bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organized crime: current Ukrainian realities and steps to prevent
Authors: Basysta Iryna
Published: June 2023

Purpose. The purpose of this research is to review extreme approaches to understanding organized crime, its components and signs, as well as to highlight those of them that are modern and inherent to it under the conditions of a large-scale Russian invasion of Ukrainian territory. Method. Induction and deduction are applied when forming author's own conclusions; analysis and synthesis of scientific achievements of a number of researchers, the state of regulatory and legal support. System-structural and functional methods were used in the process of conducting this scientific research.The results. The author is convinced that, as of today, in our country, all illegal activity in the conglomerate of organized crime is not properly accounted for, and this fact is in a cause-and-effect relationship with the established fact that a single legislative and/or doctrinal definition of the concept of "organized "crime" does not exist, as well as its exhaustive components and signs. Their list was expanded and modernized through analysis and synthesis.It has been proven that with the beginning of the full-scale invasion of the Russian aggressor on Ukrainian territory, the problems of organized crime changed somewhat and some of its components became more acute, in particular, despite the fact that as of February 2022 there was a certain "slowing down" of its spread and influence, it was established that on today its new networks "bloomed". The "merger" of transnational criminal organizations with international terrorist organizations has been tracked, especially with regard to the activities of Russian organized crime in the war with Ukraine. Scientific novelty. A significant amount of research has been devoted to this problem, but the full-scale invasion of the aggressor country has brought approaches to understanding the declared problem to a new level, when organized crime should be considered through the prism of its institutionalization, fusion with terrorist activities for the benefit of and with the participation of the aggressor country, its spread in the digital spaces for conducting "active military operations" there, etc.Practical significance. It is believed that the results of the research will help to understand not only the scale of modern organized crime, but also individual author's generalizations and conclusions can shed light on how to counteract it.
Regulatory and legal provision of forensic engineering and technical examinations
Authors: Bohdaniuk I.
Published: June 2023

Purpose. Development of theoretical provisions and practical recommendations on the generalization of legal support for forensic engineering and technical examinations. The methodology provides for a theoretical generalization of the existing normative legal acts related to the conduct of forensic examinations, in general, and engineering and technical examinations, in particular, as well as the formulation of relevant conclusions and recommendations. Methods. The research used a system of general scientific methods, namely theoretical generalization, comparison, system analysis and formalization. Results. The article is devoted to the current problems of the inconsistency of the regulatory and legal provision of forensic examination with the branch legislation regulating narrowly focused issues of certain types of research. It was determined that in order to regulate the activities of experts, it is necessary to implement unified approaches to conducting research that will take into account the peculiarities of conducting each separate type of forensic examination. It is noted that in order to improve regulatory legal acts on forensic expertise, it is advisable to adapt them to European legislation, and the creation of methods of expert research for all forensic institutions should take into account the accreditation features of international quality standards. Originality. In the process of research, it was found that the generalization of the regulatory and legal provision of engineering and technical expertise (on the example of railway transport expertise) is a necessary condition for stable (unchanging) legal regulation of the process of conducting expertise, which, in turn, will increase the efficiency of the work of judicial entities expert activity in the country. Practical significance. The results of the research can be used in the scientific research field, rule-making activities, expert practice and the educational process.
Evidence in criminal proceedings on criminal offenses related to armed conflict: court practice
Authors: Bondar Volodymyr
Published: June 2023

Purpose. The purpose of the work is to identify problematic issues of proof in criminal proceedings about criminal offenses related to the armed conflict in the aspect of judicial practice and to formulate recommendations for their solution at the level of law enforcement. Method. The methodology includes a set of methods of scientific knowledge: comparative-legal, formal-legal, systemic-structural, dogmatic (legal). Results: based on the results of the study, the problematic issues of proof and judicial practice in criminal proceedings on criminal offenses related to the armed conflict were formulated recommendations for practical workers. Practical significance: the results of the research can be used to specify the tasks of the investigation and to choose rational means of solving them based on a systematic approach in order to distinguish the facts that are subject to investigation as elements that make up the subject of proof, to identify the main features of these facts, to specify the areas and means of activities for identifying sources and carriers of information about these facts.
Causes and conditions of mistakes by participants in criminal proceedings, who have authorities
Authors: Kravets Yulian
Published: June 2023

Purpose. The purpose of the article is a comprehensive study of the phenomenon of mistake. committed by participants in criminal proceedings who have powerful powers, including the causes and conditions of their occurrence. Methods. The methodological basis of the study was a set of general scientific and branch-legal methods, united by an integrated approach, thanks to which it was possible to consider, mistake. The methods of analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, the formal-legal method, as well as the modeling method made it possible to build a system of conceptual approaches to the problem of the causes and conditions of making mistakes by participants in criminal proceedings who have powerful powers. Results. It was concluded that the concepts of reasons and conditions for the occurrence of errors cannot be equated. The reasons affecting the making of mistakes by the participants in criminal proceedings who have authority are the circumstances or processes that cause and condition the making of mistakes in the process of applying the law by these participants, reducing the effectiveness of law enforcement. At the same time, the conditions for making mistakes by the participants in criminal proceedings, who have powerful powers, do not directly give rise to them, but are a factor that makes it possible to make these mistakes both now and in the future. In particular, they are any shortcomings in the management and organizational activities of these entities. From the point of view of criminal procedural activity, it is difficult to draw a clear distinction between the causes and conditions of making mistakes, because in criminal proceedings there are factors that can be both causes and conditions. Scientific novelty. Attention is drawn to the fact that the activity of eliminating errors by participants in criminal proceedings who have powerful powers requires the development of a concept for solving a complex of theoretical and practical problems of these errors, with the aim of improving the organizational and legal, including criminal procedural error elimination mechanism. Practical significance. The conducted research will contribute to a deeper and comprehensive understanding of this problem, and also provides a basis for the development of effective recommendations to prevent mistakes by participants in criminal proceedings who have powerful powers.
Topical issues of criminal offenses against sexual freedom and sexual inviolability of the person
Authors: Repetskyi Serhii
Published: June 2023

