bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Confirmation of an He I evaporating atmosphere around the 650-Myr-old sub-Neptune HD 235088 b (TOI-1430 b) with CARMENES
Authors: Orell-Miquel J. , Lampón M. , López-Puertas M. , Mallorquín M. , Murgas F. , Peláez-Torres A. , Pallé E. , Esparza-Borges E. , Sanz-Forcada J. , Tabernero H. M. , Nortmann L. , Nagel E. , Parviainen H. , Zapatero Osorio M. R. , Caballero J. A. , Czesla S. , Cifuentes C. , Morello G. , Quirrenbach A. , Amado P. J. , Fernández-Martín A. , Fukui A. , Henning Th. , Kawauchi K. , de Leon J. P. , Molaverdikhani K. , Montes D. , Narita N. , Reiners A. , Ribas I. , Sánchez-López A. , Schweitzer A. , Stangret M. , Yan F.
Published: July 2023

HD 235088 (TOI-1430) is a young star known to host a sub-Neptune-sized planet candidate. We validated the planetary nature of HD 235088 b with multiband photometry, refined its planetary parameters, and obtained a new age estimate of the host star, placing it at 600–800 Myr. Previous spectroscopic observations of a single transit detected an excess absorption of He I coincident in time with the planet candidate transit. Here, we confirm the presence of He I in the atmosphere of HD 235088 b with one transit observed with CARMENES. We also detected hints of variability in the strength of the helium signal, with an absorption of −0.91 ± 0.11%, which is slightly deeper (2σ) than the previous measurement. Furthermore, we simulated the He I signal with a spherically symmetric 1D hydrodynamic model, finding that the upper atmosphere of HD 235088 b escapes hydrodynamically with a significant mass loss rate of (1.5−5) × 1010 g s−1 in a relatively cold outflow, with T = 3125 ±375 K, in the photon-limited escape regime. HD 235088 b (Rp = 2.045 ± 0.075 R⊕) is the smallest planet found to date with a solid atmospheric detection – not just of He I but any other atom or molecule. This positions it a benchmark planet for further analyses of evolving young sub-Neptune atmospheres.
Psychology of Environmental Education: World Experience and Contemporary Problems
Authors: Kafarova Kizhanum , Botsieva Nino , Muskhadzhieva Tamara
Published: July 2023

In any discussion devoted to certain environmental problems and ways to solve them, sooner or later the question of the so-called “environmental consciousness”, “turn”, or “revolution”, the thinking of the people around us on the “green rails” appears. It is quite difficult to do this, experts admit, because it is behavioral or value reactions that change slowly, work, including environmental communicators, has to work long, hard and often, at first glance, to no avail. That is why often the most popular ideas in the field of environmental education are programs for children - here, as most environmental educators note, “the field has not yet been plowed”, and its “sprouts” will have an impact not only on themselves, but also on their parents and thus for the whole society.
Enterprise Security in the Period of Digitalization
Authors: Musostova Deshy , Dzobelova Valentina B. , Markaryan Varvara
Published: July 2023

One of the key trends of our time is intensive digitalization, which consists in the use of digital technologies and tools to improve business processes and increase the efficiency of enterprises. Digitalization increases the flexibility and adaptability of business, helps to reduce costs and increase product quality, reduces the time for processing information, improves communication with stakeholders. At the same time, the introduction of digital technologies requires the adoption of special measures to prevent losses and leaks of significant commercial information. This article discusses the essence and measures to ensure the security of business in the context of digitalization.
Information Construction of Financial Management at Production Enterprises
Authors: Ozdamirova Laura
Published: July 2023

With the rapid development of the Internet in the Russian Federation, the inevitable trend for enterprises is to use the Internet to create an information system for financial management. Due to the different scale and stage of development of manufacturing enterprises, the degree of application of informatization is also very different. In the future, manufacturing enterprises will inevitably need to make great efforts to overcome various problems and difficulties in the practice of building informatization. Based on this, this article first briefly outlines the key points and importance of informatization of financial management in manufacturing enterprises, and then goes through the analysis of various problems in the process of informatization, and finally puts forward possible proposals for optimizing the problems.
Commitment to Carbon Neutrality
Authors: Kantemirova M. , Salamova A. S. , Gishlakaev S.
Published: July 2023

The economic and political processes taking place at the global level, aimed at reducing the negative impact of the anthropogenic factor on the environment, have a significant impact on the foreign and domestic policy of the Russian Federation and can serve both as a basis for strengthening the country’s international political influence and global competitiveness, and as a source of serious conflicts. in the international arena and within the Russian political elite. As a turning point that marked the beginning of a new stage in global climate policy, one can consider the so-called Paris Agreement under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, prepared to replace the Kyoto Protocol during the Climate Conference in Paris, adopted by consensus on December 12, 2015 and signed on April 22 2016. The agreement calls for all countries to commit themselves to reducing their emissions and work together to adapt to the impacts of climate change, and encourages countries to strengthen their commitments over time.
The Future of the Climate Agenda in Banks
Authors: Salamova A. S. , Kantemirova Mira , Gishlakaev S.
Published: July 2023

