bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
General form of the tunneling barrier for nanometrically sharp electron emitters
Authors: Kyritsakis Andreas
Published: March 2023

Field electron emission from nanometer-scale objects deviates from the predictions of the classical emission theory as both the electrostatic potential curves within the tunneling region and the image potential deviates from the planar one. This impels the inclusion of additional correction terms in the potential barrier. At the apex of a tip-like rotationally symmetric surface, these terms are proportional to the (single) local emitter curvature. The present paper generalizes this relation, showing that for any emitter geometry, the coefficient of the correction terms is given by the mean curvature, i.e., the average of the two principal curvatures.
631% room temperature tunnel magnetoresistance with large oscillation effect in CoFe/MgO/CoFe(001) junctions
Authors: Scheike Thomas , Wen Zhenchao , Sukegawa Hiroaki , Mitani Seiji
Published: March 2023

We demonstrate tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) ratios of up to 631% at room temperature (RT) using CoFe/MgO/CoFe(001) epitaxial magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). The TMR ratio increased up to 1143% at 10 K. The large TMR ratios resulted from fine-tuning of atomic-scale structures of the MTJs, such as crystallographic orientations and MgO interface oxidation by interface insertion of ultrathin CoFe and Mg layers, which are expected to enhance the well-known Δ1 coherent tunneling transport. Interestingly, the TMR oscillation effect, which is not covered by the standard coherent tunneling theory, also became significant. A 0.32-nm period TMR oscillation with increasing MgO thickness dominates the transport in a wide range of MgO thicknesses; the peak-to-valley difference of the TMR oscillation exceeds 140% at RT, which is attributed to the appearance of large oscillatory components in the resistance area product.
Myxomycetes associated with the bark, cones and leaves of Australian cypress pines (Callitris spp.)
Authors: Stephenson Steven L. , Elliott Todd F. , Elliott Kelsey , Vernes Karl
Published: March 2023

Context The diversity of myxomycetes associated with Australia’s most diverse native conifer genus, Callitris, has been incompletely studied. Aims In this study, we examine the diversity of myxomycetes associated with outer bark, fallen cones and dead litter (leaves/needles) of four Callitris species. Methods Substrate samples were collected from 13 localities in New South Wales, Queensland and the Northern Territory. Samples were used to prepare moist-chamber cultures, and species of associated myxomycetes were identified. Key results Twenty-three species in 15 genera were recorded. Percentage occurrence of myxomycetes varied depending on substrate, being 87% (cones), 83% (bark) and 63% (litter). Bark yielded the most species (17), followed by litter (10) and cones (6). Only two species (Arcyria cinerea and S. fusca) were recorded from all three substrates. Substrate pH is often an important factor for the occurrence of myxomycetes, but the mean values recorded for cones (5.7), litter (5.8), and bark (5.9) showed little difference. This suggests that other undetermined factors contributed to the differences in species occurrence. In addition to the records generated in the present study, we provide a list of previous records of myxomycetes found in association with Callitris. Conclusions This study has highlighted, for the first time, the diversity of myxomycetes associated with members of the genus Callitris and has shown the importance of cypress pines as a substrate for myxomycetes. Implications This study leads to a better understanding of the biogeography, distribution and ecology of myxomycetes and their associated organisms.
Patient and practice factors associated with HbA1c testing frequency in patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study in Australian general practice
Authors: Imai Chisato ‘Chrissy’ , Li Ling , Hardie Rae-Anne , Pearce Christopher , Georgiou Andrew
Published: March 2023

Background Better adherence to guideline-recommended glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) testing frequency is associated with better glycaemic control and lower risk of complications such as chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. This study investigates patient and practice factors associated with adherence to guideline-recommended HbA1c testing frequency. Methods A cohort of type 2 diabetes patients who regularly visited general practices from 2012 to 2018 was identified from 225 Australian general practices. With the goal of ≤53 mmol/mol, Australian guidelines recommend HbA1c testing at least 6-monthly. Patient history of HbA1c tests from 2017 to 2018 was used to define adherence to guidelines, and the associations with patient and practice factors were examined by regression models. Results Of the 6881 patients, 2186 patients (31.8%) had 6-monthly HbA1c testing. Patient age and anti-diabetic medications were associated with adherence to 6-monthly testing. When financial incentives are available to practices, a larger practice was associated with better adherence to 6-monthly testing. Conclusions The identified key factors such as age, practice size, medication, and incentive payments can be used to target initiatives aimed at improving guideline-recommended monitoring care for patients with type 2 diabetes to enhance their health outcomes.
Fragile X mental retardation protein coordinates neuron-to-glia communication for clearance of developmentally transient brain neurons
Authors: Song Chunzhu , Broadie Kendal
Published: March 2023

