bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ab initio determination of electron affinity of polar nitride surfaces, clean and under Cs coverage
Authors: Strak Pawel , Kempisty Pawel , Sakowski Konrad , Krukowski Stanislaw
Published: February 2017

Ab initio simulations were used to determine electron affinity, work function, and ionization energy of AlN, GaN, and InN polar surfaces. The work function depends weakly on the doping in the bulk for the nitrides due to pinning of Fermi level at all polar surfaces. At the metal surface, it is smaller, equal to 3.87, 4.06, and 2.99 eV for AlN, GaN, and InN, respectively, while at the nitrogen side, it is much higher: 9.14, 9.02, and 8.24 eV. It was shown that the electron affinity and ionization potential do not obey the bandgap rule because of the quantum overlap repulsion of the surface and band states: conduction at the metal, and valence at the nitrogen side. The shift is substantial, even more than 1 eV, which may explain the first measured InN identified bandgap of 1.9 eV and the later much lower value of 0.7 eV. Cesium at both polar GaN surfaces does not create bonding states, nevertheless initially decreases electron affinity by charge transfer to surface states reducing electric dipole layer so that at some point the electron affinity becomes negative. At the Ga side, the positively charged Cs ions reduce the energy of Cs 6s states down to the Fermi level at about 0.3 monolayer (ML) coverage, the ionization of additional Cs adatoms is terminated, the electron affinity increases to saturate at 0.75 ML coverage. At the N-side, the Fermi level is pinned by N-broken bond states located close to the valence band maximum. At 0.75 ML Cs coverage, the nitrogen states are all filled, the additional Cs adatoms have to keep their electrons, and the Fermi level jumps from the N-state to the Cs 6s state in the bandgap, which drastically changes the work function. Additional Cs adatoms are not ionized; therefore, the electron affinity is steeply increasing.
Impact of the GeneXpert MTB/RIF Technology on Tuberculosis Control
Authors: Stevens Wendy Susan , Scott Lesley , Noble Lara , Gous Natasha , Dheda Keertan
Published: February 2017

Molecular technology revolutionized the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) with a paradigm shift to faster, more sensitive, clinically relevant patient care. The most recent molecular leader is the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay (Xpert) (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA), which was endorsed by the World Health Organization with unprecedented speed in December 2010 as the initial diagnostic for detection of HIV-associated TB and for where high rates of drug resistance are suspected. South Africa elected to take an aggressive smear replacement approach to facilitate earlier diagnosis and treatment through the decision to implement the Xpert assay nationally in March 2011, against the backdrop of approximately 6.3 million HIV-infected individuals, one of highest global TB and HIV coinfection rates, no available implementation models, uncertainties around field performance and program costs, and lack of guidance on how to operationalize the assay into existing complex clinical algorithms. South Africa’s national implementation was conducted as a phased, forecasted, and managed approach (March 2011 to September 2013), through political will and both treasury-funded and donor-funded support. Today there are 314 GeneXperts across 207 microscopy centers; over 8 million assays have been conducted, and South Africa accounts for over half the global test cartridge usage. As with any implementation of new technology, challenges were encountered, both predicted and unexpected. This chapter discusses the challenges and consequences of such large-scale implementation efforts, the opportunities for new innovations, and the need to strengthen health systems, as well as the impact of the Xpert assay on rifampin-sensitive and multidrug-resistant TB patient care that translated into global TB control as we move toward the sustainable development goals.
Health research capacity development in low and middle income countries: reality or rhetoric? A systematic meta-narrative review of the qualitative literature
Authors: Franzen Samuel R P , Chandler Clare , Lang Trudie
Published: January 2017

Objectives

Locally led health research in low and middle income countries (LMICs) is critical for overcoming global health challenges. Yet, despite over 25 years of international efforts, health research capacity in LMICs remains insufficient and development attempts continue to be fragmented. The aim of this systematic review is to identify and critically examine the main approaches and trends in health research capacity development and consolidate key thinking to identify a more coherent approach.

