bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automatic evaluation of the quality of machine translation of a scientific text: the results of a five-year-long experiment
Authors: Ulitkin Ilya , Filippova Irina , Ivanova Natalia , Poroykov Alexey
Published: July 2021

We report on various approaches to automatic evaluation of machine translation quality and describe three widely used methods. These methods, i.e. methods based on string matching andn-gram models, make it possible to compare the quality of machine translation to reference translation. We employ modern metrics for automatic evaluation of machine translation quality such as BLEU, F-measure, and TER to compare translations made by Google and PROMT neural machine translation systems with translations obtained 5 years ago, when statistical machine translation and rule-based machine translation algorithms were employed by Google and PROMT, respectively, as the main translation algorithms [6]. The evaluation of the translation quality of candidate texts generated by Google and PROMT with reference translation using an automatic translation evaluation program reveal significant qualitative changes as compared with the results obtained 5 years ago, which indicate a dramatic improvement in the work of the above-mentioned online translation systems. Ways to improve the quality of machine translation are discussed. It is shown that modern systems of automatic evaluation of translation quality allow errors made by machine translation systems to be identified and systematized, which will enable the improvement of the quality of translation by these systems in the future.
A modern approach to communicative language teaching in English classes in high school
Authors: Kholstinina Tatyana , Vekovishcheva Svetlana , Kochetova Alyona
Published: July 2021

In this article we observe various methods of teaching foreign language in oral form within a certain situation. We claim, that when learning a second language, in addition to phonological and lexical-grammatical knowledge, students need to master the ways of communicating with other people. We stress on the need to form an integrated approach in the preparation and realization of classes and tasks for the effective development of students’ oral speech skills. We also examine the methodology known as Communicative Language Teaching or CLT and explore its origins and evolution since it was first proposed in the 1970s, and how it has influenced approaches to language teaching today. The research consists of the 6 main sections (abstract, introduction, materials and methods, results, discussion and references).
Advantages of information and communication training at the university in the process of formation of speech competence
Authors: Ovsyannikova Olga , Bocharnikov Igor , Bobrova Svetlana
Published: July 2021

The developed method was tested at the Moscow State Regional University. As a result of the training and control experiments, the authors identified the advantages of information and communication training at the university in the process of forming speech competence. The analysis of the obtained data showed that in the experimental group the level of development of speech competence in the study of the morphological topic «Particle. The use of particles in speech» after the use of computer programs of the combined type created by the authors significantly increased in comparison with the results obtained in the control group. The obtained results of the training experiment make it possible to conclude that the formulated hypothesis of the study is experimentally confirmed, that is, the use of information and communication technologies in the process of studying morphology, including the topic «Particle. The use of particles in speech», is more effective if the computer program also includes a reference summary on this topic, as well as select didactic material, taking into account the typical mistakes of students. In the process of conducting a formative experiment, there is an increased interest of students in computer classes, their motivation for learning activities, and the desire to study the material. This contributes to the creation of favorable conditions for learning. The conducted training and control experiments confirmed the fact that the use of computer technologies in the educational process of the university allows us to make classes in the Russian language and speech culture more effective in the process of forming speech competence.
The strategy of teaching the culture of debating in FL to non-linguist students
Authors: Komochkina Elena , Selezneva Tatiana , Akimova Natalia
Published: July 2021

The article considers some contextual, interdisciplinary and linguistic aspects of developing non-linguistic students’ speaking skills necessary for cross-cultural academic communication, with special attention being paid to the their abilities to master the culture of debating, acquiring specific features of their future profession through learning specialized vocabulary and using a foreign language as an effective tool to reach the professional goals. The proposed strategy of FL communication teaching is rooted in the basics of D. Dorner’s situation integrity’ theory, on the one hand, taking into account discovery patterns of science undergraduates’ educational activity, on the other, and cognitive aspects of academic discourse as well with an emphasis on acquiring professional interlanguage dialogic skills. The proposed course of study is meant to master the professional speaking skills of science undergraduates. The algorithm of teaching has been tested in FL classes with Maths and Physics students of MGOU (Moscow Region State University) during 2019/2020 academic year and obtained the positive approval of FL teaching staff.
Spellonyms as linguo-cultural onomastic units in indigenous folklore
Authors: Oschepkova Viktoriya , Solovyeva Nataliya
Published: July 2021

