bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anterior STEMI complicating acute aortic syndrome: mechanistic insight and bridge to surgery with intravascular ultrasound-guided primary PCI
Authors: Sen Gautam , Veitch Alice , Nabais Sergio
Published: March 2022

Stanford type A acute aortic syndromes (AAS) can be complicated with acute coronary closure and ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) leading to significant additional morbidity and mortality. The recommended treatment for type A AAS is emergency cardiac surgery. We present the case of a patient with intramural haematoma involving the ascending and descending aorta complicated with anterior wall STEMI after CT imaging. Coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasonography (IVUS) revealed the dissection spiralling into the media of the left main stem (LMS) and left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. In the setting of acute vessel closure and ongoing myocardial ischaemia primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was performed to the LMS, LAD and second diagonal branch prior to successful emergency cardiac surgery with an aortic-arch interposition graft. Emergency IVUS-guided stenting to relieve acute coronary occlusion in the context of aortic dissection can be performed in selected cases to safely bridge the patient for cardiac surgery.
UK recommendations forSDHAgermline genetic testing and surveillance in clinical practice
Authors: Hanson Helen , Durkie Miranda , Lalloo Fiona , Izatt Louise , McVeigh Terri P , Cook Jackie A , Brewer Carole , Drummond James , Butler Samantha , Cranston Treena , Casey Ruth , Tan Tricia , Morganstein Daniel , Eccles Diana M , Tischkowitz Marc , Turnbull Clare , Woodward Emma Roisin , Maher Eamonn R
Published: March 2022

SDHApathogenic germline variants (PGVs) are identified in up to 10% of patients with paraganglioma and phaeochromocytoma and up to 30% with wild-type gastrointestinal stromal tumours. MostSDHAPGV carriers present with an apparently sporadic tumour, but often the pathogenic variant has been inherited from parent who has the variant, but has not developed any clinical features. Studies ofSDHAPGV carriers suggest that lifetime penetrance for SDHA-associated tumours is low, particularly when identified outside the context of a family history. Current recommended surveillance forSDHAPGV carriers follows an intensive protocol. With increasing implementation of tumour and germline large panel and whole-genome sequencing, it is likely moreSDHAPGV carriers will be identified in patients with tumours not strongly associated withSDHA,or outside the context of a strong family history. This creates a complex situation about what to recommend in clinical practice considering low penetrance for tumour development, surveillance burden and patient anxiety. An expertSDHAworking group was formed to discuss and consider this situation. This paper outlines the recommendations from this working group for testing and management ofSDHAPGV carriers in clinical practice.
Assessment of U=U understanding, PrEP awareness, HIV risk behaviours and factors associated with low HIV knowledge among users of Hornet, an online dating application for LGBTQ, in Thailand
Authors: Chinbunchorn Tanat , Thaneerat Natapong , Howell Sean , Sowaprux Teaka , Phiphatkunarnon Panyaphon , Lujintanon Sita , Kaewpoowat Quanhathai , Phanuphak Praphan , Phanuphak Nittaya , Ramautarsing Reshmie A
Published: March 2022

Background

Over 50% of HIV infections in Thailand annually occur among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women who use online applications to meet their sexual partners. We conducted a cross-sectional study assessing undetectable=untransmittable (U=U) understanding, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) awareness, sexual behaviours and factors associated with HIV knowledge among users of Hornet in Thailand.

Methods

From November 2019 to January 2020, a survey was conducted using convenience sampling on Hornet in Thailand. HIV literacy was assessed via 22 questions, and multivariable linear regression was performed.

Results

960 responses were assessed; median age was 34 years, the majority were MSM (80.4%), Thai (83.8%), had at least bachelor’s degree (74.9%). Regarding the risk profiles, 39.1% reported inconsistent condom use, 15.0% used amphetamine-type stimulants, 56.9% had not taken PrEP in the last six months and 20.5% never had an HIV test. Only 22.8% thought that U=U was completely accurate. Lower HIV knowledge was associated with being from Africa (β −8.13, 95% CI −14.39 to –1.87), age of 25 years or younger (β −2.6, 95% CI −4.37 to –0.82), education less than bachelor’s degree (β −2.58, 95% CI −3.98 to –1.19), having more than one sexual partners (β −2.41, 95% CI −4.13 to –0.69), paying three or more people to have intercourse (β −2.5, 95% CI −4.26 to –0.74), not knowing one’s HIV status (β −3.56, 95% CI −5.45 to –1.68) and not answering about previous PrEP use (β −4.11, 95% CI −7.86 to –0.36). Higher HIV knowledge was associated with being from Europe (β 2.54, 95% CI 0.46 to 4.61), the Americas (β 3.37, 95% CI 0.44 to 6.30) and previous PrEP use (β 2.37, 95% CI 0.94 to 3.81).

