bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Potential of Aloe vera as an Active Ingredient in Toothpaste Formulations: A Narrative Review
Authors: Nasiri Pegah , Malekzadeh Shafaroudi Ali , Moosazadeh Mahmood , Poorkazemi Delaram , Mehrani Sabet Javad
Published: September 2021

Context: Tooth brushing is a primary method to prevent the onset of oral diseases. Aloe vera is commonly used in dentistry as an herbal alternative due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial actions; recently, it has been used in toothpaste formulations as an active agent. This review aimed to investigate the clinical effects of A. vera as an active ingredient in toothpaste formulations. Evidence Acquisition:: The data used in this review was extracted from articles published until 2020. We searched official databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and Science Direct, using the “Aloe vera”, “dentifrice”, and “toothpaste” keywords. After screening titles and abstracts, relevant studies were used for full-text review. Results: Although conflicting results have been reported on the usage of A. vera toothpaste in different studies, the majority of findings suggest that A. vera effectively reduces periodontal indices and removes different organisms, including Streptococcus mutans. However, the overall effects of this herbal toothpaste were found to be equal to those of other commercial toothpaste. Conclusions: Aloe vera toothpaste is as beneficial as other kinds of toothpaste. Therefore, it can be used as an adjunct agent in toothpaste due to its established effects on improving periodontal problems and reducing different oral cavity micro-organisms.
Serotype Distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae Carriage in Six-Month-Old Infants: A Cross-sectional Study During 2017-18, Tehran, Iran
Authors: Sayyahfar Shirin , Esteghamati Abdoulreza , Fahimzad Seyed Alireza , Hajisadeghi-Isfahani Safura , Nazari-Alam Ali , Azimi Leila
Published: September 2021

Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae is recognized as one of the main pathogens inducing several invasive and non-invasive infections in children. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the serotype distribution of S. pneumoniae in six–month–old carriers. Methods: This study encompassed 600 six-month-old healthy infants whose pharyngeal swap samples were collected and then cultured to isolate S. pneumoniae. Twenty- five different serotypes were defined on positive culture samples by multiplex PCR. Results: In this study, 13 cases (2.2%) were positive S. pneumonia. The most common isolated serotypes of S. pneumoniae were serotypes 23F (n = 6, 1%) and 3 (n = 3, 0.5%), respectively. Notably, the most frequent serotype in formula-fed infants (n = 300) was Serotype 23F (n = 5, 1.7%); however, Serotype 3 (n = 3, 1%) was the most frequent one in breastfed participants (n = 300). According to the findings, the overall coverage of PCV10, PCV13, and PPSV23 on the S. pneumoniae serotypes at the age of six months was 50%, 73%, and 85%, respectively. Conclusions: At this age, the type of feeding could not significantly affect the frequency rate of S. pneumoniae colonization, while the serotype distributions in the two breastfed and formula-fed groups were different.
Kingian Personalism, Moral Emotions, and Emersonian Perfectionism
Authors: Hackett J. Edward ,   Eastern Illinois University
Published: September 2021

In “Moral Perfectionism,” an essay in To Shape a New World, Paul C. Taylor explicitly mentions and openly avoids King’s personalism while advancing a type of Emersonian moral perfectionism motivated by a less than adequate reconstruction of King’s project. In this essay, I argue this is a mistake on two fronts. First, Taylor’s moral perfectionism gives pride of place to shame and self-loathing where the work of King makes central use of love. Second, by evading the personalist King, Taylor misses the importance of love as foundational to King’s theory of community, the Beloved Community. In effect, Taylor engages in hermeneutic violence regarding King’s work and self-description as a personalist. I offer an account of King’s love informed by personalism that better situates love and shows why it is central to King’s philosophy. In conclusion I argue the following: Love is a type of orientation, attitude, and standpoint one can take in relation to another person. Philia and eros forms of love are contingent and conditional. Agapic love opens up persons to see the eternal dignity we all possess and is restorative and generative of community. The Holy Spirit that animates King’s conception of history is made manifest or hindered by the choice to act on the agapic principle of love that animates the cosmos. In the end, I suggest that Taylor’s perfectionist insights might be applied to a supplemental development of Kingian moral philosophy in the direction of a fuller virtue ethics.
Doubts, Philosophy, and Therapy
Authors: Coliva Annalisa ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

There is nowadays a tendency, to be dated back to Gordon Baker’s reading, to interpret the later Wittgenstein as proposing a thoroughly therapeutic view of philosophy. Accordingly, he was not dealing with philosophical problems to show how they originated in a misunderstanding of our language. For that would have presupposed his advancing theses about how language works. Rather, his therapeutic method was in the service of liberating philosophers from the kind of intellectual prejudices that would prompt them to ask philosophical questions. The article examines the complex interconnections between Wittgenstein and Waismann to show how the thorough-going therapeutic reading of Wittgenstein proposed by Baker is in fact a projection of Waismann’s ideas onto Wittgenstein. Moreover, by looking at Wittgenstein’s complex anti-skeptical strategies in On Certainty, it shows that his aim was not to provide therapy against philosophers’ inclinations, but to show that skeptical doubts are misguided and nonsensical.
Arte e Natureza no Século XVIII em Portugal
Authors: Calafate Pedro ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

