bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of fixed orthodontic treatment with Edgewise and Straightwire techniques on white spot lesions incidence and accumulation of Streptococcus mutans bacteria
Authors: Maharani Elfira , Karunia Dyah , Pudyani Pinandi Sri
Published: September 2020

Background: Fixed orthodontic appliances, such as Edgewise and Straightwire techniques, can increase the amount of plaque retention containing Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), which can lead to white spot lesions. Purpose: The aim of this study is to analyse the correlation of fixed orthodontic treatment with Edgewise and Straightwire techniques on the incidence of white spot lesions and accumulation of S. mutans. Methods: The samples consisted of three groups: control group (n=8), Edgewise technique group, and Straightwire technique group. We observed the samples at the sixth month and eighth month of the treatment, after the installation of the fixed orthodontic appliances. The observation of white spot lesions with caries detector was applied in all regions. Bacterial swabs were acquired in the lateral incisor region, then a bacterial culture procedure was carried out on selective media of S. mutans, and then a bacterial count was performed. The data was analysed using two-way ANOVA, the post-hoc least square differences test, and the Pearson’s correlation test. Results: The number of white spot lesions in the Edgewise group was higher than in the Straightwire group in the sixth and eighth month of treatment with insignificant difference (p>0.05). The number of S. mutans bacteria increased in all groups, but there were no significant differences (p>0.05). There was no significant relationship between the number of white spot lesions with the accumulation of S. mutans between groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: The Edgewise and Straightwire techniques increase the incidence of white spot lesions but accumulation of S. mutans with the incidence of white spot lesions has no relationship.
THE CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY OF NOROVIRUS INFECTION IN CHILDREN WITH DIARRHEA AT REGIONAL PUBLIC HOSPITAL DR.SOETOMO
Authors: Athiyyah Alpha Fardah , Wardhani Sofia , Darma Andy , Ranuh Reza Gunadi , Raharjo Dadik , Shirakawa Toshiro , Sudarmo Subijanto Marto
Published: September 2020

Background: Norovirus has become a major cause of severe outbreaks of gastroenteritis since the discovery of the rotavirus vaccine, with the main symptom being diarrhea. Until now, research on the epidemiological analysis of norovirus has not been carried out at Regional Public Hospital (RSUD) Dr. Soetomo, Surabaya. Purpose: This study aims to provide clinical epidemiology data and an analysis of norovirus infections in children with diarrhea at Regional Public Hospital (RSUD) Dr. Soetomo, Surabaya, Indonesia, including the prevalence of norovirus infection in each age group and sex, its clinical appearance, and its seasonal variation. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in children aged 1–60 months hospitalized for diarrhea in RSUD Dr. Soetomo between April 2013 and March 2014. Identification of the virus in the stool was done by norovirus enzyme immunoassay Quick NaviTM Noro2. The proportion, age, sex, clinical symptoms, and patterns of the norovirus seasonal data were calculated. Results: Norovirus was detected in 64 samples (19%) of the 340 stool samples, with a mean patient age of 11.75 months; it was mostly found in patients less than 24 months of age (95%), and 64% were male. The monthly pattern of norovirus infection was mostly found in November, followed by May and April. The clinical symptoms were fever (72%), vomiting (66%), bloating (59%), abdominal cramps (34%), perianal inflammation (27%), abdominal distension (16%), and seizures (8%). Conclusion: The prevalence of norovirus was found to be high in patients with diarrhea aged 1–60 months hospitalized in RSUD Dr. Soetomo, with a proportion of 19%. Further research is needed to determine the severity of norovirus infection.
RISK FACTORS INFLUENCING ENTEROCOLITIS DEVELOPMENT IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH HIRSCHSPRUNG’S DISEASE
Authors: Witarto Andro Pramana , Athiyyah Alpha Fardah , Hariastawa I.G.B. Adria , Ranuh I Gusti Made Reza Gunadi
Published: September 2020

Background: Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis (HAEC) is one of the worst and most common complications of Hirschsprung’s disease (HD). The mortality rate of HD patients with enterocolitis is still considered to be higher compared to that of those without enterocolitis. Purpose: This study aimed to identify and evaluate potential risk factors for HAEC development. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from the medical records of HD patients treated from January 2015 to September 2018 at Regional Public Hospital (RSUD) Dr. Soetomo, Surabaya. The inclusion criteria were HD patients who had or had not experienced enterocolitis. The analysis was done by comparing the presence of risk factors between groups of HD patients with and without preoperative and/or postoperative HAEC. The results were presented as the median value and frequency. To evaluate further, a prevalence ratio (PR) with a 95% confidence interval was performed. The Mann–Whitney U test was also performed with a significance level of p < 0.05 for one factor: length of aganglionic intestinal segments. Results: This study showed that 12 of the 40 HD patients studied (30%) had experienced enterocolitis. The risk of developing HAEC was associated with patients who had a history of previous enterocolitis (PR 6.60 [2.94 < PR < 14.80]). Regarding surgical details, patients who had had surgery only once (31.30% compared to 14.30%), surgery with one surgical method (29.40% compared to 20.00%), and a primary procedure had a higher incidence of HAEC (29.40% compared to 27.30%). Conclusion: HD patients with a history of previous enterocolitis were found to have a higher risk of developing HAEC.
EFFECT OF COPING EFFORTS ON THE TREATMENT BEHAVIOR OF PATIENTS WITH PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: Mbulu Ronald , Qomaruddin Muhammad Bagus , Soedirham Oedojo
Published: September 2020

Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis has a huge impact on the lives of patients—physically, economically, and socially—and can thus cause stress. Prolonged stress can cause illness and affect one's health behavior, so that it requires proper coping efforts such as management problems and emotional regulation so that adaptive health behavior can be formed. Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of coping efforts (problem management and emotional regulation) on the treatment behavior of patients with lung tuberculosis in the city of Surabaya using the theoretical approach of transactional stress and coping. Methods: This study was an observational study with a cross-sectional design conducted in 13 Public Health Center (PHC) in Surabaya with the highest number of new cases of positive acid resistant bacteria of tuberculosis (TB-BTA+) with 229 populations. The sampling technique used was simple random sampling and found 142 respondents, with the inclusion criteria being patients with pulmonary TB who were undergoing treatment in the first quarter. The data collection used a questionnaire, and the data analysis was performed using logistic regression. Results: This study found that there was an influence of problem management (p = 0.01; prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04 < PR < 1.78) on treatment behavior, while the emotional regulation variable and the characteristic variable did not influence treatment behavior. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that patients with pulmonary TB who performed good coping efforts formed good treatment behavior.
Health Literacy Improves the Lifestyle of Undergraduate in Education Students
Authors: Goetz Lisiane , Teixeira Renato C.
Published: September 2020

The choices related to lifestyle habits, during the period of graduation at the university are decisive for the development of a healthy lifestyle and for combating the risk behaviors that lead to Chronic Non-communicable Diseases. This study aims to examine the relationship between a discipline focused on health literacy and the development of attitudinal components aimed at the competence of self-care and responsibility of pedagogy students, in relation to the choices that constitute their lifestyle. The investigation of this research indicates that the literacy and health promotion program developed during the Principles of Healthy Living for education students had a positive effect on the development of competence and responsibility for self-care in their lifestyle. Quantitative data were obtained using the socio-demographic questionnaire and validated scale of the Fantastic Lifestyle and the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, at the beginning and end of the course. The results point to an improvement in lifestyle with an increase in the practice of recreational physical activity of vigorous intensity (p=0.0339) and in its frequency (p=0.0130). Still, there was a significant reduction in the level of physical inactivity (p=0.0451), in addition to the evident improvement in lifestyle (p=0.0196), with all participants grouped in the categories “Good”, “Very Good” and “Excellent” referring to lifestyle. This study showed that an approach to health education for university students is a positive initiative for teaching important skills to consolidate a healthy lifestyle.
Parental Reported Bullying among Saudi Schoolchildren: Its Forms, Effect on Academic Abilities, and Associated Sociodemographic, Physical, and Dentofacial Features
Authors: Alabdulrazaq Raghad , Al-Haj Ali Sanaa
Published: September 2020

Context: bullying among schoolchildren is a serious phenomenon and a leading health concern. Aim: to determine the prevalence of bullying, its forms, and its effect on academic abilities and school attendance, as well as associated sociodemographic, physical, and dentofacial features among Saudi schoolchildren. Methods: this cross-sectional study recruited a sample of 1131 parents of schoolchildren 8-18 years old and requested them to complete internationally accepted questionnaires for their children. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data (p<0.05). Results: a majority (89.2%) of schoolchildren were bully victims. Physical bullying (48.9%) was the most common form of bullying. The youngest schoolchildren (8-11 years), those who disliked school classes or neither liked nor hated them, as well as those who were truant from school were more likely to be victims. In addition, those who had worse grades because of bullying, and those who were very often bullied because of good grades or because they showed an interest in school were more likely to be victims. With regards to targeted physical features, teeth were the number one target, followed by the shape of the lips and strength, while teeth shape and color was the most common dentofacial target, followed by anterior open bite and protruded anterior teeth. Boys and the youngest schoolchildren were more often subjected to bullying because of these features (p<0.05). Conclusions: the prevalence of bullying, mainly in a physical form, was high among Saudi schoolchildren, with a negative influence on students’ academic abilities. Problems related to teeth, in particular, which can be treated, were targets, mainly for boys and the youngest schoolchildren. More studies are required in Saudi Arabia to explore the issue further among schoolchildren, themselves.
Adjusting Mineral Nutrition of Lowbush Blueberry to Agroecosystem Conditions
Authors: Parent Serge-Étienne , Lafond Jean , Paré Maxime , Parent Léon Etienne , ZIadi Noura
Published: September 2020

