bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Violência Psicológica Contra a Mulher: Reconhecimento e Visibilidade
Authors: Echeverria Gabriela Bothrel
Published: April 2018

No Brasil, segundo o Data Senado (2013) cerca de 38% das mulheres afirmam ter sofrido violência psicológica. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo de discutir a compreensão de estudantes do curso de Direito sobre a violência psicológica contra a mulher, analisando de que forma estão se preparando para lidar com tal demanda de trabalho e se há, por parte destes estudantes e futuros profissionais, o reconhecimento da violência psicológica como precedente de outras formas de violência. Utilizamos de um questionário online sobre a percepção dos tipos de violência e noções jurídicas sobre a Lei Maria da Penha, utilizada como arcabouço teórico da discussão. Os resultados apontam que embora a temática venha ganhando importância, uma grande parcela dos estudantes não soube tipificar a violência psicológica. Nota-se que não basta explicar o significado deste tipo de violência, se não houver um aparato jurídico claro e objetivo de como proceder e as quais outros profissionais recorrer. Cabe à psicologia promover ações interdisciplinares fomentando tal discussão e possibilitando a construção de novos espaços de discussão e de construção/efetivação de uma rede integrada de saberes para suporte para as mulheres vítimas de violência, e para discutir a tipificação no âmbito jurídico da violência psicológica.
Responding to Sea Level Rise: Does Short‐Term Risk Reduction Inhibit Successful Long‐Term Adaptation?
Authors: Keeler A. G. , McNamara D. E. , Irish J. L.
Published: April 2018

Most existing coastal climate‐adaptation planning processes, and the research supporting them, tightly focus on how to use land use planning, policy tools, and infrastructure spending to reduce risks from rising seas and changing storm conditions. While central to community response to sea level rise, we argue that the exclusive nature of this focus biases against and delays decisions to take more discontinuous, yet proactive, actions to adapt—for example, relocation and aggressive individual protection investments. Public policies should anticipate real estate market responses to risk reduction to avoid large costs—social and financial—when and if sea level rise and other climate‐related factors elevate the risks to such high levels that discontinuous responses become the least bad alternative.
On‐line estimation of switched reluctance motor parameters
Authors: Aguado‐Rojas Missie , Maya‐Ortiz Paul , Espinosa‐Pérez Gerardo
Published: April 2018

This paper addresses the problem of on‐line parameter estimation of switched reluctance motors and provides, to the best of the authors' knowledge, the first result that takes into account the dynamics of both electrical and mechanical subsystems. Based on a widely‐used standard model of the motor and establishing a reasonable structure for modeling the unknown load torque, a linear parametric model is derived and a 2‐stage identification scheme is proposed and implemented with the recursive least‐squares algorithm with forgetting factor. It is assumed that stator voltages and currents and rotor position and speed are available through measurements. Numerical simulations and experimental tests are included for a 3‐phase 12/8 switched reluctance motor. The results show a good performance of the proposed methodology, and the estimated parameters are validated through their use in a closed‐loop control scheme. Key features of the proposed solution are that it does not rely on locked‐rotor tests nor does it assume previous knowledge of the magnetization curves of the motor. The estimation scheme is intended to improve the performance and efficiency of currently available control algorithms, and it is potentially useful for the design of selfcommissioning switched reluctance drives, ie, drives that can automatically adjust the controller parameters for a wide range of motors and loads.
A Semitransparent Inorganic Perovskite Film for Overcoming Ultraviolet Light Instability of Organic Solar Cells and Achieving 14.03% Efficiency
Authors: Chen Weijie , Zhang Jingwen , Xu Guiying , Xue Rongming , Li Yaowen , Zhou Yinhua , Hou Jianhui , Li Yongfang
Published: April 2018

Organic solar cells (OSCs) can be unstable under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. To address this issue and enhance the power conversion efficiency (PCE), an inorganic‐perovskite/organic four‐terminal tandem solar cell (TSC) based on a semitransparent inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cell (pero‐SC) as the top cell and an OSC as bottom cell is constructed. The high‐quality CsPbBr3 photoactive layer of the planar pero‐SC is prepared with a dual‐source vacuum coevaporation method, using stoichiometric precursors of CsBr and PbBr2 with a low evaporation rate. The resultant opaque planar pero‐SC exhibits an ultrahigh open‐circuit voltage of 1.44 V and the highest reported PCE of 7.78% for a CsPbBr3‐based planar pero‐SC. Importantly, the devices show no degradation after 120 h UV light illumination. The related semitransparent pero‐SC can almost completely filter UV light and well maintain photovoltaic performance; it additionally shows an extremely high average visible transmittance. When it is used to construct a TSC, the top pero‐SC acting as a UV filter can utilize UV light for photoelectric conversion, avoiding the instability problem of UV light on the bottom OSC that can meet the industrial standards of UV‐light stability for solar cells, and leading to the highest reported PCE of 14.03% for the inorganic‐perovskite/organic TSC.
Diastereospecific Bis‐alkoxycarbonylation of 1,2‐Disubstituted Olefins Catalyzed by Aryl α‐Diimine Palladium(II) Catalysts
Authors: Olivieri Diego , Fini Francesco , Mazzoni Rita , Zacchini Stefano , Della Ca' Nicola , Spadoni Gilberto , Gabriele Bartolo , Mancuso Raffaella , Zanotti Valerio , Carfagna Carla
Published: April 2018

