bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential for eliminating COVID-19 in Thailand through third-dose vaccination: A modeling approach
Authors: Kreabkhontho Pannathon , Teparos Watchara , Theparod Thitiya
Published: August 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to pose significant challenges to global public health, necessitating the development of effective vaccination strategies to mitigate disease transmission. In Thailand, the COVID-19 epidemic has undergone multiple waves, prompting the implementation of various control measures, including vaccination campaigns. Understanding the dynamics of disease transmission and the impact of vaccination strategies is crucial for guiding public health interventions and optimizing epidemic control efforts. In this study, we developed a comprehensive mathematical model, termed $ S{S}_{v}I{H}_{1}C{H}_{2}RD $, to elucidate the dynamics of the COVID-19 epidemic in Thailand. The model incorporates key epidemiological parameters, vaccination rates, and disease progression stages to assess the effectiveness of different vaccination strategies in curbing disease transmission. Parameter estimation and model fitting were conducted using real-world data from COVID-19 patients in Thailand, enabling the simulation of epidemic scenarios and the exploration of optimal vaccination rates. Our results showed that optimizing vaccination strategies, particularly by administering approximately 119,625 doses per day, can significantly reduce the basic reproduction number ($ {R}_{0} $) below 1, thereby accelerating epidemic control. Simulation results demonstrated that the optimal vaccination rate led to a substantial decrease in the number of infections, with the epidemic projected to be completely eradicated from the population by June 19, 2022. These findings underscore the importance of targeted vaccination efforts and proactive public health interventions in mitigating the spread of COVID-19 and minimizing the burden on healthcare systems. Our study provides valuable insights into the optimization of vaccination strategies for epidemic control, offering guidance for policymakers and healthcare authorities in Thailand and beyond. By leveraging mathematical modeling techniques and real-world data, stakeholders can develop evidence-based strategies to combat the COVID-19 pandemic and safeguard public health.
Deep Learning-Driven Optimization Strategies for Teaching Decisions in Smart Classrooms
Authors: Lin Jia
Published: August 2024

With the rapid advancement of information technology, smart classrooms have increasingly become a vital component of modern education. By integrating technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and big data, smart classrooms provide a smart, efficient educational setting for teachers and students. However, the challenge of fully utilizing these technologies to enhance teaching effectiveness in smart classrooms remains unresolved. Existing research has highlighted the significant potential of deep learning in optimizing teaching decisions. However, its application faces challenges, including insufficient integration of technologies and limited effectiveness in practical implementations. The main focus of this study encompasses three parts: firstly, a biological neural network model targeted at optimizing teaching decisions, which emulates the mechanisms of biological neural networks to efficiently optimize teaching decisions; secondly, an active consciousness teaching decision model within smart classroom settings, which merges deep learning with theories of active consciousness to support dynamic, intelligent teaching decisions; and thirdly, a biologically inspired teaching process coordination network in smart classrooms, designed to optimize and coordinate educational processes based on biological principles. Through these investigations, this study provides both theoretical and practical support for optimizing teaching decisions in smart classrooms, offering significant academic value and practical application prospects.
Women's Roles in Building Resilience to Climate Change in Agriculture
Authors: Udumann Shashi S. , Dissanayaka Nuwandhya S. , Atapattu Anjana J.
Published: August 2024

One of the most significant approaches to improving global resilience to the increasing effects of human-caused climate change is through the involvement of women in agriculture. Research evidence demonstrates that improving gender equality and empowering women improves climate change results. Despite making up a sizable portion of the agricultural labour force worldwide, women have more challenges than males in gaining access to opportunities and essential resources. In order to improve the capacity of agriculture to adapt and become more resilient to the effects of climate change, this chapter addresses the importance of expanding the representation, involvement, leadership roles, and influence of women in climate change policies and initiatives. Overall, the chapter shows that creating strong and sustainable food systems that are resistant to the effects of climate change requires the involvement of women at the centre of adaptation efforts.
Introduction to Data-Driven Marketing
Authors: Rosário Albérico Travassos , Cruz Rui , Moniz Luis , Figueiredo José
Published: August 2024

Data-driven marketing has emerged as a transformative force in modern marketing, leveraging insights from data analysis to inform strategic decision-making. This chapter delves into the definition, significance, evolution, key challenges, and opportunities inherent in data-driven marketing. Data-driven marketing involves utilizing data analytics, customer insights, and predictive modeling to effectively tailor marketing strategies and campaigns. Furthermore, the proliferation of digital channels and touchpoints provides marketers with a wealth of data sources to analyze and derive insights from, enabling them to engage customers more effectively across the entire customer journey. Data-driven marketing represents a paradigm shift in how businesses approach marketing strategy and execution. By harnessing the power of data science, marketers can unlock valuable insights, drive innovation, and create meaningful connections with consumers.
Predictive Analytics for Customer Behavior
Authors: Rosário Albérico Travassos , Cruz Rui , Moniz Luis Bettencourt , Casaca Joaquim A.
Published: August 2024

