bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alpha–Proton Differential Flow of the Young Solar Wind: Parker Solar Probe Observations
Authors: Mostafavi P. , Allen R. C. , McManus M. D. , Ho G. C. , Raouafi N. E. , Larson D. E. , Kasper J. C. , Bale S. D.
Published: February 2022

The velocity of alpha particles relative to protons can vary depending on the solar wind type and distance from the Sun. Measurements from the previous spacecraft provided the alpha–proton differential velocities down to 0.3 au. The Parker Solar Probe (PSP) now enables insights into differential flows of the newly accelerated solar wind closer to the Sun for the first time. Here we study the difference between proton and alpha bulk velocities near PSP perihelia of encounters 3–7 when the core solar wind is in the field of view of the Solar Probe Analyzer for Ions instrument. As previously reported at larger heliospheric distances, the alpha–proton differential speed observed by PSP is greater for fast wind than the slow solar wind. We compare PSP observations with various spacecraft measurements and present the radial and temporal evolution of the alpha–proton differential speed. The differential flow decreases as the solar wind propagates from the Sun, consistent with previous observations. While Helios showed a small radial dependence of differential flow for the slow solar wind, PSP clearly showed this dependency for the young slow solar wind down to 0.09 au. Our analysis shows that the alpha–proton differential speed’s magnitude is mainly below the local Alfvén speed. Moreover, alpha particles usually move faster than protons close to the Sun. The PSP crossed the Alfvén surface during its eighth encounter and may cross it in future encounters, enabling us to investigate the differential flow very close to the solar wind acceleration source region for the first time.
Nourrir la population : un défi permanent
Authors: Brassley Paul , Furió Antoni , Stanziani Alessandro , Vivier Nadine
Published: February 2022

Le défi de se nourrir a toujours été le plus angoissant pour les sociétés humaines et il s’est amplifié avec la croissance urbaine. Les échanges de cette table ronde essaient de voir comment les sociétés ont fait face à cet impératif. En balayant rapidement l’échelle du temps depuis le Moyen Âge, on voit que les intempéries ne sont pas le seul facteur de pénuries. Les décisions des pouvoirs politiques ont été déterminantes, et parmi elles les mécanismes de distribution, que ce soit le marché local ou le marché mondial puis la globalisation des politiques commerciales. Dans un second temps, les échanges se consacrent à la situation contemporaine. Après 1950, la production agricole s’est considérablement accrue grâce aux politiques agricoles à visées économiques et sociales, assises sur la recherche agronomique. Mais, aujourd’hui, les méthodes de l’agriculture intensive montrent leurs limites et sont rejetées par les sociétés européennes inquiètes pour la qualité de la nourriture, la protection de l’environnement et le changement climatique.
De l’usurpation coloniale au landgrabbing
Authors: Luna Pablo F.
Published: February 2022

Tout au long de la période moderne et contemporaine, la terre, le territoire (et l’accès aux richesses naturelles qu’ils ouvraient) ont fait l’objet de la négociation et du conflit entre différents protagonistes. Ce fut le cas durant les deux principales vagues d’expansion coloniale et de réaction décolonisatrice (XVI e -XVIII e  siècles et XIX e -XX e  siècles), et cela s’est poursuivi jusqu’au XXI e  siècle. Cet article voudrait attirer l’attention sur l’usurpation et l’appropriation foncières coloniales, dans la longue durée, et la riposte des ruraux à travers le monde. Mais il voudrait aussi penser historiquement le landgrabbing actuel (la prise de contrôle du financier sur le foncier, à l’échelle mondiale, qui se consolide depuis la crise de 2007-2008). Il s’agit d’un processus qui est toujours en cours, qui mobilise une variété d’agents sociaux et institutionnels sur la planète et qui est vraisemblablement venu achever la mondialisation foncière.
L’héritage renouvelé du contentieux foncier en Algérie (XIX e -XXI e siècle)
Authors: Guignard Didier
Published: February 2022

Comme pour de nombreux autres pays, le contentieux foncier actuel en Algérie plonge ses racines dans le passé colonial. Son renouvellement incessant suppose cependant des atteintes massives et répétées aux droits sur le sol du XIX e jusqu’au début du XXI e  siècle ; la nécessité qu’une part significative de la population ait toujours à défendre ces droits (hérités ou plus récemment acquis) ; une capacité individuelle ou collective à les revendiquer. Or, depuis le tournant libéral des années 1980-1990 et la reconnaissance des titres de la période coloniale pour les seuls citoyens du pays, l’originalité du cas algérien tient au fait que l’objet des disputes soit généralement postérieur à l’indépendance, tout en mobilisant un savoir-faire en matière contentieuse, des droits individuels et collectifs reconnus sous la domination française.
Nouveaux regards sur les élites rurales au XIX e siècle
Authors: Vivier Nadine
Published: February 2022

L’historiographie française depuis vingt-cinq ans a changé la vision que nous avions des sociétés rurales du XIX e  siècle. Au lieu d’un monde immobile dominé par une étroite élite, essentiellement composée d’aristocrates, nous découvrons un monde plus complexe où les bouleversements économiques et culturels, l’introduction du suffrage universel masculin ont entraîné l’élargissement des élites rurales. Alors que les élites du début du siècle se définissaient par leur richesse matérielle, leur enracinement local et leur capital social, elles se sont diversifiées par l’importance accordée aux savoirs, la capacité à s’insérer dans les réseaux de pouvoir grâce à leurs compétences professionnelles.
Hospitalisation
Authors: Mariotti Pascal
Published: February 2022

