bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psikiyatri Hemşireleri Tarafından Şizofreni Tanılı Hastalara Uygulanan Psikososyal Rehabilitasyon Programları: Sistematik Derleme
Authors: ÇALIŞKAN Mahinur Betül , ATA Elvan Emine , DİKEÇ Gül
Published: March 2021

Bu derlemenin amacı, psikiyatri hemşireleri tarafından şizofreni tanılı hastalara uygulanan psikososyal rehabilitasyon programları ile ilgili çalışmaları gözden geçirmektir. Bu çalışmada, 15-31 Mayıs 2019 tarihleri arasında Türk Psikiyatri Dizini (1) ve Pubmed (7) veri tabanları taranarak 2008-2019 yılları arasında yayınlanan 8 nicel çalışma ele alındı. Makaleler incelenirken, raporlama özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesinde 27 maddeli PRISMA Bildirimi kullanıldı. Sistematik tarama sonucunda 8 makaleye ait bulgular/sonuçlar çizelge olarak sunuldu. Yayınlanan çalışmalarda, psikiyatri hemşireleri tarafından şizofreni tanılı hastalara uygulanan psikososyal rehabilitasyon programlarının; duygusal ifadenin geliştirilmesine yönelik eğitimler, duygu tanımanın yer aldığı bilişim teknolojileri uygulamaları, taburculuk sonrasını kapsayan psikoeğitimler, işitsel halüsinasyon semptom yönetim programı, müzik terapisi ve ev ziyaretleri olduğu saptandı. Ayrıca yapılan çalışmalarda; söz konusu psikososyal rehabilitasyon programları ile hastaların sosyal-bilişsel işlevsellik, yaşam kalitesi ve ilaç uyumunda artma, hastanede yatış süresinde ve nükslerde azalma, işitsel halüsinasyonlarla baş edebilme, duygu tanımalarında iyileşme gibi pek çok olumlu etkileri olduğu belirlendi. Yapılan çalışmalarda şizofreni tanılı hastaların psikososyal rehabilitasyonunda psikiyatri hemşireleri tarafından yapılan sınırlı sayıda çalışmanın olduğu, psikiyatri hemşirelerinin rehabilitasyon alanında yaptıkları girişimlerin sonuçlarının değerlendirildiği çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğu saptandı.
Opioid Kullanım Bozukluklarında İmmünoterapi
Authors: GENİŞ Bahadır , AKSU Hakan , ARIKAN Zehra
Published: March 2021

Opioid kullanım bozuklukları dünya çapında ölümcül bir sorundur. Farmakolojik tedaviler yoksunluk için etkilidir, ancak bağımlılığın tedavisinde yetersiz kalmaktadır. İmmünoterapi, opioid kullanım bozukluklarında umut verici bir tedavi yöntemidir. İmmünoterapi, antikorlarla maddeleri tespit etmeyi ve yakalamayı amaçlamaktadır. Maddelere karşı üretilen spesifik antikorlar psikoaktif bir maddeye bağlanır ve kan / beyin bariyerinden geçmelerini önler. Kan beyin bariyerini geçemeyen psikoaktif madde hem öfori etkisini hem de solunum depresyonu gibi yan etkilerini ortaya koyamayacaktır. Klinik öncesi çalışmalar etkinlik ve güvenilirlik açısından kısmen yeterlidir. Bununla birlikte, aşıları takiben kanda uzun süreli yüksek antikor seviyeleri elde edilememiştir. Klinik araştırma düzeyine ulaşmış olan opioid aşıları ile ilgili çalışma sayısı çok düşüktür. Aşıların etkinliğini artırma çabaları devam etmektedir. Bu çalışmalarda olumlu sonuçlar alınmasına rağmen aşılama çalışmalarında bazı zorluklar bulunmaktadır. Aşı gelişiminin mali yükü, opioid bağımlılarında çoklu maddelerin kullanımı, opioidlerin bağışıklık sistemi baskılanması ve opioid saflık derecesindeki değişiklikler bunlardan bazılarıdır. Tüm bu zorluklara rağmen, immünoterapi araştırmacıların ve hastaların umutla bekledikleri tedavidir.
Öyküsel Terapinin Dışavurumcu Sanat Uygulamaları ile Bütünleşmesi
Authors: BAŞTEMUR Şule , BAŞ Esra
Published: March 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı öyküsel terapinin ne olduğu ve dışavurumcu sanat uygulamalarının öyküsel terapiyle nasıl bütünleşeceği ile ilgili bilgi vermektir. Öyküsel terapinin doğasının sanat uygulamaları ile bütünleşmeye uygun bir yapısı olması nedeniyle bu derleme çalışması öyküsel terapi ile sanat uygulamalarına odaklanmaktadır. Bu amaçla bu çalışmada sırasıyla öyküsel terapinin ne olduğu, nasıl ortaya çıktığı, kullanım alanları, kuramsal temelleri, insan doğasına bakışı, temel kavramları, terapistin rolü ve özellikleri, terapötik amaçları, kullanılan teknikler ve terapi sürecinin aşamaları vurgulanmıştır. Daha sonra dışavurumcu sanat uygulamalarının öyküsel terapi ile nasıl entegre olabileceği ile ilgili bilgi verilmiştir. Son olarak etkinliklere, olgu örneğine ve uygulamalara yer verilmiştir.
Regulation of water regime of sod-podzolic soil in fruit tree nursery and water distribution pattern in the soil profile under different irrigation regimes
Authors: Romanovskaya A. Yu. , Shumakova K. B.
Published: March 2021

