bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social sciences and humanities research funded under the European Union Sixth Framework Programme (2002–2006): a long-term assessment of projects, acknowledgements and publications
Authors: Ardanuy Jordi , Arguimbau Llorenç , Borrego Ángel
Published: October 2022

The Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development are funding programmes created by the European Union to support and foster research. This study aims to describe the features and assess the performance of Social Sciences and Humanities research projects funded under the Sixth Framework Programme that was active between 2002 and 2006. The results show that most funded projects were in the fields of economics and political sciences, in line with the use of the Framework Programme to enhance economic development and the integration process in Europe. Research teams showed a high level of collaboration with an average of 7.8 countries and 10.8 institutions involved in each project. However, the large size and diversity of consortia did not translate into a large number of co-authored scholarly journal articles. The results show that research funds in the Social Sciences and Humanities may have long-term effects, with some outputs acknowledging funding being published more than a decade after the end of the project. Qualitative analysis of the acknowledgements in the articles revealed four types of support: direct funding; utilisation of results from former funded projects as the basis for further research; involvement in conferences and networks resulting from funded projects; and utilisation of datasets or other products resulting from former funded projects. The study also illustrates the difficulties in retrieving the outputs resulting from funded projects since the funding information in Scopus is heterogeneous and not standardised. As a result, the type of assessment conducted in this project is time-consuming and requires a significant amount of manpower to clean and standardise the data. Nevertheless, the procedure could be applied to analyse the performance of subsequent European Framework Programmes in building a European Research Area in the Social Sciences and Humanities.
Amping up quantum computing technologies
Authors: Lim Alane
Published: October 2022

Presto, an all-digital microwave instrument, improves scalability of qubit systems
Digging out structural changes of surrounded proteins
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: October 2022

Modeling when micelles surrounding membrane proteins can be ignored as well as when — and how — they must be dealt with during time-resolved X-ray solution scattering.
Stuck on mussel adhesion
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: October 2022

A better understanding of the molecules and interactions involved in the underwater adhesion of marine organisms could help develop new biomimetic adhesives.
Modeling difference x-ray scattering observations from an integral membrane protein within a detergent micelle
Authors: Sarabi Daniel , Ostojić Lucija , Bosman Robert , Vallejos Adams , Linse Johanna-Barbara , Wulff Michael , Levantino Matteo , Neutze Richard
Published: October 2022

Time-resolved x-ray solution scattering (TR-XSS) is a sub-field of structural biology, which observes secondary structural changes in proteins as they evolve along their functional pathways. While the number of distinct conformational states and their rise and decay can be extracted directly from TR-XSS experimental data recorded from light-sensitive systems, structural modeling is more challenging. This step often builds from complementary structural information, including secondary structural changes extracted from crystallographic studies or molecular dynamics simulations. When working with integral membrane proteins, another challenge arises because x-ray scattering from the protein and the surrounding detergent micelle interfere and these effects should be considered during structural modeling. Here, we utilize molecular dynamics simulations to explicitly incorporate the x-ray scattering cross term between a membrane protein and its surrounding detergent micelle when modeling TR-XSS data from photoactivated samples of detergent solubilized bacteriorhodopsin. This analysis provides theoretical foundations in support of our earlier approach to structural modeling that did not explicitly incorporate this cross term and improves agreement between experimental data and theoretical predictions at lower x-ray scattering angles.
Making the invisible visible—ultrashort echo time magnetic resonance imaging: Technical developments and applications
Authors: Ma Yajun , Jang Hyungseok , Jerban Saeed , Chang Eric Y , Chung Christine B , Bydder Graeme M , Du Jiang
Published: October 2022

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses a large magnetic field and radio waves to generate images of tissues in the body. Conventional MRI techniques have been developed to image and quantify tissues and fluids with long transverse relaxation times (T2s), such as muscle, cartilage, liver, white matter, gray matter, spinal cord, and cerebrospinal fluid. However, the body also contains many tissues and tissue components such as the osteochondral junction, menisci, ligaments, tendons, bone, lung parenchyma, and myelin, which have short or ultrashort T2s. After radio frequency excitation, their transverse magnetizations typically decay to zero or near zero before the receiving mode is enabled for spatial encoding with conventional MR imaging. As a result, these tissues appear dark, and their MR properties are inaccessible. However, when ultrashort echo times (UTEs) are used, signals can be detected from these tissues before they decay to zero. This review summarizes recent technical developments in UTE MRI of tissues with short and ultrashort T2 relaxation times. A series of UTE MRI techniques for high-resolution morphological and quantitative imaging of these short-T2 tissues are discussed. Applications of UTE imaging in the musculoskeletal, nervous, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular systems of the body are included.
Regular non-semisimple Dubrovin–Frobenius manifolds
Authors: Lorenzoni Paolo , Perletti Sara
Published: October 2022

