bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Radiological Perspectives on Mesenteric Compression: Case Reports and Treatment Approaches
Authors:   Department of General Surgery, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, Zaid Mohamed H. , Abo El-Naga Mohamed Ahmed , Elsaid Kamal
Published: August 2024

Introduction: A uncommon condition known as superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS) can clog the duodenum. Twelve individuals who had laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy to treat SMAS are examined in this study. Patients & Methods: We are analyzing data of twelve patients (3 males and 9 females) underwent laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy for SMAS, one of them underwent laparoscopic antrectomy with Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy from NOV 2020 to FEB 2023, with mean age 23.3 years. Results: Twelve patients (3 males and 9 females) were included with mean age 23.3 years. The most common cause was idiopathic in 58.3%. Abdominal pain (91.66%), nausea and vomiting (83.33%) and weight loss (66.6%) were the most frequent symptoms. The mean preoperative BMI was 16.06±2.3. The mean aortomesenteric angle was 15.8±4.6. All patients underwent laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy except one patient who underwent laparoscopic antrectomy with Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy with no conversion to open surgery. Conclusion: Superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS) is a rare entity that need high suspicious for diagnosis especially in females with low BMI with upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Surgical management is the treatment of choice to improve symptoms and quality of life.
Quality Analysis of Grade 6 Literacy and Numeracy End-of-Semester Exam Questions Based on Classical Test Theory
Authors:   Universitas Muria Kudus, Prasetyani Kusumaningrum , Ati Luri Laras ,   Universitas Muria Kudus, Rondli Wawan Shokib ,   Universitas Muria Kudus, Kanzunnudin Mohammad ,   Universitas Muria Kudus
Published: August 2024

This study aims to analyze the quality of literacy and numeracy end-of-semester exam questions for grade 6 SD Negeri 3 Pojok, Tawangharjo sub-district based on Classical Test Theory. The research method used is quantitative by analyzing the validity, reliability, difficulty level, and differentiating power of the questions. The research sample consisted of 10 6th grade students of SD Negeri 3 Pojok. The data was collected through documentation of student answer sheets in the final semester exam. Data analysis was conducted using Anates program. The results showed that out of 30 items, there were 22 valid questions and 8 invalid questions. The reliability coefficient of the question is 0.82 which is included in the high category. The level of difficulty of the questions consisted of 10 easy questions, 15 medium questions, and 5 difficult questions. The differentiating power of the questions consisted of 5 bad questions, 10 fair questions, 10 good questions, and 5 excellent questions. It can be concluded that the quality of literacy and numeracy end-of-semester exam questions for grade 6 of SD Negeri 3 Pojok, Tawangharjo sub-district is classified as good based on Classical Test Theory.
Optimalisasi Pembelajaran Matematika Untuk Siswa Autis Di Lingkungan Sekolah Dasar Negeri
Authors:   Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Subagyo Roni Agus , Masruroh Ummie ,   Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Dewi Intan Kumala ,   Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Minsih Minsih ,   Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Ernawati Ernawati ,   Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mndeskripsikan optimalisasi pembelajaran matematika untuk siswa autis di sekolah dasar negeri. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus di SDN 01 Bolong Karanganyar dengan subjek penelitian terdiri dari 1 siswa autis yang berada di kelas 4, Guru kelas 4, serta 1 orang tua siswa. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif dan analisis dokumen. Data yang diperoleh dari wawancara, observasi, dan analisis dokumen dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis tematik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran matematika yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan anak autis dapat meningkatkan kemampuan mereka dalam memahami konsep-konsep dasar matematika. Pendekatan yang inklusif, penggunaan berbagai strategi pembelajaran, serta peran aktif orang tua dan guru sangat penting dalam mendukung keberhasilan pembelajaran anak autis.
System multi-scale analysis of temperature control for spaceborne electronic devices
Authors: Li Xin-Ze , Tang Gui-Hua , Wang Zi-Han , Feng Jian-Chao , Zhang Xiao-Feng ,   MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China,   Innovation Academy for Microsatellites of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201304, China
Published: August 2024

To improve the simulation resolution and accuracy in thermal analysis of spaceborne electronic devices and the temperature control performance of passive thermal control devices, a system multi-scale model is established, thereby obtaining the temperature field and heat flux of electronic devices inside the satellite on different scales as illustrated in the below figure. The temperature fluctuation mechanism inside the satellite is analyzed on different physical scales. The thermal analysis resolution of spaceborne electronic equipment is improved, and a method to reduce the power fluctuation of spaceborne equipment is proposed based on the results of system multi-scale thermal analysis.

