bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Edge States in 1D Rhombus Lattices
Authors: Li Jia‐Rui , Zhang Shu‐Feng , Zhang Lian‐Lian , Gong Wei‐Jiang
Published: October 2021

The band structure and topological properties of a 1D rhombus lattice are studied by defining three models according to the manners of intracell hopping amplitudes. Results show that in the presence of uniform intracell hopping amplitudes, degenerate topological edge states appear at the ends of the lattice. When the intracell hopping amplitudes change, the edge states change in different ways, but they are robust to a small amount of disorder. The inversion symmetry breaking modifies the degeneracy of the edge states and makes the edge states localized at one end of the lattice. Next, when local magnetic flux is introduced, the band structures of the three models are further modulated. New gaps can be opened and edge states can be induced with their different topological properties. This rhombus lattice can be a promising candidate for studying the edge states and their dependence on structural parameters and magnetic flux in 1D systems.
Quantifying Interference via Coherence
Authors: Sun Yuan , Luo Shunlong
Published: October 2021

Interference, which has its origin in the superposition principle, is one of the hallmarks of wave mechanics and constitutes a versatile resource for many information processing tasks. As such, it is actually a manifestation of coherence. Despite its long history in the development of physics, quantitative studies of interference are still an important topic. Traditionally, interference is often characterized via the fringe visibility from an operational perspective. This is experimentally convenient. However, from a theoretic perspective, it is desirable to reveal information‐theoretic aspects of interference. In this work, coherence of a state (with respect to a unitary operator parameterized by the interfering paths and phase shifts in multi‐path interference) is first quantified in terms of a generalized version of the Wigner‐Yanase skew information, two natural quantifiers of interference are then introduced via this coherence measure. Basic properties of these quantifiers of interference are further revealed, and the concepts are illustrated through several examples.
Synthesis and evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of new spiropyridine derivatives using Ag/TiO2/Fe3O4@MWCNTs MNCs as efficient organometallic nanocatalyst
Authors: Ahmadi Naser , Sayyed‐Alangi S. Zahra , Varasteh‐Moradi Ali
Published: October 2021

In this study, a new and procedure was reported for the synthesis of Ag/TiO2/Fe3O4@MWCNTs MNCs as a new heterogeneous organometallic catalyst. XRD, FESEM, EDX, and TEM analysis were used for confirming the structure of synthesized nanocatalyst. The Ag/TiO2/Fe3O4@MWCNTs MNCs as a high performance catalyst was employed for the preparation of a new family of functionalized spiropyridine via the one‐pot condensation reactions of acetophenones, diethyloxalate, ammonium acetate, isatin, malononitrile, and electron‐deficient acetylenic compounds in water at room temperature. Also, antioxidant property of some prepared compounds was investigated using diphenyl‐picrylhydrazine (DPPH) radical trapping experiment. Presently, bacteria that are not destroyed with drug have generated many problems in the performance of many transferable disease. For this reason, discovering appropriate and new procedures for the dealing with these pathogens is important, and recent study has focused on the investigation of the antibacterial effects on the prepared compounds.
Copper(II) species with 1‐(o‐tolyl)biguanide: Structural characterization, ROS scavenging, antibacterial activity, biocompatibility and in silico studies
Authors: Maxim Catalin , Badea Mihaela , Rostas Arpad Mihai , Chifiriuc Mariana Carmen , Pircalabioru Gratiela Gradisteanu , Avram Speranța , Olar Rodica
Published: October 2021

The species cis‐[Cu(tbg)2](ClO4)2 (CuTP) (tbg: 1‐(o‐tolyl)biguanide) was designed as a novel antimicrobial and biocompatible agent. The single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction revealed a mononuclear species with a very interesting structure consisting of two tautomeric forms of tbg arranged in a cis‐configuration. A complex hydrogen bond network with perchlorate anions involved in different interactions leads to a supramolecular structure. The EPR data indicated the formation of a stable cis‐trans mixture in dimethylsulfoxide. Moreover, the EPR experiments evidenced no activity against the superoxide radical (O2·−) but scavenging ability of the hydroxyl radical (HO·). This complex exhibited excellent antibacterial properties against planktonic and biofilm embedded gram‐negative (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae) and gram‐positive (Bacillus subtilis, Lysteria monocytogenes) bacteria. The best efficiency was noticed against E. cloacae and L. monocytogenes with minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal biofilm eradication for a concentration value of 1.95 μg/ml. One of the possible mechanisms of antimicrobial activity is represented by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The complex was not cytotoxic on L929 fibroblasts. The in silico analysis confirmed the drug‐likeness and safety profile of the tested compound and its potential for developing novel antimicrobial and therapeutic tools, targeting other clinical conditions besides infectious diseases.
A new method for the synthesis of abiraterone drug catalyzed by Pd‐NPs@Zn‐MOF as efficient reusable catalyst
Authors: Shirazi Seyed Mohammad Hossein , Mokhtari Javad , Mirjafary Zohreh
Published: October 2021

