bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Golden Gate vectors for efficient gene fusion and gene deletion in diverse filamentous fungi
Authors: Dahlmann Tim A. , Terfehr Dominik , Becker Kordula , Teichert Ines
Published: December 2020

The cloning of plasmids can be time-consuming or expensive. Yet, cloning is a prerequisite for many standard experiments for the functional analysis of genes, including the generation of deletion mutants and the localization of gene products. Here, we provide Golden Gate vectors for fast and easy cloning of gene fusion as well as gene deletion vectors applicable to diverse fungi. In Golden Gate cloning, restriction and ligation occur simultaneously in a one-pot reaction. Our vector set contains recognition sites for the commonly used type IIS restriction endonuclease BsaI. We generated plasmids for C- as well as N-terminal tagging with GFP, mRFP and 3xFLAG. For gene deletion, we provide five different donor vectors for selection marker cassettes. These include standard cassettes for hygromycin B, nourseothricin and phleomycin resistance genes as well as FLP/FRT-based marker recycling cassettes for hygromycin B and nourseothricin resistance genes. To make cloning most feasible, we provide robust protocols, namely (1) an overview of cloning procedures described in this paper, (2) specific Golden Gate reaction protocols and (3) standard primers for cloning and sequencing of plasmids and generation of deletion cassettes by PCR and split-marker PCR. We show that our vector set is applicable for the biotechnologically relevant Penicillium chrysogenum and the developmental model system Sordaria macrospora. We thus expect these vectors to be beneficial for other fungi as well. Finally, the vectors can easily be adapted to organisms beyond the kingdom fungi.
Habit and Skill in the Domain of Joint Action
Authors: Martens Judith H.
Published: December 2020

Dichotomous thinking about mental phenomena is abundant in philosophy. One particularly tenacious dichotomy is between “automatic” and “controlled” processes. In this characterization automatic and unintelligent go hand in hand, as do non-automatic and intelligent. Accounts of skillful action have problematized this dichotomous conceptualization and moved towards a more nuanced understanding of human agency. This binary thinking is, however, still abundant in the philosophy of joint action. Habits and skills allow us agentic ways of guiding complex action routines that would otherwise overwhelm our reflective capacities. In this paper, I look at how theories of skill, habit, and know-how in individual action can inform a non-dichotomous account of joint action. I argue that a fuller understanding of joint agency has to understand not only group know-how, but also the role of attention and the highly integrated types of control that allow agents to act together.
Spatio-temporal shaping of a free-electron wave function via coherent light–electron interaction
Authors: Vanacore Giovanni Maria , Madan Ivan , Carbone Fabrizio
Published: December 2020

The past decade has witnessed a quantum revolution in the field of computation, communication and materials investigation. A similar revolution is also occurring for free-electron based techniques, where the classical treatment of a free electron as a point particle is being surpassed toward a deeper exploitation of its quantum nature. Adopting familiar concepts from quantum optics, several groups have demonstrated temporal and spatial shaping of a free-electron wave function, developing theoretical descriptions of light-modulated states, as well as predicting and confirming fascinating phenomena as attosecond self-compression and orbital angular momentum transfer from light to electrons. In this review, we revisit the milestones of this development and the several methods adopted for imprinting a time-varying phase modulation on an electron wave function using properly synthesized ultrafast light fields, making the electron an exquisitely selective probe of out-of-equilibrium phenomena in individual atomic/nanoscale systems. We discuss both longitudinal and transverse phase manipulation of free-electrons, where coherent quantized exchanges of energy, linear momentum and orbital angular momentum mediating the electron–light coupling are key in determining their spatio-temporal redistribution. Spatio-temporal phase shaping of matter waves provides new routes toward image-resolution enhancement, selective probing, dynamic control of materials, new quantum information methods, and exploration of electronic motions and nuclear phenomena. Emerging as a new field, electron wave function shaping allows adopting familiar quantum optics concepts in composite-particle experiments and paves the way for atomic, ionic and nuclear wave function engineering with perspective applications in atomic interferometry and direct control of nuclear processes.
Trading off wage for workplace safety? Gaps between immigrants and natives in Italy
Authors: D’Ambrosio Anna , Leombruni Roberto , Razzolini Tiziano
Published: December 2020

We employ Italian administrative data to analyze the differentials in wages and workplace injuries between immigrants and natives over the 1994–2012 period. Via propensity score reweighting, we construct the factual and counterfactual, marginal and joint distributions of wages and workplace injuries. Examining the differentials along the entire distributions, our approach yields novel insights on their potential drivers. Our findings confirm that immigrants face lower wages and a substantially higher injury risk than natives; futhermore, they highlight that foreign-born workers display a disproportionate concentration of injuries around the minimum contractual wages. Our results show that the latter can be interpreted as an unintended effect of minimum contractual wages. Indeed, if wages are downward rigid and workplace safety investments are costly, firms employing low-wage workers may reallocate their savings away from wages onto safety. Over time, the gap is found to shrink. Our analysis suggests that, beyond the reduction in workplace intensity during recessions, this may be due to destruction of marginal jobs. Being disproportionally concentrated in marginal occupations, then, lower-skilled migrant workers are more vulnerable to downturns in the economic cycle. Overall, our results highlight that labour market segmentation may co-exist with wage regulations.
Estimating the Impact of Seep Methane Oxidation on Ocean pH and Dissolved Inorganic Radiocarbon Along the U.S. Mid‐Atlantic Bight
Authors: Garcia‐Tigreros Fenix , Leonte Mihai , Ruppel Carolyn D. , Ruiz‐Angulo Angel , Joung Dong Joo , Young Benjamin , Kessler John D.
Published: December 2020

