bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temporal Variation and Phylogeny of Air and Surface Microflora in Relation to Occupancy Patterns in a Higher Education Institution (HEI)
Authors: Laxamana Jess Rafael , Reyes Daniela Mae Kiana , Santos Raphael , Paraoan Cielo Emar
Published: September 2024

People not only inhale life-sustaining oxygen but also traces of bacteria and even inanimate surfaces introduce microorganisms to one’s bodies. However, the diversity and richness of bacterial communities both indoor and outdoor in a Philippine HEI in relation to human occupancy patterns remain relatively unexplored. Hence, the study aimed to bridge this gap. Microflora were collected using settle plates and swabbing method and identified by comparing their 16s rRNA gene amplicons using the Basic Local Alignment Tool. Several isolates were found to have biological implications in health (e.g. Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Bacillus clarus) and biotechnology (e.g. Rhodococcus pyridinivorans and Bacillus altitudinis). The phylogeny of samples exhibited close cohesion from the genus level, hence forming monophyletic taxa – under the classes Bacilli, Gammaproteobacteria, and Actinomycetes. Furthermore, statistical results established the significant relationship between indoor air and outdoor surface microbial load with the volume of occupants, as opposed to outdoor air and indoor surfaces. The analysis also revealed a strong correlation between the volume of occupants and indoor air microbial concentration (p = 0.002, R = 0.998), likewise in the case of indoor and outdoor surface bacterial contamination (p = 0.036, R = 0.664). Additionally, there was a significant difference in the indoor and outdoor air microbial load following human occupancy patterns in the area (p = 0.018). Findings of the study provide a foundation for understanding air and surface-borne flora, as well as a basis for the enhancement of health and safety standards for building inhabitants.
First Record of Infestation of Amphitrichia flachi (Brenske, 1892) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Rhizotrogini) on Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) in the Philippines
Authors: Calcetas Orlando , Adorada Joel , Amalin Divina
Published: September 2024

Amphitricia flachi (Brenske, 1892) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Rhizotrogini) is an emerging insect pest of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) in the Philippines. The larva of this pest feeds on the roots of cacao, and the adult emerges from the root, as evidenced by an exit hole near the base of the tree, thereby causing significant damage and eventually death to the tree. The pest was monitored from different cacao plantations in Bongabon, Nueva Ecija; Bani, Pangasinan; Sariaya, Quezon; and Tuy, Batangas. The feeding damage of the beetle is characterized, and some integrated pest management considerations were reviewed.
First Record of Alkalinema sp. (Cyanobacteria) Thermophilic Strains in Negros Oriental, Philippines
Authors: dela Cerna Vienna Ai Marie , Geraldino Paul John
Published: September 2024

Negros Oriental in the Philippines provides a rich diversity of geothermal habitats. Despite the abundance, there are only a few published thermophile studies in the area. This study aimed to isolate thermophilic cyanobacteria from a hot spring in Negros Oriental and use morphological and molecular features for characterization and identification. Six filamentous, homocystous cyanobacteria designated as CV1, CV2, CV3, CV4, CV5, and CV6 were successfully isolated and cultured. Morphological characterization showed light green to blue-green sheathed trichomes that form an interwoven pattern similar to the recently identified cyanobacterium, Alkalinema. Partial 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed 98.58% identity of the strains with Alkalinema pantanalense DCHY213, and phylogenetic analysis placed them under the family Leptolyngbyaceae – hence forming a separate cluster from other A. pantanalense strains. The differences in ecotype and morphotype, as well as the distinct clustering in the phylogenetic tree of the Negros Oriental strains, imply the possibility of belonging to a different species. Amylase activity was detected in all strains except CV4, hence implying their potential for bioactive metabolite studies. These results highlight the importance of untapped extreme environments in the country for the discovery of novel or recently identified microorganisms that have taxonomical, ecological, and biotechnological applications.
Design and Formulation of High-quality Probiotic Honey from Mamasa, West Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Putra Nurdin Muhammad Rizaldi Trias Jaya , Manguntungi Baso , Muis Nurmuliayanti , Puspita Sari Arlinda , Ariandi Ariandi , Wahid Masyitha , Hidayah Nurul , Damayanti Mesra , Yunus Muh Rizal Kurniawan , Jirana Jirana , Amaliah Nur , Hasan Phika Ainnadya , Arifin Asia , Makerra Andi Dewi Rizka Ainulia , Asrirawan Asrirawan , Mustopa Apon Zaenal , Masniawati Masniawati
Published: September 2024

The research aimed to investigate the efficacy of fermented Mamasa honey with Lacticaseibacillus casei strain NC1 as a potential treatment for diabetes mellitus, considering the high prevalence rate of 10.8 million patients in Indonesia and the challenges posed by expensive and less effective diabetes treatments. Methodologically, the study involved fermenting honey with L. casei strain NC1 and evaluating its antidiabetic properties and antioxidant activity. Encouragingly, the results of this study revealed notable outcomes – the fermented honey exhibited significant antidiabetic activity, particularly evident at an optical density (OD) of 0.75 after 72 h of incubation, hence surpassing the efficacy of the positive control (acarbose). Additionally, the antioxidant testing demonstrated strong antioxidant potential, with the highest activity observed in black honey at the same OD and incubation period. The fermented honey demonstrated significant antidiabetic activity, with the highest effectiveness observed at an OD of 0.75 after 72 h of incubation. The antidiabetic activity reached 20006.3%, hence surpassing the efficacy of the positive control (acarbose), which only achieved 639.8%. The antioxidant testing of the fermented honey also yielded positive results, with the highest activity observed in black honey at OD 0.75 after 72 h of incubation. The antioxidant activity was recorded at 199.1%, hence indicating strong antioxidant potential. In the organoleptic test, white honey produced after a 48-h incubation period was preferred by the respondents.
Distribution and Characteristics of Spiny Lobster (Panulirus spp.) Puerulus Collection Sites in Palawan, the Philippines
Authors: Mecha Niño Jess Mar , Dolorosa Roger
Published: September 2024