The present work provides a novel process for the preparation of abiraterone drug in a Suzuki–Miyaura coupling approach by a new heterogeneous palladium catalyst, Pd‐NPs@Zn‐MOF, which has been synthesized by one‐step encapsulation in nanoporous metal–organic framework Zn‐MOF under a temperature control program for the first time. Pd‐NPs@Zn‐MOF were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐Ray powder diffraction (XRD), BET surface area analysis, inductively coupled plasma (ICP)‐optical emission spectrometry (OES), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
Polymer foams as advanced energy absorbing materials for sports applications—A review
Authors: Tomin Márton , Kmetty Ákos
Published: October 2021

The use of polymer foams is becoming increasingly important due to the attainable weight reduction and value‐added properties. The development of foam structures is a popular research area as they have outstanding energy absorbing capability, which is related to the special deformation mechanisms of the cell structure (cell wall buckling and collapse of the cells). This property is exploited by the sports industry, where the main task of such products is to protect the health of the athlete and to ensure safe sports conditions. This review provides a comprehensive presentation of the advanced energy absorbing applications of polymeric foams in sports. The article presents in detail the processing technologies of polymer foams, as well as the sports‐specific regulations which contain the requirements for sports products. The impact damping of polymeric foams is typically determined by falling weight impact tests, which were used in several previous studies. However, it is a great challenge to compare the published results, as the test parameters and the tested materials are different. Currently, an unexplored field of research is the detailed study of multilayer sandwich foam structures. Understanding the effect of layer order on mechanical properties would help researchers achieve a major improvement in this field.
Tailoring polyimide composites with low friction and wear at high temperatures
Authors: Duan Chunjian , Gao Chuanping , Li Song , Yang Rui , Yang Zenghui , Zhang Yaoming , Tao Liming , Zhang Xinrui , Wang Qihua , Wang Tingmei
Published: October 2021

In this article, thermosetting polyimide (TPI) composites based on two ideal ingredients (graphite/graphene‐like carbon nitride, g‐C3N4) were designed with different fibers and their tribological performance was comprehensively investigated at different high temperatures. It was found that the synergistic effect between solid lubricants graphite blended with g‐C3N4 and reinforced fibers on friction and wear performance. Extremely lower friction and wear behavior of TPI composite is attained with aramid pulps (APs) at high temperatures. More importantly, an obvious transition of wear rate and friction took place with aramid pulps under 200°C. When the cross‐sections of the transfer films were analyzed using focused ion beam transmission electron microscopy (FIB‐TEM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), it was found that graphite and g‐C3N4 combined with APs led to simultaneous improvement in load‐carrying capability of TPI matrix and durability of tribofilms subjected to complex physical and chemical reaction. Our work discloses a route for developing the TPI composite exposed to high temperatures with extremely lower friction and wear rate.
Thermal and dielectric properties of two‐dimensional layered MXene (Ti3C2Tx) filled linear low‐density polyethylene composites
Authors: Jena Dipika priyadarsini , Anwar Shahid , Parida R. K. , Parida B. N. , Nayak Nimai C.
Published: October 2021

Exploring a new material MXene‐based polymer composite with high‐dielectric constant and low‐dielectric loss is important because of their potential applications in modern electronics and power systems. The two‐dimensional layered Ti3C2Tx(MXene)/linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) composite have been fabricated via the solution casting method in the weight ratio of 1 to 10 of Ti3C2Txto the total weight of the polymer matrix. The formation of Ti3C2Tx filled LLDPE composite is revealed by the X‐ray diffraction, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Fourier‐transform infrared, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis investigations. The room temperature transport behavior of the composites was studied by impedance spectroscopy technique within the frequency range of 5 Hz–5 MHz. The composites show significantly improved real dielectric permittivity of and low‐dielectric dissipation loss of the composite (maximum ε' = 9.35 × 103 with tan δ = 0.48 at 5 Hz at 25°C) at 5 phr of Ti3C2Tx loading. This work gives an auspicious idea to build polymer films with improved dielectric permittivity and low‐loss tangent for potential application in flexible electronic materials.
Efficacy and safety of acupuncture in the treatment of depression: A systematic review of clinical research
Authors: Zhang Zixuan , Li Shaoyuan , Meng Hong , Wang Yifei , Zhang Yue , Wu Mozheng , Chen Yu , Rong Peijing , Wang Yu
Published: October 2021

As a common mental disorder, depression is one of the leading causes of disability around the world. Clinical studies have shown that acupuncture is an effective therapy without obvious side effects compared to limited efficacy and adverse reactions of drug therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and neuromodulation technology in treating depression. The objective of this review is to systematically evaluate whether acupuncture therapies for depression are safe and effective in order to provide a high‐quality reference for clinical trials of acupuncture. A systematic search of the literature was carried out through bibliographic search engine PubMed. Subsequently, the study design, intervention methods, control group, results, and safety of acupuncture were analyzed. The results showed that acupuncture as an adjunct to antidepressants or as a single treatment can exert a positive impact on patients' depressive symptoms. Compared with antidepressants, acupuncture has the advantages of fast onset and long‐term efficacy in the treatment of depression, and can enhance the efficacy of antidepressants. Moreover, the efficacy and safety of acupuncture in the treatment of depression maybe related to the qualification of the acupuncturist, the selection of acupoints, and intervention measures.
The effects of simulated interruptions on mobile search tasks
Authors: Hoeber Orland , Harvey Morgan , Dewan Sagar Shaheed Ahmed , Pointon Matthew
Published: October 2021