Methods

This review includes academic and grey literature published between January 2000 and July 2013. Using a predetermined search strategy, we systematically searched PubMed, hand-searched Google Scholar and checked reference lists. This process yielded 1668 papers. 240 papers were selected based on a priori criteria. A modified version of meta-narrative synthesis was used to analyse the papers.

Results

3 key narratives were identified: the effect of power relations on capacity development; demand for stronger links between research, policy and practice and the importance of a systems approach. Capacity development was delivered through 4 main modalities: vertical research projects, centres of excellence, North–South partnerships and networks; all were controversial, and each had their strengths and weaknesses. A plurality of development strategies was employed to address specific barriers to health research. However, lack of empirical research and monitoring and evaluation meant that their effectiveness was unclear and learning was weak.

Conclusions

There has been steady progress in LMIC health research capacity, but major barriers to research persist and more empirical evidence on development strategies is required. Despite an evolution in development thinking, international actors continue to use outdated development models that are recognised as ineffective. To realise newer development thinking, research capacity outcomes need to be equally valued as research outputs. While some development actors are now adopting this dedicated capacity development approach, they are in the minority.
Adult smokers’ perceptions of cigarette pack inserts promoting cessation: a focus group study
Authors: Moodie Crawford
Published: February 2017

Introduction

Tobacco companies have a long tradition of including promotional material within cigarette packs, such as cigarette cards and coupons. Only in Canada are they required, by the government, to include educational material within cigarette packs, in the form of inserts highlighting the benefits of quitting or providing tips on how to do so.

Methods

Twenty focus groups were conducted in Glasgow and Edinburgh in 2015, with smokers (n=120) segmented by age (16–17, 18–24, 25–35, 36–50, >50), gender and social grade, to explore perceptions of the inserts used in Canada.

Results

The consensus was that these inserts would capture attention and be read due to their novelty and visibility before reaching the cigarettes, and as they can be removed from the pack. While they may be ignored or discarded, and rotation was considered necessary, they were generally thought to prolong the health message. The positive style of messaging was described as refreshing, educational, encouraging, reassuring and inspirational and thought to increase message engagement. It was regarded as more sympathetic than command-style messaging, offering smokers ‘a bit of hope’. The inserts were often considered preferable to the on-pack warnings, although it was felt that both were needed. Some participants suggested that inserts could encourage them to stop smoking, and they were generally viewed as having the potential to alter the behaviour of others, particularly younger people, would-be smokers and those wanting to quit.

Conclusions

Inserts are an inexpensive means of communication and offer regulators a simple way of supplementing on-pack warnings.
Trimetazidine potentiates the antiepileptic activity and ameliorates the metabolic changes associated with pentylenetetrazole kindling in rats treated with valproic acid
Authors: Sedky Amina Ahmed , El Serafy Osama Mahmoud Hassan , Hassan Olfat Ahmed , Abdel-kawy Hala Salah , Hasanin Amany Helmy , Raafat Mona Hussein
Published: January 2017

Oxidative stress is implicated in epileptogenesis as well as in the metabolic changes associated with increased risk of atherosclerotic vascular disease in epilepsy. The present work investigated the impact of the antioxidant trimetazidine (TMZ) on the antiepileptic activity of valproic acid (VPA) and on the metabolic and histological changes in hippocampal, aortic, and hepatic tissues associated with epilepsy and (or) VPA. Rats were divided into non-pentylenetetrazole (non-PTZ) group subdivided into control and VPA-treated groups, and PTZ-treated group subdivided into PTZ, PTZ/VPA, PTZ/TMZ, and PTZ/VPA + TMZ groups. VPA treatment in PTZ rats resulted in an antioxidant effect with improvement in oxidative stress, metabolic and histopathological changes induced by PTZ in hippocampus, aortic, and hepatic tissues. TMZ exhibited anticonvulsant activity and potentiated the anticonvulsant effect of VPA. Combination of TMZ with VPA induced a greater reduction in oxidative stress, improvement in the metabolic and histopathological changes compared to VPA treatment. In contrast, VPA administration in non-PTZ-treated rats induced a pro-oxidative effect, associated with metabolic and histopathological changes in aortic and hepatic tissues. These findings suggest that co-administration of TMZ with VPA in epilepsy might antagonize not only the oxidative stress associated with epilepsy but might also counteract a potential pro-oxidative effect of VPA.
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) in Chinese patients with Graves’ disease and Graves’ ophthalmopathy
Authors: Wu Tong , Tang Dong-run , Zhao Liang , Sun Feng-yuan
Published: January 2017

