bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal normative standards for cognitive tests and composites using harmonized data from two Wisconsin AD‐risk‐enriched cohorts
Authors: Jonaitis Erin M. , Hermann Bruce P. , Mueller Kimberly D. , Clark Lindsay R. , Du Lianlian , Betthauser Tobey J. , Cody Karly , Gleason Carey E. , Christian Bradley T. , Asthana Sanjay , Chappell Richard J. , Chin Nathaniel A. , Johnson Sterling C. , Langhough Rebecca E.
Published: March 2024

INTRODUCTION

Published norms are typically cross‐sectional and often are not sensitive to preclinical cognitive changes due to dementia. We developed and validated demographically adjusted cross‐sectional and longitudinal normative standards using harmonized outcomes from two Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk‐enriched cohorts.

METHODS

Data from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention and the Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center were combined. Quantile regression was used to develop unconditional (cross‐sectional) and conditional (longitudinal) normative standards for 18 outcomes using data from cognitively unimpaired participants (N = 1390; mean follow‐up = 9.25 years). Validity analyses (N = 2456) examined relationships between percentile scores (centiles), consensus‐based cognitive statuses, and AD biomarker levels.

RESULTS

Unconditional and conditional centiles were lower in those with consensus‐based impairment or biomarker positivity. Similarly, quantitative biomarker levels were higher in those whose centiles suggested decline.

DISCUSSION

This study presents normative standards for cognitive measures sensitive to pre‐clinical changes. Future directions will investigate potential clinical applications of longitudinal normative standards.

Highlights

Quantile regression was used to construct longitudinal norms for cognitive tests.

Poorer percentile scores were related to concurrent diagnosis and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers.

A ShinyApp was built to display test scores and norms and flag low performance.
α‐Synuclein Pathology in PRKN‐Linked Parkinson's Disease: New Insights from a Blood‐Based Seed Amplification Assay
Authors: Kluge Annika , Borsche Max , Streubel‐Gallasch Linn , Gül Tuğçe , Schaake Susen , Balck Alexander , Prasuhn Jannik , Campbell Philip , Morris Huw R. , Schapira Anthony H. , Lohmann Katja , Brüggemann Norbert , Rakovic Aleksandar , Seibler Philip , Başak A. Nazlı , Berg Daniela , Klein Christine
Published: March 2024

Pathogenic variants in PRKN cause early‐onset Parkinson's disease (PD), while the role of alpha‐synuclein in PRKN‐PD remains uncertain. One study performed a blood‐based alpha‐synuclein seed amplification assay (SAA) in PRKN‐PD, not detecting seed amplification in 17 PRKN‐PD patients. By applying a methodologically different SAA focusing on neuron‐derived extracellular vesicles, we demonstrated alpha‐synuclein seed amplification in 8 of 13 PRKN‐PD patients, challenging the view of PRKN‐PD as a non‐synucleinopathy. Moreover, we performed blinded replication of the neuron‐derived extracellular vesicles‐dependent SAA in idiopathic PD patients and healthy controls. In conclusion, blood‐based neuron‐derived extracellular vesicles‐dependent SAA represents a promising biomarker to elucidate the underpinnings of (monogenic) PD. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:1173–1177
Hydrogels with Differentiated Hydrogen‐Bonding Networks for Bioinspired Stress Response
Authors: Zhao Wei , Wu Baohu , Lei Zhouyue , Wu Peiyi
Published: March 2024

Stress response, an intricate and autonomously coordinated reaction in living organisms, holds a reversible, multi‐path, and multi‐state nature. However, existing stimuli‐responsive materials often exhibit single‐step and monotonous reactions due to the limited integration of structural components. Inspired by the cooperative interplay of extensor and flexor cells within Mimosa's pulvini, we present a hydrogel with differentiated hydrogen‐bonding (H‐bonding) networks designed to enable the biological stress response. Weak H‐bonding domains resemble flexor cells, confined within a hydrophobic network stabilized by strong H‐bonding clusters (acting like extensor cells). Under external force, strong H‐bonding clusters are disrupted, facilitating water diffusion from the bottom layer and enabling transient expansion pressure gradient along the thickness direction. Subsequently, water diffuses upward, gradually equalizing the pressure, while weak H‐bonding domains undergo cooperative elastic deformation. Consequently, the hydrogel autonomously undergoes a sequence of reversible and pluralistic motion responses, similar to Mimosa's touch‐triggered stress response. Intriguingly, it exhibits stress‐dependent color shifts under polarized light, highlighting its potential for applications in time‐sensitive “double‐lock” information encryption systems. This work achieves the coordinated stress response inspired by natural tissues using a simple hydrogel, paving the way for substantial advancements in the development of intelligent soft robots.
Achieving Strong Circularly Polarized Luminescence through Cascade Cationic Insertion in Lead‐free Hybrid Metal Halides
Authors: Song Tao , Wang Cheng‐Qiang , Lu Haolin , Mu Xi‐Jiao , Wang Bo‐Long , Liu Ji‐Zhong , Ma Bo , Cao Jing , Sheng Chuan‐Xiang , Long Guankui , Wang Qiang , Zhang Hao‐Li
Published: March 2024

