bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laser processing of thin-film multilayer structures: comparison between a 3D thermal model and experimental results
Authors: Naghshine Babak B , Kiani Amirkianoosh
Published: August 2017

In this research, a numerical model is introduced for simulation of laser processing of thin film multilayer structures, to predict the temperature and ablated area for a set of laser parameters including average power and repetition rate. Different thin-films on Si substrate were processed by nanosecond Nd:YAG laser pulses and the experimental and numerical results were compared to each other. The results show that applying a thin film on the surface can completely change the temperature field and vary the shape of the heat affected zone. The findings of this paper can have many potential applications including patterning the cell growth for biomedical applications and controlling the grain size in fabrication of polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) thin-film transistors (TFTs).
The California-Kepler Survey. I. High-resolution Spectroscopy of 1305 Stars Hosting Kepler Transiting Planets*
Authors: Petigura Erik A. , Howard Andrew W. , Marcy Geoffrey W. , Johnson John Asher , Isaacson Howard , Cargile Phillip A. , Hebb Leslie , Fulton Benjamin J. , Weiss Lauren M. , Morton Timothy D. , Winn Joshua N. , Rogers Leslie A. , Sinukoff Evan , Hirsch Lea A. , Crossfield Ian J. M.
Published: August 2017

The California-Kepler Survey (CKS) is an observational program developed to improve our knowledge of the properties of stars found to host transiting planets by NASA’s Kepler Mission. The improvement stems from new high-resolution optical spectra obtained using HIRES at the W. M. Keck Observatory. The CKS stellar sample comprises 1305 stars classified as Kepler objects of interest, hosting a total of 2075 transiting planets. The primary sample is magnitude-limited (

) and contains 960 stars with 1385 planets. The sample was extended to include some fainter stars that host multiple planets, ultra-short period planets, or habitable zone planets. The spectroscopic parameters were determined with two different codes, one based on template matching and the other on direct spectral synthesis using radiative transfer. We demonstrate a precision of 60 K in

, 0.10 dex in

, 0.04 dex in

, and 1.0

in

. In this paper, we describe the CKS project and present a uniform catalog of spectroscopic parameters. Subsequent papers in this series present catalogs of derived stellar properties such as mass, radius, and age; revised planet properties; and statistical explorations of the ensemble. CKS is the largest survey to determine the properties of Kepler stars using a uniform set of high-resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio spectra. The HIRES spectra are available to the community for independent analyses.
The California-Kepler Survey. III. A Gap in the Radius Distribution of Small Planets*
Authors: Fulton Benjamin J. , Petigura Erik A. , Howard Andrew W. , Isaacson Howard , Marcy Geoffrey W. , Cargile Phillip A. , Hebb Leslie , Weiss Lauren M. , Johnson John Asher , Morton Timothy D. , Sinukoff Evan , Crossfield Ian J. M. , Hirsch Lea A.
Published: August 2017

The size of a planet is an observable property directly connected to the physics of its formation and evolution. We used precise radius measurements from the California-Kepler Survey to study the size distribution of 2025 Kepler planets in fine detail. We detect a factor of ≥2 deficit in the occurrence rate distribution at 1.5–2.0

. This gap splits the population of close-in (P < 100 days) small planets into two size regimes:

and

, with few planets in between. Planets in these two regimes have nearly the same intrinsic frequency based on occurrence measurements that account for planet detection efficiencies. The paucity of planets between 1.5 and 2.0

supports the emerging picture that close-in planets smaller than Neptune are composed of rocky cores measuring 1.5

or smaller with varying amounts of low-density gas that determine their total sizes.
La « hiérarchie des sciences » comtienne revisitée par Edmond Goblot
Authors: Sandoz Raphaël
Published: August 2017

Le xix e   siècle connaît un intérêt marqué pour les « systèmes de classement des sciences ». Centrée sur l’idée d’une hiérarchie des savoirs, la classification comtienne entend subordonner les disciplines scientifiques les unes aux autres, selon un ordre reflétant l’évolution de la pensée humaine. Moins connu, le système des sciences proposé par Edmond Goblot reprend cette classification pour la réviser : à l’échelle hiérarchique trop rigide de Comte, il substitue une conception plus dynamique des rapports d’interdépendance entre les sciences.
Husserl et Scheler : de la double intentionnalité de valeur à l’intentionnalité sociale
Authors: Slama Paul
Published: August 2017

Husserl a rencontré des difficultés à penser l’intentionnalité d’objets pratiques, car l’acte intentionnel est toujours en dernier ressort dirigé vers un objet : que faire de la valeur de l’objet perçu, des pratiques que j’en ai ? La solution de Husserl conduit à penser deux intentionnalités dans un horizon intellectualiste. Max Scheler a précisément rompu avec son maître sur cette question de la valeur. Pour lui, la valorisation ne résulte pas d’un acte intentionnel secondaire, mais intervient dès le rapport à des objets, toujours pris en contexte. Cette réforme profonde des thèses sur l’intentionnalité permet d’ouvrir le dossier d’une phénoménologie des pratiques capable de déboucher sur une phénoménologie sociologique prenant en compte les déterminations sociales et politiques de l’intentionnalité.
Managing Hypoplasia of the Inferior Rectus Muscle by Inferior Oblique Anterior Transposition in Children
Authors: Fan Yuan-Yao , Yang Meng-Ling
Published: August 2017

