bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What are the most important consumer decision factors when choosing an airline? An emerging economy perspective
Authors: Banerji Diptiman , Saha Victor , Singh Nihal , Srivastava Ritu
Published: February 2022

Purpose

The quest to acquire new customers and retain the existing ones is a challenge for all aviation companies. This paper attempts to assist the aviation companies in tackling this challenge by revealing the most important factors that their customers consider to be the most important while making purchasing choices.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing on three separate studies, this paper identifies the most important factors that influence consumers' choice of airlines in an emerging economy context. The first study adopts a qualitative approach with 20 respondents (Max QDA is used for analyzing these data), followed by the second study based on a quantitative survey with 105 participants, and finally, the third study which employs a multi-criteria decision-making technique named fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) on a sample of 12 expert customers.

Findings

The findings of this paper reveal that customer care quality and on-time arrival are the two most important factors that aviation customers consider while making their purchase decisions. In contrast, baggage allowance and fastest route to destination are the two least considered by aviation customers while making their purchasing choices.

Research limitations/implications

This study includes only a geographic-specific segment of passengers. Future studies of consumer preferences in the aviation industry may include consumers belonging to other geographic regions. Furthermore, future studies may segment their sample populations based on factors other than age, the purpose of travel and booking medium.

Practical implications

This investigation attempts to give a rich and holistic understanding of the different factors that influence the aviation choices of consumers of varying segments. This study has significant practical implications as modern-day airlines aim to optimally cater to the needs of their target segments without incurring additional costs on services that consumers do not deem to be as important.

Originality/value

This study highlights the importance attributed to each identified factor by passengers, something that previous research has mostly ignored.
Interpersonal knowledge transfer within the multinational enterprise: incorporating identity based quasi-formal knowledge governance mechanisms
Authors: Sharma Revti Raman , Phookan Himadree
Published: February 2022

Purpose

The paper aims to incorporate the social identity theory perspectives to the knowledge-based view in order to suggest how certain organizational characteristics can be leveraged as knowledge governance mechanisms for interpersonal knowledge transfer within the multinational enterprise (MNE).

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is a conceptual discussion on interpersonal knowledge governance mechanisms.

Findings

The paper proposes a new set of governance mechanisms which may be leveraged to govern interpersonal knowledge transfer. These mechanisms utilize organizational identity of individuals to govern individual level knowledge transfer behavior with the MNE. The paper also illustrates how subsidiary power, one of such mechanisms, influences interpersonal knowledge transfer within the MNE through organizational identification.

Research limitations/implications

As the paper is conceptual, the proposed mechanisms have not been substantiated empirically. It calls for empirically testing the suggested mechanisms across countries.

Practical implications

The paper provides insights to managers for leveraging on organizational identity to manage interpersonal level knowledge transfer within the MNE.

Originality/value

The paper adds organizational identity-based knowledge governance mechanisms to the knowledge governance approach. It highlights how certain organizational characteristics (e.g. subsidiary power), even though these are not knowledge governance mechanisms per se, can be utilized to govern interpersonal knowledge transfer with the MNE.
Assessment of joint audit mission quality in Tunisia
Authors: Abdelmoula Lassaad
Published: February 2022

Purpose

Using a sample of 250 Tunisian companies, this paper aims to assess the joint audit mission quality in Tunisia.

Design/methodology/approach

The present work aimed at investigating the determining factors of the joint audit quality.

Findings

A total of nine essential determining factors were predictably identified: length of service, experience, size asymmetry between the joint auditors, complexity, governance, expertise, information and communications technology use, profitability and staff qualification. However, results show that specialization, satisfaction, the supply of services other than audit, work distribution, leverage as well as size have a positive but non-significant correlation with the joint audit quality, which may be due to the Tunisian context.

Originality/value

Many previous works have been conducted on joint audit in France (Haaket al., 2018), Denmark (Lesageet al., 2017), Germany (Velte and Azibi, 2015), Sweden (Zerniet al., 2012) and Italy (Bianchiet al., 2019). However, to the authors’ knowledge, the Tunisian context is still under-studied and, thus, the objective was to fill this gap in the literature b.y examining the determinants of the quality of joint audit in Tunisia.
The effects of subordinates’ performance on manager–subordinate conflict under the moderation effect of propensity to trust: an attribution approach
Authors: Konuk Hizir , Ataman Goksel , Yozgat Ugur
Published: February 2022

Purpose

This study aims to reveal the role of performance on the likelihood of conflict occurrence and the conditions that affect this relationship. This study measures managers’ perceptions about the cause of the subordinate’s low-level performance, stability of the performance, propensity to trust of managers and investigate the effects of them on conflict types.

