bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Trichoderma viride and Botanical Extracts on Alternaria Leaf Spot Disease of Cabbage (Brassica oleraceae var. capitata L.)
Authors: Kumar Pravin , Zacharia Sunil , Kumar Dhiraj , Yadav Anurag , Singh Shubham , Bawane Atul Suresh
Published: December 2024

Cabbage is most important vegetable crop. This vegetable has leaf spot disease from bacteria, fugal and virus. Therefore, the present investigation on “Effect of Trichoderma viride and botanical extracts on alternaria leaf spot disease of cabbage (Brassica oleraceae var. capitata L.)” was carried out in Rabi-2023-24 under field conditions. The effect of treatments were evaluated on different growth parameters, disease intensity (%), yield and cost benefit ratio of cabbage.
The significantly effective in reducing disease intensity (%) was obtained in combine treatment of Trichoderma viride with Neem leaf extract at 45 days after transplanting (17.27 %), 60 days after transplanting (22.66 %) and 75 days after transplanting (27.34 %), with highest C:B ratio (1:2.32) followed by Trichoderma viride with Eucalyptus leaf extract at 45 (17.87 %), 60 days after transplanting (23.31 %) and 75 days after transplanting (28.72 %), with C:B ratio (1:2.13) and least disease intensity was recorded in Trichoderma viride with Garlic bulb extract at 45 days after transplanting (19.54 %), 60 days after transplanting (25.67 %) and 75 days after transplanting (33.64 %), with least C:B ratio (1:1.21) as compared to control at 45 days after transplanting (23.35 %), 60 days after transplanting (31.33 %) and 75 days after transplanting (45.38 %), with lowest C:B ratio (1:0.86).
The treatment of Trichoderma viride with Neem leaf extract resulted in maximum number of leaves at 45 days after transplanting (14.20), 60 days after transplanting (25.47) and 75 days after transplanting (36.27), head diameter (14.20 cm), head weight (0.69 kg) with highest yield (25.45 t/ha) followed by Trichoderma viride with Eucalyptus leaf extract at 45 days after transplanting (13.13), 60 days after transplanting (23.33) and 75 days after transplanting (33.73), head diameter (13.05 cm), head weight (0.65 kg)  with yield (24.03 t/ha) and least number of leaves was recorded in Trichoderma viride with Garlic bulb extract at 45 days after transplanting (8.93), 60 days after transplanting (14.80) and 75 days after transplanting (23.33), head diameter (8.20 cm), head weight (0.49 kg) with least yield (17.99 t/ha) as compared to control at 45 days after transplanting (7.53), 60 days after transplanting (12.00) and 75 days after transplanting (20.73), minimum head diameter (7.05 cm), head weight (0.38 kg)  with lowest yield (14.22 t/ha).
Assessment of Combining Ability for Yield and Yield Contributing Traits in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Sucharitha C. , Sukumar K. , Prakash Om , Prasanna B. Laxmi
Published: December 2024

The current study was carried out with an objective to study Combining ability studies for yield and yield contributing traits in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) to identify superior crosses for commercial cultivation after testing over years band locations. Rice production plays an integral role in the national economy of India and has the maximum share in grain production, accounting for 22% of the world’s rice production. Agricultural Polytechnic, Polasa, Jagtial, during Kharif, 2021 and Rabi, 2021-22. Where, crossing programme was carried out during Kharif, 2021 and evaluation of the crosses was taken up during Rabi, 2021-22. Twenty-four (24) experimental hybrids were developed using eight lines and three testers and randomized block design was utilized for the evaluation studies. The variance due to the crosses, variance due to the parent’s vs crosses were also found highly significant for all the characters. Lines, testers and line x tester effects, the interaction effects (lines x testers) were found to be significant for all the traits studied. This indicates that the material under investigation has adequate variability. The study revealed that the line, CMS 46B and KNM 7787 among the testers were identified as good general combiners for grain yield per plant while, JMS 18A x RNR 21278 were identified as best specific combiners for the trait.
Examining the Influence of the Perceived Parental Involvement on Teachers' Sense of Self-Efficacy, Work Commitment, and Job Satisfaction
Authors: Zagkotas Vasileios , Karolidou Sotiria , Syriou Ioanna
Published: December 2024

Developing strategies for more collaborative models of school-parent relationships is essential for supporting teachers and, ultimately, enhancing student learning outcomes worldwide. The relationship between parents and teachers is crucial in the educational process and can significantly influence teachers' professional identity. This study examined the impact of parental involvement on teachers' professional identity, focusing on self-efficacy, work commitment, and job satisfaction. A quantitative approach was employed using linear data collection and analysis methods. Data were collected through questionnaires from a representative sample of teachers from various schools. Descriptive statistics were used to outline the characteristics of the dataset. In addition, a correlational design measured the relationship between the variables and identified the variables of parental involvement that best predict teachers' self-efficacy, work commitment, and job satisfaction. The results revealed a small negative correlation between parental involvement and self-efficacy. In contrast, communication with parents positively influenced teachers' work commitment. These findings could inform educational policy by fostering collaboration between parents and teachers, thus enhancing the overall educational environment.
Neutrophil activation by Escherichia coli isolates from human intestine: effects of bacterial hydroperoxidase activity and surface hydrophobicity
Authors: Moshkovskaya Mariam , Vakhrusheva Tatyana , Rakitina Daria , Baykova Julia , Panasenko Oleg , Basyreva Lilia , Gusev Sergey , Gusev Alexander , Mikhalchik Elena , Smolina Natalia , Dobretsov Gennadiy , Scherbakov Petr , Parfenov Asfold , Fadeeva Nina , Pobeguts Olga , Govorun Vadim
Published: January 2020

