bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine learning algorithms for identifying predictive variables of mortality risk following dementia diagnosis: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Mostafaei Shayan , Hoang Minh Tuan , Jurado Pol Grau , Xu Hong , Zacarias-Pons Lluis , Eriksdotter Maria , Chatterjee Saikat , Garcia-Ptacek Sara
Published: June 2023

Machine learning (ML) could have advantages over traditional statistical models in identifying risk factors. Using ML algorithms, our objective was to identify the most important variables associated with mortality after dementia diagnosis in the Swedish Registry for Cognitive/Dementia Disorders (SveDem). From SveDem, a longitudinal cohort of 28,023 dementia-diagnosed patients was selected for this study. Sixty variables were considered as potential predictors of mortality risk, such as age at dementia diagnosis, dementia type, sex, body mass index (BMI), mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score, time from referral to initiation of work-up, time from initiation of work-up to diagnosis, dementia medications, comorbidities, and some specific medications for chronic comorbidities (e.g., cardiovascular disease). We applied sparsity-inducing penalties for three ML algorithms and identified twenty important variables for the binary classification task in mortality risk prediction and fifteen variables to predict time to death. Area-under-ROC curve (AUC) measure was used to evaluate the classification algorithms. Then, an unsupervised clustering algorithm was applied on the set of twenty-selected variables to find two main clusters which accurately matched surviving and dead patient clusters. A support-vector-machines with an appropriate sparsity penalty provided the classification of mortality risk with accuracy = 0.7077, AUROC = 0.7375, sensitivity = 0.6436, and specificity = 0.740. Across three ML algorithms, the majority of the identified twenty variables were compatible with literature and with our previous studies on SveDem. We also found new variables which were not previously reported in literature as associated with mortality in dementia. Performance of basic dementia diagnostic work-up, time from referral to initiation of work-up, and time from initiation of work-up to diagnosis were found to be elements of the diagnostic process identified by the ML algorithms. The median follow-up time was 1053 (IQR = 516–1771) days in surviving and 1125 (IQR = 605–1770) days in dead patients. For prediction of time to death, the CoxBoost model identified 15 variables and classified them in order of importance. These highly important variables were age at diagnosis, MMSE score, sex, BMI, and Charlson Comorbidity Index with selection scores of 23%, 15%, 14%, 12% and 10%, respectively. This study demonstrates the potential of sparsity-inducing ML algorithms in improving our understanding of mortality risk factors in dementia patients and their application in clinical settings. Moreover, ML methods can be used as a complement to traditional statistical methods.
High accuracy distinction of shockable and non-shockable arrhythmias in abnormal classes through wavelet transform with pseudo differential like operators
Authors: Rahman Md. Masudur , Albeverio Sergio , Kagawa Toshinao , Kawasaki Shuji , Okai Takayuki , Oya Hidetoshi , Yahagi Yumi , Yoshida Minoru W.
Published: June 2023

Arrhythmia is an abnormal rhythm of the heart which leads to sudden death. Among these arrhythmias, some are shockable, and some are non-shockable arrhythmias with external defibrillation. The automated external defibrillator (AED) is used as the automated arrhythmia diagnosis system and requires an accurate and rapid decision to increase the survival rate. Therefore, a precise and quick decision by the AED has become essential in improving the survival rate. This paper presents an arrhythmia diagnosis system for the AED by engineering methods and generalized function theories. In the arrhythmia diagnosis system, the proposed wavelet transform with pseudo-differential like operators-based method effectively generates a distinguishable scalogram for the shockable and non-shockable arrhythmia in the abnormal class signals, which leads to the decision algorithm getting the best distinction. Then, a new quality parameter is introduced to get more details by quantizing the statistical features on the scalogram. Finally, design a simple AED shock and non-shock advice method by following this information to improve the precision and rapid decision. Here, an adequate topology (metric function) is adopted to the space of the scatter plot, where we can give different scales to select the best area of the scatter plot for the test sample. As a consequence, the proposed decision method gives the highest accuracy and rapid decision between shockable and non-shockable arrhythmias. The proposed arrhythmia diagnosis system increases the accuracy to 97.98%, with a gain of 11.75% compared to the conventional approach in the abnormal class signals. Therefore, the proposed method contributes an additional 11.75% possibility for increasing the survival rate. The proposed arrhythmia diagnosis system is general and could be applied to distinguish different arrhythmia-based applications. Also, each contribution could be used independently in various applications.
Investigation of boron-doped graphene oxide anchored with copper sulphide flowers as visible light active photocatalyst for methylene blue degradation
Authors: Farhan Ahmad , Zahid Muhammad , Tahir Noor , Mansha Asim , Yaseen Muhammad , Mustafa Ghulam , Alamir Mohammed A. , Alarifi Ibrahim M. , shahid Imran
Published: June 2023

The non-biodegradable nature of waste emitted from the agriculture and industrial sector contaminates freshwater reserves. Fabrication of highly effective and low-cost heterogeneous photocatalysts is crucial for sustainable wastewater treatment. The present research study aims to construct a novel photocatalyst using a facile ultrasonication-assisted hydrothermal method. Metal sulphides and doped carbon support materials work well to fabricate hybrid sunlight active systems that efficiently harness green energy and are eco-friendly. Boron-doped graphene oxide-supported copper sulphide nanocomposite was synthesized hydrothermally and was assessed for sunlight-assisted photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye. BGO/CuS was characterized through various techniques such as SEM–EDS, XRD, XPS, FTIR, BET, PL, and UV–Vis DRS spectroscopy. The bandgap of BGO-CuS was found to be 2.51 eV as evaluated through the tauc plot method. The enhanced dye degradation was obtained at optimum conditions of pH = 8, catalyst concentration (20 mg/100 mL for BGO-CuS), oxidant dose (10 mM for BGO-CuS), and optimum time of irradiation was 60 min. The novel boron-doped nanocomposite effectively degraded methylene blue up to 95% under sunlight. Holes and hydroxyl radicals were the key reactive species. Response surface methodology was used to analyze the interaction among several interacting parameters to remove dye methylene blue effectively.
Anomalous correlation-induced dynamical phase transitions
Authors: Khan Niaz Ali , Wang Pei , Jan Munsif , Xianlong Gao
Published: June 2023

