bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Childhood Abuse on the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Youth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: De Vries Ieke , Goggin Kelly E.
Published: October 2018

Scholars and practitioners have drawn attention to the issue of commercial sexual exploitation (CSE) of minors, yet we continue to lack a clear understanding of which factors increase a minor’s risk to this type of victimization. The current article reviews the literature about the impact of sexual, physical, or emotional abuse on the risk of CSE. The study utilizes quantitative meta-analytical techniques to estimate an overall impact of prior abuse. Nineteen studies were selected after a comprehensive search of electronic databases covering the fields of social science, criminology, psychology, or related fields. To be included in the analyses, all articles had to measure the direct impact of sexual, physical, and/or emotional abuse on minor’s risk to CSE, utilizing multivariate techniques and presenting statistical metrics to assess the impact of prior abuse. Key findings demonstrate that sexual abuse considerably increases the risk of exploitation, especially among female youth in the United States. Physical and emotional abuse show negligible or no significant independent impacts, even though a few studies have begun to suggest that experiencing multiple types of childhood abuse may aggravate a risk of sexual exploitation. Our findings can guide further research on the impact of prior victimizations and inform screening instruments that are being developed to identify youth at risk of CSE.
Practice Patterns in Office-Based Rhinology: Survey of the American Rhinologic Society
Authors: Lee Jivianne T. , DelGaudio John , Orlandi Richard R.
Published: October 2018

Background

Recent years have witnessed significant expansion in office-based rhinology. This study assesses practice patterns of the American Rhinologic Society (ARS) membership regarding office-based rhinologic procedures.

Methods

A 24-item survey was disseminated to the ARS membership from March 15 to May 31, 2016.

Results

A total of 157 physicians (11.9%) completed the survey. Office-based rhinologic procedures were performed by 99% of respondents, with sinonasal debridements (99%), polypectomy (77%), and balloon sinus ostial dilation (56%) being the most common. During a typical month, the number of sinonasal debridements was 0–10 in 23%, 11–20 in 34%, 21–30 in 26%, and >30 in 18%. For polypectomy, 57% of the respondents utilized a microdebrider (reusable electric—24%, disposable vacuum-powered—21%, and both—12%), 36% endoscopic forceps, and 7% a combination of both. With respect to balloon ostial dilation, the frontal sinuses were the most frequently addressed (53%) followed by the maxillary (46%) and sphenoid (39%) sinuses. In-office ethmoidectomies, antrostomies, sphenoidotomies, and frontal sinusotomies without the use of the balloon were performed by 35%, 31%, 24%, and 21% of the respondents, respectively. Thirty percent of respondents used steroid-eluting sinus implants and 10% used computer-assisted surgical navigation in the office setting. Overall, 63% of respondents reported that the number of office-based rhinologic procedures they performed had increased over the last 5 years.

Conclusions

The present study illustrates the integration of office procedures into rhinologic clinical practice among ARS survey respondents. With ongoing technologic innovations, the scope of office-based rhinology will likely continue to expand in the years to come.
Skin Cancer Preventive Behaviors in Iranian Farmers: Applying Protection Motivation Theory
Authors: Moeini Babak , Ezati Elahe , Barati Majid , Rezapur-Shahkolai Forouzan , Mohammad Gholi Mezerji Naser , Afshari Maryam
Published: October 2018

Farmers are among the most common work groups at risk of skin cancer. The protection motivation theory has been widely accepted as a framework for predicting health related behaviors. This study was conducted to determine the role of factors preventing skin cancer among farmers in Eslamabad-e Gharb district, Iran, using the protection motivation theory. In this descriptive study, 280 farmers living in this district were studied from May to June 2017. Using cluster random sampling methods, health houses where farmers received health care were selected. Each farmer within the selected health house was then enrolled into the study using simple random sampling. Data were collected by interview using an author-developed questionnaire. The questionnaire ascertained demographic information and constructs of the protection motivation theory. Almost half of the farmers had a history of sunburn (56.4%). With regard to prevention, a small proportion reported using sunscreen (8.6%), hats (3.2%), gloves 3.9%, sunglasses 4.6%, and protective clothing 15.4%. The results of regression analyses showed that with one unit of increase in the scores of self-efficacy to adopt prevention behavior and perceived protection motivation resulted in an increase in the mean score of the “protective” behavior by 0.26 and 0.20, respectively. Working conditions among farmers place them at great risk and skin cancer prevention is essential. Intervention and prevention programs should fully identify the determinants of skin cancer prevention in farmers; in addition, the identified effective factors must be taken into account when designing and implementing appropriate interventions.
Cognitive Processes and Their Associations With Vocational Identity Development During Emerging Adulthood
Authors: Lee Bora , Song Bora , Rhee Eunjeong
Published: October 2018

