bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Grapevine fleck virus (GFkV) elimination in a selected clone of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Manto Negro and its effects on photosynthesis
Authors: Bota Josefina , Cretazzo Enrico , Montero Rafael , Rosselló Joan , Cifre Josep
Published: December 2016

Aims: The use of healthy propagating material is required to control grapevine viruses. The aim of this work was to eliminate Grapevine fleck virus (GFkV) from a Manto Negro clone, a local grapevine variety, in order to include this material in certification programs. Additionally, the effects of virus elimination on photosynthesis and related parameters were evaluated.

Methods and results: Two method combinations for virus elimination were evaluated: (1) field thermotherapy and shoot tip culture and (2) chamber thermotherapy and shoot tip culture. GFkV elimination was tested by double antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results suggest that a natural field thermotherapy prior to shoot tip culture is effective, making unnecessary the chamber thermotherapy treatment. Additionally, the effects of virus elimination on gas exchanges, chlorophyll fluorescence, electron transport rate (ETR), protein and pigment content were evaluated. The results indicate that GFkV infection affects physiological processes, especially stomatal conductance (gs), whereas photosynthesis, protein, pigment content, ETR, and fluorescence parameters were not significantly changed. 

Conclusion: This study described a simple and rapid method that requires only one medium for virus elimination (GFkV). Beyond its sanitation potential, the use of larger explants (1-3 mm) ensures the integrity of the clone. The presence of the virus affects physiological processes, especially gs, demonstrating the beneficial effect of eliminating GFkV.

Significance and impact of the study: The described method has the potential to produce GFkV-free rooted plantlets faster than other methods while being potentially safer in maintaining the genetic and phenotypic stability of the regenerated clone. The beneficial effects of GFkV elimination provide evidence for the importance to detect this virus prior to the inclusion of clones in certification programs.
Anthocyanin profile and antioxidant activity from 24 grape varieties cultivated in two Portuguese wine regions
Authors: Costa Elisa , Cosme Fernanda , Jordão António Manuel , Mendes-Faia Arlete
Published: December 2016

Aims: The purpose of this work was to evaluate the general phenolic composition and the anthocyanin profile of 24 grape varieties from two Portuguese wine regions as well as their antioxidant activity in the different grape berry fractions (skins, pulps and seeds).

Methods and results: Individual anthocyanin composition of grape skin extracts was analyzed by HPLC, whereas total antioxidant activity was evaluated by two methods: DPPH and ABTS. In general, a high variability was found among the different autochthonous and non-autochthonous grape varieties in relation to the polyphenolic compounds analyzed, especially the individual anthocyanins. The individual anthocyanins in grape skin extracts were mainly malvidin (1.40-7.09 mg/g of skin), in particular malvidin-3-glucoside (0.62-6.09 mg/g of skin). The highest antioxidant activity was consistently detected in the seed extracts; however, it was not possible to establish a clear difference among the grape varieties analyzed.

Conclusion: High variability in polyphenolic content, individual anthocyanin composition and antioxidant activity was found among the diverse autochthonous and non-autochthonous grape varieties studied. Seeds showed the highest antioxidant activity, followed by skin and pulp, irrespective of the grape variety.

Significance and impact of the study: Most vineyards in Portugal grow Portuguese cultivars of Vitis Vinifera L. and other cultivars grown worldwide. The phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of these grape cultivars have never been characterized under the environmental conditions of the Douro and Dão regions. The variability in phenolic content among the grape varieties studied confirms the hypothesis that genetic factors have an important role in the biosynthesis of these compounds and, consequently, in the antioxidant activity of grapes.
Foliar application of processed calcite particles improves leaf photosynthesis of potted Vitis vinifera L. (var. ‘Cot’) grown under water deficit
Authors: Attia Faouzi , Martinez Laurent , Lamaze Thierry
Published: December 2016

Aim: To determine the effect of foliar sprays of processed mineral particles (micronized calcite, Megagreen®) on leaf water relations and photosynthesis in grapevines (Vitis vinifera L. var. Cot) grown under water deficit.

Methods and results: Potted plants were grown in a glasshouse in summer under natural light (Toulouse, lat. 43°32’14.50’’N; long. 1°29’44.25’’W; altitude 148 m a.s.l.). Well-watered and drought stressed vines were foliar sprayed with various doses of micronized calcite. Leaf water potential, gas exchange (light-saturated CO2 assimilation rate, ACO2; stomatal conductance, gs) and chlorophyll fluorescence (quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry, ФPSII) were measured. Water stress affected predawn and midday leaf water potentials, ACO2, gs and ФPSII of the 40-day-old (younger fully expanded) leaves. Megagreen® application did not lead to appreciable changes in leaf water potentials but was able to mostly restore ACO2 and ФPSII in water stressed plants to levels of well-watered control plants. This effect was associated with a positive, although less pronounced, effect on gs. The beneficial effects of processed calcite particles were also observed on younger and older leaves, at low and high atmospheric vapor pressure deficit, and in the morning as well as in the afternoon. In well-watered plants, processed calcite particles had no effect on photosynthesis except under very high evaporative demand. In water stressed plants, ACO2 was increased by increasing ambient CO2 concentration. At elevated CO2, calcite particles did not increase CO2 assimilation.

