bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monitoring induced distributed double-couple sources using Marchenko-based virtual receivers
Authors: Brackenhoff Joeri , Thorbecke Jan , Wapenaar Kees
Published: January 2019

Abstract. We aim to monitor and characterize signals in the subsurface by combining these passive signals with recorded reflection data at the surface of the Earth. To achieve this, we propose a method to create virtual receivers from reflection data using the Marchenko method. By applying homogeneous Green’s function retrieval, these virtual receivers are then used to monitor the responses from subsurface sources. We consider monopole point sources with a symmetric source signal, where the full wavefield without artefacts in the subsurface can be obtained. Responses from more complex source mechanisms, such as double-couple sources, can also be used and provide results with comparable quality as the monopole responses. If the source signal is not symmetric in time, our technique that is based on homogeneous Green’s function retrieval provides an incomplete signal, with additional artefacts. The duration of these artefacts is limited and they are only present when the source of the signal is located above the virtual receiver. For sources along a fault rupture, this limitation is also present and more severe due to the source activating over a longer period of time. Part of the correct signal is still retrieved, as well as the source location of the signal. These aretefacts do not occur in another method which creates virtual sources as well as receivers from reflection data at the surface. This second method can be used to forecast responses to possible future induced seismicity sources (monopoles, double-couple sources and fault ruptures). This method is applied to field data, where similar results to synthetic data are achieved, which shows the potential for the application on real data signals.
Social Justice and Equity in the Japanese Education System
Authors: Liu Yu-Fei
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate how Japanese educational institutions realize social justice and enhance Japanese students’ capacity for individual self-development in the education system, particularly in upper secondary education. This study involved historical investigation based on analyzing documents, field studies, and in-depth interviews. However, due to the particular social and cultural context of Japan, the preliminary analysis conducted in this study indicated that, despite equal opportunity in education often being emphasized and discussed, social justice is rarely involved in educational policy and research. We conducted in-depth interviews with Japanese scholars to confirm and clarify this issue. Therefore, in this paper, concepts related to social justice (including factors such as educational equity, equality, and fairness) in education are explored first in the Japanese social and cultural context. Second, this paper concentrates on the relationship between social justice (including factors such as educational equity, equality, and fairness) and the capacity for self-development, and comprehensively analyzes Japan’s overall education system. Third, in the educational policies, Japanese ideas of realizing social justice and strategies for enhancing students’ capacity for individual self-development are clarified. Finally, relevant recommendations are provided in the conclusion.
EXPLICIT SOLUTION METHODS IN QUASI-STATIC ANALYSES OF RUBBER-LIKE MATERIALS
Authors: Yurdabak Volkan , Özüpek Şebnem
Published: January 2019

The use of explicit finite element methods is practical for only a limited range of bulk modulus to shear modulus ratios. As a consequence, these efficient and robust methods have not found a large range of application in the analysis of rubber-like materials. On the other hand, the implicit finite element methods, which do not have a material compressibility limitation, fail to provide a solution to many challenging nonlinear rubber problems. A systematic investigation of the bulk modulus effect on the solution of a typical class of rubber problems is carried out with the aim of providing quantitative guidance for the use of explicit methods in the quasi-static analysis of nearly incompressible media with strong nonlinearities.
Microbial Quality of Raw Beef and Chevon From Selected Markets in Cape Coast, Ghana
Authors: Yafetto Levi , Adator Emelia Hornam , Ebuako Abena Ahema , Ekloh Ephraim , Afeti Francis Yao
Published: January 2019

This study assessed microbial quality of raw beef and chevon (goat meat) from selected meat retail shops in Abura, Kotokuraba and Science markets in Cape Coast, Ghana. Stock solutions from beef and chevon were analyzed on nutrient agar, MacConkey agar, and potato dextrose agar media using microbiological procedures. Results revealed that beef from Kotokuraba market was the most contaminated with mean highest bacterial counts of 1.15x108 and 9.40x107 cfu/ml in nutrient agar and MacConkey agar media, respectively. The results further showed that chevon from Science market was the most contaminated with mean highest bacterial counts of 1.67x108 and 7.10x107 cfu/ml in nutrient agar and MacConkey agar media, respectively. Mean fungal counts in PDA medium was the least recorded for both beef and chevon from all the three markets. Comparative analyses of results suggest that chevon was more contaminated than beef from Abura market, whereas beef was more contaminated than chevon from Kotokuraba market. However, from Science market, except in MacConkey agar medium, where beef was more contaminated than chevon, chevon was more contaminated than beef in nutrient agar and PDA media. Bacteria isolated were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Nocardia spp., Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. Fungi of the genera Aspergillus, Candida, Fusarium, Penicillium, and Rhodotorula were isolated. We conclude that raw beef and chevon sold in markets in Cape Coast are contaminated by pathogenic and toxigenic microbes that may affect meat quality and consequently pose public health concerns to consumers.
Serum Melatonin Values in Normal Dogs and Dogs with Seizures
Authors: Thomovsky Stephanie Ann , Chen Annie Vivian , Deavila David M. , Kiszonas Alecia M.
Published: January 2019

