bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pelatihan Pengoperasian Media Pembelajaran bagi Guru untuk Meningkatkan Profesionalitas Guru
Authors: Kurniawan Carlina Sukma Ayu , Rokhim Deni Ainur , Al Siddiq Imamul Huda
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The training activities were carried out at SMPN 1 Krembung which aimed to improve the professionalism of teachers in the operation of electronic-based learning media. This dedication is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach. Data collection techniques used in the form of lectures, discussions, training, and documentation. The data obtained was analyzed descriptively quantitatively. The activities carried out are: (1) providing understanding for teachers about the importance of utilizing developing technology as a learning medium, and (2) conducting simulations of making electronic-based learning media ranging from how to create to the operation of electronic-based learning media. This activity was attended by twenty teachers from SMP Negeri 1 Krembung. Seventeen teachers understood the benefits and ways of using electronic learning media as well.Keywords: Training, learning media, electronics, teacher professionalism, Junior High School 1 Krembung.Abstrak. Kegiatan pelatihan dilakukan di SMPN 1 Krembung yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan profesionalisme guru dalam pengoprasian media pembelajaran berbasis elektronik. Pengabdian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam bentuk ceramah, diskusi, pelatihan, dan dokumentasi. Data yang telah diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif. Adapun kegaiatn yang dilakukan adalah: (1) memberikan pemahaman bagi guru mengenai pentingnya memanfaatkan teknologi yang berkembang sebagai media pembelajaran, dan (2) melakukan simulasi pembuatan media pembelajaran berbasis elektronik mulai dari cara mebuatan hingga pengoprasian media pembelajaran berbasis elektronik. Kegiatan ini diikuti oleh dua puluh guru SMP Negeri 1 Krembung. Sejumlah tujuh belas guru memahami manfaat dan cara menggunakan media pembelajaran media pembelajaran berbasis elektronik dengan baik.Kata Kunci: Pelatihan, media pembelajaran elektronik, profesionalisme guru, SMP Negeri 1 Krembung.
Struktur Kandelia candel (L.) Druce di Pulau Payung Sungsang, Banyuasin, Sumatera Selatan
Authors: Sarno Sarno , Marisa Hanifa , Army Fadilla Surya
Published: March 2021

K. candel (L.) Druce, including one of the rare mangroves that need unique management. This study aimed to determine the vegetation structure, habitat, and abundance of K. candel. Determination of stations and points of research transects using the line transect method at five observation stations with each observation station consisting of three transect lines. The results showed that 13 species from 8 families were divided into primary, minor, and association mangrove categories. K. candel habitat in Pulau Payung was found at observation station 2 with a salinity of 0 ‰ and a clay substrate type. K. candel was also found at observation station 4 with a 0% salinity and a sandy clay substrate type. The vegetation that dominates on Payung Island is the A.alba BI type. seen from the Importance Value (NP) at the tree level of 77.77%, sapling level of 86.67%, and at the seedling level of 65.52%. The significance value of K. cande at the tree level was 30.59%, the sapling level was 47.33%, and at the seedling, the level was 24.48%. This suggests that the abundance of K. Candel is limited.
IMPROVING LEARNING OUTCOMES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION USING MULTIMEDIA TECHNOLOGY IN 4.0 ERA
Authors: Mashari Mashari , S Adi
Published: March 2021

This research is based on physical education learning outcomes that are still low. The research aims to improve learning outcomes of badminton. The subjects of this study were students of class XI IPS SMAN 4 Bojonegoro. The number of samples in this study were 36 students. This study uses classroom action research with two cycles with a multimedia technology approach. Based on the results of the study before the action the average student score of 40 (not good); in the first cycle learning outcomes an average of 60 (enough); and in cycle II the average value is 80.45 (good) and classical completeness is 36 students or 100%. The use of multimedia technology has succeeded in increasing physical education learning outcomes. The latest multimedia facilities can answer problems that arise in learning. The effectiveness of multimedia learning can be seen from its tendency to attract the attention and interests of students because it combines views, sound and movement. So that learning takes place interesting and easy to remember by students.
SOLUTIONS IN HANDLING STUDENT STRESS DURING HOMELEARNING USING GAMES LEARNING METHOD
Authors: PANGGABEAN DEDY
Published: March 2021

andemic times make students feel stressed during home learning.  They admit that they are stressed and confused to do various activities that support their productivity.  The pressure they experience during this home based learning results in their passivity when learning.  This is the background of this research.  The data collected proved that students experienced stress during home learning process. The results found that 90.67% of students were bored, 81.67% of students were not productive and often complained. This study aims to find the best solution in dealing with student stress during the home learning period.  The research finally found that the games method was very suitable for the students' current conditions, because 89.33% of students are very happy with this method. This research uses questionnaire sheets, observation sheets, and interview sheets in the data collection process.  The data that has been collected is processed using descriptive statistical data collection techniques.  This research was conducted at the Lentera Harapan Tomohon School, North Sulawesi.  This research was conducted for two weeks from November 02, 2020 – November 13, 2020. The subjects of this study were 90 grade VIII students.  This research finally succeeded in finding a method that was suitable for the current situation.