The results indicate that the accuracy deviation between the multi-scale model of the system and the actual model is less than 9%. However, the system multi-scale model saves 99.67% of the mesh generation time, which greatly improves the computation efficiency. The system multi-scale model can capture the thermal information about device-level chip microstructures at a lower computational cost. The system-level model can evaluate the temperature control and insulation performance of passive thermal control materials on a macroscale. The temperature fluctuation amplitude of the platform compartment is 7.95 K, while the temperature fluctuation amplitude of the load compartment decreases to 2.43 K after the temperature of the composite phase change insulation material has been controlled, which is 69.43% lower than that of the platform compartment. Compared with traditional vacuum insulation panels, the composite phase change materials are very superior in controlling the temperature of the chamber and suppressing temperature fluctuations. The temperature fluctuation signal after being insulated by the composite phase change insulation materials shows a characteristic of shifting to the high-frequency domain. After selecting the cabins that require key insulation and temperature control through multiple regression analysis, a simplified model at device level is employed to obtain temperature fields under different thermal control device layouts as a training dataset. A neural network genetic algorithm is used to predict the optimal installation position of passive thermal control device on the device scale and a thermal control layout scheme is obtained, which reduces the maximum temperature fluctuation of the device by 2.74 K. If the temperature uniformity coefficient is taken as the optimization goal, the temperature of each device on PCB board can be reduced to 14.39% of the average temperature of all devices through optimizations.
Dynamics and impurity spectral characteristics of coaxial gun discharge plasma
Authors: Qi Liang-Wen , Du Man-Qiang , Wen Xiao-Dong , Song Jian , Yan Hui-Jie ,   School of Mathematics and Physics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China,   Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Published: August 2024

The coaxial gun discharge can produce plasma jet with high velocity, high density and high energy density, and has extensive applications, such as in plasma space propulsion, simulation of the interaction between edge local mode and wall materials in ITER, fuel injection in magnetic confinement fusion devices, and laboratory astrophysics. In the pre-filled discharge mode or snowplow mode, the plasma current sheet is formed near the insulating layer surface and moves toward the end of the coaxial gun under Lorentz force. Plasma velocity, density and purity characteristics are very important research contents for the actual applications of coaxial gun. Emission spectrometry as a non-interference method can be used to diagnose a variety of plasma physical properties.

In this experiment, the effects of different discharge currents and gas pressures on the plasma dynamics, electron density and impurity emission spectra of coaxial gun discharge plasma are studied through the measurement of plasma photocurrent, emission spectra and the shooting of discharge images. The experimental results show that the acceleration time of the plasma in the gun decreases with current increasing in a range of 30–70 kA when the gas pressure is 10 Pa, the spectral intensity of anode and cathode impurities in plasma increase with current amplitude increasing. When the discharge current is 40 kA and the gas pressure is in a range of 10–70 Pa, the acceleration time of plasma increases with gas pressure rising, and the spectral intensity of the cathode impurity in the plasma decreases with the pressure increasing, while the spectral intensity of the anode impurity increases gradually, but its growth rate decreases continuously. The analysis indicates that the presence of metallic impurities originating from the electrode material limits the jet velocity of the plasma and is the main cause of the deviation from theoretical value. The plasma pinch effect at the nozzle of coaxial gun and the acceleration time of high-density arc in the gun are important factors affecting anode ablation. The impurity of cathode material is produced by ion bombardment sputtering, which mainly depends on the energy carried by ions. Therefore, a reasonable choice for discharge parameters is the key factor to obtain optimal plasma characteristics during the discharge of the coaxial gun.
Irreproducibility of transgenerational learned pathogen-aversion response in C. elegans
Authors: Patrick Gainey D , Shubin Andrey V , Hunter Craig P
Published: August 2024

Here we report our attempt to replicate reports of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance in
Caenorhabditis elegans
. Published results from multiple laboratories show that
C. elegans
adults and their F1 embryos exposed to the pathogen
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
show pathogen aversion behavior and a pathogen exposure-dependent increase in
daf-7/TGF
β reporter gene expression. However, results from one group show persistence of the aversion behavior and elevated
daf-7
expression in the F2, F3, and F4 generations. In contrast, we failed to consistently detect either the pathogen avoidance response or elevated
daf-7
expression beyond the F1 generation. The experimental methods are well-described, the source materials are readily available, including samples from the reporting laboratory, and we explored a variety of environmental conditions likely to account for lab-to-lab variability. None of these adjustments altered our results. Thus, we conclude that this example of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance lacks the robustness required for reliable experimental replication and investigation.
sisterless A is required for activation of Sex lethal in the Drosophila germline
Authors: Goyal Raghav , Baxter Ellen , Van Doren Mark
Published: August 2024