Based on the results of field experiments carried out in the nursery of Michurin garden of Russian State Agrarian University named after K.A. Timiryazev, rational irrigation schedules for apple-tree seedlings of different age (1-, 2- and 3-year-old) were developed and scientifically substantiated. Excess water was diverted from the experimental plot by underground drainage system, and the drip irrigation system was used for watering plants. With its characteristic low rate of water usage and highly frequent irrigation applications it allows the moisture content to be maintained within a narrow range. The effectiveness of irrigation schedules was evaluated by the response of seedling – their biometric characteristics, determining the productivity of apple trees in orchard in future, such as average plant height, stem diameter at 20 cm height, leaf surface area, which were measured. The amount of high-quality planting stock was recorded in each variant as well. In order to btain 1-year-old apple seedlings it is recommended to maintain soil moisture within the range of 70–90% of field capacity (FC). This irrigation schedule results in the maximum amount of standard planting stock (1-st and 2-nd category) – 25.9 thousand seedlings per ha, with the average leaf surface area of 1 468 cm2, trunk diameter – 1.8 cm, plant height – 140 cm. For 2- and 3-year-old seedlings the differentiated irrigation schedule was developed, whereby the moisture content and depth of the wetted layer varies as the root system grows. In the first year of growth soil moisture should be maintained within the range of 70–90% FC in 0–30 cm layer because of the poorly developed root system; for 2- and 3-year-old nurslings soil moisture can be reduced to 60–80% FC in 0–40 cm and 0–50 cm layer respectively. The height of 2-year-old seedlings was on average 174 cm, leaf surface area – 3 715 cm2, stem diameter at 20 cm height was 2.3 cm, the amount of standard planting stock was 25 thousand seedlings per ha. The 3-year-old seedlings reached the height of 214 cm, were characterized by leaf surface area of 5 973 cm2, stem diameter at 20 cm of 2.8 cm, the yield of standard seedlings was also 25 thousand seedlings per ha. Moreover, for two variants of irrigation (60–80% FC and 70–90% FC) moisture distribution contours immediately after irrigation, 24 hours after irrigation and before the next irrigation application were designed. The areas of segments with different moisture content in vertical section of contours were calculated, thus, revealing the character of moisture distribution down the soil profile and allowing performance of comparative characteristic of irrigation schedules. The obtained wetting contours indicate the absence of unproductive losses of irrigation water for infiltration into the underlying horizons when the considered drip irrigation schedules were applied.
POLITIK PEMBERLAKUAN SYARI`AT ISLAM DI ACEH DAN KELANTAN (1993-2014)
Authors: Zada Khamami
Published: March 2021

The application of Islamic rules in Aceh and Kelantan is also related to the political power. There is a significant difference about political treatment on the application of Islamic law in Aceh and Kelantan. In Aceh, the central government (Indonesia) thinks that it is needed to apply jinâyah law in Aceh as a strategy to solve conflicts. This political rule has been applied in the republic of Indonesia since the leadership of Habibie, Abdurrahman Wahid, Megawati Soekarno Putri to Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. The main factor that influences the Indonesian political government rule is the central conflict with the Acehnese in the leadership of Soeharto presidential to the Helsinski Agreement 2005. Some vertical conflicts happened between the central government and the Acehnese were solved by giving special autonomy in applying the Islamic rules. Not only family law and economic law which are given autonomy to be applied in Aceh, but also the autonomy to apply jinâyah Law. In Kelantan, Federal government (Malaysia) did not have political wish to apply Jinayah Law in Kelantan since the leadership of Mahathir Muhammad, Abdullah Badawi to Najib Razak. Moreover the federal government made the issue of the application of jinâyah law as the political commodity to get the political sympathy from the people, who are the partner of non Moslem voters in the national ranks and some Moslem voters who are not affiliated with PAS. This political needs factor is kept by the Federal Government to respond the Kelantan’s government wish to apply Islamic rules.Copyright (c) 2015 by Al-Ihkam. All right reserved DOI : 10.19105/al-ihkam.v10i1.588
FORMULASI BARU EPISTEMOLOGI FIQH PEREMPUAN
Authors: Harisudin M Noor
Published: March 2021

Though the world has changed, factually, our fiqh marginalizes women and not critical of social inequality among women. The social system is no longer a patriarchal, but it’s more based on gender equality. Therefore, the existence of more moderat and friendly fiqh for women should be realized. Fiqh should be designed with epistemology based on the mashlahah of women. This article proposes a new formulation towards epistemology of women fiqh and/ or new ushul fiqh which are really friendly towards women. This article recommends that the formation of Islamic law which is tends to neglect women is a sine qua none. Reform must be arranged through the epistemological realm, methodology, and product of women fiqh. All the three go hand in hand with its main core to potitioning the women in equal place. Thus, product of women fiqh that is better suited to the changing places and times will become a true.Copyright (c) 2016 by Al-Ihkam. All right reservedDOI: 10.19105/al-ihkam.v10i2.735
Pengaruh Islam dan Budaya dalam Pembentukan Hukum dI Indonesia
Authors: Baehaqi Ja'far
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT There is a relationship between Islam and culture on the one hand and the law on the other. This paper attempts to answer the question about the influence of Islam and the culture in the formation of law in Indonesia. Through a systems approach gained answer that Islam and culture in Indonesia plays an important role in creating social order and piety. As a comprehensive belief system that includes the dimensions of the hereafter and worldly at the same time Islam play the role as a source of inspiration and legitimacy. Meanwhile, as a product of human in responding to natural and life lived culture played a role as a way of life and behavior on the side of religion. As a means to create order and a tool of social engineering, law in Indonesia can not be separated from Islam and culture. Establishment of state law will inevitably have to consider Islam and culture. If not, then the law will be alienated and lose relevance.
Urgensi Fatwa MUI dalam Pembangunan Sistem Hukum Ekonomi Islam di Indonesia
Authors: Fariana Andi
Published: March 2021

Fatwa tidak sama dengan hukum positif yang memiliki kekuatan mengikat bagi seluruh warganegara, namun fatwa dapat memiliki kekuatan mengikat setelah ditransformasi ke dalam peraturan perundang-undangan. Fatwa yang dikeluarkan oleh DSN-MUI (Dewan Syariah Nasional Majelis Ulama Indonesia) kurang lebih sebanyak 107 fatwa dan telah memberi kontribusi positif terhadap regulasi sistem hukum ekonomi syariah. Fatwa DSN-MUI menjadi bagian penting dalam sistem Hukum Republik Indonesia yang berdasarkan pada Pancasila sila pertama adalah Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa dan salah satu dari the living law-nya adalah Hukum Islam. Metode penelitian yuridis normatif ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan deskriptif analitis, yaitu menggambarkan secara sistematis, faktual dan akurat, segala fakta dan permasalahan yang diteliti dikaitkan dengan teori-teori hukum dan dengan (1) pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach), (2) pendekatan sejarah (hystorical approach), (3) pendekatan  politis (Political approach). Selanjutnya, data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara yuridis kualitatif dengan memperhatikan sistem hukum yang berlaku dan kemudian dilakukan penafsiran. (Fatwa is not the same as the state law which has binding force for all citizens, but it may have binding force after being transformed into a legislation. Fatwas that have been issued by the DSN-MUI (the National Sharia Council of Indonesian Ulama Council) are approximately 107 fatwas and have contributed positively to the regulation of the legal system of Islamic economics. Fatwa of the DSN-MUI has became an important part in the law system of the Republic of Indonesia which is based on Pancasila (The Five Principles) in which the first principle of the Pancasila is the Almighty God and one of its living law is Islamic law. This research applies normative legal method with analytical descriptive approach, which describes systematically, factually and accurately all the facts and problems being studied. This is done by associating them with theories of law through (1) statute approach, (2) hystorical approach, and (3) Political approach. Next, the data obtained are analyzed through juridical qualitative method by considering the legal system before being interpreted)
Membangun Fiqih Toleransi: Refleksi Fatwa-Fatwa Terhadap “Aliran Sesat” di Indonesia
Authors: Sabri Fahruddin Ali
Published: March 2021

