bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anodic Behavior of Aluminum Alloy AM4.5Mg1 of the Duralumin Type, Alloyed with Praseodymium, in a NaCl Solution
Authors: Ganiev I.N. , Saidov M.M. , Faizulloev U.N. , Khojanazarov Kh.M.
Published: December 2024

The history of the use of aluminum for construction and aircraft goes back to the years before the First World War. On the eve of this war, the famous German designer Count Zeppelin developed a project for a large rigid airship. However, it turned out that it was impossible to make its frame from wood, since it turned out to be heavy and fragile. Aluminum was the best choice, but it was too soft. And then a fundamental decision was made to use duralumin, a light and durable aluminum-based alloy, invented in 1909 by the German chemist Wilm, in the designs of aeronautics. After the city of Duren, where it was possible to establish the production of the new metal, it was called duralumin or duralumin. Duralumin belongs to the category of structural alloys, which are characterized by increased strength. They are based on aluminum. Copper, manganese, and magnesium are used as additives in different percentages. The properties of duralumin depend on the heat treatment and the amount of added alloying elements. The article presents the results of a study of the effect of praseodymium on the anodic behavior of aluminum alloy AM4.5Mg1 of the duralumin type in a NaCl electrolyte environment. The study of the corrosion-electrochemical behavior of alloys was carried out by potentiodynamic mode with a potential sweep rate of 2 mV/s. It has been shown that the addition of praseodymium reduces the rate of anodic corrosion of the original alloy AM4.5Mg1 of the duralumin type by 20…30 %. It has been established that an increase in the concentration of chloride ion promotes an increase in the rate of anodic corrosion, regardless of the praseodymium content in the AM4.5Mg1.
Promising Directions for Research into Internal Corrosion of Gas Pipelines in Carbon Dioxide Environments
Authors: Zapevalov D.N. , Vagapov R.K. , Ibatullin K.A.
Published: December 2024

The problem of combating internal corrosion is relevant at gas facilities in the conditions of production and transportation of hydrocarbons with the presence of aggressive CO2.The article discusses the main conditions for the occurrence of carbon dioxide corrosion in a gas pipeline, the operating conditions of which will differ from oil fields (the degree of filling of the pipe space with the liquid phase and the aggregate state of the main produced fluids - oil and gas/gas condensate).This will influence corrosion manifestations, which requires special consideration and approach to modeling corrosion tests for gas pipeline conditions.

The study of corrosion processes that occur during transportation of gas with the presence of a liquid phase through a gas pipeline served as the basis for the development of two corrosion stands that allow for simulation tests under carbon dioxide corrosion conditions characteristic of the main gas fields of the Russian Federation. With their help, the most intense corrosion effects are reproduced, corresponding to the parameters and modes of movement of gas-liquid media: liquid circulation and variable wetting of the gas pipeline wall, which lead to the prevention of the formation or destruction of films of corrosion products, which causes the formation of general and local corrosion damage on steel.

The ability to reproduce on both corrosion stands the nature of the movement of the liquid phase, thermobaric conditions and the chemical composition of water corresponding to real environments makes it possible to simulate in the laboratory dynamic corrosion conditions inside the gas pipeline of the production and transportation facilities of untreated gas of PJSC Gazprom. In test stands, the main parameters that influence internal carbon dioxide corrosion are set and regulated: temperature, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, mineral composition of the aqueous phase or dynamic conditions for the transfer of liquid phase flow through a pipeline.

An analysis of the corrosion products obtained after testing using electron scanning microscopy and X-ray diffraction methods made it possible to establish the influence of corrosion conditions on the morphology of their formation.
Anodic Behavior of Aluminum Conductor Alloy AlV0.1 Doped with Lithium in a NaCl Solution Environment
Authors: Ganiev I.N. , Kurbonov D.Ch. , Khojanazarov Kh.M. , Jayloev J.H.
Published: December 2024

The corrosion-electrochemical behavior of the lithium-doped aluminum conductor alloy AlV0.1 in a NaCl solution was studied using the potentiostatic method at a potential sweep rate of 2 mV/s. The dependence of the change in the free corrosion potential on time for the original AlV0.1 alloy and alloys with lithium show a shift of the potential towards positive values. It is noted that an increase in lithium concentration leads to a shift in the potentials of free corrosion, repassivation and pitting to the region of positive values.

