bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification and Tracking of Antiviral Drug Combinations
Authors: Ianevski Aleksandr , Yao Rouan , Biza Svetlana , Zusinaite Eva , Mannik Andres , Kivi Gaily , Planken Anu , Kurg Kristiina , Tombak Eva-Maria , Ustav Mart , Shtaida Nastassia , Kulesskiy Evgeny , Jo Eunji , Yang Jaewon , Lysvand Hilde , Løseth Kirsti , Oksenych Valentyn , Aas Per Arne , Tenson Tanel , Vitkauskienė Astra , Windisch Marc P. , Fenstad Mona Høysæter , Nordbø Svein Arne , Ustav Mart , Bjørås Magnar , Kainov Denis E.
Published: October 2020

Combination therapies have become a standard for the treatment for HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. They are advantageous over monotherapies due to better efficacy, reduced toxicity, as well as the ability to prevent the development of resistant viral strains and to treat viral co-infections. Here, we identify new synergistic combinations against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), echovirus 1 (EV1), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) in vitro. We observed synergistic activity of nelfinavir with convalescent serum and with purified neutralizing antibody 23G7 against SARS-CoV-2 in human lung epithelial Calu-3 cells. We also demonstrated synergistic activity of nelfinavir with EIDD-2801 or remdesivir in Calu-3 cells. In addition, we showed synergistic activity of vemurafenib with emetine, homoharringtonine, anisomycin, or cycloheximide against EV1 infection in human lung epithelial A549 cells. We also found that combinations of sofosbuvir with brequinar or niclosamide are synergistic against HCV infection in hepatocyte-derived Huh-7.5 cells, and that combinations of monensin with lamivudine or tenofovir are synergistic against HIV-1 infection in human cervical TZM-bl cells. These results indicate that synergy is achieved when a virus-directed antiviral is combined with another virus- or host-directed agent. Finally, we present an online resource that summarizes novel and known antiviral drug combinations and their developmental status.
IFN-Alpha-Mediated Differentiation of Dendritic Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy: Advances and Perspectives
Authors: Lapenta Caterina , Gabriele Lucia , Santini Stefano Maria
Published: October 2020

The past decade has seen tremendous developments in novel cancer therapies through targeting immune-checkpoint molecules. However, since increasing the presentation of tumor antigens remains one of the major issues for eliciting a strong antitumor immune response, dendritic cells (DC) still hold a great potential for the development of cancer immunotherapy. A considerable body of evidence clearly demonstrates the importance of the interactions of type I IFN with the immune system for the generation of a durable antitumor response through its effects on DC. Actually, highly active DC can be rapidly generated from blood monocytes in vitro in the presence of IFN-α (IFN-DC), suitable for therapeutic vaccination of cancer patients. Here we review how type I IFN can promote the ex vivo differentiation of human DC and orientate DC functions towards the priming and expansion of protective antitumor immune responses. New epigenetic elements of control on activation of the type I IFN signal will be highlighted. We also review a few clinical trials exploiting IFN-DC in cancer vaccination and discuss how IFN-DC could be exploited for the design of effective strategies of cancer immunotherapy as a monotherapy or in combination with immune-checkpoint inhibitors or immunomodulatory drugs.
Socio-Hydrological Modelling to Assess Reliability of an Urban Water System under Formal-Informal Supply Dynamics
Authors: Bano Rakhshinda , Khiadani Mehdi , Burian Steven
Published: October 2020

Increasing water scarcity in developing world cities combined with poor performance of water supply systems has led to an increasing reliance on informal water supply systems. Although the availability of informal supply provides a coping mechanism that enables water consumers to be resilient to failures in water supply, the longer-term effects on formal water supply systems (FWSS) are uncertain, with a potential reduction of tariff recovery (RT), and in turn a service provider’s financial sustainability. This motivates an analysis of the coevolving dynamics and feedbacks involved in water systems where formal and informal components co-exist. Investigating Hyderabad, Pakistan as a case study, a dynamic socio-hydrologic system model is built, comprised of a formal system’s water and fund balance, consumer behaviour and infrastructure conditions. Simulations are executed on a monthly basis at a household level and for a 100-year period (2007–2107) using data available from years 2007–2017. Demand shift to informal is observed to be weakly associated with lower recovery rates, with household income as a major predictor. The FWSS’s financial balance, predominantly driven by infrastructure condition, appears to be less sensitive to recovery of a tariff to generate sufficient revenue.
Benthic Diatom Communities in Urban Streams and the Role of Riparian Buffers
Authors: Mutinova Petra Thea , Kahlert Maria , Kupilas Benjamin , McKie Brendan G. , Friberg Nikolai , Burdon Francis J.
Published: October 2020