Conclusion: Foliar application of processed calcite particles alleviated most of the adverse effects of water stress on grapevine photosynthesis. This was associated with enhanced gs in the whole plant canopy.

Significance and impact of the study: In the context of climate change, grapevine will most likely experience long periods of drought during its seasonal cycle. Foliar application of processed mineral particles is widely used to reduce heat stress in perennial fruit crops. Here, the micronized calcite Megagreen® does improve photosynthesis of water stressed grapevines.
Development of rapid direct PCR assays to identify downy and powdery mildew and grey mould in Vitis vinifera tissues
Authors: Gindro Katia , Lecoultre Nicole , Molino Luca , De Joffrey Jean-Pierre , Schnee Sylvain , Voinesco Francine , Alonso-Villaverde Virginia , Viret Olivier , Dubuis Pierre-Henri
Published: December 2016

Aims: The development of a rapid and reliable direct PCR method to detect fungal propagules in grapevine tissues without prior DNA purification steps, and illustration of its potential use with different examples.

Methods and results: Different grapevine samples crushed in the presence of polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) were used as templates for direct PCR amplification with primers specifie for Erysiphe necator, Plasmopara viticola, Botrytis cinerea and Vitis vinifera. Sequencing of the PCR products confirmed the specificity of the amplifications. The sensitivity tested using conidia/sporangia dilution series was high, ranging from five sporangia for P. viticola to one conidium for E. necator. The potential of this technique is illustrated through the study of four epidemiological questions. Fungal propagules were observed in dormant buds using microscopy, but the responsible species could not be identified. Direct PCR revealed the presence of E. necator and B. cinerea in 29 % and 65 % of the buds, respectively. Downy mildew could be detected in asymptomatic leaves sampled in fields after potentially infectious events. In bunch, microscopic analysis of rachis sections showed the presence of hyphae growing in the green tissue. Direct PCR identified the presence of P. viticola.

Conclusion: A direct PCR method without DNA purification was demonstrated to be a simple and reliable method for the detection and identification of fungal pathogens in grapevine tissues. This method, together with microscopy, is a very interesting tool that can be used to study various epidemiological problems in the grapevine, including important unanswered questions such as the route of infection that leads to brown rot caused by downy mildew.

Significance and impact of the study: Direct PCR was shown to be a simple and versatile technique for the study of epidemiological questions in the grapevine. This technique could be extended to other pathosystems with minor adaptations.
An Overview and Evaluation of Recent Machine Learning Imputation Methods Using Cardiac Imaging Data
Authors: Liu Yuzhe , Gopalakrishnan Vanathi
Published: December 2016

Many clinical research datasets have a large percentage of missing values that directly impacts their usefulness in yielding high accuracy classifiers when used for training in supervised machine learning. While missing value imputation methods have been shown to work well with smaller percentages of missing values, their ability to impute sparse clinical research data can be problem specific. We previously attempted to learn quantitative guidelines for ordering cardiac magnetic resonance imaging during the evaluation for pediatric cardiomyopathy, but missing data significantly reduced our usable sample size. In this work, we sought to determine if increasing the usable sample size through imputation would allow us to learn better guidelines. We first review several machine learning methods for estimating missing data. Then, we apply four popular methods (mean imputation, decision tree, k-nearest neighbors, and self-organizing maps) to a clinical research dataset of pediatric patients undergoing evaluation for cardiomyopathy. Using Bayesian Rule Learning (BRL) to learn ruleset models, we compared the performance of imputation-augmented models versus unaugmented models. We found that all four imputation-augmented models performed similarly to unaugmented models. While imputation did not improve performance, it did provide evidence for the robustness of our learned models.
Explicit Exact Solutions to Some One Dimensional Conformable Time Fractional Equations
Authors: Korkmaz Alper
Published: December 2016

The exact solutions of some conformable time fractional PDEs are presented explicitly. The modified Kudryashov method is applied to construct the solutions to the conformable time fractional Regularized Long Wave-Burgers (RLW-Burgers, potential Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) and clannish random walker's parabolic (CRWP) equations. Initially, the predicted solution in the finite series of a rational form of an exponential function is substituted to the ODE generated from the conformable time fractional PDE by using wave transformation. The coefficients used in the finite series are determined by solving the algebraic system derived from the coefficients of the powers of the predicted solution.
A Control System for the Ball Mill Grinding Process Based on Model Predictive Control and Equivalent-Input-Disturbance Approach
Authors: Fang Mingxing ,   College of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Zheng Dezhi , Qiu Xiaoxiao , Du Youwu
Published: December 2016

Stable control of the ball mill grinding process is very important to reduce energy losses, enhance operation efficiency, and recover valuable minerals. In this work, a controller for the ball mill grinding process is designed using a combination of model predictive control (MPC) with the equivalent-input-disturbance (EID) approach. MPC has been researched and applied widely as one of the multi-variable control algorithms for grinding. It is used to decouple in real time. The controller design does not deal with the disturbances directly. However, strong disturbances such as those caused by ore hardness and feed particle size exist in the ball mill grinding. EID estimates the equivalent disturbance of the grinding circuit in the control input channel and integrates this disturbance directly into the control law in order to suppress disturbances promptly and effectively. This results in good disturbance suppression performance. Simulation results demonstrate that the combination of MPC with EID for controlling the ball mill grinding circuit yields better performance in terms of disturbance rejection, rapid response, and strong robustness as compared to the performance of the MPC and proportional-integral (PI) decoupling control.
Pruned Fast Learning Fuzzy Approach for Data-Driven Traffic Flow Prediction
Authors: Li Chengdong ,   School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Lv Yisheng , Yi Jianqiang , Zhang Guiqing ,   Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2016