Both somatic cells and germ cells must establish their correct sexual identity for proper gametogenesis. In
Drosophila,
sex determination in somatic cells is controlled by the switch gene
Sex lethal
(
Sxl
), which is activated in females by the presence of two X chromosomes. Though germline sex determination is much less well understood,
Sxl
is also essential for the female identity in germ cells. Loss of
Sxl
function in the germline results in ovarian germline tumors, a characteristic of male germ cells developing in a female soma. Further,
Sxl
expression is sufficient for XY (male) germ cells to produce eggs when transplanted into XX (female) somatic gonads. As in the soma, the presence of two X chromosomes activates
Sxl
in the germline, but the mechanism for “counting” X chromosomes in the germline is thought to be different from the soma. Here we have explored this mechanism at both
cis
- and
trans-
levels. Our data support the model that the
Sxl
“establishment” promoter (
SxlPE
) is activated in a female-specific manner in the germline, as in the soma, but that the timing of
SxlPE
activation, and the DNA elements that regulate
SxlPE,
are different in the germline. Nevertheless, we find that the X chromosome gene
sisterless A (sisA),
which helps activate
Sxl
in the soma, is also essential for
Sxl
activation in the germline. Loss of
sisA
leads causes of Sxl expression in the germline, and to ovarian tumors and germline loss. These defects can be rescued by Sxl expression, demonstrating that
sisA
lies upstream of
Sxl
in germline sex determination. We conclude that
sisA
acts as an X chromosome counting element in both the soma and the germline, but that additional factors regulating female-specific expression of
Sxl
in the germline remain to be discovered.
Different coexistence patterns between apex carnivores and mesocarnivores based on temporal, spatial, and dietary niche partitioning analysis in Qilian Mountain National Park, China
Authors: Cong Wei , Li Jia , Hacker Charlotte , Li Ye , Zhang Yu , Jin Lixiao , Zhang Yi , Li Diqiang , Xue Yadong , Zhang Yuguang
Published: August 2024

Carnivores play key roles in maintaining ecosystem structure and function as well as ecological processes. Understanding how sympatric species coexist in natural ecosystems is a central research topic in community ecology and biodiversity conservation. In this study, we explored intra- and interspecific niche partitioning along spatial, temporal, and dietary niche partitioning between apex carnivores (wolf
Canis lupus
, snow leopard
Panthera uncia
, Eurasian lynx
Lynx lynx
) and mesocarnivores (Pallas’s cat
Otocolobus manul
, red fox
Vulpes vulpes
, Tibetan fox
Vulpes ferrilata
) in Qilian Mountain National Park, China using camera trapping data and DNA metabarcoding sequencing data. Our study showed that apex carnivore species had more overlap temporally (coefficients of interspecific overlap ranging from 0.661 to 0.900) or trophically (Pianka’s index ranging from 0.458 to 0.892), mesocarnivore species had high dietary overlap with each other (Pianka’s index ranging from 0.945 to 0.997), and apex carnivore and mesocarnivore species had high temporal overlap (coefficients of interspecific overlap ranging from 0.497 to 0.855). Large dietary overlap was observed between wolf and snow leopard (Pianka’s index=0.892) and Pallas’s cat and Tibetan fox (Pianka’s index=0.997), suggesting the potential for increased resource competition for these species pairs. We concluded that spatial niche partitioning is likely to key driver in facilitating the coexistence of apex carnivore species, while spatial and temporal niche partitioning likely facilitate the coexistence of mesocarnivore species, and spatial and dietary niche partitioning facilitate the coexistence between apex and mesocarnivore species. Our findings consider partitioning across temporal, spatial and dietary dimensions while examining diverse coexistence patterns of carnivore species in Qilian Mountain National Park, China. These findings will contribute substantially to current understanding of carnivore guilds and effective conservation management in fragile alpine ecosystems.
Recording γ-secretase activity in living mouse brains
Authors: Hou Steven S , Ikegawa Yuya , Kwon Yeseo , Wieckiewicz Natalia , Houser Mei CQ , Lundin Brianna , Bacskai Brian J , Berezovska Oksana , Maesako Masato
Published: August 2024

γ-Secretase plays a pivotal role in the central nervous system. Our recent development of genetically encoded Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensors has enabled the spatiotemporal recording of γ-secretase activity on a cell-by-cell basis in live neurons
in culture
. Nevertheless, how γ-secretase activity is regulated
in vivo
remains unclear. Here we employ the near-infrared (NIR) C99 720-670 biosensor and NIR confocal microscopy to quantitatively record γ-secretase activity in individual neurons in living mouse brains. Intriguingly, we uncovered that γ-secretase activity may influence the activity of γ-secretase in neighboring neurons, suggesting a potential “cell non-autonomous” regulation of γ-secretase in mouse brains. Given that γ-secretase plays critical roles in important biological events and various diseases, our new assay
in vivo
would become a new platform that enables dissecting the essential roles of γ-secretase in normal health and diseases.
Predicting student success in MOOCs: a comprehensive analysis using machine learning models
Authors: Althibyani Hosam A.
Published: August 2024

Background

This study was motivated by the increasing popularity of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) and the challenges they face, such as high dropout and failure rates. The existing knowledge primarily focused on predicting student dropout, but this study aimed to go beyond that by predicting both student dropout and course results. By using machine learning models and analyzing various data sources, the study sought to improve our understanding of factors influencing student success in MOOCs.

Objectives

The primary aim of this research was to develop accurate predictions of students’ course outcomes in MOOCs, specifically whether they would pass or fail. Unlike previous studies, this study took into account demographic, assessment, and student interaction data to provide comprehensive predictions.

