bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of Lenzumestrocel (Neuronata-R® inj.) in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALSUMMIT study): study protocol for a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, sham procedure-controlled, phase III trial
Authors: Nam Jae-Yong , Lee Tae Yong , Kim Kwijoo , Chun Sehwan , Kim Min Sung , Shin Jin-Hong , Sung Jung-Joon , Kim Byoung Joon , Kim Byung-Jo , Oh Ki-Wook , Kim Kyung Suk , Kim Seung Hyun
Published: May 2022

Background

A single cycle (two repeated treatments) with intrathecal autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs, 26-day interval) showed safety and provided therapeutic benefit lasting 6 months in patients with ALS but did not demonstrate long-term efficacy. This phase III clinical trial (ALSUMMIT) protocol was developed to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of the combined protocol of single-cycle intrathecal therapy and three additional booster injections of BM-MSC (Lenzumestrocel) treatment in patients with ALS.

Methods

ALSUMMIT is a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, sham procedure-controlled, phase III trial for ALS. The 115 subjects will be randomized (1:2:2) into three groups: (1) study Group 1 (single-cycle, two repeated injections with 26-day interval), (2) study Group 2 (single-cycle + three additional booster injections at 4, 7, and 10 months), and (3) the control group. Participants who have an intermediate rate of disease progression will be included in this trial to reduce clinical heterogeneity. The primary endpoint will be evaluated by combined assessment of function and survival (CAFS), also known as joint rank scores (JRS), at 6 months (study Group 1 vs. control) and 12 months (study Group 2 vs. control) after the first Lenzumestrocel or placebo administration. Safety assessment will be performed throughout the study period. Additionally, after the 56-week main study, a long-term follow-up observational study will be conducted to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety up to 36 months.

Discussion

Lenzumestrocel is the orphan cell therapy product for ALS conditionally approved by the South Korea Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS). This ALSUMMIT protocol was developed for the adoption of enrichment enrolment, add-on design, and consideration of ethical issues for the placebo group.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.govNCT04745299. Registered on Feb 9, 2021.

Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS) KCT0005954. Registered on Mar 4, 2021.
Synthesis, molecular docking, and cytotoxicity of quinazolinone and dihydroquinazolinone derivatives as cytotoxic agents
Authors: Taayoshi Fahimeh , Iraji Aida , Moazzam Ali , Soleimani Meysam , Asadi Mehdi , Pedrood Keyvan , Akbari Mosayeb , Salehabadi Hafezeh , Larijani Bagher , Adibpour Neda , Mahdavi Mohammad
Published: May 2022

Background

Cancer is the most cause of morbidity and mortality, and a major public health problem worldwide. In this context, two series of quinazolinone 5a–e and dihydroquinazolinone 10a–f compounds were designed, synthesized as cytotoxic agents.

Methodology

All derivatives (5a–e and 10a–f) were synthesized via straightforward pathways and elucidated by FTIR, 1H-NMR, CHNS elemental analysis, as well as the melting point. All the compounds were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity effects using the MTT assay against two human cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and HCT-116) using doxorubicin as the standard drug. The test derivatives were additionally docked into the PARP10 active site using Gold software.

Results and discussion

Most of the synthesized compounds, especially 5a and 10f were found to be highly potent against both cell lines. Synthesized compounds demonstrated IC50 in the range of 4.87–205.9 μM against HCT-116 cell line and 14.70–98.45 μM against MCF-7 cell line compared with doxorubicin with IC50 values of 1.20 and 1.08 μM after 72 h, respectively, indicated the plausible activities of the synthesized compounds.

Conclusion

The compounds quinazolinone 5a–e and dihydroquinazolinone 10a–f showed potential activity against cancer cell lines which can lead to rational drug designing of the cytotoxic agents.
Current challenges of high-solid anaerobic digestion and possible measures for its effective applications: a review
Authors: Akinbomi Julius G. , Patinvoh Regina J. , Taherzadeh Mohammad J.
Published: May 2022

The attention that high solids anaerobic digestion process (HS-AD) has received over the years, as a waste management and energy recovery process when compared to low solids anaerobic digestion process, can be attributed to its associated benefits including water conservation and smaller digester foot print. However, high solid content of the feedstock involved in the digestion process poses a barrier to the process stability and performance if it is not well managed. In this review, various limitations to effective performance of the HS-AD process, as well as, the possible measures highlighted in various research studies were garnered to serve as a guide for effective industrial application of this technology. A proposed design concept for overcoming substrate and product inhibition thereby improving methane yield and process stability was recommended for optimum performance of the HS-AD process.
Evaluating standards for ‘serious’ disease for preimplantation genetic testing: a multi-case study on regulatory frameworks in Japan, the UK, and Western Australia
Authors: Nakasato Kate , Yamamoto Beverley Anne , Kato Kazuto
Published: May 2022

Background

A number of countries are leading the way in creating regulatory frameworks for preimplantation genetic testing (PGT). Among these countries, a point of consensus is that PGT may be used to avoid the birth of a child with a serious genetic disease. However, standards for evaluating disease severity in this context are not always clear. Considering the numerous medical and social implications of defining a standard for serious disease, our study sought out to better understand how disease severity for PGT is being defined by analyzing and comparing the regulatory landscapes for PGT in various countries.

