bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Topological defect-propelled swimming of nematic colloids
Authors: Yao Tianyi , Kos Žiga , Zhang Qi Xing , Luo Yimin , Steager Edward B. , Ravnik Miha , Stebe Kathleen J.
Published: August 2022

Topological defects on colloids rotating in nematic liquid crystals form far-from-equilibrium structures that perform complex swim strokes in which the defects periodically extend, depin, and contract. These defect dynamics propel the colloid, generating translation from rotation. The swimmer’s speed and direction are determined by the topological defect’s polarity and extent of elongation. Defect elongation is controlled by a rotating external magnetic field, allowing control over particle trajectories. The swimmers’ translational motion relies on broken symmetries associated with lubrication forces between the colloid and the bounding surfaces, line tensions associated with the elongated defect, and anisotropic viscosities associated with the defect elongation adjacent to the colloid. The scattering or effective pair interaction of these swimmers is highly anisotropic, with polarization-dependent dimer stability and motion that depend strongly on entanglement and sharing of their extended defect structures. This research introduces transient, far-from-equilibrium topological defects as a class of virtual functional structures that generate modalities of motion and interaction.
In situ integrated microrobots driven by artificial muscles built from biomolecular motors
Authors: Wang Yingzhe , Nitta Takahiro , Hiratsuka Yuichi , Morishima Keisuke
Published: August 2022

Microrobots have been developed for applications in the submillimeter domain such as the manipulation of micro-objects and microsurgery. Rapid progress has been achieved in developing miniaturized components for microrobotic systems, resulting in a variety of functional microactuators and soft components for creating untethered microrobots. Nevertheless, the integration of microcomponents, especially the assembly of actuators and mechanical components, is still time-consuming and has inherent restrictions, thus limiting efficient fabrications of microrobots and their potential applications. Here, we propose a method for fabricating microrobots in situ inspired by the construction of microsystems in living organisms. In a microfluidic chip, hydrogel mechanical components and artificial muscle actuators are successively photopatterned from hydrogel prepolymer and biomolecular motors, respectively, and integrated in situ into functional microrobots. The proposed method allows the fast fabrication of microrobots through simple operations and affordable materials while providing versatile functions through the precise spatiotemporal control of in situ integration and reconfiguration of artificial muscles. To validate the method, we fabricated microrobots to elicit different motions and on-chip robots with unique characteristics for microfluidic applications. This study may establish a new paradigm for microrobot integration and lead to the production of unique biohybrid microrobots with various advantages.
Interactions between Soil Bacterial Diversity and Plant-Parasitic Nematodes in Soybean Plants
Authors: Barros Felipe Martins do Rêgo , Pedrinho Alexandre , Mendes Lucas William , Freitas Caio César Gomes , Andreote Fernando Dini
Published: August 2022

Root-knot and root-lesion nematodes cause losses of billions of dollars every year to agriculture worldwide. Traditionally, they are controlled by using chemical nematicides, which in general have a negative impact on the environment and human health.
Seasonal Succession and Temperature Response Pattern of a Microbial Community in the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass
Authors: Liu Jiwen , Qiao Yanlu , Xin Yu , Li Yang , Zhang Xiao-Hua
Published: August 2022

Microbial seasonality is driven by a set of covarying factors including temperature. There is still a lack of understanding of the details of the phylogenetic structure and susceptibility of microbial communities in response to temperature variation.
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Lcr35 Stimulates Epithelial Vaginal Defenses upon Gardnerella vaginalis Infection
Authors: Miquel Sylvie , Verlaguet Julien , Garcin Sophie , Bertran Thomas , Evrard Bertrand , Forestier Christiane , Vareille-Delarbre Marjolaine
Published: August 2022

Dysbiosis of the vaginal microbiome as a result of overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria, such as
Gardnerella vaginalis
, and low levels of “healthy” lactobacilli leads to bacterial vaginosis (BV), usually associated with a low-grade inflammatory process. Despite appropriate antibiotic treatment,
G. vaginalis
-associated BV is characterized by significant recurrence.
Simulated Colonic Fluid Replicates the
In Vivo
Growth Capabilities of Citrobacter rodentium
cpxRA
Mutants and Uncovers Additive Effects of Cpx-Regulated Genes on Fitness
Authors: Gilliland Ashley , Gavino Christina , Gruenheid Samantha , Raivio Tracy
Published: August 2022

Citrobacter rodentium
is an attaching and effacing (A/E) pathogen used to model enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic
Escherichia coli
infections in mice. During colonization,
C. rodentium
must adapt to stresses in the gastrointestinal tract, such as antimicrobial peptides, pH changes, and bile salts.
Rapid Loss of CD4 T Cells by Pyroptosis during Acute SIV Infection in Rhesus Macaques
Authors: He Xuan , Aid Malika , Ventura John D. , Borducchi Erica , Lifton Michelle , Liu Jinyan , Barouch Dan H.
Published: August 2022

