bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increasing COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake in the United States: Addressing Reasons for Vaccine Hesitancy through Effective Communications & Reform
Authors: Wisley Miranda
Published: August 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has and is still adding tremendous morbidity and mortality globally. Although vaccines are a major component in combatting COVID-19 and are widely available in the U.S., vaccine uptake is a major hurdle with 24% of the population having not received any dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. Literature review of reasons for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among adults in the United States. 27 articles included from PubMed and analyzed to find date of study, method of survey, population studied and generalization ability, and reasons for vaccine hesitancy or refusal. Most studies were cross-sectional surveys (88.89%) and conducted online (59.25%). Sample size ranged from 58 to 458,235. Populations studied include nationally representative U.S. (25.9%), specific populations within the U.S. (37.0%), specific locations within the U.S. (22.2%), and healthcare workers (14.8%). The most common reason for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is concern about side effects and general safety concerns (57.14%). Other significant reasons include: additional information needed (21.42%), distrust (14.28%), no reason/don’t know (3.57%), and antivaccine beliefs (3.57%). Just over half (51.8%) of studies were conducted before the FDA EUA of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine, while 37.0% were after, and 11.1% spanned the time period or had follow-up surveys. To increase uptake among those who are still hesitant of COVID-19 vaccines, the American healthcare and education system must go through reform to ensure healthcare for all and address systemic racism. While increasing representation in health fields, already working clinicians can promote vaccinations through strengthening their patient relationships, following up on vaccination status, sharing educational resources and personal stories, and promoting community efforts. Teachers and schools can implement lessons on immunizations and disease. Communication efforts from institutions and local community organizations must work to increase trust, address fear of side effects, and combat misinformation. Promotion of social values and self-efficacy, as well as authentic community investment and engagement, can increase trust and vaccination levels.
An Evaluation of the Human Impact of Climatic Factors in Cook County, Illinois
Authors: Thiru Shankar
Published: August 2022

Global warming, or more precisely global climate change, has garnered increasing recognition in the last few decades. However, what may not be immediately apparent are its local effects; the local manifestations of climate change in Cook County, Illinois are alarming. Observed changes in the climate have been persistent for decades or even longer. Projected temperatures are expected to rise, and consequently, flooding will increase. This study aims to correlate these climatic changes to the exacerbation of environmental injustices inherent due to the historical redlining practices of Cook County. The evidence suggests that climatic factors, such as flooding and rising temperatures, have played a compounding role in the obstacles faced by disadvantaged communities residing in Cook County.
Review Paper on 5G Network
Authors: Mr. Praadep Nayak  , Swathi R N  , Thirtha  , Vaishnavi A S
Published: August 2022

Everyone loves speed and besides speedy internet so it is not surprising that all the major telecommunications companies in the world is working to make it even faster. Smartphones, watches, homes and cars require more and more stable internet connections. In order to survive in the world where in every second the speed changes and where we ask for more and more technology, here comes the fifth generation technology: 5G. In future any world beyond 4Gsome of the main goals to be achived are increased capacity, improved data rate, decreased latency, and quality service. To meet these demands, large-scale improvements in the cellular architecture of 5G network is required for This paper basically emphasizes the 5 th generation i.e. 5G mobile network architecture and some of the emerging essential technologies that can provefruitful in humanizing the architecture and meeting the demands of users. This paper contents with 5g related details with the prime focus on the massive technology of multiple input and multiple output and device-to-device communication (D2D). 5G with public credible cellular network architecture is being proposed with the guideline taken from the internet books and by the detailed study of the topic.
Experimental Investigation into Heat Transfer Enhancement of Phase Change Material
Authors: Nagesh Gite  , Jaipreet Singh Bali  , Raj Jindam  , Manas Kapole  , S. S. Mundra
Published: August 2022

It is known fact that thermal energy storage system is very promising technique used for storing energy. The present work investigates the performance of Latent heat storage system (LHS) using phase change material (PCM) i.e paraffin wax during charging and discharging. There are number of ways to improve thermal performance of energy storage systems. Thermal conductivity of PCM can be improved by addition of high thermal conductive nano particles. In this work, Latent heat storage experimental set up has been developed and series of experiments have been carried out. An appropriate geometry in the form of a concentric double pipe heat storage unit is chosen. Graphene Nanoparticles (GNP) are added to improve the thermal conductivity of PCM and its effect has been investigated. Charging and discharging performances have been evaluated in terms of contours of temperature and liquid fraction variation for both plain PCM and PCM with 3% GNP for process parameters such as Stephen number (St) and Reynolds number (Re). The obtained contours help in predicting and drawing concluding remarks for the effect of addition of GNP on charging and discharging performances of PCM..
The use of wide and narrow-band telescopes in the tasks of asteroid-comet danger
Authors: Крючков С.В. , Николенко И.В. , Ибрагимов М.А. , Крючков М.С. , Аршинкин С.С.
Published: August 2022

В статье обсуждается комплексное использование широкопольных и узкопольных телескопов в поисковых и наблюдательных задачах, связанных с астероидно-кометной опасностью. Рассматривается возможность создания 2-уровневой системы обнаружения и исследования АСЗ. На инструментах 1-ого уровня происходит обнаружение объекта («барьерный уровень»). На инструменте(-ах) 2-ого уровня осуществляется исследование обнаруженного объекта («прецизионный уровень»). На 1-ом уровне для обнаружения АСЗ используются широкоугольные телескопы с малыми апертурами (характерные размеры апертур 0.2-0.5 м, характерные поля зрения 3-5 угловых градуса). Далее, координаты обнаруженных объектов передаются («подхватываются»/«follow-up») основным инструментом(-ами) 2-го уровня, на котором проводится дальнейшее исследование объекта (получение прецизионной координатной и некоординатной информации). Характерные показатели инструмента 2-го уровня - размер апертуры 1 м и более, поля зрения 0.1-1 угловых градуса. В статье также описана система управления 1-м телескопом, позволяющая автоматизировать описанный процесс наблюдений.

