reported by baccalaureate nursing students.

Method:

Baccalaureate nursing students were recruited through Web networking and e-mailing. Participants responded to a Web-based survey that contained an open-ended item requesting them to describe a time when they held an attitude of prejudice. Qualitative data were coded and analyzed for themes.

Results:

The majority of participants (
N
= 50) were women (86%) and White (68%). Qualitative data analysis revealed two major themes: Prejudice Against Obese Individuals, and Prejudice Against Someone of Another Race. Many of the participants had insight that prejudice was wrong and they wanted to change.

Conclusion:

Acknowledging prejudice, as an explicit bias, is an important step toward cultural competence. Teaching strategies focused on addressing explicit and implicit bias are warranted. [
J Nurs Educ.
2016;55(6):345–348.]
A Secure Data-Hiding Approach Using Particle Swarm Optimization and Pixel Value Difference
Authors: Halder Tanmoy , Karforma Sunil , Halder Rupali
Published: May 2016

In this chapter a novel data hiding approach by combining Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Pixel Value Difference (PVD) has been proposed. Pixel-Value-Difference (PVD) method of Steganography uses the difference between pixels within an image to hide secret data. The proposed method is a block-based adaptive steganographic approach, which selects M×N block of pixels from cover image and embed secret message within pixels using Pixel-value-difference and LSB substitution method. PSO is used to select most appropriate areas within the image for hiding secret information. Results obtained using the approach show that distortion due to data embedding is negligible. The proposed approach is compared with existing methods in terms of bits per pixel. This method could be applied to hide any digital secret data for secure transfer over internet.
Learning from Unbalanced Stream Data in Non-Stationary Environments Using Logistic Regression Model
Authors: Kulkarni Pallavi Digambarrao , Ade Roshani
Published: May 2016

There are several deep learning approaches that can be applied for analyzing situations in real world problems and inventing their solution in a scientific technique. Supervised data mining methods that predicts instance values, using previously obtained results from already collected data are pretty popular due to their intelligence in machine learning area. Stream data is continuous form of data which can be handled by using incremental learning approach. Stream data learning may face several challenges in real world like concept drift or class imbalance. Concept drift occurs in non-stationary environment where data distribution generation function is dynamic in nature and has no fixed formula to predict the future data distribution nature. Neural network techniques are intelligent enough to improve performance of algorithmic systems that work in such problem domains. This chapter briefly describes how MLP technique is integrated in system so that the system becomes a complete framework for handling unbalanced data with concept drift in the incremental learning strategies.
A Web-Based Collaborative Learning System Using Concept Maps
Authors: Acharya Anal , Sinha Devadatta
Published: May 2016

The growth of communication technologies in the last two decades has led to development of web based learning systems for a variety of applications. The efficiency of such learning systems has often been enhanced by the use of collaboration tools and techniques. This study proposes a method of collaboration for construction of Concept Map of learning among a set of ‘n' learners divided into ‘k' groups using Short Message Services (SMS). This concept map is used as a sequence for construction of learning system. The functional modules of the architecture of this system are derived from the ‘Extended' theory of Meaningful learning proposed by David Ausubel. Two approaches have been used for evaluating this collaborative learning system. Firstly, paired t-test was conducted on student marks before and after collaboration to find the degree of significance between these. Secondly, efficiency of the collaboration process is computed using a set of Collaborative Efficiency Indexes (CEI) derived from a set of proposed metrics.
Optimization of Crime Scene Reconstruction Based on Bloodstain Patterns and Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Samir Kumar , Basu Nabanita
Published: May 2016

Crime scene reconstruction based on circumstantial evidence and bloodstain patterns at the scene is often affected by unwanted expert bias. Using features such as bloodstain pattern, wound analysis, size of bloodstains on objects etc., predictions could be made about the relative position of the victim/s, bystander/s and perpetrator/s. Supervised learning techniques can be used to make predictions related to the murder weapon used. Gender of an individual could also be estimated from the bloody broken plastic footprint of an individual using a suitable dataset and supervised classifier. These intermediate prediction modules are important for development of event segments. The event segments add up towards the development of the events that transpired at the crime scene. An optimal sequence of events that might have transpired at the crime scene could thereby be developed using event timestamp and logical sequencing of similar incidents that had occurred in the past using probability theory.
Perceived religious discrimination as predictor of work engagement, with specific reference to the Rastafari religion
Authors: Van der Walt Freda , Mpholo Thulo S. , Jonck Petronella
Published: May 2016

