bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci onto Chromosome-scale Pseudomolecules in Flax
Authors: You Frank M. , Cloutier Sylvie
Published: January 2019

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) are genomic regions associated with phenotype variation of quantitative traits in a population. To date, a total of 267 QTL for 29 quantitative traits have been reported in 13 studies on flax. Of these, 200 QTL from 12 studies were identified based on genetic maps, scaffold sequences, or pre-released chromosome-scale pseudomolecules. Molecular markers for QTL identification differed across studies but were mainly based on simple sequence repeat (SSR) or single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. This article provides methods with software tools and database files to uniquely map SSR and SNP markers from different references onto the recently released chromosome-scale pseudomolecules. Using these methods, 195 QTL were successfully sorted onto the 15 flax chromosomes and grouped into 133 co-located QTL clusters. Mapping of QTL from different studies to the same reference enables comparisons and facilitates genome-wide QTL analysis, candidate gene scanning, and breeding applications.
Image Generation from STL Models and its Potential Role in Layer-Quality Evaluation for the Electron Beam Melting Process
Authors: Wong Hay , Fox Peter , Neary Derek , Jones Eric
Published: January 2019

Electron Beam Melting (EBM) is an increasingly used Additive Manufacturing (AM) technique employed by many industrial sectors, including the medical device and aerospace industries. In EBM process monitoring, data analysis for processed layer quality evaluation is currently focused on the extraction of information from the raw data collected in-EBM process, i.e. thermal/ optical / electronic images, and the comparison between the collected data and the Computed Tomography (CT)/ microscopy images generated post-EBM process. This article postulates that a stack of bitmaps could be generated from the 3D model at a range of Z heights during file preparation of the EBM process, and serve as a reference image set. In-EBM process comparison between that and the workpiece images collected during the EBM process could then be used for quality assessment purposes. In addition, despite the extensive literature on 3D model slicing and contour generation for AM process preparation, no methods regarding image generation from cross sections of the 3D models have been disseminated in details. This article aims to address this by presenting a piece of 3D model-image generation software. The software is capable of generating binary 3D model reference images with user-defined Region-of-Interest (ROI) of the processing area, and Z heights of the model. It is envisaged that this 3D model-reference image generation ability opens up new opportunities in quality assessment for the in-process monitoring of the EBM process.
Unraveling Morphophysiological and Biochemical Responses of Triticum aestivum L. to Extreme pH: Coordinated Actions of Antioxidant Defense and Glyoxalase Systems
Authors: Bhuyan MHM Borhannuddin , Hasanuzzaman Mirza , Mahmud Jubater Al , Hossain Md. Shahadat , Bhuiyan Tasnim Farha , Fujita Masayuki
Published: January 2019

Soil pH, either low (acidity) or high (alkalinity) is one of the major constraints that affect many biochemical and biological processes within the cell. The present study was carried out to understand the oxidative damage and antioxidant defense in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. BARI Gom-25) grown under different pH regimes. Eight-day-old seedlings were exposed to growing media with different pH levels (4.0, 5.5, 7.0 and 8.5). Seedlings grown in pH 4.0 and in pH 8.5 showed reductions in biomass, water, and chlorophyll contents; whereas plants grown at pH 7.0 (neutral) exhibited better performance. Extremely acidic (pH 4.0) and/or strongly alkaline (pH 8.5)-stress also increased oxidative damages in wheat by excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and methylglyoxal (MG) production, which increased lipid peroxidation and disrupted the redox state. In contrary, the lowest oxidative damage was observed at neutral condition followed by strong acidic condition (pH 5.5), which was attributed mainly due to better performance of the antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems. Interestingly, seedlings grown at pH 5.5 showed a significant increase in morphophysiological attributes compared with extreme acidic (pH 4.0)- and strong alkaline (pH 8.5)-stress treatments, which indicates the tolerance of wheat to the acidic condition.
Anomalies of the Portal Venous System in Dogs and Cats as Seen on Multidetector-Row CT: An Overview and Systematization Proposal
Authors: Bertolini Giovanna
Published: January 2019

This article offers an overview of congenital and acquired vascular anomalies involving the portal venous system in dogs and cats, as determined by multidetector-row computed tomography angiography. Congenital absence of the portal vein, portal vein hypoplasia, portal vein thrombosis and portal collaterals are described. Portal collaterals are further discussed as high- and low-flow connections, and categorized in hepatic arterioportal malformation, arteriovenous fistula, end-to-side and side-to-side congenital portosystemic shunts, acquired portosystemic shunts, cavoportal and porto-portal collaterals. Knowledge of different portal system anomalies helps understand the underlying physiopathological mechanism and is essential for surgical and interventional approaches.
QUALIDADE DA CARNE E RESPOSTAS DE ESTRESSE EM Piaractus mesopotamicus APÓS EXPOSIÇÃO í­â‚¬ NÍVEIS SUBLETAIS DE AMÔNIA E SUBSEQUENTE RECUPERAÇÃO
Authors: Nitz Lilian Fiori , Maltez Lucas Campos , Pellegrin Lucas , De Oliveira Garcia Luciano , Luz Barbas Luis André , Prentice-Hernández Carlos
Published: January 2019