Traffic flow prediction plays an important role in intelligent transportation systems. With the rapid growth of traffic flow data, fast and accurate traffic flow prediction methods are now required. In this paper, we propose a novel fast learning data-driven fuzzy approach for the traffic flow prediction problem. In the proposed approach, to achieve fast learning, an extreme learning machine is utilized to optimize the consequent parameters of the fuzzy rules. Further, a fuzzy rule pruning strategy that involves measuring the firing levels of the fuzzy rules is presented to obtain reduced fuzzy inference systems. To evaluate the performance of the proposed approach, it was experimentally applied to traffic flow prediction and its results compared with those of widely used methods. The experimental results verify that the proposed approach can achieve satisfactory performance. The comparisons show that the proposed approach can obtain better (sometimes similar) performances, but with a simpler structure, fewer parameters, and much faster learning speed than the other methods.
Autonomous Flight of Hexacopter Under Propulsion System Failure
Authors: Yang Yi ,   Chiba University, Iwakura Daisuke , Namiki Akio , Nonami Kenzo , Wang Wei ,   Autonomous Control Systems Laboratory Ltd.,   Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology
Published: December 2016

[abstFig src='/00280006/14.jpg' width='250' text='Fault tolerant control structure of hexacopter' ] This paper presents a fault-tolerant approach for the propulsion systems of hexacopters (i.e., rotors and propellers) to overcome failures during outdoor autonomous flight missions. In this study, we used an explicit control allocation method for each stopped motor, and an asymmetrical motor rotation arrangement is applied in order to guarantee the controllability of the yaw. Finally, the developed fault diagnosis and isolation system is tested during a global-positioning-system-based autonomous flight of a hexacopter with a failed motor.
A Study of Power-Assist Technology to Reduce Body Burden During Loading and Unloading Operations by Support of Knee Joint Motion
Authors: Naruoka Yoshihiko ,   Power and Industrial Systems R&D Center, Toshiba Corporation, Hiramitsu Naruaki , Mitsuya Yusuke
Published: December 2016

[abstFig src='/00280006/19.jpg' width='290' text='Power-assist device by supporting knee joint motion' ] Workers in logistics sorting centers stand up by stretching their bent knees in order to pick up parcels. They use this method to prevent lower back pain. To assist these operations, an exoskeleton can support this motion of bending the knee joint. Therefore, to reduce the burden on the body during loading and unloading operations, we developed and performed the primary evaluation of power-assist technology consisting of a wearable exoskeleton that supports the knee joint motion.
Social Determinant of Health of Adults Smoking Behavior: Differences between Urban and Rural Areas in Indonesia
Authors: Rahim Fitri Kurnia , Suksaroj Thunwadee , Jayasvasti Isareethika
Published: December 2016

Indonesia has the highest prevalence of smoking behavior among Southeast Asian countries. This study aimed to determine predictors of smoking behavior between rural and urban areas. Data were taken from The Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS). This study used ross-sectional analytical study and multiple logistic regression analysis. Samples were 8,305 Indonesian adults aged ≥ 15 years. The study showed that smokers in rural area were higher than in urban area, respectively 36.8% and 31.9%. Significant predictors of smoking behavior in rural and urban areas were age, occupation, sex, education level, economic status as well as smoking rule inside home. In urban area, age was also significant predictor and otherwise in rural area. The strongest predictor was smoking rule inside home and sex for smoking behavior, either in rural or in urban area. Tobacco control program should be relatively increased by considering the appropriate target population both in rural and urban area due to a little different of smoking behavior path, hence sex perspective should be involved also in tobacco control program. Regulation on smoke-free home should be encouraged to be implemented among houses of community.AbstrakIndonesia memiliki prevalensi perilaku merokok tertinggi di antara negara-negara di Asia Tenggara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prediktor terhadap perilaku merokok antara wilayah pedesaan dan perkotaan. Data diambil dari Global Adult Tobacco Survey. Penelitian menggunakan studi analitik potong lintang dan analisis regresi logistik ganda. Sampel berjumlah 8.305 orang dewasa Indonesia berusia ≥ 15 tahun. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perokok di wilayah pedesaan lebih tinggi dibandingkan di wilayah perkotaan, masing-masing 36,8% dan 31,9%. Prediktor signifikan terhadap perilaku merokok di wilayah pedesaan dan perkotaan adalah usia, pekerjaan, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, status ekonomi serta aturan merokok di dalam rumah. Di wilayah perkotaan, usia juga merupakan prediktor yang signifikan dan sebaliknya di wilayah pedesaan. Prediktor terkuat adalah aturan merokok di dalam rumah dan jenis kelamin untuk perilaku merokok di wilayah pedesaan atau perkotaan. Program pengendalian tembakau secara relatif harus ditingkatkan dengan mempertimbangkan populasi target yang sesuai, baik di wilayah pedesaan maupun perkotaan karena adanya sedikit perbedaan jalan perilaku merokok, maka sudut pandang jenis kelamin juga harus dilibatkan dalam program pengendalian tembakau. Aturan rumah bebas asap rokok harus didorong untuk diterapkan pada rumah penduduk.
ME, YOU, And US: Constructing Political Persona on Social Networks During the 2015 UK General Election
Authors: Usher Bethany
Published: December 2016

