bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Government of practices and market topographies: Consumption and the challenge of (ab)normality
Authors: Gicquel Yohan
Published: February 2017

The omnipresence of norms on the market requires us to question their influence on consumption practices, how to study them, design them and manage them. Drawing on the work of Foucault, this article sets out to test prior research on consumption against the norm, normality and deviance. Given the political nature of (ab)normalisation, three government modes and market topographies (anthropemous, anthropophagous and mutualist) can be identified based on the primary political models that shape them (conservatism, liberalism and communism). The author concludes by challenging the role of the researcher in the politicisation of practices and emphasises the risks of failing to consider the norm and (ab)normality in consumption research.
A Tale of Four Platforms: Motivations and Uses of Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Snapchat Among College Students?
Authors: Alhabash Saleem , Ma Mengyan
Published: February 2017

The current research explores differences between Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Snapchat in terms of intensity of use, time spent daily on the platform, and use motivations. The study applies the uses and gratifications (U&G) approach to contrast the four platforms. A cross-sectional survey of college students ( N = 396) asked participants to indicate the intensity of using Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Snapchat as well as nine different use motivations. Findings show that participants spent the most time daily on Instagram, followed by Snapchat, Facebook, and Twitter, respectively. They also indicated the highest use intensity for Snapchat and Instagram (nearly equally), followed by Facebook and Twitter, respectively. With regard to use motivations, Snapchat takes the lead in five of the nine motivations. Findings are discussed in relation to the U&G approach and uniqueness of different social media and social networking sites (SNSs).
A clash-of-civilizations prism in German media? Documenting a shift from political to religious framing of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict
Authors: Lopatin Esther , Samuel-Azran Tal , Galily Yair
Published: February 2017

The impact of political events on media’s conflict coverage prism is widely established. To assess the role of mounting tensions between Muslims and non-Muslims in Europe in 2013–2014 on German media’s coverage prism of Muslim-related conflicts, this article compares coverage of the 2008 and 2014 Israeli military operations in Gaza by three major German newspapers. The empirical analysis indicates a dramatic rise in the use of religious terms in 2014, most notably in conservative newspaper Die Welt, and offers evidence of a shift from politics-centered framing of the 2008 Gaza operation to a more religious-centered framing of the 2014 Gaza War. We discuss wider implications of the findings, including their support for the relevance of the clash-of-civilizations theory to contemporary media’s conflict coverage modus operandi.
The public sphere as an essentially contested concept: A co-citation analysis of the last 20 years of public sphere research
Authors: Rauchfleisch Adrian
Published: February 2017

The public sphere was both one of the most popular and most debated concepts in political philosophy in the 20th century. It is one of the few concepts that has attracted attention from a wide range of disciplines. Despite the already rich intellectual history of the concept, many scholars still disagree over its proper use and definition. The purpose of this article is to review recent research into the public sphere with a co-citation analysis. A citation analysis helps to obtain a broader view of the development of the concept in different disciplines. Such an approach is of importance because the concept of the public sphere is neither fixed nor stable, as is typical for an essentially contested concept. Rather than finding the most prominent or even “right” interpretation of the concept, the primary goal of this study is to explore the evolvement and differentiation of the concept in different domains and disciplines over time. In such an analysis, the whole corpus of academic literature focusing on the public sphere as a concept can be captured. In a first step, I introduce the concept of the public sphere as an essentially contested concept. In a second step, I analyze 5386 publications from the last 20 years with a co-citation analysis. Based on the data, I identify different research communities, analyze the development of the communities and topics over time, and empirically observe some of the conditions of an essentially contested concept.
Defining the Long-Toss: A Professional Baseball Epidemiological Study
Authors: Stone Austin V. , Mannava Sandeep , Patel Anita , Marquez-Lara Alejandro , Freehill Michael T.
Published: February 2017

Background:

Despite widespread use of long-toss throwing in baseball as a component of arm conditioning, interval throwing programs, and rehabilitation, long-toss distance and throwing mechanics remain controversial.

Purpose:

To ascertain the perceived definition of long-toss throwing through a survey of professional pitchers, pitching coaches (PCs), and certified athletic trainers (ATCs) associated with Major League Baseball.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

Pitchers, PCs, and ATCs associated with 5 Major League Baseball organizations completed an anonymous survey that collected demographic data, personal use of long-toss throwing, and their perception of the distance and throwing mechanics that comprised long-toss.

Results:

A total of 321 surveys were completed by 271 pitchers, 19 PCs, and 31 ATCs. For all respondents, the mean distance considered as long-toss was 175 ft (95% CI, 170-181 ft). Respondents categorized the throwing mechanics of long-toss, with 36% reporting throwing “on a line” and 70% reporting long-toss as “not on a line.” Of those throwing “on a line,” 28% reported using crow-hop footwork while 60% used crow-hop footwork when throwing “not on a line.” Interpretation of long-toss distance significantly varied by position: pitchers, 177 ft (95% CI, 171-183 ft); PCs, 177 ft (95% CI, 155-200 ft); and ATCs, 157 ft (95% CI, 144-169 ft) ( P = .048). When asked when long-toss throwing is used, pitchers reported using it more frequently in preseason ( P = .007), during the season ( P = .015), and in the off-season ( P = .002) compared with that by ATCs. Functional goals for long-toss throwing demonstrated that pitchers and PCs use long-toss for shoulder stretching more frequently than ATCs ( P < .001 and P = .026, respectively). ATCs used long-toss more than pitchers for interval throwing programs ( P < .001).

