bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Light‐Emitting Field‐Effect Transistors Consisting of Bilayer‐Crystal Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Kajiwara Kentaro , Terasaki Kohei , Yamao Takeshi , Hotta Shu
Published: May 2011

A novel device structure for organic light‐emitting field‐effect transistors has been developed. The devices comprise bilayer‐crystal organic semiconductors of a p‐type and an n‐type. The pn‐junction can readily be formed by successively laminating two crystals on top of a gate insulator. This structure enables the efficient injection and transport of electrons and holes, leading to their effective recombination. As a result, bright emissions are attained. The devices are operated by AC gate voltages. Gate‐voltage phase‐resolved drain‐current and emission‐intensity measurements enable us to study the relationship between the emissions and carrier transport. The maximum external quantum efficiency reaches 0.045%.
Hybrid Colloidal Plasmonic‐Photonic Crystals
Authors: Romanov Sergei G. , Korovin Alexander V. , Regensburger Alois. , Peschel Ulf.
Published: May 2011

We review the recently emerged class of hybrid metal‐dielectric colloidal photonic crystals. The hybrid approach is understood as the combination of a dielectric photonic crystal with a continuous metal film. It allows to achieve a strong modification of the optical properties of photonic crystals by involving the light scattering at electronic excitations in the metal component into moulding of the light flow in series to the diffraction resonances occurring in the body of the photonic crystal. We consider different realizations of hybrid plasmonic‐photonic crystals based on two‐ and three‐dimensional colloidal photonic crystals in association with flat and corrugated metal films. In agreement with model calculations, different resonance phenomena determine the optical response of hybrid crystals leading to a broadly tuneable functionality of these crystals.
Hypomethylation of the serotonin receptor type‐2A Gene (HTR2A) at T102C polymorphic site in DNA derived from the saliva of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
Authors: Ghadirivasfi Mohammad , Nohesara Shabnam , Ahmadkhaniha Hamid‐Reza , Eskandari Mohammad‐Reza , Mostafavi Siavash , Thiagalingam Sam , Abdolmaleky Hamid Mostafavi
Published: May 2011

Several lines of evidence indicate that dysfunction of serotonin signaling and HTR2A receptor are involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). DNA methylation of HTR2A at T102C polymorphic site influences HTR2A expression and aberrant DNA methylation of HTR2A promoter was reported in postmortem brain of patients with SCZ and BD. Hypothesizing that the brain's epigenetic alteration of HTR2A may also exist in peripheral tissues that can be used as a diagnostic/therapeutic biomarker, we analyzed HTR2A promoter DNA methylation in DNA extracted from the saliva of patients with SCZ and BD, and their first degree relatives versus normal controls. Bisulfite sequencing was used to screen DNA methylation status of the HTR2A promoter CpGs and qMSP was used to quantify the degree of cytosine methylation at differentially methylated sites. Most of the cytosines of the HTR2A promoter were unmethylated. However, CpGs of the −1438A/G polymorphism site, −1420 and −1223 were >95% methylated. The CpG at T102C polymorphic site and neighboring CpGs were ∼70% methylated both in the patients and controls. qMSP analysis revealed that the cytosine of the T102C polymorphic site was significantly hypo‐methylated in SCZ, BD, and their first degree relatives compared to the controls. Cytosine methylation of HTR2A at T102C polymorphic site in DNA derived from the saliva can potentially be used as a diagnostic, prognostic, and/or therapeutic biomarker in SCZ and BD. However, these preliminary observations need to be replicated in other populations with a larger sample size to be considered for clinical applications. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Replacement of homologous mouse DNA sequence with pathogenic 6‐base human CREB1 promoter sequence creates murine model of major depressive disorder
Authors: Zubenko George S. , Hughes Hugh B.
Published: May 2011

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Families with recurrent, early‐onset MDD (RE‐MDD), a severe, familial form of MDD, have provided an important resource for identifying and characterizing genetic variants that confer susceptibility to MDD and related disorders. Previous studies identified a rare, highly penetrant A(‐115)G transition within the human CREB1 promoter that reduced promoter activity in vitro and was associated with depressive disorders in RE‐MDD families. The development of an etiology‐based recombinant animal model for MDD would facilitate the advancement of our limited understanding of the pathophysiology of MDD, as well as the development of improved treatments. Here we report the construction and initial characterization of a congenic mutant C57BL/6NTac mouse model that carries the human pathogenic sequence at the homologous position of the mouse Creb1 promoter. The recombinant strain exhibited decreases in reproductive capacity and pup survival that may be related to increased infant mortality observed in RE‐MDD families; enlargement of the cerebral ventricles; reduced levels of CREB protein in the mouse cerebral cortex, as predicted from transfection experiments employing the pathogenic human CREB1 promoter; and alterations in two standardized behavioral tests, the forced swim and marble burying tests. These initial findings support the pathogenicity of the human A(‐115)G promoter variant, and invite further characterization of this etiology‐based recombinant animal model for MDD. Human promoter variants that have highly penetrant effects on disease expression provide an attractive opportunity for creating etiology‐based mouse models of human diseases, with minimal disruption of the mouse genome. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel pathogenic mutations and copy number variations in the VPS13A Gene in patients with chorea‐acanthocytosis
Authors: Tomiyasu Akiyuki , Nakamura Masayuki , Ichiba Mio , Ueno Shuichi , Saiki Shinji , Morimoto Mizuki , Kobal Jan , Kageyama Yasufumi , Inui Toshio , Wakabayashi Koichi , Yamada Tatsuo , Kanemori Yuji , Jung Hans H. , Tanaka Haruhiko , Orimo Satoshi , Afawi Zaid , Blatt Ilan , Aasly Jan , Ujike Hiroshi , Babovic‐Vuksanovic Dusica , Josephs Keith A. , Tohge Rie , Rodrigues Guilherme Riccioppo , Dupré Nicolas , Yamada Hidetaka , Yokochi Fusako , Kotschet Katya , Takei Takanobu , Rudzińska Monika , Szczudlik Andrzej , Penco Silvana , Fujiwara Masaki , Tojo Kana , Sano Akira
Published: May 2011

