bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROTECTION OF THE SUBJECTIVE RIGHTS OF A PERSON IN THE COURT OF ARBITRATION
Authors: Molodcova Marina
Published: June 2020

The importance of the work manifests in the study of the right of individuals to the protection of their interests in the court of arbitration, and as a result, new theoretical and practical conclusions are offered. Dispute settlement in the court of arbitration is usually characterised by three positive aspects: comparatively short dispute settlement time, lower costs, and confidentiality. Still, the environment of the Latvian courts of arbitration has earned a negative image, and their quick judgements are not always objective and fair. In Latvia, the number of studies in this field is small; studying issues related to courts of arbitration mostly gained popularity during the period when changes in the laws and regulations or passing a new Arbitration Law was planned. Studies where the practice of other countries in relation to courts of arbitration is explored primarily tend to analyse and study the international institute of the court of arbitration. The normative regulations that governs the operation of courts of arbitration in the latest years has been improved and developed; however, in general it does not form a positive legal practice. The research aim is to study the topic, individuals’ right to the protection of their interests in the court of arbitration, find problems and shortcomings, as well as offer a solution. The research object is civil judicial remedy for protecting individual’s interests, whereas the research subject is the individuals’ rights to the protection of their interests in the court of arbitration. The following scientific research methods have been used in the development of research work: special methods: grammatical method, analytical method, systemic method, historical method, teleological method, comparative method, semantic method; general scientific methods: inductive method and deductive method.
CIVIL GUARANTEE OF THE CHURCH'S MARRIAGE
Authors: Romane Zane
Published: June 2020

Marriage has existed as a method of regulating relations since the beginning of humanity. In Latvia, marriage can be concluded at a registry office or by the clergy. During the study it was found out that concluding a marriage in church and civil marriage is contradictory. It is possible that a married couple that concluded their marriage in church get divorced in accordance with the civil law, but in accordance with the canon law they are still married.
EXERCISE RIGHT OF PRE-EMPTION FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MUNICIPAL FUNCTIONS
Authors: Siliņš Rolands
Published: June 2020

There are identified problems in regulatory framework, for example, there is a possibility of circumventing the decisions of the municipality to exercise the right of pre-emption. Municipality can’t use the right of pre-emption of proportion real estate. Research contain original solutions of regulatory framework improvement.
TEMPORARY PROTECTION AGAINST DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
Authors: Stepule Inese
Published: June 2020

Due to social and economic changes in society, a person's ability to adapt to changing living conditions has diminished. If a person cannot adapt himself, the people around him, especially family members, suffer from this. These sufferings include such shortcomings as violence, trauma, sexual exploitation of children, etc. The study deals with temporary protection against domestic violence. The topic is relevant, since domestic violence is one of the main public health problems. Every year, a large number of people suffer from domestic violence throughout the world. Unfortunately in Latvia compared to other countries of the European Union, domestic violence is a very big problem. Not only women, but also children, the elderly, as well as men, suffer from domestic violence.
LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR APARTMENT HOUSE TO CONTACT LAND RENTAL
Authors: Stradiņa Sintija
Published: June 2020

The traditional form of home ownership belongs to both the house and the land on which it is built. The problem of shared property is particularly painful for the inhabitants of privatized apartment houses, which makes it difficult to use the property. It creates insurmountable conflicts between the apartment owners and land owners. It is therefore important to draw the public's attention to finding the optimal solution to end such relationships.
UNDERSTANDING OF MEDICAL COERCIVE MEASURES IN CRIMINAL LAW
Authors: Timofejeva Rudīte
Published: June 2020

Medical coercive measures. The topic, which is actual in Latvia, has not been studied widely, because there are enough cases in the daily world where a person is not criminally prosecuted due to mental disorder or mental backwardness, i.e. not punished for committing a criminal offence, but is treated under appropriate conditions. The fundamental principles of psychiatric assistance in the application of coercive measures of a medical nature are legality, humanity, respect for the rights of man and citizen. Describe and investigate the nature, purpose, legal framework and existing forms of application of coercive measures of a medical nature in the sense of criminal law from a theoretical point of view.
CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ILLEGAL CROSSING THE STATE BORDER
Authors: Trukšāns Aivis
Published: June 2020

The author of the publication, selected the topic “Criminal responsibility for the illegal crossing the State border” for his publication. The subject of the publication is important, because in the search for better quality of life, a large number of immigrants try to enter the European Union illegally. The purpose of the publication is to explore and clarify what forms of criminal liability exist when crossing the national border illegally and what is the problem of criminalization in the process. The following tasks were highlighted for drawing up the publication: to study clarification of the concept of the State border in connection with criminal responsibility for illegally crossed State border; to carry out an analysis of procedural issues in pre-trial criminal proceedings and judicial proceedings. Conduct a penal policy analysis, determination of the problems of application of penalties.
CONCEPT OF PATIENT’S ADVANCE EXPRESSED WILL
Authors: Volodjko Dagnija
Published: June 2020

