bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kajian Model Aplikasi Pupuk Organik Cair Pengaruhnya Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Terong (Solanum melongena L.)
Authors: Haryanta Dwi , Sa’adah Tatuk Tojibatus , Thohiron Moch.
Published: July 2024

Kajian tentang pengaruh bahan baku dan konsentrasi pupuk organik cair (POC) terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman sudah banyak diteliti. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mencari teknik aplikasi pupuk organik cair yang efektif berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman terong. Percobaan faktorial dengan  perlakuan faktor satu adalah bahan baku pembuatan  Pupuk Organik Cair (POC) yang terdiri dari 8 level yaitu P1 = diberi POC  dari campuran  6 bahan baku, P2 = diberi POC dari limbah sayuran, P3 = diberi POC dari limbah buah, P4 = diberi POC dari limbah kecambah, P5 = diberi POC dari limbah makanan (catering), P6 = diberi POC dari limbah ikan lele (jerohan), dan P7 = diberi POC dari limbah potong hewan (darah). Perlakuan Faktor dua adalah cara pemberian POC yang terdiri dari disemprot (B1), disiram atau dikocor (B2), dan  disemprot dan disiram (B3). Pemberian POC dengan cara disiram atau dikocor berpengaruh paling bagus terhadap hasil tanaman terong ditunjukkan pada variabel jumlah buah  13,95 buah per tanaman dan berat buah  1.621,32 g per tanaman berbeda nyata dengan pemberian dengan cara disemprot  jumlah buahnya 8,64 buah per tanaman dan berat buah 982,09 g pert tanaman. Pengembangan tanaman sayuran dalam sistem urban farming direkomendasikan memakai POC dari limbah makanan catering yang selama ini tersedia banyak di masyarakat dan aplikasinya dengan cara disiram atau dikocor.
Penerapan Pupuk Organik Cair Ubur-ubur untuk Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Sawi (Brassica juncea L.) Varietas Samhong King
Authors: Basri Hasan , Purnamasari Retno Tri , Hidayanto Fajar
Published: July 2024

Pupuk organik cair ubur-ubur merupakan pupuk yang berasal dari tubuh hidup ubur-ubur yang diolah menggunakan proses fermentasi pengganti pupuk anorganik pada tanaman sawi varietas Samhong King. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kombinasi pupuk organik cair ubur-ubur dan pupuk urea yang tepat terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil sawi Samhong King. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan tiga perlakuan, antara lain (1) P1 = 2x aplikasi Urea 25% + seminggu sekali untuk penanaman POC Ubur-ubur 75%, (2) P2 = 2x aplikasi Urea 50% + satu kali a. minggu penanaman POC Ubur-ubur 50 dan (3) P3 = 2x pemberian Urea 75% + seminggu sekali penanaman POC Ubur-ubur 25%, kemudian masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak lima kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pupuk organik cair ubur-ubur berpengaruh terhadap variabel pengamatan tinggi daun, panjang daun, bobot segar daun, dan bobot akar tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap jumlah daun. Pada pengamatan terakhir hasil tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan pemberian 2x Urea 75% + seminggu sekali, penanaman POC Ubur-ubur 25% dengan tinggi tanaman 35 cm, panjang daun 35 cm, berat semak daun 2,003 g, dan akar segar berat 32 g. Sedangkan jumlah daun sebanyak 18 daun pada seluruh perlakuan menurut pengamatan terakhir.
Cicatrización por segunda intención de heridas quirúrgicas obstétricas y ginecológicas complicadas con absceso de pared abdominal
Authors:   Hospital Dr. Manuel Noriega Trigo, IVSS. San Francisco, Zulia, Venezuela, Romero-Méndez Mhadelyne Del Valle
Published: June 2024

Objective: Objective: To evaluate healing by secondary intention in obstetric and gynecological surgical wounds complicated by abdominal wall abscess. Methods: A prospective, descriptive, analytical, and observational study was conducted in 38 patients with abdominal wall abscess after cesarean section or gynecological surgery in whom healing by second intention of the wound was implemented. The data obtained were expressed as absolute values, in percentages and as mean + standard deviation. ANOVA was applied to analyze the factors that influenced wound closure time, considering a p-value < 0.05 as statistically significant. Results: Regarding the average general characteristics, age was 29.66 ± 10.65 years, weight 72.18 ± 14.21 kg, height 1.62 ± 0.05 meters, and body mass index 27.62 ± 4.58 Kg/m2. For risk factors, previous abdominal surgeries 44.74%, urinary tract infection 21.05%, vaginal discharge 28.95%, premature rupture of membranes 18.42%, hypertension 39.47%, diabetes 5.26%, obesity 31.58% and smoking 10.53%. The most frequent germ was Staphylococcus aureus (35.14%). A total of 52.63% required a change of antibiotic. Dressings were used in 55.26 %. It took an average of 31.30 ± 8.40 days to close the wound. Patients spent 12.61 ± 5.78 days in hospitalization. Conclusions: Good aesthetic and functional results were obtained; the use of dressings does not accelerate the wound healing time.
Cribado prenatal de aneuploidías mediante análisis de ácido desoxirribonucleíco libre total circulante en plasma materno. Revisión narrativa
Authors:   Instituto de Investigaciones Genéticas. Facultad de Medicina. La Universidad del Zulia. Maracaibo. Venezuela., Morales de Machín Alisandra , Machín Cáceres Enrique
Published: June 2024

The non-invasive prenatal test is a screening method for fetal aneuploidies and if the result is at high risk, it must be confirmed through diagnostic genetic test. It is the most sensitive and specific detection test for common fetal aneuploidies and minimizes the use of invasive techniques, only for pregnant women at high risk. Genetic counseling should be performed before and after screening. This study aims to describe the basic fundamentals of non-invasive prenatal testing by analyzing free circulating deoxyribonucleic acid in maternal plasma for aneuploidy screening, and the primary methods and advances in molecular biology, including next-generation sequencing technologies, which have facilitated it, considering its benefits and limitations when applying it in clinical practice, in this rapidly changing field.
Evaluation of Genotoxicity and Toxicity of Buenos Aires City Hospital Wastewater Samples
Authors: Paz M. , Muzio H. , Mendelson A. , Magdaleno A. , Tornello C. , Balbis N. , Moretton Juan
Published: June 2024

