bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Urosepsis: A Descriptive Study Based on the MIMIC-IV Database
Authors: Hu Haopu , Bian Xiaolong , Ni Runfeng , Tian Cong , Wang Mingrui , Ji Jiaxiang , Lai Chin-hui , Lai Shicong , Xu Tao , Hu Hao
Published: December 2024

Objective
This study aimed to compare the clinical characteristics of urosepsis patients with those having other types of sepsis, extract key clinical insights, and identify potential future research avenues.
Material and Methods
Data from 32,971 anonymized records in the MIMIC-IV database were analyzed. Among these, 6,141 patients met the inclusion criteria for sepsis. A comparative analysis was conducted, followed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses to assess in-hospital mortality.
Results
The analysis included 1,418 urosepsis patients and 4,723 non-urosepsis patients. Urosepsis predominantly affected older individuals, particularly women, with a higher prevalence of comorbidities such as myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, renal disease, severe liver disease, diabetes mellitus, and AIDS. Laboratory evaluations indicated lower white blood cell counts, neutrophil levels, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios (NLR) in urosepsis patients. The main pathogens in urosepsis were gram-negative bacteria (44.0%) and fungi (21.9%), whereas non-urosepsis was mainly caused by Gram-positive bacteria (57.2%). Regression analysis showed advanced age and elevated lactate levels as significant predictors of in-hospital mortality in urosepsis. The use of vasoactive agents appeared to improve prognosis. Current SOFA and SAPS II scores are inadequate for evaluating urosepsis severity.
Conclusions
Urosepsis is characterized by a higher prevalence in women, older age, and more comorbidities. Organ failure is less severe than in other sepsis types, resulting in a relatively improved prognosis. Advanced age and elevated lactate levels are independent risk factors, while early vasopressor administration may protect urosepsis patients. Current scoring systems have limited applicability to this population.
Extracts of carica papaya L. and capsicum annuum L. showed comparable efficacy to piperazine citrate and levamisole hydrochloride in treatment of poultry helminths
Authors: Zirintunda Gerald , Kateregga John , Nalule Sarah , Biryomumaisho Savino , Omujal Francis , Okwee-Acai James , Vudriko Patrick
Published: December 2024

Background
In rural smallholder poultry production systems, commercially available anthelmintic drugs are generally expensive, and in some instances ineffective because of resistance developed against. We report on the phytochemical properties and efficacy of crude extracts of carcia papaya and capsicum annuum against natural helminth infections of chicken in …….. District, Eastern ………..
Methods
An experiment was set to evaluate efficacy of crude extracts of C. papaya and C. annuum against natural poultry helminths infections. Commercially available formulations of levamisole and piperazine were used as control treatments. Faecal egg count reduction (FECR) tests were used to measure efficacy of the treatments.
Results
On gas chromatograph mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of CPLa showed sterols (13%), Vitamin C (42%), Triterpenoids (6%). CPLe contained pyranones (20.3%), phenolics (3.1%), glycosides (2.2%), diterpenoids (4.9%), lipids (45.04%), triterpenoids (3.5%) and steroids (1.4%). Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of CAFa gave lipids (45.04%), alkanes (27.7%) and alkaloids (8.2%). CAFe showed glycosides (3.61%), lipids (50.16%), pyranones (3.55%) and alkaloids (22.73%). In the in-vitro assays; 0.08g/ml of each of the extracts had immobilized more than 50% of adult A. galli after five hours. The ranking of the in-vivo average FECR was Levamisole hydrochloride > CPLa > CAFa > CAFe > CPLe > piperazine citrate with the percentage reductions of 98.67 ± 2.309, 97.67 ± 2.517, 79.67 ± 1.528, 76.33 ± 1.528, 54.00 ± 2.00, 35.67 ± 2.082 respectively.
Conclusion
The GC-MS analysis of the analysed plants shows presesnce of terpenoids, phenolics and alkaloids which are known for anthelmintic action. All the extracts caused higher FECR than piperazine. The presence of Vitamin C in CPLa resulted in it being as good as levamisole. Combinations of anthelmintics with Vitamin C are recommended and toxicological studies before recommendation of these alternatives.
Demographics and Coronary Angiographic Patterns in Young Adults in a Sub-Saharan Referral Hospital
Authors: Abdi Ishak Ahmed , Arin Can Baba
Published: December 2024

The objective of this study was to determine the demographic and Coronary Angiographic trends in young adults diagnosed significant coronary artery disease (CAD) at a referral hospital, Somalia. We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study in 81 patients who were 40 years of age or younger and underwent coronary angiography from October 2022 to October 2024. Results: The analysis showed a majority of male patients (74%) with an average age at 33.6 years. Nearly two thirds of patients (67.1%) had a history of smoking and more than half used Khat (55.6%); No risk factors were identified in 12.5% of the patients. Additionally, other notable risk factors included hypertension (27.2%), diabetes (13.6%), and Dyslipidemia (12.3%), indicating a multifactorial etiology of CAD in this population. The most frequent clinical presentation was ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) observed in 61% of the patients, with single-vessel disease being more common and almost two thirds involving left anterior artery (LAD). Smoking duration was significantly correlated with vessel involvement (r = 0.265, p = 0.017) and khat use showed an independent association to number of affected vessels (p = 0.044). Conclusion — these findings confirm the increasing burden of CAD among young people in sub-Saharan Africa and support a public health approach to preventive measures.
Recombinant Zoster Vaccine Used to Prevent Recurrent Shingles in an Adolescent Renal Transplant Recipient
Authors: Nikfarjam Niloufar , Grimm Paul C.
Published: December 2024

