bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forced Precipitation Experiments for Study of the Electromagnetic Treatment of Water
Authors: Saquete‐Ferrándiz María Dolores , Boluda‐Botella Nuria , Martínez‐Moya Sergio , García‐Quiles Jaime
Published: January 2023

The objective of this research is to determine the effect of the electromagnetic equipment TK3K to prevent incrustations in pipes. A method of forced precipitation of calcium carbonate, mixing solutions of Ca(NO3)2 and Na2CO3 with tap water, indicates differences in the temporal evolution of turbidity, absorbance, and in the final size of the particles formed, which makes it possible to distinguish between treated and untreated water. The latter presents higher values of parameters analyzed than the treated one. A longer treatment time does not produce different results, while an increase in temperature causes a greater decrease. Since there is no immediate technique on the market to verify the effect of electromagnetic treatment, this method, with temperature control, is simple and fast.
Experimental Study on the Scalability of Planetary Roller Extruders
Authors: Radwan Mario , Frerich Sulamith Christiane
Published: January 2023

This contribution aims at developing scaling algorithms for planetary roller extruders (PREs). Laboratory‐ and production‐scale experiments were carried out, using thermoplastic polymers according to a statistical design of experiments (DOE). By comparing plant size, spindle configuration, operating parameters, and material properties, their influence on pressure build‐up capacity, process temperatures, and residence time distribution is analyzed. All data generated are used to train MATLAB‐based machine learning models. First indications hint at Gaussian processes and artificial neural networks, predicting operating parameters with high accuracy.
Across the Dimensions: A Three‐Component Self‐Assembly of Pentaphosphaferrocene‐based Coordination Polymers
Authors: Grill Kevin , Dinauer Sabrina B. , Peresypkina Eugenia , Virovets Alexander V. , Scheer Manfred
Published: January 2023

Pentaphosphaferrocenes [CpRFe(η5‐P5)] (Cp*=η5‐C5Me5) (A), Cp’’=η5‐C5H3tBu2‐1,3 (B)) are excellent building blocks for polymeric assemblies in supramolecular chemistry in combination with coinage metal salts of weakly coordinating anions such as AgSbF6. Adding rigid aromatic dinitriles ortho/meta/para‐(NC)2C6H4 in a one‐pot reaction between [CpRFe(η5‐P5)] and AgSbF6 leads to various coordination polymers (CPs) by a three‐component self‐assembly. The sterical demand of the differently substituted cyclopentadiene ligands as well as the rigid constitution of the isomeric dinitriles (NC)2C6H4 play a key role in the formation of the isolated CPs. All CPs were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction.
Enabling Long‐Lived Polymeric Room Temperature Phosphorescence Material in Abominable Solvent
Authors: Zhou Qian , Li Chen , Wang Yongkang , Chen Qingao , Huang Jiayue , Zhu Yin , Li Qiankun , Yang Chaolong
Published: January 2023

Long‐lived polymeric room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have drawn more attention due to their convenient preparation process and equally efficient phosphorescence performance in recent years. As the polymer matrix is sensitive to air and humidity, some non‐covalent interactions in the matrix are easily decomposed in water or air, which means that it is difficult for this material to be stored stably for a long time in the atmospheric environment or under harsh conditions. In this work, polymer powder mBPipQ contains aromatic and piperidine rings that are designed and synthesized successfully. Then the polymer is uniformly dispersed into epoxy resin matrix to form long‐lived polymeric RTP material with efficient afterglow properties. The stiff backbone structure of mBPip and dense molecular arrangement of epoxy resin provide a rigid environment to stabilize triplet excitons, the RTP performance is greatly enhanced. The lifetime of mBPipQ in epoxy resin is 2 times higher than that of small molecule chromophore in that one. Interestingly, after soaking in strong acid or alkali solution for 10 days, the material can still emit stable and efficient long‐lived phosphorescence. It is thanks to the hard matrix after full curing, which can provide a protective layer to prevent external quenchers from interfering with phosphorescence emission. Utilizing the efficient phosphorescence emission and excellent abominable‐solvent resistance of this RTP material, multilevel information encryption has been successfully demonstrated. This work broadens the application scope of polymeric RTP materials in harsh environments and provides a new idea for achieving efficient RTP emission.
Distributed job allocation using response threshold for heterogeneous robot team under deadline constraints
Authors: Joseph Dani Reagan Vivek , Ramapackiyam Shantha Selvakumari
Published: January 2023

Job allocation among the robots is a significant challenge in a multi‐robot environment. This article proposes a distributed algorithm for job allocation with deadline constraints. It works utilizing the response threshold model inspired by job distribution among insect societies in nature. The team divides the jobs among themselves based on their threshold capacity. The proposed approach focus on maximizing the total jobs completed with the available resources. The static case where the robots never fail is considered first for evaluating the algorithm. Then it is run in a dynamic environment with robot failure to study the effects on job allocation. Two experimental studies are conducted with varying amounts of resources. In static and dynamic cases under experimental study I, the jobs completion percentage increased by an average of 37.6% and 35.8%, respectively, over the existing method. Under experimental study II, the proposed algorithm completed all the jobs with improved resource utilization. The results show that the proposed algorithm achieves better jobs completion. The algorithm is then tested in a real‐world experimental environment using FireBird V mobile robots under static and dynamic cases. The outcomes indicate that the proposed approach is efficient in job allocation in practical circumstances.
A Computational Study on Closed‐Shell Molecular HexafluoridesMF6(M=S, Se, Te, Po, Xe, Rn, Cr, Mo, W, U) – Molecular Structure, Anharmonic Frequency Calculations, and Prediction of the NdF6Molecule
Authors: Graubner Tim , Karttunen Antti J. , Kraus Florian
Published: January 2023