With an increase in the concentration of chloride ion in the NaCl solution, a shift to the negative region is observed in the values of the electrochemical potentials of the aluminum conductor alloy AlV0.1 with lithium additives. An increase in the concentration of chloride ion contributes to an increase in the corrosion rate of alloys, regardless of their composition. It has been shown that the addition of lithium reduces the corrosion rate of the aluminum conductor alloy AlV0.1 by 8…13% in a NaCl solution.
Methodological Aspects of Studying the Aggressiveness of Reservoir Media and the Conditions of Underground Gas Storage Facilities in Relation to Well Equipment and Pipelines
Authors: Vagapov R.K. , Ibatullin K.A.
Published: December 2024

Gas injected or withdrawn from underground gas storage facilities may contain carbon dioxide or hydrogen sulfide, which are corrosive to steel objects. However, until recently, virtually no attention was paid to the danger of internal corrosion in underground gas storage facilities. There have been no targeted studies on the durability of such steel objects that would take into account the peculiarities of their operation. Due to the fact that an important aspect for obtaining reliable data is the correct choice of research methods, methodological approaches have been developed and applied to study the main aggressive factors by analyzing operational parameters in underground gas storage facilities. The main task was to test methods for studying the durability of material design and the composition of sediments formed as a result of exposure of steel equipment and pipelines to corrosive gas components. Further comparison of the obtained data with operational characteristics made it possible to determine the mechanisms of destruction of steel objects in underground gas storage facilities. The study and processing of basic operating conditions (temperature, pressure, hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide content), analysis of precipitations using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, and metallographic studies of steel were carried out. The methodological approaches proposed by Gazprom VNIIGAZ LLC make it possible to objectively assess the dynamics of changes over time in temperature, pressure and content of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide, followed by the determination of the partial pressures of these gases and a preliminary assessment of the potential corrosivity of environments in underground gas storage facilities. Analysis of pipe or equipment materials makes it possible to determine the degree of influence of microstructure features on the general or local course of corrosion. Studying the morphology of sediments allows us to trace the development of internal corrosion processes. A set of studies carried out by Gazprom VNIIGAZ LLC makes it possible to develop and select the necessary measures to reduce the risk of internal corrosion of steel gas pipelines and equipment of underground gas storage facilities.
The Use of Expired Drug Anaprilin Against Corrosion of Carbon Steel
Authors: Bryksina V.A. , Tsygankova L.E. , Kur`yato N.A.
Published: December 2024

Environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors, also known as «green» inhibitors, have been used for the past decade. In the experiments in the field of corrosion inhibition. Scientific research is actively conducted on the use of expired medicines as «green» corrosion inhibitors of metals and alloys. In this work, the inhibitory effect of the expired pharmaceutical drug Anaprilin against corrosion of carbon steel St3 in 1H sulfuric acid solution was studied. The concentration of the drug varied within 20…80 mg/l. The research was carried out using gravimetry, potentiodynamic polarization, impedance spectroscopy, and electrochemical diffusion techniques. Gravimetric corrosion tests conducted at room temperature and 80 °C showed the protective effectiveness of the drug, reaching 90% at the highest concentration under study. The presence of Anaprilin in the solution causes a slowdown in the anodic partial electrode reaction and a decrease in the capacity of the electrical double layer. The adsorption isotherm of Anaprilin was determined and the change in free energy of adsorption was calculated. Anaprilin reduces the diffusion current of hydrogen through a steel membrane.
Investigation of predictors of latent visual impairment in patients with sellar lesions
Authors: Teramoto Shinichiro , Tahara Shigeyuki , Goto Hiromasa , Kodama Takuma , Watada Hirotaka , Kondo Akihide
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVE

Patients with sellar lesions compressing the optic nerve sometimes perceive visual improvement after lesion resection, despite the absence of visual impairment on preoperative ophthalmological examination. This study investigated the indicators of latent visual impairment in patients with sellar lesions.

METHODS

Forty-five patients who underwent surgery for sellar lesions compressing the optic nerve with no preoperative visual abnormalities and no change in visual assessment between pre- and postoperative ophthalmological examinations were divided into two groups: 1) patients who perceived recovery of visual function after lesion resection (the improved group), and 2) patients who did not (the unaffected group). Four assessments of optic nerve bending were compared between the groups: 1) coronal optic nerve bending height (CONBH), defined as the vertical distance between the highest apex of the bending optic chiasm and the line connecting the endpoints of the optic nerve on the coronal image; 2) coronal optic nerve bending angle (CONBA), defined as the internal angle formed by the intersection of lines parallel to the left and right optic nerves at the greatest bending section of the optic chiasm on the coronal image; 3) sagittal optic nerve bending height (SONBH), defined as the vertical distance between the highest apex of the bending optic chiasm and the extension line of the optic nerve course in the optic canal on the sagittal image; and 4) sagittal optic nerve bending angle (SONBA), defined as the internal angle formed by the intersection of the line connecting the optic canal entrance level and the highest apex of the bending optic chiasm and the extension line of the optic nerve course in the optic canal on the sagittal image.

RESULTS

Of the 45 patients, 21 were assigned to the improved group and 24 to the unaffected group. CONBH, CONBA, SONBH, and SONBA showed significant differences between the groups (all p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that only SONBA was a significant independent predictor of perceived visual recovery after resection of sellar lesions (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.03–5.10; p = 0.042). The optimal cutoff point of SONBA for perceiving visual recovery was identified as 30° (specificity 1.000, sensitivity 0.952).

