bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL VALIDATION OF DOUBLE COLUMN INTERNAL FIXATION THEORY FOR DISTAL FEMORAL FRACTURES
Authors: Belenky I. G. , Sergeev G. D. , Mayorov B. A. , Semenov S. G. , Benin A. V.
Published: October 2017

Purpose of the study – to experimentally compare efficiency of lateral and bilateral (lateral and medial) plate fixation of distal femoral fractures and to validate the appropriateness of double column theory of distal femur anatomy for internal fixation for these fractures.Material and methods. The authors performed a biomechanical study in two series on polyurethane models of right femur corresponding in dimensions to natural femur. After simulating a 33 C2 fracture type it was fixed by one lateral plate or two (lateral and medial) plates. After fixation the models were tested in six load ranges with maximal load from 20 to 120 kgf in cyclic mode.Results. The authors obtained a significant difference in absolute values of fragments displacement amplitude depending on fixation method. In the first series of the experiment – one plate fixed on the lateral surface of the femur – under minimal load the displacement value was reported as0.3 mm and under maximal load —1.9 mm; in the second series of experiment – two plates fixed on the lateral and medial surfaces of the femur – displacement values were reported as0.35 mm and0.95 mm respectively. Conclusion. The presence or absence of medial support after internal fixation has a profound impact on ensuring stability in cases of comminuted fractures of distal femoral fractures. In this context the use of double column theory of distal femur anatomy for internal fixation can significantly improve the treatment outcomes for such patients. After trials of minimally invasive fixation method on anatomical specimen the described theory can be implemented into the clinical practice.
Zoonoses, epidemics and the concept “one health”
Authors: Oteo José A
Published: October 2017

No resulta fácil escribir un editorial y aportar conocimiento útil sobre temas tan variados de las enfermedades transmitidas por vectores (ETV) como son las infecciones de los virus del Zika, dengue, chikungunya, hantavirus, arenavirus; infecciones transmitidas por garrapatas como las anaplasmosis, rickettsiosis y erlichiosis, así como parasitosis como la leishmaniasis y la tripanosomiasis. En la literatura al respecto, hay ríos de tinta escritos, y poner orden en uno o dos folios sería muy osado. No obstante, merece la pena resaltar el carácter emergente y re-emergente en las que también se enmarcan las ETV y cómo los fenómenos asociados a la globalización colaboran en su expansión y resurgimiento.
Leishmaniasis visceral en América Latina y perspectivas terapéuticas
Authors: Tovar A Catalina , Yasnot A María
Published: October 2017

La Leishmaniasis visceral es una enfermedad causada en América Latina por Leishmania infantum, en esta área geográfica los principales vectores asociados a la transmisión son Lutzomyia longipalpis y Lutzomyia evansi, siendo el perro uno de los principales reservorios incriminados en su transmisión. Es una patología que afecta principalmente a la población infantil entre los 0 a 5 años, donde los factores socioeconómicos, ambientales y nutricionales son determinantes en el contacto con el insecto vector y el desenlace patológico. Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud el tratamiento recomendando para esta patología es la Anfotericina B liposomal, sin embargo, la disponibilidad del medicamento por el costo varía entre los diferentes países, dejando antimoniales pentavalentes como opción más utilizada, pese a los efectos tóxicos asociados. En el continente americano se requiere evidencia de la eficacia de monoterapias de una solo dosis y terapias combinadas, como opciones para el tratamiento de estas parasitosis.
Rickettsiosis
Authors: Miranda R Jorge , Mattar V Salim , González Tous Marco
Published: October 2017

Las rickettsiosis son consideradas enfermedades desatendidas, poco reconocidas o confundidas con otras patologías en las áreas tropicales y subtropicales. En Colombia, a pesar de tener identificadas zonas endémicas de rickettsiosis son pocos los estudios realizados sobre la enfermedad y son escasos los trabajos de vigilancia en salud pública. Actualmente se están realizando esfuerzos para entender los mecanismos moleculares patogénicos de las diferentes especies de rickettsia, sin embargo, grandes avances deben realizarse para comprender mejor la epidemiologia y desarrollar métodos de diagnóstico rápidos, sensibles y reproducibles para aquellas zonas donde estas zoonosis aparecen de forma impredecible.
PERCEPTION OF THE PARENTS TOWARDS CHILDREN WITH LEARNING DIFFICULTIES
Authors: Dumbre Amrapali Amit , Shinde Devanand V.
Published: October 2017

Parenting is a skill that gets developed over the period of time. Parenting a child with learning difficulties is the challenge. Inspite of having normal intelligence still the child is unable to cope up with the normal academic curriculum. The child with learning difficulties when find it difficult to cope up with the classroom activities may get distracted or disinterested in the studies. Parents’ role in this process is important and they need to be real guide and motivator for their child.
Molecular Highlighting Analysis of Mutational P27 Gene Products in Association with Human T-lymphotropic (HTLV-1) Infection in Tissues from Iraqi Patients with Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Authors: AL- Lebawy Noor S. , Tarrad Jawad K. , Al-Alwany Shakir H.
Published: October 2017

