bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Ethanol on the Rate of Galactose Elimination in Women Taking Oral Contraceptives and in Pregnant Women
Authors: Kesäniemi A. , Kurppa K.
Published: December 2009

Peroral galactose tolerance tests with and without ethanol intake were performed on pregnant women with various clinical diagnoses, on women taking oral contraceptives and on control patients. The influence of ethanol on the rate of galactose elimination was normal in the control group and the group taking oral contraceptives. In half of the gravidae a diminished effect of ethanol on galactose elimination was observed. This indicates that in many pregnant women ethanol does not reduce the redox state of the liver.
Placental Localization by the Gamma Camera and Doppler Flowmeter
Authors: Laakso L. , Kivikoski A. , Rauramo L.
Published: December 2009

The placenta was localized in 99 women, between the 35th and 40th week of pregnancy, by both the Doppler flowmeter and the gamma camera, using 300 μCi 99 mTc as the tracer. The conclusion from each method was the same in 84 cases (85%) and different in 15 cases. In only 4 of these latter cases was the placenta located in opposite quadrants of the uterus by the two methods. According to the results obtained, use of the Doppler flowmeter is a suitable screening test.
Morphology of the Fetal Adrenal Cortex, and Maternal Urinary Oestriol Excretion in Pregnancy
Authors: Bech Karine
Published: December 2009

A morphological examination of the fetal zone of the adrenal cortex has been carried out in 562 controls and 58 pathological cases, and maternal urinary oestriol excretion has been determined during the pregnancies, in order to elucidate the role of the fetal adrenals. The pathological cases consisted of infants of mothers with Rh‐immunization, diabetes mellitus and toxaemia, together with a small group without any common features other than low oestriol excretion.

The adrenal weight was found to be correlated to the normal urinary oestriol excretion, and to a lesser degree to reduced excretion.

Both in Rh‐immunization and diabetes mellitus the degree of necrosis in the fetal zone was increased, while the amount of haemorrhage did not differ from the controls. Moreover, in Rh‐immunization an accumulation of lipid in the fetal zone was found. The morphological changes were related to the maternal oestriol excretion, and to the concentration of haemoglobin in infants of mothers with Rh‐immunization, but not to the severity of the maternal diseases.

In toxaemia only cases with reduced maternal oestriol excretion differed from the controls, and both increased haemorrhage and necrosis were found, without any relation to the degree of toxaemia. In three toxaemic cases the width of the foetal zone was reduced. This was not found in any of the other groups. The rest showed massive necrosis of the foetal zone in three cases, lipid accumulation in one, and hypoplastic adrenals in one.

The importance of the morphological findings in the fetal adrenals of infants of mothers with Rh‐immunization, diabetes mellitus and toxaemia is discussed.
Low Fibrinolytic Activity of Veins During Treatment with Ethinylo Estradiol
Authors: Åstedt Birger
Published: December 2009

Treatment of post‐menopausal women with ethinyloestradiol before operation for prolapse in a dose of 250 micrograms a day for 10 days significantly suppressed the fibrinolytic activity–determined histochemically–in the vein walls. It enhanced the spontaneous fibrinolytic activity in the blood, and the response of the local fibrinolytic activity of the blood to venous occlusion of the arms tended to increase. These findings may be explained by the assumption that ethinyloestradiol inhibits the synthesis of activators of fibrinolysis or stimulates their release to a rate exceeding that of their production. Each alternative would result in diminution of the activator content of the vessel walls.
Treatment of Cancer of the Vulva
Authors: Jeppesen J. T. , Sell A. , Skjoldborg H.
Published: December 2009

The results of various forms of primary treatment of cancer of the vulva during the decade 1958‐1968 in the Radium Centre, Århus Municipal Hospital, University of Århus, are submitted. The series consists of 67 patients classified by the T‐N‐M system (U.I.C.C. 1967). Comparison of 29 patients treated by vulvectomy and node dissection with 26 patients treated by less extensive surgery without node dissection showed a 19% higher corrected 4 year survival and a 14% lower nodal recurrence rate in the former group although according to the T‐N‐M classification it must be presumed to have contained rather more advanced cancers. There was quite a marked difference between the clinical assessment of the regional lymph nodes and the histological findings at dissection. This applied to the histologically positive as well as negative lymph nodes. A review of the literature shows that the present results are in keeping with previous publications which have shown that the treatment of choice in cancer of the vulva is still total vulvectomy with routine dissection of the superficial and deep inguinal lymph nodes, supplemented by dissection of the iliac lymph nodes, if histological examination during the operation shows positive lymph nodes in the inguinal region.
Triplets Pregnancy with a Normal Foetus and a Dicephalus Dibrachius Sirenomelus
Authors: Vestergaard Per
Published: December 2009

A two‐headed monster and a normal foetus in the same pregnancy have not been described previously in the literature. The delivery of a case of this nature is reported and some speculations as to the aetiology of the formation of double monsters, based on experimental investigations of animal embryos, are outlined.
Urinary Tract Infections in Association with Radium Therapy for Gynecological Cancer
Authors: Widholm O. , Mattsson T.
Published: December 2009

