bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PHOSPHATE FERTILIZERS MARKETED IN RUSSIA AS A SOURCE OF RARE EARTH ELEMENTS IN THE SOIL
Authors: Kotelnikova Anna D. , Kolchanova Ksenia A. , Shishkin Mikhail A. , Rogova Olga B.
Published: December 2024

Phosphate fertilizers actively used in agriculture can serve as a source of various impurities in the soil, which can have a negative impact on environmental components. In this work, the content of rare earth elements (REEs) in phosphate fertilizers marketed in Russia was evaluated. REEs are a group of elements that are actively studied due to possible negative and positive effects on living organisms. Currently, there are no standards for the content of REEs in soil and fertilizers. Also, in the literature there are no data on REEs content in phosphate fertilizers marketed on the territory of Russia and assessment of the significance of fertilizer application as a factor of REEs input into agricultural soils. Using the method of optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma, we obtained data on the REEs content in samples of phosphate rock, single and double superphosphate (22 samples). It is shown that phosphate fertilizers can differ significantly in REEs content, high REEs content (over 1000 mg/kg) was observed in some samples of single and double superphosphate. The group of phosphate rock samples is the most homogeneous in terms of REE content in the samples. Light REEs predominate over heavy REEs in the composition of fertilizers. According to the results of the study, it can be concluded that there is potentially no significant effect of the application of the studied phosphate fertilizers on the REEs content in the soil. However, the high REEs content in some fertilizer samples requires monitoring of REEs content in soils of agrocenoses, as well as the development of standards for REE content in mineral fertilizers.
Funding. This work was supported by Russian Science Foundation grant No. 22-74-00003, https://rscf.ru/project/22-74-00003/.
THE EFFECT OF BACTERIAL BIOINSECTICIDE ON THE MORPHOFUNCTIONAL STATUS OF HEMOCYTES BLAPTICA DUBIA
Authors: Grebtsova Elena A. , Prisnyi Andrew A.
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the research is to analyze changes in the total hemocyte count and structure of their population, to assess the indicators of phagocytic activity in Blaptica dubia treated with an insecticide based on Bacillus thuringiensis, var. thuringiensis.
Materials and methods. Quantitative studies of native hemocytes of adult Blaptica dubia using light microscopy were carried out. We determined phagocytic index and phagocytic number under conditions of bacterial load to evaluate the efficiency of foreign object absorption. The preparation Bitoxibacillin containing Bacillus thuringiensis, var. thuringiensis was selected as an insecticide.
Results. We analyzed the effect of bacterial insecticide on the population structure of adult Blaptica dubia hemocytes. The hemolymph of ten insect specimens was studied. Seven hemocytic types were identified in adults: prohemocytes, plasmatocytes, granulocytes, vermicytes, spherulocytes, coagulocytes and crescent cells. On the third day after treatment with the insecticide, an increase in young forms of plasmatocytes and a sharp decrease in the number of prohemocytes and spherulocytes were noted. In this day, vermicites were absent in all specimens. The phagocytic index reached 53,2%, and the average number of bacteria absorbed by one phagocyte was 14,6 s.u. By the tenth day, a further decrease in the number of prohemocytes were recorded and plasmatocytes reached the size typical of mature cells. The values of phagocytic index and phagocytic number significantly decreased to 41% and 8 s.u., respectively.
The impact of cannabis on endurance and performance of athletes - risks and benefits - a literature review
Authors: Nojek Paweł , Błaszczyński Gustaw , Nowotarska Agnieszka , Pawlik Wiktoria , Zimonczyk Mariusz , Zawół Monika
Published: December 2024

Introduction and Objective. Cannabis, particularly its active compounds THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (cannabidiol), has gained attention in the sports community for its potential therapeutic benefits. Researchers are exploring its use in managing pain, reducing inflammation, enhancing recovery, and alleviating anxiety, making it appealing for treating both acute injuries and chronic conditions in athletes. While CBD is considered safe, THC can impair cognitive functions, potentially affecting performance and increasing the risk of injury. Unlike THC, CBD is not prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and is well-tolerated in humans.
Methods. A literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar, searching terms like "CBD", "THC", "cannabinoids", "physical activity", and "medical marihuana". Articles from the last five years were prioritized.
Brief description of the State of Knowledge. Cannabinoids interact with the body's endocannabinoid system (ECS) and are classified into phytocannabinoids (from cannabis), endocannabinoids (produced by the body), and synthetic cannabinoids (man-made). The two most studied phytocannabinoids are THC, which is psychoactive, and CBD, known for therapeutic benefits like anxiety reduction without intoxication. THC activates both CB1 receptors (in the brain) and CB2 receptors (in immune cells), while CBD modulates these receptors indirectly. Cannabinoids show potential in managing chronic pain, inflammation, and neurological conditions, with some studies suggesting they could replace opioids for pain relief. They may help in injury recovery among athletes.
Conclusions. The consumption of CBD and THC offer both benefits and risks. However, there is insufficient evidence on the direct impact of cannabis use on athletes beyond its role in pain management and recovery. Further research is needed to provide stronger evidence on their effects in sports.
Pay, Pat, and Clawback: Incentivizing Service Providers’ Participation in On-Demand Digital Platforms
Authors: Yaraghi Niam , Ramesh Ramaswamy , Tayi Giri Kumar
Published: December 2024