The undertaken research replenishes the pool of knowledge about folklore texts and the functions of spellonyms as signs saturated with national and cultural meanings. The study establishes and compares linguistic and cultural characteristics of spellonyms in the onomasticon of Australian and Nanaian aetiological tales. The authors proposed a typology of spellonyms which includes 5 thematic groups: nominations of deities of different nature; nominations of celestial bodies transformed from representatives of the tribe; nominations of objects of worship and magical rituals; nominations of magical natural phenomena; nominations of magical creatures. The results of the research demonstrate a significant prevalence in the number of deity nominations among Australian spellonyms, while the majority of Nanaian spellonyms refer to magical artefacts. The research has also proved the utmost significance of the water element in the folk worldview of Australian Aborigines and the equivalent importance of the water, land and air elements in the Nanai folk worldview. The obvious preference in both folklore traditions is given to nominations of native origin transcribed into the language of translation. The structural types of spellonyms vary from group to group, with the majority of monolexemic nominations.
Spiritual and moral development of the individual in Russia in the XXI century
Authors: Kazantseva Dina , Tkach Elena , Shukshina Lyudmila , Taisaeva Svetlana , Dolgova Elena
Published: July 2021

Nowadays the spiritual and moral tendencies of Russian society are due to the opposition of the spiritual and moral foundations of the traditional mentality to the intrusion of Western non-traditional mentality values. As a result of the imbalance, the spiritual image of Russian society, as well as the spiritual and moral image of the individual, his worldview is transformed. The representatives of educational institutes, state and municipal authorities, the media, who are most closely related to this problem, discuss the issues of the spiritual and moral development of a personality, emphasizing their importance for the civilizational future of Russia. An expert assessment of spirituality and morality provides the opportunity to determine the possible ways of overcoming the crisis. In this regard, an expert survey as a sociological study was conducted in three stages: in 2009 it was a pilot study to clarify the toolkit, as well as in 2010 and 2019 there were some surveys of the representatives of three activity areas. The research was based on such approaches as personal, activity, systemic and subjective. The results were the consideration of the experts’ understanding of the content of the concepts “spirituality”, “morality”, “spiritual and moral development”, the determination of the level of morality and spirituality of Russian society, the conditions that cause its decline, and the conditions, resulting in its development. An expert survey made it possible to reveal a low level of the spiritual and moral development of the society, distortion of the spiritual and moral baselines for the development.
The spiritual culture of the younger generation - the key to the development of society
Authors: Tilenbaeva Gulnara , Karabaeva Samara , Kambarova Nurzada , Akmataliev Asanbek , Yrazakov Damirbek , Sharipova Erkaiym , Salimov Rustambek
Published: July 2021

Modern practice urgently requires a theoretical analysis of the younger generation spiritual culture formation problems, considering the realities of a modern, dynamically changing society. The research is relevant because today there is a contradiction between the demand for the spiritual potential of the younger generation by society and the real level of the spiritual culture of young people. The desire to find ways to resolve this contradiction determines the scientific problem of our research. In theoretical terms, this is the problem of substantiating the theoretical and methodological foundations of the younger generation spiritual culture development. In practical terms - the search for ways to optimize the processes of the formation of his spiritual culture in the modern period of the society development. One cannot speak about spirituality and morality as a mass social phenomenon regardless of specific conditions that can either hinder or contribute to the broad assertion of their principles. Today our society is going through a difficult period of its development, where crisis phenomena have covered all spheres of life and activities of people. The characteristic features of these phenomena in the spiritual sphere of society are a drop in the proportion of moral values, a decrease in spiritual principles in people’s lives. In educational work, operating with general categories of social order, we often leave on the background, and sometimes we simply forget, such fundamental concepts for a person as the fulfillment of one’s moral duty, conscience, honor, honesty, decency, mercy, dignity, nobility, goodness.
Psychological features of the relationship of personality resilience and subjective feelings of loneliness
Authors: Tkach Elena
Published: July 2021

The article focuses on identifying and describing some aspects of the psychological characteristics of the relationship between personality resilience and the subjective feeling of loneliness in adolescence. Resilience is understood as a person’s ability to adapt and be effective, to function successfully despite the influence of any external factors, to survive and develop. Resilience is presented as the ability to recover from setbacks, to rely on the gained life experience for your personal growth and self-realization. An empirical study has shown that there is a strong inverse statistically significant relationship between the phenomenon of vitality and the subjective feeling of loneliness in adolescents. The experimental (correctional and developmental) work carried out was effective, as it influenced the development of the participants’ resilience. The emphasis in correctional and developmental work was placed on the discovery and activation of the development of resources for self-care, a positive self-concept, positive self-attitude, forward thinking, and the ability for long-term planning, the ability to cope, reflexive and communication skills and abilities, the ability to establish and develop connections with other people. The experimental work can be considered quite effective, since, according to the research participants, they began to cope with the negative aspects of loneliness, difficult life situations, became more positive and stable better.
Environmental friendliness of educational innovations and agency of consumption of educational services
Authors: Posypanova Olga , Menshikov Petr , Demchuk Anastasia , Sibagatullina Albina , Kraynova Ekaterina , Kosov Aleksandr , Arpentieva Mariam
Published: July 2021

