bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plasma half-life and tissue distribution of leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 in mice
Authors: Kikuchi Akihiro , Takayama Hiroaki , Tsugane Hirohiko , Shiba Kazuhiro , Chikamoto Keita , Yamamoto Tatsuya , Matsugo Seiichi , Ishii Kiyo-aki , Misu Hirofumi , Takamura Toshinari
Published: August 2020

Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2) is a hepatokine that causes skeletal muscle insulin resistance. The circulating levels of LECT2 are a possible biomarker that can predict weight cycling because they reflect liver fat and precede the onset of weight loss or gain. Herein, to clarify the dynamics of this rapid change in serum LECT2 levels, we investigated the in vivo kinetics of LECT2, including its plasma half-life and tissue distribution, by injecting 125I-labelled LECT2 into ICR mice and radioactivity tracing. The injected LECT2 was eliminated from the bloodstream within 10 min (approximate half-life, 5 min). In the kidneys, the radioactivity accumulated within 10 min after injection and declined thereafter. Conversely, the radioactivity in urine increased after 30 min of injection, indicating that LECT2 is mainly excreted by the kidneys into the urine. Finally, LECT2 accumulated in the skeletal muscle and liver until 30 min and 2 min after injection, respectively. LECT2 accumulation was not observed in the adipose tissue. These findings are in agreement with LECT2 action on the skeletal muscle. The present study indicates that LECT2 is a rapid-turnover protein, which renders the circulating level of LECT2 a useful rapid-response biomarker to predict body weight alterations.
Computational flow cytometry of planktonic populations for the evaluation of microbiological-control programs in district cooling plants
Authors: McElhinney J. M. W. R. , Mawart A. , Alkaabi R. S. S. M. , Abdelsamad H. S. S. , Mansour A. M. , Hasan A.
Published: August 2020

Biofouling poses a serious concern for the district cooling (DC) industry. Current industry practises for monitoring biofouling continue to rely on culture-based methods for microbial enumeration, which are ultimately flawed. Computational flow cytometric (cFCM) analyses, which offer enhanced reproducibility and streamlined analytics versus conventional flow cytometry were applied to samples taken from 3 sites in each of 3 plants over a 5-week sampling program. We asked whether the application of cFCM to monitoring planktonic community dynamics in DC plants could be able to provide sufficient information to enhance microbiological-control strategies at site and inform about plant performance impacts. The use of cFCM enabled the evaluation of biocide dosing, deep cleaning treatment efficiencies and routes of microbial ingress into the studied systems. Additionally, inherent risks arising from the reintroduction of microbiological communities into recently cleaned WCT basins from contaminated cooling waters were identified. However, short-term dynamics did not relate with plant performance metrics. In summary, the insights offered by this approach can inform on plant status, enable evaluations of microbial loads during biofouling mitigation programs and, ultimately, enhance industry management of the biofouling process.
Mitochondrial DNA enhance innate immune responses in neuromyelitis optica by monocyte recruitment and activation
Authors: Shimizu Mikito , Okuno Tatsusada , Kinoshita Makoto , Sumi Hisae , Fujimura Harutoshi , Yamashita Kazuya , Sugimoto Tomoyuki , Sakakibara Shuhei , Sakakibara Kaori , Koda Toru , Tada Satoru , Ishikura Teruyuki , Murata Hisashi , Beppu Shohei , Shiraishi Naoyuki , Sugiyama Yasuko , Nakatsuji Yuji , Kumanogoh Atsushi , Mochizuki Hideki
Published: August 2020

Although recent studies indicate the involvement of monocytes in accelerating the lesion formation of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), the precise mechanism of the innate immune system activation remains elusive. Thus, in this study, we aimed to clarify the mechanisms of NMOSD pathogenesis from the viewpoint of innate immunity activation. We established anti-AQP4 recombinant autoantibodies (Ab) from plasmablasts in NMOSD patient’s CSF. Human astrocytes treated with anti-AQP4 Ab produced a significant amount of CCL2 and contributed to the efficient recruitment of monocytes. Moreover, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which activated monocytes via Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), was released from astrocytes treated with anti-AQP4 Ab. MtDNA further enhanced CCL2 production by monocytes, and it was demonstrated that mtDNA concentration correlated with the efficiency of monocyte recruitment in the CSF of NMOSD patients. In conclusion, these observations highlight that mtDNA which was released from astrocytes damaged by anti-AQP4 Ab has a central role in establishing the inflammatory loop of monocyte recruitment and activation via an innate immunity pathway.
Remote, autonomous real-time monitoring of environmental DNA from commercial fish
Authors: Hansen Brian K. , Jacobsen Magnus W. , Middelboe Anne Lise , Preston Christina M. , Marin Roman , Bekkevold Dorte , Knudsen Steen W. , Møller Peter R. , Nielsen Einar E.
Published: August 2020