Epilepsy, or recurrent seizures, is reported to be the most common neurologic condition in dogs; 20–30% of epileptic dogs are considered to be pharmacoresistent to one medication. The hormone melatonin has been shown to have significant anticonvulsant effects; epileptic humans have lower serum melatonin levels than unaffected individuals. We hypothesize that serum levels of melatonin will be lower in dogs with seizures as compared with normal dogs. Sixty-two dogs were enrolled in the study: 29 normal dogs (Group 1) and 33 dogs with seizures (Group 2). Blood sampling was done at three separate time points (8:00 a.m., 12:00, and 4:00 p.m.). The majority of dogs in Groups 1 (69%) and 2 (76%) had serum melatonin levels <0.5 pg/mL as measured by radioimmunoassay. There were no significant differences in serum melatonin values between the groups or within groups when time of blood draw, length of sample freezing, time of day/year of sampling, or presence of anticonvulsant therapy were compared. There were no notable differences in daytime serum melatonin values in normal dogs versus dogs with seizures. The majority of daytime serum melatonin levels were <0.5 pg/mL in dogs with and without seizures.
Suspected Hypercalcemia of Benignancy Associated with Canine Vaginal Leiomyoma
Authors: Stiver Shane , Laukkanen Casey , Luong Richard
Published: January 2019

Hypercalcemia was identified in a canine patient with a benign vaginal leiomyoma. Subsequent diagnostic workup did not reveal hypercalcemia of malignancy. Surgical resection of the leiomyoma resulted in a conversion to normocalcemic status. Although rare, hypercalcemia of benignancy should be considered in a patient in which hypercalcemia is identified via clinical pathology.
Mobilizing Volitional Capacities to Enhance Entrepreneurial Process
Authors: Ilouga Samuel Nyock
Published: January 2019

Volition is a psychological disposition required in the process of transforming entrepreneurial intentions into actions (Hikkerova et al., 2016). To contribute to the understanding of the role volition plays in this process, the present study tests a hypothesis currently prevailing in the literature, and which stipulates that the order of mobilization of volitional capacities is determined by the stage individuals have reached in the process of business creation and innovation. The causal track modeling (Noel, 2015) carried out in an entropic context with data collected from 103 students, 319 potential entrepreneurs and 467 active entrepreneurs eliminated the methodological constraints of a longitudinal study which is necessary in such circumstances. Our results fully support the initial hypothesis and confirm the hierarchical organization of volitional capacities throughout the entrepreneurial process; starting with self-determination, self-motivation and resistance to uncertainty at the entrepreneurial-intent initiation stage, paving the way to concentration, direction and control of action at the beginning of the implementation of the project. These factors are then relayed by personal initiative and proactivity at the time when the project is being piloted and realized.
Managerial Style – A Literature Review and Research Agenda
Authors: Lopatta Kerstin , Tideman Sebastian , Böttcher Katarina , Wichern Timm
Published: January 2019

This literature review provides an overview of existing studies in the area of managerial style and its effect on firms’ strategic decisions and performance. It highlights which managers’ characteristics have been considered as determinants for managerial style so far and provides potential avenues for future research. After analyzing the content of all articles that were published in seven top-tier journals in the area of finance and banking between 2000 and 2016, the articles on managerial style were included in this literature review and categorized according to the main manager characteristic of investigation. The paper illustrates how similar characteristics are measured differently, and how different measurements of manager’s influence the managerial style−firm strategy relationship differentially. We provide avenues for future research in the area of managerial style, that is, future research may investigate board member’s characteristics at a more aggregated level (board level). Also, future research may shed more light on the argumentation of whether managers’ individual style influences the firm’s corporate decision or whether managers endogenously choose the firm due to their individual characteristics that match with the firm’s strategy and vice versa. This study is interesting for firms that aim to find a manager or director who fits well to its own strategy. Although there is a rapidly growing literature on managerial style, there is yet no literature review that analysis research themes and strings on managerial style in finance journals.
Attitudes Toward and Implications of the Computer-Based Exams at Arab American University of Palestine
Authors: Abualrob Marwan M. A. , Asad Nizar A. A. , Abu Daqar Mohannad A. M.
Published: January 2019

We examine the computer-based exams system at Arab American University-Palestine in terms of teacher and student attitudes as well as the quality of the test items. A three-pronged approach to data collection was used. First, we elicited answers to questionnaires from 704 faculty and student respondents. Second, we conducted eight individual interviews with students and instructors, as well as three focus groups—each comprising 8–10 students—from different majors in the university. Third, we had access to the records of the registrar on the grades of students in different years prior to and after introducing the system. We utilized descriptive statistics to examine the quantitative data and qualitative methods to analyze the interviews. The results suggested that the attitudes of instructors and students, as well as the quality of the exams were not adequately considered by AAUP when it introduced the computer-based exams system. We found significant differences between grades prior to and after adopting the system; yet the changes are not necessarily positive, at least from an academic point of view.
Fuzzy Logic and Back-Propagation Neural Networks for Optimal Performance
Authors: Al-Refaie Abbas , Fouad Rami , Athamneh Raed
Published: January 2019