The environmental imperative is one of the leading imperatives of our time. Its understanding varies widely in different contexts. One such object is educational innovation. The theoretical basis of variations is two main groups of ideas: 1) the idea of development as a process and a result of gradual, “stable”, often “planned” / projected quantitative “accumulations”, and 2) the idea of development as a crisis, coupled with periods of abrupt / revolutionary, “emergent integrative and qualitative transformations, the exit of the system from the state of homeostasis to a new state, transparent for its members. The purpose of the study is to analyze the problems of environmental friendliness of educational innovations in the context of ensuring the subjectivity of the consumption of educational services. The research method is a phenomenological theoretical analysis of the problems of educational innovations within the framework of traditional and modern concepts of the development of society. The concept of the development of society, reflecting the general ideas about its functioning and improvement, as well as the formation and development of its members, acts as the basis for education reforms. Each of the concepts provides its own view of the forms and goals of education as a process of formation and improvement of subjectivity.
The main ways of implementing gaming technologies in the process of career guidance work for choosing the profession of an engineer
Authors: Ovchinnikova Svetlana , Schneider Elena , Tamoshkina Elena , Gadzhialieva Irina
Published: July 2021

The paper considers play as a teaching method in career guidance activities of high school students and believe that play is most adequate in career guidance work, because with its help various kinds of students’ initiatives can be implemented, which is extremely important for this process. And from this position, play cannot be separated from activity and must be considered as a way of realizing it. Didactic research establishes not only the content, essence, signs, characteristics and features of certain processes, factors, phenomena, but also the conditions for their effective functioning. The main purpose of career guidance work is to form the professional orientation of students, to provide them with assistance and support in the process of self-determination when choosing. If career guidance work is carried out in the learning process, then it is of a specific nature. Its main feature is the close connection of the acquired theoretical knowledge with individual skills and possible skills that may be required in the process of professional activity, as well as with possible objects and tools of labor. For this it is necessary to simulate the possible future components of a particular profession, and all these components must be properly organized. Gaming technologies help in this issue.
Greening education at the university in the socio–economic and pedagogical areas of training
Authors: Аnzorova Svetlana , Sarbassova Saule , Dzhubalieva Zora , Meldebekova Aigul , Zhapanova Marzhan , Zhumadilova Gulnar
Published: July 2021

Socio–economic processes have accelerated in the information society, technological cycles are not 20–30 years, as before, but 3–5, which radically changes the tasks of professional training of personnel of all levels and specialties. The problem of environmental education has now gone beyond national boundaries and acquired international importance. Domestic pedagogy should more actively introduce scientific developments and achievements into educational practice, in particular, through new special courses, technologies for the formation of ecological thinking, consciousness, and culture of university students, using modern psychological and pedagogical approaches. The intellectual potential of a country determines its place and role in the international arena. Today, the cost of this product in the economic exchange of developed countries is close to the value of the mass of commodities, therefore, domestic education should become a priority, widespread field of activity in the state, and environmental education – the most prestigious, most powerful basis for active and vital research in various areas: social , technical, medical, pedagogical, economic. Practical and theoretical contributions to the world education and science system can raise the level of national environmental and educational achievements to a prominent place in the world.
Ecological aspects of the education and resilience of preschool teachers
Authors: Bagadaeva Olga , Golubchikova Marina , Kamenskaya Elena , Arpentieva Mariam
Published: July 2021

An individual acquires environmental knowledge and skills (competencies) in several ways. In addition to direct training within the framework of special courses, the ecology of everyday interactions and human behavior is of great importance, especially in the early stages of development, starting with preschool age. The ecology of pedagogical interaction as a system of environmentally literate relationships between educational subjects includes a number of indicators, including those related to the formation of the personal prerequisites for such interaction. One of them is the teacher’s resistance to stress, which he forms and develops also in his wards. The aim of the study is to analyze the resistance to stress of a teacher as a factor in the ecology of educational relations and interactions. The profession of a teacher in a preschool institution is highly and diversely stressful, requiring self-regulation (self-management), due to a significant psychological load that exceeds that of many other specialists. Stress resistance of a teacher of a preschool educational institution plays an important role in building and improving didactic relations, as well as the formation and development of environmental literacy and human culture.
Factor model of a comfortable environment for the consumption of cultural services
Authors: Parsieva Larisa , Gatsalova Larisa , Lobeyko Yuri , Yuschenko Irina , Ivashova Valentine
Published: July 2021

