bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regulatory factors influence grapheme-color associations in synesthete and non-synesthetes: a review and model
Authors: Root Nicholas , Rouw Romke
Published: January 2021

Grapheme-color synesthetes experience linguistic symbols (e.g., letters of the alphabet) as having a consistent color (e.g., “The letter S is burgundy red”). Intriguingly, when non-synesthetes are forced to choose colors for letters, similar non-random distributions are observed. Why are certain letters likelier to be associated with certain colors? Researchers have long sought to explain these trends, and in the past few decades numerous studies have reported correlations between synesthetic colors and various properties of letters, such as ordinal position, frequency in the language, and even pronunciation. These influences, which we call “Regulatory Factors” (RFs), each explain some fraction of the variation in observed associations. In the present work, we provide an updated review of the literature, covering all known studies of RFs. We describe each RF and the operationalization that was used to measure it. For each RF, we also replicate the results in our own database of synesthetes and non-synesthetes, in some cases testing for the first time whether the RF influences the associations of non-synesthete controls. Finally, we introduce a new statistical model of synesthetic associations, that can evaluate the effect of all RFs in a single model.
Public fear of protesters and support for protest policing: An experimental study
Authors: Metcalfe Christi , Pickett Justin
Published: January 2021

As protests erupted across the United States in recent years over politically polarized issues (e.g., Black Lives Matter, COVID-19 restrictions), so too did questions about when and how police should respond. The context of these protests and how police reacted to them varied substantially, with limited understanding of relevant public attitudes. Public opinion is double-edged; it is critical for police legitimacy and influences criminal justice policy, but it also often reflects racial animus. We hypothesized that disruptive, dangerous, or unlawful protest tactics would increase support for police control, by elevating public fear, but also that support for repression would be higher when protest goals conflict with preexisting racial beliefs. To test our hypotheses, we embedded an experiment in a nationwide survey fielded in 2020, after George Floyd’s killing sparked the broadest protests in U.S. history. We randomized protest tactics (e.g., weapon carrying, violence) and goals, as well as other contextual characteristics (e.g., protest size). We found that the public generally opposed repressive protest policing. However, certain protest tactics increased support for repression by increasing public fear. Protest goals (e.g., pro-Black Lives Matter, anti-COVID-19 restrictions, or pro-confederate monuments) also impacted support for repression, but the effect depended on respondents’ racial beliefs.
The Effects of an Authentic Coaching Intervention on Athlete Outcomes: A Pilot Randomised Control Trial
Authors: Malloy Ella , Kavussanu Maria
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesAuthentic leadership could produce promising outcomes in sport. However, no intervention designed to increase coaches’ authentic leadership exists. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate such an intervention by examining its efficacy on a range of athlete outcomes.Design Mixed design with Group (Intervention, Control) as between and Time (pre, post) as within-participants factors.MethodA total of 18 coaches (Mage = 37.89; 83% male) who were coaching 153 athletes (Mage = 20.48; 50.3% females) were randomly allocated, via block randomisation, into either an intervention (n = 60) or a control group (n = 93). The coaches in the intervention group received a 2-hour-long workshop, had a midway-point meeting, and completed weekly coaching logs. The control group did not receive an intervention. Data were collected prior to the intervention and two months after the intervention had been completed. Results A manipulation check revealed the intervention group reported higher authentic leadership, compared to the control group. A repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance indicated that athletes in the intervention group reported significantly higher enjoyment and prosocial behaviours from pre to post-test compared to the control group. Conclusions The findings suggest that an authentic leadership intervention could be effective in improving coaches’ authentic behaviours and promoting positive athlete outcomes
“FUNNY PICTURES”: FROM THE HISTORY OF THE MUSEUM OF ANTHROPOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY AND THE MUSEUM OF THE HISTORY OF RELIGION OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR (1932–1933)
Authors:   St Petersburg State University, Shakhnovich Marianna
Published: January 2021

In the Leningrad of 1932–1933, two events took place in the academic world that would play an important role in the history of Soviet ethnography, museum construction and religious studies: the opening of the Museum of the History of Religion and the reorganization of the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography of the Academy of Sciences. At that time, the Academy of Sciences considered it a priority to establish research institutes on the basis of academic museums. If a small collective of the new Museum of the History of Religion, headed by its director Vladimir Bogoras, welcomed such an undertaking, then the reform of the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, its merger with the Institute for the Study of the Peoples of the USSR and the creation of the Institute of Ethnography of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR on their basis was quite painful for many MAE staff and led to the layoff or change in the status of the employees. The article publishes drawings and texts found in the Photo Library of the State Museum of the History of Religion, in the St Petersburg branch of the RAS Archive, and in the Department of Manuscripts of the Russian National Library, reflecting these events in a satirical form. The author presents cartoons from the wall newspaper of the Museum of the History of Religion (1932–1933), depicting Vladimir Bogoras, an ironic note by Bogoras himself about the participation of scientific workers in the exhibition work, as well as a poem by Eugeny Kagarov’s “The Revised Iliad”, which satirically presents personnel changes at the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography in 1933. The author of the article notes the importance of the discovered satirical works as a source that, like memoirs and letters, reflects subjective impressions and demonstrates a personal attitude to what is happening. In the article, these documents are commented on in detail, showing their importance for the study of the history of the Leningrad community of ethnographers and historians of religion in the early 1930s.
A Review of JAN PLAMPER, ISTORIYA EMOTSIY [THE HISTORY OF EMOTIONS], transl. from English by K. Levinson. Moscow: NLO, 2018, 568 pp.
Authors:   European University at St Petersburg, Pirogovskaya Maria
Published: January 2021