Design/methodology/approach

This study draws on the attribution theory for investigating the effect of the negative performance of subordinates on a conflict between manager and subordinate by using the quantitative research method. A random sample was drawn from 150 Turkish mid-level managers from midsized small and medium - sized enterprises companies. The hypotheses are tested by hierarchical linear modeling.

Findings

According to results, negative performance of subordinates may predict the types of conflict depending on the attributions of managers about negative performance. In addition, the manager’s attributions to the locus of control or/and to the stability affect the likelihood of conflict types occurrence, between managers and subordinates. Depending on the managers’ attributions, the propensity to trust of managers has a significant moderation effect on the relationship between performance of subordinates and the likelihood of conflict types occurrence.

Originality/value

This study advances knowledge on conditions that affect the likelihood of conflict occurrence. It contributes to the literature by suggesting performance as a predictor of conflict instead of an outcome of the conflict. The research is one of the rare studies investigating the relationship between attributions and conflict. In addition, it expands the understanding of personal traits and conflict interaction by testing the moderation effect of propensity to trust.
A long-memory analysis for the CBOE Brazil ETF volatility index
Authors: Monte Edson Zambon
Published: February 2022

Purpose

The main goal of this paper is to investigate whether there is long-memory behavior in the CBOE Brazil ETF volatility index (named here VIXBR). As structural breaks may create a spurious long-range dependence, the presence of structural breaks is also gauged.

Design/methodology/approach

The study considers the period from October 2011 to March 2021, using daily data. To test the long-memory behavior, three empirical approaches are adopted: GPH, ELW and robust GPH (RGPH) estimator. To estimate the structural break points adopted to date the subsamples, the ICSS algorithm is used.

Findings

Results considering the total period (TP) and subsamples show that the breaks did not create a spurious long-memory behavior and together with the rolling estimation, reveal strong evidence of the long-range dependence in the CBOE Brazil ETF volatility index. The higher degree of persistent of the VIXBR series suggests an extended period of increased uncertainty that agents need consider when making their investment decision.

Research limitations/implications

As possible extension of this study is to investigate the behavior of long memory and structural breaks for different frequencies (weekly, monthly, among others).

Practical implications

The presence of long-range dependence in the CBOE Brazil ETF volatility index reveals that the past information is important for the predictability of risks, and therefore, can help to protect against market risks, which has important implications regarding the future decisions of economic agents (for example, policy makers and investors).

Originality/value

Brazil is an emerging capital market (ECM) that has attracted a great deal of attention from investors and investment funds seeking to diversify its assets. This paper contributes to the empirical financial literature, by studying the long-memory behavior of the CBOE Brazil ETF volatility index, considering possible structural breaks. To the best of knowledge, this has not been done so far.
BAME employees' work experience in the UK public sector: an empirical study of academic and research libraries
Authors: Ishaq Mohammed , Hussain Asifa Maaria
Published: February 2022

Purpose

The research was aimed at gauging the experiences of Black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) staff working in academic and research libraries across the UK, part of the higher education and public sector significantly under researched.

Design/methodology/approach

Using an essentially qualitative approach involving a focus group and in-depth interviews, the research design aimed to capture the lived experiences of BAME library employees.

Findings

BAME employees are very conscious of their ethnicity due to a feeling of being monitored and under pressure to perform to a higher standard. BAME staff are subjected to verbal racism including microaggression from co-workers. There is no adequate mechanism in place to address the concerns of BAME staff and represent their interests. BAME employees are overrepresented at lower ends of the profession and are not encouraged by line managers to pursue promotion opportunities leading to a distinct lack of diversity at the top level of academic libraries.

Research limitations/implications

There are implications for the work experience and career development of BAME library staff, for the leadership and management of libraries and the wider higher education sector to reflect upon.

Originality/value

Based on real life experiences of BAME staff, this research plugs a gap in a neglected area of the public and higher education sector and provides an opportunity for managers of academic libraries to reflect on the issues raised and consider interventions.
A progressive genetic-based neural architecture search
Authors: Chen Yi-Cheng
Published: February 2022

Purpose

Recently, more and more attention has been put forth on the application and deep learning, due to the widespread practicability of neural network computation. The purpose of this paper is developing an effective algorithm to automatically discover the optimal neural network architecture for several real applications.

Design/methodology/approach

The author proposes a novel algorithm, namely, progressive genetic-based neural architecture search (PG-NAS), as a solution to efficiently find the optimal neural network structure for given data. PG-NAS also employs several operations to effectively shrink the search space to reduce the computation cost and improve the accuracy validation.