Sebagai negara yang terdiri dari berbagai ras, suku, bahasa, budaya dan agama, seharusnya Indonesia mampu mengayomi perbedaan-perbedaan yang terjadi. Hal ini telah dijamin oleh Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 pasal 29 ayat 2. Islam seharusnya mampu teraktualisasi dalam kehidupan nyata ketika berhadapan dengan sebuah realitas historis, sosiologis dan budaya masyarakat. Fenomena aliran yang dianggap sesat ini selalu mendapatkan perhatian serius dari Majelis Ulama Indonesia dan Nahdlatul Ulama. Fatwa terhadap “aliran sesat” ini bersifat sebagai nasihat dan tidak mengikat. Pelabelan ini sebenarnya dapat menyebabkan terjadinya ketidaknyamanan dan disharmonis antar kelompok masyarakat. Fatwa MUI dan NU ini bukan menyelesaikan permasalahan bahkan dapat menjadikan perpecahan antar kelompok sosial masyarakat, permusuhan dna pertikaian yang merugikan kerukunan nasional. Seharusnya mereka tidak berfatwa menurut hukum normatif yang semata-mata hanya menggunakan pendekatan teologis sehingga lebih bersifat judgmental, hendaknya melihat pada kondisi sosial dan psikologi masyarakat. MUI dan NU hendaknya mengeluarkan fatwa yang mengedepankan nilai-nilai kemanusiaan sehingga dapat menciptakan keharmonisan dalam berbangsa dan bernegara, terwujud dengan sikap saling toleransi, menghormati dan menghargai terhadap keyakinan-keyakinan yang ada. (As a country consisting of a variety of race, language, culture and religion, Indonesia is supposed to maintain and take care of the existing differences. This is legally protected by 1945 Constitution Article 29 Verse 2. However, the phenomenon of some sects considered as deviant shows otherwise. Those sects always get much attention from both Indonesian Council of Ulama’ (MUI) and Nahdlatul Ulama’ which issue some fatwas later on. Those fatwas are actually advisory instead of compulsory. However, the labeling as deviant possibly causes disharmony and disintegration among society. Therefore, those fatwas do not solve the problems. In fact, they would trigger any friction among social groups and lead into any disadvantageous fights which could threaten the national harmony.The process of fatwa making should not be based on the normative laws which solely use and consider theological approach and result the judgmental product of fatwa. Instead, the social and psychological condition of society needs to take into account. MUI and NU need to issue fatwas which consider and put forward the appreciation on the humanistic values to build national harmony with tolerance and mutual respect on every existing belief).
The Transformation of Ijârah: from Fiqh to Syariah Banking Products
Authors: Hasanudin Hasanudin , Yaqin Ainul
Published: March 2021

Ijârah begins from the concept of classical fiqh as a transaction that sustains the development of Islamic banking. The wide range of banking products produced from the concept of ijarah is the basis for developing the concept of jurisprudence from classical fiqh contact to banking products in the form of financing. These developments can be seen from a large number of banking products that use ijârah contracts, especially those related to services. This development lies in the merger of ijârah contracts with several other contracts such as wakalah. Another development that exists in the path to ijarah financing is seen from the foundation. In classical fiqh concept, ijârah is a product of fiqh ijtihad which is ẓanni or not binding. Every Muslim may practice the concept of jurisprudence from many scholars as ijtihad. However, in the financing of the surcharge, it is a combination of several contracts and is based on the DSN-MUI fatwa which is more binding for Islamic financial institutions on the recommendation of the Islamic banking law. (Ijârah yang berawal dari konsep fikih klasik merupakan salah satu transaksi yang menopang perkembangan perbankan syariah. Luasnya cakupan produk perbankan yang dihasilkan dari konsep ijarah menjadi dasar bagi pengembagan konsep ijârah dari kontak fikih klasik menuju produk perbankan dalam bentuk pembiayaan. Perkembangan tersebut dapat dilihat dari banyaknya produk perbankan yang menggunkaan akad ijârah terutama yang berkaitan dengan jasa. Perkembangan tersebut terletak dari penggabungan kontrak ijârah dengan beberapa kontrak yang lain seperti wakalah. Perkembangan lain yang ada pada ijârah ke pembiayaan ijarah adalah dilihat dari dasar pijakan. Dalam kensep fikih klasik, ijârah merupakan produk ijtihad fikih yang bersifat dzanni tidak mengikat. Setiap orang Islam boleh mengamalkan konsep ijârah dari ulama manapun yang bersifat ijtihad. Namun dalam pembiayaan ijârah selaian merupakan gabungan dari beberapa akad dan berpijak pada fatwa DSN-MUI yang lebih mengikat bagi lembaga keuangan syariah atas anjuran dari undang-undang perbankan syariah.
RAGAM TEORI INTERPRETASI HADÎTS NABI SAW (Telaah atas Implikasi Logis dari Keragaman Interpretasi Hadîts)
Authors: Ghazali Ghazali
Published: March 2021

Keragaman teori interpretasi terhadap Hadîts al-Syarîf (tekstual dan kontekstual) menimbulkan implikasi yang sangat signifikan terhadap produk-produk fiqih Islam. Hal tersebut tidak hanya dirasakan oleh umat Islam dahulu, akan tetapi kita yang hidup di era modern inipun merasakan hal yang serupa. Di mana sebagian problematika yang dihadapi bangsa Indonesia terimplikasi oleh adanya keberagaman interpretasi tersebut, seperti masalah jender (kepemimpinan formal sosok wanita dalam pemerintahan), sistem pembagian harta warisan, pembaharuan hukum posistif  Indonesia dan lain-lain. Maka dalam menyikapi dan memandang keragaman tersebut tentunya umat Islam terutama kalangan intelektual dituntut untuk bersikap bijaksana, sebab bagaimanapun juga, ini semua sudah ada di depan mata sehingga sangatlah tidak mungkin bagi kita untuk menutup mata dari fenomena keragaman ini. Dan kita yakin bahwa  disamping adanya sisi negatif di balik keragaman itu semua, pasti ada sisi positif yang bermanfaat dalam proses pendewasaan pola pikir umat.
Meneropong Konsep Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Telaah atas Kontribusi Sistem Ekonomi Islam terhadap Sistem Ekonomi Konvensional dalam Konsep Pertumbuhan Ekonomi
Authors: Abidin Zainal
Published: March 2021

