bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Position‐based force tracking adaptive impedance control strategy for robot grinding complex surfaces system
Authors: Li Lun , Wang Zhengjia , Zhu Guang , Zhao Jibin
Published: March 2023

As a key technology of robot grinding, force control has great influence on grinding effects. Based on the traditional impedance control, a position‐based force tracking adaptive impedance control strategy is proposed to improve the grinding quality of aeroengine complex curved parts, which considers the stiffness damping environmental interaction model, modifies the reference trajectory by a Lyapunov‐based approach to realize the adaptive grinding process. In addition, forgotten Kalman filter based on six‐dimensional force sensor is used to denoise the force information and a three‐step gravity compensation process including static base value calculation, dynamic zero update and contact force real‐time calculation is proposed to obtain the accurate contact force between tool and workpiece in this method. Then, to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, a simulation experiment which including five different working conditions is conducted in MATLAB, and the experiment studying the deviation between the reference trajectory and the actual position is carried out on the robot grinding system. The results indicate that the position‐based force tracking adaptive impedance control strategy can quickly respond to the changes of environmental position, reduce the fluctuation range of contact force in time by modifying the reference trajectory, compensate for the defect of the steady‐state error of the traditional impedance control strategy and improve the surface consistency of machined parts.
Born into chaos: How founding conditions shape whether ventures survive or thrive when experiencing environmental change
Authors: Motley D. Carrington , Eesley Charles E. , Koo Wesley
Published: March 2023

Research Summary

Integrating research on the persistence of founding conditions and the effects of environmental change, we explore how a venture's performance outcomes following environmental change depend on the venture's environmental conditions at founding. Using a unique sample of 1,060 new ventures from a comprehensive survey of university alumni, our analysis indicates that the interaction of high environmental dynamism at founding and a functionally diverse founding team is beneficial to venture survival when environmental dynamism increases over time. However, the same founding conditions result in a decreased likelihood of positive exit when environmental dynamism decreases.

Managerial Summary

This study examines the interplay between environmental change and internal team composition, revealing how best to benefit from the potential created by environmental change. We find that (relative to functionally homogenous teams) founders that assemble more functionally diverse teams survive longer when facing increasing environmental dynamism. In contrast, a more functionally homogenous team is better able to capture opportunities when environmental dynamism decreases after founding. While predicting the course of environmental change is difficult, entrepreneurs who can synchronize their predictions of change with their decisions regarding team composition can enable better venture performance. This study also highlights the importance of developing capabilities to enable flexibility in decision‐making processes, which are often inflexible, limiting the ability to take advantage of unique opportunities provided by environmental change.
A Bone‐Penetrating Precise Controllable Drug Release System Enables Localized Treatment of Osteoporotic Fracture Prevention via Modulating Osteoblast‐Osteoclast Communication
Authors: Liang Haojun , Chen Kui , Xie Jing , Yao Lei , Liu Yunpeng , Hu Fan , Li Hao , Lei Yinze , Wang Yujiao , Lv Linwen , Chen Ziteng , Liu Sen , Liu Qiuyang , Wang Zhijie , Li Jiacheng , Chang Ya‐Nan , Li Juan , Yuan Hui , Xing Gengyan , Xing Gengmei
Published: March 2023

Improving local bone mineral density (BMD) at fracture‐prone sites of bone is a clinical concern for osteoporotic fracture prevention. In this study, a featured radial extracorporeal shock wave (rESW) responsive nano‐drug delivery system (NDDS) is developed for local treatment. Based on a mechanic simulation, a sequence of hollow zoledronic acid (ZOL)‐contained nanoparticles (HZNs) with controllable shell thickness that predicts various mechanical responsive properties is constructed by controlling the deposition time of ZOL and Ca2+ on liposome templates. Attributed to the controllable shell thickness, the fragmentation of HZNs and the release of ZOL and Ca2+ can be precisely controlled with the intervention of rESW. Furthermore, the distinct effect of HZNs with different shell thicknesses on bone metabolism after fragmentation is verified. In vitro co‐culture experiments demonstrate that although HZN2 does not have the strongest osteoclasts inhibitory effect, the best pro‐osteoblasts mineralization results are achieved via maintaining osteoblast‐osteoclast (OB‐OC) communication. In vivo, the HZN2 group also shows the strongest local BMD enhancement after rESW intervention and significantly improves bone‐related parameters and mechanical properties in the ovariectomy (OVX)‐induced osteoporosis (OP) rats. These findings suggest that an adjustable and precise rESW‐responsive NDDS can effectively improve local BMD in OP therapy.
A Cascade Enzyme System Integrating Peroxidase Mimic with Catalase for Linear Range Expansion of H2O2 Assay: A Mechanism and Application Study
Authors: Hou Haiwei , Liu Lan , Li Qiuyue , Wang Jianming , Du Baoji
Published: March 2023

