bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Percepção de casais que vivenciaram perda gestacional sobre o apoio social
Authors: Barth Marina Camargo , Vescovi Gabriela , Levandowski Daniela Centenaro
Published: October 2020

A perda gestacional é um acontecimento traumático e imprevisível. O luto dela decorrente, muitas vezes não reconhecido socialmente, pode repercutir sobre o apoio aos casais. Esse estudo investigou a percepção de casais que vivenciaram perda gestacional sobre o apoio social. Examinou-se a satisfação e os tipos de apoio recebido, bem como o ajustamento conjugal. Doze casais heterossexuais brasileiros foram entrevistados e responderam à Escala Revisada de Ajustamento Diádico (R-DAS). Cônjuge, família, terapia e grupos de mães online foram mencionados como fontes de apoio emocional, material/de serviço e de regulação/controle social. Constatou-se tanto satisfação como insatisfação quanto às diferentes fontes e tipos de apoio recebidos. A insatisfação foi mais enfatizada, embora restrita a menos fontes. A satisfação referiu-se a situações mais pontuais e foi proveniente de fontes variadas. Evidenciou-se a relevância do apoio emocional frente à perda gestacional, o que exige ampliação da discussão social e qualificação dos profissionais.
Construyendo un P2P accommodation 4.0 frente al COVID-19: Proptech, autorregulación y Tokenización
Authors: Argelich Comelles Cristina
Published: October 2020

Este trabajo presenta diversas propuestas para la regulación del alojamiento colaborativo, considerando el necesario distanciamiento social del COVID-19 como una oportunidad. Para ello, se emplean soluciones existentes en el Derecho comparado europeo y de los Estados Unidos, junto con aplicaciones prácticas de las nuevas tecnologías. En este sentido, se examinará la desregulación en España y las propuestas novedosas surgidas en Andalucía y Cataluña, junto con una autorregulación mediante los mecanismos reputacionales de las plataformas P2P. Finalmente, se aplicarán diversas tecnologías emergentes en el alojamiento colaborativo, como la tecnología blockchain, la Tokenización y la Proptech, en particular el Internet of Things.
Ubiquitin-dependent regulation of a conserved DMRT protein controls sexually dimorphic synaptic connectivity and behavior
Authors: Bayer Emily A , Stecky Rebecca C , Neal Lauren , Katsamba Phinikoula S , Ahlsen Goran , Balaji Vishnu , Hoppe Thorsten , Shapiro Lawrence , Oren-Suissa Meital , Hobert Oliver
Published: October 2020

Sex-specific synaptic connectivity is beginning to emerge as a remarkable, but little explored feature of animal brains. We describe here a novel mechanism that promotes sexually dimorphic neuronal function and synaptic connectivity in the nervous system of the nematodeCaenorhabditis elegans. We demonstrate that a phylogenetically conserved, but previously uncharacterized Doublesex/Mab-3 related transcription factor (DMRT),dmd-4, is expressed in two classes of sex-shared phasmid neurons specifically in hermaphrodites but not in males. We finddmd-4to promote hermaphrodite-specific synaptic connectivity and neuronal function of phasmid sensory neurons. Sex-specificity of DMD-4 function is conferred by a novel mode of posttranslational regulation that involves sex-specific protein stabilization through ubiquitin binding to a phylogenetically conserved but previously unstudied protein domain, the DMA domain. A human DMRT homolog of DMD-4 is controlled in a similar manner, indicating that our findings may have implications for the control of sexual differentiation in other animals as well.
„Uczyć się od błędów” – analiza uchybień w pisemnych pracach uczniów szkół polonijnych w USA
Authors: Maliszewski Bartłomiej
Published: October 2020

Tematem artykułu jest analiza błędów popełnionych przez uczniów polonijnych szkół amerykańskich podczas warsztatów przygotowujących do egzaminu certyfikatowego z języka polskiego jako obcego. Zestawienie powtarzających się uchybień pozwala ukazać specyfikę języka przedstawicieli młodej Polonii amerykańskiej i może też posłużyć jako pomoc w procesie glottodydaktycznym, gdyż błędy pokazują, na co warto położyć nacisk podczas przygotowań do takiego egzaminu.
Legendy i wierzenia Słowian oraz ich odzwierciedlenie w polskich i angielskich nazwach roślin
Authors: Szwajczuk Alina
Published: October 2020

Jadwiga Waniakowa (2012) twierdzi, iż wraz z nazwą kwiatów wędrowały wierzenia, tak jak miało to miejsce w przypadku „niezapominajki”. Bogactwo nazw, skrywane tajniki i wędrówki myśli ludzkiej, nawiązanie do kontekstów politycznych i historycznych oraz właściwości leczniczych i zjawisk okultystycznych sprawiają, że symbol kwiatu staje się pojęciem wielowymiarowym. Niniejszy referat ma na celu zobrazowanie sposobu postrzegania rzeczywistości przez symbolikę rośliny odzwierciedloną w nazwach. W szczególności, punkt wyjścia stanowią legendy i wierzenia Słowian. Głównym założeniem jest wstępna weryfikacja, czy w języku polskim słowiańskie skojarzenia związane z rośliną odzwierciedlone są w nazwach roślin oraz czy, tym samym, nastąpiła migracja wierzeń słowiańskich poprzez migrację nazw do kultury anglosaskiej. Fitonimy przedstawione zostały z perspektywy diachronicznej i synchronicznej. Nieodzownym elementem poszukiwań oraz wyzwaniem jest również podjęta próba tłumaczenia zwyczajowych nazw dawnych. Dociekania badawcze rozpoczęły się od analizy nazwy „wyżlin większy”/Antirrhinum majus L. Polska nazwa rośliny („wyżlin”) oznaczająca dawniej „pysk zwierzęcy, szczególnie psi albo cielęcy obrany ze skóry i mięsa”[1] odzwierciedlona jest w dawnych nazwach angielskich takich jak Dog’s-mouth [pysk psi] czy Calf’s-mouth [pysk cielęcy](Nowick 2015: 36). W języku polskim zaś roślina znana jest jako lwia paszcza.   [1] Źródło: https://sjp.pwn.pl/doroszewski/wyzlin;5523280.html. Data ostatniego dostępu: 25.04.2020.
Effect of oxide scale structure on shot-blasting of hot-rolled strip steel
Authors: Wang Xiaochen , Ai Rui , Yang Quan , Wang Shang , Zhang Yanjie , Meng Yingying , Ma Xianghong
Published: October 2020

