bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Participatory Action Research and Student Perspectives in a Rural Postsecondary Education Program
Authors: Love Kristen , Mock Martha
Published: June 2018

Students with intellectual disabilities have a unique pathway into college, and for many rural areas, this is a relatively new pathway. The reauthorization of the Higher Education Opportunity Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-315) prioritizes inclusive postsecondary education opportunities with an emphasis on students accessing academic, social, and meaningful employment experiences. However, in this legislation, inclusion is vaguely defined and left to postsecondary education institutions to structure within their program model. This article provides perspectives from students with intellectual disabilities from a postsecondary education program situated on a college campus in a rural town. Through participatory action research, students shared their experiences using a variety of communication modalities and offered a meaningful perspective on the challenges and opportunities faced in a rural setting.
The transition from child and adolescent to adult mental health services with a focus on diagnosis progression
Authors: Collins Ann , Muñoz-Solomando Antonio
Published: June 2018

Aims and method

This article examines mental health disorders as individuals transition from adolescence to adulthood. Data were collected from clinical records of patients who had transitioned from child and adolescent mental health services to adult mental health services in a region in South Wales. Demographics and clinical diagnoses under both services were recorded. Patterns between adolescent and adult disorders as well as comorbidities were investigated using Pearson's χ2-test and Fisher's exact test.

Results

Of the 98 patients that transitioned from one service to the other, 74 had changes to their diagnoses. There were 164 total changes to diagnoses, with patients no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for 64 disorders and 100 new disorders being diagnosed. Comorbidity increased in adulthood.

Clinical implications

Diagnoses can evolve, particularly during adolescence and early adulthood. Therefore regular reassessment is paramount for successful treatment.

Declaration of interest

None.
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and anxiety disorders as precursors of bipolar disorder onset in adulthood
Authors: Meier Sandra M. , Pavlova Barbara , Dalsgaard Søren , Nordentoft Merete , Mors Ole , Mortensen Preben B. , Uher Rudolf
Published: June 2018

Background

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety disorders have been proposed as precursors of bipolar disorder, but their joint and relative roles in the development of bipolar disorder are unknown.

Aims

To test the prospective relationship of ADHD and anxiety with onset of bipolar disorder.

Method

We examined the relationship between ADHD, anxiety disorders and bipolar disorder in a birth cohort of 2 409 236 individuals born in Denmark between 1955 and 1991. Individuals were followed from their sixteenth birthday or from January 1995 to their first clinical contact for bipolar disorder or until December 2012. We calculated incidence rates per 10 000 person-years and tested the effects of prior diagnoses on the risk of bipolar disorder in survival models.

Results

Over 37 394 865 person-years follow-up, 9250 onsets of bipolar disorder occurred. The incidence rate of bipolar disorder was 2.17 (95% CI 2.12–2.19) in individuals with no prior diagnosis of ADHD or anxiety, 23.86 (95% CI 19.98–27.75) in individuals with a prior diagnosis of ADHD only, 26.05 (95% CI 24.47–27.62) in individuals with a prior diagnosis of anxiety only and 66.16 (95% CI 44.83–87.47) in those with prior diagnoses of both ADHD and anxiety. The combination of ADHD and anxiety increased the risk of bipolar disorder 30-fold (95% CI 21.66–41.40) compared with those with no prior ADHD or anxiety.

Conclusions

Early manifestations of both internalising and externalising psychopathology indicate liability to bipolar disorder. The combination of ADHD and anxiety is associated with a very high risk of bipolar disorder.

Declaration of interest

None.
Assessment and Improvement Strategies for a Breast Cancer Early Detection Program in Rural South Africa
Authors: Hadley Megan , Mullen Lisa A. , Dickerson Lindsay , Harvey Susan C.
Published: June 2018

Purpose

To assess and develop solutions for an ultrasound-based breast cancer early detection program in rural South Africa 1 year after implementation.

Methods

A WHO-endorsed RAD-AID Radiology Readiness Assessment was used to evaluate clinic resources. In addition, 5 weeks of observation identified resource deficiencies and reviewed existing documentation methods. On the basis of stakeholders’ input and the BI-RADS, we developed new documentation systems. Training was followed by a survey that assessed feasibility and provider acceptance.

Results

Resource limitations included lack of computers, unpredictable electrical supply, and inconsistent Internet. The assessment revealed incomplete documentation of breast clinical examinations and history, breast lesions, and follow-up. Furthermore, limitations negatively affected communication among providers. Three solutions were developed: a paper patient history form, a paper clinical findings form, and a computerized patient-tracking data base compliant with BI-RADS. Three nurses, three nursing assistants, and one counselor completed the survey. Seventy-one percent indicated positive general attitudes, and 100% agreed that the documentation system is easy and useful and improves overall quality of care, follow-up, decision making; access to clinical information; and communication between clinicians and patients. Five of the seven providers reported that the system increased visit time, but three of those five believed that the process was valuable.