Purpose. The aim of the work is to study topical problems of criminal offenses against sexual freedom and sexual inviolability of a person; to outline positive changes and shortcomings of innovations; to formulate offers for the improvement of existing criminal-law norms in this area. Methodology. The methodology includes a comprehensive analysis and generalization of available scientific-theoretical, legislative material and the formulation of relevant conclusions. During the research, the following methods of scientific knowledge were used: comparative-legal, logical-grammatical, systemic-structural, modeling ones. Results. In the research process, it was recognized that the current criminal legislation of Ukraine lacks a unified approach to the definition of the criminal offenses against sexual freedom and sexual immunity of a person. It became especially noticeable after the changes made to the Criminal Code of Ukraine in recent years, as a result of which the traditional approach to the concept of rape was changed, the list of actions of sexual nature with a young person and coercion to enter into sexual intercourse (sexual abuse) a minor was expanded, responsibility for sexual violence and child molestation was established. In this regard, there was a necessity for a more detailed analysis of legislative initiatives regarding the formation of a perfect model of criminal-law norms in Chapter IV of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine with the aim of effective countering the commission of criminal offenses against the sexual freedom and sexual inviolability of a person. Scientific novelty. In the process of research, a number of both progressive and not entirely successful provisions in the current criminal legislation regarding actions related to violations of sexual freedom and sexual inviolability of a person have been identified; they can be taken into account in the future for legislative initiatives regarding criminal liability for criminal offenses in this sphere. Practical significance. The results of the research could be used in law-making activities in the further improvement of national criminal legislation regarding criminal offenses against sexual freedom and sexual immunity of a person, as well as in the educational process during the teaching and learning of the academic disciplines “Topical issues of criminal law and process” and “Criminal law of Ukraine. A special part”.
Actual problems of relation and interaction of the European Union low system with national legal system of member staties
Authors: Makushev Peter , Khidochkin Andriy
Published: June 2023

Purpose. The article is aimed at studying topical issues of correlation and interaction of the legal system of the European Union with the national legal systems of the Member States. Methodology. he methodology includes a comprehensive analysis and synthesis of the available scientific and theoretical material and the formulation of relevant conclusions and recommendations. During the study, the following methods of scientific knowledge were used: dialectical method, methods of analysis and synthesis, systemic and structural-functional methods, as well as comparative legal method. Results. It is established that the formation of the law of the European Union was also influenced by the legal concepts and principles inherent in the national law of the Member States. It is emphasized that over time, a peculiar and autonomous legal system of the European Union was formed, which was not inherent in the national legal systems of the Member States. It is determined that by their essential content, the constituent acts of the European Union are more reminiscent of the constitutional legislation of nation-states, since they define the purpose and objectives of integration, the range of powers of integration formations and their nature, the order of formation and activity States, as well as with international organizations. It is noted that the sovereignty of Member States is somewhat limited in connection with the transfer of a certain amount of state sovereignty to the community authorities. It is concluded that today the European Union law is a strong system of regulation of relations, which is regulated at the international level and is an effective mechanism for the implementation of the main purpose and objectives of the European Union. Originality. In the course of the study, it was established that in the interaction of the legal systems of the European Union and the law of the Member States, monism of the primacy of European law is seen, which is proved by the principles of European Community law arising from judicial decisions of the Court of Justice of the European Union. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in law-making and law enforcement activities during the implementation of European integration tasks.
The Effect of Voids on Flexural Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Slabs
Authors: Kıpçak Fırat , Erdil Barış , Tapan Mucip , Karaşin Abdulhalim
Published: June 2023

The voided reinforced concrete slab system is mainly produced with polyester foam placed mostly at the bottom of the slab. The aim of the voids is to reduce the weight of the slab. In this paper behavior of the voided reinforced concrete slabs in which voids placed at the mid-height of the slab cross-section, is examined analytically. A series of models were created to come up with a lightweight slab. Two distinct slab models were analyzed using the ABAQUS software. In the first group, slabs had three layers, in which bottom and top layers were of solid reinforced concrete, but the mid layer was of voided unreinforced concrete. In the second layer, in order to increase the contact between top and bottom layers of the slab, crossties were utilized, and the mid layer was reinforced accordingly. Since all the layers were 5 cm thick, the total thickness of the slabs were 15 cm. Slabs were 100 cm wide and 200 cm long. They were simulated the three-point bending test. Concrete damaged plasticity material model (CDPM) for concrete and elastoplastic material model for steel was selected. From the results it was found that moment capacity decreased with the increase in the volume of the voids. There was a sudden decrease in strength after reaching the yield strength in voided slab without a crosstie. In addition, crossties enabled the reduction of the weight of the slabs without significant decrease in moment capacity.
PECULIARITIES OF FOLKLORE MYTHOLOGICAL IMAGES AND MOTIVES REALIZATION IN THE ARTISTIC WORLD OF FANTASY
Authors:   Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade named after Mykhailo Tugan-Baranovsky, Udovichenko H. M. , Kravchenko A. B. ,   Kryvyi Rih Comprehensive School #1, Mysnik Ya. S. ,   Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade named after Mykhailo Tugan-Baranovsky
Published: June 2023