The patient may be found in a situation where he can no longer make decisions because of an accident or illness. It is considered that the decision on treatment admit in the best interests of the patient, but without certain written instructions it is almost impossible. The patient's advance expressed will is the way in which any person can express the exact wishes of treatment for particular situations at a time when patient can’t made the decision. There is a need to respect to the principle of self-determination, where the patient has the right to know all the information about his state of health and he can determine in what situations he agrees or prohibits certain medical examinations, treatments or interventions. In Latvia, the idea of the patient's advance expressed will has been not many research and not implemented, so the work gives an insight into the concept and content of the patient's advance expressed will.
DAUGAVPILS MUSIC DRAMATIC THEATER FOUNDATION TOTALITY OF DOCUMENTS AS HISTORY TESTIMONIES
Authors: Kašerina Svetlana
Published: June 2020

A modern man has many opportunities to go into his own nation, country, cultural history, explore and study historical evidence in different areas. The theater in Latvia, in turn, is a serious cultural heritage that every inhabitant of Latvia can be proud of. The author will look at the Daugavpils Musical Drama Theater Foundation. The documents of the Daugavpils Musical Drama Theater provide evidence of a significant stage in Latvian history, which is of interest to the modern society.
DOCUMENT MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS IN EU STRUCTURAL FUNDS PROJECTS IN LATVIA
Authors: Vasiļjeva Ilga
Published: June 2020

The role of the EU Structural Funds in the national economy of Latvia is significant, yet document management problems in the projects funded by the EU Structural Funds have been little researched. In the period 2007-2019, a gradual transition to electronic project document management occurred in Latvia. The present research performed a comparative analysis of tender documents submitted for ERDF calls for project proposals for the programming periods of 2007–2013 and 2014–2020. The research found that the range of tender documents for ERDF calls for project proposals to be submitted by organisations is strictly regulated in a particular period, yet there are general instructions on how to prepare documents in accordance with the relevant legal framework of the Republic of Latvia. Organisations have to create document management systems to enhance the preparation and management of ERDF project proposal documents.
Peculiarities of antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from nosocomial infections
Authors: Atakishizade S A
Published: June 2020

Aim. To study of the antibiotic resistance of S. aureus strains isolated from nosocomial infections (pneumonia, surgical site infections and sepsis) in a multidisciplinary surgical clinic.

Methods. Microbiological testing of sputum in 41 patients with pneumonia, of samples (wound, abscess, drainage) obtained from 40 patients with surgical site infections (SSI) and of blood from 46 patients with signs of sepsis was performed. The obtaining cultures were identified by conventional methods (including morphological, cultural, biochemical features, etc.). Disc diffusion method was used to detect methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains. Inducible clindamycin resistance (ICR) of S. aureus strains was determined by double disk approximation test (D-test).

Results. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus was found in 14.3% (2 of 14) of the patients with surgical site infections, in the sputum 27.3% (3 of 11) of the patients with pneumonia, and in the blood 50.0% (7 of 14) of the patients with sepsis (p 0.05). The rate of inducible clindamycin resistance of isolated S. aureus strains in patients with surgical site infections (2 of 14 cases, 14.3%) and with pneumonia (2 of 11 cases, 18.2%) did not statistically significant difference with the rate of methicillin resistance (p 0.05). However the rate was significantly lower septic infections 7.1% and 50.0% respectively (p=0.0328).

Conclusion. Among S. aureus strains isolated from nosocomial infections, the rate of methicillin-resistant S. aureus had not depended on the type of nosocomial infection; the rate of inducible clindamycin resistance in septic infections was lower than resistance to methicillin.
Studying of biofilm formation by clinical strains of Candida albicans in interaction with Fusarium solani to predict the severity of atopic dermatitis
Authors: Lisovskaya S A , Valieva R I , Sharifullina A A , Fayzullina E V , Khismatullina I M , Khaldeeva E V , Isaeva G Sh
Published: June 2020

Aim. To assess the ability to form biofilms by clinical strains of the yeast Candida albicans isolated from patients with atopic dermatitis in exacerbation and remission stages under the effect of Fusarium solani micromycete and its absence.

Methods. The study included 70 strains of C. albicans and one strain of F. solani. Fungal biofilms formed according to the method of Ramage. The optical density of the biofilms measured using a micro plate reader at 620 nm. The effect of associated fungi on the biofilm-forming properties of C. albicans strains was studied by an extract from opportunistic F. solani fungi.

Results. The greatest biofilm formation was observed in strains isolated at the remission stage. The strains isolated in the acute period were inferior to them in the ability to form biofilms (average values of film formation were 0.143 and 0.087, respectively). Co-cultivation of C. albicans strains with F. solani fungus extract stimulated biofilm formation of C. albicans strains at a concentration of 1:10.

Conclusion. This study showed a possible synergism between C. albicans and F. solani in polymicrobial skin infections, because the products of the fungus F. solani increase one of the virulence factors of the fungus C. albicans; the possibility to assess of a stimulating effect of associated fungi on the virulence one of an agent of infectious disease process will allow predicting the disease severity.
Analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes mutations in breast cancer patients in an experiment
Authors: Saрtarova L M , Cogina E N , Khasanshina L M , Galimov Sh N
Published: June 2020

Aim. To assess the presence of mutations based on the analysis of the prevalence of polymorphisms in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in patients admitted to the Republican clinical Oncology dispensary of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Bashkortostan with breast cancer.