Background

The effect of oxide scale composition of hot-rolled strip (Q235) on shot blasting is studied in this article. The properties of the oxide scale on the strip surface change during storage. The shot blasting is an important on-line acid-less descaling technology. The effect of shot blasting is affected by many factors, among which the composition of oxide scale may play an important role. However, there are few studies on the relationship between the oxide layer content and the descaling effect.

Methods

The morphologies of oxide scales at different storage times are observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the compositions are analyzed by X-ray diffraction. These strips are then shot blasted and descaled with different amounts of abrasive, and the descaling effects are compared by SEM.

Results

The results show that the eutectoid structure Fe3O4/Fe in the oxide scale will gradually transform into Fe3O4. In the case of short storage time, the content of the eutectoid structure is high, and it is difficult to remove the oxide scale. While the strip with a long storage time has no eutectoid structure Fe3O4/Fe and FeO, it is easy to remove the oxide scale during the shot blasting process. The composition of the oxide scale has a significant effect on the effect of shot blasting, and it provides significant guidance to the optimization of the descaling process parameters.
Persistent mosquito fogging can be detrimental to non-target invertebrates in an urban tropical forest
Authors: Lee Nicole S.M. , Clements Gopalasamy R. , Ting Adeline S.Y. , Wong Zhi H. , Yek Sze H.
Published: October 2020

Background

Human population growth has led to biodiversity declines in tropical cities. While habitat loss and fragmentation have been the main drivers of urban biodiversity loss, man-made interventions to reduce health risks have also emerged as an unintentional threat. For instance, insecticide fogging to control mosquito populations has become the most common method of preventing the expansion of mosquito-borne diseases such as Dengue. However, the effectiveness of fogging in killing mosquitoes has been called into question. One concern is the unintended effect of insecticide fogging on non-target invertebrates that are crucial for the maintenance of urban ecosystems. Here, we investigate the impacts of fogging on: (1) target invertebrate taxon (Diptera, including mosquitoes); (2) non-target invertebrate taxa; and (3) the foraging behavior of an invertebrate pollinator taxon (Lepidoptera) within an urban tropical forest.

Methods

We carried out fogging with Pyrethroid insecticide (Detral 2.5 EC) at 10 different sites in a forest situated in the state of Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia. Across the sites, we counted the numbers of knocked-down invertebrates and identified them based on morphology to different taxa. We constructed Bayesian hierarchical Poisson regression models to investigate the effects of fogging on: (1) a target invertebrate taxon (Diptera) 3-h post-fogging; (2) selected non-target invertebrate taxa 3-h post-fogging; and (3) an invertebrate pollinator taxon (Lepidoptera) 24-h post-fogging.

Results

A total of 1,874 invertebrates from 19 invertebrate orders were knocked down by the fogging treatment across the 10 sites. Furthermore, 72.7% of the invertebrates counted 3-h post-fogging was considered dead. Our regression models showed that given the data and prior information, the probability that fogging had a negative effect on invertebrate taxa 3-h post-fogging was 100%, with reductions to 11% of the pre-fogging count of live individuals for the target invertebrate taxon (Diptera), and between 5% and 58% of the pre-fogging count of live individuals for non-target invertebrate taxa. For the invertebrate pollinator, the probability that fogging had a negative effect 24-h post-fogging was also 100%, with reductions to 53% of the pre-fogging count of live individuals.

Discussion

Our Bayesian models unequivocally demonstrate that fogging has detrimental effects on one pollinator order and non-target invertebrate orders, especially taxa that have comparatively lower levels of chitinisation. While fogging is effective in killing the target order (Diptera), no mosquitos were found dead in our experiment. In order to maintain urban biodiversity, we recommend that health authorities and the private sector move away from persistent insecticide fogging and to explore alternative measures to control adult mosquito populations.
Positive association between COVID-19 deaths and influenza vaccination rates in elderly people worldwide
Authors: Wehenkel Christian
Published: October 2020

Background

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is an ongoing global health crisis, directly and indirectly impacting all spheres of human life. Some pharmacological measures have been proposed to prevent COVID-19 or reduce its severity, such as vaccinations. Previous reports indicate that influenza vaccination appears to be negatively correlated with COVID-19-associated mortality, perhaps as a result of heterologous immunity or changes in innate immunity. The understanding of such trends in correlations could prevent deaths from COVID-19 in the future. The aim of this study was therefore to analyze the association between COVID-19 related deaths and influenza vaccination rate (IVR) in elderly people worldwide.