Readily synthesized aryl α‐diimine derivatives have been used as efficient ligands for the palladium‐catalyzed oxidative bis‐alkoxycarbonylation reaction of 1,2‐disubstituted olefins. The most active catalyst A was formed in situ from bis‐(2,6‐dimethylphenyl)‐2,3‐dimethyl‐1,4‐diazabutadiene and Pd(TFA)2 (TFA=trifluoroacetate). This catalytic system was able to selectively convert 1,2‐disubstituted olefins into 2,3‐disubstituted‐succinic diesters with total diastereospecificity, in good yields (up to 97%) with 2 mol% of catalyst loading, under mild reaction conditions (4 bar of CO at 20 °C in presence of p‐ toluenesulfonic acid as additive and p‐benzoquinone as oxidant). The optimized reaction conditions could be successfully applied to 1,2‐disubstituted aromatic, aliphatic, cyclic olefins and to unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters, employing methanol or benzyl alcohol as nucleophiles. The use of the bulky, less reactive isopropyl alcohol has allowed to better understand the mechanisms involved in the catalytic process. The geometry of the carbonylated products can be explained as a consequence of a concerted syn addition of the Pd‐alkoxycarbonyl moiety to the olefin C=C bond. Catalyst A was isolated, characterized and analyzed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis.

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Effect of Dislocation Arrays at Grain Boundaries on Electronic Transport Properties of Bismuth Antimony Telluride: Unified Strategy for High Thermoelectric Performance
Authors: Hwang Jae‐Yeol , Kim Jungwon , Kim Hyun‐Sik , Kim Sang‐Il , Lee Kyu Hyoung , Kim Sung Wng
Published: April 2018

Taming electronic and thermal transport properties is the ultimate goal in the quest to achieve unprecedentedly high performance in thermoelectric (TE) materials. Most state‐of‐the‐art TE materials are inherently narrow bandgap semiconductors, which have an inevitable contribution from minority carriers, concurrently decreasing Seebeck coefficient and increasing thermal conductivity. Nevertheless, the restraint control of minority carrier transport is seldom considered as a key element to enhance the TE figure of merit (zT). Herein, it is verified that the localized dislocation arrays at grain boundaries enable the suppression of minority carrier contribution to electronic transport properties, resulting in an increase of the Seebeck coefficient and the carrier mobility in bismuth antimony tellurides. It is also suggested that the suppression of minority carriers via the generation of dislocation arrays at grain boundaries is an effective and noninvasive strategy to optimize overall electronic transport properties without sacrificing predominant characteristics of majority carriers in TE materials.
Bifunctional Conducting Polymer Coated CoP Core–Shell Nanowires on Carbon Paper as a Free‐Standing Anode for Sodium Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zhang Kai , Yang Junghoon , Lee Gi‐Hyeok , Shin Jeongyim , Wing‐hei Lau Vincent , Kang Yong‐Mook
Published: April 2018

This study proposes a conformal surface coating of conducting polymer for protecting 1D nanostructured electrode material, thereby enabling a free‐standing electrode without binder for sodium ion batteries. Here, polypyrrole (PPy), which is one of the representative conducting polymers, encapsulated cobalt phosphide (CoP) nanowires (NWs) grown on carbon paper (CP), finally realizes 1D core–shell CoP@PPy NWs/CP. The CoP core is connected to the PPy shell via strong chemical bonding, which can maintain a Co–PPy framework during charge/discharge. It also possesses bifunctional features that enhances the charge transfer and buffers the volume expansion. Consequently, 1D core–shell CoP@PPy NWs/CP demonstrates superb electrochemical performance, delivering a high areal capacity of 0.521 mA h cm−2 at 0.15 mA cm−2 after 100 cycles, and 0.443 mA h cm−2 at 1.5 mA cm−2 even after 1000 cycles. Even at a high current density of 3 mA cm−2, a significant areal discharge capacity reaching 0.285 mA h cm−2 is still maintained. The outstanding performance of the CoP@PPy NWs/CP free‐standing anode provides not only a novel insight into the modulated volume expansion of anode materials but also one of the most effective strategies for binder‐free and free‐standing electrodes with decent mechanical endurance for future secondary batteries.
Kristall‐Adaptronik: Mechanisch rekonfigurierbare elastische und superelastische molekulare Kristalle
Authors: Ahmed Ejaz , Karothu Durga Prasad , Naumov Panče
Published: April 2018