Shingles, a reactivation of the varicella virus, is more common in immunosuppressed patients. Children with chronic or end-stage kidney disease may not respond effectively to live varicella vaccination, making it controversial post-transplant. Antiviral treatments for shingles can be nephrotoxic, and reducing immunosuppression to enhance immune responses may risk transplant rejection. Recombinant Zoster Vaccine (RZV) was initially FDA-approved for immunosuppressed adults over 50. We present a case of an adolescent who, after receiving the live varicella vaccine with IgG seroconversion, developed recurrent shingles post-kidney transplant and varicella seronegative status. Antiviral treatments and reduced immunosuppression contributed to graft loss. Post-second transplant, shingles recurred, leading to off-label RZV administration while fully immunosuppressed. Post-RZV, there were no rejection or shingles episodes, and strong IgG seroconversion occurred. Following RZV treatment, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices revised guidelines in 2021 to include RZV for adolescents over 19, potentially benefiting pediatric transplant recipients.
Establishing and Validating a Risk Model for In-hospital Mortality Within 60 Days Under ICU Treatment for Tuberculosis in China
Authors: Hou Keke , He Jianglin , Li Tao , Li Xiu , Zhang Na
Published: December 2024

Background
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from a single infectious disease. Current studies on TB patient mortality risk factors in intensive care are old and scarce. We aimed to create a model to predict in-hospital mortality risk for TB patients in ICU and identify mortality risk factors.
Methods
TB patients' data from 2016 to 2020 admitted to the ICU were collected retrospectively and randomly split into derivation and validation groups at a 7:3 ratio. The main outcome was 60-day in-hospital mortality. Analyses included Cox, nomogram, decision curve, and Kaplan‒Meier methods.
Results
A total of 848 patients were included (594 in the derivation group and 254 in the validation group). A total of 106 (17.85%) patients died in the derivation group. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that sputum smear, severe pneumonia, c-TnI, mold, age, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and tracheotomy were independent risk factors for 60-day in-hospital mortality in ICU patients with TB, and the prognostic index (PI) was defined as follows: PI = 0.0084 × Age − 0.0026 × DBP + 2.1988 × Severe pneumonia1 + 0.9094 × Tracheotomy1 + 1.2253 × Sputum smear1 + 0.826 × Mold1 + 0.5147 × c-TnI. Decision curve analysis (DCA) diagrams showed that the diagnostic probabilities of the derivation and validation groups were 0–70% and 0–58% respectively, with high model application accuracy and net benefit. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that the PI could predict death with good sensitivity (0.830) and specificity (0.867), and the cutoff value was 0.195 (the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.894, 95% CI: 0.865 to 0.924). K‒M analysis revealed that the proportion of deaths was increased when the PI was ≥ 0.195.
Conclusion
The nomogram-based prediction model of mortality within 60 days in TB patients in the ICU showed good discrimination and accuracy, and is of great clinical value for screening patients at high risk of death to support the development of intervention strategies for ICU patients with TB and to reduce mortality.
Early Impact of Maternal Voice Stimulation on Cortical Recovery and Neurodevelopment in Neonates with Severe Asphyxia
Authors: Zhang Qinfen , Jin Wenjie
Published: December 2024

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of maternal voice stimulation on cortical activity, physiological stabilization, and neurodevelopmental outcomes in neonates with severe asphyxia.
Methods
A total of 72 neonates were enrolled and divided into three groups: severe asphyxia with maternal voice intervention (SM, n = 23), severe asphyxia with standard care (SC, n = 19), and normal controls (NC, n = 30). The SM group received 15-minute sessions of structured maternal voice playback three times daily for 10 days. EEG power spectral density (PSD) was analyzed across the 0–8 Hz frequency ranges before and after the intervention. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed at one year using the Gesell Developmental Scale. Physiological parameters, including heart rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation, were monitored during intervention sessions.
Results
The SM group showed significant increases in overall PSD within the 0–8 Hz frequency range following the intervention (P < 0.05), achieving levels comparable to the NC group, while no improvement was observed in the SC group. Maternal voice stimulation also stabilized physiological parameters, with significant reductions in heart rate and respiratory rate and improvements in oxygen saturation (P < 0.05). At one year, the SM group demonstrated developmental quotients comparable to the NC group across motor, adaptive, and language domains, whereas the SC group exhibited significant delays (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
Maternal voice stimulation enhances cortical activity, stabilizes vital signs, and supports neurodevelopmental recovery in neonates with severe asphyxia. This intervention offers a promising, non-invasive approach to improving outcomes for high-risk neonates in neonatal intensive care units.
Misdiagnosis of the Polymorphous Low-Grade Neuroepithelial Tumor of the Young as Ganglioglioma，A Case Report
Authors: Lai Lijuan , Li wei , Song Guojun , Yang Xuefeng , Ou Shizhao , Chen Chao , Chen Xia , Qian Hong , Tang Yanfen
Published: December 2024

