bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Value tradeoffs propel and inhibit behavior: Validating the 19 refined values in four countries
Authors: Schwartz Shalom H. , Cieciuch Jan , Vecchione Michele , Torres Claudio , Dirilen‐Gumus Ozlem , Butenko Tania
Published: January 2017

We assess the predictive and discriminant validity of the basic values in the refined Schwartz value theory by examining how value tradeoffs predict behavior in Italy, Poland, Russia, and the USA. One thousand eight hundred and fifty‐seven respondents reported their values and rated their own and a partner's behavior. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis supported the distinctiveness of the 19 values and the 19 self‐rated and other‐rated behaviors. Multidimensional scaling analyses supported the circular motivational order of the 19 values. Findings affirmed the theorizing that behavior depends upon tradeoffs between values that propel and values that inhibit it. Across four countries, value importance, behavior frequency, and gender failed to moderate the strength of value–behavior relations. This raises the question of the conditions under which the widely cited assumption that normative pressure weakens value–behavior relations holds.
A Comparative Study of Hysterosalpingography and Laparoscopy in the Investigation of Infertility
Authors: Idris W. , Jewelewicz R.
Published: January 2017

Idris, W. and Jewelewicz, R. (Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the International Institute for the Study of Human Reproduction, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University in the City of New York, New York, USA). A comparative study of hysterosalpingography and laparoscopy in the investigation of infertility.

Int J Gynaecol Obstet 14: 428–430, 1976.

A comparison of hysterosalpingography and laparoscopy was carried out on 79 infertile women. Out of these, 60 had abnormal and 19 had normal hysterosalpingograms. Of the 19 patients with normal X‐rays, nine (47%) had abnormal findings during laparoscopy. In 62% of patients with abnormal hysterosalpingograms, laparoscopic findings confirmed the radiological diagnosis, however in 38% the findings differed. Though hysterosalpingography is an important part of infertility evaluation, a final and definite diagnosis requires endoscopic evaluation of the pelvis.
Diazepam Therapy in Eclampsia
Authors: Dawn C. S. , Sinha B.
Published: January 2017

The single drug therapy of diazepam can be introduced to effectively control convulsions in eclampsia. This treatment will have particular application in rural obstetrics where eclampsia is seen in severe form. The dose schedule of diazepam, as described in this study, shows the therapy to have a stabilizing effect on hypertension and pulse rate. It causes neither respiratory depression nor oliguria. Diazepam is an effective muscle relaxant. Its depressive effect on the newborn is in no way inferior to that of lytic cocktail therapy. The drug is readily available at low cost, even in the remote rural areas, and can be easily administered by any doctor or midwife.
The Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Some Maternal Characteristics
Authors: Pierog Sophie , Chandavasu Oradee , Wexler Irving
Published: January 2017

The characteristics of eight mothers of ten infants born with typical features of the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) are presented. These chronic alcoholic mothers have poor obstetric histories, tend to have poor or no prenatal care and may repeat pregnancies which result in infants with FAS. Family planning counseling appears unhelpful.
Decellularized extracellular matrix of human umbilical vein endothelial cells promotes endothelial differentiation of stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth
Authors: Gong Ting , Heng Boon Chin , Xu Jianguang , Zhu Shaoyue , Yuan Changyong , Lo Edward Chin Man , Zhang Chengfei
Published: January 2017

Dental stem cells can serve as a potential source of functional endothelial cells for tissue engineering applications, but the endothelial‐lineage differentiation efficiency is rather low even with growth factors and mechanical stimuli, which greatly limits their clinical applications. This is partly due to the deficiency of standard two‐dimensional (2‐D) culture systems, which is unable to recapitulate the three‐dimensional (3‐D) in vivo milieu that is rich in extracellular matrix. Hence, we extracted decellularized extracellular matrix from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs‐DECM) to provide a bioactive substratum conducive to the endothelial differentiation of dental stem cells. Compared to cells plated on tissue culture polystyrene (TCP), stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) cultured on the HUVECs‐DECM demonstrated more regular arrangement and elongated morphology. HUVECs‐DECM significantly enhanced the rapid adhesion and proliferation rates of SHED, as demonstrated by WST‐8 assay and immunocytochemistry indicating higher expression levels of vinculin by newly adherent SHED on HUVECs‐DECM versus TCP. In addition, there was twofold to fivefold higher mRNA expression levels of endothelial‐specific markers CD31 and VEGFR‐2 in SHED after seven days of culture on DECM versus TCP. Functional testing with in vitro matrigel angiogenesis assay identified more capillary‐like structure formation with significantly higher tubule length in SHED induced by DECM versus TCP. Hence, the results of this study provide a better understanding of the unique characteristics of cell‐specific ECM and demonstrated the potential use of HUVECs‐DECM as a culture substratum conducive for stimulating the endothelial differentiation of SHED for therapeutic angiogenic applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1083–1093, 2017.
Formyl Peptide Receptors in Cellular Differentiation and Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Lee Ha Young , Lee Mingyu , Bae Yoe‐Sik
Published: January 2017

Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) are a family of classical chemoattractant receptors. Although FPRs are mainly expressed in phagocytic innate immune cells including monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils, recent reports demonstrated that additional different cell types such as T‐lymphocytes and several non‐immune cells also express functional FPRs. FPRs were first reported as a specific receptor to detect bacteria‐derived N‐formyl peptides. However, accumulating evidence has shown that FPRs can recognize various ligands derived from pathogens, mitochondria, and host. This review summarizes studies on some interesting endogenous agonists for FPRs. Here, we discuss functional roles of FPRs and their ligands concerning the regulation of cellular differentiation focusing on myeloid lineage cells. Accumulating evidence also suggests that FPRs may contribute to the control of inflammatory diseases. Here, we briefly review the current understanding of the functional role of FPRs and their ligands in inflammatory disorders in some animal disease models. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1300–1307, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hydrothermal oxidation synthesis of rod‐like ZnO and the influence of oxygen vacancy on photocatalysis
Authors: Wang Yao , Wang Baojian , Xu Ying , Fang Min , Wu Zhenyu , Zhu Weiju , Hong Jianghui , Li Cun
Published: January 2017

Rod‐like ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized from zinc powder by a simple hydrothermal oxidation method. The presence of acetylacetone could promote the oxidation reaction of Zn and the formation of hexagonal nanorods. Then, the as‐prepared samples were annealed in N2
, O2
, and air atmosphere at 550°C for 2 h to control the number of oxygen vacancies in the samples. The samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and UV–vis spectroscopy. The correlation between the oxygen vacancies and the photocatalytic activity was investigated. The results reveal that the annealing process alters the samples’ bandgap and number of the oxygen vacancies, thereby improving the photocatalytic activity. The enhancement of photodegradation efficiency arising from the appropriate content of oxygen vacancies is discussed.
Direct MALDI‐MS analysis of the disulfide bonds in peptide using thiosalicylic acid as a reactive matrix
Authors: Asakawa D. , Osaka I.
Published: January 2017

The ability of a thiol‐containing molecule, thiosalicylic acid (TSA), to function as a reactive matrix for matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry analysis of peptides has been investigated. Although TSA has reducing characteristics, the use of TSA did not cause a reduction‐induced MALDI in‐source decay, probably because of the weak interactions between the thiol group in TSA and the carboxyl oxygen in the peptide. In contrast, when peptides containing disulfide bonds were analyzed by MALDI with TSA as the matrix, the disulfide bond was partially cleaved owing to the reaction with TSA, producing TSA‐adducted peptides. The reaction between the disulfide bond and TSA was suggested to be occurred in solution. The comparison of the MALDI mass spectra obtained using conventional matrix and TSA allows us to count the number of disulfide bonds in the peptides. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MOF‐Derived Hollow Cage NixCo3−xO4 and Their Synergy with Graphene for Outstanding Supercapacitors
Authors: Jayakumar Anjali , Antony Rajini P. , Wang Ronghua , Lee Jong‐Min
Published: January 2017

Highly optimized nickel cobalt mixed oxide has been derived from zeolite imidazole frameworks. While the pure cobalt oxide gives only 178.7 F g−1 as the specific capacitance at a current density of 1 A g−1, the optimized Ni:Co 1:1 has given an extremely high and unprecedented specific capacitance of 1931 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1, with a capacitance retention of 69.5% after 5000 cycles in a three electrode test. This optimized Ni:Co 1:1 mixed oxide is further used to make a composite of nickel cobalt mixed oxide/graphene 3D hydrogel for enhancing the electrochemical performance by virtue of a continuous and porous graphene conductive network. The electrode made from GNi:Co 1:1 successfully achieves an even higher specific capacitance of 2870.8 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and also shows a significant improvement in the cyclic stability with 81% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles. An asymmetric supercapacitor is also assembled using a pure graphene 3D hydrogel as the negative electrode and the GNi:Co 1:1 as the positive electrode. With a potential window of 1.5 V and binder free electrodes, the capacitor gives a high specific energy density of 50.2 Wh kg−1 at a high power density of 750 W kg−1.
Auxilary Ligand Directed Zinc(II) Metal‐Organic Frameworks with Different Topological Networks
Authors: Zhou Pingping
Published: January 2017

By altering auxiliary N‐donor ligands, two ZnII compounds, [Zn3(HL)2(4,4′‐bipy)3]n (1) and [Zn4(L)2(bpp)]n (2) (H4L = 3‐(2′,4′‐dicarboxylphenoxy)phthalic acid, 4,4′‐bipy = 4,4′‐bipyridine, and bpp = 1,3‐bis(4‐pyridyl)propane), were obtained under hydrothermal conditions. Structural analyses revealed that compound 1 features a trinodal (3,4,4)‐connected 3D topological framework, and compound 2 displays a (3,8)‐connected 3D pillar‐layered framework with a tfz‐d topology. Furthermore, the thermal stabilities and the luminescent properties of compounds 1 and 2 were investigated.
Regulatory Waves
Authors: Fremont-Smith Marion
Published: January 2017

