bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bilingual education teachers’ perceptions of the educational climate and policies in the United States and Spain
Authors: Fernández Álvarez Miguel , Paz-Albo Jesús , Hervás-Escobar Aránzazu , Montes Amanda
Published: January 2022

Access to high-quality bilingual education is critical and has evolved in many different ways during the last decades. Given recent efforts to enhance bilingual education, it is important to examine the perceptions of the current education workforce who serve students in bilingual education programs. A hundred and sixty-four bilingual education professionals from Spain and the U.S. participated in the research. They completed a questionnaire about the effect of educational climate and policies in their own countries. Findings show that teachers from Spain rate bilingual education higher than teachers from the U.S. There are significant differences in their general perceptions and insights about resources, collaboration, students, parents and community. Being proficient in two languages seems to have a positive effect on two categories: general perceptions and perceptions about parents. Our findings also suggest that the years of teaching experience influence their responses and there is a need for more professional development in both countries.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ПРИНЦИПІВ МІЖНАРОДНОГО СТАНДАРТУ ЯКОСТІ В СИСТЕМІ ДЕРЖАВНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ ЯКІСТЮ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: С.А. Мороз
Published: January 2022

В публікації доведено можливість використання принципів міжнародного стандарту якості в системі державного управління якістю вищої освіти. Розглянуто окремі аспекти системи забезпечення ЗВО якості освітньої діяльності та якості вищої освіти через призму принципів організації загального управління якістю (Total Quality Management – TQM). Розглянуто модель Європейського фонду управління якістю (EFQM – European Foundation for Quality Management), як інструментарій забезпечення ефективного функціонування системи внутрішнього забезпечення якості у ЗВО. Визначено місце та роль принципів управління якістю в системі менеджменту вищої освіти, а також запропоновано напрями вдосконалення змісту та практики використання механізмів державного управління її якістю.
ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОГО МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ В ДЕРЖАВНОМУ УПРАВЛІННІ
Authors: В.Г. Воронкова
Published: January 2022

Доведено, що метою технологій інформаційного менеджменту є необхідність формування системи теоретичних і практичних знань та умінь інноваційної парадигми та формування креативно-творчого потенціалу організації з метою формування дорожньої карти управління в умовах невизначеності.
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF LYOPHILIZED POWDER TO PREPARE SOLUTION FOR INJECTIONS BASED ON DOXYCYCLINE
Authors: Saliy E. A. , Honcharuk A. Yu. , Getalo O. V. , Tarasenko H. V.
Published: January 2022

The range of doxycycline drugs on the pharmaceutical market of the Ukraine is very limited and is represented by solid forms (capsules and tablets) while a rapid effect and maximum bioavailability of the drug can be provided by parenteral administration. The object of the study is the drug doxycycline hyclate in the form of lyophilisate to prepare solution for injections. During the development of the drug it was taken into account that aqueous doxycycline solution is pH dependent and tends to shift the solution pH during long-term storage. Therefore, excipients such as stabilizer and antioxidant providing buffering properties and stability of the solution were introduced into the composition. According to the research results an optimal composition of lyophilized powder was selected, the production technology with the stage of solution treatment with activated carbon was developed which allowed to obtain lyophilized powder with a well-formed porous mass without splits, cracks and fissures, resistant to shaking, and the prepared solution for parenteral administration is stable by the «Degree of coloration» quality indicator during accelerated storage regimen. It was found that doxycycline hyclate in the form of a lyophilisate shows a wide range of antibacterial activity. Comparative studies in vitro for two drugs, in the form of lyophilisate with doxycycline hyclate for injections and hard gelatin capsules with 100 mg of doxycycline hyclate, confirm equivalence of their bacteriostatic action against bacteria causing infectious diseases in humans.
TO THE QUESTION ABOUT COMMUNICATIVE TOLERANCE OF THE PHARMACEUTICAL STUDENTS OF VSMU
Authors:   Vitebsk State Order of Peoples' Friendship Medical University, Tserkovskiy A. L. , Gapova O. I. ,   Vitebsk State Order of Peoples' Friendship Medical University, Skorikova E. A. ,   Vitebsk State Order of Peoples' Friendship Medical University, Petrovich S. A. ,   Vitebsk State Order of Peoples' Friendship Medical University, Kasyan O. A. ,   Vitebsk State Order of Peoples' Friendship Medical University, Deryabina M. A. ,   Vitebsk State Order of Peoples' Friendship Medical University
Published: January 2022

The aim of the research is to study communicative tolerance of students of the Pharmaceutical Faculty of VSMU and analyze its dynamical characteristics. When comparing the degree of communicative tolerance for the 1st, 2nd and 5th year students respectively, there is a tendency towards a decrease in high and low degree of communicative tolerance and an increase in its average degree. It suggests about positive influence of the educational process on the communicative competence formation of a future pharmacist. Students with a high level of scale indicators (low degree of communicative tolerance) should be within the view of teachers of the Faculty of Pedagogics and Psychology with the course of Retraining and Advanced Training Faculty, employees of the social and pedagogical and psychological services, curators of academic groups and tutors.
Isolation and Characterization of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria for Growth Promotion of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) and Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: Ayyaz Muhammad , Khan Zulqurnain , Tabassam Nabila , Sultan Tariq , Saeed Amjad , Shan Muhammad
Published: January 2022

