bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of MgO•Sb2O5 on Fire Resistance and Physical and Mechanical Properties of Cable PVC-Plasticate
Authors: Borukaev Timur A. , Kitieva Luiza I. , Shaov Abubekir Kh. , Kyarov A.A.
Published: September 2021

Based on magnesium carbonate and antimony oxide (V), MgO•Sb2O5 was obtained. In the formulation of fire-resistant cable PVC-plasticate, antimony (III) oxide was replaced by MgO•Sb2O5 and the fire resistance and physical and mechanical properties of the resulting compound were investigated. It is shown that the replacement of antimony (III) oxide in the composition of PVC cable compound MgO•Sb2O5 leads to the production of a compound that is not inferior in its characteristics to the original plastic compound. In particular, the fire resistance of cable PVC-plasticate, standard industrial formulation and with the obtained MgO•Sb2O5, is practically the same (OI=32%). It has been established that the physical and mechanical characteristics of the cable compound, when replacing antimony oxide (III) with MgO•Sb2O5 in the formulation, remain at the level of the original compound, while MgO×Sb2O5 will have a less negative impact on the environment.
Possibilities of Improving the Rheological and Physical-Mechanical Properties of Polyetheretherketone Using Organophosphorus Stabilizers
Authors: Khakyasheva Elina V. , Shetov Ruslan A. , Khashirova Svetlana Yu.
Published: September 2021

The influence of various concentrations of the selected phosphorus-containing stabilizers on the properties of stabilized and unstabilized polyetheretherketone has been investigated by the methods of spectroscopic, thermal and physical-mechanical analysis. The most effective stabilizer was determined, the positive effect of certain concentrations of phosphorus-containing stabilizers on the thermal stability of polyetheretherketone was revealed.
Barofractionation as an Innovative Method to Obtain Pectic Polysaccharides
Authors: Slobodova Dara , Gorshkova Raisa , Pankov Stanislav
Published: September 2021

An innovative method has been developed and an installation has been created for obtaining pectin polysaccharides in a dynamic mode under the influence of high pressure. The process of degradation of protopectin at various pH values pH of the hydrolyzing agent was studied using the example of sunflower baskets. It has been established that the use of the new method makes it possible to obtain high-quality target products with a high yield in gentle conditions. The possibility of combining the stages of hydrolysis-extraction and fractionation has been demonstrated, which makes it possible to control the process of obtaining pectic polysaccharides in the direction of obtaining substances with specified physicochemical parameters.
Study of the Nature of the Influence of some Oligophosphonates on the Rheological Properties of High-Density Polyethylene
Authors: Shaov Abubekir Kh. , Beslaneeva Asya N. , Shustov Gennady B. , Altueva Albina M.
Published: September 2021

High molecular weight compounds with organophosphorus backbones are usually obtained by polycondensation of phosphorus-containing monomers, leading, most often, to products of low molecular weight at low yields. This fact is explained [1] by several reasons: a decrease in the reactivity of the second functional group of the monomer after the first one has reacted; the possibility of the formation of cyclic compounds; hydrolytic instability of the phosphorus-heteroatom bond (usually P-O, P-N), etc.
Comparison of SEM-Assisted Nanoporometric and Microporometric Morphometric Techniques Applied for the Ultramicroporous Polymer Films
Authors: Maklakova Irina A. , Gradov Oleg V. , Gradova Margaret A. , Aleksandrov Pavel L.
Published: September 2021

One of the most important applications of polymeric porous nanomaterials is the design of nanoporous structures for operation in patch-clamp systems allowing to establish a gigaohm contact, as well as for the measurements of biomolecules, informational macromolecules, including DNA, translocating through the nanopore arrays. Development of nanopore sequencing techniques leads to fundamentally new big data arrays, but their representativeness and validity, as well as the validity of counting of biomacromolecular particles based on ultramicropore arrays, strongly depends both on the pore size (in engineering lithography unimodal pore size distribution is optimal) and the accuracy of the size distribution measurements using instrumental methods. However, the former is unattainable when using soft matter or stretchable, plastic and elastic polymer materials and films, while the latter depends on the metrological parameters of the instrumental and algorithmic porosimetry techniques. Therefore in this paper the question about the applicability of polymer materials with pore arrays for the studies of biomacromolecules and bionanostructures is proposed to be answered using a comparative analysis of two different porosimetry approaches with the resolution not lower than electron microscopic one.
Study of Relaxation Processes in Biopolymers Using the Example of Rosin
Authors: Lomovskoy Viktor A. , Shorshina Anna S. , Platonova Olga D.
Published: September 2021

Rosin, or colophony, and composite materials, which consist of components based on rosin and rosin products, are extensively used in various industries, in particular, as one of the main components of the composite materials for road marking. At the same time, little research has been done to study of the physicomechanical and associated physicochemical characteristics of these materials, the influence on these characteristics of the internal bounding surface of the components in wide temperature ranges and in the dynamic mode of external deforming effects.
Local Dissipative Processes in the Epoxy Component
Authors: Lomovskoy Viktor A. , Shorshina Anna S. , Simonov-Emelyanov Igor D. , Razzhivina Anastasia A.
Published: September 2021

It is known that epoxy resins (ES) and materials based on them are widely used in various areas of natural economy due to their valuable properties: low shrinkage during curing, high adhesion to various materials, chemical resistance, good physical and mechanical properties, and excellent dielectric properties [1].
Physical and Chemical Fundamentals of Building the Structure of Dispersed Filled Polymer Composite Materials and Nanocomposites
Authors: Simonov-Emelyanov Igor D. , Kharlamova Ksenia I.
Published: September 2021