Keywords: Stressed, Home Learning, Games
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AS DEVELOPMENT TOOLS FOR SECOND-TIER COOPERATIVES
Authors: Mozas Moral Adoración , Bernal Jurado Enrique , Fernández Uclés Domingo , Medina Viruel Miguel Jesús
Published: March 2021

The Spanish olive oil sector is the world leader in terms of olive oil production. This sector primarily comprises companies in the social economy, especially cooperatives, which account for more than 75% of production. The emergence of second-tier cooperatives has enabled the implementation of one of the recurring recommendations by scholars, namely enhancing the commercialization of olive oil through greater concentration and integration of supply. This improved commercialization is made possible in part by the greater capacity of these companies to invest in information and communication technologies (ICTs) and human capital specialized in managing these ICTs. The use of the Internet gives these companies access to a market of unparalleled dimensions. In light of this situation, this study examines the factors that explain a higher level of online sales activity by these firms. To do so, fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) is used. The results show that age, size, the management’s ICT training, social network activity, and outsourced ICT management are associated with greater online sales of olive oil by second-tier cooperatives.
Robert Louis Stevenson and the Fin-de-Siècle Vampire
“Olalla” (1885) as ‘Aesthetic Fantastic’
Authors: Riccioni Angelo
Published: March 2021

“Olalla” (1885) by Robert Louis Stevenson has usually been neglected by critics interested in late-Victorian culture. Preceding of just a few weeks the publication of The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1886), this novella has been judged as a derivative work, a story whose interest lies in its different sources, ranging from Edward Bulwer Lytton’s A Strange Story to E.A. Poe’s tales. My analysis aims to prove that in writing this work, Stevenson is probably drawing inspiration from the imagery exploited by some members of the Aesthetic Movement, among them Walter Pater and Edward Burne-Jones.
Beyond the Boundaries of Realism
Monstrous Islands and Literary Hybrids at the Fin de Siècle in Conan Doyle’s, R. L. Stevenson’s and H. G. Wells’s Fiction
Authors: Gay Julie
Published: March 2021

This article explores the way in which at the fin de siècle, Doyle, Stevenson and Wells chose to set their works on marginal islands in order to spatially escape not only from the bleak reality of the modern world, but also from the constraints of realism, and to reconnect with more imaginative forms of writing. It thus aims to shed new light on the relationship between geographical space and literary aesthetics, and to demonstrate that the island space is especially conducive to generic excursions out of realism and towards the fantastic, the marvellous and even the monstrous, leading to the creation of eminently hybrid literary texts.
Literary Transmigration
George Eliot, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and the Spirit of Transatlantic Exchange
Authors: Soares Rebecca
Published: March 2021

Reading several letters from the eleven-year correspondence alongside Dred and Daniel Deronda, this paper argues that the model of transatlantic spiritual communication presented by Stowe and Eliot’s epistolary friendship takes on a new and potentially radical light when applied to the concept of a transnational and post racial spiritual community. Each text fundamentally challenges the ability of the realist novel to depict a nuanced understanding of racial identity through the use of spiritualist and religious discourse and imagery.
ANALISA SIFAT MEKANIK ALUMINIUM ALLOY 6151 SETELAH MENGALAMI PERLAKUAN PANAS
Authors: Permatasari Desy , Zuhaimi Zuhaimi , Jannifar Ali
Published: March 2021

Perlakuan panas merupakan suatu proses pemanasan dan pendinginan yang terkontrol, dengan tujuan mengubah sifat fisik dan mekanis dari suatu bahan atau logam sesuai dengan yang diinginkan. Salah satu metode perlakuan panas tersebut adalah dengan proses quenching. Proses ini dilakukan pada temperature 500°C waktu tahan 180 menit kemudian didinginkan dengan media minyak jarak, minyak kelapa, oli dan air. Hasil pengujian memperlihatkan bahwa nilai kekerasan adalah 96,50 HRC dengan media pendingin minyak jarak. Hasil pengujian tarik memperlihatkan nilai yang diperoleh 41,35 kgf/𝑚𝑚2. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa meningkatkan kekerasan setelah dilakukan perlakuan panas dan menurunkan nilai kekuatan tarik. Sementara hasil mikro struktur memperlihatkan bahwa diameter butiran bahan menunjukkan semakin kecil diameter butiran maka sifat mekanis bahan meningkat.Kata Kunci : Heat Treatment, Aluminium Alloy 6151, Sikat Mekanik, Struktur Mikro
PENGARUH VARIASI RAPAT ARUS HARD ANODIZING TERHADAP LAJU KOROSI PADA ALUMINIUM 6061
Authors: Mariam Siti Ulfah , Ibrahim Akhyar , Yuniati Yuniati , Nazirudin Nazirudin
Published: March 2021

