bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introduced and extinct: neglected archival specimens shed new light on the historical biogeography of an iconic avian species in the Mediterranean
Authors: FORCINA Giovanni , CLAVERO Miguel , MEISTER Marie , BARILARO Christina , GUERRINI Monica , BARBANERA Filippo
Published: January 2024

Collection specimens provide valuable and often overlooked biological material that enables addressing relevant, long‐unanswered questions in conservation biology, historical biogeography, and other research fields. Here, we use preserved specimens to analyze the historical distribution of the black francolin (Francolinus francolinus, Phasianidae), a case that has recently aroused the interest of archeozoologists and evolutionary biologists. The black francolin currently ranges from the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East to the Indian subcontinent, but, at least since the Middle Ages, it also had a circum‐Mediterranean distribution. The species could have persisted in Greece and the Maghreb until the 19th century, even though this possibility had been questioned due to the absence of museum specimens and scant literary evidence. Nevertheless, we identified four 200‐year‐old stuffed black francolins—presumably the only ones still existing—from these areas and sequenced their mitochondrial DNA control region. Based on the comparison with conspecifics (n = 396) spanning the entirety of the historic and current species range, we found that the new samples pertain to previously identified genetic groups from either the Near East or the Indian subcontinent. While disproving the former occurrence of an allegedly native westernmost subspecies, these results point toward the role of the Crown of Aragon in the circum‐Mediterranean expansion of the black francolin, including the Maghreb and Greece. Genetic evidence hints at the long‐distance transport of these birds along the Silk Road, probably to be traded in the commerce centers of the Eastern Mediterranean.
Environmental microbiome in the home and daycare settings during the COVID‐19 pandemic, and potential risk of non‐communicable disease in children
Authors: McKay Jill A. , Crown Matthew , Bashton Matthew , Pearce David , Entwistle Jane A. , Sangal Vartul
Published: January 2024

An exposure to diverse microbial population early in life is important for the development of immunity against various non‐communicable diseases including asthma, childhood leukaemia and other cancers. Social mixing in daycare settings helps with exposure to a variety of microbes. However, social isolation and a high emphasis on workplace hygiene during the COVID pandemic may have affected children's exposure to diverse microbiota. The structure of microbial communities and their role in developing immunity to various diseases are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the structure of microbial communities in daycare and home settings during the pandemic. Interestingly, microbial diversity was relatively higher in dust samples collected from homes, with human‐associated taxa being more prevalent compared to those from daycare settings. Environmental microbes were more abundant in dust samples from daycare providers. These results potentially suggest that cleaning practices during the pandemic may have influenced the diversity and microbial abundance of the daycare samples. Several bacterial taxa detected in both the environments are known to induce anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory responses, conferring protection from various diseases. Therefore, exposure to diverse microbial population in early childhood may play an important role in developing immunity against various non‐communicable and infectious diseases.
A critical review of ethanol effects on neuronal firing: A metabolic perspective
Authors: Popova Dina , Sun Jacquelyne , Chow Hei‐Man , Hart Ronald P.
Published: January 2024

Ethanol metabolism is relatively understudied in neurons, even though changes in neuronal metabolism are known to affect their activity. Recent work demonstrates that ethanol is preferentially metabolized over glucose as a source of carbon and energy, and it reprograms neurons to a state of reduced energy potential and diminished capacity to utilize glucose once ethanol is exhausted. Ethanol intake has been associated with changes in neuronal firing and specific brain activity (EEG) patterns have been linked with risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Furthermore, a haplotype of the inwardly rectifying potassium channel subunit, GIRK2, which plays a critical role in regulating excitability of neurons, has been linked with AUD and shown to be directly regulated by ethanol. At the same time, overexpression of GIRK2 prevents ethanol‐induced metabolic changes. Based on the available evidence, we conclude that the mechanisms underlying the effects of ethanol on neuronal metabolism are a novel target for developing therapies for AUD.
Do innovator CEOs matter in IPOs?
Authors: Lin Zhilu , Wu Wentao , Zheng Suyan
Published: January 2024

This paper examines the impact of innovator CEOs on their firms' IPO underpricing, long‐run performance and post‐IPO innovation. Firstly, we find that IPO firms led by innovator CEOs experience lower first‐day returns (indicating lower IPO underpricing). This phenomenon can be attributed to a CEO's innovative ability, as it plays a pivotal role in mitigating information asymmetry within the IPO market. Secondly, we observe that IPO firms with innovator CEOs have greater IPO long‐run performance. Lastly, our analysis reveals that IPO firms led by innovator CEOs demonstrate greater firm‐wide innovation up to 4 years after the IPO. Overall, our study highlights the effect of CEO characteristics on firm performance in the IPO market.
The effectiveness of a home‐based dietetic intervention for community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Weng Vicky , Wiles Nicole , Jenkins Deanna , Amanatidis Sue , Kidd Joanna C. , Walsh Jessica A. , Baillie Andrew J. , Naganathan Vasi
Published: January 2024

Objectives

The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of clients receiving home‐based dietetic intervention and to evaluate the effectiveness of these interventions in improving nutritional status, functional status, and quality of life in a culturally and socioeconomically diverse client group.

