bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the impact of 2-OHOA-embedded liposomes on biophysical properties of cancer cell membranes via Laurdan two-photon microscopy imaging
Authors: Rui Xuehui , Okamoto Yukihiro , Fukushima Shuichiro , Morishita Watanabe Nozomi , Umakoshi Hiroshi
Published: July 2024

2-Hydroxyoleic acid (2-OHOA) has gained attention as a membrane lipid therapy (MLT) anti-cancer drug. However, in the viewpoint of anti-cancer drug, 2-OHOA shows poor water solubility and its effectiveness still has space for improvement. Thus, this study aimed to overcome the problems by formulating 2-OHOA into liposome dosage form. Furthermore, in the context of MLT reagents, the influence of 2-OHOA on the biophysical properties of the cytoplasmic membrane remains largely unexplored. To bridge this gap, our study specifically focused the alterations in cancer cell membrane fluidity and lipid packing characteristics before and after treatment. By using a two-photon microscope and the Laurdan fluorescence probe, we noted that liposomes incorporating 2-OHOA induced a more significant reduction in cancer cell membrane fluidity, accompanied by a heightened rate of cellular apoptosis when compared to the non-formulated 2-OHOA. Importantly, the enhanced efficacy of 2-OHOA within the liposomal formulation demonstrated a correlation with its endocytic uptake mechanism. In conclusion, our findings underscore the significant influence of 2-OHOA on the biophysical properties of cancer plasma membranes, emphasizing the potential of liposomes as an optimized delivery system for 2-OHOA in anti-cancer therapy.
Novel liquid biopsy CNV biomarkers in malignant melanoma
Authors: Lukacova E. , Hanzlikova Z. , Podlesnyi P. , Sedlackova T. , Szemes T. , Grendar M. , Samec M. , Hurtova T. , Malicherova B. , Leskova K. , Budis J. , Burjanivova T.
Published: July 2024

Malignant melanoma (MM) is known for its abundance of genetic alterations and a tendency for rapid metastasizing. Identification of novel plasma biomarkers may enhance non-invasive diagnostics and disease monitoring. Initially, we examined copy number variations (CNV) in CDK genes (CDKN2A, CDKN2B, CDK4) using MLPA (gDNA) and ddPCR (ctDNA) analysis. Subsequently, low-coverage whole genome sequencing (lcWGS) was used to identify the most common CNV in plasma samples, followed by ddPCR verification of chosen biomarkers. CNV alterations in CDK genes were identified in 33.3% of FFPE samples (Clark IV, V only). Detection of the same genes in MM plasma showed no significance, neither compared to healthy plasmas nor between pre- versus post-surgery plasma. Sequencing data showed the most common CNV occurring in 6q27, 4p16.1, 10p15.3, 10q22.3, 13q34, 18q23, 20q11.21-q13.12 and 22q13.33. CNV in four chosen genes (KIF25, E2F1, DIP2C and TFG) were verified by ddPCR using 2 models of interpretation. Model 1 was concordant with lcWGS results in 54% of samples, for model 2 it was 46%. Although CDK genes have not been proven to be suitable CNV liquid biopsy biomarkers, lcWGS defined the most frequently affected chromosomal regions by CNV. Among chosen genes, DIP2C demonstrated a potential for further analysis.
European beech spring phenological phase prediction with UAV-derived multispectral indices and machine learning regression
Authors: Krause Stuart , Sanders Tanja
Published: July 2024

Acquiring phenological event data is crucial for studying the impacts of climate change on forest dynamics and assessing the risks associated with the early onset of young leaves. Large-scale mapping of forest phenological timing using Earth observation (EO) data could enhance our understanding of these processes through an added spatial component. However, translating traditional ground-based phenological observations into reliable ground truthing for training and validating EO mapping applications remains challenging. This study explored the feasibility of predicting high-resolution phenological phase data for European beech (Fagus sylvatica) using unoccupied aerial vehicle (UAV)-based multispectral indices and machine learning. Employing a comprehensive feature selection process, we identified the most effective sensors, vegetation indices, training data partitions, and machine learning models for phenological phase prediction. The model that performed best and generalized well across various sites utilized Green Chromatic Coordinate (GCC) and Generalized Additive Model (GAM) boosting. The GCC training data, derived from the radiometrically calibrated visual bands of a multispectral sensor, were predicted using uncalibrated RGB sensor data. The final GCC/GAM boosting model demonstrated capability in predicting phenological phases on unseen datasets within a root mean squared error threshold of 0.5. This research highlights the potential interoperability among common UAV-mounted sensors, particularly the utility of readily available, low-cost RGB sensors. However, considerable limitations were observed with indices that implement the near-infrared band due to oversaturation. Future work will focus on adapting models to better align with the ICP Forests phenological flushing stages.
Wear simulation of UHMWPE against the different counterface roughness in reciprocating unidirectional sliding motion
Authors: Ting Chen , Weiguo Ma , Kaihui Zhu , Zilong Hu
Published: July 2024

