bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blow‐up phenomena for a pseudo‐parabolic equation
Authors: Luo Peng
Published: August 2014

By the means of a differential inequality technique, we obtain a lower bound for blow‐up time if p and the initial value satisfy some conditions. Also, we establish a blow‐up criterion and an upper bound for blow‐up time under some conditions as well as a nonblow‐up and exponential decay under some other conditions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Power‐conservative server consolidation based resource management in cloud
Authors: Perumal Varalakshmi , Subbiah Sankari
Published: August 2014

The cloud computing environment is a real‐time communication network that involves a large number of systems connected in a distributed fashion, for which resources are available on demand. In recent years, due to the enormous growth of data and information, data maintenance tasks involve a major effort in information technology (IT) industries. So, IT industries are concentrating on the cloud computing environment in order to maintain their data and manage their resources. Owing to the increase in the number of data centres, which have an impact on electrical energy cost, peak power dissipation, cooling and carbon emission, power‐conservation‐based resource management is essential. A best‐fit heuristic job placement algorithm is proposed in this paper in order to increase the job allocation percentage, a worst‐fit heuristic virtual machine (VM) placement algorithm is also proposed in order to place the VMs over the physical machines (PMs) thereby reducing the number of the latter allotted, and a server consolidation algorithm is proposed in order to improve power conservation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interpolating minimal energy C1‐Surfaces on Powell–Sabin Triangulations: Application to the resolution of elliptic problems
Authors: Fortes M. A. , González P. , Ibáñez M. J. , Pasadas M.
Published: August 2014

In this article, we present a method to obtain a C1‐surface, defined on a bounded polygonal domain Ω, which interpolates a specific dataset and minimizes a certain “energy functional.” The minimization space chosen is the one associated to the Powell–Sabin finite element, whose elements are C1‐quadratic splines. We develop a general theoretical framework for that, and we consider two main applications of the theory. For both of them, we give convergence results, and we present some numerical and graphical examples. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 31: 798–821, 2015
Heparin co‐factor II enhances cell motility and promotes metastasis in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Liao Wei‐Yu , Ho Chao‐Chi , Hou Hsin‐Han , Hsu Tsi‐Hsuan , Tsai Meng‐Feng , Chen Kuan‐Yu , Chen Hsuan‐Yu , Lee Yung‐Chie , Yu Chong‐Jen , Lee Chau‐Hwang , Yang Pan‐Chyr
Published: August 2014

Using the Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) database from the Cancer Genome Anatomy Project, we identified heparin co‐factor II (HCII), which is over‐expressed in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we investigated the clinical significance of HCII and provided molecular evidence to support the suggestion that HCII could enhance cancer metastasis in NSCLC. We found that high HCII expression in tumour tissue was associated with increased cancer recurrence and shorter overall survival times in 75 clinically operable NSCLC patients. High pretreatment plasma concentration of HCII was associated with reduced overall survival in 57 consecutive NSCLC patients. We over‐expressed and knocked down HCII expression in lung cancer cell lines and confirmed that HCII could promote cell motility, invasion ability and filopodium dynamics in NSCLC cells in vitro and increased metastatic colonization in an in vivo mouse model. Exogenous treatment of HCII promoted cancer cell migration, and this promigratory effect of HCII was independent of thrombin. We further showed that HCII could up‐regulate cancer cell migration through the activation of PI3K, which acts upstream of Rac1 and Cdc42, and this effect could be blocked by heparin. We suggest that HCII is a novel metastasis enhancer and may be used as a prognostic predictor for heparin treatment in NSCLC. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
In situ preparation of polyimide/titanium carbide composites with enhanced dielectric constant
Authors: Weng Ling , Xia Qian‐shan , Yan Li‐wen , Liu Li‐zhu , Sun Zhi
Published: August 2014

A series of polyimide/titanium carbide (PI/TiC) composites with different TiC contents were prepared using the ultrasonic dispersion and in situ polymerization method. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), mechanical, and electrometer were used to characterize the structure and properties of the obtained composites. The morphological study of composites by AFM and SEM showed that TiC particles had a homogeneous dispersion in polyimide matrix with nanoscale at low filler dosage (≤10% volume content). X‐ray diffractions (XRDs) indicated that the doping of TiC slightly reduced the packing density of polyimide and destructed the aggregation structure of polyimide molecules. Experimental results showed that the obtained PI/TiC composites exhibited appropriate mechanical properties and moderate electric breakdown strength. Dielectric investigation evidenced that the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss of these composites increased with the increase of the volume fraction of TiC particles. The composite with 20 vol% TiC particles showed a highest dielectric constant of 37 while retaining an appropriate dielectric loss of 0.026, as compared with the dielectric constant (3–4) of neat polyimide resin. In addition, the dielectric properties of the composites displayed good stability within a wide range of frequency. The results of this work demonstrate the potential use of a PI/TiC composite film in an embedded capacitor. POLYM. COMPOS., 125–130, 2016. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers
Synthesis, chemical resistance, and water absorption of bamboo fiber reinforced epoxy composites
Authors: Gupta Anu
Published: August 2014

