bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incident type 2 diabetes and risk of fracture: a comparative cohort analysis using UK primary care records
Authors: Davie Gabrielle S , Pal Kingshuk , Orton Elizabeth , Tyrrell Edward G , Petersen Irene
Published: November 2020

Objective To estimate
risk of fracture in men and women with recent diagnosis of type 2 diabetes
compared to individuals without diabetes.

Research Design and Methods In this cohort
study we used routinely-collected UK primary care data from The Health
Improvement Network. In adults (>35 years) diagnosed with type 2 diabetes between
2004-2013 fractures sustained until 2019 were identified and compared to fractures
sustained in individuals without diabetes. Multivariable models estimated time
to first fracture following diagnosis of diabetes. Annual prevalence rates included at least one fracture in a given year.

Results Among
174,244 individuals with incident type 2 diabetes and 747,290 without diabetes,
there was no increased risk of fracture among males with diabetes (adjusted
hazards ratio (aHR) 0.97 (95%CI 0.94, 1.00)) and a small reduced risk among
females (aHR 0.94, (95%CI 0.92, 0.96)). In those aged
85 years and over those in the diabetes cohort were at significantly lower risk
of incident fracture (Males: aHR 0.85, 95%CI
0.71, 1.00; Females: aHR 0.85, 95%CI 0.78, 0.94). For those in the most
deprived areas, aHRs were 0.90 (95%CI 0.83, 0.98) for males and 0.91 (95%CI
0.85, 0.97) for females. Annual fracture prevalence rates, by sex, were similar
for those with and without type 2 diabetes.