We aimed to evaluate the genetic variation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) as risk factor in development of Graves’ disease (GD) and Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) among Chinese individuals. Patients with confirmed diagnosis of GD or healthy individuals with no clinical symptoms of hyperthyroiditis were enrolled at the Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, China. Genetic polymorphism was studied in plasma DNA samples of subjects by polymerase chain reaction of restriction fragment length polymorphism to confirm our hypothesis. Cytokine levels were measured routinely on serum samples of subjects by sandwich ELISA technique. Patients with GG genotype (odds ratio (OR) 95% CI = 2.25 (1.35–3.73), p = 0.002) and carriers of G allele (OR = 2.03 (1.23–3.36), p = 0.006) were at high risk of developing ophthalmopathy. Polymorphism of del/ins of nuclear factor-κB1 gene (NFkB1) gene (OR = 7.1 (2.88–17.52), p < 0.0001) and PARP-1 C410T polymorphism was found to be associated with GO (p < 0.05). Cytokine level was significantly higher in patients with GD (p < 0.05), but no significant change in cytokines level among GO patients from baseline (p > 0.05). Our study results recommended that polymorphism of PARP-1 gene is more likely responsible for development of GD in Chinese individuals. We also observed that the polymorphism of gene-related del/ins to NFkB1 in development of GO.
An Analysis of a Minimal Vectorlike Extension of the Standard Model
Authors: Beylin V. , Bezuglov M. , Kuksa V. , Volchanskiy N.
Published: January 2017

We analyze an extension of the Standard Model with an additionalSU(2)hypercolor gauge group keeping the Higgs boson as a fundamental field. Vectorlike interactions of new hyperquarks with the intermediate vector bosons are explicitly constructed. We also consider pseudo-Nambu–Goldstone bosons caused by the symmetry breakingSU(4)→Sp(4). A specific global symmetry of the model with zero hypercharge of the hyperquark doublets ensures the stability of a neutral pseudoscalar field. Some possible manifestations of the lightest states at colliders are also examined.
Novel Implications in Molecular Diagnosis of Lynch Syndrome
Authors: Liccardo Raffaella , De Rosa Marina , Izzo Paola , Duraturo Francesca
Published: January 2017

About 10% of total colorectal cancers are associated with known Mendelian inheritance, as Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) and Lynch syndrome (LS). In these cancer types the clinical manifestations of disease are due to mutations in high-risk alleles, with a penetrance at least of 70%. The LS is associated with germline mutations in the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. However, the mutation detection analysis of these genes does not always provide informative results for genetic counseling of LS patients. Very often, the molecular analysis reveals the presence of variants of unknown significance (VUSs) whose interpretation is not easy and requires the combination of different analytical strategies to get a proper assessment of their pathogenicity. In some cases, these VUSs may make a more substantial overall contribution to cancer risk than the well-assessed severe Mendelian variants. Moreover, it could also be possible that the simultaneous presence of these genetic variants in several MMR genes that behave as low risk alleles might contribute in a cooperative manner to increase the risk of hereditary cancer. In this paper, through a review of the recent literature, we have speculated a novel inheritance model in the Lynch syndrome; this could pave the way toward new diagnostic perspectives.
Investigation on the Synthesis and Photocatalytic Property of Uranyl Complexes of the β-Diketonates Biscatecholamide Ligand
Authors: Zhang Qingchun , Jin Bo , Peng Rufang , Wang Xiaofang , Shi Zhaotao , Liu Qiangqiang , Lei Shan , Liang Hua
Published: January 2017

