bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biologia populacional de Corydoras flaveolus (Siluriformes, Callichthyidae) no Rio Passa Cinco, sub-bacia do Rio Corumbataí, São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Rondineli Giulianna Rodrigues , Braga Francisco Manoel de Souza
Published: March 2010

O objetivo desse trabalho foi caracterizar a população de Corydoras flaveolus do Rio Passa Cinco com relação à estrutura em comprimento, proporção sexual e aspectos reprodutivos de acordo com os períodos de seca e cheia, bem como analisar sua condição corporal. Seis amostragens foram realizadas em cinco pontos distintos no Rio Passa Cinco (contemplando trechos de ordem dois, três, quatro, cinco e seis) com o uso de peneira, pesca elétrica e covos. Foram capturados 70 indivíduos, sendo 35 machos e 35 fêmeas. Não houve variação significativa nos graus de repleção e de gordura acumulada na cavidade visceral dos exemplares analisados entre os períodos considerados. O período reprodutivo de C. flaveolus foi extenso, sendo mais intenso na cheia, visto a maior porcentagem de indivíduos com gônadas maduras e o maior valor da relação gonadossomática durante esse período. A fecundidade absoluta média foi de 137 ovócitos, sendo a desova do tipo intermitente. As fêmeas foram maiores e relativamente mais pesadas do que os machos. Não houve diferença significativa na condição corporal de ambos os sexos entre os períodos considerados.
Phytophagous mites (Tetranychoidea: Tetranychidae, Tenuipalpidae) from natural vegetations in Lara, Venezuela
Authors: Vásquez Carlos , Mondragón Alcides , Dávila Martha , Aponte Orlando
Published: March 2010

Phytophagous mites from natural vegetation have been scarcely studied in Venezuela. Surveys were carried out from March 2007 to November 2008 to determine diversity of phytophagous mites inhabiting in different plant taxa in Iribarren, Jiménez, Palavecino, Morán and Crespo municipalities from Lara state, Venezuela. In each sampling site, a 500 m- transect was established and the most frequent plant species were sampled. In field, 15 leaves were examined for mite presence by using hand lens. In laboratory, plant material was examined under magnification and mite morpho-species belonging to tetranychid and tenuipalpid were picked up. A total of two tenuipalpid species and eight tetranychid species were identified. Tenuipalpid mites identified were Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) on Cassia siamea (Caesalpinaceae), Capparis linearis (Capparidaceae), Spathodea campanulata (Bignoniaceae), Randia sp. (Rubiaceae), Melicoccus bijugatus (Sapindaceae) and Tenuipalpus sp. was collected from Spondias mombin (Anacardiaceae). On the other hand, tetranychid included Tetranychus urticae Koch on Terminalia catappa (Combretaceae), Euphorbia pulcherrima (Euphorbiaceae) and Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Mimosaceae). Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) on Lycopersicon sp. (Solanaceae), Ipomoea sp., Convolvulus sp. (Convolvulaceae) and Leonotis nepetifolia (Lamiaceae). Tetranychus desertorum Banks on Parthenium hysterophorus (Asteraceae). Eutetranychus banksi (McGregor) on C. siamea, Chlorophora tinctoria (Moraceae), Dalechampia sp. (Euphobiaceae) and Malpighia glabra (Malpighiaceae). Eotetranychus cf. willamettei on Sterculia apetala (Sterculiaceae). Oligonychus biharensis (Hirst) on Clitoria sp. (Papilionaceae) and Ziziphus cyclocardia (Rhamnaceae). Oligonychus sp. on S. campanulata and Neotetranychus gloriosus Estebanes & Baker on Croton sp. (Euphorbiaceae). In this study, B. phoenicis is recorded for the first time on C. siamea, S. campanulata, Randia sp. and M. bijugatus for Venezuela.
Desenvolvimento inicial de Pyrrhulina australis Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903 (Characiformes, Lebiasinidae)
Authors: Taguti Tatia Leika , Kipper Darlon , Bialetzki Andréa , Sanches Paulo Vanderlei , Makrakis Maristela Cavicchioli , Baumgartner Gilmar , Fernandes Rodrigo
Published: March 2010

Este trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento inicial de Pyrrhulina australis Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903, o único Lebiasinidae da planície alagável do Alto Rio Paraná. Para isso, foram analisados 80 indivíduos, sendo 60 larvas e 20 juvenis, coletados entre os anos de 1992 e 2005, em vários ambientes (rios, canais e lagoas). De cada exemplar, foram obtidos dados morfométricos e merísticos e, posteriormente, o padrão de crescimento entre as variáveis morfométricas foi analisado. As larvas apresentaram grande concentração de pigmentos na região superior do intestino, da cabeça e ao redor da boca. A notocorda foi caracterizada por possuir um prolongamento que, posteriormente, diferenciou-se em um raio da nadadeira caudal. A seqüência de formação das nadadeiras foi: caudal, dorsal, anal, pélvica e peitoral. Em relação aos miômeros, observou-se que estes variaram de 23 a 32 (12-20 pré- e 10-16 pós-anal). A análise do crescimento revelou que o comprimento do focinho e o diâmetro do olho foram alométricos, enquanto a altura e o comprimento da cabeça, bem como a altura do corpo e a distância pré-peitoral apresentaram crescimento abrupto, evidenciando diferentes taxas de crescimento entre os períodos larval e juvenil. Esses resultados revelam que neste intervalo ocorre grande parte da metamorfose na espécie.
Comunidade de Coleoptera de solo em remanescente de Mata Atlântica no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Authors: Teixeira Cíntia Cristina Lima , Hoffmann Magali , Silva-Filho Gilson
Published: March 2010

