bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Technological Parameters of High-Precision Plasma Cutting on the Position of the Anode Spot on the Cut Edge
Authors: Loktionov Alexander , Gaar Nadezda
Published: August 2015

The paper is devoted to investigating the position of the anode spot on the cut edge during high-precision plasma processing and studying the trajectory of the melting products flowing from the cut edge. The material of samples is structural steel of St3 (GOST 14637-89) having the thickness of 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 mm. The formation of the cut edge was carried out according to the HiFocus technological scheme of cutting by using the equipment manufactured by the Kjellberg firm (Germany). It was found that among technological parameters such as current, cutting speed, pressure and flow rate of cutting and swirl gases considered in the paper the greatest influence on the position of the anode spot on the cut edge is made by the cutting speed. For the investigated technological scheme of cutting the ratio between the anode spot and the thickness of the cut material lies in the range from 0.42 to 0.47. The optimization of the processing speed is based on studying the trajectory of the melting products outflow from the cut edge.
Investigation of the Laser-Powder Cladding Effect on Steel Surface Hardening
Authors: Krasheninnikov Valeriy V. , Malikov Аleksandr G. , Orishich Аnatolii M. , Tokarev Аleksandr O.
Published: August 2015

The investigation was carried out in the laser-technological complex with the power up to 8 kW, ITAM SB RAS. An inert-gas jet was supplied coaxially with the beam. A protective nozzle from which gaseous Ar was injected was used to protect the hardening joint. The parameters of the laser hardening process with the surface alloying was optimized on the samples of low-carbon steel 20, construction steel 45, and spring steel 65G.Special cladding powders containing carbon, manganese, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, silicon, boron, and nitrogen were chosen for laser-powder cladding. They are intended for cladding wear-resistant layers onto machine parts, tools and equipment operated under abrasion-wear conditions with moderate shock loading.It was found that an optimal radiation power was 2 kW. Extra water cooling of treated parts is unpractical during laser hardening because it did not improve the hardening effect. The best effect of surface alloying was reached when the powder of rapid tool steel Р6М5 was injected in the liquid metal pool. High hardness of the clad layer remained at further heating up to 550°C. The use of laser thermal treatment and laser-powder cladding provides thermal hardening and enables increasing hardness and hence wear resistance of low-carbon steel parts by 3 - 4 times, whereas the base part remains viscous.
Laser-Plasma Treatment of Structural Steel
Authors: Tokarev Aleksandr , Bataeva Zinaida , Grachev Gennadii , Smirnov Aleksandr , Khomyakov Maksim , Gerber Artiom
Published: August 2015

To conduct high production hardening modification of iron-carbon and titanium alloy surface layers a laser-plasma method (LPM) is developed. The method is based on the use of optical pulse discharge plasma. A discharge is ignited with laser pulses repeated with a high frequency by a CO2-laser oscillator - amplifier system. A laser pulse is focused on the treated surface. To form plasma in alignment with the beam in the laser head, a high velocity gas flow (air, nitrogen, argon, and carbon dioxide) is created. The pressure of the plasma-forming gas can reach 0.5 MPa, and the output speed of the laser head can be 300 m/s.The results of the experiment on the impact of laser-plasma action on the structure and microhardness of the structural steel surface are presented. Laser-plasma treatment leads to the formation of a layer with the martensitic structure on the surface of structural low-alloyed steel 40Kh. This layer is formed due to quenching in a liquid state (QLS) and quenching in a solid state (QSS). The microhardness of the martensitic layer is 11-13 GPa, the hardened zone depth reaches 0.3 mm. It is proposed to use laser-plasma treatment of structural steel as a method for the local surface hardening of machine parts and tools.
Modeling of the Magnetic Abrasive Machining Process of Flat Surface Workpieces on Numerically Controlled Machine Tools
Authors: Tatarkin Evgeniy , Ikonnikov Aleksey , Schrayner Tatyana , Grebenkov Roman
Published: August 2015

The article describes a mathematical model of the circular motion trajectory of a magnetic abrasive powder portion which participates in the magnetic abrasive machining process of flat surface workpieces. The motion trajectory of a magnetic abrasive powder portion is observed. The main formulas, assumptions and recommendations on the implementation of the mathematical model are introduced. Taking into account the feed rate of the machine table, rotational speed and the radius of the cylindrical magnetic inductor, the model allows determining an optimal amount of the magnetic abrasive powder portion which can provide the required efficiency of the finishing process. The magnetic abrasive machining process does not have any fixed standard cutting parameters, so they have to be readjusted every time. The given model can be used to predict the parameters of the finishing process of sophisticated flat surface workpieces.
Relationship intention amongst clothing retail customers: An exploratory study
Authors: Kuhn Stefanie W. , Mostert Pierre G.
Published: August 2015