Ongoing ocean warming can release methane (CH4) currently stored in ocean sediments as free gas and gas hydrates. Once dissolved in ocean waters, this CH4 can be oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO2). While it has been hypothesized that the CO2 produced from aerobic CH4 oxidation could enhance ocean acidification, a previous study conducted in Hudson Canyon shows that CH4 oxidation has a small short‐term influence on ocean pH and dissolved inorganic radiocarbon. Here we expand upon that investigation to assess the impact of widespread CH4 seepage on CO2 chemistry and possible accumulation of this carbon injection along 234 km of the U.S. Mid‐Atlantic Bight. Consistent with the estimates from Hudson Canyon, we demonstrate that a small fraction of ancient CH4‐derived carbon is being assimilated into the dissolved inorganic radiocarbon (mean fraction of 0.5 ± 0.4%). The areas with the highest fractions of ancient carbon coincide with elevated CH4 concentration and active gas seepage. This suggests that aerobic CH4 oxidation has a greater influence on the dissolved inorganic pool in areas where CH4 concentrations are locally elevated, instead of displaying a cumulative effect downcurrent from widespread groupings of CH4 seeps. A first‐order approximation of the input rate of ancient‐derived dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) into the waters overlying the northern U.S. Mid‐Atlantic Bight further suggests that oxidation of ancient CH4‐derived carbon is not negligible on the global scale and could contribute to deepwater acidification over longer time scales.
High‐Frequency (6 Hz) PKPab Precursors and Their Sensitivity to Deep Earth Heterogeneity
Authors: Sens‐Schönfelder C. , Bataille K. , Bianchi M.
Published: December 2020

We present observations on a new precursory phase of seismic waves scattered in the deep Earth. This phase arrives prior to the PKPab wave at epicentral distances larger than 155°, and we call it PKPab precursor. We show that the presence of the PKPab precursor is a necessary consequence of scattering in D″, which is the commonly accepted cause of the PKPdf precursor at distances smaller than 145°. PKPdf waves that propagate through the inner core should arrive before the PKPab precursor but those, are strongly attenuated in the inner core at frequencies between 4 Hz and 8 Hz used here, making the PKPab precursor the earliest teleseismic signal at distances larger than 155°. Calculated PKPab precursor sensitivity kernel shows that this phase is mostly sensitive to scattering along the closest PKPbc path between source and receiver. It can thus help to constrain the lateral distribution of heterogeneity along D″.
The Atmospheric Response to North Atlantic SST Trends, 1870–2019
Authors: Karnauskas Kristopher B. , Zhang Lei , Amaya Dillon J.
Published: December 2020

Sea surface temperature (SST) observations in the North Atlantic since 1870 reveal a region of enhanced warming off the northeastern coast of North America, and a region of cooling to the south of Greenland. It has been hypothesized that these adjacent SST trends are a result of long‐term changes in the buoyancy‐driven ocean circulation—a slowdown of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. The impacts of these historical SST trends on the atmosphere are estimated using idealized atmospheric general circulation model experiments in which the global atmosphere is exposed to modern climatological forcing minus the aforementioned regional SST trends. The local response includes a negative North Atlantic Oscillation tendency and southward shift of the wind forcing for the subtropical gyre. Due to planetary wave propagation, the regional SST trends also induce a northward shift of the intertropical convergence zone over the Indian Ocean. Implications for climate feedbacks and projections are discussed.
The Miocene: The Future of the Past
Authors: Steinthorsdottir M. , Coxall H. K. , de Boer A. M. , Huber M. , Barbolini N. , Bradshaw C. D. , Burls N. J. , Feakins S. J. , Gasson E. , Henderiks J. , Holbourn A. E. , Kiel S. , Kohn M. J. , Knorr G. , Kürschner W. M. , Lear C. H. , Liebrand D. , Lunt D. J. , Mörs T. , Pearson P. N. , Pound M. J. , Stoll H. , Strömberg C. A. E.
Published: December 2020

