bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reading in a post-textual era
Authors: Kovač Miha , Van der Weel Adriaan
Published: November 2018

This paper analyses major social shifts in reading by comparing publishing statistics with results of empirical research on reading. As media statistics suggest, the last five decades have seen two shifts: from textual to visual media, and with the advent of digital screens also from long-form to short-form texts. This was accompanied by new media-adequate reading modes: while long-form content invokes immersed and/or deep reading, we predominantly skim online social media. Empirical research on reading indicates that the reading substrate plays an important role in reading processes. For example, comprehension suffers when complex texts are read from screens. This paper argues that media and reading trends in recent decades indicate broader social and cultural changes in which long-form deep reading traditionally associated with the printed book will be marginalised by prevailing media trends and the reading modes they inspire. As these trends persist, it may be necessary to find new approaches to vocabulary and knowledge building.
Why digital natives need books: The myth of the digital native
Authors: Støle Hildegunn
Published: November 2018

This article is concerned with children’s reading development in the important years from when they begin learning to read to the age when the child reaches adequate reading comprehension to read to learn from a variety of texts on diverse subjects. Like any skill, reading skill requires relevant and extensive training. We have tended to think that children growing up in the digital era get plenty reading training from digital devices and that this is as efficient as reading books was for earlier generations. Due to this optimism, we have paid too little attention to whether extensive use of digital devices actually provide children with relevant reading training during the important years that efficient reading is developed. The author holds that book reading still has its place in education.
Edith Wharton as Regionalist: A New Context for Reading Summer
Authors: Billips Martha
Published: November 2018

Edith Wharton's often disparaging remarks about her New England “predecessors”—Sarah Orne Jewett, Mary E. Wilkins Freeman, and others—remain well known, and many critics have studied her relationship to these writers and the regional tradition their work exemplifies. This analysis, however, reads Wharton's novel Summer in relationship not only to Jewett's “A White Heron,” but also alongside the story “A Star in the Valley” by another writer in the regional tradition, Mary Noailles Murfree of Tennessee. Comparing these three stories of encounter between an urban, male visitor and a local rural girl suggests the subversive nature of both Jewett's and Wharton's works—something Wharton may not have recognized in Jewett's piece. Moreover, the comparison among the three authors demonstrates that Wharton worked within and against a network of women writers closely associated with the Atlantic Monthly, a network that included writers from the Appalachian South and other locales as well as New England. The analysis reads her final New England novel, Summer, through the lens of this tradition.
Consumo voluntário e Ingestão de nutrientes em dietas contendo ração e diferentes sementes para Psittacula krameri (Ring Neck)
Authors: Fernandes Barbara Decker , Oliveira Júlia Caroline Caroline de , Rocha Chayane Da , Moreno Tatiane Brandão , Machado Rodrigo Girata
Published: November 2018

O objetivo desse trabalho foi mensurar o consumo voluntário e estimar a ingestão de nutrientes em Psitaculla Krameri mantidas sob cuidados humanos. Para tanto, foram utilizadas 21 aves da espécie, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em três tratamentos com sete repetições cada. Os tratamentos experimentais foram 1- Ração comercial extrusada para psitacídeos, semente de girassol, alpiste e painço;2- Ração comercial extrusada para psitacídeos, alpiste e painço e 3- Ração. O consumo de alimento, sobras e desperdício foram mensurados durante sete dias consecutivos. A ingestão de nutrientes foi estimada baseada na ingestão de matéria seca e na composição nutricional dos itens alimentares ofertados. As aves do T1 ingeriram 2,6x mais energia em relação às do T2 e T3 e ingeriram maior quantidade total de matéria seca, proteína bruta, extrato etéreo e cálcio (g/ave/dia). Foi possível verificar que a relação Ca:P foi mantida somente no T3, estando T1 e T2 abaixo da relação recomendada. Conclui-se que a disponibilidade de mais de um item alimentar resulta em aumento significativo na ingestão de MS, demonstrando a preferência dessa espécie por alimentos com maior concentração de gordura e consequentemente com maior palatabilidade.
The Relationship Between the Quality of Academic Advising and the Perception of Academic Outcomes of Saudi College Students
Authors: Awadh Maryam
Published: November 2018

One aim of all educational institutions is to advance the relationship between academic advising and students’ outcomes. The purpose of this literature review was to examine whether the level of quality of academic advising as measured by the advisor’s meeting frequently, informativeness and availability, educational support, and career support predict students’ persistence outcomes as measured by college loyalty, intent to drop out, social integration, and academic integration. This study helps provide evidence and empirical data to the field of academic advising by investigating its relationship with students’ college commitment. The study was guided by Tinto integration theory (1987) and Astin involvement theory (1984). The literature derives from Saudi and united states studies. The analysis of this literature resulted in the identification of the academic advising relationship with students’ outcomes. The findings are suggesting that quality academic advising matters for students’ college commitment and positively predicted students’ perceived academic integration. Future research should continue exploring the relationship between the quality of academic advising and students’ college commitment but not necessarily limited to one institution or community.
Testing Profit and Loss Sharing to Stabilise Level of Inflation: Evidence From Indonesia
Authors: Maski Ghozali , Kafabih An'im , Hoetoro Arif
Published: November 2018