A series of uranyl complexes have been synthesized by reacting hexadentate ligands CH2[COO (CH2)nCAM; n=2, 3, 4]2 [CAM = 2,3-Ph(OH)2CONH] containing the catecholamide (CAM) group and β-diketonates framework with uranyl nitrate. They were characterized by FTIR, UV-vis, 1H NMR, XPS, TGA, and elemental analysis. The analysis revealed that oxygen atom of β-diketonate did not bind to uranyl ion in complexes 1–3. The photocatalytic degradation properties of the target complexes for degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) were investigated. The result indicated that approximately 74%, 71%, and 67% RhB were degraded in the presence of complexes 1–3 after about 210 min, respectively. Consequently, complexes 1–3 have excellent photocatalytic degradation property.
Effect of Modified Rubber Particles Mixing Amount on Properties of Cement Mortar
Authors: Xue Gang , Cao Mei-ling
Published: January 2017

The crumb rubber cement mortar is prepared by the crumb rubber aggregates in 60 mesh which are modified by 1% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution. Some mechanical properties of cement mortar with different crumb rubber aggregate amounts are researched including compressive strength, flexural strength, the ratio of compressive strength to flexural strength, impact resistance, and dry contraction percentage. In our tests, we consider six kinds of the rubber contents, 0%, 7.5%, 15%, 19%, 22.5%, and 30%, respectively. The optimal mixing amount of crumb rubber is determined by measuring three indices, the ratio of compressive strength to flexural strength, impact resistance, and dry contraction percentage. It is shown by test that the ratio of compressive strength to flexural strength is the smallest when the mixing amount of rubber is 19%; meanwhile high impact resistance and rational drying shrinkage are observed. The optimal mixing amount of the rubber particles is 19% determined by this test.
Increased Expression of Toll-Like Receptors 4, 5, and 9 in Small Bowel Mucosa from Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Dlugosz Aldona , Zakikhany Katherina , Acevedo Nathalie , D’Amato Mauro , Lindberg Greger
Published: January 2017

The aim of our study was to compare patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and healthy controls regarding the expression of toll-like receptors 2, 4, 5, and 9 (TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, and TLR9), the primary mucosal receptors of bacterial components, in small and large bowel mucosa.Methods.We analysed biopsies from jejunum and sigmoid colon of 22 patients (17 females) with IBS aged 18–66 (median: 39) years and 14 healthy volunteers (12 females) aged 22–61 (median: 42) years. Eight patients had constipation-predominant IBS (C-IBS), 7 had diarrhoea-predominant IBS (D-IBS), and 7 had IBS without predominance of constipation or diarrhoea. We analysed mRNA levels for TLRs using quantitative PCR and distribution of TLRs in mucosa using immunohistochemistry.Results.We found increased mRNA expression of TLR4 (mean fold change1.85±0.31versus1.0±0.20;p<0.05), TLR5 (1.96±0.36versus1.0±0.20;p<0.05) and TLR9 (2.00±0.24versus1.0±0.25;p<0.01) but not of TLR2 in the small bowel mucosa from patients with IBS compared to the controls. There was no significant difference in mRNA levels for TLRs in colon mucosa between patients and controls.Conclusion.Upregulation of TLR4, TLR5, and TLR9 suggests the involvement of bacteria or dysregulation of the immune response to commensal flora in small bowel mucosa in IBS patients.
Saúde e cotidiano de mulheres em uso abusivo de álcool e outras drogas: uma questão para a Terapia Ocupacional.
Authors: Fejes Monica De Araujo Nagy , Ferigato Sabrina Helena , Marcolino Tais Quevedo
Published: February 2017

