bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Behavior of an anchored sheet pile quay in soft clay reinforced by various structural types of cemented soil
Authors: Chen Shengyuan , Guan Yunfei , Dai Jiqun , Han Xun
Published: December 2023

In this research, the potential benefits of using various structural types of cemented soil, including block-type, column-type, and wall-type, to reinforce the active zone behind a quay wall were investigated by experimental and numerical methods. The response of the quay wall and ground was analysed from aspects of soil movement, quay wall displacement, lateral earth pressure, and bending moment, and a close agreement between the experimental and numerical results was observed. Experimental and numerical results showed that the cemented soil effectively prevented potential deep soil sliding, and then lateral displacement of the quay wall and ground deformation was reduced. Among various structural patterns, the case with the block-type cemented soil exhibited smaller lateral earth pressure on the quay wall, while the case with the wall-type cemented soil more effectively reduced the bending moments and lateral displacements of the quay wall; therefore, wall-type cemented soil seems to be more favourable considering their improved performance under the same load intensities and excavation depth. This research provides a hint and guideline for the preliminary design of cemented soil-stabilised sheet pile quay structures in soft clay based on the lateral load-reduction effect of the varying structural types of the cemented soil.
Field test on cross-sectional behaviors of a retaining energy pile subjected to horizontal loads
Authors: Zhou Yang , Kong Gangqiang , Li Junjie
Published: December 2023

Energy piles may be utilized for retaining structures, embankment reinforcements, and building foundations on a slope. In this study, a field test of a retaining energy pile subjected to horizontal loads has been carried out. The pile was subjected to thermal and thermo-mechanical loads before and after a pit excavation of 6 m deep, respectively. The non-uniform thermal and mechanical response at the cross-section due to heating and horizontal-load-induced bending has been recorded. A simplified mechanism of the normal strain and stress at the pile cross-section was introduced to infer the thermo-mechanical behavior of the energy pile. The results show that the restraint of the retaining pile markedly decreased at the depth of 1.5 and 4.0 m under the thermo-mechanical loads, compared to the case subjected to thermal load only. The bending behaviors (bending moment and horizontal displacement) indicate that there is a 10%–15% increase in bending moment when the energy pile was heated after the pit excavation. This effect needs to be considered at the most unfavorable section position. A possible positive effect is that heating up is beneficial for reducing the risk of tensile crack at the pile section due to the thermal compressive stress.
Variation in body condition of moose calves in regions with contrasted winter conditions and tick loads
Authors: De Pierre Delphine , Leighton Patrick , Côté Steeve D. , Tremblay Jean-Pierre
Published: December 2023

For many mammals living at higher latitudes, food scarcity and snow-hindered movements associated with their first winter are synonymous of trying months. In addition, most wild animals have to cope with parasites. Many studies have been conducted on captive animals to assess consequences parasitism on health over winter, but comparable studies on wild populations are scarce for large mammals. Here, we performed winter tick ( Dermacentor albipictus Packard, 1869) counts and collected body condition data (mass and hematological parameters) on 15 moose ( Alces alces (Linnaeus, 1758)) calves from two distinct climatic regions in northern and southern New Brunswick (Canada) in January. The same calves were recaptured 3 months later to observe variation in body condition parameters. Higher tick loads and more drastic changes of hematological parameters, such as hematocrit and creatinine in southern individuals, suggested that this population might be suffering more from the consequences of winter tick infestation than the northernmost population. However, other parameters that were not measured in our study, such as quantity and quality of food, could influence moose calves body condition at the southeastern limit of their range.
Lifetime measurement of excited states in $$^{116}$$Xe
Authors: Lakenbrink Casper-David , Beckers Marcel , Blazhev Andrey , Dewald Alfred , Dunkel Felix , Esmaylzadeh Arwin , Fransen Christoph , Jolie Jan , Knafla Lukas , Müller-Gatermann Claus , von Spee Franziskus , Zell Karl-Oskar
Published: December 2023

Lifetimes of excited states in $$^{116}$$

116

Xe were measured using the recoil-distance Doppler-shift technique. Excited $$^{116}$$

116

Xe nuclei were populated in the fusion-evaporation reaction $$^{102}$$

102

Pd($$^{16}$$

16

O,2n)$$^{116}$$

116

Xe. Lifetimes of the 2$$^+_1$$

1
+

and 4$$^+_1$$

1
+

states were evaluated using the differential decay-curve method with $$\gamma $$
γ
-$$\gamma $$
γ
-coincidence data as well as lifetimes of the 6$$^+_1$$

1
+

and 7$$^-_1$$

1
-

states using simulations of spectra considering Doppler-shift attenuation effects.
Teleparallel bigravity
Authors: Blixt Daniel , Hohmann Manuel , Koivisto Tomi , Marzola Luca
Published: December 2023