Findings

The proposed PG-NAS could be utilized on several tasks for discovering the optimal network structure. The author reduces the demand of manual settings when implementing artificial intelligence (AI) models; hence, PG-NAS requires less human intervention than traditional machine learning. The average and top-1 metrics, such as error, loss and accuracy, are used to measure the discovered neural architectures of the proposed model over all baselines. The experimental results show that, with several real datasets, the proposed PG-NAS model consistently outperforms the state-of-the-art models in all metrics.

Originality/value

Generally, the size and the complexity of the search space for the neural network dominates the performance of computation time and resources. In this study, PG-NAS utilizes genetic operations to effectively generate the compact candidate set, i.e. fewer combinations need to be generated when constructing the candidate set. Moreover, by the proposed selector in PG-NAS, the non-promising network structure could be significantly pruned off. In addition, the accuracy derivation of each combination in the candidate set is also a performance bottleneck. The author develops a predictor network to efficiently estimate the accuracy to avoid the time-consuming derivation. The learning of the prediction process is also adjusted dynamically; this adaptive learning of the predictor could capture the pattern of training data effectively and efficiently. Furthermore, the proposed PG-NAS algorithm is applied on several real datasets to show its practicability and scalability.
Impact of brand nostalgia on intention to purchase brand extensions: moderating role of brand attachment
Authors: Banerjee Shubhomoy , Shaikh Ateeque
Published: February 2022

Purpose

The study aims to investigate the impact of brand nostalgia, self-brand connections and parent brand trust on brand extension purchase intention. Additionally, the research examines the moderating effect of brand attachment on the link between brand nostalgia and intention to purchase brand extensions, as well as the relationship between self-brand connections and intention to purchase brand extensions.

Design/methodology/approach

The study collected data from 458 respondents in India using a cross-sectional survey research methodology. The collected data were analysed in two stages in SPSS, using structural equation modelling and the process macro bootstrapping method.

Findings

The study’s results indicate that although brand nostalgia and self-brand linkages exert a favourable impact on intention to purchase brand extensions, this effect is not significant when it comes to brand trust. Brand attachment acts as a moderator between brand nostalgia and the intention to purchase brand extensions. Additionally, brand attachment acts as a moderator between self-brand connections and the intention to purchase brand extensions.

Research limitations/implications

The study adds to the consumer–brand relationship and brand extension literature by proposing and empirically testing a comprehensive model that determines the role of brand nostalgia in the formation of self-brand connections with the brand, trust in the parent brand and, finally, the intention to purchase brand extensions. Additionally, it examines if consumers’ attachment to the parent brand increases or decreases their intention to purchase brand extensions.

Practical implications

Consumer brand nostalgia may be leveraged while introducing brand extensions into the market. What is more, managers could use brand attachment to enhance the impact of brand nostalgia for favourable brand expansion assessments.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first research to examine the influence of brand nostalgia and self-brand connections on the intention to purchase brand extensions. Besides, it tests the moderating impact of brand attachment on the relationship between brand nostalgia and intention to purchase brand extensions.
Directional predictability between trading volume and price returns in the agricultural futures markets: risk implications for traders
Authors: Panagiotou Dimitrios , Tseriki Alkistis
Published: February 2022

Purpose

The cross-quantilogram analysis is employed. The latter can assess the temporal association between two stationary time series at different parts of their joint distribution. Data are daily prices and trading volumes from the futures markets of five agricultural commodities, namely, corn, hard red wheat, oats, rice and soybeans.

Design/methodology/approach

The objective to the present work is to investigate for directional predictability between returns and volume (and vice versa) in the futures markets of agricultural commodities.

Findings

The empirical results reveal evidence, weak as well as strong, that extreme low values of returns are likely to lead high levels of volume. There is also weak evidence that extreme low values of volume are likely to precede high values of returns, except for the futures markets of oats where there is very strong evidence that low values of volume are likely to lead high values of returns. For the commodity of soybeans, there is very strong evidence that extreme high levels of volume are likely to lead high values of returns, but they are very short lived.

Research limitations/implications

Agricultural futures have been recently characterized by increased volatility leading hedgers to be looking for diversification. The present findings suggest that when price crashes occur, investors who suffer losses wish to sell, increasing this way the trading activity. Concurrently, the results reveal that extreme low levels of trading volume might signal a possible price turn around for traders.

Originality/value

This is the first study that employs the quantilogram approach in order to investigate for potential predictability from returns to volume and from volume to returns, in the futures markets of agricultural commodities.
“I will buy what my ‘friend’ recommends”: the effects of parasocial relationships, influencer credibility and self-esteem on purchase intentions
Authors: Bi Nicky Chang , Zhang Ruonan
Published: February 2022

Purpose

Influencer marketing is a newer interactive marketing model that has attracted the attention of scholars and marketers. The study aimed to examine the mediation role of influencer credibility (IC) and the moderation role of self-esteem in the effects of individuals' parasocial relationships (PSR) with YouTube influencers on their product attitudes (PATs) and purchase intentions (PIs).

