bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Postseismic deformation following the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake detected by ALOS-2/PALSAR-2
Authors: Hashimoto Manabu
Published: October 2020

I have been conducting a study of postseismic deformation following the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake using ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 acquired till 2018. I apply ionospheric correction to interferograms of ALOS-2/PALSAR-2. L-band SAR gives us high coherence enough to reveal surface deformation even in vegetated or mountainous area for pairs of images acquired more than 2 years. Postseismic deformation following the Kumamoto earthquake exceeds 10 cm during 2 years at some spots in and around Kumamoto city and Aso caldera. Westward motion of ~ 6 cm/year was dominant on the southeast side of the Hinagu fault, while westward shift was detected on both sides of the Futagawa fault. The area of latter deformation seems to have correlation with distribution of pyroclastic flow deposits. Significant uplift was found around the eastern Futagawa fault and on the southwestern frank of Aso caldera, whose rate reaches 4 cm/year. There are sharp changes across several coseismic surface ruptures such as Futagawa, Hinagu, and Idenokuchi faults. Rapid subsidence between Futagawa and Idenokuchi faults also found. It is confirmed that local subsidence continued along the Suizenji fault, which newly appeared during the mainshock in Kumamoto City. Subsidence with westward shift of up to 4 cm/year was also found in Aso caldera. Time constant of postseismic decay ranges from 1 month to 600 days at selected points, but that postseismic deformation during the first epochs or two is dominant at point in the Kumamoto Plain. This result suggests multiple source of deformation. Westward motion around the Hinagu fault may be explained with right lateral afterslip on the shallow part of this fault. Subsidence along the Suizenji fault can be attributed to normal faulting on dipping westward. Deformation around the Hinagu and Idenokuchi faults cannot be explained with right lateral afterslip of Futagawa fault, which requires other sources. Deformation in northern part of Aso caldera might be the result of right lateral afterslip on a possible buried fault.
Computer-assisted horizontal translational osseous genioplasty: a simple method to correct chin deviation
Authors: Keyhan Seied Omid , Azari Abbas , Yousefi Parisa , Cheshmi Behzad , Fallahi Hamid Reza , Valipour Mohammad Amin
Published: October 2020

Background

Different genioplasty techniques are applied for the adjustment of chin area deformities such as chin deviation.

Results

Thirty patients with simple facial asymmetry due to chin deviation underwent computer-assisted horizontal translational osseous genioplasty. In this technique, a surgical guide was used to cut a bone strip from the side where the chin should be transferred to; then, the same bone strip was used for the filling of the gap that was formed on the opposite side.

Conclusion

According to the experience gained from this study, the authors believe that computer-assisted horizontal translational osseous genioplasty is a simple and reliable technique for patients with facial asymmetry due to chin deviation.
Compatibility of some botanicals and the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Bals.), against the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Authors: Rehman Habib-ur , Rasul Amer , Farooqi Muhammad Aslam , Aslam Hafiz Muhammad Usman , Majeed Beenish , Sagheer Muhammad , Ali Qurban
Published: October 2020

Background

The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), is a serious pest of stored grain commodities worldwide which results in considerable losses to stored wheat, Triticum aestivum (Linn.).

Main body

The present laboratory bioassay was carried out to examine the efficiency of the fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) formulation (Racer TM), and Neem extract (NE), Eucalyptus extract (EE), and Tobacco extract (TE) against 3rd instar larvae of T. castaneum. The fungal formulation was applied at 0.3 × 108, 0.6 × 108, and 0.9 × 108 conidia kg−1 of the crushed wheat grains; as well, it was mixed separately with 5% concentrations of each plant extract under the laboratory conditions of 30 ± 2 °C and 65 ± 5% RH. Mortality rate of the tested larvae was enumerated after regular intervals of times. Mortality of the larvae increased at the highest combined concentrations of the fungal conidial formulation and the plant extracts rather than their single treatments. The highest mortality rate of the larvae (71.32%) was recorded at the highest concentration binary mixture of (Racer TM +NE), whereas relatively the lowest mortality rate (15.54%) was enumerated in the combined treatments of (Racer TM +NE). Furthermore, the highest separate concentration of B. bassiana (0.9 × 108 conidia/ml) persistently resulted in more larval mortality (32.68%) of 3rd instar larvae of T. castaneum than the plant extracts (7.52, 9.89, and 14.61%), respectively. A noticeably greater rate of mycosis and sporulation was counted in the larvae of the insect in separate treatments of B. bassiana than in its combined applications with the plant extracts. The highest mycosis (85.13%) and sporulation (160.12 conidia/ml) was detected in the treatment, where the lowest concentration of B. bassiana (0.3 × 108 conidia/ml) was used, alone.

Conclusion

Hence, it was concluded that integrated use of these two bio-pesticides plus the fungus can be helpful in the integrated pest management program of T. castaneum.
Refining drug administration in a murine model of acute infection with Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Gulin Julián Ernesto Nicolás , Bisio Margarita , García-Bournissen Facundo
Published: October 2020

Background

In animal research, “refinement” refers to modifications of husbandry or experimental procedures to enhance animal well-being and minimize or eliminate pain and distress. Evaluation of drug efficacy in mice models, such as those used to study Trypanosoma cruzi infection, require prolonged drug administration by the oral route (e.g. for 20 consecutive days). However, the orogastric gavage method can lead to significant discomfort, upper digestive or respiratory tract lesions, aspiration pneumonia and even accidental death. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of two administration methods (conventional oral gavage vs. a refined method using a disposable tip and automatic pipette) on the efficacy of benznidazole in a murine model of T. cruzi infection.

