bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in selected physicochemical parameters of breast muscles of geese from Polish conservation flocks depending on duration of the post slaughter period
Authors: Okruszek A. , Książkiewicz J. , Wołoszyn J. , Haraf G. , Orkusz A. , Szukalski G.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. In four Polish conservative flocks of Suwałki (Su), Kartuzy (Ka), Kielce (Ki) and Subcarpathian (Sb) geese, registered by FAO as domestic genetic resources the mean values of qualitative traits of breast muscles (pH15', pH30', pH45', pH24h; colour parameters: L*15', L*30', L*45', L24h, a*15', a*30', a*45', a*24h, b*15', b*30', b*45', b*24h and conductivity: EC45', EC3h, EC24h) were determined. The experimental flocks showed significant variations in the investigated parameters. The Kartuzy goose breast muscles were characterized by higher values of pH15' (6.74), pH30' (6.62), pH45' (6.56) and b*15' parameter (0.80) in comparison with the remaining flocks. Moreover, these muscles had the lowest pH24h (5.65) and values of L* parameter (L*15', L*30', L*45' and L*24h) and EC45' (3.23 mS/cm). The pH value and L* and a* parameters (except L*24h and a*24h) of the analysed flocks were decreasing, and conductivity increasing together with the time post slaughter, and the rate of changes depended on the birds’ origin. Greater differences between pH values, measured 15 min and 24 h after slaughter were stated in breast muscles from Ka (1.09) and Su (0.90) geese than from the other two flocks investigated (Ki – 0.74; Sb – 0.58). The highest increase in conductivity (from EC45' to EC24h) was affirmed in Ka and Ki muscles (3.84 mS/cm) and the lowest in breast muscles of Sb geese (2.72 mS/cm).
Tissue composition of carcass, meat quality and fatty acid content of ducks of a commercial breeding line at different age
Authors: Witak B.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Composition of carcasses and meat quality were investigated in ducks from A44 strain from the 7th to 9th week of life. Drakes and ducks in the 8th and 9th week of age were characterized by significantly higher dressing percentage and better musculature than in the 7th week. Fatness of drakes and ducks carcasses significantly increased in the 8th and 9th week of rearing and the meat : fat ratios were similar to the results obtained in ducks of the 7th week of age. Basing on pH values, faulty meat of PSE and DFD was not found. Protein and fat contents in breast and leg muscles of ducks in the tested periods of rearing indicated significantly higher nutrition value of A44 ducks’ meat in the 9th than in the 7th and 8th week of age. The fatty acid profile analysis for ducks’ muscles and fat showed that the tissues had a relatively good nutritive and processing value as regard higher unsaturated than saturated fatty acid content and high content of oleic and linoleic fatty acids. Better PUFA n-6/n-3 ratios in breast muscles and skin with subcutaneous fat than in leg muscles and abdominal fat were found.
Single nucleotide polymorphism discovery of peroxisome proliferatorsactivated receptors gamma gene and its association with carcass traits in duck
Authors: Wu Y. , Liu X. , Hou S. , Wang J.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) is thought to play a critical role in glucose and lipid metabolism and in inflammation control. The objective of this study was to detect the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in whole coding regions of PPAR-gamma gene with single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) in Peking duck Z4, Z2, Hybrid and Cherry Valley duck populations. The results showed that there were two alleles and three genotypes in the experimental populations. And one novel polymorphism, a synonymous mutation G-to-T at 213 of 5th exon, was found. The birds with homozygote (TT) was highest for carcass weight, sebum weight, percentage of sebum, abdominal fat weight, percentage of abdominal fat and IMF in four duck populations; however, for breast muscular weight and carcass net weight, the birds with heterozygote (GT) was highest in them. The association analysis results showed that the SNP of the polymorphism of PPAR-γ gene was linked with potential major loci or genes affecting some growth and fatness traits.
Multivariate analyses on morphological traits of goats in Burkina Faso
Authors: Traore A. , Tamboura H. H. , Kabore A. , Royo L. J. , Fernandez I. , Alvarez I. , Sangare M. , Bouchel D. , Poivey J. P. , Francois D. , Sawadogo L. , Goyache F.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. A total of 10,147 female goats from Burkina Faso were scored for 7 body measures and 12 qualitative traits. Sampling included the three main environmental areas and goat breeds of Burkina Faso: the Sahel area (Sahelian goat), the Sudan-Sahel area (Mossi goat) and the Sudan area (Djallonké goat). Overall, the Sahelian goat had the highest values for the all the analysed body measures. Differences between the Sudan and the Sudan-Sahel goat were little. The Burkina Faso goat is mainly spotted (61.92 %) with horns type “Spanish Ibex” (84.05 %), frequent absence of beard (75.33 %) and wattles (70.92 %) and poorly developed udder (73.72 %). The Sahelian population included most individuals with dropping (95.60 %) and curled (73.62 %) ears, whilst most Sudan-Sahel individuals had horizontal ears (73.14 %) and most Sudan individuals had vertical ears (97.88 %). The largest Mahalanobis distance was found between the Sahelian and Sudan areas (7.50) whilst the Sudan and the Sudan-Sahel populations were poorly differentiated (1.15). Discriminant analysis showed that most Sahel and Sudan-Sahel individuals were classified into their source population (79.29 % and 82.69 %) whilst the Sudan individuals (93.40 %) were classified as Sudan-Sahel individuals. Both the canonical and the correspondence analyses showed that the Sahelian and Sudan individuals tended to cluster separately whilst the Sudan-Sahel individuals showed an intermediate distribution but clearly biased toward the Sudan individuals. The Sudan-Sahel (Mossi) population can be considered a result from the genetic contact between Sahelians and Sudan goats.
