bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kadar Glukosa Darah Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus L.) pada Periode Laktasi Setelah Pemberian Suplemen Telur Puyuh Organik
Authors: Riandika Citra , Saraswati Tyas Rini , Isdadiyanto Sri
Published: October 2021

Periode kebuntingan pada hewan membutuhkan nutrisi yang banyak sebagai akibat dari pemenuhan gizi indukan dan embrio. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis pengaruh suplementasi telur puyuh organik terhadap kadar glukosa darah Rattus norvegicus L saat laktasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan 20 ekor Rattus norvegicus L betina terdiri atas 5 perlakuan dengan 4 kali ulangan. Perlakuan pada penelitian ini terdiri atas T0:  Rattus norvegicus L kontrol; T1: Rattus norvegicus L diberi suplemen telur yang diproduksi puyuh yang diberi pakan komersial; T2: Rattus norvegicus L diberi suplemen  telur yang diproduksi puyuh yang diberi pakan organik standar; T3: Rattus norvegicus L diberi suplemen telur yang diproduksi puyuh yang diberi pakan organik yang mengandung daun singkong, ikan kembung dan kunyit, dan T4: Rattus norvegicus L diberi suplemen telur yang diproduksi puyuh yang diberi pakan organic yang mengandung daun singkong, rumput laut, dan kunyit. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) . Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan  Analysis of Variance (Anova) pada taraf signifikansi 5%. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi telur puyuh organik yang tidak memberikan pengaruh (P<0.05) terhadap kadar glukosa darah. Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa kadar glukosa darah tikus putih pada periode laktasi setelah pemberian suplemen telur puyuh organik berada pada taraf normal sehingga suplemen telur puyuh organik baik dikonsumsi pada periode laktasi. Kata kunci : laktasi, telur, glukosa
Potensi Autoalelopati Ekstrak Daun Kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata L.)
Authors: Ziadaturrif’ah Diah , Darmanti Sri , Budihastuti Rini
Published: October 2021

Kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata L.) merupakan salah satu gulma yang memiliki senyawa alelokimia yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan tanaman yang ada disekitarya, baik yang sejenis maupun yang berbeda sejenis. Karena kemapuan yang dimiliki tersebut, diduga kirinyuh  berpotensi digunakan sebagai herbisida alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak air daun kirinyuh pada konsentrasi yang berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan gulma yang sama, yaitu kirinyuh dan menentukan konsentrasi ekstrak air daun kirinyuh yang menyebabkan penghambatan pertumbuhan terbesar pada gulma kirinyuh. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL)  faktor tunggal berupa  konsentrasi ekstrak air daun  kirinyuh yaitu  0%, 10%, 20%, 30% dan 40%. Masing-masing perlakuan dengan lima ulangan. Parameter yang diamati adalah pertumbuhan vegetative meliputi : tinggi tanaman, panjang akar, bobot basah akar dan tajuk, bobot kering akar dan tajuk, luas daun, jumlah daun, kandungan klorofil a, klorofil b, klorofil total, karotenoid serta lebar mulut  stomata. Data dianalisis dengan Analisys of Variance (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) pada taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian  menunjukkan bahwa  ekstrak daun kirinyuh bersifat autoalelopati yaitu menghambat semua parameter  pertumbuhan vegetatif yang diukur, semakin tinggi kosentrasi ekstrak dari 10% sampai 40% penghambatan pertumbuhan semakin kuat. Kata kunci:  autoalelokimia, bioherbisida, gulma, kirinyuh, Chromolaena odorata L.
Invigorasi Benih Kelor (Moringa oleifera) dengan Berbagai Konsentrasi dan Jenis ZPT Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Bobot Biomasa
Authors: Sucianto Yanu Andria , Sutarno Sutarno , Anwar Syaiful
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perlakuan invigorasi dengan menggunakan zat pengatur tumbuh terhadap viabilitas benih kelor setelah mengalami penyimpanan dan mengetahui konsentrasi yang tepat untuk invigorasi pada benih kelor. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial 3x2 dengan 5 kali ulangan. Faktor pertama yaitu konsentrasi  ZPT (zat pengatur tumbuh) yang terdiri atas 3 taraf yaitu D0: 0 ppm, D1: 50 pm, D2:100 ppm. Faktor kedua yaitu jenis zat pengatur tumbuh yang  terdiri atas 2 jenis yaitu M1: (Giberelin Acid) GA3, M2: (Naphthalene Acetic Acid) NAA. Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian ini terbagi atas parameter perkecambahan benih dan parameter pertumbuhan bibit. Paremeter perkecambahan yaitu daya kecambah, potensi tumbuh maksimum, tinggi kecambah, panjang akar kecambah, kecepatan berkecambahan dan parameter pertumbuhan bibit yaitu jumlah daun, diameter batang, tinggi tanaman, bobot biomasa basah dan bobot biomasa kering. Data dianalisis ragam (uji F) dan dilanjut dengan Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan hormon GA3 pada benih kelor lebih responsif dari penggunaan hormon NAA pada hampir semua parameter yang diamati. Kata kunci : kelor, zat pengatur tumbuh, pertumbuhan
Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus) Akibat Pemberian POC Terfermentasi MOL dan Pukan Sapi yang Berbeda
Authors: Istiyana Istiyana , Budiyanto S , Slamet W
Published: October 2021