Generating circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) with simultaneous high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and dissymmetry factor (glum) is difficult due to usually unmatched electric transition dipole moment (μ) and magnetic transition dipole moment (m) of materials. Herein we tackle this issue by playing a “cascade cationic insertion” trick to achieve strong CPL (with PLQY of ~100 %) in lead‐free metal halides with high glum values reaching −2.3×10−2 without using any chiral inducers. Achiral solvents of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and N, N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) infiltrate the crystal lattice via asymmetric hydrogen bonding, distorting the perovskite structure to induce the “intrinsic” chirality. Surprisingly, additional insertion of Cs+ cation to substitute partial (CH3)2NH2+ transforms the chiral space group to achiral but the crystal maintains chiroptical activity. Further doping of Sb3+ stimulates strong photoluminescence as a result of self‐trapped excitons (STEs) formation without disturbing the crystal framework. The chiral perovskites of indium‐antimony chlorides embedded on LEDs chips demonstrate promising potential as CPL emitters. Our work presents rare cases of chiroptical activity of highly luminescent perovskites from only achiral building blocks via spontaneous resolution as a result of symmetry breaking.
Interface‐Targeting Carrier‐Catalytic Integrated Design Contributing to Lithium Dihalide‐Rich SEI toward High Interface Stability for Long‐Life Solid‐State Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhou Xuanyi , Huang Fenfen , Zhang Xuedong , Zhang Biao , Cui Yingjie , Wang Zehua , Yang Qiong , Ma Zengsheng , Liu Jun
Published: March 2024

The generation of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) largely determines the comprehensive performance of all‐solid‐state batteries. Herein, a novel “carrier‐catalytic” integrated design is strategically exploited to in situ construct a stable LiF‐LiBr rich SEI by improving the electron transfer kinetics to accelerate the bond‐breaking dynamics. Specifically, the high electron transport capacity of Br‐TPOM skeleton increases the polarity of C−Br, thus promoting the generation of LiBr. Then, the enhancement of electron transfer kinetics further promotes the fracture of C−F from TFSI− to form LiF. Finally, the stable and homogeneous artificial‐SEI with enriched lithium dihalide is constructed through the in situ co‐growth mechanism of LiF and LiBr, which facilitatse the Li‐ion transport kinetics and regulates the lithium deposition behavior. Impressively, the PEO‐Br‐TPOM paired with LiFePO4 delivers ultra‐long cycling stability over 1000 cycles with 81 % capacity retention at 1 C while the pouch cells possess 88 % superior capacity retention after 550 cycles with initial discharge capacity of 145 mAh g−1at 0.2 C in the absence of external pressure. Even under stringent conditions, the practical pouch cells possess the practical capacity with stable electric quantities plateau in 30 cycles demonstrates its application potential in energy storage field.
Mercury‐Group 13 Metal Covalent Bonds: A Systematic Comparison of Aluminyl, Gallyl and Indyl Metallo‐ligands
Authors: Griffin Liam P. , Ellwanger Mathias A. , Crumpton Agamemnon E. , Roy Matthew M. D. , Heilmann Andreas , Aldridge Simon
Published: March 2024

Bimetallic compounds containing direct metal‐group 13 element bonds have been shown to display unprecedented patterns of cooperative reactivity towards small molecules, which can be influenced by the identity of the group 13 element. In this context, we present here a systematic appraisal of group 13 metallo‐ligands of the type [(NON)E]− (NON=4,5‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylanilido)‐2,7‐di‐tert‐butyl‐9,9‐dimethylxanthene) for E=Al, Ga and In, through a comparison of structural and spectroscopic parameters associated with the trans L or X ligands in linear d10 complexes of the types LM{E(NON)} and XM′{E(NON)}. These studies are facilitated by convenient syntheses (from the In(I) precursor, InCp) of the potassium indyl species [{K(NON)In}⋅KCp]n (1) and [(18‐crown‐6)2K2Cp] [(NON)In] (1′), and lead to the first structural characterisation of Ag−In and Hg−E (E=Al, In) covalent bonds. The resulting structural, spectroscopic and quantum chemical probes of Ag/Hg complexes are consistent with markedly stronger σ‐donor capabilities of the aluminyl ligand, [(NON)Al]−, over its gallium and indium counterparts.
Design and hydraulic study of double‐partition dividing‐wall column
Authors: Guan Shengyi , Li Yongshuai , Li Gaoyang , Zhu Litao , Pan Hui , Ling Hao
Published: March 2024

Dividing‐wall column (DWC) provides tremendous advantages in terms of energy savings and capital costs for three‐component and even multi‐component separations. With increasing industrial application of three‐component DWCs, DWCs for separation of four‐component have received considerable research attention. The aim of this work is to investigate the design of the two‐staggered wall region and gas–liquid two‐phase flow behavior on the tray in a double‐partition DWC (DPDWC). The Aspen Plus was applied to simulate the steady state to obtain the gas–liquid‐phase flow rate in each region to serve as the basis for the tray design. In different task regions, the gas‐ and liquid‐phase flow varied in some ways. The drag models have variability for the study of fluid flow, and the Tomiyama model is more appropriate. Moreover, high‐velocity gradients and recirculating phenomenon can be discovered owing to the existence of multiple partitions in DPDWC.
Influence of N,N′‐ethylene bis oleamide on the flowability of the acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene resin and lubrication mechanism
Authors: Sun Xiang , Lu Shulai , Song Zhenbiao , Kang Ning , Zhao Shicheng
Published: March 2024

