bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship configurations for procuring from social enterprises
Authors: Meqdadi Osama , Johnsen Thomas E. , Pagell Mark
Published: June 2020

Purpose

This paper explores how the procurement function initiates and develops relationships with social enterprises that are intended to induce social impact in the supply networks of for-profit firms.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper utilises an in-depth case study involving a focal company, first-tier supplier, nongovernmental organisation and four social enterprises.

Findings

Tension mitigation that arises between social and commercial logics occurs via individual relationships through building trust, dependency manipulation, monitoring and supplier development activities. Deeper insights are revealed when triadic relationships are viewed within a quadratic relationship configuration that enables better capturing the essence of supply networks.

Research limitations/implications

The paper is based on a single case study, limiting empirical generalisability. Future research could consider multiple case studies to reveal different types of relationship configurations that induce social impact in supply networks.

Practical implications

Societal goals can be met while maintaining supply network economic performance if procurement involves a trusted third party such as a nongovernmental organisation and helps to develop social enterprises as suppliers.

Originality/value

The paper contributes to the sustainable supply chain management literature by reporting on a novel procurement approach for enhancing social sustainability through cooperation with social enterprises. The paper also contributes to supply network theory by demonstrating how exploring quadratic relationships can reveal novel relationship configurations within supply networks.
What influences intention to purchase sustainable products? impact of advertising and materialism
Authors: Mandliya Anshul , Varyani Vartika , Hassan Yusuf , Akhouri Anuja , Pandey Jatin
Published: June 2020

Purpose

The purpose of the present study is to examine the relationship between Social and Environmental Accountability (SEA), Attitude towards Environmental Advertising (AEA), Materialism, and Intention to purchase Environmentally Sustainable Products (IPESP).

Design/methodology/approach

The study sample consists of 205 business students from two B schools in India. Data was collected through the survey method, and the moderated-mediation model was statistically tested using SPSS Process Macro software.

Findings

The findings of the study suggest that the attitude towards social and environmental accountability (SEA) is positively associated with the intention to purchase environmentally sustainable products (IPESP). Moreover, this relationship is mediated and moderated by AEA and materialism, respectively.

Practical implications

The findings of the study reveal that a consumer with low materialism and a positive attitude for both environmental sustainability and environmental advertising has higher chances of purchasing environmentally sustainable products.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the existing literature on sustainability by providing a basis for understanding the moderated-mediation mechanism, which affects the relationship between SEA and IPESP; two key variables that have not been examined in combination.
Designing for learning during collaborative projects online: tools and takeaways
Authors: Sankaranarayanan Sreecharan , Kandimalla Siddharth Reddy , Cao Mengxin , Maronna Ignacio , An Haokang , Bogart Chris , Murray R. Charles , Hilton Michael , Sakr Majd , Penstein Rosé Carolyn
Published: June 2020

Purpose

In response to the evolving COVID-19 pandemic, many universities have transitioned to online instruction. With learning promising to be online, at least in part, for the near future, instructors may be thinking of providing online collaborative learning opportunities to their students who are increasingly isolated from their peers because of social distancing guidelines. This paper aims to provide design recommendations for online collaborative project-based learning exercises based on this research in a software engineering course at the university level.

Design/methodology/approach

Through joint work between learning scientists, course instructors and software engineering practitioners, instructional design best practices of alignment between the context of the learners, the learning objectives, the task and the assessment are actualized in the design of collaborative programming projects for supporting learning. The design, first segments a short real-time collaborative exercise into tasks, each with a problem-solving phase where students participate in collaborative programming, and a reflection phase for reflecting on what they learned in the task. Within these phases, a role-assignment paradigm scaffolds collaboration by assigning groups of four students to four complementary roles that rotate after each task.

Findings

By aligning each task with granular learning objectives, significant pre- to post-test learning from the exercise as well as each task is observed.

Originality/value

The roles used in the paradigm discourage divide-and-conquer tendencies often associated with collaborative projects. By requiring students to discuss conflicting ideas to arrive at a consensus implementation, their ideas are made explicit, thus providing opportunities for clarifying misconceptions through discussion and learning from the collaboration.
Self-regulated learning in online learning environments: strategies for remote learning
Authors: Carter Jr Richard Allen , Rice Mary , Yang Sohyun , Jackson Haidee A.
Published: June 2020

Purpose

Many teachers and students in the USA and various parts of the world are migrating some aspects of education online out of necessity. The purpose of this paper is to identify and describe strategies of the self-regulated learning (SRL) framework for K-12 students learning in online environments to support remote learning with online and digital tools during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

The SRL framework (Zimmerman, 2008) has been used consistently to support students in learning to work independently. This framework highlights three phases: planning, performing and evaluating. Previous research in K-12 online learning has yielded specific strategies that are useful. The paper identified and described the strategies to an audience seeking answers on how to meet the needs of students in online learning environment.