Methods. 137 patients with breast cancer aged 25 to 80 years underwent molecular genetic testing to detect BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations by using allele-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction. Venous blood from 105 healthy donors was used as a control group.

Results. The study of genetic modifiers of cancer risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers revealed mutations in the genes BRCA1 185delAG, 4153delA, 5382insC, T300G and BRCA2-6174 del T, which help identify genetic susceptibility to breast cancer (NSCLC). The most common form of genetic variation in patients with breast cancer was 5382insC mutation in BRCA1 gene, which was 14.59% of the total number of examined patients and 90% of the total number of positive results. BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes mutations lead to producing truncated protein, which cannot properly perform its functions and ensure DNA cell stability.

Conclusion. Considering high breast cancer risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes mutations carriers, our results show the advisability of including screening for 5382insC, 4153delA and T300G mutations in the BRCA1 gene to the screening programs for determining the risk of breast cancer.
Dental status of professional athletes
Authors: Hajiyev J G
Published: June 2020

Aim. To reveal the rate and severity of clinical manifestations of common dental diseases and dentofacial anomalies in professional athletes

Methods. The effect of intense physical exertion and overtraining syndrome on the state of the organs and tissues of the dental system were examined in 200 professional athletes aged 1825 years between 2014 and 2016. Five groups where each has the same number of athletes (n=40) included: team sport athletes (volleyball, handball), martial arts athletes (wrestling, boxing), gymnasts, swimmers, athletes. The control group consisted of 40 individuals who were not professionally involved in sports. The state of the oral cavity, in particular periodontal tissues, was judged by changes in the following indicators: prevalence of dentofacial anomalies, the incidence of dental caries, state of the oral cavity hygienic using by simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S) ( Green J.С., Vermillion J.R., 1963), degree of gums bleeding by using the MuhlemannCowell bleeding index, degrees of severity of periodontopathy by using the papillary-marginal alveolar index (RMA) [Massler, Schour (1949) in Parma modification (1960)].

Results. According to the values of the simplified oral hygiene index the worst state of the oral cavity hygienic was in wrestlers (2.120.022 points) and boxers (2.030.029) compared to the control group (1.620.026, p=0.049 and p=0.001, respectively). Catarrhal gingivitis and generalized chronic periodontitis are most often diagnosed in the groups of wrestling (82.56.01%), gymnastics (77.56.60%), boxing (70.07.25%) and swimming (70.07.25%). Dentoalveolar anomalies were more often detected in boxers (77.5% of cases, p=0.001) and in gymnasts (34.0%, p=0.365) compared to the control group. In these groups, diastema was also more often diagnosed.

Conclusion. Periodontal inflammation indicators were higher in wrestlers and gymnasts groups compared to the dental status of all other groups of athletes; caries and maximum level of dental anomalies are more common for boxers.
Chronic bacterial prostatitis associated with androgen deficiency
Authors: Zubkov A Yu , Antonov N A
Published: June 2020

Inflammation of the prostate gland occupies a significant proportion of inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system. According to J.Potts et al. (2007), prostatitis is detected in 510% of the general male population. Today, one of the main problems associated with prostatitis is the narrowly targeted, often unwarranted treatment with its antibacterial drugs without taking into account the multifactorial nature of the pathogenesis and androgen dependence of the prostate gland. As a result, this leads to ineffective treatment of prostatitis amid growing antibiotic resistance. In turn, recent studies demonstrate key issues of testosterone and prostate gland relationship. These researches show that prostate metabolism is dependent on testosterone levels. The level of the hormone affects the course of chronic inflammation in the prostatic tissues. And also, that the number of bacterial agents that provoke pathological processes in the prostatic parenchyma directly depends on the degree of decrease in testosterone levels. This point of view is also supported by other studies. It was found that most patients with inflammation of the prostate gland had androgen deficiency, and correction of testosterone levels of these patients was highly effective in the treatment of chronic prostatitis. Thus, the androgen dependence of the prostate gland and the effect of hypogonadism on the incidence of prostatic parenchymal inflammatory changes allow us to radically revise the approach to the diagnosis and treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis. The development and implementation of new algorithms in which the diagnosis and subsequent correction of concomitant androgenic are becoming a promising direction for this group of patients.
Organizational and technological algorithm of primary specialized health care at cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Abramov A Yu , Goloshchapov-Aksenov R S , Kicha D I , Rukodayny O V
Published: June 2020

Aim. To develop an algorithm for primary specialized cardiovascular care with a priority of endovascular strategy.

Methods. The study was conducted in 20182019 based on the Central Clinical Hospital Russian Railways-Medicine and 14 polyclinics in the regions of the Russian Federation. The subject of the study is cardiovascular surgeons (n=2), possessing the skills of endovascular care. The object of the study was patients (n=1018) attended regional polyclinics of the Russian Federation. Patients were divided into two groups: group A consisting of 673 patients with clinically significant atherosclerosis of the coronary, brachiocephalic and peripheral arteries and abdominal aortic aneurysm; group B consisting of 345 patients with chronic lower limb ischemia that does not require surgical treatment. The average age of patients in group A was 696.1 years, in group B 637.2 years. There were 467 men in group A (69.4%), and 339 in group B (98.3%). An organizational and technological algorithm was developed to improve the primary specialized cardiovascular care. The results were assessed by the presence of outcomes (heart attack, stroke, bleeding, death), the availability of endovascular care and patient survival follow up 12 and 24 months. A content analysis of scientific publications on the issue under study has been performed.