In the developmental remodeling of brain circuits, neurons are removed by glial phagocytosis to optimize adult behavior. Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) regulates neuron-to-glia signaling to drive glial phagocytosis for targeted neuron pruning. We find that FMRP acts in a mothers against decapentaplegic (Mad)-insulin receptor (InR)-protein kinase B (Akt) pathway to regulate pretaporter (Prtp) and amyloid precursor protein-like (APPL) signals directing this glial clearance. Neuronal RNAi of
Drosophila fragile X mental retardation 1
(
dfmr1
) elevates
mad
transcript levels and increases pMad signaling. Neuronal
dfmr1
and
mad
RNAi both elevate phospho–protein kinase B (pAkt) and delay neuron removal but cause opposite effects on InR expression. Genetically correcting pAkt levels in the
mad
RNAi background restores normal remodeling. Consistently, neuronal
dfmr1
and
mad
RNAi both decrease Prtp levels, whereas neuronal
InR
and
akt
RNAi increase Prtp levels, indicating FMRP works with pMad and insulin signaling to tightly regulate Prtp signaling and thus control glial phagocytosis for correct circuit remodeling. Neuronal
dfmr1
and
mad
and
akt
RNAi all decrease APPL levels, with the pathway signaling higher glial endolysosome activity for phagocytosis. These findings reveal a FMRP-dependent control pathway for neuron-to-glia communication in neuronal pruning, identifying potential molecular mechanisms for devising fragile X syndrome treatments.
Building insightful, memory-enriched models to capture long-time biochemical processes from short-time simulations
Authors: Dominic Anthony J. , Sayer Thomas , Cao Siqin , Markland Thomas E. , Huang Xuhui , Montoya-Castillo Andrés
Published: March 2023

The ability to predict and understand complex molecular motions occurring over diverse timescales ranging from picoseconds to seconds and even hours in biological systems remains one of the largest challenges to chemical theory. Markov state models (MSMs), which provide a memoryless description of the transitions between different states of a biochemical system, have provided numerous important physically transparent insights into biological function. However, constructing these models often necessitates performing extremely long molecular simulations to converge the rates. Here, we show that by incorporating memory via the time-convolutionless generalized master equation (TCL-GME) one can build a theoretically transparent and physically intuitive memory-enriched model of biochemical processes with up to a three order of magnitude reduction in the simulation data required while also providing a higher temporal resolution. We derive the conditions under which the TCL-GME provides a more efficient means to capture slow dynamics than MSMs and rigorously prove when the two provide equally valid and efficient descriptions of the slow configurational dynamics. We further introduce a simple averaging procedure that enables our TCL-GME approach to quickly converge and accurately predict long-time dynamics even when parameterized with noisy reference data arising from short trajectories. We illustrate the advantages of the TCL-GME using alanine dipeptide, the human argonaute complex, and FiP35 WW domain.
Autolysin-mediated peptidoglycan hydrolysis is required for the surface display of
Staphylococcus aureus
cell wall-anchored proteins
Authors: Leonard Allison C. , Goncheva Mariya I. , Gilbert Stephanie E. , Shareefdeen Hiba , Petrie Laurenne E. , Thompson Laura K. , Khursigara Cezar M. , Heinrichs David E. , Cox Georgina
Published: March 2023

Peptidoglycan hydrolases, or autolysins, play a critical role in cell wall remodeling and degradation, facilitating bacterial growth, cell division, and cell separation. In
Staphylococcus aureus,
the so-called “major” autolysin, Atl, has long been associated with host adhesion; however, the molecular basis underlying this phenomenon remains understudied. To investigate, we used the type V glycopeptide antibiotic complestatin, which binds to peptidoglycan and blocks the activity of autolysins, as a chemical probe of autolysin function. We also generated a chromosomally encoded, catalytically inactive variant of the Atl enzyme. Autolysin-mediated peptidoglycan hydrolysis, in particular Atl-mediated daughter cell separation, was shown to be critical for maintaining optimal surface levels of
S. aureus
cell wall-anchored proteins, including the fibronectin-binding proteins (FnBPs) and protein A (Spa). As such, disrupting autolysin function reduced the affinity of
S. aureus
for host cell ligands, and negatively impacted early stages of bacterial colonization in a systemic model of
S. aureus
infection. Phenotypic studies revealed that Spa was sequestered at the septum of complestatin-treated cells, highlighting that autolysins are required to liberate Spa during cell division. In summary, we reveal the hydrolytic activities of autolysins are associated with the surface display of
S. aureus
cell wall-anchored proteins. We demonstrate that by blocking autolysin function, type V glycopeptide antibiotics are promising antivirulence agents for the development of strategies to control
S. aureus
infections.
Overexpression of Lmo2 initiates T-lymphoblastic leukemia via impaired thymocyte competition
Authors: Abdulla Hesham D. , Alserihi Raed , Flensburg Christoffer , Abeysekera Waruni , Luo Meng-Xiao , Gray Daniel H.D. , Liu Xiaodong , Smyth Gordon K. , Alexander Warren S. , Majewski Ian J. , McCormack Matthew P.
Published: March 2023

Cell competition has recently emerged as an important tumor suppressor mechanism in the thymus that inhibits autonomous thymic maintenance. Here, we show that the oncogenic transcription factor Lmo2 causes autonomous thymic maintenance in transgenic mice by inhibiting early T cell differentiation. This autonomous thymic maintenance results in the development of self-renewing preleukemic stem cells (pre-LSCs) and subsequent leukemogenesis, both of which are profoundly inhibited by restoration of thymic competition or expression of the antiapoptotic factor BCL2. Genomic analyses revealed the presence of Notch1 mutations in pre-LSCs before subsequent loss of tumor suppressors promotes the transition to overt leukemogenesis. These studies demonstrate a critical role for impaired cell competition in the development of pre-LSCs in a transgenic mouse model of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), implying that this process plays a role in the ontogeny of human T-ALL.
Is that lift diagram correct? A visual study of flight education literature
Authors: Wild Graham
Published: March 2023