Findings

The main types of strategies that have emerged from previous studies include asking students to consider how they learn online, providing pacing support, monitoring engagement and supporting families.

Originality/value

Although the social crisis of COVID-19 is unique, prior research in online learning may be useful for supporting teacher practice and suggesting future research. Developing SRL skills of students will ensure the effectiveness of online learning that the field of education may ultimately focus on in the future.
Exploring the impact of short-text complexity and structure on its quality in social media
Authors: Al Qundus Jamal , Paschke Adrian , Gupta Shivam , Alzouby Ahmad M. , Yousef Malik
Published: June 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore to which extent the quality of social media short text without extensions can be investigated and what are the predictors, if any, of such short text that lead to trust its content.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper applies a trust model to classify data collections based on metadata into four classes: Very Trusted, Trusted, Untrusted and Very Untrusted. These data are collected from the online communities, Genius and Stack Overflow. In order to evaluate short texts in terms of its trust levels, the authors have conducted two investigations: (1) A natural language processing (NLP) approach to extract relevant features (i.e. Part-of-Speech and various readability indexes). The authors report relatively good performance of the NLP study. (2) A machine learning technique in more precise, a random forest (RF) classifierusing bag-of-words model (BoW).

Findings

The investigation of the RF classifier using BoW shows promising intermediate results (on average 62% accuracy of both online communities) in short-text quality identification that leads to trust.

Practical implications

As social media becomes an increasingly new and attractive source of information, which is mostly provided in the form of short texts, businesses (e.g. in search engines for smart data) can filter content without having to apply complex approaches and continue to deal with information that is considered more trustworthy.

Originality/value

Short-text classifications with regard to a criterion (e.g. quality, readability) are usually extended by an external source or its metadata. This enhancement either changes the original text if it is an additional text from an external source, or it requires text metadata that is not always available. To this end, the originality of this study faces the challenge of investigating the quality of short text (i.e. social media text) without having to extend or modify it using external sources. This modification alters the text and distorts the results of the investigation.
Do fiscal shocks explain bond yield in high- and low-debt economies?
Authors: Apergis Nicholas , Rehman Mobeen Ur , Cooray Arusha
Published: June 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate how the uncertainty associated with fiscal policy, i.e. government expenditure and tax revenues, can affect the interest rates in a group of eleven countries, comprising high- and low-debt countries: Cyprus, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Australia, Canada, Denmark, New Zealand and Norway.

Design/methodology/approach

The empirical analysis makes use of the structural VAR (SVAR) methodological approach, which allows us to decompose the effects of the contribution of shocks generated by each variable, as well as their transmission effects.

Findings

The empirical findings suggest that both demand and supply factors influence interest rates across their frequency spectrum. For the majority of high-debt countries, the course of the yields on their government bonds is driven mainly by supply side factors and not demand (i.e. government expenses or taxes) factors.

Research limitations/implications

Given that the economies of certain (mostly small) countries are affected by economic conditions in large countries, especially when they have large capital flows or trade much with these countries, the future empirical analysis could also consider both domestic and international (control) macroeconomic variables to explain the course of interest rates due to fiscal changes.

Originality/value

The previous literature does not capture the financial crisis period, nor does it take a comparative approach – high debt versus low debt – to investigate the effect of fiscal shocks on interest rates. Thus, we aim to respond to the following questions: (1) How do fiscal shocks affect interest rates in the sample of selected countries? (2) How different is the impact of fiscal shocks on interest rates in high- and low-debt countries?
Optimal fiscal and monetary policy under different fiscal instruments
Authors: Kiarsi Mehrab
Published: June 2020

Purpose

The paper includes characterizing Ramsey policy in a cash-in-advance monetary model, under flexible and sticky prices, and with different fiscal instruments.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper analytically and numerically characterizes the dynamic properties of Ramsey allocations. The author computes dynamics by solving second-order approximations to the Ramsey planner’s policy functions around a non-stochastic Ramsey steady state.

Findings

The Friedman rule is not mainly optimal in a cash-in-advance model with distorting taxes. The Ramsey-optimal policy with both taxes on income and consumption calls for a high inflation rate that is extremely volatile, despite the fact that changing prices is costly.

Practical implications

The optimality of zero nominal interest rate under flexible prices in monetary models is not mainly the case and quite depends on the preferences. The optimality of a zero inflation rate under sticky prices also very much depends on the assumed set of fiscal instruments.