Discovery of single nucleotide polymorphisms in FABP3 and leptin gene in pig (Brief Report)
Authors: Kim J. , Chung H. , Kim S. , Park H. , Kewon D.-H.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Knowledge about structural variations in genes and proteins relevant for fat traits is very important information to improve selection of breeding lines and preserve genetic variability in pig industry. The classical proteomics is a useful tool to separate and measure differentially expressed proteins in fat tissue of phenotypic different individual pigs. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the swine adipocyte fatty-acid binding protein 3 (FABP3) and leptin gene (LEP) were related to adipocyte accumulation and associated with meat quality in pigs (NECHTELBERGER et al. 2001, KULIG et al. 2001, KMIEC et al. 2003).
Determination of suitable timing, frequency and sample size of body condition scoring for herd management in Holstein herds
Authors: Yaylak E. , Akbaş Y.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. In this study, 11 526 body condition scores obtained from 1 033 lactations of 696 Holstein cows raised in 17 dairy herds enrolled in Izmir Holstein Breeders Association were used. Several scoring schedules according to days in milk (DIM) such as weekly, bi-weekly, 3- weekly, 4-weekly, 6-weekly, 8-weekly and 12-weekly were compared. As a results of this study, it was advised more frequent scoring (weekly) in the first 4-weeks and less frequent scoring (8-weekly) in the mid and the late parts of lactation. Since scoring each cow, especially in large dairies, is time consuming and high labour cost process, a group of cows reflecting group performance can be scored. For example, in the 4-weekly scheme, percentages of cows needed for each DIM group were 5 % of the number of cows available for the first 305 days of lactations. Number of cows to be scored is high at the beginning of lactation and this number decreased towards end of lactation.
Vergleichende Untersuchungen zu ausgewählten Kriterien des Energiestoffwechsels in Skelettmuskulatur, Plasma und Lymphozyten bei gesunden und an Congenitaler Myofibrillärer Hypoplasie erkrankten Ferkeln
Authors: Bull A. , Engel P. , Dzapo V.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Comparative investigations of selected criteria of energy metabolism in skeletal muscle, plasma and lymphocytes in healthy and in piglets with congenital myofibrillar hypoplasia Carnitine contents of skeletal muscle, plasma and lymphocytes, the capacity of ATPsynthesis in muscle mitochondria and lymphocytes, and the enzyme activity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I) in muscle mitochondria were determined in piglets with congenital myofibrillar hypoplasia (CMH) in comparision to their clinical healthy siblings and piglets from CMH-free litters. Tendentious differences in the relation of acylcarnitine to free carnitine in healthy piglets and piglets suffering from CMH could be detected. Healthy piglets showed in tendency superiority in the ATP-production of their lymphocytes compared with diseased animals. Depending on the applied substrate, muscle mitochondria showed tendentially differences in the ATP-production between CMH-affected and healthy litters, so that a connection between CMH and the lipid metabolism, particular the β-oxidation, is supposed. Differences in the carnitine palmitoyltransferase I-activity as a possible cause for CMH could be excluded.
Effects of dietary vegetable oil supplementation on fillet quality traits, chemical and fatty acid composition of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
Authors: Szabó A. , Romvári R. , Szathmári L. , Molnár T. , Locsmándi L. , Bázár G. , Molnár E. , Horn P. , Hancz C.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The effects of dietary fish oil (FO), soybean oil (SO) and linseed oil (LO) (12 % crude fat content each) in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) diets were tested on the fillet flesh quality, chemical and fatty acid (FA) composition, after 3 and 6 weeks of feeding. The bodyweight gain of fish and the fillet dry matter, crude protein and crude fat content was not different among the divergent treatments. High (>20 %) total n3 FA supplementation significantly increased the moisture loss of fillet (FO, LO). Applying the simple FA dilution model (JOBLING 2004a, 2004b), the incorporation dynamics of the most largely dosed FAs were accurately predictable after 3 weeks (R² between observed and estimated data for total n3 FAs: FO 0.95, LO 0.73 and for α-linolenic acid, LO 0.97). In the fillet FA composition the metabolism of n3 acids was more pronounced. The large provision of α-linolenic acid (LO) had a pronounced effect on the longchain, polyunsaturated n3 FA proportions (eicosapentaenoic and docosapentaenoic acids), while no effect was experienced on docosahexaenoic acid. This study suggests that daily bodyweight gain is not, while fillet flesh quality and FA composition is slightly compromised when fish oil is substituted for vegetable oils.