Nutrient management of lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) depends on several yield-limiting features. Machine learning models can process such yield-impacting variables to predict berry yield. We investigated the effects of local variables on yields and nutrient management of lowbush blueberry. We collected 1504 observations from N-P-K fertilizer trials conducted in Quebec, Canada. Meteorological indices at various phenological stages showed the greatest impact on yield. High mean temperature at flower bud opening and after fruit maturation, and total precipitation at flowering showed positive effects. Low mean temperature and low total precipitation before bud opening, at flowering, and by fruit maturity, as well as number of freezing days (< -5ºC) before flower bud opening, showed negative effects. Soil fertility variables, leaf nutrient compositions and N-P-K fertilization showed smaller effects. Gaussian processes predicted berry yields from historical weather data, soil analysis, fertilizer dosage, and leaf nutrients with a root-mean-square-error of 1447 kg ha-1 on the testing data set. An in-house Markov chain algorithm optimized yields modelled with Gaussian processes from leaf nutrient composition, soil test value, and fertilizer dosage conditioned to specified historical weather features. We propose to use conditioned machine learning models to manage nutrients of lowbush blueberry at local scale.
Lignocellulosic Biomass as a Substrate for Oleaginous Microorganisms: A Review
Authors: Valdés Gabriela , Mendonça Regis Teixeira , Aggelis George
Published: September 2020

The microorganisms able of accumulating lipids in high percentages, known as oleaginous microorganisms, have been widely studied as an alternative for producing oleochemicals and biofuels. Microbial lipid, so called Single Cell Oil (SCO), production depends on several growth parameters, including the nature of the carbon substrate, which must be efficiently taken up and converted into storage lipid. Οn the other hand, substrates considered for large scale applications must be abundant and of low acquisition cost. Among others, lignocellulosic biomass is a promising renewable substrate containing high percentages of assimilable sugars (hexoses and pentoses). However, it is also highly recalcitrant and therefore it requires specific pretreatments in order to release its assimilable components. The main drawback of lignocellulose pretreatment is the generation of several by-products that can inhibit the microbial metabolism. In this review, we discuss the main aspects related to the cultivation of oleaginous microorganisms using lignocellulosic biomass as substrate, hoping to contribute to the development of a sustainable process for SCO production in the near future.
False-Negative Molecular Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 in Samples with Amplification Inhibitors
Authors: Fruehwirth Marcelo , Rivas Açucena Veleh , Fitz Andressa Faria Rahyn , Batista Aline Cristiane Cechinel Assing , Silveira Cleypson Vinicius , Delai Robson Michael
Published: September 2020

Although rRT-PCR is the gold standard method for SARS-CoV-2 detection, some factors, such as amplification inhibitors presence, lead to false-negative results. Here we describe differences between rRT-PCR results for SARS-CoV-2 infection in normal and diluted samples, simulating the need for dilution due to amplification inhibitors presence. Viral RNA extraction of nasopharyngeal swabs samples from 20 patients previously detected as 'Negative' and 21 patients detected as 'Positive' for SARS-CoV-2 was realized with the EasyExtract DNA-RNA (Interprise®) for extraction. rRT-PCR was realized with OneStep/COVID-19 (IBMP) kit with normal and diluted (80µl of H₂O RNAse free) samples, totaling 82 tests. The results indicate that there is an average variation (ɑ < 0.05) delaying Ct between the amplification results of internal control (IC), N Gene (NG), and ORF-1ab (OF) of 1.811Ct, 3.840Ct, and 3.842Ct, respectively. The extraction kit does not completely purify the inhibitor compounds, therefore non-amplification by inhibitors may occur. In this study, we obtained a 19.04% false-negative diagnosis after sample dilution, and this process reduces the efficiency of rRT-PCR to 29.8% for detecting SARS-CoV-2. Knowing the rRT-PCR standards of diluted samples can help in the identification of false-negative cases, and consequently avoid a wrong diagnosis.
Adherence Kinetics of a PDMS Gripper with Inherent Surface Tackiness
Authors: Cakmak Umut D. , Fischlschweiger Michael , Graz Ingrid , Major Zoltan
Published: September 2020

Damage and fibre misalignment of woven fabrics during discontinuous polymer processing remain challenging. To overcome these, a promising switchable elastomeric adherence gripper is introduced here. The inherent surface tackiness is utilized for picking and placing large sheets. Due to the elastomer’s viscoelastic material behavior, the surface properties depend on loading speed and temperature. Different peeling speeds result in different adherence strength of an interface between the gripper and the substrate. This feature is mechanically characterized and the viscoelastic behavior of the stamp is examined. Based on this experimental characterization, an empirical model is proposed. Furthermore, a discussion of the applicability and limitation of the elastomeric gripper is given.
Contribution of the Wild Food Plants in the Food System of Tribal Belt of Pakistan; The Pak - Afghan Border Region
Authors: Khan Shujaul Mulk , Abdullah Abdullah
Published: September 2020