Environmental DNA (eDNA) is increasingly used for monitoring marine organisms; however, offshore sampling and time lag from sampling to results remain problematic. In order to overcome these challenges a robotic sampler, a 2nd generation Environmental Sample Processor (ESP), was tested for autonomous analysis of eDNA from four commercial fish species in a 4.5 million liter mesocosm. The ESP enabled in situ analysis, consisting of water collection, filtration, DNA extraction and qPCR analysis, which allowed for real-time remote reporting and archival sample collection, consisting of water collection, filtration and chemical preservation followed by post-deployment laboratory analysis. The results demonstrate that the 2G ESP was able to consistently detect and quantify target molecules from the most abundant species (Atlantic mackerel) both in real-time and from the archived samples. In contrast, detection of low abundant species was challenged by both biological and technical aspects coupled to the ecology of eDNA and the 2G ESP instrumentation. Comparison of the in situ analysis and archival samples demonstrated variance, which potentially was linked to diel migration patterns of the Atlantic mackerel. The study demonstrates strong potential for remote autonomous in situ monitoring which open new possibilities for the field of eDNA and marine monitoring.
Evolutionary rearrangements of X chromosomes in voles (Arvicolinae, Rodentia)
Authors: Romanenko Svetlana A. , Fedorova Yulia E. , Serdyukova Natalya A. , Zaccaroni Marco , Stanyon Roscoe , Graphodatsky Alexander S.
Published: August 2020

Euchromatic segments of the X chromosomes of placental mammals are the most conservative elements of the karyotype, only rarely subjected to either inter- or intrachromosomal rearrangements. Here, using microdissection-derived set of region-specific probes of Terricola savii we detailed the evolutionary rearrangements found in X chromosomes in 20 vole species (Arvicolinae, Rodentia). We show that the evolution of X chromosomes in this taxon was accompanied by multiple para- and pericentric inversions and centromere shifts. The contribution of intrachromosomal rearrangements to the karyotype evolution of Arvicolinae species was approximately equivalent in both the separate autosomal conserved segments and the X chromosomes. Intrachromosmal rearrangements and structural reorganization of the X chromosomes was likely accompanied by an accumulation, distribution, and evolution of repeated sequences.
Dynamic control of tumor vasculature improves antitumor responses in a regional model of melanoma
Authors: Gabriel Emmanuel M. , Kim Minhyung , Fisher Daniel T. , Powers Colin , Attwood Kristopher , Bagaria Sanjay P. , Knutson Keith L. , Skitzki Joseph J.
Published: August 2020

Despite advances in therapy for melanoma, heterogeneous responses with limited durability represent a major gap in treatment outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether alteration in tumor blood flow could augment drug delivery and improve antitumor responses in a regional model of melanoma. This approach to altering tumor blood flow was termed “dynamic control.” Dynamic control of tumor vessels in C57BL/6 mice bearing B16 melanoma was performed using volume expansion (saline bolus) followed by phenylephrine. Intravital microscopy (IVM) was used to observe changes directly in real time. Our approach restored blood flow in non-functional tumor vessels. It also resulted in increased chemotherapy (melphalan) activity, as measured by formation of DNA adducts. The combination of dynamic control and melphalan resulted in superior outcomes compared to melphalan alone (median time to event 40.0 vs 25.0 days, respectively, p = 0.041). Moreover, 25% (3/12) of the mice treated with the combination approach showed complete tumor response. Importantly, dynamic control plus melphalan did not result in increased adverse events. In summary, we showed that dynamic control was feasible, directly observable, and augmented antitumor responses in a regional model of melanoma. Early clinical trials to determine the translational feasibility of dynamic control are ongoing.
D2 dopamine receptor gene (DRD2) Taq1A (rs1800497) affects bone density
Authors: Chiang Ting-I. , Lane Hsien-Yuan , Lin Chieh-Hsin
Published: August 2020

Schizophrenia patients are susceptible to lower bone mineral density (BMD). However, studies exploring the genetic effects are lacking. Genes that affect the activity of antipsychotics may be associated with BMD, particularly in patients receiving long-term antipsychotic treatment. We aimed to explore the relationship between the dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) gene Taq1A (rs1800497) polymorphism and BMD in chronic schizophrenia patients. We recruited schizophrenia patients (n = 47) and healthy controls (n = 39) from a medical center in Taiwan and collected data that may affect BMD. Patients’ BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer (DEXA). DRD2 rs1800497 was genotyped through polymerase chain reaction–Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR–RFLP). Among all participants, subjects with DRD2 rs1800497(T;T) allele had lower DEXA T score and DEXA Z score compared to those with rs1800497(C;T) and rs1800497(C;C) alleles (p = 0.008, 0.003, respectively). In schizophrenia patients, subjects with rs1800497(T;T) allele also had lower DEXA Z score compared to the other two alleles (p = 0.045). Our findings suggest that individuals with the DRD2 rs1800497(T;T) had lower BMD than those with the rs1800497(C;T) and rs1800497(C;C) genotypes. Therefore, genes should be considered as one of the risk factors of lower BMD.
High-temperature differences in plasmonic broadband absorber on PET and Si substrates
Authors: Kim Jin Hee , Lee Sung-Gyu , Kim Teun-Teun , Ha Taewoo , Lee Sang Hyup , Kim Ji-Hee , Lee Young Hee
Published: August 2020