T-cell lymphoma is a rare disease in which T lymphocyte cells become cancerous. These lymphomas account between 10 percent and 15 percent of all cases of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the United States. Like the B-cell lymphomas, T-cell lymphomas are classified into two broad categories: aggressive (fast-growing) or indolent (slow-growing) (1). The G1/S checkpoint of the cell cycle is controlled by pRb protein, which functions in its hypophosphorylated form as a negative regulator of growth. p27 (Kip1), a member of CIP/KIP family of cyclin inhibitory proteins, participates in inhibition of forming complexes that allow pRb to phosphorylate and lead the cell into mitosis (2). To analyze the impact of concordant expression of p27 and HTLV-1 infection on a group of tissues with Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). Eighty formalin-fixed, paraffin- embedded lymph node tissues were enrolled in this study; (40) biopsies from Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), and (40) lymph nodes with (unremarkable pathological changes) as apparently healthy controls. Detection of HTLV-1was done by ultra-sensitive version of In situ hybridization method where as immunohisto chemistry detection system was used to demonstrate the expression of P27 gene expression. The HBZ gene of HTLV-1positive –CISH reaction was detected in (45%: 18 out of 40 cases) of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma tissues. No HTLV-1 positive – CISH reaction was detected in healthy lymph nodes tissues of the control group. The differences between the percentages of HTLV-1 detection in NHL tissues and control groups were statistically highly significant (P value = < 0.05). The positive P27-IHC reactions wase detected in 42.5% (17 out of 40 cases) of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases. A strong positive correlation was found between the detection, scores and intensity of p27 marker. Significant expressions of both p27 markers as well as HTLV-1 genes in Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma could indicate for their possible roles both in lymph node pathogenesis and carcinogenesis
Antibacterial and Antioxidant Properties of Scrophularia Striata Boiss. Methanolic Extract
Authors: Shahbazi Yasser
Published: October 2017

Scrophularia striata belongs to the Scrophulariaceae family and widely grows in the several regions throughout the world especially Iran, Turkey and Azerbaijan. The aims of the present study were to evaluate antibacterial activity of the S. striata methanolic extract collected from west part of Iran by micro-broth dilution and agar disk diffusion assays, and also determine its antioxidant properties using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) methods. The most antibacterial activity was observed against Bacillus cereus, followed by B. subtilis, S. aureus. Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157:H7, respectively. Moreover, the scavenging properties on DPPH radical scavenging and TBA of S. striata methanolic extract were found to be 0.92 ± 0.21 and 7.98 ± 0.23, respectively. The strong in vitro antibacterial and antioxidant activities of S. striata methanolic extract supports its traditional application in the treatments and/or prevention of different diseases.
Detection of Some Important Bacterial Agents Causing Bovine Mastitis
Authors: Kaura Rohish , Mir Irfan Ahmad , Faridi Farah , Bijarniya Renu , Patel Kruthikaben D. , Kashyap S.K. , Maherchandani Sunil
Published: October 2017

The present work was conducted to isolate and detect by PCR three important bacterial pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Streptococcus uberis) associated with bovine mastitis. A total of 36 clinical mastitic milk samples were collected from various cross bred cattle presented in the Veterinary Clinical complex centre, Bikaner, Rajasthan. Out of 36 milk samples processed, we recovered 51 isolates belonging to Staphylococcus aureus (18), Streptococcus uberis (5), Streptococcus agalactiae (2), Staphylococcus intermedius (8), Staphylococcus chromogens (4), Bacillus sp. (2) and Escherichia coli (12). The PCR conducted directly on milk samples with species-specific primers of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus uberis revealed 19, 7 and 2 samples respectively positive for these pathogens. The study showed highest incidence of Staphylococcus aureus (50.0%) followed by Streptococcus uberis, (13.89%) and Streptococcus agalactiae (5.5%) by culture-based method while incidence rate recorded by PCR of Staphylococcus aureus (52.77%) followed by Streptococcus uberis, (19.44%) and Streptococcus agalactiae (5.5%) associated with bovine mastitis. Thus, PCR was found to have a good correlation with cultural method for diagnosis of the causative agent of mastitis in a short span of time.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI BELANJA DAERAH SERTA DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP PRODUK DOMESTIK REGIONAL BRUTO KABUPATEN BERAU
Authors: Herlina Elita
Published: October 2017

The study was intended to: 1) analyze the direct influence of Regional Income (PAD), General Allocation Fund (DAU), and the population toward Regional Expenditure. 2) Investigate the direct effects of Regional Income (PAD), General Allocation Fund (DAU) and the population to the Gross Domestic Regional Product (GDP). 3) Define the straight impact of regional expenditure to GDP in Berau. 4) Explain the indirect effects of Regional Income (PAD), the General Allocation Fund (DAU), and the population to GDP through the regional expenditure. 5) Describe the dominant effects of Regional Income (PAD), the general allocation fund (DAU) and the population to regional expenditure and GDP. The data used in this study were secondary and time series data. The result showed that Regional Income (PAD), General Allocation Fund (DAU), and total population have direct strong influence on regional expenditure and GDP. On the other hand, these factors have no significant impact to GDP through regional expenditure
STRATEGI PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM
Authors: Cantika Sri Budi
Published: October 2017