Design/methodology/approach

The researchers used an online survey to test a sequential mediation model and moderation mediation models using Hayes PROCESS modeling.

Findings

The researchers revealed a sequential mediation model that IC and PAT mediate the association between PSR and PI. Individuals who perceived IC to be low were more likely to buy an endorsed product when their self-esteem got lower. When their self-esteem is low, individuals tend to purchase the endorsed products if they have stronger PSR with the influencers. However, they are less likely to buy the endorsed products when their self-esteem gets higher.

Originality/value

The study expands the dimensions of IC. The persuasive power of IC and influencer-user relationship was affected by individual differences, namely, self-esteem. Brands should pay attention to customers' personalities, motivations and preferences when designing strategies to market their products via social media.
Competitive intensity: bridging the gap between corporate social responsibility and competitive advantage
Authors: Rasheed Burhan , Ahmad Muhammad
Published: February 2022

Purpose

The concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is still at a growing stage in developing economies, so this research aims to examine a novel causal link between CSR (disclosure and expenditure) and competitive advantage (CA), by including competitive intensity (CI) as a moderator.

Design/methodology/approach

The panel data of non-financial firms were collected for eight years (2013–2020). This study used distinct proxies of CA, including adjusted firm return on assets and adjusted firm Tobin's q, and a third proxy used to discover the combined validity of the findings. The CSR disclosure was measured by developing an index, while the amount of CSR expenditure was collected from firms' annual reports.

Findings

The empirical results of Arellano–Bond estimator showed that CSR disclosure and expenditure have a positive and significant impact on CA. This relationship is also tested with CI as a moderator, the results of moderation showed that CI strengthens the relationship between studied variables.

Originality/value

This research tries to bridge the gap between CSR and CA through CI. It is also an addition to the existing literature by addressing the issue of CA generated from CSR activities. This study also explores the area of CA with three different types of proxies with the moderating effect of CI.
The association of body image, percent body fat, nutrient intake, physical activity among adolescent
Authors: Gifari Nazhif , Sitoayu Laras , Nuzrina Rachmanida , Ronitawati Putri , Kuswari Mury , Prasetyo Teguh Jati
Published: February 2022

Purpose

Obesity in adolescents has been a severe public health problem in developing countries in recent years. This study aims to assess the differences in socioeconomic, nutrition knowledge, breakfast habits, body image, physical activity, smoking, total sleep quality and nutrient intake between obese and non-obese adolescents.

Design/methodology/approach

This cross-sectional study with 2,432 adolescents (16–18 years) was conducted at senior high schools in DKI Jakarta from January to November 2019. Body image, percent body fat, nutrition intake and physical activity variables were collected.

Findings

This study found that more than 30% of adolescents in DKI Jakarta were overweight and obese. Overall, adolescents have a 56.3% positive body image, participate in moderate-intensity physical activity (49.02%), and smoke was found at a rate of 6.9%. The average total sleep quality was 71.3% fair and nutrient intakes 1599 ± 413 calories. The findings suggest that monthly income (p= 0.001,p= 0.016), energy intake (p= 0.005,p= 0.019) and total sleep quality (p= 0.008,p= 0.04) variables were consistently associated with nutritional status and percent body fat. Moreover, the body image perception (p= 0.035) variable had a negative correlation with nutritional status, and the smoking habits variable (p= 0.001) had a negative correlation with percent body fat.

Originality/value

This study provides empirical evidence that establishes the association between monthly income, energy intake, total sleep quality with nutritional status and body fat percentage in adolescents.
Stock reactions of the S&P500 industries to negative and positive COVID-19 news
Authors: Alhenawi Yasser , Elkhal Khaled , Li Zhe
Published: February 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to use the Covid-19 pandemic situation to conduct an experiment-like study that focuses on industry reactions under stress. Particularly, this study analyzes stock response to eight pandemic related news in 2020 across different industries. This study also investigates the role that the market risk, beta, plays in such stock reactions.

Design/methodology/approach

This study computes the cumulative abnormal returns (CAR) around COVID-19 events using adjusted daily stock returns of all stocks in the S&P 500 index between January 2, 2020 and December 31, 2020. This study also sorts all stocks by beta into quintiles and measures the CAR [0, +3] for each quintile around each event date.

Findings

This study finds that low beta portfolios exhibit greater abnormal returns (in absolute value) than high beta portfolios during down markets while high beta portfolios exhibit greater abnormal returns (in absolute values) when the market starts to recover. However, this study finds that beta does not seem to explain the abnormal returns reported in various industries during times of negative sentiment. During times of positive sentiment, both the beta effect and industry effect are present.

