bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spraying opened sugar beet pulp silage with oregano essential oil helps to sustain quality and stability
Authors: Çayıroğlu H , Filik G , Coşkun İ , Gül Filik A , Çayan H , Şahin A
Published: June 2020

This study was conducted to determine the effects of spraying oregano essential oil (OEO) onto sugar beet pulp silage (SBPS) on silage quality and aerobic stability after opening. A factorial experiment with three replicates of three treatments and four time periods was conducted using laboratory-type plastic silos. The treatments were an untreated control, silage sprayed with 10 ml/75 cm2 OEO, and silage sprayed with 20 ml/75 cm2 OEO. The silages were sampled at 0, 72, 120, and 168 hours after spraying. Temperature, L*, a*, and b* colour values, pH, water-soluble carbohydrates, crude nutrient contents, Fleig score, metabolizable energy (ME) value, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), total live bacteria (TLB), yeast, and mould formation were assessed. Spraying OEO onto SBPS did not affect L*, a*, and b* values, pH, water-soluble carbohydrates, and Fleig score values, but decreased temperature. Spraying OEO onto the silage increased organic matter, ether extract, acid detergent fibre, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent lignin contents without affecting crude protein, crude fibre, nitrogen free extract, and ME contents. Irrespective of treatment, crude protein, ether extract, acid detergent fibre, acid detergent lignin, nitrogen free extract, Fleig score, and ME contents of silages increased with time after spraying. The OEO spraying reduced LAB, TLB, and yeast contents in silages. In conclusion, OEO spraying onto opened SBPS reduced LAB, TLB, and yeast formation and stopped mould growth up to 72 hours without affecting their nutritional properties, suggesting that OEO could be used to ensure the stability of SBPS.

Keywords: aerobic stability, mould growth, silage microbiology, nutrients, feeding management
Effects of silage sealing films on fermentation dynamics of ensiled maize and nutrient utilization by Damara rams
Authors: Ndleleni N.W. , Malebana I.M.M. , Du Toit C.J.L. , Nephawe K.A. , Meeske R , Nkosi B.D.
Published: June 2020

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of two silage sealing films on whole crop maize (WCM) fermentation, aerobic stability and nutrient digestion by rams. Prior to ensiling (day 0), triplicate samples of the WCM were collected to determine dry matter, pH, water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), lactic acid (LA) bacterial counts and nutrient concentration. A single bunker silo was divided into eight sections that were ensiled using either a standard polyethylene film (PE) or an orange oxygen barrier (OB) Silostop film for 180 days. After 180 days of ensiling, six silage samples were collected from each replicate. Three samples were used for nutrient analysis and the other three to determine aerobic stability. Sixteen four-year-old Damara rams with an average live weight of ± 54 kg were housed individually in wooden pens (2.2 m2) to determine digestibility of nutrient in the silage. The digestibility study was conducted as a switchover design with four feeding phases. The silage was supplemented daily with 1% urea and fed to the rams ad libitum. Nutritional value of the silage was not (P >0.05) affected by the ensiling films. The OB-ensiled maize had higher (P <0.05) LA, lower pH, CO2 production and yeast and mould populations, and lower WSC compared with the PE-ensiled maize. Dry matter intake, nutrient digestion and nitrogen balance of rams fed the silage were not affected (P >0.05) by treatments. The OB film improved the fermentation and aerobic stability of WCM silage but did not influence its nutrient utilization by rams.

Keywords: cereals, digestibility, forage, rams, nitrogen, supplementation
Gadamer’s Philosophical Hermeneutics: Investigating the Nexus between Culture and African Philosophy
Authors: Onah Ikechukwu
Published: June 2020

This article attempts to uncover a foundational drive in Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics and its importance in steeping the tension of the philosophical link of culture and African Philosophy. In his work Gadamer presents culture as the foundation of philosophy. Okere rising from the latter posits that hermeneutics is the mediator between culture and African philosophy. The polemical argument of the rationality of African philosophy though interwoven with skeptical epistemological assumptions which increasingly emphasizes in the ethno decade-long debate is aggregated in mediating stance of hermeneutics as adduced by Okere and other notable African scholars. This article shows that in his most popularity oriented epistemological work, Gadamer did not mute the obstacles that epistemic uncertainty poses to the quest for mere ethno dimension in the light of critical ratiocination in order to avoid acceptance of views without examination .This article pursues this mediating strategy not just for rhetorical but also for a substantive reason on the rational foundation of African Philosophy against the nauseating position that African philosophy is mere cultural beliefs.

Keywords: Hermeneutics, Culture and Mediation
Evaluation of Salivary pH Changes with Probiotic, Baking Soda and Mineral Water Rinse Among Individuals with Low Caries Experience
Authors: Farooq Lubna , Ahmed Muhammad Rashid , Khan Muhammad Aitmaududdolah , Mahmood Anum , Khan Zara , Khurram Samreen , Farzand Mahnoor
Published: June 2020

Background: Dental caries is a multifactorial disease; it causes decay in tooth and leads to unbearable pain and expensive dental procedures. One of potential risk factor that favor the caries process is acidic pH that a person faces usually after consumption of any food or drinks. Various mouth rinses are evaluated to normalize the salivary pH to break the chain of caries pathophysiology.