Questions of the construction of dispersed structures of polymer composite materials using a generalized model of dispersed filled polymer composite materials (DFPCM) are studied. Using the parameter of maximum proportion of filler (φm) allows you to take into account the size, shape, and distribution of part of the dispersed filler at the same time. The transition to generalized and specified parameters when describing the structure of the DFPCM leads to the possibility of highlighting the optimal criteria for obtaining systems with the highest strength characteristics. The transition to generalized and reduced parameters when describing the structure of DFPCM leads to the possibility of selecting optimal criteria that ensure obtaining systems with the necessary level of rheological, electrochemical, physico-mechanical and other characteristics.
Some Features of Cycloalkylation Reactions of Phenol with 1-Methylcyclopentene
Authors: Gasimova Fatma I. , Aghamali̇yev Zaur Z. , Gasanova Gulshan J. , Rasulov Chingiz K.
Published: September 2021

The present study deals with the investigation of catalytic cycloalkylation reactions of phenol with 1-methylcyclopentene. KU-23 and aluminum phenolate were used as catalysts for the process. The effect of kinetic parameters (temperature, duration, molar ratios of the initial components and the amount of catalyst) on the yield and selectivity of methylcyclopentyl phenols obtained as a result of scientific research was investigated. As a result, effective conditions were found for the production of para- and ortho-, ortho- (1-methylcyclopentyl) phenols with high yield and selectivity. It was determined that high yield of target product in the presence of phenol, 1-methylcyclopentene and catalyst KU-23, was 71.2% for phenol and selectivity for target product - 92.8% is obtained under the following conditions of cycloalkylation reaction: temperature 110°C, reaction time-5 hours, molar ratio phenol to methylcyclopentene-1 : 1, the amount of catalyst-10% according to the phenol taken. The cycloalkylation reaction of phenol with 1-methylcyclopentene in the presence of aluminum phenolate catalyst was carried out in an autoclave in a nitrogen environment and effective conditions were found: temperature 260°C, reaction time - 5 hours, molar ratio of phenol to 1-methylcyclopentene 1: 2, amount of catalyst 20% according to the phenol taken. Under these conditions, the yield of the target product is 44.3% for the phenol taken, and the selectivity is 87.6% for the target product. The chemical structures of the synthesized para- and ortho-, ortho- (1-methylcyclopentyl) phenols were confirmed by IR-, 1H and NMR spectroscopy, and physicochemical parameters were determined.
Evaluation of the Effect of Sizing Compositions on the Properties of Hydrated Cellulose Technical Yarn
Authors: Zubova Natalya , Gerasimova Victoria , Ustinova Tatyana
Published: September 2021

The influence of sizing compositions on the reinforcing properties of hydrated cellulose technical yarns has been investigated. The optimal mode of modification of hydrated cellulose yarns has been determined. The evaluation of the structural properties of the modified yarns has been carried out. The kinetic features of the modified yarns wetting by an epoxy oligomer have been studied.
Thermal Stability of Polyurethane Coating Prepared by Using Diphenylolpropane
Authors: Bakirova Indira N. , Mitrofanova Svetlana E.
Published: September 2021

Thermal stability on air of polyurethane varnish coating prepared from diphenylolpropane, polyetherpolyol and polyisocyanate was assessed. The presence of urethane groups, formed by phenolic hydroxyl of diphenylolpropane, in the polymer structure was shown to decrease its thermooxidative degradation onset temperature. At the same time, deceleration of thermooxidative processes due to stabilizing effect of diphenylolpropane released at the beginning of thermal decay of polyurethane is observed in the higher temperature region.
Fungal Resistance of Polymeric Composite Materials Based on Polypropylene and Natural Rubber
Authors: Yanov Vladislav V. , Yusupov Rishat R. , Zenitova Lyubov A.
Published: September 2021

Research has been carried out to assess the impact of mold fungi on polymer composite materials based on polypropylene produced by Omsk Polypropylene Plant LLC and unrefined natural rubber produced in Vietnam, grade RSS-1. The amount of natural rubber varied up to 15% of the mass. The fungal resistance of the compositions to the following types of fungi was assessed: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus flavus, Chaetomium globosum, Paecilomyces variotii, Penicillium funiculosum, Penicillium chrysogenum, Trichoderma viredens. The decrease in the weight of the samples after incubation depends on the content of natural rubber in the composition. With the content of natural rubber in the composition in an amount of 1%, the average weight loss is 0.4% by weight, and when the content of natural rubber is 15% by weight. already ~ 2% of the mass. Starting with the addition of natural rubber in an amount of 1% by weight, the growth of fungi occurs, and the degree of their development is characterized by points 3-5. The resulting compositions are biodegradable, susceptible to the action of fungi, and, therefore, the manufacture of materials based on them will be an environmentally friendly alternative for further use.
Modified Starch Highly Porous Materials
Authors: Kachalova Ekaterina A. , Lednev Ivan R. , Kovylin R.S. , Smirnova L.A.
Published: September 2021

A technique for starch modification by graft polymerization of acrylamide has been developed. The obtained copolymer is soluble in a wide range of pH 2 - 12. The modification of starch made it possible to freely combine it with aqueous acid solutions of chitosan, in order to achieve a synergistic effect of their properties. A porous material based on modified starch and its mixtures with chitosan, which has high sorption characteristics, has been developed. The resulting material is promising as a sorbent of heavy metal ions and packing materials for transportation and storage.
Research of the Influence of the Polymer Composition Structure on the Film Material Properties for Special Clothes Production
Authors: Meteleva Olga V. , Bondarenko Ludmila I. , Komarova Tatyana
Published: September 2021

The paper presents the influence research results of the structure of the original polymer composition on the resulting films physical and mechanical properties. Films are intended for gluing of protective clothing thread connections. It is shown that the change of the composition viscosity in the studied interval does not have a significant effect on the finished material performance properties.
Adjuvant ketorolac to peribulbar anesthesia in cataract surgery
Authors: Howaidy Ahmed , Eldaly Zeiad H. , Arafa Mohamed , Othman Tag El Din
Published: September 2021

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding ketorolac to peribulbar anesthesia versus conventional peribulbar anesthesia in cataract surgery.

