bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An application of the finite difference method for solving the mass spring system equation
Authors: Ningsi Gabariela Purnama , Nendi Fransiskus , Sugiarti Lana
Published: May 2020

The numerical method is one method that can be used to solve differential equations, both differential equations that are easy or difficult to solve analytically. The solution obtained from the calculation results is an approximate solution or a solution that approaches an analytic solution, not an analytic solution. That is, in solving differential equations numerically, there is always an error. In this paper, an analytical solution is described and described and the application of different methods in solving a damped mass spring system with a known limit value. The error between the analytic and numerical solutions obtained is very small.
El desarrollo del razonamiento geográfico a través de una propuesta ludo-didáctica en la ciudad
Authors: Vichiato Breda Thiara , García de la Vega Alfonso
Published: May 2020

En este trabajo se presenta una propuesta ludo-didáctica sobre el estudio de la ciudad. El estudio de la ciudad necesita identificar conceptos geográficos que intervienen en la dinámica cotidiana y en la evolución de su planeamiento. Por ello, resulta necesario que el alumno haya adquirido ciertas destrezas espaciales, que le permitan realizar la lectura de los planos y el análisis de los fenómenos geográficos en la realidad y aplicarlos a la cartografía. Este estudio de la ciudad se lleva a cabo mediante un planteamiento didáctico donde se presentan tres juegos que fomenten algunas habilidades del pensamiento espacial. Estos tres juegos están elaborados y construidos para el estudio de la ciudad de Ourinhos (São Paulo, Brasil). Esta propuesta didáctica se aplica a los alumnos de los dos cursos del final de la educación primaria para fomentar el pensamiento espacial desde las habilidades espaciales y nociones cartográficas adquiridas. El planteamiento didáctico promueve, desde la aplicación y desarrollo de los juegos en el aula, el análisis, la interpretación y la reflexión de los procesos que condicionan las ciudades.
Identification of novel alternative splicing isoform biomarkers and their association with overall survival in colorectal cancer
Authors: Lian Haifeng , Wang Aili , Shen Yuanyuan , Wang Qian , Zhou Zhenru , Zhang Ranran , Li Kun , Liu Chengxia , Jia Hongtao
Published: May 2020

Background: Alternative splicing (AS) is an important mechanism of regulating eukaryotic gene expression. Understanding the most common AS events in colorectal cancer (CRC) will help developing diagnostic, prognostic or therapeutic tools in CRC.Methods: Publicly available RNA-seq data of 28 pairs of CRC and normal tissues and 18 pairs of metastatic and normal tissues were used to identify AS events using PSI and DEXSeq methods. Result: The highly significant splicing events were used to search a database of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We identified AS events in 9 genes in CRC (more inclusion of CLK1-E4, COL6A3-E6, CD44v8-10, alternative first exon regulation of ARHGEF9, CHEK1, HKDC1 and HNF4A) or metastasis (decrease of SERPINA1-E1a, CALD-E5b, E6). Except for CHEK1, all other 8 splicing events were confirmed by TCGA data with 382 CRC tumors and 51 normal controls. The combination of three splicing events was used to build a logistic regression model that can predict sample type (CRC or normal) with near perfect performance (AUC=1). Two splicing events (COL6A3 and HKDC1) were found to be significantly associated with patient overall survival. The AS features of the 9 genes are highly consistent with previous reports and/or relevant to cancer biology. Conclusions: The significant association of higher expression of the COL6A3 E5-E6 junction and HKDC1 E1-E2 with better overall survival was firstly reported. This study might be of significant value in the future biomarker, prognosis marker and therapeutics development of CRC.
Detection of water-molecular-motion configuration in patients with lupus nephritis: A primary study using diffusion-weighted imaging.
Authors: Wang Yanyan , Shi Huilan , Yan Tiekun , Jia Junya , Li Dong , Wei Li , Shang Wenya , zheng zhenfeng
Published: May 2020

Background: Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of most common types of secondary glomerulonephritis, which is characterized by longitudinal pathological changes. Microstructural lesions of LN will impact the motion of water molecules, which can be detected by diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). There are few reported measurements of water diffusion in patients with LN, and the nature of water diffusion across the entire depth of the renal parenchyma remains largely unknown.Methods: Twenty adult patients with LN and 11 healthy volunteers underwent DWI inspection. Renal biopsy samples were characterized based on the revised ISN/RPS 2003 classification. The apparent-diffusion coefficient (ADC) was calculated via fitting into a mono-exponential model. To compare the ADC level across the entire renal parenchyma between the two groups, repeated-measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) was performed. ADC data derived from DWI pictures were transformed into tridimensional maps by MATLAB software.Results: Compared with data from healthy volunteers, lower average ADC values with major undulatory magnitudes were found in patients with LN, especially in the cortical zone. Tridimensional maps of patients with LN displayed geographic terrain-like canyons and/or valleys that were different from the corresponding terrain-like flatlands and/or plateaus in healthy volunteers. A heterogeneity of ADC values was found in bilateral kidneys. Left kidneys predominated higher ADC values in patients with LN. The ADC values across the entire renal parenchyma exhibited statistically significant differences among the three identified pathological subclasses (P<0.001).Conclusions: Analysis of the motion of water molecules across the entire renal parenchyma may be helpful for better understanding the pathological conditions of LN, for which microstructural and functional heterogeneity may be detected and visualized via DWI.
Antiseptics as Adjuncts to Scaling and Root Planing in the Treatment of Periodontitis: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Ramanauskaite Egle , Machiulskiene Vita
Published: May 2020

