bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New genetic diversity of winter two-row barley lines resistant to Loose smut Ustilago nuda (Jensen) Rostrup
Authors:   Agricultural Academy, Institute of Agriculture – Karnobat, Popova Toshka , Valcheva Darina ,   Agricultural Academy, Institute of Agriculture – Karnobat
Published: December 2023

The creation of resistant barley cultivars leads to reduction in direct yield losses and limits the accumulation of infection in crops. Studies of new genetic plasma make it possible to find forms that can serve as starting material for the creation of a future disease-resistant cultivar. In the period 2012/2014, in competitive variety experiments, perspective lines of winter two-row barley resistant to loose smut (Ustilago nuda (Jensen) Rostrup) were studied. The experiment was based on the method of the Latin rectangle, with a plot of 10 sq m, in four repetitions, with standards Obzor, Emon and Kaskadyor 3. The yield was reported and the results were statistically processed. Grain quality was determined on the basis of the following indicators: 1000-grain weight (g) by weight method, uniformity 1st class (%), expressed as the ratio of the weight of grains remaining on sorting sieves 2.8 mm wide and 2.5 mm to the total weight in a sample of 100 g, protein content (%) (Kjeldahl method), extract content (%) according to EBC (1998). The relationship between grain yield and quality in perspective lines resistant to loose smut (Ustilago nuda (Jensen) Rostrup) was studied by correlation and principle component analysis using software SPSS 19.0 and Statgraf 2.1. As a result, winter barley lines resistant to loose smut (Ustilago nuda (Jensen) Rostrup) were created. Perspective lines PG 4480, PG 4447 and PG 4628 combine resistance to loose smut (Ustilago nuda (Jensen) Rostrup), high productivity and grain quality. They can be successfully used in the barley breeding program as parent components for creating new cultivars.
Study of main chemical indicators nicotine, total sugar and total nitrogen in tobacco lines of Krumovgrad ecotype
Authors:   Agricultural Academy, Tobacco and Tobacco Products Institute, Markovo, Bulgaria, Spasova-Apostolova Velichka , Kasheva Maria ,   Agricultural Academy, Tobacco and Tobacco Products Institute, Markovo, Bulgaria, Masheva Veselina ,   Agricultural Academy, Institute of Plant Genetic Resources “K. Malkov”, Sadovo, Bulgaria, Radev Zheko ,   Agricultural Academy, Tobacco and Tobacco Products Institute, Markovo, Bulgaria
Published: December 2023

Dry tobacco quality determined by the content of the main chemical indicators nicotine, total sugars, total nitrogen and the ratio between them. Strengthening regulations by the World Health Organization (WHO) to the chemical composition of tobacco, define the need to create a suitable breeding material. During the period 2020- 2022 in the Accredited Тesting Laboratory Complex at TTPI were determined the values of the main chemical indicators - nicotine, total sugars and total nitrogen in the first and second class dry tobacco from four oriental tobacco lines of the Krumovgrad ecotype, studied in the conditions on an experimental field (EF) - in Markovo village. Two controls from the Krumovgrad ecotype - variety Krumovgrad 90 and from the Eastern Balkan ecotype - variety Elenski 817 were used. The results show, the highest percentage of total nitrogen and nicotine, and respectively the lowest of total sugars, were reported in harvest for the 2021, characterized by higher average monthly temperatures and less rainfall during the plants vegetation period. According to the nicotine indicator, the studied lines (except for line 73) have average values between the two controls for harvests in the 2021 and 2022. The highest percentage of nicotine in 2020 and 2021, and an average of the three experimental years was reported in line 71, and the lowest in line 70. The lowest variation of the studied chemical indicators was established in line 71. The studied lines are valuable breeding material corresponding to the diverse needs of the tobacco industry.
Identification of sunflower seed pathogens and their effect on seed germination against the background of plant damage by Septoria leaf spot
Authors:   Institute of Oilseed Crops of NAAS, Zaporozhye, Ukraine, Levitskaya Kristina , Lyakh Viktor ,   Institute of Oilseed Crops of NAAS, Zaporozhye, Ukraine,   Zaporozhye National University, Zaporozhye, Ukraine, Afanasieva Oksana ,   Institute of Plant Protection of NAAS, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2023

