bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The genome architecture of a copepod invading novel habitats
Authors: Du Zhenyong , Gelembiuk Gregory , Moss Wynne , Tritt Andrew , Lee Carol Eunmi
Published: September 2023

With climate change, salinity is rapidly changing in marine and freshwater habitats throughout the globe. In addition, many of the most destructive aquatic invaders are crossing salinity boundaries. Populations of the copepod Eurytemora affinis species complex are numerically dominant and highly invasive, with the exceptional capacity to rapidly invade and adapt to novel salinities. Prior studies have found striking patterns of parallel adaptation in E. affinis complex populations, with selection acting on the same sets of ion transporter genes during independent saline to freshwater invasions. Our chromosome-level genome of Eurytemora carolleeae (Atlantic clade of the E. affinis complex) revealed a peculiar genome
architecture that might contribute to its remarkable capacity to acclimate and evolve during salinity invasions. We assembled the highest quality copepod genome to date, using high-coverage PacBio and Hi-C sequencing of an inbred line generated through 30 generations of full-sib mating. Our new genome consisted of 529.3 Mb (contig N50 = 4.2 Mb, scaffold N50 = 140.6 Mb) anchored onto four chromosomes. Of its predicted 20,262 protein-coding genes, we found an extraordinary expansion of ion transporter gene families based on a comparative analysis of 13 arthropod genomes, with many of these expansions being recent. Notably, we found extreme CpG depletion of the ion transporter gene bodies,
indicating high rates of methylation at these genes and suggesting transcriptional robustness of ion transporter gene regulation. This high-quality genome provides an invaluable resource that could help yield fundamental insights into the capacity of populations to expand their ranges into novel habitats.
Are Tai Chi and Qigong Effective in the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury? A Systematic Review
Authors: Laskosky Nicole Alexandra , Huston Patricia , Lam Wai Ching , Anderson Charlotte , Zhong Linda LD
Published: September 2023

Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) adversely affects both young and old and is a growing public health concern. Several recent trends in managing TBI, such as recommending sub-threshold aerobic activity, tailoring multi-modal treatment strategies, and studying the potential role of inflammation in those with persistent symptoms, all suggest that the physical and cognitive exercise of tai chi/qigong could be beneficial. Method The following databases were searched: MEDLINE, CINAHL Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Wanfang Database, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database. Cochrane-based risk of bias assessments were conducted on all included trials. Quality of evidence was assessed using the grading of recommendation, assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) system. Results Three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and two non-RCTs were assessed. Four trials used tai chi as the intervention and one trial used qigong. Primary and secondary outcome measures significantly varied amongst all trials. Certainty of evidence by the GRADE assessment was higher for the RCTs than the non-RCTs due primarily to lower risk of bias. All four tai chi trials showed a beneficial outcome for the tai chi group. For the RoB 2.0 scores, one tai chi RCT had a low risk of bias and a high level of certainty by GRADE; one had some concerns. For the ROBINS-I scores, one non-RCTs had a moderate risk of bias and the other a serious risk of bias. The one qigong trial had a low risk of bias and a moderate level of certainty by GRADE. Conclusion Considering the high level of certainty from one RCT and the beneficial effects found in all four trials on tai chi, there is a sufficient signal to merit conducting a multi-centre trial on tai chi for TBI that will increase statistical power and test tai chi against current trends in the management of TBI. Although promising, based on a single trial, the signal for qigong is insufficient at this time; another single centre RCT is indicated. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO [CRD42022364385]
A Mendelian randomization study investigating the causal role of inflammation Cytokines on Sarcopenia
Authors: Wei Donglei , Meng Guose , Su Wei , Wei Qingjun , Cheng Jianwen , Zhao Jinmin
Published: September 2023