Objective: To evaluate the role of probiotic, baking soda and mineral water rinses on pH of Saliva.

Materials and methods: It were a cross sectional study conducted in institute of Karachi from -10 January to 25 June 2020. Out of 150 participants 60 qualified the inclusion criteria and were explained about the procedure of the study after their agreement they were divided into three groups each group comprised of 20 participants. Group 1 was given probiotic mouth rinse; Group 2 was given baking soda mouth rinse and in Group 3 mineral water rinses were given. They were told to rinse the oral cavity before and after the food consumption and pre and post salivary changes were recorded.

Results: Significant (p-value = 0.001) change in salivary pH was observed with baking soda and mineral water rinses however probiotic mouth rinse did not show significant (p-value = 0.22) change.

Conclusion: Rinsing with Baking soda and mineral water mouth rinses increased the salivary pH to normal.
Resuming Elective Oncologic Surgery After CoVID-19 Outbreak: What Precautions Should be Taken?
Authors: Majbar Anass Mohammed , Benkabbou Amine , Mohsine Raouf , Souadka Amine
Published: June 2020

The COVID 19 outbreak has caused the cancellation of most elective oncological surgery around the world to limit the risk of virus dissemination. As we are exiting the crisis, surgical teams will face strong challenges while resuming normal elective surgery. The accumulation of cases will have to be managed by defining strong selection criteria, taking into account the patient and the disease conditions. In order to reduce the risk of infection, non-COVID patients should be treated in dedicated non-COVID areas, preferably in separate buildings or hospitals. Departments, units and operative theaters should put in place rigorous actions and protocols to protect the patient and healthcare workers. Adequate protective equipment must be readily available for healthcare workers and patients. Finally, teams should keep an adaptive mindset by preparing strategies to maintain surgical activity in case of repeated COVID 19 waves.

Keywords: COVID 19, Guidelines, Lockdown ease, Surgical oncology
A Multichannel MAC Protocol for IoT-enabled Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks
Authors: Wu Chien-Min , Kao Yen-Chun , Chang Kai-Fu
Published: June 2020

Cognitive radios have the ability to dynamically sense and access the wireless spectrum, and this ability is a key factor in successfully building Internet-of-Things (IoT)-enabled mobile ad hoc networks. This paper proposes a contention-free token-based multichannel MAC protocol for IoT-enabled Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks (CRAHNs). In this, secondary users of CRAHNs detect activity on the wireless spectrum and then access idle channels licensed by primary users. CRAHNs are divided into clusters, and the channel to use for transmission is determined dynamically from the probability of finding idle primary-user channels. The token-based MAC window size is adaptive, with adjustment according to actual traffic, which reduces both end-to-end MAC contention delay and energy consumption. High throughput and spatial reuse of channels can also be achieved using a dynamic control channel and dynamic schemes for contention windows. We performed extensive simulations to verify that the proposed method can achieve better performance in mobile CRAHNs than other MAC schemes can.
Frame-synchronous Blind Audio Watermarking for Tamper Proofing and Self-Recovery
Authors: Hwai-Tsu Hu  , Ying-Hsiang Lu
Published: June 2020

This paper presents a lifting wavelet transform (LWT)-based blind audio watermarking scheme designed for tampering detection and self-recovery. Following 3-level LWT decomposition of a host audio, the coefficients in selected subbands are first partitioned into frames for watermarking. To suit different purposes of the watermarking applications, binary information is packed into two groups: frame-related data are embedded in the approximation subband using rational dither modulation; the source-channel coded bit sequence of the host audio is hidden inside the 2nd and 3rd -detail subbands using 2N-ary adaptive quantization index modulation. The frame-related data consists of a synchronization code used for frame alignment and a composite message gathered from four adjacent frames for content authentication. To endow the proposed watermarking scheme with a self-recovering capability, we resort to hashing comparison to identify tampered frames and adopt a Reed–Solomon code to correct symbol errors. The experiment results indicate that the proposed watermarking scheme can accurately locate and recover the tampered regions of the audio signal. The incorporation of the frame synchronization mechanism enables the proposed scheme to resist against cropping and replacement attacks, all of which were unsolvable by previous watermarking schemes. Furthermore, as revealed by the perceptual evaluation of audio quality measures, the quality degradation caused by watermark embedding is merely minor. With all the aforementioned merits, the proposed scheme can find various applications for ownership protection and content authentication.
Machine Vision and Deep Learning Based Rubber Gasket Defect Detection
Authors: Ho Chao-Ching , Su Eugene , Li Po-Chieh , Bolger Matthew J. , Pan Huan-Ning
Published: June 2020

This study develops an automated optical inspection system for silicone rubber gaskets using traditional rule-based and deep learning detection techniques. The specific object of interest is a 5 mm × 10 mm × 5 mm  mobile device power supply connector gasket that provides protection against foreign body inclusion and water ingression. The proposed system can detect a total of five characteristic defects introduced during the mold-based manufacture process, which range from 10-100 μm. The deep learning detection strategies in this system employ convolutional neural networks (CNN) developed using the TensorFlow open-source library. Through both high dynamic range image capture and image generation techniques, accuracies of 100% and 97% are achieved for notch and residual glue defect predictions, respectively.
BIOPROSPECTING FOR BACTERIAL ENDOPHYTES ASSOCIATED WITH ZINGIBERACEAE FAMILY RHIZOMES IN SIBOLANGIT FOREST, NORTH SUMATERA
Authors: Mamangkey Jendri
Published: June 2020