Methods

Participants referred to a home‐based dietetic service were recruited to this prospective cohort study. Dietetic interventions were recommended at baseline and reviewed at 3‐month follow‐up. Assessment of nutritional, functional and quality of life markers was measured using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), Timed Up and Go (TUG) and EQ‐5D‐5L, respectively, at baseline and after home‐based dietetic intervention.

Results

Participants (n = 99) were recruited from consecutive referrals. Participant's weight, body mass index (BMI), total daily energy and protein intake, MNA total score, and TUG significantly improved after a 3‐month nutrition intervention (effect sizes 0.257, 0.257, 0.580, 0.533, 0.577 and 0.281, respectively). The most common interventions dietitians utilised were nutrition education, use of oral nutritional supplements (ONS) and meal fortification. In total, 339 dietetic interventions were recommended to participants at baseline with 197 (58.11%) implemented at 3 months, with meal planning and referral to other relevant allied health or Commonwealth Home Support Program (CHSP) services the most implemented interventions.

Conclusions

Home‐based dietetic intervention improves nutritional status, functional status and quality of life in community‐dwelling older adults referred for dietetic input. Improvements observed in nutritional and functional status were consistent with benchmarks of change from published literature.
Cognition, mental health and quality of life amongst siblings of preterm born children: A systematic review
Authors: Silva Wnurinham , Virtanen Eeva , Kajantie Eero , Sebert Sylvain
Published: January 2024

Aim

Globally, 1 in 10 babies are born preterm. Families with preterm born infants may suffer strains related to the presence of a preterm child. To date, most evidence focuses on the outcome of children born preterm and of their parents. Our objective was to investigate the evidence on the impact of having a preterm born sibling on cognitive function, mental health and quality of life of term‐born siblings and critically appraise the evidence.

Methods

We searched five electronic databases, Google Scholar and reference lists. Two reviewers independently conducted screening, data extraction and critical appraisal.

Results

We retrieved 9121 articles. After duplicates, titles, abstract and full text review, seven studies met the inclusion criteria. One study reported higher anxiety and depression scores on index cases in the term born comparison group, compared to the index cases in the preterm born sibling group. Another study reported more feelings of reduced parental attention, and more interpersonal problems in the preterm born sibling group, than the comparison group.

Conclusions

Although two studies reported a difference in outcomes between index cases in preterm born sibling groups and comparison groups, the scarce evidence did not allow us to delineate an effect or lack of it.
The alien Chinese windmill palm (Trachycarpus fortunei) impacts forest vegetation and regeneration on the southern slope of the European Alps
Authors: Fehr Vincent , Conedera Marco , Fratte Michele Dalle , Cerabolini Bruno , Benedetti Chiara , Buitenwerf Robert , Svenning Jens‐Christian , Maspoli Guido , Pezzatti Gianni Boris
Published: January 2024

Questions

Does the non‐native evergreen Chinese windmill palm (Trachycarpus fortunei) affect native plant community and forest regeneration in deciduous forests? Are effects modulated by soil moisture? What are the implications for forest management and nature conservation?

Location

Broadleaved deciduous low‐elevation forests on the southern slope of the Alps across the Swiss–Italian border region.

Methods

We compared the native herbaceous and woody plant composition, species richness, Shannon diversity and abundance at ten deciduous forest sites on two moisture conditions (six mesic–moist sites and four mesic–dry sites). Each site consisted of three plots measuring 400 m2 along a gradient of T. fortunei presence, ranging from “dominant”, to “present but not dominant” to “absent”.

Results

In mesic–moist forests with high densities of T. fortunei, species richness and Shannon diversity of native plants and recruiting woody species in the herb and shrub layers were significantly reduced compared to similar sites where T. fortunei is absent or not dominant. However, in mesic–dry forests these variables did not differ between palm‐invaded and uninvaded plots. The abundance of recruiting woody individuals did not differ between plots invaded by palms and uninvaded control plots in either forest type.

Conclusions

We expect detrimental consequences for plant diversity in mesic–moist alluvial forests with high T. fortunei densities and few detrimental consequences in the more widespread non‐alluvial forests. We recommend multifaceted management, including targeted eradication in alluvial forests identified as hotspots of native plant diversity, accompanied by hands‐off management of T. fortunei in non‐alluvial forests, recognizing the ongoing and inevitable “laurophyllisation”; a biome shift toward mixed‐evergreen forest that may increase ecosystem climate resilience under ongoing climatic warming.
Understanding anxiety through uncertainty quantification
Authors: Hedley Friederike Elisabeth , Larsen Emmett , Mohanty Aprajita , Liu Jeremiah Zhe , Jin Jingwen
Published: January 2024