The tribal belt of Pakistan-the Pak-Afghan border region is famous for its unique culture, ethnography and wild food plants and traditional knowledge. People of these regions gather wild plants for number of purposes including plants or plant parts for direct use, use it in the traditional cuisines and selling in local markets. However, there is huge lack of documentation of food system particularly the Wild Food Plants (WFPs). In current study we have focused on the uses and contributions of the WFPs in the tribal traditional food system. The ethnobotanical data were gathered through questionnaire surveys with Eighty-four informants 69 men and 15 women belonging to 21 different villages. We documented Sixty-three WFP species belonging to 34 botanical families, of which 27 were used as vegetables, 24 as fruits, 6 in different kinds of chutneys (starters) formation and six as fresh food species. Fruits were the mostly used part (40%) followed by leaves (24%), aerial parts (24%), seeds (7%), stem (3%), legume (2%) and young inflorescence (1%). Use of Carthamus oxycanthus & Pinus roxburghii seeds and Marsillea quadrifolia leaves were the novel reports for the gastronomy of Pakistan. The results elucidate that WFPs have a significant contribution in the Tribal Food Systems. Tribal people use WFPs not only due to their nutritional importance but also as a cultural practice - an inseparable component of the tribal communities. This important traditional Knowledge about the consumption of WFPs has been eroding with an alarming speed among the younger generations due to introduction of fast food chains, modernization, and globalization. Therefore, appropriates strategies are imperative not only to safeguard traditional knowledge but also the cultural heritage, food security and hence public healthcare via food supplement in the region.
A Two-Step Energy Management Method Guided by Day-Ahead Quantile Solar Forecasts: Cross-Impacts on Four Services for Smart-Buildings
Authors: Calderon-Obaldia Fausto , Badosa Jordi , Migan-Dubois Anne , Bourdin Vincent
Published: September 2020

The research work hereby presented, emerges from the urge to answer the well-known question of how the uncertainty of intermittent renewable sources affects the performance of a microgrid and how could we deal with it. More specifically, we want to evaluate what could be the impact in performance of a microgrid intended to serve a smart-building (powered by photovoltaic panels and with battery energy storage), when the uncertainty of the photovoltaic-production forecasts is considered in the energy management process. For this, several objectives (or services) are targeted based in a two-step (double-objective) energy management framework, that combines optimization-based and rule-based algorithms. The performance is evaluated based on some particular services proposed as performance indicators. Simulations are performed using data of a study-case microgrid (Drahi-Xnovation center, Ecole Polytechnique, France). The use of quantile forecasts (obtained with an analog-ensemble method) is tested as a mean to deal with (i.e. decrease) the uncertainty of the solar PV production. The proposed energy management framework is compared with basic reference strategies and the results show the superior performance of the former in almost all the services and forecasting scenarios proposed. The contrasting nature among some of the target services is one of the main conclusions of this work, as well as the different requirements in terms of forecasts when optimizing for different services and seasons of the year. This fact highlights the usefulness of the quantile forecasting approach, as a tool to deal with the intrinsic uncertainty of PV power production
The Fast Discrete Interaction Approximation Concept
Authors: Polnikov Vladislav
Published: September 2020

Hasselmann and coauthors proposed the discrete interaction approximation (DIA) as the best tool replacing the nonlinear evolution term in a numerical wind-wave model. Much later, Polnikov and Farina radically improved the original DIA by means of location all the interacting four wave vectors, used in the DIA configuration, exactly at the nodes of the numerical frequency-angular grid. This provides nearly two-times enhancing the speed of numerical calculation for the nonlinear evolution term in a wind-wave model. For this reason, the proposed version of the DIA was called as the fast DIA (FDIA). In this paper we demonstrate all details of the FDIA concept for several frequency-angular numerical grids of high resolution, with the aim of active implementation the FDIA in modern versions of world-wide used wind-wave models.
Epigenetic and Metabolic Mechanisms in Plant Resistance to Root-Knot Nematodes
Authors: Leonetti Paola , Molinari Sergio
Published: September 2020

Two wild-type field populations of root-knot nematodes (Mi-Vfield, Mj-TunC2field), and two isolates selected for virulence in laboratory on resistant tomato cultivars (SM2V, SM11C2), were used to induce a resistance reaction in tomato to the soil-borne parasites. Epigenetic and metabolic mechanisms of resistance were detected and compared with those occurring in partially or fully successful infections. The activated epigenetic mechanisms in plant resistance, as opposed to those activated in infected plants, were detected by analysing the methylated status of total DNA, by ELISA methods, and the expression level of key genes involved in the methylation pathway, by qRT-PCR. DNA hypo-methylation and down-regulation of two methyl-transferase genes (CMT2, DRM5), characterized the only true resistant reaction obtained by inoculating the Mi-1.2-carrying resistant tomato cv Rossol with the avirulent field population Mi-Vfield. On the contrary, in the roots into which nematodes were allowed to develop and reproduce, total DNA was generally found to be hyper-methylated and methyl-transferase genes up-loaded. DNA hypo-methylation was considered to be the upstream mechanism that triggers the general gene over-expression observed in plant resistance. Gene silencing induced by nematodes may be obtained through DNA hyper-methylation and methyl-transferase gene activation. Plant resistance is also characterized by an inhibition of the anti-oxidant enzyme system and activation of the defence enzyme chitinase, as opposed to the activation of such a system and inhibition of the defence enzyme glucanase in roots infested by nematodes.
The Duckweed, Lemna minor Modulates Heavy Metal-induced Oxidative Stress in Nile Tilapia
Authors: Abdel-Gawad Fagr Kh. , Khalil Wagdy K.B. , Bassem Samah M. , Kumar Vikas , Parisi Costantino , Inglese Sara , Temraz Tarek A. , Nassar Hossam F. , Guerriero Giulia
Published: September 2020