The article presents the results of the research on the comfort of the cultural services consumption environment. The scientific discourses in the segment of the research subject are analysed, and on their basis, 17 evaluation criteria for the empirical study of the comfort of the cultural services consumption environment are formulated. The sociological information about the evaluative judgments of the population was collected by an electronic questionnaire survey of 407 people by random sampling. Factor analysis was carried out using main components extraction with varimax rotation and Kaiser normalisation in the SPSS Statistics program (version 21). The developed factor model of the comfortable environment of cultural services consumption will help optimise the conditions of cultural and leisure activities in rural areas, which is extremely important for achieving Russia’s national goals in providing a comfortable and safe environment for life and opportunities for self-realisation and development of talents of people throughout the country.
Border area tourism with problems and prospective: RF-Mongolia
Authors: Kuklina Maria V. , Krasnoshtanova Natalia E. , Trufanov Andrey I. , Bogdanov Viktor N. , Erdinieva Sayana N.
Published: July 2021

This article will explore the potential of the tourism sector in the districts of the Republic of Buryatia, Irkutsk region and Tyva, RF at the Russian-Mongolian border is based on a combination of a huge amount of diverse natural resources. The area in whole has rich water resources, including lakes, rivers, waterfalls and mineral springs, with well-preserved mountainous landscapes, in harmony with a centuries-old cultural and ethnic heritage of locals. Also, the Okinsky District has a unique location adjacent to the border between the Russian Federation and Mongolia. Despite its remoteness, the area might be considered as an attractive destination with great recreational prospects. However, several problems have been identified which impede severely active promotion of tourism. It is noteworthy that these are typical not only for the Okinsky district but common within many remote areas of the Russian Federation. Ways of solving the problems have been suggested to develop the tourism industry along with provision of environmental sustainability of the area and well-being of the local population.
The dynamic model for the sustainable development of the domestic tourism in the Russian Federation
Authors: Kirillova Tatyana , Zhilinkova Irina , Golovkina Svetlana , Finko Alla
Published: July 2021

The article examines the role of the tourism industry in creating new jobs in the regions and increasing the welfare of the population. The multiplicative effect of the tourism industry is expressed in the active development of related sectors of the national economy. The spillover effect of tourism spending on the region’s economy can be estimated using an “input-output” model. The paper provides an algorithm for determining the impact of changes in tourism spending on gross output by industry, income and employment in the region. Studies have shown that the development of tourism in St. Petersburg leads to an uneven formation of output, income and employment in various sectors of the region’s economy. The development of the concept of sustainable tourism development should be based on an assessment of the socio-economic state and prospects for the development of the tourism industry. The methodology, which includes an assessment of the resource and throughput potential, is most fully consistent with the principles of the concept of sustainable tourism development. Application of the World Bank methodology for the development of the adjusted net savings index. It allows you to internalize the external costs of economic activity associated with negative impacts on ecosystems and public health, which are an underestimated value in models of sustainable tourism development. The combination of this methodology with traditional multifactor models for assessing the level of tourism development will allow a more targeted approach to the choice of mechanisms and objects of state regulation at the regional levels within the framework of indicative planning.
Analysis of the processes of optimization of the executive power system in Russia
Authors: Goncharov Vitaly , Mikhaleva Tatiana , Vasilevich Grigory , Balashenko Sergey , Zalesny Jacek , Pukhov Artem
Published: July 2021

This article is devoted to the analysis of modern methods and technologies that can be used in the process of optimizing the executive system in the Russian Federation, as well as to the study of criteria for assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of this process. The work has developed and justified a system of criteria for assessing the efficiency and effectiveness of the processes of optimization of the executive power system in Russia. The choice of modern methods and technologies in the process of constructing the optimal executive system in the Russian Federation should be carried out within the framework of the current legislation, taking into account the most important qualitative and quantitative indicators of the optimization process. The process of optimizing the executive power system in Russia requires the use of modern implementation techniques and technologies, including global modeling and the use of electronic technologies in the analysis, forecasting, design (modeling) and management of the formation, functioning and development of state and public institutions. The system of criteria for evaluating the effectiveness and efficiency of optimizing the executive branch system in Russia should be aimed not only at analyzing the current state of processes for optimizing the formation and functioning of the executive branch in the country, but also at predicting the stages of their development in the future.
Rationality of creating mechanisms of state regulation of investment activities in the context of environmental processes
Authors: Abdulkadyrova Madina , Sarakayeva Zarema , Tazbiyeva Aset , Tazbiyeva Zaynap
Published: July 2021

