bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rampant intraspecific variation of plastid genomes in Gentiana section Chondrophyllae
Authors: Sun Shan‐Shan , Pan Zhi‐Yong , Fu Yu , Wang Shen‐Jue , Fu Peng‐Cheng
Published: September 2024

Exploring the level of intraspecific diversity in taxa experienced radiation is helpful to understanding speciation and biodiversity assembly. Gentiana section Chondrophyllae sensu lato encompasses more than 180 species and occupies more a half of species in the genus. In this study, we collected samples across the range of three species (Gentiana aristata, G. crassuloides and G. haynaldii) in section Chondrophyllae s.l., and recovered the intra‐species variation by comparing with closely related taxon. Using 25 newly sequenced plastid genomes together with previously published data, we compared structural differences, quantified the variations in plastome size, and measured nucleotide diversity in various regions. Our results showed that the plastome size variation in the three Chondrophyllae species ranged from 285 to 628 bp, and the size variation in LSC, IR and SSC ranged from 236 to 898 bp, 52 to 393 bp and 135 to 356 bp, respectively. Nucleotide diversity of plastome or any of the four regions was much higher than the control species. The average nucleotide diversity in plastomes of the three species ranged from 0.0010 to 0.0023 in protein coding genes, and from 0.0023 to 0.0061 in intergenic regions. More repeat sequence variations were detected within the three Chondrophyllae species than the control species. Various plastid sequence matrixes resulted in different backbone topology in two target species, showed uncertainty in phylogenetic relationship based inference. In conclusion, our results recovered that species of G. section Chondrophyllae s.l. has high intraspecific plastome variation, and provided insights into the radiation in this speciose lineage.
Plant functional trait is a strong predictor of ecosystem productivity under altered precipitation in desert steppes
Authors: Zhang Lihua , Ren Xiaotong , Guo Yafei , Zhao Ruifeng , Jiang Xiaoyu , Wei Xi , Yang Linqi , Kang Lifang
Published: September 2024

The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function has always been one of the hot issues in the field of ecology. With the acceleration of global warming, the precipitation pattern has become one of the main drivers of biodiversity loss, which has a profound impact on ecosystem functional services and stability. However, the studies on the effects and mechanisms of plant community diversity and ecosystem productivity under precipitation changes in desert steppe are still unclear. According to the change rate (−41.1% to 39.2%) of precipitation in the study area in recent 50 years, five precipitation gradients (i.e., −40%, −20%, CK, +20% and +40%) were set to simulate the possible future precipitation pattern changes. Aboveground biomass increased with the increase of precipitation. Compared with CK, the aboveground biomass increased by 22.81% with +40% and decreased by 80.71% with −40%, and the negative impact of precipitation decrease on aboveground biomass was more significant. Through multiple stepwise regression analyses, species diversity, functional diversity and phylogenetic diversity were identified as the best models of aboveground biomass. The results showed that the aboveground biomass changes could be explained by 51.3%, 81.6%, 32.6% and 60% respectively. Combined with plant community diversity, the final index model was obtained through multiple stepwise regression analyses, which could explain 88.3% of changes in aboveground biomass. In this model, The average coefficient of specific leaf area and leaf thickness had a very high significance level, and these two functional traits of dominant species had a greater explanatory power for ecosystem system function. There was a nonlinear correlation between precipitation and aboveground biomass, and drought had a more significant negative effect on aboveground biomass. Compared with species diversity and phylogenetic diversity, plant functional traits can better explain ecosystem productivity. Selection effects are the main maintenance mechanism of desert steppe community productivity under the background of precipitation change.
Epidemiology of paediatric chronic heart failure in Germany—A population‐based analysis
Authors: Bobrowski Alexej , Klebs Sven , Alibone Marco , Bovy Leonore , Häckl Dennis , Fleck Thilo , Stiller Brigitte
Published: September 2024

Aims

Paediatric chronic heart failure (CHF) is associated with significant morbidity. The aim of this study was to describe paediatric CHF epidemiology in Germany.

Methods and results

This is a retrospective cross‐sectional analysis of anonymized healthcare claims data in the InGef database. This database includes longitudinal data from a representative sample of the German population of approximately 4.8 million insured members. We included individuals <18 years from 2016 to 2021. CHF was defined by ≥2 diagnoses in different quarters of the year as inpatient or outpatient, using ICD‐10‐GM codes I50.‐ or P29.0.

The number of eligible children in the database was 674 462 in 2016 and 660 692 in 2021. Prevalence of CHF per 100 000 children was 20.6 [95% confidence interval (CI), 17.3–24.3] in 2016 and 19.4 (95% CI, 16.2 to 23.0) in 2021. Incidence per 100 000 children was 9.6 (95% CI, 7.4 to 12.3) in 2016 and 7.6 (95% CI, 5.6 to 10.0) in 2021 for newly diagnosed CHF. All‐cause hospitalizations occurred in 47.3% to 57.7% of children with CHF per year. Up to 6.3% of children with CHF were hospitalized, coded primarily for heart failure. Mortality of children with CHF was <5 death per year in the studied population. In 128 children with CHF in 2021, the most common ICD‐coded comorbidities were congenital malformations of cardiac septa (57.8%), atrial septal defect (44.5%), congenital malformations of the great arteries (43.0%) and ventricular septal defect (32.0%). Coded treatment modalities for paediatric CHF in 2021 included angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (18.8%), beta‐blockers (17.2%), mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (14.8%) and surgical procedures (13.3%).