A novel mutation of the GLI2 gene associated with body weight in bovine (Bos taurus) (Brief Report)
Authors: Wang X. , Lan X. , Lai X. , Wang K. , Yu H. , Wang M. , Guo Y. , Lei C. , Chen H.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. During pituitary gland development, the actions of transcription factors control the development of the hormone-producing cell types. Defects in transcription factor genes, including PIT1/POU1F1, PROP1, GLI2, HESX1, LHX3, and LHX4, are associated with combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD) (SAVAGE et al. 2007). Removal of the mouse GLI2 gene by targeted disruption leads to an embryonic lethal phenotype with defects in early brain and spinal cord development, which include absence of the floor plate (MATISE et al. 1998). At present, no polymorphisms of GLI2 gene have been reported in bovine. In the present paper, partial 5’ flanking region, coding region and partially introns of GLI2 were screened to detect the SNPs in Chinese cattle breeds.
The GGT1 and IGFBP5 genes are associated with fat deposition traits in the pig (Brief Report)
Authors: Fan B. , Onteru S. K. , Rothschild M. F.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. In the earlier comparative linkage mapping of bone-related genes in the pig, the Gamma glutamyl transferase 1 (GGT1) gene was assigned between SWC6 and SWR84 on SSC14, and Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) gene was mapped between SW120 and SW936 on SSC15 (ONTERU et al. 2008). QTL related to average backfat and 10th rib backfat traits had been reported around these regions (http://www.animalgenome.org/cgi-bin/QTLdb, ROHRER et al. 1998, DE KONING et al. 2001, MALEK et al. 2001). Both genes did not have association with any of body conformation, feet and leg structure traits (FAN et al. 2009), but it is worth exploring whether they are associated with fatness. Here we carried out association analyses of the identified SNPs from the genes in two pig populations and investigated the possible effect of them on fat deposition traits.
Cytogenetic and radiation hybrid mapping of the bovine interleukin 4 induced 1 (IL4I1) gene to cattle chromosome 18 (Brief Report)
Authors: Rief A. , Schwerin M. , Goldammer T.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The interleukin 4 induced 1 (IL4I1) gene, also known as FIG1, encodes a lysosomal protein in B cells with L-amino oxidase (EC 1.4.3.2) property and a high preference for aromatic amino acid substrates implicating a fundamental role in antigene processing and presentation (MANSON et al. 2004). In human, IL4I1 has been assigned to chromosome 19q13.3-19q13.4, a hot spot for susceptibility to several autoimmune diseases (CHAVAN et al. 2002). Based on comparative genome data between human and cattle (GOLDAMMER et al. 2002), an assignment of IL4I1 to Bos taurus chromosome 18 (BTA18) has been predicted within a quantitative trait locus for somatic cell score (KÜHN et al. 2003). This prediction is supported by the putative bovine sequence for IL4I1, LOC520692, which has been assigned to BTA18 close to 56.1 megabases within the annotated bovine sequence (NCBI build Btau-4.0). Therefore, we started positional cloning of bovine IL4I1, as a candidate gene related to adaptive immunity, i.e. during udder infections in cattle. Here we present the physical assignment of the bovine IL4I1 gene by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and radiation hybrid (RH) mapping.
Relationships between production and fertility traits in first lactation and life time performances of Holstein cows under subtropical condition
Authors: Tekerli M. , Koçak S.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The objective of this study was to determine the relationships between milk yield and calving interval in first lactation and breeding efficiency, herd life and length of productive life of 1 293 Holstein cows maintained at Ceylanpinar State Farm in Southeast Anatolia from 1990 to 2002. The least-squares means of first lactation milk yield, lactation length and calving interval were 5 620.1 ± 76.6 kg, 315.5 ± 2.0 and 386.9 ± 2.6 days. The values for breeding efficiency, herd life and length of productive life were 94.9 %, 2 095.9 ± 34.7 and 1 257.2 ± 34.4 days. The year of first lactation had significant effect (P<0.05) on all traits except for calving interval and lactation length, and breeding efficiency was only affected by age at first insemination and age at first calving (P<0.05). Heritabilities were 0.27 ± 0.08 for milk yield, 0.02 ± 0.05 for lactation length, 0.06 ± 0.05 for calving interval, 0.05 ± 0.05 for breeding efficiency, 0.30 ± 0.08 for herd life and 0.29 ± 0.08 for length of productive life. Genetic and phenotypic correlations between different traits ranged from −0.49 to 0.99 and −0.37 to 0.99 respectively.
Cytogenetic and syntenic assignment of the bovine platelet-activating factor receptor (PTAFR) to cattle chromosome 2 (Brief report)
Authors: Goldammer T. , Schmidt P. , Weikard R.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The platelet-activating factor receptor (PTAFR) encoding gene, also known as PAFR or PAFr, belongs to the rhodopsin gene family. The receptor binds the platelet-activating factor (PAF) that has been implicated as a mediator in diverse pathologic processes. In cattle, PTAFR is associated to the reproduction process and is described as a receptor that is involved in inflammatory-like processes of the uterus associated with increased vascular permeability (TIEMANN et al. 2005). The gene sequence was recently annotated on Bos taurus (BTA) chromosome 2 at 129.4 megabases in NCBI Bos taurus build Btau_4.0. The presented data confirm this annotation by independent physical mapping methods and anchor the corresponding DNA segment to the chromosome. PTAFR was assigned by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and somatic hybrid cell (SHC) mapping.
