bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Next‐generation sequencing reveals that miR‐16‐5p, miR‐19a‐3p, miR‐451a, and miR‐25‐3p cargo in plasma extracellular vesicles differentiates sedentary young males from athletes
Authors: Fernandez‐Sanjurjo Manuel , Pinto‐Hernandez Paola , Dávalos Alberto , Díaz‐Martínez Ángel Enrique , Martín‐Hernández Roberto , Castilla‐Silgado Juan , Toyos‐Rodríguez Celia , Whitham Martin , Amado‐Rodríguez Laura , Muñiz‐Albaiceta Guillermo , Terrados Nicolás , Fernández‐García Benjamín , Iglesias‐Gutiérrez Eduardo
Published: March 2024

A sedentary lifestyle and Olympic participation are contrary risk factors for global mortality and incidence of cancer and cardiovascular disease. Extracellular vesicle miRNAs have been described to respond to exercise. No molecular characterization of young male sedentary people versus athletes is available; so, our aim was to identify the extracellular vesicle miRNA profile of chronically trained young endurance and resistance male athletes compared to their sedentary counterparts. A descriptive case–control design was used with 16 sedentary young men, 16 Olympic male endurance athletes, and 16 Olympic male resistance athletes. Next‐generation sequencing and RT‐qPCR and external and internal validation were performed in order to analyze extracellular vesicle miRNA profiles. Endurance and resistance athletes had significant lower levels of miR‐16‐5p, miR‐19a‐3p, and miR‐451a compared to sedentary people. Taking all together, exercise‐trained miRNA profile in extracellular vesicles provides a differential signature of athletes irrespective of the type of exercise compared to sedentary people. Besides, miR‐25‐3p levels were specifically lower in endurance athletes which defines its role as a specific responder in this type of athletes. In silico analysis of this profile suggests a role in adaptive energy metabolism in this context that needs to be experimentally validated. Therefore, this study provides for the first time basal levels of circulating miRNA in extracellular vesicles emerge as relevant players in intertissue communication in response to chronic exercise exposure in young elite male athletes.
Ferricretes in fluvial archives of a tropical iron province: Records of the Late Quaternary landscape dynamics in the Brazilian Atlantic Plateau
Authors: de Paula Barros Luiz Fernando , de Oliveira Fábio Soares , Magalhães Antônio Pereira , Varajão Angélica Fortes Drummond Chicarino
Published: March 2024

The occurrence of iron‐rich rocks in some areas makes possible the formation of duricrusts in positions from the relief tops to the slopes and valley bottoms, as is the case of the Quadrilátero Ferrífero (QF—‘Iron Quadrangle’) in the Brazilian Atlantic Plateau. This study aimed to analyse these materials in the Late Pleistocene fluvial archives of the QF to contribute to the understanding of the complex processes involved in the evolution of surface coverage in tropical regions. The results showed an essential external iron source for the Fe‐cemented alluvium, that is, they are ferricretes. Two ferricrete facies were identified: plate‐shaped and conglomeratic. They are characterised by the infilling of a primary porous system with crystalline and amorphous ferruginous phases or grain coatings by ferruginous materials. In plate‐shaped ferricretes, the size of the cemented grains differentiates the identified subtypes. Conglomeratic ferricretes can be subdivided into ferruginous and aluminous, and feature two types of cementing microstructures: septary and microlaminar. The results of the X‐ray diffraction analysis of the conglomeratic ferricretes highlight the strong presence of goethite (more common) and hematite. The chemical composition corroborated the mineralogical analysis, with the septa having an average iron‐rich composition. Aluminous conglomeratic ferricretes also occur and are the oldest in the area; their cement is composed mainly of gibbsite. Thus, it can be considered (i) a possible past source area of aluminous sediments or (ii) the in situ deferruginisation of a first level of ferricretes. A certain granulometric control in both ferricrete facies reinforces the importance of transport and deposition during ferricrete genesis. However, the cementing of sediments under supergene conditions and their microstructural variety suggest that their formation and evolution also occurred as a result of lateritic processes. Furthermore, the ferricretes revealed integration with the regional relief evolution, and the conglomeratic ones may be associated with lower rates of drainage incisions in some valleys.
Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Water (2008–2022) and Fish (2015–2022) in The Netherlands: Spatiotemporal Trends, Fingerprints, Mass Discharges, Sources, and Bioaccumulation Factors
Authors: Jonker Michiel T. O.
Published: March 2024

