bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of dietary kelp (Ascophylum nodosum) supplementation on survival rate and reproductive performance of mink challenged with Aleutian mink disease virus
Authors: Farid A. Hossain , Smith Nancy J. , White Margot B.
Published: June 2020

Infection with Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) has negative effects on reproductive performance and survival rate of American mink (Neovison vison). The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of kelp (Ascophylum nodosum) supplementation on survival, growth rate, and reproductive performance of mink challenged with AMDV. AMDV-free female black mink (n = 75) were intranasally inoculated with a local AMDV strain. Mink were fed a commercial pellet supplemented with 1.5% or 0.75% kelp or were kept as controls (received no kelp) for 451 d. Body weight and rectal temperature were recorded on days 0, 31, 56, 99, 155, 366, and 451 post inoculation (PI). Annual mortality rates were 13.6%, 20.0%, and 31.8% for mink fed 1.5%, 0.75%, or 0.0% kelp, respectively (P = 0.29). Mink which were fed 1.5% kelp had a significantly (P < 0.01) greater daily weight loss during breeding and post-breeding periods (days 155–366 PI), and outperformed (P < 0.01) the other groups in regard to litter sizes at birth and weaning. Differences among treatments were not significant for the number of females mated, or whelped of those exposed to males, kit survival from birth to weaning, or rectal temperature. It was concluded that 1.5% kelp supplementation had beneficial effects on survival rate of adult mink and litter size.
Alleviation of lateral spillage of two-dimensional hypersonic inlet using waverider-configuration chines
Authors: Zhai Jian , Zhang Chen-An , Wang Fa-Min , Zhang Wei-Wei
Published: June 2020

Hypersonic inlet is an important part of the propulsion system of hypersonic air-breathing vehicles. However, the performance of the two-dimensional hypersonic inlet, a major type of hypersonic inlets, is considerably deteriorated for lateral spillage. In this study, waverider-configuration chines mounted on the lateral sides of a two-dimensional three-staged external-compression hypersonic inlet for a Mach number of 6.0 are investigated to determine their ability to alleviate the lateral spillage. The chines are built by using a waverider design method. The numerical results suggest that a severe flow spillage induced by three-dimensional effect shows up near the lateral edge of the inlet without chines, which degrades the mass-flow ratio and flow uniformity. In contrast, the waverider-configuration chines effectively alleviate the lateral spillage. Consequently, the mass-flow ratio and the flow uniformity are both improved significantly.
Multi-levels Kriging surrogate model-based robust aerodynamics optimization design method
Authors: Xiong Neng , Tao Yang , Lin Jun , Liu Xue-Qiang
Published: June 2020

Robust design optimization has a great potential application in many engineering fields. In the conventional robust aerodynamics design optimization method, the main difficulty is expensive computational cost related to a large number of function evaluations for uncertainty quantification (UQ). To alleviate the expensive burden for UQ, two levels Kriging surrogate model was introduced. The first level is for the mean value and the second level is for the variances. Through the second level Kriging surrogate models, the method of Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS), which requires a huge number of function evaluations, can be effectively applied to the analysis of variance. Efficient Global Optimization algorithm (EGO) was employed to achieve the global optimized results. To validate the performance of the design method, both one-dimensional function and two-dimensional function were applied. Finally, robust aerodynamics design optimization was applied for a low-drag airfoil. The results show that the optimal solutions obtained from the uncertainty-based optimization formulation are less sensitive to uncertainties to small manufacturing errors.
First-principle study of electronic structure of montmorillonite at high pressure
Authors: Fang Zhi-Jie , Gou Kai-Yuan , Mo Man , Zeng Ji-Shu , He Hao , Zhou Xiang , Li Hui
Published: June 2020

The first-principle method was used to study the electronic structure of montmorillonite under high pressure. The calculated results show that the Si–O bond is more stable than the Al–O bond as the pressure was increased, while the H–O bond is almost independent of this variable. More importantly, band structure of montmorillonite changes from indirect bandgap to direct bandgap and vice-versa at 33.2 GPa and 39.2 GPa, respectively. Furthermore, density of state split phenomenon appeared in conduction band region. By calculating the montmorillonite elasticity constants under different levels of stress, the results show that C33 and C66 perpendicular to the crystal face are greatly affected by the stress. Moreover, C44 with the minimum changes during the entire stress process. The calculated results will not only help to understand the electronic structure of montmorillonite under pressure, but also provide theoretical guidance for deal with the safe problems of tunnel engineering.
Contributive Representation-Based Reconstruction for Online 3D Action Recognition
Authors: Tabejamaat Mohsen , Mohammadzade Hoda
Published: June 2020

Recent years have seen an increasing trend in developing 3D action recognition methods. However, despite the advances, existing models still suffer from some major drawbacks including the lack of any provision for recognizing action sequences with some missing frames. This significantly hampers the applicability of these methods for online scenarios, where only an initial part of sequences are already provided. In this paper, we introduce a novel sequence-to-sequence representation-based algorithm in which a query sample is characterized using a collaborative frame representation of all the training sequences. This way, an optimal classifier is tailored for the existing frames of each query sample, making the model robust to the effect of missing frames in sequences (e.g. in online scenarios). Moreover, due to the collaborative nature of the representation, it implicitly handles the problem of varying styles during the course of activities. Experimental results on three publicly available databases, UTKinect, TST fall, and UTD-MHAD, respectively, show 95.48%, 90.91%, and 91.67% accuracy when using the beginning 75% portion of query sequences and 84.42%, 60.98%, and 87.27% accuracy for their initial 50%.
Automatic Image Pixel Clustering based on Mussels Wandering Optimization
Authors: Zhong Xin , Shih Frank Y.
Published: June 2020