A critical governance challenge for on-demand digital platforms is to increase the participation of their service providers. In this research, we design novel incentive structures by taking the unique features of on-demand digital platforms into account. In 12 micro randomized trials conducted in partnership with a major on-demand digital platform, we examine how combining monetary with nonmonetary incentives and providing them within a loss-aversion framework could motivate service providers to increase their participation levels. We show that in on-demand platforms the nonmonetary incentives inhibit the impact of monetary incentives on service provider participation once they are offered together. Furthermore, in contrast to traditional work settings, offering incentives within a loss-aversion framework only increases the effectiveness of nonmonetary incentives. We provide theoretical explanations and empirical examinations for these counterintuitive results. The insights from this research could be used by on-demand digital platforms to effectively mobilize and sustain their service providers’ participation to meet real-time stochastic demand.

This paper was accepted by Anindya Ghose, information systems.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.02603 .
On collectively multiplicative order convergence on the lattice ordered algebras
Authors: Gok Omer
Published: December 2024

By using the order convergence and multiplicative order convergence, we investigate the collectively multiplicative order convergence on the lattice ordered algebras.
Population dynamics of Eye-Spotted Barb (Hampala dispar: Cyprinidae) in Huai Kho Reservoir, Na Chueak District, Maha Sarakham Province, Thailand
Authors: KHOWHIT SATIENPONG , TANEE TAWATCHAI , KHOWHIT DOONNAPUT , PUMIPUNTU NATAPOL , MUAGMAI NARONGRIT , MUSIRI PANNAWADEE
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Khowhit S, Tanee T, Khowhit D, Pumipuntu N, Muagmai N, Musiri P. 2024. Population dynamics of Eye-Spotted Barb (Hampala dispar: Cyprinidae) in Huai Kho Reservoir, Na Chueak District, Maha Sarakham Province, Thailand. Biodiversitas 25: 3095-3104. The study aims to analyze the population dynamics of the Eye-Spotted Barb (Hampala dispar (Smith, 1934)) in Huai Kao Reservoir, Thailand, focusing on age, growth, mortality, and other notable population characteristics. Fish specimens were collected monthly from January to December 2022 at six locations, selected based on information provided by local fishermen, using experimental gillnet fishing. A total of 1,060 individuals were analyzed with the FiSAT II program (FAO-ICLARM Stock Assessment Tools) to estimate population parameters. The study observed fish lengths ranging from 89 to 235 mm, with an average length of 148.47±25.83 mm. Fish weights varied between 13.0 and 191.0 g, averaging 46.04±27.48 g. The length-weight relationship was described by the equation LWR = 0.0000135L4.86723 (r² = 0.98), modeled the length-weight relationship, indicating a positive allometric growth with an allometric coefficient (b) greater than 3.00 for the H. dispar population. Key growth parameters included a growth performance index (?) of 4.11 years?¹, an asymptotic length (L?) of 246.75 mm, and a growth coefficient (K) of 0.21 years?¹. The probabilities of capture at various lengths were L25% = 108.99 mm, L50% = 186.52 mm, and L75% = 191.44 mm. Instantaneous mortality rates were calculated as M = 0.37 year?¹ for natural mortality, F = 0.60 year?¹ for fishing mortality, and Z = 0.97 year?¹ for total mortality. Recruitment was continuous throughout the year, peaking between February and June, with rates ranging from 11.19% to 16.41%. Virtual Population Analysis (VPA) showed that most H. dispar were caught at lengths between 130 mm and 160 mm, with maximum Fishing mortality (F) occurring at a mid-length of 220 mm, where F reached 0.60 year?¹. An estimated total steady-state biomass of 8.46 tons was found, and with a maximum exploitation rate (Emax) of 0.954 and Exploitation rate (E) of 0.62, it indicates high fishing pressure (E>0.50) on H. dispar in the Huai Kho Reservoir, Thailand. Thus, the environmental conditions of Huai Kho Reservoir are favorable for the growth of the H. dispar and can support an increase in their population.
The effects of Lactobacillus plantarum addition to robusta coffee (Coffea canephora L.) during wet fermentation
Authors: SWASTI YULIANA RENI , LEONG LAI PENG , PURWIJANTININGSIH EKAWATI , PRANATA FRANCISCUS SINUNG
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Swasti YR, Leong LP, Purwijantiningsih E, Pranata FS. 2024. The effects of Lactobacillus plantarum addition to robusta coffee (Coffea canephora L.) during wet fermentation. Biodiversitas 25: 3132-3140. Robusta coffee from the slopes of Merapi volcano in Indonesia is processed using a wet fermentation method. Its chemistry compound quality depends on the spontaneous microorganism during wet fermentation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum in increasing the antioxidant activity and reducing the concentration of caffeine and mutagenic compounds during fermentation. After fermentation, the chemical compounds of green and roasted beans were determined. The furfuryl alcohol compound and protein were only analyzed in the roasted beans. Results showed that the addition of L. plantarum was able to alter the Chlorogenic Acid (CGA) concentration of robusta coffee. The concentration of CGA in the unroasted robusta coffee with the addition of L. plantarum after 6-hour of fermentation tends to be higher than in without the addition of L. plantarum, while caffeine concentration was slightly reduced. The CGA in unroasted and roasted coffee with 12-hour fermentation period resulted in the highest radical ABTS scavenging capacity. Moreover, caffeine in unroasted and roasted coffee with 6-hour fermentation period showed high radical ABTS scavenging capacity. The furfuryl alcohol content tends to be stable.
Harmfulness of insects of the Sievers apple tree (Malus sieversii) in Kazakhstan
Authors: TANABEKOVA GULZHANAT , TURSYNKULOV ASHAT , JASHENKO ROMAN , ZHAOZHI LU
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Tanabekova G, Tursynkulov A, Jashenko R, Zhaozhi L. 2024. Harmfulness of insects of the Sievers apple tree (Malus sieversii) in Kazakhstan. Biodiversitas 25: 3168-3178. The purpose of this study was to assess the degree of harmfulness of insects commonly found in Sievers apple trees (Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) M.Roem.) and to identify entomopathogenic nematodes in soil samples from apple orchards. In this regard, the insect pests of the Sievers apple tree are divided into six main complexes according to the degree of harmfulness of insects. The food specialization and feeding relationships of insects are extremely important in plant protection. In many cases, the development of pest control measures is impossible without an accurate accounting of their host plants and various pest populations. During the research, the Iley Alatau and Zhetysu Alatau were compared in terms of the occurrence of species and the number of species damaging the Sievers apple tree. According to our data, there are more than a hundred insects on the Sievers apple tree in these areas, of which only a few species are of operational importance: Cyd?a (Laspeyres?a) pomonella L?nnaeus, 1758; Arch?ps rosana Linnaeus, 1758; Archips crataegana Hübner, 1799; Yponomeuta mal?nellus Zeller, 1838; Yponomeuta padellus L?nnaeus, 1758; Graphol?ta molesta Busck, 1916; Aph?s pom? De Geer, 1773; Lep?dosaphes ulm? L?nnaeus, 1758; Haplothr?ps reuter? ?arny, 1907; Dasyneura mal? K?effer, 1904; St?gmella malella Sta?nton, 1854. Their damage is episodic and is confined to the periods of mass reproduction of these species. Additionally, soil samples from apple orchards in the foothill zone were analyzed for the presence of entomopathogenic nematodes. The study revealed the presence of nematodes of the genus Steinernema, suggesting potential for developing biological control strategies against insect pests in Sievers apple orchards.
Satellite remote sensing techniques for mapping and estimating mangrove carbon stocks in the small island of Gili Meno, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: KARANG I WAYAN GEDE ASTAWA , NUARSA I WAYAN , HENDRAWAN I GEDE , DEWI NI MADE NIA BUNGA SURYA , YASA PUTU KUMARA , KRISNANDA I MADE DWITA
