bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Impoverished Communities in Northern Lima, Peru
Authors: Kramer Adam Samuel , Thomas Michaella , Makowski Andrew , Drozek David
Published: May 2021

Context: Vitamin D deficiency is a global concern. There are many factors that affect the levels of vitamin D including demographics, gender, skin pigmentation, geographic location, and body mass index (BMI). In Lima, Peru, vitamin D levels may be influenced by ethnicity, socioeconomic status, overcrowded conditions, air pollution, and chronic disease status.

Objective: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to measure the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in a sample of impoverished adults living in northern Lima. It was hypothesized that more than 40% of the study sample would have deficient levels of vitamin D. The Endocrine Society defines deficient levels asbeing < 20 ng/mL of 25(OH)D3, insufficient being 21–29 ng/mL of 25(OH)D3.

Methods: In June 2016, a Global Health team from Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine provided medical clinics in impoverished communities in northern Lima. From a random sample of consenting adults, finger stick capillary blood samples were applied to Whatman protein saver cards and subsequently dried.Dried blood samples were punched, extracted, and analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Participants had BMI measured as well.

Results: 25(OH)D3 samples were obtained from 144 adults, 116 (80.6%) women, 20 (13.9%) men, 8 (5.6%) unspecified gender, age range of 18–94 with a mean of 39  years. In 66 patients (45.8%), 25(OH)D3 was deficient. In 74 patients (51.4%), 25(OH)D3 was insufficient. In 4 patients (2.8%), 25(OH)D3 was sufficient. For the women, 57 (49.1%) were deficient, 56 (48.3%) insufficient. For the men, 7 (35%) were deficient, 13 (65%) insufficient. Mean BMI was 27.3, with a range of 17.3–43.3; 40.3% were overweight and 23.6% were obese. No relationship between vitamin D levels and gender was identified (p = 0.203). There was no significant association betweenBMI levels and vitamin D levels (p = 0.418).

Conclusions: In this sample, nearly one half of those tested had deficient levels of 25(OH)D3, with the vast majority (97%) having less than sufficient levels. This study population also demonstrated an average BMI of 27.3. Further study is needed to clarify the role of vitamin D as a therapeutic and its relationship with BMI.
Encuentros online en educación infantil: Una experiencia vincular y educativa en tiempos de COVID-19
Authors: Fusté Forné Maria
Published: May 2021

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo relatar una experiencia vincular y educativa centrada en el uso de nuevas tecnologías, concretamente videollamadas, con niños en la etapa de educación infantil. Se trata de un caso de estudio centrado en la experiencia del uso de la aplicación Skype con niñas y niños de 2 a 3 años. Estos encuentros online se realizaron semanalmente durante tres meses debido a la situación provocada por la pandemia de covid-19, que implicó medidas de confinamiento y cierre de escuelas. A partir de un estudio autoetnográfico, basado en la observación y recogida de datos en un diario, los resultados desarrollan una serie de propuestas temáticas que facilitan la interacción y el vínculo entre los compañeros de clase a través de una pantalla, en este caso debido a las circunstancias excepcionales. Se concluye que mediante estos encuentros online se pudo mantener el contacto, compartir experiencias y desarrollar habilidades en un entorno virtual de interacción positiva.
[Ensaio] Redizer as palavras, refazer as coisas: João Maimona e o lugar outro na poesia de Angola
Authors: Meloni Otávio Henrique
Published: May 2021

Ensaio sobre a poesia angolanda de João Maimona.
Morte no horizonte: a ausência de paisagem na poesia de Manuel de Freitas e Jude Stéfan
Authors: Nobre Gabriela
Published: May 2021

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo a investigação do tema da paisagem e da morte nos poetas Manuel de Freitas (Portugal) e Jude Stéfan (França). Este tema é, em ambas as poéticas, evocado por sua ausência, estando desta forma relacionado ao tema da morte. Tal como pensada por Michel Collot, a teoria da paisagem se dá em relação com a noção fenomenológica de horizonte, apresentada por Heidegger no Dasein como sempre voltado para o futuro como realização de um projeto ou autorrealização, cujo horizonte último é a morte.
Uma história de partidas: mulheres, emigrantes e estrangeiros
Authors: Figueiredo Mônica
Published: May 2021

Livro resenhado:JORGE, Silvio Renato. Sobre mulheres e estrangeiros: alguns romances de Olga Gonçalves. Niterói: EdUFF, 2009.
Poemas
Authors: Mendonça José Luís
Published: May 2021

Quatro poemas.
Quando o lírico e o narrativo se encontram em Nuno Júdice
Authors: Dias Maria Heloísa Martins
Published: May 2021

A poesia de Nuno Judice singulariza-se pela natureza hibrida de seu discurso, cujos procedimentos de construção entretecem poesia e prosa, apagando as fronteiras rígidas entre os modos lírico e narrativo, por isso mesmo fugindo de moldes classificatórios. Embora a tradição clássica seja uma referencia e se faca presente na carga imagética e alegórica da figuração mítica, em muitas poesias, a modernidade desfaz as demarcações nítidas entre os tempos e os espaços, ao impulsionar o texto a dobrar-se sobre si mesmo em suas reflexões acerca dos processos que alimentam o corpo poético, feito simultaneamente de canto e logos, concretude e abstração. Seu livro As Regras da Perspectiva, de 1990, torna visível essa tendência para a interpenetração de prosa e poesia, de que extraímos dois poemas para serem objeto de nossa analise. Nessa peculiar textualidade, a metalinguagem e uma das faces a interagir com outras, entre elas, a textura das sensações, a ocultação do eu lírico, a narratividade, o mistério dos sentidos, as formas do mundo.
Carlos de Oliveira e a responsabilidade do Falhanço
Authors: Gandolfi Leonardo
Published: May 2021

