bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dysbiosis of Oral Microbiota Associated with Palmoplantar Pustulosis
Authors: Kageyama Yasunari , Shimokawa Yutaka , Kawauchi Kimihiko , Morimoto Masafumi , Aida Koichi , Akiyama Tetsu , Nakamura Tsutomu
Published: December 2020

Background: Dysbiosis of oral microbiota is implicated not only in oral inflammatory lesions, but also in a variety of extraoral diseases. The etiology of palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) remains unclear; however, it has been suggested that chronic inflammation caused by periodontopathic bacterial infection may play a role. Objectives/Methods: To determine whether patients with PPP have altered diversity and composition of oral microbiota, we conducted the 16S rDNA analysis using saliva samples collected from 21 outpatients with PPP and 10 healthy individuals. Results: We found that the proportion of bacteria in the phylum Proteobacteria was significantly lower in PPP patients (p = 0.025). At the genus level, patients with PPP had a significantly lower abundance of Neisseria (p = 0.014), which best accounted for the observed decrease in Proteobacteria. We also identified multiple minor genera and species that were represented at a significantly higher level in the PPP group, several of which have been associated with periodontal diseases. Conclusion: Our results suggest a possible link between PPP and dysbiosis of oral microbiota, particularly the lower abundance of Neisseria, the most predominant genus of Proteobacteria in healthy oral microbiota. Probiotics that improves oral dysbiosis may be beneficial for patients with PPP as an adjunctive therapy.
Healthcare Professional Clinical Actions following Nutrigenomics Testing in Practice
Authors: Karamanoglu Irem , Nielsen Daiva E.
Published: December 2020

Background: Clinical demand for nutrigenomics testing (NGT) is increasing, underscoring the importance of assessing healthcare professional (HCP) competence and clinical actions with NGT in practice. While previous studies have explored HCP perceptions of NGT, no study has examined real HCP experiences with NGT in practice. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical experience of providing NGT among early adopter HCPs who have used NGT in their practice. We hypothesized that HCP clinical actions after NGT would differ according to HCP personal experience undergoing genetic testing (GT) as well as years in practice. Design: An online survey questionnaire was administered to HCPs (n = 70) who have provided NGT in practice. χ2 tests, tests for trend, and logistic regression were used to compare HCP characteristics with post-NGT outcomes. Results: HCPs with fewest years in practice (<5 years) comprised the lowest proportion of respondents (16%). Most HCPs reported good understanding of NGT results and 92% made genetic-based dietary recommendations to patients following NGT. HCP personal use of GT increased significantly with increasing years in practice (<5 years: 36%, 5–10 years: 53%, 11–20 years: 70%, and >20 years: 85%, p trend = 0.003). Requesting patient bloodwork because of NGT results increased significantly with HCP years in practice when HCPs with <5 years in practice were not considered (5–10 years: 19%, 11–20 years: 28%, and >20 years: 60%, p trend = 0.010). A near significant difference was observed where a greater proportion of HCPs who had personally undergone GT reported requesting patient bloodwork (personal use: 46% vs. no personal use: 23%, p-χ2 = 0.066). Conclusion: Early HCP adopters of NGT utilize the test results to provide genetic-based dietary recommendations to patients. Clinical action after NGT currently appears to be driven by HCP years in practice, but HCP personal use of GT may also be a factor.
Slam Practice: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Schreck Benoit , Victorri-Vigneau Caroline , Guerlais Marylène , Laforgue Edouard , Grall-Bronnec Marie
Published: December 2020

Background: Slamming has been developing since 2011 as a new international phenomenon, mostly among men who have sex with men (MSM). It consists of intravenous drug injection before or during planned sexual activity to sustain, enhance, disinhibit, or facilitate the experience. We aimed to synthesize the available published evidence through a systematic literature review in order to precisely describe this phenomenon and to better characterize the population engaging in this practice and its specific motives. Methods: A systematic review of the available literature was conducted to identify all relevant publications using PubMed, Psyc­INFO, the Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect. To complete the review, we followed the recommendations of the “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses” method. We limited the search to studies published between January 2008 and May 2020. Results: Our search identified 530 publications, of which 27 were included in the final data synthesis. One study focused on heterosexual and homosexual subpopulations, and all other studies focused on MSM-specific samples. Among MSM, slam prevalence was extremely variable, ranging from 2 to 91%; regarding other sexually active subjects, prevalence ranged from 7 to 14%. The prevalence of HIV-positive subjects varied widely across studies, ranging from 0.6 to 100%. We found less data about hepatitis C virus serostatus, ranging from 3 to 100%. Methamphetamine and mephedrone were the 2 most used drugs. Discussion/Conclusion: The data we found in international literature were very heterogeneous and from poorly reproducible studies. The definition of slamming in the international literature is not always clear, which limits the completeness of the collected data. This topic has been open to studies only recently; however, health professionals must be trained in the management of this practice, considering its risks in the short and medium terms and its addictive potential. We provided and discussed recommendations and potential future directions.
Head and Dependent Marking in Clausal Possession
Authors: Hallman Peter
Published: December 2020