Conclusion

Implementation of a breast cancer early detection program in resource-limited regions is challenging, and continual assessment is essential. As a result of identified needs, we developed a documentation system that was broadly accepted. Future steps should focus on increasing efficiency, evaluation of provider attitudes long term, and clinical effect.
Transbilayer phospholipid movement facilitates the translocation of annexin across membranes
Authors: Stewart Sarah E. , Ashkenazi Avraham , Williamson Athena , Rubinsztein David C. , Moreau Kevin
Published: June 2018

Annexins are cytosolic phospholipid-binding proteins that can be found on the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. The extracellular functions of annexin include modulating fibrinolysis activity and cell migration. Despite having well-described extracellular functions, the mechanism of annexin transport from the cytoplasmic inner leaflet to the extracellular outer leaflet of the plasma membrane remains unclear. Here, we show that the transbilayer movement of phospholipids facilitates the transport of annexins A2 and A5 across membranes in cells and in liposomes. We identified TMEM16F (also known as anoctamin-6, ANO6) as a lipid scramblase required for transport of these annexins to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. This work reveals a mechanism for annexin translocation across membranes which depends on plasma membrane phospholipid remodelling.
Small for gestational age babies and depressive symptoms of mothers during pregnancy: Results from a birth cohort in India
Authors: Babu Giridhara R. , Murthy G.V.S. , Reddy Yogesh , Deepa R. , Yamuna A. , Prafulla S. , Rathnaiah Mohanbabu , Kinra Sanjay
Published: June 2018

Background: More than one million babies are born with Low birthweight (LBW) in India every year, often afflicting disadvantaged families. Earlier studies on LBW in India have mostly focused on addressing poverty, nutritional status, and obstetric factors for LBW babies, comprising of preterm babies (<37 weeks) or small for gestational age (SGA) or both. We aim to find the association between antepartum depression and SGA in a public hospital.

Methods: Pregnant women with gestational age between 14 to 32 weeks were recruited. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was administered to assess depression. Newborn anthropometry was performed soon after delivery. Birth weight less than 10 percentile were classified as SGA, between 10 to 90th percentile was appropriate for gestational age (AGA), and greater than 90th percentile was large for gestational age (LGA).

Results: We found that 16.51% (108) of the antenatal mothers had depressive symptoms (EPDS score >11). The women with depressive symptoms delivered a greater proportion of SGA babies (21.3 v/s 15.8) and LGA (9.3 v/s 3.3) compared to women with no symptoms. The odds of women giving birth to a child with SGA were twice as high for women with EPDS scores >11 (adjusted OR = 2.18; 95% CI = 1.23 – 3.87) compared to the women with EPDS scores of ≤11. In terms of Area under curve (AUC), EPDS 11 cut off (AUC: 0.533) narrowly outperformed EPDS 12 cut-off (AUC: 0.4738), which in turn was better than EPDS 13 cut off (AUC: 0.4687) for screening depression in mothers.

Conclusions: We have demonstrated the usefulness of the 10-item EPDS screening tool in screening for symptoms of antenatal depression. There is a need to explore implementation of screening, diagnostic services and evidence-based antenatal mental health services by modifying the provisions of ongoing national programs.
On-Line Timetable Rescheduling in a Transit Line
Authors: Ortega Francisco A. , Pozo Miguel A. , Puerto Justo
Published: June 2018

Public transportation systems in metropolitan areas carry a high density of daily traffic, heterogeneously distributed, and exposed to the negative consequences derived from service disruptions. Breakdowns, accidents, strikes, etc., require on-line operation adjustments to address these incidents and thus reduce their side effects, such as passenger extra-waiting times, complaints, potential operational dangers, etc. The Vehicle Rescheduling Problem consists of defining a new schedule for a set of previously scheduled trips, given that one/several trips cannot be carried out. This paper addresses the rescheduling problem in a transit line that has suffered a fleet size reduction (also denoted as Reduced Fleet Rescheduling Problem). We present different modeling possibilities depending on the assumptions that must be included in the modelization and we show that the problem can be rapidly solved using a reformulation that will be proven to have the integrality property. We test our results in a testbed of random instances outperforming previous results in the literature. We also include a real-world case of the commuter trains of Madrid, Spain to illustrate our solutions.
Regime semi-presidentiel au Bresil: porquoi pas? | Semipresidentialism System in Brazil: Why Not?
Authors: Tavares Marcelo Leonardo
Published: June 2018

Cet article examine les raisons pour lesquelles le présidentialisme de coalition brésilien centralise trop de pouvoir à l'’Exécutif et n´établit pas de relations politiques transparentes. Après avoir étudié le régime semi-présidentiel et les principales critiques qui lui sont adressées par les juristes et politologues français, l´article propose la réforme du régime brésilien vers l'adoption du système semi-présidentiel. La dyarchie peut contribuer à la stabilité et à l'efficacité du gouvernement ainsi qu’à améliorer le dialogue entre les Pouvoirs.
Sobre a obra Curso de Direito Constitucional, de Ana Paula de Barcellos (Forense, 2018)
Authors: Maroubo Felipe
Published: June 2018

Notícia Bibliográfica sobre o livro "Curso de Direito Constitucional, de Ana Paula de Barcellos (Forense, 2018)".
MAPEAMENTO DO PROCESSO PRODUTIVO DE ERVA-MATE
Authors: Bonfatti Júnior Eraldo Antonio , Lengowski Elaine Cristina , Ludka Júnior Aderbal
Published: June 2018