Orientation: Increasing competition has resulted in clothing retailers placing more emphasis on expensive relationship marketing tactics to retain customers. The retailers often use customers’ loyalty programme membership and the duration of their support to identify and target them in relationship-building efforts.Research purpose: This study determines the viability of relationship intention by measuring and categorising clothing customers according to their relationship intentions. The study also explores the duration of customer support for a clothing retailer, membership of their loyalty programme and the relationship thereof with customers’ relationship intentions towards that retailer. Motivation for the study: Relationship building efforts would be better directed at customers with relationship intentions.Research design, approach and method: Quantitative in nature, this study followed a descriptive research design and used an interviewer-administered survey to collect data from 511 clothing retail customers residing in the greater Pretoria metropolitan area.Main findings: Clothing retailers can effectively determine and categorise customers according to their relationship intentions. The duration customers have supported a clothing retailer and its loyalty programme has no relationship with their relationship intentions.Practical/Managerial implications: Clothing retailers should focus their relationship building on customers with relationship intentions, as they are more likely to respond favourably. They are more likely to be retained by the clothing retailer and provide a return on investment.Contribution/value-add: This study gives clothing retailers a reliable and valid measuring instrument that can be used to identify customers with relationship intentions, rather than relying on the duration of the customers’ support and their loyalty programme membership.
Development of South Africa’s national evaluation policy and system 2011−2014
Authors: Amisi Matodzi M.
Published: August 2015

There is a growing recognition of the complex relationship between evaluation and research, and policy and practice. Policy making is inherently political, and public administration is contingent on various factors, that is budgets, capabilities and systems other than evidence. This has evolved in the Department of Planning, Monitoring and Evaluations (DPME) in South Africa challenging conventional ideas of communication between evaluators and policymakers and practitioners. These are characterised by monologues from evaluators to policymakers and practitioners, which are reserved exclusively for communicating the finished product. This article is a reflection of the emerging work of the DPME valuations which is investigating the relational dynamics between evaluators and programme personnel, and encouraging more interactive and diversified communication throughout the evaluation process. The article offers a public sector observation. The lessons and implications can be useful, firstly to other countries establishing evaluation systems, and also those who have an interest in enhancing the use of evidence by government agencies in developing countries.
Prolonged storage-induced changes in haematology parameters referred for testing
Authors: Schapkaitz Elise , Pillay Dashini
Published: August 2015

Background: Referral of samples for the work-up of haematological disorders from remote laboratories can result in a delay in analysis.Objective: The stability of the full blood count (FBC), differential count (DIFF), reticulocyte and peripheral blood smear (PBS) morphology during extended storage was evaluated.Methods: Forty blood samples stored in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were analysed on an ADVIA® 120 haematology analyser. The samples (25% abnormal; 75% normal) were stored at room temperature (RT) and at 4 °C – 8 °C. Analysis of samples stored at RT was performed every 12 hours for two days. Analysis of samples stored at 4 °C – 8 °C was performed at 12 hours and subsequently every 24 hours for seven days.Results: FBC parameters (red cell count, haemoglobin) and DIFF parameters (percentages of basophils, lymphocytes and monocytes) were stable for at least 48 hours when stored at RT. Platelets were only stable for 12 hours and the white cell count was stable for 36 hours when stored at RT. Storing samples at 4 °C – 8 °C significantly increased the stability of most parameters, in particular, mean cell volume and percentage of reticulocytes. However, DIFF parameters were associated with lower stability at 4 °C – 8 °C. PBS morphology was compromised prior to 12 hours whether stored at RT or at 4 °C – 8 °C.Conclusion: This study provides evidence that blood samples stored in EDTA at 4 °C – 8 °C for seven days are suitable for testing on the ADVIA® 120 analyser for the FBC and percentage of reticulocyte parameters. However, storage at 4 °C – 8 °C is not a solution for samples referred for DIFF and PBS morphology review.
Vrede en oordeel in het evangelie volgens Lucas
Authors: Welzen Huub
Published: August 2015

Peace and judgement in the gospel according to Luke. Quite rightly Luke is called an evangelist of peace and non-violence. It is recognised in several studies that peace, nonviolence and love for the enemy are integral parts of the message of the Lucan Jesus. Yet this statement cannot be made without criticism. In the gospel of Luke there are many texts in which violence is present, which is incongruent with the message of peace and non-violence. Sometimes there is even violence that is excessive. In many of these texts violence has to do with vengeance in the judgement. In some recent studies the relation of the peace-message of Jesus and the retribution in the judgement is discussed. In this article we first examine the problem of violence in Luke’s gospel with the help of Luke 19:9–27. In the vision of Luke the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 CE is a consequence of the refusal to accept the message of Jesus. To understand this it is necessary to place the fall of Jerusalem in the eschatological timetable of Luke. We see here a certain equivalence between the situation of the contemporaries of Jesus within the gospel and the situation of the intended readers in the last quarter of the first century CE. Moreover we propose to reverse the way the question is put. We do not have to enlighten how it is possible that after the peace-message of Jesus there will be vengeance in the judgement. First there is the announcement of the judgement. After that a delay is announced for the contemporaries of Jesus as well as for the intended readers of Luke’s gospel: a year of the Lord’s favour. This delay gives room for repentance.(Full text article to follow)
In search of an appropriate contemporary approach in Christian ethics: Max Weber’s ethic of responsibility as resource
Authors: De Villiers D. Etienne
Published: August 2015