We study the relation between the classical ideas of art and nature, in the plan of the idea of beauty, with special reference to the eigtheenth century Portuguese rhetoric. We show the primacy of nature over art, expressed by the privilege of the conceptual language, which requires the identification between nature and reason, considering rhetoric in the incidental plan.
Pensar e Reflectir. Sobre o Modelo Reflexivo do Pensar em Heidegger
Authors: Ferrer Diogo ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

If it is possible, according to Heidegger, to find ontology as the core of transcendental-reflective philosophy, this paper argues, paying special attention to the course of lectures "Was heißt Denken?", that the reflective model is also present in Heidegger's "memorial thought." Comparing then some main features of memorial thought and idealistic reflection, it tries to determinate briefly the meaning of reflection as laid down by philosophers as Kant and Fichte, and to find its role in Heidegger's thought. Main conclusion is that a thought which undertakes to understand itself and its dialogue with others cannot dispense with a reflective moment.
Mens Sana in Corpore Sano? Reflexões sobre o Enigma do Corpo
Authors: Simão Cristiana V. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

Au tour de plusieurs récits qui décrivent des situations, les unes véridiques, d'autres fictionnelles, on s'interroge sur le statut et la signification du corps humain dans la vie et dans la culture contemporaine - d'un corps qui semble être devenu un simple objet d'usage, de manipulation, de commerce et d'expérimentation scientifique, et même un support matériel dont l'expérimentation artistique fait souvent une oeuvre d'art. On montre d'abord l'immense danger de cette méconnaissance, pour aboutir à la reconnaissance de la valeur éthique, esthétique et anthropologique du corps, c'est-à-dire à la reconnaissance de notre humanité.
Platão, o Amor e a Retórica
Authors: Santos José Trindade ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

I argue in favour of the unity of the Phaedrus following two parallel lines. First by establishing a meaningful relation between Phaedrus' and Socrates' two discourses I Interpret them as steps in the search for that inner beauty which the philosopher asks the god Pan to grant him at the closing of the dialogue. Then the fact that both philosophical and "public" rhetoric join together under psychagogia is shown to stress this link, revealing their common relation to love and desire for beauty. Thus despite being opposed in ends and means they are seen as stemming from the very same source and not as irreconciliable enemies.
A Penumbra Tocada de Alegría
Authors: Henriques Fernanda ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

Ce texte cherch e à comprendre les rapports entre la philosophie et la poésie dans la pensée de Maria Zambrano. De ce fait, il exploitera le concept de raison poétique comme une façon d'essayer une expression de la réalité qui soit à la fois écoute et parole, ou bien ouverture et réponse. Pour María Zambrano la poésie sait comment y réussir et, à son avis, la philosophie le pourra aussi réaliser, si elle renonce à un discours autarcique et tout à fait éthique. Ainsi elle l'a essayé en choisissant la penumbra tocada de alegría.
Effects of material uncertainties on vibration performance of cross laminated timber floors
Authors: Milojević Marija , Damnjanović Emilija , Nefovska-Danilović Marija , Marjanović Miroslav
Published: September 2021

Variety of wood species and complexity of their structure make the reliable material properties of cross-laminated timber (CLT) difficult to obtain, which can lead to inaccurate prediction of CLT behavior. Due to high stiffness-to-weight ratio, CLT floors can suffer from vibration serviceability issues. This paper aims to quantify the uncertainties induced by material properties and investigate their effect on vibration performance of CLT floors. Analysis based on Monte Carlo simulations, considering material properties as random variables, is developed. Based on the conducted analysis, appropriate conclusions have been derived.
Vibration serviceability limit state of pedestrian bridges
Authors: Ramoul Adam , Spremić Milan
Published: September 2021

Modern conustructions of pedestrian bridges must satisfy functional and increasingly complex architectural requirements. In order to achieve the attractive design of pedestrian bridges, modern constructions generally differ from older, conventional solutions. The vibration problem of such structures shows that the dynamic response of the structure is governing for the design. This paper presents the comparative analysis of several dynamic models of pedestrian loads, described in various standards, guidelines, and recommendations. On the example of an arched pedestrian bridge, comparative analysis of the structure behavior due to the effect of pedestrian load was performed using numerical simulations in the SOFISTIK software, with the results obtained by analytical calculation procedures.
Static and dynamic approach to the analysis of wind gusts in case of a tower H=110 m
Authors: Vacev Todor , Brčić Stanko , Zorić Andrija , Milić Miloš , Nešović Ivan , Ranković Slobodan
Published: September 2021