Identifying the collection sites for the wild seeds of a highly valued species is crucial for the conservation and management of its wild population and habitat. This study is the first to document the distribution and the characteristics of spiny lobster puerulus collection sites in Palawan, Philippines. The data were obtained from various key informants, site visits, and historical imagery from Google Earth Pro and Sentinel 2A of Copernicus between January 2021–December 2023. The data were loaded into the QGIS v3.28 software to produce a map of each locality projecting the distribution and characteristics of spiny lobster puerulus collection sites. The results showed that the collection began in the municipality of Sofronio Española in 2019 and eventually spread southward and northward along the east coast of Palawan. The municipalities on the east coast of Palawan such as Sofronio Española, Narra, and Roxas had the highest number of collection sites, whereas fewer on the west coast such as in Rizal. Most of the collection sites were located generally along the intertidal zones or embayment with sandy- muddy to rubble substrates adjacent to mangrove forests, or within seagrass or seaweed, and coral reef ecosystems. To conserve and manage the spiny lobster puerulus fishery, the revision of the provincial ordinance on spiny lobster puerulus collection in Palawan should include the proper zoning of collection sites, imposing catch limits, and annual catch monitoring. Venturing into spiny lobster aquaculture can help reduce the fishing pressure and enhance the earnings of the people.
Production and Characterization of Rice Flour as Reference Material for Chemical Analysis
Authors: Dajay Leah , Cotara Jolly , Laurea Jennifer , Martin Mylene , Parcarey Maricar Giel , Adona Jr Prudencio
Published: September 2024

Proper application of reference materials (RMs) is one of the key components of the quality assurance procedure used to validate analytical methods and ensure that test data is traceable to a fundamental standard. This study was conducted to develop rice flour as an RM. Locally available commercial rice (Oryza sativa) was sampled from a locally available supermarket, ground, mixed with zinc fortificant, pulverized, and homogenized. Homogeneity of the RM was established following ISO Guide 35:2017. The RM property values for proximate and minerals were obtained through an interlaboratory comparison collaborated by 20 local testing laboratories. Continuous analysis of selected measurands by a credible subcontractor was conducted periodically to monitor its stability. The property values of the spiked rice flour RM, expressed as mean ± expanded uncertainty, were as follows: moisture (9.67 ± 0.87 g/ 100 g), protein (7.06 ± 0.46 g/ 100 g), ash (0.37 ± 0.08 g/ 100 g), potassium (64.03 ± 8.09 mg/ 100 g), and zinc (6.40 ± 1.57 mg/ 100 g). The mean was obtained by ANOVA of the laboratories’ result, whereas the expanded uncertainty was derived from the standard uncertainty associated with heterogeneity, short-term and long-term stability, and characterization of the property value of the RM. Spiked rice flour RM was successfully developed for use by testing laboratories as internal QCTM and for method validation purposes. It is highly recommended that the DOST- FNRI strengthen more its qualification in providing quality yet affordable RMs, following international guidelines.
Topological Approach for Detection of Structural Breakpoints in Philippine Stock Price Data Surrounding the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Riñon Ela Mae , Sambayan Rachelle
Published: September 2024

Topological data analysis (TDA) is a novel but rigorous framework used to identify the underlying shape and structure of a huge data set. In this study, we demonstrated how TDA can be useful in analyzing and predicting stock market movement. The study collected time-series data from the Philippine Stock Exchange of companies that were heavily affected by lockdown measures implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic and those that thrived. The study found that during market crashes, persistence diagrams revealed a presence of persistence weakening phenomenon. Moreover, by analyzing the stock price movement given an interval of time, the persistence landscape graphs produced high points or bumps during a market drop, which corresponds to structural breakpoints in the time series. Indeed, persistent homology can be used to predict early warning signs of probable market crashes.
Effect of Drying Methods on the Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Leaf of Agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis Lam.)
Authors: Delica-Balagot Kimberly , Halasan Hazel Grace , Martinez Cherrie Mae , Collera John Jefferson , Balagot Kim Wilmer , Kamantigue Edmark , Samiano Florena , Lapuz Rebecca
Published: September 2024