Chorea‐acanthocytosis (ChAc) is a rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder caused by loss of function mutations in the vacuolar protein sorting 13 homolog A (VPS13A) gene that encodes chorein. It is characterized by adult‐onset chorea, peripheral acanthocytes, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. In the present study, we performed a comprehensive mutation screen, including sequencing and copy number variation (CNV) analysis, of the VPS13A gene in ChAc patients. All 73 exons and flanking regions of VPS13A were sequenced in 35 patients diagnosed with ChAc. To detect CNVs, we also performed real‐time quantitative PCR and long‐range PCR analyses for the VPS13A gene on patients in whom only a single heterozygous mutation was detected. We identified 36 pathogenic mutations, 20 of which were previously unreported, including two novel CNVs. In addition, we investigated the expression of chorein in 16 patients by Western blotting of erythrocyte ghosts. This demonstrated the complete absence of chorein in patients with pathogenic mutations. This comprehensive screen provides an accurate and useful method for the molecular diagnosis of ChAc. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interpenetrating polymer networks based on poly(styrene‐co‐butylacrylate‐co‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and SiO2
Authors: Javaherian Naghash Hamid
Published: May 2011

Copolymer such as poly(styrene‐co‐butylacrylate‐co‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) p (St‐BA‐HEMA) was prepared via free radical emulsion polymerization method. The resulting copolymer was converted to silicone secondary crosslinked interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) by condensation reaction with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). The obtained copolymers were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Thermal properties of the copolymers were studied by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Optical microscopy (OM) is used for studying the morphology, and then the effects of silicone concentrations, the reflux time, and composition on the phase morphology of P (St‐BA‐HEMA)‐SiO2 IPNs were discussed. The broadening of the transition region was observed with the prolongation of the reflux time, and the tendency for aggregation of silicone on the surface was observed with Teflon as substrate plate. However, an optically transparent film was easily achieved at higher temperature due to the chemical crosslink and physical entanglement between the two phases of P (St‐BA‐HEMA)‐SiO2. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
An unexpected plasticization phenomenon and a constant of the change rate of viscoelastic properties for polymers during nanoindentation test
Authors: Tang Xue‐Gang , Hou Meng , Truss Rowan , Zou Jin , Yang Wei , Dong Zhi‐Gang , Huang Han
Published: May 2011

The effect of loading force, loading rate and unloading rate on the viscoelastic behavior of three representative polymers: poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA, amorphous polymer), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF, semicrystalline polymer), and epoxy (crosslinked polymer) have been investigated using nanoindentation. The results showed that the maximum indentation depth increased with the increase of loading force, and the relationship between loading force and depth became linear when the loading force is beyond 3000 μN. At the beginning, the plasticity index changed substantially with the increase of loading force, and after reaching a critical loading force, the plasticity index almost remained constant. The maximum indentation depth decreased with the increase of loading rate, which followed a power law curve. With the increase of loading rate, a plasticization phenomenon happened, and a possible reason is that the heat may accumulate and raise the local temperature. The plasticity index initially followed the power law with the increase of unloading rate and then almost remained constant. A constant, the change rate of viscoelastic properties with the unloading rate, for the three representative polymers studied in this research, around −0.033, has been obtained, which may be another manifestation of the phenomenon that many polymers have similar time/temperature shifts and that their WLF equation constants are approximately the same. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Ring‐opening bulk polymerization of five‐ and six‐membered cyclic phosphonates using maghnite, a nontoxic proton exchanged montmorillonite clay
Authors: Oussadi Karima , Montembault Véronique , Belbachir Mohamed , Fontaine Laurent
Published: May 2011

A new method of preparation of poly(alkylene H‐phosphonate)s by ring‐opening bulk polymerization of the five‐ and six‐membered cyclic phosphonates monomers using the nontoxic Maghnite‐H+ as the initiator is described. Cyclic phosphonate monomers have been first synthesized. In particular, a new one‐step synthesis of 2‐hydro‐2‐oxo‐1,3,2‐dioxaphospholane is reported with a yield of 70%. The efficiency of the montmorillonite sheet silicate clay which exchanged with protons, called Maghnite‐H+, as cationic initiator has been proved and the resulting biomimetic poly(alkylene H‐phosphonate)s have been characterized. The Maghnite‐H+ regenerated after one turn‐over has showed to be still efficient as initiator for the ring‐opening polymerization. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Use of EPDMSDD as compatibilizer agent for EPDM/EPDMR blends: Rheologic, mechanical, and morphologic properties
Authors: Santos G. C. , Carmo D. M. , Rezende C. G. F. , Zattera A. J. , Oliveira M. G. , Oliveira P. J.
Published: May 2011

Around the world, concern is growing about the amount of waste rubber going into landfills. Policymakers are encouraging researchers to find innovative ways to recycle this waste. In this study, as part of an effort to recycle waste rubber (EPDMR) as filler in compositions of EPDM, we prepare a terpolymer of ethylene–propylene–diene with 1‐dodecanethiol (EPDMSDD). We use it as a compatibilizing agent to improve adhesion and incorporation of the residue (EPDMR) in EPDM/EPDMR blends. We synthesize and characterize EPDMSDD through 13C‐NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. We evaluate the effect of the compatibilizer EPDMSDD using vulcanization parameters, such as optimum cure time, scorch time, and torque. To evaluate its effect on the interaction between EPDMSDD/EPDMR, we carried out mechanical tests of samples with and without EPDMSDD. Our findings show that the tensile strength and elongation increased with the addition of EPDMSDD, indicating a better interaction between EPDMR/EPDM. Tear strength also increased with the presence of EPDMSDD, particularly for the amount of 70 and 80 phr of EPDMR. This suggests a good adhesion between the phases in high amounts of waste. The micrographs of the mixtures revealed that the addition of EPDMSDD improved the dispersion of the EPDMR in the EPDM phase. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
Formation of macroporous organic‐inorganic polymer hybrids using tea extract
Authors: Iwamura Takeru , Sakaguchi Masato
Published: May 2011