Originality/value

The non-optimality of the Friedman rule under flexible prices is quite new. Moreover, studying the optimal fiscal and monetary policy in a New Keynesian model with a rich set of fiscal instruments is also quite original.
Understanding readiness metrics for the humanitarian operations through literature review
Authors: Apte Aruna
Published: June 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to understand whether an organization knows if it is ready to respond to a disaster and whether it has the capabilities to deliver relief. Our initial motivation was to identify unique resources possessed by the United States Navy (USN) and United States Marine Corps (USMC) due to their unique and critical capabilities for humanitarian operations. The recent frequency of disasters around the world suggests these events will continue to create demand for relief capabilities. For this reason we need to understand readiness metrics not just for USN and USMC but for humanitarian organizations (Hos) in general.

Design/methodology/approach

We survey relevant literature for understanding how HOs define and develop readiness metrics and associated factors. We studied documents including peer-reviewed scholarly articles, government documents, white papers, research papers and Department of Defense (DoD) briefings. We study literature that is significantly written for DoD, one, the vast experience of USN and USMC and two, the lessons learned have been documented. The literature offers substantial information on what readiness means and why it is important. This documented information is critical because it is known to the researchers in humanitarian operations that data is hard to come by.

Findings

The framework for readiness proposed at the end of this article is context the emergency responder probably uses in an informal fashion. The validation of readiness framework, we find exists in the supporting literature we review.

Originality/value

The understanding of readiness metrics for humanitarian operations for the organizations we study may offer insight into other HOs. The insights we gain may not be pivotal or counterintuitive to the conclusions based on commonsense. However, they are supported by the literature review. We formalize the concept based on conclusions of a set of diverse set of researchers and practitioners such as academic scholars, DoD personnel and government officials involved in humanitarian missions, USAID representatives that are repeatedly tasked for being ready, military and government officers from host and foreign countries and many more.
Antecedents of environmental engagement and environmental learning behaviour
Authors: Manoj Mrudula , Ram Das Anjitha , Chandran Arun , Mandal Santanu
Published: June 2020

Purpose

Recent studies have classified ecotourism behaviour into specific components like site-specific ecological, pro-environmental and environmental learning behaviour. However, the role of materialism in generating these types of behaviour is not clearly understood. Materialism might also affect tourists' environmental engagement. Hence, this study embarks on exploring these research gaps.

Design/methodology/approach

All the constructs were operationalized as first-order factors based on extant scales of measurement. After suitable pretesting, the study was able to collect 122 valid responses. The responses were analysed using partial least squares (PLS).

Findings

Results suggest that environmental engagement and environmental learning behaviour have prominent roles as enablers. Furthermore, the importance of materialism is not statistically significant and requires further investigation.

Research limitations/implications

While the study showed that environmental engagement is a crucial precursor for the development of different types of ecotourism behaviour, it also has limitations. First, the study tested the validity of the proposed associations based on the perceptual responses of 122 tourists who are interested in participating in ecotourism. However, this may lack generalizability. Future research can take a common set of tourists or a specific destination and execute a longitudinal analysis to better understand the way ecotourism behaviour has evolved over time at a destination. This would in turn help the local people and tour planners to develop tourism packages and events.

Practical implications

As tourists are interested in environmental learning, they are eventually expected to take care of the destination environment in terms of protecting it in every form. This may include reporting of any environment damaging activity, for example, activities that can enhance environmental pollution, etc.

Social implications

Materialism hinders the environmental conservation spree of tourists, when they indulge more in shopping and leisure trips. Hence, for destination planners it is very important to hold complementary events in addition to the main event to highlight the dire need of involving in ecotourism activities.

Originality/value

The study is of significant contribution for researchers and practitioners as it develops the antecedents and consequences of environmental learning behaviour. Furthermore, this study has implications for managers working for sustainability of tourism destinations.
Beyond COVID-19 supernova. Is another education coming?
Authors: Azorín Cecilia
Published: June 2020

Purpose

This article explores social and educational responses to COVID-19 as seen through the lens of the Spanish education, in which professional capital and community is at the epicenter of the fight against the pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a reflective and forward-thinking piece in which educators are presented as first responders to the crisis. The article is structured in four parts. First, the opportunities and barriers that COVID-19 is encountering in 21st-century education are commented on. Second, there is recognition of the need to be connected more than ever; and the vital role of networks. Third, the article discusses the effort to realize the maxim “not to leave anyone behind.” Fourth, the last section summarizes the key points related to the aspects to which education should devote its efforts in the coming months and years in Spain.

Findings

There is a set of reasons why the Spanish education system is extremely vulnerable to the consequences caused by COVID-19, and these include, among others: the high rates of socioeconomic segregation, of school dropouts and of academic failure; poor culture of networking and collaboration; overcrowded classrooms that hinders quality education; an obsolete curriculum; the consideration of education as a political currency; the need to strengthen bimodal education; and teachers' obligation to update their digital competences.