The objective of this research is for testing whether profit and loss sharing (PLS) can stabilise inflation compared to interest rate. By using ARDL bound test with monthly data from January 2012 to May 2016, the result shows that PLS that is proxied by national sukuk, mudharabah and musharakah and interest rate simultaneously can affect inflation in Indonesia. Based on coefficient value analysis, PLS that is proxied by national sukuk can stabilise level of inflation in the long run only. Musharakah as other proxy of PLS can stabilise inflation in the short run only. However, mudharabah cannot be used to stabilise inflation both the short run and long run.
Thromboelastography for the Orthopaedic Surgeon
Authors: Hagedorn John C. , Bardes James M. , Paris Creed L. , Lindsey Ronald W.
Published: November 2018

Evaluation of coagulation is vital in the care of the orthopaedic patients, particularly in the subspecialties of trauma, spine, arthroplasty, and revision surgery resulting from blood loss and coagulopathies. Although conventional tests (prothrombin time/international normalized ratio, activated partial thromboplastin time, platelet count, and fibrinogen) are most commonly used, others like thromboelastography (TEG) are also available to the orthopaedic surgeons. TEG is a blood test developed in the 1950s, which provides a snapshot of a patient's coagulation profile by evaluating clot formation and lysis. Recently, TEG has been used to assess traumatic coagulopathy. The coagulation parameters measured by the TEG are reaction time (R-time), time to reach a certain clot strength (K-value), speed of fibrin build up (α-angle), maximum clot amplitude, and percentage decrease of clot in 30 minutes (LY30). Using these values, traumatologists have developed a better, faster, and more accurate overview of a patient's resuscitation and more successfully direct blood product use. However, many orthopaedic surgeons—despite performing surgical procedures that risk notable blood loss and postoperative clotting complications—are unaware of the existence of the TEG blood test and the critical information it provides. Increasing awareness of the TEG among orthopaedic surgeons could have a notable effect on numerous aspects of musculoskeletal care.
Teacher Cognition and Grammar Teaching in the Saudi Arabian Context
Authors: Ahmad Iftikhar
Published: November 2018

While much has been written about teacher cognition in grammar teaching, research investigating non-native English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teacher cognition in grammar teaching remains limited. This study intends to investigate non-native EFL teacher cognition in teaching grammar to university students in the Saudi Arabian context. More specifically, the study examins the interplay between these teachers’ beliefs and practices in grammar teaching across mother tongue and gender. For this purpose, the study used mixed methods design, and employed a five-point Lickert scale questionnaire triangulated by a structured classroom observations checklist. Sixty teachers were selected for questionnaire, based on stratified random sampling; while eight teachers were observed multiple times. Teachers’ selection for observations was based on purposive sampling. Both types of data were analysed statistically using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Descriptive analyses and independent-samples t-tests were employed. The results of independent samples t-tests indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in the beliefs of teachers across mother tongue and gender. The main finding of the study, revealed through descriptive analysis of the data, is that beliefs and practices of teachers across mother tongue and gender were at odds resulting into weak teacher cognition. The study suggests pedagogical implications for improved teacher cognition and hence, better grammar teaching in the Saudi Arabian context.
Rockfall Hazard Rating System(s) in Saudi Arabia – A Review
Authors: Aqeel Adnan M.
Published: November 2018

Slope instability along highways in mountainous areas is not only a major hazard for lives and passing vehicles but also may hinder traffic for long period and thus create significant economic loss. The most common type of slope instability failures in such areas is rockfalls. Many qualitative rockfall hazard rating systems (RHRSs) have been developed across the world. However, the Middle East almost lacks to such systems. For instance, in Saudi Arabia, which has the largest economy in the region, only one system of rockfall hazard rating system (RHRS-SA) has been developed up to now. This paper aimed to critically review this system. Some drawbacks were found in the RHRS-SA. However, the main disadvantage was that the final rating score of risk is not consistent with risk definition. In sum, the remarkable findings of this review can be accounted either for any future modifications for the RHRS-SA or to develop a new rockfall hazard rating system but for a specific area(s) in Saudi Arabia.
Making Sense of the Law and Society Movement
Authors: Blocq Daniel , van der Woude Maartje
Published: November 2018

Making Sense of the Law and Society Movement

This article aims to deepen scholarly understanding of the Law and Society Movement (L&S) and thereby strengthen debates about the relation between Empirical Legal Studies (ELS) and L&S. The article departs from the observation that ELS, understood as an initiative that emerged in American law schools in the early 2000s, has been quite successful in generating more attention to the empirical study of law and legal institutions in law schools, both in- and outside the US. In the early years of its existence, L&S – another important site for the empirical study of law and legal institutions – also had its center of gravity inside the law schools. But over time, it shifted towards the social sciences. This article discusses how that happened, and more in general explains how L&S became ever more diverse in terms of substance, theory and methods.
Major vascular injury during laparoscopy
Authors: Paśnik Bartosz , Modrzejewski Andrzej
Published: November 2018

Major Vascular injury during laparoscopy is most deadly complication of laparoscopy. This report is review major vascular injuries based on surgeon’s relation and literature. The incidence of MVI is 0,04 % - 0,1 %. Extremely important is to learn proper technique of insuflation. According to patient’s physique surgeon should consider best technique of insuflation, take caution against slim people, and induct implements with proper angle. We should avoid excesive force during trocar and Verres’s needle insertion, we also should avoid redundant movement after Verres needle is inserted in abdomen cavity. Elevation of the anterior abdominal wall at the time of Veress or primary trocar insertion is routinely recomended. Major vascular injury is seriously underestimated problem of laparoscopic operations.
Application of the Competency Model in the Human Resources Management Process in the Civil Service: Experience of Lithuanian Institutions
Authors: Stačinskaitė Simona , Petrauskienė Rūta
Published: November 2018