Methods

To determine the association between COVID-19 deaths and influenza vaccination, available data sets from countries with more than 0.5 million inhabitants were analyzed (in total 39 countries). To accurately estimate the influence of IVR on COVID-19 deaths and mitigate effects of confounding variables, a sophisticated ranking of the importance of different variables was performed, including as predictor variables IVR and some potentially important geographical and socioeconomic variables as well as variables related to non-pharmaceutical intervention. The associations were measured by non-parametric Spearman rank correlation coefficients and random forest functions.

Results

The results showed a positive association between COVID-19 deaths and IVR of people ≥65 years-old. There is a significant increase in COVID-19 deaths from eastern to western regions in the world. Further exploration is needed to explain these findings, and additional work on this line of research may lead to prevention of deaths associated with COVID-19.
Dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata) from Puerto Rico: a checklist with notes on distribution and habitat
Authors: Ramírez Alonso , Maldonado-Benítez Norman , Mariani-Ríos Ashley , Figueroa-Santiago Javier
Published: October 2020

Background

Conservation of tropical freshwater fauna requires a solid understanding of species biodiversity patterns. We provide an up to date annotated list of Odonata of Puerto Rico, which is based on current reports. The list is complemented with notes on the geographic and altitudinal distribution of this order on the island. We also compare current composition relative to early reports conducted when Puerto Rico was mostly an agricultural region.

Methods

We surveyed adult Odonata all over Puerto Rico with the aid of undergraduate students. Students were trained on capturing, preserving, and data basing specimens. All material was centralized, identified by the lead author, and deposited in the Zoology Museum at the University of Puerto Rico (MZUPR), Río Piedras campus. Surveys were complemented with focal collections by the authors and a literature review of published records for Puerto Rico and the Caribbean. We requested records from specialists to obtain the most complete list of species for the island.

Results

An annotated list of Odonata from Puerto Rico is presented, reporting 49 species distributed in two suborders and four families. We provide information on species distribution among municipalities and elevations around Puerto Rico. A historic list of species was developed for the 1930s-1940s, when agriculture covered most of Puerto Rico, based on literature and museum specimens. Both current and historic records are similar and suggest that the Odonata fauna is dominated by generalist species and has changed little since the agricultural period. Our list provides a point of reference to understand biodiversity patterns in Puerto Rico and the Caribbean and for assessing the effects of land use change on aquatic insect diversity.
Effects of frequency and feeding time on growth, food utilization, somatic indexes and survival of juvenile white snook Centropomus viridis
Authors: Abdo-de la Parra María Isabel , Rodríguez-Ibarra Luz Estela , Ibarra-Castro Leonardo , Martínez-Brown Juan Manuel , Velasco-Blanco Gabriela
Published: October 2020

The Pacific white snook, Centropomus viridis, is considered a species with high farming potential in Mexico due to its high economic value and overall demand in the national market. Growth in farmed fish is largely determined by the dietary regimen, which includes feeding frequency, rate, time, and cycle. The aim of the present study was to determine the feeding frequency and appropriate feeding time for farmed C. viridis juveniles in order to optimize growth and survival. Juveniles weighing 0.36 ± 0.01 g were used to evaluate 1 and up to 5 ad-libitum feeding frequencies per day, with 3 to 24-h intervals, for 6 weeks. Gained weight (GW), growth rate (GR), specific growth rate (SGR), food conversion ratio (FCR), feeding efficiency rate (FER), coefficient of variation (CV), hepatosomatic index (HI), peritoneal fat index (PFI), and survival (S) were determined for juveniles. Regardless of the feeding hours, no significant differences were found in the GR and SGR values between juveniles fed 3 times a day and those fed 5 times a day. FCR was significantly higher and FER significantly lower in treatments with juveniles fed only once a day compared with the rest of the treatments. No significant differences were found in CV, HI, and S between treatments. PFI was significantly different only between juveniles fed once and 5 times a day. Considering the results obtained in this study, we suggest feeding C. viridis juveniles 3 times a day at 6-h intervals between doses. These results will contribute to the development of biotechnology for farming this species.
Shell dimension-weight relationships in the blood cockle Larkinia grandis (Bivalvia: Arcidae) on the southeastern coast of the Gulf of California
Authors: Sotelo-Gonzalez Maria Isabel , Sepúlveda Carlos Humberto , Sánchez-Cárdenas Rebeca , Salcido-Guevara Luis Antonio , García-Ulloa Manuel , Góngora-Gómez Andrés Martín , Hernández-Sepúlveda Juan Antonio
Published: October 2020

The blood cockle Larkinia grandis is a commercially important resource in the Gulf of California, but little information is available on this species. In this study, the interactions between body weight (BW) and shell length (SL), height (SH), and width (SW) were evaluated in a L. grandis population in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Eighty cockles were hand-picked monthly from August 2017 to July 2018 near and/or under mangrove trees on the southeastern coast of the Gulf of California. The range of shell measurements (SL = 142.00–44.57 mm, SH = 85.50–31.15 mm, SW = 76.56–32.03 mm) indicates that the sampled population was dominated by adult specimens. Only the coefficient of variation for BW exhibited high dispersion (23%–45%). The potential relationships between BW and SL, SH, and SW were non-linear. The strongest interaction was found between BW and SW (R2 = 0.934), with the BW–SW relationship best describing the growth of this ark clam. All shell dimension–weight relationships were significant (P ≤ 0.05), indicating both negative (SL–SW and SH–SW) and positive (SL–SH, BW–SL, BW–SH, and BW–SW) allometric growth. The b values ranged from 0.8950, for the LogSH–LogSW relationship, to 2.6240, for the LogBW–LogSH interaction. This preliminary information is useful for developing conservation and sustainable exploitation strategies for this species, which is of economic importance to this region.
FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES EM MUSEUS DE CIÊNCIAS: CONSTRUINDO O ESTADO DA QUESTÃO
Authors: Da Silva Maria Cleidiane Barbosa , Maia Leite Raquel Crosara
Published: October 2020