Results. An organizational and technological algorithm of primary specialized cardiovascular care has been developed, including the activities of the cardiovascular surgeon, who has the skills of endovascular care and a nurse in an outpatient clinic. The implementation of the algorithm ensured continuity, 100% availability, safety and quality of cardiovascular care using endovascular technology. Outcomes are not registered in both groups. Both patient groups showed 100% one and two-year survival.

Conclusion. The developed algorithm of primary specialized cardiovascular care has provided high quality healthcare.
The pride of the Kazan school of microbiology is Professor Rudolf Robertovich Geltzer and his students (on the 130th anniversary)
Authors: Isaeva G Sh , Stremoukhova M V , Bazikov I A , Kartashev I V , Kartashev A V
Published: June 2020

The article was prepared for the 130th anniversary of the Head of the Department of Microbiology of Kazan State Medical University, Professor Rudolf Robertovich Geltzer. The milestones of R.R.Geltzers biography, and highlights the historical aspects of the formation of the Kazan school of microbiologists, which he represented are shown. The paper was prepared using primary sources scientific articles and monographs published in the period of his activity, memories of colleagues from the Stavropol State Medical University, archival materials of the Department of Microbiology named after V.M.Aristovsky of Kazan State Medical University, as well as the National Archives of the Republic of Tatarstan. The main scientific achievements of R.R.Geltzer and his scientific contribution to the development of microbiology as one of the founders of the teaching of spirochetosis are described. The description of experimental studies on the development of culture medium for the isolation of Treponema pallidum, the search methods for diagnosing syphilis and other aspects of the scientific activity of R.R.Geltzer and his students is presented.
Change in Muscle Stiffness Using Shear Wave Elastography, Range of Motion,
and Perceived Pain Following a Cupping Therapy Treatment in Physically Active Adults
Authors: McCullough Molly
Published: June 2020

Introduction- Cupping therapy originated in Eastern medicine practices,
became renowned in international sports, and is now utilized as a therapeutic device for treating
musculoskeletal issues in a wide variety of physically active individuals. As with any modality,
there is a question of efficacy. This study focused on the effect of cupping therapy on muscle
stiffness (MS), active dorsiflexion (DF), and perceived pain. Purpose- The
purpose of this study was to examine changes in MS, active DF, and perceived pain on the medial
gastrocnemius following a cupping therapy treatment. Methods- Twenty physically
active, healthy participants completed an exercise protocol to induce delayed onset muscle soreness
(DOMS) on both lower legs. Participants received a 5-minute cupping treatment on the dominant leg and
5-minutes of rest on the non-dominant leg. DF, MS, and perceived pain were measured at baseline,
pre-treatment, post treatment, and 5-minutes post treatment on the medial gastrocnemius muscle.
Statistical Analysis- A repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze the
main effect and interaction of the conditions and time. Results- Active
DF was significantly different from baseline to pre-treatment, post treatment, and 5-minute post
treatment (p < 0.001; p < 0.001, p = 0.01). Pre-treatment and 5-minute post treatment DF were
also significantly different (p = 0.05). Active DF was significantly higher at the post treatment and
5-minute post treatment measurements. MS was not significant at any of the time points (p = 0.398) nor
between conditions (p = 0.140). Baseline pain was significantly different than pre-treatment, post
treatment, and 5-minute post treatment measurements (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001).
Pre-treatment pain was significantly different than post treatment and 5-minute post treatment
(p = 0.09, p < 0.001). Post treatment pain was also significantly different than 5-minute post
treatment (p = 0.07). Conclusion- After a cupping treatment, active DF was
improved in the experimental leg. Participants also reported pain improved following the cupping
treatment. No significant difference in MS was observed following the treatment. Thus, a single cupping
therapy treatment is a useful modality for individuals experiencing pain and restrictions in ROM.
The Directed Forest Complex of Cayley Graphs
Authors: Courtney Kennedy
Published: June 2020

Let Γ be a directed graph. The directed forest complex, DF(Γ), is a simplicial complex whose
vertices are the edges of Γ and whose simplices are sets of edges that form a directed forest
in Γ. We study the directed forest complex of Cayley graphs of finite groups. The homology of
DF(Γ) contains information about the graph, Γ and about the group, G. The
ultimate goal is to classify DF(Γ) up to homotopy, compute its homology, and interpret the
findings in terms of properties of DF(Γ). In this thesis, we present progress made toward this goal.
Secure Network-on-Chip Against Black Hole and Tampering Attacks
Authors: Daoud Luka
Published: June 2020

The Network-on-Chip (NoC) has become the communication heart of Multiprocessors-System-on-Chip
(MPSoC). Therefore, it has been subject to a plethora of security threats to degrade the system
performance or steal sensitive information. Due to the globalization of the modern semiconductor
industry, many different parties take part in the hardware design of the system. As a result, the
NoC could be infected with a malicious circuit, known as a Hardware Trojan (HT), to leave a back
door for security breach purposes. HTs are smartly designed to be too small to be uncovered by
offline circuit-level testing, so the system requires an online monitoring to detect and prevent
the HT in runtime.