The paper discloses the conceptual and theoretical foundations and approaches to the formation of state mechanisms for regulating the development and implementation of eco-economically efficient investment projects. The mechanisms of state regulation of investment activity, like similar mechanisms in other spheres of activity, are guided by a quite definite result, which can be called target. This result is the effects obtained in the form of the impact of the processes of economic activity of an industrial enterprise on the environment after the implementation of the investment project.The main mechanism for the implementation of regulatory and legal support is economic one based on the development of state forecasts of the socio-economic development of the country, its individual regions and their ecological state. In our opinion, the economic mechanism should also be based on forecasts of investment activities carried out from various sources and various industries, regions, a forecast assessment of the investment attractiveness of the national economy in general, industries, regions.
Development of gender entrepreneurship
Authors: Ismailova Zukhra , Ismaylova Rano , Saydivalieva Khurshida , Tuychieva Gulkhumor
Published: July 2021

The article allows us to consider the socio-economic factors of the development of entrepreneurship among the female population of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the modern world. The aim of the study is the objective and subjective factors of female entrepreneurship that affect the employment of women. The digital economy is a positive factor in creating a favorable climate for business opportunities for women in entrepreneurship. Internet innovations are gaining more and more popularity; women entrepreneurs acquire the skill of working with digital technologies in their free time from their families. The study of the topic was carried out on the basis of an analysis of scientific literature, modern data, in the field of the formation and development of women's entrepreneurship. The main research methods are analysis, grouping, brainstorming, synthesis. In the conclusion, the ways of creating favorable conditions for the growth of economic activity of women are revealed, which is impossible without the participation of the state and the private sector.
Social and environmental problems of religious deviation: from critical methodology to practice
Authors: Rosenfeld Vadim , Zekrist Rida
Published: July 2021

The question of the relationship between religion and power in the post-secular era, as well as the problem of social inequality of new religious movements with traditional religions, is a real challenge, and not only to social sciences. The relevance of the topic reveals the inevitability of analyzing the phenomenon of the revival of religiosity, in which complex processes of lack of trust, the interconnection of systemic development and religious security take place. The search for solutions to the problem requires an understanding of historical experience, including an appeal to socio-philosophical analysis. The article presents a reflection on the principles in solving problems related to the prevention of the influence of destructive religious groups. The proposed example of a socio-philosophical analysis of the problem under study, as one of several interrelationships between religion, power, education and humanism, is carried out through the concepts of “spiritual security”, “religious security”, “education”, “critical thinking” and “confessional stability”. In conclusion, a thesis is proposed that allows a multi-level and deeper discussion of the problem with the ability to formulate real solutions and their conditions.
The golden scale psychology sustainability, algorithm use at a research
Authors: Kazankov Vyacheslav
Published: July 2021

The article presents the author’s approach to understanding research of a person sustainability. In modern psychology, there is no methodology for numerically assessing human sustainability. The article presents an algorithm for using the scale GSP-Ω. GSP-Ω - the Golden Scale Psychology Sustainability. Options of use of a scale GSP-Ω are analyzed. The applicability of the scale GSP-Ω for different age categories of people, considering their profession and gender, is considered. This scale GSP-Ω has a high validity for use in assessing the sustainability of a person aged 10 years and older, which is an important factor for a psychologist. The simplicity of scale GSP-Ω use in different conditions (field and lab) is empirically proved. The article discusses three research hypotheses and briefly describes modern methods for assessing sustainability. The article assumes that the scale can be used by psychologists for different professions. However, she it is most relevant for professions related to stress.
Numerical investigation on combustion and NOx emissions of a CH4 / kerosene afterburner
Authors: Mangra Andreea Cristina , Barbu Ene
Published: July 2021