Image pixel clustering or segmentation intends to identify pixel groups on an image without any preliminary labels. It remains a challenging task in computer vision since the size and shape of object segments are varied. Moreover, determining the segment number in an image without prior knowledge of the image content is an NP-hard problem. In this paper, we present an automatic image pixel clustering scheme based on mussels wandering optimization. An activation variable is applied to determine the number of clusters automatically with the cluster centers optimization. We revise the within- and between-class sum of squares ratio for random natural image content and develop a novel fitness function for the image pixel clustering task. Our proposed scheme is compared against existing state-of-the-art techniques using both synthetic data and real ASD dataset. Experimental results show the superiority performance of the proposed scheme.
Sectional algebras of semigroupoid bundles
Authors: Cordeiro Luiz Gustavo
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we use semigroupoids to describe a notion of algebraic bundles, mostly motivated by Fell ([Formula: see text]-algebraic) bundles, and the sectional algebras associated to them. As the main motivational example, Steinberg algebras may be regarded as the sectional algebras of trivial (direct product) bundles. Several theorems which relate geometric and algebraic constructions — via the construction of a sectional algebra — are widely generalized: Direct products bundles by semigroupoids correspond to tensor products of algebras; semidirect products of bundles correspond to “naïve” crossed products of algebras; skew products of graded bundles correspond to smash products of graded algebras; Quotient bundles correspond to quotient algebras. Moreover, most of the results hold in the non-Hausdorff setting. In the course of this work, we generalize the definition of smash products to groupoid graded algebras. As an application, we prove that whenever [Formula: see text] is a ∧-preaction of a discrete inverse semigroupoid [Formula: see text] on an ample (possibly non-Hausdorff) groupoid [Formula: see text], the Steinberg algebra of the associated groupoid of germs is naturally isomorphic to a crossed product of the Steinberg algebra of [Formula: see text] by [Formula: see text]. This is a far-reaching generalization of analogous results which had been proven in particular cases.
Structure of block quantum dynamical semigroups and their product systems
Authors: Rajarama Bhat B. V. , Vijaya Kumar U.
Published: June 2020

Paschke’s version of Stinespring’s theorem associates a Hilbert [Formula: see text]-module along with a generating vector to every completely positive map. Building on this, to every quantum dynamical semigroup (QDS) on a [Formula: see text]-algebra [Formula: see text] one may associate an inclusion system [Formula: see text] of Hilbert [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-modules with a generating unit [Formula: see text]. Suppose [Formula: see text] is a von Neumann algebra, consider [Formula: see text], the von Neumann algebra of [Formula: see text] matrices with entries from [Formula: see text]. Suppose [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] is a QDS on [Formula: see text] which acts block-wise and let [Formula: see text] be the inclusion system associated to the diagonal QDS [Formula: see text] with the generating unit [Formula: see text] It is shown that there is a contractive (bilinear) morphism [Formula: see text] from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text] We also prove that any contractive morphism between inclusion systems of von Neumann [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-modules can be lifted as a morphism between the product systems generated by them. We observe that the [Formula: see text]-dilation of a block quantum Markov semigroup (QMS) on a unital [Formula: see text]-algebra is again a semigroup of block maps.
Stationary states of weak coupling limit-type Markov generators and quantum transport models
Authors: Hernández-Cervantes A. , Quezada R.
Published: June 2020

We prove that every stationary state in the annihilator of all Kraus operators of a weak coupling limit-type Markov generator consists of two pieces, one of them supported on the interaction-free subspace and the second one on its orthogonal complement. In particular, we apply the previous result to describe in detail the structure of a slightly modified quantum transport model due to Arefeva et al. (modified AKV’s model) studied first in [J. C. García et al., Entangled and dark stationary states of excitation energy transport models in many-particles systems and photosynthesis, Infin. Dimens. Anal. Quantum Probab. Relat. Top. 21(3) (2018), Article ID: 1850018, p. 21, doi:10.1142/S0219025718500182], in terms of generalized annihilation and creation operators.
Change of variable formulas for non-anticipative functionals
Authors: Mania Michael , Tevzadze Revaz
Published: June 2020

For non-anticipative functionals, differentiable in Chitashvili’s sense, the Itô formula for cadlag semimartingales is proved. Relations between different notions of functional derivatives are established.
A new way to recognize downhill folding based on generalized path length
Authors: Jiang Xuewei , Wu Zhengwu , Fan Zhenyuan , Yin Junhua , Zheng Lu
Published: June 2020