The untrated wastewaters from health centers present a potential risk aquatic ecosystems because of the content of toxic and genotoxic chemicals. The composition of these wastewaters discharged to the urban sewer system present fluctuations generated by spatial and temporal variations in the discharges of citostatics, heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Hg), antibiotics, etc. In Buenos Aires city the Hospital effluents are discharged to the sewer system with no previous treatment, in turn, the wastes of the municipal sewage system are released to the Río de la Plata, with no treatment at all. This river is also the source of water for the plants that provide drinking water to the city. The objective of this paper was the study of the genotoxicity and toxicity from Hospital San Martín wastewaters. This General Hospital releases approximately 560 m3/daily of effluents to the municipal sewer system, from. Sampling this effluent was performed seasonally, in this paper we report the results obtained in summer 2003, autumn 2004 samples. The determination of toxicity was performed with the Pseudomonas fluorescens growth inhibition test and with the determination of mitotic index in Allium root tips. On the other hand, the genotoxicity was studied with Saccharomyces cerevisiae D7 assay and with the induction of chromosomal aberrations in Allium cepa test. Each sample was assayed either after sterilization by filtration or as an XAD-2 resins extract. The summer 2003 samples were toxic and genotoxic in the Allium test when were assayed at 100% and 50% v/v dilutions, genotoxicity in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae test was also detected at 100% and 10% v/v dilutions. The samples of autumn 2004 were not genotoxic, only toxicity for Saccaromyces strain was detected when raw effluents and 100X extracts were tested. None of the wastewaters samples assayed demonstrated toxicity in the Pseudomonas fluorescens test.
Behavior of Cubaris murina Brandt (Crustacea: Isopoda) in Soil Contaminated With Glyphosate: Avoidance Tests in Laboratory
Authors: Niemeyer Júlia Carina , Santos V. C. dos , Rodrigues J. M. L. , Da-Silva E. M.
Published: June 2024

Acute tests and avoidance tests were carried out using laboratory populations of Cubaris murina, to assess their sensibility to glyphosate. The contaminant solutions were prepared by herbicide Roundup®. In the acute tests, ten offspring were confined and exposed to each treatment: soil with different concentrations of glyphosate and soil without contaminant (control). Mortality was observed after 7 days. The Spearman-Karber test was used to calculate the LC50 . In the avoidance tests, ten juveniles were put on the center of each recipient-test, with four portions of soil: three portions with different concentrations of glyphosate and one control. The preference of the isopods was registered after 1.5, 2, 3, 4 and 24 hours. ANOVA was used to verify whether there were significant differences among the mean number of isopods in each treatment and the control. The 7-d-LC50 was 35.5 mg gli/g soil. In the avoidance tests, significant differences (p < 0.05) in relation to the control, which indicated avoidance, occurred in all treatments, including 5.12 mg gli/g soil, already at 1.5 hour. The avoidance behavior was a very sensitive endpoint, assessed in low cost experiments, showing a rapid response and having an important ecological role.
Effects on Biomass of Cubaris murina Brandt (Crustacea: Isopoda) Exposed to Soil Contaminated With Glyphosate in Laboratory Studies
Authors: Niemeyer Júlia Carina , Vilaça D. , Da-Silva E. M.
Published: June 2024

Terrestrial isopods play an important role in the cycling of nutrients, contributing to the first processes of litter decomposition. In this work, organisms of Cubaris murina from laboratory cultures were used in ecotoxicity tests, to assess their sensibility to glyphosate how it affects their biomass. The contaminant solutions were prepared by herbicide Roundup®. The initial nominal concentrations were 4.8, 9.6, 14.4 and 19.2 mg glyphosate/g soil. Ten offspring of 2 to 4 days old were exposed in each treatment and in one control. All the treatments, in quadruplicate, received regularly sprays of distilled water. After five weeks, the isopods were weighed, and the mean weight of the isopods of each treatment was compared to the control, using ANOVA. Significant differences in relation to control (p < 0.001) were encountered on 14.4 and 19.2 mg gli/g soil in two repetitions of the experiment. Effects on biomass showed more sensibility than 7-d-LC50 of glyphosate to C. murina (35.5 mg gli/g soil).
The relationship between hydrothermal alteration and element accumulation in Sessile Oak (Quercus petraea L.): A case study from the Canca hydrothermal alteration zone (Gümüşhane, Türkiye)
Authors: Vural Alaaddin
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study is to investigate the element accumulation capability of oak trees, specifically focusing on their ability and characteristics to accumulate trace elements in the context of plants/trees in alteration zones. The Canca hydrothermal alteration zone (Gümüşhane, Türkiye) is located in Gümüşhane, one of Turkey's significant mining provinces, which hosts numerous mineralizations. The area has been subjected to intense hydrothermal alteration, making it particularly notable for signs of precious and base metal mineralization. Sessile oak (Quercus petraea L.) leaves were collected from the Canca hydrothermal alteration zone, and their analyses were conducted using MP-AES and ICP-MS. The trace element concentrations in the oak leaves were evaluated geostatistically, and the element distributions in the Canca area were examined using element distribution maps created by spatial geostatistical methods. When the findings were collectively evaluated, it was determined that the trace element contents in the oak leaves were generally higher than normal element contents, associated with the alteration in the area. Notably, a more significant enrichment of Mo, Cu, As, Zn, and Pb elements was found to be related to the alteration.
ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ МЕТОДОВ ОБРАБОТКИ ПОЧВЫ ГУМИНОВЫМИ ВЕЩЕСТВАМИ ДЛЯ СНИЖЕНИЯ ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЯ МЕТАЛЛАМИ
Authors: Касенова Ж. М. , Ермагамбет Б. Т. , Капсалямов Б. А. , Туяк С. Н. , Саулебекова М. Е. , Имбаева Дина , Казанкапова Майра , Искаков Е. С.
Published: July 2024

