bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigate the Friction Drilling of Aluminium Alloys According
to the Thermal Conductivit
Authors: Ozek Cebeli , Demir Zulkuf
Published: October 2024

Friction drilling is non-traditional hole drilling method which uses the frictional heat due to the friction between a rotating conical tool and the workpiece to soften and penetrate the work-material and obtained a hole in a thin wall thickness material and at the result a bushing form. The selected spindle speeds were 1200rpm, 1800rpm, 2400rpm, 3000rpm, 3600rpm, and 4200rpm, feed rates were 25mm/min, 50mm/min, 75mm/min, and and100mm/min. Tool material was HSS which has 36o conical angle and 16mm cylindrical region length, workpiece materials were A1050, A6061, A5083, and A7075-T651 aluminium alloys which have different thermal conductivity coefficients and 4mm thickness. It was investigated the generated frictional heat, surface roughness, and bushing height according to spindle speeds, feed rates, and thermal conductivity coefficient of the materials. At the end it was discovered that with increasing thermal conductivity coefficients, the sufficient frictional heat was gained at the high spindle speeds and low feed rates. The greater bushing heights were obtained at lower spindle speeds and high feed rates. In friction drilling A5083, A6061, and A7075- T651 aluminium alloys, the optimum surface roughness were generated at 2400rpm and all of feed rates, which were used, the optimum surface roughness values were provided. Due to the high thermal conductivity coefficient of A1050 aluminium alloy the optimum surface roughness values were gained at 25mm/min and 2400rpm, at 50mm/min and 3000rpm, at 75mm/min and 3600rpm, 100m/min and 4200rpm feed rate and spindle speed couples.
Estimating SAD Low-Limits for the Adverse Metabolic Profile by Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Stokic Edith , Srdic Gali Biljana , Kupusinac Aleksandar , Doroslovacki Rade
Published: October 2024

Cardiovascular atherosclerotic diseases represent the significant cause of death worldwide during the past few decades. Obesity is recognized as an independent factor for the development of the cardiovascular diseases. There is a strong correlation between the central (abdominal) type of obesity and the cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Among a variety of anthropometric measurements of the abdominal fat size, sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) has been proposed as the valid measurement of the
visceral fat mass and cardiometabolic risk level. This paper presents a solution based on artificial neural networks (ANN) for estimating SAD low-limits for the adverse metabolic profile. ANN inputs are: gender, age, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, HDL-, LDL- and total cholesterol, triglycerides, glycemia, fibrinogen and uric acid. ANN output is SAD. ANN training and testing are done by dataset that includes 1341 persons.
Influence of the Processing Conditions on the Hot-Rolled Manganese Steel Sheet Surface Quality
Authors: Manojlovic Ruzica , Ilievski Ratko
Published: October 2024

The subject of interest of this paper is the surface quality of manganese steel sheets. The sheets are produced by hot rolling, on an industrial scale, in the Makstil AD Steel Mill in Skopje. Several surface defects were detected; however, the appearance of edge waves in the hot rolling process was especially analyzed. For this purpose, the change of the geometrical parameters of manganese steel sheets was monitored during the hot rolling process and measurements of the sheet flatness were done. Furthermore, some of the more important technological parameters of the rolling process were followed – reduction degree, temperature, velocity and rolling force, in each of the passes, in the course of the plastic deformation. The knowledge obtained indicates that sheets with quality surface and without edge waves are produced with higher rolling velocities, higher rolling temperatures and lower rolling forces. This finding can serve for defining optimal sheet processing conditions, at which absence of edge waves and satisfactory flatness quality of the steel sheets can be accomplished.
Investigate the Surface Roughness and Bushing Shape in Friction Drilling Of A7075-T651 and St 37 Steel
Authors: Özek Cebeli , Demir Zülküf
Published: October 2024

Due to the beneficial of the bushing form, the connection length and clamping strength is increased in friction drilling of thin-walled cast materials. In this experimental study 2400, 3600, and 4800 rpm spindle speeds, 50, 75, and 100 mm/min feed rates, 240 , 360 , and 480 tool conical angles were selected. 2, 4, and 6 mm thicknesses of A7075-T651 aluminium alloys and St 37 steel materials were drilled with using 10 mm diameter HSS (High Speed Steel) and WC (Tungsten Carbide) rotating conical tools which have 16 mm cylindrical region length. I was analysed the surface roughness, bushing height and bushing sheet thickness according to the spindle speed, feed rate, tool conical angle, workpiece material thickness, both workpiece and tool material types parameters. Consequently it was discovered that in friction drilling of 2 mm thickness A7075-T651 aluminium alloy, the bushing was formed as petal shape, which limited providing connection length and clamping strength owing to the brittleness of the material. In friction drilling of brittle materials, there were a lot of cracks generated on the bushing shape. The minimum surface roughness values were obtained at 3600 rpm spindle speed and 75 mm/min feed rate conditions friction drilling of St 37 steel material. The surface roughness values of A7075-T651 aluminium alloys were higher than St 37 steel materials. In conditions decreasing the spindle speeds, tool conical angles, and increasing feed rates, the bushing height was increased and bushing wall thickness was decreased.
Towards One health for All; Maintaining Human health in a town through Integration of an integrated scientific projects into a healthy landscaped site.
Authors: Abderrahmane* MAACHOU
Published: October 2024