Patients and methods

This is a prospective randomized comparative study that recruited patients with visually significant cataract and no other ocular or systemic conditions that may influence the ocular sensation. Patients were scheduled for phacoemulsification. They were randomly assigned into three groups. In the first group (GI), an anesthetic mixture of lignocaine, bupivacaine, hyaluronidase, and ketorolac was utilized. In the second group (GII), a mixture of lignocaine, bupivacaine, and hyaluronidase was used, whereas in the third group (GIII), a mixture of lignocaine, bupivacaine, and ketorolac was used. The onset of globe anesthesia and akinesia and the duration of globe akinesia were recorded. In addition, intraoperative pain and postoperative pain experienced by the participants were assessed using the numerical rating scale after patient instructions.

Results

The study included 114 patients. The onset of globe anesthesia was significantly faster in GI (6.5±1.3 min) compared with GII and GIII (8.1±1.5 and 8.8±1.9 min, respectively, P<0.0001). A significantly faster onset of globe akinesia was recorded in GI (9.5±1.4 min) and GII (9.6±1.4 min) compared with GIII (11.2±1.8 min) (P<0.0001). Concerning globe akinesia, there was no significant difference among the study groups (P=0.191). In addition, no significant difference was reported among the study groups regarding pain scores throughout the procedure.

Conclusion

Ketorolac was an effective adjuvant to peribulbar block. It effectively shortened the onset of globe anesthesia, with no significant effect on globe akinesia.
Combined dynamic corneal biomechanics and corneal tomographic assessment in the diagnosis of keratoconus, subclinical keratoconus and forme fruste keratoconus among Egyptian patients
Authors: Naguib Saleh A. , Barada Omar A. , El-Mayah Esraa , Elmekawey Hany E.
Published: September 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to detect single or multiple best-performing parameters of corneal tomography and dynamic corneal biomechanics with high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of keratoconus, subclinical keratoconus (SCKC), and forme fruste keratoconus (FFKC).

Design

This was a prospective observational study.

Patients and methods

In this study, one eye of each of 40 participants was included. They were divided into four groups: keratoconus, SCKC, FFKC, and a normal control group, with 10 participants in each group. All participants underwent a full ophthalmologic examination, analysis of corneal tomography using Pentacam HR and analysis of corneal biomechanical response using the Corvis ST at the initial visit and after 3 months.

Results

For the diagnosis of keratoconus, the 100% sensitive and specific parameters were Belin/Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia Display (BAD d), Ambrósio's relational thickness maximum (ARTmax), and tomographic biomechanical index (TBI) with cutoff values of 1.905, 344, and 0.785, respectively. For detection of SCKC, the 100% sensitive parameters were maximum keratometry and thickness profile index with cutoff values of 44.7 and 0.945, respectively. After 3 months of follow-up, maximum keratometry, index of surface variance, deflection amplitude, and deflection area showed 100% sensitivity with specificities of 90, 80, 70, and 60%, respectively. The highest percentage of change over time was for the index of highest decentration by 200%, followed by TBI by 133%. For FFKC, the deformation amplitude and corneal velocity 1 showed sensitivity of 90 and 80%, respectively, and specificity of 83 and 90%, respectively. After follow-up BAD d, deformation amplitude, deformation amplitude ratio, and TBI showed 100% sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusion

This study illustrated the efficacy of Corvis parameters for the diagnosis of keratoconus, but with lower discriminative ability than corneal tomography. It could also be used as a supplementary tool for the diagnosis and follow-up of SCKC and FFKC patients.
Price Dispersion of Vitamin D Supplements Over Time
Authors: Chugh Preeta K. , Dabas Aashima
Published: September 2021

Objectives:

High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency mandates prescribing an appropriate form of vitamin D that allows attainment of sufficiency in a cost-effective manner. We aimed to compare vitamin D products in Indian market in terms of composition and cost in 2020 with 2013 to understand price dispersion over 7 years.

Methods:

Constituents, formulations, and prices of ‘branded’ and generic vitamin D products were sourced from various drug information compendia and online sources. Price per defined daily dose (DDD), percentage cost variation, and change in prices over 7 years (2020 vs. 2013) was determined.

Results:

There has been a disproportionate increase in the number of brands and cost variation of cholecalciferol and calcitriol in the last 7 years. The percentage cost variation increased almost 10 times for calcitriol and 4.4 times for alfacalcidiol tablets and cholecalciferol granules. An analysis of >1,100 products in 2020 showed that the predominant form was calcitriol which was combined with calcium in >90% of the products with huge cost variation (>3000%). Ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol were available in 22 and 15 different strengths respectively. Median price/unit of cholecalciferol (60,000IU) was lower for tablets/capsules compared to other formulations; but with >1000% cost variation.