The article discusses the complex use of wide-field and narrow-field telescopes in search and observation tasks related to asteroid-comet danger. The possibility of creating a 2-level system of detection and investigation of ASZ is being considered. On the instruments of the 1st level, an object is detected (“barrier level”). On the instrument(s) of the 2nd level, the detected object is examined (“precision level”). At the 1st level, wide-angle telescopes with small apertures (characteristic aperture sizes are 0.2-0.5 meters, characteristic fields of view are 3-5 angular degrees) are used to detect ASPs. Further, the coordinates of the detected objects are transmitted (“picked up”/“follow-up”) by the main tool(s) of the 2nd level, at which further investigation of the object is carried out (obtaining precision coordinate and non-coordinate information). Characteristic indicators of the 2nd level instrument are the aperture size of 1 meter or more, the field of view is 0.1-1 angular degrees. The article also describes the control system of the 1st telescope, which allows automating the described observation process.
Determination of orbits of unnumbered minor planets
Authors: Кузнецов В.Б.
Published: August 2022

Настоящая работа посвящена результатам определения предварительных орбит ненумерованных малых планет и их последующего улучшения. Для определения предварительных орбит использовался метод, предложенный в работах автора для любого количества наблюдений больше или равного трем. Он основывается на поиске решений минимумов двумерной целевой функции и позволяет находить несколько орбит по данному набору наблюдений. Данный метод может быть успешно применен к наблюдениям на интервалах в несколько недель. Для определения предварительных орбит малых планет на практике используются интервалы в несколько суток. Вопрос о применимости данного метода для них исследуется в данной статье. В силу того, что определялись первоначальные орбиты для малых планет, то критерием сравнения для них брались улучшенные по всем наблюдениям (при числе больше трех) элементы, в частности, эксцентриситет. Отношение числа гиперболических орбит к эллиптическим, с практической точки зрения, должно быть мало и позволяет оценить качество их определения. В качестве предельного случая определения орбит рассматриваются наборы изолированных треков, на интервалах в десяти и сотые доли суток.

The current work is devoted to the results of determination a preliminary orbits of unnumbered minor planets and its follow improvement. The author’s method for three and more observations was used for preliminary orbits determination. It is based on searching of solutions of minimums of two-dimensional goal function. This is allowed to find a few orbits on present set of data. Such methodic is successful for time intervals in few weeks. In practice, the intervals of few days for preliminary orbits determination of minor planets are used. The question of application of our method for such minor planets is explored in current paper. Such as these are preliminary orbits for minor planets, then the criteria of comparison of improvement elements by all observations (more than three) especially eccentricity are used. The relation of hyperbolic orbits number to elliptical one is criteria of their quality. As limit case, the determination of orbits of isolated tracks on intervals at tenth and hundredth part of day are investigated.
Determination of the dynamic and physical parameters of near-Earth asteroids from observations
Authors: Кузнецов Э.Д. , Вибе Ю.З. , Гламазда Д.В. , Кайзер Г.Т. , Крушинский В.В. , Крючков С.В. , Нароенков С.А. , Перминов А.С.
Published: August 2022

На телескопах СБГ Коуровской астрономической обсерватории УрФУ и Цейсс-1000 Симеизской обсерватории ИНАСАН выполнены позиционные и многоцветные фотометрические наблюдения астероидов, сближающихся с Землей. По результатам позиционных наблюдений на телескопе СБГ для астероидов (52768) 1998 OR2, (65690) 1991 DG, (159857) 2004 LJ1, (326732) 2003 HB6, (332446) 2008 AF4, (388945) 2008 TZ3, 2015 NU13 получены улучшенные элементы орбит и оценки ускорения A 2 , обусловленного влиянием эффекта Ярковского. По фотометрическим наблюдениям на телескопе СБГ оценены периоды осевого вращения астероидов (137170) 1999 HF1, (159857) 2004 LJ1, (326732) 2003 HB6. По результатам фотометрических наблюдений в фильтрах B, V, R, I на телескопе Цейсс-1000 получены показатели цвета для астероидов (137170) 1999 HF1, (138127) 2000 EE14, (153591) 2001 SN263, (159857) 2004 LJ1, (326732) 2003 HB6, 2010 TV149. Для трех астероидов по данным о показателях цвета оценен таксономический тип: астероид (153591) 2001 SN263 отнесен к типу C, (159857) 2004 LJ1 - к типу S, (326732) 2003 HB6 - к типу D.

We performed astrometric and multicolor photometric observations of near-Earth asteroids at the SBG telescope of the Kourovka Astronomical Observatory of the Ural Federal University and the Zeiss-1000 telescope of the Simeiz Observatory of INASAN. We improved orbital elements and estimated the A 2 acceleration due to the Yarkovsky effect for asteroids (52768) 1998 OR2, (65690) 1991 DG, (159857) 2004 LJ1, (326732) 2003 HB6, (332446) 2008 AF4, (388945) 2008 TZ3, 2015 NU13 from astrometric observations with the SBG telescope. Furthermore, we estimated the axial rotation periods of the asteroids (137170) 1999 HF1, (159857) 2004 LJ1, (326732) 2003 HB6 from photometric observations with the SBG telescope. We obtained color indices for the asteroids (137170) 1999 HF1, (138127) 2000 EE14, (153591) 2001 SN263, (159857) 2004 LJ1, (326732) 2003 HB6, 2010 TV149 from multicolor photometric observations with the Zeiss-1000 telescope. Furthermore, we estimated the taxonomic classes for three asteroids, according to the color indices: the asteroid (153591) 2001 SN263 has class C, (159857) 2004 LJ1 has class S, and (326732) 2003 HB6 has class D.
Türk Romanında Yemen İsyanları
Authors: KARACA YALÇIN Hünkar
Published: August 2022