Manusia sebagai makhluk yang memiliki berbagai kebutuhan yang harus dipenuhi untuk mempertahankan kelangsungan hidupnya. Untuk mendapatkan kebutuhan-kebutuhan dasar tersebut, manusia harus berusaha untuk mendapatkannya melalui berbagai bidang termasuk di bidang ekonomi.    Meningkatnya pertumbuhan ekonomi merupakan salah satu syarat penting bagi terpenuhinya kebutuhan manusia. Dalam pandangan ekonomi konvensional, pertumbuhan ekonomi secara garis besar ditujukan untuk kesejahteraan materi. Islam juga memandang bahwa pertumbuhan ekonomi merupakan satu sarana untuk menjamin tegaknya keadilan sosial secara kekal.Pertumbuhan ekonomi (economic growth) didefinisikan sebagai peningkatan dalam kapasitas suatu bangsa jangka panjang untuk memproduksi aneka barang dan jasa bagi rakyatnya. Sebuah pertumbuhan produksi atau hasil yang terus menerus dengan cara yang benar yang dapat memberikan konstribusi bagi kesejahteraan umat manusia).Faktor-Faktor Pertumbuhan Ekonomi adalah sumber-sumber investasi yang identik dengan modal, sumber daya manusi yang identik dengan tenaga kerja, enterpreneurship (jiwa wira usaha) dan kemajuan teknologi. Semua faktor tersebut  juga dikenal dalam Islam dan tidak ada pertentangan bahkan dukungan dari konsep Islam terhadap faktor-faktor tersebut.Pengukuran pertumbuhan ekonomi dalam ekonomi Islam adalah sama dengan  ekonomi konvensional, hanya saja ada tambahan unsur Zakat dalam proses perhitungannya GNP.Pertumbuhan ekonomi dalam perspektif Islam harus memasukkan aspek aksiologis (nilai, moral) agar pertumbuhan ekonomi tidak hanya diorientasikan kepada kesejahteraan materi saja melainkan memasukkan juga aspek ruhaniyah. Selanjutnya, maksimalisasi tingkat pertumbuhan pendapatan nasional perse, tanpa mempedulikan dampaknya atas distribusi pendapatan dan kesejahteraan umum, tidak dapat menjadi sasaran utama dalam perekonomian Islam.Dalam ekonomi Islam pertumbuhan ekonomi yang dituju adalah pertumbuhan optimal, baik dari segi kesejahteraan materi maupun rohani, Islam tidak memperkenankan konsumsi modal dan pertumbuhan yang melampaui batas yang memaksakan pengorbanan yang tidak alamiah bagi manusia.Namun demikian, yang lebih baik dari keduanya adalah pertumbuhan yang tinggi tanpa memaksakan pengorbanan yang tidak alamiah dari manusia dan disertai dengan distribusi pendapatan yang merata.
REAKTUALISASI FIQH INDONESIA (Telaah atas Kontribusi Pemikiran Hukum Hasbi ash-Shiddieqy)
Authors: Maimun Maimun
Published: March 2021

Fiqh Indonesia adalah hasil rumusan hukum Islâm para ahli hukum (mujtahid) Indonesia yang dijabarkan dari sumber hukum primernya (al-Qur'ân dan Hadîts) dengan mempertimbangkan situasi dan kondisi serta adat istiadat budaya bangsa ini, hal tersebut sudah lama bergulir, dan tidak sedikit hasil karya para mujtahid tentang fiqh yang sebenarnya sudah dapat dinikmati oleh bangsa kita. Salah seorang mujtahid yang memberikan kontribusi fiqh ala Indonesia adalah Hasbi ash-Shiddieqy. Tulisan ini akan mengkaji ulang pemikiran Hasbi tersebut dan menawarkan wacana fiqh baru yaitu fiqh yang berbasis lokalitas. Fiqh ini merupakan salah satu upaya reaktualisasi fiqh Indonesia.
EQUALITAS GENDER (Konsep dan Aktualisasinya dalam Islâm serta Implikasinya atas Rumusan Hukum Islâm)
Authors: Naser Jamal Abd
Published: March 2021

Tulisan ini secara deskriptif argumentatif  berusaha mengkaji konsep Islâm tentang kesetaraan gender. Di dalamnya dideskripsikan juga aktualisasi kesetaraan gender dalam perspektif dinamika sosial baik pada level akademis maupun aksi sosial. Tulisan ini akhirnya sampai pada suatu kesimpulan, bahwa konsep feminisme liberal  tentang kesetaraan gender lebih equivalen dengan perspektif Islâm, sehingga sampai batas tertentu, ia  dapat diterima oleh masyarakat Muslim, melalui pintu masuk kritis-transformatif-adaptif. Lebih dari itu, konsep tersebut   berimplikasi teoritis atas beberapa rumusan hukum Islâm, seperti kemungkinan kesetaraan dalam otoritas persaksian dan pola kewarisan antara laki-laki dan perempuan.
KEADILAN SOSIO-EKONOMI (Kajian atas Distribusi Pendapatan dan Kekayaan yang Merata dalam Perspektif Islâm)
Authors: Abidin Zainal
Published: March 2021

Keadilan merupakan salah satu tujuan utama pembangunan di bidang sosio-ekonomi. Hal ini merupakan salah satu filsafat moral Islâm. Namun ternyata hal itu sangat sulit untuk diaplikasikan. Secara teoritis ternyata memang hal itu sangat lengkap, namun dalam tataran praktis sulit diaplikasikan, sehingga sebenarnya yang menjadi benang kusut adalah bagaimana adanya suatu keberanian untuk mengurai benang kusut tersebut berupa aplikasi dari teori yang ada. Kalau dalam tataran teori sudah baik dan didukung dengan aplikasi yang berkualitas, berupa aktualisasi, maka keadilan akan terwujud yaitu keadilan secara merata berupa distribusi pendapatan dan kekayaan secara merata akan dicapai.
IJTIHÂD DENGAN PENDEKATAN AL-RA’Y (Menimbang Penggunaan Pendekatan Logika dalam Istinbâth al-Ahkâm)
Authors: Ishomuddin Abbadi
Published: March 2021