Cogeneration groups equipped with gas turbines usually operate with natural gas. The new requirements regarding the flexibility of functioning both with conventional and alternative fuels have led to the development of new solutions. An afterburning installation facilities, on the one hand, the combustion of fuels which can not normally be used in gas turbines, and on the other hand, allows a rapid adaptation of the cogeneration group to the user's variable thermal energy requirements. In some cases, an afterburning installation may contribute to the reduction of NOx emissions. It also increases the group's adaptability to changing environmental conditions, especially during the summer. Having in mind these tendencies and starting from the data collected from the 2xST 18 – Suplacu de Barcau cogeneration plant, this paper presents a numerical analysis of an afterburner in order to switch from natural gas to natural gas / kerosene functioning, with minimal modifications to the existing solution. A 3D steady RANS numerical integration of the Navier-Stokes equations has been carried out using the commercial software ANSYS CFX. For future research work, it will be taken into consideration the use of more complex reaction mechanisms and the variation of the spray angle will be considered. Also, in order to validate the CFD results a combustion experiments campaign will be conducted.
Analytical model for estimating the production and composition of gas resulted through gasification
Authors: Mihăescu Lucian , Pîșă Ionel , Simion Iulia , Negreanu Gabriel Paul
Published: July 2021

For the modelling of gasification processes, several models have been developed over the years. It is remarked that gasification calculation models of very high complexity entail some complications. Therefore, simpler mathematical representations of gasification characteristics and process behavior are required as a first step in addressing such systems. The preliminary calculation simplicity is needed form two perspectives: First – the pre-sizing of gasification installations, and second – the estimation of experimental or functional results. For this kind of topics, an adequate simplified model should be defined. Further, to validate the results it will be necessary to use complex calculation models. The model proposed in this paper addresses gasification with distributive air in the air distribution current, considering general concurrent flow of air fuel. Previous successful investigations, conducted by the present research team, are taken into account within model definition stages. Thus, the work presented here provides useful advances in the field of mathematical modeling of gasification processes. The originality of the model consists in its easy computational accessibility, which allows the approach of technological optimizations, such as the variation of excess air and fuel composition.
Revaluation of bamboo as biomass
Authors: Vanghele Nicoleta Alexandra , Matache Andreea , Stanciu Mariana Mădălina , Mihalache Dumitru Bogdan
Published: July 2021

Bamboo is a grassy plant that grows rapidly, is also a renewable natural resource and with a high yield. There are many applications and uses of bamboo, which led to its planting around the world. Among the industries in which bamboo has by now experienced extensive exploitation, we can remember the textile, construction, furniture ; even food, pharmaceutical or cosmetic industries.

Biomass is the plant material that is used as a renewable energy resource. This is achieved others by cultivating plants specially used for energy production or by using resistors from small industrial sectors.

The current paper highlights the potential for the recovery of bamboo as biomass, both in terms of the fact that bamboo is a plant that is believed to be an inexhaustible resource, but also for the wide amount of rest from its multiple uses.
Experimental researches on poultry manure combustion in co-combustion with biomass
Authors: Lăzăroiu Gheorghe , Negreanu Gabriel Paul , Pîșă Ionel , Grigoriu Rodica Manuela , Ciupăgeanu Dana-Alexandra
Published: July 2021

Combustion of pure avian waste is strongly affected by its humidity content. According to the results of composition analysis, the initial humidity reaches up to 50%, inhibiting direct combustion initiation and development. Drying of poultry waste is an alternative, but simple relatively long-term storage or thermal pre-processing, complicates the technological process of energy recovery and increases the associated costs. Co-combustion represents a promising solution to enrich the heating value of raw poultry manure. Experiments using biomass (in a mass fraction of up to 30%) led to positive results in terms of efficiency. It is highlighted that the process depends on the quality of the woody biomass used for the mixture, but also on its bulk density, which causes an accelerated diffusion of air and influences the burning speed. This paper presents the experimental investigations on the co-combustion of poultry manure and woody biomass, performed on a 55 kW pilot boiler equipped with a post-combustion grate. The focus of the analysis is on the influence of the biomass bulk density and its heating value on the co-combustion process. The results obtained favor the development of a technology that is easy to apply and has a reduced cost. The technology investigated here is suitable for onsite applications in poultry farms, enabling meeting the energy demand based on co-combustion of resulting poultry waste.
Defining of criteria for flue gas decarbonization efficiency in methanation reactors with membrane technology
Authors: Lăzăroiu Gheorghe , Mihăescu Lucian , Ciupăgeanu Dana-Alexandra , Grigoriu Rodica-Manuela , Bondrea Dana-Andreya
Published: July 2021