Peroxidase (POD) Nanozyme‐based hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) detection is popular, but hardly adapt to high concentration of H2O2 owing to narrow linear range (LR) and low LR maximum. Here, a solution of combining POD and catalase (CAT) is raised to expand the LR of H2O2 assay via decomposing part of H2O2. As a proof of concept, a cascade enzyme system (rGRC) is constructed by integrating ruthenium nanoparticles (RuNPs), CAT and graphene together. The rGRC‐based sensor does perform an expanded LR and higher LR maximum for H2O2 detection. Meanwhile, it is confirmed that LR expansion is closely associated with apparent Km of rGRC, which is determined by the relative enzyme activity between CAT and POD both in theory and in experiment. At last, rGRC is successfully used to detect high concentration of H2O2 (up to 10 mm) in contact lens care solution, which performs higher assay accuracy (close to 100% recovery at 10 mm of H2O2) than traditional POD nanozymes. This study brings up a kind of POD/CAT cascade enzyme system and provides a new concept for accurate and facile H2O2 detection. Additionally, it replenishes a new enzyme‐substrate model of achieving the same pattern with competitive inhibition in enzyme reactions.
Linking Interfacial Bonding and Thermal Conductivity in Molecularly‐Confined Polymer‐Glass Nanocomposites with Ultra‐High Interfacial Density
Authors: Wang Yang , Collinson David W. , Kwon Heungdong , Miller Robert D. , Lionti Krystelle , Goodson Kenneth E. , Dauskardt Reinhold H.
Published: March 2023

Thermal transport in polymer nanocomposites becomes dependent on the interfacial thermal conductance due to the ultra‐high density of the internal interfaces when the polymer and filler domains are intimately mixed at the nanoscale. However, there is a lack of experimental measurements that can link the thermal conductance across the interfaces to the chemistry and bonding between the polymer molecules and the glass surface. Characterizing the thermal properties of amorphous composites are a particular challenge as their low intrinsic thermal conductivity leads to poor measurement sensitivity of the interfacial thermal conductance. To address this issue here, polymers are confined in porous organosilicates with high interfacial densities, stable composite structure, and varying surface chemistries. The thermal conductivities and fracture energies of the composites are measured with frequency dependent time‐domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) and thin‐film fracture testing, respectively. Effective medium theory (EMT) along with finite element analysis (FEA) is then used to uniquely extract the thermal boundary conductance (TBC) from the measured thermal conductivity of the composites. Changes in TBC are then linked to the hydrogen bonding between the polymer and organosilicate as quantified by Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) and X‐ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopy. This platform for analysis is a new paradigm in the experimental investigation of heat flow across constituent domains.
Flattening of Lithium Plating in Carbonate Electrolytes Enabled by All‐In‐One Separator
Authors: Kim Yong Min , Kim Hyun‐seung , Park Bo Keun , Yang Jin Hyeok , Leem Han Jun , Yu Jisang , Kim Siwon , Kim So Yeun , Lee Jong‐Won , Park Min‐Sik , Kim Ki Jae
Published: March 2023

The uncontrollable dendritic growth of metallic lithium during repeated cycling in carbonate electrolytes is a crucial obstacle hindering the practical use of Li‐metal batteries (LMBs). Among numerous approaches proposed to mitigate the intrinsic constraints of Li metal, the design of a functional separator is an attractive approach to effectively suppress the growth of Li dendrites because direct contact with both the Li metal surface and the electrolyte is maintained. Here, a newly designed all‐in‐one separator containing bifunctional CaCO3 nanoparticles (CPP separator) is proposed to achieve the flattening of Li deposits on the Li electrode. Strong interactions between the highly polar CaCO3 nanoparticles and the polar solvent reduces the ionic radius of the Li+‐solvent complex, thus increasing the Li+ transference number and leading to a reduced concentration overpotential in the electrolyte‐filled separator. Furthermore, the integration of CaCO3 nanoparticles into the separator induces the spontaneous formation of mechanically‐strong and lithiophilic CaLi2 at the Li/separator interface, which effectively decreases the nucleation overpotential toward Li plating. As a result, the Li deposits exhibit dendrite‐free planar morphologies, thus enabling excellent cycling performance in LMBs configured with a high‐Ni cathode in a carbonate electrolyte under practical operating conditions.
Predictive and sensitive analysis of a bivariate skewed spatial process based on the Bayesian framework
Authors: Wang Jiangyan , Majumdar Anandamayee , Lin Jinguan
Published: March 2023

Bivariate spatial process is a natural tool for the assessments of environmental justice. Integrating the skewness arising in spatial data sets remains a challenge. While in terms of which, classical bivariate spatial skewness analysis receives relative little attention. As an attempt, this article provides a fully hierarchical bivariate approach for spatial modelling, using a Bayesian framework implemented via Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods, called the bivariate double zero expectile normal with measurement error (BDZEXPNM). The BDZEXPNM modelling is derived by considering two variables simultaneously, where the covariance parameters representing the marginal and cross‐spatial dependence structure are measured. The posterior performance of BDZEXPNM is probed by leveraging multivariate spatial analysis. In addition, MCMC methods allows a straightforward interpretation of parameters. Simulation studies validate our method as well as a real data example.
Deep spectral Q‐learning with application to mobile health
Authors: Gao Yuhe , Shi Chengchun , Song Rui
Published: March 2023