Successful colonization of the intestine requires that bacteria interact with the innate immune system and, in particular, neutrophils. Progression of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is associated with alterations in gut microbiota, and dysbiosis in Crohn’s disease (CD) patients is often associated with an expansion of Escherichia coli. Here, we investigated the ability of such E. coli isolates to avoid neutrophil activation and to utilize reactive oxygen species. Neutrophil activation was detected in vitro in normal human blood via luminol chemiluminescence (CL) induced by reactive oxygen and halogen species generated by neutrophils. No significant difference in neutrophil activation in vitro was detected between isolates from inflamed (23 isolates) vs healthy intestines (5 isolates), with 10‐fold variation within both groups (2.9–61.2 mV). CL activity of isolates from the same patient differed by 1.5–5 times. Twenty‐four isolates from ileal aspirate, biopsy, and feces of seven patients with CD and one patient with no intestine inflammation were tested for extracellular peroxidase and catalase activity and cell surface hydrophobicity. Average values between patients varied from 26 ± 3 to 73 ± 18 µmol·g−1 of air dry weight for peroxidase activity, from 15 ± 2 to 189 ± 56 mmol·g−1 of air dry weight for catalase activity, and from 5 ± 3 to 105 ± 9 a.u. for the hydrophobic probe fluorescence. Extracellular peroxidase activity and hydrophobicity of bacterial cell surface correlated negatively with stimulated neutrophil CL. The ability of some isolates to avoid neutrophil activation and to utilize reactive oxygen species may provide a strategy to survive assault by the innate immune system.
Comparing the effects of generating questions, testing, and restudying on students' long‐term recall in university learning
Authors: Ebersbach Mirjam , Feierabend Maike , Nazari Katharina Barzagar B.
Published: January 2020

We compared the long‐term effects of generating questions by learners with answering questions (i.e., testing) and restudying in the context of a university lecture. In contrast to previous studies, students were not prepared for the learning strategies, learning content was experimentally controlled, and effects on factual and transfer knowledge were examined. Students' overall recall performance after one week profited from generating questions and testing but not from restudying. When analyzing the effects on both knowledge types separately, traditional analyses revealed that only factual knowledge appeared to benefit from testing. However, additional Bayesian analyses suggested that generating questions and testing similarly benefit factual and transfer knowledge compared with restudying. The generation of questions thus seems to be another powerful learning strategy, yielding similar effects as testing on long‐term retention of coherent learning content in educational contexts, and these effects emerge for factual and transfer knowledge.
Conversion of Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Fatigue to Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Fatigue Scores in Two Phase III Baricitinib Rheumatoid Arthritis Trials
Authors: Bingham Clifton O. , Bartlett Susan J. , Kannowski Carol , Sun Luna , DeLozier Amy M. , Cella David
Published: January 2020

Objective

The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Fatigue (FACIT‐F) is validated for measuring fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, 10 of 13 FACIT‐F items are identified as relevant to patients with RA. The Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) uses an item response theory–calibrated T score metric. The PROMIS Fatigue item bank includes the FACIT‐F items, enabling score conversion. The performance of converted PROMIS Fatigue scores has not been evaluated in RA populations or clinical trials. Our objective was to assess the performance of converted PROMIS Fatigue scores in 2 RA clinical trials of baricitinib.

Methods

Crosswalk tables and pattern‐scoring methods converted FACIT‐F scores to PROMIS Fatigue for both the 13‐item FACIT‐F and the 10‐item RA‐optimized FACIT‐F instrument, in 2 RA clinical trials evaluating baricitinib, RA‐BEAM, and RA‐BEACON. RA‐BEAM patients had an inadequate response to methotrexate. RA‐BEACON patients had an inadequate response or intolerance to ≥1 tumor necrosis factor inhibitor. Baricitinib was compared to all treatment arms via analysis of covariance on PROMIS Fatigue score conversions.

Results

Baseline FACIT‐F–derived PROMIS Fatigue scores reflected severe fatigue across treatment groups and were similar using different scoring methods. At week 24 in both studies, baricitinib was associated with clinically meaningful improvements in PROMIS Fatigue scores. PROMIS Fatigue scores were consistent for conversion methods and for the 13‐item or 10‐item FACIT‐F.

Conclusion

All 4 conversion methods showed differentiation of active treatment compared with placebo from week 12, supporting the use of the PROMIS Fatigue and converting the 10‐item FACIT‐F to assess fatigue and demonstrate treatment benefit in RA clinical trials on a standardized metric.
Recent Advances in Nano‐ and Micromotors
Authors: Fernández‐Medina Marina , Ramos‐Docampo Miguel A. , Hovorka Ondrej , Salgueiriño Verónica , Städler Brigitte
Published: January 2020

Nano‐ and micromotors are fascinating objects that can navigate in complex fluidic environments. Their active motion can be triggered by external power sources or they can exhibit self‐propulsion using fuel extracted from their surroundings. The research field is rapidly evolving and has produced nano/micromotors of different geometrical designs, exploiting a variety of mechanisms of locomotion, being capable of achieving remarkable speeds in diverse environments ranging from simple aqueous solutions to complex media including cell cultures or animal tissue. This review aims to provide an overview of the recent developments with focus on predominantly experimental demonstrations of the various motor designs developed in the past 24 months. First, externally driven motors are discussed followed by considering fuel‐driven approaches. Finally, a short future perspective is provided.
Risk factors for prolonged intensive care unit and hospital stay among patients with acute drug overdose in Japan
Authors: Okazaki Yuka , Shimojo Nobutake , Matsuishi Yujiro , Hoshino Haruhiko , Ouchi Akira , Kawano Satoru , Hoshino Tetsuya , Koyama Yasuaki , Enomoto Yuki , Inoue Yoshiaki
Published: January 2020

Aim

Hospital selection for patients with drug overdose (DOD) is a critical issue. In Tokyo, the 50‐tablet rule has been widely utilized by paramedics for triaging patients with DOD given that it shortens the triage time. However, studies have not investigated the utility of such a rule in local cities. The present study aimed to identify prognostic pre‐ and in‐hospital factors among patients with DOD and determine whether the 50‐tablet rule benefits local cities.

