bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maternal health literacy on mother and child health care: A community cluster survey in two southern provinces in Laos
Authors: Phommachanh Sysavanh , Essink Dirk R. , Wright Pamela E. , Broerse Jacqueline E. W. , Mayxay Mayfong
Published: March 2021

Rational

Increased maternal health literacy (MHL) has contributed considerably to maternal and child health outcomes in many countries. Malnutrition, and low coverage of child vaccination and breastfeeding are major health concerns in Laos, but there is little insight into mothers’ literacy on these issues. The aim of this study was to identify the level of MHL of Lao mothers and to explore factors influencing it, in order to provide evidence that can inform policies and planning of health services.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a questionnaire on health literacy (ability to access, understand, appraise and apply health-related information) in relation to care during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period. We interviewed 384 mothers with children aged under five years; 197 from urban and 187 from rural areas. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to analyze the data.

Results

Overall, MHL of Lao mothers was very low in both urban and rural areas; 80% of mothers had either inadequate or problematic MHL, while only 17.4% had sufficient and 3.5% excellent MHL. The MHL scores were significantly higher in urban than in rural areas. One third of mothers found it very difficult to access, understand, appraise and apply information on mother and child (MCH). Health personnel were the main source of MCH information for the mothers. Years of schooling, own income, health status, and number of ANC visits significantly predicted a higher level of MHL (R square = 0.250; adjusted R square = 0.240, P = <0.001).

Conclusions

MHL of Lao mothers was inadequate in both urban and rural areas. Socio-demographics and key practices of the mothers were significantly associated with a better level of MHL. Health education on MHL to mothers in both urban and rural areas needs attention, and could best be done by improving the quality of health providers’ provision of information.
Predictors of stent dysfunction in patients with bilateral metal stents for malignant hilar obstruction
Authors: So Hoonsub , Oh Chi Hyuk , Song Tae Jun , Ko Sung Woo , Hwang Jun Seong , Oh Dongwook , Park Do Hyun , Lee Sang Soo , Seo Dong-Wan , Dong Seok Ho , Lee Sung Koo , Kim Myung-Hwan
Published: March 2021

Introduction

For unresectable hilar obstruction, restoring and maintaining biliary ductal patency are crucial for improved survival and quality of life. The endoscopic placement of stents is now a mainstay of its treatment, and bilateral stenting is effective for biliary decompression. This study aimed to determine the clinical outcomes of bilateral metal stent placement using large cell-type stents and the clinical predictors of stent dysfunction in patients with malignant hilar obstruction.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent bilateral metal stent placement using two large cell-type stents at two academic teaching hospitals between September 2017 and February 2019. The primary outcome was stent dysfunction. Secondary outcomes included predictors related to stent dysfunction and overall survival.

Results

The study included 87 patients who underwent bilateral metal stent placement for malignant hilar obstruction. Technical success and clinical success were achieved in 80 patients (92.0%) and 83 patients (95.4%), respectively. During the follow-up period (median: 201, range: 18–671 days), stent dysfunction occurred in 42 patients (48.3%), and the median stent patency was 199 days (95% confidence interval [CI]: 181–262). In univariate analysis, age, cholangitis before stent insertion, and subsequent chemotherapy were found to be associated with the cumulative risk of stent dysfunction. In multivariate analysis, cholangitis before stent insertion (hazards ratio [HR]: 2.26, 95% CI: 1.216–4.209, P = 0.010) and subsequent chemotherapy (HR:  0.250, 95% CI: 0.130–0.482, P<0.001) remained as statically significant factors associated with the cumulative risk of stent dysfunction. The median overall survival was 288 days (95% CI: 230–327).

Conclusion

The bilateral placement of large cell-type stents for malignant hilar obstruction was effective with high technical and clinical success rates and acceptable patency. Cholangitis before stent insertion was associated with shorter patency, and subsequent chemotherapy was associated with longer stent patency.
Brief report: Lymph node morphology in stage II colorectal cancer
Authors: Greenwood Annabelle , Keating John , Kenwright Diane , Shekouh Ali , Dalzell Alex , Dennett Elizabeth , Danielson Kirsty
Published: March 2021

Background

Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-associated morbidity and mortality worldwide. The local anti-tumour immune response is particularly important for patients with stage II where the tumour-draining lymph nodes have not yet succumbed to tumour spread. The lymph nodes allow for the expansion and release of B cell compartments such as primary follicles and germinal centres. A variation in this anti-tumour immune response may influence the observed clinical heterogeneity in stage II patients.

Aim

The aim of this study was to explore tumour-draining lymph node histomorphological changes and tumour pathological risk factors including the immunomodulatory microRNA-21 (miR-21) in a small cohort of stage II CRC.

Methods

A total of 23 stage II colorectal cancer patients were included. Tumour and normal mucosa samples were analysed for miR-21 expression levels and B-cell compartments were quantified from Haematoxylin and Eosin slides of lymph nodes. These measures were compared to clinicopathological risk factors such as perforation, bowel obstruction, T4 stage and high-grade.

Results

We observed greater Follicle density in patients with a lower tumour T stage and higher germinal centre density in patients with higher pre-operative carcinoembryonic antigen levels. Trends were also detected between tumours with deficiency in mismatch repair proteins, lymphatic invasion and both the density and size of B-cell compartments. Lastly, elevated tumour miR-21 was associated with decreased Follicle and germinal centre size.