Different mechanisms for CD4 T cell depletion during acute HIV-1 infection have been proposed. In this study, we demonstrate that in early simian immunodeficiency virus infection, depletion of CD4 T cells is primarily due to pyroptosis. Other mechanisms may also contribute in a minor way to CD4 T cell depletion.
Adaptive Mutation in the Main Protease Cleavage Site of Feline Coronavirus Renders the Virus More Resistant to Main Protease Inhibitors
Authors: Jiao Zhe , Yan Yuanyuan , Chen Yixi , Wang Gang , Wang Xiaowei , Li Lisha , Yang Mengfang , Hu Xiaoshuai , Guo Yilin , Shi Yuejun , Peng Guiqing
Published: August 2022

CoVs cause serious human infections, and antiviral drugs are currently approved to treat these infections. The development of protease-targeting therapeutics for CoV infection is hindered by resistance mutations.
Mature Rotavirus Particles Contain Equivalent Amounts of
7me
GpppG-Capped and Noncapped Viral Positive-Sense RNAs
Authors: Moreno-Contreras Joaquin , Sánchez-Tacuba Liliana , Arias Carlos F. , López Susana
Published: August 2022

Rotaviruses have a genome composed of 11 segments of double-stranded RNA. Whether all 5′ ends of the positive-sense genomic RNAs contained in the mature viral particles are modified by a cap structure is unknown.
Bacterial Diversity Profiling of Desert Sand from Tierra Caliente, Mexico, Based on 16S rRNA Gene Amplicon Sequencing
Authors: Ramos-Madrigal Cristal , Martínez-Romero Esperanza , Tapia-Torres Yunuen , Servín-Garcidueñas Luis E.
Published: August 2022

Tierra Caliente is an arid region in Mexico, representing a reservoir of understudied xerophilic bacteria. Here, we report the bacterial amplicon sequencing characterization of desert sand collected from the Zicuirán-Infiernillo Biosphere Reserve within Tierra Caliente. Bacteria known to be resistant to desiccation and high radiation were detected.
Moisture Controls the Suppression of
Panax notoginseng
Root Rot Disease by Indigenous Bacterial Communities
Authors: Guo Cunwu , Yang Min , Jiang Bingbing , Ye Chen , Luo Lifen , Liu Yixiang , Huang Huichuan , Mei Xinyue , Zhu Yifan , Deng Weiping , Du Fei , He Xiahong , Zhu Youyong , Zhu Shusheng
Published: August 2022

Soilborne diseases pose a major problem in high-intensity agricultural systems due to the imbalance of microbial communities in soil, resulting in the buildup of soilborne pathogens. Harnessing indigenous soil microbial suppression is an emerging strategy for overcoming soilborne plant diseases.
Newtonian Cosmology and Relativistic Theory
Authors: Novikov I. D. , Novikov I. D.
Published: August 2022

This paper refutes the erroneous statements that arose in theoretical cosmology almost 90 years ago. The method accepted in the literature for deriving the local properties of the Friedmann cosmological model, using only Newton theory, without resorting to Einstein theory, is considered. We showed that the usual method of such inference is not sufficient to obtain the correct result, and leads to errors. Requirements are formulated that are sufficient for the Newtonian model to really be an approximation to the relativistic theory.
Haemophagocytic lymphocytic histiocytosis/macrophage activation syndrome with acute inflammatory gastroenteritis
Authors: Kolachana Sindhura , Malik Albahi , Nanjudappa Athmananda , Iding Jeffrey , Bhansali Deepty , Haas Christopher J
Published: August 2022

Haemophagocytic lymphocytic histiocytosis (HLH) is a rare, life-threatening condition caused by abnormal activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, natural killer cells and macrophages resulting in hypercytokinaemia and immune-mediated injury of multiple organ systems. Secondary HLH occurs in the setting of a malignant, infectious or autoimmune stimulus. Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is the term used to describe HLH that develops secondary to rheumatological diseases such as lupus and juvenile idiopathic arthritis, among others. Commonly observed and documented symptoms include fever, organomegaly and lymphadenopathy. Given the potential for multiorgan failure in HLH/MAS, early identification, diagnosis and initiation of treatment is essential. We present a case of secondary HLH/MAS with acute inflammatory gastroenteritis in a middle-aged woman with a history of systemic lupus erythematosus.
Temporal trend of first-ever ischaemic stroke incidence from 2010 to 2019 in South Korea: a nationwide retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lee Jeehye , Kim Hyeongsu , Moon Jusun , Shin Jinyoung , Jeong Hojin , Kim Youngtaek
Published: August 2022

Objective

Ischaemic stroke incidence is on the decline globally, but the trend in South Korea is unknown. In this study, the 10-year incidence trends of first-ever ischaemic stroke in South Korea were evaluated.

Design, setting and participants

The National Health Insurance Services medical claim data were used to construct 10 annual cohorts of adults aged 20 years and older, who had not been diagnosed with stroke, to find out the incidence trends of first-ever ischaemic stroke from 2010 to 2019.

Outcome measures

The primary outcomes were crude and age-adjusted incidence rates for 10 years. Crude incidence rates of the age groups and incidence age statistics were calculated. For comparison among the income groups, age-adjusted incidence rates were used. Incidence rates in all the groups were analysed separately by sex.

Results

Age-standardised incidence rates of ischaemic stroke per 100 000 were 101.0 in men, and 67.6 in women in 2010; and 92.2 in men, and 55.0 in women in 2019. By age group, there was a decrease in women over 40 years of age, and men over 60 years of age. The relative difference in stroke incidence rates between medical aid beneficiaries and the highest income group increased from 1.5 to 1.87 over 10 years.