Este artigo objetiva apresentar o Estado da Questão sobre a formação de professores em museus de ciências, incorporado à produção científica nacional. O levantamento foi realizado em anais de um evento científico da área de Ciências, periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes) e Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD). É consenso nas pesquisas que a mediação em museus de ciências é categoria central para compreender o museu como equipamento agregador à formação por conferir conhecimento em Educação. Os dados sinalizam a formalização de parceria entre museus de ciências e universidade, com o propósito de potencializar o diálogo entre saberes científicos e pedagógicos nos diversos contextos de aprendizagem de ciências.
INFÂNCIA, BRINCADEIRAS E EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA: TEMPOS E ESPAÇOS CONSTITUTIVOS DO SER PROFESSOR
Authors: Scheleski Gabriele Panke , Frison Marli Dallagnol
Published: October 2020

Este texto traz resultados de uma pesquisa de Mestrado relacionada ao desenvolvimento profissional docente articulado à produção de novos sentidos sobre a prática pedagógica, que investigou espaços e elementos formativos que constituem o ser professor. A análise da pesquisa baseou-se nos processos de apropriação dos significados e da produção de sentidos que envolvem a profissão docente durante a infância e a Educação Básica. A pesquisa é do tipo estudo de caso e a base teórica assenta-se na teoria histórico-cultural e em autores que tratam do desenvolvimento profissional docente. Resultados mostram que já na infância são produzidas marcas sobre o ser professor, as quais influenciam na escolha da profissão e servem de referência para a práxis educativa, sendo possível considerar esta fase como o início do desenvolvimento profissional
ANÁLISE DA APLICABILIDADE DE UM CURSO DE FORMAÇÃO PEDAGÓGICA PARA PROFESSORES DO ENSINO TÉCNICO DE ADMINISTRAÇÃO
Authors: Reinaldi Maria Aldinete de Almeida , Giordani Annecy Tojeiro , Freitas Carlos Cesar Garcia
Published: October 2020

O estudo objetivou analisar a aplicabilidade de um curso de formação pedagógica com ênfase nos saberes docentes, direcionado a professores do Ensino Profissional Técnico de Administração. Este trabalho utilizou-se da pesquisa descritiva de abordagem qualitativa seguindo os pressupostos da Análise Textual Discursiva. Os resultados apontam que o referido curso contribuiu, significativamente, com seu público-alvo, tendo-se mostrado relevante ao desenvolvimento e aperfeiçoamento pontual dos professores. Depreende-se que a experiência e conhecimentos específicos na área não são suficientes para o professor de Administração. É preciso ter domínio dos saberes pedagógicos e didáticos, assim como, refletir constantemente sobre a própria prática, desenvolver mais pesquisas e selecionar cuidadosamente recursos educacionais, métodos e estratégias para utilização em sala de aula.
ESPAÇO DISCURSIVO E/OU PRÁTICA DE LINGUAGEM? O FESTEJO DA SANTA E DA CONGADA EM ESPÍRITO SANTO DO DOURADO – MG
Authors: Silva Domingues Andrea , Celeste de Moraes Pinto Benedita , Gianini Docema Danilo
Published: October 2020

As festas de santos(as) e as Congadas são acontecimentos históricos e discursivos presentes no calendário festivo e eclesiástico dos homens e mulheres que residem no sul de Minas Gerais; do mesmo modo que são espaços em que discursos se materializam nas mais variadas formas para a realização de práticas culturais que se (re)significam e produzem novos sentidos anualmente. Dessa maneira temos como ponto de interesse para este texto interpretar [da] Festa de Nossa Senhora do Rosário e a Congada da/na cidade de Espírito Santo do Dourado – MG como espaço discursivo e/ou prática de linguagem, bem como observar como o discurso pode se materializar no sujeito congadeiro(a), produzindo efeitos de sentido. Metodologicamente, adotamos a prática da história oral, tendo como corpus de análise recortes de narrativas orais. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no diálogo entre a Análise de Discurso e a História Social, um percurso que nos conduziu a compreender como os sujeitos sociais constituem o discurso, a cultura na e pela linguagem como produtora de sentidos e resistência no tempo presente.
Правовые основы взаимодействия органов местного самоуправления с государственными и региональными органами власти в Испании
Authors: Комлев Е.Ю.
Published: October 2020

The research is a comprehensive study of the legal basis of interaction between local self-government bodies and state and regional authorities in Spain. The author analyzes Spanish regulations of the state and regional levels, decisions of the Constitutional Court of Spain, decisions of the Supreme Court of Spain and research studies of Spanish scientists, which have not been previously examined in the Russian legal doctrine. Decentralized public administration development stages in Spain with regard to the activities of local self-government bodies have been determined and characterized. The author identified the essential characteristics of basic principles and forms of interaction between local self-government bodies and state and regional authorities in Spain. Legal regulation disadvantages which negatively affect protection of the local autonomy principle in Spain have also been revealed. For students, post-graduate students and teachers of law universities and faculties, state and municipal employees, everyone who is interested in current problems of municipal law.
«Зоопарк» ингибиторов динамики микротрубочек, "Природа"
Authors: Анисимов Михаил Николаевич , Гудимчук Никита Борисович
Published: October 2020