The use of rhizobacteria for plant growth enhancement is decades old. Still, in this era of the 21st century, biofertilizers have become the need of the day due to the health and environmental concerns associated with chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Rhizobacteria strains were isolated from the rhizosphere of rice and wheat. The selected bacterial strains' nitrogen fixation, indole acetic acid (IAA) production, phosphorus solubilization, and antifungal activity were determined on morphological, biochemical, and molecular levels. Production of IAA ranged from 6 µg/ml to 29.33 µg/ml. Ethylene production (C2H4/hr) varied from 2 µmoles to 9.8 µmoles. Maximum Phosphorus Solubilization index (7), decrease in pH (4) and Solubilization % age (0.49) was observed in WM-2 (wheat microbe). Promising results were obtained concerning antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium sp. The effect of the potential PGPR strains on the germination of rice and wheat was significantly positive in Petri plates. In the case of rice, the highest shoot length (29.27 cm) was observed by inoculation with RPR-33 (Rice isolate), and the most increased root length (9.33 cm) was observed in the treatment inoculated with RPR-42. The highest shoot fresh weight (476.67 mg/plant) was recorded in the treatment inoculated with RPR-42. The maximum root weight was 170 mg/plant in the same treatment. For wheat, all recorded growth parameters were improved significantly by wheat microbe WM-5. All the PGPR isolates showed positive results for growth parameters of wheat and rice on inoculation. So, it is suggested that these PGPR isolates may be used in potential biofertilizers.
Biochemical changes in Conocarpus species under saline soils of Lal Suhanra National Park, Bahawalpur
Authors: Saeed Amjad , Hussain Tanveer , Choudry Anum , Umair Muhammad , Altaf Muhammad , Riaz Umair , Hassan Ahtesham ul , Khan Muhammad Asif , Iqbal Zafar , Ali Mansoor , Maqsood Rana Haroon , Shaheen Muhammad Furqan
Published: January 2022

In Pakistan, arid and semi-arid areas are more prone to limited rainfall, extensive evapo-transpiration and higher temperatures. For better understandings of current situation, a field experiment was carried out to study the morphological characteristics, biochemical responses and ionic composition of Conocarpus species (Conocarpus erectus and Conocarpus lancifolius) under saline soil conditions in Lal Suhanra National Park, Bahawalpur during 2019-21. Three sites one at normal soil (S.I) and two at different salinity levels (Medium and High Salinity) were observed in order to assess their effect on plant growth and other parameters. The data regarding physiological and biochemical parameters were recorded. Conocarpus lancifolius and Conocarpus erectus has maximum (233) mmol m-2sec-1 and (162) mmol m-2sec-1 stomatal conductance respectively. Maximum transpiration rate (4.57 MMOL M-2S-1) was observed at site-I in case of C. lancifolius, while maximum transpiration rate in case of C. erectus was (2.94 MMOL M-2S-1) at site-I. At control level, maximum photosynthetic rate was measured as (8.76 µmol m-2sec-1) in C. lancifolius and (5.59 µmol m-2sec-1) in case of C. erectus. Conocarpus species; Conocarpus lancifolius and Conocarpus erectus has maximum SOD (13.29 and 19.62) and CAT (16.48 and 42.05), and POD (14.81 and 8.81 U/mg protein) respectively. Maximum values of Na+K+ ratio in leaves (3.08), shoots (5.98) and roots (9.84) were detected at site-I in C. lancifolius. Based on statistically analyzed data, it is revealed that Conocarpus lancifolius can tolerate better salt stress as compared to Conocarpus erectus. Both species of Conocarpus can tolerate salinity up to 40 dSm-1 but growth of Conocarpus erectus is affected more as compared to Conocarpus lancifolius.
Assessment of Heavy Metal Residues in Excreta of Rock Pigeon (Columba Livia) and Domestic Pigeon (Columba livia Domestica) in Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Khan Shahid Hafeez , Saeed Amjad , Hussain Tanveer , Naseer Junaid , Yasin Ghulam , Irshad Kanwal , Tiwana Usman Ali , Latif Atif , Shafiq Rana Muhammad , Ashiq Rizwana , Hamed M. H. , Altaf Muhammad
Published: January 2022

Pollution is the main cause that effects the environment in a degradable condition. For the presence of heavy metals in the atmosphere birds are considered as tremendous bio indicator. Blue pigeon and domestic pigeon (Coloumba livia) of Faisalabad are selected to examine the level of heavy metals including Manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), Cobalt (Co), lead (Pb) cadmium (Cd) and Copper (Cu) in several tissues such as (heart, lungs, bones, muscles and feathers. Six adult birds were collected rural, urban and residential and traffic areas of Faisalabad. After collection of sample fresh weight will be measured of each sample, then digestion of sample was done by conventional acid digestion method and digested samples were analyzed in the lab by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer for the determination of heavy metals.  It was concluded that accumulation of heavy metals in the birds depends upon the environmental conditions. Our result showed that concentration of heavy metals more in rock pigeon as compared to domestic pigeon which may be due to more exposure of industrial waste to rock pigeon. It has inferred from our study that high concentration of heavy metals in the excreta of rock pigeon was due to its high trophic level in food chain.
Prevalence and Antibiotic Sensitivity pattern of Bacterial Isolates from Catheterized UTI Patients: A Local Study
Authors: Arooj Iqra , Sehar Alishba , Javaid Asghar
Published: January 2022

