bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physiological Responses to Hypoxia in the Absence of Brain Glycogen
Authors: Zike Taylor , Crowder Justin J. , Pederson Bartholomew A.
Published: October 2019

Background and Hypothesis: Glycogen is a highly branched polymer of glucose and is an important form of energy storage in mammals. The brain is able to form glycogen in astrocytes and neurons via glycogen synthase and branching enzyme. Once formed, brain glycogen functions as the only stored energy source for these cells. Various physiological roles for brain glycogen have been hypothesized, including memory consolidation and sleep regulation, as well as a protective role during various physiological stressors, such as hypoglycemia and hypoxia. For instance, rat brain glycogen levels were decreased 10 minutes after vaginal birth, but not after a C-section. This suggested that cerebral hypoxia experienced during vaginal birth induced the utilization of brain glycogen to minimize neurodegeneration during the hypoxic event. Symptoms of hypoxia can range from tachycardia, tachypnea, shortness of breath, and diaphoresis to confusion, loss of motor coordination and cognitive function, neurodegeneration, and brain death. The many causes of hypoxia include lungs diseases (COPD, pneumonia, pulmonary edema), CNS depressants (opiates), heart problems (CHF), anemia, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We hypothesized that the lack of brain glycogen would cause a noticeable detrimental effect to the survival time and physiologic functions of mice exposed to acute hypoxia.
Experimental Design or Project Methods: We subjected mice, with or without glycogen synthase disrupted in the brain, to carbon dioxide- or nitrogen-induced hypoxia and monitored effects on brain glycogen levels, behavior, and survival time.
Results: We found that mice lacking brain glycogen exhibited the characteristic physiologic responses to hypoxia, but expired ~50% sooner than mice with brain glycogen.
Conclusion and Potential Impact: These results provide evidence that brain glycogen is imperative in responding to hypoxic events. Further, these findings suggest that brain glycogen may protect patients with OSA against other comorbidities, especially neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment.
Study of clinical profile and association of severity with contact sensitivity of hand eczema patients
Authors: Hassan Shahid , Ranjan Ashutosh
Published: October 2019

Background: This present study was to evaluate the clinical profile, severity and its pattern as well as association between contact sensitivity with its severity in hand eczema patients.

Methods: A detailed demographic profile, occupation, history regarding onset of disease, duration, progress of hand dermatitis, aggravating and relieving factors, seasonal variations, presence of atopy in self or family, day to day work, hobbies, and past and present treatment were performed to all cases of hand eczema. Severity of hand eczema was assessed by using hand eczema severity index (HECSI). Patch test was applied to all cases with standard Indian patch test battery as approved by contact dermatitis and occupational dermatoses forum of India. Data was applied by using SPSS version 26 software. P value was taken equal to or less than 0.05 for significant differences.

Results: Hand eczema was commonly seen in male and middle age group (31-45 years) patients. Masons, house wives and farmers were mostly infected with hand eczema. Hyperkeratotic eczema and wear and tear dermatitis were the most common type of hand eczema. Potassium dichromate and nickel were the most common antigen/allergens. HECSI score 40-60 was seen in majorities of hand eczema cases. And there was no statistical significant association seen in between severity and positive patch test sensitivity in patients with hand eczema.

Conclusions: Works associated with exposure to various chemical agents are at higher risk for developing hand eczema. Our study will of immense help to patients for identification of contact sensitizer and prevention from hand eczema.
Investigating the effect of vegetation on the absorption of carbon dioxide (case study: Yadavaran oil field, Iran)
Authors: Velayatzadeh Mohammad , Davazdah Emami Sina
Published: October 2019