A erva-mate é uma espécie florestal característica da região sul do Brasil que proporciona renda aos produtores rurais, sendo o principal produto florestal não madeireiro daquela região. Com a competitividade do mercado o mapeamento de processo produtivo surge como uma estratégia avançada para que as empresas possam enxergar as suas falhas a fim de encontrar as soluções na busca por melhor produtividade e maior rentabilidade financeira.  Diante disso, esse trabalho propõe avaliar o processo produtivo de uma ervateria de pequeno porte localizada na Região do Contestado, norte do estado de Santa Catarina. Para isso o levantamento de dados contou com observação, visitas à industria e consulta aos responsáveis técnicos pela produção. Dentre as técnicas disponíveis para o mapeamento foram utilizados a análise SIPOC, o mapa de processo e o posicionamento dos processos na planta da indústria. A análise SIPOC e o mapeamento de processos como ferramentas gerenciais possibilitaram a visualização dos processos em diferentes escalas, mostrando a complexidade do processo produtivo de erva-mate padrão uruguaio em relação à erva-mate destinada para o mercado interno, o relacionamento entre as atividades e as dimensões e cruzamentos de fluxo dentro da indústria, sendo esse o principal gargalo na produção da erva-mate padrão uruguaio.
Historical Perspective in the Context of Organizational Culture in Acquisition Studies
Authors: Pardini Daniel Jardim , Machado Denise Campos Chaves , De Oliveira Gabriela Gabriela Silva Sardeiro
Published: June 2018

Neste estudo utilizamos a perspectiva histórica para analisar as manifestações da cultura organizacional na aquisição de empresas. Apesar de bastante sedimentada nos estudos organizacionais, ainda é incipiente a utilização do método histórico para intermediar a relação de construtos que demandam maiores investigações. O objetivo deste artigo é, por meio da abordagem histórica, contribuir para o entendimento da trajetória e dos traços culturais organizacionais no processo de aquisição de empresas. Neste sentido, adotamos os conceitos de cultura propagadora (também denominada parent, da organização adquirente) e cultura receptora (da organização adquirida). Os extratos de história oral coletados nas entrevistas permitiram reconstruir a cultura da empresa adquirida e compreender as manifestações culturais nas decisões e reações de executivos, grupos departamentais e funcionários quando da consolidação do processo de aquisição estudado. Os resultados do estudo demonstram que os contextos históricos das trajetórias culturais das organizações, além de refletirem na formação da cultura parente receptora, auxiliam no entendimento das manifestações culturais pós-aquisição.
Looking back and moving forward: The MLitt in Dress and Textile Histories at the University of Glasgow
Authors: Tuckett Sally , Quinton Rebecca
Published: June 2018

Fashion studies and dress and textile histories are increasingly popular avenues of study at undergraduate and postgraduate levels in the United Kingdom, and as such there is continuing debate both on how to engage in general with these fields, as well as how institutions in particular can interpret and deliver courses relating to these subjects. This article outlines how the postgraduate MLitt in Dress and Textile Histories at the University of Glasgow developed from previous incarnations at Winchester School of Art and the University of Southampton. It explores some of the challenges faced by institutions and students engaging with fashion studies and dress and textile histories, using the Glasgow MLitt programme as a case study.
Looking at Brazilian fashion studies: Fifty years of research and teaching
Authors: Rainho Maria Do Carmo Teixeira , Volpi Maria Cristina
Published: June 2018

This article aims to examine academic output in Brazil in the field of clothing and fashion over the last 50 years with a focus on the humanities, especially history. Formerly an invisible or insignificant subject, fashion became a powerful key for researchers in Brazil to analyse social dynamics, hierarchies, class distinction, consumption and gender issues, among others. Currently in Brazil it is evident that a significant amount of fashion research is being conducted in both public and private universities. The expansion of undergraduate courses related to fashion, the organization of academic events focused on the object, the publishing of Master’s dissertations and Ph.D. theses, and the launch of academic journals on dress and fashion have contributed to this framework. The article also analyses the work of Sofia Jobim Magno de Carvalho, a high school teacher, illustrator, costume designer, journalist, feminist and collector who started teaching clothing in 1949. Sofia’s professional training and experience led her to favour the practices of creating, collecting and preserving, rather than engaging in theoretical, historical or aesthetic discussions. The article will conclude with an overview of recent Brazilian academic research around clothing and fashion. The aim is to analyse the reception and influence of French and Anglo-American historiography in Brazil and to identify under-investigated research areas around costume, fashion and appearance.
The centre of the periphery in fashion studies: First questions
Authors: García Luz Neira
Published: June 2018

Most studies of fashion in the West emerge from theories that have taken shape and have been formulated in a European and North American context, because these theories have been given an impetus in geographic places where fashion has been endowed with political, economic and social significance – the so-called ‘central’ places. This means that not only fashion but also the grounds for studying it have always been (and continue to be) extensively reproduced in the regions that are regarded as peripheral to the field, such as Brazil. As Arjun Appadurai (1986) argues, although the meaning of peripheral refers to something that is geographically remote and, in particular, everything that is seen as morally and culturally different, it also has a hierarchical sense in fashion. This is because it is embedded in the principle of subordination to a model that is regarded of central importance. Over the course of time, these concepts have become key features for interpreting fashion within or emerging from Brazil so far as studies in the field tend to polarize the ways it can be understood: either they lay stress on its exoticism and independence, or they recognize that fashion involves imitation and subordination – or arguments that make it difficult to adopt any alternative position to support these studies. Setting out from these underlying assumptions, this article supports the idea of undertaking studies of fashion (i.e. historical, sociological, design-based, etc.) which employ methods that include peripheral configurations that can provide a more balanced approach to this field. Globalization requires a new way of reflecting on this question.
Para decifrar Brasil (o) la formación del estadista
Authors: Guilherme Mota Carlos
Published: June 2018