Conclusion:

The definition varies for long-toss throwing distance and throwing mechanics. Pitchers and PCs believe that long-toss comprised longer distances than ATCs and employed long-toss differently for strength conditioning, training, stretching, and rehabilitation. This discrepancy highlights a potential lost opportunity for protecting the shoulder. While long-toss is an important tool, a more scientific definition is warranted to better elucidate its role in enhancing throwing performance and rehabilitation.
Association Between Lateral Posterior Tibial Slope, Body Mass Index, and ACL Injury Risk
Authors: Bojicic Katherine M. , Beaulieu Mélanie L. , Imaizumi Krieger Daniel Y. , Ashton-Miller James A. , Wojtys Edward M.
Published: February 2017

Background:

While body mass index (BMI), a modifiable parameter, and knee morphology, a nonmodifiable parameter, have been identified as risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture, the interaction between them remains unknown. An understanding of this interaction is important because greater compressive axial force (perhaps due to greater BMI) applied to a knee that is already at an increased risk because of its geometry, such as a steep lateral posterior tibial slope, could further increase the probability of ACL injury.

Purpose:

To quantify the relationship between BMI and select knee morphological parameters as potential risk factors for ACL injury.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Sagittal knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) files from 76 ACL-injured and 42 uninjured subjects were gathered from the University of Michigan Health System’s archive. The posterior tibial slope (PTS), middle cartilage slope (MCS), posterior meniscus height (PMH), and posterior meniscus bone angle (MBA) in the lateral compartment were measured using MRI. BMI was calculated from demographic data. The association between the knee structural factors, BMI, and ACL injury risk was explored using univariate and multivariate logistic regression.

Results:

PTS ( P = .043) and MCS ( P = .037) significantly predicted ACL injury risk. As PTS and MCS increased by 1°, odds of sustaining an ACL injury increased by 12% and 13%, respectively. The multivariate logistic regression analysis, which included PTS, BMI centered around the mean (cBMI), and their interaction, showed that this interaction predicted the odds of ACL rupture ( P = .050; odds ratio, 1.03). For every 1-unit increase in BMI from the average that is combined with a 1° increase in PTS, the odds of an ACL tear increased by 15%.

Conclusion:

An increase in BMI was associated with increased risk of ACL tear in the presence of increased lateral posterior tibial slope. Larger values of PTS or MCS were associated with an increased risk of ACL tear.
Beyond Intervention
Authors: Podlesnik Christopher A. , Kelley Michael E.
Published: February 2017

Individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other developmental disabilities are at risk of engaging in severe problem behavior, including aggression and self-injury. Severe problem behavior is an obstacle to proper education and integration into society. Therefore, eliminating severe problem behavior is key to long-term academic and social success. However, problem behavior can be persistent in the face of interventions and likely to relapse following successful intervention. This article describes basic and translational research relevant to understanding what influences the persistence and relapse of severe problem behavior in individuals diagnosed with ASD and other developmental disabilities. Investing in research to better understand persistence and relapse will pay dividends for clients, parents, clinicians, and society in general.
Financial Incentives for Reducing Smoking and Promoting Other Health-Related Behavior Change in Vulnerable Populations
Authors: Higgins Stephen T. , Davis Danielle R. , Kurti Allison N.
Published: February 2017

Substantial reductions in U.S. cigarette smoking and associated chronic diseases over the past 50 years have benefited health. Unfortunately, those reductions have distributed unevenly throughout the population. Smoking remains prevalent and even increasing among certain vulnerable populations: economically disadvantaged groups, those with other substance-use disorders or mental illness, certain ethnic and racial minorities, and gender and sexual minorities. Moreover, other unhealthy behavior patterns (physical inactivity, unhealthy food choices, risky sexual behavior, poor adherence to medical preventive regimens) and associated chronic diseases are also overrepresented in many of these same populations. Disparities in unhealthy behavior patterns contribute to health disparities and escalating health care costs, underscoring the need for more effective behavior-change strategies. This report reviews research on the efficacy of financial incentives for reducing smoking in vulnerable populations, while also touching on applications of that behavior-change strategy for promoting other health-related behavior changes in vulnerable populations.
Treating Chronic Stress to Address the Growing Problem of Depression and Anxiety
Authors: Steffen Patrick R. , Austin Tara , DeBarros Andrea
Published: February 2017