Predictive analytics have become indispensable tools for implementing data-driven strategies and decisions. These innovations are used to predict future activities, thereby enabling businesses to plan accordingly. The main purpose of this study is, through a systematic bibliometric literature review, to understand how businesses apply predictive models to predicting consumer behavior. The review includes 74 articles published in the Scopus® database, presenting up-to-date knowledge on the topic. The bibliographic search included peer-reviewed articles published up to 2024. The research findings identified three major ways predictive analytics helps forecast customer behavior. These include predicting their purchasing patterns, churn, and engagement. While predictive analytics for customer behavior offers significant advantages, it also poses challenges related to data privacy, ethical considerations, and the need for sophisticated analytics skills.
Introduction to Alzheimer's Disease, Biomarkers, and the AI Revolution
Authors: Yingngam Bancha
Published: August 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that results in a steady decline in cognitive ability and memory function. As society ages, the need for an optimum AD management strategy becomes more important. This chapter analyzes the stage-construction etiology and escalating symptoms of AD discovered throughout this review, as well as the identification of the barrier to precise diagnosis. The ability of artificial intelligence to achieve more precise and quicker detection through machine learning, data analytics, and predictive modeling is also being considered. Therefore, employing AI in AD-related studies is a novel approach to enhancing patient outcomes. Proper diagnosis of the parallel increased probability of many parameters is one of the most difficult AD moments to identify. However, the use of artificial intelligence evaluation sensor network technologies and big data analysis has advanced, and preventive instruments can be used. Thus, technology gives humanity hope to stop or, at the very least, slow down this tragedy.
AI-Powered Paradigm Shift
Authors: Sharma Yogesh Kumar , Kumar Ramakrishna , Baig Hidayath Ali , Khatal Sunil Sudam
Published: August 2024

Recent alarming data and projections have elevated Alzheimer's disease (AD) to the status of a silent pandemic. Researchers are now focusing on less invasive treatments due to the drawbacks of invasive methods and the ineffectiveness of clinical trials. This highlights the increasing importance of developing non-invasive methods for the early diagnosis of AD. However, computerized analysis of the massive amounts of data produced presents obstacles that might impede progress toward an early AD diagnosis. Therefore, to overcome these obstacles, combining AI with deep learning is essential. To usher in a new era of non-invasive medicine, this work seeks to investigate the present state of these methods for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis, with the hope of harnessing the power of these tools and using the mountain of non-invasive data that exists. The purpose of this study is to compile all published reports on AI-based Alzheimer's disease detection over the past few years.
Navigating the Administrative Landscape of AI in Alzheimer's Disease Detection
Authors: I. Mohana Krishna , Dhanush Lingamsetty , Tejasri Chinni , Teja A Hari , Trisha K. S. N. L. , Irrinki Neha
Published: August 2024

This chapter gives a complete analysis of the executive landscape of the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in Alzheimer's ailment detection. Drawing upon management studies perspective, the studies delve into the various demanding situations, opportunities, and implications surrounding the implementation of AI in this specialized healthcare region. The chapter navigates through the important thing stakeholders involved in the process, inclusive of regulatory our bodies, healthcare agencies, and patients, and analyzes their roles and obligations. It additionally explores the capability ethical, legal, and social implications of AI integration in Alzheimer's sickness detection. Through this exploration, the paper pursuits to offer holistic information of the administrative landscape and offer recommendations for powerful control of AI in this context.
Integrating Genomic Data and Genetic Risk Factors With AI for Predicting Susceptibility to Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Parveen Nikhat , D. Vidyabharathi , Shaik Nazeer , D. Ram Nivas
Published: August 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complicated neurodegenerative disease that has a vast effect on people, families, and society. despite a long time of research, there is no effective treatment for AD, highlighting the want for accurate and early prediction of disease susceptibility. recent advancements in genomic sequencing strategies have led to an explosion of facts, including genetic hazard variants associated with the advert. however, the widespread quantity of facts provides a mission in identifying meaningful patterns and predicting sickness chance. artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as an effective device in integrating and studying massive genomic datasets, offering insights into complicated illnesses consisting of ad. In this evaluation, we speak about the contemporary country of integrating genomic records and genetic risk factors with AI for predicting susceptibility to AD. We can additionally explore the challenges and future directions in utilizing this approach for early detection and customized treatment of AD.
Neuro Marketing
Authors: Prakash Namrata , Jindal Priya , Jindal Ansh
Published: August 2024

The chapter captures the shift from conventional to cognitive analysis tools in the marketing landscape. It is clear that the promotional ecology has developed over time, and that it has shifted from using traditional methods to using cognitive analysis tools. In particular, it highlights how information from the study of neurology may be utilized to rethink marketing methods and construct cutting-edge technologies that probe deeper into the way people think to produce advertising efforts that are more correctly perceptive and successful. Among the many techniques that are used in the area of brain imaging, some examples include skin conductance, heart rate variability (HRV), eye tracking, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Whenever they embark on the examination of neural bases for consumer behavior to gain a fuller appreciation of the intricacies of customer behavior, these methods are used for studying consumer feedback as well as ethical issues that come up as a result of such investigation.
The Sensory Marketing Theory
Authors: Nayak Arpita , Satpathy Ipseeta
Published: August 2024