We write down the teleparallel equivalent to Hassan–Rosen bigravity, which is written using a torsionful but curvature-free connection. The theories only differ by a boundary term. The equivalence was proven, both by using perturbation theory and Hamiltonian analysis. It is further shown how one can construct novel bigravity theories within the teleparallel framework. Some of those are analyzed through perturbation theory, and it is found that all of the considered novel bigravity theories suffer from pathologies. In particular, it is found that a construction with two copies of new general relativity leads to ghostly degrees of freedom which are not present in the single tetrad teleparallel corresponding theory. We demonstrate how the teleparallel framework allows to easily create theories with derivative interaction. However, it is shown through perturbation theory that the simplest model is not viable. Furthermore, we demonstrate some steps in the Hamiltonian analysis of teleparallel bigravity with two copies of new general relativity and some toy models. The results rule out some of the novel teleparallel bigravity theories, but also demonstrate techniques in perturbation theory and Hamiltonian analysis which could be further used for more profound theories in the future.
Multiple gravity laws for human mobility within cities
Authors: Kwon Oh-Hyun , Hong Inho , Jung Woo-Sung , Jo Hang-Hyun
Published: December 2023

The gravity model of human mobility has successfully described the deterrence of travels with distance in urban mobility patterns. While a broad spectrum of deterrence was found across different cities, yet it is not empirically clear if movement patterns in a single city could also have a spectrum of distance exponents denoting a varying deterrence depending on the origin and destination regions in the city. By analyzing the travel data in the twelve most populated cities of the United States of America, we empirically find that the distance exponent governing the deterrence of travels significantly varies within a city depending on the traffic volumes of the origin and destination regions. Despite the diverse traffic landscape of the cities analyzed, a common pattern is observed for the distance exponents; the exponent value tends to be higher between regions with larger traffic volumes, while it tends to be lower between regions with smaller traffic volumes. This indicates that our method indeed reveals the hidden diversity of gravity laws that would be overlooked otherwise.
New spin and p-spin symmetries of the deformed Dirac equation for the IMRQHPs including the improved YLT interaction in three-dimensional extended relativistic quantum mechanics symmetries
Authors: Maireche Abdelmadjid
Published: December 2023

In this paper, the modified Dirac equation (MDE) has been solved approximately for improved Manning–Rosen plus quasi-Hellman potentials (IMRQHPs), including the improved Yukawa tensor interaction under new spin symmetry and pseudospin symmetry for arbitrary spin–orbit number [Formula: see text], an appropriate approximation employed on the centrifugal terms in the symmetries of three-dimensional extended relativistic quantum mechanics (3D-ERQM). This potential is a superposition of Manning–Rosen plus quasi-Hellman potentials and some other exponential terms. Through the application of both new approximations to deal with the centrifugal term, Bopp’s shift method and the independent-time perturbation theory method, the recent modified approximate energy corrections under IMRQHPs are obtained for nuclei [Formula: see text]O and [Formula: see text]F and (O2, I2, N2, H2, LiH, CO and NO) diatomic molecules in 3D-ERQM and three-dimensional extended non-relativistic quantum mechanics (3D-ENRQM) symmetries. The recent values that we get appear sensitive to [Formula: see text], which are known as the discrete atomic quantum numbers, the mixed potential depths ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) and [Formula: see text], the range of the potential [Formula: see text] and non-commutativity parameters [Formula: see text]. In both 3D-ERQM and 3D-ENRQM symmetries, we show that the recent corrections obtained on the new bound states under IMRQHPs are infinitesimal to the principal part of energy in the ordinary cases of 3D-RQM and 3D-NRQM symmetries. In the new symmetries of 3D-ERQM symmetries, it is not possible to get the exact analytical solutions [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], only the approximate solutions are possible. In addition, we discussed in detail the non-relativistic study of the studied mixed potentials. Four special cases, i.e. we investigated some special cases in the context of modified Schrödinger theories. In the framework of known relativistic quantum mechanics, we have clearly demonstrated that the modified Schrödinger equation can be represented as the Dirac equation under the influence of IMRQHPs.
Esketamine Combined with Propofol TCI versus Propofol TCI for Deep Sedation during Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration: A Prospective, Randomized, and Controlled Trial
Authors: Cui Sichen , Huang Peiying , Wei Zhanxiong , Guo Ting , Zhang Aiyan , Huang Lining
Published: December 2023

Background. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is an invasive procedure that required deep sedation to suppress coughing and body movements. Deep sedation, on the other hand, has been shown to cause respiratory and circulatory depression, especially when the airway is shared with the endoscopist. Esketamine is a novel sedative and analgesic with little respiratory inhibition that appears to be an appropriate adjuvant in propofol sedation for EBUS-TBNA. We compared the efficacy and safety of esketamine combined with propofol target-controlled infusion (TCI) and propofol TCI for deep sedation in EBUS-TBNA. Methods. The study included 135 patients with ASA II-III undergoing EBUS-TBNA. They were randomly divided into two groups (group E and group P). Both groups received midazolam (0.01–0.03 mg/kg) and oxycodone (0.07–0.08 mg/kg). Then, patients in group E received 0.3 mg/kg esketamine, propofol TCI, and 0.2 mg·kg−1·h−1 esketamine for sedative maintenance. Patients in group P received only propofol TCI. The primary outcome was the dose of 1% lidocaine administrated by the endoscopist and the times of lidocaine sprays. Secondary outcome indicators were cough score, propofol dosage, patient satisfaction, endoscopist satisfaction, the incidence of sedation-related adverse effects and side effects, and recovery time. Results. Patients in group E were given significantly less lidocaine (4.36 ml/h (2.67–6.00) vs 6.00 ml/h (4.36–7.20),

