bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Timing of Maternal COVID-19 Vaccine and Antibody Concentrations in Infants Born Preterm
Authors: Kachikis Alisa , Pike Mindy , Eckert Linda O. , Roberts Emma , Frank Yael , Young Amber L. , Goecker Erin , Gravett Michael G. , Greninger Alexander L. , Englund Janet A.
Published: January 2024

Importance

COVID-19 vaccine–derived antibodies in pregnant people may protect infants from severe infection in the first 6 months of life via transplacental antibody transfer. Few data exist on maternally derived SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in preterm compared with full-term infants in association with vaccination timing.

Objective

To compare SARS-CoV-2 anti-Spike (anti-S) antibody levels in preterm and full-term infants in the context of vaccine dose timing before delivery.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This prospective cohort study enrolled pregnant individuals and collected paired maternal and cord blood samples at delivery at the University of Washington between February 1, 2021, and January 31, 2023. Participants who had received at least 2 doses of a messenger RNA COVID-19 vaccine before delivery and did not have a history of prior COVID-19 infection or detectable anti–SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibodies were included.

Exposures

Timing of the last vaccine dose and preterm or full-term gestational age at delivery.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Paired maternal and cord samples were tested for anti-S antibody, and linear regression was used to evaluate associations between preterm delivery and anti-S antibody levels. Covariates included timing of last dose, number of doses, insurance status, and immunosuppressing medications.

Results

A total of 220 participants (median [IQR] age, 34 [32-37] years; 212 [96.4%] female) with 36 preterm and 184 full-term deliveries were studied. Before delivery, 121 persons received 2 vaccine doses and 99 persons received 3 or more vaccine doses. The geometric mean concentration of maternal anti-S antibodies was 674 (95% CI, 577-787) after 2 doses and 8159 (95% CI, 6636-10 032) after 3 or more doses (P < .001). The cord anti-S antibody geometric mean concentration was 1000 (95% CI, 874-1144) after 2 doses and 9992 (95% CI, 8381-11 914) after 3 or more doses (P < .001). After adjustment for vaccine timing and number of doses before delivery, no association was found between preterm delivery and cord anti-S antibody levels (β = 0.44; 95% CI, −0.06 to 0.94).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this prospective cohort study of pregnant individuals with preterm and full-term deliveries, receipt of 3 or more compared with 2 doses of COVID-19 vaccine before delivery resulted in 10-fold higher cord anti-S antibody levels. Maternal antibody concentration appeared more important than delivery gestational age in determining cord anti-S antibody levels. The number of doses and timing considerations for COVID-19 vaccine in pregnancy should include individuals at risk for preterm delivery.
The inadequacy of current carbon storage assessment methods for rewilding: A Knepp Estate case study
Authors: Burrell Nancy C. , Jeffers Elizabeth S. , Macias‐Fauria Marc , Willis Kathy J.
Published: January 2024

In the context of global climate change mitigation, carbon storage in woody vegetation plays a crucial role. Recognising the value of the i‐Tree Eco model for carbon storage in urban and forestry settings, this study aimed to explore its applicability to rewilded landscapes. Using direct measurements from destructively sampled scrub from the Knepp Estate, our goal was to determine the model's suitability to this landscape.

Our findings reveal that these methods are not appropriate for multi‐stemmed trees below browsing height, as we observed no significant relationship between stem basal diameter and height. The i‐Tree tool's assumption of below‐ground biomass being 26% of above‐ground biomass may not be applicable to herbivore‐influenced landscapes. Additionally, we found that, on average, scrub at Knepp had more biomass below the ground than above, with a root:shoot ratio of 1.07, which is more than four times the amount predicted by current models using the 0.26 estimate ratio.

This study underscores the need for novel allometric approaches that consider species‐specific biomass and the impact of external factors, such as herbivory, on carbon storage. Accurate carbon accounting in future rewilding projects is essential for their contribution to both biodiversity enhancement and climate change mitigation.

While the i‐Tree Eco model provides valuable insights for many ecosystems, our findings suggest that its applicability may be limited in scrubland ecosystems, especially in rewilded landscapes where natural processes create semi‐stable scrub and open wood pastures. Nonetheless, with suitable adjustments or when complemented with other methods, the i‐Tree Eco model could be a valuable tool for specific scrub or rewilding scenarios.
Pain of ODs leads drug policy veteran to endorse OPCs
Authors: Kent Robert
Published: January 2024

I started working on drug policy in 2007 and it has been the most meaningful work I have ever done. The best part of the work has been witnessing so many people find their way to better health. The worst part is the pain that I feel when my friends lose their lives to overdose. I know their families and there is little I can do to ease a pain that will forever be a part of their lives, and that pains me as well.
Nano/Microstructuring of Nickel Electrodes by Combining Direct Laser Interference Patterning and Polygon Scanner Processing for Efficient Hydrogen Production
Authors: Ränke Fabian , Baumann Robert , Voisiat Bogdan , Soldera Marcos , Lasagni Andrés Fabián
Published: January 2024