Sensory marketing is a growing field that examines how sensory inputs impact consumer perceptions, feelings, and actions. Marketers are increasingly using multi-sensory branding to create immersive brand experiences and increase customer engagement. The five senses are sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. Experiential marketing, music, and sound are key components of multimodal marketing. As digital information becomes more overwhelming, marketers must develop innovative strategies to engage consumers. Sonic branding, a key component of multimodal marketing, is becoming more popular. Vision, color, style, smell, and sound are essential components of multimodal marketing. These elements help create a lasting bond with customers, attracting new and repeat customers, and promoting brand loyalty. The study aims to add to the body of knowledge how sensory marketing theory helps in multisensory marketing.
Sensible Selling Through Sensory Neuromarketing
Authors: Taneja Bhavna , Shukla Pooja , Arora Manpreet
Published: August 2024

Neuromarketing (a new field at the intersection of marketing and neurology) provides crucial information on how customers act and make decisions. This chapter examines neuromarketing laws and how they might be used to improve sales success. It discusses all five senses—sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste—and how we can use each of them to create memorable marketing experiences. The chapter then discusses how neuromarketing might be applied to brand development, product packaging, and promotional strategies. The chapter also provides sales professionals with practical guidelines and case studies for incorporating sensory neuromarketing principles into their selling technique, with the ultimate goal of improving client engagement, satisfaction, and sales outcomes.
Influencer Marketing
Authors: Kumar Harish , Singh Raj Kumar , Sharma Megha , Anuj
Published: August 2024

With the growing pace of digitalization and technical innovation, social media influencer marketing has rapidly increased as brands are investing a huge amount in influencer marketing. Influencer marketing is predicted to increase on every social media platform and is every brand's secret of investment, as a huge return on investment is observed. Electronic word-of-mouth is the feature through which customers post reviews and recommendations to others which influences customers' purchase behavior. This study aims to identify the importance of social media influencers and the brand's collaboration with them and its impact on consumers. This study concluded that technology and innovation have a positive impact on influencer marketing and consumer behavior.
Community-Based Tourism Development in Gurez Valley
Authors: Dar Hafizullah , Dar Mudasir Ahmad
Published: August 2024

This study examined diverse tourism potentials and possibilities of community-based tourism development (CBTD) in Gurez valley. Desk research approach was adopted in which various theories and cases, apart from the other sources, were reviewed to accomplish the study purpose. The results, based on natural, socio-cultural, symbiotic, and event-based tourism resources, paved a way to design community-based tourism (CBT) model for Gurez valley. The hexagonal CBT model constitutes 1) involvement of local people, 2) training local people, 3) developing cooperative ownership, 4) developing local products, 5) creating partnership, and 6) product marketing. Applications of this model will help tourism planners and decision-makers in developing the community-based tourism and encouraging the local community to participate in CBT activities. Its applications will have direct positive impacts on the local economy, tourism resources, tourist experience, business, infrastructure, jobs, and other related aspects in the area.
Computational Intelligence in Manufacturing Technologies
Authors: Bhambri Pankaj , Khang Alex
Published: August 2024

This chapter delves into the fusion of machine learning and artificial intelligence, emphasizing both supervised and unsupervised learning methodologies, as well as their implementations in deep learning, AI-powered automation, and robotics. The text explores the correlation between cyber-physical systems (CPS) and the internet of things (IoT), showcasing their influence in the development of intelligent factories through the analysis of real-life examples. The chapter examines and evaluates the difficulties encountered in the implementation of these technologies, encompassing technological, organizational, and ethical obstacles. Ultimately, it anticipates upcoming developments, highlighting nascent technology, the partnership between humans and machines, and the necessity for flexible policies and regulations. This thorough investigation provides a strong argument for the essential requirement of computational intelligence in tackling current manufacturing difficulties and emphasizes its extensive capacity for innovation and enhancement in the sector.
Innovative Education Through Persuasive Technologies for Effective Learning
Authors: Venkatesh R.
Published: August 2024

In modern education, technology has sparked a profound revolution in teaching and learning paradigms. This shift is especially notable with the emergence of persuasive educational technologies, which use persuasive design principles to greatly improve learning outcomes. A forthcoming book chapter aims to thoroughly examine the pivotal role of these technologies in enhancing learning experiences in academic settings. By delving into various theoretical frameworks supporting persuasive technology, the chapter seeks to illuminate practical applications in real educational contexts. Additionally, it will explore how persuasive educational technologies impact student engagement, crucial for effective learning environments. Through this thorough analysis, the chapter aims to provide valuable insights and strategies for educators and researchers invested in the intersection of technology and pedagogy. This nuanced exploration promises to reveal the transformative potential of persuasive educational technologies in shaping the future of education.
Bridging the Divide
Authors: Munusamy Purushothman , Sanmugam Mageswaran , Edwards Bosede Iyiade
Published: August 2024