The present study was conducted aiming to isolate and characterize endophytic bacterial isolates with antibacterial ability, phosphate solubilization, and proteolytic activity from rhizomes of the Zingiberaceae family (Etlingera sp., Globba patens, Globba pendula, and Zingiber multibracteata). Nineteen bacterial isolates were obtained from Zingiberaceae rhizomes with isolate codes of EZS27, EZS18, EZS19, EZS25, EZS16, EZS08, EZS09, EZS13, EZS20, EZS14, EZS10, EZS11, EZS03, EZS05, EZS06, EZS43, EZS45, EZS47, and EZS28. The screening of the endophytes for antibacterial activity was done through the paper disc method. Four bacterial isolates presented antibacterial activities. EZS06 isolate inhibited the growth of EPEC (11 mm), P. vulgaris ATCC 13315 (10 mm), and L. monocytogenes BTCC B693 (9 mm). Also, EZS20 isolate inhibited the growth of S. aureus ATCC 29213 (17 mm), EZS28 isolate inhibited MRSA ATCC 43300 (8.6 mm), and EZS45 isolate inhibited S.  Epidermidis ATCC 12228 (9 mm). The EZS19, EZS03, and EZS16 isolates dissolved the phosphate most effectively. Eight isolates (EZS19, EZS47, EZS27, EZS25, EZS09, EZS20, EZS45, and EZS06) showed the best protease activity. In general, our results showed that the endophytic bacterial strains can be used as a new and useful antibacterial agent since it showed antibacterial activity and chemical diversity. Furthermore, it also has the potential for exploitation in a wide variety of medical, agricultural, and industrial areas.
Kahramanmaraş Yöresinde Doğal Olarak Yayılış Gösteren Bazı Endemik Bitki Türleri Üzerine Taksonomik Gözlemler
Authors: KOCABAŞ Yusuf Ziya
Published: June 2020

Bu araştırmada; Türkiye Bitkileri Kırmızı Kitabına göre IUCN tehlike kategorisi EN olan Ajuga relicta P.H.Davis (Lamiaceae), CR olan Astragalus akmanii Aytaç & H.Duman (Fabaceae) ve VU kategorisinde değerlendirilen Gypsophila nodiflora (Boiss.) Barkoudah (Caryophyllaceae) ile değerlendirme kriteri olmayan Salvia marashica İlçim, Celep & Doğan (Lamiaceae) ve Stachys marashica İlçim, Çenet & Dadandı (Lamiaceae)’ya ait türlerinin morfolojik özellikleri ve yetişme ortamlarına ait bilgiler verilmiştir.
La legislación y las políticas culturales en el proceso de patrimonialización del Tango en Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Leonardi Viviana , Elías Silvina , López María del Rosario
Published: June 2020

En la sociedad argentina, las expresiones artísticas o manifestaciones populares han logrado arraigar un sentido de pertenencia muy fuerte y entre estas demostraciones se destaca el “tango”. En el año 2009, Argentina logra que esta manifestación cultural ingrese a la lista representativa de patrimonio cultural inmaterial de la humanidad de la UNESCO. A partir de entonces, se incrementan las acciones de política para contribuir en el proceso de patrimonialización del Tango, las cuales han contribuido a la festivalización de la ciudad de Buenos Aires como estrategia para el desarrollo de la actividad turística. En este contexto, el objetivo del trabajo es analizar las acciones y políticas culturales vinculadas al tango como estrategia de patrimonialización de una expresión artística que combina danza, música, poesía y canto, y forma parte de la identidad cultural nacional, a los fines de comprender sus repercusiones turísticas y económicas. Del análisis se desprende que la consolidación de acciones y políticas culturales posibilitaron la afirmación del tango como respaldo de la memoria colectiva y de la identidad de un pueblo y como fenómeno que genera riqueza a través del turismo y la industria cultural.
El tiempo de la contemporaneidad
Authors: Niglio Olimpia
Published: June 2020

La contemporaneidad es una categoría metodológica que se desarrolla y se remodela continuamente en el tiempo; esta costituye un enfoque complejo para una lectura dinámica de nuestro escenario social, político y cultural. La contribución propone una reflexión sobre el significado de la contemporaneidad y como este significado tiene una relación muy estrecha con todas las épocas en la cuales las comunidades se han expresado. Todo eso tiene un valor importante con el fin de intender que significa vincular esta palabra a la arquitectura, arte, tradiciones y politicas culturales.
Republic of Moldova
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept.
Published: June 2020