This study is a preliminary analysis of the effect of various drying techniques on the phenolic components and antioxidant capability for developing protocols to produce herbal products from Aquilaria malaccensis. Aquilaria leaf samples (ALS) were subjected to different drying methods such as air-dry (AD), oven-dry (OD), sun-dry (SD), drying with food dehydrator (DD), and a combination of air-dry and use of dehydrator (CAD). After drying and grinding, samples were infused with hot water. Different parameters such as water extract, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activities were evaluated. Results revealed that there was no significant difference in the water extract of ALS among different methods. High TPC concentrations were recorded at SD, OD, and DD. The highest TFC concentration was observed in CAD and was significantly different among the drying treatments. Further, using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, the dehydrated-ALS possessed the highest antioxidant capacity of 524.33 ± 0.04 μmol TEAC/g among the treated samples. Meanwhile, based on the cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assay, the highest antioxidant activity among the treatments was sundried-ALS with a value of 391.70 ± 0.037 μmol TEAC/g sample. Based on these findings, the drying methods – particularly utilizing a dehydrator, sun- drying, or a combination of air-drying and using a dehydrator – all preserve the phenolics and antioxidant properties of A. malaccensis. Overall, the drying process significantly influenced the chemical characteristics and antioxidant activity of A. malaccensis tea.
Preliminary Study on the Chemical Properties of Non-Oak Wood Species: Suitability for Wooden Barrel Production
Authors: Balagot Kim Wilmer , Emprese Melvie , Delica-Balagot Kimberly , Cuaresma Caezar , Mari Erlinda
Published: September 2024

Oak wood (Quercus spp.) is the traditional and widely utilized raw material for wooden barrels deployed for the maturation of alcoholic beverages. The chemical compounds, extractives, lignin, hemicellulose, and others, in the wood are claimed to significantly influence the sensory attributes of the beverages during the aging process. The study aimed to assess the chemical properties of non-oak wood species. These species include Sandoricum koetjape (Burm. f.) Merr., Swietenia macrophylla King, Acacia mangium Willd., and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh., which are all locally available. The investigation was prompted by the limited availability and exorbitant fees associated with the importation of oak barrels into the country. The chemical properties of these non-oak wood species were compared to those of Quercus alba. The effects of tree species (TS) and tree portions (TP) on the chemical properties were evaluated using different TAPPI and ASTM methods. Results showed that S. macrophylla had the highest solubilities with 29.12, 14.64, and 9.09% in 1% sodium hydroxide solution, hot water, and ethanol-cyclohexane, respectively – higher than the solubilities of Q. alba in the three solvents. Meanwhile, E. camaldulensis had the highest lignin content (23.82%), whereas S. koetjape had the lowest lignin and S. macrophylla had the highest hemicellulose content. Q. alba had higher lignin content than all the species studied. The species’ alpha-cellulose contents were lower than that of Q. alba, whereas their holocellulose values were higher. Overall, the effect of TP (top, middle, and bottom) on the chemical composition of each of the wood samples was determined to have little to no effect on the chemical properties, hence indicating a relatively homogeneous distribution of chemical components from top to bottom. On the other hand, TS highly significant effect on the wood species on all the chemical properties analyzed. Overall, locally available non-oak wood species could be suitable as a raw material for wooden barrel fabrication. However, there is a need to conduct further studies on their anatomical, physico-mechanical, and other chemical properties.
Anti-angiogenic Activities of Methanol Extracts of Imbao (Anodontia edentula) Using Chorioallantoic Membrane Assay
Authors: Domaub Nour Adel , Coronel Kimverly Hazel , Solon Christine Cherry , Moneva Carlo Stephen
Published: September 2024

Angiogenesis is a physiological process with a role in vessel proliferation that is significant in tumor development. Inhibition of this process is called anti-angiogenesis, employing the use of various natural medical agents. These include mollusks, which are deemed as a source of different medicinal compounds that can act as anti-angiogenesis treatments utilized in cancer therapy. This study aims to investigate different concentrations of methanol extracts of a molluscan marine bivalve, Anodontia edentula, and determine the anti-angiogenic activity of the extract using chorioallantoicmembrane (CAM) assay. By utilizing vessel count analysis, results show A. edentula extracts exhibit anti-angiogenic activity, with negative values in percent growth and positive values in percent inhibition. Two out of four concentrations of extracts (1000 and 500 ppm) exhibit no significant difference with positive control (ibuprofen) regarding its anti-angiogenic ability. It is highly recommended to investigate the compounds responsible for the angiogenic inhibition observed in A. edentula.
Assessment of Nutritional Quality of Plant-based Meat Alternatives Sold in the Philippines
Authors: Pagulayan Jin Mark , Tolentino Mark Paulo , Anapi Gerieka , Basinang Airisse Rae , Villarino Casiana Blanca
Published: September 2024

Plant-based meat alternatives (PBMAs) have been included in Filipino’s diet since their availability in the Philippines, making it important to evaluate their nutritional profile to assist consumers in purchase and consumption decisions. This study identified various PBMAs in Metro Manila, Bulacan, and Pampanga. Information based on the labels of PBMAs and animal- based meats (ABM) was collected and evaluated. PBMAs (n = 37) included chicken products (n = 4), ground meat (n = 5), patties and sausages (n = 19), jerkies (n = 4), and others [i.e. tocino (Philippine sweet bacon), luncheon meat, and belly rolls]. PBMAs generally have lower energy, total and saturated fat, and higher price/g protein, dietary fiber, sodium, and calcium content compared to ABM. Proteins, carbohydrates, and other micronutrients (i.e. iron, potassium, and vitamin B complex) vary depending on the meat category and ingredient used. Current findings highlight the need to redesign existing PBMAs considering nutritional and economic factors to be at par with ABMs.
Metabolism Capacity of Medium Chain Fatty Acids from Virgin Coconut Oil: an In Vivo Study
Authors: Nguyen Van Thi Ai
Published: September 2024