Thus far, the Taguchi technique is found only efficient in obtaining the combination of optimal factor settings when a single product/process response is considered. In today’s dynamic environment, customers are interested in multiple quality responses. This research, therefore, utilizes fuzzy logic and backward-propagation neural networks (BPNNs) to optimize process performance for products of multiple quality responses. In this research, quality characteristics are transformed to signal to noise (S/N) ratios, which are then used as inputs to a fuzzy model to obtain a single common output measure (COM). Next, BPNNs are employed to obtain full-factorial experimental data. Finally, the combination of factor levels that maximizes the average COM value is chosen as the optimal combination. Three case studies are provided for illustration; in all of which the proposed approach provided the largest total anticipated improvement. This indicates that the proposed approach is more efficient than Taguchi-fuzzy, grey-Taguchi, and Taguchi-utility methods. In conclusion, the fuzzy-BPNN approach may greatly assist process/product engineers in optimizing performance with multiple responses in a wide range of business applications.
Multi-Objective Optimization of the Dressing Parameters in Fine Cylindrical Grinding
Authors: Aleksandrova Irina Stefanova
Published: January 2019

The optimum conditions of dressing grinding wheels determined and recommended in the literature are valid only for particular types and tools of dressing and grinding. In this paper an attempt has been made to optimize the dressing system parameters in fine cylindrical grinding. To define the optimum values of dressing process variables (radial in-feed of diamond roller dresser , dressing speed ratio , dress-out time , diamond roller dresser grit size/grinding wheel grit size ratio , type of synthetic diamonds and direction of dressing) a multi-objective optimization has been performed based on genetic algorithm. In the capacity of optimization parameter a generalized geometric-mean utility function has been chosen which appears to be a complex indicator characterizing the roughness and accuracy of the ground surface, grinding wheel lifetime and the manufacturing net costs of grinding operation. The optimization problem has been solved in the following sequence: 1) a model of the generalized utility function has been created reflecting the complex effect of dressing system parameters; 2) the optimum conditions of uni-directional and counter-directional dressing of aluminium oxide grinding wheels by experimental diamond roller dressers of synthetic diamonds of АС32 and АС80 types and different grit size have been determined at which the generalized utility function has a maximum; 3) Pareto optimum solution has been found (frd=0.2 mm/min; qd=0.8; td=4.65 s; qg=2.56), which guarantees the best combination between roughness and deviation from cylindricity of the ground surface, grinding wheel lifetime and the manufacturing net costs of grinding operation.
Tradition and Innovation in Textile Technology in Bronze Age Europe and the Mediterranean
Authors: Ulanowska Agata , Siennicka Małgorzata
Published: January 2019

The papers collected in the present volume of the ‘Światowit’ journal examine developments in textile production in Bronze and Iron Age Europe and the Mediterranean by tracing both traditional and innovative elements in textile technology. The issue comprises 11 original contributions that resulted from the session ‘Tradition and Innovation in Textile Technology in Bronze Age Europe and the Mediterranean’ organised in 2016 by Agata Ulanowska and Małgorzata Siennicka during the 22nd Annual Meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists in Vilnius. The papers discuss available archaeological evidence of textiles, textile imprints, textile tools and textile iconography, as well as botanical and faunal remains related to textile manufacture and dyeing. The papers examine the types of social relations and cultural and economic processes which may have enhanced developments in textile technology and impacted on cross-cultural transmission of textile knowledge and skills in the Bronze and Iron Ages.
To Dye or Not to Dye: Bioarchaeological Studies of Hala Sultan Tekke Site, Cyprus
Authors: Kofel Dominika
Published: January 2019

Dated to the Late Bronze Age (Late Cypriot II: 1450–1200 BC and Late Cypriot III: 1200–1050 BC), the site of Hala Sultan Tekke brought to light interesting evidence of textile production and possible fabric dyeing. Finds of loom weights and spindle whorls together with remains of dyer’s croton (Chrozophora tinctoria), field gromwell (Buglossoides arvensis syn. Lithospermum arvense), and shells of murex allow opening a discussion over the methods and reasons for undertaking the time and cost-consuming procedure of dye production. The present article, through an examination of finds and an analysis of plant macrofossils and molluscs, tests a hypothesis of textile dyeing at the Late Cypriot city of Dromolaxia Vizatzia.
Technical Innovation in Processing of Flax Yarn Production in the Northwest of the Iberian Peninsula: The Spinning Bowl
Authors: Ruiz de Haro María Irene
Published: January 2019

In space, the Castreña culture was located in the north-western part of the Iberian Peninsula, whereas in time it stretched from the Late Bronze Age to the beginning of the Roman period. This study focuses specifically on the invention and use of the spinning bowl in the Castreña culture. Theoretical and conceptual tools will enable tackling this item with a rigid research methodology and help answer the question of why the invention of the spinning bowl and the innovations in processing of flax yarn production occurred, and how they were transmitted to other areas in the forms of innovation or technical loan. To explain its presence within the limits of this geography and chronology, the use of Linum usitatissimum L. is discussed. This specific raw material is closely related to the entire innovation process on the one hand, and on the other opens an avenue for research into its function within the technical chain of the creation of linen thread or yarn.
A Comb or a Loom? An Attempt at Interpretation of the Szemud Urn Image
Authors: Przymorska-Sztuczka Magdalena
Published: January 2019