Alors que bien souvent on ne parle de l’hôpital public qu’en termes de nombres de lits, il nous faut élargir notre horizon. Devant la crise systémique qui le touche (alors que le secteur privé ouvre des unités) il nous faut impérativement travailler à l’élaboration d’un nouveau modèle actualisé tenant compte de la finalité que l’on en attend dans une perspective de psychiatrie « inclusive » c'est-à-dire davantage en lien avec les partenaires sociaux et médico-sociaux. L’hôpital pourrait alors trouver à l’avenir, une nouvelle fonction, celle de représenter un « plateau de compétence, de recours et d’expertise ».
Bilan et effets des contrôles du Contrôleur général des lieux de privation de liberté en psychiatrie
Authors: Ferragne André
Published: February 2022

Le Contrôleur général des lieux de privation de liberté (CGLPL), autorité administrative indépendante, visite depuis treize ans les établissements de santé mentale habilités à recevoir des patients hospitalisés sans leur consentement. Il a aujourd'hui contrôlé tous les établissements spécialisés en santé mentale, ainsi qu’environ les trois-quarts des secteurs de psychiatrie des hôpitaux universitaires où généraux. L'expérience acquise au cours de ces visites lui a permis de publier des « Recommandations minimales », applicables à tous les lieux de privation de liberté, qui fournissent une liste des droits fondamentaux des personnes enfermées et contribuent dès lors à la garantie de ces droits. Au cours de ses visites, le CGLPL a constaté un renforcement très net du souci de la protection des droits et libertés des patients et une amélioration progressive des conditions matérielles de leur prise en charge. Néanmoins, ces améliorations ne sont pas générales, de sorte que le CGLPL observe encore des contraintes non justifiées ou des traitements indignes, en particulier à l'occasion des mesures d'isolement et de contention. Tout en constatant le dynamisme des équipes de terrain, le CGLPL déplore une prise en charge politique insuffisante de la psychiatrie française : il en résulte un régime juridique incomplet qui peut quelquefois laisser place à des abus et une situation budgétaire de grande tension.
Replication of Implementing a Sit-to-Stand Exercise Program in an Assisted Living Facility
Authors: Hummer Deborah B.
Published: February 2022

The current quality improvement project aimed at replicating the implementation of a sit-to-stand exercise program in a small 20-bed assisted living facility (ALF) in rural North Carolina. The primary outcome was for residents to maintain or improve function in performance of activities of daily living (ADLs). Even with the challenges of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, ALF staff and residents found a way to continue the exercise program with a high level of participation and thus prevent avoidable decline in residents' independence with ADLs. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 48(3), 30–36.]
Patient Satisfaction Scores Are a Poor Metric of Orthopedic Care
Authors: Murasko Marlon J. , Ivanov David V. , Roe Alison K. , Kamal Robin N. , Amanatullah Derek F.
Published: February 2022

Patient satisfaction scores are a popular metric used to evaluate orthopedic care. There is little consistency with how satisfaction is described in the orthopedic literature. Online physician reviews are a growing trend that directly and indirectly affect a surgeon's reputation. There is little correlation of higher satisfaction with improved surgical outcomes, so rating surgical care may be misguided and possibly dangerous. Patient satisfaction is an important part of the patient-centered care model, so rating systems should directly reflect quality. More research is needed to determine the relationship between patient satisfaction and the delivery of quality care. [
Orthopedics
. 2022;45(3):e127–e133.]
Sharper and finer energy decay rate for an elastic string with localized Kelvin-Voigt damping
Authors: Han Zhong-Jie , Liu Zhuangyi , Wang Jing
Published: February 2022

This paper is on the asymptotic behavior of the elastic string equation with localized Kelvin-Voigt damping

   \begin{document}$ u_{tt}(x, t)-[u_{x}(x, t)+b(x)u_{x, t}(x, t)]_{x} = 0, \; x\in(-1, 1), \; t>0, $\end{document}

where \begin{document}$ b(x) = 0 $\end{document} on \begin{document}$ x\in (-1, 0] $\end{document}, and \begin{document}$ b(x) = a(x)>0 $\end{document} on \begin{document}$ x\in (0, 1) $\end{document}. It is known that the Geometric Optics Condition for exponential stability does not apply to Kelvin-Voigt damping. Under the assumption that \begin{document}$ a'(x) $\end{document} has a singularity at \begin{document}$ x = 0 $\end{document}, we investigate the decay rate of the solution which depends on the order of the singularity.

When \begin{document}$ a(x) $\end{document} behaves like \begin{document}$ x^{\alpha}(-\log x)^{-\beta} $\end{document} near \begin{document}$ x = 0 $\end{document} for \begin{document}$ 0\le{\alpha}<1, \;0\le\beta $\end{document} or \begin{document}$ 0<{\alpha}<1, \;\beta<0 $\end{document}, we show that the system can achieve a mixed polynomial-logarithmic decay rate.