Natural fiber reinforced polymer composites are being increasingly used in the civil infrastructure. They have tremendous applicability to bridge systems ranging from use in seismic retrofit and strengthening of existing structural components, either in all composite form, or in conjunction with conventional construction materials. Natural fibers are not only strong and lightweight but also relatively inexpensive. Among the various natural fibers, bamboo finds widespread use in housing construction around the world, and is considered as a promising housing material. In this article, bamboo fiber reinforced epoxy composite has been synthesized by hand lay up technique. Effect of fiber content on chemical resistance and water absorption of composites has been studied to find the industrial suitability of the composites. Scanning electron micrographs of composites were used for a qualitative evaluation of the interfacial properties of bamboo/epoxy composites. These results indicate that bamboo can be used as a potential reinforcing material for making low load bearing thermoplastic composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 141–145, 2016. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers
Statistics on the fracture strength of bamboo fibers
Authors: Wang Fang , Shao Jiaxing , Li Xue
Published: August 2014

Tensile strength is a key mechanical property of fibers used as sustainable reinforcements for advanced fiber‐reinforced composites. This study aims to conduct experimental investigation on the fracture strength of bamboo fibers of different dimensions subjected to longitudinal tensile loading. The statistical distributions of the fracture strength in bamboo fibers are correlated with the effects of fiber length and diameter variation. These are described according to Weibull statistics, which exhibit the random nature of fiber strength. The Weibull function parameters used for strength prediction are obtained from the test specimens. A comparison of predicted results and experimental data is presented to assess the accuracy of using weak‐link scaling. Furthermore, the findings of this study also indicate that fiber strength statistics dominate size dependence of tensile strength. POLYM. COMPOS., 221–228, 2016. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effect of sizing on interfacial adhesion of commercial high strength carbon fiber‐reinforced resin composites
Authors: Wu Qing , Li Min , Gu Yizhuo , Wang Shaokai , Yao Lirui , Zhang Zuoguang
Published: August 2014

The influence of sizing agent on interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of carbon fiber/epoxy (CF/EP) and carbon fiber/bismaleimide (CF/BMI) was investigated. Since sizing agent can alter physicochemical properties of CF surface, possible affecting factors, including sizing reactivity, chemical reactions between sizing and resin, wettability of fiber with resin, fiber surface roughness, and chemical composition of fiber surface, were discussed. It is found that contact angle of fiber with resin and sufficient chemical reactions between sizing and resin reveal strong correlation with the interfacial adhesion of CF/EP and CF/BMI, while the effect of surface roughness and the amount of oxygen on the fiber surface are relatively weak. Due to EP type of the composition, the sizing agent tends to improve the wettability of CF with EP, while goes against for the fiber with BMI. POLYM. COMPOS., 254–261, 2016. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers
Bending actuation and charge distribution behavior of polyurethane/carbon nanotube electroactive nanocomposites
Authors: Melvin Gan Jet Hong , Ni Qing‐Qing , Natsuki Toshiaki
Published: August 2014

The electroactive nanocomposite films were fabricated using polyurethane (PU) with modified carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as the filler. The CNTs were modified using microwave‐induced polymerization route and they were found to be highly dispersed in polar solvents such as dimethylformamide. The modified CNTs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. To evaluate these films we mainly focused on electrical properties such as actuation behavior, resistivity, impedance analysis, and space charge measurements. We found that the PU/CNT films bent toward the cathode when an electric field was applied and they reverted to its original position when the electric field was removed. Upon the incorporation of CNTs as the filler for the polymer, the electrical properties of the films improved significantly. Asymmetric charge accumulation was observed from space charge measurements in some of the films and this explains the bending deformation and the actuation behavior. POLYM. COMPOS., 262–269, 2016. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers
Physical activity and sedentary behaviour in Scottish youth with type 1 diabetes
Authors: MacMillan Freya , Kirk Alison , Mutrie Nanette , Robertson Kenneth
Published: August 2014

The purpose of this study was to objectively measure physical activity and sedentary behaviour, across week and weekend days, in Scottish children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Forty patients aged 7–9 years (n = 20) or 12–14 years (n = 20) wore accelerometers for seven days. Validated cut‐points categorised sedentary behaviour, <100cpm, and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), ≥3200cpm. Differences in behaviour based on age, gender, and diabetes treatment therapy, and patterns in behaviour were explored.

The average sedentary time was 10.2 ± 1.7 hours/day and MVPA was 43.2 ± 23.8 minutes/day. Two participants achieved 60 minutes MVPA on each accelerometer wear day and 19/40 did not achieve 60 minutes of MVPA on any day. Adolescents (11.5 ± 1.2 hours) were more sedentary than younger children (8.9 ± 1.0 hours), (Cohen's D, [d] = 2.36, p < 0.001). MVPA and sedentary behaviour were similar for insulin injection and pump users. MVPA was lower on Saturdays (32.3 ± 27.7 minutes, d = 0.56) and Sundays (34.5 ± 33.7 minutes, d = 0.40) than weekdays (44.1 ± 14.2 minutes), p < 0.05.