Aluminium merupakan logam yang mempunyai sifat ringan,tahan korosi, penghantar listrik dan  panas yang baik serta mudah dibentuk. Meskipun tahan korosi, apabila logam Aluminium dipajang (exspose) kelingkungan ,maka akan terjadi interaksi antara logam dan terjadi korosi. Terdapat beberapa cara yang dapat digunakan untuk melindungi logam dari korosi salah satunya proses Anodisasi . Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh rapat arus hard anodisasi terhadap laju korosi pada aluminium 6061. Rapat arus yang di gunakan yakni 2,5 Amp/dm2, 3 Amp/dm2, dan 3,5 Amp/dm2 . setelah itu dilakukan uji kekerasan permukaan menggunakan microhardness vickers dengan pembebanan 200 gf. Nilai kekerasan dengan rapat arus 2,5 Amp/dm2 121,37 HVN, dengan nilai kekerasan  3 Amp/dm2 168,90 HVN dan 3,5 Amp/dm2 206,73 HVN.  Setelah proses anodisasi , Aluminium di lakukan perendaman dengan larutan korosif NaCl (konsentrasi 3,5 %) dengan waktu perendaman 93 jam, 186 jam, 272 jam, dan 456 jam. laju korosi Aluminium 6061 yang paling   tinggi berada pada waktu perendaman 279 jam untuk base material. Sedangkan nilai yang paling stabil di tunjukkan pada variasi rapat arus 3 Amp/dm2, nilai di tunjukkan tidak mengalami kenaikan yang konstan. Sementara itu untuk penggunaan rapat arus 3,5 Amp/dm2 memiliki laju korosi sedikit lebih tinggi dibanding penggunaan rapat arus 3 Amp/dm2. Kata kunci : Aluminium, Anodisasi, Laju korosi
Editar en un sistema de ecos positivos. La edición de revistas de crítica artística contemporánea en la década de los ochenta del siglo XX en el Estado español, a través de los proyectos emblemáticos...
Authors: Ortiz Carme , Eraso Miren
Published: March 2021

A partir de un análisis del contexto socio-político y artístico-cultural del estado español en la década de los 80 del pasado siglo, se expone un estudio crítico de los proyectos editoriales que surgieron en ese momento histórico en España, contraponiéndolo con la situación de las políticas de la edición en la escena internacional, principalmente en Europa y Estados Unidos. Se ha realizado un amplio trabajo de campo que ha incluido el contacto directo con los distintos agentes involucrados en la actividad editorial, y el análisis de los proyectos editoriales generados en este marco temporal y algunos precedentes. Esta investigación toma los casos de las revistas Figura (Sevilla, 1983-1986), Figura Internacional, Sur Exprés (Madrid, 1988) y Arena Internacional del Arte (Madrid 1989) como ejemplos paradigmáticos de proyectos de revistas que tuvieron una función aglutinadora entre artistas, críticos y agentes culturales, uniendo en un mismo contenedor la producción artística, la producción editorial y la difusión.
The effects of drama method on the academic achievement in ninth graders history course
Authors:   Department of History Education, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey, Kurt Cemile
Published: March 2021

This research aimed to present how using the drama method in high school history courses affected student achievement. The descriptive study utilized data collected with quasi-experimental design in quantitative method and made use of data based on content analysis in qualitative method. The study group of the research consisted of 59 students in 9/K (experimental) and 9/G (control) classes, selected through simple non-random sampling method from a state high school in Çankaya District of Ankara Province in the 2017-2018 academic year. The research was limited to the unit of “Eurasia in the First and Middle Ages” in the 9th grade History Course. The data obtained at the end of the eight-week implementation process were collected with pre and post academic achievement tests, focus group interviews and researcher observations. Quantitative data on academic achievement were analyzed with the SPSS 15.00 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) Package Program, focus group interview data were analyzed with content analysis and researcher observations were analyzed with descriptive analysis. The study concluded that history lessons taught with the drama method were more effective and efficient compared to history lessons taught with direct instruction method and that there was a significant difference in favor of the experimental group students in regards to academic achievement. The findings of focus group interviews and researcher observations demonstrated that use of drama in education was effective on student learning, it developed positive affect and it informed students about drama.
A Rapid Method for Monitoring Landscape Structure and Ecological Value in European Farmlands: the LISA approach
Authors: Oppermann Rainer , Aguirre Ernesto , Bleil Richard , Calabuig Jordi Domingo , Šálek Martin , Schmotzer András , Schraml Antonia
Published: March 2021

Farmland biodiversity has dramatically declined in European agricultural landscapes over the past century. The key driver of this decline is the intensification of farming practices. In response, various policies have been developed to protect and promote farmland biodiversity, including so-called greening measures under the Common Agricultural Policy(CAP). However, there is currently very little systematically collected data on the ecological quality of European farmland. Therefore, we developed a survey method to provide repeatable and comparable data. This method comprises the mapping of land use and ecological quality of parcels in sample plots of 500 m x 500 m, vegetation transects on up to four predefined parcels in each sample plot and a photo documentation of the transects and the whole plot. Using this LISA method (Landscape Infrastructure and Sustainable Agriculture), we investigated about 25plots in each of 35 regions in 2014 and 13 regions in 2016, altogether in 10 EU countries. The methodology provides a time- and cost-efficient possibility to collect standardised data on the ecological quality of farmland habitats. We show that biodiversity in arable fields is at an extremely low level. The survey methodology proved to be applicable in all parts of Europe and thus being applied widely it could deliver a representative view on the ecological situation of all agricultural landscapes in Europe.
Species composition of parasites Rana temporaria Linnaeus, 1758 (Amphibia: Ranidae) in the vicinity of the Visim State Nature Biosphere Reserve
Authors: Burakova A. V. , Malkova E. A.
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the research is to study the parasite fauna of the common frog (Rana temporaria Linnaeus, 1758) inhabiting the vicinity of the Visim Nature Biosphere Reserve.

Materials and methods. The species composition, dominance structure and endoparasite infection of 32 individuals of R. temporaria caught along the banks of the upper reaches of the Sulem Riverwere assessed according to the following indicators: the prevalence and intensity of infection and abundance index.