As a byproduct, when \begin{document}$ \beta = 0 $\end{document}, we obtain the decay rate \begin{document}$ t^{-\frac{ 3-\alpha-\varepsilon}{2(1-{\alpha})}} $\end{document} of solution for arbitrarily small \begin{document}$ \varepsilon>0 $\end{document}, which improves the rate \begin{document}$ t^{-\frac{1}{1-{\alpha}}} $\end{document} obtained in [14]. The new rate is again consistent with the exponential decay rate in the limit case \begin{document}$ \alpha\to 1^- $\end{document}. This is a step toward the goal of obtaining the optimal decay rate eventually.
A modified inertial proximal gradient method for minimization problems and applications
Authors: Kesornprom Suparat ,   School of Science, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand, Cholamjiak Prasit
Published: February 2022

In this paper, the aim is to design a new proximal gradient algorithm by using the inertial technique with adaptive stepsize for solving convex minimization problems and prove convergence of the iterates under some suitable assumptions. Some numerical implementations of image deblurring are performed to show the efficiency of the proposed methods.
Épistolairement vôtre. Faire académie à l’Arcadia au XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Renucci Léa
Published: February 2022

L’académie d’Arcadia, fondée à Rome en octobre 1690, s’étend dans la péninsule italienne par la création d’implantations locales liées au siège romain et nommées colonia, ainsi que par la réunion de plus de 9600 membres au cours du xviiie siècle. Cette configuration institutionnelle unique pousse ses membres à participer à distance à la vie académique et à échanger par lettres avec Rome. Cet article vise ainsi à interroger la formation de ce groupe académique par l’écriture épistolaire : l’examen de l’épistolarité est une entrée pour étudier le « travail » à distance du groupe académique et des cas de conflits et tensions qui renforcent son identité. Les archives épistolaires de l’Arcadie, conservée à la bibliothèque Angelica de Rome, sont la principale source de cette étude.
Amalgamated Evolutionary Approach for Optimized Routing in Time Varying Ultra Dense Heterogeneous Networks
Authors: Misra Debashis Dev , Sarma Kandarpa Kumar , Goswami Pradyut Kumar , Bordoloi Subhrajyoti , Bhattacharjee Utpal
Published: February 2022

Routing mechanisms in Ultra-Dense Network (UDNs) are expected to be flexible, scalable, and robust in nature and the establishment of the shortest path between the source and destination pairs will always be a critical challenge. Through this projected work, the optimized shortest route of different source-destination pairs is found using a class of evolutionary optimization algorithms namely PSO, GA, and our proposed hybrid PSO–Genetic Mutation (PSO-GM) algorithm which searches for an optimized solution by representing it as a Shortest Path Routing (SPR) problem. The key attribute of the PSO-GM approach is related to the application of an amalgamated strategy with Gaussian, Cauchy, Levy, Single-point, and Chaos mutation operators. Simulation results and application of the above-mentioned algorithms to the SPR problem in UDNs reveal that the hybrid PSO-GM algorithm provides a comparatively enhanced optimized solution. In the case of the rate of convergence to the theoretical limit, the hybrid PSO-GM gives us 20% better results compared to the PSO and GA.
Simulation and Prediction of the Service Quality of China's Private Express Delivery and Its Influencing Factors Based on the System Dynamics Model
Authors: Zhong Daojun
Published: February 2022

With the continuous development of China’s private express delivery, how to improve the service quality and enable private express delivery company to gain a place in the fiercely competitive market has become a major issue faced by the manager. Therefore, we introduce the system dynamics method into the field of service quality evaluation to study the service quality of China’s private express delivery. Through system dynamics modeling, we discover the sensitive factors that affect the service quality of China's private express delivery, namely logistics information technology, staff training, and organization and management capability. According to the results of the sensitivity analysis, policy experiments are conducted to obtain the optimal resource allocation plan. The results show that, if the new investment is regarded as 100%, then the resource allocation plan corresponding to each subsystem is: 37.2% of the new investment should be allocated to the logistics information technology subsystem.
Annealing Time Effect on Intermetallic Compounds of Hot Dip Galvanizing Coating
Authors: Benarioua Younès
Published: February 2022

The use of zinc coatings deposited onto steel is one of the most important commercial processing techniques employed to protect steel components exposed to severe corrosive environments. Our objective is to improve the coated galvanizing steel used as irrigation tube in the agriculture field. After the best mechanical and chemical preparation, the substrates of this steel were galvanized by immersion in a molten zinc bath heated at 450°C during 15 min. the coated steel substrates underwent an annealing treatment in classical furnace heated at 350 °C for various holding times. This research work is to investigate the time effect of annealing treatment on intermetallic compounds of coatings obtained by hot dip galvanizing steel. For this purpose, several characterization means are used to evaluate the change effected by the annealing time on the phases of galvanizing coating. The kinetic growth of each layer relates the thickness to the annealing time by a simple power law. The treatment of annealing at temperature of 350 °C and holding time of 150 min can changed the structural and mechanical properties of coating phases. The gamma and delta layers presented the hard inner layers became relatively soft phases which would not lead to cracking and detachment of the coating.
Characterization of an Environmentally Friendly Tribological System for Deep Drawing Using Volatile Media as Lubricant Substitute
Authors: Reichardt Gerd , Liewald Mathias
Published: February 2022