Islamic perspective views poverty as a result of several structural reasons, namely environmental damage due to human activity (Surah Ar Rum: 41); ignorance and the miserliness of the wealthy (Surah Al 'Imran: 180); tyranny, exploitation, and oppression of some people over others (Surah At-Tawbah: 34); political, bureaucracy, and economic power concentration in one hand (Surah Al Qasas; 1-88); poverty arising from external factors such as natural disaster or civil wars that drastically changed the rich become poor (Surah Saba ': 14-15). Islam proposes some strategies in order to reduce poverty which covers: 1) Promoting economic growth that benefits to the wider community (pro-poor growth); 2) Encouraging the construction of national budget which protect majority of people (pro-poor budgeting); 3) Assisting infrastructure development that aids many people (pro-poor infrastructure); 4) Establishing proper basic public services in favor of the broader community (pro-poor public services); and 5) Pushing equity and income distribution policies that prioritize the poor (pro-poor income distribution).
PENGARUH PENGELUARAN PEMERINTAH SEKTOR PENDIDIKAN, KESEHATAN DAN INFRASTUKTUR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DAN PENINGKATAN PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA DI PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TIMUR
Authors: Suparno Heri
Published: October 2017

The purpose of this research were: 1) determining the direct effect of government spending on education, health and infrastructure to economic growth and human development index, 2) investigating the direct impact of economic growth on the human development index, 3) describing the indirect consequence of government spending on the sector education, health and infrastructure to the human development index through economic growth. In order to examine the hypothesis testing, the researcher employed path analysis and used the data derived from government spending files which comprised the expenditures on education, health and infrastructure, human development index and economic growth from 1997 up to 2011. The analysis showed that there is a direct effect of government spending on education, health and infrastructure to the human development index and economic growth and indirect influences of the government expenditure on education, health and infrastructure to the human development index through economic growth
PENGARUH PENGALAMAN KERJA, INDEPENDENSI, INTEGRITAS, OBYEKTIVITAS DAN KOMPETENSI TERHADAP KUALITAS AUDIT
Authors: Wardhani Veby Kusuma , Triyuwono Iwan , Achsin Muhammad
Published: October 2017

This study is specifically to evaluate the effect of work experience, independence, integrity, objectivity and competence toward the audit quality. This study was conducted by distributing questionnaires to KAP in Malang. By counting related association division of KAP, the number of sample in this study was 63 respondents who definitely worked in 7 KAP. This research is a quantitative study.  The sample was chosen by using purposive sampling. The hypothesis test used multiple linear regressions in SPSS version 16. All variables in this study were measured using Likert Scale. The results shows that all independent variables have positive effect toward audit quality. The partial influence (T-test) showed that the variables of work experience, Independence, Integrity, Objectivity, Competence affect audit quality. In the other hands, the simultaneous effect is shown by the value of R2 from 75.2 %. It was shown by  work experience, independence, integrity, objectivity, and competence which affecting audit quality changing of 75.2% and the rest, 24.8 % in audit quality changing, is affected by other variables which is not investigated in this study
INSTITUSIONALISASI AKUNTANSI SOSIAL PADA PERUM PERHUTANI BLITAR
Authors: Nurdiwaty Diah , Djamhuri Ali , Kamayanti Ari
Published: October 2017

This study was attempted to describe the institutionalization of social accounting in Indonesian Forestry Company housing in Blitar. This project was a qualitative research which applied case study as the method in order to comprehend the institutionalization of social accounting in Indonesian Forestry Company housing in Blitar in which the liability of its social activities was PKBL (Partnership and Environment Development Program). The results revealed that the social accounting institutionalization process in this program experienced no significant problems; instead, the management provided great supports to the implementation of this program, such as organizing a reconstruction program every month, arranging training program for PKBL staff. In addition, this program encouraged the implementation of new beneficial policies, such as the guarantee provision on PKBL loan for customers and the customers’ exclusion in life insurance. Nevertheless, some documents or regulations concerning the implementation of PKBL activities could not be found completely in this study.
OPTIMALISASI PERAN WAKAF DALAM PEMBERDAYAAN USAHA MIKRO, KECIL DAN MENENGAH (UMKM)
Authors: Cantika Sri Budi
Published: October 2017

The potential of Zakat, Infaq, Shodaqoh (ZIS), and Waqaf (endowments) to help society economic improvement are very important, yet the role of Islamic Finance Institution, as the executing agency that administer these four pious deed, were still not optimal yet. This article reveals the important role of Endowments in assisting the empowerment of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) which is one of the strengths in poverty alleviation, employment creation and increase the strength of family income. Waqaf (endowments) Management Institute, an organization that empowers MSMEs through microfinance and business assistance, offers some strategic steps that must be carried out in managing successful business namely providing investment capital and working capital, presenting training and skills improvement, business consulting, improving product quality, market, business networking, and technology.
DAMPAK SUB-SEKTOR UNGGULAN TERHADAP PEREKONOMIAN KOTA SAMARINDA: PENDEKATAN INPUT-OUTPUT
Authors: Mahakam Jerry Pahlevy , Michael Michael , Amalia Siti
Published: October 2017