Настоящее исследование посвящено оценке экологической эффективности и определению технологических принципов очистки нефтезагрязненных почв с использованием модифицированных гуминовых препаратов. В рамках данной работы проведен литературный обзор проблемы загрязнения почв тяжелыми металлами и рассмотрены возможности применения гуминовых веществ для их очистки. Проведены экспериментальные исследования, которые показали значительное улучшение качества нефтезагрязненной почвы после обработки гуминовыми препаратами. Полученные результаты подтверждают эффективность и экологичность данного метода очистки почвы, а также привлекательность использования гуминовых веществ с финансовой точки зрения. На основе проведенных исследований предложены рекомендации для оптимизации стратегии рекультивации нефтезагрязненных почв и нефтезамазученных грунтов и дальнейшего развития данной технологии. Полученные результаты могут быть полезны как для научного сообщества, так и для практического применения в сфере охраны окружающей среды и экологического менеджмента.
OSTEOLOGIA DESCRITIVA DO MEMBRO PÉLVICO DE BOVINOS
Authors: Mothé Gabriele Barros , Dutra Camila Anselmé , Junior Aguinaldo Francisco Mendes
Published: June 2024

The pelvic limb of cattle performs essential functions for locomotion, weight support, and animal stability. Composed of robust and articulated bones, this limb is fundamental to the daily life of cattle, especially in activities such as grazing and moving over varied terrains. The main bones of the pelvic limb include the femur, tibia, fibula, tarsus, metatarsals, phalanges, and sesamoids, including the largest one, the patella. The femur, the largest bone in the limb, connects to the hip and is crucial for force transmission during walking and running. The tibia and fibula, located in the leg, support the body’s weight and allow for the flexion and extension of the knee joint. The tarsus, composed of several smaller bones, forms the ankle and facilitates foot mobility. The metatarsals and phalanges constitute the distal part of the limb, providing support and stability while walking. Studying the osteology of the pelvic limb is important for understanding the biomechanics and health of cattle. Knowing the bone structure helps veterinarians diagnose and treat injuries, as well as improve animal management and welfare practices. It is important to highlight that these detailed anatomical information are generally found in specialized books, not in scientific articles. Therefore, this article aims to describe the osteology of the pelvic limb of cattle, offering an accessible and practical reference for professionals and students in the field.
A Case Study of the Impact of University Establishment on Urbanization in Turkey's Medium-Sized City of Osmaniye
Authors: Yağcı Ceren , Erkek Dilşah , İşcan Fatih
Published: June 2024

The rapid increase in the urban population increases the space requirement of the cities and this situation causes the growth of them. As cities grow, problems such as agricultural lands, irregular settlements and destruction of natural areas arise. City managers respond to these problems with various political solutions and new technologies. Developments in computer technology are very important in analyzing the rapid changes in land use and ensuring sustainable and planned land use. In this study, the change in land cover/ use during the process of the establishment of Osmaniye Korkut Ata University in the province of Osmaniye is examined. This situation revealed that the most important dynamic that accelerates urbanization in the region is the university. The study area is Osmaniye city center and the land use change according to years in the university region (Fakıuşağı district) has been discussed. For this purpose, a pixel-based controlled classification technique was applied to satellite images of 1999 - 2009 - 2019. The city areas triggered by the university and the amount of changing land cover in the province of Osmaniye were revealed spatially and spatially with the help of satellite images of each year. It was observed that the settlement class in both Osmaniye and Fakıuşağı districts has increased considerably. While the settlement class in Osmaniye province increased 2.5 times from 1999 to 2019, the increase in Fakıuşağı district increased approximately 10 times from 1999 to 2019. It has been observed that the establishment of the university, apart from the natural population increase, increased the migration to the city and led to the opening of new zoning areas in the determined 20-year period. In this process, it has been concluded that while settlements have expanded, agricultural lands have decreased, and pastures and forests have been destructed in recent years.
Analysis of Manyas Lake Surface Area and Shoreline Change Over Various Periods with DSAS Tool
Authors: Uzun Murat
Published: June 2024

In this study, the shoreline and lake surface area changes of Lake Manyas were analysed by using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) techniques for long term (1980-2020) and annual (2022) with DSAS tool. In the study, a formula was created using NDWI, MDWI, WRI water indices and NDVI, RVI, NDMI, GCI vegetation indices over Landsat satellite images of 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2000, 2005, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020 and all months of 2022, and shoreline extraction was performed. Then, shoreline and lake surface area change were analysed over different periods with NSM, EPR, SCE, LRR statistics in DSAS tool. According to the results of the analyses, the average shoreline changes between 1980 and 2020 was 139 m according to NSM statistics, 3,5 m/year according to EPR, 243.1 m according to SCE and 3.4 m/year according to LRR. While the shoreline extended a maximum of 1599 m, the minimum value was -403 m. From 1980 to 2020, 5.85 km2 coastal accumulation, 1.03 km2 coastal erosion and 146.5 km2 permanent lake surface area data were determined on the surface area and shores of Lake Manyas. According to the monthly data of Lake Manyas for 2022, the shoreline is advancing by 18 m on average. Due to the natural dynamic process and the productive structure of the wetland system, the lake surface area reaches its widest size in April with 149.01 km2 and its narrowest area is 146.05 km2 in August. On the southern shores of Lake Manyas, reedbed development and coastal accumulation are intensely experienced with the progression of the Manyas Stream delta, while coastal erosion is observed on the northern shores.
Archaeometric Studies on Bricks from the Stratonikeia Ancient City in Caria
Authors: Elibol Tüfekçi Ayşegül , Semiz Barış , Türkoğlu Inci , Elçi Gürcan
Published: June 2024

