bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mental States as Factors of Professional Conceptions Development in Students
Authors: Gaponova S.A. , Lovkov S.G. , Gavrina E.E. , Andreeva G.B.
Published: May 2022

The article presents results of an empirical study of professional conceptions. Understanding the mechanism underlying the development of professional conceptions is an important factor in building the educational environment in a modern university. At the same time, the accumulated scientific knowledge does not allow us to determine all the factors affecting its development. The purpose of the study is to identify factors that impede the development of professional conceptions in students. Our hypothesis is that among the factors that significantly slow down the development of professional conceptions in students are negative emotional states that arise through educational and professional activities. The study was conducted on the basis of the Nizhny Novgorod State University named after Kozma Minin. The sample included 93 students aged from 18 to 26 years, 73 females and 20 males, including 67 second-year students and 26 fourth-year students. As a technique for determining professional conceptions we used a questionnaire of professional conceptions by E.I. Rogov. To estimate the level of development of professional conceptions, the repertory grids technique by D. Kelly was used. The individual style of activity was evaluated using the questionnaire “Behaviour self-regulation style” by V.I. Morosanova. Self-concepts of the subjects as representatives of the certain profession were measured using the technique by M. Kuhn and T. McPartland “Who am I” (adapted by T.V. Rumyantseva). The results showed significant differences in terms of clarity and evaluation (p <0.05) which are higher in fourth-year students. In order to identify the influence of negative emotional experiences on the development of professional conceptions, a formative experiment was conducted. The experimental group included 51 second-year students, the control group — 45. Of these, 11 were male and 85 female. According to the results of the experiment, the level of development of the emotional component of professional conceptions in the experimental group was higher than in the control group. The results can be used to form adequate professional conceptions in students.
Evaluating Academic Adaptation in Students: A New Technique
Authors: Shamionov R.M. , Grigoryeva M.V. , Grinina E.S. , Sozonnik A.V.
Published: May 2022

Evaluation of academic adaptation in students is an important aspect of their incorporation into the educational environment of university. Academic adaptation can be considered a complex multicomponent formation that requires a specially developed tool to measure an individual’s ability to adapt to the educational environment in general. The aim of the research was to develop, validate and standardize a special technique for evaluating academic adaptation in university students. The study involved 419 1—4-year students aged 17—26, with the average age of M=19.6 SD=2.8 (18.4% male). A questionnaire was used to assess socio-demographic characteristics. To assess the academic potential, we used a technique called “Adaptability” by A.G. Maklakov and S.V. Chermenin. We assumed that academic adaptation includes cognitive, emotional, motivational, psychophysiological, communicative and personal components. Our technique includes six scales matching these components and a separate integral scale. In the process of designing the technique we tested its reliability, face, content and convergent validity and standardization. The results of these testing showed that the technique has good psychometric indicators and can be used both for research and applied purposes.
Aktivitas Antioksidan Kolagen dari Kulit Ikan Patin (Pangasius sp.) dengan Enzim Bromelin Kasar Kulit Nanas (Ananas comosus L.)
Authors: Yanti Fitri , Dharmayanti Niken , Suryanti Suryanti
Published: May 2022

Kulit patin merupakan salah satu hasil samping industri perikanan memiliki kandungan senyawa yang berpotensi sebagai sumber alternatif kolagen mengandung aktivitas antioksidan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan aktivitas antioksidan yang terkandung dalam kolagen dari kulit ikan patin diekstraksi dengan enzim bromelin kasar dari kulit buah nanas. Kolagen dibuat dengan menggunakan enzim bromelin kasar dari kulit nanas dengan aktifitas 1.0 U/g dengan beberapa tahapan yaitu praperlakuan, deproteinase, degrasing dan ekstraksi, data perlakuan dengan kombinasi waktu perendaman dan kosentrasi enzim bromelin kasar, dengan waktu perendaman 3 jam, 3,5 jam dan 4 jam dan kosentrasi enzim bromelin kasar 0; 1,5; 2%, dianalisis dengan statistik menggunakan RAL faktorial. Hasil dari pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa kelarutan terbaik didapat pada perlakuan T3.E2 yaitu 98,96%, Viskositas terbaik yaitu 22,67 cP , derajat keasaman (pH) terbaik pada T1.E2 yaitu 6,73, berat molekul α1, α2, β dan γ adalah : 131,51 kda, 110,48 kda, 202,48 kda dan 243,93 kda, aktivitas antioksidan terbaik pada perlakuan T1.E3 yaitu 20,45 ferrous sulfate/g.
Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Ekstrak dan Tepung Ikan Gabus dan Potensinya sebagai Imunodulator
Authors: Niga Maria Ivan Budju , Suptijah Pipih , Trilaksani Wini
Published: May 2022