Keberadaan limbah kulit pisang sangat mengganggu selain dapat membuat lingkungan menjadi kotor juga dapat menimbulkan bau busuk apabila sudah tertimbun lama. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh MOL ikan rucah dalam Pupuk Organik Cair (POC) kulit pisang serta pemberian pupuk kandang sapi terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman okra. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial. Faktor pertama adalah pemberian MOL yaitu 0 ml (A0), 5 ml (A1) dan 10 ml (A2). faktor kedua adalah pelakuan penambahan pupuk kandang sapi yaitu 350 g/polybag (P1), 400 g/polybag (P2) dan 450 g/polybag (P3). Tiap unit perlakuan dengan tiga kali ulangan, parameter yang diamati yaitu jumlah daun, diameter batang, umur berbunga, persentase bunga menjadi buah, diameter buah, jumlah buah, dan berat buah. Data analisis ragam (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) untuk melihat beda antar perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan penambahan dosis MOL pada pemupukan 400 g N/Polybag menaikan jumlah daun, diameter batang, diameter buah, jumlah buah dan berat buah tanaman Okra. Perlakuan dosis pemupukan pukan sapi 400 g N/Polybag dengan penambahan MOL 5 ml menghasilkan hasil paling tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif paling baik untuk usaha budidaya tanaman Okra. Kata kunci : kulit pisang, ikan rucah
Kualitas Madu Lokal Berdasarkan Kadar Air, Gula Total dan Keasaman dari Kabupaten Magelang
Authors: Adityarini Devi , Suedy Sri Widodo Agung , Darmanti Sri
Published: October 2021

Madu merupakan cairan alami yang dihasilkan oleh lebah madu,berasal dari nektar bunga atau bagian lain dari tumbuhan. Madu dinyatakan memiliki kualitas baik apabila memenuhi standar kualitas madu. Kualitas madu dapat ditentukan berdasarkan kadar air, gula dan keasaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas madu lokal di Kabupaten Magelang. Pengambilan sampel secara purposive sampling dari lima wilayah Kabupaten Magelang, yaitu Desa Kaliurang, Ringinanom, Kaliabu, Munggangsari, danKebonrejo. Penentuan kadar air dan gula total dengan metode refraktometri, sedangkan keasaman dengan metode titrasi asam-basa. Analisis kadar air, gula total, keasaman dibandingkan dengan standar kualitas madu. Hasil uji kualitas madu menunjukkan nilai kadar air berkisar antara 20,72-31,72%, gula total 66,33-77,89˚Brix, keasaman 37,12-271,35 ml NaOH/kg di mana kualitas madu Desa Kaliurang dan Desa Munggangsari telah memenuhi standar SNI 01-3545-2013 dan  U.S. Patent Application Publication.
Pengaruh Suplementasi Tepung Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera Lam.) untuk Mendukung Produksi Telur Itik Pengging (Anas platyrhyncos)
Authors: Mas'adah Siti Murni , Kasiyati Kasiyati , Djaelani Muhammad Anwar , Sunarno Sunarno
Published: October 2021

Daun kelor mengandung berbagai macam asam amino esensial dan kaya akan antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh tepung daun kelor terhadap produksi telur itik pengging. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas 5 perlakuan dengan 4 kali ulangan dan setiap ulangan berisi 3 ekor itik, yaitu kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan pakan basal yang diberi imbuhan tepung daun kelor 2,5; 5; 7,5; dan 10%. Pengukuran variabel penelitian dilakukan setiap satu minggu dan diukur selama tiga minggu. Data dianalisis dengan ANOVA satu arah yang dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan pada taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa imbuhan tepung daun kelor pada pakan itik pengging memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan pada produksi telur (p<0,05). Imbuhan tepung daun kelor dengan konsentrasi 2,5 dan 10% pada itik pengging mampu meningkatkan persentase produksi telur duck day, masing-masing sebesar 45,34% dan 39,71% dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (tepung daun kelor 0%). Hasil analisis kualitas kerabang telur untuk warna dan ketebalan pada setiap perlakuan tidak berbeda nyata (p>0,05), sedangkan untuk bobot kerabang menunjukan hasil yang signifikan (p<0,05). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah imbuhan tepung daun kelor dengan konsentrasi 2,5 dan 10% pada pakan itik pengging dapat meningkatkan produksi telur tanpa merubah kualitas kerabang telur.
Senyawa pada Serbuk Rimpang Kunyit (Curcuma longa L.) yang Berpotensi sebagai Antioksidan
Authors: Suprihatin Teguh , Rahayu Sri , Rifa'i Muhaimin , Widyarti Sri
Published: October 2021

Tanaman kunyit secara tradisional sudah sejak lama banyak digunakan sebagai tanaman obat. Negara India dan China menggunakan tanaman kunyit untuk mengobati penyakit empedu, selesma, batuk, diabetes, rematik, sinusitis, penyakit kulit, infeksi parasit, inflamasi, dan biliary disorders. Potensi tanaman kunyit sebagai tanaman obat menimbulkan ide untuk melakukan penelitian yang bertujuan mengetahui kandungan senyawa pada serbuk rimpang kunyit yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menganalisis kandungan senyawa pada serbuk rimpang kunyit (turmeric powder) menggunakan metode LC-MS dan dilanjutkan dengan menganalisis senyawa yang terkandung pada serbuk rimpang kunyit yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan dengan metode in silico. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 49 senyawa aktif yang ditemukan pada serbuk rimpang kunyit, kurkumin adalah senyawa dengan konsentrasi paling tinggi dibandingkan dengan senyawa yang lain yaitu sebesar 7,798%. Sedangkan senyawa yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan berdasarkan analisis in silico diperoleh 11 senyawa yaitu Ascorbic acid, Quercetin, β Carotene, Arabinose, Bis Demethoxycurcumin, Demethoxycurcumin, Curcumin, Caffeic acid, Cinnamic acid, Letestuianin A, dan Calebin A. Kata kunci: turmeric powder, kurkumin, LC-MS, in silico
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Daun Lakum (Cayratia trifolia L.) dan Buah Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) terhadap Bobot Tubuh dan Bobot Lemak Abdominal Rattus norvegicus L. Strain Wistar Jantan Hiperlipidemia
Authors: Setiawan Raditya , Saraswati Tyas Rini , Tana Silvana
Published: October 2021