The ancient city of Stratonikeia is located within the territory of Eskihisar Neighbourhood in Yatağan District of Muğla Province. Excavations have been undertaken at the site since 1977. Settlement at the site of the ancient city is understood to go back to the second millennium BCE. At the site it is possible to see structures from a wide time span ranging from Classical Period through the twentieth century. Within the scope of the present study, a total of 25 samples were taken from seven structures within the ancient city of Stratonikeia. This study aims to cast light onto the archaeometric characters of the brick samples, to retrieve information on their production technologies, obtain data regarding their firing temperatures and their production sites as local or imports. The samples were investigated using stereomicroscope, optical microscope, color analysis, XRF, XRD, statistical and SEM-EDS methods. Various analyses led to compatible results and the brick samples were categorized into three main groups and one subgroup. It was noted that most of the samples were fired at 750-850oC and all of them were produced with clay taken from similar clay deposits.
Phytochemical analysis and therapeutic applications of some wild edible fruits growing in Uttarakhand Himalayas
Authors: Verma Bhawana , Arya Stuti , Kabdal Tanuja , Arya Vandana , Prakash Om , Kumar Ravendra , Dubey Shiv Kumar , Rawat Dharmendra Singh , Tripathi Sonal
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the investigation was to evaluate the phytochemical composition and biological properties of indigenous wild edible fruits that grow in the Uttarakhand Himalayas in India. Plant extracts were prepared employing the cold percolation method in both nonpolar and polar solvents, i.e., hexane and methanol. Subsequent GC-MS analysis of the hexane extracts, namely Pyracantha crenulata hexane extract 01 (PCHE01), Berberis asiatica hexane extract 02 (BAHE02), Rubus ellipticus hexane extract 03 (REHE03), Ficus palmata Forssk hexane extract 04 (FPHE04), and Myrica esculenta hexane extract 05 (MEHE05), revealed the identification of more than 32, 40, 44, 53, and 48 constituents, which accounted for 74.4, 83.4, 78.9, 70.0, and 73.2% of the overall composition, respectively. The nutritional elements of Pyracantha crenulata (PC), Rubus ellipticus (RE), Myrica esculenta (ME), Ficus palmata Forsk (FP) and Berberis asiatica (BA) were also studied. The results indicated that the boron content was highest in all samples. Hexane and methanol fruit extracts were studied for their total phenolic and flavonoid content, which revealed variations. Both extracts were examined for different biological activities. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using three different methods. In vitro evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity was performed by measuring the denaturation of egg albumin protein. In the methanolic extract, the lowest IC50 value was recorded for REME3 at 7.50±0.03 µg/mL. Likewise, in the hexane extract, BAHE02 exhibited a minimum IC50 value of 4.47±0.87 µg/mL. The evaluation of antidiabetic activity of hexane and methanol extracts was carried out through an α-amylase inhibition assay. The comprehensive biological activity assays and elemental analyzes underscored the significant nutraceutical value of these plants. It was evident that these plants have the potential to serve as effective nutrient supplements and could be of considerable industrial importance in the field of the nutraceutical sector. This research is important not only from an academic perspective, but also for establishing a valuable database that can guide the sustainable use of wild edible plants.
pH and time effectiveness on azithromycin drug: A spectrophotometric approach
Authors: Saeed Adel Ahmed , Al-Salimi Mokhtar Salim , Muthanna Amani Khalid , Saleh Maysa Thabet , Ahmed Ahmed Hassan , Qasam Fadhel Mahmoud , Alwan Hadeel Adnan , Alturky Ibrahim Mukhtar , Hamood Musab Muhammed
Published: June 2024

The present study describes a straightforward method to assess the quality control and diagnostic characteristics of three different brands of film-coated azithromycin tablets. The method is based on the reduction of potassium permanganate in a slightly alkaline solution using azithromycin. The effects of acidity and time were investigated to evaluate the reliability of the method. A spectroscopic technique was used to determine the concentration of azithromycin in a sample by measuring the decrease in potassium permanganate absorbance at a specific wavelength of 547 nm. Azithromycin causes decolorization of potassium permanganate with reduction. The method allowed the determination of azithromycin concentrations ranging from 3-15 μg/mL in the final solution. The usual components present in the azithromycin tablets were observed not to interfere with the method. The results obtained for the determination of azithromycin in tablets were in good agreement with the allowed limit.
Synthesis, characterization, DFT, biological activities and molecular docking analysis of Schiff base ligand and its transition metal complexes
Authors: Todarwal Minakshee Abhijit , Tadavi Samina Karimkha , Sancheti Rakesh Suresh , Bendre Ratnamala Subhash
Published: June 2024

In this study, we synthesized a tetradentate Salen type Schiff base ligand (H2L = 6,6'-(((4-chloro-1,2-phenylene)bis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene)) bis(2-isopropyl-5-methyl-phenol)) containing N2O2 donor atoms and its analogous transition metal complexes, namely CoL, NiL, CuL, and ZnL. The ligand was prepared through the condensation reaction of 3-isopropyl-6-methylsalicyaldehyde and 4-chloro-1,2-phenylene diamine. Various spectroscopic methods viz. FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H- and 13C-NMR, ESI-MS, and elemental analysis were utilized to elucidate the synthesized compounds. The free ligand coordinates with the metal ions in 1:1 molar ratio. The bactericidal investigations of the compounds were performed against S. aureus, S. pyogenes, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa. Antimalarial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities were also studied. The DFT study was performed to optimize the geometry and evaluate the chemical reactivity parameters. The molecular docking investigation was performed to evaluate the binding interactions and binding energy of the synthesized compounds against cysteine protease SpeB and lactate dehydrogenase receptor proteins. This investigation established a good correlation between theoretical and practical outcomes.
Crystal structure of 6-amino-3-methyl-4-phenyl-2,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile
Authors: Sharma Naresh , Karmakar Indrajit , Brahmachari Goutam , Gupta Vivek Kumar
Published: June 2024