ليس الإجتهاد علم ولا فن ولا فلسفة فحسب وإنما منهج في الابداع والتجديد المنشود من أجل الارتقاء بمسؤلية الفرد التاريخية وبالشهود الحضاري لأمة المسلمين. إن قراءة النص في ضوء مفرداته وسياقاته تؤول إلى استنباط مقاصده وضوابطه العقدية والأخلاقية والتشريعية، وهو جهد منهجى عقلي الذي يهدف إلى إخراج دلالاتها لعموم التزيل حتى تتحول مادة للتهذيب والتربية النفسية والعقلية والاجتماعية. ولذلك فإن الاجتهاد بالرأي أصبح ضرورة ملحة، ينبغي أن يحدد على أساس من طبيعة التشريع نفسه، بما هو نصوص ذات دلالات ومفاهيم ومقاصد لا يكفي منطق اللغة وحده في تبيين إرادة الشارع منها، فهو بذل للجهد العقلي من أهله في النصوص، استثمارا لطاقات النص في كافة دلالاته على معانيه وأحكامه، وتحديدا لمراد الشارع، مما أدى إلى اكتشاف العلاقة المنهجية بين الوحي والكون.
MUHAMMAD SA’ID AL-‘ASHMAWI (Mencabar Pemikirannya tentang Penerapan Syarî’ah di Mesir)
Authors: Hefni Moh.
Published: March 2021

The rise of a vigorous and sometimes violent Islamistmovement in Egypt has attracted considerable attentionfrom scholars. Less attention has been given to those whohave responded to this challenge at the level of ideologicaldebate. One of these is a prominent judge, Muhammad Sa’idal-‘Ashmawi. He argues that the call for the "application ofthe syarî’ah" (tathbîq al-sharî’ah), watchwords of the Islamistmovement, are in reality little more than empty slogans,designed to get popular support for a political venture butextremely vague and probably insignificant in substance. Intime, however, its meaning expanded, first to include all ofthe rules for worship and society found in the Qur’ân, thenthose in the sunna of the Prophet, and finally all the opinionsand judgments of the scholars (ijtihâd). But these opinionsand judgments are properly called fiqh, and the final result ofthe development is that in common usage the term syarî’ahhas come to mean fiqh.Those who use the slogan, however,are in fact calling for the application oí fiqh, that is, a set ofrules and laws devised by humans, not God, to meethistorical conditions of the past which no longer obtain. Indiscussing ribä, al-cAshmawi holds that current Egyptianlaw essentially conforms to the syarî’ah. The same is true ofthe rest of Egyptian law.
ISLÂM DAN PEREKONOMIAN ISLÂM DALAM PEMERINTAHAN MODERN
Authors: - Nashar
Published: March 2021

the basic 0f Islamic ekonomy, it is actuallydifferent with the basic of Modern Economic System.Because of the view of islam for ekonomy have thecharacteristic what may be in Modern Economic System.Islam has the guidence based the Al-Qur’ an and Hadistand the guidence has the interpretation. The systemdifference between Islam versus Modern System bears aconclusion : Islamic Ekonomy continuesly and by the allaspects compleyely concerning humanism. Islam has aeconomic system having the principle of responsibilitytowards a social community, social living have ability andpopulation economic stimulation. So for the last wise isdone by government will always relate with all element ofsociety. There are some economic system is not ruled yet inthe sources of Islamic law, as the poroblems of ekonomicsystem; BUDGET, so it needs to be new Ijtihad, therefore,that system always bases on the social service and in linewith the guidence of islamic law.
PENGEMBANGAN FIQH AL-‘ILMIYAH MELALUI PENDEKATAN MASHLAHAH DAN TAJDÎD
Authors: Thabrani Abdul Mukti
Published: March 2021

Pendekatan mashlahah dan tajdîd dapat digunakan oleh kaumMuslim guna mengembangkan kreatifitas dan inovasi diberbagai bidang termasuk untuk menjawab kegelisahanmenyangkut anjloknya prestasi di bidang teknologi, ilmupengetahuan, dan pertahanan. Namun tulisan ini tidakdalam rangka mendeskripsikan apa yang menjadi simpulpenyebab anjloknya berbagai prestasi kaum Muslim. Tulisanini sifatnya in look untuk menumbuhkan kesadaran bahwakedua pendekatan tersebut sudah digunakan oleh parapemikir muslim pada masa keemasan perdaban Islâm dimasa lampau. Terminologi pembaharuan, semisal tajdîd,islâh, dan segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan inovasidan kreatifitas sudah menjadi kosakata kaum muslim sejakabad ke-2 Hijriah. Dan kesemuanya itu terjabarkan denganjelas dalam pemahaman, sikap, tindakan, dan produk yangtelah dihasilkan dan dinikmati oleh dunia.
MANAKAR KAFÂ`AH DALAM PRAKTIK PERKAWINAN KYAI DI MADURA
Authors: Syukron Mahbub Syukron Mahbub
Published: March 2021

