bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on integrated control strategy of doubly‐fed induction generator‐based wind farms on traction power supply system
Authors: Liao Jiasi , Mastoi Muhammad Shahid , Wang Delin , Sheng Shixian , Zhou Xin , Haris Malik
Published: May 2022

With the large‐scale construction of high‐speed railway and wind farms, the traction power supply system (TPSS) and wind farms are connected through the power system. The three‐phase unbalance of grid voltage caused by the TPSS will seriously affect traditional wind farms’ operation control. Considering the TPSS and wind farms are connected to the power system's public point of common coupling (PCC), the wind farm's current control and voltage support strategy are studied. Firstly, aiming to suppress the influence of harmonics and the unbalanced power grid caused by the TPSS, the repetitive controller (RC) is introduced to the current control of the doubly‐fed induction generator (DFIG). The vector control strategy based on the combination of proportion integral (PI) and RC is adopted, where the PI controller is used to adjust the average value of DFIG output power and the RC regulator controls DFIG output sinusoidal stator current. Secondly, the wind farm's voltage support strategy is designed to reduce the voltage fluctuation caused by the TPSS's loads. By coordinating three measures of putting in reactive power compensation devices, DFIG working in voltage control mode, and limiting DFIG output active power, the voltage of wind farm and traction station is effectively supported. Finally, a simulation model with the TPSS and wind farm is built to verify the proposed control strategy's effectiveness.
Asynchronous multi‐rate method of real‐time simulation for active distribution networks
Authors: Fu Hao , Li Peng , Fu Xiaopeng , Wang Zhiying , Yan Jinyue , Wu Jianzhong , Wang Chengshan
Published: May 2022

The real‐time simulation of active distribution networks (ADNs) can provide an accurate insight into transient behaviours, but faces challenges in simulation efficiency and flexibility brought by larger system scales and wider time‐scale ranges. This paper presents an asynchronous multi‐rate (AMR) method and design for the real‐time simulation of large‐scale ADNs. In the proposed method, the entire ADN was decoupled into different subsystems according to accuracy requirements, and optimized time‐steps were allocated to each subsystem to realize a fully distributed simulation. This not only alleviated the time‐step coordination problem existing in multi‐rate real‐time simulations, but also enhanced the flexible expansion capabilities of the real‐time simulator. To realize the AMR real‐time simulation, a multi‐rate interfacing method, synchronization mechanism, and data communication strategy are proposed in this paper, and their hardware design is also presented in detail. A modified IEEE 123‐node system with photovoltaics and wind turbine generators was simulated on a 3 field‐programmable gate arrays (FPGAs)‐based AMR real‐time simulator. The real‐time results were captured by the oscilloscope and verified with PSCAD/EMTDC, which demonstrated the superiority in simulation flexibility and accuracy compared with the synchronous multi‐rate (SMR) method.
Subarcsecond view on the high-redshift blazar GB 1508+5714 by the International LOFAR Telescope
Authors: Kappes A. , Burd P. R. , Kadler M. , Ghisellini G. , Bonnassieux E. , Perucho M. , Brüggen M. , Cheung C. C. , Ciardi B. , Gallo E. , Haardt F. , Morabito L. K. , Sbarrato T. , Drabent A. , Harwood J. , Jackson N. , Moldon J.
Published: May 2022

Context. Studies of the most distant active galactic nuclei (AGNs) allow us to test our current understanding of the physics present in radio-jetted AGNs across a range of environments, and probe their interactions with these environments. The decrease in apparent luminosity with distance is the primary difficulty to overcome in the study of these distant AGNs, which requires highly sensitive instruments.

Aims. Our goal is to employ new long wavelength radio data to better parametrise the broad-band spectral energy distribution (SED) of GB 1508+5714, a high-redshift (z = 4.30) AGN. Its high redshift, high intrinsic luminosity and classification as a blazar allow us to test emission models that consider the efficient cooling of jet electrons via inverse Compton losses in interactions with the dense cosmic microwave background (CMB) photon field at high redshifts. A significant detection of this effect in GB 1508+5714 may partly explain the apparent sparsity of high-redshift radio galaxies in wide-field surveys, detections of this kind are only becoming possible with the current generation of Square Kilometre Array (SKA) precursors.

Methods. We used the LOw-Frequency ARray (LOFAR) to image the long wavelength radio emission around the high-redshift blazar GB 1508+5714 on arcsecond scales at frequencies between 128 and 160 MHz. This allowed us to compare the spatially resolved structure with higher frequency observations, and construct spectral index maps to study the spectral properties of the different components.

Results. The LOFAR image shows a compact unresolved core and two resolved emission regions around 2 arcsec to the east and to the west of the radio core. We find structure consistent with previous Very Large Array (VLA) observations, as well as a previously unreported emission region to the east. The region in the west shows a spectral index of −1.2−0.2+0.4 while the region in the east indicates a spectral index of ≲−1.1. The radio core features aflat spectral index of 0.02 ± 0.01.