Chronic diseases in big town as a result of over crowded streets, waste pollutants and factories lead us to work suriously and regourously in order to provide a healthy environment suitable for traitment in ecological town with a suitable density of population for healthy living.
In this research through landscape architecture and the concept of ONE HEALTH as well as the fabric space, we promote health for all through a modern healthy structure in Ouzera town with a salutogenic architecture.
The research in the medical fields is also being developed by establishing an integrated scientific space in Ouzera town according to the local schema for mangement of Médéa territories for the 2030 horizons.
This space is designated with landscape Architecture and one of its research structures proposed for design is a reserch center on animal medicine and productivity that implements the one health initiative.
Teorema de Pitágoras: Do contexto escolar à prática profissional na determinação de alinhamentos e áreas de lotes urbanos
Authors: Barros Janilce de Araújo , Barros Elsa Melo , Barros Laerte Melo
Published: October 2024

Ao abordar determinado conteúdo, professores frequentemente enfrentam questionamentos sobre a origem e a finalidade da matéria apresentada. Muitas vezes, por falta de conhecimento aprofundado, não conseguem responder adequadamente a essas perguntas, apresentando o conteúdo de maneira desconexa de seu contexto histórico e prático. Este artigo tem como objetivo explorar o uso do Teorema de Pitágoras, desde sua introdução no ensino fundamental até sua aplicação em diversas áreas profissionais, com ênfase na Engenharia Civil e na Arquitetura. O foco está não apenas em sua demonstração teórica e no cálculo de dimensões, mas também em seu papel na criação de formas construtivas desenvolvidas por engenheiros e arquitetos. A escolha do Teorema deve-se à sua relevância histórica no desenvolvimento da Matemática e à sua aplicabilidade em conteúdos futuros em diferentes profissões. O estudo inclui uma breve contextualização histórica do Teorema, uma análise de sua aplicação no ensino fundamental, com exercícios práticos extraídos de livros didáticos, e uma abordagem aplicada à construção civil, especialmente na delimitação e descrição de áreas urbanas e rurais. Os resultados indicam que o Teorema de Pitágoras desempenha um papel fundamental na representação gráfica dos limites de propriedades, auxiliando na definição de seus lados e ângulos, particularmente através do uso do triângulo retângulo, uma figura essencial para a determinação de limites e áreas em documentos de loteamento urbano e rural.
Traceability for strengthening supply chain systems and enhancing real-time visibility:
Focus of NAFDAC on advancing vaccine traceability in Nigeria
Authors: Adeyeye Mojisola C. , Kayode John O. , Olasupo Sabitu B.
Published: October 2024

This study explores the successful implementation of activities aimed at scaling traceability for COVID-19 and routine immunization (RI) vaccines to the local government area and selected healthcare facilities in Nigeria, funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The study was executed by the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) and sought to enhance supply chain systems by deploying advanced traceability mechanisms and ensuring real-time stock visibility. The article discusses the accomplishments, challenges, and regulatory framework of NAFDAC, emphasizing GS1 technology-driven traceability, and presents the results of the field scanning activities conducted in July 2023. The approach involved a phased public sector pilot, showcasing the feasibility and challenges of tracking vaccine movement through the supply chain. The result shows the detection of 43 unique products across 1022 facilities from a total of 110,113 scans, offering valuable insights into vaccine distributions. The strategic goals of the project aligned with developing safety surveillance systems in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to facilitate patient access to global health products. Similarly, significant improvement in traceability through automated data capture (barcode scanning) and expanded coverage for COVID-19 and selected RI vaccines in Nigeria was found. Against this background, the information derived from this report will build confidence in patients regarding vaccine authenticity, establish a transparent and robust supply chain, and foster pharmacovigilance capability through integration with the track-and-trace systems. Thus, the study provides invaluable insights and opportunities for global health practitioners, policymakers, and researchers to incorporate track-and-trace into regulatory systems by other national regulatory authorities.
Can Social Assistance Strengthen the Social Contract in Somalia?
Authors: Lawson-McDowall Julie , Khan Ruby D.
Published: October 2024

In a country still experiencing localised conflict, massive chronic poverty, widespread food insecurity, and the recurrent risk of famine, with a fragile government competing for legitimacy and highly dependent on donor finance, is it reasonable to expect social assistance to contribute to social contract formation? This article explores political economy analyses of what other contracts or bargains might be more important to the government and asks whether particular features or elements of social assistance programmes might contribute to improved state–society relations.
TARAMA SÖZLÜĞÜNDE GEÇEN KÜÇÜK / KÜÇÜLTME ANLAMINDAKİ KELİMELER
Authors: Bahşi Bahtiyar
Published: October 2024