O enfrentamento das situações problemáticas decorrentes do uso abusivo de álcool/drogas constitui demanda mundial. Acredita-se que a maior parte das estratégias de cuidado em saúde não considera as necessidades singulares do gênero feminino. Este estudo tem por objetivos compreender o cotidiano de mulheres usuárias de substâncias psicoativas (SPA) em tratamento em CAPS-AD; quais atividades são por elas consideradas saudáveis e quais relações podem ser estabelecidas com o uso de drogas. Foram realizadas entrevistas individuais semi estruturadas e entrevistas em grupos, submetidas à análise temática. Os resultados foram divididos em 4 eixos: 1) Atividades que fazem bem; 2) Atividades que não fazem bem; 3) Rotina; 4) Desejos para o futuro. A incorporação da categoria ‘gênero’ em pesquisas sobre o uso de substâncias psicoativas possibilita o reconhecimento e afirmação das diferenças individuais e coletivas a partir das construções socioculturais sobre masculinidade/feminilidade no contemporâneo, contribuindo para formas de cuidado e políticas públicas.
Oficina de Ação: uma estratégia de intervenção grupal em Terapia Ocupacional no Campo da Saúde Mental.
Authors: Lorenzon Maria Rita , Marquetti Fernanda Cristina
Published: February 2017

Este artigo relata o processo da “Oficina de Ação” cujo objetivo foi colocar em prática pressupostos teóricos do módulo “A ação como Precursora do Pensamento no Humano” do curso de Terapia Ocupacional da UNIFESP/BS, verificar sua aplicabilidade em intervenção terapêutica ocupacional grupal com usuários do Núcleo de Apoio Psicossocial-IV do SUS em Santos. O foco foi investigar as Cadeias Operatórias dos sujeitos e sua importância no cotidiano, bem como suas maneiras de coordenar ação e emoção com o mundo. Procedimentos metodológicos: elaboração e realização de oficinas com frequência semanal, baseadas em vivências e teorias estudadas no módulo. Resultados: as oficinas evidenciaram a importância de olhar as Cadeias Operatórias como um possível recurso terapêutico, sobretudo para resgatar memórias a partir do corpo, por um viés sensorial.
Financiamento da educação básica no Brasil: uma análise dos arranjos jurídicos adotados ao longo do período republicano
Authors: Nunes Alynne Nayara Ferreira
Published: February 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é tratar dos arranjos jurídicos desenvolvidos ao longo da república brasileira para financiar a educação básica. Verificou-se que a partir da década de 1930 preponderou a vinculação de receitas de impostos, que deixou de ser prevista apenas pelas Constituições de 1937 e 1967, cujos governos autoritários trabalhavam com arranjos de financiamento juridicamente menos rígidos. Após a ditadura de 1964, adotou-se novamente a vinculação, que sofreu restrições com as medidas de desvinculação orçamentária (FSE, FEF e DRU). Na década de 1990 procurou-se aperfeiçoar a regra vinculatória, por meio da criação do FUNDEF e, posteriormente, do FUNDEB, que trouxeram regras acerca do uso dos recursos e mecanismos de controle social. Portanto, o financiamento à educação, embora possa ter robusta estrutura, pode ser mitigado para resguardar o orçamento de descompassos nas contas, afetando políticas públicas vigentes.
Marco regulatório das Organizações da Sociedade Civil à luz do Direito Administrativo Global
Authors: Renzetti Bruno Polonio
Published: February 2017

Uma democracia que se pretende verdadeiramente participativa deve conter com diversos players em seus processo decisório, não somente os atores estatais. O Terceiro Setor é o segmento mais profícuo para a criação de atores não-estatais capacitados e preparados para influenciar  no processo decisório de políticas públicas. Tais atores não se resumem a atuações dentro dos limites territorias de seus Estados originários. Atualmente, há grande intercâmbio de atores transnacionais. No Brasil, o Terceiro Setor é importante segmento da sociedade organizada. A Lei 13.019/2014 buscou estabelecer algumas diretrizes para o funcionamento das OS e OSCIPs. O presente artigo versa sobre as atividades da sociedade civil organizada dentro de um contexto transnacional, utilizando-se do instrumental do Direito Administrativo Global para compreender como se desenvolve a relação entre a nova legislação e o atual conjuntura internacional no que se refere ao tratamento do Terceiro Setor em nível transnacional.
The Meaning of Resilience: Soviet Children in World War II
Authors: Kirschenbaum Lisa A.
Published: February 2017