Conclusions

This representative cohort study reveals a relatively high incidence proportion. Approximately half of the children with CHF are hospitalized annually while mortality is low.
Permafrost thaw and thermokarst in the source region of the Yangtze river in the central Tibetan plateau revealed by radar and optical remote sensing
Authors: Wang Lingxiao , Huang Chenqi , Zhao Lin , Zhou Huayun , Liu Shibo , Tang Yunqi , Li Zhibin , Xiao Yao , Zou Defu , Liu Guangyue , Du Erji , Hu Guojie , Wang Chong
Published: September 2024

The landscape and landforms in permafrost regions are transforming due to climate change and permafrost thaw. This study uses optical and radar remote sensing, alongside spatial analysis, to examine thermokarst features and their driving factors in the source region of the Yangtze River (SRYR) on the central Tibetan Plateau. We analyse the distribution, interaction, and key environmental factors influencing thermokarst ponds and ground surface deformation, which are the two widespread and noticeable thermokarst features. Since the 1960s, the number of small water bodies has doubled from approximately ~2 × 104 to ~4 × 104 by the 2020s, with the median size of these water bodies decreasing from 2.3 × 104 m2 to 1.4 × 104 m2. The permafrost terrain has an average subsidence rate of 6.8 mm/a. About 50.9% of the SRYR exhibits evident thermokarst features. Surficial geological factors, especially geomorphology and slope, are primary factors in shaping the spatial distributions of thermokarst features. Both seasonal deformation and long‐term subsidence rates are more pronounced in areas with thermokarst ponds. However, once pond coverage exceeds around 5%, the amplifying effect on long‐term subsidence rates and seasonal deformation diminishes. The investigation further reveals that the relationship between seasonal deformation and long‐term subsidence is not strictly linear and that the combined increase in seasonal deformation and long‐term subsidence applies only to areas with seasonal deformation below approximately 20 mm. Beyond this threshold, the long‐term subsidence rate is no longer exacerbated by increased seasonal deformation.
Mg‐Ion Conducting Gel Polymer Electrolyte Based on High Flash Point Solvent Adiponitrile for Magnesium Ion Batteries
Authors: Kumari Pratibha , Yadav Neetu , Hashmi S. A.
Published: September 2024

Due to some specific properties of adiponitrile (ADN) including high oxidative stability and high flash point, it is proposed as co‐solvent with an ionic liquid (IL) as a promising electrolyte solvent for application in magnesium batteries. Herein, we report a flexible film of gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) comprising a polymer poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF‐HFP) in which a liquid electrolyte of Mg‐trifluoromethane sulfonate (Mg‐triflate) in the mixture of ADN:IL (1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium triflate, EMITf) is immobilized for use in Mg‐batteries. The structural/morphological properties of the GPE film have been characterized via different physical techniques. The high ionic conductivity (σRT = 5.9 mS cm−1), wide potential range of oxidative stability (~4.18 V vs. Mg/Mg2+), high Mg‐ion transport number (tMg2+ = 0.67) and thermal stability up to ~160°C ascertain the compatibility of electrolyte film in magnesium batteries with high voltage cathode materials. The comparative studies of the interfacial‐stability and Mg‐stripping/plating tests on the two symmetrical cells with Mg and Mg/MWCNTs nanocomposite electrodes show the improved reversibility of the electrolyte film with Mg‐MWCNTs powder as anode material, compared with pure Mg‐powder. The overall results indicate that the GPE based on binary solvent mixture ADN:IL is high performance flexible electrolyte for Mg‐batteries with Mg‐MWCNTs powder as anode material.
Unveiling the Neurocognitive Impact of Food Aroma Molecules on Pleasantness Perception: Insights From EEG and Key Brain LFT Activation
Authors: Ke Qinfei , Zhang Jingzhi , Huang Taicheng , Huang Xin , Li Qian , Lu Zhiguo , Kou Xingran
Published: September 2024

