bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Deep Learning-Based Text Classification of Adverse Nursing Events
Authors: Lu Wenjing , Jiang Wei , Zhang Na , Xue Feng
Published: November 2021

Adverse nursing events occur suddenly, unpredictably, or unexpectedly during course of clinical diagnosis and treatment processes in the hospitals. These events adversely affect the patient’s diagnosis and treatment results and even increase the patient’s pain and burden. Additionally, It is high likely to cause accidents and disputes and affect normal medical work and personnel safety and is not conducive to the development of the health system. Due to the rapid development of modern medicine, health and safety of patients have become the most concerned issue in society and patient safety is an important part of medical care management. Research and events have shown that classified management of adverse nursing events, event analysis, and improvement measures are beneficial, specifically to the health system, to continuously improve the quality of medical care and reduce the occurrence of adverse nursing events. In the management of adverse nursing events, it is very important to categorize the text reports of adverse nursing events and divide these into different categories and levels. Traditional reports of adverse nursing events are mostly unstructured and simple data, often relying on manual classification, which is difficult to analyze. Furthermore, data is relatively inaccurate and practical reference significance is not obvious. In this paper, we have extensively evaluated various deep learning-based classification methods which are specifically designed for the healthcare systems. It becomes possible with the development of science and technology; text classification methods based on deep learning are gradually entering people’s field of vision. Additionally, we have proposed a text classification model for adverse nursing events in the health system. Experiments and data comparison test of both the proposed deep learning-based method and existing methods in the text classification of nursing adverse events effect are performed. These results show the exceptional performance of the proposed mechanism in terms of various evaluation metrics.
PTP1B Is an Intracellular Checkpoint that Limits T-cell and CAR T-cell Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Wiede Florian , Lu Kun-Hui , Du Xin , Zeissig Mara N. , Xu Rachel , Goh Pei Kee , Xirouchaki Chrysovalantou E. , Hogarth Samuel J. , Greatorex Spencer , Sek Kevin , Daly Roger J. , Beavis Paul A. , Darcy Phillip K. , Tonks Nicholas K. , Tiganis Tony
Published: November 2021

Immunotherapies aimed at alleviating the inhibitory constraints on T cells have revolutionized cancer management. To date, these have focused on the blockade of cell-surface checkpoints such as PD-1. Herein we identify protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) as an intracellular checkpoint that is upregulated in T cells in tumors. We show that increased PTP1B limits T-cell expansion and cytotoxicity to contribute to tumor growth. T cell–specific PTP1B deletion increased STAT5 signaling, and this enhanced the antigen-induced expansion and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells to suppress tumor growth. The pharmacologic inhibition of PTP1B recapitulated the T cell–mediated repression of tumor growth and enhanced the response to PD-1 blockade. Furthermore, the deletion or inhibition of PTP1B enhanced the efficacy of adoptively transferred chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells against solid tumors. Our findings identify PTP1B as an intracellular checkpoint whose inhibition can alleviate the inhibitory constraints on T cells and CAR T cells to combat cancer.

Significance:

Tumors subvert antitumor immunity by engaging checkpoints that promote T-cell exhaustion. Here we identify PTP1B as an intracellular checkpoint and therapeutic target. We show that PTP1B is upregulated in intratumoral T cells and that its deletion or inhibition enhances T-cell antitumor activity and increases CAR T-cell effectiveness against solid tumors.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 587
In and Out of Control
Authors: Reichenberg Olof
Published: November 2021

The present study aimed to predict job control (i.e., task discretion) based on class and occupation with skill use as a (hypothesized) mechanism in four Western European countries by using the OECD adult skill survey (PIAAC). The countries were Denmark, Belgium, Italy, and the United Kingdom (UK). The study used a Bayesian approach that included multilevel models combined with measurement models. The study uses the international standard classification of occupations with two digits (clustering variable) as well as the European socioeconomic classification (ESeC) measured with three social classes. The results indicate that greater worker technical skills (computer use) and social skills (e.g., negotiate and influence) predict higher levels of job control. Social classes interact with skills to predict job control (except Belgium). Occupational computer skills predict job control (in Belgium and Italy). In conclusion, the study supports predictions by neo-Durkheimians, neo-Weberians, New Structuralists, and relational approaches to inequality.
Tillandsia mantiqueirae (Bromeliaceae), a New Species from Minas Gerais State, Brazil
Authors: PAIXÃO-SOUZA BRUNO , SILVA NÍLBER GONÇALVES DA , GUIMARÃES ALESSANDRA RIBEIRO , ALVES RUY JOSÉ VÁLKA , COSTA ANDREA FERREIRA DA
Published: November 2021

A new species of rupicolous Tillandsia from the Mantiqueira mountain range in Southern Minas Gerais State is described based on morphology and leaf anatomy. This new taxon is close to T. nuptialis. The known distribution and conservation status of this new species are discussed.
Taxonomic treatments of Pyrenaria jonquieriana (Theaceae) and related taxa
Authors: YANG YE-KUN , ZHANG QIONG , MA JIN-LIN , YANG SHI-XIONG
Published: November 2021