Em Carlos de Oliveira, há a valorização de uma espécie de derrota corrosiva e geracional chamada, em certa altura, de “Falhanço”, e que encontra paralelo, por exemplo, em outro grande neorrealista lato sensu como o cineasta italiano Visconti. Isso talvez possa aparecer na relação estrutural de dependência entre os textos do autor e o sistema cerceador ditatorial, como deixa ver o colapso do mundo em seus dois últimos livros, publicados após o 25 de Abril. Ou ainda o desencontro entre o compromisso neorrealista e o compromisso com uma memória pessoal que se desloca, num outro momento, para um desencontro entre voz (gesto) e escrita (registro).
As micro histórias nas águas do Zambeze: um projeto interdisciplinar em "As duas sombras", de João Paulo Borges Coelho
Authors: Franco Roberta Guimarães
Published: May 2021

Este trabalho, parte integrante do projeto de doutorado “Memórias em trânsito: descolamentos distópicos em três romances pós-coloniais”, orientado pela professora Laura Cavalcante Padilha, pretende apresentar uma leitura do romance inaugural do escritor moçambicano João Paulo Borges Coelho, As duas sombras do rio (2003), atentando para a inter­disciplinaridade presente na obra, fruto da profissão de historiador de Borges Coelho. Para tanto, pretendemos fazer algumas considerações sobre a relação entre Literatura e História, tendo como base as reinter­pretações feitas a partir da Escola dos Annales (França, 1929) sobre esta última, bem como pensar a representação social de algumas personagens do romance como um reflexo da Micro História (Itália, 1981), ou seja, a presença de figuras que compõem um microcosmos do espaço moçambi­cano (a região do Zumbo) como formas de problematizar os dilemas da cisão no pós-independência do país.
Canibal Lector: da leitura e tarefa do narrador como deglutição diabólica
Authors: Serra Pedro
Published: May 2021

“Os Canibais”, conto de Álvaro do Carvalhal, lido como alegoria da tensão entre demos e daemon no âmago do social.
Imagens do ominoso em "Outronome", de Gastão Cruz
Authors: Cortez António Carlos
Published: May 2021

Interrogaremos neste ensaio a questão do ominoso em Outro Nome (1965), de Gastão Cruz e a expressão tenebrosa do real nestas dez canções. Procu­raremos ver as condições de possibilidade de uma figuração textual negati­va; quais os sentidos da decepção, da angústia e da melancolia no contexto de produção de Outro Nome. Como se engendram à luz da poética do autor (convocando, sempre que possível, outros poemas da sua obra) o palimp­sesto camoniano e o efeito citacional. Procura-se também entender de que forma a construção de cenários negros e deceptivos concorre para uma interpretação do tempo histórico (o fascismo português). Que processos retóricos firmam, nestas composições, uma linguagem neo-maneirista e uma visão do mundo toldada por uma “tenebritas”, à luz da qual os lugares convocados para o texto são lugares onde o mal, a tristeza, o assombroso exigem uma linguagem árida, obsessiva e tensional.
Frágeis mulheres-feras: cicatrizes da vida na alma feminina
Authors: Feil Roselene Berbigeier
Published: May 2021

Às personagens femininas Mia Couto delega uma missão: fazer o percurso, sofrido ou suave, entre o mundo do sonho e o da realidade, adiantando­-lhes que em ambos os mundos as dores da alma e do corpo deixarão inde­léveis cicatrizes. Revelações sobre o comportamento feminino, a submissão em relação ao poder masculino e a autoafirmação em momentos difíceis encontram no mundo do sonho a satisfação dos desejos mais românticos e das mais femininas necessidades. Entre os percalços do cotidiano e a es­perança de dias melhores, as mulheres de Mia Couto transitam do possível ao impossível, da fragilidade à força absoluta. Na maioria dos romances do autor moçambicano, dentre os quais O outro pé da sereia (2006), Terra sonâmbula (2007) e A confissão da leoa (2012), são encontradas mulheres modelo de superação, mulheres que fazem da vida uma travessia em busca de conforto espiritual, uma vez que o afetivo e o material lhes parecem inalcançáveis. Pretende-se neste ensaio um encontro bastante especial com Constança e Mwadia Malunga, Farida, Virgínia Pinto, Hanifa Assulua, Naftalinda Makwala e Mariamar Mpepe que terão a oportunidade de rela­tar uma parte de suas ricas, e dolorosas, experiências de vida.
Manuel António Pina entre Rossellini e Shindo: os procedimentos neo-relistas dum regresso à infância
Authors: Nenê Paulo
Published: May 2021