Depression and anxiety are undertreated and represent a growing health crisis and economic burden. Current treatment approaches (medications, psychotherapy) appear insufficient to resolve these problems. Difficulties with current treatment approaches include cost, side effects, and stigma. Given that depression and anxiety share significant features and a common etiology in chronic stress, an effective approach to reduce depression and anxiety may be to reduce chronic stress. Chronic stress is on the rise, with more than one third of Americans reporting high levels of stress with which they feel they cannot adequately cope. Treating chronic stress at the population level has the potential to reduce the rising tide of depression and anxiety. Biofeedback and mindfulness are two interventions that demonstrably reduce stress and negative mood, are cost and time-effective, have no side effects, and have minimal stigma relative to medications and psychotherapy.
Behavior Science and Environmental Health Policy
Authors: Newland M. Christopher , Bailey Jordan M.
Published: February 2017

Environmental levels of hazardous chemicals, including methylmercury (MeHg), are manyfold higher now than during the preindustrial era. Behavior analysis and other basic and clinical sciences have contributed significantly to identifying and characterizing the neurobehavioral effects of these chemicals, often well before knowing the biological mechanisms of toxicity. The study of MeHg illustrates how our contemporary understanding of the motor, sensory, and cognitive effects of exposure has come from experimental laboratory models using advanced behavioral techniques, as well as carefully planned studies of exposed populations. These have informed environmental policies related to MeHg’s release into the environment and human consumption of this contaminant. Toxicity assessments based on only existing approaches to human cognitive testing, however, might underestimate its adverse effects because they do not reflect the complete picture of MeHg’s behavioral toxicity. Basic and applied behavioral science should have a future role in environmental policy decisions.
Developing Melodic Dictation Pedagogy: A Survey of College Theory Instructors
Authors: Paney Andrew S. , Buonviri Nathan O.
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this study was to identify pedagogical approaches to melodic dictation used by college music theory instructors at National Association of Schools of Music accredited institutions. Instructors ( N = 270) from 45 states responded to an online survey targeting melodic dictation instruction in their freshman theory courses. Results indicated that instructors: Chose pitch systems that emphasized scale degree function and rhythm systems that emphasized the meter, acknowledged the difficulty of compound meter for students, and advocated listening to a dictation completely before beginning to write. Respondents also listed the textbooks, software programs, and Web sites they used to supplement instruction and the types of music they chose for dictation assessments. Their replies to free-response questions highlighted several challenges of teaching dictation and aural skills in general. Knowledge of these instructional trends could be helpful when evaluating K–12 music curricula, especially for students who plan to major in music in college. The results of this study may benefit both college instructors and K–12 music educators in that their students face similar challenges and seek corresponding solutions.
Differential timing of neurogenesis underlies dorsal-ventral topographic projection of olfactory sensory neurons
Authors: Eerdunfu  , Ihara Naoki , Ligao Bao , Ikegaya Yuji , Takeuchi Haruki
Published: February 2017

Background

The mammalian primary olfactory system has a spatially-ordered projection in which olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) located in the dorsomedial (DM) and ventrolateral (VL) region of the olfactory epithelium (OE) send their axons to the dorsal and ventral region of the olfactory bulb (OB), respectively. We previously found that OSN axonal projections occur sequentially, from the DM to the VL region of the OE. The differential timing of axonal projections is important for olfactory map formation because early-arriving OSN axons secrete guidance cues at the OB to help navigate late-arriving OSN axons. We hypothesized that the differential timing of axonal projections is regulated by the timing of OSN neurogenesis. To test this idea, we investigated spatiotemporal patterns of OSN neurogenesis during olfactory development.

Methods and results

To determine the time of OSN origin, we used two thymidine analogs, BrdU and EdU, which can be incorporated into cells in the S-phase of the cell-cycle. We injected these two analogs at different developmental time points and analyzed distribution patterns of labeled OSNs. We found that OSNs with different dates of origin were differentially distributed in the OE. The majority of OSNs generated at the early stage of development were located in the DM region of the OE, whereas OSNs generated at the later stage of development were preferentially located in the VL region of the OE.

Conclusions

These results indicate that the number of OSNs is sequentially increased from the DM to the VL axis of the OE. Moreover, the temporal sequence of OSN proliferation correlates with that of axonal extension and emergence of glomerular structures in the OB. Thus, we propose that the timing of OSN neurogenesis regulates that of OSN axonal projection and thereby helps preserve the topographic order of the olfactory glomerular map along the dorsal–ventral axis of the OB.
Formal mentorship in a surgical residency training program: A prospective interventional study
Authors: Zhang Han , Isaac Andre , Wright Erin D. , Alrajhi Yaser , Seikaly Hadi
Published: February 2017

Background

Otolaryngology-Head and Neck surgery resident physicians (OHNSR) have a high prevalence of burnout, job dissatisfaction and stress as shown within the literature. Formal mentorship programs (FMP) have a proven track record of enhancing professional development and academic success. More importantly FMP have an overall positive impact on residents and assist in improving job satisfaction. The purpose of the study is to determine the effects of a FMP on the well-being of OHNSR.