Climate change is the main global risk in the next 10 years, and international organizations, businesses and governments are paying more and more attention to decarbonization strategies and energy transition. In line with the general trend, the popularity of the climate agenda in Russia has grown rapidly in recent years. Until recently, many Russian companies calculated their carbon footprint, planned the development and implementation of climate strategies, and the state was actively developing the regulatory infrastructure for low-carbon development. Banking organizations have also announced climate goals and implemented decarbonization activities. However, a sharp change in the geopolitical and economic situation calls into question the future of the national climate agenda. At first glance, it may seem that the importance of low-carbon development principles has decreased, and banks, which have just begun their journey within the framework of the sustainable development agenda, have lost momentum. Increasingly, there are opinions that the main driver for the development of climate strategies, the request of international investors, has lost its relevance.
Economic Aspects of the Development Processes of Urbanized Territories
Authors: Gishkaeva L. L. , Polonkoeva F. Ya. , Kitieva M. I.
Published: July 2023

The article is devoted consideration of the processes of ecologization of urbanized territories. The author notes that urbanization has caused many environmental problems, among which the vulnerability of urban systems and the low level of environmental quality can be noted. In the modern Russian Federation, 75% of the total population of the country lives in urban areas. The features of the development of modern urbanized territories, leading to environmental pollution and further degradation, are highlighted. Improving the system of green spaces, based on urban zoning, soil conditions, climatic features, can significantly improve the ecological situation in the urban environment. It is noted that urban ecology leads to an increase in the quality of life of the population living in these territories through the greening of urban landscapes, approaching the natural environment, phytomelioration , and the formation of an attractive image of the city. Some physiological and ecological features of green spaces, which determine their important role in the greening of urban areas, have been studied. Plant species that are most suitable for landscaping urban areas in modern conditions are proposed. It is also noted that the growth of the ecological and economic competitiveness of the territory based on the use of an environmentally sound approach in the creation and operation of urban green spaces can cause an increase in revenues to the municipal budget.
Assessment of Budget and Tax Conditions for Ensuring Sustainable Development of Regions
Authors: Ksenda V. M.
Published: July 2023

The study of aspects of ensuring security, stability and sustainability of development does not lose its importance. The relevance of the study is enhanced by the circumstances of force majeure in the form of the development of a coronavirus infection that has engulfed the whole world, as well as the aggravated geopolitical situation. In view of this, there is a transformation of conditions that change the trajectory of sustainable development. In the aggregate of factors affecting stable development, fiscal is of particular importance, since the revenues generated in the budget are the material basis for covering the costs of implementing national projects, state programs, projects for the development of educational infrastructure, healthcare, transport, etc. It is revealed that, despite fluctuations in revenues from the oil and gas industries, tax revenues demonstrate progressive dynamics and are of priority importance especially for regional budgets. In order to maintain and improve this trend, it is necessary to expand the tax base (revenue potential) by attracting investors to the regions, increasing wages, reducing unemployment, and improving the demographic situation. In addition, it is necessary to change the institutional limitations of the fiscal powers of the sub-federal level.
On Vector Aspects of Phraseological Units in Different System Languages
Authors: Taibekova L. S. , Maigeldiyeva Zh. M. , Yessenova P. S. , Imakhanova A. A. , Zharbulova S. T.
Published: July 2023

At present, in the post-COVID time in the global world, the issue of studying the national and cultural specifics of the worldview of speakers of different languages continues to be relevant. The authors of the article emphasize that phraseological units play a special role in the verbalization of the picture of the world, the meanings of which are closely related to the background knowledge of native speakers, the cultural and historical traditions of the people and the life experience of the individual. In their opinion, there are a large number of studies of phraseological units in which phraseology is considered as a cultural code of the nation, the meaning of phraseological units is specified. Also, it is noted that in existing works the problem of phraseologism and linguistic personality is posed and substantiated, the functioning of phraseological units in a literary text is determined, linguistic and individual author’s phraseological units are distinguished, the pragmatic aspect of the study of phraseological units, their metaphorical nature, cognitive aspect, linguocultural and linguocultural nature of phraseological units are highlighted. and others. In this article, the authors consider phraseological units of different system languages, in particular, vector aspects, semantic content, universal and specific properties, undoubtedly associated with the national and cultural specifics of the worldview of the languages considered by the authors. In the article, the authors present the results of free associative and receptive experiments, on the basis of which they draw conclusions about the need to develop a special system of exercises to study the vector aspects of phraseological units.
Borrowing-Neologisms as a Result of Intercultural Communication
Authors: Israilova Luisa U. , Israilova Larisa U. , Gatsieva T. I.
Published: July 2023

This work is dedicated to the study of borrowings in the English language. The most important process in modern English vocabulary is the appearance of neologisms in connection with the appearance of a new one in the speech collective.