Conclusion We
found no evidence to suggest a higher risk
of fracture following diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. After a diagnosis of type 2
diabetes individuals should be encouraged to make positive lifestyle changes,
including undertaking weight-bearing physical activities that improve bone
health.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN NUMBERED HEAD TOGETHER (NHT) TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MENGIDENTIFIKASI STRUKTUR DAN UNSUR TEKS DRAMA SISWA KELAS XI SMA NEGERI 2 BINJAI TAHUN PEMBELAJARAN 2019/2020
Authors: Rangkuti Nabilah Ananda , Lubis Fitriani
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Numbered Heads Together (NHT) terhadap mengidentifikasi struktur dan unsur teks drama siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 2 Binjai tahun pembelajaran 2019/2020. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 2 Binjai tahun pembelajaran 2019/2020 yang terdiri dari 12 kelas dengan jumlah 404 siswa. Sampel yang diambil adalah kelas XI PMS 6 berjumlah 30 siswa. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan bentuk eksperimen  dan  penelitian deskriptif dengan tipe tes awal-tes akhir kelompok tunggal (the one group pre-test-post-test). Nilai rata-rata pre-test siswa yaitu sebesar 60,00 dengan kategori kurang dan tidak memenuhi KKM yang ditentukan pihak sekolah yaitu sebesar 75, sedangkan nilai rata-rata post-test siswa yaitu sebesar 82,77 dengan kategori baik dan telah memenuhi KKM. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, diperoleh bahwa data berdistribusi normal. Setelah dilakukan perhitungan uji normalitas Lhitung>Ltabel pada taraf signifikan, hasil uji normalitas data pre-test adalah (0,159< 0,161), hasil uji normalitas data post-test adalah (0,131< 0,161). Hasil uji homogenitas kemampuan mengidentifikasi struktur dan unsur teks drama adalah Fhitung < Ftabel yakni 3,11<4,17 dan uji hipotesis thitung > ttabel yaitu 7,87> 2,045, sehingga hipotesis nihil (H0) ditolak dan hipotesis alternatif (Ha) diterima. Jadi, dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran Numbered Heads Together (NHT)  memiliki pengaruh terhadap kemampuan mengidentifikasi struktur dan unsur teks drama siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 2 Binjai tahun pembelajaran 2019/2020.
ANALISIS FAKTOR KESULITAN BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN BIOLOGI DI KELAS X IPA SMA NEGERI 4 KISARAN
Authors: Helentina Helentina , Pulungan Ahmad Shafwan S , Sinaga Arlina
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesulitan belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran biologi. Jenispenelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriftif kuantitatif. Sampel digunakan secara Total Sampling yang meliputi, 34orang siswa kelas X IPA-1, 34 orang siswa kelas X IPA -2, 33 orang siswa kelas X IPA-3, 33 orang siswa kelas X IPA-4,dan 31 orang siswa kelas X IPA-5. Instrumen penelitian lembar angket sebanyak 40 pertanyaan. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa siswa mengalami kesulitan belajar pada setiap aspek. Faktor internal yang menjadi penyebabkesulitan belajar siswa adalah faktor intelegensi, perhatian siswa, motivasi, minat, kesehatan. Sedangkan faktoreksternal yang menyebabkan siswa mengalami kesulitan belajar adalah alat pelajaran, lingkungan sekolah, media,metode/strategi mengajar guru, orangtua.Kata kunci : kesulitan belajar
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN LITERASI SAINS MAHASISWA MELALUI PENERAPAN MODEL PROBLEM SOLVING LABORATORY PADA MATAKULIAH PRAKTIKUM BIOLOGI SISTEM
Authors: Simatupang Halim , Aryeni Aryeni , Purnama Dirga
Published: November 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah 1) Untuk mengembangkan penuntun praktikum dan pedoman penilaianpraktikum biologi sistem dengan implementasi model Problem Solving Laboratory untuk meningkatkankemampuan literasi sains; 2) Mendeskripsikan proses praktikum biologi sistem dengan implementasi modelProblem Solving Laboratory untuk meningkatkan kemampuan literasi sains., 3) Mendeskripsikan peningkatanliterasi sains mahasiswa. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif, dengan pendekatan Penelitian danPengembangan (Research and Development), Model Dick, Carey, & Carey. Analisis data dalam penelitian iniadalah deskriptif, yaitu menjelaskan suatu permasalahan gejala, atau keadaan sebagaimana adanya data yangdiperoleh dalam penelitian ini adalah data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian a) Rerata Ranah sikap dan berpikir ilmiahpraktikum biologi sistem berbasis problem solving laboratory pada praktikum pertama dengan judul uji Glukosadengan fehling A dan B yaitu kelompok 1 sebesar 48,8%, kelompok 2 sebesar 47,6%, kelompok 3 sebesar48,4%, dan kelompok 4 sebesar 35,3%. Pada praktikum kedua dengan judul uji Yodin pada amilum yaitu yaitukelompok 1 sebesar 84,2%, kelompok 2 sebesar 83,7%, kelompok 3 sebesar 85%, dan kelompok 4 sebesar85,1% dengan rerata peningkatan sekitar 34,8%; b) Rerata ranah keterampilan proses sains praktikum biologisistem berbasis problem solving laboratory pada praktikum pertama dengan judul uji Glukosa dengan fehling Adan B yaitu kelompok 1 sebesar 65%, kelompok 2 sebesar 60%, kelompok 3 sebesar 67,5%, dan kelompok 4sebesar 70%. Pada praktikum kedua dengan judul uji Yodin pada amilum yaitu kelompok 1 sebesar 87,5%,kelompok 2 sebesar 82,5%, kelompok 3 sebesar 85%, dan kelompok 4 sebesar 90% dengan rerata peningkatansekitar 20,65%. Peningkatan literasi sains yang dipengaruhi oleh penerapan model problem solving laboratorydilihat dilihat dari 2 aspek yaitu 1) peningkatan sikap dan berpikir ilmiah sekitar 34,8% dan 2) Keterampilanproses sains dengan peningkatan sekitar 20,65%.Kata Kunci: problem solving laboratory, Literasi Sains
ANAL ISIS GAYA BELAJAR DAN HUBUNGANNYA TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR BIOLOGI SISWA PADA MATERI SISTEM REPRODUKSI MANUSIA
Authors: Rahmah Siti , Suriani Cicik , Susanti Eni
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis gaya belajar siswa serta hubungannya dengan hasil belajarbiologi siswa kelas XI MIA SMA Negeri 4 Medan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh kelas XI MIA SMANegeri 4 Medan yang terbagi atas 10 kelas dengan jumlah siswa sebanyak 400 orang siswa. Sedangkan, sampelpenelitian diambil secara purposive sampling yang berjumlah sebanyak 80 orang siswa. Metode penelitian yangdigunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif, dengan kuesioner (angket) dan tes sebagai alat pengumpul datapenelitian. Dari hasil pengolahan data diketahui skor rata-rata gaya belajar sebesar 42,8 dan SD sebesar 3,44sedangkan, rata-rata hasil belajar sebesar 79,1 dan SD sebesar 6,36. Untuk uji homogenitas Fhitung < Ftabel (0,540< 1,447) Ho diterima maka data X dan Y termasuk homogen. Dari harga koefiesien korelasi diketahui rhitung >rtabel (2,237 > 0,220) sehingga data tersebut terdapat korelasi yang berarti dan positif antara gaya belajar denganhasil belajar siswa dan perhitungan indeks determinasi sebesar 48% terhadap pencapaian hasil belajar siswa. Untukpengujian hipotesis diperoleh t hitung > t tabel (9,89 > 1,67) pada taraf   0,05 maka data termasuk Haditerima sekaligus menolak Ho, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan antara gaya belajar terhadaphasil belajar biologi siswa kelas XI MIA SMA Negeri 4 Medan.Kata Kunci: Gaya Belajar, Hasil Belajar, Sistem Reproduksi Manusia
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN KOGNITIF DAN SIKAP SISWA PADA MATERI SISTEM REPRODUKSI MANUSIA KELAS XI IPA SMA NEGERI 1 TANJUNG MORAWA T.P 2016/2017
Authors: Rajagukguk Jessika , Hasairin Ashar , Hutagaol Nurhayati
Published: November 2020

This study aims to find the learning outcome and attitudes on material of humans reproductive system in grade XI IPA SMA Negeri 1 Tanjung morawa Learning Year 2016/2017. The population in this study were all students of class XI IPA which amounted to 78 people. 39 samples taken by purposive sampling in class XI  IPA 5 and 39 samples from each classes were taken by purposive sampling. The datas were collected by observasion sheets were used to know students attitudes and 30 question were used to get learning outcome the student The results showed that the percentage of cognitive aspect ability was good with the average score of 72,08. This can be seen from the presentation of the complete value of 75.64% with the categories of material and unfinished presentation as much as 24.53% with less understood category. While the presentation of student attitudes is good where the material assessment consisting of the following 5 categories of assessment indicators can be elaborated as follows: presentation of attitudes value to respect as much as 80.68%, presentation of attitudes value for responsibilities of 75.08%, presentation of values Attitudes for discipline as much as 81.97%, presentation attitudes to work together as much as 70.35% and presentation of attitude values for liveliness as much as 60.81%.Keywords: cognitive aspect ability, student attitudes, human reproductive system.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN KOGNITIF DAN KESULITAN BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI POKOK SISTEM PENCERNAAN MAKANAN DI KELAS XI IPA MAN DI KOTA MEDAN
Authors: Rapikah Ummi , Harsono Tri , Darusalim Darusalim , Herawati Herawati , Masdiana Masdiana
Published: November 2020