The protein folding is an important scientific problem and many methods were designed to elucidate the protein folding and obtain insight into the molecular mechanism. A novel means is presented to identify the downhill pathways of protein folding in this paper. This method is based on barrier energy profile projected onto the generalized path length (GPL) with Breadth-first searching (BFS) algorithm. We show the effectiveness of this approach by constructing the barrier energy profile of trpzip2 and comparing with other methods.
Crack and Fracture central line delineation on Steger and Hydrodynamics with improved Fractional differential
Authors: Wang Weixing , Li Runqing , Wang Kevin , Lang Fangnian , Chen Weiwei , Zhao Bin
Published: June 2020

The complex rock fracture and road pavement cracks are more difficult to extract than the other linear objects in an image. In rock engineering, the rock fracture is an important factor that might cause tunnel and bridge collapse, or rock slope or dam damage. In road construction, the crack is one of the main pavement diseases. To avoid the difficultly of extracting fractures/cracks in an image, a new algorithm for tracking the central lines of fractures or cracks is studied to alleviate the problem for image segmentation. It includes four aspects: (1) a new fractional differential template is established to enhance the blurring and weak fractures/cracks in an image, compared with the traditional fractional differential template Tiansi, the new template has no zero coefficient and can enhance the micro-fractures/cracks; (2) in order to decrease the difficulty level of fracture/crack extraction, an algorithm for extracting the feature points of the fracture/crack central line is proposed based on the idea of Steger algorithm; (3) after linking short gaps based on distance, the long gap linking is made according to the principle of hydrodynamics, it first makes judgment if the two neighboring feature points are in one crack or not, in which, the feature points are regarded as two spring resources, then in light on the idea of water gushed out of the spring, when the two water flows meet together, the two points are recognized in one crack, otherwise they are not in one crack and cannot be connected together and (4) if the two neighboring feature points are in one crack, then the distance and the curvature between the two line segments are calculated, if they are less than the given thresholds, the linking path is searched and the gap is filled. Compared with the four traditional algorithms by testing hundred images, the new algorithm can accurately and quickly extract the central lines in complex rock fracture and rough road pavement cracks, which can increase the accuracy of crack/fracture image segmentation compared to the other algorithms.
On distance Laplacian spectrum (energy) of graphs
Authors: Ganie Hilal A.
Published: June 2020

For a simple connected graph [Formula: see text] of order [Formula: see text] having distance Laplacian eigenvalues [Formula: see text], the distance Laplacian energy [Formula: see text] is defined as [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the Wiener index of [Formula: see text]. We obtain the distance Laplacian spectrum of the joined union of graphs [Formula: see text] in terms of their distance Laplacian spectrum and the spectrum of an auxiliary matrix. As application, we obtain the distance Laplacian spectrum of the lexicographic product of graphs. We study the distance Laplacian energy of connected graphs with given chromatic number [Formula: see text]. We show that among all connected graphs with chromatic number [Formula: see text] the complete [Formula: see text]-partite graph has the minimum distance Laplacian energy. Further, we discuss the distribution of distance Laplacian eigenvalues around average transmission degree [Formula: see text].
The influence of thermodynamic history and external influences on the electrophysical properties of ferropiezoceramic materials based on a multicomponent system PZT-PMN-PZN+SiO2
Authors: Andryushin Konstantin , Andryushina Inna , Sadykov Hizir , Nagaenko Alexandr , Reznichenko Larisa
Published: June 2020

This paper presents the results of a comprehensive study of the industrially produced ferro-piezoelectric ceramic material based on the PbZrO3-PbTiO3-[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]O3-[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text] system. Studies have confirmed that this material refers to ferro-rigid materials with high coercive fields, stable dielectric properties in a wide temperature range, practically no Curie temperature hysteresis, as well as low controllability of the dielectric constant and deformation characteristics by constant bias electric fields. The revealed correlation between dielectric, deformation characteristics and dielectric hysteresis allows us to consider this material as promising for devices operating in power modes: piezotransformers, highly loaded ultrasonic devices, piezoelectric motors, etc.
Design and Testing of a Vertical Take-Off and Landing UAV Optimized for Carrying a Hydrogen Fuel Cell with a Pressure Tank
Authors: De Wagter Christophe , Remes Bart , Ruijsink Rick , van Tienen Freek , van der Horst Erik
Published: June 2020

Flight endurance is still a bottleneck for many types of unmanned air vehicle (UAV) applications. While battery technology improves over the years, for flights that last an entire day, batteries are still insufficient. Hydrogen-powered fuel cells offer an interesting alternative but pose stringent requirements on the platform. The required cruise power must be sufficiently low and flying with a pressurized tank poses new safety and shape constraints. This paper proposes a hybrid transitioning UAV that is optimized towards carrying a hydrogen tank and fuel cell. Hover is achieved using 12 redundant propellers connected to a dual Controller Area Network (CAN) bus and dual power supply. Forward flight is achieved using a tandem wing configuration. The tandem wing not only minimizes the required wingspan to minimize perturbations from gusts during hover, but it also handles the very large pitch inertia of the inline pressure tank and fuel cell very well. During forward flight, 8 of the 12 propellers are folded while the tip propellers counteract the tip vortexes. The propulsion is tested on a force balance and the selected fuel cell is tested in the lab. Finally, a prototype is built and tested in-flight using battery power. Stable hover, good transitioning properties, and stable forward flight are demonstrated.
Embeddability in R
3
is NP-hard
Authors: Mesmay Arnaud de , Rieck Yo’av , Sedgwick Eric , Tancer Martin
Published: June 2020

