bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creating overlapping genes by alternate-frame insertion
Authors: Leonard Sean P. , Halvorsen Tiffany , Lim Bentley , Park Dan M. , Jiao Yongqin , Yung Mimi , Ricci Dante
Published: November 2024

Overlapping genes–wherein two different proteins are translated from alternative frames of the same DNA sequence–provide a means to stabilize an engineered gene by directly linking its evolutionary fate with that of an overlapped gene. However, creating overlapping gene pairs is challenging as it requires redesign of both protein products to accommodate overlap constraints. Here, we present a new “overlapping,alternate-frame insertion” (OAFI) method for creating overlapping genes byinsertionof an “inner” gene, encoded in an alternate frame, into a flexible region of an “outer” gene. Using OAFI, we create new overlapping gene pairs of bacterial toxins within an antibiotic resistance gene. We show that both the inner and outer genes retain functionality despite redesign, with translation of the inner gene is influenced by its overlap position in the outer gene. Additionally, we show that selection for the outer gene alters the permitted inactivating mutations in the inner gene and that overlapping toxins can restrict horizontal gene transfer of the antibiotic resistance gene. Overall, OAFI offers a versatile tool for synthetic biology, expanding the applications of overlapping genes in gene stabilization and biocontainment.
GCfix: A Fast and Accurate Fragment Length-Specific Method for Correcting GC Bias in Cell-Free DNA
Authors: Rahman Chowdhury Rafeed , Poh Zhong Wee , Skanderup Anders Jacobsen , Wong Limsoon
Published: November 2024

Motivation

Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) analysis has wide-ranging clinical applications due to its non-invasive nature. However, cfDNA fragmentomics and copy number analysis can be complicated by GC bias. There is a lack of GC correction software based on rigorous cfDNA GC bias analysis. Furthermore, there is no standardized metric for comparing GC bias correction methods across large sample sets, nor a rigorous experiment setup to demonstrate their effectiveness on cfDNA data at various coverage levels.

Results

We present GCfix, a method for robust GC bias correction in cfDNA data across diverse coverages. Developed following an in-depth analysis of cfDNA GC bias at the region and fragment length levels, GCfix is both fast and accurate. It works on all reference genomes and generates correction factors, tagged BAM files, and corrected coverage tracks. We also introduce two orthogonal performance metrics for (1) comparing the fragment count density distribution of GC content between expected and corrected samples, and (2) evaluating coverage profile improvement post-correction. GCfix outperforms existing cfDNA GC bias correction methods on these metrics.

Availability

GCfix software and code for reproducing the figures are publicly accessible on GitHub:https://github.com/Rafeed-bot/GCfix_Software.
Upscaling production of immunogenic poliovirus virus-like particles inPichia Pastorisby controlled fermentation
Authors: Sherry Lee , Grehan Keith , Bahar Mohammad W , Swanson Jessica J , Fox Helen , Matthews Sue , Carlyle Sarah , Qin Ling , Porta Claudine , Wilkinson Steven , Robb Suzanne , Clark Naomi , Liddell John , Fry Elizabeth E , Stuart David I , Macadam Andrew J , Rowlands David J , Stonehouse Nicola J
Published: November 2024

The success of the poliovirus (PV) vaccines has enabled the near-eradication of wild PV, however, their continued use post-eradication poses a significant threat to maintaining a polio-free world. Recombinant virus-like particles (VLPs) that lack the viral genome remove this risk. Here, we demonstrate the production of PV VLPs for all three serotypes by controlled fermentation usingPichia pastoris. We determined the cryo-EM structure of a new PV-2 mutant, termed SC5a, in comparison to PV-2 SC6b VLPs described previously and investigated the immunogenicity of PV-2 SC5a VLPs. Finally, a trivalent immunogenicity trial using bioreactor-derived VLPs of all three serotypes in the presence of Alhydrogel adjuvant, showed that these VLPs outperform the current IPV vaccine in the standard vaccine potency assay, offering the potential for dose-sparing. Overall, these results provide further evidence that yeast-produced VLPs have the potential to be a next-generation polio vaccine in a post-eradication world.
Phenotypic plasticity in bacterial elongation among closely related species
Authors: Delaby Marie , Yang Liu , Jacq Maxime , Gallagher Kelley A , Kysela David T , Hughes Velocity , Pulido Francisco , Veyrier Frederic J. , VanNieuwenhze Michael S. , Brun Yves V.
Published: November 2024