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da exposição a ní­­veis subletais de amônia nos parí­¢metros sanguí­­neos e qualidade da carne de juvenis de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). Além disso, também foi realizada a avaliação desses parí­¢metros pós-recuperação em água livre de amônia. Os peixes (27,1 Â± 5,4 g) foram expostos a 0,0 (controle); 0,5 e 1,0 mg N-NH3 L-1 por 10 dias seguidos pelo mesmo tempo de recuperação em água livre de amônia. Ao final dos 10 dias de exposição e após o perí­­odo de recuperação foram coletadas amostras de sangue para determinação dos ní­­veis de glicose, lactato e dos valores de hematócrito. Para avaliação dos ní­­veis de peroxidação lipí­­dica, da composição proximal e realização da análise sensorial, amostras de músculo/filé também foram coletadas. A exposição í­Â  amônia ocasionou alterações nos parí­¢metros sanguí­­neos e afetou negativamente a análise sensorial dos filés de pacu. Entretanto, a composição proximal e o grau de peroxidação lipí­­dica não foram alterados. Concluindo, a exposição a ní­­veis subletais de amônia induziu respostas secundárias de estresse em juvenis de pacu e alterou caracterí­­sticas organolépticas do filé. Um perí­­odo de recuperação de 10 dias foi suficiente para restaurar a homeostase e a qualidade do filé.
SUPPLEMENTATION OF L-CARNITINE IN DIETS FOR SILVER CATFISH AND ITS EFFECTS ON REPRODUCTIVE ASPECTS
Authors: Lins Rodrigues Mariana , Zanerato Damasceno Danielle , Souza dos Santos Sanchez Milena , Ernzen Pessini Jhonis , Bittencourt Fábio , Signor Altevir
Published: January 2019

The objective of the present study was to assess the reproductive performance of silver catfish Rhamdia quelen fed with diets supplemented with growing levels of L-carnitine. 288 juveniles with average initial weight of 94.36 Â± 3.76g, fed during 126 days with diets containing 400, 800, 1200, 1600 and 2000 mg. kg-1 of L-carnitine and one control diet. Females fed with diets supplemented with 400 mg. kg-1 of L-carnitine presented increase in fertilization and fertility, reduction in levels of triglycerides and plasma calcium when fed with diets supplemented with 1600 mg. kg-1 of L-carnitine. Males fed with diets supplemented with 1600 mg. kg-1 of L-carnitine presented increase in spermatozoa and improvement in semen quality. Structural changes were observed in the development of germ cells in females and males, even though all fish were in final stages of maturation in all treatments.  The offspring from breeding animals fed with 400 mg. kg-1 of L-carnitine presented better potentials of development during the embryonic process. Therefore, the L-carnitine supplementation in diets stimulates the gonad development of breeding animals and also speeds up the initial development of silver catfish offspring.
ICHTHYOFAUNA BYCATCH OF THE ARTISANAL FISHERY OF PENAEID SHRIMPS IN PERNAMBUCO, NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL
Authors: Beserra da Silva-Júnior Carlos Antonio , Souza Lira Alex , Nolé Eduardo Leandro , Pontes Viana Andrea , Lucena-Frédou Flávia , Frédou Thierry
Published: January 2019

The shrimp trawl fisheries are highly efficient in capturing target species but is an unselective gear that commonly catches untargeted organisms, which are usually discarded due to their small size or no commercial value. To understand and, eventually, mitigate the impacts of trawling on bycatch species, the whole capture should be addressed. The present study has the objective of determining the seasonal importance of the fish bycatch within shrimp trawling fishery in south Pernambuco, Sirinhaém. It also quantifies the importance of each fish caught within this fishery. Samples were collected monthly, between August 2011 and July 2012. Fish bycatch was described as % in number (%N) and weight (%W), while the seasonal abundance of the shrimp and fish bycatch was assessed based on the monthly catch rate given as the Capture Per Unit of Area (CPUA) in weight (CPUAb) and in number of individuals (CPUAn). Considering the fish bycatch, a total of 608 kg of organisms were sampled: 9,723 fish specimens from 17 families, 38 genera and 51 species. The largest CPUAb value of bycatch was observed in the months of June (488 kg.km-2), February (285 kg.km-2) and April (276 kg.km-2). The proportion target species: bycatch in weight was of 1:0.39. A clear annual cyclic pattern of the species composition of the bycatch based both CPUAn and CPUEb could be observed, following the rainfall patterns, possibly related to a higher productivity associated to river runoffs. Impacts on bycatch have been extensively reported in Brazil and around the world, with most of this bycatch being a relevant additional food source for the local community. However, basic information on bycatch from small-scale fisheries is still missing in many areas, making it difficult to identify and evaluate the management recommendations needed to sustain the resources and ecosystems.
Penerapan Bahasa Inggris Terintegrasi Dengan Pembelajaran Di TPQ Al-Mataab Desa Tembokrejo â€“ Muncar â€“ Banyuwangi
Authors: Laili Roudlotun Nurul , Nashir Muhammad
Published: January 2019

As one of world languages, English is broadly used in many aspects such as science, business, technology, and education. Thus English is highly necessary to be introduced as soon as possible to the students in order to compete in the globalization era. The purpose of this community service activity is to integrate the English material in the curriculum of TPQ (Al-Qurâ€™an Learning Center), so the students can know earlier about English as a global language. This activity was conducted at TPQ Al-Mataab - Tembokrejo â€“ Muncar â€“ Banyuwangi in which the classes were divided into two, they are class A (students aged 7-10) and class B (students aged 11-14). The methods used were drilling, flashcard, and songs in training and giving Basic English materials to the students. Some steps in performing this activity were preparation, conducting pre test to find out the initial of studentsâ€™ English ability, training and teaching, and giving post test to know the progress of the activity. The mean score result of class A showed the enhancement from 43.89 in pre test to 62.41 in post test. While in class B the pre test result was 61.4 and in post test increase into 71.6. It indicated that students are eager and excited in learning English and it is feasible and potential to be integrated in TPQ curriculum.
PERBAIKAN MESIN PENGOLAHAN PAKAN DI SENTRA PETERNAKAN RAKYAT (SPR) CINAGARABOGO
Authors: Efendi Adhan
Published: January 2019

ABSTRAK

Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat berupa perbaikan mesin pengolahan pakan ternak (disc mill) dilaksanakan di kandang pakan Ternak Sentra Peternakan Rakyat (SPR) Desa Padamulya, Kecamatan Cipunagara, Kabupaten Subang, Provinsi Jawa Barat. Tanggal 12 Juli â€“ 30 September 2018.

