bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transitional Care Interventions From Hospital to Community to Reduce Health Care Use and Improve Patient Outcomes
Authors: Tyler Natasha , Hodkinson Alexander , Planner Claire , Angelakis Ioannis , Keyworth Christopher , Hall Alex , Jones Paul Pascall , Wright Oliver George , Keers Richard , Blakeman Tom , Panagioti Maria
Published: November 2023

Importance

Discharge from the hospital to the community has been associated with serious patient risks and excess service costs.

Objective

To evaluate the comparative effectiveness associated with transitional care interventions with different complexity levels at improving health care utilization and patient outcomes in the transition from the hospital to the community.

Data Sources

CENTRAL, Embase, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO were searched from inception until August 2022.

Study Selection

Randomized clinical trials evaluating transitional care interventions from hospitals to the community were identified.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

At least 2 reviewers were involved in all data screening and extraction. Random-effects network meta-analyses and meta-regressions were applied. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcomes were readmission at 30, 90, and 180 days after discharge. Secondary outcomes included emergency department visits, mortality, quality of life, patient satisfaction, medication adherence, length of stay, primary care and outpatient visits, and intervention uptake.

Results

Overall, 126 trials with 97 408 participants were included, 86 (68%) of which were of low risk of bias. Low-complexity interventions were associated with the most efficacy for reducing hospital readmissions at 30 days (odds ratio [OR], 0.78; 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.92) and 180 days (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.30 to 0.66) and emergency department visits (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.96). Medium-complexity interventions were associated with the most efficacy at reducing hospital readmissions at 90 days (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.92), reducing adverse events (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.75), and improving medication adherence (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.49; 95% CI, 0.30 to 0.67) but were associated with less efficacy than low-complexity interventions for reducing readmissions at 30 and 180 days. High-complexity interventions were most effective for reducing length of hospital stay (SMD, −0.20; 95% CI, −0.38 to −0.03) and increasing patient satisfaction (SMD, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.22 to 0.82) but were least effective for reducing readmissions at all time periods. None of the interventions were associated with improved uptake, quality of life (general, mental, or physical), or primary care and outpatient visits.

Conclusions and Relevance

These findings suggest that low- and medium-complexity transitional care interventions were associated with reducing health care utilization for patients transitioning from hospitals to the community. Comprehensive and consistent outcome measures are needed to capture the patient benefits of transitional care interventions.
Age Disparities in Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression Among US Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Collier Villaume Sarah , Chen Shanting , Adam Emma K.
Published: November 2023

Importance

High levels of anxiety and depression were documented shortly after the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic and were more prevalent in younger adults than in older adults. Knowing whether these age disparities persisted throughout multiple years of the COVID-19 pandemic and identifying associated factors will help guide health policy.

Objective

To investigate age disparities in anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study consisted of a nationally representative online survey administered between April 2020 and August 2022 and included US adults who were not incarcerated. Data were analyzed between March and September 2022.

Exposures

The first 27 months of the COVID-19 pandemic included wide variation in infection rates, turbulence in US political and social life, and geopolitical instability. Primary exposures include individuals’ age and economic precarity and pandemic-related events (eg, weekly state-level case counts and individual vaccination status).

Main outcomes and measures

Symptoms of anxiety and depression were assessed via responses to 2-item screeners (Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item for anxiety and Patient Health Questionnaire-2 for depression). An individual’s symptoms were identified as clinically elevated if scores exceeded validated thresholds.

Results

This study included 3 028 923 respondents (mean [SD] age, 48.9 [17.0] years; 1 567 603 [51.8%] female). In multiple regression analyses that include state fixed effects and survey-week fixed effects, likely anxiety and depressive disorders among 291 382 (40%) and 238 505 (33%) of adults aged 18 to 39 years, respectively, compared with 357 820 (31%) and 274 534 (24%) of adults aged 40 to 59 years and 225 295 (20%) and 183 695 (16%) adults aged 60 years and older. Levels declined throughout the pandemic period for those aged 40 years and older but remained elevated for younger adults. Analyses identified several associated factors of these age disparities. Younger adults’ anxiety and depression increased more than older adults’ after surges in COVID-19 case counts but decreased less following vaccination against the virus. Additionally, approximately one third of the age gap among individuals with depression and anxiety was attributed to economic precarity, to which younger adults are disproportionately exposed.

Conclusions and relevance

In this cross-sectional study of anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic, economic precarity was associated with high anxiety and depression among younger adults in the US compared with older adults in the US. These findings suggest a need for greater mental health care and economic policies targeted toward younger adults.
Structural Racism and Lung Cancer Risk
Authors: Bonner Sidra N. , Curley Richard , Love Kyra , Akande Tola , Akhtar Aamna , Erhunmwunsee Loretta
Published: November 2023

Importance

Structural racism is associated with persistent inequities in health and health outcomes in the US for racial and ethnic minority groups. This review summarizes how structural racism contributes to differential population-level exposure to lung cancer risk factors and thus disparate lung cancer risk across different racial and ethnic groups.

