bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lithic bacterial communities: ecological aspects focusing on Tintenstrich communities
Authors: Pittino Francesca , Fink Sabine , Oliveira Juliana , Janssen Elisabeth M.-L. , Scheidegger Christoph
Published: November 2024

Tintenstrich communities (TCs) mainly comprise Cyanobacteria developing on rock substrates and forming physical structures that are strictly connected to the rock itself. Endolithic and epilithic bacterial communities are important because they contribute to nutrient release within run-off waters flowing on the rock surface. Despite TCs being ubiquitous, little information about their ecology and main characteristics is available. In this study, we characterized the bacterial communities of rock surfaces of TCs in Switzerland through Illumina sequencing. We investigated their bacterial community composition on two substrate types (siliceous rocks [SRs] and carbonate rocks [CRs]) through multivariate models. Our results show that Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria are the predominant phyla in this environment. Bacterial α-diversity was higher on CRs than on SRs, and the β-diversity of SRs varied with changes in rock surface structure. In this study, we provide novel insights into the bacterial community composition of TCs, their differences from other lithic communities, and the effects of the rock substrate and structure.
Pathological investigation, molecular characterization and first-time isolation of the predominant serotypes of fowl adenovirus (FAdV-D and E) from commercial poultry in Bangladesh
Authors: Sadekuzzaman Mohammad , Miah Md. Sojon , Parvin Rokshana , Haque Md. Enamul , Islam Tanbin Rubaiya , Sigma Sanzila Hossain , Hossain Md. Golbar , Hayat Sajedul , Hossain Muhammad Tofazzal , Islam Md. Alimul
Published: November 2024

Background

Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) is a globally distributed virus that inflicts significant economic losses on the poultry industry. The study aimed at pathological investigation, molecular characterization, isolation, and pathogenicity determination of FAdV from commercial poultry.

Methods

A total of 86 liver samples were collected from 80 commercial chicken farms. All samples were examined for gross pathology; only liver samples were used for histopathology and virus detection by PCR. PCR-positive FAdV samples were used for isolation of virus in 10-day-old seronegative embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs) via chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). PCR confirmed virus isolates were sequenced for serotyping and phylogenetic analysis. Pathogenicity of the isolated FAdVs was assessed by oral, i.m., and i.p. routes of infection.

Results

The study observed gross lesions including hydropericardium and enlarged, friable pale livers with ecchymotic hemorrhages. Histopathological analysis revealed hepatocytic necrosis with basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in liver tissues, and tubular necrosis, focal hemorrhages, and mononuclear cell infiltration in kidney tissues. Out of 86 liver samples analyzed, 40 were positive for FAdVs by PCR, and 22 were positive for virus isolation. One serotype was 11 and other 11 were 8b of FAdV and genetically close to Bangladesh, India, and Turkey isolates, according to hexon gene phylogenetic analysis. The pathogenicity test indicated that serotype 11 was more virulent than the serotype 8b.

Conclusion

The study concluded that serotypes 11 and 8b of FAdVs are circulating simultaneously among commercial broiler and layer chickens, serotype 8b was found predominant one.
Transcriptional patterns of brain structural abnormalities in CSVD-related cognitive impairment
Authors: Mao Haixia , Xu Min , Wang Hui , Liu Yuankun , Wang Feng , Gao Qianqian , Zhao Songyun , Ma Lin , Hu Xiaoyun , Zhang Xiaoxuan , Xi Guangjun , Fang Xiangming , Shi Yachen
Published: November 2024

Background

Brain structural abnormalities have been associated with cognitive impairment in individuals with small cerebral vascular disease (CSVD). However, the molecular and cellular factors making the different brain structural regions more vulnerable to CSVD-related cognitive impairment remain largely unknown.

Materials and methods

Voxel-based morphology (VBM) was performed on the structural magnetic resonance imaging data of 46 CSVD-related cognitive impairment and 73 healthy controls to analyze and compare the gray matter volume (GMV) between the 2 groups. Transcriptome-neuroimaging spatial correlation analysis was carried out in combination with the Allen Human Brain Atlas to explore gene expression profiles associated with changes in cortical morphology in CSVD-related cognitive impairment.

Results

VBM analysis demonstrated extensive decreased GMV in CSVD-related cognitive impairment in the bilateral temporal lobe and thalamus, especially the hippocampus, thalamus, parahippocampus, and fusiform, and the left temporal lobe showed a more severe atrophy than the right temporal lobe. These brain structural alterations were closely related to memory and executive function deficits in CSVD-related cognitive impairment. Furthermore, a total of 1,580 genes were revealed to be significantly associated with regional change in GMV. The negatively and positively GMV-linked gene expression profiles were mainly enriched in RNA polymerase II, catalytic activity acting on a nucleic acid, aminoacyltransferase activity, axonogenesis, Golgi membrane, and cell junction organization.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that brain morphological abnormalities in CSVD-related cognitive impairment are linked to molecular changes involving complex polygenic mechanisms, highlighting the interplay between genetic influences and structural alterations relevant to CSVD-related cognitive impairment.
Effects of the Tovertafel® on apathy, social interaction and social activity of people with dementia in long-term inpatient care: results of a non-controlled within-subject-design study
Authors: Konrad Robert , Güttler Carina , Öhl Natalie , Heidl Christian , Scholz Stefanie , Bauer Christian
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Tovertafel® is a VR-based serious game for dementia care (SGDC) that aims to stimulate residents affected by dementia in nursing homes, promote social and cognitive skills and reduce apathy. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of using Tovertafel® on apathy, social interaction and social activity of people with dementia (PWD) in long-term inpatient care in Germany.