Originality/value

Extant literature almost unanimously concurs that the COVID-19 pandemic has brought about negative stock reactions to financial markets across the globe. Nevertheless, three interrelated issues have not been explored: market reactions during the subsequent recovery, industry heterogeneity and individual stocks’ risk profile. The study addresses these matters.
Seasonal progression and differences in major floral resource use by bees and hoverflies in a diverse horticultural and agricultural landscape revealed by DNA metabarcoding
Authors: Lowe Abigail , Jones Laura , Brennan Georgina , Creer Simon , de Vere Natasha
Published: February 2022

Gardens are important habitats for pollinators, providing floral resources and nesting sites. There are high levels of public support for growing ‘pollinator‐friendly’ plants but while plant recommendation lists are available, they are usually inconsistent, poorly supported by scientific research and target a narrow group of pollinators. In order to supply the most appropriate resources, there is a clear need to understand foraging preferences, for a range of pollinators, across the season within horticultural landscapes.

Using an innovative DNA metabarcoding approach, we investigated foraging preferences of four groups of pollinators in a large and diverse, horticultural and agricultural landscape, across the flowering season and over 2 years, significantly improving on the spatial and temporal scale that can be achieved using observational studies.

Bumblebees, honeybees, non‐corbiculate bees and hoverflies visited 191 plant taxa. Overall floral resources were shared between the different types of pollinators, but significant differences were seen between the plants used most abundantly by bees (Hymenoptera) and hoverflies (Diptera).

Floral resource use by pollinators is strongly associated with seasonal changes in flowering plants, with pollinators relying on dominant plants found within each season, with preferences consistent across both years.

The plants identified were categorised according to their native status to investigate the value of native and non‐native plants. The majority of floral resources used were of native and near‐native origin, but the proportion of horticultural and naturalised plants increased during late summer and autumn.

Synthesis and applications. Plant recommendation lists for pollinators should distinguish between bees and hoverflies and provide evidence‐based floral recommendations throughout the year that include native as well as non‐native plants for use in the United Kingdom and Northern Europe. Specific management recommendations include reducing mowing to encourage plants such as dandelion Taraxacum officinale and buttercups Ranunculus spp., and reducing scrub management to encourage bramble Rubus fruticosus.
Soil conditions drive below‐ground trait space in temperate agricultural grasslands
Authors: Lachaise Tom , Bergmann Joana , Hölzel Norbert , Klaus Valentin H. , Kleinebecker Till , Rillig Matthias C. , van Kleunen Mark
Published: February 2022

Plant below‐ground organs perform essential functions, including water and nutrient uptake, anchorage, vegetative reproduction and recruitment of mutualistic soil microbiota. Recently, multivariate analyses showed that root traits of species can largely be linked to a ‘conservation’ and a ‘collaboration’ gradient. Here, we tested whether this species‐level bidimensional below‐ground trait space also exists at the community level in grasslands. Furthermore, we tested whether the position of grassland communities in below‐ground trait space relates to environmental variables.

For a total of 313 species, we collected data on eight below‐ground traits in greenhouse and common garden experiments and supplemented it with data on bud‐bank size and specific leaf area from databases. We calculated community weighted means (CWMs) of these 10 traits for 150 temperate grassland plots to investigate below‐ground plant‐trait dimensionality and its variation along 10 soil and land‐use parameters.

Using PCA, we found that about 55% of variance in CWMs was explained by two main dimensions, corresponding to a mycorrhizal ‘collaboration’ and a resource ‘conservation’ gradient. Frequently overlooked traits such as rooting depth, bud‐bank size and root‐branching intensity were largely integrated in this trait space. The two plant‐strategy gradients were partially dependent on each other, with communities that do ‘outsourcing’ of resource uptake to mycorrhizal fungi along the collaboration gradient also being more ‘slow’ along the conservation gradient. (i.e. high root tissue density and high root weight ratio). ‘Outsourcing’ communities were also more often deep rooting and associated with soil parameters, such as low moisture and sand content, high topsoil pH, high C:N and low δ15N. ‘Slow’ communities had large bud banks and were associated with low land‐use intensity, high topsoil pH and low nitrate but high ammonium concentration in the soil. Surprisingly, we did not find an association of phosphorus availability with the mycorrhizal ‘collaboration’ gradient.