CONCLUSIONS

Angle assessment of optic nerve bending due to compression caused by sellar lesions on the sagittal image may be useful in identifying sellar lesions with latent visual impairment.
A propensity score–matched comparison between single-stage and multistage anterior/posterior lumbar fusion surgery: a Michigan Spine Surgery Improvement Collaborative study
Authors: Chaker Anisse N. , Melhem Michael , Kagithala Dheeraj , Telemi Edvin , Mansour Tarek R. , Simo Leticia , Springer Kylie , Schultz Lonni , Jarabek Kari , Rademacher Anneliese F. , Brennan Matthew , Kim Enoch , Nerenz David R. , Khalil Jad G. , Easton Richard , Perez-Cruet Miguelangelo , Aleem Ilyas , Park Paul , Soo Teck , Tong Doris , Abdulhak Muwaffak , Schwalb Jason M. , Chang Victor
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVE

Patients undergoing anterior/posterior lumbar fusion surgery can undergo either a single-stage or multistage operation, depending on surgeon preference. The goal of this study was to assess different patient outcomes between single-stage and multistage lumbar fusion procedures in a multicenter setting.

METHODS

The Michigan Spine Surgery Improvement Collaborative database was queried for anterior/posterior lumbar fusion surgeries between July 2018 and January 2022. Patients who underwent either single-stage or multistage procedures were included. For multistage procedures, the first surgery included both anterior lumbar interbody fusions and lateral lumbar interbody fusions. Primary outcomes included postoperative complications and improvement in patient-reported outcomes: Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function, EQ-5D, and satisfaction. The two cohorts were propensity score matched, while Poisson generalized estimating equation models were used for multivariate analyses.

RESULTS

After one-to-one propensity score matching, 355 patients were identified in the single-stage and multistage cohorts. Single-stage procedures were associated with a lower risk of complications (p = 0.024), fewer emergency department visits (p = 0.029), and higher patient satisfaction after 1 year (p = 0.026) and 2 years (p = 0.007), compared with multistage procedures. After adjusting for baseline patient and operative characteristics, patients undergoing multistage procedures had a higher risk of complications (relative risk [RR] 1.17, 95% CI 1.02–1.34; p = 0.026), were less likely to be satisfied after 1 year (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.74–0.93; p < 0.001), and were less likely to experience improvement in back pain after 90 days (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.75–0.99; p = 0.039) and 2 years (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.60–0.96; p = 0.023).

CONCLUSIONS

The authors observed that patients who undergo lumbar fusion surgery using a multistage approach have higher postoperative complication rates and are less likely to report satisfaction compared with a matched, single-stage procedure cohort.
Assessing the prognostic impact of body composition phenotypes on surgical outcomes and survival in patients with spinal metastasis: a deep learning approach to preoperative CT analysis
Authors: Khalid Syed I. , Massaad Elie , Shin John H.
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVE

The prognostic significance of body composition phenotypes for survival in patients undergoing surgical intervention for spinal metastases has not yet been elucidated. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of body composition phenotypes on surgical outcomes and 5-year survival.

METHODS

The records of patients treated surgically for spinal metastases between 2010 and 2020 were retrospectively evaluated. A deep learning pipeline assessed preoperative CT scans obtained within 3 months of surgery and identified muscle and fat content and composition. These data were used to categorize patients into 4 body composition phenotypic groups: 1) not sarcopenic, not obese; 2) sarcopenia alone; 3) obesity alone; and 4) sarcopenic obesity (SO). The groups were matched using a comprehensive propensity-matching procedure. Rates of postoperative outcomes and survival were evaluated. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the influence of body composition phenotypes on 5-year survival. Kaplan-Meier plots were used to evaluate survival probability further.

RESULTS

Following a propensity-matching procedure, 102 matched patient records were identified (not sarcopenic, not obese, n = 24; sarcopenia alone, n = 27; obesity alone, n = 37; and SO, n = 14). SO was found to be associated with a significantly increased mortality risk within 60 months (HR 3.27, 95% CI 1.43–7.48). Kaplan-Meier plots demonstrate evident divergence in survival probability within 5 years among patients in the SO group compared to the others (log-rank test, p = 0.022). Additionally, time to death was also lower in patients with SO (p = 0.018). Significant differences in postoperative ambulation rates were noted among patients with SO (p = 0.048), whereas no preoperative difference existed (p = 0.12). No significant differences in postoperative disposition, length of hospital stay, wound-related complications, or inpatient medical complications were otherwise noted (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

This study identifies SO as a distinct prognostic factor for increased mortality risk in patients undergoing surgery for spinal metastases, highlighting the complex interplay between body composition and patient outcomes. These findings advocate for integrating body composition analysis into preoperative assessment and tailored postoperative care strategies, promoting personalized treatment plans to improve survival and quality of life for this vulnerable patient population.
Stability analysis of neutral Volterra integro-differential equation
Authors: Fedakar Burcu , Amirali İlhame
Published: December 2024