Methods

In this monocentric intervention study, 25 residents of an inpatient long-term care facility with moderate or severe dementia had two weekly applications of Tovertafel® over a period of 8 weeks. Effects on the residents’ social interaction and activity were recorded before (T1), during (T2) and 1 h after (T3) each intervention using the Engagement of a Person with Dementia Scale (EPWDS). The degree of apathy was assessed using the Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES). Effects of Tovertafel® were examined using a simple repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results

Thirteen residents with moderate (52%) and 12 residents with severe dementia (48%) were included. Results showed that residents’ apathy changed over the course of the trial and was partially reduced. ANOVA revealed significant changes in the positive expression of social participation in the overall group between individual observation times (p < 0.001; T1: MW = 2.67, SD = 1.352; T2: MW = 3.66, SD = 1.365; T3: MW = 3.10, SD = 1.300) and a significantly lower negative expression of social participation at T2 (MW = 1.09, SD = 0.358) than at T1 (MW = 1.19, SD = 0.579; p = 0.028). There was a significantly higher positive expression of behavioral involvement in the overall group at T3 (MW = 1.17, SD = 0.552) than at T1 (p = 0.003) or T2 (p = 0.045). Analyses did not find any significant interaction between observation times and degree of dementia.

Discussion

Results of the study show that the use of Tovertafel® over a period of 2 months had significant effects on apathy, social activity and social interaction in people with moderate or severe dementia. Symptoms of apathy could be reduced and social interaction and activity increased. However, due to limitations of the study design and special circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic situation, findings might be overestimated and must be interpreted with care. Further research is necessary.
The safety and efficacy of applying a high-current temporal interference electrical stimulation in humans
Authors: Wang Yan , Zeng Ginger Qinghong , Wang Mengmeng , Zhang Mingsong , Chang Chuangchuang , Liu Qiongwei , Wang Keqing , Ma Ru , Wang Ying , Zhang Xiaochu
Published: November 2024

Background

Temporal interference electrical stimulation (TI) is promise in targeting deep brain regions focally. However, limited electric field intensity challenges its efficacy.

Objective

This study aimed to introduce a high-current TI electrical stimulation protocol to enhance its intensity and evaluate its safety and efficacy when applied to the primary motor cortex (M1) in the human brain.

Methods

Safety assessments included a battery of biochemical and neuropsychological tests (NSE, MoCA, PPT, VAMS-R, and SAS measurements), 5-min resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) recordings before and after 30-min high-current TI electrical stimulation sessions (20 Hz, 70 Hz, sham). Adverse reactions were also documented post-stimulation. Efficacy evaluations involved two motor tasks, the simple reaction time (SRT) task and the one-increment task, to investigate the distinct contributions of beta (20 Hz) and gamma (70 Hz) oscillations to motor functions.

Results

Biochemical and neuropsychological tests revealed no significant differences between the groups. Additionally, no epileptic activities were detected in the EEG recordings. In the one-increment task, 20 Hz stimulation delayed participants’ reaction time compared to the 70 Hz and sham groups. Conversely, in the SRT task, 70 Hz stimulation exhibited a tendency to enhance participants’ performance relative to the sham group.

Conclusion

The proposed high-current TI electrical stimulation is both safe and effective for stimulating the human brain. Moreover, the distinct effects observed in motor tasks underscore the dissociative roles of beta and gamma oscillations in motor functions, offering valuable insights into the potential applications of high-current TI electrical stimulation in brain stimulation research.
Effects of different orchard tree pruning residues on the yield and nutrient composition of Lentinus edodes
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Li Quanshun , Duan Longfei , Ding Jian , Li Yue , Wang Yong , Xu Hongyan , Qin Baofu
Published: November 2024

Introduction

As the scale of Lentinus edodes cultivation expands, challenges such as substrate shortages and rising production costs in mushroom cultivation have become increasingly prominent. Fruit tree pruning residue has the potential to serve as an alternative substrate, offering a sustainable solution. This study evaluates the feasibility of incorporating various types of fruit tree pruning residues into L. edodes cultivation.

Methods

Different ratios of Quercus sawdust (QS), Malus pumila pruning (MPP), Vitis vinifera pruning (VVP), Actinidia deliciosa pruning (ADP), Ziziphus jujuba pruning (ZJP), and Morus alba pruning (MAP) were tested as substrates. The effects on yield, amino acid profiles, and protein content of L. edodes fruiting bodies were analyzed. The control substrate comprised 80% QS, and the experimental groups incorporated varying ratios of fruit tree residues.

