bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distinct DNA methylation signatures associated with blood lipids as exposures or outcomes among survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the St. Jude lifetime cohort
Authors: Dong Qian , Chen Cheng , Song Nan , Qin Na , Plonski Noel-Marie , Finch Emily R. , Shelton Kyla , Easton John , Mulder Heather , Plyer Emily , Neale Geoffrey , Walker Emily , Li Qian , Huang I-Chan , Zhang Jinghui , Wang Hui , Hudson Melissa M. , Robison Leslie L. , Ness Kirsten K. , Wang Zhaoming
Published: February 2023

Background

DNA methylation (DNAm) plays an important role in lipid metabolism, however, no epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of lipid levels has been conducted among childhood cancer survivors. Here, we performed EWAS analysis with longitudinally collected blood lipid data from survivors in the St. Jude lifetime cohort study.

Methods

Among 2052 childhood cancer survivors of European ancestry (EA) and 370 survivors of African ancestry (AA), four types of blood lipids, including high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG), were measured during follow-up beyond 5-years from childhood cancer diagnosis. For the exposure EWAS (i.e., lipids measured before blood draw for DNAm), the DNAm level was an outcome variable and each of the blood lipid level was an exposure variable; vice versa for the outcome EWAS (i.e., lipids measured after blood draw for DNAm).

Results

Among EA survivors, we identified 43 lipid-associated CpGs in the HDL (n = 7), TC (n = 3), and TG (n = 33) exposure EWAS, and 106 lipid-associated CpGs in the HDL (n = 5), LDL (n = 3), TC (n = 4), and TG (n = 94) outcome EWAS. Among AA survivors, we identified 15 lipid-associated CpGs in TG exposure (n = 6), HDL (n = 1), LDL (n = 1), TG (n = 5) and TC (n = 2) outcome EWAS with epigenome-wide significance (P < 9 × 10−8). There were no overlapping lipids-associated CpGs between exposure and outcome EWAS among EA and AA survivors, suggesting that the DNAm changes of different CpGs could be the cause or consequence of blood lipid levels. In the meta-EWAS, 12 additional CpGs reached epigenome-wide significance. Notably, 32 out of 74 lipid-associated CpGs showed substantial heterogeneity (Phet < 0.1 or I2 > 70%) between EA and AA survivors, highlighting differences in DNAm markers of blood lipids between populations with diverse genetic ancestry. Ten lipid-associated CpGs were cis-expression quantitative trait methylation with their DNAm levels associated with the expression of corresponding genes, out of which seven were negatively associated.

Conclusions

We identified distinct signatures of DNAm for blood lipids as exposures or outcomes and between EA and AA survivors, revealing additional genes involved in lipid metabolism and potential novel targets for controlling blood lipids in childhood cancer survivors.
Changes in mental health across the COVID-19 pandemic for local and international university students in Australia: a cohort study
Authors: Russell Melissa A. , Reavley Nicola , Williams Ian , Li Wenjing , Tarzia Laura , Chondros Patty , Sanci Lena
Published: February 2023

Purpose

Previous research has indicated that university students experienced substantial mental health issues during the global COVID-19 pandemic, but few studies have considered changes relative to pre-pandemic levels across population groups. Hence, the aim of this study was to compare changes in mental health and associated stressors across the pandemic for international and local university students studying in Australia.

Methods

In a cohort of 4407 university students, we assessed depression (Patient Health Questionnaire 2), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2), social support (Medical Outcomes Study—Social Support Survey), inability to afford food, fear of partner, and experiences of discrimination, both pre-pandemic (April–May 2019) and during the pandemic (September–October 2020). Change in prevalence between local and international students were estimated with logistic regression, adjusting for baseline factors.

Results

Compared to local students, international students experienced an increase in probable major depression (odds ratio (OR) 1.43, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.23, 1.66), low social support (OR 2.63, 95% CI 2.23, 3.11), inability to afford food (OR 5.21, 95% CI 3.97, 6.83) race-based discrimination (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.82, 2.68) and fear of partner (OR 3.46, 95% CI 2.26, 5.13). Interaction analyses indicated that these issues were more likely to be experienced by students living outside their country of origin, inclusive of international students based in Australia (depression p value interaction term 0.02).

Conclusion

The pandemic had a substantial negative impact on international students, particularly those living outside of their country of origin during the pandemic. The inequalities exacerbated by the pandemic were present prior to the pandemic and are likely to continue post-pandemic without action. Interventions to build the supports for international students need to be urgently explored.
Historical and current developments in ethnology and anthropology of Serbia
Authors: Vučinić Nešković Vesna
Published: February 2023

The article sets to present the historical and current developments in ethnology and anthropology of Serbia. The first part is devoted to the historical overview which portrays the development of the discipline from the late 19th to the early 21st century. It ends with an explanation of the use of the concept “ethnology” and “anthropology” in present-day naming of the discipline. In the second part, the most important institutions, professional societies, and anthropological journals are presented. The third part is devoted to the advancements of the University of Belgrade Department of Ethnology and Anthropology, focusing on the period since 2006, when the implementation of the Bologna Process reforms started in Serbian universities and when the significant publishing activity was invigorated. This part presents major projects, conferences and publishing activities, as well as the course curricula implemented in the 2014–2022 period by the Department at the undergraduate, master’s and doctoral levels.
Characterization and applications of evoked responses during epidural electrical stimulation
Authors: Verma Nishant , Romanauski Ben , Lam Danny , Lujan Luis , Blanz Stephan , Ludwig Kip , Lempka Scott , Shoffstall Andrew , Knudson Bruce , Nishiyama Yuichiro , Hao Jian , Park Hyun-Joo , Ross Erika , Lavrov Igor , Zhang Mingming
Published: February 2023

Background

Epidural electrical stimulation (EES) of the spinal cord has been FDA approved and used therapeutically for decades. However, there is still not a clear understanding of the local neural substrates and consequently the mechanism of action responsible for the therapeutic effects.