Ikan gabus (Channa striata) mengandung fraksi protein albumin yang besar dan potensial digunakan sebagai biofarmasi serta bahan substitusi albumin manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan lama waktu pengukusan dan profil tepung ikan serta ekstrak daging dan ekstrak daging ikan dengan penyaringan dari ikan gabus sebagai sediaan imunomodulator. Ekstraksi albumin menggunakan metode pengukusan dengam lama pengukusan berbeda (10, 15, 20, dan 25 menit) dan albumin dianalisis menggunakan metode Bromocresol Green (BCG). Penelitian ini meliputi analisis proksimat dan logam berat ikan gabus, ekstraksi, analisis mineral, kadar albumin, berat molekul menggunakan SDS-PAGE, gugus fungsi menggunakan FTIR, ukuran partikel dan asam amino. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa daging ikan gabus mengandung air 80,93%, lemak 1,37%, protein 16,76%, abu 0,65% dan karbohidrat 1,28%. Kandungan logam berat daging ikan gabus yaitu Hg 0,013-0,28 ppm dan Pb 0-0,637 ppm. Ekstraksi menghasilkan albumin daging segar 4,8 g/100 mL, ektrak daging 3,76 g/100mL, ekstrak daging dengan penyaringan 4,6g/100 mL dan tepung ikan 3,8 g/100 mL. Tepung ikan mengandung kadar protein 85,80%, air 9,26%, abu 2,67%, lemak 2,06% dan energi total 362,58 kkal/ 100 g. Ekstrak daging dengan penyaringan mengandung asam amino serina, lisina, asam aspartat, alanina, dan asam glutamat, serapan gelombang albumin 1.644,96 dengan berat molekul 63 hingga 70 kDa dan terdapat molekul IgG sebagai sediaan imunomodulator.
Karakterisasi Jeroan Ikan Cakalang sebagai Skrining Awal Bahan Baku Perangkap Lalat Rumah Musca domestica dan Antibakteri
Authors: Garwan Rahmatia , Kusumaningrum Harsi , Tati Nurhayati  , Lioe Hanifah Nuryani
Published: May 2022

Jeroan ikan cakalang yang kaya protein berpotensi sebagai sumber senyawa perangkap lalat rumah Musca domestica maupun sumber antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi potensi jeroan ikan cakalang berupa lambung, usus, hati dan campuran sebagai sumber komponen perangkap lalat rumah dan antibakteri. Jeroan ikan cakalang disimpan selama dua hari pada suhu ruang. Kadar air, protein, TVB, komposisi asam amino, aktivitas perangkap lalat, dan aktivitas antibakteri kemudian dianalisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar air, lemak, dan TVB dari semua bagian jeroan ikan cakalang meningkat, sedangkan kadar proteinnya menurun selama penyimpanan dua hari. Kadar air berkisar dari 73,90% bb sampai 85,19% bb. Kadar protein berkisar dari 14,46% bb sampai 18,07% bb. Kadar lemak berkisar dari 0,95% bb sampai 2,71% bb, sedangkan kadar TVB berkisar dari 64,74 mg N/100 g sampai 133,92 mg N/100 g. Komposisi asam amino utama jeroan ikan cakalang adalah asam glutamat, arginina, glisina, fenilalanina, tirosina, lisina, serina, valina, dan histidina. Peningkatan kadar TVB selama penyimpanan dua hari berkaitan dengan aktivitas jeroan lambung dalam menjerap lalat yang paling tinggi dengan rataan 13,50 ekor. Penghambatan bakteri terbesar dihasilkan oleh jeroan campuran hari ke-0 pada konsentrasi 75%, baik terhadap Staphylococcus aureus maupun Escherichia coli, dengan zona hambat masing-masing sebesar 9,30 mm dan 8,78 mm. Aktivitas antibakteri pada kedua bakteri uji tergolong berdaya sedang. Senyawa pemerangkap dan antimikroba diduga berkaitan erat dengan komposisi asam amino jeroan ikan cakalang. Penelitian lebih mendalam terhadap peran asam amino sebagai komponen utama pemerangkap lalat maupun antimikroba dari jeroan cakalang menjadi subyek penelitian selanjutnya.
Aplikasi Bakteri Asam Laktat dari Inasua sebagai Biopreservatif Ikan Patin (Pangasius sp.)
Authors: Dewi Meilany Ariati , Mubarik Nisa Rachmania , Desniar Desniar , Budiarti Sri
Published: May 2022

Bakteri Asam Laktat atau BAL merupakan bakteri yang dikategorikan sebagai generally recognized as safe (GRAS) karena bersifat aman bagi kesehatan manusia dan non patogen sehingga berpotensi sebagai biopreservatif. Beberapa produk metabolisme yang dihasilkan oleh BAL memiliki kemampuan sebagai antibakteri, diantaranya ialah bakteriosin, diasetil, hidrogen peroksida dann asam organik. Isolat L. plantarum IN05 dan L. rhamnosus IN13 yang diisolasi dari makanan fermentasi inasua dikaji potensinya sebagai biopreservatif karena kemampuannya memiliki sebagai antibakteri. Kandungan protein hewani dalam ikan sangat diminati oleh masyarakat, salah satunya adalah ikan patin yang banyak diminati masyarakat, namun ikan patin mudah mengalami kerusakan dan penurunan mutu. Hal ini disebabkan oleh hadirnya bakteri patogen Listeria monocytogenes yang memiliki kemampuan tumbuh pada suhu penyimpanan dingin (refrigerasi) hingga beku. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengaplikasikan supernatan bebas sel netral, supernatan bebas sel, dan biomassa sel bakteri dari isolat L. rhamnosus IN13 dan L. plantarum IN05 serta formalin dalam penyimpanan ikan patin fillet yang terkontaminasi bakteri Listeria monocytogenes. Metode yang digunakan mencakup produksi senyawa antibakteri, penentuan sensitivitas senyawa antibakteri terhadap bakteri uji, uji konfirmasi senyawa antibakteri dengan penambahan proteinase K, aplikasi senyawa antibakteri pada ikan patin fillet, perhitungan total koloni bakteri, koloni bakteri L. monocytogenes, dan bakteri asam laktat, serta pengukuran nilai pH ikan patin fillet. Senyawa antibakteri SBSN dari L. rhamnosus IN13 memiliki kemampuan mempertahankan ikan patin fillet sampai lama penyimpanan 14 hari sesuai dengan syarat ikan segar yang layak untuk dikonsumsi sesuai standar SNI tahun 2017 tentang Persyaratan umum dan pedoman untuk pengujian mikrobiologi. Nilai total mikrob 5,65 log CFU/g, nilai pH daging ikan patin fillet 6,37, dan nilai total bakteri L. monocytogenes yang menurun selama waktu penyimpanan.
Retos ante la Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación colombiana
Authors: Salazar Rios Jose Hoover
Published: May 2022