In the present study, we examined the associations between cognitive processes and vocational identity development. A sample of 318 Korean emerging adults participated in the study. Using three-wave longitudinal data and applying multilevel modeling, we tested within- and between-person-level associations. We found that individuals who are higher in career self-efficacy than others are more likely to be engaged in exploration and commitment. Those who exhibit more dysfunctional career thoughts are less likely to be engaged in commitment but more likely to reconsider their identities. We found a similar pattern at the within-person level: At times when one exhibits high self-efficacy than usual, one is more likely to be engaged in exploration and commitment; however, at times when one exhibits more dysfunctional thoughts than usual, one is less likely to be committed to a career and more likely to reconsider. We discuss the implications of the study results.
Social Networks and Educational Attainment among Adolescents Experiencing Pregnancy
Authors: Humberstone Elizabeth
Published: October 2018

Pregnant adolescents are a population at risk for dropout and have been found to complete fewer years of education than peers. Pregnant girls’ social experience in school may be a factor in their likelihood to persist, as social integration is thought to buffer dropout risk. Pregnant teens have been found to have fewer friends than their peers, but the academic ramifications of these social differences have yet to be studied. In this study the author examines whether friendship networks are associated with the relationship between adolescent pregnancy and educational attainment. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health and multilevel models, the author specifically explores associations between high school graduation and reported friendships, friendship reciprocation, and network centrality. Having more friends and greater centrality in one’s school prior to pregnancy are associated with reduced risk for high school dropout compared with more socially isolated pregnant teens.
Regions from the ground up: a network partitioning approach to regional delineation
Authors: Hamilton Ruth , Rae Alasdair
Published: October 2018

In this paper, we consider the question of what is ‘in’ a region, from an economic perspective, based on commuting data. This follows a long line of studies on labour market delineation, including the widely used ‘travel-to-work area’ approach. Using Combo, a network partitioning algorithm, we analyse commuting data from the 2011 UK Census in order to define a discrete set of regions. Our aim is twofold: to contribute to methodological advances in regional delineation, and to produce results that have real-world utility. Following the introduction, we review previous work, before describing our data and methods. Our approach produces 17 new ‘regions’ for Scotland, in contrast to the existing set of 32. Our view is that algorithmic approaches to regional delineation have much to offer in a policy setting, but this must be tempered by the fact that regions, however defined, are inherently political constructs.
Anatomic and Visual Outcomes Following Surgical Repair of Retinoschisis-Related Retinal Detachments
Authors: Stem Maxwell S. , Garretson Bruce R. , Todorich Bozho , Price Jade , Weiner Adam J. , Randhawa Sandeep , Drenser Kimberly A. , Capone Antonio , Hassan Tarek S. , Ruby Alan J. , Williams George A. , Wolfe Jeremy D. , Faia Lisa J.
Published: October 2018

Purpose:

The purpose of this article is to report the characteristics of patients with retinoschisis-related retinal detachments and to summarize their clinical outcomes after surgical repair.

Methods:

A single-center interventional case series of 37 eyes from 35 patients who underwent surgery to repair a retinoschisis-related retinal detachment between January 1, 2009 and January 1, 2017 was conducted.

Results:

The mean ± SD age at the time of the first retinal detachment repair was 63 ± 13 years. As the initial surgery, scleral buckle was performed in 14 eyes, scleral buckle + vitrectomy in 14 eyes, and vitrectomy in 9 eyes. The single-operation success rate for the entire cohort was 65% (24/37), and the final anatomic success rate was 97% (36/37). Among eyes requiring more than 1 surgery, 46% (6/13) developed proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Best-corrected visual acuity improved or remained stable after 1 year of follow-up in the majority (n = 27, 73%) of eyes. The mean (SD) number of surgeries required to achieve the final anatomic and visual result was 1.8 (1.2) for all eyes (range, 1-5 surgeries).

Conclusion:

The single-surgery success rate for retinoschisis-related retinal detachments was lower than that reported for typical rhegmatogenous retinal detachments, and the incidence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy was higher. When counseling patients with retinoschisis-related retinal detachments, it is important to caution them that they may require more than 1 surgery to achieve anatomic success.
A Research Agenda for Extending Agile Practices In Software Development and Additional Task Domains
Authors: Niederman Fred , Lechler Thomas , Petit Yvan
Published: October 2018

This article is intended to serve as an introduction to this special issue on agile practices. In doing so, we briefly survey a number of key issues that are emerging in the application of agile practices to software development (SWD) and, similarly, examine recent work on extending knowledge about these practices to other task domains. We note that the extant literature on agile practices has been criticized for lacking a theoretical basis and comment on various ways that a theory orientation can enhance the accumulation of knowledge in this area. We also address issues that expand our current understanding of agile practices as they apply to non-SWD tasks. We present a framework for surfacing and discussing some of these emergent issues. We comment on the articles in this special issue and situate them within the research framework. We discuss some of the topics we think are likely to become influential as agile practices move outside the SWD domain and, finally, we present some summarizing observations.
Phase 1b study of obinutuzumab, ibrutinib, and venetoclax in relapsed and refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Rogers Kerry A. , Huang Ying , Ruppert Amy S. , Awan Farrukh T. , Heerema Nyla A. , Hoffman Corinne , Lozanski Gerard , Maddocks Kami J. , Moran Mollie E. , Reid Mark A. , Lucas Margaret , Woyach Jennifer A. , Whitlow W. Thomas , Jones Jeffrey A. , Byrd John C.
Published: October 2018

Key Points

Cytoreduction with obinutuzumab and ibrutinib followed by the addition of venetoclax has acceptable safety with no tumor lysis syndrome. This combination has preliminary activity including complete remissions with undetectable residual disease in relapsed or refractory CLL.
Subconjunctival 0.1% epinephrine versus placebo in maintenance of mydriasis during vitrectomy: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: de Araújo Rafael B. , Azevedo Breno M. S. , Andrade Thais S. , Abalem Maria F. , Monteiro Mário L. R. , Carricondo Pedro C.
Published: October 2018

Background

Pupil dilation and mydriasis maintenance throughout vitreoretinal surgeries are important to allow satisfactory fundus visualization and reduce risk of complications. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of subconjunctival epinephrine 0.1% injection in mydriasis maintenance during vitrectomy.