As a high‐performance engineering plastic, the acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) resin possesses excellent heat resistance, chemical resistance, and toughness. However, there is a lack of flow properties of the ABS resin for many processing operations. With the aim of enhancing the flowability of the ABS resin, the effect of N,N′‐ethylene bis oleamide (EBO) as a new lubricant on the melt flow rate (MFR), torque value, and rheological behavior of the ABS resin was investigated. The result showed the MFR of the ABS resin with 2.0 wt% EBO was 22.1 g/10 min, which was improved by 49% compared with the pure ABS resin (14.8 g/10 min). The torque value of the ABS resin, including 2.0 wt% EBO (1.69 N m) was lower than that of the pure ABS resin (2.03 N m). The rheological study further indicated that EBO can reduce the complex viscosity of the ABS resin. The above results indicated that EBO was an effective lubricant for the ABS resin. A possible lubrication mechanism was proposed based on the consequences of the rotational rheometry, dynamic mechanical analysis, and molecular dynamics simulation. EBO decreased the entanglement density of the polystyrene‐acrylonitrile (SAN) molecular chains and increased the mobility of the SAN molecular chain segments. On the other hand, EBO increased the free space of motion of the SAN molecular chain segments due to the free‐volume effect thereby increasing the mean square displacement of the system. This work will provide a new way to achieve the high‐flow ABS resin and provide new insights into the lubrication mechanism of lubricants in the ABS resin thereby expanding the applications of the ABS resin.
A comparative study on grasping‐related muscles in five Accipitriformes species
Authors: Wang Lin , Liu Xiyuan , Zhang Zihui
Published: March 2024

Accipitriformes are diverse in their prey preferences and use their grasping feet for hunting. Little is known about the architectural design of muscles related to grasping among species of different sizes, diets, and foraging behaviors. In the present study, we report quantitative data and analysis of the pelvic musculature of the Japanese sparrowhawk (Accipiter gularis), Eurasian sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus), common buzzard (Buteo buteo), northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis), and cinereous vulture (Aegypius monachus). As expected, mass and architecture of the considered muscles were very different between the cinereous vulture and the four other species. The cinereous vulture allocates more mass and physiological cross‐sectional area (PCSA) to the proximally inserted flexor muscles, which indicates the rudimentary grasping ability of the foot and is a myological reflection of its carrion preference. Furthermore, in the cinereous vulture, muscles were built with the lowest architectural index (AI) compared with the other species, and the intrinsic foot muscles were short‐fibered, which is disadvantageous for rapid manipulation and foot dexterity. The other four species, as a whole, featured large flexor hallucis longus (FHL) muscles and better development of distally inserted flexors, reflecting their predatory lifestyle. Some differences were also found between the species that consumed birds and those that consumed mammals. The two avivorous species were superior in AI and fiber length of the intrinsic foot muscles which are suitable for good hunting speed and digit flexibility, the prerequisition for hunting agile prey.
MXene/Silk Fibroin Strengthened PVA–Based Eutectogel with Excellent Self–Healing Ability and Environmental Adaptability: Design, Synthesis, and Sensing Application
Authors: Zhai Hanlin , Yue Chen , Li Zhangpeng , Ma Limin , Wang Tingting , Zhang Hong , Wang Jinqing , Yang Shengrong
Published: March 2024

A superelastic self–healing eutectogel was designed and prepared using poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as the bulk skeleton material, while silk fibroin (SF) and two–dimensional (2D) MXene (Ti3C2TX) as reinforcing fillers. In brief, the eutectogel possesses a high tensile strength of 7.63 MPa, and its elongation at break reached 1115.2%, higher than most reported polymers (<1000%). In addition, the eutectogel–assembled sensor has a high ionic conductivity of 0.61 S/m and a high strain sensitivity of 5.17 kPa−1. Moreover, eutectogel shows excellent self–healing ability and can achieve self–healing quickly within 10 min, while its tensile strength and elongation at break can be restored to 84.7% and 97.4% of the initial levels. Besides, a stable electrical signal can be transmitted after 200 cycles at 30% strain. Finally, the eutectogel can withstand various environmental conditions, such as atmospheric or even vacuum evaporation and low–temperature freezing, while maintaining good mechanical and sensing performances. The assembled flexible sensors based on the eutectogel demonstrate their significant application prospects in wearable devices, especially human physiological monitoring.
Development of Anisotropic Electrically Conductive GNP‐Reinforced PCL‐Collagen Scaffold for Enhanced Neurogenic Differentiation under Electrical Stimulation
Authors: Ghosh Souvik , Roy Partha , Lahiri Debrupa
Published: March 2024

The internal electric field of the human body plays a crucial role in regulating various biological processes, such as, cellular interactions, embryonic development and the healing process. Electrical stimulation (ES) modulates cytoskeleton and calcium ion activities to restore nervous system functioning. When exposed to electrical fields, stem cells respond similarly to neurons, muscle cells, blood vessel linings, and connective tissue (fibroblasts), depending on their environment. This study develops cost‐effective electroconductive scaffolds for regenerative therapy. This was achieved by incorporating carboxy functionalized graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) into a Polycaprolactone (PCL)‐collagen matrix. ES was used to assess the scaffolds′ propensity to boost neuronal differentiation from MSCs. This study reported that aligned GNP‐reinforced PCL‐Collagen scaffolds demonstrate substantial MSC differentiation with ES. This work effectively develops scaffolds using a simple, cost‐effective synthesis approach. The direct coupling approach generated a homogeneous electric field to stimulate cells cultured on GNP‐reinforced scaffolds. The scaffolds exhibited improved mechanical and electrical characteristics, as a result of the reinforcement with carbon nanofillers. In vitro results suggest that electrical stimulation helps differentiation of mesenchymal stem‐like cells (MSC‐like) towards neuronal. This finding holds great potential for the development of effective treatments for tissue injuries related to the nervous system.
Biocompatible Gold Nanoparticles‐Modified Fluorine Doped Tin Oxide Electrode for the Fabrication of Enzyme‐Free Glucose Sensor
Authors: Abu Nayem S. M. , Islam Santa , Shah Syed Shaheen , Awal Abdul , Ghann William , Anand Deepak , Ahmad Irshad , Uddin Jamal , Aziz Md. Abdul , Saleh Ahammad A. J.
Published: March 2024