A fauna do solo exerce importante papel nos processos ecológicos do ecossistema. Estudos sobre a composição e estrutura dessas comunidades são importantes para entender o seu funcionamento. Assim o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a comunidade de Coleoptera, coletada mediante armadilhas de solo, quinzenalmente, durante o período de treze meses (08/2003-08/2004), na Mata do Mergulhão, Rio de Janeiro. Foram capturados 10.820 espécimes, representados por 24 famílias, sendo considerados abundantes Nitidulidae (4.782 indivíduos), Curculionidae (3.176 indivíduos), Scarabaeidae (2.019 indivíduos) e Staphylinidae (326 indivíduos), capturadas em todo período de coleta. De acordo com as guildas tróficas, os indivíduos das famílias coletados, podem ser agrupados em detritívoros (4.802 espécimes), herbívoros (3.218 espécimes), decompositores (2.019 espécimes), predadores (621 espécimes) e fungívoros (160 espécimes). Foi constatada maior ocorrência de detritívoros (44,4%), herbívoros (29,7%) e decompositores (18,7%). Foram capturados 6.685 exemplares (61,8%) no período de outubro/2003 a março/2004, na estação chuvosa, e 4.135 exemplares (38,2%) na estação seca. Foram observadas maiores capturas nos meses de outubro e dezembro de 2003, e março de 2004.
Espécies de Scolelepis (Polychaeta, Spionidae) de praias do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Authors: Rocha Marcelo Borges , Radashevsky Vasily , Paiva Paulo Cesar
Published: March 2010

Entre os poliquetas, os Spionidae são um dos táxons mais abundantes e diversos. O gênero Scolelepis é um dos mais abundantes em águas rasas, cujos representantes apresentam uma ampla distribuição geográfica. Embora tenham sido referidas sete espécies para a costa brasileira, há uma discussão quanto à correta identificação e a possibilidade de se tratar de um complexo específico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi efetuar o levantamento das espécies do gênero Scolelepis encontradas em praias do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Foram encontradas e caracterizadas duas espécies: S. chilensis, muito abundante e ocorrendo em diversas praias e S. goodbodyi com uma distribuição mais restrita.
Florística e caracterização da vegetação da Toca dos Urubus, Baependi, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Ferreira Fabrício Moreira , Forzza Rafaela Campostrini
Published: March 2010

A Toca dos Urubus localiza-se no município de Baependi, sul de Minas Gerais, e faz parte da região do Alto Rio Grande. Sua cobertura vegetal compreende um mosaico formado por cerrado, campo rupestre e floresta estacional semidecidual. Foi realizado um levantamento florístico, restrito às espécies vasculares, e uma descrição das três fisionomias encontradas na área. Foram registradas 403 espécies (395 angiospermas e 8 pteridófitas) distribuídas em 77 famílias e 260 gêneros. As famílias mais ricas em número de espécies foram Asteraceae (66 spp.), Poaceae (52 spp.), Fabaceae (32 spp.), Cyperaceae (19 spp.), Melastomataceae e Rubiaceae (16 spp.). O cerrado apresentou o maior número de espécies (322 spp.), seguido pelo campo rupestre (247 spp.) e pelo fragmento de floresta estacional (71 spp.). Apesar da pequena área abordada no presente estudo, aproximadamente 25 ha, uma grande riqueza de espécies foi encontrada, dentre estas 10 são citadas na Lista Vermelha das Espécies Ameaçadas de Extinção da Flora de Minas Gerais, o que reforça ainda mais a necessidade de conservação dessa região.
Species composition of climbers in seasonal semideciduous forest fragments of Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Santos Karin dos , Kinoshita Luiza Sumiko , Rezende Andréia Alves
Published: March 2010

In this study we evaluated floristic composition patterns of communities of climbers within ten inventories carried out in semideciduous forest fragments of southeastern Brazil. One of the inventories is original, being carried out for the present study in Ribeirão Cachoeira forest, Campinas, São Paulo State, Southeastern Brazil. This inventory was then pooled together to other nine climbers' inventories made in other forests of Southeastern Brazil to form a data base, which was examined regarding species richness, similarity, species distribution and climbing methods. The total number of species obtained was 355, belonging to 145 genera and 43 families. The ten most diverse families Bignoniaceae (45 species), Fabaceae (42), Malpighiaceae (36), Asteraceae (31), Apocynaceae (29), Sapindaceae (28), Convolvulaceae (21), Cucurbitaceae (14), Passifloraceae (10), and Euphorbiaceae (8) contributed to 74.4% of the total number of species recorded. The commonest climbing method in the studied sites was main stem or branch twining, accounting for 178 species or 50.1% of the total, the second commonest was tendril climbing (121 species, 34.1%), and the least, scrambling (56 species, 15.8%). We found a high percentage of exclusive species i.e., those occurring in only one forest site, which accounted for 49.3% of the total recorded. The mean similarity among forest sites (30%) may be considered low. The climbing species contribution to the total wood plant richness recorded on the forests sites was very high in some of the sites (up to 52.5%). These results indicated the importance of climber communities to plant diversity for semideciduous forests in Southeastern Brazil, enhancing the regional diversity and the conservation value of these forest remnants.
Bats of Buraco das Araras natural reserve, Southwestern Brazil
Authors: Cunha Nicolay Leme da , Fischer Erich , Carvalho Luiz Felipe Alves da Cunha , Santos Carolina Ferreira
Published: March 2010