Conclusion:

A wide cost variation exists with the use of different vitamin D brands and preparations with conventional cholecalciferol tablets and capsules being a low-priced alternative. Quality control measures and strict enforcements of existing regulations are essential to ensure that competitive prices of branded generics are translated into availability and affordability for the population.
Comparison of Nutritional Status of Under-Five Indian Children (NFHS 4 Data) Using WHO 2006 Charts and 2019 Indian Synthetic Charts
Authors: Khadilkar Vaman , Ekbote Veena , Gondhalekar Ketan , Khadilkar Anuradha
Published: September 2021

Introduction:

There is a growing body of evidence against using World Health Organization (WHO) charts for developing nations. Our objectives were: 1) To compare nutritional status of <5-year-old Indian children using WHO charts and synthetic Indian charts (SC) 2019. 2) To study nutritional status across wealth index categories. 3) To study nutritional status of predominantly breast-fed infants <6 months of age using both charts.

Materials and Methods:

Data from 4th National Family Health Survey (n ~ 236117, 0--59-month-old children) were used for assessing nutritional status using the WHO charts and SC. Z?scores were calculated for length/height, weight, and weight-for-height(WAZ) using both charts. Children were classified into degrees of malnutrition using appropriate cutoffs. -59-month-old children) were used for assessing nutritional status using the WHO charts and SC. Z-scores were calculated for length/height, weight, and weight-for-height (WAZ) using both charts. Children were classified into degrees of malnutrition using appropriate cutoffs.

Results:

Stunting, wasting, and underweight were significantly higher using WHO charts. The prevalence of stunting (height for age) and wasting (WHZ) changed from high to medium and critical to poor when the reference changed from WHO to SC. All Z-scores showed an improving trend with increasing wealth index. On SC, almost all WHZ (wasting) from the richest to poorer were >-0.5 (clinically significant), whereas on WHO charts all wealth classes had WHZ <-0.5. For children under the age of 6 months, WHZ from richest to poorest was between -0.97 and -0.89 by WHO and 0.27 and 0.38 by SC.

Conclusions:

Use of Indian synthetic growth charts for growth monitoring of under-five children may be more appropriate; infants under 6 months and children from well off families performed well on these charts.
Acute Neuroendocrine Profile in Predicting Outcomes in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Vishwa Kumar K S , Mudumba Vijaya Saradhi , Alugolu Rajesh , Anne Beatrice
Published: September 2021

Background:

Pituitary dysfunction following severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) is significant and may be correlated with the outcomes. Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the early changes in pituitary hormone levels after sTBI and to correlate with outcomes in terms of severity and mortality.

Methods:

This was a prospective, observational study, involving consecutive patients of 16–60 years, with sTBI (Glasgow Coma Scale GCS < 9) presenting to the hospital within 24 h of trauma. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Serum samples were collected in the morning (08–10 am) on day 1 and day 4 for cortisol, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and prolactin (Chemiluminescence immunoassay). Outcome was assessed in terms of mortality (which included both immediate and at 3 months) and Glasgow outcome scale at 3 months.

Results:

54 patients were studied. Mean cortisol on day 4 was 28.5 µg/dL in alive patients and 13.7 µg/dL in patients deceased at 3 months (P < 0.001). Patients who were deceased at 3 months had significantly lower T3 on day 4 (0.973 vs 1.4 ng/dL) and lower T4 (8.1 µg/L vs 6.1 µg/dL) as compared to patients who survived (P = 0.049 and 0.005, respectively). Acute phase TSH on day 4 levels were significantly lower in patients deceased at 3 months. There was no significant difference in the prolactin levels.

Conclusion:

Day 4 cortisol, T3, T4, and TSH correlated with the outcomes at 3 months and hence have predictive value post-sTBI.
Efficacy and Safety of Once Weekly Thyroxine as Compared to Daily Thyroxine in Managing Primary Hypothyroidism
Authors: Dutta Deep , Jindal Radhika , Kumar Manoj , Mehta Divij , Dhall Anil , Sharma Meha
Published: September 2021

Aims:

No meta-analysis is available which has holistically analyzed efficacy and safety of once weekly thyroxine (OWT) vs. standard daily therapy (SDT) with regards to managing primary hypothyroidism. We undertook this meta-analysis to address this knowledge gap.

Methods:

Electronic databases were searched for clinical trials involving hypothyroid patients receiving OWT in intervention arm, and SDT in control arm. Primary outcome was to evaluate changes in serum thyroid stimulating hormone. Secondary outcomes were to evaluate alterations in total tetra-iodothyronine (TT4), total tri-iodothyronine (TT3), free T4 (FT4), free T3 (FT4), heart rate (HR), cardiac function, symptomatology, and adverse events.

Results:

From initially screened 159 studies, data from four trials involving 294 patients were analyzed. Patients of OWT had significantly higher thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) [mean difference (MD) +1.85 mU/L (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.95–2.75); P < 0.01; I
2 = 63%], comparable TT4 [MD -0.87 mcg/dl (95% CI: -2.98–1.24); P = 0.42; I
2 = 65%], and significantly lower TT3 [MD -15.7 ng/dl (95% CI: -29.9–1.51); P = 0.03; I
2 = 90%], following 6-weeks therapy. TT4 [MD 3.05 mcg/dl (95% CI: 1.44–4.66); P < 0.01], and FT4 [MD 0.56 ng/dl (95% CI: 0.04–1.08); P = 0.03; I
2 = 66%] were significantly higher 2 h after thyroxine intake, in people on OWT compared to SDT. TT4 levels were significantly higher 4 h after thyroxine intake in OWT as compared to SDT [MD 0.70 ng/dl (95% CI: 0.52–0.88); P < 0.01]. Following 4–8 h of intake of thyroxine, isovolumetric contraction time [MD 3.62 ms (95% CI: 1.93–5.31); P < 0.01; I
2 = 0%] and aortic ejection time/pre-ejection period ratio [MD 0.01 (95% CI: 0.00–0.02); P = 0.02; I
2 = 0%], were significantly higher in people on OWT as compared to SDT.