Los europeos entendieron muy bien desde hace varios siglos, especialmente desde el XIX, y concretamenteen Francia, Inglaterra, Alemania e Italia, que la investigación científica era un bastiónindispensable para el avance no solo de la universidad, sino de la sociedad misma. El moderno sistemainvestigativo que surgió con el modelo creado por Humboldt jalonó el crecimiento de Alemaniadespués de haber dejado de ser Prusia y antes de la primera guerra mundial, situación similar queexperimentó también previo a este evento bélico los Estados Unidos al haber creado universidadescentradas en el desarrollo de las ciencias y las tecnologías agropecuarias en los estados agrícolasde esta nación. Pero también, este tipo de naciones, en su condición de potencias mundiales, opaíses centrales en el sistema-mundo, se percataron que los avances científicos producto de seriasinvestigaciones permitieron el detrimento de la propia condición humana. De modo pues, que lainvestigación científica ha sido tema central en el debate social, político y cultural mundial desdehace casi dos centurias.
En contexto de acreditación de alta calidad
Authors: Salazar-Ríos José Hoover
Published: May 2022

La Acreditación en Alta Calidad tanto Institucional como de Programas de la Universidad Libre Seccional Cali, se ha convertido en el pilar de una Nueva Cultura Académica, que ha transformado las prácticas tanto administrativas como pedagógicas, volviéndonos más reflexivos, sistemáticos y por supuesto más exigentes como Institución y como Facultad.
Corrupción, la revisoría fiscal y la necesidad de fortalecer los entes de control en las instituciones públicas
Authors: Bolaños Salamanca Ana Lidis , Bolaños Bonilla Daniel Eduardo , Díaz Olaya Juana Patricia
Published: May 2022

La revisoría fiscal como parte importante en el correcto desarrollo en el país debe replantear su quehacer profesional en cuanto a la responsabilidad con la sociedad y sus problemáticas. La corrupción como tema central en el panorama nacional colombiano plantea diversas interrogantes, frente al deber ser de la revisoría fiscal y el como podría jugar un papel mucho mas importante en lo que respecta a la veeduría de la labor realizada en las instituciones que manejan recursos del erario publico. El presente articulo plantea una interesante propuesta para fortalecer y optimizar los entes de control gubernamentales con miras a reducir y porque no acabar la problemática de la corrupción en Colombia, además de hacer un recorrido por la historia de la profesión, las principales leyes que la regulan, los casos más sonados de corrupción en Colombia y el panorama que plantea para la profesión las nuevas normas internacionales de información financiera.
Derechos, Supremacía y Control Constitucional en los inicios del siglo XX.
Authors: Velasco Cano Nicole
Published: May 2022

Los aportes realizados en el constitucionalismo del siglo XX fueron de gran relevancia para la teoría del derecho y para el derecho constitucional, estos aportes innovarían en la concepción de los derechos, la Constitución, los jueces y el control de constitucionalidad; desde América Latina, con la Constitución de Qureretaro, en México,  se empezaron a conocer los primeros derechos de carácter social gracias a las reivindicaciones sociales de los movimientos campesinos; en Europa con  la Constitución de Weimar, en Alemania, que incorporo derechos de carácter social  y la Constitución de Austria que incorporo la propuesta del control de constitucionalidad realizada por Kelsen, donde los jueces eran los únicos intérpretes de la Constitución, es así como el  juez empezó a tomar importancia en la estructura del Estado ya que podía ser el intérprete de la Constitución, también tenía la facultad de analizar las leyes para ver si estaban acordes o no a la norma superior, a lo cual se denominó control de constitucionalidad.
La identidad campesina y la estética del arraigo como resistencia.
Authors: Salazar Manrique Byron , Molina Visnu Posada
Published: May 2022

Las comunidades campesinas de la zona rural de Buga en las veredas El Placer, La Venta y San Agustín, tienen en común que la mayoría de sus primeros habitantes provienen de Boyacá y Santander. Para vivir allí han tenido que pasar por un proceso económico, social y político, en el que han logrado construir la tradicional finca campesina en el mundo moderno, con todos los desafíos que ello implica. Han tenido que resistir la incursión paramilitar del Bloque Calima y las políticas neoliberales del Estado Colombiano. Este trabajo pretende explorar cómo se ha forjado esa resistencia desde el punto de vista de la estética del arraigo, concepto que se construye a partir de la identidad campesina, la relación con el entorno y con los demás, y las configuraciones estéticas de la resistencia en un mundo donde ser campesino es cada vez más difícil. Para sistematizar la información recogida sobre la comunidad se utilizaron las orientaciones teórico prácticas de Jara Holliday. Se encontró que hay una estética del arraigo que ha tenido un gran desarrollo y logros significativos en la defensa del territorio y los derechos de los campesinos, y que mantener esta resistencia es cada vez más difícil por los retos que implica para los jóvenes campesinos permanecer en los territorios, pues el mundo moderno siempre los está tentando a salir del territorio, a adoptar otras estéticas y a tener otras perspectivas y otros sueños donde no figura el campo como proyecto de vida.
La solidaridad en las empresas de servicios temporales.
Authors: Nieto Rios Wilson Alberto , Gallego Henao Luz Eliana
Published: May 2022