Conclusion

Among Hornet users in Thailand, the U=U message was unclear, and PrEP use was suboptimal. Large HIV knowledge gaps and high-risk behaviours were concerning. Educational campaigns in online spaces are needed to promote awareness and HIV prevention strategies.
Heat tolerance and the validity of occupational heat exposure limits in women during moderate-intensity work
Authors: Notley Sean R. , Akerman Ashley P. , Friesen Brian J. , Poirier Martin P. , McCourt Emma , Flouris Andreas D. , Kenny Glen P.
Published: March 2022

To mitigate excessive rises in core temperature (>1 °C) in non-heat acclimatized workers, the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) provides heat stress limits (Action Limit Values; ALV), defined by the wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) and a worker’s metabolic rate. However, since these limits are based on data from men, their suitability for women remains unclear. We therefore assessed core temperature and heart rate in men ( n = 19; body surface area-to-mass ratio: 250 (SD 17) cm2/kg) and women ( n = 15; body surface area-to-mass ratio: 268 (SD 24) cm2/kg) aged 18–45 years during 180 min of walking at a moderate metabolic rate (200 W/m2) in WBGTs below (16 and 24 °C) and above (28 and 32 °C) ACGIH ALV. Sex did not significantly influence (i) rises in core temperature, irrespective of WBGT, (ii) the proportion of participants with rises in core temperature >1 °C in environments below ACGIH limits, and (iii) work duration before rises in core temperature exceeded 1 °C or volitional termination in environments above ACGIH limits. Although further studies are needed, these findings indicate that for the purpose of mitigating rises in core temperature exceeding recommended limits (>1 °C), ACGIH guidelines have comparable effectiveness in non-heat acclimatized men and women during moderate-intensity work.

Novelty:

Sex did not appreciably influence thermal strain nor the proportion of participants with core temperatures exceeding recommended limits. Sex did not significantly influence tolerance to uncompensable heat stress. Despite originating from data obtained in only men, current occupational heat stress guidance offered comparable effectiveness in men and women.
Hypersensitive response-like cell death and its key related genes in thelmdlesion mimic mutant of birch
Authors: Li Ranhong , Ning Xiaomeng , Liu Dan , Chen Xin
Published: March 2022

Lesion mimic mutants (LMMs) often display hypersensitive response-like (HR-like) cell death and enhanced resistance to pathogens. LMMs have been viewed as useful for the study of the mechanism of cell death and plant immunity. To date, few LMMs have been found in woody plants. We previously identified an LMM termed lmd, which showed spontaneous cell death in birch. In the current study, we investigated lmd, oe21 (transgenic control), and NT (nontransgenic control), focusing on cell death and gene expression profile of lmd. We found that cell death in the lmd occurred gradually during leaf development. The number of necrotic spots increased as the leaf developed, with no significant change in spot size. Subcellular observations showed degradation of both mitochondria and chloroplasts in lmd cells but not in NT and oe21 cells. Autophagosomes were visible in dying cells of lmd. We then performed RNA-seq of the four most apical leaves of lmd and oe21 to explore the gene expression profile during cell death. Genes that were functional in signal perception, respiratory burst, signal transduction, and defense were enriched. TGA1,  WRKY33,  WRKY40,  Chitinase,  FLS2,  RbohA/D, and SBT were identified as key genes involved in cell death in lmd.
Design study of a nonlinear electromagnetic converter using magnetic spring
Authors: Naifar Slim , Bradai Sonia , Kanoun Olfa
Published: March 2022

In this paper, an experimental and theoretical study for designing a nonlinear electromagnetic converter-based magnetic spring is performed. The governing equation of the converter is investigated. A special focus is given to the magnetic force acting on the moving magnet in dependence of its volume and the geometry of the two fixed magnets, i.e., disc or ring. For the developed analytical and numerical model, the same converter volume has been used for all conducted investigations. Several parameters have been studied that can be used to tune the nonlinearity behavior. Further, the coil axial position was investigated analytically and experimentally. An energy harvesting prototype consisting of an oscillating cylindrical magnet levitated between two stationary magnets is fabricated and evaluated through experiments. The open-circuit voltage obtained through the analytical model has been compared to the experiment and solutions to tune the harvester resonant frequency while maintaining its output power density were proposed.
On inequalities between unknotting numbers and crossing numbers of spatial embeddings of trivializable graphs and handlebody-knots
Authors: Akimoto Yuta
Published: March 2022

We study relations between the unknotting number and the crossing number of a spatial embedding of a handcuff-graph and a theta curve. It is well known that for any non-trivial knot [Formula: see text] twice the unknotting number of [Formula: see text] is less than or equal to the crossing number of [Formula: see text] minus one. We show that this is extended to handlebody-knots. We also characterize the handlebody-knots which satisfy the equality.
Technological Implication of the Digital Twin Approach on the Intelligent Education System
Authors: She Minghong , Xiao Min , Zhao Yongchi
Published: March 2022