Conclusion:

OWT is associated with less efficient control of hypothyroidism at 6 weeks and may be associated with supraphysiologic elevation of thyroid hormone levels along with transient echocardiographic changes in some patients following 2-4 h of thyroxine intake.
Stress, anxiety, depression, and resilience in cancer patients on radiotherapy
Authors: Mungase Mrudula , Chaudhury Suprakash , Patil Anand A. , Jagtap Biswajit , Jain Vandana
Published: September 2021

Background:

The diagnosis of cancer may cause extreme disruption in the life of an individual because in the minds of most people the disease is associated with extreme pain, suffering, and death.

Aim:

This study aimed to assess stress, anxiety, depression, and resilience among cancer patients undergoing treatment with radiotherapy.

Materials and Methods:

Consecutive cancer patients taking radiotherapy treatment from a tertiary care hospital were included in the study with their written informed consent. Subjects suffering from comorbid medical or psychiatric disorders were excluded from the study. Demographic and clinical details of the patients were recorded on a specially prepared pro forma. Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) and Abbreviated Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale were administered. Scoring of the scales was carried out as per the test manual. The data were tabulated and analyzed using the SPSS software.

Results:

The study sample included 100 patients (38 male and 62 females) with a confirmed diagnosis of cancer receiving radiotherapy. Based on the scores obtained on the DASS, depression was present in 24 patients, anxiety was significantly high in 25 patients, while stress was significantly high in five patients. Male patients undergoing radiotherapy had significantly higher scores on resilience and significantly lower scores on depression anxiety and stress compared to female patients. In patients undergoing radiotherapy, stress, anxiety, and depression were significantly negatively correlated while resilience. Anxiety, gender, and resilience were found to be significant predictors of depression based on multiple regression analysis.

Conclusion:

Cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy suffer from depression, anxiety, and stress which are negatively correlated with resilience. Resilience is significantly higher in males, while anxiety, depression, and stress are significantly higher in females. In addition to therapy aimed at reducing depressive and anxiety symptoms, psychiatric management should also aim to increase the resilience of these patients.
Microsatellite instability-high colorectal cancer patient-derived xenograft models for cancer immunity research
Authors: Suto Hirotaka , Funakoshi Yohei , Nagatani Yoshiaki , Imamura Yoshinori , Toyoda Masanori , Kiyota Naomi , Matsumoto Hisayuki , Tanaka Shinwa , Takai Ryo , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Yamashita Kimihiro , Matsuda Takeru , Kakeji Yoshihiro , Minami Hironobu
Published: September 2021

Context:

There is an increasing demand for appropriate preclinical mice models for evaluating the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies.

Aims:

Therefore, we established a humanized patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model using microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues and patient-derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).

Subjects and Methods:

The CRC tissues of patients scheduled for surgery were tested for MSI status, and CRC tumors were transplanted into NOD/LtSz-scid/IL-2Rg-/-(NSG) mice to establish MSI-H PDX models. PDX tumors were compared to the original patient tumors in terms of histological and genetic characteristics. To humanize the immune system of MSI-H PDX models, patient PBMCs were injected through the tail vein.

Results:

PDX models were established from two patients with MSI-H CRC; one patient had a germline mutation in MLH1 (c.1990-2A > G), and the other patient had MLH1 promoter hypermethylation. PDX with the germline mutation was histologically similar to the patient tumor, and retained the genetic characteristics, including MSI-H, deficient mismatch repair (dMMR), and MLH1 mutation. In contrast, the histological features of the other PDX from a tumor with MLH1 promoter hypermethylation were clearly different from those of the original tumor, and MLH1 promoter hypermethylation and MSI-H/dMMR were lost in the PDX. When T cells from the same patient with MLH1 mutation were injected into the PDX through the tail vein, they were detected in the PDX tumor.

Conclusions:

The MSI-H tumor with an MMR mutation is suitable for MSI-H PDX model generation. The PBMC humanized MSI-H PDX has the potential to be used as an efficient model for cancer immunotherapy research.
Isolation and Toxigenic Characteristics of a Tetrodotoxin Producing Bacteria
Authors: Yuan Yong-jun , Guan Feng , Yu Chen , Chen Zhuo , Zhang Jie
Published: September 2021

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a kind of neurotoxin with great scientific research and medicinal value. Studies have confirmed that microorganism is one of the important sources of TTX. However, the specific biosynthetic and regulatory pathway of TTX production by microorganisms are still unclear. In this paper, out of twelve symbiotic bacteria screened from the wild puffer fish (Fugu rubripes) collected from coastal sea area of Ningbo (Zhejiang, China), a strain named He-1 isolated from the liver of puffer fish was found can produce TTX. It was identified as Bacillus cereus based on physiological, biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA gene analysis. However, the strain He-2, which is the subculture strain of He-1, cannot produce TTX under the normal culture condition. Further study showed that by adding the metabolite of the He-1, the ability of TTX producing of He-2 could be restored. A peptide compound was obtained by separating and purifying of the metabolites from strain He-1, which could induce the TTX production of strain He-2. This work will provide a new way for further revealing the anabolic pathway of TTX.
الابتكار في حقوق الملكيـــة الأدبيـّة والفنيــّة
Authors: مها بنت مخلد العتيبي مها بنت مخلد العتيبي
Published: September 2021