El artículo parte de una metodología con enfoque cualitativo de tipo hermenéutico a través del cual se pretende develar la aplicación del principio de solidaridad en la modalidad de contratación de las Empresas de Servicios Temporales, por la vulneración de los requisitos legales y la extensión de las actividades asignadas por mandato del legislador a los trabajadores en misión. Las Empresas de Servicios Temporales-EST- aplican conforme el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano un modo de contrato de trabajo que enmarca la existencia de unos presupuestos jurídico-fácticos de obligatoria observancia para las entidades que utilizan esta modalidad de vinculación laboral y por ello no es dado a las Empresas Usuarias-EU- desnaturalizar las funciones acordadas o legalmente permitidas, so pena de responder directamente como verdaderos empleadores. Se concluye del abordaje de esta problemática que resulta viable aplicar la teoría de coexistencia de contratos, siempre y cuando se entienda que el vínculo laboral con la EST termina el día anterior en el que empieza con la EU.
Curso de introducción a la virtualidad en educación a distancia para el fortalecimiento de la permanencia estudiantil
Authors: Leudo Zárate Geraldi , Botero Caicedo Yuli Andrea
Published: May 2022

El presente artículo expone una experiencia significativa que tuvo como objetivo implementar una estrategia basada en actividades psicopedagógicas orientadas al fortalecimiento de la permanencia estudiantil en la Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia- UNAD- Palmira. En la fase diagnóstica se halló que los principales motivos de la deserción en la universidad para la cohorte 2015-2016 fueron los factores económicos relacionados a una mala inversión del dinero, la falta de organización de tiempo y la falta de adaptación a la metodología virtual. Se evidenció con los estudiantes de últimos periodos académicos próximos al procedimiento de grado, que las habilidades necesarias para la continuidad académica son la autonomía, la autorregulación y la autodisciplina y que el “factor permanencia” más relevante dentro del proceso académico es el establecimiento claro de metas, es decir,  el proyecto de vida. La estrategia de permanencia estudiantil  implementada: Mini Curso de introducción a la virtualidad, convocó a los estudiantes nuevos del periodo 16-1 de 2017 a participar de manera presencial o virtual durante cinco semanas, en cinco talleres  enfocados al proyecto de vida, fortalecimiento de actitudes y aptitudes para la virtualidad, el sentido de pertenencia hacia la institución, fortalecimiento de la red socio-académica del estudiantado, entrenamiento en campus virtual, aprender a aprender en la virtualidad y un acompañamiento permanente en atención sincrónica y asincrónica. Esta estrategia permitió evidenciar en los estudiantes la conformación de una  red de apoyo académica, afianzamiento en el manejo del campus virtual,  adaptación a la metodología,  mejoramiento de hábitos y destrezas propias de la metodología virtual, concientización alrededor de su proyecto de vida académico y sentido de pertenencia a la Universidad. La  herramienta  web conferencia facilitó la participación, pero a su vez las fallas técnicas de la misma produjeron incomodidades durante el proceso.
Incorporación de los estándares jurídicos de los crímenes internacionales en la jurisdicción especial para la paz
Authors: Ramírez María Alejandra , Tamayo Ricardo , García Cojín Andrea del Pilar
Published: May 2022

El presente artículo expone una reflexión sobre el panorama del Acuerdo logrado en la Habana en lo que respecta a la Jurisdicción Especial de Paz a la luz del Estatuto de Roma de la Corte Penal Internacional (CPI) y otras fuentes de Derecho Penal Internacional. Así como las implicaciones sociales del componente de justicia del Acuerdo y los horizontes en materia de verdad, justicia y reparación para las víctimas. Metodológicamente, se revisan las consideraciones frente a la Jurisdicción Especial de Paz y la Responsabilidad del Mando, el sistema integral de Verdad, Justicia, Reparación y no Repetición- SIVJ RNR, en tanto mecanismo para contribuir con las necesidades de reparación que tienen las víctimas, e igualmente, se revisan mecanismos complementarios contemplados por la SIVJRNR como la Unidad de Búsqueda de personas desaparecidas. Finalmente, se revisan las implicaciones sociales del componente de justicia del Acuerdo. Se concluye que, Colombia necesita una atmósfera cultural y moral acorde que permita transformar el conflicto armado en un conflicto político, como contexto sin el cual la implementación del SIVJRNR dejaría de ser un hecho real en el Estado colombiano
Análisis crítico de los fundamentos teóricos y conceptuales del modelo de reintegración comunitario, de la Agencia Colombiana para la Reintegración-ACR: desde la teoría del discurso
Authors: Escobar Betancourt Ángela Victoria , Urrea Ballesteros Claudia Marcela , Cadavid Ramírez Javier
Published: May 2022

El presente artículo es el resultado de indagaciones documentales al trabajo genealógico de Lacalu desde el que se adelanta el contraste analítico entre su planteamiento sobre las cuatro dimensiones del populismo y la realidad política colombiana. En el mismo sentido se adelanta el análisis del origen y justificación del Modelo de Reintegración de Comunidades de la Agencia Colombiana para la Reintegración ACR, y al estudio a las bases teóricas y conceptuales de dicho modelo. Se pudo evidenciar que en Colombia existe una eliminación violenta de los antagonismos políticos, lo que precisa la nueva construcción del significante de la democracia en Colombia, que propugne una visión múltiple y abierta de lo social, en la que la igualdad, la libertad, la propiedad y la seguridad, pilares de la visión liberal, sean deconstruidos por un nuevo horizonte hegemónico.
La Elvira: una experiencia (de desarrollo local)
Authors: Giraldo-Díaz Reinaldo
Published: May 2022