Yemen, Osmanlı Devleti döneminde bölgede güçlü kabileler tarafından merkezî yönetim adına yönetilen bir vilayettir. Merkezî yönetimden uzak olması sebebiyle Yemen’de birçok sorun baş göstermiştir. Bu sorunlardan en bilineni İstanbul yönetimine karşı başlatılan isyanlardır. Hem coğrafi uzaklık hem bölge halkının Sünni yönetimden farklı inanç grupları tarafından yönlendirilmesi isyanlarda başlıca sebep olarak gösterilmekte iken Yemen bölgesinde yaşayan halkın yoksul olması da Osmanlı Devleti’ne karşı isyanların güç kazanmasının nedeni olarak kabul edilmektedir. Yemen; Süveyş Kanalı, Kızıldeniz ve Aden Körfezi ile olan bağlantıları dolayısıyla jeostratejik bir bölgedir. Bu sebeple Avrupalı sömürgeci devletlerin Hindistan’a ulaşmak için kontrol altında tutmak istedikleri bu alan istikrarsızlaştırılmak istenmiş, mezhep farkları gözetilerek toplum Sünniler ve Zeydîler olarak iki gruba bölünmüş ve imamlar tarafından yönlendirilmiştir. Bölgede güçlü ve toplumsal olaylarda halkı yönlendiren bu “imam”lar ise İmam Muhammed, İmam İdrisî ve İmam Yahya’dır. Siyasi olaylarla anılan Yemen’in politik konumu Türk edebiyatının da dikkatini çekmiştir. Böylece edebî sahada Yemen’in özel bir yeri olmuş, bilhassa romanlarda bölgede yaşanan siyasi olaylar, savaşlar ve isyanlar ele alınmıştır. Osmanlı Türk askerinin istikrarın sağlanması için verdiği mücadele ve bunun psiko-sosyal zemini bu romanların ana konusunu oluşturur. Bu makalenin amacı romanlarda Yemen bölgesinin yerini tespit etmek, Yemen isyanlarının nasıl ele alındığını incelemek ve bölgedeki isyanların arkasında yatan nedenleri edebiyat ve toplum çerçevesi içinde değerlendirmektir.
Hulûsî Efendi ve Vahdetnâme-i Hulûsî
Authors: UÇAR Abdullah
Published: August 2022

Klasik Türk edebiyatında divanlarda, mesnevilerde tevhit türünde manzumeler yer alırken dinî ve tasavvufî muhtevalı manzum ve mensur eserlerden bir kısmına vahdetnâme ismi verilmiştir. Vahdetnâme yazan şairlerden biri de Hulûsî Efendi'dir. Hangi yüzyılda yaşadığı tespit edilemeyen Hulûsî Efendi'nin kaleme aldığı eserin ismi Vahdetnâme-i Hulûsî'dir. Vahdetnâme-i Hulûsî, Hulûsî mahlasıyla şiirler yazan dîvân/tekke şairinin eseridir. Eser, İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi Atatürk Kitaplığı Bel_Yz_K0387 numarada kayıtlı olan yazmanın 1b-11a yaprakları arasında yer almaktadır. Beş farklı nazım şekliyle ve beş farklı nazım türüyle kaleme alınan, 29 manzumeden oluşan Vahdetnâme-i Hulûsî'nin telif ve istinsah tarihleri de tespit edilememiştir. Bu çalışmada öncelikle Türk edebiyatındaki manzum vahdetnâmeler ile ilgili genel bilgi verilmiş, sonra klasik kaynaklarda hakkında bilgi bulunmayan Vahdetnâme-i Hulûsî adlı eser tanıtılmıştır. Vahdetnâmenin müellifinin Hulûsî Efendi olduğu bilinse de hayatı hakkında kaynaklarda bilgi bulunmamaktadır. Çalışmanın asıl bölümünde ise Vahdetnâme-i Hulûsî şekil, muhteva ve dil açısından incelenecektir. Çalışmanın sonunda Vahdetnâme-i Hulûsî'nin tek nüsha üzerinden hazırlanan çeviri yazılı metni verilmiştir.
Türkçe “Mondegreen”ler ve Bunların Ortaya Çıkma Nedenleri Üzerine
Authors: ÇELİK Anıl
Published: August 2022

“Mondegreen”ler, bir ifadenin veya şarkı sözünün yanlış işitilmesi veya yanlış yorumlanmasından kaynaklanan sözcük dizileridir. Türkçe dışında birçok dildeki “mondegreen”ler üzerine muhtelif dil araştırmaları yapılmış ve bunların fonetik ya da fonolojik özellikleri ortaya konmuştur. Bu çalışmada ise Türkçe “mondegreen”ler dilsel açıdan ele alınmış ve bunların ortaya çıkışındaki fonetik ya da fonolojik nedenler Türk dili açısından değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu yapılırken “mondegreen”ler ile ilgili literatür özetine değinilmiş, çalışmanın yöntem ve hedefleri açıklanmış ve Türkçeden seçilen çeşitli “mondegreen” örnekleri üzerinden fonetik ya da fonolojik birçok yorum ortaya konmuştur. Böylelikle, Türkçe “mondegreen”lerin ortaya çıkma sebepleri ve dil özellikleri dikkatlere sunulmuş, sağlıklı bir iletişimin sağlanması yolunda bir engel olarak değerlendirilebilecek yanlış işitmelerin Türk dilindeki yapısı hakkında çeşitli tespitler dile getirilmiştir. Türkçe “mondegreen”lerin dil yapılarını ve meydana çıkış nedenlerini ortaya koymak, diğer dillerdeki “mondegreen” yapıları ile Türk dilindeki “mondegreen” yapılarının dilsel anlamda karşılaştırılmasına olanak sağlayacak, böylece yanlış işitmelerin çeşitli dillerdeki karakteristik nitelikleri hakkında ortak birtakım çıkarımlar yapılabilmesine ortam hazırlayarak sağlıklı iletişimin unsurlarını anlama yolunda bir katkı sunmuş olacaktır.
Azerbaycan ve Türkiye Türkçesi’nde Ortak Kullanılan Atasözlerinin Konuları Üzerine
Authors: MEMMEDOV Rövşen
Published: August 2022