A obra poética de Manuel António Pina distingue-se pela tentativa de atingir a primordialidade (a infância) nos arredores do verbo. A memória afigura-se deste modo como o principal mecanismo capaz de superar a barreira do tempo e assim aproximar o sujeito poético da sua realidade perdida. A poesia de Manuel António Pina, pautada pela isotopia do regresso, consubstancia na sua totalidade imagens puras dum tempo perdido em muito similares aos planos-sequências do neo-realismo italiano. O presente trabalho tem por objectivo estudar o modo como a imagem fílmica assegura uma ligação cósmica e colectiva muito forte entre o ser e o objecto recordado, tal como o processo de rememoração encetado pelo poeta português, um pouco à maneira dum filme documentário neo-realista.
Putusan Tentang Pemidanaan Terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Penadahan
Authors: Listiana Listiana , Sudarti Elly
Published: May 2021

ABSTRAK

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis putusan dalam tindak pidana penadahan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif.  Keputusan Pengadilan Negeri Sarolangun menunjukkan dalam penjatuhan pidana, hakim belum menerapkan ketentuan sanksi pidana yang terdapat dalam Undang-Undang secara maksimal. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari pemidanaan yang dijatuhkan terhadap pelaku penadahan kurang dari 1 (satu) tahun penjara, sementara ancaman maksimal dari tindak pidana penadahan adalah 4 (empat) tahun penjara. Hal ini mengakibatkan pemidanaan tidak akan memberikan efek jera bagi pelaku.

ABSTRACT

This article aims to find out and analyze the verdict of criminal offence. The research methods is normative research. The Sarolangun District Court's decision shows that in a criminal sentence, the judge did not apply the provisions of criminal sanctions contained in the law to the maximum. This can be seen from the punishment imposed on perpetrators of detention of less than 1 (one) year in prison, while the maximum threat of criminal offense is  4 (four) years in prison. This resulted in the punishment will not give a deterrent effect for the offender.
Kedudukan Hukum Deponeering dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana
Authors: Ratnasari Desi , Lasmadi Sahuri , Sudarti Elly
Published: May 2021

This article aims to identify and analyze the legal implications and analyze the regulation of public interest as a condition for implementing deponeering by the Attorney General for the sake of the public interest in the perspective of the development of criminal procedural law. This research is a legal research, obtained from statutory studies (statute approach), concept (conceptual approach), cases. The result of this research is that there is discrimination against equality before the law contained in Article 27 Paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and can trigger misinterpretation by the Attorney General. Then in its implementation there is no clear regulation regarding the application of the opportunity principle related to the authority of the attorney general in the implementation of case waiver (deponeering) for the public interest in the Criminal Procedure Code. 
Abstrak
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis implikasi hukum serta menganalisis terhadap regulasi kepentingan umum sebagai syarat pelaksanaan pengesampingan perkara (deponeering) oleh Jaksa Agung demi kepentingan umum dalam prespektif perkembangan hukum acara pidana.  Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum, yang diperoleh dari studi perundang-undangan (statute approach), konsep (conceptual approach), kasus. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah adanya diskriminatif terhadap equality before the law yang terdapat dalam Pasal 27 Ayat (1) Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 dan dapat memicu salah tafsir oleh Jaksa Agung. Lalu di dalam pelaksanaannya belum terdapat regulasi yang jelas mengenai penerapan asas oportunitas yang berhubungan dengan kewenangan jaksa agung dalam pelaksanaan pengesampingan perkara (deponeering) demi kepentingan umum di dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum acara Pidana (KUHAP).
Pelaksanaan Pembinaan Narapidana Anak yang Dijatuhi Pidana Penjara Jangka Pendek di Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak (LPKA)
Authors: Sasmita Tiwi , Nawawi Kabib , Monita Yulia
Published: May 2021

This article aims to find out how the implementation of short-term guidance of child prisoners at The Children Penitentiary of Muara Bulian and the obstacles in the implementation of the guidance. The result showed that The Children Penitentiary of Muara Bulian has tried to provide the guidance to child prisoners in accordance with applicable regulations, by providing spiritual guidance by helding a monthly religious lectures by clergy presenters at Muara Bulian. In addition, physical development is also given to child prisoners in the form of routine sports such as morning exercise as well as skills development for child prisoners such as making handicrafts in the form of flower vases made from used paper and plastic. The obstacles in guiding child prisoners at The Children Penitentiary of Muara Bulian include the lack of attention from the inmate’s family, lack of officers and experts, lack of funds, and lack of community participation. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the facilities and infrastructure so that the guidance received by the children runs optimally according to their respective talents, especially in the fields of education and health.
Abstrak
Tujuan artikel ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pelaksanaan pembinaan narapidana anak jangka pendek di Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak Muara Bulian serta kendala dalam pelaksanaan pembinaan tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak Muara Bulian sudah berusaha melakukan pembinaan terhadap narapidana anak sesuai dengan peraturan yang berlaku, pembinaan kerohanian/keagamaan dilakukan melalui kegiatan ceramah dan konsultasi religii yang dilaksanakan secara rutin setiap bulan. Pembinaan fisik dilakukan melalui kegiatan senam pagi dan olahraga lain. Untuk pembinaan terhadap peningkatan dilakukan melalui pelatihan keterampilan pembuatan berbagai kerajinan seperti pembuatan vas bunga dari barang bekas. Kendala dalam pembinaan narapidana anak di Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Muara BUlian diantaranya, kurangnya perhatian dari keluarga narapidana, kurangnya petugas dan tenaga ahli, kurangnya dana, dan kurangnya partisipasi masyarakat. Oleh karena itu perlu ditingkatkan saran dan prasarana di lembaga pembinaan supaya pembinaan yang didapat oleh anak berjalan maksimal sesuai dengan bakat masing-masing khususnya di bidang pendidikan dan kesehatan.
Penerapan Sanksi Tindakan Terhadap Pelanggaran Lalu Lintas yang Dilakukan oleh Anak
Authors: Rauf Ahsanul , Arfa Nys. , Siregar Elizabeth
Published: May 2021