The crystal structure of the title compound, 6-amino-3-methyl-4-phenyl-2,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile, were determined by single crystal X-ray structure analysis. The compound C14H12N4O crystallizes in the triclinic crystal system with the P-1 space group (no. 2), having unit cell parameters a = 6.4788(7) Å, b = 8.8433(7) Å, c = 10.7377(9) Å, α = 103.456(7)°, β = 99.207(8)°, γ = 92.451(8)°, V = 588.55(9) Å3, Z = 2. The crystal structure was solved by direct methods using single-crystal X-ray diffraction data collected at room temperature and refined by full-matrix least-squares procedure with a final R-value of 0.0464 for 1432 observed reflections. The dihedral angle between the pyran ring and the pyrazole ring is 178.08(6)°, between the pyrazole ring and the benzene ring is 98.92(6)° and between the pyran ring and the benzene ring is 97.10(5)°. The molecules in the crystal are linked to an infinite two-dimensional network by N−H···N and C−H···π types of hydrogen bonds. Molecules are also reinforced by the π···π interaction between the pyrazole ring and the pyran ring, respectively.
Exploring the thermoluminescent characteristics of nano α-Al2O3: Influence of heating rate on glow peaks and activation energy
Authors: Mammadov Sahib , Gurbanov Muslim , Ahadov Ahmad
Published: June 2024

The thermoluminescence (TL) characteristics of nano α-Al2O3 (40 nm) under varying heating rates have been investigated. The presented data reveal a significant displacement of glow peaks to higher temperatures as the heating rate increases, accompanied by variations in the height of the TL peaks. When the glow curve plot represents the TL intensity in counts/K against temperature (K), there is a noticeable shift towards higher temperatures with increasing heating rate. The activation energy (E) calculated using the two different heating rate methods is 1.08±0.7 eV. The ln(T2M/β) graph versus 1/kTM yields an activation energy value of E = 1.15±0.1 eV. This result agrees with data from the existing literature supporting the observed thermoluminescent behaviour of nano α-Al2O3 (40 nm) at different heating rates. The TL response and luminescence efficiency are examined in relation to changes in heating rate, revealing insights into thermal quenching phenomena. Additionally, activation energy calculations based on different heating rates are explored to understand the underlying mechanisms influencing TL behavior.
Synthesis, spectral investigation, biological efficacy, and computational evaluation of the hydroxamic acid chelator and its Zn(II) metal complex with potent anticancer activity
Authors: Sharma Shubham , Thakur Maridula , Sharma Sohini , Kanwar Shamsher Singh , Kumari Meena
Published: June 2024

The biologically active Zn(II) complex [Zn(HL)2] (HL = 3-OCH3C6H4-(CO)NHO) has been synthesized by the reaction of ZnSO4 with potassium 3-methoxybenzohydroxamate (KHL, 3-OCH3C6H4CONHOK) in a 1:2 molar ratio in MeOH solvent medium simply stirring, avoiding drastic conditions and hazardous chemicals. Physicochemical (elemental analysis, molar conductivity) and spectroscopic studies (FTIR, UV-visible, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR) were conducted to characterize the complex. The coordination involving the oxygen atoms of carbonyl and hydroxamic groups (O,O coordination) and the presence of a distorted tetrahedral geometry around the complex have been inferred on the basis of computational studies. Computational investigations indicate that the complex exhibits greater stability in comparison to that of the ligand, and additional calculations were conducted to assess various chemical reactivity parameters. The biological efficacy of the complex has been evaluated through investigations of its antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and anticancer properties, complemented by DNA binding and docking analyzes. The antimicrobial activity of the ligand and the complex against selected bacteria (S. aureus, S. typhi, E. coli, S. flexneri) and fungi (R. solani, A. alternata, and F. sambucinum) was also evaluated. The complex was found to be more toxic against the bacterial species S. typhi and E. coli and showed efficient inhibitory activity against the fungi F. sambucinum and A. alternata. The results were compared with the standard antibacterial drug tetracycline and the antifungal drug amphotericin B. In vitro cytotoxicity assessments were performed using L20B cell lines, which are malignant mouse cells expressing the human poliovirus receptor (CD155), and Rhabdomyosarcoma RD cancer cell lines derived from muscle tissue. The findings revealed decreased cell viability, which is correlated with the increase in the concentrations of the test compounds, demonstrating potent anticancer activity specifically against rhabdomyosarcoma cancer cell lines. Additionally, molecular docking investigations were performed to explore the molecular interactions between the ligand, the complex, and the crystal structure of the A. alternata allergen (3V0R), further supporting the efficacy of both the ligand and the complex.
Exploring solvatochromism in Nile Blue 690 dye: Evaluating dipole moments across the ground and excited states
Authors: Hirematada Darukaswamy Tulahalli , Patil Mallikarjun Kalagouda , Inamdar Sanjeev Ramchandra , Goudar Kotresh Mare
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the photophysical properties of Nile Blue 690 (NB-690) dye using spectroscopic techniques. Absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to analyze NB-690, revealing pronounced bathochromic shifts in both absorption and fluorescence spectra, indicative of the π → π* transition. The study focuses on estimating ground- and excited-state dipole moments of NB-690 through solvatochromic shifts in absorption and fluorescence spectra. Various computational methods, including the Bilot-Kawski approach for ground state dipole moment computation, and the Reichardt correlation, the Bakhshiev, the Lippert-Mataga, and the Kawski-Chamma-Viallet methods for calculating the excited state dipole moment, were utilized. The results demonstrate excited-state dipole moment values of 6.922, 5.529, 5.529, 5.529, and 4.615 D, respectively, using the Lippert-Mataga, Bakhshiev, Kawski-Chamma-Viallet and solvent polarity correlation approaches. Significantly, the excited state dipole moment surpasses the ground state dipole moment, attributed to the significant π-electron density redistribution upon excitation. Intriguingly, both excited- and ground-state dipole moments align parallel to each other at a 0° angle. In general, these findings underscore the potential utility of NB-690 in optoelectronic applications, highlighting its responsiveness to environmental signals and providing valuable information for further exploration in the field.
Exploring medicinal potential and drug delivery solutions of Celastrol from the Chinese "Thunder of God Vine"
Authors: Ren Zimo , Coghi Paolo
Published: June 2024

