bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Curriculum development in (information)technology-oriented field
Authors: Lend Enno , Kukk Kati , Kallas Oliver
Published: April 2024

Õppekavade käsitlus on olnud ajas kiiresti muutuv, ühest ja domineerivat paradigmat pole selles valdkonnas tekkinud. Selles artiklis käsitletakse logistika- ja transpordijuhtimise valdkonna õppekava arenguaspekte, lähtudes selle väljundipõhisusest ja interaktsioonist tehnoloogia arenguga. Tehnoloogiarikka valdkonna õppekavade nüüdisaja õpiväljundid haakuvad digitaliseeritud logistika- ja transpordijuhtimise keskkonna arengutrendidega. Seega hõlmavad õpiväljundid traditsioonilise kõrval lisaks inim-masin- ja masin-masin-suhtlemise valdkonda. Kuidas aga määratleda subjekti juhitud isevoolulise õppe (inim-masin) sisu ja õpiväljundid, on tehnoloogiakeskse hariduse puhul küsimuseks juba pikka aega. Artiklis käsitletakse viimati mainitud õpiväljundite formuleerimise, omandamise ja hindamise komplekssust, tutvustatakse terviklikku lähenemist tehnoloogiarikka valdkonna õppekava arendamisel ning kirjeldatakse e-õppe disainimudeli Carpe Diem kasutamist. Artikli empiiriline materjal põhineb IntelTransi projekti tulemustel, kus projekti Eesti-poolne partner oli Tallinna Tehnikakõrgkooli logistikainstituut.
Summary
What? and How? Ways to improve internships in higher education institutions
Authors: Vanari Kätlin , Povilaitis Kaire
Published: April 2024

Ühiskondlikud muutused on suunanud kõrgkoole võtma rolli lõpetajate tööhõives ja arendama koostöövorme. Nii on oluline eestvedamine, mis aitab selgitada praktika arendusvajadusi ja viia ellu muutusi õppekavas. Artikli eesmärk on välja selgitada praktikaarenduse suundumused ja eestvedamise viisid kõrgkoolides. Uuringu keskmes olid täienduskoolitusel koostatud 27 iseseisvat tööd, milles kavandati praktikaarendust. Kvalitatiivse analüüsi tulemusel selgus, et õppekavaarenduse eestvedamiseks uurivad praktikaarendajad peamiselt õppekavade rakendamist ning harvem ka õppekava konteksti. Praktikaarendusi kavandades kasutati eestvedamisviise, mis aitavad luua õppekava eestvedajate õppimise visiooni, suunata õppejõudude õpetamisviise ja arendada õpikultuuri. Arendusülesandena nähakse peamiselt muudatusi õppekavas, kõrgkooli töökorralduses ja koostöös praktika osapooltega.
Summary
Formation of learning goals in music education in Estonian general comprehensive schools 1918–2023
Authors: Kaja Kadi
Published: April 2024

Eesti koolides on muusikaõpetusel muusikakultuuri alusena eriline roll. Uuringud on kinnitanud muusikaõpetuse potentsiaali toetada õpilaste kognitiivsete võimete, emotsionaalsuse ja sotsiaalsete oskuste arengut ning kujundada üldist kultuuripilti. Uurimuse eesmärk on analüüsida muusikaõpetuse eesmärgiseadet, millest sõltub selle korraldus. Analüüs aitab mõista meie kultuuri- ja haridusruumi sobivatele alusprintsiipidele püstitatud eesmärkidele vastava õppesisu valikut ning teha sellest lähtuvalt informeeritud otsuseid. Vabariigi esimese perioodi muusikaõpetuse eesmärgid olid vajalikud rahvusliku haridussüsteemi loomisel, tänaseks on jõutud individuaalsete ja kollektiivsete identiteetide ning laiema muusikalise kirjaoskuse omandamiseni. Artiklis käsitletakse õppekavadele (1918–2023) ja intervjuudele (n = 5) tuginedes muusikaõpetuse eesmärkide kujunemislugu.
Summary
Panksepp soovitab mängu, möllu ja hoolimist, kuid mitte ainult
Authors: Kõrgesaar Jaan
Published: April 2024

Jaan Kõrgesaar tutvustab rahvusvaheliselt tunnustatud eestlasest neuroteadlase Jaak Panksepa ja tema kolleegi Lucy Biveni 2022. aastal ilmunud tõlkeraamatut "Vaimu arheoloogia: inimemotsioonide neuroevolutsiooniline algupära". Mahukas teos keskendub vaimse tervise teemadele, sisaldades arutlusi nii hariduse ja kasvatusega kui mitmete naaberteadustega seonduvatest nähtustest. Süvitsi on käsitletud psühhofarmakone, mis seostuvad sõltuvuse, ärevuse, depressiooni ja hüperaktiivsuse kasvuga.
Królestwo Niderlandów – trudne „przepraszam” za przeszłość kolonialną
Authors: Żelichowski Ryszard
Published: April 2024