Hasil Pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah mesin pengolahan pakan milik SPR Cinagarabogo dapat kembali bekerja secara optimal dan dalam kondisi baik. Program pengabdian Masyarakat ini sebagai bentuk pelaksanaan Tri Darma Perguruan Tinggi bagi POLSUB dan menyambung tali silaturami Antara Perguruan Tinggi dengan Masyarakat.

Kata Kunci : Perbaikan, Pengolahan Pakan, SPR
Development of Hypotonic Electrolyte Rehydration Drinks from Paneer and Cheese Whey
Authors: Pushpa B. P. , Kempanna C.
Published: January 2019

In the present study, development of electrolyte drinks from paneer and cheese whey was carried out by enzymatic hydrolysis of lactose to simple sugars and formulating the sugar to salt ratio to meet the World Health Organization (WHO) requirements (245 mOsmol/L) for Oral Rehydration Salt (ORS). Lactose hydrolyzed whey was diluted (1: 2.3 v/v) using potable quality demineralised water to achieve reduction in osmolarity of 75 mOsmol/L. The salt concentration was adjusted by adding 3.25 g sodium chloride and 0.8 g potassium chloride for paneer whey (per L) and 2.5 g sodium chloride, 0.9 g of potassium chloride and 1.5 g of trisodium citrate for cheese whey (per L) to meet Na, K and citrate levels in the resultant whey drink as per WHO requirement. Other additives used in developing hypotonic electrolyte whey drink from lactose hydrolyzed whey systems were sucralose (sweetener), citric acid (acidulant), orange flavour and orange colour. The formulated hypotonic electrolyte whey based drink had significantly higher sensory scores when compared to the scores of two commercial orange flavour ORS drinks. Cheese whey based electrolyte drink was superior over paneer whey based electrolyte drink in sensory characteristics; former drink had better consistency and mouth feel.
Sex Related Cardiovascular Diseases Risk in Saint- Louis Populations, Northern Region of Senegal
Authors: NDONG Moussa , Mbodji Khaly , Bassama Joseph , SECK Sidy Mouhamed
Published: January 2019

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent a challenging health issue in the 21st century. Data from sub-Saharan African populations are insufficient. The objective of this study was to compare prevalence of risk factors of CVD between men and women. The study was a community-based survey for a sample of 1056 persons. Mean age of participants was 47.97±16.90 years with 46.40±19.10 years for men and 48.92±15.33 years for women. Based on anthropometric parameters women constitute more vulnerable to cardiovascular diseases. Women also presented higher body cholesterol and the highest prevalence of diabetes compared to men. In conclusion, the study showed a sex-difference risk of CVD among Senegalese populations and women were shown more likely to present higher risk of CVD.
Development of Ready to Cook (RTC) Edible Coated Foxtail Millet Pulao Mix
Authors: Wahlang Baphiralang , Joshi Neena , Vijayalaxmi K. G.
Published: January 2019

Foxtail millet (Setaria italica) consumption remains restricted only to certain parts of the population due to lack of information on its potential role in value addition and also in the prevention of type 2 diabetes and others. The unavailability of ready-to-cook food products from foxtail millet also constricts its usage. Foxtail millet is traditionally dehusked before consumption. Dehusking is essential because the outer layer is fibrous, tough and causes irritation while swallowing. However in the present study, to compensate the losses of phytochemicals present in the outer husk, edible coatings (gum acacia, fenugreek seeds, curry leaf and aloe vera) were applied on the dehusked grain. Further, a Ready-to-Cook (RTC) pulao mix was standardized using edible coated foxtail millet, dehydrated vegetables, herbs and spices. Controls used were rice and uncoated foxtail millet. Products were evaluated organoleptically by semi-trained panellists. The highest overall acceptability was for the control rice pulao mix (7.8) followed by curry leaf coated mix (7.3), uncoated mix (7.1), fenugreek seeds coated mix (7.0), gum acacia coated mix (6.9) and then aloe vera coated mix (6.8). The shelf life of pulao mix was also studied. Samples were packed in High Density Poly Ethylene (HDPE) pouches and stored at ambient conditions for three months. No microbial load was found in all the fresh samples. In both the controls- rice and uncoated millet, yeast was found at the 90th day of storage whereas no yeast was found in the coated samples
Effects of Food on Mood among the Inhabitants of the Indian Ocean Islands of Mauritius and Rodrigues
Authors: Speville Marie Anna , Toorabally Zaynab , Subratty Anwar Hussein
Published: January 2019

The paper aims to present results from a research work carried out among inhabitants of two islands of the Indian Ocean, namely Mauritius and Rodrigues to assess the possible effects of foods on mood. An online-based questionnaire survey was carried out among a random sample of 384 participants, including male and female, aged between 18-54 years old from Mauritius and Rodrigues. The questionnaire consisted of 15 questions; sections included demography, general knowledge of the participants on the different types of foods and their possible effects on moods and actual mood upon consumption. Data analysis showed that happiness correlated positively with food known to be rich in protein as well as fats and oils. It was also found that consumption of snacks and sweets among the Rodriguan male participants led to a mood of being angry, (p=0.024). Based on our findings, it was evident that effects on mood were influenced by gender as well as demographic factors. Given some slight cultural differences among the inhabitants of the islands, further research is warranted to assess the relative importance of food on moods especially to the dietary behaviours. No data is readily available on the effects of food on mood among inhabitants of the Republic of Mauritius, the study lends support for the need of a comparative study to understand the theoretical understanding between the two islands with different cultural aspects especially to nutrition. This paper would prove useful for the dietary behaviors as well as health and quality of life improvement in Mauritius and Rodrigues.
Naturaleza y Derecho en “El Libro de la Selva” de Rudyard Kipling
Authors: Bailo Gonzalo Luciano
Published: January 2019