The nonanalyticity of the Loschmidt echo at critical times in quantum quenched systems is termed as the dynamical quantum phase transition, extending the notion of quantum criticality to a nonequilibrium scenario. In this paper, we establish a new paradigm of dynamical phase transitions driven by a sudden change in the internal spatial correlations of the disorder potential in a low-dimensional disordered system. The quench dynamics between prequenched pure and postquenched random system Hamiltonian reveals an anomalous dynamical quantum phase transition triggered by an infinite disorder correlation in the modulation potential. The physical origin of the anomalous phenomenon is associated with the overlap between the two distinctly different extended states. Furthermore, we explore the quench dynamics between the prequenched random and postquenched pure system Hamiltonian. Interestingly, the quenched system undergoes dynamical quantum phase transitions for the prequench white-noise potential in the thermodynamic limit. In addition, the quench dynamics also shows a clear signature of the delocalization phase transition in the correlated Anderson model.
Effectual visible light photocatalytic reduction of para-nitro phenol using reduced graphene oxide and ZnO composite
Authors: Velusamy Sasireka , Roy Anurag , Mariam Ezrah , Krishnamurthy Satheesh , Sundaram Senthilarasu , Mallick Tapas K.
Published: June 2023

Removing wastewater pollutants using semiconducting-based heterogeneous photocatalysis is an advantageous technique because it provides strong redox power charge carriers under sunlight irradiation. In this study, we synthesized a composite of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO) called rGO@ZnO. We established the formation of type II heterojunction composites by employing various physicochemical characterization techniques. To evaluate the photocatalytic performance of the synthesized rGO@ZnO composite, we tested it for reducing a common wastewater pollutant, para-nitro phenol (PNP), to para-amino phenol (PAP) under both ultraviolet (UV) and visible light irradiances. The rGOx@ZnO (x = 0.5–7 wt%) samples, comprising various weights of rGO, were investigated as potential photocatalysts for the reduction of PNP to PAP under visible light irradiation. Among the samples, rGO5@ZnO exhibited remarkable photocatalytic activity, achieving a PNP reduction efficiency of approximately 98% within a short duration of four minutes. These results demonstrate an effective strategy and provide fundamental insights into removing high-value-added organic water pollutants.
Application of ensemble model in capacity prediction of the CCFST columns under axial and eccentric loading
Authors: Wang Jing , Lu Ruichen , Cheng Ming
Published: June 2023

Understanding the load-carrying capacity of circular concrete-filled steel tube (CCFST) columns is crucial for designing CCFST structures. However, traditional empirical formulas often yield inconsistent results for the same scenario, causing confusion for decision makers. Additionally, simple regression analysis is unable to accurately predict the complex mapping relationship between input and output variables. To address these limitations, this paper proposes an ensemble model that incorporates multiple input features, such as component geometry and material properties, to predict CCFST load capacity. The model is trained and tested on two datasets comprising 1305 tests on CCFST columns under concentric loading and 499 tests under eccentric loading. The results demonstrate that the proposed ensemble model outperforms conventional support vector regression and random forest models in terms of the determination coefficient (R2) and error metrics (MAE, RMSE, and MAPE). Moreover, a feature analysis based on the Shapley additive interpretation (SHAP) technique indicates that column diameter is the most critical factor affecting compressive strength. Other important factors include tube thickness, yield strength of steel tube, and concrete compressive strength, all of which have a positive effect on load capacity. Conversely, an increase in column length or eccentricity leads to a decrease in load capacity. These findings can provide useful insights and guidance for the design of CCFST columns.
Effect of cue-based feeding on time to nipple feed and time to discharge in very low birth weight infants
Authors: Spagnoli Jonathan , Dhanireddy Ramasubbareddy , Gannon Emily , Chilakala Sandeep
Published: June 2023

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a cue-based feeding protocol in improving time to nipple feed and time to discharge in very low birth weight infants in a Level III Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Demographic, feeding, and discharge data were recorded and compared between the two cohorts. The pre-protocol cohort included infants born from August 2013 through April 2016 and the post-protocol cohort included infants born from January 2017 through December 2019. 272 infants were included in the pre-protocol cohort and 314 infants in the post-protocol cohort. Both cohorts were statistically comparable in gestational age, gender, race, birthweight, prenatal care, antenatal steroid use, and rates of maternal diabetes. There were statistically significant differences between the pre- versus post-protocol cohorts in median post-menstrual age (PMA) in days at first nipple feed (PO) (240 vs 238, p = 0.025), PMA in days at full PO (250 vs 247, p = 0.015), and length of stay in days (55 vs 48, p = 0.0113). Comparing each year in the post-protocol cohort, for each outcome measure, a similar trend was noted in 2017 and 2018, but not in 2019. In conclusion, the cue-based feeding protocol was associated with a decrease in the time to first PO, time to full nipple feeds, and the length of stay in very-low-birthweight infants.
Comparison of pathogen detection consistency between metagenomic next-generation sequencing and blood culture in patients with suspected bloodstream infection
Authors: Zhou Yuhua , Shi Wen , Wen Yi , Mao Enqiang , Ni Tongtian
Published: June 2023