Results

Both administration methods led to a rapid and persistent reduction in parasitaemia. Absence of T. cruzi DNA (evaluated by real-time PCR) in blood, cardiac and skeletal muscle confirmed that treatment efficacy was not influenced by the administration method used.

Conclusions

The proposed refined method for long-term oral drug administration may be a suitable strategy for assessing drug efficacy in mice models of Chagas disease and can be applied to similar murine infection models to reduce animal discomfort.
Accurate calibration of thermophotovoltaic efficiency
Authors: Omair Zunaid , Pazos-Outon Luis M. , Steiner Myles A. , Yablonovitch Eli
Published: October 2020

The new record efficiency in Thermophotovoltaics relies upon a highly reflective rear mirror. The excellent rear mirror boosts voltage by enhancing the luminescence extraction, and separately also reflects low energy photons, which would otherwise be useless in thermophotovoltaics. The reflected low energy photons reheat the thermal emitter, and regenerate above-bandgap energy photons. The efficiency calibration for such regenerative thermophotovoltaics depends on several factors, yet predominantly on the accurate measurement of the rear mirror reflectivity. Here, we report on the technique for accurate measurement of mirror reflectivity, and of record thermophotovoltaic efficiency 29.1 ± 0.6%, at 1207 °C.
Vitamin D in active systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis: a forgotten player
Authors: Khairallah Marwa K. , Makarem Yasmine S. , Dahpy Marwa A.
Published: October 2020

Background

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder associated with immunological abnormalities (Aringer et al., Arthritis Rheumatol 71:1400-1412, 2019). Vitamin D (VD) has an important role in SLE pathogenesis, as it controls cell cycle progression besides its anti-proliferative effects (Liu et al., J Cell Commun Signal 71, 2019). Determining the relationship between VD with SLE activity and lupus nephritis (LN) can establish a new role for VD in SLE management (Liu et al., J Cell Commun Signal 71, 2019). In our study, we aimed to assess the relationship between levels of VD in patients with SLE activity and with LN and to verify the relationship between VD levels with clinical and laboratory parameters in those patients, in order to assess the validity of adding serum VD level in the routine follow-up as a marker that may lead to earlier diagnosis of SLE activity and LN in adult SLE patients.

Results

Serum VD was significantly lower in SLE patients (3.38 ± 2.55 ng/ml) versus healthy controls (5.36 ± 2.88 ng/ml) (P< 0.002). Interestingly, serum VD was significantly lower in patient with active SLE according to SLEDAI (3.00 ± 2.27 ng/ml) versus those with inactive SLE (5.10 ± 3.19 ng/ml) (P< 0.02). Significant negative correlation was found between serum level of VD and each of mucocutaneous, malar rash, and renal manifestations. Significant negative correlation was also noticed among SLEDAI (Pvalue = 0.01) and renal SLEDAI scores (Pvalue = 0.021) with serum level of VD.

Conclusion

Low levels of VD were found to be frequent in SLE patients especially during phases of SLE activity and nephritis. Potent markers of low serum VD level in SLE patients were found to be mucocutaneous, malar rash, and LN. Our results support that VD levels could act as independent risk factors for activity and LN in SLE patients; moreover, treatment with VD supplementation could decrease the incidence of activity and nephritis in SLE patients.
The bone marrow niche components are adversely affected in sepsis
Authors: Yin Fan , Qian Han , Duan Caiwen , Ning Botao
Published: October 2020

Multiple organ dysfunction is an important cause of death in patients with sepsis. Currently, few studies have focused on the impact of sepsis on bone marrow (BM), especially on the cell components of BM niche. In this study, we performed mouse sepsis models by intraperitoneal injection of LPS and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The changes of niche major components in the mouse BM among vascular structures, mesenchymal stem cells and Treg cells were observed and analyzed. The results showed that pathological changes in BM was earlier and more prominent than in other organs, and various cell components of the BM niche changed significantly, of which vascular endothelial cells increased transiently with vascular remodeling and the regulatory T cells decreased over a long period of time. These results indicated that the components of the BM niche underwent series of adaptive changes in sepsis.
Survival Differences in Chinese Versus White Women With Breast Cancer in the United States: A SEER-Based Analysis
Authors: Lim David W. , Giannakeas Vasily , Narod Steven A.
Published: October 2020

PURPOSE

The affect of race on breast cancer prognosis is not well understood. We compared crude and adjusted breast cancer survival rates of Chinese women versus White women in the United States.

METHODS

We conducted a cohort study of Chinese and White women with breast cancer diagnosed between 2004 to 2015 in the SEER 18 registries database. We abstracted information on age at diagnosis, tumor size, grade, lymph node status, receptor status, surgical treatment, receipt of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and death. We compared crude breast cancer–specific mortality between the two ethnic groups. We calculated adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) in a propensity-matched design using the Cox proportional hazards model. P < .05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS

There were 7,553 Chinese women (1.8%) and 414,618 White women (98.2%) with stage I-IV breast cancer in the SEER database. There were small differences in demographics, nodal burden, and clinical stage between Chinese and White women. Ten-year breast cancer–specific survival was 88.8% for Chinese women and 85.6% for White women (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.80; P < .0001). In a propensity-matched analysis among women with stage I–IIIC breast cancer, the HR was 0.71 (95% CI, 0.62 to 0.81; P < .0001). Annual mortality rates in White women exceeded those in Chinese women for the first 9 years after diagnosis.