The present work utilizes direct laser interference patterning in conjunction with a polygon scanner system to fabricate micro‐ and nanostructures on the surface of nickel foils. A picosecond pulsed laser source with an average power of ≈470 W is used to pattern line‐like structures having spatial periods of 11.0 and 25.0 μm and a maximum structure depth of up to 15 μm. The scanning speed and the number of consecutive scans, ranging from 5 to 500, are varied in order to assess their influence on the structure formation process. Furthermore, the use of ultrashort pulses permits the production of hierarchical surface structures having up to four feature size levels because of incubation effects and growth of different types of laser‐induced periodic surface structures. 2D‐fast Fourier transforms are applied to scanning electron microscopy images for analyzing the evolution of features from the nano‐ to microscale. The method proposed here permits the reduction of 22% in the overpotential of the hydrogen evolution reaction, which linearly correlates to the drop in energy required to drive this chemical reaction.
A Multichannel Metabolic Pathway Interference Strategy for Complete Energy Depletion‐Mediated Cancer Therapy
Authors: Ding He , Wei Jianye , Fang Linyang , Feng Lili , Gai Shili , He Fei , Wu Linzhi , Rehman Ziaur , Yang Piaoping
Published: January 2024

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is being progressively integrated as an emerging inhibitor of the electron transport chain in energy interference‐based tumor therapy. However, metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells causes both oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis to occur simultaneously, which contributes to the ineffective therapeutic effect of blocking a single pathway. To achieve complete suppression of energy production, an inorganic H2S donor ZnS@ZIF‐8@CaP nanoparticle (ZSZC NP) carrying Ca and Zn is constructed for achieving simultaneous interference of OXPHOS and glycolysis. The core–shell ZSZC nanoparticles can break down in the tumor microenvironment. This leads to a sustained H2S release and calcium overload to disrupt the normal functioning of mitochondria by inhibiting the expression of cytochrome c and causing damage to mitochondrial membrane potential. Meanwhile, the presence of Zn2+ hinders the typical process of glycolysis by impeding the functioning of lactate dehydrogenase and glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase. The synchronous interference of OXPHOS and glycolysis hampers the energy supply to cancer cells. Additionally, H2S and calcium overload can expedite tumor necrosis in vivo by inducing cellular acidification and calcification. Therefore, this energy‐blocking strategy will completely deplete the energy reserves of cancer cells and provide new insights for exploring bioenergetic inhibition as a treatment approach.
Photocrosslinked Silk Fibroin Microgel Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Karimi Fatemeh , Farbehi Nona , Ziaee Farzaneh , Lau Kieran , Monfared Marzieh , Kordanovski Marija , Joukhdar Habib , Molly Thomas G. , Nordon Robert , Kilian Kristopher A. , Stenzel Martina H. , Lim Khoon S. , Rnjak‐Kovacina Jelena
Published: January 2024

Silk fibroin hydrogels are extensively explored for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine as an artificial extracellular matrix (ECM) that can support tissue growth. However, the nanometer pore size of hydrogels limits adequate cell, tissue, and vascular infiltration. Microgel scaffolds are an emerging class of microporous biomaterials formed by annealing small microscale hydrogels (microgels) into a 3D construct. In this work, silk microgels are generated using a microfluidic device that allows tuning of the microgel diameter (100–400 µm) and are stabilized via visible light‐initiated photo‐crosslinking of native tyrosine residues in silk. Microgels are then covalently annealed using silk solution as glue and the same cytocompatible visible light‐initiated crosslinking to form microgel scaffolds. Unlike the nano‐porosity of bulk photo‐crosslinked silk hydrogels, the microgel scaffolds have an average pore diameter of 29 ± 17 or 192 ± 81 µm depending on the microgel size, with enhanced mechanical properties compared to bulk hydrogels. This microporosity supports enhanced cell spreading and proliferation in vitro and increases scaffold remodeling in vivo, encouraging improved tissue infiltration and matrix deposition. The microgel size and material format also affect inflammatory responses in vivo. This work demonstrates that silk microgels and microgel scaffolds are promising candidates for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
Quasi‐CW Amplified Spontaneous Emission in Air‐Processed Quasi‐2D Perovskite Thin Films with High Stability
Authors: Zhang Xiaowei , Li Yuanzhao , He Guo , Xia Lifen , Qiao Xianfeng , Zhang Dengliang , Yang Dezhi , Chen Jiangshan , Ma Dongge , Peng Junbiao
Published: January 2024

Due to the hydrophobic organic cations, quasi‐two‐dimensional (quasi‐2D) lead halide perovskite materials have shown better moisture resistance. However, the inappropriate multiphase structure in the quasi‐2D perovskite films seriously affects the efficient transport of energy from low‐n domains to high‐n domains, especially when prepared in air. Herein, the study develops efficient quasi‐2D perovskite films in 30% ± 10% humidity and studies their amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) properties. It can be seen that the phase disproportionation of the quasi‐2D perovskite films prepared in air is greatly suppressed by manipulating the crystallization kinetics of the multiphase structure via using the organic additive benzimidazole (BI), thereby enabling a narrowed phase distribution. Due to the improvement in energy transfer efficiency, surface roughness, and humidity stability, the ASE with a low threshold of 13.4 µJ cm−2 is realized under the quasi‐continuous pumping condition, which is significantly <28.8 µJ cm−2 of the pristine film. Furthermore, the introduction of BI organic additive enhanced the number of peak intensity half‐decay pulses to as high as 5.6 × 107, indicating a good operating stability of the BI‐treated films. This work suggests that the BI‐treated quasi‐2D perovskite films provide the possibility for preparing high‐performance lasers in air.
Multienzyme Active Manganese Oxide Alleviates Acute Liver Injury by Mimicking Redox Regulatory System and Inhibiting Ferroptosis
Authors: Wu Aimin , Li Min , Chen Yinyin , Zhang Wei , Li Haoran , Chen Junzhou , Gu Ke , Wang Xianxiang
Published: January 2024

Drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) is a severe condition characterized by impaired liver function and the excessive activation of ferroptosis. Unfortunately, there are limited options currently available for preventing or treating DILI. In this study, MnO2 nanoflowers (MnO2Nfs) with remarkable capabilities of mimicking essential antioxidant enzymes, including catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase are successfully synthesized, and SOD is the dominant enzyme among them by density functional theory. Notably, MnO2Nfs demonstrate high efficiency in effectively eliminating diverse reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2•−), and hydroxyl radical (•OH). Through in vitro experiments, it is demonstrated that MnO2Nfs significantly enhance the recovery of intracellular glutathione content, acting as a potent inhibitor of ferroptosis even in the presence of ferroptosis activators. Moreover, MnO2Nfs exhibit excellent liver accumulation properties, providing robust protection against oxidative damage. Specifically, they attenuate acetaminophen‐induced ferroptosis by inhibiting ferritinophagy and activating the P62‐NRF2‐GPX4 antioxidation signaling pathways. These findings highlight the remarkable ROS scavenging ability of MnO2Nfs and hold great promise as an innovative and potential clinical therapy for DILI and other ROS‐related liver diseases.
Sr4Al2O7: A New Sacrificial Layer with High Water Dissolution Rate for the Synthesis of Freestanding Oxide Membranes
Authors: Nian Leyan , Sun Haoying , Wang Zhichao , Xu Duo , Hao Bo , Yan Shengjun , Li Yueying , Zhou Jian , Deng Yu , Hao Yufeng , Nie Yuefeng
Published: January 2024

Freestanding perovskite oxide membranes have drawn great attention recently since they offer exceptional structural tunability and stacking ability, providing new opportunities in fundamental research and potential device applications in silicon‐based semiconductor technology. Among different types of sacrificial layers, the (Ca, Sr, Ba)3Al2O6 compounds are most widely used since they can be dissolved in water and prepare high‐quality perovskite oxide membranes with clean and sharp surfaces and interfaces; However, the typical transfer process takes a long time (up to hours) in obtaining millimeter‐size freestanding membranes, let alone realize wafer‐scale samples with high yield. Here, a new member of the SrO‐Al2O3 family, Sr4Al2O7 is introduced, and its high dissolution rate, ≈10 times higher than that of Sr3Al2O6 is demonstrated. The high‐dissolution‐rate of Sr4Al2O7 is most likely related to the more discrete Al‐O networks and higher concentration of water‐soluble Sr‐O species in this compound. This work significantly facilitates the preparation of freestanding membranes and sheds light on the integration of multifunctional perovskite oxides in practical electronic devices.
Control of Charge‐Spin Interconversion in van der Waals Heterostructures with Chiral Charge Density Waves
Authors: Chi Zhendong , Lee Seungjun , Yang Haozhe , Dolan Eoin , Safeer C. K. , Ingla‐Aynés Josep , Herling Franz , Ontoso Nerea , Martín‐García Beatriz , Gobbi Marco , Low Tony , Hueso Luis E. , Casanova Fèlix
Published: January 2024

A charge density wave (CDW) represents an exotic state in which electrons are arranged in a long‐range ordered pattern in low‐dimensional materials. Although the understanding of the fundamental character of CDW is enriched after extensive studies, its practical application remains limited. Here, an unprecedented demonstration of a tunable charge‐spin interconversion (CSI) in graphene/1T‐TaS2 van der Waals heterostructures is shown by manipulating the distinct CDW phases in 1T‐TaS2. Whereas CSI from spins polarized in all three directions is observed in the heterostructure when the CDW phase does not show commensurability, the output of one of the components disappears, and the other two are enhanced when the CDW phase becomes commensurate. The experimental observation is supported by first‐principles calculations, which evidence that chiral CDW multidomains in the heterostructure are at the origin of the switching of CSI. The results uncover a new approach for on‐demand CSI in low‐dimensional systems, paving the way for advanced spin‐orbitronic devices.
Beyond Conventional Carbon Activation: Creating Porosity without Etching Using Cesium Effect
Authors: Li Jiaxin , Xu Yaolin , Li Pengzhou , Völkel Antje , Saldaña Fernando Igoa , Antonietti Markus , López‐Salas Nieves , Odziomek Mateusz
Published: January 2024

Facile synthesis of porous carbon with high yield and high specific surface area (SSA) from low‐cost molecular precursors offers promising opportunities for their industrial applications. However, conventional activation methods using potassium and sodium hydroxides or carbonates suffer from low yields (<20%) and poor control over porosity and composition especially when high SSAs are targeted (>2000 m2 g−1) because nanopores are typically created by etching. Herein, a non‐etching activation strategy is demonstrated using cesium salts of low‐cost carboxylic acids as the sole precursor in producing porous carbons with yields of up to 25% and SSAs reaching 3008 m2 g−1. The pore size and oxygen content can be adjusted by tuning the synthesis temperature or changing the molecular precursor. Mechanistic investigation unravels the non‐classical role of cesium as an activating agent. The cesium compounds that form in situ, including carbonates, oxides, and metallic cesium, have extremely low work function enabling electron injection into organic/carbonaceous framework, promoting condensation, and intercalation of cesium ions into graphitic stacks forming slit pores. The resulting porous carbons deliver a high capacity of 252 mAh g−1 (567 F g−1) and durability of 100 000 cycles as cathodes of Zn‐ion capacitors, showing their potential for electrochemical energy storage.
3D Noble‐Metal Nanostructures Approaching Atomic Efficiency and Atomic Density Limits
Authors: Liu Shangheng , Huang Wei‐Hsiang , Meng Shuang , Jiang Kezhu , Han Jiajia , Zhang Qiaobao , Hu Zhiwei , Pao Chih‐Wen , Geng Hongbo , Huang Xuan , Zhan Changhong , Yun Qinbai , Xu Yong , Huang Xiaoqing
Published: January 2024