During World War II, the Soviet media depicted children suffering as well as children actively participating in the war effort and mothers making sacrifices for them. Such mixed messages served clear political purposes, publicizing Nazi atrocities while deflecting attention from the Soviet state’s failure to protect its children. Historians have tended to approach such images and stories within a framework of trauma that validates stories of children’s suffering, despite their political purposes, while also discounting wartime accounts and postwar (and post-Soviet) reminiscences that highlight children’s strength and recovery. The concept of resilience, as developed in psychology, psychiatry, and anthropology, however, allows historians to understand such material as authentic and vital components of survivors’ understandings and memories of the war.
Maschalostachys, a new genus of Vernonieae (Asteraceae) from Brazil
Authors: LOEUILLE BENOÎT , ROQUE NáDIA
Published: February 2017

Maschalostachys, a new genus of Asteraceae (Vernonieae, Lychnophorinae) from Brazil, is described and illustrated to accommodate two species, Maschalostachys markgrafii, which was previously placed in Lychnophora (L. markgrafii), and a new species here described as M. mellosilvae. The combination of several diagnostic characters pertaining to Maschalostachys, including monopodial treelets, semi-amplexicaul leaf sheath, indument composed of T-shaped and unbranched trichomes, capitula fused in a syncephalium and organized in axillary loose spikes or frequently in panicle of spikes (rarely cyme), is not found in any other genus of the tribe Vernonieae. Affinities of the new genus with other genera of Lychnophorinae are discussed. Each species is described and illustrated, and its conservation status is assessed.
Asterochloris sejongensis sp. nov. (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta) from King George Island, Antarctica
Authors: KIM JONG IM , NAM SEUNG WON , SO JAE EUN , HONG SOON GYU , CHOI HAN-GU , SHIN WOONGGHI
Published: February 2017

The new species Asterochloris sejongensis sp. nov. has been collected from four localities of King George Island, Antarctica, and is described as a phycobiont of the lichen species Cladonia pyxidata and Sphaerophorus globosus. This discovery is based on morphological and molecular data obtained using light microscopy, confocal laser microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and two molecular markers; nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA and actin genes. This species is characterized by five unique hemi-CBCs in the nuclear ITS transcripts, deeply lobed and echinulate chloroplasts (depending on the life stage), and two rows of pyrenoglobuli associated with two thylakoid envelopes. A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the ITS and actin gene sequences indicated that this new species is closely related to A. woessiae and forms a distinct well-supported lineage with the genus.
Devario fangae and Devario myitkyinae, two new species of danionin cyprinids from northern Myanmar (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Danioninae)
Authors: KULLANDER SVEN O.
Published: February 2017

Devario comprises 38 potentially valid species in southern Asia. Ten species of Devario have been reported so far from Myanmar, six of which belong in the group of striped devarios, with predominantly horizontal stripes in the colour pattern. Among them, records of D. aequipinnatus most likely represent misidentifications. Remaining species of striped devarios in Myanmar are known only from brief descriptions and are in need of taxonomic revision. Devario yuensis and D. deruptotalea, known previously only from India, are here reported for the first time from Myanmar. Devario fangae, new species, is described on the basis of specimens collected in 1998 from small streams in Putao in the extreme north of Myanmar. These streams drain to the Mali Hka River, a tributary of the Ayeyarwaddy River. Devario fangae shares uniquely with D. browni and D. kakhienensis an anterior expansion in width of the middle dark stripe on the side (P stripe). It differs from D. browni and D. kakhienensis in presence of a broad P stripe, wider than adjacent interstripes, vs. narrow, as wide as or narrower than interstripes. Devario fangae is further similar to other species of Devario characterized by three dark stripes (P, P+1, P-1) along the side, but differs from these in having all three stripes wide and of about equal width vs. P stripe wide and P+1 and P-1 stripes much narrower. The largest specimen of D. fangae is 61.0 mm SL. Females are significantly more deep-bodied than males. A specimen of D. aequipinnatus reported from Putao in 1919 probably represents D. fangae.        Devario myitkyinae, new species, is described on the basis of specimens collected in 1997 and 1998 from a stream and lake in the Ayeyarwaddy River drainage near Myitkyina in northern Myanmar. It is similar to D. browni and D. kakhienensis, but different from D. fangae in having horizontal stripes on side equal in width, narrow, irregular, and to some extent curved away from horizontal extension. Devario myitkyinae differs from D. browni, D. kakhienensis, and D. fangae in absence of anterior widening of the P stripe. Devario myitkyinae is similar to other species of Devario characterized by three dark stripes (P, P+1, P-1) along the side, but differs from these in having all three stripes irregular and of equal width vs. stripes regular, P stripe wide and P+1 and P-1 stripes much narrower. The largest wild specimen of D. myitkyinae is 68.7 mm SL. A specimen collected near Myitkyina and reported as D. aequipinnatus in 1929 probably represents D. myitkyinae.
Range extension of the rare braconine genus, Lyricibracon Quicke (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), with the description of a new species from India
Authors: RANJITH A.P. , SANTHOSH S. , NASSER M.
Published: February 2017