CONCLUSION

Chinese women in the United States have superior breast cancer–specific survival compared with White women. The reason for the observed difference is not clear. Differences in demographic and tumor features between Chinese and White women with breast cancer may contribute to the disparity, as may the possibility of intrinsic biologic differences.
Carboplatin and Paclitaxel for Advanced Endometrial Cancer: Final Overall Survival and Adverse Event Analysis of a Phase III Trial (NRG Oncology/GOG0209)
Authors: Miller David S. , Filiaci Virginia L. , Mannel Robert S. , Cohn David E. , Matsumoto Takashi , Tewari Krishnansu S. , DiSilvestro Paul , Pearl Michael L. , Argenta Peter A. , Powell Matthew A. , Zweizig Susan L. , Warshal David P. , Hanjani Parviz , Carney Michael E. , Huang Helen , Cella David , Zaino Richard , Fleming Gini F.
Published: October 2020

PURPOSE

Limitations of the paclitaxel-doxorubicin-cisplatin (TAP) regimen in the treatment of endometrial cancer include tolerability and cumbersome scheduling. The Gynecologic Oncology Group studied carboplatin plus paclitaxel (TC) as a noninferior alternative to TAP.

METHODS

GOG0209 was a phase III, randomized, noninferiority, open-label trial. Inclusion criteria were stage III, stage IV, and recurrent endometrial cancers; performance status 0-2; and adequate renal, hepatic, and marrow function. Prior radiotherapy and/or hormonal therapy were permitted, but chemotherapy, including radiosensitization, was not. Patients were treated with doxorubicin 45 mg/m2 and cisplatin 50 mg/m2 (day 1), followed by paclitaxel 160 mg/m2 (day 2) with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor or paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 and carboplatin area under the curve 6 (day 1) every 21 days for seven cycles. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS; modified intention to treat). Progression-free survival (PFS), health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and toxicity were secondary endpoints.

RESULTS

From 2003 to 2009, 1,381 women were enrolled. Noninferiority of TC to TAP was concluded for OS (median, 37 v 41 months, respectively; hazard ratio [HR], 1.002; 90% CI, 0.9 to 1.12), and PFS (median, 13 v 14 months; HR, 1.032; 90% CI, 0.93 to 1.15). Neutropenic fever was reported in 7% of patients receiving TAP and 6% of those receiving TC. Grade > 2 sensory neuropathy was recorded in 26% of patients receiving TAP and 20% receiving TC ( P = .40). More grade ≥ 3 thrombocytopenia (23% v 12%), vomiting (7% v 4%), diarrhea (6% v 2%), and metabolic (14% v 8%) toxicities were reported with TAP. Neutropenia (52% v 80%) was more common with TC. Small HRQoL differences favored TC.

CONCLUSION

With demonstrated noninferiority to TAP, TC is the global first-line standard for advanced endometrial cancer.
Selection of Optimal Adjuvant Chemotherapy and Targeted Therapy for Early Breast Cancer: ASCO Guideline Update
Authors: Denduluri Neelima , Somerfield Mark R. , Chavez-MacGregor Mariana , Comander Amy H. , Dayao Zoneddy , Eisen Andrea , Freedman Rachel A. , Gopalakrishnan Ragisha , Graff Stephanie L. , Hassett Michael J. , King Tari A. , Lyman Gary H. , Maupin Gillian Rice , Nunes Raquel , Perkins Cheryl L. , Telli Melinda L. , Trudeau Maureen E. , Wolff Antonio C. , Giordano Sharon H.
Published: October 2020

PURPOSE

The aim of this work is to update key recommendations of the ASCO guideline adaptation of the Cancer Care Ontario guideline on the selection of optimal adjuvant chemotherapy regimens for early breast cancer and adjuvant targeted therapy for breast cancer.

METHODS

An Expert Panel conducted a targeted systematic literature review guided by a signals approach to identify new, potentially practice-changing data that might translate into revised guideline recommendations.

RESULTS

The Expert Panel reviewed abstracts from the literature review and identified one article for inclusion that reported results of the phase III, open-label KATHERINE trial. In the KATHERINE trial, patients with stage I to III human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–positive breast cancer with residual invasive disease in the breast or axilla after completing neoadjuvant chemotherapy and HER2-targeted therapy were allocated to adjuvant trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1; n = 743) or to trastuzumab (n = 743). Invasive disease–free survival was significantly higher in the T-DM1 group than in the trastuzumab arm (hazard ratio, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.64; P < .001), and risk of distant recurrence was lower in patients who received T-DM1 than in patients who received trastuzumab (hazard ratio, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.79). Grade 3 or higher adverse events occurred in 190 patients (25.7%) who received T-DM1 and in 111 patients (15.4%) who received trastuzumab.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Patients with HER2-positive breast cancer with pathologic invasive residual disease at surgery after standard preoperative chemotherapy and HER2-targeted therapy should be offered 14 cycles of adjuvant T-DM1, unless there is disease recurrence or unmanageable toxicity. Clinicians may offer any of the available and approved formulations of trastuzumab, including trastuzumab, trastuzumab and hyaluronidase-oysk, and available biosimilars. Additional information can be found at www.asco.org/breast-cancer-guidelines
Quality of Life and its Determinants in Patients With Treated Acromegaly: A Cross-Sectional Nationwide Study in China
Authors: Guo Xiaopeng , Wang Kailu , Yu Siyue , Gao Lu , Wang Zihao , Zhu Huijuan , Xing Bing , Zhang Shuyang , Dong Dong
Published: October 2020

Context

Quality of life (QoL) continues to be impaired in acromegaly after treatment.