A two-fold integrated research study was conducted; firstly, to understand effects of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) on the growth and oxidative stress in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus; secondly, to study the beneficial effects of the duckweed Lemna minor L. as a heavy metal remover from wastewater. Experiments were conducted in mesocosms with and without duckweed. Tilapia fingerlings were exposed to Cu (0.004 and 0.02 mg/L) and Zn (0.5 and 1.5 mg/L) and fish fed for four weeks. We evaluated the fish growth performance, the hepatic DNA structure using comet assay, the expression of antioxidative genes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; glutathione peroxidase, GPx and glutathione-S-transferase, GST) and GPx and GST enzymatic activity. The results showed that Zn exhibited more pronounced toxic effects than Cu. Low dose of Cu did not influence the growth whereas higher doses of Cu and Zn significantly reduced the growth rate of tilapia compared to control, but addition of duckweed prevented weight loss. Further, in the presence of a high dose of Cu and Zn, DNA damage decreased, antioxidant gene expressions and enzymatic activities increased. In conclusion, results suggest that duckweed and Nile tilapia can be suitable candidates in metal remediation wastewater assessment programs.
Suboptimal Health Status of High School Students in Guangzhou, Shanxi, and Tibet, China: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mahara Gehendra , Liang Jiazhi , Zhang Zhirong , Ge Qi , Zhang Jinxin
Published: September 2020

Suboptimal health status (SHS) is a state between health and disease, has several associated factors, although, its underlying mechanism is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the status of SHS and its associated factors of high school students in three areas of China (Shanxi, Guangzhou, and Tibet). A multidimensional sub-health questionnaire of adolescent (MSQA) is used to evaluate SHS. Among 1461 respondents, females proportion 56.47% was higher than males 43.53% where SHS was higher in Shanxi followed by Tibet and then Guangzhou. The rural area, grade, lack of sleep, home visit in a week, lack of exercise, a heavy burden of study, smoking, drinking, and fewer friends were the risk factors of SHS, while, families living status, seeking help and extroversion were the protective factors. SHS is significantly associated with different influencing factors. For comprehensive prevention and control measures, reduce the risk factors and enhance the protective factors.
Pest Animal's Detection, and Habitat Identification in Low-resolution Airborne Thermal Imagery
Authors: Ulhaq Anwaar
Published: September 2020

Invasive species are significant threats to global agriculture and food security being the major causes of crop loss. An operative biosecurity policy requires full automation of detection and habitat identification of the potential pests and pathogens. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) mounted thermal imaging cameras can observe and detect pest animals and their habitats, and estimate their population size around the clock. However, their effectiveness becomes limited due to manual detection of cryptic species in hours of captured flight videos, failure in habitat disclosure and the requirement of expensive high-resolution cameras. Therefore, the cost and efficiency trade-off often restricts the use of these systems. In this paper, we present an invasive animal species detection system that uses cost-effectiveness of consumer-level cameras while harnessing the power of transfer learning and an optimised small object detection algorithm. Our proposed optimised object detection algorithm named Optimised YOLO (OYOLO) enhances YOLO (You Only Look Once) by improving its training and structure for remote detection of elusive targets. Our system, trained on the massive data collected from New South Wales and Western Australia, can detect invasive species (rabbits, Kangaroos and pigs) in real-time with a higher probability of detection (85–100 %), compared to the manual detection. This work will enhance the visual analysis of pest species while performing well on low, medium and high-resolution thermal imagery, and equally accessible to all stakeholders and end-users in Australia via a public cloud.
Occurrence and Characteristics of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli from Dairy Cattle, Milk and Farm Environment in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Kamaruzzaman Emelia Aini , Abdul-Aziz Saleha , Bitrus Asinamai Athliamai , Zakaria Zunita , Hassan Latiffah
Published: September 2020

.The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance genes and resistant bacteria does not recognized animal, human or geographic borders. Addressing this threat requires a combination of multidisciplinary approach involving human, animal and environmental health (One Health). Because antimicrobial agents used in veterinary medicine maybe the same or like those in human medicine. Extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) E. coli is a growing public health problem worldwide, and the Agri-Food industry is constantly becoming sources of clinically important ESBL bacteria. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and characteristics of ESBL-producing E. coli from dairy cattle, milk, and the farm environment. E. coli isolates were identified by their 16sRNA and their ESBL production was confirmed by ESBL-CHROMagar media and double disk diffusion method. Genotypes of ESBL producers were characterised using mPCR assay. Among the examined samples, 18(4.8 %) were positive for ESBL-producing E. coli. Of these, 66.7% were from milk, 27.8% and 5.5% were from farm environment and faecal samples respectively. Predominant ESBL Genotype identified were a combination of both TEM and CTX-M in eight out of 18 (44.4%) isolates. Four (22.2%) isolates produced CTX-M gene, two (11.1%) isolates produced TEM gene and four (22.2%) remaining isolates produced ESBL genes other than TEM, SHV, CTX-M and OXA. The SHV and OXA gene were not detected in all 18 isolates. The occurrence of these genotype in indicator organisms from dairy cattle, milk, and farm environment further re-enforced the potentials of food-animals as sources of infection for humans via the food chain. Thus, consolidating the need for the adoption of tripartite One Health approach in surveillance and monitoring antimicrobial resistance
Correction of the Sickle Cell Mutation Through Base and Prime Editing in Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Authors: Ji Kelly
Published: September 2020