The article analyzes the theoretical concepts of competence, competence management and competency model and their relationship between each other. Article reveals possibilities of using the competency model in the process of human resources management in the civil service. The model of competencies of the civil service of the Republic of Lithuania and the methodology of its application is analyzed. The aim of the article is to study the experience of applying the competency model in the process of human resources management in the civil service in Lithuania. To achieve this, a qualitative social survey was conducted - a semi-structured expert interview. During the research, the issues of the implementation of the competency model were identified.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ppaa.17.3.21951
Course Design, Images, and the Class-Curated Exhibit
Authors: Prendergast Ryan , Totleben Kristen
Published: November 2018

This article discusses the restructuring of a literature course to include a student-curated exhibit featuring rare, illustrated volumes from the University of Rochester’s River Campus Libraries. Faculty and library staff offered an experiential learning project for students to develop skills in the areas of primary source literacy, basic exhibit design, visual and textual analysis, process writing, and public presentation. We reflect upon the challenges and opportunities of project management and offer three models for integrating rare books and exhibit curation into a range of courses across disciplines.
Ionic Liquids as Efficient Extractants for Quercetin from Red Onion (Allium cepa L.)
Authors: Domanska Urszula , Wisniewska Anna , Dabrowski Zbigniew , Wieckowski Mikolaj
Published: November 2018

The solubility of Quercetin in alcohols, esters and in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoroacetate, [EMIM][TFA] ionic liquid (IL) using the dynamic method was measured at constant pH in a range of temperature 233-373 K and compare to the literature data. The experimental solubility data have been correlated by means of commonly known GE models,UNIQUAC and NRTL with the assumption that the systems studied here present simple eutectic behaviour. The basic thermal properties of Quercetin, i.e., fusion temperature and the enthalpy of fusion have been measured with differential scanning microcalorimetry technique (DSC).The application of alcohols, esters and ionic liquids (ILs) as alternatives to conventional organic solvents in the liquid-liquid extraction of Quercetin from different medicinal plants, flowers and frozen red onion (Allium cepa L.) was investigated. The parameters affecting the extraction yield using ILs such as chemical structures of the IL cation and anion, the phase volume ratio of extracting solvent, time of extraction and the Quercetin form of sample and concentration were evaluated. Specific Quercetin composition was performed through HPLC measurements. Using the most effective ILs in extraction, the 14.3±0.1g.kg-1 and 5.9±0.1g.kg-1of Quercetin from frozen pure red onion was obtained with N,N-diethyl-N-methyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium tetrafluoroborate, [N2,2,1,2OCH3][BF4] and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoroacetate, [EMIM][TFA], respectively.
OXIDATIVE-REDUCING PROCESSES WITH PARTICIPATION OF MANGANESE IONS INITIATED BY AN ELECTRIC DISCHARGE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION
Authors: Shutov Dmitriy A. , Sungurova Aleksandra V. , Smirnova Kristina V. , Manukyan Anna S. , Rybkin Vladimir V.
Published: November 2018

The results of experimental studies of the kinetics of oxidation-reduction of Mn7+ ions (MnO4-) in aqueous solutions initiated by the action of a discharge of a direct current of atmospheric pressure in air are analyzed in the article. A solution of potassium permanganate served as a discharge cathode. The range of initial solution concentrations for Mn7+ ions was (0.44-2.5) mmol/l, and discharge currents (20-60) mA. It was found that the discharge action leads to the reduction of Mn7+ ions and discoloration of the solution. At the same time, dark solid particles with a size of 0.1 μm to 20 μm are formed. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the particles are amorphous, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed that the powder is manganese oxide (IV). The kinetics of reduction-oxidation of Mn7+ ions is measured. It is shown that the obtained data on the kinetics of the reduction of Mn7+ ions in the best way (the determination coefficient R2≈0.99) can be described by the scheme X↔Y↔Z, where X is the starting material, and Y and Z are the reaction products. The processing of kinetic curves on the basis of this scheme found the effective rate constants of the corresponding stages. It was found that the effective rate constants depend on the initial concentration of the solution. At a discharge current of 20 mA, an increase in the concentration from 0.44 to 2.5 mol/l led to a decrease in the rate constant for the reduction of Mn7+ ions from (2.48 ± 0.5) ·10-2 to (7.2 ± 1.5) ·10-3 s-1, respectively. Possible mechanisms of processes are discussed. It is assumed that the main particles involved in the oxidation reactions of the reduction of manganese ions are H2O2, HO2, OH and solvated electrons that are formed in the solution under the action of a discharge.