Methods

We carried out a multi-case study analysis using policy documents from the UK, Western Australia, and Japan. Documentary analysis was used to analyze and compare these documents in terms of medical indications for PGT, evaluation methods of applications for PGT, and review frameworks used during the evaluation process, which includes the specific medical and social factors that are considered.

Results

Within our three case studies, medical indications for PGT are based on an estimated risk of the woman giving birth to a child with a genetic abnormality with known clinical deficits. Evaluation methods for approving applications for PGT include reference to a pre-approved list of genetic conditions (the UK) and case-by-case reviews (all case studies). Review frameworks for case-by-case reviews include reference to a list of considered factors (the UK and Western Australia) and a definition statement of disease severity (Japan), which provide insight into interpretations of disease severity in each context.

Conclusions

The results of this study point to the possible medical and social impacts of PGT regulatory frameworks on multiple stakeholders. Furthermore, it suggests that impacts in this case are not only caused by whether PGT is permitted or not, but also by the circumstances under which it is allowed and how decisions regarding its approval are made. Our results may serve as valuable insights for countries that already have established policy for PGT but are considering revision, countries that are without policy, and for discussions on related genetic and reproductive technologies.
Ex vivo permeation parameters and skin deposition of melatonin-loaded microemulsion for treatment of alopecia
Authors: Elshall Asmaa A. , Ghoneim Amira M. , Abdel-Mageed Heidi M. , Osman Rihab , Shaker Dalia S.
Published: May 2022

Background

Melatonin (MEL) is a powerful antioxidant molecule with anti-androgenic property. A microemulsion (ME) system loaded with MEL was designed for treatment of androgenic alopecia. Pseudo-ternary phase diagram was constructed, and ME formulae were developed using coconut oil, Tween 80 and PEG 400. In the present study, MEL ME was characterized and evaluated for droplet size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology using TEM imaging. MEL ex vivo permeation study through rat skin followed by tape stripping for stratum corneum (SC) was performed for different ME formulae, to determine skin permeation parameters and detect SC-MEL deposition.

Results

Spherical and uniform particles of MEL-loaded microemulsion were formulated with high stability. In ex vivo permeation study, MEL ME exhibited low steady-state skin flux along with pronounced SC deposition which prevailed a controlled release manner.

Conclusion

The results suggested that MEL ME could be a promising candidate for further permeation and in vivo studies for androgenic alopecia treatment.
Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplant Utilization in Relapsed/Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Population-Level Analysis of Statewide Claims Data
Authors: Waheed Anem , Rodday Angie Mae , Kumar Anita J. , Miller Kenneth B. , Parsons Susan K.
Published: May 2022

PURPOSE

Although hematologic malignancies affect adults of all ages, few data exist on the real-world patterns of care for patients younger than 65 years in the United States. Understanding patterns of care from diagnosis through relapsed disease may provide insight about care across community and academic centers. We used a large statewide claims database to describe the path of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) treatment among adults age < 65 years at diagnosis.

METHODS

We defined a cohort of commercially insured patients with HL who underwent hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) from 2009 to 2013 in the Massachusetts All-Payer Claims Database (APCD). The primary goals of our study were to accurately identify patients and their treatment patterns who had relapsed/refractory HL and underwent HSCT. We also characterized time to treatment failure and overall survival.

RESULTS

A total of 7,613 patients had International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, diagnostic codes for HL. From our algorithm, we identified 117 patients as part of the final cohort who underwent autologous and/or allogeneic HSCT. Median age was 39.0 years and 50.4% were female. Initial therapy was identified for 68 of the 117 patients (58.1%). Most (> 74.4%) of the identified transplants were autologous, and 19 patients (16.2%) underwent allogeneic transplant, with or without prior autologous transplant. Of the 68 patients with initial therapy data, the median time to HSCT after completion of initial treatment was 223.5 days (Q1 = 151.5, Q3 = 414.5).

CONCLUSION

We used the Massachusetts APCD to create a cohort of patients age < 65 years with relapsed/refractory HL. Our findings support the use of APCD for the large-scale analysis of patient characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes for young adult patients with hematologic malignancies.
Elacestrant (oral selective estrogen receptor degrader) Versus Standard Endocrine Therapy for Estrogen Receptor–Positive, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Negative Advanced Breast Cancer: Results From the Randomized Phase III EMERALD Trial
Authors: Bidard Francois-Clement , Kaklamani Virginia G. , Neven Patrick , Streich Guillermo , Montero Alberto J. , Forget Frédéric , Mouret-Reynier Marie-Ange , Sohn Joo Hyuk , Taylor Donatienne , Harnden Kathleen K. , Khong Hung , Kocsis Judit , Dalenc Florence , Dillon Patrick M. , Babu Sunil , Waters Simon , Deleu Ines , García Sáenz José A. , Bria Emilio , Cazzaniga Marina , Lu Janice , Aftimos Philippe , Cortés Javier , Liu Shubin , Tonini Giulia , Laurent Dirk , Habboubi Nassir , Conlan Maureen G. , Bardia Aditya
Published: May 2022

PURPOSE

Patients with pretreated estrogen receptor (ER)–positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–negative advanced breast cancer have poor prognosis. Elacestrant is a novel, oral selective ER degrader that demonstrated activity in early studies.

METHODS

This randomized, open-label, phase III trial enrolled patients with ER-positive/HER2-negative advanced breast cancer who had one-two lines of endocrine therapy, required pretreatment with a cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor, and ≤ 1 chemotherapy. Patients were randomly assigned to elacestrant 400 mg orally once daily or standard-of-care (SOC) endocrine monotherapy. Primary end points were progression-free survival (PFS) by blinded independent central review in all patients and patients with detectable ESR1 mutations.