With a complex topic such as aerodynamics, subtle points are critical. In this work images illustrating air flow around wings and aerofoils were studied to explore misunderstandings in aerodynamics education. While these images are common in textbooks and popular science media, this study was limited to the 135 physics education articles on the topic of lift, of which 49 contained illustrations of air flow around an aerofoil or wing. These 49 cases were included for qualitative comparison using visual semiotics. It was found that 28% of images did not include upwash, and only 44% included stagnation points. For the case of 2D flow around aerofoils 30% were illustrated correctly, while for wings 75% were correct. These results excluded the seven completely incorrect illustrations where common misconceptions were presented as facts. Most illustrations of flow around an aerofoil incorrectly depicted flow around a wing.
Gyrokinetic simulations of core turbulence and thermal transport in the high-β
P discharge on EAST
Authors: Hu Y C , Ye L , Gong X Z , Garofalo A M , Qian J P , Huang J , Zhang B , Zhao P F , Hu Y J , Ren Q L , Zhang J Y , Zhang X X , Liang R R , Wang Z H
Published: March 2023

The properties of core turbulence and thermal transport are investigated for EAST high-β
P (β
P ∼ 3.1) plasmas with dominant electron heating (T
e/T
i > 1) via gyrokinetic simulation with the NLT code. Linear simulations identify that the electrostatic

η
e

-driven trapped electron mode (

η
e

-TEM) dominates in the core region (ρ< 0.7) and the ion temperature gradient (ITG) mode dominates in the out region (ρ⩾ 0.7), consistent with the linear threshold analysis of micro-instabilities. Sensitivity analysis shows that the normalized electron density gradient (R/L
ne) and ITG (R/L
Ti) are two effective parameters to stabilize TEM instability. Nonlinear simulations are also carried out and compared with the experimental results, which show that the electron thermal internal transport barrier (ITB) in EAST high-β
P plasma is determined by the TEM-induced turbulence. A higher zonal flow shearing rate is observed in the ITB region (0.2 < ρ < 0.34), which can regulate energy transport induced by TEM turbulence and facilitate the formation of e-ITB. A plausible positive feedback mechanism to mitigate turbulence transport and improve energy confinement via enhanced ion heating is proposed for future experiments.
Intense laser-generated ion beams in plasmas: the rapid heating regime
Authors: Robinson A P L
Published: March 2023

Previous work (Robinson 2022 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion
64 105014) has shown that there is a regime of ion beam transport in plasmas where the electron–ion drag becomes so intense that the electron temperature rapidly rises to temperatures at which the electron–ion drag is strongly reduced. This regime is mainly thought to pertain to short-pulse laser-generated ion beams, because of the ion energy fluences required to enter this regime. The regime for was thought to be determined by a dimensionless number,

Ξ
h

. Here it is shown that there is another dimensionless number that needs to be considered. Numerical simulations show that this dimensionless number, χ

h
, does not affect the half-energy range of the ion beam, but does determine how strong stopping is at the ion beam front, and thus how rapidly the beam energy falls past the half-energy range.
First Sodium Laser Guide Star Asterism Launching Platform in China on the 1.8 m Telescope at Gaomeigu Observatory
Authors: Wang Rui-Tao , Li Hong-Yang , Feng Lu , Li Min , Bian Qi , Zuo Jun-Wei , Jin Kai , Wang Chen , Liang Yue , Wang Ming , Dou Jun-Feng , Zhang Ding-Wen , Wei Kai , Guo You-Ming , Bo Yong , Xue Sui-Jian
Published: March 2023

The application of a sodium laser guide star is the key difference between a modern adaptive optics system and traditional adaptive optics system. Especially in system such as multiconjugate adaptive optics, a sodium laser guide star asterism that is formed by several laser guide stars in a certain pattern is required to probe more atmospheric turbulence in different directions. To achieve this, a sodium laser guide star asterism launching platform is required. In this paper, we introduce the sodium laser guide star asterism launching platform built and tested on the 1.8 m telescope of Gaomeigu Observatory. The platform has two functions: one function is to compare the performance of sodium laser guide stars generated by different lasers at the same place, and the other function is to generate a sodium laser guide star asterism with an adjustable shape. The field test results at the beginning of 2021 verified the important role of the platform, which is also the first time that a sodium laser guide star asterism was realized in China.
Biorock® Technology Application To The Growth And Acropora Corals Growth Rate
Authors: Nugroho BS , Zuhry N , Kusnandar K , Simanjuntak SW , Alamsyah HK , Karissa PT
Published: March 2023