El autor analiza el libro Pensadores que inventaram o Brasil, de Fernando Henrique Cardoso, en lo cual se exponen, en diez ensayos, visions e interpretaciones sobre la cultura, la sociedad y la política de Brasil contemporáneo.
La Ação Popular y el proceso de integración en la producción: una experiencia de trabajo y lucha
Authors: De Jesus Silva Camila
Published: June 2018

El artículo en cuestión tiene como objetivo hacer un análisis sobre el proceso de integración en la producción desarrollada por la organización de izquierdas brasileña Ação Popular (Acción Popular, AP), a partir del estudio de los conceptos relacionados con la categoría trabajo, como la división del trabajo, que se desarrolló al tomar forma la distinción entre el trabajo manual y el trabajo intelectual y que, a su vez, condujo al extrañamiento y la alienación del sujeto respecto a su propio trabajo. A partir de esta premisa, y con una breve descripción de la historia de esta organización, que existió más o menos entre 1962 y 1974, se señalarán algunos puntos acerca de las razones por la AP llevó militantes, en su mayoría de clase media, al mundo del trabajo en las fábricas y en las zonas rurales, y qué beneficios representó esta medida en la estrategia política revolucionaria de AP.
1964 y la “Cuestión Militar”
Authors: Almino De Alencar José
Published: June 2018

En la Historia de Brasil, la “Cuestión Militar” es la denominación dada a una sucesión de conflictos entre oficiales del Ejército Brasileño y la Monarquía, uno de los factores que condujo al golpe militar que vino a instalar la República el 15 de noviembre de 1889. La fase monárquica no conoció golpes, a diferencia de lo que ocurriría en la mayoría de los países suramericanos en el mismo período. En el origen de su fundación, los militares se convirtieron en los acreedores y defensores del nuevo régimen. Pasaron a ser referencia obligatoria de los conflictos, ajustes y cambios en la historia del país, ejerciendo esporádicamente el papel que se auto atribuyeron de salvaguarda de los destinos de la nación brasileña. El artículo trata del período de vigencia plena de la Constitución de 1946, analizando el comportamiento político de los oficiales y el desarrollo de una comunidad golpista que llevó a cabo el golpe militar de 1964.
Las graves violaciones de derechos humanos perpetradas por el Estado brasileño durante los años de 1964 a 1985: los casos de muertos y desaparecidos forzados en el Informe de la Comisión Nacional de la Verdad
Authors: Fialho Da Silva Ishaq Vivien
Published: June 2018

Este artículo plantea el tema de la constitución de la estructura de la represión durante la Dictadura Militar brasileña (1964 - 1985) y su papel en la eliminación de los grupos de oposición al régimen, teniendo como fuente el Informe de la Comisión de la Verdad de Brasil (2012 - 2014). El Estado dictatorial instituyó una compleja red de organismos, en los ámbitos federal y estatal, destinada a controlar, detener arbitrariamente, torturar, ejecutar y ocultar los cadáveres de gran parte de los militantes de las organizaciones de izquierda. El artículo presenta documentos que reflejan la política sistemática de negación de informaciones por parte del Estado brasileño de la época, a las solicitudes y denuncias de familiares de muertos y desaparecidos forzados y de los organismos internacionales, incluyendo la existencia de la práctica generalizada de elaboración de documentos con informaciones falsas, adoptada por los organismos de represión y de gobierno. Finalmente, entre los resultados de la Comisión Nacional de la Verdad, presenta la línea de investigación sobre desaparecidos forzados con utilización de los archivos de policía y de institutos de medicina forense.
Marechal Lott, ilustre desconocido
Authors: Tavares Duarte Elisa
Published: June 2018

Guilherme Carloni, K. (2014). Marechal Lott: a opção das esquerdas: uma biografia política. Rio de Janeiro: Garamond.La obra es el resultado de años de investigación, que primeramente dieron origen a su tesis doctoral, titulada emMarechal Henrique Teixeira Lott: a opção das esquerdas/em, leída en 2010, en el programa de postgrado en Historia de la Universidad Federal Fluminense (Niterói, Río de Janeiro, Brasil). El libro de autoría de Karla Guilherme Carloni que se publica en 2014 analiza la trayectoria biográfica y el mito del “Marechal Lott”.
Tendencias electorales en Araraquara: análisis de la representatividad partidaria en el Poder Legislativo en el período 1964-2008
Authors: Alberto Toledo Rodrigo , Prando Rodrigo Augusto , Aparecida Colombo Luciléia
Published: June 2018

Este artículo presenta las primeras tendencias del comportamiento electoral de la ciudad de Araraquara en el período de 1964 a 2008. A partir del análisis basado en los datos de las elecciones municipales, presentamos las características del comportamiento local que reflejan las divergencias del ámbito urbano y rural y sus cambios. Los análisis muestran que la división socioeconómica poco ha alterado la estructura de adhesión política a los líderes que surgieron en el periodo. El  análisis de los datos evidencia que los partidos disidentes del extinto ARENA (PDS) mantuvieron altas tasas de adhesión electoral.
Presentación de los Directores
Authors: Santos Pérez José Manuel , Beçak Rubens
Published: June 2018

Texto de presentación del número 3 (volumen 2) de la Revista de Estudios Brasileños.
The Effects of Below-Knee Medical Compression Stockings on Pulse Wave Velocity of Young Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Szolnoky Győző , Gavallér Henriette , Gönczy Anna , Bihari Imre , Kemény Lajos , Forster Tamás , Nemes Attila
Published: June 2018