Synthesis. The ‘collaboration’ and ‘conservation’ gradients previously identified among species scale up to the community level in grasslands, encompass more traits than previously described, and vary with the environment.
Effects of pulsed light on germination and gamma‐aminobutyric acid synthesis in brown rice
Authors: Zhang Liangchen , Du Linchun , Shi Taiyuan , Xie Mengxi , Liu Xiaojing , Yu Miao
Published: February 2022

This study observed the effects of pulsed light (PL) on the germination and gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) production of brown rice and analyzed the correlations among glutamic acid (Glu) content, glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) activity, and GABA content in germinating brown rice. Both germination and GABA content were increased by exposure to PL, and this effect was evident when brown rice was exposed to PL immediately after being soaked. The PL group had significantly higher Glu and GABA content than the control check (CK) group which was unexposed to PL during the germination of brown rice. Glu content peaked at 18 h and GABA peaked at 24h in the PL group, which were 12 h and 6 h earlier than the CK group, respectively. GAD activity of the PL group peaked 12 h after germination, 6 h earlier than the CK group. PL exposure also increased the free amino acid content in the earliest stage of brown‐rice germination. During brown‐rice germination, the production of GABA is regulated by GAD activity and is significantly positively correlated with Glu content. PL treatment had a significant effect on GAD activity and Glu content during the germination process of brown rice and helped to increase its GABA content.

Practical Application

This study has shown that pulsed light exposure is an efficient and stable processing method for producing brown rice with high GABA. This will provide a new direction for developing novel germination grain foods.
The influence of fear of isolation on contact experience disclosure: Evidence from safety management of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Lu Hongxu , Duan Jinyun , Wu Ting , Zhou Bei , Xu Changyuan
Published: February 2022

As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), continues to rage, disclosure of exposure to the virus is of great significance to safety management, especially considering the long latency of the disease. We conducted a survey based on terror management theory of 2,542 people in 71 cities, representing all provinces in mainland China. The results revealed that fear of being isolated influenced disclosure of exposure to the virus and that this influence was mediated by defensive impression management motivation. An inclusive climate buffered both the direct and the indirect effects of fear of isolation on disclosure behaviour via defensive impression management motivation. The implications of these findings for research and safety management during the COVID‐19 pandemic are discussed.
How contextual and individual characteristics influence psychological needs satisfaction: The critical roles of political skill and political will
Authors: Ejaz Aqsa , Maher Liam P. , Lacaze Delphine , Quratulain Samina , Ferris Gerald R.
Published: February 2022

This two‐study research package investigates the interactive effects of perceptions of organizational politics, political skill, and political will on psychological need satisfaction, which has been shown to predict a number of different important organizational outcomes. Drawing primarily on social/political influence and self‐determination theories, we propose that although perceptions of organizational politics (i.e., as an important situational or contextual variable) can demonstrate need‐thwarting effects for some, its effects can be need‐satisfying for those individuals with high levels of political skill and political will. In Study 1, we analyze a sample of 142 individuals to demonstrate that possessing political skill attenuates the negative effects of perceptions of organizational politics on psychological need satisfaction. In Study 2, we analyze a sample of 420 individuals to demonstrate that respondents with high levels of both political skill and political will experience their highest levels of need satisfaction in highly political environments. Theoretical contributions, limitations and future research directions, and practical implications are discussed.
“We'll starve to death”: The consequences of COVID‐19 over the lives of poor people with disabilities in rural Nepal
Authors: Sarker Debashis , Shrestha Sanjana , Tamang Santosh Kumar Baidhya
Published: February 2022

There is no doubt that the sudden outbreak of COVID‐19 negatively impacted billions of people worldwide, and among them, people with disabilities became most susceptible. However, little is known about the impact of COVID‐19 on the lives of people with disabilities in Nepal. Using empirical data from semi‐structured in‐depth interviews with people with disabilities, disability specialist, and community leaders, this study discusses the lived experiences of people with disabilities who have been affected by COVID‐19 in Nepal. This study revealed that the outbreak of COVID‐19 impacted people with disabilities by worsening their vulnerability. In particular, the majority of people with disabilities became further isolated, were disconnected from existing services such as access to information, education, and health care and many lost their income opportunities. Findings from this study further show that this pandemic affected the rights of people with disabilities guided by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD). Immediate financial and non‐financial support for people with disabilities from government and other stakeholders, such as non‐governmental organizations (NGOs), is needed, indicating the need for policymakers to reassess policies to ensure that they adequately protect the rights of people with disabilities.
Major disparities in patient‐reported adherence compared to objective assessment of adherence using mass spectrometry: A prospective study in a tertiary‐referral hypertension clinic
Authors: Curneen James M. G. , Rabbitt Louise , Browne Darragh , O'Donoghue Darragh F. , Alansari Yousef , Harhen Brendan , Ní Ghríofa Ailbhe , Ferguson John , McEvoy John William , Lappin David , Finn David P. , O'Shea Paula M. , Dennedy Michael Conall
Published: February 2022

Aim

Many challenges exist in determining true rates of adherence to antihypertensive medications among individuals in a clinic setting. For the first time, we aimed to compare patient‐reported antihypertensive adherence with objective evidence using mass spectrometry spot urinalysis in a tertiary referral clinic setting.