Микротрубочки - каркасные внутриклеточные структуры из белка тубулина. Эти динамичные белковые нити обладают необычными механическими свойствами и уникальной способностью спонтанно переключаться между фазами удлинения и укорочения, что позволяет им вместе с другими внутриклеточными полимерами обеспечивать «домашнее хозяйство» клетки и правильное разделение хромосом во время ее деления. Ключевая роль динамики микротрубочек в клеточном делении делает тубулин одной из самых успешных мишеней для противоопухолевых препаратов, разнообразие которых сейчас очень велико. Представленный здесь «зоопарк» ингибиторов динамики микротрубочек отражает разновидности существующих молекул, способных влиять на свойства тубулина, приводя к остановке деления клеток. Предлагаем познакомиться с основными представителями ингибиторов тубулина, каждый из которых обладает уникальными свойствами. Несмотря на десятки лет исследований, большинство ингибиторов все еще не имеют полностью установленных механизмов действия. В нашем обзоре мы рассмотрим некоторые современные методы, которые позволяют изучать особенности взаимодействия ингибиторов и микротрубочек, и расскажем об актуальных загадках и нерешенных проблемах в этой области биофизики.
Прогнозы народонаселения: критика статьи в журнале «Ланцет», "Природа"
Authors: Бялко А.В.
Published: October 2020

В июле 2020 г журнал «Ланцет» опубликовал статью «Сценарии рождаемости, смертности, миграции и численности населения 195 стран и территорий с 2017 до 2100 г: предсказания глобальных следствий болезней», в которой предсказывалось, что численность населения Земли превысит свой максимум примерно к 2064 г Первый, кто обратил внимание на возможность того, что численность человечества превысит свой максимум, а затем уменьшится, видимо был индийский ученый С.Саньял. В 2011 г. он опубликовал статью «Конец роста населения», вко-торой писал: «Если коэффициент рождаемости упадет до 1.6 (это нынешний среднеевропейский уровень), то в 2050 г. численность населения мира достигнет 8.1 млрд, а затем упадет до 6.2 млрд в 2100 г». Такой же вывод о приближении максимума численности населения в середине текущего столетия с результатами, близкими к статье «Ланцета», содержится в моей статье 2018 г, где будущее народонаселения представлено в виде графиков с распределением возможных ошибок. Они были получены путем экстраполяции данных об изменении численности населения с 1950 по 2017 г Поскольку эта же база данных используется в статье журнала «Ланцет», это совпадение неудивительно. Однако в моей статье есть более сильное утверждение: прогнозы численности населения мира далее 2060-2080 гг вообще невозможны, поскольку экстраполяция предыдущих данных становится нестабильной. Это ограничение, похоже, справедливо и для статьи «Ланцета»: смертность от коронави-руса изменит статистику продолжительности жизни по меньшей мере для всей Европы и Америки. Когда будут рассчитаны базовые результаты численности населения за 2020 г, прогноз необходимо будет значительно скорректировать.
Developing extruded seed pellets to overcome soil hydrophobicity and seedling emergence barriers
Authors: Ritchie Alison L. , Stevens Jason C. , Erickson Todd E.
Published: October 2020

1. Globally, soil water repellency is a major constraint to plant establishment, restricting water infiltration and moisture retention in the seed zone which results in poor germination and seedling emergence.

2. To address this problem within an ecosystem restoration context, we investigated the use of a surfactant in extruded seed pellets to improve native plant recruitment in water‐repellent topsoils of two proteaceous woodland species, Banksia menziesii R.Br (glasshouse trial) and Lambertia inermis R.Br (field trial). In this two‐part study, we first examined B. menziesii seedling performance in detail under glasshouse conditions for differences in survival between the extruded pelleting formulations after an induced drought at 12 weeks.

3. We demonstrated that there was no difference in seedling emergence amongst control seed and pellet treatments in B. menziesii. Initially, B. menziesii seedlings emerged faster in the control treatment (non‐pelleted control seeds) and had greater initial plant growth (leaf and root production), however by Week 12, seedlings generated from pellets were not significantly different from the control seeds and pellets + surfactant had the greatest number of leaf establishment.

4. Survival after drought of B. menziesii seedlings ranged from 14 to 31 days with pellet + surfactant surviving approximately 2.6 days (11.8%) longer than the control seeds. For the second species, L. inermis, seedling emergence under field conditions was approximately 24% greater in seedlings derived from extruded pellets; however, there was no difference in overall survival due to post‐emergence predation.