Conclusion

Variation in B-cell compartments of tumour-draining lymph nodes is associated with clinicopathological risk factors in stage II CRC patients.
Bumiku Indonesia: Bunga Rampai Kearifan Lokal
Authors:   Universitas Muhammadiyah Cirebon
Published: March 2021

Indonesia adalah sebuah bangsa yang kaya. Tidak hanya berlimpah sumber daya alam, tetapi juga memiliki warisan kearifan lokal yang tak ternilai. Setiap kelompok masyarakat dan daerah di seluruh penjuru Indonesia memiliki kekhasan kearifan lokal masing-masing. Keragaman ini menjadi fondasi utama bagi bangsa Indonesia mewujudkan pembangunan sumber daya manusia yang Buku bunga rampai ini berisi ulasan komprehensif beberapa kearifan lokal dari daerah asal para penulis, yang seluruhnya adalah dosen dan akademisi dari perguruan tinggi ternama dari seluruh Indonesia. Kearifan lokal yang dibahas pun sangat beragam bidangnya, mulai dari sastra, biologi, ekonomi, hingga pariwisata. Para pembaca dapat mengambil pelajaran yang sangat berharga dari keunikan kearifan lokal ini, sehingga dapat memotivasi pembaca untuk juga turut serta melestarikan dan memopulerkan kearifan lokal dari daerah masing-masing.
METHOD OF OBTAINING BIOACTIVATED SUPPLEMENTS FOR FOOD ON THE BASIS OF SEEDS SEAFLOWS
Authors: Zolotareva Anna Mefod'yevna , Shcherbinina Anna Valer'yevna , Vtorushina Anastasiya Nikolayevna
Published: March 2021

An original method of treating sea buckthorn seeds has been proposed, which allows to increase the biological value of the feedstock. The analysis of the bioactivation of sea buckthorn seeds in vitro allowed us to identify common methodological approaches in the registration of the initial stages. As a criterion for the effectiveness of swelling and tempering parameters, the bioactivation ability was analyzed. The process of bioactivation of sea buckthorn seeds was investigated by the dynamics of changes in the geometric parameters of seeds, using the automated Zerno program and determining the microstructure. The study of the microstructure of seeds is of great importance to identify the relationship between the structure and their biological value. Identification of critical points makes it possible to integrate the process, and taking into account the morphological features, microstructure and chemical composition of seeds – the content of protein, fat, vitamins allows you to navigate the dynamics of the bioactivation process. A method for producing bioactivated sea buckthorn seeds involves soaking the seeds, sonication, aging for 24 hours, drying and grinding. Under the influence of its own enzymes, the morphology and microstructure of the anatomical parts of the seeds undergoes irreversible changes. The bioactivation method improves the quality of sea buckthorn seeds by increasing their biological value.

The modernization of the technological process for the treatment of sea buckthorn seeds, which allows to obtain an innovative product while maintaining functional properties.

The technical result of bioactivation of sea buckthorn seeds is to improve the quality of the finished product, reducing the duration of the process, increasing the biological value of seeds, expanding the range of food additives of plant origin.
REMOVAL OF Bi(III) IONS BY PHYTIC ACID DERIVATIVES FROM RICE BRAN
Authors: Arefieva Ol'ga Dmitriyevna , Makarenko Natal'ya Viktorovna , Egorkin Vladimir Sergeyevich , Zemnukhova Lyudmila Alekseyevna , Azarova Yuliya Aleksandrovna
Published: March 2021

Creation of new multifunctional materials based on renewable raw materials is a major direction in recent years. Large-tonnage waste of rice production (husk, straw, bran) of the Far East is a promising raw material base for obtaining such materials. Composition of rice bran includes inositol hexaphosphoric acid and its derivatives (phytin, phosphoinositol) which are capable of chelating polyvalent metal ions. Bismuth (III) is one of natural water pollutants that come from leaching of bismuth-containing minerals and activities of pharmaceutical and perfume industries. The goal of this work is to study removal conditions of bismuth (III) ions from aqueous solutions of a phytic acid derivative obtained from rice bran. It is shown in the work that with a sorbent: solution ratio of 1: 100, bismuth ions are removed from the solution by 89 %. It was found that removal of bismuth cations depends on the initial concentration (3.17–51.90 mg/l) and varies from 13 to 96 %. A comparative analysis also showed that chromium (III) ions are removed from aqueous solutions by a phosphorus-containing product better than bismuth (III) ions. These studies allow us to give recommendations on the choice of materials for treating solutions from heavy metal ions, expanding the range of currently used natural sorbents based on plant materials and solving at the same time an urgent environmental and economic problem - the disposal of rice production wastes.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF METABOLITES OF THE GENUS EQUISETUM
Authors: Botirov Erkin Khozhiakbarovich , Bonacheva Viktoriya Mikhaylovna , Kolomiets Natalya Eduardovna
Published: March 2021