Conclusions

Age-standardised incidence rate of ischaemic stroke has decreased from 2010 to 2019 for both man and women. The incidence rate was stable in the younger age groups and decreased in the older age groups, and the disparities between income groups have widened over the past decade. Stroke prevention strategies are needed for the younger age group and the low-income group. Further research is needed to study the risk factors contributing to the incidence of ischaemic stroke in different groups.
Healthcare professionals’ perceptions and experiences of physiotherapy for people with mental illness: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-ethnography
Authors: Hemmings Laura , Heneghan Nicola R , Byrd Erin , Stubbs Brendon , Soundy Andrew
Published: August 2022

Introduction

There is a high global prevalence of patients presenting with physical and mental health comorbidities. Physiotherapeutic interventions, such as exercise, can have positive benefits for physical and mental health. However, poor accessibility and negative experiences of healthcare services for those with mental illness (MI) have been consistently observed within literature with recent research identifying poor experiences of physiotherapeutic interactions and processes such as referrals and discharges. One way to help improve physiotherapy services for this population is to understand the personal experiences and perceptions of healthcare professionals (HCPs) toward physiotherapy for patients with MI. Qualitative-based evidence syntheses are suited to bring this data together with the aim of improving physiotherapy services for patients with MI. This review will systematically search and synthesise existing evidence around HCP experiences and perceptions of physiotherapy for people with MI.

Methods and analysis

A systematic search and seven-phase meta-ethnography will be undertaken. A comprehensive search of electronic databases (CINAHL plus, MEDLINE, Pubmed, Embase and Psycinfo) and search engines as well as grey literature (unpublished primary research such as theses) will be completed. Searches are planned to take place in July 2022. Eligibility criteria include: (a) qualitative data, (b) perceptions identified from HCP, including physiotherapists, assistants and HCP referring into physiotherapy, about physiotherapy for patients with MI and (c) are primary studies.

Ethics and dissemination

This work is exempt from requiring ethical approval due to review methodology with data accessed from published works. This systematic review is expected to provide insight into experiences and perceptions of HCP around benefits and barriers to accessing physiotherapy for patients with mental health illness. Findings will be used to inform further research and co-develop recommendations to overcome barriers and optimise facilitators to care for this population. Findings will be disseminated via peer-reviewed journal, conference presentations and to key stakeholder groups.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021293035.
Examining the discourse regarding the delivery of occupational infection prevention and control training to healthcare workers: a scoping review of pandemic plans of 23 countries
Authors: Qureshi Mohammmed Owais , Chughtai Abrar Ahmad , Islam M Saiful , Tuckerman Jane , Seale Holly
Published: August 2022

Background

Over the years, countries reformed their pandemic plans but still healthcare systems were unprepared to handle the COVID-19 pandemic. Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers (HCWs) raised issues around shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE), inadequate occupational infection prevention and control (IPC) training, lack of guidance regarding reuse/extended use of PPE and absence of HCWs.

Objective

The objective of this scoping review was to compare national and transnational pandemic plans and COVID-19 guidelines for the inclusion of recommendations regarding pandemic-specific occupational IPC training for HCWs, as well as strategies for managing the surge in PPE needs and staffing.

Inclusion criteria

From each of the six WHO defined world regions, four countries with the highest burden of COVID-19 cases (as of mid-2020) were selected and attempted to locate the relevant pandemic plans and COVID-19 guidelines.

Methods

Searches were undertaken of 1: National Guidelines Clearinghouse, 2: websites of international public healthcare agencies such as WHO, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and, 3: in-country health departments/Ministry of Health/Department of Public Health, between June 2020 and July 2021. The data were summarised under six themes drawn from publicly available pandemic plans and COVID-19 (IPC) guidelines of WHO, ECDC and 23 countries.

Results

The WHO, ECDC and 14 countries reported pandemic-specific IPC training; however, only four discussed training HCWs on correct PPE use; six countries listed strategies to manage the surge in demand of HCWs, while only five discussed managing the shortage of PPE. None of the COVID-19 guidelines recommended training HCWs for correct reuse or extended use of PPE and only one country’s guideline outlined mandatory HCWs attendance and delivery of training in a regional language.

Conclusion

Pandemic plans should be revised to include guiding principles regarding the delivery of pandemic specific IPC training. There is also a need to provide guidance on when countries should consider reuse and extended use of PPE. This discourse should also be reflected in disease-specific pandemic guidelines, like COVID-19 (IPC) guidelines. The aim of this review is to assist international health agencies in generating evidence-based guideline updates.
Comparison of prognostic scores for inpatients with COVID-19: a retrospective monocentric cohort study
Authors: Martin Jeremy , Gaudet-Blavignac Christophe , Lovis Christian , Stirnemann Jérôme , Grosgurin Olivier , Leidi Antonio , Gayet-Ageron Angèle , Iten Anne , Carballo Sebastian , Reny Jean-Luc , Darbellay-Fahroumand Pauline , Berner Amandine , Marti Christophe
Published: August 2022

Background

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic led to a steep increase in hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions for acute respiratory failure worldwide. Early identification of patients at risk of clinical deterioration is crucial in terms of appropriate care delivery and resource allocation. We aimed to evaluate and compare the prognostic performance of Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA), Confusion, Uraemia, Respiratory Rate, Blood Pressure and Age ≥65 (CURB-65), Respiratory Rate and Oxygenation (ROX) index and Coronavirus Clinical Characterisation Consortium (4C) score to predict death and ICU admission among patients admitted to the hospital for acute COVID-19 infection.