On the basis of field investigation and herbarium specimen examination,  Tutcheria multisepala, Pyrenaria poilaneana, Parapyrenaria indochinensis and Camellia luuana are treated to the synonymy of Pyrenaria jonquieriana. In addition, lectotypes are designated for the names Pyrenaria jonquieriana and Pyrenaria poilaneana.
Progression of Intracranial Hemorrhage After Chemical Prophylaxis Using Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Thier Zachary T. , Drake-Lavelle Kelan , Prest Phillip J. , Jones Mark A. , Reeves Jeremy M. , McClung-Smith Catherine F. , Goodwin Tyler M. , Villani Nolan , Metz John , Jackson J. Benjamin
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Chemical prophylaxis using low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is considered a standard of care for venous thromboembolism in trauma patients. Our center performs a head computed tomography (CT) scan 24 hours after initiation with prophylactic LMWH in the setting of a known traumatic brain injury (TBI). The purpose was to determine the overall incidence of ICH progression after chemoprophylaxis in patients with a TBI.

Methods

This retrospective study was performed at a Level I trauma center, from 1/1/2014 to 12/31/2017. Study patients were drawn from the institution’s trauma registry based on Abbreviated Injury Score codes.

Results

778 patients met all inclusion criteria after initial chart review. The proportion of patients with an observed radiographic progression of intracranial hemorrhage after LMWH was 5.8%. 3.1% of patients had a change in clinical management. Observed radiographic progression after LMWH prophylaxis and the presence of SDH on initial CT, the bilateral absence of pupillary response in the emergency department, and a diagnosis of dementia were found to have statistically significant correlation with bleed progression after LMWH was initiated.

Conclusion

Over a 4-year period, the use of CT to evaluate for radiographic progression of traumatic intracranial hemorrhage 24 hours after receiving LMWH resulted in a change in clinical management for 3.1% of patients. The odds of intracranial hemorrhage progression were approximately 6.5× greater in patients with subdural hemorrhage on initial CT, 3.1× greater in patients with lack of bilateral pupillary response in ED, and 4.2× greater in patients who had been diagnosed with dementia.
May I Talk to You for a Minute? An Assessment of Street Stops and Officer Decision-Making
Authors: Tillyer Rob , Smith Michael R. , Lloyd Caleb D.
Published: November 2021

The overwhelming majority of research on officer-initiated contacts with civilians is drawn from traffic stops, while relatively little is known about officer decision-making during non-vehicular, street stops. The current study fills this gap by examining intrusive detentions, investigatory actions and enforcement activities undertaken by the police during street stops. Using data from a racially/ethnic diverse metropolitan area, analyses examine encounter-related variables, civilian and officer-related demographic characteristics, and contextual correlates of actions undertaken during these incidents. Conclusions drawn from this study provide specific insight into the patterns and practices of street stop encounters and offer a contribution to our broader understanding of police-civilian encounters.
A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Reading Comprehension Interventions on the Reading Comprehension Outcomes of Struggling Readers in Third Through 12th Grades
Authors: Filderman Marissa J. , Austin Christy R. , Boucher Alexis N. , O’Donnell Katherine , Swanson Elizabeth A.
Published: November 2021

Informed by theories of reading comprehension and prior reviews of reading comprehension intervention, this meta-analysis uniquely contributes to the literature because it describes the relative effects of various approaches to comprehension intervention for struggling readers in Grades 3 through 12. Findings from 64 studies demonstrate significant positive effects of reading comprehension intervention on comprehension outcomes ( g = .59, p < .001, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.47, 0.74], τ2 = .31). A metaregression model indicated significantly higher effects associated with researcher-developed measures, background knowledge instruction, and strategy instruction, and significantly lower effects associated with instructional enhancements. Grade level, metacognitive approaches, and study quality did not moderate effects. Findings support the use of background knowledge instruction and strategy instruction to support comprehension of struggling readers in upper elementary and beyond.
Implementation of a computer-assisted face-to-face intervention for mapping the social support networks of patients with severe mental illness in routine clinical practice: Analysis of the appropriateness and acceptability of the intervention
Authors: Nicaise Pablo , Garin Hélène , Smith Pierre , d’Oreye de Lantremange Sébastien , Leleux Laurent , Wyngaerden François , Lorant Vincent
Published: November 2021

Background:

Social support is a key dimension of personal recovery for patients with severe mental disorders. Although clinicians and health professionals should monitor the social support resources of patients in order to provide effective treatment, no specific tool or intervention exist for that purpose. Egonet is a computer-assisted intervention for health and social services that enables the mapping, assessment and fostering of patients’ social support networks.

Aims:

This paper describes the intervention and evaluates the appropriateness and acceptability of its implementation in a clinical setting.