Background
PLNTY traditionally manifests as an epileptogenic subtype, posing challenges in differential diagnosis. The low incidence of PLNTY and the similarity of its clinical presentation and imaging features with other types of neuroepithelial tumors have made it important to diagnose PLNTY accurately.
Case presentation
We report here an unusual case of a PLNTY in a 14-year-old girl who was admitted to the hospital with acute headache, nausea, and vomiting, initially misdiagnosed as ganglioglioma on imaging, and then diagnosed as pleomorphic low-grade neuroepithelial tumor (PLNTY) on surgical and pathological analyses. The patient did not present with typical epileptic symptoms, PLNTY is a rare adolescent low-grade brain tumor with imaging manifestations similar to those of other neuroepithelial tumors, which is easy to lead to misdiagnosis.
Conclusion
PLNTY is a class of adolescent low-grade neuroepithelial tumors with good prognosis. Definitive diagnosis of PLNTY is of great significance to avoid over-treatment and improve the quality of survival in pediatric and adolescent patients.
Assessment of rhizosphere microbial activity using optimized RNA extraction coupled with universal ribosomal RNA (rRNA) depletion techniques
Authors: Tamrakar Kipa , Miller P. Winston , Dolan Maureen C. , Wijeratne Asela
Published: December 2024

The rhizosphere microbiome plays a crucial role in plant health and fitness. However, there is a lack of studies focusing on the microbial functions responsible for modulating rhizosphere dynamics. Metatranscriptomics, which analyzes gene expression patterns in a heterogeneous community, is a powerful tool to evaluate microbial functional activity. A key challenge in this process is obtaining high-quality RNA, which is complicated by the soil complex matrix in soil. The next crucial step involves the removal of highly abundant ribosomal RNA (rRNA), as its presence can dominate sequencing results and obscure the detection of messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. Conventional library preparation methods often struggle to efficiently remove rRNA from a complex mix of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, further complicating mRNA isolation. To overcome these limitations, we have developed an optimized method for extracting RNA from soybean rhizosphere microbes and followed by universal rRNA depletion to create rRNA-free samples for sequencing. These samples were sequenced using an Illumina high-throughput sequencer, and our data confirmed the successful removal of rRNA, allowing for the assembly of transcripts to assess microbial activity. This RNA sample preparation method, combined with our optimized extraction technique, provides a valuable approach for studying rhizosphere microbes that in turn holds exciting potential for advancing soil health assessments and understanding plant-microbe pathogen interactions.
Associations between vitiligo and allergic diseases: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhang Ri , Shi Zeqi , Nie Xiaoqi , Wei Yujia , Li Dong
Published: December 2024

Background
Growing evidence shows a significant association between vitiligo and several allergic diseases. However, the real causality remains unclear considering the susceptibility of epidemiological studies to residual confounders.
Methods
We conducted a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the relationship between vitiligo and seven common allergic diseases including atopic dermatitis (AD), allergic rhinitis, allergic contact dermatitis, allergic conjunctivitis, allergic purpura, asthma and urticaria by leveraging publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data. The selection of instrumental variables conformed strictly to a series of preset inclusion and exclusion criteria. The multiplicative random-effect inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used to assess the causal association. The Cochran’s Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, and leave one-out analysis were conducted to identify heterogeneity and pleiotropy.
Results
Allergic contact dermatitis (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.03–1.24, p = 0.013) and urticaria (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.04–1.44, p = 0.016) contributed to developing vitiligo. On the other side, vitiligo showed protective effect on developing AD (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96-1.00, p = 0.015), allergic conjunctivitis (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.95-1.00, p = 0.044), allergic rhinitis (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95–0.99, p = 0.017), allergic purpura (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.83–0.99, p = 0.030) and asthma (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95-1.00, p = 0.033).
Conclusions
Our findings indicated causal effect of allergic diseases on vitiligo and protective role of vitiligo on developing allergic diseases, facilitating more comprehensive management for vitiligo patients with co-morbidities and dermatologists' assessment of patient prognosis.
Morphologic Features of Crystalline Lens in Age-related Cataract Patients with Different Lens Sclerosis and Axial Length
Authors: Qin Rui , Ding Jing , Liu Yiyun , Lan Qianqian , Sun Tong , Bian Linbo , Liu Dehai , Wang Xiaoyu , Chen Jiawei , Sun Zhengze , Qi Hong
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
To evaluate the morphological features of the crystalline lens in age-related cataract patients and to report the relationship of the lens nucleus sclerosis and axial length with lens morphology.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study were reviewed of age-related cataract patients scheduled for unilateral or bilateral cataract extraction with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation between July 2022 and June 2023 at Peking University Third Hospital. Preoperative examinations were conducted using a slit lamp, IOL Master 700 (Carl Zeiss, Germany), and CAISA2 (Tomey, Japan). Patients were categorized into different subgroups based on the degree of lens nucleus sclerosis (Emery-Little classification) and the axial length (AL), and statistical analysis was performed.
Results
285 left eyes were included in the study. The mean age of the included patients was 69.69 ± 9.34 years, and the mean axial length was 23.89 ± 1.79 mm. Nuclear lens sclerosis was observed to have a negative correlation with the CRLPS (r = -0.171, P < 0.01) and crystalline lens diameter (r = -0.143, P < 0.05). Conversely, nuclear lens sclerosis was observed to have a positive correlation with crystalline lens decentration (r = 0.117, P < 0.05). Statistically significant differences were found in the correlation of AL with CRLAS (r = 0.186, P < 0.05), CRLPS (r = 0.154, P < 0.05), crystalline lens diameter (r = 0.128, P < 0.05), crystalline lens decentration magnitude (r = 0.089, P < 0.05), and crystalline lens tilt magnitude (r = -0.256, P < 0.01), respectively. There were also differences among different subgroups. The crystalline lens with Emery-Little classification IV were performed with a smaller posterior surface curvature radius, a smaller crystalline lens diameter and greater decentration than those with Emery-Little classification I-III. The crystalline lens in short AL eyes were performed with a smaller anterior and posterior surfaces curvature radius, a smaller crystalline lens diameter than these in normal and long AL eyes. The crystalline lens in long AL eyes were performed with greater lens tilt and decentration.
Conclusion
Crystalline lens with Emery-Little classification IV were mainly performed with abnormality in lens morphology and lens decentration. Lens with short AL were performed with abnormality in lens morphology, while that with long AL were performed with abnormality in lens decentration and tilt.
Comparison of Continuous Serratus Anterior Plane Block (cSAPB) with Bupivacaine Versus Single Liposomal Bupivacaine Block in Postoperative Analgesia after Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) ： A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhang Mingyue , Zheng Zhuo , Xie Xianfeng , Dai Yuee , Zhao Maosen , Gao Ke , Liu Shaoxing
Published: December 2024