The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of radium therapy on the development of urinary tract infections in patients with gynecological carcinoma. The series comprised 167 patients treated with one or more radium applications. The patients' mean age was 57 years. The treatments were given at 14‐day intervals by a modified Stockholm method. Before each radium application, a quantitative bacterial culture of the urine was carried out. The patients' urological status was observed throughout the period of treatment. About 16% had a urinary tract infection on admission. Even after the first radium treatment the number of urinary tract infections had trebled, and despite prophylactic chemotherapy it remained at the same high level until the completion of therapy. Radium therapy and the accompanying manipulations produced severe bladder irritation often associated with infection. It is obviously necessary to devote increasing attention to the occurrence of latent urinary tract infections in the treatment of patients with gynecological cancer. By so doing, unnecessary tissue irritation, hydronephrosis, and later fistula formation can be reduced.
Perfusion of the Isolated Human Uterus
Authors: Tojo Shimpei , Sakai Takashi , Kanazawa Seiichi , Mochizuki Matsuto
Published: December 2009

The authors developed a new machine for organ perfusion and by using this succeeded in preserving an isolated human uterus in a condition of normal body temperature and humidity of 100 percent.

Moreover, the authors succeeded in preserving a trophoblastic tumor in utero.

1. Concerning the machine, (a) The use of a fluid amplifier gives long durability and allows long operation of the machine, (b) Blood destruction is negligible with the diaphragm‐pump, (c) The flow rate and pressure of the perfusate can be controlled easily by changing the supply‐pressure and the stroke of pump, (d) The wave form of the pulse can be made to approximate that in the living body, (e) The temperature of the perfusate is controlled automatically to normal body temperature. (f) The input and output of the perfusate are balanced by a control mechanism.

2. Concerning the experimental results (a), the authors succeeded in preserving an isolated human uterus for more than 5 hours at normal body temperature, (b) The most useful tests of uterine function are the electromyogram, the lactate‐, pyruvate concentration and ratio, (c) The authors also succeeded in preserving a trophoblastic tumor in an isolated uterus. In this experiment, it was also useful to test the HCG and HPL concentration in the perfusate and to study tritiated thymidine radio‐autograms of the tumor cells. (d) Prostaglandin F2α is very useful for the study of the activity of the isolated human uterus.
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance, Insulin Response, Fasting Blood Glucose and Serum Insulin During Short‐Term Administration of a Combined Oral Contraceptive
Authors: Nielsen F. Hassing
Published: December 2009

A series of 25 healthy women, 13 of whom had a tendency to diabetes, was studied for 5 consecutive menstrual cycles, with regard to the effect of a combined oral contraceptive containing O.S mg norgestrel and 0.05 mg ethinylestradiol (Eugynon®) on the carbohydrate metabolism. The following tests were performed on these women at midcycle in the cycle prior to, in the two cycles during, and in the second cycle after administration of the drug: Fasting blood sugar, i.v. glucose‐tolerance, fasting insulin and insulin response to i.v. glucose injection. The drug was administered daily from the fifth to twenty‐fifth day of cycles two and three. Thus each subject served as her own control.

The statistical analysis of the results showed no alteration in the fasting blood sugar or difference between those with a diabetic tendency and those without. Glucose assimilation was significantly improved during the second cycle of administration and the follow‐up cycle, this was not dependent on the tendency to diabetes. The women with a tendency to diabetes had a significantly slower assimilation than those with no such tendency. However, this difference remained constant throughout the period under study. The results of the fasting insulin test remained unchanged during the investigation, no difference was seen between the two groups of women, those with the tendency to the disease and those without. The insulin response test showed slightly higher values during the two cycles of administration, this increase was significant, and was seen to occur in both groups. The women with a diabetic tendency had slightly higher values in the insulin response test than those of the women belonging to the other group, the difference was not significant except in the second cycle of drug intake.
Ultrasonic Pelvimetry
Authors: Kratochwil A. , Zeibekis N.
Published: December 2009

