bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah terhadap Kemampuan Siswa dalam Menulis Teks Drama pada Siswa Kelas VIII MTS As`ad Olak Kemang Kota Jambi
Authors: Fahrozi Fahrozi , B Herman , Nurfadillah Nurfadillah
Published: June 2024

This research aims to determine the effect of the problem-based learning model on students' ability to write drama texts for class VIII students at MTS As'ad Olak Kemang, Jambi City. This research uses quantitative methods with experimental methods. The sampling technique for this research used class random sampling technique. The learning model used in learning is a problem-based learning model. The problem-based learning model is one of the models used in the 2013 curriculum. This learning model is student-centered. According to Albanese in Muis (2019:15) the problem-based learning model is an activity in the learning process that is able to develop students' knowledge and skills in solving a problem based on a real problem. This learning model encourages students to be more active in the learning process, so that this goal is achieved, students will be presented with a real problem to be solved, this requires thinking abilities and skills in solving a problem. Drama is a work of art, Suharianto (1982:68-69) said that drama is an art whose work is based on human life and its diversity. Using a problem-based learning model that is based on real problems to be solved will be a good way to develop students' abilities in writing drama texts.
Understanding mediation as an out-of-judicial procedure for the settlement of civil-legal and labor disputes
Authors: Mahnovskyi I.
Published: June 2024

Purpose. The purpose of the work is to analyze the understanding of mediation as a special out-of-court procedure for the settlement of civil and labor disputes. Methodology. The methodology includes a comprehensive analysis and generalization of the available scientific and theoretical material and the formulation of relevant conclusions and recommendations. The following methods of scientific reseach have been implemented: terminological, logical-semantic, functional, system-structural, logical-normative. Results. In the research process, it was recognized that among the practice of dissemination, which is demanded by time, effective tools based on safe reconciliation and mutually beneficial agreement, which are distinguished by their flexibility, extrajudicial, independent, alternative ways of settling civil and labor disputes and conflicts, in the domestic legal mechanism of ensuring human rights, mediation is becoming more and more widespread. The formation, adaptation and development of mediation in Ukraine are accompanied by national character and features, which will contribute, taking into account the standards in this field of foreign experience, to the development of appropriate professional approaches and competencies for the effectiveness of the legal regulation of the procedure for its application. Originality. In the process of research, based on the generalization of positive experience, the importance and effectiveness of mediation as a special out-of-court settlement procedure based on peaceful resolution and ag-reement of civil and labor disputes has been proven. Practical significance. The results of the research can be used in law-making and law-enforcement activities during the development of proposals for improving the legal mechanism of the out-of-court procedure for the settlement of civil and labor disputes.
Implementation of criminal law policy of Ukraine under martial law: a study of negative trends
Authors: Pysmenskyy Yevhen
Published: June 2024

Purpose. The objective of the article is to identify and provide a scholarly review of the main negative trends in the implementation of Ukraine's criminal law policy under martial law (since the beginning of the full-scale invasion of Ukraine by Russian troops). Methodology. The research methodology used is aimed at identifying the main negative trends in the implementation of Ukraine's criminal law policy under martial law. It is carried out on the basis of academic monitoring of the process of law enforcement in the field of criminal justice and the generalization of available research data on this issue. The study used the general methods of scientific cognition: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, abstraction, and generalization. Results. The following negative features are identified that are inherent in the process of implementing Ukraine's criminal law policy in the context of a high-intensity war: erroneous and/or unequal application of criminal law norms that are flawed; inability to interpret the Criminal Code of Ukraine using all the appropriate methods; inability (unwillingness) to establish the correlation between the literal legal text and the true meaning of legal norms; attempts to use criminal law to play along with the prevailing moods in society (which are characterized by repressiveness given the conditions of an aggressive war); focusing on formal indicators in combating crime with concentration of efforts on simple cases. Originality. As a result of the study, new scholarly knowledge has been gained about the main negative characteristics of the implementation of criminal law policy in Ukraine under martial law. Practical significance. The conclusions and proposals formulated in the article can be used in research as a basis for empirical study of law enforcement as well as in lawmaking to improve criminal legislation in Ukraine.
Comparing jet-shaped point symmetry in cluster cooling flows and supernovae
Authors: Soker Noam
Published: June 2024