Methods

Clinical records of patients with DOD admitted at the University of Tsukuba Hospital (Tsukuba, Japan) between 2013 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed.

Results

A total of 93 patients with DOD were enrolled in this study. Multivariate analysis showed that creatine kinase and C‐reactive protein values and the total number of ingested pills were in‐hospital risk factors that significantly prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay. Moreover, Glasgow Coma Scale score on admission and the total number of ingested pills were identified as significant pre‐hospital risk factors for prolonged ICU and hospital stay. Setting the total number of ingested pills to 50 tablets did not significantly influence ICU and hospital stay.

Conclusion

The total number of ingested pills and creatine kinase and C‐reactive protein values were identified as predictive factors for prolonged ICU and hospital stay in patients with DOD after admission. Moreover, pre‐hospital risk factors included Glasgow Coma Scale score and the total number of ingested pills. However, the 50‐tablet rule was determined to be a poor cut‐off value for patients with DOD. We presented a subset of our findings at the 46th annual meeting of the Japanese Society for Acute Medicine (Yokohama, Japan) on 20 November 2018.
Guanine‐La complex supported onto SBA‐15: A novel efficient heterogeneous mesoporous nanocatalyst for one‐pot, multi‐component Tandem Knoevenagel condensation–Michael addition–cyclization Reactions
Authors: Nikoorazm Mohsen , Khanmoradi Maryam , Mohammadi Masoud
Published: January 2020

In this work, we present a simple, environmentally‐friendly and economical route for the preparation of a novel lanthanum (III) organometallic complex immobilized onto a highly stable mesoporous silica SBA‐15 (La‐guanine@SBA‐15) using an inexpensive and simple method and available materials. This mesoporous heterogenized complex was comprehensively characterized using FT‐IR, XRD, EDS, ICP, MAP, SEM, TGA and BET techniques. The catalytic activity of this mesoporous material was studied in one‐pot multi‐component tandem Knoevenagel condensation–Michael addition–cyclization reactions in order to prepare a series of benzo [a] pyrano [2, 3‐c] phenazine and 4,4′‐(arylmethylene)‐bis‐(3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐5‐ols) derivatives under green conditions. This catalyst exhibited highly recoverable and recyclable features in consecutive reaction runs. Besides, the products were obtained in high yields and short reaction times. In this sense, simple preparation of the catalyst from the commercially available materials, simple operation, high catalytic activity, short reaction times, high yields and the use of green reaction conditions in the mentioned organic synthesis are the most significant advantages of this protocol. In addition, this nanocatalyst was easily recovered, using simple filtration, and reused several times without significant loss of its catalytic efficiency. Moreover, the leaching, heterogeneity and stability of La‐guanine@SBA‐15 were studied by hot filtration test and ICP technique. Finally, stability of the catalyst after recycling was confirmed by SEM and FT‐IR techniques.
Film reaction kinetics for melt postpolycondensation of poly(ethylene terephthalate)
Authors: Chen Shichang , Chen Song , Guang Shanshan , Zhang Xianming , Chen Wenxing
Published: January 2020

Melt polycondensation has recently been reported to prepare high‐viscosity poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), the reaction efficiency is greatly improved in over 10‐folds compared with conventional solid state polycondensation (SSP). Melt postpolycondensation of common PET chips was conducted in specified film thickness to obtain industrial PET. Based on the investigation of reaction conditions, film reaction kinetics were determined in the principle of end groups analysis. It was positively regulated that the intrinsic viscosity of PET could be achieved in condition of high vacuum, thin melt film and proper temperature, degradation reaction would be increased at exorbitant temperature. An apparent reaction kinetic model was proposed and was verified by experiments. Results indicated the activation energy of melt postpolycondensation of PET was 88.22 kJ/mol and the reaction rate constant was significant higher than that of solid state polycondensation.
Highly durable macromolecular epoxy resin as anticorrosive coating material for carbon steel in 3% NaCl: Computational supported experimental studies
Authors: Dagdag Omar , Berisha Avni , Safi Zaki , Dagdag Saïd , Berrani Majda , Jodeh Shehdeh , Verma Chandrabhan , Ebenso Eno E. , Wazzan Nuha , El Harfi Ahmed
Published: January 2020