Method

Epidural spinal recordings (ESR) are collected from the electrodes placed in the epidural space. ESR contains multi-modality signal components such as the evoked neural response (due to tonic or BurstDR™ waveforms), evoked muscle response, stimulation artifact, and cardiac response. The tonic stimulation evoked compound action potential (ECAP) is one of the components in ESR and has been proposed recently to measure the accumulative local potentials from large populations of neuronal fibers during EES.

Result

Here, we first review and investigate the referencing strategies, as they apply to ECAP component in ESR in the domestic swine animal model. We then examine how ECAP component can be used to sense lead migration, an adverse outcome following lead placement that can reduce therapeutic efficacy. Lastly, we show and isolate concurrent activation of local back and leg muscles during EES, demonstrating that the ESR obtained from the recording contacts contain both ECAP and EMG components.

Conclusion

These findings may further guide the implementation of recording and reference contacts in an implantable EES system and provide preliminary evidence for the utility of ECAP component in ESR to detect lead migration. We expect these results to facilitate future development of EES methodology and implementation of use of different components in ESR to improve EES therapy.
Molecular evidences for population differentiation and the migration from south to north of Puccinia triticina in eastern China
Authors: Li Hongfu , Zhang Qinqin , Wang Gui , Wang Jifeng , Chen Zhiyong , Zhao Wuchao , Zheng Xinyue , Gao Li , Liu Bo , Xu Lijian , Chen Wanquan , Liu Taiguo
Published: February 2023

Wheat leaf rust is caused by Puccinia triticina (Pt), leading to serious wheat yield loss in the world. To study the population structure and reveal the transmission routes of Pt in eastern China, leaf samples were collected from the main wheat-producing areas from April to June 2020. Total of 372 Pt strains were amplified by 13 SSR makers and a high level of genetic diversity was revealed with 289 multi-locus genotypes (MLG) identified. STRUCTURE analysis suggests that all Pt strains were assigned to 3 clusters, and 11 populations were further defined by considering geographic locations. All 55 pairwise populations had number of migration (Nm) values > 1, indicating moderate genetic differentiation and frequent exchanges among populations. The genetic structure was significant different among populations in the northern and southern regions bounded by the Qinling Mountains-Huaihe River line. Pt strains in the southern regions, such as Jiangsu, Anhui and Zhejiang provinces, had higher level of genetic diversity and genetic variation, and Jiangsu might play an important role in the epidemic and population structure of Pt. Both genetic communication and horizontal wind field analyses showed that Pt had higher level of gene flow from the southern to northern regions than that of the reverse direction. The demonstrated genetic structure and dispersal route of Chinese eastern Pt populations would provide valuable information for epidemiological studies and disease control.
Oxytocin level among patients with opioid use disorder and its correlation with personality traits and perceived childhood trauma
Authors: Dessoki Hani H. , Abedlrasoul Howaida A. , Dawoud Mariam E. , Mohamed Amany M. , Soltan Mohamed R.
Published: February 2023

Background

Personality traits and perceived childhood maltreatment are of the predictors of substance use disorder development. Many studies have discussed oxytocin effect on personality traits and its relation with childhood trauma and how both affect the addictive process. The main aim was to compare oxytocin level between patients with opioid use disorder and controls and the potential association of oxytocin level with the basic dimensions of personality traits and perceived childhood adverse experiences in patients group. Forty male patients with opioid use disorder and 40 healthy controls matched in age and gender were assessed and compared regarding serum oxytocin level by ELISA, personality traits using Temperament and character inventory - revised (TCI- R) scale, and childhood adverse events using childhood trauma questionnaire.

Results

A significant difference between the patient group and the control group regarding the serum oxytocin level was found. Negative correlation with p-value <0.05 between oxytocin level and each of novelty seeking, and harm avoidance, in addition to a positive correlation between oxytocin level and each of reward dependence, self-directedness, and cooperativeness items of (TCR-R), among cases were found. Cases did not show statistically significant difference in oxytocin level between different Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) items.