I point out similarities between point-symmetric X-ray morphologies in cooling flow groups and clusters of galaxies, which are observed to be shaped by jets, and point-symmetric morphologies of eight core-collapse supernova (CCSN) remnants. I identify these similarities by qualitative eye inspection of multiwavelength images. I use these similarities to strengthen the jittering jet explosion mechanism (JJEM) of CCSNe, which predicts that the last pairs of jets to be launched by the newly born neutron star might shape some CCSN remnants to point-symmetric morphology. The point-symmetric morphologies in both types of objects are composed of two or more pairs of opposite bubbles (cavities), nozzles, some clumps, small protrusions (termed ears), and rims. The typically large volume of a CCSN remnant shaped by jets implies that the shaping jets carry an energy comparable to that of the ejecta, which in turn implies that jets exploded the remnant’s massive star progenitor. The morphological similarities studied here add to the similarity of CCSN remnants, not only point-symmetric ones, to planetary nebulae shaped by jets. Together, these similarities solidify the JJEM as the main explosion mechanism of CCSNe. I consider the identification of point-symmetry in CCSNe, as expected by jet-shaping in the JJEM, to be the most severe challenge to the competing neutrino-driven explosion mechanism. I reiterate my earlier claim, but in a more vocal voice, that the main explosion mechanism of CCSNe is the JJEM.
Trabalho, tecnologia e ideologia em Álvaro Vieira Pinto
Authors: Antonio Marcondes dos Santos Pereira
Published: June 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo principal discutir o tema: trabalho, tecnologia e ideologia em Álvaro Vieira Pinto. Buscamos nesse sentido, apresentar uma reflexão teórica à luz das ideias do filósofo brasileiro sobretudo em seu livro “O conceito de tecnologia”. Sendo assim, entendemos que pelo trabalho o homem constrói sua própria realidade. Ele é o modo próprio de ser dos homens no mundo. Nesse sentido, todo ato concreto de trabalho pressupõe uma interação prática com a natureza. Relação esta que tem como unidade fundamental a subjetividade e a objetividade, o pensamento e a realidade. A tecnologia constitui uma expressão dessa capacidade humana socialmente desenvolvida de criar o novo mediante o trabalho. Desse modo, com base nas ideias do autor podemos entender que os animais inferiores não são capazes de produzir, pois a natureza produz para eles o necessário para sobreviverem. De outra maneira, no homem, não há mais a influência direta da natureza. O desenvolvimento intrínseco de suas peculiaridades fisiológicas e intelectivas lhe possibilitou resolver por si mesmo as contradições com o meio natural. Com plena capacidade de refletir em forma de “ideias abstratas” e “universais” o reflexo da realidade, conseguiu exercer a direção da produção dos meios para superar as dificuldades.
Palavras-chave: Trabalho; Tecnologia; ideologia; Realidade
Éppen elég : a szlovák nemzeti galéria épületegyüttesének rekonstrukciója és bővítése - Pozsony
Authors: Dombrovszky Zsófia , Kemes Balázs
Published: June 2024

Pozsonyban tavaly év elején nyitotta meg kapuit a Szlovák Nemzeti Galéria háztömb méretű Duna-parti épületegyüttese, a közel két évtizedig zajló, teljes körű rekonstrukciót követően. Az elmúlt évek egyik legösszetettebb, bő kétszáz évet és a barokktól a brutalizmusig számtalan stíluskorszakot felölelő, mindazokat megújító projekt munkálatainak során mindvégig igyekeztek legalább egy kis részét nyitva hagyni a nagyközönség számára, és a terek ismételt belakása is a fokozatosság elvén zajlott. Az élet mostanra, egy évvel a nyitást követően veszi igazán birtokba a régi-új tereket. A majd két évtizeden át zajló projekt a Mies van der Rohe-díj (2023) shortlistjére került, és elnyerte a Szlovák Építész Kamara CE ZA AR nagydíját.
Jännitteinen maaperä
Authors: Kokko Anna Kristiina , Kaivosaari Annu
Published: June 2024

Ilmastonmuutos sekä luonto- ja lajikato ovat nousseet merkittäviksi eri tutkimusaloja yhdistäviksi keskustelunaiheiksi. Yksi keskeinen tutkijoita yhdistävä kysymys on ollut antroposeeni eli ihmisen aika ja sen rooli niin ilmastokriisin syntymisessä kuin sen purkamisessakin. Tässä temaattisessa kirjallisuuskatsauksessa aloitamme siitä, että kokonaisvaltaisen ja monitieteisen luonto- ja ympäristökasvatuksen toteuttaminen formaaleissa kasvatusinstituutioissa vaatii huomion kääntämisen myös oppiaineiden, tässä tapauksessa liikuntakasvatuksen epistemologisiin perusteisiin. Tavoitteenamme on yksittäisten tutkimustulosten integroinnin kautta saavuttaa syvempi ymmärrys liikuntakasvatuksen ja sen epistemologisten lähtökohtien yhteydestä joihinkin antroposeenin kysymyksiin. Toteutimme aineiston valintaprosessin PRISMA-protokollaa hyödyntäen. Analysoimme proseduurista valikoituneet artikkelit soveltamalla temaattista analyysia ja maaperän käsitettä. Analyysimme nosti esiin neljä maaperässä syntyvää ja toimivaa jännitettä, jotka kietovat yhteen erilaisia liikunta- ja ympäristökasvatuksen näkökulmia ja teorioita, valtioiden geopoliittisia, historiallisia ja kulttuurisia virtauksia sekä paikallista toimintaa. Tämän tarkastelun kautta voidaan paremmin ymmärtää antroposeenin ajassa toimivaa formaalia liikuntakasvatusta sekä viitoittaa mahdollisia tulevaisuuden tutkimuslinjoja.
Taide kouluympäristössä 2010-luvulla - Pragmatistinen tutkimus julkisesta taiteesta ja kuvataideopetuksesta
Authors: Myllyntaus Oona
Published: June 2024

Lectio praecursoria kasvatustieteen väitöskirjaan Julkinen taide 2010-luvun koulujen ja oppilaitosten oppimisympäristöissä: hankinnan, kohtaamisen ja opetuskäytön näkökulmia, Helsingin yliopistossa 20.12.2023.
Piste
Authors: Pettersson Henri , Huhtala Hanna-Maija
Published: June 2024