Objective. The objective of the article is to identify and characterize the peculiarities of the folklore mythological images and motifs realization in the artistic world of fantasy. Methods. The main scientific results were obtained using a set of general scientific and special research methods, namely: analysis, generalization and systematization of scientific and educational literature on literary studies, psychology, linguistics; theoretical generalization, analysis and synthesis, as well as comparative, descriptive and analytical Results. The article considers a characteristic feature of fantasy novels, which is the presence in their structure of folk and fairy tale elements. The similarity between fantasy and folk tales is expressed in their formulaic and stories about obviously unrealistic events. The authors of fantasy actively use not only the style of a fairy tale, but also the figurative-motive complex of a folk tale, filling it with meanings dictated by the problems of modern reality. Thus, traditional fairy-tale plots in the artistic world of fantasy are subject to novelization and ironic rethinking, which aims to reveal the mechanisms of folk fairy-tale tradition through the distortion of reality. There are many folklore and fairy-tale motifs in fantasy works, for example, the motif of the path on which the plot of a fairy tale and fantasy is built. The world through which the fantasy hero travels, or the space in which he is transported in one way or another, acquires the features of the afterlife of a fairy tale, and the process of movement takes the form of “detailing” space in the development of another world. The affinity of Slavic fantasy and fairy tales determines the continuity of their poetic organization, which implies the existence of correspondence between their structures and functional schemes. In the female images of Slavic fantasy literature there are features characteristic of fairy-tale heroines. There is also a correspondence between the functions of fantasy heroes and the functions of fairy-tale heroes, due to the similarity between the composition of Slavic fantasy and the composition of a fairy tale, established on the basis of comparison of their functional schemes. The reworked complex of Slavic folklore and mythological images and motifs forms the basis of the artistic world of works of Slavic fantasy.
NEOLOGISMS FORMATION AND USE IN THE NOVEL «1984» BY G. ORWELL
Authors:   Mykhailo Tuhan-Baranovskyi Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade, Udovichenko H. M. , Tkachenko K. V. ,   Kryvyi Rih Central Town Gymnasium
Published: June 2023

Objective of the article is to analyze the peculiarities of the formation and use of neologisms in Orwell’s novel «1984». Methods. The main scientific results are obtained using a set of general scientific and special research methods, namely: analysis, generalization and systematization of scientific and educational literature on literary studies, psychology, and linguistics; theoretical generalization, analysis and synthesis, as well as comparative, descriptive and analytical Results. Enrichment of language with new lexical units of any type and structure is a positive moment in the process of development and improvement of the language and language tools. It is the emergence of neologisms that indicates the development of society and humanity as a whole. Neologisms, on the one hand, are defined as words, meanings, or combinations of words that have appeared in a particular language over a period. On the other hand, neologisms are terms that are a new meaning of an existing word, or a word borrowed from another language, the novelty of which is still felt. According to linguists, neologisms are words of any period that are new to the previous period; not only new words, but also new meanings of words, as well as new phraseological or stable word combinations; units arising from the elements of the language existing in the language. Based on the study, we concluded that on the pages of his novel, J. Orwell manages to portray and recreate a world in which all generally accepted humane principles are reversed, universally recognized human values are absent, but still not defeated human nature itself, which inevitably seeks to break out, discovering ways to overcome unbearable shackles. In addition, the shackles that society as a whole and each individual are trying to envelop, the representatives of this inhuman regime with an unconditional dictatorship of power. It should be emphasized that there is no one correct way to translate neologisms, especially authorial ones. At the same time, the socio-political conditions in which the translator finds himself may limit the choice of a suitable translator for reasons of censorship or political expediency. To ensure the adequacy of the translation of works with a pronounced linguistic and cultural component, the translator must be aware of the realities of both cultures: the culture of the source text and the culture of the target one.
Medeni Usul Hukukunda Yargılamanın Hızlandırılması ve Adalete Erişim Hakkı Bakımından Çevrimiçi Yargılama ve Yapay Zekanın Kullanımı
Authors: KARABEL Emine Gökçe , AYDEMİR Dilek
Published: June 2023

Teknolojik gelişmelerin medeni usul hukuku bakımından ilk ve en etkili yansıması uluslararası pek çok ödüle de sahip olan UYAP sisteminin kurulması ile olmuştur. Elektronik tebligat yanında medeni yargılama hukuku bakımından dijitalleşme konusundaki en çarpıcı örneklerden birisi olarak karşımıza, özellikle 2020’de yapılan kanun değişikliği ile e-duruşma (HMK m.149) çıkmaktadır. Belli uyuşmazlıklar bakımından dava şartı olarak uygulanan arabuluculuğun icrası da artık çoğunlukla teknolojik imkanlar kullanılarak yapılmakta; yüz yüze yapılmamaktadır. Her ne kadar belli uyuşmazlıklar bakımından alternatif uyuşmazlık çözüm sistemleri uygulanıyor olsa da merkezi bir alternatif uyuşmazlık çözüm sistemi mevcut olmadığı gibi genel manada “small claim” yani küçük miktarlı ve nispeten daha az karmaşık uyuşmazlıklar bakımından özel bir uyuşmazlık çözüm usulü ya da yargılama usulü öngörülmüş değildir.