In this paper, the writer would like to investigate the sub-sectors of the economy categorized as superior, potential, and non-superior, determine the magnitude of  multiplier income arising from these sub-sector on household income and job opportunities, and identify the sub-sector of the economy which can be placed as a superior in Samarinda. This study employed Input-Output approach which later discovered several factors which were considered as superior, namely  food and beverage industry; Paper and printing industry; electricity; construction / building; land transportation; and other services, while the sub-sectors which were included in non-superior categories were rice, cassava, vegetables, fruits, other staple food crops, plantation crops, timber and forest products, fisheries, mining, timber industry, chemical industry, hotels, telecommunications, insurance, government, education services. In addition, the results of forward and backward linkages analysis and multiplier income calculating of household income and job opportunities found that those sub-sectors of food and beverage industry, building/ construction, other services, and land transportation were categorized into major sub-sectors.
PENGARUH CSR BERDASAR ISO 26000 TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN DENGAN KARAKTERSITIK PERUSAHAAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERATING
Authors: Latifah Sri Wahjuni
Published: October 2017

Research of the influence of ISO 26000 CSR toward the company's value as a moderating variable which is done on companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The Company’s characteristics are measured by firm age, size, leverage and profitability. The data analysis was done by using double linear regression models, the first is to see the effect based on the ISO 26000 CSR and firm characteristics on value, and the second is to see the effect of interaction with the ISO 26000 corporate characteristics. The results of the study showed that there was no influence of ISO 26000, the characteristics of the company toward the value of the company. However, moderated ISO 26000 by firm characteristics affect the value of the company.
ANALISIS ANCAMAN PHISHING DALAM LAYANAN ONLINE BANKING
Authors: Radiansyah Ikhsan , Rusdjan Candiwan , Priyadi Yudi
Published: October 2017

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that cause the emergence of phishing and prevention against phishing threats. Systematic Literature Review methods used to find answers to the research questions by searching for studies related to the threat of phishing in online banking services and perform narrative synthesis on the findings. Minimal knowledge of the user, and the user's psychological privacy of users of social networking services considered as factors that cause phishing. Educating users about the threat of cyber crime, prevention at the level of e-mail, the use of anti-phishing software, and system implementation disposable password in banking services is an effective deterrent to the threat of phishing. Users must have a good knowledge of the threat of crime, especially phishing, and the Bank has the responsibility to provide education related to threats that can harm the user.
PENGARUH HUBUNGAN INDUSTRIAL TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN DENGAN GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL DAN KOMPENSASI SEBAGAI VARIABEL PEMODERASI
Authors: Roz Kenny , Widagdo Bambang
Published: October 2017

This research purpose to examine the influence of industrial relations to employee performance, the role of transformational leadership and compensation under the influence of industrial relations to employee performance, and the CV. In order Sari Jaya Karangploso Malang. This research is explanatory. Samples in this study using saturated sample of 80 respondents employees working on the CV. In order Sari Jaya Karangploso Malang. Results of analysis Partial Least Square (PLS) This study shows that industrial relations positive and significant effect on employee performance, strengthen the influence of transformational leadership style industrial relations to employee performance, and compensation for strengthening the influence of industrial relations to kienerja employees at CV. Agar Sari Jaya Karangploso Malang.
ANALISIS RASIO KEUANGAN DAERAH UNTUK MENILAI KENERJA KEUANGAN DAERAH ( STUDI KASUS PADA DINAS PENDAPATAN PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DAN ASET KOTA KEDIRI)
Authors: Nurdiwaty Diah , Zaman Badrus
Published: October 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the factors that determine the profitability of the banks of the largest commercial banks nationwide in Indonesia for the period 2010-2014. Based on the prescribed criteria, banks selected as samples were Bank Central Asia, Bank Negara Indonesia and Bank Mandiri. The dependent variable in this study is profit. The independent variables consist of liquidity risk, credit risk and efficiency. The analytical tool used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the liquidity risk of significant and positive impact on profits. Meanwhile, credit risk and efficiency significant and negative effect on profits. Concurrently, liquidity risk, credit risk and efficiency has a significant effect on earnings.
“No More Cakes and Ale?” Discovering Ethical Gray Areas in a Design Anthropology Class
Authors: Aiken Jo , Schlieder Victoria , Wasson Christina
Published: October 2017

This article examines how ethics were learned in a design anthropology class. Training in ethics is an essential part of any graduate program in anthropology, and we show how it was built into this course. At the same time, the fieldwork that students conducted as part of a client project for Motorola confronted some of them with unexpected and ethically ambiguous circumstances, which generated experiential learning as well. Regardless of how clearly ethical codes are written, researchers will always encounter gray areas in the field. The article presents a case study of one study participant who may have been intoxicated, analyzing this as an “extreme case” that brought ethical dilemmas into sharp focus. We conclude with suggestions for navigating ethical gray areas, based on class discussions about this and other ethical challenges.
Ethical Considerations in Global Multi-Stakeholder Work Contexts
Authors: Gluesing Julia C.
Published: October 2017