Introduction: One of the most important environmental issues related to the energy sector is the global climate change caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gases. Increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere causes global warming, which has dangerous consequences. This research was conducted to investigate the effect of vegetation on the amount of carbon dioxide emissions in the Yadavaran oil field in 2017.
Materials and methods: In this research, information was collected and pa- rameters were measured in 5 stations (Contractor Services Camp, Water Sup- ply, Permanent camp, Green space and Pioneer camp) with 3 replications. Re- garding the administrative and operational hours, measuring the parameters of research was carried out during the working hours of the day in spring and June 2017. In this study, the amount of temperature, velocity and wind direc- tion of the dominant region, moisture content, oxygen content, green space and vegetation, buildings and barriers, and the distances and closeness of the emission sources and altitudes from the ground surface were taken.
Results: According to the results obtained in areas with vegetation and trees, at the pioneer camp and the water supply camp with increasing temperature, the amount of carbon dioxide has also increased. In the campus, the service contractor and the green area of the region with a decrease in temperature, carbon monoxide in the air was also downtrend.
Conclusion: The temperature and humidity did not affect the concentration of oxygen in the air, and it was the same in the five study areas.
Concentration modeling of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides emitted from cigarette consumption in atmosphere of Isfahan, Iran
Authors: Talaiekhozani Amirreza , Amani Ali Mohammad , Eskandari Zeinab , Sanaye Reza
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Although many studies on Isfahan’s air pollution have been done, there is no report about the effects of cigarette consumption in Isfahan. The aims of this study were (a) to find the amount of nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide emitted by cigarette consumption in Isfahan; and (b) to model the distribution of such pollutants in Isfahan’s atmosphere. Materials and methods: Based on the literature, it is assumed that 15% of Isfahan’s people consume cigarettes and each smoker on average smokes 1,147 cigarettes per year. Based on these assumptions, the 249,000 smokers living in Isfahan consume 285,000,000 cigarettes per year. The amount of pollutant emissions was calculated by existing emission factors for cigarette consumption. Finally, the distribution of the emitted pollutants from cigarette consumption in Isfahan’s atmosphere was modeled using AERMOD. Results: The results illustrated that each year, 2.85 kg nitrogen oxides, 2.85 kg hydrocarbons, 37.05 kg carbon monoxide and 142.5 kg carbon dioxide are emitted into Isfahan’s atmosphere from residents’ smoking. The modeling of pollutants’ dispersion in Isfahan’s atmosphere showed that only some of these pollutants result from cigarette consumption. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the amount of pollutants emitted by cigarette consumption was negligible compared to the other pollutant sources in Isfahan.
Sensitivity of mesoscale dust simulation to WRF_Chem boundary layer scheme (case study: March 14th 2012)
Authors: Hassan Elham Mobarak , Ghafarian Parvin , Bahrami Faranak , Khani Mahnaz , Sabori Morteza
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Recently, local dust events increased in Khuzestan province. Therefore, knowledge on its properties can have a crucial role in future prediction and planning. Materials and methods: This study investigated the effect of different boundary layer schemes for dust simulation by WRF_Chem model on March 14th 2012 in Khuzestan province. To validate the model, observation data such as horizontal visibility, 10-m wind speed and PM10 were provided. Results: The results indicated that the MYN scheme has the highest correlation between model outputs and observation for 10-m wind speed, PM10 and horizontal visibility. Due to the highest correlation of the 10 m wind speed, horizontal visibility, PM10 respectively with 0.83, -0.76 and 0.76 values and the highest consistency with the day-night variation of PM10, MYN scheme can be selected as the most suitable scheme. At the second level, UW scheme seems to be an appropriate option. In MYN and UW schemes, the maximum wind speed in 925 hPa level was estimated 24 m/s at 03 UTC, March 14th which caused an increase in the 10 m wind speed at 06 and 09UTC. Therefore, the dust emitted from the surface to the air. Although the results of MYJ scheme showed proper correlation and temporal variation with observed, but as it determined PM10 concentration with high difference, it can’t be considered as a suitable scheme for simulation dust concentration. Conclusion: Although the PM10 concentration obtained by WRF_Chem showed difference with the observation for all the selected boundary layer schemes, MYN scheme gives the most appropriate result.
TINJAUAN HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP SISTEM KEMITRAAN BAGI HASIL DARI LAHAN PLASMA SAWIT
Authors: Habibie Ramadhani Alfin
Published: October 2019

The profit sharing agreement is a binding contract. Plasma Land as the agreement object involves three parties, they are PT. Bumitama Gunajaya Abadi as the manager Mitra Behaum Cooperative as the bridge between community and company distributing oil palm monthly, and society as the owners of plasma land provided by local government. The grant of plasma land from local government that has no assurance becomes this study object. Types of profit sharing agreement for agricultural or farm products in Islamic law are: musaqah, muzara’ah and mukhabarah. The study discusses whether the profit sharing of oil palm includes in either one of the systems or creates new case in farm’s profit sharing. The researcher believes that further research should be done answering this problem. The result shows that the agreement used tends to be mukhabarah, that is a cooperation between land manager and owner in agriculture or farm. However, we cannot say the agreement is appropriate for some aspects. In its practice, it imperfect is that there is no exact location or assurance of the land. Next, in term of sharing profit, they already set clear share in percentage which is in line (not gharar) with the requirements of mukhabarah.

Akad bagi hasil merupakan akad kerjasama yang bersifat mengikat. Lahan Plasma sebagai objek dari akad melibatkan tiga pihak didalamnya yaitu PT. Bumitama Gunajaya Abadi (BGA), Koperasi Mitra Behaum, serta masyarakat selaku pemilik lahan plasma yang diberikan oleh Pemerintah Daerah (Pemda). Pemberian lahan plasma dari pemda yang tidak memiliki kepastian letak inilah yang menjadi objek penelitian. Akad kerjasama bagi hasil pertanian atau perkebunan dalam hukum Islam adalah dalam bentuk musaqah, muzara’ah dan mukhabarah. Persoalan yang muncul adalah apakah bagi hasil dalam perkebunan sawit tersebut termasuk dari salah satu dari sistem bagi hasil tersebut ataukah menimbulkan persoalan baru dalam bagi hasil perkebunan. Hasil penelitian adalah kerjasama perkebunan sawit dapat dimasukkan dalam akad mukhabarah yaitu bentuk kerjasama antara pengelola kebun dan pemilik lahan. Beberapa rukun dan syarat sebagian telah terpenuhi, namun ada salah satu syarat yang belum terpenuhi yaitu pada tanah yang akan ditanami tidak memiliki kepastian letak. Ketidakpastian ini yang menyebabkan kurang sempurnanya syarat mukhabarah.
PERDA SYARIAH DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN DAYA SAING EKONOMI DAERAH
Authors: Muhtadi Ridan
Published: October 2019