Tripterygium wilfordii (TRWI), known as 'Thunder of God Vine' or 'Lei Gong Teng' in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is a perennial vine that has been used for centuries for its potent therapeutic properties. This plant, which belongs to the Celastraceae family, has been documented in various TCM texts, where it has been attributed with a wide range of benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic, and anti-autoimmune activities. Central to the medicinal potential of TRWI is celastrol, a triterpenoid with extensive pharmacological activities. Research on celastrol has revealed its effects on combating inflammation, oxidative stress, cancer proliferation, and neurological disorders. However, celastrol’s high toxicity, low water solubility, and limited stability pose challenges for its clinical application. In this review, we explore the chemical structure of celastrol, emphasizing its key pharmacological activities and the structure-activity relationships (SARs) that influence its efficacy and toxicity. Various studies have demonstrated that modifications at specific sites, such as the C-29 carboxylic group, C-6, and C-3, can enhance celastrol’s therapeutic potential while reducing adverse effects. Moreover, recent advances in drug delivery systems offer promising avenues to overcome the inherent limitations of celastrol. These include direct modifications such as PEGylation and indirect modifications through encapsulation in dendritic polymers, phytosomes, liposomes, and exosomes. Each method seeks to improve celastrol bioavailability, water solubility, and target capabilities, thus enhancing its clinical viability. The objective of this review is to synthesize current knowledge about celastrol’s therapeutic potential and discuss the future of its development in drug delivery and pharmaceutical applications. These findings could open the door to new treatment methods that combine traditional remedies with modern pharmacology, helping us unlock the complete potential of celastrol in clinical use.
Exploring the influence of ionic liquids on bimetallic gold nanoclusters and cellobiose through DFT analysis
Authors: Pillegowda Manohar , Lenkennavar Susheela Krishnappa , Periyasamy Ganga
Published: June 2024

We conducted density functional theory (DFT) studies to investigate the potential cleavage of cellobiose into smaller fragments in an ecofriendly manner using bimetallic nanoclusters in an ionic liquid (IL) medium. The presence of IL solvent layers notably influences the behavior of gold clusters during the binding. Our study involves the simultaneous consideration of metal clusters and ILs to compute cellobiose structures. Our computational analysis reveals weak interactions between IL and cellobiose, whereas metal clusters exhibit robust binding to cellobiose via glycosidic oxygen. Introducing heterogeneity in metal clusters enhances their binding to cellobiose. Incorporation of hetero-metals induces polarization in the clusters, leading to dipole formation, as indicated by the electrostatic potential maps of halogenated clusters. Among the investigated clusters, those containing [Au3Br(6IL)] exhibit notably strong binding to cellobiose, weakening the glycosidic bond by up to 7%. However, despite the strong interaction with metal clusters in an IL solvent, cleavage of the glycosidic bond remains elusive.
El-Meliku’d-Dillîl İmruülkays'ın Konstantiniye Yolunda Gönül Dünyasından Yansımalar
Authors: Yenice Mehmet , Akcaoğlu İsmail
Published: June 2024

Cahiliye dönemi adı verilen İslam öncesi dönemde yaşayan insanların hayatında şiirin özel bir yeri vardır. Çünkü bu dönemin insanları çevrelerinde olup biten önemli olaylar ile ilgili duygu, düşünce ve fikirlerini şiirleri ile ifade etmişlerdir. Bu dönemin önemli temsilcilerinden birisi kabul edilen İmruülkays’ın şiirlerinde de farklı duygu yansımaları görülmektedir. İmruülkays, Necid’te Kinde Krallığı’nı kuran Kinde kabilesine mensup olup yaşadığı toplumda önde gelen birisidir. Dedesi Kinde Kralı Hâris b. ‘Amr, babası Hucr’u, Esed ve Gatafan kabilelerini yönetmekle görevlendirmiştir. İlerleyen dönemlerde babasının Esed kabilesi mensupları tarafından öldürülmesi şairin hayatında bir dönüm noktası olmuş ve sonraki hayatını babasının intikamını almak için yaşamıştır. Bu yeni yaşantısı onun farklı duygusal davranışlara, acı ve ıstıraplara düşmesine neden olmuştur. Yaşadığı bu acı ve ıstıraplardan dolayı çaresizce krallığını ayakta tutabilmek için yardım alabileceği tüm kapıları ısrarla dolaşmasından dolayı kendine “Meliku’d-dillîl/yolunu şaşırmış kral” lakabı verilmiştir. Şairin isimleri arasında Hunduc, Cunduh, ‘Adiy ve Müleyke olduğu halde, hayatla çok mücadele ettiği için “şiddet ve mücadele adamı” anlamında İmruülkays ismi şöhret bulmuştur. İmruülkays, içinde beslediği mücadele anlayışıyla Kinde Krallığı’nı yeniden kurmak için Konstantiniye’de bulunan Bizans İmparatoru Jüstinyen’den yardım istemek üzere Konstantiniye’ye gitmiş ve bu onun son yolculuğu olmuştur. Dönüş yolunda İmparatorun gönderdiği zehirli kaftanı giyen İmruülkays, Ankara’da vefat etmiş ve burada defnedilmiştir. Araştırmamızda şairin Konstantiniye yolculuğunda söylediği rivâyet edilen kaside-i râiyesi üzerinden bizlere yansıyan duygu ve düşüncelerini tanımaya çalışacağız.
Fıkıh-Kıraat İlmi Bağlamında Teklîfî Hükümlerden “Vâcip” Kavramının Analizi
Authors: Yalçın Yunus
Published: June 2024