Results

Compared with the control, yields increased by 14.86% (QS-MPP), 8.1% (QS-VVP), 18.92% (QS-ZJP), and 22.97% (QS-MAP). The MAP group had 21.21% higher ash content, while the QS-MAP group exhibited the highest crude protein content (10.84% increase). The QS-MPP group showed the highest crude fiber content (1.72 g/100 g). Crude polysaccharide and fat contents in the ZJP group increased by 110.77% and 10.15%, respectively. Mineral content varied, with QS-MPP showing the highest calcium, potassium, manganese, and magnesium levels, and VVP exhibiting the highest iron and copper levels. Amino acid analysis revealed QS-MPP had the highest levels of threonine, valine, isoleucine, serine, cysteine, glycine, and histidine, while QS-VVP had the highest leucine, aspartate, glutamate, and arginine levels. The best formulation was determined as 40% QS, 40% MPP, 17% bran, 1% sucrose, 1% CaCO3, and 1% gypsum.

Discussion

These results highlight the potential of fruit tree pruning residues as a sustainable substrate for L. edodes cultivation, ensuring high yields and enhanced nutritional quality. This approach can contribute to cost-effective and environmentally friendly mushroomproduction.
Omega-3 LC-PUFA consumption is now recommended for women of childbearing age and during pregnancy to protect against preterm and early preterm birth: implementing this recommendation in a sustainable manner
Authors: Baker Ella J. , Calder Philip C. , Kermack Alex J. , Brown Jonathan E. , Mustapha Moriam , Kitson-Reynolds Ellen , Garvey Josephine J.
Published: November 2024

Preterm birth (delivery prior to 37 weeks) appears to be rising globally, increasing the risk of a myriad of down-stream disorders which affect families, their offspring and society, including increased morbidity, mortality and economic costs. Strategies for prevention of preterm birth have therefore become a priority among healthcare providers. One proposed strategy is increased consumption of Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (from food or supplements) in women of childbearing age and during pregnancy. It is hypothesized that Omega-3 LC-PUFAs, through several different actions, reduce the risk of early onset labor or lengthen gestation. An expert group, acting on behalf of several relevant organizations, recently published guidance based on compelling trial evidence for increased Omega-3 LC-PUFA intake to protect women of childbearing age and during pregnancy from preterm birth (PTB) and early preterm birth (ePTB). Here, we consider how this guidance can be achieved in a sustainable manner. We present data on suitable, efficacious alternatives to fish as a source of Omega-3 LC-PUFAs, so that while aiming to protect families and society against PTB and ePTB there is no increased burden on other species on our vulnerable planet. Finally, how the guidance can be implemented in practice is discussed, with consideration for those most at risk and effective ways of communicating this important message.
Metabolic checkpoints in glioblastomas: targets for new therapies and non-invasive detection
Authors: Li Wenhao , Wang Zhihao , Chen Siliang , Zuo Mingrong , Xiang Yufan , Yuan Yunbo , He Yuze , Zhang Shuxin , Liu Yanhui
Published: November 2024

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly malignant tumor of the central nervous system that remains intractable despite advancements in current tumor treatment modalities, including immunotherapy. In recent years, metabolic checkpoints (aberrant metabolic pathways underlying the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment) have gained attention as promising therapeutic targets and sensitive biomarkers across various cancers. Here, we briefly review the existing understanding of tumor metabolic checkpoints and their implications in the biology and management of GBM. Additionally, we discuss techniques that could evaluate metabolic checkpoints of GBM non-invasively, thereby potentially facilitating neo-adjuvant treatment and dynamic surveillance.
Effects of pharmacogenomics-guided treatment on medication adherence and the antidepressant switching rate in major depressive disorder
Authors: Chen Chaoli , Lun Yang , Yu Jing , Zhao Xiaochuan , Su Shi , Zhao Mengqiang , Yan Yuhang , Wang Jiaqi , Fu Ran , An Feiyue , Duan Liguang , Yan Leting , Li Ruxing , Li Jinxiao , Liu Ziyu , Geng Xiaoying , Wang Jincheng , Zhao Yuanyuan , Zhou Chunhua
Published: November 2024

Background

In the treatment of depression, medication plays a crucial role. However, insufficient patient adherence to medication often results in unsatisfactory treatment outcomes, increasing both the recurrence and rehospitalization rates of depression, and consequently imposing a greater economic burden on the healthcare system.

Objectives

Our objective was to examine the impact of pharmacogenomic testing on medication adherence and antidepressant switching rates among individuals diagnosed with depression.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study encompassed patients diagnosed with depression who were admitted to the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University between April 2022 and September 2023. Patients were categorized into a pharmacogenomics-guided treatment (PGxT) group and a treatment as usual (TAU) group based on whether pharmacogenetic testing was conducted. The primary outcome measures included the proportion of patients exhibiting medication adherence greater than 80% at three and 6 months post-discharge, as well as the proportion of patients experiencing changes in their prescribed medication types.