Noble metals have been widely used in catalysis, however, the scarcity and high cost of noble metal motivate researchers to balance the atomic efficiency and atomic density, which is formidably challenging. This article proposes a robust strategy for fabricating 3D amorphous noble metal‐based oxides with simultaneous enhancement on atomic efficiency and density with the assistance of atomic channels, where the atomic utilization increases from 18.2% to 59.4%. The unique properties of amorphous bimetallic oxides and formation of atomic channels have been evidenced by detailed experimental characterizations and theoretical simulations. Moreover, the universality of the current strategy is validated by other binary oxides. When Cu2IrOx with atomic channels (Cu2IrOx‐AE) is used as catalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the mass activity and turnover frequency value of Cu2IrOx‐AE are 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than CuO/IrO2 and Cu2IrOx without atomic channels, largely outperforming the reported OER catalysts. Theoretical calculations reveal that the formation of atomic channels leads to various Ir sites, on which the proton of adsorbed *OH can transfer to adjacent O atoms of [IrO6]. This work may attract immediate interest of researchers in material science, chemistry, catalysis, and beyond.
Amorphous MnO2 Lamellae Encapsulated Covalent Triazine Polymer‐Derived Multi‐Heteroatoms‐Doped Carbon for ORR/OER Bifunctional Electrocatalysis
Authors: Huo Liping , Lv Minghui , Li Mingjin , Ni Xuepeng , Guan Jingyu , Liu Jian , Mei Shuxing , Yang Yuqi , Zhu Miaomiao , Feng Qichun , Geng Peng , Hou Jianhua , Huang Niu , Liu Wei , Kong Xin Ying , Zheng Yong , Ye Liqun
Published: January 2024

The intelligent construction of non‐noble metal materials that exhibit reversible oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with bifunctional electrocatalytic performance is greatly coveted in the realm of zinc‐air batteries (ZABs). Herein, a crafted structure‐amorphous MnO2 lamellae encapsulated covalent triazine polymer‐derived N, S, P co‐doped carbon sphere (A‐MnO2/NSPC) is designed using a self‐doped pyrolysis coupled with an in situ encapsulation strategy. The customized A‐MnO2/NSPC‐2 demonstrates a superior bifunctional electrocatalytic performance, confirmed by a small ΔE index of 0.64 V for ORR/OER. Experimental investigations, along with density functional theory calculations validate that predesigned amorphous MnO2 surface defects and abundant heteroatom catalytic active sites collectively enhance the oxygen electrocatalytic performance. Impressively, the A‐MnO2/NSPC‐based rechargeable liquid ZABs show a large open‐circuit potential of 1.54 V, an ultrahigh peak power density of 181 mW cm−2, an enormous capacity of 816 mAh g−1, and a remarkable stability for more than 1720 discharging/charging cycles. Additionally, the assembled flexible all‐solid‐state ZABs also demonstrate outstanding cycle stability, surpassing 140 discharging/charging cycles. Therefore, this highly operable synthetic strategy offers substantial understanding in the development of magnificent bifunctional electrocatalysts for various sustainable energy conversions and beyond.
High‐Efficiency Pure Red CsPbI3 QLEDs Via Strong Electron Affinity Interface Layer Engineering
Authors: Deng Ming , Li Yanming , Zhang Xuanyu , Wu Chunyan , Zhang Ting , Qian Lei , Xiang Chaoyu
Published: January 2024

Inorganic perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have garnered significant attention due to their outstanding optical properties. However, perovskite quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (Pe‐QLEDs) still face challenges related to their fluorescence efficiency and electron injection. First, the electron transport layer (ETL) leads to severe non‐radiative recombination due to fluorescence quenching in CsPbI3 QDs. Second, there is an electron injection imbalance resulting from low electron injection efficiency, leading to reduced non‐radiative recombination and external quantum efficiency. To address these issues, this study introduces two interface layer materials with different electron affinities, 1,3,5‐Tris(3‐pyridyl‐3‐phenyl)benzene (TmPyPB) and 2,4,6‐Tris(3′‐(pyridine‐3‐yl)biphenyl‐3‐yl)‐1,3,5‐triazine (TmPPPyTz). These materials not only passivated defects on the surface of CsPbI3 QDs films but also effectively prevented the fluorescence quenching of CsPbI3 QDs by the PO‐T2T (ETL). TmPPPyTz, with a relatively lower LUMO energy level, further improved energy level matching, significantly enhancing electron injection efficiency. Ultimately, using interface engineering with the TmPPPyTz interface layer, the devices achieved an outstanding 25.80% champion‐level external quantum efficiency (EQE) for Pe‐QLEDs with only a sub‐bandgap voltage of 1.7 V and half‐life (T50) is 17.99 h at 100 nits. This research provided an effective method to enhance the performance of CsPbI3 Pe‐QLEDs, addressing long‐standing issues inhibiting their efficiency.
Alkali‐Metal–Assisted Green‐Solvent Synthesis for In Situ Growth of Perovskite Nanocrystals in Porous Materials
Authors: Wang Peijun , Wang Bolun , Li Nan , He Tong , Zhang Hao , Zhang Lu , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: January 2024