In this study, the types of fatty acids in the liver tissue of mice were evaluated under different diets. As a result, mice fed with a high-fat diet – including basic pellets mixed with eight percent (w/w) peanut oil, two percent (w/w) cholesterol, and 0.1% (w/w) calcium carbonate – showed the highest cholesterol content (1.5 ± 0.08 mg/100 g) compared to normal mice (0.23 ± 0.04 mg/100 g). Whereas the cholesterol content in the liver tissue of mice fed with basic pellets and orally treated with a free fatty acid fraction (FFA1) from virgin coconut oil, which was made up of the C8:0–C12:0 fraction (97.3%) was prepared did not differ from the control group (using only standard pellets). This demonstrated that MCFA (C8:0–C12:0) was directly consumed and converted to energy without accumulating cholesterol. The gas chromatography analysis result showed that the fat droplets in the liver tissues of treated mice were mostly saturated long-chain fatty acids (LCFA), in which C16:0 and C18:0 carbon chain length fatty acids were predominant in the liver tissue. The results confirmed the hypothesis that MCFA is preferentially absorbed and converted to energy while saturated LCFA has a tendency to induce fat accumulation in the metabolic pathway.
Telepsychiatry Enables Better Mental Health Care Access in a Southern Philippines Hospital: a Mixed Methods Outcome Evaluation
Authors: Candelario Jr Gregorio , Candelario Cristela Mae , Villanueva Reagan Joseph
Published: September 2024

The Philippines faces a significant unmet need for mental health care services, especially in remote and underserved areas with limited access to traditional in-person psychiatric services. Telepsychiatry offers a potential solution for bridging this gap and improving access to care. This study aimed to evaluate the telepsychiatry service in a Level 1 government hospital in southern Philippines and assess its feasibility for improving mental healthcare access. This evaluation study used a mixed-methods approach, including quantitative analysis of patient demographic data and psychiatric diagnoses retrieved from medical records (2018–2021), as well as qualitative in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with patients, guardians, and hospital staff. A SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) analysis was also conducted to assess areas for improvement. The majority of patients were between 18–35 yr old, male, and single. The most common diagnoses were schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders, followed by depressive and anxiety disorders. Key issues included medicine shortage, lack of communication, and poor Internet connectivity. However, stakeholders cited advantages such as access to free consultations, timely diagnosis, and potential for service scale- up. This study features telepsychiatry's potential for enabling better mental health care access in resource-constrained areas of the Philippines. It is the first to demonstrate telepsychiatry service provision from a specialist hospital to a Level 1 government hospital in the country. However, sustained multi-sector and multi-level coordination is crucial for long-term viability. Recommendations for enhancement and future research directions are provided.
Defining Risk: Hepatitis A Virus in Philippine Shellfish (Oyster and Mussels)
Authors: Rustia Abigail , Lopez Crisanto , Barrios Erniel , Tanay Dennis , Lagazon Patricia Mae , Gosilatar John Carlo , Dalmacio Leslie
Published: September 2024

The hepatitis A virus (HAV) endemicity in the Philippines ranges from moderate to high. Despite this, health risks related to local seafood consumption are associated with red tide or mass fish kill. However, government agencies should consider the safety of local shellfish and culture sites to HAV. This article examines the current trends relevant to the presence of HAV along the local shellfish supply chain – including production levels, microbial concentration, consumer behavior, and food safety regulations. Despite the susceptibility of local shellfish to HAV, the study identified crucial data gaps: [1] reliance on bacterial indicators, [2] absence of monitoring records for HAV concentration in local shellfish products and culturing sites, and [3] limited studies regarding the effect of local cooking practices on HAV inactivation. The synthesis of this analysis will guide the national food safety risk managers in addressing the identified data gaps to facilitate a full-blown food risk analysis of HAV in Philippine shellfish.
Potential of Dioscorea spp. for Bioethanol Production Using Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation Method
Authors: Chaitanoo Ninlawan , Junphong Autchara , Chaiya Atchara , Chaiwong Kanyaphorn , Vuthijumnonk Janyawat
Published: September 2024

Thailand is globally recognized for its rich biodiversity, a characteristic that extends to the diverse species of indigenous yams within the Dioscorea spp. genus. With the energy crisis, the selection of agricultural materials for ethanol production to replace the use of economic crops is therefore necessary. This research focuses on six specific yam varieties: Amorphophallus konjac, Colocasia esculenta, Dioscorea bulbifera, Dioscorea alata, Dioscorea hispida, and Dioscorea esculenta. The primary objective is to investigate their bioethanol productivity through the implementation of a separate hydrolysis and fermentation process, with the broader aim of contributing to the potential preservation of these invaluable indigenous yam species. Initiating the study, the experimental samples underwent hydrolysis by alpha-amylase enzyme (1% w/winitial starch) for 180 min, followed by glucoamylase enzyme (1% w/winitial starch) for an additional 72 h. Post the initial hydrolysis, the detection of small molecule sugars by high-performance liquid chromatography, revealed a range of 14.49 ± 1.10 to 28.89 ± 0.03 gtotal sugar/L, with maltose emerging as the predominant sugar compound. Subsequent to the second hydrolysis, it was observed that maltose and starch residues across all six samples underwent successful digestion. The peak glucose productivity was attained at the 12-h mark post-glucoamylase hydrolysis. Among the diverse yam varieties under examination, Dioscorea hispida exhibited the highest glucose production, showcasing a hydrolysis efficiency of 62.53 ± 2.08%. Following the fermentation process with S. cerevisiae, the optimal fermentation time was identified as 72 h, at which point all available glucose in the hydrolysate was fully utilized. The bioethanol productivity spanned from 32.31 ± 3.40 to 43.66 ± 0.02 g/L, with Dioscorea hispida demonstrating the highest ethanol productivity at 0.61 ± 0.00 g/L/h, and a yield of 0.42 ± 0.01 gEtOH/gGlucose. These findings underscore the potential of Dioscorea hispida as a promising contributor to bioethanol production.
Investigating the Relationship between Trade Openness and Government Size for Selected South Asian Countries
Authors: Saghir Rabia , Awais Muhammad
Published: September 2024