It was concluded that physical activity was below the recommendations for health and sedentary behaviour was high, confirming the need for intervention in youth with type 1 diabetes. Particular focus should be made to: minimise sedentary behaviour in adolescents; increase MVPA in adolescent girls; and increase MVPA in children and adolescents at weekends. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diabetes in the young: technology, engagement and context
Authors: Greene Stephen
Published: August 2014

Over the last three decades, while insulin replacement in type 1 diabetes in the young remains fundamental, the methods of delivering this therapy have changed dramatically.

‘Intensive insulin’ therapy offers the best outcome, in terms of glycaemia and long‐term health, and a shift to multiple injection therapy and pumps has become the approach promoted early after diagnosis. A recent recognition is the sustained effect of near‐normal glycaemia from diagnosis (‘metabolic memory’), achieved through strict glucose targets and dose adjustment of insulin for carbohydrate.

To use the developing technology of type 1 diabetes requires considerable motivation from patients and their families with a need for a parallel support programme from a multidisciplinary team. The components of successful adherence to the management regimens are a matching of health beliefs, attuned communication and reciprocity between those with diabetes, their families and health professionals. Innovative approaches are required to deliver these components within a health service.

For many patients across the world, the context in which they live markedly affects the treatment offered and the acceptance of the condition. With the increasing incidence of type 1 diabetes the difficulties encountered in different environments and social settings are considerable, requiring support and direction from an international ‘diabetes family’. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using motivational interviewing to engage adolescents and young adults with diabetes
Authors: Christie Deborah , Channon Sue
Published: August 2014

For young people trying to keep diabetes under control the behaviours can appear simple; e.g. following a healthy diet, regular self‐monitoring and exercise. However, clinicians and parents are often frustrated by the gap between the ‘ideal’ and ‘reality’. Young people have conflicting motivations and pressures; a change in behaviour feels too big, the rewards too distant, the personal or financial costs too high, or maybe it was never their idea to change in the first place. Attention has turned to the potential of motivational interviewing in the paediatric setting, particularly with the adolescent age group. Motivational interviewing is a directive person‐centred therapeutic style that invites individuals to explore ambivalence and find solutions that fit for them if they identify the situation as a problem. Early trials support the use of motivational interviewing in type 1 diabetes in adolescents, either as a stand‐alone treatment or as an adjunct to other treatments where it can be a method of engaging patients in the programmes thus enabling the programmes to be more effective. This paper describes the core principles and key skills of motivational interviewing and offers clinical examples with young people and parents living with diabetes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of sedentary behaviour in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Wilmot Emma
Published: August 2014

F MacMillan, et al. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour in Scottish youth with type 1 diabetes. Pages 228–233.
Successful Use of Octreotide as a Chemoprotectant for Prevention of PEG‐Asparaginase–Induced Pancreatitis
Authors: Buie Larry W. , Moore Joseph , van Deventer Hank
Published: August 2014

l‐asparaginase is an aminohydrolase that deprives leukemia cells of l‐asparagine required for protein synthesis. Although studies in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia have shown that the addition of l‐asparaginase improved the overall remission rate, life‐threatening acute pancreatitis has occurred in 0.5–4% of patients. We describe the first adult case report, to our knowledge, of the successful use of octreotide as a chemoprotectant for the prevention of recurrent pegylated asparaginase (PEG‐ASP)–induced pancreatitis in a 21‐year‐old man with Philadelphia chromosome–negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia. After recurrent PEG‐ASP administration during induction chemotherapy, he developed necrotizing pancreatitis, confirmed by abdominal computed tomography, and further asparaginase therapy was withheld. Currently, there are no specific treatment recommendations for the management of asparaginase‐induced pancreatitis other than drug discontinuation. After disease relapse, a pediatric PEG‐ASP–containing regimen was initiated, and PEG‐ASP therapy was resumed due to its potential clinical benefit. Octreotide 100 μg subcutaneously 3 times/day, utilized as a chemoprotectant, was found to prevent pancreatitis recurrence. The patient completed therapy and was able to receive a bone marrow transplant without further complications from PEG‐ASP therapy. Based on this patient's experience, we believe it is reasonable to reincorporate PEG‐ASP after an episode of pancreatitis with use of octreotide as a chemoprotectant; however, this conclusion will need to be substantiated in a randomized clinical trial with a larger group of patients.
N‐terminomics and proteogenomics, getting off to a good start
Authors: Hartmann Erica M. , Armengaud Jean
Published: August 2014

Proteogenomics consists of the annotation or reannotation of protein‐coding nucleic acid sequences based on the empirical observation of their gene products. While functional annotation of predicted genes is increasingly feasible given the multiplicity of genomes available for many branches of the tree of life, the accurate annotation of the translational start sites is still a point of contention. Extensive coverage of the proteome, including specifically the N‐termini, is now possible, thanks to next‐generation mass spectrometers able to record data from thousands of proteins at once. Efforts to increase the peptide coverage of protein sequences and to detect low abundance proteins are important to make proteomic and proteogenomic studies more comprehensive. In this review, we present the panoply of N‐terminus‐oriented strategies that have been developed over the last decade.
Diagnosis and management of headache in children and adolescents
Authors: Abu‐Arafeh Ishaq
Published: August 2014