Wear simulations of UHMWPE can economically and conveniently predict the performance of wear resistant bushings used for sealing or other reciprocating unidirectional sliding motion. In this study, pin on plate tribological experiments and microscopic analysis was done to obtained the wear profiles, wear volume and wear mechanism of UHMWPE against the counterface with different surface roughness of which Ra range is 0.03 ~ 2 μm. Meanwhile, the 3D wear simulation model of the pin on plate tribological experiments was established to discuss the adaptability of the energy and Archard wear model by analyzing the difference of wear profiles and wear volume between the experiment and simulation. The results indicate that with an increase in the counterface roughness, the wear simulation of UHMWPE estimated by the energy model were more accurate in reciprocating unidirectional sliding motion.
Association of the hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet score with the risk of Erectile dysfunction: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Chen Di , Chen Jinji , Zhou Qiufeng , Mi Hua , Liu Gang
Published: July 2024

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is related to nutritional and inflammatory factors. The hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet score (HALP), a new index reflecting the nutritional and inflammatory status, has been associated with a higher risk of diabetic retinopathy, particularly at lower values (≤ 42.9). However, studies focusing on the relationship between HALP and ED risk are scarce. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the association between HALP and ED. Data were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2001 and 2004. Based on self-reported data, participants were classified into either the ED group or the non-ED group. Next, the HALP score was categorized into four quartiles (Q1–4). Weighted multivariate regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between categorical HALP and ED risk. Additionally, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was conducted to examine the association between continuous HALP scores and ED risk. Furthermore, subgroup analyses were conducted to examine the association between categorical HALP and the risk of ED based on age, as well as the status of hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Finally, a mediation analysis was carried out to investigate the mediating effect of HALP and related parameters on the association between urinary cobalt levels and ED. Initially, the data of 21,161 participants were collected. After implementing the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 3406 participants were included in the final analyses. Weighted multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that the Q4 HALP group was associated with a lower risk of ED (OR 0.96, 95% confidence intervals 0.92–1.00, P = 0.037). Meanwhile, RCS analysis showed that HALP was nonlinearly associated with the risk of ED. In addition, subgroup analyses demonstrated that participants in the Q3/4 HALP group had a significantly lower ED risk than those in the Q1 group among patients aged ≥ 50 years, as well as those with hypertension and diabetes. Lastly, mediation analysis revealed that HALP and its associated parameters had a marginal average causal mediation effect on the relationship between urinary cobalt levels and ED risk (P > 0.05). In US adults, high HALP scores were correlated with a lower risk of ED. The relationship was more pronounced in participants aged ≥ 50 years with hypertension and diabetes. Furthermore, HALP and its parameters may not mediate the association between urinary cobalt levels and ED risk.
Exploring the chaotic structure and soliton solutions for (3 + 1)-dimensional generalized Kadomtsev–Petviashvili model
Authors: Nadeem Muhammad , Jingxia Ding , Tariq Kalim U. , Alsayaad Yahya
Published: July 2024

The study of the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) model is widely used for simulating several scientific phenomena, including the evolution of water wave surfaces, the processes of soliton diffusion, and the electromagnetic field of transmission. In current study, we explore some multiple soliton solutions of the (3+1)-dimensional generalized KP model via applying modified Sardar sub-equation approach (MSSEA). By extracting the novel soliton solutions, we can effectively obtain singular, dark, combo, periodic and plane wave solutions through a multiple physical regions. We also investigate the chaotic structure of governing model using the chaos theory. The behavior of the collected solutions is visually depicted to demonstrate the physical properties of the proposed model. The solutions obtained in this paper can expand the existing solutions of the (3+1)-dimensional KP model and enhance our understanding of the nonlinear dynamic behaviors. This approach allows for consistent and effective treatment of the computation process for nonlinear KP model.
Development of maximum relevant prior feature ensemble (MRPFE) index to characterize future drought using global climate models
Authors: Gul Atta , Qamar Sadia , Yousaf Mahrukh , Ali Zulfiqar , Alshahrani Mohammed , Hilali Shreefa O.
Published: July 2024

Drought is one of the foremost outcomes of global warming and global climate change. It is a serious threat to humans and other living beings. To reduce the adverse impact of drought, mitigation strategies as well as sound projections of extreme events are essential. This research aims to strengthen the robustness of anticipated twenty-first century drought by combining different Global Climate Models (GCMs). In this article, we develop a new drought index, named Maximum Relevant Prior Feature Ensemble index that is based on the newly proposed weighting scheme, called weighted ensemble (WE). In the application, this study considers 32 randomly scattered grid points within the Tibetan Plateau region and 18 GCMs of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) of precipitation. In this study, the comparative inferences of the WE scheme are made with the traditional simple model averaging (SMA). To investigate the trend and long-term probability of various classes, this research employs Markov chain steady states probability, Mann–Kendall trend test, and Sen’s Slope estimator. The outcomes of this research are twofold. Firstly, the comparative inference shows that the proposed weighting scheme has greater efficiency than SMA to conflate GCMs. Secondly, the research indicates that the Tibetan Plateau is projected to experience “moderate drought (MD)” in the twenty-first century.
Multi-objective optimization of custom implant abutment design for enhanced bone remodeling in single-crown implants using 3D finite element analysis
Authors: Poovarodom Pongsakorn , Rungsiyakull Chaiy , Suriyawanakul Jarupol , Li Qing , Sasaki Keiichi , Yoda Nobuhiro , Rungsiyakull Pimduen
Published: July 2024