Background : Periodontitis is microbially-associated, host-mediated inflammatory condition that results in loss of periodontal attachment. The goals of periodontal therapy include arresting the disease progression, establishing healthy, stable, maintainable periodontal conditions. A fundamental strategy of treating periodontitis is scaling and root planning (SRP), however its efficacy may be restricted in areas inaccessible for mechanical instrumentation. As periodontitis is infectious in nature, it might be helpful to use additional antimicrobial adjuncts, in order to eliminate or inactivate pathogenic microflora. The aim of this study is to evaluate the current evidence regarding the potential clinical benefits of using additional antiseptics for SRP in nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Methods: An electronic literature search was conducted in the MEDLINE (Ovid) and Cohrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases for articles published between January 1, 2000 and September 22, 2019. Randomized controlled clinical trials in English that compare the effectiveness of one or more antiseptic agents as adjuncts to SRP with a follow-up of ≥ 6 months were included. A meta-analysis using the random-effects model was performed on the selected qualifying articles. Results: The search resulted in 12 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Based on the vehicle employed to deliver the antiseptic agent, studies were divided into adjunctive sustained-release antiseptics (gels, chips and varnish) and adjunctive irrigation with antiseptics. The meta-analysis demonstrated significant improvements in probing depth (PD) reduction (p = 0.001), clinical attachment level (CAL) gain (p = 0.001), and bleeding on probing (BOP) values (p = 0.001) following the adjunctive subgingival application of sustained-release antiseptics. Additional subgingival irrigation with antiseptics failed to show significant improvements in PD (p = 0.321), CAL (p = 0.7568), or BOP values (p = 0.3549) over SRP alone. Conclusions: Adjunctive subgingivally delivered antiseptics with a sustained-release delivery have significant clinical benefits compared to SRP alone.
Aberrant Functional Connectivity in Resting State Networks of ADHD Patients Revealed by Independent Component Analysis
Authors: Zhang Huayu , Zhao Yue , Cao Weifang , Cui Dong , Jiao Qing , Lu Weizhao , Li Hongyu , Qiu Jianfeng
Published: May 2020

Background: ADHD is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. Altered functional connectivity has been associated with ADHD symptoms. This study aimed to investigate abnormal changes in the functional connectivity of resting-state brain networks (RSNs) among adolescent patients with different subtypes of ADHD. Methods: The data were obtained from the ADHD-200 Global Competition, including fMRI data from 88 ADHD patients (56 patients of ADHD-Combined, ADHD-C and 32 patients of ADHD-Inattentive, ADHD-I) and 67 typically developing controls (TD-C). Group ICA was utilized to research aberrant brain functional connectivity within the different subtypes of ADHD. Results: In comparison with the TD-C group, the ADHD-C group showed clusters of decreased functional connectivity in the left inferior occipital gyrus (p = 0.0041) and right superior occipital gyrus (p = 0.0011) of the dorsal attention network (DAN), supplementary motor area (p = 0.0036) of the executive control network (ECN), left supramarginal gyrus (p = 0.0081) of the salience network (SN), middle temporal gyrus (p = 0.0041), and superior medial frontal gyrus (p = 0.0055) of the default mode network (DMN), while the ADHD-I group showed decreased functional connectivity in the right superior parietal gyrus (p = 0.0017) of the DAN and left middle temporal gyrus (p = 0.0105) of the DMN. In comparison with the ADHD-I group, the ADHD-C group showed decreased functional connectivity in the superior temporal gyrus (p = 0.0062) of the AN, inferior temporal gyrus (p = 0.0016) of the DAN, and the dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus (p = 0.0082) of the DMN. All the clusters surviving at p < 0.05 (AlphaSim correction). Conclusion: The results suggested that decreased functional connectivity within the DMN and DAN was responsible, at least in part, for the symptom of inattention in ADHD-I patients. Similarly, we believed that the impaired functional connectivity within networks may contribute to the manifestations of ADHD-C patients, including inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and unconscious movements.
lncRNA_Mdeep: an alignment-free predictor for long non-coding RNAs identification by multimodal deep learning
Authors: Fan Xiao-Nan , Zhang Shao-Wu , Zhang Song-Yao , Ni Jin-Jie
Published: May 2020

Background: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in diverse biological processes and human complex diseases. Distinguishing lncRNAs from protein-coding transcripts is a fundamental step for analyzing lncRNA functional mechanism. However, the experimental identification of lncRNAs is expensive and time-consuming.Results: In this study, we present an alignment-free multimodal deep learning framework (namely lncRNA_Mdeep) to distinguish lncRNAs from protein-coding transcripts. LncRNA_Mdeep incorporates three different input modalities (i.e. OFH modality, k-mer modality, and sequence modality), then a multimodal deep learning framework is built for learning the high-level abstract representations and predicting the probability whether a transcript is lncRNA or not.Conclusions: LncRNA_Mdeep achieves 98.73% prediction accuracy in 10-fold cross-validation test on human. Compared with other eight state-of-the-art methods, lncRNA_Mdeep shows 93.12% prediction accuracy independent test on human, which is 0.94%~15.41% higher than that of other eight methods. In addition, the results on 11 cross-species datasets show that lncRNA_Mdeep is a powerful predictor for identifying lncRNAs. The source code can be downloaded from https://github.com/NWPU-903PR/lncRNA_Mdeep.
Factors influencing sedentary behaviours after stroke: findings from qualitative observations and interviews with stroke survivors and their caregivers
Authors: Hall Jennifer , Morton Sarah , Fitzsimons Claire F , Hall Jessica Faye , Corepal Rekesh , English Coralie , Forster Anne , Lawton Rebecca , Patel Anita , Mead Gillian , Clarke David J
Published: May 2020