Urbanization impacts stream ecosystems globally through degraded water quality, altered hydrology, and landscape disturbances at the catchment and riparian scales, causing biodiversity losses and altered system functioning. Addressing the “urban stream syndrome” requires multiple mitigation tools, and rehabilitation of riparian vegetation may help improve stream ecological status and provide key ecosystem services. However, the extent to which forested riparian buffers can help support stream biodiversity in the face of numerous environmental contingencies remains uncertain. We assessed how a key indicator of stream ecological status, benthic diatoms, respond to riparian habitat conditions using 10 urban site pairs (each comprising of one unbuffered and one buffered reach), and additional urban downstream and forest reference upstream sites in the Oslo Fjord basin. Diatom communities were structured by multiple drivers including spatial location, land use, water quality, and instream habitat. Among these, riparian habitat condition independently explained 16% of variation in community composition among site pairs. Changes in community structure and indicator taxa, along with a reduction in pollution-tolerant diatoms, suggested tangible benefits of forested riparian buffers for stream biodiversity in urban environments. Managing urban impacts requires multiple solutions, with forested riparian zones providing a potential tool to help improve biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Effects of Land Cover and Atmospheric Input on Nutrient Budget in Subtropical Mountainous Rivers, Northeastern Taiwan
Authors: Chang Chung-Te , Shih Yu-Ting , Lee Li-Chin , Lee Jun-Yi , Lee Tsung-Yu , Lin Teng-Chiu , Huang Jr-Chuan
Published: October 2020

The nutrient budget, the difference between the nutrient output via stream and input via precipitation, can provide insights into how environmental processes affect forested ecosystem biogeochemistry. In this study, field measurements of the nutrient budgets—including Na+, Cl−, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, NO3−, and SO42−—of 19 sites were conducted in Feitsui Reservoir Watershed (FRW) of northeastern Taiwan. A series of power-law regressions were developed to establish the relationship of the nutrient budget to the discharge, nutrient input, agricultural land cover, and slope. The result show that the weekly nutrient budget is significantly affected by agricultural land and input via precipitation (R2 of regression models ≥ 0.90), yet the relationship varies among different nutrient elements. The agricultural land cover is the major factor, while the input via precipitation plays a relatively minor role in the budget of Cl−, Mg2+, Ca2+, and SO42−. These nutrients could be provisioned abundantly from the system, and thus the input via precipitation is not the predominant controlling factor. By contrast, the Na+ and K+ inputs via precipitation are indispensable for accurately estimating the riverine exports. Because weathering is a limited source of K+, the roles of agricultural activities and input via precipitation are likely decisive for transport. Besides, the NO3− budget reveals a strong interplay between the atmospheric input and agricultural land, as expected. Because the nutrient budget model of NO3− is strongly improved, the R2 changes from 0.34 to 0.99 when a larger coefficient in exponent term (10.2) for agricultural land cover (showing that NO3− export is strongly hydrologically controlled) and precipitation input are included. Our analysis is based on one year of data, so extrapolating the result to a long-term period should be done with caution, as there could be substantial inter-annual variation. The nutrient budget approach provides a preliminary assessment to evaluate the impacts of agriculture and atmospheric deposition on nutrient export, which can provide a precursory reference for watershed management for improving water quality and mitigating eutrophication.
Measurement of Biochemical Methane Potential of Heterogeneous Solid Substrates: Results of a Two-Phase French Inter-Laboratory Study
Authors: Ribeiro Thierry , Cresson Romain , Pommier Sébastien , Preys Sébastien , André Laura , Béline Fabrice , Bouchez Théodore , Bougrier Claire , Buffière Pierre , Cacho Jesús , Camacho Patricia , Mazéas Laurent , Pauss André , Pouech Philippe , Rouez Maxime , Torrijos Michel
Published: October 2020

Biochemical methane potential (BMP) is essential to determine the production of methane for various substrates; literature shows important discrepancies for the same substrates. In this paper, a harmonized BMP protocol was developed and tested with two phases of BMP tests carried out by eleven French laboratories. Surprisingly, for the three same solid tested substrates (straw; raw mix and dried-shredded mix of potatoes, maize, beef meat and straw; and mayonnaise), the standard deviations of the repeatability and reproducibility inter-laboratory were not enhanced by the harmonized protocol (average of about 25% depending on the substrate), as compared to a previous step where all laboratories used their own protocols. Moreover, statistical analyses of all the results, after removal of the outliers (about 15% of all observations), did not highlight significant effect of the operational effect on BMP (stirring, automatic or manual gas quantification, use of trace metal, uses a bicarbonate buffer, inoculum to substrate ratio) at least for the tested ranges. On the other hand, the average intra-laboratory repeatability was low, about 7%, whatever the protocol, the substrate and the laboratory. It also appears that drying the SA substrate, which contained proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and fibers, does not impact its BMP.
Reduction of Environmental Impacts Due to Using Permeable Pavements to Harvest Stormwater
Authors: Antunes Lucas Niehuns , Sydney Calum , Ghisi Enedir , Phoenix Vernon R. , Thives Liseane Padilha , White Christopher , Garcia Emmanuelle Stefânia Holdefer
Published: October 2020

While rainwater harvesting can provide additional water resources, this approach is largely undertaken using water from roofs. More recently, the potential for using stormwater harvested from permeable pavements was recognised as a potential additional water resource. The objective of this study was to estimate the reduction of environmental impacts caused by traditional drainage systems and centralised water utilities if permeable pavement systems were used to harvest stormwater for nonpotable purposes in buildings. The lifecycle environmental impacts and costs associated with the proposed pavements and hydraulic systems were assessed. The city of Glasgow was chosen as a case study. We used the Netuno computer programme to estimate the potential for potable water savings considering the use of stormwater for nonpotable purposes and the SimaPro software to perform a lifecycle assessment (LCA). With the implementation of permeable pavements and stormwater utilisation, great reductions in lifecycle emissions (i.e., CO2-, SO2-, and PM2.5-equivalent emissions) were observed. The proposed system also proved to be economically feasible, i.e., a payback period equal to 16.9 years. The results show the economic and environmental feasibility of permeable pavements when used on a large scale, proving to be an important strategy to reduce water and environmental stresses caused by centralised water utilities and traditional drainage systems.
On the Use of a Real-Time Control Approach for Urban Stormwater Management
Authors: Maiolo Mario , Palermo Stefania Anna , Brusco Anna Chiara , Pirouz Behrouz , Turco Michele , Vinci Andrea , Spezzano Giandomenico , Piro Patrizia
Published: October 2020