Neste artigo são analisadas as noções de natureza e de direito que gravitam em O livro da selva de Rudyard Kipling. Em função de distintas opiniões e eventos históricos, é explorada a desestabilização da fronteira que separava o natural e o social na Índia colonial.  É trabalhado também o conteúdo e o alcance da Rule of Law dos centros imperiais em relação aos sujeitos “não-humanos” que habitavam os territórios coloniais. Observa-se que, em O livro da selva, a linha que separa o social e o natural é uma fronteira em constante movimento. Conclui-se que a desestabilização dos espaços e das subjetividades convida à reflexão sobre o alojamento dos estranhos, dos seres não-humanos e desumanizados que habitam nossas comunidades.
Interdisciplinaridade na formação da sensibilidade humanística do jurista e a estereotipação do positivismo e do jusnaturalismo na obra “Os miseráveis”
Authors: Santos France Ferrari Camargo , Treméa Elizângela
Published: January 2019

Considerando os promissores resultados do Direito na Literatura, suas interfaces e conexões, este trabalho busca defender o diálogo interdisciplinar como prática pedagógica na formação da sensibilidade humanística do jurista, tendo como princípio norteador a hermenêutica jurídica e literária. Por meio do método dedutivo, utilizado em pesquisa qualitativa, esta pesquisa engloba a importância da interdisciplinaridade na formação da sensibilidade humanística do jurista, a contribuição da arte literária para o ensino do direito, bem como a análise de dois dos personagens centrais da obra Os miseráveis, de Vitor Hugo, correlacionando-os como estereótipos das concepções positivista e jusnaturalista em relação à lei e a algumas atitudes humanas. Questiona o papel da literatura no ensino jurídico e na constituição do sujeito que ocorre, impreterivelmente, da diversidade, historicidade e sociabilidade. Assumir a postura interdisciplinar do Direito com a Literatura possibilita o rompimento de barreiras que ainda permanecem rígidas, especialmente na tarefa de se repensar o direito e a formação do jurista para além do positivismo jurídico. Portanto, a correlação dessas duas disciplinas, principalmente por se considerar a função emotiva e formadora da Literatura, é uma proposta de estudo interdisciplinar em prol de uma formação jurídica também voltada à formação da sensibilidade humanística do jurista.
Acerca del concepto de "posverdad"
Authors: Cárcova Carlos María
Published: January 2019

O autor sustenta que jornalistas e políticos referem-se ao conceito de pós-verdade de forma equivocada. A fonte desse equívoco é maliciosamente intencional em alguns escritores ilustrados de nossa época; e o equívoco, produzido por vozes oficiosas ou oficiais do neoliberalismo no poder. Ademais, tal erro também se deve à ingênua premissa apresentada, há séculos, como sentido comum pelo positivismo, de que há somente uma verdade e de que ela responde a derivações lógicas. Explica-se, no texto, que a única fonte da verdade em uma sociedade moderna e democrática é a ciência, que ainda tem muito a elucidar sobre a verdade, sobretudo a partir do giro linguístico e do paulatino, mas forte, desenvolvimento da interpretação como método para a verdade, com o valiosíssimo aporte de fontes semióticas, no sentido do 2.o Wittgenstein, Saussure, Peirce, Bakhtin, Eco, Barthes e muitos outros.
Metáforas sobre o tempo e estilização da escrita acadêmica em direito: tempo de criação ou de produção? um diálogo com a literatura
Authors: Bedê Fayga Silveira , Sousa Raphaella Prado Aragão de
Published: January 2019

Por meio de metalinguagem, propomos uma articulação entre a literatura e a escrita acadêmica no âmbito da pesquisa jurídica. Partimos da hipótese de que a literatura pode nos ensinar a constituir uma escrita mais autoral, por meio da mobilização de múltiplas funções da linguagem, garantindo efeitos de estilo que realçam os aspectos narrativos e argumentativos da pesquisa em Direito. Entendemos que a artesania das palavras, apreendida na escrita literária, pode emprestar aos escritos jurídicos um senso de posteridade, reafirmando-os contra as ruínas do esquecimento. Por fim, nós recorremos à marcha lenta da criação literária para questionar a azáfama dos pesquisadores em Direito, premidos pela velocidade da era digital e pelas demandas do produtivismo. Em resposta aos excessos da produção, propomos uma estética da criação.
The efficacy of intravitreal conbercept for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy: a retrospective clinical study
Authors: Mao Jianbo , Zhang Caiyun , Liu Chenyi , Shen Lijun , Lao Jimeng , Shao Yirun , Chen Yiqi , Tao Jiwei
Published: January 2019