Originality/value

The article questions whether another education is possible beyond the pandemic and promotes a deep reflection in this particular context for practitioners and policymakers on which topics more attention could be focused during this time of turmoil.
Frontline employee age and customer mistreatment: a meta-analysis
Authors: Okan Mehmet , Elmadag Ayse Banu , İdemen Elif
Published: June 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive meta-analytic examination of the relationship between employee age and customer mistreatment. Drawing on socioemotional selectivity theory and taking the cross-cultural and cross-sectoral differences into account and making the country-level and occupation-level comparisons possible for uncovering when age matters, the role of employee age on decreasing customer mistreatment is examined.

Design/methodology/approach

The data comprises of 103 independent samples collected from 48,067 frontline employees. Random effects individual correction meta-analysis procedure is used to aggregate correlation coefficients and correct them for sampling, measurement and range restriction errors. Meta-regression is used for examining the impact of key moderators.

Findings

Results consistently show that frontline employee exposure to customer mistreatment is decreased with age. Regarding national differences, negative associations are stronger in low power distance countries. Age has more potential to provide high-quality relations with customers in healthcare, banking, compared to call centers and hospitality sectors.

Practical implications

Healthy customer relations with fewer customer mistreatments come with employee age. However, results warn service managers about cultural and industry-related boundary conditions such as power distance and service orientation expectations.

Originality/value

This study is the first meta-analysis on the relationship between two contemporary challenges in organizational frontlines: the aging workforce and customer mistreatment. By conducting comprehensive data collection and analyses, this study concludes that older employees, especially in low power distance cultures, bring wisdom to service environments.
Reflections on the interplay between procedural, relational and socio-political ethics in ethnographic research with West-African women working in prostitution in Brussels
Authors: Samyn Sophie , Adeyinka Sarah , Zemni Sami , Derluyn Ilse
Published: June 2020

Purpose

This study aims to explore and discuss the ethical challenges that the authors encountered in the SWIPSER project, a study about the well-being of West-African women who work in the red-light district in Brussels.

Design/methodology/approach

The study was commissioned by the municipality of Schaerbeek and executed by a Nigerian–Belgian research team. Data were collected using a multi-method qualitative approach, predominantly through ethnographic fieldwork that consisted of detailed observations, informal interviews (with 38 participants), complemented by document analysis and stakeholder interviews.

Findings

The study presents the main ethical dilemmas in four themes: (1) representing diversity, i.e. how do we get access to all members of a migrant community that is inherently hierarchical?; (2) in the margin, i.e. how can we conduct research with undocumented migrants and what do we do when faced with violence and injustice?; (3) attraction and repulsion, i.e. what ethical consequences are involved when working in a multi-ethnic research team?; and (4) unveiling secrets, i.e. which ethical challenges are we faced with when presenting the results of research on vulnerable migrant communities?

Originality/value

This study goes beyond procedural research ethics and highlights the specific relational ethics (related to the relation between research(er) and participant) and the socio-political ethics (related to the relation between the research(er) and the socio-political context) involved in qualitative research with female migrants who work in prostitution.
Industry 4.0, quality management and TQM world. A systematic literature review and a proposed agenda for further research
Authors: Chiarini Andrea
Published: June 2020

Purpose

The main purpose of this paper is to analyse the current literature situation in terms of relationships between Industry 4.0 and quality management and TQM. The author wanted to understand what topics and issues can be considered the most relevant referring to the so-called Quality 4.0, what the literature is missing opening avenues for further research.

Design/methodology/approach

This research employed a systematic literature review. In total, 75 papers from different sources were reviewed using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Findings

Four categories of topics emerged, namely: creating value within the company through quality (big) data, analytics and artificial intelligence; developing Quality 4.0 skills and culture for quality people; customer value co-creation; cyber–physical systems and ERP for quality assurance and control. This paper also tried to understand if there is a definition of Quality 4.0 based on determined methods.

Research limitations/implications

Systematic literature review could have introduced some limitations in terms of the number and reliability of reviewed papers. Probably some interesting papers had been not intentionally missed.

Practical implications

Consultants and managers in developing and implementing their own Quality 4.0 models could use many practical and discussed implications concerning I4.0 technologies and quality management.