Methods

Ninety-nine consecutive patients undergoing vitrectomy were enrolled. All subjects were preoperatively dilated with tropicamide 1%. Each patient was randomly allocated either in the epinephrine or placebo group. In epinephrine group, patients were submitted to a 0.2 cc subconjunctival injection of a 0.1% epinephrine solution just before first incisions. In placebo group, the same procedure was performed with 0.2 cc of saline 0.9%. Horizontal pupil diameter was measured with calipers before and in the end of the procedure.

Results

Patients in the epinephrine group showed a significantly larger mean pupil diameter in the end of the surgery compared to placebo. There was a significant increase of mean pupil diameter from the beginning to the end of the surgery in such patients. Blood pressure was significantly higher in the epinephrine group than in placebo group. No other adverse effects were noted.

Conclusion

Subconjunctival epinephrine is effective for maintaining and increasing pupil size during vitrectomy, compared to placebo. Caution should be taken regarding intraoperative blood pressure levels.

Trial registration

RBR; RBR-3qzhvg; Registered 8 May 2018—Retrospectively registered, http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-3qzhvg/.
Don’t Just Blame it on the Veins: An Update on Vascular Exertional Limb Pain
Authors: Dyer Kevin T. , Hogrefe Christopher P.
Published: October 2018

Exertional limb pain is a common problem encountered in recreational and competitive athletes. Affecting both the upper and lower extremities, this broad entity can be musculoskeletal, vascular, neurologic, oncologic, or infectious in origin. This article focuses on the vascular causes of exercise-related extremity pain, which encompass a cadre of elusive diagnoses. Specifically, we examine arterial endofibrosis, popliteal artery entrapment syndrome, and chronic exertional compartment syndrome of both the upper and lower extremities. For each of these conditions, we offer updates regarding the respective epidemiology, common signs and symptoms, worthwhile diagnostic modalities, and pertinent treatment options, all based on evidence and reports published over the past year.
Exercise Training Increases Metaboreflex Control in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: GUERRA RENAN S. , GOYA THIAGO T. , SILVA ROSYVALDO F. , LIMA MARTA F. , BARBOSA ELINE R. F. , ALVES MARIA JANIEIRE DE N. N. , RODRIGUES AMANDA G. , LORENZI-FILHO GERALDO , NEGRÃO CARLOS EDUARDO , UENO-PARDI LINDA M.
Published: October 2018

Introduction/Purpose

We demonstrated that patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have reduced muscle metaboreflex control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA). In addition, exercise training increased muscle metaboreflex control in heart failure patients.

Objective

We tested the hypothesis that exercise training would increase muscle metaboreflex control of MSNA in patients with OSA.

Methods

Forty-one patients with OSA were randomized into the following two groups: 1) nontrained (OSANT, n = 21) and 2) trained (OSAT, n = 20). Muscle sympathetic nerve activity was assessed by microneurography technique, muscle blood flow (FBF) by venous occlusion plethysmography, heart rate by electrocardiography, and blood pressure with an automated oscillometric device. All physiological variables were simultaneously assessed at rest, during isometric handgrip exercise at 30% of the maximal voluntary contraction, and during posthandgrip muscle ischemia (PHMI). Muscle metaboreflex sensitivity was calculated as the difference in MSNA between PHMI and the rest period. Patients in the OSAT group underwent 72 sessions of moderate exercise training, whereas patients in the OSANT group were clinical follow-up for 6 months.

Results

The OSANT and OSAT groups were similar in anthropometric, neurovascular, hemodynamic and sleep parameters. Exercise training reduced the baseline MSNA (34 ± 2 bursts per minute vs 25 ± 2 bursts per minute; P < 0.05) and increased the baseline FBF (2.1 ± 0.2 mL·min−1 per 100 g vs 2.4 ± 0.2 mL·min−1 per 100 g; P < 0.05). Exercise training significantly reduced MSNA levels and increased FBF responses during isometric exercise. Exercise training significantly increased MSNA responses during PHMI (Δ6.5 ± 1 vs −1.7 ± 1 bursts per minute, P < 0.01). No significant changes in FBF or hemodynamic parameters in OSANT patients were found.