Cell elongation is a fundamental component of the bacterial cell cycle and has been studied over many decades, in part owing to its mechanisms being a target of numerous antibiotic classes. While several distinct modes of cell elongation have been described, these studies have largely relied on a handful of model bacterial species. Therefore, we have a limited view of the diversity of cell elongation approaches that are employed by bacteria, and how these vary in response to evolutionary and environmental influences. Here, by employing fluorescent D-amino acids (FDAAs) to track the spatiotemporal dynamics of elongation, we reveal previously unsuspected diversity of elongation modes among closely related species of theCaulobacteraceae, with species-specific combinations of dispersed, midcell and polar elongation that can be either unidirectional or bidirectional. Using genetic, cell biology, and phylogenetic approaches, we demonstrate that evolution of unidirectional-midcell elongation is accompanied by changes in the localization pattern of the peptidoglycan synthase PBP2 and infer that elongation complexes display a high degree of phenotypic plasticity, both among theCaulobacteraceaeand more widely among the Alphaproteobacteria. Demonstration that even closely related bacterial species employ highly distinct mechanisms of cell elongation reshapes our understanding of the evolution and regulation of bacterial cell growth, with broad implications for bacterial morphology, adaptation, and antibiotic resistance.
Comparative Aerosol Persistence of HypermucoidKlebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Chirichella Nicole , Beddingfield Brandon J. , Redmann Rachel , Norton Elizabeth B. , Kolls Jay K. , Roy Chad J.
Published: November 2024

Klebsiella pneumoniaeis becoming an increasing cause for concern due to antibiotic resistance and emerging hypervirulent strains. It results in a wide variety of infections, most commonly pneumonia. Immunocompromised individuals and those needing ventilators are among the most at-risk for infection and systemic spread. It is crucial to further understand the behavior ofK. pneumoniaeto prevent future infections and severe illness. In the past, little research has examinedK. pneumoniaein the air to determine whether aerosol transmission is a realistic infection pathway. Therefore, we observed survival of K. pneumoniae suspensions using a 10.7 L custom-built rotating chamber, characterizing laboratory and clinical strains in separate aerosol events. Airborne bacterial suspensions were assessed by culture and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The K2 laboratory strain remained viable until yielding no colony forming units (CFU) at 16 hours. K1 clinical strain did not become unculturable until 32 hours. For each strain, qPCR data showed Ct values slightly increased as time in drum also increased. Our data suggestsK. pneumoniaecan survive after multiple hours in the air, indicating aerosol transmission ofK. pneumoniaeis a possible infection pathway.
Decoding protein dynamicity in DNA ligase activity through deep learning-based structural ensembles
Authors: Mishra Nitesh , Callaghan Sean , Briney Bryan
Published: November 2024

Numerous proteins perform their functions by transitioning between various structures. Understanding the conformational ensembles associated with these states is essential for uncovering crucial mechanistic aspects that regulate protein function. In this study, we utilized AlphaFold3 (AF3) to investigate the structural dynamics and mechanisms of enzymes involved in DNA homeostasis, using NAD-dependent Taq ligases and human DNA Ligase 1 as a case example. Modifying the input parameters for AF3 yielded detailed conformational states of a DNA-binding enzyme, thereby offering enhanced mechanistic insights. We applied AF3 to model the various stages of thermophilic Taq DNA ligase activity, from its ground state to substrate-bound complexes, revealing significant mobility in the N-terminal adenylation and C-terminal BRCT domains. These detailed structural ensembles provided novel insights into the enzyme’s behavior during DNA repair, underscoring the potential of AF3 in elucidating mechanistic details critical for therapeutic and biotechnological targeting. Extending this approach to human LIG1, we examined its end-joining activity on double-strand breaks (DSBs) with short 3’ and 5’ overhangs. In alignment with published experimental data, AF3 conformational ensembles indicated LIG1 has lower catalytic efficiency for 5’ overhangs due to suboptimal DNA positioning within the catalytic site, demonstrating AF3’s capability to capture subtle yet functionally significant conformational differences by generating conformational ensembles capturing greater structural variance.
Rab40 GTPases regulate AMBRA1-mediated transcription and cell migration
Authors: Sampath Revathi , Vaeth Katherine , Mikalayeva Valeryia , Skeberdis Vytenis Arvydas , Prekeris Rytis , Han Ke-Jun
Published: November 2024

The Rab40 subfamily are unique small monomeric GTPases that form CRL5-based ubiquitin E3 ligase complex and regulate ubiquitylation of specific target proteins. Recent studies have shown that Rab40s play an important role in regulating cell migration, but the underlying mechanisms of Rab40/CRL5 complex function are still not fully understood. In this study we identified AMBRA1 as a novel binding partner of Rab40 GTPases and showed that this interaction mediates a bi-directional crosstalk between CRL4 and CRL5 E3 ligases. Importantly, we found that Rab40/CRL5 ubiquitylates AMBRA1, which does not result in AMBRA1 degradation, but instead it seems to induce AMBRA1-dependent regulation of gene transcription. The global transcriptional profiles identified by RNA-seq showed that AMBRA1 regulates transcription of genes related to cell adhesion and migration. Additionally, we have shown that AMBRA1-dependent transcription regulation does not require the enzymatic activity of AMBRA1/CRL4, and that Rab40-induced AMBRA1 ubiquitylation leads to dissociation of AMBRA1/CRL4 complex. Taken together, our findings reveal a novel function of Rab40/CRL5 complex as an important regulator for AMBRA1-dependent transcription of genes involved in cell migration.
High-density gas target at the LHCb experiment
Authors: Garcia O. Boente , Bregliozzi G. , Calegari D. , Carassiti V. , Ciullo G. , Coco V. , Collins P. , Pinto P. Costa , De Angelis C. , Di Nezza P. , Dumps R. , Ferro-Luzzi M. , Fleuret F. , Graziani G. , Kotriakhova S. , Lenisa P. , Lu Q. , Lucarelli C. , Maurice E. , Mariani S. , Mattioli K. , Milovanovic M. , Pappalardo L. L. , Parragh D. M. , Piccoli A. , Sainvitu P. , Salvant B. , Sanders F. , Santimaria M. , Sestak J. , Squerzanti S. , Steffens E. , Tagliente G. , Vollenberg W. , Vollinger C.
Published: November 2024