Atasözleri, sözlü edebiyattan günümüze kadar korunarak ulaşan sözlü kültürün kıymetli bir parçasıdır. Bir ulusun milli değerlerinin bir göstergesi olarak kabul edilen atasözleri, kendi içinde büyük bir miras barındırmaktadır. Dedelerimizden, atalarımızdan gelen bu nasihat dolu sözlerde ifade edilen hikmetle, bir milletin, bir ulusun ve nesillerin zekâ ışığında ortaya çıkan ahlâk, değer, felsefe, milli idrak ve düşünce ile tanışırız. Milletin tarihini, kültürünü, örf-adet ve geleneklerini yansıtması açısından atasözleri oldukça büyük önem taşımaktadır. İnsanlar, günlük yaşamlarını, geleneklerini, etik ve estetik değerlerini poetik biçimde atasözlerine yansıtmışlardır. Tarihi geçmişimizin ruhunu kendisinde barındıran atasözleri, bir hikmet hazinesidir. Hayat, yaşam, doğa, hayvancılık gibi çeşitli konularda ele alınan bu öğüt verici sözler, dil zenginliği ve anlatım gücüyle de dikkat çeker. Eski Türk yapıtlarından başlayarak günümüze kadar gelen atasözleri, Türk coğrafyasında zaman zaman kullanım ve anlam değişimine uğramıştır. Ama genel anlamda, bu hikmet dolu sözlerin ortak şekilde kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Zengin bir kültüre sahip olan Türk Dünyasının büyük tarihi geçmişinin öğrenilmesi açısından atasözlerinin araştırılması, öğrenilmesi ve gelecek kuşaklara aktarılması bu büyük coğrafyanın sosyo-kültürel hayatının nasıl geliştiğini ortaya koyan önemli göstergedir. Atasözleri, bir milletin milli kimliğinin, zekâ birliğinin aydın bir tezahürüdür.Bu çalışmada Azerbaycan ve Türkiye sahasında ortak kullanılan atasözleri ele alınmış, anlam bakımından tahlil edilmiştir. Çalışmada dağ kavramı, hayvan isimleri, nasihatlerle ilgili atasözlerine yer verilmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı Türkiye ve Anadolu sahasında ortak kullanılan atasözlerinin anlam bakımından taranması ve tahlil edilmesidir. Araştırma sonucunda Türklerin benzer coğrafyada yaşayarak ortak geçmişe ve kültüre sahip oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada Ömer Asım Aksoy’un “Atasözleri ve Deyimler Sözlüğü” (1995), Celal Beydili’nin “Atalar Sözleri” (2004), Ebülgasım Hüseynzade’nin “Atalar Sözleri (1985) ve Metanet Yakupkızı’nın “Atalar Sözleri” (2013) kitaplarından derlemeler yapılmıştır.
Divan Şiirinde Şeyhülislam Ebûishakzâde Mehmed Esad Efendi’nin Devlet Adamlığı Özellikleri: Nef’î Divanı Örneği
Authors: MENTEŞE Merve
Published: August 2022

Divan şiirinde insan ve insanla ilgili görünüşler oldukça fazla yer almaktadır. Bu görünüşler şiirlerde tipler ve kişilikler olarak varlığını göstermiştir. Bir Divanıhümayun üyesi olan ve şeyhülislamlık görevini icra eden Ebûishakzâde Mehmed Esad Efendi de tarihî kişilikler arasında yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada klasik Türk şiirindeki devlet adamlığı vasıflarının Ebûishakzâde Mehmed Esad Efendi için şiirlerde nasıl kullanıldığı incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın başlangıcında biyografisine değinilen Ebûishakzâde Mehmed Esad Efendi’nin şiirlerde yer alan özelliklerinin biyografisiyle örtüşüp örtüşmediği ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışmada klasik Türk şiirindeki devlet adamlığı vasıfları kişisel özellikler ile devlet ve toplum değerleri şeklinde iki gruba ayrılarak incelenmiştir. Ebûishakzâde Mehmed Esad Efendi’nin en fazla ve en çeşitli özelliklerinin bulunduğu divan olan Nef’î Divanı belirlenmiştir. Her özellik için yapılan kısa açıklamanın ardından örnek beyitler ve beyitlerde özellikleri yansıtan kelime, tamlama, mısra gibi öğeler anlamlarıyla birlikte gösterilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonunda elde edilen verilerin istatiksel sonuçlarını gösteren tablolar yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmayla klasik Türk şiirinde bir devlet adamı için yer alan devlet adamlığı vasıflarının miktarı ve çeşitliliği ile devlet adamının görev hayatındaki başarısı arasındaki ilişki ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.
Tang Dönemindeki Üç Saray Darbesinin Ortak Özelliği: Konargöçer Askerler
Authors: KAPUSUZOĞLU Gökçen
Published: August 2022