Conclusions. We interpret the arcsecond-scale radio structure of GB 1508+5714 as a FR II-like radio galaxy at a small viewing angle, and the western component as the region containing the approaching jet’s terminal hot spot while the eastern diffuse component near the core can be interpreted as the counter-hot spot region. Our SED modelling shows that a scenario featuring significant quenching effects caused by interaction with the CMB provides a good description of the data, and notably explains the suppressed radio emission.
Architectural approach to create sustainable spaces in Mexico
Authors: Ayala Dávila Jorge Alberto , Alonso García Pedro Javier , García-Luna Romero Ana Cristina
Published: May 2022

This is a project that seeks to achieve a high level of sustainability. The objective is to make proposals of materiality and architectural accessories that facilitate this scope. This proposal is one with the context of the area because the design of the sports complex and the stadium were born from guide lines that the streets, pedestrian transitions and the land itself has available. The plan of this design is to cover most of the SWOT analysis that the UN has in its 2030 plan. With this said, the stadium and the urban project will follow certain strategies that will be applied so that the new project meets these guidelines.
Metadata and Content Management Bridging Technical Documentation and Automation Technology
Authors: Baro Dana
Published: May 2022

The use of taxonomic metadata in technical communication is not only transforming more and more to multi-hierarchical ontologies but also gaining attraction and new use cases beyond technical authoring. In the field of technical documentation, by classifying text modules product documentations can be generated automatically. This approach can also be applied to other documents containing classified objects, which should be merged according to certain specifications and requirements. Based on the way of working in content management systems (CMS), in this paper, a use case from pharmaceutical machinery industry (provided by SKAN AG) is shown in which the creation of a plant-specific alarm matrix should be implemented in a partially automated way.

Depending on the complexity of the plant, usually, the process to build an alarm matrix for a project takes an automation engineer approximately two weeks and shows non-standardized manual steps and elements, that make the process complex. By developing comprehensive standards of alarm matrices, the inheritance of properties to newly created matrices should be possible with the help of metadata in order to reduce the initial creation effort. For this purpose, individual components of the alarm matrix are to be managed as objects for the variant management and component identifications are to be automated through the machine processing of the planning documents. By working out the relations between individual documents, elements, and components, the necessary basis was to be created for making the underlying logic machine-interpretable.
New Approaches Towards the Delivery of Service Information Using Semantic Correlation Rules
Authors: Lächler Dominik
Published: May 2022

Knowledge about products and their applications, as well as how to use them, is often distributed in different places within companies. In the past, this has been an internally and externally accepted situation leading to time-consuming searches for required data. Nowadays, expectations of in-time delivery of information and the general view of knowledge processes as well as on associated data are changing radically. Traditional methods and approaches for storing, distributing and accessing information are therefore in many cases inappropriate and are questioned on industry-side. For example, in the domain of customer service of B2B products in machinery industry, it was common to communicate by phone with experts and help-desk-organizations, who provided the required information by experience or by informal information exchange networks. Under the pressure of digitalization and the constant increase in efficiency, as well as the demand of customers to obtain requested information more quickly, new ways of providing and connecting information are becoming increasingly relevant. It is still unrealistic to assume that all relevant information can be prepared specific to each target group and to each application within a short period of time. Rather, the challenge is to create and store information in the future in a structured way with meaningful semantic and consistent metadata and, on the other hand, to relate this new information to existing information in such a way that the user can be helped quickly and easily. Several preconditions are crucial to build up a new information infrastructure: First, management has to be convinced of the benefits of storage and intelligent search environments and to get support from relevant stakeholders. Subsequently, new information architectures require smart approaches for content authoring and metadata enrichment supporting information delivery via different media channels for relevant customer groups. Time and effort for setting up this new architectures has to be argued and justified..
Designing a professional e-portfolio to promote 3D printing-based entrepreneurial thinking as a case study: A technical writing project
Authors: Takeuchi Makoto , Pamalla Sandeep , Roy Debopriyo
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this project is to design a professional e-portfolio in the form of an interactive website that could be potentially accessed by budding entrepreneurs looking to get information to start a 3D-printing based business locally in the Aizu/Fukushima area. 3D printing here is used as a case study to understand how such technical content could be positioned most optimally in a professional context and with maximum impact. This paper outlines a process that leads towards the final design of the website and will focus on the technical writing, design, and usability principles. Adoption of such principles is expected to make the website more interactive and usable in the target situation. This website is geared towards helping anyone who wants to start a new 3D printing business. In this research, we will limit our consideration to help people living in Aizu to revitalise the Aizu area for the 3D printing business. The content in the e-portfolio includes types of 3D printers, 3D printing technologies, sharing of 3D models, with the web design based on various types of concept mapping schemas, faceted search, SWOT analysis, etc. From this information, users can search for and browse what they want towards customising their preferences. Users can also contact the administrator for business consultations and website requests for start-ups. This is a work-in-progress paper, as the design of the e-portfolio has been left at a preliminary level, with more focus on content placement and organisation, but without any usability testing.
An Affordable 3D-printed Open-Loop Prosthetic Hand Prototype with Neural Network Learning EMG-Based Manipulation for Amputees
Authors: Phea Sinchhean , Ikechukwu Ogbodo Mark , Ben Abdallah Abderazek
Published: May 2022