The new area of education has progressively become where virtual reality interacts and integrates. The influence of credit management in the learning process is improved by digital twin technology. The next study paradigms of learning space will be the reconstruction of smart learning spaces based on digital twins. Hence, this paper, Digital Twin Approach (DTA), has been proposed to reconstruct the learning area and encourage the education revolution and a new learning community. In real-time manual interaction, the simulated twin will imitate diverse scenarios and create situations through AI decision-making and automatic twin implementation. The use of digital twin technology offers a new technology integration and development path to smart-university management in the investigation of the construction of smart university facilities. Thus, the experimental results show that the DTA technology can motivate students to study and boost learning when effectively utilized.
Nonstandard and fractal electrodynamics in Finsler–Randers space
Authors: El-Nabulsi Rami Ahmad , Golmankhaneh Alireza Khalili
Published: March 2022

In this study, we have analyzed the Finsler–Randers manifolds starting from nonstandard Lagrangians formalism which is considered as an emergent phenomenon in the theory of the calculus of variations. These special forms of Lagrangians are motivating since they have explicit dependence on special function. We have proved that their associated usual geodesics on Finsler–Randers manifold are characterized by a quadratic damping and we have established its importance in classical electrodynamics. Moreover, we show that this construction can be extended for the case of fractal electrodynamics in Finsler–Randers manifolds.
On primary pseudo-polynomials (around Ruzsa’s conjecture)
Authors: Delaygue É. , Rivoal T.
Published: March 2022

Every polynomial [Formula: see text] satisfies the congruences [Formula: see text] for all integers [Formula: see text]. An integer valued sequence [Formula: see text] is called a pseudo-polynomial when it satisfies these congruences. Hall characterized pseudo-polynomials and proved that they are not necessarily polynomials. A long-standing conjecture of Ruzsa says that a pseudo-polynomial [Formula: see text] is a polynomial as soon as [Formula: see text]. Under this growth assumption, Perelli and Zannier proved that the generating series [Formula: see text] is a [Formula: see text]-function. A primary pseudo-polynomial is an integer valued sequence [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] for all integers [Formula: see text] and all prime numbers [Formula: see text]. The same conjecture has been formulated for them, which implies Ruzsa’s, and this paper revolves around this conjecture. We obtain a Hall type characterization of primary pseudo-polynomials. We give a new proof and generalize a result due to Zannier that any primary pseudo-polynomial with an algebraic generating series is a polynomial. We make the Perelli–Zannier Theorem effective and we prove a Pólya type result.
Semantic Similarity of Inverse Morpheme Words Based on Word Embedding
Authors: Zhou Jiaomei , Liu Zhiying
Published: March 2022

Inverse morpheme words are compound words that have the same morphemes but are arranged in the opposite order. The majority of related works on the subject have focused on a narrow investigation of dictionary definitions, with few studies based on large-scale corpora. We used the People’s Daily corpus (1946–2017) to add and delete words from a base list and obtained a word list of 668 pairs of inverse morpheme words. Furthermore, the cosine similarity is computed by using word embedding based on the distributed representation, and the Pearson correlation coefficient between it and the manually annotated value is 0.907, indicating that this method can measure the semantic similarity of inverse morpheme words very close to human judgment. We also discovered that 76% of inverse morpheme words have a cosine similarity of 0.4 or higher and that word formation, part-of-speech, and frequency all have an impact on semantic similarity.
A Case for Precise, Fine-Grained Pointer Synthesis in High-Level Synthesis
Authors: Ramanathan Nadesh , Constantinides George A. , Wickerson John
Published: March 2022

This article combines two practical approaches to improve pointer synthesis within HLS tools. Both approaches focus on inefficiencies in how HLS tools treat thepoints-to graph—a mapping that connects each instruction to the memory locations that it might access at runtime. HLS pointer synthesis first computes the points-to graph via pointer analysis and then implements its connections in hardware, which gives rise to two inefficiencies. First, HLS tools typically favour pointer analysis that is fast, sacrificing precision. Second, they also favour centralising memory connections in hardware for instructions that can point to more than one location.

In this article, we demonstrate that a more precise pointer analysis coupled with decentralised memory connections in hardware can substantially reduce the unnecessary sharing of memory resources. We implement both flow- and context-sensitive pointer analysis and fine-grained memory connections in two modern HLS tools, LegUp and Vitis HLS. An evaluation on three benchmark suites, ranging from non-trivial pointer use to standard HLS benchmarks, indicates that when we improve both precision and granularity of pointer synthesis, on average, we can reduce area and latency by around 42% and 37%, respectively.
ERASE: Energy Efficient Task Mapping and Resource Management for Work Stealing Runtimes
Authors: Chen Jing , Manivannan Madhavan , Abduljabbar Mustafa , Pericàs Miquel
Published: March 2022

