bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Future of the Healthcare Workforce in the Age of Automation
Authors: Singh Varinderjeet , Singh Gurinderpal , Sharma Gajendra
Published: December 2024

Healthcare professions face shifts in job roles, requiring reskilling in data literacy and robotics. Financially, organizations must navigate the costs of technology adoption and workforce training while balancing automation with human labor to preserve empathy in patient care. Legal, ethical, and sociocultural impacts also arise, from liability ambiguities to potential algorithmic biases and reduced human contact. This chapter explores these multifaceted dynamics, advocating for a balanced approach where automation augments, rather than replaces, human judgment and underscores the need for regulatory frameworks that ensure fairness, accountability, and the preservation of quality care. By harmonizing technological progress with human-centered values, the healthcare sector can responsibly advance in the automated age.
Transforming Global Health Outcomes Through Smart Technology and the SGD Framework
Authors: Barbudhe Vishwajit K. , Zanjat Shraddha N. , Karmore Bhavana S.
Published: December 2024

The fastest-ever technological advancements have presented the most incredible opportunity to alter global health, a development that aligns well with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) agenda. We showed how intelligent technologies can directly impact healthcare systems, resulting in advancements relevant to achieving SDG 3 (Good et al.) The third and last of these four goals is to examine the relationships and interconnections between SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), SDG 9 (Industry et al.), and SDG 11 (Sustainable). The conversation is purposefully moving toward an eco-systemic architecture that achieves the objective via succession. The report offers a comprehensive view of disruptive technologies, particularly about the global health ecosystem, covering everything from genomics and data-driven diagnostics for personalized medicine to remote patient monitoring (RPM) and the effectiveness of healthcare system management.
Cross-sectional Study on Functional Outcomes and Quality of Life in Saudi Arabian Patients with Strokes
Authors: Aleid Ahmed Fadeil , Alqarni Rimas Abdulrahman , Alward Khalid Aboud B. , Al-Shahrani Nada Mutq , Alsayari Noura Abdulaziz , Shuiel Hadeel Khalid Bin , Saddiq Bushra Wadi Bin , Alhodibi Mostafa Habeeb
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Stroke, a leading cause of mortality and disability globally, significantly impacts quality of life (QOL) through various impairments. In Saudi Arabia, stroke incidence necessitates detailed research to inform public health strategies. This study aims to assess post-stroke patients’ QOL using a customised questionnaire addressing culturally relevant aspects, hypothesising that demographic factors and healthcare access significantly influence outcomes.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study, conducted from January to September 2023, included 1530 Saudi Arabian stroke patients, ensuring diverse demographic representation. Data were collected through structured questionnaires, including health-related QOL and stroke-specific QOL scales, focusing on functional outcomes and QOL. Statistical analysis utilised SPSS version 28.0, employing descriptive and inferential methods, with a significance level set at <0.001.

Results:

Participants were predominantly aged 18–24 (26.8%) and 45–64 (26.8%), with a mean age of 36.23 years (standard deviation [SD] ≈14.83). Gender distribution was 44.4% female and 55.6% male. A significant proportion held a bachelor’s degree (45.8%), and the majority resided in urban areas (73.2%). Moderate satisfaction with the rehabilitation programme was reported (mean = 3.07, SD = 1.010), with improvements in motor skills (mean = 3.22, SD = 0.855) and daily activities (mean = 3.16, SD = 0.889). A strong positive correlation between functional improvement and QOL was observed (r = 0.722, P < 0.001). Financial and logistical challenges were noted, with 60.1% of participants experiencing financial difficulties.

Conclusions:

The study highlights the positive impacts of rehabilitation programmes on functional abilities and QOL amongst Saudi Arabian stroke patients, despite financial and logistical challenges. These findings emphasise the need for accessible and cost-effective rehabilitation services, tailored to the unique needs of this population, to enhance long-term well-being and independence.
Tear Film Lipid Layer Thickness and Its Impact on Dry Eye Severity in Saudi Arabian Glaucoma Patients: A Cross-sectional Analysis
Authors: Almutairi Jawza Ali , Alasbool Jumana Radhi , Alzahrani Sultan , Alhawsawi Kawther Ibrahim , Aljohani Jomanah Khalid , Albalawi Ghadeer Abdullah I. , Alhodibi Mostafa
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

The intersection of glaucoma and dry eye disease forms a significant area of concern in ophthalmology, given their prevalence and the profound impact they have on patients’ quality of life. This study delves into an intricate aspect of this intersection by exploring the correlation between tear film lipid layer thickness (TFLLT) and the severity of dry eye symptoms among Saudi Arabian patients with glaucoma. Anchoring its relevance in the broader context of ocular health, the research hypothesises that this correlation is influenced by various factors such as age, gender and the stage of glaucoma, aiming to enhance our understanding and inform more effective treatment strategies for these conditions.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, a structured questionnaire was distributed to glaucoma patients across different healthcare centres in Saudi Arabia between July and October 2023. The questionnaire was meticulously designed to gather comprehensive data on various aspects, including the severity of dry eye symptoms, the stage of glaucoma and the usage of contact lenses among the participants. This approach was chosen to obtain a clear picture of the relationship between TFLLT and dry eye severity in this specific patient group.