Methods and analysis

Consecutive adult patients admitted to the Geneva University Hospitals during two successive COVID-19 flares in spring and autumn 2020 were included. Discriminative performance of these prediction rules, obtained during the first 24 hours of hospital admission, were computed to predict death or ICU admission. We further exluded patients with therapeutic limitations and reported areas under the curve (AUCs) for 30-day mortality and ICU admission in sensitivity analyses.

Results

A total of 2122 patients were included. 216 patients (10.2%) required ICU admission and 303 (14.3%) died within 30 days post admission. 4C score had the best discriminatory performance to predict 30-day mortality (AUC 0.82, 95% CI 0.80 to 0.85), compared with SOFA (AUC 0.75, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.78), qSOFA (AUC 0.59, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.62), CURB-65 (AUC 0.75, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.78) and ROX index (AUC 0.68, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.72). ROX index had the greatest discriminatory performance (AUC 0.79, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.83) to predict ICU admission compared with 4C score (AUC 0.62, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.66), CURB-65 (AUC 0.60, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.64), SOFA (AUC 0.74, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.77) and qSOFA (AUC 0.59, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.62).

Conclusion

Scores including age and/or comorbidities (4C and CURB-65) have the best discriminatory performance to predict mortality among inpatients with COVID-19, while scores including quantitative assessment of hypoxaemia (SOFA and ROX index) perform best to predict ICU admission. Exclusion of patients with therapeutic limitations improved the discriminatory performance of prognostic scores relying on age and/or comorbidities to predict ICU admission.
Review of existing evidence demonstrates that methotrexate does not cause liver fibrosis
Authors: Cheema Hira Imad , Haselow Dirk , Dranoff Jonathan Ankin
Published: August 2022

It has long been believed that methotrexate in therapeutic doses causes progressive liver injury resulting in advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. Historically, this was a common indication for serial liver biopsy. However, new evidence suggests that methotrexate may not be a direct cause of liver injury; rather the injury and fibrosis attributed to methotrexate may be mediated by other mechanisms, specifically non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The recent widespread use of non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis has provided new evidence supporting this hypothesis. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis and systematic review to determine whether methotrexate is indeed a direct cause of liver injury. For the meta-analysis portion, a comprehensive literature search was performed to identify manuscripts relevant to the topic. Of the 138 studies examined, 20 met our inclusion criteria. However, only 3 studies had sufficient homogeneity to allow aggregation. Thus, the remainder of the study was dedicated to a critical review of all studies relevant to the topic with particular attention to populations examined, risk factors, and assessment of injury and/or fibrosis. Meta-analysis did not show a statistically significant association between methotrexate dose and liver fibrosis. Individual studies reported fibrosis related to confounding factors such as diabetes, obesity, pre-existing chronic liver disease but not methotrexate exposure. In conclusion, existing evidence demonstrates that advanced liver fibrosis and cirrhosis previously attributed to methotrexate are in fact caused by metabolic liver disease or other chronic liver diseases, but not by methotrexate itself. This observation should direct the care of patients treated with long-term methotrexate.
MRM2variants in families with complex dystonic syndromes: evidence for phenotypic heterogeneity
Authors: Shafique Anum , Arif Beenish , Chu Mary Lynn , Moran Ellen , Hussain Tooba , Zamora Francisca Millan , Wohler Elizabeth , Sobreira Nara , Klein Christine , Lohmann Katja , Naz Sadaf
Published: August 2022

Background

Dystonia involves repetitive movements and muscle contractions leading to abnormal postures. We investigated patients in two families, DYAF11 and M, exhibiting dystonic or involuntary movement disorders.

Methods

Clinical investigations were performed for all patients. Genetic analyses included genome-wide linkage analysis and exome sequencing followed by Sanger sequencing validation.MRM2-specific transcripts were analysed from participants’ blood samples in Family DYAF11 after cloning of gene-specific cDNA.

Results

Four affected siblings in Family DYAF11 had progressive dystonic features. Two patients in Family M exhibited a neurodevelopmental disorder accompanied by involuntary movements. In Family DYAF11, linkage was detected to the telomere at chromosome 7p22.3, spanning <2 Mb. Exome sequencing identified a donor splice-site variant, c.8+1G>T inMRM2,which segregated with the phenotype, corresponding to the linkage data since all affected individuals were homozygous while the obligate unaffected carriers were heterozygous for the variant. In theMRM2c.8+1G>T allele, an aberrant alternative acceptor splice-site located within exon 2 was used in a subset of the transcripts, creating a frameshift in the open reading frame. Exome sequencing in Family M revealed a rare missense variant c.242C>T, p.(Ala81Val), which affected a conserved amino acid.