Results and discussion. The species composition of parasites in a common frog from the vicinity of the Visim Nature Biosphere Reserve is presented for the first time. Five species of macroparasites have been identified, classified as Nematoda: Oswaldocruzia filiformis (Goeze, 1782), Neoraillietnema praeputiale (Skrjabin, 1916), Cosmocerca ornata (Dujardin, 1845), Rhabdias bufonis (Schrank, 1788) and as Platyhelminthes: Haplometra cylindracea (Zeder, 1800). One species of endosymbiotic protozoa of Chromista, Opalina ranarum was recorded (Purkinje et Valentin, 1835). The prevalence of the infection of common frogs by helminths reaches 100%, the abundance index is 11.06, and protozoa is 93.8% and 62.16, respectively. Nematodes O. filiformis (the prevalence of infection 96.9%, and abundance index 7.97) and R. bufonis (the prevalence of infection 46.9%, abundance index 2.28) predominate. It was shown that nematode N. praeputiale was not found in the parasitocenosis of immature amphibians, and trematode H. cylindracea was not found in adult animals. The proportion of O. filiformis and C. ornata increases with age in common frogs. It was found that the animals of the July population are infected with nematode R. bufonis largely. Regardless of the age of R. temporaria, the probability of colonization by O. ranarum in spring will be higher.
Compression and consolidation behaviors of lime-treated dredging slurry under vacuum pressure
Authors: Geng Xueyu
Published: March 2021

Dredging slurry is treated by a combination of lime treatment and vacuum preloading. However, the mechanical characteristics and consolidation mechanics of lime-treated slurry under vacuum loading is not fully understood, making it difficult to predict slurry settlement. In this study, we develop a laboratory model of lime-treated slurry and subject it to vacuum preloading to investigate the compression and consolidation behaviors. The results demonstrate the reduction of the risk of clogging around the prefabricated vertical drains, the increase in soil permeability, and the improvement of vacuum preloading upon lime treatment. log (1 + e)-log p curves for soils with different percentages of lime content are obtained through a series of modified oedometer tests. Based on these curves, an analytical solution for lime-treated slurry settlement under vacuum preloading was derived and validated through laboratory tests. The solution can be used to predict lime-treated slurry settlement under vacuum pressure effectively.
25 kosa kata yang berkaitan dengan hukum
Authors: Lindah Siti Nur
Published: March 2021

yang akan datang.Secara total,pendidikan merupakan suatu sistem yang memiliki kegiatan cukup kompleks,meliputi berbagai komponen yang berkaitan satu sama lain.Berbagai elemen (komponen) yang terlibat dalam pendidikan perlu dikenali agar pendidikan dapat terlaksana secara teratur.pendidikan dapat dilihat dari hubungan elemen peserta didik (siswa(,pendidik (guru),dan interaksi keduanya dalam usaha pendidikan.
The COVID States Project #43: COVID-19 vaccine rates and attitudes among Americans
Authors: Lazer David , Ognyanova Katherine , Baum Matthew , Druckman James , Green Jon , Gitomer Adina , Simonson Matthew , Perlis Roy H. , Santillana Mauricio , Quintana Alexi , Lin Jennifer , Uslu Ata
Published: March 2021

Who has been most likely to be vaccinated? And who is most likely to be vaccine resistant? Among the early, eligible individuals, who has received the vaccine, and who has refused to be vaccinated? In this report we address these questions by examining the relationship between various sociodemographic categories and vaccination rates, vaccination resistance, vaccination hesitancy, vaccine accessibility, and vaccine refusal. We examine both the current state of these relationships, as well as changes in vaccine resistance over time. We find strong relationships between these vaccine outcomes at the individual level and age, education, income, race, partisanship, gender, and urbanicity. All of these relationships are statistically significant in a multivariable analysis; but education stands out as a particularly powerful predictor. The divergent vaccination rate likely partially reflects the complex distribution process for the vaccine that has hurt those with the least resources and knowledge to navigate that complexity. Further, the emphasis in many states on mass vaccination sites reduces the contact of vaccine skeptics with the person best able to discuss the benefits and risks of vaccination: their primary care physicians.
The amyloid beta precursor protein is differentially expressed in lymph node metastasis in human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: March 2021

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). Between the breast and the brain reside the secondary lymphoid organ, the lymph nodes. We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with metastasis to the lymph nodes in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that amyloid beta precursor protein, APP, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the lymph node metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. APP mRNA was present at decreased quantities in lymph node metastases as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of APP in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with patient recurrence-free survival, in lymph node negative patients but not in lymph node positive patients. Modulation of APP expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the lymph nodes and the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
Non-orthogonal elastoplastic constitutive model for sand with dilatancy
Authors: Liang Jingyu , Lu Dechun , Du Xiuli , Wu Wei , Ma Chao
Published: March 2021

A non-orthogonal elastoplastic constitutive model for sand with dilatancy is presented in the characteristic stress space. Dilatancy of sand is represented by the direction of plastic ﬂow, which can be directly determined by applying the non-orthogonal plastic ﬂow rule to an improved elliptic yield function. A new hardening parameter is developed to describe the contractive and dilative volume change during the shear process, which is co-ordinated with the non-orthogonal plastic ﬂow direction. The combination of the non-orthogonal plastic ﬂow rule and the proposed hardening parameter renders the proposed model with the ability to reasonably describe the stress-strain relationship of sand with dilatancy. The model performance is evaluated by comparing with the experimental data of sand under triaxial stress conditions.
Face mask type affects audiovisual speech intelligibility and subjective listening effort in young and older adults
Authors: Brown Violet Aurora , Van Engen Kristin J. , Peelle Jonathan E.
Published: March 2021