In recent years a high accuracy in measuring the biparietal diameter by ultrasonography has been achieved. As this is only one parameter in forecasting cephalo‐pelvic disproportion a study was made to determine whether the true conjugate can be measured by utrasound with approximately the same reliability as the biparietal diameter. First, one‐dimensional ultrasound studies were compared with X‐ray measurements. Later, equipment was used which allows simultaneous display on two oscilloscopes of the B‐scan for orientation and the A‐mode trace for exact measurement. To exclude disproportion in the mid‐pelvis a vaginal / rectal probe was constructed. In longitudinal scans, information about the form of the birth canal is obtainable. Transverse scans performed at the level of the symphysis provide information on the pelvic entrance. To evaluate ultrasonic pelvimetry the outcome of labour in 246 cases was analysed. The study demonstrates that ultrasonic pelvimetry can be an invaluable supplementary aid to X‐ray diagnosis of cephalo‐pelvic‐disproportion especially in cases of breech presentation. Because it is often possible to diagnose cephalo‐pelvic disproportion conclusively by using ultrasonic pelvimetry, X‐ray examination can be restricted to borderline cases. In this manner it is possible therefore to reduce radiation dosage.
Intraarterial Blood Pressure and Peripheral Vascular Resistance in the Leg and Arm During the First Trimester of Primipregnancy
Authors: Sandström Bo , Schmalensee Gustav v.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The intraarterial blood pressure was measured at rest and during reactive hyperaemia of the lower legs in seven primigravidae during the first trimester and in six subjects 2 weeks after early legal abortion. Blood pressure measurements were taken in the right brachial artery and in both femoral arteries. Under conditions of rest the mean blood pressure in the femoral artery in relation to the mean pressure in the brachial artery was lower during early pregnancy than 2 weeks after abortion. The peripheral vascular resistance per 100 ml tissue was calculated on the basis of earlier blood flow investigations and the mean arterial blood pressures reported here. At rest it was found to be higher in the arm than in the leg. During reactive hyperaemia in the lower legs the peripheral vascular resistance was found to be almost the same during early pregnancy and 2 weeks after early abortion.
Free Zone Electrophoresis of Amniotic Fluid in Normal Pregnancies and in Pregnancies Complicated by Haemolytic Disease
Authors: Jonasson Lars‐Erik , Hjertén Stellan
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Sixty‐four samples of undialysed amniotic fluid were analysed in a free zone electrophoresis apparatus equipped with an ultra‐violet (UV) scanning attachment for quantitative determinations of the protein concentrations. Total protein concentrations were measured by a biuret method. The electrophoretic patterns of amniotic fluid were generally simpler than those from maternal or cord serum or plasma. The albumin fraction showed the highest correlation to total protein levels in amniotic fluid both in normal pregnancies and in pregnancies complicated by haemolytic disease. Samples from pregnancies complicated by moderate to serious haemolytic disease showed a tendency to a more rapid decrease of the main protein fractions during the later phase of pregnancy. No significant connections could be found between the main protein fractions and cord blood haemoglobin or bilirubin concentrations. A probably significant correlation existed between the values for the albumin fraction and the values for amniotic fluid bile pigments (ΔE450) in normal pregnancies but not in pregnancies with haemolytic disease. A high nonprotein peak in the patterns from amniotic fluid was found to consist mainly of uric acid. The size of this peak was positively correlated with infant birth weight and negatively correlated with concentrations of albumin and total protein in normal pregnancies. Polyacrylamide gel gradient electrophoresis of some samples showed amniotic fluid to be rich in proteins with relatively low molecular weights.
Continuous Recording of Uteroplacental Blood Volume in the Human
Authors: Lippert T. H. , Cloeren S. E. , Fridrich R. , Hinselmann M.
Published: December 2009