This article aims to determine and analyze the application of sanctions against traffic violations committed by children at the Tanjung Jabung Barat Police and to identify and analyze the constraints of implementing sanctions for traffic violations committed by children at the Tanjung Jabung Barat Police. This research is a type of empirical juridical research. The results showed that the form of sanctions against motor vehicle traffic violations committed by children at the Tanjung Jabung Barat Police was divided into 5 (five) forms of action sanctions. The number of traffic violations subject to action sanctions is not specifically pegged for any violations, the form of sanctions given is submitted to members of the Tanjabbar Police Traffic Unit, but generally the sanctions for action are in the form of push ups and being called by their parents and then making a letter of agreement or statement not to repeat again . Constraints in implementing sanctions for traffic violations committed by children at the Tanjung Jabung Barat Police are limited facilities and infrastructure and financial position to be allocated for the application of these sanctions that have not been budgeted for by the government besides its application requires policies and SOPs that must be standardized first through regulatory regulations. legislation.
Abstrak
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis penerapan sanksi tindakan terhadap pelanggaran lalu lintas yang dilakukan oleh anak di Polres Tanjung Jabung Barat dan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis kendala penerapan sanksi tindakan terhadap pelanggaran lalu lintas yang dilakukan oleh anak di Polres Tanjung Jabung Barat. Penelitian ini merupakan tipe penelitian yuridis empiris. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk sanksi tindakan terhadap pelanggaran lalu lintas kendaraan bermotor yang dilakukan oleh anak di Polres Tanjung Jabung Barat terbagi atas 5 (lima) bentuk sanksi tindakan. Jumlah pelanggaran lalu lintas yang dikenakan sanksi tindakan tidak dipatok khusus untuk pelanggaran apa saja, bentuk sanksi yang diberikan diserahkan kepada pihak anggota Satlantas Polres Tanjabbar, tetapi pada umumnya sanksi tindakan berupa push up dan dipanggil orang tuanya dan kemudian membuat surat perjanjian atau pernyataan tidak mengulangi lagi. Kendala dalam penerapan sanksi tindakan terhadap pelanggaran lalu lintas yang dilakukan oleh anak di Polres Tanjung Jabung Barat yaitu keterbatasan sarana dan prasarana dan kedudukan keuangan untuk dialokasikan untuk penerapan sanksi tindakan ini belum dianggarkan oleh pemerintah selain penerapannya memerlukan kebijakan dan SOP yang harus dibakukan dulu melalui regulasi peraturan perundang-undangan
„Úgy értsem, ahogy mondják - Úgy mondjam, hogy értsék”
Authors: Feketéné Silye Magdolna
Published: May 2021

Az információs társadalom globális hálójában életünk szinte egyetlen mozzanata sem marad érintetlen. A világháló kéretlenül is befolyásolja tetteinket és gondolkodásunkat, ott hagyja lenyomatait személyes és kollektív életünk mindennapjaiban. A globalizálódó világ egyik sajátos vonása, hogy bár sok kultúrát magában foglal, mégis uniformizált, és elvárja tagjaitól a hasonló gondolkodásmódot, a kultúrákon átívelő kommunikáció képességét. A kommunikáció eszköze az új lingua franca, az angol nyelv, melynek kellő ismerete nélkül a globális környezetben könnyen kudarcot vallunk.

A szerző a globális társadalom és a globális angol nyelv általános leírása és a köztük fennálló kölcsönös kapcsolatok jellemzése után ismerteti azokat a nyelvi kompetenciákat, amelyek az egyes szakmákban nélkülözhetetlennek bizonyulhatnak a globális környezetben való érvényesüléshez. Végezetül összefoglalja azokat a pedagógiai célkitűzéseket, amelyeket a szakmai értelmiség nyelvi képzésében a cikkben megvilágított kérdések értelmében követendőnek tart.
Információs társadalom, üzleti intelligencia
Authors: Galli Richárd
Published: May 2021

A cikk bemutatja, hogy az üzleti intelligencia alkalmazása nem kizárólag az üzleti döntések megalapozását teheti hatékonyabbá, hanem a vállalat személyzeti kérdéseinek megválaszolásában is segíthet. A cikk ezen belül két témát érint tehát; az egyik a vállalati humán tőke kezelése – vagyis annak meghatározása, hogy ki milyen pozícióra a legalkalmasabb, ott hogyan lehet őt fejleszteni és megtartani –, a második részben pedig egy nagyvállalati, központosított üzleti intelligencia szervezeti egységéről van szó.
Táblagépek oktatási eszközként való bevezetésének lehetséges hatásai
Authors: Duma László , Monda Eszter
Published: May 2021