Background: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of conbercept for patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).
Methods: A retrospective clinical study. This study included twenty-seven patients (32 eyes) who were diagnosed with chronic CSC in our hospital from November 2015 to March 2018. All the patients received intravitreal conbercept with one intravitreal injection and pro re nata (PRN). Follow-up observations occurred at 1 week and 1, 2, 3, and 6 months after initial injection. Observed indicators included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT) and presence of subretinal fluid (SRF).
Results: During the 6-month follow-up, the mean number of injections required and performed was 1.50±0.67. The BCVA at the first visit, 1-week, 1-, 2-, 3- and 6-month follow-ups after the first injection was 0.44±0.26, 0.39±0.29, 0.38±0.29, 0.33±0.29, 0.31±0.30, and 0.31±0.29, respectively. The difference between the BCVA at each follow-up and the first visit was statistically significant (F=9.717, P<0.05). CMT at the first visit, 1-week, 1-, 2-, 3- and 6- month after first injection was 323.25±158.49μm, 263.78±122.52μm, 222.34±92.46μm, 195.63±69.18μm, 189.25±68.71μm, and 200.47±86.30μm, respectively. The difference between the CMT at each follow-up and the first visit was also statistically significant (F=17.072, P<0.05). Full resolution of fluid was achieved in 7 (21.9%) eyes at 1 month, 14 (43.8%) eyes at 2 months, 19 (59.4%) eyes at 3 months and 23 (71.9%) eyes at 6 months after the initial treatment of anti-VEGF injection. No severe adverse event was noted relevant to the therapy.
Conclusion: Intravitreal injection of conbercept can effectively reduce the CMT and improve the BCVA in chronic CSC in a short term of 6 months.
Keywords: Chronic central serous chorioretinopathy, Conbercept, Best-corrected visual acuity, Central macular thickness.
“O SOLDADO É ALGO QUE SE FABRICA”: Notas etnográficas sobre um curso de formação policial militar
Authors: França Fábio Gomes de
Published: January 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é descrever parte dos dados etnográficos obtidos durante uma pesquisa realizada no ano de 2011, no Centro de Formação da Polícia Militar do Estado da Paraíba. Por meio da observação direta e participante e da aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas com alunos policiais, acompanhei o cotidiano da formação profissional no Curso de Formação de Oficiais (CFO), o qual se trata de um Bacharelado em Segurança Pública, que ocorre durante um período de três anos. Ao final, as observações e entrevistas realizadas me fizeram melhor compreender como funciona o processo de socialização dos futuros policiais militares, os quais, enquanto alunos, vivenciam um regime pedagógico-profissionalizante baseado no disciplinamento corporal, psíquico e moral que pode ser visto como uma “fábrica” de novas identidades sociais caracterizadas pela obediência, resignação às regras da caserna e uniformidade de comportamentos.Palavras-chave: Formação PM. Etnografia. Disciplinamento. Controle. Militarismo.
O Ensino de Sociologia em Santa Fé (Argentina): algumas pistas comparativas com o caso brasileiro
Authors: Oliveira Amurabi
Published: January 2019

O ensino de sociologia tem sido um tema cada vez mais pesquisado nas ciências sociais brasileiras, porém, ainda são raros os estudos que trazem elementos comparativos com outras realidades nacionais. Visando contribuir para esse debate, este artigo traz alguns dados acerca do ensino de sociologia na província de Santa Fé (Argentina), situando como que o ensino de sociologia ocorre nesse contexto a partir de fontes documentais e trabalho de campo. A pesquisa foi realizada em escolas que possuíam a orientação “ciências sociais e humanidades” no ensino médio, apontando para o predomínio de professores com formação em áreas correlatas da sociologia, e o reconhecimento destes profissionais na relevância da sociologia no ensino médio. Palavras-chave: Ensino de sociologia. Ensino médio. Sociologia argentina.
The Therapeutic Potential of Novel Kappa Opioid Receptor-based Treatments
Authors: Mercadante Sebastiano , Romualdi Patrizia
Published: January 2019

Introduction:

Similarly to the μ opioid receptor, kappa opioid receptor (KOR), is
present either in the central nervous system or in peripheral tissues. In the last years, several
molecules, able to interact with KOR, have been the focus of basic research for their therapeutic
potential in the field of chronic pain, as well as in depression, autoimmune disorders and
neurological diseases.

Discussion:

The role of KOR system and the consequent clinical effects derived by its activation
or inhibition are discussed. Their potential therapeutic utilization in conditions of stress
and drug relapse, besides chronic pain, is presented here, including the possible use of KORagonists
in drug addiction. Moreover, the potential role of KOR-antagonists, KOR agonistantagonists
and peripheral KOR agonists is proposed.

Conclusion:

Other than pain, KORs have a role in regulating reward and mood. Due to its
location, KORs seem to mediate interactions between psychiatric disorders, addiction and depression.
Experimental studies in animal models have identified brain mechanisms that may
contribute to clarify specific pathophysiological processes.
Age-related Macular Degeneration: Current Knowledge of Zinc Metalloproteinases Involvement
Authors: Liva Francesca , Cuffaro Doretta , Nuti Elisa , Nencetti Susanna , Orlandini Elisabetta , Vozzi Giovanni , Rossello Armando
Published: January 2019

Background:

Advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the elderly with limited therapeutic options. The disease is characterized by photoreceptor loss in the macula and reduced Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) function, associated with matrix degradation, cell proliferation, neovascularization and inflammation. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTSs) play a critical role in the physiology of extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover and, in turn, in ECM pathologies, such as AMD. A balance between the activities of MMPs and Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinase (TIMPs) is crucial for the integrity of the ECM components; indeed, a dysregulation in the ratio of these factors produces profound changes in the ECM, including thickening and deposit formation, which eventually might lead to AMD development.

Objective:

This article reviews the relevance and impact of zinc metalloproteinases on the development of AMD and their roles as biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets. We illustrate some studies on several inhibitors of MMPs currently used to dissect physiological properties of MMPs. Moreover, all molecules or technologies used to control MMP and ADAM activity in AMD are analyzed.

Conclusion:

This study underlines the changes in the activity of MMPs expressed by RPE cells, highlights the functions of already used MMP inhibitors and consequently suggests their application as therapeutic agents for the treatment of AMD.
Flavonoid-Enriched Extract from Desert Plant Warionia saharae Improves Glucose and Cholesterol Levels in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Ajebli Mohammed , Eddouks Mohamed
Published: January 2019

Background and Objective:

Warionia saharae Benth and Coss, is a medicinal plant used
for its anti-diabetic properties in Morocco. This study was designed to examine the effect of the Flavonoid-
Enriched Extract (FEE) obtained from Warionia saharae (W. saharae) on glucose and lipid
metabolism in normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Methods:

Acute (6 h) and sub-chronic (15 days) oral administration of FEE (10 mg/kg) was used to
assess the glucose and lipid-lowering activity in normal and diabetic rats. Furthermore, glucose test
tolerance, liver histopathological examination and in vitro antioxidant activity of FEE were carried
out in this study.