Macroporous organic–inorganic polymer hybrids were prepared from poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), and inorganic alkoxides. To a reaction mixture of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and tetramethoxysilane, extract from tea leafs and HCl aqueous solution in methanol were added. The resulting mixture was constantly stirred at room temperature for 1 h and heated at 60°C for two weeks. Consequently, the corresponding polymer hybrid became a macroporous material having a pore size from 3.26 to 20.86 μm. We succeeded in finding that the pruned tea leafs were able to utilize the synthesis of novel macroporous materials. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Recycling engine oil containers to prepare wood–plastic composites
Authors: Lei Yong , Wu Qinglin
Published: May 2011

The collected oil containers were drained, crushed, and used directly to make wood–plastic composites through reactive extrusion, using maleic anhydride (MA) and maleated polyethylene (PE‐g‐MA) as coupling agents. Oil residue in the container would be controlled at lower than 6 wt % through simple draining, and it played a role as a plasticizer in the plastics and composites. As a coupling agent, MA performed better than PE‐g‐MA. The comprehensive mechanical properties of oil container plastics (OCP)/wood/MA (60/40/2 w/w) composite were at the same level as those of neat plastic/wood/PE‐g‐MA (60/40/3.2 w/w) system. Both PE‐g‐MA and MA effectively improved water resistance of the OCP/wood flour composites, especially MA. The residual oil in the composites was stable under heat to about 200°C or in the water, and it did not influence the thermal degradation behavior of the composites. The OCP was successfully used to make wood–plastic composite panels. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Influenza vaccination responses in human systemic lupus erythematosus: Impact of clinical and demographic features
Authors: Crowe Sherry R. , Merrill Joan T. , Vista Evan S. , Dedeke Amy B. , Thompson David M. , Stewart Scott , Guthridge Joel M. , Niewold Timothy B. , Franek Beverly S. , Air Gillian M. , Thompson Linda F. , James Judith A.
Published: May 2011

Objective

Vaccination against common pathogens, such as influenza, is recommended for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) to decrease infections and improve health. However, most reports describing the vaccination response are limited to evaluations of SLE patients with quiescent disease. This study focuses on understanding the clinical, serologic, therapeutic, and demographic factors that influence the response to influenza vaccination in SLE patients with a broad range of disease activity.

Methods

Blood specimens and information on disease activity were collected from 72 patients with SLE, at baseline and at 2, 6, and 12 weeks after influenza vaccination. Influenza‐specific antibody responses were assessed by determining the total serum antibody concentration (Bmax), relative affinity (Ka), and level of hemagglutination inhibition in the plasma. Using a cumulative score, the patients were evenly divided into groups of high or low vaccine responders. Autoantibody levels were evaluated at each time point using immunofluorescence tests and standard enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays.

Results

Compared to high responders, low responders to the vaccine were more likely to have hematologic criteria (P = 0.009), to have more American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for SLE (P = 0.05), and to be receiving concurrent prednisone treatment (P = 0.04). Interestingly, European American patients were more likely to be low responders than were African American patients (P = 0.03). Following vaccination, low responders were more likely to experience disease flares (P = 0.01) and to have increased titers of antinuclear antibodies (P = 0.04). Serum interferon‐α activity at baseline was significantly higher in patients in whom a flare occurred after vaccination compared to a matched group of patients who did not experience a disease flare (P = 0.04).

Conclusion

Ancestral background, prednisone treatment, hematologic criteria, and evidence of increased likelihood of disease flares were associated with low antibody responses to influenza vaccination in SLE patients.
Highly Selective Iron‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Alkenes by the Reduction of Alkynes
Authors: Enthaler Stephan , Haberberger Michael , Irran Elisabeth
Published: May 2011

Herein, the iron‐catalyzed reduction of a variety of alkynes with silanes as a reductant has been examined. With a straightforward catalyst system composed of diiron nonacarbonyl and tributyl phosphane, excellent yields and chemoselectivities (>99 %) were obtained for the formation of the corresponding alkenes. After studying the reaction conditions, and the scope and limitations of the reaction, several attempts were undertaken to shed light on the reaction mechanism.
Nanoparticle‐based Indicator‐Displacement Assay for Pyrophosphate
Authors: Oh Dong Ju , Kim Kyung Mi , Ahn Kyo Han
Published: May 2011

Silica nanoparticles functionalized with a ZnII‐dipicolylamine derivative are used as the receptor component of a sensing ensemble for an indicator‐displacement assay. The nano‐ensemble system, constructed with pyrocatechol violet as an indicator, selectively senses pyrophosphate over other anions including hydrogen phosphate, thus showing a visible blue‐to‐yellow color change and the corresponding absorption spectral changes in a buffer solution of pH 7. A distinct recognition behavior—the nano‐ensemble does not sense hydrogen phosphate that was sensed by the traditional ensemble with the same molecular receptor—is explained by an incomplete‐displacement model in the case of the integrated receptor system. The present work demonstrates that the nanoparticle‐based competition assay is as effective as the traditional approach with molecular receptors. Furthermore, such an integrated receptor system can provide distinct recognition behavior from its molecular receptor.
Effects of ice and water clouds on rainfall: a partitioning analysis based on surface rainfall budget
Authors: Ping Fan , Luo Zhexian , Wang Huijun
Published: May 2011