This article presents a new perspective on the derivational source for transitive verbs of possession. These are commonly postulated to be derived from a preposition expressing possession by incorporation of the preposition into an auxiliary. I reframe the contrast between prepositional and verbal expression of possession as an opposition between dependent and head marking of the possession relation, implemented syntactically as marking of either the specifier or the head of the projection encoding the possession relation. This conclusion is inferred from an investigation of Syrian Arabic showing that morphemes expressing possession alternate between a prepositional and a verbal use, but the verbal use does not involve incorporation of functional material. Evidence is presented that languages that show such incorporation, that is, where possession is expressed by a term of the form Aux+P, have passed through a diachronic stage similar to contemporary Syrian, where P functions as a verb in its own right. These considerations support the conclusion that transitive verbs of possession are derived not by preposition incorporation but by reanalysis of dependent marking as head marking, which may or may not feed incorporation.
Investigating the division of scientific labor using the Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT)
Authors: Larivière Vincent , Pontille David , Sugimoto Cassidy R.
Published: December 2020

Contributorship statements were introduced by scholarly journals in the late 1990s to provide more details on the specific contributions made by authors to research papers. After more than a decade of idiosyncratic taxonomies by journals, a partnership between medical journals and standards organizations has led to the establishment, in 2015, of the Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT), which provides a standardized set of 14 research contributions. Using the data from Public Library of Science (PLOS) journals over the 2017–2018 period (N = 30,054 papers), this paper analyzes how research contributions are divided across research teams, focusing on the association between division of labor and number of authors, and authors’ position and specific contributions. It also assesses whether some contributions are more likely to be performed in conjunction with others and examines how the new taxonomy provides greater insight into the gendered nature of labor division. The paper concludes with a discussion of results with respect to current issues in research evaluation, science policy, and responsible research practices.
World Cinema Will not Work
Authors: Brown William
Published: December 2020

In this essay, I engage with the concept of ‘world cinema,’ identifying ways in which the term ‘world’ might always already come loaded with masculine and, in particular, white connotations, such that a turn to ‘world cinema’ runs the risk of reaffirming the centrality of masculinity and whiteness—at a time when, perhaps it is of utmost importance, for the sake of the continuation of human and other life, to challenge and perhaps even to negate that centrality. What applies to ‘world’ (which may be a shorthand for white masculinity) may also apply to cinema, and so it is that cinema and white masculinity alike that must be abandoned for human life on Earth to progress. To propose a turn to world cinema may thus not ‘work’ as a means to develop film studies in an ethical, more inclusive direction, since both world and cinema are by nature exclusive, rather than inclusive.
Putting the World Back into World Cinema
Authors: de Luca Tiago
Published: December 2020

The world envisioned by the idea of world cinema is often tied to a conception of the planet in terms of the global circulation of films and networks of production, consumption and distribution. This article argues for the need to confront the world as a representational and aesthetic category in and of itself.
Bioacoustics of poorly known Poecilimon taxa (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) with redescriptions of P. pechevi and P. stschelkanovzevi
Authors: CHOBANOV DRAGAN P. , SEVGILI HASAN , HELLER KLAUS-GERHARD
Published: December 2020

The genus Poecilimon has been object of several studies dealing with its systematics, sound communication and evolution. Yet, published data contradict in the classification, while many taxa are still insufficiently known. In the present study we supplement the knowledge of 13 poorly known species and one additional subspecies with data on their sound communication and/or morphology. Most species concerned here are classified within two acoustic groups. First group includes P. celebi, P. obtusicercus and P. toros, showing typical characteristics of the P. syriacus group. Second group is more heterogeneous. Among that, P. pechevi, P. armeniacus, P. harveyi, P. guichardi, P. haydari, P. doga, P. davisi and P. excisus present a song pattern similar to that of P. ampliatus. In addition, P. ataturki is also quite similar in basic song structure to the latter but differs in its fine song structure. Poecilimon stschelkanovzevi, with unclear relationships, is described morphologically in detail. The present study provides hints for solving some disagreement between recent revisions, proposing unification of the Poecilimon celebi with P. syriacus group and opening discussion based on close relationships of the groups ampliatus, armeniacus, davisi, luschani and the species P. guichardi on one hand, while the complex P. ataturki/glandifer shows significant differences on the other. The acoustic peculiarities of the ampliatus group allies are discussed in an evolutionary light.
Numerical Simulation of Mountain Waves over the Southern Andes. Part I: Mountain Wave and Secondary Wave Character, Evolutions, and Breaking
Authors: Lund Thomas S. , Fritts David C. , Wan Kam , Laughman Brian , Liu Han-Li
Published: December 2020

