bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Hybrid Teaching Mode Based on "Cloud Class Intelligent Vocational Education" --- Take "Introduction to Internet of Things" as an Example
Authors: Zhang Zhiwen
Published: December 2020

The advent of the era of ＂Internet+＂has made intelligent classroom an inevitable trend of current education. Based on the cloud class intelligent vocational education platform, this paper takes the course "Introduction to Internet of things" as an example, and constructs a hybrid teaching mode through the integration of online and offline resources. Through the actual classroom teaching, this paper analyzes the traditional teaching and hybrid teaching, and discusses their possible shortcomings. By reflecting on its shortcomings, new ideas are put forward for the innovation and practical application of hybrid teaching mode in vocational education in the future. This paper mainly introduces the application advantages of the "cloud class intelligent vocational education" hybrid teaching mode in the "Introduction to the Internet of Things", analyzes the problems in the application of the hybrid teaching mode in the course of "Introduction to the Internet of Things", and studies the specific problems and countermeasures.
A Probe into the Method of Clinic Law Teaching
Authors: Ma Haiyan
Published: December 2020

According to the traditional legal teaching method, it is easy for the teaching situation to be separated from theory and practice. On this basis, clinical legal teaching is a breakthrough and innovation to the traditional legal teaching method. It has very distinctive teaching characteristics and greatly improves Students' practical application ability of legal knowledge, perfect combination of knowledge theory and practical application, helps to cultivate students' creative thinking, and constantly taps students' legal learning potential, and comprehensively improves students' comprehensive legal ability.
Responding to the Impact of Online Language and Building A Harmonious Chinese Classroom
Authors: Wang Rui
Published: December 2020

With the continuous development of Internet technology, people’s communication on the Internet has become more and more frequent, which has given birth to a series of Internet languages, one of which does not conform to China’s traditional cultural concepts, which has caused problems for China’s existing Chinese teaching Great shock. Based on the actual situation of Chinese teaching, this paper analyzes the characteristics of network language and its influence on Chinese classroom teaching, and puts forward some countermeasures in order to effectively improve the quality of Chinese classroom teaching in Chinese universities.
Constructing SPOC-based Flipped Literary Translation
Learning Model for Translation Majors
Authors: Li Yan
Published: December 2020

SPOC is viewed as an effective way to improve teaching and learning process, and the flipped classroom motivates students to learn actively by themselves. Literary translation, as a course that needs students to spend more time reading, appreciating and thinking, calls urgently for a try of the flipped classroom. Under the SPOC-based flipped classroom model, students and the teacher both have benefited a lot.
Pistas e indícios: uma investigação sobre o processo de aquisição mobiliar da escola primária (1884-1894)
Authors: Garcia Gecia Aline , Souza Gizele de
Published: December 2020

Na esteira do paradigma indiciário de Carlo Ginzburg (1989), encontramos nas pistas e nos pormenores uma forma de interpretar e investigar a escola primária paranaense do século XIX. Por esta razão, este artigo tem como objetivo entender como ocorreu o processo de aquisição de móveis escolares para a escola primária paranaense. A empiria documental corresponde a artigos de jornais, leis, decretos e regulamentos da legislação escolar, cartas e iconografia, bem como relatórios e ofícios de professores, inspetores e presidentes da província do Paraná que estiveram presentes na troca de correspondência governamental no século XIX. Como resultados, percebemos que existiram diferentes modos de ser da escola primária durante o século XIX, o que culminou em formas distintas de supri-la materialmente.Palavras-chave: Cultura material escolar. Móveis escolares. Instrução primária paranaense.Clues and indications: research on the process of acquiring furniture in the primary school (1884 - 1894)ABSTRACTIn the wake of Carlo Ginzburg's (1989) indicative paradigm, we find in the clues and details a way of interpreting and investigating the 19th-century primary school of Paraná. For this reason, this article aims to understand how the process of buying school furniture for the primary school of Paraná took place. The documentary empiricism corresponds to newspaper articles, laws, decrees and regulations of school legislation, letters and iconography, as well as reports and letters from teachers, inspectors, and presidents of the province of Paraná, who were present in the exchange of government correspondence in the 19th century. As a result, we realize that there were different ways of being of the primary school during the 19th century, which culminated in different ways of supplying it materially.Keywords: School material culture. School furniture. Primary education in Paraná.Pistas e indicaciones: una investigación sobre el proceso de adquisición de mobiliario en la escuela primaria (1884 - 1894)RESUMENSiguiendo el paradigma indicativo de Carlo Ginzburg (1989), encontramos en las pistas y detalles una forma de interpretar e investigar la escuela primaria del siglo XIX en Paraná. Por esta razón, este artículo tiene como objetivo entender cómo se produjo el proceso de adquisición de mobiliario escolar para la escuela primaria de Paraná. El empirismo documental corresponde a artículos periodísticos, leyes, decretos y reglamentos de legislación escolar, cartas e iconografía, así como informes y cartas de maestros, inspectores y presidentes de la provincia de Paraná, que estuvieron presentes en el intercambio de correspondencia gubernamental en el siglo XIX. Como resultado, notamos que hubo diferentes modos de ser de la escuela primaria durante el siglo XIX, lo que culminó en distintas formas de suplirla materialmente.Palabras clave: Cultura material escolar. Mobiliario escolar. Educación primaria de Paraná.
DURANS, Jorge; CARMEM, Lussi. Metodologia e teorias no estudo das migrações. Jundiaí, SP: Paco Editorial, 2015.
Authors: Mota Francisco Lima
Published: December 2020