Food aroma molecules have the potential to influence people's emotions through the olfactory pathway and are anticipated to emerge as a new method for regulating emotional states, owing to their simplicity and high acceptance. Current research on food aroma predominantly centres on the physicochemical properties and formation mechanisms of aroma components, neglecting the effects of aroma molecules in emotional regulation. Moreover, the evaluation of pleasantness, a pivotal dimension of emotions, lacks objective assessment methods. In this study, sensory assessments of pleasantness for 12 aroma compounds were gathered from 45 subjects, and their correlation with the brain's activity responses in the left frontal‐temporal lobe (LFT) and right frontal‐temporal lobe (RFT) using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals was analysed. The results revealed a close relationship between brain activity in the LFT and the perception of aroma pleasantness. Furthermore, a substantial correlation was observed between the α, β and γ frequency bands in the LFT and the subjective pleasantness scores. These findings demonstrate that the LFT plays a critical role in evaluating the pleasantness of aroma molecules, and that changes in the power of the α, β and γ bands serve as important evaluation indicators. Consequently, this method offers a new objective means for assessing pleasantness to find higher pleasantness aroma molecules and the emotional regulation of food aroma.
Walnut extract protects against hepatic inflammation and toxicity induced by a high‐fat diet
Authors: Ali Gauhar , Zeb Alam , Usman Muhammad , Al‐Babili Salim
Published: September 2024

A high‐fat diet (HFD) is one of the main causes of obesity and metabolic diseases. The liver is particularly affected by HFD causing metabolic dysfunction associated with fatty liver disease. Therefore, different strategies are used to mitigate the negative effects of HFD. This study aimed to assess the protective effects of walnut extract against HFD‐induced toxicity in mice. The mice were fed HFD and walnut extract alone or in combination. The walnut extract was analyzed for composition using high‐performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (HPLC‐DAD) and ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS). Serum lipid profile; liver histology; hepatic antioxidants such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), lipid peroxidation (TBARS), and reduced glutathione (GSH); inflammatory markers like IL‐6 and TNF‐α; and phospholipids were determined. Results showed that phenolic acids, epicatechin, catechin, benzaldehyde, and juglone were the main constituents in the extract. The HFD group showed increased hepatic fat accumulation as evidenced by biochemical and histopathological examinations compared to the control animals. The HFD group mice also showed increased body and cardiac weights, modified lipid profiles, decreased antioxidant status, and increased levels of hepatic inflammatory markers. The weights of the body and heart, lipid profiles, antioxidant contents (CAT, SOD, GSH‐Px, TBARS, and GSH), and pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐6 and TNF‐α) were all normalized by consuming walnut extract. Similarly, the HFD group had significantly high amounts of hepatic lipase, phospholipid, and lysophospholipid levels, which were improved by walnut extract. In conclusion, walnut extract has been shown to play a unique role in promoting the recovery of liver damage caused by a high‐fat diet.
Analysis of volatile flavor compounds in Antarctic krill paste with different processing methods based on GC‐IMS
Authors: Jiang Pengfei , Liu Yang , Huang Jiabo , Fu Baoshang , Wang Kaihua , Xu Zhe
Published: September 2024

In this study, shrimp paste was prepared using Antarctic krill and fermented Antarctic krill shrimp paste as raw materials. Two commonly used heating methods, stir‐fried and steaming, were analyzed, the main difference between the two methods being that stir‐frying involves putting the shrimp paste into a wok and stir‐frying it for different periods of time, while steaming involves putting the shrimp paste into a steamer and steaming it for different periods of time. The effects of different salt concentrations and processing techniques on the volatile flavor compounds of shrimp paste were also observed. Electronic nose and gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry (GC‐IMS) were employed to analyze the volatile flavor compounds. A total of 52 volatile flavor compounds were detected by GC‐IMS, of which 38 were identified (including monomers, dimers, and polymers). The identified compounds included 11 aldehydes, 6 ketones, 14 alcohols, 2 esters, 2 acids, 1 pyridine compound, and 2 sulfur compounds. In addition, 14 compounds were identifiable. Using the results of the electronic nose analysis, we were also able to differentiate between the volatile flavor compounds in shrimp pastes produced by different processing methods.
Treatment of onion skin waste using dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma processing
Authors: Senguler Berna , Kirkin Celale , Donmez Hilal , Unal Senanur
Published: September 2024

Onion skin constitutes a major part of industrial food waste, and cold plasma technology can be employed in the treatment of onion skin. Onion skin waste was ground and exposed to dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma (DBDCP) at 40 kV for 10 or 20 min. Samples that were not DBDCP treated were used as the control. The changes in the color, microbial load, total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant activity of the onion skin waste upon treatment were evaluated. An increase in the b* and C* values of the onion skin powder (OSP) was obtained after the DBDCP treatment. The DBDCP process also decreased the total mesophilic aerobic bacteria and yeast–mold counts of the OSP by up to 0.92 and 0.97 log cfu/g (colony‐forming units per gram), respectively. In addition, the TPC and antioxidant activity, as determined by 2,2‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and ferric‐reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods, were increased for up to 59% and 28%, respectively, depending on the treatment time. In conclusion, the findings of the study show that using DBDCP processing in the treatment of onion skin waste can reduce microbial count while enhancing TPC and antioxidant activity.
Common and unique brain aging patterns between females and males quantified by large‐scale deep learning
Authors: Du Yuhui , Yuan Zhen , Sui Jing , Calhoun Vince D.
Published: September 2024