Conclusions

The interaction between serum oxytocin levels, personality traits, and childhood trauma has to be considered in management with heroin-dependent patients as it plays a crucial role.
Developing an identities-based approach to support more robust resilience and recovery in heritage planning and management
Authors: Jones Zachary M. , Pappas Théodora
Published: February 2023

Resilience has become an increasingly important concept in the cultural heritage field, particularly in the aftermath of the unprecedented challenges the COVID-19 global pandemic brought. However, on a conceptual and practical level, resilience remains closely linked to the technical conservation of built heritage, and there remains a need to develop broader approaches inclusive of cultural and socioeconomic components. This article investigates the potential applicability of theoretical concepts linked to identity and identities in heritage planning to help fill these gaps and develop approaches that consider resilience and are better able to address a range of unanticipated disasters. We first review the literature and policy documents to define and identify the potential for identities-based approaches. We then examine the case of Matera, an extremely fragile world heritage site in southern Italy that has been continuously inhabited for more than 8000 years and provides a relevant example of resilience. We explore the trends and effects of globalised tourism development before the pandemic and the post pandemic emergence of more local/regional and slow tourism patterns, largely based on cultural solutions to local development challenges and knowledge exchange. Through this comparison, we analyse the potential and limitations of introducing identities-based concepts into heritage planning as a more robust way to enhance resilience and prepare cities for unexpected future crises.
Transformation Zone Assessment Using Visual Inspection With Acetic Acid Before and After Thermal Ablation: Implications for Follow-Up
Authors: Balli Christine , Kenfack Bruno , Horo Apollinaire , Jeronimo Jose , Abatsong Esther , Wisniak Ania , Vassilakos Pierre , Petignat Patrick
Published: February 2023

PURPOSE

Thermal ablation (TA) has become the conventional method for treatment of precancerous cervical lesions in low-resource settings. After TA, both the squamocolumnar junction (SCJ) and the transformation zone (TZ) may be subject to change. Our aim was to evaluate SCJ and TZ variability after TA.

METHODS

Study data were collected in a large prospective trial of a cervical cancer screening campaign in Cameroon. For each patient, two sets of cervical photos (native and with acetic acid) were taken before and 6-12 months after TA. The SCJ and TZ were evaluated independently by three observers according to the WHO nomenclature. When discordances were observed between the type of TZ and SCJ selected by each observer, a corrected TZ was established on the basis of the SCJ categorization. Interobserver agreement for TZ interpretation was evaluated using Cohen's kappa coefficient for agreement between two observers and Fleiss' kappa between three observers.

RESULTS

Fifty consecutive participants were included in the analysis. Seventy-six percent were interpreted as TZ1-2, and 24% as TZ3 before TA. In 56% of cases, the entire SCJ could not be entirely visualized after TA, thus being recategorized as TZ3. Interobserver agreement was fair for diagnosis before TA (Kappa coefficient, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.45) and moderate for diagnosis after TA (Kappa coefficient, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.30 to 0.50). After TA, 36% progressed from TZ1-2 to TZ3, with a moderate interobserver agreement (Kappa coefficient, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.54).

CONCLUSION

We observed a shift of the SCJ into the endocervical canal after TA. A significant proportion of participants had TZ 3 after treatment, raising the question of visual inspection with acetic acid's applicability as a first-line follow-up examination method after TA.
A Review of Patient-Reported Outcome Considerations in Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee Meetings (2016-2021)
Authors: Gnanasakthy Ari , Norcross Lindsey , Clark Marci , Fitzgerald Kristina
Published: February 2023

PURPOSE:

The purpose of this project was to gain insight into the role of patient-reported outcome (PRO) data in US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee (ODAC) reviews and recommendations by documenting PRO-related considerations that appear in transcripts of ODAC meetings over a 6-year period (2016-2021).

METHODS:

ODAC meeting transcripts were reviewed for any mention of PRO-related concepts. Meetings that reviewed biosimilars and meetings that discussed conceptual matters were excluded. For each identified transcript, the meeting date, brand and generic names of the drug, and indication were collected from the meeting minutes. Comments by ODAC members, FDA reviewers, and study sponsors on PRO data were captured during the review. Qualitative review of transcripts included both reading and searching for key terms, including PROs, quality of life, and health-related quality of life. Discussion of PRO-related topics was captured verbatim, organized thematically, and analyzed by two independent reviewers.

RESULTS:

Twenty-seven transcripts of reviews were identified for 2016-2021. Topics related to PROs were included in 12 of those 27 reviews. The ODAC was satisfied with PROs included in 2 of those 12 reviews. Reasons for dissatisfaction in 10 of the 12 reviews included key concepts not assessed (5/12), missing data (5/12), and disagreement with sponsors' interpretation (3/12). The ODAC also expressed dissatisfaction with the lack of PRO data in 6 of 15 reviews that did not include PROs.

CONCLUSION:

Less than half of ODAC reviews in 2016-2021 included PROs, and reviewers expressed frustration at the lack of PRO data. Even when included, evidence on the basis of PROs was rarely deemed adequate for benefit-risk assessments.
The Rise and Fall of Antithrombin Supplementation in Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Ranucci Marco , Baryshnikova Ekaterina , Pistuddi Valeria , Di Dedda Umberto
Published: February 2023