The application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has gradually been carried out by clinical practitioner. However, few studies have compared it with blood cultures in patients suffering from suspected bloodstream infections. The purpose of this study was to compare the detection of pathogenic microorganisms by these two assays in patients with suspected bloodstream infection. We retrospectively studied patients with fever, chills, antibiotic use for more than 3 days, suspected bloodstream infection, and admission to the emergency department of Ruijin Hospital from January 2020 to June 2022. All patients had blood drawn on the same day for blood mNGS and blood cultures. Clinical and laboratory parameters were collected on the day blood was drawn. The detection of pathogenic microorganisms by the two methods was compared. Risk factors and in-hospital mortality in patients with bloodstream infections were analysed separately for these two assays. In all 99 patients, the pathogenic microorganisms detection rate in blood mNGS was significantly higher than that in blood culture. Blood mNGS was consistent with blood culture in only 12.00% of all positive bacterial and fungal test results. The level of CRP is related to bacteraemia, fungaemia and viraemia detected by blood mNGS. No clear risk factors could be found in patients with a positive blood culture. In critically ill patients, both tests failed to improve patient outcomes. In patients with suspected bloodstream infection, mNGS is not yet a complete replacement for blood cultures.
Pirin is a prognostic marker of human melanoma that dampens the proliferation of malignant cells by downregulating JARID1B/KDM5B expression
Authors: Penas Cristina , Arroyo-Berdugo Yoana , Apraiz Aintzane , Rasero Javier , Muñoa-Hoyos Iraia , Andollo Noelia , Cancho-Galán Goikoane , Izu Rosa , Gardeazabal Jesús , Ezkurra Pilar A. , Subiran Nerea , Alvarez-Dominguez Carmen , Alonso Santos , Bosserhoff Anja K. , Asumendi Aintzane , Boyano María D.
Published: June 2023

Originally considered to act as a transcriptional co-factor, Pirin has recently been reported to play a role in tumorigenesis and the malignant progression of many tumors. Here, we have analyzed the diagnostic and prognostic value of Pirin expression in the early stages of melanoma, and its role in the biology of melanocytic cells. Pirin expression was analyzed in a total of 314 melanoma biopsies, correlating this feature with the patient’s clinical course. Moreover,PIRdownregulated primary melanocytes were analyzed by RNA sequencing, and the data obtained were validated in human melanoma cell lines overexpressingPIRby functional assays. The immunohistochemistry multivariate analysis revealed that early melanomas with stronger Pirin expression were more than twice as likely to develop metastases during the follow-up. Transcriptome analysis ofPIRdownregulated melanocytes showed a dampening of genes involved in the G1/S transition, cell proliferation, and cell migration. In addition, an in silico approach predicted thatJARID1Bas a potential transcriptional regulator that lies betweenPIRand its downstream modulated genes, which was corroborated by co-transfection experiments and functional analysis. Together, the data obtained indicated that Pirin could be a useful marker for the metastatic progression of melanoma and that it participates in the proliferation of melanoma cells by regulating the slow-cyclingJARID1Bgene.
Experimental testing of irradiated engine oil using an e-beam
Authors: Zachar Martin , Furch Jan
Published: June 2023

Engine oil forms a complex system with a number of features. These features consist of hydrocarbons, various natural, or synthetic polymers. The irradiation of polymers becomes an integral part of modern industry. The lubrication, charge, thermal and cleaning requirements, which engine oils are expected to meet, are often chemically contradictory and manufacturers have to decide to compromise. Electron accelerators are widely used to enhance polymer properties. By applying radiation technology, it is possible to increase the desirable properties of polymers while leaving other properties at their original value. The paper focuses on combustion engine oil modified by e-beam. The assessed engine oil has a hydrocarbon base, which, from the chemical point of view, is processed as a polymer during the irradiation process. In this paper we have compared selected properties of the conventional and the irradiated engine oil during two exchange intervals. We have examined appropriate dose, dose rate, irradiation volume and a container on a single accelerated electrons energy. The examined oil properties were of a physical and physico-chemical nature, and included mainly kinematic viscosity, viscosity index, the total base number, soot content, oxidation, sulfation, significant chemical elements and wear particles. Every oil attribute is compared with its original value. The main objective of this paper is to demonstrate that the application of e-beam is an adequate method used to enhance engine oil properties to achieve cleaner engine running, and extend engine oil lifetime.
Bayesian risk prediction model for colorectal cancer mortality through integration of clinicopathologic and genomic data
Authors: Zhao Melissa , Lau Mai Chan , Haruki Koichiro , Väyrynen Juha P. , Gurjao Carino , Väyrynen Sara A. , Dias Costa Andressa , Borowsky Jennifer , Fujiyoshi Kenji , Arima Kota , Hamada Tsuyoshi , Lennerz Jochen K. , Fuchs Charles S. , Nishihara Reiko , Chan Andrew T. , Ng Kimmie , Zhang Xuehong , Meyerhardt Jeffrey A. , Song Mingyang , Wang Molin , Giannakis Marios , Nowak Jonathan A. , Yu Kun-Hsing , Ugai Tomotaka , Ogino Shuji
Published: June 2023