The Miocene epoch (23.03–5.33 Ma) was a time interval of global warmth, relative to today. Continental configurations and mountain topography transitioned toward modern conditions, and many flora and fauna evolved into the same taxa that exist today. Miocene climate was dynamic: long periods of early and late glaciation bracketed a ∼2 Myr greenhouse interval—the Miocene Climatic Optimum (MCO). Floras, faunas, ice sheets, precipitation,pCO2, and ocean and atmospheric circulation mostly (but not ubiquitously) covaried with these large changes in climate. With higher temperatures and moderately higherpCO2(∼400–600 ppm), the MCO has been suggested as a particularly appropriate analog for future climate scenarios, and for assessing the predictive accuracy of numerical climate models—the same models that are used to simulate future climate. Yet, Miocene conditions have proved difficult to reconcile with models. This implies either missing positive feedbacks in the models, a lack of knowledge of past climate forcings, or the need for re‐interpretation of proxies, which might mitigate the model‐data discrepancy. Our understanding of Miocene climatic, biogeochemical, and oceanic changes on broad spatial and temporal scales is still developing. New records documenting the physical, chemical, and biotic aspects of the Earth system are emerging, and together provide a more comprehensive understanding of this important time interval. Here, we review the state‐of‐the‐art in Miocene climate, ocean circulation, biogeochemical cycling, ice sheet dynamics, and biotic adaptation research as inferred through proxy observations and modeling studies.
Longitudinal transcriptome analyses show robust T cell immunity during recovery from COVID-19
Authors: Zheng Hong-Yi , Xu Min , Yang Cui-Xian , Tian Ren-Rong , Zhang Mi , Li Jian-Jian , Wang Xi-Cheng , Ding Zhao-Li , Li Gui-Mei , Li Xiao-Lu , He Yu-Qi , Dong Xing-Qi , Yao Yong-Gang , Zheng Yong-Tang
Published: December 2020

Understanding the processes of immune regulation in patients infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is crucial for improving treatment. Here, we performed longitudinal whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing on peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples from 18 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during their treatment, convalescence, and rehabilitation. After analyzing the regulatory networks of differentially expressed messenger RNAs (mRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) between the different clinical stages, we found that humoral immunity and type I interferon response were significantly downregulated, while robust T-cell activation and differentiation at the whole transcriptome level constituted the main events that occurred during recovery from COVID-19. The formation of this T cell immune response might be driven by the activation of activating protein-1 (AP-1) related signaling pathway and was weakly affected by other clinical features. These findings uncovered the dynamic pattern of immune responses and indicated the key role of T cell immunity in the creation of immune protection against this disease.
Reactivities of electrophilic N–F fluorinating reagents
Authors: Rozatian Neshat , Hodgson David R. W.
Published: December 2020

A comprehensive review of past and present approaches towards qualitative and quantitative rankings of the reactivities of electrophilic fluorinating agents.
A pyrrolopyridazinedione-based copolymer for fullerene-free organic solar cells
Authors: Knall Astrid-Caroline , Rabensteiner Samuel , Hoefler Sebastian Franz , Reinfelds Matiss , Hobisch Mathias , Ehmann Heike M. A. , Pastukhova Nadiia , Pavlica Egon , Bratina Gvido , Hanzu Ilie , Wen Shuguang , Yang Renqiang , Trimmel Gregor , Rath Thomas
Published: December 2020

This study deals with the synthesis and thorough characterization of the conjugated polymer T-EHPPD-T-EHBDT, which shows promising performance in polymer/non-fullerene acceptor organic solar cells.
Mononuclear and dinuclear gold(i) complexes with a caffeine-based di(N-heterocyclic carbene) ligand: synthesis, reactivity and structural DFT analysis
Authors: Stoppa Valentina , Scattolin Thomas , Bevilacqua Matteo , Baron Marco , Graiff Claudia , Orian Laura , Biffis Andrea , Menegazzo Ileana , Roverso Marco , Bogialli Sara , Visentin Fabiano , Tubaro Cristina
Published: December 2020

Two gold(i) complexes with caffeine-based di(N-heterocyclic carbene) ligands were synthesised and fully characterised.
One-pot photocatalytic transformation of indolines into 3-thiocyanate indoles with new Ir(iii) photosensitizers bearing β-carbolines
Authors: Sanz-Villafruela Juan , Martínez-Alonso Carmen , Echevarría Igor , Vaquero Mónica , Carbayo Arancha , Fidalgo Jairo , Rodríguez Ana M. , Cuevas-Vicario José Vicente , Lima João C. , Moro Artur J. , Manzano Blanca R. , Jalón Félix A. , Espino Gustavo
Published: December 2020

Herein, we harness the combination of two photocatalytic reactions, promoted by new Ir(iii) photosensitizers, for the direct access to 3-thiocyanato indoles from indolines in a one-pot process.
Biocatalytic kinetic resolution of d,l-pantolactone by using a novel recombinant d-lactonase
Authors: Zhang Qiu-Hua , Fang Yi , Luo Wen-Fang , Huang Liu-Nv
Published: December 2020

d-Pantolactone is a key chiral intermediate for the synthesis of d-pantothenic acid and its derivatives.
A proteolytic nanobiocatalyst with built-in disulphide reducing properties
Authors: Briand Manon L. , Bikaki Maria , Puorger Chasper , Corvini Philippe F.-X. , Shahgaldian Patrick
Published: December 2020

Proteolytic nanobiocatalysts are equipped with intrinsic disulphide bond reducing properties.
Molecular analysis of homeostatic iron regulator, transmembrane protease serine-6, and BTB domain-containing protein-9 variants and iron parameters in blood donors
Authors: Fawzy Manal S. , Fakhr-Eldeen Abeer , Abu AlSel Baraah T. , Toraih Eman A.
Published: December 2020