An essential assumption in the study is that trade openness creates external risk and government increases its expenditures for social protection against externally generated instability. When there are efficient bureaucrats, the size of government reduces to increase the trade openness. Trade openness creates volatility and bureaucratic efficiency may undercut the government consumption. Thus, the government addresses different challenges more efficiently and less costly due to efficient bureaucracy. This paper makes available the empirical evidence of the relationship between trade openness, bureaucratic efficiency and government size
Democracia, direitos políticos e diversidade: a garantia no plano concreto dos direitos políticos e fundamentais
Authors: Fachin Luiz Edson , Santos Polianna Pereira dos
Published: September 2024

O presente estudo se propõe a dialogar com a controvérsia que emerge da relação entre a garantia no plano concreto dos direitos políticos e fundamentais de forma não excludente e a maior qualidade da democracia. Para tanto, em termos de debate acadêmico, discorre sobre a concepção de democracia em sociedades complexas e diversas o princípio da igualdade e a adoção de instrumentos para o aperfeiçoamento e aprofundamento das instituições democráticas tornando-as mais responsivas, a partir da experiência da jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) e da atuação normativa do Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (TSE).
“O tempo da política vem aí”: os povos indígenas e as eleições legislativas municipais de 2024
Authors: Paula Luís Roberto de , Pataxó Samara , Verdum Ricardo
Published: September 2024

Em pouco mais de um ano, estaremos imersos no “tempo da política”. O objetivo deste artigo é trazer à luz um conjunto de dados e refexões sobre a participação dos povos indígenas na política institucional do país, bem como contribuir para que seus direitos civis e principalmente políticos sejam garantidos e efetivados, além de estimular os diversos atores sociais interessados, em particular suas próprias lideranças e organizações indígenas, a intensifcarem ou iniciarem mobilização estratégica com vistas a obter maior e melhor resultado no processo eleitoral municipal de 2024. Para tanto, ele está dividido em duas partes: na primeira, recuperamos e sintetizamos dados quantitativos sobre a participação indígena em processos eleitorais municipais apresentados em outros trabalhos; na segunda, apontamos um conjunto de obstáculos e possíveis soluções para que a participação indígena no próximo pleito eleitoral tenha como resultado a ampliação tanto das candidaturas a serem articuladas e lançadas quanto da efetiva conquista de mandatos dos Poderes Executivo e Legislativo municipais. Para tanto, distinguimos três dimensões estratégicas para mapeamento de ações necessárias para o fortalecimento da participação política indígena no cenário municipal e nacional: a base eleitoral indígena, as candidaturas e os mandatos conquistados.
A falta de representatividade das minorias identitárias nos parlamentos brasileiros: a crise na democracia representativa
Authors: Garcia Luiz Carlos , Lacerda Gustavo Marcel Filgueiras , Lima Nayara Maria de
Published: September 2024

O modelo representativo das democracias liberais, especialmente no Brasil, vivencia uma crise. Portanto, é necessária uma releitura desse paradigma, considerando a falta de representatividade das minorias sociais nos parlamentos pátrios, haja vista que diversos grupos minoritários não são efetivamente representados na política devido à metodologia vigente, fcando, dessa forma, submetidos a uma espécie de sub-representação. Tem-se uma ideia de participação na construção histórica, mas o que de fato ocorre é o controle social pelo próprio sistema e a sociedade atuando apenas como um dos meios para sua manutenção. Considerando as razões apresentadas, este trabalho, utilizando uma metodologia qualitativa e quantitativa – com análise de dados e sua interpretação – compreende serem necessárias propostas de maior inclusão política no que tange aos processos democráticos, inclusive com medidas que proporcionem aumento da representação dos grupos sub-representados, especialmente quando tratar de minorias ou daqueles sujeitos a desigualdades estruturais.
Contribuições da Justiça Eleitoral para a concretização jurídica da proteção de dados pessoais do eleitorado brasileiro
Authors: Jucá Roberta Laena Costa , Oliveira Marcos Heleno Lopes , Rodrigues Tatiana Kolly Wasilewski
Published: September 2024