Routine tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging of colorectal cancer is imperfect in predicting survival due to tumor pathobiological heterogeneity and imprecise assessment of tumor spread. We leveraged Bayesian additive regression trees (BART), a statistical learning technique, to comprehensively analyze patient-specific tumor characteristics for the improvement of prognostic prediction. Of 75 clinicopathologic, immune, microbial, and genomic variables in 815 stage II–III patients within two U.S.-wide prospective cohort studies, the BART risk model identified seven stable survival predictors. Risk stratifications (low risk, intermediate risk, and high risk) based on model-predicted survival were statistically significant (hazard ratios 0.19–0.45, vs. higher risk; P < 0.0001) and could be externally validated using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data (P = 0.0004). BART demonstrated model flexibility, interpretability, and comparable or superior performance to other machine-learning models. Integrated bioinformatic analyses using BART with tumor-specific factors can robustly stratify colorectal cancer patients into prognostic groups and be readily applied to clinical oncology practice.
A liquid-free conducting ionoelastomer for 3D printable multifunctional self-healing electronic skin with tactile sensing capabilities
Authors: Wu Qirui , Xu Yidan , Han Songjiu , Zhu Jundong , Chen Anbang , Zhang Jiayu , Chen Yujia , Yang Xiaoxiang , Huang Jianren , Guan Lunhui
Published: June 2023

Conductive elastomers with both softness and conductivity are widely used in the field of flexible electronics.
Augmented and sustained oxygen reduction reaction activity of NiCo2O4 by the incorporation of Ag
Authors: Nubla Karuvatta , Anju Vadakkanethu Sadasivan , K. Aiswarya Sidharthan , Sandhyarani N.
Published: June 2023

A highly efficient and durable electro-catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) for the direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) is reported.
Synthesis and characterization of Cs2Zn4V4O15—a new vanadate in the Cs–Zn–V–O quaternary system
Authors: Feng Qiuyuan , Zuo Jianyi , Du Hong
Published: June 2023

Cs2Zn4V4O15: the first compound in the system of cesium zinc vanadate.
Dynamics of reduced graphene oxide: synthesis and structural models
Authors: Mombeshora Edwin T. , Muchuweni Edigar
Published: June 2023

Historical structural modelling and recent merits/demerits of physicochemical properties from synthesis methodologies as well as the prospects of using reduced graphene oxide in modern devices from the perspective of graphene oxide.
Effect of water content on stratum corneum penetration mechanism of W/O type microemulsions
Authors: Nakamura Erika , Iwase Hiroki , Arima-Osonoi Hiroshi , Sakuragi Mina
Published: June 2023

The stratum corneum (SC) consists of a lipid layer that forms two types of lamellar structures: short lamellar (S-La) and long lamellar (L-La).
Isolation, structural elucidation, and cytotoxic activity investigation of novel styryl-lactone derivatives fromGoniothalamus elegans:in vitroandin silicostudies
Authors: Nguyen Tan Khanh , Thi Tran Linh Thuy , Truong Tan Trung , Pham Phu Tran Vinh , Nguyen Linh Thuy Khanh , Nguyen Hoai Thi , Ho Duc Viet , Tran Manh Hung
Published: June 2023

Two styryl-lactone derivatives (1 and 2) were isolated from the aerial parts ofGoniothalamus elegans.
A recent overview of surfactant–drug interactions and their importance
Authors: Pokhrel Dilli Ram , Sah Manish Kumar , Gautam Bibaran , Basak Hriday Kumar , Bhattarai Ajaya , Chatterjee Abhik
Published: June 2023

Interactions between surfactants and drugs.
Ordered non-close packed colloidal array with morphology control
Authors: Choudhuri Madhumita , Banik Meneka , Mukherjee Rabibrata
Published: June 2023

A facile template guided approach for fabricating ordered non-close packed arrays of colloidal particles.
3D printable adhesive elastomers with dynamic covalent bond rearrangement
Authors: Wanasinghe Shiwanka V. , Johnson Brent , Revadelo Rebekah , Eifert Grant , Cox Allyson , Beckett Joseph , Osborn Timothy , Thrasher Carl , Lowe Robert , Konkolewicz Dominik
Published: June 2023

Soft 3D-printable adhesive elastomers with self-healing capabilities were formulated. These materials were 3D printed into complex structures and used to modify soft robots for shape-selective lifting.
Strain relaxation and phase regulation in quasi-2D perovskites for efficient solar cells
Authors: Zhang Haolin , Wang Ze , Wang Haoyu , Yao Xianghua , Wang Furong , Wang Shuya , Bai Sai , Huang Jiang , Luo Xiao , Wu Shuanghong , Liu Xiaodong
Published: June 2023

By introducing F-PEA as a second spacer cation, a remarkable PCE of 17.17% is achieved for iso-BA based Q-2D PSCs with PTAA as a hole transport layer, attributed to the released tensile strain and improved charge transport in the iso-BA:F-PEA based film.
In situ cyclodextrin metal–organic framework/electrospun composite fibers with biosafety for the removal of volatile organic compounds
Authors: Wang Chucheng , Huang Zhilin , Huang Zixin , Feng Leyan , Li Hong
Published: June 2023

In situ CD-MOF/PCL electrospun fibers, prepared via the precursor doping method, have potential application in removing volatile organic compounds.
Rh in the gap: maximizing E-field enhancement within nanorod heterodimers
Authors: Piaskowski Joshua , Haberfehlner Georg , Bartschmid Theresa , Kothleitner Gerald , Steinhart Martin , Bourret Gilles R.
Published: June 2023