This study aims to determine the level of student learning difficulties based on cognitive aspects on the subject matter digestive system food grade XI IPA MAN in the city of Medan learning year 2016/2017. Students' learning difficulties were obtained through questionnaires and validated tests, students with learning difficulties were students who scored below the KKM. The sample in this research is 118 people consisting of 48 0rang class XI Mia-6 MAN 1 Medan, 41 class XI IPA MAN 2 Model Medan and 29 class XI Mia-5 MAN 3 Medan taken by cluter random from population sample. Based on data analysis descriptively obtained level of student's learning difficulties on food digestive system material class XI IPA MAN in Medan city of learning year 2016/2017 Degree of student's learning difficulties in material digestive system of food in class XI IPA MAN in Medan city year of study 2016/2017 obtained The highest percentage of learning difficulty is found in Man 2 Field model is C1, C2, C3 aspect Including high C4 aspect category and C5 aspect is very high category, while in Man 3 Medan C1 aspect is high as aspect C2, C3, C4, C5 Imperative In the category of low and in Man 1 Medan entered in the moderate category.Based on data from the three schools can be seen that in Man 3 Medan internal factors are very influential as the cause of difficulty learning in the external factors influencing teachers, media and learning methods. In Man 2 Medan Model factors that are very influential only motivation, environment, media and learning methods used by teachers. And Man 1 Medan is only the motivation of the newcomers as the cause of student learning difficulties.Keywords: Learning difficulties
KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR TINGKAT TINGGI SISWA KELAS XI PMIA MAN TANJUNG MORAWA PADA PEMBELAJARAN SEL DENGAN MODEL PBL BERBANTUAN LKS
Authors: Sari Windi Novia , Silitonga Melva
Published: November 2020

This study aims to describe high order thinking skills students of class XI PMIA MAN Tanjung Morawa on cell learning with LKS assisted model PBL. This study included pre-experiment type with one group pretest posttest design and was conducted in four meetings. The research instrument used is a multiple choice test of 25 questions. Data obtained from this study include the value of students' high order thinking skill both in general and in every aspect. The data obtained were analyzed to obtain the average value. The result of data analysis shows that the average of students' high order thinking skill is generally good, that is 78,4. The average score of the students on the aspect of analyzing with the category was very good (82.1), evaluating with goodcategory (73,0) and creating with good category (78,6). Based on the results of the research, the LKS-assisted PBL learning model is very aptly used in training the high-class thinking ability of the class XI students at MAN Tanjung Morawa on the study of biology cell.Keyword : high order thinking skill, model PBL assisted student worksheet
PENGARUH GENIUS LEARNING STRATEGY TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR TINGKAT TINGGI PADA MATERI SISTEM PERNAPASAN MANUSIA
Authors: Sirait Gloria , Djulia Ely , Sinaga Saria
Published: November 2020

Penelitian quasi eksperimen ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh genius learning strategy terhadap kemampuan berfikir tingkat tinggi siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Tebing Tinggi pada materi Sistem Pernapasan Manusia T.P 2018/2019 serta mengetahui hubungan antara genius learning strategy dengan kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi. Sampel diambil dengan teknik Purposive Sampling yaitu  siswa/i kelas VIII-7 dan VIII-8 SMP Negeri 1 Tebing Tinggi yang berjumlah 82 orang.Instrumen yang digunakan  berupa tes kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi setiap siswa. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji-t. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikangenius learning strategy terhadap kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi dengan nilai sig 0,000< 0,05.
Pembelajaran Mandiri Menggunakan Modul Berbasis 6 Tugas untuk Mahasiswa Calon Guru Biologi pada Mata Kuliah Strategi Belajar Mengajar
Authors: Arwita Widya , Simatupang Zulkifli , Oktavianingsih O
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh kegiatan perkuliahan dengan pemberian tugas-tugas yang berkaitan dengan tujuan dari KKNI di Jurusan Biologi Universitas Negeri Medan, khususnya untuk mata kuliah Strategi Belajar Mengajar Biologi (SBM-Bio). Kegiatan melaksanakan tugas-tugas tersebut umumnya dilakukan diluar jam perkuliahan, sehingga dibutuhkan pedoman untuk membantu mahasiswa dalam mengerjakannya. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan bahan ajar berupa modul berbasis 6 tugas KKNI untuk mata kuliah SBM-Bio. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Research and Development (R&D) dengan tahapan-tahapan berikut ini: 1). Mengkaji literatur yang relevan; 2). Merencanakan tujuan yang ingin dicapai; 3) Mengembangkan suatu produk awal dari bahan ajar; 4) Melakukan uji lapangan produk awal dari bahan ajar; 5) Memperbaiki produk awal berdasarkan hasil uji lapangan; dan 6) Melakukan uji lapangan dari hasil perbaikan. Hasil validasi untuk aspek materi dan desain dikategorikan sangat valid dengan skor 3.04 (aspek materi) dan 3.20 (aspek desain). Hasil respon untuk data kepraktisan yang diperoleh sudah positif yaitu dengan skor 3.08 dengan persentse 77.01%. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil dari hasil penelitian ini yaitu modul SBM-Bio berbasis 6 tugas yang dikembangakan telah memenuhi kriteria valid dan praktis.Kata Kunci: Biologi, KKNI, Modul, Penugasan, Strategi Belajar Mengajar,
THE EFFECT OF PROBLEM-BASED PRACTICE TOWARDS LEARNING OUTCOME AND PROCESS SKILL ON CELL MATERIAL
Authors: Novita Viqi , Nugrahalia Meida
Published: November 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of problem-based practice on student learning outcome and process skill in cell material in class XI Science Kartika Private High School 1-2 T.P 2018/2019. This research was conducted in July-September, at SMA Kartika 1-2 Medan. The population of this study was all students of class XI as many as 179 people. Samples are taken randomly. There were as many as 72 students. Statistical analysis showed that the average student learning outcomes in the experimental class are pretest of 63.22 and posttest of 82.89, while the control class pretest is 59.55 and the posttest is 69.44. Then hypothesis test (t-test) showed that (tcount = 5.4561 > ttable = 1.997). Which is means that the problem-based practice has a significant effect on the learning outcome. Besides, practice using PBL models can improve student process skills. This is shown in the results of the experimental class observation sheet having an average process skill in the “High” category. Whereas in the control class the average process skill is only up to the “Medium” category. So it can be concluded that the Problem-based practice has a significant effect on the learning outcome and process skill of class XI students of Private Kartika Senior High School 1-2 Medan T.P 2018/2019.
IDENTIFIKASI KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA KELAS X IPA DITINJAU DARI INDIKATOR KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DAN GENDER
Authors: Miswari Mentari , Silitonga Melva , Fajriyah F
Published: November 2020