Congenital hypoplasia or aplasia of the inferior rectus muscle is an uncommon condition. The authors present two pediatric patients with hypoplasia of the inferior rectus muscle treated by inferior oblique anterior transposition. The long-term follow-up outcomes of eye position and stereopsis acuity development were favorable.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2017;54:e50–e53.]
Torpedo Maculopathy in a 6-Month-Old Infant: Early Clinical and Optical Coherence Tomography Findings
Authors: Kara Caner , Petriçli İkbal Seza
Published: August 2017

A 6-month-old male infant presented for routine ophthalmologic examination. Indirect ophthalmoscopy revealed a flat, oval, hypopigmented lesion located in the temporal macula in the right eye with the tip pointing toward the fovea, which was compatible with torpedo maculopathy. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed at the time of diagnosis. OCT scans of the lesion revealed slight retinal pigment epithelium hyperreflectivity. This case serves as the earliest OCT finding of the youngest patient diagnosed as having torpedo maculopathy in the literature.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2017;54:e54–e57.]
Animal Model for Retinopathy of Prematurity Laser Surgery Training
Authors: Motley W. Walker , Atoum Dema M.
Published: August 2017

Peripheral retinal laser ablation for high-risk retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) improves visual outcomes. Some pediatric ophthalmology fellows receive little exposure to this procedure. The authors identified and evaluated an animal teaching model that simulates peripheral retinal laser ablation in human infants with ROP.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2017;54:e47–e49.]
Venous function after pharmacomechanical thrombolysis for extensive iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis
Authors: Greeff Wim , Dehghan-Dehnavi Ali Reza , Van Marle Jacobus
Published: August 2017

Background: Chronic venous insufficiency is an important complication following iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis. Early thrombus removal may preserve venous function and prevent this complication. This study represents the largest reported South African series of pharmacomechanical thrombolysis for iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis to date.Objective: To evaluate the long-term outcome following pharmacomechanical thrombolysis for proximal and extensive deep venous thrombosis in a private, specialist vascular unit.Methods: All patients who underwent pharmacomechanical thrombolysis for iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis between August 2009 and January 2016 were invited to return for clinical assessment and venous ultrasound. Clinical findings were recorded according to the Villalta score and clinical, etiology, anatomic and pathology (CEAP) classification. The quality of life (QoL) was assessed utilising the VEINES-QoL/Sym questionnaire, providing two scores per patient, one describing the QoL and the other symptom severity (Sym).Results: Thirty two patients (35 legs) were evaluated. There were 25 females and 7 males, with a mean age of 33.5 years (±14 years). The mean follow-up period was 31 months (range 3 months – 80 months). Results of the CEAP classification were C0 = 24 (75%), C1 = 1 (4%), C2 = 2 (6%), C3 = 2 (6%) and C4 = 3 (9%). Thirty-one (97%) patients had Villalta scores from 0 to 4, indicating no or mild evidence of venous disease. One patient (3%) had a Villalta score of 6, indicating post-thrombotic syndrome. The mean QoL score was 87% (±12) and the mean Sym score was 86% (±14). Twenty-four (75%) patients had no abnormality on ultrasound, with fibrosis the most observed abnormality.Conclusion: Most patients who had undergone pharmacomechanical thrombolysis for extensive iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis showed few significant clinical signs of chronic venous insufficiency, had excellent function on venous ultrasound and reported excellent QoL.
Een man! Zelfs een vader! Over feminisme!1
Authors: Bosch Mineke
Published: August 2017

In this contribution Bosch, sharply criticises Ewoud Engelen’s pamphlet De mythe van de gemaakte vrouw. Nieuw licht op het feminisme (The myth of the fabricated woman. New light on feminism, 2016), which he wrote at the request of debate center ‘Nieuw Licht’. Instead of an analysis of De Beauvoir’s relevance for contemporary feminisms, he gives us a generalising diatribe against ‘career feminists’ who are encapsulated by neoliberalist lust for power and betray good old sociocritical feminism. It places him in the same category of good old socialists such as Pieter Jelles Troelstra, accusing suffragists of ‘bourgeois feminism’ (damesfeminisme).
Managing the Yellow River: Questions of Borders, Boundaries and Access
Authors: Webber Michael , Barnett Jon , Finlayson Brian , Wang Mark
Published: August 2017