Effect of non-protected sunflower oil supplementation on milk fatty acid profile and oxidative status in Simmental cows
Authors: Marenjak T. S. , Delaš I. , Poljičak-Milas N. , Piršljin J.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Milk production, milk composition, milk fatty acid profiles, and antioxidant status of Simmental cows supplemented with non-protected sunflower oil were studied. Ten Simmental cows in mid-lactation were appointed for change over feeding trial with one of the diet applied: the control (WSO) diet consisted of 26 % corn silage, 33 % perennial ryegrass haylage, and 41 % concentrate in dry matter (DM), and the experimental diet (SO) consisted of control diet supplemented with 2 % of unrefined sunflower oil per cow and day. The cows were kept in indoor housing system with feeding and milking system two times daily and ad libitum water supply. The milk production and standard milk components remained unchanged during the study. The partial modification of fatty acid composition was remarked with the significantly higher linoleic and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) (cis-9, trans-11 C 18:2) concentration and significantly lower palmitic acid during the SO treatment. The blood gluthathion peroxidase (GPx) activity significantly increased and the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) concentration decreased significantly in the SO treatment. The non-protected sunflower has a perceptible effect on the milk fatty acid composition in Simmental cows of our research. The lower index of lipid peroxidation and higher GPx activity in blood of cows during the SO treatment could be a consequence of the antioxidant components that are normally present in the unrefined vegetable oils. The enzyme activity reflects appropriate functioning of the antioxidant defence of cows that emphasise importance of well balanced diet during the unsaturated fatty acid supplementation.
Relationship between carbon dioxide production and performance in cattle and pigs
Authors: Jentsch W. , Piatkowski B. , Derno M.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. An extensive number of metabolic experiments have been carried out at the former Oskar-Kellner-Institute, now the ›Oskar Kellner‹ Research Unit of Nutritional Physiology at the Research Institute for the Biology of Farm Animals (FBN), Dummerstorf, on cattle, pigs and humans. Their expired amounts of CO2 having been compiled and stratified with regard to various performance and nutrition levels. The annual CO2 emission of a 700 kg cow with an annual milk yield of 10 000 kg has been estimated to be 4.7 t. With increasing food intake and performance, a concomitant increase of CO2 production per time unit has been observed. However, with increasing performance, we have determined a strong decrease of CO2 output per mass unit of animal-derived food (i.e. meat and milk). This decrease amounts to 40 % when comparing cows with 4 000 kg and 8 000 kg annual milk yields. The CO2 emission per kg dry matter (DM) intake amounts to 0.55 kg and is relatively constant, irrespective of live weight and performance. According to this, the world cattle livestock of 1.3 thousand million (UK)/billion (US) individuals produce 6 % of the total yearly CO2 emission of 30 thousand million (UK)/ billion (US) t. Similarly, in pigs, increasing daily weight gains of an additional 200 g result in a reduction of 10–15 % of CO2 emissions. Sows produce 1.5–1.7 kg CO2 daily; fattening pigs and humans each produce 1 kg CO2.
Characteristic of meat colour of different duck populations
Authors: Haraf G. , Książkiewicz J. , Wołoszyn J. , Okruszek A.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Out of 6 conservative flocks (Khaki Campbell – Kh1, Orpington – O1, Miniducks – K2, Polish Pekin – P33, Pekin originated from Danish – P8 and cross-breeds in Pekin type – SB) 60 female ducks were used for comparison (10 ducks in each group). Birds were slaughtered at 7 week of age. The investigation of breast muscles covers: determination of the colour parameters L* (lightness), a* (redness), b* (yellowness), C (saturation), ho (hue) and ΔE (colour difference), total haem pigments’ content (THP) including myoglobin (Mb), oxymyoglobin (MbO2) and metmyoglobin (MMb) content. Sensory evaluation of raw muscles’ colour intensity in 10 point scale and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of all measured parameters were also performed. Low THP and MbO2 were shown by Kh1 and P33 (THP: 3.79 and 3.74 mg/g, MbO2: 2.32 and 2.46 mg/g respectively). They were also characterized by the highest L* value of the all flocks (45.27 and 44.25 respectively) (P≤0.01, P≤0.05). The Kh1 was evaluated by the sensory panel as the lightest (5.01 conventional units [CU]) (P≤0.01). However P8 and K2 were assessed as darker than Kh1 and P33 (6.12 and 6.22 CU vs. 5.01 and 5.71 CU) (P≤0.01, P≤0.05) and also had significantly higher pigments content (4.48 and 4.57 mg/g respectively) (P≤0.01). Additionally K2 was characterized by the highest MMb content (0.48 mg/g) (P≤0.01), but this value is below the level that makes the colour undesirable. The ΔE values between flocks were in the 1.02–2.86 range. With just few exceptions, flocks with ΔE value higher than 2, differed significantly in pigments content, L* parameter, and sensory panel scores. As regards the obtained results Kh1 and P33 appeared significantly lighter than P8 and K2. Kh1 and P33 had lower pigments content, higher L* value and were assessed by a sensory panel as having lower colour intensity than P8 and K2. PCA analysis confirmed ANOVA results and also indicated large total colour variation of the samples within breeds except of O1 muscles.
Population genetic analysis of White Park Cattle in Germany
Authors: Biedermann G. , Hecht W. , Fandrey E. , Rudolph H. , Frölich K.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The population of White Park Cattle in Germany is composed of 11 males and 33 females. This group of cattle has been analysed with regards to generation intervals, coancestry, and inbreeding on the basis of three generations of ancestors. The average interval between the current and the parental generation amounts to seven years. The average coefficient of coancestry in the population is estimated to be 18 % and the average degree of inbreeding at 16 %. The rate of inbreeding in the last generation is approximately 12 %. These values exceed those reported for most breeds of production animals.