En este artículo, se presenta la experiencia vital de desarrollo local que se está agenciando en la ecorregión La Elvira, con el acompañamiento del Grupo de Investigación GÉNESIS GIT, avalado por la Universidad Libre de Colombia Seccional Cali y la Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia UNAD. Metodológicamente, se muestra, primero, la configuración biopolítica actual de la ecorregión La Elvira y luego se examina la apuesta-experiencia de desarrollo local, haciendo énfasis en la auto-eco-organización del territorio a través de la convergencia social, el empoderamiento social, la recuperación de los saberes locales, la adopción de tecnologías apropiadas que permitan una inserción en los mercados globales y la reconfiguración del agro-ecosistema de la ecorregión de La Elvira. Se encontró que la recuperación de los saberes locales es de vital importancia para la construcción de formas de vida inéditas, no performadas por la lógica del capital. Se concluye que lo comunitario permite el surgimiento de apuestas por una reconfiguración agro-eco-sistémica, que no sólo no dañe la naturaleza, sino que se base en la convergencia y el empoderamiento social, para participar de modo activo y creativo en el mundo globalizado.
Computer Vision-Aided 2D Error Assessment and Correction for Helix Bioprinting
Authors: Liu Changxi , Liu Jia , Yang Chengliang , Tang Yujin , Lin Zhengjie , Li Long , Liang Hai , Lu Weijie , Wang Liqiang
Published: May 2022

Bioprinting is an emerging multidisciplinary technology for organ manufacturing, tissue repair, and drug screening. The manufacture of organs in a layer-by-layer manner is a characteristic of bioprinting technology, which can also determine the accuracy of constructs confined by the printing resolution. The lack of sufficient resolution will result in defect generation during the printing process and the inability to complete the manufacture of complex organs. A computer vision-based method is proposed in this study to detect the deviation of the printed helix from the reference trajectory and calculate the modified reference trajectory through error vector compensation. The new printing helix trajectory resulting from the modified reference trajectory error is significantly reduced compared with the original helix trajectory and the correction efficiency exceeded 90%.
CNT-Type Dependent Cellular Adhesion on 3D-Printed Nanocomposite for Tissue Engineering
Authors: A. Mieloch Adam , A. Semba Julia , D. Rybka Jakub
Published: May 2022

At present, one of the main limitations of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting in tissue engineering stems from a scarcity of biomaterials tailored for specific applications. Widely used hydrogels offer an optimal printability and a suitable environment for cell growth; however, they lack the mechanical strength required for non-soft tissues, for example, cartilage, tendons, and meniscus. This work investigated the physicochemical, mechanical, and biological characteristics of a 3D-printed polycaprolactone (PCL) reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and “bamboo-like” carbon nanotubes (BCNT) with the following w/w % concentrations: 0.005%, 0.01%, 0.02%, and 0.2%. The materials were analyzed with subsequent techniques: Scanning electron microscopy, nanoindentation, parallel plate rheometry, and differential scanning calorimetry. Biological evaluations were performed with normal human articular chondrocytes by confocal microscopy and proliferation assay. The study revealed that the carbon nanotubes (CNT) addition improved the rheological properties of the material by increasing the setting temperature. Moderate enhancement was observed in terms of mechanical properties. The most significant difference was noted in cell adhesion and proliferation. Pure PCL did not facilitate cell growth and mainly apoptotic cells were observed on its surface. The addition of 0.01% MWCNT resulted in enhanced adhesion and proliferation; however, the morphology of the cells remained spherical, signifying a suboptimal surface for proliferation. Interestingly, PCL reinforced with 0.02% BCNT displayed excellent facilitation of cellular adhesion and proliferation, which is uncharacteristic of pure PCL. In summary, this study investigated the potential of CNT-reinforced PCL for 3D bioprinting and tissue engineering, highlighting key physicochemical, mechanical, and biological aspects of this biomaterial.
3D-Printing-Assisted Extraluminal Anti-Reflux Diodes for Preventing Vesicoureteral Reflux through Double-J Stents
Authors: Lee Jihun , Sung Jaebum , Jo Jung Ki , So Hongyun
Published: May 2022

This paper presents novel umbrella-shaped flexible devices to prevent vesicoureteral reflux along double-J stents, which is a backward flow of urine from the bladder to the kidney and is a critical issue in patients with urinary stones. The anti-reflux devices were designed to mechanically attach to the stent and were manufactured using three-dimensional (3D) printing and polymer casting methods. Based on the umbrella shapes, four different devices were manufactured, and the antireflux efficiency was demonstrated through in vitro experiments using a urination model. Consequently, penta-shaped devices exhibited the best anti-reflux performance (44% decrease in reflux compared to the stent without the device), and maximum efficiency occurred when the device was attached near the bladder-ureter junction. In addition, a disadvantage of 3D printing (i.e., unwanted rough surface) helped the device strongly adhere to the surface of the stent during the insertion operation. Finally, long-term soaking experiments revealed that the fabricated devices were mechanically robust and chemically stable (safe) even being soaked in urine for 4 weeks. The findings of this study support the use of additive manufacturing to make various flexible and biocompatible urological devices to mitigate critical issues in patients with urinary stones.
Electrohydrodynamic Jet-Printed Ultrathin Polycaprolactone Scaffolds Mimicking Bruch’s Membrane for Retinal Pigment Epithelial Tissue Engineering
Authors: Liu Hang , Wu Fan , Chen Renwei , Chen Yanan , Yao Kai , Liu Zengping , Parikh Bhav Harshad , Jing Linzhi , Liu Tiange , Su Xinyi , Sun Jie , Huang Dejian
Published: May 2022