Objective

We conducted the first nationwide survey assessing QoL status among Chinese patients with treated acromegaly and explored correlations with clinical parameters, treatment modalities, and outcomes.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Survey via Chinese Association of Patients with Acromegaly (CAPA) online platform.

Patients

Treated patients from CAPA.

Main Outcome Measures

QoL was assessed using acromegaly QoL questionnaire (AcroQoL), 5-level EuroQoL five-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L), and 12-item short-form health survey questionnaire (SF-12).

Results

Complete, valid questionnaires from 327 patients (mean age: 39.2 years, 61.5% females) at a mean of 10 years after treatment were included. Biochemical control was satisfied in 52.9% of these patients. The controlled patients had significantly better QoL than the uncontrolled patients in all AcroQoL dimensions, most SF-12 dimensions, and pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression dimensions of the EQ-5D-5L. Patients with either controlled or uncontrolled acromegaly had significantly worse QoL than the age- and sex-adjusted population reference in most SF-12 dimensions except for physical functioning. More acromegaly-associated symptoms and comorbidities at follow-up were independent risk factors for decreased QoL across all questionnaires. Medical treatment, especially with somatostatin analogs (SSAs), and radiotherapy were predictors of worse QoL. Female patients had lower scores of physical-related QoL than male patients.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that biochemical control improved but did not normalize QoL in acromegaly. Numbers of symptoms and comorbidities at follow-up, sex, radiotherapy, and medical treatment with SSAs were factors determining QoL of patients with treated acromegaly.
Fluoride-ion Conductivity Analysis of Yb-F-S Multiple-anion Compounds
Authors: Tachibana Shintaro , Ide Kazuto , Tojigamori Takeshi , Yamamoto Yusaku , Miki Hidenori , Yamasaki Hisatsugu , Kotani Yukinari , Orikasa Yuki
Published: October 2020

The mixed-anion fluorosulfide Yb3F4S2 was examined as a solid electrolyte for all-solid-state fluoride-ion batteries. The synthesized Yb3F4S2 compound by solid-state reaction under vacuum contained Yb2O2S impurities, which originated from the starting materials. The conduction properties of Yb3F4S2 are discussed herein based on the electrochemical impedance and DC blocking measurements, which indicate mixed ionic and electrical conduction of Yb3F4S2. Yb L3-edge X-ray absorption measurements demonstrate the mixed valence state of ytterbium ion.
First records of Sinanodonta woodiana (Lea, 1834) and Corbicula fluminea (O. F. Müller, 1774) (Mollusca, Bivalvia) from the Adriatic part of Croatia
Authors: Beran Luboš
Published: October 2020

Sinanodonta woodiana (Lea) and Corbicula fluminea (O. F. Müller) are among the most invasive aquatic molluscs found in Europe. Both species were recorded in the Adriatic part of Croatia for the first time in 2019 although in the Danubian Croatia they were more common. An abundant population of S. woodiana was found in an oxbow of the Cetina River; mussels with shell length of ca. 12–17 cm dominated. A population of C. fluminea was recorded in the freshwater section of the Zrmanja River above the Jankovića Buk waterfall which forms the border between the brackish and the freshwater sections of the river. Possible pathways of their introduction and reasons for their rare occurrence in contrast to the Danubian Croatia are discussed.
Sustentabilidade corporativa: definição de indicadores para organizações do setor energético
Authors: Pereira Neto Fausto , Cândido Gesinaldo Ataíde
Published: October 2020

A preocupação com o desenvolvimento sustentável tem crescido nos diversos setores da economia, e no ambiente corporativo tem se tornado uma estratégia de mercado, além de um fator positivo para o sucesso dos negócios. A partir dessa consideração, o objetivo deste artigo é identificar indicadores de sustentabilidade corporativa para empresas do setor energético a partir de base teórica e conceitual específica. Foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, utilizando técnicas bibliométricas para análise e escolha dos indicadores de sustentabilidade corporativa do setor energético utilizados por empresas no Brasil a partir dos seguintes aspectos: tipo de fonte de energia, sistemas de indicadores e as divisões por dimensão da sustentabilidade. Nos resultados da pesquisa, são apresentados 133 indicadores distribuídos nas seguintes dimensões: social (66), econômica (16), ambiental (38) e governança corporativa (13). Tais resultados apontam a existência de poucos estudos na área de sustentabilidade corporativa para o setor energético.
O sono antropológico da Modernidade
Authors: Benevides Pablo Severiano , Siebra Adolfo Jesiel
Published: October 2020

Com base na obra As Palavras e as Coisas de Michel Foucault, este artigo pretende visibilizar uma conexão entre os quatro segmentos teóricos que norteiam o pensamento antropológico característico da Modernidade. Para tanto, preliminarmente, o texto examina como estas disposições de saber tornaram possível o aparecimento da figura do Homem como o fundamento do e obstáculo para o conhecimento. Em seguida, o trabalho procede perscrutando as principais ancoragens do pensamento antropológico, de modo que, no transcorrer da análise, o que se evidencia é um movimento de caráter circular e autorreferencial, manifestado pela necessidade interna imanente que um segmento tem de remeter ao outro.Palavras-chaves: Michel Foucault. Pensamento antropológico. Modernidade. Homem. Crítica.
Vigilância digital e coronavida: o “novo normal” do século XXI
Authors: Velloso Rafael
Published: October 2020