Methods

A FMP was established and all OHNSR participation was voluntary. Eight OHNSR participated in the program. Perceived Stress Survey (PSS) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) were administered at baseline and then at 3, 6, 9, and 12 month intervals. World Health Quality of Life-Bref Questionnaire (WH-QOL) was administered at baseline and at 12 months.

Results

Baseline statistics found a significant burden of stress and burnout with an average PSS of 18.5 with a high MBI of 47.6, 50.6, and 16.5 for the emotional, depersonalization, and personal achievement domains respectively. Quality of life was also found to be low with a WH-QOL score of 71.9. After implementation of the FMP, PSS was reduced to 14.5 at 3 months ( p = 0.174) and a statistically significant lower value of 7.9 at 12 months ( p = 0.001). Participants were also found to have lower emotional scores (14.9, p < 0.0001), levels of depersonalization (20.1, p < 0.0001), and higher personal achievement (42.5, p < 0.0001) on MBI testing at 12 months. Overall quality values using the WH-QOL was also found to be significantly improved (37.5, P = 0.003) with statistically significant lower scores for the physical health (33.9, p = 0.003), psychological (41.1, p = 0.001), social relationship (46.9, p = 0.019), and environment (53.5, p = 0.012) domains.

Conclusion

This is the first study to show that FMP can potentially alleviate high levels of stress and burnout within a surgical residency program and achieve higher levels of personal satisfaction as well as overall quality of life.
n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation in psoriasis: a review
Authors: Mari Naiara Lourenço , Simão Andréa Name Colado , Dichi Isaias
Published: February 2017

Psoriasis is an immune mediated chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology and characterized by epidermal hyperplasia and inappropriate immune activation, which affects the skin and joints as well.The immunopathogenesis of psoriasis involves changes in the innate and acquired (T lymphocytes) immune system. The cells of the innate immune system when activated produce growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines that act on cells of the acquired immune system and vice versa, being characterized as atype 1 immune response disease. Fish oil n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly eicosapentaenoic (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA), reduce symptoms in many inflammatory skin diseases. The mechanism of action of fish oil in the treatment of psoriasis is widely based on the alteration of epidermal and blood cell membrane lipid composition. In the present study, we performed a review of the several studies, which analyzed the action of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in patients with psoriasis. Taken together, the majority of the studies showed that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly from marine origin, have beneficial effects and can be utilized as adjuvant therapy in psoriasis treatment. Both oral and intravenous administration of fish oil n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids had positive effects. However, further studies are warranted to answer many intriguing questions, for instance, the ideal quantity of fish oil to be utilized, the effect on different forms and severity of psoriasis and last, but not least, the consequences of using fish oil n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the cardiovascular features of patients with psoriasis.
Age-dependent QTL affecting body weight in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.)
Authors: LOUKOVITIS D. , CHATZIPLIS D. , BATARGIAS C.
Published: February 2017

We examined 24 maternal half-sib families of gilthead seabream to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with body weight at four time points during a production cycle. 57 brooders and 637 offspring were genotyped for 14 informative microsatellite markers, spanning linkage groups 1 and 21. The QTL detection method was based on half-sib interval mapping analysis through a linear regression approach. One QTL was found significant at all time points in linkage group 1, with its effect having different profile across time, and one QTL in linkage group 21 that seems to impact body weight at a later growth stage of the species. Current results verified previously published QTL for growth in the above linkage groups, using a different genetic background of seabream. These QTL can be considered as valuable candidates for use in marker-assisted selective breeding programs, aiming at high rates of genetic improvement for growth in S. aurata.
Oocyte batch development and enumeration in the European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus)
Authors: FERRERI R. , GANIAS K. , GENOVESE S. , FONTANA I. , GIACALONE G. , BONANNO A. , MAZZOLA S. , ARONICA S. , MANGANO S. , BASILONE G.
Published: February 2017

An alternative method to the traditional hydrated oocyte (HO) method has been evaluated for the Sicilian anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus. The method is based on the processing of ovarian whole mount images and the identification of the spawning batch in oocyte size frequency distributions and shows the advantage that it can be applied to various oocyte stages rather than strictly to the HO stage. Despite the peculiar elliptical shape of anchovy oocytes, this image analysis technique was fully successful since the yolked stage appeared to perform equally to the HO stage for anchovy batch fecundity measurements.
Copepod community along the Mediterranean coast of Morocco (Southwestern Alboran Sea) during spring
Authors: BERRAHO A. , ABDELOUAHAB H. , CHARIB S. , ESSARRAJ S. , LARISSI J. , ABDELLAOUI B. , CHRISTOU E. D.
Published: February 2017