We prove that the problem of deciding whether a two- or three-dimensional simplicial complex embeds into R
3
is
NP
-hard. Our construction also shows that deciding whether a 3-manifold with boundary tori admits an S
3
filling is
NP
-hard. The former stands in contrast with the lower-dimensional cases, which can be solved in linear time, and the latter with a variety of computational problems in 3-manifold topology, for example, unknot or 3-sphere recognition, which are in NP ∩ co- NP. (Membership of the latter problem in co-NP assumes the Generalized Riemann Hypotheses.) Our reduction encodes a satisfiability instance into the embeddability problem of a 3-manifold with boundary tori, and relies extensively on techniques from low-dimensional topology, most importantly Dehn fillings of manifolds with boundary tori.
Online Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry Combined with the Rotating Disk Electrode Method for Direct Observations of Potential-Dependent Molecular Behaviors in the Electrode Surface Vicinity
Authors: Todoroki Naoto , Tsurumaki Hiroto , Tei Hiroki , Mochizuki Tomohiro , Wadayama Toshimasa
Published: June 2020

We newly developed a rotating disk electrode-online electrochemical mass spectrometry (RDE-OLEMS) to investigate potential-dependent molecular behaviors in electrode surface vicinity under mass transport-controlled conditions of reacting molecules. The potential-dependent molecular behaviors were investigated by using a quadrupole mass spectrometer (Q-mass) where the molecules are collected through a gas-sampling tip located in near the electrode surface. For the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on the polycrystalline Pt electrode, the potential-dependent Q-mass ion signal intensities of O2 (m/z = 32) that are ascribable to the dissolved oxygen molecules increased linearly with the disk electrode rotation rates without substantial interference from the collection tip, clearly showing that the dissolved O2 for ORR can be monitored by the RDE-OLEMS. For electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction (ECR) on the polycrystalline Au electrode, the potential-dependent Q-mass ion signal intensities of CO (m/z = 28) generated by the ECR increased with increasing disk rotation rates from 0 (without disk rotation) to 300 rpm in the potential region from −0.4 to −1.4 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode. The results demonstrate that the RDE-OLEMS enables us to evaluate the potential-dependent behaviors of reactant and product molecules present near the electrode surface under the mass transport-controlled condition.
Thoughts on the alveolar phase of COVID-19
Authors: Mason Robert J.
Published: June 2020

COVID-19 can be divided into three clinical stages, and one can speculate that these stages correlate with where the infection resides. For the asymptomatic phase, the infection mostly resides in the nose, where it elicits a minimal innate immune response. For the mildly symptomatic phase, the infection is mostly in the pseudostratified epithelium of the larger airways and is accompanied by a more vigorous innate immune response. In the conducting airways, the epithelium can recover from the infection, because the keratin 5 basal cells are spared and they are the progenitor cells for the bronchial epithelium. There may be more severe disease in the bronchioles, where the club cells are likely infected. The devastating third phase is in the gas exchange units of the lung, where ACE2-expressing alveolar type II cells and perhaps type I cells are infected. The loss of type II cells results in respiratory insufficiency due to the loss of pulmonary surfactant, alveolar flooding, and possible loss of normal repair, since type II cells are the progenitors of type I cells. The loss of type I and type II cells will also block normal active resorption of alveolar fluid. Subsequent endothelial damage leads to transudation of plasma proteins, formation of hyaline membranes, and an inflammatory exudate, characteristic of ARDS. Repair might be normal, but if the type II cells are severely damaged alternative pathways for epithelial repair may be activated, which would result in some residual lung disease.
Channel Estimation Performance Analysis of FBMC/OQAM Systems with Bayesian Approach for 5G-Enabled IoT Applications
Authors: Wang Han , Du Wencai , Wang Xianpeng , Yu Guicai , Xu Lingwei
Published: June 2020

A filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) with offset quadrature amplitude modulation (OQAM) (FBMC/OQAM) is considered to be one of the physical layer technologies in future communication systems, and it is also a wireless transmission technology that supports the applications of Internet of Things (IoT). However, efficient channel parameter estimation is one of the difficulties in realization of highly available FBMC systems. In this paper, the Bayesian compressive sensing (BCS) channel estimation approach for FBMC/OQAM systems is investigated and the performance in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) scenario is also analyzed. An iterative fast Bayesian matching pursuit algorithm is proposed for high channel estimation. Bayesian channel estimation is first presented by exploring the prior statistical information of a sparse channel model. It is indicated that the BCS channel estimation scheme can effectively estimate the channel impulse response. Then, a modified FBMP algorithm is proposed by optimizing the iterative termination conditions. The simulation results indicate that the proposed method provides better mean square error (MSE) and bit error rate (BER) performance than conventional compressive sensing methods.
Linkage Analysis between Solid-Fluid Coupling and the Strength Reduction Method for Karst Cave Water Inrush in Mines
Authors: Zhao Yanlin , Liao Jian , Liu Qiang , Li Yang , Cheng Jianchao
Published: June 2020