Pääkirjoitus numeroon 2/2024.
Peningkatan Keterampilan Menulis Teks Pidato melalui Model Problem Based Learning Untuk Siswa Kelas VI SDN Cengkareng Timur 15 Pagi Jakarta
Authors: Hawa Aulia Fikra , Fatonah Khusnul
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya keterampilan siswa dalam menulis teks pidato dengan baik dan benar khususnya pada siswa kelas VI SDN Cengkareng Timur 15 Pagi Jakarta. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan keterampilan menulis teks pidato melalui model Problem Based Learning pada siswa kelas VI B SDN Cengkareng Timur 15 Pagi Jakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilakukan secara kolaboratif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus, setiap siklus terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan observasi. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, tes, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis observasi kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model Problem Based Learning dapat meningkatkan keterampilan menulis pidato siswa kelas VI SDN Cengkareng Timur 15 Pagi Jakarta. Hasil siklus I dijelaskan rata-rata persentase aktivitas guru sebesar 89,05%. Sedangkan hasil observasi siklus II menjelaskan rata-rata persentase aktivitas guru sebesar 95,31%. Kemudian persentase aktivitas siswa sebesar 92,18%. Kemudian pada siklus I hasil tes keterampilan menulis pidato memperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 62,50 dengan persentase ketuntasan siswa sebesar 60%. Kemudian peningkatan hasil tes keterampilan menulis pidato pada siklus II memperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 76,61 dengan persentase ketuntasan siswa sebesar 80%.
Comparison of Antioxidant Activity and Chemical Profile between Green Tea Kombucha with Green Tea and Rosela Combination Kombucha
Authors: Tunjungsari Gerda Pintoko , Fikroh Retno Aliyatul
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the antioxidant potential and chemical profile of kombucha made from green tea leaves and roselle flowers, analyzing pH, alcohol content, and the impact of fermentation time. Kombucha was prepared with green tea and a 1:1 mixture of green tea and roselle, with samples analyzed on days 1, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 24. Antioxidant activity, pH, and alcohol content were measured, and statistical analyses including one-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD, and Spearman correlation tests were conducted. Results indicated that the combination kombucha exhibited higher antioxidant activity (96.39% DPPH inhibition) compared to green tea kombucha (79.62%). There was no significant difference in pH and alcohol content between the two types (p > 0.05). A strong negative correlation was found between pH and fermentation time (-0.589, p < 0.001) and pH and alcohol content (-0.571, p < 0.001), while a strong positive correlation was observed between % inhibition and fermentation time (0.637, p < 0.001). The findings suggest that combining green tea and roselle enhances antioxidant activity in kombucha, and fermentation time significantly affects antioxidant activity, pH, and alcohol content.
Foreign Direct Investment and Nigerian Macroeconomy
Authors: Chete Louis N , Olanrele Iyabo , Angahar Jacob Sesugh
Published: June 2024

The study examines the effects of macroeconomic variables on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflow from 1981 to 2022. Different from existing studies, this study also captures the effect of regime shift on FDI inflow to Nigeria, which enabled us to capture the role of political system in crowding-in FDI. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was adopted to show the long-run relationships and dynamic interactions between FDI and the macroeconomic variables. The estimated long-run and short-run coefficients for FDI models revealed that inflation rate and the degree of openness of the economy are significant factors inducing FDI inflow to Nigeria. The GDP growth rate and non-oil export also positively affect FDI inflows in the long run. However, they are not statistically significant. The key policy variables, exchange rate and monetary policy rate, have significant effect on FDI inflows to Nigeria. The estimated results show that exchange rate depreciation causes an increase in foreign direct investment inflows. This is in accord with the real wage channel theory which states that currency depreciation reduces the country’s wages and production costs relative to those of its foreign counterparts. The study recommended that exchange rate stability is very crucial for attracting FDI flows to Nigeria; Government should reduce the monetary policy rate which is presently considered too high and adversely impinging on FDI inflows; while intensifying the war against corruption in all forms and at all levels.
Primary School Teachers’ Conceptions of Social and Emotional Learning for Students in Vietnam
Authors: Dung Do Thi , Lan Le Thi , Pereira Adrian Estrela
Published: June 2024