This paper addresses the compressible nonlinear dynamics accompanying increasing mountain wave (MW) forcing over the southern Andes and propagation into the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) under winter conditions. A stretched grid provides very high resolution of the MW dynamics in a large computational domain. A slow increase of cross-mountain winds enables MWs to initially break in the mesosphere and extend to lower and higher altitudes thereafter. MW structure and breaking is strongly modulated by static mean and semidiurnal tide fields exhibiting a critical level at ~114 km for zonal MW propagation. Varying vertical group velocities for different zonal wavelengthsλxyield initial breaking in the lee of the major Andes peaks forλx~ 50 km, and extending significantly upstream for largerλxapproaching the critical level at later times. The localized extent of the Andes terrain in latitude leads to “ship wave” responses above the individual peaks at earlier times, and a much larger ship-wave response at 100 km and above as the larger-scale MWs achieve large amplitudes. Other responses above regions of MW breaking include large-scale secondary gravity waves and acoustic waves that achieve very large amplitudes extending well into the thermosphere. MW breaking also causes momentum deposition that yields local decelerations initially, which merge and extend horizontally thereafter and persist throughout the event. Companion papers examine the associated momentum fluxes, mean-flow evolution, gravity wave–tidal interactions, and the MW instability dynamics and sources of secondary gravity waves and acoustic waves.
A Simultaneous Multiscale Data Assimilation Using Scale-Dependent Localization in GSI-Based Hybrid 4DEnVar for NCEP FV3-Based GFS
Authors: Huang Bo , Wang Xuguang , Kleist Daryl T. , Lei Ting
Published: December 2020

A scale-dependent localization (SDL) method was formulated and implemented in the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI)-based four-dimensional ensemble-variational (4DEnVar) system for NCEP FV3-based Global Forecast System (GFS). SDL applies different localization to different scales of ensemble covariances, while performing a single-step simultaneous assimilation of all available observations. Two SDL variants with (SDL-Cross) and without (SDL-NoCross) considering cross-wave-band covariances were examined. The performance of two- and three-wave-band SDL experiments (W2 and W3, respectively) was evaluated through 1-month cycled data assimilation experiments. SDL improves global forecasts to 5 days over scale-invariant localization including the operationally tuned level-dependent scale-invariant localization (W1-Ope). The W3 SDL-Cross experiment shows more accurate tropical storm–track forecasts at shorter lead times than W1-Ope. Compared to the W2 SDL experiments, the W3 SDL counterparts applying tighter horizontal localization at medium-scale wave band generally show improved global forecasts below 100 hPa, but degraded global forecasts above 50 hPa. While the outperformance of the W3 SDL-NoCross experiment versus the W2 SDL-NoCross experiment below 100 hPa lasts for 5 days, that of the W3 SDL-Cross experiment versus the W2 SDL-Cross experiment lasts for 3 days. Due to local spatial averaging of ensemble covariances that may alleviate sampling error, the SDL-NoCross experiments show slightly better forecasts than the SDL-Cross experiments at shorter lead times. However, the SDL-Cross experiments outperform the SDL-NoCross experiments at longer lead times, likely from retention of more heterogeneity of ensemble covariances and resultant analyses with improved balance. Relative performance of tropical storm–track forecasts in the W2 and W3 SDL experiments are generally consistent with that of global forecasts.
Generic Fragmentation in Modern Campaign Rhetoric: A Study of the 2020 U.S. Presidential Announcements
Authors: Neville-Shepard Ryan
Published: December 2020

This essay suggests that campaign speech genres have transformed in the digital era due to what I call “generic fragmentation.” Speeches that are expected of political candidates have been replaced by discourse that is scattered over a variety of channels, while taking a form that is truncated, fragmented, and unlikely to satisfy generic conventions when analyzed individually. Illustrating this argument, this essay focuses on the campaign announcements from the 2020 U.S. presidential election to show how the classic announcement speech has transformed into the “long announcement,” spread out over a longer period of time and often in scattered fragments, thus challenging the ways such messages can be evaluated by political communication critics.
Public Healthcare Access: Burdens and Adaptation in Ibarapa Nomadic Community of Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Ajala Aderemi , Onyima Blessing Nonye
Published: December 2020

Health burden, coping strategies and access to public healthcare facilities are examined using a medical ecological approach and ethnography among Ibarapa nomads. They live in bands in far distances from Yoruba populated towns in the Ibarapa area, where grazing culture makes healthcare facilities inaccessible. Vulnerable to high morbidity and health risks due to snake-bites, malaria, zoonosis and some other infections, but lacking healthcare facilities, they mostly use faith-based healing, herbal remedies and self-medications. Seventeen percent of the nomads access healthcare facilities from distant towns in Ibarapa. Equitable access to healthcare requires mobile healthcare for semi-sedentary nomads and permanent health clinics for sedentary nomads.
A Biblical View of Covenants Old and New
Authors: Davis Andrew R.
Published: December 2020