Mechanisch rekonfigurierbare molekulare Kristalle – geordnete Materialien, die sich an eine Reihe von Umwelt‐ und Betriebsbedingungen durch bewegungsinduzierte Deformation anpassen können – entwickeln sich rasch zu einer neuen Forschungsrichtung in den Materialwissenschaften, genannt: Kristall‐Adaptronik. Eigenschaften wie Elastizität, Superelastizität oder Ferroelastizität, die sonst nur mit anorganischen Materialien verbunden werden, aber auch Formgedächtnis‐ und Selbstheilungseffekte, welche klassisch mit weichen Materialien wie Polymeren in Verbindung gebracht werden, sind zunehmend auch bei molekularen Kristallen zu finden. Nichtsdestotrotz sind die Mechanismen dieser Effekte, ihre Quantifizierung und die Verbindung mit der Kristallstruktur für viele Chemiker und Materialwissenschaftler nicht sofort ersichtlich. Dieser Übersichtsartikel vermittelt einen aktuellen Überblick über elastische, superelastische und ferroelastische molekulare Kristalle – eine Klasse von Materialien, die die Brücke schlagen zwischen weichen und anorganischen Materialien. Die Auffindung und Detektion dieser unkonventionellen Eigenschaften sowie der zugrundeliegenden strukturellen Eigenschaften der damit verbundenen molekularen Materialien werden dargelegt und am Beispiel einiger prominenter Vertreter diskutiert.
Photocatalytic degradation of trichloroethylene over BiOCl under UV irradiation
Authors: Liu Wei , Yang Qi , Wang Zhen , Lv Xiaofan , Yang Zhilin
Published: April 2018

In this study, BiOCl samples were synthesized under different pH values and characterized by XRD, SEM, UV‐vis DRS, BET, photoelectrochemical measurement and PL. The photocatalytic performances of the as‐prepared samples were evaluated through the decomposition of trichloroethylene (TCE) under UV irradiation. The influences of several parameters such as solution pH and common inorganic anions on TCE removal were investigated. Results indicated that BiOCl‐0.6 exhibited better photocatalytic performance than BiOCl‐6.0 because of its higher migration ability of photo‐induced carrier. The photocatalytic degradation of TCE over BiOCl‐0.6 followed pseudo first‐order kinetics and appeared to be more efficient in acidic solution than in alkaline. TCE was almost completely dechlorinated in 120 minutes. The inhibiting effect of naturally occurring anions was in the order of HCO3‐ >SO42‐ >NO3‐, while Cl‐ exhibited a dual effect. Moreover, BiOCl‐0.6 exhibited superior reusability after three cycles of repetition tests.
Allocation of a relevation in redundancy problems
Authors: Belzunce Félix , Martínez‐Riquelme Carolina , Ruiz José M.
Published: April 2018

The relevation can be considered as a replacement or repair policy in reliability, in which, when a unit fails, the unit is restored to a working condition just previous to the failure, in the sense that the age of the unit is not changed but the failure rate changes. It can be also considered as a generalization of the minimal repair policy and the load‐sharing model. In this paper, we consider the problem of where to allocate a relevation in a system to increase the reliability of the system and the particular cases of load‐sharing and minimal repair policies.
Das CRISPR/Cas‐System
Authors: Schindele Patrick , Wolter Felix , Puchta Holger
Published: April 2018

Die Pflanzenzucht nutzte bisher ungezielte und zeitintensive Verfahren, um Verbesserungen in den agronomischen Eigenschaften unserer Kulturpflanzen zu erreichen. Dies hat sich in den vergangenen Jahren grundlegend geändert, denn mit dem CRISPR/Cas‐System steht nun ein hochpräzises und zuverlässiges Werkzeug zur Verfügung, um diese Ziele schnell und effizient zu erreichen. Durch die programmierbare Induktion von Doppelstrangbrüchen können gezielt an fast jeder beliebigen Stelle im Genom die gewünschten Veränderungen vorgenommen werden, die sich nicht mehr von natürlichen Veränderungen unterscheiden lassen. So entstanden bereits eine Reihe von Kulturpflanzen mit agronomisch interessanten Eigenschaften. Die momentane Charakterisierung weiterer CRISPR/Cas‐Systeme erweitert nicht nur unseren molekularen Werkzeugkasten, sondern beginnt die gesamte Biotechnologie und Biologie grundlegend zu verändern.
Sustainable business models: Providing a more holistic perspective
Authors: Lozano Rodrigo
Published: April 2018

Corporate sustainability has recently been challenging traditional business models that have been based on value proposition, creation and capture. There has been a steady increase in publications using the term “sustainable business models”; however, there have been few that have theoretically defined or characterized the term, and in most cases, they just apply the term. Seven peer‐reviewed papers were selected that aimed to define and explain sustainable business models and that have been widely cited. The papers were analyzed by assessing the elements and activities covered using the corporate sustainability framework, and by comparing them against four approaches to explain organizations. The paper proposes a definition and framework for more sustainable business models aimed at integrating organizational approaches, the company system, stakeholders, change and sustainability dimensions, thus providing a more holistic and systemic approach to discourses on sustainable business models.
“How can you make friends if you don't know who you are?” A qualitative examination of international students' experience informed by the Social Identity Model of Identity Change
Authors: Ng Nikole W.K. , Haslam S. Alexander , Haslam Catherine , Cruwys Tegan
Published: April 2018