The article addresses the question: ‘To what extent can Max Weber’s ethic of responsibility be a helpful resource in the search of Christian Social Ethics for an appropriate contemporary approach’? This question is addressed by, first of all, providing a summary of Weber’s famous speech Politics as a Vocation in which he developed his view on the ethic of responsibility; secondly, providing an interpretation of his view; and, thirdly, critically discussing the extent to which this ethic can serve as a resource for Christian Social Ethics in its search for an appropriate contemporary approach. The conclusion is that although some aspects of Weber’s view on the ethic of responsibility are unacceptable to Christian Social Ethics, the core of it is commendable. Some of the implications of incorporating an ethic of responsibility approach in Christian Social Ethics are also briefly discussed.
Proverbs: Prose or poetry?
Authors: Viljoen Anneke
Published: August 2015

Should Proverbs be read as prose or poetry? Considering the language craft is of essential significance for a hermeneutical enquiry into the biblical book of Proverbs. Five suppositions to support the presupposition that Proverbs is best read as poetry were considered.
Focus on the world: The Keswick Convention and mission
Authors: Kommers Johan
Published: August 2015

In a copy of Pierson’s (n.d.) work, The acts of the Holy Spirit, presented to the hostess of Salisbury House in Keswick (UK), are the signatures of 11 missionaries from all over the world who attended the Convention in 1904. These are just a few of the many missionaries who visited the yearly Keswick Convention (KC). Many missionaries were a product of the genial spiritual climate which prevailed in England after the 1859 revival. Since 1885 the KC has been the catalyst for a fresh era in missionary work. Keswick and mission became inseparable, and the KC became a factor in the life of the universal church. Throughout the years missionary operations have been given a place in its program. So many missionaries trace back their call for mission work to Keswick and reckon the momentum of their life to be fully devoted to God, lies there. This led Keswick chairman Reverent Aldis just after World War II to say, ‘I supposethe KC has done more than any other movement in the Churches to call men and women to the mission field.’ In 2014 the Convention website reads: The KC is passionate about mission and has been supporting, encouraging and hosting missionaries and their families from overhundred years! We see this as a key area of Keswick’s ministry and one in which many havebeen keen to support in their giving (KM 2014). The vision of those in the last decades of the 19th century is the issue of this article as well as the question in what way the KC is still trueand faithful to that vision in the first decades of the 21st century.In een copy van Piersons, The Acts of the Holy Spirit, aangeboden aan de gastvrouw van Salesbury House in Keswick (UK), staan de handtekeningen van elf zendelingen van over heel de wereld, die de Conventie van 1904 hebben bijgewoond. Dit zijn maar enkele van de vele zendelingen die de jaarlijkse Conventie in Keswick bijwonen. Sinds 1885, heeft de Conventie, door de introductie van de christelijke zending, een nieuwe tijd ingeslagen. Keswick en zending zijn sinds die tijd ongescheiden en de KC is een factor van betekenis geworden in het leven van de universele kerk. De jaren door heeft het onderdeel zending een grote plek in het programma. Dit bracht de voorzitter van de KC, Aldis, vlak na WO II er toe om te zeggen: ‘Ik denk dat de KC meer gedaan heeft dan enig andere beweging in de kerken om mannen en vrouwen te roepen naar het zendingsveld.’ Op de website van de Conventie staat nu: De KC is gepassioneerd over zending en heeft support, bemoediging en onderdak verleend aan zendelingen en hun families voor meer dan honderd jaar. We zien dit als de sleutelrol van Keswick en een grote factor voor velen om concreet met de zending mee te leven. Op welke wijze is de zendingsvisie van het begin leidend in de KC nu in de een en twintigste eeuw?
1 John: ‘Effects’ in biblical texts that constitute ‘lived experiences’ in the contemplative reading of those texts
Authors: Van der Merwe Dirk
Published: August 2015

It is evident according to 1 John 2:28–3:10 that the eschatological events predicted in this text have implications for how people should live prior to these events. This essay explores this eschatological pericope by analysing a number of the linguistic effects used in the text inorder to determine how the assumed spiritualities embedded in this pericope are generated to influence the readers. These linguistic effects form part of the rhetoric used by the author to awaken certain spiritualities (lived experiences) in readers in order to motivate them to act according to the recommendations given in the text. Four effects identified and examined in this essay that constitute ‘lived experiences’ in the contemplative reading of texts are (1) the dynamic interaction between text and reader, (2) the composition of images, (3) the dialectic of pretension and retention and (4) entanglement in a text.1 Johannes: ‘Effekte’ in bybelste tekste wat ‘geleefde ervaringe’ in die nadenkende lees vandaardie tekste konstitueer. Volgens 1 Johannes 2:28–3:10 is dit duidelik dat die eskatologiese gebeure waarna daar in die teks verwys word, implikasies het vir hoe die mens vóór hierdie gebeure behoort te lewe. Die artikel ondersoek hierdie eskatologiese perikoop deur ‘n aantal van die taalkundige effekte in die teks te analiseer om vas te stel hoe die veronderstelde spiritualiteite wat in die perikoop ingebed is, gegenereer is. Hierdie taalkundige effekte vorm deel van die teksretoriek wat deur die outeur aangewend is om bepaalde spiritualiteite in lesers wakker te maak met die doel om hulle te motiveer om volgens die aanbevelings wat in die teks vervat is, te handel. Vier effekte wat in hierdie artikel geïdentifiseer en ondersoek word en wat spiritualiteite of ‘geleefde ervaringe’ deur die kontemplatiewe lees van tekste tot stand bring, is (1) die dinamiese interaksie tussen teks en leser, (2) die samestelling van beelde, (3) die dialektiek van pretensie en retensie en (4) ‘verstrengeling met ‘n teks.
Openbaring 21:1−8 in teks en prediking
Authors: Bothma Gerhard
Published: August 2015