Method:

We described the computer-assisted intervention. We used a questionnaire to assess how appropriate and acceptable clinicians found a preliminary version to be. We also collected patients’ level of satisfaction with their social support networks before and after the intervention and carried out qualitative interviews.

Results:

Egonet is made up of four components: (1) a computer-assisted interview for mapping social networks, (2) a remote data server, (3) a data-mining module and (4) a customisable reporting tool. Egonet was implemented for 232 patients by 91 clinicians from five services. The intervention was perceived by clinicians as appropriate and useful for clinical practice, although it was noted that considerable effort was required to obtain its benefits. Patients were slightly more satisfied with their social support after the intervention than before, and expressed the opinion that more attention should be paid to the social support network.

Conclusions:

EGONET is appropriate and acceptable for use in work related to the social support networks of patients with psychiatric disorders.
Idealized Motherhood: Examples of the Gendered Worldview of the Pastoral Letters
Authors: Huizenga Annette
Published: November 2021

In the Pastoral Letters, the roles and practices of mothering in a domestic household serve as benchmarks for the general instructions on how “one ought to behave in the household of God” (1 Tim 3:15). This article examines several passages in 1–2 Timothy and Titus in which the author employs an idealized and stereotypical view of motherhood in order to persuade female believers to fulfill this socially-appropriate condition and to restrict them from leadership positions in the community.
Sensemaking of University and District Stakeholders in Implementing a Teacher Residency Policy in Louisiana
Authors: Chu Yiting
Published: November 2021

A growing body of research has identified teacher residency’s potentials for improving and sustaining preservice teacher learning through a stronger district–university partnership. Drawing on sensemaking perspectives on education policy implementation, this qualitative case study examines how a variety of university and district stakeholders make sense of and implement a state-mandated teacher residency in Louisiana. Findings reveal that stakeholders are primarily making sense of the residency in isolation, leading to incoherent understandings and varied implementation practices. Opportunities to improve stakeholders’ collective sensemaking and collaborative implementation and to optimize the benefits and potentials of teacher residency partnerships are discussed. This study has implications for teacher education policy implementation and continuous inquiry into the complexities of teacher preparation.
Breast Cancer Subtypes and Mortality of Breast Cancer Patients With Brain Metastasis at Diagnosis: A Population-Based Study
Authors: He Dong-Jie , Yu De-Quan , Wang Qi-Ming , Yu Zong-Yan , Qi Yu-Hong , Shao Qiu-Ju , Chang Hao
Published: November 2021

Background

Brain metastasis is an important cause of breast cancer-related death.

Aim

We evaluated the relationships between breast cancer subtype and prognosis among patients with brain metastasis at the initial diagnosis.

Methods

The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was searched to identify patients with brain metastasis from breast cancer between 2010 and 2015. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to identify factors that were associated with survival among patients with initial brain metastases. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to compare survival outcomes according to breast cancer subtype.

Results

Among 752 breast cancer patients with brain metastasis at diagnosis, 140 patients (18.6%) underwent primary surgery and 612 patients (81.4%) did not undergo surgery, while 460 patients (61.2%) received chemotherapy and 292 patients (38.8%) did not receive chemotherapy. Multivariable analysis revealed that, relative to HR+/HER2– breast cancer, HR–/HER2– breast cancer was associated with significantly poorer overall survival (hazard ratio: 2.52, 95% confidence interval: 1.99–3.21), independent of age, sex, race, marital status, insurance status, grade, liver involvement, lung involvement, primary surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. The median overall survival intervals were 12 months for HR+/HER2−, 19 months for HR+/HER2+, 11 months for HR−/HER2+, and 6 months for HR–/HER2– ( P < .0001). Relative to HR+/HER2– breast cancer, HR–/HER2– breast cancer was associated with a significantly higher risk of mortality among patients, and the association was stronger among patients who received chemotherapy ( p for interaction = .005).

Conclusions

Breast cancer subtype significantly predicted overall survival among patients with brain metastasis at diagnosis.
Complete Facial Paralysis Caused by Stabbing With a Car Key at the Stylomastoid Foramen
Authors: Yang Bo , Zhang Fang , Tian Ying , Yang Huijun
Published: November 2021

Non-iatrogenic traumatic facial paralysis is most common in intratemporal facial nerve injury caused by temporal bone fracture, followed by intraparotid facial nerve branch injury. Facial paralysis caused by injury to the extratemporal trunk of the facial nerve is extremely rare. We present a case of a 60-year-old man suffering from immediate complete left peripheral facial paralysis due to blunt transection of extratemporal trunk of facial nerve by stabbing with a car key. There was a facial nerve defect about 1 cm in length. The great auricular nerve was grafted to repair the facial nerve. Over 12 months, his facial nerve function improved to a House–Brackmann III/VI.
Geochronological aspects of terminal Late Fort Ancient sites in the Little Miami-Ohio Rivers confluence area and their archeological significance
Authors: Tankersley Kenneth Barnett , Herzner Louis
Published: November 2021