A method for the continuous recording of uteroplacental blood volume has been described. A radioactive isotope (γ emitter) which is retained in the blood stream is injected into a cubital vein and the organ is surveyed externally using a γ detector. The activity measured is directly proportional to the blood volume surveyed by the detector. The method is satisfactory for organs with a large blood volume compared to that of the tissues intervening between organ and detector. Therefore uteroplacental blood volume changes can be compared with those of other organs. Applications of the method in diagnosis and therapeutics have been discussed.
Fertility, Motility and Penetration in Cervical Mucus of Freeze‐Preserved Human Spermatozoa
Authors: Ulstein Magnar
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Fertility, pre‐freeze and post‐thaw sperm motility, penetration ability and duration of motility in cervical mucus of spermatozoa were studied in 7 heterologous insemination donors and in 4 men in connection with homologous inseminations. No conception occurred after 50 heterologous and 15 homologous inseminations using semen preserved at—196°C. The post‐thaw motility, penetration ability and duration of motility in cervical mucus of spermatozoa were reduced by the freeze‐preservation procedure. The fertilizing capacity of freeze‐pre‐served semen was more reduced than expected from the post‐thaw sperm motility and penetration ability. The semen quality was of significant importance for the post‐thaw sperm motility and penetration ability.
Trimethoprim‐Sulfonamide Combination Administered Orally and Intravaginally in the First Trimester of Pregnancy: Its Absorption into Serum and Transfer to Amniotic Fluid
Authors: Ylikorkala O. , Sjöstedt E. , Järvinen P. A. , Tikkanen R. , Raines T.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The absorption of trimethoprim‐sulfonamide combination into serum and transfer to the amniotic fluid after oral and intravaginal administration was studied on 134 patients undergoing legal abortion. The combination given orally as a single dose was absorbed rapidly: the peak levels of both trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole in serum were reached within 4 hours. In amniotic fluid, the peak level of trimethoprim appeared within 14 hours and that of sulfamethoxazole within 10 hours. After a single intravaginal application of cream, the absorption of trimethoprim into serum and transfer to the amniotic fluid was smaller although measurable amounts could be demonstrated. After repeated intravaginal application during several days no accumulation of trimethoprim in serum or amniotic fluid could be detected.
Low Dose Intermittent Epidural Anaesthesia with Lidocaine for Vaginal Delivery
Authors: Zador Göran , Englesson Sören , Nilsson Bo A.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. In 190 women with uncomplicated pregnancies, intermittent epidural analgesia was given by means of injections of about 50 mg lidocaine without (Series I), or with epinephrine 1:200,000 (series II) at one hour intervals during the first stage of labour. During the second stage the analgesia was maintained by 100 mg of lidocaine at an average interval of one hour. The mean total dose of lidocaine administered in series I was 409 mg, and 258 mg in series II. The degree of pain relief in series II was most satisfactory according to results obtained by a specially designed scoring system. In series I the method was less efficacious, since the preliminary scheme for administration of the drug, e.g. 50 mg per hour, was not practicable. In series I an increase in the blood lidocaine concentrations was observed after each injection in a majority of the parturients. The highest lidocaine concentration in maternal venous blood was in this series 2.6 mcg/ml. In series II the lidocaine concentrations in maternal venous blood and foetal scalp blood were generally low and showed a minimal tendency to accumulate. In this series the highest lidocaine concentration in maternal venous blood was 1.3 mcg/ml, and 0.6 mcg/ml in foetal scalp blood. The umbilical venous concentration of the drug was on an average about 56 per cent, and the umbilical arterial concentration 43 per cent of the maternal venous levels. With the exception of an initial peak, the lidocaine concentrations in maternal arterial and venous blood were found to be very similar when the presented low dose regimen was practised. The rate of vacuum extraction was in series I 40 per cent and in series II 31 per cent.
PROSTAGLANDIN F2α AND OXYTOCIN COMPARED WITH HYPERTONIC SALINE AND OXYTOCIN FOR THE INDUCTION OF SECOND TRIMESTER ABORTION
Authors: Nielsen Kaj Rathkens , Gregersen Erik , Larsen Jørgen Falck , Olsen Carl Eli
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Second trimester abortion was induced in a randomized investigation using a single dose of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) in combination with oxytocin in one group of patients, and hypertonic saline (20%) in combination with oxytocin in another group of patients. Oxytocin was administered in order to induce a rapid abortion, and was given intravenously in a glucose drip (100 I.U. oxytocin added to 1 litre of 5% glucose). Administration rate was 10 I.U./hour. The PG‐group consisted of 16 patients. The mean induction‐abortion interval for this group was 14.2 hours, and all patients aborted within 24 hours. In three cases the bleeding exeeded 200 ml. In one of these cases infection occurred. Only mild side effects occurred. The saline group also consisted of 16 patients. The mean induction‐abortion interval in this group was 21.5 hours. Eleven patients aborted within 24 hours. In two cases the bleeding exceeded 200 ml. No side effects occurred. Intraamniotic instillation of PGF2α seems to be a good alternative to hypertonic saline for termination of second trimester pregnancies.
INDUCTION OF ABORTION BY DIFFERENT PROSTAGLANDIN ANALOGUES
Authors: Bygdeman Marc , Wiqvist Nils
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The clinical advantages and disadvantages of intra amniotic administration of PGF2á in comparison with hypertonic saline has recently been summarized by the Prostaglandin Task Force within the World Health Organization Expanded program. The investigation comprised approximately 1,500 patients treated randomly with the two methods. The main advantage of the PG method was a significantly shorter induction‐abortion interval and a lesser risk for serious complications and the significant disadvantage a slight increase in the mean frequency of minor complaints in terms of diarrhoea and vomiting. With PGF2α it seems difficult to obtain a “one shot” method to terminate second trimester pregnancy even with the intra‐amniotic route of administration. The 15‐methyl analogues seem more promising in this respect. The uterine response following administration of this compound is characterized by a more gradual initiation of uterine stimulation and a sustained effect. One intraamniotic injection of 2.5 mg 15‐methyl‐PGF2α induced abortion in nearly 100% of the cases and the incidence of side effects was low. Promising results with this compound have also been obtained following a single extra‐amniotic instillation or by repeated intra‐muscular injections. Vaginal administration of 15‐methyl PGF2α or its methyl ester can also be used for termination of pregnancy. Recently orally active PG analogues have become available for clinical testing. One of these compounds, 16,16‐dimethyl‐PGE2 may in some cases stimulate uterine contractility sufficiently to induce a second trimester abortion following repeated oral administration.
The Effect of Radium on Blood Flow in the Human Uterine Cervix Measured by Local Hydrogen Clearance
Authors: Klingenberg Inge
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Cervical blood flow was measured by the local hydrogen gas clearance method in 15 patients with untreated carcinoma of the uterine cervix and in 16 patients six to eight weeks after radium irradiation. Mean cervical blood flow was 75.5 ml/min. 100 g in the untreated group and 92.4 ml/min. 100 g in the treated group.
Screened Glucosuria During Pregnancy
Authors: Castrén Olli , Kallio Veikko , Ruponen Seppo
Published: December 2009