Commonly used lubricants in sheet metal forming usually base on mineral or synthetic oils, water based emulsions, drawing films or hotmelts (waxes). However, these conventional lubricants often contain harmful substances to human health and the environment. For this reason, a novel tribological system for dry metal forming has been developed. Basic principle of this new tribological system comprises the use of volatile media such as CO2 (liquid) and N2 (gaseous), which are injected into the contact interface under high pressure via injectors integrated into the tool. The volatile media used, lead to a significant reduction in friction and ensure robust friction behavior in deep-drawing processes. The investigations reported about in this contribution particularly focus on the friction behavior occurring in this tribological system at highly loaded radii. The friction investigations were carried out by using a modified stretch-bending-test and showed the effects of the main process-influencing parameters. In the present paper, these results are compared to already published results of the friction behavior investigated by means of flat strip drawing investigations. The findings obtained in this way allow a better understanding and prediction of the tribological system´s properties, thus making it usable for sheet metal forming applications.
Numerical Analysis of Nucleation and Growth of Stray Grain Formation during Laser Welding Nickel-Based Single-Crystal Superalloy Part I: Morphology and Size of Dendrite Growth
Authors: Gao Zhi Guo
Published: February 2022

The dependency of morphology development and dendrite growth on welding conditions (laser power, welding speed and welding configuration) is numerically analyzed to decrease nucleation and growth of stray grain formation during laser processing aerospace component surface of ternary Ni-Cr-Al single-crystal superalloy. Proper (001)/[100] welding configuration crystallographically initiates three axisymmetrical distributions of microstructure development, i.e. stray grain formation, morphology development and dendrite trunk spacing, alongside the advancing solid/liquid interface of molten pool, whereby metallurgical properties are increased. Unpromising (001)/[110] welding configuration tends to crystallographically possesses unaxisymmetrical microstructure development to favor substantial crack-vulnerable dendrite size and morphology. Epitaxial [001] columnar dendrite growth region is favored for single-crystal dendrite growth, while vulnerable [100] equiaxed dendrite growth region is more susceptible to solidification cracking. The lower heat input is used, the smaller stray grain formation, negligible columnar/equiaxed transition (CET) and finer dendrite trunk spacing are consistently promoted by narrower constitutional undercooling ahead of solid/liquid interface to improve crack-resistant microstructure development and weld integrity. When comparing between [100] dendrite growth region on the right side and [010] dendrite growth region on the left side, (001)/[110] welding configuration spontaneously engenders severer stray grain formation, insidious columnar/equiaxed transition and coarser dendrite trunk spacing on the right side to deteriorate microstructure development with restriction of the same heat input on both sides of weld pool. The mechanism of asymmetrical solidification cracking as result of crystallography-induced microstructure degradation is therefore proposed. The theoretical predictions of asymmetrical solidification cracking susceptibility are comparable with experiments.
An Investigation into the Influence of Interrupted Loading in Improving the Stretch-Flangeability of Dual Phase Steel
Authors: Prasad Kali , Krisnaswamy Hariharan , Banerjee Dilip , Chakkingal Uday
Published: February 2022

Materials resistance to edge failure during sheet metal flanging operations is known as stretch-flangeability. It is one of the important concerns in the current automotive sector. Stretch flangeability of sheet metal is estimated by hole expansion test and commonly it is represented by hole expansion ratio (HER). The objective of the present work is to comprehend the hole expansion deformation behavior of DP600 steel. Firstly, finite element analysis was performed to understand the stress state at the edge during the hole expansion test. Thereafter, the effect of stress relaxation was studied by conducting hole expansion tests (HET) in monotonic and interrupted mode. Considerable improvement in the HER was observed. The HER was found to increase with the pre-strain. The combined effect of friction and stress relaxation played a crucial role in delaying the edge failure, resulting in the enhanced HER.
Heat Transfer Coefficient of Zinc Phosphate Coating with Metal Soap during Cold Backward Extrusion
Authors: Kada Osamu , Wang Zhi Gang
Published: February 2022

In cold forging, the temperature difference between the workpiece and the tool is small and thus deformation analysis is rarely coupled with thermal analysis. However, the friction coefficient of zinc phosphate coating with metal soap has a large temperature dependence. Consideration of the effects of workpiece and tool temperature change on the friction coefficient is thus expected to improve the analytical accuracy of cold forging. Thermally coupled cold forging analysis requires thermal conductivity, specific heat, heat transfer coefficient between the workpiece and the tool, in addition to the temperature dependence of flow stress and friction coefficient. The heat transfer coefficient between workpieces coated with zinc phosphate with metal soap and tools is investigated in this paper. Cold backward extrusion was performed with a 50% reduction of area, and the temperature history in the punch was measured with a thermocouple. The forging speed was 1, 3, and 10 spm. FEM analysis was performed to simulate the experiment by considering the temperature dependence of flow stress and friction coefficient. The heat transfer coefficient was estimated at 20 kW/(m2•°C) by comparing the experimental result and calibration curves.
Optimization of the Surface Geometry in Structured Cold Rolling for Interlocking of Formed and Die-Cast Metal Components
Authors: Ringel Aron , Lohmar Johannes
Published: February 2022