The 2014 Law No. 24 makes regional governments have extensive authority in managing their regions. Using this authority, the implementation of regional regulation (perda) in Islamic Sharia is more suitable with Islamic local wisdom. Sharia regulations have indicated a change in legal politics, from the paradigm of legal unification to pluralism. More economists and practitioners are interested in sharia economic as alternative in preventing economic crisis after global financial crisis in 2008. As a result, some regions began to implement sharia economic by providing legal protection to formulate regional regulations. This study aims to analyze “perda” related to the implementation of Islamic Sharia by taking Sharia Economic and Financial Regulations as example. This is a juridical-normative research using primary and secondary legal data. The analytical approach used is content, concept, and case. The results indicate that Sharia Economic Regulations in Indonesia are very important. Moreover, the forecast growth
of financial and sharia business industries is quite rapid in East Java. Hence, it is
very necessary to accelerate the divine economy to the regions and be able to create an economy in a stable and fair area.

Undang-Undang No 24 Tahun 2014, menjadikan Pemerintah Daerah memiliki
kewenangan yang luas dalam pengelolaan didaerahnya. Dengan adanya kewenangan yang luas inilah, maka implementasi Peraturan Daerah (Perda) syariat Islam menjadi lebih sesuai dengan kearifan lokal yang islami. Perda syariah telah menunjukkan terjadinya perubahan politik hukum, dari paradigma unifikasi hukum menjadi pluralisme hukum. Krisis finansial global pada tahun 2008 semakin membuat ekonomi syariah dilirik banyak para ekonom dan praktisi sebagai salah satu alternatif pencegahan krisis ekonomi. Sehingga beberapa daerah mulai menerapkan ekonomi syariah dengan memberikan kepastian payung hukumnya dengan merumuskan peraturan daerah.
KEWIRAUSAHAAN ISLAM1 (ISLAMIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP) DALAM PENDIDIKAN DAN PEMBINAAN PENGELOLAAN PERKOPERASIAN MAHASISWA
Authors: Bashith Abdul
Published: October 2019

Islam is a comprehensive religion, including business gets the attention the Koran. Islam teaches the values of ethical, moral and spiritual life that serves as a guide life to its adherents, not least at the economic field. Lots of Islamic teachings so that Islamic people want to work hard for themselves be honest in business, and looking for a business from their own hand to do good deeds. Entrepreneurial can be said as people who fight against the competition in the field of economics, and whoever doing entrepreneur accordance with the norms of law, religion, and economics then he was included as a reliable entrepreneurs in carrying out the strategies and policies that have been implemented in the fields of economics, included in the category of people who want to seriously in the running life. Islamic entrepreneurship are required to have the strength and values who is able to uphold its business. Thus the study of Islamic entrepreneurship in education and management of student cooperatives be interesting to learn and do in order to continue its operations by giving attention to the principles of Islam. The teachings of Islam itself has taught the duty of man to always trying and praying in carrying out the obligation to make a living on a religious path, earning a living or entrepreneurship in a religious way.

Keywords: Islamic entrepreneurship, Student's Cooperative Education and Management
PENGARUH GROUP INVESTIGATION DAN GAYA BELAJAR TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR GEOGRAFI MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN IPS
Authors: Amin Saiful
Published: October 2019

This study aims to 1) determine the effect of the Group Investigation model on geography learning outcomes; 2) knowing the effect of learning styles on geography learning outcomes; and 3) knowing the interaction between the Group Investigation model and learning styles towards geography learning outcomes. The study design used quasi-experimental with a simple 2x3 factorial design, which refers to the pretest-posttest control group design. Analysis of learning outcome data using the Two Path Analysis of Variance ANOVA technique at a significance level of 5%. The results of the study show that 1) the Group Investigation model influences the geography learning outcomes of PIPS students at Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang; 2) learning styles influence the geography learning outcomes of PIPS students at Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang; 3) GI models and learning styles do not interact significantly influence the geography learning outcomes of PIPS students at Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang.

Keywords: group investigation; learning style; geography learning outcomes
El cubio como una alternativa productiva sostenible en condiciones de agricultura urbana de Bogotá
Authors: Sáenz-Torres Santiago , López-Molinello Alfredo , Prieto-Contreras Lena , Rodríguez Tulio
Published: October 2019

El cubio (Tropaeolum tuberosum) es una especie vegetal nativa que representa posibilidades de valor agregado como alternativa de reconversión productiva agroindustrial para pequeños productores en los frágiles ecosistemas de la alta montaña colombiana y de los habitantes urbanos de Bogotá. Como las otras especies de raíces y tubérculos andinos, el cubio es poseedor de una gran riqueza nutricional superior a los productos agrícolas tradicionales. Los resultados indican un buen comportamiento de la especie en condiciones edafoclimáticas adversas, la tolerancia al ataque de plagas y enfermedades y una excelente calidad y productividad del producto cosechado. Fue mayor la producción con la fertilización orgánica, a diferencia de los tratamientos con fertilizantes químicos convencionales que solo aportan los tres elementos esenciales: nitrógeno, fósforo y potasio. De lo estudiado, se plantean amplias posibilidades de esta especie para ser incluida como alternativa productiva sustentable de bajo costo y amigable con el ambiente.
Laporan Kasus: Bedah Kista Kelenjar Mammae pada Anjing Golden Retrievers Betina
Authors: Gorda I Wayan , Pratistha Ni Wayan Apsari Shantika
Published: October 2019