Effects of dietary vitamin E supplementation on fattening performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality traits of Karya male lambs
Authors: Atay O. , Gökdal Ö. , Eren V. , Çetiner Ş. , Yikilmaz H.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin E supplementation on performance, slaughter-carcass characteristics and meat quality traits of Karya male lambs. Lambs weaned approximately at 10 weeks of age were divided into two groups. After the 10 days adaptation period, control group (CG, n7) and vitamin E group (VEG, n=6) lambs were fed on with concentrates ad libitum and 100 g hay/lamb/day for 70 days. In addition the VEG received a supplement on concentrates of 45 mg/lamb/day vitamin E during the fattening period. The meat quality traits were determined using m. longissimus dorsi (LD) obtained from split between 12th and 13th ribs on both groups lambs. Daily gain and feed conversion efficiency were 259 g and 5.3 for CG and 266 g and 4.7 for VEG, respectively. There was no vitamin E supplementation effect on the average daily weight gain and feed conversion efficiency (P>0.05). However, VEG had 10.5 % higher feed conversion efficiency than control lambs. Slaughter and carcass characteristics of lambs were not significantly affected from vitamin E supplementation (P>0.05). There were no effects of vitamin E supplementation on lightness (L*), redness (a*), yellowness (b*) and pH during 12-day aerobic storage. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values at day 2 were not affected by the vitamin E treatment. However, TBARS values on day 4 and 8 (P<0.05), and day 12 (P<0.01) were higher in the CG than in the VEG. Although not significant, 10 % higher feed conversion efficiency in VEG animals might suggest that vitamin E supplementation is useful to improve fattening performance.
Molecular characterization of the bovine GHRL gene (Short Communication)
Authors: Colinet F. G. , Portetelle D. , Renaville R.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Bovine ghrelin, a 27 amino acid peptide, has been identified in oxyntic glands of the abomasum. It is an endogenous ligand for growth hormone secretagogue receptor and stimulates food intake and growth hormone secretion. The bovine GHRL gene was completely sequenced and consists of five exons and four introns. Like mouse and human GHRL genes, we found that the bovine GHRL gene also contains a first non-coding exon of 21 bp. The bovine GHRL gene codes for 116 amino acid peptide named preproghrelin which contains the ghrelin peptide and another peptide similar to obestatin. Sequence analysis revealed eight polymorphisms, which are located in the non-coding sequence of the gene.
Effect of SCD SNPs on milk production traits of Jersey cows (Brief Report)
Authors: Kulig H. , Kowalewska-Łuczak I. , Kmieć M.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Studies concerning associations between candidate gene polymorphisms and milk production traits in cattle are carried out on a large scale (CITEK et al. 2007, KULIG 2005). Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) is the enzyme involved in conversion of saturated fatty acids into monounsaturated fatty acids. The gene encoding SCD was mapped to bovine chromosome 26 (CAMPBELL et al. 2001), where some QTLs for fat yield and other milk production traits as well as for somatic cells count (SCC) were also identified. Some of the SNPs identified within the SCD were significantly associated with fatty acid composition in milk and in carcass fat tissue (MOIOLI et al. 2007, TANIGUCHI et al. 2004). The effect of genotypes on milk production traits and SCC in cattle has not been reported so far. The aim of this study was therefore to establish possible associations between two SNPs in the SCD and milk production traits and SCC in Jersey cows.
Comparison of Mangalica and Hungarian Large White pigs at identical bodyweight: 2. Fatty acid regiodistribution analysis of the triacylglycerols
Authors: Szabó A. , Horn P. , Romvári R. , Házas Z. , Fébel H.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. At identical bodyweight values (130 kg) Mangalica and Hungarian Large White tissue (liver, kidney, heart and skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, spleen and lung) triacylglycerol (TAG) fatty acid distribution analysis was performed, to describe tissue types and possible genotype-associated differences. Tissue TAG was partially hydrolyzed with hog pancreatic lipase, and the fatty acid profile of 2-monoacylglycerols (2MAG) and TAGs was analyzed by gas-chromatography. All extrahepatic tissues provided marked central (sn-2) saturated fatty acid (SFA) (mostly palmitate) recruitment, while liver 2MAGs were mainly aclylated by unsaturated fatty acids (UFA). Inter-genotype differences were minor: in adipose tissue in Mangalica the total palmitate moiety was found in the 2MAGs, while in the liver docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids were only found in the Mangalica 2MAGs. In conclusion, the direct analysis results of the 2MAGs in six extrahepatic organs and in the liver provided evidence that the building-up of the characteristic porcine TAG structure is located at a post-hepatic site, being true for most of the organs in the pig body.