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of visual loss and affects millions of people worldwide. Dysfunction of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is associated with the pathogenesis of AMD. The purpose of this work is to build and evaluate the performance of ultrathin scaffolds with an electrohydrodynamic jet (EHDJ) printing method for RPE cell culture. We printed two types of ultrathin (around 7 µm) polycaprolactone scaffolds with 20 μm and 50 μm pores, which possess mechanical properties resembling that of native human Bruch’s membrane and are biodegradable. Light microscopy and cell proliferation assay showed that adult human retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cells adhered and proliferated to form a monolayer on the scaffolds. The progress of culture matured on the scaffolds was demonstrated by immunofluorescence (actin, ZO-1, and Na+ /K+ -ATPase) and Western blot analysis of the respective proteins. The RPE cells cultured on EHDJ-printed scaffolds with 20 μm pores presented higher permeability, higher transepithelial potential difference, and higher expression level of Na+ /K+ -ATPase than those cultured on Transwell inserts. These findings suggest that the EHDJ printing can fabricate scaffolds that mimic Bruch’s membrane by promoting maturation of RPE cells to form a polarized and functional monolayered epithelium with potential as an in vitro model for studying retinal diseases and treatment methods
A cylindrical path planning approach for additive manufacturing of revolved components
Authors: Dharmawan Audelia Gumarus , Soh Gim Song
Published: May 2022

Depositing on inclined cylindrical surfaces has recently gained interest due to its potential for directly employing feedstock that forms part of the printed structure. In this paper, we present our approach to perform cylindrical path planning through converting a planar slicing data structure into a universal 3D polar data structure. This has the advantage of using off-the-shelf slicing software and adapting it for cylindrical path planning. Our approach is capable of generating cylindrical print paths of various patterns such as linear raster, circular raster, hybrid contour, and zigzag path. We demonstrate the capability of the approach to planning cylindrical print paths for two different revolved components employing these three different printing patterns. Actual printing experiments and tensile tests of the cylindrical part using wire-arc additive manufacturing were conducted and reported. It was found that they yield an average tensile strength that matches the strength of the 4340 feedstock.
Design, simulation, and experiments for direct thixotropic metal 3D printing
Authors: Fei Yifan , Xu Jie , Yao Donggang , Chiou Richard , Zhou Jack
Published: May 2022

Compared with current powder-based 3D metal printing, thixotropic metal 3D printing has great potentials and advantages in equipment cost, product quality, and process efficiency. In this paper, detailed problem statement, technique challenge, and development method regarding thixotropic metal 3D printing are discussed. A shear mixing and extruding prototype machine for thixotropic alloy fabrication was designed. We developed a direct thixotropic metal 3D printing machine and conducted a modeling and simulation process for the system. The printability of this direct metal 3D printing machine was studied. At the end, conclusions and future directions are also presented.
Additive manufacturing: A machine learning model of process-structure-property linkages for machining behavior of Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Gong Xi , Zeng Dongrui , Groeneveld-Meijer Willem , Manogharan Guha
Published: May 2022

Prior studies in metal additive manufacturing (AM) of parts have shown that various AM methods and post-AM heat treatment result in distinctly different microstructure and machining behavior when compared with conventionally manufactured parts. There is a crucial knowledge gap in understanding this process-structure-property (PSP) linkage and its relationship to material behavior. In this study, the machinability of metallic Ti-6Al-4V AM parts was investigated to better understand this unique PSP linkage through a novel data science-based approach, specifically by developing and validating a new machine learning (ML) model for material characterization and material property, that is, machining behavior. Heterogeneous material structures of Ti-6Al-4V AM samples fabricated through laser powder bed fusion and electron beam powder bed fusion in two different build orientations and post-AM heat treatments were quantitatively characterized using scanning electron microscopy, electron backscattered diffraction, and residual stress measured through X-ray diffraction. The reduced dimensional representation of material characterization data through chord length distribution (CLD) functions, 2-point correlation functions, and principal component analysis was found to be accurate in quantifying the complexities of Ti-6Al-4V AM structures. Specific cutting energy was the response variable for the Taguchi-based experimentation using force dynamometer. A low-dimensional S-P linkage model was established to correlate material structures of metallic AM and machining properties through this novel ML model. It was found that the prediction accuracy of this new PSP linkage is extremely high (>99%, statistically significant at 95% confidence interval). Findings from this study can be seamlessly integrated with P-S models to identify AM processing conditions that will lead to desired material behaviors, such as machining behavior (this study), fatigue behavior, and corrosion resistance.
Causes of elective cesarean delivery on maternal request in Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Salma Umme , Alshaikh Ahmed Baker A. , Alanazi Muhannad Faleh , Sheikh M. Sayed Ali , Alruwail Wedad Mtharad Ayat , Alsubaiti Rahaf Abdulsalam Hamed , Alzamil Taif Hamad Z. , Alruwaili Shouq Saad B. , Alshalan Reem Zayed , Rashwan Eman K.
Published: May 2022