Quantum chemical methods were used to study the molecular structure and anharmonic IR spectra of the experimentally known closed‐shell molecular hexafluoridesMF6(M=S, Se, Te, Xe, Mo, W, U). First, the molecular structures and harmonic frequencies were investigated using Density Functional Theory (DFT) with all‐electron basis sets and explicitly considering the influence of spin‐orbit coupling. Second, anharmonic frequencies and IR intensities were calculated with the CCSD(T) coupled cluster method and compared, where available, with IR spectra recorded by us. These comparisons showed satisfactory results. The anharmonic IR spectra provide means for identifying experimentally too little studied or unknownMF6molecules withM=Cr, Po, Rn. To the best of our knowledge, we predict the NdF6molecule for the first time and show it to be a true local minimum on the potential energy surface. We used intrinsic bond orbital (IBO) analyses to characterize the bonding situation in comparison with the UF6molecule.
Stemness‐related genes revealed by single‐cell profiling of naïve and stimulated human CD34+ cells from CB and mPB
Authors: Dong Guoyi , Xu Xiaojing , Li Yue , Ouyang Wenjie , Zhao Weihua , Gu Ying , Li Jie , Liu Tianbin , Zeng Xinru , Zou Huilin , Wang Shuguang , Chen Yue , Liu Sixi , Sun Hai‐Xi , Liu Chao
Published: January 2023

Background

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from different sources show varied repopulating capacity, and HSCs lose their stemness after long‐time ex vivo culture. A deep understanding of these phenomena may provide helpful insights for HSCs.

Methods

Here, we applied single‐cell RNA‐seq (scRNA‐seq) to analyse the naïve and stimulated human CD34+ cells from cord blood (CB) and mobilised peripheral blood (mPB).

Results

We collected over 16 000 high‐quality single‐cell data to construct a comprehensive inference map and characterised the HSCs under a quiescent state on the hierarchy top. Then, we compared HSCs in CB with those in mPB and HSCs of naïve samples to those of cultured samples, and identified stemness‐related genes (SRGs) associated with cell source (CS‐SRGs) and culture time (CT‐SRGs), respectively. Interestingly, CS‐SRGs and CT‐SRGs share genes enriched in the signalling pathways such as mRNA catabolic process, translational initiation, ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis and cotranslational protein targeting to membrane, suggesting dynamic protein translation and processing may be a common requirement for stemness maintenance. Meanwhile, CT‐SRGs are enriched in pathways involved in glucocorticoid and corticosteroid response that affect HSCs homing and engraftment. In contrast, CS‐SRGs specifically contain genes related to purine and ATP metabolic process, which is crucial for HSC homeostasis in the stress settings. Particularly, when CT‐SRGs are used as reference genes for the construction of the development trajectory of CD34+ cells, lymphoid and myeloid lineages are clearly separated after HSCs/MPPs. Finally, we presented an application through a small‐scale drug screening using Connectivity Map (CMap) against CT‐SRGs. A small molecule, cucurbitacin I, was found to efficiently expand HSCs ex vivo while maintaining its stemness.

Conclusions

Our findings provide new perspectives for understanding HSCs, and the strategy to identify candidate molecules through SRGs may be applicable to study other stem cells.
Recent study progress of underwater sound absorption coating
Authors: Zhang Zhicheng , Zhao Yanbiao , Gao Nansha
Published: January 2023

Based on the recent development of underwater sound absorption coatings, this paper analyzes the evolution of underwater sound absorption coatings from two aspects: traditional structures and metamaterials. The traditional structures are divided into three types: cavity structures, composite structures, and impedance‐matching structures. First, the development history of traditional structures, from cavities to hybrid structures, is presented, and the optimization and recent improvements in sound absorption fundamentals are explained. For different types of structures, the sound absorption effects of their respective structures are presented. At the same time, recent development progress of underwater coating metamaterials is summarized, and the sound absorption fundamentals and effects of local and nonlocal resonance types are compared. In addition, typical underwater sound absorption metamaterials are described in detail, and the application prospect of the acoustic bubble structure in practice is summarized. Moreover, this paper compares and discusses various structural types of underwater sound absorption coatings and points out the shortcomings of recent related research. Finally, it points out current open issues in the field and suggests future development directions of underwater sound absorption coatings, defining the possible development focus of underwater sound absorption coatings.
Forecasting inflation: The use of dynamic factor analysis and nonlinear combinations
Authors: Hall Stephen G. , Tavlas George S. , Wang Yongli
Published: January 2023