Karang Jeruk is one of the destinations for coral reef ecosystems in Tegal Regency. This study aimed to determine the growth and growth rate of branched coral Acropora transplanted using the biorock® method in Karang Jeruk Waters, Tegal Regency. The method used in this research is the method of experimentation and observation. It is then analyzed through the t-Students test using SPSS version 16. Based on the research results, the absolute growth of Acropora coral at the biorock® station was more significant than the absolute growth at the control station, both for height and diameter or significantly difference. It can be seen that the absolute height growth at the biorock® station is 44.9750 ± 15.3901 mm, while at the control station, 2.1675 ± 0.6726 mm, and the absolute diameter growth at the biorock® station is 0.8350 ± 0.2177 mm while at the control station 0 .2025 ± 0.0835 mm. The growth rate of Acropora coral at the biorock® station was faster than the growth rate at the control station, both for height and diameter. It can be seen that the high growth rate at the biorock® station is 11.2438 ± 3.8475 mm month-1, while at the control station, 0.5419 ± 0.1682 mm month-1, and the diameter growth rate at the biorock® station is 0.2088 ± 0.0544 mm month-1 while at the control station 0.0506 ± 0.0209 mm month-1.
Effect of The Combination of Kefa Forest Honey and Euphorbia hirta as a Curative agent of Vibrio alginolyticus in the Hybrid Grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus
Authors: Salosso Yuliana , Tjendanawangi Agnette , Lopez Silbinu , Pasaribu Wesly
Published: March 2023

Kefa forest honey and Euphorbia hirta have an antibacterial effect against pathogenic bacteria in fish. This work investigated the combination of honey and E. hirta against Vibrio alginolitycus in the hybrid grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus. The active ingredients and antibacterial activity of Kefa forest honey and E. hirta were tested in vitro at different concentrations using the disk method. The experimental animals were injected with V. alginolitycus suspension at a concentration of 106 cells ml−1/fish. After the fish showed symptoms of infection, the treatment was carried out for 5 consecutive days by immersion in the mixture of 25% Kefa honey and E. hirta at different concentrations of honey and E. hirta combinations. After treatment, the fish were monitored for 7 days. During the study, observations on hematology and clinical symptoms were made. The results showed that the combination of Kefa honey and E. hirta had antibacterial activity against V. alginolitycus in vitro and in vivo can increase the hematological profile of grouper and alleviate clinical symptoms due to V. alginolitycus infection. The results showed that administration of a combination Kefa forest honey and E. hirta was effective as a cure for V. alginolyticus infection in grouper.
The Effect of Use Herbal Plus Probiotic on Nursery Stage Milkfish (Chanos Chanos) Culture
Authors: Nurjanah  , Hartanti Ninik Umi , Sofian
Published: March 2023

The milkfish, or Chanos chanos, is a fish that is frequently raised in brackish water ponds and is in high demand by consumers. It has a large economic value. A procedure known as nursery cultivation is used to maintain milkfish fry and produces fish that are prepared to be reared in ponds when they reach a specific size. The goal of this study is to determine how probiotics and herbs affect the growth and survival of milkfish. The materials used in this study were milkfish with an average weight of 0.018−0.01 g, commercial milkfish feed with a 20% protein content, probiotics, and a mixture of turmeric extract and curcuma. The investigation was conducted utilizing an experimental technique and a thoroughly randomized design with three replications of each treatment and one control. Data analysis used analysis of variance (One Way Anova) to compare milkfish cultivation in treatment A (milkfish with herbal feed), treatment B (milkfish with feed containing probiotics), treatment C (milkfish with feed containing herbs and probiotics), and control (milkfish nursery with feed). The analysis’s results showed that while adding herbs, probiotics, or herbs plus probiotics to the diet had no significant effects on milkfish survival (P > 0.05), they did significantly influence fish growth when compared to controls (P 0.05). When compared to controls, W herbs + probiotics in feed had a substantial impact on fish development but no significant impact (P>0.05) on milkfish survival. When compared to controls, W herbs + probiotics in feed had a substantial impact on fish development but no significant impact (P>0.05) on milkfish survival. During the maintenance period, the water quality metrics were within an acceptable range for milkfish to survive and thrive..
Organoleptic Test and Formalin Content of Dried Anchovy (Stolephorus sp.) in Sawojajar Market, Brebes Regency
Authors: Alamsyah Heru Kurniawan , Mulyani Sri , Kusnandar  , Saputri Rizka Dwi
Published: March 2023

In general, anchovy is marketed in dried form in almost all traditional markets. The quality of marketed fish changes based on space and time. The purpose of this research is to determine the quality of dry salted anchovy (Stolephorus sp.) based on organoleptic tests and formalin content at the Sawojajar market. The method used is a case study. Samples were taken randomly at the Sawojajar market, then tested at the Cirebon KIPM Station laboratory. Data analysis was carried out by comparing the results of formalin and organoleptic tests according to SNI 2346-2015 on dried salted anchovy. The results showed that all samples did not contain formalin and the organoleptic test showed that the value in sample I was 5 in II and III, the same value was 6. The organoleptic value of the three samples of salted dried anchovy was still below the SNI threshold, while the organoleptic value of salted dried anchovies was 7 (SNI 23462015).
Thermo-economic analyses of the waste heat and water recovery system from flue gas by heat pump integrated with different heat utilization ways in coal-fired power plant
Authors: Yan Min , Ren Jinli , Ma Yang , Chen Binjian , Gao Yan , Ma Chunyuan
Published: March 2023