Results

A total of 310 patients in the PGxT group and TAU group were obtained through propensity score matching. Among the 620 patients in both groups, 57.42% demonstrated good adherence (≥80%) at 3 months; this percentage dropped to 31.45% at 6 months. At 3 months of observation, the percentages of patients demonstrating good adherence were significantly different between the groups (64.52% in the PGxT group vs. 50.32% in the TAU group; p < 0.001). The difference was also significant after 6 months (38.06% in the PGxT group vs. 24.84% in the TAU group; p < 0.001). Furthermore, patients receiving PGxT (20.64%) exhibited a lower rate of antidepressant conversion compared to those receiving TAU (31.29%).

Conclusion

The findings of this study indicate that pharmacogenomics testing positively influences treatment adherence and may decrease the need to switch medications among patients with depression.
Developmental coordination disorder subtypes also vary in the pattern of behavioral and emotional problems
Authors: Schoemaker M. M. , Lust J. M. , Steenbergen B. , Houwen S. , Diepstraten J. E. M. , Wilson P. H. , Poelma M.
Published: November 2024

Background

Behavioral and emotional problems in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) are well documented. However, the heterogeneity of this group has been largely overlooked. Addressing this gap is important to develop individually-tailored interventions.

Aims

Our three aims were to assess: (i) behavioral and emotional problems in children with DCD; (ii) behavioral and emotional problems in subtypes of DCD, and (iii) the context-specificity of these problems (home/school).

Methods and procedure

Data were extracted from the medical records of a large sample of 93 children with DCD (79 boys, mean age 8.3) referred to a rehabilitation center. Behavioral and emotional problems were assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Teacher Report Form (TRF).

Outcomes and results

Two-third of the children presented with behavioral and emotional problems according to both parents and teachers. The subtypes with generalized motor problems were most affected, while the subtype with gross-motor problems was least affected. Children presented with more problems at home than at school.

Conclusion and implications

Given the frequent occurrence of behavioral and emotional problems, clinicians should tailor their interventions to these problems in DCD. Knowledge of subtypes can inform these decisions.
Dark Triad and relational aggression: the mediating role of relative deprivation and hostile attribution bias
Authors: Jiang Yongzhi , Tong Lifang , Cao Wenjiao , Wang Huizhe
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Relational aggression, as a distinct form of aggressive behavior in social relationships, is associated with various physiological and psychological disorders. Although previous research has provided theoretical support for the connection between the Dark Triad (Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism) and relational aggression, the mediating factors between the two still require in-depth exploration. This study employed a cross-sectional research method to examine the mediating roles of relative deprivation and hostile attribution bias between the Dark Triad and relational aggression.

Method

This research employed the Dark Triad scale, the relational aggression scale, the relative deprivation scale, and the hostile attribution bias scale to conduct a self-reported questionnaire survey involving 1,968 students from two universities in China.

Results

The Dark Triad traits significantly predicted relational aggression. The mediating role of relative deprivation was significant in the relationship between these traits and relational aggression. Hostile attribution bias mediated the relationship between Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and relational aggression, but not between narcissism and relational aggression. Additionally, the serial mediating role of relative deprivation and hostile attribution bias was significant between the Dark Triad traits and relational aggression.

Discussion

This study not only verified the relationship between the Dark Triad and relational aggression but also identified mediating factors providing new useful information for effectively explaining and intervening in malignant interpersonal relationships.
Heterogeneous effects of socio-economic status on social engagement level among Chinese older adults: evidence from CHARLS 2020
Authors: Li Wenjia , Zhang Xinni , Gao Han , Tang Qinghe
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Older adults benefit from social connections as it aids in their adjustment to the physical and psychological changes that come with aging, thereby improving their health, well-being, and overall quality of life.

Methods

This study utilizes data from the 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) to investigate the influence of Socio-economic Status (SES) on the social activity levels of older persons and the disparities observed among demographic groups, employing the Heckman two-stage analysis and heterogeneity analysis.

Results

The results indicate that SES has a significant positive impact on the social engagement of older adults, and this effect varies across different older groups, with women, married individuals living with a spouse, urban residents, those aged 70–79, and individuals with average health conditions.

Discussion

To effectively address the social needs of older adults, it is essential to prioritize integrating cohesive structural methods that improve social connections. Establishing solid and sustainable social support mechanisms and meeting the social needs of older adults across various SES and demographic groups are crucial in promoting active and healthy aging.
Maternal Big Five personality traits and breastfeeding outcomes: what we know and what we don’t know
Authors: Bessey Donata
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Exclusive breastfeeding—feeding an infant only breast milk for the first 6 months of life—is recognized as the preventive intervention with the greatest potential to reduce child mortality. However, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that only 44% of all infants globally are exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of life. Research into the barriers to meeting this goal of exclusive breastfeeding suggests an important role for sociodemographic factors. Maternal personality traits, another possible factor affecting infant feeding outcomes, have received relatively sparse attention from researchers and are the focus of this mini-review.