We study regular non-semisimple Dubrovin–Frobenius manifolds in dimensions 2, 3, and 4. Our results rely on the existence of special local coordinates introduced by David and Hertling [Ann. Sc. Norm. Super. Pisa, Cl. Sci. 17(5), 1121–1152 (2017)] for regular flat F-manifolds endowed with an Euler vector field. In such coordinates, the invariant metric of the Dubrovin–Frobenius manifold takes a special form, which is the starting point of our construction. We give a complete classification in the case where the Jordan canonical form of the operator of multiplication by the Euler vector field has a single Jordan block, and we reduce the classification problem to a third-order ordinary differential equation and to a system of third-order PDEs in the remaining three-dimensional and four-dimensional cases. In all the cases, we provide explicit examples of Dubrovin–Frobenius potentials.
Measurement and control of a superconducting quantum processor with a fully integrated radio-frequency system on a chip
Authors: Tholén Mats O. , Borgani Riccardo , Di Carlo Giuseppe Ruggero , Bengtsson Andreas , Križan Christian , Kudra Marina , Tancredi Giovanna , Bylander Jonas , Delsing Per , Gasparinetti Simone , Haviland David B.
Published: October 2022

We describe a digital microwave platform called Presto, designed for measurement and control of multiple quantum bits (qubits) and based on the third-generation radio-frequency system on a chip. Presto uses direct digital synthesis to create signals up to 9 GHz on 16 synchronous output ports, while synchronously analyzing responses on 16 input ports. Presto has 16 DC-bias outputs, four inputs and four outputs for digital triggers or markers, and two continuous-wave outputs for synthesizing frequencies up to 15 GHz. Scaling to a large number of qubits is enabled through deterministic synchronization of multiple Presto units. A Python application programming interface configures a firmware for synthesis and analysis of pulses, coordinated by an event sequencer. The analysis integrates template matching (matched filtering) and low-latency (184–254 ns) feedback to enable a wide range of multi-qubit experiments. We demonstrate Presto’s capabilities with experiments on a sample consisting of two superconducting qubits connected via a flux-tunable coupler. We show single-shot readout and active reset of a single qubit; randomized benchmarking of single-qubit gates showing 99.972% fidelity, limited by the coherence time of the qubit; and calibration of a two-qubit iSWAP gate.
A new class of variable-radii diffraction optics for high-resolution x-ray spectroscopy at the National Ignition Facility (invited)
Authors: Pablant N. A. , Bitter M. , Gao L. , Dozieres M. , Efthimion P. C. , Frisch G. , Hill K. W. , Hordin T. , Kozioziemski B. , Krygier A. , MacDonald M. J. , Ose N. , Ping Y. , Sagan D. , Schneider M. B. , Sio H. , Stoupin S. , Yakusevitch Y.
Published: October 2022

A new class of crystal shapes has been developed for x-ray spectroscopy of point-like or small (a few mm) emission sources. These optics allow for dramatic improvement in both achievable energy resolution and total throughput of the spectrometer as compared with traditional designs. This class of crystal shapes, collectively referred to as the Variable-Radii Spiral (VR-Spiral), utilize crystal shapes in which both the major and minor radii are variable. A crystal using this novel VR-Spiral shape has now been fabricated for high-resolution Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) experiments targeting the Pb-L3 (13.0 keV) absorption edge at the National Ignition Facility. The performance of this crystal has been characterized in the laboratory using a microfocus x-ray source, showing that high-resolution high-throughput EXAFS spectra can be acquired using this geometry. Importantly, these successful tests show that the complex three-dimensional crystal shape is manufacturable with the required precision needed to realize the expected performance of better than 5 eV energy resolution while using a 30 mm high crystal. An improved generalized mathematical form for VR-Spiral shapes is also presented allowing improved optimization as compared to the first sinusoidal-spiral based design. This new formulation allows VR-Spiral spectrometers to be designed at any magnification with optimized energy resolution at all energies within the spectrometer bandwidth.
Design of a flexing organ-chip to model in situ loading of the intervertebral disc
Authors: McKinley Jonathan P. , Montes Andre R. , Wang Maple N. , Kamath Anuya R. , Jimenez Gissell , Lim Jianhua , Marathe Siddharth A. , Mofrad Mohammad R. K. , O’Connell Grace D.
Published: October 2022

The leading cause of disability of all ages worldwide is severe lower back pain. To address this untreated epidemic, further investigation is needed into the leading cause of back pain, intervertebral disc degeneration. In particular, microphysiological systems modeling critical tissues in a degenerative disc, like the annulus fibrosus (AF), are needed to investigate the effects of complex multiaxial strains on AF cells. By replicating these mechanobiological effects unique to the AF that are not yet understood, we can advance therapies for early-stage degeneration at the cellular level. To this end, we designed, fabricated, and collected proof-of-concept data for a novel microphysiological device called the flexing annulus-on-a-chip (AoC). We used computational models and experimental measurements to characterize the device’s ability to mimic complex physiologically relevant strains. As a result, these strains proved to be controllable, multi-directional, and uniformly distributed with magnitudes ranging from −10% to 12% in the axial, radial, and circumferential directions, which differ greatly from applied strains possible in uniaxial devices. Furthermore, after withstanding accelerated life testing (66 K cycles of 10% strain) and maintaining 2000 bovine AF cells without loading for more than three weeks the AoC proved capable of long-term cell culture. Additionally, after strain (3.5% strain for 75 cycles at 0.5 Hz) was applied to a monolayer of AF cells in the AoC, a population remained adhered to the channel with spread morphology. The AoC can also be tailored for other annular structures in the body such as cardiovascular vessels, lymphatic vessels, and the cervix.
Structural and electronic properties of SrCuO2+δ thin films
Authors: Hadjimichael Marios , Waelchli Adrien , Mundet Bernat , McKeown Walker Siobhan , De Luca Gabriele , Herrero-Martín Javier , Gibert Marta , Gariglio Stefano , Triscone Jean-Marc
Published: October 2022