This article responds to Adam Gregerman’s article on covenant theology in recent Jewish–Catholic dialogue by arguing three points: (1) Scripture presents a multiplicity of covenants (rather than a singular “Old Covenant”), which coexist together in complementary ways. (2) This multiplicity produces dynamic tension among the covenants. (3) The tendency in recent theological discussion to describe the New Covenant as a fulfillment of its predecessors lacks a biblical basis.
The Archetypal Faith of Christ
Authors: Hadley Christopher M.
Published: December 2020

Hans Urs von Balthasar’s theology of Jesus’s “archetypal faith” situates the question of his consciousness in our contemporary context of the life of faith. His position is validated by current biblical scholarship and relies heavily on Karl Rahner’s consciousness-Christology, thus providing an often overlooked an example of fundamental agreement between two authors commonly seen as rivals. The article argues that Jesus’s experience of mystery, far from being obviated by his beatific knowledge, is essential to the Christian experience of faith.
Dynamic services, district magnitude, and the trilemma of the service economy
Authors: Son Jung Wook
Published: December 2020

Advanced welfare countries have faced a mix of policy constraints regarding employment growth, income equality, and budget discipline in managing the challenges of deindustrialization, often dubbed as the trilemma of the service economy. Yet, puzzlingly enough, there are some welfare countries that could choose policy options outside of these policy constraints in their responses to deindustrialization. This article argues that the source of this derestricting capacity can be found in the size of electoral district and the level of development in dynamic service sectors. Using the Service Economy Trilemma Index (STI), the author propounds that the expansion of dynamic services in the economy has differential effects on the combined performance in employment, income equality, and budget discipline conditional on the district magnitude. The findings of this article show that countries with large electoral districts and well-developed dynamic service sectors are better able to derestrict policy constraints in the age of deindustrialization.
Institution-Specific Strategies for Head and Neck Oncology Triage During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Freeman Michael H. , Shinn Justin R. , Langerman Alexander
Published: December 2020

Background:

This work seeks to better understand the triage strategies employed by head and neck oncologic surgical divisions during the initial phases of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak.

Methods:

Thirty-six American head and neck surgical oncology practices responded to questions regarding the triage strategies employed from March to May 2020.

Results:

Of the programs surveyed, 11 (31%) had official department or hospital-specific guidelines for mitigating care delays and determining which surgical cases could proceed. Seventeen (47%) programs left the decision to proceed with surgery to individual surgeon discretion. Five (14%) programs employed committee review, and 7 (19%) used chairman review systems to grant permission for surgery. Every program surveyed, including multiple in COVID-19 outbreak epicenters, continued to perform complex head and neck cancer resections with free flap reconstruction.

Conclusions:

During the initial phases of the COVID-19 pandemic experience in the United States, head and neck surgical oncology divisions largely eschewed formal triage policies and favored practices that allowed individual surgeons discretion in the decision whether or not to operate. Better understanding the shortcomings of such an approach could help mitigate care delays and improve oncologic outcomes during future outbreaks of COVID-19 and other resource-limiting events.

Level of Evidence:

4.
Balancing Prosocial Effort Across Social Categories: Mental Accounting Heuristics in Helping Decisions
Authors: Peetz Johanna , Howard Andrea L.
Published: December 2020

Three studies examine whether individuals might use mental accounting heuristics in helping decisions, budgeting their prosocial effort in similar ways to how money is budgeted. In a hypothetical scenario study ( N = 283), participants who imagined that they previously helped someone of a specific social category (e.g., “family,” “colleagues”) were less willing to help someone of that category again. Similarly, when reporting actual instances of day-to-day help in a diary study ( N = 443), having helped more than usual in a social category yesterday was associated with less effort and less time spent on helping in the same category today. In contrast, helping more than usual in other social categories did not reduce helping today. Finally, a scenario study ( N = 489) suggested that the mental accounting effect in helping decisions may, in part, be explained by perceived utility of help (helping others in the same social category is seen as less rewarding).
The brooding omnipresence of Carl Schmitt in contemporary jurisprudence: Reflections on William Scheuerman’s The End of Law: Carl Schmitt in the 21st century
Authors: Levinson Sanford
Published: December 2020

Carl Schmitt, whatever his clear deficiencies as a human being and excesses in his overall thought, is, by any objective measure, one of the leading jurisprudential figures of the 20th century. And the questions he raised – about the inevitably of discretionary decision-making in the age of the modern administrative state; the breakdown of liberal parliamentarism; or the importance of that ‘emergencies’ must play in any cogent jurisprudential theory, to name only three – continue to resonate very much into the 21st century. William Scheuerman is at best ambivalent, if not hostile, to many aspects of Schmitt and Schmittian theory, but he presents Schmitt’s ideas with remarkable clarity that enables the reader to understand why it continues to be important to read and to wrestle with him.
Aerodynamics of leading-edge protection tapes for wind turbine blades
Authors: Major Desirae , Palacios Jose , Maughmer Mark , Schmitz Sven
Published: December 2020

