bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental stress reduces shark residency to coral reefs
Authors: Williamson Michael J. , Tebbs Emma J. , Curnick David J. , Ferretti Francesco , Carlisle Aaron B. , Chapple Taylor K. , Schallert Robert J. , Tickler David M. , Block Barbara A. , Jacoby David M. P.
Published: September 2024

Coral reef ecosystems are highly threatened and can be extremely sensitive to the effects of climate change. Multiple shark species rely on coral reefs as important habitat and, as such, play a number of significant ecological roles in these ecosystems. How environmental stress impacts routine, site-attached reef shark behavior, remains relatively unexplored. Here, we combine 8 years of acoustic tracking data (2013-2020) from grey reef sharks resident to the remote coral reefs of the Chagos Archipelago in the Central Indian Ocean, with a satellite-based index of coral reef environmental stress exposure. We show that on average across the region, increased stress on the reefs significantly reduces grey reef shark residency, promoting more diffuse space use and increasing time away from shallow forereefs. Importantly, this impact has a lagged effect for up to 16 months. This may have important physiological and conservation consequences for reef sharks, as well as broader implications for reef ecosystem functioning. As climate change is predicted to increase environmental stress on coral reef ecosystems, understanding how site-attached predators respond to stress will be crucial for forecasting the functional significance of altering predator behavior and the potential impacts on conservation for both reef sharks and coral reefs themselves.
Spatial single-cell isotope tracing reveals heterogeneity of de novo fatty acid synthesis in cancer
Authors: Buglakova Elena , Ekelöf Måns , Schwaiger-Haber Michaela , Schlicker Lisa , Molenaar Martijn R. , Shahraz Mohammed , Stuart Lachlan , Eisenbarth Andreas , Hilsenstein Volker , Patti Gary J. , Schulze Almut , Snaebjornsson Marteinn T. , Alexandrov Theodore
Published: September 2024

While heterogeneity is a key feature of cancer, understanding metabolic heterogeneity at the single-cell level remains a challenge. Here we present 13C-SpaceM, a method for spatial single-cell isotope tracing that extends the previously published SpaceM method with detection of 13C6-glucose-derived carbons in esterified fatty acids. We validated 13C-SpaceM on spatially heterogeneous models using liver cancer cells subjected to either normoxia-hypoxia or ATP citrate lyase depletion. This revealed substantial single-cell heterogeneity in labelling of the lipogenic acetyl-CoA pool and in relative fatty acid uptake versus synthesis hidden in bulk analyses. Analysing tumour-bearing brain tissue from mice fed a 13C6-glucose-containing diet, we found higher glucose-dependent synthesis of saturated fatty acids and increased elongation of essential fatty acids in tumours compared with healthy brains. Furthermore, our analysis uncovered spatial heterogeneity in lipogenic acetyl-CoA pool labelling in tumours. Our method enhances spatial probing of metabolic activities in single cells and tissues, providing insights into fatty acid metabolism in homoeostasis and disease.
Gene therapy for epilepsy targeting neuropeptide Y and its Y2 receptor to dentate gyrus granule cells
Authors: Cattaneo Stefano , Bettegazzi Barbara , Crippa Lucia , Asth Laila , Regoni Maria , Soukupova Marie , Zucchini Silvia , Cantore Alessio , Codazzi Franca , Valtorta Flavia , Simonato Michele
Published: September 2024

Gene therapy is emerging as an alternative option for individuals with drug-resistant focal epilepsy. Here, we explore the potential of a novel gene therapy based on Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a well-known endogenous anticonvulsant. We develop a lentiviral vector co-expressing NPY with its inhibitory receptor Y2 in which, for the first time, both transgenes are placed under the control of the minimal CamKIIa(0.4) promoter, biasing expression toward excitatory neurons and allowing autoregulation of neuronal excitability by Y2 receptor-mediated inhibition. Vector-induced NPY and Y2 expression and safety are first assessed in cultures of hippocampal neurons. In vivo experiments demonstrate efficient and nearly selective overexpression of both genes in granule cell mossy fiber terminals following vector administration in the dentate gyrus. Telemetry video-EEG monitoring reveals a reduction in the frequency and duration of seizures in the synapsin triple KO model. This study shows that targeting a small subset of neurons (hippocampal granule cells) with a combined overexpression of NPY and Y2 receptor is sufficient to reduce the occurrence of spontaneous seizures.
Small molecule-based core and shell cross-linked nanoassemblies: from self-assembly and programmed disassembly to biological applications
Authors: Santra Subrata , Molla Mijanur Rahaman
Published: September 2024

Here, the report related to the small molecule based core and shell cross-linked nanonetwork with remarkable encapsulation stabilities and stimuli responsive drug release for chemotherapeutic applications is discussed.
Borane-catalysed C2-selective indole reductive functionalisation
Authors: Nicholson Kieran , McOnie Sarah L. , Langer Thomas , Nichol Gary S. , Thomas Stephen P.
Published: September 2024

Transborylation catalysis enabled the C2-selective allylation of indoles with excellent control of chemo-, regio- and stereoselectivity.
Variation of topological surface states of nodal line semimetal MgB2 resulting from adsorption of hydrogen, hydroxide, and water molecules
Authors: Zhu Pangdong , Bu Kun , Wang Ruzhi , Wang Changhao
Published: September 2024