Methods

The study utilized demographic, assessment, and student interaction data to develop predictive models. Two machine learning methods, logistic regression, and random forest classification were employed to predict students’ course outcomes. The accuracy of the models was evaluated based on four-class classification (predicting four possible outcomes) and two-class classification (predicting pass or fail).

Results and Conclusions

The study found that simple indicators, such as a student’s activity level on a given day, could be as effective as more complex data combinations or personal information in predicting student success. The logistic regression model achieved an accuracy of 72.1% for four-class classification and 92.4% for 2-class classification, while the random forest classifier achieved an accuracy of 74.6% for four-class classification and 95.7% for two-class classification. These findings highlight the potential of machine learning models in predicting and understanding students’ course outcomes in MOOCs, offering valuable insights for improving student engagement and success in online learning environments.
Changes of Tamarix austromongolica forests with embankment dams along the Laizhou bay
Authors: Yang Hongxiao , Liu Fangfang , Liu Xinwei , Zhou Zhenfeng , Pan Yanxia , Chu Jianmin
Published: August 2024

Background

Embankment dams were built south of the Laizhou bay in China for controlling storm surge disasters, but they are not enough to replace coastal forests in protecting the land. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of embankment dams on natural forests dominated by Tamarix austromongolica and test whether the dam-shrub system is a preferable updated defense.

Methods

Coastal forests on two typical flats, one before and one behind embankment dams, were investigated using quadrats and lines. Land bareness, vegetation composition and species co-occurrence were assessed; structures of T. austromongolica populations were evaluated; and spatial patterns of the populations were analyzed using Ripley’s K and K1,2 functions.

Results

In the area before embankment dams, 84.8% of T. austromongolica were juveniles (basal diameter ≤ 3 cm), and 15.2% were adults (basal diameter > 3 cm); behind the dams, 52.9% were juveniles, and 47.1 were adults. In the area before the dams, the land bareness was 13.7%, four species occurred, and they all were ready to co-occur with T. austromongolica; behind the dams, the land bareness was 0%, and 16 species occurred whereas they somewhat resisted co-occurrence with T. austromongolica. In the area before the dams, the T. austromongolica population was aggregated in heterogeneous patches, and the juveniles tended to co-occur with the adults; behind the dams, they were over-dispersed as nearly uniform distributions, while the juveniles could recruit and were primarily independent of the adults. These results indicate that the T. austromongolica species did not suffer from the unnatural dams, but benefited somehow in population expansion and development. Overall, the T. austromongolica species can adapt to artificial embankment dams to create a synthetic defense against storm surges.
Emission Trading Schemes(ETS) in India: An Overview.
Authors: Hazra Nanda Dual
Published: August 2024

All we are facing the problems of global warming caused by excess emission of GHGs in the atmosphere. Out of three flexible mechanisms as suggested by the Kyoto Protocol,Emission Trading System (ETS) is the most important tool to fight global warming. In this backdrop this study tries to identify the present status of Emission Trading Scheme in India and the advantages and disadvantages oftheETS.The study is descriptive in natureand based on secondary data. From the study it is found that India has successfully introduced the Perform, Achieve and Trade (PAT) scheme to increase energy efficiency in high energy consumed industries in a phased manner from 2012.Now, India has launched world first ever particulate pollution scheme on pilot basis in Surat in 2019 to reduce air pollution in the city caused by different industries. ETS has different advantages like certainty in emission reduction, flexibilityin selection of different alternatives etc. On the other hands ETS has also different disadvantages like high transaction cost, complexity of the scheme, free rider problems.
Evaluation of effect of pig productionto the environmentin Enugu State, Nigeria.
Authors: Ume S I , Uloh EV , Onyeke A C , Nwose D I
Published: August 2024