While it is clear that using a mobile device can interrupt real‐world activities such as walking or driving, the effects of interruptions on mobile device use have been under‐studied. We are particularly interested in how the ambient distraction of walking while using a mobile device, combined with the occurrence of simulated interruptions of different levels of cognitive complexity, affect web search activities. We have established an experimental design to study how the degree of cognitive complexity of simulated interruptions influences both objective and subjective search task performance. In a controlled laboratory study (n = 27), quantitative and qualitative data were collected on mobile search performance, perceptions of the interruptions, and how participants reacted to the interruptions, using a custom mobile eye‐tracking app, a questionnaire, and observations. As expected, more cognitively complex interruptions resulted in increased overall task completion times and higher perceived impacts. Interestingly, the effect on the resumption lag or the actual search performance was not significant, showing the resiliency of people to resume their tasks after an interruption. Implications from this study enhance our understanding of how interruptions objectively and subjectively affect search task performance, motivating the need for providing explicit mobile search support to enable recovery from interruptions.
Prognostic impact of proton pump inhibitors for immunotherapy in advanced urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Okuyama Yoshiharu , Hatakeyama Shingo , Numakura Kazuyuki , Narita Takuma , Tanaka Toshikazu , Miura Yuki , Sasaki Daichi , Noro Daisuke , Tokui Noriko , Okamoto Teppei , Yamamoto Hayato , Narita Shintaro , Yoneyama Takahiro , Hashimoto Yasuhiro , Habuchi Tomonori , Ohyama Chikara
Published: October 2021

Objective

To evaluate the effects of the concomitant use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and/or antibiotics (Abs) on oncological outcomes in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma.

Patients and methods

We retrospectively evaluated 155 patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma who were treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) between August 2015 and April 2021. The concomitant use of PPI or Abs was defined as any PPI or Abs administered within 30 days before ICI initiation and during ICI therapy. The primary outcomes were the effect of PPI and/or Abs use on the objective response rate (ORR) and immune‐related adverse events (irAEs). The secondary outcomes were the effects of PPI and/or Abs use on progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) after ICI therapy analyzed using the inverse probability of treatment weighting‐adjusted Cox regression analysis.

Results

Of the 155 patients enrolled in the study, 99 (64%) were PPI users and 56 (36%) Abs users. PPI users were associated with a significantly poorer ORR than non‐PPI users (41% vs. 20%, respectively), whereas Abs use was not significantly associated with changes in ORR. The rate of irAEs was not significantly associated with the use of PPIs or Abs. Multivariate inverse probability of treatment weighting‐adjusted Cox regression analysis revealed significantly poorer PFS and OS in PPI users than in non‐PPI users, whereas Abs use was not associated with poorer outcomes.

Conclusion

The concomitant use of PPI may adversely affect oncological outcomes in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma treated with ICI therapy.
Teaching behavior analysts to create multiple baseline graphs using SigmaPlot
Authors: Cihon Joseph H. , Ferguson Julia L. , Milne Christine M. , Leaf Justin B.
Published: October 2021

The development and visual inspection of graphical representations of single subject designs is a hallmark of applied behavior analysis. Much of the research on training individuals to develop single subject design graphs has involved a limited number of graphing programs (i.e., Microsoft Excel and Prism). Many graphing programs require task analyses specific to their user environment (e.g., separating data from different conditions in different columns), which may decrease the likelihood of generalization of the results of previous studies to other graphing programs (e.g., SigmaPlot). In the present study, we have evaluated the effectiveness of a video tutorial for training behavior analysts to create multiple baseline across participants graphs using SigmaPlot, which includes the inputting of data. The effectiveness of the video tutorial was evaluated using a multiple baseline design. For two of the participants, the video tutorial alone resulted in mastery level performance. The third participant required feedback before reaching mastery level performance. All three participants demonstrated generalization to a different data set and performance maintained following a week of no intervention. Social validity data indicates that participants found the skill, training, and results to be important, enjoyable, and acceptable.
Antecedents of absorptive capacity in the development of circular economy business models of small and medium enterprises
Authors: Marrucci Luca , Iannone Fabio , Daddi Tiberio , Iraldo Fabio
Published: October 2021

Most firms, especially small and medium enterprises (SMEs), find it difficult to integrate circular economy strategies within their business models. Moreover, there is a lack of research on approaches for the successful implementation of circular economies in SMEs in the field of manufacturing. To fill this gap, we investigate the antecedents of absorptive capacity in successful circular economy business cases using a qualitative multiple‐case study. Focusing on the horticultural sector, we interviewed six Italian SMEs using NVivo 12 for the analysis. The data were then classified into first‐order and second‐order categories and then sorted into absorptive capacity dimensions. Our results highlight the significant contribution provided by absorptive capacities to the circular economy in SMEs. We highlighted three antecedents for each absorptive capacity dimension and explored their key concepts. Our study contributes to the academic literature on the links between absorptive capacity and corporate sustainability by providing insights into the role of acquisition, assimilation, transformation and exploitation capabilities in the successful implementation of circular economy practices.
Fight, flight, and free will: The effect of trauma informed psychoeducation on perceived culpability and punishment for juvenile and adult offenders
Authors: Katz Rachel R. , Fondacaro Mark R.
Published: October 2021