The doline Buraco das Araras is a peculiar environment and important destiny for ecotourism in the Serra da Bodoquena region, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Here we describe the bat fauna of the doline and surrounding areas, and report its use as dayroost by the bat Nyctinomops laticaudatus. Bats were mist-netted during two field expeditions, in November 2007 and January 2008. We captured 153 individuals of 10 species, mainly N. laticaudatus (n = 90) and Artibeus planirostris (n = 28). This is the first record of N. laticaudatus in the Serra da Bodoquena region; it was captured only in January when leaving the doline in dense flocks at dusk. Phyllostomus hastatus, Micronycteris sanborni, and Molossops temminckii are also new records for the Serra da Bodoquena region. Three individuals - A. planirostris, Carollia perspicillata and Glossophaga soricina - tagged in November were recaptured in January, indicating that these species are residents. The doline and bordering vegetation appear to be important sources of shelter and food for bat fauna maintenance.
The amphibians of São Paulo State, Brazil amphibians of São Paulo
Authors: Araújo Olívia Gabriela dos Santos , Toledo Luís Felipe , Garcia Paulo Christiano Anchietta , Haddad Célio Fernando Baptista
Published: March 2010

The State of São Paulo is one of the most studied regions of Brazil in regard to amphibian species richness and distribution. However, we still do not have a list of species for the State. Therefore, we present here a list including 231 species of amphibians (225 anurans and six caecilians), of which 27 are endemic. We present data about previous and current taxonomists and speculate about future prospects in the study and conservation of amphibian biodiversity in São Paulo State.
Taxocenose de anfíbios anuros no Cerrado do Alto Tocantins, Niquelândia, Estado de Goiás: diversidade, distribuição local e sazonalidade
Authors: Oda Fabrício Hiroiuki , Bastos Rogério Pereira , Sá Lima Mariana Araguaia de Castro
Published: March 2010

O Cerrado representa um dos maiores domínios fitogeográficos da América do Sul, sendo o segundo maior domínio de vegetação no Brasil e um dos 34 hotspots de biodiversidade do planeta. No presente estudo, a diversidade e distribuição espacial e temporal de anfíbios anuros foram estudadas entre outubro de 2005 e agosto de 2006, em três áreas de Cerrado no município de Niquelândia, estado de Goiás. Foram registradas 29 espécies pertencentes a oito famílias: Bufonidae (uma espécie), Cyclorhamphidae (três espécies), Dendrobatidae (uma espécie), Hylidae (dez espécies), Leiuperidae (uma espécie), Leptodactylidae (nove espécies), Microhylidae (duas espécies) e Strabomantidae (duas espécies). As Áreas 1 e 2 apresentaram as maiores riquezas com 21 e 18 espécies, respectivamente. Todavia, maior diversidade foi encontrada na Área 2, que apresentou uma alta equitabilidade. Dentre os sítios reprodutivos, a estabilidade do corpo d'água permanente que mantém água durante todo o ano favoreceu a ocorrência de espécies com padrões de reprodução intermediário e prolongado, contribuindo para a maior riqueza de espécies nesse ambiente. A distribuição temporal das espécies foi influenciada tanto pelo regime de chuvas quanto pela temperatura, pois os machos da maioria das espécies (86%) vocalizaram na estação chuvosa. Physalaemus cuvieri utilizou seis dos 14 sítios estudados para reprodução, sendo considerada uma espécie generalista. Por outro lado, Hypsiboas lundii, Barycholos ternetzi, Leptodactylus gr. marmoratus, Leptodactylus cf. martinezi e Ameerega flavopicta apresentam limitações impostas por modos reprodutivos específicos ficando restritas a um determinado hábitat.
Uma importante revisão sobre o impacto de agroquímicos da cultura de arroz em peixes
Authors: Copatti Carlos Eduardo , Garcia Luciano de Oliveira , Baldisserotto Bernardo
Published: March 2010

Na lavoura arrozeira, o uso de agroquímicos no controle de plantas daninhas e insetos é recomendado para garantir maior produtividade. Entretanto, sua utilização pode acarretar uma série de efeitos em organismos não alvos, como os peixes. Deste modo, esta revisão tem como objetivo analisar os dados existentes sobre os efeitos dos agroquímicos utilizados no cultivo de arroz em peixes, de modo a propor estratégias que minimizem seu impacto. Existe grande variação entre os agroquímicos testados quanto à toxicidade, sendo a determinação da concentração letal mediana em 96 horas apenas uma estimativa inicial para estudos adicionais, uma vez que para muitos deles concentrações inferiores podem provocar alterações bioquímicas nos tecidos dos peixes, as quais se mostram mais efetivas como biomarcadores. Para minimizar o impacto dos agroquímicos deve-se utilizar sempre a dose mínima recomendada, e manter estática a lâmina de água do cultivo por um período mínimo de duas semanas após a aplicação, de modo que o princípio ativo seja degradado, reduzindo a toxicidade. Além disso, o manejo integrado de pragas é recomendando, bem como a rizipiscicultura, a qual evita a utilização dos agroquímicos e em alguns casos pode promover um rendimento semelhante.
Population Structure of Mesoclemmys vanderhaegei (Bour, 1973) (Testudines:Chelidae) in the Cerrado of Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso, Brazil
Authors: Brito Elizângela Silva de , Strussmann Christine , Penha Jerry Magno Ferreira
Published: March 2010