Although perceived religious discrimination has been studied in the past, much remains unknown about the topic. The focus of this study was the Rastafari religion, because this religious group has up to now been excluded from research studies. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with a sample of 80 employees belonging to the Rastafari religion, chosen from organisations in two provinces in South Africa. The findings emanating from the quantitative research study indicated that, on average, the respondents perceived to be discriminated against. Furthermore, a positive relationship was established between perceived religious discrimination and work engagement. These findings advanced the understanding of perceived religious discrimination, and the impact that it may have on work engagement, particularly with reference to the Rastafari religion.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The article contributes to the interdisciplinary discourse regarding perceived religious discrimination, with specific reference to the Rastafari religion which is a minority religious group in South Africa. Perceived religious discrimination is discussed and investigated in the context of the workplace, and the aim was to establish whether perceived religious discrimination influences work-related attitudes, such as work engagement. Because previous studies have associated perceived discrimination with less job involvement and career satisfaction, fewer career prospects, greater work conflict, lower feelings of power, decreased job prestige, and less organisational citizenship behaviour (Thomas 2008:80), it was expected that perceived religious discrimination would have a negative influence on work engagement. The findings show that religion possibly provides individuals with the necessary personal resources to persevere when faced with religious discrimination, and sustain performance as well as attain success within the context of the workplace.Keywords: perceived religious discrimination; work engagement; Rastafari; discrimination; religious discrimination
El baile en La Botiga de la Balda Registro de los espectáculos representados en base a los datos recopilados en los Libros de cuentas del teatro (1761-1832)
Authors: García Moscardó Verónica
Published: May 2016

El presente artículo parte del trabajo de investigación "Estudio sobre la presencia del baile en la programación teatral de la ciudad de Valencia entre los años 1761 y 1808 partiendo de los datos recopilados de la Hemeroteca Municipal y del Archivo de la Diputación de Valencia, fondos del Hospital General". Dicho trabajo se completa con la investigación desarrollada dentro del Programa de Doctorado en Industrias de la comunicación y culturales, quedando ampliado a con un nuevo período que abarca desde 1808 a 1832 y se centra en los Fondos del Hospital hasta el momento en que cesan las representaciones en La Botiga de la Balda.
El objetivo es realizar una reconstrucción del papel del baile en la vida cultural de Valencia a través de su programación en los espacios de representación. En este sentido, detecta una falta de estudios específicos en el campo de la danza frente al campo del teatro, donde la información es más abundante.
La memòria històrica com a mecanisme cultural de dinamització del món local
Authors: Graupera Gargallo Isabel , Grau Rebollo Jordi
Published: May 2016

A continuació exposem, en el marc de la tesi en curs[1], dos casos d’un parell de municipis de la província de Barcelona que han generat estratègies pròpies per mantenir la seva pròpia dinàmica de recuperació de la memòria històrica local, malgrat les retallades en les subvencions per aquest tipus de projectes produïdes des de l’any 2010. Es tracta de Sant Just Desvern (comarca del Baix Llobregat) i de Premià de Dalt (comarca del Maresme); dues poblacions que, després d’haver estat beneficiàries de les subvencions del Memorial Democràtic per a projectes de Fonts Orals, han continuat tirant endavant el recull, tractament i difusió de testimonis audiovisuals gràcies a la implicació de la xarxa de veïns i del conjunt de la comunitat. Es relacionen les estratègies que es van emprendre en les respectives viles, així com els punts en comú i les diferències que s’han observat.
Casa Bläsiring en Basilea. Suiza
Authors: Buchner Bründler Architekten Estudio
Published: May 2016

La propiedad es el bloque intermedio de un grupo de tres viviendas urbanas de la década de 1870. Los tres edificios conforman el cierre inferior a una hilera abierta de bloques. Los edificios adyacentes están equipados con cinco pisos completos y un nivel ático, agotando el número máximo de plantas permitidas por la normativa de zonificación. El bloque residencial limita con los terrenos públicos de una escuela y una iglesia, Matthäuskirche, que presta al barrio su nombre. El dueño de la propiedad creció en la casa y le gustaría construir un nuevo edificio junto con su familia.
Lo mismo y lo contrario Construcción de una paradoja en el Centro de Visitantes del Parque Nacional Suizo de Valerio Olgiati
Authors: Nieto García José Ángel
Published: May 2016