The present review examines an attempt at a historiography of emotion studies that combines history, anthropology, and cognitive science under one cover. In The History of Emotions, the German historian Jan Plamper tries to pinpoint the current state of our fragmented knowledge of emotions and to lay out opportunities for fruitful contacts between social and life sciences. The four chapters of his monograph cover topics such as a historiography of the history of emotions, the constructionist approach to emotions in anthropology, the life sciences’ universalist theories of emotions, and the prospects of emotion studies. To a certain degree, such an organisation of the material reproduces the outline and arguments of the nature or nurture debate which juxtaposed humanities and life sciences in their support of cultural or biological interpretations of emotions, respectively. The review meditates on the conceptual structure of the monograph and surveys some shortcomings stemming from the discussion of emotion studies within isolated frameworks of particular disciplines. In the conclusion, ideas and terms lost and found in their translation to Russian are discussed.
Reliability and construct validity of knowledge, attitude and practice of medical doctors on smoking cessation guidelines
Authors: Md Aris Mohd Aznan , Nik Mohamed Mohamad Haniki , Mohd Rus Razman , Jamani Nurjasmine Aida , Shalihin Mohd Shaiful Ehsan
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Prevalence of active smokers in Malaysia is increasing despite availability of stop smoking clinics. Thus, practice of the healthcare professionals in providing smoking cessation intervention needs to be assessed. This study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of medical doctors on national smoking cessation guidelines  and factors contributing to the score. Methods: The 26 items consists of mixture of                        true/false questions; strongly-agree/agree/don’tknow/disagree/strongly-disagree response; and always/frequent/seldom/never response were created based on domain of 5A’s (ask, assess, advice, assist, arrange) and 5R’s (relevant, risks, rewards, roadblocks, repetitions). The questionnaires were distributed to 141 medical doctors. Reliability was determined using Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency while construct validity was assessed using factor analysis. Results: A high degree of internal consistency was observed for this 26 items (Cronbach’s alpha= 0.824). Subsequently, 2 items with poor inter-item correlations were removed. Factor analysis extracted 7 meaningful components from this remaining 24 items, in which 3 components with least items were deleted due to overlapping subscale with other components, leaving 4 meaningful components of (1st) practice ask, advice, assess and practice 5R’s, (2nd) practice of assist and arrange for those willing to quit, (3rd) knowledge and (4th) attitude. These final 17 items still demonstrate high internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha of 0.832. Conclusions: This study indicates that this questionnaire is a reliable and valid tool to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice on stop smoking guidelines. Improvement can be made for attitude items in the future.
Radionuclide study in gastroparesis: Is it still relevant?
Authors: Abdul Rahim Mohamad Shahrir , Shuaib Ibrahim Lutfi bin , Ahmad Sarji Sazilah binti
Published: January 2021

The incidence of gastroparesis in Malaysia is not well documented. Gastroparesis may present with various combinations of debilitating sign and symptoms that decrease quality of life and increases morbidity. It is diagnosed based on clinical symptoms and exclusion of the obstruction. There should be a high index of suspicion in patients who present with symptoms to avoid missing the diagnosis. There are various approaches to study the gastric motility. Here’s a case of a young adult woman with type 1 diabetes mellitus suffering severe gastrointestinal symptoms. In this case, radionuclide scintigraphy is used as one of the investigation to confirm the diagnosis of gastroparesis. Radionuclide scintigraphy remains a hallmark in the diagnosis of gastroparesis after excluding mechanical obstruction.
Nigella sativa oil extracts improves dyslipidaemia in high fat diet (HFD) animal model
Authors: Rahim Roslina Abdul , Badaruddin Muhammad Taufiq , Ahmed Qamar Uddin , Muhammad Siti Aesah @ Naznin
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Nigella sativa has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. We aimed to investigate the effects of Nigella sativa oil extract on the high fat diet (HFD) fed animal model. Methods: Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Four groups (n=7) were fed with high fat diet (HFD) rat pellet orally for 10 weeks. The rats with HFD groups were subsequently randomly divided again into 4 groups. One group was continued with HFD while the other 3 groups were continued with the HFD in addition to Nigella sativa oil extract treatment at three different concentrations (0.5, 1 and 1.5 ml/kg/day) for another 4 weeks. Blood biochemical analysis and histological assessment of liver were subsequently performed. Results: Animals fed with HFD had increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin, cholesterol/HDL ratio, triglyceride (TG) levels, but decreased globulin, albumin/globulin ratio and high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Meanwhile, HFD animals treated with Nigella sativa oil extract showed a significant increase in the globulin and HDL levels, but reduced ALP, albumin, cholesterol/HDL ratio and TG levels. Nigella sativa oil extract at the higher doses displayed much better effect. Histologically the liver in all groups exhibited micro vesicular steatosis. Conclusions: Nigella sativa oil extracts improve the dyslipidaemia in animal models with HFD.
Grief & Personal Growth: Reflection from Quran, Hadith and Modern Medicine
Authors: Raduan Nor Jannah Nasution , Mat Rosly Najwa Hanim , Razali Zul Azlin , Siddiq Muhammad Al , Salleh Mohd Razali
Published: January 2021