Steel lattice towers have large application in meteorology, and are regularly exposed to loads difficult to determine reliably, like wind and ice, and especially wind gusts and accompanied structural vibrations. EN 1993-3-1 treats such structures and requires checking of vibrations, but does not supply methodology for it, neither allowed values for deformation and vibrations. The paper presents analysis of a tower 110 m high using the Finite Element Method (FEM), in case of wind gust, for iced and non-iced structure, both statically and dynamically. The results were compared and recommendations for future treatment of such sensitive structures were given.
Performance of RC frames in 26.11.2019. Albania earthquake: Effects of irregularities and detailing
Authors: Milićević Ivan , Marinković Marko , Blagojević Nikola , Nikolić-Brzev Svetlana
Published: September 2021

The collapse and damage of large number of buildings during the November 26, 2019 (Mw 6,4) Albania earthquake caused 51 fatalities and injuries to at least 910 people. Most of collapsed or heavily damaged buildings were RC frame buildings. Although RC frame system is considered as very ductile seismic force-resisting system, its behaviour during earthquake highly depends on: (1) regularity in plan and elevation, and (2) global and local ductility. Based on the authors' visit to the earthquake-affected area on behalf of the Serbian Association of Earthquake Engineering and observations of collapsed and damaged buildings, it was concluded that among main reasons for underperformance of these flexible systems were inadequate analysis of interaction between infill walls and RC frames and reinforcement detailing of RC members.
Repair of RC structure of road-pedestrian bridge over Lepenica river in Kragujevac
Authors: Radonjanin Vlastimir , Malešev Mirjana , Lukić Ivan , Šupić Slobodan
Published: September 2021

The paper gives an overview of the repair solution of the RC structure of the bridge over the Lepenica River in Kragujevac with a detailed description of the adopted solution for the repair/strengthening of the main RC girders. All necessary parameters (degree of environment aggressiveness, classes of exposure, the thickness of the concrete cover, principles and methods of repair, etc.) for the proper selection of products (materials) and the techniques of repair, were defined according to the Regulations on technical standards for concrete structures exposed to aggressive environments, EN 206, EC 1992-1-1 and standard EN 1504.
Acercamiento metodológico al estudio del poder local: los ayuntamientos de Chiapas (México), siglo XIX
Authors: Palomo Infante María Dolores
Published: September 2021

El artículo presenta una propuesta metodológica para el análisis del poder local en América Latina en el siglo XIX, particularmente en Chiapas, México. El estudio se centra en los ayuntamientos de pueblos indígenas ladinizados, aquellos en los que la mayor parte de su población era indígena, pero tenían un número importante de vecinos ladinos. Este factor, junto con la trayectoria histórica y el contexto del momento, caracterizó el desarrollo del gobierno local en la región. El artículo señala algunas preguntas, temas pendientes y perspectivas de análisis de esta institución, teniendo en cuenta, además, que la información documental disponible es escasa. Se analizarán algunos aspectos que caracterizaron los procesos históricos de Chiapas relacionados con esta institución: carácter étnico de la población, consecuencias de la aplicación de los postulados de la constitución de Cádiz --igualdad jurídica, ciudadanía— formas de representación, carácter de los ayuntamientos.
poder regional a examen: irregularidades y singularidades en los juicios de residencia de Tabasco (1666-1707)
Authors: Moreno Amador Carlos
Published: September 2021

El principal interés de este trabajo se centra en analizar algunas de las irregularidades y peculiaridades más importantes que los juicios de residencia indianos mantuvieron a lo largo de todo el periodo colonial, como fueron las composiciones, las recusaciones, el acompañamiento de testigos, la actuación desempeñada por el escribano de residencia y la carestía de papel sellado que debía utilizarse en dichos procesos, toda vez que llegaron a condicionar el desarrollo y el resultado de los mismos en no pocas ocasiones. Para tal fin, centraremos el foco de atención en la región de Tabasco, considerando la posibilidad de disponer de una serie de juicios de residencia continuados en el tiempo, que abarcan el periodo 1666-1707.
Laporan baru tungau Tarsonemus bilobatus Suski dan karakter utama tungau lain pada daun tanaman jeruk di Pulau Jawa, Indonesia
Authors:   Balai Karantina Pertanian Kelas II Palangka Raya, Hermawan Hendri , Santoso Sugeng ,   Departemen Proteksi Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB University, Rauf Aunu ,   Departemen Proteksi Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB University
Published: September 2021