Justifications for punishment are generally grounded in retribution or consequentialism. Retribution is rooted in and legitimized by common sense notions of free will, claiming that offenders freely and rationally choose to commit a criminal act, and are therefore deserving of punishment. Consequentialism does not necessitate a reliance on a belief in free will, and views punishment as means to a valuable end. In recent years, neuroscientific research has challenged the notion of free will, providing one pathway for a public shift away from retribution and towards consequentialism. To date, no studies have examined whether educating participants about biopsychosocial effects of trauma that are often outside of conscious awareness may contribute to free will doubt. This study used a 2 (biopsychosocial information, neutral information) × 2 (juvenile offender, adult offender) between subjects design and measured beliefs in free will, judgments of culpability, and justifications for punishment. Results showed a main effect of trauma informed psychoeducation on free will beliefs, such that individuals who watched a trauma video had lower free will beliefs compared to individuals who watched a control video. Direct effects of trauma informed psychoeducation on sentence severity and on justifications for punishment were nonsignificant. However, mediation analyses revealed that free will beliefs had an indirect effect on the relations between trauma informed psychoeducation and perceived culpability and that perceived culpability had an indirect effect on the relations between trauma informed psychoeducation and retribution, consequentialism, and punishment severity.
Gamification tools in the learning of shipbuilding in the undergraduate marine engineering education
Authors: Leon Alejandro , Peña Marta
Published: October 2021

This study assesses the implementation of different gamification tools and learning complexity in the of the subject Shipbuilding Principles of the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya · BarcelonaTech (UPC). This experience has been carried out under a triple new scenario: the virtuality due to the Covid‐19 pandemic, added to the gamified training, and the assessment carried out remotely. Both the content and the assessment of the subject have been presented using three gamification web tools (Kahoot!, Mentimeter, and Socrative) and three learning complexity (Lexicon, Comprehension, and Visual & Relationship). The content of the subject has been taught in a dynamic, entertaining, and active way. An important factor that has been taken into account was student diversity when responding to gamified elements, using different gamification tools and different learning complexity. This experience of gamification had a positive impact on student motivation, class attendance, participation, collaborative learning, and classroom climate, which is key in a scenario like the current one, with an adaptation of classes to online learning due to the pandemic. From the results obtained, it can be stated that the gamified experience, even offering a good result compared to previous academic years, did not provide a significant improvement in the overall academic performance of the students. Regarding the gamification tools, the one that presented a slight advantage over the rest was Socrative, which is based on a particular challenge without competition between peers or groups. Regarding the learning complexity, all presented a similar level of success.
Conventional versus modified delivery system technique in commissural alignment from the Evolut low‐risk CT substudy
Authors: Tang Gilbert H. L. , Sengupta Aditya , Alexis Sophia L. , Zaid Syed , Leipsic Jonathan A. , Blanke Philipp , Grubb Kendra J. , Gada Hemal , Yakubov Steven J. , Rogers Toby , Lerakis Stamatios , Khera Sahil , Adams David H. , Sharma Samin K. , Kini Annapoorna , Reardon Michael J.
Published: October 2021

Objectives

We assessed the impact of conventional delivery system (DS) insertion technique on “Hat‐marker” orientation/commissural alignment in patients who underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in the Evolut Low Risk Trial CT substudy versus a modified technique.

Background

Unlike surgical aortic valve replacement, where alignment of the surgical valve commissures with native commissures can be achieved virtually 100% of the time, commissural alignment during TAVR is not achieved consistently. This may subsequently impact the feasibility of both coronary access and reintervention after TAVR.

Methods

“Hat‐marker” orientations during deployment were characterized as outer curve (OC), center front (CF), inner curve, and center back. Severe commissure‐to‐CA overlap was 0–20°. “Hat‐marker” orientations and CA overlap were compared to 240 patients from a single center using the modified 3‐o'clock flush port DS technique.

Results

In the CT substudy in which conventional DS insertion was performed (flush port at 12 o'clock); 154/249 had both analyzable CT and procedural fluoroscopy to validate “Hat‐marker” to C‐tab/commissural orientation. On post‐TAVR CT, Evolut valve commissural orientation and coronary artery (CA) ostia were identified. Compared to conventional DS technique in the CT substudy, the modified technique had higher rates of “Hat‐marker” at OC/CF orientation, improved commissural alignment and reduced severe CA overlap; (left main, 14.2 vs. 27.9%; right coronary artery, 11.7 vs. 27.3% both, 5.0 vs. 13.6%; 1 or both CA, 20.8 vs. 41.6%, all p < 0.01).