The review summarizes the scientific literature on the degree of knowledge of the chemical composition and biological activity of metabolites and plant extracts of the genus Equisetum L. of the world flora. Many types of horsetail are widely used in folk medicine as a diuretic, hemostatic, as well as for pulmonary tuberculosis and skin diseases, ulcers, dropsy, jaundice, as a heart remedy, for diseases of the kidneys, bladder, etc. Based on extracts of the horsetail canes (Equisetum arvense L.) a number of drugs and biologically active additives with a wide spectrum of pharmacological action have been created. The review presents data on the structural diversity and biological activity of metabolites of plants of the genus Equisetum L. Information is provided on the composition of the metabolites of 16 species of the genus Equisetum L., the structure and sources of more than 200 natural substances related to terpenoids, phytosterols, brassinosteroids, vitamins, alkaloids and other nitrogen-containing compounds , lignans, styryl pyrones, indanones, phenylpropanoids, organic acids, hydrocarbons, aldehydes and phenolic compounds. The main biologically active substances of plants of the genus Equisetum are flavonoids and other plant phenolic compounds. Extracts and individual compounds possess antioxidant, diuretic, antibacterial, antifungal, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, antimutagenic, sedative, anxiolytic, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory properties. An analysis of literature data shows that plants of the genus Equisetum are promising for the creation of new effective drugs. The information presented in the review can be used as reference literature by phytochemists, biologists, and pharmacologists, as well as to solve the problems of chemosystematics of plants of the genus Equisetum L.
SYNTHESIS AND STUDY OF THE PROPERTIES OF XEROGELS DERIVED FROM SULFATED PINE ETHANOL LIGNIN
Authors: Mikova Nadezhda Mikhaylovna , Levdansky Vladimir Aleksandrovich , Mazurova Yelena Valentinovna , Kuznecov Boris Nikolayevich
Published: March 2021

Organic xerogels based on lignin and tannins isolated from pine bark and wood were first obtained by condensation with formaldehyde and furfuryl alcohol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. The use of pine sulfated ethanol lignin made it possible for the first time to obtain sulfur-containing (up to 1.3% wt.) lignin-(tannin)-formaldehyde and lignin-(tannin)-furfuryl xerogels. The density of the obtained gels increases with the addition of tannins to lignin and varies in the range 0.13–0.39 g/cm3. Xerogels synthesized by condensation with furfuryl alcohol are stronger than those obtained using formaldehyde. The presence of sulfur in xerogels was confirmed by elemental and chemical analysis and IR spectroscopy. It was shown by scanning electron microscopy, that lignin-formaldehyde xerogels are formed from large polymer chains, consisting of interconnected aggregates of micron-sized particles and have large pores. The addition of tannins to the polycondensation system is accompanied by the formation of a more compact spatially crosslinked gel structure. BET method showed that all xerogels have low porosity, and lignin-furfuryl samples have a larger average pore diameter (7.2–14.5 nm) compared to lignin-formaldehyde samples (3.03–6.80 nm).
NEW COMPONENTS OF ALCEA NUDIFLORA EXTRACT AFTER MICROWAVE EXTRACTION
Authors: Pankrushina Natal'ya Alekseyevna , Kukina Tat'yana Petrovna
Published: March 2021

Alcea nudiflora (Lindl.) Boiss. (Malvaceae) has a wide area of growth in Central Asia, the Altai territory and Western Siberia and has long been used in folk and traditional medicine. Availability of the resource and long-term application practice makes Alcea nudiflora a promising source of valuable biologically active natural compounds. The chemical composition of A nudiflora has been studied after effective microwave assisted extraction (MAE) performed using solvents with different ability to convert microwave energy into heat: hexane, ethyl acetate, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and ethyl alcohol (EtOH). The selected MAE conditions enabled us to reduce significantly the extraction time and obtain extracts enriched with new compounds. The chemical composition of aboveground part extracts of Alcea nudiflora (Lindl.) Boiss was studied by applying GC/MS method. 13 acids were discovered for the first time, including 6 aromatic acids and 7 unbranched monobasic acids of unsaturated and saturated series, as well as 11 new neutral compounds, including 7 naphthalene derivatives.
Versenyképesség a szakirodalomban – A fogalmi megközelítések összegzése és elemzése (I. rész)
Authors: Somogyi Márta
Published: March 2021

A szerző jelen tanulmányában a versenyképesség fogalma körül kialakult megközelítéseket veszi sorra és hasonlítja össze. A versenyképességi fogalmakat, értelmezéseket – a lehetőségekhez képest – időbeli kialakulásuk, megfogalmazásuk sorrendjében mutatja be; ez a megközelítés ugyanis lehetőséget biztosít arra, hogy a fogalom időbeli alakulását (fejlődését, bővülését) is nyomon követhesse. Teszi mindezt azzal a szándékkal, hogy a megismert fogalmak, megközelítési módok és értelmezések segítségével megfogalmazzon egy definíciót, amelyet a továbbiakban mértékadónak tekint. A definíció pedig segítségül fog szolgálni egy vállalati versenyképességet mérő modell kidolgozásához.
Versenyképesség a szakirodalomban A fogalmi megközelítések összegzése és elemzése (II. rész)
Authors: Somogyi Márta
Published: March 2021