The characteristics of a plasmonic resonator with a metal–dielectric–metal structure is influenced by the size, shape, and spacing of the nanostructure. The plasmonic resonators can be used in various applications such as color filters, light emitting diodes, photodetectors, and broadband absorbers. In particular, broadband absorbers are widely used in thermophotovoltaics and thermoelectrics. To achieve a higher photothermal conversion efficiency, it is important to provoke a larger temperature difference in the absorber. The absorption and thermal conductance of the absorber has a great impact on the temperature difference, but in order to further improve the temperature difference of the absorber, the thermal conductivity of the substrate should be considered carefully. In this study, we designed Cr/SiO2/Cr absorbers on different substrates, i.e., polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and silicon. Although their optical properties do not change significantly, the temperature difference of the absorber on the PET substrate is considerably higher than that on the Si substrate under laser illumination, i.e., 164 K for ΔTPET and 3.7 K for ΔTSi, respectively. This is attributed to the thermal conductance of the substrate materials, which is confirmed by the thermal relaxation time. Moreover, the Seebeck coefficient of graphene on the absorber, 9.8 μV/K, is obtained by photothermoelectrics. The proposed Cr/SiO2/Cr structure provides a clear scheme to achieve high performance in photothermoelectric devices.
Viscoelasticity in simple indentation-cycle experiments: a computational study
Authors: Efremov Yu. M. , Kotova S. L. , Timashev P. S.
Published: August 2020

Instrumented indentation has become an indispensable tool for quantitative analysis of the mechanical properties of soft polymers and biological samples at different length scales. These types of samples are known for their prominent viscoelastic behavior, and attempts to calculate such properties from the indentation data are constantly made. The simplest indentation experiment presents a cycle of approach (deepening into the sample) and retraction of the indenter, with the output of the force and indentation depth as functions of time and a force versus indentation dependency (force curve). The linear viscoelastic theory based on the elastic–viscoelastic correspondence principle might predict the shape of force curves based on the experimental conditions and underlying relaxation function of the sample. Here, we conducted a computational analysis based on this theory and studied how the force curves were affected by the indenter geometry, type of indentation (triangular or sinusoidal ramp), and the relaxation functions. The relaxation functions of both traditional and fractional viscoelastic models were considered. The curves obtained from the analytical solutions, numerical algorithm and finite element simulations matched each other well. Common trends for the curve-related parameters (apparent Young’s modulus, normalized hysteresis area, and curve exponent) were revealed. Importantly, the apparent Young’s modulus, obtained by fitting the approach curve to the elastic model, demonstrated a direct relation to the relaxation function for all the tested cases. The study will help researchers to verify which model is more appropriate for the sample description without extensive calculations from the basic curve parameters and their dependency on the indentation rate.
Bulk and local structures of metal–organic frameworks unravelled by high-resolution electron microscopy
Authors: Liu Lingmei , Zhang Daliang , Zhu Yihan , Han Yu
Published: August 2020

The periodic bulk structures of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) can be solved by diffraction-based techniques; however, their non-periodic local structures—such as crystal surfaces, grain boundaries, defects, and guest molecules—have long been elusive due to a lack of suitable characterization tools. Recent advances in (scanning) transmission electron microscopy ((S)TEM) has made it possible to probe the local structures of MOFs at atomic resolution. In this article, we discuss why high-resolution (S)TEM of MOFs is challenging and how the new low-dose techniques overcome this challenge, and we review various MOF structural features observed by (S)TEM and important insights gained from these observations. Our discussions focus on real-space imaging, excluding other TEM-related characterization techniques (e.g. electron diffraction and spectroscopy).
Emulating photosynthetic processes with light harvesting synthetic protein (maquette) assemblies on titanium dioxide
Authors: Hobbs Christopher J. , Roach Nicholas , Wagner Pawel , van der Salm Holly , Barnsley Jonathan E. , Gordon Keith C. , Kodali Goutham , Moser Christopher C. , Dutton P. Leslie , Wagner Klaudia , Officer David L.
Published: August 2020

The first working artificial photosynthetic photoanode using a light harvesting maquette, a synthetic protein with a metalloporphyrin ligated to it, has been fabricated that generates remarkably high photocurrent for a protein-based device.
The simultaneous detection of the squamous cell carcinoma antigen and cancer antigen 125 in the cervical cancer serum using nano-Ag polydopamine nanospheres in an SERS-based lateral flow immunoassay
Authors: Xia Ji , Liu Yifan , Ran Menglin , Lu Wenbo , Bi Liyan , Wang Qian , Lu Dan , Cao Xiaowei
Published: August 2020