Many pathogens spread with sunflower seeds, which later cause plant diseases. The aim of our work was to isolate and identify sunflower seed pathogens and to investigate their effect on the germination of seeds that were formed on plants with different degrees of damage by Septoria leaf spot. Field germination of seeds was analyzed on a stationary artificial infectious background in 2020–2021, and laboratory germination and phytopathological analysis – out in laboratory conditions in 2021. All four experimental samples were found to be infected with seed infection, and the level of pathogen infection ranged from 5% to 75%. The isolated pathogens belonged to the genera Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Mucor, Rhizopus, Trichoderma and Penicillium. A bacterial infection was also detected. Most pathogens were found on seeds that were formed on plants affected by Septoria leaf spot. The main pathogens here were representatives of the genera Alternaria with infection from 45% to 75%, Cladosporim – 10% and bacterial infection – from 15% to 25%. The smallest number of pathogens was isolated on the seeds of healthy plants. Seed samples, both in the field and in the laboratory, differed significantly in terms of germination. It was found that the highest level of seed infection with various pathogens was characteristic of samples with low germination. The presence of the Alternaria pathogen had a negative effect on seed germination. No infection of sunflower seeds with Septoria leaf spot was detected, despite the high level of damage by this disease to the plants on which it was formed
Customs binding information decisions according to the law of Canada: peculiarities and lessons for European countries
Authors: Petrosian Viktor
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this research is to determine the peculiarities of the legal framework for scope of subject matter and rules for issuing, modification or revocation of customs advance rulings (customs binding information decisions) from the point of view of prospects of their implementation by European countries to further improve the effectiveness of this mean of customs administration within their jurisdictions. The methodological basis of the study comprises of comparative review methods as well as systematic review methods and standard techniques of text analysis with their due adjustment to legislative material. Results: the author studied Canadian legislation making provision for the scope of matters for national customs ruling (customs binding information decisions), the grounds and legal consequences of their modification and revocation or cancellation, including their ultra-active use through postponement of the effective date of the modification or revocation, as well as the procedure for publishing of national customs rulings for ensuring the uniformity of the conclusions of customs authorities expressed in them. The particular attention is attached to those rules and regulations that could serve as a comparative legal basis for the improvement of parts of customs legislation of European countries, which concern customs binding information decisions. Conclusions: in light of the purpose of this research of particular interest are the Canadian legislative solutions concerning: 1) establishing the need for the applicant to indicate in his application for the issuance of a national customs ruling, whether to the best of their knowledge the respective issue was the subject of another/separate request for a national customs ruling, administrative or judicial appeal, which are as grounds for suspending (postponing) consideration of the request for the issuance of a national customs ruling; 2) the grounds for the occurrence of retrospective legal consequences of the modification or revocation of a national customs ruling in relation to goods imported into the customs territory before its modification or revocation; 3) determination for the purposes of ultra-active use (postponement of the effective date of the modification or revocation) of the national customs ruling, which exactly is considered to be the evidence of reliance on the national customs ruling in good faith; 4) formation of a publicly available online repository of national customs rulings to promote the uniformity and transparency of customs administration, as well as the introduction of information and telecommunication tools for submission of requests for national customs rulings, their further implementation, as well as for notification of interested parties regarding changes in their status and other issues, relating to the circulation of national customs rulings.
The 1974 Constitution of SFR Yugoslavia: certain content aspects
Authors: Popovych Tereziia , Topolnytska Mariana , Telep Yuliia
Published: December 2023

he aim of the work is to study and analyze the main provisions of the 1974 Constitutionof SFR Yugoslavia.The methodological basis of the study is a system of methods, scientific approaches, techniques and principles that were aimed at achieving the study objectives. Universal, general scientific and special legal methods were used. Thus, for example, the methods of analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction allowed to generalize the acquired knowledge, which became the basis of scientific intelligence.Results. The authors focus on Constitution role in the legal acts hierarchy of the former Yugoslavia.The study identifies the structure and provisions content of the Basic Law. As part of the analysis of this document, the authors delineate the spheres of competence between the federation and its constituent entities, and also pay attention to state apparatus functioning and the powers of individual governmental institutions.Conclusions. The article outlines a scheme for analyzing the 1974 SFRY Constitution. It should be emphasized that the Constitution made serious changes to all spheres of life in Yugoslav society.The SFRY Constitution was at the top of Yugoslav legal acts hierarchy. The constitutions of the union republics, union laws and all other regulations and joint acts had to comply with it, but in case of non-compliance, they continued to be in force until the CCJ decision. The working class as the main component of the socialist system was the SFRY law source. As a result of the 1974 Constitution adoption, Yugoslavia acquired a lot of confederal system features, transforming from a partial union state into a union of states. The vertical links between the subjects were more formal, defining Yugoslavia as a voluntary union of peoples. The legislators’ attempts to ensure the principle of equality among peoples and nations in Yugoslavia led to the spread of centrifugal tendencies and sentiments in the union republics, creating the basis for the possibility of national entities independent functioning and, as a result, led to the collapse of the union state.
Problems and perspectives of the administration of the activities of guardianship and care bodies regarding resolving issues of guardianship and care of adults in Ukraine
Authors: Sotska Alla
Published: December 2023