This dissertation focuses on HTs inside the router of a NoC designed by a third party. It explores
two HT-based threat models for the MPSoC, where the NoC experiences packet-loss and packet-tampering
once the HT in the infected router is activated and is in the attacking state. Extensive experiments
for each proposed architecture were conducted using a cycle-accurate simulator to demonstrate its
effectiveness on the performance of the NoC-based system.

The first threat model is the Black Hole Router (BHR) attack, where it silently discards the packets
that are passing through without further announcement. The effect of the BHR is presented and analyzed
to show the potency of the attack on a NoC-based system. A countermeasure protocol is proposed to detect
the BHR at runtime and counteract the deliberate packet-dropping attack with a 26.9% area overhead, an
average 21.31% performance overhead and a 22% energy consumption overhead. The protocol is extended to
provide an efficient and power-gated scheme to enhance the NoC throughput and reduce the energy consumption
by using end-to-end (e2e) approach. The power-gated e2e technique locates the BHR and avoids it with a 1%
performance overhead and a 2% energy consumption overhead.

The second threat model is a packet-integrity attack, where the HT tampers with the packet to apply a
denial-of-service attack, steal sensitive information, gain unauthorized access, or misroute the packet
to an unintended node. An authentic and secure NoC platform is proposed to detect and countermeasure the
packet-tampering attack to maintain data-integrity and authenticity while keeping its secrecy with a 24.21%
area overhead. The proposed NoC architecture is not only able to detect the attack, but also locates the
infected router and isolates it from the network.
Hot Spots of Crime
Authors: Armenta Rojas Karen Zahid
Published: June 2020

Provisions of the Clery Act require institutional reporting of crime on college campuses.
Using the Clery Act data from Boise State University in Boise, Idaho, this study examines
crime type fluctuation through seasonal patterns using a hot spot analysis. The data are
mapped to identify geospatial patterns of crime through the seasons. This study investigates
if certain crime types peak depending on the season and if the introduction of resident
housing locations shift hot spots around campus using 2012-2018 Boise State Crime Logs.
Results illustrate varying patterns of crime on campus through the seasons but general
stability in the spatial distribution of crime. These findings may help allocate resources
for campus safety most effectively across seasons.
Johnson’s formula to compare fetal weight with actual birth weight
Authors: Sehrawat Kashish , Madhav Panchanadikar Tushar
Published: June 2020

Accurate fetal weight assessment is a problem which is associated where resources are subject to availability. Both low and high birth weight is connected with augmented prospect of complications of new born during labour and purperium. Fetal weight assessment can reduce the risk of complications that are challenging in maternal and neonatal of Symphysio-fundal height measurement by adopting Johnson’s Formula. For the fetal weight estimation a method that has now come to be prevalent. By adopting Johnson’s formula along with its comparison to the actual birth weight. The present study thus aimed to determine fetal weight accuracy.

Present study of prospective analytical was accepted to in the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of a tertiary care hospital in Pune. Study included a total of 500 pregnant women attending the OPD with full term pregnancy till onset of labour, fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Adopting Johnson’s formula birth weight estimation has been done along with the results were correlated with definite birth weight. Using SPSS ver. 21.0 the analysis of Data had been performed.

As per the prediction of Mean birth weight by clinical (Johnson’s formulae) and actual birth weight was 3.13 Kg and 2.89 Kg correspondingly. Johnson’s formulae’s co-relates well with actual birth weight (r-0.86; 95% CI: 0.84-0.88), though prediction of fetal weight was slightly on a higher side. In 60.8% cases the difference was within range of 10% and in 84.8% the difference was less than 15%. The mean difference in estimation was highest in babies those are in low birth weight i.e. <2.5 Kg.

Our observation indicates that as a diagnostic tool there is visibly a role for clinical birthweight estimation, in a pregnancy term suggesting that, to manage labour as well as delivery clinical estimation is sufficient.
Fetal hypoxia: Temperature value for oxygen exchange, resistance to hypoxic damage, and diagnostics using a thermal imager
Authors: Urakov Aleksandr , Urakova Natalia
Published: June 2020

Modernization of obstetric care for fetal hypoxia is proposed by hyperventilating the mother's lungs with oxygen before the first symptoms of oxygen poisoning, General hypothermia of her body, and local hypothermia of the fetal head in the final period of delivery. The review shows the possibility of indirectly estimating the rate of oxygen exchange in the fetal cortex of brain by monitoring the local temperature of the head surface above the crevices and fontanels of the skull. It is shown that progress was achieved by using new data from ultrasound and infrared monitoring of fetal health.
Variant hook effect: A cause of false negative result in point of care testing
Authors: Preethi B , Singh Monu , Batra Achla , Pallavi
Published: June 2020

Beta Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (β hCG) assays are sandwich chromatographic immunoassays which give a false negative results at high hCG concentrations and also in the presence of variants of hCG like hyperglycosylated hCG and hCG core fragments. This is imperative in everyday clinical scenario as it delays the diagnosis of pregnancy and its related complications. We have discussed two such cases where in the first case the diagnosis of hydatidiform mole was delayed due hook effect whereas in the second case the diagnosis of GTD was missed because of variant hook effect.
Jawność danych dawców komórek rozrodczych i zarodków – wybrane zagadnienia
Authors: Czech Ewa Katarzyna
Published: June 2020