Based on SERS-based lateral flow immunoassay, nano-Ag polydopamine nanospheres was used for detecting squamous cell carcinoma antigen and cancer antigen 125 simultaneously in cervical cancer serum.
Novel tetrahedral cobalt(ii) silanethiolates: structures and magnetism
Authors: Kowalkowska-Zedler Daria , Nedelko Natalia , Kazimierczuk Katarzyna , Aleshkevych Pavlo , Łyszczek Renata , Ślawska-Waniewska Anna , Pladzyk Agnieszka
Published: August 2020

Structural, spectral and thermal properties of three tetrahedral Co(ii) silanethiolates were established by XRD, FTIR for solid samples and TGA. The magnetic properties were investigated by static magnetic measurements and X-band EPR spectroscopy.
Synthetic and computational assessment of a chiral metal–organic framework catalyst for predictive asymmetric transformation
Authors: Canivet Jérôme , Bernoud Elise , Bonnefoy Jonathan , Legrand Alexandre , Todorova Tanya K. , Quadrelli Elsje Alessandra , Mellot-Draznieks Caroline
Published: August 2020

Understanding and controlling molecular recognition mechanisms at a chiral solid interface has been addressed in metal–organic framework catalysts for the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation reaction.
A thin film (<200 nm) perovskite solar cell with 18% efficiency
Authors: Zhang Yong , Park Nam-Gyu
Published: August 2020

Achieving 18% efficiency based on a stamped 171 nm-thick EAPbI3 film along with long-term stability.
The Value of Preoperative Speech-Language Pathology Counseling for Candidates for Cochlear Implants
Authors: Zombek Lindsay
Published: August 2020

Purpose

This article identifies benefits of pre-operative counseling as part of an aural rehabilitation assessment with a speech-language pathologist as part of adult candidacy for cochlear implants. Aural rehabilitation assessment is not mandated by the Food and Drug Administration in the United States, by some insurance companies, nor consistently by cochlear implant centers as part of cochlear implant candidacy. Although these entities do not require an aural rehabilitation assessment pre-operatively, this assessment and counseling opportunity may offer benefits beyond its contributions to the actual candidacy determination. The perceived benefits of the aural rehabilitation counseling will be discussed.

Method

A retrospective review was conducted of adults who did and did not receive counseling by a speech-language pathologist as part of their candidacy determination for a cochlear implant.

Results

Benefits of pre-operative counseling were found to include realistic expectations and motivation for postoperative management, established rapport with the postoperative therapist, determination of candidates’ personal goals ahead of initiation of aural rehabilitation, and increased rates of enrollment in postoperative aural rehabilitation.

Conclusion

Pre-operative assessment and counseling by aural rehabilitation practitioners may provide benefits and warrant inclusion in pre-operative cochlear implant candidacy determination.
Aerodynamic Design and Shape Optimization with the Far-Field Drag Decomposition Approach
Authors: Li Li , Bai Junqiang , He Xiaolong
Published: August 2020

In the aerodynamic shape design, the drag prediction has always been an extremely challenging mission for the exploration of a configuration. As for the more complex configurations, it is especially desired to the availability of a highly accurate and reliable aerodynamic numerical solution. For improving the drag prediction accuracy and promoting the aerodynamic shape designs, firstly, the characteristics of drag prediction based on far-field drag method and near-field drag method is analyzed and compared. Also, the merits and demerits of defining axial velocity defect with the current main far-field drag prediction approaches is summarized, which promotes the building of the improved method of axial velocity defect and the improved far-field drag prediction and decomposition approach. Moreover, during the establishment of the drag decomposition method, it is necessary to judge and decide on the selection of the drag region. Therefore, the discussions on the sensitivity of the relevant parameters are fulfilled. Furthermore, based on the far-field drag prediction and decomposition method constructed, the aerodynamic performance research of Common Research Model wing-body configuration is launched. The results show that it can effectively observe and analyze the changes in drag components, their impact on the total drag and the contribution percentage. Finally, combining the far-field drag prediction and decomposition method proposed in this paper with a gradient-based aerodynamic shape optimization design system, the aerodynamic shape optimization designs are studied with CRM wing-body configuration. The results can not only directly analyze the detailed change of the visualized drag region, but also can obtain the more accurate total drag and lift-to-drag ratio of the optimized configuration by removing the spurious drag.
Ensemble forecasting of major solar flares: methods for combining models
Authors: Guerra Jordan A. , Murray Sophie A. , Shaun Bloomfield D. , Gallagher Peter T.
Published: August 2020