This paper considers the problem of forecasting inflation in the United States, the euro area, and the United Kingdom in the presence of possible structural breaks and changing parameters. We examine a range of moving window techniques that have been proposed in the literature. We extend previous works by considering factor models using principal components and dynamic factors. We then consider the use of forecast combinations with time‐varying weights. Our basic finding is that moving windows do not produce a clear benefit to forecasting. Time‐varying combination of forecasts does produce a substantial improvement in forecasting accuracy.
Phytochemical profiling, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities of hydroethanolic extracts of prickly pear (Opuntia ficus indica) fruit and pulp
Authors: Iftikhar Khansa , Siddique Farzana , Ameer Kashif , Arshad Muhammad , Kharal Sadia , Mohamed Ahmed Isam A. , Yasmin Zarina , Aziz Nida
Published: January 2023

Phenolic compounds in prickly pear [Opuntia ficus indica (L.) Mill.] are known to contribute to the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the prickly pear. The present study aimed to evaluate the antioxidants and in vitro antimicrobial potential in the hydroethanolic extracts of different parts (fruit, cladode, and pulp) of prickly pear. Different polyphenolic compounds were analyzed by using high‐performance liquid chromatography. The results indicated that cladode possessed a higher quantity of phenolics compared with that observed in fruit and pulp. The most important phenolic compound in high quantity was gallic acid (66.19 μg/g) in cladode. The 100% aqueous extract of cladode exhibited the highest antioxidant (92%) and antimicrobial activities against Salmonella typhi (3.40 mg/ml), Helicobacter pylori (1.37 mg/ml), Escherichia coli (1.41 mg/ml), and Staphylococcus aureus (1.41 mg/ml). Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that antioxidant activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) responses had a significant negative correlation with each other. Overall, the current results provided basic data for choosing prickly pear cladode with high antioxidant capacity for the development and consumption of antioxidant‐based alternative medicines and value addition of formulated foods.
The etiological effect and genetic risk of +252 A/G variant of TNF‐β gene related to the susceptibility of urinary tract infection in a sample of Iraqi patients with type 2 diabetes: A case control study
Authors: Abdulfattah Shaimaa Y. , Samawi Farah T.
Published: January 2023

Background and aim

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common infection in type 2 diabetes patients. TNF‐β is a cytokine with multiple functions in immunomodulatory and inflammatory mechanisms. The variation at position +252 A/G of TNF‐β impacts both gene expression and plasma concentration of TNF‐β proteins. The findings may shed light on the genetic factors that predispose diabetic patients in Iraq to UTIs.

Methods

A total of 200 individuals were divided into 100 patients with type 2 diabetes, categorized according to UTI, and 100 control subjects. Genetic analysis of +252 A/G of the TNF‐β gene was carried out using the TaqMan probe allele discrimination method. The level of TNF‐β was estimated by the ELISA technique.

Results

In the recessive model (GG vs. AA/AG) of TNF‐β + 252 A/G in T2D/UTI patients compared to controls, a significant association p = 0.029 (OR: 2.8; CI 95% = 1.14–7.09): E = 15.6% was observed. Furthermore, in T2D patients without UTI, the dominant model AA versus AG/GG was associated with a preventive role P: 31.3% (OR: 0.4; CI 95% = 0.22–0.88) and a p value = (0.02). Overall, AG proportions showed a high level of TNF‐β within the control group p = 0.03, while all proportions of the +252 A/G showed significant differences in TNF‐β level between groups p ≤ 0.05. Pearson's correlation analysis observed a link between TNF‐ levels, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and HbA1c.

Conclusion

In T2D patients, the G allele may be linked to a higher probability of UTI, as well as an increased level of TNF‐β in a genotype‐dependent manner.
Postgraduate year 1 pharmacy residency equivalency—2023
Authors: Bookstaver P. Brandon , Bodan Samantha , Chamberlin Kevin W. , Hake Kelsey L. , Hong Lisa , Kabbani Racha , McCormick Alex , Morris Jennifer , Schumacher Christine , Thompkins April , Tschumper Emily , Weaver Ashley , White Sarah E. , Hemstreet Brian A.
Published: January 2023

The American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) supports the completion of residency training as a prerequisite for direct patient care responsibilities. The current supply of pharmacy residency opportunities, however, does not match the demand, causing many graduates to enter the workforce directly after completing their pharmacy school training. Many pharmacists may then desire to transition into a clinical position leveraging the versatility of the Pharm.D. degree and the expanding opportunities in the profession. Without residency training, however, these candidates may be disadvantaged or find it difficult to justify their experience matches that of their residency‐trained colleagues for a clinical pharmacist position. The college recognizes the usefulness of and potential need for a pharmacy residency equivalency to assist both pharmacists seeking further advancement and employers recruiting clinical pharmacists to provide direct patient care. The pharmacy residency equivalency should be standardized and demonstrate achievements in clinical pharmacist competency areas. This white paper from the ACCP Publications Committee provides updated considerations for components of a standardized pharmacy residency equivalency.
Informal socialization in virtual work environments: Creating a digital culture of connectivity
Authors: Cimperman Stephanie
Published: January 2023