The optimal configuration of a customized implant abutment is crucial for bone remodeling and is influenced by various design parameters. This study introduces an optimization process for designing two-piece zirconia dental implant abutments. The aim is to enhance bone remodeling, increase bone density in the peri-implant region, and reduce the risk of late implant failure. A 12-month bone remodeling algorithm subroutine in finite element analysis to optimize three parameters: implant placement depth, abutment taper degree, and gingival height of the titanium base abutment. The response surface analysis shows that implant placement depth and gingival height significantly impact bone density and uniformity. The taper degree has a smaller effect on bone remodeling. The optimization identified optimal values of 1.5 mm for depth, 35° for taper, and 0.5 mm for gingival height. The optimum model significantly increased cortical bone density from 1.2 to 1.937 g/cm3 in 2 months, while the original model reached 1.91 g/cm3 in 11 months. The standard deviation of density showed more uniform bone apposition, with the optimum model showing values 2 to 6 times lower than the original over 12 months. The cancellous bone showed a similar trend. In conclusion, the depth and taper have a significant effect on bone remodeling. This optimized model significantly improves bone density uniformity.
Evaluation of the effect of vascularized fibula graft harvesting on coronal plane alignment and functional outcomes of the lower limb
Authors: Aydın Abdurrahman , Baydar Mehmet , Ünkar Ethem Ayhan , Erbaş Anıl , Üçpunar Hanifi , Yapıcı Furkan , Gür Volkan , Öztürk Kahraman
Published: July 2024

Recent studies on fibular osteotomy for varus gonarthrosis and possible subsequent biomechanical changes have attracted increasing attention to the topic. Existing studies have focused mainly on proximal fibular osteotomy with short follow-up periods. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the alignment of the coronal plane of the ankle and knee joints in patients who underwent vascularized fibula graft harvest (VFGH). The evaluation was based on functional outcomes and radiological measurements.In the comparison between the VFGH side and the contralateral side, no significant differences in the knee inclination (KI) or talar inclination (TI) angle, knee medial clear space (K-MCS) or ankle medial clear space (A-MCS) distance were noted. However, a significant difference in the hip knee (HKA) angle was observed between the operated and nonoperated sides (0.3° ± 1.8° and 1.5° ± 1.9°, respectively [p = 0.019]). Statistically significant differences in both the knee society score (KSS) and the AOFAS scores were found between the ipsilateral donor limb and the contralateral healthy limb. Although the contralateral healthy side had better clinical scores than the VFGH side, the outcomes of the VFGH side were still satisfactory or excellent.
Association between composite dietary antioxidant and bone mineral density in children and adolescents aged 8–19 years: findings from NHANES
Authors: Cui Aiyong , Yan Juan , Zeng Yuan , Shi Baoqiang , Cheng Long , Deng Hongli , Wei Xing , Zhuang Yan
Published: July 2024

Dietary antioxidants may have beneficial effects on bone health, but it remains uncertain in children and adolescents. This study investigates the association of composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) with bone mineral density (BMD) in children and adolescents aged 8–19 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2010. The study assessed the relationship between CDAI and BMD in 2994 individuals aged 8–19 years (average age 13.48 ± 3.32 years) from the NHANES 2007–2010. Multivariate linear regression analyses were utilized to detect the association between CDAI and total spine, femur neck, and total femur BMD, adjusting for confounders including age, race/ethnicity, sex, poverty income ratio (PIR), body mass index (BMI), serum phosphorus and calcium. Stratified analyses and interaction tests were performed to examine the stability of the results. The weighted characteristics showed that subjects in the fourth CDAI quartile were more likely to be older, men, and Non-Hispanic White. They have higher values of serum total calcium and phosphorus. After adjusting all confounders, CDAI was positively associated with the total spine (β = 0.0031 95% CI 0.0021–0.0040), total femur (β = 0.0039 95% CI 0.0028–0.0049), and femur neck BMD (β = 0.0031 95% CI 0.0021–0.0040) in children and adolescents. Furthermore, we found no interaction effects between different race/ethnicity, age, and sex groups. Our findings suggest that dietary intake of multiple antioxidants was positively associated with BMD in children and adolescents. These findings provide valuable evidence for improving bone health in the early stages of life. However, more prospective studies are required to validate our findings and their causal relationship.
Severity predictors for multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in children after SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vietnam
Authors: Tran Dien. M. , Pham Dem. V. , Cao Tung. V. , Hoang Canh. N. , Nguyen Ha. T. T. , Nguyen Giang. D. , Le Cuong. N. , Thieu Quan. Q. , Ta Tuan. A. , Dau Hung. V. , Le Chi. Q. , Le Quang. H. , Luong Nghiem. T. , Tran Mai. T. , Nguyen Phu. H. , Nguyen Nhung. T. , Phan Phuc. H.
Published: July 2024

Multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) might manifest in a broad spectrum of clinical scenarios, ranging from mild features to multi-organ dysfunction and mortality. However, this novel entity has a heterogenicity of data regarding prognostic factors associated with severe outcomes. The present study aimed to identify independent predictors for severity by using multivariate regression models. A total of 391 patients (255 boys and 136 girls) were admitted to Vietnam National Children’s Hospital from January 2022 to June 2023. The median age was 85 (range: 2–188) months, and only 12 (3.1%) patients had comorbidities. 161 (41.2%) patients required PICU admission, and the median PICU LOS was 4 (2–7) days. We observed independent factors related to PICU admission, including CRP $$\ge $$
≥
50 (mg/L) (OR 2.52, 95% CI 1.39–4.56, p = 0.002), albumin $$\le $$
≤
30 (g/L) (OR 3.18, 95% CI 1.63–6.02, p = 0.001), absolute lymphocyte count $$\le $$
≤
2 (× 109/L) (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.29–3.71, p = 0.004), ferritin ≥ 300 (ng/mL) (OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.38–4.01), p = 0.002), and LVEF < 60 (%) (OR 2.48, 95% CI 1.28–4.78, p = 0.007). Shock developed in 140 (35.8%) patients, especially for those decreased absolute lymphocyte $$\le $$
≤
2 (× 109/L) (OR 2.48, 95% CI 1.10–5.61, p = 0.029), albumin $$\le $$
≤
30 (g/L) (OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.22–5.24, p = 0.013), or LVEF < 60 (%) (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.12–4.51, p = 0.022). In conclusion, our study emphasized that absolute lymphocyte count, serum albumin, CRP, and LVEF were independent predictors for MIS-C severity. Further well-designed investigations are required to validate their efficacy in predicting MIS-C severe cases, especially compared to other parameters. As MIS-C is a new entity and severe courses may progress aggressively, identifying high-risk patients optimizes clinicians' follow-up and management to improve disease outcomes.
Clinical significance of PLT for diagnosis and treatment monitoring in imported malaria
Authors: Fu Shui , Hu Qi-Lei , Zhang Liang , Han Xiao-Jun
Published: July 2024

To evaluate the clinical significance of PLT, MPV, and PDW in monitoring malaria treatment efficacy and predicting disease progression. A total of 31 patients with imported malaria were selected as the observation group, while 31 non-malaria patients with fever were selected as controls. The observation group was subdivided into a complication group and a non-complication group according to the occurrence of complications during treatment. Additionally, on the 1st day (within 24 h), the 3rd day, and the 5th day following admission, a comprehensive blood routine examination, Plasmodium microscopic examination, and colloidal gold assay were conducted. The blood routine examination results were compared before and after treatment among patients in the observation group and the control group. Moreover, the study involved dynamic monitoring and analysis of the levels and variations in PLT, MPV, and PDW within both the complication group and the non-complication group. The Plasmodium density was negatively correlated with PLT before treatment. There were significant differences were observed in PLT, MPV, and PDW (P < 0.05) within the observation group before and after treatment. Notably, there were no significant alterations in red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), and white blood cell (WBC) counts (P > 0.05) within the observation group before and after treatment. The PLT, MPV, and PDW levels in the complication group and the non-complication group exhibited an upward trend after treatment. Further, the PLT of patients in the complication group was significantly lower than that in the non-complication group. Additionally, the PLT, MPV, and PDW levels in the complication group and the non-complication group increased gradually from the time of admission to the 3rd and 5th day of treatment. Notably, the PLT in the complication group was consistently lower than that in the non-complication group. The continuous monitoring of PLT, MPV, and PDW changes plays a crucial role in assessing malaria treatment efficacy and prognosis in these individuals.
High precision in epileptic seizure self-reporting with an app diary
Authors: Zabler Nicolas , Swinnen Lauren , Biondi Andrea , Novitskaya Yulia , Schütz Elisa , Epitashvili Nino , Dümpelmann Matthias , Richardson Mark P. , Van Paesschen Wim , Schulze-Bonhage Andreas , Hirsch Martin
Published: July 2024

People with epilepsy frequently under- or inaccurately report their seizures, which poses a challenge for evaluating their treatment. The introduction of epilepsy health apps provides a novel approach that could improve seizure documentation. This study assessed the documentation performance of an app-based seizure diary and a conventional paper seizure diary. At two tertiary epilepsy centers patients were asked to use one of two offered methods to report their seizures (paper or app diary) during their stay in the epilepsy monitoring unit. The performances of both methods were assessed based on the gold standard of video-EEG annotations. In total 89 adults (54 paper and 35 app users) with focal epilepsy were included in the analysis, of which 58 (33 paper and 25 app users) experienced at least one seizure and made at least one seizure diary entry. We observed a high precision of 85.7% for the app group, whereas the paper group’s precision was lower due to overreporting (66.9%). Sensitivity was similar for both methods. Our findings imply that performance of seizure self-reporting is patient-dependent but is more precise for patients who are willing to use digital apps. This may be relevant for treatment decisions and future clinical trial design.
SnapFISH-IMPUTE: an imputation method for multiplexed DNA FISH data
Authors: Yu Hongyu , Wu Daiqing , Mishra Shreya , Shen Guning , Sun Huaigu , Hu Ming , Li Yun
Published: July 2024