All governments, in various ways, regulate and control nonprofit organizations. Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), while hopeful of supportive regulatory environments, are simultaneously seeking greater autonomy both to provide services and to advocate for policy change. In part to counter increasing statutory regulation, there is a global nonprofit sector movement towards greater grassroots regulation - what the authors call self-regulation - through codes of conduct and self-accreditation processes. This book drills down to the country level to study both sides of this equation, examining how state regulation and nonprofit self-regulation affect each other and investigating the causal nature of this interaction. Exploring these issues from historical, cultural, political, and environmental perspectives, and in sixteen jurisdictions (Australia, China, Brazil, Ecuador, England and Wales, Ethiopia, Ireland, Israel, Kenya, Malawi, Mexico, Tanzania, Uganda, Scotland, United States, and Vietnam), the authors analyse the interplay between state control and nonprofit self-regulation to better understand broader emerging trends.
Gender and Human Shielding
Authors: Kinsella Helen M.
Published: January 2017

Human shielding occurs through the use of the body—an individual or collective
physical presence—which is not armed and does not rely on the use of force or fire.
Understood as both a means (human shields) and a method (human shielding), shielding is the use of “civilians or other protected persons, whose presence or
movement is aimed or used to render military targets immune from military
operations.” Human shielding raises difficult doctrinal questions as to the
interpretation and implementation of international humanitarian law that are not
easily answered. This is in part because human shielding reanimates a series of
queries that, as I argue elsewhere, are constitutive of international
humanitarian law itself, namely: What and who is a combatant? What and who is a
civilian? Who is to judge and according to which premises? Human shielding reanimates
these questions because it is upon the definition of a civilian, in contradistinction
to the combatant, that the power and efficacy of shielding depends. As I have shown,
the distinction between civilian and combatant is partially constituted through
discourses of gender which naturalize sex and sex difference. These discourses, as
I sketch out below, are cited when theorizing the significance of human shields and
reappear when evaluating the representation and meaning of the embodied movement of
human shields.
Criterion for unlimited growth of critical multidimensional stochastic models
Authors: Adam Etienne
Published: January 2017

We give a criterion for unlimited growth with positive probability for a large class of multidimensional stochastic models. As a by-product, we recover the necessary and sufficient conditions for recurrence and transience for critical multitype Galton–Watson with immigration processes and also significantly improve some results on multitype size-dependent Galton–Watson processes.
Isolation and biological and molecular characterization ofNeospora caninum(NC-SP1) from a naturally infected adult asymptomatic cattle (Bos taurus) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: OLIVEIRA SOLANGE , SOARES RODRIGO MARTINS , AIZAWA JULIANA , SOARES HERBERT SOUSA , CHIEBAO DANIELA PONTES , ORTEGA-MORA LUIS MIGUEL , REGIDOR-CERRILLO JAVIER , SILVA NATÁLIA QUADROS BRESSA , GENNARI SOLANGE MARIA , PENA HILDA FÁTIMA JESUS
Published: January 2017

The biological and genetic diversity ofNeospora caninumis very limited because of availability of only a few viable isolates worldwide. This study describes the isolation and biological and molecular characterization of a new viable isolate ofN. caninum(NC-SP1), from a cattle in Brazil. Approximately 400 g of brain from a naturally infected adult male cattle from an abattoir was fed to a 2-month-old dog.Neospora-like oocysts were observed on day 7 post-inoculation (PI) and the duration of oocyst shedding was 14 days. The DNA obtained from oocysts was characterized molecularly and the final sequence was 99% identical to homologous sequences ofN. caninumavailable in GenBank®. For bioassay, gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) were orally inoculated with 10 100 and 1000 oocysts; all gerbils remained clinically normal but developedN. caninumantibodies 14 days PI. Cell culture isolation was successful using the brain homogenate from one of the gerbils and tachyzoites were observed 24 days PI. Microsatellite genotyping revealed a unique genetic profile for this new reference isolate.
Crystal structure of hydrocortisone acetate, C23H32O6
Authors: Kaduk James A. , Gindhart Amy M. , Blanton Thomas N.
Published: January 2017

The crystal structure of hydrocortisone acetate has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data, and optimized using density functional techniques. Hydrocortisone acetate crystallizes in space groupP21(#4) witha= 8.85173(3) Å,b= 13.53859(3) Å,c= 8.86980(4) Å,β= 101.5438(3)°,V= 1041.455(6) Å3, andZ= 2. Both hydroxyl groups form hydrogen bonds to the ketone oxygen atom on the steroid ring system, resulting in a three-dimensional hydrogen bond network. The powder pattern has been submitted to ICDD for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™.
Variations on a Theme: Assemblage Archaeology
Authors: Lucas Gavin
Published: January 2017

This paper provides a commentary on the other contributions to this special section. It offers an extended reflection on some emergent themes in this collection, themes which resonate with my own perspective on assemblage theory. Two issues in particular are addressed: typology and time.
Identifying a Fire Ecology Research Agenda for Colombia
Authors: Rodríguez-Buriticá Susana , Aguilar-Garavito Mauricio , Norden Natalia
Published: January 2017

Fire Ecology Colloquium; Bogotá, Colombia, 23–24 June 2016
President Obama Publishes in Science on Renewable Energy Future
Authors: Wendel JoAnna
Published: January 2017

In the journal's Policy Forum, the president lays out why renewable energy investments will surge in the future regardless of political headwinds.
The role of macrophages in the susceptibility of Fc gamma receptor IIb deficient mice to Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Surawut Saowapha , Ondee Thunnicha , Taratummarat Sujittra , Palaga Tanapat , Pisitkun Prapaporn , Chindamporn Ariya , Leelahavanichkul Asada
Published: January 2017