Background: Sarcopenia is a disorder of the skeletal muscles characterized by a reduction in muscle mass, strength, and function. This investigation investigates the potential causal connection between inflammatory cytokines and sarcopenia.
Methods: Using two genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we performed bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. The statistical analyses mainly included inverse variance-weighted (IVW), weighted median (WM), MR-Egger, Cochran's Q test, MR-Egger intercept analysis, and MR-PRESSO.
Results: By the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) criteria, we observed an inverse correlation between IL16 and sarcopenia (IL16, odds ratio [OR]: 0.971, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.948-0.995, P = 0.0199). In contrast, IL5 and MIP1b were positively associated with sarcopenia (IL5, OR: 1.063, 95% CI: 1.006-1.124, P = 0.0294; MIP1b, OR: 1.022, 95% CI: 1.001-1.043, P = 0.0375). Using the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) standard, we found an inverse association between IL16 and the risk of developing sarcopenia (IL16, OR: 0.954, 95% CI: 0.917-0.993, P = 0.0223). In contrast, MIP1b showed a positive association with the risk of sarcopenia (MIP1b, OR: 1.027, 95% CI: 1.000-1.055, P = 0.0491). We observed a weak negative correlation between IL16 and appendicular lean mass (ALM) regarding muscle mass analysis (IL16, OR: 0.990, 95% CI: 0.980-0.999, P = 0.0498). Reverse magnetic resonance analysis revealed no causal relationships between sarcopenia and IL16, IL5, or MIP1b.
Conclusion: Our research reveals a negative correlation between IL16 and genetic susceptibility to sarcopenia, indicating that IL16 protects effect on sarcopenia. In contrast, IL5 and MIP1b are positively associated with the risk of sarcopenia, suggesting they may be detrimental to muscle health.
Deep learning-based, fully automated, pediatric brain segmentation
Authors: Kim Min-Jee , Hong EunPyeong , Yum Mi-Sun , Lee Yun-Jeong , Kim jinyoung , Ko Tae-Sung
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the performance of a fully automated, deep learning-based brain segmentation (DLS) method in healthy controls and in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders, SCN1Amutation, under eleven.
The whole, cortical, and subcortical volumes of previously enrolled 21 participants, under 11 years of age, with a SCN1A mutation, and 42 healthy controls, were obtained using a DLS method, and compared to volumes measured by Freesurfer with manual correction. Additionally, the volumes which were calculated with the DLS method between the patients and the control group.
The volumes of total brain gray and white matter using DLS method were consistent with that volume which were measured by Freesurfer with manual correction in healthy controls. Among 68 cortical parcellated volume analysis, the volumes of only 7 areas measured by DLS methods were significantly different from that measured by Freesurfer with manual correction, and the differences decreased with increasing age in the subgroup analysis. The subcortical volume measured by the DLS method was relatively smaller than that of the Freesurfer volume analysis. Further, the DLS method could perfectly detect the reduced volume identified by the Freesurfer software and manual correction in patients with SCN1A mutations, compared with healthy controls.
In a pediatric population, this new, fully automated DLS method is compatible with the classic, volumetric analysis with Freesurfer software and manual correction, and it can also well detect brain morphological changes in children with a neurodevelopmental disorder.
Influence Factors and Prognostic Analysis of Peri-Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Premature Infants using Cranial Ultrasound
Authors: GU Jiaojiao , Liu Chen , Yao Shixiang , Wang Hongying , Yu Hongkui
Published: September 2023

Background
Peri-intraventricular hemorrhage (PIVH) remains a significant cause of mortality in premature infants. This study aimed to grade PIVH using cranial ultrasound and identify relevant factors associated with PIVH grading, with the objective of developing an assessment model to predict the risk of mortality in PIVH premature infants.
Methods
Relevant factors were analyzed to determine their correlation with the severity of PIVH. Logistic regression models and a nomogram were constructed to predict mortality before discharge in premature infants with PIVH.
Results
The results revealed significant associations between gestational age at birth, birth weight, 5-minute Apgar score, invasive ventilation on day 1, mortality before discharge, and length of stay with different degrees of PIVH. A regression model incorporating gestational age at birth, birth weight, and invasive ventilation on day 1 was established to predict the risk of mortality before discharge in premature infants with PIVH.
Conclusions
Low gestational age at birth, low birth weight, low 5-minute Apgar score, and invasive ventilation on day 1 are risk factors for severe PIVH in premature infants. The logistic regression model developed in this study may assist in the early clinical identification of mortality risk in premature infants.
Synthesis of 2,9-dihydropyrano[2,3-b]-indoles via intramolecular Oxa-6π-electrocyclization reaction from synthesized 3-allylideneindolin-2-one intermediates
Authors: Varnakesh Parisa Abbasi , Azizian Javad
Published: September 2023

intramolecular Oxa-6π-electrocyclization reaction are described for 3-allylideneindolin-2-one derivatives in the presence of easily prepared B(HSO4)3 catalyst and their conversion to 2,9-dihydropyrano[2,3-b]-indoles in up to 72% yield under mild condition. 3-allylideneindolin-2-one has been obtained from the reaction of isatin and 1,3-dichloropropene. comfortable synthetic conversions of the products readily lead to pharmacologically interesting numerous functional groups.
Condom use and related factors among 281 MSM in Chengdu, China during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Yang BiHui , Li Yuan , Li Na , He Jia , Liang Shu , YANG YI
Published: September 2023