Bir dilin zenginliğini gösteren en önemli unsurlardan biri, belirli bir kavrama dair çok sayıda eş anlamlı sözcük ve deyim barındırmasıdır. Bu çeşitlilik, dilin yapısal özelliklerinin yanı sıra tarihsel gelişimi, kültürel etkileşimler ve coğrafi farklılıklar gibi etkenlerden de kaynaklanır. Türkçe, bu bağlamda ifade olanakları bakımından son derece zengin bir dil olup aynı kavramı farklı şekillerde ifade edebilecek pek çok eş anlamlı sözcük ve deyime sahiptir. Dilin bu zenginliğini kayda geçiren ve gelecek nesillere aktaran en önemli araçlardan biri ise sözlüklerdir. Türkçenin Anadolu'daki tarihsel gelişimini söz varlığıaçısından belgelendiren önemli kaynaklardan biri de Tarama Sözlüğü’dür. Bu çalışma, dilimizin zengin söz varlığını ve bu dağarcığın zaman içindeki evrimini gözler önüne sermeyi amaçlar. Tarama Sözlüğü, farklı dönemlerde ve coğrafyalarda kullanılan sözcükleri bir araya getirerek Türk dilinin tarihsel derinliğini ortaya koyar. Bu çalışmada, Tarama Sözlüğü’nün tüm ciltleri küçük ve küçültme anlamındaki sözcükleri tespit etmek amacıyla tasnif edilmiştir. Tespit edilen bu sözcükler anlam bilimsel (semantik) ve biçim bilgisel (morfolojik) açıdan incelenerek tasnif edilmiştir. Sözcükler, anlamları ve aldıkları ekler göz önünde bulundurularak gruplandırılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, Türkçede küçük ve küçültme anlamı taşıyan 115 sözcük tespit edilmiştir. Bu sözcüklerin çoğunluğu “+cIK/ +cUK, +cAK, +rAK, -tI/-tU /-(I) ntI/-(U)ntU, +cAğIz / cIğAz, +(X)K, + CA” gibi eklerle oluşturulmuştur. Küçük ya da küçültme anlamını ifade eden bu ekler arasında, en yaygın kullanılan ekin “+cIK/+cUK” olduğu belirlenmiştir.
A case of cervical leiomyomatosis diagnosis in a patient with endometrioid carcinoma of the uterine corpus
Authors: Garkusha T. A. , Shelepova V. N. , Zagrebel'nikova A. N. , Telyashkin D. V. , Levkovich L. G.
Published: October 2024

Leiomyomatosis is a rare tumor of smooth muscle cells with uncertain malignant potential. The available literature describes mainly cases of leiomyomatosis of the uterine body, lungs, vessels, and peritoneum. There are data on isolated cases of cervical leiomyomatosis. Most often, leiomyomatosis is asymptomatic, however, there are localizations with the development of such clinical manifestations as infertility or respiratory failure. A clinical observation of a 61-year-old patient who was diagnosed with endometrioid carcinoma, for which videoendoscopic extirpation of the uterus with appendages was performed, is presented. During the examination of the surgical material, cervical leiomyomatosis was diagnosed in the cervix. This case is of interest due to the rarity of this pathology and the complexity of its diagnosis.
Regional microbial content of fermented traditional and industrial East Mediterranean sausages from the islands of Cyprus and Mytilini
Authors: Kamilari Eleni , Stanton Catherine , Tsaltas Dimitrios , Ross R. Paul
Published: October 2024

Objective: To characterize the microbial biodiversity of fermented sausages from the East Mediterranean islands of Cyprus and Mytilini, and to identify differences between the microbial diversity of traditionally and industrially produced Cypriot sausages.

Method: The microbial diversity of thirty sausages from Cyprus and Mytilini (traditionally and industrially produced) was analyzed using high throughput sequencing (HTS) (amplicon sequencing) of 16S rRNA gene and ITS loci fragments. By applying microbial signature detection and machine learning algorithms, we identified key microbes that distinguish traditionally produced sausages from those produced industrially. Focusing on selected microbial taxa and using interaction network analysis, we identified associations among the sausages’ microbiota that may affect the shaping of the sausages’ microbial consortia.

Results: Cypriot and Mytilini sausages indicated increased relative representation of Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc . Cypriot sausages were distinguished by the presence of the fungi Debaryomyces hansenii and Candida spp. , whereas Mytilini sausages by the bacteria Lactococcus and Streptococcus . Traditionally produced sausages from the Pitsilia region of Cyprus were differentiated by the presence of the species Lactobacillus helveticus , whereas industrially produced sausages were differentiated by the species Leuconostoc mesenteroides . Focusing mainly on Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc , negative associations with pathogenic bacteria, such as Salmonella , and spoilage fungi, such as Fusarium poae , were revealed.

Conclusion: The present metataxonomic analysis provided insights into the microbial communities that characterize Cypriot and Mytilini sausages. The findings provide an indication that the microbial diversity might be applied as an additional marker of Cypriot sausages’ authenticity.
Selective-Integrative Technology for the Separation of Colostrum Into Components and the Possibilities of Obtaining Protein Substances From Different Sources
Authors: Ivanov Ievgen , Goltvjansky Anatolii , Bozhkov Anatoly , Gromovoy Taras
Published: October 2024