As part of the IMF’s Data for Decisions (D4D) Trust Fund Project, a technical assistance (TA) mission was conducted by John Joisce and Dario Florey, IMF Experts, during September 23–October 4, 2019, to help the authorities of the Republic of Moldova in developing sectoral financial accounts and financial balance sheet statistics (FABS). The mission was the follow up to the mission held in December 2018, and evaluated the progress made since the last mission against the objectives set out in the action plan. The mission worked principally with the National Bank of Moldova (NBM), but also had meetings with officials from the Ministry of Finance (MOF), the Central Securities Depository (CSD), the National Commission for Financial Markets (NCFM) and the National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova (NBS).
Implementation Plan in Response to the Board-Endorsed Recommendations from the IEO Evaluation Report on IMF Advice on Unconventional Monetary Policies
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: June 2020

This Management Implementation Plan was prepared before COVID-19 became a global pandemic and resulted in unprecedented strains in global trade, commodity and financial markets. The actions in the plan and their timeline, therefore, do not reflect the implications of these developments and related policy priorities.
This MIP includes a package of self-reinforcing actions that aim to:
• Strengthen in-house expertise on monetary policy
• Deepen the work on UMP and related policies
• Further strengthen financial spillover analysis
• Explore ways to enhance the Fund’s traction
Jordan
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
Published: June 2020

Since the approval of the EFF arrangement the near-term economic outlook has worsened considerably due to the COVID-19 crisis and the strict lockdown measures to contain it. In 2020, output is expected to contract sharply, fiscal and external balances are expected to deteriorate, public debt to increase, and a $1.5 billion balance of payments gap to emerge. With the first EFF review still several months away, and an ad hoc augmentation not being feasible in view of the difficulties in recalibrating the existing program to ensure that it remains on track to meet its objectives, the authorities have requested urgent support under the Fund’s Rapid Financing Facility (RFI). The proposed purchase of SDR 291.55 million, 85 percent of quota or about $400 million would cover about 1/4 of the financing need. The rest is expected to be covered by Jordan’s development partners and by targeting smaller accumulation of reserves than under the EFF arrangement.
FY 2021-FY 2023 Medium-Term Budget
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Office of Budget and Planning
Published: June 2020

On April 27, 2020, the Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) approved the IMF’s administrative and capital budgets for financial year (FY) 2021, beginning May 1, 2020, and took note of indicative budgets for FY 2022–23.
Peru
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Published: June 2020

Peru’s very strong policy framework has helped it achieve impressive
macroeconomic outcomes and reduce vulnerabilities. Growth has been particularly
robust, averaging nearly 5¼ percent over the past 15 years, consistently above the
average for the LAC region, while the inflation targeting regime has helped keep
inflation low and expectations well anchored. Prudent fiscal management has reduced
government debt to very low levels. Very strong financial sector regulation and
supervision have contributed to preserving financial stability. External vulnerabilities
have been reduced and poverty has been cut by more than half since the turn of the
century. In recent years, macroeconomic performance has been adversely affected by a
combination of external, domestic, and weather-related shocks that have slowed Peru’s
growth momentum. Against this background, the Covid-19 pandemic has posed an
unprecedented challenge, which is pushing the economy into a recession. Peru has to
date shown remarkable financial resilience when compared to other emerging market
economies, both within and outside the region, not least because large buffers have
allowed the government to respond with a very strong policy package to contain the
pandemic and mitigate the economic fallout.
Engaging a community for youth mental health and wellness: Reflections and lessons learned
Authors: Bishop Lisa , Darcy Stephen , Sinnott Rob , Avery Susan , Pendergast Amanda , Duggan Norah
Published: June 2020

As clinicians at a university-affiliated health centre faced with youth mental health and substance use concerns, we reached out to the local community for guidance. We partnered with community leaders to explore how to best understand the issues and engage with the community. Using a community-engaged research (CEnR) approach, we conducted a needs assessment to explore the issues and inform change. We formalised a partnership with the local school and community board, which led to the creation of a Community Alliance. Our engagement efforts allowed us to understand the community more deeply and establish more effective change. Our most successful outcome was the development of a youth mental health and wellness Action Plan which helped direct our strategies moving forward. This article highlights our community engagement activities, processes and lessons learned, which may be of benefit to other academic researchers and clinicians who are interested in CEnR.
Centring knowledge democracy within policy-making for sustainability and resilience: A discussion of the Kenyan drylands
Authors: Mercy Nkatha
Published: June 2020

Culture, environment and, therefore, knowledge of socioeconomic constructs are intricately interwoven. Over the past decade or two, pastoralists without formal education in Kenyan drylands have increasingly found themselves on the receiving end of community empowerment trainings that lean towards human–wildlife conflict and environmental conservation. Why would research entities set aside mega budgets to teach the pastoralist about human–wildlife conflict? A pastoralist who has long roamed drylands with his livestock grazing alongside elephants and lions, and whose major life transition ceremonies, celebrations, songs, riddles, proverbs, sayings, poetry and jokes fundamentally feature wildlife. What makes these trainings in ‘imparting knowledge’ superior to the ‘indigenous knowledge’ already in the custody of the Borana or the Turkana or the Rendile?

This article explores the relevance of community-based knowledges in addressing sustainable development and climate resilience, as articulated by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The specific setting for this discussion is the Kenyan drylands, which are central to the achievement of the SDG agenda given that they constitute 84 percent of Kenya’s total land surface. They also host up to 75 percent of  Kenya’s wildlife population, account for more than 80 percent of the country’s eco-tourism interests and support about 9.9 million Kenyans, or approximately 34 percent of the Kenyan population.