Despite the advancement of prosthetic hands, many of the conventional products are difficult to control and have limited capabilities. Even though these limitations are being pushed by many state-of-the-art commercial prosthetic hand products, they are often expensive due to the high cost of production. Therefore, in the Adaptive Neuroprosthesis Arm (NeuroSys) project, we aim to develop a low-cost prosthetic hand with high functionalities that let users perform various gestures and accurate grasp. This paper mainly focuses on the sEMG signal recognition and control for a prototype 3D printed prosthetic hand model. In this work, we have considered the prosthetic hand to operate from a non-intrusive sensor, surface Electromyographic signal (sEMG). The signal used to control the prosthetic hand is received from a low-cost, 8-channel sEMG sensor, Myo armband. The sensor is placed around a person’s upper forearm under the elbow, and the signal is sent wirelessly to a computer. After the signal is received, a neural network is used to recognize and classify the intention of the signals. The network model is designed for specific individuals to increase the controllability of the prosthetic hand. Also, to mimic the real-world usage, evaluation on two different sessions is conducted. With the use of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) family, sEMG data recognition can reach around 85% of accuracy. While Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs) and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) have similar results, simple RNN unit produces very low accuracy. Also, the more session the sample data is taken, the more robust the recognition system can be. Using the Myo armband sensor, sEMG signal data during a steady state with force or no force can affect the accuracy performance of the decoding hand gestures. In terms of real-world usage, however the constant force must be applied, otherwise, the system fails to classify the gestures. Also, the variation of sensor placement can affect the deep learning model. Although, there is a trade-off between accuracy and delay, optimal window size can be explored. Using the mentioned method, a prototype of an affordable 3D printed prosthetic hand controlled using sEMG is realized, although it is still far from real-world usage.
Study of Deep Learning-based Hand Gesture Recognition Toward the Design of a Low-cost Prosthetic Hand
Authors: Yamato Saikawa , Ben Abdallah Abderazek
Published: May 2022

Background: The surface EMG (sEMG) signal is inherently noisy and, therefore, not a robust input source for prosthetic systems, especially for fatigue, electrode displacement, and sweat conditions. We propose to address these issues by designing a multi-modal approach that combines vision and EMG empowered with appropriate dataset collection.

Methods: In Frame-based, the machine learning model used for recognition was a 2D-CNN. The data is image data that is input to the model by preparing videos showing 10 patterns of hand gestures along with multiple backgrounds, and dividing these videos into frames. These image data are then pre-processed and input to the machine learning model. The model is then evaluated in terms of the accuracy of hand gesture identification using the test data and the loss value, which represents the error between the expected data and the correct data output. In EMG, the Myo armband is placed on the forearm and the sEMG of 200 (Hz) is measured. There are six patterns of hand gestures in this process. Similar to the images, these sEMG data are preprocessed and input to a machine learning model for classification. The model is evaluated the model by the accuracy of hand gesture identification using the test data and the loss value, precision, recall , F1-score.

Results: The value of the loss function in case of frame-based was 0.0770 and the accuracy was 0.9739 at 1000 epochs of the training data. And the value of the loss function values in the test data were 0.1011 for the loss value and 0.9657 for the accuracy. In the case of EMG, the loss value was 0.931 when the time to maintain the gesture was the longest, and the loss value was 0.171. However, Precision, Recall, and F1-score were not the highest at the longest time for some gestures.

Conclusion: In this paper, we created a hand gesture identification software using Frame-based and sEMG, and measured its accuracy and loss value. For sEMG, we used Precision, Recall, and F1-score to check the metrics of each gesture identification. The frame-based results showed good results in both precision and loss values. sEMG showed an improvement in precision and loss values as the time length increased, but there was a tendency to decrease in some indices. In the future, it is necessary to explore the local relationship between finger and forearm to optimize out learning model.
Vehicle Classification Using Digital Image Processing Based on Convolutional Neural Network for The Electronic Ticketing System in Indonesia
Authors: Fasya Rahim Namira , Syalomta Nathaniel , Usman Koredianto , Caecar Pratiwi Nor Kumalasari
Published: May 2022

Traffic violations can lead to traffic congestion or even collisions. However, Indonesia’s traffic fining system is still incompatible because officers often take illegal levies. In the development of modern society, a system that can support electronic based to facilitate the community’s needs in the field of transportation, especially in the identification and classification system of vehicle types, is needed. Therefore, this study proposed a system that can classify vehicle types into four classes: motorcycles, cars, trucks, and buses using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) method for feature extraction and classification with a self-constructed architecture named NN-Net that consist of three hidden layers and AlexNet architecture which has eight hidden layers. The design model uses various input image sizes, optimizers, and learning rates to get the best model. We achieved an accuracy of 99,14% using the AlexNet architecture with an optimum hyperparameter combination model. Based on our results, the proposed system can be helpful to solve Indonesia’s ticketing system problem.
Face Expressions Recognition Based on Image Processing using Convolutional Neural Network for Human Computer Interface
Authors: Syalomta Nathaniel , Fasya Rahim Namira , Usman Koredianto , Caecar Pratiwi Nor Kumalasari
Published: May 2022