Copepod community along the Mediterranean Moroccan coast was investigated, for the first time, during April 2013. Total abundance varied from 53 to 4557 ind. m-3 and high values were found in coastal waters. Oithona nana and Paracalanus parvus dominated in the entire area and species diversity was decreasing from the West to the East. Hierarchical clustering revealed three groups of stations, depending on their geographic position (western, central and eastern areas). Indicator species analysis pointed out that Clausocalanus furcatus and Gaetanus sp. were significantly associated with Group I, Clausocalanus sp., Centropages sp. and Centropages chierchiae with Group II, whereas Temora longicornis was significantly associated with Group III. Detrended Correspondence Analysis based on the species abundance and environmental variables (temperature, salinity, chlorophyll-a), highlighted a more or less similar setting of stations which was related to salinity and temperature. The presence of three anticyclonic gyres at the northern part of the study area is suggested as the major factor acting on the variability of copepod community along the Mediterranean Moroccan coast.
Population dynamics and secondary production of Donax trunculus (Mollusca, Bivalvia) in the Gulf of Annaba (Northeast Algeria)
Authors: HAFSAOUI I. , DRAREDJA B. , LASOTA R. , COMO S. , MAGNI P.
Published: February 2017

The population dynamics and secondary production of the wedge clam Donax trunculus were studied in the Gulf of Annaba (Northeast Algeria) monthly for one year at a site close to the Annaba port and the Seybouse river, affected by industrial and agricultural pollution (Sidi Salem), and at a site more distant from major pollution sources, but exploited by fishery (Echatt). The number of individuals (N) was lower at Sidi Salem (36–148 ind m-2) than at Echatt (63–272 ind m-2) in most sampling dates, while the biomass was more variable from one date to another, with no consistent pattern of differences between sites. The condition index (CI), although slightly higher at Sidi Salem than at Echatt, showed at both sites a major increase in March/April, June/July and October, reflecting two main periods of gonads development and increase in the level of stored reserves at the end of the reproductive period. Consistently, the recruitment of D. trunculus ran from April to October with a major peak of abundance in spring and a minor one in early fall. The maximum age of D. trunculus was 3 years and the growth rate was highest in the first year. Annual somatic production (P) was lower at Sidi Salem (0.773 g AFDM m-2 yr-1) than at Echatt (1.262 g AFDM m-2 yr-1), possibly reflecting a lower mean annual biomass at Sidi Salem (1.642 AFDM m-2) than at Echatt (3.046 AFDM m-2), while the annual P/B ratio was similar between the two sites (i.e. 0.471 and 0.414 yr-1, respectively). Lower N and P at Sidi Salem compared to Echatt are consistent with the proximity of Sidi Salem to the industrial port of Annaba and low hydrodynamic conditions which may favor the accumulation of pollutants, such as hydrocarbons. On the other hand, moderate secondary production of D. trunculus at Echatt compared to other Mediterranean sites may be due to excessive harvesting. We suggest that the low secondary production described in this study should be taken into account for the development of sustainable strategies of clam exploitation in the Gulf of Annaba. In particular, effort should be made to reduce land-based pollution and to regulate the collection of D. trunculus according to the life cycle and production potential of this species.
Dinoflagellate cysts production in the north-western Adriatic Sea
Authors: BASTIANINI M. , TOTTI C. , PENNA A. , LAZZARI A. DE , MONTRESOR M.
Published: February 2017

A sediment trap study was conducted in the Gulf of Venice, north-western Adriatic Sea, from April to December 2005 to assess relationships between planktonic dinoflagellates and cyst production. Every month, CTD profiles and discrete samplings for phytoplankton, nutrients and particulate matter were conducted. Cyst fluxes spanned from 90 to 127,600 cysts m-2 d-1 and major peaks were due to a small cyst attributed to cf. Biecheleria and to calcareous cysts of Scrippsiella trochoidea. A good correspondence between cyst fluxes in sediment traps and the presence of the corresponding vegetative cells in the water column was detected for Lingulodinium polyedrum, and species of the genera Spiniferites,Gonyaulax and Protoperidinium. A PCR method applied to surface sediment samples allowed the identification of a number of potentially harmful dinoflagellate cysts (Alexandrium minutum, A. tamutum, A. taylorii, Lingulodinium polyedrum and Protoceratium reticulatum).
Putting occupation back into occupational activity
Authors: Haythorne Rebecca
Published: February 2017

Occupational therapists can have a significant impact in improving the quality of life for those living in care. In this article, Rebecca Haythorne reflects on her first role as a newly qualified occupational therapist working in residential and nursing homes
Key CQC inspection questions: is your care home effective?
Authors: Challinor Ben
Published: February 2017

One of the five key questions CQC inspectors ask when assessing a care home is ‘Is it effective?’. In this article, Ben Challinor discusses the importance of providing person-centred care in achieving an outstanding rating on the inspection report
Research reveals England's ‘entrenched literacy problems’
Authors: Henshaw Pete
Published: February 2017

A total of 458 out of 533 Parliamentary constituencies have at least one ward with serious literacy issues, National Literacy Trust says
Effective communication
Authors: Stanley Julian
Published: February 2017

Good communication can go a long way to resolving many conflicts and causes of stress and anxiety. Julian Stanley offers his advice
Fundoplication for laryngopharyngeal reflux despite preoperative dysphagia
Authors: Falk GL , Van der Wall H , Burton L , Falk MG , O’Donnell H , Vivian SJ
Published: February 2017

INTRODUCTION

Fundoplication for laryngopharyngeal disease with oesophageal dysmotility has led to mixed outcomes. In the presence of preoperative dysphagia and oesophageal dysmotility, this procedure has engendered concern in certain regards.