THE KINGDOM OF THE NETHERLANDS – DIFFICULT “I AM SORRY” FOR THE COLONIALPAST
On 19 December 2022, Mark Rutte, as the first Prime Minister of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, officially apologized for the harm suffered by the descendants of slaves brought to work in colonies in the Caribbean, Suriname, Asia and the European Netherlands. The Prime Minister announced state celebrations on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the abolition of slavery in the Kingdom’s colonies on 1 July 2023. The slave trade brought great profits. After World War II, only Suriname and the Netherlands Antilles remained within the colonial empire of the Netherlands (New Dutch Guinea was a dependent territory until 1962). As a result of the political reforms of 2010, the Netherlands Antilles were dissolved. Currently, the Kingdom of the Netherlands consist of four autonomous countries and special (overseas) municipalities that are part of the European Netherlands. The decision to apologize for  the Kingdom’s colonial past will not end deep-seated disputes. In 2021, a report was issued stating that slavery was a crime against the population and calling for the creation of a Kingdom fund for the families of people affected by slavery. Its adoption will have far-reaching effects on Dutch society.
Demographic Crisis in Japan against the Background of Attempts to Build Family-friendly Social Policy Tools
Authors: Tkaczyński Jan W. , Guzik Joanna M. , Pletnia Maciej
Published: April 2024

Albite Japan has been experiencing unfavourable demographic changes for socioeconomic development for at least half a century, it is only in recent years that we have noted measures there aimed at no longer preventing the demographic crisis itself, but at mitigating its effects. All available statistical data confirm the demographic trend observed in the country, characterised on the one hand by an increase in life expectancy (which in itself is inherently a positive trend), and on the other by a low fertility rate (which reflects negatively on both the sustainability of the social fabric and the development of the national economy). In other words, it eventually leads to an extremely rapid ageing process in Japanese society. This rapidness can be judged when we contrast Japan’s natural change rate of -2 in 2007 with an alarming-609 per thousand population in 2021.1 The purpose of the article is therefore, firstly, to identify the sources of the demographic crisis in Japan, and secondly, based on them, to carry out a comparative analysis of the case in question to determine factors which have a decisive influence on the problem and to detect whether their occurrence is characteristic only for the Land of the Cherry Blossoms. All this can be referred here to Japan’s current social policy and constitute answer the question of whether it is, or not, overdue in the context of the titular issue.
Two Traditions of English Political Thought in the Political Thinking of the “Stańczycy”
Authors: Szlachta Bogdan
Published: April 2024

One of the most interesting groups at the turn of the 20th century was Stańczycy, active in autonomous Galicia from the late 1860s. The name of the faction was inspired by Stańczyk, the sceptical jester of Sigismund the Old, the penultimate king of the powerful Jagiellonian dynasty. This conservative group published Przegląd Polski (The Polish Review), which expressed opinions that were close to the governing elite of the province. Until the end of the 1860s, they drew upon utilitarian or liberal ideas and supported reforms, and later related to the ideas of British conservative thought and the ideas of Burke, while arguing the attempts of the liberal majority to introduce norms that would diminish the rights of every minority, and against irredentism, which neutralised the politics of emotions by replacing it with a sense of duty guided by political reason.
“Beware of Pity”
Authors: Załuski Wojciech
Published: April 2024

The title of this article alludes to the famous novel by Stefan Zweig Ungeduld des Herzens (translated into English as “Beware of Pity”). The novel illustrates the destructive role that pity plays in our private life, but, as will be argued in the article, the role of pity can be equally destructive in public life. The first part of the article has a conceptual character – the distinction is made therein between two types of pity: (1) as “the heart’s impatience (Ungeduld des Herzens)” to “rid itself as quickly as possible of the painful experience of being moved by another person’s suffering (Stefan Zweig, Beware of Pity, p. 19)”; and (2) as a mixture of contempt towards the sufferer and increased sense of one’s own power. What these two types of pity have in common is that they are self-regarding, that is, not having as its ultimate aim the well-being of the suffering person, and in fact preserving distance to the sufferer. This feature distinguishes them from compassion – a truly other-regarding fellow-feeling with the sufferer. The second part of the article, inspired by Zweig’s novel, will trace the negative consequences of pity in our private lives. The third part will strive, first, to reconstruct Hannah Arendt’s argumentation (presented in her book On Revolution) for her critical evaluation of pity as a political emotion, and secondly, to develop it in some new directions (inter alia, drawing on the above distinction between two types of pity, which is absent in Arendt’s analysis). Finally, it will be argued that even though in private life empathy (broadly understood) does not have to take the form of pity (it often assumes the laudable form of compassion), it is almost bound to take the form of pity in political life. If this claim is true, it means that one needs to treat with much caution the oft-made postulates of increasing the role of ‘empathy’ in public life.
European Heritage Label-based Education as an Essential Part of Memory Education – The Polish Case
Authors: Gajda Kinga Anna , Gierat-Biedroń Bożena
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this article is to show how the EHL is used for the interpretation, awareness, and transmission of heritage and memory. As part of the EU European Heritage Label (EHL) program, Polish institutions received six distinctions in the years 2014-2019, which places Poland high in the ranking of the awarded Brands in Europe. Polish institutions are obligated to spreading knowledge about the cultural heritage of Europe. On the one hand, EHL’s task is to raise awareness and transmit common values, elements of European history, and heritage, which can be interpreted as promoting “uni memory.” On the other hand, EHL aims to deepen intercultural dialogue and synergy, recognizing the values of diversity, which can be understood as promoting the idea of plural memory. The EHL organizers in Poland are obliged (by the provisions of the EU Program) to conduct a European narrative, but in practice, they sometimes remain at the stage of restoring and refreshing the memory of the site, organizing local memory, and revising the regional policy due to “dormant memory” during the communist period.
El derecho basado en la evidencia en la investigación jurídica
Authors: Padilla-Muñoz Andrea
Published: April 2024