The research was aimed at accessingthe effect of pig production to the environmental effect in Enugu State, Nigeria. A total of sixty (60) farmers were selected using purposive and multi stage random sampling techniques. Structured questionnaire and oral interview were used to collect information on the objectives of the study. Percentages responses, probit analysis, multinomial logit models and factor analysiswere used to capture the objectives of the study.. The resultsshowedthat most of the respondentswere aged, educated, had large household size and member of organizations. The effect of pig production on the environment were odour, noise, flies, dust, mosquitoes and rodents. The pig management technologies adopted by the farmers were proper housing, proper manure disposal; precision feed management and proper disposal of animal carcass.The waste disposal methods employed by pig farmers were open lagoons, dumping in the farm, heap waste and burn and store in bag. The result of probit analysis of technologies adoption showed that in all the variables considered,only the coefficientsof age, extension services,membership of organization and off –farm income activities that were positive. As well, the analysis of the choice of adopting of the management technologies against environmental hazards using multinomial logit regression, showed that only rearing experience and extension services were positive .Finally, poor access to credit, poor housing, extension services, disease problem, drug, high costs of labour and location of veterinary posts in the urban area were the major challenges faced by farmers in the study area. There is need to ensure farmers’ access to credit, extension services, membership of organization and off farm income activities
Assessment of Bacteriological Quality of Drinking Water from Various Sources in TukarahTown,NE Libya
Authors: Al-sbaihy Yosra M. , Bumadian Mohamed M. , Bozakouk Ismaeel H. , Bleibo Ali M. , Alteerah Munay Abdulqadir , Hanan Ishtiwi IL Fergani
Published: August 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluatedrinking water quality in 21water sourcescategorizedin three levels. Samples of water were collected from each source for bacteriological examination. The results show there was a significant difference between the three levels 1, 2,and 3 for total coliform and fecal coliform bacteria with p-values (0.026) and (0.003) respectively. Presence of total coliform and fecal coliform bacteria were not reported from level 3and was zero MPN per 100 ml. However, the high contamination by total coliform and fecal coliform bacteria were observed in samples collectedfrom levels 1 and 2, these were in the range of2to 350 MPN/100 ml, 2to 26 MPN/100 ml respectively. On the other hand, the biochemical identification process using Phoenix identified technique for the six isolated strains as Cedecea lapagel(DW4), Citrobacter freundii(DW9), Ochrobacterum anthroi(DW10) Pseudomonas aeruginosa(S10), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia(DW4) and Streptococcus anginosus(DW2), with confidence value identities of 90%, 99%, 90%, 95%, 99% and 91% respectively. The findings showed that water from levels 1 and 2 did not conform to the world health organization (WHO) standard in terms of suitability for drinking purpose.
Influence of Moringa oleifera and Senna occidentalis leaf meal composite mixture as alternative to antibiotics on the growth, nutrient digestibility, costs and returns of broiler chickens.
Authors: Omoikhoje S.O. , Akindele R.O. , Hadome J.U. , Mutana F.Z.
Published: August 2024

This study was conducted to assess the effect of Moringaoleiferaleaf meal (MOLM) and Senna occidentalisleafmeal (SOLM) composite mixture on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, costs and returnsof broiler chickens. One hundred and fifty (150) day-old Cobbbroiler chicks were randomly allotted to five (5) treatment groups(T1, T2, T3,T4and T5) in a completely randomized design (CRD). Each treatment group contained three (3) replicates with ten (10) birds per replicateand the feeding triallasted for 8 weeks (56days). The experimental treatment included thecontrol (maize –soya bean meal basal dietwith oxytetracyline administered to the birds through drinking water) as T1,T2(same basal diet was mixed with 0.5% MOLM + 2.0% SOLM), T3(same basal diet was added with 1.0% MOLM + 1.5% SOLM), T4(same basal diet was added with 1.5% MOLM + 1.0% SOLM) and T5(same basal diet was mixed with 2.0% MOLM + 0.5% SOLM).There was no effect of treatments on the live weight, daily weight gain and feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of broiler chickens at the starter phase. At the finisher phase, live weight, daily weight gain and feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were better in broiler chickens that had 1.5% MOLM + 1.0% SOLM (T4) compared to other treatments.Apparent digestible dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre, ash, ether extract and nitrogen free extract (NFE) of broiler chickens were better in MOLM and SOLM mixture than those on the control.The cost incurredper kilogramme weight gain, total cost of production, income and net profit were lower in birds on MOLM and SOLM blend compared to those on the control group.Conclusively, the combination of Moringa oleifera and Senna occidentalisleaf meal was beneficial inimproving the growth performance, nutrient utilization and economic value of broiler chickens.
Food and medicinal properties of hibiscus (Hibiscus sabdariffa& Hibiscus rosa-sinensis).
Authors: Suprabha Dey , Avilash Roy , Paul Ankit , Saha Neha , Tarafdar Anupama , Mazumder Saikat
Published: August 2024

This study is based on the cultivation and scope of Hibiscus species, namely,Hibiscus rosa-Sinensis and Hibiscus sabdariffa.The objective wasto find out the history of the production of Hibiscus, usage in different centuries, the most suitable regions for cultivation in India, various nutritive content, different health-related properties and benefits,new products that had been introduced, and abstract on what future may hold for the flowers.The study contains information on the antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-cancerous properties along with several benefitslike hypolipidemic effect, blood pressure-lowering effect, anti-diabetic activity, effect on lipid metabolism, antihypertensive effect,etc on the concerned flower.We have looked intothe limitation of the flower, the need forurgent preservation methods to extend the shelf life of the product.As per our findings roselle leaves are used for their, antimicrobial, emollient, antipyretic, diuretic, anti-helminthic, sedative properties and as a soothing cough remedy
Efficacy of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles using Leaf extract of Melia azedarach against Spodoptera frugiperda(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).
Authors: Velu Rajkumar Sekar , Nallaiyan Alaguchamy
Published: August 2024