The layered structure of superconducting cuprates is considered to be a key ingredient to achieve high superconducting transition temperatures. In this work, we investigate the possibility of doping the SrCuO2 infinite-layer compound by inserting additional oxygen into its structure. We observe that the infinite-layer SrCuO2 structure is epitaxially stabilized in thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition in pure O2. Increasing the oxidizing power by introducing ozone during the growth leads to a different phase with an elongated c axis. Scanning transmission electron microscopy analysis suggests that the films with an elongated c axis are composed of SrCuO2.5 blocks separated by SrCuO2 layers arranged to match the substrate spacing. X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements show that this SrCuO2+δ phase is associated with a more isotropic Cu orbital configuration and hole doping. This hole doping leads to a dramatic reduction in the resistivity of the films, with a magnitude that depends on the precise oxygen content in the structure.
Low-initial-energy muon acceleration in beam-driven plasma wakefield using a plasma density down-ramp
Authors: Jiang You-Ge , Wang Xiao-Nan , Lan Xiao-Fei , Huang Yong-Sheng
Published: October 2022

The muon plays a key role in the field of particle physics and applied physics. To build the neutrino factories or muon colliders, high-quality muon sources are needed. At present, we can only get the low-flux cosmic-ray muons and low-energy accelerator-generated muons. The key issue about accelerating a low-initial-energy muon beam in the plasma wakefield driven by an electron beam is the phase matching between muons and a wakefield. A plasma density down-ramp is considered as an effective method for accelerating a low-initial-energy muon beam, and the decreasing phase velocity at the back edge of the wakefield can lower the muon trapped energy threshold. A 100 MeV muon beam can be accelerated to 6.21 GeV in the plasma wakefield based on a negative plasma density gradient. The trapping and accelerating process can be controlled by adjusting the parameters of the density down-ramp.
Control of magnetoelastic coupling in Ni/Fe multilayers using He+ ion irradiation
Authors: Masciocchi G. , van der Jagt J. W. , Syskaki M.-A. , Lamperti A. , Wolff N. , Lotnyk A. , Langer J. , Kienle L. , Jakob G. , Borie B. , Kehlberger A. , Ravelosona D. , Kläui M.
Published: October 2022

This study reports the effects of post-growth He+ irradiation on the magneto-elastic properties of a Ni/Fe multi-layered stack. The progressive intermixing caused by He+ irradiation at the interfaces of the multilayer allows us to tune the saturation magnetostriction value with increasing He+ fluences and even to induce a reversal of the sign of the magnetostrictive effect. Additionally, the critical fluence at which the absolute value of the magnetostriction is dramatically reduced is identified. Therefore, insensitivity to strain of the magnetic stack is nearly reached, as required for many applications. All the above-mentioned effects are attributed to the combination of the negative saturation magnetostriction of sputtered Ni and Fe layers and the positive magnetostriction of the NixFe1−x alloy at the intermixed interfaces, whose contribution is gradually increased with irradiation. Importantly, the irradiation does not alter the layer polycrystalline structure, confirming that post-growth He+ ion irradiation is an excellent tool to tune the magneto-elastic properties of multilayer samples. An alternative class of spintronic devices can be envisioned with a material treatment able to arbitrary change the magnetostriction with ion-induced “magnetic patterning.”
Forecasting macroscopic dynamics in adaptive Kuramoto network using reservoir computing
Authors: Andreev Andrey V. , Badarin Artem A. , Maximenko Vladimir A. , Hramov Alexander E.
Published: October 2022

Forecasting a system’s behavior is an essential task encountering the complex systems theory. Machine learning offers supervised algorithms, e.g., recurrent neural networks and reservoir computers that predict the behavior of model systems whose states consist of multidimensional time series. In real life, we often have limited information about the behavior of complex systems. The brightest example is the brain neural network described by the electroencephalogram. Forecasting the behavior of these systems is a more challenging task but provides a potential for real-life application. Here, we trained reservoir computer to predict the macroscopic signal produced by the network of phase oscillators. The Lyapunov analysis revealed the chaotic nature of the signal and reservoir computer failed to forecast it. Augmenting the feature space using Takkens’ theorem improved the quality of forecasting. RC achieved the best prediction score when the number of signals coincided with the embedding dimension estimated via the nearest false neighbors method. We found that short-time prediction required a large number of features, while long-time prediction utilizes a limited number of features. These results refer to the bias-variance trade-off, an important concept in machine learning.
Seebeck effect in a nanometer-scale dot in a Si nanowire observed with electron counting statistics
Authors: Chida Kensaku , Fujiwara Akira , Nishiguchi Katsuhiko
Published: October 2022