Economic integration and globalization has brought increasing ethical complexity into business anthropology as more anthropologists work in or research multinational enterprises that cross multiple boundaries. Ethical challenges arise from the predominant neoliberal viewpoint in these enterprises, the embeddedness of ethics in culture, and from intercultural nature of multi-stakeholder environments. Using an example of one research project in an MNE, this article illustrates the ethical challenges of the MNE work context and how these challenges can be resolved and discusses current ethical dilemmas and the future implications for the growth and practice of business and organizational anthropology.
Liminality, Anthropology, and the Global Organization
Authors: Gluesing Julia C.
Published: October 2017

Turner described liminality as a “realm of pure possibility” that can give rise to novel configurations of ideas within a ritual framework, while Bourdieu referred to liminality as a “space of possibles.” One of the greatest challenges managers and their employees face in multinational enterprises that cross multiple boundaries is the increased complexity brought about by ambiguity, multiplicity, interdependence, and constant, rapid change. Working in global organizations means operating simultaneously in multiple contexts. Anthropologists can make a contribution to an understanding of global work by managing ambiguity and crossing boundaries; by living and working liminally―something acquired in both anthropological training and through experience; and by bringing creativity to the forefront to foster global understanding.
Liminality in Advertising from the Mad Men Era
Authors: Olsen Barbara
Published: October 2017

This article reflects an evolving anthropologist’s marketing career during the 1970s, before anthropology was truly welcomed as contributor to business strategy. I worked on several accounts mentored by a brilliant but conflicted creative director-guru-boss, an experience resulting in this reflexive advertising narrative punctuated by periods of liminality. I used my agency archives from the 1970s and field notes (or advertising log) as my data set to reflect this period. My field journey traversed the Mad Men era, immortalized in the AMC TV series about the 1960s and beyond, where creative directors freely crossed boundaries of sex, class and gender stereotypes. I discuss several advertising campaigns in which I was involved. The broader narrative reveals an uncomfortable divide between cultural empathy and advertising practice. While creatively stimulating, I describe the conflict in a marketing career that challenged ethical sensitivities.
Guiding Change as President of the Board of Trustees: Learning from the Liminal Drama of It All
Authors: Briody Elizabeth K.
Published: October 2017

Organizational-culture change has been of interest to scholars and practitioners for decades, though little empirical data has contributed to our understanding of ritual transitions. By contrast, transitions for individuals, but not organizations, have been examined through the theoretical lenses of ritual process. This article builds on both literatures to explore planned change in an assisted living and nursing care community. I led an effort, as President of the Board of Trustees, to establish philanthropy as a core element of the organizational culture at a time when the long-term-care sector had become increasingly competitive. Participant observation, documentary data and discussions, along with the roles I played, resulted in this account. My term of office was marked by ambiguity, inaction, polarization, and conflict. I distinguish among three types of “liminal” or transitional periods, using van Gennep and Turner’s works as a foundation. I illustrate the relationship between liminality and the resistance and interventions that emerged within the Board and Leadership Team, drawing implications for ritual theory―particularly, liminality and social drama. The practical lessons from this experience, depicted in the Countering Resistance Model, should be helpful to other organizations and leadership groups in mitigating their own transition difficulties.
Anthropology with Business: Plural Programs and Future Financial Worlds
Authors: Maurer Bill , Mainwaring Scott D.
Published: October 2017

How can we imagine and perform an anthropological practice with business, that is, not from a distanced perspective but through a mutual infolding and engagement? How might such an arrangement then be exemplary for novel economic experiments of the kind anthropologists often describe? Reflecting on several years' of collaborations with each other, the authors recount their relationship as an experiment in novel engagements with economic things (money, corporations, universities, accounting principles, computers, etc.) in an industrial and university site. The paper puts forward a theoretical argument about exaptive and nonadaptive plurality that opens new pathways for alternative and sometimes quite conventional values. The context is a specific set of projects around money and payment. The intellectual background is the anthropology of finance and alternative economies.
Playing with Morality: Business Ethics of a Professional Baseball Club in Taiwan
Authors: Soldani Jérôme
Published: October 2017

Baseball is considered the national sport in Taiwan. Professional teams are owned by large local firms and are themselves small companies offering an archetypal model of society. Their practices are based on moral values around which their fans are unified. This is also a legacy of the social responsibility transferred to the Taiwanese firms by the former authoritarian regime (from the 1950s to the 1980s). Based on twelve months’ fieldwork with a Taiwanese baseball club now owned by a holding company, this paper shows how the club is viewed as a firm structured around moral values and whose players are established as moral paragons. The model of a united, hierarchical family is highlighted by the original owners, a family firm which founded the club in 1984, and by the team’s iconography. However, these methods of commodifying the team as a value-based family are faced with the realities of daily practices and the corruption scandals that regularly undermine the image of the Taiwanese professional league. The current company owner (from 2014) has tried to maintain this image of virtue, with some adjustments, in order to maintain the fans’ identification with the club. The business ethics of the club is the outcome of these adjustments and negotiations between the owners, the players, and the fans.
Elements of Reflexive Anthropology in Three Fieldwork Studies of the Workplace
Authors: Gallenga Ghislaine
Published: October 2017