Citrus is one of the most important fruit crops in Indonesia. One of the main problems in citrus production is mite infestation. Many mite species were reported attacking citrus around the world. This study was aimed to identify mites and describe the main characters of various species of mites on citrus in Java, Indonesia. Sampling was carried out at the location of citrus plantations and citrus plants in the yard of the house which was carried out purposively. In a large planting area, sampling was carried out on 10 citrus trees that showed symptoms of mite attack. The identification process is carried out by a mounting process to obtain specimens that can be observed under a compound microscope using PVA. Eight species of mites were collected from 8 various of citrus from 15 location. Six mites species were identified as phytophagous, i.e., Panonychus citri McGregor, Eotetranychus sp., Eutetranychus sp. (Family Tetranychidae), Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) (Family Tenuipalpidae), Tarsonemus bilobatus Suski (Family Tarsonemidae), and Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashmead) (Family Eriophyidae). Meanwhile, the other two species, Amblyseius sp. (Family Phytoseiidae) and Cheletogenes ornatus (Canestrini & Fanzago) (Family Cheyletidae) were predators. Unidentified mites were Family Tydeidae and Winterschmidtiidae. According to Regulation No. 31 of 2018, P. citri and Ph. oleivora are quarantine pest. T. bilobatus is firstly reported in Indonesia.
Akut nyreinfarkt: En sjælden årsag til akut abdomen
Authors: Ebrahim Mohamed
Published: September 2021

Acute Renal infarction is a rare cause of acute abdomen that may cause irreversible kidney damage.

The presenting symptomatology is nonspecific and mimics other more common conditions, which leads to delay in diagnosis.

If diagnosis is made early by contrast-enhanced computed tomography proper treatment can be planned to preserve kidney function.

We report a case of renal infarction in a 45 year old man with acute abdominal pain were diagnosis was missed at initial assessment with non-contrast CT.
Investigating the possibilities of using patient-generated health data in emergency care: an explorative study
Authors: Brosbøl Kobberup Fie , Sode Brit-Silje , Boier Tygesen Gitte , Kalmriz Malik
Published: September 2021

AbstractIt is well known that emergency departments (EDs) are exposed to human errors and unintended events due to large patient flow, high work pressure and overload of information. Strategies for providing efficient and effective health care are therefore imperative, and health information technologies are suggested to be one of the solutions. This study sought to investigate if the use of patient-generated health data gathered through a digital patient questionnaire and visualised as a patient-generated journal (PGJ v.1.0) has the potential to improve the care delivered in EDs.MethodsUsing a mixed-method approach, the PGJ (v.1.0) was investigatedfrom key stakeholders’ perspectives. First, we examined the PGJ from a patient perspective via participant observation (n = 18) and interviews (n = 18), supported by statistical data from the PGJ (n = 56). Second, we used questionnaires to explore the physicians’ perspectives (n = 9). Lastly, two interviews were conducted with healthcare leaders from the ED. The data were compared and analysed using descriptive statistics and hermeneutic analysis.Results From the findings, it appears that patients in need of urgent care accept the use of patient-generated data, and patients highly favoured being active in their patient pathway. However, the system needed some adjustments to fit the patients’abilities in urgent situations.The physicians expressed mixed attitudes towards the PGJ: the majority agreed that the system needed some adjustments in order for the full benefits to be gained, but thought that it had potential to improve their work processes when fully developed.Conclusions This study concludes that the use of patient-generated data is well accepted by patients in an urgent setting, and that the PGJ has the potential to improve quality of care in patient pathways by adding value to patient flows as well as clinical workflows. The concept of utilising patient-generated health data in emergency care should therefore be further developed and investigated.
Kan et frivilligt samleje være strafbart?
Authors: Juul Holm Clara
Published: September 2021

Abstract:This article examines some conceptual challenges associated with the content and possible demarcation of the notions of consent and voluntariness in recent Danish legislation on rape. It is argued that free will or voluntariness, and the expression thereof, should be seen as occurrences on a spectrum, and that the expression of consent or free will is at least partially necessary if such subjective concepts are to be useful in a legal context. The paper examines some general implications of this for possible  outcomes of case law. Uncertainties include what should be made of the use of the »presumptions« mentioned in the bill. Some implications for the evaluation of a defendant’s mens rea are also touched upon. It is concluded that the Danish court enjoys a margin of discretion that allows it the ability to criminalise instances of intercourse even when they are not necessarily non-voluntary.
»En mexicansk blondine der sparker røv«
Authors: Højlund Bræmer Marie , Friis Søgaard Thomas
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn recent decades, the selling and purchasing of illicit drugs has been increasingly mediated by use of communication technologies such as mobile phones and social media apps. While the risk of police intervention has traditionally restricted dealers’ use of advertisements to attract customers, the increasing technologization of retail-level drug markets has opened up new avenues for dealers’ use of proactive marketing. This article contributes to the understanding of current transformations of the retail-level drug market by providing insight into how drug dealers compete for and try to attract customers by use of strategic and targeted advertising. Based on an in-depth analysis of the textual and visual content of 99 illicit »drug commercials« circulated through SMS-based (Short Message Service) drug lines, we demonstrate how drug dealers draw on a number of psychological and cognitive techniques such as repetition, association, humour, hooks, slogans and storytelling, all of which are also found in legal marketing. We conclude by arguing that there is a need for more studies on how »drug commercials« affect drug users’ purchasing practices, including their choice of dealer.
« C’est compliqué l’amour dans la rue »
Authors: Côté Philippe-Benoit
Published: September 2021