حقوق الملكية الفكرية تعدُّ جزءًا لا يتجزأ من حقوق الإنسان ومن أجل توفير حماية أمثل فقد سعت هذه الدراسة إلى بيان القيمة القانونية للابتكار في حقوق المؤلف؛ فتخصصت في مفهوم المؤلف ومصنفاته الفكرية؛ لتحدّد دور الابتكار فيها، وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى عدد من النتائج أهمها أنَّ الابتكار هو الشرط الوحيد لاستحقاق الحماية القانونية مع أن يتم إظهار هذا الابتكار في قالب مادي. ولا يلزم الابتكار أن يكون العمل جديدًا في جملته وتفصيله، إنما المراد منه أن يظهر المصنف الفكري بطابع يبرز شخصية مؤلفه ومعبرًا عنها ومتسمًا بالجدة والتميز، ويترتّب عن الاعتماد الكلي على هذا الشرط ألّا يؤخذ بعين الاعتبار مواصفات المصنف، وألّا يشترط القيام بأي إجراء شكلي آخر لاستحقاق الحماية القانونيّة.
نموذج مقترح لحوكمة تقنيات وتطبيقات الذكاء الاصطناعي في دول مجلس التعاون الخليجي لدول الخليج العربية
Authors: عبدالله عبدالحميد البركاتي عبدالله عبدالحميد البركاتي
Published: September 2021

. رغم أن تبني تقنيات وتطبيقات الذكاء الإصطناعي (AI) في دول مجلس التعاون الخليجي لدول الخليح العربية يعتبر حديث نسبيًا، إلا أن تلك التقنيات أصبحت جزءًا لا يتجزأ من من خطط واستراتيجيات تقنية المعلومات في تلك الدول. يسلط هذا البحث الضوء على أهمية حوكمة تقنيات وتطبيقات الذكاء الاصطناعي، ويقترح نموذجًا موحدًا لحوكمة تلك التقنيات في دول مجالس التعاون الخليجي لدول الخليج العربية، نظرًا للعوامل المشتركة العديدة بين تلك الدول. كما يفصل هذا البحث الوضع الحالي لحوكمة الذكاء الإصطناعي عالميًا، وفي دول مجلس التعاون الخليجي على وجه التحديد. بناءً على تحليل الوضع الحالي واحتياجات دول مجلس التعاون الخليجي، يقدم هذا البحث إطار عمل لنموذج لحوكمة تقنيات الذكاء الإصطناعي في دول المجلس، وهو نموذج طبقي مبني على عدة محاور، تشتمل على: التقنية، والأخلاقيات، والقانون، والمجتمع، والأمن والدفاع.
استخدام تقنيات التعلم الآلي للتنبؤ بنتائج مرضى كوفيد -19
Authors: نهى النزاوي نهى النزاوي
Published: September 2021

. أثر التفشي الأخير لمرض فيروس كورونا 2019 (COVID-19) على حياة الإنسان إلى حد كبير. وأدى الوباء إلى اضطراب اجتماعي واقتصادي عالمي حاد، مما تسبب في تأجيل أو إلغاء الأحداث الكبرى، COVID-19 هو تفشي جديد ومتسارع. وينتشر الفيروس بسرعة كبيرة وقد وصل تقريبًا إلى كل جزء من العالم مع أكثر من 100 مليون حالة تم الإبلاغ عنها، وموارد الرعاية الصحية الحرجة محدودة. لذلك، من المهم للغاية التنبؤ بالمرضى الأكثر عرضة للإصابة بهذا المرض الخطير، ومواجهة مخاطر المضاعفات، بما في ذلك الوفاة. في هذه الدراسة، قمنا بمقارنة أداء خوارزميات التعلم الآلي المختلفة في التنبؤ بنتائج مرضى COVID-19 بناءً على مجموعات لعوامل الخطر الخاصة بالمريض. وأفضل الخوارزمية أداءً هي مصنف الغابة العشوائية، والذي يحقق درجة F تبلغ 0,788 ومعدل دقة 0,789. والنموذج المقترح في هذه الدراسة قادر على التنبؤ بالنتيجة (أي ميت أو خرج أو مستقرة) لأي مريض تم تشخيصه بـ COVID-19، باستخدام نفس مجموعة عوامل الخطر، وهي: الجنس، والبلد، والأعراض، والأمراض المزمنة. ويمكن لنتائج هذه الدراسة أن تكمل المهارات السريرية، وتساعد الأطباء في التنبؤ بالأنماط غير المتوقعة لتحديد الحالات الخفيفة بين المرضى الذين تم تشخيصهم، والحالات القليلة التي ستتطور إلى مرض شديد.
Bilateral proximal hamstring muscle avulsion after treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors and corticosteroids
Authors: Frei Nicolas , Caobelli Federico , Kyburz Diego
Published: September 2021

A 66-year-old man presented with 4 weeks of bilateral buttock pain without previous trauma or intense exercise. He had been treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors because of metastasising melanoma and experienced immune-related adverse events requiring treatment with corticosteroids. Magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis revealed bilateral avulsion of the proximal hamstring muscles. Treatment with physical therapy and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs led to a slow but lasting relief. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of symptomatic non-traumatic bilateral hamstring muscle avulsion following treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors and corticosteroids.
The SwissCovid Digital Proximity Tracing App after one year: Were expectations fulfilled?
Authors: Daniore Paola , Ballouz Tala , Menges Dominik , Von Wyl Viktor
Published: September 2021