This study aims to determine students' critical thinking abilities in SMA Swasta Budisatrya Medan in ecosystem material. The ability to think critically is then analyzed based on indicators and compared with gender. The method used in this research is descriptive method with quantitative and qualitative approaches. The research sample is 69 students. The instrument of data collection is a test of critical thinking skills. Tests are given after students get material from the subject teacher. The technique used to process the scores obtained is to use a benchmark reference assessment technique (PAP). The results showed that students' thinking skills in ecosystem material were on average medium criteria, followed by low categories, then high and only 4 students who had critical thinking skills in the very high category. Overall, students' critical thinking skills are in the medium category. The highest critical thinking ability of students is on the indicators of strategy and tactics with moderate criteria, followed by conclusions, and provides a basic explanation. Furthermore, the lowest critical thinking ability of students is in the indicators of building basic skills and followed by making further explanations. The critical thinking ability of female students is higher than that of male students with an average score of 73 and is in the criteria of being moderate. While the average value of critical thinking skills of male students is only 64 and is in the low criteria. There is no significant difference between the critical thinking abilities of male and female students.
PERBANDINGAN KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS SISWA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) DAN PROJECT BASED LEARNING (PJBL) PADA MATERI KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI
Authors: Pratiwi Indah , Pulungan Ahmad Shafwan S. , Dumasari D
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan keterampilan proses sains siswa yang diajarkan dengan Problem Based Learning (PBL) dan Project Based Learning (PjBL) pada materi keanekaragaman hayati di kelas X SMA Negeri 3 Kisaran T.P 2018/2019. Populasi penelitian adalah siswa kelas X IPA SMA Negeri 3 Kisaran Tahun Pembelajaran 2018/2019. Sampel penelitian adalah siswa kelas X IPA 1 dan X IPA 2 yang ditentukan dengan teknik random sampling. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu dengan rancangan pretest-posttest group design. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan tes keterampilan proses sains dan lembar observasi. Data kemudian dianalisis dengan uji-t pada taraf signifikansi 0,05. Berdasarkan analisis data diperoleh thitung>ttabel (4,81>2,01) yang artinya terdapat perbedaan signifikan keterampilan proses sains siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 3 Kisaran Tahun Pembelajaran 2018/2019 yang diajarkan dengan Problem Based Learning (PBL) dan Project Based Learning (PjBL). Hasil analisis tes keterampilan proses sains menunjukan rata-rata nilai keterampilan proses sains siswa yang diajarkan dengan model pembelajaran PBL mencapai 82,5 berkriteria sangat terampil sedangkan rata-rata nilai keterampilan proses sains siswa kelas PjBL mencapai 70,57 berkriteria terampil.Kata Kunci : Problem Based Learning, Project Based Learning, Keterampilan Proses Sains
EFEKTIVITAS HANDOUT BERBASIS PENEMUAN TERBIMBING PADA MATA KULIAH EVALUASI PROSES DAN HASIL PEMBELAJARAN BIOLOGI DITINJAU DARI SEGI HASIL BELAJAR MAHASISWA
Authors: Nerita Siska , Hartati Yulia Sri , Maizeli Annika , Afza Aulia
Published: November 2020