Jorge Durans e Lussi Carmem, na obra Metodologia e teorias no estudo das migrações, trazem suas contribuições sobre a temática das migrações, haja vista a escassez de publicações que tratem do tema com aprofundamento, incluindo, na obra, um debate teórico sobre o mesmo.
A COMUNIDADE BOA ESPERANÇA, ALTAMIRA-PA: interpretações da ordem global no lugar
Authors: Herrera José Antônio , Teixeira Barbara Eleonora Santos , Santos Luiz Carlos Bastos
Published: December 2020

THE COMMUNITY BOA ESPERANÇA, ALTAMIRA-PA: interpretations of the global order in placeLA COMUNIDAD BOA ESPERANÇA, ALTAMIRA-PA: interpretaciones del orden global en sitioRESUMOO objetivo neste artigo é discutir acerca das transformações socioespaciais ocasionadas na Comunidade de Boa Esperança pelas dinâmicas globais que refletem na organização do lugar. A comunidade é formada por um conjunto de ilhas a montante do reservatório estabelecido no rio Xingu, com a construção da Usina Hidrelétrica Belo Monte. No escopo do texto apresentam-se os processos desencadeados pela dinâmica do espaço global na dimensão do lugar e evidencia as relações do cotidiano e as disputas de forças estabelecidas devido às transformações ocorridas no lugar. Como procedimentos de pesquisa foram realizadas entrevistas e produção de croqui, buscando compreender os processos cognitivos centrados nas relações dos sujeitos com o lugar de morada.Palavras-chave: Amazônia; UHE-Belo Monte; Pescadores-ribeirinhos.ABSTRACTThe objective of this article is to discuss about the socio-spatial transformations caused in the Community of Good Hope by the global dynamics that reflect in the organization of the place. The community is formed by a set of islands upstream of the reservoir established on the Xingu River with the construction of the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant. In the scope of the text, the processes triggered by the dynamics of the global space in the dimension of the place are presented and evidence the relations of daily life and the disputes of forces established due to the transformations that occurred in the place. As research procedures, interviews and sketch production were conducted, seeking to understand the cognitive processes centered on the subjects' relationships with the place of address.Keywords: Amazon; UHE-Belo Monte; Riverside fishermen.RESUMENEl objetivo de este artículo es discutir sobre las transformaciones socioespaciales causadas en la Comunidad Boa Esperança por la dinámica global que se refleja en la organización del lugar. La comunidad está formada por un conjunto de islas aguas arriba del embalse establecido en el río Xingu con la construcción de la Usina Hidroeléctrica Belo Monte. En el ámbito del texto, se presentan los procesos desencadenados por la dinámica del espacio global en la dimensión del lugar y evidencian las relaciones de la vida cotidiana y las disputas de fuerzas establecidas debido a las transformaciones que se produjeron en el lugar. A medida que se llevaron a cabo procedimientos de investigación, entrevistas y producción de bocetos, buscando entender los procesos cognitivos centrados en las relaciones de los sujetos con el lugar de dirección.Palabras clave: Amazon; UHE-Belo Monte; Pescadores de la orilla.
GESTÃO TERRITORIAL DAS ÁGUAS NA AMAZÔNIA: degradação da bacia do Igarapé Altamira – Altamira (PA) e as transformações pós Belo Monte
Authors: Costa Danyelly Feitosa da , Paula Éder Mileno da Silva DE , Lobato Alexandre Augusto Cardoso
Published: December 2020

TERRITORIAL MANAGEMENT OF WATER IN THE AMAZON: degradation of the Igarapé Altamira Basin – Altamira (PA) and the transformations after Belo MonteGESTIÓN TERRITORIAL DE LAS AGUAS EN LA AMAZONIA: degradación de la bacia del Igarapé Altamira – Altamira (PA) y las transformaciones postales Belo MonteRESUMOEste artigo fornece uma análise das mudanças do uso e cobertura do solo na sub-bacia (SBH) do Igarapé Altamira, dentro da Bacia Hidrográfica do Xingu, correlacionando com algumas políticas de ordenamento territorial provenientes do Estado Brasileiro, em especial, a construção da Rodovia Transamazônica (BR-230) e da UHE Belo Monte. A análise do uso e da cobertura do solo foi realizada por meio de dados do projeto TerraClass. Os resultados obtidos apontam que a SBH do Igarapé Altamira está dentro de uma zona consolidada pelo uso agropecuário, sendo a abertura da Rodovia Transamazônica o principal vetor de transformação destas paisagens.Palavras-chave: Gestão Ambiental; Gestão Territorial; Bacias Hidrográficas; UHE Belo Monte. ABSTRACTThis article provides an analysis of changes in land use and land cover in the sub-basin (SBH) of Igarapé Altamira, within the Xingu Hydrographic Basin, correlating with some territorial planning policies from the Brazilian State, in particular, the construction of the Highway Transamazônica (BR-230) and the Belo Monte HPP. The analysis of land use and cover was carried out using data from the TerraClass project. The results obtained indicate that the SBH of Igarapé Altamira is within a zone consolidated by agricultural use, with the opening of the Transamazon Highway being the main vector of transformation of these landscapes.use, which has undergone many changes in recent years. Using data from the TerraClass project to analyze inappropriate land use and resulting in the use of the spring for agriculture and livestock.Keywords: Environmental Management; Territorial Management; Watersheds; UHE Belo MonteRESUMENEste artículo presenta un análisis de los cambios en el uso y cobertura del suelo en la subcuenca (SBH) de Igarapé Altamira, dentro de la Cuenca Hidrográfica del Xingu, correlacionados con algunas políticas de ordenamiento territorial del Estado brasileño, en particular, la construcción de la Carretera. Transamazônica (BR-230) y la UHE de Belo Monte. El análisis de uso y cobertura del suelo se realizó a partir de datos del proyecto TerraClass. Los resultados obtenidos indican que el SBH de Igarapé Altamira se encuentra dentro de una zona consolidada por uso agrícola, siendo la apertura de la Carretera Transamazónica el principal vector de transformación de estos paisajes.Palabras clave: Gestión Ambiental; Gestión Territorial; Cuencas Hidrográficas; UHE Belo Monte.
Impactos da Covid-19 em Olinda (PE): notas etnográficas sobre pessoas com suspeita de contaminação
Authors: BRITO GABRIEL FERREIRA DE
Published: December 2020