Studies on population structure of freshwater turtles belonging to the family Chelidae are scarce in Brazil. Herein we describe the structure of a population of the chelid Mesoclemmys vanderhaegei in a Cerrado area in the municipality of Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso, Brazil. A total of 80 individuals were captured in five collecting sites, from January to March 2007: 42 adult females, 27 adult males, and 11 juveniles with undetermined sex. Among 80 individuals, 24% were recaptured, at least once. This is the first attempt to estimate the size of a population of Mesoclemmys vanderhaegei. Our results suggest that additional sampling efforts are needed for more accurate estimates of population structure. Nevertheless, they surely provide minimum values of the number of individuals of M. vanderhaegei living in the locality sampled.
The first record of Diclidurus ingens Hernandez-Camacho, 1955 (Emballonuridae) in Central Brazil
Authors: Dalponte Julio Cesar , Aguiar Ludmilla Moura de Souza
Published: March 2010

Species of sheath-tailed bats in the family Emballonuridae are pantropical in distribution. Ghost bats in the genus Diclidurus (Wied-Neuwied, 1820) comprehend four species that occur in the Neotropical regions of Central and South America. However, distributional records are sparsely documented across this vast area. The objective of this study is to report the first occurrence of D. ingens in Central Brazil, representing a range extension of 850 kilometers.
Ocorrência de Neoneura maria (Scudder, 1866) (Odonata: Protoneuridae) para a Província de Santiago de Cuba
Authors: Carriço Cesar , Santos Tatiana Chrysostomo , Costa Janira Martins , Quinta Adrian David Trapero
Published: March 2010

Durante o período de 2005-2006 foram estudados os macroinvertebrados associados ao sistema radicular de Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, 1883 na represa Chalons de Santiago de Cuba. A larva de Neoneura maria (Scudder, 1866), endêmica de Cuba, registrada para os três Setores da ilha, foi capturada constituindo o primeiro registro para a Província de Santiago de Cuba.
Ingestion of catfish by freshwater stingray: possible mistake or inexperience
Authors: Garrone Neto Domingos , Uieda Virgínia Sanches
Published: March 2010

We report an individual of the freshwater stingray Potamotrygon falkneri caught with a decomposing catfish, Pimelodella gracilis, stuck in its oral cavity. The ingestion of catfishes by stingrays is possibly rendered difficult or hazardous due to the serrated spines on the dorsal and pectoral fins of this prey type. There are at least two possible explanations for the rotting catfish we found stuck in the mouth of a potamotrygonid ray: mistake or inexperience of the analyzed specimen. Both possibilities may be due to the fact that the ray was a young individual.
Weevils associated with Pistia stratiotes L. (Araceae) in the Central Amazon Region, with new records for Argentinorhynchus Brèthes (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)
Authors: Sousa Wesley Oliveira de , Rosado-Neto Germano Henrique , Marques Marinêz Isaac , Adis Joachim
Published: March 2010

Data on the occurrence of ten weevils species associated with Pistia stratiotes L. (Araceae), from Ilha de Marchantaria, Manaus (Amazonas, Brazil) are presented for the first time. During the period from March to August 2005, 809 weevils specimens were sampled on P. stratiotes, distributed across nine species allocated in five genera of Stenopelmini, in addition to one unidentified species in the Cryptorhynchinae. Among the Stenopelmini, Argentinorhynchus breyeri Brèthes, 1910 (N = 665) was the dominant species, with the highest abundance in July (N = 189) and the lowest in August (N = 11), while Ochetina uniformis Pascoe, 1881 (N = 63), Neochetina bruchi Hustache, 1926 (N = 45), Neohydronomus pulchellus Hustache, 1926 (N = 15), Neohydronomus affinis Hustache, 1926 (N = 10), A. squamosus (Hustache, 1926) (N = 5), Neochetina eichhorniae Warner, 1970 (N = 4), A. minimus O'Brien & Wibmer, 1989b (N = 1), and Tanysphiroideus sp. (N = 1) had lower abundances. In addition, the co-occurrences of A. breyeri, A. minimus, and A. squamosus on P. stratiotes were recorded for Brazil and the first records of A. minimus and A. squamosus were observed for the State of Amazonas.
New records of Leptophis ahaetulla ahaetulla (Serpentes, Colubridae) for Venezuela, Colombia and the placement of L. a. copei into the synonymy of L. a. ahaetulla
Authors: Albuquerque Nelson Rufino de
Published: March 2010

The taxonomic validity of Leptophis ahaetulla copei is assessed. This subspecies is distinct from the nominal subspecies on the basis of differences in the number of ventral scales, maxillary teeth and dorsal coloration. However, comparison of its type specimens with specimens of L. a. ahaetulla revealed that L. a. copei is a junior synonym of the latter. In addition, the distribution of L. a. ahaetulla is expanded from Brazil to southwestern Venezuela and southern Colombia.
Foot-trembling behavior in Semipalmated Plover Charadrius semipalmatus reveals prey on surface of Brazilian beaches
Authors: Cestari César
Published: March 2010

Foot-trembling is a foraging technique normally performed by plovers and lapwings. It exposes preys, and may increase the likelihood of capture. Currently, no detailed description of this technique is available for the Semipalmated Plover Charadrius semipalmatus. This article described the foot-trembling behavior during wintering of this species in southeastern Brazilian beaches.
Are femorodistal bypass grafts for acute limb ischemia worthwhile?
Authors: Khandanpour Nader , Meyer Felicity J. , Choy Lily , Skinner Jane , Armon Matthew P.
Published: March 2010