Focusing on the ‘fictions’ between the ethnographer and her informants, this article deals with the delicate chemistry of fieldwork through an account of three field studies. The first explores power struggles in a bank in Marseilles; the second looks at issues related to political and economic transition in Romania through as seen through the lens of a metalwork factory; the last analyses ‘modernisation’ in the public sector in Marseilles. These studies highlight some major questions raised in the field of reflexive anthropology, including the nature of the ethnographer/informant relationship, validation, gender issues, and the exploitation of the researcher. They reveal some of the difficulties surrounding the social construction of the ethnographer in the workplace and the negotiation of roles undergone whilst in the workplace. In these three cases the ethnologist was excluded from the field, forgotten about, and caught up in a conflict.
Homes and Paths: Notes on Finding Place in Consumer Anthropology
Authors: Browne Kevin
Published: October 2017

Homes are often the site of research in business anthropology. The relatively brief time frames of much consumer research can lead to a perception of stability of space-time rather than one of indeterminacy and flux. In this article I explore examples of such flows in the home and how they are actively produced. Following Latour, Ingold, and other theorists, I examine the co-creation of “home” by human and non-human actors in order to destabilize the concept and to open our research to richer possibilities and greater habitability.
Deep Diversity
Authors: Batteau Allen W.
Published: October 2017

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The Senses in Anthropological and Marketing Research: Investigating a Consumer-Brand Ritual Holistically
Authors: Malefyt Timothy De Waal
Published: October 2017

The study of the senses encompasses a range of approaches from the social sciences and humanities. Anthropology, in particular, turns our attention away from previous considerations of the senses as biologically determined and universally fixed, to more interactive, adaptable and fluid concepts of the senses that are continuously shaped by culture, geography and history. Alternately, business marketers increasingly explore the senses and consumer’s sensory response to brands as a means of eliciting deeper, more personal experiences with products and services. While anthropologists regard the senses as a form of social interaction, marketers seek to maximize consumer-brand relations by targeting specific sensory responses to consumption. This study integrates both views in an ethnographic investigation of a brand ritual. It examines the sensorial dimensions and symbolic associations of a shaving ritual that foster skills and reformulate time, which inform culturally situated notions of self-presentation and identity. This study advances a more holistic sensory approach to brand rituals as a means of enhancing consumer brand relationships and experiential consumption studies.
Inside the Energy Salon: Installation and Illusions of Finality
Authors: Mason Arthur
Published: October 2017

This article analyzes promotional images associated with energy events as ethnographic objects in their own right. I examine how the sensory experience of promotional imagery with its fantasy display contributes to the rational presentation of energy planning, with its emphasis on accountability through expert knowledge provisioning. Promotional images fall under the rubric of impression management where an ideal of believability mediates between objects of manufacture and their desire. Informed by the works of artists Marcel Duchamp and Andy Warhol, I frame these images as an illusion of finality, which I then connect to a broader argument about the rise of an energy salon―a shift that appears to involve an increased prominence of visual attention and management in how energy expertise is produced, performed, and circulated.
Taxi drivers: ethnic segmentation, precarious work, and informal economic strategies in the Swedish taxi industry
Authors: Slavnic Zoran
Published: October 2017

This article invesitgates the processes of ethnic segmentation, precarious labour, and informalization in the Swedish taxi industry during a period of rapid deregulation during the 1990s. It does so by focussing on the life story of a single individual―Adem, a taxi driver in the Swedish city of Malmö. Despite his education, long working experience, and all efforts to make use of these advantages, all doors to an appropriate career in Sweden have remained closed to him. As a result, he has been pushed into working in the taxi sector, which is increasingly characterized by ethnic segmentation, hard working conditins, and harsh competition, forcing people to deploy informal economic strategies in order to survive. Adem’s fate becomes strongly determined by these socio-economical processes. At the same time, the article shows that these processes are not separate, but are closely interrelated and reinforce each other. On the broader level these processes are a general consequence of the neoliberal reconstruction of Western economies, and structural economic, political and social changes related to it.
Why do the Indians Wear Adidas? Or, Culture Contact and the Relations of Consumption
Authors: Wilk Richard R. , Arnould Eric J.
Published: October 2017

The study of the consumption of goods has never achieved the prominence in anthropology of either production or exchange. Yet the accelerating consumption of western goods in non-western societies is one of the most obtrusive cultural and economic trends of the last three centuries. This article addresses the general issue of why goods flow between cultural groups by re-examining the concept of consumption. It raises questions of importance to studies of development, material culture, ethnohistory, and symbolic anthropology.
O Organization, Where Art Thou? Tracing the Multiple Layers of Ambiguous and Shifting Boundary Processes in a Formal Organization
Authors: Giskeødegård Marte Fanneløb
Published: October 2017