This study explores primary school teachers’ conceptions of social and emotional learning in Vietnam. The study is the first part of a grounded theory research on teachers’ perspectives and understanding of social and emotional learning. Thirteen primary school teachers in public schools representing three different school settings are recruited as participants during purposeful and theoretical sampling. The primary data collection method is intensive semi-structured interviews. With 17 meeting times during more than 20 hours of interviewing, the study reaches saturation, and a substantive theory is generated as the finding of the grounded theory research. The present study reports the first out of four parts of the research. The findings indicate that social and emotional learning is a part of life skill education in Vietnam and includes five elements: Self-awareness, Empathy, Emotional management, Cooperation, and Problem-solving skills. The study facilitates a foundation to investigate teachers’ perspectives on the significance and implementation of social and emotional learning in Vietnam.
PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN KOSA KATA BAHASA ARAB (MUFRODAT) DI PONDOK MODERN DARUSSALAM GONTOR (APPLICATION OF ARABIC VOCABULARY LEARNING (MUFRODAT) AT MODERN PONDOK DARUSSALAM GONTOR)
Authors: Fitriani Ismatul Hidayah , Hilmi Annafik Fuad
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTThis study aims to describe how the application of learning Arabic vocabulary with several methods as well as evaluating the learning methods implemented. This type of research is descriptive qualitative with observation and documentation techniques. At the observation stage, the author observed the activities of the management of the language section of the Modern Gontor Islamic Boarding School in implementing the Arabic language program. The object under study is in the form of several methods that are taught to apply learning such as Ilqo mufrodat, Muhadatsah, Insya', and ghina' Araby. In its application several methods have shown significantly increased results. Especially active speaking skills. As for the evaluation, the cooperation between teachers and administrators of the language section is passive, so that the majority still underestimate teaching this language..Keywords: Vocabulary, Method, Arabic.ABSTRAK            Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk medeskripsikan bagaimana penerapan pembelajaran kosakata bahasa arab dengan beberapa metode serta evaluasi tentang metode pembelajaran yang dilaksanakan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan dengan teknik observasi dan dokumentasi. Pada tahap observasi, penulis mengobservasi kegiatan pengurus bagian kebahasaan pondok pesantren modern gontor dalam menerapkan program bahasa Arab. Adapun ini objek yang diteliti berupa beberapa metode yang diajarkan untuk menerapkan pembelajaran seperti Ilqo mufrodat, Muhadatsah, Insya’, dan ghina’ Araby. Dalam penerapannya beberapa metode telah menujukkan hasil meningkat secara signifikan. Terutama keterampilan berbicara yang aktif. Adapun evaluasinya kerjasama antar pengajar dan pengurus bagian bahasa yang pasif, sehingga mayoritas masih memandang remeh pengajaran bahasa ini.
PENGGUNAAN BAHASA KLISE DALAM IKLAN: PERSEPSI DAN EFEKTIVITAS KONSUMEN
Authors: Hamizar Arizal
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis research aims to examine consumers' perceptions of the use of cliché language in advertising and the effectiveness of such language. The study employs a qualitative approach with a case study design, focused on respondents who have seen advertisements using cliché language. Purposive sampling technique was used to select relevant and representative respondents. The researcher conducted in-depth interviews with the respondents and observed their reactions to advertisements using cliché language. The results indicate that advertisements using cliché language tend to be more memorable to consumers. However, the effectiveness of using cliché language in advertising depends on the context of the advertisement and the suitability of the cliché language with the product being offered. Consumers' views on the use of cliché language in advertising can be influenced by psychological and social factors, such as creativity and originality of the advertisement. In this regard, it is important for marketers to pay attention to the brand image and message they wish to convey in their advertisements. Marketers can avoid the use of cliché language considered uncreative by developing more unique and original messages. The use of more creative and engaging language, such as metaphors or analogies, in advertising can enhance consumers' interest and attention to the advertisement and product.Keywords: Advertising, Cliche Language, Consumer Perceptions, Marketing Strategy. AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji persepsi konsumen terhadap penggunaan bahasa cliché dalam iklan serta efektivitas penggunaan bahasa tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis studi kasus, yang difokuskan pada responden yang pernah melihat iklan yang menggunakan bahasa cliché. Teknik purposive sampling digunakan untuk memilih responden yang relevan dan representatif. Peneliti melakukan wawancara mendalam dengan responden dan observasi untuk mengamati bagaimana responden bereaksi terhadap iklan dengan penggunaan bahasa cliché. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa iklan yang menggunakan bahasa cliché cenderung lebih mudah diingat oleh konsumen. Namun, efektivitas penggunaan bahasa cliché dalam iklan sangat tergantung pada konteks iklan tersebut dan kesesuaian bahasa cliché dengan produk yang ditawarkan. Pandangan konsumen terhadap penggunaan bahasa cliché dalam iklan dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor psikologis dan sosial, seperti kreativitas dan orisinalitas iklan. Dalam hal ini, penting bagi pemasar untuk memperhatikan citra merek dan pesan yang ingin disampaikan dalam iklan. Pemasar dapat menghindari penggunaan bahasa cliché yang dianggap tidak kreatif dengan mengembangkan pesan yang lebih unik dan orisinal. Penggunaan bahasa yang lebih kreatif dan menarik seperti penggunaan metafora atau analogi dalam iklan dapat meningkatkan minat dan perhatian konsumen terhadap iklan dan produk.Kata Kunci: Advertising, Bahasa Cliche, Persepsi Konsumen, Strategi Pemasaran.
VITALITAS DAN SUBORDINASI BAHASA DAERAH DI MALUKU
Authors: Amir Israwati , Mustava Irvan , Sari Nurindah Purnama , Nurhikmah Nurhikmah , Rahim Abd
Published: June 2024