Parallel applications often rely on work stealing schedulers in combination with fine-grained tasking to achieve high performance and scalability. However, reducing the total energy consumption in the context of work stealing runtimes is still challenging, particularly when using asymmetric architectures with different types of CPU cores. A common approach for energy savings involves dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) wherein throttling is carried out based on factors like task parallelism, stealing relations, and task criticality. This article makes the following observations: (i) leveraging DVFS on a per-task basis is impractical when using fine-grained tasking and in environments with cluster/chip-level DVFS; (ii) task moldability, wherein a single task can execute on multiple threads/cores via work-sharing, can help to reduce energy consumption; and (iii) mismatch between tasks and assigned resources (i.e., core type and number of cores) can detrimentally impact energy consumption. In this article, we propose EneRgy Aware SchedulEr (ERASE), an intra-application task scheduler on top of work stealing runtimes that aims to reduce the total energy consumption of parallel applications. It achieves energy savings by guiding scheduling decisions based on per-task energy consumption predictions of different resource configurations. In addition, ERASE is capable of adapting to both given static frequency settings and externally controlled DVFS. Overall, ERASE achieves up to 31% energy savings and improves performance by 44% on average, compared to the state-of-the-art DVFS-based schedulers.
MPEG column: 127th MPEG meeting in Gothenburg, Sweden
Authors: Timmerer Christian
Published: March 2022

The original blog post can be found at the Bitmovin Techblog and has been modified/updated here to focus on and highlight research aspects.
On the Asymptotic Boundary Condition at the Free-Fluid/Porous-Medium Interface in Periciliary Layer due to the Ciliary Movement
Authors: Poopra Sudaporn , Wuttanachamsri Kanognudge
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study is to study the movement of the periciliary (PCL) fluid due to the ciliary locomotion. In this research, because the bundle of cilia is considered instead of a single cilium, Stokes–Brinkman equations in a macroscopic scale are employed to find the velocity of the PCL fluid. When the cilia are perpendicular to the horizontal plane, the PCL consists of only the cilia. The inclination of cilia (cilia make an angle

θ

θ
<

90

∘

to the horizontal plane) results in two different domains in the PCL, the regions comprising and not comprising cilia. The main objective of this study is to determine the appropriate boundary conditions of the velocity between these two regions where the PCL fluid is moved by self-propelled cilia rather than the pressure gradient. A matched asymptotic expansion method is applied to the Stokes–Brinkman equations to determine the constraints. Two boundary conditions at the interface are obtained and the velocity of the PCL fluid at the top of PCL can be used to be the boundary conditions at the bottom of the mucus layer to determine the velocity of mucus. This model can help engineers to build devices to treat patients who have problem with the respiratory system. Applications include modeling fluid flow through filters such as engine filter and rice fields.
Position Encoder Analysis and Low Delay Control for a Medical Robot with Six DoFs
Authors: Liang Wenyuan , Zhou Xiaobo , Lan Qing
Published: March 2022

Medical robots are in great demand for orthopedic surgery. The robotic control could be divided into two layers, the top layer and the bottom layer (also called joint control). However, how to improve the dynamic performance of joint control is still a challenging issue. Traditional PID control and PID-based sliding mode control are commonly used methods for the joint control of medical and industrial robots. In this paper, the proposed joint control is based on dynamic compensation. Dynamic compensation includes inertia and friction. The joint control diagram includes PID, sliding mode control, and adaptive dynamic compensation as a module unit. The design of the proposed joint control method could overcome the disadvantages of model uncertainty and dynamic disturbances and improve robot dynamic performance. Additionally, since control feedback is based on the joint position encoder, position encoder analysis is included in this paper. The dynamic performance of the proposed joint control was tested on the six-DoF medical robot, and the indexes of rising time, task space tracking, and contact space tracking were adopted to evaluate the dynamic performance. The experimental results show that the proposed control method has a much smaller rising time than the commercial controller product. The control proposed in this paper realized low delay control and improved the dynamic response of the control.
Collaborative Filtering Recommendation of Music MOOC Resources Based on Spark Architecture
Authors: Wang Lifu
Published: March 2022

With the rapid development of MOOC platforms, MOOC resources have grown substantially, causing the problem of information overload. It is difficult for users to select the courses they need from a large number of MOOC resources. It is necessary to help users select the right music courses and at the same time make the outstanding music courses stand out. Recommendation systems are considered a more efficient way to solve the information overload problem. To improve the accuracy of the recommendation results of music MOOC resources, a mixed collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm based on Spark architecture is proposed. First, the user data and item data are modeled and scored by the collaborative filtering algorithm, then the tree structure of the XGBoost model and the features of regular learning are combined to predict the scores, and then the two algorithms are mixed to solve the optimal objective function to obtain the set of candidate recommendation data. Then, the frog-jumping algorithm is used to train the weighting factors, and the optimal combination of weighting factors is used as the training result of the samples to realize the data analysis of the mixed collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm. The experimental results in the music MOOC resource show that the average absolute error and root mean square error of the proposed method are 0.406 and 1.117, respectively, when the sparsity is 30%, which are lower than those of other existing collaborative filtering recommendation methods, with higher accuracy and execution efficiency.
Apatite Fission Track Thermochronology of Granite from Duobaoshan Porphyry Cu (Mo) Deposit, Northeast China: Implications for Cooling History and Ore Preservation
Authors: Leng Yaxing , Wang Jianping , Zheng Dewen
Published: March 2022