The recently installed internal gas target at LHCb presents exceptional opportunities for an extensive physics program for heavy-ion, hadron, spin, and astroparticle physics. A storage cell placed in the LHC primary vacuum, an advanced Gas Feed System, the availability of multi-TeV proton and ion beams, and the recent upgrade of the LHCb detector make this project unique worldwide. In this paper, we outline the main components of the system, the physics prospects it offers, and the hardware challenges encountered during its implementation. The commissioning phase has yielded promising results, demonstrating that fixed-target collisions can occur concurrently with the collider mode without compromising efficient data acquisition and high-quality reconstruction of beam-gas and beam-beam interactions.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Charged critical behavior and nonperturbative continuum limit of three-dimensional lattice
SU(Nc)
gauge Higgs models
Authors: Bonati Claudio , Pelissetto Andrea , Soler Calero Ivan , Vicari Ettore
Published: November 2024

We consider three-dimensional (3D) lattice SU(Nc) gauge Higgs theories with multicomponent (Nf>1) degenerate scalar fields and U(Nf) global symmetry, focusing on systems with Nc=2, to identify critical behaviors that can be effectively described by the corresponding 3D SU(Nc) gauge Higgs field theory. The field-theoretical analysis of the RG flow allows one to identify a stable charged fixed point for large values of Nf, that would control transitions characterized by the global symmetry-breaking pattern U(Nf)→SU(2)⊗U(Nf−2). Continuous transitions with the same symmetry-breaking pattern are observed in the SU(2) lattice gauge model for Nf≥30. Here we present a detailed finite-size scaling analysis of the Monte Carlo data for several large values of Nf. The results are in substantial agreement with the field-theoretical predictions obtained in the large-Nf limit. This provides evidence that the SU(Nc) gauge Higgs field theories provide the correct effective description of the 3D large-Nf continuous transitions between the disordered and the Higgs phase, where the flavor symmetry breaks to SU(2)⊗U(Nf−2). Therefore, at least for large enough Nf, the 3D SU(Nc) gauge Higgs field theories with multicomponent scalar fields can be nonperturbatively defined by the continuum limit of lattice discretized models with the same local and global symmetries.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Binary neutron star mergers in massive scalar-tensor theory: Properties of postmerger remnants
Authors: Lam Alan Tsz-Lok , Kuan Hao-Jui , Shibata Masaru , Van Aelst Karim , Kiuchi Kenta
Published: November 2024

We investigate the properties of postmerger remnants of binary neutron star mergers in the framework of Damour–Esposito-Farese-type scalar-tensor theory of gravity with a massive scalar field by numerical relativity simulation. It is found that the threshold mass for prompt collapse is raised in the presence of the excited scalar field. Our simulation results also suggest the existence of a long-lived ϕ mode in hypermassive neutron stars due to the presence of the massive scalar field that enhances the quasiradial oscillation in the remnant. We investigate the descalarization condition in hypermassive neutron stars and discover a distinctive signature in postmerger gravitational waves.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Demonstration of a programmable optical lattice atom interferometer
Authors: LeDesma Catie , Mehling Kendall , Shao Jieqiu , Wilson John Drew , Axelrad Penina , Nicotra Marco , Anderson Dana Z. , Holland Murray
Published: November 2024

Performing interferometry in an optical lattice formed by standing waves of light offers potential advantages over its free-space equivalents since the atoms can be confined and manipulated by the optical potential. We demonstrate such an interferometer in a one-dimensional lattice and show the ability to control the atoms by imaging and reconstructing the wave function at many stages during its cycle. An acceleration signal is applied, and the resulting performance is seen to be close to the optimum possible for the time-space area enclosed according to quantum theory. Our methodology of machine design enables the sensor to be reconfigurable on the fly, and when scaled up, offers the potential to make state-of-the art inertial and gravitational sensors that will have a wide range of potential applications.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Position-independent product increase rate in a shaker mill revealed by position-resolved in situ synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction
Authors: Kasai Hidetaka , Nishibori Eiji
Published: November 2024