Abstract. 216 pregnant women with morning glucosuria observed twice at regular testing were subjected to intravenous glucose tolerance tests and serum lipid determinations. A Control Series consisted of 44 pregnant women. An additional group of 24 women with special obstetric histories was also studied. K‐values less than 1.0, pointing to diabetes mellitus, were observed in 4.4% of pregnant women with glucosuria, in 5.5% of the control group and in 26.1 % of women with special obstetric histories. No positive correlations were found between the K‐value and the duration of pregnancy at the time when glucosuria was detected, number of previous pregnancies, weight of newborn, maximal glucose content and 60 min glucose value during IVGTT. The serum lipid values (triglycerides, total and free cholesterol and non‐esterified fatty acids) were clearly elevated in all the groups. No correlation was found between the K‐value and serum lipid levels. It is concluded that the significance of screened glucosuria, even if recorded twice during pregnancy, is questionable. It is pointed out that it is worthwhile to study other groups, such as pregnant women with special obstetric histories, because of the high incidence of diabetes mellitus.
Tubal Pregnancies in Women Using Progestagen‐Only Contraception
Authors: Bergsjø Per , Langengen Harald , Aas Johannes
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Nine tubal pregnancies in women using progestagen‐only (norethisterone 0.30 mg daily) for contraception are reported. This number is so high in relation to the number of mini‐pill users that a causal relationship is suspected.
Study of Glucose‐6‐Phosphate and Isocitrate Dehydrogenases, DNA, RNA and Total Nitrogen in the Rabbit Placenta During its Hypertrophic Response to Ovariectomy
Authors: Pulkkinen M. O. , Willman K.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, DNA, RNA and total nitrogen were analysed in the rabbit placenta during its hypertrophic response to ovariectomy. Isocitrate dehydrogenase activity was increased in the experimental placentae. Glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase, DNA, RNA and total nitrogen were unchanged.
Construction of a Closure Mechanism for the External Urethral Orifice in Women—A Method to Treat Patients with Recurrent Urethritis Following Coitus
Authors: Ingelman‐Sundberg Axel
Published: December 2009

Abstract. An operation is described for women with a wide external urethral meatus, suffering from recurrent urethritis following intercourse. It consists of the formation of a structure similar to the frenulum of the prepuce in the male. On pulling this band the external urethral orifice will close. This will happen at penetration by the penis.
Lability of Human Decidual Cells. IN Vivo Effects of Hypertonic Saline
Authors: Gustavii Björn , Brunk Ulf
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Recently, decidual cells, in contrast to trophoblastic cells, were found to be exceedingly fragile in vitro. In the present investigation the stability, in vivo, of decidual cells was studied by histological and cytochemical methods. The material was obtained either by vacuum aspiration or hysterotomy at various intervals following intrauterine injection of 20 % saline solution. Fifteen minutes following the injection, decidual cells in part of the decidua showed distinct degenerative changes and signs of leakage into the cell cytoplasm of the lysosomal “marker” enzyme acid phosphatase. The extent of these changes and the number of cells involved increased in parallel with the interval between the injection and the evacuation. The alterations in the decidual cells were of the same type and magnitude whether the hypertonic solution was injected intra‐amniotically or extra‐amniotically. The present findings further support the hypothesis that the mechanism by which hypertonic saline provokes abortion involves damage of the decidua and subsequent liberation of prostaglandins.
Influence of Intrauterine Haemolysis on the Amniotic Fluid Phospholipid Concentration
Authors: Skjæraasen Julie , Lindback T.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The relationship between surfactant synthesis measured by amniotic fluid lecithin concentration and L/S ratio, and the degree of intrauterine haemolysis as judged by the Liley optical density difference, has been studied in 125 samples from 62 rhesus immunized pregnant women. In forty cases where the samples were obtained within one week of delivery, the results have been correlated with cord blood haemoglobin concentrations. There is evidence that a mild intrauterine haemolytic process may stimulate surfactant production while severe intrauterine haemolysis may be inhibitory in some cases. Intrauterine anaemia did not seem to have any effect upon respiratory function after birth as long as the L/S ratio was adequate.
Continuous Epidural Anaesthesia with A Low Frequency of Instrumental Deliveries
Authors: Maltau J. M. , Andersen H. T.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The results of 204 cases of regional analgesia by means of continuous epidural block during labour and delivery are reported. The frequency of instrumental intervention using forceps or the vacuum extractor is low, less than 15% for primi‐ and multi‐gravidas combined, although pathological conditions were recognized prior to blockade in almost one‐third of the parturients. Moreover, the frequency of emergency Caesarean section has dropped significantly since epidural anaesthesia was introduced into the clinic. The 1 min Apgar scores of babies born to mothers given epidural anaesthesia are similar to those of babies born to mothers receiving conventional analgesic agents. The amount of blood lost by mothers given epidural anaesthesia was, on average, 15% less than in a control group. It is concluded that the essential feature of our technique of administering continuous regional analgesia is a selective block of small pain fibres with the deep tactile sensations largely intact, and the motor pathways virtually unaffected. This has been achieved using small doses of bupivacaine 0.25% concentration and meticulous observation of the individual patient.
Tubal Surgery
Authors: Fjällbrant Bo
Published: December 2009