Observations

A scoping review was conducted focusing on structural racism and lung cancer risk for racial and ethnic minority groups. The domains of structural racism evaluated included housing and built environment, occupation and employment, health care, economic and educational opportunity, private industry, perceived stress and discrimination, and criminal justice involvement. The PubMed, Embase, and MedNar databases were searched for English-language studies in the US from January 1, 2010, through June 30, 2022. The review demonstrated that racial and ethnic minority groups are more likely to have environmental exposures to air pollution and known carcinogens due to segregation of neighborhoods and poor housing quality. In addition, racial and ethnic minority groups were more likely to have exposures to pesticides, silica, and asbestos secondary to higher employment in manual labor occupations. Furthermore, targeted marketing and advertisement of tobacco products by private industry were more likely to occur in neighborhoods with more racial and ethnic minority groups. In addition, poor access to primary care services and inequities in insurance status were associated with elevated lung cancer risk among racial and ethnic minority groups. Lastly, inequities in tobacco use and cessation services among individuals with criminal justice involvement had important implications for tobacco use among Black and Hispanic populations.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings suggest that structural racism must be considered as a fundamental contributor to the unequal distribution of lung cancer risk factors and thus disparate lung cancer risk across different racial and ethnic groups. Additional research is needed to better identify mechanisms contributing to inequitable lung cancer risk and tailor preventive interventions.
Design, Fabrication, and Screening of Environmental‐Thermal Barrier Coatings Prepared by Ultrafast High‐Temperature Sintering
Authors: Xie Hua , Champagne Victor K. , Zhong Wei , Clifford Bryson , Liu Shufeng , Hu Liangbing , Zhao Ji‐Cheng , Clarke David R.
Published: November 2023

The demand for more efficient gas turbines relies heavily on the development of new environmental‐thermal barrier coatings (ETBCs). However, there is still uncertainty about which alloys and composites will be used for the next generation of turbine blades, as well as the most promising coating materials. Herein, an ETBCs development strategy is presented by integrating the coating design, synthesis, and screening using an ultrafast high temperature sintering (UHS) technique to accelerate coating improvements. The initial basis for composition selection is their thermal expansion mismatch with the substrate alloys; for which a temperature‐dependent coefficient of thermal expansion database is created. By combining tape casting method with the UHS technique a high‐throughput synthesis of single and multi‐layer coatings are realized with different compositions, layer stacking sequences, and layer thicknesses. To evaluate the coatings, thermal cycling tests from room temperature to 1300 °C are conducted. The approach enabled coatings on objects with complex geometries, multi‐layer ETBCs, and porosity tailoring by using staged UHS that runs with different temperatures and durations. The fast iteration strategy is more cost‐effective for the screening of ETBCs compared to conventional methods and greater throughput which can be further extended for rapid optimization of other materials systems.
Metasurface‐Based Optical Logic Operators Driven by Diffractive Neural Networks
Authors: Ding Xumin , Zhao Zihan , Xie Peng , Cai Dayu , Meng Fanyi , Wang Cong , Wu Qun , Liu Jian , Burokur Shah Nawaz , Hu Guangwei
Published: November 2023

In this paper, a novel optical logic operator based on the multifunctional metasurface driven by all‐optical diffractive neural network is reported, which can perform four principal quantum logic operations (Pauli‐X, Pauli‐Y, Pauli‐Z, and Hadamard gates). The two ground states and  are characterized by two orthogonal linear polarization states. The proposed spatial‐ and polarization‐multiplexed all‐optical diffractive neural network only contains a hidden layer physically mapped as a metasurface with simple and compact unit cells, which dramatically reduces the volume and computing resources required for the system. The designed optical quantum operator is proven to achieve high fidelities for all four quantum logical gates, up to 99.96% numerically and 99.88% experimentally. The solution will facilitate the construction of large‐scale optical quantum computing systems and scalable optical quantum devices.
A Single Microtip Shape Memory Polymer Surface with Reversible Dry Adhesion for Transfer Printing
Authors: Kim Junhyung , Son ChangHee , Lee Sangyeop , Kim Seok
Published: November 2023

Microfabrication technology is further being advanced with the assistance of the deterministic assembly of small‐scale materials or microobjects through transfer printing which utilizes a stamp to transfer microobjects. However, the growing trend of miniaturization in microfabrication technologies poses challenges in achieving precise and high‐yield transfer of microobjects with diverse compositions, sizes, and shapes. This work describes the study of a novel approach utilizing a geometrically simple single microtip shape memory polymer surface, as a facile stamp to transfer microobjects with almost any shape (down to tens of micrometer size). To showcase the unique features of this approach, the adhesive characteristics of the single microtip shape memory polymer surface are systemically tested in a variety of thermomechanical loading conditions and its exceptional adhesion strength (≈2 MPa) and reversibility (>1000:1) are found. Over these results, its functionality to manipulate diverse microobjects with planar and non‐planar geometries as well as with flat and rough surface profiles is highlighted, accordingly. Finally, its ability to correct transfer printing errors due to its strong adhesive capability is demonstrated. This work represents a promising avenue to advance transfer printing techniques for microfabrication technologies, particularly regarding achieving high precision and yield in the integration of heterogeneous materials.
Coupling Single Domain Antibodies to Catalytic Hairpin Assemblies for Homogeneous Assays
Authors: Liu Jinny L. , Zabetakis Dan , Shriver‐Lake Lisa C. , Anderson George P. , Goldman Ellen R. , Bui Hieu
Published: November 2023