This paper explores the contribution of social identity change to international students' health and well‐being. International students typically face a range of challenges from the time they leave their home country, including the need to adapt both to a new culture and norms and to a new educational landscape. Previous research informed by the Social Identity Model of Identity Change (SIMIC) suggests that during such life transitions, an individual's group memberships and associated social identities can provide a buffer against the threats to well‐being that such transitions present. To examine the relevance of SIMIC for the transitions that international students' experience, semistructured interviews were conducted with 15 international students attending an Australian university. Thematic analysis provided support for the relevance of SIMIC's social identity gain and social identity maintenance pathways in the transition and revealed a number of associated factors that acted as either facilitators (e.g., a host family that supported community integration) or barriers (e.g., experiencing culture shock) to social identity change. These findings present the first qualitative support for SIMIC within an international student population and help to flesh out the specific ways in which social identity processes contribute to both positive and negative health and well‐being outcomes.
Toxicological Aspects of the Essential Oil from Cinnamodendron dinisii
Authors: Andrade Milene A. , Cardoso Maria das Graças , Preté Paulo S. C. , Soares Maurílio J. , de Azeredo Camila M. O. , Trento Marcus V. C. , Braga Mariana A. , Marcussi Silvana
Published: April 2018

The objective of this study was to determine cytotoxic activity, hemolytic activity, and to evaluate the ability of the essential oil from Cinnamodendron dinisii to induce DNA fragmentation of human lymphocytes. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation. Cytotoxic activity was determined by the MTT method. Hemolytic activity was evaluated by spectrophotometric quantification of hemoglobin released by erythrocytes. Damage to lymphocyte DNA molecules was assessed by the Comet assay. The essential oil under study showed high cytotoxic activity on Vero cells (CC50 = 35.72 μg/mL) and induced hemolysis in both hematocrits, besides leading to the oxidation of hemoglobin released. The genotoxic activity of C. dinisii essential oil was also observed, which induced concentration‐dependent DNA fragmentation of human lymphocytes and, at 50 μL/mL, it was more active than the positive control. The essential oil from C. dinisii has a toxic action, suggesting a special attention in the application of this oil to health‐promoting activities; however, among its components, there are molecules with potential for future application in anticancer therapies.
Synthetic MUC1 Antitumor Vaccine with Incorporated 2,3‐Sialyl‐T Carbohydrate Antigen Inducing Strong Immune Responses with Isotype Specificity
Authors: Straßburger David , Glaffig Markus , Stergiou Natascha , Bialas Sabrina , Besenius Pol , Schmitt Edgar , Kunz Horst
Published: April 2018

The endothelial glycoprotein MUC1 is known to underlie alterations in cancer by means of aberrant glycosylation accompanied by changes in morphology. The heavily shortened glycans induce a collapse of the peptide backbone and enable accessibility of the latter to immune cells, rendering it a tumor‐associated antigen. Synthetic vaccines based on MUC1 tandem repeat motifs, comprising tumor‐associated 2,3‐sialyl‐T antigen, conjugated to the immunostimulating tetanus toxoid, are reported herein. Immunization with these vaccines in a simple water/oil emulsion produced a strong immune response in mice to which stimulation with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) was not superior. In both cases, high levels of IgG1 and IgG2a/b were induced in C57BL/6 mice. Additional glycosylation in the immunodominant PDTRP domain led to improved binding of the induced antisera to MCF‐7 breast tumor cells, compared with that of the monoglycosylated peptide vaccine.
TAVR in bicuspid aortic valve stenosis: “We are not there yet” to draw final conclusions
Authors: De Backer Ole , Søndergaard Lars
Published: April 2018

Key Points

TAVR for bicuspid AS is not associated with excess mortality, but paravalvular leak and pacemaker implant is increased compared to tricuspid AS cohorts undergoing TAVR.

Operators should weigh these potential complications against the clinical benefit obtained with TAVR for bicuspid AS patients at high surgical risk.

A randomized controlled trial comparing TAVR with SAVR in younger, low‐surgical risk patients with—or at least not excluding—bicuspid AS is strongly needed.
Not all that is red is blood: a curious case of chromaturia
Authors: Koratala Abhilash , Chamarthi Gajapathiraju , Segal Mark S.
Published: April 2018

Key Clinical Message

Hydroxocobalamin causes reddish discoloration of the urine, mimicking hematuria. Clinicians should be aware of this common side effect of the rarely used drug to prevent unnecessary consultations and work‐up. Additional benign causes of red urine include foods such as beets, rhubarb, and medications such as rifampin, phenazopyridine.
Highly Active Layered Titanosilicate Catalyst with High Surface Density of Isolated Titanium on the Accessible Interlayer Surface
Authors: Tsunoji Nao , Opanasenko Maksym V. , Kubů Martin , Čejka Jiří , Nishida Hidechika , Hayakawa Shinjiro , Ide Yusuke , Sadakane Masahiro , Sano Tsuneji
Published: April 2018

Metallosilicate catalysts with tetrahedrally coordinated transition metals are attractive because of their high selectivity in the oxidation of hydrocarbons. Here, we report highly active titanosilicate catalysts featuring an isolated titanium species with a uniform tetrahedral coordination state, unusually high surface density, and high accessibility of the Ti active sites. The layered titanosilicate prepared by grafting of TiIV acetylacetonate onto the surfaces of the crystalline layered silicate, HUS‐7, showed excellent catalytic performance in the epoxidation of cyclohexene with tert‐butyl hydroperoxide as an oxidant (turnover frequency of 230 h−1 and reaction rate of 314 mmol g−1 h−1).
Focusing on Relevant Features Governing the Electrochemical Behavior of Li(4‐x)/3Ti(5‐2x)/3CrxO4 Electrode Material
Authors: Álvarez‐Serrano Inmaculada , López María Luisa , Rodríguez‐Aguado Elena , Rodríguez‐Castellón Enrique , Pico Carlos
Published: April 2018