Problem jawności danych dawców komórek bądź zarodków jest tematem nabierającym większego znaczenia w praktyce prawniczej i doznaje aktualizacji przy orzeczeniach sądów podejmujących decyzje w tym zakresie, jak w przypadku sądu niemieckiego, potwierdzającego prawo osoby urodzonej z zastosowaniem metody in vitro poznania danych biologicznego ojca. Niniejsze opracowanie ma na celu zidentyfikowanie problemów prawnych wynikających głównie z unormowań zawartych w ustawie o leczeniu niepłodności oraz udzielenia odpowiedzi, czy dają one gwarancję zachowania anonimowości dawców.
Z badań nad miejskim kredytem hipotecznym w Kró- lestwie Polskim. Towarzystwo Kredytowe miasta Radomia i jego działalność pożyczkowa
Authors: Fermus-Bobowiec Anna
Published: June 2020

W artykule przedstawiona została działalność Towarzystwa Kredytowego miasta Radomia w latach 1898-1915, które było jednym z dwunastu towarzystw kredytowych miejskich, funkcjonujących w Królestwie Polskim. Stanowi ono tym samym reprezentatywny przykład formy instytucjonalnej miejskiego kredytu hipotecznego. Prezentacja Towarzystwa została przeprowadzona z uwzględnieniem aktualnego stanu badań nad miejskim kredytem hipotecznym w Królestwie Polskim, co pozwoliło stwierdzić, że działalność Towarzystwa Kredytowego miasta Radomia nie doczekała się dotąd żadnego opracowania. Autorka omówiła w artykule prawne mechanizmy funkcjonowania Towarzystwa, a zakres prowadzonej działalności kredytowej ukazany został na tle sytuacji gospodarczej Radomia i guberni radomskiej, z uwzględnieniem rezultatów osiąganych przez pozostałe Towarzystwa Kredytowe Miejskie w Królestwie Polskim. W ten sposób, artykuł stanowi uzupełnienie badań nad miejskim kredytem hipotecznym w Królestwie Polskim, wzbogacając je o Radomskie Towarzystwo Kredytowe.
Umowa o dożywocie w sferze wspólności majątkowej małżeńskiej
Authors: Tomczyk Adriana
Published: June 2020

W niniejszym artykule poddano analizie dopuszczalność zamiany wszystkich lub niektórych uprawnień objętych prawem dożywocia na dożywotnią rentę oraz rozwiązania umowy o dożywocie w sytuacji gdy po stronie zbywców lub nabywców nieruchomości występują małżonkowie pozostający we wspólności majątkowej małżeńskiej. Następnie określono skutki wyroku sądu zamieniającego uprawnienia objęte prawem dożywocia na dożywotnią rentę oraz wyroku sądu rozwiązującego umowę o dożywocie i wpływ regulacji Kodeksu rodzinnego i opiekuńczego na stosowanie przepisów Kodeksu cywilnego regulujących umowę o dożywocie.
Tension headache. State of the problem, new aspects of etiopathogenesis, neuroimaging possibilities, non-drug treatment methods (review)
Authors: Lepekhina A. S. , Pospelova M. L. , Efimtsev A. Yu. , Levchuk A. G. , Trufanov G. E. , Alekseeva T. M. , Piskovatskov D. V.
Published: June 2020

The prospects for the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging methods in the diagnosis of cognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders in patients with tension headaches are quite wide, as they allow a more detailed study of the pathogenesis of the above disorders. To date, the effectiveness of osteopathy in the treatment of patients with tension headaches has been shown. It remains an open question to develop a generally accepted method of diagnosis and treatment, including the use of complementary therapies, neuroimaging objectification and determination of the state of functional connections of the brain for more accurate diagnosis and prediction of treatment effectiveness. The present review summarizes the current ideas about the etiopathogenesis of tension headache (including the study of the functional connections of the brain) and available data on the clinical efficacy of osteopathic correction.
Do we need state and what for? The role of the state in the modern World
Authors: Sobczyński Marek
Published: June 2020

The state is subject of interest to many scientific disciplines: constitutional and international law, sociology, philosophy, administrative and political sciences, social psychology, economics, political and economic history, military sciences, regional studies and, of course, political geography and geopolitics. In the course of history, from ancient to modern times, the state was defined in very different ways. The author comes out in his deliberations from the analysis of the elements that make up the various definitions of the state. Then he reviews the classification of functions that the modern state fulfills and analyzes the way in which they are implemented in various countries around the world, trying to answer the question, is the state necessary for citizens and for what? Finally, the author draws attention to the frequent undertaking of the subject matter of the functioning of the state in the world’s belles-lettres in epic works and in dramas both in the past and nowadays. The last issue raised in the paper is the analysis of the functioning of unrecognized countries, mainly European ones, and what are the consequences of their exclusion from the international community influencing the life of their inhabitants, economy and functioning of their societies.
A historical and politico-geographical analysis of Hungarian-Polish border before 1939 in the Hungarian historical geography
Authors: Hajdú Zoltán
Published: June 2020

The historical development of the common borders took place in many respects simultaneously since the epoch of the two states’ establishment. The territories and borders of both states have greatly changed ever since, yet during the periods of joined kingdom the common borders always showed a high degree of stability.