The real-time control (RTC) system is a valid and cost-effective solution for urban stormwater management. This paper aims to evaluate the beneficial effect on urban flooding risk mitigation produced by applying RTC techniques to an urban drainage network by considering different control configuration scenarios. To achieve the aim, a distributed real-time system, validated in previous studies, was considered. This approach uses a smart moveable gates system, controlled by software agents, managed by a swarm intelligence algorithm. By running the different scenarios by a customized version of the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), the findings obtained show a redistribution of conduits filling degrees, exploiting the whole system storage capacity, with a significant reduction of node flooding and total flood volume.
Hydrogeology of a Complex Aquifer System in Semi-Arid Mountainous Region: The Eastern Upper Guir Basin in the High Atlas (Morocco)
Authors: Abdelfadel Fatima , Hilali Mohamed , Fontaine Claude , El Albani Abderrazak , Mahboub Abderahman , Eloy Lilian , Labanowski Jérôme , Benaissi Lakhlifa , Razack Moumtaz
Published: October 2020

The eastern part of Morocco, surrounded by the High Atlas chain close to Errachidia, represents a very sensitive area in a semi-arid context. Average annual rainfall does not exceed 300 mm/year. Most of the regional water resources are linked to the aquifer systems in the Atlas area. The study site coincides with the Eastern Upper Guir Basin, one of the main rivers in Eastern Morocco. This basin is located close to the eastern border of the Moroccan High Atlas. The geology of the basin consists mainly of Jurassic and Cretaceous formations. The structure of the basin is strongly affected by the Atlasian tectonics. This results in successive large synclines separated by major W-E faults. The hydrogeological system of the basin is accordingly constituted by sub-basins associated with each syncline and separated by faulted anticlines, whose overlapping faults act as semi-impermeable barriers. This compartmentalization causes the very complex functioning of the whole system. The study undertaken, based on structural, meteorological, hydrogeological, hydrochemical and isotopic data, allowed us to advance significantly in the understanding of this system. The compartments behave as hydrogeological sub-units but remain interdependent on each other. The recharge of the aquifer system is essentially associated with the rains and snowfalls at high altitudes. This is consistent with the stable isotope results. Important development projects are planned in this region, associated with a drastic increase in water demands. Groundwater suitability was assessed using the WHO standards for drinking purposes and the SAR (sodium adsorption ratio) for irrigation. Complementary investigations should be considered to further the results presented here and move towards a quantitative assessment and management of the water resources.
Correction: Kelly, L., et al. Quantification of Temporal Variations in Base Flow Index Using Sporadic River Data: Application to the Bua Catchment, Malawi. Water 2019, 11, 901
Authors: Kelly Laura , Kalin Robert M. , Bertram Douglas , Kanjaye Modesta , Nkhata Macpherson , Sibande Hyde
Published: October 2020

In the published article [...]
Improved δ-SPH Scheme with Automatic and Adaptive Numerical Dissipation
Authors: Krimi Abdelkader , Ramírez Luis , Khelladi Sofiane , Navarrina Fermín , Deligant Michael , Nogueira Xesús
Published: October 2020

In this work we present a δ-Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) scheme for weakly compressible flows with automatic adaptive numerical dissipation. The resulting scheme is a meshless self-adaptive method, in which the introduced artificial dissipation is designed to increase the dissipation in zones where the flow is under-resolved by the numerical scheme, and to decrease it where dissipation is not required. The accuracy and robustness of the proposed methodology is tested by solving several numerical examples. Using the proposed scheme, we are able to recover the theoretical decay of kinetic energy, even where the flow is under-resolved in very coarse particle discretizations. Moreover, compared with the original δ-SPH scheme, the proposed method reduces the number of problem-dependent parameters.
Evaluation of an Application of Probabilistic Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts for Flood Forecasting
Authors: Goenner Andrew R. , Franz Kristie J. , Jr William A. Gallus , Roberts Brett
Published: October 2020

Probabilistic streamflow forecasts using precipitation derived from ensemble-based Probabilistic Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts (PQPFs) are examined. The PQPFs provide rainfall amounts associated with probabilities of exceedance for all grid points, which are averaged to the watershed scale for input to the operational Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting hydrologic model to generate probabilistic streamflow predictions. The technique was tested using both the High-Resolution Rapid Refresh Ensemble (HRRRE) and the High-Resolution Ensemble Forecast version 2.0 (HREF) for 11 river basins across the upper Midwest for 109 cases. The resulting discharges associated with low probability of exceedance values were too large; no events were observed having discharges above the 10% exceedance value predicted from the technique applied to both ensembles, and no events were observed having discharges above the 25% exceedance value from the HREF-based forecast. The large differences are due to using the same precipitation exceedance value at all points; it is unlikely that all watershed points would experience the heavy rainfall associated with the 5% probability of exceedance. The technique likely can be improved through calibration of the basin-average precipitation forecasts based on typical distributions of precipitation within the convective systems that dominate warm-season precipitation events or calibration of the resulting probabilistic discharge forecasts.
Ecological and Health Risk of Soils, Sediments, and Water Contamination
Authors: Hseu Zeng-Yei
Published: October 2020