Background: It has been shown that autogenous veins are associated with the best limb salvage rates for femorodistal bypass surgery. However, in emergency settings, when an autogenous vein is unavailable, use of synthetic graft material or amputation is a critical decision to make. Objective: To assess the appropriateness of femorodistal bypass grafts for acute limb ischemia in emergency settings. Methods: Patients who underwent emergent bypass and elective femorodistal bypass surgery between 1996 and 2006 were reviewed retrospectively in a single center. Results: There were 147 patients of which 84 had elective and 63 had emergent bypass. The graft patency rates for elective admissions were 44 and 25% vs. 25 and 23% for admissions for acute femorodistal graft surgery at 2 and 4 years, respectively (p < 0.004). Admissions for acute ischemia who were treated with prosthetic grafts had a primary patency of 24 vs. 27% for vein grafts at 2 years and 24 vs. 23% at 4 years (p = 0.33). In the acute femorodistal grafts group, primary patency at 2 years for vein and prosthetic grafts was 27 and 24% as compared to 42 and 32% for electives. These values for cumulative limb salvage rates for elective bypasses were 73 and 63% as compared to 52% at both time points in the acute femorodistal graft group (p < 0.004). In emergency settings, the limb salvage rate for acute femorodistal bypass with prosthetic grafts was 38%, and for vein grafts it was 62% at both time points (p = 0.08). Conclusion: The long term limb salvage rate of 38% suggests that emergent femorodistal revascularization is worthwhile.
Prevalência da doença arterial obstrutiva periférica em doentes com insuficiência renal crônica
Authors: Aragão José Aderval , Reis Francisco Prado , Borges Neto Roberto Ribeiro , Aragão Marina Elizabeth Cavalcanti de Sant’Anna , Nunes Marco Antonio Prado , Feitosa Vera Lúcia Corrêa
Published: March 2010

Contexto: A doença arterial obstrutiva periférica tem sido reconhecida como um sensível marcador de aterosclerose sistêmica e preditora de eventos cardiovasculares. Apesar da alta prevalência da doença cardiovascular, há poucos estudos sobre a doença arterial obstrutiva periférica em pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica em tratamento hemodialítico. Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de doença arterial obstrutiva periférica em pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica em uma clínica de referência para tratamento hemodialítico no estado de Sergipe. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado no período de junho a novembro de 2008, em uma clínica de referência para tratamento de pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica. Foram caracterizados como portadores de doença arterial obstrutiva periférica os pacientes que apresentavam índice tornozelo-braquial (ITB) ≤ 0,9. Resultados: De uma população de 239 pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica, foram avaliados 201. Destes, 28 (14%) apresentavam insuficiência arterial periférica com ITB ≤ 0,9. A idade variou de 24 a 82 anos, com média de 52 anos. A hipertensão e a dislipidemia foram os fatores de risco mais frequentes. Dos pacientes com doença arterial obstrutiva periférica, 89% eram dislipidêmicos, 71% hipertensos e 29% tinham coronariopatias. Conclusão: A prevalência de doença arterial obstrutiva periférica em doentes com insuficiência renal crônica foi de 14%.
Concentração de homocisteína em pacientes portadores de doença arterial periférica atendidos em um serviço público de saúde
Authors: Venâncio Luciene de Souza , Burini Roberto Carlos , Yoshida Winston Bonetti
Published: March 2010

Contexto: Estudos recentes indicam que a concentração elevada de homocisteína é um fator de risco importante e prevalente para doença vascular aterosclerótica coronariana, cerebral e periférica. Objetivo: Tendo em vista a escassez de informações relacionadas à hiper-homocisteinemia em doença arterial periférica (DAP) no Brasil e as peculiaridades de nossa população, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a frequência de hiper-homocisteinemia em amostra dessa população em um ensaio clínico com indivíduos portadores e não portadores de DAP atendidos em um serviço público brasileiro. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo ensaio clínico caso-controle com 40 indivíduos portadores de DAP confirmada por Doppler ultrassom (grupo DAP) em comparação com 20 indivíduos voluntários sem DAP (grupo-controle). Resultados: A DAP predominante foi a isquemia crônica de membros (75%). As concentrações plasmáticas medianas de homocisteína de jejum foram significantemente maiores no grupo DAP do que no grupo-controle (16,7 versus 12,9 µmol/L, p = 0,001), tanto nos homens (18,9 versus 14,0 µmol/L, p = 0,005) quanto nas mulheres (13,9 versus 11,2 µmol/L, p = 0,025). Quanto à proporção de indivíduos com hiper-homocisteinemia, observou-se tendência a uma maior frequência no grupo DAP (60%) em relação ao grupo-controle (30%) (p = 0,054). Nos indivíduos com idade inferior a 60 anos foram encontrados valores medianos de homocisteína significantemente mais elevados no grupo DAP (p = 0,041). Conclusões: A hiper-homocisteinemia é um fator de risco importante e foi encontrada em 60% dos indivíduos portadores de DAP atendidos em um serviço público no Brasil.
Aortic aneurysm surgery: problems and innovations
Authors: Kolvenbach Ralf , Yoshida Winston Bonetti
Published: March 2010

A long way was traveled since the first surgery was performed for the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Throughout this time, several innovations have been created in order to reduce the invasiveness of the surgical procedures and to improve their safety and durability. This review discusses the major and recent advances on aortic aneurysm interventions, including, the endovascular aortic repair, the laparoscopic aortic surgery, the conventional hybrid and endovascular techniques, combined laparoscopic and endovascular techniques, as well as future prospects for both thoracic and abdominal aorta. Faced with so many changes and developments, modern vascular surgeons must keep their minds open to innovations and should develop comprehensive training with different techniques, to provide the best therapeutic option for their patients.
Estudo comparativo entre tratamento endovascular e cirurgia convencional na correção eletiva de aneurisma de aorta abdominal: revisão bibliográfica
Authors: Simão Ana Carolina P. , Gonçalves Ana Carolina de Alencar , Paulino Milena Miguita , Oliveira Renata Barbosa de , Polli Camila Aparecida , Fratezi Ayrton Cássio
Published: March 2010