Virtual work environments are increasing and are part of the future of many organizations. While there are extensive advantages to virtual organizations, barriers to effective communication and collaboration build organizational reluctance to commit to this type of environment. The problem is little knowledge exists around how employees socialize informally in these organizations, including how they learn company culture, engage, and share knowledge using digital communication technology. This study presents an exploration of the experiences of participants working virtually in the insurance industry. The aim was to understand what it takes to increase informal socialization in virtual work settings. Data collection included interviews and diary entries from insurance employees. Five themes emerged: Employee's emotions vary based on their levels of connectivity, Staying connected enables employees to maintain bonds and unity, Multi‐communicating is an effective technique to get work done, Digital communication technology makes connecting easy, and Creating an office‐like atmosphere is possible by establishing a culture of connectivity. Creating a digital culture conducive to informal socialization between employees promotes positivity, bonds and unity, ease of connectivity and productivity, promotes culture, and can produce an office‐like atmosphere. Recommendations produced from these themes may be used to guide leaders in the engagement of virtual workers and in tackling the challenges of managing effective virtual environments.
Stable CO2/water foam stabilized by dilute surface‐modified nanoparticles and cationic surfactant at high temperature and salinity
Authors: Hatchell Daniel , Chen Xiongyu , Daigle Hugh , Hartmann Matthew , Ordonez‐Varela John‐Richard , Blondeau Christophe , Johnston Keith
Published: January 2023

CO2 enhanced oil recovery and storage could see widespread deployment as decarbonization efforts accelerate to meet climate goals. CO2 is more efficiently distributed underground as a viscous foam than as pure CO2; however, most reported CO2 foams are unstable at harsh reservoir conditions (22 wt% brine, 2200 psi, and 80°C). We hypothesize that silica nanoparticles (NP) grafted with (3‐trimethoxysilylpropyl)diethylenetriamine ligands (N3), to improve colloidal stability, and dimethoxydimethylsilane ligands (DM), to improve CO2‐phillicity, combined with the cationic surfactant N1‐alkyl‐N3, N3‐dimethylpropane‐1,3‐diamine (RCADA), will develop viscous, stable CO2 foams at reservoir conditions. We grafted NP with N3 and DM ligands. We verified NP stability at reservoir conditions with measurements of zeta potential, amine titration curves, and NP diameter. We measured NP water contact angles (θw) at the water–air and water–liquid CO2 interfaces. In a high‐temperature, high‐pressure flow apparatus, we calculated the viscosity of CO2 foams across a beadpack and determined static foam stability with microscope observations. Modified NP were colloidally stable at reservoir conditions for 4 weeks, and had higher θw in liquid CO2 than in air. Addition of at least 0.5 μmol/m2 DM silane (0.5DM) greatly improved foam stability. RCADA‐only foam coarsening rates (dDSM3/dt) decreased 16–17× after adding 1 wt/vol% 8N3 + 1.5DM NP, and 5–10× with a 0.1–1 vol/vol% increase in RCADA concentration (with or without NP). 1 vol/vol% RCADA foam exhibited coarsening rates of 900 and 2400 μm3/min with 1 and 0.2 wt/vol% 8N3 + 1.5DM NP, respectively. These results demonstrate impressive foam stabilities at harsh reservoir conditions.
Superior Laryngeal Nerve Block Response Rates in 54 Neurogenic Cough Patients
Authors: Talbot Nicholas , Heller Margaret , Nyirjesy Sarah , Kim Brandon , DeSilva Brad , Matrka Laura
Published: January 2023

Objective

Neurogenic cough related to hypersensitivity of the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) is often treated with neuromodulating medications, which can cause considerable side effects. An alternative therapy is steroid and local anesthetic injection of the SLN (“SLN block”), initially proposed to benefit those with lateralizing symptoms (tenderness over the thyrohyoid membrane or unilateral cough source). Our objectives are to determine if SLN block produces subjective symptomatic improvements and if repeat injections further improve symptoms, and evaluate clinical factors potentially predictive of response.

Methods

Retrospective chart review of 54 patients receiving SLN blocks at a tertiary medical academic center from January 2010 to June 2020. Medical history and anticipated predictors of positive response, including stigmata of laryngeal hypersensitivity, were recorded. Outcomes included symptomatic response, number of injections required, and side effects. Response was defined subjectively by asking patients whether the injection was beneficial and objectively by using CSI scores.

Results

Fifty‐four patients met the inclusion criteria. Thirty‐eight patients (70.4%) endorsed improvement. No variables were identified as positive predictors of response. Thirty‐two of the 38 (84.2%) endorsed improvement after one injection. Six of 15 (40%) patients who failed the first injection had positive response to the second. No significant side effects were reported.

Conclusion

No localizing symptoms, specific cough features, or aspects of the medical history helped predict response, suggesting that a broader range of patients may be offered the intervention. The majority of patients reported symptomatic improvement and repeat injections may benefit patients with initial nonresponse.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 133:2647–2653, 2023
Management of donor‐site complications after breast reconstruction with the transverse musculocutaneous gracilis flap: Proposal of a treatment algorithm
Authors: Mahrhofer Maximilian , Russe Elisabeth , Schoeller Thomas , Wechselberger Gottfried , Weitgasser Laurenz
Published: January 2023

Background

The transverse myocutaneous gracilis (TMG) flap is a popular choice for autologous breast reconstruction due to its consistent anatomy and reliability, especially for slim patients. While the incidence of donor‐site morbidity is comparable with other free flaps, there is no literature about the management of donor‐site complications available. Our study aims to provide an overview of encountered complications, associated risk factors and their management using a standardized algorithmic approach.