The purpose of present study is in the direction of development of an anticorrosive coating formulation of high durability for carbon steel corrosion in 3 wt% NaCl medium. The formulation comprises of a macromolecular epoxy coating (DGEDDS‐MDA) based bisphenol S diglycidyl ether (DGEDDS) cured with a methylene dianiline (MDA). The formulation was characterized by FT‐IR spectroscopy method. Performance of the epoxy coating was represented using PDP and EIS approaches. The formulation acts as effective anticorrosive coating for long durability (180 days). Surfaces of the specimens before and after 180 days exposure to UV radiation were examined using SEM. PDP, SEM, and EIS studies showed that DGEDDS‐MDA acted as highly durable and effective anticorrosive formulation. Results also showed that the formulation acts as interface type inhibitor and its presence enhances the polarization resistance (Rp) value. DFT study suggests that the formulation DGEDDS‐MDA possesses strong ability to interact with metal surface through its several electron rich centers. MD and MC simulations showed that studied formulation effectively adsorb on the substrate (metallic surface). Results of EIS, PDP, and SEM studies (experimental) were well‐supported by DFT, MD, and MC (computational) simulations.
A practical guide to the stereological assessment of glomerular number, size, and cellular composition
Authors: Sutherland Megan R. , Vojisavljevic Danica , Black Mary Jane
Published: January 2020

The evaluation of a range of measures in the kidneys, such as developmental stage, rate and success, injury, and disease processes, relies on obtaining information on the three‐dimensional structure of the renal corpuscles, and in particular the glomerular capillary tufts. To do this in the most accurate, comprehensive, and unbiased manner depends on a knowledge of stereological methods. In this article, we provide a practical guide for researchers on how to quantitate a number of structures in the kidneys, including the estimation of total glomerular number, glomerular capillary length and filtration surface area, and the cellular composition of individual glomeruli. Guidance is also provided on how to apply these methods to kidneys at different sizes and levels of maturity.
Identification of Cartilage Microbial DNA Signatures and Associations With Knee and Hip Osteoarthritis
Authors: Dunn Christopher M. , Velasco Cassandra , Rivas Alexander , Andrews Madison , Garman Cassandra , Jacob Paul B. , Jeffries Matlock A.
Published: January 2020

Objective

Alterations of the gut microbiota have been implicated in many forms of arthritis, but an examination of cartilage microbial patterns has not been performed. This study was undertaken to characterize the microbial DNA profile of articular cartilage and determine changes associated with osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods

We performed 16S ribosomal RNA gene deep sequencing on eroded and intact cartilage samples from knee OA patients (n = 21 eroded and 21 intact samples) and hip OA patients (n = 34 eroded and 33 intact samples) and cadaver controls (n = 10 knee samples and 10 hip samples). Microbial DNA diversity was assessed, groups were compared, and metagenomic profiles were reconstructed. Confirmation was performed in an independent cohort by clade‐specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Findings in human cartilage were compared to those in cartilage from OA‐susceptible C57BL/6 (B6) mice and OA‐resistant MRL/MpJ (MRL) mice. Germ‐free B6 mouse cartilage was analyzed as a methodologic control.

Results

Alpha diversity was reduced in human OA versus control samples (P < 0.0001), and in hip versus knee samples (P < 0.0001). Numerous clades were different in human OA versus control samples, and similar findings were noted in comparisons of murine B6 versus MRL mice. Hip samples were microbiologically distinct from knee samples. OA microbial DNA demonstrated increased gram‐negative constituents (P = 0.02). Functional analysis demonstrated increases in lipopolysaccharide production (P = 9.9 × 10−3), phosphatidylinositol signaling (P = 4.2 × 10−4), and nitrogen metabolism (P = 8 × 10−3) and decreases in sphingolipid metabolism (P = 7.7 × 10−4) associated with OA.

Conclusion

Our study reveals a microbial DNA signature in human and mouse cartilage. Alterations in this signature, including increases in gram‐negative constituents, occur during the development and progression of human OA. Furthermore, our findings indicate that strain‐specific signatures exist within mouse cartilage that mirror human patterns. Further study of the establishment and potential pathogenic role of these DNA signatures is needed.
Evaluating the effect of parent reading interventions on improving reading fluency of students with reading difficulties
Authors: Doǧanay Bilgi Arzu
Published: January 2020

The current study examines the effect of parent reading interventions on the reading fluency of students with reading disabilities. The experimental procedure was carried out in two stages. In the first stage, the Brief Experimental Analysis procedure was followed to determine the most effective reading fluency intervention for all participants, and in the next step, the parental delivery of the selected intervention procedure took place. Brief experimental analysis was used to identify appropriate reading fluency intervention for each participant. Parents were trained to use the intervention strategies with their children. They implemented the procedures during parent‐tutoring sessions at home and results were measured continuously to determine whether generalization occurred. Parent and child satisfaction with the interventions was assessed. Results demonstrated generalized increases in reading fluency in both high‐word‐overlap and low‐word‐overlap passages as a function of parent tutoring. Also, acceptability ratings by children and their parents indicated that they viewed the interventions as acceptable and effective.
One‐year clinical results of the NANO registry: A multicenter, prospective all‐comers registry study in patients receiving implantation of a polymer‐free sirolimus‐eluting stent
Authors: Liu Yi , Zhang Yaojun , Li Yue , Qi Tianjun , Pan Defeng , Wang Haichang , Liu Changhui , Ma Dengfeng , Fang Zhenfei , Zhang Ruining , Mou Fangjun , Tao Ling ,   On Behalf of the NANO All‐Comers Registry Investigators
Published: January 2020

Objectives

We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Nano+™ (Lepu Medical, Beijing, China) stent implantation in all‐comer patients at the 1‐year follow‐up.

Background

The Nano+™ stent is a novel polymer‐free sirolimus‐eluting stent polymer that employs nanoporous stent surface technology to control drug‐delivery. The Nano+™ stent is one of the most widely used drug‐eluting stent (DES) in China.