Cet article vise à documenter la complexité des relations amoureuses chez les jeunes en situation d’itinérance. À partir d’une démarche qualitative, des entrevues individuelles ont été menées auprès de 42 jeunes en situation d’itinérance (18 à 32 ans). L’analyse révèle que les conditions de vie précaires de l’itinérance exercent une tension sur les relations amoureuses des jeunes. Si les jeunes rapportent la nécessité de créer des relations amoureuses pour répondre à leurs besoins affectifs, matériels et identitaires, ils décrivent néanmoins l’impossibilité de maintenir ces relations amoureuses en raison d’un mouvement de repli sur eux-mêmes pour survivre aux conditions de vie précaires de l’itinérance. Le contexte de l’itinérance met en exergue « l’impossible nécessité » des relations amoureuses chez les jeunes.
A Canadian Distinction of Note
Authors: Barney Robert K. , Nowokowski Riley
Published: September 2021

It has been argued that London’s Tecumseh Park (renamed John Labatt Memorial Park in 1937) is the oldest, still functioning ball grounds in baseball’s lengthy history. This has been challenged persistently by scholars such as A.J. Bastarache on behalf of Clinton, Massachusetts, who argue that disastrous floods in London’s history “removed” the storied Tecumseh diamond from its original location to a completely new site, thus negating its record of continuous operation in one specific place. This paper examines newspaper and magazine articles related to the flood and the park to show that Tecumseh Park in 1883 and John Labatt Memorial Park in 1937 were renovated in timely fashion following floods and that the park did not change its physical location. Such findings provide further evidence undergirding the park’s bona fide heritage distinction as the oldest still operating ball ground in history.
The Search for Major John Richardson’s Unknown Writings
Authors: Beasley David R.
Published: September 2021

This article will identity three anonymous works written by novelist Major John Richardson whose authorship has been assigned to others. A detailed knowledge of Richardson‘s activities, friendships, and aspirations as related to his writings will be one tool; another will be an analysis of the style and matter of the texts as they compare to works known to have been written by Richardson, a man widely recognized as the father of Canadian literature.
Green Space Assessment and Management in Biscay Province, Spain using Remote Sensing Technology
Authors: Makinde Esther O. , Andonegui Cristina M. , Vicario Ainhoa A.
Published: September 2021

Our ecosystem, particularly forest lands, contains huge amounts of carbon storage in the world today. This study estimated the above ground biomass and carbon stock in the green space of Bilbao Spain using remote sensing technology. Landsat ETM+ and OLI satellite images for year 1999, 2009 and 2019 were used to assess its land use land cover (LULC), change detection, spectral indices and model biomass based on linear regression. The result of the LULC showed that there was an increase in forest vegetation by 12.5% from 1999 to 2009 and a further increase by 2.3% in 2019. However, plantation cover had decreased by 3.5% from 1999–2009; while wetlands had also decreased by 9% within the same period. There was, however, an increase in plantation cover from 2009 to 2019 by 2.1% but a further decrease in wetlands of 4.3%. Further results revealed a positive correlation across the three decades between the widely used Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI) with other spectral indices such as Enhance Vegetation Index (EVI) and Normalized Differential Moisture Index (NDMI) for biomass were: for 1999 EVI (R2 = 0.1826), NDMI (R2 = 0.0117), for 2009 EVI (R2 = 0.2192), NDMI (R2 = 0.3322), for 2019EVI (R2 = 0.1258), NDMI (R2 = 0.8148). A reduction in the total carbon stock from 14,221.94 megatons in 1999 to 10,342.44 megatons 2019 was observed. This study concluded that there has been a reduction in the amount of carbon which the Biscay Forest can sequester.
Real-time detection algorithm of object motion state based on frequency modulated continuous wave radar
Authors: Qu Kui , Zhang Rong-Fu , Xiao Peng-Cheng ,   School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China,   State Key Lab of ASIC and System, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
Published: September 2021

Real time detection of object motion is widely used in industrial activities and daily life. The contactless measurement is a flexible way, which has no effect on the state of movement of the object. Compared with the optical, ultrasonic and laser sensors, microwave radar has the advantages of high measurement accuracy and being unaffected by the environment such as smoke, dust, fog, and rain.

The frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar is a widely used radar system, the echo of which contains abundant information, and there is no blind zone in the range because the transmitter and receiver work at the same time. The algorithm of movement detection of FMCW radar is commonly based on the peak estimation of signal spectrum, in order to achieve high accuracy, it is necessary to increase the frequency and bandwidth, resulting in high hardware complexity, a large amount of calculation, poor real-time response and poor anti-jamming ability. The proposed algorithm is based on the discrete Fourier transform with specific frequency of the beat signal. The real part and imaginary part of discrete Fourier transform are superposed in two perpendicular directions, and the resultant trajectory is approximately elliptical. The relative displacement of the object is proportional to the cumulative phase change of the corresponding points on the ellipse, the phase of each trajectory point can be calculated to restore the motion state of the object. The proposed algorithm does not need Fourier transform for the beat signal of each chirp, so the time complexity is low. The beat signal of the static object is processed into a fixed direct-current signal, which has no influence on the measurement of the moving object, therefore the algorithm has the ability to resist the interference of the static object. The measurement is limited to relative motion, because the phase obtained is relative. It has great potential applications in the fields of measuring relative displacement, such as mechanical vibration frequency, vital signal detection, mechanical arm control, etc..