Results:

The study, encompassing a sample of 2010 participants, revealed noteworthy findings. One of the most significant outcomes was the established association between the usage of contact lenses and the severity of dry eye symptoms. The data indicated that those participants who wore contact lenses, either on a daily basis or occasionally, were more likely to report moderate to severe symptoms of dry eye, providing valuable insights into the factors exacerbating this condition among glaucoma patients.

Conclusion:

This research sheds light on the critical relationship between TFLLT and dry eye severity in patients with glaucoma. The findings underscore the importance of careful management of dry eye symptoms, especially in those who use contact lenses. The study not only contributes to our understanding of the pathophysiology of these ocular conditions but also opens avenues for future research and clinical interventions, aiming to improve the quality of life for patients suffering from these coexisting conditions.
Cross-sectional Assessment of the Effectiveness of Multidisciplinary Care for Parkinson’s Disease Patients in Saudi Arabian Primary Care Settings
Authors: Almasaad Norah Abdullah , Aldoghmani Rakan Ali , Alhassun Joud Abdulhamid , Alharbi Khalid Abdulrahim , Alkhadidi Shomoq Jarallah , Alkinani Ashraf Ali , Aloqaili Abdulmajeed Ali , Alhodibi Mostafa Habeeb
Published: December 2024

Background:

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder affecting millions globally. PD’s complexity poses challenges for healthcare providers. Given the multifaceted nature of PD, no single healthcare expert can holistically address the diverse symptoms and offer all therapeutic alternatives. This calls for a multidisciplinary approach to manage PD in addition to the unique symptoms each patient presents. Our study focuses on examining the impact of such multidisciplinary care practices in Saudi Arabian. We aim to understand its implementation, effectiveness and associated factors, with a vision to advance PD management and improve patient outcomes.

Materials and Methods:

We conducted a cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabian primary health care settings. Our population included PD patients. For data collection, we employed validated tools such as the PD Questionnaire, treatment adherence scales and healthcare utilization records.

Results:

Of the 946 participants, a significant portion (80.1%) received multidisciplinary care. Importantly, 46.3% expressed satisfaction with this care model. In addition, 44.4% believed that their multidisciplinary care team adequately tackled treatment adherence barriers. A direct correlation emerged between treatment adherence and satisfaction with multidisciplinary care.

Conclusion:

Our investigation into the effects of multidisciplinary care on PD management in Saudi Arabian primary care environments yielded insightful outcomes. Participants demonstrated a significant appreciation for multidisciplinary care, correlating it with an enriched quality of life. Our findings accentuate the necessity for persistent endeavours in fostering such all-encompassing care paradigms.
Gait Stability as a Predictor of Fall Risk in Knee Osteoarthritis: Insights from a Saudi Arabian Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Aljaffar Abdullah Bader , Alsanad Faisal Abdullah , Alsuwat Khalid Jameel , AlAngari Saad Mohammed , Alfaraj Ahmed Baqer , Alaidarous Hasan
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

In the context of global health, knee osteoarthritis (OA) stands as a significant contributor to mobility impairments and quality of life deterioration. Particularly in Saudi Arabia, the incidence of knee OA is not only prevalent but also on the rise, posing major public health challenges. Previous studies have highlighted various aspects of OA, yet the specific relationship between gait stability parameters and the risk of falls in OA patients remains underexplored. This study aims to fill this gap by providing a comprehensive analysis of gait stability as a potential indicator of fall risk amongst Saudi Arabian patients with knee OA. It seeks to contribute to the existing literature by offering new insights into how OA affects mobility and balance, positioning its findings within the broader scope of knee OA management.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted in Saudi Arabia from July to October 2023. It involved 2304 patients diagnosed with knee OA from orthopaedic clinics across various hospitals and health care centres, primarily in the western and eastern regions of the country. The focus was on evaluating the relationship between gait stability parameters and the risk of falls. The methodologies included assessments of walking pace, balance and frequency of falls, alongside a detailed analysis of patient demographics.

Results:

The participant pool predominantly consisted of females (79.9%), primarily aged between 18 and 24 years (35.4%). A significant proportion (40.3%) reported knee pain related to OA. Notably, 27.8% of participants had experienced falls in the past year. Over half (52.8%) described their walking pace as moderate, whereas 67.4% occasionally experienced unsteadiness or balance loss. Crucially, a positive correlation was found between central nervous system involvement and increased fall risk.

Conclusion:

Knee OA’s impact extends beyond joint pain and stiffness; it crucially affects gait stability, thereby influencing fall risk. This study highlights gait instability as a key factor in fall susceptibility amongst Saudi Arabian knee OA patients. The findings underscore the potential of using gait stability parameters as predictive markers for fall risk, suggesting implications for clinical practices and rehabilitation strategies in Saudi Arabia. It is anticipated that these insights will enhance the overall management and quality of life for patients with knee OA.
Evaluating the Efficacy of Melatonin in Managing Sleep Disorders amongst Adults in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Aleid Abbas Fadeil , Almunahi Lina Khalid S. , Bawahab Rinad Abdulwahab , Samaren Moaied Mohammed , Dhafar Obay Wail , Alaqidi Hanadi Saad , Alhodibi Mostafa Habeeb
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Sleep disorders, impacting a substantial portion of the global adult population, pose significant public health challenges. In the field of sleep medicine, the hormone melatonin, known for its regulatory role in sleep and circadian rhythms, has garnered increasing interest. This study situates itself within the existing literature, notably drawing on the foundational work of Fatemeh et al. and Ferracioli-Oda et al., to explore the effectiveness of melatonin in treating sleep disorders amongst adults in Saudi Arabia. The aim is to bridge the gap in understanding how melatonin’s efficacy may vary in different cultural and geographic contexts, particularly in the Middle Eastern region.