Mamalia merupakan hewan yang menyusui anaknya setelah melahirkan. Anjing merupakan hewan mamalia yang berisiko terserang penyakit pada kelenjar mammae, salah satunya adalah neoplastik bersifat jinak yaitu kista. Kejadian kista kelenjar mammae pada anjing jarang terjadi sehingga pelaporan kasus kejadiannya pun jarang. Laporan kasus bedah ditinjau dari seekor anjing Golden Retrievers betina bernama Barnie, berwarna cokelat, berumur 8 tahun dengan berat badan 25,4 kg dengan riwayat vaksin terakhir tahun lalu mengalami benjolan pertaman di bagian dextra kelenjar mammae sejak kurang lebih 1 tahun. Metode penanganan pada kasus ini adalah dengan tindakan pembedahan. Insisi bagian kulit dan subkutan sehingga kista dapat diangkat. Bagian sub kutan dijahit dengan pola subkutikular menggunakan chromic cat gut. Pada bagian kulit dijahit menggunakan benang chromic cat gut dengan pola terputus. Perawatan pasca operasi, anjing dikandangkan selama masa pemulihan. Anjing dipasangkan Elisabeth Collar untuk menghindari anjing menggigit daerah luka. Anjing diberikan terapi Amoxicillin dan Meloxicam secara oral selama 5 hari. Penggunaan Oxytetracyclin zalf dan enbatic bubuk pada luka jahitan tumor sebagai pencegah infeksi dan mempercepat proses menutupnya luka.
L’internationalisation des marchés en productions animales
Authors: CHATELLIER Vincent
Published: October 2019

Les productions animales représentent 16 % du commerce agroalimentaire international. Le déséquilibre croissant entre l’offre et la demande de produits animaux dans les pays asiatiques où la consommation progresse, surtout en Chine, stimule les échanges au bénéfice des grands pays exportateurs que sont l’Union européenne (UE), les États-Unis, la Nouvelle-Zélande, le Brésil et l’Australie. Si cette évolution offre des opportunités commerciales pour les pays structurellement excédentaires, les achats ne sont pas toujours réguliers d’une année à l’autre et la concurrence par les prix est très forte, même si certains pays ont des exigences qualitatives. L’UE, qui est excédentaire en produits laitiers et en viande porcine, mais déficitaire (en valeur) en viande bovine et en viande de volailles, est le premier exportateur mondial de productions animales (avec 22 % du total, hors commerce intra-UE en 2016). En utilisant les données statistiques des douanes (BACI et COMEXT) de 2000 à 2016, cet article traite de l’évolution du commerce en productions animales. Il présente l’évolution du commerce international pour différents types de biens (produits laitiers, viande bovine, viande porcine, viande de volailles) et met en évidence les trajectoires commerciales des principaux pays déficitaires (Chine, Japon et Russie) et excédentaires (Inde, Australie, Nouvelle-Zélande, Brésil, États-Unis et UE).
Évolution de la place de l’animal et des points de vue sur son élevage dans la société française : quels enjeux pour la recherche agronomique ?
Authors: FOSTIER Alexis
Published: October 2019

Plusieurs travaux sociologiques ont permis d’identifier des sujets de contestation des élevages en France. Cette contestation s’accompagne d’une baisse de la consommation moyenne par habitant des produits carnés, à l’exception de la volaille, avec une évolution des comportements alimentaires. Sans nier les effets du prix des produits carnés et du revenu des ménages sur les décisions d’achat des consommateurs, nous nous intéressons ici à d’autres éléments pouvant influencer les points de vue des citoyens sur les élevages. Avec quelques repères historiques, l’évolution de la place de l’animal dans la société est examinée. Sont ensuite passés en revue : poids économique de l’élevage, conditions d’élevage et de mise à mort de l’animal, débats philosophiques, choix religieux, choix alimentaires, choix culturels, coexistence des animaux et des citadins, intérêt des médias pour l’animal et son élevage, militantisme. Pour finir, nous évoquons brièvement les pistes explorées par la recherche agronomique, que ce soit au niveau de l’évolution des systèmes d’élevage et de leurs impacts négatifs et positifs, ou au niveau de la biologie de l’animal. Des données génériques sont acquises à ces différents niveaux et des approches interdisciplinaires sont développées pour mieux appréhender des phénomènes complexes et proposer des innovations. Enfin, plusieurs méthodologies sont utilisées pour différents types d’évaluation à différentes échelles permettant d’affiner les diagnostics, d’anticiper les conséquences d’une innovation technologique, de repérer objectivement les progrès ou les retards par rapport à des objectifs d’amélioration des systèmes, et aussi d’aborder la question des impacts de la recherche en agriculture sur la société.
Quelles performances pour les animaux de demain ? Objectifs et méthodes de sélection
Authors: LE ROY Pascale , DUCOS Alain , PHOCAS Florence
Published: October 2019