Szolnoky, G, Gavallér, H, Gönczy, A, Bihari, I, Kemény, L, Forster, T, and Nemes, A. The effects of below-knee medical compression stockings on pulse wave velocity of young healthy volunteers. J Strength Cond Res 35(1): 275–279, 2021—The effects of graduated medical compression stockings (MCS) on cardiovascular responses are poorly investigated. A simple study was undertaken to investigate whether the application of below-knee leg MCSs with different pressures could influence aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) as the gold standard for aortic stiffness measurement evaluated by arteriography. Ten volunteers underwent PWV measurement at baseline, then in below-knee compression class (ccl) 1 (18–21 mm Hg), 2 (23–32 mm Hg) and 3 (34–46 mm Hg) MCSs in a consecutive manner. Baseline PWV (mean value: 7.86 ± 1.70 m·s−1) was significantly reduced by ccl 1 MCSs (mean value: 6.55 ± 0.88 m·s−1, p = 0.04). ccl 2 and ccl 3 stockings also notably decreased baseline PWV (mean values: 6.63 ± 0.65 m·s−1, p = 0.058 and 6.62 ± 1.00 m·s−1, p = 0.067; respectively). The application of low compression MCSs (ccl 1) leads to a significant decrease in PWV indicating a beneficial cardiovascular influence.
Physiological Responses of a Jaw-Repositioning Custom-Made Mouthguard on Airway and Their Effects on Athletic Performance
Authors: Schultz Martins Ricardo , Girouard Patrick , Elliott Evan , Mekary Said
Published: June 2018

Martins, RS, Girouard, P, Elliott, E, and Mekary, S. Physiological responses of a jaw repositioning custom-made mouthguard on airway and their effects on athletic performance. J Strength Cond Res 34(2): 422–429, 2020—Advanced dental techniques such as jaw-repositioning have shown to increase lower body muscular power such as vertical jump, but its effects on acceleration and speed have not been studied. Similarly, jaw repositioning is commonly used to increase airways volume and ventilation in a special population (i.e., obstructive sleep apnea); however, its ergogenic effects on aerobic performance have yet not been studied. The purpose of the cross-over study was to investigate the effects of a jaw-repositioning custom-made mouthguard (JCM) on volumetric changes in airway and jaw position and determine the effects this may have on aerobic and anaerobic performance. Results indicated that jaw-repositioning custom-made mouthguard may have an ergogenic effect on performance. The JCM condition showed an increase of 13% in upper airway volume (p = 0.04), 10% in upper airway width (p = 0.004), 7% in ventilation (p = 0.006), 5% in maximal aerobic power (p = 0.003), 4% in time to exhaustion (p = 0.03), 3% in vertical jump (p = 0.03), 2% in broad jump (p = 0.009), and a decrease of 4% in 20-m (p = 0.04) and 2% in 40-m (p = 0.001) sprint times. This is the first study to demonstrate a significant link between jaw repositioning, airway volumetric change, and performance enhancement in both aerobic and anaerobic performances. The results of this study may lead to a change in culture for the use of mouthguards in different sports applications, from high orofacial injury risk sports to other sports, specifically for ergogenic enhancement.
Using Sprint Velocity Decrement to Enhance Acute Sprint Performance
Authors: Cochrane Darryl J. , Monaghan Daniel
Published: June 2018

Cochrane, DJ and Monaghan, D. Using sprint velocity decrement to enhance acute sprint performance. J Strength Cond Res 35(2): 442–448, 2021—Acute sled towing has the capability to elicit a potentiation. Currently, sled loading is determined from body mass (BM) percent. However, it may be more relevant to use a percentage of maximal sprint reduction to determine an individual's load. The purpose of this study was to determine if individualizing sled loads at 35 and 55% reduction in velocity would improve 20-m sprint performance. In addition, electromyography (EMG) was assessed to determine if any sprint-related improvements in velocity were due to changes in neural excitation. Twelve senior club male rugby union players performed familiarization and 2 sled towing sessions using a randomized, cross-over, and counterbalanced design. Testing sessions involved: baseline unresisted 20-m sprints, resisted sprint (35 and 55% reduction in velocity), and unresisted 20-m sprints at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 16 minutes. The sled load to reduce maximal velocity by 35% significantly improved 20-m velocity (p <0.05, effect size [ES] = 0.21) compared with the heavier sled load (55% reduction in maximum velocity). A significant decline in sprint velocity occurred at 12 minutes (p < 0.01, ES = −0.61) and 16 minutes (p < 0.01, ES = −0.45) compared with baseline velocity. Other time intervals reported trivial small nonsignificant changes in sprint velocity (p >0.05). There was no significant change in EMG. Reducing sprint velocity provides an alternate method to determining sprint loading. Nonetheless, a greater range of reduced sprint velocity is required to assess if it is more effective than using BM percent procedure.
Comparison of Multifrequency Bioelectrical Impedance vs. Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry for Assessing Body Composition Changes After Participation in a 10-Week Resistance Training Program
Authors: Schoenfeld Brad J. , Nickerson Brett S. , Wilborn Colin D. , Urbina Stacie L. , Hayward Sara B. , Krieger James , Aragon Alan A. , Tinsley Grant M.
Published: June 2018