We performed electron counting statistics to measure the thermoelectric effect in a nanometer-scale silicon dot. To separate the 100-nm-long dot from a silicon nanowire, we used an electrostatically created 30-nm-long energy barrier. By measuring current through a nearby sensor, we observed the random motion of single electrons between the dot and silicon nanowire. The statistics of single-electron motion provides us with information on temperature and voltage at the dot. Under the detailed balance assumption, we determined the temperature difference and the Seebeck voltage between the dot and silicon nanowire. The validity of our analysis was confirmed by observing the energy-barrier height dependence of the Seebeck coefficient. Furthermore, by counting the electrons leaving the dot, a minute output power on the order of sub-zeptowatt from the dot to the silicon nanowire was estimated.
The features of surface charging on rectangle mask holes in plasma etching
Authors: Zhang Peng , Li Dengmei
Published: October 2022

In the plasma etching technique, acquiring a high-quality transfer from the mask pattern onto the substrate under the suppression of the charging effects is of great significance. Most previous publications only focus on studying the charging phenomena on round mask holes. This work shifted the target to an isolated rectangle mask hole and two types of mask arrays (quadrangle and hexagonal arrays). A classical particle simulation program was used. This study first shows that rectangle holes with various ratios of length and width present different electric field (E-field) strength distribution around the long and short sides. The larger the ratio, the stronger the E-field in the long side is than that in the short one. In addition, the E-field shows a quite weak distribution at the vertexes, which is due to the low curvature of the vertexes. Based on the evolutions of E-field and the simulated profile with time, it is indicated that ions would give priority to bombard the long side rather than the short side and vertexes, forcing the sides to deform outward as arcs. Unlike an isolated mask hole, the mask array has a remarkable influence on the charging effects in case of the close distance between holes. Simply put, the quadrangle and hexagonal arrays relieve and worsen the non-uniformity of the distribution of the E-field at the edge of a rectangle mask hole, respectively. The simulated profile evolution further proves those speculations based on the E-field distribution. Possible mechanisms behind this have been discussed in detail. The findings of this work help arrange an appropriate mask pattern according to the specific mask shape, which would shed light on a way of maintaining the pattern integrity.
On the turbulent boundary layer over a flat plate at moderate Reynolds numbers
Authors: Scarano Francesco , Jacob Marc C. , Carbonneau Xavier , Gowree Erwin R.
Published: October 2022

Two separate experimental campaigns of a spatially developing turbulent boundary layer under approximately zero-pressure-gradient at moderate Reynolds numbers (1700<Reθ<3400) are conducted with stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and one component Hot Wire Anemometry. This range of Reynolds numbers is found to be of particular interest for turbulent boundary layer control investigations. The motivations behind this work rely on the lack of recent studies that provide a rigorous experimental database on a flat plate turbulent boundary layer, openly available online. This is critical as, in most of the cases, the modification of the statistics resulting from turbulent boundary layer control strategies are compared with a smooth baseline reference. The statistics of the velocity fields, obtained with the two techniques, show a good match with the direct numerical simulation in literature results. We focused on the skin friction evaluation by means of Clauser's chart technique. The near wall turbulence activity and the associated coherent structures are investigated by means of the Variable Interval Time Averaging technique using the hot wire signal. The influence of the acquisition and algorithm parameters as well as the effect of the Reynolds number are reported. The logarithmic and outer structures are investigated by applying the Uniform Momentum Zones technique to the PIV dataset. The hierarchical distribution of the uniform momentum zones as a function of the wall distance as well as their variation with the Reynolds number confirm the validity of the attached eddy model even at the moderate Reynolds numbers of the current investigation.
Hard seed breakdown patterns of serradella (Ornithopus spp.) in two contrasting environments of south-eastern Australia
Authors: Newell Matthew T. , Haling Rebecca E. , Hayes Richard C. , Stefanski Adam , Li Guangdi D. , Simpson Richard J.
Published: October 2022