Two sets of the spinel‐type compounds Li(4‐x)/3Ti(5‐2x)/3CrxO4 (LTCO) with x=0, 0.1, and 0.2 were prepared from two synthetic strategies implying different precursors (freshly obtained titanium glycolate and amorphous hydrated titanium oxide). These routes allowed to synthesize samples with high purity (for x=0.2) and significant different microstructure. Structural and compositional characterization revealed the existence of an atomic percentage of 0.08 Cr6+ cations at the tetrahedral sites of the spinel‐type structure. Concomitantly, the corresponding amount of Ti3+ cations is stabilized. The electrochemical response is evaluated in LTCO‐composites materials fabricated with environmentally friendly sodium alginate as a binder. The phase with x=0.2 prepared from the glycolate precursor at a temperature as low as 600 °C shows good electrochemical performance. Thus, capacity values greater than 200 mA h g−1 at 0.5C are related to an increase in the value of lithium‐ion diffusion coefficient (ca. 2.67×10−12 cm2 s−1, as estimated from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, EIS). Furthermore, when this electrode is cycled at high density current rates (2C), discharge capacity values of ∼125 mA h g−1 are obtained, which means a retention of 63 and 52 % in the cycles 700th and 1000th, respectively. The remarkable electrochemical response displayed is interpreted considering different concurrent features: an appropriate microstructure, an aqueous binder, and the stabilization of mixed‐valent titanium (Ti4+/Ti3+) and chromium (Cr6+/Cr3+) cations at the surface.
Towards the Prediction of Global Solution State Properties for Hydrogen Bonded, Self‐Associating Amphiphiles
Authors: White Lisa J. , Tyuleva Stilyana N. , Wilson Ben , Shepherd Helena J. , Ng Kendrick K. L. , Holder Simon J. , Clark Ewan R. , Hiscock Jennifer R.
Published: April 2018

Through this extensive structure–property study we show that critical micelle concentration correlates with self‐associative hydrogen bond complex formation constant, when combined with outputs from low level, widely accessible, computational models. Herein, we bring together a series of 39 structurally related molecules related by stepwise variation of a hydrogen bond donor–acceptor amphiphilic salt. The self‐associative and corresponding global properties for this family of compounds have been studied in the gas, solid and solution states. Within the solution state, we have shown the type of self‐associated structure present to be solvent dependent. In DMSO, this class of compound show a preference for hydrogen bonded dimer formation, however moving into aqueous solutions the same compounds are found to form larger self‐associated aggregates. This observation has allowed us the unique opportunity to investigate and begin to predict self‐association events at both the molecular and extended aggregate level.
The design and rationale of SAVE BC: The Study to Avoid CardioVascular Events in British Columbia
Authors: Brunham Liam R. , Lynch Kelsey , English Amy , Sutherland Rory , Weng Jian , Cho Raymond , Wong Graham C. , Anis Aslam H. , Francis Gordon A. , Khan Nadia A. , McManus Bruce , Wood David , Walley Keith R. , Leipsic Jonathon , Humphries Karin H. , Hoens Alison , Krahn Andrew D. , John Mancini G.B. , Pimstone Simon
Published: April 2018

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is highly heritable, particularly when it occurs at a young age. The screening of individuals with premature ASCVD, although often recommended, is not routinely performed. Strategies to address this gap in care are essential. We designed the Study to Avoid CardioVascular Events in British Columbia (SAVE BC) as a prospective, observational study of individuals with a new diagnosis of very premature ASCVD (defined as age ≤ 50 years in males and age ≤ 55 years in females) and their first‐degree relatives (FDRs) and spouses. FDRs and spouses will undergo screening for cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and subclinical ASCVD using a structured screening algorithm. All subjects will be followed longitudinally for ≥10 years. The overall goal of SAVE BC is to evaluate the yield of a structured screening program for identifying individuals at risk of premature ASCVD. The primary objectives of SAVE BC are to identify and follow index cases with very premature ASCVD and their FDRs and to determine the diagnostic yield of a structured screening program for these individuals. We will collect data on CV risk factors, medication use, CV events, and healthcare costs in these individuals. SAVE BC will provide insight regarding approaches to identify individuals at risk for premature ASCVD with implications for prevention and treatment in this population.
The Value of Wastewater Derived Struvite as a Source of Phosphorus Fertilizer
Authors: Mehta Chirag M. , Hunter Malcolm N. , Leong Gaius , Batstone Damien J.
Published: April 2018