Les objectifs et méthodes d’amélioration génétique doivent évoluer pour répondre aux enjeux du développement durable des filières d’élevage. Dans toutes les espèces, il s’agit désormais d’améliorer la robustesse des animaux en promouvant leurs capacités d’adaptation, en intégrant dans les objectifs des programmes de sélection de nombreux caractères d’efficience, en particulier de santé et d’adaptation à des ressources alimentaires moins standardisées et de qualité fluctuante, à des environnements changeants et variés, et au changement climatique. Cela amène à considérer les interactions génotype x environnement dans la prédiction des valeurs génétiques et à évaluer les performances des animaux dans des systèmes à moindres intrants, notamment alimentaires et médicamenteux. Depuis la fin des années 2000, la méthode mise en œuvre progressivement dans toutes les filières est la sélection génomique qui, en déconnectant le calcul des valeurs génétiques des candidats à la sélection de l’obtention de phénotypes, facilite la sélection de nouveaux caractères et la prise en compte des interactions génotype x environnement. Dans un futur relativement proche, il sera techniquement possible de mettre en œuvre des stratégies de modification et sélection ciblées des génomes qui pourraient substantiellement accroitre les gains de progrès génétique en comparaison avec ceux obtenus dans les programmes actuels de sélection génomique. Toutefois, l’utilisation de ces nouvelles techniques de sélection animale pose de nombreuses questions, tant sur le plan scientifique, qu’opérationnel, éthique ou politique.
Les performances économiques de l’élevage européen : de la « compétitivité coût » à la « compétitivité hors coût
Authors: CHATELLIER Vincent , DUPRAZ Pierre
Published: October 2019

L’Union Européenne (UE) occupe, et depuis longtemps, une place importante dans les activités d’élevage à l’échelle internationale, tant en termes de production que de participation aux échanges. En dépit d’un puissant mouvement de restructuration, imputable surtout aux gains de productivité des facteurs, l’élevage européen rassemble des exploitations agricoles encore très hétérogènes en termes de combinaisons productives, de taille, de structuration sociale, d’intensification et de performances économiques. Pour en rendre compte, et partant des données du Réseau d’Information Comptable Agricole (RICA), une analyse de la diversité des situations structurelles et économiques est conduite pour les exploitations spécialisées dans les productions de lait, de viande bovine et de granivores (porcs et volailles), ce pour les dix Etats membres de l’UE les plus productifs en productions animales. Cette étape est un préalable nécessaire à la réflexion qui s’engage ensuite sur les principaux leviers de la performance économique des productions animales européennes. Deux types de leviers sont alors distingués. Le premier concerne la « compétitivité coût ». Il aborde successivement les substitutions entre facteurs de production, les économies d’échelle, la concentration géographique des productions, la structuration des filières et l’influence des politiques agricoles. Le second concerne la compétitivité hors coût. Il traite de la qualité sanitaire des productions animales, de la différenciation des produits et des processus de production et des conditions de la captation de la valeur induite par les producteurs.
Intégrer les changements d’échelle pour améliorer l’efficience des productions animales et réduire les rejets
Authors: FAVERDIN Philippe , VAN MILGEN Jaap
Published: October 2019

L’élevage est soumis à des défis considérables pour s’adapter au problème de compétition sur les ressources, notamment alimentaires, et aux problèmes environnementaux. L’amélioration de l’efficience de conversion des ressources alimentaires en produits animaux est une voie importante susceptible de répondre simultanément aux deux enjeux. Cette revue définit cette notion d’efficience en la plaçant dans le cadre plus global du triangle de la performance : pertinence, efficience et efficacité. Elle montre l’importance de mettre en perspective ces questions d’efficience alimentaire des animaux en abordant la question du changement d’échelle. Dans les secteurs de production de viande et de lait, elle fait le point sur les travaux conduits pour améliorer l’efficience à la fois par la sélection d’animaux capables de mieux transformer les aliments en produits animaux et par une conduite alimentaire plus précise et mieux équilibrée. Elle évoque les principales avancées pour réduire les émissions à risques pour l’environnement. Raisonner l’efficience alimentaire et les émissions de rejets à l’échelle de l’animal pour la production de lait ou de viande offre des perspectives de progrès importants, mais ne garantit pas toujours une amélioration de l’efficience à une échelle plus globale ni une réduction des impacts sur l’environnement. Il faut donc bien prendre soin de vérifier que les stratégies proposées sont efficaces et permettent d’atteindre les objectifs recherchés avec des indicateurs appropriés. La prise en compte des effets du changement d’échelle pour améliorer la performance globale est un vrai nouveau défi pour la recherche.
Élevage et territoires : quelles interactions et quelles questions ?
Authors: LASSEUR Jacques , BONAUDO Thierry , CHOISIS Jean-Philippe , HOUDART Marie , NAPOLÉONE Martine , TICHIT † Muriel , DEDIEU Benoît
Published: October 2019