Sickle cell disease is characterized by stiff, “sickled” red blood cells that have difficulty moving through the bloodstream and do not efficiently carry oxygen. It is an inherited disease with severely limited treatment options, and is caused by a point mutation. Its prevalence in black and brown communities makes the already limited treatment options even less accessible. Base editing and prime editing are two relatively recent discoveries in the field of genome editing and were developed after the groundbreaking discovery of the CRISPR Cas9 system. While not fully tested, they hold a lot of promise in providing alternative treatment options for sickle cell disease. Both editing systems are able to install individual point mutations in the beta globin gene, which is where the sickle cell mutation occurs, and can thus cure sickle cell disease (in theory). In this paper we outline the mechanisms of CRISPR-Cas9 systems and base and prime editing, and provide insight into how to apply them to treat SCD. Further investigation should be done on specific editing systems and designs to use to ensure optimal treatment of SCD.
Agency in Human-Smart Device Relationships: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Toivonen Heidi , Lelli Francesco
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we investigate the relationship people have with their smart devices. We use the concept of agency to capture aspects of users’ sense of mastery as they relate to their device. This study gives preliminary evidence of the existence of two independent dimensions of agency for modeling the interaction between humans and smart devices: (i) user agency and (ii) device agency. These constructs emerged from an exploratory factorial analysis conducted on a survey data collected from 587 participants. In addition, we investigate the correlation between user agency and device agency with background variables of the respondents. Finally, we argue that mapping the users’ dynamics with their device into user agency and device agency fosters a better understanding of the needs of the users and helps in designing interfaces tailored for the specific capabilities and expectations of the users.
"Let’s Talk About It"‒ Explicit Discussions as a Way to Reduce the Resistance of Religious Science Teachers to Learning and Teaching About Evolution: A Case Study
Authors: Alkaher Iris , Shmueli Marva , Dreyfus Amos
Published: September 2020

Acknowledging the diverse perceptions about science-religion relationships among learners who come from various religious environments may increase learners’ willingness to learn about evolution. This study is based on a zoology course designed for in-service teachers, which aimed to provide basic scientific knowledge about evolution using the Religious Cultural Competence in Evolution Education framework. The study explores whether learners who were resistant to evolution modify their attitudes and willingness to learn about it, and whether they develop respect toward learners who hold contradicting views. Using qualitative methods, the findings indicate that using the Religious Cultural Competence in Evolution Education framework increased some formerly "resistant" learners’ willingness to learn about evolution and include it in their own teaching, albeit in varying degrees and with various reservations. The learners appreciated the freedom to express their challenges concerning evolution learning or teaching and became more willing to respect opposing perspectives, even though not all the religious learners accepted evolution as an explanation for the development of organisms. This study has international implications for bridging the gap between science and religion, thus reducing resistance to learning and teaching about evolution.
Elevated Urinary Arsenic Level among Residents of an Arsenic-Endemic Area of Southern Thailand and its Related Factors: Three Decades after Mitigation Attempts
Authors: Saengow Udomsak , Vijitpongjinda Surasak , Yimthiang Supabhorn , Wattanapisit Apichai , Thaicharoen Sirilak
Published: September 2020

Three decades ago, human arsenic (As) contamination has been recognized in Ron Phibun, a sub-district with tin mining activity in southern Thailand. Since then different government bodies have attempted to mitigate the As-contamination problem by providing safe water in households. The most recent study conducted during 2000-2002 reported only a small fraction of population still had high urinary As level. Less attention has been paid to this issue afterwards. The present study aimed to re-assess the current situation, including human As contamination, water use behavior as well as identify risk factors of elevated As concentration among residents of Ron Phibun. The survey of 560 participants living in Ron Phibun with urinary As assessment was conducted. The median urinary As concentration of study participants was higher than normal. Consumption of shallow well water, a source generally considered as As-contaminated, was higher than a previous survey. A significant association was observed between urinary As concentrations and water sources for drinking and cooking. Gender and educational level were found to be associated with urinary As concentration. Significant associations between urinary As concentration and certain diseases (respiratory diseases, dermatitis, and dyslipidemia) were observed. The findings suggested further investigation of all water sources in the area for As contamination.
Tribological Behaviour of K340 Steel PVD Coated with CrAlSiN Versus Popular Tool Steel Grades
Authors: Drozd Kazimierz , Walczak Mariusz , Szala Mirosław , Gancarczyk Kamil
Published: September 2020