Prevalence and multidrug resistance among bacteria in catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) has been on the rise in recent times. Hence, the prevalence rate and antibacterial susceptibility of bacteria in CAUTIs in ICU patients was evaluated. A total of 120 patients admitted to the ICU of Nishtar Hospital, Multan, were recruited for this study. Both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial isolates were characterized based on biochemical tests including catalase test, oxidase test, indole test, TSI test, citrate test, coagulase test and growth on 6.5% NaCl agar. The prevalence of bacterial species was Escherichia coli (32%), Staphylococcus aureus (26%), Pseudomonas spp. (18%), Proteus spp. (14%) and Enterococcus spp. (2%). A considerable degree of resistance against commonly prescribed antibiotics was observed. Gram negative bacteria showed resistance to ciprofloxacin, piperacillin-tazobactam and amikacin as well as susceptibility to imipenem, tigecycline and polymixin. Gram positive bacteria showed resistance to antibiotics such as piperacillin-tazobactam, ampicillin, gentamicin, oxacillin and ceftazidime suggesting the ineffectiveness of these antibiotics for treating bacterial infections among CAUTI patients and demonstrating the latest trends in antimicrobial drug resistance profile in local population.
PCR-based Sex Determination in Cattle using Gene Specific Markers
Authors: Ahmad Aftab , Rahat Murad Ali , Wahab Adnan , Subhanuddin  , Shah Muzafar , Rasool Akhtar , Israr Muhammad
Published: January 2022

A single paragraph of about 200 words maximum. For research articles, abstractsshould give a pertinent overview of the work. We strongly encourage authors touse the following style of structured abstracts, but without headings: (1) Background:Place the question addressed in a broad context and highlight the purpose of the study;(2) Methods: briefly describe the main methods or treatments applied; (3) Results: summarize the article's main findings; (4) Conclusions: indicate the main conclusions or interpretations. The abstract should be an objective representation of the article and it must not contain results that are not presented and substantiated in the main text and should notexaggerate the main conclusions.
Review of machine learning applications to power systems studies
Authors: Omorogiuwa Eseosa  , Ashiathah Ikposhi
Published: January 2022

The complexity of electric power networks from generation, transmission and distribution stations in modern times has resulted to generation of big and more complex data that requires more technical and mathematical analysis because it deals with monitoring, supervisory control and data acquisition all in real time. This has necessitated the need for more accurate analysis and predictions in power systems studies especially under transient, uncertainty or emergency conditions without interference of humans. This is necessary so as to minimize errors with the aim targeted towards improving the overall performance and the need to use more technical but very intelligent predictive tools has become very relevant. Machine learning (ML) is a powerful tool which can be utilized to make accurate predictions about the future nature of data based on past experiences. ML algorithms operate by building a model (mathematical or pictorial) from input examples to make data driven predictions or decisions for the future. ML can be used in conjunction with big data to build effective predictive systems or to solve complex data analytic problems. Electricity generation forecasting systems that could predict the amount of power required at a rate close to the electricity consumption have been proposed in several works. This study seeks to review machine learning applications to power system studies. This paper reviewed applications of ML tools in power systems studies.
Metoder og begreper i barndomssosiologiske studier av sosialiseringsprosessen: En diskusjon med utgangspunkt i barnet som sosial aktør
Authors: Nilsen Randi Dyblie
Published: January 2022

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Konstruktion af barndomsbegrebet: Nogle overvejelser
Authors: Højlund Susanne
Published: January 2022

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The Impact of Music on The Education Motivation in Adolescents
Authors: Baylarova-alakbarova Bahar
Published: January 2022

This study aims to investigate the psychological influence of music on educational motivation in adolescents. A total of 600 students from 4 different schools were included in the study. Participants were randomized into two equal groups as experiment and controls. The “Music - education motivation” methodology was applied to the experimental group during one educational year. After a year, the educational motivation status of students was assessed by “Studying the Motivation of Adolescent Learning” (SMAL) and “Diagnosis of Educational Motivation of Schoolchildren” (DEMS) surveys. The results of a total of 350 students including 250 experimental (130 female, mean age 13.9±2 years) and 100 control (50 female, mean age 12.8±3 years) groups were analyzed. A statistically significant difference was found between the two groups according to the results of the SMAL survey (p = .01). Also, the DEMS questionnaire revealed that the self-improvement and communicative motivations of the students in the experimental group were significantly higher than controls (p < .05). In this study, it was shown that music-enriched education is associated with learning motivations in adolescents. As a result of the study, it can be said that the education model that includes music and art positively affects the educational motivation of teenagers.
QUALIDADE DE VIDA DOS PORTADORES DE ESCLEROSE MÚLTIPLA: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Almeida Jhonathan Lima de , Vanzella Joarlison da Silva , Trelha Laryssa Lima , Costa Ruth Silva Lima da , Machado Marília Perdome
Published: January 2022

Esclerose múltipla (EM) é uma doença crônica autoimune onde as células de defesa do organismo atacam o próprio sistema nervoso central causando a destruição da bainha de mielina. Seus sintomas podem variar dependendo do local que foi acometido pela reação inflamatória repercutindo em alterações na vida diária do portador. O presente estudo objetiva identificar os fatores que comprometem a qualidade de vida dos portadores de esclerose múltipla. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura realizada nos bancos de dados da  Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO) e Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online (PUBMED), em estudos publicados no período compreendido entre de janeiro de 2018 a dezembro de 2019. Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão foram selecionados 8 estudos que compuseramm o escopo da pesquisa. Os principais fatores relacionados ao desenvolvimento de esclerose múltipla são  a depressão, a fadiga e a ansiedade e que contribuem  para uma pior qualidade de vida dos portadores, afetando progressivamente o bem estar  desses indivíduos trazendo consequências físicas e psicológicas. Novos estudos sobre a temática são necessários com o intuito de dar visibilidade ao tema e subsidiar o trabalho de profissionais de saúde no atendimento aos portadores de esclerose, com o intuito de melhorar a sua condição
A new membership model for the Front Matter blog
Authors: Fenner Martin
Published: January 2022