Uyuşmazlık çözümünde şirketlerin ve uyuşmazlık çözüm kurumlarının yanında artık devletlerin de yargı Örneğin, Birleşik Krallık’ta uygulanan “England Small Claim Procedure” yanında son yıllarda pilot uygulaması gerçekleştirilen “Çevrimiçi Sivil Para Alacakları (OCMC- Online Civil Money Claim) ve “Damages Claims Online Pilot (Çevrimiçi Hasar Talepleri Pilotu) uygulamaları da uyuşmazlığın Devletin yargı hizmetinin bir parçası olarak uyuşmazlık çözümünde kullanıldığı görülmektedir. İngiltere’deki bu pilot uygulamada dahi örnek alınan ve bu konudaki en başarılı örneklerden birisi olarak ise karşımıza Kanada’da uygulanan “Civil Resolution Tribunal” sistemi çıkmaktadır.

Yapay zeka konusunda en çok tartışılan konu ise yapay zekanın karar mercii olması ihtimalidir. Bunun dışında, özellikle karar taslağı oluşturulması, mevzuat ve spesifik ilmi ve kazai içtihat tespiti gibi konularda hakime yardımcı yapay zeka ve taraflara ve avukatlara yardımcı yapay zeka çalışmaları karşımıza çıkmaktadır.

Bu çalışmada hem yapay zeka alanındaki gelişmeler hem de karşılaştırmalı hukukta küçük uyuşmazlıkların çözümü için öngörülen bu sistemler örnek alınarak Türk hukuku bakımından özellikle yargıya erişim hakkı ve usul ekonomisi ilkesi gerçekleştirilmek üzere çevrimiçi uyuşmazlık çözüm sistemlerinin özellikle karmaşık olmayan küçük miktarlı uyuşmazlıklar için Türk Hukuku bakımından uygulanabilirliği; bu minvalde ve ayrıca diğer uyuşmazlıkların makul sürede sonuçlandırılmasına hizmet etmesi bakımından UYAP sisteminde yapılabilecek değişikliklere ilişkin önerilerimiz sunulacaktır.
Ticari İşlerde Faiz ve Sigorta Sözleşmelerine Yansıması
Authors: DEMİRCİ Serdar
Published: June 2023

Ticari hükümler, ticari yaşamın gereklilikleri göz önünde bulundurularak, bazı hallerde genel hükümlerden farklı ilke ve esaslar içermektedir. Bu nedenle hukukumuzda bir işin ticari iş sayıldığı hallerde uygulanacak olan 6102 sayılı Türk Ticaret Kanunu’ndaki hükümler ile diğer kanunlarda yer alan ticari hükümler, adi işlerden farklı olarak kendine özgü hüküm ve sonuçları beraberinde getirmektedir.

Faiz hususunda da ticari işlerde, bileşik faiz uygulaması, faiz oranları, öngörülmese dahi faize hak kazanılması, daha yüksek oranda temerrüt faizi istenebilmesi noktalarında adi işlerden ayrıksı durumlara yer verilmiştir. Bilhassa, küresel gelişmelerin etkisiyle ülkemizin içinden geçtiği yüksek enflasyonist dönemde faiz konusu âkit tarafların hak ve menfaatlerinin korunması açısından günümüzde daha dikkat çeker hale gelmiştir.

Türk Ticaret Kanunu kapsamında ticari iş olarak kabul edilen sigorta sözleşmeleri de, sigorta sözleşmesinin konusu, sigorta uyuşmazlığının türü, tarafları, ilgili genel şartlar ve diğer kıstaslar dikkate alındığında faiz konusunda kendine has özellikler sergilemektedir. Bu çalışmada da, ticari iş ve ticari işlerde faiz kavramına değinerek, sigorta sözleşmelerinde hangi faiz türlerinin geçerli olduğu, faiz miktarının belirlenmesi ve faizin hangi tarihten itibaren talep edilebileceği konuları başta olmak üzere muhtelif yargı kararları çerçevesinde konuya ışık tutulmaya gayret edilmiştir.
A clinical case of methemoglobinemia induced by sodium nitrite poisoning
Authors:   O. V. Vladimirtsev Regional Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Khabarovsk Krai, Tokmakov K.A. , Unzhakov V.V. ,   Postgraduate Institute for Public Health Workers under Health Ministry of Khabarovsk Krai, Yakimov P.E. ,   O. V. Vladimirtsev Regional Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Khabarovsk Krai, Khabarovsk, Russia, Skiruta D.V. ,   Postgraduate Institute for Public Health Workers, Khabarovsk, Russia
Published: June 2023