Various cohort studies, both retrospective and prospective, showed that low antithrombin levels after cardiac surgery (at the arrival in the intensive care unit and during the next days) were associated with a number of adverse outcomes, including surgical reexploration and thromboembolic events, eventually leading to prolonged stay in the intensive care. Values lower than 58% to 64% of antithrombin activity were indicative of this higher morbidity with good sensitivity and specificity. The scenario generated the hypothesis that low antithrombin levels needed to be corrected by supplementation to improve postoperative outcome. However, randomized controlled studies run to test this idea failed to demonstrate any benefit of antithrombin supplementation, showing no effects on outcome, neither as preemptive preoperative strategy nor for treating postoperative low antithrombin values. In addition, randomized trials highlighted that those patients who received antithrombin experienced significantly higher incidence of acute kidney injury with a pooled odds ratio of 4.41 (95% CI, 1.90–10.23; P = .001). A strongly decreased thrombin activity after antithrombin correction may eventually affect the efficiency of the glomerular filtration and cause the deterioration of kidney function, but underlying biological mechanisms remain unclear. In conclusion, low levels of antithrombin activity after cardiac surgery should be considered as a marker of greater severity of the patient’s conditions and/or of the complexity of the surgical procedure. There are no indications for antithrombin supplementation in cardiac surgery unless for correcting heparin resistance.
Effect of Acute Ketone Monoester Ingestion on Cardiorespiratory Responses to Exercise and the Influence of Blood Acidosis
Authors: McCarthy Devin G. , Bostad William , Bone Jack , Powley Fiona J. , Richards Douglas L. , Gibala Martin J.
Published: February 2023

Ketone monoester (KE) ingestion can induce hyperketonemia and blood acidosis. We previously found that acute ingestion of 0.6 g/kg body mass KE increased exercise heart rate (HR) compared to placebo.

Purpose

To examine the effect of KE ingestion on exercise cardiac output (Q̇) and the influence of blood acidosis. We hypothesized that KE vs placebo ingestion would increase Q̇ and co-ingestion of the pH buffer bicarbonate would mitigate this effect.

Methods

In a randomized, double-blind, crossover manner, 15 endurance-trained adults [peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak), 60 ± 9 mL/kg/min] ingested either 0.2 g/kg sodium bicarbonate or a salt placebo 60-min pre-exercise, and 0.6 g/kg KE or a ketone-free placebo 30-min before exercise. Supplementation yielded three experimental conditions: basal ketone bodies and neutral pH (CON), hyperketonemia and blood acidosis (KE), and hyperketonemia and neutral pH (KE + BIC). Exercise involved 30 min of cycling at ventilatory threshold intensity, followed by determinations of V̇O2peak and peak Q̇.

Results

Blood [β-hydroxybutyrate], a ketone body, was higher in KE (3.5 ± 0.1 mM) and KE + BIC (4.4 ± 0.2) vs CON (0.1 ± 0.0, p < 0.0001). Blood pH was lower in KE vs CON (7.30 ± 0.01 vs 7.34 ± 0.01, p < 0.001) and KE + BIC (7.35 ± 0.01, p < 0.001). Q̇ during submaximal exercise was not different between conditions (CON: 18.2 ± 3.6, KE: 17.7 ± 3.7, KE + BIC: 18.1 ± 3.5 L/min, p = 0.4). HR was higher in KE (153 ± 9 beats/min) and KE + BIC (154 ± 9) vs CON (150 ± 9, p < 0.02). V̇O2peak (p = 0.2) and peak Q̇ (p = 0.3) were not different between conditions but peak workload was lower in KE (359 ± 61 W) and KE + BIC (363 ± 63) vs CON (375 ± 64, p < 0.02).

Conclusions

KE ingestion did not increase Q̇ during submaximal exercise despite a modest elevation of HR. This response occurred independent of blood acidosis and was associated with a lower workload at V̇O2peak.
Relinquishing Riches: Auctions versus Informal Negotiations in Texas Oil and Gas Leasing
Authors: Covert Thomas R. , Sweeney Richard L.
Published: February 2023

This paper compares outcomes from informally negotiated oil and gas leases to those awarded via centralized auction. We focus on Texas, where legislative decisions in the early twentieth century assigned thousands of proximate parcels to different mineral allocation mechanisms. We show that during the fracking boom, which began unexpectedly decades later, auctioned leases generated at least 55 percent larger up-front payments and 40 percent more output than negotiated leases did. These results suggest large potential gains from employing centralized, formal mechanisms in markets that traditionally allocate in an unstructured fashion, including the broader $3 trillion market for privately owned minerals. (JEL D44, L71, Q35)
Not Too Late: Improving Academic Outcomes among Adolescents
Authors: Guryan Jonathan , Ludwig Jens , Bhatt Monica P. , Cook Philip J. , Davis Jonathan M. V. , Dodge Kenneth , Farkas George , Fryer Roland G. , Mayer Susan , Pollack Harold , Steinberg Laurence , Stoddard Greg
Published: February 2023

Improving academic outcomes for economically disadvantaged students has proven challenging, particularly for children at older ages. We present two large-scale randomized controlled trials of a high-dosage tutoring program delivered to secondary school students in Chicago. One innovation is to use paraprofessional tutors to hold down cost, thereby increasing scalability. Participating in math tutoring increases math test scores by 0.18 to 0.40 standard deviations, and increases math and nonmath course grades. These effects persist into future years. The data are consistent with increased personalization of instruction as a mechanism. The benefit-cost ratio is comparable to many successful early childhood programs. (JEL H75, I21, I24, I26, I32, J13, J15)
Taxonomic study on a collection of terrestrial and freshwater gastropods from caves in Bahia state, Brazil, with the description of a new species
Authors: Salvador Rodrigo Brincalepe , Santos Silva Fernanda , Bichuette Maria Elina
Published: February 2023

