Pengaruh cold application terhadap nyeri pada anak yang dilakukan tindakan invasif: Tinjauan sistematik
Authors: Rahayu Bhekti Yuniarti , Rekawati Etty , Wanda Dessie , Lestari Ayu Widya 
Published: February 2025

Background: Hospitals are often scary places for children. Especially when undergoing invasive medical procedures such as blood draws and injections. Children feel greater pain and anxiety than adults, causing fussiness and psychological trauma. The role of nurses is very important in creating a safe and comfortable environment. They must apply pain management techniques that include pharmacological approaches such as the use of analgesics, and non-pharmacological methods such as distraction and relaxation techniques. One non-pharmacological method is the use of ice packs. This technique is thought to reduce pain with a cold sensation. Cold applications using ice packs can be considered because they are more affordable and easy to access.
Purpose: To analyze the results of research related to the effect of cold application on pain in children undergoing invasive procedures.
Method: The systematic review study used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) scheme guidelines. The search for articles was conducted by searching the literature through online databases, namely PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, Scopus, and ClinicalKey for Nursing.
Results: The application of the ice pack application to reduce the pain experienced by children when undergoing invasive procedures has proven to be effective. However, further research with a broader scope and stronger research design is needed to generalize these findings to a wider population with various types of invasive procedures.
Conclusion: Ice packs are effective in reducing pain in children undergoing invasive procedures. The mechanism of action is by slowing the transmission of pain signals to the brain. Ice packs are easy to use, inexpensive, readily available, and environmentally friendly.
 
Keywords: Children; Ice Pack; Invasive Procedures; Pain.
 
Pendahuluan: Rumah sakit sering menjadi tempat yang menakutkan bagi anak-anak, terutama saat menjalani tindakan medis invasif seperti pengambilan darah dan suntikan. Anak-anak merasakan rasa sakit dan kecemasan yang lebih besar dibandingkan orang dewasa, sehingga menyebabkan rewel dan trauma psikologis. Peran perawat sangat penting dalam menciptakan lingkungan yang aman dan nyaman. Mereka harus menerapkan teknik manajemen nyeri yang mencakup pendekatan farmakologis penggunaan analgesik dan nonfarmakologis, seperti teknik distraksi dan relaksasi. Salah satu metode nonfarmakologis adalah penggunaan ice pack yang dapat mengurangi rasa sakit dengan sensasi dingin.
Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis hasil-hasil penelitian terkait pengaruh cold application terhadap nyeri pada anak yang dilakukan tindakan invasif.
Metode: Penelitian systematic review menggunakan panduan skema Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Pencarian artikel dilakukan dengan penelusuran literatur melalui database online yaitu PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, Scopus, dan ClinicalKey for Nursing.
Hasil: Penerapan aplikasi ice pack dalam mengurangi nyeri yang dialami anak-anak saat menjalani tindakan invasif terbukti efektif. Namun, perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan cakupan yang lebih luas dan desain penelitian yang lebih kuat untuk menggeneralisasi temuan ini pada populasi yang lebih luas dengan berbagai jenis prosedur invasif.
Simpulan: Aplikasi ice pack efektif dalam mengurangi nyeri pada anak saat menjalani tindakan invasif. Mekanisme kerjanya dengan memperlambat transmisi sinyal nyeri ke otak. Aplikasi ice pack mudah dalam penggunaannya, murah, mudah didapat, dan ramah lingkungan.
 
Kata Kunci: Anak-anak; Ice Pack; Nyeri; Tindakan Invasif.