METHODS

This paper describes a consecutive series of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) patients with a high frequency of dysmotility. Patients were selected for surgery with 24-hour dual channel pH monitoring, oesophageal manometry and standardised reflux scintigraphy.

RESULTS

Following careful patient selection, 33 patients underwent fundoplication by laparoscopy. Surgery had high efficacy in symptom control and there was no adverse dysphagia.

CONCLUSIONS

Evidence of proximal reflux can select a group of patients for good results of fundoplication for atypical symptoms.
Genealogía inmediata de los discursos del buen vivir en Ecuador (1992-2016)
Authors: Cubillo-Guevara Ana Patricia
Published: February 2017

En este artículo se presenta un análisis genealógico de los tres discursos del buen vivir (indigenista, socialista y post-desarrollista) en Ecuador entre 1992 y 2016. Para ello nos planteamos tres objetivos: determinar la emergencia del concepto de buen vivir en los discursos políticos en Ecuador, describir su evolución desde entonces hasta la actualidad e identificar las imposturas implícitas en los mismos.
Una ciudad inconexa. El desastre en Puerto Príncipe
Authors: Moreno Segura Laura Natalia
Published: February 2017

Tras el sismo del 2010 cientos de programas de ayuda internacional se desplegaron en Puerto Príncipe con el ánimo de restablecer el orden y la vida perdida bajo los escombros. Seis años después de la tragedia, la ciudad que va emergiendo, en efecto, se parece mucho a la de antes, pues las construcciones inseguras, los barrios insalubres, las dificultades de acceso a los servicios de base siguen estando presentes en la vida de sus habitantes. En este artículo se indagan, antes que los efectos visibles de la reconstrucción, los programas inconexos y los órdenes múltiplemente incomprendidos que impiden que la ciudad sea ensamblada.
Pugna de poderes y salidas anticipadas: explicando la modalidad de resolución de las crisis presidenciales
Authors: Aversa Cecilia Inés
Published: February 2017

Este artículo explica por qué algunas crisis presidenciales culminan con la renuncia del presidente y otras desencadenan su remoción. Los resultados de la investigación sugieren que: a) algunas de las variables que moldean la relación Ejecutivo-Legislativo y desencadenan la inestabilidad política explican también la forma en que ésta se resuelve en el marco del régimen presidencial; y que b) la influencia aislada de estos factores relevantes no explica, por sí misma, las modalidades de salida anticipada de los mandatarios electos.
La reprise de l’immigration africaine à La Réunion à la fin du XIXème siècle:de la traite déguisée à l’engagement de travail libre
Authors: Chaillou-Atrous Virginie
Published: February 2017

In the last decades of the nineteenth century, La Réunion, which had barely overcome a serious sugar production crisis, found itself deprived of its only source of foreign laborers. In effect, the denunciation of the Franco-British Convention by the English government in 1882 compromised the recruitment of hired laborers of Indian origin. Disconcerted, the planters of La Réunion once again put forward the idea, which had never been abandoned, of an official return of African immigration. The closure of the slave markets of Zanzibar and the abolition of slavery in the Portuguese colonies necessarily required new methods of recruitment. The renewal of African indenture in 1887 was subordinated to the establishment of a Franco-Portuguese accord, and benefited from revised legislation. Ephemeral and of minor importance, African immigration did not fill the void left by the Indians. Competing with the recruitment of other foreign powers, the Réunionnais were unable to enlist sufficient numbers of workers. In contrast with their predecessors in the 1850s, the majority of hired Africans who arrived at the end of the nineteenth century were free Portuguese subjects. Their stay on the island was of short duration and they requested, en masse, their repatriation. The planters thereby ceased, permanently, their recruitment efforts in East Africa at the beginning of the twentieth century and progressively resorted to the use of a local work force.
Solving Richardsâ€™ nonlinear PDE modeling dynamic from water in unsaturated zone by a new numerical method called SBA
Authors: Yelingue Ben-Sthal Sakoma , Sawadogo Wenddabo Olivier , Some Blaise
Published: February 2017

In this paper the partial derivative equation strongly nonlinear of Richards which models the dynamics of water in the Un-saturated Zone (UZ) was linearized and solved by a new numerical method called SBA. The analytical solution has been simulated in order to be applied later to the following in unsaturated zone with the aquifers of Bangui and its boundaries.
Investigating and comparing the relationship between parental monitoring types and perceived parenting styles of the Turkish students
Authors: Öğretir Özçelik Ayse Dilek
Published: February 2017