This article offers statistical and discourse analysis of political leaders’ profile pages during the 2015 UK General Election ‘short campaign’ as a means to better understand the construction of political persona on Social Network Sites (SNS). It examines this as a group production and promotional activity that variously used patterns and routines of both traditional and digital media to display leaders as party branded selves.  Performances strived for balance between authority and authenticity, using the political self as a spectacle to direct microelectorates to specific actions.  This study demonstrates how self-storytelling is shaped by the coded conventions or “house rules” of SNS, which are viewed as inescapable institutions for maintaining public visibility.  It examines how linguistic and visual elements, linked to different political ideologies, chimed with Twitter and Facebook users and looks to the impact on political campaigning.
Riding on the "Crescendo" of Political Personas: Engendering a Female Political Icon
Authors: Seru Lovie Edwin , Magogwe Joel Mokuedi
Published: December 2016

This study was based on the observation that the construction and presentation of the self is a prominent feature of the life of every politician. That construction of the self is even more pronounced in male politicians, who clandestinely perceive politics as a male preserve. Because of the prevailing social order’s agitation for the sharing of power between men and women, men resort to concealing their true and embodied beliefs about gender equality and women’s empowerment by feigning support when speaking in public political spaces. Using the idea of persona, a concept that explains the presentation of the self and “masks” that people wear to construct themselves, this study explored the male dominated political system of Botswana to identify the “deceitful” and “inauthentic” acts of male politicians. The study also used persona to explore gendered political space in Botswana to identify the “true selves” hidden behind male politicians’ public selves as they engaged in political activities. The personas in this study have been uncovered through Margaret Nasha’s involvement in politics as an important agent and “driver” of the agenda for gender equality and women’s empowerment. The choice to use Margaret Nasha’s political life story as a conduit to identity and explain political persona “masks” that male politicians wore was informed by the multifaceted roles she played to survive political muddles. Using document analysis and semi-structured interviewing methods, this study has unearthed that Margaret Nasha’s involvement in politics exposed her male political colleagues’ hidden selves and the influence of patriarchy in continued gender inequality in Botswana politics.
“O Brasil dilmou!”: formação e funcionamento semântico-enunciativo de um verbo denominativo derivado de nome próprio de pessoa
Authors: Carmo Anderson Braga do
Published: December 2016

Objetivamos compreender a formação e o funcionamento semântico-enunciativo dos sentidos do item lexical “dilmar”, analisando textualidades de meio eletrônico cujas publicações tenham acontecido no período de eleições para a presidência do Brasil em 2014. Para a realização desta pesquisa, consideraremos os pressupostos teóricos metodológicos das abordagens enunciativas de Benveniste (2006[1974]) e Guimarães (2002). Buscamos contribuir com uma reflexão sobre o processo de formação de verbos denominativos derivados de nome próprio de pessoa, enfatizando o percurso eponímico que fomenta este tipo de derivação, bem como demonstrar que uma análise da significação é sempre uma análise das relações, nas quais o que nos interessa observar é o funcionamento de diferentes variáveis de sentido, o que só pode ser evidenciado no exercício da linguagem e na produção do discurso.
Adaptações fonológicas na pronúncia de nomes de estabelecimentos comerciais brasileiros com elementos do inglês
Authors: Prado Natália Cristine
Published: December 2016

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar as adaptações fonológicas que ocorrem nos nomes comerciais formados por elementos do inglês em contexto de Português Brasileiro, especificamente o processo de epêntese. Para realizar este estudo, primeiramente, coletamos nomes comerciais com elementos do inglês no interior do estado de São Paulo (Brasil) e, em seguida, submetemos uma amostra desses nomes comerciais que mantêm sua grafia inglesa à leitura por falantes do Português Brasileiro, com a intenção de comparar as realizações desses sujeitos com a pronúncia dessas palavras em Inglês Norte-Americano. Com este estudo, notamos que as adaptações na pronúncia dos anglicismos observados ocorreram para adequar as sílabas inglesas ao padrão silábico do português.
Natural languages as complex adaptive systems
Authors: Pickering William Alfred
Published: December 2016

Certain basic properties of complex systems are compared to those of communal languages. It is argued that languages are comprised of interacting units that constitute a functioning whole, with the properties of network structure, decentralized control, emergence, reciprocal causation, far-from-equilibrium state, and positive and negative feedback processes. The possibility that languages also have the property of adaptivity is also discussed. The key problem in defining language adaptivity is found to be the role played by individual linguistic variation in maintaining a language’s stability and capacity for change. It is argued in conclusion that considering natural languages as complex adaptive systems serves as a basis for hypotheses that can be modeled and tested empirically, and that the complex systems approach can bring a unity and coherence to the understanding of diverse linguistic phenomena.
A Análise de Necessidades e sua relação com cursos e avaliação de proficiência em inglês para um grupo de pilotos militares brasileiros
Authors: De Carvalho e Silva Ana Lígia Barbosa
Published: December 2016