The integration of coding education into primary school curriculums has gained significant momentum. However, research suggests a persistent gender gap in this field. This systematic literature review explores the factors contributing to this disparity and investigates potential solutions for promoting gender equity in coding education. The review analyzes articles encompassing various aspects of coding in primary schools. Some studies delve into the cognitive processes underlying computational thinking, a fundamental pillar of coding, while others explore pedagogical approaches like educational robotics and large-scale implementation programs. Notably, articles directly addressing gender perspectives in coding education highlight the need for gender-sensitive curriculum design and teaching methods. This review synthesizes findings from these diverse studies to identify key themes related to the gender gap. One potential factor lies in curriculum design. Research suggests that traditional coding curricula might inadvertently reinforce existing stereotypes about math and science abilities, potentially discouraging girls' participation. Instructional methods also play a crucial role. Studies advocate for engaging approaches that cater to diverse learning styles and promote active participation for all students. By critically examining these themes, the review aims to inform the development of effective strategies for bridging the gender gap in coding education. Future research directions and practical recommendations for educators will be explored to create a more inclusive and equitable learning environment where all students, regardless of gender, feel empowered to explore the exciting world of coding.
Transformative Approaches
Authors: Ochoa-Tataje Freddy , Alanya-Beltran Joel , Ruiz-Salazar Jenny , Paucar-Elera Juan , Mendez-Escobar Michel , Perez-Mendoza Adolfo
Published: August 2024

Pedagogical approaches guide social science education. These methods encourage student participation, deep comprehension, and critical thinking. Effective pedagogies that help students understand complex technological concepts and foster forward-thinking problem-solving skills are essential as we enter the 6G era, which will transform connectivity and communication. A cornerstone of modern pedagogy, the constructivist approach emphasizes students' active construction of knowledge through experiences, interactions, and reflections. In 6G education, this method can help students understand complex technologies. Students can learn 6G concepts and improve their problem-solving skills by participating in creation activities, experiments, and projects. Students gain a holistic view of 6G technology by immersing themselves in real-world scenarios, enabling innovative solutions to emerging challenges.
Digital Fields
Authors: Koshariya Ashok Kumar , Rajesh R. , Pandey Arjoo , Meenakshi S. , Sakthivel M. , Manikandan R. , Thakar Chetan M.
Published: August 2024

The incorporation of cutting-edge technology like 5G and 6G into the ever-changing digital world will have far-reaching consequences for the farming industry. This chapter delves into the importance of safeguarding Agriculture 5.0 in the 6G landscape, taking into account the development of agricultural technology, the difficulties in guaranteeing cybersecurity, and the tactics to utilize new technologies for better protection. From its inception to the present age of digitalization, the chapter explores the evolution of agricultural technology. It begins with an overview of Agriculture 5G and the 6G landscape.
IoT Solutions for Crop Protection
Authors: Shelke Chetan , Naidu I. E. S. , Himabindu Modi , Rakesh C. , Jain Alok , Dhanraj Joshuva Arockia
Published: August 2024

The convergence of internet of things (IoT) solutions and agricultural practices has resulted in revolutionary alterations in crop management and protection. With the emergence of sophisticated connectivity technologies such as 6G networks, the capacity to protect agricultural assets and improve crop protection has reached unparalleled levels. The current period of swift technological progress presents an opportunity for the incorporation of internet of things (IoT) solutions into the upcoming 6G networks. This integration has the potential to significantly transform crop protection techniques, guarantee food security, and optimize agricultural productivity.
Securing Future Harvests
Authors: Chopra Isha , Bindal Amit Kumar , Gupta Zatin
Published: August 2024

Crop protection is essential to agricultural sustainability because it keeps farming systems resilient and productive all over the world. Nevertheless, conventional techniques frequently prove inadequate in tackling the diverse obstacles presented by pests, illnesses, and environmental conditions. Advances in technology like the internet of things (IoT) and the upcoming 6G networks have brought new opportunities for agricultural innovation in recent years. This thorough analysis aims to investigate the revolutionary possibilities of IoT solutions in the context of agricultural 6G networks, emphasizing the improvement of crop protection techniques.
Determination of Location of Mandibular Foramen of Sri Lankans with Reference to Nearer Anatomic Landmarks by using Dry Mandibles
Authors: Chandimal K. M. , Priyadarshani K. M. W. W. , Kumara D. A. S. S. , Wickramarathna Amila
Published: August 2024