As part of our series on managing neurological and psychiatric conditions in children and adolescents, Dr Abu‐Arafeh discusses paediatric headaches.
Guillain‐Barré syndrome patient weaned off ventilation after 22 months
Authors: Gaber Tarek A‐Z K
Published: August 2014

Respiratory failure is a common complication of Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS). Patients who need mechanical ventilation usually recover within a few weeks. Here, Dr Gaber reports a case of GBS which required mechanical ventilation for 22 months; the management of this challenging group of patients is rarely reported.
Detailed photoluminescence study of vapor deposited films of different surface morphology
Authors: Sträter Hendrik , ten Haaf Sebastian , Brüggemann Rudolf , Jakob Gerhard , Nilius Niklas , Bauer Gottfried H.
Published: August 2014

AbstractauthorenWe present a temperature‐ and intensity‐dependent photoluminescence (PL) study of the binary semiconductor on the mm‐scale and a laterally resolved PL measurement with a resolution of nm. The films can show a rather rough surface with needles and flakes of with different orientations as well as very flat and smooth surface morphology. Despite a band gap of eV the films show a splitting of quasi‐Fermi levels (QFL) of meV at room temperature.

By means of temperature‐dependent PL we have located several radiative and non‐radiative defect states in the band gap. For a better understanding of this thin film semiconductor a full analysis of the laterally resolved PL measurement including the integrated PL yield, energetic position of the PL maximum, optical band gap, splitting of quasi‐Fermi levels and defect absorption of both sample morphologies is presented to avoid misinterpretation of experimental data.
High‐Density Monolayers of Metal Complexes: Preparation and Catalysis
Authors: Hara Kenji , Sawamura Masaya , Fukuoka Atsushi
Published: August 2014

Catalysts are one of the key materials for realizing a sustainable society. However, we may encounter problematic cases where conventional catalyst systems cannot provide effective solutions. We thus believe that the establishment of novel methods of catalyst preparation is currently necessary. Utilization of high‐density monolayers of molecular metal complexes is our strategy, and we expect that this methodology will enable facile and systematic screening of unique and efficient catalysts. This Personal Account describes our challenges to establish such an immature method in catalyst preparation as well as the related background and perspective. Preparation and catalysis by high‐density monolayers of Rh complexes with N‐heterocyclic carbene, structurally compact phosphine and diisocyanide ligands on gold surfaces are presented. The catalytic application of a high‐density Pd–bisoxazoline complex prepared on a single‐crystal silicon surface is also shown. Uniquely high catalyst turnover numbers and high chemoselectivities were observed with these catalyst systems.
8‐Hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage induced by perfluorinated compounds in TK6 cells
Authors: Yahia Doha , Haruka Igarashi , Kagashi Yae , Tsuda Shuji
Published: August 2014

8‐Hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG) is the most common biomarker of oxidative DNA damage, it is formed by chemical carcinogens and can be measured in any species. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) are suspected genotoxic carcinogens through induction of reactive oxygen species that are responsible for oxidative DNA damage. This study was conducted to investigate the in vitro genotoxicity of PFOA and PFNA in human lymphoblastoid (TK6) cell line. TK6 cells were exposed to PFOA at 0, 125, 250, and 500 ppm and PFNA at 125 and 250 ppm for 2 h. Single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) was used to measure DNA damage; at least 50 cells per sample were analyzed using comet Assay Software Project (CASP). 8‐OHdG was measured in DNA of exposed cells using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)‐mass spectrometry (MS)/MS. Results showed that both PFOA and PFNA induced DNA damage indicated by increased tail length (DNA migration). The level of 8‐OHdG was increased in a dose‐dependent manner in both PFOA and PFNA exposure. We concluded that PFOA and PFNA induced DNA damage and the biomarker of oxidative DNA damage (8‐OHdG) could be measured by HPLC‐MS/MS. In addition, PFNA produced high level of 8‐OHdG at concentrations lower than PFOA, this may indicate that PFNA is more potent genotoxicant for TK6 cells than PFOA. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 192–200, 2016.
Distributed two‐hop proportional fair resource allocation in Long Term Evolution Advanced networks
Authors: Sun Chen , Wang Weidong , Zhang Yinghai , Wang Xiaojun
Published: August 2014