Background During Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, as a sexual minority group, men who have sex with men (MSM) faced risks of COVID-19 and HIV infection at the same time. However, there is no in-depth study on the MSM with their homosexual regular and casual partners during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study is to explore condom use and related factors among MSM during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to provide suggestions for MSM intervention strategies in the post-pandemic era. Methods A cross-sectional study design was used to study the condom use of MSM with regular and casual homosexual partners. Logistic regression was used to analyze related factors of MSM 's consistent condom use, including basic information, HIV/AIDS-related knowledge, HIV/AIDS-related stigma, sexual behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic and self-efficacy of condom use. Results During the COVID-19 pandemic, 112 (65.1%) of 172 MSM having regular homosexual partners insisted on using condoms when having sex with regular homosexual partners, and 119 (66.5%) of 179 MSM with casual homosexual partners. Logistic regression showed that the protective factors of condom use among MSM with their regular partners were self-employed or other occupations (OR = 4.857, 95%CI = 1.008–23.410 ), personal monthly income ≥ 5000 yuan (OR = 9.947, 95%CI = 1.198–82.615), self-reported as bisexuality (OR = 7.290, 95%CI = 1.693–31.395), fear of COVID-19 infection through sexual behavior (OR = 6.822, 95%CI = 1.291–36.067), and high score of condom use efficacy (OR = 1.200, 95% CI = 1.124–1.281). The risk factors were awareness of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge (OR = 0.049, 95%CI = 0.006–0.417) and having heterosexual sex (OR = 0.220, 95%CI = 0.051–0.95). The high score of condom use efficacy (OR = 1.123, 95%CI = 1.069–1.181) was also the protective factor of consistent condom use between MSM with casual homosexual partners, and the risk factors were urban household registration (OR = 0.368, 95%CI = 0.14–0.968), living with family members (OR = 0.261, 95%CI = 0.08–0.849), high score of HIV/AIDS-related stigma (OR = 0.921, 95%CI = 0.848-1), and heterosexual sex (OR = 0.253, 95%CI = 0.076–0.847). Conclusions During the COVID-19 pandemic, MSM had a moderate level of consistent condom use with homosexual regular and casual partners. The use of condom is affected by general demographic characteristics, social psychology, sexual behavior, and other factors, especially in the psychological aspect. Health workers in relevant departments such as disease control and prevention should focus on the psychological problems of MSM, especially in the outbreak of major public health events. Health workers should actively guide and solve MSM’s negative emotions, so as to improve the condom use of MSM during this period.
Predictors of neonatal mortality among neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Sidama regional state, Ethiopia
Authors: Taye Kefyalew , Kebede Yenew , Tsegaw Desalegn , Ketema Worku
Published: September 2023

Background Despite promising efforts, substantial deaths occurred during the neonatal period. According to estimates from the World Health Organization(WHO), Ethiopia is among the top 10 nations with the highest number of neonatal deaths in 2020 alone. This staggering amount makes it difficult to achieve the SDG (Sustainable Development Goals) target that calls for all nations to work hard to meet a neonatal mortality rate target of ≤ 12 deaths per 1,000 live births by 2030. We evaluated neonatal mortality and it's contributing factors among newborns admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (HUCSH). Methods A hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study on neonates admitted to the NICU from May 2021 to April 2022 was carried out at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. From the admitted 1044 cases over the study period, 225 babies were sampled using a systematic random sampling procedure. The relationship between variables was determined using bivariate and multivariable analyses, and statistically significant relations were indicated at p-values less than 0.05.Results: The magnitude of neonatal death was 14.2% (95% CI: 0.099–0.195). The most common causes of neonatal death were prematurity 14 (43.8%), sepsis 9 (28.1%), Perinatal asphyxia 6 (18.8%), and congenital malformations 3 (9.4%). The overall neonatal mortality rate was 28 per 1000 neonate days. Neonates who had birth asphyxia were 7.28 times more probable (AOR = 7.28; 95% CI: 2.367, 9.02) to die. Newborns who encountered infection within the NICU were 8.17 times more likely (AOR = 8.17; 95% CI: 1.84, 36.23) to die. Conclusion The prevalence of newborn death is excessively high. To remedy the disparities that have been identified, we demand that antenatal care services be implemented appropriately, delivery care quality be improved, and appropriate neonatal care and treatment be made available.
Geographic Inequalities and Determinants of Aneamia among Preeclamptic Women in Bangladesh
Authors: Ali Md. Ahasan , Islam Jahirul , Paul Ratna , Parvin Shahinur , Chowdhury Abu Taiub Mohammed Mohiuddin , Islam Rafiqul , Siddique Sharmina , Rahman Md Atiqur , Tasnim Sayeda Tamanna , Hasna Suraiya
Published: September 2023

Background
Anaemia is among preeclamptic women's main health problems in Bangladesh. Aneamia affects pregnant women and women of reproductive age who have hemoglobin levels below 11.0 g/dl. In Bangladesh, the prevalence of aneamia among pregnant women is 42.2%, compared to a global incidence of 38.2%, which raises a major public health concern.
Methods
Information from 180 respondents was gathered from the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Preeclampsia (PE) ward at Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), Dhaka, Bangladesh, between September 2021 and August 2022 [Ethical approval Ref: Memo No. ERC-DMC/ECC/2022/31]. Factors associated with aneamia were explored using the chi-square test, and then we performed multinomial logistic regression (MLR) to determine the level of association with the risk factors. We further conducted cluster analysis, Global Moran’s I, and Anselin local Moran’s I to check the geographical distribution of anaemia cases from our sample.
Results
Early and late PE onset were recorded and classified into two categories; 28.9% of respondents reported an early onset of PE, while 71.1% reported a late onset of PE. A total of 38.9% of subjects had normal hemoglobin counts, whereas 38.3% had mild aneamia. A total of 17.8% had moderate aneamia, and 5.0% had severe aneamia. By performing MLR, anaemia had a statistically significant association with several underlying factors, e.g., recreational substance use (RR = 83.093, 95% CI- 3.351 to 2060.315), gestational age (RR = 10.235, 95% CI- 1.478 to 70.879), gestational diabetes mellitus (RR = 4.906, 95% CI- 1.920 to 12.532), pregnancy interval (RR = 4.374, 95% CI- 1.338 to 4.303), education (RR = 3.448, 95% CI- 1.542 to 7.709), profession (RR = 0.263, 95% CI- 0.109 to 0.635), parity (RR = 0.117, 95% CI- 0.026 to 0.529), and respondent age (RR = 0.160, 95% CI- 0.032 to 0.802). Higher incidence rates for all kinds of aneamia were observed in the Dhaka, Narayanganj, and Munshiganj districts. The global Moran’s I value ranged from 0.14 to 0.44, and high-high cluster regions were detected in the central region.
Conclusions
The risk factors indicated in this study and geographical inequalities will help policymakers take necessary steps. The geographical distribution of the incidence rate raises concern for further research, including sociodemographic and environmental factors. This will assist in determining the determinants of aneamia and suggest possible measures.
How to solve the risk of fiscal burden of the medical insurance fund? Simulation analysis under the universal three-child policy in China
Authors: Zhang Xinjie , Yu Xia , Mao Enrong
Published: September 2023