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Karang IWGA, Nuarsa IW, Hendrawan IG, Dewi NMNBS, Yasa PK, Krisnanda IMD. 2024. Satellite remote sensing techniques for mapping and estimating mangrove carbon stocks in the small island of Gili Meno, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3189-3200. Estimating mangrove carbon stocks is crucial for effective conservation and management but presents challenging, particularly on small islands. Satellite remote sensing offers a powerful tool for assessing mangrove ecosystems, though its application in small island environments remains underutilized. This study aims to explore and evaluate the effectiveness of satellite remote sensing techniques, specifically using Sentinel-2, for mapping and estimating mangrove carbon stocks on the small island of Gili Meno, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. The Random Forest technique was employed to distinguish between mangrove and non-mangrove areas by analyzing multiple parameters. Additionally, a semi-empirical method was used to evaluate and map the Above Ground Carbon (AGC) of mangroves, with general allometric equations applied to calculate AGC values. Six vegetation indices were assessed to develop a model for estimating mangrove AGC using linear regression equations. The accuracy of the model predictions was evaluated using the Root Mean Square Error. The study identified that the mangrove forest area in Gili Meno covers approximately 6.88 ha. Notably, the research revealed that the IRECI model, with an R² value of 0.76 and RMSE of 17.14 ton/ha, was the most effective for AGC estimation when utilizing red edge bands.
Investigation of the bacterial diversity in fermented mangrove apple (Sonneratia caseolaris) fruit juice kombucha using DNA metabarcoding
Authors: VISAKHADEVI JELENA ANGEL , ANDRIYONO SAPTO , SATYANTINI WORO HASTUTI , NOH NUR IZZATI MOHD
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Visakhadevi JA, Andriyono S, Satyantini WH, Noh NIM. 2024. Investigation of the bacterial diversity in fermented mangrove apple (Sonneratia caseolaris) fruit juice kombucha using DNA metabarcoding. Biodiversitas 25: 3201-3207. Kombucha, a functional beverage produced from the symbiosis between bacteria and yeast, varies in microbial composition and biological activity depending on the raw materials used for fermentation. This study investigated the potential of mangrove apple (Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl.) fruit juice as a novel substrate for kombucha fermentation because of its high nutritional value and underutilization. We analyzed the bacterial composition of kombucha using a molecular metabarcoding approach with the universal 16S rRNA primers 27F (AGA GTT TGA TCM TGG CTC AG) and 1492R (GGT TAC CTT GTT ACG ACT T). The optimal bacterial density was observed on the 8th day of fermentation, with a value of 1.402. The pH progressively decreased during the fermentation period. This study successfully explored the diversity of bacteria in kombucha grown in apple fruit juice. The dominant bacterial taxon was acetic acid bacteria, with 75,009 reads for Acetobacteraceae. At the genus level, Komagataeibacter was predominant, with 74,660 reads, and at the species level, Komagataeibacter saccharivorans was the most abundant, with 67,502 reads. These results suggest mangrove apple fruit juice as the viable substrate for kombucha fermentation that supports a rich microbial community. This study highlights the potential of alternative substrates, such as mangrove apple fruit juice, to enhance kombucha's microbial diversity and health benefits.
Diversity of epipelic microalgae in a shallow, tropical estuary of Northern Mindanao, Philippines
Authors: TUCONG ERWIN JONES A. , TUBIO EMILIE G. , LEOPARDAS VENUS E.
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Tucong EJA, Tubio EG, Leopardas VE. 2024. Diversity of epipelic microalgae in a shallow, tropical estuary of Northern Mindanao, Philippines. Biodiversitas 25: 3237-3245. Microphytobenthos are important primary producers in many of the most critical ecosystems, including the estuary. However, environmental variables, including season, influenced their abundance and diversity. In this study, spatial and temporal patterns of epipelic microalgae in Talabaan Estuary Naawan, Misamis Oriental, were conducted last October 2016 and February 2017 to represent wet and dry seasons, respectively. The species composition and diversity of epipelic microalgae samples were assessed using an improvised corer (2 cm, inner diameter). Only the upper 10 mm. of the cored sample was analyzed. Forty-eight species belonging to 33 families and 35 genera were identified and documented in the estuary. Diatoms (Class Bacillariophyta) were found to be the most dominant group, with about 90% of the epipelic microalgae community composed mainly of chains of cells and formed in colonies. Navicula sp. and Nitzschia sp. were among the species found in all sampled stations. The common occurrence of this species across all stations in wet and dry seasons indicated that they are the typical euryhaline species of this tropical estuary. The abundance and diversity of the epipelic microalgae community were found to vary across stations and seasons (p<0.05), but the interaction between these variables did not differ significantly. When abiotic and biological factors were regressed, a significant relationship was found with temperature, while all other factors exhibited no considerable variation. This highlights the effect of seasons in shaping benthic microalgae communities and is an essential factor in structuring microphytobenthic communities in an estuary.
Vegetation diversity, structure and composition in nature-based recreation sites as a potential tourist attraction in Banyuwangi, Indonesia
Authors: HABIBAH LAILA NUR , HAKIM LUCHMAN , PANGESTUTI EDRIANA , SISWANTO DIAN , RAHARDI BRIAN
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Habibah LN, Hakim L, Pangestuti E, Siswanto D, Rahardi B. 2024. Vegetation diversity, structure and composition in nature-based recreation sites as a potential tourist attraction in Banyuwangi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3273-3285. The presence of vegetation in nature-based tourism sites plays an important role in adding natural scenic beauty and creating comfortable local climates. However, the potential of vegetation in the recreation landscape for conservation and educational aspects is less studied. This research aims to identify vegetation diversity, structure and composition of plant species in nature-based tourism recreation sites in Banyuwangi District, East Java. Vegetation survey was conducted at 16 recreation sites, ranging from coastal to lower mountain ecosystems with varying management types from national parks, state and privately owned enterprises and community-private ownerships. Research shows that recreation sites contain diverse plant species that can support nature-based tourism attractions. The recreation sites in the national parks harbor native vegetation in, which it is important for biodiversity education through nature-based tourism programs. Fewer exotic plant species are found in nature-based recreation sites, especially in conservation areas. Conversely, nature-based recreation sites managed by community and private are dominated by exotic plant species. The existence of exotic plant species in nature-based recreation sites can add economic value by providing agrotourism activities, yet it requires special attention to protect the native habitats in those sites.
Species composition and diversity along the elevational gradient of a low tropical hill in Teramuo Hill, Bau, Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: NOWEG TONGA , GRINANG JONGKAR , NELSON JULIA , PHILIP BRIDGETTE , FELIX SELVANA EYRA , KALU MEEKIONG
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Noweg T, Grinang J, Nelson J, Philip B, Felix SE, Kalu M. 2024. Species composition and diversity along the elevational gradient of a low tropical hill in Teramuo Hill, Bau, Sarawak, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 25: 3320-3330. Numerous efforts have been made to study the diversity pattern of trees in Nature Reserves in the Bau District of Sarawak, Malaysia. However, studies on tree diversity along the elevational gradient in the district's low tropical hills still need to be completed. This study sought to evaluate the composition and diversity of tree species on a low tropical rainforest hill in the Bau District of Sarawak. The study's specific objectives include: (i). Identifying the species composition at different elevations and (ii). Measuring the species diversity and richness across different elevational gradients. The study site was Teramuo Hill, a 9.2-hectare local recreational area in Bau District, Sarawak, belonging to a Bidayuh village community. The hill encompasses three forest types (primary, secondary, and agroforest) and has suffered degradation from both human activity and natural causes. A total of 28 sampling sites were arranged in six vertical lines along the elevational gradient, with the lowest elevation being below 45 meters above sea level (m asl.) and the highest about 100 m asl.. The study found that the species composition and species types dominating at different elevations varied. A distinct pattern emerged in species diversity and richness across the elevational gradient. Between 61 and 75 m asl., the mid-elevation zones exhibited the highest species diversity. These results suggest that the main influences are ecological factors and habitat physical variability at different elevations. The findings are essential for understanding how minor elevation changes affect tree communities in tropical forest environments. This knowledge can assist in planning targeted conservation programs and dictate community priorities in the Bau District of Sarawak, Malaysia.