To recover the waste heat and water simultaneously from flue gas after wet desulphurization, a novel method by adding a flash evaporation device and heat pump system was proposed. The thermal-economic theoretical models for systems integrated with three different heat utilization ways were established based on the method of equivalent enthalpy drop. A typical 300 MW coal-fired power plant was selected as a case to compare the thermo-economic performance. Results show that when the flue gas temperature decreased from 50°C to 30°C, the amounts of recovered waste heat and water could be up to 65.2MW and 81.4t/h, respectively. At the same heat output of 11.3 MW from heat pump, the heat utilization way of pre-heating air exhibited the best energy-saving performance with the net efficiency of power plant increasing to 42.46% from 42.3%.
Study on formation damage mechanism of carbonate reservoir in Shunbei No.2 area of northwest oil field
Authors: Wang Long , Gao Wei , Dai Changlou
Published: March 2023

A series of experiments were carried out to evaluate and analyze the damage mechanism of carbonate reservoir in Shunbei No.2 Area, Xinjiang, China. According to the analysis of reservoir lithology and physical properties, combined with reservoir fluid characteristics and environmental characteristics, the potential factors of formation core damage were analyzed. The potential damage of reservoir is as follows: solid phase particle intrusion blockage, stress sensitivity and strong water lock damage. The effect of pressure time on permeability was eliminated by fracture stability correction. Fracture stability correction was used to evaluate core sensitivity. There is no velocity sensitive damage in the reservoir core, but weak water sensitive and salt sensitive damage, moderate and weak alkali sensitive damage and strong stress sensitive damage.
Power supply optimization method based on multivariate load peak-valley complementary characteristics
Authors: Yue Guo , Yudi Ding , Yunfei Wang , Huan Yan , Xiaoxiao Geng
Published: March 2023

The power grid load shows a trend of diversified development. With the continuous increase of the power grid construction scale, it is very important to optimize the power supply of the distribution network and improve the utilization of assets and equipment by using the peak valley complementary characteristics of multiple loads. In this paper, the peak-valley fluctuation characteristics of load are classified and analyzed. Cluster analysis is used to study the load classification with stable peak-valley characteristics in the complex load composition. Based on the peak-peak superposition and peak-valley complementary characteristics of the classified load, and considering the load space dimension, the multi-load optimization combination method for the whole period and time segment is proposed, and verified by simulation.
Duals and admissibility in natural characteristic
Authors: Schneider Peter , Sorensen Claus
Published: March 2023

In this article we introduce a derived smooth duality functor

R

H
o
m

_

(
−
,
k
)

R\underline {Hom}(-,k)

on the unbounded derived category

D
(
G
)

D(G)

of smooth

k
k

-representations of a

p
p

-adic Lie group

G
G

. Here

k
k

is a field of characteristic

p
p

. Using this functor we relate various subcategories of admissible complexes in

D
(
G
)

D(G)

.
Supercloseness of the local discontinuous Galerkin method for a singularly perturbed convection-diffusion problem
Authors: Cheng Yao , Jiang Shan , Stynes Martin
Published: March 2023

A singularly perturbed convection-diffusion problem posed on the unit square in 

R

2

\mathbb {R}^2

, whose solution has exponential boundary layers, is solved numerically using the local discontinuous Galerkin (LDG) method with tensor-product piecewise polynomials of degree at most 

k
>
0

k>0

on three families of layer-adapted meshes: Shishkin-type, Bakhvalov-Shishkin-type and Bakhvalov-type. On Shishkin-type meshes this method is known to be no greater than

O
(

N

−
(
k
+
1

/

2
)

)

O(N^{-(k+1/2)})

accurate in the energy norm induced by the bilinear form of the weak formulation, where

N
N

mesh intervals are used in each coordinate direction. (Note: all bounds in this abstract are uniform in the singular perturbation parameter and neglect logarithmic factors that will appear in our detailed analysis.) A delicate argument is used in this paper to establish

O
(

N

−
(
k
+
1
)

)

O(N^{-(k+1)})

energy-norm superconvergence on all three types of mesh for the difference between the LDG solution and a local Gauss-Radau projection of the true solution into the finite element space. This supercloseness property implies a new

N

−
(
k
+
1
)

N^{-(k+1)}

bound for the

L
2

L^2

error between the LDG solution on each type of mesh and the true solution of the problem; this bound is optimal (up to logarithmic factors). Numerical experiments confirm our theoretical results.
Generic algebraic properties in spaces of enumerated groups
Authors: Goldbring Isaac , Kunnawalkam Elayavalli Srivatsav , Lodha Yash
Published: March 2023

We introduce and study Polish topologies on various spaces of countable enumerated groups, where an enumerated group is simply a group whose underlying set is the set of natural numbers. Using elementary tools and well-known examples from combinatorial group theory, combined with the Baire category theorem, we obtain a plethora of results demonstrating that several phenomena in group theory are generic. In effect, we provide a new topological framework for the analysis of various well known problems in group theory. We also provide a connection between genericity in these spaces, the word problem for finitely generated groups and model-theoretic forcing. Using these connections, we investigate a natural question raised by Osin: when does a certain space of enumerated groups contain a comeager isomorphism class? We obtain a sufficient condition that allows us to answer Osin’s question in the negative for the space of all enumerated groups and the space of left orderable enumerated groups. We document several open questions in connection with these considerations.
Distinct Aurora B pools at the inner centromere and kinetochore have different contributions to meiotic and mitotic chromosome segregation
Authors: Cairo Gisela , Greiwe Cora , Jung Gyu Ik , Blengini Cecilia , Schindler Karen , Lacefield Soni
Published: March 2023