This work demonstrates the use of jute stick extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent for the synthesis of spherical gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). In UV‐Vis spectroscopy, peak at 550 nm was used to confirm the formation of AuNPs. The spherical surface morphology of AuNPs was determined through SEM and TEM analysis. While XRD investigation revealed the crystallinity of the prepared AuNPs. To ensure the biocompatibility of synthesized AuNPs, a bacterial investigation was conducted with negative results towards bacterial strain. The, modified FTO with AuNPs were able to detect glucose in CV analysis and the constructed sensor displayed a wide linear range of 50 μM to 40 mM with a detection limit of 20 μM. Scan rate analysis was performed to determine the charge transfer coefficient (0.42) and Tafel slope (102 mV/decade). Furthermore, the interfacial surface mechanism is illustrated to understand the interaction of glucose with the electrode surface in an alkaline medium and the product formation through the dehydrogenation and hydrolysis process. The prepared sensor also showed good stability, reproducibility, and anti‐interference capabilities. In the case of real sample analysis, we used a blood serum sample. A low RSD value (<10 %) suggests the practical use of AuNPs/FTO in real‐life applications.
Construction and validation of artificial intelligence pathomics models for predicting pathological staging in colorectal cancer: Using multimodal data and clinical variables
Authors: Tan Yang , Liu Run , Xue Jia‐wen , Feng Zhenbo
Published: March 2024

Objective

This retrospective observational study aims to develop and validate artificial intelligence (AI) pathomics models based on pathological Hematoxylin–Eosin (HE) slides and pathological immunohistochemistry (Ki67) slides for predicting the pathological staging of colorectal cancer. The goal is to enable AI‐assisted accurate pathological staging, supporting healthcare professionals in making efficient and precise staging assessments.

Methods

This study included a total of 267 colorectal cancer patients (training cohort: n = 213; testing cohort: n = 54). Logistic regression algorithms were used to construct the models. The HE image features were used to build the HE model, the Ki67 image features were used for the Ki67 model, and the combined model included features from both the HE and Ki67 images, as well as tumor markers (CEA, CA724, CA125, and CA242). The predictive results of the HE model, Ki67 model, and tumor markers were visualized through a nomogram. The models were evaluated using ROC curve analysis, and their clinical value was estimated using decision curve analysis (DCA).

Results

A total of 260 deep learning features were extracted from HE or Ki67 images. The AUC for the HE model and Ki67 model in the training cohort was 0.885 and 0.890, and in the testing cohort, it was 0.703 and 0.767, respectively. The combined model and nomogram in the training cohort had AUC values of 0.907 and 0.926, and in the testing cohort, they had AUC values of 0.814 and 0.817. In clinical DCA, the net benefit of the Ki67 model was superior to the HE model. The combined model and nomogram showed significantly higher net benefits compared to the individual HE model or Ki67 model.

Conclusion

The combined model and nomogram, which integrate pathomics multi‐modal data and clinical‐pathological variables, demonstrated superior performance in distinguishing between Stage I–II and Stage III colorectal cancer. This provides valuable support for clinical decision‐making and may improve treatment strategies and patient prognosis. Furthermore, the use of immunohistochemistry (Ki67) slides for pathomics modeling outperformed HE slide, offering new insights for future pathomics research.
Exploring resonance theory and uncontrollability during co‐creative art making: A qualitative study among cancer patients
Authors: Weeseman Yvonne , Scherer‐Rath Michael , Christophe Nirav , Dörr Henny , Helmich Esther , Sprangers Mirjam A. G. , van Poecke Niels , van Laarhoven Hanneke W. M.
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Co‐creation, characterised by artists and patients creating a joint work of art, may support patients with the integration of life events, such as living with cancer, into their life story. In the process of co‐creation, resonance relationships between patients, artists and material may evolve that support such integration. Using the framework of resonance theory, we aim to investigate if and how patients move through the three phases of resonance during a process of co‐creation and explore the role of uncontrollability in this process.

Methods

Ten patients who received cancer treatment with palliative intent completed co‐creation processes, which were audio recorded. These recordings were imported in Atlas‐Ti and analysed by applying content analysis. We searched for the three phases of resonance, Being affected, touched and moved; Self‐efficacy and responding; Adaptive transformation. We additionally searched for signs of uncontrollability.

Results

Patients used 4–8 sessions (median 5 sessions) with a duration 90–240 min per session (median duration 120 min). We found that patients move through the three phases of resonance during co‐creation processes. Uncontrollability both presents a challenge and an invitation to integrate experiences of contingency into one's life narrative. Patients express self‐recognition and the experience of contingency in their work of art.