Objective: The mandibular foramen serves as a reference point in the inferior alveolar nerve block and is at risk in some maxillofacial surgeries. Therefore, it is crucial to localize the position of the mandibular foramen. Worldwide many studies have been conducted regarding this but in Sri Lanka, there aren’t any recorded studies. The objective of this study was to determine the location of the mandibular foramen with reference to nearer anatomical landmarks of the Sri Lankans according to gender.Methods: A total of 20 dry mandibles collected from the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Wayamba University Sri Lanka were included in this study. The distances from the mandibular foramen to 8 bony landmarks were measured using the digital vernier caliper. The data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 Version. The mean distances were calculated and compared according to gender using the independent samples t-test. The differences in mean measurements between the right and left sides of the mandibles were compared according to gender using the paired samples t-test.Results: There was a significant difference between male and female mandibles in mean distances from the posterior border of the mandibular ramus on the left side, and from the angle of the mandible bilaterally. There was no statistically significant difference between any of the measurements of the right and left sides of the male mandibles, but there was a statistically significant difference in some of the measurements between the right and left sides of the female mandibles. Out of the 40 mandibular foramina observed, there was only one accessory mandibular foramen.Conclusions: According to the study it was proven that there’s a difference in the location of mandibular foramen according to gender. The location of the mandibular foramen in the Sri Lankan population was different from the documented locations of the mandibular foramen of various populations around the globe.
Cadaveric Study of Rouviere's Sulcus: An Important Surgical Landmark in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Abeysuria V. , Hewawardhane S.
Published: August 2024

Objective: Identification of the Rouviere's sulcus as an extra biliary landmark during laparoscopic cholecystectomy helps to reduce the iatrogenic injuries of common bile duct (CBD). Therefore, this study was carried out to assess its frequency, morphology, and its relation with the CBD in cadaveric liver specimens.Methods: An observational study was carried out in the department of Anatomy, during a period of 2021 -2023. Fifty liver specimens without any previously recorded liver or extra hepatic biliary pathology were dissected and observed. During dissections, Rouviere's sulcus was identified, and its morphology of open type, closed, or scar-like shapes was noted, and the CBD and its relation with the Rouviere's sulcus was observed.Results: Rouviere's sulcus was identified in 35/50 (70%), whereas 15/50 (30%) it could not be seen. Among the 35/50 livers with Rouviere's sulcus, 20 /35 (57%) were of open type, 10/35 (28%) were close type, and scar like seen in 5/35 (15%). Among these 35 liver specimens, in 28/35 (80%) the Rouviere's sulcus was above the level of CBD line. In 5/35 (14%) the sulcus was at the same level. in 2/35 (6%) the sulcus was below the line of CBD.Conclusion: Identification of Rouviere's sulcus can be helpful as an additional landmark as its close relation to CBD.
Case series on Linburg-Comstock Variation in Sri Lanka
Authors: Wickramarathna E. A. A. M. , Wijayabandara C. S. , Chandimal K. M. , Wijayasekara A.
Published: August 2024

The case series present a rare anatomical variation involving an anomalous connection between the flexor pollicis longus and flexor digitorum profundus tendons in the forearm called Linburg-Comstock variation. These three cases were identified in Sri Lankan population, highlighting the presence of this variation in the local population. The unique anatomical details and potential implications for hand function in individuals with Linburg-Comstock variation are discussed.
Cell-surface Milieu Remodeling in Human Dendritic Cell Activation
Authors: Udeshi Namrata D , Xu Charles , Jiang Zuzhi , Gao Shihong Max , Yin Qian , Luo Wei , Carr Steven A , Davis Mark M , Li Jiefu
Published: August 2024

Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized sentinel and APCs coordinating innate and adaptive immunity. Through proteins on their cell surface, DCs sense changes in the environment, internalize pathogens, present processed Ags, and communicate with other immune cells. By combining chemical labeling and quantitative mass spectrometry, we systematically profiled and compared the cell-surface proteomes of human primary conventional DCs (cDCs) in their resting and activated states. TLR activation by a lipopeptide globally reshaped the cell-surface proteome of cDCs, with >100 proteins upregulated or downregulated. By simultaneously elevating positive regulators and reducing inhibitory signals across multiple protein families, the remodeling creates a cell-surface milieu promoting immune responses. Still, cDCs maintain the stimulatory-to-inhibitory balance by leveraging a distinct set of inhibitory molecules. This analysis thus uncovers the molecular complexity and plasticity of the cDC cell surface and provides a roadmap for understanding cDC activation and signaling.
Cutting Edge: Retinoic Acid Promotes Brain-homing of CD8+ T Cells during Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection
Authors: Hilt Zachary T , Charles Wisler , Ali Taha , Smith Casey V , Zhang Shide , Wesnak Samantha P , Smith Norah L , Rudd Brian D
Published: August 2024