Genetic variants associated with iron homeostasis have been identified, but their association with iron-related indices and variables among different ethnic populations remains controversial. We aimed to explore the genotype frequency and allelic distribution of three iron-metabolism related variants in homeostatic iron regulator gene (HFE; rs1800562 G/A), transmembrane protease, Serine-6 gene (TMPRSS6; rs855791 A/G), and BTB domain-containing protein-9 gene (BTBD9; rs9357271 C/T) among a sample of the Middle Eastern blood donors and to detect the association of these variants on blood indices, and serum hepcidin/ferritin levels. Real-Time TaqMan genotyping assay for the specified variants was applied for 197 unrelated blood donors. Complete blood picture and serum hepcidin/ferritin levels were assessed. All participants were carriers of rs1800562*G/G genotype for HFE. The frequency of A/A and A/G genotypes of TMPRSS6 rs855791 variant was 55% and 45%, and for C/C, C/T, and T/T of BTBD9 rs9357271, were 15%, 43%, and 42%, respectively. Minor allele frequencies of rs855791*G and rs9357271*C were 0.23 and 0.37. The GGC genotype combination (for HFE/TMPRSS6/BTBD9, respectively) was more frequent in male participants. Higher serum hepcidin and hepcidin/ferritin ratio were observed in TMPRSS6 (A/G) carriers. While subjects with BTBD9 C/T and TT genotypes had lower serum ferritin values and higher levels of hepcidin and hepcidin/ferritin ratio compared with C/C genotype. No significant associations were found with any other blood parameters.

In conclusion, TMPRSS6 rs855791 (A/G) and BTBD9 rs9357271 (C/T) variants were prevalent in the present blood donor population and may influence the serum hepcidin and/or ferritin levels.
Memory‐based ISMC design of DFIG‐based wind turbine model via T‐S fuzzy approach
Authors: Subramaniyam Ramasamy , Joo Young Hoon
Published: December 2020

This paper investigates the memory‐based integral sliding mode control (SMC) design for nonlinear doubly fed induction generator model. The proposed nonlinear doubly fed induction generator model is equivalent to linear sub‐systems via fuzzy membership functions by utilising the Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy approach. Then, a memory‐based sliding surface is intended, which is different from the conventional sliding surface. Based on suitable Lyapunov functionals and slack matrices, sufficient conditions are obtained, which guaranty the memory‐based Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy system to be globally asymptotically stable under the designed memory‐based sliding mode control through linear matrix inequality. Further, the desired memory‐based fuzzy SMC control gain is obtained by solving the concerned linear matrix inequality. Also, a memory‐based SMC law and an adaptive SMC law are incorporated to make the system state trajectories onto the pretend sliding switching manifold in a finite‐time. The derived conditions are verified in the numerical section with the nonlinear doubly fed induction generator model, which are formulated for reflecting the characteristics of the proposed wind turbine model.
A novel AC line distance protection scheme for AC/DC hybrid system based on fault likeness factor
Authors: Ma Jing , Wu Yuchong , Phadke Arun G.
Published: December 2020

Concerning the mal‐operation of distance protection in AC/DC hybrid system due to commutation failure in DC system caused by AC‐side fault, a novel AC line distance protection scheme based on fault likeness factor is proposed. First, by analysing the conducting state of converter in different time intervals, the expression of feed‐in current from DC system to AC system is derived. On this basis, combining AC‐side fault component network, the fault location equation considering the impact of feed‐in current from DC system is established. Thus, by solving the equation consisting of information at multiple time sections, the fault location is calculated. And then, according to the consistency between the calculated fault location and actual fault location, the fault likeness factor is constructed to distinguish between in‐zone and out‐of‐zone faults. Finally, simulation tests in RT‐LAB verify that, the proposed scheme can identify in‐zone and out‐of‐zone faults fast and accurately in the case of commutation failure caused by different types of fault, strongly immune to fault resistance.
Coordinated formation control for intelligent and connected vehicles in multiple traffic scenarios
Authors: Xu Qing , Cai Mengchi , Li Keqiang , Xu Biao , Wang Jianqiang , Wu Xiangbin
Published: December 2020

In this paper, a unified multi‐vehicle formation control framework for intelligent and connected vehicles (ICVs) that can apply to multiple traffic scenarios is proposed. In the one‐dimensional scenario, different formation geometries are analysed, and the interlaced structure is mathematically modellised to improve driving safety while making full use of the lane capacity. The assignment problem for vehicles, and target positions is solved using Hungarian algorithm to improve the flexibility of the method in multiple scenarios. In the two‐dimensional scenario, an improved virtual platoon method is proposed to transfer the complex two‐dimensional passing problem to the one‐dimensional formation control problem based on the idea of rotation projection. Besides, the vehicle regrouping method is proposed to connect the two scenarios. Simulation results prove that the proposed multi‐vehicle formation control framework can apply to multiple typical scenarios, and have better performance than existing methods.
Verbal Communication of a Person with a Chatbot as a Discursive Practice in the Era of Digitalization: a Pragmatic Aspect
Authors: Babaeva Raisa , Babaev Dmitrii , Peters Manfred
Published: December 2020