In Long Term Evolution Advanced networks with Type I in‐band half‐duplex decode‐and‐forward relay nodes, proportional fair (PF) resource allocation is aiming at guaranteeing two‐hop match and optimising global proportional fairness. The two‐hop match is defined as equal data rates in the access links and the corresponding backhaul links. The global proportional fairness is between all the user equipments served by the evolved nodes B and the relay nodes. Existing centralised schemes achieve these targets at the cost of enormous channel state information (CSI) exchange. Existing distributed schemes focus on resource partitioning and employ a traditional single‐hop PF scheduling algorithm in access links, with less CSI exchange. The traditional PF scheduling algorithm maximises single‐hop proportional fairness between the data rates in the access links rather than two‐hop proportional fairness between the end‐to‐end data rates in the two hops. In order to reduce CSI exchange and at the same time to maximise the two‐hop proportional fairness, a distributed two‐hop PF resource allocation scheme is proposed. The proposed scheme includes two‐hop PF resource scheduling algorithms and adaptive resource partitioning algorithms, applied in different two‐hop transmission protocols. Simulation results demonstrate the proposed scheme is better than the existing distributed schemes in obtaining better proportional fairness and larger cell‐edge user equipment throughputs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Structures, and Photoluminescent Properties of Three Coordination Polymers based on an Asymmetric Semi‐rigid V‐shaped Tricarboxylate Ligand
Authors: Shi Ting , Sun Wujuan , Zhao Wenjie , Wu He , Qu Jin , Diwu Sijun , Yang Xuwu
Published: August 2014

Three coordination polymers, [Zn(HL)(phen)(H2O)]n (1), [Zn1.5(L)(4, 4′‐bpy)1.5]n·4nH2O (2), and [Zn2(HL)2(bib)2]n·2nH2O (3), were assembled from the asymmetric semi‐rigid V‐shaped tricarboxylate ligand 4‐(2‐carboxy‐phenoxy)‐isophthalic acid (H3L) with 1, 10‐phenanthroline (phen), 4, 4′‐bipyridine(4, 4′‐bpy) and 1, 4‐bis (imidazol‐1‐yl) benzene (bib) as auxiliary ligands. Complex 1 features a one‐dimensional (1D) double‐looped chain, which is further extended into a 2D supramolecular layer via two kinds of hydrogen‐bonding interactions. Complex 2 exhibits a complicated 3D framework, which can be rationalized as a (3, 4,4)‐connected trinodal net with a unique (4·8·10) (4·8·10·123) (82·122·14·16) topology. Complex 3 has a two‐dimensional (2D) (4, 4) layer formed by the {Zn2} dinuclear SUBs and the bib ligands. The structural and topological differences of the three complexes indicate that the N‐containing auxiliary ligands play important roles in the formation of the final framework structures. In addition, complexes 1–3 were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and X‐ray powder diffraction. The thermal behaviors and luminescent properties of complexes 1–3 were also investigated in detail.
Formation of a Stannyl Amido Complex by the Reaction of a Terminal Iridium Nitrido Complex with a Stannane
Authors: Sieh Daniel , Burger Peter
Published: August 2014

The chemistry of low valent late transition metal complexes with a terminal nitrido unit still is a growing field and only few reactions have been studied so far. We have tested the reactivity of a pseudo square planar iridium nitrido complex against triphenyl tin hydride, which results in a highly water sensitive stannyl amido complex, which is an unprecedented example of a transition metal complex with a terminal N(H)–SnR3 ligand.
Impact of rainfall gradient on aboveground biomass and soil organic carbon dynamics of forest covers in Gujarat, India
Authors: Mehta Nirav , Pandya Neeta R. , Thomas V. O. , Krishnayya N. S. R.
Published: August 2014

Alterations in precipitation are affecting forest ecosystems’ soil carbon cycling. To understand how shifts in rainfall may alter these carbon pools, above‐ground biomass (AGB), soil organic carbon (SOC), and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) of tropical forest covers were measured across a rainfall gradient (543–1590 mm) in Gujarat (India), a state falling under semi arid to tropical dry–wet conditions. Species diversity, tree density and soil texture were also measured. Field visits and data collection were carried out for 2 years (2009–2011) in 95 plots of 250 × 250 m in the forest covers across four distinct rainfall zones (RFZs). Data analysis showed that differences seen in the values of the measured parameters across the RFZs are statistically significant (P < 0.05). Positive correlations were observed between mean annual precipitation (MAP) and tree density, species diversity, AGB, SOC, and MBC. Across the RFZs, AGB ranged between 0.09 and 168.28 Mg ha−1; SOC values (up to 25 cm soil depth) varied between 2.94 and 147.84 Mg ha−1. Soil texture and MBC showed a significant impact on the dynamics of SOC in all the RFZs. MBC is more influenced by SOC rather than AGB. Both vegetation type and MAP have an important role in the regulation of SOC in tropical soils. Together, these results reveal complex carbon cycle responses are likely to occur in tropical soils under altered rainfall regimes.
How much is it going to cost me? Bidirectional relations between adolescents' moral personality and prosocial behavior
Authors: Padilla‐Walker Laura M. , Fraser Ashley M.
Published: August 2014

The current study examined bidirectional relations between adolescents' moral personality (prosocial values, self‐regulation, and sympathy) and low‐ and high‐cost prosocial behavior toward strangers. Participants included 682 adolescents (M age of child = 14.31, SD = 1.07, 50% female) who participated at two time points, approximately one year apart. Cross‐lag analyses suggested that adolescents' values were associated with both low‐ and high‐cost prosocial behavior one year later, self‐regulation was associated with high‐cost prosocial behavior, and sympathy was associated with low‐cost prosocial behavior. Findings also suggested that low‐cost prosocial behavior was associated with sympathy one year later, and high‐cost prosocial behavior was associated with values. Discussion focuses on reciprocal relations between moral personality and prosocial behavior, and the need to consider a more multidimensional approach to prosocial development during adolescence.
Looking Back, Moving Forward: An Analysis of Complaints Submitted to a Canadian Tertiary Care Radiology Department and Lessons Learned
Authors: Robins Jason A. , Fasih Najla , Schweitzer Mark E.
Published: August 2014

Purpose

We present an analysis of various types and strata of complaints received in a geographically isolated tertiary care center over a 2.5-year period.