Beberapa permasalahan yang ditemukan tentang materi pada mata kuliah Evaluasi Proses dan Hasil Pembelajaran Biologi antara lain mahasiswa merasa kesulitan dalam memahami materi Evaluasi Proses dan Hasil Pembelajaran Biologi karena pada umumnya dosen menyampaikan materi ini hanya menggunakan media power point dan sumber buku cetak dan belum ada sumber belajar yang khusus untuk mata kuliah Evaluasi Proses dan Hasil Pembelajaran Biologi. Solusi dari permasalahan tersebut adalah dengan mengembangkan handout berbasis penemuan terbimbing. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan handout berbasis penemuan terbimbing dari aspek hasil belajar mahasiswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan dengan menggunakan model 4D, yakni pada tahap develop untuk melihat keefektifan produk dilihat dari hasil belajar mahasiswa. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes akhir yang terdiri dari 5 butir soal essai. Tes dilakukan oleh seluruh mahasiswa angkatan 2016 Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat yang telah mengambil mata kuliah evaluasi proses dan hasil pembelajaran biologi, dan diolah menggunakan rumus persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata hasil belajar mahasiswa setelah menggunakan handout adalah 68,7 (efektif). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa handout berbasis penemuan terbimbing telah efektif dilihat dari hasil belajar mahasiswa.
PEMANFAATAN INTERNET SEBAGAI SUMBER PEMBELAJARAN BIOLOGI
Authors: Tondang Yoseva Sari , Arwita Widya
Published: November 2020

AbstrakPenelitian ini dilakukan di SMA Katolik Tri Sakti Medan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemanfaatkan smartphone/laptop sebagai media pembelajaran Biologi, jumlah siswa yang menggunakan internet sebagai sumber pembelajaran Biologi, dan pemanfaatan internet sebagai sumber pembelajaran Biologi berdasarkan kemampuan akademik siswa. Jenis penelitian ini deskriptif kualitatif dengan metode survey. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa yang terdiri dari 11 kelas yang berjumlah 386 orang. Sampel yang digunakan berjumlah 80 orang dengan teknik random sampling.. Analisis data dengan analisis deksriptif kualitatif yang disajikan dalam kategori berupa persentase.. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa siswa memanfaatkan smartphone/laptop sebagai media pembelajaran Biologi secara Baik, sebagian besar siswa memanfaatkan internet (website) untuk mengerjakan tugas Biologi, pemanfaatan internet (website) sebagai sumber pembelajaran Biologi terlaksana berdasarkan kemampuan akademik siswa dan sesuai dengan arahan yang diberikan oleh guru.Kata Kunci : kemampuan akademik, gadget, sumber belajar, website
PENINGKATAN KUALITAS PEMBELAJARAN DENGAN MODEL PROBING PROMPTING DALAM MATA KULIAH KONSEP IPS
Authors: Suyanti Suyanti
Published: November 2020

This research has the purpose of knowing the improvement of learning quality with Probing prompting model in the course of the IPS concept for students of the study Program faculty of Teacher Training and Education Sciences, PGRI University Madiun. This type of research is PTK research action participants. The research site in the study program of Education elementary school teacher at Universitas PGRI Madiun. The implementation time of this research in the semester odd 2019/2020 course basic concept IPS. This research carried out several phases in its research, such as: monitoring, results, evaluation and reflection. Data analysis techniques in the form of quantitative description. Results of the conclusion of this study show: 1). The model of learning with Probing Promting model can improve the quality of course study of the DasarIPS concept, can be seen from the level of student activity, and test results. 2). Students love this model of defense because it makes them always active in learning.Keywords: Learning, IPS, Prombing Prompting.
PENERAPAN MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA PEMBELAJARAN TEMA 7
Authors: Nurman Veni , Ramadhani Rizqa , Wahyugi Rahmad , Fitria Yanti , Desyandri Desyandri
Published: November 2020

This study aimed to increase the learning outcomes by applying problem based laerning in class 4th  SDN 13 IV Koto Aur Malintang. The subjects of this study amounted to 20 students. Data collection techniques used were observation, interview, and documentation. The data collected in this study were observational data of lesson plan, student and teacher activities in learning and test results. Data analysis techniques used descriptive qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. The results of this study indicate an increase in learning outcomes. This was show from cycle I, II and III. The activities has increased compared to the pre-cycle. The results students activities meet the criteria for success of action, name ly the success of the learning process by students is said to be good, if every aspect of the observation sheet students all come up with information that has been carried out well and the average value of students is ≥ 70 and increases each cycle. Thus, the application of problem based learning can increase the learning outcomes in learning in grade IV of SDN 13 IV Koto Aur Malintang.Keywords: problem based learning, student learning outc
Reseña del libro Dell’Elicine, Eleonora, y Martin, Celine (eds.). Framing power in Visigothic Society. Discourses, Devices and Artifacts. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. (224 pp.).
Authors: Pérez Mariel
Published: November 2020

Reseña del libro Dell’Elicine, Eleonora, y Martin, Celine (eds.). Framing power in Visigothic Society. Discourses, Devices and Artifacts. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. (224 pp.).
Assessment of Iodine in Salt Samples from North Delhi Schools
Authors:   Assistant Director, NCD Division, Biochemistry Division, National Center for Disease Control (NCDC), Delhi, India, Verma Navin
Published: November 2020