Conclusions

Exercise training increases muscle metaboreflex sensitivity in patients with OSA. This autonomic change associated with increased muscle blood flow may contribute to the increase in exercise performance in this set of patients.
Diagnostic reference levels and achievable doses for common computed tomography examinations: Results from the Japanese nationwide dose survey
Authors: Matsunaga Yuta , Chida Koichi , Kondo Yuya , Kobayashi Kenichi , Kobayashi Masanao , Minami Kazuyuki , Suzuki Shoichi , Asada Yasuki
Published: October 2018

Objective:

To propose a new set of Japanese diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) and achievable doses (ADs) for 2017 and to verify the usefulness of Japanese DRLs (DRLs 2015) for CT, by investigating changes in the volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) from 2014 to 2017.

Methods:

Detailed information on the CT scan parameters used throughout Japan were obtained by questionnaire survey. The CTDIvol and dose-length product for the 11 commonest adult and 6 commonest paediatric CT examinations were surveyed and compared with 2014 data and DRLs 2015.

Results:

Evaluations of adult head (helical), and abdomen and pelvis without contrast agent, paediatric chest without contrast agent, and abdomen and pelvis without contrast agent showed a slightly lower mean CTDIvol in 2017 than in 2014 (t-test, p < 0.05). The interquartile range of CTDIvol for all 2017 examinations was lower than in 2014.

Conclusions:

This study verified the lower mean, 75th percentile, and interquartile range by investigating changes in the CTDIvol from 2014 to 2017. The DRLs 2015 contributed to CT radiation dose reduction.

Advances in knowledge:

The widespread implementation of iterative reconstruction algorithms and low-tube voltage in CT scanners is likely to facilitate further reduction in the CT radiation dose used in Japan. Although radiological technologists may require further education on appropriate CTDIvol and DLP usage, the DRLs 2015 greatly contributed to the reduction of the CT radiation dose used in Japan.
Score-Rating and Academic Assessment
Authors: Щапов А. , Schapov A.
Published: October 2018

A signifi cant contrast between the academic evaluation of the students’ knowledge in marks and in higher educational institutions of the Russian Federation using a score-rating system is noted. It is emphasized that the readiness of higher educational institutions to accept the score-rating system depends on the level of implanting the rating technologies in the formation of the total subject assessment.
Information Openness of Education As a Resource for Improving the Quality of the Conditions for Providing Educational Services
Authors: Красношлыкова Ольга , Krasnoshlykova Olga , Шефер И. , Shefer I. , Кузнецова Алена , Kuznecova Alena
Published: October 2018

Based on data on the information openness of the education system and educational institutions of Kemerovo Region obtained by means of the integrated monitoring implemented in the region since 2008, as well as on the results of an independent assessment of education quality, the authors analyze the development of informatization processes in the context of ensuring the information openness of the region’s education and its results (on the example of general education institutions) in order to identify possible prospects and improve the activities in question. The eff orts of state, education authorities and regional organizations on informatization have resulted in achieving high values of the indicators of normative, material, HR, programme, and organizational support of information openness. However, the availability of information and services intended for the interaction of all the participants in the educational process presents a problem for a large number of organizations and indicates the failure to fulfi ll the functional tasks of ensuring openness and accessibility of information about an organization. The authors suppose that this makes it possible to determine the further prospects for implementing the regional educational policy in the fi eld of informatization, with an emphasis on eff ective practices of interaction between interested parties and satisfaction of their information needs.
THE RELAY IS IN THE STYLE OF «ECO». A methodology for conducting extracurricular activities on ecology
Authors: Жукова Ирина , Zhukova Irina
Published: October 2018

The author proposes a methodology for conducting extracurricular activities on ecology, the objectives of which are the formation of students ' skills of energy and resource saving, education of consumer environmental culture responsible consumer, the development of interest in reducing the «ecological footprint» of man on Earth. The material is intended for the organization of extracurricular activities with first-year students of the College, but can be integrated in separate stages in environmental studies
Acmeological Values «Generation Z» in Pre-Learning «Technology» in College
Authors: Бычков Анатолий , Bychkov Anatoliy
Published: October 2018

As a priority for teachers it is advisable to solve the actual problem of attracting to the system of secondary vocational education graduates of the primary school, and not only poorly performing. To form students at the level of pre-profi le training “Technology” motivation to continue their education in colleges need to show them the value of secondary vocational education from the perspective of acmeology — the theory of higher human achievements. Acmeological values are truly humanistic values that ensure maximum human self-development. As acmeological values, teachers should use the interrelated personal learning outcomes of “Technology” in primary school and supporting their universal competence of secondary vocational education, presented in the Federal state educational standards, which can be adopted by adolescents as personally signifi cant, taking into account the characteristics of the personality of the new generation of adolescents.
Credit analysis in a commercial Bank
Authors: Хасянова Светлана , Khasyanova Svetlana
Published: October 2018

The main issues related to the organization of the credit analysis process in a commercial Bank, the role of credit analysis in the risk management system. From the standpoint of an integrated approach, the methodology and specific methods of assessing the creditworthiness of borrowers used by banks are described. The manual includes international recommendations for the implementation of banks ' internal credit risk assessment systems. In presenting the material used examples from the practice of commercial banks, analytical tables, charts and figures.
This manual is intended for students of master's programs of the direction 38.04.08 "Finance and credit" and the final course of the bachelor direction 38.03.01 "Economics", studying the discipline "Credit policy of the Bank", "Bank management and risk analysis" and other disciplines of financial profilez in a commercial Bank
Use of wet-to-moist cleansing with different irrigation solutions to reduce bacterial bioburden in chronic wounds
Authors: Assadian Ojan , Kammerlander Gerhard , Geyrhofer Claudia , Luch Gerlinde , Doppler Stefan , Tuchmann Felix , Eberlein Thomas , Leaper David
Published: October 2018

Objective:

The influence of different irrigation solutions, in conjunction with wet-to-moist cleansing, on the reduction of sessile, non-planktonic bacteria which colonise wounds, has not been investigated. In this study, the antibacterial effect of different irrigation solutions, during a 20-minute wet-to-moist cleansing, has been evaluated in chronic wounds.