Inorganic metal halide perovskite CsPbX3 (X = I, Br, and Cl) nanocrystals (NCs) are rapidly developed due to their excellent photophysical properties and potential applications in lighting, lasers, and scintillators. However, the materials for growing perovskite NCs are insoluble or hydrolyzed in most green solvents, limiting their further development. Based on rational chemical analysis, an alkali‐metal–assisted green‐solvent synthesis method for in situ growth of CsPbBr3 NCs within SAPO‐34 zeolite with bright luminescence is developed. Water is the only solvent used in the whole process. Surprisingly, by the synergistic effect of the channel structure of SAPO‐34 and alkali‐metal ions crystallization regulation, the CsPbBr3 NCs embedded in SAPO‐34 assisted by Na+ emit bright blue light under ultraviolet illumination, with a 30 nm blue shift comparing to the CsPbBr3 NCs assisted by K+. Moreover, CsPbBr3 NCs can also be grown in mesoporous SiO2 SBA‐15 and zeolites including ZSM‐5, AlPO‐5, and SOD, indicating that the method is universal for in situ growth of luminescent perovskite NCs in porous materials. This alkali‐metal–assisted green‐solvent synthesis provides a new strategy for developing high‐quantum–yield, tunable‐emission, and stable perovskite luminescent materials.
Screening Selection of Hydrogen Evolution‐Inhibiting and Zincphilic Alloy Anode for Aqueous Zn Battery
Authors: Wang Luyao , Zhou Shaojie , Yang Kai , Huang Weiwei , Ogata Shigenobu , Gao Lei , Pu Xiong
Published: January 2024

The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and Zn dendrites growth are two entangled detrimental effects hindering the application of aqueous Zn batteries. The alloying strategy is studied to be a convenient avenue to stabilize Zn anodes, but there still lacks global understanding when selecting reliable alloy elements. Herein, it is proposed to evaluate the Zn alloying elements in a holistic way by considering their effects on HER, zincphilicity, price, and environmental‐friendliness. Screening selection sequence is established through the theoretical evaluation of 17 common alloying elements according to their effects on hydrogen evolution and Zn nucleation thermodynamics. Two alloy electrodes with opposite predicted effects are prepared for experimental demonstration, i.e., HER‐inhibiting Bi and HER‐exacerbating Ni. Impressively, the optimum ZnBi alloy anode exhibits one order of magnitude lower hydrogen evolution rate than that of the pure Zn, leading to an ultra‐long plating/stripping cycling life for more than 11 000 cycles at a high current density of 20 mA cm−2 and 81% capacity retention for 170 cycles in a Zn‐V2O5 pouch cell. The study not only proposes a holistic alloy selection principle for Zn anode but also identifies a practically effective alloy element.
Contact‐Based and Proximally Thermosensitive Few‐Layer Graphene Ntc Thermistors with Highly Fast Switching Behavior
Authors: Umar Muhammad , Irani Farid Sayar , Mirbakht Seyed Sajjad , Yapici Murat Kaya
Published: January 2024

Patterning graphene onto polymeric materials offers benefits in realizing flexible, stretchable, and wearable multifunctional electrodes. However, the employed integration approaches and use of non‐patternable polymers hinder the patterning of graphene at the sub‐millimeter (mm) scale. Serpentine‐shaped thermally active graphene patterns (thermistors) of 500 × 500 µm2 area are reported by the seamless integration of chemical vapor‐deposited graphene (GCVD) into readily available SU‐8 polymer with MEMS‐compatible cleanroom fabrication processes. The thermistor resistance decreases with an increase in graphene temperature changed by local heat conduction or environmental thermal radiations; hence, exhibits a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) of resistance of 0.0012/°C. Furthermore, very fast resistive switching with 1 s response and 3.2 s recovery time is observed under cyclic heating and cooling. Several application scenarios including, monitoring of surface temperature (e.g., kettle and human body), rapid response (0.25 s) to heat conduction and radiations (0.5 s) from human finger at room temperature for contact and touch‐free proximity switching (e.g., turn ON and OFF an LCD display) are demonstrated. Moreover, owing to its small area less than a ceramic resistor enabled to integrate the fabricated thermistor onto a printed circuit board (PCB) to construct a fully packaged thermometer to monitor ambient temperature.
Rationally Designed Conversion‐Type Lithium Metal Protective Layer for All‐Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Lim Haechannara , Jun Seunggoo , Song Yong Bae , Baeck Ki Heon , Bae Hongyeul , Lee Garam , Kim Jinhong , Jung Yoon Seok
Published: January 2024