New lexical units play a significant role in the development and improvement of the language. The natural process of lexical composition development, changes in its quality occur through continuous enrichment of the dictionary.The study showed that changes in the vocabulary of modern English. They reflect all aspects of the life of modern society, that the language in different periods was subject to different intensity of the impact of social development. Changes are taking place in the field of science and technology, art and education, the political life of society, in the field of social relations of various strata of society, in the field of relations between individual races, between different age groups of society. The new borrowed vocabulary reflects the peculiarities of social and linguistic contacts, economic and trade relations between peoples who are native speakers of the contacting languages.
Development of Legal Education and Legal Science in the Digital Age
Authors: Umarova A. A. , Umarova M. A.
Published: July 2023

The 21st century is the century of technological breakthrough. The development of technology has gradually developed into the digitalization of all spheres of human life. The emergence of new and improvement of existing ways of human interaction leads to the need for legal regulation of the changes that have occurred. In addition, digitalization today has also become a part of the legal component of our lives, gradually crowding out the human resource. The mechanism of law-making has also become at the center of the scientific research of many scientists-researchers, which is explained by the fact that the legal regulation of social relations originates from the source material, which is a normative legal act, a legal custom or an applicant. This scientific study examines the problems and gaps in legal science in terms of the development of information technologies, and also analyzes the risk of gradual replacement of human resources in the field of jurisprudence by information technologies, including artificial intelligence.
The Meaning and Role of the Positioning Process in Brand Management
Authors: Eskiev M. A.
Published: July 2023

The article deals with positioning as an effective branding tool. The classification of positioning, approaches and types to the formation of the image and image of the brand are considered. The main stages of brand creation, the key and most used types of strategies in brand management are considered. Examples of positioning of world brands - leaders in their industries are given. The importance of developing a competent slogan as an important element in the development of a strong brand is considered separately. Brand positioning is a special marketing strategy, the main task of which is to distinguish the company from competitors and to build special trusting relationships with consumers. When developing a brand strategy, leading brands pay special attention to brand positioning, since a competent development and approach to positioning improves brand perception by consumers, directly affects the recognition of a product or product line, and provides feedback to consumers.
Digitalization Of The Agro-Industrial Complex: Promising Areas Of Innovative Development
Authors: Botsieva Elina , Abdulaev Salakh
Published: July 2023

The development of information technologies has a significant impact on almost all sectors of the agro-industrial complex: production, trade, finance, etc. Currently, the term “e-agriculture” is being actively introduced in the field of agriculture, which is interpreted as “digital (electronic) agriculture” (D( E)SH). The term was introduced by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and is seen as a new area of activity focused on improving the development of agriculture and rural areas through the improvement of information and communication processes. In Russia, such agricultural information technologies as “programs for calculating and optimizing feed rations and feed mixtures for various animals, software products for diagnosing diseases of animals and crops, information systems for automating operational accounting, programs for animal breeding are already successfully used in Russia today, geographic information systems, accounting information systems that take into account industry specifics, integrated enterprise management systems.
Brand-Book in the Brand Management System: its Structure, Meaning and Role
Authors: Eskiev M.A.
Published: July 2023

The article discusses the role and importance of the brand book in the branding system. The structure of the brand book and its key elements are considered separately. The types of brand-books are considered - logobook, standard, guideline and complex brand-book. The ways of developing brand-books are given, depending on the scale and industry affiliation of the company. The brand-books of the world’s leading companies are considered separately. The corporate style and identity are analyzed in the context of the brand book.
Rehabilitation of the Repressed Peoples: Restoration of Historical Justice (on the Example of the Chechen and Ikalmyk Peoples)
Authors: Tsutsulaeva Sapiyat , Sugaipova Roza
Published: July 2023

The deportation, carried out in 1944 by order of Stalin, was an unprecedented in its cruelty and cynicism act of total eviction of undesirable peoples from their places of historical residence to Kazakhstan and Central Asia. The author of this article has been dealing with this problem for many years, trying to find at least some justification for such a monstrous crime. The peoples who enthusiastically embraced the October Revolution, who fought with Denikin’s army for Soviet power with weapons in their hands, were clearly accused of complicity with fascism. In the same article, we are talking about the restoration of the violated honor and dignity of the deported peoples. The proposed article is dedicated to the rehabilitation of the deported peoples, which began after Stalin’s death and ended after the collapse of the USSR. As you know, after the victory of the party grouping led by NS Khrushchev, the process of gradual easing of the regime of stay in exile for the deported peoples began in the country. From March 1953 to February 1956 a number of legislative acts of the State were adopted. An important event on the way to the rehabilitation of Chechens is the Twentieth Congress of the CPSU, whose historical decisions opened the way to the restoration of the statehood of the repressed peoples.
Issues of Morality and Philosophy in the Work of the Modern Chechen Writer S.-Kh. Katsaev
Authors: Khazhbikarova M. I. , Selmurzaeva Kh. R. , Tovsultanova D. S.
Published: July 2023