The topological surface states change (ΔETSS) of MgB2 with the adsorbates of H is apparently stronger than the adsorbates of OH.
Theoretical study of piezoelectric and light absorption properties, and carrier mobilities of Janus TiPX (X = F, Cl, and Br) monolayers
Authors: Yan Tong-Tong , Zhou Guo-Xiang , Jiang Xiao-Long , Qin Xu-Chen , Li Jia
Published: September 2024

Janus TiPX (X = F, Cl, and Br) monolayers exhibit remarkable piezoelectric effects, adjustable bandgaps, excellent light absorption coefficients, and high hole mobility.
Exploration of carvacrol aggregation by laser spectroscopy
Authors: Pinillos Paúl , Torres-Hernández Fernando , Usabiaga Imanol , Pinacho Pablo , Fernández José A.
Published: September 2024

We explored the aggregation of carvacrol with water and with itself using resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionisation and ion-dip infrared spectroscopy. We investigated the interactions stabilising the conformations observed in the spectra.
Theoretical insights into Pt–Rh alloy nanoparticles: stability, elemental distribution, and catalytic mechanisms for NO + CO reactions
Authors: Li Yuzheng , Duan Xianbao , Liu Zhang , Li Caoran , Ye Fangwen , Zhang Zhihong , Chen Liuqing , Du Chun , Wang Qingbo , Shan Bin
Published: September 2024

Pt–Rh alloy nanoparticles featuring surfaces with both Pt and Rh atoms are poised to demonstrate bifunctional catalytic prowess in the NO + CO reaction.
Depletion rates of O2-naphthenic acids from oil sands process-affected water in wetland microcosms
Authors: Cancelli Alexander M. , Gobas Frank A. P. C.
Published: September 2024

Depuration in OSPW occurs by mechanisms of natural attenuation, sorption and microbial degradation, and plant-mediated uptake and biotransformation.
A 150 years record of polycyclic aromatic compounds in the Sihailongwan Maar Lake, Northeast China: impacts of socio-economic developments and pollution control
Authors: Zhang Jianing , Wei Chong , Han Yongming , Bandowe Benjamin A. Musa , Lei Dewen , Wilcke Wolfgang
Published: September 2024

The geochemical composition of sediment cores can serve as a proxy for reconstructing past human and nature-driven environmental and climatic changes.
Combining a tunable pinhole with synchronous fluorescence spectrometry for visualization and quantification of benzo[a]pyrene at the root epidermis microstructure of Kandelia obovata
Authors: Lei Bingman , Zhu Yaxian , Zhang Yong
Published: September 2024

Establishing a method to reveal the distribution and retention of benzo[a]pyrene at the root epidermis microstructure of Kandelia obovata.
Humic acid alleviates the toxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics in combination with their copper nanoparticle co-pollutants in Artemia salina
Authors: Kamalakannan Mahalakshmi , Thomas John , Chandrasekaran Natarajan
Published: September 2024

Polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) have become a ubiquitous environmental threat that can harm living organisms.
The impact of complexation or complex coacervation of lactoferrin and osteopontin on simulated infant gastrointestinal digestion, intestinal inflammation, and in vivo bone development
Authors: Goulding David A. , Bonnet Nicolas , Horcajada Marie-Noëlle , Baruchet Michael , Bermont Flavien , Hauser Jonas , Macrì Simone , Pisa Edoardo , Nembrini Chiara , Vidal Karine , O'Brien Nora M. , O'Mahony James A. , O'Regan Jonathan
Published: September 2024

Lactoferrin (LF) and osteopontin (OPN) are bioactive milk proteins which can form heteroprotein complexes and complex coacervates. Complexation can alter biological function.
Highly efficient synthesis of lysergic acid using engineered budding yeast
Authors: Wu Nan , Yao Mingdong , Xiao Wenhai , Wang Ying , Yuan Ying-Jin
Published: September 2024

Systematic optimization of yeast hosts to achieve an efficient synthesis of lysergic acid in a green and sustainable way.
Thermoelectric properties of YbZn11−xAlx
Authors: Li Shuai , Quddus Ruhul , Das Sree Sourav , Wang Haobo , Floro Jerrold A. , Zebarjadi Mona
Published: September 2024

The first investigation on the properties of intermetallic YbZn11 for active cooling: an unconventional thermoelectric application.
Strong in vitro anticancer activity of copper(ii) and zinc(ii) complexes containing naturally occurring lapachol: cellular effects in ovarian A2780 cells
Authors: Stocchetti Sara , Vančo Ján , Belza Jan , Dvořák Zdeněk , Trávníček Zdeněk
Published: September 2024

Heteroleptic Cu(ii) and Zn(ii) complexes (1–7) of lapachol revealed strong anticancer effects on a panel of six human cancer cells and lowered toxicity in normal MRC-5 cells. Cellular effects in A2780 cells uncovered a possible mechanism of action.
An overview of critical applications of resistive random access memory
Authors: Zahoor Furqan , Nisar Arshid , Bature Usman Isyaku , Abbas Haider , Bashir Faisal , Chattopadhyay Anupam , Kaushik Brajesh Kumar , Alzahrani Ali , Hussin Fawnizu Azmadi
Published: September 2024

The rapid advancement of new technologies has resulted in a surge of data, while conventional computers are nearing their computational limits.
Intramolecular through-space NMR spectroscopic effect of steric compression on 1H NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Zeng Ziyu , Qasem Ashraf M. A. , Blagbrough Ian S. , Woodman Timothy J.
Published: September 2024