We investigated the position and time dependence of a mechanochemical reaction induced by ball milling using in situ synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction with changing X-ray irradiation position. The mechanochemical reduction of AgCl with Cu was monitored in situ with the X-rays incident at two different vertical positions on the jar. Our previously developed multi-distance Rietveld method was applied to analyze the in situ diffraction data with a 1 min resolution. Both the vertical and the horizontal sample positions were determined using the sample-to-detector distances from the in situ data. Position dependence was found in the powder spreading and induction time. We reveal that the increase rate of the product is independent of the sample position when measured with a 1 min time resolution, confirming the validity of in situ monitoring of part of the space in a milling jar for a gradual mechanochemical reaction.
Crystal structure and Hirshfeld-surface analysis of an etoxazole metabolite designated R13
Authors: Mohan Kumar Thaluru M. , Bhaskar Besagarahally L. , Priyanka Prabhakar , Divakara Thayamma R. , Yathirajan Hemmige S. , Parkin Sean
Published: November 2024

The etoxazole metabolite R13, systematic name 4-(4-tert-butyl-2-ethoxyphenyl)-2-(2,6-difluorophenyl)oxazole (C21H21F2NO2), results from the oxidation of etoxazole, a chitin synthesis inhibitor belonging to the oxazoline class, widely used as an insecticide/acaricide since 1998. The structure of R13 features a central oxazole ring with attached 2,6-difluorophenyl and 4-t-butyl-2-ethoxyphenyl moieties. The overall conformation gives dihedral angles between these rings and the oxazole of 24.91 (5)° (with difluorophenyl) and 15.30 (6)° (with t-butyl-ethoxyphenyl), indicating an overall deviation from planarity. Additionally, torsion angles of the ethoxy and t-butyl groups define the orientation of these substituents relative to their benzene ring. In the crystal packing, no significant hydrogen bonds are present, but a Hirshfeld surface analysis highlights weak intermolecular contacts leading to π–π-stacked dimers linked by weak C—H...N contacts. The packing analysis confirms that most intermolecular interactions involve hydrogen atoms.
Crystal structures of two polymorphs for fac-bromidotricarbonyl[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(pyridin-2-yl)thiazole-κ2
N,N′]rhenium(I)
Authors: Matsuda Yuki , Nakamura Ryota , Ozawa Yoshiki , Abe Masaaki
Published: November 2024

Crystallization of the title compound, fac-[ReBr(ppt-OMe)(CO)3] (ppt-OMe = C15H12N2OS), from CH2Cl2/n-pentane (1:5 v/v) at room temperature gave two polymorphs, which crystallize in monoclinic (P21/c; α form) and orthorhombic (Pna21; β form) space groups. The ReI complex molecules in either polymorph adopt a six-coordinate octahedral geometry with three facially-oriented carbonyl ligands, one bromido ligand, and two nitrogen atoms from one chelating ligand ppt-OMe. In the crystal, both polymorph α and β form di-periodic sheet-like architectures supported by multiple hydrogen bonds. In polymorph α, two types of hydrogen bonds (C—H...O) are found while, in polymorph β, four types of hydrogen bonds (C—H...O and C—H...Br) exist.
3aH,4H,5H,8H,9H,9aH-Cycloocta[d][1,3]dioxole-2-thione
Authors: Schollmeyer Dieter , Kammler Claudia , Detert Heiner
Published: November 2024

The thionocarbonate of trans-cyclooctenediol, C9H12O2S, crystallizes with a 9/1 disorder in the position of the R,R and S,S-enantiomers. As a result of trans-annulation, both rings adopt a twist conformation.
Tris(4-chlorophenyl) phosphate
Authors: Birch Joshua , Hosten Eric Cyriel , Betz Richard
Published: November 2024

The title compound, C18H12Cl3O4P, is the symmetric phosphate derived from para-chlorophenol and phosphoric acid. Two of the three aromatic moieties adopt syn-orientation towards the P=O bond while the last chlorophenol ring is pointing away from this bond. In the extended structure, C—H...O bonds connect the individual molecules into sheets lying perpendicular to the crystallographic b axis.
Factors influencing business model change: a case study for the European crop protection industry
Authors: Bourgeois Liselot , Van Meensel Jef , Marchand Fleur , Van Passel Steven
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This paper proposes a theoretical framework for the comprehensive study of business model (BM) change by taking different types of influencing factors and different levels of analysis into account (business, industry and macro-environment).

Design/methodology/approach

Evaluation of the added value of using the combination of three existing frameworks (the business model canvas (Osterwalder and Pigneur, 2010), Porter’s five forces framework (Porter, 1980) and PESTEL (Johnson et al., 2017)) based on semi-structured interviews with eight companies active in the European crop protection industry. The proposed theoretical framework was used to analyse several BM change situations as presented by the companies.

Findings

Our findings reveal that the study of BM change is improved when a third type of influencing factors is considered besides drivers and facilitating/hindering factors. This third type includes factors that shape cohesion between BM components or between the BM and its environment. Second, the interaction of different types of influencing factors at different levels of analysis should be considered, as this generates a comprehensive view of the BM change situation.