Les leviers susceptibles de conforter la durabilité de l’élevage concernent i) la capacité du système considéré à se maintenir en conservant ses capacités productives et en renouvelant les ressources dont ils dépend, en répondant aux enjeux économiques et de filières : l’efficience est alors au centre des évaluations ; ii) la capacité de l’activité d’élevage à intégrer au-delà de ses intérêts propres celle d’un ensemble des porteurs d’enjeux qui l’environnent : les interactions à l’échelle des territoires sont alors au centre des analyses. A partir de l’analyse transversale de travaux associant l’agronomie – zootechnie, la géographie et la sociologie sur des terrains français et étrangers nous identifions trois dimensions particulières pour les recherches concernant les interactions élevage et territoire : i) la mesure des impacts des activités sur des espaces continus, ii) l’analyse de la diversité des activités permettant de relier « local et global », et iii) l’étude des interactions entre acteurs d’un territoire pour favoriser l’émergence d’innovation renforçant la durabilité territoriale. Cinq études de cas illustrent ces défis actuels de la recherche sur les interactions élevage et territoire en ce que ces approches amènent aux débats sur le futur des recherches sur l’élevage. Les recherches conduites sur le territoire sont en tension sur un gradient tiré d’une part vers des mesures d’objectivation de l’impact des activités humaines dans un contexte de changement global et d’autre part vers une compréhension, intégrant toute la subjectivité des acteurs de ce sur quoi l’élevage est attendu à l’avenir. Il ne s’agit pas pour nous d’opposer ces orientations de recherche mais, de faire jouer leurs complémentarités en les situant dans un nouveau courant de recherche qui s’intéresse aux « transitions territoriales » c’est à dire aux cadres théoriques et aux outillages qui permettent d’accompagner les acteurs d’un territoire dans un processus de changement.
Les effets du processus d’intensification de l’élevage dans les territoires
Authors: DOMINGUES Joao Pedro , BONAUDO Thierry , GABRIELLE Benoit , PERROT Christophe , TRÉGARO Yves , TICHIT† Muriel
Published: October 2019

L’intensification de l’élevage a transformé les territoires au cours du temps. Elle a induit des effets susceptibles de persister pendant des décennies. Ils influencent le niveau actuel de fourniture de services rendus par l’élevage. Nous proposons une analyse de l’intensification de l’élevage sur le territoire français entre 1938 et 2010 et de ses conséquences sur la fourniture actuelle de services socio-économiques et environnementaux. Deux bases de données, construites à la résolution des départements métropolitains, ont été mobilisées. La première nous sert à caractériser les trajectoires d’intensification de l’élevage sur la période 1938-2010 à partir d’indicateurs socioéconomiques, d’occupation du sol, et de productivité animale. La seconde mesure le niveau actuel de fourniture de services environnementaux, culturels, et de vitalité rurale rendus par l’élevage à la société. L’analyse du processus d’intensification débouche sur l’identification de quatre trajectoires, parmi lesquelles deux correspondent à des territoires où l’élevage joue encore un rôle majeur. La première trajectoire se distingue par une intensification prononcée des productions de monogastriques et d’herbivores qui a donné lieu à des changements majeurs en termes de productivité, de densité animale, ainsi que d’intensification de la surface fourragère. Cette trajectoire est associée à un bouquet de services combinant services de vitalité rurale et culturels. La seconde trajectoire se distingue par une spécialisation de la production d’herbivores couplée à des niveaux modérés de productivité. Cette trajectoire est associée à un bouquet de services révélant une synergie entre services environnementaux et services culturels. L’analyse des deux bouquets montre un antagonisme entre certains indicateurs de vitalité rurale et de services environnementaux, soulignant ainsi une intensification excessive de certains territoires compromettant leur capacité à fournir des bouquets diversifiés de services. Notre analyse suggère enfin que les services observés actuellement dans les territoires sont le reflet du niveau d’intensification atteint bien avant 2010.
Productions animales, usage des terres et sécurité alimentaire en 2050 : L’éclairage de la prospective Agrimonde-Terra
Authors: LE MOUËL Chantal , MORA Olivier
Published: October 2019

Les scénarios d’usage des terres et de sécurité alimentaire en 2050, issus de la prospective Agrimonde-Terra, offrent l’opportunité de réexaminer les termes du débat sur la place des productions animales dans l’usage des terres et la sécurité alimentaire, et par suite sur leur rôle au regard de l’avenir des systèmes alimentaires globaux. Les résultats d’Agrimonde-Terra confirment le rôle majeur des productions animales pour l’usage des terres et la sécurité alimentaire en 2050. Agrimonde-Terra conclue qu’une transition vers des systèmes alimentaires plus durables nécessitera d’agir simultanément du côté de la demande de produits animaux et du côté de l’offre de produits végétaux et animaux, mais en apportant quelques nuances, notamment en insistant sur le rôle de la production animale pour la sécurité alimentaire dans les pays en développement. Ainsi, les hypothèses d’Agrimonde-Terra conduisent, quel que soit le scénario, à une expansion significative de la surface agricole dans certaines régions en développement, en particulier en Afrique sub-saharienne.
Introducing DNA Sequencing to the Next Generation on a Research Vessel Sailing the Bering Sea Through a Storm
Authors: Ducluzeau Anne-Lise , Lekanoff Rachel M. , Khalsa Noah S. , Smith Hillary H. , Drown Devin M.
Published: October 2019