Grief has been defined as the reaction towards loss with typical symptoms including sadness, anger, guilt, yearning, regret, loneliness, numbness and positive feelings related to individual’s personal experience. Grief has been postulated to occur when a safe and secure bond has been threatened. This loss can be an opportunity for personal growth. It is growth that emerges from difficult life events. It may occur during or after the process of grieving. We reviewed three cases related to grief and personal growth. Three cases were described where grief and personal growth were observed. Each case occurred in different situations. These different situations were; an adult child and caregiver of patient with dementia, a widow who loss her husband from drowning, and a cancer survivor who experienced psychological and spiritual growth from the loss and adverse life event. As a comparison three stories taken from the Quran and Hadith were analyzed to reflect on the three case discussions. The Quran and Hadith have mentioned stories of personal growth emerging from difficulties. The completeness of Islamic creed has never neglected the spiritual component in treating medical, physical and psychological illnesses. Islamic spirituality facilitates and enhances personal growth in the aftermath of any physical and psychological tribulations. It is important to merge the spiritual aspects of grief from Islamic perspective, as to aid those suffering from grief to attain personal and spiritual growth.
Primary Breast Sarcoma in a Middle Age Lady: A Rare Presentation
Authors: M Adzwani. , X.J Tang. , MS Salleh , H Norra. , K.A Aina.
Published: January 2021

Sarcoma is an aggressive, malignant condition of a breast. It is a rare condition, which makes it difficult to diagnose at clinicopathological study. We are reporting a case of a primary breast sarcoma in a 54-year-old menopausal lady that came with painless fast growing right breast lump within 6 months of duration. Clinically, there was a huge mobile painless right breast lump without discoloration of skin noted. Both axilla and supraclavicular lymph node were not palpable. A mammogram showed large lobulated dense mass 8.3cm x 10.0cm in size occupying right upper outer quadrant correspond to BIRADS 4 lesion. A trucut biopsy reported as a papillary lesion. Repeated trucut biopsy reported as mesenchymal lesion with smooth muscle differentiation. With this histopathology report, she was diagnosed with mesenchymal tumor of right breast. She underwent an uneventful mastectomy. Histopathological examination of the surgical specimen reported as tumor with mesenchymal differentiation which requiring further confirmation by breast-endocrine pathologist as primary breast sarcoma. She was subjected to post op radiotherapy to the chest wall followed by adjuvant chemotherapy.
Rare Presentation of Liver Abscess
Authors: Arifin BA , Rauf M , Salleh MS , Nyin LY
Published: January 2021

Liver abscess can present in various manners and in some cases causes delays and misdiagnoses. We are reporting 2 cases of rare presentation of liver abscess. The first case is a 64-year-old gentleman presented with right hypochondriac pain since August 2017 and diagnosed to have liver abscess. He was treated with antibiotics and serial imaging for reassessment. However, he presented again this year with right sided anterior abdominal wall swelling. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed anterior abdominal wall collection with extension into right internal and external oblique muscles with communication with liver collection at segment VII. An open incision and drainage was performed with drain inserted over the anterior abdominal wall collection. He was then referred to hepatobiliary center for further management. Second case is a 30-year-old gentleman underlying Beta thalassemia major- post splenectomy with Klebsiella pneumonia bacteremia noted to have left multiseptated collection with posterobasal consolidation and left parapneumonic effusion which was initially misdiagnosed as splenic abscess. However, with further imaging was confirmed to be a left liver abscess with focal discontinuity in left hemidiaphragm, which communicates between liver abscess and enlarging left lower loculated pleural effusion. Radiological guided pigtail catheter was inserted and serial imaging showed collection decreasing in size. Extra-abdominal manifestation of a liver abscess is a rare clinical entity and is not well documented. The advent of ultrasound and CT scan, there has been improvement in the rate of early diagnosis even with these uncommon presentations. Percutaneous drainage with antimicrobial therapy remains gold standard for a non-ruptured abscess. Surgical intervention should be considered for large, complex, multiseptated abscesses or in whom percutaneous drainage has failed.
The Role of Soft Tissue Coverage in Limb Salvaging and Reconstructive Surgery of Foot and Ankle
Authors: Yi KOW Ren , Ahmad Alwi Akmal Azim , Abas Muhammad Firdaus , Leng Low Chooi
Published: January 2021