Chromatin spatial organization plays a crucial role in gene regulation. Recently developed and prospering multiplexed DNA FISH technologies enable direct visualization of chromatin conformation in the nucleus. However, incomplete data caused by limited detection efficiency can substantially complicate and impair downstream analysis. Here, we present SnapFISH-IMPUTE that imputes missing values in multiplexed DNA FISH data. Analysis on multiple published datasets shows that the proposed method preserves the distribution of pairwise distances between imaging loci, and the imputed chromatin conformations are indistinguishable from the observed conformations. Additionally, imputation greatly improves downstream analyses such as identifying enhancer-promoter loops and clustering cells into distinct cell types. SnapFISH-IMPUTE is freely available at https://github.com/hyuyu104/SnapFISH-IMPUTE.
A-to-I RNA co-editing predicts clinical outcomes and is associated with immune cells infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chen Juan , Zhang Cheng-Hui , Tao Tao , Zhang Xian , Lin Yan , Wang Fang-Bin , Liu Hui-Fang , Liu Jian
Published: July 2024

Aberrant RNA editing has emerged as a pivotal factor in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the impact of RNA co-editing within HCC remains underexplored. We used a multi-step algorithm to construct an RNA co-editing network in HCC, and found that HCC-related RNA editings are predominantly centralized within the network. Furthermore, five pairs of risk RNA co-editing events were significantly correlated with the overall survival in HCC. Based on presence of risk RNA co-editings resulted in the categorization of HCC patients into high-risk and low-risk groups. Disparities in immune cell infiltrations were observed between the two groups, with the high-risk group exhibiting a greater abundance of exhausted T cells. Additionally, seven genes associated with risk RNA co-editing pairs were identified, whose expression effectively differentiates HCC tumor samples from normal ones. Our research offers an innovative perspective on the etiology and potential therapeutics for HCC.
Moderate beta-cell ablation triggers synergic compensatory mechanisms even in the absence of overt metabolic disruption
Authors: Mathisen Andreas Frøslev , Larsen Ulrik , Kavli Natalie , Unger Lucas , Daian Laura Maria , Vacaru Andrei Mircea , Vacaru Ana-Maria , Herrera Pedro Luis , Ghila Luiza , Chera Simona
Published: July 2024

Regeneration, the ability to replace injured tissues and organs, is a phenomenon commonly associated with lower vertebrates but is also observed in mammals, in specific tissues. In this study, we investigated the regenerative potential of pancreatic islets following moderate beta-cell loss in mice. Using a rapid model of moderate ablation, we observed a compensatory response characterized by transient inflammation and proliferation signatures, ultimately leading to the recovery of beta-cell identity and function. Interestingly, this proliferative response occurred independently of inflammation, as demonstrated in ablated immunodeficient mice. Furthermore, exposure to high-fat diet stimulated beta-cell proliferation but negatively impacted beta-cell function. In contrast, an equivalent slower ablation model revealed a delayed but similar proliferative response, suggesting proliferation as a common regenerative response. However, high-fat diet failed to promote proliferation in this model, indicating a differential response to metabolic stressors. Overall, our findings shed light on the complex interplay between beta-cell loss, inflammation, and stress in modulating pancreatic islet regeneration. Understanding these mechanisms could pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies based on beta-cell proliferation.
Towards informatics-driven design of nuclear waste forms
Authors: Hegde Vinay I. , Peterson Miroslava , Allec Sarah I. , Lu Xiaonan , Mahadevan Thiruvillamalai , Nguyen Thanh , Kalahe Jayani , Oshiro Jared , Seffens Robert J. , Nickerson Ethan K. , Du Jincheng , Riley Brian J. , Vienna John D. , Saal James E.
Published: July 2024

Informatics-driven approaches, such as machine learning and sequential experimental design, have shown the potential to drastically impact next-generation materials discovery and design.
Square-planar imido complexes of cobalt: synthesis, reactivity and computational study
Authors: Reyna Jackson A. , Krishnan V. Mahesh , Silva Villatoro Roberto , Arman Hadi D. , Stoian Sebastian A. , Tonzetich Zachary J.
Published: July 2024

Several square-planar cobalt imido complexes have been prepared by treatment of a Co(i) precursor with aryl azides. The electronic structure and reactivity of the compounds is examined in the context of nitrene insertion reactivity.
α-Diimine-based conjugated microporous polymers as heterogeneous ligands for highly efficient palladium-catalyzed direct C–H arylations
Authors: Wang Chang-An , Wang Ya-Ru , Guo Mia , Han Bing , Nie Kun , Han Yin-Feng , Liu Feng-Shou
Published: July 2024

α-Diimine palladium embedded conjugated microporous polymers (DIM-Pd-CMPs) as highly efficient heterogeneous catalysts for direct C–H arylations of heteroarenes with heteroaryl bromides.
Design, synthesis and computational studies of new azaheterocyclic coumarin derivatives as anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis agents targeting enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA)
Authors: Batran Rasha Z. , Sabt Ahmed , Dziadek Jarosław , Kassem Asmaa F.
Published: July 2024

New series of coumarin derivatives were synthesized as antitubercular agents targeting InhA enzyme with strong binding affinity within the active binding site.
Efficient N2 electroreduction enabled by linear charge transfer over atomically dispersed W sites
Authors: Wan Jin , Liu Dong , Feng Chuanzhen , Zhang Huijuan , Wang Yu
Published: July 2024