Bu çalışma, fıkıh ve kıraat ilimleri arasında ortak bir çalışmadır. Kıraat ilmi Kur’ân âyetlerindeki kelimelerin farklı okunuş keyfiyetlerini bildiren bir ilimdir. Âyetlerdeki okunuş farklılıkları olan kıraat vecihleri ise Kur’ân’ın kendisini oluşturan cüzler olması açısından şer‘î delillerdendir. Fıkıh usûlü şer‘î delillerden nasıl hüküm çıkarılacağını bildiren bir ilim dalı olup fıkıh ise bu usul ile çıkarılan hükümlerin sistematik olarak ele alınmasından ibarettir. Şer‘î delillerden çıkarılan şer‘î hükümler iki kısma ayrılır. Bunlar teklîfî ve vaz‘î hükümlerdir. Bu çalışmanın genel konusu, teklîfî hükümlerdir. Çalışmanın özel konusu ise teklîfî hükümlerden vâcip kavramının mâhiyeti hakkındadır. Bu çalışmada teklîfî hükümlerin tamamının ele alınması, konunun derinlemesine incelenmesine mâni olacağından, çalışma vâcip kavramının mâhiyeti ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın, teklîfî hükümlerin mezheplere göre sayısını, mâhiyetini ve diğer ilimlere yansımasını göstermesi açısından önem arz ettiği düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışma, teklîfî hükümlerden vâcip kavramının, kıraat ilminin en önemli meselelerindeki mâhiyetini tespite yöneliktir. Bu meseleler, kıraat ilmi, tevcid ilmi ile vakf ve ibtidâ ilminin öğrenilip öğretilmesinin vâcip olmasıdır. Çünkü vâcip kavramının, şer‘î ve ıstılahî kısmı olduğu gibi mükellefler itibara alınarak aynî ve kifâî kısmı da bulunmaktadır. Kıraat alanında bazı meseleler hakkında aynî vâcip, bazısı hakkında kifâî vâcip, bazısı hakkında şer‘î vâcip ve bazısı hakkında da ıstılahî vâcip hükmü verilmiştir. Bu çalışmada şer‘î vâcibin farz ile eşit olduğu tespit edilmiş; ıstılahî vâcibin ise sünnet ile eşit olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Çünkü ıstılahî vâcip kapsamında tespit edilen hükümler ya Hz. Peygamber’in (s.a.v) sözüne ya da fiiline dayanmaktadır.
Ankebût Sûresi 45. Ayetin İbadet-Ahlak İlişkisi Çerçevesinde Tahlili
Authors: Eryiğit Salih
Published: June 2024

İbadet ile ahlak arasındaki ilişki geçmişten günümüze üzerinde çokça durulan bir mesele olmuştur. Bunun sebebi, başta namaz olmak üzere, ibadetlerini yerine getiren Müslümanların bir kısmının, günah sayılan fiilleri işlemeye devam etmesi sebebiyle yapılan bu ibadetlerin ne anlam ifade ettiğini anlama çabasıdır. Bu konuya ışık tutan ayetlerden bir tanesi bizim de çalışmamıza konu edineceğimiz Ankebût suresinin 45. ayetidir. Ayet dört kısa cümleden oluşmakta ve okunduğunda zihinde belli bir mana belirmektedir. Bunun-la birlikte cümlelere daha yakından bakıldığında karşımıza çok farklı anlamlar çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada müfessirlerin farklı bakış açıları tespit edilmeye çalışılacaktır. Ayet öncelikle cümle cümle tahlil edilecek, her bir cümle ile alakalı müfessirlerin görüşleri ele alınacaktır. Bu yapılırken, “Bir mümin namaz kıldığı hâlde kötülüklerden vazgeçmiyorsa kıldığı bu namazın değeri nedir? Namaz kılmadığı hâlde ahlaklı oldu-ğunu ve kendi durumunun namaz kılanlardan daha iyi olduğunu iddia eden bir kimsenin durumu nedir? Ayette geçen zikrullâh ifadesinden kasıt nedir? Zikrullâhın namaz kılmak ile bir bağlantısı var mıdır?” sorularına cevap aranacaktır. Netice olarak, namazın değerli bir ibadet olduğu ve mutlaka kulun namazını kılmaya devam etmesi gerektiği, namazın mümini aynı zamanda ahlaklı bir birey kılma gibi bir fonksiyo-nunun olduğu, bu sebeple kuldan sosyal hayatta daha ahlaki bir tavır sergilemesi gerektiği tespit edilmiş-tir. Yine kılınan namazın ahlaki bir netice doğurabilmesi için o namazda bazı özelliklerin bulunması ge-rektiği ortaya konulmuştur.
Hanefî Usûlündeki Sebeb ve İllet Kavramları Bağlamında Haksız Fiil Sorumluluğunda İlliyet Bağı Unsuru
Authors: Ateş Üveys
Published: June 2024

Hukuka aykırı bir şekilde gerçekleştirilen, başkasına maddi veya manevi zarar verici nitelikteki eylemlere hukuk dilinde haksız fiil adı verilmektedir. Haksız fiilin failinin bu fiili neticesinde oluşan zararı tazmin yükümlülüğünün veya zarara terettüp eden cezaya muhatap olma durumunun söz konusu olabilmesi, haksız fiil ile zarar arasında uygun bir illiyet bağının bulunması şartına bağlıdır. Bu itibarla illiyet bağı terimi, hem borçlar hukukunu hem de ceza hukukunu ilgilendiren önemli bir kavramdır. Kavram İslâm hukukunda bu isimle geçmese de fıkıh usûlü eserlerinde ele alınan “sebep”, “illet” ve “şart” terimleri bu kavramla doğrudan ilişkilidir. Özellikle Hanefî fıkıh usûlü kaynaklarında bu üç terim daha ayrıntılı ve sistematik bir biçimde ele alınmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Hanefî usûlü esas alınarak sebep, illet ve şart terimlerinin kavramsal çerçevesi ve kısımları üzerinde durulup bu terimlerin modern hukuktaki illiyet bağı kavramıyla ilişkisi ortaya konulmuş, buradan hareketle haksız fiil sonucu oluşan zararın gerek hukuki gerekse cezai sorumluluğunu faile yüklemede illiyet bağı unsurunun önemi ve etkisi, Hanefîlerin sebep, illet ve şart nazariyeleri bağlamında incelenmiştir.
Zuhruf Sûresi 88. Âyet Bağlamında Dilbilimsel Tefsirin İmkânı
Authors: Pak Süleyman
Published: June 2024