Az oktatásban is használják már az IT-t, és elérkeztünk a fordulóponthoz, amikor a számítógépek és laptopok után már az e-Learning módszereken alapuló, internettel összekötött táblagépek korszaka következik. A Futures managementből ismert Eltville modelljének segítségével elemezzük az oktatási rendszer hatásait, és a módszer lehetőségfeltárás szakaszában a Jövőkerék (eredeti angol nevén Futures Wheel) jövőkutatás módszerrel ábrázoljuk a lehetséges jövőbeni hatásokat. Az Eltville-módszer alkalmazását követően meghatározunk négy lehetséges szcenáriót, jövőképet. Az ICT eszközök lehetséges hatásai közül rendezőelvként kettőt emelünk ki: a fizikai, mentális és szociális lét dimenzióját és a tudásmegszerzésre, -megosztásra vonatkozó aspektust.
Az elektronikus közigazgatás vizsgálati lehetőségei a többszintű elemzés módszerével
Authors: Zsom Brigitta
Published: May 2021

A tanulmány célkitűzése az elektronikus-közigazgatás front office elemeinek a vizsgálata, két magyarországi megye (Hajdú-Bihar, Győr-Moson-Sopron) önkormányzati hon-lapjainak elemzése révén. Az elektronikus-közigazgatás fejlettségi szintjeinek, és azok elemeinek a bemutatása után, egy szubjektív szempontrendszer megalkotásával kerülnek értékelésre a honlapok. A cikk többszintű elemzési módszer alkalmazásával arra keresi a választ, hogy az általános fejlettségi kép alakulását a területi szint (szomszédsági környezet, amelybe ágyazva vannak) vagy az egyéni (individuális) szint befolyásolja jobban.
A tudás-alapú városfejlesztés egy lehetséges irányáról
Authors: Z. Karvalics László
Published: May 2021

A globális tudásgazdaságban a tudás-intenzív iparágak és a tudásmunkások a legfontosabb tényezők a jólét és a versenyképesség megteremtésére a városokban. Az e két tényezőre fókuszáló városfejlesztési programoknak emiatt globális kontextusban is értelmezhetőeknek kell lenniük, mert ennek híján bárminemű lokális fejlesztési rész-siker is csak illékony, rövid életű, relatív hatású eredmény marad. Az átalakuló városstratégiai erőtérben azonban megnyílnak lehetőségek, esélyt kínálva arra, hogy a városok és lakóik új igazodási pontokat, célkitűzéseket, identitás-mintázatokat tudjanak találni. Az egyik ilyen lehetőség a világfőváros-szerep megcélzása, ami annyit jelent, hogy egyetlen kiválasztott szempont, terület, aktivitásforma kapcsán az érintett város vezető szerepet kíván betölteni és ezt a szerepet sugallni, sugározni is szeretné. Nemzetközi esettanulmányok (Queenstown, Baton Rouge, Montreal, Helsinki) után szinte minden településméretben (Budapest, Szeged, Zalaegerszeg, Lőkösháza, Ipolytarnóc) hazai lehetőségekre is kapunk példát.
A romániai fiatalok szemlélete az internet természetéről és hasznáról
Authors: Tőkés Gyöngyvér
Published: May 2021

Tanulmányunkban a romániai fiatalok szemléletét vizsgáltuk az internet természetéről és hasznáról. A tanulmány fő kérdése, hogy a romániai fiatalok hogyan viszonyulnak az internethez, ugyanis a pozitív hozzáállás kedvezően, a negatív hozzáállás kedvezőtlenül befolyásolja az internethasználatot. A tanulmány első felében az attitűdök sajátosságait és összetevőit mutattuk be, majd az internethasználat és az internettel kapcsolatos hozzáállás viszonyát tárgyaltuk. A tanulmány második felében az EU Kids Online III (2013) nemzetközi kutatás Romániára vonatkozó kvalitatív empirikus adatai alapján kerestük a választ a tanulmány fő kérdésére.
Tinédzserek titkos kapcsolata az internettel
Authors: Dóra László
Published: May 2021

A Digital Youth című könyv recenziója
Personalized Health and the Coronavirus Vaccines --Do Individual Genetics Matter?
Authors: Valdés-Fernández Bianca N , Duconge Jorge , Espino Ana M , Ruaño Gualberto
Published: May 2021

This article assesses the role of recipient genetics to COVID-19 vaccine
responses. Vaccines represent preventative interventions suitable to an
immunogenetic perspective to predict how human variability will
influence their safety and efficacy. The genetic polymorphism among
individuals within any population can make possible that the immunity
elicited by a vaccine is variable in length and strength. The same
immune challenge (either virus or vaccine) could provoke partial,
complete or even failed protection for some individuals treated under
the same conditions. We review genetic variants and mechanistic
relationships among chemokines, chemokine receptors, interleukins,
interferons, interferon receptors, toll-like receptors,
histocompatibility antigens, various immunoglobulins and major
histocompatibility complex antigens. These are the targets for variation
among macrophages, dendritic cells, Natural Killer cells, T- and B-
lymphocytes, and complement. The acute nature of vaccine reactogenicity
is reminiscent of the time course of adverse drug reaction mediated by
the immune system. The variety of technology platforms (mRNA, viral
vectors) utilized currently to produce vaccines against SARS-CoV-2
infections may each also trigger genetically distinct immune reactogenic
profiles. With biobanking of recipient genomic DNA and serum
immunoprofiling, global COVID-19 vaccinations could launch a new era of
research and clinical translation in personalized health.
Outcomes of early repeat sweat testing in infants with cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-related metabolic syndrome (CRMS)/CF screen-positive, inconclusive diagnosis (CFSPID)
Authors: terlizzi vito , Claut Laura , Colombo Carla , Tosco Antonella , Castaldo Alice , Fabrizzi Benedetta , Lucarelli Marco , Cimino Giuseppe , Dolce Daniela , Bonomi Paolo , Timpano Silviana , Padoan Rita
Published: May 2021