Dysfunctional polymorphisms of FcγRIIb, an inhibitory receptor, are associated with Systemic Lupus Erythaematosus (SLE). Cryptococcosis is an invasive fungal infection in SLE, perhaps due to the de novo immune defect. We investigated cryptococcosis in the FcγRIIb−/− mouse-lupus-model. Mortality, after intravenous C. neoformans-induced cryptococcosis, in young (8-week-old) and older (24-week-old) FcγRIIb−/− mice, was higher than in age-matched wild-types. Severe cryptococcosis in the FcγRIIb−/− mice was demonstrated by high fungal burdens in the internal organs with histological cryptococcoma-like lesions and high levels of TNF-α and IL-6, but not IL-10. Interestingly, FcγRIIb−/− macrophages demonstrated more prominent phagocytosis but did not differ in killing activity in vitro and the striking TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 levels, compared to wild-type cells. Indeed, in vivo macrophage depletion with liposomal clodronate attenuated the fungal burdens in FcγRIIb−/− mice, but not wild-type mice. When administered to wild-type mice, FcγRIIb−/− macrophages with phagocytosed Cryptococcus resulted in higher fungal burdens than FcγRIIb+/+ macrophages with phagocytosed Cryptococcus. These results support, at least in part, a model whereby, in FcγRIIb−/− mice, enhanced C. neoformans transmigration occurs through infected macrophages. In summary, prominent phagocytosis, with limited effective killing activity, and high pro-inflammatory cytokine production by FcγRIIb−/− macrophages were correlated with more severe cryptococcosis in FcγRIIb−/− mice.
Initiation and growth kinetics of solidification cracking during welding of steel
Authors: Aucott L. , Huang D. , Dong H. B. , Wen S. W. , Marsden J. A. , Rack A. , Cocks A. C. F.
Published: January 2017

Solidification cracking is a key phenomenon associated with defect formation during welding. To elucidate the failure mechanisms, solidification cracking during arc welding of steel are investigated in situ with high-speed, high-energy synchrotron X-ray radiography. Damage initiates at relatively low true strain of about 3.1% in the form of micro-cavities at the weld subsurface where peak volumetric strain and triaxiality are localised. The initial micro-cavities, with sizes from 10 × 10−6 m to 27 × 10−6m, are mostly formed in isolation as revealed by synchrotron X-ray micro-tomography. The growth of micro-cavities is driven by increasing strain induced to the solidifying steel. Cavities grow through coalescence of micro-cavities to form micro-cracks first and then through the propagation of micro-cracks. Cracks propagate from the core of the weld towards the free surface along the solidifying grain boundaries at a speed of 2–3 × 10−3 m s−1.
Facile Synthesis of Highly Crystalline and Large Areal Hexagonal Boron Nitride from Borazine Oligomers
Authors: Park Sungchan , Seo Tae Hoon , Cho Hyunjin , Min Kyung Hyun , Lee Dong Su , Won Dong-Il , Kang Sang Ook , Kim Myung Jong
Published: January 2017

A novel and facile synthetic method for h-BN films from borazine oligomer (B3N3H4)x precursors has been developed. This method only includes spin-coating of borazine oligomer onto nickel catalysts and a subsequent annealing step. Large areal and highly crystalline h-BN films were obtained. The stoichiometric B/N ratio of borazine oligomer precursor was preserved in the final h-BN product such that it was close to 1 as revealed by XPS. Catalytic effect of nickel for h-BN formation was clearly demonstrated by lowering crystallization temperature compared to the growth condition in the absence of catalyst. The graphene field effect transistor (GFET) characterization has proved the high quality synthesis of h-BN films, showing the shift of neutrality point and the increase of the mobility. This method can also provide functional h-BN coating on various surfaces by annealing Ni-coated borazine oligomer films and subsequent removal of Ni catalyst.
Long-term MODIS observations of cyanobacterial dynamics in Lake Taihu: Responses to nutrient enrichment and meteorological factors
Authors: Shi Kun , Zhang Yunlin , Zhou Yongqiang , Liu Xiaohan , Zhu Guangwei , Qin Boqiang , Gao Guang
Published: January 2017

We developed and validated an empirical model for estimating chlorophyll a concentrations (Chla) in Lake Taihu to generate a long-term Chla and algal bloom area time series from MODIS-Aqua observations for 2003 to 2013. Then, based on the long-term time series data, we quantified the responses of cyanobacterial dynamics to nutrient enrichment and climatic conditions. Chla showed substantial spatial and temporal variability. In addition, the annual mean cyanobacterial surface bloom area exhibited an increasing trend across the entire lake from 2003 to 2013, with the exception of 2006 and 2007. High air temperature and phosphorus levels in the spring can prompt cyanobacterial growth, and low wind speeds and low atmospheric pressure levels favor cyanobacterial surface bloom formation. The sensitivity of cyanobacterial dynamics to climatic conditions was found to vary by region. Our results indicate that temperature is the most important factor controlling Chla inter-annual variability followed by phosphorus and that air pressure is the most important factor controlling cyanobacterial surface bloom formation followed by wind speeds in Lake Taihu.
Etalon Array Reconstructive Spectrometry
Authors: Huang Eric , Ma Qian , Liu Zhaowei
Published: January 2017