Conclusions

Integration of experiences of contingency into a life narrative can be supported by the process of co‐creation of art, which invites patients to relate to their illness, their environment and themselves. The phases of resonance in combination with uncontrollability as a continuously present factor, provide a means to both study and support the integration of experiences of contingency into the life narrative.
Exosomal miR‐1470 is a diagnostic biomarker and promotes cell proliferation and metastasis in colorectal cancer
Authors: Wu Yawen , Zhang Jie , Lin Fanfeng , Zhao Yajing , Zheng Baibing , Zhou Na , Zhang Zhe , Li Guanghao , Xie Li
Published: March 2024

Background

In recent years,the lack of specific markers for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer has led to an upward trend in both morbidity and mortality from this condition. There is an urgent need to identify molecular biomarkers that contribute to early cancer detection. This study aimed to identify specific exosomal microRNAs that hold potential as diagnostic biomarkers for CRC.

Methods

We screened for differentially expressed miRNAs using the CRC exosome dataset GSE39833. To validate the results in the public database, we collected serum from 168 CRC patients and 168 healthy volunteers. The expression levels of exosomal miR‐1470 in healthy volunteers and CRC patients were analyzed using qRT‐PCR. To evaluate the diagnostic potential of the selected miR‐1470 in distinguishing CRC patients from healthy controls, we analyzed its receiver operating characteristic curve. To explore the biological functions of miR‐1470 in CRC cell lines, we detected the miR‐1470's ability to regulate the growth and metastasis of CRC cells by CCK8, transwell and other assays after transfection of miR‐1470 in SW480, HCT‐116 cells.

Results

Exosomal miR‐1470 exhibited significant up‐regulation in CRC patients compared to healthy volunteers. The ROC curve analysis revealed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.74 (95% confidence interval: 0.6876–0.7920) for exosomal miR‐1470, indicating its potential as a diagnostic biomarker. Furthermore, the expression level of miR‐1470 in CRC patients showed correlations with age, metastasis, and HDL content. We overexpressed miR‐1470 in CRC cell lines. CCK8 proliferation assay showed that miR‐1470 promoted the proliferation ability of SW480 and HCT‐116 cells. Transwell assay showed that miR‐1470 promoted the migration and invasion ability of SW480 and HCT‐116 cells.

Conclusion

This suggested that non‐invasive diagnosis of CRC is possible by detecting the level of miR‐1470 in exosomes, which has important implications for early detection and treatment of this disease.
Comparison of the multiples of the median of serum anti‐müllerian hormone and pregnancy outcomes in patients with gestational trophoblastic disease: A case–control study
Authors: Lai Theodora Hei Tung , Lau Lesley Suk Kwan , Ngu Siew Fei , Chu Man Yee Mandy , Chan Karen Kar Loen , Ng Ernest Hung Yu , Ngan Hextan Yuen Sheung , Li Raymond Hang Wun , Tse Ka Yu
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Chemotherapy is crucial in treating gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN), but its impact on gonadotoxicity is unclear.

Materials and Methods

This case–control study included 57 GTN patients and 19 age‐matched patients with molar pregnancies (MP) in 2012–2018. Multiples of the median (MoM) of the serum AMH levels were compared between the two groups, and between patients using single‐agent and combination chemotherapy, at baseline, 6, 12, and 24 months after treatment. Their pregnancy outcomes were also compared.

Results

There was no significant difference in the MoM of serum AMH between GTN and MP groups at all time points. Single‐agent chemotherapy did not adversely affect the MoM. However, those receiving combination chemotherapy had lower MoM than those receiving single‐agent chemotherapy at all time points. The trend of decline from the baseline was marginally significant in patients with combination chemotherapy, but the drop was only significant at 12 months (Z = −2.69, p = 0.007) but not at 24 months (Z = −1.90; p = 0.058). Multivariable analysis revealed that combination chemotherapy did not affect the MoM. There was no significant difference in the 4‐year pregnancy rate and the livebirth rate between the single‐agent and combination groups who attempting pregnancy, but it took 1 year longer to achieve the first pregnancy in the combination group compared to the single‐agent group (2.88 vs. 1.88 years).

Conclusion

This study showed combination chemotherapy led to a decreasing trend of MoM of serum AMH especially at 12 months after treatment, but the drop became static at 24 months. Although pregnancy is achievable, thorough counseling is still needed in this group especially those wish to achieve pregnancy 1–2 years after treatment or with other risk factors.
Understanding the effectiveness of influencer recommendation information on social media platforms
Authors: Wang Fei , Zhang Chang , Lin Feiyan , Chi Maomao , Zhao Jing
Published: March 2024

Existing social media influencer marketing research mainly explores how to enhance followers purchase intentions through the mechanisms of improving the follower–influencer relationship, however leaves research gaps regarding how to design effective influencer recommendation information (IRI) to stimulate consumer purchase behaviors. To address the gaps, a research model was established based on the information adoption model. This study collected 2276 influencer recommendation posts from typical Chinese social media influencer marketing platform WeChat Shopping Circle. Text‐mining methods were used to develop measurements from influencer posts, and survey data were collected from 20 participants from a large Chinese university to validate measurements. Using negative binomial regression, the empirical study found that the number of consumers who purchase recommended products is determined by the usefulness of IRI, whereby being further affected by content expertise, content novelty, and platform endorsement to influencers. The type of recommended products moderates the relationship between these influencing factors and information usefulness. This study makes contributions by revealing the informational influence mechanism of IRI and identifying what factors can exert effective informational influence for different types of products. It also offers practical implications for the design of influencer recommendation strategies.
New Hydroxyphenylacetic Acids and α‐Pyrone Derivative from the Deep‐Sea Cold Seep Sediment‐Derived Fungus Penicillium corylophilum CS‐682
Authors: Zhu Chi‐Sheng , Li Xiao‐Ming , Yang Sui‐Qun , Liu Yi‐Wei , Wang Bin‐Gui , Li Xin
Published: March 2024