Effect of PrP genotype on milk traits in Bovška sheep
Authors: Kastelic M. , Horvat S. , Kompan D.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of PrP genotype on milk traits in the Slovenian autochthonous Bovška sheep breed. The estimated population size is 3 700 animals, half of which are included in the selection programme. Genetic resistance for scrapie, a well known prion disease, is determined by the genotype at the PrP locus. In 2003, the Slovenian National Scrapie Programme following EU Regulations was introduced to control scrapie by selecting out the less resistant genotypes and until 2008, a total of 1 875 ewes were genotyped. This study determined frequencies of PrP alleles in Bovška sheep, AHQ 17.32 %, ARH 7.30 %, ARQ 57.14 %, ARR 17.12 % and VRQ 1.12 %, which were very similar to frequencies in other European breeds. The PrP genotype had a significant effect on milk, protein and lactose yield produced in lactation, but the productivity of the most resistant ARR/ARR homozygotes was similar to breed average and did not statistically differ from other genotypes. Heterozygotes AHQ/ARH, AHQ/ARQ and ARH/ARQ exhibited significantly higher productivity compared to respective homozygotes but not from the most resistant ARR/ARR genotype. It is expected therefore that increased frequency of the ARR allele or even its exclusivity will not directly influence the productivity of the breed. However, a careful management programme favouring resistant PrP genotypes should be implemented to reduce potential negative effects of productivity due to reduced selection potential or inbreeding.
Polymorphism of the kappa-casein gene in two Bosnian autochthonous cattle breeds
Authors: Brka M. , Hodžić A. , Reinsch N. , Zečević E. P. , Dokso A. , Djedović R. , Rukavina D. , Kapur L. , Vegara M. , Šabanović M. , Ravić I.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Buša is an old endangered autochthonous breed of the western Balkan, especially Bosnia-Herzegovina, Kosovo and Albania. A related breed is Gatačko, derived from Buša × Tirolean Grey crossbreds. Fifteen purebred Buša cattle and thirteen Gatačko animals were genotyped for polymorphisms at the kappa-casein gene by a Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) essay. The alleles A, B and C were found and the allelic frequencies were 0.46 (A), 0.46 (B) and 0.08 (C) in Buša cattle and 0.58 (A) and 0.42 (B) in Gatačko. Only AA, AB, BB and BC genotypes occurred. Further alleles were not detected and are therefore either absent in both populations or rare. The allele »B« found in this small population will be useful for a sire selection program in the future.
Tracking possibilities in the poultry sector – a review
Authors: Tóth Á. , Kovácsné Gaál K. , Turcsán Z. , Ásványi-Molnár N. , Ásványi B. , Szigeti J. , Fébel H.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. In accordance with the regulations, the Cross Compliance law in Hungary is estimated to be put into practice from 2009, with which the tracking, registration and marking of animals, furthermore the food safety will receive a more elaborated role. That is why we provide a full-scale review of traceability opportunities of the poultry sector. The Poultry Information System (PIS) could create a more perspicuous poultry sector, however, its extremely high need of administration is an obligation hard to put up with for the breeders. The means of bird marking, such as the use of leg bands, wing tags, nasal markers, and the individual marking with transponders, based on radio-frequency identification were developed in order to overcome the growing need of complying the rules of food safety. The most up to date mean of marking in the poultry sector is the RFID (radiofrequency identification) technology.
Selection indexes for genetic improvement of yearling weight in Egyptian buffaloes
Authors: Shahin K. A. , Abdallah O. Y. , Fooda T. A. , Mourad K. A.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Estimates of genetic and phenotypic parameters for body weight at birth, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of age, and for preweaning and postweaning average daily gain were computed and used to construct 14 selection indexes to improve the 12-month weight in Egyptian buffaloes. The full index incorporating body weight at birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age had the highest correlation with aggregate breeding value (rTI=0.63). The correlation fell to 0.62 when body weight at birth and 3 months were omitted from the index. Selection for body weight at 12 months of age alone is expected to be 76.2 % as efficient as selection for the full index. The maximum expected genetic gain in 12-month body weight was 8.85 kg/generation when all five body weights were included in the index; this decreased to 8.09 kg/generation when body weights at birth, 3 and 6 months were excluded and further decreased to 6.94 kg/ generation when selection based on yearling weight only. From the practical standpoint, selection on I5 involving body weight at 9 month of age can be considered as the best for improving body weight at 12 month since its application is earlier, less expensive, higher accuracy than any index excluding body weight at 12 month and giving reasonable amount (+5.39 kg) improvement in yearling weight as compared to direct selection (+6.94 kg).
Production, quality and fatty acid composition of milk of Serbian White goat
Authors: Zujovic M. , Ivanovic S. , Stojanovic Z. , Lilic S.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. This paper investigates the duration of the first and the second lactation, total and daily milk yield and chemical composition in Serbian White goat. Standard examination methods were used. Total and daily milk yields were significantly higher in the second lactation. Total solids, fat, lactose, crude protein, casein, serum protein and ash content in both lactations were similar and did not show statistically differences. Saturated fatty acid (SFA) content was 70.92 % in the first lactation and 72.01 % in the second; unsaturated fatty acid (USFA) content was 26.73 % and 23.50 %, respectively. Unsaturated and saturated fatty acid relation was 0.38 in the first lactation and 0.33 in the second; polyunsaturated (PUFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) relation was 0.13 and 0.13, respectively. It was concluded that Serbian White goat in half-intensive breeding system can produce milk of good quality for consumption as well as good raw material for cheese production.