Experiential learning in the field is an opportunity for students to enter the heart of a scientific discipline. Through such experience, they can extract conceptual clues and discover motivational stepping stones that will potentially influence the rest of their education and career choice. Unfortunately, in Biology, the inescapable topic of Next-Generation Sequencing represents a challenge when it comes to create an educational curriculum that aims to provide students with hands-on experience on sequencers. It is an even more difficult task to accomplish if one’s purpose was to set such curriculum in a field situation. However, in recent years, educators have seen possibility to bring Next-Generation Sequencing to the reach of students more easily, with the Oxford Nanopore MinION, a low-budget, user-friendly, hand-held sequencer. Academic researchers have illustrated the performances of this device in the field and are inspirational for curricula aiming to take the next generation of scientists in the outdoors. We designed a modular 5-day workshop, with nanopore sequencing to be performed in field conditions. Here we describe the material and methods that lead the students and instructors from sample collection, DNA extraction and preparation for nanopore sequencing with MinION to real-time analysis of the data collected. This curriculum was implemented for the first-time aboard Research Vessel Sikuliaq during a transit organized by the STEMSEAS program at Columbia University in collaboration with the University of Alaska BLaST program. The line of investigation formulated for the workshop was an open-ended question that led the students to establish a proof of concept in terms of technology deployment at sea: what will show metagenomic results from DNA obtained from sea water and sequenced with Oxford Nanopore MinION? The workshop took place in October 2018 while Research Vessel Sikuliaq sailed the Alaskans seas for 7 days. Students successfully used nanopore sequencing for multiple metagenomic seawater samples. Their introductory analysis was consistent with environmental conditions and they were able to present their results by the end of the workshop.
Evaluation of Muhammadiyah Waqf Assets Utilization in Magelang Regency
Authors: Medias Fahmi , Pratiwi Eko Kurniasih
Published: October 2019

This article aims to evaluate the utilization of Muhammadiyah waqf assets in Magelang Regency and to analyze the supporting and inhibiting factors in utilizing the assets. This research is expected to become a framework or model for nazhir waqf, which in this case are Muhammadiyah Leaders in Magelang Regency, either from regional/regency level, branch/district level, village, and Muhammadiyah business, in managing and utilizing the waqf assets. The data for this research was collected by in-depth interview, observation on the waqf assets and documentation study, which was then analyzed qualitatively. The result showed that Muhammadiyah leaders of Magelang regency were able to collect waqf assets in form cash of Rp. 156.000.000, - and 415 plots of land spread over 21 sub districts in Magelang regency. The collected assets then were used in developing the field of worship by 20.75%, health by 3.6% and education by 49.55% and social by 26.13%.  The utilization of waqf assets had not been aimed at productive sector in the community’s economy and most of them were led to consumptive sector. It was caused by the lack of socialization of nazhir waqf to the community and the community’s perspective that considers waqf was only in consumptive form.
Does Islamic Religiosity Influence Female Muslim Fashion Trend Purchase Intention? An Extended of Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors: Riptiono Sulis
Published: October 2019

In this article we examine the effect of the variable Islamic Religiosity toward consumer purchase intention on Muslim fashion trends by using the extended of theory of planned behavior as the grand of the theory. Respondents in this study were female Muslim in Central Java, Indonesia. Data collected using purposive sampling and analysis tool used in this study is path analysis. The results showed that all hypotheses were accepted except hypotheses three. Subjective norms have the most influence on the intention to buy female Muslim fashion trends. Subjective norm variables have a significant effect on consumer attitudes and consumer purchase intentions on female Muslim fashion trends. Other findings state that the variable of Islamic religiosity does not have a significant effect on female Muslim purchase intention directly, but the Islamic religiosity variable indirectly influence toward female Muslim purchase intentions through consumer attitudes variables. Whereas for Perceived behavioral control variables have a positive effect on consumer purchase intention.

Keyword: Islamic Religiosity, Theory of Planned Behavior, Female Muslim Fashion Trend, Purchase Intention
Efficacy of Multimodal Analgesic Injections in Operatively Treated Ankle Fractures
Authors: Hancock Kyle John , Rice Olivia M. , Anthony Chris A. , Glass Natalie , Hogue Matthew , Karam Matthew , Marsh J. Lawrence , Willey Michael C.
Published: October 2019

Background:

Pain management following surgical treatment of an ankle fracture is an under-studied area of clinical practice. The present study evaluated the efficacy of a multimodal surgical-site injection as an adjunct to postoperative pain management in patients with an operatively treated, closed, rotational ankle fracture.

Methods:

Patients indicated for operative fixation of a rotational ankle fracture were randomized to receive multimodal surgical-site injection (ropivacaine 200 mg, epinephrine 0.6 mg, and morphine 5 mg) or no injection (control). Visual analog scale (VAS) pain and opioid consumption data were collected every 4 hours until discharge from the hospital. Length of stay and discharge destination were recorded. Patients were sent automated text messages to report VAS pain and opioid usage during the first 2 weeks after discharge.

Results:

One hundred patients (49 injection and 51 control) were enrolled. Demographic data were similar between the 2 groups. Mean VAS scores over the first 24 and 48 hours postoperatively were slightly lower in the injection group (42 ± 3 and 41 ± 3, respectively) compared with the control group (52 ± 3 and 50 ± 3, respectively; p = 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively). The median opioid usage, in terms of morphine equivalent dose, was similar over the first 24 hours between the injection group (25.5; range, 0 to 74.7) and the control group (28.3; range, 2.5 to 91.0; p = 0.35). The median opioid usage from recovery room admission to discharge was also similar between the injection group (29.0; range, 0 to 85.3) and the control group (32.7; range, 4.3 to 215.0; p = 0.35). There were no differences in outpatient VAS scores or opioid consumption during the first 2 weeks postoperatively as assessed with use of automated text messaging. Median length of stay was 22.3 hours (range, 1.7 to 182.3 hours) for the injection group and 22.5 hours (range, 2.2 to 123.3 hours) for the control group (p = 0.71). The response rate for the post-discharge automated text messages was 85.1%. Complication rates were similar.