Methods

A prospective observational single‐centre cohort study was performed in a tertiary referral hypertension clinic, encompassing antihypertensive initiation and persistence. Patients were referred with apparent treatment‐resistant hypertension or for suspected secondary causes. Participants completed a self‐reported assessment of antihypertensive adherence and provided a spot urine sample. The presence of antihypertensive medications and/or their respective metabolites was evaluated using high‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Patients were determined to be adherent if they demonstrated both self‐reported adherence and objective mass spectrometry evidence.

Results

Of all 105 eligible participants initially recruited, 73 (69.5%) met the eligibility criteria. Only 27.4% (95% confidence interval 0.2‐0.4) of participants demonstrated true adherence to their self‐reported antihypertensives, despite 75.3% (0.6‐0.8) reporting adherence. Greatest medication adherence was achieved with angiotensin II receptor blockers (61%), with calcium‐channel blockers and mineralocorticoid antagonists demonstrating least adherence (38%).

Conclusion

In patients attending a tertiary hypertension clinic, the combined use of spot urine mass spectrometry and self‐reporting identifies higher rates of nonadherence when compared to either modality alone. Both techniques should be combined for more accurate detection of medication adherence.
Parsaclisib in Japanese patients with relapsed or refractory B‐cell lymphoma (CITADEL‐111): A phase Ib study
Authors: Fukuhara Noriko , Suehiro Youko , Kato Harumi , Kusumoto Shigeru , Coronado Cinthya , Rappold Erica , Zhao Wanying , Li Jia , Gilmartin Aidan , Izutsu Koji
Published: February 2022

Parsaclisib, a potent, selective, next‐generation PI3Kδ inhibitor, has shown clinical benefit in patients with relapsed or refractory B‐cell lymphoma. We undertook a phase Ib study (CITADEL‐111) evaluating safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of parsaclisib in Japanese patients with relapsed or refractory B‐cell malignancies. Patients received oral parsaclisib daily for 8 weeks then once weekly (10‐mg dose, n = 3; 20‐mg dose, n = 14). Pharmacokinetic samples were collected on days 1, 8, and 15, and efficacy was monitored according to Lugano criteria. At data cut‐off (August 14, 2020), 6 patients (35.3%) remained on study treatment and 11 (64.7%) discontinued due to progressive disease (9 [52.9%]) or adverse events (2 [11.8%]). Median duration of treatment was 8.3 (range, 0.3–24.4) months. The most commonly reported nonhematologic adverse events were constipation (6 [35.3%]), nausea, and pyrexia (each 4 [23.5%]). Five patients (29.4%) experienced treatment‐emergent new or worsening decreased neutrophils to grade 3 or 4. No treatment‐emergent worsening in aminotransferase elevations to grade 3 or 4 were observed. Ten patients (58.8%) required dose interruption and 5 (29.4%) dose reduction. Body weight–normalized parsaclisib exposure was comparable between Japanese and Western patients. Objective response rate was 100% in follicular lymphoma (9 of 9 patients, including complete response in 2 patients [22.2%]) and marginal zone lymphoma (2 of 2 patients), and 16.7% in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (1 of 6 patients). Results observed in Japanese patients with relapsed or refractory follicular or marginal zone lymphoma support further clinical development of parsaclisib in these patient populations.
Toward a Theory of Interpretation in Dewey's Educational Philosophy
Authors: Nikolaidis A. C.
Published: February 2022

John Dewey's lifelong quest for a worthy education was characterized by a fervor for collapsing false dualisms. One such dualism — that between traditional and progressive education — led him to embrace a vision of the teacher as interpreter and guide of the student. Notwithstanding Dewey's emphasis on the salient role of interpretation, there are no comprehensive accounts that explain how Dewey envisioned this very interpretive task that teachers are expected to undertake. In response to this lack, A. C. Nikolaidis draws from the corpus of Dewey's work to reconstruct a Deweyan “theory of interpretation.” This theory brings together hermeneutic elements in Dewey's work — akin to those of Hans‐Georg Gadamer — and his commitment to scientific experimentalism. In doing so, it presents a new perspective on the way we think of Dewey's relation to Continental philosophy, extending similar contemporary scholarship such as Paul Fairfield's. Moreover, it provides important insights on Dewey's pedagogy as this relates to classroom practices, curriculum development, and more.
Global biogeographic patterns of avian morphological diversity
Authors: Hughes Emma C. , Edwards David P. , Bright Jen A. , Capp Elliot J.R. , Cooney Christopher R. , Varley Zoë K. , Thomas Gavin H.
Published: February 2022