Immunoassays are widely used in various fields, including biomedical research, clinical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring. Single domain antibodies (sdAbs) provide small, tailorable, recognition elements that have been integrated into immunoassays for detecting a myriad of targets. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) circuits are synthetic molecular devices composed of DNA strands that can perform logical or computational operations. They have a range of applications, including biosensing, diagnostics, and drug delivery. Recently, an immunoassay method was reported that used catalytic hairpin assemblies (CHA) with antibodies for homogeneous protein detection. The CHA process uses DNA hairpins that interact in the presence of a catalytic DNA sequence. This paper presents a new strategy to couple the recognition of sdAbs with CHA circuits using genetic fusions of sdAbs with rhizavidin (rz), a dimeric biotin binding protein. A pair of sdAb‐rz constructs is each functionalized with a biotinylated DNA sequence that represents half of the catalyst. When both sdAbs bind to the target protein, a signal is generated through the CHA circuit. The split catalyst approach amplifies signals through a DNA circuit without washing steps. Furthermore, this method distinctively utilizes programmable DNA circuits, which are highly modular and can accommodate new targets without disrupting the assay.
Conjugated Polymer Composite Nanoparticles Augmenting Photosynthesis‐Based Light‐Triggered Hydrogel Promotes Chronic Wound Healing
Authors: Yuan Qiong , Yin Jia , Li Ling , Bao Benkai , Zhang Xinyi , Li Meiqi , Tang Yanli
Published: November 2023

Diabetic chronic wounds are characterized by local hypoxia, impaired angiogenesis, and bacterial infection. In situ, self‐supply of dissolved oxygen combined with the elimination of bacteria is urgent and challenging for chronic nonhealing wound treatment. Herein, an oxygen‐generating system named HA‐L‐NB/PFE@cp involving biological photosynthetic chloroplasts (cp)/conjugated polymer composite nanoparticles (PFE‐1‐NPs@cp) and light‐triggered hyaluronic acid‐based (HA‐L‐NB) hydrogel for promoting diabetic wound healing is introduced. Briefly, conjugated polymer nanoparticles (PFE‐1‐NPs) possess unique light harvesting ability, which accelerates the electron transport rates in photosystem II (PS II) by energy transfer, elevating photosynthesis beyond natural chloroplasts. The enhanced release of oxygen can greatly relieve hypoxia, promote cell migration, and favor antibacterial photodynamic therapy. Additionally, the injectable hydrogel precursors are employed as a carrier to deliver PFE‐1‐NPs@cp into the wound. Under light irradiation, they quickly form a gel by S‐nitrosylation coupling reaction and in situ anchor on tissues through amine‐aldehyde condensation. Both in vitro and in vivo assays demonstrate that the oxygen‐generating system can simultaneously relieve wound hypoxia, eliminate bacteria, and promote cell migration, leading to the acceleration of wound healing. This study provides a facile approach to develop an enhanced oxygen self‐sufficient system for promoting hypoxic tissue, especially diabetic wound healing.
Electron‐Sponge Nature of Polyoxometalates for Next‐Generation Electrocatalytic Water Splitting and Nonvolatile Neuromorphic Devices
Authors: Ahmad Waqar , Ahmad Nisar , Wang Kun , Aftab Sumaira , Hou Yunpeng , Wan Zhengwei , Yan Bei‐Bei , Pan Zhao , Gao Huai‐Ling , Peung Chen , Junke Yang , Liang Chengdu , Lu Zhihui , Yan Wenjun , Ling Min
Published: November 2023

Designing next‐generation molecular devices typically necessitates plentiful oxygen‐bearing sites to facilitate multiple‐electron transfers. However, the theoretical limits of existing materials for energy conversion and information storage devices make it inevitable to hunt for new competitors. Polyoxometalates (POMs), a unique class of metal‐oxide clusters, have been investigated exponentially due to their structural diversity and tunable redox properties. POMs behave as electron‐sponges owing to their intrinsic ability of reversible uptake‐release of multiple electrons. In this review, numerous POM‐frameworks together with desired features of a contender material and inherited properties of POMs are systematically discussed to demonstrate how and why the electron‐sponge‐like nature of POMs is beneficial to design next‐generation water oxidation/reduction electrocatalysts, and neuromorphic nonvolatile resistance‐switching random‐access memory devices. The aim is to converge the attention of scientists who are working separately on electrocatalysts and memory devices, on a point that, although the application types are different, they all hunt for a material that could exhibit electron‐sponge‐like feature to realize boosted performances and thus, encouraging the scientists of two completely different fields to explore POMs as imperious contenders to design next‐generation nanodevices. Finally, challenges and promising prospects in this research field are also highlighted.
Fruit and seed structure in the ANA‐grade angiosperms: Ancestral traits and specializations
Authors: Romanov Mikhail S. , Bobrov Alexey V. F. Ch. , Iovlev Peter S. , Roslov Maxim S. , Zdravchev Nikita S. , Sorokin Alexey N. , Romanova Ekaterina S. , Kandidov Maxim V.
Published: November 2023

Premise

The representatives of the ANA‐grade angiosperms demonstrate a diverse pattern of morphological characters, but their apocarpous gynoecium (except in Nymphaeaceae), composed of at least partly ascidiate carpels, the four‐nucleate and four‐celled female gametophyte, and the diploid endosperm (except in Amborella) are inferred to be plesiomorphies. Since the structure of fruits in Austrobaileyales is under‐investigated, this research aims to fill this gap in these data, describing the carpological characters of ANA‐grade taxa, and potentially illuminating the ancestral fruit and seed types of angiosperms.