This paper presents results of a comparative study on the effect of standard and tapered leading-edge protection (LEP) tapes on the annual energy production (AEP) of a utility-scale 1.5 MW wind turbine. Numerical models are developed in STAR-CCM+ to estimate the impact of LEP tapes on lift and drag coefficients of an NACA 64-618 airfoil operating at Re = 3 × 106. Experimental drag coefficient data are collected for LEP tapes applied to the tip-section of a de-commissioned wind turbine blade for numerical validation. The objective is to determine the physical mechanisms responsible for the aerodynamic degradation observed with standard LEP tapes, and to design a tapered LEP tape that reduces the associated adverse impact on AEP. An in-house wind turbine design and analysis code, XTurb-PSU, is used to estimate AEP using airfoil data obtained by STAR-CCM+. For standard LEP tapes, laminar-to-turbulent boundary-layer transition occurs at the LEP tape edge, resulting in AEP losses of 2%–3%. Comparable tapered LEP tapes can be designed to suppress boundary-layer transition for backward-facing step heights below a critical value such that associated impact on AEP is negligible.
Peritoneal dialysis in critically ill children in resource-limited setting: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Choudhary Pallavi , Kumar Virendra , Saha Abhijeet , Thakur Archana
Published: December 2020

Background:

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is easily available and simple lifesaving procedure in children with renal impairment. There is paucity of reports on efficacy of PD in critically ill children in presence of shock and those requiring mechanical ventilation.

Methods:

In this prospective observational study, efficacy and outcome of PD were evaluated in 50 critically ill children aged 1 month to 14 years admitted in pediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital in India.

Results:

Indication of PD was acute kidney injury (AKI) in 66% of patients followed by chronic kidney disease with acute deterioration due to infectious complications in 34%. Bacterial sepsis was the most common cause of AKI (22%), others being malaria (14%) and severe dengue (12%). At initiation of PD, 26% of patients were in shock and 46% were mechanically ventilated. PD was effective and improvement in pH, bicarbonate, and lactate started within hours, with consistent improvement in estimated glomerular filtration rate by 24 h, which continued till the end of procedure, including the subgroup of patients with shock and mechanical ventilation. Total complications were seen in 14% and of which peritonitis was present in 4.0% of patients. Mortality was seen in 14% (7/50) of patients. Shock at initiation of PD (odds ratio (OR), 5.03; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.95–26.69; p < 0.04) and requirement of mechanical ventilation (OR, 9.17; 95% CI, 1.01–83.10; p < 0.02) were associated with mortality.

Conclusions:

Acute PD in critically ill children with renal impairment is a lifesaving procedure. Treatment of shock with resuscitative measures and respiratory failure with mechanical ventilation, along with PD, resulted in favorable renal outcome.
Clinical characteristics associated with the properties of gut microbiota in peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Jiang Na , Zhang Chenhong , Feng Hao , Yuan Jiangzi , Ding Li , Fang Wei , Gu Aiping , Huang Jiaying , Li Na , Gu Leyi , Ni Zhaohui , Mou Shan
Published: December 2020

Background:

Gut microbiota alters in patients with end-stage renal disease, which contributes to inflammation, atherosclerosis, and results in increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases. The present study investigated the potential clinical factors, which influence the gut microbial structure and function in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD).

Methods:

This is a cross-sectional study performed in 81 prevalent PD patients. Gut microbiota was assessed by high throughput sequencing of 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene in fecal samples. Gas chromatography was conducted to measure stool short-chain fat acid (SCFA) concentrations. Demographic parameters and clinical characteristics, including dialysis regimen, residual renal function, nutrition, and inflammation, were retrieved and related to the properties of gut microbiota.

Results:

PD duration, peritoneal glucose exposure, and estimated glomerulus filtration rate (eGFR) were identified to be associated with microbial variations. Significant separation of microbial composition was shown between patients with short or long PD duration ( p = 0.015) and marginal differences were found between patients grouped by different levels of peritoneal glucose exposure ( p = 0.056) or residual renal function ( p = 0.063). A couple of gut bacteria showed different abundance at amplicon sequencing variant level between these patient groups ( p < 0.05). In addition, stool isobutyric and isovaleric acid concentrations were significantly reduced in patients with longer dialysis duration, higher peritoneal glucose exposure, or declined eGFR ( p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