Context There is interest in using serradella (Ornithopus spp.) in permanent pastures of the high rainfall zone of south-eastern Australia. However, there is little information concerning levels of hardseededness or patterns of seed softening in these environments. Aim This study quantified seed softening of serradella species in comparison with subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) in the Southern Tablelands and Central Slopes districts of eastern Australia. Methods Mature seeds were placed in mesh pouches on the soil surface and were retrieved periodically to assess residual hard seed proportions throughout the growing season(s) in four experiments conducted over 2018 and 2019. Key results Patterns of seed softening among adapted cultivars of subterranean clover were consistent: initially high proportions of hard seed, followed by rapid softening from mid-summer to the end of autumn with the remnant portion of seeds remaining hard. In contrast, diverse patterns of seed softening were observed among serradella cultivars, ranging from highly soft-seeded through to high initial hard seed portions that either softened rapidly or softened over a lengthy period. Rates of seed softening were faster in the warmer/drier environment of Cowra compared to the wetter/cooler environment of Canberra. Conclusions The study revealed seed softening patterns among serradellas to be diverse and different to subterranean clover. This will affect management and suitability of serradella cultivars for permanent pastures. Implications In permanent pastures, serradellas that soften slowly over several years are likely to have limited regeneration in the year after pasture establishment with a high potential for weed invasion.
Maternal nutrition and developmental programming of offspring
Authors: Reynolds Lawrence P. , Diniz Wellison J. S. , Crouse Matthew S. , Caton Joel S. , Dahlen Carl R. , Borowicz Pawel P. , Ward Alison K.
Published: October 2022

Developmental programming is the concept that ‘stressors’ during development (i.e. pregnancy, the perinatal period and infancy) can cause long-term changes in gene expression, leading to altered organ structure and function. Such long-term changes are associated with an increased risk of a host of chronic pathologies, or non-communicable diseases including abnormal growth and body composition, behavioural or cognitive dysfunction, metabolic abnormalities, and cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, immune, musculoskeletal and reproductive dysfunction. Maternal nutrition during the periconceptual period, pregnancy and postnatally can have profound influences on the developmental program. Animal models, including domestic livestock species, have been important for defining the mechanisms and consequences of developmental programming. One of the important observations is that maternal nutritional status and other maternal stressors (e.g. environmental temperature, high altitude, maternal age and breed, multiple fetuses, etc.) early in pregnancy and even periconceptually can affect not only embryonic/fetal development but also placental development. Indeed, altered placental function may underlie the effects of many maternal stressors on fetal growth and development. We suggest that future directions should focus on the consequences of developmental programming during the offspring’s life course and for subsequent generations. Other important future directions include evaluating interventions, such as strategic dietary supplementation, and also determining how we can take advantage of the positive, adaptive aspects of developmental programming.
Syntactic outcomes of socially (un)restricted bilingualism in Spain
Authors: Gondra Ager
Published: October 2022

The present study uses the apparent-time construct to analyze cross-generational variability of word order in unergative and unaccusative constructions in Basque (e.g., negar ein ‘to cry’ and heldu ‘to arrive’, respectively). It considers the results of an acceptability judgment as well as elicitation tasks carried out among two generations of Basque native speakers (55–75 years old, and 35–45 years old). Unlike the younger participants, the older participants lack the syntactic focus strategy. It is proposed that this lack among the older participants was conditioned by the socially restricted bilingualism that they experienced during the dictatorship of Francisco Franco (1939–1975), while the younger participants appeared to have acquired (i.e. recovered) the syntactic focus strategy because they experienced the legitimacy and vitality of Basque in public life and in formal education following the Normalization Law of 1982. Studies in Basque sociolinguistics have identified language changes through feature loss, dialectal leveling and contact-induced change, but no studies to date have identified the recovery of a previously lost syntactic structure.
Nigerian stand-up comediennes performing femininity
Authors: Filani Ibukun
Published: October 2022

Nigerian stand-up comedy has attracted several investigations from different disciplinary perspectives; however,
there has been little research interest into the performance of femininity in the genre. Coming from pragmatics, this paper
analyses how Nigerian comediennes use the language of humour to (de)construct sociocultural perspectives on the female identity.
Data comprise purposively selected routines of three female comics while Kecskes’
(2014) approach to intention serves as the theoretical framework. Comediennes employ different pragmatic strategies
that reference their intention to reinforce or challenge the traditional image of femininity. Analysis reveals comediennes perform
the popular perspectives on femininity, which are enshrined in the wider sociocultural context of the country.
Utility of the W´BAL model in training programme design for masters cyclists
Authors: Galán‐Rioja Miguel Ángel , González‐Mohíno Fernando , Skiba Philip Friere , González‐Ravé José María
Published: October 2022

The present study aims to determine the utility of integrating balance model (W´BAL‐INT) in designing interval training programmes as assessed by improvements in power output, critical power (CP), and W prime (W´) defined as the finite work capacity above CP. Fourteen male cyclists (age = 42 ± 7 yr, body mass = 69.6 ± 6.5 kg, height = 175 ± 5 cm, CP = 302 ± 32 W, relative CP = 4.35 ± 0.66 W·kg−1) were randomized into two training groups: Short‐Medium‐Long intervals (SML‐INT; n = 7) or Long intervals (L‐INT, n = 7) [training sessions separated by 72 h], along with 3–4 sessions of moderate intensity training per week, for 4 weeks. All sessions were designed to result in the complete depletion of the W´ as gauged by the W´BAL‐INT. CP and W´ were assessed using the specified efforts (i.e. 12, 7 and 3 min) and calculated with the 2‐parameter CP linear model. Training loads between the groups were compared using different metrics. CP improved in both the SML‐INT and L‐INT groups by 5 ± 4% and 6 ± 5% (p < 0.001) respectively, without significant changes in W´. Mean maximal power over 3, 7 and 12 min increased significantly in the SML‐INT group by 5%, 4% and 9%, (p < 0.05) without significant changes in the L‐INT group. There were no differences between groups in training zone distribution or training load using BikeScore and relative intensity, but there was significantly (p < 0.05) higher TRIMPS for the Long‐INT group. Therefore, W´BAL model may prove to be a useful tool for coaches to construct SML‐INT training programmes.
Integrable quenches in the Hubbard model
Authors: Rylands Colin , Bertini Bruno , Calabrese Pasquale
Published: October 2022