Understanding the biogeographical patterns, and evolutionary and environmental drivers, underpinning morphological diversity are key for determining its origins and conservation. Using a comprehensive set of continuous morphological traits extracted from museum collections of 8353 bird species, including geometric morphometric beak shape data, we find that avian morphological diversity is unevenly distributed globally, even after controlling for species richness, with exceptionally dense packing of species in hyper‐diverse tropical hotspots. At the regional level, these areas also have high morphological variance, with species exhibiting high phenotypic diversity. Evolutionary history likely plays a key role in shaping these patterns, with evolutionarily old species contributing to niche expansion, and young species contributing to niche packing. Taken together, these results imply that the tropics are both ‘cradles’ and ‘museums’ of phenotypic diversity.
Flight hampers the evolution of weapons in birds
Authors: Menezes João C. T. , Palaoro Alexandre V.
Published: February 2022

Birds are a remarkable example of how sexual selection can produce diverse ornaments and behaviours. Specialised fighting structures like deer's antlers, in contrast, are mostly absent among birds. Here, we investigated if the birds’ costly mode of locomotion—powered flight—helps explain the scarcity of weapons among members of this clade. Our simulations of flight energetics predicted that the cost of bony spurs—a specialised avian weapon—should increase with time spent flying. Bayesian phylogenetic comparative analyses using a global spur dataset corroborated this prediction. First, extant species with flight‐efficient wings (which presumably fly more frequently) tend to have fewer or no bony spurs. Second, this association likely arose because flying more leads to more frequent evolutionary loss of spurs. Together, these findings suggest that, much like pneumatic bones, absence of weaponry may be another feature of the avian body plan that allows birds to efficiently explore the aerial habitat.
Predicting Mohs surgery complexity by applying machine learning to patient demographics and tumor characteristics
Authors: Shoham Gon , Berl Ariel , Shir‐az Ofir , Shabo Sharon , Shalom Avshalom
Published: February 2022

Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is considered the gold standard for difficult‐to‐treat malignant skin tumors, whose incidence is on the rise. Currently, there are no agreed upon classifiers to predict complex MMS procedures. Such classifiers could enable better patient scheduling, reduce staff burnout and improve patient education. Our goal was to create an accessible and interpretable classifier(s) that would predict complex MMS procedures. A retrospective study applying machine learning models to a dataset of 8644 MMS procedures to predict complex wound reconstruction and number of MMS procedure stages. Each procedure record contained preoperative data on patient demographics, estimated clinical tumor size prior to surgery (mean diameter), tumor characteristics and tumor location, and postoperative procedure outcomes included the wound reconstruction technique and the number of MMS stages performed in order to achieve tumor‐free margins. For the number of stages complexity classification model, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was 0.79 (good performance), with model accuracy of 77%, sensitivity of 71%, specificity of 77%, positive prediction value (PPV) of 14% and negative prediction value (NPV) of 98%. The results for the wound reconstruction complexity classification model were 0.84 for the AUROC (excellent performance), with model accuracy of 75%, sensitivity of 72%, specificity of 76%, PPV of 39% and NPV of 93%. The ML models we created predict the complexity of the components that comprise the MMS procedure. Using the accessible and interpretable tool we provide online, clinicians can improve the management and well‐being of their patients. Study limitation is that models are based on data generated from a single surgeon.
Multi‐decadal environmental change in the Barents Sea recorded by seal teeth
Authors: de la Vega Camille , Buchanan Pearse J. , Tagliabue Alessandro , Hopkins Joanne E. , Jeffreys Rachel M. , Frie Anne Kirstine , Biuw Martin , Kershaw Joanna , Grecian James , Norman Louisa , Smout Sophie , Haug Tore , Mahaffey Claire
Published: February 2022

Multiple environmental forcings, such as warming and changes in ocean circulation and nutrient supply, are affecting the base of Arctic marine ecosystems, with cascading effects on the entire food web through bottom‐up control. Stable nitrogen isotopes (δ15N) can be used to detect and unravel the impact of these forcings on this unique ecosystem, if the many processes that affect the δ15N values are constrained. Combining unique 60‐year records from compound specific δ15N biomarkers on harp seal teeth alongside state‐of‐the‐art ocean modelling, we observed a significant decline in the δ15N values at the base of the Barents Sea food web from 1951 to 2012. This strong and persistent decadal trend emerges due to the combination of anthropogenic atmospheric nitrogen deposition in the Atlantic, increased northward transport of Atlantic water through Arctic gateways and local feedbacks from increasing Arctic primary production. Our results suggest that the Arctic ecosystem has been responding to anthropogenically induced local and remote drivers, linked to changing ocean biology, chemistry and physics, for at least 60 years. Accounting for these trends in δ15N values at the base of the food web is essential to accurately detect ecosystem restructuring in this rapidly changing environment.