Methods:

This study was designed as a prospective cohort study with 12 study arms and was conducted between June 2011 and April 2016. Patients with chronic wounds present for more than three months, irrespective of previous treatments, were recruited into this study. Quantitative wound swabs were obtained before and after a 20-minute, wet-to-moist cleansing, using different wound irrigation solutions. Sterile 0.9% saline served as a control.

Results:

We recruited 308 patients, of which 260 patients with 299 chronic wounds were eligible for analysis. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common recovered (25.5%) microorganism, of which 8% were meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. Although 0.9% saline supported cleansing of the wound bed, it did not significantly reduce the bacterial burden. The highest reduction of bacterial burden was achieved with an aqueous solution containing betaine, zinc and polyhexamethylene biguanide (polihexanide; ln RF=3.72), followed by a 3% saline solution containing 0.2% sodium hypochlorite (ln RF=3.40). The most statistically significant reduction of bacterial burden, although not the highest, was achieved with povidone-iodine (ln RF=2.98; p=0.001) and an irrigation solution containing sea salt 1.2% and NaOCl 0.04% (ln RF=2.51; p=0.002).

Conclusion:

If a reduction of bacterial burden is warranted, wound irrigation solutions containing a combination of hypochlorite/hypochlorous acid, or antiseptics such as polihexanide, octenidine or povidone-iodine, ought to be considered.
Skin injury prevalence and incidence in China: a multicentre investigation
Authors: Feng Haixia , Wu Yanping , Su Chang , Li Guohong , Xu Cuirong , Ju Changping
Published: October 2018

Objective:

To quantify the prevalence and incidence of different skin injuries, pressure ulcers (PU), skin tears (ST) and incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) in China, and to identify their causes to aid prevention and control.

Method:

A cross-sectional observational study was conducted across nine tertiary hospitals. Registered nurses were trained on a standard approach to injury assessment and examination. The study was carried out at the same time on the same day across the participating centres. Participating patients were examined for PU, ST or IAD.

Results:

A total of 13,176 inpatients were assessed and 233 PU were identified, of which 126 occurred in hospitals, 99 cases at home and eight cases within community hospitals. In addition, there were 141 skin tears and 97 IADs.

Conclusion:

This study involved the largest number of hospitals, to date (in China). Therefore, the prevalence and rate of incidence of skin injury obtained in this study may represent a regional baseline in China.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Binuclear and Pentanuclear Nickel(II) Complexes Containing 4-(salicylaldiminato)antipyrine Schiff base
Authors: EL-Kaheli Mohamed N. , Abuhmaiera Ramadan G. , Treish Fathia A. , Ben Yunes Mufida M. , Elmehdawi Ramadan Mohamed , Guerri Annalisa , Caneschi Andrea , Bazzicalupi Carla
Published: October 2018

The new title binuclear Ni (II) compound Â (1) and the novel pentanuclear Ni (II) cluster {[ Â  } (2) are formed from the reaction of an asymmetric Schiff base ligand L (L = 4-(salicylaldiminato)antipyrine) with Ni .4 Â in the former or Ni(ClO4)2.6H2O in presence of malonate in the later. Â Complex (1) consists of ( ]+ cation) and one uncoordinated tetraphenylborate anion. Â The cation adopts a distorted octahedral arrangement around each metal center. Â In the binuclear unit both Ni(II) ions are linked through two phenolate (Âµ2-O) oxygen atoms of L, and two oxygen atoms of aÂ  bridging carboxylate group. Each Ni (II) coordinates to four oxygen atoms at the basal plane, two oxygen atoms from two bridging phenolate groups, one from pyrazolone ring and the last of an aqua molecule, and at the axial positions to a bridging carboxylate-O atom and an azomethine nitrogen atom. Â In the pentanuclear cluster (2) consisting of [ ]+2 cation and two tetraphenylborate anions, the core of the cation is assembled by four [Ni( )] units, linked to the central Ni-ion by two bridging water molecules. The resulting coordination sphere for the external symmetry related nickel ions is a pseudo octahedron. Â The central Ni-atom unusually adopts dodecahedron geometry through its coordination to eight bridging water molecules. In complex (1) each Ni-atom is coordinated to one tridentate L ligand and in complex (2) each [Ni ( )] unit is coordinated to two bidentate L ligands. Â Inter-and intramolecular hydrogen bonds are present in both crystal structures.
Prevention of Cell Growth by Suppression of Villin Expression in Lithocholic Acid-Stimulated HepG2 Cells
Authors: Ozeki Munetaka , Aini Wulamujiang , Miyagawa-Hayashino Aya , Tamaki Keiji
Published: October 2018