Identifying speech requires that listeners make rapid use of fine-grained acoustic cues—a process that is facilitated by being able to see the talker’s face. Face masks present a challenge to this process because they can both alter acoustic information and conceal the talker’s mouth. Here, we investigated the degree to which different types of face masks and noise levels affect speech intelligibility and the subjective effort involved for young (N=180) and older (N=180) adult listeners. We found that in quiet, mask type had little influence on speech intelligibility relative to speech produced without a mask for both young and older adult listeners. However, with the addition of moderate (-5 dB SNR) and high (-9 dB SNR) levels of background noise, intelligibility dropped substantially for all types of face masks in both age groups. Across noise levels, transparent face masks and cloth face masks with filters impaired performance the most, and surgical face masks had the smallest influence on intelligibility. Importantly, participants also rated the speech as more effortful in the masked conditions compared to unmasked speech, particularly in background noise. Although young and older adults were similarly affected by face masks and noise in terms of intelligibility and subjective listening effort, older adults showed poorer intelligibility overall and rated the speech as more effortful to process relative to young adults. This research will help individuals make more informed decisions about which types of masks to wear in various communicative settings.
Anatomy of a Psychological Theory: Integrating Construct Validation and Computational Modeling Methods to Advance Theorizing
Authors: Grahek Ivan , Schaller Mark , Tackett Jennifer L
Published: March 2021

Discussions about replicability of psychological studies have primarily focused on improving research methods and practices, with less attention paid to the role of well-specified theories in facilitating the production of reliable empirical results. The field is currently in need of clearly articulated steps to theory specification and development, particularly regarding frameworks that may generalize across different fields of psychology. Here we focus on two approaches to theory specification and development which are typically associated with distinct research traditions: computational modeling and construct validation. We outline the points of convergence and divergence between them to illuminate the anatomy of a scientific theory in psychology - what a well specified theory should contain and how it should be interrogated and revised through iterative theory development processes. We propose how these two approaches can be used in complementary ways to increase the quality of explanations and the precision of predictions offered by psychological theories.
When does empathy feel good?
Authors: Ferguson Amanda M , Cameron Daryl , Inzlicht Michael
Published: March 2021

Empathy has many benefits. When we are willing to empathize, we are more likely to act prosocially (and receive help from others in the future), to have satisfying relationships, and to be viewed as moral actors. Moreover, empathizing in certain contexts can actually feel good, regardless of the content of the emotion itself—for example, we might feel a sense of connection after empathizing with and supporting a grieving friend. Does this feeling come from empathy itself, or from its real and implied consequences? We suggest that the rewards that flow from empathy confound our experience of it, and that the pleasant feelings associated with engaging empathy are extrinsically tied to the results of some action, not to the experience of empathy itself. When we observe people’s decisions related to empathy in the absence of these acquired rewards, as we can in experimental settings, empathy appears decidedly less pleasant. Empathy has many benefits. When we are willing to empathize, we are more likely to act prosocially (and receive help from others in the future), to have satisfying relationships, and to be viewed as moral actors. Moreover, empathizing in certain contexts can actually feel good, regardless of the content of the emotion itself—for example, we might feel a sense of connection after empathizing with and supporting a grieving friend. Does this feeling come from empathy itself, or from its real and implied consequences? We suggest that the rewards that flow from empathy confound our experience of it, and that the pleasant feelings associated with engaging empathy are extrinsically tied to the results of some action, not to the experience of empathy itself. When we observe people’s decisions related to empathy in the absence of these acquired rewards, as we can in experimental settings, empathy appears decidedly less pleasant.
किसान जातिका परम्परागत संस्था, नेतृत्व प्रणाली, प्रथाजनित कानुन एवम् लोकविश्वास Kisan Jatika Paramparagat Sanstha, Netritwa Pranali, Prathajanit Kanun ebam Lokbiswas
Authors: दुलाल लोकनाथ
Published: March 2021