bertujuan mendeskripsikan vitalitas dan subordinasi bahasa daerah di Provinsi Maluku. Penelitian ini ialah kualitatif dengan jenis data berupa teks, tuturan verbal, dan data angket. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelusuran pustaka, interviu, dan pengisian angket sebagai teknik pengumpulan data. Subjek penelitian ini penutur bahasa daerah di Maluku dari 9 Kabupaten/kota, yaitu Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat, Seram Bagian Timur, Kabupaten Maluku Tengah, Kota Ambon, Kota Tual, Kabupaten Buru Selatan, Kabupaten Maluku Tenggara, Maluku Barat Daya, dan Kabupaten Buru. Jumlah responden 75 orang, perempuan 63 dan 12 laki-laki dengan rentang usia <25 tahun, 25–40 tahun, dan >40 tahun. Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan ada 14 bahasa daerah yang mengalami kemunduran, ada 13 bahasa sangat terancam, ada 9 bahasa terancam punah, dan bahasa daerah yang punah ada 4. Berdasarkan 9 indikator vitalitas bahasa disimpulkan bahwa bahasa daerah mengalami ancaman kepunahan disebabkan jumlah penutur bahasa daerah mengalami penurunan, loyalitas penutur bahasa daerah yang rendah, dan penggunaan bahasa melayu Ambon dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Penggunaan bahasa melayu Ambon oleh penutur bahasa daerah di Maluku menunjukkan subordinasi dan dominasi bahasa melayu Ambon atas bahasa daerah.
Metabolic Syndrome and Risk of Early Heart Failure Rehospitalization in Older Adults: A Sex-Specific Analysis and Update
Authors: Sue-Ling Carolyn B , Sue-Ling Keith
Published: June 2024

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and heart failure (HF) remain important global health issues affecting young and older adults, independently contributing to HF hospitalizations and early rehospitalizations. Understanding sex-specific differences in HF research and accurately identifying risk of rehospitalization in patients with HF remains important for clinical decision making and management. We recently conducted a literature review and retrospective analysis of data specifically focusing on predictors of the 31 to 60-day HF rehospitalization timeframe among older women, as well as derivation of a conceptual model. Our review confirmed that the influence of risk predictors such as sex-based disparities, risk factor profiles, and therapeutic interventions on early (< 60-day) HF rehospitalization remain inconsistent and challenging. The presence of risk predictors predates the clinical event and further understanding is warranted given the prevalence and potentially serious consequences of the MetS and recurrent HF rehospitalizations. In this mini-review, we examined recent published data that address MetS and sex-specific differences within the context of HF rehospitalization, and determined contributions from machine-learning approaches.
Git and GitHub for Authors
Authors: Coker Tim
Published: June 2024

A guide to using Git and Github to manage source material, particularly for papers, publications and articles written with LaTex. Benefits of using Git in this way include: Source material can be written in an incremental but controlled way, keeping track of changes and version information. It facilitates the collaboration of more than one author. For this application using Git/GitHub provides a more sophisticated method to alternatives such as Google Docs. For authors using LaTex – because of it’s sophistication – other than file backup software there is no obvious solution to the need for revision control, archiving and so on. It provides a means for Authors to periodically archive and/or back up their material. It provides a means to access older versions of a document, particularly if it has been updated significantly. In some cases it can be used to demonstrate priority and/or copyright ownership.
Redeveloping Unused Historical Sites in Major Urban Centers
Authors: Bickley Zachary
Published: June 2024

In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, the downtowns of many major North American cities are still left with scars. As a result of more people working from home, shopping online, and spending time indoors, thousands of vacant office spaces, shops, and lots now sit in urban centers. Additionally, the inflation of essential goods due to COVID-19 has made it imperative that cities offer more affordable food options, especially in heavily urbanized areas. These prices have been further impacted by the cost of transporting farm produce from rural areas, causing such produce to be much more expensive than in rural areas. As a result, urban farming has recently gained appeal as a feasible method for urban food production. To address the difficulties of limited arable land in a dense urban center, this paper proposes the repurposing of a historical building in downtown Chicago. A vertical farm will be developed in the space as an integral part of the community rather than just an area to grow plants. Ultimately, the design will look to expand the capacity for urbanization and allow for the growth of locally produced fresh produce. In its redevelopment, the design takes into consideration sustainability, the challenges of repurposing a historic structure, and the possible economic, social, and environmental effects of this renewal project.
Migratory connectivity of Blue-winged Teal: risk implications for avian influenza virus introduction to Cuba
Authors: Rodríguez-Ochoa Alejandro , Kusack Jackson W. , Mugica Lourdes , Cruz Martín Acosta , Alfonso Pastor , Delgado-Hernández Beatriz , Abreu Yandy , García Efren , Hobson Keith A.
Published: June 2024

In recent years, the complex evolution of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) situation reflects a change in the eco-epidemiology of the causative agent which, among other demands, renews the need for better understanding of the connectivity between countries through the main virus reservoirs to improve prevention, early warning and mitigate the associated risks. Our objective was to determine migratory connectivity of Blue-winged Teal and evaluate the risk of AIV introduction to Cuba by this species. The stable hydrogen isotope (δ2H) value in flight feathers was analyzed. Individuals were sampled during the migratory season of 2021 (N=126) and winter residence of 2020 (N=152), in western and central Cuba, respectively. Based on banding records from 1955 to 2018, the transition probabilities from 3 breeding areas in North America to 9 wintering areas was estimated with a Burnham’s live-recapture dead-recovery modeling framework. A map of likely origin in North America of the individuals sampled for each season was generated, combining the isotopic information and transition probabilities. Evidence of an age-related and phenological pattern in migratory origins was identified. Individuals harvested in the migratory season in western Cuba were most likely from molt or natal areas in the prairies and forest regions from United States and southern Canada. Alternatively, individuals harvested in winter in the center of Cuba had the most likely origin in the U.S. prairie region. The spatial-temporal pattern of AIV prevalence in the estimated region was analyzed and suggestions are made to assist the Cuban system of active AIV surveillance of wild birds.
Aneuploidy underlies brefeldin A-induced antifungal drug resistance in Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Zhang Zhi-hui , Sun Liu-liu , Fu Bu-qing , Deng Jie , Jia Cheng-lin , Miao Ming-xing , Yang Feng , Cao Yong-bing , Yan Tian-hua
Published: June 2024