Çin’in Tang Hanedanı dönemi Türklerle Çinlilerin en yoğun etkileşim içinde olduğu dönemdir. Bu dönemde iki halk arasında sosyal ve kültürel etkileşim meydana gelmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra askerî anlamda da etkileşim söz konusu olmuştur. Hem Türk hem de Türk kültür çevresinden diğer halklardan pek çok kişi Tang ordusunda komutan ve asker olarak görev yapmıştır. Bunlar özellikle Jin Jun adı verilen Hükümdarlık Ordusu’nda üst düzey görevlerde bulunan konargöçer geleneğinden gelen askerlerdir. Çin’in en parlak dönemi olan Tang Hanedanı döneminde taht mücadeleleri de kendini göstermiştir ve bu amaçla saray darbeleri yapılmıştır. Bu darbelerden üçü olan ve Tang tarihinde önemli izler bırakan Shenlong, Jinglong ve Tanglong darbeleri yabancı komutanların ve askerlerin olduğu birliklerin askerî desteği sayesinde yapılabilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Tang dönemi saray darbelerinde aktif rol oynayan Yulin Ordusu ve askerleri hakkında bilgi verilmiş, Çin’in kronolojik tarih kaynaklarından Zizhi Tongjian’e göre bu üç darbenin meydana gelişleri açıklanmış ve konargöçer geleneğinden gelen askerlerin darbelerdeki rolü ile etkinliği incelenmiştir.
Okumayı Etkileyen Psikolojik Faktörler
Authors: GÖKSEL Ayşegül
Published: August 2022

Türkçe derslerinin amacı temel dil becerileri gelişmiş, dinlediklerini, okuduklarını doğru ve tam anlayabilen, duygu ve düşüncelerini etkili bir biçimde sözlü veya yazılı olarak aktarabilen bireyler yetiştirmektir. Okuma, en sık kullanılan dil becerilerinden biridir. Yıllarca okumanın davranışsal boyutu üzerinde odaklanılmıştır. Oysa tutum, kaygı, ilgi, motivasyon, öz yeterlik gibi duyuşsal etmenlerin de okuma üzerinde mühim tesiri bulunmaktadır. Dolayısıyla başarılı bir okuma yaşantısının oluşturulması ve nitelikli okurların yetiştirilmesi sürecinde okumayı etkileyen psikolojik faktörlerin de dikkate alınması gerekmektedir.Bu çalışmanın amacı, okuma psikolojisi konusunu tutum, ilgi, motivasyon, kaygı, özyeterlik kavramlarından yararlanarak açıklamaktır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum deseni ile yapılandırılan çalışmada ilk olarak araştırma sorusuna uygun biçimde konunun bütün boyutlarının incelendiği bir literatür taraması yapılarak okuma ve psikoloji kavramları ile ilgili temel başlıklar belirlenmiştir. Ardından okuma ve psikoloji ilişkisi bağlamında okumayı etkileyen duyuşsal özelliklerden tutum, öz yeterlik, kaygı, ilgi ve motivasyon kavramları açıklanarak okuma ile ilişkileri gözler önüne serilmiştir. Tutum, öz yeterlik, kaygı, ilgi, motivasyon gibi unsurların dikkate alınması hem okuduğunu anlamaya yardımcı olur hem de akademik başarının artmasına katkı sağlar. Bu bağlamda okumayı etkileyen psikolojik faktörlerle ilgili kısıtlı çalışmaların olduğu belirlenmiş, bu konuyu ele alan araştırmaların artırılması gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Qualitative Screening of Bioactive Compounds in Roots of Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.)
Authors: Dadhwal Pooja , Dhingra Harish Kumar
Published: August 2022

Sea buckthorn is a deciduous ancient plant, which gained worldwide attention mainly of its extensive nutritional and medicinal potential. Presence of various kinds of bioactive compounds makes it more potent and increases its nutritional value. Many studies shows that the Sea buckthorn plant (berries, leaves, stem, bark) contain the vital chemicals and nutritional constituents like flavonoids, terpenoids, organic acids, coumarins, alkaloids, steroids, phenolic acids, carotenoids, amino acids, tannins, saponins, vitamin C and Lycopene and polyphenols. SBT shows antimicrobial and antiviral properties. It was proved that SBT extensive role in the management and lower the risk of heart related disease, tumors, and diabetes, as well as gastrointestinal and dermatology. Every part of the sea buckthorn plant like (berries, seeds, roots, leaves, stems, and thorns) has significance role in medicinal, cosmeceutical, and nutraceutical field and finds a wide variety of applications and utilization in making more than 200 products worldwide.
Utilization of Extracted Natural Dye from Tectona grandis (Teak) as a Sensitizer for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell
Authors: A. Alamu Qudus , Pamilerin Adara Peace , M. Kofoworola Awodele , O. Oyeshola Hakeem
Published: August 2022

Cost and energy payback time in relation to solar cell performances is one of the key parameters considered for mass application. In this research work, a low-cost, easily fabricated, and the more eco-friendly photovoltaic device was successfully developed using the dye synthesized from teak plant leaves. The dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is made up of photoelectrode and counter electrodes. The photoelectrode was prepared by depositing zinc paste on an active area of 1cm2 of an Indium tin oxide (ITO) glass. The glass was annealed at a temperature of 4500C for 30 minutes and stained in a beaker containing teak dye (a dye extracted using ethanol) for 24 hours. Another ITO glass was placed some centimeters above a candle flame to form the counter electrode; the effect was a dark-shaded ITO glass. To have working DSSCs, a binder clip was introduced to couple the two electrodes and three drops of iodine (as an electrolyte) were dropped in between the electrodes to complete the fabrication process. The ethanol-extracted dye has an absorption spectrum of 342 nm at a small peak and a broad absorption wavelength in the range of 412-664 nm. The power conversion efficiency (ƞ) of 0.44% was achieved through the developed solar cell.
A Comparative Assessment of Methods of Demonstrating Amyloidosis in Human Tissue
Authors: Okobi Okelue E. , Iyevhobu Kenneth O. , Ozobokeme Oyintoun-emi , Akinsola Zainab , Odedina Josephine , Onyechi Nkemputaife P. , Ajibowo Abimbola O. , Olawoye Adedoyin , Nwanguma Adaugo N.
Published: August 2022