The Front Matter blog is launching a new membership model today. In August 2021 this blog started offering optional paid membership via the Buy Me a Coffee service. Unfortunately. two things happened: a) Paypal dropped supporting Buy Me a Coffee for membership payments at the end of last year, and b) there wasn't really any uptake of this support model, even if only charging $3 (or a cup of coffee) per month.
Angel of the Lord: Messenger or euphemism?
Authors: White Stephen L.
Published: January 2022

The figure of the ‘angel of the LORD’ as a messenger is a familiar one throughout the Bible. But in a number of passages the angel speaks, acts, and is addressed not as a messenger, but as God himself. In some passages the text switches from angel of the LORD to God, and in others there is a juxtaposition of God and the angel of the LORD. This paper suggests that the phrase ‘angel of the LORD’ is a euphemism for God used both to create tension in the narrative and to emphasise the transcendence of Yahweh.
The Elisha Narratives and Coherence of 2 Kings 2-8
Authors: Satterthwaite Philip E.
Published: January 2022

2 Kings 2-8, containing most of the narratives of the prophet Elisha, are generally held to be somewhat incoherent. Many of Elisha’s miracles, in particular, seem both trivial and ill-related to their context. This article argues that the key to 2 Kings 2-8 is provided by the portrayal of Elisha as a ‘second Joshua’ in ch. 2. In a logical outworking of this chapter, the subsequent narratives set over against each other Elisha’s followers and the Northern Kingdom, raising the hope that Elisha’s followers will ‘conquer’ the land, bringing the North back to YHWH. This hope is ultimately not realised. The miracle accounts find their place in this interpretation.
The Writer of Hebrews as a Biblical Expositor
Authors: France R. T.
Published: January 2022

The Letter to the Hebrews stands out among New Testament writings as the one which typically ‘expounds’ a selected text at some length, exploring its relevance to the current situation of the readers. This article identifies seven such extended expositions within the letter, and analyses the way scripture is understood and applied in each. While the writer respected the original meaning of the text, his ‘christological interpretation’ leads to new and sometimes surprising applications, which may not be (or be intended to be) ‘scientific exegesis’, but are fully in keeping with the hermeneutical approach of the early Christian movement and of its founder.
An ‘Extraordinary Fact’: Torah and Temple and the Contours of the Hebrew Canon, Part 2
Authors: Dempster Stephen
Published: January 2022

Part 1 reviewed recent studies that suggest the presence of significant editorial activity in the final form of the Hebrew Bible. It also presented evidence for such editorial activity in the first major division of the Hebrew Bible, the Torah. Part 2 now considers the second and third divisions of the canon, the Prophets and the Writings. Again, the themes of Torah and Temple, so prominent in the Torah, also provide a hermeneutical framework for these divisions. This editorial activity is also considered as internal evidence which can help determine the order of some of the books, particularly in the Writings.
Muitas vezes é mais cômodo conviver com uma falsa verdade do que modificar a realidade
Authors: Soares Filipe
Published: January 2022

A obra em questão, de recente publicação, reúne importantes considerações de uma autora já consagrada no cenário nacional. Através de uma viagem pela História do Brasil, "Sobre o autoritarismo brasileiro" faz um resgate de nosso passado a partir daquilo que tem nos impressionado no presente. Me refiro às ultimas configurações políticas, ligadas à atual presidência da República, tempo em que convivemos com abusos políticos de toda sorte. O objetivo maior da autora é demonstrar as raízes autoritárias de nossa política, apontando as condições de possibilidade para a formação das expressões mandonistas que tem nos acompanhado desde a Colonia até à Repúblcia. O que motiva o autor à resenha é o fato da obra resenhada ter alcançado grandes públicos, fazendo necessário que um olhar especialista consiga melhor apresentar aquilo que é construído pela autora. A curiosidade a respeito da História é um trunfo aos críticos do país tendo em vista o período conturbado que atravessamos. A obra é bem resumida, clara, e compila praticamente todos os principais momentos da linha do tempo brasileira. Contudo, por ser breve, acredito que carece de análises minuciosas, capazes de abrir o texto não só ao público mais geral, mas também àqueles jovens que tem se arriscado no estudo da História enquanto ciência e/ou disciplina.
UMA BREVE REFLEXÃO SOBRE O PROCESSO DE APROPRIAÇÃO DO SABER FAZER DAS PARTEIRAS PELA MEDICINA DA MULHER NO BRASIL DO SÉCULO XIX
Authors: Fonseca da Silva Linhares Bueno Juliana LINHARES
Published: January 2022

O presente artigo pretende de uma forma sucinta discutir sobre o processo de apropriação do saber fazer das parteiras pela medicina da mulher no Brasil do século XIX. O mesmo foi construído a partir de levantamento bibliográfico e da análise de fontes históricas e objetiva refletir sobre as questões de Gênero existentes neste período transitório. A base teórica consiste na Teorias de Gênero e História das Mulheres, categorias de análise utilizadas nas pesquisas que visam transformar paradigmas tradicionais em novos temas, buscando através de uma releitura da história dominante, dar voz às minorias esquecidas pela história vigente.
As facetas da critica à arte moderna no eixo Rio-São Paulo
Authors: Nascimento Andressa De Oliveira
Published: January 2022