The Duobaoshan Cu (Mo) deposit is one of the oldest super large porphyry deposits in the eastern part of the Central Asian orogenic belt. Although ore-forming processes have been extensively concerned, the post-mineralization ore preservation state was poorly focused on. In order to improve the ability of prospecting forecast, it is necessary to consider both deposit formation and deposit preservation. Here, we reported apatite fission track (AFT) data for the Duobaoshan porphyry copper deposits in the belt to reveal the cooling and exhumation history and evaluate ore preservation. The results show that the rapid cooling of the ore-hosting rock body occurred later than the surrounding rock body. The rapid cooling of the surrounding granodiorite occurred between 82 and 72 Ma, with the exhumation depth of 2.33–3.11 km and the exhumation rate of 0.25 mm/a, whereas the ore-hosting granodiorite porphyry was rapid cooling between 71.8 and 50.2 Ma, with the exhumation depth of 2.99–3.86 km and the exhumation rate of 0.22 mm/a. This differential exhumation and cooling event provide favorable geological conditions for the preservation of the ore body.
Uncertainty in the Stability for Excavated Surface during the Cutter Replacement in Tunneling Construction
Authors: Chen Shiguang , Li Hai , He Juchuan , Li Zhongwei , Tao Jin , Zhai Qian
Published: March 2022

In the process of tunnel excavation, the cutter wear rate is accelerated when the tunnel boring machine (TBM) passes through the rock stratum and the cutter is commonly replaced frequently during the excavation. In the replacement stage, the stability of the excavation surface is crucial to the operation of the project. In this study, commercial software PLAXIS3D is adopted for the evaluation of the stability of the excavation surface by considering different scenarios. The Hoek–Brown failure criterion is adopted as the constitutive model for the rock in the numerical analysis. Various failure modes under different working conditions are obtained. The results from the numerical analyses indicate that the excavation surface during the replacement is stable for those different scenarios. The factor of safety (FoS) for the stability of the excavation surface varies from 2.88 to 14.04. The failure modes near the excavation surface can be divided into four types: (i) central inward invasion, (ii) bilateral inward invasion, (iii) sliding, and (iv) outward invasion. With the increase of support pressure, the safety factor increases first and then decreases.
Analyzing Prognostic Hub Genes in the Microenvironment of Cutaneous Melanoma by Computer Integrated Bioinformatics
Authors: Li Guangyao , Zhang Jingye , Liu Yourao , Cheng Xiqing , Sun Kai , Hong Wenjuan , Sha Ke
Published: March 2022

Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is attracting increasing attention due to high mortality. In response to this, we synthetically analyze the CM dataset from the TCGA database and explore microenvironment-related genes that effectively predict patient prognosis. Immune/stromal scores of cases are calculated using the ESTIMATE algorithm and are significantly associated with overall patient survival. Then, differentially expressed genes are identified by comparing the immune score and stromal score, also prognostic genes are subsequently screened. Functional analysis shows that these genes are enriched in different activities of immune system. Moreover, 19 prognosis-related hub genes are extracted from the protein-protein interaction network, of which four unreported genes (IL7R, FLT3, C1QC, and HLA-DRB5) are chosen for validation. A significant negative relationship is found between the expression levels of the 4 genes and pathological stages, notably T grade. Furthermore, the K-M plots and TIMER results show that these genes have favorable value for CM prognosis. In conclusion, these results give a novel insight into CM and identify IL7R, FLT3, C1QC, and HLA-DRB5 as crucial roles for the diagnosis and treatment of CM.
Proposed Models for Prediction of Mortality in Stage-I and Stage-II Gastric Cancer and 5 Years after Radical Gastrectomy
Authors: Fang Tianyi , Yin Xin , Wang Yufei , Zhang Lei , Zhang Xinghai , Zhao Xudong , Wang Yimin , Xue Yingwei
Published: March 2022

The current American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system provides limited information for patients with early death from stage-I and stage-II gastric cancer (GC) and death at >5 years after radical gastrectomy. The aim of this study was to construct nomogram models to predict the mortality risk of these patients. In this study, clinical and pathological data on patients who underwent curative gastrectomy at Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital between 2000 and 2014 were retrospectively collected. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to screen for sensitive serum immune biomarkers to predict the risk of mortality death >5 years after radical gastrectomy (Group A) and risk of early death in stage-I and stage-II GC (Group B). The prediction model was constructed by combining serum immune markers with clinicopathological features by R Studio. We found that serum fibrinogen (F), systemic immune inflammation (SII), and pTNM stage were independent risk factors for prognosis in Group A (

P
<
0.05

). F, SII, age, Borrmann type, and scope of gastrectomy were independent risk factors for prognosis in Group B (

P
<
0.05

). The area under the curve of the predictive model in Groups A and B was 0.726 and 0.848, respectively. In conclusion, the predictive models of F and SII combined with clinicopathological features can predict high mortality risk in patients with stage-I and stage-II GC and >5 years after radical gastrectomy, which will contribute to the supplement of the traditional AJCC system and to individual survival prediction.
Nature against Diabetic Retinopathy: A Review on Antiangiogenic, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Phytochemicals
Authors: Khazeei Tabari Mohammad Amin , Mirjalili Razie , Khoshhal Hooman , Shokouh Elahe , Khandan Mohanna , Hasheminasabgorji Elham , Hafezi-Moghadam Ali , Bagheri Abouzar
Published: March 2022