Feelings, communicated in various structures, are a specific relational correspondence. The emotional state helps in an independent direction, helps inventiveness, and oversees human comprehension and human-machine correspondence. In a couple of years, the need to recognize an individual’s feelings is expanding, and interest in human feeling acknowledgment in different fields has been expanding, however not restricted to human-PC interfaces and metropolitan sound discernment. This study proposed a new self-constructed architecture named NNN-Net to compare it with famous AlexNet architecture. We use the same parameters, input size, optimizer, and learning rate in both architectures to find the best combinations that will perform the best result. The dataset that we use is CK+48, one of the famous datasets to study face expression recognition. We also augmented the dataset to increase the number of images for each class and balance the dataset. Furthermore, we found that our NNN-Net shows better results with an exact combination of parameters. The best accuracy result is 98.63%. at last, this study can be helpful as a foundation to classify students’ expression using an online meeting platform.
Capturing a snapshot in VR space
Authors: Yamada Daiki , Cohen Michael
Published: May 2022

We propose a new way to capture snapshots in virtual space. We created a demonstration of how this method could be incorporated into other VR (virtual reality) contents. Using an Oculus Quest HMD (headmounted display), we created VR utility that runs on game engine Unity. We used bimanual controllers to take snapshots. The area framed by the bimanual controllers can be cropped and saved as a PNG image. It also has the functions to zoom in and out of the camera using the position of the player’s HMD, to capture non-horizontal images, to dynamically apply graphical effects, and to create stereoscopic imagery. This system is a more intuitive and fun way to capture virtual snapshots.
Preprocessing Pipelines for EEG
Authors: Maria Sherly , J Chandra
Published: May 2022

(Use the Microsoft Word template style: Author Email) or (Use Times New Roman Font: 10 pt, Italic, Centered) Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals collected, present a lot of challenges in order to process the data. Usually, the signals collected contain a lot of artifacts and noises. To address this issue and to make the preprocessing method easier and automated. EEG is widely used to record brain signals and activity for clinical and research purposes. EEG signals are the best way to understand brain signals compared to other methods because of how accurate it is. However, it comes with certain setbacks like being highly sensitive to noise and susceptible to artifacts. Hence developing a pre-processing method ensures a smooth understanding of the signals. These pre-processing methods include filtering and noise removal techniques. Section 1 includes the pre-processing pipelines that have been popularly used by researchers during this study. Section 2 consists of the results and comparisons of various pipelines and our understanding of what is more effective.
Generation as a key factor in the diversity of journalistic cultures in Greece
Authors: Gioltzidou Georgia , Gioltzidou Fotini
Published: May 2022

Although everything is running extremely fast in today's age, is undoubtedly interesting the fact that people are always able to maneuver, adapt and adjust to new situations, one way or another. The same applies for the journalistic field. Amidst the rapidly ongoing developments and the evolution progress of technology, the traditional journalists observe enormous changes, often frightening, in front of their eyes. Their professional lives have undergone great changes and adaptations. Generations come and go, facing at the same time elements of convergence and divergence. How have these journalists managed to balance between the past and the future of journalism? What helped them to adapt in a world that is quite unidentified to them? What are the big differences that lay between today's and yesterday's field of journalism? What are the positive and the negative effects of the technological and educational revolution in the field of journalism? And finally, how do the different journalistic cultures influence the produced journalistic material? This study aims to investigate the different journalistic cultures in Greece, how journalists are affected by the ongoing changes, but also how they affect the profession itself, through an overview in a theoretical framework, but also through the personal experiences of journalists who have been professionals in different periods of time over the last 40 years in Greece.
Efficacy of Short Simulation Videos on Feedback for Smart
Hospital Environments
Authors: Takai Kazuma , Roy Debopriyo
Published: May 2022

This project is focused on developing smart health infrastructure with simulations of a smart hospital physical environment. The focus of the project is exclusively on “the physical architecture of a smart hospital”. The project is driven by the motivation to develop preliminary amateur simulations of smart environments for a hospital setting that could potentially help planners develop an understanding of how to develop the current infrastructure. Today's world is rapidly evolving and with expanding research on smart city digital environments, but smartification of physical hospital infrastructure is significant and part of the entire development of a smart environment in hospitals or in any smart environment. Further, such implementation is extremely important in small towns and in less developed economies. As the population grows or the need for more specialized treatment rises, the demand for medical services is increasing rapidly. The goal of this study is to develop quick simulated environment landscapes towards making a few productive suggestions that could potentially lead to developing a smart environment in a specific Aizu-area hospital (as a case study). In this context, the physical architecture of the selected zones in Takeda hospital will be further investigated. The focus of the project is not architecture or smart interior designing, but the efficacy of quick video simulations in generating basic ideas and collecting quick feedback, and thus, ability to use the software called Google Sketch-up productively and use it to run basic usability studies to explore how citizens react to such video simulations, and what they think to be lacking in such quick simulation videos. In other words, the idea is to learn the impact of video simulations as stimuli in helping citizens to generate more ideas about their needs in a hospital environment, and then communicate the same with architects and/or city planners as the next step.
Robotics and cbt and entertainment in the enhancement of children with asd, mental disorders, dysfunctional emotions and irrational beliefs
Authors: Filiou Areti-Eirini
Published: May 2022