This review covers the intramolecular through-space steric compression that may produce a significant deshielding effect and provides uncommon 1H NMR chemical shift confusing NMR analysts.
Synthesis of the bicyclic butenolide core of pallamolide A: a biomimetic approach
Authors: Drummond Grace J. , Grant Phillip S. , Geurts Alisha M. , Furkert Daniel P. , Brimble Margaret A.
Published: September 2024

This paper presents an efficient 10-step synthesis of the core framework of pallamolide A. The bicyclo[2.2.2]octane and spiro γ-butenolide core was constructed in a novel, biomimetic, three-step one-pot transformation.
Fe(iii)-catalyzedp-selective C–H bond chalcogenation of phenols
Authors: Paul Biprajit , Ghosh Sayak , Das Surajit , Chatterjee Indranil
Published: September 2024

A sustainable protocol for thep-selective chalcogenation of phenols have been developed under ligand and additive-free conditions. The scalable strategy enables the direct synthesis and synthetic modification of several drugs and natural products.
Facile synthesis of NiSe2–ZnO nanocomposites for enhanced photocatalysis and wastewater remediation
Authors: Khan Sibghat Ullah , Hussain Rafaqat , Ali Zahid , Maryam Rabia , Hussain Afzal , Alajmi Mohamed Fahad , Rahman Shams ur , Zulfiqar Sonia , Cochran Eric W.
Published: September 2024

In this study, NiSe2 nanocubes, ZnO rods, and their composites were prepared by simple chemical methods to investigate their photocatalytic response and antibacterial activity.
Helical polyamines
Authors: Hagedoorn Daniël , Michel-Souzy Sandra , Gostyński Bartłomiej , Gojzewski Hubert , Paneth Piotr , Cornelissen Jeroen J. L. M. , Wurm Frederik R.
Published: September 2024

The first report on isotactic poly(propylene imine) and its stereoblock copolymers prepared by living anionic polymerization.
Lab sustainability programs LEAF and My Green Lab®: impact, user experience & suitability
Authors: Schell Bianca R. , Bruns Nico
Published: September 2024

Sustainable lab programs such as LEAF or My Green Lab® help make research labs more sustainable. The article provides a decision-making aid by comparing the programs, their impact and by a quantitative analysis of the user experience of the programs.
Fluorine-rich deep eutectic electrolytes enabling robust interphases and nonflammability of high-voltage lithium metal batteries
Authors: Yang Jun , Sun Mingzi , Li Rongrong , Yin Lijiang , Huang Bolong , Pu Xiong
Published: September 2024

A nonflammable fluorine-rich deep eutectic electrolyte (DEE) promotes LiF-rich and Li3N-rich robust interphases on both lithium metal anode and high-voltage cathode sides, endowing 4.5 V Li-metal batteries with exceptional cycling stability.
Optimizing ionic transport in argyrodites: a unified view on the role of sulfur/halide distribution and local environments
Authors: Lavrinenko Anastasia K. , Famprikis Theodosios , Quirk James A. , Landgraf Victor , Groszewicz Pedro B. , Heringa Jouke R. , Smeets Stef , Azizi Victor , Ciarella Simone , Dawson James A. , Wagemaker Marnix , Vasileiadis Alexandros
Published: September 2024

Uniform bromine and sulfur ion distribution across sublattices in Li7−xPS6−xBrx argyrodites is key to high Li-ion conductivity. It enhances Li-ion transport by balancing high- and low-energy jump environments, enabling lower energy percolation.
Synthesis of a crosslinked ether-based polymer for high-performance semi-solid lithium metal batteries via in situ integration
Authors: Yang Dezhi , Yang Yanan , Cui Yeying , Sun Yiyang , Zhang Tao
Published: September 2024

The synergistic effect of the crosslinking molecular design of poly(1,3-dioxolane) and the HOMO–LUMO screening of high voltage resistant fluorinated solvents realizes high-performance lithium metal batteries.
Photocatalytic conversion of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural using mixed halide perovskite MAPbBrxCl3−x quantum dots
Authors: Han Jaemin , Lee Hangil , Kim Hyun Sung
Published: September 2024

This study demonstrated that mixed halide perovskite MAPbBrxCl3−x quantum dots effectively enhance photocatalytic efficiency for the selective oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural through the controlled adjustment of Br and Cl ratios.
Sunlight driven E–Z isomerization of liquid crystals based on hexahydroxytriphenylene nano-templates for enhanced solid-state solar thermal energy storage
Authors: Gupta Monika , Ashy  , Krishna KM Abhinand
Published: September 2024

Visible-light responsive liquid crystals based on hexahydroxytriphenylene nano-templates exhibiting efficient sunlight charging of up to 80% and a high heat release of ≈9 °C on discharging.
Facial synthesis of MCeOx/porous carbon (M = Fe, Ni, and Co) composites with dielectric/magnetic properties for microwave absorption
Authors: Chang Jijin , Wu Zhihong , Niu Dan , Ren Anwen , Xu Yifan , Li Jiayi , Qi Jun , Zhou Huafeng
Published: September 2024

The transition metal ion-doped CeO2 produces abundant oxygen vacancies, leading to excellent MA performance and radar stealth effect.
The abundance of clustered primordial black holes from quasar microlensing
Authors: Heydenreich Sven , Mediavilla Evencio , Jiménez-Vicente Jorge , Vives-Arias Héctor , Muñoz Jose A.
Published: September 2024