Dynamic treatment regimes assign personalized treatments to patients sequentially over time based on their baseline information and time‐varying covariates. In mobile health applications, these covariates are typically collected at different frequencies over a long time horizon. In this paper, we propose a deep spectral Q‐learning algorithm, which integrates principal component analysis (PCA) with deep Q‐learning to handle the mixed frequency data. In theory, we prove that the mean return under the estimated optimal policy converges to that under the optimal one and establish its rate of convergence. The usefulness of our proposal is further illustrated via simulations and an application to a diabetes dataset.
Graphical modeling of discontinuous stress field for RC deep beams under uniform load
Authors: Liu Zhao , Lei Haipeng
Published: March 2023

The fanning compression stress pattern in RC deep beams under uniform load presents a challenge to formulating the configuration of strut‐and‐tie model (STM). To this end, this paper proposes an alternative method for creating a graphical discontinuous stress field model (DSFM) to fill up the whole beam continuum. It comprises a certain number of trapezoidal stress‐bands with varying bandwidths, and their stress values can be calculated based on force equilibrium conditions. Several stress subfields are defined through a certain stress combination from several directions. The DSFM is implementable for both service limit state (SLS) and ultimate limit state (ULS) in that its configuration is primarily oriented by elastic stress field and only a limited plastic redistribution is allowed for plastic failure. The graphical procedure of DSFM is demonstrated and examined by a test deep beam example, which shows that the predictions are fairly in good agreement with the test results.
m6A‐ and immune‐related lncRNA signature confers robust predictive power for immune efficacy in lung squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ding Zihan , Liu Yang , Huang Qinhua , Cheng Changhong , Song Lining , Zhang Chen , Cui Xiaohong , Wang Yan , Han Yi , Zhang Haijian
Published: March 2023

Immune checkpoint blockade has revolutionized immunotherapy of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), but the effective rate is less than 30% attributing to no effective and reliable method for predicting immune response. However, the clinical value of N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) and immune‐related lncRNA (mirlncRNA) concerning immune efficacy remains unknown. First, we identified a packet of specific mirlncRNA. Based on this, patients with LUSC were optimally divided into mirlncRNA clusters A, B, and C. The mirlncRNA cluster A was categorized as an immune‐inflamed phenotype distinguished by infiltration of numerous immune cells such as tumor‐infiltrating lymphocyte cells and highlighted by pathways such as regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation, while clusters B and C were found to correspond to immune‐desert and immune‐excluded phenotypes, respectively. Furthermore, the immune‐inflamed phenotype was shown to possess the highest immune infiltration, the lowest chromatin accessibility, survival rates, half inhibitory concentration (IC50), and the best immune efficacy. Finally, risk scores derived from the mirlncRNA signature helped identify subgroups of patients who could significantly benefit from immunotherapy. Encouragingly, in the population with poor response to the three targeted drugs, the immune response of patients with low drug sensitivity is significantly improved, indicating the vitality of combined therapy. The mirlncRNA signature not only identifies molecular typing and distinguishes chromatin accessibility, but also further highlights the immune efficacy and drug sensitivity, which might contribute to developing a new strategy for immunotherapy‐based individualized treatment.
Reviewing, Evaluating and Editing
Authors: Marušić Ana
Published: March 2023

As an early career researcher, you will probably not be extensively involved in reviewing journal articles or research proposals, or editing scientific journals. However, reviewing, evaluating and editing are important aspects of research. As an early career researcher, especially after getting a doctoral degree, you may be invited by a journal to serve as a peer reviewer, or may edit or work in a scientific peer review journal. It is important that you understand what to expect from a responsible review of your work – when you submit a manuscript to a journal or a grant proposal. In this chapter, we will look at different types of journal peer review. We will address the responsibilities of peer reviewers toward the authors and editor, including confidentiality, objectivity, and competing interests. We will focus on journal peer review, because this is something that you will certainly experience from the author’s side, and possibly as a reviewer. The principles of professional and responsible peer review also apply to other types of peer review, such as for grants of academic/research advancement.
The Bi-Directional Communication Between Tumour Cells and Other Components of the Tumour Microenvironment
Authors: Sloan Philip
Published: March 2023

Cross talk between cancer cells and their microenvironment can lead to molecular changes in adjacent tissues that can be utilised as biomarkers. One such example stems from the discovery that malignant melanomas with metastatic potential can downregulate autophagy in the overlying epidermis. Autophagy is essential for normal keratinocyte maturation. AMBRA1 is a key autophagy regulatory molecule and its expression in the epidermis is reduced in the epidermis overlying some early stage melanomas. Expression of AMBRA1 is maintained in the overlying epidermis in a subset of low risk melanomas. This finding has been translated into a novel biomarker for clinical use. Preliminary data suggest that AMBRA1 expression in neoplastic cells may be a useful biomarker for prediction of risk of progression in oropharyngeal and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. It is likely that it will be necessary to combination biomarker expression with Artificial Intelligence analysis and convention staging to provide accurate individualised prognostic information for clinical use.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in the Curative Setting: Pre-clinical and Clinical Data
Authors: Beyaert Simon , Honoré Natasha , Machiels Jean-Pascal
Published: March 2023