The article presents a clinical case of the successful treatment of secondary methemoglobinemia resulting from deliberate self- poisoning with sodium nitrite salt. The need for all patients with central cyanosis if their status does not improve for the insufflation with humidified oxygen is emphasized
YEREL YÖNETİM ÇALIŞANLARININ SPOR FARKINDALIKLARI İLE SPOR ETKİNLİKLERİNE YÖNELİMLERİ ÜZERİNE İLİŞKİSEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA: İSTANBUL İLİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ÇEYİZ Senem , ALAGÜL Özlem , KARA İsmail
Published: June 2023

Bu araştırmada, yerel yönetim çalışanlarının spor farkındalıkları ile spor etkinliklerine yönelimleri arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Ayrıca katılımcıların spor farkındalıkları ile spor etkinliklerine yönelimleri çeşitli değişkenler açısından da incelenmiştir. İlişkisel tarama modeli çerçevesinde şekillendirilmiş olan araştırmada, nicel araştırma yaklaşımı benimsenmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemini, İstanbul ili özelinde, basit seçkisiz örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak araştırmaya dahil edilen 299 (110 kadın, 189 erkek) yerel yönetim çalışanı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma verilerinin toplanmasında, Spor Farkındalığı Ölçeği (SFÖ), Spor Etkinliklerine Yönelim Ölçeği (SEYÖ) ve Kişisel Bilgi Formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin analizi SPSS 20.0 programı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Normal dağılım gösterdiği tespit edilen araştırma verilerinin analizinde, değişkenler arasındaki farklılıkların belirlenmesinde Bağımsız Örneklemler t Testi ve Tek Yönlü ANOVA testi kullanılmıştır. Ölçekler arasındaki ilişkilerin düzeyi ise Pearson Korelasyon Analizi ile belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonunda elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda katılımcıların SEYÖ puan ortalamaları 3,48 ± 0,82, SFÖ puan ortalamaları 3,76 ± 0,63 olarak bulunmuştur (Ölçme araçları 5 dereceli ölçeklerdir). Korelasyon analizi sonucunda, spor farkındalığı düzeyi ile spor etkinliklerine yönelim düzeyi arasında, yüksek düzeyde pozitif yönlü anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0.05). Ayrıca katılımcıların spor farkındalıklarının ve spor etkinliklerine yönelimlerinin yaş ve ebeveyn olup olmama değişkenlerine göre farklılık göstermediği; cinsiyete (Erkek > Kadın), eğitim durumuna (lisans ve lisansüstü mezunu - lise mezunu > ilk ve ortaöğretim mezunu) ve ailede sporcu ya da spor öz geçmişli bireylerin olup olmaması durumuna (Var > Yok) göre farklılık gösterdiği belirlenmiştir.
How interior design responds to neurodiversity: implementing wearable technologies in neurodesign processes
Authors: Kwon Jain , Linihan Suzie , Iedema Alyssa , Schmidt Alea , Luo Chenyi , Marrufo Karime
Published: June 2023

This perspective article, looking through the lens of neurodiversity, discusses the benefits and challenges of implementing virtual environments and wearable technologies in interior design and related fields. While the relationship between human perception and built environments has long been studied in the environmental design disciplines, the direct impact on occupant performance related to neurodiversity has been underexplored in research, with a shortage of knowledge supporting how it can be applied in design practice concerning the end users. Individuals’ perceptual, cognitive, and affective responses to their surroundings vary, as neurodiversity plays a key role in the invisible, human-environment interaction. Thus, measuring, analyzing, and understanding affective, perceptual, and cognitive experiences is a challenging process in which various factors come into play, and no single method or measurement can adequately work for all. Due to such challenges, research has also utilized various biometric measurements and tools for immersive experiments in physical and virtual environments, e.g., eye tracking used in studies on gaze behaviors and immersive virtual reality (IVR) used in studies on the spatial perception of dementia patients. Along with empirical methods, studies have stressed the contribution of phenomenology to looking into the hidden dimension, the ‘why factors’ of perception, cognition, and affectivity. Concerning the methodological approach, this perspective article shares insights into a novel process model, Participatory Neurodesign (PND) framework, used in wayfinding research and design processes utilizing eye tracking and IVR. Opportunities for neurodesign research and design practice are also discussed, focusing on the health, safety, and wellbeing of end-users.
Multi-omics analysis explores the effect of chronic exercise on liver metabolic reprogramming in mice
Authors: Lu Zhaoxu , Qian Ping , Chang Jiahui , He Xuejia , Zhang Haifeng , Wu Jian , Zhang Ting , Wu Jianxin
Published: June 2023

Background: The effect of exercise on human metabolism is obvious. However, the effect of chronic exercise on liver metabolism in mice is less well described.

Methods: The healthy adult mice running for 6 weeks as exercise model and sedentary mice as control were used to perform transcriptomic, proteomic, acetyl-proteomics, and metabolomics analysis. In addition, correlation analysis between transcriptome and proteome, and proteome and metabolome was conducted as well.

Results: In total, 88 mRNAs and 25 proteins were differentially regulated by chronic exercise. In particular, two proteins (Cyp4a10 and Cyp4a14) showed consistent trends (upregulated) at transcription and protein levels. KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that Cyp4a10 and Cyp4a14 are mainly involved in fatty acid degradation, retinol metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism and PPAR signaling pathway. For acetyl-proteomics analysis, 185 differentially acetylated proteins and 207 differentially acetylated sites were identified. Then, 693 metabolites in positive mode and 537 metabolites in negative mode were identified, which were involved in metabolic pathways such as fatty acid metabolism, citrate cycle and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis.