EELS, SERS and electromagnetic simulations demonstrate large E-field enhancements at Rh segments located in the gap region of AuRh_Au nanorod heterodimers.
Presenting a new scheme for developing a distribution system restoration using online islanding method in the presence of dispatchable and non‐dispatchable DGRs and energy storages
Authors: Yeganehkia Mohammad Hassan , Rezaei Mohammad Mahdi , Abedi Mehrdad , Shojaeian Shahrokh , Dowlatshahi Milad
Published: June 2023

This paper proposes a two‐layer method for restoring service. Firstly, a new strategy is used to obtain binary variables relating to closed switches and tie switches. In addition, after the fault occurs it is also possible to obtain optimal islands online. Secondly, a non‐linear model is solved to optimally determine the islands created in the first step, in which distributed generation resources (DGRs), energy storages (ESs) and load shedding (LSH) are reprogrammed. When LSH is performed, the sensitive loads must experience the least amount of outage possible. Therefore, the loads are categorized into residential, industrial, and sensitive categories. In order to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed method, a modified IEEE 33‐bus system is simulated. In simulations, the proposed strategy has been compared with one of the important existing methods. Based on these results, the proposed method can reduce the cost function by modifying the critical load less than other methods. In this method, the critical LSH is 220 kW, which is 105 kW less than the compared method. By reducing the amount of load, 46,000 dollars have been saved in system expenses. The results confirm that the proposed strategy is considerably superior to the existing method.
The gas morphology of nearby star-forming galaxies
Authors: Stuber Sophia K. , Schinnerer Eva , Williams Thomas G. , Querejeta Miguel , Meidt Sharon , Emsellem Éric , Barnes Ashley , Klessen Ralf S. , Leroy Adam K. , Neumann Justus , Sormani Mattia C. , Bigiel Frank , Chevance Mélanie , Dale Danny , Faesi Christopher , Glover Simon C. O. , Grasha Kathryn , Diederik Kruijssen J. M. , Liu Daizhong , Pan Hsi-an , Pety Jérôme , Pinna Francesca , Saito Toshiki , Usero Antonio , Watkins Elizabeth J.
Published: June 2023

A galaxy’s morphology stems from the secular and environmental processes taking place over the course of its evolutionary history. Thus, it has consistently served as an important tool for gaining insights into galaxy evolution. In this work, we visually classified morphologies on cloud-scales based on the molecular gas distribution of a large sample of 79 nearby main sequence galaxies, using 1″ resolution CO(2–1) ALMA observations taken as part of the PHANGS survey. For this purpose, we devised a morphology classification scheme for different types of bars, spiral arms (grand-design, flocculent, multi-arm and smooth), and rings (central and non-central rings) that are similar to the well established optical ones. Furthermore, we introduced bar lane classes. In general, our cold gas-based morphologies is in good agreement with the ones based on stellar light. Both of our bars, as well as the grand-design spiral arms, are preferentially found at the higher mass end of our sample. Our gas-based classification indicates a potential for a misidentification of unbarred galaxies in the optical when massive star formation is present. Central or nuclear rings are present in a third of the sample, with a strong preference seen for barred galaxies (59%). As stellar bars are present in 45 ± 5% of our sample galaxies, we explore the utility of molecular gas as tracer of bar lane properties. We find that more curved bar lanes have a shorter radial extent in molecular gas and reside in galaxies with lower molecular to stellar mass ratios than those with straighter geometries. Galaxies display a wide range of CO morphologies and this work is aimed at providing a catalogue of morphological features in a representative sample of nearby galaxies.
Sub-millimetre galaxies with Webb
Authors: Gillman Steven , Gullberg Bitten , Brammer Gabe , Vijayan Aswin P. , Lee Minju , Blánquez David , Brinch Malte , Greve Thomas R. , Jermann Iris , Jin Shuowen , Kokorev Vasily , Liu Lijie , Magdis Georgios , Rizzo Francesca , Valentino Francesco
Published: June 2023

We utilised the unprecedented depth and resolution of recent early-release science (ERS) JWST observations to define the near-infrared counterparts of sub-millimetre galaxies (SMGs). We identified 45 SCUBA-2 SMG positions within the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science (CEERS) survey JWST/NIRCam fields. Through an analysis of multi-wavelength p-values, NIRCam colours and predicted SCUBA-2 fluxes, we define 43 JWST/NIRCam counterparts to the SCUBA-2 SMGs, finding a 63 per cent agreement with those identified in prior HST studies. Using EaZy-py, we fitted the available HST and JWST observations to quantify the photometric redshifts of the NIRCam-SMGs, establishing a broad range of redshift from z ≈ 0.2–5.4 with a median of z ≈ 2.29, in agreement with other studies of SMGs. We identified significant variations in the morphology of the NIRCam-SMGs from isolated discs and spheroidal galaxies to irregular interacting systems. We analysed their rest-frame optical and near-infrared morphological properties (e.g. effective radius (Re), Sérsic index (n), concentration (C), asymmetry (A), clumpiness (S), as well as the Gini and M20 parameters), finding, on average, late-type disc-like morphologies with large scatter into the intermediate and merger regions of the non-parametric parameter space. For the non-merging galaxies, we find a median rest-frame optical size and Sérsic index (and 1σ scatter) of Re = 3.10 ± 1.67 kpc and n = 0.96 ± 0.66. Whilst in the rest-frame near-infrared, we establish more compact, higher Sérsic index morphologies (Re = 1.64 ± 0.97, n = 1.85 ± 0.63). We further establish that both the rest-frame optical and near-infrared effective radii correlate negatively (at a 2σ level) with redshift, whilst the Sérsic index remains constant with cosmic time. Our results are consistent with the picture of inside-out galaxy evolution, with more centrally concentrated older stellar populations, and more extended, younger star-forming regions whose stellar emission is heavily attenuated in the central regions.
Detection of seven 2+2 doubly eclipsing quadruple systems
Authors: Zasche P. , Henzl Z. , Mašek M. , Uhlař R. , Kára J. , Merc J. , Kučáková H.
Published: June 2023