The Yellow River basin is the site of myriad water resource problems. The Yellow River has natural geomorphological characteristics that include seasonally variable flow, very high sediment load, and the capacity to flood with devastating effect. However, people have long sought to harness the water of the Yellow River to their own industrial and agricultural ends, so as to attain the things that they value, like good health, economic growth, and employment. Intensive human use of the basin now poses new managerial problems. The Yellow River’s problems thus now include water scarcity, pollution, and flood risk. In 1997 there were 226 ‘no flow’ days, when the River failed to reach the sea; the dry point started up to 700km inland (Jun 2004). This is not part of the natural flow regime of the Yellow River, which rarely ceased to flow before 1992. The Yellow River is also one of China’s most polluted rivers. While a major breach of the levees has been averted since the People’s Republic was founded in 1949, there is each year significant flooding in the Yellow River basin. The threat of a major levee failure is real and millions of lives and vast sums of capital investment will be lost in such an event, or if one of the many dams along its length fails. In this paper, we characterise the problems of the Yellow River in order to assess the significance of borders, boundaries and access in understanding the management of water. Events and conditions in particular localities have local causes; and in this sense the bounding of regions is significant. Yet borders and boundaries are permeable, permitting causes also to derive from conditions in neighbouring and distant regions. Furthermore, places have causes at a larger scale, such as the nation, since borders, like the regions they bound, are hierarchical and scaled.
Borders Across Rivers: Problems with the Creation of Anglo-German Borders Across Gira, Eia, Wuwu, and Waria Rivers, 1884-1909
Authors: Kanasa Biama
Published: August 2017

An international boundary across navigable rivers can naturally create a great potential for international conflict. In New Guinea, the officials of Anglo-German colonial authorities seemed to have overlooked this problem when they first decided to lay down their common boundary in 1885 across Gira, Eia, Wuwu and Waria Rivers at eight parallel on the south latitude. This paper attempts to discuss how the colonial officials of the two very powerful countries at the time (1885-1909) tried to make decisions in such a way to prevent or avoid an international conflict with the navigation of rivers across their common boundaries. It involved the parliamentarians of newly federated Commonwealth of Australia.

Wherever the colonial officials laid claims to protect land and people, they also created a lasting problem relating to definition of boundaries that crossed navigable rivers. A good example is the “Anglo-German boundary” which crosses the Gira, Eia, Wuwu, and Waria rivers. When the British colonial officials were pressured by their colonies in Australia, they never considered likely problems in the future if international boundary crossed navigable rivers.
Secularism, Feminism and Race in Representations of Australianness
Authors: Randell-Moon Holly
Published: August 2017

In 2005 and 2006 members of the John Howard led Coalition Government, including the Prime Minster and Federal Treasurer Peter Costello, questioned whether Muslim dress, such as the hijab, conformed with ‘mainstream’ Australian standards of secularism and gender equality. In doing so, Howard and Costello used a feminist-sounding language to critique aspects of Islam for purportedly restricting the freedom and autonomy of Muslim women. I argue that race is implicated in the construction of Islam as a “threat” to secularism and gender equality because an unnamed assumption of the Australian ‘mainstream’ as Anglo-Celtic and white informs the standards of normalcy the Government invokes and constructs Islam as a ‘foreign’ religion. Further, whilst the demand for Muslim women to conform with ‘mainstream’ norms potentially contradicts the Government’s commitment to women’s autonomy, such a contradiction is not peculiar to the Howard Government. Using the work of Jean-Luc Nancy and Stewart Motha, I place the ‘hijab debates’ within the tension in liberal democracies between fostering autonomy and requiring a universal civil law to guarantee (but exist above) individual autonomy.
Rethinking Diaspora
Authors: Roy Anjali Gera
Published: August 2017