The study establishes the stability bounds of the second-order neutral Volterra integro-differential equation concerning both the right-side and initial conditions. The examples are given to show the applicability of the method and confirm the predicted theoretical analysis.
Ideal theory of $(m, n)$-near rings
Authors: Mohammadi Fahime , Davvaz Bijan
Published: December 2024

The aim of this research work is to define and characterize a new class of $n$-ary algebras that we call $(m,n)$-near rings. We investigate the notions of $i$-$R$-groups, $i$-$(m, n) $-near field, prime ideals, primary ideals and subtractive ideals of $(m,n)$-near rings. We describe the concept of homomorphisms between $ (m, n) $-near rings that preserve the $(m, n)$-near ring structure, and give some results in this respect.
Fault location on overhead power lines using multi-hypothesis sequential analysis and the Armitage algorithm
Authors: Kulikov A. L. , Ilyushin P. V. , Loskutov A. A.
Published: December 2024

The use of modern methods for determining the fault location (FL) on overhead power lines (OHРLs), which have high accuracy and high speed, allows you to quickly find and repair damage. Various physical principles and algorithms for calculating the distance to the site of damage are used in FL OHРLs devices from different manufacturers. Some of algorithms for FL on OHРLs use the emergency mode parameters (EMP), other algorithms use measurement results based on wave methods. Many random factors that determine the magnitude of the error in calculating the distance to the FL affect the operation of FL devices by EMP. Methods based on deterministic procedures used in well-known FL devices for OHРLs do not take into account the influence of random factors, which significantly increases the time to search for the fault. The authors have developed a new method of FL on OHРLs using multi-hypothesis sequential analysis and the Armitage algorithm. The task of recognizing a faulted section of an OHРL is formulated as a statistical problem. To do this, the inspection area of the OHРL is divided into many sections, followed by the implementation of the procedure for FL. The developed method makes it possible to adapt the distortions of currents and voltages on the emergency mode oscillograms to the conditions for estimating their parameters. The results of the calculations proved that the implementation of the developed method has practically no effect on the speed of the FL algorithm for the OHРL by EMP. This ensures the uniqueness of determining the faulted section of the OHРL under the influence of random factors, which leads to a significant reduction in the inspection area of the OHРL. The application of the developed method in FL devices for OHРLs will ensure the required reliability of power supply to consumers and reduce losses from power outages by minimizing the time to search for a fault.
Influence of Metal Structure and Plastic Deformation on Non-Linear Acoustic Parameter
Authors: Vanyagin A. V. , Ilyakhinsky A. V. , Rodyushkin V. M.
Published: December 2024

The practical task of samples control from various metals using principles of nonlinear acoustics is solved. A surface acoustic wave (surfactant) was used for control, the propagation process of which, due to nonlinear effects, is accompanied by generation of a doubled frequency. An experimental device is used to monitor the structural state of the sample metal by recording a change in a nonlinear acoustic parameter. To excite surfactants, a wedge converter with a resonance frequency of 1 MHz was used. The past wave was recorded by a wedge transducer with a resonance frequency of 2 MHz. It has been shown that NAP for tested materials in the initial state has different significance not only for materials belonging to different classes, but also for materials belonging to the same structural class with different chemical composition (12X17G9AN4 and 12Х18Н10Т). Plastic deformation by 2% does not lead to a change in NAP for alloy AMg6 and steels 12X17G9AN4, 20X13N4G9 and 10XSND. The change as a result of plastic deformation by 2% NAP for stainless steels 12X18N10T and 08X17N4M3 is due to a change in their phase composition associated with martensitic transformation. The presented data on the change in NAP from early stages of elastoplastic deformation to pre-destruction for AMg6 and 10XSND demonstrate the possibility of its use as a prognostic criterion for the limit state of the material.
Dynamics of a Spherical Cavity in a Cavitating Liquid with a Continuously Changing Concentration of Cavitation Nurses
Authors: Kedrinsky V. K. , Cherevko A. A.
Published: December 2024

An equation was obtained and the problem of the dynamics of the formation and radiation of a quasi-empty pulsating spherical cavity in a cavitating liquid under the influence of the changing speed of sound in the cavitation zone and the concentration of cavitation nuclei was solved for the first time. Data on the dynamics of the cavity, on radiation and the speed of collapse for the spectrum of internal initial pressure values showed that at the maximum concentration of the gas phase, the pulsations differ in the degree of compression. They have almost the same character — after the first collapse, only one half-cycle occurs, reaching different constant equilibrium radii. The condition of equality of pressure in the cavitation zone and inside the spherical cavity at its boundary made it possible for the first time to establish a dynamic relationship between the volumetric concentration (speed of sound) in the cavitation zone and the radius of the spherical cavity. When calculating and constructing a solution, the condition changes, according to which the initial size of the cavity takes on a value corresponding to the value of the initial pressure. The dependences of the radiation amplitude over the entire range of applied pressures were plotted. It turned out that the radiation amplitude increases by 5 orders of magnitude when the initial pressure in the cavity changes by 3 orders of magnitude from 10–2 atm to 10–5 atm.
Physical Modeling of the Method of Coherent Probing of Low-Contrast Bottom Layers in a Laboratory Pool
Authors: Kalinina V. I. , Vyugin P. N. , Kapustin I. A.
Published: December 2024