Background: Stroke survivors are more sedentary than healthy, age-matched controls, independent of functional capacity. Interventions are needed to encourage a reduction in overall sedentary time, and regular breaks in prolonged periods of sedentary behaviour. This study captured the views and experiences of stroke survivors and their caregivers related to sedentary behaviour after stroke, to inform the development of an intervention to reduce sedentary behaviour.Methods: Mixed-methods qualitative study. Non-participant observations were completed in two stroke services, inclusive of inpatient and community settings in the United Kingdom. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with stroke survivors and their caregivers (if available) at six- or nine-months post-stroke. Underpinned by the capability, opportunity and motivation (COM-B) model of behaviour change, observational data (132 hours) were analysed thematically and interview data (n=31 stroke survivors, n=12 caregivers) were analysed using the Framework approach.Findings: Observation participants differed in functional ability whereas stroke survivor interviewees were all ambulant. Six themes related to sedentary behaviour after stroke were generated: (1) sedentary behaviour levels and patterns after stroke; (2) the physical and social environment in the stroke service and in the home; (3) standing and movement capability after stroke; (4) emotion and motivation after stroke; (5) caregivers’ influence on, and role in influencing stroke survivors’ sedentary behaviour; and (6) intervening to reduce sedentary behaviour after stroke. Capability, opportunity and motivation were influenced by the impact of the stroke and caregivers’ inclination to support sedentary behaviour reduction. Stroke survivors reported being more sedentary than they were pre-stroke due to impaired balance and co-ordination, increased fatigue, and reduced confidence in mobilising. Caregivers inclination to support stroke survivors to reduce sedentary behaviour depended on factors including their willingness to withdraw from the caregiver role, and their perception of whether the stroke survivor would act on their encouragement. Conclusions: Many stroke survivors indicate being open to reducing sedentary behaviour, with appropriate support from stroke service staff and caregivers. The findings from this study have contributed to an intervention development process using the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) approach to develop strategies to reduce sedentary behaviour after stroke.
Eimeria tenella Eimeria-specific protein that interacts with apical membrane antigen 1 (EtAMA1) is involved in host cell invasion
Authors: Li Cong , Zhao Qiping , Zhu Shunhai , Wang Qingjie , Wang Haixia , Yu Shuilan , Yu Yu , Liang Shashan , Zhao Huanzhi , Huang Bing , Dong Hui , Han Hongyu
Published: May 2020

Background: Avian coccidiosis is a widespread, economically significant disease of poultry, caused by several species of the protozoan parasite Eimeria. Among these species, E. tenella causes hemorrhagic pathologies and high mortality. These parasites have complex and diverse lifestyles that require the invasion of their host cells. This is mediated by various proteins secreted from apical secretory organelles. Apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1), which is released from micronemes and is conserved across all apicomplexans, plays a central role in the host cell invasion. In a previous study, some putative EtAMA1-interacting proteins of E. tenella were screened. In this study, we characterized one putative EtAMA1-interacting protein, E. tenella Eimeria -specific protein (EtEsp).Methods: Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein pull-down (GST pull-down) were used to confirm the interaction between EtAMA1 and EtEsp in vivo and in vitro. The expression of EtEsp was analyzed in different developmental stages of E. tenella with quantitative PCR and western blotting. The secretion of EtEsp protein was tested with staurosporine when sporozoites were incubated in complete medium at 41 °C.The localization of EtEsp was analyzed with an immunoﬂuorescence assay. An in vitro invasion inhibition assay was conducted to assess the ability of antibodies against EtEsp to inhibit cell invasion by E. tenella sporozoites.Results: The interaction between EtAMA1 and EtEsp was confirmed with BiFC in vivo and by GST pull-down in vitro. Our results show that EtEsp is differentially expressed during distinct phases of the parasite life cycle. An immunoﬂuorescence analysis showed that the EtEsp protein is mainly distributed on the parasite surface, and that the expression of this protein increases during the development of the parasite in the host cells. Using staurosporine, we showed that EtEsp is a secreted protein, but not from micronemes. In inhibition tests, a polyclonal anti-rEtEsp antibody attenuated the capacity of E. tenella to invade host cells in vitro. Conclusion: In this study, we show that EtEsp interacts with EtAMA1 and that the protein is secreted protein, but not from micronemes. The protein participates in the sporozoite invasion of host cells and maybe involved in the growth of the parasite in the host. These data have implications for the use of EtAMA1 or EtAMA1-interacting proteins as targets in intervention strategies against avian coccidiosis.
Are one-year changes in adherence to the 24-hour Movement Guidelines associated with depressive symptoms among youth?
Authors: Patte Karen A , Faulkner Guy , Qian Wei , Duncan Markus , Leatherdale Scott T.
Published: May 2020