Daun lakum (Cayratia trifolia) dan buah kersen (Muntingia calabura) mengandung senyawa flavonoid, terpenoid, steroid dan kaya akan antioksidan. Beberapa senyawa antioksidan seperti squalene, nimbidin dan saponin berpotensi meningkatkan metabolisme HDL dalam tubuh sehingga dapat mengurangi timbunan lemak tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan bobot badan dan bobot lemak abdominal tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) strain wistar jantan hiperlipidemia setelah pemberian jus buah kersen dan ekstrak etanol daun lakum. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang teridiri atas 5 perlakuan dengan 4 kali ulangan, yaitu kelompok kontrol, kelompok pakan hiperlipid positif, kelompok pemberian pakan jus kersen, kelompok pemberian pakan ekstrak lakum dan kelompok pemberian simvastatin. Pakan hiperlipid diberikan selama enam minggu, dimulai dari tikus umur tiga bulan. Pengukuran variable bobot badan diukur tiap minggu dan bobot lemak abdominal di akhir penelitian. Data dianalisis dengan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) yang dilanjutkan dengan Uji Duncan pada taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pemberian tambahan jus buah kersen dan ekstrak etanol daun lakum memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan pada bobot badan dan bobot lemak abdominal (p<0,05) Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan  bahwa pemberian jus buah kersen dan ekstrak etanol daun lakum pada tikus putih jantan hiperlipidemia tidak berpotensi menurunkan bobot badan, namun berpotensi menurunkan bobot lemak abdominal. Kata kunci : Cayratia trifolia, Muntingia calabura, antioksidan, bobot badan, bobot lemak abdominal
Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Kedelai Hitam (Glycine max L. Merill) pada Berbagai Jenis Pupuk Kandang dan Konsentrasi Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria
Authors: Murtinah Murtinah , Fuskhah Eny , Darmawati Adriani
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh penggunaan jenis pupuk kandang dan berbagai konsentrasi plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi kedelai hitam (Glycine max L. Merill). Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap pola faktorial. Faktor pertama adalah jenis pupuk kandang (tanpa pupuk, pupuk kandang ayam dan pupuk kandang kambing) dan faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi PGPR (PGPR komersial 5 ml/l air, 0 ml/l air, 5 ml/l air, 12,5 ml/l air, dan 20 ml/l air). Parameter pertumbuhan yang diamati meliputi tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun. Parameter produksi yang diamati yaitu jumlah polong, berat polong dan bobot 100 biji. Data dianalisis dengan analisis ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak berganda Duncan (Duncan’s Multiple Range Test). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jenis pupuk kandang mampu meningkatkan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah polong, berat polong dan bobot 100 biji. Peningkatan konsentrasi PGPR hanya meningkatkan tinggi tanaman. Tidak menunjukkan adanya interaksi antara jenis pupuk kandang dan konsentrasi PGPR dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produksi kedelai hitam. Kata kunci : pupuk kandang ayam, pupuk kandang kambing, PGPR, kedelai hitam
Krzątanina Brach-Czainy – myślenie ciałem. Między metaforą a wiedzą
Authors: Przymuszała Beata
Published: October 2021

The article presents problems with the interpretation of the category of everyday life in the essays by Jolanta Brach-Czaina.The „krzątactwo” metaphor changes thinking about the reality around us. The „krzątctwo” as a form of being in the world combines corporeality with reflection, challenging strong boundaries between disciplines.
Józef Czapski: ciało – osoba – twarz
Authors: Krakowiak Małgorzata
Published: October 2021

This article is dedicated to analysis of Józef Czapski’s different carnality aspects in his works and personal documents (letters, diary memos). Czapski was a painter, painting theoretician as well essayist and diarist. In every discipline mentioned the most important factor was personal experience – contact with nature, feeling of world carnality. The article shows (basing on works referring to the period of war) how Czapski expressed his attitude to his and others suffering. From the letters and personal memos excavated fragments illustrating the process of growing old – hidden but affecting 50 years old Czapski (he died when 97) The last part is dedicated to Czapski’s blindness and the way he was able to save the dignity of the human who’s body is in the process of irreparable destruction (blindness, dementia).
Speculum Saxonum and Ius Municpale as Sources of Law in the Works of Tucholczyk
Authors: Bojarski Władysław
Published: October 2021

The paper is an English translation of Speculum Saxonum i Ius munici-pale jako źródła prawa w dziełach Tucholczyka by Władysław Bojarski, published originally in Polish in “Annales Universtitatis Nicoli Coper-nici. Prawo” in 1987. The text is published as a part of a jubilee edition of the “Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review. 100th Anniversary of the Faculty of Law and Administration” devoted to the achievements of the late Professors of the Faculty of Law and Administration of the Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań.
Precedents as a Source of Land Law in Poland’s Past
Authors: Lesiński Bogdan
Published: October 2021