A geochronological approach is used to examine the temporal and spatial parameters of terminal Late Fort Ancient (∼1450 –1750 CE) habitation sites in the Little Miami-Ohio Rivers confluence area. We use a Bayesian analysis of radiocarbon dates, microtephrochronology, a biostratigraphic indicator ( Bison bison), and ethnohistorical records to examine terminal Late Fort Ancient sites in this region. Circular, stockaded villages (≤ 5 ha), consisting of single-family dwellings were replaced with large linear villages (≤ 8 ha), consisting of multifamily longhouses constructed parallel to the Little Miami and Ohio rivers. Smaller contemporary habitations and a plethora of underground maize silos suggest a seasonal pattern of population fission and fusion. At the time of Hernando de Soto's military conquests, ∼350 km to the south, terminal Late Fort Ancient villages in this region were increasing in number and size.
The Effect of Posterior Tibial Slope on the Risk of Revision Surgery After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Dæhlin Lene , Inderhaug Eivind , Strand Torbjørn , Parkar Anagha P. , Solheim Eirik
Published: November 2021

Background:

A significant proportion of patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) later experience graft failure. Some studies suggest an association between a steep posterior tibial slope (PTS) and graft failure.

Purpose:

To examine the PTS in a large cohort of patients about to undergo ACLR and to determine whether a steep PTS is associated with later revision surgery.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A retrospective review of a cohort undergoing isolated ACLR between 2002 and 2012 (with 8-19 years of follow-up) was conducted. Preoperative sagittal radiographs of knees in full extension were used for measurements of the PTS. There were 2 independent examiners who performed repeated measurements to assess the reliability of the method. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the PTS in the groups with and without later revision surgery.

Results:

A total of 728 patients, with a mean age of 28 years at the time of surgery, were included. Overall, 10% (n = 76) underwent revision surgery during the observation period. The group of injured knees had a significantly steeper PTS compared with the group of uninjured knees (9.5° vs 8.7°, respectively; P < .05). The mean PTS in the no revision group was 9.5° compared with 9.3° in the revision group (not significant). Dichotomized testing of revision rates related to PTS cutoff values of ≥10°, ≥12°, ≥14°, ≥16°, and ≥18° showed no association of PTS steepness (not significant) to graft failure. Patients with revision were younger than the ones without (mean age, 24 ± 8 vs 29 ± 10 years, respectively) and had a shorter time from injury to ACLR (mean, 14 ± 27 vs 24 ± 44 months, respectively) as well as a smaller graft size (8.2 vs 8.4 mm, respectively; P = .040).

Conclusion:

The current study did not find any association between a steep PTS measured on lateral knee radiographs and revision ACL surgery. However, a steeper PTS was seen in the group of injured knees compared with the group of uninjured (contralateral) knees. Independent of the PTS, younger patients, those with a shorter time from injury to surgery, and those with a smaller graft size were found to undergo revision surgery more often.
Reactivation of EBV and CMV in Severe COVID-19—Epiphenomena or Trigger of Hyperinflammation in Need of Treatment? A Large Case Series of Critically ill Patients
Authors: Naendrup Jan-Hendrik , Garcia Borrega Jorge , Eichenauer Dennis Alexander , Shimabukuro-Vornhagen Alexander , Kochanek Matthias , Böll Boris
Published: November 2021

Background

Reactivation of viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) are common in critically ill patients and have been described in patients with severe COVID-19. However, it is unclear whether these reactivations are associated with increased mortality and whether targeted treatments are beneficial.

Methods

In a retrospective single-center cohort study, patients with severe COVID-19 treated on our intensive care unit (ICU) were screened for EBV and CMV reactivation as detected by polymerase chain reaction. If present, patient characteristics, temporal connections to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 diagnosis and corticosteroid use, the use of targeted treatments as well as the course of disease and outcome were analyzed. As control group, non-COVID-19 patients with sepsis, treated within the same time period on our ICU, served as control group to compare incidences of viral reactivation.

Results

In 19 (16%) of 117 patients with severe COVID-19 treated on our ICU EBV reactivations were identified, comparable 18 (14%) of 126 in the non-COVID-19 control group ( P = .672). Similarly, in 11 (9%) of 117 patients CMV reactivations were identified, comparable to the 16 (13%) of 126 in the non-COVID-19 sepsis patients ( P = .296). The majority of EBV (58%) and CMV reactivations (55%) were detected in patients under systemic corticosteroid treatment. 7 (37%) of 19 patients with EBV reactivation survived the ICU stay, 2 (29%) of 7 patients with rituximab treatment and 5 (42%) of 12 patients without treatment ( P = .568). Five (50%) of 10 patients with CMV reactivation survived the ICU stay, 5 (83%) of 6 patients with ganciclovir treatment and 0 of 4 patients without treatment ( P = .048). Follow-up analysis in these patients showed that the initiation of treatment lead to decrease in viral load.