The paper presents an investigation on the conditions for implementing a methanation membrane decarbonator coupled to an energy installation that generates flue gases. The retention of the carbon dioxide content in the flue gases and its conversion to methane is envisaged. For start, low thermal power installations, employing natural gas as main fuel supply, are considered. Internal combustion engines (also working with natural gas fuel) are taken into account for the testing of the carbon dioxide retention process. For this, a classification of the flue gas composition by fuel categories is initially carried out. The decarbonation efficiency is defined and clarifications are made withal regarding the connection between the decarbonation installation and the energy plant. The first practical achievements are also presented, resulting from a decarbonator with a volume of 940 cm3(having the inner diameter of 12 cm and a height of 50 cm). The results prove that the proposed solution has great potential for practical applications, further research being however necessary. In terms of operating costs (including hydrogen consumption), it is remarked that they can be reduced by exploiting the methane production and eliminating the carbon tax, extending the integration perspective form economic point of view.
Experimental research for obtaining functional ingredients from Jerusalem artichoke and hemp seeds
Authors: Găgeanu Iuliana , Persu Cătălin , Gheorghe Gabriel , Popa Diana , Dumitrescu Liliana
Published: July 2021

Functional ingredients have gained a large-scale development determined by the increased interest shown by consumers worldwide. Functional ingredients are bioactive compounds that can be used in the manufacture of functional food products. These bioactive compounds can be obtained from accessible materials. The use of these materials aims to transform affordable raw materials at low prices into functional ingredients concentrated in proteins, amino acids, minerals and fibres, which can be used to obtain foods with a beneficial role in health. The paper presents a series of experimental researches for obtaining and characterizing functional materials obtained from Jerusalem artichoke and hemp seeds. The samples obtained had low moisture content, between 5.11 – 5.43 % for Jerusalem artichoke and 4.8 – 5.13 % for hemp, ideal for storage and use as powder. Jerusalem artichoke registered high sugar contents (between 21.2 – 27.2 %), while hemp flour had high fat content (between 18.56 – 23.52 %), making both products suitable to be used as functional ingredients in the food industry.
Advanced method of managing soil conservation works in Smart Farms
Authors: Marin Eugen , Mateescu Marinela , Bălțatu Carmen
Published: July 2021

The paper presents the results obtained in the SMART farm by using an advanced method of managing soil conservation works. These works involve, first of all, the collection and storage of data on the spot regarding the following parameters in which the plants will grow: disease climate (air temperature, dew point), growth climate (air temperature, solar radiation, deficiency vapours pressure, relative air humidity, precipitation, wind speed, maximum wind speed, daily evaporation) and soil monitoring (soil moisture, precipitation, soil salinity, soil temperature). Data collection is done through intelligent sensors from a wireless weather station and the reception of this information in real-time on a computer/smartphone by the farmer. Therefore, the farmer will be able to make instant decisions on soil conservation work, thusly saving time and workforce for additional on farm inspections.
Photodegradable organic pollutants from wastewater
Authors: Stoian Oana , Covaliu Cristina Ileana , Paraschiv Gigel , Nita-Lazar Mihai , Moga Ioana-Corina
Published: July 2021

Nowadays, environmental pollution is constantly increasing, and depollution is the most important challenge of the 21st century. This paper is a review of organic pollutants in wastewater that can be removed by the photocatalysis process. Also are presented specialized studies that demonstrate the removal of organic pollutants from wastewater and the experimental conditions necessary to obtain high treatment efficiencies. The important classes of pollutants in wastewater are hydrocarbons, halo compounds, carbonyl derivatives, alcohols, phenols, pesticides, surfactants, nitrogen containing compounds and dyes, and represent a major source of water pollution. These organic pollutants are photodegradable and can be easily removed by the photocatalysis process.
Developing efficient practices for producing bioethanol from sweet sorghum, evaluating several varieties of the plant and growing environments
Authors: Nenciu Florin , Vlăduț Valentin , Nae Gabriel , Popa Lorena-Diana , Constantin Oana Emilia
Published: July 2021

The challenges we face today envisaging environmental protection, starting from global warming and climate change, up to natural resources depletion, creates opportunities for developing new technologies for biofuel production. Considering that most biofuels used at the moment are based on energy-intensive crops, the question arises whether occupying large areas of land to the detriment of food is justified or not, especially as these crops generally deplete the soil of nutrients. In the present paper we propose a different approach for assessing an easily adaptable energy plant named Sweet Sorghum, that can grow with low input requirements, in difficult growing conditions, on contaminated or poor-nutrient and dry soils, and yet having a high productivity potential. Our research directions are targeted towards identifying the best opportunities for producing bioethanol from Sweet sorghum testing different varieties and sustainable planting conditions. We have been established several experimental cultures and evaluated the potential for producing biofuels using different techniques, such as juice extraction and fermentation and lignocellulose processing.
Theoretical and experimental researches on the implementation of smart location
Authors: Panaitescu Mariana , Panaitescut Fanel-Viorel , Dumitrescu Marius-Valentin , Panaitescu Valeriu-Nicolaie
Published: July 2021