Methods

A retrospective review of all patients receiving breast reconstruction with a TMG flap at our institution between September 2010 and May 2021 was performed. Demographic data (age, BMI), comorbidities (diabetes, smoking), complication rates (major, minor) and treatment were evaluated. Medical records were screened for reasons and timing of performed reconstructions. Adapted from the Clavien‐Dindo classification system, severity of complication was categorized as either class I–II minor or class IIIa–IIIb major. Data on follow‐up procedures was collected. A treatment algorithm for the management of commonly occurring donor‐site complications was created, based on our long‐running institutional experience.

Results

Two‐hundred and twenty‐five patients (288 flaps) were included in our retrospective analysis. There were 43 (14.9%) minor and 4 (2.7%) major donor‐site complications overall. Minor complications included superficial wound breakdown (26/9%), infection (10 cases, 3.5%) and hematoseroma (7 cases, 2.4%). Hematoseroma (2 cases, 0.7%) and severe wound breakdown (2 cases, 0.7%) needing revision surgery were the most common major complications. Patients with lower BMI (mean 22.9 kg/m2 vs. 24.0 kg/m2; p = .047) and active tobacco use (14.1% vs. 6.3%; p = .046; Relative risk = 1.71 95% CI 1.02–2.88) had a higher occurrence of donor‐site complications. Age and operating time were not associated with higher complication rates. Four patients (1.4%) received donor‐site refinement surgery.

Conclusion

The TMG flap provides a reliable and safe alternative for breast reconstruction and most donor‐site complications can be managed conservatively. Our proposed treatment algorithm aids with decision making in the management of donor‐site complications.
Multi‐echo MR thermometry in the upper leg at 7 T using near‐harmonic 2D reconstruction for initialization
Authors: Kikken Mathijs W. I. , Steensma Bart R. , van den Berg Cornelis A. T. , Raaijmakers Alexander J. E.
Published: January 2023

Purpose

The aim of this work is the development of a thermometry method to measure temperature increases in vivo, with a precision and accuracy sufficient for validation against thermal simulations. Such an MR thermometry model would be a valuable tool to get an indication on one of the major safety concerns in MR imaging: the tissue heating occurring due to radiofrequency (RF) exposure. To prevent excessive temperature rise, RF power deposition, expressed as specific absorption rate, cannot exceed predefined thresholds. Using these thresholds, MRI has demonstrated an extensive history of safe usage. Nevertheless, MR thermometry would be a valuable tool to address some of the unmet needs in the area of RF safety assessment, such as validation of specific absorption rate and thermal simulations, investigation of local peak temperatures during scanning, or temperature‐based safety guidelines.

Methods

The harmonic initialized model‐based multi‐echo approach is proposed. The method combines a previously published model‐based multi‐echo water/fat separated approach with an also previously published near‐harmonic 2D reconstruction method. The method is tested on the human thigh with a multi‐transmit array at 7 T, in three volunteers, and for several RF shims.

Results

Precision and accuracy are improved considerably compared to a previous fat‐referenced method (precision: 0.09 vs. 0.19°C). Comparison of measured temperature rise distributions to subject‐specific simulated counterparts show good relative agreement for multiple RF shim settings.

Conclusion

The high precision shows promising potential for validation purposes and other RF safety applications.
The experiences of uncertainty amongst musculoskeletal physiotherapists in first contact practitioner roles within primary care
Authors: Ingram Simon , Stenner Rob , May Sue
Published: January 2023

Aim

The aim of this research was to explore the experiences of uncertainty amongst Musculoskeletal First Contact Practitioners working in primary care.

Background

The Musculoskeletal First Contact Practitioner role involves advanced physiotherapists providing an alternative to the GP by acting as first point of contact for people presenting to primary care with musculoskeletal conditions. Limited research into the role exists but the first‐contact aspect, clinical complexity and time pressures are deemed to contribute to uncertainty within the role.

Method

A qualitative research design was undertaken using a hermeneutic interpretative phenomenological approach. Data was collected using semi‐structured interviews with subsequent thematic analysis of the data.

Findings

Eight participants working as Musculoskeletal First Contact Practitioners across England were recruited using purposive sampling. Five themes were identified: (1) Role clarity within primary care, (2) Burden of responsibility, (3) Preparedness for the primary care environment, (4) ‘I'm not really sure how long I am going to stay in this role’, (5) Mitigating uncertainty.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the multifaceted phenomenon of uncertainty amongst Musculoskeletal First Contact Practitioners. Uncertainty appeared to be influenced by the primary care environment, preparedness for the role and perceived burden of responsibility. Diagnostic uncertainty was prevalent with concerns of missing serious pathology evident. The impact of uncertainty on wellbeing was linked to possible burnout and retention issues. Consultation approaches, access to support networks and a cultural shift in tolerating uncertainty were reported to mitigate uncertainty. Further research into possible differences in experiences related to employment models appears warranted.
Kaposiform lymphangiomatosis: Diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment
Authors: McDaniel C. Griffin , Adams Denise M. , Steele Kimberley E. , Hammill Adrienne M. , Merrow A. Carl , Crane Janet L. , Smith Christopher L. , Kozakewich Harry P. W. , Le Cras Timothy D.
Published: January 2023