Conclusion

Critically ill patients with COVID-19 are at a high risk for EBV and CMV reactivations. Whether these reactivations are a cause of hyperinflammation and require targeted treatment remains uncertain. However, in patients with clinical deterioration or signs of hyperinflammation targeted treatment might be beneficial and warrants further studying.
The Reform Communist Interpretation of the Stalinist Period in Czech Historiography and Its Legacy
Authors: Blaive Muriel
Published: November 2021

This article is concerned with the continuities in the interpretation of the 1950s in Czechoslovakia from 1956 to the present. It first concentrates on the way the year 1956 (one that remained quiet in the country, as opposed to Poland and Hungary) has been treated in Czechoslovak historiography. It aims to show that an almost exclusive focus on political history has produced until today a misleading image of this apparent communist stability as based on repression rather than on a genuine basis of support for the communist rule. The German historiography of communism shows the usefulness of a socio-political approach that could serve as model. The article then further retraces the permanence of this misleading interpretation to the influence of a highly politicized narrative of the terror period inspired by the work of historian Karel Kaplan and other intellectuals of the Prague Spring era. For this it makes use of Kaplan’s autobiography, which has only ever appeared in French. One particular point of interest is the historiographical treatment reserved to the Stalinist leader Klement Gottwald. The article suggests that this reform communist narrative, which blames the terror on the Soviets without questioning the responsibility of Czech society, has kept the history of the 1950s in Czechoslovakia from evolving at the same pace as the historiography of the post-1968 period. It therefore needs to be acknowledged and challenged.
Women, Infants, and Children Cash Value Benefit Redemption Choices in the Electronic Benefit Transfer Era
Authors: Zhang Qi , Zhang Junzhou , Park Kayoung , Tang Chuanyi , McLaughlin Patrick W. , Stacy Brian
Published: November 2021

Purpose

This study aims to examine the relationship between cash value benefit (CVB) redemption outcomes in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) across food processing types and socio-demographics.

Design

Cross-sectional and panel analyses.

Setting

Virginia.

Subjects

98,067 Virginia WIC households.

Measures

CVB redemption rate.

Results

The predominant share of CVB redemption was for fresh produce (77.3%). Non-Hispanic whites and blacks redeemed a smaller share of fresh produce than Hispanic participants ( P < .001). Non-Hispanic black WIC households have a significantly lower CVB redemption rate than non-Hispanic white WIC households (β = −.008, P < .001). Households with a child participant tend to have a higher redemption rate (β = .01, P < .001). The redemption rates of fruits and of vegetables were positively correlated with household size.

Conclusions

Minority status and household size were significantly related to CVB redemptions among Virginia WIC participants.
The Perceptions and Experiences of Faculty Implementing Florida’s Developmental Education Reform
Authors: Nix Amanda N. , Bertrand Jones Tamara , Hu Shouping
Published: November 2021

Florida Senate Bill 1720 drastically changed developmental education, beginning in fall 2014. This paper considers affected faculty members’ perceptions and experiences with the passage and implementation of reform, according to focus group data provided by 294 participants at 21 Florida College System institutions between 2014 and 2019. We found that faculty members experienced feelings of powerlessness and meaninglessness—the two main components of policy alienation—related to the passage of SB 1720, with some reported opportunities for discretion and innovation at a local level. Despite feelings of alienation, faculty worked hard to facilitate student success through the changes.
‘Give me neither wealth nor poverty but appoint for me what is necessary and sufficient’ (Proverbs 30:8 LXX): But Necessary for What and Sufficient for What?
Authors: Jones John D.
Published: November 2021

For the Life of the World ( FLW), part IV, offers a thought-provoking discussion about the problems of poverty, wealth and civil justice. Poverty, basic needs and a living wage are central to the concerns and proposed goals for action in this part. While understandably referred to in a general sense since FLW is ‘a preliminary step for further discussion’, in the contemporary world, these issues are highly ambiguous, controversial and difficult to measure. Hence, to promote further dialogue, I explore and highlight critical issues that must be addressed. I also offer a brief discussion of the stigmatization of poverty that cruelly affects many who are poor. I argue that to develop a more expansive theological and normative discourse about poverty and wealth, we should first aim to clearly understand key terms such as poverty in a fully multidimensional, holistic manner that explicitly considers the dynamics of the stigmatization of poverty.
Nexus Between Debt Financing and Market Value Moderated by Firm Size: Panel Data Evidence from India
Authors: Desai Rajesh
Published: November 2021