Background and Purpose. Diabetes mellitus (DM), hyperglycemia, and hypertension can result in diabetic retinopathy (DR), which is a major cause of blindness on a global scale. Development of DR is associated with decreased endothelial cells, increased basal membrane thickness, permeation of the retinal blood barrier, and neovascularization in patients. The purpose of the present review is to provide an overview of the findings regarding applications of phytochemicals for DR treatment and could be a beneficial resource for further clinical studies and also a basis for pharmaceutical purposes for drug design. Materials and Methods. A narrative literature review was performed from electronic databases including Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus to analyze the effects of different phytochemicals to prevent or treat oxidation, angiogenesis, and inflammation in diabetic retinopathy. The inclusion criteria were original studies, which included the effects of different phytochemicals on diabetic retinopathy. The exclusion criteria included studies other than original articles, studies which assessed the effects of phytochemicals on nondiabetic retinopathy, and studies which used phytochemical-rich extracts. Results and Conclusions. Studies have shown that increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, angiogenic, and oxidative stress factors are involved in the progression and pathogenesis of DR. Therefore, phytochemicals with their anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, and antioxidant properties can prevent DR progression and retinal damage through various cellular mechanisms. It is also shown that some phytochemicals can simultaneously affect the inflammation, oxidation, and angiogenesis in DR.
Hotel Review Classification Based on the Text Pretraining Heterogeneous Graph Neural Network Model
Authors: Zhang Liyan , Guo Jingfeng , Kang Rui , Zhao Bo , Zhang Chunying , Li Jia
Published: March 2022

With the amount of online information continuously growing, it becomes more and more important for online stores to recommend corresponding products precisely based on users’ preferences. Reviews for various products can be of great help for the recommendation task. However, most recommendation platforms only classify positive and negative reviews based on sentiment analysis, without considering the actual demands of users, and it will reduce the effectiveness on classification task. To count this issue, we propose a new model, which integrates heterogeneous neural network and text pretraining model into this task, and compare this model with others on a travel type classification task. The model combines a pretrained text model named Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformers (BERT) and heterogeneous graph attention network (HGAN). Firstly, we do a fine-tuning task on BERT by a dataset consisting of 1.4 million hotel reviews from the Ctrip website to obtain fine representations of trip-related words. Then, we proposed the similarity fussy-matching method to get the main topic of each review. Then, we construct a heterogeneous neural network and apply the attention mechanism to it to mine the preference of users for traveling. Finally, the classification task is done based on each user’s preference. In Section 5 of this study, we do an experiment, which compares our model with five others. The results show that the accuracy of ours is 70%, which is higher than the other five models.
Binary Response Analysis Using Logistic Regression in Dentistry
Authors: Srimaneekarn Natchalee , Hayter Anthony , Liu Wei , Tantipoj Chanita
Published: March 2022

Multivariate analysis with binary response is extensively utilized in dental research due to variations in dichotomous outcomes. One of the analyses for binary response variable is binary logistic regression, which explores the associated factors and predicts the response probability of the binary variable. This article aims to explain the statistical concepts of binary logistic regression analysis applicable to the field of dental research, including model fitting, goodness of fit test, and model validation. Moreover, interpretation of the model and logistic regression are also discussed with relevant examples. Practical guidance is also provided for dentists and dental researchers to enhance their basic understanding of binary logistic regression analysis.
Quantitative Risk Analysis on Rail Transportation of Hazardous Materials
Authors: Mohammadfam Iraj , Zarei Esmaeil , Yazdi Mohammad , Gholamizadeh Kamran
Published: March 2022

The hazardous nature of the chemical materials is of significant concern in the economic viability of rail transportation globally. The potential risks of these materials to cause severe health impairments and catastrophic accidents have been widely studied and reported. Moreover, several models have been employed for assessing the risks associated with transporting hazardous materials by rail. However, a more holistic, quantitative, and robust model should incorporate more potential risk-triggered criteria, especially those causing severe health loss and devastating consequences like vapor cloud explosion. This study develops a risk assessment model by incorporating potential health risk factors and the obstacle circumstances. The potential risk factors are population density, route distance from residential areas, and the availability of sensitive third parties for health consequences. The proposed model utilizes Bayesian networks for causality modeling of the material release scenarios and fuzzy set theory for estimating the health effects and severity impact coefficient. Finally, individual risk curves and safe distances from the railway are developed. A real rail system for gasoline transportation in Tehran is investigated to evaluate the model’s effectiveness. The study provides panoramic leverages for risk-managed decision-making for safely transporting hazardous material by rail.
Unconfined Compression Test on In Situ Frozen Clay Sampled from Frozen Wellbore
Authors: Wang Heng , Li Gongzhou , Ning Fangbo , Gao Wei , Su Bin
Published: March 2022