This pilot study demonstrated that long dialysis duration, high peritoneal glucose exposure, and loss of residual renal function were associated with gut microbiota alteration and reduced branched-chain SCFA production in PD patients.
How Race Counts for Latinx Homeownership
Authors: Martinez Brandon P. , Aja Alan A.
Published: December 2020

In recent decades, the racial wealth gap has widened with extant literature reporting that Black and Latinx families hold fewer assets than white families. One such asset that receives substantial attention because of its wealth-generating principles is homeownership. Whereas intergroup homeownership inequalities are found throughout the literature, less is known about racialized inequality within groups. Latinxs provide a novel case for exploring how racialized homeownership inequality is structured within an ethnic group. Using data from the American Community Survey, we examine the odds of homeownership and predicted logged home values among Latinxs. We find that the association between race and housing outcomes varies substantially across Latinx groups. Drawing from theories of Latinx racial identity and the future of racial structures, we discuss the implications of our findings for understanding racial inequality among Latinx groups.
Psychological Distress and Alzheimer’s Disease Mortality in the United States: Results from the 1997–2014 National Health Interview Survey-National Death Index Record Linkage Study
Authors: Singh Gopal K. , Lee Hyunjung
Published: December 2020

Objective: This study examines the association between psychological distress and Alzheimer’s disease mortality among US adults aged ≥45. Methods: We analyzed the Kessler 6-item psychological distress scale as a risk factor for Alzheimer’s mortality using the pooled 1997–2014 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)- National Death Index (NDI) database ( N = 265,089). Cox regression was used to model mortality as a function of psychological distress and sociodemographic and behavioral covariates. Results: The Alzheimer’s mortality risk was 97% higher (HR = 1.97; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.37, 2.84) in adults with serious psychological distress compared with those without psychological distress, controlling for sociodemographic covariates. The relative mortality risk remained statistically significant (HR = 1.49; 95% CI = 1.04, 2.13) after additional adjustment for smoking, alcohol consumption, health status, activity limitation, and body mass index. Discussion: US adults had significantly higher risks of Alzheimer’s disease mortality at higher psychological distress levels. These findings underscore the significance of addressing psychological well-being as a strategy for reducing Alzheimer’s disease mortality.
Preparation of high-strength polyimide membranes capped by ionic liquids
Authors: Jiang Pengfei , Jia Hongge , Xu Jingyu , Zhou Hailiang , Zhang Mingyu , Xu Shuangping , Zang Yu , Zhang Xunhai , Zhang Yuyan
Published: December 2020

In this study, we firstly used 1-carboxyethyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquid as a capping agent to terminate a binary linear polyimide containing different groups such as ether bonds, carbonyl groups, and fluorine, and prepared six kinds of polyimides capped with ionic liquids (IL-PI). The mechanical properties of the polyimide membranes capped with ionic liquids were higher than those of the uncapped polyimide membranes. The elastic modulus of polyimide membrane from 1,3-bis (4-aminophenoxy) benzene (BPDA) and 3,3′4,4′-benzophenone tetracarboxydianhydride (BTDA) by using ionic liquid as the end capping agent (IL-BPDA-BTDA) was 2012 MPa, which is about 70 times higher than that without the end capping agent. In a TG test, all polyimides capped by ionic liquids showed good thermal properties. The residual amount of the polyimides was more than 40% at 1000 °C, which was higher than the other uncapped polyimides. In conclusion, polyimide membranes with high temperature resistance and high mechanical strength were prepared through an ionic liquid termination method.
An assembly deviation calculation method based on surface deviation modeling for circumferential grinding plane
Authors: Qiao Lihong , Shao Peilin , Zhao Hanqing , Huang Zhicheng
Published: December 2020

Performance of mechanical product is highly influenced by assembly deviation. Due to manufacturing errors, the real part surface is machined with morphology deviations, which would cause mating surface deviating from ideal position in assembly behavior, consequently leading to assembly deviation. Meanwhile, the random variation of relative position and orientation between two non-ideal parts also affects the assembly deviation. To efficiently obtain the maximum assembly deviation considering the comprehensive influence of two factors above for circumferential grinding plane, an assembly deviation calculation method based on surface deviation modeling is proposed in this paper. In this method, morphology deviations models of part surfaces are firstly established from the deviation function. The randomness of two factors are represented by a multivariate group with randomness containing deviation function coefficients and three deflected parameters. Then based on surface deviation modeling method, differential evolution algorithm is applied to search the maximum assembly deviation, which involves the construction of fitness function by implementing optimized progressive contact method and iterative operations of mutation, crossover and selection. Finally, the effectiveness of this method is illustrated by an assembly in the end.
Delayed Judgments of Learning Are Associated With Activation of Information From Past Experiences: A Neurobiological Examination
Authors: Kelley Timothy D. , McNeely Debbie A. , Serra Michael J. , Davis Tyler
Published: December 2020