For citation:

Shutov D.A., Sungurova A.V., Smirnova K.V., Manukyan A.S., Rybkin V.V. Oxidative-reducing processes with participation of manganese ions initiated by electric discharge in aqueous solution. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 9-10. P. 23-29
« Qu’on leur donne du pain, de l’instruction et de la foi » : réponse de l’Eglise face aux problèmes des jeunes inadaptés en Guadeloupe (1935-1990)
Authors: PALMISTE Claire Lucienne
Published: November 2018

L’Oeuvre Saint Jean Bosco, fondée en 1944, était gérée par l’Association Protection de l’Enfance (APE) dont la mission était de protéger les enfants abandonnés et les vieillards et de soulager les infirmes et les malades. Saint-Jean Bosco fut créé à la période charnière de transformation des anciennes colonies françaises en départements d’outre-mer. La mission de l’oeuvre était de « protéger, sauver, éduquer les enfants pauvres : orphelins, délaissés et enfants dévoyés ». Face aux contraintes économiques et sociales sa mission évolua, reflétant la tension entre prérogatives de l’Etat sur les enfants en danger moral et actions caritatives de l’Eglise.

En s’appuyant sur les archives diocésaines, cette contribution analysera la singularité de l’Oeuvre Saint Jean Bosco en adoptant une approche diachronique. L’oeuvre se situe à la croisée de plusieurs problématiques : la relation entre le religieux et le séculier en Guadeloupe, les origines et l’évolution de la prise en charge de l’enfance en danger moral avec une prise en compte de l’intérêt de l’enfant, et les conditions qui ont permis le passage d’une structure d’accueil des enfants en danger moral à une structure plus axée sur l’insertion professionnelle des jeunes.
Antiquarians and Avocationals from Upper Canada to Ontario
Authors: Fox William , Heidenreich Conrad , Hunter James
Published: November 2018

The investigation of Indigenous and European archaeological sites in what is now the Province of Ontario spans a period of nearly two centuries. While much of the earliest work involved “digging for curiosities,” establishment of the Canadian Institute in 1849 resulted in a more scientific pursuit of knowledge. With the creation of a Provincial archaeologist and the staffing of academic positions, the professional and avocational/collector branches of archaeological activity split in the latter decades of the 19th century; however, both remained active. The interplay between them strengthened the still nascent professional branch during the early 20th century, leading to the increased professionalization of the discipline in the second half of the century.
Cancer and mTOR inhibitors in kidney transplantation recipients
Authors: Kao Chih-Chin , Liu Jia-Sin , Chang Yu-Kang , Lin Ming-Huang , Lin Yen-Chung , Chen Hsi-Hsien , Chang Wei-Chiao , Hsu Chih-Cheng , Wu Mai-Szu
Published: November 2018

Background

Previous studies show that mTOR inhibitors decrease the risk of cancer development after kidney transplantation. However, the effect of cumulative doses of mTOR inhibitors on cancer after kidney transplantation is not well known.

Methods

In the current study, patients were registered into a national database in Taiwan. Between year 2000 and 2013, 4,563 patients received kidney transplantation. They were divided into two groups, according to mTOR inhibitors usage. The cumulative dose of mTOR inhibitors was recorded. Patients were followed-up until de novo cancer development, death, or the end of 2014.

Results

Patients were divided into two groups: mTOR inhibitors users (study group, n = 828) and mTOR inhibitors non-users (control group, n = 3,735). The median follow-up duration was 7.8 years. The risk of de novo cancer (hazards ratio (HR) 0.80, 95% CI [0.60–1.09], p = 0.16) and risk of death (HR 1.14, 95% CI [0.82–1.60], p = 0.43) was not different between mTOR inhibitor user and non-user groups. Neither high- nor low-dose exposure to mTOR inhibitors was associated with increased risk of cancer or mortality. Analysis of cancer subtypes showed no influence by mTOR inhibitors. In addition, the cause of mortality was not significantly different between the two groups.

Discussion

We could not find the association of mTOR inhibitors use and risk of de novo cancer development or mortality in patients with kidney transplantation in Chinese patients. Cumulative exposure to mTOR inhibitors did not change the results.
Crianças e infâncias (im)possíveis na escola: dissidências em debate
Authors: Couto Junior Dilton Ribeiro , Pocahy Fernando , Oswald Maria Luiza Magalhães Bastos
Published: November 2018

A proposta desse texto é discutir a criança e as infâncias em suas posições dissidentes, centralizando os esforços reflexivos em torno das experiências sociais de sujeitos que construíram trajetórias marcadas por movimentos e posições de dissidência. O texto é enredado por rememorações de infâncias de jovens autodeclaradxs não-heterossexuais que participaram de trabalho de campo de pesquisa de doutorado recentemente concluída. Articulado com o campo das infâncias e dos estudos de gênero e sexualidade, o trabalho promove interlocuções teórico-metodológicas que permitem acompanhar posições de sujeito, trânsitos, interpelações das (cis)heteronormas. Isso permitiu-nos (re)discutir o papel social da escola frente à educação daquelas crianças que, colocadas na condição de “estranhas” e “diferentes”, levam o desconforto a muitos espaços institucionais e às políticas educacionais, virando de ponta-cabeça o currículo. Esse desconforto, no entanto, é imprescindível para que brechas sejam abertas e favoreçam o ato de (re)pensarmos as experiências infantis em suas posições dissidentes.
São assim os baianos: entre afinidades eletivas e regionais a presença de Anísio Teixeira e dos intelectuais baianos no Ministério da Educação nos anos 1950 e 1960
Authors: Gouvêa Fernando César Ferreira
Published: November 2018