Soils, sediments, and water require careful stewardship for the planet’s security to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SGDs) set from the United Nations. However, the contamination of these natural resources can damage ecological and human health, and thus we need a comprehensive approach to provide a remediation reference for the SDGs. The aim of this Special Issue (SI) was to gather the papers emphasizing different aspects and findings of the contamination processes, remediation techniques, and risk assessment of soils, sediments, and water. The Guest-Editor of this SI collected seven papers dealing with biochar application for the reduction in soil nutrient leaching by Kuo et al. and for the immobilization of soil cadmium by Chen et al. Their works contributed to not only sustain soil functions but also to prevent sediments and water from contamination. Moreover, in situ stabilization by environmentally compatible approach is a green remediation of sediments such as thin-layer capping for freshwater and estuary sediments by Ou et al. and Ch’ng et al., respectively. Bioassays including microbiological response and enzyme activities were used to test water quality by Martín et al. and Aljahdali et al., in addition to the finding of antibiotic-degrading bacterial strains reported by Yang et al. in sewage sludge. These papers may aid to update and incorporate new views and discussion for the SDGs.
Decoupling Urban Water Use and Growth in Response to Water Scarcity
Authors: Richter Brian D. , Benoit Kendall , Dugan Jesse , Getacho Gabriella , LaRoe Natalie , Moro Bailey , Rynne Tyler , Tahamtani Maria , Townsend Allen
Published: October 2020

Many cities in the western US face difficult challenges in trying to secure water supplies for rapidly growing urban populations in the context of intensifying water scarcity. We obtained annual data from urban water utilities across the western US to document trends in their water usage and service populations. We found that many cities have been able to accommodate population increases while simultaneously reducing their volume of water use, thereby decoupling growth from water use. This outcome is largely attributable to reductions in per-capita residential use. We identify additional untapped potential that can sustain and widen this decoupling for many cities.
Energy Efficient Rapid Removal of Arsenic in an Electrocoagulation Reactor with Hybrid Fe/Al Electrodes: Process Optimization Using CCD and Kinetic Modeling
Authors: Khan Saif Ullah , Farooqi Izharul Haq , Usman Muhammad , Basheer Farrukh
Published: October 2020

Threats due to insufficient, inadequate and costlier methods of treating contaminants such as arsenic have emphasized the significance of optimizing and managing the processes adopted. This study was aimed at the complete elimination of arsenic from an aqueous medium with minimum energy consumption using the electrocoagulation process. Arsenic removal around 95% was rapidly attained for optimized conditions having a pH of 7, 0.46 A current intensity, 10 mg/L initial concentration and only 2 min of applied time duration using the energy of 3.1 watt-hour per gram of arsenic removed. Low values of applied current for longer durations resulted in the complete removal of arsenic with low energy consumption. Various hydroxide complexes including ferrous hydroxide and ferric hydroxide assisted in the removal of arsenic by adsorption along with co-precipitation. Surface models obtained were checked and found with a reasonably good fit having high values of coefficient of determination of 0.933 and 0.980 for removal efficiency and energy consumption, respectively. Adsorption was found to follow pseudo-first-order kinetics. Multivariate optimization proved it as a low-cost effective technology having an operational cost of 0.0974 Indian rupees (equivalent to USD 0.0013) per gram removal of arsenic. Overall, the process was well optimized using CCD based on response surface methodology.
Vehicle-Related Flood Fatalities in Texas, 1959–2019
Authors: Han Zhongyu , Sharif Hatim O.
Published: October 2020

Texas has the highest number of flood fatalities and vehicle-related flood fatalities in the United States. This study provides a detailed analysis of vehicle-related flood fatalities in Texas from 1959 to 2019. The data was compiled from the Storm Data publication maintained by the National Weather Service and includes demographics of the victims, dates, flood types, roadway types, and fatality location. There were 570 vehicle-related flood fatalities during the study period, with almost all fatal accidents resulting in one fatality. These fatalities represent 58% of total flood fatalities. The spatial analysis reveals that most counties with high vehicle-related flood fatalities are clustered in Flash Flood Alley. These counties accounted for over 80% of the fatalities. The annual distribution of these fatalities follows a statistically significant decreasing trend. Monthly distribution of vehicle-related fatalities follows that of rainfall in the Flash Flood Alley, with flash floods causing 61% of all vehicle-related flood fatalities. Night was the time of the day when the most vehicle-related deaths occurred. Males accounted for 63% of the fatalities and the age group of 20–29 was the most affected. The study discusses how the results can be used to increase awareness of flood hazards, used as input into state and regional disaster mitigation plans, and help tailor education and outreach programs.
Use of Modern Technologies for the Conservation of Historical Heritage in Water Management
Authors: Șmuleac Adrian , Șmuleac Laura , Man Teodor Eugen , Popescu Cosmin Alin , Imbrea Florin , Radulov Isidora , Adamov Tabita , Pașcalău Raul
Published: October 2020