Summary

Cholestasis is a condition wherein bile flow is interrupted and lithocholic acid is known to play a key role in causing severe liver injury. In this study, we performed in-depth analysis of the morphological changes in bile canaliculi and the biological role of villin in cholestasis using lithocholic acid-stimulated HepG2 human hepatocarcinoma cells. We confirmed disruption of the bile canaliculi in liver sections from a liver allograft patient with cholestasis. Lithocholic acid caused strong cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells, which was associated with abnormal morphology. Lithocholic acid reduced villin expression, which recovered in the presence of nuclear receptor agonists. Furthermore, villin mRNA expression increased following small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of the nuclear farnesoid X receptor and pregnane X receptor. Villin knockdown using siRNA caused cell growth arrest in HepG2 cells. The effect of villin-knockdown on whole-genome expression in HepG2 cells was analyzed by DNA microarray. Our data suggest that lithocholic acid caused cell growth arrest by suppressing villin expression via farnesoid X receptor and pregnane X receptor in HepG2 cells.
Endovascular Stenting in 2 Patients with Benign Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
Authors: Hooker Jared B. , Hawkins Beau M. , Abu-Fadel Mazen S.
Published: October 2018

Superior vena cava syndrome has typically been associated with malignant conditions; however, the number of benign cases has started to grow as the use of upper-extremity venous lines and implantable cardiac devices increases. Whereas endovascular techniques are standardly used to treat patients with malignancies, the optimal care of patients with benign causes is less clear because they typically have longer life expectancies. We describe 2 cases of benign superior vena cava syndrome successfully managed with endovascular stenting, and we review the relevant literature. Of 145 cases in 10 series (average follow-up time, 24 mo), 96% of patients experienced symptomatic relief after endovascular management, with a primary patency rate of 66% and a secondary rate of 93%. Although few data exist to compare open surgical and endovascular techniques directly, both approaches appear to produce similar rates of patency. Both approaches frequently necessitate secondary intervention to maintain patency, but endovascular management is associated with fewer complications. We conclude that endovascular management of benign superior vena cava syndrome is a safe, effective, and reasonable initial management approach.
High-Risk Cardiovascular Conditions in Sports-Related Sudden Death: Prevalence in 5,169 Schoolchildren Screened via Cardiac Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Angelini Paolo , Cheong Benjamin Y. , Lenge De Rosen Veronica V. , Lopez Alberto , Uribe Carlo , Masso Anthony H. , Ali Syed W. , Davis Barry R. , Muthupillai Raja , Willerson James T.
Published: October 2018

Improving preparticipation screening of candidates for sports necessitates establishing the prevalence of high-risk cardiovascular conditions (hr-CVC) that predispose young people to sudden cardiac death (SCD). Our accurate, novel protocol chiefly involved the use of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) to estimate this prevalence.

Middle and high school students from a general United States population were screened by means of questionnaires, resting electrocardiograms, and CMR to determine the prevalence of 3 types of hr-CVC: electrocardiographic abnormalities, cardiomyopathies, and anomalous coronary artery origin from the opposite sinus with intramural coronary course (ACAOS-IM). We examined the range of normal left ventricular size and function in the main study cohort (schoolchildren 11–14 yr old). We defined diagnostic criteria for hr-CVC and compared the cardiac measurements of these younger participants with those of older children whom we examined (age, 15–18 yr).

From 5,169 completed diagnostic studies (mean participant age, 13.06 ± 1.78 yr), CMR results revealed 76 previously undiagnosed cases of hr-CVC (1.47% of the total cohort): 11 of dilated cardiomyopathy (14.5%), 3 of nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (3.9%), 23 ACAOS-IM cases (30.3%; 6 left-ACAOS and 17 right-ACAOS), 4 Wolff-Parkinson-White patterns (5.3%), 34 prolonged QT intervals (44.7%), and 1 Brugada pattern (1.3%). Cardiomyopathies were significantly more prevalent in the older children. Of note, we identified 959 cases (18.5%) of left ventricular noncompaction.

If our estimate is accurate, only 1.47% of school-age sports participants will need focused secondary evaluations; the rest can probably be reassured about their cardiac health after one 30-minute screening study.
Reformas en la legislación educativa española durante el actual período democrático: Una perspectiva crítica
Authors: Llorent-Bedmar Vicente , Cobano-Delgado Palma Verónica
Published: October 2018

Desde la promulgación de la actual Constitución de 1978, se ha producido siete reformas de la legislación educativa de importancia y multitud de Reales Decretos, Órdenes, Reglamentos, que han supuesto que los cambios y las modificaciones sean una constante. En España, las disposiciones legales adoptadas unilateralmente por los grandes partidos, conservador y progresista, han adolecido del deseable consenso, constituyendo una rémora que las ha lastrado, propiciando bandazos inconsistentes. Tras una perspectiva ideológica neoliberal eminentemente pragmática, con la reciente Ley Orgánica de Calidad Educativa, se intenta una unificación curricular, dotar de mayor autonomía a los centros y fortalecer los centros privados, teniendo en cuenta el mercado laboral. Con esta reforma, la participación democrática de los distintos sectores que integran la comunidad escolar se ve fuertemente recortada y, en aras de una mayor calidad de la enseñanza, se reduce la capacidad decisoria del máximo órgano de participación en los centros educativos, el consejo escolar de centro.
Gaps in persistence under open-access and tuition-free public higher education policies
Authors: Adrogue Cecilia , García de Fanelli Ana María
Published: October 2018