Background: There remains a need for prospective research examining movement behaviours in the prevention and management of mental illness. This study examined whether changes in adherence to the 24-hour Movement Guidelines (moderate-to-vigorous physical activity [MVPA], sleep duration, screen time) were associated with depression symptoms among youth.Methods: Conditional change models were used to analyze two waves of longitudinal questionnaire data (2016/17, 2017/18) from students in grades 9-12 (N=2292) attending 12 schools in Ontario and British Columbia, Canada, as part of the COMPASS study. One-year change in adherence to the MVPA, screen time, and sleep duration guidelines were modeled as predictors of depressive symptoms, adjusting for covariates and prior year depressive symptoms. Models were stratified by sex.Results: Continued adherence to sleep guidelines and transitioning from inadequate to sufficient sleep were associated with lower depressive symptoms than continued nonadherence, and continued adherence was associated with lower depression than transitioning from sufficient to short sleep. For screen time, transitioning from exceeding guidelines to guideline adherence was associated with lower depressive symptoms than continued nonadherence. MVPA guideline adherence was not associated with depression scores, when controlling for sleep and screen time guideline adherence change and covariates. When combined, meeting additional guidelines than the year prior was associated with lower depressive symptoms among females only.Conclusions: Adherence to the sleep guidelines emerged as the most consistent predictor of depression symptoms. Promoting adherence to the Movement Guidelines, particularly sleep, should be considered priorities for youth mental health at a population level.
Effects of Bodybuilding Supplements on the Kidney: A Population-Based Incidence Study of Biopsy Pathology and Clinical Characteristics among Middle Eastern Men
Authors: Ali Alaa Abbas , Almukhtar Safaa E , Sharif Dana A , Saleem Zana Sidiq M , Muhealdeen Dana N , Hughson Michael D
Published: May 2020

Background: The incidence of kidney diseases among bodybuilders is unknown. Methods: Between January 2011 and December 2019, the Iraqi Kurdistan 15 to 39 year old male population averaged 1,100,000 with approximately 56,000 total participants and 25,000 regular participants (those training more than one year). Annual age specific incidence rates (ASIR) with (95% confidence intervals) per 100,000 bodybuilders were compared with the general age-matched male population. Results: Fifteen male participants had kidney biopsies. Among regular participants, diagnoses were: focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), 2; membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN), 2; post-infectious glomeruonephritis (PIGN), 1; tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN), 1; and nephrocalcinosis , 2. Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) was diagnosed in 5 regular participants and 2 participants training less than one year. Among regular participants, anabolic steroid use was self-reported in 26% and veterinary grade vitamin D injections in 2.6%. ASIR for FSGS, MGN, PIGN, and TIN among regular participants was not statistically different than the general population. ASIR of FSGS adjusted for anabolic steroid use was 3.4 (-1.3 to 8.1), a rate overlapping with FSGS in the general population at 2.0 (1.2 to 2.8). ATN presented as exertional muscle injury with myoglobinuria among new participants. Nevertheless, ASIR for ATN among total participants at 1.4 (0.4 to 2.4) was not significantly different than for the general population at 0.3 (0.1 to 0.5). Nephrocalcinosis was only diagnosed among bodybuilders at a 9-year cumulative rate of one per 314 vitamin D injectors. Conclusions: Kidney disease rates among bodybuilders were not significantly different than for the general population, except for nephrocalcinosis that was caused by injections of veterinary grade vitamin D compounds.
HLA-Mismatched GPBSCs infusion therapy in refractory Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: A observational study from a single center
Authors: Song Yue , Wang Jingshi , Wang Yini , Wang Zhao
Published: May 2020

Background: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a severe or even fatal inflammatory state. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection associated HLH (EBV-HLH) is one of the most common secondary HLH and suffers a very poor prognosis. Allo-HSCT is often required for refractory EBV-HLH, but some patients still cannot proceed to the next allo-HSCT due to various factors. This study aimed to observe the efficacy of HLA-mismatched granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) mobilized peripheral blood stem cells (GPBSCs) infusion for refractory EBV-HLH. Methods: A retrospective case-control study of refractory EBV-HLH patients with GPBSCs infusion from HLA-mismatched donors after chemotherapy (as GPBSCs group) and sole chemotherapy (as control group) was performed. Efficacy was evaluated 2 and 4 weeks and all patients were followed up until 1 March 2018. Results: There were 18 cases who accepted infusion between March 2016 and Sep 2017 and 19 were randomly selected from refractory EBV-HLH patients who underwent salvage therapy during the same period for the control group. In GPBSCs group, WBC (p=0.017), Fbg (p=0.040), ferritin (p=0.039) improved significantly after treatment. The overall response rate was 66.7% (CR 22.2%, PR 44.4%). However, there is no significant differences in changes of WBC, HGB, PLT, TG, Fbg, Ferritin, AST, ALT, T-bil between two groups. Only the Fbg level was recovered better in the GPBSCs infusion group (p=0.003). In the GPBSCs group, EBV-DNA decreased significantly after 2 weeks (p=0.001) and 4 weeks (p=0.012) after treatment, and the effect of the decrease was significantly better than that of the chemotherapy alone group in 2 weeks but not 4 weeks (p2w=0.011, p4w=0.145). The median survival time in the infusion group was 20.4 weeks [95%CI 10.9, 29.9], and the median survival time in the control group was 10.8 weeks [95%CI 0-24.34]. In the short-term, the infusion group’s survival rate was better (2-month 88.89% vs. 52.63%, p=0.008; 3-month 83.33% vs. 47.09%, p=0.012), but there was no difference in OS (p=0.287). Conclusions: Infusing GPBSCs combined with chemotherapy is effective, especially in decreasing EBV-DNA, performs better than chemotherapy alone, and improve short term survival rate. GPBSCs infusion is suggested as a bridging treatment method to allo-HSCT.
Association ofMUC1 5640G>A and PSCA 5057C>T polymorphisms with the Risk of Gastric Cancer in Northern Iran
Authors: Alikhani Reza , Taravati Ali , Hashemi-Soteh Mohammad Bagher
Published: May 2020