Originality/value

This is one of the first papers which employed the systematic literature review for researching Industry 4.0, quality management and TQM relationships.
Unity or Distinction over Political Borders? The Impact of Mainstream Parties in Local Seat Majorities on Refugee reception
Authors: Jutvik Kristoffer
Published: June 2020

This study exploits close elections in Sweden to assess the causal relationship between seat majorities for mainstream political parties and refugee reception policy. The study focuses on the two dominant mainstream political blocs, in a centre‐right and a centre‐left coalition, during three waves of elections from 2002 to 2010. In doing so, the study makes a few contributions to current research: Firstly, besides addressing a current knowledge gap in the focus on mainstream parties and refugee reception policy, this study investigates the impact of seat majorities which potentially have a more influential position compared to individual parties. Secondly, the study relies on an empirical strategy which allows comparison of comparable cases. Lastly, the study focuses on mainstream parties at the local level of government within one institutional context and thus addresses the obstacle of case comparability within cross‐country studies. In conclusion, this study finds that the relationship between the mainstream political blocs and refugee reception policy is of an associative nature. In order to find significant estimates of seat majorities, the win margin for each bloc needs to be substantial. These results indicate that there is a unified political attitude over the mainstream blocs towards refugee reception and that other factors, and not political seat majorities, have contributed to the uneven distribution of refugees among municipalities in Sweden.
State of the Field: The History of Political Thought
Authors: CHARETTE DANIELLE , SKJÖNSBERG MAX
Published: June 2020

This article surveys the state of the field of the history of political thought. The premise of the discipline is that political arguments and ideas have developed historically and thus have theoretical histories that can be located and traced. But, as our survey of the field shows, what counts as ‘context’ is up for debate, and contextual methods have become more sensitive to present‐day concerns. The border between the history of political thought and political theory is increasingly porous. We begin with some of the main claims and criticisms of the ‘Cambridge’ method of political thought, chiefly associated with Quentin Skinner, John Dunn and J. G. A. Pocock. We then consider newer developments, such as the ‘global turn’, which have steered the discipline beyond its traditionally European or male subject matter. While this shift in direction is welcome, we caution against a history that abstracts away from local sites of political contestation. Finally, we stress that (Western) historians moving beyond the West have even more reason to stay conscious of their own linguistic and cultural limitations.
Xerostomia: its prevalence and associations in the adult Australian population
Authors: Jamieson Lisa M , Thomson William Murray
Published: June 2020

Background

Little is known of the occurrence of dry mouth among Australians.

Aim

To describe the prevalence and associations of xerostomia in a nationally representative sample of Australian adults.

Methods

Dentate persons aged 15+ years were asked ‘How often does your mouth feel dry?’ (response options ‘never’, ‘occasionally’, ‘frequently’ or ‘always’). Those responding ‘frequently’ or ‘always’ were classified as xerostomic.

Results

The prevalence of xerostomia was 13.2% (95% CI 12.4, 14.0). It ranged from 9.3% (95% CI 7.9, 10.8) among 15‐to‐34‐year‐old to 26.5% (95% CI 23.3, 30.0) among those aged 75+ years. Prevalence was higher in the lowest income tertiles (24.5%, 95% CI 22.6, 26.5), lowest SEIFA tertiles (15.7%, 95% CI 14.2, 17.3), those who were dentally uninsured (16.6%, 95% CI 15.4, 17.8) and those with unfavourable dental visiting patterns (18.1%, 95% CI 16.2, 20.1).

Conclusions

More than one in ten Australians experience dry mouth. Among older Australians, this estimate is one in four. With an ageing, medicated population that is increasing in size, xerostomia is a condition that needs to be better understood, recognized and managed by both dental and general health practitioners.
Letter: intestinal inflammation, COVID‐19 and gastrointestinal ACE2—exploring RAS inhibitors. Authors’ reply
Authors: Taxonera Carlos , Sagastagoitia Iñigo , Alba Cristina , Mañas Norberto , Olivares David , Rey Enrique
Published: June 2020

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Taxonera et al an Garg et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15804 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15814.
Responsibility amid the social determinants of health
Authors: Schwan Ben
Published: June 2020

It is natural to think that there is a tight connection between whether someone is responsible for some outcome and whether it is appropriate to hold her accountable for that outcome. And this natural thought naturally extends to health: if someone is responsible for her health, then, all else being equal, she is accountable for it. Given this, some have thought that responsibility for health has an important role to play in distributing the benefits and burdens of healthcare. But there is a reason for caution. That health is influenced by social, economic, and environmental factors is a matter of consensus. And some have argued that in light of these social determinants of health, individuals are not typically responsible for their health, rendering inappropriate policies that employ a responsibility‐for‐health criterion. This debate implicates a number of overlapping concepts and questions that are often difficult to pull apart. And I worry that those who maintain that social determinants undermine responsibility for health have latched on to the wrong target. The social determinants of health are relevant to such policies, but, I argue, not by globally undermining responsibility. Rather, social determinants are sometimes responsibility‐undermining, sometimes responsibility‐preserving, and often relevant to whether we should hold individuals accountable for their health regardless of their responsibility. This calls for a more nuanced appraisal of the ways in which the social determinants of health are relevant to such policies. And here I attempt to provide one.
Scientists' warning on invasive alien species
Authors: Pyšek Petr , Hulme Philip E. , Simberloff Dan , Bacher Sven , Blackburn Tim M. , Carlton James T. , Dawson Wayne , Essl Franz , Foxcroft Llewellyn C. , Genovesi Piero , Jeschke Jonathan M. , Kühn Ingolf , Liebhold Andrew M. , Mandrak Nicholas E. , Meyerson Laura A. , Pauchard Aníbal , Pergl Jan , Roy Helen E. , Seebens Hanno , van Kleunen Mark , Vilà Montserrat , Wingfield Michael J. , Richardson David M.
Published: June 2020