The present paper aims to study the mechanical mechanism and characteristics of water irruption from Karst cave. Combining the nonlinear seepage-pipe coupling model with the strength reduction method, the linkage analysis of fluid solid coupling and strength reduction method are constructed to study the whole process of confined Karst cave water inrush. Taking the water inrush accident of Shibaijing of the Qiyi mine in south China as an example, the instability mechanism of the water-proof rock pillar and evolution of water inrush are discussed. It is suggested that water discharge on the working face augments with the increase in the reduction factor of the water-proof rock pillar before the rock pillar loses its stability. Once the rock pillar becomes unstable, Karst water bursts from confined Karst cave in a pipe flow shape, and the water irruption quantity reaches the peak value in a short time by adopting the pipe flow to simulate and then decreases slowly. The hydraulic rough flow at the initial stage changes into pipe laminar flow finally in the process of Karst water inrush, due to the constraint of Karst cave water reserve. The conception for the safety factor of the water-proof rock pillar introduced, the relation of the safety factor, Karst cave water pressure, and thickness of the water-proof rock pillar are studied. It is proposed that thickness of the water-proof rock pillar whose safety factor equals 1.5 is regarded as the calculating safety thickness of the water-proof rock pillar, and the safety thickness of the water-proof rock pillar setting in mining engineering should be equal to the sum of the blasthole depth, blasting disturbance depth, and the calculating safety thickness. The reason leading to Karst water inrush of Qiyi Mine is that without advanced boreholes, the water-proof rock pillar is set so small that it could not possess safety margin, so the confined Karst cave water breaks the water-proof rock pillar and bursts out. Combining the solid fluid coupling theory, pipe flow theory, and strength reduction method, the nonlinear mechanical response of confined Karst cave water inrush is studied, which provides a new study method for the whole process of confined Karst cave water inrush.
The Epidemiology of Celiac Disease in the General Population and High‐Risk Groups in Arab Countries: A Systematic Review
Authors: El-Metwally Ashraf , Toivola Paivi , AlAhmary Khalid , Bahkali Salwa , AlKhathaami Ali , AlSaqabi Munira K. , Al Ammar Shatha A. , Jawed Munazza , Alosaimi Saleh M.
Published: June 2020

Background and Aims. Celiac disease (CD) is possibly the most common autoimmune disorder, which may lead to dietary problems in the Arab region. This paper is aimed at exploring the epidemiology of the celiac disease in Arab countries, including its prevalence, associated risk factors, and clinical patterns. Methods. An extensive search of the literature was conducted from electronic databases such as PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar. In total, 134 research papers were retrieved. We extracted studies published from January 1996 to December 2019. Our search was limited to studies published in English. Findings. The review included 35 studies with 22,340 participants from 12 countries and demonstrated a wide variation in the prevalence of CD. The highest prevalence among the general population (3.2%) was reported in Saudi Arabia, and the lowest (0.1%) was reported in Tunisia. Women demonstrated a higher prevalence of celiac disease relative to men. The peak age at diagnosis fell between 1 and 3 years and 9‐10 years. Most studies focused on type 1 diabetes. Children with type 1 diabetes have a higher prevalence of CD (range from 5.5% to 20%), while the prevalence of CD in Down’s syndrome patients was 1.1% and 10.7% in UAE and Saudi Arabia, respectively. Other autoimmune diseases associated with CD are thyroid disease and irritable bowel disease. The most widely recognized clinical presentation was an inability to flourish and poor weight gain, followed by short stature, abdominal pain, abdominal distension, bloating, and chronic diarrhea. Conclusion. The prevalence of the celiac disease in Arab countries varies with sex and age. However, we found that celiac disease presented similar clinical characteristics independent of the geographic region. Longitudinal population‐based studies are needed to better identify the true burden and determinants of celiac disease.
Changes of miRNA Expression Profiles from Cervical‐Vaginal Fluid‐Derived Exosomes in Response to HPV16 Infection
Authors: Wu Ying , Wang Xinyan , Meng Li , Li Wenqu , Li Chunyan , Li Ping , Xu Siliang
Published: June 2020

As an oncogenic virus, HPV16 can lead to the dysfunction of cervical epithelial cells and contribute to the progression of cervical cancer. Components from the cervical‐vaginal fluid (CVF) could be used as the basis for cervical cancer screening. Exosomes are widely present in various body fluids and participate in intercellular communication via its cargos of proteins, mRNAs, and miRNAs. This study was conducted to explore the changes of miRNAs in exosomes isolated form the cervical‐vaginal fluid during HPV16 infection and to predict the potential effects of exosomal miRNAs on the development of cervical cancer. CVF was collected from volunteers with or without HPV16 infection. The exosomes in CVF were identified by electron microscopy. Microarray analysis was subjected to find the differentially expressed miRNAs in CVF exosomes. To confirm the results, 16 miRNAs were randomly selected to go through real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In addition, GO and pathway analyses were conducted to reveal potential functions of differentially expressed miRNAs. A total of 2548 conserved miRNAs were identified in the cervical‐vaginal fluid‐derived exosomes. In response to HPV16 infection, 45 miRNAs are significantly upregulated and 55 miRNAs are significantly downregulated (P < 0.05). The GO and KEGG pathway analyses revealed that these differentially expressed miRNAs are tightly associated with cervical cancer tumorigenesis, through interaction with the Notch signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, and TGF‐β signaling pathway. These results suggest that exosomal miRNAs in CVF are differentially expressed in HPV16 infection patients and HPV16‐free volunteers. It provided a novel insight to understand the underlying mechanism of HPV16 infection in regulating cervical cancer progression.
The Topological Sensitivity with respect to Furstenberg Families
Authors: Wang Tengfei , Jing Kai , Yin Jiandong
Published: June 2020