In this work, we study a heterogeneous group of seven stellar systems for the first time. Despite their different distances or spectral types, all of them belong to a very rare group of quadruple systems of 2+2 architecture, where both of the inner pairs harbor eclipsing binaries. These systems are: ASASSN-V J102911.57−522413.6 (inner periods 0.57272, and 3.79027 days), V1037 Her (0.78758 and 5.80348 days), WISE J181904.2+241243 (0.36713 and 0.41942 days), V2894 Cyg (2.57434 and 1.30579 days), NSVS 5725040 (1.79368 and 0.76794 days), WISE J210230.8+610816 (1.84324 and 0.57159 days), and ZTF J220518.78+592642.1 (2.79572 and 3.34615 days). Their outer mutual periods are: 9.3, 25.4, 18.7, 27.5, 2.6, 2.2, and 14.0 yr, respectively. These outer periodicities were derived using longer time span of photometric observations of these systems and analysing their period changes of both inner pairs via ETVs (eclipse-timing variations). Most of these studied systems are detached, as evidenced by the proper modelling of their light curves. A few of them show significant eccentric orbits with apsidal motion (e.g., V2894 Cyg, and NSVS 5725040). Further spectroscopic follow-up observations would offer a better characterization of the component star’s parameters (for e.g., NSVS 5725040), as well as a potential interferometric detection of the systems as real doubles on their mutual orbits (for e.g., V1037 Her). A rather interesting excess of systems close to a 3:2 mean motion resonance is seen only for early spectral-type stars with higher temperatures.
Bewegungsbasierte Prähabilitation vor elektiven Eingriffen am
Herzen: ein Überblick
Authors: Steinmetz Carolin , Bjarnason-Wehrens Birna , Roth Katja , Walther Claudia , Sadlonova Monika , von Arnim Christine A.F. , Schmidt Thomas
Published: June 2023

Die Versorgung multimorbider und hochaltriger Patient*innen stellt das
Gesundheitssystem vor enorme Herausforderungen. Dies gilt auch im Bereich der
Kardiologie, der Kardiochirurgie und der kardiologischen Rehabilitation. Eine
verminderte körperliche Leistungsfähigkeit und der Verlust der
körperlichen Funktionsfähigkeit vor, während und nach
einem Krankenhausaufenthalt wirken sich negativ auf die Lebensqualität,
Selbstständigkeit und Alltagsbelastbarkeit älterer
Patient*innen aus. Insbesondere vor elektiven Eingriffen am Herzen
profitieren ältere Patient*innen voraussichtlich von einer
spezifischen prähabilitativen Vorbereitung auf den Eingriff. Dieser
Artikel fasst die wesentlichen Erfahrungen und aktuelle wissenschaftliche
Ergebnisse in diesem Themengebiet, auf der Basis eines narrativen Reviews,
zusammen. Eingeschlossen wurden fünf systematische
Übersichtsarbeiten mit Metaanalysen publiziert zwischen
2012–2022. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass prähabilitative
Maßnahmen mit einem bewegungsbasierten Schwerpunkt (u. a.
Ausdauertraining, Gymnastik und Atemtraining) vor operativen Eingriffen am
Herzen die Krankenhausverweildauer verkürzen, die funktionelle
Kapazität verbessern und verschiedene postoperative Komplikationen
reduzieren können. Limitation dieser Arbeiten sind die enorme
Heterogenität der eingeschlossenen Studien in Bezug auf die
therapeutischen Interventionen, die untersuchten Erfolgsparameter sowie die
eingeschlossenen Kohorten. In Zukunft gilt es, standardisierte und
evidenzbasierte Prähabilitationsprogramme für die Kardiologie
und Kardiochirurgie zu entwickeln, um abhängig von der jeweiligen
Kohorte den größtmöglichen Benefit für
die/den einzelne/n Patient*in zu erzielen. Aufschluss
hierüber könnten die aktuell in Deutschland laufenden
prähabilitativen Multicenterstudien PRECOVERY und PRÄP-GO
liefern. Das langfristige Ziel ist es, die Prähabilitation im
kardiologischen/kardiochirurgischen Setting in Deutschland als neue
Versorgungsform einzuführen und zu etablieren.
Prähabilitatives körperliches Training könnte
die Wirksamkeit einer neoadjuvanten Chemotherapie bei Speiseröhrenkrebs
verdoppeln
Authors: Köppel Maximilian
Published: June 2023

Originalpublikation

Aus über 700 klinischen Studien zur Wirksamkeit von Bewegung bei Krebs wissen
wir, dass Bewegung für die Betroffenen nicht nur sicher ist, sondern auch
effektiv zum Nebenwirkungsmanagement eingesetzt werden kann 1
2.
Darüber hinaus sind Sicherheit und Wirksamkeit nicht nur auf beispielsweise
die medizinische Rehabilitation beschränkt, sondern konnten sich entlang der
gesamten Krebstrajektorie, d. h. von Diagnosestellung bis hin zur Nachsorge,
bewähren 3. Es empfiehlt sich demnach,
so früh wie möglich aktiv zu werden, um entlang des gesamten Weges
von Bewegung zu profitieren. Welch enormes Potenzial die frühe
Implementierung von Bewegung in die onkologische Versorgung haben könnte,
wurde nun in einer im British Journal of Sports Medicine erschienenen Arbeit von
Zylstra und Kollegen 4 demonstriert. Zylstra et
al. rekrutierten insgesamt 41 Patienten mit Speiseröhrenkarzinom, wovon 21
der Interventions- und 20 der Kontrollgruppe zugewiesen wurden. Im Gegensatz zur
ansonsten üblichen zufälligen Gruppenzuweisung (Randomisierung)
erfolgte die Zuweisung hier anhand des Wohnortes der Patienten.
Seltene Ursache für eine unzureichende Stoffwechseleinstellung
Authors: Harms Marlen , Beier Bernhard , Müssig Karsten
Published: June 2023