Conclusions

The modified technique improved initial “Hat‐marker” orientation during Evolut deployment and resulted in better commissural alignment and reduced CA overlap.
Anastomotic stenosis of a reconstructed dissecting superior mesenteric artery aneurysm undetectable by intraoperative indocyanine green angiography: A case report
Authors: Yamashita Shigeyuki , Shibuya Kazuto , Nagao Kanetsugu , Doi Toshio , Yokoyama Shigeki , Yamashita Akio , Fukahara Kazuaki , Fujii Tsutomu , Yoshimura Naoki
Published: October 2021

Intraoperative evaluation of blood flow using ICG angiography revealed no significant abnormality. However, the anastomotic stenosis was revealed by postoperative CT angiography; more precise intraoperative evaluation methods need to be developed.
Mineralogy and glass content of Fe‐rich fayalite slag size fractions and their effect on alkali activation and leaching of heavy metals
Authors: Adediran Adeolu , Yliniemi Juho , Illikainen Mirja
Published: October 2021

Fayalite slag (FS) is an Fe‐rich nonferrous metallurgy (CaO‐MgO‐) FeOx‐SiO2 slag originating from nickel or copper manufacturing processes, which currently is disposed to landfills or used in low‐value applications. This study investigates the mineralogy and glass content of certain sized fractions of FS and how it influences the reactivity, mechanical, and microstructural properties of the alkali‐activated materials produced. Water‐quenched granular FS was sieved into two size fractions: namely, a fine fraction (FF) with a particle size range of 0–0.5 mm and a coarse fraction (CF) with a particle size range of 1.5–2 mm. It was then milled to a similar median particle size of 10 μm to be used as a binder precursor. The reaction kinetics of each fraction was determined via thermal analysis microcalorimeter, and the microstructural evolution and chemical composition of the binder were studied using a scanning electron microscope coupled with an energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The environmental leaching behavior of both fractions before and after alkali activation was assessed according to the EN 12457‐2 standard. The results showed that both fractions consisted of fayalite, magnetite crystalline phases, and MgO‐SiO2‐FeOx (‐CaO‐Al2O3) glass phase. However, FF had a higher glass content (63 wt.%) in comparison to CF (39 wt.%), and, consequently, FF was more reactive under alkali activation, as evidenced by faster reaction kinetics, faster strength development, and improved microstructural properties. Alkali‐activated samples had differences in the chemical compositions of their binder gels at early stages, though later, their binders became increasingly homogenous and consisted of an Na‐K‐Fe‐Si gel with Mg, Ca, and Al as minor constituents in both samples. Additionally, the leaching behavior of potentially toxic metals and substances from precursors and alkali‐activated samples prepared was below the limits set for paved structures as specified by Finnish legislation.
Sechs Motoren an einem Umrichter
Authors: Mau Gunthart
Published: October 2021

Seit über 50 Jahren stellt die Firma Märkische Faser in Premnitz unter dem Markennamen „Grisuten“ eine vielseitig einsatzbare Polyesterfaser her. Im Zuge einer grundlegenden Modernisierung erhielt der Service von SEW‐Eurodrive den Auftrag, für die Spinnpumpenstraße ein neues Antriebssystem zu konzipieren. Das Ergebnis: Höhere Produktivität, niedrigerer Energieverbrauch und eine spürbare Verbesserung der Ressourceneffizienz.
Sicherer Anlagenbetrieb durch Druckstoßuntersuchung
Authors: Höller Stefan
Published: October 2021

Transiente Strömungsvorgänge kommen in jeder hydraulischen Anlage vor und müssen bereits in der Planung berücksichtigt werden. Sind die dabei auftretenden Belastungen nicht bekannt, sind Schäden an der Anlage und damit einhergehende Gefahren sowie Stillstandszeiten oftmals unvermeidbar.
Pumpen für Wärmeträgerölanlage einer Raffinerie
Authors: Kochenburger Nicole
Published: October 2021

Da die Leistung der im Jahr 2007 installierten Wärmeträgerölanlage der Classen Apparatebau Wiesloch infolge von Kapazitätsausbau nicht mehr ausreichte, bestellte ein Raffineriebetreiber eine zweite Anlage. Das heiße Medium fördern hier nun Non‐Seal Pumpen von Lewa. Sie eignen sich besonders in der HT‐Ausführung mit externer Kühlflüssigkeit für die Förderung von heißen Flüssigkeiten wie dem Wärmeträgeröl. Das Öl erreicht eine Temperatur von 400°C, wobei der spezielle Aufbau Leckagen verhindert und Sicherheit für die Bediener gewährleistet.
Öl im Tanklager zuverlässig fördern
Authors: Tekneyan Mikael
Published: October 2021

Der internationale Warenverkehr hält die Welt in Schwung. Damit Con–tainerschiffe begehrte Waren an jeden Ort auf dem Globus bringen können, versorgen Tanklager sie stets mit den nötigen Mengen Treibstoff. Bei der Betankung von Schiffen spielen effiziente Verdrängerpumpen besondere Vorteile gegenüber den häufig eingesetzten Kreiselpumpen aus. Das erfuhr auch der Betreiber eines Tanklagers in Texas: Der Wechsel auf Schraubenspindelpumpen von Netzsch erhöhte nicht nur die Zuverlässigkeit, sondern senkt auch langfristig die Energiekosten.
Identification and characterization of rostral ventromedial medulla neurons synaptically connected to the urinary bladder afferents in female rats with or without neonatal cystitis
Authors: Talluri Bhavana , Hoelzel Faith , Medda Bidyut K. , Terashvili Maia , Sanvanson Patrick , Shaker Reza , Banerjee Anjishnu , Sengupta Jyoti N. , Banerjee Banani
Published: October 2021

The neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) play a major role in pain modulation. We have previously shown that early‐life noxious bladder stimuli in rats resulted in an overall spinal GABAergic disinhibition and a long‐lasting bladder/colon sensitization when tested in adulthood. However, the neuromolecular alterations within RVM neurons in the pathophysiology of early life bladder inflammation have not been elucidated. In this study, we have identified and characterized RVM neurons that are synaptically linked to the bladder and colon and examined the effect of neonatal bladder inflammation on molecular expressions of these neurons. A transient bladder inflammation was induced by intravesicular instillation of protamine sulfate and zymosan during postnatal days 14 through 16 (P14–16) followed by pseudorabies virus PRV‐152 and PRV‐614 injections into the bladder and colon, respectively, on postnatal day P60. Tissues were examined 96 h postinoculation for serotonergic, GABAergic, and enkephalinergic expressions using in situ hybridization and/or immunohistochemistry techniques. The results revealed that > 50% of RVM neurons that are synaptically connected to the bladder (i.e., PRV‐152+) were GABAergic, 40% enkephalinergic, and about 14% expressing serotonergic marker tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TpH2). Neonatal cystitis resulted in a significant increase in converging neurons in RVM receiving dual synaptic inputs from the bladder and colon. In addition, neonatal cystitis significantly downregulated vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) with a concomitant increase in TpH2 expression in bladder‐linked RVM neurons, suggesting an alteration in supraspinal signaling. These alterations of synaptic connectivity and GABAergic/serotonergic expressions in RVM neurons may contribute to bladder pain modulation and cross‐organ visceral sensitivity.
DEC: A deep‐learning based edge‐cloud orchestrated system for recyclable garbage detection
Authors: Luo Qianqian , Lin Zhenzhou , Yang Guohua , Zhao Xiaofeng
Published: October 2021

To identify recyclable garbage via the garbage classification is an effective countermeasure for protecting the environment. An automatic classification system supported by image recognition technologies is able to significantly reduce huge human labors of recycling tasks. However, performing the real‐time and accurate garbage detection is not a trivial task. In this article, we present an edge‐cloud framework equipped with deep learning model for recyclable garbage detection. Specifically, we propose to use the deep convolutional neural network for garbage images classification, and thus design the collaborative mechanism between edge devices and the cloud server. As a result, we design and develop a novel recyclable garbage detection system, where scanning garbage images and thus detecting recyclable ones can be completed in real‐time. We validate the performances of the proposed recyclable garbage detection system on 1000 real‐life household garbage images. Experimental results show the overall accuracy of our system reaches nearly 90%, and the time for detection is less than 500 ms.
Effects of Nitrogen Content on the Structural, Mechanical, and Corrosion Properties of ZrN Thin Films Grown on AISI 316L by Radiofrequency Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Azibi Mourad , Saoula Nadia , Madaoui Noureddine , Aknouche Hamid
Published: October 2021

Zirconium nitride films are deposited onto stainless steel AISI 316L and silicon (100) by radio frequency magnetron sputtering at different nitrogen flow ratios [N2/(Ar+N2)] varied between 0 and 0.25). Scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman are used to investigate the surface morphology and microstructure of the thin films. The mechanical and electrochemical properties of all coatings are evaluated and compared with the uncoated AISI 316L to explore the efficiency of surface modification. The XRD and Raman analysis show that all the films are crystalline. This shows that the increased nitrogen content leads to a transformation from hexagonal α‐Zr phase to cubic c‐Zr and then to mixed α‐Zr and face centered cubic c‐ZrN phases. The films deposited with nitrogen flow ratio of 0.2 show the highest hardness of 32.2 GPa. Using the potentiodynamic polarization method, the corrosion behavior of the films is studied in Hank's solution. The comparison between uncoated and coated substrates shows a decrease in corrosion current density for all coated samples.
Molecular imaging in masseter muscle observed by muscle function magnetic resonance imaging and 31P‐magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with a jaw deformity
Authors: Arakawa Masahiro , Kitahara Toru , Inadomi Daisuke , Iikubo Masahiro , Hyakutake Hiroto , Yuasa Kenji , Takahashi Ichiro
Published: October 2021

Background

Skeletal mandibular protrusion would influence to the muscle fatigue of the masticatory muscles. Establishing a diagnostic procedures combining physiological and biochemical information is necessary for quantitative evaluation of masticatory muscle fatigue.

Objective

The transverse relaxation time (T2 time) of muscle functional magnetic resonance imaging (mfMRI), and 31P‐magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) were used to investigate the reliability as parameters for measuring the masseter muscle in patients with skeletal mandibular prognathism.

Method

The subjects were 19 patients diagnosed as skeletal mandibular protrusions and 19 healthy subjects as a control group. Transverse relaxation time (T2 value) determined by mfMRI along with creatine phosphate (PCr) and inorganic phosphorus (Pi) determined by 31P‐MRS before, during, and after clenching were used for molecular imaging of muscle fatigue.