Iodine is an essential micronutrient required for normal thyroid function, growth, and development. Iodine deficiency can lead to a variety of health and developmental consequences known as Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDDs). Realizing the magnitude of the problem and to ensure its prevention by 100% consumption of adequately iodized salt (≥15ppm), National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme (NIDDCP) is being implemented in India. However, periodic assessment of the salt used is needed to ensure the same. Hence, with the objective of assessment of iodine, household salt samples were collected from students of four schools in North Delhi in October 2019. Awareness programme was also planned among the school children in view of Global Iodine Deficiency Disorders Prevention Day. The iodine content of the salt was estimated by standard iodometric titration method. 10 (10.4 %) salt samples were found to have iodine content < 15 ppm. Reasons for low iodine content in the 10 samples need to be assessed along with the information regarding the type of salt used. Measures need to be taken to ensure 100 % consumption of adequately iodized salt (≥ 15 ppm). Also, such periodic assessment should be undertaken to find out the situation in different schools.
A Quasi Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Self-Instructional Module on Knowledge regarding Kangaroo Mother Care among Staff Nurses in Selected Hospitals at Jaipur City, Rajasthan
Authors:   Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, Gautam Mahendra
Published: November 2020

Background:Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) is the care given to new born immediately after the birth in which SSC is provided to boost growth in LBW along with other benefits. KMC is a novel method of care of infants under 2000 grams of birth weight. KMC has been developed for fostering neurobehavioral development and supporting parent-infant intimacy and attachment. The current study aims at assessing the efficacy of SlM about KMC amid registered nurses. Objective:To assess existing knowledge about KMC, to develop, validate and administer SIM on KMC, to find efficacy of SIM on knowledge of registered nurses about KMC and to associate the knowledge score of staff nurse about KMC and their selected demographic variables. Methods: This study was conducted in Jaipur, Rajasthan. Five hundred staff nurses from hospital were enrolled through simple random sampling. A pre-test done to assess pre-interventional knowledge. Followed by SIM introduction to subjects. After 7 days, post-test was conducted. Result: Results showed that about two-third (77.2%) of the total sample were within age group 21 to 30 years. 86.8% of staff nurses had major source of knowledge related to KMC through academic. The result showed mean knowledge score in pre-test was 23.60 and in post-test was 49.16 among staff nurse. It showed the all the nurses had achieved good level of knowledge after implementation of SIM. The findings (Z=40.78) showed that calculated value (40.78) was more than tabulated value (1.96) at 0.001% significance. Hence, it indicated significant difference and efficacy of SIM on knowledge gained by the staff nurses. The level of knowledge of post-test among staff nurses was higher than pretest. Conclusion: The SIM facilitated them to update their knowledge related to KMC. Hence, more awareness and training programmes should be conducted so that this method can be implemented throughout the country.
Atypical Infections in Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia- Staphylococcus furunculosis and Aspergillosis
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India, Mathews Sharon T
Published: November 2020

Incidence of opportunistic infection in patients of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) on Imatinib therapy is low. We report a case of a 47 year old lady, a known case of CML for one year on imatinib therapy who presented with CML in blast crisis with Staphylococcus furunculosis. Two weeks later she developed fever, cough and expectoration. She had cavitatory lesion in the right middle zone on chest x-ray. CECT Chest was suggestive of aspergilloma in right middle lobe. Infections in chronic myeloid leukemia are not very common. Also, developing such infections within such a short span of time, within one year of initiation of imatinib therapy is also rare. Hence, this case of CML with Staphylococcal furunculosis and Aspergillosis is being reported.
Historia från kursplan till klassrum: perspektiv på lärares historieundervisning från Lpo 94 till Lgr 11
Authors:   , Jarhall Jessica
Published: November 2020

The thesis examines how history teachers perceive history teaching in Swedish lower secondary schools during a time-period when two different curricula were in use: Lpo 94 and Lgr 11. The overall aim is to investigate how history can be expressed through teachers' transformation of the subject, from syllabus to classroom. The study focuses mainly on the perceived and the operational curricula, according to Goodlad et als curriculum theory. Transformation and transformation factors, i.e. factors that influence teachers' transformation, are central concepts of the thesis. Those are based on Shulman's theory of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) and teachers' knowledge base. The term transformation is used in a wide sense, including the process of planning, teaching, and evaluation. Theories from both German and Anglo-american history didactics are used to create an analytical model, including three dimensions of historical knowledge and three sets of historical concepts. The model is used to analyze the respondents' stories as content knowledge, disciplinary knowledge and functional knowledge. The empirical material was collected from qualitative interviews with twenty-one history teachers at six different lower secondary schools. In addition to the interviews, teaching material in the form of teacher planning, examinations and other documents were collected. These documents were used to support, or question, the findings in the interviews. The results show that teachers transformed the history subject in several different ways, using the syllabus as starting point. The main factors influencing the teachers' choice of goals, content and methods in their history teaching were the students, the text books and their knowledge base. For the teachers in the second sub-study, the new national test had a profound impact on the choices teachers made. The three dimensions of knowledge, dealing with content (substantive knowledge), metahistorical concepts and skills (procedural knowledge), and value related issues (meaning) in history proved to be important in history teaching, both before and after Lgr 11. Although the main emphasis on knowledge as content was a continuity, the disciplinary aspects have gained importance during the period. All teachers also took the dimension of meaning into their teaching. A specific result shows that teachers who taught in multi-cultural classrooms especially saw identity and democratic citizenship as important aspects of their teaching. Another important result is that the national tests had a great impact on teachers after Lgr 11. The study also showed that history teachers were affected by the educational context, i.e. accountability, a strong emphasis on the quality of education and increased control.
Settlement and other results of the procedure of judicial conciliation
Authors: Makarenko Natal'ya Nikolaevna
Published: November 2020