Kétrészes tanulmányában a szerző a szakirodalomban fellelhető főbb versenyképességi megközelítéseket, értelmezéseket mutatja be időbeli kialakulásuk, megfogalmazásuk sorrendjében. Kitér a versenyképesség közgazdaság-tudományi és gazdálkodástudományi megközelítéseire, az egyes megközelítéseken belül található nézetkülönbségekre és -azonosságokra, a versenyképesség-fogalom tartalmának időről időre történő alakulására. A szerző munkájával több célt tűzött maga elé: bemutatni a versenyképességi megközelítések és az értelmezett versenyképességi szintek sokféleségét, alátámasztani a fogalom tudományos szempontú tisztázatlanságát, valamint megfogalmazni egy saját, további kutatómunkája alapjául szolgáló definíciót. E definíció jelenti majd a kiindulópontját egy olyan modell kidolgozásának, amely a vállalati versenyképesség mérésére lesz hivatott.
Determinants of Tourist Attraction of the Heritage Tourism
Authors: KAHARUDDIN KAHARUDDIN , NAPITUPULU Junika , JULIANA JULIANA , PRAMONO Rudy , SARAGIH Elza Leyli Lisnora
Published: March 2021

Heritage tourism is a journey where the purpose of the trip is to see or witness heritage ceremonies and enriches, strengthen faith. The research result on the effect of Tourist’s motivation on tourist decision to heritage tourism in Dairi, it was discovered that there is an increase in the effect of tourist's motivation on tourist decision to heritage tourism in Dairi. Based on this research regarding the effect of service quality on tourist decision to heritage tourism in Dairi, it was discovered that there is an effect of service quality on tourist decision on heritage tourism in Dairi. With the improvement of Service Quality, tourist decision to heritage tourism in Dairi can be increased. Based on the findings of this research, it was discovered that tourist satisfaction has no effect on tourist decision to heritage tourism in Dairi. The decreased Tourist Satisfaction leads to a decline in tourist’s decision. With regard to the effect of the tourist’s motivation, service quality, and Tourist satisfaction on tourist decision to heritage tourism in Dairi, it was revealed that these three variables (Tourist’s Motivation, Service Quality, and Tourist Satisfaction) have simultaneous effects on tourist decision to heritage tourism in Dairi.
Problems of Legal Regulation Tourism Safety Problems and Ways to Solve Them
Authors: TATSIIENKO Valerii , MIROSHNYKOV Ivan , KROITOR Volodymyr , BIRIYKOVA Alevtina , ORZHYNSKA Elvira , OPERUK Vitalii
Published: March 2021

The article provides a general description of the safety of tourism, namely: the history of the issue of ensuring safety in tourism is analyzed, the concept, types and tasks of tourism safety are revealed, and the classification of risks (threats) and sources of danger in the field of tourism is considered; defined the concept, structure and content of the administrative and legal institute of tourism safety, and also disclosed the legal regulation in the field of tourism safety; disclosed the concept and content of administrative and legal tourism safety regime, classify it into types (sub-regimes); describes the administrative and legal measures to ensure the safety of tourism; highlighted the main security problems in the field of tourism and formulate ways to solve them. The purpose of the thesis is a comprehensive and comprehensive research theoretical and practical problems of administrative and legal ensuring the safety of tourism.
Environmental and Legal Regulation of the Handling of Chemicals
Authors: KUDERINA Assiya , KUDERIN Ilyas , BEKEZHANOV Dauren , AITIMOV Bolat , NURBEK Dana , AMREEVA Indira
Published: March 2021

The implementation of a set of measures aimed at consistently reducing the negative impact of hazardous chemical factors on the population and the environment to an acceptable level of risk provides for the development and analysis of the experience of the European Union and its member States in the field of chemical management, as well as the development of recommendations for improving legislation and other regulatory legal acts on environmental protection from chemical pollution. To this end, the article presents the rationale and conceptual approaches to the formation of legislation in the field of chemical safety within the framework of state policy. The most important aspect in the formation of legislation is the global nature of chemical safety problems, in this connection, the article points to the need to bring the law in this area closer to partners in economic cooperation and integration. Taking into account the focus of future laws on reducing the level of negative impact of hazardous chemicals on the population and the environment, the legal and political consequences of their implementation are outlined.
Analysing Waste Management and Recycling Practices for the Hotel Industry
Authors: TANSEL Tercan , YESHENKULOVA Gaukhar , NURMANOVA Ulbossyn
Published: March 2021

The aim of this article is to investigate waste management and recycling practices in hotel industry thouth in-depth interviews with industry professionals. The procurement, kitchen and Food&Beverage managers of five international chain hotels particicipated in the in-depth interviews (in total 15 interviews). As a result of the interviews it was determined that the three elements considered in the reduction of waste were ‘expiration date’, ‘packaging’ and ‘wholesale procurement’. There are three main reasons for the food waste generation; large portions, expiration dates and the guests themself. The staudy investigates the most common waste generated in the hotels. The results of the study have shown that geographic location is an important barrier for recycling due to the lack environmentally friendly suppliers and recycling companies in some regions.
Antecedents of Green Consumption Attitudes and Consequences for Intentions and Buying Behavior of Non-Pesticide Vegetable and Fruit Products
Authors: KUSMANTINI Titik , SUTIONO Heru Tri , ASTUTI Rini Dwi , EKAWATI Terstina
Published: March 2021

Research on the sustainability of consumption or consumption of green products has become the focus of academics and practitioners. The focus of the study is on the consumption of green products, especially agricultural products such as non-pesticide vegetables and fruits in Yogyakarta. To test the hypothesis using SEM (Structural Equation Modelling) Analysis bases on PLS (Partial Least Square) Technique. The data collection technique was carried out by distributing questionnaires to members of the green community or non-pesticide vegetables and fruit consumers in the many modern markets, and the sample size is 244 green consumers. The test results produce empirical evidence that the three antecedents of green consumption attitudes are proven to have a positive and significant effect, but the effectiveness of green consumption variable is the most dominant factor. The consequences of a better green consumption attitude have also been shown to have a significant effect on the buying intentions or behavior of green products. The practical implication of the results of this study is to provide input for research partners namely the Women Farmers Group (KWT) that is aiming at green product segments as an appropriate step in marketing their agricultural products. Effective marketing communication efforts need to be built through advertising and product packaging programs that are able to increase green trust.
Sustainable Development of a Region. Case Study - Kazakhstan
Authors: BESPALYY Sergey Vladimirovich
Published: March 2021

The article provides an overview of the region's development, while suggesting how to assess sustainable development from the point of view of the ecological component, as well as social and economic. The paper presents a combination of assessments that used data and indicators (if any), as well as expert opinions for a comprehensive assessment. Although there are some key points and controversial issues, the development of Bayanaul l district can be assessed as sustainable. In general, there is a positive, general economic situation and the level of income of most people, good environmental conditions and rich biodiversity, stable social structure, and the identity of people in the area. On the contrary, there are various threats such as engineering and transport infrastructure, an increased flow of people from tourism, degradation of habitats, declining species richness and intensification of agriculture.
Economic and Tourist Effects of External Migration in Kosovo
Authors: DANA Hazer , ÇELA Tomor , KRASNIQI Addhe , CENAJ Vloran
Published: March 2021

Recently, almost all over the world, migratory movements have become a persistent and very intensive process, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Significant differences in terms of economic, social, political, and demographic development between different countries have affected the intensity of migration. Migration is supplemented by various effects, especially in the economic and social aspects. Kosovo is considered as one of the most underdeveloped countries of the Balkan Peninsula and intrinsically faces large population emigration. Being a small country, Kosovo counts about 1.7 million inhabitants, out of which 700,000-800,000 people were born in Kosovo, but living abroad. Accordingly, the focus of this paper relies on the economic and tourism effects that bring the emigration of people to different countries of Europe and beyond. This emigration is followed up by both positive and negative effects. Emigration has affected the improvement of living conditions for many families, investments in birthplaces, the endowment of various national contributions, continuous assistance and support to the family, remittances, etc. Emigration also has an impact on the development of tourism in Kosovo. Although Kosovo is at its initial stages of tourism development, the influx of emigrants in the homeland during the holidays but also in other periods during the year considerably affects the increase of revenues in the tourism sector.
Examining the continuum of Black student leadership: From community to college and beyond
Authors: Hotchkins Bryan , McNaughtan Jon
Published: March 2021

This qualitative comparative case study examines the leadership involvement of 11 Black collegians and how they make sense of enacting transgenerationally informed knowledge(s) as racial socialization to navigate a predominantly White institution (PWI) campus. Findings indicated participants used elder communal instruction and parental home pedagogy to inform what it means to be leaders who enact social justice while Black. Emergent themes were: 1) Collective Definition; and 2) Self-sacrifice. Participants indicated parents and elders racially socialized them to be self-sacrificing leaders who used values, respect, and honor to preserve Black culture, people, and traditions. Racial socialization processes influenced students to become leaders who built and sustained Black college communities by being resilient. Participants acknowledged that although resiliency was important there was added value in practicing racial resistance, which allowed for exposing racially threatening oppositions and identify acts of racism that were menacing.
Perbedaan Perkembangan Bahasa Anak Pra Sekolah yang Mengikuti dan Tidak Mengikuti PAUD
Authors: Dewi Yuliana Purnama , Nurrahima Artika
Published: March 2021

Background: Delay in language development can affect subsequent development in children. Research comparing language development of pre-school age children who participated and did not participated in PAUD had never been done before. The purpose of this study was to analyze differences in language development of pre-schoolers who attended Early Childhood Education (PAUD) and did not attend Early Childhood Education (PAUD).Methods: This research was a quantitative research with comparative descriptive method. The sampling technique was proportionate random sampling and involved of 82 children in Bulusan Village, Tembalang District, Semarang City. Data analysis used Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.Results: The results showed that the language development of pre-schoolers attending the early childhood was better than the non-attending pre-schoolers with p-value from non-parametric test Kolmogorov Smirnov (0.032) <α (0.005).Conclusion: There are differences of preschool language development who attended and did not attend PAUD. Based on the results of the study, it is advisable for parents of children to provide stimulation appropriate to the stage of language development of children according to their age and to include children in PAUD.
Pengaruh Kompres Dingin dalam Penurunan Nyeri Pasien Post Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI): Literature review
Authors: Kristiyan Andy , Purnomo Hery Djagat , Ropyanto Chandra Bagus
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Complications in catheterization vascular access range from 1%-61%. One of interventions that can be taken to prevent hematoma and reduce pain in post PCI patients at off sheath is with cold compresses or ice bag. The fact shows that pain and hematoma in patient PCI in hospital just done by using sand bag therapy. There was a limited review about the use of ice bag to reduce pain in patients with PCI.Methods: Searched articles through Science Direct, PubMed, EBSCO and Google Scholar conducted using advanced searching with keywords including “ice bag”, “pain”, and “percutaneous coronary intervention”. Searching through Google Scholar using keywords involving “effectiveness of ice bag on pain in patient’s percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)”.Results: There were three articles control trials and the results showed that implementation of cold compresses with ice bag for 20 minutes before and after catheter release in PCI measures was significant in reducing pain (P <0.05).Conclusion: Giving cold compresses can reduce pain because it can inhibit the fibber of small-diameter nerves in delivering pain stimuli.
Pengembangan Desain Perencanaan Sistem Informasi Geografis sebagai Alternatif Pembelajaran dalam Keperawatan Kesehatan Komunitas
Authors: Dewi Nur Setiawati , Nurrahima Artika , Wirawan Panji Wisnu
Published: March 2021

Introduction: The learning process of nursing students faced complexity problems, particularly in community health nursing course. There is no latest information technology application that addresses are impacted to the educational problems of undergraduate and professional nursing program. An unclearly visualization of the data assessment of community nursing care provide distresses for lecturer and nursing student. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) provide a detail visualization that related to health problems in the community. This study aims to provide a visualization about the development of  GIS that may become an alternative learning for nursing students.Methods: This article describes the part of action research process. Five nursing students and two lecturers of community health nursing were recruited. The data collection was conducted by interview and observation for data assessment in the first step of development of GIS application.Results: There were four steps of making of GIS application, which is divided into four steps, including need analyzing, application design planning, the diagram of data flow, and application description.Conclusion: The GIS has benefit for learning process, some policies are necessary to mediate the development and application of GIS for nursing students in community health nursing course.
Gambaran Tingkat Pengetahuan Mengenai Stroke pada Keluarga Pasien Pasca Stroke dengan Serangan Terakhir Kurang dari Satu Tahun: Literature Review
Authors: Adila Septeana Tria Adin , Handayani Fitria
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Stroke patients rely heavily on family on decision-making for health actions should be done. The family members were found to have attitudes that are not right in doing in-home care for it is associated with knowledge of family low. On other side, the family knowledge level would lead in readiness of taking care of family members suffering from stroke with better. Based on the variation of knowledge level and influence, the researchers are interested to do literature review regarding the level of stroke knowledge on the patients families after the stroke last less than 1 year. Methods: The study aimed to review stroke knowledge level on the patients families after the stroke last attack less than 1 year. This study was a literature review conducted based on the issue, methodology, similarities and proposal advanced research. Search articles used EBSCO, google scholar, SINTA (Science and Technology Index), science direct, clinical key, and Scopus with the publication of the last 5-10 years. Results: The result showed that level of knowledge of post-stroke patients families with the last attacked less than a year from the ten articles that have been analyzed, 6 articles majority was still low with the range 63,8%-100% and 4 articles was high knowledge with the range 58%-74%. The majority low level of knowledge 3 articles was from India. Factors that affect the level of family knowledge about stroke were the education provision, education level and age.Conclusion: The stroke knowledge level in patients families post-stroke with the attacks last less than 1 year, the majority still in the low category so that expected health workers especially the nurses in giving health education on patients and families.
Comparison of anterior and posterior chamber implantation of iris claw lens in corneal transplant patients
Authors: Esen Baris Mine
Published: March 2021

INTRODUCTION: To compare the surgical outcomes of anterior chamber (AC) and posterior chamber (PC) implantation of iris claw lens (ICL) combined with penetrating corneal transplantation (P-CT), in eyes with no capsular support. METHODS: The records of 20 P-CT cases who underwent ICL implantation were retrospectively evaluated. The eyes were grouped according to the location of implantation; AC ICL and PC ICL. Pre- and post-surgical best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), post-operative complications and graft rejection rates were compared between the two groups. Mean follow-up time was 28 (range, 12 and 76) months. RESULTS: ICLs were implanted during P-CT surgery in 14 (70%) eyes, and as a secondary procedure after P-CT in 6 (30%) eyes. ICLs were implanted in PC in 12 (60%) and in AC in 8 (40%) eyes. Mean preoperative BCVA was 0.064 (range, 0.001-0.02) in PC group and 0.02 (range, 0.001-0.1) in AC group (p=0.86). Mean postoperative BCVA was 0.17 (range, 0.0001-1.0) in PC group and 0.14 (range, 0.0001-0.4) in AC group (p=0.81). Glaucoma developed in 5 (41.6%) eyes with PC ICL. No eye with AC ICL developed glaucoma over time. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Both AC and PC ICL implantation provide favorable visual outcomes and complication rates in CT patients. However, PC implantation of ICL seems to increase glaucoma incidence.
Treasuring Yemen: Notes on Exchange and Collection in Rasūlid Material Culture
Authors: Kenney Ellen
Published: March 2021

Often distinguished by their characteristic five-petalled rosette emblems, objects dedicated to the Rasūlid sultans of Yemen in Egypt or Syria have long been identified as a distinct corpus in histories of Islamic art. Whether treated singly or as a group, these objects have usually been positioned in the periphery of discussions about Mamlūk luxury arts or cited briefly as evidence of diplomatic relations between the Mamlūk and Rasūlid leadership. Perhaps reflecting a general marginalization of South Arabia in the historiographic traditions of Islamic art scholarship, narratives centered on the imperial Mamlūk enterprise tend to overshadow both the Rasūlid context for these objects and the complexities of their global material histories. This essay explores these two themes together, drawing broadly on visual culture connected with the Rasūlid court to analyze a selection of case studies. It reviews art historical literature on the Rasūlid-Mamlūk corpus as reflected in European and North American scholarship, outlines the various modalities by which this material exchange is understood to have taken place, explores the setting for Rasūlid patronage and collection of such objects, and examines their material afterlives.
Effect of aromatherapy massage by orange essential oil on post-cesarean anxiety: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Mirhosseini Seyedmohammad , Abbasi Ali , Norouzi Nastaran , Mobaraki Fatemeh , Basirinezhad Mohammad Hasan , Mohammadpourhodki Reza
Published: March 2021

Objectives

Many women in recent years have been willing to undergo puncture surgery for childbirth, which, like other surgeries, has physical and psychological side effects such as incision, infertility, chronic pain, and anxiety. Therefore, it is important to reduce and improve these side effects. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of foot massage with orange essential oil on anxiety in women undergoing cesarean section.

Methods

This randomized clinical trial study was conducted in 2019 on 80 women referred to Bahar Shahroud Hospital after cesarean section surgery. The samples were divided into two groups by intervention (foot massage with orange essential oil) and control (foot massage without orange essential oil). The Spielberger scale was used to determine anxiety scores after cesarean section. In the intervention group, the feet were massaged with orange essential oil, and in the control group, the orange essential oil massage was performed without oil. Anxiety before, immediately after, and 60 min after the intervention was measured and evaluated in both groups. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Significant levels were considered for all statistical tests (p<0.05).

Results

The anxiety score before the intervention in the two groups of intervention and control was 57.12 ± 3.12 and 57.07 ± 3.54, respectively, which were not significantly different, but immediately after the intervention, the anxiety scores in both groups decreased significantly so that there was a further decrease in the intervention group (52.10 ± 4.75 and 56.02 ± 3.77), 1 h after the intervention, the anxiety score in the intervention group decreased compared to the previous stage and increased in the control group (50.40 ± 3.74 and 56.85 ± 4.27).

Conclusions

Foot massage with orange essential oil can probably be effective as a proper nursing intervention in reducing anxiety after cesarean section surgery.
Educating Democratic Character
Authors: Alexander Natalia Rogach , Kitcher Philip
Published: March 2021

Many recent writers on democracy have lamented its decay and warned of its imminent death. We argue that the concerns are focused at three different levels of democracy. The most fundamental of these, celebrated by Tocqueville and by Dewey, recognizes the interactions and joint deliberations among citizens who seek sympathetic mutual engagement. Such engagement is increasingly rare in large-scale political life. In diagnosing and treating the problems, we recommend returning to the debate between Lippmann and Dewey, in which many of the concerns now prominent were already voiced. This inspires the main work of the paper – the reconstruction of Dewey’s conception of democracy as a ‘mode of associated living’. We focus on the thesis that democracy is educative and explicate Dewey’s notion of growth, showing how democratic education contributes to three important functions: the capacity for sustaining oneself, the enrichment of individual experience, and the ability to enter into cooperative discussions with fellow citizens. Dewey’s conception of democratic education is directed at fostering particular virtues and, if citizens come to possess them, the need for Lippmann’s ‘omnicompetent individual’ vanishes. We conclude by suggesting that Dewey’s project of educating democratic character is pertinent for addressing the disaffection of our times.
Crystal structure of 4-tert-butyl-2-N-(2-pyridylmethyl)aminophenol, C16H20N2O
Authors: Buthelezi Sipho , Ibrahim Halliru , Bala Muhammad D. , Friedrich Holger B.
Published: March 2021

C16H20N2O, monoclinic,

P

2
1

/
c

$P{2}_{1}/c$

(no. 14), a = 9.7933(2) Å, b = 17.5290(3) Å, c = 17.1148(3) Å, β = 101.242(1)°, V = 2881.67(9) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0402, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1106, T = 150(2) K.
Supplemental Creatine Modified With Polyethylene Glycol Effectively Loads Skeletal Muscle With Lower Doses
Authors: Fry Andrew C. , Parra Mandy E. , Cabarkapa Dimitrije
Published: March 2021

Fry, AC, Parra, ME, and Cabarkapa, D. Supplemental creatine modified with polyethylene glycol effectively loads skeletal muscle with lower doses. J Strength Cond Res 35(5): 1256–1261, 2021—The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of skeletal muscle uptake of creatine monohydrate (Cr H2O) with that of creatine bound to polyethylene glycol (Cr PEG). Healthy men (X ± SE; age = 23.5 ± 1.0 years) were divided into control (Con, n = 9, 20 g·d−1 of Cr H2O) and experimental (Exp, n = 8, 10 g·d−1 of Cr PEG) groups. Blood samples and muscle biopsies were used to determine acute gastrointestinal absorption over 5 hours and muscle cellular uptake over 5 days. Both groups exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) elevated concentrations of muscle-free Cr (M·gdw
−1; Con, pre = 23.0 ± 4.2, post = 39.2 ± 2.7; Exp pre = 22.1 ± 2.9, post = 33.6 ± 3.2), total Cr (M·gdw
−1, Con pre = 94.7 ± 5.4, post = 114.8 ± 7.4; Exp pre = 92.6 ± 5.4, post = 106.6 ± 8.4), which were also elevated when these values were normalized for adenosine triphosphate using molar ratios. Circulatory uptake of Cr was significantly different between the groups, with blood concentrations (mg·dL−1) for the Con group peaking at 2 hours post-ingestion (25.99 ± 2.96), whereas the concentrations for the Exp group were lower and were still rising at 5 hours (4.05 ± 0.87). The integrated area under the curve for the 5-hour postingestion period was 7-fold greater for the Con group. Although total Cr ingested over the 5 days supplementation period was less for the Cr PEG group, skeletal muscle uptake of Cr PEG was similar to Cr H2O. Based on circulating Cr concentrations, it seems that Cr PEG is cleared more slowly from the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, lower dosages of Cr may be ingested while maintaining optimal loading kinetics.
When Matched for Relative Leg Strength at Baseline, Male and Female Older Adults Respond Similarly to Concurrent Aerobic and Resistance Exercise Training
Authors: Timmons James F. , Hone Michelle , Duffy Orlaith , Egan Brendan
Published: March 2021

Timmons, JF, Hone, M, Duffy, O, and Egan, B. When matched for relative leg strength at baseline, male and female older adults respond similarly to concurrent aerobic and resistance exercise training. J Strength Cond Res 36(10): 2927–2933, 2022—Comparisons between sexes of adaptive responses with concurrent aerobic and resistance exercise training are largely unexplored. A supervised 12-week intervention of concurrent exercise training was used to investigate sex-specific differences, if any, in the response to concurrent exercise training in older adults. Community-dwelling men (n = 14; 68.0 ± 1.8 years; 27.8 ± 3.8 kg·m−2) and women (n = 14; 68.9 ± 3.8 years; 25.1 ± 3.8 kg·m−2) were pair-matched for relative leg strength expressed as leg press 1 repetition maximum per kg of leg lean body mass (LBM; assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry). Subjects undertook 24 minutes of concurrent aerobic (12 minutes) and resistance (12 minutes) exercise training 3 times per week i.e., 72 minutes of active exercise time per week. Muscle strength, physical function, and body composition were assessed before (PRE) and after 12 weeks (POST) of exercise training. The increase in absolute leg press strength was larger in men (mean difference ± SE, 25.3 ± 11.8 kg; p = 0.041,

= 0.156), but when expressed as leg press strength relative to leg LBM, training-induced increases were not different between the sexes (mean difference ± SE, 0.30 ± 0.46 kg·kg−1; p = 0.526,

= 0.016). No other measure of muscle strength (hand-grip and chest press), physical function (gait speed, timed-up-and-go, sit-to-stand, and Chester step test), or body composition (LBM and fat mass) differed in response to exercise training for between-sex comparisons. When male and female older adults are pair matched for relative leg strength at baseline before commencing exercise training, sex-specific adaptive responses to concurrent aerobic and resistance exercise training are largely similar for muscle strength, physical function, and body composition.
Neuromuscular, Endocrine, and Perceptual Recovery After a Youth American Football Game
Authors: Davis Jon-Kyle , Wolfe Anthony S. , Basham Steven A. , Freese Eric C. , De Chavez Peter John D.
Published: March 2021

Davis, JK, Wolfe, AS, Basham, SA, Freese, EC, and De Chavez, PJD. Neuromuscular, endocrine, and perceptual recovery after a youth American football game. J Strength Cond Res 35(5): 1317–1325, 2021—American football is a high-intensity intermittent sport consisting of various movements and repeated collisions which highlights the importance of adequate recovery from a game to prepare for the next competition. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the time course of recovery markers after a youth American football game. Thirteen male American football youth players were monitored for 7 days after a single football game. Baseline measures were taken 28 hours pregame for lower-body neuromuscular function by countermovement jumps (CMJs) to determine peak power (PP), jump height (JH), flight time (FT), and takeoff velocity (TOV). Saliva was analyzed for cortisol, testosterone, and C-reactive protein (CRP). Perceptual recovery was assessed by the modified profile of mood states (POMS), perceived recovery status (PRS), and a daily wellness questionnaire. These measures were repeated immediately postgame (30 minutes) and at 20, 44, 68, 92, 116, and 140 hours postgame. Compared with baseline values, there was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in CMJ PP, JH, and TOV up to 68 hours postgame and FT 44 hours postgame. No significant difference existed among time points for salivary testosterone and CRP. Cortisol levels significantly increased postgame compared with baseline (p < 0.05). Total mood disturbance, assessed by POMS, and daily wellness markers for energy were significantly decreased (p < 0.05), whereas daily wellness markers for soreness were significantly increased (p < 0.05) immediately after the game. Players exhibited a significant decrease in PRS up to 44 hours postgame (p < 0.05), similar to the decrease in neuromuscular function. Neuromuscular function and PRS are impaired for up to 44–68 h postgame.