Methods:

Employing a cross-sectional study design, this research focussed on adult participants between the ages of 18 and 65 years residing in Saudi Arabia, specifically targeting those with diagnosed sleep disorders. The methodology involved administering structured questionnaires and conducting comprehensive interviews to collect the data on sleep patterns, melatonin usage, dosage, frequency and associated health outcomes. Advanced statistical techniques, including regression analysis, were utilised to analyse the data, ensuring adherence to global health standards like WHO criteria for defining and measuring sleep disorders.

Results:

The study engaged a diverse cohort of 1835 participants, encompassing a wide demographic spectrum in Saudi Arabia. The results demonstrated a clear improvement in sleep quality amongst participants using melatonin, with significant reductions in the time taken to fall asleep and reported severity of sleep disorder symptoms. The data indicated a variable pattern in the prevalence and intensity of sleep disorders across different age groups and genders, highlighting the complex interplay of cultural, environmental and individual factors in sleep health.

Conclusion:

This study’s findings underscore the significant role of melatonin in improving sleep quality amongst Saudi Arabian adults. By providing empirical evidence of melatonin’s effectiveness in a specific cultural setting, the study adds a crucial dimension to the global understanding of sleep disorder management. These results advocate for the incorporation of melatonin in treatment regimens for sleep disorders, potentially influencing clinical practices in Saudi Arabia and beyond. Moreover, the study highlights the importance of considering cultural nuances in public health strategies and paves the way for further research into the long-term effects and broader applications of melatonin in diverse populations.
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome amongst Saudi Arabian Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Alkathem Jafar Ali , Alawwad Htoon Abdulltif , Alghamdi Tafe Safar , Majrashy Alya Ebrahim Hady , Algarni Shahad Ayed , Aljabari Latifah Abdulwahab , Al-Alwan Mohammed Khalid , Ahmed Rufaida A.
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder amongst the women of reproductive age. Metabolic syndrome represents a cluster of abdominal obesity, dyslipidaemia, hypertension and insulin resistance that increases cardiovascular risks. Evidence suggests a link between PCOS and metabolic syndrome; however, limited data exist on their coexistence amongst Saudi Arabian women. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome amongst Saudi women with PCOS.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study recruited 1452 Saudi women diagnosed with PCOS from various clinics. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire assessing demographics, PCOS/metabolic syndrome diagnoses, symptoms, management and awareness. Descriptive statistics characterised the sample. The Chi-square tests examined the associations between PCOS and metabolic parameters.

Results:

The sample comprised 1452 women aged 18–64 years old. 54.5% had PCOS diagnosis while 1.7% had metabolic syndrome. Thirty-eight per cent reported no metabolic symptoms. A significant association was found between PCOS and metabolic syndrome diagnoses (P < 0.001). Regarding metabolic parameters, 24.8% underwent insulin resistance tests, 0.8% had dyslipidaemia diagnosis and 34.7% measured waist circumference. Sixty-two per cent observed no insulin resistance changes and 68.6% no lipid changes. 28.1% agreed on the relationship between metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and central obesity. 41.3% had some awareness on metabolic consequences.

Conclusion:

The study identified notable metabolic syndrome prevalence amongst Saudi women with PCOS, denoting their clinical interconnection. Metabolic syndrome exhibited associations with insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and central obesity. Lifestyle modifications were commonly adopted for management despite relatively low awareness levels.
Evaluation of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity using cardiac biomarkers: A prospective study
Authors: Prasad Krishna , Yadav Budhi Singh , Zohmangaihi Deepy , Ballari Nagarjun , Mehrotra Saurabh
Published: December 2024

Background:

Though anthracyclines are the commonly used chemotherapeutics for cancer treatment, close monitoring of patients is required due to its well reported cardiotoxicity. The present study evaluates the role of biomarkers [N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and high sensitivity cardiac troponin-T (hs-cTnT)] in early prediction of cardiotoxicity in patients with breast and ovarian cancer who received anthracyclines.

Methods:

This was a single-center observational study conducted between August-2018 and January-2020. Doxorubicin was used as an anthracycline at a dose of 50 mg/m2 per cycle. All the patients underwent echocardiography before the start and at 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after chemotherapy. NT-proBNP and hs-cTnT levels were measured before as baseline and within 24 hours of the first and last cycle of anthracycline-based chemotherapy.

Results:

A total of 72 patients with breast and ovarian cancer participated in the study. The mean age of patients was 49.4 ± 10.3 years. Sixty six (91.7%) patients had breast cancer and 9 (12.5%) patients developed cardiotoxicity. Mean age of the patients who developed cardiotoxicity was 55.00 ± 12.5 years. The level of NT-proBNP and hs-cTnT were significantly increased after the last cycle of anthracycline in patients who developed cardiotoxicity.