Research in metacognition suggests that the information people use to predict their memory performance can vary depending on the contexts in which they make their predictions. For example, if people judge their memories after a delay from initial encoding, they may be more likely to use retrieved information about the past encoding experience than if they judged memories immediately after encoding. Although this seems intuitive, past behavioral and neuroimaging work has not tested whether delayed memory judgments are more strongly coupled with information about past experiences than immediate memory judgments. We scanned participants using functional MRI while they encoded paired associates and made predictions about their future memory performance either immediately after encoding or after a delay. Consistent with the hypothesis that people use retrieved information about past experiences to inform delayed memory judgments, our results showed that activation patterns associated with past experience were more strongly coupled with delayed memory judgments than with immediate ones.
A Case Report on Congenital Hyperinsulinism
Authors: Pagdar Sandip , Jobanputra Kunj , Sahni Mohit
Published: December 2020

Introduction:

Congenital hyperinsulinism (CH) is the most common reason for persistent hypoglycemia in neonates. Insulin levels increased inappropriately in the presence of hypoglycemia. Initial management is nonsurgical, but if it fails then partial pancreatectomy is done, which is a surgical procedure.

Objective:

To report newborn with CH and update medical and/or surgical treatment.

Case report:

It is reporting of a term newborn with severe symptomatic hypoglycemia not responding to medical treatment. Gene study was done—ABCC8 gene has been identified as homozygous deletion of exon 13 and parents ger08Y—showing heterozygous deletion of exon 13. Genetic study was consistent with focal CH.

Discussion:

This report presents diagnosis and clinical features of CH.
Do Institutions Promote Firm Performance? Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Jibir Adamu , Abdu Musa , Bello Farida , Garba Iliya
Published: December 2020

This article examines the roles of institutions in driving firms’ performance using merged Enterprise Panel Survey data sets collected and compiled by World Bank for 23 sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The study used labour productivity as a proxy of firms’ performance due to its advantages over total factor productivity. To address the problems of multiple sources of heterogeneity and simultaneity biases, the study employed high-dimensional fixed-effects model together with its instrumental variable version to estimate the impacts of institutions on firms’ performance in SSA. The study established that institutions contribute significantly and positively to firms’ performance in SSA. The study infers that control of corruption, government effectiveness, regulatory quality and rule of law are pro-market institutions that effectively create favourable business and investment climates. Other findings of the study include capital–labour ratio, export, high school, average labour costs, research and development (R&D) and capacity utilisation, which all drive the firm’s performance in SSA. Thus, the findings imply that prevailing and future policies on business, trade and investment in SSA should also incorporate institutional reforms as one of the essential measures to rapidly and sustainably boost economic performance in the region.
Activating the Benefit of Diversity Through Team Role Clarity and Implicit Coordination
Authors: Chen Shuai , Wang Weiliang , Cheng Jialin , Teng Da
Published: December 2020

Over the last several decades, studies on the relationship between task knowledge diversity and team performance have yielded mixed findings. Extending past studies, we propose that the impact of task knowledge diversity on team performance is dependent on the level of team role clarity and implicit coordination. This study, based on two-wave time-lagged data from 62 teams comprising 336 individuals, provided support for the proposed model and showed that team role clarity and implicit coordination moderate the relationship between task knowledge diversity and team performance. Overall, task knowledge diversity has a positive effect on team performance when either team role clarity or implicit coordination is high, and this effect is even stronger when both are high.
From the Savannah to the Corporate Office: The Evolution of Teams
Authors: Yong Jose , Park Guihyun , Spitzmuller Matthias
Published: December 2020

Just as social and organizational research has benefited significantly from evolutionary approaches, likewise an understanding of the evolution of teams can advance our knowledge of team formation and functioning. The current paper traces the multilevel emergence of teams as a unique type of group that evolved specially for complex task performance, outlines the evolved mechanisms that enable humans to use teams as a form of adaptive technology, and describes how teams leverage flexible structural adjustments and distinct human motives to tackle a wide range of challenges. We conclude by discussing the implications of this novel framework for team research.
Comprehensive Orthodontic Treatment of a Patient With Prader–Willi Syndrome
Authors: Uemura Yume , Oka Ayaka , Kurosaka Hiroshi , Yamashiro Takashi
Published: December 2020

Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic disorder caused by a defect in paternally expressed genes in the 15q11-q13 region. Prader–Willi syndrome affects many parts of the body and involves craniofacial and dentofacial abnormalities. We herein report the successful 2-stage orthodontic treatment of an 8-year-old girl with PWS caused by paternal 15q11-q13 deletion. She presented with a skeletal class II relationship with mandibular deviation, a deep overbite, and severe crowding of the lower dental arch. Functional appliance therapy was utilized to improve her skeletal discrepancy. The second phase of orthodontic treatment using fixed appliances was started at 14.5 years old, which improved her remained crowding and large overbite. As a result, her facial appearance and occlusion were improved without any discernible relapse after 2 years of retention. We describe the outcomes of orthodontic treatment for a patient with PWS and discuss the specific attention during orthodontic treatment.
Free lunch, structural violence, and normalization: A neo-Gramscian analysis of food waste and dumpster diving
Authors: Plank Andreas
Published: December 2020