Digital proximity tracing has been promoted as a major technological innovation for its potential added benefits of greater speed, wider reach and better scalability compared with traditional manual contact tracing. First launched in Switzerland on 25 June 2020, the SwissCovid digital proximity tracing app has now been in use for more than one year. In light of this milestone, we raise the questions: What is currently known about the role of SwissCovid in mitigating the pandemic? Were the expectations fulfilled?
In this review, we will summarise the current state of the literature from empirical studies on the adoption, performance and effectiveness of SwissCovid. The review consists of three sections. The first section summarizes findings from effectiveness studies, which suggest that SwissCovid exposure notifications contributed to preventive actions in 76% of exposure notification recipients and were associated with a faster quarantine time in some SwissCovid user groups. The second  describes the public perception and current state of adoption of SwissCovid in Switzerland in light of prevalent misconceptions and overemphasised expectations. the third  places the evidence on SwissCovid in an international context. Specifically, we compare key performance indicators of SwissCovid, which are of similar magnitude as for digital proximity tracing apps from other European countries. Using findings from Switzerland, we subsequently derive a preliminary measure of the population-level effectiveness of digital proximity tracing apps. We estimate that exposure notifications may have contributed to the notification and identification of 500 to 1000 SARS-CoV-2-positive app users per month. We explore why this effectiveness estimation is somewhat lower when compared with Germany or the United Kingdom.
In light of the presented evidence, we conclude that digital proximity tracing works well in specific contexts, such as in mitigating non-household spread. However, future applications of digital proximity tracing should invest into stakeholder onboarding and increased process automatization – without deviating from the principles of voluntariness and user privacy.
ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA MẠNG XÃ HỘI FACEBOOK ĐẾN THÁI ĐỘ MUA HÀNG TRỰC TUYẾN CỦA GIỚI TRẺ TRONG THỜI KỲ CHUYỂN ĐỔI SỐ
Authors: THÀNH KHOA BÙI , NHẬT ANH HỒ , MINH LÝ NGUYỄN , XUÂN TRƯỜNG NGUYỄN
Published: September 2021

Các nghiên cứu đã chỉ ra rằng thái độ sẽ có tác động tích cực đến việc mua hàng, và thái độ của khách hàng đối với việc mua sắm sẽ bị ảnh hưởng bởi những yếu tố khác nhau khi họ mua sắm trên mạng xã hội, chẳng hạn như Facebook. Mục đích của nghiên cứu này là tổng hợp những yếu tố chính ảnh hưởng đến thái độ mua hàng trên Facebook của giới trẻ tại thành phố Hồ Chí Minh đặc biệt là trong thời đại chuyển đổi số, trong đó nghiên cứu tập trung vào các khách hàng thế hệ Z là những khách hàng trẻ có hành vi mua sắm trực tuyến thường xuyên. Nghiên cứu kết hợp giữa phương pháp nghiên cứu định tính và định lượng để đạt được các mục tiêu nghiên cứu. Kết quả của nghiên cứu đã chỉ ra rằng các thông tin, giải trí, tương tác, độ tin cậy, và cá nhân hóa ảnh hưởng tích cực đến thái độ mua hàng; sự phiền nhiễu và tính xã giao đã tác động tiêu cực đến thái độ mua hàng của giới trẻ trên Facebook trong thời đại chuyển đổi số. Thông qua kết quả nghiên cứu, một số hàm ý quản lý dành cho các doanh nghiệp kinh doanh trực tuyến cũng được đề xuất.
NHỮNG YẾU TỐ THÚC ĐẨY VÀ KÌM HÃM Ý ĐỊNH MUA THỰC PHẨM HỮU CƠ CỦA NGƯỜI TIÊU DÙNG TẠI THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH
Authors: THỊ KIM LOAN HUỲNH , NGỌC HIỀN NGUYỄN
Published: September 2021

Thực phẩm hữu cơ trở nên phổ biến tại Việt Nam do mức độ nhận thức về thực phẩm không an toàn của người dân ngày càng nâng cao. Tuy nhiên thực phẩm hữu cơ không là lựa chọn tối ưu trong ý định tiêu dùng. Điều này cho thấy một khoảng cách tồn tại giữa ý định và nhận thức người tiêu dùng khi chọn mua thực phẩm hữu cơ, đó là yếu tố thúc đẩy hoặc kìm hãm. Vì vậy nghiên cứu nhằm mục đích xác định, đánh giá những yếu tố thúc đẩy và kìm hãm ý định mua thực phẩm hữu cơ. Với những thang đo được kế thừa từ các nghiên cứu trước, nghiên cứu định tính thông qua phỏng vấn sâu sơ bộ các chuyên gia có kiến thức nhất định về thực phẩm hữu cơ được thực hiện nhằm kiểm định mức độ phù hợp của thang đo đối với bối cảnh một đất nước đang phát triển như Việt Nam. Nghiên cứu định lượng sơ bộ với 77 quan sát hợp lệ nhằm đánh giá độ tin cậy thang đo. Với mẫu nghiên cứu chính thức gồm 299 người tiêu dùng, mô hình hồi quy tuyến tính đa biến được sử dụng để kiểm định giả thuyết nghiên cứu. Kết quả cho thấy ý thức sức khỏe, phúc lợi hệ sinh thái, an toàn chất lượng, rào cản giá trị, rào cản rủi ro, rào cản sử dụng là những yếu tố giải thích ý định mua thực phẩm hữu cơ. Một số hàm ý quản trị được đề xuất nhằm thu hút người tiêu dùng chọn mua thực phẩm hữu cơ.
Segmentation and Selective Feature Extraction for Human Detection to the Direction of Action Recognition
Authors: Konwar Lakhyadeep , Talukdar Anjan Kumar , Sarma Kandarpa Kumar , Saikia Navajit , Rajbangshi Subhash Chandra
Published: September 2021