Historical monuments represent a cultural heritage that humanity has a duty to preserve and conserve. Lately all over the world, scanning these heritage objectives has become a priority, in order to preserve in the smallest details the used architecture. The work aims to complete the cultural heritage for Sânmihaiu Român hydro technical development built between 1912 and 1915, located on the Bega River in Western Romania, through modern mobile scanning technology, Leica Pegasus Backpack, necessary for the creation of a three-dimensional (3D) documentation, for the completion of the cultural heritage, and for the creation of a 3D database. The purpose of the scientific paper is restoring Sanmihaiu Roman Hidro technical Node, subject to degradation, in order to achieve the project “The navigable Bega”, waterway connection to Serbia. Collecting method of LiDAR data is Fused Slam, the acquisition of RINNEX data being made by placing a Leica GS08 Master Station. Visualization of quality graphics has been performed in Quality Control (QC) Tools. The scanning accuracy is between 2 and 3 cm and the 3D data processing was performed with the Cyclone Model version program, with SmartPick Point and Virtual Surveyor functions. The obtained point clouds will be of a great help in order to follow in time the construction which can be used whenever it will be needed by the designers and specialists in the field of hydrotechnics.
General Assessment of the Operational Utility of National Water Model Reservoir Inflows for the Bureau of Reclamation Facilities
Authors: Viterbo Francesca , Read Laura , Nowak Kenneth , Wood Andrew W. , Gochis David , Cifelli Robert , Hughes Mimi
Published: October 2020

This work investigates the utility of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s National Water Model (NWM) for water management operations by assessing the total inflow into a select number of reservoirs across the Central and Western U.S. Total inflow is generally an unmeasured quantity, though critically important for anticipating both floods and shortages in supply over a short-term (hourly) to sub-seasonal (monthly) time horizon. The NWM offers such information at over 5000 reservoirs across the U.S., however, its skill at representing inflow processes is largely unknown. The goal of this work is to understand the drivers for both well performing and poor performing NWM inflows such that managers can get a sense of the capability of NWM to capture natural hydrologic processes and in some cases, the effects of upstream management. We analyzed the inflows for a subset of Bureau of Reclamation (BoR) reservoirs within the NWM over the long-term simulations (retrospectively, seven years) and for short, medium and long-range operational forecast cycles over a one-year period. We utilize ancillary reservoir characteristics (e.g., physical and operational) to explain variation in inflow performance across the selected reservoirs. In general, we find that NWM inflows in snow-driven basins outperform those in rain-driven, and that assimilated basin area, upstream management, and calibrated basin area all influence the NWM’s ability to reproduce daily reservoir inflows. The final outcome of this work proposes a framework for how the NWM reservoir inflows can be useful for reservoir management, linking reservoir purposes with the forecast cycles and retrospective simulations.
An Analytical Study on Wave-Current-Mud Interaction
Authors: Shamsnia S. , Dutykh Denys
Published: October 2020

This study aims at providing analytical investigations to the first and second-order on the wave–current–mud interaction problem by applying a perturbation method. Direct formulations of the wave–current–mud interaction could not be found in the literature. Explicit formulations for the particle velocity, dissipation rates, and phase shift in the first order and the mass transport in the second-order have been obtained. The findings of the current study confirmed that by an increase in the current velocity (e.g., moving from negative to positive values of current velocity), the dissipation rates and mud (instantaneous and mean) velocity decrease. The proposed assumption of a thin mud layer (boundary layer assumption) matches with the laboratory data in the mud viscosity of the orders of (0.01 N/m2) in both wave dissipation and mud mass transport leading to small ranges of discrepancies. The results from the newly proposed model were compared with the measurements and the results of an existing model in the literature. The proposed model showed better agreements in simulating the mud (instantaneous and mean) velocity compared to the existing one.
Assessment of the Impact of Sand Mining on Bottom Morphology in the Mekong River in An Giang Province, Vietnam, Using a Hydro-Morphological Model with GPU Computing
Authors: Thi Kim Tran , Huong Nguyen Thi Mai , Huy Nguyen Dam Quoc , Tai Pham Anh , Hong Sumin , Quan Tran Minh , Bay Nguyen Thi , Jeong Won-Ki , Phung Nguyen Ky
Published: October 2020

Sand mining, among the many activities that have significant effects on the bed changes of rivers, has increased in many parts of the world in recent decades. Numerical modeling plays a vital role in simulation in the long term; however, computational time remains a challenge. In this paper, we propose a sand mining component integrated into the bedload continuity equation and combine it with high-performance computing using graphics processing units to boost the speed of the simulation. The developed numerical model is applied to the Mekong river segment, flowing through Tan Chau Town, An Giang Province, Vietnam. The 20 years from 1999 to 2019 is examined in this study, both with and without sand mining activities. The results show that the numerical model can simulate the bed change for the period from 1999 to 2019. By adding the sand mining component (2002–2006), the bed change in the river is modeled closely after the actual development. The Tan An sand mine in the area (2002–2006) caused the channel to deviate slightly from that of An Giang and created a slight erosion channel in 2006 (−23 m). From 2006 to 2014, although Tan An mine stopped operating, the riverbed recovered quite slowly with a small accretion rate (0.25 m/year). However, the Tan An sand mine eroded again from 2014–2019 due to a lack of sand. In 2014, in the Vinh Hoa communes, An Giang Province, the Vinh Hoa sand mine began to operate. The results of simulating with sand mining incidents proved that sand mining caused the erosion channel to move towards the sand mines, and the erosion speed was faster when there was no sand mining. Combined with high-performance computing, harnessing the power of accelerators such as graphics processing units (GPUs) can help run numerical simulations up to 23x times faster.
A Procuradoria Europeia e seu papel no fortalecimento de integração europeia
Authors: Maestri Böell Cristiane Rosália
Published: October 2020