Methods

The pericarp and seed coat anatomy was studied with light microscopy. The character optimization was carried out using WinClada software.

Results

The fruits of Austrobaileya, Trimenia, Kadsura, and Schisandra are determined to be apocarpous berries of the Schisandra type, with a parenchymatous pericarp and mesotestal (Austrobaileya) or exomesotestal seeds (other genera). Most inferred scenarios of fruit evolution indicate that the apocarpous berry is either the most probable plesiomorphic fruit type of all angiosperms, or that of all angiosperms except Amborellaceae. This inference suggests the early origin of the berry in fruit evolution. The plesiomorphic seed type of angiosperms according to reconstructed scenarios of seed type evolution was either a seed lacking a sclerenchymatous layer or an exotestal seed.

Conclusions

The current research indicates that an apocarpous berry, and not a follicle, is a probable plesiomorphic character of the ANA‐grade taxa and of angiosperms as a whole.
Determinants and reference values for blood volume and total hemoglobin mass in women and men
Authors: Oberholzer Laura , Montero David , Robach Paul , Siebenmann Christoph , Ryrsøe Camilla Koch , Bonne Thomas C. , Breenfeldt Andersen Andreas , Bejder Jacob , Karlsen Trine , Edvardsen Elisabeth , Rønnestad Bent R. , Hamarsland Håvard , Cepeda‐Lopez Ana C. , Rittweger Jörn , Treff Gunnar , Ahlgrim Christoph , Almquist Nicki Winfield , Hallén Jostein , Lundby Carsten
Published: November 2023

Blood volume (BV) is an important clinical parameter and is usually reported per kg of body mass (BM). When fat mass is elevated, this underestimates BV/BM. One aim was to study if differences in BV/BM related to sex, age, and fitness would decrease if normalized to lean body mass (LBM). The analysis included 263 women and 319 men (age: 10–93 years, body mass index: 14–41 kg/m2) and 107 athletes who underwent assessment of BV and hemoglobin mass (Hbmass), body composition, and cardiorespiratory fitness. BV/BM was 25% lower (70.3 ± 11.3 and 80.3 ± 10.8 mL/kgBM) in women than men, respectively, whereas BV/LBM was 6% higher in women (110.9 ± 12.5 and 105.3 ± 11.2 mL/kgLBM). Hbmass/BM was 34% lower (8.9 ± 1.4 and 11.5 ± 11.2 g/kgBM) in women than in men, respectively, but only 6% lower (14.0 ± 1.5 and 14.9 ± 1.5 g/kgLBM)/LBM. Age did not affect BV. Athlete's BV/BM was 17.2% higher than non‐athletes, but decreased to only 2.5% when normalized to LBM. Of the variables analyzed, LBM was the strongest predictor for BV (R2 = .72, p < .001) and Hbmass (R2 = .81, p < .001). These data may only be valid for BV/Hbmass when assessed by CO re‐breathing. Hbmass/LBM could be considered a valuable clinical matrix in medical care aiming to normalize blood homeostasis.
Recognizing the pleura in asbestos‐related pleuropulmonary disease: Known and new manifestations of pleural fibrosis
Authors: Miller Albert
Published: November 2023

Pleural thickening (PT) is a major consequence of exposure to all fiber types of asbestos. In recent decades, it is more prevalent than parenchymal asbestosis. Its manifestations occupy a full clinical and radiographic spectrum. Six major manifestations can be identified: (a) acute pleuritis generally with effusion; (b) diffuse PT or fibrous pleuritis; (c) rounded atelectasis; (d) circumscribed PT or plaques; (e) chronic pleuritic pain; and (f) mesothelioma. Review of the experience of workers and community members in Libby, MT to asbestiform fibers in vermiculite has confirmed the appearance of these previously known benign and malignant asbestos‐related diseases as well as a unique pleuropulmonary disease characterized as lamellar PT and associated with progressive decline in pulmonary function and pleuritic pain. Despite previous literature asserting that PT represents a marker for asbestos exposure without significant effect on pulmonary function and physiology, the experience of Libby amphibole (LA) disease, along with other studies, indicates that PT plays a role in declining vital capacity in those with prolonged or unusual exposures such as those arising from LA.
Self‐standing piezoelectric nanogenerator fabrics from ZnO‐doped PVDF nanofiber yarns
Authors: Borazan İsmail , Celik Bedeloglu Ayse
Published: November 2023

Today a wide variety of wearable electronics are in our daily lives and their uses are increasing. The development of portable, flexible, lightweight, cost‐effective, and stable devices that produce sustainable energy with renewable approaches in the field of wearable electronics, as in every field, is one of the important issues of today. According to their volume and weight, the use of nanofibers with high surface area in energy‐generating devices may bring them advantages such as lightness and higher energy density. Therefore, in recent years, researchers have focused on the development of nanofiber‐based nanogenerators that produce energy using mechanical energy in a sustainable and renewable way. In this paper, self‐standing piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) fabrics were obtained by developing flexible composite poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanofiber yarns doped with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles at different rates to provide higher power output. It has been characterized from electromechanical, structural, and morphological aspects. The most successful self‐standing PENG fabric obtained (at 5% ZnO loading) doubled the energy output of the fabric made from pure PVDF nanofiber yarn and provided a peak total power of 81 μW and a power density of 30 μW/cm2. The present results open up the field for the development of PVDF/ZnO‐based nanomats and their use in sensors and actuators in the healthcare and engineering industries.
Auditory language comprehension among children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: An ALE meta‐analysis of fMRI studies
Authors: Hua Zihui , Hu Jun , Zeng Huanke , Li Jiahui , Cao Yibo , Gan Yiqun
Published: November 2023