Today, the drylands are impoverished, deficient for both humans and nature. Their vulnerability to disasters is amplified, while their resilience to shocks is greatly weakened, a situation made worse by climate change. To understand the importance of community-based knowledges within policy making for sustainability and resilience, this article examines in detail epistemological, social, historical, political and environmental factors converging on the Kenyan drylands, as well as the opportunity to address this complexity that the SDGs represent.
A hybrid method for reconstructing the historical evolution of aerosol optical depth from sunshine duration measurements
Authors: Wandji Nyamsi William , Lipponen Antti , Sanchez-Lorenzo Arturo , Wild Martin , Arola Antti
Published: June 2020

Abstract. A novel method has been developed to estimate aerosol optical
depth (AOD) from sunshine duration (SD) measurements under cloud-free
conditions. It is a physically based method serving for the reconstruction
of the historical evolution of AOD during the last century. In addition to
sunshine duration data, it requires daily water vapor and ozone products as
inputs taken from the ECMWF 20th century reanalysis ERA-20C, available
at the global scale over the period 1900–2010. Surface synoptic cloud
observations are used to identify cloud-free days. For 16 sites over
Europe, the accuracy of the estimated daily AOD, and its seasonal
variability, is similar to or better than those from two earlier methods when compared to AErosol RObotic NETwork measurements. In addition, it also
improves the detection of the signal from massive aerosol events such as
important volcanic eruptions (e.g., Arenal and Fernandina Island in 1968,
El Chichón in 1982 and Pinatubo in 1992). Finally, the reconstructed AOD
time series are in good agreement with the dimming/brightening phenomenon
and also provide preliminary evidence of the early-brightening phenomenon.
Mobility and Wax Trade in the Black Sea Region: The Merchants of Kilia, 1360–1361
Authors: Cassioli Marco
Published: June 2020

This article, based on Genoese, Moldavian, Wallachian, and Transylvanian sources, combines a topical subject like mobility with the trade of an indispensable commodity like wax, which, in the Middle Ages, was used in candle making and shipbuilding and was even employed in pharmacy. Specifically, the author aims, first, to analyze and explain the presence of a dynamic group of merchants, coming from different countries and involved in the wax trade, in the Genoese colony of Kilia, and second, to compare the case of Kilia to that of Caffa—Genoa’s most important Black Sea colony, where wax was one of the main exports. The results of the research show that compared with Caffa, fourteenth-century Kilia was a more recent and promising wax market, not monopolized by the Italians but also open to traders from other countries, such as Armenians, Greeks, and Hungarians.
Rare cause of non-immune hemolytic anemia in end-stage liver disease
Authors: Sangha Maheep Singh , Aggarwal Aakash , Sandhu Japmehr
Published: June 2020

Spur cells are reportedly linked to advanced end-stage liver diseases and may lead to accelerated hemolysis. In this case report, we discuss one of these rare instances when a 45-year-old female with decompensated cirrhosis was admitted for severe anemia. Extensive workup revealed non-immune hemolysis secondary to spur cell formation. Orthotopic liver transplantation remains the only treatment of choice for reversal of spur cell anemia. Alternatively, multidrug therapy has also been explored, including usage of bile acid sequestrants; however, success is rare.
Study of Hypertension and Its Associated Risk Factors among Young Adults (20-45 Yrs) In a City Of Maharashtra
Authors: Inamdar Ismail Farukh Ali , Salve Dawal S , Sahu Priyanka C
Published: June 2020

Background: Hypertension is the most common of all the cardiovascular diseases and affects many people in developed as well as developing countries With a growing problem of hypertension worldwide, there is a concern that hypertension in young adults may also be on the rise and that cases are not detected because of inadequate screening at this age group. Therefore the need arises to conduct this study to find out the prevalence of hypertension in young population and correlation of various factors associated with it.

Methods: Present study was conducted during July 2012 to November 2014 in urban area of Maharashtra, India. Total 1590 study participants aged 20-45 years from the urban area were screened for the prevalence of hypertension and the factors associated with it. Probability proportionate sampling method use for sampling the study population for prevalence of hypertension among young adults. Informed consent was obtained from the study subjects before the conduction of the study. The data was recorded in pre-designed and semi-structured proforma.

Results: In the present study prevalence of hypertension was found to be 20.3% in urban population aged 20-45 years. Statistically significant association was observed between hypertension and age, occupation, socio-economic status, family history of hypertension, sedentary life style, smoking, smokeless tobacco and alcohol consumption.
Pattern of Domestic Accidents among Children in Tumkur City - A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Usha Rani S , Swetha R
Published: June 2020

Background: Domestic accidents are worldwide public health problems. The present study was conducted to assess the pattern of domestic accidents among children  and its association with various epidemiological factors  .

Materials and Methods: It’s a community based Cross sectional study.It was decided to study 900 households based on the sample size. 4391 population was covered in this study. Domestic accident was considered when any of the individual met with an accident inside the house or in immediate surroundings of house during last one year as listed from code V01 to X59 in chapter XX of ICD.