Conclusions

Our results expand the clinical and allelic spectrum ofMRM2variants. Previously, these descriptions were based on observations in a single patient, diagnosed with mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 17, in whom movement disorder was accompanied by recurrent strokes and epilepsy. We also demonstrate a subset of correctly spliced tt-agMRM2transcripts, raising the possibility to develop treatment by understanding the disease mechanism.
Regional implications of the tobacco value chain in Paraguay
Authors: Masi Fernando , Rodriguez-Iglesias German , Drope Jeffrey
Published: August 2022

Background

Paraguay is a major supplier of illicit cigarettes for the Latin American region and beyond. In July 2022, Paraguay ratified the FCTC Protocol. This is an opportunity and a challenge for neighboring countries to implement coordinated actions. This is the first analysis of the foreign trade data for cigarettes and their inputs using Paraguayan data to contextualise the illicit trade problem in Latin America and globally.

Methods

Combining publicly available Paraguayan databases, this research constructs a database to analyse imported cigarette inputs, particularly by identifying the companies and their national origins.

Results

A complex multinational supply chain perpetuates a flow of inputs into Paraguay that contributes to the production and export of illicit tobacco products. Brazil is a relevant legal supplier of intermediate goods for the Paraguayan tobacco industry yet is not a significant destination of the legal exports of cigarettes produced in Paraguay. Yet, Paraguayan cigarettes are widely available in the Brazilian market, almost all of them illicit. Trade data also show the role of other countries in the region as major cigarette input exporters to Paraguay. Evidence also supports that high volumes of legal exports from Paraguay to third countries (including Bolivia, Suriname, Aruba and Curacao) may be fuelling illicit trade through triangulation to other countries.

Conclusions

The oversupply—that is, more supply than necessary for domestic consumption and legal exports—of cigarette inputs likely divert illegally back to the countries exporting these inputs and others. Thus, the responsibility for illicit trade in cigarettes falls not only on Paraguayan companies but also on companies exporting inputs to Paraguay to producing these illicit goods. Furthermore, Paraguay is not only exporting illicitly directly to Brazil and Argentina, but also appears to oversupply other countries in South America and the Caribbean that cannot legally absorb this trade through domestic consumption and/or legal re-export.
$$M_W$$ helps select $$Z^\prime $$ models for $$b\rightarrow s \ell \ell $$ anomalies
Authors: Allanach Ben , Davighi Joe
Published: August 2022

As shown in Allanach et al. (Global fits of third family hypercharge models to neutral current B-anomalies and electroweak precision observables. arXiv:2103.12056), the Third Family Hypercharge ($$Y_3$$

Y
3

) Model changes the Standard Model prediction for $$M_W$$

M
W

whilst simultaneously explaining anomalies in $$b\rightarrow s\ell \ell $$

b
→
s
ℓ
ℓ

transitions via a heavy $$Z^\prime $$

Z
′

gauge boson which is spawned by a spontaneously broken gauged $$U(1)_{Y_3}$$

U

(
1
)

Y
3

symmetry. The 2022 CDF II measurement of $$M_W$$

M
W

, which is far from the Standard Model prediction in the statistical sense, somewhat disfavours the $$Y_3$$

Y
3

model. Here, we generalise the gauge charge assignments to the anomaly-free combination $$s Y_3 + t (B_3-L_3)$$

s

Y
3

+
t

(

B
3

-

L
3

)

and show that incorporating the 2022 CDF II measurement of $$M_W$$

M
W

selects a viable domain of integers s and t. For example, $$s=1, t=-3$$

s
=
1
,
t
=
-
3

yields a p value of .08 in a two-parameter global fit to 277 electroweak and flavour changing b data, much improving a SM p value of $$1\times 10^{-6}$$

1
×

10

-
6

.
Color dipole cross section in the DGLAP improved saturation model
Authors: Boroun G. R.
Published: August 2022

We show that the geometric scaling of the dipole cross section can be explained using standard DGLAP perturbative evolution. The DGLAP-improved saturation model due to the Laplace transform method is considered at LO and NNLO approximations from the experimental data by relying on a Froissart-bounded parametrization of $$F_{2}(x,Q^{2})$$

F
2

(
x
,

Q
2

)

. These results are comparable with the Golec-Biernat–W$$\ddot{\mathrm {u}}$$

u
¨

sthoff (GBW) model in a wide kinematic region $$rQ_{s}$$

r

Q
s

which takes into account charm mass. The successful description of $${\sigma }_{\mathrm {dip}}(x,r)/\sigma _{0}$$

σ
dip

(
x
,
r
)

/

σ
0

and $${\sigma }_{\mathrm {dip}}(rQ_{s})/\sigma _{0}$$

σ
dip

(
r

Q
s

)

/

σ
0

are presented.
Erratum to: Minimally deformed wormholes
Authors: Tello-Ortiz Francisco , Maurya S. K. , Bargueño Pedro
Published: August 2022

A Correction to this paper has been published: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09179-5
Reconstruction of missing resonances combining nearest neighbors regressors and neural network classifiers
Authors: Alves Alexandre , Yamaguchi C. H.
Published: August 2022