Under laboratory conditions, experimental verification of the developed algorithms for the reconstruction of low-contrast bottom layers during their coherent sensing was carried out. The algorithms use parametric models for generating signals reflected from a layered half-space in the form of a set of elastic layers. To solve the problem at the Department of Acoustics of Nizhny Novgorod State University named after. N. I. Lobachevsky created an experimental setup for the formation, emission and reception of high-resolution sound pulses reflected from a set of elastic layers placed in a pool of water. The experimental study showed the possibility of using the coherent sensing method for layered media with relatively similar acoustic parameters. As a result of processing the data obtained during the experiment in a laboratory pool, good agreement was shown between the developed computational model of the reflection of sounding acoustic pulse signals from a layered bottom and physical modeling data. It is shown that based on the analysis of the plane of geoacoustic parameters of a specific problem using the developed numerical model, the capabilities of a promising method for coherent diagnostics of low-contrast bottom layers can be assessed.
Application of Low-Frequency Acoustic Signals to Study Underwater Gas Seepage
Authors: Kosteev D. A. , Bogatov N. A. , Ermoshkin A. V. , Kapustin I. A. , Molkov A. A. , Razumov D. D. , Salin M. B.
Published: December 2024

Remote sensing of seeps, the release of gas (mainly methane) from the seabed, is an urgent task. The importance of detecting seeps in Arctic shelf zone region is constantly growing due to the degradation of underwater permafrost and the release of gas hydrates. Gas bubbles scatter underwater sound and their resonant frequencies correspond are in the kilohertz range for seeps observed in nature. A promising method for detecting and studying seeps is probing with underwater sound near the denoted resonant frequency. This corresponds to a decrease in the operating frequency relative to the traditional method of studying high-frequency sonars, so the proposed method will be classified as low-frequency in this study. This method expands the study area due to the low sound attenuation in water and the high scattering level near at bubble resonances. Estimates of the scattering strength were carried out taking into account collective interaction (group effects) of bubles. The possibility of using low-frequency hydroacoustic systems to detect seeps has been demonstrated using the results of a full-scale experiment using a simulated bubble jet as an example. A data processing method for detecting nonstationary scatterers is proposed.
“Mollusk-19” and “Mollusk-21” Autonomous Vertical Acoustic-Hydrophysical Measuring Systems
Authors: Rutenko A. N. , Kovzel D. G. , Gritsenko V. A.
Published: December 2024

Autonomous vertical acoustic-hydrophysical measuring systems "Mollusk-19" and "Mollusk-21" are designed to study spatio-temporal inhomogeneities of the sound speed field and mode structures of low-frequency sound fields and internal waves. The article provides a description of circuit, design and software solutions that provided a solution to the main task posed during the development of new systems — improving their performance qualities. The possibilities of using systems to solve problems are illustrated by the results of field measurements carried out on the shelf of Posiet Bay in the Sea of Japan.
Water regime specifics in the upper Sviyaga River and its tributaries upon karst development
Authors: Zhukov I. A. , Aybulatov D. N.
Published: December 2024

At present, the hydrological characteristics of small rivers are understudied in Russia. Taking into account the increasing deterioration of the ecological state of surface watercourses, which primarily affects the intra-annual distribution of water runoff on small and medium-sized rivers, in particular, the study of runoff formation, its variability and intra-annual changes become the most important task of hydrology. The paper considers changes in the indicators of intra-annual distribution of river flow in the upper reaches of the Sviyaga River in the almost complete absence of knowledge of changes in the flow of small and medium-sized rivers in the study area. It was necessary to identify what changes the water runoff from small and medium-sized rivers undergoes in the upper reaches of the Sviyaga River, which is complicated by the occurrence of karst. The paper presents an analysis of the intra-annual distribution of water runoff, and natural factors that have the maximum effect on the intra-annual distribution of water runoff for rivers in the study area, as well as its assessment against the background of climate change. The identified types of water regime are described. Based on the research results, a typification of rivers is proposed according to the annual water flow and zoning of cross-sections by river types. The intra-annual distribution of water levels and discharges are analyzed, the factors influencing them are assessed, and the most significant of them are identified.
Geoenvironmental specifics in the microtidal mouths of small rivers with deltas in the Russian Arctic Zone during the summer-fall low water season by the example of the Kad River mouth, the White Sea
Authors: Miskevich I. V. , Moseev D. S. , Yakovlev A. E.
Published: December 2024