Background: Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have shown that genetic diversities MUC1(Mucin 1) and PSCA(Prostate Stem Cell Antigen) genes are involved in gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the association between rs4072037G>A polymorphism in MUC1 and rs2294008 C>T in PSCA gene with gastric cancer in northern Iran. Methods: DNA was extracted from 99 formalin fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples of gastric cancer and 96 blood samples from healthy individuals (sex matched) as controls. DNA was extracted followed by PCR using specific primers. Two desired polymorphisms, 5640G>A and 5057C>T for MUC1and PSCA genes were genotyped using PCR-RFLP method.Results: The G allele at rs4072037 of MUC1 gene was associated with a significant decreased gastric cancer risk(OR= 0.507, 95% CI: 0.322–0.799, p=0.003).A significant decreased risk of gastric cancer was observed in people with either AG vs AA,AG+AA vs GG and AA+GG vs AG genotypes of MUC1 polymorphism (OR= 4.296, 95%CI: 1.190–15.517, p=0.026), (OR= 3.726, 95% CI:2.033–6.830, p=0.0001) and (OR= 0.223, 95% CI: 0.120-0.413, p=0.0001) respectively. Overall, no significant association was observed between the PSCA 5057C>T polymorphism and risk of gastric cancer in all genetic models. Conclusion: Results indicated that the MUC1 5640G>A polymorphism may have protective effect for gastric cancer and could be considered a potential molecular marker in gastric cancer in the Northern Iran population.
Evaluation of injection-site-related adverse events with galcanezumab: a post hoc analysis of Phase 3 studies in participants with migraine
Authors: Stauffer Virginia L. , Wang Shufang , Bonner Jo , Kim ByungKun , Bhandari Rohit , Day Kathleen A. , Camporeale Angelo
Published: May 2020

Background: Injection-site reactions have been reported with biologicals. In this post hoc analysis of Phase 3 studies in participants with migraine, we provide a comprehensive overview and detailed summary of injection-site reaction with galcanezumab. Methods: Data were obtained from two randomised clinical studies in participants with episodic migraine (EVOLVE-1 and EVOLVE-2), one randomised study in participants with chronic migraine (REGAIN) and one open-label study (Study CGAJ) in participants with episodic or chronic migraine. The injection-site reactions were measured for two different cohorts: 1) six-month double-blind treatment phase in the EVOLVE-1 and EVOLVE-2 studies and three-month double-blind treatment phase in the REGAIN study, where participants received placebo and galcanezumab (placebo-controlled analysis set); 2) three month double-blind (Month 0 to Month 3; 1:1:placebo:galcanezumab) + nine months open-label extension phase (Month 3 to Month 12) of REGAIN and twelve month open-label phase of Study CGAJ, where participants received only galcanezumab (galcanezumab exposure analysis set).Results: A total of 477 participants in the placebo-controlled analysis set (galcanezumab 240 mg, 166/730 [22.7%]; galcanezumab 120 mg, 128/705 [18.2%]; placebo, 183/1451 [12.6%]) reported at least one injection-site reaction. Most of the injection-site reactions were reported as injection-site pain, unspecified injection-site reaction, injection-site erythema, and injection-site pruritus. The incidence of injection-site pain was highest among all reported Injection-site reactions and were reported with similar frequency by participants receiving galcanezumab (galcanezumab 120mg, 10.1%; galcanezumab 240 mg, 11.6%) and placebo (9.5%) and was the most common injection-site reaction reported within 60 minutes of injection (~86% of participants). The frequency of unspecified injection-site reaction, injection-site erythema and injection-site pruritus was significantly (P<0.001) higher in participant receiving galcanezumab versus placebo. In the galcanezumab exposure analysis set participants received up to 12 doses and the frequency of injection-site reactions reported for both doses combined was 21.8%. The reporting of injection-site reactions did not increase with the number of doses received. No ISR-related serious adverse events were reported in both the placebo-controlled and galcanezumab exposure analysis sets.Conclusions: The most common adverse event of galcanezumab is injection-site reactions. However, these events were generally mild-to-moderate in severity, non-serious, resolved spontaneously, and discontinuations due to injection-site reactions were low (1%).
Goals of Care or Goals of Life? A qualitative study of clinicians’ and patients’ experiences of hospital discharge using Patient-Oriented Discharge Summaries (PODS)
Authors: Hattangadi Nayantara , Kurdyak Paul , Solomon Rachel , Soklaridis Sophie
Published: May 2020