The present investigation was carried out tothe study ofbiosynthesized AgNPs using leaf extracts ofM.azedarachin S.frugiperda. The UVspectrum of the aqueous medium containing silver nanoparticles showed an absorption peak at around400nm.FTIR was performed to identify the functional groups relatedto different chemical compounds.XRD pattern confirmed the formation of nanocrystals innature.SEM hasbeen used to investigate the morphology of prepared AgNPs.Thirdinstarlarvae were exposed to differentconcentrations of synthesized AgNPs for 24 hrs. The highest mortality was observed inaqueousextract andsynthesized AgNPs againstthirdinstars larvae of S.frugiperdaof LC50 and LC90 values of 36.83(28.05-57.78), 85.71(55.65-425.73) and 25.44(18.27-33.60), 58.65(41.82-143.87) respectively.The silver nanoparticle wasfound to larvicidal activity against S.frugiperda.
Sustainable shipping through alternate fuels and renewable technology.
Authors: Sarma Jishnu S , Vinod Athul , Ann Mary , Sunil Kumar P.G.
Published: August 2024

The present use of fossil fuels for maritime applications is environmentally disastrous, and calls for decarbonization processes. A shift from existing energy technologies is essential since they prove to be an inefficient methodology towardcarbon free environment. This necessitates the need of alternate ideology for achieving the same. Maritime authorities such as International Maritime Organization (IMO) in conjunction with classification societies like Det Norske Veritas (DNV GL), American Bureau of Shipping (ABS), BureauVeritas (BV), Lloyd’s Register (LR) etc. work on various techniques to bring out efficient strategies to create a possible outlook. The 75thsession of the Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) of IMO stipulatesa 50% reduction of GHGs, to be achieved by 2050 through sustainable shipping compared to 2008. The latest mandate by regulatory agencies is the stepping stone towards sustainable shipping across the globe. The focus has now deviated to renewable energy alternatives such as solar energy, wind energy, zero emission fuels etc, with the ultimate goal of developinga ship into a sustainable entity, which would not only comply with the new environmental regulations but would also result in least possible carbon emissions. India’s first solar ferryAditya, wind propelled ship developed by Wallenium Marine etc are the leading milestones in sustainable shipping. Along with alternate fuels, efficient design alternatives like cross bow, hull vane, flettner rotor etc contribute to energy efficient operation. Various researches are in progress around the globe to develop more and more efficient technologies to accomplish the targets
Factors influencing consumers' preferences for sustainable banking
Authors: Gupta Manisha , Sharma Shagun , Ujjawal Nishtha Ujjawal
Published: August 2024

Expanding urbanization and evolving patterns of consumption both represent significant threats to the maintenance of ecological equilibrium. Because people's wasteful consumption patterns are the primary cause of rising carbon emissions, these patterns must be modified. In the meanwhile, customers are becoming more knowledgeable about the challenges that our world is facing. In this investigation, we built and validated a theoretical framework to identify what drives consumers to engage in environmentally responsible banking practices. Evaluating the results of surveys that were sent out to consumers was one of the methods. This research examines how TPB (the theory of planned Behavior) operates and its environmental effects. A cross-sectional survey was administered to 400 Indian bank clients to gather information. Using Structural equation modeling, Partial least squares evaluation of the research model was performed (P.L.S.). The data demonstrate that how TPB organizes its operations significantly impacts its customers. There was a high correlation between user feedback on usability and environmental Consciousness. It was also shown that concern about the environment significantly impacts how individuals behave. These findings have implications for management and theory and set the stage for future study.
Utilization of red banana peel as a functional ingredient in beef patties.
Authors: Kuzhiyengal Sakkeer Hussain
Published: August 2024

The study was conducted to develop a functional meat product from beef in the form of patties by the incorporation of the peel of red banana (Musa acuminata) (Chenkathali) as antioxidant and functional ingredient. In the study, the selected functional sources viz. red banana peel was incorporated at different levels as 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% by weight of the emulsion, in the formulation of pre-standardized beef patties. Shelf life studies were conducted during the intervals 0th, 2nd,4th and 6th days. Results showed that red banana peel had the ability to reduce TBARS and Tyrosine values which indicates as reduced lipid oxidation and protein degradation. Sensory evaluation indicated good acceptable patties with acceptable attributes. The sensory and physico-chemical properties, beef patties incorporated with 7.5 % red banana peel were comparable to control and it was adjudged as the optimum level for incorporation as a source of dietary fibre and functional source.
Tetronic acid and tetramic acid derived pesticides and their toxicity: a review
Authors: Hussain Shariq , Gaur Madhavi
Published: August 2024

Pesticides are a group of chemicals that have brought a remarkable change in agricultural deeds by refining quality and production of crops, but their toxic behavior towards organisms has always been a major worry. From past few years,global attention has increased many times in this context and several new insecticides have been introduced by different agencies to combat this issue. The damage caused by pests is always in focus so that new pesticides with improved action can be formed with least toxicity. Tetronic and Tetramic acid derived pesticides have arisen as new pesticides with a flexible mode of action by acting as acaricides, there by obstructing acetyl CoA carboxylase in lipid biosynthesis. These insecticides include tetronic acid derivatives like Spiromesifen, Spirodiclofen and tetramic acid derivatives like Spirotetramat and Spiropidion. Although these pesticides have arisen a new hope to deal with pests like whiteflies and mites but their toxic nature can’t be ignored. So in this review we would like to highlight the main toxic targets of these newly introduced pesticides so as awareness can be generated for rational use of pesticides.
Rat modeling and uric acid sustainability in hyperuricemic rats caused by potassium – oxonate
Authors: Verma Smriti , Dr. Sameer S. Nadgauda  , Dr. Pallavi Khatavkar
Published: August 2024