Biological invasions are a global consequence of an increasingly connected world and the rise in human population size. The numbers of invasive alien species – the subset of alien species that spread widely in areas where they are not native, affecting the environment or human livelihoods – are increasing. Synergies with other global changes are exacerbating current invasions and facilitating new ones, thereby escalating the extent and impacts of invaders. Invasions have complex and often immense long‐term direct and indirect impacts. In many cases, such impacts become apparent or problematic only when invaders are well established and have large ranges. Invasive alien species break down biogeographic realms, affect native species richness and abundance, increase the risk of native species extinction, affect the genetic composition of native populations, change native animal behaviour, alter phylogenetic diversity across communities, and modify trophic networks. Many invasive alien species also change ecosystem functioning and the delivery of ecosystem services by altering nutrient and contaminant cycling, hydrology, habitat structure, and disturbance regimes. These biodiversity and ecosystem impacts are accelerating and will increase further in the future. Scientific evidence has identified policy strategies to reduce future invasions, but these strategies are often insufficiently implemented. For some nations, notably Australia and New Zealand, biosecurity has become a national priority. There have been long‐term successes, such as eradication of rats and cats on increasingly large islands and biological control of weeds across continental areas. However, in many countries, invasions receive little attention. Improved international cooperation is crucial to reduce the impacts of invasive alien species on biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human livelihoods. Countries can strengthen their biosecurity regulations to implement and enforce more effective management strategies that should also address other global changes that interact with invasions.
Disrupted functional network connectivity predicts cognitive impairment after acute mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Li Fengfang , Lu Liyan , Shang Song'an , Hu Lanyue , Chen Huiyou , Wang Peng , Zhang Hong , Chen Yu‐Chen , Yin Xindao
Published: June 2020

Aims

This study aimed to detect alterations of brain functional connectivity (FC) in acute mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and to estimate the extent to which these FC differences predicted the characteristics of posttraumatic cognitive impairment.

Methods

Resting‐state fMRI data were acquired from acute mTBI patients (n = 50) and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 43). Resting‐state networks (RSNs) were established based on independent component analysis (ICA), and functional network connectivity (FNC) analysis was performed. Subsequently, we analyzed the correlations between FNC abnormalities and cognitive impairment outcomes.

Results

Altered FC within the salience network (SN), sensorimotor network (SMN), default mode network (DMN), executive control network (ECN), visual network (VN), and cerebellum network (CN) was found in the mTBI group relative to the HC group. Moreover, different patterns of altered network interactions were found between the mTBI patients and HCs, including the SN‐CN, VN‐SMN, and ECN‐DMN connections. Correlations between functional disconnection and cognitive impairment measurements in acute mTBI patients were also found.

Conclusion

This study indicated that widespread FNC impairment and altered integration existed in mTBI patients at acute stage, suggesting that FNC disruption as a biomarker may be applied for the early diagnosis and prediction of cognitive impairment in mTBI.
THE MORTALITY COST OF EXPENDITURES
Authors: Broughel James , Viscusi W. Kip
Published: June 2020

This paper updates the mortality cost of expenditures, which has relevance to a broad range of policies, including regulations, wars, and COVID‐19 restrictions. Because changes in income lead to changes in mortality risk, health investments costing more per life saved than a threshold cost‐per‐life‐saved cutoff level are expected to increase mortality risk. This article discusses the mechanisms driving this relationship and provides recent empirical support. The 2019 cost‐per‐life‐saved cutoff level at which expenditures increase mortality risk has a lower bound of $83.1 million and an upper bound of $133.8 million, with a midpoint of $108.5 million. (JEL D61, I18, J17, K32)
Cholangitis lenta: An underdiagnosed lesion associated with severe cholestasis following liver transplantation
Authors: Bonal Mathieu , Mourad Mohamed , Bancel Brigitte , Hervieu Valérie , Lebossé Fanny , Heyer Laurent , Ducerf Christian , Lesurtel Mickaël , Mabrut Jean‐Yves , Mohkam Kayvan
Published: June 2020

Background

Cholangitis lenta (CL) represents a specific histological lesion associated with severe cholestasis and related to sepsis. Despite being well known by pathologists, CL has been poorly studied in liver transplantation (LT).