Uncertainty has been a central concept in psychological theories of anxiety. However, this concept has been plagued by divergent connotations and operationalizations. The lack of consensus hinders the current search for cognitive and biological mechanisms of anxiety, jeopardizes theory creation and comparison, and restrains translation of basic research into improved diagnoses and interventions. Drawing upon uncertainty decomposition in Bayesian Decision Theory, we propose a well‐defined conceptual structure of uncertainty in cognitive and clinical sciences, with a focus on anxiety. We discuss how this conceptual structure provides clarity and can be naturally applied to existing frameworks of psychopathology research. Furthermore, it allows formal quantification of various types of uncertainty that can benefit both research and clinical practice in the era of computational psychiatry.
Diagnostic utility of genetic alterations in distinguishing IDH‐wildtype glioblastoma from lower‐grade gliomas: Insight from next‐generation sequencing analysis of 479 cases
Authors: Lee Boram , Hwang Soohyun , Bae Hyunsik , Choi Kyue‐Hee , Suh Yeon‐Lim
Published: January 2024

The accurate diagnosis and classification of gliomas are essential for appropriate treatment planning and prognosis prediction. This study aimed to investigate the molecular diagnostics of IDH‐wildtype diffuse astrocytic gliomas and identify potential genetic variants that could differentiate glioblastoma (GBM) from lower‐grade gliomas when DNA methylation analysis is not feasible. In total, 479 H3‐and IDH‐wildtype diffuse astrocytic gliomas were included in this study. All the cases were diagnosed according to the 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Panel sequencing data were collected, and clinicopathological information was retrieved from medical records. Genetic alterations and histological findings were analyzed to determine their diagnostic utility and prognostic implications. Out of 479 cases, 439 (91.6%) were diagnosed with GBM, including 28 cases that were molecularly diagnosed as GBM. However, 40 (8.4%) cases could not be classified according to the 2021 WHO classification and were diagnosed as lower‐grade diffuse astrocytic glioma, IDH‐wildtype, not elsewhere classified (LGNEC). In addition to the three genetic alterations included in the diagnostic criteria of GBM, PTEN and EGFR mutations were found to be enriched in GBM. Patients harboring mTOR pathway mutations demonstrated a more favorable prognosis and often exhibited morphology resembling subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, along with a high tumor mutational burden. Among patients with mTOR pathway mutations, those lacking molecular diagnostic features of GBM exhibited outstanding survival outcomes, even in the presence of grade 4 histology. Integration of molecular features enhanced the diagnostic accuracy of IDH‐wildtype gliomas. Some molecular alterations enriched in GBM offer valuable insights for molecular diagnosis and glioma classification. Furthermore, high‐grade diffuse astrocytic gliomas featuring mTOR pathway mutations in the absence of molecular diagnostic features of GBM could represent more favorable tumor types distinct from GBM.
Does corporate social responsibility increase innovation? Evidence from France
Authors: Yousfi Ouidad
Published: January 2024

The current paper examines how corporate social responsibility (CSR) through three dimensions (social, environmental and governance) could influence technological and non‐technological innovations. The study is conducted on a longitudinal dataset of firms listed on the SBF120 index between 2005 and 2016. It shows significant associations between CSR performance, particularly social and governance performances, and technological innovations introducing new products. The implementation of new processes is positively and significantly associated with environmental performance. Findings highlight that the three CSR dimensions have significant effects on management innovations. However, they did not influence marketing innovations. Finally, undertaking socially responsible projects does not drive significant changes in R&D strategy, specifically R&D expenditures and the number of hired scientists and experts, but it increases significantly the number of patents.
Creating equilibrium: Four relational mechanisms that facilitate positive change
Authors: Sanders Jackie , Liebenberg Linda
Published: January 2024

This paper uses critical realism to identify mechanisms that activate successful relationships. It draws data from a longitudinal, mixed‐methods study of youth who used multiple services. It examines functionality of four relational mechanisms: power, recognition, responsiveness and mutuality that lead to positive change and explores the implications of these for practice with youth with complex needs.
rTMS reduces delta and increases theta oscillations in Alzheimer's disease: A visual‐evoked and event‐related potentialsstudy
Authors: Velioglu Halil Aziz , Dudukcu Esra Zeynep , Hanoglu Lutfu , Guntekin Bahar , Akturk Tuba , Yulug Burak
Published: January 2024

Background

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has emerged as a promising alternative therapy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to its ability to modulate neural networks and enhance cognitive function. This treatment offers the unique advantage of enabling real‐time monitoring of immediate cognitive effects and dynamic brain changes through electroencephalography (EEG).

Objective

This study focused on exploring the effects of left parietal rTMS stimulation on visual‐evoked potentials (VEP) and visual event‐related potentials (VERP) in AD patients.

Methods

Sixteen AD patients were recruited for this longitudinal study. EEG data were collected within a Faraday cage both pre‐ and post‐rTMS to evaluate its impact on potentials.

Results

Significant alterations were found in both VEP and VERP oscillations. Specifically, delta power in VEP decreased, while theta power in VERP increased post‐rTMS, indicating a modulation of brain activities.

Discussion

These findings confirm the positive modulatory impact of rTMS on brain activities in AD, evidenced by improved cognitive scores. They align with previous studies highlighting the potential of rTMS in managing hyperexcitability and oscillatory disturbances in the AD cortex.