P
<
0.001

) and less spraying frequency (2.18 times/h (1.33–3.00) vs 3.00 times/h (2.18–3.60),

P
<
0.001

) than group P. There was a statistically significant difference in cough score between the two groups (group E 2 (0–4) vs group P 3 (2–4),

P
=
0.03

). Also, mean arterial pressure (MAP) was higher in group E in the 30th min (T5, 84.10 ± 12.91 mmHg versus 79.04 ± 10.01 mmHg,

P
=
0.012

) and 40th min (T6, 87.72 ± 15.55 mmHg versus 82.14 ± 10.51 mmHg,

P
=
0.026

). There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of sedation-related adverse events and side effects, recovery time, endoscopist satisfaction, and patient satisfaction. Conclusions. In patients with ASA II-III, esketamine as an adjuvant in combination with propofol TCI deep sedation for EBUS-TBNA can improve the sedation effect, reduce coughing reaction during the procedure, and obtain more stable blood pressure. No reduction in the occurrence of sedation-related side effects was observed. This trial is registered with ChiCTR2200061124.
Use of Optical Coherence Tomography in Dentistry
Authors: Janjua Omer Sefvan , Jeelani Waqar , Khan Muhammad Ikram , Qureshi Sana Mehmood , Shaikh Muhammad Saad , Zafar Muhammad Sohail , Khurshid Zohaib
Published: December 2023

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an optics-based imaging technique, which may be called an “optical biopsy.” It can be used to acquire structural information about a tissue at a resolution comparable to histopathology. OCT is based on the principle of low-coherence interferometry where near-infrared (NIR) light is shown on a tissue sample and then cross-sectional images are obtained based on backscattered light and echo time delay. Two main types of OCT are characterized as time-domain OCT (TD-OCT) and Fourier-domain OCT (FD-OCT). The applications of OCT in dentistry can be broadly divided into two groups, i.e., assessment of pathologies and assessment of surfaces and interfaces. Lately, OCT has made its transition from experimental laboratories to mainstream clinical applications. Starting from the short-term training courses, clinicians working in specialities like oral pathology, oral medicine, and oral implantology may find it a useful tool for their practices. It is now clear that OCT will be considered a gold standard diagnostic tool for the detection and characterization of several conditions and lesions of the orofacial region. However, the next challenge will be to incorporate it into the undergraduate and postgraduate curriculum and train dental healthcare staff in the use of these devices.
Determination of the Caving Zone and Fracture Zone Heights by Using the LK-Means Algorithm
Authors: Zhou Ze , Cao Juncai , Lai Long , Zhou Jinlian , Xu Mengtang
Published: December 2023

The caving zone and fracture zone frequently appear after coal excavation. However, the caving zone and fracture zone can hardly be obtained with an empirical equation. Therefore, identifying a proper method to determine the caving zone and fracture zone is critically important to engineering practice. In this paper, Universal Distinct Element Code numerical simulations were conducted. Furthermore, the LK-means algorithm was used to determine the caving zone and fracture zone heights. To verify the validity of the proposed method, two engineering case studies were used. It could be found that the height calculated by the proposed method agrees well with that determined in engineering tests. Hence, the proposed method can be used in engineering practice.
A Modified Recombinant DNA-Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Expressing Stabilized Uncleavable Spike Protein Elicits Humoral and Cellular Immunity against Various SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern
Authors: Abdulal Rwaa H. , Khan Muhammad Yasir , Aljehani Najwa D. , Fallata Zakiyah I. , AlHarbi Rahaf H. , Alsulaiman Reem M. , Ghazal Ezdehar Abdulraouf , Basabrain Mohammad , Sanki Mohammad A. , Ganash Magdah , Qadri Ishtiaq , Abdulaal Wesam H. , Alrabia Mohammad W. , Hassanain Mazen , Alfaleh Mohamed A. , Raman Sathya N. Thulasi , Tamming Levi , Altorki Tarfa , Abujamel Turki S. , Li Xuguang , Algaissi Abdullah , Alhabbab Rowa Y. , Hashem Anwar M.
Published: December 2023

The appearance of several variants of concern (VOCs) of SARS-CoV-2 affects the efficacy of currently available vaccines and causes continuous spread and reinfection between humans. These variants possess different spike (S) protein mutations, which could affect viral pathogenicity, transmission, and immune escape. Herein, we develop a synthetic codon-optimized DNA vaccine (VIU-1007) expressing full-length S protein. The developed vaccine is stabilized by two K986P and V987P proline substitutions and resistant to cleavage by proteases such as furin by deletion of arginine residues (R682, R683, and R685) in multibasic furin cleavage site (RRAR). Additionally, it carries K417N, E484K, N501Y, and D614G substitutions in the receptor binding domain (RBD) derived from the beta VOC. Following the validation and characterization of the in vitro S protein expression, the humoral and cellular immunogenicity of VIU-1007 was assessed in immunized Balb/c mice. While both regimens elicited a Th-1-biased immune response based on S1-specific binding IgG isotypes, three vaccine doses significantly enhanced IgG levels. Furthermore, CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cell responses in spleens and draining inguinal lymph nodes were significantly higher in mice received three doses of VIU-1007 when compared to those received two doses only. Importantly, sera from mice immunized with three doses showed broad neutralization breadth against several SARS-CoV-2 variants, including alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and omicron VOCs. Moreover, the sera showed limited neutralization capacity against SARS-CoV-1, Bat SARS-like coronavirus WIV1, and MERS-CoV. Together, while these data suggest the presence of common neutralizing-rich epitopes between SARS-CoV-2 variants and some other betacoronaviruses, the ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 could result in escape from vaccine-induced immunity, which requires a continuous update of vaccines.
An Enhanced Technique of COVID‐19 Detection and Classification Using Deep Convolutional Neural Network from Chest X‐Ray and CT Images
Authors: Islam Md Khairul , Rahman Md Mahbubur , Ali Md Shahin , Miah Md Sipon , Rahman Md Habibur
Published: December 2023