Children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently present symptoms of various mental disorders along with the features that define ASD. Problems with anxiety, depression, emotion regulation, cognitive problems, such as deficits in theory of mind, and associated behavioral problems, occur in children with autism of all ages [5]. In recent years, the application of robots in therapeutic interventions for children with neurodevelopment disorders and more specifically in children with ASD, has aroused the interest of the robotic community and experts in the field of autism [3]. Socially Assistive Robots are promising in their potential to promote and support mental health in children with ASD. There is a growing number of studies investigating the feasibility and effectiveness of robot interventions in supporting children’s mental wellbeing, such as helping in anxiety, depression and socio-emotional problems [3, 4]. Several authors have also suggested Cognitive and Behavior Therapy (CBT) as a very useful intervention therapy, which can apply in combination with a social assistive robot [5, 6, 8]. CBT has specific strategies that can be very supportive and particularly useful for individual’s problems. Many applications of this combination have shown substantial improvements in stress management, contextualized emotion recognition and theory of mind. With a coordinated effort, robot, cbt techniques and collaboration with mental health consultants, children with ASD can improve their social, emotional and behavioral competence [5].
Advanced endoscopic resection for colorectal dysplasia in inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis
Authors: Mohapatra Sonmoon , Sankaramangalam Kesavan , Lopimpisuth Chawin , Moninuola Oluwatoba , Simons Malorie , Nanavati Julie , Jager Leah , Goldstein Debra , Broder Arkady , Akshintala Venkata , Chowdhury Reezwana , Parian Alyssa , Lazarev Mark G. , Ngamruengphong Saowanee
Published: May 2022

Background and study aims Little is known about outcomes of advanced endoscopic resection (ER) for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with dysplasia. The aim of our meta-analysis was to estimate the safety and efficacy of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for dysplastic lesions in patients with IBD.

Methods We performed a systematic review through Jan 2021 to identify studies of IBD with dysplasia that was treated by EMR or ESD. We estimated the pooled rates of complete ER, adverse events, post-ER surgery, and recurrence. Proportions were pooled by random effect models.

Results Eleven studies including 506 patients and 610 lesions were included. Mean lesion size was 23 mm. The pooled rate of complete ER was 97.9 % (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 95.3 % to 99.7 %). The pooled rate of endoscopic perforation was 0.8 % (95 % CI:0.1 % to 2.2 %) while bleeding occurred in 1.6 % of patients (95 %CI:0.4 % to 3.3 %). Overall, 6.6 % of patients (95 %CI:3.6 % to 10.2 %) underwent surgery after an ER. Among 471 patients who underwent surveillance, local recurrence occurred in 4.9 % patients (95 % CI:1.0 % to 10.7 %) and metachronous lesions occurred in 7.4 % patients (95 %CI:1.5 % to 16 %) over a median follow-up of 33 months. Metachronous colorectal cancer (CRC) was detected in 0.2 % of patients (95 %CI:0 % to 2.2 %) during the surveillance period.

Conclusions Advanced ER is safe and effective in the management of large dysplastic lesions in IBD and warrants consideration as first-line therapy. Although the risk of developing CRC after ER is low, meticulous endoscopic surveillance is crucial to monitor for local or metachronous recurrence of dysplasia.
Modified line-assisted complete closure of the defect after gastric endoscopic full-thickness resection: a pilot study in porcine models
Authors: Yamasaki Yasushi , Ohmori Masayasu , Toyosawa Junki , Ako Soichiro , Okada Hiroyuki
Published: May 2022

Background and study aims Closure after endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) is challenging. We previously developed a simple endoscopic closure method: line-assisted complete closure (LACC). We performed a pilot study using porcine models to evaluate the feasibility of modified LACC after gastric EFTR.

Patients and methods Six live pigs were included. EFTR (greater curvature of the gastric antrum [n = 3] and anterior wall of the gastric body [n = 3]) was performed under general anesthesia and the defect after EFTR was closed by modified LACC. The pigs were observed until postoperative day 4 (Day 4). The closure site was endoscopically evaluated and the presence or absence of peritonitis and fluid leakage was evaluated. The outcomes were the success rate of modified LACC on the day of the procedure, maintenance of defect closure, presence of peritonitis or leakage, and clinical course.

Results Once complete closure was successfully achieved in all cases, maintenance of closure on Day 4 was not achieved. However, there was neither peritonitis nor fluid leakage. The defect was completely covered by surrounding tissues on Day 4 and the clinical course was good in all cases.

Conclusions The feasibility of modified LACC after gastric EFTR was demonstrated in porcine models. Further improvement is needed to maintain defect closure.
Resection depth for small colorectal polyps comparing cold snare polypectomy, hot snare polypectomy and underwater endoscopic mucosal resection
Authors: Toyosawa Junki , Yamasaki Yasushi , Fujimoto Tsuyoshi , Tanaka Shouichi , Tanaka Takehiro , Mitsuhashi Toshiharu , Okada Hiroyuki
Published: May 2022

Background and study aims Small colorectal polyps are removed by various methods, including cold snare polypectomy (CSP), hot snare polypectomy (HSP), and underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR), but the indications for using these methods are unclear. We retrospectively assessed the efficacy of CSP, HSP, and UEMR for small polyps, focusing on the depth of the resected specimens.