O presente trabalho busca compreender a trajetória e a permanência dos intelectuais baianos Anísio Teixeira, Jayme Abreu, Almir de Castro e Péricles Madureira de Pinho à frente dos principais setores pedagógicos do Ministério da Educação no período de 1951 a 1964. A metodologia terá como esteio a confrontação entre memórias, entrevistas, acervos, correspondências, relatórios institucionais e impressos pedagógicos na perspectiva de apreender a rede que deu a sustentação para a permanência dos referidos atores no âmbito da burocracia estatal, mais especificamente na pasta atinente à educação que assistiu à passagem de treze ministros titulares no período em tela. Trata-se de uma pesquisa que tem a intenção de pensar a construção de uma forma de politização do pensamento e ação educacional de atores no seio de uma rede de tramas político-partidárias complexas num modelo de Estado de orientação nacional-desenvolvimentista.
O CAMPESINATO NA FORMAÇÃO DA SOCIEDADE CAPITALISTA MODERNA
Authors: Peixoto Sérgio Elísio
Published: November 2018

No presente artigo pretende-se, inicialmente, discutir a complexidade do conceito de campesinato, diante da diversidade que este grupo social assume em sua trajetória histórica, conforme as mudanças que ocorrem nas formações sociais capitalistas em que se encontra inserido. Para tanto, parte-se de uma apresentação e discussão do conceito, tomando-se por base algumas proposições de pensadores clássicos. Em seguida, analisam-se os principais aspectos que caracterizam o campesinato nas sociedades agrárias, bem como as transformações que afetam o seu modo de vida quando de sua transição para a sociedade capitalista, enfatizando-se sua incorporação às estruturas produtivas regidas por processos de acumulação de capital, a partir dos países onde a Revolução Industrial originou-se. O artigo faz parte de um estudo mais amplo, onde se procura discutir o envolvimento do campesinato brasileiro no processo de reforma agrária.
MULHERES POLICIAIS: CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE O TRABALHO POLICIAL FEMININO
Authors: Oliveira Francisco Malta de , Ferreira Maria Da Luz Alves
Published: November 2018

Neste artigo, busca-se relacionar questões acerca do trabalho e sua relevância social, conceituação de gênero e o trabalho feminino, a partir de um olhar sobre as transformações do mundo do trabalho e na cultura organizacional no ambiente policial-militar. A partir de revisões bibliográficas foi possível considerar que ainda há desvantagem no ambiente organizacional, pela distinção de trabalho masculino e feminino.
ORÇAMENTO PARTICIPATIVO: LIMITES, RISCOS E POTENCIALIDADES
Authors: Bodart Cristiano Das Neves
Published: November 2018

Este paper tem por objetivo discutir algumas das potencialidades de práticas do Orçamento Participativo (doravante OP), bem como os riscos existentes se posto em prática de forma mal sucedida. Adotamos a revisão de literatura, especialmente as contribui- ções de autores que se dedicaram ao tema, tais como, Marquetti, Campos, Pires, Avritzer, Navarro, Ribeiro e Grazia. Destacamos que seus possíveis benefícios não se restringem apenas à sociedade civil, mas também ao poder público e suas limitações estão diretamente relacionadas às questões políticas e técnicas que envolve a efetivação de sua prática.
REPRESENTAÇÃO POLÍTICA E DEMOCRACIA: O DEBATE EM TORNO DA CRISE DE REPRESENTAÇÃO
Authors: Messias Gabriela De Matos
Published: November 2018

Partindo do pressuposto de que a compreensão das propostas em torno das instituições participativas nas sociedades contemporâneas atravessa a relação possível entre democracia e representação politica, este artigo oferece uma discussão sobre os dilemas que apontam para a crise da representação, mostrando que se trata de um tema controverso entre os estudiosos da área. Primeiro, a discussão é conduzida a partir da relação entre democracia e representação política, em seguida, com base nas formulações da teoria política, apresenta-se uma revisão da noção de representação e, por fim, mostra-se que dos dilemas que a envolve surgem diversas propostas de reformulação do seu conceito em direção à ampliação da participação política nos negócios comuns.
O LAZER NOS PLANOS DE GOVERNO DOS CANDIDATOS À PREFEITURA DE JUIZ DE FORA NAS ELEIÇÕES 2012
Authors: Costa Valdiney De Souza e Rodrigues
Published: November 2018

Embora o lazer seja reconhecido como um direito social, também é um termo utilizado de muitas maneiras diferentes, não havendo consenso do seu significado. Diante deste quadro, apesar de ser possível constatar alguns avanços na institucionalização das polí- ticas públicas brasileiras voltadas para esta área, tais avanços ainda guardam certa distância das condições reais de conquista deste direito. Este trabalho busca entender em que medida essa obscuridade em torno do termo afeta as ações políticas na área, investigando a forma como o lazer foi concebido nos planos de governo de candidatos à prefeitura de Juiz de Fora (MG) nas eleições municipais de 2012 e apresentando os possíveis impactos da maneira como o tema foi abordado para o público-alvo das ações. Através de pesquisa bibliográfica, foi feita uma breve revisão de algumas formas de conceituar o lazer que mais têm servido de orientação política no Brasil e um levantamento de alguns elementos-chave para analisar políticas públicas de lazer de âmbito municipal. Os planos de governo foram analisados através desses elementos. Esta análise permitiu identificar nos planos uma valoração do lazer, mas que está em descompasso com as ações propostas. Demonstrou também que, quando os governantes possuem uma visão simplista do lazer, a população se torna alvo de ações limitadas que não ampliam o alcance deste direito. Públicos diferentes passam a ser contemplados com apenas um conteúdo e os espaços preparados para a vivência são direcionados a apenas um tipo de lazer.
UMA “PROTO” TEORIA SOCIAL? TRABALHO HERMENÊUTICO SOBRE COMENTARIOS REALES DE GARCILASO DE LA VEGA (1539-1616)
Authors: Cortez e Schubert Ricardo e Janete
Published: November 2018