Analysis of association of two SNP in cholecystokinin B receptor gene with behaviour scores in German Angus and German Simmental cattle (Brief Report)
Authors: Glenske K. , Brandt H. , Gauly M. , Erhardt G.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Behaviour including temperament of cattle especially suckler cows is important for the safety of stockmen and animals. The temperament of cattle can be defined as the answer to human handling situations (BURROW 1997) and can be measured for calves in different tests like tethering test, weighing test or separation- and restraint test (TULLOH 1961, BOISSY and BOUISSOU 1988, LE NEINDRE et al. 1995). The heritabilities for behaviour-traits ranged from 0.02 to 0.33 (GAULY et al. 2002). In this study the cholecystokinin B receptor gene is analysed. This candidate gene is important in the regulation of anxiety in rats (WANG et al. 2005) and in humans (HÖSING et al. 2004). In different tests with CCKBR-knockout mice they show more exploratory activity than the wild type mice (RAUD et al. 2003) and less anxious behaviour (HORINOUCHI et al. 2004).
Porcine prolactin receptor genotypes and production and reproduction traits in Hungarian Large White and Landrace sows (Brief Report)
Authors: Kovacs K. , Fesus L. , Zsolnai A. , Nyiri A. , Anton I.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Prolactin is an anterior pituitary hormone involved in many endocrine activities and plays and essential role in reproduction. Its receptor (PRLR) was detected in various tissues including brain, ovary, placenta, an uterus in several mammalian species (BOLE-FEYSOT et al. 1998). Reproductive performance of sows is a crutial point in pig production with significant economic importance and may be estimated with the help of markers. Porcine prolactin receptor gene is said to be a candidate genetic marker for reproductive traits. It has been mapped to porcine chromosome 16 (Vincent et al. 1997). There is a C/G SNP in PRLR gene (KMIEC et al. 2001) at the position of 203 (GAN: U96306) which eliminates an AluI cleavage site. The effect of this polymorphism on litter size in various breeds has been estimated (VINCENT et al. 1998, ROTHSCHILD et al. 1998, VAN RENS et al. 2002, KMIEC and TERMAN, 2004, DRÖGEMÜLLER et al. 2001, KORWIN-KOSSAKOWSKA et al. 2003). The influence of the bovine hormone variant was also estimated (RATNA-KUMARI et al. 2008). The aim of the study was to estimate PRLR AluI polymorphism effects on litter size in Hungarian Large White (HLW) and Hungarian Landrace (HL) breeds.
Effect of selected factors on mineral parameters in plasma of cows
Authors: Soch M. , Broucek J. , Srejberova P.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Objective of this paper was to evaluate the effects of herd, exploitation, management system, and season on blood macro and micro-minerals in cows kept in a mountainous region. The cows were kept in four herds, two exploitation manners, and two systems. Concentrations of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) were significantly differed in the factors of herd and exploitation only, levels of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) showed differences in all factors. Beef animals had higher level of P than dairy exploitation (1.59 mg.L−1 vs. 1.42 mg.L−1; P<0.01) and lower level of Ca (2.10 mg.L−1 vs. 2.33 mg.L−1; P<0.001). Higher concentrations of Cu and Zn were recorded in dairy exploitation (0.91 mg.L−1, 1.17 mg.L−1) versus beef exploitation (0.67 mg.L−1, 0.86 mg.L−1) (P<0.001). We found higher concentrations in Cu (0.84 mg.L−1 vs. 0.62 mg.L−1 , P<0.001) and Zn (1.06 mg.L−1 vs. 0.96 mg.L−1, P<0.05) in non-ecological system. There were higher values of Cu and Zn in fall than spring (0.90 mg.L−1 and 1.10 mg.L−1 vs. 0.67 mg.L−1 and 0.93 mg.L−1) (P<0.001).
Relationships between the polymorphism of myosin heavy chains and selected meat quality traits of pigs with different susceptibility to stress
Authors: Grześ B. , Pospiech E. , Koćwin-Podsiadła M. , Łyczyński A. , Krzęcio E. , Mikołajczak B. , Iwańska E.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The aim of the investigations was to analyse the share of myosin heavy chains (MHC) isoforms (type I, IIa, IIb, and IIx) in the longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle derived from pigs of different RYR1 genotypes (TT – homozygous negative, CT – heterozygous, CC – homozygous positive). The composition of the MHC isoforms in the muscle tissue of the examined animals was referred to selected meat quality traits. It was revealed that the animals with the CT and TT genotypes were characterized by a significantly (P≤0.05) lower share of the type I and higher share of the type IIb MHC isoform in comparison to homozygotes CC. Inferior tenderness and water holding capacity of meat obtained from pigs susceptible to stress (TT) at 144 h after slaughter could have been associated, among others things, with the increased share of MHC isoform type IIb. The composition of MHC isoforms might be a useful indicator in breeding work in the selection of animals carrying the gene of susceptibility to stress.