The article examines in detail the issues of gaps and problems in Ukrainian state policy and the practice of its implementation in the area of activities of guardianship and care bodies in the field of guardianship and guardianship of adults.On the basis of the analysis of national experience, legislation on the relevant issue and the development prospects of the researched area determined by it, proposals were formulated regarding the likely way of establishing the activities of guardianship and guardianship bodies regarding the provision, protection and protection of the rights and legitimate interests of adults who need guardianship and guardianship. In particular, the author’s considerations regarding the likely content of the government decision on the procedure for conducting activities related to the protection of the rights of adults in need of guardianship and care by guardianship authorities are outlined.It is proposed to regulate this document, among others, the following issues: 1) determine the authorities that are the bodies of guardianship and guardianship in matters related to adults who need guardianship and guardianship, and units or specific persons who will directly coordinate the activities of the relevant direction; 2) determine the legal status of the boards of trustees; 3) to detail the tasks and specific duties and rights of guardianship and guardianship bodies according to the relevant field of activity; 4) determine the mechanisms for establishing, implementing and terminating guardianship over property and detail the features of property management of the person over whom guardianship has been established; 5) to determine the conditions for granting permits to guardians and custodians of adults for their execution of transactions with respect to the property of incapacitated and limited wards; 6) to regulate the powers of guardianship and guardianship bodies related to their exercise of guardianship and care over adults who have not been assigned guardians and custodians, as well as who are not in special institutions; 7) to regulate the procedure for the interaction of guardianship and guardianship bodies with consular institutions; 8) determine the requirements for registration of personal files of incapacitated persons and persons whose legal capacity is limited; 9) to regulate issues of control over guardianship and care of adult incapacitated persons and persons whose legal capacity is limited, etc.
Investigations and other procedural actions aimed at recovering material sources in the investigation of criminal offenses against property
Authors: Volikov Taras
Published: December 2023

The scientific article conducts a theoretical study of the procedural regulation of conducting such an investigative (search) action as a search in criminal proceedings related to the commission of criminal offenses against property. The peculiarities and significance of the search for the investigation of the proceedings of the specified category are considered. An analysis of the forensic literature is carried out in relation to the study of aspects that affect the features of detection and recovery of search objects, a list of such objects is indicated, and recommendations are made regarding the most optimal ways to preserve the recovered objects. Issues related to the preparation of this investigative (search) action, tactical, psychological and organizational aspects of its conduct are considered.The article is devoted to highlighting problematic issues and difficulties that arise during the preparation and implementation of other procedural actions aimed at extracting material sources of evidence during the investigation of criminal offenses against property. The most common procedural actions during the investigation of criminal offenses against property, other than search, are temporary access to things and documents and inspection.It was emphasized that before making a decision to carry out such procedural actions, it is necessary to resolve a number of organizational and tactical issues. First, there is the question of clarifying the list of things, documents that reflect certain legal facts, the circumstances of committing illegal acts, as well as those that are instruments of crime.At the same time, the development of digital technologies makes it possible to remove, in addition to traditional objects, also information traces, which are formed as a result of the impact on computer information (by destruction, distortion). First of all, they remain on magnetic carriers of information and are associated with changes that have occurred in the information itself, compared to its initial state. Issues related to the seizure and inspection of computer equipment and its carriers, issues of the participation of specialists of the relevant profile are highlighted.
Legal mechanism for resolving tax disputes, which is initiated by submitting complaints to the business ombudsman council
Authors: Horbenko Nataliia
Published: December 2023

Research article is devoted to the study of the legal mechanism for resolving tax disputes, which is initiated by submitting complaints to the Council of the Business Ombudsman, identifying the features and characteristics of this mechanism as one of the alternative ways of resolving disputes, in particular tax disputes. It is emphasized that tax disputes cause the submission of the majority of complaints to the business ombudsman, among them the following issues: blocking of tax invoices, VAT reimbursement, restoration of tax-legal status, determination of the customs value of goods, drawing up acts based on the results of tax audits, bringing to financial responsibility for violation of tax legislation, collection of tax debt and others. It is stated that more than 57 percent of complaints submitted to the business ombudsman in Ukraine relate to tax issues. It is shown that the business ombudsman determines the procedure for submitting, taking into consideration and considering complaints from business entities, makes decisions on the consideration of complaints in accordance with the regulations of the Council and forwards them for its consideration, and the Council of the business ombudsman considers complaints, makes requests to public administration bodies regarding their taking measures to implement the recommendations of the Council.The authority of the business ombudsman to organize cooperation on the part of the relevant parties as a mediator for the peaceful settlement of issues (in the form of concluding a “peaceful settlement”), which is the subject of their dispute, has been disclosed. The main features of the business ombudsman institution in Ukraine are highlighted and it is noted that the Business Ombudsman Council is not a threat to the public administration system, but contributes to the establishment of the trust of the business environment in the public administration and in general in the state. It has been noted that the issue of consolidation of the status of the business ombudsman institution at the level of a special law and clear definition of the legal boundaries of the business ombudsman’s exercise of powers, as well as research of the best experience of legal regulation and functioning of similar institutions in foreign countries and existing legal gaps, remains relevant.
Recovery of the economy of Ukraine after the war: problems and prospects of “green” financing
Authors: Karlin Mykola , Batiuk Oleh
Published: December 2023