The self-capture method was used to synthesize the atomically dispersed n-W/V2−xCTy catalyst, displaying remarkable NRR activity.
Phase-pure Ruddlesden–Popper tin halide perovskites for solar energy conversion applications
Authors: Pan Han , Wang Yilin , Zheng Yong , Gao Shufang , Xiong Yan , Cheng Shubo , Cheng Nian , Yang Wenxing , Gong Xiu , Zhang Jibin , Shen Yan , Wang Mingkui
Published: July 2024

Solvophobic engineering strategy promotes the self-assembly of fluorinated cations into micelles, which changes the crystallization mode and thus leads to the formation of phase-pure Ruddlesden–Popper tin halide perovskites.
Correction: Portable smartphone-enabled dydrogesterone sensors based on biomimetic polymers for personalized gynecological care
Authors: Ashraf Sobia , Hussain Tajamal , Bajwa Sadia Zafar , Mujahid Adnan , Afzal Adeel
Published: July 2024

Correction for ‘Portable smartphone-enabled dydrogesterone sensors based on biomimetic polymers for personalized gynecological care’ by Sobia Ashraf et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4TB00657G.
A successive variational mode extraction method based on spectrum trend and its application in non‐contact vital sign detection
Authors: Zhao Qianxi , Sheng Zhichao , He Guoqiang , Yu Hongwen , Fang Yong
Published: July 2024

Detecting respiration and heartbeat information from human chest movement is crucial for non‐contact vital sign detection. Due to the small frequency difference between respiration and heartbeat signals and the relatively low amplitude of the heartbeat signal, it is challenging to separate and extract them completely. This letter proposes a successive variational mode extraction method based on spectrum trend for the extraction of respiration and heartbeat signals. The proposed method adaptively determines the initial centre frequency and extraction order of the desired signal modes by analyzing the spectrum trend of the signal to be decomposed. Additionally, a recursive framework is introduced to sequentially extract the desired signal modes. Both simulation and practical experiment results show that the method is effective in extracting respiration and heartbeat signals, significantly improving the accuracy of estimating respiration and heartbeat frequencies.
A smooth method for primary frequency of wind turbine based on variable power point tracking and energy storage cooperative control
Authors: Cui Sen , Siddique Abubakar , Aslam Waseem , Alamri Atif M. , AlQahtani Salman A.
Published: July 2024

The conventional deloading control has certain problems, such as low power generation efficiency and a small speed adjustment range. To improve the system's frequency quality and enhance the power grid's stability, this study comprehensively considers the effect of random source‐load power fluctuations on the system frequency. Moreover, this study proposes a smooth primary frequency control strategy for wind turbine based on the coordinated control of the variable power point tracking and supercapacitor energy storage. The impact of wind power fluctuations on the system frequency at different timescales for wind turbine is studied based on the historical data of wind power fluctuations in a strong wind meteorological cycle of a wind farm. The method determines the capacity of the energy storage device required for frequency smoothing at the optimal timescale. In combination with the required capacity of the wind turbine to participate in the system's primary frequency regulation, the supercapacitor energy storage device is optimally configured, and a set of supercapacitor energy storage device with the lowest cost under the highest charging/discharging efficiency is designed. Simulation and experimental results show that the primary frequency adjustment capability of the control strategy proposed in this study is significantly improved compared with the conventional primary frequency modulation control.
The Decline and Levelling Off of Earnings Inequality: Boon or Bane for a Growing Economy?
Authors: Sari Virgi Agita , Dimova Ralitza
Published: July 2024

This paper investigates evidence on deficits in economic inclusion, focussing on the labour market in Indonesia. Increasing job polarization and an accompanying rise in earnings inequality on account of technological development and globalisation over the past few decades have augmented concerns about the attainability of governments’ perennial objective of inclusive growth. However, there are circumstances in which declining or levelling earnings gaps may be more of a bane than a boon for a country’s long-term economic health. Using the particularly interesting case of Indonesia, which has reduced and subsequently levelled off its earnings inequality in the midst of impressive growth, this paper studies how structural factors and labour market policies influence dynamics of inequality. The study finds evidence of a strong role of structural characteristics, which appears to indicate that reductions in earnings inequality may be more of a bane than a boon for Indonesia’s long-term prosperity. The paper concludes with broader insights and a discussion on policy implications that extend beyond the Indonesian context.
Forecasting daily solar radiation: An evaluation and comparison of machine learning algorithms
Authors: Nadeem Talha Bin , Ali Syed Usama , Asif Muhammad , Suberi Hari Kumar
Published: July 2024