Combs belong to characteristic motifs appearing on face urns from the Pomeranian culture. They are usually presented in the simplest way – in the form of several vertical lines coming from one horizontal line situated mostly in the central part of the urn. Archaeologists studying the Pomeranian culture accept an interpretation that all images comprised of vertical lines are combs (Dzięgielewski 2007: 183). The article presents another way of interpreting the engraving from the Szemud urn which has been assumed to depict a comb. As it has been discussed, both the image itself (extremely long comb teeth) and the structural position of the image (directly under a face image) are not typical. The author suggests that it is rather a depiction of a vertical warp-weighted loom, as evidenced by other images known from Europe (e.g. Sopron, Bologna) dated to the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age.
Wool Textiles from the Roman Period at the Site of Grudna, Poland
Authors: Grupa Małgorzata
Published: January 2019

In October 2012, the Conservation Laboratory of
the Institute of Archaeology at the NCU in Toruń received
soil samples excavated from a kurgan in Grudna,
Złotów commune, dated to the Roman period. No human
remains were reported inside the grave chamber
apart from some elements of grave goods: a glass bead,
a clay spindle whorl, three iron nails, fragments of a bone
pin, bronze and iron chest fittings, and a bronze vessel
with a stamp of Pubius Cipius Polybius, who was active
around the first half of the 1st century AD. In result of
a cleaning treatment removing all soil impurities, tiny
textile fragments were obtained, which were, interestingly, made of woollen fibres in sprang technique, while
some of them imitated gauze (known in later periods) but
were manufactured in a plain 1/1 weave. Technological
analysis of the fibres revealed their high quality with average
fibre thickness ranging from 8 to 18 μm. Insufficient
material base for these textiles in Poland does not give
a convincing answer to a basic question of whether it
was an import or local production. Studies on the subject
performed by European researchers, most notably
J. Maik, indicate local or North European production.
Hopefully, more light will be shed on this problem by
further comparative studies.
The amendment of the Act on the National Court Register and the security of business transactions
Authors: Długosz Dorota
Published: January 2019

The purpose of these article is to analyze the amendment of the Act on the National Court Register from 26.01.2018 in terms of the impact of the amended legislation on the security of business transactions (The Amendment Act is an element of the package of laws called the Business Constitution). The article presents crucial changes in the above-mentioned legislation and tends to answer the question what kind of impact those changes can have on the legal certainty and security of contracting. The analysis leads to the conclusion that the direction of changes corresponds with the latest trends and needs and should be assessed positively. In particular, this applies to changes aimed at facilitating access to information in the register and in foreign registers.
PARTNERS’ OF A LIMITED PARTNERSHIP LEGAL POSITION
Authors: Grzebiela Klaudia
Published: January 2019

The main purpose of this article is to present the role and position of partners in a limited partnership. The growing interest in choosing this organizational and legal form is due to its specificity. A limited partnership allows shaping the rights and obligations of the company’s partners, who are divided into two groups: general partners and limited partners. The reason for different legal nature of these entities who are relative to each other should be noticed. Furthermore their liability for the company’s liabilities is shaped differently, as well as the issue of running company’s affairs and its representation. Currently a common type of limited partnership called Limited Liability Limited Partnerships (LLLP), wherein Limited Liability Company as a legal person becomes the general partner. This legal solution is beneficial for its partners. In doctrine is considered as an atypical legal company.
Clarifying Incoherence in Games
Authors: Hogenbirk Hugo Dirk , Van de Hoef Marries , Meyer John-Jules Charles
Published: January 2019

In this paper we will analyze the concept of incoherency that has been put forward by Jesper Juul in Half-Real (2005). Juul provides a paradigmatic example of an incoherency in the game Donkey Kong. The main character of the narrative, Mario, can die and subsequently reappear at the beginning of the level. However, when pressed to describe the narrative of the game, most players would not say that Mario ever died. The respawn is attributed to the game rules instead. Juul calls this phenomenon an incoherency of the game’s fictional world. We claim that the precise nature of the concept of incoherency is unclear, and that Juul's connection between incoherency and contradictions is incorrect. Furthermore, we argue that Wesp incorrectly identifies the concept with 'incompleteness' in his response to Juul (Wesp, 2014). Our clarification argues that what is noteworthy in 'incoherency' is not some aspect of the fictional world, like it being contradictory or incomplete, but how the player interprets the fiction. Subsequently, we provide an explanation for what underlies an incoherency by adopting the principle of charity (Davidson 1973). Lastly we discuss how a proper understanding of incoherency can help game designers and how it relates to ludonarrative dissonance (Hocking, 2009).
The Compatibility of Games and Artworks
Authors: Ridge Michael
Published: January 2019

This discussion note is a response to Brock Rough’s “The Incompatibility of Games and Artworks”.  (Rough, 2017) http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/jpg.2736
Response to Michael Ridge
Authors: Rough Brock
Published: January 2019