RESUMOO objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma reflexão sobre a experiência de moradores e moradoras do bairro de Ouro Preto (PE) que estão lidando com a suspeita de contaminação pela Covid-19 no que tocam os diagnósticos, a prevenção e o tratamento da doença. A partir da etnografia com ênfase online, mas também a partir da observação participante, foram selecionados quatro casos diferentes para esse estudo de caso. O aporte teórico parte do pragmatismo de William James e da antropologia de Bruno Latour em diálogo com a antropologia de epidemias e da biossegurança. Os resultados encontrados indicam que a sintomatologia só é eficiente e consensual quando dentro das instituições científicas e de suas redes, mas que fora delas, os agentes se encontram em um ambiente de incertezas e dúvidas, recorrendo, às vezes por medo ou conveniência, a outras alternativas para o autodiagnóstico.Palavras-chave: Covid-19. Etnografia-online. Experiência. Ouro Preto. Sintomatologia. Impacts of Covid-19 in Olinda (PE): ethnographic notes on people whith suspect of contaminationABSTRACTThe objective of this article is to present a reflection on the experience of residents of the neighborhood of Ouro Preto (PE) who are dealing with the suspicion of contamination by Covid-19 in what concerns diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of the disease. From the ethnography with online emphasis, but also from the participant observation, four different cases were selected for this case study. The theoretical contribution is based on the pragmatism of William James and the anthropology of Bruno Latour in dialogue with the anthropology of epidemics and biosecurity. The results found indicate that symptomatology is only efficient and consensual when within scientific institutions and their networks, although outside them agents find themselves in an environment of uncertainties and doubts, sometimes resorting to other alternatives for self-diagnosis, out of fear or convenience.Keywords: Covid-19. Online-Ethnography. Experience. Ouro-Preto. Sintomaptology.
Historical Counter-Narratives: Japanese Christians’ Advocacy for South Korean Atomic Bomb Victims
Authors: Duró Ágota
Published: December 2020

This article delineates the process that Japanese adherents of Christianity, despite Japan being one of the least Christian nations in the world, were at the forefront of civil society movements in the early 1970s to advocate for the rights of atomic bomb survivors who returned to South Korea after 1945. Many Christians, when considering Japan’s accountability in World War II, were driven by contrition and a strong sense of righteousness, and they considered reconciliation with other Asian nations of the utmost importance. This article explores the support activities of three Christians who were prominent members of grassroots movements that emerged in the 1970s to assist Korean survivors in various parts of Japan. Despite belonging to diverse Protestant denominations, the advocates were motivated to act by similar Christian ethics: to stand up for the oppressed, consolidate peace, love their neighbors, and demand social justice. Their example illustrates the larger historical process of Christian reassessment of their prewar morals in a way that facilitated their emergence as the preeminent promoters of pacifism and antiwar activism in the postwar era.
A pós-verdade como desafio central para a ciência da informação contemporânea
Authors: Araújo Carlos Alberto Ávila
Published: December 2020

Neste artigo são apresentados os resultados de uma pesquisa sobre o fenômeno da pós-verdade e suas implicações para a ciência da informação enquanto um objeto de estudo. São apresentadas diferentes visões sobre o fenômeno: as que o enquadram na perspectiva de um fenômeno cultural ou político, e as que o correlacionam a outros fenômenos ou fatores. A seguir, apresenta-se a maneira como a ciência da informação definiu, historicamente, seus objetos de pesquisa, bem como as teorias e métodos para os estudar. Do confronto entre as duas discussões, propõe-se a necessidade de adaptações no âmbito da ciência da informação, para o desenvolvimento de categorias de análise que possam estudar de maneira adequada o fenômeno da pós-verdade: não como um problema tecnológico ou humano, mas como um processo da ordem da cultura.
Mario Vargas Llosa: posicionamiento desde el “entre medio” como espacio colonializado para la crítica
Authors: Aguila Jesús Miguel Delgado Del
Published: December 2020