This study examines the effect of debt financing on market value of firm and evaluates the moderating effect of firm size on this relationship. Tobin’s Q and market-to-book value ratio are used as proxy for market value whereas long-term as well as short-term debt ratios are considered to indicate debt financing. Using data of 164 capital goods sector companies for 10 years (from 2010 to 2019), panel least square (PLS) regression with fixed and random effects (RE) model has been applied for data analysis. Based on findings, the study reports significant negative impact of borrowings (both long-term and short-term) on market value of selected companies. Further, the outcome of study confirms that firm size moderates the relationship between debt financing and firm value. The magnitude and significance of the effect of debt are stronger for small firms as compared to medium and large firms. Present verdicts will assist managers in designing capital structure policies by considering its impact on market value according to firm-size.
Trends in Media Coverage and Information Diffusion Over Time: The Case of the American Earth Systems Research Centre Biosphere 2
Authors: Brooks Catherine Francis , Juanals Brigitte , Minel Jean-Luc
Published: November 2021

This study examined research centre Biosphere 2 (B2) coverage by US newspapers between 1984 (as stories of conception before construction emerged) and 2019 (at the time this research was conducted) in order to uncover news diffusion relative to B2 in public media across historic eras and amid shifts in stakeholders over time. The analysis focussed on how a scientific institution and its innovative activities implied values, impacted the meaning-making of its project, as well as influenced the amount of information shared across sources (i.e., regional, metropole or elite) and media scale (i.e., local, regional, national outlets). This analysis identified nine eras delimited by scientific or organisational events. The findings emerging from this study can inform understandings of media behaviour around other scientific institutions and experiments.
Urban Flood Risk Assessment and Development of Urban Flood Resilient Spatial Plan for Bhubaneswar
Authors: Sahu Alisa , Bose Tushar , Samal Dipak R.
Published: November 2021

Urban flooding is growing as a serious development challenge for cities. Urbanization demands the conversion of pervious land to impervious land by pushing the transformation of water bodies, flood plains, wetlands and green spaces into built-up spaces. This affects the hydrological setting of the city’s geographic area. Bhubaneswar, one of the first planned cities of independent India, has expanded rapidly with an increase in the settlement land use cover from 41 km2 to 81 km2 in the last two decades. Non-consideration of disaster risk assessment in the land use plan has placed the city at high disaster risk. Hence, this article explores various avenues for making a flood resilient city through spatial planning. To understand the flood and its consequences, a flood hazard and vulnerability map was prepared by overlaying the existing social and infrastructure networks, and flood risk zones were generated through analytical spatial modelling in GIS. This accounts for the areas in which flood hazards are expected to occur, as well as the area whose socio-economic and infrastructure susceptibility to the disaster is more. The key outcome is to ensure urban development that can work concurrently with nature by integrating disaster risk reduction strategies into land use planning.
Showing Legitimacy: The Strategic Employment of Visuals in the Legitimation of New Organizations
Authors: Santos Fernando Pinto
Published: November 2021

Entrepreneurs commonly engage in discursive activities to pursue the legitimacy of their new organizations. Previous studies on this pursuit have essentially been focused on verbal language and there is limited understanding of how other communication modes, such as the visual, offer specific potentials for influencing legitimation audiences. With the contemporary pervasiveness of digital documents and online environments that often employ the visual mode, this gap has become more relevant. To address it, this study is guided by the following research question: how do entrepreneurs use the visual mode of communication to legitimize their new ventures? Building on the case of a new organization, this study shows that specific features of the visual mode of communication are especially well suited to sustaining legitimation in particular ways. While previous research has mostly remained on a conceptual level, this study empirically advances the understanding of visual discursive legitimation.
Odyssey of a Socialist in the Business School World
Authors: Adler Paul S.
Published: November 2021

This is an edited version of my remarks at the 2020 Academy of Management on receiving the Organization and Management Theory Division's Distinguished Scholar award. I review the main steps of my intellectual trajectory, aiming to show how it has been enriched both by my engagement with “classic” scholars in our field–most notably Marx, Gouldner, Weber, Schumpeter, and Polanyi—and by my commitment to socialist values. I offer my case, with its strengths and weaknesses, in the hope of inspiring reflection on the role in our scholarship of such classics and our personal values, whatever they may be.
Quality of Life and the Carbon Footprint: A Zip-Code Level Study Across the United States
Authors: Clement Matthew Thomas , Smith Chad L. , Leverenz Tyler
Published: November 2021