The first description of the common state borders can be found in the Anonymous Latin Gesta by around 1200 AD. From the 15th century on, the Hungarian Parliament on several occasions appointed and sent different committees by legal acts to the borders of neighbouring countries, including Poland, in order to delimit or adjust its state borders.

Due to the threefold dissolution of the Polish State, the former common border fundamentally changed. After the First World War, the common state border between the reborn Poland and the historical Hungary completely vanished after the latter lost some two-thirds of its territory.

During the Second World War the common borders were restored for a short time through which thousands of Polish escaped to Hungary.

Thus, the partially shared state history and the changing (disappearing and reappearing) common state border represent an international singularity in many respects.
The Sikhs – religion and nation. Chosen political and social determinants of functioning
Authors: Barwiński Marek , Musiaka Łukasz
Published: June 2020

The article attempts to estimate the influence of the geographical and political conditions on the transformation of a Sikhs community after the decolonisation of India in 1947. The authors have used, among other things, the results of their own field research, statistical analysis and scientific works. The main aim of the paper is to explain the specificity of the functioning of Sikhs who despite extremely unfavourable geopolitical conditions and relatively small number have been able to maintain their own identity and achieve a level of social and economic development higher than average for India and Pakistan. Contemporary Sikhs are often perceived as both – a religious and national community. In general, their main characteristics are sharp cultural and moral distinction and very strong awareness of their identity. They manifestate strong bond to their region. Sikhs play crucial roles in social, political, and especially economic and military functioning of the state. Due to their concentration on the India-Pakistan borderland, strong militarisation and separatistic tendencies, Sikhs play crucial role in the domestic and foreign policy of India.
Mencari Model Pendidikan Karakter Di Sekolah
Authors: Tharaba M. Fahim
Published: June 2020

The focus of this research is looking for a character education model that was developed on the research site (MAN 3 Malang, SMAN 1 Malang and MA Pondok Pesantren An-Nur Malang Regency). The study used a qualitative approach or in the field of education is often called the naturalistic approach with purposif sampling techniques and snowball sampling techniques as well as sampling time (time sampling). The results of this research are as follows: (1) prioritized values in character education i.e. religious character, honest, discipline, hard work, tolerance, independent, love of homeland, democracy, cooperation, creative, taste of Inging Tau, appreciating achievement; (2) Character education models are conducted through integration into the learning activities of each subject; (3) Character Education Model is done through habituation in daily life in school/Madrasah and integration into school management activities/Madrasah; (4) Character education models are conducted through integration with extra-curricular activities on all three research sites; and (5) constraints encountered in the implementation of character education and solution of its resolution on the three research sites, namely in MA An-Nur Bululawang. The position of the attend which is at one Pesantren Foundation, which makes the policy making should always seek approval from the Pesantren. In addition, the time division of activities is also a constraint. While the character education in the MAN 3 Malang is considered as less effective because it can not be converted in real time in the book Raport and lack of monitoring and evaluation, so that the character education is still limited to normative. While the obstacles faced at SMAN 1 Malang in the form of lack of control and support from the student family, so that each child at home back "loose" can not be monitored as done in the Madrasah.
PRINCIP OČIGLEDNOSTI KROZ DELO „ORBIS SENSUALIUM PICTUS“
Authors: Tomčić Lana
Published: June 2020

Koreni današnjeg sistema obrazovanja potiču od jednog od najznačajnijih pedagoga svih vremena, Jana Amosa Komenskog (1592-1670). Cilj ovog rada jeste analiza primene principa očiglednosti u delu „Orbis sensualium pictus“ Jana Amosa Komenskog. Cilj se ostvaruje na teorijskom nivou, primenom metode teorijske analize i istorijske metode, uz tehniku analize sadržaja. U ovom radu poseban akcenat se stavlja na važnost Komenskog za formulisanje i primenu principa očiglednosti. Sredinom XVII veka Jan Amos Komenski je formulisao princip očiglednosti u delu „Velika didaktika“, nazivajući ga „zlatnim pravilom didaktike“. U radu se razmatraju misli Komenskog o značaju senzorne percepcije iznete u delu „Velika didaktika“, kao i objašnjenje opštepoznatog stava „da se pred čula iznosi što god se može“. U pogledu primene „zlatnog pravila didaktike“ posebna pažnja je posvećena delu „Orbis sensualium pictus“ („Svet u slikama“), prvom ilustrovanom udžbeniku za decu. U radu su predstavljene ilustracije pojedinih apstraktnih pojmova i elemenata udžbenika koji su značajni za izučavanje inovativnosti pristupa učenicima, sadržaju i primeni principa očiglednosti, kao što su: uvod, čula u čoveka, duša u čoveka, škola i učionica, moral. Nakon analize, izvodi se zaključak da je primenom principa očiglednosti u delu „Orbis sensualium pictus“ Komenski uspeo u zamisli da decu upozna ne samo sa spoljašnjim, već i sa unutrašnjim svojstvima posmatranih predmeta i pojava.
AKTUELNI KONCEPT RANE INTERVENCIJE U IDEJAMA KOMENSKOG
Authors: Velišek-Braško Otilia , Svilar Marija
Published: June 2020