Este trabalho investiga a posição que o escritor realmente tem em relação à sua própria realidade. Para demonstrar essa premissa, adoto Mario Vargas Llosa como uma referência indispensável. Ele se manifesta criticamente do “entremeio”, um conceito sociológico desenvolvido pelo teórico pós-colonial Homi Bhabha, que alude à posição globalizadora e preferencial, assumida pelas condições de fatores econômicos, mercantis, coloniais e hegemônicos. Quando essa variante prevalece, é questionável o valor confiável dado à arte, uma vez que não corresponde necessariamente à cultura nem é orientado a consolidar uma nação ou uma biografia nacional, como Antonio Gramsci o entende nos Cadernos do Cárcere. Consequentemente, romances como Batismo de Fogo, Conversa na Catedral ou O Sonho do Celta expressam uma crítica ao sistema, mas sua abordagem será convencionalmente adaptada ao contexto contemporâneo e a uma situação oportuna.
The end of the “Strong Hand”? Critical Discourse-Analysis of the Alignment in the Political Culture of the Russian People
Authors: Zemtsov Artyom
Published: December 2020

This paper is dedicated to studying the subjective meanings and motivations which modern Russians attribute to the normative view on the role of the “strong hand”. It was explored as one of the key characteristics of authoritarianism in the Russian people’s political culture. The author studies its internal structure, to what extent this view is in demand, how exactly this notion is reproduced and rationalized at a discourse level. This view was investigated using critical discourse analysis, while identifying the implicit power balance based on data from semi-structured in-depth interviews with respondents from regional and district centers as well as from rural areas – these were people from the most conservative social groups (according to quantitative study findings based on data from the “Levada-Center”). Upon investigation it turns out that the “strong hand” discourse structure is extremely contradictory and heterogeneous. On one hand, at an abstract value level, it is very popular and continuously being reproduced. The “strong hand” consists of seven essential elements, subjective meanings: “continuity”, “order”, “rigidity”, “no alternative”, “personification”, “anti-establishment”, “folk character”. On the other hand, at a personal level, such an orientation can lose a significant amount of its potency when the context is broadened, supplemented with institutional alternatives etc. However stable alternatives do not seem to be appearing in the field of discourse.
The author concludes that the demand for a strong hand is not an effect of a “special” political culture, but rather a combination of many factors: preserving the authoritarian regime’s institutions, citizens` rational strategies for adapting to them, a failed democratic transition, the painful reforms of the 1990’s, the intentional exploitation of this orientation by the political elite, etc. However, there are reasons to assume that this authoritarian orientation is in a severe state of crisis. It has no effect on the political regime’s legitimization for which the “strong hand” is the most important symbolic resource.
Narrativas da experiência na formação de leitores na adolescência
Authors: Aparecida Rodrigues dos Santos Selma , Cristina Somenzari Almozara Paula
Published: December 2020

Este texto apresenta duas narrativas de experiências pedagógicas de formação de leitores na adolescência com práticas que abordam a construção de diários de leitura, de modo a refletir sobre as subjetividades envolvidas entre os sujeitos e as obras lidas.
E-Cigarette Use and Adult Cigarette Smoking Cessation: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Richard J. , Bhadriraju Sudhamayi , Glantz Stanton A.
Published: December 2020

Objectives. To determine the association between e-cigarette use and smoking cessation.

Methods. We searched PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, and EMBASE and computed the association of e-cigarette use with quitting cigarettes using random effects meta-analyses.

Results. We identified 64 papers (55 observational studies and 9 randomized clinical trials [RCTs]). In observational studies of all adult smokers (odds ratio [OR] = 0.947; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.772, 1.160) and smokers motivated to quit smoking (OR = 0.851; 95% CI = 0.684, 1.057), e-cigarette consumer product use was not associated with quitting. Daily e-cigarette use was associated with more quitting (OR = 1.529; 95% CI = 1.158, 2.019) and less-than-daily use was associated with less quitting (OR = 0.514; 95% CI = 0.402, 0.665). The RCTs that compared quitting among smokers who were provided e-cigarettes to smokers with conventional therapy found e-cigarette use was associated with more quitting (relative risk = 1.555; 95% CI = 1.173, 2.061).

Conclusions. As consumer products, in observational studies, e-cigarettes were not associated with increased smoking cessation in the adult population. In RCTs, provision of free e-cigarettes as a therapeutic intervention was associated with increased smoking cessation.

Public Health Implications. E-cigarettes should not be approved as consumer products but may warrant consideration as a prescription therapy.
Light-triggered hydrogen production from anhydrous alkaline methanol on a multi-layer device
Authors: Wang Yiou , Yao En-Ping , Stolarczyk Jacek , Feldmann Jochen
Published: December 2020

Hydrogen production from methanol has attracted substantial interest because of the clean combustion of hydrogen and the convenience of methanol in storage and transportation. However, it requires high-temperature and high-pressure conditions to reform methanol with water to hydrogen with high turnover frequency (TOF, e.g. 104 moles of hydrogen per mole of Pt per hour). Here we show that hydrogen can be produced from anhydrous alkaline methanol with a remarkable TOF of 1.8×106 moles of hydrogen per mole of Pt per hour on a light-triggered multi-layer system under mild conditions. The performance is attributed to the use of anhydrous methanol as both the proton source and the hole scavenger in alkaline conditions. In contrast to a slurry system, we show that the proposed multi-layer system avoids particle aggregation, and it leads to the effective utilization of methanol, light and Pt active sites. This notable performance steps forward to the practical light-triggered hydrogen generation.
Combination of 131I-trastuzumab and lanatoside C enhanced therapeutic efficacy in HER2 positive tumor model
Authors: Vinod Nagarajan , Kim Jae , Choi Seungbum , Lim Ilhan
Published: December 2020