Results: Domestic accidents observed was 10.8%(117) out of the total study population(1083) which was more common in the age group 0-4years(69.2%). Among the domestic accidents most commonly observed one was falls(41.02%) followed by burns (33.3%). Most commonly observed place of domestic accidents was kitchen 51 (43.58) .153 (43.6) of the domestic accidents were during 6am -12 pm timings. Around 60% of the accidents occurred when children were playing within the house.

Conclusion: Domestic accidents are no longer called accidental; it’s just the price we are paying for technological progress and our ignorance. Hence even this much of prevalence has to be taken seriously, as domestic accidents can be prevented completely by minute preventive strategies.
Situation Analysis of Implementation of National Health Programmes in Primary Health Centres (Phcs) At Uttarakhand
Authors: Jha Nishu , Jain Bhavna , Bhati Radhika , Mehta Aprajita , Dhinwa Manisha , Kishore Surekha , Aggarwal Pradeep , Job Sheen
Published: June 2020

Context: The Bhore Committee in 1946 gave the concept of PHC as comprehensive primary health care to the community and maintain an acceptable standard of quality of care. The study was conducted to assess the implementation of National Health Programmes at PHCs in Uttarakhand.

Methodology: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted at two PHCs (Thano and Raiwala) from March 2019 to April 2019. Interviews of health functionaries and beneficiaries of national health programmes were done based on standard Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS) guidelines and check list, for both PHCs. Beneficiaries under each programme were also observed.

Result: Various programmes such as Universal Immunization Programme, School Health Programme, and Pulse Polio Programme, National nutrition Programme, National family welfare Programme, NPCDCS and Jansankhya Niyantran Yojna were implemented successfully at both PHCs. Although knowledge among peripheral health workers was found to be little inadequate.

Conclusion: The functioning and execution of some of the National Health Programs at PHCs Thano and Raiwala were found to be inclined with IPHS guidelines.
Application of texture features and machine learning methods to grains segmentation in rock material images
Authors: Nurzynska Karolina , Iwaszenko Sebastian
Published: June 2020

The segmentation of rock grains on images depicting bulk rock materials is considered. The rocks material images are transformed by selected texture operators, to obtain a set of features describing them. The first order features, second-order features, run-length matrix, grey tone difference matrix, and Laws' energies are used for that purpose. The features are classified using k-nearest neighbours, support vector machines, and artificial neural networks classifiers. The results show that the border of rocks grains can be determined with above 70% accuracy. The multi-texture approach was also investigated, leading to an increase in accuracy to over 77% for early-fusion of features. Attempts were made to reduce feature space dimensionality by manually picking features as well as by use of the principal component analysis. The outcomes showed a significant decrease in accuracy. The obtained results have been visually compared with the ground truth. The observed compliance can be considered satisfactory.
Support for lonely fatherhood
Authors: Zajdel Krzysztof
Published: June 2020

This article deals with single paternity in Poland and attempts to support it. Raising offspring is in many opinions the domain of women, a man also brings up, but this issue is less often reflected in everyday publications. Single-parenting men find their niche in the support of various associations, but at the same time social acceptance for such people is growing. Nevertheless, womans can count more on help in lone parenthood than men.
Mutual Trust as a Way to an Unconditional Automatic Recognition of Foreign Judgments
Authors: Malachta Radovan
Published: June 2020

The article covers a topic of an unconditional automatic recognition of foreign judgments within the European Union. Thus far, a different method in case of foreign judgments has been used. Certain regulations of the EU require exequatur and contain grounds for refusal of recognition and in certain regulations both the exequatur and grounds for refusal of recognition have been abolished. First, the paper deals with the principle of mutual trust (what mutual trust is and in what to trust). Subsequently, the article points out the differences between the principle of mutual trust and the principle of mutual recognition. Finally, it discusses the notion of automatic recognition in the context of free movement of judgments within the EU.
Sharia – Conflict of Law and Culture in the European Context
Authors: Malacka Michal
Published: June 2020

Sharia and its conflict with the private law within the EU is one of the most current problems in the conflict of laws. In accordance with the doctrine of ordre public, a foreign law that is otherwise applicable is disregarded if its application would violate some fundamental interest, basic policy, general principle of justice, or prevailing concept of good morals in the forum state. This doctrine is used and followed by judicial procedures not only at “the old continent” but also in Islamic countries. This article shows the basic aspects of Sharia, Islamic legal tradition and the reflection of all the connected aspects in European Union private law and legislation. Some selected chapters analyse the most important differences in the legislation and judicial practice in the EU member states.
Should the Discussion on Whether Non-state Law might be Elected as the Governing Law of Contract be Silenced Forever?
Authors: Grodl Lukáš
Published: June 2020

While the extent of the choice of law governing the cross-border contract is subjected to positive law, in the European Union being the Rome I Regulation, some always argued for expanded party autonomy regarding the non-state law. The European Commission proposed the incorporation of such in Rome I Regulation, but it has been ultimately rejected. This article considers the European development, debates whether discussion on non-state law being allowed as the governing law to a cross-border contract is still vital and provides an answer whether discussion on such should be ended or not.
United in Diversity – Regional Unification of the Conflict-of-law Rules in Matters of Matrimonial Property Regimes
Authors: Zavadilová Lucie
Published: June 2020