In this article, we consider the issues of moral and philosophical morality in the work of the modern Chechen writer S.-Kh. A. Katsaeva. An analysis of several works was carried out, where questions of moral and psychological aspects are revealed. The pages of the formation of the young Chechen writer S.-Kh. A. Katsaeva. This article analyzes the works written by S.-Kh. Katsaev about the events of the 80s of the XX century, where the reader can draw certain conclusions for himself about the then existing order of representatives of law enforcement agencies. Here we have built images, heroes, and for a deeper analysis of the facts, we have carried out this work in the work. Also, on the example of another work called “In the Dark”, definitions are given that are most suitable for this article: morality, philosophy, decency and honesty, which, of course, should be interesting to the reading audience. The article provides information about the publication of the most significant works of the author. The article also highlights the pages of the life of S.-Kh. Katsaev. The guided tour of the author’s creative and life path gives the reader a broad overview in order to better convey the truth to the reader. All the works of this author are written in Chechen, and these works have been translated into Russian by Lula Zhamulayeva, Aslanbek Gaytukaev, Mukhtar Ibragimov, Said-Emin Bazurkaev, and the author himself has also translated some of his works.
The Boundaries of the Emergence, Formation of Control, Properties of Auditing in Russia
Authors: Yusupov R. M.
Published: July 2023

Nowadays, the spread of tasks that appear in audit work, in no way only in the Russian Federation, however, as well as in society in full, bear an institutional appearance, and are combined together with the inefficiency of the functioning of the audit institution in full. One of the main functions of the audit institution is considered the formation of the properties of the published economic data of socially important economic entities, and one of the probable dysfunctions is the proof of low—quality economic data on the results of the work of such economic entities. Prevention, as well as elimination in the future of this non-functionality, is likely only the presence of the introduction of an effective adaptation of the provision of the audit property.
Mapping barriers to green supply chains in empirical research on green banking
Authors: Herrador-Alcaide Teresa C. , Hernández-Solís Montserrat , Cortés Rodríguez Susana
Published: July 2023

The role of green banking (GB) in the green supply chain (CSC) is a relevant issue for green growth. The literature has pointed to some barriers identified as obstacles to the development of GSC. Since the publish of the framework of OECD for green growth, which is a reference for most of the countries, empirical research on GB has proliferated. Despite this, the barriers to the development of GSC have not yet been linked to empirical research on GB.Through a literature review of the empirical research on GB, this paper identifies by scientific impact the banking role, and we contribute with a mapping of the relationship among barriers to the development of GSC and conclusions of empirical research regarding GB, also considering the link with main topics of GB research. Additionally, it displays the main vectors related to area, year and methodology for each barrier and topic of empirical research on GB.
Effect of various chemical processing on nutritional value of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) residues determined via in vitro, in situ, and X-ray powder diffraction techniques
Authors: Ghanbari Farzad , Ghoorchi Taghi , Bayat Kouhsar Javad , Samiee Zafarghandi Mohsen
Published: July 2023

Context Utilising crop residues is an effective strategy to compensate for the shortage of common feed resources. Different processing methods can improve the nutritional value of these by-products. Aims This study aimed to investigate the effect of sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 50 g/kg dry matter (DM)), calcium oxide (CaO, 160 g/kg DM), hydrobromic acid (HBr, 60 mL/kg DM), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 57 mL/kg DM) processing on the nutritional value of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) residues (CBR). Methods The chemical composition of the samples was determined using standard methods. In addition, a degradability trial was conducted using the nylon-bag technique. Furthermore, in vitro digestibility of the samples was determined by the batch-culture method. Moreover, the X-ray powder diffraction technique was used to calculate the crystallinity degree of the samples. Key results Chemical processing was effective on the chemical composition of the residues (P < 0.05). Treatments of CaO, H2O2, and NaOH increased the ash content. Chemicals reduced the neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre. Other treatments, excluding CaO, increased total digestible nutrients, net energy for lactation, and net energy for gain. NaOH, H2O2 and HBr treatments increased the effective ruminal degradability of DM at ruminal outflow rates of 0.02, 0.05, and 0.08/h (P < 0.0001). Chemical processing caused a decrease in gas production (GP) and estimated parameters of CBR (P < 0.0001). The decrease in GP, short-chain fatty acids, metabolisable energy, and organic-matter digestibility in the NaOH and CaO treatments was more than in HBr and H2O2 treatments. After 24 h of incubation, all treatments except CaO increased the partitioning factor and decreased the gas yield (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, processing with NaOH and H2O2 increased the microbial biomass (P = 0.0128) and its efficiency (P < 0.0001) at the end of a 24 h incubation period. Moreover, different treatments reduced the crystallinity degree of CBR compared with the control. Notably, the lowest crystallinity percentage was observed in HBr-treated samples. Conclusions This study shows that chemical treatments (except for CaO) improve CBR nutritional value under in vitro and in situ conditions. Implications In vivo tests are required to validate the results.
Interventions to improve vaccine coverage of pregnant women in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Macredie Flynn , Willing Esther , Dawson Pauline , Howe Anna , Young Amber
Published: July 2023