Originality/value

This paper meets the demand for a theoretical handle that results in improved and more comprehensive analysis of BM change. The proposed theoretical framework combines different types of internal (business) and external (industry and macro-environment) factors that shape a BM change and considers their interaction.
Exploratory analysis of influential factors in the choices of using single-use or reusable cups in vending
Authors: Bertossi Alberto , Rizzi Laura , Troiano Stefania , Marangon Francesco
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study investigates the variables that play a role in the purchase intention of a hot beverage at a vending machine (1) served in a 100% recyclable plastic single-use cup, (2) served in a biodegradable paper single-use cup and (3) served in personal, reusable cups brought by customers. The variables considered are perceived environmental benefits (PEBs), perceived contamination risk (PCR), social norms (SNs), value for money (VM), gender and age. The secondary objective is to investigate respondents’ perceptions of these cups using the first four variables and to assess the existence of significant differences among them.

Design/methodology/approach

For the first purpose, three separate logistic regression models on purchase intention were created, considering PEBs, PCR, SNs, VM, gender and age as independent variables. For the second purpose, the analysis relied on Friedman’s nonparametric test. The entire survey was conducted in Italy on a sample of 1,006 consumers.

Findings

SNs and VM are the variables with the greatest influence on final purchase intention. PEBs seem to have an effect only in the case of the plastic and paper single-use cups, while PCR only in the case of the reusable cup. Neither gender nor age seem to play a significant role in final purchase intention. Friedman’s test revealed significant differences among the three cup types in terms of perceptions, but not in the case of the PCR variable.

Originality/value

The study is the first to compare new single-use cups with reusable cups from vending machines in terms of consumers’ perceptions and preferences.
Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on household food insecurity: evidence from the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Ali Beshir M. , Manikas Ioannis , Sundarakani Balan
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The objective of this study was to measure the prevalence and severity of food insecurity in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) during May 2021 to June 2022, and to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on household food insecurity.

Design/methodology/approach

This study measured the prevalence of household food insecurity in UAE during May 2021 to June 2022 by employing FAO’s Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on household food security was evaluated by employing a truncated regression model, using survey data from 504 respondents.

Findings

About 34% of the households were found to be food secure. About 22% of them experienced moderate or severe food insecurity (i.e. have eaten less than they thought should have) whereas almost none have experienced severe food insecurity during the sample period. The truncated model results show that households’ region of residence, livelihood source, education level, income and number of elderlies have a significant association with the probability of experiencing food insecurity. The pandemic-induced unemployment and disruptions in physical access to food positively associated with the probability of experiencing food insecurity.

Social implications

It is critical to regularly monitor households’ food security status, and design strategies that explicitly consider the food security status of UAE’s significant expat population; most of whom are migrant manual labourers earning low wages, are less job-secured and have poorer access to health care.

Originality/value

Although several studies assessed the impact of the pandemic on food security in different countries, there is a lack of studies assessing the impact of the pandemic on food security in the import-dependent Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, whose food security might be severely impacted due to the COVID-19-induced global food supply chain disruptions. Our application of the truncated regression model also contributes to the food security literature.
Rayleigh wave propagation in an initially stressed orthotropic elastic solid half-space lying under inviscid liquid and viscous liquid layers
Authors: Gaddam Rajkumar , Kamidi Somaiah , Remidi Srinivas
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this article is the propagation of Rayleigh waves in a homogeneous, isotropic, initially stressed orthotropic elastic solid half-space lying under a homogeneous, viscous, inviscid liquid layer of finite thickness.

Design/methodology/approach

In the presence of both viscous and inviscid liquids, it derives the phase velocity, initial stress, and wave number-dependent frequency equation for an orthotropic elastic solid. With the help of the MATLAB program, the thickness effects of liquid layers, initial stress, and viscosity on the phase velocity and attenuation coefficient of the Rayleigh wave are explained for a particular model.

Findings

The phase velocity-dependent dispersion relation of Rayleigh waves at the interface of viscous liquid and solid half-space is a function of initial stress and wave number. Rayleigh waves along the free surface of an orthotropic elastic half-space are also derived as a particular case. The classical results of an inviscid liquid are achieved when the thickness of a viscous liquid approaches zero. Well-known classical results for initially stressed orthotropic elastic solids were also derived.

Originality/value

So far, many researchers have looked into the propagation of surface waves at the interfaces of solid–inviscid liquid, solid–solid, and multilayer interfaces. But in this article, the dispersion behavior of Rayleigh wave propagation in an initially stressed homogeneous orthotropic elastic solid half-space under a double layer of viscous liquid and inviscid liquid is studied.
Institutional quality configuration for encouraging private capital participation in PPP projects: evidence from 36 belt and road countries
Authors: Wang Liyang , Sun Yanfang , Tiong Robert L.K.
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to explore how institutional quality impacts private capital participation in large-scale infrastructure development, particularly in public–private partnership (PPP) projects, aiming to enhance incentives for private sector involvement.

Design/methodology/approach

Building on new institutional theory, a triangular theoretical framework was constructed to analyze the high participation of private capital in PPP projects, focusing on seven key institutional factors. Data from 1,319 PPP projects across 36 Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) countries from 2015 to 2020 were then analyzed using a combination of necessary condition analysis (NCA) and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to evaluate the combined impact and interactions of these factors.