Conclusion:

The measurement of NT-proBNP and hs-cTnT levels after anthracycline administration helps detect early sub-clinical cardiotoxicity and thus can assist in modification of therapeutic regimens and initiation of heart failure therapy to prevent future cardiac events.
Importance of nutrition in the management of Psoriasis vulgaris: An observation
Authors: Mishra Angkita , Mandal Sisir Kumar , Goswami Pradip Kumar
Published: December 2024

Psoriasis vulgaris (ICD 10 code: L40.0) is a prevalent auto-inflammatory cutaneous disease affecting around 1%–2% of the world population. Chronicity of the disease and long-term use of biological agents resulting in a high rate of adverse effects, expenses, and subsequent withdrawals are turning patients toward diet for management. A 16-year-old female having generalized erythematous plaques with scaling and itching on limbs and back for the past five years visited the outpatient department and was diagnosed with Psoriasis vulgaris. She was advised to a customized diet formulated considering the Pathya (~wholesome) and Apathya (~unwholesome) mentioned in classical texts for seven weeks without using any drugs. The Psoriasis Area Severity Index score before and after the dietary intervention was calculated and a decrease from 11 to 0.4 has been observed. Scaling, itching, erythema, Koebner’s phenomenon, Auspitz sign, and Candle grease signs also considerably subsided with no signs of relapse during this 7-week period, inferring that customized diet alone can manage psoriasis that is cost-effective too.
Ayurvedic management of hemifacial spasm
Authors: Bhatted Santosh Kumar , Shende Harshali Arun
Published: December 2024

Hemifacial Spasm (HFS) is characterized by unilateral intermittent twitching of facial muscles. In Ayurveda, it may be considered one of the presentations of Ardita based on its clinical signs and symptoms. The study aimed to determine the efficacy of the Ayurvedic regimen in HFSs. Here is the case of a 51-year-old male patient with a two-year history of twitching of the eye, and involuntary contractions of his right facial expression muscles, involving both the upper and lower face on the right side. The condition was diagnosed as HFS and successfully managed with oral Ayurveda medicines, facial oil massage, fomentation, and medication through the nasal route (~Nasya). The duration for involuntary contractions of right facial expression muscles was significantly decreased in about four months. Based on the observations, it can be concluded that Ayurveda treatment can provide better results in cases like hemifacial spasms.
In vitro analysis of compressive strength of root dentin on application of intracanal medicaments for different time periods
Authors: Ghosh Kushal Kumar , Mukherjee Sayantan , Mazumdar Paromita , Ali Sahil , Das Lovely
Published: December 2024

Background:

Extended application of intracanal medicaments such as calcium hydroxide (CH) and triple antibiotic paste (TAP) is documented to reduce dentin’s resistance to fracture.

Aim:

This study intended to evaluate the resistance to fracture of root dentin treated with different medicaments – CH, TAP, CH with chlorhexidine (CHX) and lycopene (LP), and chitosan acetate (CA) – over 7, 14, and 42 days.

Materials and Methods:

Seventy-five single-rooted human mandibular premolars were biomechanically prepared and categorized into five groups based on the medicament used, with further subdivision based on application duration. Fracture resistance was tested after each time interval.

Statistical Analysis:

Within-group comparisons were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), while inter-group comparisons used a one-way ANOVA test at a 5% significance level.

Results:

At 7 days, no statistically notable differences were found among the groups. However, by day 14 and day 42, the groups treated with CH and TAP exhibited significantly reduced fracture resistance compared to the other groups.

Conclusion:

Combining LP with CH and CHX, or using CA, did not reduce radicular dentin fracture resistance, unlike TAP and CH. These findings suggest LP and CA as viable alternatives, potentially minimizing the adverse effects of traditional treatments.
Dynamic navigation in endodontics: A comprehensive literature review
Authors: Hegde Vivek , Mandke Lalita , Memon Khatija , Ansari Musharraf , Srilatha S. , Mujawar Asiya
Published: December 2024

Dynamic navigation has emerged as an innovative technology in endodontics, offering enhanced precision and efficiency compared to traditional and static navigation techniques. By integrating real-time imaging and computer-guided navigation, dynamic navigation systems (DNSs) are transforming the way endodontic procedures are performed. DNSs have demonstrated superior accuracy and efficiency in endodontic treatments, leading to improved procedural outcomes and patient satisfaction. These systems facilitate minimally invasive procedures, reduce treatment time, and enhance the overall precision of root canal treatments, apical surgeries, and retreatment cases. However, challenges such as cost, accessibility, and the learning curve for practitioners remain. Dynamic navigation represents a significant advancement in endodontics, with the potential to revolutionize clinical practice. As technology continues to evolve, further research and innovation are expected to address the current limitations and expand the applications of dynamic navigation in dental care. This review underscores the importance of adopting DNSs to improve the treatment outcomes and patient care in endodontics.
Comparison of double antibiotic chitosan hydrogel scaffold with platelet-rich fibrin in regeneration in immature necrotic permanent teeth – Randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mittal Neelam , Baranwal Harakh Chand , Aggarwal Harshitaa , Kharat Shubham , Samad Silviya , Ayubi Aiyman
Published: December 2024

Background:

Fibrin, a natural hydrogel, can act as scaffold for tissue regeneration. Antibiotic-loading of hydrogels can create an infection-free environment for stem cell proliferation and maturation.