Methods

A total of 2,481 consecutive patients were included in the multicenter and prospective NANO registry. In this study, the primary endpoint was target lesion failure (TLF) at 1‐year follow‐up, defined as a composite of cardiac death, target vessel nonfatal myocardial infarction (TV‐MI), and clinically driven target lesion revascularization (TLR). The safety endpoint was the occurrence of definite or probable stent thrombosis (ST).

Results

Up to 40.2% of patients presented with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). A total of 63.9% of the 2,904 lesions were American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) type B2 or C lesions. One‐year follow‐up data were available for 98.4% of patients. The 1‐year rate of TLF was 3.1% with rates of 1.3, 1.8, and 0.4% for clinically driven TLR, cardiac death, and TV‐MI, respectively. ST occurred in 0.4% of patients. Diabetes mellitus, AMI, left ventricular ejection fraction <40% and long lesions (>40 mm) were independent predictors of 1‐year TLF.

Conclusions

The 1‐year clinical outcomes were excellent for Nano+™ polymer‐free SES implantation in an all‐comer patient population. Follow‐up will be extended up to 5 years, to further elucidate the potential long‐term clinical benefits.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL:https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/. Unique identifier: NCT02929030.
ABC‐type diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma presenting as rotator cuff tendinopathy: A diagnostic dilemma and review of the literature
Authors: Beutler Bryce David , Krishan Rohee , Parafianowicz Pawel , Ulanja Mark B. , Elliott Christie , France Joel , Islam Raheel , Gullapalli Nageshwara
Published: January 2020

Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma often presents with extranodal manifestations involving the musculoskeletal system. Shoulder pain is particularly worrisome for malignancy. Individuals presenting with refractory upper extremity complaints should undergo a prompt and thorough evaluation for cancer, as a delay in diagnosis can result in an unfavorable outcome.
Structure and Quantification of Edge Sites of WS2/Al2O3 Catalysts Coupling IR/CO Spectroscopy and DFT Calculations
Authors: Zavala‐Sanchez Luz , Khalil Ibrahim , Oliviero Laetitia , Paul Jean‐François , Maugé Françoise
Published: January 2020

IR spectroscopy of CO adsorption (IR/CO) and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations on sulfide W/Al2O3 catalyst were investigated for an insight into the sulfide edge sites. Parallel between experimental and theoretical results allow to assign the ν(CO) bands at 2121 and 2066 cm−1 to CO adsorption on M‐ and S‐edge sites of WS2 phase, respectively. Through a careful analysis of CO spectra on well‐selected W catalysts, the molar attenuation coefficients for CO adsorbed on the two exposed edges could be determined. This allowed the morphology of WS2 slabs to be calculated. This work shows that increasing the W loading (6–20 wt% W) changes the slab morphology from an almost pure triangle exhibiting mostly M‐edge to a truncated triangle. On W as well as on Mo sulfide catalysts, IR spectroscopy and DFT calculation show that CO adsorption allows to account for M‐ and S‐edge sites, and thus of the morphology of sulfide slabs. It was shown that increasing the W loading shifts the slab morphology from a triangle exposing predominantly M‐edge towards a more hexagonal shape. For close to monolayer coverage of alumina, Mo and W sulfide slabs present similar shape i. e. truncated triangle. However, edge sites of WS2 slabs clearly exhibit greater stability under H2 atmosphere than Mo sulfided ones.
Oriented Isomorphous Substitution: An Efficient and Alternative Route to Fabricate the Zn Rich Phase Pure (Cu1−x,Znx)2(OH)2CO3 Precursor Catalyst for Methanol Synthesis
Authors: Zheng Huayan , Narkhede Nilesh , Zhang Huacheng , Li Zhong
Published: January 2020

A new methodology has been demonstrated for the synthesis of a series of phase pure (Cu1−x,Znx)2(OH)2CO3 precursors by isomorphous substitution of Zn2+ in the malachite structure. By following the present protocol, it was possible to synthesize the pure phase (Cu1−x,Znx)2(OH)2CO3 with substitution level as high as x=0.5, which is better than the maximum possible value achieved by coprecipitation method, i. e. x=0.31. The isomorphous substitution by Zn2+ leads to the change in the morphology of malachite crystals from flake‐like to regular needle‐like shape with high Zn dispersion. The activity of the calcined catalysts was increased by ∼1.5–1.7 fold for the hydrogenation of syngas to methanol as compared with those prepared from the traditional coprecipitation route. The synergy between Cu and ZnO was further demonstrated quantitatively by characterization of the catalysts treated with syngas at 250 °C.
Entwicklung des Katalysatorbetts in einem Flachbettreaktor zur CO2‐Methanisierung
Authors: Ghaib Karim
Published: January 2020

Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt einen Entwicklungsschritt eines neuartigen Flachbettreaktors zur CO2‐Methanisierung sowie eine CFD‐basierte Methode, die zur Entwicklung und Optimierung von Reaktoren angewendet werden kann, vor. Der Entwicklungsschritt umfasst die Konstruktion des Katalysatorbetts im Flachbettreaktor, in das ein reiner stöchiometrischer Feed zugeführt wird. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass ein hoher CO2‐Umsatz (92,9 %) und ein kleiner Temperaturanstieg im Katalysatorbett (12,4 °C) mit einer Anordnung des Katalysatorbetts erzielt werden können. Der Wärmefluss erreicht 1924 W m−2 im Hotspot‐Bereich.
Alles rund?
Authors: Kromberg Daniel
Published: January 2020