Cryptococcus neoformans is at the top of the list of “most wanted” human pathogens. Only three classes of antifungal drugs are available for the treatment of cryptococcosis. Studies on antifungal resistance mechanisms are limited to the investigation of how a particular antifungal drug induces resistance to a particular drug, and the impact of stresses other than antifungals on the development of antifungal resistance and even cross-resistance is largely unexplored. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a ubiquitous subcellular organelle of eukaryotic cells. Brefeldin A (BFA) is a widely used chemical inducer of ER stress. Here, we found that both weak and strong selection by BFA caused aneuploidy formation in C. neoformans, mainly disomy of chromosome 1, chromosome 3, and chromosome 7. Disomy of chromosome 1 conferred cross-resistance to two classes of antifungal drugs: fluconazole and 5-flucytosine, as well as hypersensitivity to amphotericin B. However, drug resistance was unstable, due to the intrinsic instability of aneuploidy. We found overexpression of AFR1 on Chr1 and GEA2 on Chr3 phenocopied BFA resistance conferred by chromosome disomy. Overexpression of AFR1 also caused resistance to fluconazole and hypersensitivity to amphotericin B. Furthermore, a strain with a deletion of AFR1 failed to form chromosome 1 disomy upon BFA treatment. Transcriptome analysis indicated that chromosome 1 disomy simultaneously upregulated AFR1, ERG11, and other efflux and ERG genes. Thus, we posit that BFA has the potential to drive the rapid development of drug resistance and even cross-resistance in C. neoformans, with genome plasticity as the accomplice.
Quantitative analysis of crustal deformation, seismic strain, and stress estimation in Iran via earthquake mechanisms
Authors: Nemati Majid , Rashidi Ahmad , Ezati Maryam , Derakhshani Reza
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the variations in stress, strain, and deformation of the Earth’s crust in Iran arising from tectonic movements and seismic activities. We employed the Kostrov and Molnar methods to quantify these parameters, focusing on the influence of different zoning techniques on the estimations. Analyzing data from 637 earthquakes (moment magnitudes > 5.5) spanning 1909 to 2016, we determined the directions of maximum pressure, tension, and seismic strain through two primary approaches: comprehensive zoning and individual earthquake analysis. Additionally, we assess horizontal shortening and vertical crustal adjustments. Our methodology involves three distinct strategies: individual earthquake analysis, 1° × 1° zoning, and tectonic zoning. The findings demonstrate that the choice of zoning method significantly affects the direction and magnitude of seismic strain estimations. Although both methods identified significant deformations in the Dasht Bayaz and Qaen regions of Eastern Iran, differences between the Kostrov and Molnar methods in estimating seismic strain are observed. The high Zagros region shows signs of crustal thickening, whereas the Zagros foreland exhibits crustal thinning. Intriguingly, Eastern Alborz indicates uplift, and Western Alborz suggests subsidence, offering an alternative view to the conventional tectonic understanding of the Alborz range. These results highlight the critical role of zoning in stress analyses and the disparities between widely used estimation techniques. They underscore the necessity of careful method selection and interpretation in geodynamic studies, particularly in seismically active regions like Iran.
The integrated incretin effect is reduced by both glucose intolerance and obesity in Japanese subjects
Authors: Hamasaki Akihiro , Harada Norio , Muraoka Atsushi , Yamane Shunsuke , Joo Erina , Suzuki Kazuyo , Inagaki Nobuya
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Incretin-based drugs are extensively utilized in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D), with remarkable clinical efficacy. These drugs were developed based on findings that the incretin effect is reduced in T2D. The incretin effect in East Asians, whose pancreatic β-cell function is more vulnerable than that in Caucasians, however, has not been fully examined. In this study, we investigated the effects of incretin in Japanese subjects.

Methods

A total of 28 Japanese subjects (14 with normal glucose tolerance [NGT], 6 with impaired glucose tolerance, and 8 with T2D) were enrolled. Isoglycemic oral (75 g glucose tolerance test) and intravenous glucose were administered. The numerical incretin effect and gastrointestinally-mediated glucose disposal (GIGD) were calculated by measuring the plasma glucose and entero-pancreatic hormone concentrations.