Detection as well as classification of different object for machine vision application is a challenging task. Similar to the other object detection and classification task, human detection concept provides a major role for the ad- vancement in the design of an automatic visual surveillance system (AVSS). For the future automation system if it is possible to include human detection and tracking, human action recognition, usual as well as unusual event recognition etc. concept for future AVSS, it will be a greater success in the transformable world. In this paper we have proposed a proper human detection and tracking technique for human action recognition toward the design of AVSS. Here we use median filter for noise removal, graph cut for segment the human images, mathematical morphology to refine the segmentation mask, extract selective feature points by sing HOG, classify human objects by using SVM with polynomial ker- nel and finally particle filter for tracking those of detected human. Due to the above mentioned combinations our system can independent to the variations of lightening conditions, color, shape, size, clothing etc. and can handle the occlusion. Our system can easily detect and track human in different indoor as well as outdoor environ- ment with a automatic multiple human detection rate of 97:61% and total multiple human detection and tracking accuracy is about 92% for AVSS. Due to the use of HOG to extract features af- ter graph cut segmentation operation, our system requires less memory for store the trained data therefore processing speed as well as accuracy of detection and tracking will be better than other techniques which can be suitable for action classification task.
PEMBELAJARAN METACOGNITIVE SCAFFOLDING SEBAGAI UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS MATEMATIS SISWA SMP DALAM MEMECAHKAN MASALAH
Authors: Mansyur Muhamad Zulfikar , Nugraha Depi Ardian
Published: September 2021

Critical thinking ability is an important ability to have. However, students' mathematical critical thinking skills are still low. Efforts that can be applied are through the Metagontive Scaffolding learning approach. The Metcagontive Scaffolding approach has been proven to be able to improve mathematical communication skills, mathematical literacy, and self-efficacy. This study was conducted to test whether Metagontive Scaffolding can improve the mathematical critical thinking skills of junior high school students better than direct learning. This study uses a quasi-experimental method with a nonequivalent control group design. The population in this study were all eighth grade students in one of the public junior high schools in Bandung. This study uses two classes as a sample from a number of class VIII randomly graded. The data in this study were obtained through the results of the answers to students' mathematical critical thinking abilities. significantly compared to students who participated in direct learning
THE BIBLE IN CONTEXTUAL THEOLOGICAL WORK IN INDONESIA
Authors: Timo Ebenhaizer I Nuban , Putrawan Bobby Kurnia
Published: September 2021

This article describes the problem of how the Bible as the word of God is interpreted contextually for theology in Indonesia. The method used in this article is to explore contextual theological models and to have a reciprocal, constructive and dialectical dialogue between the Bible and dogma (the universal tradition) as well as the actual beliefs of the community (local traditions). The result of this research is that the meaning of God in the Bible will have a liberating and humanizing power if the meaning of God is not applied directly but in dialogue with the actual beliefs of the community where the Bible is read and preached.
ROH KUDUS DALAM TRINITAS DAN KOMUNITAS UMAT TUHAN (HOLY SPIRIT IN THE TRINITY AND COMMUNITY OF GOD'S PEOPLE)
Authors: Tubagus Steven , Sarono Timotius Bakti
Published: September 2021

The doctrine of the Holy Spirit and its praxis has been controversial among God's people. This controversy has even emerged since the beginning of the church about the person and position of the Holy Spirit with God the Father and the Son. This article aims to briefly explore the doctrine of the Holy Spirit and its praxis into the community of God's people. The writing method used is a praxis systematic critical method to examine the various nuances of the argument against the Holy Spirit with the aim of placing it in a proper understanding of the trinity concept. The result of this writing is the doctrine of the Holy Spirit there is no personality difference between God the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit, because humans meet these "persons" in every spiritual aspect. By conceptualizing God in the realm of the Spirit of God, it will be a more practical way to describe activities in community life.

 

Doktrin Roh Kudus dan praksisnya telah memberikan kontroversi selama ini di antara umat Tuhan. Kontroversi ini bahkan sudah muncul mulai permulaan gereja bagaimana pribadi dan posisi Roh Kudus dengan Allah Bapa dan Putra. Artikel ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi secara singkat doktrin Roh Kudus dan praksisnya ke dalam komunitas umat Tuhan. Metode penulisan yang digunakan adalah metode kritis sistematis praksis untuk menelaah berbagai nuansa argumen terhadap Roh Kudus dengan tujuan menempatkannya dalam pemahaman yang tepat tentang konsep trinitas. Hasil dari penulisan ini adalah doktrin Roh Kudus tidak ada perbedaan kepribadian antara Allah Bapa, Anak dan Roh Kudus, karena manusia bertemu dengan “pribadi-pribadi” ini dalam setiap aspek rohani. Dengan mengkonseptualisasikan Tuhan dalam alam Roh Allah akan menjadi cara yang lebih praktis untuk menggambarkan aktivitas secara kehidupan komunitas.
AN OCCUPIED CHURCH?: READING THE OCCUPY WALL STREET MOVEMENT ECCLESIOLOGICALLY IN CONVERSATION WITH NEW MONASTICS
Authors: Buskirk Gregory P. Van
Published: September 2021

The church needs to challenge itself about its identity, constitution, and mission, because out of necessity this involves the world and the events that unfold in it. Thus, sociological, political, and economic issues have ecclesiological components and consequences that are practically tautological, including the Occupy Wall Street (OWS) movement. The question thus moves from whether the Church is called to critical reflection on OWS to how that critical reflection should occur. The purpose of this article is to point out the specific practice of the OWS movement – ​​the “sign” – to be considered through an ecclesiological lens. The method used is from an ecclesiological lens with a new monastic. The results of this research are firstly, the church must actively and responsibly inculcate non-violent practices, communitarian economy, and embody space and place, while at the same time joining forces with non-ecclesiastical organizations that support these practices. similar. Second, by whom - and by whom - the Church (as a very different polis) must always point beyond itself to what is its foundation and fulfillment. As long as the Church faithfully responds to this call, the Kingdom will be in our midst.