The unification of the conflict-of-law rules in matters of matrimonial property regimes at EU level seeks to mitigate differences in substantive law in particular legal systems. The aim of this contribution is to analyse the doctrine of overriding mandatory provisions and consider the applicability of the public policy exception, which limit the application of the law otherwise applicable determined in compliance with the unified conflict-of-law rules. The question author addresses in this paper is whether these institutes of the general part of private international law provide for sufficient safeguards to protect the fundamental values and public interests of the forum law in matters of matrimonial property regimes.
Current Issues of Deciding Cross-border Succession Matters in the Slovak Republic
Authors: Júdová Elena
Published: June 2020

The European Regulation no 650/2012 unified the determination of jurisdiction and applicable law in succession matters in the Member States of the European Union. At the same time, it underlined other issues that complicate decision making on cross-border succession in the Slovak Republic. One of the most striking is the resolution of the issue of settling the common property of spouses, which under Slovak procedural law, is exercised by a notary in succession proceedings. The Slovak Republic does not participate at the enhanced cooperation on cross-border matrimonial property regimes, so joining jurisdiction in these cases with succession proceedings is very complicated. The present article deals with this and some other issues which the fragmentation of EU private international law brings.
News from the Field
Authors: Free David
Published: June 2020

University of South Florida Libraries obtain Audubon Florida’s recordsACRL sets 2020 legislative agendaCARLI statement on the importance of a director in charge of the academic libraryArcadia grant supports publication of open access monographs at MIT PressProject MUSE announces MUSE in Focus: Contextualizing PandemicNew ACRL Framework for Access Services Librarianship
Internet Reviews
Authors: Roberts Joni R. , Drost Carol A.
Published: June 2020

Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript LibraryThe Carlisle Indian School Digital Resource CenterDana Foundation
People in the News
Authors: Galloway Ann-Christe
Published: June 2020

Deborah MargolisMargie RuppelWilliam “Bill” Garrison
Addressing the Hammer-and-Nail Phenomenon
Authors: Lim Kien H.
Published: June 2020

The hammer-and-nail phenomenon highlights human tendency to approach a problem using a tool with which one is familiar instead of analyzing the problem. Pedagogical suggestions are offered to help students minimize their mathematical impulsivity, cultivate an analytic disposition, and develop conceptual understanding.
Now: Reclaiming Mathematics for Solving Today's Issues
Authors: Nelson Maci C.
Published: June 2020

As educators, we can attest to how students are the best litmus test for the relevance of our subject matter. To close the gap between an abstract idea or the means to a good grade, we must contextualize our teaching within the issues most prevalent in our students' minds.
Teaching Proportionality through Robotics
Authors: Casler-Failing Shelli
Published: June 2020

This article shares the learning experienced by my seventh-grade students during a lesson incorporating LEGO robotics into my mathematics class. I provide evidence of my students' learning, which represents how LEGO robotics can benefit students in the mathematics classroom to support engagement and development of understanding.
Competência da justiça militar no código penal militar
Authors: Silva Carlos Alberto
Published: June 2020

O presente artigo analisa as competências da Justiça militar, de acordo com o Código Penal Militar, identificando a sua aplicabilidade. Sabe-se que a lei militar é aquela que determina direitos e deveres dos militares, distinguindo-se do Código Penal Comum. Surge a necessidade de refletir sobre o Direito Penal na área militar, verificando quais são os crimes militares e como é realizado o procedimento de investigação e de aplicação da pena, nesses casos. O direito penal militar pode ser entendido como um conjunto de normas que elencam os crimes militares, bem como as penas aplicadas para assegurar o bem estar e a ordem jurídica da instituição. Através de pesquisa bibliográfica, busca-se compreender como a justiça militar atua no Brasil. Com a Lei nº 13.491 de 13 de outubro de 2017, houve a ampliação dos crimes militares. Daí a importância de compreender e estudar a competência da Justiça Militar e o que diz o Código Penal Militar sobre a temática.
Extended Half-life rFVIII for the Treatment of Hemophilia A: Drugs Consumption and Patients’ Perspective
Authors: Roggeri Daniela Paola , Zanon Ezio , Biasoli Chiara , Roggeri Alessandro
Published: June 2020

Prophylaxis is recognized as the most effective treatment regimen for patients with severe hemophilia A. Prophylaxis with standard half-life (SHL) FVIII products requires frequent intravenous administrations, at least two-three times per week. Frequency of injections is reported as one of the major obstacles to adherence to treatment and caused impairment in quality of life (QoL) and possible clinical implications. The extended half-life (EHL) rFVIII products recently reimbursed by Italian National Health Service (NHS), give the possibility of prophylactic dosage regimens characterized by reduced administration frequency with the potential to increase adherence to therapy and to improve QoL and clinical outcomes. Based on the approved dosing regimens the minimum and maximum number of administrations per year and the annual consumption for the marketed EHL rFVIII products were estimated. Compared to Adynovi® and Elocta®, Jivi® is the drug associated with the lowest number of administrations per year while versus Esperoct® is associated to a slightly higher maximum number of administrations per year. Furthermore, Jivi® has an annual mean consumption per kg lower than Adynovi®, Elocta® and Esperoct® (-24%, -27% and -22%, respectively). The contemporary reduction of number of injections per year and the lower annual mean consumption (IU) represent important benefits for the patient. From the economic point of view, at the prices published in Italian Official Journal, Jivi® weighted average annual expenditure per patient is 26% lower than Adynovi® and 29% lower than Elocta® and a saving is possible even considering a 10% increase in Jivi®’s price per IU versus comparators. Among the EHL rFVIII concentrates Jivi® appears to be more suitable to cover patients’ needs due to the possibility to adopt different dosage regimens (up to every 7 days) and is associated with the lowest average annual consumption per patient allowing a more predictable budget forecast and overall reducing the NHS expenditure.
Bien vieillir et bien-être : le rôle des objets connectés dans l’activité physique des seniors
Authors: Helme-Guizon Agnès , Debru Romain
Published: June 2020