The most common congenital viral infection is CMV, which leads to numerous neurologic disabilities. Using a mouse model of congenital CMV, we previously determined that Ag-specific CD8+ T cells traffic to the brain in a CCR9-dependent manner. The mechanism by which these CD8+ T cells acquire a CCR9-dependent “brain-tropic” phenotype remains unclear. In this study, we identify the key factor that imprints brain homing specificity on CD8+ T cells, the source of production, and the location where CCR9 expression is induced. Specifically, we discovered that CCR9 is induced on CD8+ T cells by retinoic acid–producing CD8α+ dendritic cells in the cervical lymph node postinfection. We found that retinoic acid is important for CD8+ T cells to establish tissue residency in the brain. Collectively, our data expand the role of retinoic acid during infection and mechanistically demonstrate how CD8+ T cells are primed to protect the brain during congenital viral infection.
Insulin-induced Lipohypertrophy in a Patient with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Chauhan Vikram S. , Joseph Ashitha G.
Published: August 2024

Lipohypertrophy (LH) is a common side effect of insulin treatment in patients with diabetes, characterized by soft, benign nodules in the subcutaneous tissue. This case report describes the management of insulin-induced LH in a 66-year-old male with type 2 diabetes. The patient had been on a combination of oral antidiabetic agents (ODAs) and biphasic human insulin for 5 years, experiencing the symptoms of numbness, leg swelling, fatigue, and frequent hypoglycemic episodes. Upon examination, LH with skin pigmentation was observed at the insulin injection sites on both calves. The patient’s laboratory investigations revealed poor glycemic control with high glycated hemoglobin percentage. To address the condition, the patient was advised to change the injection site, use proper site rotation, and change the insulin needle daily. The insulin therapy was modified by switching to biphasic premixed analog insulin injected 5 min before meals using the insulin pen. In addition, ODAs were adjusted for better glycemic control. Following these interventions, the patient reported improved glucose levels and stable kidney function. This case report emphasizes the importance of early detection and appropriate management of insulin-induced LH through patient education and insulin therapy adjustments. Health-care providers should remain vigilant for LH and educate patients on proper injection practices to optimize diabetes management and prevent complications.
Type 3 Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin Resistance, Alzheimer’s Disease and Role of Alpha-Linolenic Acid in Blood–Brain Barrier Repair
Authors: Zanwar Anand A. , Joshi Asavari A. , Gaikwad Prajakta S. , Hegde Mahabaleshwar V.
Published: August 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is often referred to as Type 3 diabetes mellitus (T3 DM). It has now become evident that T3 DM contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of AD. The T3 DM has a distinct identity being very much selective for blood–brain barrier (BBB) and separated from peripheral diabetes. Alpha-linolenic acid (18:3, ALA) is considered an essential fatty acid that is responsible for the formation of long-chain eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6, DHA). DHA is an important structural fatty acid of the human brain. The recent literature comes to the conclusion that ALA is an ideal source of DHA. T3 DM can cause, insulin resistance in the brain and impairment in glucose utilization. This has very serious implications on BBB integrity. It has been shown now that ALA very efficiently can provide energy to endothelial cells of the BBB by β-oxidation and facilitate DHA entry to the brain. It has also been shown that some DHA is formed in BBB and some ALA that enters the brain also gets converted to DHA. The role of other players such as Apolipoprotein E protein, Tau and Beta-amyloid, and glycogen synthase kinase are briefly mentioned. The new findings, that the primary event in BBB damage is the pathogenesis of AD, may help in the development of new more effective drugs and treatment modalities.
Managing Foreign-body Injuries in Individuals with Diabetes: A Diagnostic Challenge
Authors: Kavitha Karakkattu V , Unnikrishnan Ambika G.
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

Diabetes often leads to diabetic foot infections, resulting in hospitalizations and amputations. Foreign-body (FB) injuries in diabetes present significant diagnostic challenges. This study aims to unravel the complexities of FB injuries, focusing on implications, diagnostic hurdles, and management strategies due to their association with delayed detection and complications.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis was performed on 28 patients who visited the Chellaram Diabetes Institute, Pune, between June 2014 and August 2021, with a history of FB injury. We collected their clinical, radiological, microbiological and biomedical data including clinical outcomes.

Results:

The study included 28 subjects (71.43% males, 28.57% females) with a mean age and duration of diabetes of 65.07 ± 7.26 and 17.89 ± 9.15 years respectively. Peripheral neuropathy was observed in 95.83% of subjects. Imaging was used in 21 subjects: X-ray (n = 21; 5 had FBs) and ultrasound (n = 13; 6 had FBs). FBs were retrieved in 18 cases, with imaging detecting them in 9 cases (X-ray only: 3, X-ray + USG: 2, USG only: 4). In 12 subjects, FBs were removed bedside as accidental findings. The most common FB was a stone (n = 9), followed by wooden splinters (n = 6) and thorns (n = 6). Removal procedures were performed on both hospitalized and nonhospitalized subjects, highlighting undiagnosed injuries.

Conclusion:

This study underscores the importance of radiological modalities in detecting FBs and assessing the extent of infection they cause, aiming to enhance future FB management.
Comparison of the neuraxial acoustic window in hamstring stretch position and cross-legged position: An observational pilot study
Authors: Sethi Priyanka , Kaur Manbir , Balakrishnan N. , Singh Govind , Dang Deepanshu , Kumari Kamlesh , Bhatia Pradeep Kumar
Published: August 2024

Background:

The patient’s position determines the success of the block during neuraxial anesthesia. We compare the neuraxial acoustic window in two positions namely, the hamstring stretch position (HSP) and the crossed-leg position, which are the modifications of sitting positions during spinal and epidural anesthesia.