Esse trabalho se dedica a sistematizar elementos a priori de uma obra que conteria em si uma teoria social de um autor anterior, cronologicamente, à qualquer formulação de alguma teoria social. O autor em questão é o intelectual peruano Garcilaso de la Vega (1539-1616), que, ao tentar narrar a trajetória do povo inca através de sua língua e de sua cultura – utilizando-se de sua imersão na vida incaica através de relatos orais – acaba por teorizar sobre uma série de aspectos caros à teoria social, como o desenho moral das relações sociais na modernidade e a representação sobre o tempo. Esses aspectos são apreciáveis a partir da consideração da herança mestiça do autor, que sintetizou herança cristã, inca e renascentista.
LIBERDADE NA IGUALDADE OU IGUALDADE NA LIBERDADE? NOTAS SOBRE O LIBERALISMO E A DEMOCRACIA NA TEORIA POLÍTICA MODERNA
Authors: V. Boarin Paula
Published: November 2018

O presente estudo tem como tema a relação entre liberalismo e democracia na Teoria Política Moderna, assumindo a “liberdade” e a “igualdade” como os valores atribuídos a um e a outro, respectivamente. O objetivo é descrever a maneira como tal relação foi pensada pelos principais teóricos da política – sobretudo por Locke, Madison, Tocqueville, Mill, Weber e Marx –, partindo das concepções próprias da Modernidade, e realizar apontamentos a respeito da questão que, ainda hoje, figura debates entre os estudiosos: liberdade na igualdade ou igualdade na liberdade? O trabalho conclui que não é possível pensar nestes valores separadamente e que a Teoria Política é capaz de fornecer um norte normativo também para a prática humana.
3D Nanostructured Multielectrode Arrays: Fabrication, Electrochemical Characterization, and Evaluation of Cell–Electrode Adhesion
Authors: Decker Dominique , Hempelmann Rolf , Natter Harald , Pirrung Melissa , Rabe Holger , Schäfer Karl Herbert , Saumer Monika
Published: November 2018

3D nanostructures on top of planar multielectrode array (MEA) electrodes increase the surface area and can offer a tight and stable cell–electrode interface, thus leading to a crucial increase of the signal‐to‐noise ratio during measurement. However, each individual cell type might need specific dimensions and an arrangement of nanostructures that fits ideally to a specific cell type. Therefore, a fabrication method of 3D nanostructured MEA chips based on nanoimprint lithography, gold electroplating, and microstructuring techniques is presented which allows the fabrication of a whole set of MEA chips with different nanostructure layouts in one single approach. The chips are characterized using electrochemical methods, atomic force, and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, an impedance measurement method is presented to quantify cell–electrode adhesion of nanostructured and unstructured electrodes using the human embryonic kidney cell line (HEK 293). Double‐layer capacitance, transferred charge, and impedance values of different nanostructure layouts revealed a significant improvement compared to unstructured electrodes. The improvement strongly correlates with the increase of the electrochemical active surface area. Impedance measurement with impedance‐stable HEK 293 cells allows discriminating differences of cell adhesion between the individual nanostructure layouts. A significant increase or decrease of cell–electrode coupling depending on the nanostructure layout is demonstrated.
High Performance Lithium Metal Batteries Enabled by Surface Tailoring of Polypropylene Separator with a Polydopamine/Graphene Layer
Authors: Kim Patrick J. , Pol Vilas G.
Published: November 2018

Lithium (Li) metal batteries suffer from the intrinsic issues associated with poor Coulombic efficiency and dendritic Li growth. Herein, a multifunctional trilayer membrane is reported first by depositing a dual layer of a polydopamine (PDA) and a graphene‐carboxymethyl cellulose (Gr‐CMC) on top of the standard polypropylene separator in order to enhance the cycle performance and electrochemical stabilities of Li metal electrodes. The Gr‐CMC layer of the designed separator has an excellent electrolyte wettability, enhanced electrical conductivity, and additional capacity for Li storage. These strong benefits facilitate the excellent and effective electrochemical reactions and kinetics in both the Li/Cu half‐cell and the Li/LiFePO4 (LFP) full cell. When the PDA/Gr‐CMC separator is employed in both systems, the cycle stability and Coulombic efficiency are dramatically improved and the interfacial impedance between the electrode and the separator is significantly reduced. Electrochemical stability tests at 0 °C further demonstrate the positive potential of the designed separator for facilitating the stable operation of Li metal batteries. The approach not only serves as an effective way of enhancing the life‐time and capacity of Li metal batteries but also can broaden the material options for the development of advanced Li metal batteries.
Maternal breast volume in pregnancy and lactation capacity
Authors: Żelaźniewicz Agnieszka , Pawłowski Bogusław
Published: November 2018

Objectives

Successful breastfeeding, crucial for a child's development, depends on a woman's ability to initiate lactation, milk yield, and composition. Those traits differ among women, but the cause and physiological mechanisms responsible for this variation are not fully understood yet. Growing evidence shows that lactation and milk composition vary among women and depend on maternal traits. The aim of this study was to test whether breast volume and its changes during pregnancy are related to the nutritional quality of breastmilk and to breastfeeding dynamics.