Este capítulo gira en torno a la epistemología jurídica y la investigación que, junto con la metodología del llamado derecho basado en la evidencia (DBE), se caracterizan por la recolección de datos provenientes de hechos concretos. El DBE busca permitir una toma de decisiones más acorde con la realidad.
La economía política de los bonos de agua
Authors: Tamayo-Álvarez Rafael
Published: April 2024

El propósito de este capítulo es destacar la pertinencia que reviste aplicar un enfoque basado en la economía política internacional (EPI) como recurso epistemológico en la investigación jurídica. La razón es que el derecho opera como institución en un contexto político y distribuye recursos en la sociedad, de modo que interviene en la dirección de la economía, y así afecta los intereses económicos de las comunidades y las personas (Britton-Purdy et al., 2019). Por tanto, dado que la EPI identifica cómo se intersecan la política y la economía para explicar los orígenes y las consecuencias de problemas de alcance global, su empleo respecto de problemas jurídicos permite comprender mejor cómo las prácticas y los discursos legales tienen relación con factores de índole política y económica que suceden e interactúan en el terreno internacional. Así, a partir de un estudio de caso, se demostrará que estos factores, entendidos como causas fundamentales o subyacentes, están detrás de las prácticas y los discursos legales, y que la EPI es el enfoque que facilita su identificación y análisis. El estudio de caso en cuestión es el problema de los “bonos de agua”. Es decir, el mecanismo concebido en Colombia para financiar las obras públicas en el sector de agua potable y saneamiento básico (APSB), por el que varias entidades territoriales (ET) comprometieron sus ingresos futuros derivados de las transferencias del Sistema General de Participaciones (SGP), las cuales reciben de la nación por mandato constitucional.
Sustainable Development of Organic Farming using Water Hyacinth Pontederia crassipes Over Vermitechnology by Eisenia fetida
Authors: Garwa Himanshu , Veerwal* Bharati
Published: April 2024

Our planet is really lovely, and there are plenty of living organisms here. Among these organisms, human beings are also contributing to the planet. However with a growing population of human beings, there is a growing need for food, which is entirely dependent on agriculture, several strategies have been employed to boost agricultural output, including inorganic fertilizers and synthetic pesticides. Inorganic fertilizers have largely enhanced productivity as well, but they also have several negative health impacts. However, continued use and reliance on these inputs has reduced crop productivity and deteriorated the quality of natural resources and the ecosystem. So, to overcome these problems and for sustainable development, long-term agricultural expansion may be achieved with organic farming while also preserving the environment. It may take time to switch from chemical to organic farming, which could reduce the farmer's profits. Our planet is really lovely, and there are plenty of living organisms here. Among these organisms, human beings are also contributing to the planet. However with a growing population of human beings, there is a growing need for food, which is entirely dependent on agriculture, several strategies have been employed to boost agricultural output, including inorganic fertilizers and synthetic pesticides. Inorganic fertilizers have largely enhanced productivity as well, but they also have several negative health impacts. However, continued use and reliance on these inputs has reduced crop productivity and deteriorated the quality of natural resources and the ecosystem. So, to overcome these problems and for sustainable development, long-term agricultural expansion may be achieved with organic farming while also preserving the environment. It may take time to switch from chemical to organic farming, which could reduce the farmer's profits. Advancements in organic farming, using Eisenia fetida to promote the vermicomposting of water hyacinth (wastewater weed) and employing more organic fertilizer while decreasing inorganic fertilizer usage in farming. However, the farmer will only make the changeover if he is persuaded that organic farming has long-term advantages over chemical farming. Vermicompost is a type of organic fertilizer, prepared from earthworms using various unused waste organic materials. It is an alternative source for increasing agriculture production. Many works have shown that vermicompost has beneficial effects on the environment. Various organic waste materials are used by earthworm species to form vermicompost. Water hyacinth poisons water bodies, turning pleasant water into unappealing water by emitting a foul smell. Most times, water hyacinths thrive in sewage water. Controlling this aquatic weed is a major issue, but it is easily solved through vermitechnology. Extremely, in our review study, we are going to give our concentrate on development of organic farming using vermicomposting.
Sun, Soil, and Sustainability: Opportunities and Challenges of Agri-Voltaic Systems in India
Authors: Mohammad Gul , Ghosh Hindola , Mitra Kuheli , Saha Nabanita
Published: April 2024

The rise in green energies attempts to fulfil worldwide energy needs while substituting fossil fuels. It does, however, necessitate a vast amount of land. On the other hand, food security is jeopardized by the effects of climate change as well as an expanding population, particularly in India. As India strives for net-zero emissions by 2050, the integration of photovoltaics (PV) with agriculture has unlocked an emerging field known as agrivoltaics (AV). Agrivoltaics not only provides a long-term solution to the issue of land competition, but it also increases agricultural yields, conserves water resources, and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. To evaluate the elements influencing the efficiency of AV, studies on revolutionary technologies connected to solar systems and the latest generation of photovoltaics are examined. This paper looks at agrivoltaics as a climate-conscious farming option with its advantages and disadvantages in India. This article also reviews AV plant designs and how varied intervals, altitude, and density affect shadowing.
Exploring the Biochemical Profiles of Medicinal Plants Cultivated Under Stressful Environmental Conditions
Authors: Sharma Manoj Kumar
Published: April 2024