The relationship between parental monitoring and parental styles are considered as an important subject for child development field. The aim of this article is to analyze the perceptions of the adolescents about their parents’ parental monitoring and parenting styles in terms of the participants’ gender, family education and family jobs status. The sample size is 252 adolescents with 158 female nd 94 male students. The data were collected by the Parental Monitoring Instrument (PMI) and the Parenting Styles Scale. The sample was chosen from one Anatolian high school in Ankara, one Multi-Programme High School in Çankırı and one Multi-Programme High School in Yozgat with simple and random sampling. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences between mother acceptance/warmth and gender scores t(250)=3,281 and mother control and gender scores t(250)=2,263; p<0.05. The study also analyzed the relationship between adolescent ages and grades as well as the number of children, mothers’ ages and fathers’ ages and the parental style with some statistically significant results. The one-way ANOVA results indicated that there are statistically significant differences between adolescents’ perceptions of parental monitoring sub-scales and the mothers’ parenting styles sub-scales. Except computer monitoring, in all parental monitoring sub-scales, the mothers parenting styles have shown statistically significant differences.
Clinical Study of 23 Male Patients with Congenital Ventral Penile Angulation without Hypospadias
Authors: Patoulias Ioannis , Patoulias Dimitrios , Farmakis Konstantinos , Kalogirou Maria
Published: February 2017

Congenital ventral penile angulation without hypospadias is a rare disease and causes great anxiety to the parents. The aim of our study is the presentation of this disease, especially the indications of surgical treatment and the protocol applied in our clinic. We retrospectively studied 23 male patients aged 2.5 to 7 years old (av 5.2 y) with important penile angulation (over 45°) without hypospadias, treated during the past 15 years in our department. In 9 patients the cause was the skin chordee (fibrosis of the ventral part of the prepuce), in 4 the fibrotic fascia (incomplete development of dartos and Buck’s fascia) and in 10 the disproportion of the corpora cavernosa. No case of congenital short urethra was reported. In our opinion, the appliance of the algorithm suggested by Donnahoo KK et al. in uncomplicated cases, along with the experience of the surgical team, results in satisfactory treatment and avoidance of complications.
Fibroblast Growth Factor-1 Suppresses TGF-β-Mediated Myofibroblastic Differentiation of Rat Hepatic Stellate Cells
Authors: Peterová Eva , Podmolíková Lucie , Řezáčová Martina , Mrkvicová Alena
Published: February 2017

Myofibroblast expansion is a critical event in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. The activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) to myofibroblast (MFB) results in the enhanced production of extracellular matrix (ECM). In this study, we explored the effect of acidic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-1) treatment on a transforming growth factor (TGF-β1) induced MFB conversion. We used HSC-T6 cell line, which represents well-established model of activated HSC. These cells strongly expressed α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibronectin (FN-EDA) after stimulation with TGF-β1, which is a stimulus for MFB differentiation and ECM production. FGF-1 reduced proteins expression to levels comparable with untreated cells. Mild repression of secreted gelatinases was seen in culture media after FGF-1 treatment. The exposure of cells to collagen gel leads to changes in cell morphology and in expression of MFB markers. Lack of α-SMA in cells embedded to collagen gel was detected. When stimulated with TGF-β1, the cells increased expression of FN-EDA, but not α-SMA. Although the cells on plastic and in collagen gel show different properties, FGF-1 reduced expression of FN-EDA in both conditions. Disrupting TGF-β1 signalling pathway represents a potential strategy for the treatment of fibrosis. We showed that FGF-1 could antagonize signals initiated by TGF-β1.
„Królowa chaosu, niezrównoważona emocjonalnie, histeryczka trzaskająca drzwiami” – leksykalne sposoby wartościowania w tekstach prasowych poświęconych Ewie Kopacz (na materiale wybranych tygodników opinii z września 2014 roku)
Authors: Budzyńska-Łazarewicz Magdalena
Published: February 2017

Is to present lexical ways of evaluation, which are present in press articles dedicated to the election of E. Kopacz for prime minister. The study material consists of articles published in eight public opinion weeklies, which were published in Poland in September of 2014. They are journals with different ideological profiles. Among the noted lexical terms, there are primarily-evaluative as well as descriptively-evaluative expressions. These are adjectives, adverbs, participles, pronouns and modality indicators. Numerously represented are statements in which the authors report affirmations that evaluate other people. The analysed terms invoke, most of all, the utilitarian, perfectionist, cognitive, socially-custom criterion. Among the noted terms, the majority consists of those with a negative value mark. As it turned out, the ideological engagement of periodicals had a slight impact on the media image of E. Kopacz. An almost solely negative evaluation was present in conservative press. However, the press, which can be described as liberal, also pointed the weaknesses of the new prime minister, recalling negative opinions about her. It did it, however, in a more veiled manner.
Tabloidyzacja prasy opiniotwórczej na przykładzie artykułów publicystycznych w tygodniku „Wprost”
Authors: Kasiak Mateusz
Published: February 2017