This study compared methods of demonstrating amyloidosis in human tissues to recommend suitable staining methods in resource-poor settings. Human Liver and kidney tissues were collected and fixed in 10% formal saline for 24 hours. Liver and kidney sections were obtained from post-mortem samples. Samples were cut with a thickness of 3mm in the cutting-up room. The selected tissues were placed in tissue baskets carefully labeled and processed histologically. The tissues were processed using an automatic tissue processor. The staining methods employed in staining the sections were modified Highman’s Congo Red, Metachromatic Crystal Violet method, and Toluidine blue methods. The results showed the different staining reactions of the liver and kidney tissues to special these stains. The demonstration of amyloidosis using modified Highman’s Congo Red method appeared as red in both the liver and kidney tissue micrographs. The demonstration of amyloidosis using Metachromatic Crystal Violet stain appeared as blue in both the liver and kidney tissue micrograph. Furthermore, the demonstration of amyloidosis using Toluidine blue stain appeared as blue and red pigments in both the liver and kidney tissue micrograph. However, this staining was properly differentiated in all the tissues.
The Profiles and Clinical Outcome of Stapled Hemorrhoidopexy and Open Hemorrhoidectomy Patients: A Five-Year Study in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Indonesia
Authors: Kusuma Andy Pranata , Septarendra Denny
Published: August 2022

Background: There are various surgical methods for hemorrhoid. Currently, there is no data regarding the profile and clinical outcome of surgery on internal hemorrhoids, especially between open hemorrhoidectomy and stapled hemorhoidopexy at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital. We aimed to describe the profile and outcome of internal hemorrhoidal patients. Methods: We collected samples from all patients with internal hemorrhoid who visited the emergency department and outpatient from January 2018 – to April 2022. The data are secondary data taken from medical records. We collected patients’ demographic data (e.g., age and sex), disease severity, comorbidities, therapies, length of stay, and complications. Results: We recruited a total of 615 patients, consisted of 47 cases (7.6%) undergoing hospitalization and 568 (92.4%) outpatient treatment. Male patients dominate the distribution by sex, either in inpatient or outpatient settings. The mean age of patients is 46.6 years for outpatients and 44.6 years for inpatients. The majority of internal hemorrhoid grading is grade 2 for outpatient and grade 3 for inpatient. Most of the patients who came with comorbidities had metabolic disorders (48.1%). The stapled hemorrhoidopexy procedure has a fairly low level of pain than open hemorrhoidectomy. In this study, it was found that the average length of stay of patients after stapled hemorhoidopexy was shorter than open hemorrhoidectomy. Conclusion: Internal hemorrhoid patients who underwent the most surgeries at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya is a male aged > 50 years with grade 3. Stapled hemorrhoidopexy has fewer pain complications than open hemorrhoidectomy and shorter length of stay.
Clinical Features and Outcome of General Surgery Patients with COVID-19 Infection in General Surgery Department
Authors: Winantyo Vania Idelia , Sahudi Sahudi
Published: August 2022

Background: COVID-19 has remarkable impacts on all aspect of healthcare system. Many centres reported a decrease of emergency cases, and most of the elective cases is postponed. In this study we aimed to examine the demographic data, clinical profiles, and outcomes of subjects infected with COVID-19 in General Surgery Department. Methods: Seventy patients were admitted in General Surgery Department with confirmed-COVID-19 infection during May 1, 2020 – April 31, 2021. COVID-19 infection was diagnosed using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis. We collected patients’ data from the medical records. Results: Sixty-one patients (87.1%) were emergency cases. Thirty-two patients (45.7%) were treated operatively. The most prevalent cases were from digestive surgery (44.3%). Most of the patients contracted COVID-19 before the admission in the hospital (74.3%). We found that 43 patients had at least 1 comordity (61.4%) and 67 patients developed complications during treatment (95.7%). There was a significant association between the case of ARDS and the clinical outcome (P < 0.0001; OR = 45.000; 95% CI = 5.310–381.356). There was no significant association found between sex, age, comorbidity hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: Comorbidity and complication was found to be highly prevalent in COVID-19 patients with poor outcome in General Surgery Department.
Application of Cutting-Edge Tools in Built Environment Architecture Research: Prospects and Challenges
Authors: Ciroma Fatima Baba , Sagad Musa Lawal , Obaje Juliet Azuka
Published: August 2022

The rapid technological advancements in the 21st century have been galvanized by the development of innovative tools which have aided research undertakings that have yielded breakthroughs whose influence is ubiquitous in human society. At the center of this research are higher institutions of learning like universities and other advanced research institutes. To meet the expected level of output and innovations, these institutions rely on cutting-edge tools for problem formulation and investigation, information dissemination, and data analytics. One such area of research is the built environment in which architecture plays a central role. To be effective, modern architectural designs and practices require the use of cutting-edge tools which are undergirded by technology in order to meet the demands of an evolving human society. It is against this backdrop that this paper investigates the prospects and challenges of applying innovative tools in the field of architectural research for the built environment. Four tools that are tangential to this study are DepthMapX, AutoCAD, MATLAB, and SPSS. The paper will examine these tools and the advantages these tools bring to architectural built environment research, and the likely challenges to be encountered if these tools are to be fully utilized. The context of this study is the tertiary level of education in Nigeria.
Prevalence of Stunting on Toddler in Puskesmas Wajak
Authors: Deakandi Wika Yuli , Yudiansyah Anggi Gilang , Putri Alifiani Kartika , Pertiwi Pyarkatariana Putri Eka , Muntadiroh Mayvita , Wardati Firsania Bunga
Published: August 2022