Evaluation of a newly isolated thermophilic microalga Chlorella sorokiniana UNM-IND1 as biodiesel feedstocks
Authors: RAMADANI NUR ZAKIYAH , INDRAYANI INDRAYANI , ZAINUDDIN ELMI NURHAIDAH
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Ramadani NZ, Indrayani, Zainuddin EN. 2024. Evaluation of a newly isolated thermophilic microalga Chlorella sorokiniana UNM-IND1 as biodiesel feedstocks. Biodiversitas 25: 3339-3349. Microalgae contain lipids and fatty acids that can be used as an alternative energy for biodiesel. Efforts to increase lipid productivity in microalgae can be done by conditioning the microalgae under certain stress conditions. Temperature is one of the environmental factors that can stimulate lipid production in microalgae. This study aims to analyze the effect of different temperatures on the growth, biomass, lipid productivity and fatty acid composition of a newly isolated microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana Shihira & Krauss, 1965 UNM-IND1 and to evaluate the potential of the microalga as biodiesel feedstocks. The C. sorokiniana UNM-IND1 was initially cultured at three different temperature conditions namely culture room temperature (25-26°C), ambient room temperature (28-32°C) and drying room temperature (32-48°C) (phase I). In phase II, the cultures were transferred to lower temperature conditions and incubated for 3 days. The parameters measured were cell density, specific growth rate, biomass productivity, lipid content, lipid productivity and fatty acid composition. The results showed that all cultures can grow at all culture conditions tested. The highest specific growth rate and biomass productivity were achieved at drying room temperature treatment at 0.790 d-1 and 0,166 g.L-1.d-1, respectively. The highest lipid productivity (0.0674 g.L-1.d-1) was obtained at culture room temperature. After the temperature shift, the lipid yield, lipid content and lipid productivity of all cultures increased. Fatty acid analysis showed that the alga consists of mainly palmitic acid, linolenic acid and linoleic acid. Based on the growth, biomass, lipid and fatty acid composition, the C. sorokiniana UNM-IND1 has potential as a biodiesel feedstock.
The occurrence of the very rare species Gekko cf. brooksii (Squamata, Gekkonidae) in West Sumatra, Indonesia, based on molecular and morphological evidence
Authors: CHATRI MORALITA , AHDA YUNI , ZULYUSRI ZULYUSRI , SEPTIADI LUHUR , RIYANTO AWAL , NUGRAHA FITRA ARYA DWI
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Chatri M, Ahda Y, Zulyusri, Septiadi L, Riyanto A, Nugraha FAD. 2024. The occurrence of the very rare species Gekko cf. brooksii (Squamata, Gekkonidae) in West Sumatra, Indonesia, based on molecular and morphological evidence. Biodiversitas 25: 3369-3379. Sumatra, Indonesia is a region of vast, rich and diverse flora and fauna, yet knowledge of herpetology in Sumatra is limited. One such group is the genus Gekko, which is poorly known, morphologically diverse and taxonomically problematic, especially for canopy-dwelling geckos. During our recent fieldwork in the Barisan Mountains of West Sumatra, we found an unidentified camouflaged gecko and used molecular and morphological approaches to confirm its identity. Based on molecular (NADH dehydrogenase 2 [ND2] and flanking tRNA genes) and morphological comparisons (31 characters), we confirmed a new record and an expansion range of Gekko cf. brooksii to West Sumatra; we also reported several morphological characters that have not been reported in previous studies. The individual was found on the leaves of a young breadfruit plant (Artocarpus communis J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) located about 1 meter from the hiking trail, where the surrounding vegetation consisted of several tall trees and was mostly dominated by herbaceous plants that did not exceed 1 meter in height. It conclusion, despite a long history of exploration, the herpetofauna of Sumatra continues to yield new discoveries and records. As the geckos inhabiting the higher canopy layers of tropical rainforests in Sumatra remain largely unknown, further intensive surveys for canopy-dwelling geckos are needed to further elucidate the complete taxonomic composition of Sumatra's herpetofauna.
Characterization of Trichoderma sp. local isolate and antagonism assay against pathogen Helminthosporium sp.
Authors: SIAHAAN PARLUHUTAN , TANGAPO AGUSTINA MONALISA , UMBOH STELLA DEIBY
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Siahaan P, Tangpao AM, Umboh SD. 2024. Characterization of Trichoderma sp. local isolate and antagonism assay against pathogen Helminthosporium sp. Biodiversitas 25: 3380-3389. Trichoderma, as a biological agent, plays an important role in controlling pathogens that cause plant diseases, so it needs to be utilized properly, especially for local isolates. This research aimed to analyze the morphological, molecular and secondary metabolic characteristics of local isolates of Trichoderma fungus and test their antagonism against the pathogenic fungus Helminthosporium sp. The results showed that Tomohon local isolate of Trichoderma was identified as T. asperellum. The results of GC-MS analysis show that T. asperellum produces secondary metabolites in the form of volatile compounds from the group of volatile aldehydes, esters and ketones, as well as four fatty acid compounds, namely n-hexadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z), play an important role in the antagonistic ability of Trichoderma. T. asperellum was able to inhibit Helminthosporium sp. by 70% on the seventh day of observation, and had antagonistic mechanisms, namely antibiosis and competition. Based on these results, local isolates of T. asperellum have great potential for use as biological control agents.
A comparative study of insect diversity and distribution across elevations at Denai Cadamba, UiTM Puncak Alam, Malaysia
Authors: FATHIAH KHAIRUDIN NURUL , ALHAFIZA ISKANDAR MUDA DINDA PUTRI , AMIN IBRAHIM NUR , KHAIRIYAH MOHD HATTA SITI , AKMAL ABD WAHAB NOOR , NORHAFIZAH MOHD ZAZI
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Fathiah KN, Alhafiza IMDP, Amin IN, Khairiyah MHS, Akmal AWN, Norhafizah MZ. 2024. A comparative study of insect diversity and distribution across elevations at Denai Cadamba, UiTM Puncak Alam, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 25: 3473-3479. Insects play a significant role in shaping the ecosystem community and are beneficial to mankind in many ways. They are known for many roles such as pollinators, bioindicators, scavengers, and vectors for diseases. A study on the diversity and distribution of class Insecta was conducted using two Malaise traps at the hiking trail of Denai Cadamba, UiTM Puncak Alam, Malaysia as no study has been done here before. Two study sites with two different elevations were chosen: low elevation (70 meters above sea level/masl) and high elevation (110 masl). A total of 2476 individuals from 335 morphospecies belonging to 13 orders were collected. The orders identified were Diptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Collembola, Thysanoptera, Orthoptera, Blattodea, Microcoryphia, Isoptera, Mantodea, and Psocoptera. Diptera was the most common order sampled, while Microcoryphia and Psocoptera recorded the least number, with only two individuals found each. The Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H?) showed that the higher elevation (trap 2) has a higher diversity with H?=1.362 compared to the lower elevation (trap 1) with H?=1.017. The Evenness Index (E?) and Margalef Richness Index (R?) were also higher for trap 2 with the values E?=0.300 and R?=1.635 respectively, while for trap 1, the values were E?=0.276 and the R?=1.315, respectively. Mann-Whitney test showed that there was a significant difference in the insect distribution between the low elevation and the high elevation with P<0.05. In general, this study found that the order distribution differs across the elevations. This might be due to the rainy season, sunlight exposure, warmer conditions, less human disturbance, and type of vegetation. The data obtained in this study can be used as a baseline for future research while serving as an educational purpose to create awareness among the public about insect conservation and management.
Eligibility as a negotiable matter: towards a better understanding of social workers’ role in means testing social assistance
Authors: Hussénius Klara , Stranz Hugo , Bergmark Åke
Published: December 2024