Gastropod samples were collected during expeditions to caves in Bahia state, northeastern Brazil, and are studied herein. Collection took place over the past five years, and gastropods were found in 14 caves distributed across six different municipalities: Campo Formoso, Carinhanha, Coribe, Feira da Mata, Central, and Ituaçu. A total of 19 species-level taxa of terrestrial and freshwater gastropods (representing 10 families) were collected, including representatives of the taxa Neritimorpha, Caenogastropoda, Hygrophila, and Stylommatophora. A new species is described herein: Helicina marfisae sp. nov. (Neritimorpha, Helicinidae).
Effect of Aloe vera extract in post-burn skin repair in rats
Authors: Aulia Lusiana , Pane Yunita Sari
Published: February 2023

Background: Burn injury is a global health problem that is most often caused by heat. A burn injury can cause high morbidity and mortality and requires high cost. Therefore, the use of plants as an herbal medicine has the potential to be developed in Indonesia. Aloe vera contains various active ingredients that help the wound healing process, such as glucomannan and acemannan which have the effects on the proliferation of macrophages, fibroblasts, and re-epithelialization. This study aimed to determine the effect of Aloe vera extract in repairing post-burn skin in rats that were analyzed from the number of macrophages, fibroblasts, and epidermal thickness.

Methods: This is an experimental study with a posttest-only control group design using 54 Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain rats. The sampling method was simple random sampling consisting of 3 groups, i.e., I. standard group, which were normal rats; II. negative control group, which were given second-degree burns and treated with gel base (without Aloe vera extract); III. treatment groups, which were given second-degree burns and treated with Aloe vera extract gel. Each group was subdivided into three smaller groups (n = 6) according to the time the lesions were evaluated. Skin tissue samplings were carried out on days 3, 14, and 21 after injury to observe the number of macrophages, fibroblasts, and epidermal thickness.

Results: There were significant differences in the mean number of macrophages, number of fibroblasts, and epidermal thickness in all groups (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Based on the result of the study, Aloe vera extract could fasten the healing process of 2nd degree burn wound in rats.
Incidence, risk and impact of ICU readmission on patient outcomes and resource utilisation in tertiary level ICUs in Nepal: A cohort study
Authors: Aryal Diptesh , Paneru Hem Raj , Koirala Sabin , Khanal Sushil , Acharya Subhash Prasad , Karki Arjun , Dona Dilanthi Gamaga , Haniffa Rashan , Beane Abi , Salluh Jorge I F
Published: February 2023

Background: Readmissions to Intensive Care Units (ICUs) result in increased morbidity, mortality, and ICU resource utilisation (e.g. prolonged mechanical ventilation), and as such, is a widely utilised metric of quality of critical care. Most of the evidence on incidence, characteristics, associated risk factors and attributable outcomes of unplanned readmission to ICU are from studies performed in high-income countries This study explores the determinants of risk attributable to unplanned ICU readmission in four ICUs in Kathmandu, Nepal.

Methods: The registry-embedded eCRF reported data on case mix, severity of illness, in-ICU interventions (including organ support), ICU outcome, and readmission characteristics. Data were captured in all adult patients admitted between September 2019 and February 2021. Population and ICU encounter characteristics were compared between those with and without readmission. Independent risk factors for readmission were assessed using univariate analysis.

Results: In total 2955 patients were included in the study. Absolute unplanned ICU readmission rate was 5.69 % (n=168) for all four ICUs. Median time from ICU discharge to readmission was 3 days (IQR=8,1). Of those readmitted, 29.17% (n=49) were discharged at night following their index admission. ICU mortality was higher following readmission to ICU(p=0.016) and mortality was increased further in patients whose primary index discharge was at night(p= 0.019).  Primary diagnosis, age, and use of organ support in the first 24hrs of index admission were all independently attributable risk factors for readmission.

Conclusions: Unplanned ICU readmission rates were adversely associated with significantly poorer outcomes, increased ICU resource utilisation. Clinical and organisational characteristics influenced risk of readmission and outcome.
Analysis of Playing Positions in Tennis Match Videos to Assess Competition Using a Centroid Clustering Heatmap Prediction Technique
Authors: Boonim Kanjana
Published: February 2023

This research aimed to use clustered heatmap positioning analytical techniques in tennis in order to be able to analyze the positions of tennis players. A heatmap represents the cumulative frequency of tennis players’ movements in each zone of the tennis court. The performance testing of centroid clustering heatmap position analysis was achieved on selected men’s doubles tennis matches during the SINGHA CLASSIC 2019 competition. The research was done by collecting the cumulative frequency data and replacing it with intensity of color space. The process started with, firstly, cutting videos for each match based on the area of the court that could be seen clearly by the cameras in the field. Secondly, the video was converted into binary images. Thirdly, noise reduction was performed using morphological techniques. Fourthly, the centroid position was identified using a connected component and blob analysis. Fifthly, clustering data with k-mine was used to predict new tracks by Kalman filter. Finally, the percentage of player position in the three zones of the tennis court was calculated with the percent yield formula. The experimental results clearly showed the cumulative frequency of the players’ movement with the intensity of color space, allowing coaches and players to easily understand and use the data in planning for the next practice or competition.
Figura Matki Boskiej Skępskiej jako wizerunek acheiropoietyczny
Authors: Ciemiński Łukasz
Published: February 2023