किसान नेपालमा बसोबास गर्ने अल्पसंख्यक लोपोन्मुख समुदायअन्तर्गत पर्ने आदिवासी जनजाति हो । यो समुदायको बसोबास विशेषत प्रदेश नं १ को झापा जिल्लाका विभिन्न गाउँवस्तीहरूमा पाइन्छ । नेपाल बाहिर भारतका विभिन्न स्थानमा यिनीहरू बसोबास गर्दछन् । यिनीहरूका मौलिक सामाजिक, सांस्कृतिक, धार्मिक विशेषता यो आदिवासी जनजातिलाई चिनाउने प्रमुख आधार हुन् । यो समुदायमा प्रचलनमा रहेको परम्परागत नेतृत्व प्रणाली, प्रथाजनित कानुन र लोकविश्वास पनि आफ्नै प्रकारको छ । राजा (गाउँबुढा वा वैगा), मन्त्री (वकिल) र सिपाही यो समुदायका प्रमुख नायक हुन् । यिनीहरूको खटन पटन, निगरानी र निर्देशनमा समाज चल्दछ । समाजलाई अनुशासित, मर्यादित, प्रभावकारी, व्यवस्थित र नियमन गर्ने यो समुदायमा केही नीति, नियम आचार संहिता छन् । ती यस जातिका प्रथाजनित कानुन हुन् । धर्म एवम् धार्मिक आस्था, सामाजिक प्रचलन र सांस्कृतिक परम्परासँग जोडिएका यिनीहरूका विभिन्न मूल्यमान्यता पनि छन् । ती यो जातिका लोकविश्वास हुन् । समग्रमा किसान जातिको सामाज एवम् समुदायको नियन्त्रण र निर्देशन राजा, मन्त्री र सिपाहीले परम्परादेखि स्थापित प्रथाजनित कानुनका साथै लोकविश्वासलाई आधार बनाएर गर्दछन् । यी सामुदायीक नायकहरू आफै पनि कठोर अनुशासन र मर्यादामा बस्दछन् । जातीय कानुन, लोकविश्वासका साथै व्यवहारिक आचार संहिता पालन गर्नु आफ्नो धर्म, दायित्व र कर्तव्य ठान्दछन् । तर यो समुदायका अपनत्व तथा मौलिक पहिचानका आधार मानिने त्यस्ता पक्षहरूका विषयमा उतिधेरै अध्ययन अनुसन्धान हुन सकेको छैन । यसर्थ परम्परागत नेतृत्व प्रणाली, प्रथाजनित कानुन र लोकविश्वासजस्ता पक्षलाई विश्लेषणको विषय बनाई शोधखोजगरी तयार पारिएका स्रोत सामग्रीहरू पर्याप्तरूपमा नपाइएका हुन् । निसन्देहः आंशिकरूपमा भए तापनि उक्त खाँचो परिपूर्ति गर्ने उद्देश्यले यो अनुसन्धान गरिएको हो ।
Pengaruh Tata Kelola Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Dengan Pengungkapan Tanggung Jawab Sosial Sebagai Variabel Mediasi
Authors: Faley Hisner Glori , Muslichah Muslichah
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh tata kelola terhadap nilai perusahaan melalui pengungkapan tanggung jawab sosial. Populasi penelitian ini adalah perusahaan yang berpartisipasi dalam Indonesia Sustainability Reporting Award (ISRA) secara berturut-turut selama periode tahun 2012-2016 yang berjumlah 18 perusahaan. Penentuan Sampel penelitian ini diambil dengan teknik pusposive sampling. Total sampel yang digunakan berjumlah 9 perusahaan, periode pengamatan 5 tahun, sehingga  diperoleh total jumlah sampel yang diamati sebanya 45. Untuk pengujian hipotesis, penelitian ini menggunakan model analisis regresi berganda dengan analisis jalur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komisaris independen dan komite audit berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan. Selanjutnya temuan penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa pengungkapan tanggungjawab sosial  tidak memediasi pengaruh komisaris independen dan komite audit terhadap nilai perusahaan.
Perbandingan Metode Eksponential Smoothing dan Arima: Studi Pada Perusahaan Barang Konsumsi di Indonesia
Authors: Malik Aan Digita , Juliana Ahmad , Widyasella Wike
Published: March 2021

Peramalan adalah seni dan ilmu untuk memprediksi kejadian yang terjadi di masa mendatang, sehingga hasil dari peramalan dapat digunakan oleh pemangku kebijakan dalam mengambil kebijakan strategis yaitu menentukan model peramalan (forecasting) yang paling sesuai untuk meramal data harga saham perusahaan barang konsumsi yang terpilih apabila tidak dilakukan akan menyebabkan para investor tidak mengetahui perkembangan yang ada pada pasar saham, apakah harga saham akan naik atau turun. Sebaiknya, para investor menggunakan metode yang sesuai dengan data harga saham. Oleh sebab  itu dalam penelitian ini akan dilakukan studi untuk meramalkan harga saham menggunakan metode analisis runtut waktu. Keterbaharuan dalam studi ini adalah mengkomparasikan dua model peramalan yaitu pemulusan eksponensial (exponential smoothing) dan ARIMA (Autoreggresive Moving Average) dalam meramalkan perusahaan barang konsumsi di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PT Indofood CBP Sukses Makmur Tbk (ICBP) lebih tepat menggunakan metode double exponential smoothing karena tingkat error yang dihasilkan lebih kecil dan PT Indofood Sukses Makmur Tbk (INDF) lebih tepat menggunakan metode ARIMA (3.1.0) karena tingkat error yang dihasilkan lebih kecil.Kata kunci: ARIMA, pemulusan eksponensial, peramalan
Perancangan Mesin 3D Printing Model Cartesian
Authors: Nugraha Hari Din , Kosasih Deny Poniman
Published: March 2021