Findings

Results indicate that high private capital participation does not hinge on a single institutional quality factor but results from the synergistic influence of multiple factors. The paths leading to high private capital participation can be categorized as regulatory-led, normative-cognitive synergistic, regulatory-normative synergistic and institutional failure-led. Among these, regulatory quality plays a central role in the regulatory-led; the synergy between political stability and voice and accountability is pivotal in the normative-cognitive synergistic, and the rule of law, in combination with voice and accountability, is essential to the regulatory-normative synergistic.

Originality/value

This research systematically examines the multidimensional impact of institutional quality, revealing how different institutional factors interact to influence private capital’s willingness to participate and behavior. It enriches applied research in institutional economics within PPP projects and provides a new theoretical perspective and methodological framework to the scholarly community.
Limitations of trust and legitimacy in blockchain: exploring the effectiveness of decentralisation, immutability and consensus mechanisms in blockchain governance
Authors: Curry Dion
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This paper examines to what extent blockchain creates legitimacy and trust in different modes of public governance. It posits that while blockchain aims for political legitimacy through decentralising, immutable and consensus-based mechanisms, the execution of these mechanisms is limited in legitimating governance, which has knock-on effects on trust. It provides an original contribution by recontextualising and reframing blockchain as a governance mechanism that should, and must, perform a legitimating function in order to engender trust.

Design/methodology/approach

The research adopts a comprehensive framework for understanding the legitimacy of blockchain governance, positioning it in terms of co-governance, self-governance and hierarchical governance modes. It systematically analyses blockchain whitepapers, legislation, government documents and other sources in three paradigmatic case studies where blockchain governance failed. These cases are then used to assess blockchain according to three key characteristics of decentralisation, immutability and consensus.

Findings

The research finds that blockchain’s use in governance settings still relies on legitimacy conferred from other sources – namely state – in order to generate trust. Significant limitations in its de facto political decentralisation, immutability and consensus protocols can create failures in co-governance, self-governance and hierarchical-governance applications, thus limiting the legitimation function of blockchain in facilitating political trust.

Originality/value

These findings are significant in highlighting blockchain’s limitations as a decentralised, immutable and consensus-driven legitimating tool, which has knock-on effects on trust in technology and governance more broadly. It also has broader implications in more clearly highlighting the interconnectedness of political trust and legitimacy in governance processes.
Social protection for inclusive growth: a tale of two countries Pakistan and Bangladesh
Authors: Nisar Sadaf , Chaudhry Mumtaz Anwar , Awan Asma , Faisal Faisal , Rahman Sami Ur
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This paper examines and compares the role of social protection to promote inclusive growth in two countries (once related), Pakistan and Bangladesh, from 1984 to 2020, using annual time series data.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used principal component analysis to develop the index of social protection, inclusive growth and macroeconomic stability. It also employed co-integration with impulse response function and fully modified ordinary least squares test for long-run cointegration.

Findings

The key results highlighted that social protection positively promotes inclusive growth in both countries. However, Bangladesh attains a high position in achieving inclusive growth through the mechanism of welfare programs. Findings show that institutional quality, macroeconomic stability and globalization are the positive and significant drivers of inclusive growth in both countries. It also confirms that macroeconomic stability and globalization are contributing more to achieving inclusive growth in Bangladesh as compared to Pakistan.

Practical implications

Institutions and macroeconomic stability in both countries are critical toward providing a transparent system of welfare schemes to achieve inclusive growth. Shocks to social protection schemes in Pakistan are inconsistent for achieving inclusive growth as compared to Bangladesh.

Originality/value

The study extends the empirical measurement of social protection and inclusive growth while using protracted dimensions and indicators. It further examines and compares the dynamics of social protection programs for inclusive growth in two countries once related. For further originality and reliability, this study checks the robustness of long-run estimates by disaggregating the institutional quality and globalization into their key dimensions.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-07-2023-0548
Comparison of inelasticity creep failure evaluation codes for elevated-temperature non-nuclear pressure equipment
Authors: Gong Wei , Wang Xiao-Yan , Wang Xiao , Wang Wen , Yang Yan-Li
Published: November 2024

Purpose

To ensure the reliable and safe operation of elevated-temperature pipes and equipment in the long term, it is essential to thoroughly assess the creep rupture life. Nevertheless, there is currently no design code that specifies a creep rupture life evaluation method for non-nuclear elevated-temperature equipment. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach

An analysis was conducted to compare the differences and conservativeness in calculating creep strain using three major codes (ASME-CC-2843, API-579 and BS-7910) based on the results of the 316H creep constitutive model and creep strain prediction. In addition, the creep resistances of 316H, 304H and 347H were compared. Subsequently, the ANSYS Usercreep subroutine was developed to compare the discrepancies between different codes under multiaxial stress conditions using numerical simulations.