Diaspora, a term used to refer to the dispersal of Jewish people across the world, is now expanded to describe any deterritorialized or transnational population that lives in a land different from that of its origin and whose social, political and economic networks span the globe crossing national borders. Through comparing the Anglo-Indian, the Sikh and the IITian diasporas, this project proposes to deconstruct diaspora as a construct. How does the Anglo-Indian Diaspora formed by conquest and colonization compare with the Sikh diaspora created in the service of the Empire and the highly skilled IITian diaspora? What are the categories through which the three diasporas constitute themselves and how do they define the homeland? While the Anglo-Indian and the Sikh diasporas have a pre-national history originating in the Empire, the IITian diaspora is intertwined with the history of the Indian nation. The three display a wide divergence in their constitutive categories – race in Anglo-Indian, religion and ethnicity in Sikh and skills in IITian and also vary in their myths of origin. While the homeland is defined through the region and sacral place in Sikh diaspora, the IITian diaspora converges on the alma mater and nation. The constitution of the homeland is far more problematic in the case of the Anglo-Indian diaspora. While the Anglo-Indian and Sikh diasporic movements in the past were those of low-skilled workers characterized by traditional migration chain, the high-skilled IITian diaspora fits the open migration chain pattern. Yet the three diasporas intersect as communities formed through strong transnational networks that interrogate the link between space, place and identity in the imagined communities of the nation. I argue that both the mixed race Anglo-Indian narrative, the ‘pure’ discourse of the Sikh imaginary and the knowledge/skills based imagining of the IITian community compels us to rethink essential categories of belonging and identity such as race, nation, caste, ethnicity while intensifying or creating new boundaries that are mobilized in their self-fashioning.
Chemical and climatic drivers of radiative forcing due to changes in
stratospheric and tropospheric ozone over the 21st century
Authors: Banerjee Antara , Maycock Amanda C. , Pyle John A.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The ozone radiative forcings (RFs) resulting from projected changes in climate, ozone-depleting substances (ODSs), non-methane ozone precursor emissions and methane between the years 2000 and 2100 are calculated using simulations from the UM-UKCA chemistry-climate model. Projected measures to improve air-quality through reductions in tropospheric ozone precursor emissions present a co-benefit for climate, with a net global mean ozone RF of −0.09 Wm−2. This is opposed by a positive ozone RF of 0.07 Wm−2 due to future decreases in ODSs, which is mainly driven by an increase in tropospheric ozone through stratosphere-to-troposphere exchange. An increase in methane abundance by more than a factor of two (as projected by the RCP8.5 scenario) is found to drive an ozone RF of 0.19 Wm−2, which would greatly outweigh the climate benefits of tropospheric non-methane ozone precursor reductions. A third of the ozone RF due to the projected increase in methane results from increases in stratospheric ozone. The sign of the ozone RF due to future changes in climate (including the radiative effects of greenhouse gas concentrations, sea surface temperatures and sea ice changes) is shown to be dependent on the greenhouse gas emissions pathway, with a positive RF (0.06 Wm−2) for RCP4.5 and a negative RF (−0.07 Wm−2) for the RCP8.5 scenario. This dependence arises from differences in the contribution to RF from stratospheric ozone changes.
Effects of variation in background mixing ratios of N2, O2, and Ar on the measurement of δ18O–H2O and δ2H–H2O values by cavity ring-down spectroscopy
Authors: Johnson Jennifer E. , Rella Chris W.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Cavity ring-down spectrometers have generally been designed to operate under conditions in which the background gas has a constant composition. However, there are a number of observational and experimental situations of interest in which the background gas has a variable composition. In this study, we examine the effect of background gas composition on a cavity ring-down spectrometer that measures δ18O–H2O and δ2H–H2O values based on the amplitude of water isotopologue absorption features around 7184 cm−1 (L2120-i, Picarro, Inc.). For background mixtures balanced with N2, the apparent δ18O values deviate from true values by −0.50 ± 0.001 ‰ O2 %−1 and −0.57 ± 0.001 ‰ Ar %−1, and apparent δ2H values deviate from true values by 0.26 ± 0.004 ‰ O2 %−1 and 0.42 ± 0.004 ‰ Ar  %−1. The artifacts are the result of broadening, narrowing, and shifting of both the target absorption lines and strong neighboring lines. While the background-induced isotopic artifacts can largely be corrected with simple empirical or semi-mechanistic models, neither type of model is capable of completely correcting the isotopic artifacts to within the inherent instrument precision. The development of strategies for dynamically detecting and accommodating background variation in N2, O2, and/or Ar would facilitate the application of cavity ring-down spectrometers to a new class of observations and experiments.
Continuous national Gross Domestic Product (GDP) time series for
195 countries: past observations (1850–2005) harmonized with future
projections according to the Shared Socio-economic Pathways (2006–2100)
Authors: Geiger Tobias
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) represents a widely used metric to compare economic development across time and space. GDP estimates have been routinely assembled only since the beginning of the second half of the 20th century, making comparisons with prior periods cumbersome or even impossible. In recent years various efforts have been put forward to re-estimate national GDP for specific years in the past centuries and even millennia, providing new insights of past economic development on a snapshot basis. In order to make this wealth of data utilizable across research disciplines, we here present a first continuous and consistent data set of GDP time series for 195 countries from 1850 to 2009, based mainly on data from the Maddison Project and other population and GDP sources. The GDP data is consistent with Penn World Tables v8.1 and future GDP projections from the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), and freely available at https://doi.org/10.5880/pik.2017.003. To ease usability, we additionally provide GPD per capita data and further supplementary and data description files in the online archive. We utilize various methods to handle missing data and discuss the advantages and limitations of our methodology. Despite known shortcomings this data set provides valuable input e.g. for climate impact research in order to consistently analyze economic impacts from pre-industrial times to the future.