While elementary particles are the favored candidate for the elusive dark matter, primordial black holes (PBHs) have also been considered to fill that role. Gravitational microlensing is a very well-suited tool to detect and measure the abundance of compact objects in galaxies. Previous studies based on quasar microlensing exclude a significant presence of substellar to intermediate-mass black holes (BHs; ≲100 M⊙). However, these studies were based on a spatially uniform distribution of BHs while, according to current theories of PBH formation, they are expected to appear in clusters. We study the impact of clustering in microlensing flux magnification, finding that at large scales clusters act like giant pseudo-particles, strongly affecting the emission coming from the broad-line region, which can no longer be used to define the zero microlensing baseline. As an alternative, we set this baseline from the intrinsic magnification ratios of quasar images predicted by macro lens models and compared them with the observed flux ratios in emission lines, infrared, and radio. The (magnitude) differences are the flux-ratio anomalies attributable to microlensing, which we estimate for 35 image pairs corresponding to 12 lens systems. A Bayesian analysis indicates that the observed anomalies are incompatible with the existence of a significant population of clustered PBHs. Furthermore, we find that more compact clusters exhibit a stronger microlensing impact. Consequently, we conclude that clustering makes the existence of a significant population of BHs in the substellar to intermediate mass range even more unlikely.
Diffuse sound field synthesis: Ideal source layers
Authors: Zotter Franz , Riedel Stefan , Gölles Lukas , Frank Matthias
Published: September 2024

Can uncorrelated surrounding sound sources be used to generate extended diffuse sound fields? By definition, targets are a constant sound pressure level, a vanishing active sound intensity, and uncorrelated sound waves arriving isotropically from all directions. Are there ideal source layouts to synthesize a maximum diffuse sound field within? As methods, we employ numeric simulations and undertake a series of considerations based on uncorrelated source layouts at a finite radius. Statistically expected active sound intensity and sound energy density are insightful and highlight the relation of active sound intensity to potential theory. Correspondingly, both Gauß’ divergence and Newton’s spherical shell theorem apply, and they provide valuable insights. In a circular layout, uncorrelated elementary point-source fields decaying by
1/√r
ideally compose an extended sound field of vanishing active sound intensity; in spherical layouts this is the case with a 1/r decay. None of the layouts synthesizes a perfectly constant sound energy density inside. Theory and simulation offer a broad basis for understanding the synthesis of diffuse sound fields with uncorrelated sources in the free sound field.
Big Data-Assisted Maritime Management: The Relationship between Ship PSC Inspections and Vessel Distress Alarms
Authors: Wang Qi , Lin Yongjuan , Li Fang , Liu Yonggong
Published: September 2024

Maritime activities play a crucial role in the social and economic development of human societies. Many countries around the world have become powerful as a result of the flourishing maritime activities. However, maritime activities entail high risks, making ship navigation safety a paramount concern for maritime authorities, practitioners, and scholars worldwide. In recent years, the continuous growth in the number and tonnage of vessels, coupled with the increasing density of waterway traffic, has posed a serious threat to maritime safety, leading to a rise in maritime accidents. This paper conducts a comprehensive analysis by examining distress alarm data from the Guangzhou Coastal Radio Station over a decade from 2010 to 2019, and integrating it with Port State Control (PSC) inspection data from the Guangzhou Port Supervision and Inspection Station. The aim is to explore scientific and effective approaches for analyzing the safety status of ship navigation, preemptively preventing maritime accidents, and thereby providing valuable insights for maritime management agencies and navigation security departments to enhance their maritime management capabilities and navigation safety service levels.
Better Leverage the Role of Electricity in Supporting Common Prosperity
Authors: Sun Ke , Huang Jingjing , Wu Peng
Published: September 2024

The electric power system has made a great contribution in the process of promoting common prosperity in China, but the current electricity regulatory system has weakened the full play of the function of supporting common prosperity in some aspects, including: rural residents have a heavy economic burden of electricity consumption, and some rural poor people still face “power poverty”; Underdeveloped areas subsidize developed areas in reverse, while developed areas often face the livelihood problems of power shortage; The contradiction of the existing electricity price cross-subsidy mechanism is becoming more and more prominent, and high-income groups enjoy more cross-subsidies. In view of the above problems, we put forward the following three suggestions: Exempt rural low-and middle-income residents from electricity charges by quota, and to support urban and rural residents to enjoy power public services more equally; Accelerate the marketization process of power generation resources and power pricing, and promote regional balanced development based on the comparative advantages of power resources; Add a higher-level residential electricity price ladder and promote cross-subsidies within residents to replace cross-subsidies between departments.
The Formation and Development of Macau’s Healthcare System
Authors: Wu Baoling , Gong Hanxiang , Wang Xi , Cheng Vong Chon
Published: September 2024

Macau has played a pivotal role in the eastward spread of Western medicine and its health governance experience, particularly in the construction of its healthcare system, has led and represented the modern transformation of urban health governance in early China to some extent. This study, from an urban history perspective, analyzes the process and experience of constructing Macau’s healthcare system. It summarizes the current developmental status of Macau’s healthcare system, examines its main features and construction effectiveness, and suggests strategies for improvement. These include increasing the allocation of specialized medical resources, enhancing the cultivation of talents in the broader health sector, and promoting collaborative healthcare and disease prevention in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area. Finally, the study highlights the insights gained from Macau’s public-private partnership model and the comprehensive coverage of its primary healthcare services, offering new ideas for health governance in the Greater Bay Area and beyond.
Research on the Development Status and Strategies of Carbon Emission Trading in China
Authors: Wang Xiaorong , Han Xinmei
Published: September 2024