Background: Recognizing the need for improved communication with patients at the point of hospital discharge, a group of clinicians, patients, and designers in Toronto, Canada collaborated to develop a standardized tool known as the Patient-Oriented Discharge Summary (PODS). Although quantitative results suggest PODS helps mitigate gaps in knowledge, a qualitative inquiry from the clinician and patient perspective of psychiatric hospital discharge using PODS has not been widely explored. Our aim was to explore clinicians’ and patients’ experiences with PODS.Methods: We used a qualitative thematic analysis to explore clinicians’ (n=10) and patients’ (n=6) experiences with PODS. We used convenience sampling to identify and invite potential participants at the Center for Addiction and Mental Health in Toronto, Canada to participate in semi-structured interviews between February 2019 and September 2019. Data was analyzed using a thematic analysis approach to develop descriptive themes. Results: Emerging themes from the data between clinicians and patients were both different and complementary. Clinicians described PODS using the concept of “goals of care.” They relayed their experiences with PODS as a discrete event and emphasized its role in meeting their “goals of care” for discharge planning. Patients provided more of a “goals of life” perspective on recovery. They characterized PODS as only one facet of their recovery journey and not necessarily as a discrete or memorable event. Patients focused on their outcomes post-discharge and situated their experiences with PODS through its relation to their overall recovery.Conclusions: PODS was experienced differently by clinicians and patients. Clinicians experienced PODS as helpful in orienting them to the fulfillment of goals of care. Patients did not experience PODS as a particularly memorable intervention. Due to the information advantage that clinicians have about PODS, it is not surprising that clinicians and patients experienced the PODS differently. This study expanded our understanding of hospital discharge from clinicians and patients perspectives, and suggests that there are additional areas that need improvement.
Is oral lichen planus a risk factor for peri-implant diseases? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xiong Xiaoqin , Xu Tiantian , Wang Xinhong , Qin Wenguang , Yu Ting , Luo Gang
Published: May 2020

Background : To evaluate whether oral lichen planus (OLP) is a risk factor for peri-implant diseases (PIDs) with a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods : Five electronic databases including Medline, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and Scopus were searched. The included studies are observational human studies written in English. The population of interest included those with/without OLP who received dental implant treatment. The follow-up time after implantation was from one month to 20 years. The quality of the included articles regarding risk of bias and methodology were assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale or the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. The data involving exposure (OLP), primary outcomes (implants having PIDs) and secondary outcomes (probing depth/PD, bleeding on probing/BOP and bone loss/BL) and potential confounders were extracted. Heterogeneity was assessed by I² test. Dichotomous data are expressed as the risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) which were calculated with a fixed effect model. Results : Of the 66 articles, two studies were enrolled and evaluated as high quality, which totally contained 68 participants receiving 222 (OLP vs. non-OLP, 112 vs. 110) implants with 12 to 120-month follow-up time. Proportions of implants with PIDs between OLP and non-OLP groups were as follows: 19.6% (22/112) vs. 22.7% (25/110) for PIM and 17.0% (19/112) vs. 10.9% (12/110) for PI. The meta-analysis revealed no recognizable difference in number of implants with PIDs (PI: RR = 1.49, 95% CI 0.77-2.90, P = 0.24; PIM:RR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.53 -1.46, P = 0.61; PIDs: RR = 1.08, 95% CI 0.75 -1.55, P = 0.68) or BOP (RR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.70-1.15, P = 0.40) between OLP and non-OLP groups. Conclusions : Available articles regarding the effects of OLP on PIDs remains very limited. Existing evidence does not support OLP as a suspected risk factor for PIDs. Large-scale prospective trials are required to validate the findings.
Hop tests and psychological PROs provide a demanding and clinician-friendly RTS assessment of patients after ACL reconstruction, a registry study
Authors: Piussi Ramana , Beischer Susanne , Thomeé Roland , Senorski Eric Hamrin
Published: May 2020

Background There is growing interest in assessing psychological well-being in patients after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. It is unknown whether an assessment of psychological outcome in addition to tests of muscle function can facilitate decisions on return to sport (RTS). Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate passing rates in different physical RTS test batteries, with and without the inclusion of psychological outcome measures 1 year after ACL reconstruction. Method In this cross-sectional cohort study a total of 320 patients (51% men) aged 18-65 years were included 1 year after ACL reconstruction. Passing rates on different muscle function (MF) test batteries (with results presented as Limb Symmetry Index (LSI)), consisting of knee extension and flexion strength tests, 3 hop tests, and 2 psychological patient-reported outcomes (PROs); Quality of Life subscale from the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS-QoL) and ACL Return to Sport after Injury (ACL-RSI), were evaluated 1 year after ACL reconstruction. Muscle function test batteries comprised: 2 MF tests (vertical hop and hop for distance; pass=90% LSI); 2 MF tests and 2 PRO (pass=90% LSI, 62.5 on KOOS-QoL and 76.6 on ACL-RSI), 5 MF tests (2 strength and 3 hop tests, pass=90% LSI), and 5 MF tests and 2 PRO (pass=90% LSI, 62.5 on KOOS-QoL and 76.6 on ACL-RSI). Results Passing rates in the different test batteries were 47% for 2 MF tests, 19% for 2 MF tests and 2 PROs, 29% for 5 MF tests and 13% for 5 MF tests and 2 PROs. The use of psychological PROs together with tests of muscle function gave the lowest passing rates (13%). There was a very strong correlation between passing 2 hop tests and 2 PROs and passing 5 MF tests (rφ=0.41) as well as passing 5 MF tests and 2 PROs (rφ=0.79). Conclusion The use of hop tests together with psychological PROs provides a clinician-friendly RTS test battery for assessment 1 year after ACL reconstruction as the passing rate was 19% when using 2 hop-tests combined with 2 PROs, compared with 29% when using 5 tests of MF requiring advanced testing equipment.
Insights into the phylogenetic relationship and drug targets of Babesia infective to small ruminants from its mitochondrial genomes
Authors: Wang Xiaoxing , Wang Jinming , Liu Junlong , Liu Aihong , He Xin , Xiang Quanjia , Li Youquan , Yin Hong , Luo Jianxun , Guan Guiquan
Published: May 2020