RESULTS

Patients were randomly assigned to elacestrant (n = 239) or SOC (n = 238). ESR1 mutation was detected in 47.8% of patients, and 43.4% received two prior endocrine therapies. PFS was prolonged in all patients (hazard ratio = 0.70; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.88; P = .002) and patients with ESR1 mutation (hazard ratio = 0.55; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.77; P = .0005). Treatment-related grade 3/4 adverse events occurred in 7.2% receiving elacestrant and 3.1% receiving SOC. Treatment-related adverse events leading to treatment discontinuations were 3.4% in the elacestrant arm versus 0.9% in SOC. Nausea of any grade occurred in 35.0% receiving elacestrant and 18.8% receiving SOC (grade 3/4, 2.5% and 0.9%, respectively).

CONCLUSION

Elacestrant is the first oral selective ER degrader demonstrating a significant PFS improvement versus SOC both in the overall population and in patients with ESR1 mutations with manageable safety in a phase III trial for patients with ER-positive/HER2-negative advanced breast cancer.
Clinical Validity of 16α-[18F]Fluoro-17β-Estradiol Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography to Assess Estrogen Receptor Status in Newly Diagnosed Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: van Geel Jasper J.L. , Boers Jorianne , Elias Sjoerd G. , Glaudemans Andor W.J.M. , de Vries Erik F.J. , Hospers Geke A.P. , van Kruchten Michel , Kuip Evelien J.M. , Jager Agnes , Menke-van der Houven van Oordt Willemien C. , van der Vegt Bert , de Vries Elisabeth G.E. , Schröder Carolina P. ,   on behalf of the IMPACT-Metastatic Breast Consortium
Published: May 2022

PURPOSE

Determining the estrogen receptor (ER) status is essential in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) management. Whole-body ER imaging with 16α-[18F]fluoro-17β-estradiol positron emission tomography ([18F]FES-PET) is increasingly used for this purpose. To establish the clinical validity of the [18F]FES-PET, we studied the diagnostic accuracy of qualitative and quantitative [18F]FES-PET assessment to predict ER expression by immunohistochemistry in a metastasis.

METHODS

In a prospective multicenter trial, 200 patients with newly diagnosed MBC underwent extensive workup including molecular imaging. For this subanalysis, ER expression in the biopsied metastasis was related to qualitative whole-body [18F]FES-PET evaluation and quantitative [18F]FES uptake in the corresponding metastasis. A review and meta-analysis regarding [18F]FES-PET diagnostic performance were performed.

RESULTS

Whole-body [18F]FES-PET assessment predicted ER expression in the biopsied metastasis with good accuracy: a sensitivity of 95% (95% CI, 89 to 97), a specificity of 80% (66 to 89), a positive predictive value (PPV) of 93% (87 to 96), and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 85% (72 to 92) in 181 of 200 evaluable patients. Quantitative [18F]FES uptake predicted ER immunohistochemistry in the corresponding metastasis with a sensitivity/specificity of 91%/69% and a PPV/NPV of 90%/71% in 156 of 200 evaluable patients. For bone metastases, PPV/NPV was 92%/81%. Meta-analysis with addition of our data has increased diagnostic performance and narrowed the 95% CIs compared with previous studies with a sensitivity/specificity of both 86% (81 to 90 and 73 to 93, respectively).

CONCLUSION

In this largest prospective series so far, we established the clinical validity of [18F]FES-PET to determine tumor ER status in MBC. In view of the high diagnostic accuracy of qualitatively assessed whole-body [18F]FES-PET, this noninvasive imaging modality can be considered a valid alternative to a biopsy of a metastasis to determine ER status in newly MBC (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01957332 ).
Change in Circulating Levels of Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Sexual Function in Women With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Maio Antonietta , Maiorino Maria Ida , Longo Miriam , Scappaticcio Lorenzo , Pernice Vlenia , Cirillo Paolo , Caruso Paola , Paglionico Vanda Amoresano , Bellastella Giuseppe , Esposito Katherine
Published: May 2022

Context

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which are involved in the mechanisms of vascular repair and sexual function, are decreased in diabetic women compared with general population.

Objective

This work aimed to investigate the circulating levels of EPCs and the change in sexual function during the menstrual cycle in women with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) compared with healthy women.

Methods

This case-control observational study was conducted at the Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases at University Hospital “Luigi Vanvitelli’’ of Naples. Participants included 36 women with T1DM and 64 age-matched healthy controls. EPCs were quantified by flow cytometry and sexual function was assessed using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and the Female Sexual Distress Scale. All assessments were made at the follicular, ovulatory, and luteal phases of the same menstrual cycle. Main outcome measures included differences in EPCs levels and sexual function between patients and controls.

Results

Compared with controls, women with T1DM showed significantly lower levels of both CD34 + (P < .001) and CD34 + CD133 + cells (P < .001) in the ovulatory phase, and CD34 + KDR + cells both in the ovulatory phase and in the luteal phase (P < .001 for both). Diabetic women showed significantly lower total FSFI scores and higher FSDS score than control women in all phases of the menstrual cycle. FSFI total score was predicted by both CD34 + CD133 + and CD34 + KDR + cells in the follicular phase, CD34 + and CD34 + KDR + CD133 + cells in the ovulatory phase, and CD34 + KDR + and CD34 + KDR + CD133 + cells in the luteal phase.