A stable interfacial design bridging Li metal and sulfide solid electrolytes is imperative for deploying practical all‐solid‐state Li metal batteries. Despite the extensive exploration of interlayer materials, including inorganic substances, lithiophilic metals, and their composites, a comprehensive understanding of their stability and chemo‐mechanical evolution, particularly those influenced by cell fabrication processes, remains unexplored. Herein, it is meticulously investigate the formation and evolution of LiF, Mg, and conversion‐type multicomponent MgF2 ultrathin interlayers, each fabricated via thermal evaporation deposition. Unexpectedly, LiF and Mg fail to enhance cell performance, with LiF notably susceptible to external pressures during cell fabrication, leading to serious current constriction, while Mg deposition results in the formation of a Li‐rich solid solution. Remarkably, the MgF2 coatings demonstrate substantially superior performance in both Li|Li6PS5Cl|Li symmetric cells (up to 2000 h) and LiNi0.70Co0.15Mn0.15O2|Li6PS5Cl|Li full‐cells (82% capacity retention after 800 cycles) at 30 °C. These results are attributed to the in‐situ formation of LiF and LixMg nanograins through a conversion reaction, which, after repeated cycling, maintains stability and a fixed position at the interface while ensuring uniform interfacial Li+ flux. Supported by comprehensive analyses, these findings highlight the pivotal role of conversion‐type interlayers in mitigating side reactions and preventing Li penetration.
Cortisol levels across the lifespan in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)
Authors: Lopez Matthew , Seidl Amaya , Phillips Kimberley A.
Published: January 2024

Human aging is associated with senescence of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, leading to progressive dysregulation characterized by increased cortisol exposure. This key hormone is implicated in the pathogenesis of many age‐related diseases. Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) display a wide spectrum of naturally occurring age‐related pathologies that compare similarly to humans and are increasingly used as translational models of aging and age‐related disease. Whether the marmoset HPA axis also shows senescence with increasing age is unknown. We analyzed hair cortisol concentration (HCC) across the lifespan of 50 captive common marmosets, ranging in age from approximately 2 months–14.5 years, via a cross‐sectional design. Samples were processed and analyzed for cortisol using enzyme immunoassay. HCC ranged from 1416 to 15,343 pg/mg and was negatively correlated with age. We found significant main effects of age group (infant, adolescent, adult, aged, very aged) and sex on HCC, and no interaction effects. Infants had significantly higher levels of HCC compared with all other age groups. Females had higher HCC than males. There was no interaction between age and sex. These results suggest marmosets do not show dysregulation of the HPA axis with increasing age, as measured via HCC.
N‐Cyanopiperazines as Specific Covalent Inhibitors of the Deubiquitinating Enzyme UCHL1
Authors: Schmidt Mirko , Grethe Christian , Recknagel Sarah , Kipka Gian‐Marvin , Klink Nikolas , Gersch Malte
Published: January 2024

Cyanamides have emerged as privileged scaffolds in covalent inhibitors of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). However, many compounds with a cyanopyrrolidine warhead show cross‐reactivity toward small subsets of DUBs or toward the protein deglycase PARK7/DJ‐1, hampering their use for the selective perturbation of a single DUB in living cells. Here, we disclose N’‐alkyl,N‐cyanopiperazines as structures for covalent enzyme inhibition with exceptional specificity for the DUB UCHL1 among 55 human deubiquitinases and with effective target engagement in cells. Notably, transitioning from 5‐membered pyrrolidines to 6‐membered heterocycles eliminated PARK7 binding and introduced context‐dependent reversibility of the isothiourea linkage to the catalytic cysteine of UCHL1. Compound potency and specificity were analysed by a range of biochemical assays and with a crystal structure of a cyanopiperazine in covalent complex with UCHL1. The structure revealed a compound‐induced conformational restriction of the cross‐over loop, which underlies the observed inhibitory potencies. Through the rationalization of specificities of different cyanamides, we introduce a framework for the investigation of protein reactivity of bioactive nitriles of this compound class. Our results represent an encouraging case study for the refining of electrophilic compounds into chemical probes, emphasizing the potential to engineer specificity through subtle chemical modifications around the warhead.
Observation of Iron with Eight Coordination in Iron Trifluoride under High Pressure
Authors: Lu Wencheng , Liu Siyu , Zhou Mi , Wang Hongbo , Liu Guangtao , Liu Hanyu , Ma Yanming
Published: January 2024

The chemistry of hypercoordination has been a subject of fundamental interest, especially for understanding structures that challenge conventional wisdom. The small ionic radii of Fe ions typically result in coordination numbers of 4 or 6 in stable Fe‐bearing ionic compounds. While 8‐coordinated Fe has been observed in highly compressed oxides, the pursuit of hypercoordinated Fe still faces significant challenges due to the complexity of synthesizing the anticipated compound with another suitable anion. Through first‐principles simulation and advanced crystal structure prediction methods, we predict that an orthorhombic phase of FeF3 with exclusively 8‐coordinated Fe is energetically stable above 18 GPa—a pressure more feasibly achieved compared to oxides. Inspired by this theoretical result, we conducted extensive experiments using a laser‐heated diamond anvil cell technique to investigate the crystal structures of FeF3 at high‐pressure conditions. We successfully synthesized the predicted orthorhombic phase of FeF3 at 46 GPa, as confirmed by in situ experimental X‐ray diffraction data. This work establishes a new ionic compound featuring rare 8‐coordinated Fe in a simple binary Fe‐bearing system and paves the way for discovering Fe hypercoordination in similar systems.
Photocatalysis Meets Confinement: An Emerging Opportunity for Photoinduced Organic Transformations
Authors: Hao Yanke , Lu Yu‐Lin , Jiao Zhiwei , Su Cheng‐Yong
Published: January 2024