We study the quench dynamics of the one-dimensional Hubbard model through the quench action formalism. We introduce a class of integrable initial states—expressed as product states over two sites—for which we can provide an exact characterisation of the late-time regime. This is achieved by finding a closed-form expression for the overlaps between our states and the Bethe ansatz eigenstates, which we check explicitly in the limits of low densities and infinite repulsion. Our solution gives access to the stationary values attained by local observables (we show the explicit example of the density of doubly occupied sites) and the asymptotic entanglement dynamics directly in the thermodynamic limit. Interestingly, we find that for intermediate interaction strength Rényi entropies display a double-slope structure.
Influence of structural parameters of cartridge-type synchronous magnetic coupling on transmission performance
Authors: Yang Wen , Wu Rujun , Xu Zhongchao
Published: October 2022

The study of the structural parameters of the permanent magnet magnetic coupling is particularly important because they determine its transmission performance. In this paper, we first compare and analyze the results of theoretical calculation and simulation, and conclude that the calculation results of the 3D simulation model are closest to the actual situation. Maxwell software is used to study the effect of the cartridge type synchronous permanent magnet coupling on the transmitted torque at different working air gaps, permanent magnet thickness, yoke thickness, and aspect ratio under different pole numbers. The results show that: the increase of working air gap is not conducive to increasing the transmitted torque; the increase of permanent magnet thickness is beneficial to increase the transmitted torque, but the increase rate gradually decreases; the increase of yoke thickness has a small increase on the magnetic torque within a certain range, and the yoke thickness is slightly larger than the permanent magnet thickness is optimal; the increase of permanent magnet’s aspect ratio also increases the torque, and the torque density growth rate is the fastest when the aspect ratio is in the range of 0.5~0.7. Through the analysis, it is important for the design of synchronous magnetic coupling and other researches.
A Bionic pipe-crawling soft robot based on the pneumatic silicone actuator
Authors: Wan Jingjing , Sun Lechen , Du Tianhao , Yang feng
Published: October 2022

To realize the real-time monitoring of pipelines, this paper designs a pneumatic soft pipeline outer wall-crawling robot composed of OMCA (outer multi-cavity actuator) based on the motion of the inchworm. The robot consists of a torso and two pneumatic grippers. It is controlled by three air pumps and can realize pipeline linear motion. Use ABAQUS to perform finite element analysis on OMCA and measure its key geometric parameters under different pressure levels, and then test the robot’s kinematic performance. The movement speed of the robot on a pipe with a diameter of 10 cm is 0.3 mm/s.
Measurement error analysis and accuracy improvement method based on gateway meter
Authors: Chen Kaiming , Deng Siyang , Li Wenjing
Published: October 2022

As the accuracy of the gateway meter is affected by various disturbances, it is necessary to analyze those influence factors intuitively. This paper introduces the main factors affecting the measurement accuracy and further proposes the improvement methods of the gateway meter. The influence factors are mainly on the aspects of the analog circuit, temperature, harmonics and ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter), which will cause certain measurement error during the operation process of the gateway meter. Thus, the corresponding methods such as using high sampling rate of ADC and choosing appropriate voltage range are suggested to use. This paper provides a certain basis for improving the accuracy and reliability of the gateway meter.
A Performance Evaluation and Analysis Method for Multi-Rotor UAV under Actuator LOE
Authors: Zhang Zhenxin , Zhang Meng , Qin Shilong , Xu Chunxiao , Li Guoxi
Published: October 2022

Loss of Actuator Effectiveness (LOE) reduces the performance parameters of Multi-rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), which affects the reliability of the mission. However, in practice, researchers used to evaluate the performance of a UAV through lots of flight experiments or by experience, which is normally inefficient and costly. In order to evaluate the performance of UAVs, this paper presents a performance evaluation and analysis method under actuator LOE. First, models are established for the components of a propulsion system, mainly including actuators and batteries. Second, the performance evaluation problem is simplified and decomposed into two sub-problems. performance indices are established by kinetic analysis and then solved, considering the influence of actuator LOE and battery performance. Finally, based on the analysis results, the evaluation method is demonstrated in several cases. The results showed that the evaluation method is effective compared with the simulation results of www.flyeval.com/. In addition, LOE reduces the performance parameters of the UAV, which has a greater impact on the maximum flight speed and maximum cruising distance.
Analysis of hydraulic system’s weak fault based on variable parameter multi-scale permutation entropy and deep belief network
Authors: Jie Huang , Tao Fang , Chuanqi Cheng , Gaiyin Wu
Published: October 2022