Based on the analysis of users dialogues and chatbots presented on the websites of German commercial firms, the article describes the linguistic and pragmatic features of human interaction with «virtual assistants», specifies the characteristics of chatbots and the texts generated by them, characteristics that make interactions anthropomorphic, and the parameters are also determined that indicate the artificiality of the communication between the client and the chatbot. The interaction of the user and the program created on the basis of artificial intelligence is carried out using the language of «daily people communication», therefore, this communicative interaction is considered in the article as a separate discursive practice with its own characteristics. The article notes that so far, when studying the interaction of customers and chatbots, the main focus has been on technical, economic and social aspects, but not linguistic ones. The empirical study of user dialogues with «virtual assistants» presented in the work contains conclusions that are of interest for formulating recommendations to clients who turn to communication services in order to obtain information about any product or service, as well as to representatives of Internet commerce and IT developers, who are developing concepts for using chatbots in sales.
English-language media discourse in the digital age: psychological mechanisms of functioning
Authors: Guslyakova Alla , Guslyakova Nina , Kirsanov Vyacheslav , Vethova Marina , Vatkova Olga
Published: December 2020

The article raises the problem of the English-language media discourse which in its interaction with the basic psychological mechanisms of human consciousness (goal-setting, attitude and reflection) at the age of digitalization has created a new form of media discourse environment providing communication and influence on both native English speakers and non-native ones. The theoretical, as well as statistical and content analyses conducted in the research, allowed identifying two media blocks (two types of media discourses) in the English-speaking media world that have different goal-setting mechanisms, attitudes and reflection levels. The findings of the study based on the example of a political theme zone frequently circulated in the English-language media discourse demonstrated how the interaction and mutual influence between the psychological mechanisms and the media discourse are changed and depend on whether the information flow is generated by the institutional English-language media discourse or it is presented and promoted by individual media actors.
Polycode content of news texts about coronavirus with proper names (PN) in electronic socio-political discourse
Authors: Shehi Erjola , Karabulatova Irina , Niyazova Gulsina , Trang Khuong Thi Thu
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes the features of the functioning of proper names in the news socio-political discourse in different countries and regions (Russia, Tatarstan, Vietnam, Albania). The authors consider the psycholinguistic aspects of the use of PN’s in texts about coronavirus, identify the features of the impact of such texts on the reader, and identify the target orientation of such texts. Hypothesis: PN in news reports about coronavirus in modern socio-political discourse in conditions of quarantine and self-isolation serve as a bond that unites different layers of society, creating a hologram of a single mental space. The very problem of coronavirus is potentially dangerous for society due to the increased attention of all representatives of society to the problem of health. The relevance is due to the increasing influence of AI on personality identification and the problems of attribution of texts in the news sociopolitical discourse since it has a priority influence on the transformation of public consciousness. The authors consider the traditional role of PN’s in the news text, with an emphasis on performing the tasks of a certain ethnolinguistic and cultural marker. The study helps to understand language universals in the transmission of psychoemotional moods in a situation of stress in a pandemic situation.
On the Role of Linguistics in Ecosystem Management
Authors: Kalu Nnabueze Nwankwo , Zakirova Yulia
Published: December 2020

Ecosystem management is a speciality guaranteeing quality in knowledge towards management and modernization of innovations in ecology. Effective ecosystem management demands tools to overcome the difficulties and limitations of methodologies in the development and implementation of environmental policies. To achieve the appropriate application of principles of knowledge in different languages, the relevance of Linguistics emerges. The main purpose of this study is to develop an understanding of the fact that making use of resources from Linguistics is specific in the direction of understanding the mechanics of language. which creates a platform for a better understanding of the maintenance of natural resource in various languages. Ecosystem management is essential to the harmony of the natural habitats of organisms. Management of natural resources and habitats are necessary regardless of uncertainty. Ignoring tradeoffs among ecosystem services can create unwanted management outcomes.
Special Consideration in the Management of Hump Noses in Asians
Authors: Jang Yong Ju , Moon Hyun
Published: December 2020

Although not as prevalent as in Caucasian rhinoplasty, correction of a hump nose also poses a significant problem for East Asian rhinoplasty. The hump noses in East Asians can be classified as generalized humps, isolated humps, and relative humps with a low tip. Appropriate management of the Asian hump nose demands a good understanding of the anatomical characteristics unique to East Asians. As the East Asians generally prefer to have a nose with a prominent tip and well-augmented nasal dorsum, the concept of redistribution is significant in managing convex dorsum of the East Asians. Hump reduction should be done in a conservative and incremental manner, including careful removal of the bony cap and cartilaginous hump. Tip augmentation using a septal extension graft is an essential maneuver to achieve an aesthetically pleasing tip height, which has a tremendous impact on the overall aesthetic outcome. Midvault reconstruction, dorsal augmentation, and camouflage are additional key elements for the success of the operation. Complications such as undercorrection and dorsal irregularities are not uncommon, requiring surgeons to take utmost care to address them.
Degenerative Lumbar Spine Disease, Not Fusion, May Be a Risk Factor for Instability after Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Witmer Daniel K. , Deckard Evan R. , Meneghini R. Michael
Published: December 2020