Carbon emission trading has become an important tool for countries around the world to reduce and control carbon emissions. To reduce carbon emissions and promote sustainable development, “peaking carbon emissions and achieving carbon neutrality” has become a national development strategy in China, and the carbon trading market is gradually improving. The paper first analyzes the main policies of carbon emissions trading in China, and then summarizes the basic process and difficulties of carbon emissions trading. Finally, the main suggestions for promoting carbon emissions trading are proposed, including: firstly, improving the carbon emissions trading system. The second is to reasonably and accurately calculate the total carbon emissions, as well as the actual emissions of various regions, industries, and enterprises. Thirdly, establish a sound legal and regulatory system. The fourth is to learn from foreign experiences and develop flexible and dynamic trading mechanisms.
Research on the application of artificial intelligence technology in supply chain management
Authors: Shen Ruilin , Zhou Fuken , Ye Xiaoying , Zhong Lun , Feng Siyuan
Published: September 2024

As competition in the global market continues to intensify and customer needs become increasingly diverse, the importance of supply chain management (SCM) has become increasingly prominent. In recent years, the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology (AI) has provided new solutions for improving the efficiency and accuracy of supply chain management. This article deeply explores the application of AI technology in supply chain management, including key aspects such as demand forecasting, inventory management, risk management and supply chain automation. Analyze the advantages of using artificial intelligence technology through case studies. Finally, the current research is summarized and future research directions are proposed. This research not only provides new ideas for supply chain management for enterprises, but also lays a solid foundation for future research in related fields.
Application of flow-diversion technologies to increase oil recovery at the Uzen field
Authors: Bayamirova Ryskol , Sudakov Andrii , Togasheva Aliya , Sarbopeyeva Manshuk
Published: September 2024

Polymer flooding is a highly effective method of physical and chemical intervention in productive reservoirs. The primary characteristic of polymers is their ability to thicken water, which reduces the viscosity ratio between oil and water in the formation and diminishes water breakthrough conditions caused by viscosity differences or reservoir heterogeneity. Additionally, due to their increased viscosity, polymer solutions can more effectively displace both oil and bound reservoir water from the porous medium. They interact with the porous medium’s framework, including the rock and the cementing substance, leading to the adsorption of polymer molecules onto the surface of the porous medium. This adsorption blocks the channels or hinders water filtration within them. The extent of adsorption is significantly influenced by water mineralization and the rock’s mineral composition, necessitating the creation of a fringe from fresh water to reduce adsorption. Despite this, the positive aspect of adsorption in water-washed formations is evident, as it decreases permeability and aligns the pickup profile, which is particularly beneficial for conditions like those in the Uzen deposit. The article presents an analysis of the effectiveness of Flooding Displacement Technology (FDT) in this context.
Modelling the probability of roof fall using digital tools
Authors: Kowalczyk-Kępa Iwona , Kołomański Dawid , Jarosz Jacek
Published: September 2024

Information on rock mass characteristics, encompassing the overall quality of the rock masses and various geological parameters, is crucial in mining operations. This data guides the selection of mining techniques and the design of roof control methods to minimize the risk of flaking. However, the lithology of roof rocks is often so variable that predicting their behaviour, especially when disturbed by mining activities, is challenging. The study begins with a detailed review of existing literature on roof fall mechanisms and predictive modelling techniques. It was described the dataset used, which includes geological, environmental, and operational parameters collected from various mining sites. This article outlines a methodology for conducting detailed studies of the lithology of coal seam roof rocks in roadways and longwalls as mining progresses. According to the research, forecasting the extent of roof rock fall during the planning stage of mining operations can inform the implementation of appropriate countermeasures to minimize this phenomenon before exploitation begins, thereby significantly reducing ongoing mining costs. Block modelling and stratigraphic (mesh) modelling were employed to predict the volume of rockfall that could contaminate the ore in the analysed mining plot. In the future, this proposed methodology could be used to analyse the progression of roof falls, estimate the mass of falling roof rocks, and calibrate a system for continuous measurement of ore quality in mine workings.
Examples of laser scanning application in JSW SA mines
Authors: Fojcik Zenon , Hojka Marcin , Kaczmarzewski Sylwester , Woźniak Gabriela
Published: September 2024

Laser scanning offers timely assessments of mine sites despite challenges posed by operational environments. This article explores advancements in 3D scanning systems, data capture and processing techniques, and their primary applications in underground mining, using JSW SA mines as an example. While laser scanning has matured for tasks such as change detection, clearance measurements, and structure mapping, opportunities for enhancement exist in areas such as lithology identification, surface parameter measurements, and autonomous navigation. Limited infrastructure for data transfer and processing remains a constraint; however, laser scanners are increasingly pivotal in mine automation due to their affordability, accuracy, and mobility. Until recently, laser scanning was considered more of a curiosity than a mainstream measuring method. In Poland, creating maps for land surveying based on point clouds generated by laser scanners remains uncommon. Nevertheless, technological advances over the past decade have made surveyors, designers, architects, and conservators of historical monuments increasingly inclined and capable of utilizing point clouds generated by stationary scanners, which offer evergreater measurement accuracy. This article outlines how laser scanning, as an innovative measurement technique, has been integrated into the mining industry, particularly for shaft monitoring purposes.
Assessment of the risk of a dangerous event of a human collision with a remote-controlled robot
Authors: Yavorska Olena , Khudolii Serhii , Cheberiachko Yurii , Mamaikin Oleksandr , Khorolskyi Andrii
Published: September 2024