The therapeutic potential of medicinal plants, attributed to diverse bioactive chemicals, is impacted by dynamic metabolic changes under environmental stressors such as salt, drought, and heavy metal exposure. This study aimed to elucidate the biochemical alterations in stressed medicinal plants and their implications for therapeutic qualities. Two groups of plants were compared: one cultivated in optimal conditions, serving as a control, and the other exposed to stressors mimicking real-world scenarios. Biochemical parameters, including total phenolic content, flavonoids, antioxidant activity, and specific secondary metabolites, were assessed using established analytical methods. In a case study involving Aloe vera under elevated soil salinity, a significant decrease in total phenolic content and antioxidant activity was observed. Surprisingly, aloin, an anti-inflammatory bioactive compound, exhibited notable upregulation. Stress-induced biochemical variations in medicinal plants differed significantly from those in ideal conditions, demonstrating adaptive responses, including modulation of secondary metabolite synthesis. While certain stresses led to an overall decrease in secondary metabolites, specific instances showed an overexpression of beneficial chemicals. Exploring drought stress in Lavandula angustifolia (lavender), Vitis vinifera, and Artemisia tridentata, revealed a marked reduction in flavonoids and specific secondary metabolites. The study aimed to establish connections between metabolic alterations and stress-adaptive reactions. The findings contribute to understanding how environmental stress influences the therapeutic efficacy of medicinal plants and shed light on the molecular pathways governing stress-induced changes. In the investigation of heavy metal exposure, Hypericum perforatum, and Coriandrum sativum subjected to cadmium-contaminated soil exhibited an overall decline in secondary metabolites, including reduced hypericin content. Contrarily, hyperforin, linked to antidepressant properties, experienced a significant increase. These results have implications for pharmaceutical applications, sustainable farming practices, and the conservation of medicinal plant biodiversity amidst changing environmental dynamics. The study underscores the intricate relationship between environmental stressors and the biochemical makeup of medicinal plants, emphasizing their resilience and capacity to produce valuable bioactive molecules in challenging conditions. The comparative biochemical analysis of stressed medicinal plants involves assessing various parameters to comprehend how stress influences plant metabolism and bioactive compound production.
Determining the Profitability of Different NPSB and Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates on Yield and Yield Attributes of SweetPotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) in the Midland Areas of Guji Southern Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Teshome Solomon , Amide Arega , Mitiku Miresa
Published: April 2024

Sweet potato is a crucial crop for food security and income generation. Sweet potato vine length, number of stems, average number of roots per plant, average root weight, marketable root yield, non-marketable root yield, and total sweet potato root yield were determined by the NPSB and nitrogen fertilizer application rates (p<0.01). Using the right fertilizer recommendations can improve crop growth and yield while minimizing resource use. Both NPSB and Nitrogen fertilizer rates had a highly significant impact on root number, root weight, marketable root yield, unmarketable root yield, and total root yield. The combination of 100 kg ha-1 NPSB fertilizer and 69 kg ha-1 of Nitrogen fertilizer gave the highest marketable root yield (553.09 qt ha-1). The treatment with 100 kg ha-1 NPSB fertilizer and 46 kg ha-1 Nitrogen fertilizer demonstrated the best result in terms of marginal rate of returns, with a marginal revenue of 17872%. To optimize sweet potato productivity in the Adola rede region, it is recommended to apply 100 kg ha-1 NPSB and 46 kg ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer. In general, cultivation in the Adola rede region can be optimized by applying a combination of 100 kg ha-1 of NPSB fertilizer and 46 kg ha-1 of nitrogen, resulting in improved plant growth and marketability, higher root yields and cost efficiency.
Stubble Burning in India: Environmental Concern and Alternative Tools
Authors: Kadian Malvika , Nagoria Savita , Monga Sweety , Meera Meera
Published: April 2024

India is recognized as the world's second-largest agro-based economy. With 20% of the world's total rice production, India ranks second in the world behind China. Farmers in northern India, including Punjab, Haryana, and other regions, frequently burn any leftover stubble or straw in their fields after the grain harvest. So as to decrease the quantity of agricultural waste, farmers carry out this clearing technique (Parali burning) to get the fields ready for the next planting season. In India as well as other countries throughout the world, crop residue burning is an alarming issue. Every year, throughout the months of September and October, the Delhi and its nearby areas witness significant air pollution due to stubble burning after rice harvesting, which leads to chaos. Despite implementing numerous significant steps, both the Central and Delhi governments have not yet been able to resolve this issue. There are several adverse consequences of burning stubble, such as the release of potentially dangerous pollutants into the air, increased smog production, and worsened human health. Moreover, this has a detrimental effect on the nutritious value of the soil. Crop residue can be dealt with different efficient ways, even though it cannot be completely eradicated. In this regard, the present article aims to investigate optional environmental friendly disposal methods for stubble burning that India could implement. It is possible to transform stubble into something valuable in a number of ways such as the production of electricity from biomass, domestic animal feed, or even the production of necessary end products like medicines, health products, and composts. Furthermore, addition of crop leftovers into soil can also improve the physical, chemical, and biological qualities of soil in a number of ways. In North India, the majority of farmers think burning is the best option as they are unaware of various other options available to control stubble. Therefore, extensive awareness campaigns are required to inform farmers about the adverse impacts of stubble burning and the availability of other better financially viable solutions.
Effect of Seaweed Application on the Growth, Yield and Physiological Parameters in the Intercropping Farming System.
Authors: Rani Madhu , Kaushik Preeti , Kapoor Sonia
Published: April 2024