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic synthetic chemicals of concern, which have been detected in nearly all environmental compartments. The present study provides a data analysis on PFAS concentrations in the Dutch inland and coastal national waters and fish sampled from 2008 to 2022 and 2015 to 2022, respectively. Although the fish database is relatively small, the water database is unique because of its temporal dimension. It appears that PFAS are omnipresent in Dutch water and fish, with relatively small spatial differences in absolute and relative concentrations (fingerprints) and few obvious temporal trends. Only perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) aqueous concentrations in the rivers Rhine and Scheldt have substantially decreased since 2012. Still, PFOS concentrations exceed the European water quality standards at all and fish standards at many locations. Masses of PFAS entering the country and the North Sea are roughly 3.5 tonnes/year. Generally, the data suggest that most PFAS enter the Dutch aquatic environment predominantly through diffuse sources, yet several major point sources of specific PFAS were identified using fingerprints and monthly concentration profiles as identification tools. Finally, combining concentrations in fish and water, 265 bioaccumulation factors were derived, showing no statistically significant differences between freshwater and marine fish. Overall, the analysis provides new insights into PFAS bioaccumulation and spatiotemporal trends, mass discharges, and sources in The Netherlands. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:965–975. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Predicting tail risks by a Markov switching MGARCH model with varying copula regimes
Authors: Fülle Markus J. , Herwartz Helmut
Published: March 2024

To improve the dynamic assessment of risks of speculative assets, we apply a Markov switching MGARCH approach to portfolio risk forecasting. More specifically, we take advantage of the flexible Markov switching copula multivariate GARCH (MS‐C‐MGARCH) model of Fülle and Herwartz (2022). As an empirical illustration, we take the perspective of a risk‐averse agent and employ the suggested model for assessments of future risks of portfolios composed of a high‐yield equity index (S&P 500) and two safe‐haven investment instruments (i.e., Gold and US Treasury Bond Futures). We follow recent suggestions to employ the expected shortfall as a prime assessment of tail risks. To accurately evaluate the merits of the new model, we back‐test the risk forecasting for daily returns over 10 years for heterogeneous market environments including, for example, the COVID‐19 pandemic. We find that the MS‐C‐MGARCH model outperforms benchmark volatility models (MGARCH, C‐MGARCH) in predicting both value‐at‐risk and expected shortfall. The superiority of the MS‐C‐MGARCH model becomes stronger, when the share of comparably risky assets in the portfolio is relatively large.
Simultaneous detection of melamine and cyanuric acid using powder X‐ray diffraction
Authors: Paranthaman R. , Moses J. A. , Vidyalakshmi R.
Published: March 2024

A novel, non‐destructive, powder X‐ray diffraction (P‐XRD) approach was developed and validated for the simultaneous detection of melamine (ME) and cyanuric acid (CA). Sample holders, and a range of P‐XRD X‐ray tube parameters (voltage: 25–45 kV; current: 25–45 mA), and scanning conditions (scan step size: 0.006–0.10°; step time: 50–150 s) were experimented at 2θ conditions. Based on the obtained diffraction patterns, the following conditions were optimized: sample holder: reflection‐transmission spinner, tube voltage: 45 kV, tube current: 45 mA, scan step size: 0.006°, and scan step time: 150 s. The crystalline properties were assessed and phase quantification of both ME and CA was performed using Rietveld refinement, aligning to the International Center for Diffraction Data (ICDD) PDF4+ 2023 library. The approach was validated considering repeatability, precision, and linearity, and recovery and stability studies also support the findings. The limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 0.2 to 1 wt. % per phase of powder sample. Then, spiked and real food powder samples were screened for ME and CA. To date, there is no nondestructive technique available to simultaneously detect ME and CA in a single run. The developed P‐XRD approach can find vast applications in quality testing facilities.
Guidelines for Raman spectroscopy and imaging techniques in food safety analysis
Authors: Li Ning , Hussain Nisar , Ding Zhongxiang , Qu Cheng , Li Yuzhu , Chu Leiming , Liu Honglin
Published: March 2024

Ensuring the highest standards of food quality and safety is crucial for maintaining human health. This requires the creation of sophisticated and highly sensitive techniques for detecting and identifying food pollutants. Raman spectroscopy, known for its rapidity, simplicity, sensitivity, and noninvasive characteristics, has become a prominent method in the field of food safety and quality analysis. This review discusses in detail the fundamental principles, instruments, methodology, and data processing techniques of Raman spectroscopy. It specifically emphasizes the practical applications of Raman spectroscopy in assessing foodborne pathogens, toxic gases in spoiled foods, and monitoring the translocation of pesticide in plants. Finally, we discussed the development trend and challenges of Raman spectroscopy in the field of food safety analysis, aiming to provide an accessible and practical guide. This review article equips readers with essential insights into conducting and understanding Raman spectroscopy experiments, thereby contributing to development in the field of food safety analysis.
Appearance quality, nutritional value, and aroma components of wild diguo (Ficus tikoua Bur.) fruit collected from southwest China
Authors: Li Yang , Yan Xu , Hu Juncheng , Wu Zizhou , Du Zhouhe , Wang Honglin , Zuo Yanchun
Published: March 2024