Background. Obtaining biologically active natural compounds involved in the regulation of metabolism is an important goal in biotechnology. Colostrum is a unique natural source of various biologically active compounds. However, the extremely high natural variability of colostrum composition does not meet the existing requirements for standardization in pharmaceutical preparations.
Objective. To develop a method for separating colostrum into its basic components (lipids, casein, and protein fractions), thereby reducing the variability of whole colostrum composition, obtaining several target products, and demonstrating the possibility of acquiring new protein substances from different sources.
Methods. Colostrum separation was carried out through centrifugation and membrane filtration. Plant proteins (sunflower) and milk proteins were used to obtain protein substances from different sources. The composition of proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids was determined using mass spectrometry, centrifugation, and membrane filtration.
Results. The proposed method for obtaining basic substances from colostrum significantly reduced the vari­ability in composition compared to whole colostrum. The efficiency of protein sedimentation in concentrated protein solutions by centrifugation and ultrafiltration was shown to depend on protein concentration. Additionally, the formation of non-specific protein aggregates in the centrifugal field allowed the extraction of protein substances from various natural sources, which is relevant for functional nutrition.
Conclusions. The proposed selective-integrative technology for obtaining different substances from colostrum significantly reduces the high variability of whole colostrum composition. It increases the efficiency of component separation into lipid, casein fractions, low molecular weight protein fractions, and ultrafiltrate, while also enabling the acquisition of protein substances from diverse sources.
Antimicrobial Activity of Composite Preparations Based on Biosurfactants and Heterocyclic Amino-Containing 1,4-Naphtoquinone Derivativesantimicrobial Activity of Composite Preparations Based on Biosurfactants and Heterocyclic Amino-Containing 1,4-Naphtoquinone Derivatives
Authors: Polish Nataliia , Marintsova Nataliia , Zhurakhivska Lesya , Komarovska-Porokhnyavets Olena , Lubenets Vira , Pokynbroda Tetyana , Karpenko Olena
Published: October 2024

Background. The development of highly effective and environmentally safe composite drugs with antimicrobial properties is an important challenge in biotechnology and pharmacy.
Objective. To determine the antimicrobial activity of new composite preparations based on rhamnolipids combined with heterocyclic amine-containing derivatives of 1,4-naphthoquinone against the test-bacteria Escherichia coli B-906, Staphylococcus aureus 209-P, Mycobacterium luteum B-917, and fungi Candida tenuis UCM Y-70 and Aspergillus niger UCM F-1119.
Methods. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of heterocyclic amine-containing derivatives of 1,4-naphtho­quinone, biosurfactants, and composite preparations based on them was tested against cultures of Escherichia coli B-906, Staphylococcus aureus 209-P, Mycobacterium luteum B-917, and fungi Candida tenuis UCM Y-70 and Aspergillus niger UCM F-1119 using the agar diffusion method on solid nutrient media, as well as the serial dilution method (minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations). The toxicity of the heterocyclic amine-containing derivatives of 1,4-naphthoquinone was predicted using in silico methodology via the ProTox-II software.
Results. It was found that 2-chloro-3-((1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)amino)naphthalene-1,4-dione 3.2 and 2-chloro-3-((3-(n-tolyl)- 1H-pyrazol-5-yl) amino) naphthalene-1,4-dione 3.3 exhibit antimicrobial activity. Their composite preparations, due to the combination with rhamnolipids, demonstrated improved solubility and enhanced antimicrobial effects. Based on the results of the calculated assessment, the studied heterocyclic amine-containing derivatives of 1,4-naphthoquinone are predicted to fall into toxicity class IV.
Conclusions. The antimicrobial activity of 2-chloro-3-((1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)amino)naphthalene-1,4-dione 3.2 and 2-chloro-3-(3-( 3-(p-tolyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)amino)naphthalene-1,4-dione 3.3 is enhanced. This suggests the potential of the proposed biotechnological approaches in the development of new biocidal preparations.
INCORPORAÇÃO DE UM APLICATIVO DE NOTIFICAÇÃO COMPULSÓRIA POR PROFISSIONAIS DA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAÚDE
Authors: Bezerra Tavares Jonatas , Barreiros Benedita Rafaela Silva , De Oliveira Figueiredo de Sousa Nadja
Published: October 2024

Estudo que objetivou analisar a percepção dos profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde sobre a implantação e o uso de um aplicativo web utilizado para a notificação e acompanhamento de agravos de notificação compulsória em âmbito municipal. Foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva de abordagem qualitativa com dados coletados através de entrevistas semiestruturadas e analisadas pelo método de análise de conteúdo. A análise resultou nas categorias: processo de implantação e uso atual; disponibilidade da informação na atenção primária: potencialidades para o cuidado e vigilância no território; e fragilidades, comunicação e suporte. O nível de informatização da rede e a sistematização de um processo de rotina dos trabalhadores mostraram-se como fatores facilitadores da incorporação do aplicativo. A não familiarização com o processo de notificação, a dificuldade com o uso de computadores e internet, falhas na oferta de capacitação, problemas em infraestrutura de rede e instabilidade do aplicativo foram identificadas como entraves.
Non-Fishmeal Based, and Selected Indigenous Raw Materials as Cost-Effective Feeds for Milkfish Aquaculture
Authors: Macusi Edison D. , Jimenez John Edward P. , Vender Ethel Kate , Bongas Henzel P. , Macusi Erna S. , Andam Michael B.
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to find alternative feeds or supplementary feeds that can perform similarly to the existing commercial feeds thereby reducing farmer expense and cutting down their cost of production and increasing their profitability. The formulations for the study included four grow-out treatments mainly: control (commercial feed), taro+control (powdered Colocasia esculenta+commercial fish feed), bloodmeal (formulated fish feed based on bloodmeal), banana stem+control (chopped banana stem+commercial fish feed). A total of 12,000 fingerlings initially weighing 16 g (TL=10 cm) individually were assigned randomly to the four treatments (3000 in each cage measuring 6 x 6 m). The result of the study showed no significant differences between feed treatments from 6th week onwards, whether with weight [MS=0.130, df=3, F=1.14, P=0.333] or total length of the treatments [MS=0.008, df=3, F=0.40, P=0.75]. The FCR ratio showed bloodmeal (1.60) as lowest, followed by the control (1.65), and taro+commercial (1.71) and then banana stem+commercial (2.18). In terms of weight gain, fish from the bloodmeal treatment gained the highest (236.97 g), followed by control (223.33 g), then taro (217.67 g) and banana stem (196.99 g). As a result, we find that any of the tested treatments can serve as an alternative feed to using purely commercial fish feeds. Cost-benefit analysis showed that a better gross profit margin of 42% and cost-benefit ratio of 1.37 was observed in taro+commercial feed diet.
Multi-Class Classification of Breast Cancer Gene Expression Using PCA and XGBoost
Authors: Wu Ximei , Xiao Yimeng , Liu Xueying
Published: October 2024