Openbaring 21:1-8 bring ’n belangrike wending in hierdie boek. Die koms van ’n nuwe hemel, ’n nuwe aarde en ’n nuwe Jerusalem word aangekondig. Die oue is verby. Die nuwe het gekom. Hoe behoort Openbaring 21:1-8 uitgelê, vertolk en verstaan te word? Hoe behoort daar oor hierdie teks gepreek te word? Hierdie en nog meer vrae word in hierdie artikel bespreek. Vanweë onder andere die literêre genre daarvan, stel die boek Openbaring unieke uitdagings aan diegene wat dit wil uitlê, verstaan en daaroor wil preek. Deur Openbaring 21:1-8 en homiletiese teorie met mekaar in verband te bring, word hierdie Skrifgedeelte vir die prediking ontgin. Deur die benutting van ’n literêr-estetiese benadering tot prediking in ’n skuiwende kultuur – soos deur Cas Vos en Cas Wepener ontwikkel – word die nuwe hemel en aarde, die nuwe Jerusalem en die lied ‘Hot Gates’ met mekaar gekombineer om nuwe betekenismoontlikhede te ontdek. Deur intertekstueel en inkulturerend te werk te gaan, word parameters vir die uitleg en verstaan van Openbaring 21:1-8 geformuleer en voorstelle vir die prediking van hierdie Skrifgedeelte word gemaak.Revelation 21:1-8 in text and preaching. Revelation 21:1-8 presents an important turning point in this book. A new heaven, a new earth and a New Jerusalem are introduced. The old has passed. The new has come. How should Revelation 21:1-8 be read, interpreted and understood? How should this text be preached? These and other questions are asked in this article. Because of its literary genre, amongst other factors, the Book of Revelation poses unique challenges to anyone who wants to interpret and understand or preach about it. Revelation 21:1-8 is investigated by engaging the text and homiletic theory with each other. By utilising a literary-esthetical approach to preaching in a changing culture – as developed by Cas Vosen Cas Wepener – the new heaven and earth, the new Jerusalem and the song ‘Hot Gates’ are engaged with one another in order to find possible new meanings. By working intertextually and inculturating, parameters for the explanation and understanding of Revelation 21:1-8 are explicated and suggestions with regard to preaching this text are made.
Die metafoor ‘julle is die tempel van God’ as ’n etiese kernmoment in ’n postmoderne leefwêreld
Authors: Maré Pieter
Published: August 2015

Die idee van die tempelmotief is my fokuspunt in hierdie artikel en daarom gaan ek teoretiseer oor die retoriese vraag waarmee die apostel Paulus die gemeente in Korinte konfronteer: Ouk oidate hoti naos theou este kai to pneuma tou theou en humin oikei? [Weet julle nie dat julle ’n tempel van God is en die Gees van God in julle woon nie?] (1 Kor. 3:16). Het hierdie vraag enige etiese implikasies vir die gemeente in Korinte ingehou en het dit nog enige hermeneutiese waarde vir die geloofsgemeenskap in die postmoderne leefwêreld waarin hulle hulself bevind?The metaphor ‘you are the temple of God’ as an ethical core moment in a postmodern world. The idea of the temple motif is my focal point in this article, and therefore, I am going to theorise on the rhetorical question asked by Paul in his first letter to the Corinthians: Ouk oidate hoti naos theou este kai to pneuma tou theou en humin oikei? [Do you not know that you are God’s temple and that God’s Spirit dwells in you?] (1 Cor 3:16). Did this question hold any ethical implications for that congregation, and does it still have any hermeneutical value for the faithful community in the postmodern milieu in which they find themselves today?
The text form of LXX Genesis 28:12 by Philo of Alexandria and in the Jesus-Logion of John 1:51
Authors: Steyn Gert J.
Published: August 2015