Difficulties in auditory language comprehension are common among children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. However, findings regarding the underlying neural mechanisms remain mixed, and few studies have systematically explored the overall patterns of these findings. Therefore, this study aims to systematically review and meta‐analyze the functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence of neural activation patterns while engaging in auditory language comprehension tasks among children and adolescents with autism. Using activation likelihood estimation, we conducted a series of meta‐analyses to investigate neural activation patterns during auditory language comprehension tasks compared to baseline conditions in autism and non‐autism groups and compared the activation patterns of the groups, respectively. Eight studies were included in the within‐group analyses, and seven were included in the between‐group analysis. The within‐group analyses revealed that the bilateral superior temporal gyrus was activated during auditory language comprehension tasks in both groups, whereas the left superior frontal gyrus and dorsal medial prefrontal cortex were activated only in the non‐autism group. Furthermore, the between‐group analysis showed that children and adolescents with autism, compared to those without autism, showed reduced activation in the right superior temporal gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, and insula, whereas the autism group did not show increased activation in any of the regions relative to the non‐autism group. Overall, these findings contribute to our understanding of the potential neural mechanisms underlying difficulties in auditory language comprehension in children and adolescents with autism and provide practical implications for early screening and language‐related interventions for children and adolescents with autism.
Exploiting the Photo‐Physical Properties of Metal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals for Bioimaging
Authors: Zhang Jiahui , Zhu Yifan
Published: November 2023

Perovskite nanomaterials have recently been exploited for bioimaging applications due to their unique photo‐physical properties, including high absorbance, good photostability, narrow emissions, and nonlinear optical properties. These attributes outperform conventional fluorescent materials such as organic dyes and metal chalcogenide quantum dots and endow them with the potential to reshape a wide array of bioimaging modalities. Yet, their full potential necessitates a deep grasp of their structure‐attribute relationship and strategies for enhancing water stability through surface engineering for meeting the stringent and unique requirements of each individual imaging modality. This review delves into this evolving frontier, highlighting how their distinctive photo‐physical properties can be leveraged and optimized for various bioimaging modalities, including visible light imaging, near‐infrared imaging, and super‐resolution imaging.
Phosphonium‐substituted Diphosphaindenylide (PPI): Exploration of Biradical Character and Ligand Properties
Authors: Coburger Peter , Zuber David , Schweinzer Clara , Scharnhölz Moritz
Published: November 2023

Starting from C6H4(PCl2)2 and the TMS‐substituted ylide (TMS)2C=PR3 (TMS=trimethylsilyl, R=p‐tolyl), the phosphonium‐substituted diphosphaindenylide PPI was prepared in two steps. CASSCF calculations as well as the reactivity toward diphenyl acetylene suggest a notable biradical character in PPI. Reaction with [Cr(CO)3(MeCN)3] affords the complex [Cr(CO)3(η5‐PPI)] (5). This complex was employed to explore the ligand properties of PPI, which demonstrates considerable potential through the combination of strong metal‐ligand interactions and the possibility of a pronounced indenyl effect.
A Green Environmental Protection Photocatalytic Molecular Reactor for Aerobic Oxidation of Sulfide to Sulfoxide
Authors: Chen Jia‐Qi , Zhang Kai‐Yang , Zhang Xiu‐Du , Huang Zi‐Qing , Deng Hong , Zhao Yue , Shi Zhuang‐Zhi , Sun Wei‐Yin
Published: November 2023