Background
Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) is a commonly used minimally invasive technique in thoracic surgery. The continuous serratus anterior plane block (cSAPB) involves the placement of a catheter deep in the serratus anterior fascia for the slow and continuous infusion of local anesthetics. Liposomal bupivacaine is a formulation of bupivacaine encapsulated in liposomes, which prolongs the release of the drug. This study compares the impact of cSAPB with bupivacaine and single-shot SAPB with liposomal bupivacaine on postoperative recovery quality and pain control after VATS.
Methods
Patients were randomly assigned to two groups: one receiving cSAPB with conventional bupivacaine (cSAPB + CB) and the other receiving SAPB with liposomal bupivacaine (SAPB + LB). The primary outcome measure was the Quality of Recovery (QoR-15) scores at 24 and 48 hours post-surgery. Secondary outcomes included: pain intensity assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain scale at rest and during deep breathing at 24 and 48 hours postoperatively, postoperative pulmonary function, total opioid consumption during and after surgery, and adverse events.
Results
QoR-15 scores were significantly elevated in the SAPB + LB group at both 24 and 48 hours post-surgery(24h: p = 0.001; 48h: p = 0.02). Comparative analysis revealed no statistically significant differences between the SAPB + CB group and the SAPB + LB group in terms of VAS scores for pain at rest at 24 and 48 hours (24h: p = 0.06; 48h: p = 0.46), or during deep breathing (24h: p = 0.45; 48h: p = 0.73). Additionally, there were no significant differences in lung function tests (FEV1/FVC ratio, p = 0.95), total intraoperative opioid consumption (p = 0.76), or total postoperative opioid consumption (p = 0.69). However, the incidence of local complications such as swelling and pain was significantly reduced in the SAPB + LB group (p = 0.03).
Conclusions
The use of single liposomal bupivacaine serratus anterior plane block provides superior early postoperative recovery quality and reduces the incidence of local complications.
Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, identifier ChiCTR2100054089, June 28,2024.
Seismic Performance of Irregular building frames through Plan Irregularities
Authors: Wahane Anurag , Ghosh Pradeep Kumar , Mishra Sri Ram Krishna
Published: December 2024

The rapid increase in aesthetic and limitation of availability of land led to trends of irregular building configurations. The irregularities in building led to reduction in seismic performance and making seismic design more challenging. Two such type of plan irregularities are the re-entrant corners and torsion in the irregular geometric buildings. These irregular buildings experiences high stress concentration at corners due to changes in torsion & stiffness in building which is vulnerable and shall need to analyze the seismic demand to lower the risk of damage. In this background, the present work is to analyze the effect of re-entrant corner building frames having different geometry shapes along with moment resisting systems when subjected to various incidence of angle of input time histories. To address this re-entrant corner irregular shape frames such as L-shape frames, T-Shape frames, H-Shape frames, and U-shape frames were modeled and analyzed along with one regular rectangular shape frame. The irregular geometric shape frames used in the present study comprises of three different re-entrant corner irregularity percentages i.e. 25%, 37.5%, and 56.25%. The Time history dynamic analysis is performed for the work. The input angle of incidence varies from 0° to 135°. The responses such as absolute displacement, maximum displacement, the impact of lateral torsional coupling, inter-story drift ratio, torsional irregularity ratio, base shear force, comprehensive damage index and diaphragm rotation demand is measured based on the angle of incidence. The result shows that high irregularity percentage in models are more vulnerable in seismic response. demands. It is evident that the L-shape frame is more sensitive to the various angle-incidence as compared to other shape models. The significant decrease in comprehensive damage index were seen in irregular shape models when subjected to 135-degree angle, versus a zero-degree angle of incidence. The codal approach yields a fundamental time period that is considerably lower than the one determined by the finite element method. This concludes that the provisions given in code is inadequate and further irregularities, and other major factors shall be present within the code approach and should be amended. The comprehensive damage index increases with increase in plan irregularity. Hence, the feasible solution is to reduce the irregularity effect in structure to improves performance and safety.
Harnessing mIR-145 deficiency to modulate inflammation and prevent degeneration in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Almeida Monique Marylin Alves , Kornfeld Samantha F. , De Repentigny Yves , Al-Aarg Majd , Ghani Ibrahim , Cummings Sarah E. , Sutton Emma R. , Yaworski Rebecca , McKay Kelsea S. , Gagnon Sabrina , Beauvais Ariane , Kothary Rashmi
Published: December 2024