Patients and methods Outpatients with non-pedunculated small polyps (endoscopically diagnosed as 6 to 9 mm), resected by two endoscopists between July 2019 and September 2020, were enrolled. We histologically evaluated the specimens resected via CSP, HSP, and UEMR. The main outcome was the containment rate of the muscularis mucosa (MM) and submucosa (SM) tissues.

Results Forty polyps resected via CSP (n = 14), HSP (n = 12), or UEMR (n = 14) were enrolled after excluding 13 polyps with resection depths that were difficult to determine. The rates of specimens containing MM and SM tissue differed significantly (57 % and 29 % for CSP, 92 % and 83 % for HSP, and 100 % and 100 % for UEMR, respectively (P = 0.005 for MM and P < 0.001 for SM tissue). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed UEMR was an independent factor relating to the containment of SM tissue. The thickness of SM tissue by CSP, HSP, and UEMR were 52 μm, 623 μm, and 1119 μm, respectively (P < 0.001). The thickness by CSP was significantly less than those by HSP and UEMR (P < 0.001, Bonferroni correction).

Conclusions UEMR could be the best method to contain SM tissue without injection. Further studies are needed to evaluate the indication of UEMR for small polyps.
Effectiveness and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection using the pocket creation method in the Japanese population: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shinozaki Satoshi , Hayashi Yoshikazu , Miura Yoshimasa , Yano Tomonori , Lefor Alan Kawarai , Yamamoto Hironori
Published: May 2022

Background and study aims Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a standard method for minimally invasive resection of superficial gastrointestinal tumors. The pocket creation method (PCM) facilitates ESD regardless of location in the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ESD for superficial neoplasms in the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract comparing the PCM to the non-PCM.

Methods Randomized controlled, prospective, and retrospective studies comparing the PCM with the non-PCM were included. Outcomes included en bloc resection, R0 resection, dissection speed, delayed bleeding and perforation. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) using the Mantel-Haenszel random effect model were documented.

Results Eight studies including gastric, duodenal, and colorectal ESD were included. The en bloc resection rate was significantly higher in the PCM group than the non-PCM group (OR 3.87, 95 %CI 1.24–12.10 P = 0.020). The R0 resection rate was significantly higher in the PCM group than the non-PCM group (OR 2.46, 95 %CI 1.14–5.30, P = 0.020). The dissection speed was significantly faster in the PCM group than the non-PCM group (mean difference 3.13, 95 % CI 1.35–4.91, P < 0.001). The rate of delayed bleeding was similar in the two groups (OR 1.13, 95 %CI 0.60–2.15, P = 0.700). The rate of perforation was significantly lower in the PCM group than the non-PCM group (OR 0.34, 95 %CI 0.15–0.76, P = 0.009).

Conclusions The PCM facilitates high-quality, fast and safe colorectal ESD. Further studies are needed regarding the utility of PCM in ESD of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
Einstellung zur Grippeimpfung im Herbst/Winter 2021:
Ergebnisse der COSMO-Studie
Authors: Hajek André , De Bock Freia , Merkel Christina , Eitze Sarah , Betsch Cornelia , Bosnjak Michael , Wieler Lothar H. , König Hans-Helmut
Published: May 2022

Ziel der Studie Bisher fehlt es hierzulande an Erkenntnissen zur
Einstellung zur Grippeimpfung in der Grippesaison 2021/2022. Basierend
auf der COSMO-Befragung („COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring“) ist es
daher das Ziel dieser Studie, die Einstellung zur Grippeimpfung näher zu
beleuchten.

Methodik Welle 49 (10. und 11. August 2021) der COSMO-Studie
(n=967; deutschlandweite nicht-probabilistische Quotenstichprobe; 18 bis
74 Jahre).

Ergebnisse Dieses Jahr plant ca. ein Drittel der Befragten (und der
Beschäftigten im Gesundheitswesen) eine Grippeimpfung und bei der
Risikogruppe der über 60-Jährigen (bis 74 Jahre in unserer
Stichprobe) mehr als die Hälfte. Entsprechende Korrelate (wie das
Geschlecht: Frauen mit einer geringeren Wahrscheinlichkeit einer beabsichtigten
Grippeimpfung) wurden identifiziert.

Schlussfolgerung Ärztinnen und Ärzte sollten insbesondere
auch Frauen über die Vorteile der Grippeschutzimpfung, gerade auch in
der Pandemie, informieren und Daten zur nachgewiesenen Schutzwirkung der
Grippeimpfung möglichst überzeugend (z. B. unter Nutzung
bestehender Broschüren) kommunizieren.
Kognitive und nicht-kognitive, arztrelevante Kompetenzen zur Auswahl
angehender Landärzt*innen in Bayern:
Institutsübergreifendes Corona-konformes
Auswahlverfahren
Authors: Schmidt Sebastian , Andersch-Rupprecht Claudia , Haderer Marika , Spaic Alexandra , Bader Alisa , Ibler Ksenia , Emmert Martin , Nagel Eckhard
Published: May 2022

Zielsetzung Es besteht die Herausforderung, der im ländlichen Raum
in Bayern existierenden Unterversorgung entgegenzuwirken. Als eine
Möglichkeit sieht die Maßnahme „Landarztquote“
die Vergabe dezidierter Medizinstudienplätze für angehende
Fachärzt*innen mit hausärztlicher Tätigkeit vor.
Ein spezifisches Auswahlverfahren für zukünftige
Medizin-Studierende wurde unter den Sicherheits- und Hygienebedingungen der
Corona-Pandemie etabliert und sicher umgesetzt werden.