This discussion note is a response to Michael Ridge’s “The Compatibility of Games and Artworks”.  (Rough, 2017) http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/jpg.5915
Introduction to the First Issue
Authors: Sageng John R.
Published: January 2019

Editorial introduction to the first issue.
Simultaneous Determination of Curcumin and Resveratrol in Lipidic Nanoemulsion Formulation and Rat Plasma Using HPLC: Optimization and Application to Real Samples
Authors: Nasr Maha , Abdel Rahman Mona Hamdy
Published: January 2019

Background: Curcumin and resveratrol are naturally occurring polyphenols that are highly effective in inhibiting the growth of cancer cells. A robust reversed-phase HPLC method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of these two natural drugs. Objective: The method was adapted to analyze both drugs in pure forms, in lipidic nanoemulsion formulation as well as in rat plasma. The method was applied to real samples after intravenous (IV) injection of rats. Method: Analysis utilized C18 column using acetonitrile (ACN)–water (pH adjusted to 4.6 by 1% orthophosphoric acid) in the ratio of 55+45 (v/v) at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min with detection at 425 and 304 nm for curcumin and resveratrol, respectively. Results: Extraction efficiency of curcumin and resveratrol using ACN–methanol was 96.10–101.00% (RSD 2.49) and 95.00–99.87% (RSD 2.59), respectively. The assay was linear from 0.05 to 4.00 μg/mL (correlation coefficient of 0.9989 and 0.9981, respectively) and precise [average interday and intraday precision for curcumin RSD% (0.45, 2.04) and resveratrol RSD% (2.25, 1.71)] in spiked rat plasma. The LOD and LOQ were found to be (0.0085 μg/mL, 0.025 μg/mL) and (0.02, 0.06), respectively. Conclusions: The data presented demonstrate that the method provides rapid, sensitive, and precise determination of curcumin and resveratrol in spiked rat plasma and in nanoemulsion dosage form without tedious cleanup procedure, which was successfully applied for quantitation of both drugs following their IV administration to albino rats. Highlights: Validated chromatographic method has been developed for simultaneous determination of curcumin and resveratrol. Optimization of chromatographic conditions was achieved. Application of the method on nanoemulsion formula, on spiked rat plasma, and pharmacokinetics study.
Specific Identification of the Adulterated Components in Beef or Mutton Meats Using Multiplex PCR
Authors: Li Xinnan , Guan Yifu
Published: January 2019

Background: The fraudulent substitution of cheap and low-quality meat for expensive and good-quality meats to gain profit is a common practice in industries worldwide. Adulteration of fox, raccoon, or mink in commercial beef and mutton meat in the supermarket has become a serious problem. Objective: To ensure the meat quality and safety, we have developed a multiplex PCR method to identify the fox, mink, and raccoon components adulterated in beef or mutton with very low detection limits. Methods: PCR primers were designed and tested by examining the size of PCR product, the nuclease digestion products, and DNA sequencing. Results: After primer interference tests, we have established a double PCR method that can clearly identify fox, mink, or raccoon components in beef meat and mutton meat at the 1% (w/w) level. Triplex PCR and quadruple PCR have been also developed, which are able to identify any two types of components or three mixed components in beef meat unambiguously. Conclusions: We have developed multiplex PCR systems. The duplex PCR systems can identify one component (fox, raccoon, or mink) adulterated in beef meat or mutton meat without question, and triplex PCR and quadruple PCR can discriminate two components and three components adulterated in beef meat. Highlights: These methods are convenient, low-cost, highly specific and reliable, and of a great value for meat quality control and food safety quarantine.
Evaluation of the Use of Microtracers™ in a Proficiency Testing Program
Authors: Thiex Nancy , Carlson Mark , Kieffer Robert , Kieffer Amy , Eisenberg David , Barashkov Nikolay , Ramsey Charles
Published: January 2019

Background: An effective proficiency testing program must utilize accurate splitting procedures to ensure that customers receive equivalent (by some measure) test items. When test items are not equivalent, it becomes impossible to separate variation among laboratories from variation among test items, and the program cannot achieve its objectives. Therefore, there is a critical need to validate the splitting process used to manufacture test items. Objective: The incorporation of MicrotracersTM was investigated for validating the splitting process used in the Association of American Feed Control Officials Proficiency Testing Program and as a potential quality control event for a production run. Methods: Microtracers were incorporated into six production runs. From each run, 12 test items were randomly selected for evaluation. Proficiency test materials were prepared from commercially available feedstuffs using base animal feeds and feed additives. The tracers were incorporated into base feed with other additives, recovered, and counted from the randomly selected test items. Results: Uniformity of test items was evaluated with the following two statistical methods: (1) relative standard deviation (RSD) of particle counts according to a Poisson distribution and (2) a Pearson’s Chi-square test. RSDs for counts (per mass basis) ranged from 2.49 to 4.13%, and Chi-square P values ranged from 0.0097 to 0.3740 over the six sets. Conclusions: Microtracers were determined to be a potential tool for validating the splitting process used to manufacture proficiency test items and a tool for incorporating quality control events into the manufacture of proficiency test items. Highlights: The authors offer suggestions for proficiency testing programs.
Low amplitude and high frequency mechanical stimulation does not affect directly cell differentiation during bone healing
Authors: González Torres Libardo Andrés , Alonso Stephany De Camilo e , Meireles Agnes Batista
Published: January 2019