Landscape and groundwater controls over boreal lake water chemistry and water balance heterogeneity in an esker complex of northeastern Ontario, Canada
Authors: Boreux Maxime P. , Lamoureux Scott F. , Cumming Brian F.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Water chemistry and water isotopic composition were investigated in a set of 50 boreal lakes located at different elevations in an esker system near Timmins, Ontario, as well as in local streams, groundwater springs and information available from seasonal precipitation values. Analyses focused on stable isotopic ratios of hydrogen and oxygen, as well as specific conductance as indicators of the position of a lake with respect to the influence of groundwater. Both isotopic composition and specific conductance distinguished higher elevation groundwater discharge lakes from lower elevation groundwater recharge lakes. Groundwater recharge lakes characterized by enriched isotopic values and low values of specific conductance are located above the hydraulic midline elevation of the study lakes. In contrast groundwater discharge lakes, were isotopically depleted and had higher values of specific conductance, and occurred below the hydraulic midline of the study lakes. An intermediate group of lakes was also defined (termed seepage lakes) and consisted of either recharge lakes that were alkaline, or discharge lakes that had no outlet. The seepage lakes group had intermediate isotopic and water chemistry characteristics compared to recharge and discharge lakes. A classification scheme for lakes was developed based on the specific conductivity, water isotopic composition, the presence of an outlet, and other characteristic to define three types of recharge lakes, and two types of discharge lakes. Interannual (2013 and 2014) and seasonal differences in water chemistry between (early June and August) revealed that upland groundwater recharge lakes showed evidence of evaporative drawdown, indicating sensitivity to short-term changes in climate, whereas the lower-elevation discharge showed little variation between seasonal samples, and consequently would be affected by hydroclimatological changes of greater duration and persistence.
MULTI-SENSOR DOCUMENTATION OF METRIC AND QUALITATIVE INFORMATION OF HISTORIC STONE STRUCTURES
Authors: Adamopoulos E. , Tsilimantou E. , Keramidas V. , Apostolopoulou M. , Karoglou M. , Tapinaki S. , Ioannidis C. , Georgopoulos A. , Moropoulou A.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. This paper focuses on the integration of multi-sensor techniques regarding the acquisition, processing, visualisation and management of data regarding historic stone structures. The interdisciplinary methodology that is carried out here comprises of two parts. In the first part, the acquisition of qualitative and quantitative data concerning the geometry, the materials and the degradation of the tangible heritage asset each time, is discussed. The second part, refers to the analysis, management and visualization of the interrelated data by using spatial information technologies. Through the paradigm of the surveying of the ancient temple of Pythian Apollo at Acropolis of Rhodes, Rhodes Island, Greece, it is aimed to highlight the issues deriving from the separate application of documentation procedures and how the fusion of these methods can contribute effectively to ensure the completeness of the measurements for complex structures. The surveying results are further processed to be compatible and integrated with GIS. Also, the geometric documentation derivatives are combined with environmental data and the results of the application of non-destructive testing and evaluation techniques in situ and analytical techniques in lab after sampling. GIS operations are utilized to document the building materials but also to model and to analyse the decay extent and patterns. Detailed surface measurements and geo-processing analysis are executed. This integrated approach, helps the assessment of past interventions on the monument, identify main causes of damage and decay, and finally assist the decision making on the most compatible materials and techniques for protection and restoration works.
BUILT HERITAGE DOCUMENTATION AND MANAGEMENT: AN INTEGRATED CONSERVATION APPROACH IN BAGAN
Authors: Mezzino D. , Chan L. , Santana Quintero M. , Esponda M. , Lee S. , Min A. , Pwint M.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Good practices in heritage conservation are based on accurate information about conditions, materials, and transformation of built heritage sites. Therefore, heritage site documentation and its analysis are essential parts for their conservation. In addition, the devastating effects of recent catastrophic events in different geographical areas have highly affected cultural heritage places. Such areas include and are not limited to South Europe, South East Asia, and Central America. Within this framework, appropriate acquisition of information can effectively provide tools for the decision-making process and management. Heritage documentation is growing in innovation, providing dynamic opportunities for effectively responding to the alarming rate of destruction by natural events, conflicts, and negligence. In line with these considerations, a multidisciplinary team – including students and faculty members from Carleton University and Yangon Technological University, as well as staff from the Department of Archaeology, National Museum and Library (DoA) and professionals from the CyArk foundation – developed a coordinated strategy to document four temples in the site of Bagan (Myanmar). On-field work included capacity-building activities to train local emerging professionals in the heritage field (graduate and undergraduate students from the Yangon Technological University) and to increase the technical knowledge of the local DoA staff in the digital documentation field. Due to the short time of the on-field activity and the need to record several monuments, a variety of documentation techniques, including image and non-image based ones, were used. Afterwards, the information acquired during the fieldwork was processed to develop a solid base for the conservation and monitoring of the four documented temples. The relevance of developing this kind of documentation in Bagan is related to the vulnerability of the site, often affected by natural seismic events and flooding, as well as the lack of maintenance. Bagan provided an excellent case study to test the effectiveness of the proposed approach, to prevent and manage the damages of catastrophic events, and to support retrofitting actions. In order to test the flexibility of adopted methodology and workflow, temples with different features – in terms of architectural design, shape, and geometry – were selected. The goals of these documentation activities range from testing digital documentation workflows for the metric and visual recording of the site (reviewing strengths and limitations of particular recording techniques), to the definition of effective conditions assessment strategies.