Abstrak: Kajian ini difokuskan pada persoalan, secara garis besar, bagaimana pandangan kyai tentang kafâ`ah dan praktiknya dalam perkawinan. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif karena subjek yang diteliti memerlukan pengamatan secara utuh dan menyeluruh tentang kondisi yang sebenarnya. Data dalam  kajian ini diperoleh melalui observasi partisipan, dan wawancara mendalam. Kajian ini menghasilkan temuan bahwa kyai melakukan perkawinan antar keluarga dekat dan kerabat yang berasal dari keluarga kyai juga. Mereka menghindari terjadinya perkawinan dengan kerabat lain yang berasal dari keluarga non kyai. Dalam kaitannya dengan sikap perkawinan kyai ini, ditemukan dua tipe kyai yang berbeda yaitu: Pertama, tipe  kyai fanatik keturunan; kedua, tipe kyai fleksibel dalam memberikan keputusan. Kyai fanatik keturunan menjadikan faktor keturunan sebagai alasan pertama dan utama dalam memilih pendamping hidup bagi anak-anaknya. dalam mengambil langkah tindakannya kyai fanatik keturunan ini setidaknya dipengaruhi oleh dua hal. Pertama, adanya wasiat nenek moyang yang diikuti oleh generasi berikutnya. Kedua, adanya usaha untuk menjaga kemurnian keturunan. Sedangkan kyai fleksibel tidak begitu  fanatik terhadap keturunan dalam mengambil keputusan. Dalam masalah kafâ’ah, selain faktor keturunan, mereka juga mempertimbangkan faktor yang lain, seperti faktor kekayaan, nilai agama yang kuat serta kecakapan ilmu pengetahuan.   Abstract: This study was designed to examine the view of kyai toward kafâ`ah and its practice in marriage. Qualitative approach has been used to collect intact and whole data from the subject by using the instruments of participatory observation and in-depth interview. It was found that kyai performs a marriage with the close family members and among relatives. They avoid a marriage with a family of different lineage particularly non-kyai family.  From the perspective of this marriage attitude, it could be catagorized two types of kyai. Firstly, is a kyai which is offspring fanatic, and secondly, a kyai which is flexible in giving decision. The former is influenced by two factors---firstly, ancestor will and second, the attempts to keep the family chasity. The later is not adhering strictly to the family genuinity. Kafâ`ah also takes a consideration on other factors such as opulence, the firm religious values, and knowledge proficiency.   Kata-kata Kunci: Kyai, kafâ`ah, Madura, dan perkawinan
MERETAS KORUPSI DALAM NEGARA DEMOKRASI (Sebuah Tawaran Hukum Islam melalui Konsep Istishlah)
Authors: - Nadir
Published: March 2021

Korupsi merupakan kejahatan yang dipandang sebagaikejahatan tingkat tinggi, bukan saja karena kejahatan inidilakukan secara sistematis, tetapi akibat yang ditimbulkandari kejahatan ini paralel dan merusak seluruh sistem yangterkena virus korupsi tersebut. Karenanya, ia diperlukansebuah penanggulangan yang menyeluruh dan sistematisbaik melalui cara penal maupun non penal. Apabila selamaini cara penal tidak bisa membuat jera pelaku korupsi, makalangkah selanjutnya adalah dengan cara non penal yaknimelalui moral virtue, yakni dengan membangun karakterkepribadian yang memotivasi seseorang secara instrinsikuntuk tidak melakukan korupsi, karena ia dinilai moralsebagai sebuah kebenaran. Dalam hukum Islam, konsep moralvirtue tersebut dikenal dengan konsep istishlah, yakniperbuatan seseorang yang mengarah kepada kebaikan ataukebutuhan manusia yang berdasarkan logika dipandangsebagai suatu kebenaran, walaupun tidak tercantum di dalamteks-teks suci.Abstract
IMPLIKASI AMBIGUITAS TEKS-TEKS AL-QUR`AN DALAM ISTINBÂTH HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Adriana Iswah
Published: March 2021

Bahasa Arab dan al-Qur`an merupakan dua pokok kajian yangtidak bisa terpisahkan. Jika kita mengaji teks-teks Al-Qur`an,mau tidak mau kita akan juga berhadapan dengan bahasa Arabsebagai bahasa al-Qur`an. Bahasa Arab dengan berbagai macamkeunikan yang menjadi ciri khasnya merupakan Allah satufaktor kemu’jizatan al-Qur`an. Bentuk-bentuk mufradat yangmemiliki variasi makna, uslûb, dan gaya bahasanya yangberbeda dibandingkan dengan seluruh bahasa yang ada didunia merupakan keistimewaan tersendiri yang dimilikinya.Sebagai kitab suci bagi umat Muslim, tak pelak al-Qur`an selalumenjadi bahan kajian bagi umatnya, dalam mana dilakukandengan cara mentransfer bahasa Arab ke dalam beragam bahasalainnya dengan berbagai macam metode. Dalam kaitan ini,seorang penerjemah akan berhadapan dengan berbagai macamkeunikan yang dimiliki bahasa Arab, di antaranya banyaknyateks-teks yang ‘bersayap’atau dalam kajian semantik disebutdengan teks-teks yang ambigu. Karenanya, pemahaman yangkomprehensif tentang konsep ambiguitas merupakan modalutama dalam menerjemah teks-teks al-Qur`an sebagai dasardalam melakukan istinbâth hukum.
ORISINALITAS HUKUM ISLAM (Meretas Kontroversi Seputar Kelahiran Hukum Islam)
Authors: Umar Muntaha
Published: March 2021

Salah satu problem yang masih menjadi perdebatan di kalanganahli hukum Islam adalah masalah kelahiran hukum Islam.Masalah tersebut telah memecah para ahli tersebut ke dalamdua kubu yang bertentangan. Kubu pertama berpendapatbahwa hukum Islam merupakan produksi para qadlî pada masaBani Umayah. Argumentasi yang disuguhkan adalah bahwaNabi Muhammad bukanlah seorang ahli hukum dan memangtidak meminati bidang ini. Sebaliknya, kubu kedua berpendapatbahwa hukum Islam sesungguhnya lahir pada masa NabiMuhaammad dan bahkan diformulasikan sendiri olehnya.Perdebatan antara kedua kubu inilah yang hendakdiperlihatkan dalam artikel ini disertai argumentasi yangmendasari kubu masing-masing dan kritik yang dilancarkanoleh keduanya. Pandangan kubu pertama bisa dipahamikarena dalam mengembangkan tesisnya, ia tidak melihat al-Qur’an sebagai unsur yang patut diperhitungkan. Sebaliknya,kubu kedua mendasarkan tesisnya pada ayat al-Qur’an.
ESENSI TA’ABBUD DALAM KONSUMSI PANGAN (Telaah Kontemplatif atas Makna Halâl-Thayyib)
Authors: Thabrani Abdul Mukti
Published: March 2021

Tujuan awal penciptaan manusia adalah beribadah kepadaAllah swt. secara bertanggung jawab. Amalan wajib dansunnah dilaksanakan demi menyempurnakan hal ini.Makan dan minum, atau konsumsi sebagai kebutuhanhidup, merupakan salah satu faktor penyumbang terpentingdalam memberikan justifikasi terhadap diterima atauditolaknya suatu pekerjaan, dikaitkan dengan halalharamnya.Tulisan ini berupaya mendeskripsikan konsephalâl-thayyib dalam perspektif makna esensi ibadah sebagaitanggung jawab kita, serta pandangan ulama danimplementasinya dalam konteks global, dan tentu saja,implikasinya bagi kesempurnaan nilai ibadah. Halal danharam memang sudah diketahui melalui nash atau teks yangjelas dari al-Qur`an dan Sunnah. Namun, thayyib lebihmenjurus kepada kaidah pengendalian teknis, aplikasi, danpengurusan serta proteksi hal-hal yang berkaitan denganmakanan dan minuman yang dihalalkan. Makanan menjadiharam, jika unsur-unsur thayyib ini diabaikan.
DESAKAN SOSIOPOLITIK MUNCULNYA GAGASAN EVOLUSI SYARÎ'AH OLEH AN-NA’IM
Authors: Hefni Mohammad
Published: March 2021

Semenjak abad ke-19 M, telah tumbuh perjumpaan intensifantara dunia Muslim dengan peradaban Barat, yangmelahirkan implikasi yang cukup mencengangkan bagiperubahan struktur sosial dunia Muslim. Ketika dunia Muslimmeraih kembali independensinya secara politik daricengkeraman imperialisme dan hegemoni Barat pada abad ke-20 M, salah satu persoalan yang muncul kemudian adalahbagaimana memosisikan syarî'ah dan menjabarkannya kedalam sebuah formulasi yang ideal dan aktual agar mampumengakomodasikan seluruh warga negara dengan latarbelakang suku dan agama yang heterogen. Karenanya, iamenawarkan gagasan evolusi syarî'ah yang meniscayakansyarî'ah dapat menyahuti isu-isu penting bagi masa depankemanusiaan. Dalam membangun gagasannya tentang evolusisyarî’ah, An-Na’im menggunakan teori naskh. Naskh, menurutAn-Na’im, adalah menghapus ayat-ayat Madâniyah denganayat-ayat Makkiyah. Gagasan evolusi syarî’ah dilatarbelakangioleh setting sosiopolitik Sudan sebelum pecah menjadi SudanUtara dan Sudan Selatan.
AKSEPTABILITAS REGULASI KRIMINALISASI PELAKU KAWIN SIRRI MENURUT PEMUKA MASYARAKAT MADURA
Authors: Musawwamah Siti
Published: March 2021

Regulasi tentang perkawinan sirri dalam RUU HMPAdirespon dan bahkan diperdebatkan sangat serius olehberagam kalangan, termasuk para pemuka masyarakat diMadura. Regulasi yang diperdebatkan itu adalahkriminalisasi bagi pelaku perkawinan sirri danakseptabilitasnya dalam konteks kehidupan sosial dankeagamaan. Sebagian kelompok di antaranya mendukungdan sebagian lainnya menolak. Dukungan maupunpenolakan itu sampai pada derajat kontroversial, karenamasing-masing di antara dua kelompok itu saling bersikukuhpada pembenaran atas argumentasi dan dalil-dalil yangdikemukakannya. Para pendukung menanggapinya secarapositif sebagai kemajuan progresif dalam praksispembangunan hukum sesuai dengan dinamikaperkembangan masyarakat. Bagi mereka ekses dariperkawinan sirri sangat merugikan bagi pihak isteri secarahukum maupun sosial, demikian juga bagi anak keturunanmereka. Sebaliknya bagi kelompok penentang meresponsebagai suatu aturan yang mengada-ada, melampaui aturanhukum yang memayungi, bahkan mereduksi norma hukumperkawinan yang mereka pahami telah diatur secarakomprehensif dalam hukum agama. Meskipun demikiansebagian besar pemuka masyarakat Madura setujuperkawinan sirri diregulasikan dalam undang-undang tanpamengurangi esensi keabsahannya menurut ketentuan ajarandan hukum Islam. Oleh karena itu, adanya pembaruanregulasi yang akan mengriminalkan pelakunya baik berupapidana denda maupun kurungan perlu diapresiasi sebagai“sebuah ikhtiar” mengurangi praktik perkawinan sirri dimasyarakat.
KONSEP RAF’ AL-HARAJ DALAM PERSPEKTIF USHUL FIQIH
Authors: Sabri Fahruddin Ali
Published: March 2021

Salah satu dari prinsip umum dalam hukum Islam adalah raf’ al-haraj (menghilangkan kesulitan) yang mana kaidah ini manshush maupun yang merupakan hasil kesimpulan para pakar fiqih dan mujtahid. Keberadaan prinsip raf'u al-haraj mulai dari urusan aqidah sampai kepada urusan paling kecil dalam hal ibadah dan mu'amalah dalam bentuk yang memiliki kesesuaian dengan fitrah kemanusiaan dan kondisi psikologis seseorang. Karakteristik raf’ al-haraj dalam hukum Islam adalah adanya keterbukaan dalam berinteraksi sekaligus moderat. Ia berada di antara sikap menyulitkan dan sikap menggampangkan. Sifat ini merujuk pada makna lurus, adil, dan tengah-tengah. Tetapi tidak jarang kaidah ini dipakai sebagai justifikasi untuk menghalalkan sesuatu yang haram. Raf’ al-haraj keberadaannya berbeda dengan kaidah al-hîlah al-muharramah.
Parameter Estimation for Uniform-Geometric Distribution Based on Censored Sample
Authors: Koca Mehtap , Akdoğan Yunus , Karakaya Kadir
Published: March 2021

Recently, many new discrete distributions have been obtained. The uniform-geometric distribution is a newly obtained discrete distribution. In literature, parameter estimation is rare in the case of censored samples for new discrete distributions. In this study, the parameter estimation based on type-I censored sampling for the unknown parameter of the uniform geometric distribution is obtained using the maximum likelihood, methods of proportions, methods of moments, and modified maximum likelihood estimation methods. The performance of estimation methods is compared using the Monte Carlo simulation via biases and mean squared errors. Finally, two real data applications are given.
A ilusão de uma sociedade da informação na Ciência da Informação: o termo sob a perspectiva crítica de Mattelart, Bauman e García Canclini
Authors: Monteiro Ciro Athayde Barros , Almeida Junior Oswaldo Francisco de
Published: March 2021