Results and discussion

The difference in the numerical incretin effect among the groups was relatively small. The numerical incretin effect significantly negatively correlated with the body mass index (BMI). GIGD was significantly lower in participants with T2D than in those with NGT, and significantly negatively correlated with the area under the curve (AUC)-glucose, BMI, and AUC-glucagon. Incretin concentrations did not differ significantly among the groups. We demonstrate that in Japanese subjects, obesity has a greater effect than glucose tolerance on the numerical incretin effect, whereas GIGD is diminished in individuals with both glucose intolerance and obesity. These findings indicate variances as well as commonalities between East Asians and Caucasians in the manifestation of incretin effects on pancreatic β-cell function and the integrated capacity to handle glucose.
Efficacy of advanced hybrid closed loop systems in cystic fibrosis related diabetes: a pilot study
Authors: Bassi Marta , Franzone Daniele , Dufour Francesca , Spacco Giordano , Cresta Federico , d’Annunzio Giuseppe , Tantari Giacomo , Calevo Maria Grazia , Castellani Carlo , Minuto Nicola , Casciaro Rosaria
Published: June 2024

Background and aims

Cystic fibrosis related diabetes (CFRD) is correlated with worsening of nutritional status and greater deterioration of lung function. The role of new technologies for the treatment of CFRD is little explored. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of Advanced Hybrid Closed Loop (AHCL) systems on glycemic control in CF patients.

Methods

A single-center retrospective study on CFRD patients using AHCL systems was performed. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values and Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) metrics were collected at T0 (AHCL placement), T1 (1-month), T2 (6-months) and T3 (1-year) to evaluate glycemic control.

Results

10 patients were included in the study. Data showed a reduction of HbA1c value (7.31 ± 0.34 to 6.35 ± 1.00; p=0.03), glycemic variability (p=0.05) and insulin requirement (p=0.03). The study population reached American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommended glycemic targets at 1-year. An increase in the Time in Range (TIR) and a reduction in time in hyperglycemia were also observed, although not statistically significant.

Conclusions

In patients with CFRD, the use of AHCL leads to an improvement in glycemic control in terms of HbA1c and glycemic variability. The increase in TIR and the reduction of time in hyperglycemia, although not statistically significant, are extremely encouraging from a clinical point of view. Further studies with a larger population and a longer follow-up are needed. The results of this study demonstrate the importance of proposing the use of AHCL even in CF patients, who could benefit from glycemic improvement also in terms of nutritional status and respiratory function.
Relationship between recurrence and age in the diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: clinical significance in pediatric patients
Authors: Kim Junu , Koo Ja Seung , Bang Ji-In , Kim Jin Kyong , Kang Sang-Wook , Jeong Jong Ju , Nam Kee-Hyun , Chung Woong Youn
Published: June 2024

Background

The diffuse sclerosing variant (DSV) is among the aggressive variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and is more prevalent in pediatric patients than in adult patients. Few studies have assessed its characteristics owing to its low incidence. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between recurrence and age in the DSV of PTC.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed patients diagnosed with the DSV or conventional PTC (cPTC) after surgery at a medical center between May 1988 and January 2019. We compared the clinico-pathological characteristics and surgical outcomes of the DSV and cPTC groups and between adult and pediatric patients with DSV.

Results

Among the 24,626 patients, 202 had the DSV, and 24,424 were diagnosed with cPTC. The recurrence rate was significantly higher in the DSV group than in the cPTC group. In the DSV group, the recurrence rate was significantly higher in the pediatric patient group than in the adult patient group. Moreover, the association between recurrence and age group showed different patterns between the DSV and cPTC groups with restricted cubic splines (RCS). While both RCS curves showed a U-shaped distribution, the RCS curve tended to be located within the younger age group.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that pediatric patients with DSV are at a greater risk for recurrence compared with adult patients; moreover, the pattern of recurrence risk according to age is different from that of cPTC.
The impact of ESG ratings on the quality and quantity of green innovation of new energy enterprises
Authors: Liu Haiwen , Xu Yuanze
Published: June 2024

Amidst growing environmental challenges linked to coal dependence, fostering green innovation in new energy enterprises is vital for sustainable development in China. Although there have been studies on green innovation of new energy enterprises in recent years, few studies have been conducted from the perspective of ESG, whether informal environmental regulation represented by ESG can stimulate the green innovation of new energy enterprises is of great significance to China’s construction of a low-carbon and secure energy system. In this paper, from the perspective of informal environmental regulation, based on the ESG ratings of SynTao Green Finance’s first public new energy listed companies as an exogenous shock, and taking A-share new energy listed companies as a sample from 2010 to 2021, we empirically verified the effect and mechanism of ESG ratings on the green innovation of new energy companies in terms of the quantity and quality of green innovations by utilizing the Staggered Difference-in-difference (DID) model. The findings demonstrate that new energy enterprises’ green patent numbers and quality are greatly enhanced by ESG grading. However, there is clear heterogeneity in this green innovation effect, which is particularly visible in new energy firms with state-owned enterprise and greater enterprise scales and a higher level of digitization. The Mechanistic findings suggest that ESG ratings drive green innovation by alleviating financial constraints, reducing agency risk, and boosting R&D, thus providing empirical evidence for the development of a green innovation ecosystem in the new energy industry.
Intra-video positive pairs in self-supervised learning for ultrasound
Authors: VanBerlo Blake , Wong Alexander , Hoey Jesse , Arntfield Robert
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Self-supervised learning (SSL) is a strategy for addressing the paucity of labelled data in medical imaging by learning representations from unlabelled images. Contrastive and non-contrastive SSL methods produce learned representations that are similar for pairs of related images. Such pairs are commonly constructed by randomly distorting the same image twice. The videographic nature of ultrasound offers flexibility for defining the similarity relationship between pairs of images.

Methods

We investigated the effect of utilizing proximal, distinct images from the same B-mode ultrasound video as pairs for SSL. Additionally, we introduced a sample weighting scheme that increases the weight of closer image pairs and demonstrated how it can be integrated into SSL objectives.