The peculiarities of “green” financing of the reconstruction of Ukrainian economy after the cessation of Russian aggression against our country were considered; the directions of possible financing of this reconstruction by international financial organizations and individual countries were identified; the features of implementing public orders during the reconstruction period in Ukraine were analyzed, taking into account the experience of EU countries; the peculiarities of the realization of the principles of the European Green Course and its possible influence on the financing of reconstruction processes in Ukraine were investigated.
Concepts and types of agreements between mother, father and children in family law
Authors: Vahina Iryna
Published: December 2023

The scientific article investigates the concept and legal nature of agreements between mother, father and children in family law, as well as the types of this category of agreements are revealed. The methodological basis of the research is a combination of qualitative research methods, literature review and analysis of relevant legal acts. To achieve the goal of the article, the author used the following methods: (1) literature review; (2) analysis of normative legal acts; (3) qualitative research methods and (4) comparative analysis. The scientific article defines the concepts and types of agreements between mother, father and children in family law, taking into account the achievements of family law doctrine. The scientific article shows that the current family law does not limit the possibility of contractual settlement of family relations between mother, father and children only to the conclusion of agreements that are directly defined by family law; in the family legal doctrine, among the agreements not mentioned in the family legislation, agreements are distinguished: on the participation of one of the parents in additional expenses for children; about maintenance of adult children of disabled parents; about maintenance of an adult child during the period of study or a child with a disability; about maintenance of parents by an adult child or a minor child, if she has sufficient income and is able to provide maintenance; on determining the procedure for using common property of family members and other agreements. Agreements between a mother, father and children can also include an agreement on guardianship over a child in the event that the placement of a child in the family of a foster carer is carried out at the request of the parents. The legal nature of agreements between a mother, a father and a child provides for a number of features: they can regulate any issues of family relations between parents and a minor or underage child, except when such regulation is contrary to the interests of the child; on the other hand, only those family relations with the participation of an adult child related to the implementation of his obligation to provide support to incapacitated parents can be settled contractually; a child as a subject of contractual legal relations arising in connection with the conclusion of such an agreement is a minor or an underage person, in relation to the exercise of whose rights an agreement is concluded, which ensures the exercise of the relevant rights of him as a child; an exception is an agreement concluded on the provision of maintenance by parents who are unable to work, the child in this legal relationship is an independent participant with full family and civil legal capacity; contractual regulation of family relations between parents and children should not conflict with the minimum guarantees provided by family law, although it may significantly supplement and expand them.
Investigation of the vibration problem of sandwich heterogeneous orthotropic plates
Authors:   Suleyman Demirel University, Student of Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Bozkurt Çağatay , Dilmaç Hakan ,   Suleyman Demirel University, Department of Civil Engineering, Sofiyev Abdullah ,   Department of Mathematics, Istanbul Ticaret University
Published: December 2023

In this study, the solution of the free vibration problem of sandwich plates consisting of heterogeneous orthotropic layers is presented. First, the Kirchhoff-Love theory (KLT) for homogeneous plates is extended to sandwich plates composed of heterogeneous orthotropic layers. Within the framework of Donnell theory, after establishing the basic relations of multilayer plates, governing equations are derived based on Airy stress and deflection functions. The solution of the governing equations is carried out by the Galerkin method and the analytical expression is found for the linear frequency of sandwich plates consisting of heterogeneous orthotropic layers. Finally, the effects of various factors such as heterogeneity, number of layers and their arrangement on the free vibration frequency of sandwich plates are examined.
Investigation of the mechanical properties of magnesium chloride on magnesium oxide improved kaolin clay
Authors:   Civil Engineering, Rumeli University, Teker Ahmet Sinan , Akbulut Suat ,   Civil Engineering Department, Yıldız Technical University, Mutluel Abdullah Mevlüt
Published: December 2023

In our study, samples were prepared by mixing 2%, 4%, and 6% MgO doses with the dry weight of kaolin-type low-plastic clay. In each MgO dose, 1% and 2% of the soil weight, respectively, MgCl2 chemicals were added, and all samples were mixed at the optimum water content ratio (16.2%). All components were mixed with a planetary mixer for 10 minutes until homogeneous, and then the mixture was poured to have 25 blows for 5 layers. All samples were cured under room conditions for 3–10 days to be tested on the Unconfined Compression Test. From the results, it was observed that the undrained shear strength of the sample increased as the percentages of MgCl2 and MgO rose. It can be said that the interaction between MgO and MgCl2 contributes to the cementation of the clay, and sorel cement plays a role in the mechanical strengthening of kaolin clay based on its effect on strength development. Extending the curing time also developed the mechanical properties of kaolin clay and improved the hardness of the samples by increasing the elastic modulus. In this way, early failures were attained at early strains, and the ductility of the samples increased. We finally saw that the mixture of MgO and MgCl2 worked well as a building material for kaolin clay. The study also tried to get rid of some of the problems that come up with filling materials used in geotechnical engineering and shoring projects, like swelling, shrinkage, and low mechanical properties.
Photoluminescence and phonon spectrum studies of arsenide sulfide compound doped with rare earth elements
Authors:   Institute of Physics of the Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Asadullayeva Saida , Ahmedov Rasim ,   Azerbaijan State University of Oil and Industry, Hadiyeva Aynure ,   Azerbaijan State University of Oil and Industry, Sarijanova Vafa ,   Azerbaijan State University of Oil and Industry, Fatullayeva G ,   Institute of Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry of the Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan
Published: December 2023