Material and Methods

Almost 93 pregnant women (mean age: 29.67 ± 3.65), participated in the longitudinal study. Breast measurement was performed at each pregnancy trimester using 3D scanning. Milk samples were collected in the beginning of the second month of lactation from 69 women. Milk macronutrient and calorie content were measured. Women were also interviewed on breastfeeding time and frequency.

Results

Breast volume changes during pregnancy were not related to the probability of establishing successful lactation, milk calorie, fat and protein content. We found a negative correlation between milk lactose content and breast volume in the second and third trimester but not with breast volume change. Maternal breast volume in pregnancy was also positively related to the total breastfeeding time (per 24 hr).

Conclusions

The results are in line with the notion that milk macronutrient content tends to be weakly associated with various maternal factors and adverse conditions. However, maternal breast volume and its changes during pregnancy are related with time spent breastfeeding per day, what suggests a positive correlation between breast volume in pregnancy and milk yield.
Shades of complexity: New perspectives on the evolution and genetic architecture of human skin
Authors: Quillen Ellen E. , Norton Heather L. , Parra Esteban J. , Lona‐Durazo Frida , Ang Khai C. , Illiescu Florin Mircea , Pearson Laurel N. , Shriver Mark D. , Lasisi Tina , Gokcumen Omer , Starr Izzy , Lin Yen‐Lung , Martin Alicia R. , Jablonski Nina G.
Published: November 2018

Like many highly variable human traits, more than a dozen genes are known to contribute to the full range of skin color. However, the historical bias in favor of genetic studies in European and European‐derived populations has blinded us to the magnitude of pigmentation's complexity. As deliberate efforts are being made to better characterize diverse global populations and new sequencing technologies, better measurement tools, functional assessments, predictive modeling, and ancient DNA analyses become more widely accessible, we are beginning to appreciate how limited our understanding of the genetic bases of human skin color have been. Novel variants in genes not previously linked to pigmentation have been identified and evidence is mounting that there are hundreds more variants yet to be found. Even for genes that have been exhaustively characterized in European populations like MC1R, OCA2, and SLC24A5, research in previously understudied groups is leading to a new appreciation of the degree to which genetic diversity, epistatic interactions, pleiotropy, admixture, global and local adaptation, and cultural practices operate in population‐specific ways to shape the genetic architecture of skin color. Furthermore, we are coming to terms with how factors like tanning response and barrier function may also have influenced selection on skin throughout human history. By examining how our knowledge of pigmentation genetics has shifted in the last decade, we can better appreciate how far we have come in understanding human diversity and the still long road ahead for understanding many complex human traits.
Design of Single Gold Atoms on Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon for Molecular Recognition in Alkyne Semi‐Hydrogenation
Authors: Lin Ronghe , Albani Davide , Fako Edvin , Kaiser Selina K. , Safonova Olga V. , López Núria , Pérez‐Ramírez Javier
Published: November 2018

Single‐atom heterogeneous catalysts with well‐defined architectures are promising for deriving structure–performance relationships, but the challenge lies in finely tuning the structural and electronic properties of the metal. To tackle this point, a new approach based on the surface diffusion of gold atoms on different cavities of N‐doped carbon is presented. By controlling the activation temperature, the coordination neighbors (Cl, O, N) and the oxidation state of the metal can be tailored. Semi‐hydrogenation of various alkynes on the single‐atom gold catalysts displays substrate‐dependent catalytic responses; structure insensitive for alkynols with γ‐OH and unfunctionalized alkynes, and sensitive for alkynols with α‐OH. Density functional theory links the sensitivity for alkynols to the strong interaction between the substrate and specific gold‐cavity ensembles, mimicking a molecular recognition pattern that allows to identify the cavity site and to enhance the catalytic activity.
Isovalent Cation Ordering in the Polar Rhombohedral Perovskite Bi2FeAlO6
Authors: De Chandan , Arévalo‐López Ángel M. , Orlandi Fabio , Manuel Pascal , Attfield J. Paul , Sundaresan Athinarayanan
Published: November 2018

Ordering of cations in different structural types occurs when there is a significant difference in the oxidation states and ionic radii of the ions involved. Herein we report an unusual ordering of isovalent cations Fe3+ and Al3+ in the polar rhombohedral R3 double perovskite structure of Bi2FeAlO6 synthesized at high‐pressure (6 GPa) and high‐temperature (1000 °C). This ordered structure is derived from the 1:1 combination of the polar oxides BiFeO3 (R3c) and BiAlO3 (R3c), which results in reduction of symmetry to an R3 structure where the Fe3+ and Al3+ ions are ordered in a rock salt manner. However, these ions remain disordered in BiFe1−xAlxO3 (x=0.2, 0.3, 0.4) perovskites with R3c structure. The ordered compound undergoes antiferromagnetic ordering at TN≈280 K. The butterfly nature of piezoelectric displacement loop further confirms the polar nature of the cation‐ordered Bi2FeAlO6.
A Mass‐Spectrometry‐Based Modelling Workflow for Accurate Prediction of IgG Antibody Conformations in the Gas Phase
Authors: Hansen Kjetil , Lau Andy M. , Giles Kevin , McDonnell James M. , Struwe Weston B. , Sutton Brian J. , Politis Argyris
Published: November 2018