Conclusion

Cognitive improvements post‐rTMS endorse its potential as a promising neuromodulatory treatment for cognitive enhancement in AD, thereby providing critical insights into the neurophysiological anomalies in AD and possible therapeutic avenues.
PVT1 promotes proliferation and macrophage immunosuppressive polarization through STAT1 and CX3CL1 regulation in glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Huang Lijie , Wang Zheng , Liao Chihyi , Zhao Zheng , Gao Hua , Huang Ruoyu , Chen Jing , Wu Fan , Zeng Fan , Zhang Ying , Jiang Tao , Hu Huimin
Published: January 2024

Aims

This study aimed to investigate the role of plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1), a long non‐coding RNA, in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and its impact on the tumor microenvironment (TME).

Methods

We assessed aberrant PVT1 expression in glioma tissues and its impact on GBM cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, we investigated PVT1's role in influencing glioma‐associated macrophages. To understand PVT1's role in cell growth and the immunosuppressive TME, we performed a series of comprehensive experiments.

Results

PVT1 was overexpressed in GBM due to copy number amplification, correlating with poor prognosis. Elevated PVT1 promoted GBM cell proliferation, while its downregulation inhibited growth in vitro and in vivo. PVT1 inhibited type I interferon‐stimulated genes (ISGs), with STAT1 as the central hub. PVT1 correlated with macrophage enrichment and regulated CX3CL1 expression, promoting recruitment and M2 phenotype polarization of macrophages. PVT1 localized to the cell nucleus and bound to DHX9, enriching at the promoter regions of STAT1 and CX3CL1, modulating ISGs and CX3CL1 expression.

Conclusion

PVT1 plays a significant role in GBM, correlating with poor prognosis, promoting cell growth, and shaping an immunosuppressive TME via STAT1 and CX3CL1 regulation. Targeting PVT1 may hold therapeutic promise for GBM patients.
Arsenic trioxide induces ferroptosis in neuroblastoma by mediating GPX4 transcriptional inhibition
Authors: Su Mingwei , Liu Xiaoshan , Ma Yuhan , Peng Xiaomin , Xiong Xilin , Weng Wenjun , Huang Ke , Li Yang
Published: January 2024

Neuroblastoma (NB), the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood, significantly contributes to cancer‐related mortality, presenting a dearth of efficacious treatment strategies. Previously, our studies have substantiated the potent cytotoxicity of arsenic trioxide (ATO) against NB cells, however, the specific underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we first identified ATO as a novel GPX4 inhibitor, which could trigger the ferroptosis in NB cells. In vitro, ATO significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration ability of NB cells SK‐N‐AS and SH‐SY5Y, and induced ferroptosis. Furthermore, the iron chelator deferoxamine reversed ATO‐mediated intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation and hindered the generation of the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde. Conversely, ferric ammonium citrate notably intensified its cytotoxic effects, especially on retinoic acid (RA)‐resistant SK‐N‐AS cells. Subsequently, the quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction results showed ATO significantly inhibited the transcription of GPX4 in NB cells. Remarkably, immunoblotting analysis revealed that MG132 exhibited a notable effect on elevating GPX4 levels in NB cells. Nevertheless, pretreatment with MG132 failed to reverse the ATO‐mediated decrease in GPX4 levels. These findings suggested that ATO reduced the GPX4 expression level in NB cells by mediating GPX4 transcriptional repression rather than facilitating ubiquitinated degradation. In conclusion, our research has successfully indicated that ATO could induce ferroptosis and initiate lipid peroxidation by regulating the transcriptional repression of GPX4, and ATO holds promise as a potential anti‐tumor agent in NB, specifically for patients with RA‐resistant HR‐NB.
Flying to greener pastures: Spider ballooning in the city
Authors: Montes Marcela , Gleiser Raquel M.
Published: January 2024

Spider ballooning is a phenomenon in which spiders employ silk threads to travel through the air for dispersal. While this behaviour has been extensively studied in agricultural areas, limited research has been conducted in urban environments, where green spaces are highly fragmented. However, in cities, aerial dispersal can be advantageous for spiders as it allows them to move to suitable habitat patches. This study aimed to investigate how the urban landscape affects spider ballooning.

We collected ballooning spider samples using sticky traps in 10 urban sites within different landscape contexts. By using generalised linear models, we analysed the influence of vegetation cover at both local and landscape scales on spider abundance and family richness.

Family composition was similar across the city regardless of the landscape context.

More individuals were collected dispersing aerially in areas with low landscape‐level green cover. However, a higher local percentage of vegetation cover led to a substantial increase in aerial dispersal in areas with high landscape‐level green cover. Our findings highlight the significance of the interaction between vegetation cover at these two scales on aerial spider abundance.