Background
The aging population poses a huge challenge to the health care system and puts great burden on the financial operation, and has become a common problem faced by countries around the world. Will the implementation of the universal three-child policy enhance the sustainability of medical insurance funds? How to effectively relieve the financial burden?
Method
This study analyzes the sustainability of the medical insurance fund and the financial burden under different fertility levels of the universal three-child policy by constructing a dynamic population projection model and an actuarial model of medical insurance.
Results
Compared with the current fertility policy (fertility rate 1.3), under the adjusted fertility policy (fertility rate 1.4-3.0), the occurrence of the current deficit and accumulated deficit of the medical insurance fund will be gradually postponed, and the fiscal subsidies burden will be significantly alleviated.
Conclusions
The universal three-child policy is conducive to improving the sustainability of the medical insurance fund and reducing the financial pressure, and the effect is more obvious at higher fertility levels. Considering the time-lag of the fertility policy, medical cost control and outpatient co-payment policies should be promoted simultaneously to improve the efficiency of fund utilization and the modernization of medical insurance governance by adjusting the stock.
Trimatch comparison of the prognosis of hypochloremia, normolchloremia and hyperchloremia in patients with septic shock
Authors: Ruan Xiangyuan , Yifan Gao , Wang Baoxin , Wu Jinmei , Yu Xueshu , Lai Xiaojuan
Published: September 2023

Background
Septic shock is a lethal disease, and identifying high-risk patients through noninvasive and widely available biomarkers can help improve global outcomes. While the clinical impact of chloride levels on critically ill patients remains unclear, this study aims to investigate the association between hypochloremia and mortality following ICU admission among septic shock patients.
Methods
This is an analysis of data stored in the databases of Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV). The initial chloride levels were classified as hypochloremia, normal chloraemia, and hyperchloraemia. A multivariate logistic regression model was applied, adjusting for age, lactate, pH, PO2, urine volume, RDW, creatinine, and liver disease, to assess the association between the three categories of chloride levels and mortality.
Results
Of 3726 patients included in the study, 470 patients (12.6%) had hypochloremia on ICU admission. During the follow-up period, 1120 (33.5%) patients died. Hypochloremia was significantly associated with increased mortality and the incidence of AKI after adjusting for several variables.
Conclusions
Hypochloremia is independently associated with higher hospital mortality, AKI incidence among septic shock patients. However, further high-quality research is necessary to establish the precise relationship between hypochloremia and septic shock prognosis.
Success skills for the 50/50-split-model: Practicable skills parents can apply in their daily routine to successfully implement an equal split of paid work, childcare, and housework between each other. A qualitative content analysis
Authors: Schaber Ronja , Simm Josefine , Patella Tirza , Garthus-Niegel Susan
Published: September 2023

Background: Many young couples are planning to share paid work, childcare, and housework equally between each other. But implementing such a 50/50-split-model is difficult and parents often return to traditional gender role distributions after the birth of a child. This return has potential negative effects on mental health, physical health, and relationship satisfaction. Therefore, this study aims to find practicable skills in the daily routine for new parents to successfully implement the 50/50-split-model.
Methods: This qualitative study, DREAMTALK, is part of the multi-method, prospective Dresden Study on Parenting, Work, and Mental Health (DREAM). For DREAMTALK, N = 25 parents implementing a 50/50-split-model were selected based on quantitative data regarding time use, which participants had provided in questionnaires. In DREAMTALK, problem-centered interviews were conducted with the selected sample at 17 months postpartum. Those were analyzed via qualitative content analysis, which is systematic, rule-guided, and based on the criteria of validity and reliability.
Results: The qualitative content analysis revealed a catalog of 38 practicable skills to manage daily routine, which can help parents to successfully implement a 50/50-split-model. Individual participants used 23 success skills on average. Examples include having a regular coordination appointment with the other parent, planning foresightedly, flexibility, reducing cleaning, optimization of routes, or moderate split-shift parenting. Some of these skills seem opposing, e.g., planning foresightedly, and at the same time, meeting unpredicted changes with flexibility. Those seemingly opposing skills were well balanced by the participants, which was an additional skill.
Conclusions: The success skills are focusing on strategies parents can use relatively independently of external circumstances. This behavioral perspective extends prior theories, which have focused on explaining unequal gender role distributions with external circumstances. A behavioral perspective can be a gateway to assist more parents to pioneer in implementing the 50/50-split-model, which might in turn lead to a healthier and more satisfied public population.
Seizures in febrile children with SARS-CoV-2 infection: clinical features, short-term follow-up
Authors: Jiang Jipeng , Sheng Zhengsong , Cao Jie
Published: September 2023