There has been extensive evidence that aging affects human brain function. However, there is no complete picture of what brain functional changes are mostly related to normal aging and how aging affects brain function similarly and differently between males and females. Based on resting‐state brain functional connectivity (FC) of 25,582 healthy participants (13,373 females) aged 49–76 years from the UK Biobank project, we employ deep learning with explainable AI to discover primary FCs related to progressive aging and reveal similarity and difference between females and males in brain aging. Using a nested cross‐validation scheme, we conduct 4200 deep learning models to classify all paired age groups on the main data for females and males separately and then extract gender‐common and gender‐specific aging‐related FCs. Next, we validate those FCs using additional 21,000 classifiers on the independent data. Our results support that aging results in reduced brain functional interactions for both females and males, primarily relating to the positive connectivity within the same functional domain and the negative connectivity between different functional domains. Regions linked to cognitive control show the most significant age‐related changes in both genders. Unique aging effects in males and females mainly involve the interaction between cognitive control and the default mode, vision, auditory, and frontoparietal domains. Results also indicate females exhibit faster brain functional changes than males. Overall, our study provides new evidence about common and unique patterns of brain aging in females and males.
Obstetric management for pregnant women with Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome: A UK case report and review of the literature
Authors: Silva Correia Inês F. , Hussain Munawar , Johnson Jo‐Anne
Published: September 2024

Klippel–Trenaunay Syndrome (KTS) is a rare congenital vascular disorder characterized by extensive capillary and venous malformations that pose unique challenges during pregnancy. This case report discusses the successful management of a 34‐year‐old pregnant woman with KTS who had two caesarean sections, resulting in the birth of two healthy babies. Despite the lack of evidence‐based guidelines for obstetrical management in KTS, a multidisciplinary team collaborated to devise a high‐risk thrombosis management plan, involving the use of compression stocking and low molecular weight heparin prophylaxis. The patient's elevated risk of thrombosis, exacerbated during pregnancy, informed the decision of caesarean sections, aligning with finding that in most KTS pregnancies, this method of delivery based on obstetric indications and arteriovenous malformations is chosen. This case highlights the importance of systematic and patient‐centered care, advocating for comprehensive obstetric management guidelines to address the unique challenges posed by KTS during pregnancy. Further research is warranted to enhance our understanding and refine guidelines for individuals with vascular abnormalities linked to KTS.
Study of the hydraulic characteristics of an airfoil‐shaped weir trough measurement and control integrated facility combined with numerical simulation
Authors: Su Peng , Zhang Wenzheng , Lv Mouchao , Qin Jingtao , Sun Bin
Published: September 2024

In this study, an integrated measurement and control facility with an airfoil weir as the primary overcurrent structure is proposed by considering the flow characteristics over different shapes of weir trough facilities as well as the approach of merging measurement and control functions. The incomplete self‐similarity theory and dimensional analysis are used to derive the stage‐discharge relationship. The hydraulic characteristics of the facility under different shape‐related parameters, weir crest heights (rotation angles), and flows are studied by combining model testing and numerical simulation. The findings demonstrate that changes in shape‐ related parameters and rotation angle do not affect the linear relationship between the water depths in the critical and reference sections. The mean error in the discharge formula derived by dimensional analysis is 2%. The Froude number is less than 0.25 under all the working conditions. From the backwater height and head loss, it can be seen that the larger the P/C (the maximum airfoil thickness P to the chord length C ratio) value of the facility under the premise of unifying the weir crest height, the better the overflow capacity. When the height of the weir crest is 0.3778 m, the negative pressure on the surface of the airfoil weir increases with increasing P/C value.
Clinical applications, safety profiles, and future developments of contrast agents in modern radiology: A comprehensive review
Authors: Najjar Reabal
Published: September 2024

Contrast agents have transformed the field of medical imaging, significantly enhancing the visualisation of internal structures and improving diagnostic accuracy across X‐rays, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound. This review explores the historical development, physicochemical properties, and mechanisms of action of iodinated, gadolinium‐based, barium sulfate, microbubble, and nanoparticle contrast agents. It highlights key advancements, including the transition from high‐osmolar to low‐ and iso‐osmolar iodinated agents, the integration of gadolinium in MRI, and the innovative use of microbubbles and nanoparticles. The review critically examines the safety profiles and adverse reactions of these contrast agents, categorising them into hypersensitivity and physiological reactions. It outlines risk factors, common misconceptions, and management strategies for adverse reactions, emphasising the importance of personalised approaches in clinical practice. Additionally, it delves into broader implications, including ethical considerations, environmental impact, and global accessibility of contrast media. The review also discusses technological advancements such as targeted contrast agents and the integration of artificial intelligence to optimise contrast dosage. By synthesising current knowledge and emerging trends, this review underscores the pivotal role of contrast agents in advancing medical imaging. It aims to equip clinicians, researchers, and policymakers with a thorough understanding to enhance diagnostic efficacy, ensure patient safety, and address ethical and environmental challenges, thereby informing future innovations and regulatory frameworks to promote equitable access to advanced imaging technologies globally.
Poetry unveiled: Multimodality and aesthetic responses as a fresh approach to teaching and reading verse
Authors: Ahn Claire , Minuk Alexandra
Published: September 2024