Conclusion: Based on the results of transcriptomic, proteomics, acetyl-proteomics and metabolomics analysis, chronic moderate intensity exercise has certain effects on liver metabolism and protein synthesis in mice. Chronic moderate intensity exercise may participate in liver energy metabolism by influencing the expression of Cyp4a14, Cyp4a10, arachidonic acid and acetyl coenzyme A and regulating fatty acid degradation, arachidonic acid metabolism, fatty acyl metabolism and subsequent acetylation.
Combination of transbronchial cryobiopsy based clinic-radiologic-pathologic strategy and metagenomic next-generation sequencing for differential diagnosis of rapidly progressive diffuse parenchymal lung diseases
Authors: Sun He , Chen Rongzhang , Li Tian , Gao Jinli , Gu Xia , Zhu Xuyou , Jin Lianfeng , Shi Yi , Li Qiang
Published: June 2023

Background

The complicated spectrum of rapidly progressive diffused parenchymal lung diseases (RP-DPLD) creates obstacles to the precise diagnosis and treatment. We evaluated the differential diagnostic value of transbronchial cryobiopsy (TBCB) based clinic-radiologic-pathologic (CRP) strategy combined with bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in RP-DPLD patients.

Methods

RP-DPLD patients who underwent the diagnostic strategy of TBCB-based CRP combined with BALF mNGS at Shanghai East Hospital from May 2020 to Oct 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical characteristics were summarized, including demographic data, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings, histopathology of TBCB and microbiological results. Diagnostic value of the combined strategy, as well as the sensitivity, specificity, and positive detection rates of mNGS were evaluated.

Results

A total of 115 RP-DPLD patients were enrolled, with a mean age of 64.4 years old and a male proportion of 54.8%. The pulmonary imaging findings in most patients were complex and diverse, with all patients showing bilateral lung diffuse lesions in HRCT, and progressively aggravated imaging changes within one month. After combining TBCB-based CRP strategy with mNGS, all participants received a corresponding diagnosis with 100% diagnostic yield. In these patients, 58.3% (67/115) were diagnosed with noninfectious RP-DPLD and 41.7% (48/115) with infection-related RP-DPLD. There were 86.1% of cases with known etiology according to the DPLD classification. BALF mNGS and traditional pathogen detection methods were performed in all patients, the positive detection rates were 50.4% (58/115) and 32.2% (37/115), respectively. Meanwhile, the mNGS showed significantly higher sensitivity and negative predictive value than the traditional pathogen detection methods for the diagnosis of infection-related RP-DPLD (100% vs 60.4% (p<0.001), 100% vs 75.6% (p<0.001), respectively). Among noninfectious RP-DPLD patients, the true negative rate of mNGS was 85.1% (57/67). All patients had their treatment regimen modified and the 30-day mortality was 7.0%.

Conclusion

The novel strategy of TBCB-based CRP combined with mNGS provided dependable and sufficient evidence for the diagnosis, meanwhile further improved the accuracy of RP-DPLD treatment, as well as the prognosis of patients. Our results highlight the significant value of combined strategy in determining whether the RP-DPLD patients were infection associated or not.
The purpose of radio and how it supports older adults' wellbeing
Authors: Krause Amanda E. , Fletcher Heather
Published: June 2023

In Australia today, radio continues to draw large audiences, with high engagement among older adults. This research investigated how radio personnel and listeners regard the purpose of radio, and further how engaging with radio is perceived to influence listener wellbeing. Thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with radio personnel (N = 16) and focus groups with older adult listeners (N = 32) suggest that the purpose of radio is to stay informed (e.g., news and information), for entertainment (e.g., music), and for perceived social purposes (e.g., communion, social connection, company, and companionship). Findings indicate there are implicit and explicit ways in which radio facilitates the wellbeing of their listenership. Explicitly, radio promotes mental health through broadcasts and programming, as well as exploiting the medium of radio as a public service for the community to call and rely on. Participants implicitly indicated that radio acts as a surrogate friend in their home; someone to keep them company and encourage connection to their greater community. Broadly, perceived relationships with radio programs and individual presenters, built and sustained over time through repeating listening, underpin the radio's ability to support listener wellbeing. These findings have implications for broadcasting practices as well as future work concerning how the radio might be used as a widely accessible tool for promoting quality of older life.
Impact of atrial fibrillation on outcomes in asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis: a propensity-matched analysis
Authors: Oguz Didem , Huntley Geoffrey D. , El-Am Edward A. , Scott Christopher G. , Thaden Jeremy J. , Pislaru Sorin V. , Fabre Katarina L. , Singh Mandeep , Greason Kevin L. , Crestanello Juan A. , Pellikka Patricia A. , Oh Jae K. , Nkomo Vuyisile T.
Published: June 2023

Background

Atrial fibrillation (AF) portends poor prognosis in patients with aortic stenosis (AS).

Objectives

This study aimed to study the association of AF vs. sinus rhythm (SR) with outcomes in asymptomatic severe AS during routine clinical practice.