Diguo (Ficus tikoua Bur.), an ancient wild fruit, is widely spread in southwest China. However, there is little information on the phenotypic traits, quality characteristics, and aroma compounds available to diguo fruit. The present study is an investigation into the effects of geographical origin on the phenotypic traits and quality characteristics of wild diguo fruit collected from southwest China. The volatile compounds in the mixed fruit samples were also investigated using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Our results indicated that significant variation existed among the sampling materials in all the phenotypic parameters. Fruit fresh weight ranged between 2.06 and 4.59 g. Moreover, significant variation existed among the selected materials in all macronutrients (dry matter, total soluble solids, crude protein, crude fat, and ash) and some nutritional parameters (glutamate, arginine, total soluble solids, maltose, and mannose, etc.). Regardless of their geographical origin, diguo fruit is relatively low in fat and fructose and high in fiber and glutamate. A total of 95 volatile constituents were identified in the frozen diguo fruit. In conclusion, diguo fruit with rich nutritional attributes has a promising future for commercial‐scale production. The variability of the observed morphological and nutritional features of diguo fruit provides important characteristics for improving the breeding of diguo as a modern fruit crop.
The profession of occupational health and safety technician: Does gender matter?
Authors: Insunza Gaizka , Basañez Aitor , Iradi Jon , Aldasoro Juan Carlos , Cantonnet Maria Luisa
Published: March 2024

Workers' health and safety, and equality between men and women are two of the main challenges currently facing the labor framework in Spain. Despite the fact that the different risks faced by men and women have been widely studied, the way in which gender can affect the working conditions and career development of occupational health and safety (OHS) technicians has hardly been investigated. To delve into this aspect, a study has been carried out by conducting semistructured interviews with six women who work as OHS technicians and a survey among OHS technicians in the Basque Country (Spain) with 124 responses. The results suggest that there are differences between men and women both in the conditions and in the career development of the OHS technician profession. These differences appear in various thematic blocks such as empowerment, recognition, or aspirations. Women tend to be more skeptical than men on gender equality issues such as the idea of equal promotion opportunities for men and women, or the notion that men's and women's ideas are equally valued, or the way in which having children affects men and women's aspirations. It is very important to reduce these gender differences to achieve a more efficient work environment, which can lead to more efficient OHS management.
Economic priorities over population health: A political dilemma in addressing noncommunicable diseases in developing countries
Authors: Max Baraka L. , Mashauri Harold L.
Published: March 2024

The world is observing a rapid shift in the burden of diseases with predominance of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). NCDs contribute to 41 million deaths which is equivalent to 74% of all death globally per year. There is ongoing debate on the approaches to reduce public exposure to NCDs' modifiable risk factors which are of economic potential. As the World Health Organization and the World Bank recommend the implementation of taxation to these factors, still questions arise on the effectiveness, sustainability, and practicality of this strategy. With the ongoing transition globally from consumption of natural to processed foods, it is important to counter‐check the best interventions on how to protect people from unhealthy eating behaviors. While taxation on unhealthy food and other products like tobacco has been recommended as one among interventional approaches, its effectiveness on sugar sweetened beverages is not reliable compared to approaches that increase self‐control. Despite the perceived economic benefits of tobacco and sugar sweetened products, there is detrimental implication in terms of public health. The introduction of taxation which favors public health faces challenges due to conflict of interest from government authorities and other stakeholders. The intertwined relationship between public health and economic development becomes more obvious during implementation of preventive and control measures against modifiable risk factors for NCDs. It is evident that reaching a balanced rational decision on choosing between economic growth and public health is difficult. Countries should enhance both local and international intersectoral and multisectoral approaches in creating integrative policies which include health component in all non‐health policies including economic policies so as to harmonize public health and economic growth during this era of extensive globalization.
Shaping the immune‐suppressive microenvironment on tumor‐associated myeloid cells through tumor‐derived exosomes
Authors: Wang Hongmei , Liu Shanshan , Zhan Jianhao , Liang Yuqing , Zeng Xiaoping
Published: March 2024

Tumor‐associated myeloid cells (TAMCs) play a crucial role in orchestrating the dynamics of the tumor immune microenvironment. This heterogeneous population encompasses myeloid‐derived suppressor cells, tumor‐associated macrophages and dendritic cells, all of which contribute to the establishment of an immunosuppressive milieu that fosters tumor progression. Tumor‐derived exosomes (TEXs), small extracellular vesicles secreted by tumor cells, have emerged as central mediators in intercellular communication within the tumor microenvironment. In this comprehensive review, we explore the intricate mechanisms through which TEXs modulate immune‐suppressive effects on TAMCs and their profound implications in cancer progression. We delve into the multifaceted ways in which TEXs influence TAMC functions, subsequently affecting tumor immune evasion. Furthermore, we elucidate various therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting TEX‐mediated immune suppression, with the ultimate goal of bolstering antitumor immunity.
Childhood trauma and sex addiction among adult men
Authors: Giordano Amanda L. , Hedden Lisa E. , Kim Sung Woo , Lundeen Lindsay A. , Lu Zhenqiu
Published: March 2024