Bone fractures has high incidence and despite its relevance and frequency, some bone healing process features are still unknown. In this work, it is computationally investigated the influence of low amplitude and high frequency mechanical stimulation on cell differentiation during bone healing, using a cell differentiation theory that relates two mechanical variables (strain and flow velocity of interstitial fluid) with the cell fate. For this purpose, a finite element model was developed to study three hypothetical situations, to determine in which proportion external stimulation influences bone healing. Firstly, the mechanical stimulus was computed as 20% of external mechanical stimulus and 80% of the stimulus during gait. Secondly, it was considered 50% external mechanical stimulus and 50% gait stimulus. Finally, it was considered a proportion of 80% external mechanical stimulus and 20% gait stimulus. The results indicated that hypothesis considering high proportions of external stimulation results in unreal delayed healing process and the first hypothetical situation proved to be that which best represents the real process. From the results obtained, it was concluded that external mechanical stimulation does not affected directly cell differentiation during bone healing. Thus, other processes such as flow of oxygen, nutrients or wastes must be considered.
Spray drying of the buriti pulp at different maltodextrin concentrations and temperature
Authors: Gomes Wolia Costa , Figueirêdo Rossana Maria Feitosa , Queiroz Alexandre José de Melo , Rodrigues Alyson da Luz Pereira , Cruz Glauber , Mendes Villis Paulo Cesar
Published: January 2019

In this work, the formulations prepared with buriti pulp and different maltodextrin concentrations (5, 10 and 15%) were dried in spray dryer and the chemical, physical and physical-chemical characteristics of the formulations and powder samples were evaluated. In this drying process two kinds of powder samples were collected: one into drying chamber and another in the cyclone. Using a factorial experimental planning, the experiments were conducted, in order to assess the moisture and ash contents, total acidity and density of both samples. The formulations dried in the spray dryer presented be feasible for the production of buriti pulp powder; however, powder samples collected into drying chamber and cyclone were different. Among the parameters analysed, it was found that only for density the samples collected into drying chamber, that the first-order empirical model obtained was statistically significant and predictive.
Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of urban afforest in the central district of Salto-SP
Authors: Giacomini Luciana Aparecida , Rodrigues Karina Squincalha , Salvetti Rodrigo Artur Perino
Published: January 2019

Initially populated by Guayana Indians in the early years of the 17th century, the downtown area of Salto, located in the country of the state of São Paulo, Brazil, has great historical-cultural value and preserves a lush green area. In order to map and assess the afforestation of this area, a census-type survey was carried out from February to September 2017, evaluating all individuals available: trees, shrubs and palm trees planted on sidewalks and flowerbeds. Specimens of all individuals were collected, photographed and georeferenced, and exsicates were assembled to identify the species. The results showed a total of 1,240 individuals belonging to the 35 botanical families, being 39,68% (n=492) native and 60,32% (n=748) exotic. The problems encountered are related to the lack of planning in the street infrastructure, in which 688 individuals are in cemented areas, 232 individuals damaged the sidewalk, 138 have no room for growth and 229 have the canopy in contact with the wiring. This data demonstrates that the afforestation present in this site requires management and lacks infrastructure.
Model rainfall-runoff in the constraints Amazon
Authors: Casavecchia Bruno Henrique , Almeida Frederico Terra de , Souza Adilson Pacheco de , Zolin Cornélio Alberto , Uliana Eduardo Morgan , Marques Adriana
Published: January 2019

The aim of this study was based on different samples of settings for calibration and validation of IPH II model, using limited historical series of data of daily average water flow registered in Caiabi river hydrologic basin, a tributary stream of Teles Pires river- Mato Grosso. The total area of the study location is 440.98 km2, and there were installed three meteorological automatic stations for climate monitoring, and one linigraph in the basin end for monitoring the altimetric quotas and also to estimate the daily water flow of the river. The precipitation data, evapotranspiration and water flow used to feed the IPH II model were collected between 09/18/2015 and 04/30/2016, using sixty percent of the initial historical data to calibrate and forty percent to validate the model has shown better statistic performance, however rearranging the data and establishing the sixty percent of the central data for the calibration was verified that there was an increase in the statistical performance of the model making the simulations of the IPH II model were successful. It was indicated by the results that the sample methodology for calibration of hydrologic models can bring substantial improvement to the performance
Investigar en cárceles. Apuntes para futuros científicos sociales
Authors: Viedma Rojas Antonio , Del Val Cid Consuelo , Callejo Gallego Javier
Published: January 2019