The hydrological, hydrochemical and hydrobiological conditions of the Kad River mouth are considered that flows to the Sukhoe More lagoon, the Dvina Bay, the White Sea. It is revealed that suspension sedimentation is most developed in the river delta and on its shallow estuarine seashore. Extensive thickets of halophytes are formed in these areas, and the maximum accumulation of heavy metals is noted in bottom sediments. Manganese, zinc and nickel show the highest concentrations in the bottom sediments within the Kadi River mouth. A similar pattern is observed for the snow cover pollution in the considered area (the southwestern part of the Belomorsko-Kuloiskoe plateau). This indicates a significant contribution of snow to the heavy metal accumulation in the estuary area of the Kadi River and the adjacent section of the Sukhoe More lagoon. Perhaps this situation is typical for the river mouths in the Arctic zone. Under the observed climate warming, the processes noted in the Kadi River mouth suggest that they will lead to waterlogging and a reducing the lagoon area in the micro-tidal estuaries of the rivers of the Arctic seas. They will accumulate suspended material carried out with river runoff during the destruction of permafrost soils. It can contain both biogenic substances that contribute to an increase in the trophic capacity of estuarine ecosystems, and toxic substances that limit their development. At the same time, marginal filters of the estuaries of the rivers in the Arctic islands will increase their spatial extent within the lagoons, primarily due to coagulation-sorption and biological stages.
Geobotanical indication of the drained state of disturbed peatlands for fire hazard assessment
Authors: Orlov T. V. , Arkhipova M. V. , Bondar V. V. , Razumovsky R. O. , Smagin V. A. , Shakhmatov K. L.
Published: December 2024

The issue of fire hazard in abandoned peatlands is particularly relevant nowadays, as the negative consequences of peatland fires lead to deterioration in public health and the functioning of the entire infrastructure system. The problem of predicting and assessing peat burning is a global one, with numerous studies being conducted not only in Russia but also abroad, i. e., in CIS countries, Southeast Asia, Canada, and the United States. However, the relationship between vegetation communities and the frequency of fires receives insufficient attention. The study is devoted to assessing the condition of degraded peatlands using geobotanical indicators of peat soils on the example of peatlands in Leningrad and Pskov regions. Three key objects were selected, which represent abandoned peat deposits. The methodology for assessing the fire hazard of peatlands is based on a comprehensive approach, including the creation of large-scale vegetation maps using a series of satellite images and field geobotanical descriptions, and the analysis of fires on objects for the period from 2000 to 2023 using satellite images and thermal data. As a result of the study, maps of fire frequency and duration and maps of natural-territorial complexes for each plot were obtained. The analysis of the relationship between vegetation communities and the frequency of fires showed that the species composition of the communities correlates relatively well with the time elapsed since the date of the last fire, and to a lesser extent with the duration of the fires. Indicative relationships between fire frequency and vegetation cover are quite strong, so the type of vegetation cover can be used as an indicator of fire frequency on a peatland. On territories with peat bogs with a sparse birch forest, fire occurs at least once every 5 years. On territories with sphagnum associations and reed swamp associations, fire occurs no more than once every 20 years.
Fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration: types, composition, and leaching of heavy metals
Authors: Yuganova T. I. , Putilina V. S.
Published: December 2024

The problems of heavy metals (HM) leaching from fly ash (FA) produced by municipal solid waste incineration during its burial or use are considered. The composition, chemical properties and mineralogy of FA are described, experiments on leaching from FA in waste incinerators and in buried FA are considered, the risk from HM release is assessed, and the results of calculation and modeling of HM leaching coefficients are presented.
Methodological bases for assessing geoenvironmental and socioeconomic conditions of optimal allocation of MSW landfills
Authors: Zaikanov V. G. , Minakova T. B. , Buldakova E. V.
Published: December 2024

The issues of solid municipal waste (MSW) management are very urgent now due to the increasing accumulation of MSW amount along with rapidly rising urban population. Despite all the efforts undertaken for developing a high-tech infrastructure for waste treatment and disposal, a significant part of it is still disposed to landfills. The index of favorability for the MSW landfill allocation is determined on the basis of a comprehensive account of geoecological constraints and socioeconomic conditions; it reflects the regional differentiation between the administrative subjects of the Russian Federation. The suggested approach to assessing the subjects’ territory for the scientifically grounded placement of MSW landfills contributes to solving the problem of effective waste management.
Systemic inflammatory response from a metabolic perspective in patients with uterine cancer
Authors:   National Medical Research Center for Oncology, TUMANYAN S. V. , MOISEENKO T. I. ,   National Medical Research Center for Oncology, FRANTSIANTS E. M. ,   National Medical Research Center for Oncology, NEPOMNYASCHAYA E. M. ,   National Medical Research Center for Oncology, CHERNIKOVA N. V. ,   National Medical Research Center for Oncology, BANDOVKINA V. A. ,   National Medical Research Center for Oncology, CHERYARINA N. D. ,   National Medical Research Center for Oncology, MARKOVA YA. A. ,   Rostov State Medical University
Published: December 2024

The purpose is to evaluate the influence of the stage of malignant process on the patterns and mechanisms of systemic inflammatory response in patients with uterine corpus cancer.