The extremely rare, monotypic genus Lyricibracon Quicke, previously known only from L. bicolorus Quicke in Brunei, is recorded from the Indian subcontinent for the first time through description of Lyricibracon jenningsi sp. nov. The two species are described, keyed and illustrated. The genus is a member of the Plesiobracon group of genera of the tribe Braconini.
A revised key to the lizards of Iran (Reptilia: Squamata: Lacertilia)
Authors: NASRABADI REZA , RASTEGAR-POUYANI NASRULLAH , RASTEGAR-POUYANI ESKANDAR , GHARZI AHMAD
Published: February 2017

During recent years several lizard taxa have been added to the faunal list of Iran. Descriptions and new records are scattered in different publications in the herpetological literature. We here present species accounts for 152 species belonging to 43 genera and 10 families up to July 2016. The most diverse family is Lacertidae with 9 genera, 49 species and 2 subspecies, followed by Gekkonidae with 13 genera and 43 species, Agamidae with 5 genera, 18 species and 4 subspecies, Scincidae with 7 genera, 18 species and 2 subspecies, Phyllodactylidae with 1 genus and 10 species, Sphaerodactylidae with 2 genera and 4 species, Varanidae with 1 genus, 3 species and 2 subspecies, Uromastycidae with 2 genera and 3 species, Eublepharidae with 1 genus and 3 species, and Anguidae with 2 genera and 2 species. The current paper provides a dichotomous key including all of the currently recognized lizards of Iran.
Sharp-Crested Breaking Surface Waves Observed from a Ship-Based Stereo Video System
Authors: Schwendeman Michael S. , Thomson Jim
Published: February 2017

A new ship-based stereo video system is used to observe breaking ocean waves (i.e., whitecaps) as three-dimensional surfaces evolving in time. First, the stereo video measurements of all waves (breaking and nonbreaking) are shown to compare well with statistical parameters from traditional buoy measurements. Next, the breaking waves are detected based on the presence of whitecap foam, and the geometry of these waves is investigated. The stereo measurements show that the whitecaps are characterized by local extremes of surface slope, though the larger-scale, crest-to-trough steepness of these waves is unremarkable. Examination of 103 breaking wave profiles further demonstrates the pronounced increase in the local wave steepness near the breaking crest, as estimated using a Hilbert transform. These crests are found to closely resemble the sharp corner of the theoretical Stokes limiting wave. Results suggest that nonlinear wave group dynamics are a key mechanism for breaking, as the phase speed of the breaking waves is slower than predicted by the linear dispersion relation. The highly localized and transient steepness, along with the deviation from linear phase speed, explains the inability of conventional wave buoys to observe the detailed geometry of breaking waves.
On Evaluation of Ensemble Forecast Calibration Using the Concept of Data Depth
Authors: Mirzargar Mahsa , Anderson Jeffrey L.
Published: February 2017