The massification of Argentine higher education intensified in the context of open-access and tuition free public university policies. Although Argentina stands out in relation to enrollment in higher education, it faces serious problems in terms of retention and graduation. To study the factors associated with dropout in the higher education system, we use the Permanent Household Survey, or EPH, to measure these phenomena. The EPH is a quarterly national survey that systematically and permanently collects data on the population’s demographic, educational, labor and socioeconomic characteristics. Based on the EPH, we calculated the global dropout and graduation rates by socioeconomic status and gender and used logistic regression models to estimate the effect of some demographic, socioeconomic, institutional and financial factors on dropout probability. Among the main findings, we observed that the socioeconomic status and being a first-generation student matter. We detected that being a first-generation student, even after controlling for the socioeconomic status of the student’s household, gender, the type of institution (tertiary non-university or university) and having a scholarship, implies a higher probability of dropout. We conclude that these results are most germane to public policy design and possible replications of this methodology in other Latin American countries.
Examining coaches workaholic level according to some variables
Antrenörlerde işkoliklik düzeylerinin bazı değişkenlere göre incelenmesi
Authors: Uğurlu Aylin , Şahin Mustafa Yaşar
Published: October 2018

This research was conducted to determine the coaches workaholic level, the comparison of demographic variables. In this context, Dutch Work Addiction Scale (Duwas), developed by Schaufeli, Taris and Bakker (2006) and adapted to Turkish by Doğan and Tel (2011), was used as a data collection tool in the descriptive survey model. The sample of the research consists of 394 volunteer participants determined by the random method. Frequency, percentage distributions, t-test for binary groups, OneWay-ANOVA for multiple groups were used as statistical methods in the evaluation of research data. In conclusion, it was found that the levels of worker coaches were high and the compulsive working sub-dimension was significant. When the findings obtained from the research were evaluated in terms of demographic variables, it was determined that those who had problems in the family were significantly higher in the level of conflict of work and family life.Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.ÖzetBu araştırma, antrenörlerin işkoliklik düzeylerinin tespiti ve demografik değişkenler açısından karşılaştırılması amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu çerçeveden hareketle betimsel tarama modelinde olan araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Schaufeli, Taris ve Bakker (2006) tarafından geliştirilen, Doğan ve Tel (2011) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlaması gerçekleştirilen Duwas İşkoliklik Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini rastgele örneklem metoduyla belirlenen 394 gönüllü katılımcı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma verilerinin değerlendirilmesinde istatistikî yöntem olarak frekans, yüzde dağılımları, İkili gruplar için t-testi, çoklu gruplar için tek yönlü varyans analizleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda; antrenörlerin işkoliklik düzeylerinin yüksek ve işkoliklik ölçeğine ait kompulsif çalışma alt boyutun belirgin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgular demografik değişkenler açısından değerlendirildiğinde ailesinde sorun yaşayanların işkoliklik düzeylerinin anlamlı derecede yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir.
The examination of motivational climate and goal orientation in basketball players-who did and did not experience a sports injury
Authors: Bashan Ibrahim , Toros Turhan
Published: October 2018

Aim: In this research it was aimed if there is a difference between mastery-performance climate and task-ego orientation variables of basketball players who did and did not experience a sports injury.Methods: This study group consists of 165 male basketball players who experienced mid-degree and serious sports injuries that are actively playing basketball in 18 years and older basketball teams and 142 male basketball players who did not experience any sports injury, or experienced a minor injury that are actively playing basketball in 18 years and older basketball teams, in total, 307 male basketball players. Participation to the study was done appropriately to the principles of voluntariness and privacy. As data collecting tools, “Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire” and Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire’’ were used. For data analysis, the Kolmogorov Smirnov test was used to determine if points show normal distribution or not. Also descriptive statistics, Mann Whitney U-test from the nonparametric tests because the distribution was not normal and in order to determine the relation between measure lower dimension Spearman Correlation tests were used. In order to calculate the internal consistency of the scales, Cronbach Alpha test was considered.Findings: According to the research findings, as a result of Mann Whitney U-test no meaningful difference was found between basketball players’s mastery climate average points (U=8902, p>0.05), performance climate average points (U=9121, p>0.05) goal orientation average points (U=9432, p>0.05), ego orientation average points who did and did not experience a sports injury. There is positively meaningful relationship between Goal orientation and Mastery climate (r=0,341), Ego orientation and Performance climate (r=0,618).Conclusions: As a result by handling interactions of different dimensions of sports psychology together, it is thought that it is possible to open new horizons in treating or preventing sports injuries in the future.
Eksplorasi dan Karakterisasi Khamir dan Bakteri sebagai Agens Antagonis terhadap Penyebab Penyakit Blas pada Padi
Authors: Maknunah Jauharoh , Sinaga Meity Suradji
Published: October 2018