Pembrolizumab and nivolumab, two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), improve the overall survival of patients with inoperable recurrent and/or metastatic (R/M) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). For curable HNSCC, the role of immunotherapy is under investigation. In this chapter, we briefly review the current use of immunotherapy with surgery or radio(chemo)therapy in the treatment of HNSCC with curative intent.
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in the Management of Recurrent and/or Oligometastatic Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Nevens Daan , Szturz Petr
Published: March 2023

Derived from intracranial stereotactic radiosurgery, stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) was introduced to clinical practice in 1991. Based on delivering precisely targeted high doses of radiation in one or several fractions, the concept of SBRT has been rapidly adopted by many institutions. This chapter aims to summarize the available literature regarding the use of SBRT in the reirradiation setting of recurrent and second primary head and neck cancer (HNC) as well as in oligometastatic HNC. Several studies have been published showing safety and efficacy of SBRT-based reirradiation in recurrent disease or a second malignancy. According to a meta-analysis of 10 papers published between 2006 and 2016, SBRT-based reirradiation seems to be a promising modality with acceptable safety and short overall treatment times in patients with inoperable recurrent or second primary HNC. However, overall survival following SBRT-based reirradiation remains moderate, which might be due to insufficient doses. There is thus a need for well-designed trials of SBRT-based reirradiation in terms of dose escalation and combination with systemic therapy. In HNC, the evidence for treatment of oligometastatic disease using SBRT is less clear when compared to other tumor types. We need to understand which patients benefit the most from local ablation, when the right moment is to intervene, how SBRT compares with surgery in operable patients and with other modalities (e.g. radiofrequency ablation), and what the impact of combination strategies is (e.g. with immune checkpoint inhibitors). All these unmet needs underline the importance of conducting dedicated studies in oligometastatic squamous HNC patients.
Precision Medicine in the Treatment of Malignancies Involving the Ventral Skull Base: Present and Future
Authors: Ferrari Marco , Taboni Stefano , Contro Giacomo , Nicolai Piero
Published: March 2023

Cancers involving the ventral skull base are rare and exceedingly heterogeneous. The variety of malignant tumors that arise in the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx, and adjacent mesenchymal tissues translates into a proportionally vast spectrum of prognoses, with some histologies such as olfactory neuroblastoma being associated with rare disease-specific death to other histologies such as mucosal melanoma for which survival beyond 5 years is considered a fortunate exception. Parallel to prognosis, treatment of sinonasal cancers is complex, controversial, and deeply dependent upon the putative pretreatment diagnosis. Given their heterogeneity, cancers of the ventral skull base are particularly prone to multidisciplinary management, which is indispensable. The therapeutic options available to date for these cancers include surgery, which currently remains the mainstay of treatment in most cases, along with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Biotherapy and immunotherapy are only anecdotally and compassionately used. For each histology, a careful selection of modalities and their timing is paramount to ensure the best chance of cure. In keeping with the principles of precision medicine, several nuances displayed by malignancies of the ventral skull base are being considered as treatment-driving characteristics. This current trend arose from the observation that a remarkable variability of behavior can be observed even within a single histology. Although evidence is lacking in this field and several potential customizations of treatment are still at a theoretical level, understanding of these cancers is rapidly evolving and practical applications of this increasing knowledge is the much-needed step forward in the management of such rare cancers. This chapter highlights the tumor characteristics that may serve as treatment-driving factors in the most relevant cancers invading the ventral skull base.
Digital Technologies in Supportive Head and Neck Cancer Care: A Promise?
Authors: Verdonck-de Leeuw Irma M. , Leemans C. René , Holtmaat Karen C. J. M. , Jansen Femke
Published: March 2023

This paper addresses the role of digital technologies as part of supportive cancer care, which is of relevance considering the ongoing shortage in healthcare services and the increasing incidence and survival rates in head and neck cancer. Research and development following a participatory design approach helps to deliver patient-centered, effective and efficient applications ready to be used either as adjunctive, guided or fully automated technology. Implementation and upscaling of evidence-based digital technologies in routine cancer care remains a challenge.
DNA Repair Mechanisms as a New Target in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Harrington Kevin J. , Hak Charleen M. L. Chan Wah , Rullan Antonio , Patin Emmanuel
Published: March 2023

Until recently, radiotherapy was viewed solely from a tumour cell-autonomous perspective, whereby successful therapy resulted from inflicting breaks in nuclear DNA above an unspecified threshold that exceeded the tumour cell’s capacity for repair. Greater understanding of the importance of non-tumour cell-autonomous, immunological aspects of radiation-induced cell death in the context of the tumour micro-environment (TME) has altered this rather narrow perception. We now know that clinical responses to radiotherapy are inextricably linked to the immune system: loco-regional radiotherapy can trigger abscopal, immune-mediated responses at distant unirradiated sites (albeit rarely), while patients who are pathologically or iatrogenically immunosuppressed may derive less benefit from radiotherapy. The intrinsic biology of individual tumours, their associated microenvironments, and the physical characteristics of the delivered radiation, can all influence the immunogenicity of radiotherapy. By understanding and modulating cross-talk between molecular responses to radiation-induced DNA damage, associated mechanisms of cell death and subsequent innate and adaptive immune responses, we may be able to improve clinical outcomes of radiotherapy.