Since humans evolutionally adapt to a bipedal gait, the foot is important to allow humans to stand up, walk, run, and to jump. Without the soft tissues and bones at the foot and ankle, our lower limbs could not support the weight of the body. Crush injury of the foot and ankle is a consequence of high energy trauma leading to combined bone and soft tissue loss or destruction. The treatment of crush injury of the foot and ankle remains a challenge as it is associated with high morbidity. We report two cases of traumatic injury of foot and ankle to highlight the paramount importance of soft tissue coverage in limb salvaging and reconstructive surgery of foot and ankle.
Trauma Audit for Intra-Abdominal Injury in Hospital Pulau Pinang
Authors: Hui Gan Choon , S Viknesh , Wong Wai Pheng , Hamid Sahul
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Intra-abdominal injury is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in all age groups in the world. Our aim is to review the demography, incidence rates and prevalence of intra-abdominal injury in Hospital Pulau Pinang in a tertiary hospital in Northern region of Malaysia. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients diagnosed with intra-abdominal injury from January 2016 until December 2017 using an in-house electronic database. Traumatic renal injury was excluded. Diagnosis was confirmed via contrast-enhanced CT scan or exploratory laparotomy. Results: A total of 82 patients were diagnosed with intraabdominal injury over a period of 2 years. There is a male (75.61%) and of Chinese ethnicity (43.90%) predominance. Median age at presentation was 20 years old. The oldest patient was 94 years old and the youngest patient was 9 months old. Commonest etiology was motor vehicle accident (78.04%) followed by traumatic fall (12.19%). The commonest injury was splenic injury (50%) followed by liver injury (39.28%). The majority of patient (59.52%) was treated non-surgically, in which a grade 2 splenic injury patient underwent operation after failing a non-operative management. There were only 2 mortalities among the 34 patients in the operative group. There is a higher incidence among Chinese ethnicity due to skewed distribution of Chinese population in our studied area in relation to total Chinese population in Malaysia. We showed a reduction in negative laparotomy in stable patients with suspected intra-abdominal injury with the utilization of a CT scan. Decision for non-operative management should be tailored to individualized approach accompanied by serial assessment for optimal care. Conclusion: Blunt trauma was the most common type of intra-abdominal injury and the spleen was found to be the most common organ injured.
Psychological Well-Being among Nursing Students
Authors: Al-Ani Ali Sabri Radeef
Published: January 2021