The volatility of global energy markets, particularly electricity prices, plays a crucial role in influencing international economic activities. In the era of big data, machine learning has revolutionized the field of cancer research, particularly in analyzing gene expression data. This study explores the application of machine learning models to the GSE45827 dataset, which contains breast cancer gene expression profiles. With over 54,000 genes and 151 samples categorized into six classes, the dataset presents a high-dimensional challenge that is addressed using dimensionality reduction techniques such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE). The PCA method proved most effective in retaining the critical features of the data in lower dimensions, allowing for clearer visualization and enhanced model performance.The reduced dataset was then classified using the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model, achieving promising multi-class classification results. The model demonstrated high precision, recall, and F1-scores across several classes, particularly excelling in classes 1, 2, and 5. However, certain classes, such as 0 and 4, exhibited lower recall, highlighting areas for further refinement. The integration of PCA and XGBoost not only improved the interpretability and computational efficiency of the model but also contributed to the accurate identification of breast cancer subtypes, emphasizing the importance of machine learning in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Liposome-Based Antioxidant Delivery Systems for Skin Health
Authors: Ricci Agnese , Stefanuto Luca , Gasperi Tecla , Bruni Fabio , Tofani Daniela
Published: October 2024

The skin, being the largest organ of the human body, serves as the primary barrier against external insults, including UV radiation, pollutants, and microbial pathogens. However, prolonged exposure to these environmental stressors can lead to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing oxidative stress, inflammation, and ultimately, skin aging and diseases. Antioxidants play a crucial role in neutralizing ROS and preserving skin health by preventing oxidative damage.
In recent years, nanotechnology has emerged as a powerful tool for enhancing the delivery of an-tioxidants onto the skin. In particular, liposomal formulations have offered unique advantages such as improved stability, controlled release, and enhanced penetration through the skin barrier. This has led to a surge in research focused on developing liposomal-based antioxidant delivery systems tailored for skin health applications.
Through a comprehensive analysis of the literature from the 2019-2024 period, this review provides an overview of emerging trends in the use of liposomal delivery systems developed for antioxidants aimed at improving skin health. It explores the latest advancements in liposomal formulation strategies, vesicles characterization and their applications in delivering antioxidants to combat oxidative stress-induced skin damage and other associated skin pathologies.
Quantitative Approach to Quality Review of Prenatal Ultrasound Examinations: Estimated Fetal Weight and Fetal Sex
Authors: Combs C. Andrew , Lee Ryan C , Lee Sarah Y , Amara Sushma , Ashimi Balogun Olaide
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Systematic quality review of ultrasound exams is recommended to assure accurate diagnosis. Our primary objectives were to develop a quantitative method for quality review of estimated fetal weight (EFW) and to assess accuracy of EFW for an entire practice and for individual personnel. A secondary objective was to evaluate accuracy of fetal sex determination. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study. Eligible ultrasound exams included singleton pregnancies with live birth and known birth weight (BW). A published method was used to predict BW from EFW for exams with ultrasound-to-delivery intervals up to 12 weeks. Mean error and median absolute error (AE) were compared between different personnel. Image audits were performed for exams with AE>30% and exams with reported fetal sex different than newborn sex. Results: We analyzed 1,938 exams from 890 patients. In the last exam before birth, median AE was 5.9% and predicted BW was within ±20% of actual BW in 97.2% of patients. AE was >30% in 28 exams (1.4%); image audit found correct caliper placement in all 28. Only 2 patients (0.2%) had AE>30% on the last exam before birth. One sonographer systematically over-measured head and abdominal circumferences, leading to EFWs that were overestimated. Reported fetal sex differed from newborn sex in 7 exams (0.4%), 5 patients (0.6%). Images in 4 of these patients were annotated with correct fetal sex but a clerical error was made in the report. In 1 patient, the unclear image was labeled “probably female” but the newborn was male. Conclusions: Accuracy of EFW in this practice was similar to literature reports. Quantitative analysis identified a sonographer with outlier measurements. Time-consuming image audits could be focused on a small number of exams with large errors. We suggest some enhancements to ultrasound reporting software that may help to reduce clerical errors. We provide tools to help other practices perform similar quality reviews.
An Open-Source Database of Cyberattacks on the Maritime Transportation System
Authors: Pijpker Jeroen , McCombie Stephen , Johnson Saul , Loves Rob , Makrakis Georgios Michail
Published: October 2024