Pratiquer une activité physique est bénéfique pour la prévention ou le traitement de nombreuses maladies et participe donc au bien vieillir. Néanmoins, initier et maintenir ce comportement chez les seniors semble difficile. Cette étude, ancrée dans la théorie de l’auto-détermination, a pour objectif d’étudier l’activité physique quotidienne des seniors retraités et de montrer le rôle joué par les objets connectés, tout particulièrement sur leur motivation à s’engager durablement dans une activité physique. L’analyse des données collectées auprès de 21 retraités âgés de 63 à 82 ans au moyen d’entretiens semi-directifs (14 participants) et deux mini-groupes (3 et 4 participants respectivement) met en évidence trois profils : les Contraints, les Attentifs et les Engagés. Ils varient dans la satisfaction des besoins psychologiques fondamentaux, le type de motivation, la durabilité de la pratique d’activité physique ainsi que la perception des objets connectés et leur rôle dans la pratique de l’activité physique. Ces profils sont discutés et des recommandations sont proposées.
La rencontre interpersonnelle : un point clé dans l’expérience vécue en magasins de luxe
Authors: de Boissieu Elodie , Urien Bertrand
Published: June 2020

Cette recherche s’intéresse à l’expérience vécue en contexte de magasinage par les clients fréquentant régulièrement les boutiques de luxe. L’étude de ce contexte met en évidence le rôle singulier de la rencontre acheteur/vendeur dans l’expérience vécue, ce qui conduit à enrichir le nombre et la nature des dimensions expérientielles génériques, propres à toute expérience vécue. Une étude empirique portant sur 14 individus fréquentant régulièrement les boutiques de luxe montre que l’expérience de magasinage en contexte de boutique de luxe révèle deux dimensions complémentaires (l’une dite de « transformation identitaire » et l’autre liée au pouvoir). L’ensemble des dimensions sont reliées entre elles par leur caractère interpersonnel. Notre article propose alors aux managers du luxe une typologie qui leur permet de mieux segmenter leur offre expérientielle en magasin. Ainsi, selon que la rencontre est de type « amical », « enchanteresse », « asservissante » ou « pragmatique », l’offre expérientielle proposée en magasin sera distinguée en vue de mieux satisfaire et fidéliser la clientèle du luxe.
GISA: using Gauss Integrals to identify rare conformations in protein structures
Authors: Grønbæk Christian , Hamelryck Thomas , Røgen Peter
Published: June 2020

The native structure of a protein is important for its function, and therefore methods for exploring protein structures have attracted much research. However, rather few methods are sensitive to topologic-geometric features, the examples being knots, slipknots, lassos, links, and pokes, and with each method aimed only for a specific set of such configurations. We here propose a general method which transforms a structure into a ”fingerprint of topological-geometric values” consisting in a series of real-valued descriptors from mathematical Knot Theory. The extent to which a structure contains unusual configurations can then be judged from this fingerprint. The method is not confined to a particular pre-defined topology or geometry (like a knot or a poke), and so, unlike existing methods, it is general. To achieve this our new algorithm, GISA, as a key novelty produces the descriptors, so called Gauss integrals, not only for the full chains of a protein but for all its sub-chains. This allows fingerprinting on any scale from local to global. The Gauss integrals are known to be effective descriptors of global protein folds. Applying GISA to sets of several thousand high resolution structures, we first show how the most basic Gauss integral, the writhe, enables swift identification of pre-defined geometries such as pokes and links. We then apply GISA with no restrictions on geometry, to show how it allows identifying rare conformations by finding rare invariant values only. In this unrestricted search, pokes and links are still found, but also knotted conformations, as well as more highly entangled configurations not previously described. Thus, an application of the basic scan method in GISA’s tool-box revealed 10 known cases of knots as the top positive writhe cases, while placing at the top of the negative writhe 14 cases in cis-trans isomerases sharing a spatial motif of little secondary structure content, which possibly has gone unnoticed. Possible general applications of GISA are fold classification and structural alignment based on local Gauss integrals. Others include finding errors in protein models and identifying unusual conformations that might be important for protein folding and function. By its broad potential, we believe that GISA will be of general benefit to the structural bioinformatics community. GISA is coded in C and comes as a command line tool. Source and compiled code for GISA plus read-me and examples are publicly available at GitHub (https://github.com).