In secondary English classrooms, poetry is often a text that is least liked because it is viewed as being “inaccessible,” reserved for the elite, and/or too abstract. Part of the reason for this also lies in the traditional, colonial structures of introducing poetry such as relying on canonical texts and close reading analysis. Yet, outside of the classroom poetry is used in more accessible and engaging manners. With the advancements of technology, there also includes multimodal ways in which to read and write poetry that could be much more interesting for both educators and youth. This paper opens a discussion to consider multimodal and aesthetic responses to including poetry such as using digital apps like PhoneMe, a free accessible platform that allows users to post their written poems, record themselves reciting poems, and pin their poems directly on to an interactive digital map. The uniqueness of PhoneMe—a layered multimodal approach—can provide a more engaging way to teach and learn poetry.
Quantum chemical investigation of electronic transitions of mitorubrin azaphilones
Authors: Saalim Muhammad , Clark Benjamin R. , Taylor Peter R.
Published: September 2024

Fungal azaphilones are a broad class of naturally‐occurring pigments with diverse applications. Among the azaphilone pigments, mitorubrins are well recognized for their antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antidiabetic, and antiaging activities in addition to their well‐known yellow‐orange color. This makes these pigments interesting candidates for use in foods, as cosmetics, and as medicines. In particular, if it is desired to modify the properties of mitorubrin‐based pigments, for example by derivatization, it is essential to have an understanding of the electronic spectra of the parent molecules. We have therefore undertaken a computational study of a series of mitorubrins, comparing our computed results with experimental UV/visible spectra. Both density‐functional theory (DFT) and coupled‐cluster (CC2) methods have been used, and in general, the results are in very good agreement with observation. In order to provide a simple and useful picture of the spectra we analyze the stronger transitions in terms of natural transition orbitals (NTOs).
Enhancing protein‐ligand binding affinity prediction through sequential fusion of graph and convolutional neural networks
Authors: Yang Yimin , Zhang Ruiqin , Lin Zijing
Published: September 2024

Predicting protein‐ligand binding affinity is a crucial and challenging task in structure‐based drug discovery. With the accumulation of complex structures and binding affinity data, various machine‐learning scoring functions, particularly those based on deep learning, have been developed for this task, exhibiting superiority over their traditional counterparts. A fusion model sequentially connecting a graph neural network (GNN) and a convolutional neural network (CNN) to predict protein‐ligand binding affinity is proposed in this work. In this model, the intermediate outputs of the GNN layers, as supplementary descriptors of atomic chemical environments at different levels, are concatenated with the input features of CNN. The model demonstrates a noticeable improvement in performance on CASF‐2016 benchmark compared to its constituent CNN models. The generalization ability of the model is evaluated by setting a series of thresholds for ligand extended‐connectivity fingerprint similarity or protein sequence similarity between the training and test sets. Masking experiment reveals that model can capture key interaction regions. Furthermore, the fusion model is applied to a virtual screening task for a novel target, PI5P4Kα. The fusion strategy significantly improves the ability of the constituent CNN model to identify active compounds. This work offers a novel approach to enhancing the accuracy of deep learning models in predicting binding affinity through fusion strategies.
Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Vancomycin and its Comparison with Population Pharmacokinetic Model in Neonates
Authors: Cao Ailing , Li Qiaoxi , Han Minzhen , Liu Qian , Liang Heng , Tan Lu , Guan Yanping
Published: September 2024

Vancomycin has a narrow therapeutic window and a high inter‐individual pharmacokinetic variability, especially in neonates with fast maturational and pathophysiological changes, that needs individualized dosing. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model and population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model are both useful tools in model‐informed precision dosing, while the former is under research in application of vancomycin in neonates. This study aimed to develop a PBPK model of vancomycin in adult and pediatric population, and compared it with published PopPK model (priori or Bayesian method) in predicting vancomycin concentration in 230 neonatal patients (postmenstrual age, PMA, 25‐45 weeks). The developed PBPK model showed a good fit between predictions and observations. PBPK model and PopPK model are complementary in different clinical scenarios of vancomycin application. The physiological‐change description of PBPK model showed a superior advantage in initial dosing optimization. As for subsequent dose optimization, PopPK Bayesian forecasting performed better than the PBPK estimation in neonates. However, initial precision dosing tools for early neonates (with PMA < 36 weeks) still need further exploitation.
Phycoremediation: a path towards heavy metal bioremediation from wastewater
Authors: Agoun Naila Amel , Avci Fatma Gizem
Published: September 2024