Conclusion

Women with T1DM show lower levels of EPCs during the menstrual cycle compared with controls. EPCs count predicts sexual function in this selected population.
Pathogenic Copy Number and Sequence Variants in Children Born SGA With Short Stature Without Imprinting Disorders
Authors: Hara-Isono Kaori , Nakamura Akie , Fuke Tomoko , Inoue Takanobu , Kawashima Sayaka , Matsubara Keiko , Sano Shinichiro , Yamazawa Kazuki , Fukami Maki , Ogata Tsutomu , Kagami Masayo
Published: May 2022

Context

Children born small-for-gestational-age with short stature (SGA-SS) is associated with (epi)genetic defects, including imprinting disorders (IDs), pathogenic copy number variants (PCNVs), and pathogenic variants of genes involved in growth. However, comprehensive studies evaluating these 3 factors are very limited.

Objective

To clarify the contribution of PCNVs and candidate pathogenic variants to SGA-SS.

Design

Comprehensive molecular analyses consisting of methylation analysis, copy number analysis, and multigene sequencing.

Methods

We enrolled 140 patients referred to us for genetic testing for SGA-SS. Among them, we excluded 42 patients meeting Netchine–Harbison clinical scoring system criteria for Silver–Russell syndrome and 4 patients with abnormal methylation levels of the IDs-related differentially methylated regions. Consequently, we conducted copy number analysis and multigene sequencing for 86 SGA-SS patients with sufficient sample volume. We also evaluated clinical phenotypes of patients with PCNVs or candidate pathogenic variants.

Results

We identified 8 (9.3%) and 11 (12.8%) patients with PCNVs and candidate pathogenic variants, respectively. According to the American College of Medical Genetics standards and guidelines, 5 variants were classified as pathogenic and the remaining 6 variants were classified as variants of unknown significance. Genetic diagnosis was made in 12 patients. All patients with PCNVs or candidate pathogenic variants did not correspond perfectly to characteristic clinical features of each specific genetic cause.

Conclusion

We clarified the contribution of PCNVs and pathogenic variants to SGA-SS without IDs. Comprehensive molecular analyses, including copy number analysis and multigene sequencing, should be considered for patients with unknown SGA-SS etiology.
Self-Coronation
Authors: Srinivasan Doris Meth
Published: May 2022

Mathura's Hindu art opens with two deities performing a gesture I have named “the self-coronation gesture”; it has no antecedents in Indian art or texts. Śiva and the Warrior Goddess (possibly developing into Mahisāsuramardinī) bestow upon themselves an honorific crowning object, the floral garland. Wherefrom came this particular gesture? The paper assigns the gesture's origin to the Greek Olympian. From this source a progression is traced eastward, to ancient Bactria, then Gandhāra, finally to Mathura during the Kushan Age. The progression reveals an evolutionary iconographic process going from Western heroes, especially Heracles, to Eastern heroes, especially Vīras, from solid crowns to pliant wreaths, from one hand to two arms needed to make the gesture. The meaning also evolves: the gesture no longer has the Olympian connotation but continues to suggest a sublime triumph. Reading the way my original nomenclature had been applied by others, the paper comments on their feasibility, especially a problematic Kushan/post-Kushan interpretation of Mahisāsuramardinī executing the gesture. Iconographic gaps remain. Needed is further input from the Northwest on the gesture, the source of the Warrior Goddess, and the degree of intermingling between local, Northern cults with early Hinduism.
The United Steelworkers of America's Path to Private Security: The Postwar Retiree Crisis, Politics, and Communism, 1946–1949
Authors: Himes Henry
Published: May 2022

In 1949 the United Steelworkers of America (USWA) successfully bargained for a pension and social insurance system, opening the door for social insurance and pension bargaining across organized labor throughout the post–World War II era. Indeed, the explosion of security bargaining after World War II facilitated the growth of America's unique but flawed public-private welfare system. Many historians have viewed labor's postwar turn to collective bargaining in a negative light and have argued that due to the weakening of labor's political power in the immediate postwar era, labor abandoned its progressive postwar vision and instead opted for a more insular, less socially oriented agenda achieved at the bargaining table. This argument still holds true, but a close inspection of the USWA's postwar work highlights a more nuanced picture. The USWA was one of the few labor unions to challenge the constitutionality of the antilabor Taft-Hartley Act (1947). The union's fight against Taft-Hartley came into conflict with the union's dire need to bring long-term security to its members, especially after many steel corporations began arbitrarily terminating steelworkers at age sixty-five in 1946. Ultimately, the issue of delivering long-term security to USWA members overshadowed the union's effort to defeat Taft-Hartley. This article focuses on the USWA's effort to bring long-term security to its members from 1946 to 1949 and looks at the postwar retiree crises in steel, the weakness of the public and private welfare systems in that era, the Inland Steel decision, the USWA's challenge to Taft-Hartley, and 1949 bargaining.
VICO Y ZAMBRANO: DEL SABER POÉTICO AL SABER ENCARNADO
Authors: Zacarés Amparo
Published: May 2022