Background: With the emergence of the Omicron variant of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the neurological manifestations associated with this epidemic have garnered increasing attention. The main objective of this study was to compare seizures in febrile children with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection and to conduct short-term follow-up of the SARS-CoV-2-infected patients.
Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients admitted to the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University for fever and seizures between October 1 and December 30, 2022.Based on the results of SARS-CoV-2 Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction(RT-PCR), the patients were divided into a Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) positive group and a COVID-19 negative group.In addition, we followed up COVID-19-positive patients for 3 months after their discharge from the hospital.The follow-up included monitoring for post-discharge seizures.
Results: Compared with the COVID-19-negative group, the COVID-19-positive group had a higher proportion of seizure duration ≥ 15 minutes(18.7%VS5.1%;P=0.001), seizure ≥ 2 time (54.4%VS41.0%;P=0.024), status epilepticus(15.4%VS5.1%;P=0.005), and Electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities(29.4%VS13.6%;P=0.016). Among the 161 individuals under follow-up, 21 (13.0%)experienced a reoccurrence of seizures.
Conclusions: Although the incidence of seizure duration ≥15 minutes, number of seizures ≥2 time, and status epilepticus was higher in the COVID-19-positive group, the majority of patients had a favorable prognosis.However, patients with COVID-19 who present with seizures and persistent impaired consciousness need to be alerted to serious neurological disorders such as acute necrotizing encephalopathy.Since some patients may experience a recurrence of seizures within a short period of time, it is important to provide education to guardians about the emergency management of seizures and to follow up with patients over time.
Improvement of multilineage hematopoiesis in hematopoietic stem cell-transferred c-kit mutant NOG-EXL humanized mice
Authors: Ito Ryoji , Ohno Yusuke , Mu Yunmei , Ka Yuyo , Ito Shuko , Emi-Sugie Maiko , Mochizuki Misa , Kawai Kenji , Goto Motohito , Ogura Tomoyuki , Takahashi Riichi , Niwa Akira , Nakahata Tatsutoshi , Ito Mamoru
Published: September 2023

Human hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-transferred humanized mice are valuable for exploring human hematology and immunology. However, sufficient recapitulation of human hematopoiesis in mice requires large quantities of enriched human CD34+ HSCs and total body irradiation for adequate engraftment. Recently, we generated a NOG mouse strain with a point mutation in the c-kit tyrosine kinase domain (W41 mutant; NOGW mice). Herein, we first examined the potential of NOGW mice for reconstituting human hematopoietic cells. Irradiated NOGW mice exhibited a high engraftment level of human CD45+ cells in peripheral blood, even on transferring 5,000–10,000 CD34+ HSCs. The efficient engraftment of human CD45+ cells was also observed in non-irradiated NOGW mice transferred with 20,000–40,000 HSCs. The bone marrow (BM) of NOGW mice exhibited significantly more engrafted human HSCs or progenitor cells (CD34+CD38− or CD34+CD38+ cells) than the BM of NOG mice. Furthermore, we generated a human cytokine (interleukin-3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) transgenic NOG-W41 (NOGW-EXL) mouse to achieve multilineage reconstitution with sufficient engraftment of human hematopoietic cells. Non-irradiated NOGW-EXL mice showed significantly higher engraftment levels of human CD45+ and myeloid lineage cells, particularly granulocytes and platelets/megakaryocytes, than non-irradiated NOGW or irradiated NOG-EXL mice after human CD34+ cell transplantation. Serial BM transplantation experiments revealed that NOGW mice exhibited the highest potential for long-term HSC compared with other strains. Consequently, c-kit mutant NOGW-EXL humanized mice represent an advanced model for HSC-transferred humanized mice and hold promise for widespread application owing to their high versatility.
Factors associated with knowledge and practices regarding oxygen administration among nurses: A cross-sectional study at Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam – Tanzania
Authors: Kimario Magdalena S. , Ambikile Joel Seme , Iseselo Masunga K.
Published: September 2023