The present paper considers the presentation of practical solutions for the realization of smart location, materialized through research on solutions for monitoring parameters and solutions for these locations. In this paper we present: description of the concept of smart location, structures and architectures, realization of a pilot installation of smart location and data aquisition. For these researches was used to monitor electro-mechanical radiation of its own design. We obtained the following results: realization and design of the elements of the housing components with the 123D Design program, processing with the Cura program, obtaining g-code files for transfer to 3D printing, monitors in real time and detects errors or deficiencies in location. The main objective of this paper is to propose a model of technical solution for an smart location, which can be applicable in the maritime field, respectively to ships in the engine room or other location onboard.
Dimensional characteristics of grist intermediate products obtained in the first two technological passages in the reduction phase of an industrial milling plant
Authors: Constantin Gabriel-Alexandru , Voicu Gheorghe , Stefan Elena-Madalina , Munteanu Mariana-Gabriela , Musuroi Gabriel , Voicea Iulian
Published: July 2021

After the wheat is coarsely grinded in the breakage technological phase and after a certain percentage of flour and bran has been extracted here, the crushing is continued in the reduction technological phase. The paper presents the flow of grist products at the first two technological passages from the reduction phase of an industrial milling unit. Samples taken from these two technological passages were subjected to a granulometric analysis, and with the experimental data a nonlinear correlation was performed with the Rosin-Rammler law, obtaining correlation coefficients of over 0.954. The paper also discusses the limits of the dimensions between which the particles of each fraction are sorted at the first two technological passages in the reduction phase. The analysis performed in this paper can serve in establishing the fabrics of the sifting frames from the plansifter compartments, respectively when adjusting the roller mills.
Installation of submarine cables and pipes in shallow waters and connecting them to the shore by the method of horizontal directional drilling
Authors: Vasilescu Valeriu-Florian , Dinu Dumitru
Published: July 2021

This article presents the horizontal directional drilling (HDD) as one of the most suitable technique used to reduce the impact on the environment during the submarine pipe and cable installation process, especially in the coastal area and shallow waters. HDD is a technique used to drill a subsea tunnel or under other designated area with the goal to pull a pipe or other facility through the drilled underground tunnel. With the development of the offshore natural gas and wind industry, the demand for the construction of transfer pipeline and cables has also increased. The installation of submarine pipelines and cables can have negative effects on the marine environment. This is one of the main reasons that construction and operation of offshore wind energy systems has been and continues to be regarded with scepticism by environmental activists, despite the undeniable benefits of this renewable energy source. The main objectives of this article are to emphasize the importance of using this technique but also to highlight the benefits, in particular by significantly reducing the impact on the marine environment.
Technologies used for food preservation using microwaves
Authors: Sorică Elena , Sorică Cristian Marian , Cristea Mario , Grigore Iulia Andreea
Published: July 2021

Food preservation is the process of treating food, with the aim of preserving its qualities for as long as possible. Extending the freshness period for processed foods has been and is a continuing challenge for producers in the food industry. New technologies and conservation methodologies are continuously researched, which will have as little effect as possible on the nutritional value of the products. Microwave food processing is constantly evolving, rapid heating and high energy efficiency are the major advantages of using this technology. The paper presents a study regarding the preservation of food products using microwaves, its acting mechanism and other applications of microwaves for food processing, as well as some installations and equipment that use this technology.
Considerations regarding the anti-icing system for the ship propulsion plant with gas turbine
Authors: Balan George Iulian , Volintiru Octavian Narcis , Scurtu Ionut Cristian , Ioniță Florin , Vasile Mirela Letitia , Borzea Claudia
Published: July 2021

Vessels that have navigation routes in areas with ambient temperatures that can drop below + 5 [°C], with a relative humidity of over 65%, will have implemented technical solutions for monitoring and combating ice accumulations in the intake routes of gas turbine power plants. Because gas turbines are not designed and built to allow the admission of foreign objects (in this case - ice), it is necessary to avoid the accumulation of ice through anti-icing systems and not to melt ice through defrost systems. Naval anti-icing systems may have as a source of energy flow compressed air, supersaturated steam, exhaust gases, electricity or a combination of those listed. The monitoring and optimization of the operation of the anti-icing system gives the gas turbine power plant an operation as close as possible to the normal regimes stipulated in the ship's construction or retrofit specification.