Heavy metals (HMs) have emerged as a significant and complex water pollution problem globally. These pollutants are particularly concerning due to their teratogenic, mutagenic, poisonous and carcinogenic properties, as well as their non‐biodegradability. Traditional removal techniques often fall short in addressing these issues, leading to a search for more effective solutions. One promising alternative is the phycoremediation process, which employs microalgae to remove HMs from wastewater. This method is not only cost‐effective but also environmentally friendly, offering the additional benefits of nutrient recovery from polluted water and conversion into value‐added products. This review delves into the capabilities of microalgae in remediating HM‐polluted water, examining the various factors and methods that affect the process. Key improvements that can enhance the efficiency of phycoremediation include immobilizing microalgae to increase their stability and longevity, utilizing binary cultures to harness synergistic effects and implementing cellular and genetic modifications to boost HM uptake and resilience. Moreover, the integration of algorithms and artificial intelligence can optimize phycoremediation processes by predicting and controlling environmental conditions, enhancing the precision and effectiveness of HM removal. The combination of these advanced strategies holds promise for overcoming the limitations of conventional methods, positioning phycoremediation as a viable solution for mitigating HM contamination in water bodies. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
POCUS for pediatric appendicitis in the pediatric emergency department: An 8‐year retrospective review
Authors: Scheier Eric , Shapira Levy Efrat , Fisher Amir
Published: September 2024

Background

In many centers, pediatric radiology‐performed ultrasound and/or POCUS fellowship training are not readily available.

Objective

To present our experience using point of care ultrasound (POCUS) in a pediatric emergency medicine training program without POCUS fellowship‐trained staff, and to demonstrate that POCUS of the appendix is feasible outside the context for POCUS fellowship training.

Methods

We identified children diagnosed with appendicitis or periappendiceal abscess from June 2016 to June 2024. Variables reviewed include details of PED visit such as presenting symptoms, laboratory and imaging results, and PED treatment, as well as surgical report and pathology result. We evaluated the frequency and performance characteristics of POCUS over the study period.

Results

999 children were diagnosed with appendicitis. POCUS was performed in 360 of 845 cases (43%) of histology‐confirmed appendicitis and in 19 of 69 cases (28%) in which histology was negative for appendicitis. Both the number of POCUS examinations for appendicitis and the percentage of examinations correctly identifying appendicitis steadily increased over the study period. Accuracy was highest in the 5–10‐year age range and lowest for females from 10 to 15 years. In 96% of cases with a pathology result of appendicitis and a positive POCUS examination, POCUS correctly identified appendicitis. However, only 6 of 19 POCUS examinations in children without appendicitis on histology found no appendicitis. Performance of POCUS for appendicitis was significantly associated with increased opioid administration and a 20‐min mean decrease in length of pediatric emergency department stay.

Conclusions

POCUS for appendicitis within the context of PEM fellowship training is feasible and associated with decreased length of stay.
Plantar pressure in relation to hindfoot varus in people with unilateral upper motor neuron syndrome
Authors: Bloks Bente E. , Wilders Lise M. , Louwerens Jan Willem K. , Geurts Alexander C. , Nonnekes Jorik , Keijsers Noël L. W.
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Hindfoot varus deformity is common in people with unilateral upper motor neuron syndrome (UMNS) and can be dynamic or persistent. The aims of this study were (1) to gain insight into plantar pressure characteristics of people with chronic UMNS in relation to hindfoot varus and (2) to propose a quantitative outcome measure, based on plantar pressure, for the scientific evaluation of surgical interventions.

Methods

In this retrospective study, a cohort comprising plantar pressure data of 49 people with UMNS (22 “no hindfoot varus”, 18 “dynamic hindfoot varus”, and 9 “persistent hindfoot varus”), and 586 healthy controls was analyzed. As an indication of plantigrade foot contact, the ratio between the plantar contact area of the affected and the non‐affected foot was calculated. To investigate spatial and temporal aspects of plantar pressure, normalized plantar pressure patterns and center of pressure trajectories were computed.

Results

People with UMNS had lower plantar pressure area ratios compared to healthy controls. Additionally, increased plantar pressure underneath the lateral foot was found in people with a persistent hindfoot varus. Center of pressure trajectories were more lateral during the first 26% of the stance phase in people with a dynamic hindfoot varus and during the first 82% of the stance phase in people with a persistent hindfoot varus compared to healthy controls.