Two pairs of new enantiomeric hydroxyphenylacetic acid derivatives, (±)‐corylophenols A and B ((±)‐1 and (±)‐2), a new α‐pyrone analogue, corylopyrone A (3), and six andrastin‐type meroterpenoids (4–9) were isolated and identified from the deep‐sea cold‐seep sediment‐derived fungus Penicillium corylophilum CS‐682. Their structures and stereo configurations were determined by detailed spectroscopic analysis of NMR and MS data, chiral HPLC analysis, J‐based configuration analysis, and quantum chemical calculations of ECD, specific rotation, and NMR (with DP4+ probability analysis). Compound 3 showed inhibitory activity against some strains of pathogenic bacteria.
Balloon rupture during transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Basman Craig , Landers David , Kliger Chad , Rodriguez‐Barragan Karla , Yoon Sung‐Han , Faraz Haroon , Patel Ankitkumar , Dudiy Yuriy , Anderson Mark , Kaple Ryan
Published: March 2024

A distinctive complication with balloon‐expandable (BE) THV platforms such as the Edwards Sapien (Edwards Lifescience) is the possibility of balloon rupture during THV deployment. Balloon rupture is a rare occurrence that can result in stroke due to fragment embolism, incomplete THV expansion, and/or vascular injury upon retrieval of the balloon. Careful evaluation of preoperative computed tomography is essential to identify high‐risk cases. While annular and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) calcification are widely acknowledged as common risks for balloon injury, it's essential to note that balloon injury can manifest at various anatomical sites. In this review, we discuss the mechanism behind balloon rupture, methods to identify cases at a heightened risk of balloon injury, approaches to mitigate the risk of rupture, and percutaneous retrieval strategies.
Scalable Bioreactor Production of an O2‐Protected [FeFe]‐Hydrogenase Enables Simple Aerobic Handling for Clean Chemical Synthesis
Authors: Cleary Sarah E. , Hall Stephen J. , Galan‐Bataller Regina , Lurshay Tara C. , Hancox Charlotte , Williamson James J. , Heap John T. , Reeve Holly A. , Morra Simone
Published: March 2024

The enzyme CbA5H, a [FeFe]‐hydrogenase from Clostridium beijerinckii, has previously been shown to survive exposure to oxygen, making it a promising candidate for biotechnological applications. Thus far [NiFe]‐hydrogenases are typically considered for such applications, due to the superior O2‐tolerance and therefore simplified enzyme handling. However, methods for production of [FeFe]‐hydrogenases are generally more successful than for other classes of hydrogenases, therefore in this work we focus on demonstrating scalable CbA5H production, and report results with active enzyme prepared in bioreactors (up to 10 L) with >20‐fold improvement in purified enzyme yield. We then go on to confirm excellent H2/H+‐cycling activity of the air‐purified protein, highlighting that CbA5H can be prepared and isolated without the need for complex and expensive infrastructure. Next, we demonstrate good stability of the air‐purified CbA5H both in solution assays, and as a heterogenous catalyst system when immobilized on a carbon support. Finally, we successfully implement this enzyme within previously demonstrated biotechnologies for flavin and NADH recycling, highlighting its relevance in chemical synthesis, and we demonstrate production of an important API precursor, 3‐quinuclidinol at >0.4 g scale in standard benchtop hydrogenation infrastructure, with >100,000 CbA5H turnovers over 18 operational hours.
Ultralow charge–discharge voltage gap of 0.05 V in sunlight‐responsive neutral aqueous Zn–air battery
Authors: Niu Zhimin , Gao Yan , Wu Tianhui , Zhang Fei , Zhao Ran , Chen Zijia , Yuan Yiming , Jiao Tifeng , Gu Jianmin , Lu Li , Wang Desong
Published: March 2024

Rechargeable neutral aqueous zinc−air batteries (ZABs) are a promising type of energy storage device with longer operating life and less corrosiveness compared with conventional alkaline ZABs. However, the neutral ZABs normally possess poor oxygen evolution reactions (OERs) and oxygen reduction reactions performance, resulting in a large charge–discharge voltage gap and low round‐trip efficiency. Herein, we demonstrate a sunlight‐assisted strategy for achieving an ultralow voltage gap of 0.05 V in neutral ZABs by using the FeOOH‐decorated BiVO4 (Fe‐BiVO4) as an oxygen catalyst. Under sunlight, the electrons move from the valence band (VB) of Fe‐BiVO4 to the conduction band producing holes in VB to promote the OER process and hence reduce the overpotential. Meanwhile, the photopotential generated by the Fe‐BiVO4 compensates a part of the charging potential of neutral ZABs. Accordingly, the energy loss of the battery could be compensated via solar energy, leading to a record‐low gap of 0.05 V between the charge and discharge voltage with a high round‐trip efficiency of 94%. This work offers a simple but efficient pathway for solar‐energy utilization in storage devices, further guiding the design of high energy efficiency of neutral aqueous ZABs.
Generation and Application of Aryl Radicals Under Photoinduced Conditions
Authors: Das Anupam , Justin Thomas K. R.
Published: March 2024