This study explored the relationship between childhood trauma and sex addiction among a sample of adult men (N = 149). Thirty‐eight (25.5%) men screened positive for sex addiction, whereas 111 (74.5%) did not. Using descriptive discriminant analysis, we found that four subscales of early trauma predicted risk of sex addiction group membership to varying degrees, accounting for 22.3% of the variance explained. Sexual and emotional abuse accounted for the most variance explained in the group differences, whereas physical abuse and, to a lesser extent, general trauma also contributed to the group differences. Implications of the study findings are discussed.
Perceptions of family‐of‐origin belief systems among men in treatment for sexual offending: A phenomenological investigation
Authors: Huebner Jessie , Fickling Melissa J.
Published: March 2024

Sexual offending is a public concern and results in lasting detrimental effects. Despite evidence demonstrating the impact of belief systems on sexual offending behaviors, research exploring family belief systems among individuals who perpetrate sexual offenses is limited. This qualitative study explored the lived experiences of 10 cisgender men in outpatient treatment for sexual offending. Following Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), findings indicated a broad range of early experiences for men who have sexually offended. The rich findings that emerged from the lived experiences of the participants are presented in relation to current knowledge, and practice implications are shared.
Resveratrol prevents cognitive deficits induced by sleep deprivation via modulating sirtuin 1 associated pathways in the hippocampus
Authors: Zhang Yue‐Ming , Wei Ru‐Meng , Zhang Jing‐Ya , Liu Shuang , Zhang Kai‐Xuan , Kong Xiao‐Yi , Ge Yi‐Jun , Li Xue‐Yan , Chen Gui‐Hai
Published: March 2024

Accumulating evidence confirms that sleep insufficiency is a high risk factor for cognitive impairment, which involves inflammation and synaptic dysfunction. Resveratrol, an agonist of the Sirt1, has demonstrated anti‐inflammation and neuroprotective effects in models of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia. However, the beneficial effects of resveratrol on sleep deprivation‐induced cognitive deficits and its underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. In the present study, thirty‐two male C57BL/6 J mice were randomly divided into a Control+DMSO group, Control+Resveratrol group, SD+DMSO group, and SD+Resveratrol group. The mice in the SD+Resveratrol group underwent 5 days of sleep deprivation after pretreatment with resveratrol (50 mg/kg) for 2 weeks, while the mice in the SD+DMSO group only underwent sleep deprivation. After sleep deprivation, we evaluated spatial learning and memory function using the Morris water maze test. We used general molecular biology techniques to detect changes in levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and Sirt1/miR‐134 pathway‐related synaptic plasticity proteins. We found that resveratrol significantly reversed sleep deprivation‐induced learning and memory impairment, elevated interleukin‐1β, interleukin‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐α levels, and decreased brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, tyrosine kinase receptor B, postsynaptic density protein‐95, and synaptophysin levels by activating the Sirt1/miR‐134 pathway. In conclusion, resveratrol is a promising agent for preventing sleep deprivation‐induced cognitive dysfunction by reducing pro‐inflammatory cytokines and improving synaptic function via the Sirt1/miR‐134 pathway.
State‐of‐the‐art in transposable element modulation affected by drugs in malignant prostatic cancer cells
Authors: Terrazzan Anna , Vanini Riccardo , Ancona Pietro , Bianchi Nicoletta , Taccioli Cristian , Aguiari Gianluca
Published: March 2024

Over recent years, the investigation of transposable elements (TEs) has granted researchers a deeper comprehension of their characteristics and functions, particularly regarding their significance in the mechanisms contributing to cancer development. This manuscript focuses on prostate carcinoma cell lines and offers a comprehensive review intended to scrutinize the associations and interactions between TEs and genes, as well as their response to treatment using various chemical drugs, emphasizing their involvement in cancer progression. We assembled a compendium of articles retrieved from the PubMed database to construct networks demonstrating correlations with genes and pharmaceuticals. In doing so, we linked the transposition of certain TE types to the expression of specific transcripts directly implicated in carcinogenesis. Additionally, we underline that treatment employing different drugs revealed unique patterns of TE reactivation. Our hypothesis gathers the current understanding and guides research toward evidence‐based investigations, emphasizing the association between antiviral drugs, chemotherapy, and the reduced expression of TEs in patients affected by prostate cancer.
Synergy of machine learning and density functional theory calculations for predicting experimental Lewis base affinity and Lewis polybase binding atoms
Authors: Huynh Hieu , Le Khanh , Vu Linh , Nguyen Trang , Holcomb Matthew , Forli Stefano , Phan Hung
Published: March 2024

Investigation of Lewis acid–base interactions has been conducted by ab initio calculations and machine learning (ML) models. This study aims to resolve two critical tasks that have not been quantitatively investigated. First, ML models developed from density functional theory (DFT) calculations predict experimental BF3 affinity with Pearson correlation coefficients around 0.9 and mean absolute errors around 10 kJ mol−1. The ML models are trained by DFT‐calculated BF3 affinity of more than 3000 adducts, with input features readily obtained by rdkit. Second, the ML models have the capability of predicting the relative strength of Lewis base binding atoms in Lewis polybases, which is either an extremely challenging task to conduct experimentally or a computationally expensive task for ab initio methods. The study demonstrates and solidifies the potential of combining DFT calculations and ML models to predict experimental properties, especially those that are scarce and impractical to empirically acquire.
Pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiomyopathies induced by desmin gene variants located in the C‐Terminus of segment 2B
Authors: Geryk Michelle , Charpentier Flavien
Published: March 2024