Methods

Three databases and one peer-reviewed journal in lactation that was not included in either were systematically searched. Studies that analyzed the relationship between maternal Big Five personality traits and breastfeeding or lactation outcomes were included in this mini-review. In addition, the reference sections of all included studies were searched for other possible matches, resulting in one more study being included.

Results

Eleven studies dating from 2006 to 2022 met the criteria for inclusion in this mini-review. In total, they included n = 19,425 participants. Due to the differences in methodology, statistical analysis, and breastfeeding outcomes analyzed, they were summarized using a narrative synthesis.

Conclusion

There were no emerging patterns regarding associations between Big Five personality traits and breastfeeding outcomes. While personality traits may play a role, their influence might be moderated by other factors, including other psychological, social, and demographic variables. More studies employing state-of-the-art research design and analysis methods are needed to see whether patterns will emerge.
Identifying feature genes of chickens with different feather pecking tendencies based on three machine learning algorithms and WGCNA
Authors: Wen Jiying , Yang Shenglin , Zhu Jinjin , Liu Ai , Tan Qisong , Rao Yifu
Published: November 2024

Feather pecking (FP) is a significant welfare concern in poultry, which can result in reduced egg production, deterioration of feather condition, and an increase in mortality rate. This can harm the health of birds and the economic benefits of breeders. FP, as a complex trait, is regulated by multiple factors, and so far, no one has been able to elucidate its exact mechanism. In order to delve deeper into the genetic mechanism of FP, we acquired the expression matrix of dataset GSE36559. We analyzed the gene modules associated with the trait through WGCNA (Weighted correlation network analysis), and then used KEGG and GO to identify the biological pathways enriched by the modules using KEGG and GO. Subsequently, we analyzed the module with the highest correlation (0.99) using three machine learning (ML) algorithms to identify the feature genes that they collectively recognized. In this study, five feature genes, NUFIP2, ST14, OVM, GLULD1, and LOC424943, were identified. Finally, the discriminant value of the feature genes was evaluated by manipulating the receiver operating curve (ROC) in the external dataset GSE10380.
Numerical Analysis of Cold Spray Process for Creation of Pin Fin Geometries
Authors: Nasire Najim , Jadidi Mehdi , Dolatabadi Ali
Published: November 2024

A numerical study was performed to analyze the particle deposition of a cold spray process for the preparation of nickel electrocatalysts used in the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER). The study focused on the creation of fin-shaped geometries with an optimal porosity on the electrode surface using a mask located between the nozzle exit and the substrate. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was performed on a three-dimensional high-pressure nozzle, with nickel powder used as the injection feedstock. The behavior of particles was effectively modeled through a two-way coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian approach. As per the parametric study, four masks of varying wire thicknesses and opening sizes were investigated. The masks were placed at 4 mm increments from the nozzle exit, with the substrate placed at standoff distances (SODs) of 10 mm and 20 mm. To capture the effects of the gas inlet operating conditions, two different nozzle inlet conditions were analyzed (2 MPa and 400 °C, 4 MPa and 800 °C). It was found that the nozzle inlet operating condition had the most significant impact, as it relates to the particle velocity and powder deposition. The high-pressure operating condition resulted in a deposition efficiency (DE) greater than 99.9% for all the test cases, with nearly all the impacted particles depositing on the substrate. For the medium-pressure operating condition, the DE increased linearly as the mask SOD was increased, due to the increase in the particle velocity upon impact.
A Hierarchical Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach for Throughput Maximization in Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Aided Unmanned Aerial Vehicle–Integrated Sensing and Communication Network
Authors: Chen Haitao , Miao Jiansong , Wang Ruisong , Li Hao , Zhang Xiaodan
Published: November 2024

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is considered a key technology supporting Beyond-5G/6G (B5G/6G) networks, which allows the spectrum resources to be used for both sensing and communication. In this paper, we investigate an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-enabled ISAC scenario, where the UAV sends ISAC signals to communicate with multiple users (UEs) and senses potential targets simultaneously, and a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is deployed to enhance the communication performance. Aiming at maximizing the sum-rate throughput of the system, we formulate the joint optimization problem of the trajectory and the beamforming matrix of the UAV, the passive beamforming matrix of the RIS. Currently, many researchers are working on using deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to address such problems due to its non-convex nature; however, as the environment becomes increasingly complex, high-dimensional state space and action space lead to a decrease in the performance of DRL. To tackle this issue, we propose a novel hierarchical deep reinforcement learning (HDRL) framework to solve the optimization problem. Through decomposing the original problem into the trajectory optimization problem and the sum-rate throughput optimization problem, we adopt a hierarchical twin-delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (HTD3) structure to optimize them alternately. The experimental results demonstrate that the obtained system sum-rate throughputs of the proposed HDRL with an HTD3 structure are 33%, 50%, and 10% higher than those obtained by TD3, twin-TD3 (TTD3), and TD3 with hovering only (TD3HO), respectively.
Scheduling a Fleet of Dynamic EV Chargers for Maximal Profile
Authors: Alaskar Shorooq , Younis Mohamed
Published: November 2024