Background. Coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) is an infectious illness that spreads widely over a short period of time and finally causes a pandemic. Unfortunately, the lack of radiologists, improper COVID‐19 diagnosing procedures, and insufficient medical supplies have all played roles in these devastating losses of life. Deep learning (DL) could be used to detect and classify COVID‐19 for potential image‐based diagnosis. Materials and Methods. This paper proposes an improved deep convolutional neural network (IDConv‐Net) to detect and classify COVID‐19 using X‐ray and computed tomography (CT) images. Before the training phase, preprocessing methods such as filtering, data normalization, classification variable encoding, and data augmentation were used in conjunction with the proposed IDConv‐Net to increase the effectiveness of the detection and classification processes. To extract essential features, deep CNN is then employed. As a result, the suggested model can identify patterns and relationships crucial to the image classification task, resulting in more precise and useful diagnoses. Python and Keras (with TensorFlow as a backend) were used to carry out the experiment. Results. The proposed IDConv‐Net was tested using chest X‐rays and CT images collected from hospitals in Sao Paulo, Brazil, and online databases. After evaluating the model, the proposed IDConv‐Net achieved an accuracy of 99.53% and 98.41% in training and testing for CT images and 97.49% and 96.99% in training and testing for X‐ray images, respectively. Further, the area under the curve (AUC) value is 0.954 and 0.996 for X‐ray and CT images, respectively, indicating the excellent performance of the proposed model. Conclusion. The findings of our proposed IDConv‐Net model confirm that the model outperformed compared to existing COVID‐19 detection and classification models. The IDConv‐Net outperforms current state‐of‐the‐art models by 2.25% for X‐rays and 2.81% for CT images. Additionally, the IDConv‐Net training approach is significantly quicker than the current transfer learning models.
Why Metformin Should Not Be Used as an Oxidative Phosphorylation Inhibitor in Cancer Patients
Authors: Sakellakis Minas
Published: December 2023

Background: Preclinical studies have suggested that metformin exerts antitumor effects on various types of cancers. However, the results of human clinical trials have been inconsistent. Summary: Metformin is widely considered to be a prime example of a clinically relevant compound that inhibits oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). However, the efficacy of metformin in inhibiting OXPHOS in cancer patients remains uncertain. The available evidence suggests that the plasma concentration of metformin remains within the micromolar range when administered at therapeutic doses. While millimolar concentrations are necessary to inhibit complex I activity in isolated mitochondria, there is no evidence supporting the idea that metformin accumulates within the mitochondria. Metformin exerts a modest effect on the adenosine diphosphate to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ratio, resulting in AMP-activated protein kinase activation, which promotes ATP-generating catabolic pathways and restores cellular energy balance. Key Messages: The value of metformin as an OXPHOS inhibitor for cancer treatment is debatable, and caution should be exercised while using metformin for this purpose.
Ocular Dirofilariasis: A Clinicopathologic Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Camacho Matthew , Antonietti Michael , Sayegh Yoseph , Colson Jordan D. , Kunkler Anne L. , Clauss Kevin D. , Muniz-Castro Hannah , Lee Wendy W. , Yoo Sonia H. , Johnson Thomas E. , Dubovy Sander R.
Published: December 2023