O tratamento eletivo do aneurisma de aorta abdominal é recomendado pela alta morbiletalidade decorrente da eventual ruptura. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o reparo endovascular eletivo com a cirurgia aberta e avaliar as mortalidades hospitalar e perioperatória, em 1 ano, por todas as causas e relacionadas ao aneurisma, a permanência hospitalar, as complicações, as taxas de sobrevida, conversão e reintervenção, a durabilidade do enxerto, o custo-benefício e a relação desses dados com o treinamento da equipe médica responsável pelo tratamento. Realizou-se uma revisão da literatura sobre reparo endovascular versus cirurgia convencional. Foram observados vantagem na sobrevivência perioperatória e menor estresse pós-cirúrgico; no entanto, os benefícios iniciais são perdidos por complicações e reintervenções tardias. Trabalhos baseados nas primeiras gerações de endopróteses superestimam as taxas de mortalidade em curto prazo, complicações e reintervenções. A durabilidade do enxerto, a real vantagem na sobrevida e o custo-benefício são incertos, e outros estudos são necessários para o seguimento em longo prazo.
Cirurgia aorto-ilíaca videolaparoscópica para tratamento de isquemia crítica de membros: relato do primeiro caso no Brasil
Authors: Yoshida Ricardo de Alvarenga , Yoshida Winston Bonetti , Rollo Hamilton de Almeida , Kolvenbach Ralf , Moura Regina , Jaldim Rodrigo Gibin , Kawano Paulo Roberto , Yamamoto Hamilto Akihissa
Published: March 2010

A cirurgia videolaparoscópica vem evoluindo como alternativa cirúrgica menos invasiva para o tratamento da doença aterosclerótica oclusiva aorto-ilíaca. O objetivo deste relato é demonstrar os resultados da primeira cirurgia videolaparoscópica realizada no Brasil para o tratamento da doença oclusiva aorto-ilíaca, associada a procedimentos híbridos distais para lesões ateroscleróticas multissegmentares em paciente com isquemia crítica. A técnica videolaparoscópica é mais uma ferramenta minimamente invasiva, viável, segura e eficaz para o tratamento da doença oclusiva aorto-ilíaca extensa. A referida técnica, que nada mais é do que a cirurgia convencional realizada sob visão laparoscópica, tem bons resultados a longo prazo, associados à elegância técnica.
Fístula axilo-cava para hemodiálise: relato de caso
Authors: Nagato Yosio , Calixto Carmen Neuda Alves , Brandão Marcelo Luiz , Nagato Luís Cavalcante , Bessa Guilherme de Oliveira , Rodrigues Neto Leôncio Caetano , Fonseca Luciana Mara Nogueira
Published: March 2010

Na confecção de fístula arteriovenosa (FAV) para hemodiálise, condutos venosos autógenos demonstram performance superior quando comparados com material protético em relação à perviedade primária ou secundária. A prótese de politetrafluoroetileno (PTFE) é reservada para casos de falência de material autógeno e é geralmente utilizada em fístulas em membros superiores. Descrevemos o caso de uma paciente de 52 anos que, após falência de acessos para hemodiálise e impossibilidade de realização de diálise peritoneal em razão de peritonite bacteriana, foi submetida à confecção de FAV entre a artéria axilar direita e a veia cava inferior com prótese de PTFE de 6 mm. O acesso foi utilizado para hemodiálise 1 mês após sua criação e permanece pérvio após 24 meses. Até o momento, não houve complicações infecciosas, sinais de insuficiência cardíaca ou síndrome de roubo em membro superior direito.
Makers of scientific instruments in a little Italian town
Authors: Ganci S.
Published: March 2010

A little known feature of the Italian history of Physics between second half of the XIX century and first decades of XX century is recognized. This investigation shows some interesting features because of the geographical isolation of the little town where various makers of scientific instruments succeed during this period.
THE EFFECT OF CHANGES IN CRITERION VALUE ON DIFFERENTIAL REINFORCEMENT OF LOW RATE SCHEDULE PERFORMANCE
Authors: Pizzo Matthew J. , Kirkpatrick Kimberly , Blundell Pamela J.
Published: March 2010

The differential reinforcement of low rate (DRL) schedule is commonly used to assess impulsivity, hyperactivity, and the cognitive effects of pharmacological treatments on performance. A DRL schedule requires subjects to wait a certain minimum amount of time between successive responses to receive reinforcement. The DRL criterion value, which specifies the minimum wait time between responses, is often shifted towards increasingly longer values over the course of training. However, the process invoked by shifting DRL values is poorly understood. Experiment 1 compared performance on a DRL 30‐s schedule versus a DRL 15‐s schedule that was later shifted to a DRL 30‐s schedule. Dependent measures assessing interresponse time (IRT) production and reward‐earning efficiency showed significant detrimental effects following a DRL schedule transition in comparison with the performance on a maintained DRL 30‐s schedule. Experiments 2a and 2b assessed the effects of small incremental changes vs. a sudden large shift in the DRL criterion on performance. The incremental changes produced little to no disruption in performance compared to a sudden large shift. The results indicate that the common practice of incrementing the DRL criterion over sessions may be an inefficient means of training stable DRL performance.
OBSERVING RESPONSES AND SERIAL STIMULI: SEARCHING FOR THE REINFORCING PROPERTIES OF THE S−
Authors: Escobar Rogelio , Bruner Carlos A.
Published: March 2010