The phonon spectrum and photoluminescence properties of (La2O3)0.05(As2S3)0.90(Er2O3)0.05 compound were studied in a broad aspect. The energy difference between the two-component maxima of photoluminescence located at the value of energy Е≈1.4eV was 41 meV, which corresponded to the energy of the most intense transverse optical (TO) phonon determined from the general radiation spectrum in the phonon spectrum region. In other words, the first photoluminescence line was observed simultaneously with the emission of a TO phonon with an energy of 41 meV. By changing the concentration of the erbium atom in different percentages in the infrared region of the spectrum and at the same time doping it with the lanthanum element, which plays the role of a sensitizer, a sharp increase in the intensity of photoluminescence was achieved in the intracentral (4J2/11-4J15/2) transition of the erbium atom. All these results show that the compound is suitable for wide application in various fields of optoelectronics.
GASTO, RENDA E DESIGUALDADE NO BRASIL: UM ESTUDO COMPARATIVO ENTRE AS REGIÕES NORDESTE E SUDESTE
Authors: Siqueira Rozane Bezerra de , Hamasaki Cláudia Satie
Published: December 2023

Calcula e compara índices de desigualdade para as regiões Nordeste e Sudeste do Brasil, utilizando gasto com consumo e renda como indicadores dos recursos das famílias, a partir das informações da Pesquisa sobre Padrões de Vida (PPV) de 1996/7. O objetivo do presente estudo é investigar em que medida esses dois indicadores, gastos com consumo e renda, podem levar a diferentes conclusões sobre a questão da disparidade nos padrões de vida das famílias brasileiras e como esta difere entre regiões. Observa-se que para ambas as regiões estudadas a desigualdade na distribuição do gasto é significativamente menor que a desigualdade de renda. Além disso, as diferenças inter-regionais nos índices de desigualdade e de padrão de vida dos domicílios são menores quando avaliados em termos de gasto.
GLOBALIZAÇÃO E COMPETITIVIDADE DA INDÚSTRIA TÊXTIL DA PARAÍBA E DO NORDESTE: UM ESTUDO COMPARATIVO DE 1986 A 1998
Authors: Moutinho Lúcia Maria Góes , Campos Mabel Jaqueline Carmona de
Published: December 2023

Procede de um estudo da competitividade do setor têxtil das economias nordestina e paraibana. Tomando-se como referencial teórico as conceituações de globalização e de competitividade, investiga-se acerca dos efeitos do processo de globalização sobre a competitividade da indústria têxtil. A partir deste referencial teórico são expostos acontecimentos recentes no setor ao nível nacional, nordestino e paraibano. Foi dada especial importância ao Índice de Qualidade do Emprego Formal (IQEF), como indicador do reflexo da abertura comercial sobre o setor no Nordeste e na Paraíba. Os IQEFs são calculados para o período de 1986 a 1996, a partir dos dados do Ministério do Trabalho, mais especificamente, a partir da Relação Anual de Informações Sociais (RAIS). Estes resultados são complementados com informações qualitativas obtidas diretamente das empresas, através de entrevistas. Alguns aspectos relevantes são identificados: i) a idade do parque instalado faz com que a competitividade do setor seja baixa; ii) o nível educacional é outro fator limitante da melhoria da competitividade e iii) houve melhorias na qualidade do emprego formal.
COMPETIÇÃO FISCAL NO BRASIL, UMA ANÁLISE EMPÍRICA AGREGADA
Authors: Holanda Marcos Costa
Published: December 2023

Analisa empiricamente a competição fiscal entre os estados brasileiros no período 1985- 1997. Apresenta uma metodologia estatística aplicada ao caso brasileiro que possibilita a investigação empírica da existência e da forma da disputa fiscal entre os estados. Os resultados encontrados sugerem que a competição fiscal é dominada por movimentos de cortes de impostos nos estados com carga tributária abaixo da média nacional. Tais movimentos são revertidos em um momento posterior, sugerindo ações estratégicas dos estados de forma a evitar uma disputa fiscal sem limites.
FONTES DE FINANCIAMENTO DO NORDESTE E O PRODUTO INTERNO BRUTO DA REGIÃO
Authors: Monte Paulo Aguiar do , Távora Júnior José Lamartine
Published: December 2023