Results:

Results indicated that FEE was able to exert antihyperglycemic activity. Additionally, FEE
improved histopathological status of liver and pancreas in diabetic rats and possessed antioxidant activity.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the present investigation revealed that FEE had potent antidiabetic effect
in diabetic rats.
Konflik dalam Organisasi (Merugikan Sekaligus Menguntungkan)
Authors: Sunarta Sunarta
Published: January 2019

Konflik merupakan realita hidup, mau tidak mau, suka ataundak suka, cepat atau lambat pada suatu saat dalam menjalani kehidupannya setiap orang pasti akan menghadapi. Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, konflik dapat timbul kapan saja dan dimana saja. Konflik juga bisa dialami oleh siapa saja tidak pandang bulu, orang tua, remaja, anak-anak, pria, wanita, orang terpelajar, orang awam, orang mtskin, jutawan atau siapapun yang hidup di tengah pergaulan umum pasti akan menghadapi dan mengalami konflik.Ada beberapa jenis konflik yang umum dan sering muncul dalam suatu organisasi/perusahaan antara lain: (1) konflik peranan yang terjadi di dalam diri seseorang (person-role conflict), (2) konflik antar peranan (inter­role conflict), (3) konflik yang timbul karena seseorang harus memenuhi harapan beberapa orang (intersender conflict), (4) konflik yang timbul karena disampaikannya informasi yang saling bertentangan (intrasender conflict). Berdasarkan sumbemya, konflik dalam organisasi muncul karena beberapa sebab seperti: (1) konflik individu, (2) konflik antar individu, (3) konflik kelompok, (4) konflik antar kelompok, (5) konflik organisasi, dan (6) konflik kelompok dengan organisasi.Konflik dapat bersifat negatif (merugikan) tetapi sekaligus dapat pula bersifat positif (menguntungkan), tergantung bagaimana mengelolanya. Akibat positif konflik organisasi antara lain: (1) organisasi menjadi lebih dinamis, (2) sebagai pengalaman berharga, (3) pimpinan lebih berhati-hati dalam mengambil keputusan, (4) melahirkan pribadi yang kreatif, kritis, dan inovatif, (5) menumbuhkan sikap toleransi. Secara negatif konflik dapat mengakibatkan: (1) komunikasi organisasi terhambat, (2) kerjasama organisasi menjadi terhalang, (3) aktivitas produksi dan distribusi terganggu, (4) memunculkan saling curiga, salah paham, dan intrik, (5) individu yang berkonflik merasakan cemas, stres, apatis, dan frsutasi, (6) stres yang berkepanjangan menyebabkan orang yang sedang berkonflik akan menarik din dari pergaulan dan mangkir dari pekerjaan.Kata kunci: konflik, organisasi, akibat positif dan negaif
Peran Strategi Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia dalam Mencapai Keunggulan Bersaing pada Era Kompetisi Global
Authors: Utama Agung
Published: January 2019

Global competition indicated by the emerging of much competitors operate in the world market and the emerging of the competitors in other countries caused business environment becomes dynamic and tightly competition. Pursuing competitive advantage becomes the key factor on winning the competition on such environment through managing the activities of human resources based on strategic perspective. Based on this perspective, the strategy of human resource must relevance with the business strategy. Typology of human resource management strategy is an alternative approach for formulation that strategy. Identifing the needed role behavior of competitive strategy becoming the important factor on effectiveness of competitive strategy implementation. Key words: Global Competition, Typology of Strategy Of HRM, Competitive Strategy
Mereformasi DP3 sebagai Instrumen Penilaian Kinerja Pegawai Negera Sipil
Authors: Sumarto Rumsari Hadi
Published: January 2019

Mendasarkan pada kajian teoritis maupun implementasi penilaian, baik berkenaan dengan rumusan maupun proses penilaian, DP3 sebagai instrumen penilaian kinerja PNS, masih perlu ditinjau kembali. Beberapa hal yang perlu diperhatikan dalam rancangan dan implementasi DP3 ke depan guna mereformasi birokrasi Indonesia melalui kinerja PNS adalah: (1) penilaian kinerja harus dilakukan dalam kerangka manajemen kinerja yang terintegrasi dengan perencanaan dan pengembangan sumber daya manusia, (2) perlu dilakukan penyaringan terhadap unsur-unsur dan item-item yang ada dalam DP3, (3) penilaian kinerja harus didasarkan pada visi dan misi organisasi dan analisa pekerjaan yang mendalam, (4) DP3 harus memenuhi aspek fleksibilitas, dan (5) dalam penilaian kinerja perlu melibatkan bagian/unit lainnya dalam sebuah instansi sebagai pemberi masukan, guna mendukung objektifitas dan efektivitas penilaian kinerja. Kata kunci: penilaian kinerja, DP3
Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia (MSDM) Berbasis Kompetensi sebagai Strategi Membangun Organisasi Kompetitif
Authors: Artini Yenny Dwi
Published: January 2019

Pergeseran dan perubahan regional, nasional maupun. global yang berlangsung sangat cepat harus direspons oleh organisasi/perusahaan dengan melakukan perubahan-perubahan strategis. Dalam pergeseran dan perubahan tersebut, peran manusia menjadi semakin strategis karena merupakan satu-satunya sumber daya yang paling aktif dan adaptif. Peran manajemen sumber daya manusia tersebut ditingkatkan agar organisasi menjadi lebih kompetitif dan mampu merespons tantangan-tantangan ekstenaldemi eksistensi serta keberlangsungannya.Peningkatan peran strategis manajemen sumber daya manusia tersebut diwujudkan melalui kebijakan rekrutmen, penempatan, penggajian/pemberian kompensasi dan pengembangan karier yang didasarkan pada kompetensi. Penting bagi organisasi untuk melakukan analisis jabatan untuk menetapkan standar kompetensi yang dibutuhkan setiap jabatan pada semua level. Standar kompetensi tersebut kemudian digunakan untuk mengambil keputusan dalam memilih/menolak, menetapkan/memberhentikan seseorang dalam jabatan atau memberikan penghargaan/hukuman kepada pegawai. Dengan melaksanakan manajemen sumber daya manusia berbasis kompetensi bagi organisasi/perusahaan akan selalu tersedia sumber daya manusia yang handal dalam menghadapi perubahan dan pergeseran era globalisasi.Kata Kuncl: Globalisasi, Kompetensi, Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia
Upaya Peningkatan Kualitas Pelayanan dalam Organisasi
Authors: Rosidah Rosidah
Published: January 2019