Introduction Maternal vaccination against influenza and pertussis protects mothers and babies from severe disease and is recommended and funded in Aotearoa New Zealand. Despite this, maternal vaccination uptake is low, varies by region and is inequitable, with Māori and Pacific māmā (mothers) less likely to receive vaccination. Aim To determine what interventions currently exist to support and encourage maternal vaccination against influenza and pertussis and what changes and interventions could be implemented to improve coverage, with a focus on Māori and Pacific hapū māmā (pregnant mothers). Methods Interviews with six participants with diverse roles in the vaccination workforce were conducted. Participants were involved in education, certification and supporting vaccinators, high-level strategising, and vaccination. Interviews aimed to determine what interventions currently exist for hapū māmā, what changes need to be made to improve coverage and how Māori and Pacific people have been specifically engaged. Qualitative data analysis was used to determine themes. Results Participants identified that interventions must focus on prioritising and emphasising the importance of maternal vaccination, promoting collaboration and innovation, making interventions accessible, and empowering Māori- and Pacific-driven avenues to vaccination. To create positive foundations, participants identified the importance of building and maintaining trust and affording mothers’ time and autonomy in vaccination. Discussion Healthcare professionals need to proactively engage hapū māmā about vaccination and collaborate in service delivery. Interventions must be suitably accessible and allow for the autonomy of hapū māmā over vaccination decisions. Equity should be considered at the foundation of vaccine interventions to improve the accessibility of vaccines to all communities.
The effects of expectations, motivations, and constraints on small game hunters’ seasonal satisfaction
Authors: Davan Kiley M. , Poudyal Neelam C. , Applegate Roger D. , Feddersen Jamie C.
Published: July 2023

Context Recent declines in small game hunting participation are concerning because of the resulting decline in conservation funding generated from hunting. Combatting hunting participation declines requires understanding what impacts hunters’ satisfaction. Literature on hunter satisfaction has primarily focused on big game hunters, elements of which may not apply to small game hunters. Aims The objective of this study was to assess the impact of various harvest and non-harvest factors on Tennessee small game hunters’ satisfaction. Methods After the 2019–2020 small game hunting season ended, a sample of 15 115 Tennessee hunters and trappers was asked to participate in a mix-mode questionnaire related to their expectations, harvest, motivations, constraints, and satisfaction. Key results In total, 3994 individuals responded to the questionnaire and 1440 reported they participated in the 2019–2020 hunting and trapping season, 634 of which hunted small game. A path analysis showed that small game hunters’ seasonal satisfaction was influenced by expectations, appreciative motivations, structural and interpersonal constraints, satisfaction with the number of game animals seen and harvested, use of public land, and harvest success. Conclusion Various activity-related factors significantly impact small game hunters’ seasonal satisfaction. Implications These findings shed light on the various factors that influence small game hunters’ seasonal satisfaction and could help wildlife agencies develop programming to help retain current small game hunters. To improve small game hunters’ seasonal satisfaction, we suggest agencies focus on addressing structural constraints, fostering realistic expectations, and providing opportunities to fulfil appreciative motivations.
Enhancing Awareness of the Needs of Muslim Visitors among New Zealand Tourism Operators
Authors: Lu Jessie Yu , Carr Neil , Lee Craig , Finkler Wiebke , Walker Lloyd
Published: July 2023

Muslim visitor-friendly tourism has become one of the fastest growing sectors of the industry. New Zealand, a country whose tourism industry is a central pillar of the national economy, has witnessed an increase in visitors from countries where Islam is the dominant religion in recent years, the COVID-19 pandemic notwithstanding. The country also has a small but significant Muslim population. It is against this background that this case study aims to enhance awareness of the faith-based needs of Muslim visitors and the steps that can be taken by tourism operators to meet these. Although the case is situated in New Zealand, it has implications beyond these borders. It explores both Muslim visitors’ and tourism operators’ perspectives, including through video material. The case highlights the importance of satisfying traveller needs in a culturally sensitive way. The end goal of this case study is to recognize the morality of doing the right thing and the business imperatives related to this.