Hyperuricaemia is an important risk factor of CKD , metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. We aimed to assess that for how much time uric acid levels sustains in wistar rats. A hyperuricemia mouse model was to be established by potassium oxonate (PO) administered by oral gavage and by intraperitoneal injections. In hyperuricemia rats, serum uric acid levelsincreased but not significantly after oral administration for 7 days but administering PO intraperitoneally serum uric acid levels increased significantly after 1 hour but again returned within normal range after 2 hours. This paper presents method suitable for experimental hyperuricemia mouse model and shows the time feature of uric acid sustainability
Opportunities of community capacity building on ornamental fisheries in India
Authors: Sariga P.K. , Sekharan N Dr. Mini
Published: August 2024

The focus of this article is to evaluate the determinants where capacity building on ornamental fisheries would be of benefit for the resource users. It is argued that self-awareness on the potential of the resources available (ornamental value of fishes, demand in national and international trade, harvest and post-harvest techniques) and the interest to perform ornamental fisheries (ornamental fish collection, Live fish keeping, Feeding, Acclimatization, Packing and Disease Management) is associated with self-determined motivation. The responses of a sample of Indigenous communities or Scheduled Tribes (N= 154) of two clans (Kadars and Malayars) associated with fisheries in Vazhachal forest division in Kerala, South India are examined. The tribes are asked about their awareness on the ornamental value of fishes caught by them from the river Chalakkudy, their interest to attend trainings on ornamental fisheries and interests to institute ornamental fish farming. The results show that there is no significant difference among two communities on awareness level regarding ornamental fisheries (Mann Whitney U test; p > 0.05). Community wise test statistics (Mann Whitney U test) on training shows that there is no significant difference in interest level among Kadars and Malayars to attend the training (p > 0.05). While gender wise analysis reveals that there is a significant difference between men and women in attending training on collection of live ornamental fishes (p < 0.05). Independent T test performed on interests in ornamental fish farming shows a variation in interest among two communities. The results indicate lack of awareness on the potential ornamental species and its demand in international or national markets restrains tribes to practise ornamental fisheries. Since the indigenous communities under study are distributed on the river side and the natural resources form the source to subsidize their life, utilising the resources collectively with its value-added characteristics can strengthen their economic conditions. Thus, capacity building can be the step forward to introduce these communities to ornamental fisheries.
Rainfall Variability Analysis of Jodhpur Tehsil, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
Authors: Singh Ankur , Meena Arjun Lal
Published: August 2024

Rainfall in India shows remarkable temporal and spatial variations. This characteristic affects the ground water levels and water levels of surface water bodies as well. This studyattempts to map and analyse the rainfall patterns of 30 years for Jodhpur tehsil by calculating the rainfall deviation with an intent to understand the impact on water logging and availability of water in the region.
Effect of different dietson larval growth and juvenile production of Nilgiri Melon barb Haludaria fasciata
Authors: Chacko Judine John , Sekharan Mini N.
Published: August 2024

Larval feeds play a vital role in the production of juvenilefishin hatcheries. The presentstudy evaluated the effect of six differentdiets on the growth and survival of larvae ofNilgiri Melon barb Haludaria fasciata. The selected experimental diets were Growfin (GF), Elarval 100 (EL),Spirulinapowder (SP),Decapsulated Artemiaeggs (DA),Live Artemianauplii (LA)and a combination of live artemia and PrinceWean 300 (LAP). The larvae at 3dayspost-hatch(dph)werecollected and fed with the experimental diets for 35 days. The feeding was donethrice daily under each treatment group. The intermediate growth in total length and larval survivalwas measured every five days and the body weightof fish larvaeonthe initial and final dayswascalculated during and after thetreatment. The larvae fed with LAP had a higher mean total lengththan all other treatments. The mean weightwas observed to be higher in LAwhich significantly (P<0.05) differs from other treatments. The averagespecific growth rate was higher in DA, LA and LAP.The heterogeneous growth wasobservedlower in treatment LAPthan in other treatments.It is observed that live feeds are not compulsory for the larval feeding programof H. fasciata.Artemia nauplii can be replacedpartially or fullywith micro dietssuch as EL and PrinceWeanwithout heavily affecting the growth and survivalof larvae.
Field Efficacy of Biocapsules of Entomopathogenic Fungi for the Management of Aphis craccivora Koch (Homoptera: Aphididae)
Authors: M Parvathi
Published: August 2024