The present study demonstrates the application of biostimulants during the cultivation of wheat and chickpeas in intercropping farming. This study examined the effect of seaweed on the increasing amount of nitrogen, yield, and nutrient quality of wheat and chickpeas. In north India, rabi crops were grown for three seasons from 2019 to 2021 in the intercropping farming system. The main crop (wheat) was sown with chickpea (legumes) to enhance the yield of two crops in one season as chickpea also helps in nitrogen fixation in soil. There was a total of 36 rows each of 6 m, of which nine rows each were for wheat and chickpea and the other nine were for one row of wheat and another of chickpea. Results of the study, exhibit the significant effect of the amount of nitrogen which was a maximum of 4.33 mg/kg in intercropping treated with seaweed as compared to intercropping with control 4.23 mg/kg. AE (Agronomic Efficiency) in the intercropping with seaweed treatment was 3.27 kg/kg as compared to 3.23 kg/kg in the control. The yield and harvest index of seaweed with intercropping was higher than intercropping in control with chemical fertilizers like urea. Hence, biostimulants along with intercropping were found to be effective in increasing the yield and nutritional value of crops.
Biochemical Characterization of Microsymbionts Associated with Zornia gibbosa Span. in Central Aravalli Range
Authors: Sharma Ghanshyam , Yadav Amit , Choudhary Sonam , Sankhla Indu Singh
Published: April 2024

In current scenario, with increasing world population there is a strong demand to enhance crop productivity to feed the population. Characterization of indigenous rhizobia is very crucial for developing biofertilizers tailored to local climatic conditions, with the goal of increasing food production without excess use of chemical fertilizers. In the present investigation 44 root nodule bacterial strains or microsymbionts were isolated from root nodules of Zornia gibbosa growing in Central Aravalli region. These isolated RNB strains were examined for their phenotypic and biochemical activities such as salt tolerance, pH tolerance, bromo thymol blue (BTB) reaction, catalase activity, oxidase activity, cellulase activity, amylase production, indole production, citrate utilization and gelatin hydrolysis. All tested isolates showed significant diversity in their phenotypic and biochemical activities. The majority of the strains were limited to a tolerance of up to 3% NaCl concentration; however, strains Z2, Z13, Z14, Z15, Z21, and Z22 demonstrated tolerance up to a 5% NaCl concentration. A total of 29 isolates were able to grow within the pH range of 5-10. Few isolates showed positive results for citrate utilization (Z4, Z18, Z22, Z32 and Z44) and amylase production (Z4, Z6, Z21, Z25 and Z42). In this study only one isolate Z22 showed indole production. Conversely, when assessing various enzyme activities such as cellulase, catalase, protease, and gelatinase, all the isolates demonstrated considerable diversity. This type of study is essential for developing superior biofertilizers containing indigenous bacterial strains to enhance production.
Antifungal Potential of Bacillus subtilis subsp. inaquosorum RLS76 for Management of Fusarium Wilt Disease of Bt- Cotton
Authors: Raut Laxman S. , Dalvi Sanjay M. , Rakh Ravindra R.
Published: April 2024

Fusarium wilt is a destructive disease affecting Bt cotton that is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum. This seed and soilborne disease pose a significant risk to Bt cotton production worldwide, including India. Therefore, to cope with this problem in an eco-friendly manner, we explored the potentiality of the rhizobacterial isolate possessing antifungal activity as a natural arsenal against the fungal pathogen fusarium wilt of Bt cotton. The rhizobacterial isolate RLS76 inhibited 85.39% of the fungal phytopathogen in the dual culture method. The RLS76 isolate's 16S rRNA partial gene sequence was determined to be Bacillus subtilis subsp. inaquosorum RLS76, with a closest phylogenetic affiliation of 99.53%. The crude extract of Bacillus subtilis subsp. inaquosorum RLS76 demonstrated 34.38% inhibition of the growth of the pathogen after a week of incubation by using an agar well diffusion method. Bacillus subtilis subsp. inaquosorum RLS76 produced volatile organic compounds that inhibited the fungal growth of phytopathogens by 54.84% in a closed environment. Also, GCMS analysis of the crude extract of Bacillus subtilis subsp. inaquosorum RLS76 identified four compounds, namely Pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro-; Pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro-3-(2-methylpropyl); 2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione, 2,5-Dihydroxy-3-methoxy-6-methyl-; 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-,phenylmethyl ester. Out of four compounds, three exhibit antimicrobial activity except 2,5-Dihydroxy-3-methoxy-6-methyl. The RLS76 strain of Bacillus subtilis subsp. inaquosorum displayed a transition in hue, shifting from blue to orange, surrounding the colony on CAS medium by producing siderophore qualitatively. The quantitative siderophore produced in the crude extract was 86.06 SU after 60-72 h of incubation. The RLS76 strain of Bacillus subtilis subsp. inaquosorum also showed the ability to produce a proteolytic enzyme outside the cell. This enzyme caused a noticeable clear zone around the colony when the bacteria were grown on a skim-milk agar plate. The Bacillus subtilis subsp. inaquosorum RLS76 also exhibited phosphate solubilization activity with the clear halo around the colonies on NBRIP medium. All these results suggest that Bacillus subtilis subsp. inaquosorum RLS76 exhibits good biocontrol as well as a plant growth promoting candidate against the phytopathogen of Fusarium wilt of Bt cotton.
Preparation of Plant Growth Enhancing Bioformulation from Agricultural Wastes by Solid State Fermentation
Authors: Chakravarty* Gargi
Published: April 2024