Rising energy demand, resource depletion, and environmental issues tied to fossil fuels demand a transition to renewable energy. Solar power, abundant and well-established, presents a promising solution to address our expanding energy requirements. The sun radiates an astonishing amount of energy every second, far more than humanity’s current and future energy needs. Accurate solar radiation prediction is crucial for optimizing solar panel design, placement, and grid integration. This paper aims to predict daily global solar radiation data for six Pakistani cities: Karachi, Lahore, Islamabad, Quetta, Peshawar, and Multan. It highlights the importance of advanced algorithms and introduces an innovative data collection method using pyranometer sensors and microcontrollers, making data storage and analysis more affordable and efficient while reducing the financial burdens associated with traditional equipment. Focusing on Pakistan’s diverse solar radiation potential, this research evaluates eight machine learning algorithms using seven key statistical metrics to understand and compare their performance in predicting solar radiation. Four algorithms, k-nearest neighbors, Random Forest Regression, Gradient Boosting Regression, and Support Vector Regression (SVR), consistently exhibit remarkable precision, achieving outstanding R2 values of up to 99%. This highlights the crucial role of algorithm selection in solar radiation prediction, with SVR emerging as the top choice. SVR’s precise and reliable forecasts empower renewable energy planning and decision-making. This study provides valuable guidance for decision-makers to optimize solar energy utilization across diverse geographical regions and contributes invaluable insights to the field of renewable energy forecasting.
Thermally frustrated phase transition at high pressure in B2-ordered FeV
Authors: Reyes-Pulido Homero , K C Bimal , Kumar Ravhi S. , Hemley Russell J. , Muñoz Jorge A.
Published: July 2024

X-ray diffraction measurements of equiatomic B2-ordered FeV were performed in a diamond-anvil cell at room temperature at several pressure points up to 80 GPa that showed the cubic phase to be stable with no indication of structural phase transitions. Density functional theory at 0 K predicts Fermi surface nesting, an electronic topological transition, and a phonon dynamical instability within the experimentally investigated pressure range. Nevertheless, the instability is absent in phonon dispersion curves extracted from ab initio molecular dynamics simulations below the critical volume at temperatures as low as 10 K, indicating that thermal atomic displacements can frustrate the phase transition by renormalizing the phonon dispersion curves. Ferrimagnetism is critical for the stability of the cubic phase at low temperature, but thermal atomic displacements are enough to support the structure at and above the Néel temperature.
Patterns of breeding in the long-nosed potoroo revealed by camera trapping in northern New South Wales
Authors: Goldingay Ross L.
Published: July 2024

The breeding pattern of the long-nosed potoroo (Potorous tridactylus) has not been described in the north of its geographic range. Long-nosed potoroos were continuously monitored at eight camera sites on the New England Tableland in northern New South Wales over a 17-month period. Evidence of breeding relied on detecting females with pouch bulges and young-at-foot. Breeding occurred throughout the year but pouch bulges were more commonly seen in May and October than in other months. Females produced two to four young per site, equating to 2.1 per year. This study has demonstrated the great potential of using camera trapping to describe aspects of the breeding pattern in a cryptic marsupial.
Structural diversity in nudibranch chemistry: elucidation of norditerpenes with a dendrillane scaffold from the Australian nudibranch Goniobranchus coi
Authors: Forster Louise C. , Pierens Gregory K. , De Voss James J. , Garson Mary J.
Published: July 2024

In addition to three known compounds (1–3), two new rearranged spongian diterpenes (4 and 5) with perhydroazulene and dioxabicyclooctane ring systems were isolated from the mantle and viscera of the Australian nudibranch Goniobranchus coi. The relative configuration of the major spiroepoxide 4 was explored by comparison with those of m-chloroperbenzoic acid oxidation products derived from dendrillolide A (1). Aldehydes 6 and 7 were identified as the ring-opened artefacts of the spiroepoxides 5 and 4 respectively, and yielded ketone 3 on storage. The relative configurations of lactols 8 and 9, isolated as an inseparable mixture of diastereomers, were deduced by molecular modelling and computational studies. Acetylation of the lactol mixture provided dendrillolide A (1), further confirming the structural assignments of 8 and 9. Dissection of animal tissue established that the norditerpenoid metabolites were present in both mantle and viscera tissues.
Harnessing elastic instabilities for enhanced mixing and reaction kinetics in porous media
Authors: Browne Christopher A. , Datta Sujit S.
Published: July 2024

Turbulent flows have been used for millennia to mix solutes; a familiar example is stirring cream into coffee. However, many energy, environmental, and industrial processes rely on the mixing of solutes in porous media where confinement suppresses inertial turbulence. As a result, mixing is drastically hindered, requiring fluid to permeate long distances for appreciable mixing and introducing additional steps to drive mixing that can be expensive and environmentally harmful. Here, we demonstrate that this limitation can be overcome just by adding dilute amounts of flexible polymers to the fluid. Flow-driven stretching of the polymers generates an elastic instability, driving turbulent-like chaotic flow fluctuations, despite the pore-scale confinement that prohibits typical inertial turbulence. Using in situ imaging, we show that these fluctuations stretch and fold the fluid within the pores along thin layers (“lamellae”) characterized by sharp solute concentration gradients, driving mixing by diffusion in the pores. This process results in a

3
×

reduction in the required mixing length, a

6
×

increase in solute transverse dispersivity, and can be harnessed to increase the rate at which chemical compounds react by

5
×

—enhancements that we rationalize using turbulence-inspired modeling of the underlying transport processes. Our work thereby establishes a simple, robust, versatile, and predictive way to mix solutes in porous media, with potential applications ranging from large-scale chemical production to environmental remediation.
Identification of material by X-ray fluorescence analysis with a pyroelectric X-ray generator
Authors: Ali M. , Bonnett E. , Karataev P. , Kubankin A. , Oleinik O. , Margaryan V.
Published: July 2024