Compact spectrometers are crucial in areas where size and weight may need to be minimized. These types of spectrometers often contain no moving parts, which makes for an instrument that can be highly durable. With the recent proliferation in low-cost and high-resolution cameras, camera-based spectrometry methods have the potential to make portable spectrometers small, ubiquitous, and cheap. Here, we demonstrate a novel method for compact spectrometry that uses an array of etalons to perform spectral encoding, and uses a reconstruction algorithm to recover the incident spectrum. This spectrometer has the unique capability for both high resolution and a large working bandwidth without sacrificing sensitivity, and we anticipate that its simplicity makes it an excellent candidate whenever a compact, robust, and flexible spectrometry solution is needed.
Effect of nonreactive kaolinite on 4-chloronitrobenzene reduction by Fe(ii) in goethite–kaolinite heterogeneous suspensions
Authors: Strehlau Jennifer H. , Schultz Jonathan D. , Vindedahl Amanda M. , Arnold William A. , Penn R. Lee
Published: January 2017

This work demonstrates that even nonreactive clays may influence outcomes of natural attenuation in contaminated groundwater by iron oxide nanoparticles.
Rapid open-air deposition of uniform, nanoscale, functional coatings on nanorod arrays
Authors: Musselman K. P. , Muñoz-Rojas D. , Hoye R. L. Z. , Sun H. , Sahonta S.-L. , Croft E. , Böhm M. L. , Ducati C. , MacManus-Driscoll J. L.
Published: January 2017

A rapid, open-air technique for the scalable deposition of coatings uniformly conformal to high-aspect-ratio nanorod arrays is demonstrated.
Rearrangement of van der Waals stacking and formation of a singlet state at T = 90 K in a cluster magnet
Authors: Sheckelton John P. , Plumb Kemp W. , Trump Benjamin A. , Broholm Collin L. , McQueen Tyrel M.
Published: January 2017

A change of van der Waals stacking occurs spontaneously at 90 K in a cluster magnet.
A microporous Mg2+ MOF with cation exchange properties in a single-crystal-to-single-crystal fashion
Authors: Papazoi Eleutheria , Douvali Antigoni , Rapti Sofia , Skliri Euaggelia , Armatas Gerasimos S. , Papaefstathiou Giannis S. , Wang Xin , Huang Zhen-Feng , Kaziannis Spyridon , Kosmidis Constantine , Hatzidimitriou Antonios G. , Lazarides Theodore , Manos Manolis J.
Published: January 2017

A microporous Mg2+ MOF shows single-crystal-to-single-crystal exchange of Mg2+ by Cu2+ ions.
Spectroscopic observation of two-center three-electron bonded (hemi-bonded) structures of (H2S)n+ clusters in the gas phase
Authors: Wang Dandan , Fujii Asuka
Published: January 2017

The presence of a two-center three-electron (2c–3e) bonded (hemi-bonded) ion core in the (H2S)n+ cluster is revealed by infrared spectroscopy combined with ab initio calculations. The stability of the hemi-bonded ion core to solvation is also proved.
A germanium nanoparticles/molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) nanocomposite as a high-capacity, high-rate anode material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Hsieh Meng-Hsun , Li Guo-An , Chang Wei-Chung , Tuan Hsing-Yu
Published: January 2017

A facile synthesis of Ge/MoS2 nanocomposites is developed by blending Ge nanoparticles into MoS2 nanosheets in solution at room temperature followed by annealing at 350 °C.
Advanced oil sorbents using sequential infiltration synthesis
Authors: Barry Edward , Mane Anil U. , Libera Joseph A. , Elam Jeffrey W. , Darling Seth B.
Published: January 2017

Disasters on the scale of the Exxon Valdez and Deepwater Horizon serve as harrowing reminders of the devastating effects uncontrolled oil spills have on the environment.
Insights into the composition exploration of novel hydrogen storage alloys: evaluation of the Mg–Ni–Nd–H phase diagram
Authors: Li Qian , Luo Qun , Gu Qin-Fen
Published: January 2017

In order to provide an efficient tool to explore alloy composition and processing conditions for Mg-based alloys with good hydriding/dehydriding (H/D) properties, investigation of the Mg–Ni–Nd–H quaternary system was carried out by experimental measurements and CALPHAD thermodynamic analysis combined with first-principles calculations.
A VLT-ULTRACAM study of the fast optical quasi-periodic oscillations in the polar V834 Centauri
Authors: Mouchet M. , Bonnet-Bidaud J.-M. , Van Box Som L. , Falize E. , Buckley D. A. H. , Breytenbach H. , Ashley R. P. , Marsh T. R. , Dhillon V. S.
Published: January 2017

Quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) of a few seconds have been detected in some polars, the synchronised subclass of cataclysmic systems containing a strongly magnetised white dwarf which accretes matter from a red dwarf companion. The QPOs are thought to be related to instabilities of a shock formed in the accretion column, close to the white dwarf photosphere above the impact region. We present optical observations of the polar V834 Centauri performed with the fast ULTRACAM camera mounted on the ESO-VLT simultaneously in three filters (u′, He iiλ4686,r′) to study these oscillations and characterise their properties along the orbit when the column is seen at different viewing angles. Fast Fourier transforms and wavelet analysis have been performed and the mean frequency, rms amplitude, and coherence of the QPOs are derived; a detailed inspection of individual pulses has also been performed. The observations confirm the probable ubiquity of the QPOs for this source at all epochs when the source is in a high state, with observed mean amplitude of 2.1% (r′), 1.5% (He ii), and 0.6% (u′). The QPOs are present in ther′ filter at all phases of the orbital cycle, with a higher relative amplitude around the maximum of the light curve. They are also detected in the He iiandu′ filters but at a lower level. Trains of oscillations are clearly observed in ther′ light curve and can be mimicked by a superposition of damped sinusoids with various parameters. The QPO energy distribution is comparable to that of the cyclotron flux, consistent for ther′ and He iifilters but requiring a significant dilution in theu′ filter. New 1D hydrodynamical simulations of shock instabilities, adapted to the physical parameters ofV834 Cen, can account for the optical QPO amplitude and X-ray upper limit assuming a cross section of the accretion column in the range ~(4 − 5) × 1014cm2. However, the predicted frequency is larger than the observed one by an order of magnitude. This shortcoming indicates that the QPO generation is more complex than that produced in a homogeneous column and calls for a more realistic 3D treatment of the accretion flow in future modelling.
Sub-nano tesla magnetic imaging based on room-temperature magnetic flux sensors with vibrating sample magnetometry
Authors: Adachi Yoshiaki , Oyama Daisuke
Published: January 2017

We developed a two-dimensional imaging method for weak magnetic charge distribution using a commercially available magnetic impedance sensor whose magnetic field resolution is 10 pT/Hz1/2 at 10 Hz. When we applied the vibrating sample magnetometry, giving a minute mechanical vibration to the sample and detecting magnetic signals modulated by the vibration frequency, the effects of 1/f noise and the environmental low-frequency band noise were suppressed, and a weak magnetic charge distribution was obtained without magnetic shielding. Furthermore, improvement in the spatial resolution was also expected when the signals were demodulated at the second harmonic frequency of the vibration. In this paper, a preliminary magnetic charge imaging using the vibrating sample magnetometry and its results are demonstrated.
Temperature dependence of the spin Seebeck effect in [Fe3O4/Pt]n multilayers
Authors: Ramos R. , Kikkawa T. , Anadón A. , Lucas I. , Uchida K. , Algarabel P. A. , Morellón L. , Aguirre M. H. , Saitoh E. , Ibarra M. R.
Published: January 2017

We report temperature dependent measurements of the spin Seebeck effect (SSE) in multilayers formed by repeated growth of a Fe3O4/Pt bilayer junction. The magnitude of the observed enhancement of the SSE, relative to the SSE in the single bilayer, shows a monotonic increase with decreasing the temperature. This result can be understood by an increase of the characteristic length for spin current transport in the system, in qualitative agreement with the recently observed increase in the magnon diffusion length in Fe3O4 at lower temperatures. Our result suggests that the thermoelectric performance of the SSE in multilayer structures can be further improved by careful choice of materials with suitable spin transport properties.
Computational analysis of transcranial magnetic stimulation in the presence of deep brain stimulation probes
Authors: Syeda F. , Holloway K. , El-Gendy A. A. , Hadimani R. L.
Published: January 2017

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation is an emerging non-invasive treatment for depression, Parkinson’s disease, and a variety of other neurological disorders. Many Parkinson’s patients receive the treatment known as Deep Brain Stimulation, but often require additional therapy for speech and swallowing impairment. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation has been explored as a possible treatment by stimulating the mouth motor area of the brain. We have calculated induced electric field, magnetic field, and temperature distributions in the brain using finite element analysis and anatomically realistic heterogeneous head models fitted with Deep Brain Stimulation leads. A Figure of 8 coil, current of 5000 A, and frequency of 2.5 kHz are used as simulation parameters. Results suggest that Deep Brain Stimulation leads cause surrounding tissues to experience slightly increased E-field (ΔEmax=30 V/m), but not exceeding the nominal values induced in brain tissue by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation without leads (215 V/m). The maximum temperature in the brain tissues surrounding leads did not change significantly from the normal human body temperature of 37 °C. Therefore, we ascertain that Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the mouth motor area may stimulate brain tissue surrounding Deep Brain Stimulation leads, but will not cause tissue damage.
Refinement of the magnetic composite model of type 304 stainless steel by considering misoriented ferromagnetic martensite particles
Authors: Kinoshita Katsuyuki
Published: January 2017

We improved a magnetic composite model that combines the Jiles−Atherton model and Eshelby’s equivalent inclusion method to consider misoriented martensite particles. The magnetic permeability of type 304 stainless steel were analyzed by using both experimental data on the orientation distribution of type 304 stainless steel specimens and the improved model. We found that the model is able to qualitatively explain the variation of permeability with the orientation angle and orientation distribution, an effect that depends on the direction of the excitation magnetic field.
Narrative Research in Education
Authors: Clandinin D. Jean , Caine Vera , Jackson Margot
Published: January 2017

While the study of narratology has a long history, narrative research became a methodology for the study of phenomena in the social sciences in the 1980s. Since that time there has been what some have called a narrative revolution, which is reflected in the rapid uptake in the use of narrative methodology across disciplines. There are diverse definitions of narrative research with different ontological and epistemological commitments, which range from semiotic studies and discourse analysis of spoken and written text to analysis of textual structures of speech and performances of texts as in narrative analysis to the relational studies of narrative inquiry where a focus on lived and told experience is central.
A Social Network Perspective on Organizational Citizenship Behavior
Authors: Brass Daniel J.
Published: January 2017