Background: Babesiosis, a tick-borne disease caused by protozoa of the genus Babesia, is widespread in subtropical and tropical countries. Mitochondrion is an essential organelle that is responsible for energy transduction and metabolism, calcium homeostasis and cell signaling. Mitochondrial genomes could provide a new insight to comprehend and investigate the biological features, genetic evolution and classification of the causative agent. Nevertheless, there are limited data on the mitochondrial genomes of ovine Babesia spp. in China.Methods: Herein, we sequenced, assembled and annotated the mitochondrial genomes of six ovine Babesia isolates, and analyzed genome size, gene content, genome structure and cytochrome b (cob) amino acid sequences, and performed comparative mitochondrial genomics and phylogenomic analyses among apicomplexan parasites.Results: The mitochondrial genomes range from 5767 to 5946 bp in length with a linear form and contain three protein-encoding genes, cytochrome c oxidase I (cox1), cytochrome c oxidase III (cox3) and cob, six large subunit rRNA gene (LSU), and two terminal inverted repeats (TIR) on both ends. The cob gene sequence analysis indicated that the binding site of anti-Babesia drugs targeted on the cytochrome bc1 complex. Babesia microti and Babesia rodhaini have a dual flip-flop inversion of 184-1082 bp, whereas other Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. have one pair of TIR, 25-1563 bp. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that six ovine Babesia isolates were divided into two clades, Babesia sp. and Babesia motasi. B. motasi isolates were further separated into two small clades (B. motasi Hebei/Ningxian and B. motasi Tianzhu/Lintan). Conclusions: The data provided new insights into the taxonomic relationships and drug targets of apicomplexan parasites.
A heuristic model for collaborative practice – Part 1: A meta-synthesis of empirical findings on collaborative strategies in community mental health and substance abuse practice
Authors: Sundet Rolf , Kim Hesook Suzie , Karlsson Bengt , Borg Marit , Sælør Knut Tore , Ness Ottar
Published: May 2020

Background Collaboration has become a cornerstone for healthcare practice in recent decades resulting in the efforts at international and national levels to integrate the concept into healthcare practice and services. However, there is a paucity of research delineating strategies for professionals to apply in collaborative practice with clients in general as well as in mental health and substance abuse (MHSA) care.Methods The method applied in this paper is a form of qualitative meta-synthesis referring to the integration of findings from multiple qualitative studies within a program of research by the same investigators. Eighteen empirical papers with the focus on community MHSA practice and recovery-orientation with relevance to the service user-professional relationship in MHSA practice were included in this meta-synthesis.Results Three types of processes of collaboration specified by meta-themes were identified. The meta-themes of the interactive-dialogical process type include (a) maintaining human relationship, (b) walking alongside, (c) information sharing, (d) seizing the present moment, (e) taking the perspective of the other, and (f) aligning/scaffolding. The meta-themes of the negotiated-participatory engagement type include (a) feedback-informing process, (b) putting differences to work, (c) negotiated partnering, (d) accommodating user participation, and (e) addressing the tension between help and control. The meta-themes of the negotiated supportive process type are (a) helping in context, (b) coordinating, (c) pulling together, (d) advocating, and (e) availing. These meta-themes are strategies for collaboration applicable in MHSA practice. Conclusions This meta-synthesis of collaborative processes found in community mental health practice points to the possibility of developing a set of repertoires of practice for service user/professional collaboration, especially in community MHSA practice.
Clinical Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Haikou: a study of a family cluster
Authors: Chen Hui Juan , Qiu Jie , Wu Biao , Wang Zhen Ping , Chen Yang , Chen Feng
Published: May 2020

Background

The outbreak of sever acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) has become a great threat to the world. No study has been done on the mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 in a family cluster.
Methods

We report the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, radiological, and clinical outcomes of five patients in a family cluster.
Results

We enrolled a family of five patients who was confirmed with SARS-CoV-2 infection. One of them worked in Wuhan and returned to Danzhou, Hainan on January 22,2020. The other four family members, who did not travel to Wuhan, became infected with the virus after several days of contact with the family member. Five family members (aged 33–57 years) presented with fever, cough or no symptom onset. Three of them had negative nucleic test on first swab sampling. One of them was not confirmed until the third nucleic acid test. Two of them had radiological ground-glass lung opacities. Two patients presenting with fever had lymphopenia or decreased white blood cells. No one had increased C-reactive protein or lactate dehydrogenase levels. After treatment, they were discharged.
Conclusions