Findings

BS-7910 employs the Norton creep model with calculation parameters for the average creep strain rate, which is not applicable for the engineering design stage. ASME-CC2843 code primarily focuses on the primary and secondary creep stages, making it more suitable for non-nuclear pipeline and equipment design. For 316H, the creep strain curves predicted by ASME-CC2843 and API-579 typically intersect at a specific point. By combining the creep strain predicted by ASME-CC2843 and API-579, 347H exhibits superior predicted creep resistance compared to 316H, whereas 316H exhibited better predicted creep resistance than 304H.

Originality/value

This study provides a guide for future evaluation methods and material choices for non-nuclear equipment and pipelines operating at elevated temperatures.
A reliability calculation method based on ISSA-BP neural network
Authors: Wang Jingyuan , Li Yong-Hua , Wang Denglong , Chai Min
Published: November 2024

Purpose

To address the shortcomings of the traditional back propagation (BP) neural network agent model, such as insufficient fitting accuracy and low computational efficiency, an improved method is proposed.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, an improved sparrow search algorithm (ISSA) is developed to optimize the reliability calculation of the BP neural network (ISSA-BP) using an enhanced BP neural network model. The traditional sparrow search algorithm is enhanced by incorporating a golden sine strategy to improve its position-updating mechanism, thereby overcoming its tendency to converge prematurely to local optima. Additionally, an opposition-based learning strategy is integrated to explore the reverse solution around the optimal solution of the sparrow search algorithm, mitigating the risk of local optima.

Findings

The results of the test function demonstrate that the proposed method significantly enhances fitting accuracy while maintaining computational efficiency. Finally, by applying this approach to the metro bogie frame as a case study, the structural reliability of the bogie frame is evaluated using the Monte Carlo method, providing valuable insights for subsequent analysis and structural optimization.

Originality/value

The use of the surrogate model approach for structural reliability analysis significantly improves solution efficiency. Furthermore, the integration of ISSA with the BP neural network enhances both fitting accuracy and computational efficiency, demonstrating the superiority and practicality of the proposed method.
Assessment of the association between aesthetic products and perceived product quality: an analysis of customer attitudes
Authors: Baghirov Fakhri , Zhang Ye
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to high vs. low aesthetic designed products, investigating how perceived quality acts as a mediator between aesthetic design and product attitude. The authors test how different individuals, such as minimalists vs. maximalists, hedonists vs. utilitarians and self-esteem levels, modify this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

Seven hypotheses and a research framework model were developed. Three studies were conducted using the PROCESS Macro V4.3 for analysis, with the results subsequently discussed. A finalized research framework is presented.

Findings

The authors observed that aesthetically pleasing designs positively influence consumer attitudes towards products. Hedonism versus utilitarianism and self-esteem are essential components within the indirect pathway, connecting aesthetic design to perceived quality and subsequently to product attitude, while minimalism directly affects the relationship between aesthetic design and product attitude.

Practical implications

Marketers must comprehend diverse consumer preferences and traits for business success. Perceived quality, distinct from actual quality, strongly shapes pre-purchase product attitudes. Therefore, aligning design with perceived quality is crucial.

Originality/value

This study provides valuable insights into how individual factors influence the choice of products with different aesthetic designs.
Gravity data inversion for parameters assessment over geologically faulted structures—A hybrid particle swarm optimization and gravitational search algorithm technique
Authors: Kumar Nitesh , Sarkar Kuldeep , Singh Upendra K.
Published: November 2024

Interpreting gravity anomalies caused by fault formations is associated with hydrocarbon systems, mineralized areas and hazardous zones and is the main goal of this research. To achieve an effective and robust model over the geologically faulted structures from gravity anomalies, we present a nature‐inspired hybrid algorithm, which synergizes the physics of the particle swarm optimization and gravitational search algorithm with variable inertia weights. The basic principle of developed particle swarm optimization and gravitational search algorithm method is to synergistically use the exploratory strengths of gravitational search algorithm with the exploitation capacity of particle swarm optimization in order to optimize and enhance the effectiveness by both algorithms. The technique has been tested on synthetic gravity data with varying settings of noises over geologically faulted structure before being applied to field data taken from Ahiri‐Cherla and Aswaraopet master fault present in Pranhita–Godavari valley, India. The optimization process is further refined through normalized Gaussian probability density functions, confidence intervals, histograms and correlation matrices to quantify uncertainty, stability, sensitivity and resolution. When dealing with field data, the true model is never known; in these circumstances, the quality of the outcome can only be inferred from the uncertainty in the mean model. The research utilizes a 68.27% confidence intervals to identify a location where the probability density function is more dominant. This region is then used to evaluate the mean model, which is expected to be more appropriate and closer to the genuine model. Correlation matrices further provide a clear demonstration of the strong connection between layer parameters. The results suggest that particle swarm optimization and gravitational search algorithm is less affected by model parameters and yields geologically more consistent outcomes with little uncertainty in the model, aligning well with the available results. The analysed results show that the method we came up with works well and is stable when it comes to solving the two‐dimensional gravity inverse problem. Future research may involve extending the approach to three‐dimensional inversion problems, with potential improvements in computational efficiency and search accuracy for global optimization methods.
Implicating Communication: An Analysis of the US House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure's Investigative Report of the Boeing 737 MAX Crises
Authors: Eshun Ernest A. , Waters Susan , Amoako Richard O.
Published: November 2024