AUTOMATED RECONSTRUCTION OF HISTORIC ROOF STRUCTURES FROM POINT CLOUDS – DEVELOPMENT AND EXAMPLES
Authors: Pöchtrager M. , Styhler-Aydın G. , Döring-Williams M. , Pfeifer N.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The analysis of historic roof constructions is an important task for planning the adaptive reuse of buildings or for maintenance and restoration issues. Current approaches to modeling roof constructions consist of several consecutive operations that need to be done manually or using semi-automatic routines. To increase efficiency and allow the focus to be on analysis rather than on data processing, a set of methods was developed for the fully automated analysis of the roof constructions, including integration of architectural and structural modeling. Terrestrial laser scanning permits high-detail surveying of large-scale structures within a short time. Whereas 3-D laser scan data consist of millions of single points on the object surface, we need a geometric description of structural elements in order to obtain a structural model consisting of beam axis and connections. Preliminary results showed that the developed methods work well for beams in flawless condition with a quadratic cross section and no bending. Deformations or damages such as cracks and cuts on the wooden beams can lead to incomplete representations in the model. Overall, a high degree of automation was achieved.
MODELLING FROM THE PAST: THE LEANING SOUTWEST TOWER OF
CAERPHILLY CASTLE 1539-2015
Authors: Prizeman O. E. C. , Sarhosis V. , D’Alri A. M. , Whitman C. J. , Muratore G.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Caerphilly Castle (1268-70) is the first concentric castle in Britain and the second largest in the UK. The dramatic inclination of its ruinous south west tower has been noted since 1539. Comparing data from historical surveys and a terrestrial laser scan undertaken in 2015, this paper seeks to review evidence for the long-term stability of the tower. Digital documentation and archival research by architects is collated to provide data for structural analysis by engineers. A terrestrial laser scan was used to create a detailed three dimensional finite element model to enable structural analysis of the current shape of the tower made by tetrahedral elements. An automated strategy has been implemented for the transformation of the complex three dimensional point cloud into a three dimensional finite element model. Numerical analysis has been carried out aiming at understanding the main structural weaknesses of the tower in its present condition. Comparisons of four sets of data: 1539, 1830, 1870 and 2015 enabled us to determine change albeit between very different methods of measurement.
LONG-TERM PRESERVATION OF THE PHYSICAL REMAINS OF THE DESTROYED
BUDDHA FIGURES IN BAMIYAN (AFGHANISTAN) USING VIRTUAL REALITY
TECHNOLOGIES FOR PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF RESTORATION
MEASURES
Authors: Toubekis G. , Jansen M. , Jarke M.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. In March 2001, the world’s largest depictions of standing Buddha figures located in Bamiyan (Afghanistan) were destroyed during a campaign of the Taliban leadership against all non-Muslim heritage in the country. Bamiyan and its archaeological remains have been nominated a World Heritage also to commemorate the events of destruction the site has experienced over the centuries. More than fifteen years after the Giant Buddha figures turned into dust, the UNESCO Safeguarding campaign for the preservation of the Bamiyan World Heritage property has made considerable progress. Upon continued request by the local population and the national government, the international community is asked to contribute proposals for the future presentation of the physical remains including the options of reassembling the original fragments. The achievements and backlashes of the UNESCO campaign are discussed and a proposal is given, how virtual technology can contribute to the ongoing discussion regarding the future of the site. At a time when deliberate raids during military conflicts against heritage places have become commonplace, the Bamiyan case has become emblematic and is considered now a key turning point in the heritage community on the question, which roles reconstruction can have especially in the aftermath of conflict situations. It is argued that immersive virtual reality technologies offer the chance to investigate how values attributed to cultural heritage are produced and experienced among different stakeholder groups.
A CASE STUDY IN DOCUMENTATION PRODUCTION AS LEARNING TOOLS BENEFITTING MULTIPLE STAKEHOLDERS
Authors: Truesdale T. J. , Hierlihy B. , Jouan P.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The Fondation Strutt Foundation has taken on the conservation planning of the Strutt House as part of a P3 collaborative effort with the National Capital Commission (NCC). This paper will address three of the primary documents/data sets (documentary methodologies) being used on/for the Strutt House project. The Strutt House is a Recognized Federal Heritage Building and a significant example of Canadian modernist architecture. Stakeholder is a term often used in Architectural Projects reflecting an economic interest in success of the project. In conservation projects the stakeholder generally reflects social, cultural and/or economic interests in a given project. The Strutt House project has benefitted from stakeholders that have all been interested in the above, as well as the education of our future conservationists. The Strutt house was purchased from the architect’s daughter in 2010, and as part of the acquisition, a Heritage Structure Report was commissioned and produced by PTAH Consultants Inc., Architects. The report forms the first of the primary referenced