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Making exciton physics easy and affordable
Authors: Xie Yong , Ersu Gulsum , Pucher Thomas , Kuriakose Sruthi , Zhang Wenliang , Al-Enizi Abdullah M , Albrithen Hamad A H , Nafady Ayman , Bratschitsch Rudolf , Island Joshua O , Castellanos-Gomez Andres
Published: July 2023

We present a facile and low-cost undergraduate laboratory experiment to study exciton physics. Using a simple abrasion technique to create samples of thin-film van der Waals material samples and a low-cost spectrometer, we show that prominent excitonic features can be easily resolved in the optical transmission spectra of semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides at ambient conditions. Our method brings interesting semiconductor quasiparticle physics to low-budget departments, hoping to expand their undergraduate laboratory curriculum.
Nanopore-based electrokinetic purification of oil-in-water emulsions with temperature and pH modulation
Authors: Zeng Qin , Xu Dequan , Wu Wenbo , Wang Yaoming , Ren Qinlong
Published: July 2023

Efficient purification of oil-in-water emulsions is significant for protecting global water resources. Nevertheless, the traditional passive technologies for handling oil-in-water emulsions suffer from the drawback of low cost-effectiveness due to the use of robust filtration membranes. In our previous research, an active electrokinetic-based oil droplet filtration technique was developed that relied on the negative dielectrophoretic phenomenon induced by the huge difference between the dielectric properties of oil and water. However, the effects of the temperature and pH of wastewater on the electrokinetic filtration efficiency of oil droplets have never been clarified. In the present work, a multi-physical theoretical model of electrokinetic purification of oil-in-water emulsions with modulation of temperature and pH is constructed. The dimensionless ratio of dielectrophoretic force over hydrodynamic (HD) force on an oil droplet is an essential criterion for its dynamic behavior, and it exhibits a positive correlation with purification effectiveness of oil-in-water emulsions. From numerical modeling, the magnitude of the dielectrophoretic force to HD force ratio on an oil droplet is enhanced by decreasing temperature, increasing ion concentration and a neutral pH (pH = 7.0) of oily wastewater. Then, the critical direct current voltage for realizing successful oil droplet filtration through an insulated nanopore under electrokinetics is analyzed under different parameters, with the results indicating that the amount of energy required for purification of oil-in-water emulsions can be reduced by reducing the temperature and neutralizing the pH of the aqueous solution. This work offers a theoretical understanding of electrokinetic purification of oil-in-water emulsions, contributing to its development for industrial applications.
Visual impression and texture analysis of advanced modeled iterative reconstruction (ADMIRE): improved assessment of image quality in CT for better estimation of dose reduction potential
Authors: Alikhani Babak , Raatschen Hans-Jürgen , Wacker Frank , Werncke Thomas
Published: July 2023

To evaluate the image quality (IQ) of advanced modeled iterative reconstruction (ADMIRE; Siemens Healthcare, Forchheim, Germany) applying image texture and image visual impression as a supplement to physical parameters such as noise level and spatial resolution. An ACR-phantom with four modules was examined at different radiation dose levels. To characterise the image texture, two Haralick texture parameters, contrast and entropy, were assessed at different dose levels and reconstruction algorithms. The visual impression of images and the low-contrast detectability were evaluated by the structural similarity index (SSIM). The spatial resolution was determined by the modulation transfer functions and the line spread function. The Haralick texture parameters, contrast and entropy, decreased with increasing ADMIRE levels. ADMIRE III, IV and V offered a comparable contrast and entropy to those calculated by filtered back projection (FBP) with a radiation dose reduction up to 50%. SSIM (low-contrast detectability) improved with increasing ADMIRE levels. SSIM calculated by ADMIRE IV and V revealed comparable IQ to FBP with a decreased CTDIvol up to 50%. Spatial resolution was retained up to 90% dose reduction. Compared to FBP at the same dose level, the image noise decreased up to 61% with higher ADMIRE levels (σ
FBP = 17.3 HU and σ
ADMIRE V
= 10.6 HU at 6.65 mGy). Taking texture analysis and visual perception into account, a more realistic assessment of the dose reduction potential of ADMIRE can be achieved than quality metrics based alone on physical measurements.
An optimized design of the pointer meter image enhancement and automatic reading system in low illumination environment
Authors: Ge Wenqi , Yu Xiaogang , Hu Xiangyu , Wang Xiaotong
Published: July 2023