Methode In Bayern wurde ein zweistufiges Auswahlverfahren entwickelt und
2021 erstmals vollständig für die Auswahl der Studierenden
angewandt. Aufgrund der Corona-Pandemie wurden im Vorjahr lediglich die
Ergebnisse aus Stufe 1, zur Auswahl angehender Studierenden,
berücksichtigt. Kognitive und nicht-kognitive Kriterien wurden in einem
2-stufigen Auswahlverfahren einbezogen. In der zweiten Stufe wurden
arztrelevante Kompetenzen (z. B. Resilienz,
Problemlösefähigkeit, Empathie und Mitgefühl,
Kommunikationsfähigkeit, ethische Entscheidungsfindung sowie Beratungs-
und Sozialkompetenz) durch vier Multiple Mini Interviews sowie einem
10-minütigen, semi-strukturierten Einzelinterview durch bayerische
Hausärzt*innen bewertet. Es konnten maximal 100 Punkte erreicht
werden. Ein digital-kontaktfreies Auswahlverfahren wurde zur Sicherstellung der
Schutz- und Hygienebedingungen im Kontext der Interviews etabliert und
erfolgreich umgesetzt.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt haben sich 436 Personen im Rahmen der bayerischen
Landarztquote für das Wintersemester 2021/2022 beworben. 226
Bewerber*innen wurden zu den Auswahlgesprächen auf der zweiten
Stufe eingeladen, wovon 115 Bewerber*innen einen Studienplatz erhalten
haben. 64% der Teilnehmenden verfügten bereits über eine
abgeschlossene medizinische Berufsausbildung, der Abiturdurchschnitt lag bei
2,4.

Schlussfolgerung Durch das entwickelte Auswahlverfahren wurden im Rahmen
der bayerischen Landarztquote Bewerber*innen identifiziert und anhand
objektiver Kriterien ausgewählt. Mit den 115 final ausgewählten
Bewerber*innen wurden alle zur Verfügung stehenden
Medizinstudienplätze besetzt. Es ist zu evaluieren, inwiefern die
ausgewählten Bewerber*innen perspektivisch dem drohenden Mangel
an angehenden Fachärzt*innen mit hausärztlicher
Tätigkeit entgegenwirken (können).
Synthesis of Secondary Amines with Long Chains Containing Ether Bonds
Authors: Ding Songdong , Xu Haowei , Yang Xiuying , Song Lianjun , Wang Xueyu , Li Qiuju , He Lanlan
Published: May 2022

A novel class of secondary amines with long chains containing ether bonds were synthesized by a three-step protection–etherification–deprotection process from diethanolamine. The optimum reaction conditions were examined. This method has the advantages of simplicity, low cost, and high yield. Furthermore, some new downstream products (diglycolamides) were prepared from the ether-containing long-chain secondary amines as reactants, and their loading capacities in extractions of several metal ions were evaluated.
Trench field-effect transistors integrated in a microfluidic channel and design considerations for charge detection
Authors: Park Dong-Wook , Tsvid Gene , Hernandez-Ortiz Juan P. , Schwartz David C. , Ma Zhenqiang
Published: May 2022

Field-effect transistors (FETs) combined with a microfluidic system allow for the electrical detection of charged materials moving in a microfluidic channel. Here, we demonstrate trench-shaped silicon FETs with the combination of a microfluidic channel that can be used for simultaneous electrical and optical detection of charged fluorescent beads. The n-channel silicon trench FETs have a maximum transconductance of 1.83 × 10−5 S at near-zero gate bias voltage, which is beneficial for the high sensitivity of electrical detection. The optical transparency and physical robustness of the integrated microfluidic channel are achieved by a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/glass hybrid cover combining the good sealing characteristics of PDMS, and the thin and flat properties of glass. Device evaluation methodologies and measurement approaches are also presented demonstrating a synchronized time-lapse imaging and electronic detection of bead transport. The proposed device and design consideration could advance the promise of electronic sensing to measure potential differences induced by charged analytes.
Exploring implosion designs for increased compression on the National Ignition Facility using high density carbon ablators
Authors: Clark D. S. , Casey D. T. , Weber C. R. , Jones O. S. , Baker K. L. , Dewald E. L. , Divol L. , Do A. , Kritcher A. L. , Landen O. L. , Millot M. , Milovich J. L. , Smalyuk V. A. , Strozzi D. J. , Pak A. E. , Tommasini R. , Edwards M. J.
Published: May 2022