The control exerted by a stimulus associated with an extinction component (S–) on observing responses was determined as a function of its temporal relation with the onset of the reinforcement component. Lever pressing by rats was reinforced on a mixed random‐interval extinction schedule. Each press on a second lever produced stimuli associated with the component of the schedule in effect. In Experiment 1 a response‐dependent clock procedure that incorporated different stimuli associated with an extinction component of a variable duration was used. When a single S− was presented throughout the extinction component, the rate of observing remained relatively constant across this component. In the response‐dependent clock procedure, observing responses increased from the beginning to the end of the extinction component. This result was replicated in Experiment 2, using a similar clock procedure but keeping the number of stimuli per extinction component constant. We conclude that the S− can function as a conditioned reinforcer, a neutral stimulus or as an aversive stimulus, depending on its temporal location within the extinction component.
EFFECTS OF DIFFERING RESPONSE‐FORCE REQUIREMENTS ON FOOD‐MAINTAINED RESPONDING IN C57BL/6J MICE
Authors: Zarcone Troy J. , Chen Rong , Fowler Stephen C.
Published: March 2010

The effect of force requirements on response effort was examined using inbred C57BL/6J mice trained to press a disk with their snout. Lateral peak forces greater than 2 g were defined as responses (i.e., all responses above the measurement threshold). Different, higher force requirements were used to define criterion responses (a subclass of all responses) that exceeded the requirement and produced a reinforcer. The reinforcer was sweetened, condensed milk, delivered upon response termination. All mice were exposed to two ascending series of criterion force requirements (2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 g). Increasing the force requirement initially decreased criterion response rates, but criterion response rates recovered with continued exposure, except at the 32‐g requirement. Response rates for all measured responses initially increased with increasing force requirements, but then decreased with continued exposure. The second exposure series produced more stable response rate changes than the first series. The time‐integral of force (area under the force—time curve for individual responses, which is proportional to energy expenditure for each response) increased with the increase in the force requirement. The C57BL/6J inbred strain generated average force output similar to CD‐1 outbred stock mice trained on the same force requirements. C57BL/6J inbred strain mice differed from CD‐1 mice in initial response rates (for all responses above threshold) and had lower response rates at the 16 and 32 g requirements resulting in lower total force output. These data show for both mice types that increased force requirements resulted in increased overall responding (all measured responses), which contradicts a punishment interpretation of criterion response decrements. C57BL/6 inbred mice showed individual differences comparable to the outbred CD‐1 stock. C57BL/6 mice did not maintain responding as well at the higher force requirements, which may be due to their small body size and weight, compared to the larger and heavier CD‐1 mice.
BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS AND ECOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE. A REVIEW OF HARRY HEFT'SECOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY IN CONTEXT
Authors: Morris Edward K.
Published: March 2010

Relations between behavior analysis and ecological psychology have been strained for years, notwithstanding the occasional comment on their affinities. Harry Heft's (2001)Ecological Psychology in Contextprovides an occasion for reviewing anew those relations and affinities. It describes the genesis of ecological psychology in James's radical empiricism; addresses Holt's neorealism and Gestalt psychology; and synthesizes Gibson's ecological psychology and Barker's ecobehavioral science as a means for understanding everyday human behavior. Although behavior analysis is excluded from this account, Heft's book warrants a review nonetheless: It describes ecological psychology in ways that are congruent and complementary with behavior analysis (e.g., nonmediational theorizing; the provinces of natural history and natural science). After introducing modern ecological psychology, I comment on (a) Heft's admirable, albeit selective, historiography; (b) his ecological psychology—past and present—as it relates to Skinner's science and system (e.g., affordances, molar behavior); (c) his misunderstandings of Skinner's behaviorism (e.g., reductionistic, mechanistic, molecular); and (d) the theoretical status of Heft's cognitive terms and talk (i.e., in ontology, epistemology, syntax). I conclude by considering the alliance and integration of ecological psychology and behavior analysis, and their implications for unifying and transforming psychology as a life science, albeit more for the future than at present.
Fostering Traditional Health Systems and Ethnomedicine Practices through a Holistic Approach: A Pioneering Community Strategy from Southern India
Authors: Torri Maria Costanza
Published: March 2010

The ever-presence of traditional medicine and of medical practitioners in remote areas of the world is well documented by anthropological studies. However, the social, cultural, and environmental factors influencing health and traditional health systems have been analyzed separately, ignoring the interlinkages existing between them and the resulting synergies as well as the impact these will have on the multiple aspects of local communities. This case study attempts to overcome this shortcoming, by investigating the interrelationships between biodiversity conservation and the practice of ethnomedicine in Southern India as a basis to implement primary health care, enhance local livelihoods, and contribute to poverty alleviation through community-based entrepreneurial activities.
Mothers' Knowledge of Sickle-Cell Anaemia in Nigeria
Authors: Famuyiwa Oluwole O. , Aina Olatunji F.
Published: March 2010