Methods

Research ethics board approval was obtained. The institution described is a closed system with formalized procedures for submitting complaints. All complaints submitted between November 2010 and March 2013 were collected retrospectively. The following data were extracted: type of complainant, nature of the complaint, site or modality of concern, dates in question, and the response. The data were analysed in multiple subgroups and compared with patient and study volume data.

Results

The frequency of complaints equalled 0.01% (100/1,050,000). The largest group of those who submitted complaints were patients (69% [69/100]), followed by referring physicians (16%). Examination scheduling and interpersonal conflicts were equally of greatest frequency of concern (21% [21/100]), followed by issues with study reporting (16%). The average time interval between complaint submission and formal address was 15 days.

Conclusions

We present a low frequency of complaints, with the majority of these complaints submitted by patients; scheduling and personal interactions were most often involved. Effective communication, both with patients and referring physicians, was identified as a particular focus for improving satisfaction.
mTOR regulates the nucleoplasmic diffusion of Xrn2 under conditions of heat stress
Authors: Watanabe Kazunori , Ijiri Kenichi , Ohtsuki Takashi
Published: August 2014

Stress induces various responses, including translational suppression and tRNA degradation in mammals. Previously, we showed that heat stress induces degradation of initiator tRNAMet (iMet) through 5′–3′ exoribonuclease Xrn1 and Xrn2, respectively. In addition, we found that rapamycin inhibits the degradation of iMet under heat stress conditions. Here, we report that the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulates the diffusion of Xrn2 from the nucleolus to the nucleoplasm, facilitating the degradation of iMet under conditions of heat stress. Our results suggest a mechanism of translational suppression through mTOR‐regulated iMet degradation in mammalian cells.
Physiatry Practice Now and in 2032: How to Thrive in the Post–Health Care Reform World
Authors: Wu Sam S.H. , Peck Jonathan , Weinstein Stuart M. , Arikan Yasemin , Bell Kathleen R. , Kaelin Darryl L.
Published: August 2014

Health care reform is upon us, including changes in models of care delivery and physician and institution compensation. The resulting tsunami of uncertainty offers physiatrists the opportunity to relocate to higher ground and help the specialty thrive as well as to identify the possible quagmires into which practices could sink. For this reason, it is prudent for physiatrists to more carefully consider how their professional lives may be altered in the aftermath of reform. We believe that understanding and preparation will facilitate opportunities and mitigate challenges. In this essay, we will discuss various alternative scenarios that represent population health and health care delivery in the year 2032, the real‐world opportunities and challenges for the physiatrist in the present and in the next 2 decades, along with ideas as to how physiatry can thrive in the post–health care reform world.
Neotectonic evolution of the Brazilian northeastern continental margin based on sedimentary facies and ichnology,
Authors: Gandini Rosana , Rossetti Dilce de Fátima , Netto Renata Guimarães , Bezerra Francisco Hilário Rego , Góes Ana Maria
Published: August 2014

Quaternary post-Barreiras sediments are widespread along Brazil's passive margin. These deposits are well exposed in the onshore Paraíba Basin, which is one of the rift basins formed during the Pangean continental breakup. In this area, the post-Barreiras sediments consist of sandstones with abundant soft-sediment deformation structures related to seismicity contemporaneous with deposition. The trace fossilsThalassinoidesandPsilonichnusare found up to 38 m above modern sea level in sandstones dated between 60.0 (± 1.4) and 15.1 (± 1.8) ka. The integration of ichnological and sedimentary facies suggests nearshore paleoenvironments. Such deposits could not be related to eustatic sea-level rise, as this time coincides with the last glaciation. Hence, an uplift of 0.63 mm/yr, or 1.97 mm/yr if sea level was 80 m lower in the last glaciation, would have been required to ascend the post-Barreiras sediments several meters above the present-day sea level during the last 60 ka. This would suggest that the post-rift stage of the South American eastern passive margin may have experienced tectonic reactivation more intense than generally recognized. Although more complete data are still needed, the information presented herein may play an important role in studies aiming to decipher the Quaternary evolution of this passive margin.
Natural Frequency and Buckling of Orthotropic Nanoplates Resting on Two-Parameter Elastic Foundations with Various Boundary Conditions
Authors: Sobhy M.
Published: August 2014