Kaposiform lymphangiomatosis (KLA) is a life‐threatening rare disease that can cause substantial morbidity, mortality, and social burdens for patients and their families. Diagnosis often occurs long after initial symptoms, and there are few centers in the world with the expertise to diagnose and care for patients with the disease. KLA is a lymphatic anomaly and significant advancements have been made in understanding its pathogenesis and etiology since its first description in 2014. This review provides multidisciplinary, comprehensive, and state‐of‐the‐art information on KLA patient presentation, diagnostic imaging, pathology, organ involvement, genetics, and pathogenesis. Finally, we describe current therapeutic approaches, important areas for research, and challenges faced by patients and their families. Further insights into the pathogenesis of KLA may advance our understanding of other vascular anomalies given that similar signaling pathways may be involved.
Prenatal diagnosis of vascular anomalies
Authors: Agarwal Shreya , Mehollin‐Ray Amy , Sutton Vernon R. , Iacobas Ionela
Published: January 2023

Vascular anomalies are rare disorders that encompass a group of lesions characterized by abnormal development of the lymphovascular system. Majority of these anomalies are present at birth and could potentially be detected during the prenatal period on imaging. This allows for early intervention and prompt management to improve outcomes. However, they can be difficult to diagnose, given the rarity and overlapping findings. In this review article, we provide a comprehensive overview of congenital vascular anomalies with a liberal use of images of recent cases at our center emphasizing prenatal imaging findings and the natural history of these conditions.
Quantitative transcriptomic and proteomic analyses reveal the potential maintenance mechanism of female adult reproductive diapause in Chrysoperla nipponensis
Authors: Chen Zhen‐Zhen , Wang Xiao , Kong Xue , Zhao Yue‐Ming , Xu Ming‐Hui , Gao Yu‐Qing , Huang Hai‐Yi , Liu Fang‐Hua , Wang Su , Xu Yong‐Yu , Kang Zhi‐Wei
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND

The green lacewing Chrysoperla nipponensis is an important natural enemy of many insect pests and exhibits reproductive diapause to overwinter. Our previous studies showed that adult C. nipponensis enters reproductive diapause under a short‐day photoperiod. However, the molecular mechanism underlying diapause maintenance in C. nipponensis is still unknown.

RESULTS

The total lipid and triglyceride content showed the reservation and degradation of energy during diapause in C. nipponensis. Thus, we performed combined transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of female reproductive diapause in C. nipponensis at three ecophysiological phases (initiation, maintenance and termination). A total of 64 388 unigenes and 5532 proteins were identified from the transcriptome and proteome. In‐depth dissection of the gene‐expression dynamics revealed that differentially expressed genes and proteins were predominately involved in the lipid and carbohydrate metabolic pathways, in particular fatty acid metabolism, metabolic pathways and the citrate cycle. Among of these genes, TIM, CLK, JHAMT2, PMK, HMGS, HMGR, FKBP39, Kr‐h1, Phm, ECR, IR1, ILP3, ILP4, mTOR, ACC, LSD1 and LSD2 were differentially expressed in diapause and non‐diapause female adults of C. nipponensis. The expression patterns of these genes were consistent with the occurrence of vitellogenesis and expression of either Vg or VgR.

CONCLUSION

Our findings indicated that diapause adult C. nipponensis accumulate energy resources to overwinter. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses suggested candidate key genes involved in the maintenance of C. nipponensis during adult reproductive diapause. Taken together, these results provide in‐depth knowledge to understand the maintenance mechanism of C. nipponensis during adult reproductive diapause. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
The changing characteristics of rainfall over the Brahmaputra Basin during 1998–2018
Authors: Gogoi Partha Pratim , Vinoj V. , Landu Kiranmayi , Phukon Parag
Published: January 2023

The changes to the hydrological cycle as a consequence of climate change significantly affect the water security of countries worldwide. The Brahmaputra Basin (BB), a biodiversity hotspot, is among the world's wettest regions and is vulnerable to climate change. Using ground and satellite‐based datasets from multiple sources and a percentile‐based analysis from 1998 to 2018, it is found that an asymmetric trend exists in extreme rainfall over the hills and the adjacent plains of the basin. The hills experience a decline in rainfall, whereas, over the plains, an increase is observed on similar rainfall days. During 1998–2018, mean accumulated rainfall over the whole basin declined by as much as ∼60% during the October to December (OND) period. Similarly, a decline of ∼20% is observed for June to September (JJAS). The most significant reduction in mean rainfall was mainly over the wettest regions of the basin, such as Cherrapunji/Mawsynram and is concentrated in the highest percentile (extreme events) of rainfall distribution. Such an overall decline in total rainfall coupled with altitudinal asymmetry in percentile distributions of rainfall may contribute towards flood hazards with changing lead time for warning, posing severe socio‐economic challenges.
Task bottlenecks and resource bottlenecks: A holistic examination of task systems through an organization design lens
Authors: Karim Samina , Lee Chi‐Hyon , Hoehn‐Weiss Manuela N.
Published: January 2023