Purpose: Ocular dirofilariasis is an uncommon zoonotic infection that is usually associated with a carnivore host. In this case series and literature review, we investigate the clinical presentation, management, and histopathology of ocular dirofilariasis. Methods: The database at the Florida Lions Ocular Pathology Laboratory was searched for surgical specimens at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute under approval of the Institutional Review Board. Patients with a histopathologic diagnosis of dirofilariasis between the years 1962 and 2022 from the Florida Lions Ocular Pathology Laboratory database were included (n = 3). A systematic PubMed search was conducted by two independent authors to identify published cases of ophthalmic dirofilariasis worldwide. Keywords were used to identify articles, and exclusion criteria were applied. Results: Three patients, two males and one female, were identified from the Florida Lions Ocular Pathology Laboratory database with a diagnosis of ocular dirofilariasis. The mean age was 46.7 years (with a range 33–57 years). There were two eyelid lesions (Cases 1 and 3) and one involving the subconjunctival space (Case 2). All three organisms were excised and presumptively identified as Dirofilaria tenuis. All 3 patients were managed with curative surgical removal and recovered completely. Our review of the literature identified 540 published reports and 142 published reports with 186 cases that met the exclusion criteria. Conclusion: We present a case series and literature review of ocular dirofilariasis. Knowledge of the incidence, risk factors, prevention, and diagnosis of this unique parasitic infection will help in proper management and prevent further ocular complications.
Dapsone-Induced Granulomatous Cholestatic Hepatitis Unmasked by Steroid Taper: A Case Report
Authors: Prakash Shahana , Gosse Matthew , Tanaka Tomohiro
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Dapsone is known to cause drug-induced liver injury (DILI) but can rarely induce the formation of hepatic granulomas. We describe a patient with jaundice who demonstrated granulomas on liver biopsy in response to dapsone. Her symptoms were only evident once steroids, used to also treat her pyoderma gangrenosum, had been tapered. Case Presentation: In this case, a 67-year-old female was hospitalized due to 1 day of jaundice. She had started dapsone and prednisone concurrently 7 weeks ago to treat her pyoderma gangrenosum. Steroids were discontinued 4 days prior to symptoms. Her laboratories were notable for newly elevated alkaline phosphatase (756 U/L), aspartate transaminase (199 U/L), alanine transaminase (273 U/L), and total bilirubin (12.6 mg/dL). Dapsone was held due to suspicion for DILI. A liver biopsy was performed and disclosed non-necrotizing hepatic granulomas. After infectious and autoimmune causes were excluded, dapsone was determined to be the cause of her hepatic granulomas. Her bilirubin and liver enzymes steadily normalized over the next 4 weeks following discontinuation of dapsone. Conclusion: Thus, dapsone-related liver injury may present following a steroid taper if dapsone and steroids had been initially started together. Hepatic granulomas, though rare, can be seen when dapsone causes DILI.
Eine zentrale Frage zur Komplementärmedizin: Gibt es in der Natur außer den physikalischen Grundkräften noch weitere Kräfte?
Authors: Kiene Helmut , Hamre Harald Johan
Published: December 2023

Hintergrund: In der Integration von konventioneller und komplementärer Medizin spiegelt sich der Methodenpluralismus der Wissenschaft. Die Ontologien vieler komplementärmedizinischer Systeme liegen allerdings außerhalb der Erklärbarkeit durch die Kräfte der Physik. Eine zentrale Frage ist deshalb: Gibt es Kräfte in der Natur, die eine materielle Wirkung haben, deren Ursprung aber nicht in Atomen oder Molekülen und in diesem Sinne nicht in der Materie liegt? Zusammenfassung: Die Annahme, dass in der Natur keine anderen als die mit Atomen und Molekülen assoziierten physikalischen Kräfte existent und wirksam seien, ist wissenschaftlich nicht begründet. Beispielsweise ist die Bildung und Erhaltung der funktionsfähigen Gestalt von Organismen nicht durch molekulare Prozesse (z.B. von der DNA zur RNA und weiter zu Aminosäuren und Proteinen) erklärbar. Die Prozesse auf jeder strukturellen Ebene – von den Molekülen, Organellen, Zellen, Organen bis hinauf zum Gesamtorganismus – sind in Hinblick auf die Bildung der funktionsfähigen Gestalt der jeweils nächsthöheren Ebene gesteuert. Für diese Gestaltbildung gibt es spezifische Kräfte, die systematisch erforscht werden können. Ihre Existenz impliziert eine erweiterte Konzeption von Materie. Diese Gestalt-bildenden Kräfte und dieses erweiterte Konzept von Materie sind relevant für die wissenschaftliche Erfassung komplementärmedizinischer Systeme. Zentrale Aussagen:In der Natur sind außer den physikalischen Kräften noch weitere spezifische Kräfte wirksam, beispielsweise bei der Bildung und Erhaltung der funktionsfähigen Gestalt von Organismen. Diese Kräfte können systematisch erforscht werden. Die Existenz dieser Kräfte impliziert eine erweitere Konzeption von Materie. Diese Kräfte und das erweiterte Materiekonzept sind relevant für die wissenschaftliche Erfassung komplementärmedizinischer Systeme, beispielsweise der Homöopathie.
Mismatch of Biological and Social Time in Cocaine-Addicted Men
Authors: Fernando Jeevan , Ersche Karen D.
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Chronotype describes a person’s preferential activity pattern during a 24-hour period, which may not be in line with their social lifestyle. A mismatch between biological and social time is known as “social jetlag,” which has negative effects on wellbeing. Cocaine influences a person’s activity levels, but very little is known about possible changes in chronotype of patients with cocaine use disorder (CUD). Here, we aimed to shed light on self-reported changes in chronotype in patients with CUD and the clinical implications. Methods: A total of 90 men from the local community were recruited; about half of the sample met the criteria for CUD, while the other half were healthy without a personal history of substance use disorder. Participants completed the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire along with questionnaires about mental health, daily fatigue, and drug/alcohol use. Results: Half of the CUD patients fell into the category of late chronotype – a significantly larger proportion than their healthy peers. Late “night owls” tended to have started using cocaine at an earlier age than other chronotypes; a finding that was not observed with tobacco, cannabis, or alcohol. Drug use severity in CUD patients did not differ across chronotypes. CUD patients (52%) did not have a preferred time of day to use cocaine. The mismatch between social and biological time was significantly greater in CUD patients and unrelated to drug use or mental health status. Conclusion: CUD appears to be associated with disruptions in chronotype which are, contrary to a widely held view, not reflected by using patterns or addiction severity.
Exploring the Diagnostic Potential of EPB41L3 Methylation in Cervical Cancer and Precancerous Lesions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sha Ying , Liu Yunyun , Yang Xiaoxiao , Wang Jing , Zhang Ruohan , Shen Fangrong
Published: December 2023