Background Oxygen is the essential WHO-approved therapy commonly used in health facilities, that requires appropriate administration according to its indication. Incorrect usage and inadequate practices of oxygen therapy may lead to complications associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Critically ill patients often need and receive supplemental oxygen, and both inadequate and excessive oxygen administration can be detrimental to their health outcomes. Nurses are key health professionals who play a big role in the administration of oxygen to critically ill individuals. Yet, little is known regarding factors that influence the administration of oxygen therapy to critically ill patients among nurses. This study aimed to assess factors influencing nurses’ knowledge and practices regarding oxygen administration to critically ill patients at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH), Dar es Salaam – Tanzania. Material and Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 208 nurses through the use of a self-administered questionnaire. Respondents were recruited using a simple random sampling method and data was analyzed with the aid of the 23rd version of SPSS software. The Chi-square test and logistic regression analyses were performed to determine factors influencing oxygen administration to critically ill patients. Ap-value of less than 0.05 was used to determine significant relationships. Result Of the 208 respondents, 120(57.7%) were female, 144(69.2%) were in the age group of 20–40, and 175(84.1%) worked in the wards. Among respondents, 96(46.2%) and 78(37.5%) had poor knowledge and practices regarding oxygen administration, respectively. Higher professional education (AOR: 1.948; CI: 1.060, 3.579;p = 0.032), shorter work experience (AOR: 2.442; CI: 1.101, 5.419;p = 0.028), and receiving in-service training on oxygen administration (AOR: 3.515; CI: 1.922, 6.428;p < 0.001) were significantly associated with good knowledge on oxygen administration. None of the sociodemographic and organizational factors were associated with practices on oxygen administration. Conclusion A substantial number of nurses had poor knowledge and practices regarding oxygen administration. On-job training and encouraging nurses to pursue higher professional education may be useful in improving nurses' knowledge of oxygen administration. Further research is needed to determine the relationship between length of work experience and knowledge of oxygen administration.
The effect of the main factors related to milk production performance on microflora varies in Holstein raw milk
Authors: xie xiulan , Cao Mei , Yan Shi-ying , Li Shu , Gao Hai-hui , Zhang Gang , Zeng Jia-yi , Zhao Jian
Published: September 2023

Background
Milk microflora is closely associated with the physiology and pathology in the mammary gland, and plays an important role in offspring development. The objective of the study was to illustrate the variation of milk microflora accompanied by the main factors related to milk performance.
Results
Milk samples were collected from 285 cows in Ningxia, China, and then microflora was explored using 16S rRNA pyrosequencing. All samples were grouped with the season (summer and winter), cow status (healthy and subclinical mastitis), farms (6 commercial dairy farms), and parity (primiparity and multiparity). The bacterial diversity, community composition, and abundance were analyzed among different groups. Also, the milk microflora among samples from summer, winter, and colostrum was compared. The results showed that the bacterial diversity of the milk varied significantly between samples from summer and winter. Higher bacterial richness was observed from summer samples than from winter samples. The gut-related genera, Parabacteroides, Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium_1, Sphingomonas, and Lactobacillus, were prevalent in summer milk samples. Although Escherichia_Shigella, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, Psychrobacter, Rhizobium, Bifidobacterium, and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 were common in winter samples. In addition, different farms exhibited differences in bacterial diversity. Subclinical mastitis increased alpha diversity and decreased the enrichment of KEGG pathways in summer. Moreover, significant differences of milk microflora were observed from summer, winter and colostrum samples.
Conclusions
The study revealed that the milk microflora varied companies with seasons, farms, health status, and parities. Also, milk from summer, winter, and colostrum showed their unique microflora characteristics.
Analytical Modeling for Segregation of Glass-Steel Composite Manufactured by Diffusion Welding
Authors: Jeong Woncheol , Gridasov Alexander
Published: September 2023

When glass and steel are welded, the glass components diffuse into the steel, resulting in a reduction in the grain size of the steel. This phenomenon, known as segregation, has received limited attention from researchers, leaving a gap in our understanding and analysis of this process. This article introduces a novel analytical model that offers a predictive approach to studying the segregation phenomenon. The validity of this model has been established through a comparison with experimental measurements, demonstrating qualitative agreement. By employing this methodology, we aim to enhance our current knowledge of segregation. The findings from this study have practical implications, not only for improving the material properties of steel based on the Hall-Petch relationship in manufacturing but also for investigating segregation in solar cells and semiconductors.
Forest thinning and prescribed burning treatments reduce wildfire severity and buffer the impacts of severe fire weather
Authors: Brodie Emily , Knapp Eric E. , Brooks Wesley , Drury Stacy A. , Ritchie Martin W.
Published: September 2023

Background:
The capacity of forest fuel treatments to limit the behavior and severity of subsequent wildfires depends on weather and fuel conditions at the time of burning. We compared the impacts of five fuel treatments—including two thin-only, a thin-burn, a burn-only, and a control—on fire severity using a 1200 hectare randomized and replicated experiment that burned almost entirely in a subsequent wildfire. We evaluated four fire severity metrics (mortality, average bole char height, percent crown volume torched [PCVT], and percent crown volume affected [PCVA]) and leveraged pre-fire surface and canopy fuels data to better understand the mechanisms driving differences in wildfire severity among treatments and how they changed with fire weather.
Results:
We found strong mitigating effects of treatments on fire behavior and tree mortality, despite 20 years having elapsed since mechanical thinning and 10 years since the second entry of prescribed fire. The thin-burn treatment resulted in the lowest fire severity across all four metrics and the untreated control the highest. Prefire canopy and surface fuel loads were associated with all four fire severity metrics, with the exception that surface fuel loads were not associated with PCVT, a fire severity metric associated with crown fire behavior. The relationship between fuel treatment effectiveness and fire weather varied among fire severity metrics, with maximum fuel treatment benefit at intermediate burning index values for tree mortality, intermediate to high burning index values for PCVA, and high burning index for bole char height and PCVT.
Conclusions:
We conclude that reducing canopy bulk density via mechanical thinning treatments can help to limit crown fire behavior for 20 years or more. However, reducing surface fuels is necessary to limit scorching and the total crown impacts associated with tree mortality. Further, while fuel treatment effectiveness may decline at the most severe fire weather for some fire severity metrics (total crown impacts and mortality), it is maximized under severe fire weather conditions for others (bole charring and torching). Our results provide strong evidence for the use of fuel treatments to mitigate fire behavior and resulting fire severity even under extreme fire weather conditions.
Variation in the gut microbiota during the early developmental stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and its correlation with feed and pond water
Authors: Zhang Jiahui , Liu Yu , Shan Shijuan , Xu Cong , An Liguo , Yang Guiwen , Wang Lei , Li Hua
Published: September 2023