Much sustainability scholarship has examined the environmental dimensions of subjective and objective well-being. As an alternative measure of human well-being, we consider the notion of quality of life and draw on a framework from the sustainability literature to study its association with ecological impact, specifically the carbon footprint. We conduct a quantitative analysis, combining zip-code level data on quality of life and the carbon footprint per household for the year 2012 across the continental United States ( n=29,953). Findings consistently show a significant, negative association between quality of life and the carbon footprint. Our findings point to the potential advantages of utilizing robust objective measures of quality of life that extends beyond economic well-being and life expectancy alone. Furthermore, our findings question the conventional wisdom that sustainability requires sacrifices, while suggesting opportunities for how increased levels of sustainability may be achieved while retaining high levels of quality of life.
Addressing Bias and Stigma in the Language We Use With Persons With Opioid Use Disorder: A Narrative Review
Authors: Werder Karen , Curtis Alexa , Reynolds Stephanie , Satterfield Jason
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: Despite an increase in access to medications for opioid use disorder, less than 20% of individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) receive treatment. Stigmatizing language has been identified as a potential trigger for explicit and implicit biases that may adversely affect treatment enrollment and quality of care for persons with OUD. AIMS: To conduct a narrative review of the literature on stigmatizing language and OUD, examine how treatment outcomes are affected, and present strategies to reduce bias and promote OUD treatment. METHOD: A narrative review of the literature between 2010 and 2019 was conducted using CINAHL, PubMed, and PsycINFO. Key search terms were opioid use disorder (or substance use disorder), stigma, and language. Fifty-two articles were screened for inclusion, and 17 articles were included in this review. RESULTS: The articles reviewed provide consensus that stigmatizing language toward persons with OUD fosters explicit and implicit bias and impedes engagement in treatment. Four themes emerged: (1) stigma and language, (2) stigma and language used by health care professionals, (3) stigma and language used by the general public, and (4) stigma and language used by people with OUD. CONCLUSIONS: Stigmatizing language is dehumanizing and plays a pivotal role in bias and discrimination that may contribute to unsatisfactory treatment outcomes among persons with OUD. Health care professionals, nursing in particular, must assume an intentional stance against stigma perpetuated toward persons with OUD through advocacy in education, practice, policy, and the media.
Examining 24-Hour Activity and Sleep Behaviors and Related Determinants in Latino Adolescents and Young Adults With Obesity
Authors: Soltero Erica G. , Navabi Neeku , Vander Wyst Kiley B. , Hernandez Edith , Castro Felipe G. , Ayers Stephanie L. , Mendez Jenny , Shaibi Gabriel Q.
Published: November 2021

Background. Few studies have examined 24-hour activity and sleep behaviors and their contribution to type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Latino adolescents and young adults with obesity. Aim. This study included quantitative data on T2D risk and 24-hour activity and sleep behaviors and qualitative data on individual, social, and environmental behavioral determinants. Method. A 7 day, 24-hour, wrist-worn accelerometer protocol assessed moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviors (SB), sleep, and sleep regularity, in adolescents ( N = 38; 12–16 years) and young adults ( N = 22; 18–22 years). T2D-related outcomes included adiposity (BMI, BF%, waist circumference), fasting, and 2-hour glucose. A subsample of participants ( N = 16 adolescents, N = 15 young adults) completed interviews to identify behavioral determinants. Results. High levels of PA were observed among adolescents ( M = 103.8 ± 67.5 minutes/day) and young adults ( M = 96.8 ± 78.8 minutes/day) as well as high levels of SB across both age groups (≥10 hours/day). Sleep regularity was negatively associated with adiposity (all ps < .05) in both age groups as well as fasting and 2-hour glucose in young adults (all ps < .05). Social support was associated with PA in both age groups as well as SB in younger youth. Auditory noises, lights, and safety inhibited sleep in both age groups. Conclusion. PA is critical for disease reduction, yet reducing SB and improving sleep are also important targets for reducing T2D risk in Hispanic adolescents and young adults. Future health promotion and disease prevention strategies should leverage qualitative findings regarding behavioral determinants.
Proposing a Cyclic Model of Tourist Decision Making: A Review and Integration of Behavioral and Choice-Set Models
Authors: Fang Ruizhe
Published: November 2021

Tourist decision studies focus on modeling decision-making behaviors, conceptualizing phases in decision making, and influential factors. Incorporating behavioral and choice-set model strategies, the current study proposes a generalizable cyclic model of tourist decision-making processes with a structure of repeatable behavioral stages integrated with relevant consideration sets. A “decision-making threshold” and “information loop limit” are introduced to control how and when the decision-making process starts or ends. The proposed model makes it possible to represent different decision-making styles by capturing the dynamic repetition of behavioral stages and the revision of consideration sets. The integration allows a novel approach for analyzing the formation of final decisions resulting from decision makers’ limited subjective evaluations and for studying decision rules as the combinations of “evaluation rule” and “information loop limit.” Practical implications and measures are provided for tourism practitioners to better understand and influence potential consumers. Future research questions are also suggested.
Childhood with a relative's excessive alcohol use, and own drinking in adult years
Authors: Ólafsdóttir Jóna , Marinósson Sindri Steinn
Published: November 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate if individuals who had been brought up by relatives (e.g. parents, siblings and grandparents) who consumed excessive alcohol effected these individuals’ own alcohol use in their adult years. The participants in the study were also asked about their alcohol consumption in the past 12 months, and abstainers were asked about their reasons for choosing to live their lives without consuming alcohol. Method: A quantitative approach was used. Data collected from the Icelandic RARHA SEAS were used in this study. A panel of 2500 respondents in the age range of 18–65 years was randomly sampled and was intended to be adequately representative of the Icelandic population. There was a 34.9% response rate ( n=873). Results: Of the 873 source of this study, 26.6% (n=211) categorised as Group A had lived with relatives who excessively consumed alcohol, and this had negatively affected them in their childhood. In their adult years, Group A seemed to be more frequently intoxicated than the control group, Group B (n=659). They also experienced more negative consequences from their alcohol consumption. Group A was likely to consume alcohol to deal with difficult feelings such as depression, and they were also more likely to abstain than Group B. Conclusions: The childhood experience of living with relatives who excessively use alcohol does not impact everyone in the same way in their adult years. Some of them are more likely to use excessive alcohol as adults without relating it to their childhood experience of relatives excessively using alcohol.
Topology optimization of adhesive material in a single lap joint using an evolutionary structural optimization method and a cohesive zone model as failure criterion
Authors: Fernandes Francisco Jose , Pavanello Renato
Published: November 2021