Desmin, the most abundant intermediate filament in cardiomyocytes, plays a key role in maintaining cardiomyocyte structure by interconnecting intracellular organelles, and facilitating cardiomyocyte interactions with the extracellular matrix and neighboring cardiomyocytes. As a consequence, mutations in the desmin gene (DES) can lead to desminopathies, a group of diseases characterized by variable and often severe cardiomyopathies along with skeletal muscle disorders. The basic desmin intermediate filament structure is composed of four segments separated by linkers that further assemble into dimers, tetramers and eventually unit‐length filaments that compact radially to give the final form of the filament. Each step in this process is critical for proper filament formation and allow specific interactions within the cell. Mutations within the desmin gene can disrupt filament formation, as seen by aggregate formation, and thus have severe cardiac and skeletal outcomes, depending on the locus of the mutation. The focus of this review is to outline the cardiac molecular consequences of mutations located in the C‐terminal part of segment 2B. This region is crucial for ensuring proper desmin filament formation and is a known hotspot for mutations that significantly impact cardiac function.
The discount consolidation effect: How brands can present quantity discounts more effectively
Authors: Yang Haiyang , Chakravarti Dipankar
Published: March 2024

How should brands present quantity discounts to increase consumer appeal? We propose that, compared to distributed presentations that spread a discount across units (e.g., buy two, get 30% off on each unit), consolidated presentations that place the discount on a single unit (e.g., buy two, get 60% off on the second unit) can lead to a higher purchase likelihood. Four studies demonstrate this “discount consolidation effect” across a variety of consumption contexts, product categories and price levels. The studies show that this effect occurs because compared to consolidated presentations of a quantity discount, distributed presentations can lead to less favorable perceptions about the quality of the discounted product and about the savings offered. We also identify an important boundary condition, illustrating that when the discount offered is substantively small in size, the effect is attenuated. These findings add to the theoretical literature and offer actionable managerial insights.
Resurgence of ethanol seeking following voluntary abstinence produced by nondrug differential reinforcement of other behavior
Authors: Craig Andrew R. , Agnew Charlene N. , Derrenbacker Kate E. , Antúnez Beatriz Arroyo , Sullivan William E. , Smith Sean W. , DeBartelo Jacqueline , Roane Henry S.
Published: March 2024

Resurgence refers to the relapse of a target behavior following the worsening of a source of alternative reinforcement that was made available during response elimination. Most laboratory analyses of resurgence have used a combination of extinction and alternative reinforcement to reduce target behavior. In contingency‐management treatments for alcohol use disorder, however, alcohol use is not placed on extinction. Instead, participants voluntarily abstain from alcohol use to access nondrug alternative reinforcers. Inasmuch, additional laboratory research on resurgence following voluntary abstinence is warranted. The present experiment evaluated resurgence of rats' ethanol seeking following voluntary abstinence produced by differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO). Lever pressing produced ethanol reinforcers during baseline phases. During DRO phases, lever pressing continued to produce ethanol and food reinforcers were delivered according to resetting DRO schedules. Ethanol and food reinforcers were suspended during resurgence test phases to evaluate resurgence following voluntary abstinence. Lever pressing was elevated during baseline phases and occurred at near‐zero rates during DRO phases. During the resurgence test phases, lever pressing increased, despite that it no longer produced ethanol. The procedure introduced here may help researchers better understand the variables that affect voluntary abstinence from ethanol seeking and resurgence following voluntary abstinence.
Patient‐specific cutting guides increase accuracy of medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy procedure: A retrospective case‐control study
Authors: Fayard Jean‐Marie , Saad Maxime , Gomes Lucas , Kacem Sami , Abid Hichem , Vieira Thais D. , Lambrey Pierre‐Jean , Ollivier Matthieu , Thaunat Mathieu
Published: March 2024

Purpose

To compare the accuracy of patient‐specific guides (PSCG) to the standard technique in medial open‐wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO). Secondary objectives were to evaluate factors that could influence accuracy and to compare the complication rate and operating time for both procedures.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of prospective collected data was performed. Between March 2011 and May 2018, 49 patients with isolated medial knee osteoarthritis who were operated for OWHTO using PSCG and 38 patients using the standard technique were included. Preoperative and postoperative deformities were evaluated on long leg radiographs by measuring the mechanical medial proximal tibial angle, mechanical lateral distal femoral angle, hip knee ankle angle (HKA), and joint line convergence angle. Pre‐ and postoperative posterior tibial slope was also evaluated. Accuracy was evaluated by analysing the difference between the preoperative planned and the actual postoperative HKA. Operating time and complication rate were also recorded in both groups.