O texto ora apresentado traz à lume o momento político e econômico vivenciado pela União Europeia frente às adversidades advindas da globalização e a necessidade premente de fortalecimento da integração. O controle das fronteiras externas e o combate à criminalidade transnacional, dentre outras políticas adotadas pela União, tem por escopo manter e aperfeiçoar o espaço liberdade, segurança e justiça, com a adoção de um conjunto de medidas, dentre as quais a Cooperação Judiciária em matéria penal, que traz em seu bojo a consolidação do direito penal europeu, com a possibilidade de estabelecimento de regras mínimas relativas à definição das infrações penais e das sanções em domínios de criminalidade grave com dimensão transfronteiriça. Nessa esteira e visando o combate à criminalidade lesiva dos interesses financeiros da União, institui-se a Procuradoria Europeia, sobre cuja atuação prestes a iniciar, apresentamos algumas reflexões, fruto de questionamentos e inquietações que circundam o nascimento do novel Ministério Público europeu.
PENGARUH GIRO WAJIB MINIMUM, BI RATE DAN INFLASI TERHADAP LOAN TO DEPOSIT RATIO
Authors: N Elly Soraya , Safitri Rika
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of Minimum statutory reserve, BIRate, and Inflation towards Loan to Deposit Ratio. Population in this research used JointVenture Bank in Indonesian Banking Directory during period 2013 through 2017.Purposive sampling method were used as samples determining method and 14 bankselected as the sample of the research. This type of research is descriptive quantitative.Presentation and analysis of research data using descriptive statistical analysis, paneldata regression models, data estimation methods namely Chow Test, classicalassumption analysis using normality test, multicollinearity test and hypothesis test. Thisresult of research show that variable GWM have positive and not significant influence toLDR. Variable BI Rate have negative significant influence to LDR. And variable inflationhave positive significant influence to LDR. The coefficient of determination (R2) is 89%compared to the independent variable on the variable Loan to Deposit Ratio in 2013-2017. While 4% is contributed by other factors.
PENGARUH KINERJA TENAGA PENDIDIK DAN SARANA PRASARANA TERHADAP LOYALITAS ORANG TUA PESERTA DIDIK DI SDIT AS-SYAFI’IYAH
Authors: Herawati Heny
Published: October 2020

Tenaga pendidik dan sarana prasarana merupakan salah satu unsur yang penting dan harusdi utamakan dalam suatu lembaga pendidikan. Agar tercipta berbagai aktivitas yangberujung pada terciptanya kemudahan dan keberhasilan siswa dalam belajar sehinggaorang tua peserta didik akan merasa puas akan pendidikan yang diterima anaknya,sehingga akan timbul loyalitas orang tua peserta didik terhadap lembaga pendidikantersebut. Untuk mengetahui tingkat loyalitas orang tua peserta didik di SDIT As-Syafi’iyah maka perlu dilakukan Penelitian dengan judul “Pengaruh kinerja tenagapendidik dan sarana prasarana terhadap loyalitas orang tua peserta didik di SDIT As-Syafi’iyah”. Dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 52 orang.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Regresi dan Korelasi Berganda. Hasildari olah data menggunakan Regresi dan Korelasi Berganda didapat hasil persamaan,yaitu Y = 13,482 + 0,213 X 1 + 0,418 X 2. Maka, dari hasil persamaan tersebut di dapatlahNilai a = 13,482 yang berarti, jika tidak ada perubahan dari variabel kinerja tenagapendidik (X 1 ) dan sarana prasarana (X 2 ), maka nilai untuk loyalitas orang tua pesertadidik (Y) sebesar 13,482. Nilai b 1 = 0,213 yang artinya setiap penambahan satu skor ataunilai pada kinerja tenaga pendidik, maka loyalitas orang tua peserta didik akan mengalamiperubahan skor sebesar 0,213 (X 1 ) pada saat variabel sarana prasarana = 0. Nilai b 2 =0,418 yang artinya setiap penambahan satu skor atau nilai pada sarana prasarana makaloyalitas orang tua peserta didik akan mengalami perubahan skor sebesar 0,418 (X 2 ) padasaat variabel kinerja tenaga pendidik = 0. Dari hasil uji korelasi berganda antara variabelkinerja tenaga pendidik (X 1 ) dan sarana prasarana (X 2 ) terhadap loyalitas orang tuapeserta didik (Y) didapat nilai korelasi sebesar 0,509 yang mana korelasi ini dinyatakankuat dan positif. Dari hasil perhitungan uji F didapat hasil nilai signifikansi 0,001, lebihkecil dari 0,05 sedangkan dengan tingkat siginifikan yaitu α = 5% dan didapat nilai F hitung= 8,564 dengan nilai F tabel = 3,18. Dikarenakan hasil nilai F hitung > F tabel (8,564 > 3,18)artinya kinerja tenaga pendidik dan sarana prasarana berpengaruh positif dan signifikanterhadap loyalitas orang tua peserta didik, jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa hipotesaditerima.Hasil penelitian secara serentak dari pengaruh kinerja tenaga pendidik dan saranaprasarana terhadap loyalitas orang tua peserta didik diperoleh 25,9 %. Sedangkan sisanyayakni 74,1 % dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak turut diteliti dalam penelitian ini.
PENGARUH KOMPENSASI DAN DISIPLIN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWA PADA PT. MULIA SUKSES JAYA DI BOGOR
Authors: Ridwan Muhammad , Muharomi Ahmad
Published: October 2020