Diante da emergência do coronavírus e sua propagação a nível global, diferentes tecnologias de monitoramento foram empregadas e impulsionadas, todas com a justificativa de conter o avanço da doença. No Brasil, essa ampla utilização contrasta com o total descontrole da doença. Paralalelamente, enquanto países mergulham em crises sociais, sanitárias e econômicas, empresas da área de tecnologia batem recorde de lucro. Portanto, o presente artigo busca analisar a relação existente entre a emergência sanitária e a ampliação do uso das tecnologias de vigiliância digital e controle populacional. Palavras-chave: pandemia; vigilância digital; big data
A destruição da natureza e a emergência de zoonoses: os temas híbridos e o contrato natural podem nos mostrar caminhos para superar problemas?
Authors: Tolfo Rogério
Published: October 2020

Apresentaremos, inicialmente, em linhas gerais, a partir de artigos que versam sobre o transbordamento - a passagem de vírus de outros animais para o homem - a relação entre destruição ambiental e o possível aumento de zoonoses. Em um segundo momento, exporemos tanto a ideia de híbrido presente em Jamais fomos Modernos de Bruno Latour, quanto à ideia de um contrato natural, tal qual presente na obra O Contrato Natural de Michel Serres. Tais ideias podem auxiliar a compreensão de questões e práticas humanas atuais, possibilitando tanto o surgimento de um novo modo de tratar nossas questões, quanto uma mudança de nossa relação com o ambiente natural.
Filósofas em rede: reagregando o público e o privado em tempos de catástrofes
Authors: Soares Maria Helena Silva
Published: October 2020

Nesse ensaio epistolar falo a partir de e para mulheres acadêmicas periféricas que se afirmam na academia em tempos de catástrofes a fim de entender e fomentar a filosofia em rede.
Os barcos, a tormenta e o motim
Authors: San Gil Davi Da Silva
Published: October 2020

Proponho, neste trabalho, uma reflexão sobre os efeitos da Covid19 no Brasil a partir da chamada "metáfora do barco", do filósofo e sociólogo austríaco Otto Neurath.
Teatro ao Vídeo: algumas imagens.
Authors: Matos Helder De Moraes
Published: October 2020

O fechamento temporário dos teatros devido às restrições ao convívio social impõe inúmeras circunstâncias a serem relevadas. Dentre as múltiplas situações em questão, passando pela impossibilidade do trabalho que acomete aqueles vinculados à cadeia criativa até a evidente privação das reuniões entorno dos eventos artísticos, nos debruçaremos aqui sobre duas obras teatrais realizadas no período inicial de confinamento social.  Ambas são monólogos, sendo uma delas desenvolvida durante o mesmo período e a outra, já tendo sido apresentada em diversos teatros e escolas, reelaborada para a rede. São elas, respectivamente, Frequência 20.20 de Grace Passô e SIM - Cérebro|Coração em Conferência para Terra, de Mariana Lima, ambos com acesso virtual irrestrito.
Pandemia e Vida Social: Reflexões sobre ciência e sociedade na atual crise global
Authors: Da Silva Vinícius Carvalho , De Oliveira MacCoy Clarissa Souza , Dias do Amaral Leila Pereira , Vasconcellos Luiz Ricardo
Published: October 2020

A necessidade de estudos inter e multidisciplinares que abarquem as múltiplas e complexas dimensões da crise alargada pela pandemia de COVID-19 justifica-se pela necessidade de pensar, analisar, compreender esse momento, de buscar dados mais aproximados do que ele realmente representa em termos de mudança social, política, econômica, cultural, e de abordar nosso objeto de estudo a partir de uma perspectiva plural, que leve em conta a abundância da realidade (Feyerabend, 2006). Quais as dimensões em que fomos e somos diretamente e indiretamente afetados(as) pela pandemia?  Para responder a questões desse tipo precisamos promover o diálogo entre múltiplas formas de saber.
Passive mode locking in fiber lasers due to the polarization-dependent losses
Authors: Li Guiming , Yan Xiaohong , Kong Jian , Zhao Luming
Published: October 2020

Weak polarization dependence exists in most fiber components. We
numerically demonstrated passive mode locking in fiber lasers based on
weak polarization dependence down to polarization-dependent loss of
1.76 dB. Different polarization dependences are investigated to unveil
its role for achieving passive mode locking. The anomalous dispersion
region and the normal dispersion regime are both tested. It is found
that, independent of operating dispersion regime, stronger gain is
required for achieving mode locking with lower polarization
dependence. Our numerical demonstration confirms previous experimental
results and broadens the knowledge on additive-pulse mode locking.
Maximum a posteriori signal recovery for optical coherence tomography angiography image generation and denoising
Authors: Husvogt Lennart , Ploner Stefan B. , Chen Siyu , Stromer Daniel , Schottenhamml Julia , Alibhai A. Yasin , Moult Eric , Waheed Nadia K. , Fujimoto James G. , Maier Andreas
Published: October 2020

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a novel and clinically promising imaging modality to image retinal and sub-retinal vasculature. Based on repeated optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans, intensity changes are observed over time and used to compute OCTA image data. OCTA data are prone to noise and artifacts caused by variations in flow speed and patient movement. We propose a novel iterative maximum a posteriori signal recovery algorithm in order to generate OCTA volumes with reduced noise and increased image quality. This algorithm is based on previous work on probabilistic OCTA signal models and maximum likelihood estimates. Reconstruction results using total variation minimization and wavelet shrinkage for regularization were compared against an OCTA ground truth volume, merged from six co-registered single OCTA volumes. The results show a significant improvement in peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity. The presented algorithm brings together OCTA image generation and Bayesian statistics and can be developed into new OCTA image generation and denoising algorithms.
Efficient tunable terahertz generation via noncollinear phase matching in the ZnGeP2 crystal
Authors: Li Fangjie , Zhong Kai , Qiao Hongzhan , Liu Kefei , Zhang Xianzhong , Xu Degang , Yao Jianquan
Published: October 2020