Cairo et al. demonstrate that the pools of Aurora B at the inner centromere and kinetochore can contribute to different functions of Aurora B and the importance of each pool can differ between mitosis and meiosis and among organisms.
Richard Bower
Authors: Ellis Richard , Frenk Carlos
Published: March 2023

Carlos Frenk and Richard Ellis highlight the life of a gifted astrophysicist whose research encompassed theory and observations of galaxy assembly, and related instrumentation
Placing the platform economy: the emerging, developing and upgrading of Taobao villages as a platform-based place making phenomenon in China
Authors: Chu Han , Hassink Robert , Xie Dixiang , Hu Xiaohui
Published: March 2023

The actions of platforms and their all-inclusive impact on place development is coined platform-based place making in this article. We use the actor-network theory to analyse a typical e-commerce platform-based place making, namely the emergence, development and upgrading of Taobao villages in China, and to explore the mechanisms of platform place making power. Our study shows that platforms ‘make’ places by platform–place interactions of progressively expanding the enrolment of intra-regional and extra-regional actors. In addition, our research advances the actor-network theory and its application and transcends the urban and production-side bias of economic geography.
SlWRKY30 and SlWRKY81 synergistically modulate tomato immunity to Ralstonia solanacearum by directly regulating SlPR-STH2
Authors: Dang Fengfeng , Lin Jinhui , Li Yajing , Jiang Ruoyun , Fang Yudong , Ding Fei , He Shuilin , Wang Yanfeng
Published: March 2023

Bacterial wilt is a devastating disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum that severely threatens tomato production. Group III WRKY transcription factors (TFs) are implicated in the plant response to pathogen infection; however, their roles in the response of tomato to R. solanacearum infection (RSI) remain largely unexplored. Here, we report the crucial role of SlWRKY30, a group III SlWRKY TF, in the regulation of tomato response to RSI. SlWRKY30 was strongly induced by RSI. SlWRKY30 overexpression reduced tomato susceptibility to RSI, and also increased H2O2 accumulation and cell necrosis, suggesting that SlWRKY30 positively regulates tomato resistance to RSI. RNA sequencing and reverse transcription–quantitative PCR revealed that SlWRKY30 overexpression significantly upregulated pathogenesis-related protein (SlPR-STH2) genes SlPR­STH2a, SlPR­STH2b, SlPR­STH2c, and SlPR­STH2d (hereafter SlPR­STH2a/b/c/d) in tomato, and these SlPR-STH2 genes were directly targeted by SlWRKY30. Moreover, four group III WRKY proteins (SlWRKY52, SlWRKY59, SlWRKY80, and SlWRKY81) interacted with SlWRKY30, and SlWRKY81 silencing increased tomato susceptibility to RSI. Both SlWRKY30 and SlWRKY81 activated SlPR­STH2a/b/c/d expression by directly binding to their promoters. Taking these results together, SlWRKY30 and SlWRKY81 synergistically regulate resistance to RSI by activating SlPR-STH2a/b/c/d expression in tomato. Our results also highlight the potential of SlWRKY30 to improve tomato resistance to RSI via genetic manipulations.
The effects of spatial and temporal variations in spawning on offspring survival in Northeast Arctic cod
Authors: Endo C A K , Skogen M D , Stige L C , Hjøllo S S , Vikebø F B
Published: March 2023

Climate change and harvesting result in temporal and spatial changes and variability in spawning, and thus in offspring ambient drift conditions. As a result, variable survival of offspring and thereby in recruitment are expected. This is especially true for species with long reproduction migration as is the case for some Atlantic cod stocks. We utilize biophysical model simulations to analyze survival from spawning until age 1 resulting from different scenarios of spatial and temporal changes in spawning. We find that survival is 1.5–2 times higher when spawning is shifted southwards as compared to northerly shifts. In general, survival is more sensitive to shifts in spawning location than in spawning time. Early spawning is only favourable if spawning is concurrently shifted farther north. A future spawning scenario with a northward shift in spawning grounds beyond what has been observed historically suggests reduced offspring survival and increased sensitivity to the timing of spawning.
In vitro activity of cefepime/zidebactam and cefepime/taniborbactam against aztreonam/avibactam-resistant NDM-like-producing Escherichia coli clinical isolates
Authors: Le Terrier Christophe , Nordmann Patrice , Sadek Mustafa , Poirel Laurent
Published: March 2023

Background

Aztreonam/avibactam is one of the last therapeutic options for treating infections caused by NDM-like-producing Enterobacterales. However, PBP3-modified and NDM-producing Escherichia coli strains that co-produce CMY-42 have been shown to be resistant to this drug combination. The aim of our study was to assess the in vitro activity of cefepime/taniborbactam and cefepime/zidebactam against such aztreonam/avibactam-resistant E. coli strains.

Methods

MIC values of aztreonam, aztreonam/avibactam, cefepime, cefepime/taniborbactam, cefepime/zidebactam and zidebactam alone were determined for 28 clinical aztreonam/avibactam-resistant E. coli isolates. Those isolates produced either NDM-5 (n = 24), NDM-4 (n = 2) or NDM-1 (n = 2), and they all co-produced CMY-42 (n = 28). They all harboured a four amino acid insertion in PBP-3 (Tyr-Arg-Ile-Asn or Tyr-Arg-Ile-Lys).