One essential component of operational space weather forecasting is the prediction of solar flares. With a multitude of flare forecasting methods now available online it is still unclear which of these methods performs best, and none are substantially better than climatological forecasts. Space weather researchers are increasingly looking towards methods used by the terrestrial weather community to improve current forecasting techniques. Ensemble forecasting has been used in numerical weather prediction for many years as a way to combine different predictions in order to obtain a more accurate result. Here we construct ensemble forecasts for major solar flares by linearly combining the full-disk probabilistic forecasts from a group of operational forecasting methods (ASAP, ASSA, MAG4, MOSWOC, NOAA, and MCSTAT). Forecasts from each method are weighted by a factor that accounts for the method’s ability to predict previous events, and several performance metrics (both probabilistic and categorical) are considered. It is found that most ensembles achieve a better skill metric (between 5% and 15%) than any of the members alone. Moreover, over 90% of ensembles perform better (as measured by forecast attributes) than a simple equal-weights average. Finally, ensemble uncertainties are highly dependent on the internal metric being optimized and they are estimated to be less than 20% for probabilities greater than 0.2. This simple multi-model, linear ensemble technique can provide operational space weather centres with the basis for constructing a versatile ensemble forecasting system – an improved starting point to their forecasts that can be tailored to different end-user needs.
Surface potential imaging and characterizations of a GaN p-n junction with Kelvin probe force microscopy
Authors: Nakamura Tomonori , Ishida Nobuyuki , Sagisaka Keisuke , Koide Yasuo
Published: August 2020

We applied Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) to characterize the p-n junction grown on hydride vapor-phase epitaxy GaN wafers with three different doses of the p-type dopant Mg. The distributions of the contact potential difference (CPD) were visualized to observe the abrupt changes in the CPD across the p-n junction. Based on this result, we attempted to evaluate the electrostatic potential distributions across the GaN p-n junction, which consequently provide the dopant concentrations in the p-type region (NA) and unintentionally doped regions (NUID). The obtained values of NA in this study were two orders of magnitude smaller than doped Mg concentrations, while those of NUID were consistent with the results of secondary ion mass spectroscopy. We demonstrate the potential of KPFM in the evaluation of GaN p-n junctions.
The study of neutron sensitivity of the MCP based on recoil proton detection
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Ouyang Xiaoping , Zhang Jianfu , Weng Xiufeng , Tan Xinjian , He Junzhang , Zhang Xianpeng , Wei Kun
Published: August 2020

A new neutron detector based on a recoil proton and a microchannel plate (MCP) has been developed for the measurement of ultrafast pulse neutrons. In order to know the performance of the detector, the neutron sensitivity was investigated through simulation and experiment. A model of Monte Carlo simulation was set up for neutron sensitivity simulation. In this model, the yields and average energy of protons emitted from polyethylene targets of different thicknesses were calculated as a function of neutron energy. Then, the yields of secondary electrons produced by the recoil protons in the microchannel of the MCP were also calculated. The neutron sensitivity of the detector was finally obtained. The results show that the detector can achieve a neutron sensitivity of more than 10−15 C cm2 if the neutron energy is greater than 1 MeV. Experiments were performed to test the neutron sensitivity on the accelerator at the China Institute of Atomic Energy. The simulated results agreed with those of the experiments considering the uncertainties. The theoretical model of the detector for the calculation of the neutron sensitivity was correct. The performance of the detector accorded with the anticipative purpose.
Electron-beam irradiation of photopolymerized C60 film studied using in situ scanning tunneling microscope, in situ Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and first-principles calculations
Authors: Onoe Jun , Nakaya Masato , Watanabe Shinta , Nakayama Tomonobu , Ohno Kaoru , Noda Yusuke
Published: August 2020

We have examined the formation of a two-dimensional (2D) new carbon network by inducing the general Stone–Wales transformation between adjacent C60 molecules in a 2D dumbbell-type C60 polymer film. Structural changes in pristine C60 films after ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) light and electron-beam (EB) irradiations were studied using in situ scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and in situ Fourier-transformed infrared (IR) spectroscopy, in combination with first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. Analyses of STM images and depth profiles found that three types of photopolymerized dumbbell-shaped dimers and trimers are formed on the surface layers of pristine C60 films: (i) [2+2] C60 dimers formed in a lateral direction, (ii) [2+2] dimerization of C60 between the first and second layers, and (iii) a triangular [2+2] C60 trimer along a lateral direction. As UV-vis light irradiation time increases, a comparison between experimental and theoretical IR spectra indicated that 2D dumbbell-shaped C60 polymers are formed within a few surface layers of the C60 film (in a similar manner, a 1D dumbbell-shaped polymer is also formed in a shallow space of the C60 film), whereas a [2+2] dumbbell-shaped dimer is formed in any bulk space of the film. Thereafter, when the EB was irradiated to the photopolymerized C60 film, the evolution of IR spectra with respect to EB irradiation time suggested that the 2D dumbbell-type C60 polymer is not decomposed but structurally changed to form a new network polymer.
Metonymic construal and vehicle selection
Authors: Kowalewski Hubert
Published: August 2020

The article investigates the process of the selection of vehicle concepts in Polish Sign Language (PJM). Why are certain contiguity relations chosen out of many potentially available candidates as the basis for metonymies and why do some other contiguity relations not make felicitous metonymies? The process is certainly influenced by many factors, but the article focuses on several factors related to the dimensions of construal of metonymic concepts (in Langacker’s understanding), including the scope of conception and aspects of perspective (the preference for the observable entities and the distinction between subjectively and objectively construed concepts). Vehicle selection is also constrained by the effective reference requirement and the subjectively perceived vitality of contiguity relations.
Unit commitment direct current optimal power flow using mixed-integer linear programming
Authors: Azis M F , Habibuddin J , Mutmainnah  , Muchtar T , Purwanto D
Published: August 2020