Research Summary

Using an organization design lens, we explore how key characteristics of both task systems and their associated resources may benefit firms. We unpack task system interdependencies by studying the interaction of decentralization and complexity, examining resource fungibility and resource slack, and exploring their joint alignment. Our context is the scheduled U.S. passenger airline industry over two decades. Results show that firm performance improves when (a) task system decentralization and complexity are aligned, either more or less of both; (b) having both resource fungibility and resource slack, not simply more of one or the other; and (c) aligning less decentralized and less complex task systems with fungible and available resources. Our findings underscore the importance of holistically managing tasks and resources to minimize bottlenecks within organizations.

Managerial Summary

Eliminating bottlenecks can help firms improve performance. Our study focuses on two types of bottlenecks—task system bottlenecks stemming from the design of activities and resource bottlenecks, created when necessary resources are already in use or available resources are not applicable. Our results show that firms benefit when task system properties of decentralization and complexity are aligned and when firms' resources are both fungible and available; these characteristics also reinforce each other. Thus, managers should be aware of both task system properties and resource characteristics to avoid bottlenecks, so that the tasks to which the resources are applied can be completed. In addition, managers should ensure to have available and fungible resources at their disposal, especially when organizations have a centralized and less complex design.
The Synergy of Hydrogen Bond and Entanglement of Elastomer Captures Unprecedented Flaw Insensitivity Rate
Authors: Zeng Xiangliang , Xu Lu , Xia Xinnian , Bai Xue , Zhong Cheng , Fan Jianfeng , Ren Linlin , Sun Rong , Zeng Xiaoliang
Published: January 2023

Elastomers are regarded as one of the best candidates for the matrix material of soft electronics, yet they are susceptible to fracture due to the inevitable flaws generated during applications. Introducing microstructures, sacrificial bonds, and sliding cross‐linking has been recognized as an effective way to improve the flaw insensitivity rate (Rinsen). However, these elastomers still prone to failure under tensile loads with the presence of even small flaws. Here, this work reports a polybutadiene elastomer with unprecedented Rinsen via the synergy of hydrogen bond and entanglement. The resulting polybutadiene elastomer exhibits a Rinsen ≈1.075, which is much higher than those of reported elastomers. By molecular chain interaction and molecular chain conformation analysis, this work demonstrates that the synergistic effect of hydrogen bond dissociation and entanglement slip in the polybutadiene elastomers during stretching leads to the high Rinsen. Using polybutadiene elastomer as matrix of thermal interface materials, this work demonstrates effective heat transfer for strain sensor and electronic devices. In addition, cytocompatibility of the elastomers is verified by cell proliferation and live/dead viability assays. The combination of outstanding biocompatible and excellent mechanical properties of the elastomers creates new opportunities for their applications in electronic skin.
Bi‐MOF Modulating MnO2 Deposition Enables Ultra‐Stable Cathode‐Free Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Gou Lei , Li Junru , Liang Kai , Zhao Shaopan , Li Donglin , Fan Xiaoyong
Published: January 2023

The Mn‐based materials are considered as the most promising cathodes for zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) due to their inherent advantages of safety, sustainability and high energy density, however suffer from poor cyclability caused by gradual Mn2+ dissolution and irreversible structural transformation. The mainstream solution is pre‐adding Mn2+ into the electrolyte, nevertheless faces the challenge of irreversible Mn2+ consumption results from the MnO2 electrodeposition reaction (Mn2+ → MnO2). This work proposes a “MOFs as the electrodeposition surface” strategy, rather than blocking it. The bismuth (III) pyridine‐3,5‐dicarboxylate (Bi‐PYDC) is selected as the typical electrodeposition surface to regulate the deposition reaction from Mn2+ to MnO2. Because of the unique less hydrophilic and manganophilic nature of Bi‐PYDC for Mn2+, a moderate MnO2 deposition rate is achieved, preventing the electrolyte from rapidly exhausting Mn2+. Simultaneously, the intrinsic stability of deposited R‐MnO2 is enhanced by the slowly released Bi3+ from Bi‐PYDC reservoir. Furthermore, Bi‐PYDC shows the ability to accommodate H+ insertion/extraction. Benefiting from these merits, the cathode‐free ZIB using Bi‐PYDC as the electrodeposition surface for MnO2 shows an outstanding cycle lifespan of more than 10 000 cycles at 1 mA cm‐2. This electrode design may stimulate a new pathway for developing cathode free long‐life rechargeable ZIBs.
Bioenergetics model for the nonnative Redside Shiner
Authors: Johnson Rachelle C. , Beauchamp David A. , Olden Julian D.
Published: January 2023

Objective

Redside Shiner Richardsonius balteatus has expanded from its native range in the Pacific Northwest region of North America to establish populations in six other western states. This expansion has fueled concerns regarding competition between Redside Shiner and native species, including salmonids. We developed a bioenergetic model for Redside Shiner, providing a powerful tool to quantify its trophic role in invaded ecosystems and evaluate potential impacts on native species.