Aiming at automatic recognition of hydraulic system’s weak fault, an analysis method based on variable parameter multi-scale permutation entropy (VPMPE) and deep belief network (DBN) is proposed in this paper. The external vibration signals of experimental hydraulic equipment in normal state and three different leakage state (slight, moderate and severe) are taken as research object. By the proposed method, experiment signals are first processed to obtain their multi-scale permutation entropy in different conditions by changing the embedding dimension m and the scale factor s, then the multi-scale permutation entropy under different m and s are combined to form feature vectors, and lastly the DBN classifier is used to identify and analyze the testing samples. Verification test shows that the proposed method has good effects on hydraulic system’s weak fault, which can accurately judge whether there is leakage fault and measure the fault severity.
Operation monitoring method of pipeline equipment in natural gas compressor station based on spiral microphone array
Authors: Cao Yongle , Peng Gongwei , Zhu Ming , Gao Jiahao , Li Quanrui , Li Honglie , Peng Taichong , Yuan Xiaojun , Guan Wenyong
Published: October 2022

The abnormal operating conditions of pipeline equipment in natural gas compressor station, such as gas pipeline leakage or equipment failure, lead to negative social impacts. To solve the current problem of untimely and inaccurate manual maintenance, this study proposes a 24/7 real-time method for monitoring the operation of pipeline equipment in natural gas compressor station based on a spiral microphone array. First, the Linearly Constrained Minimum Variance (LCMV) beamformer is used to enhance the signal in the target angle direction and suppress the interference in other directions. Then we train the support vector machine (SVM) model based on the station’s Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) feature dataset for diagnosis. The results show that the method is of great feasibility and reliability.
State Evaluation of Hoist Head Sheave Based on Fault Tree and Bayesian Network
Authors: Shi Zhiyuan , Cai Xiaowei , Ma Chi , Liu Mengyu
Published: October 2022

In order to evaluate the state of the head sheave of a coal mine hoist, this paper establishes a fault tree model for the head sheave, maps its fault tree to a Bayesian network model, calculates the risk score of each fault event and the state grade of the whole head sheave by using the reverse reasoning ability of the Bayesian network model, evaluates the state of the head wheel, provides a basis for the maintenance of the head sheave, and ensure the operation safety of hoisting system.
Simulation and Analysis of Planetary roller screw in Tree-climbing and Pruning robot
Authors: Zheng Hai , Yang Xi , Cai QiuShen , Wang JiChen , Li WenHui
Published: October 2022

Planetary roller screw is an important part of tree-climbing and pruning robot, and its vibration directly affects the safety of the whole machine. The ideality model of planetary roller screw was established based on TRIZ theory, which verified that the excellent performance of planetary roller screw was better than sliding screw and ball screw to a certain extent. The three-dimensional model was built by Proe, and the virtual prototype was built by ADAMS. The roller rotation speed and nut translation speed obtained by kinematics simulation were completely consistent with the theoretical value, which verified the accuracy of the virtual prototype. The natural frequency and vibration mode of planetary roller screw were obtained by ANSYS modal analysis. In practical applications, the natural frequencies of the components can be adjusted by modifying the relevant structural dimensions to avoid the possible resonance of the system or reduce the system vibration. The structural rigidity of the tree-climbing and pruning robot can be improved by appropriate modification of the planetary roller screw structure.
Research on ultrasonic testing method of rotating component based on a 6-DOF robot
Authors: Zhang Rongfan , Li Hongwei , Zheng Ying , Zuo Xin
Published: October 2022

Some rotating components have the structural characteristics of variable thickness and variable curvature. The conventional ultrasonic testing is inappropriate for these components because of bad coupling and too many uncertainties. In order to meet the testing requirements of high-volume, high-efficiency and high-precision, the corresponding ultrasonic automatic detection program is proposed. A 6-DOF industrial robot is used to realize the precise control of the transducer position and posture, and combines the independent turntable to complete the spiral fast scan of the specimen. Based on the multi-Gaussian beam model and the internal flat-bottom hole flaw scattering model of specimen, the flaw ultrasonic measurement model is established. The system parameters, component material parameters and component surface parameters are all introduced to the ultrasonic measurement model to generate a series of flaw-sizing curves. An accurate flaw sizing method based on DGS(Distance-Gain-Size)curve predicted by regular reflector is proposed. The scanning experiment results of the reference specimen show that the minimum Ø 0.8mm artificial flat-bottom-hole flaw in the workpiece can be detected effectively, and the sizing error is less than Ø 0.3mm equivalent.
Response simulation research of spring mass system under momentum ball impact
Authors: Mo Xiaolei , Lin Yuliang , Li Yugang
Published: October 2022