Environment discomfort and ability to sustain the performance level during life time under the sub-tropical conditions in imported Holstein Friesian young cows
Authors: Marai I. F. M. , El-Darawany A.-H. A. , Nasr A. M. S. , Shehata M. A.-H.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. In the present study, the Holstein Friesians were imported from Germany to the sub-tropical environment in Jordan as pregnant (between 5 and 7 months) heifers. The study included some performance traits as affected by season of the year, parity and classes of each of milk yield, lactation period and days open. The results indicated that the animals were exposed to severe heat stress during summer and to mild climate (without heat stress) during autumn and winter. Days open, lactation period and calving interval values were higher (P<0.05) in summer than in autumn The estimated average deviations percentage occurred as a result to the inadequate conditions was 37.8 for imported young cows, when considering that the optimum comfort environmental temperature for Holstein cattle as 10 °C. Effects of parity were significant (P<0.001 or 0.01) on days open, number of inseminations per conception, milk yield and calving interval. The estimated values were higher (P<0.05) in the second parity than in the other parities. Average deviations in the traits in different parities, relatively to the values of the same traits in the first parity, was estimated as 10.33 %. When studying the effects of some trait classes, it was found that days open and number of services per conception increased (P<0.001) with the increase in classes of milk yield, dry period and calving interval also increased (P<0.001) with the increase in classes of lactation period, and lactation increased (P<0.001) with the increase in classes of days open. The results may indicate that deterioration of the newly imported Holstein cow traits under the sub-tropical environment, a state of reversal to origin.
Estimates of (co)variance function for growth to yearling in Horro sheep of Ethiopia using random regression model
Authors: Abegaz S. , van Wyk J. B. , Olivier J. J.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Random regression analyses of weight data from birth to 396 days were done using 22 141 weight records of 1 951 Horro lambs. Six different models formed from three different orthogonal polynomial regressions (legendre scale)orders (quadratic, cubic, quartic) of fit for both additive genetic and animals’ permanent environmental effects, with assumption of either homogeneous or heterogeneous residual variance, were compared. Fixed effects of year and type of birth, sex and age of dam were fitted along with a fourth order polynomial. Both likelihood ratio test (LRT) and Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) were used for model comparison. Model fit improved with increased order of polynomial and assumption of heterogeneity of residual variance. Components for additive genetic and permanent environmental (co)variance increased from 0.03 and 0.09 at birth to 23.8 and 37.6 at 396 days of age, respectively. The first three eigenvalues of the coefficient matrix of the additive genetic covariance accounted for about 98 % of the sum of all the eigenvalues. Heritability estimates have shown a declining and increasing trend at different parts of the trajectory, the lowest estimate being 0.14 for weight at birth while the highest being 0.36 for weight at about 390 days of age. Higher heritability estimates in previous uni- and bi-variate models and in the current study and also strong correlation with weight at early age makes weight at one year of age the most important trait to consider in improving productivity in Horro sheep.
Calculation of a cow culling merit index including specific heterosis in a multibreed dairy population
Authors: López-Villalobos N. , Penasa M. , Dal Zotto R. , Cassandro M. , Brade W. , Distl O. , Evans R. , Cromie A.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The objective of this study was to compare two models for the estimation of producing values (EPV) for lactation yields of milk, fat and protein, and calving interval (CI), which were combined in an index called the Cow Culling Merit Index (CMI), in Irish dairy cattle. Data comprised 188 927 records for production and 157 117 records for CI, collected on North American Holstein Friesian (HO), Friesian (FR), Jersey (JE), and Montbéliarde (MO) pure breeds, and some of their crosses. Cows calved from 2002 to 2006 and were from parities 1 to 5. Coefficients of specific heterosis for HO×FR, HO×JE, and HO×MO were calculated for each cow from parental breed information. The coefficient of general heterosis (GH) for each cow was obtained as the sum of the specific coefficients previously estimated. Model 1 included fixed effects of contemporary group, age at calving within parity, linear regression on gene proportions for FR, JE, and MO, and linear regression on the coefficient of expected GH. Additive genetic, permanent environmental, and error were random effects. Model 2 was based on Model 1 but GH was replaced by linear regressions on coefficients of expected specific heterosis for HO×FR, HO×JE, and HO×MO. Estimated producing values were calculated as the sum of estimated breeding value, permanent environmental and heterosis effects. The inclusion of coefficients of specific heterosis in the model did not produce re-ranking of animals but important differences in EPVs were observed in crossbred cows. These changes are important if EPVs are used to develop a culling merit index.
Association of the Ile-442-Met substitution in NCAPG with birth weight in German Angus and German Simmental cattle (Brief Report)
Authors: Glenske K. , Brandt H. , Erhardt G.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The optimal birth weight (BW) of a calf is important and an indicator of the chance to survive and performing later in life (Maltecca et al. 2009). The search for the genetic background of BW in cattle on BTA6 is in the focus of many studies. One QTL at 1 cM was described in an Angus × Brahman cross population (Kim et al. 2003). Three QTL for BW had been identified at BTA6 at 10 cM, 35-49 cM and 83-86 cM in a commercial line of Bos taurus (Kneeland et al. 2004). One of these was confirmed in a Jersey × Holstein cross population as a putative QTL at 41 cM (Maltecca et al. 2009). In a Holstein × Charolais cross cattle population a highly significant QTL for BW was detected on BTA6 in the same region between BM1329 and DIK1054 (Gutierrez-GIL et al. 2009). In another study with Holstein × Charolais the QTL was confirmed and the SNP in this QTL with the strongest effect on BW was in non-SMC condensing I complex, subunit G (NCAPG 1326T/G) (Eberlein et al. 2009). This SNP induced a Ile-442-Met substitution in the amino acid sequence. It was the aim of this study to validate this SNP by analysing the effect of the Ile-442-Met substitution in NCAPG on birth weight in two important beef cattle breeds in Germany.