O presente artigo se justifca pela importância do tema proteção de dados pessoais no mundo atual, imerso no novo cenário de desenvolvimento social com base na tecnologia de tratamento de dados, inovação e internet. Objetiva-se inserir o assunto proteção de dados pessoais no sistema jurídico brasileiro, em especial para aproximá-lo ao múnus constitucional atribuído à Justiça Eleitoral (JE). A relevância do tema se destaca pela necessária e urgente concretização da proteção de dados pessoais em relação às atividades da JE, a qual realiza atividades primordiais para a manutenção e para o fortalecimento da cidadania e da democracia por meio das eleições. A segurança e a transparência no tratamento dos dados do eleitorado também refetem essa importância. A pesquisa se deu sobre bases dedutivas, com pesquisa e análise de produção doutrinária e jurisprudencial direcionada ao tema, a fm de permitir a análise e as considerações sobre o assunto proposto.
Código eleitoral anotado e legislação complementar
Authors:   Brasil. Tribunal Superior Eleitoral
Published: September 2024

A 16ª edição do Código Eleitoral Anotado e Legislação Complementar, atualizada até 16/5/2024, traz as mudanças legislativas publicadas desde a última edição, destacando-se as promovidas pela Súmula-TSE n. 73/2024, que trata da fraude à cota de gênero; pelas Resoluções-TSE n. 23740/2024 e 23.735/2024, que disciplinam, respectivamente, os temas juiz eleitoral das garantias e ilícitos eleitorais; e pela Resolução-TSE n. 23709/2022, que disciplina o procedimento de execução e cumprimento de decisões impositivas de multas e outras sanções de natureza pecuniária, exceto criminais, proferidas pela Justiça Eleitoral. Além disso, esta edição levou em conta as alterações da Emenda Constitucional n. 127/2022 às normas da Emenda Constitucional n. 109/2021. Com notas sobre a jurisprudência do TSE e apontamentos remissivos, esta obra é fonte qualificada para a consulta dos diplomas que regem a Justiça Eleitoral – como o Código Eleitoral, a Lei das Eleições, a Lei dos Partidos Políticos e a Lei de Inelegibilidade, dentre outros.
Implementation of The School Budget Activity Plan Application (Arkas) And The Bos Fund Management Information System On The Accountability Of Bos Financial Reporting In Education Entities In Cirebon City
Authors: Syarif Mohammad , Wahdiat Irwan Sutirman
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this study was to analyse the effect of the School Budget Activity Plan (ARKAS) application and the BOS Management Information System (SIMBOS) application on the accountability of financial reporting of BOS funds in elementary schools in Cirebon City. We conducted this research using quantitative methods. We distributed questionnaires as part of the data collection technique. Furthermore, we will conduct validity and reliability tests on the responses to these questionnaires. We carried out the data analysis using linear regression. This research findings that the use of the School Budget Work Plan (ARKAS) application significantly influences the accountability of BOS fund use in elementary schools in Cirebon City, with better use of the ARKAS application leading to more transparent use of BOS funds. The BOS Management Information System (SIMBOS) also has a significant effect on the transparency of the use of BOS funds in public elementary schools in Cirebon City. The better the use of the ARKAS application, the more transparent the use of BOS funds.
The Influence of Employee Competence and Commitment on Employee Performance with Organizational Citizenship Behavior as a Mediation Variable at PT Complus Solution System
Authors: Cahyaningrum Fitri
Published: September 2024

PT Complus Sistem Solusi (PT CSS) is an information technology equipment provider in the field of system integrators and other information technology solution providers. The purpose of the study: to analyze the influence of Employee Competence and Commitment in PT CSS in an effort to improve Employee Performance by mediating Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). Research method: using  the Structural Equation Modelling  method based on Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) with the SmartPLS data processing program. The results of the study: (1) Employee competence has a significant positive effect on employee performance, (2) Employee commitment has a negative and insignificant effect on employee performance, (3) OCB has a significant positive effect on employee performance, (4) Employee competence has a significant positive effect on OCB, (5) Employee commitment has a significant positive effect on OCB, (6) Employee competence has a significant positive effect on employee performance through OCB,  (7) Employee commitment has a significant positive effect on Employee Performance through OCB.
The role of Toll-like receptors in the etiopathogenesis and treatment of schizophrenia
Authors: Šakić Maristela , Đuričić Vanja , Mišković Antonija , Đuričić Sara , Jukić Melita
Published: September 2024

In this review paper, we present current theories about the inflammatory etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia. We mentioned the biopsychosocial etiological model of the disease and stressed the importance of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in its biological basis. We searched the literature about innate immunity, Toll-like receptors, inflammation, and neurodegeneration, and we summarized their role in the etiopathogenetic mechanisms of schizophrenia. We also found studies on available antipsychotics that can regulate the expression of Toll-like receptors and modulate innate inflammatory mechanisms. Despite the effective properties of antipsychotics in reducing psychotic symptoms, their role in inflammatory mechanisms remains imprecise and underresearched. More specific information about how antipsychotics affect neuroinflammation could lead to the development of a wider range of possible drugs that could keep inflammatory processes working properly and improve mental abilities and, ultimately, the quality of life.
Splenic infarction in patients with Epstein-Barr virus infectious mononucleosis-case reports and literature review
Authors: Skuhala Tomislava , Dragobratović Anja , Višković Klaudija , Rimac Marin , Markotić Alemka , Desnica Boško , Židovec Lepej Snježana
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is one of the most common herpes viruses in humans with over 90% of adults demonstrating antibodies to EBV. Infectious mononucleosis (IM) is the most frequently occurring clinical presentation of EBV infection and typically presents with fever, tonsillitis/pharyngitis, cervical lymph node enlargement and tenderness and fatigue. Splenomegaly is also part of the clinical presentation. Splenic infarction (SI) due to IM is rare but its exact frequency is unknown. Methods: We present two cases of SI accompanying IM caused by EBV in young adults without underlying comorbidities together with a literature review of this topic. Literature search included journal articles describing splenic infarctions confirmed by CT or MRI associated with IM due to EBV infection published in English between 2005 and 2024 in PubMed. A total of 32 case reports presenting 34 patients were selected for detailed analysis. Results: Among 34 patients, 58,8% were males and the median age was 20.97 years. Only 26.5% of patients had some chronic disease, the most common one being hereditary spherocytosis present in four patients. The most common symptoms were: fever (82.4%), abdominal pain (88.2%) localized mostly in the left upper abdomen and splenomegaly (50%). Conclusion: Our overall conclusion is that establishing the diagnosis of SI does not change the therapeutic approach in most cases and that symptomatic treatment is sufficient. In the future, greater availability of abdominal imagining methods and a higher index of suspicion will lead to more accurate data about SI.
Izolacija plućnih vena kao metoda liječenja fibrilacije atrija u Općoj bolnici Zadar od 2018. - 2022. godine
Authors: Zekanović Dražen , Schneider Lucija , Bištirlić Marin , Bakotić Zoran , Santini Mihovil
Published: September 2024