Neutrinos, dark matter, and long-lived neutral particles traverse the particle detectors unnoticed, carrying away information about their parent particles and interaction sources needed to reconstruct key variables like resonance peaks in invariant mass distributions. In this work, we show that ak-nearest neighbors regressor algorithm combined with deep neural network classifiers, akNNNN, is able to accurately recover binned distributions of the fully leptonicWWmass of a new heavy Higgs boson and its Standard Model backgrounds from the observable detector level information at disposal. The output of the regressor can be used to train even stronger classifiers to separate signals and backgrounds in the fully leptonic case and guarantee the selection of on-mass-shell Higgs bosons with enhanced statistical significance. The method assumes previous knowledge of the event classes and model parameters, thus suitable for post-discovery studies.
Erratum to: A theoretical analysis of the semileptonic decays $$\eta ^{(\prime )}\rightarrow \pi ^0l^+l^-$$ and $$\eta ^\prime \rightarrow \eta l^+l^-$$
Authors: Escribano Rafel , Royo Emilio
Published: August 2022

This erratum corrects Eqs. (6) and (15), Table 1, and Fig. 2 of the original article. An additional footnote is added at the end of the first paragraph in Section III. Finally, the paragraph discussing the use of the energy-dependent width for the $$\rho ^0$$

ρ
0

propagator is modified.
Exponential space and thermal-dependent heat source effects on electro-magneto-hydrodynamic Jeffrey fluid flow over a vertical stretching surface
Authors: Sharma B. K. , Kumar Anup , Gandhi Rishu , Bhatti M. M.
Published: August 2022

This paper deals with the study of an incompressible electro-magneto-hydrodynamic (EMHD) Jeffrey fluid flow over a vertical nonlinear stretching surface of variable thickness. Heat and mass transfer effects are analyzed by considering different source terms like viscous dissipation, Ohmic heating, thermophoresis, Brownian motion, thermal heat source, exponential heat source and activation energy. Governing equations for the flow system are converted into dimensionless forms using appropriate similarity transformations. The solution for the resulting governing equations is obtained by using the shooting technique with RK-4 method. The effects of various physical parameters such as magnetic field parameter [Formula: see text], Grashof number (Gr), solutal Grashof number [Formula: see text], Brownian diffusion parameter [Formula: see text], thermophoresis diffusion parameter [Formula: see text], thermal heat source parameter [Formula: see text], exponential heat source parameter [Formula: see text], Prandtl number (Pr) and Lewis number (Le) are presented with the help of graphs. It is observed that the heat transfer effects increase by increasing thermal and exponential heat sources, and mass transfer effects enhance by increasing the activation energy. Entropy generation for this flow system is also analyzed. Entropy decreases with an increase in the electric field parameter. In contrast, the Bejan number initially increases with an increase in the electric field parameter. After some particular value of electric field parameter, it changes its behavior in the boundary layer and decreases with an increase in the electric field parameter. Entropy and Bejan number increase with an increment in the concentration difference parameter. The accuracy of the results is validated by those of published literature and found in reasonable justification. The present results may be helpful in many engineering and industrial applications like manufacturing lubrication, natural gas networks, cooling nuclear reactors and spray processes.
Bivariate Barycentric and Newton Rational Interpolation Over Rectangular Grids
Authors: Cai Zhidan , Fang Ming , Li Zhe , Yang Longfei
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we consider the problem of computing bivariate barycentric and Newton rational interpolation over rectangular grids. Given a set of rectangular grids, under the conditions that the degrees of the numerator and denominator of rational interpolant are prescribed, we provide a matrix method for calculating barycentric weight vector and denominator value vector, which, respectively, induce barycentric and Newton representations of rational interpolants. We aim at constructing the rational interpolants that globally approximate interpolated function. Numerical examples compare the maximum errors of barycentric rational interpolant, Newton rational interpolant, linear interpolant, cubic interpolant and spline interpolant. Numerical results show the higher accuracy of barycentric and Newton rational interpolation.
A Novel Bias Circuit Technique to Reduce the PVT Variation of the Ring Oscillator Frequency
Authors: Kumar Ravi , Nagulapalli Rajasekhar , Vishvakarma Santosh Kumar
Published: August 2022

Phase Locked Loop (PLL) is an on-chip clock generator for timing-centric electronic systems. Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) is the key element for high-performance PLLs. A detailed qualitative explanation has been given to describe VCO operation. It is shown from simulation results that the variation of small signal transconductance ([Formula: see text]) is the main dominant source of frequency and gain ([Formula: see text]) variation in a VCO. In this work, simulation results for the conventional ring oscillator are presented which demonstrates [Formula: see text] times variation in [Formula: see text] across Process Voltage Temperature (PVT) corners. Such huge sensitivity to PVT is undesirable for high bandwidth PLL design. To mitigate this sensitivity, a constant-gm bias circuit is proposed in this paper, with a detailed mathematical analysis. A prototype of 4-stage ring oscillator with center frequency of 5[Formula: see text]GHz is developed in 65[Formula: see text]nm TSMC CMOS technology, and post-layout simulation results are carried out. Results show that maximum [Formula: see text] variation of 28% and frequency variation of 17% at a given control voltage. Temperature sensitivity has been decreased from 19.3% to 7% using the proposed biasing technique. Proposed solution consumes 2.4[Formula: see text]mW power from 1[Formula: see text]V power supply.
Single MEXCCII-Based Grounded Immittance Functions Simulation and Applications
Authors: Kumar Atul
Published: August 2022