Material and methods. Hematologic indices were determined in the blood of 108 patients with endometrioid cancer of the uterine corpus and 20 practically healthy women. Additionally, the mass of total adipose tissue, fat-free mass, and their ratio, as well as the ratio of sagittal diameter of the waist to the thigh, were investigated.

Results. The quantitative increase of hematologic indices was dependent on the stage of the malignant process. The rate of basic metabolism increased, indicating an increase in the body’s energy expenditure in response to tumor growth. This was due to an imbalance in energy expenditure, with an increase in the expenditure of fat mass and a disintegration of fat-free mass in patients.

Conclusion. The use of hematologic and anthropometric indices is recommended for the assessment of the systemic inflammatory response in patients with uterine corpus cancer, as well as for the development of pathogenetically justified concomitant therapy.
Results of echocardiography in young children born at the age of extremely early preterm birth: Are there any peculiarities?
Authors:   Ural Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, POKUSAYEVA O. S. , ZAKHAROVA S. YU. ,   Ural Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health
Published: December 2024

One of the important problems of premature babies is the state of the cardiovascular system, which provides blood circulation, blood supply to organs and optimal growth and development of children.

The purpose — to study the structural-geometric and functional features of heart in children of the first year of life, born at the age of extremely early premature birth (22-27.6 weeks) according to echocardiography data.

Material and methods. 51 children born at the age of extremely early premature birth were examined. The main group was divided into 2 subgroups. Subgroup 1 consisted of children weighing 500–750 g (n = 15). Subgroup 2 consisted of children weighing 751 g and more (n = 36). The comparison group included 28 children born at the gestational age of 32–36 weeks.

Results. In the first year of life, all observed children of the main group had clinical manifestations in the form of vegetative-vascular dysfunction syndrome (64.7%) and heart rhythm disturbances (62.75%). According to echocardiography, 60.8% of children showed functioning fetal communications, 78.4% of children had multiple abnormal chords of the left ventricle, and 51% had dysfunction of the valvular apparatus of the heart in the form of mitral regurgitation of the first degree and tricuspid regurgitation of the first and second degrees. It was found that during the first year of life, there is an increase in the spherization index of the heart chambers. 27.45% of children showed reduced indicators of systolic function of the heart.

Conclusion. In the observed children born at the term of extremely early premature birth, echocardiography reveals a high frequency of minor anomalies in the development of the heart, long-term persistence of fetal communications, remodeling of the heart with the formation of relative cardiomegaly, in the form of chambers spherization. The presented results indicate the need for cardiological monitoring, ultrasound examinations of the heart, and consultation with a cardiologist aimed at early detection of children in need of dispensary observation.
Exploration of a Combined Treatment Plan for Alleviating and Controlling the Progression of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
Authors: Fan Xiaole , Li Yuelong , Huang Guojun , Tao Qiqiang
Published: December 2024

PURPOSE: This article aims to discuss five medical intervention strategies required for patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and provide a reference for intervening in this challenging disease.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted to identify existing issues in the treatment of ALS patients. A comparative analysis was performed to examine the nature, characteristics, and methods of previous intervention approaches.

RESULTS: Early identification and intervention, the application of rational combined treatment approaches, the improvement of comprehensive physical and mental rehabilitation systems, and the exploration of new treatment strategies provide a guarantee for effective intervention treatment of ALS patients.

CONCLUSION: This article proposes the newly added combined treatment approach involving the elimination of excessive glutamate from the body, which is theoretically reasonable, safe, and simple to implement. This approach has the potential to enhance the therapeutic effects and improve the individual prognosis of ALS patients. Given the lack of specific therapeutic drugs, further research on an effective combined intervention approach remains necessary.
No Qualia? No Meaning (and no AGI)!
Authors: Masi Marco
Published: December 2024

The recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly in light of the impressive capabilities of transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs), have reignited the discussion in cognitive science regarding whether computational devices could possess semantic understanding or whether they are merely mimicking human intelligence. Recent research has highlighted limitations in LLMs’ reasoning, suggesting that the gap between mere symbol manipulation (syntax) and deeper understanding (semantics) remains wide open. While LLMs overcome certain aspects of the symbol grounding problem through human feedback, they still lack true semantic understanding, struggling with common-sense reasoning and abstract thinking. This paper argues that while adding sensory inputs and embodying AI through sensorimotor integration with the environment might enhance its ability to connect symbols to real-world meaning, this alone would not close the gap between syntax and semantics. True meaning-making also requires a connection to subjective experience, which current AI lacks. The path to AGI must address the fundamental relationship between symbol manipulation, data processing, pattern matching, and probabilistic best guesses with true knowledge that requires conscious experience. A transition from AI to AGI can occur only if it possesses conscious experience, which is closely tied to semantic understanding. Recognition of this connection could furnish new philosophical insights into longstanding practical and philosophical questions for theories in biology and cognitive science and provide more meaningful tests of intelligence than the Turing test.
CigTime: Corrective Instruction Generation Through Inverse Motion Editing
Authors: Fang Qihang , Tang Chengcheng , Tekin Bugra , Yang Yanchao
Published: December 2024