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) marked by myelin loss, which impairs nerve function. Current therapies fail to halt disease progression or prevent myelin and axonal degeneration. In this study, we explored the impact of miR-145 knockout in a murine model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which mimics MS pathology. Loss of miR-145 reduced clinical severity and significantly decreased immune cell infiltration in the lumbar spinal cord during both the onset and chronic stages of the disease. Additionally, miR-145 loss altered the expression of key inflammatory genes and modulated astrocytic activity throughout EAE. Of significant interest, acute treatment with an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) targeting miR-145 decreased miR-145 levels and led to reduced disease severity, decreased immune cell infiltration, and an increase in regulatory T cells in EAE mice. Moreover, miR-145 deficiency mitigated axon and myelin degeneration. Our findings suggest that ASOs targeting miR-145 may offer a promising therapeutic strategy, addressing both inflammatory and degenerative components of MS.
Contemporary genetic adaptation in zoos and conservation breeding programs
Authors: Sauve Drew , Chabot Amy , Réale Denis
Published: December 2024

Conservation breeding programs can be vital for combating biodiversity loss, but optimization of these programs is crucial for success. Genetic adaptation to captivity is suspected to hinder reintroductions yet remains largely untested. Using an extensive dataset of breeding programs, we assessed adaptive genetic change in 31 vertebrate populations, marking the broadest estimation of additive genetic variance of fitness to date. Our findings indicate widespread, adaptive genetic change in ex situ populations, with estimates comparable to wild populations. While this adaptation may enhance fitness in captivity, concerns arise regarding how genetic divergence could impact reintroduction success. Our results confirm the importance of anthropogenic effects on microevolution and highlight the need for a better understanding of genetic adaptation in captivity to ensure breeding populations can fulfill their potential.
An empirical study to determine the optimum refactoring sequence of critically affected classes using Software Quality Attributes
Authors: Tarwani Sandhya , Chug Anuradha
Published: December 2024

Software developer always emphasize on quality of the software. Quality software tends to be more robust and easy to maintain, thereby reducing the software development and maintenance phase's cost. Refactoring is one of the methods to advance the quality of the software without affecting its external behavior. The current study helps to validate the effect of refactoring on the software's internal and external attributes using four open-source datasets. Internal quality attributes such as coupling, cohesion, inheritance etc are measured with the help of design metrics. In contrast, experts' opinions are used to determine the external quality attributes such as understandability, reusability, modifiability, etc. Initially, prioritization techniques are used to identify the highly critical classes. Furthermore, a new approach is proposed, namely, Quality Attribute Score (QAS), to determine the most optimum refactoring sequence concerning a class’s internal and external quality attributes. The effect on the internal attributes forms a solid base for the experts to observe the changes in the external attributes. Thereafter, all the positive changes in the external attributes are used in determining the most optimum sequence in each datasets. It will ensure the removal of bad smells while simultaneously improving the quality of the class with respect to its external attributes. The results substantiate that refactoring technique sequences are indeed helpful in improvising the quality of the software if they are applied in a specific sequence. Authors have demonstrated the effectiveness of their approach using illustration of the experimental datasets and one of the datasets showed an improvement of 54% in the software quality after the application of refactoring sequence. The sequence obtained would aid the maintenance team, minimize their efforts while simultaneously enhancing the software's quality. The results of the study, would help researchers in determining which technique should be applied used, to achieve best possible class's quality.
Signatures of Explosive Submarine Volcanism at the Northern Reykjanes Ridge
Authors: Preine Jonas , Hübscher Christian , Pałgan Dominik , Zwan Froukje van der , Dittmers Carina , Friedrich Annalena , Beethe Sarah , Ehlies Vanessa , Ford Jonathan , Haimerl Benedikt , Ischebeck Lisa , Lackner Max , Schmidt Maryse , Eisermann Jan Oliver , Budke Linus , Óðinsson David Þór , Augustin Nico
Published: December 2024