Introduction:  Nursing students are subjected to a variety of stressors during their study. Severe and prolonged stressors may affect the psychological well-being in the form of depression, anxiety and stress which may affect students’ academic performance, physical health and quality of life. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the rate and severity of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms and also to assess the relationship between these symptoms with stressors faced by the students. Materials and method: A sample of 174 nursing students from International Islamic University Malaysia participated in this study. Depression Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21) was used to assess the psychological well-being by determining the prevalence and severity of depression, anxiety and stress (DAS) symptoms. The sources of stressors were identified by giving the students a list of the most possible source of stressors which were chosen depending on previous studies, and then the severity of stressors and their relationship with these symptoms were assessed. Results: The overall prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms was 51.7%, 81.6% and 43.1% respectively but it was found that 13.2%, 44.3% and 10.3% of nursing students have clinically significant depression, anxiety and stress respectively. No significant differences between the gender and age of students in relation to DAS symptoms. Regarding the source of stressors, the top five stressors decided by the students were fear of failing, examination and grades, study pressure and obligations, fear of unemployment after graduation and academic overload. Conclusion: Depression, anxiety and stress symptoms are present among nursing students which require early intervention. Academic factors can be considered as sources of stressors that may precipitate emotional disturbances among the nursing students.
General Paresis in a Child with Unusual Presentation
Authors: Anuar Muhamad Azamin , Khadijah Wan Alina , Abu Bakar Asrar , Mohamed Mossad Abdelhak Shaban , Hasan Taufiq Hidayat
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Acute onset quadriparesis can be a manifestation of a variety of neurological, metabolic or autoimmune conditions. Rarely, it could be one of many clinical presentations of juvenile dermatomyositis which belongs to the group of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies of childhood. We report the case of a 9-year old girl who presented with global myopathy over a two-month period. Case report: A 9-year-old girl referred with a 2 months history of generalised muscular pain and weakness. There were no significant history of preceded illness, trauma or excessive strenuous exercises. She had no other systemic complaints such as fever or skin rash. Past medical history was unremarkable except for recurrent tonsillitis. Physical examination revealed a child with normal alertness and behaviour. She has notable generalised swelling of all four limbs. Her neurological examination revealed normal tone however her power was definitely reduced in all four limbs (Graded 3/5). She demonstrated signs of proximal myopathy. Subsequent investigations revealed high Creatinine Kinase (CK) levels of 6470U/L, ESR 84mm/hr with deranged transaminases and positive serum mycoplasma and CMV IgM. Her MRI brain and spine along with lumbar puncture results were normal. She was referred to tertiary centre for further evaluation as her weakness progressed. An MRI muscle demonstrated marked inflammation in all four limbs including paravertebral muscles. Her muscle biopsy showed inflammatory myopathy leading to a diagnosis of juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM). She is now showing sustained clinical improvements following a course of immunoglobulin and corticosteroids therapy. Discussion: The diagnosis of JDM is generally considered in patients with rash-associated muscle weakness. Essentially, it involves assessment of muscle, skin, lung and cardiac involvement on top of baseline list of investigations that has been outline by Single Hub and Access point for pediatric Rheumatology in Europe (SHARE). This case reflects that JDM is possible despite non-existent of skin involvement.
Mechanisms of Colorectal Cancer Cell Growth and Metastasis Inhibition By Carp-1 Functional Mimetic-4
Authors: Ashour Abdelkader E. , Almuslim Anwar A. , Kumar Ashok , Zoheir Khairy M. A. , Ahmed Rehan , Ahmad Sheikh F. , Attia Sabry M. , AlGhamdi Khalid M. , Abd-Allah Adel R. A.
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) constitutes one of the most aggressive malignancies worldwide and in Malaysia. Due to high recurrence rate and toxic side effects associated with radiation and chemotherapies, new agents are urgently needed. CARP-1 is a peri-nuclear phospho-protein which plays a dynamic role in regulating cell growth and apoptosis. CARP-1 functional mimetics (CFMs) are a class of compounds that stimulate CARP-1. CFM-4, a lead compound, was shown to suppress growth and metastasis of various cancers, other than CRC. We hypothesized that CFM-4 inhibits proliferation and metastasis in CRC. Materials and method:  CFM-4 anti-cancer effects of on CRC cells were investigated using MTT assay, Annexin V/Propidium iodide (PI) apoptosis assay, cell cycle analysis, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. Antimetastatic activities were assessed by migration, colony formation and invasion assays. Results: CFM-4 inhibited CRC cell proliferation and was much more potent than the classical anti-CRC 5-fluorouracil. These effects were shown to be mediated at least in part by stimulating apoptosis, as indicated in our Annexin V/PI assay results. Cell cycle analysis showed that CFM-4 induced G2/M phase arrest. Molecularly, qRT-PCR results revealed that CFM-4 promoted intrinsic apoptosis by upregulating expression of  caspase-8  and  -9 ,  p53,   PUMA  and  Noxa,  and stimulated extrinsic apoptosis by enhancing expression of death receptors (DR4 and DR5). CFM-4 upregulated  NF- k B  signaling inhibitor A20-binding inhibitor protein and the  PI3K  negative regulator  PTEN.  Western blot analysis results revealed that CFM-4 enhanced expression of CARP1, caspase-8 and executioner caspase-3. Metastatic properties of the CRC cells were reduced by CFM-4 through blocking their capabilities to form colonies, migrate and invade through the matrix-coated membranes. Conclusion: The potent antitumor and anti-metastatic properties of CFM-4 against CRC are due to collective pro-apoptotic, anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic activities. Together our data warrants further investigations of CFM-4 as potential anti-tumor agent for CRC malignancy and metastasis.
Prevalence and Predictors of Pediculosis Capitis among Female Primary School Children in Kuantan, Pahang
Authors: Yunos Nur Aqilah , Mohd Tohit Nor Faiza , Mohd Rus Razman
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Pediculosis capitis has been a worldwide concern among the vulnerable population of primary school children due to the physical, economical and psychological consequences that it brings to both the children and their caretakers. It is observed that there were only limited studies conducted in Malaysia and no previous study was done in Kuantan despite the health concern that it bears. Since both local and worldwide studies show that  Pediculosis capitis  is more prevalent among female as compared to male school children, thus, this study aims to investigate the prevalence and predictors of  Pediculosis capitis  among female primary school children in Kuantan. Materials and method: An analytical crosssectional study using cluster random sampling was carried out in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. A self-administered validated questionnaire was used to collect the data among female primary school children from standard one to six. Hair and scalp examination was performed to identify presence of  Pediculosis capitis  infestation. Multivariate logistic regression was used to control for potential confounding and determine the predictors  Results: 10 schools participated in the study with total number of 636 female students as respondents. The overall prevalence of  Pediculosis capitis among female primary school children was 17.6% (n=112). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that Indian (OR=5.634, 95% CI= 3.157-10.055), history of contact with infested person (OR=2.822, 95% CI=1.6193.691) and those who had number of family members more than four (OR=0.065, 95% CI=0.008-0.550) were predictors for  Pediculosis capitis Conclusion: The prevalence of  Pediculosis capitis  among female primary school children in Kuantan, Pahang is endemic (17.6%) and predictors are Indian, history of contact with infested person and having family members of more than 4. Hence, there is a need for health intervention to reduce the burden of  Pediculosis capitis  infestation.
Systematic Review on The Effectiveness of Using Carbon Monoxide Measurement in Smoking Cessation Intervention
Authors: Zainal Abidin Muhammad Adil , Kadir @ Shahar Hayati , Abdul Manaf Rosliza
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Carbon monoxide measurement is one of the biomedical risk assessments in smoking cessation. With the advancement in medical devices, risk assessment among smoker using carbon monoxide can be an effective intervention for quit smoking. A systematic review was conducted on the effectiveness of using carbon monoxide measurement in smoking cessation intervention. Material and methods: A systematic review and narrative synthesis were done using PRISMA guideline. A broad database search on English literature was conducted including Medline, PubMed, Scopus and Science Direct from 2008 till 2017. Additional studies were also searched through snowballing technique by searching the bibliographies of selected studies. Five studies met the criteria with two studies were done in clinical settings while the other was done at population settings. The studies were conducted in the United States of America, United Kingdom and South Korea. All study were two-arm randomized controlled trials with variation in the outcome measurement mainly intention to quit, quit attempt and smoking abstinence. There was also variation in the duration of follow up ranging from 1 week to 12 months. Results: Only three studies found statistically significant increased in motivation or intention to quit smoking but only at 1 month follow up. All five study found no significant difference in frequency of quit attempt or smoking abstinence. Most of the studies recruited participants based on voluntary participation thus limiting the generalizability of the results. Conclusions: The present review has found limited studies on the effect of carbon monoxide measurement intervention for quit smoking. It may only be beneficial at the motivational level and not translated into behavioural changes. However, the effect too was short term and not sustained in the long term.
Predicting Workplace Fecal Occult Blood Test Screening Uptake using Generalized Estimating Equations: A Sensitivity Analyses
Authors: MA Edre , KS Hayati , MS Salmiah , SI Sharifah Norkhadijah , MN Azmi
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Many studies have shown the effectiveness of educational modules on increasing colorectal cancer screening uptake at individual level but not adjusted for potential clustering effect such as workplace. Longitudinal studies on workplace colorectal cancer screening require a series of analysis under different conditions due to heterogeneity of workplace population. To achieve this, a sensitivity analysis based on Generalized Estimating Equations was conducted to determine the robustness of the predictive performance of health education module in increasing screening uptake. Materials and Method: A parallel, single blind, cluster randomized trial was conducted among 15 organizations in Kuantan, Pahang. Intervention group received a complex Health Education Module comprising of group education, practical session on fecal occult blood test usage and WhatsApp group follow-up, while control group received standard colorectal cancer screening brochure. Sensitivity analyses using intention to treat analysis with interaction term, compatibility term, behavioral intention term and key assumption term were performed. Data were imputed and analysed using generalized estimating equation with IBM SPSS version 23. Pooled adjusted odds ratio was calculated using random effect model with inverse variance weighting using RevMan version 3.5. Results: A total of 166 participants from 15 organizations were recruited in the study. Intervention and control group were comparable at baseline (P>0.05). Health Education Module given in intervention group significantly increased the uptake of FOBT by nearly 5 times compared to control group in sensitivity analyses (pooled adjusted OR=4.60, 95% CI=2.65-7.99, I2=47%, P<0.001). Conclusions:  Health Education Module was robust in facilitating fecal occult blood test uptake in different predictive models. Health Education Module should be implemented as a workplace health promotion program to improve colorectal cancer screening for early detection and prompt treatment.
Transforaminal Endoscopic Discectomy: A Targeted Spinal Surgery
Authors: Japar Khan Ed Simor Khan Mor , Yi Kow Ren
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Open discectomy has been the gold standard of care for cases of Prolapsed intervertebral Disc. Tissue dissection is unavoidable in order to access the pathologic disc material. From skin incision, subcutaneous fat tissue, paraspinal muscles, ligamentum flavum, epidural fat, dura and nerve roots has to be encounter before reaching the disc material. With the in out transforaminal endoscopic technique only skin and subcutaneous tissue need to be bridge before reaching the disc material. This technique is also known as a targeted surgical technique. Minimal tissue injury is caused via this technique. Case report: We present 3 case series of prolapsed intervertebral disc which was treated with transforaminal endoscopic technique. Case 1: 49 year old presented with one year history of low back pain and left lower limb sciatica. Straight leg raising sign was positive. MRI showed 2 level disc bulge at L4L5, L5S1 with annular tear at L5S1. Case 2: 26 year old lady presented with 6 months history of low back pain and left lower limb sciatica. Straight leg raising sign was positive. MRI showed extruded disc at L4L5. Case 3: 28 year old lady presented with 8 months history of low back pain and left lower limb sciatica. Straight leg raising sign was positive. MRI showed extruded disc at L5S1 with annular tear. Results: All three patients underwent transformational discectomy. Case 1 and 2 were done under monitored anaesthesia control (MAC) and case 3 was done under epidural. All three patients had satisfactoryÂ  pain relief with complete resolve of straight leg raising (SLR) test. The 1st patient had longer recovery period possibly because of its chronicity of symptoms. Conclusion: Early recovery is expected hence early return to work can be accomplish. In the future this might be the gold standard of treating prolapsed intervertebral disc.
O emotikonach raz jeszcze – na przykładzie emotikonu „XD” w języku polskim
Authors: Kapuścińska Anna
Published: January 2021