Os modernistas foram muito efetivos ao diminuírem as tensões críticas que acompanham todo seu processo de afirmação nos Estados do Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo. Muito frequentemente as críticas à arte moderna têm sido resumidas sob a oposição “academicismo-modernismo”, o que supunha uma contradição entre tradição e modernidade que surge da narrativa histórica modernista. Contudo, os matizes que permeavam as críticas anti-modernistas são muito mais variados e duram muito mais tempo, englobando desde conceitos dos ideais cientificistas e evolucionistas do século XIX até termos políticos no século XX. Assim, o presente artigo busca analisar algumas críticas ao modernismo e seus intérpretes nas artes visuais, tais como Monteiro Lobato, Oswaldo Teixeira, Newton Amarante, Augusto Bracet e Oscar Guanabarino.
DÍVIDA PERIGOSA. Direção: Martin Zandvliet. Produção de Linson Entertainment, Waypoint Entertainment. Estados Unidos: Netflix, 2018. Mídia digital.
Authors: Maciel Cassiana Sare
Published: January 2022

resenha
SLOW GROWTH IN VITRO CULTURE FOR CONSERVATION OF HANCORNIA SPECIOSA GOMES
Authors: Oliveira Kívia Soares de , Aloufa Magdi Ahmed Ibrahim
Published: January 2022

Hancornia speciosa Gomes is a fruit species endemic to the Cerrado and coastal plains of Northeast of Brazil, with great economic, nutritional, ecological, and medicinal potential. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sorbitol and sucrose as osmotic regulators on the in vitro growth of mangabeira, aiming at conservation by slow growth. The explants were obtained from in vitro germinated seedlings and inoculated in MS medium supplemented with sucrose (15 and 30 g L-1) and sorbitol (0, 5, 10 and 15 g L-1). The experimental design was completely randomized with 20 repetitions in a 4 x 2 factorial arrangement (sorbitol x sucrose concentrations). The evaluations were performed at 30, 60 90 and 120 days of incubation. The analyzed variables were number of nodes/budding, number of leaves, leaf abscission, leaf color and survival of explants. The data were statistically analyzed by generalized linear model analysis. The results indicated a significant difference between the osmotic regulators and the culture time for all variables. Sorbitol showed a more pronounced growth-reducing effect than sucrose. The use of 30 g L-1 sucrose combined with 10 or 20 g L-1 sorbitol reduced the growth in a critical way, making it clear that the water stress caused was not tolerated by the plants, negatively interfering in its development. Treatment with 15 g L-1 sucrose combined with 5 g L-1 sorbitol promoted the best result, allowing the conservation of plants for 120 days.
Precision and accuracy of sampling methods in thinned Pinus taeda L. stands
Authors: Miranda Rodrigo Otávio Veiga , Zarpelon Felipe De Antoni , Kohler Síntia Valério , Soares Alvaro Augusto Vieira , Miranda Izabele Domingues Soares , Kuchla Wilson Cesar
Published: January 2022

Different sampling methods can be used in forest surveys. It is important to know the precision and accuracy of these sampling methods, and which one is the most appropriate in specific conditions of the forest population. The aim of this study was to compare estimates of a forest inventory performed by different sampling methods with forest census results. The sampling methods evaluated were the fixed-area method and the variable-area methods of Bitterlich, Prodan, and Strand. The data were obtained in a 15-year-old thinned stand of Pinus taeda L., located in the municipality of Teixeira Soares, southern Brazil, with a total area of 12.80 ha. Initially, the forest census was carried out, and subsequently, the sample units for each sampling method were distributed in the stand, with a common starting point. The variables used to compare the sample results with the census means were quadratic diameter, number of trees, basal area, and volume, per hectare. Precision and accuracy were evaluated by sampling error and whether the confidence intervals covered the population means, respectively. The fixed-area and Bitterlich methods stood out in precision for all variables analysed. The fixed-area, Bitterlich and Strand methods with proportion to height provided more accurate estimates. The Prodan method provided inaccurate and imprecise estimates for the variables under analysis, except for the quadratic diameter.
PRUNING Araucaria angustifolia FOR KNOT-FREE TIMBER PRODUCTION
Authors: Dobner Jr. Mário
Published: January 2022

Although A. angustifolia is currently economically unimportant, the worldwide trend of conservation through the sustainable use of natural resources together with an intense discussion of governmental regulations and the recent results of genetic breeding started in the 1970s are delivering promising perspectives for a new wave of plantations. This study aimed to determine optimal pruning strategies by evaluating the diameter and height growth of young A. angustifolia trees as affected by different pruning intensities. Pruning quality in terms of occlusion and defect-core size were also investigated. At the age of 6 years, the pruning experiment was started by conducting six different pruning intensities, named after the number of whorls left after pruning (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8), as well as unpruned (U) trees as a control. From the results obtained in the present study, it was concluded that pruning intensity had a significant negative effect on the growth of young A. angustifolia trees. Diameter was more affected than height growth. Pruning young A. angustifolia trees for knotty-free timber production must be conducted keeping 8 whorls after the intervention if no negative effect in current annual increment in diameter is to be observed when compared to unpruned trees. A defect core of 15 cm seems to be a feasible target for the species regarding optimal pruning intensity to avoid losses in diameter growth. This is strongly dependent on a fast occlusion process, which, in turn, is a result of a careful pruning technique.
INPUTS OPTIMIZATION IN THE SEEDLINGS PRODUCTION OF Corymbia citriodora E Eucalyptus dunnii
Authors: Costella Claudia , Araujo Maristela Machado , Pasquetti Berghetti Álavro Luís , Aimi Suelen Carpenedo , Santos de Lima Marllos , Griebeler Adriana Maria
Published: January 2022