Photoinduced aryl radical generation is a powerful strategy in organic synthesis that facilitates the formation of diverse carbon‐carbon and carbon‐heteroatom bonds. The synthetic applications of photoinduced aryl radical formation in the synthesis of complex organic compounds, including natural products, physiologically significant molecules, and functional materials, have received immense attention. An overview of current developments in photoinduced aryl radical production methods and their uses in organic synthesis is given in this article. A generalized idea of how to choose the reagents and approach for the generation of aryl radicals is described, along with photoinduced techniques and associated mechanistic insights. Overall, this article offers a critical assessment of the mechanistic results as well as the selection of reaction parameters for specific reagents in the context of radical cascades, cross‐coupling reactions, aryl radical functionalization, and selective C−H functionalization of aryl substrates.
Theoretical relationships between axoneme distortion and internal forces and torques in ciliary beating
Authors: Woodhams Louis G. , Bayly Philip V.
Published: March 2024

The axoneme is an intricate nanomachine responsible for generating the propulsive oscillations of cilia and flagella in an astonishing variety of organisms. New imaging techniques based on cryoelectron‐tomography (cryo‐ET) and subtomogram averaging have revealed the detailed structures of the axoneme and its components with sub‐nm resolution, but the mechanical function of each component and how the assembly generates oscillations remains stubbornly unclear. Most explanations of oscillatory behavior rely on the dynamic regulation of dynein by some signal, but this may not be necessary if the system of dynein‐driven slender filaments is dynamically unstable. Understanding the possibility of instability‐driven oscillations requires a multifilament model of the axoneme that accounts for distortions of the axoneme as it bends. Active bending requires forces and bending moments that will tend to change the spacing and alignment of doublets. We hypothesize that components of the axoneme resist and respond to these loads in ways that are critical to beating. Specifically, we propose (i) that radial spokes provide torsional stiffness by resisting misalignment (as well as spacing) between the central pair and outer doublets, and (ii) that the kinematics of dynein arms affect the relationships between active forces and bending moments on deforming doublets. These proposed relationships enhance the ability of theoretical, multifilament models of axonemal beating to generate propulsive oscillatory waveforms via dynamic mechanical instability.
Social network centrality and the corporate environment: The case of sexual diversity policies
Authors: Nundhapana Nuttavuth , Chiyachantana Chiraphol N. , Ding David K. , Treepongkaruna Sirimon
Published: March 2024

We study the external influence of social capital, measured by Facebook's (now Meta) Social Connectedness Index, on a firm's decision to adopt policies that promote a more diverse corporate environment. Recent studies find corporate policies that embrace sexual diversity are beneficial to firms and their stakeholders, thereby contributing to their corporate social responsibility (CSR) and business sustainability. We find that firms with a high social network centrality are more likely to adopt policies and business strategies that support sexual diversity. Moreover, firms that adopt good CSR practices are more likely to implement more inclusive policies such as sexual diversity policies. This provides for a more comfortable work environment for the LGBT+ community. However, we also find that firms reduce their adoption of inclusive policies during times of economic uncertainty, supporting the pessimistic view that firms decrease window dressing activities during economic downturns when governance is tightened, and resources are scarce. We attribute this phenomenon to the exploitation of agency benefits by managers.
Photoelectrochemical Lithium Extraction from Waste Batteries
Authors: Lyu Yanhong , Zheng Jianyun , Wang Shuangyin
Published: March 2024

The amount of global hybrid‐electric and all electric vehicle has increased dramatically in just five years and reached an all‐time high of over 10 million units in 2022. A good deal of waste lithium (Li)‐containing batteries from dead vehicles are invaluable unconventional resources with high usage of Li. However, the recycle of Li by green approaches is extremely inefficient and rare from waste batteries, giving rise to severe environmental pollutions and huge squandering of resources. Thus, in this mini review, we briefly summarized a green and promising route‐photoelectrochemical (PEC) technology for extracting the Li from the waste lithium‐containing batteries. This review first focuses on the critical factors of PEC performance, including light harvesting, charge‐carrier dynamics, and surface chemical reactions. Subsequently, the conventional and PEC technologies applying in the area of Li recovery processes are analyzed and discussed in depth, and the potential challenges and future perspective for rational and healthy development of PEC Li extraction are provided positively.
Understanding and Controlling Electrostatic Discharge in Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Leon Ronald T. , Sherrell Peter C. , Michel Jesus Ibarra , Bullock James , Berry Joseph D. , Ellis Amanda V.
Published: March 2024