A Análise de Necessidades, como primeiro passo no processo de elaboração de cursos, currículos e materiais para ensino de línguas, bem como para a definição do conteúdo de tarefas em avaliação de proficiência em Inglês para Fins Específicos, tem sido amplamente discutida. O objetivo deste estudo é destacar a relevância da Análise de Necessidades de línguas para um grupo de pilotos militares brasileiros. Por meio de revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema, observamos como os teóricos definem a Análise de Necessidades e traçam uma distinção conceitual entre Análise da situação-alvo, que compreende a língua em uso, e Análise da situação de aprendizagem, que leva em conta o modo como a língua é ensinada/aprendida. Tal distinção é fundamental para se definir qual o modelo de Análise de Necessidades mais apropriado para cada caso.
A tradução de termos culturalmente marcados em algumas obras de Jorge Amado para a língua inglesa
Authors: Almeida Laura de , Azevedo delvizio Iavnir
Published: December 2016

Apresentamos uma análise dos termos culturalmente marcados na tradução de três obras de Jorge Amado para a língua inglesa. Baseamo-nos em estudos da tradução cultural assim como nos estudos culturais. Abordamos a questão da intraduzibilidade e da impossibilidade da tradução por Mounin (1975) e Ronái (1989), além da tradução cultural por Aubert (1995, 1998). Apoiamo-nos também nos estudos culturais de Fanon (1979), Hall (2002) e Bhabha (2007). Classificamos os termos coletados com base nos procedimentos técnicos da tradução categorizados por Vinay e Darbelnet (1960 apud CAMPOS, 1987). Constatamos que muitos dos termos selecionados se classificam como empréstimo e adaptação, o que ressalta uma relativa lacuna entre idiomas diferentes, que nem sempre têm o mesmo termo ao traduzirmos uma cultura por outra.
Léxico, leitura e livro didático: uma tríade em análise no ensino do português
Authors: CRUZ Ana Flávia Torquetti Domingues
Published: December 2016

Diante das poucas evoluções percebidas no tratamento dado ao léxico em materiais didáticos nas últimas décadas, o que repercute negativamente nas habilidades de leitura a serem desenvolvidas por alunos-leitores, o presente artigo visa a explorar possibilidades de se aliar os ensinos de léxico e de leitura a partir de exercícios sobre sinonímia encontrados na obra destinada ao 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental da coleção de livros didáticos de português intitulada “Para viver juntos”. Apoiando-se, assim, na Linguística Textual e nas pesquisas realizadas por Travaglia (2002), Antunes (2003), Dell’Isola (2005), Ferraz (2006) e Elias e Koch (2012), este trabalho pretende contribuir para o desenvolvimento das competências linguísticas de alunos brasileiros.
Sincronia gesto-fala na emergência da fluência infantil
Authors: Cavalcante Marianne Carvalho Bezerra , Barros Andressa Toscano Moura de Caldas , Soares da Silva Paula Michely , Ávila nóbrega Paulo Vinícius
Published: December 2016

Apresentaremos e discutiremos neste trabalho o conceito de multimodalidade inserido nas pesquisas em aquisição da linguagem. Entendemos, portanto, a multimodalidade como uma via de observação e análise da língua(gem) através de elementos multimodais que compõem esta (língua)gem, isto é, a fala, o gesto e o olhar (CAVALCANTE, 2009; ÁVILA-NÓBREGA, 2010; BARROS, 2012; CAVALCANTE et al. 2005). Tomamos como base teórica para as análises multimodais a classificação dos gestos proposta por McNeill (1985, 1992); a tipologia prosódica de Barros (2012) e a discussão sobre envelope multimodal de Ávila-Nóbrega e Cavalcante (2012a). Além disso, discutiremos como dispomos nossos dados para análise no software ELAN e apresentaremos dados de uma díade mãe-criança analisados sob esta perspectiva.
Hypomethylating Agents in Oncohematology
Authors: Shirin Anton Dmitrievich , Baranova O.Yu.
Published: December 2016

The review describes epigenetic processes, including meth-ylation of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, as well as RNA. It dwells on mechanisms of demethylation and corresponding medicinal products. It presents detailed information on results of numerous large randomized studies intended to evaluate hypomethylating agents (azanucleosides). Special attention is paid to outcomes of azanucleoside therapy in patients with acute myeloid leukemias. The article describes several prognostic systems and treatment algorithms for myelodysplastic syndromes. Two azanucleosides have been approved in Russia to date: azacitidine (for SQ administration) and decitabine (for IV administration). International authors analyze the experience in oral and subcutaneous administration of decitabine. However, the problem of off-label use of hypomethylating agents is still open. The review gives a brief description of ongoing clinical trials with azanucleosides.
Extension of two large wastewater treatment plants in Stockholm using membrane technology
Authors: Andersson S. , Ek P. , Berg M. , Grundestam J. , Lindblom E.
Published: December 2016