The design and synthesis of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) as photocatalytic molecular reactors for varied reactions have drawn great attention. In this work, we designed a novel photoactive perylenediimides‐based (PDI) carboxylate ligand N,N’‐di(3’,3”,5’,5”‐tetrakis(4‐carboxyphenyl))‐1,2,6,7‐tetrachloroperylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxylic acid diimide (Cl‐PDI‐TA) and use it to successfully synthesize a novel Zr(IV)‐based MOF 1 constructed from [Zr6O8(H2O)8]8+ clusters bridged by Cl‐PDI‐TA ligands. Structural analysis revealed that Zr‐MOF 1 manifests a 3D framework with (4,8)‐connected csq topology and possesses triangular channels of ~17 Å and mesoporous hexagonal channels of ~26 Å along c‐axis. Moreover, the synthesized Zr‐MOF 1 exhibits visible‐light absorption and efficient photoinduced free radical generation property, making it a promising photocatalytic molecular reactor. When Zr‐MOF 1 was used as a photocatalyst for the aerobic oxidation of sulfides under irradiation of visible light, it could afford the corresponding sulfoxides with high yield and selectivity. Experimental results demonstrated that the substrate sulfides could be fixed in the pores of 1 and directly transformed to the products sulfoxides in the solid state. Furthermore, the mechanism for the photocatalytic transformation was also investigated and the results revealed that the singlet oxygen (1O2) and superoxide radical (O2⋅−) generated by the energy transfer and electron transfer from the photoexcited Zr‐MOF to oxidants were the main active species for the catalytic reactions. This work offers a perceptive comprehension of the mechanism in PDI‐based MOFs for further study on photocatalytic reactions.
American Registry of Ambulatory or acutely decompensated heart failure (AMERICCAASS Registry): First 1000 patients
Authors: Gómez‐Mesa Juan Esteban , Gutiérrez‐Posso Juliana María , Escalante‐Forero Manuela , Córdoba‐Melo Brayan Daniel , Cárdenas‐Marín Paula Andrea , Perna Eduardo R. , Valle‐Ramos Mádelyn Raquel , Giraldo‐González Germán Camilo , Flórez‐Alarcón Noel Alberto , Rodríguez‐Caballero Ida Fabiola , Núñez‐Carrizo Cristian , Cabral‐Gueyraud Luz Teresa , Marte‐Arias Sarah Raquel , Hardin Elizabeth Ashley , Álvarez‐Sangabriel Amada , Menjívar‐De Ramos María Eugenia , van der Hilst Kwame , Cruz‐Díaz Licurgo Jacob , Fausto Ovando Sergio Roberto , Rodríguez Luis Arturo , Escalante Juan Pablo , Ormaechea‐Gorricho Gabriela , Bornancini Norberto Raul , Rodríguez‐González María Juliana , Campbell‐Quintero Sebastián , González‐Hormostay Raquel E. , Oviedo‐Pereira Guillermo , Trout‐Guardiola Guillermo , Encina Juan Justiniano , Jerez‐Castro Ana Margarita , Drazner Mark , Quesada‐Chaves Daniel , Romero‐Guerra Alexander , Rossel‐Mariángel Víctor Alejandro , Speranza Mario
Published: November 2023

Background

About 80% of cardiovascular diseases (including heart failure [HF]) occur in low‐income and developing countries. However, most clinical trials are conducted in developed countries.

Hypothesis

The American Registry of Ambulatory or Acutely Decompensated Heart Failure (AMERICCAASS) aims to describe the sociodemographic characteristics of HF, comorbidities, clinical presentation, and pharmacological management of patients with ambulatory or acutely decompensated HF in America.

Methodology

Descriptive, observational, prospective, and multicenter registry, which includes patients >18 years with HF in an outpatient or hospital setting. Collected information is stored in the REDCap electronic platform. Quantitative variables are defined according to the normality of the variable using the Shapiro–Wilk test.

Results

This analysis includes data from the first 1000 patients recruited. 63.5% were men, the median age of 66 years (interquartile range 56.7–75.4), and 77.6% of the patients were older than 55 years old. The percentage of use of the four pharmacological pillars at the time of recruitment was 70.7% for beta‐blockers (BB), 77.4% for angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)/angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB II)/angiotensin receptor‐neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI), 56.8% for mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA), and 30.7% for sodium–glucose cotransporter type‐2 inhibitors (SGLT2i). The main cause of decompensation in hospitalized patients was HF progression (64.4%), and the predominant hemodynamic profile was wet‐warm (68.3%).

Conclusions

AMERICCAASS is the first continental registry to include hospitalized or outpatient patients with HF. Regarding optimal medical therapy, approximately a quarter of the patients still need to receive BB and ACEI/ARB/ARNI, less than half do not receive MRA, and more than two‐thirds do not receive SGLT2i.
Accessing Functionalized Tetrazines as Click Chemistry Tools: A Synthesis Guide for Chemists and Chemical Biologists
Authors: Bickem Lucas Moritz , Gavriel Katerina , Neumann Kevin
Published: November 2023

Since the first report that 1,2,4,5‐tetrazines undergo a bioorthogonal reaction with dienophiles in the form of an inverse electron‐demand Diels‐Alder reaction, the demand for high‐yielding synthetic approaches towards them grew steadily. Despite this significant interest, tetrazines were predominantly accessed via the Pinner synthesis or other Pinner‐like reactions, significantly limiting available substrates. In particular, the synthesis of unsymmetrically substituted s‐tetrazines for the selective conjugation to another species presented a major challenge. To tackle these challenges, new and innovative high‐yielding transformations have been developed to widen the scope of accessible symmetric and unsymmetric tetrazines. For instance, Ni(II), Zn(II), and sulphur‐catalysed reactions between two nitriles and hydrazine were developed, which provide access to a wide range of (un‐)symmetric aryl s‐tetrazines. Also, amidines and orthoesters give tetrazines with alkyl substituents, whereas the usage of CH2Cl2 yields valuable H‐monosubstituted tetrazines. Methods using thiocarbohydrazides, terminal fluoroolefins, oxetane esters, or tosyl hydrazones are among the recent additions. Due to the high interest in tetrazine click‐chemistry approaches, some of which reach beyond inverse electron‐demand Diels‐Alder reactions, we expect this overview of synthetic routes to aid the exploration for further applications of tetrazines. Ultimately, we hope to provide a guide for chemists and chemical biologists for accessing functional s‐tetrazines.
PACS2 pathogenic variant associated with malformation of cortical development and epilepsy
Authors: Checri Rayann , Dozières‐Puyravel Blandine , Elmaleh‐Bergès Monique , Verloes Alain , Auvin Stéphane
Published: November 2023

PACS2 pathogenic variants are associated with an autosomal dominant syndrome (OMIM DEE66), associating developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, facial dysmorphism, and cerebellar dysgenesis. However, no malformation of cortical development has been reported yet. We report here a seven‐year‐old child with a history of infantile epileptic spasm syndrome and a right insular polymicrogyria and pachygyria due to de novo PACS2 recurrent mutation c.625G>A (p.Glu209Lys). Our observation raises the question of the role of PACS2 in the cortical development. It also reminds the importance of cerebellar anomalies in the recognition of PACS‐related DEE.
Risk factors for sarcopenia in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Liu Chen , Cheng Ling , Ye Wenfeng , Lin Lizhu
Published: November 2023

Objective

Sarcopenia is a common condition among patients with cancer. To better understand the prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC), we analysed the risk factors of sarcopenia and developed a theoretical foundation for further development of sarcopenia prevention and treatment strategies.