The paper is an English translation of Prejudykaty jako źródło prawa ziemskiego w dawnej Polsce by Bogdan Lesiński published originally in “Czasopismo Prawno-Historyczne” from 1990. The text is published as a part of a jubilee edition of the “Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review. 100th Anniversary of the Faculty of Law and Administration” devoted to the achievements of the late Professors of the Faculty of Law and Administration of the Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań.
Responsibility for Currency in an Occupied Territory
Authors: Skubiszewski Krzysztof
Published: October 2021

The paper is an English translation of the chapter Odpowiedzialność za pieniądz na terytorium okupowanym from Pieniądz na terytorium okupowanym. Studium prawnomiędzynarodowe ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem praktyki niemieckiej by Krzysztof Skubiszewski published originally in Polish by Instytut Zachodni Publishing House in 1960. The text is published as a part of a jubilee edition of the Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review “100th Anniversary of the Faculty of Law and Administration” devoted to the achievements of the late Professors of the Faculty of Law and Administration of the Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań.
Efficacy and safety of Ayurveda interventions for sinusitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ahmad Azeem , Gundeti Manohar S. , Dave Parth P. , Jameela Sophia , Khanduri Shruti , Rao Bhogavalli Chandrashekhar , Srikanth Narayanam
Published: October 2021

Objectives

To provide a broad evaluation of the efficacy and safety of Ayurveda interventions for the management of sinusitis.

Methods

Five electronic databases for published research articles, three databases for the dissertation/doctoral thesis works, clinical trial registries, and hand searches were done till May 2021. All comparative clinical trials recruiting sinusitis patients of any age group, receiving Ayurveda intervention, regardless of forms, dosages, and ingredients, for not less than one week were included. The data extraction and the risk of bias (RoB) assessment were done by two reviewers independently.

Results

A total of 2,824 records were identified, of which 09 randomized parallel arms trials met inclusion criteria. No studies were found comparing Ayurveda vs. placebo or non-Ayurveda interventions. Combined Ayurveda therapy (CT) was statistically more beneficial compared with either procedural or non-procedural Ayurveda therapy alone in reducing symptoms nasal discharge (standardized MD −0.71, 95% CI −1.16 to −0.26, I
2 58%, 210 participants) and headache (standardized MD −0.44, 95% CI −0.86 to −0.02, I
2 56%, 218 participants), however, no significant difference was found in reducing symptoms nasal obstruction and loss of smell. No data related to the safety of Ayurveda intervention was found. All the trials (09) were having ‘high’ to ‘some concern’ overall bias.

Conclusions

Although individual studies appeared to produce positive results, very low certainty of total effect hindered to arrive at any conclusion regarding efficacy or safety of Ayurveda interventions for sinusitis. There is a need for well-designed-executed-reported clinical studies on clinically relevant outcomes.

Trial registration mumber

CRD42018103995
Effects of Music on Resistance Exercise Performance: A Narrative Review
Authors: Grgic Jozo
Published: October 2021

This review aimed to summarize and critically evaluate the research on the effects of music on resistance exercise performance. Research in the field has consistently demonstrated an ergogenic effect of music on resistance exercise performance. Specifically, studies have reported that listening to music pre-exercise or during exercise may enhance handgrip strength, muscle endurance, velocity, and power. Although a performance-enhancing benefit has been observed in many (but not all studies), several factors such as music tempo, volume, and genre preference may modulate the ergogenic effect of music. An ergogenic effect is commonly reported with faster tempo music (>120 bpm) set to muscle volume of 70–80 decibels. Using individual preference regarding music genre seems to produce the most consistent performance-enhancing effect. Besides these factors, lyrical content, harmony, and melody are also factors that may determine the ergogenic potential of music. By using some of the recommendations outlined herein, individuals may harness and optimize the ergogenic effects of music on resistance exercise performance.
Neurokinin B-Expressing Neurons of the Central Extended Amygdala Mediate Inhibitory Synaptic Input onto Melanin-Concentrating Hormone Neuron Subpopulations
Authors: Fujita Akie , Zhong Lily , Antony Monica S. , Chamiec-Case Elizabeth , Mickelsen Laura E. , Kanoski Scott E. , Flynn William F. , Jackson Alexander C.
Published: October 2021

The lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) is a highly conserved brain region critical for maintaining physiological homeostasis and goal-directed behavior. LHA neurons that express melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) are key regulators of arousal, energy balance, and motivated behavior. However, cellular and functional diversity among LHAMCHneurons is not well understood. Previous anatomic and molecular data suggest that LHAMCHneurons may be parsed into at least two distinct subpopulations, one of which is enriched in neurokinin-3 receptor (NK3R), the receptor for neurokinin B (NKB), encoded by theTac2gene. This tachykininergic ligand-receptor system has been implicated in reproduction, fear memory, and stress in other brain regions, but NKB interactions with LHAMCHneurons are poorly understood. We first identified how LHAMCHsubpopulations may be distinguished anatomically and electrophysiologically. To dissect functional connectivity between NKB-expressing neurons and LHAMCHneurons, we used Cre-dependent retrograde and anterograde viral tracing in maleTac2-Cre mice and identifiedTac2/EYFP+ neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and central nucleus of the amygdala, the central extended amygdala, as major sources of NKB input onto LHAMCHneurons. In addition to innervating the LHA, these limbic forebrain NKB neurons also project to midbrain and brainstem targets. Finally, using a dual-virus approach, we found that optogenetic activation of these inputs in slices evokes GABA release onto a subset of LHAMCHneurons but lacked specificity for the NK3R+ subpopulation. Overall, these data define parallel tachykininergic/GABAergic limbic forebrain projections that are positioned to modulate multiple nodes of homeostatic and behavioral control.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe LHA orchestrates fundamental behavioral states in the mammalian hypothalamus, including arousal, energy balance, memory, stress, and motivated behavior. The neuropeptide MCH defines one prominent population of LHA neurons, with multiple roles in the regulation of homeostatic behavior. Outstanding questions remain concerning the upstream inputs that control MCH neurons. We sought to define neurochemically distinct pathways in the mouse brain that may communicate with specific MCH neuron subpopulations using viral-based retrograde and anterograde neural pathway tracing and optogenetics in brain slices. Here, we identify a specific neuropeptide-defined forebrain circuit that makes functional synaptic connections with MCH neuron subpopulations. This work lays the foundation for further manipulating molecularly distinct neural circuits that modulate innate behavioral states.
The association of adiponectin with risk of pre-diabetes and diabetes in different subgroups: cluster analysis of a general population in south China
Authors: Gong Xun , You Lili , Li Feng , Chen Qingyu , Chen Chaogang , Zhang Xiaoyun , Zhang Xiuwei , Xuan Wenting , Sun Kan , Lao Guojuan , Wang Chuan , Li Yan , Xu Mingtong , Ren Meng , Yan Li
Published: October 2021

Objective

Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived hormone with an important role in glucose metabolism. The present study explored the effect of adiponectin in diverse population groups on pre-diabetes and newly diagnosed diabetes.

Methods

A total of 3300 individuals were enrolled and their data were collected in the analyses dataset from December 2018 to October 2019. Cluster analysis was conducted based on age, BMI, waistline, body fat, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, and glycosylated hemoglobin 1c. Cluster analysis divided the participants into four groups: a young-healthy group, an elderly-hypertension group, a high glucose–lipid group, and an obese group. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% CIs were calculated using multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results

Compared with the first quartile of adiponectin, the risk of pre-diabetes of fourth quartile was decreased 61% (aOR = 0.39, 95% CI (0.20–0.73)) in the young-healthy group; and the risk of diabetes of fourth quartile was decreased 85% (aOR = 0.15, 95% CI (0.02–0.67)) in the obese group. There were no significant correlations between the adiponectin level and diabetes/pre-diabetes in the other two groups. Additionally, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that adiponectin could significantly improve the diagnosis based on models in the young-healthy group (from 0.640 to 0.675) and the obese group (from 0.714 to 0.761).

Conclusions

Increased adiponectin levels were associated with decreased risk of pre-diabetes in the young-healthy population, and with a decreased the risk of diabetes in the obese population. An increased adiponectin level is an independent protective factor for pre-diabetes and diabetes in a specific population in south China.
The association of elevated serum lipocalin 2 levels with diabetic peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Zhang Xi , Shen Xiurong , Zhou Wan , Xu Mengyun , Xing Yan , Weng Jianping , Ye Shandong , Xu Suowen , Zhang Zhi , Wang Wei
Published: October 2021

A variety of studies have demonstrated the role of lipocalin 2 (LCN2) in both diabetes and neurological disorders. Nevertheless, the relationship between LCN2 and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) needs to be elucidated in humans. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association of LCN2 with DPN in type 2 diabetes (T2D). A total of 207 participants with T2D and 40 participants with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) were included in this study. All participants were classified into DPN group and non-DPN (NDPN) group based on the Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Scoring (TCNS). Demographic and biochemical parameters were measured. Serum LCN2 levels were determined using an ELISA technique. Serum LCN2 levels in NGT group were lower than those in either DPN group (P = 0.000) or NDPN group (P = 0.043), while serum LCN2 levels in DPN group were higher than NDPN group (P = 0.001). Moreover, serum LCN2 levels positively correlated to TCNS scores, which reflects neuropathy severity (r = 0.438, P = 0.000). Multivariate stepwise regression analysis showed that BMI, triglycerides, and diastolic pressure were independently associated with serum LCN2 in DPN. Additionally, logistic regression analysis demonstrated that LCN2 (odds ratio (OR) = 1.009) and diabetes duration (OR = 1.058) were independently associated with the occurrence of DPN in T2D. Our report reveals the association of serum LCN2 with DPN in T2D. LCN2 might be used to evaluate DPN severity and serve a role in the pathogenesis of DPN.
Insulin resistance and risk of vascular events, interventions and mortality in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Helmink Marga A G , de Vries Marieke , Visseren Frank L J , de Ranitz Wendela L , de Valk Harold W , Westerink Jan
Published: October 2021

Objective

To identify determinants associated with insulin resistance and to assess the association between insulin resistance and cardiovascular events, vascular interventions and mortality in people with type 1 diabetes at high risk of cardiovascular disease.

Design

Prospective cohort study.

Methods

One hundred and ninety-five people with type 1 diabetes from the Secondary Manifestations of ARTerial disease (SMART) cohort were included. Insulin resistance was quantified by the estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) with higher eGDR levels indicating higher insulin sensitivity (i.e. lower eGDR levels indicating higher insulin resistance). Linear regression models were used to evaluate determinants associated with eGDR. The effect of eGDR on cardiovascular events, cardiovascular events or vascular interventions (combined endpoint) and on all-cause mortality was analysed using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for confounders.