The proliferation of electric vehicles (EVs) faces obstacles like range anxiety and inadequate charging infrastructure. To address these challenges, dynamic EV-to-EV charging technology has emerged. This innovative method enables one EV with surplus battery to charge another EV while both are in motion. This study focuses on efficiently pairing and routing energy suppliers (ESs) to meet energy requesters (ERs) and transfer energy via platooning. The key objective is to manage the ES fleet effectively, framed as a vehicle routing problem, to maximize profit by serving as many energy requests as possible. We formulate the problem as an integer programming model within a time-space network and propose a local search-based heuristic algorithm designed to efficiently handle large-scale networks. Numerical experiments conducted on Sioux Falls validate the efficacy of our approach, allowing for an assessment of algorithm performance under realistic large-scale conditions. The findings illustrate enhancements in ER travel time and energy overhead, alongside maximized profits for ESs.
Importance Evaluation of Power Grid Transmission Lines Based on Multidimensional Information Feature Mapping
Authors: Chen Keji , Tie Yingqi , Li Maohua
Published: November 2024

The importance evaluation of power grid transmission lines is crucial for preventing catastrophic grid failures, enhancing grid resilience, and ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power system. To address the limitations in existing transmission line evaluation methods, such as reliance on single evaluation metrics, insufficient consideration of information transmission between adjacent lines, and the impact of line failures on system load loss, this paper proposes a comprehensive evaluation method based on multidimensional information feature mapping. First, evaluation metrics are established from three dimensions—power transmission characteristics, grid network structure, and resilience improvement—each reflecting the importance of transmission lines from different perspectives. Then, a hybrid weighting method is introduced, combining subjective and objective weights through a game theory approach to calculate the comprehensive weights, enabling the multidimensional information-based importance evaluation of transmission lines. Finally, an improved network efficiency index, representing the current operational performance of the grid, is developed to validate the proposed evaluation method. A simulation analysis using the IEEE-39 bus test system verifies the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed approach.
Design and Simulation of a Novel Modular Converter-Transformer for AC/DC, DC/AC and DC/DC Operations
Authors: Castelli Dezza Francesco , Toscani Nicola , Benvenuti Matteo , Tagliaretti Riccardo , Agnetta Vincenzo , Amatruda Mattia , De Maria Samuel
Published: November 2024

This manuscript describes the research and the development of a novel family of modular AC/DC, DC/AC and DC/DC converters for high-voltage interconnections between AC and DC lines or between two DC lines. Such devices are bidirectional and they integrate a three-phase power transformer. The relationship existing between AC and DC voltages in each module for rectifier and inverter operations is analogous to the one set in single-phase thyristor bridges. Due to the novelty of this topic, a low-voltage, low-power prototype was sized to make a first validation of its predicted behavior. This converter should realize all the operating modes allowed by the new family of devices, namely, AC/DC, DC/AC and DC/DC conversions. Its rated phase voltage is 230 V rms and it should be able to carry at least 1 kW. Thus, a switching model of the device was realized first. The simulated behavior of this prototype is deeply discussed in this paper during steady-state, transient and DC-fault operations.
Stochastic Pulse-Width Modulation and Modification of Direct Torque Control Based on a Three-Level Neutral-Point Clamped Inverter
Authors: Yurievich Vasilev Bogdan , Hien Nguyen The
Published: November 2024

The three-level neutral-point clamped inverter represents a significant advancement in direct torque-control systems for asynchronous motors. A significant achievement of this study lies in the comprehensive analysis of a random frequency-modulation algorithm, which demonstrates its efficacy in substantially reducing the amplitude of harmonic oscillations and minimizing switching losses. This simplifies filter design and minimizes thermal dissipation in power transistors, thereby enhancing the overall reliability and efficiency of the system. Additionally, the implementation of a six-position torque regulator with a fixed sensitivity zone, applied in direct torque control based on the three-level inverter, improves the stability of the stator flux linkage and reduces the switching frequency of transistors. Numerical simulations conducted in the Matlab/Simulink environment indicate that the proposed algorithm reduces switching losses by 15% during transient states and by 2% during steady-state operation while increasing the system’s efficiency by 2% compared to conventional methods. These findings highlight the potential of the proposed solutions for application in energy-efficient drive systems.
Distribution of the p66Shc Adaptor Protein Among Mitochondrial and Mitochondria—Associated Membranes Fractions in Normal and Oxidative Stress Conditions
Authors: Lebiedzinska-Arciszewska Magdalena , Pakula Barbara , Bonora Massimo , Missiroli Sonia , Potes Yaiza , Jakubek-Olszewska Patrycja , Simoes Ines C. M. , Pinton Paolo , Wieckowski Mariusz R.
Published: November 2024