Construir un acertijo es establecer un extrañamiento a resolver. Su tiempo tiende a ser un tiempo cerrado, acabado, completo. Ahora bien, si el acertijo elude la solución, su valor residirá en la permanencia de la paradoja. Su tiempo será un tiempo abierto, en continua circulación. El Centro de Visitantes de Zernez es un extrañamiento perpetuo: el exterior y el interior son a la vez lo mismo y lo contrario. Lo contrario porque el exterior simétrico y estable no nos hace predecir su laberíntico interior. Lo mismo porque existe una continuidad y una unidad simple y total entre el dentro y el fuera conseguida por la utilización de un único sistema constructivo monolítico e integrador: muros y forjados de hormigón armado blanco. El presente escrito describe cómo con la utilización de este material se pretende la construcción de un extrañamiento radical y auténtico.
Resistencia Legítima frente al conflicto colombiano. Una reflexión teórica a partir de una Comunidad de Paz
Authors: Naucke Philipp , Halbmayer Ernst
Published: May 2016

Este artículo reflexiona sobre las opciones por parte de civiles de resistir pacíficamente en conflictos armados. Los argumentos desarrollados aquí se basan en una investigación de campo en la Comunidad de Paz de San José de Apartadó, Colombia. El marco analítico y teórico por medio del cual se delimita en este artículo la aplicación del término ‘resistencia’, se basa en las consideraciones conceptuales de Hollander y Einwohner (2004) y en el concepto teórico de ‘resistencia legítima’ de O’Brien (1996). Después de un breve análisis del conflicto, describiremos los procesos socio-históricos de la zona de Apartadó, y las experiencias auto-organizativas de sus habitantes, las cuales favorecieron la conformación de esta iniciativa de paz. El análisis de las dimensiones y de los objetivos de la resistencia de la Comunidad de Paz permite reconceptualizar la idea de ‘resistencia legítima’ de O’Brien.
El ‘trabajo de parentesco’ que realizan las familias en Santiago de Chile
Authors: Gonzálvez Torralbo Herminia
Published: May 2016

En este artículo se exponen avances de resultados procedentes de una investigación a partir de la cual se ha profundizado en algunas dimensiones del ‘trabajo de parentesco’ que realizan las familias en Santiago de Chile. El objetivo principal consiste en analizar el trabajo de mantenimiento de los vínculos que realizan sobre todo las mujeres al interior de las familias, y mostrar cómo este trabajo reproduce desigualdades de género al interior de las mismas. A partir de una metodología longitudinal basada en entrevistas semiestructuradas, se concluye que el trabajo de mantenimiento de los vínculos que realizan las mujeres es un trabajo crucial pero que pasa desapercibido por la naturalización de las obligaciones de parentesco en las mujeres de la familia.
The influence of programme differences on crime reduction in opioid maintenance treatment. An analysis of regional patterns in Norway
Authors: Bukten Anne , Skurtveit Svetlana , Gossop Michael , Waal Helge , Stangeland Per , Clausen Thomas
Published: May 2016

Aims: Design: Official national criminal records were cross linked with all patients who started opioid maintenance treatment in Norway from 1997-2003 (n=3221), including patients from four different health regions in Norway; the Eastern region (n=1717), the Southern region (n=751), the Western region (n=586) and the Central-Northern region (n=167). Patients in each region were divided into separate groups according to whether they were retained or not retained in continuous treatment.Findings: During opioid maintenance treatment, patients in all four treatment regions had a considerable reduction in criminal convictions compared to pre-treatment levels. Criminal convictions during treatment were associated with retention in treatment. Among patients in continuous treatment, significant differences were found in levels of criminal convictions among the four treatment regions during treatment. Compared to patients in the Eastern region, patients in the Southern and the Central-Northern region had respectively 44 and 81 percent less criminal convictions during treatment, and patients in the Western region had 60 percent more convictions. For patients not in continuous treatment, no statistically significant differences were found between the four regions during treatment.Conclusions: Differences in criminal convictions during treatment may be related to regional differences in treatment practice within the national OMT system. In all regions, criminal convictions during OMT were higher for patients dropping out of treatment. It is suggested that clinical staff should offer more support to patients at risk of dropping out of treatment.Background: Reduced criminal activity is an important outcome for opioid maintenance treatment (OMT).
Changes in oral health related knowledge, attitudes and behaviours following school based oral health education and atraumatic restorative treatment in rural Tanzania
Authors: Åstrøm Anne Nordrehaug
Published: May 2016