Article is focused on the problem of tabloidisation of contemporary opinion journalism. The author argues with traditional understanding of tabloid, showing as an example tabloidisation of weekly opinion. The aim of the article is to show how the tabloidisation in journalistic articles of weekly “Wprost” looks like. The phenomenom of tabloidisation is illustrated based on the analysis of articles describing Kamila Durczok. How the tabloidisation was achieved there? It is more than one way. Analyses of texts show a few methods. Both the choice of subject and the construction of text, visual structure and language of text determine the tabloidisation. Analyses show also the real functions of using tabloidisation in the weekly opinion.
Idiolekt Bolesława Prusa. Przegląd najnowszych ustaleń
Authors: Czachorowska Magdalena
Published: February 2017

This article is intended to approximate arrangements for features characteristic writing of Prus, from the publication of monographs, which appeared in the last decade, after 2006, because they are not as well known as the earlier comments on writer’s idolect placed even in studies Bystroń or Bachórz. Notes on writing of Prus has been divided into several thematic areas: vocabulary topography (depicting the formation of landscape, the author’s preferred method of constructing space and filling it with specific object), color names (the world of colours, which enabled the writer to expose an entire palette of colour and shade names), floral vocabulary, used by the writer, war and military (this article contains an overview of the functions of military language within nomina militaria in the works of Bolesław Prus for example) and trade vocabulary.
Kilka uwag o polskiej terminologii chemicznej 2. połowy XIX wieku
Authors: Jankowiak Lucyna Agnieszka
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this article is to present a source that has so far remained unused in the historical research of the Polish chemical terminology of the second half of the 19th century – Słownik terminologii lekarskiej polskiej [English: Polish Medical Terminology Dictionary] of 1881. This dictionary is a result of the efforts which the Polish medical doctors undertook to organise the Polish medical terminology in the 19th century. It also contains chemical terms. What is important, the dictionary demonstrates a phase of competition between two terminology schools: the Cracow school and the Warsaw school, juxtaposing various terms (mainly in synonymic strings) proposed by these schools.
Rodzina i sprawy rodzinne w staropolskich pismach polemicznych
Authors: Kamieniecki Jan
Published: February 2017

The article presents ways of using motives related to family matters in Old Polish documents written by catholic and Protestant polemicists in both metaphorical and reality oriented content. As the analysed materials shows it was a common practice to use family related motives in religious polemics and to describe real or fictitious pathological phenomena. However, there is no a positive vision of marriage and family in the discussed polemic works. Recalling phenomena unacceptable for the society of that period was aimed at creating a proper image of a religious opponent. However, it led to significant simplification of theological argumentation.
Neologizmy w korespondencji prywatnej Henryka Sienkiewicza
Authors: Mariak Leonarda
Published: February 2017

The aim of this article is to examine the structure and the functions of neologisms included in the private letters of Henryk Sienkiewicz. The analysis of the lexis presented in this paper reveals that the writer tended to use the word-formative neologisms, semantical neologisms and functional neologisms most frequently. The expressive function of this neologisms is the prevailing one.
A C-reaktív protein (CRP) plazmaszintjének prognosztikai jelentősége az onkológiában
Authors: Deme Dániel , Telekes András
Published: February 2017

Abstract:

Chronic inflammation has a key role in the pathogenesis of malignancy. C-reactive protein (CRP) is produced due to the induction of inflammatory cytokines primarily in hepatocytes. In case of malignant diseases CRP might be elevated without any other condition of inflammation. Thus in the literature the authors searched for correlation between CRP levels and the course of malignant diseases. Normal CRP level measured at baseline correlates with longer overall survival in early staged malignancies. Lower CRP level at baseline predicts better prognosis in locally advanced or metastatic stages. Based on the available data, baseline CRP might be a prognostic factor in oncological diseases. Further prospective studies are warranted in various locally advanced and metastatic malignancies to clarify a possible prognostic and predictive role of CRP. Orv. Hetil., 2017, 158(7), 243–256.
A komputertomográfia jelentősége az eventerált, óriás hasfali sérvek műtéteinek tervezésében
Authors: Martis Gábor , Laczik Renáta , Damjanovich László
Published: February 2017

Abstract:

Introduction: The eventrated, giant abdominal wall hernias represent a considerable challenge in our practice. Presently, preoperative evaluation of the musculo-aponeurotic elements of the abdominal wall by CT imaging is not part of routine planning of surgery. Aim: Evaluation of the abdominal wall hernia progression in time. Moreover, follow up the changes of the abdominal wall structures following series of intraabdominal surgeries. Method: Abdominal CT imaging were performed on the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 12th, 18th, and 24th postoperative months after the primary series of surgeries in the cases of 12 patients, whose reconstructive surgeries were not possible. A prospective data collection was applied. Changing of the bilateral rectus muscle morphology, the evolution in time of the midline gap, and the progressive dynamism of the midline wall defects were determined. Results: A characteristic and progressive midline defect enlargement could be settled. Data analysis yielded that the combined width of the bilateral rectus muscles is sufficient to cover the midline abdominal wall defect, although there is an “optimal” timeframe for performing the intervention. Conclusion: CT evaluation of abdominal wall prior to reconstructive surgeries of loss of abdominal wall domain has a strong significance on determining and designing the adequate surgical procedure. Orv. Hetil., 2017, 158(7), 257–263.