Methods

We performed a retrospective 12‐year analysis of the incidence, risk factors, and outcome of CL in LT recipients. Biopsy samples performed within 3 months after LT underwent blinded rereading to identify recipients with CL.

Results

Among 587 LT performed, 45 (7.7%) developed CL. Of these, 7 (15.6%) had no signs of clinical sepsis at the time of biopsy, but further investigations revealed positive cultures. Independent factors associated with CL were sepsis at the time of LT (OR = 3.62 [95%CI = 1.63‐8.06]), donor age (OR = 1.05 [1.03‐1.08]), and operative time (OR = 1.23 [95%CI = 1.02‐1.48]). Cholangitis lenta was associated with increased severe morbidity (71.1% vs 33.0%, P < .001), 90‐day mortality (24.4% vs 5.9%, P < .001) and decreased one‐year graft (62.1% vs 89.4%, P < .001) and patient survival (55.6% vs 87.9%, P < .001).

Conclusion

Cholangitis lenta represents a possible lesion associated with cholestasis after LT, which strongly affects its outcome. In the event of an unexplained post‐transplant cholestasis, the diagnosis of CL must be considered, even in the absence of clinically evident sepsis.
Differentiation syndrome during ivosidenib treatment with immunohistochemistry showing isocitrate dehydrogenase R132H mutation
Authors: Tabata Mika M. , Chase Melissa , Kwong Bernice Y. , Novoa Roberto A. , Fernandez‐Pol Sebastian
Published: June 2020

We report a case of differentiation syndrome in a patient receiving the IDH1 inhibitor ivosidenib, with skin biopsy showing isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) R132H‐mutated leukemia cutis. A 72‐year‐old man with IDH1‐mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML), status‐post allogeneic cell transplantation, on ivosidenib for 6 months, was admitted for culture‐negative neutropenic fever, pink and purpuric plaques and patches on the legs, abdomen and back, edema, hypotension, and shortness of breath. Skin biopsy revealed an infiltrate of atypical, immature, myeloperoxidase‐positive mononuclear cells compatible with leukemia cutis or Sweet syndrome. Although dermal edema and interstitial neutrophilic infiltrate with karyorrhexis characteristic of Sweet syndrome were not seen, the atypical cells lacked expression of CD117 and CD34, which were expressed in the original leukemia. Additional immunohistochemical staining of suspected blasts was strongly positive for IDH1 R132H, suggesting a diagnosis of leukemia cutis. As the immunophenotype of blasts in skin infiltrates can significantly differ from the immunophenotype seen in blood and bone marrow, this case shows that mutation‐specific antibodies such as anti‐IDH1 R132H may be useful to help distinguish malignant from non‐malignant infiltrates in the skin. Furthermore, differentiation syndrome may show histopathologic features of leukemia cutis on skin biopsy.
Self‐managing illicit stimulant use: A qualitative study with patients receiving injectable opioid agonist treatment
Authors: Palis Heather , Harrison Scott , MacDonald Scott , Marsh David C. , Schechter Martin T. , Oviedo‐Joekes Eugenia
Published: June 2020

Introduction and Aims

Illicit stimulant use is prevalent among patients receiving injectable opioid agonist treatment (iOAT) and has been associated with early treatment discontinuation and illicit opioid use. Despite these concerns, little is known about the use of illicit stimulants in this population. As such, this study aimed to explore the processes by which patients receiving iOAT engage in the use of illicit stimulants.

Design and Methods

One‐on‐one in‐depth qualitative interviews were conducted. Data collection and analysis followed an iterative approach of coding, searching for meaning, and returning to data collection to saturate categories and explicate relationships between them. Participants were patients receiving iOAT in Vancouver, Canada that reported the use of illicit stimulants (n = 31).

Results

The process of ‘self‐managing illicit stimulant use’ was constructed from the data. This process was made up of three interrelated categories reflecting participants' engagement in illicit stimulant use: (i) distancing from the street environment; (ii) taking control of use; and (iii) mobilising support (clinical and social).

Discussion and Conclusions

For patients with opioid use disorder and concurrent stimulant use disorder, access to iOAT can promote the self‐management of illicit stimulant use. Daily visits to the clinic for opioid agonist treatment present an important opportunity to offer services and supports for patients who use illicit stimulants. Interventions can be guided by patients, recognising them as experts in the management of their stimulant use.
Climate change, distributive justice, and “pre‐institutional” limits on resource appropriation
Authors: Hickey Colin
Published: June 2020