This study assesses the risk of a collision between a human and the “Robot Arm” during remote control, using a 6DoIt Mobile Robot Arm with six degrees of freedom. The bow-tie approach, combined with EN ISO 12100 standards, was employed to evaluate the risk of such a dangerous event, considering physical, organizational, psychosocial, and informational factors. The proposed risk assessment method is based on the bow-tie model, emphasizing the importance of determining the possibility of avoiding hazards as per EN ISO 12100. A three-level protective system – physical, psychological, and informational – is suggested to mitigate the risk, interconnected to enhance safety by reducing the severity of potential consequences. The approach has been refined to better determine the severity of outcomes, focusing on the ability to avoid danger. Additionally, recommendations for enhancing robotics safety management were developed, aiming to improve the effectiveness of measures to reduce collision risks during the operation of the “Robot Arm”.
Winter is not coming: evaluating impacts of changing winter conditions on coregonine reproductive phenology
Authors: Stewart Taylor R. , Karjalainen Juha , Zucchetta Matteo , Goulon Chloé , Anneville Orlane , Vinson Mark R. , Wanzenböck Josef , Stockwell Jason D.
Published: September 2024

Fishes in northern latitude lakes are at risk from climate-induced warming because the seasonality in water temperature is degrading, which can change ecosystem properties and the phenology of life-history events. Temperature-dependent embryo development models were developed for a group of cold, stenothermic fishes (Salmonidae Coregoninae) to assess the potential impacts of climate-induced changes in water temperature on cisco (Coregonus artedi) from two populations in Lake Superior (Apostle Islands [USA] and Thunder Bay [Canada]) and one in Lake Ontario (USA), vendace (C.albula) in Lake Southern Konnevesi (Finland), and European whitefish (C. lavaretus) in lakes Southern Konnevesi, Constance (Germany), Geneva (France), and Annecy (France). Water temperatures for each study group were simulated and changes in reproductive phenology across historic (1900–2006) and three future climatic-warming scenarios (2007–2099) were investigated. Models predicted that increases in water temperatures are likely to cause delayed spawning, shorter embryo incubation durations, and earlier larval hatching. Relative changes increased as warming scenarios increased in severity and were higher for littoral as compared to pelagic populations. Our simulations demonstrated that slower cooling in the autumn and (or) more rapid warming in spring can translate into substantial changes in the reproductive phenology of coregonines among our study groups. We expect that the changes in reproductive phenology predicted by our models, in the absence of thermal or behavioral adaptation, will have negative implications for population sustainability.
Outcomes of lumen apposing metal stent placement in patients with surgically altered anatomy: Multicenter international experience
Authors: Mangiavillano Benedetto , Ramai Daryl , Kahaleh Michel , Tyberg Amy , Shahid Haroon , Sarkar Avik , Samanta Jayanta , Dhar Jahnvi , Bronswijk Michiel , Van der Merwe Schalk , Kouanda Abdul , Ji Hyun , Dai Sun-Chuan , Deprez Pierre , Vargas-Madrigal Jorge , Vanella Giuseppe , Leone Roberto , Arcidiacono Paolo Giorgio , Robles-Medranda Carlos , Alcivar Vasquez Juan , Arevalo-Mora Martha , Fugazza Alessandro , Ko Christopher , Morris John , Lisotti Andrea , Fusaroli Pietro , Dhaliwal Amaninder , Mutignani Massimiliano , Forti Edoardo , Cottone Irene , Larghi Alberto , Rizzatti Gianenrico , Galasso Domenico , Barbera Carmelo , Di Matteo Francesco Maria , Stigliano Serena , Binda Cecilia , Fabbri Carlo , Pham Khanh Do-Cong , Di Mitri Roberto , Amata Michele , Crinó Stefano Francesco , Ofosu Andrew , De Luca Luca , Al-Lehibi Abed , Auriemma Francesco , Paduano Danilo , Calabrese Federica , Gentile Carmine , Hassan Cesare , Repici Alessandro , Facciorusso Antonio
Published: September 2024

Background and study aims Although outcomes of lumen-apposing
metal stents (LAMS) placement in native anatomy have been reported, data on LAMS placement in
surgically altered anatomy (SAA) are sparse. We aimed to assess outcomes of LAMS placement in
patients with SAA for different indications.

Patients and methods This was an international, multicenter,
retrospective, observational study at 25 tertiary care centers through November 2023.
Consecutive patients with SAA who underwent LAMS placement were included. The primary outcome
was technical success defined as correct placement of LAMS. Secondary outcomes were clinical
success and safety.