In this work, a dynamical system X,f means that X is a topological space and f:X⟶X is a continuous map. The aim of the article is to introduce the conceptions of topological sensitivity with respect to Furstenberg families, n-topological sensitivity, and multisensitivity and present some of their basic features and sufficient conditions for a dynamical system to possess some sensitivities. Actually, it is proved that every topologically ergodic but nonminimal system is syndetically sensitive and a weakly mixing system is n-thickly topologically sensitive and multisensitive under the assumption that X admits some separability.
Adaptive Weight Update Algorithm for Target Tracking of UUV Based on Improved Gaussian Mixture Cubature Kalman Filter
Authors: Wang Hongjian , Wang Ying , Li Cun , Li Juan , Li Qing , Ban Xicheng
Published: June 2020

The Gaussian mixture filter can solve the non-Gaussian problem of target tracking in complex environment by the multimode approximation method, but the weights of the Gaussian component of the conventional Gaussian mixture filter are only updated with the arrival of the measurement value in the measurement update stage. When the nonlinear degree of the system is high or the measurement value is missing, the weight of the Gauss component remains unchanged, and the probability density function of the system state cannot be accurately approximated. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an algorithm to update adaptive weights for the Gaussian components of a Gaussian mixture cubature Kalman filter (CKF) in the time update stage. The proposed method approximates the non-Gaussian noise by splitting the system state, process noise, and observation noise into several Gaussian components and updates the weight of the Gaussian components in the time update stage. The method contributes to obtaining a better approximation of the posterior probability density function, which is constrained by the substantial uncertainty associated with the measurements or ambiguity in the model. The estimation accuracy of the proposed algorithm was analyzed using a Taylor expansion. A series of extensive trials was performed to assess the estimation precision corresponding to various algorithms. The results based on the data pertaining to the lake trial of an unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) demonstrated the superiority of the proposed algorithm in terms of its better accuracy and stability compared to those of conventional tracking algorithms, along with the associated reasonable computational time that could satisfy real-time tracking requirements.
The Roles of Monocyte and Monocyte‐Derived Macrophages in Common Brain Disorders
Authors: Zhao Mingxia , Tuo Houzhen , Wang Shuhui , Zhao Lin
Published: June 2020

The brain is the most important and complex organ in most living creatures which serves as the center of the nervous system. The function of human brain includes controlling of the motion of the body and different organs and maintaining basic homeostasis. The disorders of the brain caused by a variety of reasons often severely impact the patients’ normal life or lead to death in extreme cases. Monocyte is an important immune cell which is often recruited to the brain in a number of brain disorders. However, the role of monocytes may not be simply described as beneficial or detrimental. It significantly depends on the disease models and the stages of disease progression. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge about the role of monocytes and monocyte‐derived macrophages during several common brain disorders. Major focuses include ischemic stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, intracerebral hemorrhage, and insomnia. The recruitment, differentiation, and function of monocyte in these diseases are reviewed.
Image Encryption Scheme Based on a Generalized Arnold Map and RSA Algorithm
Authors: Jiao Kaixin , Ye Guodong , Dong Youxia , Huang Xiaoling , He Jianqing
Published: June 2020

This study proposes a new image encryption scheme based on a generalized Arnold map and Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA) algorithm. First, the parameters of the generalized Arnold map are generated by an asymmetric encryption-system RSA algorithm, and the keystream is produced iteratively. To change the distribution of pixel values, the image data are hidden by XOR diffusion. Second, both rows and columns of the image are cyclically confused to hide the image data again. Then, the additive mode diffusion operation is performed to realize third-layer hiding for image content. The overall diffusion and confusion operations are conducted twice to obtain the final cipher image. Test results prove that the encryption scheme proposed in this study is effective and has strong antiattack capabilities and key sensitivity. In addition, because the scheme security relies on the RSA algorithm, it has high security.
The Diet of Higher Insulinemic Potential Is Not Associated with Worse Survival in Patients with Stage III Colon Cancer (Alliance)
Authors: Cheng En , Zhang Sui , Ou Fang-Shu , Mullen Brian , Ng Kimmie , Saltz Leonard B. , Niedzwiecki Donna , Mayer Robert J. , Mowat Rex B. , Whittom Renaud , Hantel Alexander , Benson Al , Atienza Daniel , Messino Michael , Kindler Hedy , Giovannucci Edward L. , Van Blarigan Erin L. , Meyerhardt Jeffrey A. , Fuchs Charles S.
Published: June 2020

Background:

Hyperinsulinemia is considered to be important in the development of colon cancer, but few studies have investigated the associations of hyperinsulinemia with colon cancer survival via dietary scores.