Entre Giambattista Vico (1668-1774) y María Zambrano (1904-1991) concurren muchas similitudes que en este año homenaje a la filósofa pueden rescatarse. Ambos filósofos nos invitan a centrarnos en ese otro logos y ese otro mirar, más piadoso, que puede ayudarnos a comprender de otra manera la experiencia subjetiva y colectiva actual. Hoy es urgente recuperar la estética como hermenéutica de la cultura y no como una disciplina meramente vinculada a las cuestiones formales de la belleza y del arte. De hecho, la crisis económica y sociopolítica contemporánea es el reflejo de una forma intelectualista heredada de entender el mundo de lo humano. Por ello, como pensamiento que realizó una crítica epistemológica al idealismo y que planteó genealógicamente nuestros orígenes desde la sensibilidad y la creatividad, la filosofía de Vico y de Zambrano constituyen una oportunidad que no debe dejarse pasar para crear un horizonte más humano y esperanzador del que parece dibujarse. PALABRAS CLAVE: G. Vico, M. Zambrano, cultura, estética, hermenéutica, razón poética, sabiduría poética, A. Zacarés.
LA OBJETIVIDAD DE LA INTERPRETACIÓN EN G. GENTILE A PROPÓSITO DE SU LECTURA DE VICO
Authors: Zúnica García Alfonso
Published: May 2022

Una de las principales críticas que recibieron las interpretaciones idealistas de Vico fue la falta de objetividad histórica. Según esos críticos, al haber reconstruido la filosofía de Vico a partir de y según su propia filosofía, estas interpretaciones tendrían el gran defecto de ser incapaces de investigar cómo fue y pensó realmente Vico. Este trabajo se propone reconstruir, en respuesta a dichas críticas, la concepción idealista sobre la objetividad de la interpretación, con el fin de plantear un renovado acercamiento a dichas interpretaciones. Aunque el trabajo toma como autor central a Gentile, también considera aspectos de la filosofía de Croce. PALABRAS CLAVE: Actualismo, B. Croce, G. Vico, G. Gentile, hermenéutica, idealismo italiano, interpretación, perspectivismo, A. Zúnica.
Jan Baudouin de Courtenay, Czy historia i filologia mogą umiejętnie rozwiązać swoje zadanie bez ścisłego związku z filozofią, a mianowicie z filozofią historii i filozofią języka?
Authors: Kowalski Mateusz
Published: May 2022

JAN BAUDOUIN DE COURTENAY: CAN HISTORY AND PHILOLOGY COMPETENTLY ADDRESS THEIR TASK WITHOUT A CLOSE CONNECTION WITH PHILOSOPHY, NAMELY PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE?
The thesis by Jan Baudouin de Courtenay published here is probably the oldest of the texts by the Polish linguist. The text was submitted in 1864 as a part of the logic and philosophy course taught at the Warsaw Main School by Henryk Struve. It clearly shows an attempt by the young researcher to embark on a scholarly path, which turns out to be far from the one Baudouin de Courtenay took later in his academic activity. The future linguist argues here in defence of linguistics as a so-called physical science (a natural skill, as he often calls it in his dissertation), thus contrasting it with philology and history.
Asset Trade, Real Investment, and a Tilting Financial Transaction Tax
Authors: Dieler Tobias , Biswas Sonny , Calzolari Giacomo , Castiglionesi Fabio
Published: May 2022

We study the impact of a financial transaction tax (FTT) in a model that combines asset trading and real investment. An informed trader holds private information about the fundamental value of a firm, and the firm’s manager relies on the asset price to infer such information and invest accordingly. We characterize an informative, but illiquid, equilibrium where the firm’s value is optimal but trade is inefficiently low, together with an uninformative equilibrium with maximal liquidity but inefficient firm value. Although an FTT inefficiently reduces trading, it may tilt the market’s equilibrium and make asset prices more informative. We characterize the situations in which one or the other of these two effects prevails. The analysis also helps us to reconcile some puzzling empirical evidence regarding the adoption of the FTT.

This paper was accepted by Bruno Biais, finance.
Antidiscrimination Laws, Artificial Intelligence, and Gender Bias: A Case Study in Nonmortgage Fintech Lending
Authors: Kelley Stephanie , Ovchinnikov Anton , Hardoon David R. , Heinrich Adrienne
Published: May 2022

Problem definition: We use a realistically large, publicly available data set from a global fintech lender to simulate the impact of different antidiscrimination laws and their corresponding data management and model-building regimes on gender-based discrimination in the nonmortgage fintech lending setting. Academic/practical relevance: Our paper extends the conceptual understanding of model-based discrimination from computer science to a realistic context that simulates the situations faced by fintech lenders in practice, where advanced machine learning (ML) techniques are used with high-dimensional, feature-rich, highly multicollinear data. We provide technically and legally permissible approaches for firms to reduce discrimination across different antidiscrimination regimes whilst managing profitability. Methodology: We train statistical and ML models on a large and realistically rich publicly available data set to simulate different antidiscrimination regimes and measure their impact on model quality and firm profitability. We use ML explainability techniques to understand the drivers of ML discrimination. Results: We find that regimes that prohibit the use of gender (like those in the United States) substantially increase discrimination and slightly decrease firm profitability. We observe that ML models are less discriminatory, of better predictive quality, and more profitable compared with traditional statistical models like logistic regression. Unlike omitted variable bias—which drives discrimination in statistical models—ML discrimination is driven by changes in the model training procedure, including feature engineering and feature selection, when gender is excluded. We observe that down sampling the training data to rebalance gender, gender-aware hyperparameter selection, and up sampling the training data to rebalance gender all reduce discrimination, with varying trade-offs in predictive quality and firm profitability. Probabilistic gender proxy modeling (imputing applicant gender) further reduces discrimination with negligible impact on predictive quality and a slight increase in firm profitability. Managerial implications: A rethink is required of the antidiscrimination laws, specifically with respect to the collection and use of protected attributes for ML models. Firms should be able to collect protected attributes to, at minimum, measure discrimination and ideally, take steps to reduce it. Increased data access should come with greater accountability for firms.