Este documento es el resultado de una reflexión sobre las posibilidades y dificultades de la observación social empírica en la cárcel, desde la preocupación por la enseñanza de la metodología sociológica aplicada a las titulaciones universitarias de criminología. Lo aquí expuesto se apoya en la experiencia práctica que los autores han acumulado a través de múltiples estudios realizados en España y en distintos países de Iberoamérica. Una primera versión del texto fue creada para ser utilizada como apuntes prácticos de investigación para estudiantes de criminología que comenzaban su formación y no tenían por tanto experiencia profesional en este campo de estudio. A esa versión se le han introducido las adaptaciones oportunas para que pueda ser utilizado de manera más general por investigadores y estudiantes de ciencias sociales que necesiten una guía básica de diseño y ejecución de proyectos de investigación social en cárceles. El texto tiene una orientación didáctica, es una propuesta que ofrece claves para mejorar la enseñanza y aplicación de la metodología de investigación en los sistemas penitenciarios.This article is the result of a reflection on the possibilities and difficulties of empirical social observation in prison, from the perspective of sociological methodology teaching applied to university degrees in criminology. What is here exposed is based on the practical experience accumulated by the authors via multiple studies carried out in Spain and in different Ibero-American countries. A first draft of this text was created with the purpose of being used as practical research notes for students of criminology who began their training and had no professional experience in this field of study. This version has been adapted, so that it may be used generally by researchers and students of social sciences who need a basic guide to the design and execution of social research projects in prisons. The paper assumes a didactic orientation; it is a proposal that offers guidelines to improve the teaching and application of the research methodology in the penitentiary systems.
LISTADO DE EVALUADORES/AS 2018
Authors: Canales Serrano Antonio Francisco
Published: January 2019

Listado de evaluadores y evaluadoras a lo largo del año 2018
Los difíciles años cuarenta para el exilio republicano de 1939
Authors: De Hoyos Puente Jorge
Published: January 2019

Este artículo explora las principales dificultades que debieron afrontar las organizaciones políticas en el exilio durante la década de los años cuarenta del siglo XX. En ese periodo, los partidos y organizaciones sindicales debieron digerir la derrota republicana y la pérdida de  expectativas de un retorno factible a corto plazo. El exilio republicano se vio sometido a tensiones internas y externas que condicionaron su proceso de integración en los países de origen y sus expectativas de regreso a España. Para comprender este proceso, el artículo se centra en la evolución política del exilio en su conjunto, atendiendo a sus principales puntos de fricción durante esta década clave en su devenir histórico. La hipótesis de partida del trabajo trata de mostrar cómo la profunda disparidad de criterios existentes en el seno de las organizaciones a la hora de configurar una respuesta coordinada y unitaria frente al franquismo contribuyó a debilitar las opciones de influir en una acción de lucha eficaz contra la dictadura. Para ello, analizaremos esta pluralidad, así como los factores internacionales que condicionaron la lucha antifranquista desde el exilio en el periodo abordado.
Dos documentos educativo-culturales del anarquismo libertario en el exilio francés (1945)
Authors: Viñao Frago Antonio
Published: January 2019

En este texto se presentan, contextualizan, comentan y transcriben dos folletos sobre temas educativo-culturales, fechados en 1945, producidos y editados por el anarquismo libertario español en el exilio francés. El primero de ellos, los Ensayos sobre Organización de la Educación Nacional, fue escrito por el maestro freinetista José de Tapia y Bujalance (1896-1989). Del segundo, la Memoria del Congreso de Federaciones Locales celebrado en París del 1º al 12 de mayo de 1945, se transcriben solo el «Dictamen correspondiente al apartado f) del Punto 9 que trata del orden cultural y de educación nacional», y el «Dictamen correspondiente al punto 22 que trata del Control de Prensa y Propaganda (con carácter circunstancial)»
Pilar Munárriz Sánchez y Luis Leal Crespo, dos profesores al exilio. Desde Girona a Caracas
Authors: Marqués i Sureda Salomó
Published: January 2019

El documento ofrece parte de las memorias inéditas escritas en Caracas por la maestra e Inspectora de primera enseñanza Pilar Munarriz. Ejerció de inspectora en las provincias de Girona y Álava. Las memorias las escribió el año de la muerte de su marido Luís Leal Crespo, profesor en la escuela Normal de La Laguna, Oviedo y Girona. Cuando Cataluña fue ocupada por las tropas rebeldes el matrimonio se exilió a Francia. Posteriormente marcharon a la República Dominicana donde Leal continuó trabajando en el campo de la enseñanza. De la dictadura de Trujillo tuvieron que marchar por presiones políticas estableciéndose en Caracas. En la capital venezolana Leal ejerció en diferentes colegios dirigidos por colegas y amigos republicanos exiliados. Finalmente creó su propia obra: el Colegio Leal. Las memorias de Munarriz permiten conocer la vida familiar de un matrimonio de maestros en el exilio, su labor profesional y los avatares políticos que marcaron su vida, tanto en Santo Domingo como en Venezuela.
Standardskabelon for artikler
Authors: Forum for Idræt Redaktionen
Published: January 2019