Uvod: fibrilacija atrija (FA) predstavlja najčešći poremećaj srčanoga ritma u općoj populaciji. Njezina pojavnost raste sa životnom dobi. Ranije smo na raspolaganju za liječenje fibrilacije atrija imali samo antiaritmijske lijekove, no unazad 30 godina u kliničku praksu je uvedena nova metoda liječenja fibrilacije, izolacijom plućnih vena. Bolesnici i metode: retrospektivno istraživanje provedeno je na bolesnicima liječenima od fibrilacije atrija na Odjelu kardiologije Opće bolnice Zadar od 01. siječnja 2018. do 31. prosinca 2022. godine. Tijekom navedenoga razdoblja liječeno je 746 bolesnika, 523 muškarca i 223 žene. Većina bolesnika bila je u dobnoj skupini od 50-70 godina. Istraživanje je provedeno na temelju podataka pohranjenih u bolničkom informatičkom sustavu (BIS). Rezultati: u razdoblju od 01. siječnja 2018. do 31. prosinca 2022. godine u Općoj bolnici Zadar liječeno je 746 bolesnika zbog FA, metodom izolacije plućnih vena. Promatrano prema godinama, 2018. godine učinjeno je 156 izolacija plućnih vena, 2019. godine učinjeno je 127, a 2020. godine 128 zahvata, dok se u 2021. godini bilježi povećenje broja zahvata na 143. Najveće povećanje broja zahvata zabilježeno je 2022. godine, tijekom koje je učinjen 191 zahvat izolacija plućnih vena. Od ukupno 746 izolacija plućnih vena, 523 (70%) je provedeno u muškaraca, a 223 (30%) u žena. Izolaciji plućnih vena su najčešće bili podvrgnuti bolesnici u dobi od 50-70 godina. Najčešća metoda izolacije plućnih vena bila je radiofrekventna ablacija. Zahvatu su nešto češće bili podvrgnuti bolesnici s perzistentnom (52%) u odnosu na paroksizmalnu (48%) fibrilaciju. Zaključak: elektrofiziološki tim Opće bolnice Zadar u liječenju bolesnika s fibrilacijom atrija, uz konzervativne metode liječenja, koristi i invazivnu metodu izolacije plućnih vena. Metoda se najčešće koristi kod bolesnika s perzistentnom atrijskom fibrilacijom i to prvenstveno kod bolesnika mlađe životne dobi.
Use of ultrasound for vascular access during cardiac catheterisation in children with congenital heart disease: a Swiss multicentre cohort study
Authors: Salihu Adil , Windheuser Isabelle Celine , Wacker Julie , Gloekler Martin , Di Bernardo Stefano
Published: September 2024

AIM OF THE STUDY: Our study aimed to assess the first-attempt success rate of ultrasound (US) and anatomical landmark (ALM) guidance for vascular cannulation in children with congenital heart disease in Switzerland.
METHODS: A prospective observational multicentre study was conducted from January 2022 to January 2023 in three university hospitals in Switzerland. We included patients with congenital heart disease aged 0 to 18 years who were scheduled for elective cardiac catheterisation. Periprocedural data were collected anonymously. The choice of vessel and guidance technique were at the operator’s discretion.
RESULTS: 177 arterial and 240 venous cannulations in 253 patients were analysed. The median age and weight were 4.4 years (interquartile range [IQR] 1.2–8.8) and 15 kg (IQR 8–27), respectively. Nearly all operators, 97.5%, were deemed experienced. The femoral artery and femoral vein were the most preferred vessels. US guidance was used in 62% of procedures, predominantly within populations who were younger, smaller and of lower weight.The success rate at the first attempt was notably higher with US guidance for arterial cannulation (US: 80%, ALM: 37%, p <0.001) and venous cannulation (US: 78% vs ALM: 47%, p <0.001). Overall success rates for venous and arterial cannulation were comparable between ultrasound and anatomical landmark guidance. A total of 45 complications (10.5%) occurred, with immediate uncomplicated haematoma being the most frequent.
CONCLUSION: US guidance is preferred for the localisation and cannulation of vessels during cardiac catheterisation within paediatric cardiology departments in Switzerland. Given its high success rate for first-attempt cannulation, US warrants additional research to evaluate its potential in reducing complications.
O BULLYING NO ENSINO MÉDIO E SUA RELAÇÃO COM O CLIMA ESCOLAR
Authors: Vaz Cassiane Morais de Borba , Trombini-Frick Loriane
Published: September 2024