Kur’an âyetlerinin dil kuralları çerçevesinde yorumlanmasına genel olarak dilbilimsel tefsir denmektedir. Bu manada âyetler lügat, sarf ve nahiv, kıraat, belagat vb. yönüyle incelenmektedir. Âyetlerdeki ilâhî muradı dilsel yönden anlama faaliyeti Kur’an’ın nüzulü ile başlamış, bu yöntem daha sonra sahabe ve tabiin dönemlerinde şartlara göre genişleyerek varlığını sürdürmüştür. Tedvin devrine gelindiğinde dilbilimsel çalışmalar daha sistemli bir yapıya kavuşmuş Garîbü’l-Kur’ân, Meâni’l-Kur’ân ve İ‘râbü’l-Kur’ân adı altında eserler yazılmaya başlanmıştır. Günümüze kadar bütün tefsirlerde âyetlerin dilbilimsel yönden izahına önem verilmiştir. Nitekim Kur’an, nazil olduğu Arapçanın bütün yapısal ve üslup özelliklerini taşımakta, muhatabıyla canlı bir iletişim kurmaktadır. Ancak bazı âyetler lafız ve mana yönüyle içerisinde kapalı ifadeler barındırmaktadır. Gramer yönünden birden çok seçeneği içinde barındıran âyetlerden biri de Zuhruf sûresi 88. âyettir. Âyetin kıraat bakımından farklı vecihleri bulunmakta ve bu yüzden cümlenin ögeleri üzerinden farklı yorumlar yapılmaktadır. Âyette geçen vâv harfinin işlevi ve kendinden sonra gelen cümlenin konumu üzerine birçok takdir bulunmaktadır. “Kîl” kelimesinin mensub okunuşunu esas alanlar vâvı atfiyye, kasem harfi olarak kabul edenler ise âyeti yemin cümlesi olarak açıklamaktadır. Kelimenin mecrur, mensub ve merfu olmak üzere her üç okunuşunda ortak nokta, cümlenin bir şekilde kasemle ilişkilendirilmiş olmasıdır. Bu durum farklı kıraatler arasındaki anlam uyumunun ortaya çıkarılması yönüyle son derece önemlidir. Nitekim mecrur ve mensub okuyuş mütevatir kıraattir, ancak merfu okunuş kıraat-ı seb’anın dışında olsa da yine caiz sayılmıştır. Kıraatlerin aralarında mana bütünlüğü kurulacak şekilde tevil edilmesi Kur’an’ın iç bütünlüğü açısından fevkalade mühimdir. Bu bağlamda çalışma örnek âyet üzerinden dilbilimsel tefsirin imkânını incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Filistinli Yazar Abdullah Bergûsî’nin Yoldaki Mühendis: Gölgelerin Prensi Adlı Eserinin Hapishane Edebiyatı Bağlamında Tahlili
Authors: Güceyüz İsa , Önal Reyhan
Published: June 2024

“Hapishane edebiyatı” olarak bilinen edebü’s-sücûn, modern dönemde adını sıkça duyuran ve cezaevinde bulunan kişilerin deneyimlerini ele alan bir alan olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Bu tür, mahkûmların hükümlüyken veya cezaları tamamlandıktan sonra yazdığı eserleri ve bu eserlerin incelenmesini ifade etmektedir. Özellikle siyasi istikrarsızlık yaşayan bölgelerde hapishane edebiyatı gelişme göstermiş ve bu tür, uzun yıllar işgale maruz kalan Filistin’deki edebiyat çalışmalarında da belirgin bir rol oynamıştır. Filistin’de toprakları gasp edilen çok sayıda kişi, 1917’den bu yana devam eden işgale karşı direniş gösterdikleri için hapse atılmışlardır. Bu direnişçilerden biri de 67 kez müebbet ve 5 bin 200 sene hapis cezasına çarptırılan mühendis Abdullah Bergûsî’dir. Bergûsî, hapis öncesi yaşamı ağırlıkta olmak üzere hapis öncesi ve sonrası yaşamını Yoldaki Mühendis: Gölgelerin Prensi adlı otobiyografik eserde ele almıştır. Çalışmada, Bergûsî’nin Yoldaki Mühendis: Gölgelerin Prensi adlı eseri hapishane edebiyatı bağlamında incelenmiştir. İnceleme sürecinde, eserin detaylı bir özeti sunulmuş ve ardından sanatsal ve edebî tahlili yapılmıştır. Yapılan değerlendirmelerde, eserin sade ve anlaşılır bir üslupla kaleme alındığı ve yazılış amacının edebî kaygıdan ziyade direniş öyküsünü hapishane duvarlarının ötesine taşımak olduğu görülmüştür.
İbn Rüşd'de Duyumsama
Authors: Göktaş Hatice
Published: June 2024

Bu çalışmada İbn Rüşd felsefesinde bilginin kaynaklarından biri olan duyular, duyumsamanın mahiyeti bağlamında incelenmiştir. İbn Rüşd’e göre duyumsama/duyusal idrak, akli bir varlık olarak tümel anlamın idrak edilme aşamasının başlangıcıdır. Kuvve halinde bulunan duyu güçleri duyusal idrak esnasında duyu nesnelerinin onları aktif hale getirmesiyle bilfiil hale gelirler ve duyumsama gerçekleşir. Duyular, duyu nesnelerinin kendilerini değil formlarını kabul ederler ve kabul ettikleri bu form ile kabul esnasında bir ve aynı şey olurlar. Çalışmada İbn Rüşd’e göre duyusal formun dış dünyadaki duyu nesnesine uygun olmama yani duyu yanılsamasının nedenleri üzerinde durulmuştur. İbn Rüşd, duyu güçlerinin kendilerine ait nesneler hakkında yanılgıya uğramayacağını savunmaktadır. Dış dünyadaki duyu nesnesinde herhangi bir değişim söz konusu olmadığı için yanılsama, nesnenin duyuda var olan formunda gerçekleşmektedir. Duyuda formun yanlış oluşturulmasının nedeni ise duyu gücünün, kendine özgü bir nesneyi değil de ortak duyu nesnesini idrak etmiş olmasıdır. Çalışmanın son kısmında modern epistemolojide duyusal bilgi olarak belirtilen duyuların kaynaklık ettiği önermelerin İbn Rüşd felsefesindeki yeri ve değerine değinilmiştir. İbn Rüşd’ün dış dünyanın gerçekliği üzerine kurduğu bir duyu teorisine sahip olduğu; bununla birlikte duyulara dayalı önermelerin gerçek anlamda bilgi seviyesinde olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.