It has long been recognized that high compression, and hence good confinement, is essential to achieving high yields in inertial confinement fusion implosions. In pursuit of multi-megajoule yields on the National Ignition Facility (NIF), a new campaign has begun aimed at testing the hypothesis that controlling hydrodynamic stability is key to achieving effective higher compression with the high density carbon ablators currently fielded on NIF. This campaign is built around a new implosion design, called SQ-n, that is derived from the uniquely stable Bigfoot design tested on NIF in 2016–2019. While very stable and with performance that was quite close to one-dimensional expectations, Bigfoot was a relatively high adiabat, and consequently lower compression design. The goal of SQ-n is then to evolve Bigfoot toward a higher compression design but without compromising its unique stability characteristics. Specifically, SQ-n adopts a ramped foot pulse shape to minimize early time Richtmyer–Meshkov instability growth and uses an ablator dopant distribution extending all of the way to the fuel–ablator interface that simulations suggest further reduces perturbation growth. This paper describes the design philosophy pursued with SQ-n, the results of instability modeling of the candidate design, and the experimental campaign planned to test these ideas in the near future.
Large eddy simulation of a thermal impinging jet using the lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Nguyen M. , Boussuge J. F. , Sagaut P. , Larroya-Huguet J. C.
Published: May 2022

A compressible Hybrid Lattice Boltzmann Method solver is used to perform a wall-resolved Large eddy simulation of an isothermal axisymmetric jet issuing from a pipe and impinging on a heated flat plate at a Reynolds number of 23 000, a Mach number of 0.1, and an impingement distance of two jet diameters. The jet flow field statistics, Nusselt number profile (including the secondary peak), and shear stress profile were well reproduced. The azimuthal coherence of the primary vortical structures was relatively low, leading to no discernible temporal periodicity of the azimuthally averaged Nusselt number at the location of the secondary peak. While local unsteady near-wall flow separation was observed in the wall jet, this flow separation did not exhibit azimuthal coherence and was not found to be the only cause of the thermal spots blue, which lead to the secondary peak in the Nusselt number, as stream-wise oriented structures also played a significant role in increasing the local heat transfer.
A sensitive WS
Authors: Qin Guoxin , Zhou Qifeng , Li Huiling , Yan Feiyan , He Jie , Wei Yuning , Wang Haijun , Chen Yongxian , Lao Shuibing , Yang Yuxia , Luo Lihong , Mo Renfu
Published: May 2022

In this article, we report a tungsten disulphide (WS2) nanosheet sensing platform based on chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET) for light on detection of ochratoxin A (OTA). The CRET system involves OTA aptamer-12-mer linker-DNAzyme, phosphate-DNA, lambda exonuclease (λexo), hemin, H2O2, luminol and a WS2 nanosheet. Based on the change in chemiluminescence intensity resulting from the OTA aptamer-12-mer linker-G-Quadruplexes/Hemin DNAzymes affinity for or desorption from the WS2 nanosheet surface in the presence and absence of OTA, an ultra-sensitive CRET-based sensor system is proposed, in which the OTA aptamer-12-mer linker-G-Quadruplexes/Hemin DNAzymes–H2O2–luminol and WS2 nanosheets act as CRET donors and acceptors, respectively. Various factors affecting the detection of OTA, including the incubation time of the OTA aptamer-12 mer linker-G-Quadruplexes/Hemin DNAzyme and WS2 nanosheet, the amount of λexo, concentrations of the WS2 nanosheet, luminol and H2O2, and pH value of the chemiluminescence reaction solution were investigated in detail. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the relative luminesecence intensity of the sensing system exhibited a good linear correlation with the OTA concentration in the range of 1.0–10.0 ng mL–1 with a LOD of 0.13 ng mL–1. The proposed CRET-based sensing system also exhibited excellent recoveries of 85.7–93.0% in rice samples and showed good application prospects for the analysis and detection of OTA, which is also easily extended to assay other biomolecules by simply changing the recognition sequence with the substrate aptamer.
Yield and quality improvements in
Authors: Zhang Caihong , Gao Hui , Wan Weifan , Li Haigang
Published: May 2022

Context The yield and quality of Leymus chinensis, a major forage resource with high nutritional value, is strongly affected by chemical fertiliser application. Aims Comprehensive estimation of the effects of different fertilisation practices on the yield and quality of L. chinensis. Methods In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis using 206 valid datasets extracted from 10 studies on L. chinensis growth responses to chemical fertilisation in China. Key results Yield increases resulting from fertilisation were higher on alkaline soil with a pH >7.0 and aeolian soil with a coarse texture. Forage yield and quality were also associated with the fertiliser combinations and the fertiliser types. Compared with no fertiliser treatment, the yield increase was higher under NP (NPK) fertiliser application (74.7%; P < 0.05) than N or P fertiliser alone. Application of NP (NPK) fertiliser significantly increased the crude protein content, while N fertiliser reduced the crude fiber content and increased the crude fat content. Moreover, the combined application of macro-and micronutrient fertilisers resulted in a substantial increase in yield and quality. The optimal benefits of fertilisation were achieved in aeolian soil with a pH of 7.9–9.5. Conclusions Reasonable selection of fertilisers should therefore, be implemented to ensure high-yielding, high-quality L. chinensis based on local soil conditions in different regions. Implications The results of this study provide essential information for the formulation of reasonable fertilisation regimes and sustainable production of L. chinensis.