5. This study provides a proof of concept that seedling emergence in water‐repellent soils can be enhanced with extruded pellets containing surfactants. Our demonstration under in situ and ex situ conditions confirms the prospective use of seed enhancement technologies with future development and field‐testing warranted.
Historically Black Colleges and Universities Supporting Veterans and Servicemembers: Insights From the Past in Preparation for the Future
Authors: Alston Geleana D. , Smith Shon D. , Collins Danya
Published: October 2020

Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) have a history of providing a welcoming space for veterans and is important for HBCUs to continue fostering an affirming educational space for this special student population. This article focuses on current veteran‐friendly practices within HBCUs. Specifically, we provide an overview of the historical footprint of HBCUs and military education. In addition, we illuminate six HBCUs that are distinguished within the 2020–2021 Military Friendly® listing. We conclude this article with future considerations for HBCUs as they continue to enrich their campuses to affirm veterans, servicemembers, and their families.
Expressive Writing for Veterans in Transition
Authors: Ott Jim E.
Published: October 2020

Educators are encouraged to engage military veterans enrolling in college in the use of expressive writing and related assignments as curriculum interventions to assist these student veterans in their transition from military to civilian life. This article describes semester‐long studies conducted in 2015, 2016, and 2017 in college classrooms consisting of student veterans enrolled in a unique for‐credit freshman‐level English composition and reading course.
Student Veteran Engagement in Online Education
Authors: Kirchner Michael J. , Pepper Stephen
Published: October 2020

This chapter is a case study of how a community college located in the Midwestern United States has worked to increase student veterans’ engagement with the campus community while simultaneously being enrolled in online degree programs. Student veterans experience unique transition challenges from the military into college. Moreover, the transition issues can be unintentionally exacerbated when student veterans enroll in degree programs offered entirely online. We consider strategies colleges can use to increase engagement of veterans primarily enrolled in online degree programs and outline their implementation. In addition, a discussion and corresponding challenges are outlined to help higher education administrators implement the engagement strategies with student veterans on their own campus. By developing a structured engagement system, higher education administrators can alleviate some of the transition issues plaguing student veterans and in turn improve engagement, retention, and graduation rates.
A Guide for Training Organizations to Promote Veteran‐Friendly Practices
Authors: Kirchner Michael J. , Minnis Sarah E. , Stull Faith
Published: October 2020

While few organizations would willingly identify as being unfriendly to veterans, articulating what being veteran friendly means is an ongoing challenge. As such, organization leaders may struggle to explain the term, beyond reporting a need to support military veterans. This knowledge gap could contribute toward the high turnover rates of military veterans, particularly within their first 2 years of employment. To lessen these struggles, the authors propose a framework focused on building and sustaining a veteran‐friendly organization. The framework provides an opportunity for organization leaders to improve their knowledge and preparation for creating a lasting veteran‐friendly culture. The paper introduces veteran employment challenges, offers a review of literature on veteran‐friendly organizations, details the proposed framework on veteran‐friendly practices, and concludes with a reflection on the framework and implications for organizations and scholars interested in supporting veteran career transitions.
Cross verification of independent dose recalculation, log files based, and phantom measurement‐based pretreatment quality assurance for volumetric modulated arc therapy
Authors: Han Ce , Yi Jinling , Zhu Kecheng , Zhou Yongqiang , Ai Yao , Zheng Xiaomin , Xie Congying , Jin Xiance
Published: October 2020

Independent treatment planning system (TPS) check with Mobius3D software, log files based quality assurance (QA) with MobiusFX, and phantom measurement‐based QA with ArcCHECK were performed and cross verified for head‐and‐neck (17 patients), chest (16 patients), and abdominal (19 patients) cancer patients who underwent volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). Dosimetric differences and percentage gamma passing rates (%GPs) were evaluated and compared for this cross verification. For the dosimetric differences in planning target volume (PTV) coverage, there was no significant difference among TPS vs. Mobius3D, TPS vs. MobiusFX, and TPS vs. ArcCHECK. For the dosimetric differences in organs at risks (OARs), the number of metrics with an average dosimetric differences higher than ±3% for TPS vs Mobius3D, TPS vs MobiusFX, and TPS vs ArcCHECK were 1, 1, 7; 2, 1, 4; 1, 1, 5 for the patients with head‐and‐neck, abdomen, and chest cancer, respectively. The %GPs of global gamma indices for Mobius3D and MobiousFX were above 97%, while it ranged from 92% to 96% for ArcCHECK. The %GPs of individual volume‐based gamma indices were around 98% for Mobius3D and MobiousFX, except for γPTV for chest and abdominal cancer (88.9% to 92%); while it ranged from 86% to 99% for ArcCHECK. In conclusion, some differences in dosimetric metrics and gamma passing rates were observed with ArcCHECK measurement‐based QA in comparison with independent dosecheck and log files based QA. Care must be taken when considering replacing phantom measurement‐based IMRT/VMAT QA.
Costs of Joint Replacement in Osteoarthritis: A Study Using the National Joint Registry and Clinical Practice Research Datalink Data Sets
Authors: Leal Jose , Murphy Jacqueline , Garriga Cesar , Delmestri Antonella , Rangan Amar , Price Andrew , Carr Andrew , Prieto‐Alhambra Daniel , Judge Andrew
Published: October 2020

Objective

To estimate the costs of primary hip and knee replacement in individuals with osteoarthritis up to 2 years postsurgery, compare costs before and after the surgery, and identify predictors of hospital costs.

Methods

Patients age ≥18 years with primary planned hip or knee replacements and osteoarthritis in England between 2008 and 2016 were identified from the National Joint Registry and linked with Hospital Episode Statistics data containing inpatient episodes. Primary care data linked with hospital outpatient records were also used to identify patients age ≥18 years with primary hip or knee replacements between 2008 and 2016. All health care resource use was valued using 2016/2017 costs, and nonparametric censoring methods were used to estimate total 1‐year and 2‐year costs.