Lanatoside C has a promising anti-tumor activity and is a potential candidate for radiosensitizers. In this study, we have investigated the therapeutic efficacy of the combination of 131I-trastuzumab and lanatoside C for inhibition of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive tumor progression in NCI-N87 xenograft model. The combination treatment (131I-trastuzumab and lanatoside C) showed highest cytotoxicity when compared to non-treated control or trastuzumab alone or 131I alone or 131I-trastuzumab alone in vitro. Biodistribution studies using 131I-trastuzumab or combination of 131I-trastuzumab and lanatoside C showed tumor uptake in BALB/c nude mice bearing HER2 positive NCI-N87 tumor xenograft model. The higher tumor uptake was observed in 131I-trastuzumab (19.40±0.04% ID/g) than in the combination of 131I-trastuzumab and lanatoside C (14.02±0.02% ID/g) at 24 hours post-injection. Most importantly, an antitumor effect was observed in mice that received the combination of 131I-trastuzumab and lanatoside C (p=0.009) when compared to control. In addition, mice received lanatoside C alone (p=0.085) or 131I-trastuzumab alone (p=0.160) did not significantly inhibit tumor progression compared with control. Taken together, our data suggest that combination of 131I-trastuzumab and lanatoside C might be a potential synergistic treatment for radioimmunotherapy to control the HER2 positive tumor.
Psychological impact of COVID-19 amongst pregnant women in Conakry, Guinea. A cross-sectional study.
Authors: Touré Almamy , Diallo Abdourahamane , Magassouba Aboubacar , Doumbouya Abdoulaye , Conté Ibrahima , Camara Gnoume , Diallo Aïssatou , Diallo Mamadou , Ateib Abdelkader , Cissé Abdourahim , Diallo Asmaou , Beavogui Abdoul
Published: December 2020

Introduction Pregnancy, apart from any external events, is subject to psychological changes. The COVID-19 pandemic in Guinea led to the implementation of restrictive measures followed by the mitigating ones, but few of them have targeted stress and anxiety management in pregnant women. This study aimed to assess the psychological impact and its associated factors in pregnant women. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in three health centres in Conakry capital city. Pregnant women were interviewed during antenatal care visits. We used two tools for stress and anxiety assessment: Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), and followed three steps to seeking for factors associated with stress and anxiety: univariate analysis, regression tree (CART), and logistic regression. Results We surveyed a total of 649 pregnant women. Most of them presented a state of stress (97.7%) and anxiety (52.7%). Gestational age was the main factor associated with stress and anxiety. Pregnant women with a gestational age ≤ 34 weeks had an odd of 0.09 times lower of being stressed compared to those with a gestational age greater than 34 weeks. Pregnant women living in Ratoma and Kaloum with a gestational age was ≤ 9 weeks had an odds of 15.1 times [95% CI: 8.76, 27.4] higher of being worried compared to those from Matoto, Matam and Dixinn with a gestational age greater than 9 weeks. Similarly, pregnant women living in Matoto, Matam and Dixinn with a gestational age ≤ 9 weeks had an odds of 4.48 times [95% CI: 2.59, 8.12] higher of being worried compared to other women from the same localities. Conclusion Most of our participants were at a higher risk of stress and anxiety caused by COVID-19; women in their earlier stage of pregnancy tended to be more vulnerable to these psychological problems. Therefore, it is vital to implement an appropriate management plan which should prioritise those vulnerable pregnant women.
Effect of A 2-HP-β-Cyclodextrin Formulation on the Biological Transport and Delivery of Chemotherapeutic PLGA Nanoparticles
Authors: Zheng Kangyu , Huang Zeju , Huang Jiaying , Liu Xiangmei , BAN JUNFENG , Huang Xin , Luo Haosen , Chen Zhicong , Xie Qingchun , Chen Yanzhong , Lu Zhufen
Published: December 2020

Background: The aim of this work was to develop a novel and feasible modification strategy by utilizing the supramolecular effect of 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodexrin (2-HP-β-CD) for enhancing the biological transport efficiency of paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide)(PLGA) nanoparticles.Methods: PTX-loaded 2-HP-β-CD-modified PLGA nanoparticles (2-HP-β-CD/PLGA NPs) were prepared using the modified emulsion method. Nano-characteristics, drug release behavior, in vitro cytotoxicity, cellular uptake profiles and in vivo bio-behavior of the nanoparticles were then characterized. Results: Compared with the plain PLGA NPs, 2-HP-β-CD/PLGA NPs exhibited smaller particle sizes (151.03±1.36 nm), increased entrapment efficiency (~49.12% increase) and sustained drug release. When added to A549 human lung cancer cells, compared with PLGA NPs, 2-HP-β-CD/PLGA NPs exhibited higher cytotoxicity in MTT assays and improved cellular uptake efficiency. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed that the AUC value of 2-HP-β-CD/PLGA NPs was 2.4-fold higher than commercial Taxol® and 1.7-fold higher than plain PLGA NPs. In biodistribution assays, 2-HP-β-CD/PLGA NPs exhibited excellent stability in the circulation.Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that formulation contains 2-HP-β-CD can prolong PTX release, enhance drug transpot efficiency and serve as a potential tumor targeting system for PTX.
Immunization Status and Challenges During COVID 19 and Associated Factors Among Children Aged 10-23 Months in South Nation Nationality and People Region, Ethiopia 2020
Authors: Tegegne Alemnew Wale , Gidafie Aychew Kassie , Mammo Desalegn Girma , Wassie Semahegn Tilahun , Mengie Zinie Abita
Published: December 2020