Corymbia citriodora and Eucalyptus dunnii are species of relevant importance due to the quality of the wood and growth potential in Southern Brazil. Therefore, we aimed to identify containers and doses of controlled-release fertilizer capable of enhancing the morphophysiological quality and growth of these species in the nursery, aiming for the proper management of these inputs. The seedlings were produced in two volumes of containers (50 e 110 cm³), filled with Sphagnum peat-based substrate, mixed with different doses of controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) NPK 15-09-12 (0, 3, 6, 9 e 12 g L-1 of substrates). In addition, the morphological (height, stem diameter, leaf area, dry weight of shoot, root, and total) and physiological (chlorophyll a and b index and quantum yield of the photosystem II) attributes were evaluated. The morphological attributes proved to be suitable indicators of the quality of C. citriodora and E. dunnii seedlings, allowing to recommend the container of 50 cm³ and the doses of 9.0 g L-1 of controlled-release fertilizer for both species. At the same time, the physiological variables evaluated were not responsive to the effect of the treatments.
EFFECTS OF METEOROLOGICAL VARIABLES ON Pinus caribaea GROWTH IN DIFFERENT AGES AT THE AMAZON REGION.
Authors: Miranda Lima de Lima Gabriel , Sebastião Braga Gomes Nei , Augusto da Cunha Thiago , Figueiredo Filho Afonso
Published: January 2022

This study compares the impact of five meteorological variables on the diametric growth of Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis Barrett & Golfari in Vilhena, Rondônia. One thousand nine hundred sixty-eight trees were evaluated and classified at different ages: 600 trees were one year old; 600 trees were two years old; 768 trees were 13 years. The diameter measurement at the soil level (SL) was conducted in young stands between one and two years old. In the stand with 13 years old, the diameter was measured at 1.3 m (DCH). Using a Pressler borer, 50 increment cores were removed at DCH to measure the tree rings in LINTAB™ 6. The diametric growth was evaluated through the Periodic Increment (PI) for young stands and Current Annual Increment (CAI) for adult stands. The following variables were considered: average temperature (°C), precipitation (mm), solar radiation (Kj m-²), real evapotranspiration (mm), and maximum relative humidity (%). The Pearson Correlation Coefficient (r) proposed by Callegari-Jacques and the coefficient of variation (CV%) were used to establish the relationship between growth and meteorological variables. For young stands, the variables with higher positive correlation were real evapotranspiration and maximum relative humidity. However, the variable with a higher positive correlation in adult stands was average temperature, demonstrating a strong correlation until the sixth year of the species.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOISTURE CONTENT AND FLAMMABILITY OF CERRADO SPECIES IN SOUTHERN TOCANTINS
Authors: De Oliveira Marcileia Dias , Giongo Marcos
Published: January 2022

This study aimed to analyze the relationship between moisture content and flammability of nine plant species from the Cerrado in southern Tocantins. The species studied were: Machaerium brasiliense, Qualea grandiflora, Luehea grandiflora, Campomanesia guaviroba, Astronium fraxinifolium, Curatella americana, Bauhinia forficata, Vatairea macrocarpa, and Anacardium Occidentale. The plants were analyzed at four moisture contents (M1, M2, M3, and M4). For each level, 50 samples (1 g ± 0.1 g) of each species were collected, and 50 repetitions of burning were performed. The parameters analyzed were: time to ignition (TI), frequency of ignition (FI), duration of combustion (DC), combustion index (CI), flammability value (FV), and height of flames (HF). Our results showed that moisture contents influence flammability in Cerrado plant species. The correlation coefficients between moisture and flammability parameters were r = 0.951 (TI), r = -0.962 (DC), r = -0.977 (HF), and r = -0.988 (FI).
VOLUMETRIC PRODUCTION OF EUCALYPTUS SPP. CLONES UNDER DIFFERENT SPACING IN A SEVERE DROUGHT PERIOD IN THE SEMI-ARID REGION OF PERNAMBUCO, BRAZIL
Authors: Silva José Wesley Lima , Silva José Antônio Aleixo da , Tavares José Alves
Published: January 2022

The adaptation of Eucalyptus clones in the Chapada of Araripe, PE, Brazil was observed after implementing experiments with fast-growing forests. This region has a high demand for alternative energy sources due to the Gypsum Pole, basically maintaining its energy matrix from the exploitation of Caatinga vegetation. Therefore, as a way to increase the gains in volumetric productivity in planting Eucalyptus spp. clones, it is important to understand which spacing levels provide the best competition between individuals. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate if the volumetric productivity of Eucalyptus spp. clones is affected by different spacing levels in stands implanted under severe weather conditions in Chapada of Araripe, PE, Brazil. The experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station of the Pernambuco Agronomic Institute (IPA) in the municipality of Araripina, PE, Brazil. Three Eucalyptus clones (C11, C39 and C41) with five spacing levels (2 m x 1 m, 2 m x 2 m, 3 m x 2 m, 3 m x 3 m and 4 m x 2 m) were arranged in a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement (3 x 5). The survival rate of the experiment was higher than 94%, even under conditions of water stress. The highest volume productivity was obtained with the C39 clone in the 2 m x 1 m spatial arrangement. The spatial arrangement strongly influences productivity. Even with the severe drought condition regulating productivity, the C39 clone showed MAI values of 15.92 m3 ha-1 year-1.
SURVIVAL AND NATURAL REGENERATION OF FOREST ESSENCES CULTIVATED IN ALTERED AREAS THIRTY-FIVE YEARS AFTER PLANTING
Authors: Araújo da Silva Harley , Da Cunha Thiago Augusto , Da Rocha Passos Veronica Telma
Published: January 2022