Struvite is recovered using Mg(OH)2 from domestic wastewater and is use as a phosphorus (P) fertilizer. The efficiency of the waste derived struvite (WDS) is compared with synthetic struvite (SS) derived using MgCl2 and synthetic monocalcium phosphate (MCP) in three greenhouse pot experiments. The P application rates tested are 15, 30, 60, and 120 mg kg−1 in a P deficient ferrosol with maize. The maize growth for the MCP treatments is significantly higher than WDS (p < 0.01) and SS (p < 0.02) across all application rates. P uptake of MCP is 22 times higher compared to WDS treated plants. The WDS proves completely ineffective for the plant growth, with evidence that residual levels of associated Mg(OH)2 in the WDS reduced the availability of P. Biomass calcium and magnesium concentrations are higher for the treatments in presence of Mg(OH)2. Added Mg(OH)2 also reduced maize response to other forms of P fertilizer, the effects being significant, particularly when they are applied together as a spot placement below maize seedling.
A patient‐centered team approach in oncology
Authors: Wu Christina S. , El‐Rayes Bassel F.
Published: April 2018

Patients with cancer face many challenges related to their disease. This article describes the role of a patient‐centered team approach in the development of a comprehensive care plan for patients.
Multiscale FEM simulations of cross‐linked actin network embedded in cytosol with the focus on the filament orientation
Authors: Klinge S. , Aygün S. , Gilbert R. P. , Holzapfel G. A.
Published: April 2018

The present contribution focuses on the application of the multiscale finite element method to the modeling of actin networks that are embedded in the cytosol. These cell components are of particular importance with regard to the cell response to external stimuli. The homogenization strategy chosen uses the Hill‐Mandel macrohomogeneity condition for bridging 2 scales: the macroscopic scale that is related to the cell level and the microscopic scale related to the representative volume element. For the modeling of filaments, the Holzapfel‐Ogden β‐model is applied. It provides a relationship between the tensile force and the caused stretches, serves as the basis for the derivation of the stress and elasticity tensors, and enables a novel finite element implementation. The elements with the neo‐Hookean constitutive law are applied for the simulation of the cytosol. The results presented corroborate the main advantage of the concept, namely, its flexibility with regard to the choice of the representative volume element as well as of macroscopic tests. The focus is particularly placed on the study of the filament orientation and of its influence on the effective behavior.
Tagging augmented neural topic model for semantic sparse Web service discovery
Authors: Tian Gang , Liu Pengfei , Peng Yanjun , Sun Chengai
Published: April 2018

Search engine based Web service discovery model suffers from the semantic sparsity problem due to the fact that Web services are described in short texts, which in turn leads to poor recall. To address this issue, external information that enriches the semantics of the Web service and improves discovery performance has been highly concerned. In light of this, we propose a novel Web service discovery approach that uses the neural topic model, which seamlessly integrates tagging information and word embedding for semantic sparsity problem. More specifically, instead of clustering Web services as done in most existing service discovery approaches, we use word embedding to map the words as continuous embeddings to embody external semantics of the service description. We also leverage the neural topic model in service discovery, which takes continuous word distribution as the input and interprets the Web service description as a hierarchical model. Based on the neural topic model and word embedding, we propose an efficient Web service query and ranking approach. Experiments conducted on a real‐world Web service dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Implementing molecular dynamics simulation on the Sunway TaihuLight system with heterogeneous many‐core processors
Authors: Dong Wenqian , Li Kenli , Kang Letian , Quan Zhe , Li Keqin
Published: April 2018

In various research of atom and molecule physical movements, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is a common tool to simulate and investigate the real molecular motion. However, it introduces a significant penalty in performance, power, electricity, and running time. Consequently, once the simulation size scales up and computing demands keep growing, it comes at substantial costs in performance and energy usage. In this paper, an optimized MD implementation on the Sunway TaihuLight supercomputer with heterogeneous many‐core processors is developed to address the abovementioned issues. The Sunway TaihuLight is a totally independently designed and developed Chinese supercomputer with a profusely customized integration approach and a brand new many‐core processor, the SW26010. The computing power mainly supported by the homegrown many‐core SW26010 processors differs from other existing heterogeneous supercomputers. The Sunway TaihuLight is a heterogeneous supercomputer that ranks first in the world with its peak performance over 100 PFLOPS. Firstly, we propose a new algorithm based on cluster particles to fit the special architecture of SW26010. Then, three optimization methods of the MD simulation are implemented step by step: parallelized extensions to SW26010, memory‐access optimizations, and vectorization. After these optimization processes, a 14x speedup is achieved on a single computing node and yields significant performance and energy improvements. Superiorly, almost 24,000 computing nodes (6,000,000 cores) are applied in our experiments, which gain an almost linear speedup. Besides, the proposed methods also can be adapted and fit to other molecular dynamics codes, even other similar scientific applications.
Molecular and Thermodynamic Properties of Zwitterions versus Ionic Liquids: A Comprehensive Computational Analysis to Develop Advanced Separation Processes
Authors: Moreno Daniel , Gonzalez‐Miquel Maria , Ferro Victor R. , Palomar Jose
Published: April 2018

The front cover artwork is provided by Palomar and co‐workers. The image shows the research strategy followed in this work to establish structure–properties relationships enabling selection and design of novel zwitterionic solvents to develop efficient separation technologies for relevant chemical processes. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/cphc.201701093.
Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review of Published Models
Authors: Dallmann André , Pfister Marc , van den Anker John , Eissing Thomas
Published: April 2018