A novel noncollinear phase-matching (PM) scheme was proposed by
introducing a small tunable angle between two pump beams to maximize
the effective nonlinear coefficient (

d

e
f
f

) in tunable terahertz wave difference
frequency generation in the

Z
n
G
e
P

2

crystal. Compared with the collinear
PM condition, the noncollinear geometry transfers the PM angle to be
around

θ
=

90

∘

for type-II (

o

−

e

→

o

) PM to fully use the maximum
nonlinear coefficient

d

36

, leading to a high conversion
efficiency improved by tens of times in theory. Based on the theory of
noncollinear PM, the angle-tuning characteristics were calculated and
the crystal design was provided for efficient outcoupling. A rigorous
theoretical model was built under small-signal approximation to show
the affecting factors of noncollinear PM and reveal its superiority
compared with collinear PM.
Time skew enabled vestigial sideband modulation for dispersion-tolerant direct–detection transmission
Authors: Zhu Yixiao , Li Longsheng , Miao Xin , Hu Weisheng
Published: October 2020

Fiber dispersion and square-law detection-induced power fading is a fundamental obstacle in intensity modulation with direct detection links. In this Letter, we propose a hardware-efficient vestigial sideband (VSB) transmitter to suppress such an impairment. By introducing an appropriate time skew between the differential arms of the Mach–Zehnder modulator, a VSB signal can be generated based on a single digital-to-analog convertor without optical filtering. At the receiver, a Volterra equalizer is utilized to mitigate the inter-symbol interference. In the proof-of-concept experiment, 32 Gbaud 4/6/8-ary pulse amplitude modulation signals can be successfully transmitted over an 80 km standard single-mode fiber with bit-error rates below the KP4, 7% hard-decision and 20% soft-decision forward error correction thresholds, respectively. The proposed scheme provides a promising and low-cost solution for high-speed metro and data center interconnect applications.
Broadband light absorption by metal nanoparticle or quantum dot-coated silicon nanostructures for solar cell applications
Authors: Zaman Sameia , Hossain Mainul
Published: October 2020

Light absorption by metal nanoparticle (MNP) and quantum dot (QD) coated nanostructures is theoretically investigated for crystalline silicon (Si) solar cells. Despite light trapping by bare Si nanostructures, the near infrared region (NIR) of the solar spectrum remains unharvested owing to the indirect bandgap (1.1 eV) and low absorption coefficient of Si beyond visible wavelengths. In this work, periodic Si nanostructures, in the form of vertical nanowires (NWs), nanopyramids, and flat-topped nanocones, have been modeled, with their sidewalls decorated with spherical gold (Au) NPs. MNPs scatter light into neighboring Si and introduce localized plasmonic effects, thereby, offering strong broadband absorption and high conversion efficiency. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) analysis shows enhanced absorption beyond visible wavelengths, in the presence of Au NPs, for varying NP size and nanostructure periodicity. For 700 nm < λ < 1600 nm, the average absorption by Au NP coated Si nanopyramids and flat-topped nanocones is 5× higher than their bare counterparts. Moreover, Si QD/Si NW hybrid structures display better absorption characteristics than the Au NP/Si NW combination. The findings can be used to design and optimize highly efficient Si solar cells that combine light trapping nanostructures with broader, size tunable absorption profiles of plasmonic NPs and QDs.
Polarization independent guided-mode resonance in liquid crystal-based polarization gratings
Authors: Yang Zhiyong , Zhan Tao , Wu Shin-Tson
Published: October 2020

Polarization independent guided-mode resonance (GMR) in a one-dimensional liquid crystal-based polarization grating is demonstrated. The proposed GMR filter consists of a liquid crystal layer and two glass substrates. The resonance location and bandwidth are investigated through anisotropic rigorous coupled-wave analysis. This type of polarization independent GMR filters also manifest strong electric field enhancements and ultra-narrow spectral bandwidths, offering great potential for applications with unpolarized light sources.
Improving Outcomes of Bariatric Surgery in Patients With Cirrhosis in the United States: A Nationwide Assessment
Authors: Are Vijay S. , Knapp Shannon M. , Banerjee Ambar , Shamseddeen Hani , Ghabril Marwan , Orman Eric , Patidar Kavish R. , Chalasani Naga , Desai Archita P.
Published: October 2020

INTRODUCTION:

With increasing burden of obesity and liver disease in the United States, a better understanding of bariatric surgery in context of cirrhosis is needed. We described trends of hospital-based outcomes of bariatric surgery among cirrhotics and determined effect of volume status and type of surgery on these outcomes.

METHODS:

In this population-based study, admissions for bariatric surgery were extracted from the National Inpatient Sample using International Classification of Diseases, 9th and 10th Revision, Clinical Modification codes from 2004 to 2016 and grouped by cirrhosis status, type of bariatric surgery, and center volume. In-hospital mortality, complications, and their trends were compared between these groups using weighted counts, odds ratios [ORs], and logistic regression.