BackgroundThe worldwide COVID-19 pandemic is overstressing health systems and Essential health services and vaccination services are disrupted. Immunization is a confirmed gizmo for governing and even eliminating communicable diseases. An immunization operation carried out by the World Health from 1967 to 1977 exterminated the usual existence of smallpox. When the program instigated, the disease endangered for 60% of the world's population and slayed every fourth victim. ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the challenge and status of immunization during Covid 19 and associated factors among children aged 10-23 months south Nation Nationality and People Region Ethiopia. Methods and Materialscommunity-based mixed quantitative and qualitative cross-sectional study was done in southwest Ethiopia. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews. After that, the data were edited, coded, and move in into Epi info version 7.2 for data management then transported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. The analyzed data were presented by tables, graphs, figures, and text form. Resultaccording to this study the prevalence of incomplete immunization was found to be 809(62.2%) with (95% CI: 59.5, 64.8). in multivariable analysis waiting time at a health facility (AOR=0.04, 95%CI 0.0001,0.004), education (AOR=5.08,95%CI2.31,11.14), place of delivery(AOR=2.34,95%CI 4.96,6.089), fearing of COVID19(AOR=3.62,95%CI 1.72,7.64) and do not understand the separation care of COVID 19 and other health services (AOR=2.85,95%CI1.38,5.9) were significantly associated factorsConclusionThe prevalence of incomplete immunization among children aged 10-23 months was very high in this study as compared to the other studies done in a different pocket of Ethiopia. Consecutively, reducing waiting time at a health facility, avoiding unnecessary fear of COVID 19, and promoting immunization in a different area of southwest Ethiopia along with health extension workers are recommended.
WITHDRAWN: Predictors of Discrimination Towards People Living With HIV/ AIDS Among People Aged 15–49 Years in Ethiopia: A Multilevel Analysis
Authors: Arefaynie Mastewal , Damtie Yitayish , Kefale Bereket , Yalew Melaku
Published: December 2020

BackgroundThere is limited national representative evidence on determinants of discrimination towards people living with HIV/AIDS especially, community level factors are not investigated in Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess individual and community level factors associated with discrimination towards people living with HIV/AIDS among 15 to 49 age people in Ethiopia.MethodA secondary data analysis was done on the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey dataset which were collected cross-sectional. A total of 25,927 15 to 49 age people were included in the analysis. Multi-level mixed-effect logistic regression analysis was done by STATA version 14.0 to identify individual and community-level factors. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to show the strength and direction of association and statistical significance was declared at P value less than 0.05.Resultfrom individual variables, female [AOR=1.47, 95% CI= (1.18, 1.83)], rural dwellers [AOR=1.65, 95% CI= ( 1.23, 2.21)], not attend education[AOR=5.88,95% CI= (4.50, 7.67)], attending primary education [AOR=3.03, 95% CI= (2.40, 3.81)] and attending secondary education [AOR=1.48, 95% CI= ( 1.19, 1.82)] have discrimination attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS. From community level factors, live in low proportion of educated communities [AOR=1.33, 95% CI= (1.01, 1.65)], live in low proportion of HIV tested communities [AOR=1.61, 95% CI= (1.33, 1.93)] were significantly associated with people living with HIV/AIDS.Conclusionsex of the respondent, religion, educational status, house hold wealth index, marital status, media exposure, internet use, HIV test status, region, residence, community level of education and community level of HIV test status have significant association with HIV related stigma in Ethiopia. Improving educational coverage, improving community level HIV/AIDS test coverage are important interventions to reduce discrimination towards people living with HIV/AIDS in the country.
Enhancement of Osteogenic Induction by LL37 Modified With Collagen Binding Domain in Vitro and in Vivo
Authors: Lin Xiaoxuan , Chen Sipeng , Quan Jingjing , Zhang Qi , Liao Muzi , Ma Xinyue , Zheng Yuyan , Mai Sui
Published: December 2020

Bone defect diseases, particularly induced by inflammation, render a challenge for designing ideal drug-loading scaffold that could facilitate bone repairing and eliminate inflammatory pathogens. LL37 is considered as promising alternative loading drug due to its broad-spectrum antimicrobial effect and various bio-functions including osteogenic induction. In this study, we synthesized modified LL37 by adding collagen binding domain (CBD), which aim to provide a specific binding onto collagen and slow-releasing pattern. The modified peptide was proved to exhibit similar biological activities to nature LL37 on rat BMSCs including promoting migration activity, anti-inflammatory activity and osteogenic induction in vitro. Ectopic bone formation experiment further confirmed the angiogenesis and osteoinduction activities in vivo. Collectively, LL37-CBD may be a potential loaded drug for preventative and curative applications in Inflammation-induced bone diseases, exerting dual strategies including anti-inflammatory and osteogenic effects.
WITHDRAWN: OATP1B1 Plays an Important Role in the Transport and Treatment Efficacy of Sorafenib in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Wen JinHua , Zhao Menghua
Published: December 2020