In this chapter, the focus will be on mechanisms of DNA damage repair and how tumours exploit alterations in these to enhance their survival. However, tumour cell-intrinsic aberrations in DNA repair can render tumour cells vulnerable to the effects of radiotherapy and this may be enhanced further by rational use of targeted DNA damage-response inhibitors. In particular, we will focus on how disordered DNA repair and its pharmacological modulation through ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related kinase inhibition can lead to radiation-induced immunostimulation and how this can be exploited further in the clinic through the use of specific immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint blockers. As part of the discussion, specific mechanisms of radiation-induced cell death will be discussed, with emphasis on mechanisms of triggering immunologically visible, pro-inflammatory modes of cell death.
Face Support, Soil Conditioning and Material Transport in Earth-Pressure-Balance and Hydro Shield Machines
Authors: Schößer Britta , Lavasan Arash Alimardani , Baille Wiebke , Barciaga Thomas , Freimann Sascha , Galli Mario , Kube Sebastian , Mianji Peyman , Saberi Poria , Schröer Marius , Thewes Markus , Vogel Andreas , Zhao Chenyang , Zizka Zdenek
Published: March 2023

The excavation process in mechanised tunnelling consists of various technical components whose interaction enables safe tunnel driving. In reference to the existing geological and hydrogeological conditions, different types of face support principles are applied. In case of fine-grained cohesive soils, the face support is provided by Earth Pressure Balanced (EPB) machines, while the Slurry Shield (SLS) technology is adapted in medium-grained to coarse grained non-cohesive soils even under high groundwater pressure. For both machine techniques, the support medium (the excavated and conditioned soil (EPB) or the bentonite suspension (SLS)) needs to be adapted for the specific application. Within this chapter, the theoretical, experimental and numerical developments and results are presented concerning the fundamentals of face support in EPB and SLS tunnelling including the rheology of the support medium, the material transport and mixing process of the excavated soil and the added conditioning agent in the excavation chamber of an EPB shield machine as well as the constitutive models for investigations of the near field interactions between surrounding soil and advancing shield machine.
Real-Time Simulation for Steering the Tunnel Construction Process
Authors: Cao Ba Trung , Heußner Lukas , Jodehl Annika , Obel Markus , Salloum Yara , Freitag Steffen , König Markus , Mark Peter , Meschke Günther , Thewes Markus
Published: March 2023

Currently, in mechanized tunneling, the steering of tunnel boring machines (TBM) in practice is mainly decided based on engineering expert knowledge and recorded monitoring data. In this chapter, a new concept of exploiting the advantages of simulation models to support the steering phase is presented, which allows optimizing the construction process. With the aim to support the steering decision during tunnel construction by means of real-time simulations, predictive simulation models are established in the initial planning phase of a tunnel project. The models are then capable of being continuously updated with monitoring data during the construction. The chapter focuses on explaining models for real-time predictions of logistics processes and tunneling induced settlements as well as the risk of building damage in more details. Additionally, application examples, which are practical-oriented, are also presented to illustrate the applicability of the proposed concept.
Visceral and Tegumentary Leishmaniasis
Authors: Osuolale Olayinka
Published: March 2023

Visceral and tegumentary leishmaniasis are neglected tropical diseases caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania. In this chapter, we discuss the causative organisms and the different clinical manifestations, their global and endemic distribution, and methods of vector and human-to-human transmission. We also explore current drug treatment regimens for both diseases and present a brief introduction to vaccine development.
Vaccines for Canine Leishmaniasis
Authors: Coelho Eduardo A. F. , Christodoulides Myron
Published: March 2023

Visceral leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease in many countries and dogs are considered the main domestic reservoir of Leishmania parasites, and the presence of infected animals represents a potential risk for human disease. In this chapter, we review the state-of-the-art of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CanL) vaccines, discussing the properties and problems associated with the few currently licensed and discontinued vaccines and looking forward to the development of new, more effective vaccines. Reducing the incidence of CanL through vaccination will improve canine health and welfare and contribute to preventing human VL.
Birth Registration, Legal Identity and Impacts on Migration in ASEAN
Authors: Petcharamesree Sriprapha
Published: March 2023

Birth registration and legal identity are rights enshrined by international human rights treaties. It is widely recognised that legal identity, through birth registration and issuing documentation, is one of the most important steps to establish access to other fundamental rights, and therefore facilitates the inclusion and well-being of all people in the country. Although all member states of ASEAN recognise such a right, still millions remain unregistered. This chapter will assess why States in the region, which are supposed to be inclusive, still exclude some specific groups from obtaining legal identity, therefore sentencing them to ‘civil death’. This legal invisibility exacerbates ‘irregular migration’ in that it deprives people without legal status and legal identity from access to other rights essential for a minimum acceptable standard of living. Due to this denial of basic human rights, many decide to take the uncertain journey of migration.
Zur empirischen Rekonstruktion leiblicher Praxis
Authors: Antony Alexander
Published: March 2023