Methods

Mass- and temperature-dependent functions for consumption and respiration were fit based on controlled laboratory experiments of maximum consumption rates and routine metabolic rates using intermittent-flow respirometry, across a range of fish sizes (0.6–27.3 g) and temperatures (5–31°C). Laboratory growth experiments were conducted to corroborate model performance across different temperatures and feeding rates.

Result

Initial bioenergetic simulations of long-term growth experiments indicated large model error for predicted consumption and growth, and deviations from observed responses varied systematically as a function of daily consumption rate (J·g−1·d−1) and water temperature. A growth rate error correction function was developed and included in the bioenergetics model framework on a daily time step, resulting in decreased absolute model error in all experimental groups. Predicted values from the corrected model were highly correlated with observed values (R2; consumption = 0.97, final weight = 0.99) and unbiased. These results show that the optimal temperature for Redside Shiner growth (18°C) exceeds that of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. by 2–6°C under a scenario of high food availability and moderate food quality.

Conclusion

Consequently, increases in water temperature associated with climate change may favor growth and expansion of Redside Shiner populations, while negatively affecting some salmonids. The bioenergetics model presented here provides the necessary first step in quantifying trophic impacts in sensitive ecosystems where Redside Shiner have invaded or in ecosystems where anadromous salmonid reintroductions are being considered.
Data Justice, Computational Social Science and Policy
Authors: Taylor Linnet
Published: January 2023

Big data has increased attention to Computational Social Science (CSS) on the part of policymakers because it has the power to make populations, activities and behaviour visible in ways that were not previously possible. This kind of analysis, however, often has unforeseen implications for those who are the subjects of the research. This chapter asks what a social justice perspective can tell us about the potential, and the risks, of this kind of analysis when it is oriented towards informing policy. Who benefits, and how, when computational methods and new data sources are used to conduct policy-relevant analysis? Should CSS sidestep, through its novelty and its identification with computational and statistical methodologies, sidestep ethical review and the assessments of power asymmetries and methodological justification that are common in social science research? If not, how should these be applied to CSS research, and what kind of assessment is appropriate? The analysis offers two main conclusions: first, that the field of CSS has evolved without an accompanying evolution of debates on ethics and justice and that these debates are long overdue. Second, that CSS is privileged as policy-relevant research precisely because of many of the features which bring up concerns about justice—large-scale datasets, remote data gathering, purely quantitative methods and an orientation towards policy questions rather than the needs of the research subjects.
Cooperative human–robot polishing for the task of patina growing on high-quality leather shoes
Authors: Borrell Jorge , González Alejandra , Perez-Vidal Carlos , Gracia Luis , Solanes J. Ernesto
Published: January 2023

A patina is essentially the weathered look a piece of leather takes on as it ages. The patina finishing aspect can be also generated or grown artificially by scrubbing the leather surface with specific products. These kinds of manual finishing operations on small objects are delicate and regularly need slight corrections carried out by skilled artisans, which adds complexity to the process automation and implies various key aspects to consider. This research presents a novel approach for automatic and semiautomatic shoe patina growing in the footwear industry using a new co-creative method based on cooperative robotics. The system automates the process in pursuit of operator time-saving without reducing the work finishing quality. For this purpose, the use of a collaborative robot with a built-in constant contact force control and a collaborative tool are used in this research. The use of both tools in complementarity with the knowledge of the craftsman leads the robot end-effector adaptation to the inherent curved surfaces over the shoe. Besides, some orientation corrections are applied based on the CAD model for the task to be accurately accomplished. The solution has been successfully integrated in a real production line, and it is currently in use.
A comparison of simplified protocols of personalized dosimetry in NEN patients treated by radioligand therapy (RLT) with [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE to favor its use in clinical practice
Authors: Pirozzi Palmese Valentina , D’Ambrosio Laura , Di Gennaro Francesca , Maisto Costantina , de Marino Roberta , Morisco Anna , Coluccia Sergio , Di Gennaro Piergiacomo , De Lauro Francesco , Raddi Marco , Gaballo Paolo , Tafuto Salvatore , Celentano Egidio , Lastoria Secondo
Published: January 2023

The role of internal dosimetry is usually proposed for investigational purposes in patients treated by RLT, even if its application is not yet the standard method in clinical practice. This limited use is partially justified by several concomitant factors that make calculations a complex process. Therefore, simplified dosimetry protocols are required.

Methods

In our study, dosimetric evaluations were performed in thirty patients with NENs who underwent RLT with [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE. The reference method (M0) calculated the cumulative absorbed dose performing dosimetry after each of the four cycles. Obtained data were employed to assess the feasibility of simplified protocols: defining the dosimetry only after the first cycle (M1) and after the first and last one (M2).

Results

The mean differences of the cumulative absorbed doses between M1 and M0 were – 10% for kidney, – 5% for spleen, + 34% for liver, + 13% for red marrow, and + 37% for tumor lesions. Conversely, differences lower than ± 10% were measured between M2 and M0.

Conclusion

Cumulative absorbed doses obtained with the M2 protocol resembled the doses calculated by M0, while the M1 protocol overestimated the absorbed doses in all organs at risk, except for the spleen.