The specific impulse is one of the important parameters of the shock wave. The shock wave specific impulse test method based on the momentum block is an important method to measure the shock wave specific impulse. In this paper, by carrying out the simulation research on the impact response of the momentum ball and the spring-mass system, the maximum compression displacement of the spring under different loading speeds is linear, and it is feasible to use the spring-mass system as the carrier to measure the shock wave specific impulse.
Eddy Current Magnetic Field Analysis of Disk Synchronous Magnetic Coupler
Authors: Xu Zhongchao , Wu Rujun , Yang Wen
Published: October 2022

Aiming at the problem that the eddy current loss generated by the metal isolation sleeve of the disc type synchronous magnetic coupler affects its transmission performance, this paper firstly deduces the equation of eddy current loss from the theory, then analyzes the influence of the difference in rotation angles and rotation speed on the eddy current loss, and also studies the influence of the induced magnetic field generated by the eddy current on the air gap magnetic field. Through simulation, it is concluded that: the smaller the difference in turning angle or the larger the rotational speed produces the greater eddy current loss; the influence of the induced magnetic field on the air gap magnetic field is different from different turning angles differences. The conclusion is of guiding significance to reduce the eddy current loss and improve the transmission performance of the magnetic coupler.
Effects of Hot-Melt-Extrusion process parameters on the Feedability of Fused Deposition Modeling filaments
Authors: Liu Chuanxin , Liang Bangchao , Zhao Yangguang , Han Xiaoxiao
Published: October 2022

Fused deposition modelling (FDM) has shown its advantages in the field of personalized oral medicine due to its low cost, simplicity and flexible manufacturing for on- demand doses. However, most pharmaceutical-grade polymers that can be hot-melt extruded do not have the mechanical properties for high-quality FDM feedstock, and it is considered a barrier to further development of FDM pharmaceutical applications. In this paper, the impacts of Hot- Melt Extrusion (HME) process parameters on the mechanical properties of FDM filaments is explored for the brittle polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The results show that the feed rate greatly influences the mechanical properties of the filaments. Through the exploration of HME process parameters, the preparation method of FDM raw filaments has been further improved, and the application of brittle polymers in FDM pharmaceuticals has been broadened.
Out-of-step Splitting Control based on Network Wide Area Response Information
Authors: Zheng Chao , Chen Yijun , Li Huiling
Published: October 2022

Influenced by the continuous growth of renewable energy installation scale and the increasingly prominent characteristics of AC/DC hybrid structure, the disturbance behavior of large power grid is becoming more and more complex. To ensure the safety of power grid, higher requirements are put forward for the reliability, accuracy and orderliness of the out-of-step splitting control which is belonged to the third line of defense. Firstly, this paper analyzes the principle and application limitation of out-of-step splitting control of ucosφ based on local measurement information, studies the relationship and error between ucosφ and oscillation center, and the location coefficient ζ of oscillation center is defined. On this basis, the criteria of branch splitting and the control strategy of multi-branch wide area cooperative out-of-step splitting are proposed. The simulation results of AC and HVDC hybrid power grid show that the proposed strategy can adapt to the complex dynamic behavior of large power grid in which multiple generator clusters lose synchronization one after another, accurately identify the cutset corresponding to the out-of-step generator cluster, and realize the unified and orderly splitting of each branch in the cutset.
Effect of Different Current Excitation on Joule Heating of Four-Rail Electromagnetic Launcher
Authors: Zhang Pengxiang , Shu Tao , Liu Shaowei
Published: October 2022

Joule heat generated by current excitation during the operation of electromagnetic launcher is the main source of heat generation in electromagnetic launcher. Using the finite element method, the electromagnetic force and Joule heat generated by current excitation of different waveforms are simulated and analyzed with the help of MAXWELL software. The simulation results show that the Joule heat generated during the operation of the electromagnetic launcher can be effectively mitigated by extending the rising edge and falling edge time of the current excitation under the premise that the electromagnetic force meets the emission requirements.
Research on grid-connected photovoltaic energy storage to stabilize power fluctuations
Authors: Gao Yu , Zhou Shaodi , Kang Xingguo , Feng Xiaojing
Published: October 2022

Due to the instability of photovoltaic power generation, device aging and other factors, the PI parameters of the original PI controller were no longer applicable. So a grid-connected control strategy of photovoltaic energy storage with PI controller parameters optimized by an algorithm was proposed to realize the smooth suppression of photovoltaic power fluctuations. Firstly, the PI controller parameters of the energy storage control part were optimized by using the algorithm, and the optimization process was designed. Then, the second-order low-pass filter was used to distribute the photovoltaic power, and the energy control mode of the energy storage part was designed. Finally, the PI parameter effects of the optimized energy storage control part were displayed by comparing the DC bus voltage in the isolated state, and the power suppression effects under grid-connected condition were displayed by the mixed energy storage power. The rationality of the control mode of the energy storage part was verified by the SOC state diagram of the mixed energy storage. The results showed that the control strategy could effectively suppress pv power fluctuation.