Artykuł opisujący fenomen kultu figury Matki Boskiej Skępskiej jako wizerunek o charakterze acheiropoietycznym. Funkcjonujące w chrześcijaństwie wygląd o zapewnieniu przedstawionym dzięki boskiej interwencji a także obliczone własne w polskiej religijności typu ludowego. Jego najbardziej znaną, ale jak się wydaje – niejedyną – manifestacją jest obraz Matki Boskiej Częstochowskiej. Na podstawie obserwacji autora badań terenowych oraz studiów nad źródłami (literatura dewocyjna, pieśni odpustowe) dowiedziono i omówiono obecność wśród części czcicieli skępskiej Madonny zbadano nadprzyrodzonym po wejściu do rzeźby. Narracje dotyczące cudownego wizerunku, opierając się na posiadających proweniencję bizantyńską toposach, są charakterystyczne dla ich elementów.
Od fana do stalkera. Spektrum postaw fanowskich w koreańskim przemyśle kulturowym
Authors: Lewandowska Marta
Published: February 2023

Artykuł prezentuje aktywności i praktyki fanowskie wśród południowokoreańskich odbiorców kultury popularnej celem ogólnej charakterystyki dostępnych postaw, które mieszczą się w modelowych ujęciach Prawdziwego Fana, Anty-fana i Saseang – Fan Obsesyjnego. Zwraca się tu uwagę na szczególną rolę koreańskiego przemysłu muzycznego, który odgórnie strukturyzuje i manipuluje relacją fan – obiekt afektu oraz relacjami wewnątrzfandomowy, narzucając sposoby interakcji z idolami i modele zachowań wśród fanów. Kluczowe w analizie są kategorie relacji paraspołecznej jako centralnej dla struktury koreańskiego przemysłu kulturowego, praktyk oddolnych i odgórnych oraz koncepcji kultury kłączowatej Delezue, która szczególnie przystaje do opisu systemu fanowskich „nisz ekologicznych” w Korei Południowej i interakcji między fandomem a przemysłem kulturowym.
Eco Power
Authors: Fortune Kyle
Published: February 2023

The new Mercedes-AMG C63 S E Performance breaks the mold for Mercedez-Benz, providing high power with a greener footprint, thanks to an innovative plug-in hybrid drivetrain
Winning Form ULA
Authors: Billington James
Published: February 2023

The development of specialized lubrication fluids for electric vehicle powertrains are providing greater performance, more efficiency, and component longevity. Selda Gunsel, vice president of global lubricants and fuels technology at Shell, explains how e-fluids are created and the challenges that must be overcome as we shift to an electrified world
Tread Talks
Authors: Norman Helen
Published: February 2023

Four leading tire manufactures share their latest EV-focused developments, with new technologies improving range, durability and sustainabilityl - and even helping to reduce road noise
Going the Distance
Authors: Gooding Richard
Published: February 2023

The decarbonization of heavy trucks is a pressing demand, but such large, high-use vehicles do not always lend themselves well to battery electric solutions. Therefore, hydrogen is seen by many as the way forward, but what are the pros and cons of fuel-cell technology versus combustion?
Fuel-Cell Future
Authors: James Anthony
Published: February 2023

Hyundai Construction equipment, in association with Hyundai Motor Company and Hyundai Mobis, has created a prototype for a 19.9 ton wheeled excavator powered by hydrogen fuel-cells
Mach 1 Masterpiece
Authors: Eden Paul E
Published: February 2023

Bombardier's vice president of engineering Stephen McCullough updates ATI on progress with the Global 8000 business jet's development
Angry Kitten
Authors: Tegler Eric
Published: February 2023

After more than a decade of R&D, a US Air Force electronic warfare training device has seen its capabilities and use significantly expand
Digital Shift
Authors: Sampson Ben
Published: February 2023

Experts give tips and advice on how to effectively use digital twins and realize a return on your investment
Carbon Neutral Jet Fuel From The Sun
Authors: Sempson Ben
Published: February 2023

Aldo Steinfeld from ETH Zurich discusses an industrial plant capable of producing carbon neutral jet fuel from sunlight
The 14% Challenge
Authors: Hart Victoria
Published: February 2023

Aerospace is at the forefront of engineering, but some question if the sector is doing enough to keep pace with developments in equality and human rights
Silverado ZR2
Authors: Heeps Graham
Published: February 2023

Chevrolet's engineering team has specified spool-valve dampers for the Silverado ZR2, helping optimise both on- and off -road performance of the full-size truck
Development Tool of the Year
Authors: Morse Phil
Published: February 2023

Developing a great dynamic setup requires great tools. This category rewards the latest tools that help vehicle dynamics engineers evaluate their designs and setups to achieve automotive excellence. Everything from simulation to durability technology, software to lab machinery, to dynamometers and more is eligible
Test Facility of the Year
Authors: Mira Horiba
Published: February 2023