Results

In 195 individuals (median follow-up 12.9 years, IQR 6.7–17.0), a total of 25 cardiovascular events, 26 vascular interventions and 27 deaths were observed. High eGDR as a marker for preserved insulin sensitivity was independently associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular events (HR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.61–0.91), a lower risk of cardiovascular events and vascular interventions (HR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.63–0.87) and a lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.67–0.98).

Conclusions

Insulin resistance as measured by eGDR is an additional risk factor for cardiovascular disease in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Modification of insulin resistance by lifestyle interventions or pharmacological treatment could be a viable therapeutic target to lower the risk of cardiovascular disease.
CIRCULATING TUMOR CELLS: WHERE WE LEFT OFF?
Authors:   ESC “Institute of Biology and Medicine” Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Kryvoshlyk I.
Published: October 2021

Cancer metastasis and recurrence are the leading causes of cancer-related death. Tumor cells which leave the primary or secondary tumors and shed into the bloodstream are called circulating tumor cells (CTC). These cells are the key drivers of cancer dissemination to surrounding tissues and to distant organs. The use of CTC in clinical practice necessitates the deep insight into their biology, as well as into their role in cancer evasion of immune surveillance, tumor resistance to chemo- radio- and immunotherapies and metastatic dormancy. Aim. The purpose of the work was to review the current knowledge on the CTC biology, as well as the prospects for their use for the diagnosis and targeted treatment of metastatic disease. Methods. The work proposed the integrative literature review using MEDLINE, Biological Abstracts and EMBASE databases. Results. This review summarizes and discusses historical milestones and current data concerning СTС biology, the main stages of their life cycle, their role in metastatic cascade, clinical prospects for their use as markers for the diagnosis and prognostication of the disease course, as well as targets for cancer treatment. Conclusions. Significant progress in the area of CTC biology and their use in cancer theranostics convincingly proved the attractiveness of these cells as targets for cancer prognosis and therapy. The effective use of liquid biopsy with quantitative and phenotypic characteristics of CTCs is impeded by the imperfection of the methodology for taking biological material and by the lack of reliable markers for assessing the metastatic potential of CTCs of various origins. The variety of mechanisms of tumor cells migration and invasion requires the development of complex therapeutic approaches for anti-metastatic therapy targeting CTCs. Efforts to address these key issues could help developing new and effective cancer treatment strategies.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF HYPOXIC STATES IN THE HEART MUSCLE AT VIRAL DAMAGE
Authors:   V. M. Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Aralova N. I.
Published: October 2021

The main complications of organism damaged by SARS-CoV-2 virus are various cardiovascular system lesions. As a result, the secondary tissue hypoxia is developed and it is relevant to search the means for hypoxic state alleviation. Mathematical modeling of this process, followed by the imitation of hypoxic states development, and subsequent correction of hypoxia at this model may be one of the directions for investigations. Aim. The purpose of this study was to construct mathematical models of functional respiratory and blood circulatory systems to simulate the partial occlusion of blood vessels during viral infection lesions and pharmacological correction of resulting hypoxic state. Methods. Methods of mathematical modeling and dynamic programming were used. Transport and mass exchange of respiratory gases in organism, partial occlusion of blood vessels and influence of antihypoxant were described by the systems of ordinary nonlinear differential equations. Results. Mathematical model of functional respiratory system was developed to simulate pharmacological correction of hypoxic states caused by the complications in courses of viral infection lesions. The model was based on the theory of functional systems by P. K. Anokhin and the assumption about the main function of respiratory system. The interactions and interrelations of individual functional systems in organism were assumed. Constituent parts of our model were the models of transport and mass exchange of respiratory gases in organism, selforganization of respiratory and blood circulatory systems, partial occlusion of blood vessels and the transport of pharmacological substance. Conclusions. The series of computational experiments for averaged person organism demonstrated the possibility of tissue hypoxia compensation using pharmacological substance with vasodilating effect, and in the case of individual data array, it may be useful for the development of strategy and tactics for individual patient medical treatment.
Pottery Complex of the Second Half 13th – First Half 15th Centuries from Excavations in Kamianets-Podilskyi
Authors:   the State Enterprise ", Nechytaylo Pavlo ,   Science Research Centre «Protective Archaeology Service of Ukraine» of Institute of Archaeology of the NASU",   , (Ukraine, Kamianets-Podilskyi), Onohda Olena ,   ‘Mystetskyi Arsenal’ National Art and Culture Museum Complex (Ukraine, Kyiv)
Published: October 2021

The paper analyses ceramics and buildings remains of the second half 13th – first half 15th centuries, coming from excavations in Kamianets-Podilskyi. It aims to introduce materials into scientific circulation, to compare the collection with synchronous objects from adjacent territories, to trace interactions in the material culture development in late medieval towns. Ceramics of the Golden Horde and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania times began to be systematically researched relatively recently in Ukraine. Thus, the materials from Kamianets-Podilskyi contribute to deepening our knowledge of less-known periods in the history of Ukraine and Eastern Europe. Materials analyzed were obtained during rescue archaeological research on the Polish Market square in Kamianets. These were fragmented parts of underground and aboveground building structures, as well as a collection of various household items. Building materials were mostly local clays and loam, less often wood and stone were used. A set of clay ‘roll’ blocks set in one of the pits allows us to assume similarity with the Golden Horde building technologies. Finds of coins and Crimean polychrome bowls fragments also indicate the complex emerged during the Golden Horde period. However, certain groups of pottery and coins of European minting define the complex upper date within the first half 15th century. Diverse ceramic types range from the complex is an interesting local typological phenomenon. It reflects mutual influences of the pottery traditions development both in time and space. After processing artefacts collection, the main groups of pottery were identified according to technological features. Some of them are rooted in the local ancient Rus’ traditions, others were formed under the influence of Western trends, while samples of a ‘specific’ group were common for almost the entire territory of modern Ukraine during Late Middle Ages. Pots collection was preliminary systematized up to 5 most common types selection, based on rim profiles. Many of them have a wide range of analogies, locally from Kamianets, as well as from the Western Ukraine, in Poland, Moldova and Romania. In addition to pots, the collection includes other types of kitchen and tableware, such as makitras, lids, jars and other single samples of ceramics. The typological diversity correlates with the multi-layered processes which took place in Kamianets-Podilskyi life during the Golden Horde and the Lithuanian periods. Materials from the complex, as well as other finds from synchronous objects within the city, deepen our understanding of the city’s development large-scale picture, which, however, requires further research.
Privilege was given to Kamiаnets City by Princes Yuri (George) and Alexander Koriatovych in 1374: Lists and Interpretations
Authors:   Institute of History of Ukraine of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Ukraine, Kyiv), Vashchuk Dmytro
Published: October 2021