Artykuł jest poświęcony niejednokrotnie już podejmowanemu zagadnieniu emotikonówz punktu widzenia ich przynależności do znaków kodu językowego. Powszechnie uważasię, że nie można postrzegać emotikonów jako znaków językowych, ponieważ są one opartena kodzie ikonicznym. Kod ten jest wspólny dla wszystkich emotikonów w zachodnimkręgu kulturowym, które przedstawiają ludzką twarz obróconą o 90 stopni w lewo, wyrażającąokreślone stany emocjonalne. Jest to również podstawowy kod, któremu podlegaemotikon „XD”, wyrażający rozbawienie. Jednocześnie zasługuje on na szczególną uwagęjako bezprecedensowy przykład werbalizacji emotikonów. Znamienny jest fakt, iż właśniejednostka „XD” (wymawiana jako „iksde”) została wybrana Młodzieżowym Słowem Roku2017 w plebiscycie organizowanym przez znane polskie wydawnictwo PWN, co sugerujeuznanie tego pierwotnie ikonicznego znaku przez użytkowników języka za słowo. W ogólniejszymrozumieniu rozszerzony zakres znaczeniowy jednostki „XD” można traktowaćjako (wprawdzie tylko jednostkowy) przykład dynamiki pozornie stabilnego systemuemotikonów oraz jego zdolności do wchodzenia w interakcje z kodem językowym.
Upmany i Anrikleje, Czuje i Nieczuje, czyli o wpływie nazw własnych na interpretację wybranych tomów poezji Jana Kasprowicza
Authors: Kiszka-Pytel Beata
Published: January 2021