The Global Maritime Transportation System (GMTS) is a complex system of systems, encompassing port operations, shipping lines for both cargo and passengers, manufacturing, vessel traffic control, and the vessels themselves. In recent decades, cybersecurity incidents targeting the GMTS have grown significantly in both frequency and economic impact. In response to this escalating threat, we initiated a comprehensive effort in 2021 to systematically collect and catalog all publicly known cybersecurity incidents affecting the GMTS. Drawing from peer-reviewed research, news articles, and government reports, we compiled this data into the Maritime Cyber Attack Database (MCAD). Our dataset, spanning 2001 to 2023, includes over 290 cybersecurity incidents–representing a several-fold increase from the 46 incidents reported in previous research conducted in 2020. These incidents involve 54 countries and over 50 vessels, in addition to various GMTS-associated entities such as ports. The attribution of these incidents points to a range of known nation-state and criminal threat actors. This paper presents MCAD as a novel cyber threat intelligence tool and provides a high-level analysis of the collected data, offering insights into the evolving cyber threat landscape within the GMTS.
Flue Gas Oxygen Content Model Based on Bayesian Optimiza-Tion Main-Compensation Ensemble Algorithm in Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Process
Authors: Yang Weiwei , Tang Jian , Tian Hao , Wang Tianzheng
Published: October 2024

Flue gas oxygen content is one of the important parameters in municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) process. And its stable control is closely related to the incineration efficiency and pollutant emission. The construction of a high-precision and interpretable flue gas oxygen content model is the basis for achieving its optimal control. However, the existing methods have problems such as poor interpretability, low model accuracy, and complex manual hyperparameter adjustment. In view of the above problems, the article proposes a flue gas oxygen content model based on Bayes-ian optimization (BO) main-complement ensemble algorithm. Firstly, the ensemble TS fuzzy re-gression tree (EnTSFRT) is used to construct the main model. Then, the long short term memory network (LSTM) is used to construct the compensation model with the error of the EnTSFRT model as the true value. The weighted value of the main and compensation models is used as the output. Finally, based on the BO algorithm, the hyperparameters of the constructed main-complement ensemble model are optimized to achieve high performance model. Experi-mental results based on real MSWI process data show that the proposed method has good per-formance.
Non-Invasive Measurement Techniques Using Computer Vision
Authors: Segun Oluwaleye
Published: October 2024

In recent years, the demand for efficient and accurate measurement techniques has surged across various industries, driving the development of non-invasive methods that leverage computer vision technology. This paper explores the principles and applications of non-invasive measurement techniques utilizing computer vision, emphasizing their ability to deliver precise measurements without the need for physical contact or specialized sensors. We delve into the underlying algorithms, including image processing, machine learning, and deep learning methods, that enable the extraction of dimensional data from visual inputs. Case studies across diverse fields such as manufacturing, healthcare, and logistics illustrate the effectiveness of these techniques in enhancing operational efficiency and reducing measurement errors. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges and limitations of implementing computer vision-based measurement systems, including the need for robust algorithms capable of functioning in varied environmental conditions. By highlighting the transformative potential of non-invasive measurement techniques, this paper aims to provide insights into future developments in computer vision and its role in advancing measurement practices across multiple sectors.
Evaluation of Diagnostic Usefulness of Multivariate Classification Models Used in Research of the Risk of Scoliosis
Authors: Kulis Aleksandra , Dębska Barbara , Goździalska Anna , Drąg Jagoda , Knapik-Czajka Małgorzata
Published: October 2024

Purpose: Medical experiments frequently involve observations of many variables. For instance, the results of a blood chemistry test are a set of such multivariate data. The study attempts to diagnose the occurrence of scoliosis based on the results of biochemical analyses of blood serum samples.
Methods: The following hormones were measured: FSH, LH, E2, PROG, HGH and PTH. Osteocalcin, calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D were also measured. Discriminant analysis and decision trees were applied to determine which of the measured parameters would allow the studied set to be divided naturally into four groups of patients.
Result: After such a division, these techniques allowed for prognoses, and thus, for assigning new data to the four classes. The results of advanced statistical analyses are presented as classification functions and in a graphical form as a decision tree, as well as a set of decision rules. The study showed that diagnosing scoliosis is possible based on five (LH, E2, PROG, calcium and osteocalcin) out of ten available results of biochemical measurements.
Conclusions: Statistical analysis allowed for classifying new medical cases with high probability, which may even increase after new data are introduced into the dataset and corrected classification systems are generated.
Opioid Analgesics: Rise and Fall of Ligand Biased Signaling and Future Perspectives in the Quest for the Holy Grail
Authors: Breault Émile , Brouillette Rebecca L. , Hébert Terence E. , Sarret Philippe , Besserer-Offroy Élie
Published: October 2024