This paper presents unit commitment direct current optimal power flow (UCDCOPF) using mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) for daily power system generation planning. This method is used to solve optimum operation in an electric power system by scheduling generator status and calculating the optimal power output of each generator in a power system. The calculation of this method considers several constraints in the power system. A modified IEEE 24 bus system is used as a test system to show the ability of the proposed approach.
The effect of boiler size of distillation to the concentration of bioethanol and yield from fermentation of sweet sorghum juice
Authors: Sarungallo Rosalia Sira , Mellolo A , Melawaty L , Djonny M
Published: August 2020

Bioethanol from sorghum juice can be obtained by the fermentation process involving microorganisms. The distillation process is then carried out to increase the bioethanol concentration. The purpose of this study was to determine optimal of the boiler size from a distillation device based on the concentration of bioethanol final and yield. The bioethanol production research method consists of three stages, namely preparation of raw materials covers cleaning and pressing sorghum stem to get sweet sorghum juice, removal of phenolic compounds by the adsorption method using activated charcoal. Furthermore, the fermentation of sorghum juice is carried out in a batch system. The last stage, the main process of this research is the distillation process at column temperature 70 °C, with variations in the size of boiler A (diameter 7.5; height 29 cm), B (diameter 10 cm; height 20,5 cm), C (diameter 13; height 10 cm). The bioethanol concentration parameters were analyzed using Gas chromatography. The yield calculation is based on the comparison of the volume of bioethanol distillate with the volume of sweet sorghum juice. The results of the optimum bioethanol production research on boiler size C, with final bioethanol concentration (distillate) 75%, final volume of pure bioethanol 16.5 ml, and yield 6.6%.
The development of premarital mobile learning version 3.0 with jquery technology to be learning flexibility premarital course application
Authors: Herlinah  , habibi Baso , Rochman Abd
Published: August 2020

This research activity aims to develop premarital mobile learning applications v 2.0 to become premarital mobile learning v 3.0 based online with the app store. The focus of the application development is more on the flexibility of the application, namely the ease in the process of editing the application’s animated video and e-book content, which will be adjusted to the applicable regulations in the Ministry of Religion. The software v 3.0 premarital mobile learning application that will be designed to build will also be added to the forum feature as a means of communication between the headman, as well as the process of question and answer between the premarital interviewees with the premarital course participants. The approach method used is object-oriented methodology, by implementing UML diagrams as functional modeling, using Javascript programming language, back server database language with php, and using jquery as an interface developer. The framework of application software engineering development with software Development Life Cycle (SDLC), namely the stages of planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. The result of the research achieved are (1). Developing premarital mobile learning application software v 2.0 into premarital mobile learning application v.30 with all the ease of editing the material to be adjusted to the applicable provisions, material content stored in the html tag server (2). The development of version 3.0 with the flexibility of e-book learning, multimedia animation and forums as a means of communication between the premarital interviewees and the premarital course participants.
Sustainable development impact of implementing electric taxis in Jakarta: A cost-benefit analysis
Authors: Sumasto F , Imansuri F , Agus M , Safril  , Wirandi M
Published: August 2020

Due to issues in global warming in the world, the application of replacing fossil fuels to electricity is important to reduce air pollution, especially in the metropolitan area. In 2016, total emissions in Indonesia increased from 11th to 10th in the world and were the highest in ASEAN, so this became the focus in order to reduce emissions. What issues make efforts to change from conventional taxis to electric taxis an important measurement to achieve targets in energy-saving and reduce emissions because electric taxi has the potential to resource savings and to improve urban air quality. This study was conducted to diagnose the potential application of electric taxis by conducting a feasibility study, social impact, and environmental analysis in the implementation of the electric taxis to measure sustainability aspects. In the calculation process, the maintenance cost is estimated to be fixed. The results of this study from the cost-benefit analysis are expected to be able to contribute to the government and the private sectors for decision making towards increasing sustainability in Indonesia.
Ergonomic risk analysis of lecture chairs at the engineering faculty, Hasanuddin University
Authors: Mulyadi  , Nurwahidah Andi , Nismar Satria Dedi
Published: August 2020

Uncomfortable college chairs will cause health problems such as low back pain, etc. In addition to health problems will also affect student productivity and enthusiasm for learning. This study will identify the risk of ergonomics from lecture chairs at the Faculty of Engineering UNHAS and also identify and provide recommendations for examples of lecture chairs that should be used. This research will use several ergonomics methods such as REBA and nordic body map. Nordic body maps are used to identify parts of the body that feel pain when sitting in a college chair, while the REBA method is used to identify ergonomic risks when sitting in a college chair. The results of identification using the Nordic Body Map method found that several parts of the student’s body were aching like the neck, back, waist, buttocks. The next research method is the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment, the identification results obtained all students get a RULA 7 value which indicates changes in body posture or work facilities as soon as possible. The end of this study is the design of ergonomic lecture chairs in accordance with the wishes of students
A Hybrid Firefly and Local Search Algorithms to Solve Orienteering Problems
Authors: Sitompul C , Pramudi R , Setiawan F
Published: August 2020