Background: Reaching early and definitive diagnosis in infants with
cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator-related
metabolic syndrome (CRMS)/CF screen-positive, inconclusive diagnosis
(CFSPID) is a priority of all CF newborn screening programs. Currently,
sweat testing is the gold standard for CF diagnosis or exclusion. We
assessed outcomes in a cohort of Italian CRMS/CFSPID infants who
underwent repeat sweat testing in the first year of life. Methods: This
multicentre, prospective study analysed clinical data and outcomes in
CRMS/CFSPID infants born between September 1, 2018 and December 31,
2019, and followed until June 30, 2020. All subjects underwent CF
transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene sequencing and the
search for CFTR macrodeletions/macroduplications, and repeat sweat
testing in the first year of life. Results: Fifty subjects (median age
at end of follow-up, 16 months [range, 7–21 months]) were enrolled.
Forty-one (82%) had the first sweat chloride in the intermediate range.
During follow up, 150 sweat tests were performed (range, 1–7/infant).
After a median follow-up of 8.5 months (range 1–16.2 months), 11 (22%)
subjects were definitively diagnosed as follows: CF (n=2 [4%]) at 2
and 5 months, respectively; healthy carrier (n=8 [16%]), at a
median age of 4 months (range 2–8 months); and healthy (n=1 [2%])
at 2 months of age. Inconclusive diagnosis remained in 39 (78%)
infants. Conclusions: Early repeat sweat testing in the first year of
life can shorten the time to definitive diagnosis in screening positive
subjects with initial sweat chloride levels in the intermediate range.
Nonfinancial Measures and Fraud Risk: Evaluating Investors' Reactions to Greater Transparency
Authors: Brazel Joseph F. , Carpenter Tina D. , Jones Keith L. , Thayer Jane M.
Published: May 2021

We examine whether increased transparency in the comparison of financial measures and nonfinancial measures (NFMs) influences nonprofessional investors' reactions to the risk of fraudulent financial reporting. We consider a comparison of key financial measures and NFMs to be transparent when the relevant information is presented in close proximity and formatted to provide an easy comparison of the individual measures. We manipulate the presence of an NFM red flag and the transparency of the comparison of financial measures and NFMs. We find that when the NFM red flag is present (i.e., higher fraud risk) and transparent, investors choose lower investment levels. However, without increased transparency, as is typical in the current reporting environment, we observe that investors are more likely to increase their investment levels in firms with elevated fraud risk. Additionally, we observe that the effect of transparency on investment levels is driven by investors with greater investing experience.

Data Availability: Contact the authors.

JEL Classifications: M40; M41; M48.
Valoración de la herramienta Google Drive durante el trabajo colaborativo universitario
Authors: Rangel Romero Miguel Ángel , Íñiguez Carrillo Adriana Lorena , López Villalvazo Abraham Jair
Published: May 2021

El objetivo de esta investigación, cuyo enfoque fue descriptivo y transversal, se enfocó  en conocer la opinión de estudiantes universitarios sobre su experiencia al utilizar Google Drive para trabajar de manera colaborativa. El tema abordado con dicha estrategia colaborativa fue la elaboración del planteamiento del problema de una investigación, apartado constituido por la contextualización del tema, su justificación y las preguntas y objetivos de investigación. Los participantes fueron alumnos inscritos en las asignaturas Metodología y Práctica de la Investigación de la licenciatura en Negocios Internacionales (LINI) y Metodología de la Investigación de la carrera de Médico Cirujano Partero (MCP) del ciclo escolar 19-B (antes de la pandemia covid-19) en el Centro Universitario del Sur (CUSur). Los resultados demuestran que Google Drive resultó de gran ayuda para desarrollar cada una de las tareas indicadas. De hecho, los alumnos identificaron como atractivo su uso, pues al poder compartir y modificar documentos en la nube pudieron vencer las barreras de los horarios y de la presencia física.
Capacity increasing of arterial streets with controlled motion
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Hrytsun Oleh , Bura Romana ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: May 2021

The problem of capacity increasing of arterial streets with controlled motion is investigated in this paper. For investigation, sections between intersections on the road network of Lviv city were chosen at their different length and roadway width with most saturated traffic. Methods of capacity increasing of arterial streets with controlled motion and factors that have impact on the capacity reduction are analyzed. Capacity of intersections at different volume-capacity ratios is determined. The distribution of average speed for sections between intersections of different length is built. It is established that on sections of medium length between signalized intersections and the high volume-capacity ratio, the speed of traffic flow does not reach maximum values. It is possible to increase the speed and the capacity of sections between intersections by increasing their length, sufficient for flow acceleration to the maximal constant speed and further braking before the intersection. To determinate the recommended speed of movement on arterial directions, road conditions are taken into account, which are formed with simultaneous impact of several factors: volume-capacity ratio of intersection in braking zone, volume-capacity ratio of intersection in acceleration zone, the number of lanes, the length of the section between intersections and the average speed of the traffic flow. It is determined that the average speed of traffic flow on short sections between intersections (the length less than 300 m) is 27 – 33 km/h, on sections of medium length – 35 – 38 km/h/ Such speed will allow to traffic flow reaching the line of constant movement in given road conditions. Conducted research allows taking into account road traffic conditions while justifying the calculating speed of traffic flow, in result of which capacity of arterial streets of controlled motion increases.
Analysis of calculating level of service for pedestrians
Authors:   MG Logistics Inc, Prykhodko Vsevolod , Vikovych Ihor ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: May 2021