Results

All strains were resistant to aztreonam/avibactam and cefepime, as expected. The resistance rate to cefepime/taniborbactam was 100%, with MIC50 and MIC90 being at 16 mg/L and 64 mg/L, respectively. Conversely, all strains were susceptible to cefepime/zidebactam, with both MIC50 and MIC90 at 0.25 mg/L. Notably, all strains showed low MICs for zidebactam alone, with MIC50 and MIC90 at 0.5 mg/L and 1 mg/L.

Conclusions

Our data highlighted the excellent in vitro performance of the newly developed β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combination cefepime/zidebactam against aztreonam/avibactam-resistant E. coli strains, suggesting that this combination could be considered as an efficient therapeutic option in this context. Our study also highlights the cross-resistance between acquired resistance to aztreonam/avibactam and the cefepime/taniborbactam combination.
Revisiting community and media: an affordance analysis of digital media platforms used by gay communities in China
Authors: Miao Weishan , Chan Lik Sam
Published: March 2023

What roles do media play in community building? Based on life story interviews with 72 older gay men living in China, this study traces the rise and fall of four significant digital media platforms used by Chinese gay communities since the late 1990s. We propose the notion of community-based media affordance as an analytical device and show that the four platforms vary in terms of pervasiveness, self-presentation, searchability, visibility, editability, and awareness. This variation in affordances has contributed to “the good, the bad, and the ugly” in Chinese gay communities. Our analysis highlights the specific social, cultural, and political circumstances of the development of these platforms. It also suggests a link between certain community-based media affordances and the platforms’ capacity for queer community building. The framework of community-based media affordance can also be used to compare affordances across different media in future studies.
“I love this photo, I can feel their hearts!” How users across the world evaluate social media portraiture
Authors: Trillò Tommaso , Hallinan Blake , Green Avishai , Kim Bumsoo , Mizoroki Saki , Scharlach Rebecca , Park Pyung Hwa , Frosh Paul , Shifman Limor
Published: March 2023

Portraits on social media are value-laden constructs. Whether documenting graduation or flexing in the gym, users express what they care about and present it for others to evaluate. Since “global” portrait genres are produced and consumed in different locales, their interpretation and evaluation may vary. We thus ask: What values do people identify in different types of social media portraits? Which evaluative criteria do they use when judging them? An analysis of 100 interviews with users from Germany, Italy, Japan, South Korea, and the United States reveals that people consistently recognize genre-specific values in portraits and evaluate them through a narrow set of communication-related criteria. Such evaluations vary across cultures in ways that only occasionally match established comparative literature on values. We reflect on the relational character of the criteria adopted for the evaluation of portraits worldwide, highlighting its association with new modes of sociability in digital spheres.
Pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax: a rare complication of laparoscopic total extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair
Authors: Wallace Lauren , Leigh Ya’acov
Published: March 2023

Increasing utilization of a laparoscopic total extraperitoneal (TEP) approach for inguinal hernia repairs has led to rare complications. We describe a rare case of subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax following a laparoscopic TEP inguinal hernia repair in a 29-year-old male. Mechanisms posited include extraperitoneal carbon dioxide migration via the retroperitoneal space and dissection along the fascia transversalis and endothoracic fascia anteriorly to enter the mediastinum. Intra-operatively the patient coughed vigorously, potentially propagating the extent of extraperitoneal gas dissection and exacerbating these complications. Given the potential morbidity, it is important for surgeons and anaesthetists to recognize these complications.
Gas accretion on to galaxies and Kelvin–Helmholtz turbulence
Authors: Goldman Itzhak , Fleck Robert
Published: March 2023

Continued star formation over the lifetime of a galaxy suggests that gas is steadily flowing in from the circumgalactic medium. Also, cosmological simulations of large-scale structure formation imply that gas is accreted on to galaxies from the halo inside which they formed. Direct observations are difficult, but in recent years observational indications of gas inflows from a circumgalactic medium were obtained. Here, we suggest an indirect observational probe: looking for large-scale (exceeding few kpc) turbulence caused by the accretion. As a specific example, we consider an accretion flow coplanar with the galaxy disc, and argue that Kelvin–Helmholtz turbulence will be generated. We employ a semi-analytical model of turbulence and derive the expected turbulence power spectrum. The latter turns out to be of a distinctive shape that can be compared with observational power spectra. As an illustrative example, we use parameters of the Milky Way galaxy.
The Calar Alto CAFOS direct imaging first data release
Authors: Cortés-Contreras M , Solano E , Alonso-Hernández J , Cardiel N , Cruz P , Rodrigo C
Published: March 2023

We present the first release of the Calar Alto CAFOS direct imaging data, a project led by the Spanish Virtual Observatory with the goal of enhancing the use of the Calar Alto archive by the astrophysics community. Data Release 1 contains 23 903 reduced and astrometrically calibrated images taken from 2008 March to 2019 July with a median of the mean uncertainties in the astrometric calibration of 0.04 arcsec. The catalogue associated to 6132 images in the Sloan griz filters provides accurate astrometry and PSF calibrated photometry for 139 337 point-like detections corresponding to 21 985 different sources extracted from a selection of 2338 good-quality images. The mean internal astrometric and photometric accuracies are 0.05 arcsec and 0.04 mag, respectively. In this work we describe the approach followed to process and calibrate the images, and the construction of the associated catalogue, together with the validation quality tests carried out. Finally, we present three cases to prove the science capabilities of the catalogue: discovery and identification of asteroids, identification of potential transients, and identification of cool and ultracool dwarfs.
Greedy reduction ofBacillus subtilisgenome yields emergent phenotypes of high resistance to a DNA damaging agent and low evolvability
Authors: Dervyn Etienne , Planson Anne-Gaëlle , Tanaka Kosei , Chubukov Victor , Guérin Cyprien , Derozier Sandra , Lecointe François , Sauer Uwe , Yoshida Ken-Ichi , Nicolas Pierre , Noirot Philippe , Jules Matthieu
Published: March 2023