Decision making on eligibility for means-tested social assistance (SA) is often perceived as a predominantly administrative field of social work practice. The present study challenges the notion of SA eligibility as a matter that can simply be ‘uncovered’. Using data from a vignette survey, the aim was to analyse patterns of uncertainty in assessments of eligibility for the SA benefit in Sweden. Approximately 1,000 social workers were tasked with assessing eligibility based on case descriptions, indicating whether they believed multiple decisions were feasible. Indications of uncertainty were examined using descriptive statistics and cross-tabulation. Directed content analysis was employed to examine free-text responses. In nearly half of the 7,821 assessments analysed, participants indicated that both an approval and a denial decision were possible. The results illustrate that even when the ‘raw material’ processed in the means test is identical, assessment discrepancies can arise on reasonable grounds. However, while professionals actively shape the practical implications of SA policy through discretionary interpretations, the decision-making process can be portrayed as being guided by a straightforward logic. An important insight brought forward is that the significant role of human judgement risks being obscured if the interpretative and relational dimensions of the work are not acknowledged.
Optical system for efficient tunable acousto-optic filtering of unpolarized supercontinuum radiation
Authors: Sudarev Anton A. , Polschikova Olga V. , Zotov Kirill V.
Published: December 2024

Subject of study. This study investigates the transmission and radiation power at the output of a tunable acousto-optical filtering system designed for unpolarized supercontinuum radiation. Aim of study. The primary aim is to develop a compact, highly efficient optical system that combines the ±1st diffraction orders of a tunable acousto-optical filter for filtering unpolarized supercontinuum radiation. Method. A novel approach is proposed for combining the two diffraction orders of an acousto-optical filter. This method employs a fiber pump combiner and chromatic shift compensator wedges. The proposed optical system was modeled and experimentally tested, with efforts made to minimize the impact of radiation instability and stray light on measurement accuracy. Main results. The results demonstrated the efficiency of the proposed optical system for filtering unpolarized supercontinuum radiation over a broad spectral range. The optical power at the system’s output increased by a factor of 2.2 compared with the use of a single diffraction order combined with a linear polarizer. Additionally, the system’s transmittance for combining the diffraction orders of the acousto-optical filter was measured at 78%. Practical significance. This optical setup offers a versatile solution for applications requiring tunable spectral filtering across a wide spectral range while minimizing power and polarization losses. The system is compact, easy to adjust, and can be integrated with the multi-frequency mode of an acousto-optical filter, enabling the transmission of complex spectral compositions, such as those required in colorimetry.
Stability of the properties of an acousto-optical converter based on polyvinylidene fluoride films under external influence
Authors: Osipkov Alexey S. , Makeev Mstislav O. , Solodilov Vitaliy I. , Moiseev Konstantin M. , Mikhalev Pavel A. , Makarova Kamila T. , Emanov Danila P. , Parshin Bogdan A. , Khromova Mariia A.
Published: December 2024