Methods

We identified 909 asymptomatic patients from 3,208 consecutive patients with aortic valve area ≤1.0 cm2 and left ventricular ejection fraction ≥50% at a tertiary academic center. Patients were grouped by rhythm at the time of transthoracic echocardiogram [SR: 820/909 (90%) and AF: 89/909 (10%)]. Propensity-matched analyses (2 SR:1 AF) matching 174 SR to 89 AF patients by age, sex, and clinical comorbidities were used to compare outcomes.

Results

In the propensity-matched cohort, median age (82 ± 8 vs. 81 ± 9 years, p = 0.31), sex distribution (male 58% vs. 52%, p = 0.30), and Charlson comorbidity index (4.0 vs. 3.0, p = 0.26) were not different in AF vs. SR. Median follow-up duration was 2.6 (IQR: 1.0–4.4) years. The 1-year rate of aortic valve replacement (AVR) was not different (AF: 32% vs. SR: 37%, p = 0.31). All-cause mortality was higher in AF [hazard ratio (HR): 1.68 (1.13–2.50), p = 0.009]. Independent predictors of mortality were age [HR: 1.92 (1.40–2.62), p < 0.001], Charlson comorbidity index [1.09 (1.03–1.15), p = 0.002], aortic valve peak velocity [HR: 1.87 (1.20–2.94), p = 0.006], stroke volume index [HR: 0.75 (0.60–0.93), p = 0.01], moderate or more mitral regurgitation [HR: 2.97 (1.43–6.19), p = 0.004], right ventricular systolic dysfunction [HR: 2.39 (1.29–4.43), p = 0.006], and time-dependent AVR [HR: 0.36 (0.19–0.65), p = 0.0008]. There was no significant interaction of AVR and rhythm (p = 0.57).

Conclusions

Lower forward flow, right ventricular systolic dysfunction, and mitral regurgitation identified increased risk of subsequent mortality in asymptomatic patients with AF and AS. Additional studies of risk stratification of asymptomatic AS in AF vs. SR are needed.
Association of handgrip strength with new-onset CKD in Korean adults according to gender
Authors: Lee Sung-Bum , Kim Miryung , Lee Hui-Jeong , Kim Jong-Koo
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Handgrip strength (HGS) is an indicator of many diseases such as pneumonia, cardiovascular disease and cancer. HGS can also predict renal function in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, but the value of HGS as a predictor of new-onset CKD is unknown.

Methods

173,195 subjects were recruited from a nationwide cohort and were followed for 4.1  years. After exclusions, 35,757 participants remained in the final study, and CKD developed in 1063 individuals during the follow-up period. Lifestyle, anthropometric and laboratory data were evaluated in relation to the risk of CKD.

Results

The participants were subdivided into quartiles according to relative handgrip strength (RGS). Multivariate Cox regression demonstrated that RGS was inversely associated with incident CKD. Compared with the lowest quartile, the hazard ratios (HRs) [95% confidence intervals (CIs)] for incident CKD for the highest quartile (Q4) was 0.55 (0.34–0.88) after adjusting for covariates in men and 0.51 (0.31–0.85) in women. The incidence of CKD decreased as RGS increased. These negative associations were more significant in men than in women. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that baseline RGS had predictive power for new-onset CKD. Area under the curve (AUC) (95% CIs) was 0.739 (0.707–0.770) in men and 0.765 (0.729–0.801) in women.

Conclusion

This is the novel study demonstrating that RGS is associated with incident CKD in both men and women. The relationship between RGS and incident CKD is more significant in women than in men. RGS can be used in clinical practice to evaluate renal prognosis. Regular measurement of handgrip strength is essential to CKD detection.
Integrating qualitative interviews in drug development and the use of qualitative evidence in product labelling and health technology assessments: a review
Authors: Michel Anne-Sophie , Kamudoni Paul , Marrel Alexia , Adiutori Rocco , Desvignes-Gleizes Céline , Lanar Sally , Schache Peter , Spies Erica , Park Josephine
Published: June 2023

Objective

Including qualitative research in clinical trial design is an innovative approach to understanding patients’ perspective and incorporate the patient’s voice in all stages of drug development and evaluation. This review aims to explore current practices, lessons learned from the literature, as well as how qualitative interviews are considered by health authorities for marketing authorization and reimbursement.

Methods

A targeted literature review of Medline and Embase databases was conducted in February 2022 to identify publications on qualitative methods embedded in clinical trial of pharmaceutical products. An additional search of guidelines and labeling claims of approved products regarding qualitative research was performed in various sources of grey literature.

Results

From the 24 publications and nine documents reviewed, we identified the research questions addressed with qualitative methods during clinical trials (e.g., change in quality of life, symptoms assessment, treatment benefit), preferred data collection methods (e.g., interviews), and data collection points (e.g., baseline and exit interviews). Moreover, the data from labels and HTAs demonstrate that qualitative data can play an important role in approval processes.