Person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was confirmed in family setting. Concerns should be raised for the asymptomatic persons in a family cluster.
Can HbA1c predict quality of life in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus?
Authors: Schiller Katharina , Kofler Markus , Frühwirth Martin , Fantur Michaela , Rauchenzauner Markus
Published: May 2020

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to examine a possible association of HbA1c, quality of life (QoL), fitness, and electrophysiological parameters in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).MethodsThe study population (n = 34) consisted of patients with T1DM (n = 17) and an age- and BMI-matched healthy control group (n = 17). HbA1c was obtained from patients with T1DM at time of diagnosis (T0), at 6 months (T6), at 12 months (T12), and at time of study inclusion (Tstudy). QoL was determined with a standardized questionnaire (KINDL-R). All children completed a 6-minute walk test (6MWT) to evaluate their fitness level. Electrodiagnostic studies established upper and lower limb motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities (NCV).ResultsHigher HbA1c (Tstudy) was associated with lower QoL showing in the subscales self-esteem, friends and school. Higher HbA1c (T6) and (T12) was associated with lower QoL in the subscale self-esteem. Based on various subscales, perceived problem areas differed significantly between children and their parents. No differences in fitness level and NCV were found between patients and controls except for a significantly slower median motor NCV in patients. HbA1c was not associated with NCVs at this early stage of disease.ConclusionsGood metabolic control reflected by adequate HbA1c values seems to be important for a good QoL in children with T1DM. Early HbA1c analysis serves as predictor for QoL during follow-up.Trial registration: Retrospectively registered
Improving physical activity in ‘Health Volunteers’: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jafarpour Khadijeh , Arastoo Ali Asghar , Gholammnia-Shirvani Zeinab , Montazeri Ali , Haeri-Mehrizi Ali Asghar , Araban Marzieh
Published: May 2020

Background

Health volunteers are women who have humanistic cooperation with healthcare centers to prevent diseases. Health volunteers play an important role in the community. Thus if educated, they could be of great help to health care systems. Since physical inactivity and sedentary lifestyles increase the risk of all cause mortality, the aim of this study was to educate health volunteers on physical activity (PA) applying the theory of planned behavior (TPB).
Methods

This was a randomized controlled trial of an educational intervention to improve physical activity among health volunteers in Shushtar (a southern city), Iran in 2016. A sample of female health volunteers was entered into the study and randomly was assigned to the intervention and the control groups. The intervention included three educational sessions and a walking program. A questionnaire containing items on TPB constructs including: attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, intention and behavior constructs, the international physical activity questionnaire, and the physiological cost index (PCI- an objective measure of PA) were used to collect data at baseline and 6 months follow-up assessments. Then the data were compared within and between groups using t-test and paried test.
Results

In all 110 ‘Health Volunteers’ (55 per each group) were entered into the study. The mean age of participants was 35.65 ± 10.25 years. The results obtained from analysis showed that educational program improved attitude towards PA, perceived behavioral control, intention, behavior and PCI among the intervention group (P < 0.001). However, no significant changes occurred in the control group in terms of the study variables (P > 0.05). Additionally, comparison of score changes between two groups showed significant differences for all variables except for subjective norms and physical activity behavior (minute per day) group (P > 0.05).
Conclusion

The TPB-directed educational program improved physical activity and physiological cost index. The study framework might be used as a practical template for interventions aimed at improving physical activity among women.
Pathogenic Variants in BRIP1, RAD51C, and RAD51D Identified with Multi-Gene Panel Testing for Hereditary Cancers
Authors: Cummings Shelly , Roman Susana San , Saam Jennifer , Bernhisel Ryan , Brown Krystal , Lancaster Johnathan M. , Usha Lydia
Published: May 2020

Background: Professional society guidelines recommend risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) for women with pathogenic variants (PVs) in ovarian cancer-risk genes. Personalization of that intervention is based on gene-specific phenotypes; however, the age of ovarian cancer diagnosis in women with PVs in moderate penetrance ovarian cancer-risk genes is not well characterized. Women who had hereditary cancer panel testing from September 2013-May 2019 were included (N=631,950). Clinical/demographic information was compared for women with a PV in BRIP1, RAD51C, or RAD51D versus in BRCA1 or BRCA2. Results: PVs in BRIP1, RAD51C, or RAD51D were identified in 0.5% of all tested women but in 1.6% of women with a history of ovarian cancer (~3-fold increase). PVs in BRCA1 or BRCA2 were identified in 2.4% of all tested women but in 6.1% of women with a history of ovarian cancer (~2.5-fold increase). The proportion of women with a personal or family history of ovarian cancer was similar among women with a PV in BRIP1, RAD51C, RAD51D, BRCA1, or BRCA2. The median age at ovarian cancer diagnosis was 53 years in BRCA1, 59 years for BRCA2, 65 years for BRIP1, 62 years for RAD51C, and 57 years for RAD51D.Conclusions: These data reinforce the importance of identifying PVs in moderate penetrance ovarian cancer-risk genes. The age at ovarian cancer diagnosis was older for women with PVs in BRIP1, RAD51C, or RAD51D, suggesting that it is safe to delay RRSO until age 45-50 in RAD51D PV carriers and possibly, until age 50-55 in BRIP and RAD51C PV carriers.