A questão do papel dos órgãos de fomento no financiamento das atividades econômicas é considerada cada vez mais fundamental no desenvolvimento de uma região. Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo estudar os principais órgãos de apoio ao desenvolvimento e, com base nos dados dos desembolsos destes, verificar sua contribuição e impactos no Produto Regional. Assim, este trabalho apresenta, inicialmente, uma breve introdução do tema desenvolvido. A seguir, será feito um diagnóstico de alguns estudos empíricos na área. Em seguida, abordaremos a metodologia a ser adotada e o banco de dados utilizado. Depois, incorreremos nossa análise no comportamento das variáveis estudadas, que são financiamentos para a Região Nordeste: pelo Banco do Nordeste/Fundo Constitucional de Financiamento do Nordeste; pela Superintendência de Desenvolvimento do Nordeste/Fundo de Investimento do Nordeste; e pelo Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social. O penúltimo tópico abordado apresentará os resultados da análise econométrica e discussões. Por fim, no último, serão apresentadas as considerações finais.
A INFLUÊNCIA DA DESCENTRALIZAÇÃO FISCAL NO PERFIL DAS CONTAS PÚBLICAS DOS MUNICÍPIOS CEARENSES
Authors: Jorge Neto Paulo de Melo
Published: December 2023

Este trabalho investiga a relação da descentralização fiscal do Brasil com a capacidade dos municípios do Estado do Ceará em executar gastos que mantenham as contas públicas equilibradas. Constata-se que enquanto a receita de transferência possui efeito negativo, a receita tributária possui um efeito positivo sobre o impacto de gastos com pessoal, gastos totais e o saldo orçamentário. Isto implica que a estrutura tributária e de repartição de receitas vigente tende a impossibilitar municípios maiores a atender às necessidades crescentes de sua coletividade.
UM MODELO DINÂMICO DE RECURSOS EXAURÍVEIS: A INTERAÇÃO ECONÔMICA ENTRE ÁGUA E ENERGIA
Authors: Da Silva Alexandre Stamford , Souza Fernando Menezes Campello de
Published: December 2023

Aborda o problema dos usos múltiplos da água através de um modelo de controle ótimo. A peculiaridade em se estudar a água como um recurso escasso devido aos seus múltiplos usos reside no fato de que esta é usada diretamente como insumo para a produção de bens de consumo não energéticos e também como insumo para outro insumo (a energia elétrica) para então produzir novamente bens de consumo não-energéticos. Deve haver uma substitutibilidade gradual da fonte energética que utiliza a água como insumo. O custo de oportunidade da água diminui com o aumento do preço da energia e com a substitutibilidade entre trabalhadores do setor explorador da água e do setor não-energético. O preço da água deve ser pelo menos o dobro do preço dos energéticos. O valor acima do dobro dependerá da relação entre os custos das empresas extratoras de água e das empresas geradoras de energia hidrelétrica. As empresas que se dediquem a explorar a água devem pagar duas taxas, que já devem estar incorporadas ao preço do produto, mas deverão ser usadas para objetivos distintos. Uma taxa deve ser recolhida pelo setor responsável pelo gerenciamento hídrico, ao passo que a outra deve ser cobrada (...)
CONFLITO NO USO DA ÁGUA: A IMPORTÂNCIA DA AÇÃO COORDENADA DAS AGÊNCIAS REGULADORAS
Authors: Dias Fernando de Mendonça , Bezerra David Ricardo Colaço , Ramos Francisco de Souza
Published: December 2023

Reúne dois temas de extrema atualidade: a questão do uso múltiplo da água e o problema da regulação. A presença de empresas que disputam esse recurso natural, particularmente uma geradora e uma empresa de irrigação, conduz à idéia de um trade-off na utilização do recurso, empregando-o onde houver maior retorno. Entretanto, deve-se atentar para assegurar um nível rentável mínimo de geração de energia elétrica no contexto de privatização, sem o que os potenciais competidores nesse mercado serão desestimulados a realizar investimentos. Utilizando um conceito da Teoria dos Jogos – equilíbrio perfeito em subjogos, analisa as situações em que as agências reguladoras de água e de energia atuam de forma descoordenada, ou em sincronia na composição de suas políticas. Analisa a situação sem a transposição das águas do rio, e evidencia os problemas que podem ser gerados no caso de redirecionar parte dessas águas para outros usos.
O PRINCÍPIO DOS USOS MÚLTIPLOS DOS RECURSOS HÍDRICOS: UMA ANÁLISE A PARTIR DA BACIA DO RIO FORMOSO NO OESTE BAIANO
Authors: Fernandez José Carrera
Published: December 2023

Aborda a questão do planejamento e gerenciamento dos recursos hídricos em nível estadual e chama atenção para o viés causado pelo tratamento assimétrico estabelecido pelo Governo Federal, que, privilegiando o setor energético como usuário da água, subordinava todos os demais ao programa de construção dos últimos projetos hidrelétricos em águas de domínio estadual. Fazendo referência ao princípio dos usos múltiplos, revela que a melhor política de gerenciamento dos recursos da água é aquela em que tais recursos situam-se eqüidistantemente acessíveis a todos os setores usuários, podendo ser atribuído predomínio na bacia ou região hidrográfica apenas ao uso que permitir a obtenção dos maiores níveis de benefícios sociais líquidos. Ao analisar o caso específico da bacia do Rio Formoso, no oeste baiano, contribui para definir parâmetros técnicos de decisão e assim orientar as ações e os investimentos públicos e privados, no sentido de serem otimizados os recursos hídricos disponíveis em um sistema de bacia, com ganhos para toda a sociedade.
ESTRATÉGIAS DE REGULAÇÃO E QUALIDADE DOS SERVIÇOS PÚBLICOS
Authors: Ghirardi André Garcez
Published: December 2023