BackgroundSorafenib is an anticancer drug used in the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma and advanced renal cell carcinoma. It is a substrate for the human OATP1B1. This study aimed to assess the role of OATP1B1 in transportation and uptake of sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma and how OATP1B1 affects the pharmacodynamics of sorafenib in vitro and in vivo.MethodsSorafenib transport was measured in HepG2, HepG2-OATP1B1*1a, HepG2-OATP1B1*1b, HepG2-OATP1B1*15, LO2, LO2-OATP1B1*1a, LO2-OATP1B1*1b, and LO2-OATP1B1*15 cells, as well as in HepG2 cells transfected with miR-148a mimics. The cell viability and apoptosis rate of cells treated with sorafenib were evaluated. A liver cancer rat model was established to explore the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of sorafenib after overexpression of Oatp2.ResultsChanges in expression and genetic mutations of OATP1B1 significantly affected the uptake of sorafenib in HepG2 and LO2 transgenic cells, and sorafenib uptake by HepG2 was higher than that by LO2. Genetic mutations of OATP1B1 significantly affected the cell viability and apoptosis rate of HepG2 cells after sorafenib treatment. Compared to control HepG2 cells, miR-148a mimic-transfected HepG2 cells had decreased sorafenib uptake. The inhibitory effect of sorafenib on cell growth was weakened. PCN significantly increased the expression of Oatp2 and affected the pharmacokinetics of sorafenib. Vascular endothelial growth factor levels and microvascular density in tumor-adjacent tissues decreased significantly, suggesting that increased Oatp2 expression improves the treatment effect of sorafenib in a rat model of liver cancer.ConclusionsOATP1B1 plays an important role in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Effects of Hypoxia in Intestinal Tumors on Immune Cell Behavior in the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Zhang Luping , Wang Shaokun , Wang Yachen , Zhao Weidan , Zhang Yingli , Zhang Nan , Xu Hong
Published: December 2020

Background: Imbalanced nutritional supply and demand in the tumor microenvironment often leads to hypoxia. The subtle interaction between hypoxia and immune cell behavior plays an important role in tumor occurrence and development. However, the functional relationship between hypoxia and the tumor microenvironment remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of hypoxia on the intestinal tumor microenvironment.Method: We extracted the names of hypoxia-related genes from the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) database and screened them for those associated with the prognosis of colorectal cancer, with the final list including ALDOB, GPC1, ALDOC, and SLC2A3. Using the sum of the expression levels of these four genes, provided by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, and the expression coefficients, we developed a hypoxia risk score model. Using the median risk score value, we divided the patients in the two databases into high- and low-risk groups.GSEA was used to compare the enrichment differences between the two groups.We used the CIBERSORT computational method to analyze immune cell infiltration.Finally,the correlation between these five genes and hypoxia was analyzed. Result: The prognosis of the two groups differed significantly, with a higher survival rate in the low-risk group than in the high-risk group.We found that the different risk groups were enriched by immune-related and inflammatory pathways. We identified activated CD4 memory T cells and M0 macrophages in TCGA and GEO databases and found that CCL2/4/5, CSF1, and CX3CL1 contributed toward the increased infiltration rate of these immune cell types. Finally, we observed a positive correlation between the five candidate genes’ expression and the risk of hypoxia, with significant differences in the level of expression of each of these genes between patient risk groups.Conclusion: Overall, our data suggest that hypoxia is associated with the prognosis and rate of immune system infiltration in patients with colorectal cancer. This finding may improve immunotherapy for colorectal cancer.
Clinical Verification of Body Mass Index and Tumor Immune Response in Patients With Breast Cancer Receiving Preoperative Chemotherapy
Authors: Takada Koji , Kashiwagi Shinichiro , Asano Yuka , Goto Wataru , Kouhashi Rika , Yabumoto Akimichi , Ishihara Sae , Morisaki Tamami , Shibutani Masatsune , Tanaka Hiroaki , Hirakawa Kosei , Ohira Masaichi
Published: December 2020

Background: The body mass index (BMI) is commonly used as a simple indicator of obesity; patients with early-stage breast cancer who are obese (OB) per BMI measurements have been shown to have high postoperative recurrence and low survival rates. On the other hand, it has been shown that lymphocytes present in the vicinity of malignant growths that are involved in the tumors’ immune responses influence the efficacy chemotherapy. Therefore, we hypothesized that OB patients with breast cancer have a lower density of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), which may influence the therapeutic effect of preoperative chemotherapy (POC). In this study, we measured pretreatment BMI and TILs in patients with breast cancer who underwent POC, examined the correlations between these two factors, and retrospectively analyzed their therapeutic outcomes and prognoses.Methods: The participants in this study were 421 patients with breast cancer who underwent surgical treatment after POC between February 2007 and January 2019. The patient’s height and weight were measured before POC to calculate the BMI (weight [kg] divided by the square of the height [m2]). According to the World Health Organization categorization, patients who weighed under 18.5 kg/m2 were classified as underweight (UW), those ≥18.5 kg/m2 and >25 kg/m2 were considered normal weight (NW), those ≥25 kg/m2 and <30 kg/m2 were overweight (OW), and those ≥30 kg/m2 were OB. The TILs were those lymphocytes that infiltrated the tumor stroma according to the definition of the International TILs Working Group 2014.Results: The median BMI was 21.9 kg/m2 (range, 14.3–38.5 kg/m2); most patients (244; 64.5%) were NW. Among all 378 patients with breast cancer, the TIL density was significantly lower in OB than in NW and OW patients (vs. NW: p=0.001; vs. OW: p=0.003). Furthermore, when examining patients with each breast cancer type individually, the OS of those with TNBC who had low BMIs was significantly poorer than that of their high-BMI counterparts (log rank p=0.031).Conclusion: Our data did not support the hypothesis that obesity affects the tumor immune microenvironment; however, we showed that being UW does affect the tumor immune microenvironment.
Hyperthermia combined chemotherapy regulates energy metabolism of cancer cells under hypoxic microenvironment
Authors: Shi Fan , Luo Dan , Xuexiao Zhou , Sun Qiaozhen , Shen Pei , Wang Shengzhi
Published: December 2020