An experimental setup with a center frequency of 24 GHz, bandwidth of 0.15 GHz and frequency modulation period of 4 ms is used to test the hypothesis. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical results. The displacement measurement accuracy is 0.27 mm, and the linearity is 0.05% with 500 mm as the displacement measurement range. The measurement accuracy of velocity is 1.11 mm/s.
Equation-of-state measurements for polystyrene under high presure driven by HEAVEN-I laser facility
Authors: Tian Bao-Xian , Wang Zhao , Hu Feng-Ming , Gao Zhi-Xing , Ban Xiao-Na , Li Jing ,   Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
Published: September 2021

The equation of state (EOS) for CH material used as an ablator layer at high pressure is important in the study of implosion dynamics and target design for inertial confinement fusion (ICF). At present, most of EOS data are on the Hugoniot line under shock compression. The EOS data below Hugoniot line need further studying for low-entropy pre- compression. In the present article, the EOS of polystyrene is established under quasi-isentropic compression driven by HEAVEN-I KrF laser facility with a long rising edge (~20 ns). The shock dynamic behaviors of three kinds of CH targets are simulated, which are 100 μm CH planar target, Al-coated CH planar target (10 μm Al, 50 or 150 μm CH), and flyer-impact target composed of flyer (Al-coated CH), 100 μm vacuum layer, and 100 μm CH layer. The planar targets and flyer-impact targets with different thickness are irradiated by six-focused laser beams with total energy of 50–100J, and the free surface velocity and wave average transit velocity are measured by side-on shadowgraph technique. The simulation results indicate that the initial loading process is quasi-isentropic compression process, and then evolves into a weak shock compression process for the CH planar target in the rising edge stage. Comparing with the CH planar target, the reflected rarefaction waves from the Al-CH interface of Al-coated CH target can suppress the enhancement of compression wave, and delay the formation of shock wave when laser directly irradiates the Al layer. The shock pressure of the CH target layer (the third layer) is significantly higher than those of the former two targets in the flyer-impact target. However, the chasing rarefaction wave can unload the compression state incompletely and reduce the pressure when the CH target layer is much thicker than Al layer. The final pressure is about 15 GPa in the CH planar target, while the final pressure is about 30 GPa in flyer-impact target: both of them are less than the pressure threshold of opacity change for the transparent polystyrene. The quasi-isentropic dynamical process is difficult to measure by the velocity interferometer system for any reflector technique. The experimental results show that the average wave transit velocity is significantly less than the final shock velocity derived from the free surface velocities in the CH and Al-coated CH planar target side-on shadow experiments. They indicate that the compression wave enhancement and quasi-isentropic compression process occur in the propagation of wave front. The shock pressure is about 12 GPa in the CH planar target, and about 34 GPa under shock load in the flyer-impact target. The experimental data and shock dynamic processes are basically consistent with the simulation results.
Strain-testing research of space solar cell array
Authors: Yin Mao-Shu , Yang Guang , Wang Xun-Chun , Fan Bin , Jiang De-Peng , Yang Hong-Dong ,   Physical Power Division, Shanghai Institute of Space Power-Sources, Shanghai 200245, China
Published: September 2021

Space solar cell array is the only power source for satellites, and the mechanical impact on solar array during its in-orbit service will directly affect the normal operation of the satellites. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the stress and strain law of space solar array. In this paper, we establish a strain-testing system for space solar array, and this system can help test the strain data of space solar array under simulated space vacuum and thermal cycling field. We find that the space solar cells suffer compression deformation at high temperature and tensile deformation at low temperature. The total maximum strain of the free cell and pasted cell under the same conditions are 1270 and 1320 με, respectively. In addition, the strain of middle area is 113% higher than that of the edge area in one space solar cell. The rupturing strain of space solar cell is 2080 με. These measured data conduce to studying the deformation characteristics of solar cells in space environment, which can help researchers get the deformation regularity of space solar cells. They also provide experimental basis for stress-relieving arrangement of space solar array. This research provides technical support for studying the deformation resistance of space solar cells.
Quantum direct portation
Authors: Wang Ming-Yu , Wang Xin-De , Ruan Dong , Long Gui-Lu ,   State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China,   Frontiers Science Research Center, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China,   School of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China,   Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
Published: September 2021