Recent advancements in models linking natural language with human motions have shown significant promise in motion generation and editing based on instructional text. Motivated by applications in sports coaching and motor skill learning, we investigate the inverse problem: generating corrective instructional text, leveraging motion editing and generation models. We introduce a novel approach that, given a user’s current motion (source) and the desired motion (target), generates text instructions to guide the user towards achieving the target motion. We leverage large language models to generate corrective texts and utilize existing motion generation and editing frameworks to compile datasets of triplets (source motion, target motion, and corrective text). Using this data, we propose a new motion-language model for generating corrective instructions. We present both qualitative and quantitative results across a diverse range of applications that largely improve upon baselines. Our approach demonstrates its effectiveness in instructional scenarios, offering text-based guidance to correct and enhance user performance.
Bridging the Language Divide in UK Paramedic Care: An Atomic Article Reviewing Challenges, Strategies, and Emerging Innovations
Authors: Ferdinand Joshua
Published: December 2024

This review synthesises evidence on how language barriers impact UK paramedic care, leading to reduced on-scene assessment times, delays in treatment, and potential errors in clinical decision-making. Paramedics often rely on strategies such as body language, basic keywords, and ad hoc interpreters, which may compromise care quality. Research highlights the need for professional interpretation services and digital communication tools to support accurate, equitable patient assessment and treatment. Emerging technologies, including translation apps, show promise but require further evaluation. Addressing language barriers is essential to ensuring fair, high-quality prehospital care for patients with limited English proficiency in the UK.
Research Priorities and Needs in Global Migrant Health: A Systematic Review of Reviews
Authors: Simkhada Padam , Mahato Preeti , van Teijlingen Edwin , Regmi Pramod , Aryal Nirmal , Manandhar Shraddha
Published: December 2024

_Aim_: Worldwide, the number of migrants is still increasing.  Most research is focused on refugees and irregular migrants to high-income countries, with less focus on migrants moving between low and middle-income countries. As migrant health is a public health priority, there is a need for conducting quality research and gathering information on the health needs of migrants. This review of reviews was undertaken to find research priorities, needs, and identify gaps in the literature on migrant health. 

_Methods_: A systematic search of several databases using various combinations of search terms found 1,769 articles (after removing duplicates). Twenty-two studies were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were extracted and synthesised and presented in a narrative analysis of common themes. 

_Results_: Most of the included articles were systematic reviews conducted in high-income countries and among heterogenous groups of migrants. The major health themes explored in these reviews were: health service use and accessibility; mental health; perinatal health; sexual and reproductive health; and occupational health. In our systematic review, we explored challenges to and limitations of existing migrant health research and offered suggestions for future research.

_Conclusion_: Migration and health are both complex phenomena, and so is the relationship between them. Most studies were cross-sectional; hence, there is a gap that should be filled with mixed-methods and longitudinal studies to further our knowledge of migrant health, and more research is needed on unexplored health issues. Priority should be given to conducting research in the countries of origin and in low-income countries.
Fusible glass-crystalline binder in the spodumene–manganese cordierite system
Authors:   Ukrainian State University of Science and Technologies, Polozhaj S.G. , Zaichuk O.V. ,   Ukrainian State University of Science and Technologies, Polozhaj A.G. ,   Ukrainian State University of Science and Technologies
Published: December 2024

Low-melting glass-crystalline materials with a low temperature coefficient of linear expansion (TCLE) are widely used in various engineering fields. These materials are utilized for joints, protective coatings, additives in sintering of ceramic materials, including as matrices for high-strength dispersion-reinforced materials based on oxygen-free silicon compounds. This paper presents the results of a study on glass-crystalline materials in the pseudo-binary spodumene–manganese cordierite system. Based on experimental data, a fusibility diagram was constructed. Crystalline phases formed during the cooling of the glass melts were identified using X-ray phase analysis and their crystallization tendency was evaluated. It was found that the crystallization ability of the glasses decreases with an increasing content of manganese cordierite. The most promising, low-melting glass composition was identified, with a LiAlSi2O6:Mg2Al4Si5O18 ratio of 30:70 wt.%. The glass formation temperature for this compostion lies in the range of 1200–12500C, and the practical melting temperature is 14500C. The synthesized glass exhibits softening and intensive crystallization onset temperatures of 7600C and 9600C, respectively. The TCLE of the glass is 34.910–7 0С–1. The primary crystalline phase, -spodumene, forms bundles of needle-like crystals 10–15 m in length within the residual glass phase, reducing the material’s TCLE to 20.910–7 0С–1. The developed material shows potential as a glass-crystalline binder for producing high-strength ceramic materials (wear-resistant and impact-resistant) based on SiC and Si3N4 with reduced sintering temperatures.