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have been widely used to harness various forms of mechanical energy for conversion to electrical energy. However, the contentious challenge in characterising TENGs is the lack of standard protocols for assessing mechanical‐to‐electrical energy conversion processes. Herein, macroscopic signal analysis is used to identify three key charging events within triboelectric signals: charge induction (CI), contact electrification (CE), and electrostatic discharge (ESD). By considering two phases of motion during contact‐separation (approach and departure of the contact materials), CI arising from the motion of bound surface charge (varying electric field) between opposing contact materials is shown to dominate the measured displacement current signal, rather than the process of CE itself. Furthermore, the conventional signal (i. e., voltage, current, charge) interpretation of CE and CI during approach and departure phases is re‐assessed, to indicate that the sudden spike of current often observed immediately prior to contact (or after separation) arises from polarity inverting electrostatic discharge (ESD). This aspect of the measured triboelectric effect, which is often ignored, is crucial for the design of TENGs and hence, techniques to enhance the understanding and control over the stochastic occurrence of ESDs is explored. The methods proposed for the deconvolution of the macroscopic signal components of TENGs, and mitigation of ESD occurrences, will allow for precise quantification of the associated charging events. The applications of this study will template the design and development of future super‐TENGs with optimised energy conversion capabilities.
Wastewater surveillance to assess cocaine and methylenedioxymethamphetamine use trends during a major music festival in Brazil
Authors: Gomes Cezar Silvino , de Jesus Soares Freire Diogo , de Souza Ramos Pontes Moura Hadassa , Maldaner Adriano Otávio , Pinheiro Francisco Ayrton Senna Domingos , Ferreira George Leandro Ramos , de Oliveira Miranda Matheus Leopoldo , Ferreira Leandro De Santis , Murga Felipe Gonçalves , Sodré Fernando Fabriz , Aragão Cícero Flávio Soares
Published: March 2024

This study employed the wastewater‐based epidemiology (WBE) strategy to investigate cocaine (COC) and ecstasy (MDMA) usage during Carnatal festival in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Wastewater samples were collected over the four festival days (December 12–15, 2019), as well as during corresponding days before and after the event. The samples underwent filtration, acidification, solid‐phase extraction (SPE) for pre‐concentration, and analysis using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) with calibration using deuterated internal standards. The measured concentration ranges in the wastewater samples were as follows: benzoylecgonine (BE, a metabolite of COC use) ranged from 760 ± 30 to 8914 ± 252 ng/L, COC (non‐metabolized or directly discharged) ranged from 1182 ± 25 to 6,760 ± 95 ng/L, cocaethylene (COE, a metabolite of alcohol‐COC use) ranged from 21 ± 10 to 161 ± 10 ng/L, and MDMA (ecstasy) ranged from 18 ± 5 to 613 ± 15 ng/L. Daily wastewater loads were estimated as 0.81 ± 0.03 to 11.69 ± 0.33 g/day for BE, 1.42 ± 0.03 to 8.06 ± 0.11 g/day for COC, 0.02 ± 0.01 to 0.21 ± 0.01 g/day for COE, and 0.02 ± 0.01 to 0.80 ± 0.02 g/day for MDMA. Notably, COE and MDMA were only detected above the quantification limit during the festival days. The data enable estimating that COC consumption doubled during the event days. The COC/BE ratio indicated likely drug disposals on the event's last day and the subsequent week. The study's findings shed light on illicit substance consumption, assisting in public health programs and combating drug trafficking efforts.
Integrated distance sampling models for simple point counts
Authors: Kéry Marc , Royle J. Andrew , Hallman Tyler , Robinson W. Douglas , Strebel Nicolas , Kellner Kenneth F.
Published: March 2024

Point counts (PCs) are widely used in biodiversity surveys but, despite numerous advantages, simple PCs suffer from several problems: detectability, and therefore abundance, is unknown; systematic spatiotemporal variation in detectability yields biased inferences, and unknown survey area prevents formal density estimation and scaling‐up to the landscape level. We introduce integrated distance sampling (IDS) models that combine distance sampling (DS) with simple PC or detection/nondetection (DND) data to capitalize on the strengths and mitigate the weaknesses of each data type. Key to IDS models is the view of simple PC and DND data as aggregations of latent DS surveys that observe the same underlying density process. This enables the estimation of separate detection functions, along with distinct covariate effects, for all data types. Additional information from repeat or time‐removal surveys, or variable survey duration, enables the separate estimation of the availability and perceptibility components of detectability with DS and PC data. IDS models reconcile spatial and temporal mismatches among data sets and solve the above‐mentioned problems of simple PC and DND data. To fit IDS models, we provide JAGS code and the new “IDS()” function in the R packageunmarked. Extant citizen‐science data generally lack the information necessary to adjust for detection biases, but IDS models address this shortcoming, thus greatly extending the utility and reach of these data. In addition, they enable formal density estimation in hybrid designs, which efficiently combine DS with distance‐free, point‐based PC or DND surveys. We believe that IDS models have considerable scope in ecology, management, and monitoring.
Evaluating offsetting as a component of biodiversity governance
Authors: Ghosh Ritwick , Wolf Steven
Published: March 2024

Biodiversity offsetting is considered to be an innovative policy instrument to balance land use changes with conservation priorities. Although advocates have pushed to establish biodiversity offset markets for over 20 years and critics have contested the social and ecological implications of such policy innovations, in practice, offsetting schemes have been difficult to set up, replicate, and sustain over time. Observing the underperformance of biodiversity offsetting, we argue that a critical analysis is urgently needed. We identify a need to analyze offsetting in relation to other features of biodiversity governance rather than focus on the merits and flaws of offsetting as a standalone policy instrument. Using a set‐theoretic model, we consider how different institutional arrangements determine if and when biodiversity offsetting produces positive environmental outcomes. We find that offsetting adds to biodiversity governance only when three thorny challenges are met—muscular enforcement of environmental regulations, rigorous impact management aligned with the mitigation hierarchy, and the existence of evidence‐based and cost‐effective platforms for offsetting. Short of these conditions, outcomes are either uncertain or outright harmful to biodiversity. Reflecting more broadly on the prospects of institutionalizing offsetting mechanisms for protecting biodiversity, we conclude a need to recenter attention toward the supportive role of the state in facilitating effective policy innovations.