Seiring dengan pengembangan teknologi dan informasi, persoalan organisasi semakin bertambah banyak baik dari segi kuantitas maupun tuntutan kualitas para pengguna jasa. Macam kualitas sebagaimana tuntutan masyarakat atau pengguna jasa kantor sernakin kompleks. Apalagi dengan berlakunya Undang-Undang Pelayanan Publik No. 25 tahun 2009 memberikan sinyal akan perlunya organisasi memperhatikan penyelenggaraan pelayanan, karena ada kewajiban organisasi yang harus dilakukan serta pemenuhan hak pengguna jasa yang harus diperhatikan. Ini semua memaksa manajemen lembaga untuk melihat kembali sejauhmana kualitas yang dapat diberikan kepada pelanggannya. Perhatian lembaga akan kualitas pelanggan meliputi berbagai aspek. Diantaranya adalah dilihat dari bagaimana membangun budaya peningkatan kualitas, memberikan kesadaran kepada sumber daya manusia organisasi akan pentingnya kualitas pelayanan . Di samping itu juga perlu perhatian terhadap aspek manajemen dalam mengaplikasikan proses penyelenggaraan pelayanan organisasi. Tidak kalah pentingnya adalah penentuan stadar kualitas pelayanan sebagai pedoman dalam penilaian kinerja.Kata kunci: kualitas pelayanan, manajemen kantor
Kiat Memotivasi Karyawan
Authors: Hastono Bambang Suseno
Published: January 2019

Employee's motivation has become crucial for the organization to be enhanced because of the rapid changing situation faced by organization. High motivation to work will result in good behavior and job performance. Understanding some motivation theories and applying them properly will help a manager to find out the right methods to motivate the employees well. In addition to the changing employees paradigm, a manager should have good understanding about some factors that affect employee's motivation such as a good reward system and appraisal, physical and non-physical improvements and organizational culture. All of them are needeed to be implemented in order to motivate employees effectively.Key words: Employee's motivation, changing employees paradigm, a good reward system and appraisal, physical and non-physical improvements,organizational culture
Model Telstar sebagai Inovasi Pembelajaran Nilai di Indonesia
Authors: Novianto Victor
Published: January 2019

Nilai dianggap panduan yang lebih stabil dan tahan lama untuk sikap dan pengambilan keputusan dibandingkan perilaku. Oleh karena itu pendidikan nilai adalah upaya memberi bimbingan kepada anak didik agar menyadari secara logika, etika dan estetika melalui proses internalisasi nilai dan pembiasaan bertindak. Pembelajaran dikelas seharusnya menekankan pentingnya proses perjuangan dalam meraih sesuatu sehingga pada pencapaian lebih lanjut blsa mencapai tingkat 'pembelajaran sepanjang hayat'. Model yang sering diterapkan di sekolah Australia yaitu TELSTAR (Tune in, Explore, Look, Sort, Test, Act &  Reflect). Dalam langkah-Iangkah model TELSTAR tersebut, anak didik diajak untuk membahas suatu topik, tidak berpijak dari engetahuan guru tapi dengan pemahaman bahwa seorang murid sudah membawa pengetahuan sendiri sebelum pembelajaran dilakukan.
Peningkatan Mutu Pendidikan Kejuruan Berorientasi Pasar Kerja Melalui Uji Kompetensi Keahlian
Authors: Aw Suranto
Published: January 2019

Fenomena pasar kerja pada era global sekarang ini, ditandai oleh semakin tingginya kompetisi untuk memperoleh kesempatan kerja. Dengan demikian lulusan sekolah kejuruan semakin dituntut untuk menguasai kompetensi yang unggul. Realitas tersebut perlu secara sungguh-sunggu diantisipasi dengan peningkatan mutu pendidikan. Dalam konteks initah siswa, khususnya siswa Sekolah Menangah Kejuruan (SMK) yang profesional.
Revitalisasi Prodi Pendidikan Administrasi Perkantoran FIS UNY (Aspek Kesejarahan dan Kurikulum)
Authors: Rahayu Sugi
Published: January 2019

Membahas secara mendalam terkait dengan revitalisasi Prodi Pendidikan Administrasi Perkantoran FIS UNY pada aspek Kesejarahan dan Kurikulum.
Hubungan Kemandirian Belajar dan Perhatian Orang Tua dengan Prestasi Belajar
Authors: Astuti Rika , Hisyam Djihad
Published: January 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kemandirian belajar dan perhatian orang tua dengan prestasi belajar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian ex post facto, desain penelitiannya adalah korelasi. Penelitian ini bersifat kuantitatif karena dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui hubungan kemandirian belajar dan perhatian orang tua dengan prestasi belajar. hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan antara kemandirian belajar dengan prestasi belajar yang ditunjukkan dengan koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,0492 (r hitung 0,492 > r tabel 0.279); (2) terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan antara perhatian orang tua dengan prestasi yang ditunjukkan koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,737 (r hitung 0,737 > r tabel 0,279); (3) terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan antara kemandirian belajar dan perhatian orang tua secara bersama-sama dengan prestasi belajar yang ditunjukkan dengan koefisien korelasi ganda (R) sebesar 0,742 dan koefisien determinasi (R kuadrat) sebesar 0,550. Nilai F hitung yang diperoleh sebesar 28,779 sedangkan F tabel sebesar 3,18 (F hitung > F tabel).
Kesalahan-Kesalahan Penulisan Surat
Authors: Sotyaningrum Alfra Tien
Published: January 2019