During recent years there has been a surge in developing and applying physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models in pregnant women to better understand and predict changes in drug pharmacokinetics throughout pregnancy. As a consequence, the number of publications focusing on pregnancy PBPK models has increased substantially. However, to date these models, especially across various platforms, have not been systematically evaluated. Hence, this review aims to assess published PBPK models in pregnancy used for therapeutic purposes.
How are supply chains addressing their social responsibility dilemmas? Review of the last decade and a half
Authors: Basta Mohamed , Lapalme James , Paquet Marc , Saint‐Louis Patrick , Abu Zwaida Tarek
Published: April 2018

Supply chain social responsibility is increasingly a pressing concern to organizations of all sizes. Justified by its impact on the bottom line, various measures were adopted for resolution and prevention. However, despite the abundance of literature on the topic, there continues to be a lack of evidence on which of the measures are the most prolific, that is, how the concern of interest is actually handled. Such evidence would highlight missed opportunities and set the stage for future research. Toward this goal, the authors conducted a mapping study analyzing 590 articles. The findings reveal that corporate social responsibility, sustainable reporting, and social life cycle assessment are the most used methods whereas systems thinking ranks far behind. This work is original in that it is the first of its kind to reveal such findings scientifically. Practical implications of this work include reducing the supply chain's social footprint, ameliorating stakeholder quality of living, and mitigating social risk.
Analysis of fentanyl analogs and novel synthetic opioids in blood, serum/plasma, and urine in forensic casework
Authors: Moody Marykathryn Tynon , Diaz Stephanie , Shah Parul , Papsun Donna , Logan Barry K.
Published: April 2018

In recent years an increasing number of novel opioids have appeared on the illicit drug market and have been linked to the growing opioid crisis in the United States. It is suspected that synthetic‐opioid‐related deaths are underestimated since many laboratories either use a screening method that is not specific and sensitive enough for these compounds or testing is not performed for fentanyl and its related analogs in general. We describe a method for the analysis of 19 of the most current novel opioid drugs quantitatively in whole blood and serum, and 17 analytes qualitatively in urine using solid phase extraction with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The limit of detection was determined to be at a minimum 0.25 ng/mL for beta‐hydroxythiofentanyl, 0.05 ng/mL for butyryl/isobutyrylfentanyl, AH‐7921, 2‐furanylfentanyl, 4‐ANPP, and U‐47700; 0.025 ng/mL for MT‐45, para‐methoxybutyrylfentanyl, 4‐methylphenethyl acetyl fentanyl, U‐50488, acrylfentanyl, valerylfentanyl, and carfentanil; and 0.0125 ng/mL for para‐fluorofentanyl, ortho‐fluorofentanyl, para‐fluorobutyrylfentanyl/FIBF, and alpha‐methylfentanyl. The lower limit of quantitation was determined to be 0.1 ng/mL for all analytes except AH‐7921, U‐47700, U‐50488 which were 0.05 ng/mL and beta‐hydroxythiofentanyl which was 0.5 ng/mL. The method was validated successfully according to a Scientific Working Group in Forensic Toxicology (SWGTOX) compliant approach. This method was applied to the analysis of 2758 samples between October 2016 and September 2017. It was determined that 4‐ANPP, furanylfentanyl, and carfentanil were the 3 most prevalent fentanyl related compounds detected: 56.1% of cases were positive for 4‐ANPP, 44.5% were positive for furanylfentanyl, and 25.2% cases were positive for carfentanil.
Calcium signals act through histone deacetylase to mediate pronephric kidney morphogenesis
Authors: Rothschild Sarah C. , Lee Hunter J. , Ingram Sarah R. , Mohammadi Daniel K. , Walsh Gregory S. , Tombes Robert M.
Published: April 2018

Background: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is the most common monogenetic kidney disorder and is linked to mutations in PKD1 and PKD2. PKD2, a Ca2+‐conducting TRP channel enriched in ciliated cells and gated by extracellular signals, is necessary to activate the multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin–dependent protein kinase type 2 (CaMK‐II), enabling kidney morphogenesis and cilia stability. Results: In this study, antisense morpholino oligonucleotides and pharmacological compounds were employed to investigate the roles of class II HDAC family members (HDAC 4, 5, and 6) in Zebrafish kidney development. While all three class II HDAC genes were expressed throughout the embryo during early development, HDAC5‐morphant embryos exhibited anterior cysts and destabilized cloacal cilia, similar to PKD2 and CaMK‐II morphants. In contrast, HDAC4‐morphant embryos exhibited elongated cloacal cilia and lacked anterior kidney defects. Suppression of HDAC4 partially reversed the cilia shortening and anterior convolution defects caused by CaMK‐II deficiency, whereas HDAC5 loss exacerbated these defects. EGFP‐HDAC4, but not EGFP‐HDAC5, translocated into the nucleus upon CaMK‐II suppression in pronephric kidney cells. Conclusions: These results support a model by which activated CaMK‐II sequesters HDAC4 in the cytosol to enable primary cilia formation and kidney morphogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 247:807–817, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Attitudes and intentions of Greek teachers towards teaching pupils with dyslexia: An application of the theory of planned behaviour
Authors: Stampoltzis Aglaia , Tsitsou Elisavet , Papachristopoulos George
Published: April 2018