Results

We identified 854,866 individuals undergoing hip or knee replacement. The mean censor‐adjusted 1‐year hospitalization costs for hip and knee replacement were £7,827 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 7,813, 7,842) and £7,805 (95% CI 7,790, 7,818), respectively. Complications and revisions were associated with up to a 3‐fold increase in 1‐year hospitalization costs. The censor‐adjusted 2‐year costs were £9,258 (95% CI 9,233, 9,280) and £9,452 (95% CI 9,430, 9,475) for hip and knee replacement, respectively. Adding primary and outpatient care, the mean total hip and knee replacement 2‐year costs were £11,987 and £12,578, respectively.

Conclusion

There are significant costs following joint replacement. Revisions and complications accounted for considerable costs and there is a significant incentive to identify best approaches to reduce these.
Data‐Driven Patient Clustering and Differential Clinical Outcomes in the Brigham and Women’s Rheumatoid Arthritis Sequential Study Registry
Authors: Curtis Jeffrey R. , Weinblatt Michael , Saag Kenneth , Bykerk Vivian P. , Furst Daniel E. , Fiore Stefano , St John Gregory , Kimura Toshio , Zheng Shen , Bingham Clifton O. , Wright Grace , Bergman Martin , Nola Kamala , Charles‐Schoeman Christina , Shadick Nancy
Published: October 2020

Objective

To use unbiased, data‐driven, principal component (PC) and cluster analysis to identify patient phenotypes of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that might exhibit distinct trajectories of disease progression, response to treatment, and risk for adverse events.

Methods

Patient demographic, socioeconomic, health, and disease characteristics recorded at entry into a large, single‐center, prospective observational registry cohort, the Brigham and Women’s Rheumatoid Arthritis Sequential Study (BRASS), were harmonized using PC analysis to reduce dimensionality and collinearity. The number of PCs was established by eigenvalue >1, cumulative variance, and interpretability. The resulting PCs were used to cluster patients using a K‐means approach. Longitudinal clinical outcomes were compared between the clusters over 2 years.

Results

Analysis of 142 variables from 1,443 patients identified 41 PCs that accounted for 77% of the cumulative variance in the data set. Cluster analysis distinguished 5 patient clusters: 1) less RA disease activity/multimorbidity, shorter RA duration, lower incidence of comorbidities; 2) less RA disease activity/multimorbidity, longer RA duration, more infections, psychiatric comorbidities, health care utilization; 3) moderate RA disease activity/multimorbidity, more neurologic comorbidity; 4) more RA disease activity/multimorbidity, shorter RA duration, more metabolic comorbidity, higher body mass index; 5) more RA disease activity/multimorbidity, longer RA duration, more hepatic, orthopedic comorbidity and RA‐related surgeries. The clusters exhibited differences in clinical outcomes over 2 years of follow‐up.

Conclusion

Data‐driven analysis of the BRASS registry identified 5 distinct phenotypes of RA. These results illustrate the potential of data‐driven patient profiling as a tool to support personalized medicine in RA. Validation in an independent data set is ongoing.
Intrinsic Structure Modification of Electrode Materials for Aqueous Metal‐Ion and Metal‐Air Batteries
Authors: Ling Wei , Wang Hua , Chen Zhe , Ji Zhenyuan , Wang Jiaqi , Wei Jun , Huang Yan
Published: October 2020

In consideration of low cost, simple operation, safe reliability, and environmental benignity, aqueous rechargeable batteries (ARBs) have attracted great interest among portable electronic devices, energy storage, and power source batteries. As the key components of ARBs, the electrode materials lead to a crucial effect for the overall battery properties, such as working voltage, electrocatalytic activity, capacity, and cycling stability. However, owing to the highly reactive aqueous environment, the electrode materials typically demonstrate a series of issues, including active material dissolution, structural instability, and poor catalytic activity, restricting their application. So far, several researchers have devoted much effort to improve the properties of electrode materials for ARBs. In particular, intrinsic structure modification in terms of vacancy regulation, interlayer engineering, and element doping have been applied to optimize the electronic and phase structure of electrode materials, contributing to elevated ion diffusion, fast charge transfer, and adequate active sites for electrochemical reaction. In this review, recent reports are demonstrated about the intrinsic structure modification of electrode materials in aqueous metal‐ion and metal‐air batteries, focusing on various regulation strategies and functional mechanisms. Finally, a brief conclusion and perspective is presented to demonstrate constructive suggestions and opinions for further research.
Ion‐Selective Electrocatalysis on Conducting Polymer Electrodes: Improving the Performance of Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Vagin Mikhail , Che Canyan , Gueskine Viktor , Berggren Magnus , Crispin Xavier
Published: October 2020

The selective ion transport characteristics of a conducting polymer electrode, based on poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), is evaluated with respect to its electrocatalytic performance, specifically targeting redox switching of quinone couples. Employing model organic redox quinones, here, the novel phenomenon of ion‐selective electrocatalysis (ISEC) is conceptualized. The effect of ISEC is studied and evaluated using two forms of PEDOT electrodes, which differ in their ion‐exchange characteristics, by comparing the redox transformations of catechol and tiron. It is rationalized that the choice of the specific redox couple and the ion selectivity characteristics of the conducting polymer electrode impacts the activation losses in aqueous organic redox‐flow batteries. By carefully selecting and designing the conducting polymer electrodes, high conversion efficiency on acid‐resistant electrodes is obtained. As far as it is known, this is the first redox flow battery to include conducting polymer electrodes operating in both the posolyte and negolyte configurations, thus the first “all‐organic” RFBs.
Renoprotective Angiographic Polymersomes
Authors: Liu Danqing , Cornel Erik Jan , Du Jianzhong
Published: October 2020