Based on the current shortcomings in frozen wall designations, in which the unconfined compressive strength test parameters of undisturbed and remolded frozen soils are used for calculations, in situ frozen soil samples were taken from a frozen wellbore, and unconfined compressive strength tests were performed in this study. The test results showed significant discreteness in the in situ freezing uniaxial compressive strength of the cohesive soil, with low test repeatability. Because of the anisotropy of the original soil structure, the elastic modulus of 31.3% of the undisturbed frozen soil was found to be lower than that of the remolded frozen soil at the same temperature, and it was 0.5–2.1 times the elastic modulus of the remolded frozen soil. This value was negatively correlated with the freezing temperature; however, it had no evident relationship with the occurrence depth of the frozen soil. Based on the design principle of the frozen wall of the west air shaft in Zhaogu No. 2 Mine, the thickness calculated by substituting the in situ frozen soil test parameters was 1.14–1.61 times that of the original design of the frozen wall of the viscous soil layer.
Effects of Integrated Fuzzy Logic PID Controller on Satellite Antenna Tracking System
Authors: Reddy R. Obulakonda , Kautish Sandeep , Reddy V.Padmanabha , Yadav N. Sudhakar , Alanazi Meznah M. , Mohamed Ali Wagdy
Published: March 2022

An electrical device that transforms the electricity into the waves of radio and vice versa is termed the antenna. Its main deployment is in the transmitter and receiver of the antenna. While transmission, the transmitter of radio at the extremities of the antenna furnishes the electricity which oscillates at the frequency of radio wave and energy is released as current as em waves. Some of the voltage is formed from the em wave that is invaded at the point of receiving to amplify the receiver. This study focuses on the analysis of the satellite system to aid in mobile antenna tracking. It also examines the techniques for fuzzy control which make up traditional networks that are used. Initially, a basic idea of tracking loops with stabilized antennas was suggested in light of the requirement for the margin of phase and bandwidth. If the gain of the track is reduced due to changes in attributes and throughput, it will be reduced. In addition, fuzzy regulators and PID constituents are used to enhance the loop. The results indicate that the higher and lower antenna tracking gains within the loop were the best fit and the loop's fluctuations are reduced. A controller based on fuzzy logic can be most efficient due to its simplicity and robustness. It is also discovered that fuzzy logic controllers are evaluated by their behavior in relation. This paper presents an evaluation of the controllers in fuzzy logic, which is based on its integration with conventional controllers. There are three gains in PID's regulator PID and every gain can be used to control the variables of inputs and outcomes. The effects of the responses were analyzed and were compared. The commonality was discovered in the results according to the increase in time for II/6 and II/3 based on PID's regulator PID stability, it can be improved by this system, and there is a reduction in the duration of stability. Furthermore, the period of stability may be reduced through the fusion of PID and fuzzy. The effectiveness of the system could be enhanced by the implementation of the neural network. It is also possible to design the two types of control that could be used to control the proposed solid platform.
A Short Theoretical Review of Charmonium Production
Authors: Chen An-Ping , Ma Yan-Qing , Zhang Hong
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we review the current status of the phenomenological study of quarkonium production in high-energy collisions. After a brief introduction of several important models and effective field theories for quarkonium production, we discuss the comparisons between theoretical predictions and experimental measurements.
A Prediction Model of Health Development Based on Linear Sequential Extreme Learning Machine Algorithm Matrix
Authors: Cheng Suli , Liu Shuzhi
Published: March 2022

The rapid development of social economy not only increases people’s living pressure but also reduces people’s health. Looking for a healthy development prediction model has become a domestic concern. Based on the analysis of the influencing factors of health development, this paper looks for a model to predict the development of public health, so as to improve the accuracy of health development prediction. In this paper, the linear sequential extreme learning machine algorithm can be used to evaluate the health status of a large number of data, analyze the differences of each evaluation index, and construct the analysis model of health status. Therefore, this paper introduces rough set theory into linear sequential extreme learning machine algorithm. Rough set can analyze the double analysis of evaluation scheme, predict the health development of different individuals, and improve the evaluation accuracy of mass health evaluation. The simulation results show that the improved line sequential extreme learning machine algorithm can accurately analyze the mass health and meet the needs of different individuals’ health evaluation.
Larvicidal Activities and Synergistic Effects of Essential Oils against Anopheles funestus and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Kisumu, Kenya
Authors: Wangrawa Dimitri W. , Kosgei Jackline , Machani Maxwell , Opala James , Agumba Silas , Yaméogo Felix , Borovsky Dov , Ochomo Eric
Published: March 2022