Modern lightweight design is often based on multi-material components. For example, structured sheet metals can be equipped with a die-cast light metal insert for structural support. To interlock sheet and insert, structures with undercuts are formed into the sheet in a multi-pass rolling process. In a first pass, structured rolls are used to create a structure of channels and ribs. Undercuts are formed in a consecutive pass by flat rolling those ribs. During die-casting, the melt flows into the channels and forms an interlocking connection once solidified. The joint strength is decisively determined by the undercut geometry. The undercuts formed by material displacement increase with the height reduction in the flat rolling pass. However, after a certain amount of material displacement, the channel side edge starts to fold over the channel bottom and forms an inner notch. Those inner notches can be prone to crack initiation and subsequently lead to component failure. To analyze the surface structure regarding channel depth, undercuts and inner notches as well as finally maximize the joint strength, a combined experimental and numerical study was laid out. The surface of 2.0 mm DC04 was structured with up to 0.5 mm deep channels and then flattened with different height reductions. The results from the 2D explicit FE-model suggest that a process optimum for those surface structures with high undercut width but without inner notch exists at 14% height reduction. However, in the experiments inner notches started to form at approx. 8% height reduction with approx. 20 µm wide undercuts for the given experimental setup. In contrast, maximum undercuts of approx. 50 µm form at 26% height reduction, but also cause inner notches with approx. 60 µm length.
Evaluation of the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation provided by the emergency response team at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Maddani Sagar S. , Chaudhuri Souvik , Krishna HM , Rao Shwethapriya , Unnithan Narayanan H. , Ravindranath Sunil T.
Published: February 2022

Background and Aims:

Chest compression fraction is the proportion of time spent on chest compression during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The aims of this study were to know the quality of CPR provided during in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) by analysing the chest compression fraction and to see the correlation of chest compression fraction with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in the hospital setting.

Methods:

This prospective observational study was conducted in patients aged >18 years who developed IHCA. An observer would assess the quality of CPR provided by noting the time spent on chest compression. The chest compression fraction was calculated and correlated in patients with ROSC and without ROSC. Patients who survived were followed until discharge, and their neurological score was determined using the cerebral performance category (CPC).

Results:

We included 126 patients in the study; the mean chest compression fraction achieved was 78% (standard deviation [SD] ± 5). A total of 73 (58%) patients achieved ROSC and among them, 11 patients (9%) survived to hospital discharge. We found that the patients with ROSC had a significantly higher chest compression fraction of 80% (SD ± 5), as compared to 75% (SD ± 5), in whom ROSC could not be achieved. A multivariate logistic regression test showed higher odds (1.125) of ROSC in patients with high chest compression fraction. The mean CPC among the survivors was 1.4 (SD ± 0.5).

Conclusion:

Our study shows that health-care providers in our hospital provide high-quality CPR, and chest compression fraction is independently associated with ROSC in IHCA.
Hearing Loss Cannot Be a Barrier to Health Care Communications
Authors: Scheina Carol
Published: February 2022

The pandemic has drastically changed how medical care is offered, but particularly for the deaf and hard of hearing communities. Video chats allow doctors to see patients without the risk of exposure, yet accessibility for those chats can be difficult to arrange. A patient might not know how to arrange or schedule one, particularly if using an unfamiliar video chat platform.
On smooth perturbations of Chebyshëv polynomials and -Riemann–Hilbert method
Authors: Yattselev Maxim L.
Published: February 2022

$\bar {\partial } $
-extension of the matrix Riemann–Hilbert method is used to study asymptotics of the polynomials
$ P_n(z) $
satisfying orthogonality relations
$$ \begin{align*} \int_{-1}^1 x^lP_n(x)\frac{\rho(x)dx}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}=0, \quad l\in\{0,\ldots,n-1\}, \end{align*} $$

where
$ \rho (x) $
is a positive
$ m $
times continuously differentiable function on
$ [-1,1] $
,
$ m\geq 3 $
.
Evaluation de l’effet trophique de l’huile de neem (Azadirachta indica) chez les poulets de chair de souche Sasso
Authors: Koukoura Komi Komi , Brah Marc , Kantati Yendoubé T. , Tchacondo Tchadjobo
Published: February 2022

L’alimentation, facteur environnemental déterminant est indispensable pour une production avicole de qualité. Face aux contraintes alimentaires, différentes matières premières non conventionnelles ont été introduites dans les rations de la volaille avec l’usage des matières grasses. Le but de cette étude a été d’évaluer l’effet de l’huile de neem sur les performances zootechniques, les caractéristiques de la carcasse et les paramètres biochimiques sériques des poulets de chair à croissance lente ; par la méthode d’alimentation d’un lot test avec de la nourriture contenant de l’huile de neem, par rapport à un lot témoin avec de la nourriture dépourvue de l’huile de neem. Jusqu’à cinq semaines d’âge de traitement avec des concentrations respectives de 0,25% (T0,25), 0,50% (T0,50), 0,75% (T0,75) et 1% (T1), les individus du lot T0,50 ont montré la meilleur Indice de Consommation et un gain considérable de poids par rapport aux autres lots et au lot témoin. Il a été aussi démontré que, les poulets traités ont présenté une longueur de l’intestin plus élevée et un poids du cœur plus faible que les témoins. L’alimentation des volailles avec de la nourriture à base d’huile de neem auraient donc un effet bénéfique sur les performances de production. Ces résultats pourraient apporter une contribution à l’amélioration de la production des poulets de chair.