Situa a questão da qualidade dentro do referencial teórico de estudo da regulação de serviços públicos, tomando como referência o setor elétrico brasileiro. Apresenta, inicialmente, a conceituação da questão da qualidade nos termos dos aspectos formais da relação entre regulador e regulado, seguida da revisão das principais características do sistema de controle pelo custo e do sistema de regulação pelo preço, e as implicações desses sistemas para a qualidade dos serviços. A evidência coletada até o momento, baseada em experiências fora do Brasil, indica que as vantagens teóricas do sistema de controle pelo preço são muito limitadas na prática, e que esta estratégia regulatória pode levar ao subinvestimento em qualidade do serviço.
İletişim Fiillerinin Tiyatro Eserlerindeki Durumu: Keşanlı Ali Destanı Örneği
Authors: ALHAJESSA Afaf Mohammad Fadıl
Published: December 2023

Birçok oyun yazmasına rağmen Haldun Taner, Keşanlı Ali Destanı ile tanınır. Bu eserle ülkemizde epik tiyatronun öncüsü olan yazar, ilk yerli, müzikli oyun örneğini vermiştir. Bu tiyatro metnin taşıdığı özellikler ve genel olarak tiyatro metinleri, gerçek hayatta insanların nasıl iletişim kurduğunu yansıtması ve çok çeşitli iletişim fiilerini içermesi bakımından bu çalışmanın bu metinler üzerinde yapılması uygun görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada Haldun Taner'in yazdığı Keşanlı Ali Destanı tiyatro metnindeki iletişim fiilieri Ärnazarov'a (1982) göre tasnif edilmiştir. Ärnazarov (1982) Oğuz Grubu Türk Lehçelerinde iletişim fiillerini 1. Söyleme Sürecinin İçeriğini Anlatan Fiiller (duygu katkısı olmayan fiiller, olumlu duygu katkısı olan fiiller ve olumsuz duygu katkısı olan fiiller), 2. Söyleme Sürecinin Tarzını Anlatan Fiiller (söyleme sürecinin tarzını genel anlamda anlatan fiiller, yüksek tonlu konuşmayı niteleyen fiiller, alçak sesli konuşmayı niteleyen fiiller, söyleme sürecinin hoşluğunu, güzelliğini anlatan fiiller, çok ve anlaşılmaz konuşmayı niteleyen fiiller) olmak üzere iki ana başlıkta ele almıştır . Bu çalışmada Ärnazarov'un (1982) tasnifine ek olarak ısrar fiilleri de eklenmiştir.
Արհեստական բանականության տեխնոլոգիայով սպառազինությունների արտադրության արդյունավետության հարցեր / Issues of effective Artificial Intelligence-implemented arms production
Authors: Harutyunyan G. E.
Published: December 2023

The artificial intelligence (IA)-implemented armament has globally grown into a key factor providing for strategic balance of powers. Every state pushes for positioning itself as a full-fledged participant in global technological race, in pursuit of economic, and military, and geopolitical advantages in the sphere of AI development. In such conditions, small states (especially those dealing with serious security problems) cannot stand aside, and also strive to replenish their military and military-political arsenal with “smart” weapons or accumulate the necessary potential for their own development and production of AI technologies. However, in terms of small states, the problem becomes noticeably more intricate, since they encounter the need to choose not only between imports and production, but also decide on the area of greater focus on the AI development – civilian or military.

The research herein was conducted with the aim of contemplating on the effectiveness of the AI-implemented “smart” weapons production and determining the feasibility for such small states with major security problems like Armenia, investing funds in the development of the local military industry with a focus on the arms imports. One of the important issues is predicting the time to reach such a level of local arms production at which it will be possible to ensure the security of one’s own country. To this end, the author has studied academic approaches to the reallocation of military spending on the production of “smart” weapons, and identified the advantages of AI-based weapons in solving defense and security problems.