A satisfied customer is a goal for every tourism agency who put efforts designing a tour route for its customers. The resulting problem often called an orienteering problem attempts to design a route that maximizes customer’s value for all destinations. We propose a firefly algorithm combined with a hybrid of local search algorithms to solve the problem. Our finding however suggests that firefly algorithms cannot outperform Ant Colony (AC) and Genetic Algorithm (GA).
Logistic regression model for user preference of online parking: A study case of Sidoarjo
Authors: Widodo E , Harnaningrum R N , Suparno  , Santoso A
Published: August 2020

This paper investigated the factors affecting user preference of online parking in Sidoarjo Regency of Indonesia, using a binary logistic regression model approach. This model could predict user preference between online and offline parking system. Through a nonprobability convenience sampling technique, structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data from 384 respondents in three different parking location of Sidoarjo. The result of the binary logistic regression model revealed that gender, age, parking frequency, and parking duration are the four main factors that are significantly affect user parking decision. This will be definitely helpful to the government of transportation department as parking policy maker to evolve strategies in encouraging people to use online parking.
Recommendations of ergonomic checkpoints and total ergonomics intervention in the pempek kemplang palembang industry
Authors: Setiawan H , Rinamurti M
Published: August 2020

This study evaluates the potential industrial working environment of the Pempek & Kemplang Palembang. Observation of the work environment found a lot of un-ergonomics impact that has not optimal productivity and exceeds the threshold value of aspects of human health. In order to optimize productivity, the production line is required to work quickly in an ECSHE (Effective, Comfortable, Safety, Health, Efficient) ergonomics for workers. Evaluate the work environment by implementing Ergonomics Checkpoints to see whether the working environment has been running well or not. Ergonomics Checkpoints used in this study include material handling aspects, safety, workstation design, lighting, development of human resources and sources of danger contribute to the value of most incompatibility which becomes the top priority in determining suggestions for improvement. While the Total Ergonomics intervention study includes; work posture, un-ergonomics design tools, un-physiological work, classification of subjectivity level of musculoskeletal system is 55-76 (high risk), classification of subjectivity level of fatigue is 66-79 (high category), physical workload at workload level is 125-150 bpm (weight category), and the %CVL category is 78-85% (rather heavy). To be more holistic the 5S method and participatory training in human resources are also used as a method of evaluating the work environment in this industry.
International Joint Venture (IJV) in emerging economies: Case Study of Automotive Industry
Authors: Nadiyah K , Vojisavljevic V , Amar K
Published: August 2020

International Joint Venture (IJV), a popular form of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), is a favourite mode for automobiles multinational companies (MNCs) to expand into new markets, especially emerging economies. However, many things are considered by MNCs in selecting investment destinations, including industry growth and the quality of destination countries. Therefore, emerging economies need to show their attractiveness to attract MNCs to invest there. This research has analysed the growth of the automotive industry in two emerging economies, India and Indonesia, and its economic impacts, and provides information on the contribution of the IJV to the host country and explains the attractiveness of the two countries, particularly in the automotive field. The findings on the research are useful in giving consideration to MNCs to invest in both countries, especially in the automotive field. Furthermore, it also provides information to emerging economies about the contribution of the IJV company to the host country.
Exploring Mars at the nanoscale: Applications of transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography in planetary exploration
Authors: Daly L , Lee M R , Bagot P , Halpin J , Smith W , Mcfadzean S , O’Brien A C , Griffin S , Hallis L J , Cohen B E
Published: August 2020

The upcoming Mars Sample Return (MSR) mission aims to deliver small quantities of Martian rocks to the Earth. Investigating these precious samples requires the development and application of techniques that can extract the greatest amount of high quality data from the minimum sample volume, thereby maximising science return from MSR. Atom probe tomography (APT) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are two complementary techniques that can obtain nanoscale structural, geochemical and, in the case of atom probe, isotopic information from small sample volumes. Here we describe how both techniques operate, as well as review recent developments in sample preparation protocols. We also outline how APT has been successfully applied to extraterrestrial materials in the recent past. Finally, we describe how we have studied Martian meteorites using TEM and APT in close coordination in order to characterise the products of water/rock interactions in t h e cru st of Ma r s – a k ey sc ie n ce goal of MSR. Our results provide new insights into the Martian hydrosphere and the mechanisms of anhydrous-hydrous mineral replacement. In light of the unique results provided by these tools, APT and TEM should form a crucial part at the culmination of a correlative analytical pipeline for MSR mission materials.
A dictionary indexing approach for EBSD
Authors: De Graef M
Published: August 2020