The privilege which was given to Kamianets city in Podillia by Princes Yuriy (George) and Alexander Koriatovych in 1374 is quite famous in the scientific community. It is believed that due to this privilege Kamianets received Magdeburg Law. Up to now it only has been preserved in a few lists which were studied in detail by Yu. Sitsinskyi in his work "Podillia under the Rule of Lithuania". According to him two lists were kept in Kamianets Historical and Archaeological Museum: one in the diploma of King August III dated June 17, 1735, the second one in the diploma of King Stanislaw Augustus dated May 29, 1765. Besides in the State Archives of Khmelnytskyi Oblast we managed to come across several lists of this document. We are talking about the fund no. 120 "Podillia Chief Court" which has 4043 units of storage for the period 1796–1831 years. Until 2003 it was stored in Kamianets-Podilskyі City Archive. After the fire which occurred in April 2003 all materials were transported to the State Archives of Khmelnytskyi Oblast and restored. The texts of this privilege are contained in the following cases: 1) Inventory 1, case 3352: The case of lands belonging to the city of Kamianets. Volume 1. It was begun in 1537. It was completed in 1730. It had 240 sheets; 2) Inventory 1, case 1631: concerning the boundaries of Kamianets-Podilskyi city with adjacent possessions and state settlements. Volume 1: It was begun on November, 24 1799. It was completed on June, 11 1800. It had 130 sheets. In the first case we have only one version of the privilege in Polish (no. 1). The document was restored, glued of two parts with an offset of one line. The privilege is dated November 7, 1374. We do not know anything about this list at the moment. In the second case four lists were preserved. Polish versions are on sheets of 20–20 versus (no. 2) and 56–57 versus (no. 3) which had been dated November 7, 1374 and two translations into Russian are on sheets 6–6 versus. (no. 4) 21–22 versus (no. 5) with similar dating. Exactly this case is very interesting since this document had been used in the lawsuit concerning land demarcation in Kamianets-Podilskyi after the capture of Podillia by the Russian Empire in 1793. At the end of the article an academic version of the text privilege in Polish as well as a Russian translation of these archival cases are published.
STATISTICAL OPTIMIZATION OF ALKALINE LIPASE PRODUCTION BY EXTREME HALOPHILIC ARCHEAN NATRIALBA ASIATICA
Authors: Pirghorbani Maryam , Ebrahimi Mehdi
Published: October 2021

In this study, extreme halophilic archean Natrialba asiatica was utilized as a new source for lipase production. Lipases from halophilic archaea are appealing for utilization in assorted industrial and biotechnological applications. The optimum temperature and pH of N. asiatica lipase in the crude mixture were 50 °C and 10, respectively. The growth conditions influencing lipase production were determined using a two-level fractional factorial Plackett–Burman design. Among the 9 factors screened, MgCl2 concentration, temperature, and shaking were found to be effective. The optimum levels of these factors for the production process were determined by employing the central composite design of response surface methodology. The 27 g L-1 of MgCl2, 50 °C, and 133 rpm were determined as optimized conditions for lipase production. The enzyme activity increased from 3.39 to 6.1 U mL-1 using predicted optimum levels. These findings help understanding factors affecting the production of lipase by halo-archean N. asiatica. Moreover, using the optimized level of temperature, shaking, and MgCl2, it is possible to increase the production of valuable alkaline lipase by N. asiatica.
VISIBLE/NEAR-INFRARED (VIS/NIR) SPECTROSCOPY TECHNIQUE TO DETECT GRAY MOLD DISEASE IN THE EARLY STAGES OF TOMATO FRUIT
Authors: Najjar Khadeja , Abu-Khalaf Nawaf
Published: October 2021

Fungal diseases are among the most common problems that affect tomato fruits, especially after harvesting. The early detection of these diseases may save 60% of the losses. Thus, this study aimed to detect the gray mold disease at an early stage on tomato fruits using the non-destructive visible/near-infrared (VIS/NIR) technique. Botrytis. cinerea fungus was isolated and identified using two specific primer sets (C729+/- and BC108+/BC563-). Three tomato varieties were used for this study (i.e. Harver, Izmer and Ekram), 30 samples from each variety, 20 samples were injected with the B. cinerea and 10 samples were left as control/healthy samples. Samples were examined using the VIS/NIR spectroscopy with a range of 550-1100 nm for three days. Thereafter, the data were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA), where the results showed the ability of VIS/NIR to detect the infected samples on the second day of the injection, and before the symptoms appear on the samples. Two PCs explained 99% and 100% of VIS/NIR variance, respectively.
APPLICATION OF D-OPTIMAL MIXTURE DESIGN AND ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK IN OPTIMIZING THE COMPOSITION OF FLOURS FOR PREPARATION OF GLUTEN-FREE BREAD
Authors: Pradhan Dileshwar , Hoque Monjurul , Kumar Singh Sushil , Dwivedi Madhuresh
Published: October 2021