Methodology:

This observational pilot study was conducted from October 2021 to November 2021 after approval from the ethics committee of our institution. Patients belonging to the age group 18–45 years were included. Forty patients were enrolled and each patient was asked to position him or herself in these two different sitting positions.

Results:

There was no statistically significant difference in the interlaminar distance (ILD) (P = 0.25), depth of ligamentum flavum (LF) from the skin, and intrathecal distance (P = 0.444) in these two sitting positions. The patients were more comfortable in the cross-leg position (P = 0.021).

Conclusion:

Both the positions, cross-leg position and HSP have no difference in ILD and depth of LF from the skin but patients were comfortable in cross-leg position.
Genetic associations and parent-of-origin effects of PVRL1 in non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate across multiple ethnic populations
Authors: Park Ji Wan , Kang Geon , Baek Seung-Hak , Kim Young Ho
Published: August 2024

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the associations of PVRL1 gene variants with non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) by evaluating transmission distortion and parent-of-origin (POO) effects in multiple ethnic populations.METHODS: We conducted allelic and genotypic transmission disequilibrium tests (TDT) on 10 single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) in PVRL1 using data from 142 Korean families with an affected child. POO effects were analyzed using the POO likelihood ratio test, comparing transmission rates of maternally and paternally inherited alleles. To assess generalizability and ethnic heterogeneity, we compared results from Korean families with data from the Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, which included 2,226 individuals from 497 European and 245 Asian trios.RESULTS: TDT analysis identified significant over-transmission of the rs7940667 (G361V) C allele in Korean families (p=0.007), a finding replicated in both Asian (p=6.5×10-7) and European families (p=1.6×10-10). Eight SNVs showed strong TDT evidence in larger Asian and European datasets after multiple comparison corrections (p<0.0073). Of these, 4 SNVs (rs7940667, rs7103685, rs7129848, and rs4409845) showed particularly robust association (p<5×10-8). POO analysis revealed significant maternal over-transmission of the rs10790330-A allele in Korean families (p=0.044). This finding was replicated in European families (p=9.0×10-4). Additionally, 3 other SNVs, rs7129848 (p=0.001) and the linked SNVs rs3935406 and rs10892434 (p=0.025), exhibited maternal over-transmission in the validation datasets.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide robust evidence supporting the associations of PVRL1 variants with NSCL/P susceptibility. Further research is necessary to explore the potential clinical applications of these findings.
Specialized nursing intervention on critically ill patient in the prevention of intubation-associated pneumonia: an integrative literature review
Authors: Almeida Daniela Fradinho , Pinto Maria do Rosário , Durao Maria Candida , Henriques Helga Rafael , Teixeira Joana Ferreira
Published: August 2024

Healthcare-associated infections are adverse events that affect people in critical condition, especially when hospitalized in an intensive care unit. The most prevalent is intubation-associated pneumonia (IAP), a nursing-care-sensitive area. This review aims to identify and analyze nursing interventions for preventing IAP. An integrative literature review was done using the Medline, CINAHL, Scopus and PubMed databases. After checking the eligibility of the studies and using Rayyan software, ten final documents were obtained for extraction and analysis. The results obtained suggest that the nursing interventions identified for the prevention of IAP are elevating the headboard to 30º; washing the teeth, mouth and mucous membranes with a toothbrush and then instilling chlorohexidine 0.12%–0.2% every 8/8 hr; monitoring the cuff pressure of the endotracheal tube (ETT) between 20–30 mm Hg; daily assessment of the need for sedation and ventilatory weaning and the use of ETT with drainage of subglottic secretions. The multimodal nursing interventions identified enable health gains to be made in preventing or reducing IAP. This area is sensitive to nursing care, positively impacting the patient, family, and organizations. Future research is suggested into the effectiveness of chlorohexidine compared to other oral hygiene products, as well as studies into the mortality rate associated with IAP, with and without ETT for subglottic aspiration.
Emergency Braking System: Verification of system behavior on commercial vehicles equipped with drum braking system
Authors: Dias Eduardo Miranda , Rudek Claudemir , Travaglia Carlos Abflio Passos , Rodrigues André , Brito Danilo
Published: August 2024