In this article, I use an empirical case from a Norwegian transnational maritime company to discuss organizational boundaries and, implicitly, organizational form. I focus on the relationship of the formal organization as a legal entity to its outside world and ask how boundary work toward external actors takes form. My empirical case shows that there is not an unproblematic “inside” that engages with the outside world and, as a result, I question the usefulness of some of the concepts used to talk about boundary processes. To understand the latter, where the boundaries drawn are multiple, flexible, and dependent on the situation, I adopt Bowker and Star’s (2000) concept of “boundary object,” which allows the discussion to focus on boundaries in terms of the continuous work of making a “shared space”, rather than of limits between the various parties.
Developing Work Uniforms for Women: The Role of Ethnographic Research
Authors: Bjerck Mari
Published: October 2017

This article is makes use of fieldwork to discuss and analyse a Norwegian product development project aimed at developing workwear for women in male dominated manual occupations. Making use of ethnographic methods and analysis can be valuable in showing how users’ experiences and practices can be studied also where there are poorly developed concepts and language for formulating and discussing products, such as workwear in use. The article aims at answering how ethnographic studies may contribute to the development of products and services. Understanding people and things in their everyday relations and achieving action-oriented results may be a challenge in innovation and development processes. This article explores such challenges in studying the use of clothes in specific work contexts, as well as capturing and mediating this experience with workwear in use.
Cows, Pigs, Corporations, and Anthropologists
Authors: Stull Donald D.
Published: October 2017

Don Stull is professor emeritus of anthropology at the University of Kansas, where he taught from 1975 to 2015. He has been editor-in-chief of Human Organization, president of the Society for Applied Anthropology, and a recipient of the SfAA’s Sol Tax Distinguished Service Award. In 2001 he was presented with the key to Garden City, Kansas, and made an honorary citizen in recognition of the value of his work to this community.
Complicit Positioning: Anthropological Knowledge and Problems of ‘Studying Up’ for Ethnographer-Employees of Corporations
Authors: Sedgwick Mitchell W
Published: October 2017

Contemporary work by ‘corporate ethnographers’, as employees of businesses, offers a refreshing perspective on Anthropology’s ‘crisis of representation’ and its extensions—from neo-colonial concerns and reflexivity, to para-ethnographic and recursive approaches—that are increasingly characterized by complicit relations between ethnographers and their informants/‘collaborators’. This article focusses on the history and politics of ethnographers’ positionality in field research and the analytic products of, and audiences for, their work. It contrasts the often confounded labor of ‘anthropologists of business’ with that of ‘corporate ethnographers’, who work for businesses, while highlighting that, for both, the ‘studying up’ (Nader 1974 [1969]) methodology required for research at business sites disrupts assumptions surrounding the politics of traditional ethnographic fieldwork. Tracing shifts in core interests across general Anthropology, it is argued that close attention to new sitings and circumstances of fieldwork—including studying up in businesses—could productively drive reconsiderations of methodology, ethics and, therefore, epistemology in Anthropology.In this context, corporate ethnographers, who are often formally trained in Anthropology, are specifically encouraged to analytically engage with the problematics of their perhaps-awkward complicities with their employers. It is suggested that, alongside the work of anthropologists of business, corporate ethnographers—should they choose to do so—are well-positioned to assist in exposing the black box of the culture(s) of secrecy through which the work of corporations intimately penetrates modern life.
Fieldwork in a Hall of Mirrors: An Anthropology of Anthropology in Business
Authors: Krause-Jensen Jakob
Published: October 2017

An increasing number of anthropology graduates find employment in business organisations, often as culture experts or consultants drawing on ethnographic methods. In this paper I will use my fieldwork experience in the Human Resource Department of Bang & Olufsen to explore the borders and crossovers between anthropological research and anthropological consultancy. Fieldwork took place among human resource consultants (some of them with an anthropological background) who worked for business, i.e. who used ethnographic methods and worked on identifying, describing and communicating the fundamental corporate values, or, as it were, the ’corporate religion’ of the company. How does it affect research stratagems and methodology when the HR employees are in a clear sense both participants in and observers of their own social reality? Is it at all feasible or possible to maintain a distinction between ethnographer and consultant, participant observers and observing participants? Although the distinction between ethnographer and employee cannot be drawn easily, I want to argue that the fact that it is impossible to maintain a watertight separation does not imply that we should abandon the attempt to make the distinction. Being aware of the similarities and overlaps as well as acknowledging the differences is a crucial part of the anthropological methodology.
Magnesium Intake, Quality of Carbohydrates, and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Results From Three U.S. Cohorts
Authors: Hruby Adela , Guasch-Ferré Marta , Bhupathiraju Shilpa N. , Manson JoAnn E. , Willett Walter C. , McKeown Nicola M. , Hu Frank B.
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVE

Magnesium intake is inversely associated with risk of type 2 diabetes in many observational studies, but few have assessed this association in the context of the carbohydrate quality of the diet. We hypothesized that higher magnesium intake is associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes, especially in the context of a poor carbohydrate–quality diet characterized by low cereal fiber or high glycemic index (GI) or glycemic load (GL).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

In the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS; 1984–2012, n = 69,176), NHS2 (1991–2013, n = 91,471), and the Health Professionals’ Follow-Up Study (1986–2012, n = 42,096), dietary intake was assessed from food frequency questionnaires every 4 years. Type 2 diabetes was ascertained by biennial and supplementary questionnaires. We calculated multivariate hazard ratios (HRs) of magnesium intake and incident diabetes, adjusted for age, BMI, family history of diabetes, physical activity, smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, GL, energy intake, alcohol, cereal fiber, polyunsaturated fats, trans fatty acids, and processed meat, and we considered the joint associations of magnesium and carbohydrate quality on diabetes risk.

RESULTS

We documented 17,130 incident cases of type 2 diabetes over 28 years of follow-up. In pooled analyses across the three cohorts, those with the highest magnesium intake had 15% lower risk of type 2 diabetes compared with those with the lowest intake (pooled multivariate HR in quintile 5 vs. 1: 0.85 [95% CI 0.80–0.91], P < 0.0001). Higher magnesium intake was more strongly associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes among participants with high GI or low cereal fiber than among those with low GI or high cereal fiber (both P interaction <0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Higher magnesium intake is associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes, especially in the context of lower carbohydrate–quality diets.
A cirkon (U-Th)/He kormeghatározás módszertani alapjai és alkalmazása fiatal (<1 Ma) vulkánkitörések datálására
Authors: Molnár Kata , Dunkl István , Harangi Szabolcs , Lukács Réka
Published: October 2017

A fiatal vulkánkitörések kormeghatározása sokszor igen nagy nehézségbe ütközik a konvencionálisan használt módszerek időbeli korlátai (pl.: radiokarbon – ~50 ezer év a felső korhatár; K-Ar – ~1 millió év a rutinmérések alsó korhatára), vagy a méréshez szükséges megfelelő ásványok (pl. leucit, szanidin), valamint szenesedett növénymaradványok hiányában. Az U-Th mérésekkel kiegészített cirkon (U-Th)/He geokronológia többek között erre a kritikus időintervallumra kínál megoldási lehetőséget. Alacsony záródási hőmérséklete (~150-180 °C) miatt képes a kitörés időpontjáról direkt információt adni, továbbá nagy előnye az is, hogy a cirkon egy igen széleskörűen elterjedt akcesszórikus ásvány a legtöbb vulkáni kitörési termékben. Mindezekből kifolyólag az elmúlt évtized alatt a nemzetközi kutatások során egyre elterjedtebbé vált a módszer alkalmazása a fiatal (<1 millió év) kitörések datálására is, azonban a hazai kutatásokban csak kis mértékben jelent meg ugyanez a tendencia. Jelen munka célja, hogy az (U-Th)/He geokronológia elméleti és gyakorlati alapjairól, valamint fiatal vulkánkitörések kormeghatározása esetében történő alkalmazhatóságáról nyújtson egy részletes, magyar nyelvű összefoglalást.

Az alkalmazhatóság vizsgálatára a Kárpát-Pannon térség legfiatalabb vulkánkitörésének (Csomád, Dél-Hargita) környezetében megtalálható, ahhoz kapcsolódó kitörési termékeket választottunk. Ezek a Nagy-Hegyes andezit lávadómja és a bükszádi piroklaszt-ár üledék, amelyekre 843 ± 27 ezer (Nagy-Hegyes felépülése) és 32,6 ± 1,0 ezer évet (bükszádi réteget létrehozó kitörés) kaptunk eredményül. A kiválasztott lelőhelyek mintáin keresztül jól szemléltethető, hogy miként történik az (U-Th)/He kormeghatározás, hogyan követik egymást az egyes lépések, amíg eljutunk a mért adattól a végleges koreredményig. Ezek a képződmények jó példát szolgáltatnak a módszer alkalmazhatóságának bemutatására fiatal (<1 millió év) vulkánkitörések kormeghatározására.
Theory of Planned Behaviour and the Use of Cell/Mobile Phone in the Classroom
Authors: Ya'u Lawali , Idris Bashir
Published: October 2017

Although there is no policy in the Nigerian education system that support the use of cell phone in the classroom, but the fact is that, the use of cell phone in classrooms not for academic purposes has been detrimental towards classroom management as well as student performances. This research paper investigates the factors that influence students in using cell phone in the classroom. The Theory of Planned Behaviour was adopted for the investigation. 200 questionnaires were distributed across students of Federal College of Education (Technical), Gusau- Nigeria, in order to explore the extent to which student's attitudes, subjective norms and behavioural control influence their behavioural intention towards using cell/mobile phone in the classroom. The responses were analysed using descriptive statistics. The result indicated that the entire three construct do not significantly influence student's behaviour.