Results Two hundred and seventy patients (125 males; average age
61 ± 15 years) underwent LAMS placement with SAA. Procedures included EUS-directed
transgastric ERCP (EDGE) and EUS-directed transenteric ERCP (EDEE) (n = 82), EUS-guided
entero-enterostomy (n = 81), EUS-guided biliary drainage (n = 57), EUS-guided drainage of
peri-pancreatic fluid collections (n = 48), and EUS-guided pancreaticogastrostomy (n = 2).
Most cases utilized AXIOS stents (n = 255) compared with SPAXUS stents (n = 15). Overall,
technical success was 98%, clinical success was 97%, and the adverse event (AE) rate was 12%.
Using AGREE classification, five events were rated as Grade II, 21 events as Grade IIIa, and
six events as IIIb. No difference in AEs were noted among stent types (P = 0.52).

Conclusions This study shows that placement of LAMS is associated
with high technical and clinical success rates in patients with SAA. However, the rate of AEs
is noteworthy, and thus, these procedures should be performed by expert endoscopists at
tertiary centers.
Deoxyfluorination: A Detailed Overview of Recent Developments
Authors: Tavčar Gašper , Jelen Jan
Published: September 2024

Fluorine organic compounds have been a predominant force of pharmaceutical chemistry for modern drug design, with an increasing amount of fluorine-containing compounds entering the market. Methodologies for fluorine atom incorporation into organic molecules are still challenging to date and thus represent an important research area. Deoxyfluorination serves as a useful tool for the construction of carbon–fluorine bonds in biologically active molecules by converting a common hydroxyl group into the corresponding fluoride. In this review, we have summarized and categorized deoxyfluorination reaction protocols developed over the last decade (2015–2024) by the structural type of C–O bond deoxyfluorination, including substrates like alcohols, phenols, ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids.

1 Introduction

2 Deoxyfluorination of C(sp3)–O Bonds

2.1 Alcohols

2.2 Alcohol Derivatives

3 Deoxyfluorination of C(sp2)–O Bonds

3.1 Phenols

3.2 Phenol Derivatives

3.3 Aldehydes and Ketones

3.4 Carboxylic Acids

4 Conclusions
Calcium Silicate-Based Sealers: Apatite Deposition on Root Canal Dentin and pH Variation Analysis
Authors: Maharti Ike Dwi , Rosseti Romilda , Asrianti Dini , Herdianto Nendar , Rianti Winda
Published: September 2024

Objective This study analyzes the biomineralization potential of calcium silicate-based sealers Ceraseal (Meta Biomed Co., Cheongju, Korea) and AH Plus Bioceramic (Dentsply Sirona, United States), focusing on evaluating apatite deposition in root canal dentin and pH increases.

Materials and Methods Calcium silicate-based sealers Ceraseal (Meta Biomed Co.) and AH Plus Bioceramic (Dentsply Sirona) were applied to the root canal dentin of premolars that had undergone root canal preparation procedures. This was followed by a 14-day immersion in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Biomineralization analysis was performed by analyzing the formation of the apatite layer after the 14-day immersion. The thickness of the apatite layer deposits was observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Additionally, the sealers were placed in molds and submerged in PBS solution with pH measurements taken on days 0, 7, and 14 using a digital pH meter.

Statistical Analysis The average thickness of apatite deposition in the interfacial layer was analyzed using the Mann–Whitney's test. The pH value differences among the groups were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance test, followed by a post hoc least significant difference.

Results There were differences in the apatite deposition in the interfacial layer between Ceraseal and AH Plus Bioceramic within 14 days of observation. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the pH values of Ceraseal and AH Plus Bioceramic at 7 and 14 days of observation. Ceraseal showed greater alkalizing activity compared with AH Plus Bioceramic.

Conclusion Calcium silicate-based sealer Ceraseal showed better biomineralization potential than AH Plus Bioceramic.
Evaluating the Efficacy of Resveratrol-Containing Mouthwash as an Adjunct Treatment for Periodontitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Mohammed Sura A. , Akram Hadeel Mazin
Published: September 2024

Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of resveratrol mouthwash as an adjunct to nonsurgical periodontal treatment of periodontitis.

Materials and Methods This study was a randomized, double-blind clinical trial study. The study included 57 participants with periodontitis. Clinical parameters (plaque index [PI], bleeding on probing [BOP], probing pocket depth [PPD], and clinical attachment loss [CAL]) were examined at the baseline visit, after 7 days, and after 30 days of using resveratrol mouthwash as an adjunct to nonsurgical periodontal treatment. The salivary levels of (interleukin [IL]-6) and RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand) were measured and compared before and after treatment. The participants answered the visual analog scale-based assessment questionnaire at the last visit.

Statistical Analysis A one-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) test was used to compare the means of multiple groups (test, positive control, negative control) at baseline and after treatment. A paired t-test was also used to compare the means of a single group before and after treatment. In addition, Tukey's multiple comparisons test was used to identify specific pairwise differences between the three groups after finding significant differences with ANOVA. The Chi-square test was also used to compare the distribution of categorical variables like sex between the groups.

Results All interventions significantly reduced PI, BOP, PPD, and CAL, but resveratrol and chlorhexidine had a higher significant effect than placebo except for CAL without a significant difference between them. All mouthwashes significantly reduced the salivary concentration of IL-6. However, resveratrol and chlorhexidine had a significantly higher effect than placebo, while the concentration of RANKL was decreased in all groups without a significant difference between them. The participants' responses to the mouthwash questionnaire showed that resveratrol and chlorhexidine had the same feedback without significant differences.