History: This paper has been accepted for the Manufacturing & Service Operations Management Special Section on Responsible Research in Operations Management.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.1108 .
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DUSUN JATEN, MRICO DAN BRUNO 1 UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETAHANAN PANGAN DENGAN PEMANFAATAN POTENSI LOKAL
Authors: Suryani Dyah , Kurniawan Dwi , Melizan Deli Surya , Putra Gusnardi
Published: May 2022

Food security is a challenge that gets priority for achieving national prosperity in this millennium. Ngestirejo Village, Tanjungsari Subdistrict, Gunungkidul Regency has a lot of natural resources such as agriculture, plantations, livestock, and tourism. However, the use of this region's potential by the community is not optimal. This is because the community does not have the skills, experience, knowledge, and motivation to explore the potential of the region. This situation has long been occurring but there has been no effort either personally, the community, or the government to change this pattern of behavior with the willingness to utilize regional potential optimally. The condition of this problem occurred in 3 hamlets, namely Jaten Hamlet, Mrico Hamlet and Bruno 1 Hamlet. So to overcome these problems, the program was implemented, namely community empowerment to improve food security by utilizing local potential. Methods of implementing this program include: community education, technology diffusion and practice. The impact of the results of this activity is 1). Increased community insight, especially PKK mothers about utilizing local potential; 2) Increased community creativity in processing cakes from local potential results; 3) Increased entrepreneurial spirit for the community.
PEMERIKSAAN GOLONGAN DARAH DAN KADAR HEMOGLOBIN PADA CALON PENDONOR DARAH DI PUSLATPUR, PLAYEN, GUNUNG KIDUL
Authors: Astuti Yuli , Artini Dyah
Published: May 2022

Latar Belakang kebutuhan darah setiap tahunnya mengalami peningkatan. Keberadaan calon pendonor darah memegang peranan penting dalam ketersediaan darah. Calon pendonor dalam mendonorkan darahnya wajib lolos seleksi pendonor darah. Pemeriksaan utama adalah pemeriksaan golongan darah dan hemoglobin .Tujuan dari pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah untuk melakukan pemeriksaan golongan darah dan Pemeriksaan Hemoglobin pada Calon Pendonor Darah di Puslatpur, Playen, Gunung Kidul.Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan ini direncanakan dalam Â tahapan yaitu : tahapan persiapan, dan tahap pelaksanaan. Tahapan persiapan meliputi pengurusan ijin, studi pendahuluan dengan observasi lapangan, pengumpulan bahan Â dan persiapan alat dan bahan pada saat kegiatanÂ serta koordinasi dengan pihak terkait. Tahapan pelaksanaan kegiatan adalah melakukan pemeriksaan golongan darah dan Pemeriksaan Hemoglobin pada Calon Pendonor Darah di Puslatpur, Playen, Gunung Kidul. Pada tahap pelaporan hasil dan evaluasi terdiri penyusunan laporan pertanggungjawaban kegiatan.Hasil pengabdian masyarakat ini terdapat dari 29 orang yang berkenan dilakukan pemeriksaan. Didapatkan hasil golongan darah A sejumlah 9 orang, gologan darah B sejumlah 6 orang, golongan darah O sejumlah 12 orang, dan golongan darah AB sejumlah 1 orang, dan golongan darah rhesus positif sebanyak 29 orang. Hasil pemeriksaan hemoglobin kadar hemoglobin 10-12 gr/dl adalah sejumlah 5 orang, dan kadar hemoglobin 12,1-14gr/dl sejumlah 12 orang dan kadar hemoglobin 14.1-16 gr/dl sejumlah 11 orang.Kesimpulan dari 29 peserta yang dilakukan pemeriksaan, hasil terbanyak untuk golongan darah adalah golongan darah O, dan 5 orang dengan kadar hemoglobin <12gr/dlKata kunci: Pemeriksaan hemoglobin, golongan darah, calon pendonor
PENDAMPINGAN MERANCANG PENELITIAN TINDAKAN KELAS DAN PENULISAN PUBLIKASI KEPADA GURU-GURU SD DI DESA SAKATIGA
Authors: Dewi Novi Rustiana , Yuliza Evi , Faruk Alfensi , Eliyati Ning
Published: May 2022