Subject of study. The study focuses on an acousto-optical modulator composed of a polyvinylidene fluoride film with transparent indium–tin oxide electrodes deposited on both surfaces. Aim of study. The aim is to analyze the stability of the mechanical, piezoelectric, and optical properties of the polyvinylidene fluoride film-based acousto-optical modulators with indium–tin oxide electrodes during manufacturing and operation at different temperatures. Method. In this method, the mechanical characteristics of samples under tension are measured along two directions (parallel and perpendicular to the drawing direction of the polyvinylidene fluoride film) at room temperature to perform a dynamic mechanical analysis under isothermal conditions and within a temperature range of 30°C–180°C. The piezoelectric coefficient d33 is measured, under temperature variation from −40∘C to +80∘C, using a charge-based method with pulsed force impact, and the transmittance is determined within the visible wavelength range from 380 nm to 780 nm to calculate the light transmission coefficient. Main results. An experimental measurement cell was created to measure the piezoelectric coefficient d33 across a wide temperature range. Mechanical test results for static and dynamic loading of the polyvinylidene fluoride film, both before and after the deposition of the indium–tin oxide electrodes, were obtained. Temperature dependencies of d33 for this structure were established from −40∘C to +80∘C, and the optical properties of the samples exposed to low and high temperatures were documented. Practical significance. Based on these findings, recommendations for the operating and storage conditions of acousto-optic devices incorporating the studied structures, along with guidelines for manufacturing, are presented.
Disruption of Hydrogen Bonding Network Decreases Catalytic Diversity of Chloroperoxidase via Abolishing Both Chlorination and Dismutation Activities
Authors: Shersher Elena , D. Pardillo Armando , Wang Xiaotang
Published: December 2024