Like many other large cities, Stockholm is facing increased urbanization with densification of infrastructure as a result. At the same time, implementation of the Baltic Sea Action Plan and the EU Water Framework Directive is expected to result in more stringent effluent quality demands. The current situation gives rise to new challenges for the municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). This paper describes how two of Sweden's largest municipal water organizations; Stockholm Vatten and Syvab, will face these challenges using ultrafiltration (UF) membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology. The effluent requirements for the rehabilitated plants are expected to be tightened to 6 mg/l and 0.2 mg/l for total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP), respectively.
The role of innovative technologies in achieving energy-neutral wastewater treatment
Authors: Peeters J. , Vicevic G. , Koops G. H. , Côté P.
Published: December 2016

A new flowsheet is proposed to achieve energy-neutral wastewater treatment (even better, electricity-neutral) while removing nitrogen using the proven nitrification-denitrification metabolic pathway. It is compatible with solid-liquid separation by conventional clarification or membrane filtration.

The new flowsheet is based on a hybrid membrane-aerated biofilm reactor process which uses hollow fiber membranes arranged in modules and cassettes deployed in a way similar to immersed hollow fiber filtration membranes used for MBR (e.g., the ZeeWeed1 500 product). Atmospheric air is fed down the lumen of hollow fibers and oxygen is transferred to the biofilm growing on the outer surface of the membrane without the formation of bubbles.

The new energy-neutral flowsheet is compared to a conventional activated sludge (CAS) flowsheet including complete wastewater and sludge treatment with anaerobic digestion and combined heat and power energy recovery. The new flowsheet has an electricity consumption 40% lower and energy production 18% higher as compared to the CAS flowsheet and is overall electricity-neutral.
Flow characteristics of individual lot stormwater detention
Authors: Ngu Johnny Ong King , Mah Darrien Yau Seng , Bong Charles Hin Joo
Published: December 2016

In this paper the flow characteristics of stormwater are analyzed as it travels from a roof gutter down-pipe and the turbulent flow generated on entering an individual lot on-site stormwater detention (OSD) unit beneath a residential carport. Comparison was made between a full-scale model and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations to determine the flow characteristics. These modular tanks with multi-unit chambers can capture the roof run-off from a 15-minute, 10-year return period storm. The results from the physical and CFD models matched well, suggesting that turbulent flow occurs when stormwater is directed to an individual lot stormwater detention tank. However, turbulence in the OSD was concentrated around the inlet, after which the pattern changed from turbulent to laminar flow. This work implies that the use of modular underground storage tanks is practical for managing stormwater from a roof.
An analytical method of regional water resources carrying capacity in karst area – a case study in Guizhou province, China
Authors: Bo Li , Qiang Wu , Li-xia Chen
Published: December 2016

The uneven temporal and spatial distributions and the unreasonable development and utilization of water resources have caused increasingly severe water resources shortage around the world. Studying on regional water carrying capacity is beneficial for the optimal management of water resources, and can provide assistance for the sustainable utilization of water resources. The typical karst area in China – Guizhou province was applied as the research area in the paper. Meanwhile, twelve indexes were selected from three perspectives including water supply, water demand and social economy to establish the evaluation index system of regional water carrying capacity. Afterwards, the analysis hierarchy process was utilized to construct the evaluation model of regional water resources carrying capacity, so as to evaluate, compare and analyze the regional water carrying capacity in each city of Guizhou province, China. This model verified the feasibility of the evaluation method. Relevant studies can provide certain theory evidence and method support for the investigation on regional water carrying capacity.
NATURALNE I SPOŁECZNE PRAWA CZŁOWIEKA W NAUCZANIU PAPIEŻA LEONA XIII
Authors: Sadowski Mirosław
Published: December 2016

THE NATURAL AND SOCIAL HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE POPE LEON XIII’S TEACHINGSummary The aim of this paper is to show that the category of human rights, one of the fundamentals of the modern political debate, was present in the pope’s social teaching since its beginning, namely since the pontificate of Leon XIII (1878 – 1903). A comparison between the pope’s views and the liberal doctrine of human rights indicates that both in the pope’s teaching and in the liberal conceptions, not only the subject of those rights but also their object are repeatedly identical. Their origin though is undoubtedly different. For the liberals the source of human rights are the social convention and the positive law. For Leon XIII the fundamental of human rights is the conviction that human being as imago Dei possesses an inalienable dignity which constitutes the foundation and the source of his rights. The second source of human rights in the pope’s teaching is the natural law. Leon XIII considered the right to possess private property to be the most important of human rights. The conception of natural and social human rights developed by him was a turning point in the social teaching of the Catholic Church, and moreover it was Leon XIII who presented it for the first time.
POLSKA POLITYKA HISTORYCZNA W OCENIE ZYGMUNTA WOJCIECHOWSKIEGO W OKRESIE MIĘDZYWOJENNYM
Authors: Marszał Maciej
Published: December 2016