 

English title: Evaluation of the trophic effect of neem oil (Azadirachta indica) in Sasso strain broilers

Feed, a determining environmental factor, is essential for quality poultry production. Due to dietary constraints, different non-conventional raw materials have been introduced in poultry rations with the use of fats. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of neem oil on zootechnical performance, carcass characteristics, and serum biochemical parameters of slow growing broilers; by feeding a test batch with feed containing neem oil, compared to a control batch with feed without neem oil. Five week chicks were given neem oil feed with concentrations of 0.25 (T0.25), 0.50 (T0.50), 0.75 (T0.75), and 1% (T1), respectively. The individuals of the T0.50 batch showed the best Consumption Index and a considerable weight gain compared to the other batches and the control batch. The treated chickens also showed an increase gut length and a decrease heart weight than those of the controls. Feeding chickens with neem oil feed showed a beneficial effect on production performance. These results could contribute to the improvement of broiler production.
Evaluation de la production du Moringa oleifera Lam. sur substrat constitué de boue de vidange en fonction de la fertilisation et de la dose d’irrigation
Authors: Siddo Ibrahim Soumaïla , Adamou Mahaman Moustapha , Badjo Abdourahmane Tankari Dan , Bana Zaleyha Amadou
Published: February 2022

Dans le contexte de développement durable, la gestion des déchets, quelle que soit leur nature occupe une place importante. La non valorisation des boues de la Société d’Exploitation des Eaux du Niger (SEEN) a motivé la réalisation de cette étude. Menée en condition semis contrôlée, elle avait pour objectif d’évaluer la production du Moringa oleifera sur boue de vidange en fonction de deux doses d’irrigation combinées à différents types de fertilisation. Le dispositif expérimental était un split plot à quatre répétitions et deux facteurs: la dose d’irrigation (0,5 L et 1 L) et la composition du substrat (B, BSC, BSE, BC, BS et S). Les paramètres observés sont : le taux de survie, la hauteur des plantules, le nombre de feuilles, le diamètre au collet de la plante, l’élongation racinaire et la biomasse totale. Les résultats ont montré que la dose d’irrigation de « 1 litre » a été plus favorable sur l’ensemble des substrats et que les plants issus des substrats Boue + Sol ; Boue + Sol + Engrais et Boue + Sol + Compost ont donné les meilleurs résultats. Par contre, une forte létalité des plantes sur les substrats composés uniquement de Boue a été observée. Cette boue pourrait être utilisée en agriculture à condition qu’elle soit supplémentée par des fertilisants organiques.

 

English title: Evaluation of the production of Moringa oleifera Lam. on the substrate based on mud of drain according to the fertilization and the dose of irrigation

In the context of durable context of development, the management of the waste, whatever the nature has an important place. The non-valorisation of the mud of the Niger Society of Exploitation of Water (NSEW) motivated the realization of this research leaded in seedling controlled condition. The research objective is evaluate the production of Moringa oleifera on the mud of drain according to two doses of irrigation combined on different types of fertilization. The experimental device was Split plot of four repetitions and the two factors: the dose of (0.5 L and 1 L) and the composition of the substrate (B, BSC BSE, BC and S). The parameters observed are the rate of survival, the height of the seedling, the number of leaves, the diameter collar of the seedling, the elongation of the roots and the total biomass. The results have showed that the dose of irrigation of 1 L was more favorable on the whole substractes whereas the seeds of substrates mud + Sol, mud + sol + fertilizer and mud + sol + compost had given the best results although a Big lethality of the seedling on the substractes composed only of mud was observed. This mud could be used in agriculture in condition that it may be followed by some organic fertilizers.
Efficiency of four types of beetles traps in rubber plantation in the Southern of Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Douan Bleu Gondo , Doh Franceline , Danon Aubin Silvère Djiwha , Beugre N’djiha Isabelle , Touré Donatié Serge , Guinagui N’doua Bertrand , Doumbia Mamadou
Published: February 2022

The current study focuses on different types of beetle’s traps in rubber plantations in the localities of Bongo and Toupah, in the south of Côte d’Ivoire. The objective of this work is to determine the most efficient trap for capturing beetles in these agrosystems. Four trapping methods, namely yellow trap on the ground, yellow trap at height, screen trap and pitfall trap were used in plantations of different ages. The investigation resulted in more captures of beetles from the screen traps with means of 236.5 and 365.5 beetles in Toupah and Bongo, respectively. Pitfall traps captured fewer individuals (22.58 and 39.83 individuals from Toupah and Bongo, respectively). Yellow traps on the ground and height captured more individuals in 1 to 5 years aged plantations. Pitfall traps captured more individuals in 6 to 10 year aged plantations and screen traps captured more beetles in the forests. Beetle’s family richness is higher in screen traps with means of 23.83 and 19 families, whereas the pitfall trap captured the fewest beetles’ families with means of 8.58 and 6.58 families captured from Bongo and Toupah, respectively. Yellow ground traps, yellow height traps and screen traps captured more phytophagous beetles. However, pitfall traps captured more predators and fewer phytophagous. The screen trap appeared as the most effective and most suitable trap against beetles in rubber plantations.
Index et charge glycémiques de quatre jus de fruits chez des sujets adultes jeunes apparemment sains
Authors: Gomina Moutawakilou , Sant’anna Gwladys , Salifou Tarik , Alassani Adebayo , Cisse Ibrahim Mama , Baba-Moussa Lamine , Akpona Simon
Published: February 2022