D-optimal Mixture Design (DMD) combined with Numerical optimization (NO) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) combined with Genetic Algorithm (GA) were used in this study to optimize the proportions of pearl millet flour (PMF), red lentil flour (RLF), and mung bean flour (MLF) for preparing gluten-free bread. Based on the value of mean squared error, absolute average deviation and coefficient of determination, the ANN model was found superior to DMD models in predicting the value of responses. The optimum composition of flour obtained using the DMD method was 69.44 g of PMF, 21 g of RLF and 9.56 g of MLF, whereas using the ANN-GA technique, it was 68.25 g of PMF, 23.12 g of RLF and 8.63 g of MLF. Sensory analysis indicated that the bread prepared using these two compositions were in the “like slightly” category in terms of overall acceptability.
LYOPHILIZED AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF PINUS HALEPENSIS (MILL.) RESIN: CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIDERMATOPHYTIC ACTIVITIES
Authors: Zerroug Mohamed Mihoub , Haichour Nora , Mezaache Aichour Samia , Soltani ElKhamsa , Kada Seousen , Martinez José Rodríguez , Angeles Esteban Maria , Nicklin Jane
Published: October 2021

In traditional Algerian medicine, Pinus halepensis (Mill.) resin is used as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, wound healer, for the treatment of respiratory and urinary diseases. In the present study, a lyophilized aqueous extract (LAE) of Pinus halepensis (Mill.) resin is subjected to chemical composition analysis by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS), antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro using 2,2-diphenyl-b,picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and β-carotene bleaching assays. LAE of Pinus halepensis (Mill.) resin was also tested for its potential activity against four dermatophytic fungi: Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton equinum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton tonsurans. Results showed that LAE of Pinus halepensis (Mill.) resin contained 64.57% of aromatic compounds. This extract contains also succinic acid, sugars and alcohol sugars, alkaloids and other compounds that represent respectively 0.58%, 6.45%, 0.87% and 2.05%. The obtained extract exhibited satisfying antioxidant activity with an inhibition percentage of 93.76±0.41 at a concentration of 300 µg/mL and IC50 of 83.64µg/mL by the DPPH method. The tested extract showed also a good antioxidant activity using β-carotene test. At resin concentration of 100 µg/mL antifungal tests showed, inhibition rates of 58.9%, 58.44%, 41.36% and 34.43% against T. tonsurans, T. equinum, T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes respectively. Upon the obtained results, this extract can be used as external treatments for wounds to prevent oxidation and fungal infections.
THE FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF RICE PROTEIN ISOLATE EXTRACTED BY SUBCRITICAL WATER
Authors: Raeisi Ardali Fatemeh , Sharifan Anousheh , Ebrahim zadeh Mousavi Seyed Mohammad Ali , Mortazavian Amir Mohammad , Jannat Behrooz
Published: October 2021

Subcritical water extraction is a unique technique to produce protein isolate from foodstuffs. In this study, the protein isolate from rice bran and rice (in a proportion of 8:92) was treated by subcritical water extraction. The main independent variables in extraction process were: the extraction time (15, 30, 45 min) and the extraction temperature (110, 120, 130 ºC). The Solubility, foaming capacity and foaming stability, emulsifying activity and emulsion stability and the degree of hydrolysis of the rice protein isolate were determined at 120 ºC in different contact time (15, 30, 45 min). The optimum subcritical water extraction condition was obtained at 120 ºC in 45 min. Better functional properties were observed in subcritical water extraction products that indicated this method can be applied as a novel alternative technique to modify the properties of rice proteins isolate for the functional purposes in future.
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF ISOLATED LACTIC ACID BACTERIA FROM DIFFERENT TRADITIONAL DAIRY PRODUCTS OF TRIBES IN THE FARS PROVINCE, IRAN
Authors: JAFARI MARYAM , Shariatifar Nabi , Jahed Khaniki Gholamreza , Sayadi Mehran , Abdollahi Abbas
Published: October 2021

Various traditional dairy products could be considered as an abundant source for Isolation/collection of new lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with unique characteristics. The present researchaimed to investigate the morphological, biochemical and genotypic characterization of dominant lactic acid bacteria that were isolated from traditional dairy products in Iranian tribes . A total of 75 samples of traditional yogurt, doogh from dairy units in Fars province were randomly collected. Isolation of lactic acid bacteria, biochemical and genotypic identification were conducted. Totally, 157 LAB isolates were selected. Cocci and rod shape LAB were 53.50% and 46.49%, respectively. Biochemical tests showed the occurrence of 40.6% of the strains were Streptococcus, 2.25% of the strains were enterococci and 20.3% of the strains were lactococci. Most isolated lactobacilli were related to Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus bulgaricus. Genetically the presence of the following species was verified: Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris, Lactobacillus plantarum, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus helveticus, and Lactobacillus casei. The current study showed that thestrains which were isolated from traditional dairy products were not only appropriatefor use as starter adjuncts or cultures, but also they may provide a valuable gene pool for research and production of commercial starters with specific traits.