By changing the temperature of Lithium Tantalate (LiTaO3) single crystal at moderate vacuum conditions leads to generation of strong electric field. The uncompensated polarization during the heating or cooling of the crystal causes the ejection of electrons from either the dielectric layer on the surface of the crystal or from a metal target depending on the polarity. The electrons are accelerated and gain energy of up to 100 keV. The energy of these electrons can be determined by measuring the end-point energy of the X-ray spectrum that resulted from the electron interactions with the target. The conception of a pyroelectric accelerator enabled us to develop compact (portable) electron source, which does not require an external high-voltage and the use of hazardous materials. The compact and portable nature of pyroelectric-driven particle sources holds significant promise for applications in materials science, particularly for materials analysis methodologies. The research demonstrates the feasibility of utilizing the X-ray signal generated by irradiation with electrons to identify elements in each sample. It is revealed that employing only the electron beam enables the successful acquisition of quantitative information regarding the sample structure through pyroelectric driven PD-PIXE analysis. These findings set the stage for the development of a compact and versatile apparatus for elemental analysis of materials based on a pyroelectric source.
JWST reveals interior structure of puffy exoplanet WASP-107 b
Authors: Freeman Tami
Published: July 2024

Two teams of astronomers have discovered that the exoplanet WASP-107 b is much hotter than previously thought.
Magnetic islands stabilize a fusion plasma, simulations suggest
Authors: Jarman Sam
Published: July 2024

Physicists in the US and Germany have developed a new technique for suppressing instabilities in tokamak fusion reactors.
Comparative assessment of thermal oils and water as working fluids in parabolic trough collectors for enhanced solar power generation
Authors: Jabbar Hussein Ali , Alwan Kareem Jafar , Hachim Dhafer Manea , Al-Manea Ahmed , Al-Rbaihat Raed , Alahmer Ali
Published: July 2024

Examining the thermal behavior of specific working fluids, namely Syltherm800 and TherminolVP-1, in parabolic trough collectors (PTCs) is imperative for enhancing power generation. This study addresses a crucial gap by conducting computational fluid dynamics simulations through COMSOL Multiphysics software and experimental tests to explore the advantages of utilizing thermal oils over water as a working fluid in PTCs. Experimental tests were performed on a water-based PTC in Iraq to validate the numerical model, considering various operating conditions such as input temperature (323.15–423.15 K) and mass flow rates (0.00926–0.0556 kg/s). Key parameters including output temperature, thermal efficiency, useful heat, and total heat losses were evaluated. The numerical model was validated against experimental data, showing good agreement with an overall discrepancy of 1.7% for the current experiments and 3.18% for literature results. The results indicated that Syltherm800, particularly with a high mass flow rate, outperformed TherminolVP-1 and water in terms of overall thermal performance. The optimal PTC thermal efficiency was achieved in July with a mass flow rate of 0.0556 kg/s and an input temperature of 348.15 K. The optimal range for PTC thermal efficiency over four months was between 50% and 70%. The endorsement of thermal oils in PTCs is supported by their low vapor pressure, superior thermal stability, and extended lifespan.
Development of novel prototype of orange sorting machine
Authors: Nguyen Van-Tinh , Nguyen Ngoc-Kien
Published: July 2024

Orange is one of the most popular fruits in the world. Oranges originate from Southeast Asia, India, and southern China. Nowadays, they are grown in warm regions around the world. Oranges are consumed either fresh or in the form of fruit juice. Depending on the type of orange, when ripe, its surface is orange or green, with a sweet or slightly sour taste. In Vietnam, oranges have significant export value. Therefore, ensuring consistent quality of oranges before export is an important requirement. Currently in Vietnam, this process is done manually or semi-automatically, resulting in low productivity and inadequate output for export purposes. This article introduces a new design of an automatic orange sorting machine. The proposed machine is equipped with functions to classify the size and defects on the orange surface through image processing technique. The experiment results show that the proposed machine works effectively. The size sorting module worked perfectly with absolute accuracy while the image processing module ensures the confidence level of 95%. The proposed machine could replace the manual sorting process with high accuracy.
Heavy metal removal performance of capacitive deionization technology studied by machine learning
Authors: Dian Xiao-min , Hao Jia-yuan , Zhang Zheng-ao , Chen Zhe , Yao Lei
Published: July 2024

Capacitive deionization (CDI) technology is utilized for efficient treatment of industrial wastewater, characterized by low energy consumption and environmental protection. In order to comprehend the correlation between key experimental parameters and the electrosorption capacity (EC) of heavy metals in CDI technology, this paper employs a genetic algorithm (GA) to optimize a backpropagation artificial neural network (BPANN) for predicting the EC of CDI technology for heavy metal ions, with the characteristics of electrode materials converted into numerical characteristics for further analysis. Compared to the BPANN, the optimized GABPANN model demonstrates superior predictive accuracy. It achieves automatic adjustment of the hidden layer structure, neuron count, and transfer functions. Furthermore, the grey relational analysis indicates that the electrode material and the initial pH value of the solution are pivotal in determining the EC of heavy metal ions. This underscores the efficacy of machine learning (ML) algorithms in forecasting the nonlinear dynamics of CDI systems and elucidates the influence of individual parameters on the efficacy of heavy metal removal.