The panel considered the most impressive new developments and investments at proving grounds and test tracks, as well as facilities offering the use of dynamics test equipment
Inspiring Solutions
Authors: Beck Chris
Published: February 2023

Make UK's National Manufacturing Conference returns to London this March with a line-up of high-profile industry speakers
Small Wonder
Authors: Rother Thorsten , Naujokat Gina
Published: February 2023

A lynchpin of modern computer technology, transistors are now so small that the only way to test them effectively is with microfocus X-ray technology, says Comet Yxlon.
The Human Touch
Authors: Pachhandara Nikhil
Published: February 2023

To ensure a seamless user experience and to protect their bottom line, manufacturers should implement automated human-like testing of touchscreen user interfaces at every phase of a product's development cycle, says OptoFidelity.
Spot The Difference
Authors: Warner Shaina
Published: February 2023

Minor defects can creep into display screens during the manufacturing process. Detecting them requires inspection tools and a method for quantifying these just-noticeable differences, says Radiant Vision Systems.
Climate Control
Authors: Todd Chelsea
Published: February 2023

Sunlight, heat and moisture can damage consumer electronics products in multiple ways, but with a well-designed testing program these risks can be detected, mitigated and even prevented, says Atlas Material Testing.
Torque Sense
Authors: Lio Frank
Published: February 2023

Measuring the effects of torsion is a critical – though often overlooked - aspect of material testing. Instron offers insights on how best to test for torque.
Screen Adaptation
Authors: Robotics Adapta
Published: February 2023

As touchscreen testing requirements change to keep pace with the ever-growing complexity of touchscreen devices, automated testing tools need to be equally adaptable, says Adapta Robotics.
Bright Early
Authors: Hayes Steve
Published: February 2023

When designing a product, the impact of electromagnetic compatibility and interference needs to be factored in early if manufacturers want to avoid costly redesigns, says Element Materials Technology.
“I feel like it’s capitalising on the poor”: electronic gaming machines, neoliberalism and the invisibility of social work
Authors: Bowne Nicole , Jarldorn Michele
Published: February 2023

Electronic gaming machines are normalised business within Australia’s hotels and clubs. Concentrated within low socio-economic and disadvantaged communities, this high-intensity form of gambling creates the often-hidden addiction of problem gambling and the associated widespread social harms. This qualitative study uses radical social work thinking to explore gaming venue employees’ perceptions and experiences of implementing ‘responsible gambling measures’, ostensibly aimed at mitigating the social consequences and harms of problematic gambling. Our analysis reveals that neoliberal ideologies mean that gaming venue employees support ‘freedom of choice’ narratives, which ignore the structural influences at play when an individual becomes an ‘irresponsible’ consumer/gambler. Social workers must be cognisant of the ways in which the notion of the ‘(ir)responsible gambler’ skews how problem gambling and problem gamblers are viewed. The social harms from electronic gaming machines are complex and widespread, and deserve more recognition and attention in social work practice, policy and research.
Connecting social work research with policy and practice: issues of people, power and politics
Authors: Julkunen Ilse , Mauri Diletta , Ruch Gillian , Isokuortti Nanne
Published: February 2023

This article builds on a scoping review of the international literature of community–academy partnerships in social work and is illustrated with a narrative case study reflecting on experiences of managing transitions between research, practice and policy in the context of partnership work with care leavers in Italy. Arising from the literature and case material, we conclude by identifying four areas for further consideration: the constituents of ‘meaningful’ outcomes; the personal and political nature of power; the temporal characteristics of partnership practice; and the complex challenges of inclusivity.
Quasi-experimental evaluation of national border closures on COVID-19 transmission
Authors: Poirier Mathieu J. P. , Rogers Van Katwyk Susan , Lin Gigi , Hoffman Steven J.
Published: February 2023

With over 200 pandemic threats emerging every year, the efficacy of closing national borders to control the transmission of disease in the first months of a pandemic remains a critically important question. Previous studies offer conflicting evidence for the potential effects of these closures on COVID-19 transmission and no study has yet empirically evaluated the global impact of border closures using quasi-experimental methods and real-world data. We triangulate results from interrupted time-series analysis, meta-regression, coarsened exact matching, and an extensive series of robustness checks to evaluate the effect of 166 countries’ national border closures on the global transmission of COVID-19. Total border closures banning non-essential travel from all countries and (to a lesser extent) targeted border closures banning travel from specific countries had some effect on temporarily slowing COVID-19 transmission in those countries that implemented them. In contrast to these country-level impacts, the global sum of targeted border closures implemented by February 5, 2020 was not sufficient to slow global COVID-19 transmission, but the sum of total border closures implemented by March 19, 2020 did achieve this effect. Country-level results were highly heterogeneous, with early implementation and border closures so broadly targeted that they resemble total border closures improving the likelihood of slowing the pandemic’s spread. Governments that can make productive use of extra preparation time and cannot feasibly implement less restrictive alternatives might consider enacting border closures. However, given their moderate and uncertain impacts and their significant harms, border closures are unlikely to be the best policy response for most countries and should only be deployed in rare circumstances and with great caution. All countries would benefit from global mechanisms to coordinate national decisions on border closures during pandemics.
Pathways to effective surgical coverage in a lower-middle-income country: A multiple methods study of the family physician-led generalist surgical team in rural Nepal
Authors: Ross Ollie , Shakya Rabina , Shrestha Rishav , Shah Shristi , Pradhan Amita , Shrestha Rahul , Bhandari Pushkar , Paris Becky , Shah Kashim , Shrestha Anil , Zimmerman Mark , Henrikson Hannah , Tamang Suresh , Rajbhandari Ruma
Published: February 2023