Our results support the hypothesis that generalist spiders exhibit increased ballooning in highly fragmented landscapes, actively seeking suitable habitats despite the elevated associated risk. Higher aerial dispersal in areas with greater local vegetation cover suggests an increase in short‐distance dispersal, indicating spiders' active search for better habitats nearby upon arrival at a site with potentially greater habitat availability.
Effects of hydrological and spatial seasonality on taxonomic and functional diversity of fish assemblages in an Amazonian floodplain lake
Authors: de Oliveira Lima Severino Adriano , Andrade Humber Agrelli , Sousa Raniere Garcez Costa
Published: January 2024

The floodplain lakes of the Amazon constitute one of the most important aquatic systems in terms of fish biodiversity. These ecosystems are influenced by the flood pulse, which in turn, affects the behaviour of fish communities within this lake ecosystem. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the facets of taxonomic and functional diversity may be influenced by the conditions of ‘patches’ of internal habitats, considering the margins and central environments of a floodplain lake in the Amazon. Lake Cujubim, located on the right bank of the Madeira River, was evaluated via fisheries carried out in the high‐water and low‐water phases, during the day and night, and considering two location strata. The results suggest that the absence of significant differences in alpha taxonomic diversity between the two phases may be a possible seasonal mischaracterisation in Lake Cujubim attributed mainly to dam constructions along the Madeira River. Apparently, no major differences occur in the assembly of fish in terms of their taxonomic and functional characteristics, regardless of luminosity. In the strata of the locations, demonstrates noticeable habitat patches, with the margins being bioregions with high incidences of individuals of the Engraulidae family, confirmed by both taxonomic and functional diversity (alpha and beta). It can be seen that, even in connected lakes, there are differentiated metacommunities between the bioregions, thus forming patches of habitat, and that the shores of the lake, especially those located in proximity or distant from the river, are more suitable areas for food and refuge.
Spectral decomposition of resting state electroencephalogram reveals unique theta/alpha activity in schizophrenia
Authors: Nakhnikian Alexander , Oribe Naoya , Hirano Shogo , Fujishima Yuki , Hirano Yoji , Nestor Paul G. , Francis Grace A. , Levin Margaret , Spencer Kevin M.
Published: January 2024

Resting state electroencephalographic (EEG) activity in schizophrenia (SZ) is frequently characterised by increased power at slow frequencies and/or a reduction of peak alpha frequency. Here we investigated the nature of these effects. As most studies to date have been limited by reliance on a priori frequency bands which impose an assumed structure on the data, we performed a data‐driven analysis of resting EEG recorded in SZ patients and healthy controls (HC). The sample consisted of 39 chronic SZ and 36 matched HC. The EEG was recorded with a dense electrode array. Power spectral densities were decomposed via Varimax‐rotated principal component analysis (PCA) over all participants and for each group separately. Spectral PCA was repeated at the cortical level on cortical current source density computed from standardised low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography. There was a trend for power in the theta/alpha range to be increased in SZ compared to HC, and peak alpha frequency was significantly reduced in SZ. PCA revealed that this frequency shift was because of the presence of a spectral component in the theta/alpha range (6–9 Hz) that was unique to SZ. The source distribution of the SZ > HC theta/alpha effect involved mainly prefrontal and parahippocampal areas. Abnormal low frequency resting EEG activity in SZ was accounted for by a unique theta/alpha oscillation. Other reports have described a similar phenomenon suggesting that the neural circuits oscillating in this range are relevant to SZ pathophysiology.
Specific alterations of resting‐state functional connectivity in the triple network related to comorbid anxiety in major depressive disorder
Authors: Beckmann Fienne‐Elisa , Gruber Hanna , Seidenbecher Stephanie , Schirmer Saskia Thérèse , Metzger Coraline D. , Tozzi Leonardo , Frodl Thomas
Published: January 2024

The brain's default mode network (DMN) and the executive control network (ECN) switch engagement are influenced by the ventral attention network (VAN). Alterations in resting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC) within this so‐called triple network have been demonstrated in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) or anxiety disorders (ADs). This study investigated alterations in the RSFC in patients with comorbid MDD and ADs to better understand the pathophysiology of this prevalent group of patients. Sixty‐eight participants (52.9% male, mean age 35.3 years), consisting of 25 patients with comorbid MDD and ADs (MDD + AD), 20 patients with MDD only (MDD) and 23 healthy controls (HCs) were investigated clinically and with 3T resting‐state fMRI. RSFC utilizing a seed‐based approach within the three networks belonging to the triple network was compared between the groups. Compared with HC, MDD + AD showed significantly reduced RSFC between the ECN and the VAN, the DMN and the VAN and within the ECN. No differences could be found for the MDD group compared with both other groups. Furthermore, symptom severity and medication status did not affect RSFC values. The results of this study show a distinct set of alterations of RSFC for patients with comorbid MDD and AD compared with HCs. This set of dysfunctions might be related to less adequate switching between the DMN and the ECN as well as poorer functioning of the ECN. This might contribute to additional difficulties in engaging and utilizing consciously controlled emotional regulation strategies.
Molecular interplay between phytoconstituents of Ficus Racemosa and neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Rani Anu , Zia‐Ul‐Sabah  , Tabassum Fauzia , Sharma Arun K.
Published: January 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a significant global health concern, primarily affecting middle and older populations. Recently, there has been growing interest in herbal therapeutics as a potential approach to address diverse neuropathological conditions. Despite the widespread prevalence of NDs, limited phytochemical has been reported for their promising therapeutic potential with distinct underlying mechanisms. Additionally, the intricate molecular pathways influenced by herbal phytoconstituents, particularly in neurodegenerative disorders, are also not well documented. This report explores the phytoconstituents of Ficus racemosa (F. racemosa), an unfamiliar plant of the Moraceae family, for their potential interactions with pathological pathways of NDs. The influential phytoconstituents of F. racemosa, including polyphenols, glycosides, terpenoids, and furocoumarin, have been reported for targeting diverse pathological states. We proposed the most convincing molecular interplay between leading phytoconstituents and detrimental signalling cascades. However, extensive research is required to thoroughly understand the phytochemical persuaded intricate molecular pathway. The comprehensive evidence strongly suggests that F. racemosa and its natural compounds could be valuable in treating NDs. This points towards an exciting path for future research and the development of potential treatments based on a molecular level.
Computed tomography angiography in the diagnosis of brain death: Implementation and results in Germany
Authors: Hoffmann Olaf , Salih Farid , Masuhr Florian
Published: January 2024