In this paper, several methods of the assessment of pedestrian objects operation based on the level of service are reviewed. Today, there is a problem that should be assessed, particularly how pedestrian paths respond the level of service. Assessment of this level is the most widespread method of determination the objects` quality that relate to the pedestrian operations. Places, where a significant probability of conflict between different flows and their users, are often called intersections. Moreover, on such intersections, particularly with complex road conditions and on which the movement of cyclists, cars, and different vehicles is present, road users face with complicated situations when every of them should be sure in his safety and forecast further actions and decisions of other road users. The most widespread and generally accepted methods of assessment of level of service on pedestrian path, particularly: Highway capacity manual 2000 method, Australian method, method of the trip quality, Landice model and common approach analysis. Vehicles, signal delay, and interaction of pedestrians and cyclists were determined as the main factors that have impact on the level of service of pedestrians at the intersections. Analysis of different methods in the paper allows assessing and identifying the level of service determining the characteristics that could help in solving the questions concerning the comfort of pedestrian movement. In the range of these methods, the principles of vehicles movement and interaction with pedestrians are also reviewed. Other methods relate more to the design of the objects of pedestrian environment than factual movement of pedestrians. To form the whole understanding of the methodology of determination of the level of service of pedestrian objects, we should analyze and compare the values, obtained by different methods.
The Integral View
Authors: Sreenivasan Gopal
Published: May 2021

This chapter defends the view that a virtuous character trait is, in a sense, a modified emotion trait. It explains a particular conception of the role that emotion plays in virtue, a role that must be recognised by any moral psychological account of virtue that is both adequate and complete. It also examines the role that emotion plays in enabling an agent to pass the 'central test' of virtue and describes the role assigned to emotion in virtue that is at best secondary or peripheral. The chapter identifies specific virtues, such as generosity, courage, and kindness. It rejects the reciprocity of the virtues and discusses individual disunified virtues, considering several distinct virtues as unified.
Strategic Instincts
Authors: Johnson Dominic D. P.
Published: May 2021

A widespread assumption in political science and international relations is that cognitive biases — quirks of the brain we all share as human beings — are detrimental and responsible for policy failures, disasters, and wars. This book challenges this assumption, explaining that these nonrational behaviors can actually support favorable results in international politics and contribute to political and strategic success. By studying past examples, the book considers the ways that cognitive biases act as “strategic instincts,” lending a competitive edge in policy decisions, especially under conditions of unpredictability and imperfect information. Drawing from evolutionary theory and behavioral sciences, the book looks at three influential cognitive biases — overconfidence, the fundamental attribution error, and in-group/out-group bias. It then examines the advantageous as well as the detrimental effects of these biases through historical case studies of the American Revolution, the Munich Crisis, and the Pacific campaign in World War II. The book acknowledges the dark side of biases — when confidence becomes hubris, when attribution errors become paranoia, and when group bias becomes prejudice. Ultimately, it makes a case for a more nuanced understanding of the causes and consequences of cognitive biases and argues that in the complex world of international relations, strategic instincts can, in the right context, guide better performance. The book shows how an evolutionary perspective can offer the crucial next step in bringing psychological insights to bear on foundational questions in international politics.
Know Your Enemy
Authors: Johnson Dominic D. P.
Published: May 2021

This chapter delves into the British perceptions of Adolf Hitler's intentions in the 1930s. It offers a reverse case, in which those in power maintained beliefs opposite to those predicted by the fundamental attribution error (FAE). It also mentions Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, who strongly resisted attributing dispositional causes to Hitler's behavior and instead emphasized situational causes, noting the German desire to redress the restrictions of the Treaty of Versailles, attain territorial security, and unite the German-speaking people. The chapter recounts how Chamberlain continued to give Hitler the benefit of the doubt in the face of mounting contradictory evidence, which lead to the disastrous policy of appeasement and the Munich Crisis of 1938. It talks about other actors whose beliefs aligned with the FAE that insisted that Hitler was acting out of offensive intentions to expand German power and vigorously opposed appeasement.
Overkill
Authors: Johnson Dominic D. P.
Published: May 2021

This chapter considers an important caveat about the adaptive advantages of cognitive biases and looks at the argument that biases can be advantageous as long as they are manifested in appropriate settings and in moderation. It notes biases that become extreme or arise in the wrong contexts that are liable to be counterproductive and result in disaster. It also emphasizes how human cognitive biases are not extreme, but instead are tendencies that marginally steer behavior in some particular way and vary from person to person and situation to situation. The chapter considers how strong biases should be effective when the consequences become overbearing. It explores the red lines beyond which strategic instincts go too far by revisiting the Pacific campaign in World War II.
Pilgrimage to Mid-Republican Rome
Authors: Peralta Dan-el Padilla
Published: May 2021