The study ascertains knowledge of mothers of sufferers of sickle-cell anaemia specifically regarding aetiology of the disorder and acceptable medical care. One hundred fifty-seven mothers of children suffering from sickle-cell anaemia (HbSS) attending a haematology clinic of a general hospital in Lagos were randomly sampled and asked about the aetiology and their understanding of the rules of care using a short open-ended questionnaire. The mean age of the mothers was 37.4 and a significant majority belong to the lower socio-economic strata. Thirty-four percent reported having been informed of the hereditary basis of anaemia but 48.4% received no explanation. Doctors, nurses, and lay literature were the main sources of information on the condition, as well as its medical care. The considerable gaps in appropriate knowledge on sickle-cell anaemia in Nigeria observed indicates that adequate and properly-presented information to parents or guardians of patients should be an essential part of a comprehensive care plan.
Fractal Law: A New Tool for Modelling Agglomeration Process
Authors: Rondet Eric , Ruiz Thierry , Delalonde Michele , Dupuy Claude , Desfours Jean-pierre
Published: March 2010

Wet agglomeration of granular materials is widely carried out in many industrial fields, such as the pharmaceutical and food industries. This process must be optimized in terms of yields and quality of the final product. A lot of studies have shown that agglomeration occurs under capillary, viscous and frictional forces and can be divided into four steps: nucleation, consolidation, growth and rupture. This general description of agglomeration does not take into account the simultaneous changes of agglomerates size, texture and saturation degree with respect to the increase in water content. The aim of this work is to propose a description of the agglomeration based on experimental observations and to take into account the aforementioned aspects to propose a model. In this study, experiments are carried out on kaolin in a low shear mixer for various operating conditions: three speeds of blade rotation, two wetting modes. The evolution of agglomerates granulometric and textural parameters is taken into account by image analysis and immersion in paraffin, respectively. This study makes it possible to highlight an increase in agglomerates size associated with a solid volume fraction reduction when there is an increase in water content. A power law connects solid volume fraction and median diameter of agglomerates making it possible to identify a fractal growth process between the grain and pasty-like scale. This well-know approach in colloidal aggregation is new in the powder agglomeration field. Fractal dimension defined this way is mainly affected by the drop size generated during wetting. These experiments highlight the weak influence of the other process parameters tested. For a wetting mode, an equation leading to the direct determination of the desired size of agglomerates with water content is proposed. Applied to agglomeration, fractal morphogenesis should become a potential tool in product engineering.
Development and Validation of a Steady-State Mathematical Model for the Physicochemical Processing of Biopolymers by Reactive Extrusion
Authors: De Ville d'Avray Marie-Amélie , Isambert Arsène , Brochot Stéphane , Ferchaud Pierre
Published: March 2010

In reactive extrusion, the extruder is used as a solvent-free continuous chemical reactor able to process highly viscous materials. The chemical transformation of biopolymers by reactive extrusion appears as a very promising technology. Although punctual applications in this field have already been achieved on a laboratory or pilot scale, the amount of work to carry out is still considerable. A wide range of reactions and raw materials may be explored, and the reactions achieved on a laboratory scale have to be optimized and transposed to an industrial scale. Process modelling and simulation constitute useful tools for process understanding, development, optimization and scale-up. Although reactive extrusion modelling has interested many authors, it still remains a challenge because of the complex geometry and the strong coupling between operating parameters, flow conditions, material rheological behavior and reaction kinetics. A steady-state mathematical model for a biopolymer oxidation process by reactive extrusion is here proposed. The model is based on a hybrid approach combining chemical engineering methods and simplified continuum mechanics laws. The combination of these two approaches enables to simplify the calculations related to chemical reactions while ensuring a predictive character. The flexible structure of the model enabled its implementation within a global process simulator. A method to minimize the amount of experimental data required for model parameter adjustment is also presented. The model was validated by experiments conducted on a semi-pilot corotating twin-screw extruder. Even if it may be refined, the model proposed already constitutes a useful tool for later research work dealing with the development, modelling and simulation of chemical reactions in corotating twin-screw extruders.
Kinetic Study on a Commercial Amorphous Hydrocracking Catalyst by Weighted Lumping Strategy
Authors: Sadighi Sepehr , Ahmad Arshad , Irandoukht Akbar
Published: March 2010

Hydrocracking is an important upgrading process in the petroleum refinery, and it is generally used to process feedstocks ranging from vacuum gas oil (VGO) to vacuum residue. In this work, hydrocracking of VGO using a dual functional amorphous catalyst was carried out at a pilot scale unit under the following reaction conditions: liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) from 1 to 1.5 hr-1 and reaction temperatures of 360-440°C at the constant pressure and hydrogen to oil, 156 bar and 1780 Nm3/m3, respectively. The effluent of the reactor was characterized to dry gas, naphtha, kerosene, diesel and unconverted VGO or residue. The pilot tests demonstrated that performing experiments beyond the temperature, recommended by catalyst vendor, lead the process to unstable hydrocracking. To describe the yield of hydrocracking products a five-lump discrete lumping approach with ten reactions was proposed. At first, the kinetic model contained twenty kinetic constants which were estimated by using the conventional objective function. The estimated parameters showed that the tendency of the catalyst to convert VGO to gas and naphtha was negligible whilst rate constants for hydrocracking of VGO to middle distillates were considerably high which was compatible with the nature of amorphous hydrocracking catalysts. After evaluating the magnitude of reaction rates and eliminating the ignorable constants, the network was reduced to six reactions in which only nine parameters were needed. The predictions indicated that the latter network could fit the yield of products more acceptable as if the average absolute deviation between experimental and calculated yields was descended from 16.25% to 12.6%. Then, to have a better prediction, a weighted objective function was used in which weight factors were calculated by a proposed weighted least square expression. The results confirmed that this approach could reduce average absolute deviation of model to 10.75%, and it created a fairly even distribution of deviation between hydrocracking products.