Genome-scale engineering enables rational removal of dispensable genes in chassis genomes. Deviating from this approach, we applied greedy accumulation of deletions of large dispensable regions in the Bacillus subtilis genome, yielding a library of 298 strains with genomes reduced up to 1.48 Mb in size. High-throughput physiological phenotyping of these strains confirmed that genome reduction is associated with substantial loss of cell fitness and accumulation of synthetic-sick interactions. Transcriptome analysis indicated that <15% of the genes conserved in our genome-reduced strains exhibited a twofold or higher differential expression and revealed a thiol-oxidative stress response. Most transcriptional changes can be explained by loss of known functions and by aberrant transcription at deletion boundaries. Genome-reduced strains exhibited striking new phenotypes relative to wild type, including a very high resistance (increased >300-fold) to the DNA-damaging agent mitomycin C and a very low spontaneous mutagenesis (reduced 100-fold). Adaptive laboratory evolution failed to restore cell fitness, except when coupled with a synthetic increase of the mutation rate, confirming low evolvability. Although mechanisms underlying this emergent phenotype are not understood, we propose that low evolvability can be leveraged in an engineering strategy coupling reductive cycles with evolutive cycles under induced mutagenesis.
Youths’ Perceptions of Nicotine Harm and Associations With Product Use
Authors: O’Brien Erin Keely , Roditis Maria , Persoskie Alexander , Margolis Katherine A
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Although nicotine is the main addictive substance in tobacco, tobacco combustion is responsible for most tobacco-related diseases. U.S. adults hold misperceptions about nicotine harm. However, little is known about youth nicotine perceptions.

Aims and Methods

To address this gap, we assessed U.S. youths’ nicotine perceptions and how these perceptions relate to tobacco use. Participants were youth (ages 12–17) in waves 4 (w4; December 2016–January 2018; N = 14 798) and 4.5 (w4.5; December 2017–December 2018; N = 12 918) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, a nationally representative longitudinal cohort study. We describe beliefs about nicotine; perceptions of the nicotine harm in cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT); and demographic differences. Regressions assess whether w4 nicotine perceptions predicted w4.5 tobacco use.

Results

Most youth correctly responded that nicotine is the main cause of addiction (77.1%) but incorrectly responded that nicotine is the main substance that causes smoking-related cancer (74.7%). Youth distinguished between the harm of nicotine in different products, and on average rated the nicotine in cigarettes as most harmful, followed by e-cigarettes and NRT. Among youth who did not use at w4, greater harm perceptions of nicotine in cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and NRT were associated with lower likelihood of reporting current tobacco use at w4.5. Among youth who currently used cigarettes or e-cigarettes at wave 4, nicotine perceptions did not predict switching to e-cigarettes or cigarettes, respectively, at wave 4.5.

Conclusions

These findings underscore the challenge of developing effective and comprehensive communication strategies that accurately convey the effects of nicotine without encouraging tobacco use.

Implications

Many U.S. adults have misperceptions about nicotine, incorrectly believing it is the substance that causes most smoking-related cancers; studies have not assessed youth’s perceptions of nicotine and how these perceptions relate to tobacco use. This study found that similar to adults, most youth incorrectly believed nicotine is the main substance that causes smoking-related cancer; youth also distinguish between the harmfulness of nicotine in different products, and rated the nicotine in cigarettes as most harmful, followed by e-cigarettes and NRT. Perceptions of the harm in different nicotine and tobacco products negatively predicted becoming a person who used tobacco a year later, but did not predict switching between e-cigarettes and cigarettes. Findings highlight the challenges of accurately communicating about the harms of nicotine without encouraging tobacco use; findings can be considered in the context of FDA’s potential nicotine product standard that would lower nicotine levels in combustible tobacco products to a minimally or nonaddictive level.
New-type astrophysical tori in the point-mass and logarithmic potentials
Authors: Fukue Jun , Fukue Tsubasa , Fukue Kei
Published: March 2023

We examine the rotating gaseous configurations in the point-mass and logarithmic potentials, using the similarity method, and analytically find new-type solutions for astrophysical tori. We ignore the self-gravity, viscosity, magnetic, and radiation fields, but consider the isothermal and polytropic cases. In the point-mass potential, the gaseous configuration is generally limited within the conical region for both the isothermal and polytropic cases. In the logarithmic potential, on the other hand, the gaseous configuration extends over the whole space for the isothermal case, whereas it is limited within the conical region in the polytropic case. For both potentials, the density contours have toroidal or conical shapes with a self-similar manner. When the rotational speed is high and/or the sound speed is low (cold), the configurations become flat, and vice versa.