RESULTS:

Among 1,679,828 admissions for bariatric surgery, 9,802 (0.58%) had cirrhosis. Cirrhosis admissions were more likely to be in white men, had higher Elixhauser Index, and higher in-hospital complications rates including death (1.81% vs 0.17%), acute kidney injury (4.5% vs 1.2%), bleeding (2.9% vs 1.1%), and operative complications (2% vs 0.6%) (P < 0.001 for all) compared to those without cirrhosis. Overtime, restrictive surgeries have grown in number (12%–71%) and complications rates have trended down in both groups. Cirrhotics undergoing bariatric surgery at low-volume centers (<50 procedures per year) and nonrestrictive surgery had a higher inpatient mortality rate (adjusted OR 4.50, 95% confidence interval 3.14–6.45, adjusted OR 4.00, 95% confidence interval 2.68–5.97, respectively).

DISCUSSION:

Contemporary data indicate that among admissions for bariatric surgery, there is a shift to restrictive-type surgeries with an improvement in-hospital complications and mortality. However, patients with cirrhosis especially those at low-volume centers have significantly higher risk of worse outcomes (see Visual abstract, Supplementary Digital Content, http://links.lww.com/AJG/B648).
Aerosols Produced by Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: A Quantitative Evaluation
Authors: Sagami Ryota , Nishikiori Hidefumi , Sato Takao , Tsuji Hiroaki , Ono Masami , Togo Kazumi , Fukuda Kensuke , Okamoto Kazuhisa , Ogawa Ryo , Mizukami Kazuhiro , Okimoto Tadayoshi , Kodama Masaaki , Amano Yuji , Murakami Kazunari
Published: October 2020

INTRODUCTION:

During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, whether endoscopy generates aerosols needs to be determined.

METHODS:

In patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with an enclosure covering their heads, 0.3–10-μm aerosols were measured for 60 seconds before, during, and after endoscopy by an optical counter. Whether aerosols increased in the situation with and without endoscopy was examined.

RESULTS:

The analysis included 103 consecutive patients undergoing endoscopy and 90 control patients. Aerosols increased significantly during endoscopy compared with the control group. Body mass index and burping were significant factors related to increased aerosols during endoscopy.

DISCUSSION:

Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was an aerosol-generating procedure.
“ASKing” the Right Questions About Screening for Celiac Disease
Authors: Forbes Geoffrey M.
Published: October 2020

Make a distinction between investigating symptoms and screening for disease. Understand the performance characteristics of a test for those with symptoms and for screening those without symptoms, whether at elevated risk or average risk of disease. Positive test results require patient education and follow-up. Importantly, screening should be advantageous to an individual, and disease treatment should be in their interest. The practical application of these principles in relation to population-based Celiac disease screening may be difficult, as a large Colorado study has found.
Reflexivity, Sensitivity, and "STS"
Authors: Müller Anna-Lisa , Reichmann Werner
Published: October 2020

In diesem Artikel untersuchen wir, wie ein spezifisches theoretisches Konzept, das als »Fried Egg Model« der Architektursoziologie (abgekürzt: FEM) bezeichnet wird, in einen methodischen Rahmen für empirische Forschung übersetzt werden kann. Das Modell dient als Beispiel dafür, ob und wie theoretische Konzepte aus den STS auf konkrete Methoden und Forschungsdesigns für empirische Studien vor Ort übertragen werden können. Wir erweitern das FEM, indem wir das Konzept der Lokalität integrieren und zeigen, wie so grundlegende STS-Konzepte wie Symmetrie, Multiplizität und Heterogenität erstens zu einer Theorie über die Bedeutung der Architektur in Gesellschaften und, zweitens, zu einem methodischen Rahmen für empirische Studien beitragen können. Damit präsentiert der Artikel ein Beispiel für die Übersetzung grundlegender STS-Erkenntnisse in eine Methodologie und Methodik für empirische Forschung, insbesondere für die Erforschung von Architektur und städtischen Umgebungen.
Masken - Theater, Kult und Brauchtum
Authors: Brauneck Manfred
Published: October 2020

Warum verhüllen sich Menschen mit Masken und verbergen ihre Gesichter? Warum wandeln sie ihr Äußeres, um sich als anderes Wesen darzustellen - und dies schon seit frühster Zeit? Manfred Brauneck versteht diese besondere Kulturpraktik als eine conditio humana, eine anthropologische Konstante des Spiels mit den Grenzen von Innen und Außen, von Natürlichem und Künstlichem, von Intimität und Öffentlichkeit. Ausgehend von der Funktion der Masken im Theater untersucht er dieses Phänomen und erweitert seine Analysen um das Tragen von Masken im Brauchtum und bei besonderen Ritualen - denn hier hat es eine besonders essentielle Funktion: die Schaffung einer Wirklichkeit ganz eigener Art.
Writing Dis/Comfort
Authors: Butler Sarah
Published: October 2020

Sarah Butler's contribution is a reflection on the role of dis/comfort in the act of creative writing from the perspective of a practitioner. Bringing in her expertise as a novelist, Butler discusses her novel »Jack and Bet« (published with Picador in 2020) as an un/comfortable space and considers narrative and representational strategies which generate situations of dis/comfort for the reader. Her poetic and theoretical exploration of »Jack and Bet« foregrounds the ageing body as a site of potential dis/comfort and identifies sources of comfort and discomfort within domestic and urban environments.
The Politics of Comfort in J.M. Coetzee's Diary of a Bad Year
Authors: Douanla Didymus Tsangue
Published: October 2020