Este estudo faz reflexão acerca do termo “sociedade da informação”, amplamente empregado nos artigos da área de Ciência da Informação, tentando compreender se a expressão é utilizada de forma “passiva” ou “crítica” e quais os impactos que essa noção traz ao campo. Para tanto, o objetivo foi analisar o uso do termo “sociedade da informação” na área em âmbito nacional e internacional. Trata-se de revisão de literatura feita por meio de duas plataformas, sendo a base Library and Information Science Abstracts, que continua sendo referência de serviço internacional de resumo e indexação destinado a profissionais de bibliotecas e outros especialistas em informação, e a Base de Dados de Referência de Artigos de Periódicos em Ciência da Informação, que se tornou referência em pesquisa na área de Ciência da Informação no Brasil. Os resultados demonstraram que mais de 80% dos pesquisadores, tanto nacionais como internacionais, utilizam o termo de forma passiva em seus textos. Com base nesses dados, o artigo recorre às ideias de Mattelart, Bauman e García Canclini e conclui refletindo acerca dos riscos de a área aceitar a noção de “sociedade da informação” de forma acrítica. Aponta, por meio dos autores, que esse termo foi criado para amenizar as atrocidades promovidas pela ampliação dos interesses econômicos em escala planetária, expandindo a atuação do capital livre que tornou o mundo do trabalho móvel e substituível, além de impor a valorização da produção cultural e científica dos países ricos.
A mediação da informação no resgate da visibilidade e dignidade dos vulneráveis: o caso das pessoas em situação de rua
Authors: Brito Tânia Regina de , Belluzzo Regina Celia Baptista , Almeida Júnior Oswaldo Francisco de
Published: March 2021

A mediação da informação é abordada sob a perspectiva da vulnerabilidade social, considerando-se como sujeitos informacionais as pessoas em situação de rua. Questiona-se se tal população além de não ter as suas necessidades básicas atendidas pelo governo, terá a sua voz ouvida por profissionais da informação. Assim, tem como objetivo refletir acerca da mediação da informação enquanto promotora no resgate da cidadania e dignidade das pessoas vulneráveis, num ambiente de bibliotecas públicas. Trata-se de estudo com abordagem qualitativa, a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica realizada em catálogos de bibliotecas universitárias e do Portal de Periódicos da CAPES, envolvendo temáticas, como: mediação da informação, vulnerabilidade social, pessoas em situação de rua, competência em informação e biblioteca pública. Entendida como um processo que, junto com a competência em informação, tem potencial transformador para munir as pessoas para o empoderamento informacional, podendo minimizar a condição de miséria, e sobretudo as múltiplas vulnerabilidades a que são expostas. Compreende-se que os profissionais da informação de bibliotecas públicas são mediadores capazes de contribuir para que aos vulneráveis, que recorrem a esses espaços, possam dar voz às suas necessidades informacionais, possibilitando-lhes assim, mesmo que por um curto período e por motivos diversos, viverem o sedentarismo que não conseguem. Em espaços como a biblioteca pública, a presença da mediação da informação contribui para o avanço de uma sociedade com habilidades informacionais, para formar cidadãos mais críticos e cônscios de sua importância no mundo.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children’s Health in Portugal: The Parental Perspective
Authors: Poppe Mariana , Aguiar Bárbara , Sousa Rodrigo , Oom Paulo
Published: March 2021

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic poses unprecedented challenges for healthcare services and has led to changes in the usage pattern of the pediatric population. We aimed to describe the impact of COVID-19 on children’s health, wellbeing, and access to medical care in Portugal.Material and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study through an anonymous online survey via social media. The collected data refers to a period between the 16th of March and the 17th of May 2020.Results: We obtained responses to the survey on 19 745 children. Of the previously scheduled outpatient consultations, 54.2% were postponed by healthcare institutions and 21.6% of planned vaccinations were missed. Parents expressed concerns regarding psychological, social, and physical consequences for their children due to the pandemic.Discussion: The observed reduction of pediatric emergency department visits and the postponement of outpatient consultations and vaccine administrations are potentially harmful for non-COVID patients. The current pandemic and the imposed social distance might have an important negative impact on the mental health of children.Conclusion: Further studies are necessary to fully comprehend the outcomes of the decreased access to medical care, as well as the collateral damage for children beyond the clinical aspects of the pandemic. Defining strategies regarding the urge to vaccinate children and not postpone urgent evaluations should be a public health priority.
Çocuk Acil Servisinde Kardiyak Troponin sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi: Tek merkez deneyimi
Authors: AKÇA Halise , AYDIN Cansu , USTA Kağan , KARBANCIOĞLU Emre
Published: March 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, hastaların demografik ve klinik özellikleri ile kardiyak troponin tetkik sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi Yenimahalle Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Çocuk Acil Servisinde 1 Ocak – 31 Aralık 2018 tarihleri arasında kardiyak troponin tetkiki istenen 2428 çocuk hastanın dosyaları geriye dönük olarak incelendi. Hastaların demografik ve klinik bilgileri ile troponin sonuçları kaydedildi.

Bulgular: Hastaların %52,4’ü kız, yaş ortalaması 11,4±4,8 yıldı. Troponin istem nedenleri göğüs ağrısı (%40), zehirlenmeler (%12) ve senkoptu (%11). Toplam istenen 2523 kardiyak troponin tetkikinden sadece 29 tanesi yüksek saptandı. Bu hastalarda en sık yakınma göğüs ağrısıydı. 18 hastada kardiyak nedenli patoloji olabileceği düşünüldü. Troponin yüksekliğinin diğer sebepleri; karbonmonoksit zehirlenmesi, alt solunum yolu enfeksiyonu, ilaç zehirlenmesi ve gastroenterite bağlı dolaşım bozukluğuydu. Elektrokardiyografilerin çoğu normal olarak raporlandı.

Sonuç: Gereksiz istem ve maliyetin azaltılması için troponin tetkikinin seçilmiş hastalarda yapılması gerekmektedir. Kardiyak troponin düzeyinin yorumlanmasında hastanın genel klinik değerlendirilmesi önemini korumaktadır.
Estágio Supervisionado no curso de Licenciatura em Educação do Campo: reflexões acerca da prática docente
Authors: D’ Avila Jorge Luis
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the text is to report the experiences obtained in the supervised internship carried out by the students of the first group of graduates of the Degree in Rural Education (LEDUCAMPO) course, which was offered by the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), developed in the schools of the different municipalities in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS). Bibliographic research was carried out with qualitative approaches that argue about the supervised internship in school education as well as, analysis of reports, lesson plans organized by LEDUCAMPO academics during the period of the supervised internship, evaluations carried out by the supervising teachers, in addition to the documents produced in the UFMS that legitimize the internship process. The centrality of the internship in rural education must be anchored in the assumptions of teacher preparation that makes the academic understand that the public school is exclusionary, marginalized and guided by the dominant ideology that seeks training to meet the demands of the labor market, contrary to this, the academic must promote a humanistic and progressive education.