Aim:

To compare regenerative endodontic potential of three groups (antibiotic-loaded hydrogel, chitosan-loaded hydrogel, and double antibiotic-loaded chitosan hydrogel) in immature necrotic permanent teeth with platelet rich fibrin (PRF).

Materials and Methods:

Fifty-six immature necrotic teeth with periapical lesions were included in simple randomized parallel-controlled superiority trial. Patients aged 10–35 years were assigned into four groups based on scaffolds used: Group 1 (PRF), Group 2 (double antibiotic-loaded [metronidazole and ciprofloxacin] chitosan hydrogel), Group 3 (double antibiotic-loaded hydrogel), and Group 4 (chitosan-loaded hydrogel). One patient per group was lost to follow-up. Regenerative outcomes (change in apex size, root length, radicular dentin thickness, and periapical healing) were assessed at 12 months, through double-blinding and compared postprocedure using cone-beam computed tomography.

Statistical Analysis:

Based on normality distribution, change in apex size (ANOVA test) while root length, radicular dentin thickness (Kruskal–Wallis test), and periapical healing (paired t-test) were used.

Results:

Group 2 showed superior regenerative outcomes (P = 0.001) compared to groups 1, 4 after 12 months, and no significant difference with Group 3.

Conclusion:

Double antibiotic-loaded chitosan produced significantly superior outcomes compared to PRF in promoting apexogenesis in immature permanent teeth with necrosed pulp.
Comparative evaluation of apical microleakage of mineral trioxide aggregate, Biodentine, and Bio-C Repair as root-end filling materials using dye extraction method: An in vitro study
Authors: Kunam Divya , Bode Yamuna , Narra Pavanila Meghana , Krishna C. H. N. V. Murali , Reddy Satti Narayana , Venkateshwarlu Modem
Published: December 2024

Context:

Root-end filling materials enhance the apical sealing ability of the root canal to avoid leakage of irritants and to prevent the reentering of microorganisms.

Aim:

The objective of the present study was to compare and evaluate apical microleakage in retrograde filling materials with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Biodentine, and Bio-C Repair using an ultraviolet (UV)–visible spectrophotometer.

Materials and Methods:

Fifty maxillary incisors were selected and decoronated. Instrumentation was done with ProTaper rotary files and obturated with AH Plus sealer and ProTaper gutta-percha cone using lateral condensation technique. The apical part of each root was resected at 90° to the long axis of the root for 3 mm, and retrograde cavity preparation was done up to 3 mm using an ultrasonic retro tip. After conditioning the root end with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, the teeth were divided into four groups. Group 1 = Positive Control (n = 5), Group 2 was filled with MTA (n = 15), Group 3 was filled with Biodentine (n = 15), and Group 4 was filled with Bio-C Repair (n = 15). All samples were incubated in 5 mL of 2% methylene blue dye for 72 h after which teeth were immersed in 65% nitric acid for 72 h. The solutions were then filtered using fine grit filter paper and centrifuged at 3500 rpm for 5 min. The solution thus collected was used to determine absorbency in UV–visible spectrophotometer at 550 nm.

Statistical Analysis:

The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc tests. P <0.05 was considered significant for all analyses.

Results:

The results showed that Biodentine had the least dye absorbance, which means less microleakage, and there was no significant difference between MTA and Bio-C Repair.

Conclusion:

Biodentine showed superior sealing ability as a retrograde filling material compared to Bio-C Repair and MTA.
The fracture resistance of restored mandibular molars using different cavity designs: An in vitro comparative evaluation
Authors: Mitra Aditya , Sharma Snigdha , Bhattacharyya Anirban , Maity Asim Bikash , Majumder Gayatri , Datta Soham
Published: December 2024

Background:

The stress distribution of a restored tooth is different from that of an intact sound tooth. The fracture resistance of a restored tooth depends on cavity design, remaining tooth structure, and material used.

Aim:

This in vitro study evaluated and compared the fracture resistance of mandibular molars restored using composite resin.

Materials and Methods:

Forty freshly extracted, intact mandibular molars were used, with their roots embedded in acrylic resin for stability. Cavities were prepared using a No. 2 round bur and straight fissure diamond, then divided into four groups with specific variations in cavity dimensions. Samples were tested using a universal testing machine, applying vertical load along the long axis at the central fossa to record fracture load.

Statistical Analysis:

One-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc analysis were used for statistical analysis.

Results:

Fracture resistance of the groups, listed in descending order, was: Lingual wall 1.5 mm (2417 ± 160 N) > Buccal wall 1.5 mm (2122 ± 75.9 N) > Lingual wall 1 mm (1966 ± 75.7 N) > Buccal wall 1 mm (1335 ± 216 N).

Conclusion:

The lingual wall 1.5 mm exhibited the highest fracture resistance, while the buccal wall with 1 mm thickness showed the least resistance.
Does Universal Health Coverage Include the Caregivers? A Mixed Method Study on Accessibility and Out-of-pocket Expenditure for Healthcare Services by Accredited Social Health Activists of North India
Authors: Singh Mitasha , Aparnavi Periasamy , Dagar Rakesh , Yadav Kriti , Vig Shankar Lal , Reddy Kallem Dheeraj
Published: December 2024

Background:

Despite the load of voluntary work done by Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs), they are not recognized and are not provided any health security measures. The current study aims to estimate the proportion of income spent on healthcare services by ASHA and her family in the past 6 months and to explore their access to healthcare services.