documents of this paper, including: a comprehensive photographic record of existing conditions; and, a building simulation model of the house ‘as designed/built’. This HSR and the accompanying data/documents have been adopted as the basis of an evolving document in the development of the Conservation Plan including: additional heritage surveys and technologies; traditional drawings, photographic and video records; and, a series of workshops on the structural stabilization efforts, thermography scans, and smoke/blow-door (air pressure) testing. In 2016, Pierre Jouan, a Master’s thesis student from KU Leuvan, working with the Carleton University CIMS lab under the direction of Professor Mario Santana, and the FSF completed a 3-D scanning and photogrammetry workshop on the Strutt House and created a building information model (BIM model) from the collected data. The three primary documentation processes being addressed in this paper are really a series of directed research or focussed investigations resulting in a collection of data sets resolved -or combined- into a document. They will assist in the development of the long-term Programming and Conservation Management Plan of the Strutt House.
DIGITAL HISTORIC URBAN LANDSCAPE METHODOLOGY FOR HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF SINGAPORE
Authors: Widodo J. , Wong Y. C. , Ismail F.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Using the case study of Singapore’s existing heritage websites, this research will probe the circumstances of the emerging technology and practice of consuming heritage architecture on a digital platform. Despite the diverse objectives, technology is assumed to help deliver greater interpretation through the use of new and high technology emphasising experience and provide visual fidelity. However, the success is limited as technology is insufficient to provide the past from multiple perspectives. Currently, existing projects provide linear narratives developed through a top-down approach that assumes the end-users as an individual entity and limits heritage as a consumable product. Through this research, we hope to uncover for better experience of digital heritage architecture where interpretation is an evolving ‘process’ that is participatory and contributory that allows public participation, together with effective presentation, cultural learning and embodiment, to enhance the end-users’ interpretation of digital heritage architecture. Additionally, this research seeks to establish an inventory in the form of a digital platform that adopts the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) into the Singapore context to better and deepen the understandings of the public towards architectural as well as cultural heritage through an intercultural and intergenerational dialogue. Through HUL, this research hopes that it will better shape conservation strategies and urban planning.
RESEARCH ON NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING TECHNOLOGY IN CONSERVATION REPAIR PROJECT OF ANCESTRAL TEMPLE IN MUKDEN PALACE
Authors: Yang J. , Fu M.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Due to the use of wood and other non-permanent materials, traditional Chinese architecture is one of the most fragile constructions in various heritage objects today. With the increasing emphasis on the protection of cultural relics, the repair project of wooden structure has become more and more important. There are various kinds of destructions, which pose a hidden danger to the overall safety of the ancient buildings, caused not only by time and nature, but also by improper repairs in history or nowadays. Today, the use of digital technology is a basic requirement in the conservation of cultural heritage. Detection technology, especially non-destructive testing technology, could provide more accurate records in capturing detailed physical characteristics of structures such as geometric deformation and invisible damage, as well as prevent a man-made destruction in the process of repair project. This paper aims to interpret with a typical example, Ancestral Temple in Mukden Palace, along with a discussion of how to use the non-destructive testing technology with ground penetrating radar, stress wave, resistograph and so on, in addition to find an appropriate protection method in repair project of traditional Chinese wooden architecture.
MULTISPECTRAL IMAGING IN CULTURAL HERITAGE CONSERVATION
Authors: Del Pozo S. , Rodríguez-Gonzálvez P. , Sánchez-Aparicio L. J. , Muñoz-Nieto A. , Hernández-López D. , Felipe-García B. , González-Aguilera D.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. This paper sums up the main contribution derived from the thesis entitled "Multispectral imaging for the analysis of materials and pathologies in civil engineering, constructions and natural spaces" awarded by CIPA-ICOMOS for its connection with the preservation of Cultural Heritage. This thesis is framed within close-range remote sensing approaches by the fusion of sensors operating in the optical domain (visible to shortwave infrared spectrum). In the field of heritage preservation, multispectral imaging is a suitable technique due to its non-destructive nature and its versatility. It combines imaging and spectroscopy to analyse materials and land covers and enables the use of a variety of different geomatic sensors for this purpose. These sensors collect both spatial and spectral information for a given scenario and a specific spectral range, so that, their smaller storage units save the spectral properties of the radiation reflected by the surface of interest. The main goal of this research work is to characterise different construction materials as well as the main pathologies of Cultural Heritage elements by combining active and passive sensors recording data in different ranges. Conclusions about the suitability of each type of sensor and spectral range are drawn in relation to each particular case study and damage. It should be emphasised that results are not limited to images, since 3D intensity data from laser scanners can be integrated with 2D data from passive sensors obtaining high quality products due to the added value that metric brings to multispectral images.
COMPUTER AIDED RESTORATION TOOLS TO ASSIST THE CONSERVATION OF AN ANCIENT SCULPTURE. THE COLOSSAL STATUE OF ZEUS ENTHRONED