This article is dedicated to the question of the essence of a settlement within the framework of judicial conciliation procedure. The issue is being explored from comparative perspective, where the essence of a settlement within the framework of judicial conciliation procedure is compared to the essence of a similar institution in terms of mediation procedure. The work examines legal precedent and doctrinal opinions of experts on the issues of legal essence of judicial conciliation as ones established by judicial and non-judicial procedure of conciliation. The author highlights the key aspect of the procedure of judicial conciliation in relation to reaching a settlement, including the rights and obligations of the parties to the process from one side, and the court on the other. The conclusion is made that the legal nature of settlement represents a mixture, comprised of elements of material (civil law), as well as procedural (civil procedure) law. A claim is made that within the framework of the judicial conciliation procedure, the legal nature of a settlement contains more procedural law elements than that of mediation procedure, which is explained by the broader authority of the court and correlating reduced authority of the parties than in terms of a mediation procedure.
Sabiedrības tiesību uz izglītību un autora tiesību mijiedarbība
Authors: Vindele Liene , Erdmanis Rihards
Published: November 2020

Latvijas Republikas Satversmes 112. pants garantē ikvienas personas tiesības uz izglītību, līdz ar to valstij apņemoties nodrošināt iespēju iegūt pamatizglītību un vidējo izglītību. Latvija ir pievienojusies dažādiem starptautiskiem tiesību aktiem, kuros ir ietverta izglītības nozīme. Izglītība kā pamattiesības ir noteikta arī divos galvenajos starptautiskos cilvēktiesību līgumos – Apvienoto Nāciju Organizācijas Vispārējās cilvēktiesību deklarācijas 26. pantā, kā arī Starptautiskajā paktā par ekonomiskajām, sociālajām un kultūras tiesībām, 13. un 14. pantā norādot, ka izglītībai jābūt vērstai uz pilnīgu personības attīstību un tai jāstiprina cilvēktiesību un pamatbrīvību ievērošana. Nesen piedzīvotais pandēmijas laiks radikāli pārveidoja tradicionāli saprotamo izglītības procesu – no skolas sola pie datora mājās. Globālās veselības krīzes laikā gandrīz visas pasaules valstu skolas tika slēgtas, un, lai nodrošinātu akadēmisko nepārtrauktību, mācību process tika nodrošināts tiešsaistē. Līdz ar to gandrīz katras pasaules valsts izglītības sistēmā un tiesību jomā radās jautājums ne tikai par to, kā nodrošināt piekļuvi izglītībai, bet arī par to, vai globālās krīzes izraisītās izmaiņas izglītības nodrošināšanas procesā attaisno autordarbu izmantošanas ierobežojumus, kā ievērot mācību nolūkos izmantoto autordarbu aizsardzību, nepārkāpjot valstu autortiesību likumus, kā līdzsvarot tiesības uz izglītību un autortiesības.

Section 112 of the Constitution of the Republic of Latvia guarantees the right of any person to education, thereby ensuring, with the commitment of the State, the possibility of obtaining basic education and secondary education. Latvia has also joined diverse international legislation, which includes the importance of education. Education as a fundamental right is also enshrined in two major international human rights treaties, Article 26 of the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights, as well as in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and Articles 13 and 14, stating that education must be aimed at full personal development and must strengthen respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. The recently experienced pandemic time has radically transformed the traditionally understandable educational process – from the school bench to the computer at home. During the global health crisis, nearly all schools in the world were closed and, in order to ensure academic continuity, the learning process was provided online, leading to challenges in the education system and rights of almost every country in the world, not only to ensure access to education, but also raised questions about whether the changes in the education process caused by the global crisis justify restrictions on the use of the Authors’ works to respect the protection of the Author’ works used for teaching purposes, without infringing national copyright laws, on how to balance these two rights – education and copyright.
Robert Hill Perfectionism Scale Standardization among University Students
Authors: Shadi Ahadifar  , Mojtaba Habibi  , Mani B. Monajemi
Published: November 2020

Objective: This survey was conducted regarding observe validity, reliability and standardization of Robert Hill’s perfectionism scale among the university students. Materials and Methods: The statistical population of this survey included all bachelor students of Tehran Azad University (Central branch) in academic year of 2009-2010 with the age between20 to 35. Among this statistical population via random cluster sampling, 500 students (310women and 190men) were chosen. In this survey, regarding assessing perfectionism scale reliability, factor analysis method was used. Before performing factor analysis, sampling adequacy was proved by rejecting zero hypotheses based on correct matrix homology in society by Bartlett test. Hence, implementing factor analysis was justifiable. In order to check the validity of Hill perfectionism scale, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used and after deleting unsuitable questions (4-15-19), scale validity coefficient of 0/921 was gained which indicates that perfectionism scale is having high validity. In order to determine the construct reliability, factor analysis was used. Assessment of perfectionism scale was conducted through the principal component analysis and orthogonal rotation. According to results from factor analysis, among 56 perfectionism questions, 6 factors were extracted which justified 47/0 percent of all variables. Factor matrix showed: the first factor is having the highest factor power and share comparing to other factors. In current survey, questions (59,24,2,11,36,44,34,47,31,18,32,71) were complex questions, as they tended to have power in various factors. In order to determine perfectionism scale norm for the students, questionnaire scores was determined. Accordingly, perfectionism questionnaire contents were graded based on four scales’ items from agree to disagree with grades 1 to 4. Results: Hill perfectionism scale is having proper psychometric features to be used in Iran society.
Quality of Life Model in Multiple Sclerosis: Personality, Mood Disturbance, Catastrophizing and Disease Severity
Authors: Afsaneh Akhani  , Mojtaba Habibi  , Zahra Izadikhah  , Mani B. Monajemi  , Nina Jamshinejad
Published: November 2020