The prevalence and consequences of school bullying have been widely reported in the literature. Likewise, it has been shown that this is multi-cause violence and, therefore, different aspects need to be considered for its prevention and containment, including the positive school climate. In this context, the present study proposes to investigate the phenomenon of bullying in high school and its association with the school climate and its dimensions (student-student relationships, teacher/student relationships, school safety, respect for diversity, clarity of expectations, and fairness of rules). The participants were 388 students from two public institutions in the northwest of Paraná state, who answered a questionnaire about the school climate and another about bullying victimization in 2019. This study is descriptive and relational. We analyzed the data using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression. The results predominantly indicated a positive school climate in the institutions, although we have founded evidence of bullying victimization. Regression analysis identified a significant relationship between the dimensions of the school climate, especially "student-student relationships" and "clarity of expectations," and the occurrence of bullying. Thus, we underscored the significance of fostering a positive school climate to cultivate healthy, violence-free relationships, nurture empathy among peers, and ensure clarity in institutional norms.
Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach to Portfolio Optimization in the Australian Stock Market
Authors: Wu Weiye , Hargreaves Carol Anne
Published: September 2024

The future of portfolio management is evolving from relying on human expertise to incorporating artificial intelligence techniques. Traditional techniques such as fundamental and technical analysis will eventually be replaced by more sophisticated deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithms. However, it is still a long way from designing a profitable strategy in the complex and dynamic stock market. While previous studies have focused on the American stock market, this paper applies two DRL algorithms, the proximal policy optimization (PPO) and the advantage actor–critic (A2C), to trade the constituent stocks of the Australian Securities Exchange 50 (ASX50) Index. This paper also incorporates a weighted moving average into the action space and introduces a transaction threshold to help agents minimize trivial trades that lead to high transaction costs. The results are presented and benchmarked against the ASX50 Index. The A2C agent was better at following trends and had the higher upside potential but can suffer from more severe damage during bearish markets. On the other hand, the PPO agent had the lowest annual volatility and the highest maximum drawdown, which is more helpful in a bearish or volatile market.
Plan and Implementation of Collaborative Vee Heuristic (CVH) Instructional Approach and Students’ Academic Performance in Chemistry
Authors: Oluwatosin Ajayi Victor
Published: September 2024

The study was on how to plan a Collaborative Vee Heuristic (CVH) instructional package and investigate if the implementation of CVH instructional package in Chemistry classroom could enhance students’ academic performance. The study adopted a pre-test, post-test, control group, quasi-experimental research design. The instruments used for data collection was Chemistry Academic Performance Test (CAPT). Kuder-Richardson (KR-21) formula was used to test internal consistency of CAPT which yielded a reliability value of 0.87. The population of the study was made up of 8637 Senior Secondary 2 students offering Chemistry in the 47-government approved secondary schools in the study area. A sample of 152 students was purposively sampled from four schools out of 47 schools in the study area. Two research questions and three null hypotheses guided the study. The research questions were answered using Mean and Standard Deviation scores while the null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance using results from Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The study revealed that there is a significant difference between CVH and discussion method of teaching in favor of CVH approach [F (1,151) = 143.005, p < 0.05]. It was found that no significant difference between the mean academic performance of male and female students taught Chemistry using CVH approach [F1, 100 = .420, P > 0.05]. It is also found that there is no significant difference between the mean academic performance of male and female students taught Chemistry using CVH approach [F1, 100 = .420, P > 0.05]. It was revealed that there is no significant interaction effect of treatments and gender on the mean academic performance scores of students in Chemistry [F1, 151 = .019, P > 0.050]. It was recommended among others that since CVH approach was found to be effective approach for improving students’ academic performance regardless of gender.
50 principios fundamentales de la animación : 2D, 3D y videojuegos
Authors: Pagès Maria
Published: September 2024

Mi intención con este texto es hacer un recorrido por los inicios de la historia de la animación para comprobar que la animación hecha en España durante los años cuarenta del siglo XX sigue vigente. Esto es así gracias a que se gestó un engranaje técnico, artístico y humano con suficiente madurez y del que nos seguimos nutriendo hoy en día. Sin saberlo, encontramos principios tradicionales como el de aplastar y encoger un personaje en los actuales largometrajes 3D; o nos topamos con la inserción de una panorámica continua típica de la truca multiplana tradicional en los videojuegos de plataforma con su efecto parallax, que permite perseguir al protagonista saltando de plataforma en plataforma. El estudio de films de nuestra historia animada, combinado con un panorama contextual más amplio, enriquecerá la concepción de aquellos derivados que utilizan el mismo lenguaje actualmente: videojuegos, animación 3D, animación tradigital y realidad virtual.
Imetelstat (Rytelo) for Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Authors:   Editors from The Medical Letter
Published: September 2024

The FDA has approved imetelstat (Rytelo – Geron), a first-in-class telomerase inhibitor, for treatment of low- to intermediate-1 risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) in adults with transfusion-dependent anemia requiring 4 or more red blood cell (RBC) units over 8 weeks who have not responded to, are no longer responding to, or are ineligible for erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs).