bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modèles explicatifs de la production de la dette technique dans les contextes Agile et DevOps : une revue de la littérature basée sur la méthode BIBGT
Authors: Kanita Nada
Published: May 2024

À l’heure d’une accélération sans précédent de la transformation digitale, les entreprises numériques sont toujours en quête d’agilité pour suivre les évolutions du marché et assurer leur croissance. Cependant, cette accélération exponentielle ne doit pas se faire au détriment de certains risques liés à l’accumulation de la dette technique afin d’assurer la pérennité de ces stratégies . L’objectif de cette étude est de construire, à partir de la littérature existante, des modèles explicatifs du phénomène de la dette technique dans les contextes de développement Agile et DevOps. Nous analysons l’impact des pratiques mobilisées dans ces contextes sur la production de la dette technique et nous identifions les contraintes inertielles qui entravent sa bonne gestion. Pour ce faire, nous avons réalisé une revue de littérature dans laquelle nous avons mobilisé la méthode inductive BIBGT, qui repose sur la combinaison de techniques bibliométriques avancées et de la Grounded Theory. À travers cette revue de littérature, nous identifions les différentes écoles de pensée, les différents thèmes du front de recherche ainsi que les principales pistes de recherche qui nous permettraient d’améliorer notre compréhension du phénomène de la dette technique. Notre analyse montre que, techniquement, les pratiques Agile et DevOps devraient réduire le niveau de dette technique et optimiser la qualité globale du logiciel. Cependant, certaines pratiques mises en œuvre dans ces contextes peuvent conduire à la production de la dette. De plus, nos résultats montrent que l’inertie organisationnelle nous permet de théoriser à la fois la production et la mauvaise gestion de la dette technique.
Virreyes sin superintendencias. ¿Reforma borbónica o proyecto personal de José de Gálvez?
Authors: Bebin Cúneo Sergio
Published: May 2024

La mayoría de los estudios sobre la Monarquía Hispánica del siglo XVIII consideran la creación de las superintendencias de Hacienda, separadas de los virreyes de Indias, como una reforma destinada a mejorar la administración fiscal de las rentas coloniales. Esta reforma se enmarcaría dentro del proyecto de introducción del sistema de intendencias en América. Sin embargo, en el presente artículo se sostiene que dicha medida no respondió a un objetivo del reformismo borbónico, sino que fue fruto de la política personal del influyente José de Gálvez. Esta intención estuvo presente en Gálvez desde la visita general a Nueva España en 1765 y se concretó una vez nombrado secretario de Indias.
El nombramiento de notarios reales en Cataluña durante el reinado de Juan I el Cazador (1387–1396)
Authors: Saura‑Nadal Jordi
Published: May 2024

El presente artículo examina el proceso de nombramiento de notarios por autoridad real en Cataluña durante el reinado de Juan I el Cazador (1387–1396). Así, gracias al análisis de los registros Gratiarum y Notariorum de la Cancillería Real, el trabajo proporciona información sobre las distintas fases del procedimiento de creación notarial, ya plenamente consolidadas en este reinado. El vaciado exhaustivo y sistemático de la rica documentación disponible, además, permite la cuantificación de la nómina de notarios reales del período, ofreciendo datos de gran interés para el estudio de la institución notarial en la Corona de Aragón bajomedieval.
Areia de escrever or arena scriptoria in the materiality of writing
Authors: Olival Fernanda , Nunes Margarida , Martins Gláucia Wanzeller , Ferreira Teresa , Claro Ana , Moita Patrícia
Published: May 2024

Com a investigação desenvolvida por esta equipa interdisciplinar, confirma-se a existência de uma areia processada para secar os textos nos séculos xvi–xix, em Portugal. Embora semelhante ao que aparecia em outros pontos da Europa, tinha as suas especificidades. Era a «areia de escrever», que muitos conventos e casas religiosas da época adquiriam. A sua composição podia variar, sendo constituída essencialmente por minerais (sobretudo ilmenite), a que se podiam juntar resíduos orgânicos.Estas areias representam hoje uma importante fonte histórica que tem sido negligenciada. Retirá-las pode implicar danos na mancha de texto e coloca sérios problemas éticos.
Codices descripti and their managing: a case study
Authors: Scala Gavino
Published: May 2024

The aim of this article is to show an interesting case study of codices descripti, in particular the manuscript Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale de France, français 24233 (P10), which is a direct copy of the manuscript Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional de España, Res/31 (Mr). The two manuscripts belong to the large manuscript tradition of the Livre du gouvernement des roys et des princes (1282), the French translation of Giles of Rome’s De regimine principum, that counts 39 items. After firstly introducing the manuscript tradition, it is necessary to focus on the p family, where the two manuscripts are situated in the stemma; this helps find the proof of the vertical correlation between the two manuscripts. Finally, it seems useful to show and explain the methodology used during the collatio phase and during the production of the edition, showing as codicological and philological elements both contribute to clarify some points of the tradition.
Challenges in Designing and Implementing Blockchain-Enabled Frameworks for Healthcare Records
Authors: Bindya Shree C. A.
Published: May 2024

Blockchain technology has gained considerable attention for its potential to revolutionize various industries, including healthcare. The secure, decentralized, and transparent nature of blockchain makes it an attractive solution for managing healthcare records. The study delves into the unique requirements and complexities of healthcare data management, such as privacy concerns, regulatory compliance, and the need for seamless data exchange among diverse healthcare entities. By gaining insights into these challenges, this research contributes to the evolving discourse on blockchain applications in healthcare and provides valuable guidance for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers seeking to leverage blockchain technology to improve the efficiency, security, and accessibility of healthcare records. Ultimately, the findings aim to inform the development of robust and effective blockchain-enabled frameworks for healthcare records, paving the way for a more interconnected and secure healthcare ecosystem.
Securing Sensitive Patient Data in Healthcare Settings Using Blockchain Technology
Authors: Thanga Selvi R. , Elakya R. , Vignesh U.
Published: May 2024

The utilization of electronic health record (EHR) has become common in the healthcare industry, enabling the storage and exchange of patients' medical information across different healthcare organizations. However, concerns regarding the security and privacy of patient data have arisen due to the centralized nature of conventional systems. To address these issues, a blockchain-based solution has been proposed to enhance data security and system efficiency. This chapter introduces a blockchain-based system designed to manage and secure patient data within a single record controlled by the patient. The Ethereum network was utilized to develop this decentralized system. The solution not only empowers users by granting them enhanced authority over their confidential information but also advocates for the incorporation of blockchain advancements within the healthcare domain. The proposed system offers improved data security and accessibility, addressing concerns related to the privacy and integrity of patient records in traditional EHR systems.
A Systematic Review
Authors: Manikandan N. , Devi Priya A. , Vinod D. , Suresh Ananad M. , Padmapriya G.
Published: May 2024

In modern era, the internet of things (IoT) has transfigured the medical industry, empowering the unified collection and exchange of patient data. However, this increased connectivity has raised significant concerns regarding the safety and confidentiality of electronic healthcare records (EHRs). This systematic review explores the security and privacy issues surrounding IoT-based EHRs and presents an in-depth analysis of how blockchain technology can be employed as an effective countermeasure to address these challenges. The chapter provides an overview of IoT in healthcare, highlights the vulnerabilities of EHR systems, and discusses the potential threats to patient data. It then delves into the principles of blockchain technology and its applicability to enhance EHR security and privacy. Various blockchain-based solutions and implementations are reviewed, and their advantages and limitations are discussed. This systematic review investigates the incorporation of IoT with EHRs in healthcare and contributes towards better understanding of the synergy between IoT, EHRs, and blockchain in the healthcare industry and assists as a valuable supplement for academics, practitioners, and policymakers. Additionally, the survey presents case studies and real-world examples of successful blockchain integration into healthcare systems. Finally, this chapter concludes by outlining the future prospects and challenges of utilizing blockchain technology for securing IoT-based EHRs and emphasizes the importance of a holistic approach to safeguarding patient data.
The Trilateral Security Pact Between Australia, the UK, and the United States and Its Geopolitical Impact on the Indo-Pacific Region
Authors: Chitadze Nika , Kumar Vinay
Published: May 2024

AUKUS (Australia, United Kingdom, United States) is a trilateral defense treaty concluded between Australia, Great Britain, and the United States. As part of the emergency security pact announced by US President Joe Biden, UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson, and Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison, the US and UK will reportedly provide Australia with the technology and capability to host nuclear submarines that could be deployed in the Indo-Pacific region. It is being used to prevent China's growing influence in the region. The agreement will allow Australia to use American technology to build nuclear submarines for the first time in its history. As a result, Australia will become the seventh country—after the US, UK, France, China, India, and Russia—to operate nuclear submarines.
Forging New Alliances in the Indo-Pacific Region
Authors: Parashar Shushant V. C.
Published: May 2024

The vast expanse of the Indo-Pacific, stretching from the eastern coast of Africa to the western shores of the Americas, is emerging as a critical strategic space. Amidst geopolitical shifts, India's Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative (IPOI) stands out as a beacon of hope and collaboration, promising an era of strengthened regional cohesion. The Indo-Pacific has historically been the locus of trade, cultural exchanges, and maritime adventures. It is at the intersection of rising geopolitical tensions, escalating trade volumes, and critical environmental challenges. The formation of the IPOI is not just timely but essential, a testament to the realisation that challenges beyond our region necessitate collective action. Balancing national interests with collective objectives, aligning the heterogeneity of its member nations, and navigating the labyrinth of geopolitical rivalries requires astute diplomacy and vision from us. The chapter dives deep into the complex fabric of IPOI, deciphering its role, relevance, and ramifications in the Indo-Pacific domain.
Securitization of the Western Indian Ocean
Authors: Marjani Niranjan
Published: May 2024

The Indo-Pacific Region is a construct with complex interactions between individual countries as well as sub-regions which are a part of the geopolitics of the Indo-Pacific Region. This chapter focuses on the North Arabian Sea Crescent (NASC) of the Western Indian Ocean, a sub-region of the Indo-Pacific Region, from the perspective of the Regional Security Complex (RSC) Theory. The NASC is subject to constant securitization owing to the faultlines within West Asia as well as the participation from the extra regional powers. Iran, with its strategic location in the Western Indian Ocean, has an important role in the stability of the NASC. First is how Iran interacts strategically with the Gulf countries within the realm of altered political dynamics of the region. Second is contextualizing the Iran factor amid the competition between extra regional powers for expanding their footprint in the Western Indian Ocean implying China's growing footprint in West Asia and the United States attempting to assert its own role in the region as well.
India's Role in the Free and Open Indo-Pacific Initiative
Authors: Al Badawi Habib , Abdallah Samoel
Published: May 2024

This chapter provides a comprehensive analysis of India's strategic evolution and engagement within the Indo-Pacific region, focusing on the Act East Policy and its alignment with the Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP) vision. The study traces the policy trajectory, objectives, and execution mechanisms, emphasizing economic integration, connectivity initiatives, maritime security cooperation, and strategic partnerships. The research explores the transition from the Look East Policy to the Act East Policy, highlighting the nuanced motivations and the policy's holistic role in shaping the region. Central to this analysis is India's ambition to be a regional anchor for stability, evident in strategic alliances, enhanced connectivity, and geopolitical shaping. The chapter delves into India's economic engagement, dissecting trade pacts, connectivity projects, and its role in RCEP negotiations. Security dimensions are explored, emphasizing naval modernization, multilateral partnerships, and diplomatic outreach.
Empirical Insights Into the Impact of COVID-19 on Employment Patterns in South Africa's Accommodation Sector
Authors: Sucheran Reshma
Published: May 2024

The tourism sector in South Africa plays a crucial role in contributing significantly to economic growth and employment. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has had an unparalleled impact on the global tourism industry, exposing vulnerabilities and uncertainties. This study addresses a gap in the literature by examining the effects of the pandemic on employment within the accommodation sector in South Africa. Online surveys were conducted with managers using a quantitative research methodology. The findings reveal a significant decline in employment, salary reductions, and widespread redundancies. Notably, the study finds that more experienced establishments demonstrated resilience against job losses, and chain-owned establishments exhibited greater resilience in mitigating salary reductions. The study's implications extend to informing strategic measures for recovery, resilience, and long-term viability within the accommodation sector.
Heart Attack Prediction Using Random Forest Classifier Approach
Authors: Kapoor Suchet , Kumar Vijay
Published: May 2024

Heart attack accounts for about 20-25 million deaths worldwide. However, 80% of these deaths are premature deaths and can be reversed by introducing new-age tools in biomedical diagnosis. Machine learning, one of the new age tools, offers a better, cost-effective approach to minimizing these deaths. In the past, machine learning could analyze vast amounts of data, including health records and scans, and identify patterns. This allows researchers to develop a model based on their results. Utilizing ML In this chapter, the authors proposed a hybrid model named random forest boosting classifier (RFBC), a combination of random forest and gradient boosting classifiers. The proposed model achieved an accuracy of 91.8%. The dataset used was the standard Cleveland heart disease dataset. The results indicated that despite advancements in the medical field, combining ML with medical diagnosis techniques remains an easy-to-implement solution.
Optimizing Critical Care
Authors: Kumar Vikash , Das Sima , Hota Suvechha
Published: May 2024

The utilization of sensor-enabled mechanical ventilation has become integral in optimizing critical care within the healthcare sector. Sensors embedded within ventilators monitor vital parameters such as respiratory rate, tidal volume, and oxygen levels, providing real-time data for precise adjustments and interventions. This sensor-driven approach enhances patient care by minimizing complications and improving overall clinical outcomes. Healthcare professionals benefit from actionable insights derived from continuous monitoring, allowing for timely interventions and personalized treatment plans. The integration of sensors in mechanical ventilation represents a significant advancement in critical care management, ensuring patient comfort, safety, and treatment efficacy. This chapter highlights the pivotal role of sensor technology in revolutionizing healthcare practices, particularly in critical care settings where accurate monitoring and intervention are paramount.
Securing and Sustaining the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT)
Authors: Sahu Rabindranath , Adhikary Arpan , Paria Abhirup , Mishra Sudip
Published: May 2024

Recent advances in M2M communications, miniaturized hardware, and microcomputing have spurred the rise of IoT. In healthcare, IoT integration with medical devices has transformed treatment, offering cost-effective solutions, improved monitoring, and personalized care. This has led to complex IoMT systems with unique operating systems and protocols. However, security vulnerabilities threaten their adoption. Research is addressing these challenges by integrating robust security measures. This chapter emphasizes the need for security in IoMT, discussing key aspects and state-of-the-art techniques for securing data transmission, collection, and storage. It explores various security requirements, design complexities, and methodologies to enhance IoMT resilience. Additionally, it surveys current research and suggests future directions for innovation.
An In-Depth Analysis of Women's Social Capital in Abu-Shouk Camp
Authors: Abdelbagi Osman Mohamed Mawa , ElBahlawan Eslam , Ahmed Leila Omer Adam
Published: May 2024

This study explores the complex social bonds among women in the Abu-Shouk camp, an internally displaced person camp in Darfur, Western Sudan, against the backdrop of the prolonged Darfur conflict. Social bonds are essential for women in the Abu-Shouk camp as they provide emotional support, practical assistance, and a sense of community amidst the hardships of displacement. These bonds help them collectively guide daily challenges, fostering resilience and solidarity in the face of adversity. To examine these bonds, a robust research design was employed, including surveys to comprehensively assess various aspects of women's lives, including demographics, trust, solidarity, and women's empowerment. Findings reveal that trust plays a pivotal role, in influencing social relationships within the camp, as women show caution in various relationships. Moreover, education and age impact gift-giving behaviors, indicating potential avenues for stabilizing social ties. The study contributes valuable insights into the lives of women amidst conflict and displacement, emphasizing the centrality of trust and social bonds, and offering important implications for targeted interventions aimed at empowering women and promoting equitable decision-making within challenging contexts.
Empresses of Legacy
Authors: Yerramilli Aparna Rao
Published: May 2024

The proposed chapter aims to shed light on Indian Stories of Historical Women's extraordinary courage and achievements which contributed to the empowerment of women in India. Examples of iconic women like Rani Padmini, Rani Lakshmibai, and Savitribai Phule will be discussed so as to illustrate their iconic roles in shaping India's socio-political and educational landscapes. The chapter will also delve into the contributions of these women in giving a direction to the movement of women empowerment in India. Hence, the focus on the women who played a pivotal role in social reforms, revolutionary movements, and political pioneers, freedom fighters, educationists who paved the way for inspiring the future generations to come, in a diverse and vast landscape as India.
The Consumer in the Fashion Industry
Authors: Pacchera Francesco , Silvestri Cecilia , Ruggieri Alessandro
Published: May 2024

The production and consumption of textile products worldwide generate severe environmental impacts as well as economic and social repercussions. Companies are embarking on a new path towards sustainable production and consumption patterns to respond to increasingly environmentally conscious consumers. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of a sustainable consumer in the fashion industry and their level of awareness regarding sustainability at the time of purchase. To this end, a questionnaire was developed to analyse consumer behaviour in the fashion sector, while various statistical techniques were used to analyse the data. The results show that a cluster of consumers can be defined as sustainable, and that socio-demographic variables and price influence the purchase of sustainable products. Sustainability knowledge is also crucial for adopting sustainable consumption behaviour.
AI and Human Experience
Authors: Lakshmi Y. P. Sai , Donthu Somasekhar , Sharma Deepti , Reddy Uma , Nijhawan Ginni , Yusupov Akhmadbek
Published: May 2024

Industry 4.0, which was put forth ten years ago to address the benefits and drawbacks of the industry, has now been superseded by Industry 5.0 (I5.0). It seeks to put the well-being of people at the core of manufacturing processes in order to accomplish social objectives above job creation and development and firmly provide resources for the future development of all humanity. These environments use a variety of technologies, including AI, machine vision, the IoT, and data analytics, to perceive, interpret, recognise, and identify client activity. Through an examination of the intersection of IS and I5.0 principles, this study attempts to offer insight into the technical execution problems surrounding cognitive factories. The creation and utilisation of a lab-based model of a cognitive cell is one instance of a cognitive factory module. This study adds to the body of knowledge on the I5.0 smart manufacturing strategy by examining the essential components and difficulties related to the application of cognitive cells.
Industry 5.0 Revolution
Authors: Rajkumar M. , Kapula Prabhakara Rao , Alekhya V. , Reddy Uma , Kumar Ashish , Yusupov Akhmadbek
Published: May 2024

Considered the next phase of industrial development, Industry 5.0 aims to achieve resource-efficient and user-preferred manufacturing solutions above Industry 4.0 by integrating the creativity of human experts with precise, intelligent, and economical machinery. It is anticipated that a plethora of exciting technologies and applications would help Industry 5.0 boost output and provide customised goods on demand. The evaluation's outcomes, which also show evolutionary patterns and provide recommendations for future study areas, are used to identify and highlight potential difficulties.
Predictive Quality in Industry 5.0
Authors: Santos Eduardo Manuel , Nunes Eusebio Pinto , Rodrigues Cristina Maria
Published: May 2024

In this chapter, the authors intend to discuss Industry 5.0 and the emerging changes in quality management, in its planning, control and improvement components. It is intended to clarify that, in the context of smart manufacturing systems, quality management requires new approaches in monitoring and controlling manufacturing processes. This paradigm shift requires new skills, one of the most important of which is predictive quality. There is a gap between the development of theories, approaches, concepts and philosophies and their application in a real context. From this perspective, the chapter aims to present predictive quality as a contribution to the integration of creativity and human skills in improving manufacturing processes.
Social Media and the Implementation of the Digital Transformation Landscape
Authors: Karoui Chedia
Published: May 2024

This study contributes to the literature on social media and digital transformation and provides insights into how the implementation of digital transformation emerges as an assemblage constituted by diverse socio-economic challenges. Drawing on several recent works on the intention development' of information system, the authors discuss the fulfilment of social media in the company as strategic tools that have had a profound incidence on the manner they convey and are of great importance to the management of the company. The admixture of social media tools has removed the geographic barriers that once limited communication and led to an explosion of virtual presence and online communities of electronic participation.
The Effect of Renewable Energy and Institutional Quality on Industrialization in Africa
Authors: Kwakwa Paul Adjei
Published: May 2024

All countries stand to benefit enormously from industrialization. However, the industrialization agenda in Africa has not achieved much success. This study employs an econometric approach to examine the drivers of Africa's industrial performance. Although some works have sought to unravel the possible causes of the apparent slow industrial growth in Africa, little is known of the role of renewable energy and institutional quality. In this study, industrial growth was modeled as a function of renewable energy, institutions, urbanization, trade openness, and foreign direct investment. Results from regression analysis confirmed renewable energy consumption, urban growth, trade openness, and foreign direct investment positively affect industrialization while institution drives it down. Recommendations from the findings include the need to invest in renewable energy infrastructure and also fight against impediments of institutional quality in Africa.
Research Process
Authors: Le Anh Thanh Nguyet , Tran Hien Thi , Mai Thao Thi , Vo Vy Phuong
Published: May 2024

The procedure of conducting research involves a series of logical steps that a researcher can take. This chapter will provide a brief overview of the seven preliminary steps in the research process, as subsequent chapters will delve into each step in greater detail. To contextualize these steps, models of the research process from other published works will also be examined. Each step is interrelated and plays a significant role in carrying out a successful study, forming a cohesive circle of research.
Designing Effective Questionnaires
Authors: Bang Truong Cong
Published: May 2024

Questionnaires are pivotal data collection tools in applied linguistics and language education research. This chapter provides a comprehensive guide on designing effective questionnaires to ensure reliable, valid, and ethically sound data. It covers key principles such as defining research objectives, understanding the target audience, selecting appropriate question types, structuring the layout, pilot testing, assessing reliability and validity, and addressing ethical considerations. Emphasis is placed on crafting clear questions, avoiding bias, ensuring cultural sensitivity, obtaining informed consent, and protecting data confidentiality. Guidance on data collection, analysis, and interpretation is also provided. Overall, this chapter equips researchers with essential strategies for developing high-quality questionnaires that yield insightful findings, advancing knowledge in these fields. Adherence to the outlined best practices contributes to rigorous, responsible research that enhances our understanding of language and its role in education.
Writing a Research Proposal
Authors: Vien Truong
Published: May 2024

Writing a research proposal is the first step for a research project. It's like a map that guides you on a trip; more concretely, it provides you with an outline to guide you through the research process. This chapter deals with fundamentals related to developing a research proposal and how to make it a sound and comprehensive one. It begins with the importance of writing a research proposal. The second part presents characteristics of a good research proposal. The third part involves the main components of a research proposal and other important aspects of the proposal that need to be considered. The final part concerns how to review your research proposal following the recommended guidelines for essential content as well as required form before submitting it.
Trends and Research Potential With the Use of ChatGPT and Other AI Tools
Authors: Karthikeyan V. , Kirubakaran G. , Varun Prakash R. , Palin Visu Y.
Published: May 2024

The utilization of ChatGPT and other AI technologies has led to the emergence of novel and stimulating research avenues across various disciplines. Researchers are currently focusing on developing Conversational AI systems that can understand natural language and provide context-aware responses. An increasing number of individuals are choosing multimodal integration, enabling them to participate in more comprehensive conversations by combining text, pictures, and music. Investigating methods to mitigate bias and enhance response equity in language models like ChatGPT is a crucial field of research. This enables the provision of replies that are highly customized to the specific requirements of industries such as healthcare and finance. Enhancing the comprehensibility of AI judgments continues to be a primary focus, promoting openness and user confidence. The practical utilization of AI technologies emphasizes the user experience and usefulness by showcasing their real-world applications, which span from virtual assistance to customer care.
Unveiling Privacy, Security, and Ethical Concerns of ChatGPT
Authors: Lalar Sachin , Kumar Tajinder , Kumar Rajinder , Kumar Shubham
Published: May 2024

The increasing popularity of large-scale language models, such as ChatGPT, has led to growing worries about their safety, potential security threats, and ethical implications. This chapter thoroughly examines ChatGPT, an AI-powered chatbot that utilizes topic modeling and reinforcement learning to generate natural and coherent answers. Even though ChatGPT has enormous promise in a variety of fields, it is crucial to critically assess its security, privacy, and ethical implications. By analyzing possible security flaws in ChatGPT deployment across several scenarios, the chapter begins a thorough investigation. The authors thoroughly examine the security concerns that come with the extensive use of this powerful language model, including exploiting its flaws via adversarial attacks and the unexpected ramifications in real-world applications. Finally, the authors examine the unresolved issues in these domains, encouraging collaborative endeavors to guarantee the advancement of safe and ethically extensive language models.
Pharmaceutical care of premedical and first aid in case of injuries: impact of biological and nuclear weapons and radiation exposure from military destruction of nuclear power plants
Authors: Tkachenko Oleksandr , Bulda Volodymyr , Makarova Nataliia , Filippova Larysa , Barabanchyk Olena
Published: May 2024

The relevance of the topic is due to the increased risk of radiation hazards on the territory of Ukraine caused by the frequent shelling of nuclear power plants in the Zaporizhzhya region. This research work aims to calculate the percentage of the population that is sufficiently aware of the issues in providing medical care for radiation and other injuries. During the scientific research, the authors used analytical, statistical, and diagnostic methods to study information on radiation hazards and define the specifics and consequences of the use of various types of biological weapons. The main results achieved within the framework of this scientific study would be a clear justification and assessment of the radiation hazards for Ukrainians and a determination of the feasibility and indications for the use of certain medicines. The results obtained and the conclusions formulated on their basis are of practical importance for the military, territorial defence fighters, students of medical universities, sanitary workers, police officers, teachers, drivers, and civilians.
Mounting evidence for Angtotensin Receptor Blockcrs in clinical medicine
Authors: Ker J.A. , Ker J.
Published: May 2024

No abstract available.
Country Practice (Part 2) - Memoirs of the late Dr. DH Girdwood (Bedford, Eastern Cape)
Authors: Editor SAFPJ
Published: May 2024

No abstract available.
Supplements (Part 2): Trace Elements, Minerals, Free Radicals and Antioxidants
Authors: Jobson R.
Published: May 2024

No abstract available.
Understanding Pollenosis
Authors: Potter P.C.
Published: May 2024

No abstract available.
The Hand Patient: Human Bite
Authors: Mennen U.
Published: May 2024

No abstract available.
Futility-caveat lector
Authors: Howarth Graham R.
Published: May 2024

In some ways, those persons who practise medicine have become of its victims. We wish to do the best for our patients. However, occasionally the advantages of the treatment may be marginal. Added to this is the spiraling cost of the medical therapy, something that doctors are aware of. To make the problem even more difficult, we have increasing awareness by patients and their families of the concepts of autonomy and patient's rights. They feel that they can demand treatment that the doctor may feel is of no or marginal benefit; possibly also at great expense. This card in these situations, that can usurp patient autonomy, in the sense that we do not have to give treatment that we consider to be futile, despite the patient requesting the treatment.
The roll-out of Antiretroviral (ARV) treatment and the contribution of Family Medicine - let's take up the gauntlet
Authors: Hugo Jannie , Vintges Marga , Marincowitz Gert , Blitz-Lindeque Julia
Published: May 2024

No abstract available.
Collapse of a Public-Private Partnership in Uitenhage: A case study
Authors: Qolohle M.D. , Nyushman N.B.
Published: May 2024

This paper examines the collapse of a public-private partnership (PPP) in the district of Uitenhage in 1999. Talks to revive the partnership are high on the agenda. It is therefore essential to examine the reasons for the collapse to avoid the pitfalls of the past and to ensure that a more sustainable and competent partnership is built for the future. The Eastern Cape is one of the most impoverished provinces of South Africa and can only benefit by better cooperation between the public and the private sectors.
Knowledge and practice of condom use among black and white South Africans
Authors: Peltzer K.
Published: May 2024

The aim of the study was to investigate knowledge and sexual practices with reference to correct use of condoms among 108 Black and 114 White adult South Africans chosen by systematic random sampling. Results indicated that about 25% of the sexually active sample (28,6% Blacks and 18,9% Whites) reported never having used condoms. About 55% of the sample reported never using condoms, 20% always, 12% regularly and 13% irregularly in the preceding three months. The overall knowledge mean score about correct usage was 7,7% (Whites 8,3 and Blacks 7,1) (range 0-10). The most common mistakes with the respect to condom use knowledge were ignorance before putting on a condom just before ejaculation (44%), when to take off a condom (41%), unrolling a condom before putting it on the penis (33%), and the use of oil-based lubricant with a condom (31%). Predictors for programmes consider cultural diversity.
Concomitant Transcatheter Transfemoral Double Native Valve Replacement for Severe Aortic Stenosis and Severe Mitral Stenosis with Mitral Annular Calcification
Authors: Mehta Navneet , Gupta Abhinav , Rao Ravinder S. , Varshney Prashant K. , Premalatha K. , Arora Chetna , Bana Ajeet , Chaturvedi Hemant
Published: May 2024

Concomitant mitral and aortic valve stenosis in a patient with mitral annular calcification and porcelain aorta poses a unique problem to the surgical team. Transcatheter aortic and mitral valve replacements in native valves offer a viable option for such selected group of patients. We present the case of a 54-year-old male who presented with severe aortic stenosis (AS) and severe mitral stenosis (MS) but was deemed high risk for surgery owing to intense calcification of the aorta and mitral annular calcification, and successfully underwent transcatheter double native valve replacement.
Comparison of Glucose Control by Added Liraglutide to Only Insulin Infusion in Diabetic Patient Undergoing Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Sindhvananda Wacharin , Poopuangpairoj Weerasake , Jaiprasat Teerarat , Ongcharit Pachara
Published: May 2024

Background:

Liraglutide, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, has been investigated for safety and effectiveness for blood glucose (BG) control in a surgical setting. However, there are only a few studies specific to cardiac surgery patients.

Aims:

To primarily compare perioperative 1) BG and 2) glycemic variability (GV) between added liraglutide and only insulin infusion in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Setting and Design:

A randomized control trial was conducted in DM patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Inclusion criteria were age 20–80 years and DM Type 2.

Material and Methods:

The recruited patients were randomly assigned to Group 1 (added liraglutide with insulin infusion) and Group 2 (insulin infusion). Insulin infusion was based on institutional protocol. Point of care testing (POCT) glucose was used for the adjustment of insulin and BG analysis. Continuous glucose monitor (CGM) was for GV analysis (using Standard deviation: SD).

Statistics:

t-test, Chi-square or Fisher-exact test, or Mann–Whitney U test.

Results:

Finally, 60 patients were in our study (Group 1 = 32 vs Group 2 = 28). Perioperative mean BG levels of Group 1 were significantly lower than Group 2 with a mean difference of 15.9 mg/dL. Nine patients (18.7% vs 10.7%, P = 0.384) had BG of 60–70 with mean BGs (109.1 vs 147.9, P = 0.001) in the morning. Thirteen patients (9.4% vs 35.7%, P = 0.025) had BG >180 mg/dL at the 1st operative hour. SDs were increasing, but lower SD of Group 1 were observed at the postoperative period. Mean of SDs at postoperative day 2 were 23.65 vs 32.79 mg/dL, P = 0.018.

Conclusions:

Liraglutide added with insulin infusion can attenuate perioperative BG and is beneficial in the aspect of lowering GV together with BG at the postoperative period in DM patients. Liraglutide can be applied in cardiac surgery but a rearrangement of time and dosage should be further investigated.
Superior mesenteric artery syndrome: A tough nut to crack – A rare complication in the management of oligometastatic colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Cherulil Sreedhar Jayakrishnan , Sreelesh K. P. , Ramakrishnan K. G.
Published: May 2024

The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction. However, conditions associated with rapid weight loss, including malignancy, burns, bariatric surgery, and trauma, can precipitate the syndrome. Recognition of the syndrome requires a high index of suspicion and a multidisciplinary approach in conjunction with the radiologist. Here, we present the case of a patient with metastatic colon cancer, who developed symptoms of abdominal pain and hematuria after undergoing a local ablative procedure for liver metastases. He was extensively evaluated, in view of a history of abdominal pain in the supine position and relieved in the prone position, along with a history of similar complaints following an earlier colectomy procedure and a history of weight loss. In view of this unusual symptom complex coupled with the radiologic findings on the ultrasound, he underwent a barium swallow which showed duodenal dilation and a reduced aortomesenteric angle. Thus, a diagnosis of the SMA syndrome with the nutcracker phenomenon was made. The patient was managed conservatively and is on regular follow-up. The case highlights the need for a multidisciplinary approach, with an innocuous observation in tandem with the clinical history being pivotal in clinching a rare diagnosis.
ABO and Rh Blood Group Association with Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes
Authors: Swartz Samantha Rae , Steffen Haley Alaine , Wendt Linder H. , Kenne Kimberly A. , Rysavy Mary B. , Jackson J. Brooks
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:

ABO and Rh blood types are known to have associations with health and disease, but studies on their relationship to pregnancy outcomes have been largely inconclusive. We aimed to examine the associations between ABO and Rh blood groups in pregnant women with maternal–neonatal characteristics and outcomes including hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational diabetes, cesarean section rate, preterm birth, postpartum quantitative blood loss, birth weight, and appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration scores.

Methods:

At the time of delivery, 2497 consecutive patients were tested for ABO and Rh blood groups. Only those who delivered singleton infants were included in the analysis (2392 patients, 95.8%). Demographic and clinical data were obtained from the electronic medical record. Associations between blood groups and maternal–neonatal characteristics and outcomes were assessed using logistic regression models. A significance threshold of 0.05 was used for all comparisons.

Results:

Of the 2392 delivering patients, 46.9% were blood group O, 37.5% were blood group A, 12.2% were blood group B, and 3.4% were blood group AB. In addition, 85.9% were Rh-positive and 14.1% Rh-negative. A total of 2127 (88.9%) women delivered at term. The cesarean section rate was 32.4%, 183 (7.7%) had chronic hypertension, 275 (11.5%) had gestational diabetes, and 396 (16.6%) had a postpartum hemorrhage. The median birth weight was 3330 g (interquartile range 2940–3640). No blood groups were significantly associated with these characteristic and outcome measures.

Conclusion:

At the time of delivery, no significant associations were identified between ABO and Rh blood groups and maternal–neonatal characteristics and outcomes in this delivery cohort of over 2000 women.
A Study of Red Cell Exchange in Patients of Sickle Cell Disease at a Tertiary Care Hospital of South Gujarat, India
Authors: Zanzari Pooja , Vasava Ashwin , Patel Jitendra , Patel Kamal Arvindbhai , Modi Pooja , Navadiya Mitul , Nathani Kruti Jayant
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited single-gene autosomal recessive disorder. Red cell exchange (RCE) refers to the removal of diseased red blood cells (RBCs) in exchange for healthy donor RBCs. In the present study, RCE was performed in patients with SCD with different crises such as acute chest syndrome, vaso-occlusive crisis, and sequestration crisis. The study was conducted to determine the clinical efficacy of RCE in SCD and to study the clinical profile of the study population. The study will help generate data to support and improve existing knowledge on the clinical efficacy of RCE in SCD.

Methods:

A prospective observational study of RBC exchange in patients of SCD with the acute crisis was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in South Gujarat including the effect of RCE as a treatment modality in patients of SCD. The study was conducted following guidelines given by the American Society for Apheresis.

Results:

This study was conducted among 8 patients (7 female and 1 male) with varying age groups from 10 to 29 years. Clinical findings of patients, pulse rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation got improved after the procedure. There was an improvement in PaO2 from 51.63 to 73 after the procedure. There was a decrease in mean sickle hemoglobin (Hb S) level (from 68.452% to 16.438% after procedure) and Hb F level (from 11.938% to 3.063% after procedure) with an increase in Hb A level (from 13.862% to 70.152% after procedure).

Conclusion:

In the present study, automated RCE procedures in patients with SCD were well tolerated and effective for both acute and chronic complications of SCD in terms of relieving the symptoms by reducing the Hb S level postprocedures.
A Rare Case of Pregnancy-induced Anti-D, Anti-C, and Anti-G Antibodies
Authors: Sinha Ayesha , Basheela Najla Haneefa , Biswas Durba , Basu Debapriya , Datta Suvro Sankha
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

A 39-year-old female with breast carcinoma presented with complaints of menorrhagia and weakness. At current admission, her hemoglobin was 6.2 g/dL, and a requisition for packed red blood cells (PRBCs) was sent to the blood center. There was no previous history of transfusions, and the last pregnancy was 11 years ago. During the immunohematological (IH) workup, she was typed as O, ccdee, with an extra reaction in reverse grouping. Her antibody screening was positive, followed by the antibody identification, which was suggestive of anti-D and anti-C antibodies. The “Rhesus G” is an immunogenic antigen that is present on red cells that are D- and/or C-positive. Therefore, it is essential to determine the possibility of the presence of an anti-G antibody in the patient since anti-G appears as anti-D + anti-C serologically. In our case, a series of IH tests were performed, which ultimately led to the detection of all three antibodies: anti-D, anti-C, and anti-G. The patient’s husband and both children were typed as A, CcDee. Hence, her alloantibodies were most probably pregnancy induced, and since antibodies to the Rhesus system have a poor evanescence phenomenon, they are persisting to date. She was safely transfused with two units of O, ccdee PRBCs, and a special blood group card was provided to ensure that she always receives transfusions with phenotype-matched red cells in the future to avoid further alloimmunization.
Assessment of Platelet Crossmatch Results by Solid Phase Red Cell Adherence Assay among Pediatric Hemato-oncology Patients in a Tertiary Care Oncology Center
Authors: Desai Priti , Navkudkar Anisha , Bain Gourav , Rajadhyaksha Sunil B.
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:

This study employed platelets cross-matched by the solid-phase red cell adherence (SPRCA) method and oc-related it with posttransfusion platelet count increment in terms of corrected count increment (CCI) and percent platelet recovery (PPR) among pediatric hemato-oncology patients. It did not study subgroups of patients nor did it have a control group. This was an observational study. The objective of the study was to assess platelet crossmatch results by the SPRCA method and find its correlation with posttransfusion platelet count increment among pediatric hemato-oncology patients in a tertiary care oncology center.

Methods:

This was a prospective observational study performed on pediatric patients with hematological malignancies requiring platelet transfusions during August 2019–January 2020. An assessment of the response to platelet transfusion on the participants was analyzed against the crossmatch results using SPRCA to measure the response in terms of CCI and PPR.

Results:

A total of 80 pediatric multiply transfused patients of hematological malignancies were transfused with ABO-identical single donor platelet unit which was subsequently tested for compatibility SPRCA assay. Among a total of 80 platelet crossmatches, 86% (69/80) were found to be compatible. Among 69 patients with compatible platelet crossmatches, 91% (63/69) had adequate CCI (>7500). Among 11 patients with incompatible crossmatches, 73% (8/11) had adequate CCI, and 27% (3/11) had inadequate CCI. Statistically significant association was found between crossmatch compatibility and PPR.

Conclusions:

Transfusion of crossmatched platelets from the available inventory to multiply transfused patients of hematological malignancies can be an option. It is very important to assess the posttransfusion platelet responses in such patients in terms of CCI as well as PPR. The SPRCA assay is a rapid and effective method to select the compatible unit from the inventory and is feasible to implement in an oncology setup to cater the requirement of multiple platelet transfusions to patients with hematological malignancies.