Methods:

A mixed-method study was done among ASHAs under one community health center in North India in 2022. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on the healthcare preferences and expenses of the ASHAs and their family. In the second phase, focused group discussions were conducted among the ASHAs in groups of 6–8 to collect data on their experiences with healthcare services. One of the co-investigators was the moderator, another was conducting audio recordings and taking notes.

Results:

Eighteen ASHAs were included in the study, and 38.8% of them had health insurance. For preventive services, they preferred community health centers (CHCs) (83.3%). Health expenses in the past 6 months were about 12.18% of their family income. The focused group discussion was based on themes including ASHAs’ expectations from the system they are working with, their healthcare-seeking behavior, and both of its effects on their performance in the implementation of the target-oriented program at the ground level.

Conclusion:

Being part of the health system, the community health worker is aware of the quality of services provided. Not preferring the public health system was reported due to disrespect in the system and unavailability of some curative services.
Multitude Symptoms in a Case of Giant Neurocysticercosis: A Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Singh Anurag , Verma Anuragani , Rawat Shalini , Sagar Mala
Published: December 2024

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a parasitic infection that affects the central nervous system and is caused by the larval stage of the pork tapeworm Taenia solium. There are two forms in the brain: parenchymal and extra-parenchymal, also known as racemose. The clinical manifestation of cysticercosis cysts is quite variable and varies significantly from one patient to another. Diagnosing NCC clinically is difficult; however, the introduction of advanced brain imaging techniques has improved the accuracy of diagnosis. The primary focus of this case study was to re-emphasize its multitude of manifestations and include a discussion of the diagnostic modalities and treatment options.
Asymmetric Herpes Zoster Duplex Bilateralis in an Immunocompetent Patient
Authors: Sharma Abhishek
Published: December 2024

Herpes zoster (HZ) is a common disorder of elderly patients presenting to primary care physicians and dermatologists. It is classically confined to a single dermatome but two or more contiguous dermatomes are often involved in immunocompromised patients and less frequently in immunocompetent patients. However, the simultaneous occurrence of HZ at two noncontiguous dermatomes is rare and is called HZ duplex (HZD). The dermatomes involved can be unilateral which is termed HZD unilateralis or bilateral which is termed HZD bilateralis (HZDB). These atypical manifestations are rarely reported in immunocompetent as well as immunosuppressed patients. We report a case of asymmetric HZDB in a 51-year-old immunocompetent patient, which is very rare.
Fusing Attention and Convolution: A Hybrid Model for Brain Stroke Prediction
Authors: Bhuvanya R. , Kujani T. , Sivakumar K.
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION: A stroke, a sudden interruption of blood flow to the brain, is a leading cause of disability and death. Early diagnosis is paramount for minimizing brain damage and maximizing treatment effectiveness.OBJECTIVES: Traditional diagnostic methods can be time-consuming and have limited Accuracy. METHODS: This study investigates the efficacy of various machine-learning models for stroke prediction. Specifically, it compares established models like K-Nearest Neighbor, Artificial Neural Network, Long Short Term Memory (LSTM), and stacked LSTM with a newly proposed Transformer Convolutional Neural Network (TCNN) architecture, which fuses Transformer and Convolutional neural network (CNN) models.RESULTS: The TCNN demonstrates significant promise, achieving a superior accuracy of 98% when optimized with the AMSGrad optimizer.CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the TCNN architecture has the potential to revolutionize stroke prediction accuracy compared to existing methods, potentially leading to improved patient outcomes.
Hopf-cyclic coefficients in the braided setting
Authors: Shapiro Ilya
Published: December 2024

Considering the monoidal category

\mathcal{C}

obtained as modules over a Hopf algebra

H

in a rigid braided category

\mathcal{B}

, we prove decomposition results for the Hochschild and cyclic homology categories

HH(\mathcal{C})

and

HC(\mathcal{C})

of

\mathcal{C}

. This is accomplished by defining a notion of a (stable) anti-Yetter–Drinfeld module with coefficients in a (stable) braided module over

\mathcal{B}

. When the stable braided module is

HH(\mathcal{B})

, we recover

HH(\mathcal{C})

and

HC(\mathcal{C})

. The decomposition of

HC(\mathcal{C})

now follows from that of

HH(\mathcal{B})

.
UP‐Net: A multi‐head architecture for reading and efficiently segmenting distorted QR codes
Authors: Parcham Ebrahim , Ilbeygi Mahdi , Hajipour Vahid , Gharaei Ali , Mokhtari Mahdi , Foroutan Mostafa
Published: December 2024