Quantum state that carries classical information, 0 or 1, can be safely and reliably transmitted using quantum secure direct communication. How to transmit an arbitrary quantum state is a wider issue and has important applications. One way is to use quantum teleportation, namely, first distribute a large number of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pairs, and then perform entanglement purification to obtain a near-perfect pair, and make quantum teleportation using the pair. In this article, we propose a method that directly port the quantum state with security and reliability using quantum secure direct communication. After sufficient number of copies of the same state have been directly ported, single-particle purification is performed to obtain a near perfect single particle state. This is important because it offers a new method for sending an arbitrary single particle state securely and reliably without using quantum teleportation. It is also an important extension of quantum secure direct communication to send an arbitrary quantum state. Quantum direct portation will have great potential in quantum internet.
Mapping the future for coral reefs
Authors: Bay Line K , Howells Emily J
Published: September 2021

The ability of corals to adapt to global warming may involve trade-offs among the traits that influence their success as the foundational species of coral reefs.
A Review on Toxicity of Pesticides in Catfishes: Reproductive, Haematological and Biochemical Aspects
Authors: Suchiang P.
Published: September 2021

This review article focuses on the effect of pesticides on reproductive functions, haematological and biochemical changes in catfishes. Pesticides are chemical substances that are released into the environment to control the populations of harmful pests. Pesticide exposure leads to toxicity in aquatic organisms, including fishes which are particularly sensitive to pesticides. The acute and sublethal concentrations of pesticides in the aquatic environment result in different lethal alterations, including changes in reproductive functions, histology, haematology, proteins, glucose, lipids, enzymes, etc. Pesticides act as endocrine disruptor compounds and have the potential to impair reproductive function in catfishes. Alterations in haematological and biochemical parameters are used as efficient biomarkers in assessing the toxicity of pesticides in fishes.
Beneficial Role of Ginger Powder (Zingiber officinale) against Acephate-induced Reprotoxicity in Adult Male Rats
Authors: Madhavi V. , Ganga U. Kanchana , Sainath S. B. , Kishori B.
Published: September 2021

Aims: The present study was aimed to investigate the protective role of ginger against acephate-induced testicular toxicity in adult rats.

Methodology: Rats were allocated into four groups where animals in group I served as controls, while animals in group II, III and group IV were treated as experimental rats. Rats in groups II, III and IV were treated with acephate (50mg/kg body weight), ginger (100mg/kg body weight) and combination of both acephate and ginger, respectively over a period of 60 days. After completion of experimental period sperm count, sperm viability, sperm motility, sperm membrane integrity, testicular steroidogenic marker enzymes (3β-HSD and 17β-HSD, serum testosterone and testicular architecture was performed in both control and experimental rats.

Results: Relative weights of reproductive organs, sperm count, sperm viability, sperm motility and sperm membrane integrity were significantly decreased in acephate treated rats over controls. Acephate administration also reduced the circulatory levels of testosterone associated with a significant reduction in the testicular steroidogenic marker enzymes (3β-HSD and 17β-HSD) in rats. The testicular architecture was disrupted in acephate intoxicated rats. In contrast, ginger administration significantly recovered the acephate-induced suppressed selected reproductive parameters with increased circulatory levels of testosterone and restoration of sperm endpoints in as compared to acephate alone treated rats. No significant changes were observed in any of the selected reproductive endpoints in ginger treated rats as compared to controls.

Conclusion: The results can be concluded that supplementation of ginger mitigates the negative effects of acephate on male reproductive health via amelioration of testicular setroidogenesis and spermatogenesis and epididymal sperm maturation events in rats.
Pyro Geography and Indian Quest during Anthropocene to COVID-19
Authors: Mishra Siba Prasad
Published: September 2021

Taming fire by homosapiens was one of the foremost technological advancement in the history of evolution. The homosapiens tried to tame the wild fire by locating, preserving, using as tools for hunt game, food preparation, rituals and religion, and protecting them from predators. The modern men in Anthropocene in Pyroxene period, the fire have been used for domestic, industrial, and pioneering researches to concur the earth. The type of ignition to our vast deciduous forests can be natural, accidental, out of negligence, deliberate, incendiary, agriculture purposes, resource collection, and at times cultural. Present assessment embraces the changes that occurred in the wildfire due to weather-related and anthropogenic ignited. The wild fire deaths in towns, factories and mines have been reduced for the last six years.  But during the pandemic COVID-19 under the locks, shutdowns and curfews, the numbers of crowdie and industrial fires in India has abridged, but dependence on forest products for livelihood by the aboriginal people and global warming had increased numbers of forest fire in India. There are also increased electrocution fatalities in different hospitals in India due to oxygen enriched surroundings during the present Pandemic.
Nifedipine or Labetalol: Hypertension Management during Pregnancy
Authors: Khan Zoobia Z , Sohail Ahmed , Yusufzai Atif , Imtiaz Hassan , Asghar Neelam , Mumtaz Hassan , Ahmad Shahzaib , Ahad Syed Abdul , Hasan Mohammad
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Hypertension complicates 10% of pregnancies causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is considered severe hypertension if Systolic >160 and Diastolic >110 lasting more than 15 minutes. It is an Obstetric emergency and needs prompt appropriate treatment.

Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted at Tehsil Headquarter Hospital. One hundred fifty patients were included in the study divided into two groups: Nifedipine group (n:75) getting oral Nifedipine and Labetalol group (n:75) getting IV Labetalol.

Results: This study shows that goal therapeutic blood pressure was reached earlier in patients receiving oral Nifedipine 28.2 ± 11.7minutes as compared with those receiving intravenous Labetalol 48.4 +- 23.5minutes.

Fewer doses were required for the nifedipine group in contrast to the IV labetalol group Failure of treatment was higher among the IV labetalol group.

Conclusion: Oral nifedipine is as productive and safe as compared to Iv labetalol and is more convenient in Low resource settings.
Result of Ring Fixator in High-energy Schatzker Type VI Fractures of Proximal Tibia
Authors: Khanzada Aftab Alam , Joyo Muhammad Rafique , Javed Muhammad Imran , Ahmed Nizam , Keerio Niaz Hussain , Shah Ghazanfar Ali , Noor Syed Shahid
Published: September 2021

Background: Significant articular depression, separation of both condyles, diaphyseal comminution and dissociation, and loss of soft-tissue envelope integrity are all associated with high-energy proximal tibia fractures (Schatzker VI). Over the past 50 years, there has been a lot of research on plating problems in these complicated fractures. For the care of these complex injuries, Ilizarov devised a new method (ring fixator).

Aim of the Study: To examine the outcomes of patients who received a ring fixator for the treatment of high-energy proximal tibia fractures (Schatzker VI).

Materials and Methods: Fourteen patients (mean age 36) were treated with the Ilizarov fixator and transfixion wires for high-energy fractures of the proximal tibia (Schatzker VI). Nine of the patients had open fractures, and five of them had significant soft tissue damage. They were all tracked for an average of 19.4 months. The result was analyzed using the criteria set by Honkonen & Jarvinen (1992).

Results: Thirteen fractures healed in an average of 14.6 weeks, with one taking six months. Twelve patients recovered complete extension, while eight others regained more than 110 degrees of flexion. All of the patients knees were stable, except one who had a minor varus deformity. Nine patients walked normally, while four had a little limp. Except for one, all of the knees exhibited an articular step-off of less than 4 mm and normal axial alignment. Six knees were found to be outstanding, five to be decent, and three to be fair. There were no instances of postoperative skin infection or septic arthritis, however, three patients did have a pin tract infection that was effectively managed.

Conclusion: The technique is suitable for the treatment of complex proximal tibia fractures when there is substantial comminution at the fracture site as well as soft tissue damage (Schatzker VI).
To Compare the Effect on IOP Following Primary Trabeculectomy with MMC 0.2% versus Trabeculectomy without MMC in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Gopang Zakaullah , Bhutto Shabeer Ahmed , Katpar Naeem Akhtar , Rajper Arslan hassan , Nagdev Vijay
Published: September 2021

Objective: To determine the effect on intraocular pressure following primary Trabeculectomy with MMC 0.2% versus Trabeculectomy without MMC in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma.

Study Design: This is a prospective and experimental Study.

Setting: Study carried out at Ophthalmology Department, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University Larkana, from 01-03-2020 to 31-08-2020 (06 Months).

Materials and Methods: The patients with primary open angle glaucoma were selected from glaucoma clinic after taking careful history and clinical examination. Patients selected for trabeculectomy into two groups. Group A includes 43 patients while Group B also includes 43 patients. Among Group A patients adjunctive MMC 0.2mg/ml for a period of 3 minutes was used during trabeculectomy as a primary procedure (Test Group) while Group B patients were operated without MMC 0.2% (Control Group). Follow-up period of 06 months was observed in both groups. The span of study was from 01-03-2020 to 31-08-2020.

Results: The total of 86 Eyes of 86 patients of POAG were included in this study. Group A patients were operated for trabeculectomy with MMC while group B patients were operated for trabeculectomy without MMC. The mean IOP before surgery of Group-A was 25.39±2.42 mmHg while in Group-B it was 26.23±4.23mmHg. At day 1 of surgery in Group-A patients IOP was 13.20±3.05 mmHg while in Group-B patients IOP, was 14.09±4.04 mmHg. After 3 months in Group-A, IOP was 13.04±3.81 mmHg in Group-B IOP was 14.01±4.18 mmHg. Out of 43 patients in Group-A, 41(95.3%) were succeeded while in Group-B, 39(90.7%)were succeeded. Significant result was found for IOP reduction after 6 months of surgeryin group-A IOP was 13.48 + 2.86 mmHg while in group-B, IOP was 15.09 ±2.64 (P=0.754).

Conclusion: Trabeculectomy with MMC as a primary procedure seems to be more effective than trabeculectomy without MMC.