Eine unzureichende Blutglukose-Stoffwechseleinstellung bei Menschen mit Diabetes kann
unterschiedliche Ursachen haben. Dazu zählen bestimmte Arzneimittel, wie z.B. Kortikosteroide,
Betablocker oder Thiaziddiuretika, ebenso wie akute Erkrankungen wie schwere Infektionen,
Myokardinfarkt, Schlaganfall oder Bauchspeicheldrüsenerkrankungen. In der nachfolgenden
Fallbeschreibung möchten wir auf eine Ursache für eine Hyperglykämie hinweisen, die erst durch
eine sehr genaue Inspektion der im Rahmen des Diabetesmanagements verwendeten Materialien
aufgedeckt werden konnte.
Epidemiology of Surgically Treated Spinal Tumors: A Multicenter Surveillance Study of 9686 Patients from the German Spine Registry (DWG Register)
Authors: Walter Sebastian G. , Gaisendrees Christopher , Kernich Nikolaus , Weber Maximilian , Scheyerer Max J , Eysel Peer , Siewe Jan , Zarghooni Kourosh ,   DWG-Registry Study Group
Published: June 2023

Tumors of the spine are challenging in terms of diagnoses and interdisciplinary treatment. This study was conducted to evaluate and characterize a large multicenter cohort of surgically treated spine tumor patients.

Data of the German Spine Society (DWG) were used to characterize a cohort of all surgically treated spine tumor cases that were registered between 2017 and 2021. Subgroup analysis was performed for tumor entity, tumor localization, height of most severely affected segments, surgical treatment, and demographic parameters.

In total, there were 9686 cases, of which 6747 were “malignant”, 1942 were “primary benign”, 180 were “tumor-like lesions”, and 488 were “other” spinal tumors. Subgroups showed differences in number of affected segments as well as localization. There were further significant differences in surgical complication rates (p = 0.003), age (p < 0.001), morbidity (p < 0.001), and duration of surgery (p = 0.004).

This is a representative study on spinal tumors from a large spine registry and allows for the epidemiological characterization of surgically treated tumor subgroups and quality control of registry data.
Rehabilitation after Injuries of the Musculoskeletal System Sustained
During Fitness Training
Authors: Lang Chaochun
Published: June 2023

The relevance of this study comes from the fact that with the growing popularity
of fitness training, the number of injuries is also increasing. Injuries
sustained during fitness activity can result in interruptions to one's
daily life, loss of income, temporary or permanent disability. Along with
physical discomfort, injuries sustained during physical activity lead to
post-traumatic emotional reactions, often associated with depression, tension,
anger and low self-esteem. All of these factors contribute to a deterioration in
the overall quality of life of people who initially strive for an active and
healthy lifestyle. Therefore, this article aims to identify effective techniques
for the swift recovery process following injuries sustained during fitness
activities. This treatment should include not only the physical but also the
psycho-emotional aspect of rehabilitation. The leading investigation approach
was a comprehensive theoretical research method, which led to the development of
an innovative approach to rehabilitation after fitness injuries. The uniqueness
of this method is that it was both individually oriented and universally
accessible, regardless of the condition of the injured person. The study
presents statistics of injuries and their classification after fitness sessions
describes characteristic psycho-emotional disorders associated with
post-traumatic syndrome, outlines methods of rehabilitation and substantiates
its use for effective comprehensive recovery of people striving to lead an
active life. The materials of this article are of practical value for trainers
of fitness centres of all specialisations, doctors of rehabilitation centres,
family doctors, and physiotherapists, who will be able to apply this method of
rehabilitation directly and thus improve the quality of life of the patient,
helping them to regain an active lifestyle and restore their psycho-emotional
health.
Pterional Approach for Anterior Skull Base Midline Meningiomas against “The More The Merrier” Approach: An Institutional Experience
Authors: Gowtham Matham , Gowda Akhilesh G.B. , Rajeev Sreenath Prabha , Abraham Mathew , Easwer H.V.
Published: June 2023

Objective Anterior midline skull base meningiomas involving olfactory groove, planum sphenoidale, and tuberculum sellae were usually managed with bifrontal craniotomy until the dawn of advanced microsurgical techniques. With the emergence of microsurgical techniques, midline meningiomas could be tackled solely from a unilateral pterional approach. We present our experience with pterional approach in managing anterior skull base midline meningiomas, including the technical nuances and outcomes.

Methods Fifty-nine patients who underwent excision of anterior skull base midline meningiomas through a unilateral pterional craniotomy between 2015 and 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The surgical technique and patient outcomes in the context of visual, behavioral, olfaction, and quality of life were evaluated during the follow-up.