Results

The mean preoperative HKA was 173.4° (±3.1°) in the PSCG group and 173.3° (±2.4°) in the standard group (p = 0.8416). Mean planned HKA were 182.8° (±1.1°) and 184.0° (±0°) respectively for the PSCG and the standard group. Mean postoperative HKA were 181.9° (±1.9°) and 182.6° (±3.1°) respectively for the PSCG and the standard group. An accuracy of ±2° in the HKA was achieved in 44 (90%) in the PSCG group and 24 (65%) in the standard group (p = 0.006). The probability of achieving a HKA accuracy was four times higher for patients in the PSCG group (odds ratio [OR] = 4.06, [1.1; 15.3], p = 0.038). Also, higher preoperative Ahlback grade was associated with precision, all other parameters being equal (OR = 4.2, [0.13; 0.97], p = 0.04).

Conclusion

In this study, the PSCG technique was significantly more accurate for achieving the planned HKA in OWHTO. Complication rates and operating times were comparable between groups.

Level of Evidence

Level IV, case‐control study.
Comprehensive analysis of histone acetylation‐related genes in glioblastoma and lower‐grade gliomas: Insights into drug sensitivity, molecular subtypes, immune infiltration, and prognosis
Authors: Qin Jiajun , Fu Jin , Chen Xianzhen
Published: March 2024

Objectives

The purpose of this research was to study the impact of histone acetylation on glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and lower‐grade gliomas (LGG) and its potential implications for patient prognosis. We aimed to assess the histone acetylation score (HAs) and its relationship with key genes involved in histone acetylation regulation.

Method

The TCGA‐GBMLGG dataset, which provides comprehensive genomic and clinical information, was utilized for this study. We calculated the HAs by analyzing the expression levels of histone acetylation‐related genes, including histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylases, in GBM and LGG patients. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was performed to evaluate the prognostic value of the HAs. Furthermore, correlation analysis and differential expression analysis were conducted to assess the relationship between the HAs and key genes involved in histone acetylation regulation, as well as the expression differences of immune checkpoint genes.

Results

Our analysis revealed a significant association between the HAs and patient prognosis, with higher HAs correlating to poorer outcomes in GBM and LGG patients. We observed a positive correlation between the HAs and key genes involved in histone acetylation regulation, indicating their potential role in modulating histone acetylation levels. Moreover, we found significant expression differences for immune checkpoint genes between high and low HAs groups, suggesting a potential impact of histone acetylation on the immune response in GBM and LGG.

Conclusion

This study highlights the significance of histone acetylation in GBM and LGG. The HAs demonstrated prognostic value, indicating its potential as a clinically relevant biomarker. The correlation between the HAs and key genes involved in histone acetylation regulation provides insights into the underlying mechanisms driving histone acetylation dysregulation in GBM and LGG. Furthermore, the observed expression differences of immune checkpoint genes suggest a potential link between histone acetylation and the immune response. These findings contribute to our understanding of the molecular basis of GBM and LGG and have implications for personalized treatment approaches targeting histone acetylation and the immune microenvironment. Further validation and functional studies are needed to confirm these findings and explore potential therapeutic strategies.
Gender mismatch and bias in people‐centric operations: Evidence from a randomized field experiment
Authors: Son Yoonseock , Choi Angela Aerry , Wowak Kaitlin D. , Angst Corey M.
Published: March 2024

Research at the interface of operations management (OM) and gender bias has mostly focused on operational outcomes such as hiring decisions on behalf of the employer (or firm). Largely overlooked is how the design of operational processes exacerbates (or diminishes) the amount of gender bias exhibited on behalf of the customer in a people‐centric operations environment. In this study, we conduct a randomized field experiment with a partner firm to assess gender mismatch and bias in client‐consultant exchanges. The experimental design enables us to examine gender bias within dyadic exchanges when there are gender matches (female client‐female consultant or male client‐male consultant) or gender mismatches (female client‐male consultant or male client‐female consultant). We find that reporting the consultant's gender significantly increases the client's likelihood of leaving more and higher reviews, increases the clickthrough rate on recommended products, and that the effect is stronger for females than for male consultants. We also provide support for the heterogenous effects of client experience depending on the gender (mis)match in client‐consultant exchanges, including whether the prior effects hold when there is gender masking or manipulation (e.g., reported female consultant when actually male). Our findings offer important theoretical contributions and practical implications for OM scholars and managers.
Pannexin 3 deletion in mice results in knee osteoarthritis and intervertebral disc degeneration after forced treadmill running
Authors: Wakefield Brent , Tang Justin , Hutchinson Jeffrey L. , Kanji Rehanna , Brooks Courtney , Grol Matthew W. , Séguin Cheryle A. , Penuela Silvia , Beier Frank
Published: March 2024