Every company wants the goals set can be achieved in a timely manner. Therefore, it is necessary to have good management of human resources owned by a company. In this study to determine the effect of variables with the title "Effect of Work Compensation and Discipline on Employee Performance. This research was conducted on the employees of PT. Mulia Sukses Jaya with 30 respondents and using a saturated sampling technique so the sample used is all populations, namely 30. Analysis techniques using correlation and regression analysis and hypothesis testing t and f as well as the coefficient of determination R2 with data processing using SPSS26.

            Based on the results of data analysis from the test the value of t count 2,192> 2,052 t table. And the sig value of 0.037 <0.05 means that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected then Compensation has a significant effect on Employee Performance. While work discipline has a value of 5.074> 2.052 t table and a sig value of 0.000 <0.05 which means that Work Discipline has a significant effect on Employee Performance. Based on the f test results the f value of 12.704> 3.35 f table value and the value of the significance level of 0.000 <0.05. With this, Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected, which means Compensation and Work Discipline together - positive and significant effect on Employee Performance at PT. Mulia Sukses Jaya. The coefficient of determination is 0.485 which means that compensation and work discipline have an effect of 48.5% on employee performance. The remaining 51.5% is influenced by other factors outside the variables of this study.
PENGARUH CELEBRITY ENDORSER DAN BRAND IMAGE TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN LUWAK WHITE KOFFIE
Authors: - Chusnah , Zaenuri Ahmad
Published: October 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of Celebrity Endorser and Brand Image on the Purchase Decision of Luwak White Koffie at Pemalang Rice Stalls. This research was conducted on Luwak White Koffie consumers, the sample used was 55 consumers. Hypothesis testing uses validity and reliability, normality test, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test and autocorelas test. The analysis used is regression and correlation analysis, Determination of the t test and f test, based on the results of data analysis and discussion, partially celebrity endorser has an insignificant and positive effect on purchasing decisions with a tcount of 0.386 indicating that a significance level of 0.701> 0.05 and tcount 0.386 <t table 2.007, brand image partially significant and positive effect with tcount of 2.219 indicates that the significance level of 0.031 <0.05 and tcount of 2.219> t table 2.007. the coefficient of determination of 0.122 means the percentage contribution of the influence of variable X to Y by 12.2% while the remaining 87.8% is influenced by other variables.
Comparação entre GMFCS e CIF na avaliação da funcionalidade na paralisia cerebral
Authors: Taís Seifert Queiroz Débora , Cherem Netto Fernandes Arthur , Santos de Carvalho Murilo , Grivicich da Silva Guilherme , Bombarda Müller Alessandra
Published: October 2020

Introdução. A Paralisia Cerebral (PC) pode causar deformidades e movimentos atípicos que interferem na aquisição das funções motoras da criança. Objetivo. Foi comparar dois instrumentos mundialmente utilizados para avaliação da funcionalidade de crianças e adolescentes com PC. Método. Estudo realizado com 38 crianças com PC, de ambos os sexos, em fisioterapia semanalmente. Foram utilizados os instrumentos GMFCS e CIF-CJ para a avaliação da funcionalidade. Resultados. As crianças apresentaram: 68,4% (n=26) comprometimento nos quatro membros (tetraparesia); 36,8% (n=14) comprometimento funcional grave com comorbidades associadas. Na comparação entre funcionalidade e funções do corpo, foram encontradas diferenças entre as cinco classificações funcionais e as funções intelectuais (p=0,009), funções mentais da linguagem (p=0,010), funções da mobilidade das articulações (p<0,001), funções do tônus muscular (p<0,001) e funções relacionadas ao controle dos movimentos voluntários  (p<0,001). Na comparação entre funcionalidade e atividades e participação, foram encontradas diferenças entre as cinco classificações funcionais e a manutenção da posição do corpo (p<0,001), uso fino da mão (p<0,001), andar (p<0,001), deslocar-se por diferentes locais (p<0,001), comer (p=0,010), interações interpessoais básicas (p=0,005) e relações familiares (p=0,004). Quanto maior o comprometimento funcional, maior o grau de comprometimento da deficiência dessas crianças nas funções do corpo, atividades e participação e fatores ambientais. Conclusão. Os dois instrumentos são complementares na avaliação da criança com PC e podem respaldar o raciocínio clínico para tomada de decisões dos profissionais que os assistem, bem como nortear políticas públicas para a promoção da qualidade de vida dessa população.
Large-Scale Synthesis of the Stable Co-Free Layered Oxide Cathode by the Synergetic Contribution of Multielement Chemical Substitution for Practical Sodium-Ion Battery
Authors: Xiao Yao , Wang Tao , Zhu Yan-Fang , Hu Hai-Yan , Tan Shuang-Jie , Li Shi , Wang Peng-Fei , Zhang Wei , Niu Yu-Bin , Wang En-Hui , Guo Yu-Jie , Yang Xinan , Liu Lin , Liu Yu-Mei , Li Hongliang , Guo Xiao-Dong , Yin Ya-Xia , Guo Yu-Guo
Published: October 2020