Submarine explosive volcanism presents significant hazards to coastal communities and infrastructure, yet its formation mechanisms and occurrences remain poorly understood. We document widespread explosive volcanism on the Northern Reykjanes Ridge using high-resolution seismic, bathymetric, and seafloor imagery. The data reveal low width-height ratio volcanoes with stratified, outward-dipping reflections and extensive volcaniclastic aprons overlying a glacial erosion unconformity, indicating Holocene formation ages. Post-eruption, storm-wave base erosion submerged these volcanoes below present-day sea level. By comparing these features to submarine volcanoes from the Azores and Aegean, we establish seismic and morphological recognition features for three formation modes: (i) deep-water explosive eruptions, (ii) shallow-water explosive eruptions, and (iii) Surtseyan eruptions. Our study suggests that future eruptions along the Reykjanes Ridge could pose greater hazards than anticipated. We show that high-resolution seismic imaging is a versatile tool for submarine volcanology that can be used to overcome the blind spot of global eruption records towards submarine explosive volcanism.
The RNA N⁶-Methyladenosine Methylome Coordinates Long Non-Coding RNAs to Mediate Cancer Drug Resistance by Activating PI3K Signaling
Authors: Liu Shujun
Published: December 2024

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and RNA N⁶-methyladenosine (m6A) have been linked to leukemia drug resistance. However, whether and how lncRNAs and m6A coordinately regulate resistance remain elusive. Here, we show that many differentially expressed lncRNAs enrich m6A, and more lncRNAs tend to have higher m6A content in CML cells resistant to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). We demonstrate broad clinical relevance of our findings, showing that upregulation of top-ranked lncRNAs (e.g., SENCR, PROX1-AS1, LN892) in TKI resistant cell lines occurs in CML patients at the diagnostic stage, blast crisis phase or not-responding to TKIs compared to chronic phase or TKI responders, respectively. Higher lncRNAs predict drug resistance and shorter survival duration. Knockdown of SENCR, PROX1-AS1 or LN892 restores TKI sensitivity. Mechanistically, upregulation of PROX1-AS1, SENCR and LN892 results from FTO-dependent m6A hypomethylation that stabilizes lncRNA transcripts, and empowers resistant cell growth through overexpression of PI3K signaling mediators (e.g., ITGA2, F2R, COL6A1). Treatment with PI3K inhibitor alpelisib eradicates resistant cells in vitro and in vivo with prolonged survival of leukemic mice through downregulation of F2R, ITGA2 and COL6A1. Thus, the lncRNA-m6A-PI3K cascade represents a new non-genetic predictor for drug resistance and poorer prognosis in cancer, and a pan-cancer mechanism underlying TKI resistance.
Marina Tsvetaeva Interpreted by Chicca Gagliardo: Expanding the Scope of Russian-Italian Literary Ties
Authors:   Pushkin State Russian Language Institute, Costa Erika
Published: December 2024

The article examines Tsvetaeva’s trace in the book “The Poet of the Air” by Italian writer Chicca Gagliardo.
In the 21st century – at the present stage of Russian literary studies – the problem of dialogue between Russian
writers and representatives of world literature is posed and actively studied. While the issue of Marina Tsvetaeva and the Czech Republic has been the subject of extensive research and analysis, and the study on her
relationship with France has been published, the same cannot be said for Italy. The relevance of the scientifi c
study is incorporating Tsvetaeva’s work into the broader intercultural and international context. The novelty of
the work lies in the fact that so far in Russian and Italian literary studies the issue of spiritual dialogue between
M. I. Tsvetaeva and Chicca Gagliardo has not been subject of a separate study. The novelty of this study is that
neither in Russian nor Italian literary studies has there been a dedicated investigation into the spiritual dialogue
between M. I. Tsvetaeva and Chicca Gagliardo. The aim of the article is to trace the presence of Tsvetaeva’s
themes and motifs in Gagliardo’s book “The Poet of the Air”. The work used in this paper includes Tsvetaeva’s Collected Works, scholars’ books and articles and websites containing useful information for the research. The
biographical and comparative method and the method of comparativist and intertextual analysis form the methodological basis. The results of the study show the role of the Russian poet’s personality and works in the Italian
writer’s novel. Tsvetaeva’s themes and motifs in the novel are emphasised, for example the concept of soul, the
motifs of the “fl ight of the soul”, insomnia, “captive spirit”, the idea of sky as an abyss and others. We suggest a
hypothesis on translations of Tsvetaeva’s works into Italian that Gagliardo might have been familiar with. Gagliardo’s acquaintance with M. Rea’s translation of “Poem of the Air” and S. Vitale’s “Art in the Light of Conscience”
is proved. The practical signifi cance of the research lies in the possible use of its materials in the practice of
school and university special courses and special seminars on the works of Marina Tsvetaeva and the problem of
‘Russian-Italian cultural and literary ties’. The study allows us to place Marina Tsvetaeva’s work within a broader
intercultural and international conception and contributes to the development of Tsvetaeva’s context from an
international perspective. The article provides, in particular, a broadening of the scope of the issue “Tsvetaeva’s
Reception in Italy”, whereby it can be referred not only to works of realist literature.
Methods and Results of the Study of the Phenomenon of Soviet Nostalgia in the Russian Media Space
Authors:   Saratov State Academy of Law, Suslov Ivan , Tikhonova Sofya ,   Saratov State University
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the phenomenon of digitalization of Soviet nostalgia. Special attention is paid to the
nature of modern media discussions about the Soviet past, in which anti-communist sentiments are intertwined
with nostalgia for the late Soviet period. The relevance of the study is connected with the increasing infl uence
of a wide public audience in the era of digitalization on historical memory, previously formed mainly by professional historians and ideologists. The USSR is seen as a “place of memory” (according to Pierre Nora), which has a special symbolic signifi cance at the modern stage of development. The authors emphasize the changing
balance between communicative and cultural memory in the era of digital technologies, as well as the need to
develop new methods of analysis to work with huge amounts of data. The review of current studies of Soviet
nostalgia in the media space allows us to identify the main vectors of development of Russian digital humanities,
as well as analyze the reasons for the continued interest in nostalgic discussions in online communities, social
networks and other media platforms. We make a conclusion that in modern scientifi c discourse there are two
approaches to the study of the image of the USSR in the mass consciousness: fi rst, the analysis of the content
of media content about “the Soviet” (very diverse in quality and form), and second, the study of user/viewer reaction (reception). There is an indication of tendencies in the Russian media space to depoliticize the discussion
of the Soviet period. However, nostalgic debates continue to mark the boundaries of the confrontation between
liberals-anti-Soviets, Soviet patriots and patriots-patriots, indicating the presence of several ideological splits in
Russian society. Social networks become a platform for the formation of alter and counter narratives, contributing
to the maintenance of pluralism of opinions and knowledge about the past. The study reveals three components
of nostalgic discussions: comparison of the past and the present, ideological opposition, (and the least politicized) admiration for Soviet aesthetics and everyday life
Building a measure of self-perception discrepancy for students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Saladin University - Erbil
Authors: Sherwan Muhammed Tofiq  , Azima Abbas Al Sultani
Published: December 2024