The effects of ice and water clouds on rainfall are investigated through a partitioning analysis based on surface rainfall budget. The data come from five two‐dimensional idealized cloud‐resolving model simulations that are imposed by zero large‐scale vertical velocity and time‐invariant sea surface temperature. The grid‐scale rainfall simulation data from the last 10‐day equilibrium period are categorized by different rainfall processes to form eight rainfall types. The results show that the rainfall contribution of the rainfall with water vapor convergence is decreased when the radiative effects of ice and water clouds are excluded, whereas it is increased when the microphysical effects of ice clouds are excluded. The decreased rainfall contribution caused by the removal of radiative effects of ice clouds is much stronger than that caused by the elimination of radiative effects of water clouds, whereas it is weaker than the increased rainfall contribution caused by the exclusion of microphysical effects of ice clouds, which leads to the increased rainfall contribution caused by the total exclusion of ice microphysics. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Determination of memantine in rat plasma by HPLC‐fluorescence method and its application to study of the pharmacokinetic interaction between memantine and methazolamide
Authors: Hassan Mohamed G. , Emara Kamla M. , Mohamed Horria A. , Abdel‐Wadood Hanaa M. , Ikeda Rie , Wada Mitsuhiro , Kuroda Naotaka , Nakashima Kenichiro
Published: May 2011

A sensitive high‐performance liquid chromatographic method with fluorescence detection was developed to determine memantine (MT) in rat plasma. The method consists of pre‐column labeling of MT with 4‐(4,5‐diphenyl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)benzoyl chloride (DIB‐Cl) and a clean‐up step with solid‐phase extraction. A good separation of DIB‐MT was achieved within 12 min on an octadecylsilica (ODS) column (150 × 4.6 mm i.d.; 5 µm) with a mobile phase of acetonitrile–water (70:30, v/v). The calibration curve prepared with fluoxetine as an internal standard showed good linearity in the range of 10–400 ng/mL (r = 0.999). The limits of detection and quantitation at signal‐to‐noise ratios of 3 and 10 were 2.0 and 6.6 ng/mL, respectively. The method was shown to be reliable with precisions of <5% for intra‐day and <9% for inter‐day as relative standard deviation. The fluorescence property and reaction yield of authentic DIB‐MT were also examined. The proposed method was successfully applied to study the pharmacokinetic interaction between MT and methazolamide. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Azobenzene‐Based Colorimetric Chemosensors for Rapid Naked‐Eye Detection of Mercury(II)
Authors: Cheng Xiaohong , Li Qianqian , Li Conggang , Qin Jingui , Li Zhen
Published: May 2011

Two new highly selective colorimetric chemosensors for Hg2+, based on azobenzene and highly selective Hg2+‐promoted deprotection of a dithioacetal have been designed and synthesized. In the presence of as little as 20 μM Hg2+, the sensors change their color from light yellow to deep red, which can easily be observed by the naked eye. The underlying signaling mechanism is intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). The sensors have good selectivity for Hg2+ with respect to several common alkali, alkaline earth, and transition metal ions. Furthermore, they can be used for in‐the‐field measurements by virtue of a dipstick approach without any additional equipment.
Unique Self‐Anhydride Formation in the Degradation of Cytidine‐5′‐monophosphosialic Acid (CMP‐Neu5Ac) and Cytidine‐5′‐diphosphosialic Acid (CDP‐Neu5Ac) and its Application in CMP‐sialic Acid Analogue Synthesis
Authors: Kajihara Yasuhiro , Nishigaki Sachiko , Hanzawa Daisuke , Nakanishi Go , Okamoto Ryo , Yamamoto Naoki
Published: May 2011

Sialyloligosaccharides are synthesised by various glycosyltransferases and sugar nucleotides. All of these nucleotides are diphosphate compounds except for cytidine‐5′‐monophosphosialic acid (CMP‐Neu5Ac). To obtain an insight into why cytidine‐5′‐diphosphosialic acid (CDP‐Neu5Ac) has not been used for the sialyltransferase reaction and why it is not found in biological organisms, the compound was synthesised. This synthesis provided the interesting finding that the carboxylic acid moiety of the sialic acid attacks the attached phosphate group. This interaction yields an activated anhydride between carboxylic acid and the phosphate group and leads to hydrolysis of the pyrophosphate linkage. The mechanism was demonstrated by stable isotope‐labelling experiments. This finding suggested that CMP‐Neu5Ac might also form the corresponding anhydride structure between carboxylic acid and phosphate, and this seems to be the reason why CMP‐Neu5Ac is acid labile in relation to other sugar nucleotides. To confirm the role of the carboxylic acid, CMP‐Neu5Ac derivatives in which the carboxylic acid moiety in the sialic acid was substituted with amide or ester groups were synthesised. These analogues clearly exhibited resistance to acid hydrolysis. This result indicated that the carboxylic acid of Neu5Ac is associated with its stability in solution. This finding also enabled the development of a novel chemical synthetic method for CMP‐Neu5Ac and CMP‐sialic acid derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: CaAl2Si2‐Type Arsenides Ln2/3Zn2As2 (Ln: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm).
Authors: Nientiedt Andre T. , Lincke Hannes , Rodewald Ute Ch. , Poettgen Rainer , Jeitschko Wolfgang
Published: May 2011

The isotypic title compounds are prepared from the elements in NaCl/KCl fluxes (silica tubes, 1070 K, 7 d) and characterized by powder XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Blue‐Violet Photoluminescence from Sputtered ZnO Thin Films.
Authors: Liang Zhiwen , Yu Xiang , Lei Bingfu , Liu Pengyi , Mai Wenjie
Published: May 2011

Polycrystalline ZnO thin films are deposited on Si(100) substrates by sputtering in pure argon atmosphere, followed by annealing in air between 300 and 1050 °C for 2 h.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal Activation of N—H Bonds by Transition‐Metal Oxide Cations: Does a Hierarchy Exist in the First Row?
Authors: Kretschmer Robert , Zhang Xinhao , Schlangen Maria , Schwarz Helmut
Published: May 2011

The thermal ion/molecule reactions of [MO]+ (M: Sc—Ni, Zn) with ammonia are characterized with respect to the relative rate coefficients, product distributions, rate coefficients, and higher‐order products by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and DFT computations using the B3LYP functional.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxide Fluoride Sulfides of the Lanthanoids with the Formula Ln3OF5S (Ln: Nd, Sm, Gd—Ho).
Authors: Grossholz Hagen , Janka Oliver , Schleid Thomas
Published: May 2011