Das Kapitel begründet und diskutiert das forschungspraktische Vorgehen der empirischen Studie. Neben der Frage danach, durch welche zentralen forschungspraktischen Operationen sich ein ethnographisches Vorgehen auszeichnet (3.1) und wie sich „Theorie“ und „Empirie“ zueinander verhalten (3.2), sind es insbesondere die Herausforderungen, die sich hinsichtlich einer empirischen Rekonstruktion der Aneignung und Transformation leiblicher Verhaltensschemata ergeben, die im Mittelpunkt stehen. Dies mündet in den Vorschlag, eine ethnographische Binnenperspektive, in Form einer aktiven Teilnahme am Geschehen (3.3), mit einer technisch unterstützten Draufsicht, in Form von synchronen Audio- und Videoaufnahmen, zu kombinieren (3.4.1). Zudem wird die hier verfolgte Verbindung von Diskurs- und Praxisanalyse näher beschrieben (3.4.1). Schließlich werden die Datengrundlage und das methodische Vorgehen erläutert (3.5).
Diskursive Wissensordnungen der sozialen Welt der Atemarbeit
Authors: Antony Alexander
Published: March 2023

Dieses erste empirische Kapitel behandelt die diskursive Wissensarbeit der Atemarbeit-Anbieter*innen, die einen zentralen Bestandteil der sozialen Welt der Atemarbeit darstellt. Als wesentlich für einen solchen Fokus erweist sich die Annahme, dass sozialweltspezifische Praktiken nicht bloß ausgeführt werden, sondern dass auch über sie kommuniziert wird. Nach einer Erläuterung des Konzepts der sozialen Welten und einer kurzen Beschreibung des Prozesses der Feldkonstitution erfolgt in einem ersten Schritt eine empirisch-rekonstruktive Charakterisierung der Atemarbeit (4.1). Im Anschluss wird danach gefragt, wie der Verein atman als zentraler ‚Akteur‘ der sozialen Welt der Atemarbeit diskursiv konstruiert wird (4.2). Die Zielsetzung besteht darin, ein Verständnis davon zu gewinnen, wie eine zentrale – sich als autoritativ inszenierende – Instanz der sozialen Welt der Atemarbeit ihr Tun definiert und dieses – und sich selbst – zu legitimieren versucht. Danach wird nach der Beschaffenheit der Wissensdomäne der Atemarbeit gefragt: Welchen Logiken folgt die diskursive Konstruktion atemarbeitsspezifischer Wissensobjekte (4.3)? Wie zu zeigen sein wird, wird das Atmen der Atemarbeit nicht lediglich als biochemischer Stoffwechselvorgang, sondern als eine zu kultivierende Technik des Körpers begriffen. Schließlich wird, basierend auf einer Analyse von Websites von Atemarbeit-Anbieter*innen, gezeigt, wie Klient*innen angesprochen und interessiert gemacht werden (sollen) (4.4).
(Inter-)Agieren an den Rändern des Kommunikativen: Die Interaktionsordnung der Atemarbeit
Authors: Antony Alexander
Published: March 2023

Das Kapitel rekonstruiert in einem ersten Schritt – das Thema des vorangehenden Kapitels fortführend und vertiefend –, wie den Klient*innen die praktischen und normativen Anforderungen der Atemarbeit zunächst sprachlich vermittelt werden (6.1). Deutlich wird hierbei: Die Atemarbeit zielt auf eine auf Dauer gestellte und nach ‚innen‘ gerichtete Form des Wahrnehmens. Der nächste Abschnitt (6.2) beschäftigt sich mit den Besonderheiten atemarbeitsspezifischer Interaktion. Hierbei sind drei Charakteristika bzw. Einschränkungen auszumachen: Die Atemarbeit verfährt erstens in kommunikativer Hinsicht primär unidirektional. Das heißt, die Atemlehrer*innen geben Anweisungen, die Klient*innen versuchen, diese umzusetzen. Die Atemarbeit stellt zweitens eine vergleichsweise schweigsame und bewegungsarme Praktik dar. Schließlich besteht drittens – und dies erweist sich für ein Verständnis der Atemarbeit als wesentlich – die zentrale klient*innenseitige Herausforderung vor allem darin, die sprachlichen Instruktionen in deren leibliche Praxis zu übersetzen. Der letzte Abschnitt (6.3) widmet sich ausführlich diesen Schnittstellen zwischen Sprache und Leiblichkeit. Er geht der Frage nach, wie diese beschaffen sein können und welche praktischen Implikationen sich daraus für das Tun der Klient*innen ergeben.
Vocabulary Changes in the Arab, Turk, and Persian Bilingual Societies in Northeastern Iran
Authors: Mostafavi Pooneh , Akhlaghi Faryar , Asadpour Hiwa
Published: March 2023