Most studies on the explicit quotations in the New Testament in the past mainly occupied themselves with their application and reinterpretation within their new contexts. Recent research on the Antiochene text (formerly Proto-Theodotion), combined with an upsurge in text critical investigations – with the aim to establish the similarities and differences amongst existing LXX witnesses in the quest for the LXX text form at the author’s time of writing – begs for new investigations into the Vorlage and nature of the quotations in Philo of Alexandria and the New Testament. Being part of a broader project, and given the scope of this investigation, this article intends to investigate the only case in John’s Gospel where the same Torah quotation also occur in Philo, namely that of Genesis 28:12 in John 1:51. This case is well attested in the Corpus Philonicum, where it is quoted three times – the first time as a long and extensive quotation (Somn. 1.3), and thereafter in two shorter quotations (Somn. 1.133; 2.19). The article attempts to investigate the text forms of Genesis 28:12, in comparison to those of Philo and John, in order to determine whether there are traces of a possible common Vorlage of the Old Greek Version (OGV) between these two authors.Die teksvorm van LXX Genesis 28:12 deur Filo van Aleksandrië en die Jesus-Logion vanJohannes 1:51. Die meeste studies wat oor die eksplisiete sitate in die Nuwe Testament handel, het in die verlede veral op die toepassing en die herinterpretasie van hierdie sitate binne hulle nuwe kontekste gefokus. Die primêre fokus het egter intussen verskuif, sodat die huidige navorsing eerder poog om die ooreenkomste en verskille tussen bestaande Septuagint (LXX-) teksgetuies vas te stel in ’n soeke na die onderliggende LXX-teksvorm (Vorlage) waarop ’n bepaalde Nuwe-Testamentiese skrywer sy aanhaling sou baseer het. Dit is veral waarneembaar in studies aangaande die Antiogeense teks (vroeër bekend as Proto-Theodotion), asook in die oplewing van tekskritiese studies. Hierdie ontwikkelings vereis nuwe ondersoeke na die Vorlage en die aard van die aanhalings wat in sowel Filo as in die Nuwe Testament voorkom. Die ondersoek wat hier aangebied word, vorm deel van ’n groter projek en analiseer dieenigste geval in die Evangelie volgens Johannes waar dieselfde Tora-aanhaling ook by Filo te vind is, naamlik Genesis 28:12 in Johannes 1:51. Die aanhaling kom driekeer by Filo voor – in Somn. 1.3 as ’n lang en uitgebreide sitaat en daarna in twee verkorte vorms in Somn. 1.133 en 2.19. Hierdie artikel poog om die teksvorms van Genesis 28:12 te ondersoek – in vergelyking met sowel Filo en Johannes – ten einde vas te stel of daar enige moontlike aanduidings van ’n gemeenskaplike LXX-Vorlage van die Ou Griekse Vertaling (OGV) tussen albei outeurs is.
Jou Ithaka Vgl. Die Odusseia, Boek XII Vir Jan du Rand
Authors: Vos Cas J.A.
Published: August 2015

No abstract available.
Conserving a geographically isolated Charaxes butterfly in response to habitat fragmentation and invasive alien plants
Authors: Crous Casparus J. , Pryke James S. , Samways Michael J.
Published: August 2015

In South Africa, much of the forest biome is vulnerable to human-induced disturbance. The forest-dwelling butterfly Charaxes xiphares occidentalis is naturally confined to a small forest region in the south-western Cape, South Africa. Most of the remaining habitat of this species is within a fragmented agricultural matrix. Furthermore, this geographical area is also heavily invaded by alien plants, especially Acacia mearnsii. We investigated how C. x. occidentalis behaviourally responds to different habitat conditions in the landscape. We were particularly interested in touring, patrolling and settling behaviour as a conservation proxy for preference of a certain habitat configuration in this agricultural matrix. Remnant forest patches in the agricultural matrix showed fewer behavioural incidents than in a reference protected area. Moreover, dense stands of A. mearnsii negatively influenced the incidence and settling pattern of this butterfly across the landscape, with fewer tree settlings associated with more heavily invaded forest patches. This settling pattern was predominantly seen in female butterflies. We also identified specific trees that were settled upon for longer periods by C. x. occidentalis. Distance to a neighbouring patch and patch size influenced behavioural incidences, suggesting that further patch degradation and isolation could be detrimental to this butterfly. Conservation implications: We highlight the importance of clearing invasive tree species from vulnerable forest ecosystems and identify key tree species to consider in habitat conservation and rehabilitation programmes for this butterfly. We also suggest retaining as much intact natural forest as possible. This information should be integrated in local biodiversity management plans.
Level of physical activity of health professionals in a district hospital in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Kunene Siyabonga H. , Taukobong Nomathemba P.
Published: August 2015

Background: Health professionals have a role to play in the promotion of physical activity in order to prevent the ever-increasing burden of diseases associated with physical inactivity. Determination of the level of physical activity amongst health professionals managing patients presenting with various lifestyle-related conditions is most pertinent.Object: The purpose of the present study was to ascertain the level of physical activity of health professionals at Estcourt Hospital in KwaZulu-Natal Province.Method: A cross-sectional survey of 109 health professionals was conducted over a period of three consecutive weeks in 2012. The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and other related data such as socio-demographic characteristics was used to collect data. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics to determine relationships between variables. An analysis guide was used to determine the level of physical activity with reference to the GPAQ guidelines recommended by the Word Health Organization using the metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-minutes per week indicators.Results: The overall level of physical activity was: 31% of participants were high, with METminutes/week ≥ 3000; 29% were moderate, with MET-minutes/week ≥ 600; and 40% were low, with MET-minutes/week < 600. Although black women predominantly reported low levels of physical activity, age was found to be significantly related to the level of physical activity (p = 0.000, r = -0.637).Conclusion: An intervention to promote physical activity amongst health professionals is essential to promote healthy living.
Die integrasie van Wiskunde, Wetenskap en Tegnologie in vroeëkinderonderwys en die grondslagfase: Die rol van die professionele identiteitsvorming van beginneronderwysers
Authors: Botha Marie , Bornman Elirea
Published: August 2015