Conclusion

Spatial and temporal differences in plantar pressure were found in people with dynamic or persistent hindfoot varus deformity. We propose to primarily use the medio‐lateral center of pressure trajectory as outcome measure for the scientific evaluation of surgical interventions targeting hindfoot varus.
Galerkin boundary element method for simulating lightning response of grounding grid in horizontal multilayered soil model considering soil ionization effect
Authors: Li Zhong‐Xin , Li Peng , Zhao Xia
Published: September 2024

This work proposes a novel mathematical model based on the Galerkin time‐domain boundary element method for accurately calculating the lightning current distribution and lightning impulse response of the buried substation grounding grid, in a multi‐layer horizontal layered soil model, by taking into account the soil ionization effect. To improve computational efficiency, the quasi‐static complex image method and its closed form time‐domain Green's function have been introduced into the model that has the ability to analytically calculate the mutual inductance coefficient between the branch currents of any two conductor segments and the mutual resistance coefficient between the leakage currents. The Galerkin time‐domain boundary element method proposed in this work can simulate the transient lightning impulse response of a substation grounding grid buried in the multi‐layer horizontal layered soil.
Pembrolizumab‐Associated Bullous Pemphigoid with Laryngeal Involvement
Authors: Triantafillou Vasiliki , Leahy Kevin
Published: September 2024

Pembrolizumab is a monoclonal antibody with increasing use in many malignancies. We describe a case of pembrolizumab‐associated bullous pemphigoid (BP) with laryngeal involvement in a 69‐year‐old male patient. Diagnosis was made after 2 months of symptoms via biopsy of concurrent, easily accessible cutaneous lesions. Pembrolizumab was discontinued and the patient was started on steroids and dupilumab with ultimate resolution of his cutaneous and laryngeal lesions while on immunosuppression. This case report describes the third case of pembrolizumab‐associated laryngeal pemphigoid to increase awareness of this rare immune‐related adverse effect. Laryngoscope, 2024
Mid‐Infrared Single‐Photon Compressive Spectroscopy
Authors: Sun Ben , Huang Kun , Ma Huijie , Fang Jianan , Zheng Tingting , Qin Ruiyang , Chu Yongyuan , Guo Hairun , Liang Yan , Zeng Heping
Published: September 2024

Sensitive mid‐infrared (MIR) spectroscopy plays an indispensable role in various photon‐starved conditions. However, the detection sensitivity of conventional MIR spectrometers is severely limited by excessive noises of the involved infrared sensors, especially for multi‐pixel arrays in parallel spectral acquisition. Here, an ultra‐sensitive MIR single‐pixel spectrometer is devised and implemented, which relies on high‐fidelity spectral upconversion and wavelength‐encoding compressive measurement. Specifically, a MIR nanophotonic supercontinuum from 3.1 to 3.9 µm is nonlinearly converted to the NIR band via synchronous chirped‐pulse pumping, which facilitates both the precise spectral mapping and sensitive upconversion detection. The upconverted signal is then spatially dispersed onto a programmable digital micromirror device, before being registered by a single‐element silicon detector. Consequently, the spectral information can be deciphered from the correlation between encoded patterns and recorded measurements, which results in a spectral resolution of 0.5 under an illumination flux down to 0.01 photons nm–1 pulse–1. Moreover, faithful reconstructions at sub‐Nyquist sampling rates are demonstrated using the compressive sensing algorithm, which leads to a 95% reduction in data acquisition time. The presented single‐pixel computational spectrometer features wavelength multiplexing, high throughput, and efficient sampling, which thus paves a new way for sensitive and fast spectroscopic analysis at the single‐photon level.
Proximal 4p Deletion Syndrome in an Infant With Multiple Systemic Anomalies
Authors: Pang Ying , Zeng Lan , Liang Hua , Cheng Chunlan , Shan Lihui , Wang Jin , Jiang Nanjing , Pi Guanghuan , Yang Li , Chen Ai , Xiong Fu , Zhu Shuyao
Published: September 2024

Background

Contiguous gene deletion in the short arm of chromosome 4 is linked to various neurodevelopmental disorders.

Methods

In this study, we conducted peripheral blood chromosome G‐banding karyotyping and whole‐exome sequencing (WES) on a proband presenting with anal atresia, global developmental delay, lymphocytosis, and other multisystem anomalies. Additionally, chromosome G‐banding karyotyping was also carried out on the proband's parents and brother.

Results

The 7‐month‐old proband was found to have a 26.738 Mb 4p15.33‐p14 deletion as identified by chromosome G‐banding karyotyping and WES.

Conclusion

We identified a patient with proximal 4p deletion syndrome by karyotype and WES analysis, which might explain some of his phenotypes. Our research enhances clinicians' knowledge of this rare condition, and offers valuable genetic counseling to the affected family. Further research is necessary to identify the causative gene or critical region associated with proximal 4p deletion syndrome.
Multi‐scale anatomical regularization for domain‐adaptive segmentation of pelvic CBCT images
Authors: Chen Xu , Pang Yunkui , Yap Pew‐Thian , Lian Jun
Published: September 2024

Background

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) image segmentation is crucial in prostate cancer radiotherapy, enabling precise delineation of the prostate gland for accurate treatment planning and delivery. However, the poor quality of CBCT images poses challenges in clinical practice, making annotation difficult due to factors such as image noise, low contrast, and organ deformation.

Purpose

The objective of this study is to create a segmentation model for the label‐free target domain (CBCT), leveraging valuable insights derived from the label‐rich source domain (CT). This goal is achieved by addressing the domain gap across diverse domains through the implementation of a cross‐modality medical image segmentation framework.