Ein effizientes Verfahren zur Graphitverrundung haben Netzsch Feinmahltechnik und Dorfner Anzaplan entwickelt. Es soll die Nachteile des bislang häufig eingesetzten Verfahrens, das mit mehr als 20 in Reihe geschalteten Sichtermühlen arbeitete, überwinden.
Risikoanalyse in Chemie‐Anlagen
Authors: Kirchner Robert
Published: January 2020

Laut Störfall‐Verordnung (12. BImSchV) müssen Betreiber von Chemie‐Anlagen alle fünf Jahre die Risiken ihrer verarbeitenden Prozesse identifizieren und gegebenenfalls Schutzmaßnahmen ergreifen. Die Verfahrens‐ und Umwelttechnik Kirchner (VUT Kirchner) hat dafür den Process Safety Quick Check (PSQC) entwickelt.
Künstliche Intelligenz auf dem Vormarsch
Authors: Schäfer Petra
Published: January 2020

Ein Pilotprojekt hat Covestro neue Erkenntnisse für die vorausschauende, intelligente Wartung von Anlagen geliefert und wird am Produktionsstandort Caojing in China fortgesetzt. Auch das globale Projekt zur Digitalisierung und Integration der Systemlandschaft in der Produktion, kurz „Optimized System Integration“ (OSI2020), geht in die nächste Projektphase.
Wenn Fehler nicht zufällig, sondern systematisch sind
Authors: Semmler Rainer , Eberle Christian
Published: January 2020

Absperrklappen, überdruckventile oder Berstscheiben – für die funktionale Sicherheit mechanischer Schutzeinrichtungen werden Eignungsnachweise benötigt. Ausfallwahrscheinlichkeiten berechnen wie bei elektronischen Systemen ist nicht zielführend. TüV Süd informiert Planer, Konstrukteure, Hersteller und Betreiber über eine verbreitete Fehlannahme und den normkonformen Weg.
Gefahr erkannt, noch lange nicht gebannt
Authors: Grimshaw James
Published: January 2020

Wie Explosionen durch statische Aufladung in einer brennbaren oder entzündlichen Atmosphäre beim Befüllen oder Entleeren der FIBCs vermieden werden können, beschreibt James Grimshaw, Marketing Manager bei Newson Gale, in diesem Beitrag.
Prüfungen flexibilisieren
Authors: Vormoor Michaela
Published: January 2020

Prüfungen von PLT‐Sicherheitseinrichtungen sind notwendig, um deren Funktionstüchtigkeit sicherzustellen. Die Heartbeat Technology kann dabei unterstützen, die wiederkehrenden Prüfungen zu flexibilisieren.
Die richtige Info zur richtigen Zeit
Authors: Endulat Michael
Published: January 2020

Mit iConn hat Gardner Denver eine cloudbasierte Plattform entwickelt, die den Blick auf bzw. in den Kompressor und seine Leistungsdaten ermöglicht; virtuell vom Rechner oder vom iPad aus.
A Synthetic Strategy for the Structural Modification of Photoactivatable BODIPY‐Oxazine Dyads
Authors: Thapaliya Ek Raj , Mazza Mercedes M. A. , Cusido Janet , Baker James D. , Raymo Françisco M.
Published: January 2020

Strategies to regulate the ability of photoactivatable fluorophores to absorb activating photons are essential to allow their operation under illumination conditions compatible with biological samples. In this context, our laboratories identified a viable synthetic protocol to introduce a conjugated substituent on the photocleavable component of a BODIPY‐oxazine dyad and enhance its molar absorption coefficient at the activation wavelength. This structural transformation translates into a four‐fold absorbance increase in the spectral window appropriate for photoactivation and does not prevent the photochemical transformation. Indeed, the photoinduced cleavage of the oxazine component occurs in organic solvents, aqueous solutions and hydrogel matrices with a concomitant bathochromic shift in BODIPY emission. These results demonstrate that the photophysical properties of this family of BODIPY‐oxazine dyads can be manipulated with the aid of chemical synthesis without suppressing their photochemical behavior.
Metal–Nitrogen–Carbon Electrocatalysts for CO2 Reduction towards Syngas Generation
Authors: Delafontaine Laurent , Asset Tristan , Atanassov Plamen
Published: January 2020

Shifting syngas (an H2/CO mixture) production away from fossil‐fuel‐dependent processes (e.g., steam methane reforming and coal gasification) is mandatory, as syngas is of interest as both a fuel and as a value‐added chemical precursor. With appropriate electrocatalysts, such as silver‐based and metal–nitrogen–carbon (M‐N‐C) materials, the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) allows for the production of CO alongside H2 (from the hydrogen evolution reaction), and thus leads to syngas generation. In this Minireview, the application of M‐N‐C electrocatalysts for syngas generation is discussed. The mechanisms leading to different faradaic selectivities for CO are reviewed as a function of the nature of the metal, by using both computational and experimental approaches. The role played by the metal‐free moieties in the M‐N‐C electrocatalysts is underlined. Since M‐N‐C electrocatalysts only recently entered the CO2RR field (as opposed to Cu‐, Ag‐, or Au‐based nanostructures), they have been mainly characterized in static liquid environments, in which the reaction rate is significantly hampered by CO2‐dissolution/diffusion limitations. Therefore, the design of CO2RR electrolyzers for M‐N‐C electrocatalysts is addressed, and designs such as zero‐gap electrolyzers with anionic membranes and humidified CO2 gas feed at the cathode are highlighted.
A method for rejecting 3k‐th harmonics in bandpass 6N‐path filters
Authors: Hazrati Amin , Jalali Ali , Meghdadi Masoud , Babaei Bardia
Published: January 2020