This article focuses on the professional identity formation of six beginner teachers (three in early childhood education and three in the foundation phase), involved in the teaching of Mathematics, Science and Technology (MST). Attention is in particular being paid to the role of professional identity in how they applied innovative teaching methods such as enquiry-based teaching. The study is based on the personal narratives of the six teachers, regarding their own learning experiences in MST, the impact of their professional training at an institution of higher education, as well as their first experiences as MST teachers in the workplace. A qualitative research design was applied and data was obtained through visual (photo collages) and written stories, observation and interviews. Whilst all the teachers held negative attitudes towards Mathematics, this situation was turned around during their university training. The three teachers in early childhood education experienced their entrance to the profession as positive, due mainly to the support of colleagues in their application of innovative teaching methods. Two teachers in the foundation phase, however, experienced the opposite. The findings emphasise the complex processes in the moulding of a professional teacher identity and how teaching practices are influenced by these processes.
Song of Songs: A celebration of and invitation to participate in the fullness of life
Authors: Van der Zwan Pieter
Published: August 2015

The Song of Songs is usually appreciated for its celebration of love in the foreground, erotic or divine, if these are not regarded as different aspects of the same experience. This has perhaps led to the neglect of the celebration of life as pertinent background in a unique way in the Hebrew and even Christian Bible as a whole. In a secular world disillusioned by the perceived emphasis on death in traditional religion and therefore desperately obsessed with life, this biblical poetry may come as a surprising liberation through its critical and creative voice even within the religious canons of two world religions.
Malignant Transformation of Hepatic Adenoma in Glycogen Storage Disease Type-1a: Report of an Exceptional Case Diagnosed on Surveillance Imaging
Authors: Baheti Akshay D. , Yeh Matthew M. , O'Malley Ryan , Lalwani Neeraj
Published: August 2015

Hepatocellular adenoma is a heterogeneous group of benign neoplasms arising from hepatocellular cells and can be subclassified into four major groups based on genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. These four subtypes are hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF) 1α-inactivated, β-catenin–activated, inflammatory, and unclassified adenomas. Immunohistochemistry studies have demonstrated that since β-catenin–activated adenomas have a higher risk of malignant transformation, the identification of the subtype of adenoma remains crucial in patient management. However, malignant transformation of hepatic adenoma without β-catenin overexpression can be seen in 30–65% cases. We report a case of malignant transformation of hepatic adenoma without overexpression of β-catenin in a 31-year-old man with a known glycogen storage disease (GSD) Type-1a, which was diagnosed on surveillance magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The MRI showed a mild interval increase in one lesion with relative stability of the other adenomas. The lesion was presumed to be suspicious for a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and was confirmed on pathology.
Multiple Mycotic Aneurysms of the Abdominal Aorta Illustrated on MDCT Scanner
Authors: Dwivedi Amit Nandan Dhar , Srinivasan Ananthakrishnan , Jain Shivi
Published: August 2015

Infective mycotic aneurysm of the aorta is a rare and life-threatening disease. A patient presenting with constitutional symptoms and pulsatile abdominal mass should raise a suspicion of mycotic aneurysm. Early detection of aortic mycotic lesions in such patients should play a key role in the treatment of aortic aneurysms. Multiple mycotic aneurysms of abdominal aorta in a young male are a rare manifestation of the disease. Multidetector computerized tomography (CT) is an essential tool in identifying the etiology, pathogenesis, protean manifestations of systemic tuberculosis, and ultimately deciding the course of treatment.
Quasi-copure Submodules
Authors: Rajaee Saeed
Published: August 2015

All rings are commutative with identity, and all modules are unital. In this paper we introduce the concept of a quasi-copure submodule of a multiplication R-module M and will give some results about it. We give some properties of the tensor product of ûnitely generated faithful multiplication modules.
Embedding topological fractals in universal spaces
Authors: Banakh Taras , Strobin Filip
Published: August 2015

A compact metric space

X

is called a Rakotch (Banach) fractal if\linebreak

X=\bigcup_{f\in\mathcal F}f(X)

for some finite system

\mathcal F

of Rakotch (Banach) contracting self-maps of

X

. A Hausdorff topological space

X

is called a topological fractal if

X=\bigcup_{f\in\mathcal F}f(X)

for some finite system

\mathcal F

of continuous self-maps, which is topologically contracting in the sense that for any sequence

(f_n)_{n\in\omega}\in\mathcal F^\omega

the intersection

\bigcap_{n\in\omega}f_0\circ\dots\circ f_n(X)

is a singleton. It is known that each topological fractal is homeomorphic to a Rakotch fractal. We prove that each Rakotch (Banach) fractal is isometric to the attractor of a Rakotch (Banach) contracting function system on the universal Urysohn space