Didymus Tsangue Douanla explores the centrality of comfort in notions of subjectivity, home, and self/other dynamics in the specific postcolonial diaspora depicted in J. M. Coetzee's Diary of a Bad Year. He begins with the ambiguities underpinning the subject`s attempt to negotiate a comfortable sense of self amid the challenges posed by racism, sexism, ageism and the conflation of private and public life. He then identifies two different notions of comfort activated in the narrative through a polyphonic narrative structure that juxtaposes fiction and non-fiction on the same page. With recourse to Michael Rothberg's concept of »implicated subjectivity« and Timothy Bewes' ideas on postcolonial shame, the chapter argues that even postcolonial diasporic subjects who now reside in a safe western democratic nation are haunted by memories of past violence and an abiding sense of their implication. This leads to a sense of shame that complicates their experience and reality of comfort.
Bitcoin, Kryptowährung und die Blockchain
Authors: Carnap Kai von
Published: October 2020

Bitcoin brachte die innovative Technologie Blockchain im Jahr 2008 auf die Welt und kreiert seitdem regelmäßig Investitions- und Innovationswellen. Zu Spitzenzeiten betrug das Marktvolumen aller Kryptowährungen über 500 Milliarden USD und wurde als das nächste Internet bezeichnet. Heute gibt es kaum eine Industrie, die nicht mit Blockchain in irgendeiner Form experimentiert. Abgesehen von den Anstrengungen tausender Start-Ups und unabhängiger Entwickler ist das Interesse auch von institutioneller Seite groß. Sowohl von den weltweit größten Zentralbanken als auch von ASEAN, dem World Economic Forum und der OECD werden seit einigen Jahren Konferenzen abgehalten, Weißpapiere veröffentlicht und Forschungsmittel bereitgestellt, nur um die Frage zu beantworten, auf welche Weise Blockchain in den jeweiligen Anwendungsbereichen adoptiert werden kann. Auch China hat sich dieser Gemeinschaft angeschlossen und muss dabei, im Gegensatz zu den meisten anderen Akteuren, eine wichtige Frage lösen: Wie kann man einen Kompromiss schließen zwischen der dezentralen Struktur konventioneller Blockchain-Systeme und den zentralen Einsicht- und Einflussansprüchen eines autoritären Zentralregimes? Dieser Artikel soll darlegen, wie China diese Frage beantwortet und sich diese Technologie in den vergangenen Jahren mehr und mehr angeeignet hat.
Kategorisierungen, Diversity und komparative Perspektiven
Authors: Dederichs Anno
Published: October 2020

Sowohl in den Kultur- und Sozialwissenschaften als auch im öffentlichen Diskurs in Deutschland wurden und werden komparative Perspektiven auf China und Deutschland häufig unter dem Terminus ,Kultur' entwickelt. Kulturalistische Diskurse bilden nach wie vor eine zentrale Beschreibungsperspektive, wenn es auf deutscher Seite darum geht, in chinesisch-deutschen Wirtschaftskooperationen die Chinakompetenz der Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter zu stärken. Kultur gilt dabei auch als unverfängliche Vergleichskategorie und wird sowohl als makroperspektivische Formel für gesamtgesellschaftliche Verfasstheit als auch - mikroperspektivisch - als Humankategorie in alltagsweltlichen Theoretisierungen über »die Eigenen« und »die Anderen« verwendet. Anhand einer Interviewstudie über Zusammenarbeit in chinesisch-deutschen Wirtschaftskooperationen wird gezeigt, wie die Wahl der Vergleichskategorien komparative Perspektiven beeinflusst, die Erkenntnisse und Interpretationen des Vergleichs leiten und so mitbestimmt, was Chinakompetenz bedeutet.
The Solipsism of the Quantified Self: Working Bodies in David Foster Wallace's Body of Work
Authors: Steinhilber Dominik
Published: October 2020

Eerily prophetic in many regards, David Foster Wallace's 1996 novel »Infinite Jest«, this paper argues, can be seen to discuss the all too current phenomenon of the Quantified Self. Within its wider critique of American neoliberalism as producing a culture of solipsism, Infinite Jest portrays self-optimization through quantification in the context of labor as detrimental to the formation of stable and meaningful Selfhood and deforming the laboring body. Redefining tennis, usually a playful, non-productive activity, as a form of labor, students at Infinite Jest's Enfield Tennis Academy are prepared for the »Show«, having their bodies turned into a commodity in a marketplace of spectation. Thus, training at ETA centers on practices of self-quantification. Students' selves are exclusively understood as their body and its statistical representation in rankings, resulting in exchanges such as: »"Hey there, how are you?" "Number eight this week [...]"« The self-objectification that prepares ETA students for their work in the entertainment industry not only defers the Self but the materialist philosophy of ETA also deforms the body, creating grotesque bodies that »look [...] like a gorilla's arm [...] pasted on the body of a child«. Concurrently, digitization in Infinite Jest's entertainment industry also solipsizes and deforms the spectator. Thus, measuring the addictive potential of the »Entertainment«, a movie so effortlessly gratifying its viewers watch it until they die, the Canadian terrorists of Infinite Jest employ a macabre digital method, computing the statistical relation between how many digits viewers are willing to saw off to continue watching and the amount of time a viewer hesitates to do so. Digitization and self-quantification in postmodern capitalism endanger both the producer's and the consumer's Selfhood and body. Infinite Jest can be seen as a literary representation of the quantified self, linking materialist notions of self-quantification to neoliberal, solipsizing logic while proposing a Wittgensteinian solution to the problems arising from such a self-objectifying, materialist and poststructuralist culture. (Artistic) work, the novel continuously linking tennis to the work of the author, should be viewed as a reciprocal interaction between subjects rather than an objectified »body in commerce with bodies«.