Objective: This meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively evaluate the diagnostic use of erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1like3 (EPB41L3) methylation detection in cervical cancer (CC) and its precancerous lesions. Methods: CNKI, Wanfang, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Ovid databases were searched using a combination of subject headings and free words. Pertinent data were retrieved after screening for inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the quality of the included studies was evaluated using QUADAS-2 criteria. The appropriate software was used for heterogeneity analysis and combined effect size calculation. Additionally, sensitivity analysis was used to evaluate the robustness of the combined results, and meta-regression and subgroup analysis were conducted to investigate the origins of heterogeneity. Results: This meta-analysis included six studies, including 525 healthy individuals, 182 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 (CIN1) samples, 182 CIN2 samples, 281 CIN3 samples, and 226 CC samples. EPB41L3 methylation detection for CIN2 and above lesions demonstrated combined sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and the area under the curve of the comprehensive receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.67, 0.76, 3.19, 0.41, 7.60, and 0.80, respectively; CIN3 and above lesions demonstrated these evaluations at 0.73, 0.84, 4.35, 0.33, 23.94, and 0.90, respectively. Meta-regression analysis revealed that the population, time, sample type, detection method, literature quality, and sample size were not significant sources of heterogeneity affecting the combined diagnostic efficacy of CIN2 and above lesions (p > 0.05). Subgroup analysis revealed higher combined diagnostic values of CIN2 and above lesions in retrospective studies, tissue samples, and Chinese populations, with DORs of 41.03, 14.59, and 13.70, respectively. Conclusion: EPB41L3 methylation demonstrated a relatively low diagnostic performance in CC and precancerous lesions. However, it merits further investigation as a potential biomarker. Integrating it with multiple gene detection, human papillomavirus testing, and ThinPrep liquid-based cytology test examination is recommended to explore improved diagnostic strategies for CC and its precancerous lesions.
Neighborhoods and Cardiovascular Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Kershaw Kiarri N. , Magnani Jared W. , Diez Roux Ana V. , Camacho-Rivera Marlene , Jackson Elizabeth A. , Johnson Amber E. , Magwood Gayenell S. , Morgenstern Lewis B. , Salinas Jennifer J. , Sims Mario , Mujahid Mahasin S. ,   on behalf of the Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research; Council on Epidemiology and Prevention; Council on Clinical Cardiology; Council on Hypertension; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease; and Council on the Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease
Published: December 2023

The neighborhoods where individuals reside shape environmental exposures, access to resources, and opportunities. The inequitable distribution of resources and opportunities across neighborhoods perpetuates and exacerbates cardiovascular health inequities. Thus, interventions that address the neighborhood environment could reduce the inequitable burden of cardiovascular disease in disenfranchised populations. The objective of this scientific statement is to provide a roadmap illustrating how current knowledge regarding the effects of neighborhoods on cardiovascular disease can be used to develop and implement effective interventions to improve cardiovascular health at the population, health system, community, and individual levels. PubMed/Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane Library reviews, and
ClinicalTrials.gov
were used to identify observational studies and interventions examining or targeting neighborhood conditions in relation to cardiovascular health. The scientific statement summarizes how neighborhoods have been incorporated into the actions of health care systems, interventions in community settings, and policies and interventions that involve modifying the neighborhood environment. This scientific statement presents promising findings that can be expanded and implemented more broadly and identifies methodological challenges in designing studies to evaluate important neighborhood-related policies and interventions. Last, this scientific statement offers recommendations for areas that merit further research to promote a deeper understanding of the contributions of neighborhoods to cardiovascular health and health inequities and to stimulate the development of more effective interventions.
Blood Pressure Trajectories Through the First Year Postpartum in Overweight or Obese Individuals Following a Hypertensive Disorder of Pregnancy
Authors: Hauspurg Alisse , Bryan Samantha , Jeyabalan Arun , Davis Esa M. , Hart Renee , Shirriel Jada , Muldoon Matthew F. , Catov Janet M.
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND:

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are associated with cardiovascular disease; however, patterns of blood pressure (BP) recovery are understudied. We compared pregnancy and postpartum BP trajectories among individuals with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy who developed persistent hypertension at 1-year postpartum compared with individuals with normalization of BP.

METHODS:

We used data from a randomized clinical trial of individuals with overweight, obesity, and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy conducted in the first year after delivery. Pregnancy BPs were obtained during prenatal visits; postpartum BPs were prospectively obtained through home monitoring. Demographic characteristics and trajectories were compared by hypertensive status (systolic BP ≥130 mm Hg, diastolic BP ≥80 mm Hg, or use of antihypertensive medications) at 1 year. We used repeated BP measures to fit separate mixed-effects linear regression models for pregnancy and postpartum using restricted cubic splines.