Preparation of organic waste based bioformulation through solid state fermentation technology for application in the field offers an ecofriendly and viable alternative to sustainable food production. The present study deals with the potential of seven agrowastes as substrate carriers for the growth of indigenous strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf) and Bacillus subtilis (Bs) that stimulate plant growth. The cosubstrate (CS) with equal proportion of the seven agrowastes and both the bioinoculants (CSPfBs) proved as the best substrate carrier with highest population load of the bioinoculants at 45 days after storage (DAS). Thereafter the population declined steadily in all the bioformulations from 60 DAS to 90 DAS. However, CSPfBs gave the highest population load at 90 DAS. As individual substrate for both Pf and Bs, vermicompost performed best with a population load of 9.95 of Pf and 9.98 of Bs at 90 DAS. The bioformulations CSPfBs, VBs and VPf when applied in soil, gave the best yield in brinjal plants (Solanum melongena L. cv. Pusa Kranti) at 30 days after transplanting. Similar trends were also observed in the other yield parameters. The study indicates the scope of the prepared bioinoculant as a low cost eco friendly option for promotion of growth and yield of crops.
Response of Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus sp.) Cuttings to Different Plant Growth Regulators.
Authors: Kaur Dilawar Singh and Amarjeet
Published: April 2024

Dragon fruit (Hylocereus sp.) is an exotic crop with a great potential for its cultivation in semi arid tracts throughout India. Its planting is mainly confined to harsh climates and degraded lands facing challenges in its establishment. Hence, availability of quality planting material is essential for attaining success. Due to long juvenile phase of the sexually propagated seedlings it can be propagated asexually by stem cuttings but proper rooting is not possible without exogenous auxin application. Hence, during 2022-2023 a research was carried out at the Horticultural Experimental area of Khalsa College, Amritsar to standardize the concentration of plant growth regulators viz. IBA, NAA and PHB for rooting and success rate in stem cuttings comprising of sixteen treatments with three replications arranged in randomized block design. The results revealed that the stem cuttings treated with IBA 4000 ppm proved to be superior for the sprouting and survival of the cuttings resulting in the improved vegetative growth with profuse, longer, thicker and the heaviest roots. Hence, the cutting treatment of IBA 4000 ppm can be proposed for dragon fruit plant propagation to meet the market demand in India.
Comparative Study on the Bacterial Community of Cultivated and Uncultivated Rice Field Soils
Authors: S Arjun , K. S Anila Kumary
Published: April 2024

A study was conducted to determine the changes in bacterial micro flora of soil in relation fallowing (abandonment) in rice fields. Soil samples from two paddy fields at Kumarakom region, southwest part of Kuttanad, Kerala, one field with paddy cultivation and the other fallowed, was subjected to the study. A total of 15 bacterial species, 8 from the cultivated field only, 6 from the fallowed field only and 1 common to both fields were isolated and identified in the study. The bacterial community in the soil of uncultivated field are entirely shifted from field where rice has been cultivated continuously. The persistent occurrence encountered in the cultivated field isolates were Bacillus megaterium, Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Klebsiella oxytoca while that in the abandoned field were of E coli followed by higher incidence of (80%) Enterobacter aerogenes and Citrobacter freundii. Under rice cultivation, soil pH, EC and bacterial density were generally higher than that in uncultivated soils while organic carbon in the soil was consistently lower than that in uncultivated soils. The study reveals the importance of bacteria in maintaining the health of a habitat and confirm that soil quality deteriorates over long-term fallowing.
Modeling and Estimation of Reference Evapotranspiration using Machine Learning Algorithms: A Comparative Performance Analysis
Authors: Jain Satendra Kumar , Gupta Anil Kumar
Published: April 2024