Results

The average T2 value of the patient group was significantly higher than that of the healthy control group at rest. Furthermore, the average T2 value transiently increased in both groups during experimental clenching. The PCr and Pi showed a tendency toward a transient decrease and increases, respectively. The pH in the masseter muscle showed a transient decrease in both groups prior to and following experimental clenching. The pH in the masseter muscle of the patient group was significantly lower than that in the healthy control group at rest and recovery.

Conclusion

We showed mfMRI and 31P‐MRS are useful for evaluating masseter fatigue during clenching, and the masseter muscle in the prognathic patients showed more severe fatigue than the healthy controls.
The pathogenic mechanism of oral bacteria and treatment with inhibitors
Authors: Elgreu Thuraya , Lee Sean , Wen Sabrina , Elghadafi Radwa , Tangkham Thanarut , Ma Yun , Liu Bing , Dibart Serge , Tang Xiaoren
Published: October 2021

Objectives

The objective of this study was to introduce the evidence obtained through extensive research that periodontitis increases risk of many systemic diseases.

Method

Analysis of some oral bacteria (P. gingivalis, T. denticola, T. forsythia, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and F. nucleatum) and its related treatments and mediators by the specific methods (western blot, ELISA, etc).

Results

This article reviews in detail the evidence obtained through extensive research that periodontitis increases risk of many systemic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer's disease. These diseases are known to be associated with some certain specific gram‐negative bacteria as periodontal pathogens, which induce inflammation and related diseases through TLR receptors, kinases, transcriptional factors and other cytokines. We also reviewed the latest research for inhibitors against inflammation and related diseases that have potential to be further applied clinically. In addition, based on a large amount of research evidence, we draw two tables about the mechanism of disease caused by periodontal bacteria, so that readers can easily search and analyze these research results.

Discussion

This review details how the periodontal bacteria and their virulence factors can trigger host immune defense and induce many systemic diseases via inflammation and invasion. This Review also addressed the latest research around inhibitors against inflammation.
Social constructions of conflict and mediation as factors in mediation program decisions
Authors: Hullman Gwen A. , Kwiatkowski Michael J.
Published: October 2021

We argue that social construction theory can be used to inform data gathering techniques before launching a mediation program. Focus groups were consulted to gather attitudes, metaphors, and perceptions of a proposed mediation program. The results influenced decisions about the program structure. The influence of the focus group analysis on revised program structure are shared. Framing programmatic decisions in light of socially constructed ideas of conflict should ensure better program utilization and impact.
Electrical characteristics for triangular resistors–capacitors–inductors network designed on two coats
Authors: Ammar Noemen , Asad Jihad , Jarrar Rabab
Published: October 2021

This work deals with a theoretical study of a triangular electrical lattice built on two layers. First, the auxiliary source notion is introduced for characterizing the potential difference over each electrical element, then the mathematical formalism of the Wave Concept Iterative Process (WCIP) method is developed and adapted to the studied circuit. The method is based on the concept of the incident and reflected waves which are defined from the current and voltage at each branch of the circuit. Two relations connecting the waves are established into two definition domains: a spectral domain using the Kirchhoff laws and the auxiliary source connections and another spatial domain defining the boundary conditions and the circuit design. Hence, a system of two equations is obtained, and it is resolved by an iterative process; the transition between the two domains is ensured by the fast Fourier transform and its inverse. Moreover, the equivalent impedance between the feeding source and the nodes of the bottom layer has been calculated. Among the numerical simulation methods, this method has demonstrated its performance for analyzing various designs of the networks including resistors–inductors (RL), resistors–capacitors (RC), and resistors–capacitors–inductors (RLC) circuits excited by a lumped voltage source. The effect of the circuit parameters on the electrical currents and equivalent impedance has been studied.
SGLT2 inhibitors and cardiac remodelling: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized cardiac magnetic resonance imaging trials
Authors: Dhingra Nitish K. , Mistry Nikhil , Puar Pankaj , Verma Raj , Anker Stefan , Mazer C. David , Verma Subodh
Published: October 2021

Aims

Recent large randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated efficacy of sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in both preventing and treating heart failure (HF). SGLT2i‐induced reversal of left ventricular remodelling has been proposed as a mechanism contributing to this effect.

Methods and results

We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of RCTs to compare SGLT2i versus placebo (treatment duration >3 months) on cardiac remodelling parameters as measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) in patients with HF and/or diabetes. The PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched until 15 June 2021. Our primary outcome was change in absolute left ventricular mass (LVM) from baseline to study endpoint. Secondary outcomes included changes in LVM indexed to body surface area, left ventricular end‐systolic volume (LVESV), left ventricular end‐diastolic volume (LVEDV), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) from baseline to study endpoint. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool was used to assess risk of bias. Five studies representing 408 patients were included. SGLT2i was associated with greater LVM regression compared to placebo (MD, −5.76 g; 95% CI, −10.87 g to −0.64 g, I2 = 73%; overall effect, P < 0.03; four RCTs). Statistical subgroup differences were not observed in our sensitivity analysis focusing on HF with reduced ejection fraction (P = 0.37) and were observed in our sensitivity analysis focusing on diabetes (P < 0.001). SGLT2i was not associated with statistical changes in LV mass indexed to body surface area (I2 = 75%; P = 0.16; five RCTs), LVESV (I2 = 87%; P = 0.07; five RCTs), LVEDV (I2 = 81%; P = 0.20; five RCTs), nor LVEF (I2 = 85%; P = 0.19; five RCTs) versus placebo. Sixty per cent of RCTs had low risk of bias.