This chapter examines the relationship between religiously motivated mobility and the exchange of knowledge and information, using quantitative models and social network analysis. It argues that pilgrimage to participate in cult at Rome was yet another lever by which the mid-Republican res publica bootstrapped itself into statehood. The burnishing of Rome's credentials as a destination for pilgrimage followed closely on the heels of the cresting popularity of a specific brand of religious observance in mid-Republican central Italy, the healing cults that “formed a religious infrastructure that transcended political boundaries.” Although the interaction between premodern state formation and intercultural pilgrimage has surfaced on the radar of scholars working in other periods and regions, few studies of the middle Republic grant much space or recognition to this cultural process. However, mid-Republican Rome was not unlike other imperial cities in its reliance on monumentality to elicit and sustain waves of pilgrimage. The chapter then identifies where in the material record these waves can be detected and their impact gauged.
Champagne Capitalism
Authors: Todd David
Published: May 2021

This chapter highlights the extent of French economic success in the mid-nineteenth century, providing a deeper understanding of the sources of French imperial expansion. The French empire of taste was not a purely capitalistic enterprise. It pursued profit, but also power and prestige. The chapter explores the cultural, political, and economic origins of French specialization in the provision of luxury and semi-luxury commodities, in order to understand how it helped France regain imperial status after 1815. By reconciling economic modernity with the preservation of firm hierarchies, French conspicuous commodities exercised a special kind of fascination on foreign elites and facilitated collaboration with other imperial and indigenous powers. The act of turning economic gains into global political advantages was especially overt during the Second Napoleonic Empire, and the latter's downfall contributed to the eventual decline of the empire of taste after 1870.
Public Libraries, Modern Nations
Authors: Miller Nicola
Published: May 2021

This chapter mentions the Liberators that took time out from their military campaigns to attend to the creation of major public libraries during the wars of independence between 1808 and 1826. It describes the libraries as one of the first institutions to be founded that were located close to the centre of political power in the cities. It also discusses individuals of varied political views that saw libraries as both symbol and source of universal enlightenment, noting General José de San Martín, who declared libraries to be more powerful than armies for protecting the embryonic political communities. The chapter refers to Simón Bolívar, who instigated a public library in Caracas in 1814 and intervened to ensure that Lima's library was restored in 1823 and 1824. It elaborates how libraries fulfilled a central role in social self definition as touchstones of what was meant by lo público and lo nacional.
Repertoires of Knowledge
Authors: Miller Nicola
Published: May 2021

This chapter highlights public institutions, practical knowledge, and popular enlightenment as the prescription for a virtuous and prosperous community everywhere. It looks at periodicals of the 1810s and 1820s that were full of artes, industrias y ciencias (arts and crafts, manufacturing industries, and scientific subjects) and conocimientos útiles (useful knowledge). It also cites that Buenos Aires presented a unique opportunity to create institutions of learning tailored to republican nation-building. The chapter reviews well-known political and economic difficulties of the half century after independence that played a major part in explaining why the founding ambitions to create a modern educational system were not realised during those years. It looks at the exchanges between Cosme Argerich and Juan Crisóstomo Lafinur, which underlines the epistemological crisis created by the wars of independence and other varieties of crisis.
Land and Territory
Authors: Miller Nicola
Published: May 2021

This chapter explains that the arrival of lithography in the 1820s made it possible to illustrate printed matter with beautiful scenic engravings. It analyses the evocations of distinctive natural phenomena that constituted a rare element of continuity between the creole patriotism of the late eighteenth century and the post-independence debates about the future. It also discusses how utility and utopianism were enfolded into investigations of the biblical and secular paradise of American nature. The chapter cites how Bello's famous Ode to Tropical Agriculture summoned its audience to live out the freedom won by independence through working the soil, exhorting them not to let the prodigious bounty of tropical fruits lure them into sterile idleness. It mentions that the Argentine anthem mapped out the battlegrounds where liberty had been won, and the Chilean anthem celebrated the clarity of the sky, the tranquillity of the sea, and the majesty of the mountains.
How Civic Action Works
Authors: Lichterman Paul
Published: May 2021

This book renews the tradition of inquiry into collective, social problem-solving. The book follows grassroots activists, nonprofit organization staff, and community service volunteers in three coalitions and twelve organizations in Los Angeles as they campaign for affordable housing, develop new housing, or address homelessness. The book shows that to understand how social advocates build their campaigns, craft claims, and choose goals, we need to move beyond well-established thinking about what is strategic. The book presents a pragmatist-inspired sociological framework that illuminates core tasks of social problem-solving by grassroots and professional advocates alike. It reveals that advocates' distinct styles of collective action produce different understandings of what is strategic, and generate different dilemmas for advocates because each style accommodates varying social and institutional pressures. We see, too, how patterns of interaction create a cultural filter that welcomes some claims about housing problems while subordinating or delegitimating others. These cultural patterns help solve conceptual and practical puzzles, such as why coalitions fragment when members agree on many things, and what makes advocacy campaigns separate housing from homelessness or affordability from environmental sustainability. The book concludes by turning this action-centered framework toward improving dialogue between social advocates and researchers.
Conclusion
Authors: Lichterman Paul
Published: May 2021

This concluding chapter presents the practical findings on coalitions and social advocacy. It argues that civic action is not intrinsically good or bad, polite or risky, enlightened or reactive, humane or hateful. Neither is it necessarily a substitute for governmental action; in the United States, growth in civic action has accompanied growth in governmental initiatives. Civic action comes with no guarantees. Los Angeles housing advocates fought for more power over decisions about housing made, or allowed, by local government and private developers. When governments institute new policies to address social problems, such as through affordable housing mandates, it is often because of the pressure of civic action. Yet civic action is not necessarily always “progressive.” Sometimes people engage collective problem-solving with the goal of reducing citizen steering power.