RESULTS:

We included 129 individuals; 75 (58%) individuals progressed to hypertension by 1-year postpartum. Individuals with hypertension were older, delivered at earlier gestational ages, and had higher body mass index at 1-year postpartum compared with those with normalization. Individuals with hypertension had similar BP trajectories during pregnancy to those with BP normalization but a significantly different BP trajectory (
P
<0.01 for systolic and diastolic BPs) in the first year postpartum. These differences persisted in multivariable models after adjustment for early pregnancy body mass index, age, and severity of hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (
P
<0.01 for systolic and diastolic BPs).

CONCLUSIONS:

BP trajectories in the first year postpartum, but not during pregnancy, may provide important information for risk stratification after a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03749746.
Allium beypazariense (Amaryllidaceae), a new species from middle Anatolia (Türkiye)
Authors: KOÇYİĞİT MİNE , ERARSLAN ZEYNEP BÜŞRA , ÖZHATAY NERİMAN , KAYA ERDAL
Published: December 2023

Allium beypazariense, a newly discovered species from the A. section Codonoprasum, is described and illustrated in this study. The species is endemic to middle Anatolia, Beypazarı and Çayırhan districts in Ankara in Türkiye. This research provides a comprehensive examination of the species, including its morphology, phenology, leaf anatomy, seed testa micromorphology, and conservation status. A comprehensive description of this species is provided, including detailed photographs and illustration, geographical distribution map, habitat and ecology. Furthermore, the taxonomic relationships between Allium beypazariense and its closest relatives, A. opacum is thoroughly explored and discussed. The new species can be easily distinguished from the close species by its mucronate tepal apex, sessile ovary, different anther colour, and thick scape.
A new combination in Sagittaria (Alismataceae)
Authors: WERIER DAVID , GANDHI KANCHI
Published: December 2023

N/A
Health System Integration and Cancer Center Access for Rural Hospitals
Authors: Amu-Nnadi Chimaraije N. , Ross Elizabeth S. , Garcia Natalie H. , Duncan Zoey N. , Correya Tanya A. , Montgomery Kelsey B. , Broman Kristy K.
Published: December 2023

Background

Cancer centers provide superior care but are less accessible to rural populations. Health systems that integrate a cancer center may provide broader access to quality surgical care, but penetration to rural hospitals is unknown.

Methods

Cancer center data were linked to health system data to describe health systems based on whether they included at least one accredited cancer center. Health systems with and without cancer centers were compared based on rural hospital presence. Bivariate tests and multivariable logistic regression were used with results reported as P-values and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

Ninety percent of cancer centers are in a health system, and 72% of health systems (434/607) have a cancer center. Larger health systems ( P = .03) with more trainees ( P = .03) more often have cancer centers but are no more likely to include rural hospitals (11% vs 6%, P = .43; adjusted OR .69, 95% CI .28-1.70). The minority of cancer centers not in health systems (N = 95) more often serve low complexity patient populations ( P = .02) in non-metropolitan areas ( P = .03).

Discussion

Health systems with rural hospitals are no more likely to have a cancer center. Ongoing health system integration will not necessarily expand rural patients’ access to surgical care under existing health policy infrastructure and incentives.
Poverty Changes Among Regions of Uttar Pradesh: A Decomposition Exercise During the 2000s
Authors: Sahoo Priyabrata , Singh Manish Kumar , Pathak D. C.
Published: December 2023

This article examines the disparities in poverty among the regions of Uttar Pradesh during the 2000s through a poverty decomposition exercise. While the poverty reduction from 2004–2005 to 2011–2012 is faster in the northern and southern upper Ganga plain, the reduction is slower in the eastern and southern regions. The poverty headcount ratio increases for the central region. While eastern and southern regions have higher real Monthly Per Capita Expenditure (MPCE) growth than the state average, the lower poverty elasticity in these regions caused slower poverty reduction. The southern and northern upper Ganga plain have high poverty elasticity causing a faster poverty reduction. This study finds that Uttar Pradesh’s central region faces a critical problem with increased Head-Count Ratio and declining MPCE. The differential change in poverty among the regions has also been analysed using the occupational pattern and landholding distribution among regions, both rural and urban areas.

JEL Codes: R32, R11, R12
Instagram Content Analysis in the Context of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide
Authors: Unruh-Dawes Emma L. , Wagler Kayla , Wells Tony T.
Published: December 2023

The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide posits that interpersonal factors, specifically perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness, increase suicidal ideation. Many modern social interactions take place over social media and, as such, examining social media content may offer a novel way to assess interpersonal relationships. In this preregistered study of 386 young adults, we examined the relationship between the amount of interaction with friends- and whether or not individuals interacted with family-related Instagram content and perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and suicidal ideation. Instagram content was assessed via self-report and participants’ Instagram profiles. Participants who endorsed interacting with family on Instagram demonstrated lower thwarted belongingness and suicidal ideation, but not perceived burdensomeness. Non-preregistered analyses of friend Instagram content demonstrated similar results. Consistent with the Interpersonal Theory, participants’ interaction with family and frequency of interacting with friends on Instagram was associated with interpersonal variables and suicidal ideation but not aspects of acquired capability. Our study suggests that social media-based measures of interpersonal relationships are relevant to suicidality.
Optimization of gas saturation calculation model for deep clastic reservoirs under strong compression stress
Authors: Yuan Long , Zhang Haining , Cao Yuan , Yao Junpeng , Luo Shaocheng
Published: December 2023