This chapter provides a brief general primer on social network theory and how it might be applied to organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) as an alternative perspective to the undersocialized (isolated individual) and oversocialized (norm and culture) views of behavior in organizations. I identify social network relationships that are likely to affect the performance and receipt of OCBs and propose a model of the diffusion of OCBs through an organization, noting differences between organizational networks such as cliques and core-periphery structures. In the process, I attempt to identify research questions that may be of interest to both academics and managers. The overarching goal is to provide readers with enough information to apply a social network perspective to OCB.
Rethinking Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Service Organizations: Its Nature and Conceptualization
Authors: Somech Anit , Drach-Zahavy Anat
Published: January 2017

This chapter focuses on the phenomenon of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in the context of service organizations. Specifically, our aim was to challenge the common approach to OCB by delineating the unique characteristics of service organizations. The chapter begins by capturing the distinctive features of services: their intangibility, inseparability, and heterogeneity. Next, we argue that these characteristics compel service organizations to rely primarily on their employees’ OCBs. Paradoxically, the more committed managers are to service delivery, the less control they have over service quality compared with their counterparts in manufacturing. We then discuss how service characteristics shape the nature of OCB in this unique context and propose an integrated typology for better understanding OCB in service organizations.
Black American Social Identity and Its Blackness
Authors: McPherson Lionel K.
Published: January 2017

Understanding black American social identity has suffered from association with the race idea. Being black American is not a racial designation. The tendency to reduce color-conscious social identity to racial classification is a mistake. Black American social identity gets its “blackness” from traceable African ancestry and is marked by the legacy of slavery. Yet being black American has become an elective identity: Americans with visible African ancestry no longer must count as black. But this hardly threatens black social identity and black solidarity, which continue to represent resistance to dishonor and mistreatment attaching to blackness in the United States.
Exploring the Matter of Race
Authors: Ferguson Stephen C.
Published: January 2017

The biological fact of race and the social myth of racial inequality can be examined from a Marxist philosophical perspective. A materialist philosophical perspective on the social ontology of race, includes due consideration given to the material context of social relations of production and the State as an instrument of the ruling class. A Marxist analysis renders capitalism as context and determinate ground for the explanation of racism on a materialist basis. The result is that race and/or racism should not be posited theoretically as having an independent life and force of its own.
Between Reconstruction and Elimination
Authors: Carter Jacoby Adeshei
Published: January 2017

Alain Locke assessed the anthropological theories of race in his day and rejected the idea that race was causally related to culture. Locke argued further that scientific theories of race were not always the best theories for understanding the phenomena of race. His solution was to develop a concept of ethnic/social race, and his account is still relevant to contemporary philosophy of race. Locke distinguishes between three primary conceptions of race: theoretical or anthropological, political, and social. Locke separates conceptually his analysis of the underlying social, political, and economic causes of social differentiation, which produce various social groupings including races, from the socially imbedded and encoded practices, and epistemological standpoints that inform the phenomena of race contacts and interracial relations.
Entering into an Indigenous Cypher
Authors: Fox Karen
Published: January 2017

Although music-dance making would seem, intuitively, to be part of leisure studies, music and dance very seldom appear beyond the simple form of “activity” and rarely as music-dance making. Many Indigenous peoples conceptualize music-dance making as essential to life, knowledge, and taking care of the earth and cosmos. Seeking insight and wisdom from Indigenous practices and words, this chapter enacts maieutic listening to engage with Indigenous music-dance making that has sustained and nourished Indigenous Kanaka Maoli, Kanaka ‘Ōiwi, and Diné peoples for generations. The aim of the discussion is to gesture to social and political insights that can emerge through dialogue between Indigenous music-dance making and knowledge systems and Western leisure: a dialogue that unprivileges Western leisure. As Indigenous initiatives related to sovereignty, self-determination, and concern for the earth crisscross the world, the presence, power, and survivance of Indigenous music-dance making, as an integral component challenges, enriches, or changes how leisure is imagined and practiced.
The Musical Lives of Self-Confessed Nonmusicians
Authors: Henley Jennie
Published: January 2017

This chapter explores the musical lives of adults who do not class themselves as musicians. A U.K. research study investigating the learning processes within an ensemble found that many adults who learned to play an instrument in an ensemble not only did not class themselves as musicians, but they actively used nonmusical identities to continue and deepen their engagement in adult music making. The chapter looks at the stories of some of the study’s participants. Musical opportunities in adulthood are considered and the socio-cultural environment of an ensemble is discussed through the lens of Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT). The concept of possible selves as a motivator in learning is considered in relation to theoretical perspectives of musical identity. Then, the music lives of different adults are viewed through a framework of being a musician. Finally, ways are considered in which different possible selves and nonmusical identities drive music making.
Amateur and Professional Music Making at Dartington International Summer School
Authors: Ruck Keene Hermione , Green Lucy
Published: January 2017