Conclusion Resveratrol-containing mouthwash could be used as an alternative to chlorhexidine as an adjunct to nonsurgical periodontal treatment of periodontitis.
How I Do It—Transoral Incisionless Fundoplication with Concomitant Hiatal Hernia Repair
Authors: Pflüger Michael Johannes , Brewer-Gutierrez Olaya , Parker Brett Colton
Published: September 2024

Transoral incisionless fundoplication with concomitant hiatal hernia repair (cTIF) is an antireflux procedure that combines hiatal hernia repair with TIF. As such, it restores the antireflux barrier using a two-step, hybrid procedure utilizing both minimally invasive surgery and endoscopy in one operative procedure. In this article, we discuss the procedure as well as its role in the armamentarium of interventions for gastroesophageal reflux disease and outline technical details.
A-scan fluorescence microscopy for rapid cross-sectional imaging
Authors: Kumar Varun , Tian Yao , Becker David L. , Liu Quan
Published: September 2024

This paper presents a microscopy technique that can perform snapshot depth resolved optical imaging in the same manner as A-scan in ultrasound imaging and optical coherence tomography. In this technique, a laser line along the axial dimension is used to illuminate a sample to create a fluorescent line object. By transforming the line object along the axial dimension (Z) to a ring image on the lateral dimensions (X-Y) using a full cone mirror, common optics can be used to relay and acquire the ring image precisely. Then, by converting half of the ring image back to a line image using a half cone mirror, the opening side of the half cone mirror allows the line image, which contains the full depth resolved information of the line object, to be taken in one snapshot. This eliminates the requirement of axial scanning in traditional depth resolved imaging techniques such as confocal microscopy to obtain the same information. The technique is demonstrated by imaging fluorescent microspheres of different diameters. This technique offers a simple alternative to traditional depth resolved imaging techniques such as confocal microscopy and light sheet microscopy. It is particularly useful in imaging samples with multiple layers in which multiple A-scans or a few B-scans are sufficient to represent the entire sample.
SPARC x-ray diagnostics: Technical and functional overview
Authors: Vezinet D. , Perks C. J. , Panontin E. , Normile S. , Tinguely R. A. , Rice J. , Reinke M. , Cario M. , Raimond J. , Hoffmann A. , Dubas E. , Saltos A. , Kennedy R.
Published: September 2024

An overview is given of SPARC’s three main x-ray diagnostics, with a focus on the functions they fulfill with respect to tokamak operation. The first is an in-vessel soft x-ray tomography diagnostic, aimed at providing early campaign information on plasma position, MHD activity, and impurity content. The second is an ex-vessel set of hard x-ray scintillators aimed at detecting the presence of runaway electrons, in particular during plasma startup phases. The third is a set of x-ray Bragg spectrometers, located outside of the tokamak hall, aimed at informing on the ion temperature as an indirect constraint to reduce uncertainties on the fusion power, on providing plasma rotation velocity estimates, and on observing impurity emission. Finally, more technical details are given on the beamlines at the end of which the spectrometers are located. It explains how their design allows us to ensure tritium containment and limit neutron radiation while providing a straight view into the plasma that can also be used for testing new innovative sensors.
Rapid calibration plan for NIF’s Near Backscatter Imager (NBI)
Authors: Meyer H. J. , Bruulsema C. , Tubman E. R. , Swadling G. F. , Moody J. D. , Lemos N. , Ross J. S.
Published: September 2024

A rapid calibration system is under development for the Near Backscatter Imager (NBI) in use at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). NBI is an optical diagnostic that quantifies the stimulated Brillouin and Raman backscatter produced by NIF’s targets. Specifically, NBI measures the light that does not fall directly back into the laser aperture, which is measured by the Full Aperture Backscatter System (FABS). When working in tandem with FABS, NBI allows for the full characterization of backscattered light. This informs Hohlraum laser coupling, optical damage, and laser–plasma interaction models. NBI uses a large Spectralon plate covered by a protective glass layer and is mounted inside the target chamber where it is exposed to high energy backscatter, neutrons, and build-up debris left over from the exploded targets. This gradually alters the reflectivity of the plate, meaning that NBI needs to be calibrated regularly. Described here is NIF’s design for a system capable of rapid in situ calibration of NBI that is to be installed in FY25.
Influences of bluff body geometries upon performances of piezoelectric wind energy harvesters
Authors: Huang Junxin , Luo Weihao , Zhou Maoying , Wang Ban , Xu Zhenlong , Qin Huawei
Published: September 2024

Piezoelectric wind-induced vibration energy harvesters (PWVEHs) offer a promising solution for powering wireless sensor networks by converting wind energy into electrical energy. While conventional PWVEHs rely on vortex-induced vibration (VIV) and galloping to work, little has been done to investigate the coupling mechanisms between VIV and galloping and their influences upon energy harvesting performances of flow-induced vibration (FIV). To address this, we propose 36 bluff bodies (BBs) with various frontbody and afterbody shape combinations and conduct FIV experiments in a wind tunnel. The voltage output of each BB is recorded and analyzed based on whether pure VIV, pure galloping vibration, or concurrent VIV-galloping vibrations are involved. Hysteresis analyses are performed for BBs exhibiting concurrent VIV-galloping vibrations. The energy harvesting performances of all BBs are compared to circular and square cross-section BBs, revealing a BB shape that achieved 23.18% and 16. 57% higher maximum output than circular and square BBs, respectively. Computational analysis is conducted to investigate the flow field behind the given BBs. These findings provide valuable insights for developing efficient energy harvesters utilizing VIV and galloping by optimizing the involved BBs.