Zygmunt Wojciechowski’s Assessment of the History-Based Policy in the Interwar PeriodSummary This paper will provide an analysis of the History-Based Politics in thoughts of Zygmunt Wojciechowski (1900–1955) – history profesor at the University of Poznań, co-founder of the Baltic Institute (Instytut Bałtycki) in Toruń, publicist of the “Avant-garde” and expert on PolishGerman relations. Wojciechowski in Polish political thought was a representative of the Integral Polish nationalism (polski nacjonalizm integralny), which meant synthesis of national and state’s demands. He opted for the ideological formula in order to reach an agreement between the political heritage of Roman Dmowski and the Józef Piłsudski’s political reforms. For Wojciechowski, a professor of history, an important element of national consciousness was the historical awareness that the Polish state must continuously maintain through History-Based Policy. According to him, this policy should focus on three main issues: First, the expansion on the tradition referring to the beginning of Polish statehood. Second issue would be to make Poles aware of their international situation, especially in the context of their struggle with the Germanic and Prussian element. And the third issue would be to revise and update the values of the Constitution of May 3. It should be noted that the views of Zygmunt Wojciechowski on History-Based Policy in the interwar period were a part of a political discourse. His bold and uncompromising thoughts of the Polish-German relations and the demand to return the “Lands of Piasts” (ziemie Piastów) constituted an important element of the Integral Polish nationalism. It wouldn’t be too far-fetched to say that the desire to carry-on the political will of Jan Ludwik Popławski and bring the Poles back to their “ancestral lands” (ziemie macierzyste) was present in Polish historical consciousness of the interwar period.
INTERCYZA W ŚWIETLE BADAŃ ANKIETOWYCH STUDENTÓW POLSKICH I AMERYKAŃSKICH
Authors: Kosek Mirosław , Ciaś Aleksandra
Published: December 2016

ANTENUPTIAL AGREEMENT IN THE LIGHT OF THE RESULTS OF SURVEYS CONDUCTED ON POLISH AND AMERICAN STUDENTS Summary Matrimonial regime issues are one of the areas of family law which are seldom researched. The aim of this article is to present the matrimonial agreement, known also as the antenuptial agreement, from a research perspective, thus trying to provide a minimum account to fill in the gaps in the Polish literature of the subject.The article is composed of two parts: first a theoretical discussion of the antenuptial agreement from the perspective of Polish and American legal norms. The second part presents the results of a survey conducted among students. The objective of the survey was to assess respondents’ knowledge concerning matrimonial agreements and their personal attitude to them. The results of the survey helped the author to draw many valuable conclusions and to indicate the areas of research that still need to be covered.
ZASADA INDYWIDUALIZACJI KARY NA GRUNCIE KODEKSU KARNEGO Z 1997 R.
Authors: Szczepaniec Maria
Published: December 2016

THE PRINCIPLE OF INDIVIDUALISED PUNISHMENT ON THE GROUNDS OF THE POLISH CRIMINAL CODE OF 1997 Summary The article presents an analysis of the principle of individualised punishment incorporated in the Polish Criminal Code. The main difficulties involved are the circumstances affecting the severity of the sentence imposed. The article gives a classification of these circumstances and a short description of some of them .The diversified effect of particular circumstances may be connected with a specific directive prioritised in the given individual sentence.
ORGANIZACJA ‘CURA URBIS’ W RZYMIE W POCZĄTKACH PRYNCYPATU
Authors: Kamińska Renata
Published: December 2016

THE ORGANISATION OF THE ‘CURA URBIS’ IN ROME AT THE BEGINNING OF THE PRINCIPATESummaryWhen Augustus assumed power changes started to be implemented in the Roman public administration. Some of them affected the administration of the city. The cura urbis, which under the Republic had been one of the duties of the aedils and censors, now passed to the powers of the curators, who were liable for most of the business relating to the proper functioning of the City, its order and security. The curatores worked as a collegial body; they were appointed by the princeps and were accountable to him. The most important and characteristic curatorial colleges at the beginning of the principate were the curatores aquarum, the curatores riparum et alvei Tiberis, the curatores aedium sacrarum et operum locorumque publicorum and the curatores viarum.
BADANIA GENETYCZNE DNA NA UŻYTEK PROCESU KARNEGO
Authors: Szczepaniec Maria
Published: December 2016

DNA GENETIC TESTING IN CRIMINAL PROCEDURESummaryThe article discusses the use of DNA genetic testing for the purposes of criminal procedure. It describes the general principles and methods used in DNA-based tests. It also addresses the issue of the value of haemogenetic examination as evidence, and notes the problem of contamination and the method employed for the collection of samples for comparative tests.
‘EDICTUM CLAUDII DE CIVITATE VOLUBILITANORUM’
Authors: Jurewicz Aldona Rita , Tadajczyk Konrad Tomasz
Published: December 2016

‘EDICTUM CLAUDII DE CIVITATE VOLUBILITANORUM’Summary‘Edictum Claudii de civitate Volubilitanorum’ is an inscription placed on the pediment of the statue dedicated to Marcus Valerius Severus, son of Bostar. He was the commander of the auxiliary units during the war against Aedemon. The statue was set up by Valerius’s wife Fabia Bira. The inscription contains enumeration of the privileges having been granted by Claudius to the inhabitants of Volubilis. This bestowal of rights appears to have been the emperor’s acknowledgment of the assistance the inhabitants of Volubilis rendered the Romans against Aedemon’s rebellion after the death of Ptolemy, the last king of Mauretania. The rebels rose up following the murder of their king by Caligula and the subsequent incorporation of their country in the Roman Empire. However, the Volubilians supported the Romans. The emperor granted them Roman citizenship and the right to marry nonRoman women, while the town itself was allowed to acquire the estates of inhabitants who had died without leaving an heir (bona vacantia).
O ZASADNOŚCI UNORMOWANIA W KODEKSIE SPÓŁEK HANDLOWYCH KONSTRUKCJI NADUŻYCIA FORMY SPÓŁKI
Authors: Frelek Krystian
Published: December 2016