In this paper, a method for 3
‐th (
) harmonics rejection in 6
‐path filters is proposed, and the related analysis is provided. Using a single‐ended‐input to differential‐output structure, the filter selectivity around even harmonics are also suppressed. Accordingly, a proof‐of‐concept band‐pass filter is designed, and postlayout simulations in the 90‐nm CMOS technology are carried out, which covers an input frequency range from 200 MHz to 1.2 GHz with a channel bandwidth of 10 to 15.5 MHz. The achieved third harmonic rejection at 1‐GHz local oscillator (LO) frequency is about 43 dB. Over the entire radio frequency (RF) range, the in‐band IIP3 and noise figure are better than
1.5 dBm and 5.3 dB, respectively. The power consumption of the analog circuitry is 21 mW from the 1.2‐V supply, whereas the digital clock generation circuitry consumes between 0.9 and 5.2 mW, depending on the center frequency of the filter.
Anabolic and lipolytic actions of beta2‐agonists in humans and antidoping challenges
Authors: Hostrup Morten , Jacobson Glenn A. , Jessen Søren , Lemminger Anders Krogh
Published: January 2020

Inhaled beta2‐adrenoceptor agonists (beta2‐agonists) are among the most used substances in competitive sports. The 2020 Prohibited List issued by the World Anti‐Doping Agency restricts use of all selective and non‐selective beta2‐agonists in‐ and out‐ of competition with few exemptions. Formoterol, salbutamol, and salmeterol are allowed by inhalation within defined dosing limits. These restrictions are in place because supratherapeutic use of beta2‐agonist has the potential to be anabolic and to enhance performance, as well as due to potential side effects. Despite substantial documentation that beta2‐agonists exert anabolic and lipolytic actions, these actions are not widely recognized. Furthermore, a common misconception is that the inhaled route does not exert these effects. However, given the high relative systemic bioavailability via the inhaled route, inhalation at high doses can also exert anabolic and lipolytic actions. In this review, we highlight the anabolic and lipolytic actions beta2‐agonists can exert, regardless of the type of beta2‐agonist and the route of administration. The doses needed to provide such effects are also associated with adverse effects and would in most cases be detected in routine doping control. Notwithstanding, the beta2‐agonist regulations are associated with some challenges and given their ability to induce muscle growth and to enhance performance, it is important to continue developing effective detection strategies to prevent potential misuse of beta2‐agonists while allowing treatment of asthmatic subjects without causing adverse side effects or ergogenic actions.
Assessment of agricultural energy consumption of Turkey by MLR and Bayesian optimized SVR and GPR models
Authors: Ceylan Zeynep
Published: January 2020

Agricultural productivity highly depends on the cost of energy required for cultivation. Thus prior knowledge of energy consumption is an important step for energy planning and policy development in agriculture. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the application potential of multiple linear regression (MLR) and machine learning tools such as support vector regression (SVR) and Gaussian process regression (GPR) to forecast the agricultural energy consumption of Turkey. In the development of the models, widespread indicators such as agricultural value‐added, total arable land, gross domestic product share of agriculture, and population data were used as input parameters. Twenty‐eight‐year historical data from 1990 to 2017 were utilized for the training and testing stages of the models. A Bayesian optimization method was applied to improve the prediction capability of SVR and GPR models. The performance of the models was measured by various statistical tools. The results indicated that the Bayesian optimized GPR (BGPR) model with exponential kernel function showed a superior prediction capability over MLR and Bayesian optimized SVR model. The root mean square error, mean absolute deviation, mean absolute percentage error, and coefficient of determination (R2) values for the BGPR model were determined as 0.0022, 0.0005, 0.2041, and 0.9999 in the training phase and 0.0452, 0.0310, 7.7152, and 0.9677 in the testing phase, respectively. As a result, it can be concluded that the proposed BGPR model is an efficient technique and has the potential to predict agricultural energy consumption with high accuracy.
Frying stability of canola oil supplemented with ultrasound‐assisted extraction of Teucrium polium
Authors: Asadi Yegane , Farahmandfar Reza
Published: January 2020

In this study, antioxidant activity and protective effects of Teucrium polium extract in stabilizing of canola oil during frying were tested and compared to synthetic antioxidant, BHA. Total phenolic, α‐tocopherol, flavonoid, and condensed tannin content of Teucrium polium extracted by ethanol ultrasound‐assisted were 60.90 mg/g, 103.66 μg/ml, 4.36 mg/g, and 3.77 mg/g, respectively. Moreover, IC50 of the extract was 924.21 ppm. Canola oil samples containing 200, 600, and 1,000 ppm of the extract were heated at 180˚C for 30 hr and compared with BHA. Progress of oil oxidation was determined by measuring their peroxide value (PV), acid value (AV), iodine value (IV), carbonyl value (CV), color index (CI), conjugated diene value, and total polar compounds (TPC). The results showed that the extract was capable of retarding oil oxidation and deterioration significantly (p < .05) at all concentrations during frying. So, Teucrium polium extract can be used as natural antioxidant to retard oil oxidation.
Late Devonian to early Carboniferous magmatism in the western Songliao–Xilinhot block, Northeast China: Implications for eastward subduction of the Nenjiang oceanic lithosphere
Authors: Ma Yongfei , Liu Yongjiang , Qin Tao , Sun Wei , Zang Yanqing , Zhang Yujin
Published: January 2020