Augmenting Antonio Gramsci’s concept of hegemony with Johan Galtung’s concept of structural violence and using multiple data sources this study examines the structural phenomenon food waste and the agentic phenomenon dumpster diving. I derive my interpretations from an analysis of reports on food waste by international organizations, US media coverage of food waste, and interviews with dumpster divers. At the structural level, the analysis shows how international organizations and media frame food waste as an economic and environmental—rather than a social justice issue and how they reproduce hegemonic neoliberal conceptualizations and discourses of food and food waste. At the agentic level, the analysis shows how these hegemonic conceptualizations and discourses affect dumpster divers and how an environmental ideological motivation contains an anticapitalistic ideological motivation. Building on my neo-Gramscian analysis, I highlight the potential threat that environmental discourses might stabilize neoliberal hegemony by offering appealing consent-structures and contain more fundamental, social justice-based, critique of the neoliberal social order. To preserve its inherently critical and counter-hegemonic potential, I develop a conceptual model of food waste and discuss its relevance for critical management and organization studies.
Marketing for sustainability: Travellers’ intentions to stay in green hotels
Authors: D’Souza Clare , Apaolaza Vanessa , Hartmann Patrick , Brouwer Anne Renée
Published: December 2020

The study proposes a conceptual model to investigate the relationship between values, perceived trust, voluntary reduction tourist eco-behaviours, PCE, and the intention for staying in green hotels. A survey on 266 respondents and statistical measures using SEM was used to analyse the data. The study examines whether PCE has a mediating relationship between values, eco-behaviour, trust, and intention to stay in green hotels, as well as a direct relationship. Furthermore, it also examines whether both voluntary reduction travel behaviour (which we call eco-behaviour) and perceived trust (i.e. trust) in green hotels act as mediator between values and intention to stay at green hotels. The findings are anticipated to shed some light on how Values, Eco-behaviours, PCE and Trusts are related, and together, these two objectives offer important insights for marketing practitioners.
The day after the apology: A critical discourse analysis of President Tsai’s national apology to Taiwan’s indigenous peoples
Authors: Chu Rong-Xuan , Huang Chih-Tung
Published: December 2020

In 2016, Taiwan’s President Tsai Ing-wen officially apologised to the island’s indigenous peoples. This national apology not only plays a persuasive role in informing the general public about the historical wrongdoings inflicted on the Taiwanese aborigines, but also constitutes a therapeutic and restorative role in the process of reconciliation with the indigenous victims. This article provides a critical discourse analysis of President Tsai’s apology. In particular, it examines the power and ideology embedded in both the speech and the related ceremony, and is supplemented with extracts from interviews with a cross-section of key stakeholders, such as a former Constitutional/Supreme Court Justice, indigenous/tribal leaders and members/staff/advisers from the Presidential Office Indigenous Historical Justice and Transitional Justice Committee. The analysis reveals that, despite President Tsai’s apology and reconciliation policies, instead of facilitating reconciliation, the apology appears to exacerbate the long-standing latent tension between indigenous and non-indigenous groups. While the apology opens a window for reconciliation, a higher level of commitment is required to promote structural and systemic changes, such as land restitution, before the apology can be deemed adequate.
Differential Item and Test Functioning of the SRSS-IE12 Across Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Elementary Level
Authors: Barger Brian , Graybill Emily , Roach Andrew , Lane Kathleen
Published: December 2020

This study used item response theory (IRT) methods to investigate group differences in responses to the 12-item Student Risk Screening Scale–Internalizing and Externalizing (SRSS-IE12) in a sample of 3,837 U.S. elementary school students. Using factor analysis and graded response models from IRT methods, we examined the factor structure and the item and test functioning of the SRSS-IE12. The SRSS-IE12 internalizing and externalizing factors reflected the hypothesized two-factor model. IRT analyses indicated that SRSS-IE12 items and tests measure internalizing and externalizing traits similarly across students from different race, ethnicity, gender, and elementary level (K–Grade 2 vs. Grades 3–5) groups. Moreover, the mostly negligible differential item functioning (DIF) and differential test functioning (DTF) observed suggest these scales render equitable trait ratings. Collectively, the results provide further support for the SRSS-IE12 for universal screening in racially diverse elementary schools.
Microglial Cells in Epilepsy: Not That Bad After All?
Authors: Jones Nigel C.
Published: December 2020

[Box: see text]
Thalamic Stimulation to Stay Stimulated After a Seizure
Authors: Buchanan Gordon F.
Published: December 2020

[Box: see text]