Methods

Our approach introduces a multi‐scale domain adaptive segmentation method, performing domain adaptation simultaneously at both the image and feature levels. The primary innovation lies in a novel multi‐scale anatomical regularization approach, which (i) aligns the target domain feature space with the source domain feature space at multiple spatial scales simultaneously, and (ii) exchanges information across different scales to fuse knowledge from multi‐scale perspectives.

Results

Quantitative and qualitative experiments were conducted on pelvic CBCT segmentation tasks. The training dataset comprises 40 unpaired CBCT‐CT images with only CT images annotated. The validation and testing datasets consist of 5 and 10 CT images, respectively, all with annotations. The experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of our method compared to other state‐of‐the‐art cross‐modality medical image segmentation methods. The Dice similarity coefficients (DSC) for CBCT image segmentation results is %, and the average symmetric surface distance (ASSD) is . Statistical analysis confirms the statistical significance of the improvements achieved by our method.

Conclusions

Our method exhibits superiority in pelvic CBCT image segmentation compared to its counterparts.
A cross‐sectional study of low birth satisfaction during the COVID‐19 epidemics' fifth wave
Authors: Mortazavi Forough , Mehrabadi Maryam
Published: September 2024

Aim

To investigate predictors of low birth satisfaction in a sample of Iranian postpartum women during the COVID‐19 epidemics' fifth wave.

Design

A cross‐sectional study.

Methods

This study was conducted on 676 postpartum women admitted to postpartum wards of Mobini maternity hospital using a convenience sampling method between 2 Aug and 18 September 2021 in Iran. We used the general linear model and multiple linear regression analyses to determine predictors of birth satisfaction.

Results

The mean and standard deviation values of age and education were 28.7 ± 6.6 and 11.1 ± 4.1 (years), respectively. The mean scores of the three scales were as follows: FVC‐19S (14.7 ± 7.5), WHO‐5 (67.5 ± 13.0) and BSS‐R (28.6 ± 7.3). Sixty‐five point nine percent (65.9%) of the participants were multiparous. Overall predictors of low birth satisfaction were emergency caesarean, instrumental birth, episiotomy, Entonox analgesia, low level of well‐being score < 50, fear of COVID‐19, low satisfaction with pregnancy and low satisfaction with spouse's support. The overall proportion of the variance in birth satisfaction explained by all variables is 17.4%. Labor and birth variables explained 12.2% of the variance in birth satisfaction.

Patient or Public Contribution

None.
Adaptive neural network dynamic surface optimal saturation control for single‐phase grid‐connected photovoltaic systems
Authors: Zhang Hongyang , Wang Tiechao
Published: September 2024

An adaptive neural network (NN) based optimal saturation control scheme is investigated for single‐phase grid‐connected photovoltaic (PV) systems by incorporating dynamic surface control (DSC) and adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) based on the backstepping control design framework. For each backstepping step, a critic‐actor architecture is constructed via reinforcement learning (RL), and the PV system is optimized according to the cost function in the architecture. Due to the nonlinearity, it is difficult to solve the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation. The neural networks (NNs) are employed to approximate the solution of the HJB equation such that the optimal virtual control and the actual controller are obtained. By considering control input symmetric saturation nonlinearity link, constraints on pulse width modulation (PWM) are ensured. On this basis, the combination of backstepping control design and dynamic surface technique is used to overcome the shortcomings of “differential explosion” and simplify calculations. Based on the Lyapunov method, the stability analysis proves that all signals of the closed‐loop PV systems are semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded (SGUUB). Simulation experiments and comparative results are given to verify the efficacy of the studied control strategy.
Hybrid toughening effect of flax fiber and thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer in 3D‐printed polylactic acid composites
Authors: Ansaripour Aref , Heidari‐Rarani Mohammad
Published: September 2024

Flax fiber has emerged as a promising, eco‐friendly alternative to traditional synthetic reinforcement in polymer composites. However, manufacturing biocomposites using three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology is typically accompanied by significant processing challenges and weak product performance under dynamic loading conditions. This study aims to unlock the potential of 3D‐printed polylactic acid (PLA) by incorporating chemically modified chopped flax fibers and thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer to improve impact strength and processability. To achieve this, we employed the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique to prepare composite specimens for the study. The crystallization behavior, tensile and impact properties, as well as the fracture behavior of the composites were investigated. The findings suggest that our approach stands out because it not only facilitates the challenging task of 3D printing PLA with fiber additives of high weight fraction and high aspect ratio but also results in a remarkable 120% enhancement in impact strength and an around 31.2% increase in tensile elongation compared to neat PLA, without compromising the elastic modulus.

Highlights

Flax fibers were modified through alkalization and silanization.

Alkalization significantly enhanced printing quality.

Silanization reduced fiber attrition and doubled the fiber aspect ratio.

TPU particles facilitated the 3D printing of biocomposites.

For the first time, the hybrid strategy doubled the impact strength of PLA.