Background

Computed tomography angiography (CTA) has been investigated as a confirmatory study (CS) for the diagnosis of brain death (BD). International consensus regarding its use, study parameters, and evaluation criteria is lacking. In the German BD guideline, a CTA protocol was first introduced in 2015.

Methods

The authors obtained a comprehensive dataset of all BD examinations in adults from the German organ procurement organization to investigate implementation, results, and impact of CTA on BD determination during the first 4 years.

Results

In 5152 patients with clinically absent brain function, 1272 CTA were reported by 676 hospitals. Use of CTA increased from 17.2% of patients in the first year to 29.7% in the final year. CTA replaced other CS such as electroencephalography without increasing overall CS frequency. Technical failure was rare (0.9%); 89.3% of studies were positive. Negative results (9.8%) were more frequent with secondary brain injury, longer duration of the clinical BD syndrome, or unreliable clinical assessment. Median time to diagnosis was longer with CTA (2.6 h) versus other CS (1.6 h). CTA had no differential impact on the rate of confirmed BD and did not improve access of small hospitals to CS for BD determination.

Conclusions

CTA expands the range of available CS for the diagnosis of BD in adults. Real‐world evidence from a large cohort confirms usability of the German CTA protocol within the guideline‐specified context.
Road‐traffic‐related air pollution contributes to skin barrier alteration and growth defect of sensory neurons
Authors: Le Gall‐Lanotto Christelle , Verdin Anthony , Cazier Fabrice , Bataille‐Savattier Adeline , Guéré Christelle , Dorr Marie M. , Fluhr Joachim W. , Courcot Dominique , Vié Katell , Misery Laurent
Published: January 2024

The effects of air pollution on health are gaining increasing research interest with limited data on skin alterations available. It was suggested that air pollution is a trigger factor for sensitive skin (SS). However, this data was based on surveys with a lack of experimental data. SS is related to altered skin nerve endings and cutaneous neurogenic inflammation. TTe present study was to assess the in vitro effect of particulate matter (PM) on epidermis and nerve ending homeostasis. PM samples were collected according to a validated protocol. Reconstructed human epidermis (RHE, Episkin®) was exposed to PM and subsequently the supernatants were transferred to a culture of PC12 cells differentiated into sensory neurons (SN). Cell viability, axonal growth and neuropeptide‐release were measured. The modulation of the expression of different inflammatory, keratinocytes differentiation and neurites growth markers was assessed. PM samples contained a high proportion of particles with a size below 1 μm and a complex chemical composition. Transcriptomic and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that PM altered keratinocytes terminal differentiation and induced an inflammatory response. While viability and functionality of the SN were not modified, their outgrowth was significantly decreased after incubation with PM‐exposed Episkin® supernatants. This was closely related to the modification of nerve growth factor/semaphorin 3A balance. This study showed that air pollutants have negative effects on keratinocytes and sensory nerve endings including inflammatory responses. These effects are probably involved in the SS pathophysiology and might be involved in inflammatory skin disorders.
Can financial uncertainty forecast aggregate stock market returns?
Authors: Henry Ólan , Kerestecioglu Semih , Pybis Sam
Published: January 2024

We investigate the role of financial uncertainty in forecasting aggregate stock market returns. Our results suggest that financial uncertainty, along with its change, are more powerful predictors of excess US monthly stock market returns than 14 macroeconomic predictors commonly used in the literature. Financial uncertainty is shown to outperform short interest, which has been suggested to be the strongest known predictor of the equity risk premium. These results persist using robust econometric methods in‐sample, and when forecasting out‐of‐sample.
Bullous pemphigoid and diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jiirasutat Nuttapatch , Pongchareon Padcha , Weschawalit Sinee
Published: January 2024