\mathbb U

. Also we prove that each topological fractal is homemorphic to the attractor

A_\mathcal F

of a topologically contracting function system

\mathcal F

on an arbitrary Tychonoff space

U

, which contains a topological copy of the Hilbert cube. If the space

U

is metrizable, then its topology can be generated by a bounded metric making all maps

f\in\mathcal F

Rakotch contracting.
On the equality of Hausdorff measure and Hausdorff content
Authors: Farkas Ábel , Fraser Jonathan M.
Published: August 2015

We are interested in situations where the Hausdor measure and Hausdorff content of a set are equal in the critical dimension. Our main result shows that this equality holds for any subset of a self-similar set corresponding to a nontrivial cylinder of an irreducible subshift of finite type, and thus also for any self-similar or graph-directed self-similar set, regardless of separation conditions. The main tool in the proof is an exhaustion lemma for Hausdorff measure based on the Vitali Covering Theorem.

We also give several examples showing that one cannot hope for the equality to hold in general if one moves in a number of the natural directions away from ‘self-similar’. For example, it fails in general for self-conformal sets, self-affine sets and Julia sets. We also give applications of our results concerning Ahlfors regularity. Finally we consider an analogous version of the problem for packing measure. In this case we need the strong separation condition and can only prove that the packing measure and

\delta

-approximate packing pre-measure coincide for sufficiently small

\delta>0

.
The South African Companies Act and the Realisation of Corporate Human Rights Responsibilities
Authors: Gwanyanya Manson G.
Published: August 2015

The Companies Act 71 of 2008 (the Companies Act) was promulgated in April 2009 and came into effect on 1 April. The purpose of this Act is, among other things, to promote compliance with the Bill of Rights as provided for in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (the Constitution), in the application of company law. This gives recognition to the constitutional imperative to bring company law within the South African constitutional law framework. This article argues that by including the promotion of compliance with the Bill of Rights as provided for in the Constitution in the application of company law, the Companies Act effectively reinforces a duty for companies to ensure that they should always seek to prevent violations of human rights, particularly those human rights that are directly linked to their operations. This article looks at certain provisions in the Companies Act and argues that the inclusion of these provisions if interpreted in a certain manner will reconcile the values and practices of company law with the related human rights concerns. It argues that the inclusion of the Bill of Rights in the application of company law ensures that human rights concerns are also considered within the functioning of the company. The article then looks at the various provisions in the Act which have the potential to ensure that this position is achieved in the application of company law.
Legal Aspects with Regard to Mentally Ill Offenders in South Africa
Authors: Swanepoel Magdaleen
Published: August 2015

The purpose of this note is to discuss legal aspects with regard to mentally ill offenders with specific reference to the defence raised as a result of mental illness. In order to fully understand this defence it is important to provide a clinical background on what forensic psychiatry is. It is also necessary to define certain clinical concepts such as the concept of mental illness, and the criteria for the classification of mental illnesses. This then leads to a discussion of the defence of mental illness. A conclusion is drawn at the end, with a summary of the findings.
Responsibilities of Companies towards Employees
Authors: Botha MM
Published: August 2015

Central to company law is the promotion of corporate governance. An important question in company law still today is in whose interest the company should be managed. Corporate governance needs to address the entire span of responsibilities to stakeholders of the company such as customers, employees, shareholders, suppliers and the community at large. The promotion of human rights in the application of company law must also take place. This is extremely important given the significant role of enterprises within the social and economic life of the nation. The interests of various stakeholder groups in the context of the corporation as a "social institution" should be enhanced and protected. Because corporations are part of society and the community, like all of us, it is required of them to be socially responsible and have greater accountability to all stakeholders of the company. Although directors must act in the best interests of shareholders collectively they must also consider the interests of other stakeholders. Sustainable relationships with all the relevant stakeholders are thus important. The advancement of social justice is thus important to corporations in that they should take note of the Constitution, labour legislation and company law legislation when social justice issues are dealt with. Employees have become very important stakeholders of companies and their needs should be taken into account in the bigger corporate governance and social responsibility framework.
Protecting Personal Information in the Era of Identity Theft: Just how Safe is our Personal Information from Identity Thieves?
Authors: Cassim F
Published: August 2015

Identity theft has become one of the fastest growing white collar crimes in the world. It occurs when an individual's personal information such as inter alia his or her name, date of birth or credit card details is used by another individual to commit identity fraud. Identity theft can be committed via physical means or online. The increased use of the Internet for business and financial transactions, social networking and the storage of personal information has facilitated the work of identity thieves. Identity theft has an impact on the personal finances and emotional well-being of victims, and on the financial institutions and economies of countries. It presents challenges for law enforcement agencies and governments worldwide. This article examines how identity thieves use the personal information of individuals to commit identity fraud and theft, and looks at legislative solutions introduced in South Africa, the United States of America, the United Kingdom and India to combat identity theft crimes. The article examines measures introduced by the respective governments in these countries to counteract such crimes. Finally, the article will propose a way forward to counteract such crimes in the future. The study reveals that identity theft is a growing and evolving problem that requires a multi-faceted and multi-disciplinary approach by law enforcement agencies, businesses, individuals and collaboration between countries. It is advocated that businesses and institutions should take measures to protect personal information better and that individuals should be educated about their rights, and be vigilant and protect their personal information offline and in cyberspace.
Apartheid's Alcatraz: The Barberton Prison Complex During the Early 1980s - Part One
Authors: Peté SA
Published: August 2015