Surat-menyurat merupakan bagian yang tak terpisahkan dalam kegiatan organisasi surat merupakan salah satu sarana komunikasi tertulis. Sebagian arus informasi dan komunikasi dilaksanakan dengan surat.meskipun dewasa ini teknologi komunikasi mengalami kemajuan yang pesat, seperti penggunaan telepon, radio, telex, facsimile, dsb, namun surat menyurat masih tetap diperlukan. Hal ini dikarenakan organisasi selalu memerlukan dokumentasi/bukti tertulis bagi setiap kegiatan yang telah dilakukan. Organisasi memerlukan catatan tertulis yang tidak tergantikan sepenuhnya oleh komunikasi lisan. Bagi suatu organisasi, surat berfungsi sebagai alat komunikasi, alat bukti tertulis, alat pengingat, alat bukti historis duta atau wakil organisasi dan alat pedoman kerja.Namun demikian beberapa surat tidak dapat berfungsi sebagaimana mestinya yang disebabkan masih sering terjadi dijumpai kesalahan-kesalahan dalam menulis surat. Banyak organisasi membuat surat hanya berdsarkan kebiasaan yang berlaku turun-temurun. Padahal tidak semua kebiasaan tersebut benar.Tulisan ini dilakukan untuk melihat kecenderungan kesalahan-kesalahan penulisan dan memberikan pedoman tentang penulisan surat yang benar yang terdiri dari dimensi-dimensi bentuk surat, bagian-bagian surat dan cara penulisannya, bahasa surat, efektivitas dan efisiensi surat, serta penampilan surat.Kata Kunci: Bentuk Surat, Bagian-bagian Surat, Efektivitas Surat, Efisiensi Surat, Bahasa Surat, Penampilan Surat, Stnadar Surat
TOTAL QUALITY MANAJEMENT DALAM PENJAMINAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN DAN UPAYA PENINGKATANNYA
Authors: Rosidah Rosidah
Published: January 2019

Persoalan kualitas  merupakan  bagian penting dalam bidang pengembangan sebuah institusi pendidikan. Pendidikan  mempunyai peran dalam membagun modal sosial, yang membentuk tatanan dan ketertiban umum  sehingga lingkungan kondusif untuk melakukan pembangunan. Sistem pendidikan diarahkan untuk mewujudkan RISE (Relevance, Academic Atmosphere, Institutional Management, Suistability, and Efficiency).Kebijakan Pemerintah memberikan ruang pada lembaga pendidikan untuk selalu mengembangkan kualitas serta melakukan pelayanan prima kepada stakeholer-nya. Untuk itu TQM perlu diwujudkan  dalam manajemen pendidikan.Salah satu penentu keberhasilan dalam implementasi TQM adalah factor kepemimpinan.Sistem Penjaminan Mutu perlu dibangun. Bebrapa poin penting dalam menjalankan penjaminan mutu perlu memperhatikan: Quality First, Stakeholder,The Next Process in Our Stakeholder, Speak with Data,Upstream Management. Kata kunci: Total Quality Manajement, Penjaminan Mutu, Pendidikan.
SEKRETARIS SEBAGAI PRAKTISI PUBLIC RELATIONS DALAM ORGANISASI
Authors: Sumarto Rumsari Hadi
Published: January 2019

Keberadaan sekretaris sebagai seseorang yang membantu pimpinan menjadikan sekretaris harus harus banyak berinteraksi dengan orang lain baik internal organisasi maupun orang di luar organisasi. Oleh karena itu, sekretaris harus mampu merepresentasikan dirinya sebagai praktisi Public Relations pada suatu organisasi. Hal tersebut dilakukan agar sekretaris dapat mendukung organisasi mendapat pengakuan dan kepercayaan publik. Penting dipahami oleh sekretaris bahwa citra organisasi harus dimaknai dengan benar oleh sekretaris agar pihak lain tidak berpersepsi negatif terhadap suatu organisasi. Public Relations sangat berkaitan dengan citra mengingat ranah Public Relations berkisar pada usaha untuk mendapat pengakuan yang baik dari publik. Public Relations berkaitan dengan suatu karya untuk menciptakan pengertian publik yang lebih baik, yang dapat memperdalam kepercayaan publik terhadap suatu organisasi. Oleh karena itu, apabila sekretaris dapat mempresentasikan dirinya dengan baik, otomatis persepsi pihak lain terhadap organisasi menjadi positif dan pada akhirnya dapat meningkatkan citra organisasi.  Kata Kunci: Sekretaris, Praktisi Public Relations, Citra Organisasi
PENTINGNYA GURU DALAM PENGEMBANGAN MINAT BELAJAR BAHASA INGGRIS
Authors: Kusuma Chusnu Syarifa Diah
Published: January 2019

Pentingnya guru untuk mengembangkan minat belajar bahasa Inggris sangat dibutuhkan, guru dianggap sebagai sumber pengetahuan dan sumber belajar oleh peserta didik. Guru dalam menjalankan fungsinya dapat berperan sebagai motivator, pemberi kejelasan, fasilitator, dinamisator, dan penilai yang baik. Peranan guru sebagai motivator, dinamisator dan lain sebagainya menjadi sangat penting dalam dunia pendidik. Bahasa Inggris merupakan alat untuk berkomunikasi secara lisan dan tulis. Berkomunikasi adalah memahami dan mengungkapkan informasi, pikiran, perasaan dan mengembangkan ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi dan budaya. Kemampuan berkomunikasi dalam pengertian yang utuh adalah kemampuan berwacana, yakni kemampuan memahami dan atau menghasilkan teks lisan dan atau tulisan yang direalisasikan dalam empat keterampilan berbahasa yaitu mendengarkan, berbicara, membaca dan menulis. Peserta didik tidak tahu mengapa bahasa Inggris penting untuk mereka dan minat belajar mereka dalam mempelajari bahasa Inggris bergantung pada guru mereka. Kata kunci : Pentingnya guru, minat belajar bahasa Inggris