Objective: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represents one of the main types of head and neck malignant tumors with high incidence and mortality as well extremely poor prognosis. Hyperthermia (HT) shows great promises for tumor therapy. However it can promote autophagy in tumor microenvironment, which is found to serve as a surviving mechanism for cancer cells. Inhibiting autophagy has been considered as an adjuvant anti-cancer strategy. The present study investigated the role of HT-induced autophagy, while attempting to combine chemotherapy and autophagy blocking with HT in OSCC cells under hypoxia and starvation microenvironment.Materials and methods: HIF-1α and Beclin-1 expression in tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry in 80 OSCC sample pairs. The IC50 of CoCl2, YC-1 (an inhibitor of HIF-1α) and 3-MA (an inhibitor of autophagy) was detected by CCK-8. CoCl2 and complete culture medium without serum were used to achieve the hypoxic and nutrient deficient microenvironment, respectively. HT was performed by heating in a 42 ℃ water bath. The role of HT and YC-1,3-MA on autophagy in vitro were assessed by qRT-PCR and Western blot, and the secretion of high mobility group box1 (HMGB1) was determined by ELISA. The migration and apoptosis rates of cells were assessed by wound healing assay and flow cytometry.Results: We observed that HIF-1α and Beclin1 were highly expressed in OSCC tissues, which were correlated with more advanced malignancy features. CoCl2 could establish hypoxia microenvironment, induce HIF-1α expression with dose-dependence as well as promote cell migration in Cal-27 and SCC-15 cells. Notably, hyperthermia and hypoxia could activate the HIF-1α/BNIP3/Beclin1 signaling pathway and promote HMGB1 secretion, which triggered cytoprotective autophagy to counteract the hypoxia and starvation cellular stresses, as indicated by downregulation of p62 and light chain 3-II (LC3 II). Furthermore, we found that hyperthermia combined YC-1 and/or 3-MA suppressed autophagy and cell migration whereas facilitated cell apoptosis.Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that combined use of YC-1 and 3-MA might increase death of tumor cells in physiological and hyperthermia conditions, which could be relevant with the inhibition of autophagy in OSCC tumor cells under hypoxia microenvironment in vitro.
What is the optimal timing of thawing for transferring vitrified-warmed cleavage stage of slow-growing embryos? A cohort retrospective study
Authors: Geng Lan , Wu Jia-hui , Luo Jia-qi , Shi Yu , Qian Wei-ping , Kallen Amanda , Xia Xi
Published: December 2020

Background

To evaluate optimal thawing time, the early thawing or the routine thawing time, for transferring vitrified-warmed, and cultured overnight cleavage stage of the slow-growing embryos on Day 3 in frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycle.
Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study from January 2017 to July 2018, a total of 705 slow-growing embryos FET cycles in which the patients were aged < 40. Thawing cleavage stage slow-growing Day 3 embryos on either the 2nd or 3rd day after ovulation in natural cycle or the equivalent timing of the artificial cycles.
Results

For slow growing embryos, the clinical pregnancy rate of early thawing group (152/468 (32.5%)) was significantly higher than that of routine thawing group (55/235 (23.4%)) (OR 1.39(CI 1.06–1.81), p = 0.01), while there was no statistically significant difference in pregnancy loss in early thawing group (39/170 (22.9%)) versus in routine thawing group (16/62 (25.8%)) (OR 0.89 (CI 0.53–1.47), p = 0.65).
Conclusion

For slow-growing embryos, higher pregnancy outcomes were shown in early thawing strategy as compared to the routine thawing, which suggested that the improvement of endometrium-embryo synchronism may correct the time difference brought by the slow-growing embryos.
Evaluation of Anti-Bacterial Drugs Using Silkworms Infected by Cutibacterium Acnes
Authors: Matsumoto Yasuhiko , Tateyama Yuki , Sugita Takashi
Published: December 2020

Objective: Cutibacterium acnes is a causative agent of inflammatory skin diseases and systemic infections. Systemic infections caused by C. acnes are difficult to treat, and the development of a systemic infection model for C. acnes would be useful for elucidating the mechanisms of infection and searching for therapeutic agents. In this study, we established a silkworm infection model as a new experimental system to evaluate the interaction between C. acnes and the host, and the efficacy of antibacterial drugs.Results: Silkworms infected with C. acnes died when reared at 37˚C. The dose of injected bacterial cells required to kill half of the silkworms (LD50) was determined under rearing conditions at 37˚C. Silkworms injected with autoclaved C. acnes cells did not die during the study period. The survival time of silkworms injected with C. acnes was prolonged by the injection of antibacterial drugs such as tetracycline and clindamycin. These findings suggest that the silkworm C. acnes infection model can be used to evaluate host toxicity caused by C. acnes and the in vivo efficacy of antimicrobial drugs.