Background
Fish gut microbiota undergo dynamic changes under the influence of many factors and play an important role in the nutrition, immunity and development in fish. Although common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) is an economically important freshwater fish, there are few reports on its gut microbiota changes at different early developmental stages. In the present study, the gut microbiota of common carp during the early developmental stages and its correlation with the feed and pond water flora were studied using the Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform.
Results
The results showed that the gut microbiota of common carp underwent continuous and mild changes over the development process, and the pond water environment might provide bacterial resources and have a certain influence on the changes in the gut microbiota of common carp. However, host selection pressure played a more important role in shaping the gut microbiota. Although the gut microbiota was affected by many factors, the presence of core microbiota indicated that some bacterial species adapt to the gut microenvironment of common carp and played a role in its growth process.
Conclusions
The dynamic changes of gut microbiota of carp in early development stage were related to the feed, water environment and host selection. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for healthy farming and disease prevention of common carp.
Novel Deep Neural Network for Early Prediction and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Udhan Shivganga , Patil Bankat
Published: September 2023

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are common and fatal conditions requiring early detection for reduced mortality rates. Machine learning algorithms hold promise for identifying risk factors. This study presents a comprehensive system for efficient CVD prediction and prevention. Accurate training data is generated through real-time datasets, preprocessing, and hybrid dataset creation (Cleveland, VA Long Beach, Switzerland, Hungarian, and Stat log). Feature selection optimizes prediction, including ANOVA and CHI2SQUARE methods. Classifier models (Decision Tree, Random Forest, KNN, Naïve Bayes, SVM, DNN) are trained on the hybrid dataset using class balancing and feature selection. DNN with CHI2-Square selection achieves 99.27% accuracy; CBFS-DNN on real-time data reaches 82.06%. The ongoing research develops a prevention model focusing on ten key features, aiding early CVD risk identification and tailored interventions. The system's rapid prediction in 0.05 seconds enables timely preventive actions.
Groundwater recharge sources and mechanisms in the Ethiopian central Afar rift: insights from isotopic and hydrogeochemical tracers
Authors: Fentaw Bereket , Birhanu Behailu , Azagegn Tilahun , Abebe Bekele
Published: September 2023

The study of deep groundwater recharge and its flow pattern in a continental escarpment-rift interface zones is one of the most challenging subject in the field of hydrogeology. The central Afar rift and the associated western marginal grabens and Northwestern Plateau (NWP), in northeastern Ethiopia are an excellent examples, where the groundwater recharge and flow patterns are insufficiently addressed. Existing conceptual models argued on the existence of deep groundwater recharge to the rift, considering the marginal area as an overall barrier. But the role of interacting linking zones between the marginal grabens are commonly unaccounted for. Hydrogeochemical, stable isotopes of water and knowledge of geological structures are applied to determine groundwater recharge sources and mechanisms. There is a notable difference in isotopic compositions between the deep and shallow groundwater systems resulting from difference in recharge conditions. The major ion chemistry and EC of groundwaters in some corridors of western parts of the Afar rift show a clear geochemical evolution along the flow paths. The results of stable isotope and groundwater geochemistry revealed the existence of preferential deep groundwater recharge from the NWP, across the highly fractured linking zones, to the deeper volcanic aquifers of the central Afar rift. Overall, the groundwater flow from the NWP to the Afar rift is chiefly controlled by the orientations of the faulted marginal grabens and the linking zones between them. The suggested model of this study make a significant contribution to better understand groundwater recharge mechanisms in other similar continental rift zones.
Maresin1 improves hippocampal neuroinflammation and cognitive function in septic rats by activating the SLC7A11 / GPX4 ferroptosis signaling pathway
Authors: Wu Huiping , Li Na , Peng Shuang , Fu Haiyan , Hu Zhan sheng , Su Longxiang
Published: September 2023