The findings of the study allow us to conclude that from the perspective of solving defense-security tasks the peculiarities of the geo-economic environment in Armenia require that all the resources be directed towards the development of AI technologies with a focus on their application in the military sphere. That is the only direction the development of which will make room for saving military spending and the most efficient use of the limited budget, as well as modernize the armed forces to the earliest possible time.
Ռազմաուսումնական հաստատություններում առաջին կուրսի կուրսանտների հարմարման որոշ հարցեր / Some first year cadets adaptation issues in military universities
Authors: Karapetyan A. S.
Published: December 2023

One of the key objectives of military education is the formation of such an officer corps, which, owing to rich knowledge and the ability to skillfully apply it, will be able not only to quickly and correctly orient in the complex environment of modern combat, and make effective decisions, but also to educate warriors capable and entirely devoted to the Motherland. In higher military educational institutions, cadets, especially first-year students, experience serious psychological burden, associated, in particular, with a drastic change in living conditions isolated from their family, friends, and familiar environment, with the need to absolutely independently build relationships with commanders and fellow students, etc. This can cause negative emotions and states –anxiety, despair, stress, fatigue, etc., due to which the normal functioning of the mechanisms of socio-psychological adaptation of cadets can be disrupted, and maladaptive behavior may develop, which negatively affects the cadet’s performance and his/her ability to absorb the training material.
In this regard, one of the primary tasks of the command staff and the faculty of higher military educational institutions is to ensure rapid adaptation of first-year cadets, their effective integration into a cohesive team and their mastery of a new social role.
Based on the analysis of professional literature, the author presented the stages and the criteria of socio-psychological adaptation of first-year cadets. In addition, he marked the individual-psychological, socio-psychological, pedagogical, and professional directions of their adaptation to the educational process.
Assumed from the results of the analysis, the author draws the conclusion that for effective adaptation of cadets to the environment and conditions of a military educational institution, it is recommended to:

.consistently solve the problem of informing people of military age for their vocational guidance, through developing and implementing a package of regulatory documents to regulate this sphere of the education system;
.upon admission to a higher educational institution, check and evaluate not only the level of applicants’ knowledge, but also their ability to master the training material in full, the degree of compliance with the chosen profession and psychograms;
with the help of psychological research provide scientificity of the process of cadets’ adaptation;
.increase the level of awareness of students of pre-conscription and conscription age through the use of new information technologies within the cooperation framework between the school and the higher military educational institution in order to guide future applicants in choosing a military profession.
Պետական պարտքի կառավարման արդյունավետության մեծացման մեթոդական հենքի բարելավման հիմնախնդիրները Հայաստանի Հանրապետությունում / The problems of improving the methodological basis for increasing the public debt management efficiency in the Republic of Armenia
Authors: Sargsyan N. A.
Published: December 2023

The amount of public debt and its ratio to the GDP are one of the most important economic indicators of the state. It is a matter of concern indeed that both indicators are steadily increasing in Armenia. In particular, in recent years the total public debt has almost doubled. By way of various methods (statistical data study, comparative analysis, generalization, etc.), the article not only examines the public debt of the
Republic of Armenia and its ratio to the with GDP, but also the prospects for increasing the efficiency of debt management. Meanwhile, aspects of debt security are analyzed in the general system of economic threats to the security of the Republic of Armenia. Throughout the research, special attention is paid not only to the amount of debt and its ratio to the GDP, but also to various theoretical and practical ways of effective management of debt, targeted at its consistent reduction.
The author comes up with a few innovative models and mechanisms for solving this problem. More particularly, the method of “Conversion of external public debt into environmental projects”, which has been successfully tested by a number of developing Eastern European, Asian, African and Latin American countries, is proposed as one of the most optimal and effective mechanisms for debt reduction. Its essence lies in
the fact that with the creditors’ consent, the debt is partially or completely written off if the debtor state invests these funds in environmental programs carried out on its territory. A good method of debt reduction is the restructuring of the external debt, namely, the one Russia has turned to in order to reduce its debt to the London Club.
To sum up, the author has come up with a number of recommendations to optimize the debt management, in particular, reformation of the RA legislation in the financial and budgetary sphere
«Պաշտպանական արդյունաբերություն 4.0». ՀՀ պաշտպանական արդյունաբերության թվային փոխակերպման անհրաժեշտությունը / “Defense industry 4.0”: The RA defense industry digital transformation to be urgent
Authors: Vardanyan G. I. , Vardanyan M. G.
Published: December 2023

The global military machine has recently witnessed revolutionary transformations, perpetuated by “Industry 4.0”, in particular connected with high rates of digital transformation, which have led to multifaceted changes on the battlefield, hence making room for new challenges to the national defense industries, and, correspondingly, to the armed forces.

In this sense, the article highlights the urgency of digital transforma­tion of the defense industry enterprises of the Republic of Armenia, and steps, targeted at the acceleration of the achievement of the given aim. It concludes that the effectiveness of measures targeted at the increase of the RA’s defense capability and military power will largely be determined by the acceleration of the defense industry digital transformation via induction of the “Industry 4.0” technologies, and satisfaction of the army digitalization needs. Based upon the experience of a number of leading foreign companies, including those manufacturing dual-purpose products, the article suggests a certain sequence of first priority steps on the development of digital capabilities of the defense industry companies, and the increase in their digital transformation level.

The most progressive and effective technologies are considered those relating to artificial intelligence, innovative defense equipment based on the battlefield electrification technology, developments in the spheres of biotechnology and nanotechnology, as well as technologies of the Internet of Military Things (IoMT), with the help of which it becomes possible to reduce the physical and mental load on a warrior, as well as means of cyber warfare, radar electronic support and robotics.