The present study aims to examine Greek public primary school teachers' attitudes and intention towards teaching pupils with dyslexia using a model of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). Toward that aim, 304 teachers aged between 22 and 59 years old, with an average overall work experience of 16.6 years completed a TPB questionnaire which assessed their attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control, their intention, as well as other exogenous factors. The validity and the reliability of the questionnaire were found to be adequate. Overall, the participating teachers report a wide range of educational interventions for pupils with dyslexia emphasizing the psychological aspects of support. They also face a number of barriers, but in general they express neutral to positive attitudes to dyslexia. Results show that attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control significantly predicted the teachers' intention towards teaching dyslexic pupils, thus confirming the applicability of the selected TPB model. Recommendations for teachers' training and limitations of the study are discussed.
High midday temperature stress has stronger effects on biomass than on photosynthesis: A mesocosm experiment on four tropical seagrass species
Authors: George Rushingisha , Gullström Martin , Mangora Mwita M. , Mtolera Matern S. P. , Björk Mats
Published: April 2018

The effect of repeated midday temperature stress on the photosynthetic performance and biomass production of seagrass was studied in a mesocosm setup with four common tropical species, including Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea serrulata, Enhalus acoroides, and Thalassodendron ciliatum. To mimic natural conditions during low tides, the plants were exposed to temperature spikes of different maximal temperatures, that is, ambient (29–33°C), 34, 36, 40, and 45°C, during three midday hours for seven consecutive days. At temperatures of up to 36°C, all species could maintain full photosynthetic rates (measured as the electron transport rate, ETR) throughout the experiment without displaying any obvious photosynthetic stress responses (measured as declining maximal quantum yield, Fv/Fm). All species except T. ciliatum could also withstand 40°C, and only at 45°C did all species display significantly lower photosynthetic rates and declining Fv/Fm. Biomass estimation, however, revealed a different pattern, where significant losses of both above‐ and belowground seagrass biomass occurred in all species at both 40 and 45°C (except for C. serrulata in the 40°C treatment). Biomass losses were clearly higher in the shoots than in the belowground root–rhizome complex. The findings indicate that, although tropical seagrasses presently can cope with high midday temperature stress, a few degrees increase in maximum daily temperature could cause significant losses in seagrass biomass and productivity.
Bioclimatic and altitudinal variables influence the potential distribution of canine parvovirus type 2 worldwide
Authors: Jiang Feng
Published: April 2018

Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV‐2) is extremely contagious and causes high rate of morbidity to many wild carnivores. It has three variants (CPV‐2a,CPV‐2b, andCPV‐2c) that are distributed worldwide with different frequencies and levels of genetic and antigenic variability. The disease poses a threat to the healthy survival and reproduction of wildlife. The research on the relationship betweenCPV‐2 epidemic and environmental variables is lacking. To fill this research gap, we used maximum entropy (MaxEnt) approach with principal component analysis (PCA) to evaluate the relation betweenCPV‐2 and environmental variables and to create a world risk map for this disease. According to thePCAresults, 18 environmental variables were selected from 68 variables for subsequent analyses. MaxEnt showed that annual mean temperature, isothermality, altitude, November precipitation, maximum temperature of warmest month, and precipitation of warmest quarter were the six most important variables associated withCPV‐2 distribution, with a total of 77.7% percent contribution. The risk of this disease between 18°N and 47°N was high, especially in the east of China and the United States. These results support further prediction of risk factors for this virus to help secure the health and sustainable survival of wild carnivores.
Shell morphology and color of the subtidal whelk Buccinum undatum exhibit fine‐scaled spatial patterns
Authors: Magnúsdóttir Hildur , Pálsson Snæbjörn , Westfall Kristen M. , Jónsson Zophonías O. , Örnólfsdóttir Erla Björk
Published: April 2018

Geographical patterns in morphology can be the result of divergence among populations due to neutral or selective changes and/or phenotypic plasticity in response to different environments. Marine gastropods are ideal subjects on which to explore these patterns, by virtue of the remarkable intraspecific variation in life‐history traits and morphology often observed across relatively small spatial scales. The ubiquitous N‐Atlantic common whelk (Buccinum undatum) is well known for spatial variation in life‐history traits and morphology. Previous studies on genetic population structure have revealed that it exhibits significant differentiation across geographic distances. Within Breiðafjörður Bay, a large and shallow bay in W‐Iceland, genetic differentiation was demonstrated between whelks from sites separated by just 20 km. Here, we extended our previous studies on the common whelk in Breiðafjörður Bay by quantifying phenotypic variation in shell morphology and color throughout the Bay. We sought to test whether trait differentiation is dependent on geographic distance and/or environmental variability. Whelk in Breiðafjörður Bay displayed fine‐scale patterns of spatial variation in shape, thickness, and color diversity. Differentiation increased with increasing distance between populations, indicating that population connectivity is limited. Both shape and color varied along a gradient from the inner part of the bay in the east to the outer part in the west. Whelk shells in the innermost part of Breiðafjörður Bay were thick with an elongate shell, round aperture, and low color diversity, whereas in the outer part of the bay the shells were thinner, rounder, with a more elongate aperture and richer color diversity. Significant site‐specific difference in shell traits of the common whelk in correlation with environmental variables indicates the presence of local ecotypes and limited demographic connectivity.