The perpendicular orientation of the proximal alpha helix to the heme plane in chloroperoxidase (CPO) maximizes the influence of its intrinsic helix dipole that has been shown to reduce the “push-effect”, thereby increasing the heme redox potential and fine-tuning the catalytic capabilities of CPO. We investigated the effects of a disruption of the hydrogen bonding network between R26-N37 and A27-N33, formed by the proximal alpha helix, on the CPO structural stability and catalytic profile using site-directed mutagenesis and spectroscopy. The mutant CPO (R26A, N33A, and R26A/N33A) exhibited significant tertiary structural changes and distinct heme coordination, likely, due to destabilization of the proximal helix as a result of the disruption of the proximal hydrogen bonding network. In line with these observations, biochemical characterizations showed that all mutants displayed dramatically different activity profiles relative to that of the WT CPO. Mutant epoxidation and peroxidation activities were markedly enhanced, especially in the R26A/N33A CPO mutant. Moreover, all mutant CPO enzymes exhibited broader pH profiles in both epoxidation and peroxidation activities, including a shift in the optimal peroxidation activity towards pH 3.5 as opposed to pH 2.75. Conversely, the dismutation activity (pH 3.0-5.5) was almost completely lost while chlorination activity (pH 2.75-5.0) was virtually non-existent in all CPO mutants. Our results demonstrate the important role the R26-N37 and A27-N33 hydrogen bond pairs play in the heme coordination and tertiary structure of CPO defining its catalytic capabilities, and also suggest the importance of the proximal helix stability and orientation.
IMPLEMENTATION OF TAX INCENTIVES ON SALES ON LUXURY GOODS BORNE BY THE GOVERNMENT FOR AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY AFTER COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Ramadhena Citra Yadin , Tambunan Maria R.U.D.
Published: December 2024

The Covid-19 pandemic has downturned the business sector in Indonesia. This prompted the government to provide tax incentives through the National Economic Recovery program. To encourage people's purchasing power, support businesses, and restore economic conditions, the government issued a Sales Tax on Luxury Goods borne by the government (PPnBM Ditanggung Pemerintah/PPnBM DTP) incentive for the automotive industry. This study aims to analyze the PPnBM DTP after the Covid-19 and analyze the government's considerations to extend the policy. This research applied post-positivist approach with qualitative research method. The data was collected through literature review and interview. The research shows that implementing this policy produces several benefits. However, it also has an anomaly. The community, especially the lower middle class, faces difficult conditions, but on the other hand, the middle class is encouraged to spend their money. The implementation of this policy also does not experience significant obstacles because adequate resources and communication for implementing policy is established smoothly. The policy has succeeded in maintaining enthusiasm, people's purchasing power and lead to a positive response from various parties. In addition, extension of the policy, 100% PPnBM DTP has been made by considering both from a social and economic perspective.
Binsyouwi, A Gender Discourse of Biak Women Social Politics Roles in Society: Identity, Hegemonic and Intersectionality
Authors: SARI NOVIETA H
Published: December 2024