Fresh, clean water is necessary for human health. Currently, the agriculture sector uses the majority of freshwater for irrigation without using planning or optimization techniques. Evapotranspiration, which may have a major impact in planning water supply management and crop yield improvement, is an element of the hydrological cycle. Accurate anticipation of reference evapotranspiration (ETO) is an intricate job due to its nonlinear behavior. Machine learning approach based model may be an intelligent tool to predict the accurate ETO. This study investigates and compares the predictive skills of three regression based supervised learning algorithms: decision tree (dtr), and random forest (rfr), and k-nearest-neighbors (knnr) along with tuning their hyper-parameters like how many neighbors there are in knnr, minimum samples in dtr at a leaf node and quantity of trees in the rfr scenario to forecast ETO. Every model's performance is quantified on four different groups of meteorological parameters. Groups are created based on close correlation of meteorological parameters with ETo. In this investigation, analysis is carried out on daily meteorological information of New Delhi, India for the periods from 2000 to 2021. The predicted results of the knnr, dtr and rfr models on four groups of meteorological inputs (twelve different models) are compared with ETO obtained from the FAO-PM56 equations. The study's conclusions show that the k-nearest-neighbors and random forest regression-based models outperform the decision tree regression models concerning performance. The finest performance noted by knnr and rfr models with r2 (coefficient of determination) of 0.99 and rmse of 0.21 and 0.22 mm/day respectively whereas dtr model noted r2 of 0.98 and rmse of 0.40 mm/day. Therefor these models may provide scientists, engineers, and farmers with more potent choices for managing water resources and scheduling irrigation.
Representações Sociais da Qualidade de Vida entre Pessoas Vivendo com HIV
Authors: Sousa Thamyris Tabosa , Araújo Ludgleydson Fernandes
Published: April 2024

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar as representações sociais sobre a qualidade de vida (QV) entre as pessoas vivendo com HIV que participam e que não participam do Grupo Adesão. Contou-se com a participação de 22 PVHIV, 09 participantes do grupo adesão e 13 não participantes do grupo, selecionados por conveniência. As médias de idade foram 46,2 anos (DP= 10,5) e 47 anos (DP= 14,2) respectivamente. A coleta de dados aconteceu de forma online e presencial, entre outubro de 2020 e janeiro de 2021. Utilizou-se três instrumentos: questionário sociodemográfico, entrevista semiestruturada e a Técnica de Associação Livre de Palavras (TALP). Analisados respectivamente por estatística descritiva, Classificação Hierárquica Descendente (através do software Iramuteq) e Técnica de Redes Semânticas. Os resultados demonstraram representações sociais semelhantes entre os grupos, em que a QV está diretamente ligada ao tratamento, sendo representada positivamente em situação de adesão ao tratamento. Os participantes do Grupo Adesão evidenciaram representações associadas a estratégias de enfrentamento. Logo a participação no grupo de apoio demonstra relações com a presença de recursos de enfrentamento positivos.
Women Initiative for Stroke in Europe: a WISE approach
Authors: Zedde Marialuisa , Pezzella Francesca Romana , Christensen Hanne , Christensen Louisa M.
Published: April 2024

Women Initiative for Stroke in Europe (WISE) is a working group within the European Stroke Organization (ESO), aiming to identify and fix the gender inequalities in stroke care. This approach has a dual face: (1) a patient-oriented face; (2) a professional-oriented face. Inequalities exist in both approaches and the network created by WISE supports initiatives and actions for both targets.
Harm to What Others? J. S. Mill's Ambivalence Regarding Third-Party Harm
Authors: Saunders Ben
Published: April 2024

abstract: John Stuart Mill's harm principle holds that an individual's freedom can only be restricted to prevent harm to others. However, there is an important ambiguity between a strong version, which limits legitimate interference to self-defense and therefore prohibits society from protecting third parties (those who are not its members), and a narrow version, which grants any society universal jurisdiction to prevent nonconsensual harms, no matter who is harmed. Mill sometimes appeals to the strong harm principle to preclude interference, but elsewhere endorses measures (including humanitarian foreign intervention and animal cruelty laws) to protect third parties, suggesting that he subscribes only to the weak harm principle. This ambiguity regarding who it is that society has standing to protect has important implications for the scope of individual freedom.
Stage Props, Distorting Mirrors, and the Aesthetics of Incompletion: Metafictional Turns in Pierre and Mardi
Authors: Traina Giacomo
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Save for his letters and the review/essay “Hawthorne and His Mosses,” Herman Melville left behind no manifesto. He all but entrusted the principles of his ars poetica to characters and narrators. His body of work is rife with speakers questioning the possibilities of craft. It is as if Melville would split himself into a host of voices and personae, entrusting projections of himself with the task of judging others. This article deals with two of such occurrences: 1) Pierre ’s chapters on Pierre-as-writer, in which we see an artist-figure (the narrator) chronicling the failure of another (Pierre); 2) Mardi ’s Chapter 180, in which a philosopher (Babbalanja) narrates the deeds of a poet (Lombardo). In both instances, Melville presents the reader with a book-within-the-book whose plot details are kept deliberately vague. Both Pierre’s manuscript and Lombardo’s national epic, the Koztanza , are described only in the most general of ways. They are not two texts-within-the-text as much as two stage props charged with ritual significance but left without any real content. This article argues that Melville intentionally withholds information from the reader regarding these fictive oeuvres . Pierre ’s and Mardi ’s plot-absences thus become textual mirrors reflecting changing attitudes towards the creative process during two distinct stages of Melville’s career.
“Belonging” in a Religious Congregation Called to the Peripheries
Authors: Moffett Patrick Sean
Published: April 2024

Abstract: What is the interplay between identity, belonging, and the peripheries? In this article, Patrick Sean Moffett, CFC explores in broad strokes some of the changes affecting religious life since Vatican II, then brings to bear psychological tools to analyze changing notions of belonging, and concludes with a series of reflections on belonging and the structures of religious life.
One of Their Own: Apostolic Religious Ministry on the Peripheries
Authors: Henke James
Published: April 2024