Schoenfeld, BJ, Nickerson, BS, Wilborn, CD, Urbina, SL, Hayward, SB, Krieger, J, Aragon, AA, and Tinsley, G. Comparison of multifrequency bioelectrical impedance vs. dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry for assessing body composition changes after participation in a 10-week resistance training program.J Strength Cond Res34(3): 678–688, 2020—The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MF-BIA) to determine alterations in total and segmental body composition across a 10-week resistance training (RT) program in comparison with the criterion reference dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Twenty-one young male volunteers (mean ±SD; age = 22.9 ± 3.0 years; height = 175.5 ± 5.9 cm; body mass = 82.9 ± 13.6 kg; body mass index = 26.9 ± 3.6) performed an RT program that included exercises for all major muscle groups. Body composition was assessed using both methods before and after the intervention; change scores were determined by subtracting pre-test values from post-test values for percent body fat (∆%BF), fat mass (∆FM), and fat-free mass (∆FFM). Mean changes were not significantly different when comparing MF-BIA with DXA for ∆%BF (−1.05 vs. −1.28%), ∆FM (−1.13 vs. −1.19 kg), and FFM (0.10 vs. 0.37 kg, respectively). Both methods showed strong agreement for ∆%BF (r= 0.75; standard error of the estimate [SEE] = 1.15%), ∆FM (r= 0.84; SEE 1.0 kg), and ∆FFM (r= 0.71; SEE of 1.5 kg). The 2 methods were poor predictors of each other in regards to changes in segmental measurements. Our data indicate that MF-BIA is an acceptable alternative for tracking changes in FM and FFM during a combined diet and exercise program in young, athletic men, but segmental lean mass measurements must be interpreted with circumspection.
Hormonal Contraceptive Use Does Not Affect Strength, Endurance, or Body Composition Adaptations to Combined Strength and Endurance Training in Women
Authors: Myllyaho Moona M. , Ihalainen Johanna K. , Hackney Anthony C. , Valtonen Maarit , Nummela Ari , Vaara Elina , Häkkinen Keijo , Kyröläinen Heikki , Taipale Ritva S.
Published: June 2018

Myllyaho, MM, Ihalainen, JK, Hackney, AC, Valtonen, M, Nummela, A, Vaara, E, Häkkinen, K, Kyröläinen, H, and Taipale, RS. Hormonal contraceptive use does not affect strength, endurance, or body composition adaptations to combined strength and endurance training in women. J Strength Cond Res 35(2): 449–457, 2021—This study examined the effects of a 10-week period of high-intensity combined strength and endurance training on strength, endurance, body composition, and serum hormone concentrations in physically active women using hormonal contraceptives (HCs, n = 9) compared with those who had never used hormonal contraceptives (NHCs, n = 9). Training consisted of 2 strength training sessions and 2 high-intensity running interval sessions per week. Maximal bilateral isometric leg press (Isom), maximal bilateral dynamic leg press (one repetition maximum [1RM]), countermovement jump (CMJ), a 3,000-m running test (3,000 m), body composition, and serum hormone levels were measured before and after training between days 1–5 of each subject's menstrual cycle. Both groups increased 1RM and CMJ: HC = 13.2% (p < 0.001) and 9.6% (p < 0.05), and NHC = 8.3% (p < 0.01) and 8.5% (p < 0.001). Hormonal contraceptive improved 3,000 m by 3.5% (p < 0.05) and NHC by 1% (n.s.). Never used hormonal contraceptive increased lean mass by 2.1% (p < 0.001), whereas body fat percentage decreased from 23.9 ± 6.7 to 22.4 ± 6.0 (−6.0%, p < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in body composition in HC. No significant between-group differences were observed in any of the performance variables. Luteinizing hormone concentrations decreased significantly (p < 0.05) over 10 weeks in NHC, whereas other hormone levels remained statistically unaltered in both groups. It seems that the present training is equally appropriate for improving strength, endurance, and body composition in women using HC as those not using HC without disrupting hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis function.
Jovens como esperança na transformação: a campanha Juventude Participa! em Campina Grande (PB 2009-2011)
Authors: Costa Junior José Dos Santos , Barrero Junior Roger Camacho
Published: June 2018

O texto analisa a campanha Juventude Participa! realizada pelo Centro de Ação Cultural (CENTRAC) na cidade de Campina Grande, na Paraíba, por meio de um corpus documental composto por imagens, relatórios institucionais e boletins informativos. Busca-se analisar o discurso sobre a participação política de jovens, descrevendo os significados atribuídos para conceitos como juventude, participação e cidadania, considerando as condições históricas que tornaram possível esse projeto, articulado a uma série de discursos sobre políticas públicas de juventude. Consideramos questões como a pluralidade (étnica, de gênero, posição socioeconômica, nível de instrução, etc.) dessas pessoas; participação dos jovens em outros espaços após ou durante a realização do projeto e a apropriação, em nível local, das discussões apontadas pela Política Nacional de Juventude (PNJ). Palavras-chave: Juventude; Cidadania; História do Tempo Presente.
Microsporum gypseum COMO AGENTE ETIOLÓGICO DE DERMATOFITOSE EM FELINO (Felis catus)
Authors: Dias Tábata Pereira , Waller Stefanie Bressan , Silva Anna Luiza , Gomes Angelita Dos Reis , Serra Emanoele Figueiredo , Martins Otávia De Almeida , Faria Renata De Osório , Meireles Mário Carlos Araújo
Published: June 2018