As meter data becomes more and more important in the power industry, detection robots are led into substations for automatic collection of the pointer meters. However, the meter images captured in low illumination environments are unclear, resulting in poor recognition of the meter reading. A low-illumination image enhancement method based on virtual exposure is proposed in this paper, improving the dark and bright areas of low-illumination images, respectively. Then the image fusion was performed based on the Laplace pyramid to obtain clear meter images. In addition, the dial area was extracted using the Hough circle transform, and the pointer’s rotation center was fitted using the least squares approach. Finally, the straight line of the pointer was extracted, and the data reading was based on the line segment detector algorithm. Case studies show the above method has good robustness in low illumination environment, with high rate, and accuracy during the image enhancement and automatic reading of the pointer meter.
A blurred star image restoration method based on gyroscope data and enhanced sparse model
Authors: Yi Jinhui , Ma Yuebo , Zhu Zifa , Zhu Zijian , Tang Yuping , Zhao Rujin
Published: July 2023

Star sensors usually have a fixed exposure time to guarantee detection of adequate navigation stars. In a high dynamic environment, star images suffer from degradation due to spacecraft movement, which will severely affects both centroid extraction and attitude accuracy. This paper presents an algorithm for the restoration of motion-blurred star images. The algorithm employs gyroscope assistance and consists of two steps: preprocessing and motion-blurred image restoration. In the preprocessing step, the angular velocity of the gyroscope predicts the motion trajectory, position, and shape of each star point during exposure. This step ensures a good initial estimate of the blur kernel for image restoration. The image restoration step employs an enhanced sparse model inspired by blind deblurring method to solve blur kernel and latent image alternately. Simulations and experiments have verified the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Progresses in implementation of STED microscopy
Authors: Lee Dong-Ryoung
Published: July 2023

Optical fluorescence microscopy provides molecular specificity and high contrast, which are powerful aspects in biomedical researches. Moreover, super-resolution microscopy techniques have broken through the diffraction-limited resolution, which had hindered optical microscopy. Among various techniques, stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy quasi-instantaneously reduces the size of the effective focal spot by suppressing the peripheral fluorescence of the excited spot with an additional depletion laser, while also providing optical sectioning. With these advantages, the usage of STED microscopy is increasing in the various field of research. Nevertheless, STED microscopy has been continuously improved to answer more biological questions. This review summarises the recent advancements and new techniques implemented for STED microscopy, including microscopy architectures, multicolour ability, deep-tissue imaging, aberration correction, three-dimensional super-resolution, fast measurement, photostability, and multimodality. It is expected that STED microscopy will further evolve and become an more widely useful tool for life sciences.
Prediction of centrifugal pump performance parameters based on a multilayer hybrid model
Authors: Chai Min , Zhang Weiwei , Xia Zhaoshun , Zhang Kang , Zheng Shuihua
Published: July 2023

The present paper presents a multilayer hybrid model for sensorless measurement of pump operating status, with the objective of enabling safe and stable operations while reducing energy losses. The model takes easily measurable variables such as rotational frequency and valve opening as input features to predict the performance parameters of the centrifugal pump. By integrating just-in-time learning (JITL) with Gaussian process regression (GPR) and leveraging the unique probability features of GPR, a just-in-time-learning GPR (JGPR) is developed to extract valuable feature information. The JGPR sequentially predicts the flow rate, coefficient for dynamic head, and shaft power. The predicted values are extended to other input features, which can accurately capture the characteristics of the centrifugal pump and effectively replace the process of acquiring process parameters through sensors. Finally, the mechanism model is integrated into the multilayer JGPR model to calculate the performance parameters of centrifugal pump. The validation results indicate a strong agreement between predicted and experimental results, with predicted meeting performance parameters all engineering requirements. Compared to a single model, the multilayer hybrid model significantly improves the reliability of predictions, demonstrating the feasibility of using this approach to predict performance parameters. This research provides valuable insights into the measurement of sensorless pump operating states, enabling safe and efficient operation in complex conditions.
Open-set federated adversarial domain adaptation based cross-domain fault diagnosis
Authors: Xu Shu , Ma Jian , Song Dengwei
Published: July 2023

Data-driven fault diagnosis techniques utilizing deep learning have achieved widespread success. However, their diagnostic capability and application possibility are significantly reduced in real-world scenarios where fault modes are not fully covered and labels are lacking. Owing to potential conflicts of interest and legal risks, industrial equipment fault data usually exist in the form of isolated islands, making it difficult to carry out large-scale centralized model training. This paper proposes open-set federated adversarial domain adaptation (OS-FADA) to achieve collaborative evolution of fault diagnosis capabilities among cross-domain data owners while protecting privacy. The OS-FADA is a general fault diagnosis framework that employs two-phase adversarial learning. First, faced with the data distribution shift caused by variable working conditions, a generative adversarial feature extractor training strategy is designed to achieve domain-invariant fault feature extraction by approximating the feature distributions of clients to a unified generated distribution. Second, considering the label distribution shift of unknown faults occurring in the target client, an adversarial learning method is proposed to establish decision boundaries between known and unknown faults. Ultimately, the co-evolution of fault diagnosis models between clients is achieved by combining two-phase adversarial learning and federated aggregation. Results from an industrial gearbox case demonstrate that our proposed method achieves over 20% diagnostic accuracy improvement and has excellent potential for cross-domain fault diagnosis tasks with unknown faults when the data silos problem cannot be ignored.
Inter-site generalizability of EEG based age prediction algorithms in the preterm infant
Authors: Stevenson Nathan J , Nordvik Tone , Espeland Cathrine Nygaard , Giordano Vito , Moltu Sissel J , Larsson Pål G , Klebermaß-Schrehof Katrin , Stiris Tom , Vanhatalo Sampsa
Published: July 2023