The current study aims to:
Constructing a self-perception contrast scale for students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Salah Al-Din University - Erbil. In order to achieve this goal, the research sample consisting of (309) students from the (first, second and fourth) stages was selected to represent the sample of building the self-perception contradiction scale, and to build the self-perception contradiction scale according to the theory of Higgins (1987), whose number of paragraphs consisted of (46 ) A paragraph for each dimension divided by from the point of view of the individual himself, and from the point of view of others, and the researchers used the method of virtual validity and indicators of constructive validity to extract the validity of the scale, and they also used the method of re-testing and Cronbach's alpha coefficient to extract the stability of the scale.
The study reached the following results:
1- A measure was built through which the level of self-contradictory self-perception can be identified among students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Salahaddin University - Erbil.
The effect of meaning guidance approach on the ego identity of fencing players in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq
Authors: Yadgar Saeed  , Azima Abass
Published: December 2024

Logo counseling is one of the counseling schools, which is the human orientation that follows the applications of existential therapy, also it is considered as an effective method in psychological counseling and wider field than existential therapy because of its successfulness in developing technics in practicing counseling throughout the organization of human direction concern which study humans in terms of spiritual experience as well as biological and mental structure capable of growth, change and sublimation. (Frankl, 1976, 75). The study aims to identify the differences in self-efficiency, ego identity and lunge speed and accuracy for experiment and control groups in pre and post tests for sample players. The experiment approach is used in the study which appropriates with the nature of the research, the study population consists of senior fencing players in Kurdistan Region of (2020-2021) with a total number of (70) players distributed on (16) sport clubs, the researcher divided the population into two groups, first group for consists of (11) clubs used for scale development included (45) participants, second group included (5) clubs with (20) individuals. The researchers concludes that there is clear effect of logo counseling program prepared by researchers in developing self-efficiency and ego identity of experiment group, and there is a lack of psychological counseling instructions led to nonsignificant differences of control group individuals. In addition to the efficiency of self-efficiency scale for fencing players in Kurdistan Region – Iraq. Therefore, the researchers recommended conducting furthers for the same variables on older samples and for both genders in addition to supporting various curriculums and activities of ego identity while research one of the best methods contributes in improvement and development.
Mary’s Route – The Settlement and Regional Development Aspects of Pilgrimage Tourism
Authors: Hosszú Emese , Ritter Krisztián
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we examine the situation of pilgrimages, their impact on the related rural area, their economic and tourism role and their future. [1] The pilgrimage has a centuries-old tradition in the Csík region in Romania and the surrounding villages. It is part of the local culture and has been gaining ground in recent decades, with an ever-widening circle of interested people. The Pentecost Feast of Csíksomlyó and the pilgrimages have a great impact on the cultural and religious life of the county, but it is also a question of the pull it has on the economic and tourist life of the region... 
[1] This article is an abbreviated version of Emese Hosszú 's previous MSc thesis (see Hosszú, 2023, supervisor: Dr. habil Krisztián Ritter).
Sport and Spiritual Life – Insights From Survey Research in the Mária Maraton Project
Authors: Nagy-Molnár Melinda , Bogárdi Tünde
Published: December 2024