p66Shc is an adaptor protein and one of the cellular fate regulators since it modulates mitogenic signaling pathways, mitochondrial function, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. p66Shc is localized mostly in the cytosol and endoplasmic reticulum (ER); however, under oxidative stress, p66Shc is post-translationally modified and relocates to mitochondria. p66Shc was found in the intermembrane space, where it interacts with cytochrome c, contributing to the hydrogen peroxide generation by the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Our previous studies suggested that p66Shc is localized also in mitochondria-associated membranes (MAM). MAM fraction consists of mitochondria and mostly ER membranes. Contact sites between ER and mitochondria host proteins involved in multiple processes including calcium homeostasis, apoptosis, and autophagy regulation. Thus, p66Shc in MAM could participate in processes related to cell fate determination. Due to reports on various and conditional p66Shc intracellular localization, in the present paper, we describe the allocation of p66Shc pools in different subcellular compartments in mouse liver tissue and HepG2 cell culture. We provide additional evidence for p66Shc localization in MAM. In the present study, we use precisely purified subcellular fraction isolated by differential centrifugation-based protocol from control mouse liver tissue and HepG2 cells and from cells treated with hydrogen peroxide to promote mitochondrial p66Shc translocation. We performed controlled digestion of crude mitochondrial fraction, in which the degradation patterns of p66Shc and MAM fraction marker proteins were comparable. Moreover, we assessed the distribution of the individual ShcA isoforms (p46Shc, p52Shc, and p66Shc) in the subcellular fractions and their contribution to the total ShcA in control mice livers and HepG2 cells. In conclusion, we showed that a substantial pool of p66Shc protein resides in MAM in control conditions and after oxidative stress induction.
Mitochondrial Dynamics in Brain Cells During Normal and Pathological Aging
Authors: Sukhorukov Vladimir S. , Baranich Tatiana I. , Egorova Anna V. , Akateva Anastasia V. , Okulova Kseniia M. , Ryabova Maria S. , Skvortsova Krisitina A. , Dmitriev Oscar V. , Mudzhiri Natalia M. , Voronkov Dmitry N. , Illarioshkin Sergey N.
Published: November 2024

Mitochondrial dynamics significantly play a major role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. The dysregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and function, characterized by impaired fission and fusion processes mediated by a number of proteins, in particular, Drp1, Mfn1, Mfn2, Opa1, and PGC-1α, contributes to neuronal vulnerability and degeneration. Insufficient mitophagy and disrupted mitochondrial transport exacerbate oxidative stress and neurotoxicity. Emerging therapeutic strategies that target mitochondrial dynamics, including various pharmacological agents, demonstrate potential for restoring mitochondrial balance and enhancing neuroprotection. This growing body of research underscores the importance of mitochondrial health in developing effective interventions for neurodegenerative conditions. This review highlights well-established links between the disruption of mitochondrial dynamics and the development of neurodegenerative processes. We also discuss different therapeutic strategies that target mitochondrial function in neurons that have been proposed as perspective neuroprotective treatments.
A Decision Tree Model Using Urine Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers for Predicting Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction in Females
Authors: Jiang Yuan-Hong , Jhang Jia-Fong , Wang Jen-Hung , Wu Ya-Hui , Kuo Hann-Chorng
Published: November 2024

Lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) was associated with bladder inflammation and tissue hypoxia with oxidative stress. The objective of the present study was to investigate the profiles of urine inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in females with LUTD and to develop a urine biomarker-based decision tree model for the prediction. Urine samples were collected from 31 female patients with detrusor overactivity (DO), 45 with dysfunctional voiding (DV), and 114 with bladder pain syndrome (BPS). The targeted analytes included 15 inflammatory cytokines and 3 oxidative stress biomarkers (8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosin, 8-isoprostane, and total antioxidant capacity [TAC]). Different female LUTD groups had distinct urine inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarker profiles, including IL-1β, IL-2, IL-8, IL-10, eotaxin, CXCL10, MIP-1β, RANTES, TNFα, VEGF, NGF, BDNF, 8-isoprostane, and TAC. The urine biomarker-based decision tree, using IL-8, IL-10, CXCL10, TNFα, NGF, and BDNF as nodes, demonstrated an overall accuracy rate of 85.3%. The DO, DV, and BPS accuracy rates were 74.2%, 73.3%, and 93.0%, respectively. Internal validation revealed a similar overall accuracy rate. Random forest models supported the significance and importance of all selected nodes in this decision tree model. The inter-individual variations and the presence of extreme values in urine biomarker levels were the limitations of this study. In conclusion, urine inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarker profiles of different female LUTDs were different. This internally validated urine biomarker-based decision tree model predicted different female LUTDs with high accuracy.
Platelet-Rich Plasma in Diabetic Foot Ulcer Healing: Contemplating the Facts
Authors: Smith Jacob , Rai Vikrant
Published: November 2024