We aimed to systematically review and meta‐analyze the association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and bullous pemphigoid (BP). Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is a prevalent autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease. Comorbid health conditions like neurological diseases and malignancies have been associated with BP. Growing evidence suggests that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may increase the risk of developing BP. This review aims to synthesize this evidence. A systematic literature review was performed using Medline, PubMed, and Scopus in March 2022. Studies exploring the association between BP and DM were included. Data were extracted, and quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Meta‐analysis was conducted to identify the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the association. Seventeen studies were included, most being case–control studies from Europe and Asia. The pooled OR was 2.06 (95% CI: 1.61–2.62), suggesting a significant association between DM and BP. However, strong heterogeneity (I2 = 88%) was observed. Evidence consolidates a significant relationship between DM and BP, potentially due to alterations in the immune system and skin properties caused by diabetes. Strengths of this review include a comprehensive search, rigorous methodology, large sample size, and heterogeneity evaluation. However, varying study quality, potential publication bias, and unaccounted confounding factors present limitations. There is a potential link between T2DM and an increased risk of BP. Further studies are required to understand this association and the underlying mechanisms.
Macroscopic tumor dimension, sentinel lymph node outcome, and survival analysis among cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Asato Marcel A. , Moraes‐Neto Francisco A. , Moraes Marcelo Padovani de Toledo , Ocanha‐Xavier Juliana P. , Alencar Marques Mariangela Esther , Xavier‐Junior Jose Candido C.
Published: January 2024

Background

Cutaneous melanoma is characterized by a high risk of metastasis to distant organs and a substantial mortality rate. For planning treatment and assessing outcomes, the Breslow micrometric measurement is critical. The tumor macroscopic dimension is not considered a prognostic parameter in cutaneous melanoma, although there are studies showing that tumor size is an independent prognostic factor for melanoma‐specific survival. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the macroscopic dimension of melanoma and other known prognostic factors (i.e., Breslow index, mitoses, regression, and ulceration) as predictors of sentinel lymph node outcome and survival outcome.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cross‐sectional study of 227 melanoma lesions subjected to sentinel lymph node biopsy at two Brazilian referral centers.

Results

On univariate analysis, there was a statistically significant correlation between the largest macroscopic tumor dimension and the sentinel lymph node result (P = 0.001); however, on multivariate analysis considering all evaluated parameters, there was no significant difference between the sentinel lymph node result and the tumor macroscopic dimension (P = 0.2689). Regarding melanoma‐specific survival, the macroscopic dimension showed no significant correlation (P = 0.4632) in contrast to Breslow's dimension (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion

The Breslow thickness was the only significant factor related to both the sentinel lymph node outcome and melanoma specific survival among the evaluated variables.
Defatted tigernut flour as a novel substitute for wheat flour: impact on physicochemical and rheological properties during frozen dough storage
Authors: Wu Zhong‐Wei , Cui Xin‐Yu , Wei Yang‐Yang , Liu Hua‐Min , Cai Xiao‐Shuang , Ma Yu‐Xiang , Wang Xue‐De
Published: January 2024

This study analysed the impact of adding different amounts (5–25%) of defatted tigernut flour (DTF) to frozen wheat dough at different freezing periods. The chemical composition and freeze–thaw stability of the composite flour, as well as the physicochemical properties (e.g., textural, tensile, and rheological properties) of the dough after being frozen, were assessed. It was found that the addition of DTF enhanced the nutritional value of the dough and improved quality characteristics such as texture and tensile properties of the dough after it had been frozen and thawed. With increasing DTF, the content of dietary fibre (8.69–9.63%) and ash (0.54–1.05%) increased significantly, but the content of starch (58.56–54.96%) and protein (11.03–10.35%) decreased as compared to that of wheat flour alone. The thermal and freeze–thaw stability of composite flour was greatly improved with increasing amounts of DTF, and the retrogradation of the dough was delayed. DTF (5–15%) proportionately delayed deterioration of springiness and retarded hardening of the frozen dough. In addition, the extensibility of the frozen dough was significantly increased by adding 10–25% DTF. The results suggest that DTF has the potential to positively influence the quality of frozen wheat dough, while at the same time increasing the high‐value utilisation of tigernut.
Multiple risk factors for unplanned readmissions within 1 month of hospital discharge in acute care hospitals in Japan
Authors: Tomita Masako , Murata Kanako , Suzuki Hiroko , Osaki Chieko , Matuki Eri , Komatuzaki Kiiko , Ishihara Yukie , Yoshihara Shoko , Sakai Shima
Published: January 2024

Aim

The aim of this study is to analyse the risk factors for unplanned readmissions within 1 month after hospital discharge to develop a seamless support system from discharge to home care.

Background

With shorter hospital stay lengths, understanding the characteristics of patients with multiple risk factors is important to prevent rehospitalization.

Design

This is a single‐centre retrospective descriptive study.

Methods

Logistic regression and decision tree analyses were performed using eight items from the records of 3117 patients discharged from a university hospital between April–September 2017 as risk factors.