The O3-type layered oxide cathodes for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are considered as one of the most promising systems to fully meet the requirement for future practical application. However, fatal issues in several respects such as poor air stability, irreversible complex multiphase evolution, inferior cycling lifespan, and poor industrial feasibility are restricting their commercialization development. Here, a stable Co-free O3-type NaNi
0.4
Cu
0.05
Mg
0.05
Mn
0.4
Ti
0.1
O
2
cathode material with large-scale production could solve these problems for practical SIBs. Owing to the synergetic contribution of the multielement chemical substitution strategy, this novel cathode not only shows excellent air stability and thermal stability as well as a simple phase-transition process but also delivers outstanding battery performance in half-cell and full-cell systems. Meanwhile, various advanced characterization techniques are utilized to accurately decipher the crystalline formation process, atomic arrangement, structural evolution, and inherent effect mechanisms. Surprisingly, apart from restraining the unfavorable multiphase transformation and enhancing air stability, the accurate multielement chemical substitution engineering also shows a pinning effect to alleviate the lattice strains for the high structural reversibility and enlarges the interlayer spacing reasonably to enhance Na
+
diffusion, resulting in excellent comprehensive performance. Overall, this study explores the fundamental scientific understandings of multielement chemical substitution strategy and opens up a new field for increasing the practicality to commercialization.
Appraisal of Thyroidectomy in Outlying Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Delwar Dr. A H M
Published: October 2020

Objective: To find out the prevalence, presentation, disease patterns, operations of the thyroid gland and facilitate the prevention of complications and a risk factors for it.
Study design: Cohort retrospective study.
Setting: Academic tertiary care hospital.
Subject and Methods: A total of 173 euthyroid benign and malignant goiter patient’s demographic data, diagnosis, operations, complications, and management options collection and analyzed who attended in the department of Otolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, Comilla Medical College, and Comilla Medical Centre, concern Clinic of Central Medical College, Comilla, Bangladesh from 01 July 2016 to 31 June 2019.
Results: Incidence of euthyroid benign and malignant Goiter among outpatient was 0.12%, and the yearly prevalence of 33.34%. Out of 173, the male was 20 (11.56%), and the female 153 (88.44%), 30-39 years patients have the highest presentation was 60 (88.44%), 20-29 years 40 (23.12%), and 40-49 years 38 (21.97%), euthyroid benign goiter was 142 (82.08%), and malignant 31 (17.92%).
PERFIL ISOENZIMÁTICO DE MAÍCES NATIVOS DEL ISTMO DE TEHUANTEPEC, OAXACA, MÉXICO. I. CARACTERIZACIÓN DE GRUPOS
Authors: López-Romero Gustavo , Santacruz-Varela Amalio , Muñoz-Orozco Abel , Castillo-González Fernando , Córdova-Téllez Leobigildo , Vaquera-Huerta Humberto
Published: October 2020

El maíz (Zea mays L. ssp. mays) es la especie cultivada más importante y diversa en México. La diversidad genética de las principales razas mexicanas de maíz se ha estudiado con base en datos agronómicos, morfológicos y marcadores moleculares como isoenzimas, aunque en este último caso solamente se ha considerado un número escaso de poblaciones representativas de cada raza de maíz. Por tanto, faltan estudios que revelen con profundidad el grado de variación genética existente dentro de razas. El objeto de esta investigación fue evaluar el polimorfismo isoenzimático de poblaciones de maíz del Istmo de Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, México, área de distribución de la raza Zapalote Chico. Se evaluaron 40 poblaciones nativas y 10 representativas de otras razas como refe-rencia para analizar la variación genética de 19 loci isoenzimáticos. Se encontró un total de 52 alelos con un promedio de 2.7 alelos por locus. Las poblaciones nativas tuvieron 49 alelos, que supera en 10 alelos a las poblaciones representativas de otras razas. El análisis de la diversidad genética de las poblaciones nativas, basado en el estadístico de diferenciación genética (GST), mostró que 88 % de la variación isoenzimática reside dentro de poblaciones y 12 % entre poblaciones. El análisis de conglomerados separó dos grupos de maíces nativos, el primero integró las poblaciones de maíz de la raza Zapalote Chico, mientras que el segundo agrupó las poblaciones conocidas localmente como Maíz Grande, con influencia de las razas Zapalote Chico e introgresión de Tuxpeño, Vandeño y Tepecintle. El análisis de las frecuencias génicas reveló el perfil isoenzimático de cada uno de los agrupamientos detectados. Los resultados obtenidos indican la presencia de variación genética en poblaciones de maíz nativas de Istmo de Tehuantepec, que puede aprovecharse en programas de mejoramiento genético.