Computed tomography (CT) angiography is powerful for the diagnosis of vascular diseases. Unfortunately, this method usually requires a high dosage of iodinated contrast agents, which can lead to severe elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels within kidneys. This causes oxidative stress, apoptosis, and hence contrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN), a leading cause of iatrogenic renal failure, especially for patients with renal insufficiency. Herein, a route is shown to circumvent such problems with the usage of rationally designed renoprotective angiographic polymersomes (RAPs) as blood pool CT contrast agents. RAPs are biodegradable nanoparticles prepared via self‐assembly of poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐poly(triiodobenzoic chloride‐conjugated polylysine‐stat‐phenylboronic acid pinacol ester‐conjugated polylysine) (PEO45‐b‐P[(Lys‐IBC)45‐stat‐(Lys‐PAPE)15]). The key to the efficiency of such nanoparticles as renoprotective contrast agents arises from the rationally chosen repeat units: Lys‐IBC exhibits a concentration‐dependent X‐ray attenuation capability and Lys‐PAPE introduces an ROS‐scavenging ability to the polymersome. The study shows that RAPs can reduce the risk of CIN in mice with kidney injury. Additionally, a 5‐fold increase in angiographic live time is observed using RAPs, compared to commonly used iodinated small molecule contrast agents. In summary, a new strategy is proposed for the design of a renoprotective angiographic contrast agent that is capable of reducing the risk of CIN.
Engineered Full‐Length Fibronectin–Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels for Stem Cell Engineering
Authors: Trujillo Sara , Vega Sebastián L. , Song Kwang Hoon , San Félix Ana , Dalby Matthew J. , Burdick Jason A. , Salmeron‐Sanchez Manuel
Published: October 2020

Mechanical cues induce a variety of downstream effects on cells, including the regulation of stem cell behavior. Cell fate is typically characterized on biomaterial substrates where mechanical and chemical properties can be precisely tuned; however, most of these substrates do not recapitulate the biological complexity of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Here, hydrogels are engineered for mechanobiological studies using two major components of the ECM: hyaluronic acid (HA) and fibronectin (FN). Rather than typical surface chemisorption of FN to substrates, the system contains full‐length FN covalently crosslinked to HA throughout the hydrogel. The control over the mechanical properties of the hydrogel independent of the concentration of FN and the ability to culture viable cells either on top or encapsulated within the hydrogels are shown. Interestingly, human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) experience an increase in nuclear translocation of the yes‐associated protein (YAP) to the nucleus when cultured on (2D) substrates with increasing amounts of FN while maintaining constant hydrogel stiffness. However, this FN dependence on nuclear YAP translocation is not observed for MSCs encapsulated in (3D) hydrogels. This work develops complex hydrogels that recapitulate features of the ECM for the control of stem cells in both 2D and 3D environments.
Cell‐Membrane‐Display Nanotechnology
Authors: Wang Yulan , Zhang Peng , Wei Yan , Shen Kailun , Xiao Leyi , Miron Richard J , Zhang Yufeng
Published: October 2020

Advances in material science have set the stage for nanoparticle‐based research with potent applications for the diagnosis, bioimaging, and precise treatment of diseases. Despite the wide range of biomaterials developed, the rational design of biomaterials with predictable bioactivity and safety remains a critical challenge. In recent years, the field of cell‐membrane‐based therapeutics has emerged as a promising platform for addressing unmet medical needs. The utilization of natural cell membranes endows biomaterials with a remarkable ability to serve as biointerfaces that interact with the host environment. To improve the function and efficacy of cell‐membrane‐based therapeutics, a series of novel strategies is developed as cell‐membrane‐display nanotechnology, which utilizes various methods to selectively display therapeutic molecules of cell membranes on nanoparticles. Although cell‐membrane‐display nanotechnology remains in the early phases, considerable work is currently being conducted in the field. This review discusses details of innovative strategies for displaying cell‐membrane molecules, including the following: 1) displaying molecules of cell membranes on biomaterials, 2) pretreating cell membranes to induce increased expression of inherent molecules of cell membranes and enhance their function, and 3) inserting additional functional molecules on cell membranes. For each area, the theoretical basis, application scenarios, and potential development are highlighted.
Efficient Drug Delivery Carrier Surface without Unwanted Adsorption Using Sulfobetaine Zwitterion
Authors: Jung Sungwon , Park Sohyeon , Choi Daheui , Hong Jinkee
Published: October 2020

Many studies describing the high colloidal stability and antifouling effects of zwitterion nanoparticles are reported; however, to date, disadvantages including complex synthetic methods and lack of methods for hydration layer analysis persist. In this study, zwitterion nanoparticles (SiZwit) are synthesized using (3‐aminopropyl)triethoxysilane and 1,3‐propane sultone and the hydration layer and colloidal stability of SiZwit are analyzed. Investigation of dipole–dipole interactions between zwitterion nanoparticles and H2O molecules reveals that a stronger hydration layer is formed on the SiZwit. The antifouling effect of SiZwit increases by more than 80–90% due to the hydration layer. The colloidal stability in deionized water, phosphate‐buffered saline, and in cell growth media increases more than fourfold compared to the bare silica nanoparticle (SiOH), and amine‐functionalized silica nanoparticle (SiNH2). No cell cytotoxicity of SiZwit is observed and cellular uptake for normal cells and macrophages is significantly reduced. Moreover, as seen from the drug loading and release profile of SiZwit, a fourfold increase in drug loading and sustained release is observed because of stable electrostatic interactions compared to SiOH and SiNH2.