Abstract. A report is given of the results of tubal surgery in 101 cases selected from 851 sterility patients. The follow‐up time was 3–10 years. Ordinary surgical technique was applied with the use of prednisolone and antibiotics but largely without the use of polyethylene tubing or other splints. Fourteen surgeons were involved. Since the most experienced surgeon operated on about 30% of the cases, an assessment of the effect of the surgeon's skill was possible. The patients are divided into groups with regard to type of operation, and the result is judged with regard to conception, live birth, ectopic pregnancy and abortion as well as with regard to patency. After salpingolysis the conception rate was 52%, and after salpingostomy 32%. There was, however, a gap between the conception rate and the live birth rate, especially for the salpingostomy cases. The live birth rate was more than twice as high after salpingolysis than after salpingostomy. The small lasting effect of cut adhesions is also demonstrated by the observation that combined unilateral or bilateral lysis did not interfere with the result after salpingostomy. Contrary to this, the patients conceived faster after salpingostomy than after salpingolysis. There was no difference between the results in the patients operated on by the most experienced surgeon and in those treated by the thirteen less skilled gynecologists.
The Coagulation System During Caesarean Section
Authors: Hahn Lennart , Korsan‐Bengtsen Kristoffer
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Some parameters of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis have been studied in peripheral and uterine blood during elective Caesarean section in ten women. The levels of estradiol and progesterone were also studied. Before the operation there were lower levels of fibrinolytic inhibitors in uterine blood than in peripheral blood. Therefore the inhibitors present in the placenta seem to be restricted to the fetal circulation. During the course of the operation, there was a shortening of the activated partial thromboplastin time, APTT, in peripheral and uterine blood. The number of platelets and the factor VIII activity increased in uterine blood, and the values in peripheral blood also tended to increase. These changes speak in favour of a general clot promoting tendency after placental separation. After placental separation there was a lower plasminogen level in uterine blood compared to peripheral blood which supports a hypothesis of local uterine fibrinolysis after placental separation. The level of estradiol and progesterone in peripheral blood did not change during the operation. In uterine blood the concentrations of both hormones tended to decrease. No correlation was found between the levels of the hormones and the parameters of coagulation and fibrinolysis.
Intra‐Uterine Transfusion in the Management of Pregnant Women with Severe Rhesus Isoimmunization
Authors: Bock Johannes E.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The results of 51 intra‐uterine transfusions in 34 pregnant women with severe rhesus isoimmunization are presented. The survival rate is 56%. Factors influencing the fetal and neonatal mortality are considered, e.g. the gestational age at the initial intra‐uterine transfusion, the presence of fetal hydrops, and the interval from the initial intra‐uterine transfusion to delivery. The difficulties of the selection procedure are emphasized and it is stated that in some cases intra‐uterine transfusion should perhaps not be performed because of a predictable poor fetal prognosis. The significance of accumulating experience is discussed.
PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM A SWEDISH MULTICENTER TRIAL OF A NEW LOW DOSE COMBINED ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE
Authors: Ingemanson Carl Axel , Jägerhorn Magnus , Zizala Jaroslav , Nilsson Berit , Zador Göran
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Neovletta®, a new combined low estrogen‐low progestogen oral contraceptive was investigated in 226 women over 1921 cycles at three different clinics. This report constitutes a preliminary evaluation of a large seale multicenter study being conducted in Sweden. No pregnancy was reported during the observation period. The length of menstrual cycle was generally 28 days and withdrawal bleeding during the tablet free period was missed in only 0.9 per cent of the cycles. The duration of menstruation was shortened by about one day. The amount of menstrual flow, as registered by the women, showed a reduction during treatment. Spotting and breakthrough bleeding were increased during the first three treatment cycles, whereas from the fourth to 12th cycles the incidence of these bleeding irregularities was not much different from pretreatment values. A total of 46 women (20 per cent) discontinued treatment due to side‐effects of which bleeding irregularities constituted the major problem.
Urography and Renography in the Follow‐Up of Patients with Toxemia of Late Pregnancy
Authors: Pystynen P. , Laitinen S. , Makkonen M. , Penttilä I. M.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. We have studied 129 patients with toxemia of pregnancy two months post partum by urography and renography. The same investigations were performed on 17 healthy parturients post partum. 49 patients (38.8%) had an abnormality either in urography or renography. 20 patients (15.5%) had an abnormal urogram and 42 (32.6%) an abnormal renogram. The findings correlated so that 7 patients had an abnormal urogram with a normal renogram and 13 patients had an abnormality in both investigations. 29 patients had only an abnormal renogram. In the control series 3 patients had an abnormal urogram and the same patients also had an abnormal renogram. We divided the studied patients into groups according to the lcinical severity of toxemia. Urographic and renographic findings were divided evenly in the series so that abnormalities were no more common in the severe cases. Renography cannot be considered merely as a screening method when compared with urography in the follow‐up of toxemic patients, but these investigations are complementary.
Study of the Suppression of Lactation and the Influence on Blood Clotting with Bromocriptine (Cb 154) (Parlodel®): A Double Blind Comparison with Diethylstilboestrol