The title compounds are synthesized by reaction of LnF3 (Ln: Nd, Sm, Gd—Ho), Ln2O3, Ln, and S (molar ratio 2:5:1:3) in a NaCl flux (850 °C, 7 d).
ChemInform Abstract: New Layered Cobalt Oxyfluoride, Sr2CoO3F.
Authors: Tsujimoto Yoshihiro , Li Jun J. , Yamaura Kazunari , Matsushita Yoshitaka , Katsuya Yoshio , Tanaka Masahiko , Shirako Yuichi , Akaogi Masaki , Takayama‐Muromachi Eiji
Published: May 2011

The title compound, the first Ruddlesden—Popper type layered cobalt oxyfluoride, is synthesized by high‐temperature/high‐pressure reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of SrO2, Co, and SrF2 (Pt capsule, 6 GPa, 1700 °C, 1.5 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Michael Addition Reaction of o‐Hydroxycinnamaldehydes with Organoboronic Acids Using Hydroxy Group‐Containing Organocatalysts.
Authors: Lee Youngcheon , Kim Sung‐Gon
Published: May 2011

Enantioselective Michael addition of boronic acids (II) to o‐hydroxycinnamaldehydes (I) is achieved using prolinol‐type catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrrolidine‐Linker‐Camphor Assembly: Bifunctional Organocatalysts for Efficient Michael Addition of Cyclohexanone to Nitroolefins under Neat Conditions.
Authors: Anwar Shaik , Lee Pei‐Hsun , Chou Tsai‐Yung , Chang Chihliang , Chen Kwunmin
Published: May 2011

Michael adducts derived from ketones or aldehydes and β‐nitrostyrenes are obtained with high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities by use of the bifunctional catalyst PAC.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Fe(II)/Diaryl Prolinol Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides with Alkenes.
Authors: Wu Haisheng , Wang Bo , Liu Hongqiang , Wang Lei
Published: May 2011

N‐Benzylideneglycine esters and either maleates or maleimides undergo a [3+2] cycloaddition reaction under optimized conditions concerning the ligand, the iron salt, the solvent, and the reaction temperature to give the desired endo‐pyrrolidines with up to 78% enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of a Wide Range of Secondary Alcohols: Cooperation of Dicarbonylchlorido(pentabenzylcyclopentadienyl)ruthenium and CAL‐B.
Authors: Paeivio Mari , Mavrynsky Denys , Leino Reko , Kanerva Liisa T.
Published: May 2011

The racemic alcohols (31 examples) are converted into (R)‐acetates in nearly quantitative yields.
ChemInform Abstract: An Acid‐Catalyzed Formal Allylic C—H Oxidation of Aryl Cycloalkenes with N‐Propylthiosuccinimide.
Authors: Huang Deshun , Wang Haining , Guan Huan , Huang Hu , Shi Yian
Published: May 2011

It allows a mild and efficient access to cyclic allyl ethers, esters, and sulfonamides.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Axially Chiral Hydroxy Carboxylic Acid Derivatives by Rhodium‐Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition.
Authors: Ogaki Shuichiro , Shibata Yu , Noguchi Keiichi , Tanaka Ken
Published: May 2011

The Rh‐catalyzed reaction of 2‐methoxynaphthalene substituted propynoates with 1,6‐ and 1,7‐diynes is found to provide biaryls and teraryls in good yields with high regio‐ and enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Reusable and Durable Immobilized‐Cationic Gold(I) Catalysts for Environmentally Benign Bond‐Forming Reactions.
Authors: Egi Masahiro , Azechi Kenji , Akai Shuji
Published: May 2011

Polystyrene‐immobilized Au(I) complex represents an efficient catalyst for the activation of C—C triple bonds in various cyclization reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Polyfunctional Sulfides with Chlorine Dioxide.
Authors: Loginova I. V. , Rodygin K. S. , Rubtsova S. A. , Slepukhin P. A. , Kuchin A. V. , Polukeev V. A.
Published: May 2011

Sulfides (I) are highly chemoselectively oxidized to their corresponding sulfoxides (II) with chlorine dioxide.
ChemInform Abstract: A Ligand‐Free Copper(I) Oxide Catalyzed Strategy for the N‐Arylation of Azoles in Water.
Authors: Yong Fui‐Fong , Teo Yong‐Chua , Tay Siew‐Hoon , Tan Bryan Yong‐Hao , Lim Kim‐Huat
Published: May 2011

A simple protocol is developed for the cross‐coupling of nitrogen‐containing heterocycles and aryl halides in water using Cu2O and Bu4NBr as the catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphine‐Mediated Diverse Reactivity of y‐Substituted Allenoates with Aldehydes: Syntheses of Highly Functionalized Chromans and (E,E)‐1,3‐Dienes.
Authors: Ma Renqin , Xu Silong , Tang Xiaofang , Wu Guiping , He Zhengjie
Published: May 2011

In the presence of catalytic amounts of phosphine TCCP, electron‐deficient allenoate (II) undergoes a formal [4+2] annulation with dual functionalized salicylaldehydes, affording the chromans.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Enhancement in the Confined Space of Zeolites for the Asymmetric Synthesis of β‐Hydroxy Nitroalkanes.
Authors: Khan Noor‐ul Hasan , Ansari Mohd. Bismillah , Prasetyanto Eko Adi , Jin Hailian , Park Sang‐Eon
Published: May 2011

Zeolite supported cyclohexanediamine ligands on copper exchanged zeolite Y or mesoporous ZSM‐5 are shown to catalyze the Henry reaction with better yields (up to 99%) and enantioselectivities (up to 94% e.e.) than those obtained under homogenous conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Olefination of N‐Sulfonyl Imines with Stabilized Phosphonium Ylides for the Synthesis of Electron‐Deficient Alkenes.
Authors: Fang Fan , Li Yuan , Tian Shi‐Kai
Published: May 2011