This study investigates borrowability of basic vocabularies such as kinship terms, body parts, and natural and weather terms in nine bilingual villages in Northeastern Iran. The surveyed villages serve as a rich bilingual area for linguistic and societal change. Speakers in these villages speak at least one or more languages including Turkish, Turkmen (Turkic), Balochi (Indo-Iranian), and Arabic (Semitic). These languages are widely spoken in the Gulf area in countries such as Iraq, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Afghanistan, and other neighboring regions. Therefore, it can be a benchmark for further similar studies. The corpus is extracted from the database of Iran Language Atlas (ILA) which include questionnaire data and interviews in different genders, ages, and educational backgrounds. The results show deep basic lexical changes in the speech communities.
Innovation, Technology Transfer, and Endogenous Growth in the GCC Countries
Authors: Akkas Erhan , Altiparmak Suleyman Orhun
Published: March 2023

This chapter investigates the economic changes of the GCC countries within the framework of the nature of economic diversification by analyzing innovation performance indices, economic freedom indices, and doing business indicators. This paper shows that the GCC states’ economic strategies are still limited in their ability to affect economic performance so that their economies are still heavily dependent on natural resources. Thus, this study stresses the need for GCC countries to develop technology- and innovation-based private sectors aside from hydrocarbons in accordance with the endogenous growth theory. This research recommends that each GCC state should support investments in the private sector, which can contribute to the development of innovation and technology.
Yemen, the Wound that Still Bleeds in the Gulf and Beyond
Authors: Foyth Joel
Published: March 2023

This chapter addresses the causes and reasons for continuation of Yemeni civil war. In 2011, Yemenis mobilized to demand the departure of President Abdullah Saleh and the establishment of a better society. After thirty years in power, Saleh signed his resignation and began a political transition that was initially promising. This chapter argues that the absence of real change and the complexity of Yemeni society undermined the process, leading to civil conflict. In addition, the turbulent Yemeni reality was intertwined with dark regional geopolitics, marked by sectarianism and competition between Saudi Arabia, Iran, and United Arab Emirates. This chapter suggests that the war eventually turned into a brutal fight, which has been qualified as The century’s worst humanitarian crisis.
Social Justice Under COVID-19: A Comparative Study of Health and Socioeconomic Policy Responses in the Arab Mashreq and the Arab Gulf
Authors: Aref Ahmed
Published: March 2023

This chapter provides a critical overview on the patterns of health and socioeconomic policy responses in the Arab Mashreq and the GCC countries, from a social justice perspective. The social stratification and inheriting inequality in the Arab Mashreq affected the policy response, by favoring the economic support to big businesses, and depriving the poor from accessing quality health care, which shaped a class-based recovery. However, this disparity in the GCC policy responses in the health sector did not exist, since high-quality health care was provided to all. Moreover, the economic support was comprehensive and did not exclude small and medium-sized enterprises. However, the labor policy response undermined the social justice in the GCC pandemic response. Austerity measures were significantly directed toward the expatriate workers by reducing their numbers or cutting salaries and benefits. The chapter provides contextual analysis to draw a full picture of the structural factors that represent pressing determinants shaping different typologies of policy response in both regions.
ASEAN and the Death Penalty: Theoretical and Legal Views and a Pathway to Abolition
Authors: Petcharamesree Sriprapha , Boonlong Raine , Breen Danthong
Published: March 2023

This concluding chapter reviews how retentionist countries often seek to justify their use of capital punishment by relying on punishment theories that draw a distinction between the infliction of just punishment and arbitrary and unjust violence by the State. It also examines how the continuing use of capital punishment in Southeast Asian countries has been explained by some experts to reflect the distinctive Asian perception of human rights, being one that oversees the prevalence of community rights over individual rights, thus reinforcing the desideratum of the State to accentuate stringent punishment for offenders who are viewed as rebelling against the regiments of State control.

There has been an undeniable worldwide decline in retention over the last forty years. This chapter, therefore, asks why, despite this inexorable global trend and the universal recognition of human rights, do most ASEAN States cling to retentionist principles and policies? Moving beyond traditional theories on criminal justice, particularly retribution and utilitarianism, this chapter attempts to conceptually unpack the factors used to justify the retention of the death penalty in the region. It concludes that the death penalty situation in the eight ASEAN countries remains rather static and the record somehow reveals a very mixed reality, reflecting the absence of any shared policy on the death penalty among AMS other than the proviso, ‘in accordance with law’. Some observations and recommendations are then made for Member States to consider possible steps towards the abolition of the death penalty.
Traversing Learning and Leading Collaboration: Stepping Towards New Power Values During Turbulent and In-Between Times
Authors: Smith Catherine , Selkrig Mark , Dulfer Nicky , Harrison Matthew , Cochrane Thomas , McKernan Amy , Pollard Vikki , Rasche Jeni
Published: March 2023

In this chapter, we consider how perspectives about leadership, debates related to higher education, health promotion principles, and frameworks of new and old power informed our work as a group of disparate academic and professional staff who were identified to establish a’Digital Taskforce’ (DT) during the global pandemic. The role of the DT was to support teaching staff in Melbourne Graduate School of Education as it moved rapidly to remote and online teaching. By exploring aspects of our work together within the ecologies of policy, systems, groups, and individuals, we identify key elements of responding and bringing about change as a group of leaders during that turbulent time. Through our collaborative narrative, we also ponder how facets of our work may inform emergent ideas about the scholarship of teaching and learning and the possibilities for rethinking higher education.
Reaching for Reconciliation in Digital Spaces
Authors: Toscano Maurizio , Galatis Aristidis , Smith Catherine
Published: March 2023