Pannexin 3 (Panx3) is a glycoprotein that forms mechanosensitive channels expressed in chondrocytes and annulus fibrosus cells of the intervertebral disc (IVD). Evidence suggests Panx3 plays contrasting roles in traumatic versus aging osteoarthritis (OA) and intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). However, whether its deletion influences the response of joint tissue to forced use is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine if Panx3 deletion in mice causes increased knee joint OA and IDD after forced treadmill running. Male and female wildtype (WT) and Panx3 knockout (KO) mice were randomized to either a no‐exercise group (sedentary; SED) or daily forced treadmill running (forced exercise; FEX) from 24 to 30 weeks of age. Knee cartilage and IVD histopathology were evaluated by histology, while tibial secondary ossification centers were analyzed using microcomputed tomography (µCT). Both male and female Panx3 KO mice developed larger superficial defects of the tibial cartilage after forced treadmill running compared with SED WT mice. Additionally, Panx3 KO mice developed reduced bone volume, and female PANX3 KO mice had lengthening of the lateral tubercle at the intercondylar eminence. In the lower lumbar spine, both male and female Panx3 KO mice developed histopathological features of IDD after running compared to SED WT mice. These findings suggest that the combination of deleting Panx3 and forced treadmill running induces OA and causes histopathological changes associated with the degeneration of the IVDs in mice.
Land degradation and development in India: Status quo, challenges and opportunities
Authors: Singh Kripal , Agrawala Meghna , Dhyani Shalini , Mishra Nivedita , Bauddh Kuldeep , Byun Chaeho
Published: March 2024

This article reviews and synthesizes the articles published in a virtual special issue (VSI) “Land Degradation and Development in India: Status quo, challenges, and opportunities.” A total of 31 studies (28 research papers and three reviews) are published in this VSI covering various agroclimatic zones of India. These articles provide insights on how different natural and anthropogenic disturbances affect the diversity, and functioning of forests, grasslands, agriculture, agroforestry, and physicochemical and biological composition of the soil. Twelve of these articles also investigate the effectiveness of different restoration methods to restore various degraded ecosystems through agroforestry, afforestation and reforestation, organic amendments, and agroecological interventions. The historical journey of forest restoration, behavioral pattern of local communities for conservation and restoration, and policy framework for restoration in India are discussed in three independent articles. Overall, there is convergence in learnings from these papers for structural and non‐structural land degradation, soil salinization, and agroforestry but results from papers on plantations and organic inputs into farming highlight the need for more research.
Quality of life, adherence and knowledge of epileptic patients and the impact of a pharmacist‐led educational intervention: A review
Authors: Munaf Zahraa Abbas , Mohammed Samer Imad
Published: March 2024

Around 65 million individuals suffer from epilepsy worldwide, and when it is not properly treated, it is linked to higher rates of physical harm and mortality. Due to the requirement for long‐term therapy and the side effects of many medications, medication compliance is a significant issue. The purpose of this review was to summarize the findings of previous studies examining the quality of life (QOL), adherence, patient education, and medication knowledge, as well as the impact of a pharmacist‐led educational intervention. Additionally, to find out if these studies benefit epileptic patients, to find the appropriate method used to help them in all aspects of their lives, and to use these in future studies. A systematic and comprehensive search was conducted using specific keywords from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Research Gate. A significantly poorer QOL was linked to prolonged antiepileptic drug use or poor adherence as well as psychiatric problems. Neglect was the most frequent reason for nonadherence. The frequency of seizures was greatly reduced, and the adherence was significantly increased by patient education and medication understanding. Patient awareness, adherence, QOL, and seizure frequency were dramatically improved following the intervention. In the absence of optimal treatment, epilepsy is associated with increased rates of bodily injuries and mortality. It is crucial to increase patient education and knowledge about disease and treatment in order to improve adherence, and QOL. Intervention by a chemist is required to achieve these results.
The existence of R$$ \mathcal{R} $$‐bounded solution operator for Navier–Stokes–Korteweg model with slip boundary conditions in half space
Authors: Inna Suma
Published: March 2024

This paper proves the existence of
‐bounded solution operator families of the resolvent problem of Navier–Stokes–Korteweg model in half‐space
with slip boundary condition. Especially we investigate the model for arbitrary constant viscosity and capillarity. We employ the
‐bounded solution operators of the model obtained from the whole space cases and partial Fourier transform techniques to analyze the model.
Characterizations of Lipschitz functions via the commutators of maximal function in total Morrey spaces
Authors: Guliyev Vagif S.
Published: March 2024

We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the boundedness of the maximal commutators
and the commutators of the maximal operator
in total Morrey spaces
when
belongs to Lipschitz spaces
, whereby some new characterizations for certain subclasses of Lipschitz spaces
are obtained.
Increasing the scan‐efficiency of pulmonary imaging at 0.55 T using iterative concomitant field and motion‐corrected reconstruction
Authors: Javed Ahsan , Ramasawmy Rajiv , Ozenne Valéry , Su Pan , Chow Kelvin , Campbell‐Washburn Adrienne
Published: March 2024

Purpose

To develop an iterative concomitant field and motion corrected (iCoMoCo) reconstruction for isotropic high‐resolution UTE pulmonary imaging at 0.55 T.