Objective: The aim of current study was to investigate the interaction between factors such as personality, catastrophizing, mood disturbance and disease severity, which may affect the quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis. The result of this study can identify the factors that have an impact on quality of life among these patients and hopefully it may lead to improve the services provided for these patients. Design: One hundred and thirteen participants with multiple sclerosis completed the following questionnaires: Type D Personality (DS-14), Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HADS), Illness Perception (Brief-IPQ) and Quality of Life (SF-36). The Expanded Disability Statue Scale (EDSS) assessed disease severity. Main Outcome Measures: Data was analyzed in structural equation modeling. Results: Type D personality was associated with quality of life and the relationship was mediated by disease severity, catastrophizing and mood status. Conclusion: Results showed a significant relationship between Type D personality and QOL. However, when the variables were added to the model, the relationship ceased to exist. These results suggest that personality traits are indirectly associated with QOL, mediated by another variable.
Leadership Dichotomy: Women are more Efficacious in Working with Diverse People
Authors: Shweta Bhatt  , Dr. Nidhi Kesari
Published: November 2020

It is evident since ages that gender discrimination is a common feature in all societies. Even in developed countries, the prejudices and obstacles that women have had to encounter and surmount seem almost identical. The peculiar stigma attached to women all over the world is based on religious bias. “Woman” is depicted as a temptress and is warned against in almost all religions of the world. Woman’s basic stigma therefore originates in religion. The Rig Veda says, “The wife and husband, being the equal halves of one substance, are equal in every respect; therefore, both should join and take equal parts in all works, religious and secular.” The Upanishads clearly declare that we individual souls are neither male nor female. Rig Veda clearly proclaims that women should be given the lead in ruling the nation and in society, and that they should have the same right as sons over the father’s property. “The entire world of noble people bows to the glory of the glorious woman so that she enlightens us with knowledge and foresight. She is the leader of society and provides knowledge to everyone. She is symbol of prosperity and daughter of brilliance. May we respect her so that she destroys the tendencies of evil and hatred from the society. In ancient India, women occupied a very important position, in fact a superior position to, men. It is a culture whose only words for strength and power are feminine -“Shakti” means “power” and “strength.” All male power comes from the feminine. Literary evidence suggests that kings and towns were destroyed because a single woman was wronged by the state. For example, Valmiki’s Ramayana teaches us that Ravana and his entire clan were wiped out because he abducted Sita. Veda Vyasa’s Mahabharatha teaches us that all the Kauravas were killed because they humiliated Draupadi in public. Elango Adigal’s Sillapathigaram teaches us Madurai, the capital of the Pandyas was burnt because Pandyan Nedunchezhiyan mistakenly killed her husband on theft charges.
An Investigation of the Relationship between Personality Dimensions and General Health of High School Female Students in Falavarjan City
Authors: Moradi Qahderijani  , Mahboubeh, Karami  , Fatemeh, Norouzi, Mohsen
Published: November 2020

Application of psychological principles for promoting the quality of education is a scientific method. High quality and proper education is not possible without considering individual differences and understanding individuals’ states and traits, whether students or teachers. This study has been conducted to examine the relationship between personality dimensions and mental health of high school students. The statistical population of the study consisted of all high school students in Falavarjan city from which a sample of 100 individuals were selected. They were then studied through (NEO) Personality Inventory and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The findings of the study have been analyzed and they were reported as descriptive statistics and correlational study by SPSS software. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between personality dimensions and general health of high school female students in Falavarjan city.
Psychological Well-Being, Gender and Optimistic Attitude among College Students
Authors: Vinayak M. Honmore  , M. G. Jadhav
Published: November 2020

The present paper aimed to study psychological well-being in relation to gender and optimistic attitude among college students. Two hundred first year Arts, Commerce and Science students (100 males and 100 females) from different colleges in Islampur and Sangli (Maharashtra) participated in the present study. The participants received Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWB) with five subscales (Sisodia and Choudhary, 2012) and Optimistic-Pessimistic Attitude Scale (Parashar, 1998). The multivariate and univariate analyses were directed to assess the subscale consistency of the PWB, the factor structure of the PWB in terms of its subscales, and gender differences in PWB, its subscales and optimistic attitude. The relationship between psychological well-being, its subscales and optimistic attitude has been thoroughly analyzed. The obtained results are discussed in the light of earlier work.
A Study of Coping Styles and Stress Tolerance in the Caregivers of Schizophrenic Patients
Authors: Dr. Altaf Ahmad Malla  , Nasir Mohammad Bhat  , Zahoor Ahmad Wagay
Published: November 2020

This study attempted to take a closer look at the coping styles and stress tolerance of care givers of schizophrenic patients and to determine the relationship between coping styles and stress tolerance of the caregivers of schizophrenic patients. A total number of 70 caregivers were selected using purposive sampling method. The tools used in this study are Life Change Event Inventory and AECOM Coping Scale Questionnaire. Data were cleaned and analyzed by SPSS version 16.00 windows. It is concluded that the caregivers of schizophrenic patients tend to use certain coping styles more than others and this preference lowers the stress experienced. It is also concluded that caregivers of schizophrenic patients are hardier due to the sociocultural expectations imposed on them.