Background: Recently observed there is a steadily higher rate of cesarean delivery worldwide mostly due to the increasing number of women requesting an elective cesarean section on maternal request without valid indication. The aim of the study was to determine the causes of elective cesarean delivery on maternal requests in Aljouf Saudi Arabia.Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study and data was evaluated by completing seven questionnaires and interviews with laboratory reports who were admitted for cesarean delivery at the Obstetrics department of Maternity and Children Hospital (MCH) Aljouf, Saudi Arabia from January 2020 to December 2020. A total of 141 Saudi women of age between 18 and over 35 years were enrolled, including those who have singleton pregnancy, no complications during pregnancy, and no medical indication for cesarean delivery.Results: 141 women reported willingness to request cesarean delivery. The mean systolic 120±6.23, diastolic 75±2.45 blood pressure mm of Hg, and fasting blood sugar level 4.1±1.1 mmol/l have been found within the normal limit. The ultrasound (US) confirmed singleton pregnancy without any abnormalities.  Data reveals that common causes of elective cesarean section on maternal request to avoid the episiotomy 77.3%, fear of labor pain 69.5%, trauma to the vagina 79.4%, uncertainty about timing 61.7%, losing a baby during vaginal delivery 54.6%, experience other members 41.8%, the risk for baby 39%, prolapse or incontinence24.1%, unsatisfactory sexual intercourse 17.7% and the undesirable experience of the previous vaginal delivery 12%.Conclusions: Maternal request for cesarean delivery is considered one of the reasons for increasing the rate of cesarean delivery in Saudi Arabia. To avoid the episiotomy and fear of labor pain may strong causes for choosing cesarean delivery.
Visual inspection on cervix with acetic acid and Lugol’s iodine as a screening tool in detection of carcinoma cervix
Authors: D. Rita , R. Soumya , S. Pushpalatha V.
Published: May 2022

Background: Cervical cancer is a preventable and curable disease. In Indian women cervical malignancy accounts for 26.1–43.8% of all cancers. Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) or visual inspection with Lugol's iodine (VILI) are considered to be a promising screening tools alternative to cervical cytology for primary cervical cancer screening in low resource setting. The purpose of the study is to evaluate VIA and VILI as cervical cancer screening tools in low resource setting; and to compare the efficacy of VIA and VILI in early detection of cancer cervix via colposcopy.Methods: The clinical study was conducted on 80 gynecological patients with history of heavy menstrual bleed and post-coital bleeding are included in study. Unmarried women patients, and active vaginal bleeding, were excluded. A biopsy was taken in patients with abnormal findings or suspicious findings of VIA/VILI.Results: In the present study, sensitivity of VIA and VILI is 90% and 50% respectively, specificity of VIA and VILI is 98.57% and 100% respectively, positive predictive value of VIA and VILI are 90%, 100% respectively, negative predictive value of VIA and VILI are 98.57% and 93.3% respectively with biopsy as the reference standard.Conclusions: It is concluded that VIA and VILI are good screening test in low resource setting as it can used in strategy of see and treat and screen and treat since there is low compliance of follow up of patients.
A descriptive analysis of caesarean section rate in a tertiary care hospital according to Robson’s criteria
Authors: Bhattacharjee Surjyatapa , Negi Priyanka
Published: May 2022

Background: There has been a rapid increase in rates of caesarean section (CS) in the past decade, leading to increased complications not only in the current pregnancy but also in subsequent pregnancies. Hence Robson’s ten group classification has been used to analyse the indications, scrutinize the rate of CS so that only obstetrically indicated CS are carried out.Methods: The cross-sectional study was carried out for a period of 6 months from 1/7/2019 to 31/12/2019 at Silchar medical college and hospital. All the women ≥28 weeks who delivered during the said period were taken into account. The data was then regrouped according to Robson’s classification.Results: The overall CS rate in our study was 38.09%. Most of the women who underwent CS belonged to age group 20-24 years (49%). 43.26% were nullipara and 91.86% females were term. On analysis of CS according to Robson’s classification, it was observed that group 1 (35.14%) constituted the largest number of women. However, group CS rate was highest in group 9 (100%). Group 5 made the greatest relative (38.83%) as well as absolute contribution (14.79%). Fetal compromise seems to be the leading cause for primary CS.Conclusions: The CS rates in our study have been found to be comparatively higher as the hospital is a tertiary referral centre. Since the maximum contribution has been made by the previous CS group, the rate of primary CS should be reduced and more vaginal birth after CS may be encouraged.
Reproductive outcome after laparoscopy for stage I and stage II endometriosis
Authors: Vijayaragavan Bharani , Arunachalam Vinutha
Published: May 2022

Background: Endometriosis is a chronic and recurrent disease commonly afflicting women of reproductive age, contributing to 30-50% cases of infertility. 30% cumulative probability of achieving pregnancy is reported following surgical management of minimal and mild endometriosis.Methods: Prospective observational study was conducted at Apollo Women’s hospital, Chennai between July 2020 and June 2021. 82 eligible women who satisfied the study criteria took part in it. During surgery, diagnosis of Stage I (Minimal endometriosis, few superficial implants, score 1-5) or Stage II endometriosis (Mild endometriosis, more deeper implants, score 6-15) made and lesions excised completely. Patients followed up for 6 months for outcome. Time taken, mode of conception and improvement in pain score were documented. Collected data was analysed.Results: 41.5% had successful pregnancy outcome, which is higher than that reported in literature. 43.9% had stage I endometriosis of which 38.2% conceived and 56.1% had stage II endometriosis of which 61.8% conceived. 82.4% conceived spontaneously, 32.4% within 3 months and 67.6% in 3-6 months with mean duration of 4 months. 58.5% women were treated for periadnexial adhesions altering tubo-ovarian relationship, of which 41.2% women conceived which is statistically significant.Conclusions: Large proportion of women undergoing laparoscopy surgical management of stage I and stage II endometriosis in successfully achieved a conception, spontaneously and within a short span after surgery. Pain due to endometriosis was also relieved. Favourable factors to achieve pregnancy were younger age, optimal BMI and good AMH level. Laparoscopy is an attractive and effective option for women with minimal or mild endometriosis with infertility.
Transperineal ultrasonography in stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Mishra Vineet V. , Solanki Smit B.
Published: May 2022