Methods

Six hundred and seventeen patients with HNC were recruited for this cross‐sectional observational study, and the data were analyzed using logistic regression analyses. The bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was used to measure skeletal muscle mass, and sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the 2019 diagnostic criteria of the Asian Sarcopenia Working Group (AWGS).

Results

Among the 617 patients enrolled in the study, 115 (18.6%) had sarcopenia. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 29.1% in males and 8% in females. In the multivariate analysis, older age (OR = 12.266, 95% CI: 3.864–38.934, p < 0.01), body fat (OR = 1.775, 95% CI: 1.511–2.084, p < 0.01), and sex (OR = 138.659, 95% CI: 42.382–453.642, p < 0.01) were independent risk factors for sarcopenia. Body mass index (BMI) (OR = 0.137, 95% CI: 0.09–0.21, p < 0.01), and total body water/fat free mass (TBW/FFM) (OR = 0.122, 95% CI: 0.031–0.474, p < 0.01) were protective factors for sarcopenia; we observed that sarcopenia decreased with increasing BMI and TBW/FFM.

Conclusions

Male sex, advanced age, and excess body fat were identified as risk factors for sarcopenia in patients with HNC, whereas a higher BMI and TBW/FFM acted as protective factors against sarcopenia in these patients.
Reconstruction of the anterior maxillary defect using a vascularized bone flap with residual teeth in the posterior maxilla
Authors: Li Zi‐Meng , Kang Yi‐Fan , Zhang Lei , Yang Yi‐Fan , Shan Xiao‐Feng , Cai Zhi‐Gang
Published: November 2023

Background

Microsurgical bone reconstruction is challenging in cases of anterior maxillary defects because of the presence of residual teeth. The study analyzed the method and feasibility of using vascularized bone flaps to reconstruct anterior maxillary defects.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 15 patients treated at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School, and Hospital of Stomatology between November 2017 and January 2023.

Results

A total of 14 patients were successfully reconstructed using the digital technique: 6 deep circumflex iliac artery (DCIA) flaps and 8 fibular free flaps. Palatal and buccal pedicle paths were used in 4 and 10 cases, respectively, for vascular anastomosis. The implant coverage rates of the DCIA and fibular free flaps were 87.2% and 92.6%, respectively (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Anterior maxillary defects reconstructed with the DCIA and fibular free flaps are reliable methods. Furthermore, the palatal and buccal paths are recommended for vascular anastomosis.
Quasicrystalline Antimony Thin Films
Authors: Raj Sharma Hem , Nugent Peter John , Coates Sam , McGrath Ronan
Published: November 2023

The growth of antimony (Sb) thin films on the fivefold surface of icosahedral Ag−In−Yb quasicrystal has been studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). At low coverage, the deposited Sb yields a network of pentagons of different sizes and heights. These Sb pentagons can be mapped by a pentagonal tiling of the substrate and thus exhibit quasicrystalline long‐range order. Subsequent deposition of Sb yields a disordered film. XPS observations of the growth mode are consistent with the STM results.
Koumine inhibits RANKL‐induced ubiquitination and NF‐κB activation to prevent ovariectomy and aging‐induced bone loss
Authors: You Jiongming , Xu Dingjun , Zhang Chenxi , Chen Yilin , Huang Song , Bian Huihui , Lv Juan , Chen Dagui , Su Li , Yin Heng , Li Yinghua , Wang Yong
Published: November 2023

Osteoporosis (OP) is a bone remodeling disease characterized by an imbalance between bone resorption and formation. Osteoclasts are the primary therapeutic targets for treating bone destruction. Koumine (KM), the most bioactive component in Gelsemium alkaloids, exhibits antitumor, immunosuppressive, anti‐inflammatory, and analgesic properties. However, the effects of bone loss have not been well studied. This study conducted in vitro and in vivo verification experiments on KM. The results showed that KM inhibited bone resorption and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase positive (TRAP+) osteoclasts development by mature osteoclasts in a dose‐dependent manner. Moreover, KM prevented OVX‐induced OP in vivo and potentially inhibited ubiquitination, a process closely related to various biological activities, including protein interaction, transcription, and transmembrane signal transduction regulation, especially within the nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) pathway. Previous studies have demonstrated that several proteins ubiquitination promotes osteoclastogenesis, our study indicated that KM inhibits early NF‐κB activation and receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand induced ubiquitination, a critical factor in osteoclast differentiation. In conclusion, our research suggests that KM holds potential as an effective therapeutic agent for OP.
Homologous chromosome pairing: The linchpin of accurate segregation in meiosis
Authors: Tian Yuqi , Liu Libo , Gao Jinmin , Wang Ruoxi
Published: November 2023