Many agro-ecosystems have been seriously undermined using synthetic pesticides, and are losing incentive in terms of productivity, with substantial loss of biodiversity. To reclaim ecosystem health and protect global health, there is an important need to put the ecology standards back at the core of crop protection. Biological control methods are favourable alternative methods to the chemical method. In the evaluation of the efficacy of biocapsules of Lecanicillium lecanii (Zimmermann) Zare and Gams and L. saksenae (Kushwaha) Kurihara and Sukarno for the management of cowpea aphid Aphis craccivora Koch (Homoptera: Aphididae), it was revealed that foliar application of L. saksenae and L. lecanii three capsules L-1 sprayed twice (at weekly intervals) were similarly effective in causing 94.38 and 92.28 per cent reduction in the population of  A. craccivora and with lower dose at two and one capsules L-1 population noted was 37.51 to 63.96 per cent. The spore suspensions of both fungi were more effective than the lower doses (78.73 - 83.53 per cent reduction) in cowpeas. While Thiamethoxam 25 WG, was 95.79 per cent. Biocapsule treatment did not affect the natural enemy populations significantly. The yield recorded in the plots with L. saksenae capsules at two and three L-1 was higher than other treated and untreated plots. Therefore, the need-based creation of biocontrol formulations in capsules, tablets, powder, etc. should be popularized.
Effects of Mating Systems on Segregating Populations of Three Way Cross of Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Priya P. Bindu , Pradeep T. , Sumalini K. , Reddy D. Vishnuvardhan
Published: August 2024

Maize is one among those crops privileged with rich genetic diversity; however the currently cultivated hybrids barely represent this scale of variability as they are developed from more or less genetically similar lines. Tad changes in environmental factors can fail today’s hybrids which otherwise perform exceedingly well. This stresses the need for development of diverse genotypes which can adapt to the changing climatic conditions. A study was conducted to estimate and compare the efficiency of three mating systems viz., self pollination, sib mating and open pollination in development of superior inbred lines with wider adaptability and sturdy genetic makeup in maize. Fourth filial segregating populations of three way cross obtained from three mating systems were used for studying genetic variability and character associations. Results indicated that sib mated progeny exhibited highest genotypic coefficient of variability, heritability and genetic advance for most of the yield traits while desirable mean values, highest number of recombinants and highest phenotypic coefficients of variability were observed in open pollinated population. Sib mated progenies exhibited highest number of significant positive correlations specifically among yield related characters while open pollination resulted in weak associations. From this study, it can be concluded that sib mating or a blend of sib mating and selfing can be adopted for development of diverse and superior inbred lines in maize.
The impact of ozone depleting substances on the circulation, temperature, and salinity of the Southern Ocean: An attribution study with CESM1(WACCM)
Authors: Solomon A. , Polvani L. M. , Smith K. L. , Abernathey R. P.
Published: June 2015

Observations show robust changes in the circulation, temperature, and salinity of the Southern Ocean in recent decades. To what extent these changes are related to the formation of the ozone hole in the late twentieth century is an open question. Using a comprehensive chemistry‐climate Earth system model, we contrast model runs with varying and with fixed surface concentrations of ozone depleting substances (ODS) from 1955 to 2005. In our model, ODS cause the majority of the summertime changes in surface wind stress which, in turn, induce a clear poleward shift of the ocean's meridional overturning circulation. In addition, more than 30% of the model changes in the temperature and salinity of the Southern Ocean are caused by ODS. These findings offer unambiguous evidence that increased concentrations of ODS in the late twentieth century are likely to have been been an important driver of changes in the Southern Ocean.
Dynamical downscaling simulation and future projection of precipitation over China
Authors: Bao Jiawei , Feng Jinming , Wang Yongli
Published: June 2015

This study assesses present‐day and future precipitation changes over China by using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model version 3.5.1. The WRF model was driven by the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Earth System Model with the Generalized Ocean Layer Dynamics component (GFDL‐ESM2G) output over China at the resolution of 30 km for the present day (1976–2005) and near future (2031–2050) under the Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 (RCP4.5) scenario. The results demonstrate that with improved resolution and better representation of finer‐scale physical process, dynamical downscaling adds value to the regional precipitation simulation. WRF downscaling generally simulates more reliable spatial distributions of total precipitation and extreme precipitation in China with higher spatial pattern correlations and closer magnitude. It is able to successfully eliminate the artificial precipitation maximum area simulated by GFDL‐ESM2G over the west of the Sichuan Basin, along the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau in both summer and winter. Besides, the regional annual cycle and frequencies of precipitation intensity are also well depicted by WRF. In the future projections, under the RCP4.5 scenario, both models project that summer precipitation over most parts of China will increase, especially in western and northern China, and that precipitation over some southern regions is projected to decrease. The projected increase of future extreme precipitation makes great contributions to the total precipitation increase. In southern regions, the projected larger extreme precipitation amounts accompanied with fewer extreme precipitation frequencies suggest that future daily extreme precipitation intensity is likely to increase in these regions.