La consommation de jus de fruits naturels n’a pas d’effet significatif ni sur la glycémie à jeun ni sur le contrôle glycémique chez les diabétiques. L’objectif de cette étude était de déterminer l’index et la charge glycémiques de quatre jus de fruits chez des sujets adultes jeunes apparemment sains. Il s’agissait d’une étude quasi expérimentale, qui a inclus 32 sujets adultes volontaires apparemment sains, sélectionnés selon les critères de l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé et répartis en 4 groupes de 8. Chaque groupe de sujets a consommé à deux reprises l’aliment de référence (pain blanc pour 2 groupes ; glucose pour les 2 autres), puis une portion de l’un des jus de fruits contenant une quantité équivalente à 25 g de glucides. L’Index Glycémique (IG) et la Charge Glycémique (CG) ont été déterminés par la méthode standard. Le jus DAFANI orange-mangue avait un IG faible (47,50), les jus DAFANI cocktail mangue-ananas-fruit de la passion (62,25) et ananas IRA (64,12) un IG moyen, et le jus DAFANI nectar mangue (87,62) un IG élevé. Tous les jus de fruits avaient une CG modérée (comprise entre 11 et 19). Bien que la CG des jus de fruits étudiés soit modérée, leur consommation doit être contrôlée en particulier chez les diabétiques.

 

English title: Glycemic index and glycemic load of four fruit juices in apparently healthy young adults’ subjects

Consuming natural fruit juices has no significant effect on either fasting blood sugar or blood sugar control in diabetics. This study was aimed to determine the glycemic index and glycemic load of four fruit juices in apparently healthy young adult subjects. Through a quasi-experimental study, 32 apparently healthy adult volunteers were selected using the World Health Organization criteria, and divided into 4 groups of 8. Each group of subjects consumed twice the reference food (white bread for 2 groups; glucose for the 2 other), then a serving of one of the fruit juices containing an amount equivalent to 25 g of carbohydrate. The Glycemic Index (GI) and Glycemic Load (GL) was determined by the standard method. DAFANI orange-mango juice had a low GI (47.50), DAFANI mango-pineapple-passion fruit cocktail (62.25) and pineapple IRA (64.12) juices had an average GI, and DAFANI mango nectar juice (87.62) a high GI. All fruit juices had a moderate GL (between 11 and 19). Despite the moderate GL of fruit juices studied, their consumption must be controlled, particularly in diabetics.
Efficacité des Aires Communautaires de Conservation de la Biodiversité (ACCB) à protéger les espèces ligneuses menacées dans la réserve de biosphère du Mono (Bénin)
Authors: Siako Abdou Salami Amadou , Houessou Laurent Gbènato , Arouna Ousséni , Dossou Etienne Monsoundé , Tente Brice
Published: February 2022

La création des réserves de biosphère constitue une des stratégies adoptées pour assurer la  conservation de la biodiversité. Malgré cette disposition, l'efficacité des réserves de biosphère pour garantir la conservation de la biodiversité demeure encore un sujet de discussion scientifique. Cette étude visait à analyser l'efficacité de la réserve de biosphère du Mono au Bénin dans la conservation des espèces ligneuses menacées. Une modélisation de l'entropie maximale (MaxEnt) a été réalisée pour identifier les habitats favorables de ces espèces ligneuses menacées. Les habitats favorables aux différentes espèces ligneuses menacées ont ensuite été superposés aux ACCB existantes pour déterminer la proportion des habitats favorables retrouvée dans ces ACCB. Les résultats ont révélé des lacunes en matière de conservation dans la réserve de biosphère du Mono, car plus de 86% des habitats favorables aux espèces ligneuses menacées se trouvaient hors de l’aire centrale et de la zone tampon de la réserve où étaient concentrés les efforts de conservation. Sur la base de ces résultats, il est nécessaire de générer de nouvelles aires centrales à partir des habitats appropriés des espèces ligneuses menacées pour réduire les lacunes de conservation dans la réserve de biosphère du Mono.

English title: Effectiveness of Community Areas for Biodiversity Conservation (ACCB) in protecting threatened woody plant species in the Mono biosphere reserve (Benin)

The creation of biosphere reserves is one of the strategies adopted to ensure the conservation of biodiversity. However, the effectiveness of biosphere reserves in ensuring the conservation of biodiversity still remains a subject of scientific debate. This study aimed to analyse the effectiveness of the Mono biosphere reserve (Benin) in the conservation of threatened woody species. Maximum entropy modelling (MaxEnt) was performed to identify suitable habitats for these threatened woody species. The suitable habitats for the various threatened woody species were then superimposed on the existing ACCB to determine the proportion of suitable habitats found in these ACCB. The results revealed conservation gaps in the Mono biosphere reserve, as more than 86% of suitable habitats for threatened woody species were found outside the core area and buffer zone of the reserve where conservation efforts were concentrated. Based on these results, it is necessary to generate new core areas from suitable habitats of threatened woody species to reduce the conservation gaps in the Mono biosphere reserve.
Histomorphological Assessment and Characterization of The Alcoholic Extract of Azadirachta Indica Heartwood as A Counter stain
Authors: Mohammed M.O. , Abubakar U. , Umar M.S. , Avwioro O.G. , Mohammed I. , Aliu A. , Ajayi A.S. , Usman K. , Abdullahi R. , Alhassan M.
Published: February 2022