Meiosis is a specialized cell division that occurs in sexually reproducing organisms, generating haploid gametes containing half the chromosome number through two rounds of cell division. Homologous chromosomes pair and prepare for their proper segregation in subsequent divisions. How homologous chromosomes recognize each other and achieve pairing is an important question. Early studies showed that in most organisms, homologous pairing relies on homologous recombination. However, pairing mechanisms differ across species. Evidence indicates that chromosomes are dynamic and move during early meiotic stages, facilitating pairing. Recent studies in various model organisms suggest conserved mechanisms and key regulators of homologous chromosome pairing. This review summarizes these findings and compare similarities and differences in homologous chromosome pairing mechanisms across species.
Evaluation of biological potential of UV‐spectrophotometric, SEM, FTIR, and EDS observed Punica granatum and Plectranthus rugosus extract‐coated silver nanoparticles: A comparative study
Authors: Akhtar Muhammad Faran , Irshad Muhammad , Ali Shaukat , Summer Muhammad , Gulrukh Saima , Irfan Muhammad
Published: November 2023

Recent developments in the green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) using phytoconstituents have attracted the attention of the global scientific community. The present study was designed to synthesize silver NPs (AgNPs) using Punica granatum and Plectranthus rugosus plant extracts. The fabricated AgNPs were characterized using UV–visible spectrophotometry (UV–Vis), Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (EDS). The shift in the color of the silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution after the addition of P. granatum and P. rugosus extracts indicated the synthesis of AgNPs. The effect of AgNO3 concentrations and pH on the synthesis of AgNPs was also evaluated. The findings of this study suggest that AgNO3 concentration of 1 mM, reaction time of 1 h, and pH of 7 at room temperature were the best suited conditions for the synthesis of AgNPs. According to the FTIR analysis, amidic and carbonyl compounds were primarily responsible for the encapsulation of AgNPs. SEM investigations have shown irregularly shaped geometry with sizes of 35 nm (P. granatum) and 33 nm (P. rugosus) with low agglomeration. The prepared AgNPs exhibited good potential for 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, with values of 70% (P. granatum) and 68% (P. rugosus). Hence, we conclude that the leaves of P. granatum and P. rugosus are excellent material for designing of different plant‐extracted‐conjugated AgNPs for biomedical applications.

Research Highlights

Preparation of the AgNPs using novel plants extracts.

P. granatum and P. rugosus extract as reducing, capping, stabilizing, and optimizing agents.

Thorough comparative characterization using UV–Vis spectrophotometer, FTIR, SEM, and EDS which is a first of its kind.

Comparative antioxidant activity.
Nanoinjection of extracellular vesicles to single live cells by robotic fluidic force microscopy
Authors: Kovács Kinga Dóra , Visnovitz Tamás , Gerecsei Tamás , Peter Beatrix , Kurunczi Sándor , Koncz Anna , Németh Krisztina , Lenzinger Dorina , Vukman Krisztina V. , Balogh Anna , Rajmon Imola , Lőrincz Péter , Székács Inna , Buzás Edit I. , Horvath Robert
Published: November 2023

In the past decade, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted substantial interest in biomedicine. With progress in the field, we have an increasing understanding of cellular responses to EVs. In this Technical Report, we describe the direct nanoinjection of EVs into the cytoplasm of single cells of different cell lines. By using robotic fluidic force microscopy (robotic FluidFM), nanoinjection of GFP positive EVs and EV‐like particles into single live HeLa, H9c2, MDA‐MB‐231 and LCLC‐103H cells proved to be feasible. This injection platform offered the advantage of high cell selectivity and efficiency. The nanoinjected EVs were initially localized in concentrated spot‐like regions within the cytoplasm. Later, they were transported towards the periphery of the cells. Based on our proof‐of‐principle data, robotic FluidFM is suitable for targeting single living cells by EVs and may lead to information about intracellular EV cargo delivery at a single‐cell level.
Don't Let it be! Creative Co‐regulation and Socially Shared Regulation in a Case Study of the Beatles: Get Back
Authors: Urban Kamila , Urban Marek
Published: November 2023

Criticism has been raised about creativity researchers narrowing their focus solely to the cognitive processes within individuals. To address these concerns, this case study seeks to expand the scope of creativity research by delving into metacognitive, motivational, and emotional processes involved in collaborative creative problem‐solving. The present study applies the concepts of self‐regulation, co‐regulation, and socially shared regulation to a real‐world case study: the documentary The Beatles: Get Back. Observational footage of the band rehearsing and creating new songs for their live show is analyzed within a socially shared regulation of learning (SSRL) framework. Theory‐driven coding identified individual facets of self‐regulation, co‐regulation, and socially shared regulation during collaborative creative problem‐solving. The analysis revealed initial problems with self‐regulation, especially motivation and emotion regulation, inhibiting collaboration. However, co‐regulatory prompts between group members facilitated a shift toward more productive socially shared regulation where the band collectively negotiated goals, plans and ideas. An examination of spontaneous interactions highlighted the interplay between individual self‐regulation and socially constructed regulation shaping real‐world creative collaboration. Individual metacognitive skills, motivation, and emotions, as well as socially shared group dynamics enabled the members to regulate uncertainty and obstacles in collaborative creative problem‐solving.