Abstract: This article argues that, for apostolic religious, ministry on the peripheries is not primarily about what service religious have to offer but about becoming identified with the people on the peripheries to the extent that those on the peripheries can claim the religious as their own. Relying on Scripture, Lumen Gentium , and Vita Consecrata , the author argues that religious are called to radical conformity to Christ’s incarnational ministry. Case studies from the tea gardens of Bangladesh express the longings of those on the peripheries and support the argument.
Ministers of Mercy and Compassion: Bringing Healing and Hope to the World—A Call for a New Ministry for Religious Communities
Authors: Perkins Ignatius , Sullivan James M.
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Many in today’s society have seen the many forms of abuse of God’s children and how inaction has enabled the continuance of this moral catastrophe. The Catholic Church has acknowledged this crisis, most notably by Pope Francis. Such responses engender the hope that Church leadership, perhaps together with religious communities, will continue to implement new models for healing and hope to protect human dignity of God’s most vulnerable. This presentation presents a new ministry where new pathways can bring healing and hope to a suffering world.
Leaves, Silkworms, Yue Fei: Ways of Imagining the Territory in 1930s China
Authors: Chang Yu-chi
Published: April 2024

Abstract: During the Nationalist period (1928–1949) in China, the notion that China’s territory mirrors the shape of a begonia or a mulberry leaf gained wide recognition. This analogy ingrained itself into public perceptions of modern China’s boundaries and was often assumed without question. As foreign forces—symbolized by silk-worms—encroached upon the leaf-like territory, the leaf trope emerged as a platform for various patriotic appeals during wartime. This research explores the evolution of the leaf trope for China’s territory in the 1930s, probing the historical and cultural connotations embedded in it. The discussion expands to incorporate intellectual resources associated with the Song-era military commander Yue Fei and the leaf trope, as they jointly influenced the portrayal of China’s territory across textual and visual mediums. In this light, territorial conceptualizations in modern China were shaped by ideological constructs envisioning a future rooted in the past.
Family First: The Work Replacement System and Livelihood Politics in Urban China, 1962–1980
Authors: Huang Yanjie
Published: April 2024

Abstract: In the 1960s, a child of a worker in urban China could gain employment in the parent’s work unit upon the latter’s retirement, death, or withdrawal for medical reasons. Known as dingti , this work replacement policy allowed urban families to negotiate and secure their children’s livelihood with the help of the grassroots bureaucracy. When millions of disenchanted sent-down youths returned from rural areas to the cities, especially after 1978, the government was compelled to revive the work replacement system to accommodate the influx. After the government suspended review of the class background and political performance of candidates, the system became a confirmation ritual of the “hereditary rights” of urban workers. Drawing on factory archives and oral history interviews, this article demonstrates that the family-centered politics of livelihood among urban families and the grassroots bureaucracy continued from Mao’s China to the years of the post-Mao transition.
Autofocusing of laser lithography through the crosshair projection method
Authors: Wei Wei , Wei Jingsong , Gao Tianyu , Xu Xiaozhong
Published: April 2024

In laser direct writing lithography, there is not any image information from the sample surface, which makes it difficult to find the position of the focal plane. To overcome the problem, an autofocusing through the crosshair projection method is proposed in this work. The crosshair on the reticle is inserted into the lighting path and imaged onto the sample surface. The addition of the crosshair projection increases the image information from the sample surface, meeting the requirement for the image information in focusing and improving the focusing environment. Furthermore, this work presents what we believe to be a new division of the focusing curve based on the range of the perpendicular feature extracted from the crosshair projection during the focusing process. The perpendicular feature can be extracted from the crosshair projection in the focusing zone but not in the flat zone. Compared with the traditional division, this new division enables the use of the perpendicular feature to directly determine the zone of the current sample position and to find the focusing zone during the focusing process. This can completely filter out the interference of local fluctuations in the flat zone, greatly facilitating the sample focusing. The autofocusing process was designed based on this division, and experiments were carried out accordingly. The focusing accuracy is about 0.15 µm, which is in the range of the depth of focus of the optical system. The results show that the proposed method provides a good solution to achieve accurate focusing based on the crosshair projection image from the sample surface in laser lithography.
Phase noise of an electro-optic terahertz comb
Authors: Krause Benedikt L. , Lavrič Andrej , Tebart Jonas , Stöhr Andreas , Preu Sascha
Published: April 2024

Photonic millimeter wave and terahertz frequency generation and detection benefit from a large tunability of several octaves as opposed to electronic frequency generation and multiplication. However, reaching multiple 100 GHz continuous tuning range while simultaneously featuring a 3-dB linewidth in the Hz range and low phase noise is still very challenging. We present an electro-optical comb driving a photomixer with potential usability as an extension module based on side-band generation by an electro-optical phase modulator. This enables a Hz-level 3-dB linewidth from microwaves to terahertz frequencies. We discuss the working principle of the mentioned electro-optical comb, characterize the phase noise of the optical subsystem up to frequencies of 40 GHz where electronic phase noise analyzers are available and draw conclusions on the phase noise at higher frequencies in the THz domain.