This paper presents a study of the use of a structural optimization process coupled to a failure model in the adhesive material in single lap bonded joints. The critical point of these joints is in the region of the adhesive material, which performs the function of stress transmission between the structural elements. Owing to the single lap bonded joints shape, the applied loads are eccentric about the joint axis, resulting in a concentration of stress on the overlapping ends. In this study, numerical simulations in two and three dimensions were performed through finite element analysis to model an single lap bonded joints. An optimization procedure based on the bidirectional evolutionary structural optimization method was used to minimize the single lap bonded joints compliance under volume constraints. The design domain considered was restricted to the adhesive region. The cohesive zone model and the bidirectional evolutionary structural optimization method were simultaneously applied. The numerical results for two types of adhesives, with ductile and brittle failure behavior, enabled the establishment of mechanisms for determining the efficient positioning and quantity of adhesive materials.
Silver Nanoparticles Increase Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Concentrations in Leaves and Stimulate Root Length and Number of Roots in Tomato Seedlings in a Hormetic Manner
Authors: Guzmán-Báez Gabriela Abigail , Trejo-Téllez Libia Iris , Ramírez-Olvera Sara Monzerrat , Salinas-Ruíz Josafhat , Bello-Bello Jericó J. , Alcántar-González Gabriel , Hidalgo-Contreras Juan Valente , Gómez-Merino Fernando C.
Published: November 2021

Background

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) display unique biological activities and may serve as novel biostimulators. Nonetheless, their biostimulant effects on germination, early growth, and major nutrient concentrations (N, P, and K) in tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum) have been little explored.

Methods

Tomato seeds of the Vengador and Rio Grande cultivars were germinated on filter paper inside plastic containers in the presence of 0, 5, 10, and 20 mg/L AgNPs. Germination parameters were recorded daily, while early growth traits of seedlings were determined 20 days after applying the treatments (dat). To determine nutrient concentrations in leaves, a hydroponic experiment was established, adding AgNPs to the nutrient solution. Thirty-day-old plants were established in the hydroponic system and kept there for 7 days, and subsequently, leaves were harvested and nutrient concentrations were determined.

Results

The AgNPs applied did not affect germination parameters, whereas their application stimulated length and number of roots in a hormetic manner. In 37-day-old plants, low AgNP applications increased the concentrations of N, P, and K in leaves.

Conclusion

As novel biostimulants, AgNPs promoted root development, especially when applied at 5 mg/L. Furthermore, they increased N, P, and K concentration in leaves, which is advantageous for seedling performance during the early developmental stages.
Effect of the fourth generation multi-theory model intervention on the quality of life in Iranian postmenopausal women: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yoshany Nooshin , Morowatisharifabad Mohammad Ali , Bahri Narjes , Jambarsang Sara , Sharma Manoj , Hanna Fahad
Published: November 2021

Objectives

Menopause is a natural part of women’s lives and is associated with a series of complications that can impair their quality of life. This study was conducted to determine the effect of specific educational interventions on the quality of life among postmenopausal women.

Methods

This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 80 menopausal women who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were selected through the multi-stage stratified random sampling method. The participants were randomly allocated to either the control or intervention group (40 per group). The intervention comprised 5 × 45-min educational sessions based on the Multi-Theory Model on the predetermined days of the week. The scores of the quality of life level were collected at baseline, immediately, and 3 months after the intervention using the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life questionnaire (MENQOL). The control group received a health advice.

Results

Analysis of variance of repeated measures showed a significant interaction between time and intervention. The comparison between the mean score of quality of life of the “before,” “immediately after intervention,” and “3 months after the intervention” showed a significant difference between the two groups. The intervention group quality of life improved significantly as the intervention went on compared to the control group.

Conclusion

Structured simple educational programs based on the Multi-Theory Model could be used as a simple and noninvasive intervention that help menopausal women improve their quality of life through menopausal symptoms relief. Further interventions with larger trials may be required to confirm these findings.