The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery (LCoGS) recommends using specialist surgical workforce density as one of 6 core indicators for monitoring universal access to safe, affordable surgical and anaesthesia care. Using Nepal as a case study, we explored the capacity of a generalist workforce (led by a family physician or MD general practitioner and non-physician anaesthetist) to enable effective surgical delivery through task-shifting. Using a multiple-methods approach, we retrospectively mapped essential surgical care and the enabling environment for surgery in 39 hospitals in 25 remote districts in Nepal and compared it with LCoGS indicators. All 25 districts performed surgery, 21 performed Caesarean section (CS), and 5 met at least 50% of district CS needs. Generalist surgical teams performed CS, the essential major operation at the district level, and very few laparotomies, but no operative orthopaedics. The density of specialist Surgeon/Anaesthesiologist/Obstetrician (SAO) was 0·4/100,000; that of Generalist teams (gSAO) led by a family physician (MD General Practitioners-MDGP) supported by non-physician anaesthetists was eight times higher at 3·1/100,000. gSAO presence was positively associated with a two-fold increase in CS availability. All surgical rates were well below LCoGS targets. 46% of hospitals had adequate enabling environments for surgery, 28% had functioning anaesthesia machines, and 75% had blood transfusion services. Despite very low SAO density, and often inadequate enabling environment, surgery can be done in remote districts. gSAO teams led by family physicians are providing essential surgery, with CS the commonest major operation. gSAO density is eight times higher than specialists and they can undertake more complex operations than just CS alone. These family physician-led functional teams are providing a pathway to effective surgical coverage in remote Nepal.
Spatial distribution and determinants of newborn care within 2 days of postpartum period among women with at least one antenatal care visit in Ethiopia: Mixed effect multilevel analysis
Authors: Asratie Melaku Hunie , Belay Daniel Gashaneh , Kassie Belayneh Ayanaw , tsega Nuhamin Tesfa , Aragaw Fantu Mamo , Gashaw Moges , Endalew Mastewal
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Neonatal mortality is pervasive in developing countries like Ethiopia. Though the risk of neonatal mortality is preventable through consolidating simple, low-cost, and less time-consuming essential care, there is a scarcity of evidence about the spatial distribution of newborn care in Ethiopia.

Objective

The current study aimed to demonstrate spatial distribution and determinants of newborn care within 2 days of the postpartum period in Ethiopia.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was employed based on Ethiopian demographic and health survey 2016 data and 2796 post-partum period women were included. Arc GIS version 10.7 and SaTScan version 9.6 software were used. Mixed effect analysis was done by STATA version 14 software. Bivariate analysis was done and variables with a p value<0.2 were taken as a candidate for multilevel multivariable logistic regression. Intra Class Correlation Coefficient (ICC), Proportion Change in Variance (PCV), and Median Odds Ratio (MOR) were used for model comparison and an Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with respect to a 95% confidence interval was used for declaring statistical significance. In the multivariable analysis, a p-value≤0.05 was considered as a cut point of statistical significance with the outcome variable.

Results

The spatial distribution of newborn care was not random and the overall prevalence was 48.39%. Secondary educational level (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR = 1.5;95% CI 1.06,2.62), college and above (AOR = 2.47; 95% CI 1.22,5.01), number of antenatal cares three (AOR = 1.5; 95% CI 1.10, 2.04), antenatal care four and above (AOR = 1.6; 95% CI 1.22; 2.19), place of delivery (AOR = 9.67; 7.44, 12.57) and child is a twin (AOR = 3.33; 95% CI 1.23, 9.00) were variables significantly associated with newborn care.

Conclusions

Newborn care practice in Ethiopia is below half per hundred participants. Even the distribution was not random. There is a need to pay attention to those cold spot areas and factors significantly associated with newborn care. Improving women’s educational levels secondary and above, and consolidating the continuation of antenatal care and health facility delivery were the priority areas to improve newborn care in Ethiopia. Maternal and neonatal health program managers and policymakers should pay attention to those cold spots of newborn care to achieve the sustainable development goal.
My previous life in drag
Authors: Bolton Kendel
Published: February 2023

Kendel Bolton shares his history of drag, scholarship and life in the queer community. He highlights his own struggles as a former drag queen and builds upon the history of the LGBTQIA community.
Editorial
Authors: Hancock Joseph H.
Published: February 2023

In this issue we celebrate our 10th anniversary in special honour to all the transgender men and women who have lost their lives during 2020–22. A global array of scholars present their scholarly and practice-based work regarding LBTQIA+ fashion and style.
The protection of cultural Identity
Authors: Jayme Erik
Published: February 2023

This editorial signals the legal importance of cultural identity mainly with regard to cultural objects. The issue of “nationality” of art objects is addressed in connection with the increasing claims for restitution of cultural artworks, without forgetting that pluralism is also a concept that frames the cultural identity of persons themselves.