The evaluation of the survival and natural regeneration of tree species in a 35-year-old plantation was carried out to identify the species established in the area, aiming at their recommendation in forest restoration plantations in the State of Acre. In the 1980s, 138 forest species were planted in two experimental units (EU), of 1.38 ha each, in the Zoobotanical Park (ZP) of the Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco campus. The main activities carried out in the area, prior to planting, were agriculture and cattle raising.  Survival status was measured through a census of all individuals planted at the time, who were still alive. In addition, all regenerating individuals from planted species were surveyed in the effective planting area of the experimental units. At the time of evaluation, living individuals of 41 and 46 species were found in experimental units 1 (EU-1) and 2 (EU-2), respectively. The species Syagrus sancona, Talisia esculenta, Acacia polyphylla, Couepia bracteosa, Mangifera indica, Syzygium cumini and Copaifera multijuga showed survival rates above 90% in at least one of the experimental units. Only Syagrus sancona and Handroanthus serratifolius presented high survival rates in both experimental. Regenerating individuals of the species Aspidosperma vargasii, Couepia bracteosa, Euterpe precatoria, Handroanthus serratifolius, Oenocarpus mapora, Onychopetalum periquino and Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum were found in the two EU.
HARVESTER PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS IN CLEAR CUTTING Pinus taeda STANDS UNDER DIFFERENT MANAGEMENT REGIMES
Authors: Stadler Juliano Araujo , Lopes Eduardo Da Silva , Rodrigues Carla Krulikowski , De Oliveira Felipe Martins , Diniz Carlos Cézar Cavassin
Published: January 2022

The increased demand for several forest products makes it necessary to apply different management regimes in forest stands, which may influence the wood harvesting operations. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of average individual tree volumes obtained through different management regimes on harvester productivity and costs, thereby enabling to generate information for forest managers. The study was carried out in three Pinus taeda L. stands under clear cutting with different average individual tree volumes (AIV): I (0.367 m3); II (0.582 m3); and III (0.766 m3). Working cycle times, productivity per productive machine hour, energy yield and production costs were obtained by a time and motion study, in which the average values obtained were compared by the Tukey-Kramer test (α ≤ 0.05). The work elements of the harvester’s work cycles were affected by forest management regimes, mainly the movement and the processing, with significant statistical difference between stands, but no difference between total working cycle times. The management regime applied to forest stands influenced the spacing and whole trunk volume which consequently increased the average productivity of the machine from 36.8 to 74.1 m³ per productive machine hour in treatments I and III, respectively, and reduced production costs by 50%. The forest management regimes influenced the clear-cutting operation with harvester.
ДЕТСКИЕ ЧЕРЕПНО-МОЗГОВЫЕ ТРАВМЫ И ИХ ПОСЛЕДСТВИЯ / CHILDHOOD TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURIES AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES
Authors: Grigoryan Astghik
Published: January 2022

Черепно-мозговые травмы – довольно частое явление в детском возрасте. В результате черепно-мозговых травм могут наблюдаться разнообразные двигательные, когнитивные и познавательные нарушения, а также такие психические процессы, как расстройства памяти, восприятия, внимания и речи. Успешное лечение требует систематического реабилитационного подхода. / Pediatric cranio-cerebral injuries, which are quite common, are likely to result in a range of traumatic injuries: motional, cognitive and perceptive. Childhood brain injuries are associated with such subsequent mental illnesses and processes as poor memory functioning, distorted perception, attention and speech disorders. Effective treatment process requires an integrated and systematic rehabilitation approach.
ANAYASA MAHKEMESİ KARARLARINDA HÜKMÜN DENETLENMESİNİ TALEP ETME HAKKI
Authors: GÜNDÜZ F. Ebru , GÜNDÜZ Hakan
Published: January 2022

Kişinin, hakkında verilmiş bir mahkeme kararına karşı bu kararın bir başka yargı merci tarafından denetlenmesi için başvurabilmesi, kanun yolu olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Kişinin bu imkana sahip olması, hak arama hürriyeti ile adil yargılanma hakkının da bir gereğidir. Bununla beraber Yasa Koyucu tarafından usul ekonomisi ilkesi gereğince bazı mahkeme kararlarına karşı kanun yoluna başvurma hakkının sınırlandırıldığı görülmektedir. Farklı kanunlardaki ilk derece mahkemelerinin kararlarının kesin olduğuna veya mahkeme kararına karşı kanun yoluna başvurma imkânının bulunmadığına ilişkin düzenlemeler, Anayasa Mahkemesinin norm denetimine konu olduğu gibi; bireysel başvuru kararlarına da konu olmuştur. Anayasa Mahkemesi çeşitli tarihlerde vermiş olduğu kararlarda, kanun yoluna başvurma hakkını sınırlayan pek çok kanun hükmünün Anayasa’ya aykırı olmadığına karar vermiştir. Ancak Anayasa Mahkemesi, bu konuya ilişkin son yıllarda yapmış olduğu denetimlerde “hükmün denetlenmesini talep etme hakkı” kavramını kullanarak, bu hakka orantısız bir sınırlama getiren kanun hükümlerinin iptaline karar vermiştir. Çalışmamızda Anayasa Mahkemesinin bu konuya ilişkin değerlendirmeleri ve kanun yoluna başvurma hakkının sınırlandırılmasının sonuçları incelenmiştir.
BİR TRİYAJ KANUNUNA İHTİYAÇ VAR MI?
Authors: ÇAP Güneş
Published: January 2022

COVID-19 pandemisinde gördüğümüz gibi, pandemi sınırlı sağlık kaynaklarının kullanımı ile ilgili çok temel bir sorunu gözler önüne sermektedir. Yoğun bakım kaynaklarının yetersiz kalması, triyaj kararlarını kaçınılmaz hale getirecektir. Hukuki kesinlik ve hesap verilebilirlik ihtiyacı bu noktada triyaj kararlarının alınması ile igili bir takım hukuki düzenlemelerin varlığını zorunlu hale getirmektedir.