In recent years, new technologies are being developed and applied to commercial vehicles. Such technologies support on development and implementation of new functions making these products safer, benefiting the society in general. One of the areas that can be mentioned is the vehicle safety. Among too many technologies, the emergency brake system is that one who came to support and assist drivers in critical situations that cannot be avoided. The Advanced Emergency Brake System, AEBS, consists of identifying other vehicles ahead, and, in case of detecting a risk of collision, automatically applies the service brakes to avoid accidents. The system works in situations when there is a sudden traffic stop, the vehicle is passing through intersections and when the driver distracts due to inappropriate use of mobile telephone devices. The aim of this work was to evaluate the emergency braking performance of a 6x4 tractor with a double semi-trailer, at flat asphalt. Both vehicles of combination were equipped with drum brakes. To monitor the braking performance, the vehicle speed, the brake temperature, and braking pressure were collected using, respectively, a global positioning system, GPS, thermocouples and pressure transducers. The dynamic tests were performed according to the ECE R131 European resolution, using a balloon car as target. An additional driving condition was simulated during the tests: elevated temperature level of the brakes. The tests led to the conclusion that the efficiency during emergency braking, under normal and critical conditions, fulfilled the requirements without any stability and drivability degradation. Regardless of the temperature, the system remained operating within the established technical limits. It was therefore concluded that the emergency braking system, on vehicle combination using drum brakes, met the requirements established by resolution ECE R131 in a fully satisfactory manner.
Development of Brake Shoe with Carbon Footprint Reduction
Authors: Casagrande R.B. , De Souza A.R.A. , Finimundi A.V. , Pereira C.H.S , Masotti D. , Rombaldi R.J. , Gotardo T.
Published: August 2024

Considered one of the greenest forms of transport, the rail industry is at an exciting point pursuing several key initiatives to decarbonise its operations, assets, and supply chains. Therefore, having a brake shoe with a lower carbon footprint is essential for achieving the goals related to decarbonizing the operation, as it is a wear item. For this purpose, a carbon footprint measurement methodology was applied to the development of a friction material for railway brake shoes in order to reduce the carbon footprint generated in the production of the material, combining a sustainable material with greater durability in operation, thus reducing the total cost of ownership. In order to assess the advantages of the new product, a comparative analysis was carried out of the carbon footprint of the conventional shoe and the new railway shoe proposal, both used in the same application, considering the performance and environmental impact of each raw material and stage of the production process. This assessment was carried out by compiling and analyzing greenhouse gas emissions throughout the entire life cycle, from the extraction of raw materials, through all the links in its production chain to the gate, in accordance with ABNT ISO/TS 14067:2018. Performance was also assessed based on the AAR M-926 standard using a 1:1 scale inertial dynamometer capable of simulating the various operating conditions following the specifications of the Brazilian market. The comparative analysis showed that the new railway shoe is a more sustainable option, as it emits 43% less greenhouse gases than the conventional shoe (avoiding 4.7 kg of CO2e in the environment). The performance results also indicated a durability gain of 20% compared to conventional brake shoes.
Herumlungern?! Potentiale einer urbanen Lebensform
Authors: Weber Julia
Published: August 2024

Was bedeutet Herumlungern? Herumlungern als öffentliche Alltagspraxis entzieht sich einer eindeutigen Definition. Seine Bedeutung oszilliert zwischen potentieller Passivität und Aktivität, zwischen Harmlosigkeit und Verdächtigkeit. In ihrer ethnografisch-künstlerischen Forschung geht Julia Weber dem mehrdeutigen Potential des Herumlungerns auf den Grund. Das Herumlungern ist dabei sowohl Erkenntnissubjekt wie auch methodisches Vorgehen. Sie lungerte mit einem Dichter und einer Gruppe langzeiterwerbsloser Menschen in Berlin sowie mit Raver:innen in Zürich über längere und kürzere Zeit herum. Durch die mimetische (An)Teilnahme zeigt sich, wie sich städtische Orte (um)deuten und in selbstbestimmte Räume des Austauschs und der Zugehörigkeit transformieren lassen. In der Rolle als Herumlungernde griff sie selber an ausgewählten städtischen Orten in Berlin und Zürich ins Alltagsleben ein und stellte diese Praxis öffentlich zur Diskussion.
A comprehensive review of carbon dioxide sequestration: Exploring diverse methods for effective post combustion CO2 capture, transport, and storage
Authors: Veluturla Sravanthi , Singh Swastik , Fatima Sarah
Published: August 2024

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a prominent anthropogenic greenhouse gas known for its detrimental impact on climate change and contribution to global warming. The significant rise in CO2 emissions has prompted extensive research into Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology. The primary objective of CCS technology is to mitigate CO2 levels in the atmosphere through the recovery of CO2 from industrial flue gases, achieved through three key stages: CO2 capture from flue gases, CO2 transport, and subsequent storage. This review provides a comprehensive overview of various techniques employed to remove CO2 from flue gases, focusing on physical, chemical and biological methods. The article included comprehensive information about the chemical process, including its benefits and limitations. An extensive overview of the biological and physical approaches was also provided. A brief discussion is given of the engineering aspects of CO2 transfer via pipelines and ships, as well as its storage alternatives (oceanic, geological, and mineralization).Through an analysis of these various approaches, this review directs scientists and researchers toward improving their comprehension and use of effective CO2 collection techniques, consequently tackling the problems associated with global warming.