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), debilitating complication of diabetes, often lead to amputation even in the presence of current advanced treatment for DFUs. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) containing growth factors and other proteins has been suggested as a potent therapeutic in promoting DFU healing. PRP is safe and effective in improving the DFU healing rate, decreasing healing time, and making chronic wounds viable for treatment. Though PRP is safe and effective in promoting DFU healing, there are inconsistencies in clinical outcomes. These varying results may be due to various concentrations of PRP being used. Most studies report dosage and timing, but none have reported the concentration of various factors. This is important, as the concentration of factors in PRP can vary significantly with each preparation and may directly impact the healing outcome. This critical review discusses the limiting factors and issues related to PRP therapy and future directives. A systematic search of PubMed and Google Scholar was performed with keywords including diabetic foot ulcer, ulcer healing, platelet-rich plasma, DFU treatment, and PRP limitations and efficacy, alone or in combination, to search the related articles. The articles describing DFU and the use of PRP in DFU healing were included. The existing literature suggests that PRP is effective and safe for promoting DFU healing, but larger clinical trials are needed to improve clinical outcomes. There is a need to consider multiple factors including the role of epigenetics, lifestyle modification, and the percentage composition of each constituent in PRP.
Molecular Mechanisms of Phosphate Use Efficiency in Arabidopsis via Penicillium olsonii TLL1
Authors: Agisha Valiya Nadakkakath , Suraby Erinjery Jose , Dhandapani Savitha , Sng Yee Hwui , Lim Shi Hui , Park Bong Soo
Published: November 2024

Beneficial fungi are promising tools for enhancing plant growth and crop yield in stressful environments. Penicillium olsonii TLL1 (POT1) was identified as a potential biofertilizer enhancing plant growth and phosphate use efficiency especially under phosphate deficiency stress. Hence, we attempted to explore bioinformatic insights into how POT1 enhances plant growth under phosphate starvation. In our study, wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia-0 roots and shoots cultivated with POT1 under phosphate-limiting conditions were employed for comparative analyses. By integrating transcriptomic and proteomic data, we identified key molecular pathways regulated by POT1 that influenced phosphate acquisition and plant stress tolerance. Comprehensive RNA-seq analysis revealed significant upregulation of genes involved in phosphate transport, root architecture, and stress-related pathways, while proteome profiling further highlighted proteins associated with lipid remodeling, phosphate metabolism, and phytohormone signaling. Bioinformatic analyses of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and proteins (DEPs) elucidated the complex regulatory networks at both transcriptional and translational levels, with key contributions from auxin and ethylene signaling. Our study demonstrated that POT1-treated plants exhibited enhanced root development and nutrient uptake under phosphate-deficient conditions, driven by the coordinated regulation of phosphate solubilization genes and stress-responsive proteins. Our findings underscore the potential of multi-omics approaches in unraveling the molecular mechanisms behind plant–microbe interactions, with implications for improving sustainable agricultural practices.
2024 Update on Cerebral Embolic Protection After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Gasior Tomasz
Published: November 2024

Cerebral embolic protection (CEP) during transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has emerged as an important tool in reducing stroke risk associated with this intervention. With the recent expansion of TAVR into lower-risk populations, the role of preventive strategies gained greater significance. Despite advancements in TAVR technologies, peri-procedural stroke remains a significant complication, with rates ranging between 2 and 5%. CEP devices, introduced at the time of the procedure, have been developed to capture embolic debris and reduce the risk of neurological events. However, while MRI-detected embolic debris is commonly captured by these devices, the clinical benefit in reducing stroke remains debated. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent advances in relevant clinical research and CEP device development, offering recommendations for future studies to improve patient outcomes.
Compression Behavior of Dental Flowable Composites—Digital Image Correlation and Numerical Analysis
Authors: Chojnacka-Brożek Agnieszka , Liber-Kneć Aneta , Łagan Sylwia
Published: November 2024

In the development of restorative materials, it is important to evaluate the elastic properties of the material in order to achieve good clinical results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the compression behavior of two dental flowable materials (EverX Flow and Flow-Art) using experimental methods and numerical simulation. The Poisson’s ratio was determined using two methods of strain measurement: the electrical strain gauge method (ESG) and digital image correlation (DIC). Material constants determined in experimental studies were implemented in a numerical model, and displacement analysis was conducted using the finite element method (FEM). The tests showed higher compressive strength and modulus of elasticity for EverX Flow compared to Flow-Art. The values of the Poisson’s ratio were similar for both measurement methods, ranging from 0.27 to 0.28 for EverX Flow and from 0.30 to 0.32 for Flow-Art. This demonstrated the feasibility of the DIC method for obtaining the Poisson’s ratio values for this type of composites. Compression test conditions were reproduced in the numerical analysis. The obtained distributions of the displacement field on the surface of the sample from the DIC and numerical analyses were compared. A good match was observed between DIC displacement measurements and displacement values obtained in FEM analysis. The comprehensive approach used in the study allows us to analyze whether the results obtained in the numerical simulation correspond to the material response to the applied load and validate the model.