3D Printing merupakan salah satu terobosan bidang manufaktur khususnya teknik additive manufacturing, yang proses menjadikan dalam file digital menjadi suatu objek padat 3 dimensi berdasarkan susunan lapisan (layer) bahan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah merancang mesin 3D Printing dengan model siste cartesian dan pengujian sistem menggunakan aplikasi repitier host. Penlitian menggunakan jenis penelitian Design-Based-Research (DBR).  Hasil penelitian di jabarkan sebagai berikut; (1) proses perancangan desain mesin 3D printing didapatkan hasil area kerja panjang 30 cm lebar 30 cm dan tinggi 30 cm, sehingga dari rencana area kerja tersebut bisa ditentukan komponen mekanis, komponen rangka utama dan komponen pelengkap lainya. (2) Software repitier host dapat digunakan sebagai simulasi model cartesian. Repitier dapat digunakan cocok digunakan menggunakan bahan dari Polilactid Acid (PLA) dan hasil warna yang lebih sempurna dan beragam. (3) Pada hasil pengujian terdapat stringing pada hasil simulasi produk, hal ini disebabkan karena pengaturan retraksi dan suhu temperatur yang tinggi
Hybrid Instruction: A Study into Usage of Lecture and Student-Centered Learning During Class Time
Authors: Parker Jeremy , Sutton David , Loase John
Published: March 2021

With declining confidence in higher education, it is timely to consider the optimization of students’ class time experience. This study argues that class time should be devoted to development of student innovative skill.  The authors’ direct experience is blended with theory and findings from existing research to propose an innovative approach that, rather than being mutually exclusive, indicates the complementarity of lecture and student-centered pedagogies.  In this hybrid format lectures provide the delivery of old and new knowledge, while the student-centered approach provides application of that information through class discussion and short, in-class assignments.  The environment motivating this research is mainland China, with English Language Learner (ELL) Chinese students, with the study’s aim being their cognitive, intellectual and second language development. The objective of this hybrid approach is the development of enhanced ‘value add’ to students’ education, with a companion aim in the maintenance of tertiary institution and teaching relevance.
Contemporary management of pediatric open skull fractures: a multicenter pediatric trauma center study
Authors: McFall Cory , Beier Alexandra D. , Hayward Kelsey , Alberto Emily C. , Burd Randall S. , Farr Bethany J. , Mooney David P. , Gee Kristin , Upperman Jeffrey S. , Escobar Mauricio A. , Coufal Nicole G. , Harvey Helen A. , Gollin Gerald
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVE

The authors sought to evaluate the contemporary management of pediatric open skull fractures and assess the impact of variations in antibiotic and operative management on the incidence of infectious complications.

METHODS

The records of children who presented from 2009 to 2017 to 6 pediatric trauma centers with an open calvarial skull fracture were reviewed. Data collected included mechanism and anatomical site of injury; presence and depth of fracture depression; antibiotic choice, route, and duration; operative management; and infectious complications.

RESULTS

Of the fractures among the 138 patients included in the study, 48.6% were frontal and 80.4% were depressed; 58.7% of patients underwent fragment elevation. The average duration of intravenous antibiotics was 4.6 (range 0–21) days. Only 53 patients (38.4%) received a single intravenous antibiotic for fewer than 4 days. and 56 (40.6%) received oral antibiotics for an average of 7.3 (range 1–20) days. Wounds were managed exclusively in the emergency department in 28.3% of patients. Two children had infectious complications, including a late-presenting hardware infection and a superficial wound infection. There were no cases of meningitis or intracranial abscess. Neither antibiotic spectrum or duration nor bedside irrigation was associated with the development of infection.

CONCLUSIONS

The incidence of infectious complications in this population of children with open skull fractures was low and was not associated with the antibiotic strategy or site of wound care. Most minimally contaminated open skull fractures are probably best managed with a short duration of a single antibiotic, and emergency department closure is appropriate unless there is significant contamination or fragment elevation is necessary.
Detrimental effects of intrahospital transport on cerebral metabolism in patients suffering severe aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Hosmann Arthur , Angelmayr Carmen , Hopf Andreas , Rauscher Steffen , Brugger Jonas , Ritscher Lavinia , Bohl Isabelle , Schnackenburg Philipp , Engel Adrian , Plöchl Walter , Zeitlinger Markus , Reinprecht Andrea , Rössler Karl , Gruber Andreas
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVE

Intrahospital transport for CT scans is routinely performed for neurosurgical patients. Particularly in the sedated and mechanically ventilated patient, intracranial hypertension and blood pressure fluctuations that might impair cerebral perfusion are frequently observed during these interventions. This study quantifies the impact of intrahospital patient transport on multimodality monitoring measurements, with a particular focus on cerebral metabolism.

METHODS

Forty intrahospital transports in 20 consecutive patients suffering severe aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) under continuous intracranial pressure (ICP), brain tissue oxygen tension (pbtO2), and cerebral microdialysis monitoring were prospectively included. Changes in multimodality neuromonitoring data during intrahospital transport to the CT scanner and the subsequent 10 hours were evaluated using linear mixed models. Furthermore, the impact of risk factors at transportation, such as cerebral vasospasm, cerebral hypoxia (pbtO2 < 15 mm Hg), metabolic crisis (lactate-pyruvate ratio [LPR] > 40), and transport duration on cerebral metabolism, was analyzed.

RESULTS

During the transport, the mean ICP significantly increased from 7.1 ± 3.9 mm Hg to 13.5 ± 6.0 mm Hg (p < 0.001). The ICP exceeded 20 mm Hg in 92.5% of patients; pbtO2 showed a parallel rise from 23.1 ± 13.3 mm Hg to 28.5 ± 23.6 mm Hg (p = 0.02) due to an increase in the fraction of inspired oxygen during the transport. Both ICP and pbtO2 returned to baseline values thereafter. Cerebral glycerol significantly increased from 71.0 ± 54.9 µmol/L to 75.3 ± 56.0 µmol/L during the transport (p = 0.01) and remained elevated for the following 9 hours. In contrast, cerebral pyruvate and lactate levels were stable during the transport but showed a significant secondary increase 1–8 hours and 2–9 hours, respectively, thereafter (p < 0.05). However, the LPR remained stable over the entire observation period. Patients with extended transport duration (more than 25 minutes) were found to have significantly higher levels of cerebral pyruvate and lactate as well as lower glutamate concentrations in the posttransport period.