This multi-voiced and polyphonic chapter discusses the usefulness of discomfort in contestation in digital pedagogies when working for reconciliation in colonised geographies. To do so, we outline the complexities of teaching in digital spaces during the pandemic, and the imperative to honour the first peoples and custodians of the country from which we are teaching. We consider the global and local considerations of movements like #blacklivesmatter, and how the affordances of pedagogies like Communities of Inquiry provide possibilities for embracing the discomforts of whiteness in virtual spaces and providing opportunities for authentic connection in digital teaching and learning.
Background and Overview
Authors: Ishii Kazuyuki , Kato Masako
Published: March 2023

In this chapter, the characteristics and potentials of “soft crystals” are compared with those of conventional hard crystals after providing a historical background. In addition, representative examples of “soft crystals” are discussed, and their thermodynamic models are qualitatively described.
Molecular Crystal Calculation Prospects for Structural Phase Transitions
Authors: Nakayama Naofumi , Goto Hitoshi
Published: March 2023

To establish the theory of soft crystals, computational chemistry must be applied to analyze the structural phase transitions of molecular crystals and develop new methodologies. The accuracy of first-principles calculations for molecular crystals has rapidly improved over the last decade with the contribution of the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre blind test, which predicts the crystal structure from the structural formula. However, it is often difficult to apply first-principles calculations to large molecular crystals, such as typical soft crystals, because of the computational cost. In this chapter, we review the applicability of crystal force field calculations as an alternative method for theoretically analyzing molecular crystals. We also introduce some examples of our previous collaborations and discuss the promising methodologies to elucidate the soft crystal phenomena.
Vapochromic Soft Crystals Constructed with Metal Complexes
Authors: Kato Masako
Published: March 2023

Vapochromism, a phenomenon in which the color or luminescence color of a substance changes in response to gaseous molecules, has potential for developing sensor materials to detect harmful substances in the environment. In addition, vapochromism is scientifically interesting for the direct visualization of interactions between gases and solids. The crystals of metal complexes involve diverse and flexible electronic interactions, such as metal–metal and metal–ligand interactions. It is expected that slight structural changes in such crystals will lead to distinct color or emission color changes, thus achieving highly sensitive and selective vapochromic responses. Consequently, highly ordered and flexible response systems (i.e., soft crystals) can be constructed. This chapter introduces the interesting and attractive features of vapor-responsive soft crystals by discussing platinum complexes that show color and luminescence changes in dilute vapor atmospheres while maintaining an ordered structure, nickel(II) complexes that change magnetic properties in conjunction with a color change, and copper(I) complexes that change luminescence color in response to N-heteroaromatic vapors.
Droplet-mediated long-range interfacial correlations. Exact field theory for entropic repulsion effects
Authors: Squarcini Alessio , Tinti Antonio
Published: March 2023

Abstract

We consider near-critical two-dimensional statistical systems at phase coexistence on the half plane with boundary conditions leading to the formation of a droplet separating coexisting phases. General low-energy properties of two-dimensional field theories are used in order to find exact analytic results for one- and two-point correlation functions of both the energy density and order parameter fields. The subleading finite-size corrections are also computed and interpreted within an exact probabilistic picture in which interfacial fluctuations are characterized by the probability density of a Brownian excursion. The explicit analysis of the closed-form expression for order parameter correlations reveals the long-ranged character of interfacial correlations and their confinement within the interfacial region. The analysis of correlations is then carried out in momentum space through the notion of interface structure factor, which we extend to the case of systems bounded by a flat wall. The presence of the wall and its associated entropic repulsion leads to a specific term in the interface structure factor which we identify.
Axion-like ALPs
Authors: Arias-Aragón Fernando , Quevillon Jérémie , Smith Christopher
Published: March 2023

Abstract

The Effective Field Theory (EFT) Lagrangian for a generic axion-like particle (ALP) has many free parameters, and leaves quite some freedom for the expected phenomenology. In this work, we set up more constrained EFTs by enforcing true axion-like properties for the ALP. Indeed, though the Peccei-Quinn symmetry of the QCD axion is anomalous, it is so in specific ways, and this shows up as consistency conditions between the gauge boson and fermion couplings. We propose to enforce such conditions, as inspired from the DFSZ and KSVZ scenarios, on the generic ALP EFTs. These truly axion-like ALP EFTs are then particularly well-suited as benchmark scenarios, to be used in the search for ALPs both at colliders and at low-energy experiments.
On the equivalence between SRS and PCO formulations of superstring perturbation theory
Authors: Wang Charles , Yin Xi
Published: March 2023

Abstract

We establish the equivalence between two formulations of superstring perturbation theory, one based on integration over the supermoduli space of super Riemann surfaces (SRS), the other based on integration over the bosonic moduli space with insertions of picture changing operators (PCO) on the worldsheet and the vertical integration prescription, by showing how the latter arises from a specific construction of the supermoduli integration contour.