The purpose of this two-part article is to examine in detail the public discourse surrounding the Barberton Prison Complex during the early 1980s, at the height of the apartheid era. The prisons within the Barberton Prison Complex were notorious as being among the most punitive of the many prisons within apartheid South Africa. Barberton was the place to which the most dangerous and intractable prisoners were sent to serve their sentences, making it apartheid's "Alcatraz". The focus of this article is on the treatment of "normal" as opposed to "political" prisoners during the period in question, allowing the "voices" of ordinary prisoners – often sidelined and silenced – to be brought to the fore. The Barberton Prison Complex is examined through the lens of public discourse, as reflected in a wide range of South African newspapers published at the time. By analysing a large number of reports dealing with events at Barberton during the period in question, in both English and Afrikaans language newspapers, as well as in both politically conservative and politically liberal newspapers, this article attempts to capture both the "smell" and the "feel" of what it was like to be imprisoned in one of apartheid's toughest prison complexes. Furthermore, this article seeks to show that – despite legislative measures restricting the publication of information on conditions inside apartheid prisons – the press was able to provide a steady stream of information to the South African public on the shocking events which occurred at Barberton during the period in question. Part One of this article deals with the deaths of three prisoners and the injury of many others during a day of violence at the Barberton prison farm on 29 December 1982, as well as the broader political implications of the criminal trial - known as the "heat exhaustion trial" - which followed. It is contended that the events surrounding the infamous "heat exhaustion trial" may be seen as a kind of metaphor for the apartheid system itself, as it began to unravel during the 1980s.
Provisional Thoughts on Limitations to the Right to Procreate
Authors: Robinson JA
Published: August 2015

The constantly increasing human population results in severe ecological, psychological, political, economic and sociological ramifications. These negative implications raise the question whether the constitutionally entrenched right to make decisions concerning reproduction may be limited, as the continued existence of the State may ultimately be jeopardised if the population is not kept "[d]own to the means of subsistence". An analysis of relevant constitutional provisions shows that in essence it is the "inner sanctum" of the individual which is shielded from erosion by conflicting rights of the community, and that the outward manifestation of the right (procreation) may indeed be limited. However, the so-called Chinese experience shows that negative measures have the desired results but also had a severe non-intended impact on the social and economic situation in China. It is suggested, therefore, that positive measures (eg proper education and social provision) be considered to limit population growth.
Making a Case for a Development-Driven Approach to Law as a Linchpin for the Post-2015 Development Agenda
Authors: Soyeju O
Published: August 2015

The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are milestones on a long road to global development. They were adopted by consensus in 2000 as a policy framework to guide the global development process, ending poverty as the overarching goal. Time-bound, with quantified targets for addressing extreme poverty in its many dimensions, the goals have successfully drawn the attention of the world to the virulence of grinding poverty in low-income countries. However, with the deadline in plain sight it has become clear that many of the quantified targets set out in the Millennium Declaration (MD) in the year 2000 are no longer realistic. Recent reviews of the progress so far in achieving these goals suggest a marked discrepancy in outcomes across the regions. Besides, there are concerns that even if these set goals are met, new challenges have emerged with the potential of reversing whatever progress that has been made under the current development framework. For example, sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) as a region seems to be off-track in meeting these goals. While other regions of the world have made significant progress in achieving many of the goals, there is a widespread shortfall in the achievement of most of the MDGs in SSA countries. It is against this backdrop that there is an on-going process of articulating a new development agenda to consolidate and build on the successes of this current development framework, address new, pressing global concerns, and confront the shortfalls and gaps in the outcomes of the MDG framework. This paper argues that law has an inherent development function and can play a significant role in driving the proposed post-2015 development agenda. The paper therefore seeks to make a case for the adoption of a development-driven approach to law as a linchpin for the post-2015 development agenda.
Lingual Thyroid with Hyperthyroidism in a Child: A Rare Presentation
Authors: Arora Nikhil , Bhargava Eishaan , Rana Kanika
Published: August 2015

Lingual thyroid is the most common presentation of ectopic thyroid tissue (ETT). It is a rare condition presents in about 1 in 100,000 populations, more commonly is seen in females. It is even rarer in children. It is mainly associated with euthyroid or hypothyroid status; hyperthyroidism is rarely seen. Its management varies from surgical excision to medical management. Here, we present a case of lingual thyroid presenting with hyperthyroidism and its management.

How to cite this article

Rana K, Arora N, Wadhwa V, Bhargava E. Lingual Thyroid with Hyperthyroidism in a Child: A Rare Presentation. World J Endoc Surg 2015;7(2):36-38.