A simple circuit based on modified extra-X second-generation current conveyor (MEXCCII), which is capable of realizing the following grounded immittance functions: a lossless capacitor, a lossy capacitor, a lossy inductor and a lossy frequency-dependent negative conductance, is introduced in this paper. The circuit employs one MEXCCII and three passive components. The use of single active block makes the circuit structure simpler. No component’s matching constraint is needed in the proposed circuit. The nonideal study of the proposed grounded immittance circuit is also included. The circuit’s performance is examined using 0.18-[Formula: see text]m technology-based PSPICE simulations. Experimental results which are performed using off-the-shelf integrated circuits (ICs) and bread board are also included. The proposed circuit is negligibly affected by the temperature variation and process variation. A single pole high-pass filter as an application of the realized lossy capacitor and a band-pass filter as an application of the realized lossy inductor are also presented in this paper. The realized filters offer the feature of ease of cascadability.
Electronically Independent Gain Controllable Integrable Trans-Admittance Mode Universal Filter: An Application for Modern Radio Receiver
Authors: Tiwari Sachin , Arora Tajinder Singh
Published: August 2022

This paper represents a new integrable trans-admittance mode universal filter employing an active building block, i.e., Voltage Differencing Current Conveyor, and all grounded passive elements. The proposed circuit can easily realize all five, widely used, filter responses, i.e., bandpass, high pass, low pass, all pass and band-reject. The designed circuit configuration provides favorable impedances at the input as well as output ports. Independent tunability of its gain parameter and orthogonal tunability of its quality factor and operating frequency are some of the noteworthy features of the designed circuit. The simulations of the designed filter are verified by 180-nm Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology in the SPICE simulation environment. Validation of the proposed design is done by experimental work along with the regular mathematical analysis.
A multi-agent approach to the impact of epidemic spreading on commercial activities
Authors: Toscani Giuseppe
Published: August 2022

We introduce a class of one-dimensional linear kinetic equations of Boltzmann and Fokker–Planck type, describing the dynamics of the amount of consumer spending transactions of a multi-agent society, that, in the presence of social distancing laws consequent to an epidemic spreading, can reduce the volume of a consistent part of economic commercial activities requiring the presence. At the Boltzmann level, the microscopic variation of the number of transactions around a desired commercial target, is built up by joining a random risk with a deterministic change. Both the risk and target value parameters are here dependent of the number of social contacts of the multi-agent system, which can vary in time in reason of the governments decisions to control the epidemic spreading by introducing restrictions on the social activities. In the asymptotics of grazing interactions, the solution density of the Boltzmann-type kinetic equation is shown to converge towards the solution of a Fokker–Planck-type equation with variable coefficients of diffusion and drift, characterized by the details of the elementary interaction. The economic description is then coupled with the evolution equations of a new SIR-type compartmental epidemic system suitable to describe both the classical epidemic spreading and the social contacts evolution in dependence of the multi-agent social heterogeneity. The (local in time) steady states of the statistical distribution of the amount of economic transactions predicted by the Fokker–Planck equation are shown to be inverse Gamma densities, with time-dependent polynomial tails at infinity which characterize the consequences of the control policies on the time evolution of the Pareto index.
Asymptotic-Preserving Neural Networks for multiscale hyperbolic models of epidemic spread
Authors: Bertaglia Giulia , Lu Chuan , Pareschi Lorenzo , Zhu Xueyu
Published: August 2022

When investigating epidemic dynamics through differential models, the parameters needed to understand the phenomenon and to simulate forecast scenarios require a delicate calibration phase, often made even more challenging by the scarcity and uncertainty of the observed data reported by official sources. In this context, Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs), by embedding the knowledge of the differential model that governs the physical phenomenon in the learning process, can effectively address the inverse and forward problem of data-driven learning and solving the corresponding epidemic problem. In many circumstances, however, the spatial propagation of an infectious disease is characterized by movements of individuals at different scales governed by multiscale partial differential equations. This reflects the heterogeneity of a region or territory in relation to the dynamics within cities and in neighboring zones. In presence of multiple scales, a direct application of PINNs generally leads to poor results due to the multiscale nature of the differential model in the loss function of the neural network. To allow the neural network to operate uniformly with respect to the small scales, it is desirable that the neural network satisfies an Asymptotic-Preservation (AP) property in the learning process. To this end, we consider a new class of AP neural networks for multiscale hyperbolic transport models of epidemic spread that, thanks to an appropriate AP formulation of the loss function, is capable of working uniformly at the different scales of the system. A series of numerical tests for different epidemic scenarios confirms the validity of the proposed approach, highlighting the importance of the AP property in the neural network when dealing with multiscale problems especially in presence of sparse and partially observed systems.
Virus models in complex frameworks: Towards modeling space patterns of SARS-CoV-2 epidemics
Authors: Burini D. , Chouhad N.
Published: August 2022