In this paper I argue that individuals are, prior to the existence of just institutions requiring that they do so, bound as a matter of global distributive justice to restrict their use, or share the benefits fairly of any use beyond their entitlements, of the Earth's capacity to absorb greenhouse gases (EAC) to within a specified justifiable range. As part of the search for an adequate account of climate morality, I approach the task by revisiting, and drawing inspiration from, two prominent models from classical political philosophy for thinking about norms (rights, permissions, limits, etc.) regarding “pre‐institutional” appropriation of unowned resources; Locke and Kant, respectively. The basic resources they develop—connected to fundamental norms of equality and rights to self‐preservation and freedom—in order to generate their particular schema for distributive shares prior to the existence of just institutions can be usefully and plausibly connected up with thescarce, valuable, rival, non‐excludable, global, and unowned resourcethat is EAC in order to undergird a picture of individual climate duties in the contemporary world. It is a picture that comes with some fairly radical implications, especially for the well‐off.
Dual‐earner parent couples’ work and care during COVID‐19
Authors: Craig Lyn , Churchill Brendan
Published: June 2020

COVID‐19 and the associated lockdowns meant many working parents were faced with doing paid work and family care at home simultaneously. To investigate how they managed, this article draws a subsample of parents in dual‐earner couples (n = 1536) from a national survey of 2722 Australian men and women conducted during lockdown in May 2020. It asked how much time respondents spent in paid and unpaid labour, including both active and supervisory care, and about their satisfaction with work–family balance and how their partner shared the load. Overall, paid work time was slightly lower and unpaid work time was very much higher during lockdown than before it. These time changes were most for mothers, but gender gaps somewhat narrowed because the relative increase in childcare was higher for fathers. More mothers than fathers were dissatisfied with their work–family balance and partner’s share before COVID‐19. For some the pandemic improved satisfaction levels, but for most they became worse. Again, some gender differences narrowed, mainly because more fathers also felt negatively during lockdown than they had before.
A strange tale
Authors: Saraiva Luiz Alex Silva , Rampazo Adriana Vinholi
Published: June 2020

We are going through such challenging times that dealing with reality is sometimes easier through fiction. Therefore, we tell the tale of a faraway land where poor women — mostly black — who make a living as domestic servants are particularly impacted by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Their abject bodies are part of a form of necropolitics that separates those who must live from those who can die. Their bodies do not matter, as they are perceived as mere working tools. And what sounds like a strange tale is the true reality of millions of women during the pandemic, in a land that is not so far away as it seems.
What professors do in peer review: Interrogating assessment practices in the recruitment of professors in Sweden
Authors: Mählck Paula , Kusterer Hanna Li , Montgomery Henry
Published: June 2020

Sweden is known for its political will to gender equality. Sweden is also a country with a strong tradition of transparency in university recruitments. In this article, the assessment practices in the appointment of full professors in one Swedish university are investigated from an intersectional and postcolonial perspective on gender and place/space. Using a multimethod approach to investigate written evaluations of applicants, recruitment group meeting minutes and interviews with reviewers, the results show that there is great variation in how evaluation criteria are applied and filled with meaning. Moreover, in more than half of the appointment decisions the reviewers disagreed. The interview results show a structural bias operating towards researchers applying from non‐Western university contexts. At an aggregated level, national applicants have 3.88 times greater chance to be proposed for a position and national women applicants are the most likely to be proposed for the position.
Acquired multi‐segment foot kinematics in haemophilic children, adolescents and young adults with or without haemophilic ankle arthropathy
Authors: Lobet Sebastien , Peerlinck Kathelijne , Hermans Cedric , Van Damme An , Staes Filip , Deschamps Kevin
Published: June 2020

Introduction and aim

The ankle joint remains vulnerable in children with haemophilia and is the primary joint affected. The purpose of this study was to dynamically characterize the segmental foot and ankle kinematics of male children, adolescents and young adults with or without ankle arthropathy.

Methods

The barefoot multi‐segment foot kinematics of 70 ankles from 35 haemophilia subjects between 6 and 20 years old were captured with the Rizzoli Multi‐Segment Foot Model. Joint damage of the tibiotalar and subtalar joints was scored using the IPSG‐MRI score. The feet of patients with or without evidence of ankle arthropathy were compared with those of matched typically developing boys via a nonpaired comparison. The differences between the affected and nonaffected sides of patients with unilateral ankle arthropathy were assessed using a paired comparison.

Results

Subjects without arthropathy demonstrated a nonsignificant trend towards a higher frontal plane range of motion (RoM) at the midfoot upon loading response and a lower sagittal plane RoM at the midfoot during midstance. No differences were observed between the affected side group and their matched control group. The affected side of unilaterally affected subjects exhibited a nonsignificant tendency towards a higher frontal plane RoM at the ankle joint upon loading response and terminal stance compared to the healthy side.

Conclusion

Most patients maintained physiological rocker function of the ankle and had no (mal)adaptive motion patterns in the more distal joints of the foot. Therefore, established structural lesions may remain subclinical with respect to moderate functional activities like walking.