Dislocation rates after total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with fixed spinopelvic motion have been reported as high as 20%. Few studies exist specifically for lumbar spine degenerative joint disease (DJD) and its relationship to THA instability. There were two study objectives: (1) report the incidence of lumbar spine DJD and previous lumbar spine fusion and (2) evaluate the relationship of these two conditions and other potential risk factors to postoperative dislocation after THA. We retrospectively reviewed 818 consecutive THAs performed by a single surgeon utilizing a posterior approach. Comprehensive medical chart and radiographic review was performed to identify patients with lumbar spine DJD and lumbar spine fusion. Radiographic measurements, patient factors, surgical factors, and incidences of dislocation also were recorded. Eight hundred and twelve THAs were analyzed. There were 10 dislocations (1.2%, 10/812). Lumbar spine DJD and previous lumbar spine fusion occurred in 33.4% (271/812) and 5.9% (48/812) of patients, respectively. Lumbar spine DJD, acetabular protrusio, and female sex were significant predictors of dislocation using a Firth penalized maximum likelihood estimation specifically for rare events (area under receiver-operator characteristic curve = 0.91, 95% confidence interval 0.86, 0.96). Interestingly, only 2 of 10 dislocations had a previous lumbar spine fusion. Lumbar spine DJD, acetabular protrusio, and female sex were significant predictors of dislocation, while lumbar spine fusion was largely unrelated. This study used data available to most practicing surgeons and provides useful information for counseling patients preoperatively.
Practical Considerations in Adopting New Technology for Facial Cosmetic Procedures
Authors: Rousso Joseph J.
Published: December 2020

The field of facial plastic and reconstructive surgery encompasses both surgical and nonsurgical facets, creating a supplemental level of care and an additional layer of complexity. Determining the “best course of care” can be very difficult in experienced situations, but even more so when considering adopting an emerging technology. A basic and practical method of analyzing a new technology requires investigating the risk-to-benefit assessment, the utility and clinical outcomes compared with other treatment options, and an introspective ethical appraisal of whether the technology is foremost for patient care purposes. Even after employing a new technology, constant monitoring and reevaluation of the results is necessary to determine if it should be continued or altered.
Antiplatelet Therapy with Cangrelor in Patients Undergoing Surgery after Coronary Stent Implantation: A Real-World Bridging Protocol Experience
Authors: Rossini Roberta , Masiero Giulia , Fruttero Claudia , Passamonti Enrico , Calvaruso Elba , Cecconi Moreno , Carlucci Cesare , Mojoli Marco , Guido Parodi , Talanas Giuseppe , Pierini Simona , Canova Paolo , De Cesare Nicoletta , Luceri Stefania , Barzaghi Nicoletta , Melloni Giulio , Baralis Giorgio , Locatelli Alessandro , Musumeci Giuseppe , Angiolillo Dominick J.
Published: December 2020

Objective The aim of the study is to describe the real-world use of the P2Y12 inhibitor cangrelor as a bridging strategy in patients at high thrombotic risk after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and referred to surgery requiring perioperative withdrawal of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT).

Materials and Methods We collected data from nine Italian centers on patients with previous PCI who were still on DAPT and undergoing nondeferrable surgery requiring DAPT discontinuation. A perioperative standardized bridging protocol with cangrelor was used.

Results Between December 2017 and April 2019, 24 patients (mean age 72 years; male 79%) were enrolled. All patients were at high thrombotic risk after PCI and required nondeferrable intermediate to high bleeding risk surgery requiring DAPT discontinuation (4.6 ± 1.7 days). Cangrelor infusion was started at a bridging dose (0.75 µg/kg/min) 3 days before planned surgery and was discontinued 6.6 ± 1.5 hours prior to surgical incision. In 55% of patients, cangrelor was resumed at 9 ± 6 hours following surgery for a mean of 39 ± 38 hours. One cardiac death was reported after 3 hours of cangrelor discontinuation prior to surgery. No ischemic outcomes occurred after surgery and up to 30-days follow-up. The mean hemoglobin drop was <2 g/dL; nine patients received blood transfusions consistent with the type of surgery, but no life-threatening or fatal bleeding occurred.

Conclusion Perioperative bridging therapy with cangrelor is a feasible approach for stented patients at high thrombotic risk and referred to surgery requiring DAPT discontinuation. Larger studies are warranted to support the safety of this strategy.
Role of Transarterial Embolization in the Management of Hepatic Artery Pseudoaneurysm Postlaparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Gandhi Rozil Jayesh , Gala Kunal Bharat , Gandhi Aditi K.
Published: December 2020

Purpose To assess the safety and effectiveness of transarterial embolization (TAE) in the management of hepatic artery pseudoaneurysms following laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).

Materials and Methods This is a retrospective study consisting of 13 patients who had undergone TAE for management of pseudoaneurysms of the hepatic artery or its branches following LC. Patients presented with symptoms such as hypotension, hematemesis, melena or gradual anemia post LC. Abdominal CT revealed hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm in all patients. TAE was performed with either coils or N-butyl cyanoacrylate or both. We evaluated technical and clinical effectiveness and complications of TAE.