Background: Stunting is a condition of chronic nutritional deficiency which can negative short and long-term impacts on children. Malang Regency is one of the 100 priority districts for stunting intervention in Indonesia with 27.28% stunting prevalence. Puskesmas Wajak (Community Health Center) in Malang Regency has one national stunting locus and three district stunting loci. Based on this, it is necessary to describe the incidence of stunting in the Wajak Community Health Center Work Area based on the year 2020 as the latest data. Methods: A descriptive observational with a quantitative approach study was conducted in August-September 2021 with total sampling from secondary data of stunted children aged 0-59 months in “Weighing Month” of February 2020 was 510 children and in the “Weighing Month” of August 2020 was 327 children from thirteen villages in the Puskesmas Wajak. The data was then analyzed by univariate analysis which resulted in the distribution and percentage of the nominal variables and presented in the form of narratives, tables, and graphs. Results: Based on gender, most children have stunting than severe stunting, male: female, 89%:85.7% in February and 91.6%:95% in August. Based on age, the incidence of stunting mostly happened at the age of 24-59 months (59.4% and 63.3%). Conclusion: Stunting mostly happened in males than females and at the age of 24-59 months. Based on the distribution, the highest incidence of stunting was in Blayu and Sukoanyar villages.
The Effects of Delay and Time Management Building Construction: A Review
Authors: Ibrahim Akanbi Toyin , Sirajo Abdulrashid , Ibrahim Aliyu Hassan
Published: August 2022

Risk management helps the key project participants client, contractor or developer, consultant, and supplier to meet their commitments and minimize negative impacts on construction project performance in relation to cost, time, quality and safety. A construction risk is very important the process of construction, whose occurrence results in uncertainty as to the final cost, duration and safety in construction site. The objective of this review includes identification of the causes of delays in Nigerian Construction Projects, the perceptions of the different parties regarding causes of delays, the allocation of responsibilities and the types of delays, and the consequences of delay project management. We also highlight efficient ways of meeting the targeted time management in construction.
Strength Properties of Clay Based Geopolymer Concrete Using Spent Filter Sand as Fine Aggregates
Authors: G.O. Ufuoma , B.E. Yabefa , S.T. Orumu
Published: August 2022

The high cost of construction materials around the globe has encouraged researchers to make findings on the use of materials within their locality for infrastructure development. This will reduce both construction cost, and environmental pollution caused by manufacturing materials such as Portland Limestone Cement (PLC) which comes with CO2 emission. Hence, this study examined the strength properties of clay based geopolymer concrete made with spent filter sand as fine aggregates. The strength properties of the concrete were tested after curing for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The results showed that, the clay soil is under class C ash (sum of acidic oxide equals 55.83%). The highest compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength in 28 days are respectively; 30.33 N/mm2, 6.41 N/mm2, and 6.30 N/mm2. There was good strength development as the curing days increased generally. Hence, the use of SFS in clay based geopolymer concrete did not compromise the strength of the concrete but instead improved the tensile strength and flexural strength by more than 100%.
Effects of Fermented Banana Stem as Corn Substitutes on Performance and Protein Utilization in Growing-Finishing Pigs
Authors: Dhema Mikaela , Nalley W. Marlene , Aryanta I Made S. , Suryani Ni Nengah , Hine Thomas Mata
Published: August 2022

The objective of this study was to test banana stem silage as a substitute for corn on the performance and protein utilization rate of Duroc crosses pigs in the rearing phase. A total of 12 Duroc crosses pigs in the rearing phase with an average initial weight of 51.25 kg (KV = 7.02%). A completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replicates was used in this study. The treatments were T0: ration without a mixture of fermented banana stems (FBS), T1: ration with 5% FBS instead of cornmeal, T2: ration with 10% FBS instead of cornmeal, and T3: ration with 15% FBS instead of cornmeal. The variables measured were ration consumption, daily weight gain, ration utilization and protein utilization efficiency. The results showed that the use of FBS up to 15% (instead of 40% corn) had no effect on ration consumption, daily weight gain, ration utilization and protein utilization efficiency. Therefore, it can be concluded that banana stems can be used at 15% in the ration of Duroc crosses pigs in the rearing phase as a substitute for corn meal.
Biomechanics Specialization in Aging Science and Research: Biomechanical Gerontology or Geronto-Biomechanics?
Authors: Rajkumar R. Vinodh
Published: August 2022

Aging process becomes a miserable phase of lifespan of various individuals. Gerontology and Geriatrics exclusively deal with researching complex human ailments pertinent to old age in order to overcome the challenges posed by several irreversible physiological changes occurring with aging. Inevitably, homeostasis declines and massive allostasis gets organized during aging to destroy the functional independence and survival potential. Controlling the rate of aging process is the only possible self-regulating strategy available to each individual to enjoy Morbidity-Attenuated Life Years (MALYs) but maintaining an optimal fitness competence to travel along the healthy aging trajectory is not effortlessly feasible regardless of the socioeconomic conditions. Fitness evaluations on different age groups enhances the understanding that the aging process might be a premature event among several individuals at an early age itself due to multifactorial reasons, and the biomechanical constraints displayed by such individuals expose the probable wide spectrum of postural and movement dysfunctions or disabilities of unhealthy older adults. Many such health-ruining erroneous postures and movements remain asymptomatic perilously, which when addressed during appropriate stage in life, could repair the impaired physical efficiency to sustain the abilities to counteract the effects of gravitational force on the body. The importance of early detection and rectification of such peculiar biomechanical dysfunctions should become an integral part of public health prophylaxis. The repertoire of biomechanical dysfunctions of premature unhealthy aging needs to be strongly merged with gerontology to strengthen the pursuits to retard unsuccessful aging and accomplish successful aging.