Dictionary indexing is a new approach to the indexing of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) patterns. In this contribution, we will describe the underlying forward model as well as the indexing approach that uses a similarity metric between experimental and simulated patterns instead of feature extraction. Then we provide a number of example applications drawn from the materials and geological communities.
Analysis of oxide scales on oxidised EN 1.4509 ferritic stainless steel catalyst support by scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Navarro Vicente P , Nuñez Galindo A , Almagro Bello J F , Odriozola J A
Published: August 2020

This study aims to investigate the oxidation behaviour at high temperature of a commercial ferritic stainless steel EN 1.4509. Tests of high temperature oxidation in air were carried out under isothermal condition (950 ºC) with different exposure times in order to obtain the oxidation kinetics law associated to this material. The surface and cross-section were analysed by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM/EDS), where the oxide scales proved to be formed by an external Mn-Cr spinel and an inner chromia layer. These oxides were generated by the migration of metallic cations from the stainless steel to the atmosphere. The size of the generated spinel crystals increased when increasing the exposure time as well as the cross-section thickness did. Moreover, the surface modification of ferritic stainless steel EN1.4509 was studied when platinum is deposited on its surface. The feature of this surface-modified ferritic stainless steel against oxidative atmosphere was evaluated by SEM/EDS. This platinum deposition led to reach a different surface morphology in terms of crystal size and nature.
About the reliability of EBSD measurements: Data enhancement
Authors: Nolze G , Winkelmann A
Published: August 2020

An extensive set of information about the diffracting volume is carried by EBSD patterns: the crystal lattice, the reciprocal lattice, the crystal structure, the crystal symmetry, the mean periodic number of the diffracting phase, the source point from where it has been projected (projection centre), the crystal orientation, the sample topography (local tilt), the (preparation) quality or defect density of the crystal, and possible pattern overlaps. Some of this information is used regularly in conventional EBSD analyses software while others are still waiting for a more widespread application. Despite the wealth of information available, the accuracy and precision of the data that are presently extracted from conventional EBSD patterns are often well below the actual physical limits. Using a selection of example applications, we will demonstrate the gain in angular resolution possible using relatively low-resolution patterns of approximately 20k pixels in combination with pattern matching (PM) approaches. In this way, fine details in a microstructure can be revealed which would otherwise be hidden in the orientation noise.
Fission product distribution in irradiated safety-tested and non-safety-tested AGR-2 TRISO particles
Authors: Wright K E , van Rooyen I J
Published: August 2020

Two similarly-irradiated TRISO nuclear fuel particles, one safety-tested and one not-safety-tested, were examined by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) as part of the advanced gas reactor (AGR) fuel development and qualification programme. The primary objective of this study was to determine the effect of high temperature safety testing on the fission product quantification and distribution. Concentration profiles for fission products were collected along two radii in each particle. Fission product mass balance distribution for both particles was determined by computing the material mass per traverse step-size and multiplying by the weight fraction analysis at that position. Results of these analyses suggest that the non-safety-tested particle contains more fission product mass in the centre 300 µm of the kernel than the safety-tested particle; however, for mobile fission products such as Cs, Xe, Te, Sr, Ba, and Pd, the mass moves out further from the particle centre in the safety-tested particle than the non-safety-tested particle. This mass balance approach to TRISO particle analysis is beneficial at elucidating fission product migration in irradiated and safety-tested particles and will be beneficial in applying to other particles to determine potential irradiation damage effects on the fission product distribution and mobility.
Mechanical Properties and Sustainability of Palm Kernel Shell Powder (PKSP) as a Partial Replacement of Cement
Authors: Vasudevan Gunalaan , Subramaniam Maneswaran
Published: August 2020

This research showed the results of experiments evaluating the use of palm kernel shell powder from palm oil refinery waste production as partial replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). Many researchers have studied the use of agro-waste as constituents in concrete but not as a partial replacement of cement specifically. Therefore, the objective of this research is to identify the performance of palm kernel shell powder as partial replacement of cement in the production of concrete. Palm kernel shell powder in various amounts, namely 5%,10%,15% and 20 % by volume was added as a replacement for Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). The results showed that palm kernel shell powder concrete greatly improved the workability, compressive and flexural strength of concrete. All of the testing were followed the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). The workability of concrete was tested by using slump test to check the consistency of freshly made concrete. For compressive strength, a total of 27 cubes with size 150mm × 150mm × 150mm were used to determine the compressive strength of concrete when replace with 5%, 10%,15% and 20% of palm kernel shell powder as a replacement of cement in concrete. The results showed that palm kernel shell powder concrete greatly improved the compressive and flexural strength of concrete. The rate of water absorption of palm kernel shell powder reduced as palm kernel shell powder filled up the existing voids while making it impermeable. However, the compressive strength of the palm kernel shell powder decreases gradually when the amount increased. It can be concluded that the optimum amount of palm kernel shell powder as partial cement replacement is 15%. In the correction, an experimental investigation of ultrasonic pulse velocity(UPV), carbonation test and rebound hammer test was undertaken to palm kernel shell powder and admixtures as partial replacement cement in concrete.