Results TAE was successful both technically and in stopping bleeding in all patients (100% technical and clinical success). No patient had rebleeding after TAE. Four patients required laparotomy for draining hemoperitoneum and clots. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for hemobilia or bile duct injury was done in eight patients. Following TAE, hepatic infarct was observed in three patients. Postembolization syndrome was seen in four patients and one patient died due to sepsis.

Conclusions TAE is effective for treatment of hepatic artery pseudoaneurysms after LC. Hepatic infarcts and postembolization syndrome are the most common complications and can be managed conservatively.
A review of functional nanotechnology: Its use and potential in precision medicine
Authors: McConnon Aili
Published: December 2020

From targeted drug delivery to detecting early markers of diseases, DNA-based nano-objects establish control mechanisms for a wide array of biomedical applications
Self-Assembly of CDs@NH2-MOF(Ni)/n-Bu4NBr and its Catalytic Performance for CO2 Fixation with Epoxides
Authors: Huang Kai , Zhang Xiaomeng
Published: December 2020

Metal–organic frameworks (CDs@NH2-MOF(Ni)) with carbon dots as the core were synthesised successfully by a one-pot method. The synthesised CDs@NH2-MOF(Ni) contain a large number of amine functional groups and a large surface area for capturing CO2. The FT-IR spectra showed that there exists a large number of carboxylate and amine groups on the surface of the carbon dots, and analysis by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis confirmed that the CDs had successfully entered the CDs@NH2-MOF(Ni). The cycloaddition reaction of propylene oxide (PO) and CO2 was carried out using CDs@NH2-MOF(Ni)/tetra-n-butylammonium bromide (TBAB) and NH2-MOF(Ni)/TBAB as catalytic systems, respectively. The reaction results showed that the two catalytic systems have good catalytic performance for the cycloaddition reaction of PO and CO2. Compared with that of the NH2-MOF(Ni)/TBAB system, both the conversion of PO and the yield of propylene carbonate (PC) are improved in the CDs@NH2-MOF(Ni)/TBAB system. Finally, the optimum catalytic reaction conditions, such as time, temperature, CO2 pressure, and five cycles of catalytic effect, were also discussed. Meanwhile, the mechanism of the catalytic system CDs@NH2-MOF(Ni)/TBAB in the cycloaddition reaction of PO and CO2 was proposed in this work.
Phonological change and interdialectal differences between Egyptian and Coptic: ḏ, ṯ → c = ϫ versus ḏ, ṯ → t = ⲧ
Authors: Kilani Marwan
Published: December 2020

The development of the Egyptian palatalsḏandṯhas long been a thorny issue in Egyptian linguistics. No convincing phonological rule for it has been identified so far. In the present paper I argue that the distribution of these phonemes is the result of inter-dialectal borrowings between a pre-Coptic dialect (C‑Dialect) in whichḏ , ṯ→c = ϫ and a pre-Coptic dialect (T‑Dialect) in whichḏ , ṯ→t = ⲧ. It is then argued that the attested Coptic dialects derive from T‑Dialects with lexical borrowings from C‑Dialects. A preliminary discussion of the sociolinguistic contexts of these dialects is presented in the second part of the article, where it is suggested that the C‑Dialect may have been associated with the area of the cities of Avaris/Pi-Ramses/Tanis and may have become a prestigious dialect and thus a source of lexical borrowings starting from the 19th dynasty.
Relationship between manifold smoothness and adversarial vulnerability in deep learning with local errors*
Authors: Jiang Zijian , Zhou Jianwen , Huang Haiping
Published: December 2020

Artificial neural networks can achieve impressive performances, and even outperform humans in some specific tasks. Nevertheless, unlike biological brains, the artificial neural networks suffer from tiny perturbations in sensory input, under various kinds of adversarial attacks. It is therefore necessary to study the origin of the adversarial vulnerability. Here, we establish a fundamental relationship between geometry of hidden representations (manifold perspective) and the generalization capability of the deep networks. For this purpose, we choose a deep neural network trained by local errors, and then analyze emergent properties of the trained networks through the manifold dimensionality, manifold smoothness, and the generalization capability. To explore effects of adversarial examples, we consider independent Gaussian noise attacks and fast-gradient-sign-method (FGSM) attacks. Our study reveals that a high generalization accuracy requires a relatively fast power-law decay of the eigen-spectrum of hidden representations. Under Gaussian attacks, the relationship between generalization accuracy and power-law exponent is monotonic, while a non-monotonic behavior is observed for FGSM attacks. Our empirical study provides a route towards a final mechanistic interpretation of adversarial vulnerability under adversarial attacks.
Generation of cavity-birefringence-dependent multi-wavelength bright–dark pulse pair in a figure-eight thulium-doped fiber laser*
Authors: Wang Xiao-Fa , Liu Dong-Xin , Han Hui-Hui , Mao Hong-Yang
Published: December 2020

We experimentally demonstrated a stable multi-wavelength bright–dark pulse pair in a mode-locked thulium-doped fiber laser (TDFL). The nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR) and nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM) were employed in a figure-eight cavity to allow for multi-wavelength mode-locking operation. By incorporating different lengths of high birefringence polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF), the fiber laser could operate stably in a multi-wavelength emission state. Compared with the absence of the PMF, the birefringence effect caused by PMF resulted in rich multi-wavelength optical spectra and better intensity symmetry and stability of the bright–dark pulse pair.
A novel plasmonic refractive index sensor based on gold/silicon complementary grating structure*
Authors: Wang Xiangxian , Zhu Jiankai , Xu Yueqi , Qi Yunping , Zhang Liping , Yang Hua , Yi Zao
Published: December 2020