A dermatofitose é uma micose frequente na clínica de pequenos animais, causada por um grupo de fungos queratinofílicos, sendo as espécies Microsporum canis, M. gypseum e Trichophyton mentagrophytes as mais comumente relacionadas às micoses em animais de companhia. Uma gata sem raça definida, com 2 meses de idade, foi encaminhada para exame clínico com queixa principal de múltiplas lesões cutâneas alopécicas, eritematosas e pruriginosas, com cerca de 1 cm de diâmetro, circular, e presença de pouca secreção purulenta. No exame micológico foi observado crescimento de colônias esbranquiçadas com aspecto pulverulento, acastanhado e reverso de coloração canela. No exame direto das colônias foram vistas hifas septadas e hialinas com macroconídios hialinos de paredes finas, elipsoides, equinulados, contendo de quatro a seis septos, compatível com M. gypseum. Por ser uma zoonose causada por um fungo geofílico, a diminuição da concentração de propágulos fúngicos no ambiente, através da desinfecção, torna-se difícil, possibilitando a infecção ou reinfecção de animais e humanos, por esse motivo ressaltam-se os cuidados com a desinfecção ambiental.
CÁLCIO E FÓSFORO NA NUTRIÇÃO DE CODORNAS JAPONESAS EM POSTURA
Authors: Souza Christiane Silva , Barreto Sérgio Luiz de Toledo , Vieites Flávio Medeiros , Calderano Arele Arlindo , Moraes George Henrique Kling de , Oliveira Maria Goreti de Almeida
Published: June 2018

A nutrição desempenha importante papel na obtenção de bons índices produtivos e de tecido ósseo de qualidade nas aves. Inúmeros nutrientes da dieta influenciam diretamente o crescimento, a manutenção óssea e a qualidade de ovos, destacando-se o cálcio (Ca) e o fósforo (P). O esqueleto consiste no reservatório de Ca e P do organismo e nas poedeiras essa função é particularmente importante, uma vez que a casca do ovo contém aproximadamente 10% do Ca corporal total da ave. Assim, há alta demanda de Ca para manter a homeostase sanguínea, concomitantemente à formação da casca. Mecanismos fisiológicos controlam a integridade do esqueleto em resposta às diferentes necessidades da vida produtiva da ave de postura. Na presente revisão foram apresentadas informações técnicas e fisiológicas acerca do Ca e do P para codornas japonesas em postura. Foram verificadas diferenças nas recomendações nutricionais de Ca e P disponível (Pdisp) para codornas japonesas, decorrentes dos seguintes fatores: fonte e disponibilidade biológica dos minerais, idade das aves, capacidade absortiva e nível de energia das dietas.
Line and Lineage
Authors: Clinton Daniel
Published: June 2018

Daniel Clinton, “Line and Lineage: Visual Form in Herman Melville’s Pierre and Timoleon” (pp. 1–29)

This essay examines Herman Melville’s reflections on form, line, and perspective in his novel Pierre (1852) and his poems on art and architecture in Timoleon (1891), a late book of verse partly inspired by his tour of the Mediterranean during 1856–57. I argue that Melville arrives at his understanding of literary form through the language of optical perspective, particularly the terms of “foreshortening” and “outline.” I compare Melville’s figurative conception of outline with the artistic theories and practices of William Blake, George Cumberland, John Ruskin, and the artist John Flaxman, whose illustrations of Homer and Dante feature prominently in Pierre. Widely circulated as engravings by Tommaso Piroli and others, Flaxman’s clean-lined drawings fascinate Melville because they emphasize implied narrative rather than optical verisimilitude. Melville responds to a romantic discourse that positions “outline” on the conceptual boundary between sense-perception and free-floating thought, as a mediating term between competing notions of art’s truth. In both his fiction and poetry, Melville’s reflection on the materiality of pictures doubles as a reflection on the materiality of thought. The formal features of visual art suggest the workings of the mind as it flattens unconscious possibilities and disparate truths into a manageable picture of the world.
The Radiant Tableaux of Daniel Deronda
Authors: Kravetz Rachel
Published: June 2018

Rachel Kravetz, “The Radiant Tableaux of Daniel Deronda” (pp. 68–93)

This essay argues that the ekphrastic images in Daniel Deronda (1876) mark a shift in George Eliot’s thought away from a historical to a prophetic national mode. Taking as a point of departure the critical commonplace that Eliot’s novel has two largely separate spheres, a degenerate English world and a visionary Jewish realm, I show that each has a painterly model. The grounds of stately English homes represent a false Arcadia in passages that allude to the genre of landscape known as “ideal.” While the glowing river landscapes that frame Jewish characters conjure the extrasensory, they have a material correlative in the paintings of J.M.W. Turner. In my reading, these vivid scenes comprise a response to the vexed status of the nation that issues from philosophical empiricism. The nation is too large a body to be perceived directly or depicted fully in fiction. Eliot’s sunset landscapes form a locus for propositions about how the mind may reach beyond experience. With images of arched bridges, she transmutes an empiricist metaphor for the mental process of prediction through inference into a symbol for prophecy. The gold skies light up the distance, directing the reader to conceive a national ideal Eliot cannot locate or provide: ultimately, both empiricism and idealism prove insufficient to her fictional project, nonetheless brilliant, of national reanimation.
Screening for diabetic nephropathy: take your blinkers off
Authors: Eid Ahmed , Yusuff Shafiq , Kong Marie-France
Published: June 2018