The self‐assembled metal‐organic cages (MOCs) have been evolved as a paradigm of enzyme‐mimic catalysts since they are able to synergize multifunctionalities inherent in metal and organic components and constitute microenvironments characteristic of enzymatic spatial confinement and versatile host–guest interactions, thus facilitating unconventional organic transformations via unique driving‐forces such as weak noncovalent binding and electron/energy transfer. Recently, MOC‐based photoreactors emerged as a burgeoning platform of supramolecular photocatalysis, displaying anomalous reactivities and selectivities distinct from bulk solution. This perspective recaps two decades journey of the photoinduced radical reactions by using photoactive metal‐organic cages (PMOCs) as artificial reactors, outlining how the cage‐confined photocatalysis was evolved from stoichiometric photoreactions to photocatalytic turnover, from high‐energy UV‐irradiation to sustainable visible‐light photoactivation, and from simple radical reactions to multi‐level chemo‐ and stereoselectivities. We will focus on PMOCs that merge structural and functional biomimicry into a single‐cage to behave as multi‐role photoreactors, emphasizing their potentials in tackling current challenges in organic transformations through single‐electron transfer (SET) or energy transfer (EnT) pathways in a simple, green while feasible manner.
A Stable Extra‐Large Pore and High‐Silica Zeolite Derived from Ge‐Rich Precursor
Authors: Zhao Yuhong , Wu Shitao , Wang Jilong , Peng Mingming , Xu Hao , Jiang Jingang , Ma Yanhang , Wu Peng
Published: January 2024

A multidimensional extra‐large pore zeolite with highly hydrothermal stability, denoted as −IRT−HS, has been developed successfully, starting from Ge‐rich germanosilicate precursor hydrothermally directed by a small and commercially available piperidinium‐type organic structure‐directing agent (OSDA). −IRT−HS, with the supermicropores, is structurally analogues to 28‐membered ring −IRT topology as confirmed by various spectroscopic techniques. And it is the high‐silica (Si/Ge=58) zeolite with the largest pore size as well. Notably, using acid‐washed as‐made Ge‐rich −IRT precursor as the silicon source is crucial to restore partially collapsed structure into a stable framework by OSDA‐assisted recrystallization. The calcined −IRT−HS maintains a high crystallinity, even when stored in a humid environment for extended periods or directly exposed to water. Additionally, high silica Al‐containing analogue is also readily synthesized, serving as an active solid‐acid catalyst in 1,3,5‐triisopropylbenzene cracking reaction, yielding an impressive initial conversion up to 76.1 % much higher than conventional large‐pore Beta zeolite (30.4 %). This work will pave the way for the designed synthesis of targeted high‐silica zeolites with stable and extra‐large pore frameworks, mimicking the structures of existing Ge‐rich counterparts.
Enabling Highly Robust Full‐Color Ultralong Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence and Stable White Organic Afterglow from Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Liang Yaohui , Hu Pengtao , Zhang Huaqing , Yang Qingchen , Wei Hengshan , Chen Ruitai , Yu Jiahai , Liu Cong , Wang Yuhai , Luo Suilian , Shi Guang , Chi Zhenguo , Xu Bingjia
Published: January 2024

In this work, full‐color and stable white organic afterglow materials with outstanding water, organic solvents, and temperature resistances have been developed for the first time by embedding the selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons into melamine‐formaldehyde polymer via solution polymerization. The afterglow quantum yields and lifetimes of the resulting polymer films were up to 22.7 % and 4.83 s, respectively, under ambient conditions. For the coronene‐doped sample, its afterglow color could be linearly tuned between yellow and blue by adjusting the temperature, and it could still emit an intense blue afterglow with a lifetime of 0.68 s at 440 K. Moreover, the films showed a bright and stable white afterglow at 370 K with a lifetime of 2.80 s and maintained an excellent afterglow performance after soaking in water and organic solvents for more than 150 days. In addition, the application potential of the polymer films in information encryption and anti‐counterfeiting was also demonstrated.
Abundance of five sympatric stream dwelling mussels varies with physical habitat
Authors: Skorupa Ayla J. , Roy Allison H. , Hazelton Peter D. , Perkins David , Warren Timothy , Fisk Andy
Published: January 2024

Freshwater mussel species regularly co‐occur in streams forming assemblages, but the extent of shared versus unique instream habitat features that contribute to their distribution and abundance is poorly understood. In Massachusetts, a rare species, Alasmidonta varicosa, is often found with four other species: Alasmidonta undulata, Strophitus undulatus, Margaritifera margaritifera, and Elliptio complanata, yet variation in species composition within assemblages raises questions of potential species‐specific habitat associations. Identifying species‐level habitat information is critical at a spatial scale that malacologists can use to identify translocation or restoration areas.

This study investigated whether species abundance varied by mesohabitat type (riffle, run, dam pool, scour pool), instream habitat characteristics, and within‐reach location (centre versus edge). From 2016 to 2019, freshwater mussel surveys were conducted in nine streams across Massachusetts and associated habitat information was collected.

Species abundances were similar across mesohabitat types. Elliptio complanata was the exception, whereby higher abundances occurred in runs and dammed pools than in riffles. Unique species relationships with habitat existed for M. margaritifera with macroalgae and emergent vegetation, and A. varicosa with heterogeneous substrate. Flow transitions, such as depositional areas that create heterogeneous substrates, may provide habitats for A. varicosa.