The tribological performance of metalwork steel tools is of vital importance in both cold and hot working processes. One solution for improving metal tool life is the application of coatings. This paper investigates the effect of CrAlSiN thin-film PVD-deposition on the tribological behaviour of tool steel K340. The sliding wear performance of the coated K340 steel is analysed in relation to both the uncoated K340 steel and a range of tool steels dedicated to hot- and cold-working, such as X155CrVMo12-1, X37CrMoV5-1, X40CrMoV5-1, 40CrMnMo7 and 90MnCrV8. The investigated tool steels were heat-treated, while K340 was subjected to thermochemical treatment and then coated with a CrAlSiN hard film (K340/CrAlSiN). The hardness, chemical composition, phase structure and microstructure of steels K340 and K340/CrAlSiN are examined. Tribological tests were conducted using the ball-on-disc tester in compliance with the ASTM G99 standard. The tests were performed under dry unidirectional sliding conditions, using an Al2O3 ball as a counterbody. The wear factor and coefficient of friction are estimated and analysed with respect to hardness and alloying composition of the materials under study. SEM observations are made to identify the sliding wear mechanisms of the analysed tool steels and PVD-coated K340 steel. In contrast to the harsh abrasive-adhesive wear mechanism observed for uncoated tool steels, the abrasive wear dominates in case of the AlCrSiN. The deposited thin film effectively prevents the K304 substrate from harsh wear severe degradation. Moreover, thanks to the deposited coating, the K304/CrAlSiN sample has a COF of 0.529 and a wear factor of K=5.68×10−7 m3 N−1 m−1, while the COF of the reference tool steels ranges from 0.702 to 0.885 and their wear factor ranges from 1.68×10−5 m3 N−1 m−1 to 3.67×10−5 m3 N−1 m−1. The CrAlSiN deposition reduces the wear of the K340 steel and improves its sliding properties, which makes it a promising method for prolonging the service life of metalwork tools.
Calculating Feed of Filament in Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing to Correctly Print Continuous Fibers Composites in Curved Paths
Authors: Akhoundi Behnam , Nabipour Mojtaba , Hajami Faramarz , Shahab S , Mosavi Amir
Published: September 2020

The extrusion-based additive manufacturing is a popular fabrication method, which has attracted the attention of various industries due to its simplicity, cheapness, ability to produce complex geometric shapes, and high production speed. One of the effective parameters in this process is the feed of filament that is presented in the production G-code. The feed of filament is calculated according to the layer height, the extrusion width and the length of printing path. All the required motion paths and filling patterns created by commercial software are a set of straight lines or circular arcs that are placed next to each other at a fixed distance. In special curved paths, the distance of adjacent ones is not equal at different points, and due to the weakness of common commercial software, it is not possible to create curved paths for proper printing. Therefore, making a special computer code that can be used to create various functions of curved paths is investigated in this research, and also the feed of filament parameter is studied in detail. Next, by introducing a correction technique, the feed of filament is changed during the curved path to distribute the polymer material uniformly. Finally, composite samples (which have variable stiffness) consisting of curved fibers are produced with the proposed method, and the high quality of printed samples confirm the suggested code and technique.
Feature Selection Model based on EEG signals to Assess the Cognitive Workload in Drivers
Authors: Becerra-Sánchez E. Patricia , Reyes Angélica , Guerrero-Ibañez Antonio
Published: September 2020

In recent years, research has focused on generating mechanisms to assess the levels of subjects' cognitive workload when performing various activities that demand high concentration levels, such as driving a vehicle. These mechanisms have implemented several tools to analyze cognitive workload where the electroencephalographic (EEG) signals are the most used due to its high precision. However, one of the main challenges in the EEG signals implementing is finding the appropriate information to identify cognitive states. Here we show a new feature selection model for pattern recognition using information from EEG signals based on machine learning techniques called GALoRIS. GALoRIS combines Genetic Algorithms and Logistic Regression to create a new fitness function that identifies and selects the critical EEG features that contribute to recognizing high and low cognitive workload and structures a new dataset capable of optimizing the model's predictive process. We found that GALoRIS identifies data related to high and low cognitive workload of subjects while driving a vehicle using information extracted from multiple EEG signals, reducing the original dataset by more than 50%, maximizing the model's predictive capacity-achieving a precision rate greater than 90%.
Using Astragalus to Model Body Mass, Habitat Preference, and Population Density of Prehistoric Bovid Duboisia santeng (Dubois, 1891) in Eastern Java island in The Early Pleistocene
Authors: Wibowo Andri
Published: September 2020