Semantic segmentation is essential in machine vision but susceptible to noise and distortions that often appear in real‐world images. We propose UPlus‐Net (UP‐Net), a deep‐learning architecture based on the U‐Net encoder–decoder architecture. We address the limitations of U‐Net by introducing a multi‐head architecture in UP‐Net to properly handle segmentation challenges. In addition, we evaluate UP‐Net for decoding distorted quick‐response (QR) codes heavily polluted by noise. Experimental results confirm that UP‐Net outperforms existing QR reader mobile applications, highlighting the UP‐Net ability to handle challenging images. Unlike existing methods focused solely on QR code reading or segmentation, UP‐Net offers a combined solution, efficiently and accurately reading distorted QR codes while performing high‐quality semantic segmentation. These unique characteristics render UP‐Net promising for applications demanding robust image analysis in challenging environments.
Endoscopic resection of a giant irregular leiomyoma in fundus and cardia: A case report
Authors: Li Peng , Tang Guang-Ming , Li Pei-Lin , Zhang Chun , Wang Wei-Qiang
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Endoscopic resection of giant gastric leiomyomas, particularly in the fundus and cardia regions, is infrequently documented and presents a significant challenge for endoscopic surgery.

CASE SUMMARY

Herein, a case of a 59-year-old woman with a giant gastric leiomyoma was reported. The patient presented to the department of hepatological surgery with a complaint of right upper abdominal pain for one month and worsening for one week. The patient was diagnosed as gastric submucosal tumor (SMT), gallstone, and cholecystitis combined with computed tomography and gastroendoscopy prior to operation. Upon admission, following a multi-disciplinary treatment discussion, it was determined that the patient would undergo a laparoscopic cholecystectomy and endoscopic resection of gastric SMT. It took 3 hours to completely resect the lesion by Endoscopic submucosal excavation and endoscopic full-thickness resection, and about 3 hours to suture the wound and take out the lesion. The lesion, ginger-shaped and measuring 8 cm × 5 cm, led to transient peritonitis post-surgery. With no cardiac complications, the patient was discharged one week after surgery.

CONCLUSION

Endoscopic resection of a giant leiomyoma in the cardiac fundus is feasible and suitable for skilled endoscopists.
Pengaruh Pemberian Bolu Pisang Ambon Terhadap Perubahan Tekanan Darah Penderita Hipertensi Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Soropia Kabupaten KonaweHypertension is when the pressure in blood vessels increases above 120/80 mmHg. Blood pressure goal is less than
Authors: Sabina Riska Adni , Ananda Siti Hadrayanti , Demmalewa Jenni Qlifianty , Abadi Ellyani
Published: December 2024

Hypertension is when the pressure in blood vessels increases above 120/80 mmHg. Blood pressure goal is less than 130/80 mmHg, and when the pressure is 140/90 mmHg or higher, it called as hypertension.  One of non-pharmacology therapies used to lower high blood pressure is giving ambon banana cake to the patients with hypertension at Soropia health centre, Soropia district, Konawe. This is a quantitative study used quasi-experiment of pre test and post test with control group design. The observation was conducted twice-before and after treatment. Population of the study were 19 people who suffered hypertension at Soropia health centre, Soropia district, Konawe. 16 people were chosen by using Slovin formula to obtain representative samples. Then, 16 people were divided into 2 groups (8 People were in control group and others were in intervention group). Result of Wilcoxon test concluded that there’s an effect of non-pharmacology therapy by giving Ambon banana cake on blood pressure changes of patients with hypertension
CaTT contexts are finite computads
Authors: Benjamin Thibaut , Markakis Ioannis , Sarti Chiara
Published: December 2024

Two novel descriptions of weak {\omega}-categories have been recently proposed, using type-theoretic ideas. The first one is the dependent type theory CaTT whose models are {\omega}-categories. The second is a recursive description of a category of computads together with an adjunction to globular sets, such that the algebras for the induced monad are again {\omega}-categories. We compare the two descriptions by showing that there exits a fully faithful morphism of categories with families from the syntactic category of CaTT to the opposite of the category of computads, which gives an equivalence on the subcategory of finite computads. We derive a more direct connection between the category of models of CaTT and the category of algebras for the monad on globular sets, induced by the adjunction with computads.
Positive Focusing is Directly Useful
Authors: Accattoli Beniamino , Wu Jui-Hsuan
Published: December 2024

Recently, Miller and Wu introduced the positive $\lambda$-calculus, a call-by-value $\lambda$-calculus with sharing obtained by assigning proof terms to the positively polarized focused proofs for minimal intuitionistic logic. The positive $\lambda$-calculus stands out among $\lambda$-calculi with sharing for a compactness property related to the sharing of variables. We show that -- thanks to compactness -- the positive calculus neatly captures the core of useful sharing, a technique for the study of reasonable time cost models.

Comment: Paper for the proceedings of MFPS 2024
Amortized Analysis via Coalgebra
Authors: Grodin Harrison , Harper Robert
Published: December 2024

Amortized analysis is a cost analysis technique for data structures in which cost is studied in aggregate: rather than considering the maximum cost of a single operation, one bounds the total cost encountered throughout a session. Traditionally, amortized analysis has been phrased inductively, quantifying over finite sequences of operations. Connecting to prior work on coalgebraic semantics for data structures, we develop the alternative perspective that amortized analysis is naturally viewed coalgebraically in a category of cost algebras, where a morphism of coalgebras serves as a first-class generalization of potential function suitable for integrating cost and behavior. Using this simple definition, we consider amortization of other sample effects, non-commutative printing and randomization. To support imprecise amortized upper bounds, we adapt our discussion to the bicategorical setting, where a potential function is a colax morphism of coalgebras. We support algebraic and coalgebraic operations simultaneously by using coalgebras for an endoprofunctor instead of an endofunctor, combining potential using a monoidal structure on the underlying category. Finally, we compose amortization arguments in the indexed category of coalgebras to implement one amortized data structure in terms of others.
A Semantic Proof of Generalised Cut Elimination for Deep Inference
Authors: Atkey Robert , Kokke Wen
Published: December 2024