Methods

A free‐breathing golden‐angle stack‐of‐spirals UTE sequence was used to acquire data for 8 min with prototype and commercial 0.55 T MRI scanners. The data was binned into 12 respiratory phases based on superior–inferior navigator readouts. The previously published iterative motion corrected (iMoCo) reconstruction was extended to include concomitant field correction directly in the cost function. The reconstruction was implemented within the Gadgetron framework for inline reconstruction. Data were retrospectively reconstructed to simulate scan times of 2, 4, 6, and 8 min. Image quality was assessed using apparent SNR and image sharpness. The technique was evaluated in healthy volunteers and patients with known lung pathology including coronavirus disease 2019 infection, chronic granulomatous disease, lymphangioleiomyomatosis, and lung nodules.

Results

The technique provided diagnostic‐quality images, and image quality was maintained with a slight loss in SNR for simulated scan times down to 4 min. Parenchymal apparent SNR was 4.33 ± 0.57, 5.96 ± 0.65, 7.36 ± 0.64, and 7.87 ± 0.65 using iCoMoCo with scan times of 2, 4, 6, and 8 min, respectively. Image sharpness at the diaphragm was comparable between iCoMoCo and reference images. Concomitant field corrections visibly improved the sharpness of anatomical structures away from the isocenter. Inline image reconstruction and artifact correction were achieved in <5 min.

Conclusion

The proposed iCoMoCo pulmonary imaging technique can generate diagnostic quality images with 1.75 mm isotropic resolution in less than 5 min using a 6‐min acquisition, on a 0.55 T scanner.
Associations between paramedics' salutogenic health experience and the intention to stay in the profession: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Hulkkonen Eve , Kouvonen Anne , Nordquist Hilla
Published: March 2024

Aim

To investigate the association between paramedics' salutogenic health and their intentions to stay in their profession.

Design

A cross‐sectional survey.

Methods

Paramedics from eight purposively selected organizations participated in this study (n = 433). The data were collected in 2022 with the Salutogenic Health Indicator Scale and validated single questions that assessed work ability, recovery and self‐rated stress. Intention to stay was measured using two questions about the intention to leave prehospital emergency medical service work and leave the nursing sector completely during the next 2 years. Data were analysed using logistic regression and statistical significance tests.

Results

Men had higher mean salutogenic health scores than women. No significant differences in salutogenic health were observed across work experience or occupational groups. Paramedics intending to stay in their profession exhibited higher salutogenic health scores than those intending to leave. In the logistic regression models, increasing levels of salutogenic health and work ability were associated with intention to stay in the profession.
Characterization of eco‐friendly composites for automotive applications prepared by the compression molding method
Authors: Manalu Janviter , Numberi Johni Jonatan , Safanpo Apolo , Fitriyana Deni Fajar , Wijaya Tonny Laksamana , Siregar Januar Parlaungan , Cionita Tezara , Jaafar Jamiluddin
Published: March 2024

The need to comply with environmental regulations and provisions set by the government for sustainability and environmental awareness has caused the use of natural fiber‐reinforced composites in the automotive industry to increase. Furthermore, there has been a lack of extensive research on the production of eco‐friendly composites for automotive applications utilizing epoxy resin, rice husk, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 by the compression molding technique. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the influence of compression molding pressure on the properties of eco‐friendly composites for automotive applications. The specimens consisted of epoxy resin, rice husk, Al2O3, and Fe2O3, in that order by weight percentages of 50%, 20%, 15%, and 15%, respectively. Compression molding with pressures of 10, 20, and 30 MPa and a holding time of 20 min at room temperature was utilized in this study. To evaluate the properties of the obtained specimens, density, hardness, flexural, wear, TGA (thermal gravimetric analysis), and DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) tests were conducted. The research findings show that composite specimens' physical and mechanical properties decrease while the friction coefficient increases with increasing pressure during compression molding. In contrast, the pressure increase did not significantly alter the thermal characteristics of the composite specimens. The BP_10 specimen, fabricated at a molding pressure of 10 MPa, exhibited superior properties compared to other specimens. Density, hardness, flexural strength, coefficient of friction, total residue, Tmax, Tg, and Tc in specimen BP_10 was 1.881 g/cm3, 80.5 shore D, 35.84 MPa, 0.262, 58.67%, 354.87, 285.53, and 497.7°C, respectively.

Highlights

The demand for natural fiber‐reinforced composites is increasing because more vehicles are on the road.

The properties of natural fiber‐reinforced composites are strongly influenced by the pressure applied during compression molding.

Results show that compression molding pressure strongly influenced the hardness, density, flexural strength, friction coefficient, and thermal stability of natural fiber‐reinforced composites.

The natural fiber‐reinforced composites developed in this research can contribute to several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).