Results A total of 59 consecutive patients were assessed over an average follow-up period of 26.6 months. Twenty-one (35.5%) patients had planum sphenoidale meningioma. Olfactory groove and tuberculum sellae meningioma groups consist of 19 (32%) patients each. Visual disturbance was the predominant symptom with almost 68% of patients presented with it. A total of 55 (93%) patients had complete excision of the tumor with 40 patients (68%) achieving Simpson grade II excision, and 11 (19%) patients had Simpson grade I excision. Among operated cases, 24 patients (40%) had postoperative edema among which 3 (5%) patients had irritability and 1 patient had diffuse edema requiring postoperative ventilation. Only 15 (24.6%) patients had contusion of the frontal lobe and were managed conservatively. Five patients (50%) with seizures had an association with contusion. Sixty-seven percent of patients had improvements in vision and 15% of patients had a stable vision. Only eight (13%) patients had postoperative focal deficits. Ten percent of patients had new-onset anosmia. The average Karnofsky score was improved. Only two patients had recurrence during follow-up.

Conclusion A unilateral pterional craniotomy is a versatile approach for the excision of anterior midline skull base meningioma, even for the larger lesions. The ability of this approach in the visualization of posterior neurovascular structures at the earlier stages of surgery while avoiding the opposite frontal lobe retraction and frontal sinus opening makes this approach more preferable over the other approaches.
Current and Future Developments in Wound Healing
Authors: Davis Morgan , Hom David
Published: June 2023

Poor wound healing on the face and neck can lead to significant morbidity and dissatisfaction in facial plastic surgery. With current advances in wound healing management and commercially available biologic and tissue-engineered products, there are several options available to optimize acute wound healing and treat delayed or chronic wounds. This article summarizes some of the key principals and recent developments in wound healing research in addition to potential future advancements in the field of soft tissue wound healing.
Cybersecurity threats and vulnerabilities experienced by small-scale African migrant traders in Southern Africa
Authors: Kariuki Paul , Ofusori Lizzy Oluwatoyin , Subramaniam Prabhakar Rontala
Published: June 2023

Cybersecurity threats have increased as the world becomes increasingly interconnected. Whilst the use of technology to facilitate commercial activities is now common practice, there is a need to limit exposure to these threats so that traders can transact safely. This study aimed to identify and analyse common cybersecurity vulnerabilities and threats experienced by small-scale African migrant traders in Southern Africa. A qualitative approach was employed and semi-structured and key informant interviews were conducted to gather the primary data, with secondary data sourced from the relevant literature. The study found that the majority of the small-scale traders experienced hacking while using their mobile devices for transacting. Moreover, most reported a lack of knowledge of cybersecurity and were therefore vulnerable to further threats. It is recommended that small-scale traders be capacitated with relevant technical information to enhance their understanding of cybersecurity risks that can negatively affect their commercial activities. There is also a need for further research to identify mitigation techniques and infrastructure to protect small-scale traders.
In-plane heterostructured MoN/Mo2N nanosheets as high-efficiency electrocatalysts for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Luo Xiuen , Song Hao , Ren Yulei , Zhang Xuming , Huo Kaifu , Chu Paul K.
Published: June 2023

Economical and efficient electrocatalysts are crucial to the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in water splitting to produce hydrogen. Heterostructured electrocatalysts generally exhibit enhanced HER catalytic activity due to the strong electron coupling effects and synergistic optimization of hydrogen adsorption–desorption. Herein, in-plane heterostructured MoN/Mo2N nanosheets are fabricated as high-efficiency HER electrocatalysts in the alkaline medium from bulk MoS2 by molten salt-assisted synthesis. Density-functional theory calculations and experiments show that the in-plane heterostructured MoN/Mo2N nanosheets facilitate interfacial electron redistribution from Mo2N to MoN, giving rise to more negative H2O adsorption energy and optimal hydrogen adsorption free energy (ΔGH* = −0.017 eV). Consequently, a low overpotential of 126 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a small Tafel slope of 69.5 mV dec−1 are achieved in the 1M KOH electrolyte, demonstrating excellent HER characteristics. Moreover, the overpotential shows negligible change after operating at 50 mA cm−2 for 12 h, confirming the excellent stability. The results reveal a novel and effective strategy to design highly efficient 2D in-plane heterostructured HER electrocatalysts for water splitting.
Minimal conditions for solidification and thermal processing of colloidal gels
Authors: Fenton Scott M. , Padmanabhan Poornima , Ryu Brian K. , Nguyen Tuan T. D. , Zia Roseanna N. , Helgeson Matthew E.
Published: June 2023

Colloidal gelation is used to form processable soft solids from a wide range of functional materials. Although multiple gelation routes are known to create gels of different types, the microscopic processes during gelation that differentiate them remain murky. A fundamental question is how the thermodynamic quench influences the microscopic driving forces of gelation, and determines the threshold or minimal conditions where gels form. We present a method that predicts these conditions on a colloidal phase diagram, and mechanistically connects the quench path of attractive and thermal forces to the emergence of gelled states. Our method employs systematically varied quenches of a colloidal fluid over a range of volume fractions to identify minimal conditions for gel solidification. The method is applied to experimental and simulated systems to test its generality toward attractions with varied shapes. Using structural and rheological characterization, we show that all gels incorporate elements of percolation, phase separation, and glassy arrest, where the quench path sets their interplay and determines the shape of the gelation boundary. We find that the slope of the gelation boundary corresponds to the dominant gelation mechanism, and its location approximately scales with the equilibrium fluid critical point. These results are insensitive to potential shape, suggesting that this interplay of mechanisms is applicable to a wide range of colloidal systems. By resolving regions of the phase diagram where this interplay evolves in time, we elucidate how programmed quenches to the gelled state could be used to effectively tailor gel structure and mechanics.