Artykuł dotyczy nazw własnych w poezji Jana Kasprowicza, wyekscerpowanych z – wybranych tomów jego poezji – Krzaku dzikiej róży, Księgi ubogich, Hymnów i wydanego pośmiertnie zbioru Mój świat. W analizach pominięte zostały ludowe antroponimy i górskie toponimy. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono natomiast dotychczas marginalizowanym relacjom zachodzącym pomiędzy onimami odnoszącymi się do sfery religijnej i do nazw produktów przemysłowych, a także ich wpływowi na interpretację spuścizny Kasprowicza.
Teksty prawne – od analizy składniowej do uwag o stylu
Authors: Łapa Romana
Published: January 2021

Autorka  w  centrum  uwagi  umieszcza  opis  językoznawczy,  który  bazuje  na  założeniach  składni  mającej    podstawy  znaczeniowe.  Jednostkę  oglądu  stanowi  zdanie  normatywne,  w  którym  obiektem  rozważań  są  kategoria  modalności  i  znaczenia  gramatyczne  sygnalizowane  przez  określone  formy  językowe.  Cele  badawcze  to:  a)  ustalenie,  dzięki  czemu  analiza  zdania  daje  możliwość  opisu  cech  stylistycznych  ustaw;  b)  wyjaśnienie,  ile  jest  tych  cech  i  jak  się  one  nazywają;  c)  określenie,  jaki  jest  w  badanym  materiale  zakres  wykorzystania  językowych  wykładników  stylu  prawnego.  Okazuje  się  m.in.,  że  istota  związku  między  badaniami  składniowymi   i  charakterystyką  stylu  sprowadza  się  do  wyboru  odpowiedniego  obiektu  opisu  i  aparatury  pojęciowej.  Zdanie  normatywne  jest   szczególnym  typem   konstrukcji  syntaktycznej,   gdyż   jego  opis  prowadzi  do   wyodrębnienia  wszystkich  ważnych  cech  stylu  prawnego.  Dokładna  analiza  kategorii  semantycznych  daje  możliwość  zbadania  funkcji  stylistycznych,  jakie  w  tekście  prawnym  pełnią  rozmaite  językowe  wykładniki  tych  kategorii.
O literackim potencjale gwary warmińskiej od końca XIX wieku po czasy współczesne
Authors: Chłosta-Zielonka Joanna
Published: January 2021

Celem artykułu jest zestawienie tekstów literackich napisanych gwarą warmińską lub z wykorzystaniem jej słownictwa, które powstały od końca XIX wieku po czasy współczesne. Zostały one przedstawione na tle historyczno-kulturowym Warmii i w kontekście prowadzonych badań językoznawczych, poczynając od działań Kazimierza Nitscha i Witolda Doroszewskiego, na Marii Biolik kończąc. W zbiorze tekstów, w których pojawiła się gwara warmińska znalazły się bajki, pieśni, przysłowia, legendy, felietony, gawędy, komiks a nawet elementarz. Konkluzją artykułu jest stwierdzenie o zmierzchu gwary warmińskiej, bezpowrotnym jej odejściu  z codziennego obiegu i pozostaniu elementem dziedzictwa kulturowego.
O chrematonimach w reportażach Melchiora Wańkowicza z tomu Anoda i katoda
Authors: Guz Marzena
Published: January 2021

Przedmiotem artykułu są chrematonimy w reportażach Melchiora Wańkowicza z tomuAnoda i katoda. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest prezentacja różnorodności tej kategoriionimicznej. Chrematonimy przyporządkowano pięciu kategoriom: nazwy przedsięwzięćkulturowych, nazwy instytucji, nazwy firm, nazwy pojazdów oraz nazwy produktów.W obrębie poszczególnych kategorii rozróżniono liczne podkategorie, np. wśród nazwprzedsięwzięć kulturowych występują w dziele M. Wańkowicza m.in.: tytuły książek, czasopism,artykułów w czasopismach, tytuły felietonów samego autora. Z kolei w nazwachróżnych rodzajów instytucji wymienia się m.in.: nazwy instytucji związanych z kulturą,instytucji finansowych. W nazwach organizacji, towarzystw wyróżniono przykładowo:organizacje rolnicze, wojskowe, pomocowe i wiele innych. Poświęcono także uwagę kategoriiprzejściowej między toponimią a chrematonimią, czyli nazwom budynków oraznazwom odznaczeń – falaronimom. Ponadto założeniem niniejszego szkicu jest ukazanie,jaką funkcję pełnią chrematonimy w analizowanych tekstach. Największy zbiór stanowiąnazwy przedsięwzięć kulturowych. W tej grupie dominują tytuły książek. Chrematonimyw Anodzie i katodzie najczęściej pełnią trzy podstawowe funkcje: funkcję lokalizacjiw przestrzeni, funkcję socjologiczną oraz informacyjną.
Przymiotniki i imiesłowy przymiotnikowe czynne w przekładzie tekstów reklamowych z języka angielskiego na język polski
Authors: Piecychna Beata
Published: January 2021