Astragalus bone is one of the most important fossil records as it can reconstruct the prehistoric life. Respectively, this study aims to model the body mass, habitat preference, and population density of prehistoric bovid Duboisia santeng (Dubois 1891) in eastern Java island in the early Pleistocene. The astragali from 9 specimens were used to estimate the body mass and population density. Likewise regression models are used to analyze the relationship between astragalus lateral length, width, and body mass compared to the astragalus of extant Bovid species. The result revealed the body mass average was 60.3 kg (95%CI: 58.9-61.7) and this indicates the D. santeng belongs to large herbivores. While the population density was estimated at about 5.39 individuals per km2 (95% CI: 3.18-7.6).
Kompleksitas dan Determinasi Luaran Pembelajaran pada Buku Teks Kurikulum 2013 Kelas 4 Sekolah Dasar Tema 2
Authors: Purnanto Arif Wiyat , Triana Putri Meinita , Rahmawati Laili Etika , Gajewski Dawid Michal
Published: September 2020

Buku teks pelajaran merupakan pedoman utama dalam pendidikan dan pengembangan kognitif siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tingkat kompleksitas pertanyaan dalam buku teks elektronik kurikulum 2013 kelas IV SD tema 2 dan menganalisis target luaran pengembangan kognitif siswa. Buku teks yang dikaji yaitu buku teks elektronik terbitan tahun 2017 yang dapat diakses pada halaman https://bukusekolahdigital.com. Penelitian dilakukan secara deskriptif eksploratif. Penelitian dilakukan denga mengidentifikasi kata kerja dan mengelompokkannya sesuai dengan taksonomi Bloom. Tingkat kompleksitas dinilai berdasarkan jumlah level kognitif dalam setiap pertanyaan, sedangkan luaran pengembangan kognitif dinilai berdasarkan kata kerja yang paling sering muncul dari seluruh item pertanyaan. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan chi-square dan korelasi Pearson. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kompleksitas soal yang terdapat pada buku teks elektronik kurikulum 2013 untuk kelas IV SD tema 2 termasuk dalam kategori sedang dengan dominasi kognitif level C3 dan C4. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa proporsi soal untuk setiap level kognitif dan proporsi tingkat kompleksitas soal tidak menyebar secara merata. Analisis tabulasi silang menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara proporsi jumlah soal berdasarkan target kognitif dan tingkat kompleksitas. Analisis korelasi menunjukkan bahwa jumlah kata kerja yang teridentifikasi berkaitan erat dengan jumlah pertanyaan dalam setiap level kognitif. Analisis terhadap target luaran pembelajaran pada buku teks kelas IV tema 2 lebih terfokus pada level kognitif C5 dengan proses kognitif berupa “menyimpulkan”. Peningkatan kualitas buku teks diperlukan untuk mendorong pengembangan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa.
Pengaruh kualitas pelayanan terhadap keberhasilan koperasi melalui partisipasi anggota sebagai variabel intervening
Authors: Ibrahim Lila Putri Arum Sari , Subiyantoro Hari
Published: September 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of service quality on member participation, determine the effect of service quality on the success of cooperatives and determine the effect of member participation on the success of cooperatives. This type of research is a quantitative study with a simple random sampling technique. The data collection method used a questionnaire which included three research variables, namely service quality, member participation and the success of the cooperative. Hypothesis testing uses path analysis with the help of AMOS 24 analysis tools. The results of the analysis show that service quality has a significant positive effect on member participation with a probability value of 0.000, which is smaller than the p value of 0.05. Service quality has a significant positive effect on the success of the cooperative with a probability value of 0.000 which is smaller than the p value of 0.05. Member participation has a significant positive effect on the success of the cooperative with a probability value of 0.047 which is smaller than the p value of 0.05.
ORTAK KONTROLE TABİ İŞLETME BİRLEŞMELERİNİN MUHASEBELEŞTİRİLMESİ
Authors: TEKŞEN Ömer , AKTAR Adile
Published: September 2020

Temel finansal tablolarını Türkiye Muhasebe Standartları uyarınca düzenlemekte olan işletmelerin bir kısmının ortak kontrole tabi işletmelerinin bulunduğu ve bu iş¬letmelerin birleşme işlemlerine ilişkin muhasebe politikaları uygulamalarında önem arz eden farklılıklar olduğu bilinmektedir. Bahsi geçen farklılıklar işletmelerin finansal tablolarını önemli derecede etkilemektedir. Konuyla ilgili olarak Türkiye Finansal Raporlama Standartlarında özel bir düzenleme bulunmadığından dolayı uygulamada bu kapsamdaki birleşmelerde birtakım sorunlar meydana gelmektedir. Bu sorunların giderilmesi amacıyla Ortak Kontrole Tabi İşletme Birleşmeleriyle İlgili Kurul Kararı 17 Ekim 2018 tarihinde 30568 sayılı resmi gazetede yayımlamıştır. Bu kapsamda yürütülen bu çalışmanın temel amacı, yayımlanan karar kapsamında getirilen yeniliklerin incelenmesidir. Bu amaç bağlamında örnek işletmeler üzerinden muhasebeleştirilme işlemlerinin gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda uygulamada birliğin sağlanabilmesi adına Hesap Planı Uygulama Genel Tebliği Taslağında yer almayan “Özkaynak Yöntemiyle Değerlenen Yatırımlar” kaleminin ve “Ortak Kontrole Tabi İş Birleşmelerin Etkisi” kaleminin ayrı hesaplarda izlenebilmesi için hesap önerilerinde bulunulmuştur.