Immunoglobulins are biomolecules involved in defence against foreign substances. Flexibility is key to their functional properties in relation to antigen binding and receptor interactions. We have developed an integrative strategy combining ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM‐MS) with molecular modelling to study the conformational dynamics of human IgG antibodies. Predictive models of all four human IgG subclasses were assembled and their dynamics sampled in the transition from extended to collapsed state during IM‐MS. Our data imply that this collapse of IgG antibodies is related to their intrinsic structural features, including Fab arm flexibility, collapse towards the Fc region, and the length of their hinge regions. The workflow presented here provides an accurate structural representation in good agreement with the observed collision cross section for these flexible IgG molecules. These results have implications for studying other nonglobular flexible proteins.
A Bayesian decision analysis approach to assess voice disorder risks by using acoustic features
Authors: Rufo María J. , Martín Jacinto , Pérez Carlos J. , Paniagua Sandra
Published: November 2018

Vocal fold nodules are recognized as an occupational disease for all collective of workers performing activities for which maintained and continued use of voice is required. Computer‐aided systems based on features extracted from voice recordings have been considered as potential noninvasive and low cost tools to diagnose some voice‐related diseases. A Bayesian decision analysis approach has been proposed to classify university lectures in three levels of risk: low, medium, and high, based on the information provided by acoustic features extracted from healthy controls and people suffering from vocal fold nodules. The proposed risk groups are associated with different treatments. The approach is based on the calculation of posterior probabilities of developing vocal fold nodules and considers utility functions that include the financial cost and the probability of recovery for the corresponding treatment. Maximization of the expected utilities is considered. By using this approach, the risk of having vocal fold nodules is identified for each university lecturer, so he/she can be properly assigned to the right treatment. The approach has been applied to university lecturers according to the Disease Prevention Program of the University of Extremadura. However, it can also be applied to other voice professionals (singers, speakers, coaches, actors…).
NMR Characterization of Long‐Range Contacts in Intrinsically Disordered Proteins from Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement in 13C Direct‐Detection Experiments
Authors: Mateos Borja , Konrat Robert , Pierattelli Roberta , Felli Isabella C.
Published: November 2018

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) carry out many biological functions. They lack a stable 3D structure and are able to adopt many different conformations in dynamic equilibrium. The interplay between local dynamics and global rearrangements is key for their function. A widely used experimental NMR spectroscopy approach to study long‐range contacts in IDPs exploits paramagnetic effects, and 1H detection experiments are generally used to determine paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) for amide protons. However, under physiological conditions, exchange broadening hampers the detection of solvent‐exposed amide protons, which reduces the content of information available. Herein, we present an experimental approach based on direct carbon detection of PRE that provides improved resolution, reduced sensitivity to exchange broadening, and complementary information derived from the use of different starting polarization sources.
Modified delivery of SAPIEN 3 valve in the pulmonary position: Evolution of technique or dire need?
Authors: Shahanavaz Shabana , Rockefeller Toby , Nicolas Ramzi , Balzer David
Published: November 2018

Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR) is now common practice in patients with significant pulmonary regurgitation (PR), stenosis (PS), or mixed pulmonary valve disease. While the Melody valve (Medtronic, Inc.) and its delivery system were specifically designed for use in the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT), Sapien valves (XT and S3, Edwards Lifesciences, Inc.) and their delivery systems (Novaflex and Commander) were not. As a result, placement of Sapien valves in the RVOT can be challenging secondary to the stiffness of the current delivery system. Manipulating a stiff delivery system within the RV also introduces risk to the tricuspid valve and its chordal attachments. We report a novel delivery technique for the Sapien S3 valve which has greatly simplified valve delivery into the RVOT and may potentially reduce the risk of tricuspid valve injury.
Cu−Ni−Al Spinel Oxide as an Efficient Durable Catalyst for Methanol Steam Reforming
Authors: Liu Yajie , Qing Shaojun , Hou Xiaoning , Qin Fajie , Wang Xiang , Gao Zhixian , Xiang Hongwei
Published: November 2018

Copper metal catalysts suffer from gradual loss of activity due to the agglomeration and sintering of active metals during the catalytic reaction processes. Herein, we show that enhanced catalytic durability for methanol steam reforming (MSR) can be achieved by using Ni modified Cu−Al spinel solid solution as catalysts without pre‐reduction treatment. In so doing, Cu atoms can be gradually released from spinel structure after the initiating of reaction by non‐spinel CuO entities. Incorporation of Ni in the spinel structure reveals two positive effects: slowing down the Cu releasing rate and producing even smaller Cu nanoparticles as compared to that of Cu−Al spinel. Since Ni2+ ions in spinel framework cannot be reduced during the catalytic process, we suggest that the remaining defective CuaNib□cAldO4 spinel structure plays a crucial role in stabilizing the formed Cu nanoparticles. The synthesized sample with 0.05 mol Ni per mol Cu shows the best catalytic performance as demonstrated by pretty stable activity during the long‐term catalytic testing up to 2000 h. The findings show great commercial application potentials for the production of H2 from MSR.