The interpretation model for gas saturation in deep clastic reservoirs subject to intensive extrusion stress relies predominantly on experimental petrophysical data and the expanded Archie equation. Nonetheless, these methodologies may not consistently yield optimum results. Specifically, when subsurface pressure impacts formation resistivity, the resulting curve values exhibit substantial elevations, leading to significant inaccuracies in the precise estimation of gas saturation from resistivity logging data. Consequently, the evaluation of logging interpretations becomes a complex undertaking. This paper aims to comprehensively assess gas saturation in deep clastic reservoirs from both electrical and mechanical perspectives. To achieve this goal, we employ a multifaceted approach encompassing the Archie formula, the stress-corrected variable cementation index saturation model, and the resistivity-corrected saturation model. Through rigorous theoretical analysis and the utilization of simulated experimental data, a quantitative relationship equation between resistivity and stress difference has been established. Building upon this fundamental groundwork, an innovative resistivity-corrected saturation calculation model has been proposed. In comparison to the two alternative models, the new model exhibits enhanced accuracy in calculating gas saturation, as it is less influenced by extrusion stress and gravitational compaction. Furthermore, it demonstrates better consistency with core mercury injection capillary pressure data in determining gas saturation. The findings of this research provide valuable insights for the effective evaluation of deep clastic reservoirs, offering a robust framework for advancing the understanding of gas saturation in the face of complex geological and geophysical challenges.
Lemierre’s Syndrome Secondary to Shoulder Hematoma Complicated by COVID-19: A Case Report
Authors: Rajmohan Shivanchan , Gao Chuanyu , Chacon Garcia Marta , Miglior Isabel , Pitkin Lisa
Published: December 2023

This case report illustrates a unique presentation of Lemierre’s syndrome precipitated by Fusobacterium necrophorum. This case report describes a 20-year-old patient who developed Lemierre’s syndrome secondary to a shoulder hematoma and neck abscess with multiple systemic complications in the absence of tonsillitis or oropharyngeal infection. Two weeks prior to presentation, the patient sustained a right shoulder injury and contracted COVID-19. Due to his Lemierre’s syndrome, he developed right internal jugular vein and subclavian vein thrombosis, septic lung emboli, right sided Horner’s syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, pelvic collection, septic arthritis of pubic symphysis and osteomyelitis of the right pubic bone, and proximal left femoral shaft. The patient received non-operative and operative management to manage his Lemierre’s syndrome including surgical drainage, antibiotics, and anticoagulation; he was discharged following an extended hospital stay. This case report highlights a rare presentation of Lemierre’s syndrome secondary to a shoulder hematoma in a COVID-19 positive patient, and its potential systemic and life-threatening complications. Its importance is highly relevant in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Further studies are warranted to explore the effect of preceding COVID-19 infections on the microbiological profile in Lemierre’s syndrome.
Private Loan Disclosure Covenants and Public Management Guidance
Authors: Krupa Nicholas , Lee Ruby , Tucker Jennifer Wu
Published: December 2023

Prior research provides little evidence about whether the information demands of private lenders affect the information environment of borrowers’ public shareholders. Using a covenant in loan contracts, lenders can require borrowers to periodically provide projected financial statements. We examine borrowers’ voluntary disclosure of prospective financial information (“management guidance”) to the public after being subject to the disclosure covenant. We find that the disclosure covenant is associated with more frequent management guidance. This relation is attributable to borrowers increasing nontraditional earnings guidance and non-earnings financial guidance. In falsification tests, we find that a covenant requiring borrowers to provide monthly historical financial information is not associated with management guidance and that the prospective financial information disclosure covenant is not associated with voluntary disclosure of nonfinancial information. Our results suggest that a firm’s contractual obligation to provide projected financial information to private lenders increases the quantity and breadth of its voluntary guidance to public shareholders.
Identifying the Risk Factors of Suicidal Ideation in Patients With Hematologic Malignancies Using a Multidimensional Approach
Authors: Kim Junglyun , Gang Moonhee
Published: December 2023

Background:

Patients with hematologic malignancies have a 3.5-fold higher rate of suicide completion than the noncancer population, and the Hodgkin lymphoma has the highest suicide rate among all cancers. Although the risk factors for suicidal ideation among the cancer population are well-known, the specific risk factors contributing to the high suicide rate among patients with hematologic malignancies are elusive.

Objective:

This study aimed to identify the risk factors for suicidal ideation among patients with hematologic malignancies using a multidimensional approach.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional, observational study. A total of 163 patients were recruited from the oncology department of a university hospital. We collected data on psychological and physical symptoms, social support, and suicidal ideation using the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale-Short Form, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and the Suicidal Ideation Scale. Multiple regression analysis was performed using SPSS (version 26.0) to analyze the clinical data.

Results:

Among the 163 participants, 96 (58.9%) were male, 57 (35%) were diagnosed with acute leukemia, and 97 (59.5%) received chemotherapy. The mean age was 55.26 ± 15.75. Physical symptoms, psychological symptoms, and willingness to use mental health services accounted for 39.5% of suicidal ideation cases.

Conclusions:

Assessment of psychological conditions at the beginning of diagnosis, provision of appropriate interventions throughout treatment, and follow-up care to relieve psychological symptoms should be initiated in patients with hematologic malignancies to prevent suicide.