Authors: Nilsen P. A. , Meling Anne‐Berit , Abildgaard U.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Inhibition of lactation was studied in 38 puerperal women in a double blind trial to assess the effect of bromocriptine in comparison with diethylstilboestrol (DS). Simultaneously the influence of both compounds on blood clotting was studied, along with a control group of 20 women not receiving any medication. Bromocriptine was given in a daily dose of 5 mg for 14 days and DS in a daily dose of 20 mg for 7 days followed by a placebo for a further 7 days. The first doses were not later than 8 hours after delivery. Both compounds showed an inhibitory effect on the onset of lactation and mammary congestion. This inhibitory effect on both parameters was significantly in favour of bromocriptine during the last days of the treatment due to rebound in the DS group. The bromocriptine doses used (5 mg daily for 2 weeks) caused no objective side effects and no subjective restraint. Treatment with bromocriptine caused no untoward effect on the blood clotting, while in the DS group a slower return to normal antithrombin III could be observed. Also in this group one case of thrombophlebitis occurred. Bromocriptine can be administered to puerperal women for the suppression of lactation.
Leucine Aminopeptidase Activity in Maternal, Cord Blood and Placenta of Normal Pregnancy and in Pre‐Eclampsia
Authors: Ibrahim Fawzia K. , Fattah Mohamed M. A. , Ramadan Mohyi A. , Sammour Mohamed B.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. I) Leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) was determined in maternal and fetal blood and in the placenta of mild and severe pre‐eclamptic patients, then compared to the levels of normal pregnancy. 2) The enzyme activity increased significantly in severe pre‐eclampsia as compared with the mild type and with normal pregnancy. 3) In mild pre‐eclamptic patients LAP activity of maternal and cord blood did not increase significantly as compared with the normal cases but the placenta showed a slight decrease. 4) The enzyme level in cord blood did not increase markedly in pre‐eclampsia.
Active Pre‐Term Management of Severe Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Swinhoe June , Craft Ian
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Some of the advantages of using an intra‐amniotic injection of urea combined with prostaglandins for mid trimester termination include an extremely high success rate, a mean time of approximately 10 hours and delivery of a dead fetus. The successful application of this method for the active pre‐term management of patients in whom severe fetal abnormality, such as that reported here, suggests this technique of inducing abortion and labour deserves further consideration in those special circumstances where the obstetrician is anxious that the pregnancy should be interrupted despite the gestation length and where a live birth should not occur.
Value of Ultrasonic Diagnosis of Gynecological Tumors in 370 Surgical Cases
Authors: Levi Salvator , Delval Robert
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Ultrasonic exploration of the female pelvis to confirm or supplement the usual clinical examination enabled a correct diagnosis to be made in 80% of the 370 cases examined and subsequently operated on. The echographic description always included the size of the tumor, its cystic or solid nature and its site of origin. Out of 43 uterine and ovarian tumors measuring less than 3 cm, only 15 were discovered.
Chorioangioma with Hydramnios and Intra‐Uterine Fetal Death
Authors: Knoth M. , Rygaard J. , Hesseldahl H.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Chorioangiomas are benign placental tumours derived from fetal vessels, that occur with a frequency of approximately 1%. Often they are associated with hydramnios and intra‐uterine fetal death. Based on a case of multiple chorioangiomas with a fatal course for the baby, aspects of the pathogenesis of hydramnios are discussed. Future development in ultrasound technology may facilitate antenatal diagnosis.
A Comparative Study of Patients with Cancer of the Ovary, Who Have Survived More Or Less Than 10 Years
Authors: Obel Erik B.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. With the purpose of elucidating the characteristics in patients with cancer of the ovary who have survived 10 years compared with patients who have not survived 10 years, 161 patients with epithelial cancer and 15 patients with granulosa cell tumor who have survived 10 years, group A, have been compared with 157 patients with epithelial cancer and 14 patients with granulosa cell tumor, who have not survived 10 years, group B. the study showed that among epithelial tumors the stage of tumor and the histological picture in the form of “low potential malignancy” or adenocarcinoma was of decisive importance for 10 years survival. No correlation between information such as age, marital status, profession, duration of symptoms, and the nature of symptoms and 10 years survival could be found in patients with tumor in stages I and II. Neither could the gynaecological examination, the nature of the surgical treatment nor radiation therapy be correlated with 10 years survival in stages I and II. 32 of the 152 patients with epithelial cancer in stages I and II, who have survived 10 years, have either died from their ovarian disease or have later on developed cancer localized to cervix or corpus uteri. the author points out the risk of not removing both ovaries as well as the uterus and recommends that such patients are followed for many years after the treatment. in 29 patients with granulosa cell tumor neither the medical history, the stage of the tumor nor the treatment could be correlated with 10 years survival.
TRIAL OF A NEW ANALOGUE OF LH‐RH IN NORMAL SUBJECTS AND IN CASES OF ANOVULATORY STERILITY
Authors: Botella‐Llusia J. , Jaramillo C. , Charro‐Salgado A.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. A new and potent analogue of luteinizing‐hormone releasing‐hormone (LH‐RH), the des‐gly‐6‐D‐trypt‐LH‐RH which was synthesized in 1975 by Schally and his group, was assessed in normal volunteers, both men and women and in six cases of anovulatory sterility. The new substance seems to be one of the most active FSH and LH releasing factors. Its effect is stronger in the female than in the male, acting more actively on LH than FSH release. The magnitude of the effect is greater not only in amount but also in time, the levels of gonadotrophins after the injection being higher and remaining much longer. This last property, makes the new substance specially suitable for the treatment of anovulatory sterility. Of six sterile women, one ovulated and two became pregnant.
THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS DOSES OF ORAL OESTRADIOLVALERATE AND OESTRIOLSUCCINATE ON URINE CALCIUM/CREATININE, SERUM FSH AND ENDOMETRIUM IN CASTRATED WOMEN
Authors: Rauramo L. , Punnonen R. , Lauslahti K. , Grönroos M.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The effects of various doses recommended for clinical use of oestradiolvalerate and oestriolsuccinate on urine calcium/creatinine, serum FSH and endometrium were investigated in two castrated women. Oestrogen treatments were given in 6‐week periods separated by 2 weeks without treatment. After various oestrogen treatments, serum FSH generally decreased clearly and urine calcium/creatinine slightly. The proliferative effect on endometrium was investigated histologically. In no period was a hyperplastic endometrium found.
ADVANCES IN TUBOPLASTY
Authors: Roland Maxwell , Leisten David
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Reconstructive oviductal surgery was performed on 205 private patients with primary and secondary infertility, who were selected from 1 075 endoscopic examinations. Each patient underwent an infertility survey which included gamete formation, reception and deposition of gametes, nidation, post‐coital, and semen analysis. Only those with tubal abnormalities, not responding to conservative therapy after a minimum period of six months following laparoscopic examination, were selected for tuboplasty. Spiral stents for fimbrioplasty and straight teflon tubing for mid‐portion and cornua obstruction were employed. These stents were removed eight weeks post‐surgery, under local anesthesia at the office. Of the 205 tuboplasties, 193 patients had sustained patency; 75 conceived; 7 aborted; and 1 had an ectopic pregnancy. Pregnancy occurred between 1 and 26 months after removal of the stents. Complications were very few. The use of Roland spiral teflon stents has resulted in a greater percentage in patency and pregnancy rates, as compared to those without use of stents.
The Change of Alkaline Phosphatase Binding Conditions with Trophoblast Membrane at Different Stages of Human Placenta
Authors: Kanzaki Yoshito , Obara Hiroko , Yoshioka Tamotsu
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Alkaline phosphatase was brought into solution from microsomal fractions of placentas of varying gestational age by using gradually increasing concentrations of proteinase papain. When the activity of the soluble alkaline phosphatase (S) was compared with that of the non‐soluble residue (R), the S/R ratio rose as pregnancy progressed. The electrophoretic pattern showed that in serum from pregnant women the papain‐soluble alkaline phosphatase corresponded to the heat‐stable one. These results indicate that the cytoplasmic membrane of the trophoblast changes with the growth of the placenta so that this enzyme is easily dissolved by papain. It is probable that alkaline phosphatase molecules easily enter the maternal blood stream in late pregnancy.
Hyperthyroidism During Pregnancy Treated with Propylthiouracil
Authors: Serup Jørgen , Petersen Sten
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Hyperthyroidism during pregnancy may be dangerous to the infant. The major risks are prematurity and neonatal thyrotoxicosis. The latter may be due to placental transfer of thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins from mother to fetus. Of two siblings of a previously thyrotoxic mother the first had marked symptoms of neonatal thyrotoxicosis after a pregnancy where no antithyroid treatment was given. The second child had only minimal thyrotoxic symptoms but almost as high levels of thyroid hormones as the first. During the second pregnancy propylthiouracil was given to the mother from 26 weeks' gestation, because of increased fetal movements and fetal tachycardia. Fetal movements and fetal heart rate were considered to be most valuable indicators of thyroid function in the fetus. Intense control is necessary from the beginning of the second trimester.
EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL DATA ON CYCLABIL®*
Authors: Schneider W. H. F. , Spona J.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The effects of a 2‐phase preparation on the parameters of cycle function were studied in 14 normally menstruating women. The preparation, Cyclabil®, administered in a series of 11 tablets with 2.0 mg oestradiol valerate and 10 tablets with 2.0 mg oestradiol valerate in combination with 0.5 mg D,L‐norgestrel. The cervical function, the spinnbarkeit of the cervical mucus and its crystallisability and, by means of RIA, FSH, LH, 17ß‐oestradiol and the progesterone serum levels were determined continuously in a control cycle before the treatment, in the first and third treatment cycles and in a subsequent control cycle. The results show that no impairment of the normal cycle function were found during cyclical administration of the 2‐phase preparation in 13 women. Two pregnancies occurred during the therapy. The process of ovulation was inhibited in one subject during the medication.

20 other women with pronounced premenopausal deficiency symptoms and cycle irregularities were treated with the 2‐phase preparation for 6 months. Apart from the good cycle regulation. the deficiency symptoms were eliminated completely in 19 women and almost completely in I woman. Checks of the FSH, LH, 17ß‐oestradiol and oestrone serum levels conducted at random during a medication cycle showed only a slight influence on the gonadotropin level. During the medication, E2 can be demonstrated in comparison to E1 at a ratio of 1:10.
DIAGNOSTIC SUCTION CURETTAGE WITHOUT ANESTHESIA
Authors: LUBBERS J. A.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The purpose of this work is

to answer the question whether the procedure of the Vabra aspiration curettage without anesthesia is well tolerated by the patients;

to asses the reliability of the Vabra curettage and to compare it with the conventional curettage in the diagnosis of various endometrial disorders.

262 patients were submitted to the procedure of fractional suctioncurettage without anesthesia; the method succeeded in 261 cases. In 205 cases the histological diagnosis was compared to the diagnosis from a conventional curettage or from a hysterectomy specimen. The method gives histologically reliable results. The tolerance by the patients was good. There were no complications.