Porodice dece koja su drugačija, imaju svoje specifičnosti, izazove i teškoće u ostvarivanju porodičnih funkcija, kao i u pružanju adekvatne podrške svom detetu u učenju i razvoju. Programi rane intervencije podstiču detetov razvoj u ranom detinjstvu i pružaju podršku porodici, jer daju najbolje rezultate vezano za napredovanje dece. Svakom detetu, posebno u ranom uzrastu je porodica i dom prirodno, poznato i realno okruženje, o čemu je već i Komenski pisao u Materinskoj školi, gde je isticao da su uz uputstva i informisanje, roditelji spremni sa decom da vežbaju potrebne sposobnosti i veština do polaska u školu. Nova koncepcija rane intervencije takođe prepoznaje roditeljske kompetencije uz podršku transdisciplinarnog tima i partnerstvo, da se u porodičnom okruženju realizuje podsticaj deteta u ranom uzrastu. U ranom detinjstvu važnost igre, delanja i vršnjačke interakcije odnosno razvijanja odnosa su prepoznata u idejama Komenskog, a i polazišta su nove koncepcije reformisanog predškolskog programa Godine uzleta, što je u skladu sa ranom inkluzijom u okviru rane intervencije. U radu je predstavljen aktuelni koncept rane intervencije sa utemeljenjem u idejama Komenskog vezano za porodične snage i pružanju podrške porodici.
PEDAGOG IZ SRCA
Authors: Jeličić Ruža
Published: June 2020

Učenici se sve više osećaju bespomoćno, potišteno i zlovoljno. Hajp kojem su svakodnevno izloženi često ih inficira, zaslepljuje i oduzima sva čula i kapacitete, zbog čega ne umeju da se okrenu pravim vrednostima. Mladi ljudi sebi nameću nerealne imperative zbog želje da se istaknu, da se dopadnu, da ostave neki trag, a ono što se nekada nazivalo osnovnim potrebama: redovna fizička aktivnost, druženje, čitanje, rad na sebi postaju luksuz. Samo istinski pedagozi mogu u mladom čoveku probuditi strast za potragom, istraživanjem, pokušajem da se nešto razume, samospoznajom. Strategija mnogih pedagoga je rad i borba, ili da određenom akcijom usmeravamo događaje ili reakcijom pokušavamo da ih prilagodimo. Razmišljamo, merimo, trudimo se da anticipiramo šta će određena akcija ili reakcija dalje da proizvedu. Pre dvanaest godina počela sam da radim kao profesor matematike u Tehničkoj školi ,,Ivan Sarić” u Subotici. Moji prvi koraci bili su bazirani na utopijskoj zamisli Jan Amos Komenskog: spasiti svet pomoću pansofije i privesti ga bogu kao izvoru celokupne mudrosti i svesnosti. Praktikovanje svesnosti i mudrosti je putovanje. Daje nam moć da vidimo daleko i duboko, daje nam nadljudsku snagu da volimo i kada deluje ludo to što činimo, daje nam mogućnost da prihvatimo sve što jesmo i ono što nismo. Nema recepta, nema prečice. Za svakoga je to drugačije i neponovljivo iskustvo, kao što smo i svi mi jedinstveni i neponovljivi.
IDEJA PRIRODNOSTI – TEMELJNI PRINCIP DIDAKTIČKOG SISTEMA J. A. KOMENSKOG
Authors: Spevak Zoroslav
Published: June 2020

U radu autor osvetljava osnovnu ideju, koja se nalazi u temelju didaktičkog sistema J. A. Komenskog, a to je ideja prirodnosti. Nju je Komenski izrazio čuvenom formulacijom omnia sponte fluan, absit violenitia rebus (u slobodnom prevodu: neka sve teče spontano, bez nasilja). Ideja prirodnosti ima svoje korene u Komenskijevom panharmonijskom shvatanju celokupne stvarnosti i njegovim svepopravnim nastojanjima: popravljanju svakog pojedinca i celokupnog društva pomoću istinskog, pansofijskog obrazovanja. Komenski odbacuje svaki oblik nasilja, uključujući ono u didaktici – veštini poučavanja svih u svemu. Obrazovanje i učenje su sastavni deo celokupnog prirodnog toka, a učitelj je sluga, a ne gospodar prirode. U skladu s tim, dobra metoda je prirodna, nenasilna, radosna. U radu autor osvetljava dublje kulturno-istorijske korene ovakvih Komenskijevih shvatanja (husitska tradicija, ali i uticaji F.Bekona, T. Kampanele, M. F. Kvintilijana) i ukazuje na svežinu i aktuelnu vrednost Komenskijevih didaktičkih pogleda, koji su uticali na reformnu i progresivističku pedagogiju 20. veka, ali i dan-danas deluju inspirativno u naučnim i praktičnim traganjima za humanim pristupom u nastavi i učenju, koji poštuje i podstiče samoodređenje, samoaktivnost, slobodu i kreativnost dece.