Conclusions

Sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors treatment was associated with a reduction in left ventricular mass as assessed by cMRI.
Insight into pain syndromes in acute phase of mild‐to‐moderate COVID‐19: Frequency, clinical characteristics, and associated factors
Authors: Oguz‐Akarsu Emel , Gullu Gizem , Kilic Erhan , Dinç Yasemin , Ursavas Ahmet , Yilmaz Emel , Zarifoglu Mehmet , Karli Necdet ,   Pandemic Study Team
Published: October 2021

Background

Pain has been frequently described as a clinical feature of COVID‐19, and the main pain syndromes that have been associated with the acute phase of this disease so far are headache, myalgia, arthralgia, and neuropathic pain. Understanding the characteristics of pain symptoms is crucial for a better clinical approach.

Methods

Patients who were diagnosed as having COVID‐19 using reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction were included in the study. Patients were asked to complete a 51‐item questionnaire via a phone interview, which included questions on demographics, acute COVID‐19 symptoms, the presence of pain symptoms, and their characteristics in the acute phase of COVID‐19.

Results

A total of 222 out of 266 patients with COVID‐19 participated in the study, yielding a response rate of 83.5%. A total of 159 patients reported at least one kind of pain syndrome with a prevalence of 71.6%. Myalgia was reported in 110 (49.6%) patients, headache in 109 (49.1%), neuropathic pain symptoms in 55 (24.8%), and polyarthralgia in 30 (13.5%) patients. A total of 66 patients reported only one type of pain, 46 reported two types, 42 reported three types, and five patients reported all four types of pain. Logistic regression analysis showed that there were significant associations between these pain syndromes and a strong association was found between neuropathic pain and headache.

Conclusion

Pain is a frequently observed symptom of mild‐to‐moderate COVID‐19. There are significant relationships between pain syndromes in COVID‐19, which may be due to a sequence of common etiologic factors.

Significance

This study described the main pain syndromes associated acute phase of mild‐to‐moderate COVID‐19 and its associated features. Headaches and pain of neuropathic characteristics were prevalent in this sample.
In vitro electrochemical assays for vascular cells and organs
Authors: Utagawa Yoshinobu , Hiramoto Kaoru , Nashimoto Yuji , Ino Kosuke , Shiku Hitoshi
Published: October 2021

Vascular form vascular organs and the walls of blood vessels play a crucial role in transporting nutritive compounds and drugs. Vascular cells also release factors required to maintain the homeostasis of the organs. Since cancer cells travel from tumors to secondary sites during metastasis through the vasculature, it is important to investigate the interactions of vascular and cancer cells. In vitro vascular models, including endothelial cell monolayers, tubular structures in three‐dimensional culture scaffolds, and microfluidic cultures, have been developed to facilitate research on drug discovery and in‐depth disease mechanisms. In addition to the common optical methods proposed for the evaluation of these models, electrochemical assays have been applied for evaluating cell activities and drug effects owing to their numerous advantages such as low invasion, real‐time detection, or high sensitivity and selectivity. The present review focuses on electrochemical assays related to vascular model structure and function. First, we summarize strategies for the electrochemical detection of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species; assessment of endothelial cell barrier integrity using transepithelial electrical resistance measurements; endothelial permeability measurement using electrochemical tracers; evaluation of respiration activity, topography, and mRNA expression via electrochemical collection. We further discuss the methods for electrochemical cell analysis in detail, along with the variety of electrochemical systems available for these purposes, including microfluidic devices and electrochemical scanning probe microscopes. Finally, we conclude our review and propose perspectives for research that are likely to become relevant in the field.
Modeling of rocking frames under seismic loading
Authors: Diamantopoulos Spyridon , Fragiadakis Michalis
Published: October 2021

A novel modeling approach for the seismic response assessment of rocking frames is presented. Rocking frames are systems with columns that are allowed to fully, or partially, uplift. Despite the apparent lack of a mechanism to resist lateral forces, they have a remarkable capacity against earthquake loading. Rocking frames are found in old structures, for example, ancient monuments, but it is also a promising design concept for modern structures such as bridges or buildings. The proposed modeling can be implemented in a general‐purpose structural analysis software, avoiding the difficulties that come with the need of formulating and solving specifically tailored differential equations, or the use of detailed computational models. Different configurations of a rocking portal frame problem are examined. The model is based on rigid, or flexible, beam elements that describe the members of the frame. Negative‐stiffness rotational springs are smartly positioned at the rocking interfaces in order to simulate the rocking restoring moment, while the mass and the rotational moment of inertia are considered either lumped or distributed. Both the cases of rigid and flexible piers/columns are discussed, while it is shown that frames with restrained columns can be considered in a straightforward manner. A simple alternative based on an equivalent oscillator that follows the generalized rocking equation of motion is also investigated. The efficiency and the accuracy of the proposed modeling is demonstrated with the aid of carefully chosen case studies.