Opioid analgesics have been used for more than 5,000 years and remain the principal pain medications prescribed today. Although morphine is considered the gold standard for pain relief, this µ-opioid receptor (MOP)-selective agonist provides only moderate relief for many chronic pain conditions and promotes several unwanted effects that can adversely affect patient quality-of-life, prevent adherence to treatment or generate addiction. In addition to the lack of progress in the development of better analgesics, there have been no significant breakthroughs to date that have addressed side effects mentioned above. Fortunately, a better understanding of opioid pharmacology has restored hope for the development of better and safer pain medications. In this review, we describe how clinically approved opioids were initially characterized as biased ligands and what impact this approach could have on clinical practice. We also looked at the preclinical and clinical development of MOP biased agonists, with an emphasis on the oliceridine story, as the first specifically designed biased painkiller. Moreover, we explore the discrepancies between ligands with low intrinsic efficacy and those with biased properties. Finally, we examine the rationale behind biased ligand development during the opioid crisis era.
5 Years of Leaching Experiments to Evaluate Land Spreading of a Modified Bauxite Residue Before and After Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage: Sand or Soil Capping and Revegetation
Authors: Merdy Patricia , Parker Alexandre , Chen Chen , Hennebert Pierre
Published: October 2024

The vast quantities of bauxite residue generated globally necessitate environmentally responsible disposal strategies. This study investigated the long-term (5-year) behavior of modified bauxite residue (MBR) with an initial pH of 8.5, using lysimeters to test various configurations: raw MBR, sand/soil capping, revegetation, and used MBR (UMBR) previously applied for acid mine drainage remediation. Throughout the 5-year experiment and across all configurations, the pH of the leachates stabilized between 7 and 8 and their salinity decreased. Their low sodium absorption ratio (SAR) indicated minimal material clogging risk and suitability for salt-tolerant plant growth. Emission of potentially toxic elements (except V) decreased rapidly after the first year to low levels. Leachate concentrations consistently remained below LD50 for Hyelella Azteca, at least an order of magnitude lower by the experiment's end (except for first-year Cr). Sand capping performed poorly, while revegetation and soil capping slightly increased emissions, though these were negligible given the low final emission levels. Revegetated MBR shows promise as a suitable and sustainable solution for managing bauxite residues, provided the pH is maintained above 6.5. This study highlights the importance of long-term assessments and appropriate management strategies for bauxite residue disposal.
Exploring the Molecular Structure and Treatment Dynamics of Cellulose Fibres with Photoacoustic and Reversed Double-Beam Spectroscopy
Authors: Csóka Levente , Csoka Worakan , Tirronen Ella , Nikolskaya Ekaterina , Hiltunen Yrjö , Ohtani Bunsho
Published: October 2024

In this study, we explored the structural and chemical modifications of cellulose fibres subjected to chemical and mechanical treatments through an innovative analytical approach. We employed photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) and reversed double-beam photoacoustic spectroscopy (RDB-PAS) to examine the morphological changes and the chemical integrity of the treated fibres. The methodology provided enhanced sensitivity and specificity in detecting subtle alterations in the treated cellulose structure. Additionally, we applied Coifman wavelet transformation to the PAS signals, which facilitated a refined analysis of the spectral features indicative of chemical and mechanical modifications at a molecular level. This advanced signal processing technique allowed for a detailed decomposition of the PAS signals, revealing hidden characteristics that are typically overshadowed in raw data analyses. Further, we utilized the concept of energy trap distribution to interpret the wavelet-transformed data, providing insights into the distribution and density of energy states within the fibres. Our results indicated significant differences in the energy trap spectra between untreated and treated fibres, reflecting the impact of chemical and mechanical treatments on the fibre’s physical properties. The combination of these sophisticated analytical techniques elucidated the complex interplay between mechanical and chemical treatments and their effects on the structural integrity and chemical composition of cellulose fibres.
Securing the Sustainable Future of Manufacturing: Analysis of IoT Retrofit Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Safavi Seyedmostafa , Shukur Zarina , Rana Muhammad Ehsan , Mokhtar Umi Asma , Abu Bakar Khairul Azmi , Mohd Nazar Nizmar b. , Rumpa Farzana Iasmin
Published: October 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) is revolutionizing manufacturing, serving as a digital makeover tool that collects essential production data. The transition to IoT generates vast data volumes, requiring robust storage and system architecture. Cloud computing steps in here, accommodating these needs with ease. In this setup, a network of sensors across a manufacturing unit captures valuable data, which is transmitted to the cloud. Specialized software then transforms this data into operational performance insights. This digital integration can elevate a manufacturing business, coalescing with existing systems to deliver remarkable results. As the IoT gains popularity, digital manufacturing is poised to soar. However, security has become a paramount concern, especially for retrofitted IoT devices operating with limited human intervention. Researchers have proposed various solutions for IoT security issues. In this study, we conduct a literature review (LR) to identify the security requirements for retrofitting IoT devices in manufacturing. Our goal is to provide a straightforward roadmap for industry stakeholders, highlighting the most suitable security solutions for their retrofitted IoT systems. Our review focuses on scientific papers from the past four years, specifically addressing the security and simplicity of retrofitted IoT architecture in manufacturing. The overarching aim is to define the security needs for IoT retrofitted devices in manufacturing, facilitating the smooth integration of process data into cloud platforms.
Aligning IT and Business Strategies: Achievements and Challenges – A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Sithole Simon , Grahn Tristan , Pillay Divaashan , Thango Bonginkosi
Published: October 2024