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a prevalent complication of sepsis, with hippocampal neuroinflammation playing a crucial role in SAE-induced cognitive impairment. Maresin1 (MaR1), a bioactive docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) metabolite, demonstrates comprehensive anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective attributes. Yet, its protective efficacy against SAE-induced cognitive decline remains unexplored. In this investigation, we implemented a rat SAE model via cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), while lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of HT22 cells simulated an in vitro SAE model; both models were pre-treated with MaR1. We evaluated rat learning and memory using a water maze, assessed hippocampal neuron damage via Nissl and FJC staining, and observed mitochondrial alterations through TEM. In vivo and in vitro assays gauged levels of Fe2+, MDA, GSH, and SOD. Additionally, Iba1 expression in the hippocampus was examined via immunofluorescence, while SLC7A11 and GPX4 protein expression levels were determined using western blot. Our findings indicated CLP-induced learning and memory impairment in rats, along with heightened ROS, Fe2+, and MDA levels in hippocampal neurons, diminished GSH and SOD levels, and down-regulated ferroptosis-related proteins (GPX4 and SLC7A11). Remarkably, MaR1 treatment attenuated these adverse effects. In LPS-stimulated HT22 cells, MaR1 lowered lipid ROS and bolstered mitochondrial membrane potential. Nonetheless, the ferroptosis inducer Erastin reversed MaR1's protective effects. Transwell experiments further showed MaR1's potential to inhibit microglia activation triggered by ferroptosis in HT22 cells. Consequently, MaR1 may mitigate hippocampal neuroinflammation via activating the SLC7A11/GPX4 ferroptosis signaling pathway, thus ameliorating SAE-related cognitive impairment.
Effect of load reduction on the calcification of rat tibial tuberosity: Focus on calcification factors and chondrocyte mechanosensors
Authors: Suito Hirai , Minamizono Wataru , Yashima Nao , Matsunaga Hiroya , Fujikawa Kaoru , Ohsako Masafumi
Published: September 2023

The tibial tuberosity has a superficial patellar tendon-embedded portion and a deep uncalcified cartilage portion. Osgood–Schlatter disease occurs because of suppressed calcification of the tibial tuberosity. The tibial tuberosity calcifies with aging, and load reduction degrades the cartilage matrix and promotes calcification. This suggests that reducing mechanical stimulation of the tibial tuberosity promotes calcification; however, this is yet to be clarified. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of mechanical stimulation reduction on the tibial tuberosity tissue structure and calcification mechanism. We examined the effect of load reduction on tibial tuberosity calcification in 20 male 7-week-old Wistar rats classified into two groups: hind-limb suspension (HS, n = 10) and control (CO, n = 10). We observed superficial and deep tibial tuberosities in both groups. The tibial tuberosity in the HS group had narrower areas of deep portions than those in the CO group (p = 0.000539), and immature bone tissue was observed in addition to cartilage tissue. Enpp1 expression did not differ significantly between the groups (p = 0.804). In contrast, Alpl (p = 0.001) and Mmp3 (p = 0.006)expression in HS increased, whereas Timp3expression decreased (p = 0.002). This gene expression was similar to that in a murine join instability model of osteoarthritis with articular cartilage calcification and ossification. The HS tibial tuberosity also showed immature bone tissue. In conclusion, reduced mechanical stimulation caused tibial tuberosity calcification and pathological changes. These findings highlight the importance of optimal exercise to avoid premature pathological structural changes in bones/joints.
Unraveling the relationship between serum parathyroid hormone levels and trabecular bone score: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhao Tingxiao , Li Yanlei , Tian Jinlong , Xu Jiongnan , Zhao Fanfan , Xia Chen , Kang Yao , Wang Yongguang , Zhang Jun , Shao Haiyu
Published: September 2023

Background:The TBS is a new method for clinicians to assess bone quality. It is directly related to the mechanical strength of bone and helps predict fracture risk. The present analysis aimed to the associations between serum PTH level and TBS by analyzing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).Methods.A total of 3516 participants from the NHANES 2005–2006 were included in this cross-sectional analysis. Independent variables were serum PTH, which a key role in mineral homeostasis and bone metabolism. Outcome variable was TBS. The associations of serum PTH levels with TBS was examined using multivariable linear regression models.Results.After adjusting for covariates, there was a negative association between the serum PTH level and TBS (β= -0.0034; 95% confidence interval, -0.0050– -0.0017). However, in the subgroup analysis stratified by gender, race, and age, this association became negative only in Non-Hispanic White (β = − 0.0047, 95% CI: − 0.0071– − 0.0048) and young people (age＜60) (β = − 0.0036, 95% CI: -0.0057, -0.0016). In addition, the association of serum PTH with TBS was an inverted U-shaped curve, with a point of inflection a 6.71 pmol/L.Conclusion:This study showed that serum PTH levels were negative associated with TBS. This finding indicated that maintaining PTH at low levels may be beneficial to bone health, especially for young non-Hispanic white.
Cyber-Attacks in WSN & Security Optimization By a Novel Technique based Intensive Binary Pigeon Optimization (IBiPO) & Bi-LSTM-based IDS Framework
Authors: Nabi Faisal
Published: September 2023

With the global adoption of Internet services, service providers are having a difficult time securing their systems, especially against new attacks and intrusions. Various anomalous detection approaches have been developed for protecting WSN from cyber-attacks. However, those systems suffer from the major issues of a high number of false alarms, increased over-fitting, and complexity. Therefore, this paper motivates to develop a novel and intelligent IDS framework for protecting WSN from cyber-attacks. For this purpose, an Intensive Binary Pigeon Optimization (IBiPO) and Bi-directional Long Short Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) mechanisms are developed for accurate intrusion detection and classification.