This unprecedented reaction affords an array of α,β‐unsaturated nitriles with high (Z)‐selectivity, and α,β‐unsaturated esters, amides, and ketones with high (E)‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Codimerization of Acrylates and Alkynes.
Authors: Horie Hiroaki , Koyama Ichiro , Kurahashi Takuya , Matsubara Seijiro
Published: May 2011

Linear codimerization of acrylates and alkynes furnishing 1,3‐dienes is achieved using a nickel catalyst in combination with a 2‐aminopyridine additive.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkynylcyclopropanes from Terminal Alkynes Through Consecutive Coupling to Fischer Carbene Complexes and Selective Propargylene Transfer.
Authors: Barluenga Jose , Tudela Eva , Vicente Ruben , Ballesteros Alfredo , Tomas Miguel
Published: May 2011

A very efficient protocol for accessing alkynylcyclopropanes combines the coupling of a terminal alkyne with a simple Fischer carbene complex followed by the regio‐ and stereoselective cyclopropanation reaction with non‐activated alkenes and cyclic dienes.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical Synthesis of 3‐Acyl Cyclobutanones by [2 + 2] Annulation. Mechanism and Utility of the Zn(II)‐Catalyzed Condensation of α‐Chloroenamines with Electron‐Deficient Alkenes.
Authors: O'Brien Jeannette M. , Kingsbury Jason S.
Published: May 2011

Successive treatment of tertiary amides with oxalyl dichloride and NEt3 allows efficient access to α‐chloroenamines.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Halogenation of Carbonyl Compounds: Halotrimethylsilane—Nitrate Salt Couple as an Efficient Halogenating Reagent System.
Authors: Prakash G. K. Surya , Ismail Rehana , Garcia Jessica , Panja Chiradeep , Rasul Golam , Mathew Thomas , Olah George A.
Published: May 2011

The reaction is proposed to be effected by in situ generated nitryl halides.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Broensted Acids and Their Calcium Salts in Catalytic Asymmetric Mannich Reactions of Cyclic 1,3‐Diketones.
Authors: Rueping Magnus , Bootwicha Teerawut , Sugiono Erli
Published: May 2011

BPC is found to be the most efficient catalyst to give the target products with up to 88% e.e.
ChemInform Abstract: β‐Aminosulfonamide‐Catalyzed Direct Asymmetric Aldol Reaction in Brine.
Authors: Miura Tsuyoshi , Ina Mariko , Imai Kie , Nakashima Kosuke , Masuda Akira , Tada Norihiro , Imai Nobuyuki , Itoh Akichika
Published: May 2011

SUA efficiently catalyzes the reaction between aldehydes and cyclic ketones to yield anti‐aldol products with high enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetrasubstituted Olefins Through the Stereoselective Catalytic Intermolecular Conjugate Addition of Simple Alkenes to α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Kwon Ki‐Hyeok , Lee Do W. , Yi Chae S.
Published: May 2011

The title reaction of olefins (II) and (VII) leads to formation of the tetrasubstituted products, whereas (IX), (XI) and (XIV) give various di‐ and trisubstituted olefins.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluoroallylboration—Olefination for the Synthesis of (Z)‐4,4‐Difluoropent‐2‐enoates and 5,5‐Difluoro‐5,6‐dihydropyran‐2‐ones.
Authors: Ramachandran P. Veeraraghavan , Tafelska‐Kaczmarek Agnieszka , Sakavuyi Kaumba , Chatterjee Anamatria
Published: May 2011

Still—Gennari olefination of substrates (II) affords exclusively the (Z)‐isomers (IV) which are transformed to the required pyrones (VI) (important building blocks of natural products) via (Z)‐alcohols (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Biphenyl‐2‐carbonitrile Derivatives via a Palladium‐Catalyzed sp2 C—H Bond Activation Using Cyano as a Directing Group.
Authors: Li Wu , Xu Zhipeng , Sun Peipei , Jiang Xiaoqing , Fang Min
Published: May 2011

Compared to other functional groups present in the substrates, the cyano group has the strongest directing effect and thus no side products are found.
ChemInform Abstract: Versatile and Efficient Conversion of Thiols into Disulfides by Poly(4‐vinylpyridinium tribromide) as Reusable Oxidizing Polymer.
Authors: Ghorbani‐Choghamarani Arash , Nikoorazm Mohsen , Goudarziafshar Hamid , Abbasi Mina
Published: May 2011

A wide range of thiols is subjected to oxidative coupling using the polymeric title reagent to produce the corresponding disulfides (12 examples) in moderate to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkynylation Reactions of gem‐Difluorinated 3‐Bromo‐2‐phenylthiopropene: Efficient Synthesis of gem‐Difluorinated 2‐Phenylthio‐1,4‐enynes.
Authors: Hwang Ji Hye , Hong Youn Young , Yang Eun Joon , Jeong In Howa
Published: May 2011

The direct alkynylation of the electrophilic gem‐difluorinated propene derivative (I) is achieved via a simple allylic substitution reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphine Ligand Triggered Oxidative Decarbonylative Homocoupling of Aromatic Aldehydes: Selectively Generation Biaryls and Diarylketones.
Authors: Yang Luo , Zeng Tieqiang , Shuai Qi , Guo Xiangyu , Li Chao‐Jun
Published: May 2011

Novel rhodium‐catalyzed oxidative decarbonylative homocoupling of aryl aldehydes (I) in the presence of triphenylphosphine affords biaryls (II) as main products and diaryl ketones as by‐products.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Michael—Alkylation Cascade: The Enantioselective Nitrocyclopropanation of Oxindoles.
Authors: Pesciaioli Fabio , Righi Paolo , Mazzanti Andrea , Bartoli Giuseppe , Bencivenni Giorgio
Published: May 2011