Methods:

Empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia (EDIH) was derived to assess the insulinemic potential of daily diets reflecting the long-term insulin exposure, with higher (more positive) scores indicating higher insulinemic diets. We prospectively estimated the HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to investigate the association of EDIH with disease-free, recurrence-free, and overall survival among patients with stage III colon cancer (1999–2009) enrolled in a randomized adjuvant chemotherapy trial (CALGB 89803).

Results:

Of 1,024 patients (median follow-up: 7.3 years), 311 died, 350 had recurrences, and 394 had events for disease-free survival. Compared with patients in the lowest quintile of EDIH, the corresponding HRs of patients in the highest quintile for disease-free survival events, cancer recurrence, and overall mortality were 0.80 (95% CI, 0.56–1.15), 0.76 (95% CI, 0.51–1.11), and 0.77 (95% CI, 0.52–1.14).

Conclusions:

Higher EDIH was not associated with the risk of colon cancer recurrence or mortality in this population of patients with stage III colon cancer.

Impact:

EDIH, as a measure of dietary insulinemic potential, may be associated with colon cancer risk but not survival in patients with late-stage colon cancer.
Camrelizumab Plus Gemcitabine, Vinorelbine, and Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin in Relapsed/Refractory Primary Mediastinal B-Cell Lymphoma: A Single-Arm, Open-Label, Phase II Trial
Authors: Mei Qian , Zhang Wenying , Liu Yang , Yang Qingming , Rasko John E.J. , Nie Jing , Liu Jiejie , Li Xiang , Dong Liang , Chen Meixia , Zhang Yan , Shi Lu , Wu Huitao , Han Weidong
Published: June 2020

Purpose:

Patients with relapsed/refractory primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (rrPMBCL) represent a particularly challenging population to treat, with few life-saving treatment options in the context of a dismal prognosis.

Patients and Methods:

In this open-label, single-arm, phase II study, the safety and efficacy of combined regimen of chemotherapy consisting of gemcitabine, vinorelbine, and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (GVD) plus anti-PD-1 antibody camrelizumab was assessed in rrPMBCL. Patients received chemo-immunotherapy every 3 weeks until the second confirmed complete response (CR) or up to 12 cycles, followed by camrelizumab monotherapy for up to 1 year. The primary endpoints were objective response rate (ORR) and safety.

Results:

Twenty-seven response evaluable patients were enrolled, who received a median of three first-line therapies, 59% with bulky disease. The ORR was 74%, including 56% with a CR. A median time of 1.7 months to response was observed, with 78% exhibiting tumor shrinkage at the first evaluation. After 24.8 months median follow-up, the median duration of response was not reached, with a 65% 2-year estimated response rate. Thirteen responders remained in sustained complete remission. Estimated 24-month progression-free survival and overall survival rates were 48.2% and 81.5%, respectively. Any grade and grade 3 treatment-related adverse events (AE) occurred in 93% and 33% of patients, respectively; with no grade 4 or 5 AEs. Baseline levels of IL10, IFNγ, and soluble Fas were associated with objective response.

Conclusions:

Camrelizumab plus GVD chemotherapy offers a potent option as life-saving chemo-immunotherapy with promising efficacy and a manageable safety profile for patients with rrPMBCL, especially with bulky aggressive disease.
Functional Genetic Screening Enables Theranostic Molecular Imaging in Cancer
Authors: Perkons Nicholas R. , Johnson Omar , Pilla Gabrielle , Profka Enri , Mercadante Michael , Ackerman Daniel , Gade Terence P.F.
Published: June 2020

Purpose:

Targeted therapies for cancer have accelerated the need for functional imaging strategies that inform therapeutic efficacy. This study assesses the potential of functional genetic screening to integrate therapeutic target identification with imaging probe selection through a proof-of-principle characterization of a therapy–probe pair using dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP)-enhanced magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI).

Experimental Design:

CRISPR-negative selection screens from a public dataset were used to identify the relative dependence of 625 cancer cell lines on 18,333 genes. Follow-up screening was performed in hepatocellular carcinoma with a focused CRISPR library targeting imaging-related genes. Hyperpolarized [1-13C]-pyruvate was injected before and after lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor (LDHi) administration in male Wistar rats with autochthonous hepatocellular carcinoma. MRSI evaluated intratumoral pyruvate metabolism, while T2-weighted segmentations quantified tumor growth.

Results:

Genetic screening data identified differential metabolic vulnerabilities in 17 unique cancer types that could be imaged with existing probes. Among these, hepatocellular carcinoma required lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) for growth more than the 29 other cancer types in this database. LDH inhibition led to a decrease in lactate generation (P < 0.001) and precipitated dose-dependent growth inhibition (P < 0.01 overall, P < 0.05 for dose dependence). Intratumoral alanine production after inhibition predicted the degree of growth reduction (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