The focus of this article is the study of Biak women’s discourse, Binsyouwi, a contextualised narrative of Biak women, living a feminist life. Sensational and structural oppressions are discussed with the interlocking ‘walls’ of gender, class and sexism exposed through local and historical narratives and cultural discourse analysis. Binsyouwi is explored to re-articulate agendas for feminist theory and activism in Biak Tribal, particularly their roles in politics, family/household and social life. In the context of a larger discourse on intersectionality, identity, and hegemony anchored in local discourse practices, the study focuses on the 'Mambri Bin' category, portraying her as an extraordinary and knowledgeable woman. It emphasises how important it is to address various forms of oppression to create conscious feminist subjectivities. The study uses intersectionality and gender discourse analysis to investigate the social and political story paradigms of the Binsyouwi figure in Biak society. To clarify the knowledge position of Biak women within their cultural and social setting, it examines feminist theories pertaining to discourse, hegemony, identity, and intersectional praxis in the context of intercultural communication. It also explores the difficulties and systemic power relations. The results show that a variety of factors, including capacity, political stance, economic reasoning, and historical fallacy, influence the levels of stability, rationality, adaptability, and inclusivity. These aspects also appear as common characteristics in the discourse process. In this turn, to improve gender responsiveness in policies and planning, we support cultural communication techniques. This is imperative to address implicit cultural norms around hegemonic masculinity, which call for nuanced and comprehensive communication to reduce bias and promote gender mainstreaming in the development and governance systems.
Challenges of Waste Growth through Collaborative City Governance in Batam City
Authors: Sari Cindy Fatika , Salsabila Lubna , Lodan Karol Teovani , Dompak Timbul
Published: December 2024

This abstract examines the challenges of waste growth in Batam City through the lens of collaborative city governance. It underscores the critical need for joint efforts among government, industry, and society to address the escalating issue of solid waste. The analysis highlights existing initiatives and the obstacles faced in implementing effective waste management practices, particularly the fragmented nature of current collaborations and persistent community behaviors that hinder progress. Key challenges identified include low environmental awareness, limited community participation in waste sorting, inadequate infrastructure, and inconsistent enforcement of regulations. The abstract emphasizes the necessity for intensified education, awareness-building, and incentivization to enhance community engagement. Proposed solutions include strengthening regulatory frameworks, improving coordination among government agencies, and increasing corporate responsibility towards sustainability. These measures aim to create a comprehensive waste management system that enhances environmental quality and supports sustainable economic development in Batam City. By addressing these challenges through collaborative governance, Batam City can achieve a cleaner, healthier environment and sustainable growth for its residents
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Social Rehabilitation Programs for Beggars in Batam: Challenges and Strategic Interventions
Authors: Mahendra Ghazal , Lodan Karol Teovani
Published: December 2024

This study aims to describe the social rehabilitation programs for beggars in Batam, using a qualitative descriptive method. The Batam City Social and Community Empowerment Agency is tasked with addressing this issue through social rehabilitation programs. From 2019 to 2022, the number of beggars in Batam increased from 150 to 190, as per the agency's data. To address this, the agency conducts regular outreach and rehabilitation to help beggars reintegrate into society and cease their street activities. The research explores the implementation of these programs and identifies the challenges they face. Document analysis of journals, books, and other references supplements the qualitative data. The findings highlight the pivotal role of the Batam City Social and Community Empowerment Agency in mitigating social issues and supporting social welfare. The agency's activities include regular raids and rehabilitation programs through the Nilam Suri Social Welfare Service Center (P2MKS).
REFORMASI LAYANAN SAMEDAY SERVICE PASPOR: INOVASI ATAU DISKRIMINASI?
Authors: Andriyanto Riyan , Haq Nadia , Rosyan Adam Nurfaizi
Published: December 2024

The policy of same day service passport is a policy innovation implemented by the passport service unit, Directorate General of Immigration, Ministry of Law and Human Rights. This policy is a breakthrough in increasing the speed of passport making services to make it shorter. In its implementation, there has been criticism of this policy, namely that it is expensive and not in accordance with the principles of easy, fast and cheap public services. Therefore, this writing was carried out using a qualitative descriptive method with a literature review (SLR) study approach. To be able to carry out the analysis, this writing uses William Dunn's (1980) policy evaluation theory. The results of the analysis obtained were that five of the six policy evaluation variables were found to be still not optimal in implementing the policy to accelerate passport production. The existence of quite high cost charges means that this is not in accordance with existing service principles. The state in providing services to the community must not seek profit. This policy can satisfy the needs, preferences and values of certain communities, it could even be said that only a small portion of the community because the quota is determined at 30% of the maximum quota each day.
PERLINDUNGAN DAN KEPASTIAN HUKUM BAGI PENGENDALI DATA PRIBADI DI MASA DEPAN
Authors: Firdaus Febrian Hilmi
Published: December 2024

Undang-Undang Nomor 27 Tahun 2022 tentang Perlindungan Data Pribadi (UU PDP) memberikan harapan baru dalam melindungi data pribadi. Namun, ketidakjelasan regulasi dan ketiadaan aturan pelaksana menciptakan ketidakpastian hukum bagi pengendali data pribadi, sehingga mengancam profesionalitas mereka di masa depan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi perlindungan dan kepastian hukum bagi pengendali data pribadi berdasarkan norma, asas, dan teori hukum. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif-yuridis dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa pengendali data pribadi memerlukan perlindungan hukum yang konkret dan aturan pelaksana untuk memastikan keseimbangan antara subjek hukum. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pengembangan regulasi untuk menjamin prediktabilitas dan keadilan bagi pengendali data pribadi.