The present first enantioselective synthesis of spiro nitrocyclopropyl oxindoles provides easy access to these new, biologically inspired compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Epoxides via Borane Reduction of 2‐Haloketones Catalyzed by Spiroborate Ester: Application to the Synthesis of Optically Pure 1,2‐Hydroxy Ethers and 1,2‐Azido Alcohols.
Authors: Huang Kun , Wang Haiyang , Stepanenko Viatcheslav , De Jesus Melvin , Torruellas Carilyn , Correa Wildeliz , Ortiz‐Marciales Margarita
Published: May 2011

Reduction of 2‐haloketones in the presence of SAB allows facile and highly enantioselective access to epoxides.
ChemInform Abstract: 5‐(1,3‐Dioxolan‐2‐yl)‐2‐furanylzinc Bromide; Direct Preparation, and Its Application for the Synthesis of 5‐Substituted Furan Derivatives.
Authors: Rieke Reuben D. , Kim Seung‐Hoi
Published: May 2011

The title reagent (II) is coupled with a variety of aryl halides, acid chlorides, and related electrophiles to produce 2,5‐disubstituted furans in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of New Butenolides by Subsequent Reactions: Application for the Synthesis of Original Iminolactones, Bis‐iminolactones and Bis‐lactones.
Authors: Cheikh Nawel , Bar Nathalie , Choukchou‐Braham Nourredine , Mostefa‐Kara Bachir , Lohier Jean‐Francois , Sopkova Jana , Villemin Didier
Published: May 2011

Esterification—condensation or addition—condensation pathways are successfully applied in the synthesis of title iminolactones (IV), bis(iminolactones) (VII) as well as bis(lactones) (XII).
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple and Efficient Large‐Scale Synthesis of 3‐Hydroxyphthalans via Oxa‐Pictet—Spengler Reaction Catalyzed by Nanosilica Sulfuric Acid.
Authors: Khorsandi Zahra , Khosropour Ahmad Reza , Mirkhani Valiollah , Mohammadpoor‐Baltork Iraj , Moghadam Majid , Tangestaninejad Shahram
Published: May 2011

The condensation of benzyl alcohols (I) with aromatic aldehydes under conventional heating or microwave conditions affords the target compounds (18 examples) with generally good to excellent yields within a short time.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Substituted Indolines via a Copper‐Catalyzed Sequential Multicomponent/C—N Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Jin Hongwei , Zhou Bingwei , Wu Zhi , Shen Yang , Wang Yanguang
Published: May 2011

The method involves a copper‐catalyzed reaction of o‐bromophenylacetylenes with sulfonyl azides and primary amines to give sulfonamides, which undergo a subsequent copper‐catalyzed intramolecular C—N coupling to afford the desired 2‐(N‐sulfonylimino)indolines.
ChemInform Abstract: Indium‐Catalyzed Heteroaryl—Heteroaryl Bond Formation Through Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution.
Authors: Tsuchimoto Teruhisa , Iwabuchi Mami , Nagase Yuta , Oki Kenji , Takahashi Hiroshi
Published: May 2011

In most cases, In(O‐Tf)3 is found to be the optimal catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Suzuki Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Chiral Pyrrolizines.
Authors: Lee Hyo‐Jun , Cho Chang‐Woo
Published: May 2011

The first examples of two consecutive Suzuki cross‐coupling reactions of dihalopyrrolizines furnishing unsymmetrically substituted diarylpyrrolizines are given.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Bis‐Pyrrole Tetra Esters and Alcohols as Novel Mimetics of the Anticancer Mitomycin (VI).
Authors: Abdulla Zubair M. , Iyer Radhakrishnan P. , Akamanchi Krishnamachari G. , Degani Mariam S. , Coutinho Evans C.
Published: May 2011

Open‐chain bis‐Reissert compounds (I) are converted in a one‐pot reaction to the corresponding bis‐pyrrole esters (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some Derivatives Based on the 4‐Benzyl‐1H‐pyrazole‐3,5‐diamine core.
Authors: Jedinak Lukas , Krystof Vladimir , Cankar Petr
Published: May 2011

A facile three‐step synthesis of the title pyrazole derivatives (IV) (15 examples) from commercially available aldehydes (I) involving a Knoevenagel condensation and cycloaddition step is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New 3‐Trifluoromethylpyrazolesulfonyl‐urea and Thiourea Derivatives as Antidiabetic and Antimicrobial Agents.
Authors: Faidallah Hassan M. , Khan Khalid A. , Asiri Abdullah M.
Published: May 2011

Title compounds are synthesized by reaction of pyrazoles (I) with isocyanates (II) or isothiocyanates (IV), resp., followed by intermolecular cyclization reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Photoisomerization of Highly Fluorescent Stilbene Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Tamura Hiroyasu , Shinohara Yoshihiro , Arai Tatsuo
Published: May 2011

Photoresponsive stilbenes having an imidazolium ion directly attached to the p‐position of the phenyl ring are synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Aldol Reaction of Methyl α‐Isocyanoacetate: A Cooperative Catalysis Approach.
Authors: Kim Hun Young , Oh Kyungsoo
Published: May 2011

A chiral transition‐metal catalyst is combined with an achiral organocatalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Alkynylation of Heterocycles with Terminal Alkynes under Air Conditions.
Authors: Kim Seok Hwan , Yoon Jungho , Chang Sukbok
Published: May 2011

The reaction of linear derivatives such as octyne (IIh) is very sluggish.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Allylic Amination/Ring‐Opening/oxa‐Michael Addition Reactions of Chromone‐Derived Morita—Baylis—Hillman Acetates with Amines.
Authors: Wu Chen , Zeng Hao , Liu Li , Wang Dong , Chen Yongjun
Published: May 2011

The title reaction affords (E)‐ or (Z)‐2‐aryl‐3‐aminomethylene‐substituted chromanones from the reaction of acetates (I) with secondary or primary amines, correspondingly (15 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and Characterization of Some Novel 3‐Coumarinyl‐5‐aryliden‐1,3‐thiazolidine‐2,4‐diones and Their Antioxidant Activity.
Authors: Cacic Milan , Molnar Maja
Published: May 2011