Proteinuria is one of several markers of kidney damage in diabetes. The excretion of specific types of protein, such as albumin or low molecular weight globulins, depends on the type of kidney disease that is present.1 One of the earliest changes in diabetes is an increase in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), or hyperfiltration, which is observed in patients with type 1 as well as many with type 2 diabetes and is accompanied by an increase in renal size.2 The next observable change is the development of albuminuria, and current UK guidance recommends annual screening with the albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) to identify early kidney disease in patients with diabetes.3 Patients with diabetes with persistent microalbuminuria are at greatly increased risk for development of proteinuria (albuminuria >300 mg/day). However, it is important to exclude other causes of proteinuria in patients with diabetes, especially if there is no associated retinopathy. We report a case of an 81-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus who presented with lower back pain and proteinuria but who had had normal/minimal microalbuminuria on his annual screening. He was diagnosed with multiple myeloma. The case highlights the importance of proteinuria in diagnosing multiple myeloma and the distinction between proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy and in multiple myeloma.
SOCIETY FOR ENDOCRINOLOGY CLINICAL GUIDANCE: Inpatient management of cranial diabetes insipidus
Authors: Baldeweg S E , Ball S , Brooke A , Gleeson H K , Levy M J , Prentice M , Wass J , _ _
Published: June 2018

Cranial diabetes insipidus (CDI) is a treatable chronic condition that can potentially develop into a life-threatening medical emergency. CDI is due to the relative or absolute lack of the posterior pituitary hormone vasopressin (AVP), also known as anti-diuretic hormone. AVP deficiency results in uncontrolled diuresis. Complete deficiency can lead to polyuria exceeding 10 L/24 h. Given a functioning thirst mechanism and free access to water, patients with CDI can normally maintain adequate fluid balance through increased drinking. Desmopressin (DDAVP, a synthetic AVP analogue) reduces uncontrolled water excretion in CDI and is commonly used in treatment. Critically, loss of thirst perception (through primary pathology or reduced consciousness) or limited access to water (through non-availability, disability or inter-current illness) in a patient with CDI can lead to life-threatening dehydration. This position can be further exacerbated through the omission of DDAVP. Recent data have highlighted serious adverse events (including deaths) in patients with CDI. These adverse outcomes and deaths have occurred through a combination of lack of knowledge and treatment failures by health professionals. Here, with our guideline, we recommend treatment pathways for patients with known CDI admitted to hospital. Following these guidelines is essential for the safe management of patients with CDI.
Морфологія, гісто- та цитоморфометрія печінки жуйних
Authors: Demus N.V.
Published: June 2018

У роботі з’ясовано макро-, мікроскопічну будову та особливості морфометричних показників печінки великої рогатої худоби (ВРХ) та овець на органному, тканинному та клітинному рівнях структурної організації  із застосуванням анатомічних, гістологічних та морфометричних методів. Проведені дослідження свідчать, що морфологічна будова  печінки у досліджуваних тварин має подібну структурну організацію, але відрізняється певними органо-, гісто- та цитоморфометричними показниками. На основі результатів органометрії встановлено, що абсолютна маса печінки у жуйних мінлива і в певній мірі залежить від кровонаповнення органа та виду тварин. Так у великої рогатої худоби  абсолютна маса печінки становить 4,07 ± 0,084 кг, відносна – 1,12 ± 0,012%, у овець відповідно 0,65 ± 0,0065 кг та 1,21 ± 0,014%. Гістоархітектоніка печінки ВРХ та овець побудована із сполучнотканинної строми і паренхіми. Строма органа сформована капсулою, поверх якої знаходиться серозна оболонка. У ділянці воріт  печінки сполучна тканина капсули проникає всередину органа, розгалужується і ділить орган на часточки, які мають різі розміри та полігональну форму. З’ясовано, що у мікроскопічній будові печінки дослідних тварин – великої рогатої худоби та овець, межі між печінковими часточками, не зовсім чіткі у звʼязку з слабким розвитком між часточками сполучної тканини. За мікроскопічної будови печінкова часточка у жуйних сформована щільною сіткою епітеліальних пластинок, які мають радіальний напрямок та інколи анастомозують між собою. Кожна пластинка представлена двома рядами гепатоцитів, між якими містяться чітко виражені синусоїдні гемокапіляри. Між рядами гепатоцитів, що формують пластинки виявляються досить витончені (розміром до 1-го мкм) жовчні капіляри, стінками яких є оболонка гепатоцитів, що з’єднані між собою щільними контактами. Згідно з гістоморфометричними дослідженнями середня площа часточки печінки у великої рогатої худоби становить 0,7852 ± 0,041 мм², у овець такий показник є у 1,28 рази меншим і дорівнює відповідно 0,6143 ± 0,066 мм². Кількість часточок на одиницю площі (14 мм²), навпаки, є більшою у овець – 17,8 ± 2,88 одиниць і, достовірно (Р ˂ 0,01) майже у 1,4 раза меншим (12,4 ± 1,99 од.) у ВРХ. Гепатоцити печінки дослідних тварин мають неправильну багатогранну форму з чіткими контурами цитоплазми. Вони щільно прилягають один до одного і містять округлі, центрально чи ексцентрично розміщені та інтенсивно забарвлені ядра різного діаметра. Гепатоцити за обʼємом цитоплазми та ядер характеризуються різними розмірами (малі, середні, великі), а відповідно і різним ядерно-цитоплазматичним відношенням (ЯЦВ): найвищий індекс ЯЦВ властивий для малих клітин, найнижчий – для великих. При цьому цитопопуляція часточок печінки овець, порівняно з такою у ВРХ, характеризується більшою кількістю малих гепатоцитів, на що вказує зростання середнього показника індексу ЯЦВ з 0,1020 ± 0,0065 у ВРХ до 0,1201 ± 0,0573 у овець.