Most mussel species were distributed with higher abundance in the river centre than the edge; E. complanata was the only species with a higher abundance at the river edge. Locations with high abundance varied based on unique relationships with pebble heterogeneity (A. varicosa), depth (A. undulata), large wood (A. undulata), and canopy closure (E. complanata). Including physical characteristics in a holistic assessment of habitat that incorporates fish and landscape attributes may further an understanding of river reaches that best support translocated and propagated freshwater mussels.
Interrelationships among Early Triassic faunas of Western Gondwana and Laurasia as illuminated by a new South American benthosuchid temnospondyl
Authors: Pinheiro Felipe L. , Eltink Estevan , Paes‐Neto Voltaire D. , Machado Arielli F. , Simões Tiago R. , Pierce Stephanie E.
Published: January 2024

The End‐Permian Mass Extinction marked a critical turning point in Earth's history, and the biological recovery that followed the crisis led to the emergence of several modern vertebrate and invertebrate taxa. Even considering the importance of the Early Triassic biotic recovery for the evolution of modern faunas and floras, our knowledge of this event is still hindered by the sparse sampling of crucial geological formations. This leaves our understanding of Early Triassic ecosystems fundamentally biased toward productive and historically well‐explored geological units. Recent surveys in poorly known Gondwanan localities, such as those within the Sanga do Cabral Formation in southern Brazil, have unveiled insights into Early Triassic terrestrial ecosystems, shedding light on a diverse and previously unknown tetrapod fauna. Here, we report the discovery of a new temnospondyl genus and species in the Lower Triassic Sanga do Cabral Formation. The new taxon can be confidently assigned to the Benthosuchidae, a stereospondyl clade with a distribution previously restricted to the East European Platform. Phylogenetic analysis confirms the relationship of the new genus to the trematosaurian lineage, being closely related to the genus Benthosuchus. Our results raise questions about the biogeographical history of stereospondyls after the End‐Permian Mass Extinction and suggest a potential connection between Russian and South American Early Triassic faunas. Further investigations are needed to thoroughly explore the potential dispersal routes that may explain this seemingly unusual biogeographical pattern.
Fe3C/Fe Decorated N‐doped Carbon Derived from Tetrabutylammonium tetrachloroferrate Complex as Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for ORR, OER and Zn‐Air Batteries in Alkaline Medium
Authors: Ghosh Debojit , Banerjee Rumeli , Bhaduri Samanka Narayan , Chatterjee Rupak , Ghosh Abhisek Brata , Das Samarpita , Pramanick Indrani , Bhaumik Asim , Biswas Papu
Published: January 2024

The emergence of non‐precious metal‐based robust and economic bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for both oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial for the rational design of commercial rechargeable Zn‐air batteries (RZAB) with safe energy conversion and storage systems. Herein, a facile strategy to fabricate a cost‐efficient, bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst Fe3C/Fe decorated N doped carbon (FeC‐700, the catalyst prepared at carbinization temperature of 700 °C) with a unique structure has been developed by carbonization of a single source precursor, tetrabutylammonium tetrachloroferrate(III) complex. The ORR and OER activity revealed excellent performance (ΔE=0.77 V) of the FeC‐700 electrocatalyst, comparable to commercial Pt/C and RuO2, respectively. The designed temperature‐tuneable structure provided sufficiently accessible active sites for the continuous passage of electrons by shortening the mass transfer pathway, leading to extremely durable electrocatalysts with high ECSA and amazing charge transfer performance. Remarkably, the assembled Zn‐air batteries with the FeC‐700 catalyst as the bifunctional air electrode delivers gratifying charging‐discharging ability with an impressive power density of 134 mW cm−2 with a long lifespan, demonstrating prodigious possibilities for practical application.
Factors affecting product association as a mechanism of host‐cell protein persistence in bioprocessing
Authors: Oh Young Hoon , Becker Matthew L. , Mendola Kerri M. , Choe Leila H. , Min Lie , Lee Kelvin H. , Yigzaw Yinges , Seay Alexander , Bill Jerome , Li Xuanwen , Roush David J. , Cramer Steven M. , Menegatti Stefano , Lenhoff Abraham M.
Published: January 2024

Product association of host‐cell proteins (HCPs) to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is widely regarded as a mechanism that can enable HCP persistence through multiple purification steps and even into the final drug substance. Discussion of this mechanism often implies that the existence or extent of persistence is directly related to the strength of binding but actual measurements of the binding affinity of such interactions remain sparse. Two separate avenues of investigation of HCP‐mAb binding are reported here. One is the measurement of the affinity of binding of individual, commonly persistent Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) HCPs to each of a set of mAbs, and the other uses quantitative proteomic measurements to assess binding of HCPs in a null CHO harvested cell culture fluid (HCCF) to mAbs produced in the same cell line. The individual HCP measurements show that the binding affinities of individual HCPs to different mAbs can vary appreciably but are rarely very high, with only weak pH dependence. The measurements on the null HCCF allow estimation of individual HCP‐mAb affinities; these are typically weaker than those seen in affinity measurements on isolated HCPs. Instead, the extent of binding appears correlated with the initial abundance of individual HCPs in the HCCF and the forms of the HCPs in the solution, i.e., whether HCPs are present as free molecules or as parts of large aggregates. Separate protein A chromatography experiments performed by feeding different fractions of a mAb‐containing HCCF obtained by size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC) showed clear differences in the number and identity of HCPs found in the protein A eluate. These results indicate a significant role for HCP‐mAb association in determining HCP persistence through protein A chromatography, presumably through binding of HCP‐mAb complexes to the resin. Overall, the results illustrate the importance of considering more fully the biophysical context of HCP‐product association in assessing the factors that may affect the phenomenon and determine its implications. Knowledge of the abundances and the forms of individual or aggregated HCPs in HCCF are particularly significant, emphasizing the integration of upstream and downstream bioprocessing and the importance of understanding the collective properties of HCPs in addition to just the biophysical properties of individual HCPs.