Conclusion

The use of in-trial interviews is still emerging and is not yet common practice. Although the industry, scientific community, regulatory agencies and HTAs are showing an increasing interest in the use of evidence generated via in-trial interviews, guidance from regulators and HTAs would be helpful. Developing new methods and technologies to address the common challenges for such interviews is key to progress.
Polyclonal antibodies inhibit growth of key cellulolytic rumen bacterial species
Authors: Tondini Sara M. , Mackie Roderick I. , McCann Joshua C.
Published: June 2023

Antibodies targeting specific bacterial species could allow for modification of the rumen microbial population to enhance rumen fermentation. However, there is limited knowledge of targeted antibody effects on rumen bacteria. Therefore, our objective was to develop efficacious polyclonal antibodies to inhibit the growth of targeted cellulolytic bacteria from the rumen. Egg-derived, polyclonal antibodies were developed against pure cultures of Ruminococcus albus 7 (anti-RA7), Ruminococcus albus 8 (anti-RA8), and Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 (anti-FS85). Antibodies were added to a cellobiose-containing growth medium for each of the three targeted species. Antibody efficacy was determined via inoculation time (0 h and 4 h) and dose response. Antibody doses included: 0 (CON), 1.3 × 10−4 (LO), 0.013 (MD), and 1.3 (HI) mg antibody per ml of medium. Each targeted species inoculated at 0 h with HI of their respective antibody had decreased (P < 0.01) final optical density and total acetate concentration after a 52 h growth period when compared with CON or LO. Live/dead stains of R. albus 7 and F. succinogenes S85 dosed at 0 h with HI of their respective antibody indicated a decrease (≥ 96%; P < 0.05) in live bacterial cells during the mid-log phase compared with CON or LO. Addition of HI of anti-FS85 at 0 h in F. succinogenes S85 cultures reduced (P < 0.01) total substrate disappearance over 52 h by at least 48% when compared with CON or LO. Cross-reactivity was assessed by adding HI at 0 h to non-targeted bacterial species. Addition of anti-RA8 or anti-RA7 to F. succinogenes S85 cultures did not affect (P ≥ 0.45) total acetate accumulation after 52 h incubation, indicating that antibodies have less of an inhibitory effect on non-target strains. Addition of anti-FS85 to non-cellulolytic strains did not affect (P ≥ 0.89) OD, substrate disappearance, or total VFA concentrations, providing further evidence of specificity against fiber-degrading bacteria. Western blotting with anti-FS85 indicated selective binding to F. succinogenes S85 proteins. Identification by LC-MS/MS of 8 selected protein spots indicated 7 were outer membrane proteins. Overall, polyclonal antibodies were more efficacious at inhibiting the growth of targeted cellulolytic bacteria than non-targeted bacteria. Validated polyclonal antibodies could serve as an effective approach to modify rumen bacterial populations.
Rhubarb polysaccharide and berberine co-assembled nanoparticles ameliorate ulcerative colitis by regulating the intestinal flora
Authors: Feng Yifan , Wu Chenyang , Chen Huan , Zheng Tingting , Ye Hanyi , Wang Jinrui , Zhang Yinghua , Gao Jia , Li Ying , Dong Zhengqi
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects about 7 million people globally, which is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract caused by gut microbiota alterations, immune dysregulation, genetic and environmental factors. Nanoparticles (NPs) deliver an active natural compound to a site harbored by disordered microbiota, they are used to interact, target and act intentionally on microbiota. Although there is accumulating evidence indicating that berberine and polysaccharide play an important role in IBD via regulating microbiota, there is limited research that presents a complete picture of exactly how their carrier-free co-assembled nanodrug affects IBD.

Methods: The study establishes the carrier-free NPs formed by berberine and rhubarb polysaccharide based on the combination theory of Rheum palmatum L. and Coptis chinensis Franch., and characterizes the NPs. The IBD treatment efficacy of NPs are evaluated via IBD efficacy index, and explore the mechanism of NPs via 16S rRNA test and immunohistochemistry including occludin and zonula occludens-1.

Results: The results showed that DHP and BBR were co-assembled to nanoparticles, and the BD can effectively relieve the symptoms of UC mouse induced by DSS via regulating gut microbiota and repair the gut barrier integrity, because BD have a longer retention on the colon tissue and react with the microbiota and mucus thoroughly. Interestingly, BD can enrich more probiotic than free BBR and DHP.

Discussion: This design provides a better strategy and encourages future studies on IBD treatment via regulating gut microbiota and the design of novel plant polysaccharide based carrier-free co-assembly therapies.
Group trust dynamics during a risky driving experience in a Tesla Model X
Authors: Momen Ali , de Visser Ewart J. , Fraune Marlena R. , Madison Anna , Rueben Matthew , Cooley Katrina , Tossell Chad C.
Published: June 2023

The growing concern about the risk and safety of autonomous vehicles (AVs) has made it vital to understand driver trust and behavior when operating AVs. While research has uncovered human factors and design issues based on individual driver performance, there remains a lack of insight into how trust in automation evolves in groups of people who face risk and uncertainty while traveling in AVs. To this end, we conducted a naturalistic experiment with groups of participants who were encouraged to engage in conversation while riding a Tesla Model X on campus roads. Our methodology was uniquely suited to uncover these issues through naturalistic interaction by groups in the face of a risky driving context. Conversations were analyzed, revealing several themes pertaining to trust in automation: (1) collective risk perception, (2) experimenting with automation, (3) group sense-making, (4) human-automation interaction issues, and (5) benefits of automation. Our findings highlight the untested and experimental nature of AVs and confirm serious concerns about the safety and readiness of this technology for on-road use. The process of determining appropriate trust and reliance in AVs will therefore be essential for drivers and passengers to ensure the safe use of this experimental and continuously changing technology. Revealing insights into social group–vehicle interaction, our results speak to the potential dangers and ethical challenges with AVs as well as provide theoretical insights on group trust processes with advanced technology.