Bu makale öncelikli olarak Türk Hukukunda triyaj kararlarının hukuki temellerini araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu araştırma, ex-ante, ex-post ve önleyici triyaj olmak üzere üç farklı triyaj kararı türünün incelenmesine dayanmaktadır.

Bu çalışmada; hangi triyaj ölçütlerinin kabul edilebilir ve/veya uygun olduğu sorusu ile birlikte aynı zamanda hukuk düzeni içerisinde nihayetinde kimin triyaja karar vermesi gerektiği sorusu da tartışmanın önemli bir noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Bu kapsamda yanıt bulmayı bekleyen bir diğer soru da Türkiye özelinde bir triyaj kanununa ihtiyaç olup olmadığıdır.
Attentional control and its relationship to the accuracy of some types of basketball shooting for Iraqi youth club’s players
Authors: Alyaa Mohammed Ali  , Intisar Uaid
Published: January 2022

ان اهمية هذه الدراسة تتجلى في كونها محاولة للتعرف على السيطرة الانتباهية وعلاقتها بدقة بعض انواع التصويب بكرة السلة للاعبي الشباب لأندية للشباب للموسم (2020-2021).
وتتلخص مشكلة البحث بالتعرف على مستوى بعض القدرات العقلية ومنها السيطرة الانتباهية متمثلة بالتركيز الانتباهي والتحول الانتباهي والمرونة الانتباهية وعلاقتهم بدقة بعض انواع التصويب بكرة السلة للاعبي شباب اندية القطر.
وقد هدفت الدراسة الى التعرف على العلاقة بين السيطرة الانتباهية ودقة اداء بعض انواع التصويب بكرة السلة للاعبي اندية الشباب بكرة السلة للموسم 2020-2021واستخدمت الباحثتان المنهج الوصفي بأسلوب الدراسة المسحية والعلاقات الارتباطية وتحدد مجتمع البحث بلاعبي الشباب لأندية العراق بكرة السلة والبالغ عددهم (160)لاعبا من اصل (16) نادي وهم نادي (العمارة, .دجلة ,ذي قار ,السماوة ,الكوت ,الشرقية, الناصرية, بغداد, الميناء, الكرخ ,الاتحاد ,النفط ,الاعظمية ,الشرطة ,التضامن ,نفط الجنوب ) ثم اختير منهم عينة عددها (50)لاعبا بالطريقة العشوائية وهم لاعبي اندية (العمارة, بغداد, الكرخ, النفط, الاعظمية) واجريت عليهم اختبار مقياس السيطرة الانتباهية وبعد معالجة النتائج تبين انه يتمتع بعض اللاعبين الشباب بكرة السلة بمستوى عال في السيطرة الانتباهية ودقة اداء بعض انواع التصويب بكرة السلة الشباب.
لذا توصي الباحثتان الى ضرورة الاهتمام بالعمليات العقلية ومنها (التركيز الانتباهي ,التحول الانتباهي ,المرونة الانتباهية) وكذلك اعتماد مقياس السيطرة الانتباهية كأدات للتعرف على مستوى بعض ما يمتلكه  اللاعبين من قدرات عقلية
Belief revision as a problem of scientific epistemology
Authors: Shramko Yaroslav V.
Published: January 2022

The fundamental question that must be answered by any theory of knowledge that claims to be adequate is the question of how it is possible to change our knowledge. The very fact of change undoubtedly takes place, and the problem is to theoretically explicate this fact. The methodological significance of this issue is due to the fact that changing knowledge means nothing more than its development, namely, the question of the ways and means of developing our knowledge is of central importance both for the logic and methodology of science, and for general epistemology. This work is of a review character, and aims to draw the reader’s attention to a new promising direction in the modern theory of knowledge called “belief revision”.
Experimental capabilities of seismic emission tomography for solving the problems of searching and exploration of deep hydrocarbon accumulations
Authors:   Oil and Gas Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Chebotareva I. Ya.
Published: January 2022

The standard seismic prospecting has been designed to investigate thin layering at shallow depths. At depths more than 4 km the rocks are significantly compacted, change their properties and it is often impossible to trace clear horizons by reflected waves. In the crystalline basement and lower horizons of the sedimentary cover the block structure of rocks is clearly manifested. Taking this into account geological models should be developed and other predictive indicators should be used when searching for hydrocarbon accumulations. For the study of great depths more informative seismic methods are emission and transmission tomography which have been developed in detail in seismology. This article discusses prognostic indicators different from seismic prospecting and presents experimental results confirming the success of emission tomography in their detection using the example of field studies at developed hydrocarbon deposit and other geophysical objects. The range of working depths of research covers the entire crust of the Earth including the crust-mantle transition zone. Keywords: seismic emission; emission tomography; rocks; hydrocarbon deposits.