In this article, the analyses of the natural frequency and buckling of orthotopic nanoplates, such as single-layered graphene sheets, resting on Pasternak's elastic foundations with various boundary conditions are presented. New functions for midplane displacements are suggested to satisfy the different boundary conditions. These functions are examined by comparing their results with the results obtained by using the functions suggested by Reddy (Reddy JN. Mechanics of Composite Materials and Structures: Theory and Analysis. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 1997). Moreover, these functions are very simple comparing with Reddy's functions, leading to ease of calculations. The equations of motion of the nonlocal model are derived using the sinusoidal shear deformation plate theory (SPT) in conjunction with the nonlocal elasticity theory. The present SPT are compared with other plate theories. Explicit solution for buckling loads and vibration are obtained for single-layered graphene sheets with isotropic and orthotropic properties; and under biaxial loads. The formulation and the method of the solution are firstly validated by executing the comparison studies for the isotropic nanoplates with the results being in literature. Then, the influences of nonlocal parameter and the other parameters on the buckling and vibration frequencies are investigated.
Vibrational Responses of Micro/Nanoscale Beams: Size-Dependent Nonlocal Model Analysis and Comparisons
Authors: Li C. , Chen L. , Shen J.P.
Published: August 2014

A size-dependent dynamical model is suggested to investigate the vibrational characteristics of an Euler-Bernoulli micro/nanoscale beam. The strain gradient type of nonlocal elasticity is employed and a small intrinsic length scale parameter is considered in the theoretical model. A partial differential equation that governs transverse motion is derived and the corresponding ordinary differential equation and its dispersion relation are determined from the governing equation by the method of separation of variables. The problem is solved for several sets of strain gradient nonlocal boundary conditions by use of the eigenvalue method. These examples show that strain gradient nonlocality affects the natural frequencies of micro/nanoscale beams significantly. The initial axial force is also proved to play an important role in the vibrational behaviors of a micro/nanoscale beam. The critical compression and critical strain are derived and they are compared with some other approaches. The material constant in nonlocal elasticity theory can be determined by comparing the nonlocal theoretical results with molecular dynamic simulation and it is consistent with the estimation in previous work. Some further comments on the mechanisms of size dependence and physical meaning of micro/nanoscale parameter are presented. Comparisons of natural frequencies by nonlocal theory, classical theory, molecular dynamic simulation and surface effects are also constructed and they indicate the validity of the model developed in the present study.
Three-Wave Mutual-Checking Method for Data Processing of SHPB Experiments of Concrete
Authors: Wang T.-T. , Shang B.
Published: August 2014

Two-wave methods and Three-wave method are conventional methods to process the SHPB experiment data. Due to the presence of transient waves in dynamic experiments, both the stress and strain fields within a specimen are seldom absolutely uniform. Different date processing methods lead to different results. In this paper, we have developed a program to compare the results getting from different methods. The difference of the strains corresponding to the ultimate stress can reach 20%. Which one is better? One material shouldn't have different constitutive. In order to solve the problem, we have developed Three-wave mutual-checking method, which is based on the conservation of the momentum of the whole system. This method provides a checking mechanism, so some human error can be avoided when process the same experiment data. By this method, different person can obtain the only credible stress-strain curve based on the same test data.
Effects of Nanoparticle Migration on Water/Alumina Nanofluid Flow Inside a Horizontal Annulus with a Moving Core
Authors: Malvandi A. , Ganji D. D.
Published: August 2014

The present study is a theoretical investigation of the laminar flow and convective heat transfer of water/alumina nanofluid inside a horizontal annulus with a streamwise moving inner cylinder. A modified, two-component, four-equation, nonhomogeneous equilibrium model is employed for the alumina/water nanofluid, which fully accounts for the effect of the nanoparticle volume fraction distribution. To determine the effects of thermal boundary conditions on the migration of the nanoparticles, two cases are considered: constant heat flux at the outer wall with an adiabatic inner wall (Case A) and constant heat flux at the inner wall with an adiabatic outer wall (Case B). The numerical results indicate that the thermal boundary conditions at the pipe walls significantly affect the nanoparticle distribution, particularly in cases where the ratio of Brownian motion to thermophoretic diffusivities is small. Moreover, increasing the velocity of the moving inner cylinder reduces the heat transfer rate for Case A. Conversely, in Case B, the movement of the inner cylinder enhances the heat transfer rate, and anomalous heat transfer enhancement occurs when the thermophoretic force is dominant (in larger nanoparticles).
Exploring Prospective Predictors of Completed Suicides
Authors: Feigelman William , Rosen Zohn , Gorman Bernard S.
Published: August 2014

Background: This study was based on over 30,000 respondents who completed General Social Surveys between 1978 and 2002. Aims: We approached these respondents prospectively, comparing and contrasting the responses of those who subsequently died by suicide (N = 141) with those who died from all other causes (N = 9,115). Method: We employed chi-square and logistic regression analyses of important demographic confounders to test for statistically significant differences between suicide decedents and all other decedents. Results: Suicide decedents died on average 2 years sooner than all other decedents. When covariates of age and gender were applied, suicide decedents exhibited greater acceptance of suicide for dealing with various adverse life circumstances, were more likely to have been the gun owners in their households, lived in regions where gun ownership was more commonplace, and held less strong religious beliefs and less of a belief of an afterlife. Conclusion: The observed affinity between attitudes of suicide acceptability and completed suicide suggests a potential for creating a meaningful assessment tool to identify those positioned at the extreme end of the suicide risk continuum.
Ethnic Differences in Self-Poisoning Across South London
Authors: Cross Sean , Bhugra Dinesh , Dargan Paul I. , Wood David M. , Greene Shaun L. , Craig Tom K. J.
Published: August 2014