Penelitian Tindakan Kelas Â (PTK) merupakan penelitian yang dapat dilakukan guru dalam rangka memperbaiki proses pembelajaran untuk mencapai tujuan tertentu. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa sangat penting bagi guru untuk melakukan PTK. Peningkatan jenjang jabatan dan golongan bagi para guru memerlukan beberapa karya ilmiah yang dipublikasikan. Karya ilmiah dapat dihasilkan dari kegiatan PTK, oleh sebab itu perlu adanya tambahan wawasan bagi para guru bagaimana menuangkan hasil PTK ke dalam makalah ilmiah. Pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan tambahan wawasan akan pentingnya PTK dalam proses pembelajaran dan membantu para guru dalam menulis serta mempublikasikan hasil PTK pada jurnal nasional. Diharapkan dari kegiatan ini, para guru dapat melakukan PTK dan menulis makalah ilmiah dari hasil PTK yang sesuai metode ilmiah. Kegiatan pengabdian dilakukan dengan dua tahap, yaitu tahap pelaksanaan dan tahap pendampingan. Tahap pelaksanaan meliputi penyampaian materi PTK dan Penulisan ilmiah. Berdasarkan hasil kuesioner diketahui bahwa terdapat peningkatan Â mengenai pemahaman konsep PTK dan publikasi ilmiah antara sebelum penyampaian materi dan sesudah penyampaian materi. Tahap yang kedua adalah tahap pendampingan. Pada tahap ini dilakukan pendampingan penulisan dalam bentuk review draf artikel.
Dealing with trauma on my journey—‘alone’
Authors: Phillips Hannah
Published: May 2022

As Hannah Phillips navigates her travels and her new life in Dubai, she deals with suddenly needing surgery.
Soil Quality Investigation of an Abandoned Mine Area Using Geochemical and Geospatial Approach in Jantang Village
Authors: Aflah Nurul , Mulkal Mulkal , Muchlis Muchlis , Harisman Hendra , Alisastromijoyo Alisastromijoyo , Lubis Mirna Rahmah , Anggraini Jessica
Published: May 2022

The physical and chemical environmental impact in a mining area is inevitable, particularly for open pit mining areas. The impact could affect soil and water quality where mining activities, such as land clearing, blasting and hauling, occur. Thus, environmental monitoring in mining areas should be taken to measure the impact of mining activity for reclamation purposes. The objective of this research focuses on the measure of environmental impact on soil quality in terms of the nutrient content in an abandoned mine area at Jantang village, Lhoong, Aceh Besar. The research was conducted by collecting 15 soil samples, followed by laboratory analysis using atomic absorption spectrophotometry to investigate sampled 'soil's nutrients which are pH, Carbon (C-organic), Nitrogen (N-total), Phosphor (P-availability), and Ferro substance (Fe-concentration). In addition, to estimate the soil properties at locations outside the sampling area, a spatial interpolation method called inverse distance weight with an optimum power was used. The result shows that the soil is acidic, with low C-organic in the range of 0.02%–1.84%, N-total 0.02%–0.16%, and P-availability 0.55%–3.75%. In contrast, the Fe-concentration is very high, at 3000–3400 ppm.
Evaluation of Applying Urban Features Design Guides Concerning their Environmental Impact Inside Residential Complexes
Authors: Raof Binaee Yaseen
Published: May 2022

Urban population growth has affected the spread of residential buildings in many countries. The Kurdistan region of Iraq has been witnessing rapid progress in residential complex projects. The energy consumption in buildings, especially residential buildings, is immensely affected by the design of urban open spaces around these buildings. Accordingly, this has contributed to the massive increase in energy consumption. In this paper, through analyzing previous studies, the impacts of each of the urban features of open spaces (aspect ratio, orientation of street pattern, density, and spacing ratio) on both energy consumption and outdoor thermal comfort are introduced. Also, the study is to focus on the criteria of urban features of open spaces in three existing residential projects in Sulaimani city- Iraq, by considering that there is a remarkable unawareness of the influence of urban design on microclimate and energy use. Furthermore, a direct comparison between the ratios and the optimal settings of urban features of open spaces that reduce energy consumption in buildings and achieve outdoor thermal comfort for the hot-dry climate in the context of urban open spaces in residential complexes is made. The comparison shows that the aspect ratio for two selected residential projects is below the ideal urban features ratio, and at the same time, the density and spacing ratio for all the chosen residential cities is higher than the optimal urban features ratio of open spaces in hot arid climate zone and as a result, the total loads of energy increased.
Multilayer thermal control for high-altitude vertical imaging aerial cameras
Authors: Li Yanwei , Yuan Guoqin , Xie Xinwang , Dong Leigang , Yin Longhai
Published: May 2022

Aerial cameras play an important role in obtaining ground information. However, the complex and changeable aviation environment limits its application. Thermal control is vital in improving the environmental adaptability of the camera to obtain high-quality images. Conventional thermal control of aerial cameras is to directly implement active thermal control on the optical system, which is a single layer thermal control method. Such a method cannot isolate the optical system from the external environment. It results in a sharp increase in thermal control power consumption and in temperature gradient, which increases the difficulty of thermal control. Here, we propose a multilayer system-level thermal control approach by partitioning the aerial camera into two parts, i.e., the imaging system and the outline cabin. Two parts are connected by materials with poor thermal conductivity, and an air insulation interlayer is formed in between. Theoretical analysis is carried out to model the internal and external thermal environment of the aerial camera in a complex high-altitude environment. We study passive thermal control of the thermal insulation layer of the outline cabin, the optical window, the imaging optics, the CCD device, and the phase change material, and active thermal control of the thermal convection and heating film. Numerical modeling on the multilayer thermal control of the system is carried out and verified by the thermal equilibrium test and actual field flight test. The total power consumption of the thermal control system is 270 W. High-quality images are obtained when the temperature gradient of the optical lens is less than 5°C and the temperature of the CCD is lower than 30°C. Our technology is simple, accurate, low cost, and easy to implement compared to the conventional thermal control method. It effectively lowers the power consumption and reduces the difficulty of thermal control.
Manipulating the symmetry of transverse momentum entangled biphoton states
Authors: Gao Xiaoqin , Zhang Yingwen , D’Errico Alessio , Hufnagel Felix , Heshami Khabat , Karimi Ebrahim
Published: May 2022