This paper deals with the micro–macro-derivation of virus models coupled with a reaction–diffusion system that generates the dynamics in space of the virus particles. The first part of the presentation focuses, starting from [N. Bellomo, K. Painter, Y. Tao and M. Winkler, Occurrence versus absence of taxis-driven instabilities in a May–Nowak model for virus infection, SIAM J. Appl. Math. 79 (2019) 1990–2010; N. Bellomo and Y. Tao, Stabilization in a chemotaxis model for virus infection, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. S 13 (2020) 105–117], on a survey and a critical analysis of some phenomenological models known in the literature. The second part shows how a Hilbert type can be developed to derive models at the macro-scale from the underlying description delivered by the kinetic theory of active particles. The third part deals with the derivation of macroscopic models of various virus models coupled with the reaction–diffusion systems. Then, a forward look to research perspectives is proposed.
INVESTIGATIONS ON THE MECHANICAL ALLOYING PROPERTIES OF AL 2024 ALLOY BY THREE-DIMENSIONAL BALL MILL
Authors: SOY GURKAN , KORUCU SALIH
Published: August 2022

Aluminum-based composite materials are frequently preferred in many new-generation engineering applications due to their high strength, wear and corrosion resistance, improvement of mechanical properties, machinability, and low density. Mechanical alloying has an important place in the production of composites with high properties in powder metallurgy, which is one of the composite material production methods. In this paper, the deformation of Al 2024 alloy powder, which is frequently used in the industry, is investigated by the three-dimensional ball mill. Three different rotation speeds (150, 200 and 250[Formula: see text]rev/min), three different ball-to-powder ratio (5:1, 10:1 and 20:1) and three different milling times (30, 60 and 90[Formula: see text]min) were used in the milling processes. Deformations in the powders were evaluated by particle size analysis and powder structure examination. The obtained results were analyzed with analysis of variance and regression method, three-dimensional graphics, and scanning electron microscope images. When the results are examined, the maximum percent areas covered by the deformed particles and maximum particle size among the selected experimental parameters were obtained at 250[Formula: see text]rev/min, 20:1 ball-to-powder ratio and 60[Formula: see text]min as 6.849% and 54[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m.
Direct complements almost unique
Authors: Ibrahim Yasser , Yousif Mohamed
Published: August 2022

Direct complements in a right [Formula: see text]-module [Formula: see text] are said to be almost unique if, whenever [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text] (also [Formula: see text], by symmetry). We will show that this new class of modules lies strictly between the dual-square-free and the summand-dual-square-free modules. While it is an open question whether right quasi-duo (equivalently, right dual-square-free) rings are left-right symmetric, we will prove that both notions “summand-dual-square-free” and “direct complements almost unique” are left-right symmetric. Furthermore, we will show that direct complements in a module [Formula: see text] are almost unique iff idempotents in [Formula: see text] are central modulo [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text]. As an immediate consequence, if [Formula: see text] is an epi-projective module, then direct complements in [Formula: see text] are almost unique iff [Formula: see text] is strongly perspective (i.e. if [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are isomorphic direct summands of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text]. In particular, direct complements in a ring [Formula: see text] are almost unique iff [Formula: see text] is strongly perspective. Moreover, if [Formula: see text] is a module with the finite exchange whose direct complements are almost unique, then [Formula: see text] is clean, strongly perspective, and satisfy the full exchange.
One-Step Effective Sonochemical Technique for Insitu Coating of Ag3PO4 Nanoparticles on Glass and Polymer Substrates
Authors: George P. P. , Apsana G.
Published: August 2022

The green technology clubbed with the ultrasound irradiation allows one to produce the products and to reduce the number of production stages without increasing the cost and also devoid of toxic effects. A novel sonochemical method is demonstrated for the preparation of four samples of Ag3PO4 nanoparticles by using AgNO3, KH2PO4 and D-Glucose. The synthesized products were systematically characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD pattern revealed a face-centered cubic structured Ag3PO4 phase. We recognized the optical properties of Ag3PO4 nanoparticles and found that Ag3PO4 nanocrystals show emission in the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum. In addition, we also discuss the possible formation mechanism of Ag3PO4 nanocrystals.
Synthesis of CuO NRs Using a Double Hydrothermal Method for a Highly Efficient Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensor
Authors: Jasim Haneen Ali , Dakhil Osama Abdul Azeez
Published: August 2022

CuO NRs electrodes as nonenzymatic glucose sensors were successfully synthesized using a simple low-cost, high-benefit (double hydrothermal method) on indium tin oxide glass CuO/ITO with different concentrations. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy–dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, and investigations were used to confirm the nanostructures. XRD patterns of CuO explained all of the peaks may be attributed to CuO’s monoclinic phase. FE-SEM presented nano rod-like shapes with a diameter range of 20–100[Formula: see text]nm and was found to be uniformly and vertically grown on the ITO substrate. Besides, the energy gap of the CuO NRs was expanded to 3.3[Formula: see text]eV, 3.1[Formula: see text]eV and 3[Formula: see text]eV, respectively. CuO NRs displayed the high activity of glucose sensing, with a sensitivity of (5805.7, 7365.7 and 994.8) [Formula: see text]A[Formula: see text]Mm[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] with LOD (0.44, 0.4 and 0.35) [Formula: see text]A, respectively. These results indicate that the sensor has a lot of potential for becoming a high-performance nonenzymatic glucose sensor with a simple, low-cost, and unique sensor design.