ON THE JUSTIFICATION OF THE NEED TO INTRODUCE INTO THE POLISH COMMERCIAL COMPANIES CODE (KSH) OF A REGULATION CONCERNING THE ABUSE OF PARTNERSHIPS AND COMMERCIAL COMPANIESSummaryThe aim of this article is describe what is meant by the abuse of partnerships and commercial companies and to present the merits of the proposed regulation to control the phenomenon. The author explains that the abuse of partnerships and commercial companies is a collective definition covering a variety of cases in which one or more partners or shareholders abuse the partnership or commercial company for purposes not in compliance with those intended by the law. This usually means the avoidance of legal liability by persons who are managing a partnership or commercial company. A businessman who is unable to achieve his commercial aims within the legal scope of business activities may resort to the abuse of his company. It is the legislator’s duty to curb such behaviour, which is a threat to other entities involved in commercial activities, especially as regards a company’s creditors.
PRAWO RZYMSKIE W POLSCE PRZEDROZBIOROWEJ W ŚWIETLE AKTUALNYCH BADAŃ
Authors: Godek Sławomir
Published: December 2016

ROMAN LAW IN PRE-PARTITION POLAND IN THE LIGHT OF PRESENT RESEARCH Summary The question of the importance of Roman law in pre-partition Poland has been taxing Polish legal historians for more than two centuries. The achievements to date in this field are significant; however, the issue has not been completely exhausted. In ongoing studies, a number of lines of inquiry have been undertaken that constitute a continuation of earlier investigations, but there are also completely new lines. The great controversy about the role of Roman law in Poland prior to 1795 (viz. the Third Partition) that was initiated by historians in the nineteenth century continues to be of unflagging interest. Research into the Romanisation of the Chronicles of Wincenty Kadłubek is being continued. The attention of researchers is still drawn to the issue of the teaching of Roman law in pre-partition Poland, especially in Kraków, Wilno, and Zamość. Quite significant progress has been made in research on the impact of Roman law on the codification of Poland prior to 1795. Areas of special interest include the Sigismundina, the Lithuanian Statutes and King Stanisław August’s Code. Research on the influence of Roman law on the work of writers who were lawyers in the pre-partition era is less intense than it was in the past. However, there has been a revival in the study of criminal law, as evidenced by the work on crimen laesae maiestatis.
KILKA SŁÓW O AKSJOLOGII PRAWA KONKURENCJI A PRAWA PATENTOWEGO: ABSOLUTNA OCHRONA PATENTOWA WYNALAZKÓW BIOTECHNOLOGICZNYCH
Authors: Uchańska Joanna
Published: December 2016

A FEW REMARKS ON THE AXIOLOGY OF COMPETITION LAW AND PATENT LAW: THE ABSOLUTE PATENT PROTECTION OF BIOTECHNOLOGICAL INVENTIONSSummary This paper discusses the important issue of the dependence of patent law on competition law, and their relations. The author carries out a comprehensive analysis of the axiomatic foundations of these two systems. She starts by putting a hypothesis that patent law and competition law are complementary. Both are a remedy for the shortcomings of the market, each in a different, but complementary way acting as tools in a mechanism to stimulate innovation. Subsequently, the paper presents the patent protection of biotechnological inventions, in particular its sensitive aspect, namely the absolute protection of biotechnological inventions. Hence she goes on to discuss various standpoints on the patent protection of biotechnological inventions. In the final part of the article she presents the well-nigh inevitable clash between the absolute protection of biotechnological inventions and the law on protection of competition. The article also shows that competition law is in conflict with the axiological foundations of patent protection, in prejudice to the principle that patent protection is a system envisaged for the benefit of society as a whole and should be established and performed using the principle of proportionality.
MĘDREK SPRZEDAJE NIEWOLNIKA, CZYLI WADY TOWARU W ANTYCZNYM DOWCIPIE
Authors: Tarwacka Anna
Published: December 2016

A LEARNED FOOL SELLS A SLAVE. DEFECTIVE SALES GOODS IN AN ANCIENT JOKESummary The aim of the article is to analyse and explain the joke in Philogelos 18 by bringing out its legal connotations. The joke is about a learned fool being informed by the buyer that the slave he has sold him has died. The fool replies that the slave had never done such a thing before. The legal background is the seller’s liability for physical defects in the sales goods, which was regulated by the Aedilician edict De mancipiis emundis vendundis as regards slaves. While the buyer seems to be referring to an illness as the presumable cause of the slave’s death, the seller’s answer would only make sense if it applied to another “defect” – the slave running away. Both situations were usually covered in the seller’s guarantee for the quality of the product. If the slave had escaped, the assertion that he had never done that before would have been perfectly logical, because – if proven – it would have exonerated the seller from liability.