In Hungary, the Mária Maraton is an almost decade-long project. However, like many other community activities, it was non-operational during the COVID pandemic. This study aims to present pilgrimage tourism, primarily from the perspective of its participants. The investigation is facilitated by a comprehensive survey conducted by the Mária Út Association and its partners, who sought new tools to promote pilgrimage and Mary’s Route. The survey examined two target groups. First, it focused on those engaged in community and/or personal development as their main occupation or as volunteers. Second, a questionnaire was administered to a target group interested in the topic, through whose opinions we can learn about their general views on the significance of pilgrimages and whether sports, which can appeal to both believers and non-believers, could be a new tool for promoting pilgrimages and sacred sites.
Ecology of the coastal tundra of Varandei. State of natural environment components on the basis of normative indicators
Authors: Martynov S. V.
Published: December 2024

In a previous issue of this journal (Vol. 2, No. 3, 2024), the author characterized the natural conditions of the Varandey coastal tundra area. The present article continues this research, focusing on the ecological state of the components of the natural environment. The data for analysis were obtained through field surveys of the area, analytical studies of the collected specimens, standardized indicators of their quality, as well as from open sources.
A CONSTRUÇÃO DO LUXO: A ARQUITETURA DAS LOJAS CONCEITO
Authors: Marcella Huguinim Guerra  , Izadora Cristina Côrrea Silva  , Arthur Zanuti Franklin
Published: December 2024

Este estudo analisa a aplicação do design de marca na arquitetura das Flagship Stores como instrumento de segregação social. A pesquisa, de caráter descritivo, baseia-se em uma revisão bibliográfica e na análise comparativa de flagships de marcas internacionais de destaque. Os procedimentos metodológicos incluíram a identificação e análise de elementos formais e simbólicos das lojas, assim como a interpretação de suas implicações sociais. A pesquisa revelou que a arquitetura dessas lojas, além de atrair consumidores, serve como uma ferramenta de distinção social, sugerindo que a estética pode ser um mecanismo sutil de exclusão. Conclui-se que, ao transcender suas funções práticas, a arquitetura das Flagship Stores revela dinâmicas sociais mais profundas e complexas, destacando a interseção entre design, consumo e estratificação social. Através de uma estética sofisticada e distintiva, essas lojas reforçam a exclusividade e a distinção das marcas, contribuindo para a segregação social e evidenciando a capacidade do design arquitetônico de influenciar a percepção e o comportamento dos consumidores.
O controle social da gestão dos recursos públicos para educação: um estudo a partir do conselho do fundeb em mossoró/rn
Authors:   , Marques Thiago Henrique Gomes Duarte
Published: December 2024

Com a promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988, a participação da sociedade nas ações estatais passou a ganhar maior respaldo, chegando a ser institucionalizada em várias áreas. No trato com os recursos públicos voltados para a educação básica, insituiu-se o Conselho do Fundeb, composto por membros da sociedade e do Estado, com a principal função de exercer o controle social sobre a utilização desses recursos. Pela sua composição, hipoteticamente, o Conselho deve ser dotado de total legitimidade representativa da sua base e atuar em estrita consonância com a legalidade, utilizando todas as prerrogativas que lhe foram atribuídas. Fazendo uso da análise de conteúdo, da observação não participante e da aplicação de formulário aos conselheiros; utilizando ainda, como fontes, trabalhos acadêmicos e leis correlatas ao tema, além dos documentos internos do Conselho – seu regimento interno e suas atas – tudo isso em permanente diálogo com a referência teórica devida, chegamos à conclusão de que o Conselho do Fundeb de Mossoró não atua com efetividade, preterindo cerca da metade das suas atribuções, bem como de que os documentos apresentados pelo Poder Executivo para prestação de contas é initeligível para a quase totalidade dos Conselheiros, o que impede o efetivo exercício do controle social. Por fim, em que pese maior parte da composição do Conselho ser oriunda da sociedade, concluímos que não há efetiva legitimidade dos conselheiros para exercerem sua função, o que pode ser observado em especial pela ausência de predominància democrática na escolha dos representantes, enfatizado pela falta de interesse dos representados e que repercute na ausência de diálogo entre representante e representados.
Predação de Allopodagrion contortum (Odonata) pela aranha Alpaida truncata (Araneidae)
Authors: Silva Igor Henrique da , Dias-Oliveira Tomás Matheus , Jacques Gabriel de Castro , Souza Marcos Magalhães de
Published: December 2024

A obtenção de informações etológicas das espécies é crucial para entender os serviços ambientais prestados por elas. Esse conhecimento é vital para compreender as interações ecológicas e o fluxo de energia nos ecossistemas. Insetos e aracnídeos desempenham papeis importantes nesse processo, embora existam vários registros de predação de libélulas por aranhas no mundo, são escassas essas informações no Brasil. Portanto, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo acrescentar informações sobre a predação de libélulas por aranhas. Em 10 de novembro de 2023, na região de Serrinha, Luminárias, Minas Gerais, foi observada uma Allopodagrion contortum (Odonata) presa na teia da Alpaida truncata (Araneidae). Com essa ocorrência acrescentamos dados sobre a relação trófica entre aranhas e libélulas, com primeira informação de A. truncata como predadora de A. contortum. Para melhor entendimento dessa relação e comportamento de predação sugerimos mais pesquisas.