The timing and direction of narrowing and closure of the Nenjiang Ocean (NJO) by plate subduction remain poorly constrained. This paper presents geochemical, isotopic, and geochronological results for Late Devonian to early Carboniferous intrusive rocks in the western Songliao–Xilinhot block to constrain the evolution of subduction in the NJO region. The Late Devonian syenogranites and monzogranites formed at 366–360 Ma and are classified as A‐type granites. The wide range of εHf(t) values (−17.62 to +8.13) and TDM2 ages (789–2,208 Ma) of the syenogranites indicate that the primary magma was derived from partial melting of multiple sources, including both young accreted continental crust and old lower crust rocks. The early Carboniferous granitic mylonites formed at 342 Ma and are I‐type granites. Their high SiO2 and K2O contents, εHf(t) values of +6.61 to +9.86, and young TDM2 ages of 675 to 857 Ma suggest a preexisting juvenile crustal material source region. The early Carboniferous hornblende gabbros formed at 334 Ma and are part of an appinite suite. The gabbros have low silica and high MgO contents, E‐MORB‐like trace element features, εHf(t) values of +1.34 to +8.97, and young TDM1 ages of 595 to 902 Ma, which together suggest a primitive magmatic source including juvenile MORB and/or enriched lithospheric mantle. Magmatism in the western Songliao–Xilinhot block formed a late Palaeozoic magmatic arc stretching along the eastern Hegenshan–Heihe suture. A new model of the evolution of subduction in the NJO region and associated coeval magmatic events is proposed that includes westward subduction of NJO oceanic crust during the Late Devonian at 366–360 Ma, bidirectional subduction during the early Carboniferous at ~342 Ma, and break‐off/delamination of the eastward subducting slab at ~334 Ma.
Cortical electrophysiological evidence for individual‐specific temporal organization of brain functional networks
Authors: Shu Su , Qin Lang , Yin Yayan , Han Meizhen , Cui Wei , Gao Jia‐Hong
Published: January 2020

The human brain has been demonstrated to rapidly and continuously form and dissolve networks on a subsecond timescale, offering effective and essential substrates for cognitive processes. Understanding how the dynamic organization of brain functional networks on a subsecond level varies across individuals is, therefore, of great interest for personalized neuroscience. However, it remains unclear whether features of such rapid network organization are reliably unique and stable in single subjects and, therefore, can be used in characterizing individual networks. Here, we used two sets of 5‐min magnetoencephalography (MEG) resting data from 39 healthy subjects over two consecutive days and modeled the spontaneous brain activity as recurring networks fast shifting between each other in a coordinated manner. MEG cortical maps were obtained through source reconstruction using the beamformer method and subjects' temporal structure of recurring networks was obtained via the Hidden Markov Model. Individual organization of dynamic brain activity was quantified with the features of the network‐switching pattern (i.e., transition probability and mean interval time) and the time‐allocation mode (i.e., fractional occupancy and mean lifetime). Using these features, we were able to identify subjects from the group with significant accuracies (~40% on average in 0.5–48 Hz). Notably, the default mode network displayed a distinguishable pattern, being the least frequently visited network with the longest duration for each visit. Together, we provide initial evidence suggesting that the rapid dynamic temporal organization of brain networks achieved in electrophysiology is intrinsic and subject specific.
Enhancement of visible‐light photocatalytic degradation performance over nitrogen‐deficient g‐C3N4/KNbO3 heterojunction photocatalyst
Authors: Shi Weilong , Shu Keke , Huang Xiliu , Ren Hongji , Li Mingyang , Chen Fangyan , Guo Feng
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND

The formation of heterojunction is an effective mean for increasing the photocatalytic activity of single‐phase semiconductor photocatalyst.

RESULTS

In this report, KNbO3/N‐defected g‐C3N4 (KNO/CNx) composites were prepared by an impregnation heat method. The optimized photocatalyst 3% KNO/CNx possesses excellent photocatalytic activity (100 mL, 10 mg/L; 84% degradation within 120 min) in the degradation of tetracycline (TC) under visible light (λ > 420 nm), and it can reach about 125, 10.71 and 3.75 times the degradation kinetic constants, compared with KNO, CN, and CNx, respectively. Furthermore, 3% KNO/CNx possesses relatively high stability during the entire photoreaction process.

CONCLUSION

This enhanced photocatalytic activity of KNO/CNx is mainly ascribed to the synergistic effect between the heterojunction and defect engineering, which expand the visible‐light adsorption and accelerate the separation efficiency of photo‐induced electron–hole pairs. The research is expected to be used to improve the structure and properties of KNO‐based composites, which provides a possibility for practical application of environmental restoration. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Efficient synthesis and In Silico study of some novel pyrido[2,3‐d][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]pyrimidine derivatives
Authors: Abdelrazek Fathy M. , Gomha Sobhi M. , Abdel‐aziz Hassan M. , Farghaly Mohamed S. , Metz Peter , Abdel‐Shafy Ahmed
Published: January 2020

A novel series of 1,5‐dihydropyrido‐triazolo‐pyrimidine derivatives were prepared by cyclocondensation of 2‐thioxo‐pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidines (prepared from reaction of chalcone with 6‐aminothiouracil) with a variety of hydrazonoyl chlorides. Based on spectroscopic evidence and their chemical syntheses, the structures of the newly prepared compounds were elucidated. Designated compounds are forced for molecular docking by using MOE 2014.010 Package software; one of in silico study tools. Synthesized compounds are targeting Human Cyclin‐defendant Kinase 2 (CK2) PDB ID (1PXO.Protein data bank) due to its important role in controlling the human cell cycle and also for meiosis.