Keywords: Biogerontology, Biomechanics, Ageing Trajectory, Compression of Morbidity, Polypharmacy, Comorbidities, Successful Aging, Unsuccessful Aging.
Effectiveness of Programmed Instruction on Knowledge Regarding Health Problems of Primary School Children and Its Management Among Primary School Teachers
Authors: R Sunitha , Dharmarajan Dr. Babu
Published: August 2022

The present study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of programmed instruction on knowledge among primary school teachers about management health problems in primary school children. A quasi-experimental, one-group pre- and post-test research design was adopted to carry out the study. A self- administered knowledge questionnaire was used to collect the data among samples who were selected through purposive sampling technique. Results evidenced that there was a significant improvement in the overall posttest knowledge score while compared with overall pretest knowledge score. The calculated value was significantly higher than the table value, hence it is evident that the posttest knowledge of primary school teachers on management of common health problems were increased through the programmed instruction. Thus, increasing knowledge of primary school teachers regarding management of common preschool children health issues could provide an opportunity to protect the majority of young children.

Keywords: Primary school children; school teachers; health problems; instruction material
Understanding Renopathy Through the Lens of Unanipathy
Authors: Bokhari Prof. S J B
Published: August 2022

The prevalence of renal diseases has increased substantially and has currently emerged as a significant cause of mortality and morbidity. Renal disorders have always remained a major area of concern for Unani Scholars and therefore plethora of text is available in classical literature. Unani medicines are a principal form of health care for many and they have gained attention as an important means of health care coverage globally. In the context of renal disorders, the challenges and opportunities presented by Unani medicine practices are among the most important considerations for developing effective and sustainable public health strategies. However, little is known to the mainstream Nephrologists about the practices of Unani medicines in relation to renal disorders, especially concerning benefits and harms. Renal disorders may be caused, treated, prevented, improved, or worsened by unani medicines depending on the setting, the person, and the types, modes, and frequencies of unani medicine use. Given the profound knowledge gaps, nephrology practitioners and researchers may be uniquely positioned to facilitate more optimal public health strategies through recognition and understanding of time tested Unani medicine practices. Effective implementation of such strategies will require local partnerships, including engaging practitioners and users of Unani medicines. As such, practitioners and researchers investigating kidney diseases may be uniquely positioned to bridge the cultural, social, historical, and biologic differences between biomedicine and Unani medicine, and they have opportunities to lead efforts in developing public health strategies that are sensitive to these differences. This paper reviews the concepts of Unani System of medicine in understanding the Renopathy, the rationale for a global initiative to address this problem, may highlight the role of the interprofessional team in its management, as the epidemic of Renal disorders is global and the adverse outcomes are universal, as are the underlying science and evidence-based strategies for prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment.

Keywords: Renopathy, Unani Medicine; Amraze Kuliya, single drugs.
Quantitative Functional Recovery Assessment of Spinal Cord Injury by using “Spinal Cord Injury-Ability Realization Measurement Index (SCI-ARMI)”: An Observational Study
Authors: M. Koyani Dharmika , Sutaria Jayshree
Published: August 2022

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) refers to a physical injury to the spinal cord that distorts normal spinal cord function. The sudden occurrence of SCI leading to paralysis of the muscles below the level of injury leads to major functional limitations. Thus, the Spinal Cord Injury- Ability Realization Measurement Index (SCI-ARMI) tool was developed that evaluates functional recovery quantitatively.
Purpose: To assess changes in quantitative functional recovery before and after rehabilitation of spinal cord injury by using Quadric Formula of SCI-ARMI.
Methodology: SCI-ARMI was used as an outcome measure. Participants followed a routine conventional approach. They were assessed before starting inpatient rehabilitation and after 4 weeks of inpatient rehabilitation by taking Spinal Cord Independence Measure version III (SCIM-III) and AIS motor score (AMS) along with age and gender as a factor for calculation of SCI-ARMI.
Results: A highly significant difference was found with a p-value of <0.001. That is suggestive of significant changes in SCI-ARMI scores before and after conventional rehabilitation. Change in this score and improvement in functional performance was influenced by the conventional approach of inpatient rehabilitation.
Conclusion: The present study concludes that SCI ARMI is useful and effective tool that monitors achievement of rehabilitation potential and helps to observe changes in quantitative functional recovery in individuals with SCI.
Clinical Implication: SCI-ARMI is valid and reliable tool and also takes less time for calculation that can be incorporated into routine clinical assessment for the evaluation of functional performance and rehabilitation potential in SCI population.

Keywords: SCI-ARMI, Quantitative Functional Recovery, Spinal Cord Injury.
The Public Spheres in Medieval Islamic Societies
Authors: Muhammad Atta
Published: August 2022

In his book The Venture of Islam, Marshall Hodgson (d. 1968) draws our attention to distinctive religious institutions—i.e., the sharī‘ah law, waqf, and Sufi orders—that played a significant role in the social and civic life of medieval Islamicate society. This paper discusses how medieval Muslims, elite as well as non-elite, used their social agency in the public sphere. It evaluates the effectiveness of these civic institutions for the public good. It attempts to identify how these religious institutions served peoples’ religious, spiritual, social, political, and material needs. ‘Ulamā’, Sufis, rulers, the wealthy elite, and the commoners used their religious, social, and political agency in this sphere for the betterment of the common people. While challenging the medieval despotism thesis, this paper attempts to defend the argument that medieval Islamic society had public spaces in the form of waqf, sharī‘ah law, khānqāh, and madrasah in which the whole social strata participated. Significantly, this paper argues that medieval Islamic societies did not merely have a single authoritarian sphere of social activity in which only the elite had agency; rather, there were multiple public spheres where people, recruited from a range of private spheres, expressed different modes of social agency.