Objective. To overcome the effects of site differences in EEG-based brain age prediction in preterm infants. Approach. We used a ‘bag of features’ with a combination function estimated using support vector regression (SVR) and feature selection (filter then wrapper) to predict post-menstrual age (PMA). The SVR was trained on a dataset containing 138 EEG recordings from 37 preterm infants (site 1). A separate set of 36 EEG recordings from 36 preterm infants was used to validate the age predictor (site 2). The feature distributions were compared between sites and a restricted feature set was constructed using only features that were not significantly different between sites. The mean absolute error between predicted age and PMA was used to define the accuracy of prediction and successful validation was defined as no significant differences in error between site 1 (cross-validation) and site 2. Main results. The age predictor based on all features and trained on site 1 was not validated on site 2 (p < 0.001; MAE site 1 = 1.0 weeks, n = 59 versus MAE site 2 = 2.1 weeks, n = 36). The MAE was improved by training on a restricted features set (MAE site 1 = 1.0 weeks, n = 59 versus MAE site 2 = 1.1 weeks, n = 36), resulting in a validated age predictor when applied to site 2 (p = 0.68). The features selected from the restricted feature set when training on site 1 closely aligned with features selected when trained on a combination of data from site 1 and site 2. Significance. The ability of EEG classifiers, such as brain age prediction, to maintain accuracy on data collected at other sites may be challenged by unexpected, site-dependent differences in EEG signals. Permitting a small amount of data leakage between sites improves generalization, leading towards universal methods of EEG interpretation in preterm infants.
Beam extraction under Cs-free conditions in HUST negative ion source
Authors: Zuo Chen , Yang Jinghan , Li Zengshan , Chen Peng , Song Fei , Li Dong , Chen Dezhi
Published: July 2023

A radio-frequency driven negative hydrogen ion source is under development at Huazhong University of Science and Technology, which aims to investigate the physics of production and extraction of negative ions. The source operational parameters are investigated to investigate the source plasma characteristics and to optimize the extraction properties before cesium injection, which means, in this study, that negative ions were mostly produced by reactions in the plasma volume. The magnetic filter field generated by a plasma grid (PG) current flowing through the PG can cool down the electron temperature below 1 eV, but simultaneously increased the plasma density in the extraction region. The plasma asymmetry in the direction perpendicular to the PG filter field, is discussed and compared with that in other ion sources. As the PG current increased, the asymmetry factors tended to increase first and then decrease. Biasing the PG positively with respect to the source body can reduce the co-extracted electrons effectively, resulting in reducing the electron to H− ion current ratio. An extracted negative beam with a current density of about 19 A m−2 and an energy of 12 keV was achieved under 20 kW RF power and 0.3 Pa filling pressure, with a ratio of electron current to ion current of about 54.
Classical interpretation for the influence of XUV pulse width on the streaking time delay and the oscillation amplitude of the momentum shift
Authors: Khan Shahab Ullah , Xie Meng-Fei , Zhong Ming-Chen , Wang Shun , Yan Pei-Guang , Jiang Wei-Chao
Published: July 2023

We numerically investigate both the streaking time delay and the oscillation amplitude of the momentum shift of the photoelectron and justify them physically by developing a classical model based on the weak field approximation. The streaking time delay is insensitive to the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulse duration, while the oscillation amplitude obviously reduces as the XUV duration increases. This XUV duration dependence is attributed to the ionization probability of electron at initial times other than the peak of the XUV pulse. We propagate the classical electron trajectories originating at different initial times in the coupled Coulomb-laser (IR) potential and average the momentum shift for each trajectory over the width of the XUV pulse. By extracting the streaking time delay and the oscillation amplitude from this averaged momentum shift, the classical model results and the time-dependent Schrödinger equation results are found to be in good agreement. Both the insensitivity of the streaking time delay and the sensitivity of the oscillation amplitude on the XUV pulse width are well explained by our classical model considering initial ionization time average. Analytical estimation for the oscillation amplitude is obtained from the model of initial ionization time average.