Exploration of Yeasts and Bacteria as Antagonist Agent of Rice Blast PathogenBlast disease (Pyricularia oryzae) is a major disease of rice that causes 61% yield losses. An alternative way to control the disease is applying antagonistic agents, both yeasts and bacteria. This study was aimed to obtain yeast and bacterial isolates that can be used as antagonistic agents to effectively control blast disease. Yeasts and bacteria were isolated from the leaves of Digitaria sp., Panicum sp., and Pennisetum sp.. The isolates of yeasts and bacteria were screened following hypersensitive test on tobacco leaves, direct planting method test on ‘Ciherang’ rice seed, and hemolysis test on blood agar medium. The isolates were also further assayed for their antagonism through dual culture test, volatile compound test, hyperparasitism test, and chitinolytic activity test. Three isolates of yeast, i.e. Cryptococcus sp., Rhodotorula sp., and Candida sp., and two bacterial isolates, i.e. Bacillus sp. and isolate PPY were identified as potential antagonists of P. oryzae.
Global regularity for systems with p-structure depending on the symmetric gradient
Authors: Berselli Luigi C. , Růžička Michael
Published: October 2018

In this paper we study on smooth bounded domains the global
regularity (up to the boundary) for weak solutions to systems having
p-structure depending only on the symmetric part of the gradient.
Sustaining Cooperation Through Strategic Self-Interested Actions
Authors: Lancia Francesco , Russo Alessia
Published: October 2018

This paper studies how organizations seek to promote cooperation between their members when individual contributions to an organization’s output are imperfectly observable. It considers an overlapping-generations game in which members with conflicting interests expend effort in pursuing activities outside the organization, in addition to the effort they devote to increasing the organization’s output. We show that cooperation is easier to enforce when organizations link rewards and punishments to effort in outside activities. In the best public perfect equilibrium, effort in outside activities is distorted in order to signal a member’s willingness to cooperate inside the organization.
Recognition of 2-dimensional projective linear groups by the group order and the set of numbers of its elements of each order
Authors: Khalili Asboei Alireza
Published: October 2018

In a finite group G, let {\pi_{e}(G)} be the set of orders of elements of G, let {s_{k}} denote the number of elements of order k in G, for each {k\in\pi_{e}(G)}, and then let {\operatorname{nse}(G)} be the unordered set {\{s_{k}:k\in\pi_{e}(G)\}}.
In this paper, it is shown that if {\lvert G\rvert=\lvert L_{2}(q)\rvert} and {\operatorname{nse}(G)=\operatorname{nse}(L_{2}(q))} for some prime-power q, then G is isomorphic to {L_{2}(q)}.
QCL-based frequency metrology from the mid-infrared to the THz range: a review
Authors: Consolino Luigi , Cappelli Francesco , de Cumis Mario Siciliani , De Natale Paolo
Published: October 2018

Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are becoming a key tool for plenty of applications, from the mid-infrared (mid-IR) to the THz range. Progress in related areas, such as the development of ultra-low-loss crystalline microresonators, optical frequency standards, and optical fiber networks for time and frequency dissemination, is paving the way for unprecedented applications in many fields. For most demanding applications, a thorough control of QCLs emission must be achieved. In the last few years, QCLs’ unique spectral features have been unveiled, while multifrequency QCLs have been demonstrated. Ultra-narrow frequency linewidths are necessary for metrological applications, ranging from cold molecules interaction and ultra-high sensitivity spectroscopy to infrared/THz metrology. A review of the present status of research in this field is presented, with a view of perspectives and future applications.
Epsilon-near-zero medium for optical switches in a monolithic waveguide chip at 1.9 μm
Authors: Jiang Xiantao , Lu Huiling , Li Qian , Zhou Hang , Zhang Shengdong , Zhang Han
Published: October 2018

A saturable absorber is a building block for integrated ultrafast photonics and passive optical circuits. However, options currently available suffer from the bottlenecks of the necessity for fine control of the material preparation, large optical losses, and compatibility. This paper presents a complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible alternative based on an epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) medium, in which the real part of the dielectric constant vanishes. Excellent nonlinear optical modulations, including low linear optical losses, low bleaching threshold, moderate optical amplitude modulation, and high modulation speed of indium tin oxide (ITO) in its ENZ region are achieved. The use of ITO as an intracavity saturable absorber for optical switches of integrated waveguide chip lasers at 1.9 μm has been realized. A stable mode-locked waveguide laser with a repetition rate of 6.4 GHz and an average output power of 28.6 mW is achieved via carefully adjusting the intracavity three-surface interferometer (TSI). This work may pave the way for integrated photonics and electro-optics using a CMOS-compatible ENZ medium.
The crystal structure of 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole, C8H5FN2O
Authors: Zhou Zhixu , Long Dan , Wu Qing-Mei , Yu De-Hou , Lu Hong-Guang
Published: October 2018

C8H5N2O, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4) a = 7.892(8) Å, b = 6.088(6) Å, c = 15.701(16) Å, β = 90.08(3)°, V = 754.4(13) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0423, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1032, T = 273 K.