Rapid development of resistance in vector mosquitoes to synthetic insecticides is a major challenge for malaria control. The use of plant-derived essential oils (EOs) is an attractive strategy in controlling mosquito populations because they are environmentally safe and may have a lower chance of developing resistance. This study assessed the larvicidal activities of EOs from Lantana camara, Lippia multiflora, Lippia chevalieri, and Cymbopogon schoenanthus against Anopheles funestus and Culex quinquefasciatus. The 3rd–4th instar larvae were tested using a World Health Organization (WHO)-modified protocol to evaluate larval mortality 24 h after exposure to EOs and their binary combinations. Culex quinquefasciatus larvae were more susceptible to EOs than An. funestus larvae. For Cx. quinquefasciatus, the lethal concentrations at 50% mortality (LC50s) of EOs from C. schoenanthus, L. multiflora, L. camara, and L. chevalieri were 23.32, 27.24, 38.54, and 54.11 ppm, respectively; whereas for An. funestus, the EO LC50s were 120.5, 67.5, 49.21, and 105.74 ppm, respectively. Synergistic effects were observed using EOs from C. schoenanthus + L. multiflora (LC50 = 44.05 ppm) on An. funestus, while L. camara + L. chevalieri (LC50 = 33.16 ppm), L. chevalieri + C. schoenanthus (LC50 = 12.08 ppm), and L. multiflora + L. chevalieri (LC50 = 20.61 ppm) were synergistic for Cx. quinquefasciatus. These results indicate the potential of EOs derived from local plants and their binary combinations as botanical larvicides. The EOs could be used as future ecofriendly agents to control these vectors.
Clinical Utility of Paediatric Endoscopy and Correlation between Endoscopic and Histological Findings
Authors: Popescu Mara , Naveed Junaid , Hasan Ifrah , Mutalib Mohamed
Published: March 2022

Background. The number of gastrointestinal endoscopies in children is rapidly increasing without evidence of a parallel increase in disease burden. The positive yield of paediatric endoscopies outside certain conditions is small but the impact of normal “negative” results on clinical management is poorly studied. Routine mucosal biopsy in all paediatric endoscopies is common practice. We aimed to assess the impact of normal endoscopy on patient care, defined by symptom improvement and discharge from hospital follow-up, and calculate the correlation between endoscopic and histological findings. Methods. Retrospective analysis of the first diagnostic endoscopy in children (2015–2019) from Evelina London Children’ Hospital, in London, UK. Endoscopy and histology findings were recorded. Symptoms and follow-up were reviewed up to six months after the endoscopy. Results. 362 children were included; 46.7% were female. Mean age 10.5 (±4.1) years, 66.3% underwent OGDs, and 33.7% underwent combined OGD and colonoscopies. 72.9% of endoscopies and 57.2% of all biopsies were normal. There was a strong positive correlation between endoscopic findings and biopsy results (phi 0.68

p
<
.001

). 31.2% of children reported symptom improvement and were discharged from further follow-up after undergoing endoscopy after 1.9 (±1.5) clinics, phi 0.2

p
<
0.001

between normal endoscopy and discharge. Conclusion. Negative endoscopy appears to influence clinical management and discharge from hospital follow-up in about a third of children undergoing endoscopy. The practice of routine biopsies in all paediatric endoscopies should be considered due to a strong positive correlation between normal endoscopies and normal biopsies.
Standardized Evaluation Method of Pronunciation Teaching Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Zhao Xiaoda , Jin Xiaoyan
Published: March 2022

With the advancement of globalization, an increasing number of people are learning and using a common language as a tool for international communication. However, there are clear distinctions between the native language and target language, especially in pronunciation, and the domestic target language, the learning environment is far from ideal, with few competent teachers. In addition, such learning cannot achieve computer-assisted language learning (CALL) technology. The efficient combination of computer technology and language teaching and learning methods provides a new solution to this problem. The core of CALL is speech recognition (SR) technology and speech evaluation technology. The development of deep learning (DL) has greatly promoted the development of speech recognition. The pronunciation resource collected from the Chinese college students, whose majors are language education or who are planning to obtain better pronunciation, shall be the research object of this paper. The study applies deep learning to the standard but of target language pronunciation and builds a standard evaluation model of pronunciation teaching based on the deep belief network (DBN). On this basis, this work improves the traditional pronunciation quality evaluation method, comprehensively considers intonation, speaking speed, rhythm, intonation, and other multi-parameter indicators and their weights, and establishes a reasonable and efficient pronunciation model. The systematic research results show that this article has theoretical and practical value in the field of phonetics education.
Efficacy and Safety of Nanoadministration in the Treatment of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Is Good to Some Extent: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Han Rui , Guan Youhong , Li Min , Xu Aiqun , Wu Dong , Li Pulin , Wang Enze , Sun Peng , Fei Guanghe , Zhou Sijing , Wang Ran
Published: March 2022

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a nanodrug delivery regimen compared with conventional drug administration for the treatment of lung cancer. Materials and Methods. Studies were retrieved through PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. Primary and secondary outcome measures, including overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events, were extracted from the retrieved literature and systematically evaluated. Results. Six trials, including 4806 advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients, were included in this study. Compared with conventional drug administration in the treatment of lung cancer, the nanodrug delivery regimen improved the ORR (risk ratio = 1.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.25–1.63,

p
≤
0.001

), prolonged PFS (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.76–0.92,

p
≤
0.001

), and obtained superior OS (HR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.83–0.99,

p
≤
0.001

). Regarding safety, the incidence of neutropenia, alopecia, sensory neuropathy, myalgia, and arthralgia was lower in the nanoadministration group, but the risk of thrombocytopenia, anaemia, and nausea was increased. Conclusion. Nanodrug administration is safe and effective in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer to some extent.