Aligning Information Technology (IT) with business strategies is crucial for improving operational efficiency, innovation, and competitiveness, particularly in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). However, SMEs face unique challenges in achieving this alignment due to limited resources, technical expertise, and a rapidly changing technological landscape. This systematic review aims to assess the achievements and challenges of IT-business alignment in SMEs from 2014 to 2024, with a focus on the impact of emerging technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and blockchain. A systematic search of Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus databases identified 63 relevant papers. Studies were selected based on their relevance to IT-business alignment in SMEs, and both quantitative and qualitative data were extracted and analyzed to identify key trends, achievements, and challenges. The review found that 74% of SMEs reported improved operational efficiency and 68% experienced enhanced innovation opportunities due to effective IT-business alignment. However, 59% of SMEs identified resource limitations as a significant barrier, while 45% highlighted a lack of technical expertise. Additionally, 35% of SMEs faced organizational resistance to change. Emerging technologies such as AI and IoT contributed positively to IT alignment in 60% of cases, though 30% of SMEs noted challenges related to cybersecurity and skills gaps. IT-business alignment is essential for SMEs to enhance productivity and remain competitive in a dynamic technological environment. While the integration of emerging technologies shows promise, SMEs continue to face significant barriers, including resource constraints and technical skills shortages. Tailored frameworks, industry-specific policies, and targeted training programs are needed to help SMEs overcome these challenges. Future research should investigate the long-term impacts of IT-business alignment and explore strategies to increase its accessibility and effectiveness.
Endosomal Escape and Nuclear Localization: Critical Barriers for Antisense Therapeutics
Authors: Allen Randall , Yokota Toshifumi
Published: October 2024

Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for a wide variety of diseases, offering the potential to modulate gene expression with a high degree of specificity. These small, synthetic nucleic acid-like molecules provide unique advantages over traditional pharmacological treatments, including the ability to target previously "undruggable" genes. Despite this promise, several biological barriers severely limit their clinical efficacy Upon administration, ASOs primarily enter cells through endocytosis, becoming trapped inside membrane-bound vesicles known as endosomes. Studies estimate that only 1-2% of ASOs successfully escape endosomal compartments to reach the cytosol, and ultimately the nucleus, where they bind target mRNA and exert their therapeutic effect. Endosomal entrapment and inefficient nuclear localization are therefore critical bottlenecks in the therapeutic application of ASOs. This review explores the current understanding of endosomal escape, and nuclear transport of ASOs. Furthermore, we examine strategies aimed at overcoming these challenges, including the use of endosomal escape agents, peptide-ASO conjugates, non-viral delivery vehicles, and nuclear localization signals. By improving both endosomal escape and nuclear localization, significant advances in ASO-based therapeutics can be realized, ultimately enhancing their potency and expanding their clinical utility
Barışın Ötesinde: Bir Özgürlük Felsefesi olarak Kant’ın Kozmopolitanizmi
Authors: Başkır Ünsal Doğan
Published: October 2024

Kant’ın siyaset felsefesinin en bilinen ve üzerinde en fazla durulan bileşenlerinden biri olma özelliği taşıyan kozmopolitanzim tartışmasını, bir devletlerarası ilişkiler meselesi veya kalıcı barış inşa etme projesi olarak ele alma eğilimi yaygındır. Bu çalışma, Kant’ın kozmopolitanizmini barış kavramının ötesine taşıyarak bir ‘özgürlük felsefesi’ olarak sunmayı amaçlamakta ve Kant’ın titizlikle oluşturduğu kozmopolitan bakış açısının derinlikli yapısının, pekâlâ süregelen adaletsizliklerin devamını sağlayabilecek güvenlikçi bir bakış açısını meşrulaştırmak yerine ahlak felsefesinde temellenen bireysel özgürlüğü odağına yerleştirdiğini iddia etmektedir. Bu bakımdan düşünürün kozmopolitan siyaset teorisi, barışın ve cumhuriyetin önemini yadsımaksızın insanlığın özgürlük kapasitesinin giderek mükemmelleşeceği bir geleceğin imkanlarını aramaya yönelmektedir.
Thoracic Myelopathy Resulting from a Ventral Osteosclerotic Lesion: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Ko Jongtae , Kim Donghwan , Kang Dongho
Published: October 2024

Melorheostosis is a rare type of sclerosing bone dysplasia with an incidence of approximately 0.9 per million individuals. This disease predominantly affects the appendicular skeleton, with rare involvement of the axial skeleton. Patients with spinal melorheostosis may present with symptoms such as scoliosis, stiffness, back pain, progressive myelopathy, radiculopathy, and vertebrobasilar insufficiency. Surgical management for spinal melorheostosis has been reported, but it remains exceedingly rare. Here, we present the case of a 67-year-old woman with incidental findings on thoracic vertebral imaging from a preoperative chest computed tomography scan performed for shoulder surgery. The patient had experienced gait disturbances and mild, motion-related back pain for approximately 2 to 3 years, along with a recent symptom of mild tingling sensations in both feet. A diagnosis of spinal melorheostosis was considered based on the characteristic imaging findings. In this case, rather than prioritizing the severity of the current symptoms, we focused on the location and extent of osteosclerotic lesions, which are directly associated with the potential development of neurological complications. Therefore, we opted for surgical treatment involving decompression and screw fixation. The patient’s symptoms were relieved without significant surgical complications over a 1-year follow-up period.