Music summer schools in the United Kingdom offer a holiday context for “serious leisure” for amateurs, and high-level tuition for aspiring professionals. The majority exist in distinct spaces for either the vocational or avocational musician; Dartington International Summer School is anomalous in that it is attended by amateur, aspiring professional and professional musicians. Theories of leisure as symbol, play, and the other, and Bahktin’s theory of the “carnivalesque” are used in this chapter as lenses to view participant experience. Mantie’s concept of the learner-participant dichotomy sheds light on the clashes and complementarity arising from the differing intentions of the participants. The chapter discusses how the leisure-learning context of the summer school impacts on participants’ musical identity, and can serve both to challenge and reinforce hierarchical status relationships between vocational and avocational musicians.
“DJ Hit That Button”
Authors: Rambarran Shara
Published: January 2017

Music making and leisure in the digital age are challenging and exciting for various reasons. For example, someone who may not be a specialist in music can create music, such as the laptop musician. This chapter explores why the amateur laptop musician participates in making music for leisure. The concept of the amateur musician, as well as the amateur laptop musician is examined. The appeal of amateur laptop musicians is considered: are they demonstrating their virtual music collection, or are they gaining a skill in making music? Music that has been composed and performed on a laptop has resulted in mixed reactions from the producers, consumers, and audience. Therefore, this chapter discusses whether the amateur laptop musician can be considered a serious musician and whether laptop music has changed our perception on music and performance in culture and society.
The Beat of a Different Drummer
Authors: Lashua Brett
Published: January 2017

What does music making “look” like when viewed from a leisure studies perspective and the point of view of a drummer as participant observer? This chapter reports on four years of ethnographic research in Liverpool during which the author participated in a number of popular music groups as a drummer. The chapter is presented as an EP-style track listing that spotlights sites of music making and leisure practices in the production of this characterful city. In addition to the neglected experiences of drummers in popular music and leisure studies, it argues that rehearsal spaces also offer opportunities to explore the relations of music making, leisure, cities, place, regeneration, and social identities. Throughout, the chapter shows how a leisure perspective opens up different views of music making in terms of social, historical, political, and economic relations. Such a perspective, especially from a drummer’s-eye view, showcases the worthiness of researching music making as leisure.
Italian Amateur Pop-Rock Musicians on Facebook
Authors: Trobia Alberto , Lo Verde Fabio M.
Published: January 2017

This chapter investigates how and why amateur musicians use social networking sites, employing a mixed-methods approach. Attention is focused on four big Italian Facebook communities of pop-rock musicians: drums, bass, guitar, and keyboard players (overall, 2,101 active users), analyzing the relational and textual data extracted from the web. The chapter analyzes the network structures emerging from the interactions among the users. It also identifies and maps the main areas of discussion (sound shaping, studio recording, marketplace, musical references, computer production, and relations) and the latent semantic dimension characterizing Facebook users’ activities, through social network analysis and lexical correspondence analysis. Meanings, values, aesthetics, and representations of amateur music making, emerging from the data, are framed within two orthogonal dimensions: theory versus praxis, and competence versus music production. The Italian singularity is then explained with respect to this space. Some theoretical conclusions are finally drawn.
Popular Music Making and Young People
Authors: Moir Zack
Published: January 2017

Many young people are involved in music making activities that may be considered as “leisure,” such as playing in bands, making recordings, or live performance. Music making, when considered as a leisure activity, is a cultural or social phenomenon that enjoys an interesting and complex relationship with education and industry. First, this chapter explores the ways in which young people engage with popular music making as leisure and leisure-education by considering the nature of musical activities that are self-directed, self-funded, and fuelled principally by the enthusiasm and autodidacticism of the participants. Second, consideration is given to the ecology of informal music making among young people with specific focus on the development of skills, competencies and creativities, and the economic, commercial, and professional pressures to monetise musical activity.
Jack London as Playwright
Authors: Adams George
Published: January 2017

Even though London wrote plays during most of his career as a writer, from 1905 to 1915, it still comes as a surprise to most readers that he did so. And even after the publication of Reynolds’s The Plays of Jack London in 2000, there is still little attention paid to London as a playwright. This essay provides the first critical overview of that work in relation to his efforts in other genres. Much work still remains to be done on the evaluation of the totality of his work, taking into account London’s dismissal of his plays; his willingness to work with collaborators; his reiterated claim that he could not judge his own work; and the politics, philosophy, and esthetic principles underlying their messages, implicitly or explicitly expressed, in relation to the larger context of American drama in the period 1900–1918, particularly the most successful plays.
Making Sense of Jack London’s Confusion of Genres in The Sea-Wolf
Authors: Petersen Per Serritslev
Published: January 2017

I discuss the philosophical significance of the generic confusions in Jack London’s novel The Sea-Wolf (1904). Drawing on a generous array of genres and scenarios, London asks his prospective reader to try and make sense of this complexity, either as “the superficial reader” of the sea romance or as “the deeper reader,” who is promised “the bigger thing lying underneath.” But what exactly is that bigger thing, the philosophical message, hidden by the generic complexity of the narrative, which will eventually necessitate a kind of deus-ex-machina authorial intervention when the sea romance is jeopardized by the demonic superman (and rapist) Wolf Larsen. By way of conclusion, I discuss the existential dilemma that London faced in The Sea-Wolf and in most of his work its philosophical formula articulated in Jules de Gaultier’s bovarysme and the war against reality, the Medusa-Truth.