Background: Self-poisoning (overdose) is the commonest form of self-harm cases presenting to acute secondary care services in the UK, where there has been limited investigation of self-harm in black and minority ethnic communities. London has the UK’s most ethnically diverse areas but presents challenges in resident-based data collection due to the large number of hospitals. Aims: To investigate the rates and characteristics of self-poisoning presentations in two central London boroughs. Method: All incident cases of self-poisoning presentations of residents of Lambeth and Southwark were identified over a 12-month period through comprehensive acute and mental health trust data collection systems at multiple hospitals. Analysis was done using STATA 12.1. Results: A rate of 121.4/100,000 was recorded across a population of more than half a million residents. Women exceeded men in all measured ethnic groups. Black women presented 1.5 times more than white women. Gender ratios within ethnicities were marked. Among those aged younger than 24 years, black women were almost 7 times more likely to present than black men were. Conclusion: Self-poisoning is the commonest form of self-harm presentation to UK hospitals but population-based rates are rare. These results have implications for formulating and managing risk in clinical services for both minority ethnic women and men.
Shadows From the Past
Authors: Holm Anne Lise , Lyberg Anne , Berggren Ingela , Cutcliffe John , Severinsson Elisabeth
Published: August 2014

Background: Most depressed older people in a suicidal state have mixed feelings, where the wish to live and the wish to die wage a battle. Aims: To explore and describe depressed older people’s experiences of being suicidal and their search for meaning. Method: Data were collected from 29 participants resident in the Rogaland and Vestfold districts of Norway, by means of individual interviews, after which a thematic analysis was performed. Results: For the participants in this study, the lived experiences of the situated meaning of survival after being suicidal comprised a main theme – ”shadows from the past” – and two themes – ”feeling that something inside is broken” and ”a struggle to catch the light.” Conclusion: Mental health-care professionals might be able to reduce the risk of suicide and perturbation by helping depressed older people to explore, resolve, and ultimately come to terms with their unresolved historical issues. Additional valuable strategies in primary care settings include encountering patients frequently, monitoring adherence to care plans, and providing support to address the source of emotional pain and distress.
Viunalikeviruses are environmentally common agents of horizontal gene transfer in pathogens and biocontrol bacteria
Authors: Matilla Miguel A , Fang Xinzhe , Salmond George P C
Published: August 2014

Bacteriophages have been used as natural biocontrol and therapeutic agents, but also as biotechnological tools for bacterial engineering. We showed recently that the transducing bacteriophage ϕMAM1 is a ViI-like phage and a member of the new genus, ‘Viunalikevirus’. Here, we show that four additional ViI-like phages and three new environmentally isolated viunalikeviruses, all infecting plant and human pathogens, are very efficient generalised transducers capable of transducing chromosomal markers at frequencies of up to 10−4 transductants per plaque-forming unit. We also demonstrate the interstrain transduction of plasmids and chromosomal markers, including genes involved in anabolism, genes for virulence and genes encoding secondary metabolites involved in biocontrol. We propose that all viunalikeviruses are likely to perform efficient horizontal gene transfer. Viunalikeviruses therefore represent useful agents for functional genomics and bacterial engineering, and for chemical and synthetic biology studies, but could be viewed as inappropriate choices for phage therapy.
Watching individual molecules flex within lipid membranes using SERS
Authors: Taylor Richard W. , Benz Felix , Sigle Daniel O. , Bowman Richard W. , Bao Peng , Roth Johannes S. , Heath George R. , Evans Stephen D. , Baumberg Jeremy J.
Published: August 2014

Interrogating individual molecules within bio-membranes is key to deepening our understanding of biological processes essential for life. Using Raman spectroscopy to map molecular vibrations is ideal to non-destructively ‘fingerprint’ biomolecules for dynamic information on their molecular structure, composition and conformation. Such tag-free tracking of molecules within lipid bio-membranes can directly connect structure and function. In this paper, stable co-assembly with gold nano-components in a ‘nanoparticle-on-mirror’ geometry strongly enhances the local optical field and reduces the volume probed to a few nm3, enabling repeated measurements for many tens of minutes on the same molecules. The intense gap plasmons are assembled around model bio-membranes providing molecular identification of the diffusing lipids. Our experiments clearly evidence measurement of individual lipids flexing through telltale rapid correlated vibrational shifts and intensity fluctuations in the Raman spectrum. These track molecules that undergo bending and conformational changes within the probe volume, through their interactions with the environment. This technique allows for in situ high-speed single-molecule investigations of the molecules embedded within lipid bio-membranes. It thus offers a new way to investigate the hidden dynamics of cell membranes important to a myriad of life processes.