Głównym celem pracy jest wykazanie określonych tendencji w przekładzie reklamowymz języka angielskiego na język polski w odniesieniu do przymiotników i imiesłowówprzymiotnikowych czynnych w opisie produktu z branży beauty. Autorka pracy pragniezweryfikować, czy sposób przetłumaczenia wybranych jednostek analizy odpowiada zasadomtworzenia skutecznych tekstów sprzedażowych opracowanym przez specjalistówz branży i językoznawców. W badaniu wykorzystano opis wody toaletowej Blue Wondersfirmy Oriflame oraz jego przekład na język polski. Analiza wykazała, że występującew tekście źródłowym formy adjektywne, istotne z punktu widzenia specyfiki komunikatu,albo zostały pominięte, albo przetłumaczone nieadekwatnie do celu opisu produktu.
Obrazowość polszczyzny średniowiecznej i jej współczesne korelaty. Rozważania wprowadzające
Authors: Rejter Artur
Published: January 2021

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Preventing Foodborne Illness: Campylobacteriosis
Authors: Schneider Keith R. , Goodrich Renée M. , Kirby Melissa A.
Published: January 2021

This is one in a series of facts sheets discussing common foodborne pathogens of interest to food handlers, processors and retailers. This document is FSHN032, one of a series of the Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, IFAS, University of Florida. Publication: January 2003. 

FSHN032/FS098: Preventing Foodborne Illness: Campylobacteriosis (ufl.edu)
The Efficacy and Safety of Plant Oil Mixtures in the Treatment of Xerosis with Pruritus in Elderly People: Randomized double blind Controlled Trial
Authors: Yulia Farida Yahya  , Vani Octyvani , Dimas Ega Wijaya Putra  , Cyntya Sari Sovianti  , Damai Trislinawati  , Tiar Marina  , Nur Riviati
Published: January 2021

A B S T R A C TBackground: Xerosis skin and pruritus is the most commonly found in elderly withsymptoms mild to severe recurrent pruritus, the skin looks rough, scaly, fissured orcracked caused defects in the epidermal barrier function, increase co-morbidity aschronic infections and ulcers that are difficult to heal can decrease the quality of life.Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) has been traditionally used for people in tropical regionas a moisturizer and anti-bacterial effect. In recent study that essential plant oilmixture have effect synergistically as anti inflammatory, anti pruritus, promotingwound healing may act promoting barrier skin and therapeutic. Objective: Efficacyand safety of plant oil mixtures as therapeutic and maintenance moisturizer.forXerosis and pruritus in elderly Method:A randomized controlled trial was involved61 elderly from nursing home and geriatric clinic in Moh. Hoesin General Hospital.They were randomized into 2 groups: plant oil mixtures (n=30) and Virgin Coconutoil (VCO) (n=31), applied on the volar legs twice a day for 4 weeks.Outcomes weremeasured at baseline and weekly, week 2 and 4.To measure of clinical dry scoreused ODSS; pruritus severity and side effect used VAS; for skin hydration usedcorneometer CM825and for sebum level used sebumeter SM 810. Results:Clinicaldry score, pruritus severity of plants oil mixtures group were significantly decreasedthan VCO at week 2 and 4 (p 0.000). Skin hydration and sebum level of plants oilmixture group were significantly increased than VCO at week 2 and 4 (p0.000).Clinical dry score, pruritus severity, skin hydration, andskin sebum levels ofplant oil mixtures were significantly better than VCO at week 4 (p 0.000). There isno side effects on both of plant oil mixtures and VCO groups Conclusion: Plant oilmixtures add pureCelin oil showed better efficacy as a therapeutin and maintanancemoisturizer for xerosis and pruritus in elderly. Both of plant oil mixtures and VCOcan be tolerated and safe to use.
Aplicação de Métodos Computacionais de Mineração de Dados na Classificação e Seleção de Oncogenes Medidos por Microarray
Authors: Rodrigues Fabrício Alves , Amaral Laurence Rodrigues do
Published: January 2021

Introdução: Nas últimas décadas, o câncer ganhou uma dimensão maior, convertendo-se em um evidente problema de saúde pública mundial. A Organização Mundial da Saúde estimou que, no ano 2030, podem-se esperar 27 milhões de casos incidentes de câncer e 17 milhões de mortes por câncer. Frente a esse cenário alarmante, a mineração de dados traz métodos e ferramentas capazes de auxiliar na construção de conhecimentos mais incisivos sobre o câncer. Objetivo: Este trabalho tem por objetivo aplicar cinco métodos tradicionais da mineração de dados à base de dados NCI60, construída com dados oriundos de experimentos de microarray, com níveis de expressão de 1.000 genes agrupados em nove classes de câncer. Método: Foram utilizados neste trabalho os métodos J48, Random Forest, PART , IBK e Naive Bayes, pertencentes ao ambiente Weka, bem tradicionais na mineração de dados. Devido ao baixo número de registros para determinadas classes, utilizou-se, na validação dos resultados obtidos pelos classificadores, o 3-fold cross validation. Resultados: O classificador que obteve a melhor precisão foi o IBK, enquanto os classificadores J48 e PART conseguiram diminuir o conjunto de genes drasticamente, construindo conhecimento de alto nível na forma de árvores ou regras. Conclusão: Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho podem ser utilizados como ferramentas que visam a auxiliar no enfrentamento do câncer, podendo ser utilizadas na classificação de novos casos ou para se conhecer, cada vez mais, as relações gene/gene e gene/câncer.