The Boeing 737 MAX crisis, which started in 2018 and continued in 2019, has drawn researchers to investigate the events preceding and after the deadly crashes. The two accidents involving Lion Air Flight 610 and Ethiopian Airways Flight 302 raised safety concerns over one of Boeing's flagship airplanes, the 737 MAX, occasioning a global grounding of the famous airplane. This study delves into the investigative report produced by the US House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure concerning the design, certification, and manufacturing of the 737 MAX. The study utilized qualitative analysis to examine the implicit yet impacting communicative elements embedded in the report. Through the analysis, the study identified patterns of organizational culture, corporate power or hegemony, and capitalism as emerging themes that may have contributed to the catastrophic accidents in 2018 and 2019. Implications for the Trans‐MOC model of organizational culture are discussed.
Subtle changes in topsoil microbial communities of drained forested peatlands after prolonged drought
Authors: Hillgén Oona , Palviainen Marjo , Laurén Annamari , Könönen Mari , Ojala Anne , Pumpanen Jukka , Peltomaa Elina
Published: November 2024

A major consequence of anthropogenic climate change is the intensification and extension of drought periods. Prolonged drought can alter conditions in drained peatlands and cause disturbances in microbial communities in the topsoil layer of the peat. Varying environmental conditions throughout the growing season, such as the availability of organic matter and nutrients, temperature and water table, further impact these communities and consequently affect carbon and nutrient cycles. The impact of drought and new forestry practices is largely unknown in drained peatland forests. We examined how microbial communities change over a growing season in different harvesting intensities (continuous cover forestry, clear‐cut and uncut) in a drained peatland site using bacterial 16S and fungal ITS2 rRNA analysis. We found seasonal differences in bacterial and fungal diversity and species richness, and subtle changes in microbial communities at the phylum and genus levels when comparing various environmental factors. Diversity, species richness and relative abundance differed in spring compared to summer and autumn. However, significant differences in the microbial community structure were not detected. Understanding the responses of microbial communities to disturbances like drought and other environmental factors provides new insights into the consequences of climate change on drained forested peatlands.
Clinical factors associated with high PD‐L1 expression in patients with early‐stage non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Ohara Shuta , Suda Kenichi , Hamada Akira , Chiba Masato , Ito Masaoki , Shimoji Masaki , Takemoto Toshiki , Soh Junichi , Tsutani Yasuhiro
Published: November 2024

Background

Superior outcomes have been obtained for neoadjuvant treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) plus chemotherapy over neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone, especially in patients with high programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression. However, it is not always possible to obtain sufficient tumor specimens for biomarker testing before surgery. In this study, we explored clinical factors that can predict high PD‐L1 expression.

Methods

We retrospectively enrolled 340 lung cancer patients who received pulmonary resection between 2014 and 2023 and who had PD‐L1 expression data. Chi‐squared tests and logistic regression analyses were used to identify clinical factors associated with high PD‐L1 status.

Results

Univariable and multivariable analyses revealed that smoking, high maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission computed tomography (18F‐FDG PET/CT), and high plasma fibrinogen are independent predictors of high PD‐L1 expression. A predictive score for high PD‐L1 expression (ranging from 0 to 3) was developed based on these parameters. Notably, only 5% of patients with a score of 0 exhibited high PD‐L1 expression, whereas this proportion increased to 53% for patients with a score of 3.

Conclusion

These results showed that plasma fibrinogen, smoking history, and SUVmax are predictors of high PD‐L1 expression, providing a basis for identifying patients expected to benefit from neoadjuvant ICI treatment.
Overexpression of TECPR1 improved cognitive function of P301S‐tau mice via activation of autophagy in the early and late process
Authors: Li Ting , Liu Ruijuan , He Ye , Zhang Bingge , Rui Xuexiang , Yang Xifei , Wang Jian‐Zhi , Zeng Juan , Li Gang , Li Xiao , Liu Gong‐Ping
Published: November 2024

Autophagy disorders in AD patients and animal models were well known, however, the effect of P301S‐tau on autophagy is not clear. Here, we found that autophagy related protein Tectonin Beta‐Propeller Repeat‐Containing Protein 1 (TECPR1) decreased in the hippocampus of P301S‐tau transgenic mice by proteomics, which was proved in vivo and in vitro, and P301S‐tau induced autophagic deficits in early and late process. TECPR1 overexpression attenuated P301S‐tau induced autophagy defects via promoting autophagosome generation and autophagosome and lysosomes fusion. We also found that TECPR1 overexpression ameliorated the behavior disorders of P301S‐tau mice with promoting tau degradation, improving synaptic plasticity and neuron loss. Lastly, CQ or 3‐MA treatment reversed TECPR1 induced improvement effects on autophagic and cognitive disorders, further proved that, TECPR1 activated the early and late process of autophagy to ameliorate the cognition of P301S‐tau mice. Our data suggest that TECPR1 is a potential therapy target for AD.