These findings demonstrate that DNP-MRSI of LDH activity using hyperpolarized [1-13C]-pyruvate is a theranostic strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma, enabling quantification of intratumoral LDHi pharmacodynamics and therapeutic efficacy prediction. This work lays the foundation for a novel theranostic platform wherein functional genetic screening informs imaging probe selection to quantify therapeutic efficacy on a cancer-by-cancer basis.
Novel Miniaturized Drug Conjugate Leverages HSP90-driven Tumor Accumulation to Overcome PI3K Inhibitor Delivery Challenges to Solid Tumors
Authors: Perino Samantha , Moreau Benoit , Freda Jessica , Cirello Amanda , White Brian H. , Quinn James M. , Kriksciukaite Kristina , Someshwar Ashwajith , Romagnoli Janel , Robinson Megan , Movassaghian Sara , Cipriani Tyler , Wooster Richard , Bilodeau Mark T. , Whalen Kerry A.
Published: June 2020

The PI3K pathway is considered a master regulator for cancer due to its frequent activation, making it an attractive target for pharmacologic intervention. While substantial efforts have been made to develop drugs targeting PI3K signaling, few drugs have been able to achieve the inhibition necessary for effective tumor control at tolerated doses. HSP90 is a chaperone protein that is overexpressed and activated in many tumors and as a consequence, small-molecule ligands of HSP90 are preferentially retained in tumors up to 20 times longer than in normal tissue. We hypothesize that the generation of conjugates that use a HSP90-targeting ligand and a payload such as copanlisib, may open the narrow therapeutic window of this and other PI3K inhibitors. In support of this hypothesis, we have generated a HSP90-PI3K drug conjugate, T-2143 and utilizing xenograft models, demonstrate rapid and sustained tumor accumulation of the conjugate, deep pathway inhibition, and superior efficacy than the PI3K inhibitor on its own. Selective delivery of T-2143 and the masking of the inhibitor active site was also able to mitigate a potentially dose-limiting side effect of copanlisib, hyperglycemia. These data demonstrate that by leveraging the preferential accumulation of HSP90-targeting ligands in tumors, we can selectively deliver a PI3K inhibitor leading to efficacy in multiple tumor models without hyperglycemia in mice. These data highlight a novel drug delivery strategy that allows for the potential opening of a narrow therapeutic window through specific tumor delivery of anticancer payloads and reduction of toxicity.
NRG1/ERBB3 Pathway Activation Induces Acquired Resistance to XPO1 Inhibitors
Authors: Miyake Takahito M. , Pradeep Sunila , Bayraktar Emine , Stur Elaine , Handley Katelyn F. , Wu Sherry Y. , Rodriguez-Aguayo Cristian , Lee Ju-Seog , Lopez-Berestein Gabriel , Coleman Robert L. , Sood Anil K.
Published: June 2020

XPO1 inhibitors have shown promise in cancer treatment, but mechanisms of resistance to these drugs are not well understood. In this study, we established selective inhibitors of nuclear export (SINE)-resistant ovarian cancer cell lines from in vivo mouse tumors and determined the mechanisms of adaptive XPO1 inhibitor resistance using protein and genomic arrays. Pathway analyses revealed upregulation of the NRG1/ERBB3 pathway in SINE-resistant cells. Depletion of ERBB3 using siRNAs restored the antitumor effect of SINE in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, exogenous NRG1 decreased the antitumor effect of SINE in ovarian cancer cell lines with high ERBB3 expression, but not in those with low expression. These results suggest that NRG1 and ERBB3 expression is a potential biomarker of response to SINE treatment. The antitumor effect of SINE was reduced by exogenous NRG1 in an ERBB3-dependent manner. These findings suggest that NRG1 and ERBB3 are effective biomarkers that should be evaluated in future clinical trials and are relevant therapeutic targets for the treatment of SINE-resistant cancers.
Abstract A14: Modeling drug combination sensitivity with Hopfield networks and transcriptomics data
Authors: Piermarocchi Carlo , Domanskyi Sergii , Hakansson Alex , Paternostro Giovanni
Published: June 2020

The Hopfield neural network model is one of the simplest models able to mathematically implement Waddington’s interpretation of normal and anomalous cell phenotypes as dynamical attractors of epigenetic landscapes. Here, we propose a computational approach based on Hopfield’s associative memories that integrate gene expression data and gene interactome networks in (1) a model representing the dynamics and control of disease progression in multiple myeloma (MM), and (2) a model describing the control of angiogenesis. The MM model is built using single-cell RNA-seq data from bone marrow aspirates of MM patients as well as patients diagnosed with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM), two medical conditions that often progress to full MM. We identify different clusters of MGUS, SMM, and MM cells, map them to Hopfield associative memory patterns, and model the dynamics of transition between the different patterns. The model is then used to identify combinations of genes whose simultaneous inhibition is associated with delayed disease progression. In the angiogenesis control model, we use single-cell RNA-seq data to predict specific combinations of targets for inhibition that could induce a cellular transition from tip-like to stalk-like endothelial cells, inhibiting the formation of capillary sprouts in blood vessels. The model generates novel hypotheses for combinations that could complement standard VEGF inhibitors and lead to a more efficient control of angiogenesis in cancer.

Citation Format: Carlo Piermarocchi, Sergii Domanskyi, Alex Hakansson, Giovanni Paternostro. Modeling drug combination sensitivity with Hopfield networks and transcriptomics data [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Evolving Landscape of Cancer Modeling; 2020 Mar 2-5; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A14.