Results

Unplanned readmission risk was significantly associated with emergency hospitalization (odds ratio [OR]: 3.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.04–4.77), malignancy (OR: 2.16, 95% CI: 1.44–3.24), non‐surgical admission (OR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.07–2.88), hospital stay of ≥ 15 days (OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.14–2.43) and decline in activities of daily living owing to hospitalization (OR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.06–2.64). The highest risk combinations for rehospitalization were as follows: emergency hospitalization and malignancy; emergency admission, non‐malignancy and a hospital stay of ≥15 days; and scheduled hospitalization, no surgery and a hospital stay of ≥15 days.

Conclusions

Patients with multiple risks for unplanned readmission should be accurately screened and provided with optimal home care.
Liposomal delivery of self‐peptide and calcitriol as tolerogenic immunotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis: an exploration using sensory science
Authors: Hee Jia Yi , Cai Benjamin , Thomas Ranjeny
Published: January 2024

Immunology research holds significant potential for enhanced inclusivity at the beginning of the science literacy journey, but persistent challenges stem from limited awareness that improvement is needed in this field. At the 2023 Monash Sensory Science Exhibition, we had the opportunity to present several tactile posters, using simple materials, for visually impaired participants to showcase our research on the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis as a result of immune tolerance breakdown and liposome‐based tolerogenic immunotherapy. The posters stimulated lively discussions about autoimmune arthritic diseases and our research. With consideration of the diversity of the participants, the efforts of scientists in promoting science literacy for the community can promote a more inclusive environment and engage and inspire a broader audience.
Comparing apples to manzanas and oranges to naranjas: A new measure of English‐Spanish vocabulary for dual language learners
Authors: Tamis‐LeMonda Catherine S. , Kachergis George , Masek Lillian R. , Gonzalez Sandy L. , Soska Kasey C. , Herzberg Orit , Xu Melody , Adolph Karen E. , Gilmore Rick O. , Bornstein Marc H. , Casasola Marianella , Fausey Caitlin M. , Frank Michael C. , Goldin‐Meadow Susan , Gros‐Louis Julie , Hirsh‐Pasek Kathy , Iverson Jana , Lew‐Williams Casey , MacWhinney Brian , Marchman Virginia A. , Naigles Letitia , Namy Laura , Perry Lynn K. , Rowe Meredith , Sheya Adam , Soderstrom Melanie , Song Lulu , Walle Eric , Warlaumont Anne S. , Yoshida Hanako , Yu Chen , Yurovsky Dan
Published: January 2024

The valid assessment of vocabulary development in dual‐language‐learning infants is critical to developmental science. We developed the Dual Language Learners English‐Spanish (DLL‐ES) Inventories to measure vocabularies of U.S. English‐Spanish DLLs. The inventories provide translation equivalents for all Spanish and English items on Communicative Development Inventory (CDI) short forms; extended inventories based on CDI long forms; and Spanish language‐variety options. Item‐Response Theory analyses applied to Wordbank and Web‐CDI data (n = 2603, 12–18 months; n = 6722, 16–36 months; half female; 1% Asian, 3% Black, 2% Hispanic, 30% White, 64% unknown) showed near‐perfect associations between DLL‐ES and CDI long‐form scores. Interviews with 10 Hispanic mothers of 18‐ to 24‐month‐olds (2 White, 1 Black, 7 multi‐racial; 6 female) provide a proof of concept for the value of the DLL‐ES for assessing the vocabularies of DLLs.
Collaborative leadership and productive work performance: The mediating role of nurses' innovative behavior
Authors: Abdelwahab Ibrahim El‐Sayed Ahmed , Shaheen Rabab Saleh , Farghaly Abdelaliem Sally Mohammed
Published: January 2024

Aim

This study aims to explore the relationship between collaborative leadership and nurses' productive work performance as well as the mediating role of nurses' innovative behavior in this relationship.

Background

Collaborative leadership is an imperative necessity in the contemporary turbulent healthcare environment as it provides a collaborative atmosphere where innovative behavior and productive performance of nurses are fostered, hence moving healthcare organizations toward competitiveness and sustainability.

Method

A cross‐sectional descriptive correlational exploratory research design was used to conduct the study. Data were collected from 550 nurses recruited from three large university hospitals in Alexandria, Egypt, using three instruments, namely, interprofessional collaborative leadership in healthcare teams scale, productive work performance questionnaire, and innovative behavior inventory. The instruments of the study are Likert‐type questionnaires through which nurses' perspectives regarding study variables were investigated. We used descriptive statistics, inferential statistics as well as structured equation modeling (SEM).

Results

SEM revealed that collaborative leadership accounted for 83% of the variance of individual productive work performance and 77% of the variance of nurses’ innovative behavior. Moreover, nurses' innovative behavior partially mediates the relationship between collaborative leadership and their productive work performance.

Conclusion

Collaborative leadership practices are powerful strategies to enhance the innovative behavior of nurses and sustain their productive work performance.

Implications for nursing and health policy

Fostering a collaborative atmosphere in workplace is mandatory for nurses' innovativeness. Replacing hierarchal leadership styles with collaborative ones is a promising strategy to enhance the productive performance of nurses. Healthcare managers and leaders could cultivate an interprofessional collaborative culture in the workplace in order to sustain productivity and eradicate counterproductive work behaviors among healthcare providers.