Bell states are a fundamental resource in photonic quantum information processing. These states have been generated successfully in many photonic degrees of freedom. Their manipulation, however, in the momentum space remains challenging. Here, we present a scheme for engineering the symmetry of two-photon states entangled in the transverse momentum degree of freedom through the use of a spatially variable phase object. We demonstrate how a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer must be constructed to verify the symmetry in momentum entanglement via photon “bunching/anti-bunching” observation. We also show how this approach allows generating states that acquire an arbitrary phase under the exchange operation.
SWIR imaging using PbS QD photodiode array sensors
Authors: Chang Sehwan , Jin Junyoung , Kyhm Jihoon , Park Tae Hwan , Ahn Jongtae , Park Sung-Yul L. , Park Suk In , Hwang Do Kyung , Choi Sang Soo , Seong Tae-Yeon , Song Jin-Dong , Hwang Gyu Weon
Published: May 2022

We fabricated a 1 × 10 PbS QD photodiode array with multiple stacked QD layers with high-resolution patterning using a customized photolithographic process. The array showed the average responsivity of 5.54 × 10−3 A/W and 1.20 × 10−2 A/W at 0 V and -1 V under 1310- nm short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) illumination. The standard deviation of the pixel responsivity was under 10%, confirming the uniformity of the fabrication process. The response time was 2.2 ± 0.13 ms, and the bandwidth was 159.1 Hz. A prototype 1310-nm SWIR imager demonstrated that the QD photodiode-based SWIR image sensor is a cost-effective and practical alternative for III-V SWIR image sensors.
50-µm thick flexible dopant-free interdigitated-back-contact silicon heterojunction solar cells with front MoOx coatings for efficient antireflection and passivation
Authors: Lu Na , Lei Qiyun , Xu Xinan , Yang Liu , Yang Zhenhai , Liu Zunke , Zeng Yuheng , Ye Jichun , He Sailing
Published: May 2022

We demonstrate experimentally a flexible crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cell (SC) based on dopant-free interdigitated back contacts (IBCs) with thickness of merely 50 µm for, to the best of our knowledge, the first time. A MoOx thin film is proposed to cover the front surface and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) is boosted to over triple that of the uncoated SC. Compared with the four-time thicker SC, our thin SC is still over 77% efficient. Systematic studies show the front MoOx film functions for both antireflection and passivation, contributing to the excellent performance. A double-interlayer (instead of a previously-reported single interlayer) is identified at the MoOx/c-Si interface, leading to efficient chemical passivation. Meanwhile, due to the large workfunction difference, underneath the interface a strong built-in electric field is generated, which intensifies the electric field over the entire c-Si active layer, especially in the 50-µm thick layer. Photocarriers are expelled quickly to the back contacts with less recombined and more extracted. Besides, our thin IBC SC is highly flexible. When bent to a radius of 6 mm, its PCE is still 76.6% of that of the unbent cell. Fabricated with low-temperature and doping-free processes, our thin SCs are promising as cost-effective, light-weight and flexible power sources.
Magnetic and electric Purcell factor control through geometry optimization of high index dielectric nanostructures
Authors: Brûlé Yoann , Wiecha Peter , Cuche Aurélien , Paillard Vincent , Colas des Francs Gérard
Published: May 2022

We design planar silicon antennas for controlling the emission rate of magnetic or electric dipolar emitters. Evolutionary algorithms coupled to the Green Dyadic Method lead to different optimized geometries which depend on the nature and orientation of the dipoles. We discuss the physical origin of the obtained configurations thanks to modal analysis but also emphasize the role of nanoscale design of the LDOS. We complete our study using finite element method and demonstrate an enhancement up to 2 × 103 of the magnetic Purcell factor in europium ions. Our work brings together random optimizations to explore geometric parameters without constraint, a first order deterministic approach to understand the optimized designs and a modal analysis which clarifies the physical origin of the exaltation of the magnetic Purcell effect.
Linearization of light scattering properties based on the physical-geometric optics method
Authors: Liang Dongbin , Sun Bingqiang
Published: May 2022

The algorithm based on the physical-geometric optics method is developed to compute the linearization of single-scattering properties, such as extinction, absorption and scattering cross-sections, and the scattering phase matrix. The algorithm can be applied to any convex facet particles, where a new beam-splitting technique is employed. With the introduction of the winding number method, beams incident on multiple facets can be precisely divided into independent parts that are incident on single facets. The linearization algorithm is verified by the finite-difference method using the regular hexagonal prism. The sensitivities of single-scattering properties with respect to size, aspect ratio, and refractive index are discussed.
Feature issue introduction: advanced solid-state lasers
Authors: Bowers Mark S. , Canalias Carlota , Mirov Sergey , Nilsson Johan , Saraceno Clara J. , Schunemann Peter G.
Published: May 2022

This joint issue of Optics Express and Optical Materials Express features 36 state-of-the art articles written by authors who participated in the international conference advanced solid state lasers held online from October 3-7, 2021. This review provides a summary of these articles covering a wide spectrum of topics around solid-state lasers from materials research to sources and from design innovation to applications.