Background: The aim of our study is to assess, using transperineal ultrasonography, amount of bladder neck mobility using rotational angles; represented by the difference in the anterior (α angle) and posterior urethral angles (β angle) and proximal pubourethral distance at rest and straining, in stress urinary incontinence and control group, to ascertain if there are significant differences in their values between the groups.Methods: In all, 24 women with SUI (SUI group) and 20 continent women (control group) were included. Transperineal ultrasonography was performed at rest and straining (Valsalva manoeuver), and the threshold value for the urethral angles (α and β angles) and proximal pubourethral distance for each group were estimated.Results: A significant difference was found in calculating the numerical value of the increment of both α and β angles in both groups, at rest and at straining (rotation angle α and rotation angle β (Rα and Rβ)). Higher rotation angles were seen in the SUI group for both the α angle and the β angle compared with those of the control group; mean (SD) Rα SUI 29.37±7.46 vs. controls 10.83±3.46°; and Rβ SUI 27.97±7.47 vs. controls 13.00±3.16°; p<0.01. There was also significant difference in proximal pubourethral distance (<0.01) during resting and straining phases in patients with SUI.Conclusions: Rotational angles and pubourethral distance helps in evaluation of stress urinary incontinence and reduces the need of urodynamic studies.
Analysis of labour by modified WHO partograph in primigravida and multigravida term patients: an observational study
Authors: Yadava Pushpa A. , Gogia Nausheen N. , Mehta Shital T. , Jani Shashwat K. , Mittal Silkey
Published: May 2022

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of a partograph to follow labor and delivery, with the aim of improving health care and reducing maternal and foetal mortality. The partograph is a graphic representation of events of labour and is an effective visual resource for early detection of abnormal progress of labour and prevention of prolonged labour. The aim of this study is to use partograph to monitor labor, analyse cervical effacement and dilatation, uterine contraction, foetal presentation while avoiding uterine hypo-stimulation, hyperstimulation and reducing the risk of sepsis, obstructed labor or postpartum haemorrhage (PPH).Methods: This was a single year hospital-based observational study conducted in 2021 of the deliveries in Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (SVPIMSR) and Sheth V.S General Hospital, Ahmedabad. Analysis of labor of 60 randomly selected patients was done using WHO modified partograph. The patients were classified as primigravida and multigravida. The partograph recording started at 4cm dilatation, continuous maternal and foetal monitoring was ensured throughout the labor and partogram was plotted against time in hours. Any deviations from the normal course were recorded.Results: In this observational study, 60 patients were analysed. They were classified into primigravida and multigravida and based on the recordings from partograph further classified into mode of delivery. 3 out of 26 primigravida and 1 out of 34 multigravida patients underwent caesarean deliveries. 25 patients crossed the alert line and 4 patients crossed the action line. 5 deliveries out of 60 had APGAR score of <7 at 5 minutes.Conclusions: The WHO modified partograph is highly effective in reducing both maternal and neonatal morbidity. It is an excellent visual resource to analyse cervical effacement and dilatation, uterine contraction and foetal presentation in relation to time. It is effective in early detection of abnormal progress of labor, prevention of prolonged labor, obstructed labor, PPH and improvement in neonatal outcome.
A case of ruptured splenic artery aneurysm in pregnancy: a rare presentation
Authors: Pandian Manju Priya , Janakiraman Prabha
Published: May 2022

Rupture of a splenic artery aneurysm (SAA) is a rare condition that occurs predominantly in pregnancy. It is associated with a maternal mortality rate of 75% and fetal mortality rate of 95%. The majority ruptured spontaneously.  Most cases are not diagnosed until surgery following rupture. Ruptured SAA should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a pregnant patient with severe and unexplained abdominal pain.
Successful conservative management of viable caesarean scar pregnancy with systemically administered methotrexate followed by ultrasound guided ethanol ablation of gestational sac: a rare case report
Authors: Muthukrishnan Dharini , Janakiraman Prabha
Published: May 2022

The incidence and diagnosis of caesarean scar pregnancy is on rise because of rising caesarean section rates. Though many modalities are available for its management, none seems to be superior and data regarding them are also lacking. Here we are presenting a rare case report of successful conservative management of viable caesarean scar pregnancy with systemic methotrexate followed by ultrasound guided ethanol ablation of gestational sac.
Embolisation of pancreatic pseudoaneurysm in pregnancy: a rare case report
Authors: Janakiraman Prabha , Jayakumar Aarthy
Published: May 2022

Pancreatic pseudoaneurysm is a rare and life threatening complication in pregnancy. It is a vascular complication of pancreatitis which may lead to erosion of pancreatic artery into a pseudocyst. Pseudocysts accounts for 5% in pancreatitis. Herewith we are presenting a case of pancreatic pseudoaneurysm in pregnancy which was successfully managed by placing endovascular placing of coil and obliteration of the same.
Nodule in mesosalphinx: a rare microscopic finding
Authors: Jain Sunila , Karmacharya Kavita
Published: May 2022

Ectopic adrenal cortical rests are uncommon in adults, particularly in females. Their occurrence in fallopian tubes or mesosalphinx is extremely rare. Herein, we report a rare occurance of ectopic adrenal cortical rests in mesosalphinx which was diagnosed on histopathological examination. To the best of our knowledge, there are less than five previously published cases at this rare location and the present report is the second case from India. A 46-year-old female who underwent hysterectomy for fibroids was incidentally detected with ectopic adrenal cortical rests in the mesosalphinx on histopathology. The present case is reported to increase the awareness of this unique finding at this rare location, its implications and histopathological diagnosis.