Objectives: The following questions were addressed; to what extent is sugar consumption, tooth brushing, and oral health related attitudes and knowledge subject to change following a combined atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) /oral health education (OHE) program? Are changes in intended sugar avoidance associated with changes in cognitions as specified by the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB)? Are changes in oral health related knowledge associated with changes in attitudes and oral health behaviour?Method: A total of 1306 (follow-up prevalence 73.8%) primary school students in Kilwa, Tanzania completed interviews before and after a combined ART/OHE program. Post intervention at 6 months follow-up assessed changes in oral health related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours. Complete baseline and follow-up interviews were obtained from 221 and 1085 students who received ART/OHE and OHE only at schools, respectively.Results: Improvement was obtained with attitudes towards sugar avoidance, knowledge, and tooth brushing (effect sizes in the range 0.1-0.3). Within individual changes did not differ significantly between students receiving ART/ OHE and OHE only. Change scores of intended sugar avoidance associated in the expected direction with changes in sugar consumption. Attitudes and norms with respect to sugar avoidance deteriorated and improved among subjects who respectively decreased and increased intended sugar avoidance. Tooth brushing increased in students who improved oral knowledge.Conclusion: School based ART/OHE improved pupils’ tooth brushing, knowledge, and attitudes, but had no effect on sugar consumption. This study provided support for the validity of the TPB in predicting changes in intended sugar avoidance and reported sugar intake.
Oral health among 35-year-olds in Oslo, Norway. A summary of time trends 1973-2003
Authors: Skudutyte-Rysstad Rasa , Eriksen Harald M. , Bjertness Espen
Published: May 2016

Background: Oral health conditions have been investigated in 35-year-old Oslo citizens in four cross-sectional, age-specific epidemiological studies performed in 1973, 1984, 1993 and 2003. The main aim of the series of investigations was to monitor changes in oral health, including dental caries and endodontic and periodontal conditions. Data will give clues to what extent the documented improvements in oral health among children and adolescents also have been maintained into adulthood.Methods: Random samples of 200-250 35-year-olds were selected from The Norwegian Bureau of Statistics database and invited to participate. They completed a self administered questionnaire and were examined clinically and radiographically. The attendance rate varied between 64% and 80%.Findings: The results presented are based on time-trend analyses. Caries prevalence, measured as the mean DMFS scores, was high and stable from 1973 (DMFS=68.2) to 1984 (DMFS=66.5), but decreased from 1984 (DMFS=40.9) to 2003 (DMFS=26.1), indicating a 62% reduction in caries and treatment experience. During the whole period, the prevalence of root filled teeth and prevalence of apical periodontitis decreased, but no improvement from 1993 to 2003 could be demonstrated. Assessment of periodontal status showed that the proportion of persons with one or more periodontal pockets ≥6mm decreased from 22% in 1984 to 8% in 2003. The proportion of persons without recorded bone loss increased from 46% in 1973 to 76% in 2003. The oral hygiene improved from 1973 to 1993 with no further improvement during the last decennium.Conclusion: There has been a positive development in oral health among young, urban adults in Norway during the last 30 years.In the present paper, information from the first author’s PhD-thesis (1) is extensively used
Cancer incidence, prevalence and survival in an aging Norwegian population
Authors: Syse Astri , Veenstra Marijke , Aagnes Bjarte , Tretli Steinar
Published: May 2016

Background: Cancer is a disease closely associated with aging. Aging populations will thus lead to a pronounced increase in the absolute number of elderly persons with cancer, resulting in profound public health challenges in the coming decades. Older patients have distinct treatment and care needs, but are nevertheless largely overlooked in studies. We therefore examine cancer incidence, prevalence and survival among older cancer patients to help guide various stakeholders in the acute and more long-term handling of this patient group.Data and methods: >400 000 cancers diagnosed in individuals age 65+ in 1975-2009 were extracted from the Cancer Registry of Norway. Descriptive analyses of incidence and prevalence were undertaken, and survival analysis was used to model survival.Results: The absolute number of elderly (65-79 years) and oldest old (80+ years) patients has more than doubled since 1975, and will continue to grow towards 2030. A more than threefold increase in patients 80+ years has taken place. The largest patients groups comprise colorectal, prostate, lung and breast cancer. For all patients 65 and older, the median survival has increased with 135%. The increase has been most pronounced for the elderly patients. Surgical resection rates decline with increasing patient age. The difference in relative survival is around 8 percentage points at three years (60% vs 52%). It has been constant over time.Conclusion: “Best practice” guidelines for the large and increasing group of older cancer patients remain to be established. The gain in length of lives must be balanced against patients’ quality of life, and considered in a cost-benefit perspective for society at large.