A novel complementary grating structure is proposed for plasmonic refractive index sensing due to its strong resonance at near-infrared wavelength. The reflection spectra and the electric field distributions are obtained via the finite-difference time-domain method. Numerical simulation results show that multiple surface plasmon resonance modes can be excited in this novel structure. Subsequently, one of the resonance modes shows appreciable potential in refractive index sensing due to its wide range of action with the environment of the analyte. After optimizing the grating geometric variables of the structure, the designed structure shows the stable sensing performance with a high refractive index sensitivity of 1642 nm per refractive index unit (nm/RIU) and the figure of merit of 409 RIU−1. The promising simulation results indicate that such a sensor has a broad application prospect in biochemistry.
Anti-parity-time symmetric phase transition in diffusive systems*
Authors: Cao Pei-Chao , Zhu Xue-Feng
Published: December 2020

Parity-time (PT) symmetry/anti-parity-time (APT) symmetry in non-Hermitian systems reveal profound physics and spawn intriguing effects. Recently, it has been introduced into diffusive systems together with the concept of exceptional points (EPs) from quantum mechanics and the wave systems. With the aid of convection, we can generate complex thermal conductivity and imitate various wavelike dynamics in heat transfer, where heat flow can be “stopped” or moving against the background motion. Non-Hermitian diffusive systems offer us a new platform to investigate the heat wave manipulation. In this review, we first introduce the construction of APT symmetry in a simple double-channel toy model. Then we show the phase transition around the EP. Finally, we extend the double-channel model to the four-channel one for showing the high-order EP and the associated phase transition. In a general conclusion, the phase difference of adjacent channels is always static in the APT symmetric phase, while it dynamically evolves or oscillates when the APT symmetry is broken.
Reply to “Comment on ‘Fluctuation-dominated phase ordering at a mixed order transition’”
Authors: Barma Mustansir , Majumdar Satya N , Mukamel David
Published: December 2020

Godrèche, in Comment on ‘Fluctuation dominated phase ordering at a mixed order transition’ [2021 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.
54 038001], has commented on our recent paper Fluctuation dominated phase ordering at a mixed order transition (2019 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.
52 254001). This comment concerns the prefactor of the cusp-like small-argument singularity of the scaled spin-spin correlation function at criticality. We remark that the approach used in our paper is adequate for computing the cusp exponent, which is what is really needed to establish fluctuation-dominated phase ordering. Computing the precise value of the prefactor of the cusp singularity is irrelevant for this purpose, or for the physics behind the relation between the mixed order phase transition and the fluctuation-dominated phase ordering—the understanding of which was the main purpose of our paper.
Duality defect of the monster CFT
Authors: Lin Ying-Hsuan , Shao Shu-Heng
Published: December 2020

We show that the fermionization of the Monster CFT with respect to

Z

2
A

is the tensor product of a free fermion and the Baby Monster CFT. The chiral fermion parity of the free fermion implies that the Monster CFT is self-dual under the

Z

2
A

orbifold, i.e. it enjoys the Kramers–Wannier duality. The Kramers–Wannier duality defect extends the Monster group to a larger category of topological defect lines that contains an Ising subcategory. We introduce the defect McKay–Thompson series defined as the Monster partition function twisted by the duality defect, and find that the coefficients can be decomposed into the dimensions of the (projective) irreducible representations of the Baby Monster group. We further prove that the defect McKay–Thompson series is invariant under the genus-zero congruence subgroup 16D
0 of

P
S
L

(

2
,
Z

)

.
Effect of CeO2 on microstructures and mechanical properties of welded high-strength steel weld metal
Authors: Yu Hang , Zhang Tianli , Chen Yu , Wang Weiguang , Wu Wen
Published: December 2020

The effect of CeO2 on the microstructures and mechanical properties of welded high-strength steel weld metal was investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and mechanical testing. The results demonstrate that the addition of CeO2 can promote the refinement and spheroidization of inclusions, refine the grains, and form acicular ferrites in the weld metals. When the addition of CeO2 increased from 0% to 3%, the content of bainites gradually decreased, and the lath structure disappeared. The formation of the acicular ferrite ductile phase inhibited the formation of bainites and other strengthened phases in the weld metals, and the microstructure of acicular ferrites was excessive. When the CeO2 content was 1%, the tensile strength was 903 MPa, the yield strength was 848 MPa, and the low-temperature impact toughness was 61 J at −40 °C. When the CeO2 content was 3%, the low-temperature impact toughness of the weld metal gradually increased to a maximum value of 71 J. The weld metal had the highest toughness but the lowest strength. The addition of CeO2 changed the pattern of crack generation, and the fracture mode changed from quasi-cleavage fractures to ductile fractures with dimples. To achieve a good matching of strength and toughness, the wire No. 2 with 1% CeO2 had the best comprehensive mechanical properties.