Conclusions:

The use of multimodal surgical-site injections in operatively treated rotational ankle fractures is associated with a reduction in immediate in-hospital pain scores that is statistically significant but below the minimal clinically important difference.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes After Surgical Treatment of Proximal Humeral Fractures with Head-Split Component
Authors: Peters Paulina-Maria , Plachel Fabian , Danzinger Victor , Novi Michele , Märdian Sven , Scheibel Markus , Moroder Philipp
Published: October 2019

Background:

Head-split fractures are a subgroup of proximal humeral fractures in which the fracture line affects the articular surface. Limited data are available regarding outcomes and risk factors for failure following surgical treatment of this rare fracture type.

Methods:

Of 45 patients with head-split fractures identified, a total of 30 (67%) were included in this retrospective study, with a mean follow-up of 49 ± 18 months (range, 12 to 83 months). Of those 30, 24 were treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), 4 with reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA), and 2 with hemiarthroplasty. Subjective Shoulder Value, Simple Shoulder Test, Constant score, and biplanar radiographs were assessed. Fracture pattern, quality of reduction, eventual complications, revision procedures, and clinical failure (adjusted Constant score < 40) were analyzed, and risk factors for failure were calculated.

Results:

The overall complication rate was 83% (ORIF: 21 of 24 [88%]; RTSA: 3 of 4 [75%]; and hemiarthroplasty: 1 of 2 [50%]). The most common complications following ORIF were humeral head osteonecrosis (42%), malunion of the lesser tuberosity (33%), and screw protrusion (29%), whereas all complications following RTSA were related to tuberosity problems. Revision was performed in 7 of 24 (29%) of initial ORIF patients, and no revisions were performed in RTSA or hemiarthroplasty patients. Four patients (17%) who underwent primary ORIF underwent conversion to RTSA, and 3 patients (12.5%) had screw removal due to penetration. The overall clinical failure rate was 50% (ORIF: 12 of 24 [50%]; RTSA: 1 of 4 [25%]; and hemiarthroplasty: 2 of 2 [100%]). No significant association was found between preoperative factors and clinical failure. ORIF and primary RTSA showed higher average clinical outcome scores than primary hemiarthroplasty and secondary RTSA. In general, patients who required revision had worse Subjective Shoulder Value (p = 0.014), Simple Shoulder Test (p = 0.028), and adjusted Constant scores (p = 0.069).

Conclusions:

Head-split fractures of the humerus treated with ORIF showed high complication and revision rates. RTSA resulted in comparable clinical outcomes and complication rates; however, the complications associated with RTSA were mostly related to tuberosity problems, which in this small series did not require revision. Therefore, RTSA may be the most predictable treatment option for head-split fractures in elderly patients.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete list of levels of evidence.
Natural Language Processing for the Identification of Surgical Site Infections in Orthopaedics
Authors: Thirukumaran Caroline P. , Zaman Anis , Rubery Paul T. , Calabria Casey , Li Yue , Ricciardi Benjamin F. , Bakhsh Wajeeh R. , Kautz Henry
Published: October 2019

Background:

The identification of surgical site infections for infection surveillance in hospitals depends on the manual abstraction of medical records and, for research purposes, depends mainly on the use of administrative or claims data. The objective of this study was to determine whether automating the abstraction process with natural language processing (NLP)-based models that analyze the free-text notes of the medical record can identify surgical site infections with predictive abilities that match the manual abstraction process and that surpass surgical site infection identification from administrative data.

Methods:

We used surgical site infection surveillance data compiled by the infection prevention team to identify surgical site infections among patients undergoing orthopaedic surgical procedures at a tertiary care academic medical center from 2011 to 2017. We compiled a list of keywords suggestive of surgical site infections, and we used NLP to identify occurrences of these keywords and their grammatical variants in the free-text notes of the medical record. The key outcome was a binary indicator of whether a surgical site infection occurred. We estimated 7 incremental multivariable logistic regression models using a combination of administrative and NLP-derived variables. We split the analytic cohort into training (80%) and testing data sets (20%), and we used a tenfold cross-validation approach. The main analytic cohort included 172 surgical site infection cases and 200 controls that were repeatedly and randomly selected from a pool of 1,407 controls.

Results:

For Model 1 (variables from administrative data only), the sensitivity was 68% and the positive predictive value was 70%; for Model 4 (with NLP 5-grams [distinct sequences of 5 contiguous words] from the medical record), the sensitivity was 97% and the positive predictive value was 97%; and for Model 7 (a combination of Models 1 and 4), the sensitivity was 97% and the positive predictive value was 97%. Thus, NLP-based models identified 97% of surgical site infections identified by manual abstraction with high precision and 43% more surgical site infections compared with models that used administrative data only.

Conclusions:

Models that used NLP keywords achieved predictive abilities that were comparable with the manual abstraction process and were superior to models that used administrative data only. NLP has the potential to automate and aid accurate surgical site infection identification and, thus, play an important role in their prevention.

Clinical Relevance:

This study examines NLP’s potential to automate the identification of surgical site infections. This automation can potentially aid the prevention and early identification of these surgical complications, thereby reducing their adverse clinical and economic impact.