Results

Named Intra-Video Positive Pairs (IVPP), the method surpassed previous ultrasound-specific contrastive learning methods' average test accuracy on COVID-19 classification with the POCUS dataset by ≥ 1.3%. Detailed investigations of IVPP's hyperparameters revealed that some combinations of IVPP hyperparameters can lead to improved or worsened performance, depending on the downstream task.

Discussion

Guidelines for practitioners were synthesized based on the results, such as the merit of IVPP with task-specific hyperparameters, and the improved performance of contrastive methods for ultrasound compared to non-contrastive counterparts.
Loss-of-function/gain-of-function polymorphisms of the ATP sensitive P2X7R influence sepsis, septic shock, pneumonia, and survival outcomes
Authors: Guggemos Johanna , Fuller Stephen J. , Skarratt Kristen K. , Mayer Benjamin , Schneider E. Marion
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Extracellular ATP (eATP) released from damaged cells activates the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) ion channel on the surface of surrounding cells, resulting in calcium influx, potassium efflux and inflammasome activation. Inherited changes in the P2X7R gene (P2RX7) influence eATP induced responses. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of P2RX7 influence both function and signaling of the receptor, that in addition to ion flux includes pathogen control and immunity.

Methods

Subjects (n = 105) were admitted to the ICU at the University Hospital Ulm, Germany between June 2018 and August 2019. Of these, subjects with a diagnosis of sepsis (n = 75), were also diagnosed with septic shock (n = 24), and/or pneumonia (n = 42). Subjects with pneumonia (n = 43) included those without sepsis (n = 1), sepsis without shock (n = 29) and pneumonia with septic shock (n = 13). Out of the 75 sepsis/septic shock patients, 33 patients were not diagnosed with pneumonia. Controls (n = 30) were recruited to the study from trauma patients and surgical patients without sepsis, septic shock, or pneumonia. SNP frequencies were determined for 16 P2RX7 SNPs known to affect P2X7R function, and association studies were performed between frequencies of these SNPs in sepsis, septic shock, and pneumonia compared to controls.

Results

The loss-of-function (LOF) SNP rs17525809 (T253C) was found more frequently in patients with septic shock, and non-septic trauma patients when compared to sepsis. The LOF SNP rs2230911 (C1096G) was found to be more frequent in patients with sepsis and septic shock than in non-septic trauma patients. The frequencies of these SNPs were even higher in sepsis and septic patients with pneumonia. The current study also confirmed a previous study by our group that showed a five SNP combination that included the GOF SNPs rs208294 (C489T) and rs2230912 (Q460R) that was designated #21211 was associated with increased odds of survival in severe sepsis.

Discussion

The results found an association between expression of LOF P2RX7 SNPs and presentation to the ICU with sepsis, and septic shock compared to control ICU patients. Furthermore, frequencies of LOF SNPs were found to be higher in sepsis patients with pneumonia compared to those without pneumonia. In addition, a five SNP GOF combination was associated with increased odds of survival in severe sepsis. These results suggest that P2RX7 is required to control infection in pneumonia and that inheritance of LOF variants increases the risk of sepsis when associated with pneumonia. This study confirms that P2RX7 genotyping in pneumonia may identify patients at risk of developing sepsis. The study also identifies P2X7R as a target in sepsis associated with an excessive immune response in subjects with GOF SNP combinations.
Diversity of genotypes and pathogenicity of H9N2 avian influenza virus derived from wild bird and domestic poultry
Authors: Yang Qinhong , Ji Jia , Yang Jia , Zhang Yongxian , Yin Hongbin , Dai Hongyang , Wang Wei , Li Suhua
Published: June 2024

Introduction

The H9N2 subtype is a predominant avian influenza virus (AIV) circulating in Chinese poultry, forming various genotypes (A-W) based on gene segment origins. This study aims to investigate the genotypic distribution and pathogenic characteristics of H9N2 isolates from wild birds and domestic poultry in Yunnan Province, China.

Methods

Eleven H9N2 strains were isolated from fecal samples of overwintering wild birds and proximate domestic poultry in Yunnan, including four from common cranes (Grus grus), two from bar-headed geese (Anser indicus), and five from domestic poultry (Gallus gallus). Phylogenetic analysis was conducted to determine the genotypes, and representative strains were inoculated into Yunnan mallard ducks to assess pathogenicity.

Results

Phylogenetic analysis revealed that five isolates from domestic birds and one from a bar-headed goose belong to genotype S, while the remaining five isolates from wild birds belong to genotype A. These bird-derived strains possess deletions in the stalk domain of NA protein and the N166D mutation of HA protein, typical of poultry strains. Genotype S H9N2 demonstrated oropharyngeal shedding, while genotype A H9N2 exhibited cloacal shedding and high viral loads in the duodenum. Both strains caused significant pathological injuries, with genotype S inducing more severe damage to the thymus and spleen, while genotype A caused duodenal muscle layer rupture.

Discussion

These findings suggest that at least two genotypes of H9N2 are currently circulating in Yunnan, and Yunnan mallard ducks potentially act as intermediaries in interspecies transmission. These insights highlight the importance of analyzing the current epidemiological transmission characteristics of H9N2 among wild and domestic birds in China.