A variety of the title compounds (III) (18 examples) is synthesized by condensation of compounds (II) with chromene (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 12‐Aryl‐12H‐benzo[i][1,3]‐dioxolo[4,5‐b]xanthene‐6,11‐diones Using Silica Sulfuric Acid as an Efficient and Versatile Catalyst under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Wu Liqiang , Chao Shujun , Yan Fulin
Published: May 2011

Silica sulfuric acid is shown to be the optimum catalyst for the three‐component reaction to give the title compounds (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Cinchona‐Derived Ammonium Salt Catalyzed Aza Diels—Alder Reaction of Danishefsky′s Diene with Imines.
Authors: Park Yohan , Park Eunyoung , Jung Hyojun , Lee Yeon‐Ju , Jew Sang‐sup , Park Hyeung‐geun
Published: May 2011

Among 9 cinchonidine‐derived catalysts tested in the reaction of diene (II) with imine (IIIa), compound (I) exhibits the highest yield of pyridone (IVa) and is applied to study the scope of the reaction with other (E)‐imines as well as cyclic imines.
ChemInform Abstract: Ir‐Catalyzed Highly Selective Addition of Pyridyl C—H Bonds to Aldehydes Promoted by Triethylsilane.
Authors: Li Bi‐Jie , Shi Zhang‐Jie
Published: May 2011

In the iridium‐catalyzed reaction the unfunctionalized pyridine is used as the Grignard reagent surrogate.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Applications of Sulfur‐Substituted cis‐Hexahydro‐2‐quinolinones.
Authors: Chou Shang‐Shing P. , Cai Yi‐Lin
Published: May 2011

Bicyclic sulfolene (I) and isocyanate (II) are transformed by an aza‐Diels—Alder reaction into quinolinone (III), which under basic conditions is isomerized to cis‐quinolinone (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Amine‐Triggered Triple Cascade Reactions: A New Approach to Functionalized Decahydroquinolines.
Authors: Rai Ankita , Singh Atul K. , Singh Santosh , Yadav Lal Dhar S.
Published: May 2011

The highly enantio‐ and diastereoselective one‐pot synthesis of the pharmaceutically interesting substructures (IV) involves a [2 + 2 + 2] annulation of cyclohexanone with nitroalkenes followed by aza‐Henry hemiaminalization.
ChemInform Abstract: CsxH3‐xPW12O40 Heteropoly Salts Catalyzed Quinoline Synthesis via Friedlaender Reaction.
Authors: Rafiee Ezzat , Nejad Fereshte Khajooei , Joshaghani Mohammad
Published: May 2011

The salt is found to be an efficient reusable catalyst for the reaction of 2‐aminoacetophenone (I) with various activated α‐methylene compounds to give quinolines under solvent‐free conditions and short reaction times.
ChemInform Abstract: An Asymmetric Organocatalytic One‐Pot Strategy to Octahydroacridines.
Authors: Dickmeiss Gustav , Jensen Kim L. , Worgull Dennis , Franke Patrick T. , Joergensen Karl Anker
Published: May 2011

The synthesis involves the addition of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes to malonitrile derivative (I) followed by condensation with anilines and cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Topoisomerase I and II Inhibitory Activity, Cytotoxicity, and Structure—Activity Relationship Study of Rigid Analogues of 2,4,6‐Trisubstituted Pyridine Containing 5,6‐Dihydrobenzo[h]quinoline Moiety.
Authors: Lee Eung‐Seok , et al. et al.
Published: May 2011

A variety of (het)aryl‐substituted benzoquinoline derivatives (III) (24 examples) is designed, synthesized and evaluated for their topoisomerase inhibitory activities and their cytotoxicity against several human cancer cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile and Efficient Generation of Quinolone Amides from Esters Using Aluminum Chloride.
Authors: Schwaebe Michael K. , Ryckman David M. , Nagasawa Johnny Y. , Pierre Fabrice , Vialettes Anne , Haddach Mustapha
Published: May 2011

The use of AlCl3 as an activating agent allows the conversion of quinolone esters into amides, which in many cases are not obtainable through traditional amide bond formation from their corresponding carboxylic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Route to Diverse H‐Pyrazolo[5,1‐a]isoquinolines via Sequential Multi‐Component/Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Yu Xingxin , Pan Xiaolin , Wu Jie
Published: May 2011

The reaction of 2‐alkynylbenzaldehydes with sulfonohydrazide and either bromine or iodine, followed by reaction with an aldehyde or ketone affords the corresponding bromo‐ or iodo‐substituted title compounds which undergo Suzuki—Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Asymmetric Michael Addition of Cyclic N‐Sulfonylimines to α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes.
Authors: Xiong Xiao‐Feng , Zhang Hang , Peng Jing , Chen Ying‐Chun
Published: May 2011

Saccharin‐derived cyclic imines such as (I) can be used as direct nucleophiles in the asymmetric Michael reaction with α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes such as (II) by using the iminium catalyst of a chiral secondary amine.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Pharmacological Properties of N‐Substituted‐N′‐(4,6‐dimethylpyrimidin‐2‐yl)‐thiourea Derivatives and Related Fused Heterocyclic Compounds.
Authors: Saeed Sohail , Rashid Naghmana , Jones Peter G. , Tahir Arifa
Published: May 2011

Title compounds (IV) and their intramolecular cyclization products (V) are prepared and tested for their antifungal and antibacterial activities.
ChemInform Abstract: A Rapid and Convenient Synthesis of 5‐Unsubstituted 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2‐ones and Thiones.
Authors: Fang Zhanxiong , Lam Yulin
Published: May 2011

The multicomponent, microwave assisted cyclocondensation reaction of keto acid (I) with aromatic aldehydes and either ureas or thioureas proceeds within minutes compared to several hours using conventional heating.