Authors: Di Paola F. , Milazzo G. , Spatafora F.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The research focuses on the contribution of the integrated application of Computer Aided Restoration digital procedures as a means to guide the integration measure of an artifact, innovating and implementing the traditional investigation methods. The aim of the study was to provide effective geometrical-formal investigation tools in the frame of the conservation work of Zeus enthroned from Soluntum, conserved in the Archaeological Museum “A. Salinas” of Palermo. The paper describes the workflow of the 3D acquisition and graphical modeling with non-invasive digitalization and high information density techniques to assist the conservation of the legs of the throne, especially the integration of the missing part. Thanks to the technique of the digital fabrication it has been reconstruct the two missing parts following the theoretical criteria as: recognisability, compatibility and retractability. This innovative application of 3D digital technologies have showed as the integrated use of the new technology can be a useful tools for improving the conservation of a work of art.
DOCUMENTING THE INTANGIBLE AND THE USE OF “COLLECTIVE MEMORY” AS
A TOOL FOR RISK MITIGATION
Authors: Ekim Z. , Güney E. E. , Vatan M.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Increasing immigration activities due to globalized economies, political conflicts, wars and disasters of the recent years not only had a serious impact on the tangible heritage fabric, but also on the intangible values of heritage sites. With the challenges of managing drastic changes the field of heritage is faced with in mind, this paper proposes a documentation strategy that utilizes “collective memory” as a tool for risk mitigation of culturally diverse sites. Intangible and tangible values of two cases studies, from Turkey and Canada, are studied in a comparative way to create a methodology for the use of collected data on “collective memory and identity” in risk mitigation and managing change as a living value of the site.
DIGITAL WORKFLOWS FOR RESTORATION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE
MUSEUM AFFANDI - A CASE STUDY IN CHALLENGING CIRCUMSTANCES
Authors: Herbig U. , Styhler-Aydın G. , Grandits D. , Stampfer L. , Pont U. , Mayer I.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The appropriate restoration of architectural heritage needs a careful and comprehensive documentation of the existing structures, which even elaborates, if the function of the building needs special attention, like in museums. In a collaborative project between the Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia and two universities in Austria (TU Wien and the Danube University Krems) a restoration and adaptation concept of the Affandi Museum in Yogyakarta is currently in progress. It provides a perfect case study for the development of a workflow to combine data from a building survey, architectural research, indoor climate measurements and the documentation of artwork in a challenging environment, from hot and humid tropical climate to continuous threads by natural hazards like earthquakes or volcanic eruptions. The Affandi Museum houses the collection of Affandi, who is considered to be Indonesia's foremost Expressionist painter and partly designed and constructed the museum by himself. With the spirit of the artist still perceptible in the complex the Affandi Museum is an important part of the Indonesian cultural heritage. Thus its preservation takes special attention and adds to the complexity of the development of a monitoring and maintenance concept. This paper describes the ongoing development of an approach to a workflow from the measurement and research of the objects, both architectural and artwork, to the semantically enriched BIM Model as the base for a sustainable monitoring tool for the Affandi Museum.
INTERACTIVE CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS: FEEDBACK
DRIVEN FRAMEWORK FOR ANNOTATION AND ANALYSIS OF 3D POINT CLOUDS
Authors: Hess M. R. , Petrovic V. , Kuester F.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Digital documentation of cultural heritage structures is increasingly more common through the application of different imaging techniques. Many works have focused on the application of laser scanning and photogrammetry techniques for the acquisition of threedimensional (3D) geometry detailing cultural heritage sites and structures. With an abundance of these 3D data assets, there must be a digital environment where these data can be visualized and analyzed. Presented here is a feedback driven visualization framework that seamlessly enables interactive exploration and manipulation of massive point cloud data. The focus of this work is on the classification of different building materials with the goal of building more accurate as-built information models of historical structures. User defined functions have been tested within the interactive point cloud visualization framework to evaluate automated and semi-automated classification of 3D point data. These functions include decisions based on observed color, laser intensity, normal vector or local surface geometry. Multiple case studies are presented here to demonstrate the flexibility and utility of the presented point cloud visualization framework to achieve classification objectives.
THE APPLICATION OF TYPOLOGY METHOD IN HISTORICAL BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING (HBIM)
TAKING THE INFORMATION SURVEYING AND MAPPING OF JIAYUGUAN FORTRESS TOWN AS AN EXAMPLE
Authors: Li D.Y. , Li K. , Wu C.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. With the promotion of fine degree of the heritage building surveying and mapping, building information modelling technology(BIM) begins to be used in surveying and mapping, renovation, recording and research of heritage building, called historical building information modelling(HBIM). The hierarchical frameworks of parametric component library of BIM, belonging to the same type with the same parameters, has the same internal logic with archaeological typology which is more and more popular in the age identification of ancient buildings. Compared with the common materials, 2D drawings and photos, typology with HBIM has two advantages — (1) comprehensive building information both in collection and representation and (2) uniform and reasonable classification criteria This paper will take the information surveying and mapping of Jiayuguan Fortress Town as an example to introduce the field work method of information surveying and mapping based on HBIM technology and the construction of Revit family library.And then in order to prove the feasibility and advantage of HBIM technology used in typology method, this paper will identify the age of Guanghua gate tower, Rouyuan gate tower, Wenchang pavilion and the theater building of Jiayuguan Fortress Town with HBIM technology and typology method.