CONCLUSIONS

Intrahospital transport and horizontal positioning during CT scans induce immediate intracranial hypertension and an increase in cerebral glycerol, suggesting neuronal injury. Afterward, sustained impairment of neuronal metabolism for several hours could be observed, which might increase the risk of secondary ischemic events. Therefore, intrahospital transport for neuroradiological imaging should be strongly reconsidered and only indicated if the expected benefit of imaging results outweighs the risks of transportation.
Predicting neuroimaging eligibility for extended-window endovascular thrombectomy
Authors: de Havenon Adam , Mickolio Kole , O’Donnell Steven , Stoddard Greg , McNally J. Scott , Alexander Matthew , Taussky Philipp , Awad Al-Wala
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVE

Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) are effective ischemic stroke treatments in the initial treatment window. In the extended treatment window, these treatments may offer benefit, but CT and MR perfusion may be necessary to determine patient eligibility. Many hospitals do not have access to advanced imaging tools or EVT capability, and further patient care would require transfer to a facility with these capabilities. To assist transfer decisions, the authors developed risk indices that could identify patients eligible for extended-window EVT or tPA.

METHODS

The authors retrospectively identified stroke patients who had concurrent CTA and perfusion and evaluated three potential outcomes that would suggest a benefit from patient transfer. The first outcome was large-vessel occlusion (LVO) and target mismatch (TM) in patients 5–23 hours from last known normal (LKN). The second outcome was TM in patients 5–15 hours from LKN with known LVO. The third outcome was TM in patients 4.5–12 hours from LKN. The authors created multivariable models using backward stepping with an α-error criterion of 0.05 and assessed them using C statistics.

RESULTS

The final predictors included the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS), and age. The prediction of the first outcome had a C statistic of 0.71 (n = 145), the second outcome had a C statistic of 0.85 (n = 56), and the third outcome had a C statistic of 0.86 (n = 54). With 1 point given for each predictor at different cutoffs, a score of 3 points had probabilities of true positive of 80%, 90%, and 94% for the first, second, and third outcomes, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite the limited sample size, compared with perfusion-based examinations, the clinical variables identified in this study accurately predicted which stroke patients would have salvageable penumbra (C statistic 71%–86%) in a range of clinical scenarios and treatment cutoffs. This prediction improved (C statistic 85%–86%) when utilized in patients with confirmed LVO or a less stringent tissue mismatch (TM < 1.2) cutoff. Larger patient registries should be used to validate and improve the predictive ability of these models.
Predictors of neurologic outcome after surgery for cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament differ based on myelopathy severity: a multicenter study
Authors: Shin Jun Jae , Jeon Hyeongseok , Lee Jong Joo , Kim Hyung Cheol , Kim Tae Woo , An Sung Bae , Shin Dong Ah , Yi Seong , Kim Keung-Nyun , Yoon Do-Heum , Nagoshi Narihito , Watanabe Kota , Nakamura Masaya , Matsumoto Morio , Li Nan , Ma Sai , He Da , Tian Wei , Kwan Kenny Yat Hong , Cheung Kenneth Man Chee , Riew K. Daniel , Hoh Daniel J. , Ha Yoon , _ _
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this retrospective multicenter study was to compare prognostic factors for neurological recovery in patients undergoing surgery for cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) based on their presenting mild, moderate, or severe myelopathy.

METHODS

The study included 372 consecutive patients with OPLL who underwent surgery for cervical myelopathy between 2006 and 2016 in East Asian countries with a high OPLL prevalence. Baseline and postoperative clinical outcomes were assessed using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) myelopathy score and recovery ratio. Radiographic assessment included occupying ratio, cervical range of motion, and sagittal alignment parameters. Patient myelopathy was classified as mild, moderate, or severe based on the preoperative JOA score. Linear and multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify patient and surgical factors associated with neurological recovery stratified by baseline myelopathy severity.

RESULTS

The mean follow-up period was 45.4 months (range 25–140 months). The mean preoperative and postoperative JOA scores and recovery ratios for the total cohort were 11.7 ± 3.0, 14.5 ± 2.7, and 55.2% ± 39.3%, respectively. In patients with mild myelopathy, only age and diabetes correlated with recovery. In patients with moderate to severe myelopathy, older age and preoperative increased signal intensity on T2-weighted imaging were significantly correlated with a lower likelihood of recovery, while female sex and anterior decompression with fusion (ADF) were associated with better recovery.

CONCLUSIONS

Various patient and surgical factors are correlated with likelihood of neurological recovery after surgical treatment for cervical OPLL, depending on the severity of presenting myelopathy. Older age, male sex, intramedullary high signal intensity, and posterior decompression are associated with less myelopathy improvement in patients with worse baseline function. Therefore, myelopathy-specific preoperative counseling regarding prognosis for postoperative long-term neurological improvement should include consideration of these individual and surgical factors.