Multiplicative-Additive System Virtual (MAV) is a logic that extends Multiplicative-Additive Linear Logic with a self-dual non-commutative operator expressing the concept of "before" or "sequencing". MAV is also an extenson of the the logic Basic System Virtual (BV) with additives. Formulas in BV have an appealing reading as processes with parallel and sequential composition. MAV adds internal and external choice operators. BV and MAV are also closely related to Concurrent Kleene Algebras. Proof systems for MAV and BV are Deep Inference systems, which allow inference rules to be applied anywhere inside a structure. As with any proof system, a key question is whether proofs in MAV can be reduced to a normal form, removing detours and the introduction of structures not present in the original goal. In Sequent Calcluli systems, this property is referred to as Cut Elimination. Deep Inference systems have an analogous Cut rule and other rules that are not present in normalised proofs. Cut Elimination for Deep Inference systems has the same metatheoretic benefits as for Sequent Calculi systems, including consistency and decidability. Proofs of Cut Elimination for BV, MAV, and other Deep Inference systems present in the literature have relied on intrincate syntactic reasoning and complex termination measures. We present a concise semantic proof that all MAV proofs can be reduced to a normal form avoiding the Cut rule and other "non analytic" rules. We also develop soundness and completeness proofs of MAV (and BV) with respect to a class of models. We have mechanised all our proofs in the Agda proof assistant, which provides both assurance of their correctness as well as yielding an executable normalisation procedure.- Our technique extends to include exponentials and the additive units.
Investigating the Significance Levels of Indicators that Increase the Risk of Falling in the Older Adults
Authors: Can Karahan Zehra , Seymen Fatma Nur , Özcan Ayşenur , Türkmen Ceyhun
Published: December 2024

Objectives: Falls are very common in olders adults. The study's objective is to evaluate the importance of the levels of multiple indicators that raise the older population's risk of falling.
Methods: The study examined 110 individuals over 65 years of age. Participants' cognitive abilities were examined using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCa) Scale. The Functional Reach Test (FRT) measured anterioposterior dynamic balance, while the Tandem Stance Test(TST) tested lateral stability. Fall risk and static and dynamic balance were assessed using the Berg Balance Test (BBT). Time Up and Go Test(TUGT) assessed functional mobility. A 1-minute sit-to-stand test measured lower extremity endurance and functional muscular strength. Cervical proprioception was assessed using a stabilizer.
Results: Participants had a mean age of 71.26±6.20 years and experienced 0.41±1.02 falls in the past year. TST duration: 25.95±7.93 seconds, MoCa: 18.65±4.90, FRT: 21.83±8.38, BBT: 51.11±4.47, TUGT: 12.01±3.89, 1MSTS: 18.61±8.23, cervical proprioception error: 15.49±13.01 A statistically insignificant negative connection was seen between the number of falls and age(r=-0.081,p=0.399), height(r=-0.030,p=0.756), tandem standing (r=0.144,p=0.134), cognitive level(r=-0.015, p=0.878), Berg Blance test(r=-0.079, p=0.414) and cervical proprioception(r=-0.135, p=0.160). Men reported more falls than women, with an odds ratio of 3.14 (95% confidence interval: 1.21-8.14). Gender and falls are significantly associated (p = 0.018*), suggesting males may fall more.
Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into the factors associated with falls among older people. The findings reinforce the importance of gender as a key factor in falls, revealing the possible impact of body weight, balance, and age on the probability of experiencing a fall.
EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 VACCİNE DOSES ON DAILY CASES, DEATHS, AND RECOVERIES: A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF TURKISH PUBLIC DATA
Authors: Uğraş Ebru , Şimşek Erhan
Published: December 2024

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected countries worldwide, including Turkey. Vaccination campaigns have played a crucial role as governments strive to reduce the spread of the virus and protect their populations. This article aims to explore the relationship between daily COVID-19 cases, deaths and recoveries, and daily COVID-19 vaccinations in Turkey, and to shed light on the effectiveness of vaccination efforts in preventing the spread of the virus.
Methods: Based on data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey, aimed to investigate the relationship between vaccine doses and COVID-19 cases, the number of deaths, and the number of recoveries. The study examined the period between 13 January 2021, when the first dose of vaccine was administered, and 31 May 2022, the last date for which daily data were available. Data were obtained from the Turkey COVID-19 Pandemic Monitoring Screen (TURCOVID19) platform. The data were then analyzed, and the incorrect data observed on some dates were re-checked against the general coronavirus table on the website of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey and corrected. A total of 504 days of observation data were analyzed.
Results: The Results from various studies, both worldwide and in Turkey, consistently demonstrate the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in reducing the burden of disease. These vaccines are effective in preventing infection, reducing mortality, and contributing to the recovery of COVID-19 patients.