I forbindelse med indsendelse af artikler til Forum for Idræt anbefaler redaktionen, at forfatterne anvender denne skabelon til at skrive i. De nærmere instruktioner fremgår af dokumentet, der kan downloades til brug for forberedelse af manuskriptet.
TRIM28 promotes HIV-1 latency by SUMOylating CDK9 and inhibiting P-TEFb
Authors: Ma Xiancai , Yang Tao , Luo Yuewen , Wu Liyang , Jiang Yawen , Song Zheng , Pan Ting , Liu Bingfeng , Liu Guangyan , Liu Jun , Yu Fei , He Zhangping , Zhang Wanying , Yang Jinyu , Liang Liting , Guan Yuanjun , Zhang Xu , Li Linghua , Cai Weiping , Tang Xiaoping , Gao Song , Deng Kai , Zhang Hui
Published: January 2019

Comprehensively elucidating the molecular mechanisms of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) latency is a priority to achieve a functional cure. As current 'shock' agents failed to efficiently reactivate the latent reservoir, it is important to discover new targets for developing more efficient latency-reversing agents (LRAs). Here, we found that TRIM28 potently suppresses HIV-1 expression by utilizing both SUMO E3 ligase activity and epigenetic adaptor function. Through global site-specific SUMO-MS study and serial SUMOylation assays, we identified that P-TEFb catalytic subunit CDK9 is significantly SUMOylated by TRIM28 with SUMO4. The Lys44, Lys56 and Lys68 residues on CDK9 are SUMOylated by TRIM28, which inhibits CDK9 kinase activity or prevents P-TEFb assembly by directly blocking the interaction between CDK9 and Cyclin T1, subsequently inhibits viral transcription and contributes to HIV-1 latency. The manipulation of TRIM28 and its consequent SUMOylation pathway could be the target for developing LRAs.
THE FIRE DETECTORS ARRANGEMENT IN ROOMS WITH NO STANDARD GEOMETRY
Authors: Jevtić Radoje
Published: January 2019

Fire protection systems present one of the most important systems of the object protection systems and they consists many different parts connecting in one unique system. One of those parts is fire detector. Detector presents one of the main elements of all real time systems that collecting data by measuring material and energetic changes of supervised occurrence. One of the most important tasks in projection of fire system is the type and arrangement of detectors in object. These tasks are regulated by proper standards. But, there are special cases, such as rooms with no standard geometry, where deviations are necessary and possible. This paper presents simulation check of smoke detectors arrangement in room with no standard geometry.
Key words: fire, detector, simulation, arrangement, geometry
.
MOBILE PHONES AND CHILDREN
Authors: Stankovic Vladimir , Jovanovic Dejan , Krstic Dejan , Markovic Vera , Cvetkovic Nenad
Published: January 2019

Daily use of wireless devices, especially mobile phones, has caused great concern among the public about the possible health effects of electromagnetic radiation to which the users of these devices,
primarily children, are exposed. This paper summarizes the habit of using mobile phones by children and teenagers and its connection with
possible harmful biological effects of electromagnetic radiation of
these devices. This paper describes the procedure of creating models of adult and child heads that are used for numerical calculation of electromagnetic field penetration and the absorbed energy. As we know, the human body consists of many different tissues and organs, so each of them needs to be described by the appropriate electromagnetic characteristics.
Key words:
mobile phone, electromagnetic characteristics of tissues,
model of child head, specific absorption rate
MODELING OF GAS EXPANSION IN GARAGES
Authors: Šrekl Jože
Published: January 2019

When changing cars’ fuel (hydrogen, methane, oil gas), the demands for safe garages for one car in dwelling buildings are being changed, too. It is necessary to know and understand the expansion of gases in the circumstances of unexpected gas escape to establish the
safety rules. With the help of a model garage (1 : 10) we use an
experiment to find out the expansion of gases or the concentration on
separate measuring points. We measured the concentration of argon, helium and the mixture of hydrogen and argon, methane and argon.
We observed the filling and the emptying of the enclosure – model
garage. According to the results, we got with the measuring, we
searched out suitable mathematical curves, which would well enough list the enlargement of concentration at separate measuring points. We are still looking for a connection between the parameters of the curves, the parameters of measuring and the conditions of the experiments. We will be able to find a suitable safety protection if we know the behaviour of the gases in a concrete closed room.
Key words: mathematical model, gas expansion, safety in a garage.
THE ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Ilić-Petković Aleksandra , Ilić-Krstić Ivana
Published: January 2019

Environmental law, as a developing branch of legal science, has been gaining in importance recently. As such, its primary task is to examine, define and clearly determine a number of terms in the field of
environmental protection. Parallel to this, environmental law has
another, seemingly even more important task at this point, which is to
offer adequate legal solutions to prevent and stop further
environmental degradation, as it is a burning issue in the present time.
Sustainable development and environmental law are inseparably
associated. Legal acts shall regulate the rules of conduct, among other
things, in the field of environmental protection and sustainable
development. There is a large number of international and national regulations which deal with the issue of sustainable development. As people obey legal regulations, either from their own beliefs about the correctness of behavior that a legal act requires, or out of fear of sanctions that can follow, it is clear that the regulations in the field of sustainable development represent a very important means which can act as a powerful corrective to undesirable behavior towards the environment.
Key words: environmental law, sustainable development, legislation,
environmental protection.