No Abstract.
Comparison of Lipid Peroxidation and Lipid Profile Among Apparently Healthy Abdominal and Generalized Obese Subjects in Sokoto
Authors: Najib H.H. , Wali U. , Mainasara A.S. , Biambo A.A.
Published: February 2022

No Abstract.
Increasing Farmers’ Access to Aquaculture Extension Services: Lessons from Central and Northern Uganda
Authors: Atukunda Gertrude , Atekyereza Peter , Walakira John , State Andrew Ellias
Published: February 2022

This paper focuses on examining the modalities of extension service provision, and determining feasible approaches for increasing accessibility among fish farmers in Uganda. The paper draws on a cross-sectional study involving fish farming households and extension workers to determine access to extension services for improved farming practices. Quantitative data were collected from 246 households using a semi-structured questionnaire. Qualitative data were generated from Key Informant interviews with selected extension workers, officials in charge of extension planning District Fisheries Officers and Fish Farmer Group leaders. Focus Group Discussions were also conducted with fish farmers. The results indicated a significant association between socio-economic characteristics of fish farmers and access to extension services. Size of land owned, income from pond fish and membership to fish-farmer groups were the significant factors (P<0.05). All the respondents reported pressing needs which required extension intervention. The respondents expressed the need to form effective farmer groups for the purpose of sharing knowledge, arriving at mutual agreement on scheduling extension activities and providing feedback to the extension workers. Specifically for the northern region, there is a need for the Fisheries Extension Officer to identify and respond to the extension needs of fish farmers through various means including ICTs. Identifying solutions to social, technical and institutional constraints in extension can increase access to services through constructive social interactions between farmers and extension agents. The article provides important lessons for practice and policy, and proposes a farmer-centred model, capable of facilitating increased access to aquaculture extension services in Uganda.
Pendekatan Kontekstual Sebagai Upaya Penginjilan Kepada Remaja Kristen
Authors: Emiyati Ayang , Silitonga Ayu Rotama , Widyawati Ni Kadek Sri
Published: February 2022

Service to Christian teenagers is essential for faith growth. Adolescents are in a phase or situation that is difficult to deal with because of developments or the effects of changing times, both positive and negative changes. The need for service to adolescents because in this phase teenagers begin to form their mindset and there is a feeling of needing or wanting to be cared for. Therefore, an approach is needed in providing contextual services to Christian adolescents. The question is how can a servant approach contextually to Christian teenagers? This paper aims to understand and understand several approaches that need to be taken in order to provide contextual service to Christian adolescents. The method used is qualitative by interviewing or direct observation to examine and understand the attitudes, views, feelings and behavior of an individual or group of people. Then this writing also uses the literature method to support writing through various journals and books. AbstrakPelayanan kepada remaja Kristen begitu penting guna pertumbuhan iman.  Remaja ada dalam fase atau situasi yang sulit dihadapi karena perkembangan atau pengaruh perubahan jaman baik perubahan secara positif maupun perubahan secara negative. Perlunya pelayanan kepada remaja dikarenakan pada fase ini remaja mulai terbentuk pola pikirnya dan ada perasaan membutuhkan, ingin diterima dengan baik, ingin diperhatikan, dipuji dan ingin dipedulikan.  Dalam melayani remaja yang juga penuh ego diperlukan beberapa pendekatan dalam melakukan pelayanan kontekstual. Yang menjadi pertanyaan ialah apa saja pendekatan yang dilakukan oleh pelayan Tuhan sehingga dapat menjalankan pelayanan kontekstual dengan lancar kepada remaja Kristen? Tulisan ini memiliki tujuan yaitu pelayan memahami dan mengerti beberapa pendekatan yang perlu dilakukan guna melakukan pelayanan kontekstual kepada remaja Kristen. Adapun metode yang digunakan ialah kualitatif dengan mewawancarai atau pengamatan secara langsung untuk menelaah dan memahami sikap, pandangan, perasaan dan perilaku individu atau sekelompok orang.  Kemudian penulisan ini juga menggunakan metode kepustakaan atau literature dengan melakukan observasi terhadap buku – buku dan jurnal untuk mendukung penulisan dikaji dari sudut pandang yang utuh, komprehensif dan holistik.
"OS DOZE PARES DE FRANÇA VÊM DE BELÉM DO PARÁ ...": HERANÇAS E MUTAÇÕES DO ÉPICO MEDIEVAL FRANCÊS NA CULTURA POPULAR BRASILEIRA
Authors: Langenbruch Beate
Published: February 2022

Este trabalho analisa as múltiplas formas pelas quais a cultura popular brasileira atualiza a herança épica medieval francesa. Ao chegar ao Novo Mundo através da História do Imperador Carlos Magno, a matéria carolíngia faz sucesso com todos os públicos. As vozes individuais e coletivas são prova disso: a oposição pagão-cristã estruturante permanece operante e significativa até hoje em conflitos políticos, eventos culturais, folclore afro-brasileiro, literatura de cordel e música popular. E se Carlos Magno e seus Doze Pares fossem de fato brasileiros?