Various generalizations of the univariate rank histogram have been proposed to inspect the reliability of an ensemble forecast or analysis in multidimensional spaces. Multivariate rank histograms provide insightful information about the misspecification of genuinely multivariate features such as the correlation between various variables in a multivariate ensemble. However, the interpretation of patterns in a multivariate rank histogram should be handled with care. The purpose of this paper is to focus on multivariate rank histograms designed based on the concept of data depth and outline some important considerations that should be accounted for when using such multivariate rank histograms. To generate correct multivariate rank histograms using the concept of data depth, the datatype of the ensemble should be taken into account to define a proper preranking function. This paper demonstrates how and why some preranking functions might not be suitable for multivariate or vector-valued ensembles and proposes preranking functions based on the concept of simplicial depth that are applicable to both multivariate points and vector-valued ensembles. In addition, there exists an inherent identifiability issue associated with center-outward preranking functions used to generate multivariate rank histograms. This problem can be alleviated by complementing the multivariate rank histogram with other well-known multivariate statistical inference tools based on rank statistics such as the depth-versus-depth (DD) plot. Using a synthetic example, it is shown that the DD plot is less sensitive to sample size compared to multivariate rank histograms.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids and the risk of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Bjørnevik Kjetil , Chitnis Tanuja , Ascherio Alberto , Munger Kassandra L
Published: February 2017

Background:

Results from previous studies on polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake and multiple sclerosis (MS) risk are conflicting.

Objective:

To prospectively investigate the association between dietary intake of PUFA and MS risk.

Methods:

We followed 80,920 women from Nurses’ Health Study (1984–2004) and 94,511 women from Nurses’ Health Study II (1991–2009) who reported on diet using a validated food frequency questionnaire every 4 years and identified 479 incident MS cases during follow-up. We used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), for the effect of PUFA intake on MS risk adjusting for age, latitude of residence at age 15, ancestry, cigarette smoking, supplemental vitamin D intake, body mass index, and total energy intake.

Results:

Higher intake of total PUFA at baseline was associated with a lower risk of MS (HR top vs bottom quintile: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.49–0.90, p trend = 0.01). Among the specific types of PUFA, only α-linolenic acid (ALA) was inversely associated with MS risk (HR top vs bottom quintile: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.45–0.83, p trend = 0.001). The long-chain fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were not associated with MS risk.

Conclusion:

Low dietary PUFA intake may be another modifiable risk factor for MS.
Neurometabolic abnormalities in schizophrenia and depression observed with magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 7 T
Authors: Taylor Reggie , Osuch Elizabeth A. , Schaefer Betsy , Rajakumar Nagalingam , Neufeld Richard W. J. , Théberge Jean , Williamson Peter C.
Published: February 2017

Background

Examining neurometabolic abnormalities in critical brain areas in schizophrenia and major depressive disorder (MDD) may help guide future pharmacological interventions including glutamate-modulating treatments.

Aims

To measure metabolite concentrations within the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and thalamus of people with schizophrenia and people with MDD.

Methods

Spectra were acquired from 16 volunteers with schizophrenia, 17 with MDD and 18 healthy controls using magnetic resonance spectroscopy on a 7 Tesla scanner.

Results

In the thalamus, there were lower glycine concentrations in the schizophrenia group relative to control (P=0.017) and MDD groups (P=0.012), and higher glutamine concentrations relative to healthy controls (P=0.009). In the thalamus and the ACC, the MDD group had lower myo-inositol concentrations than the control (P=0.014, P=0.009, respectively) and schizophrenia (P=0.004, P=0.002, respectively) groups.

Conclusion

These results support the glutamatergic theory of schizophrenia and indicate a potential glycine deficiency in the thalamus. In addition, reduced myo-inositol concentrations in MDD suggest its involvement in the disorder.
Information and Analytical Support of Small Innovative Enterprises
Authors: Позднякова  , Pozdnyakova A. , Ерыгина  , Erygina L. , Федоренко  , Fedorenko Ilya
Published: February 2017

The article analyzes the approaches of diff erent authors to the accounting and analytical support, determines

place and the basic functions of accounting and analytical support in the management of the organization. The proposals

for the formation of the accounting content and analytical support of small innovative enterprises are presented, allowing

at any stage of the innovation process to obtain the necessary information on the costs of innovat ive products for the

enterprise, as well as on the sources of funding through which it carried out production.
Iktiofauna Sungai Sangkir Kabupaten Rokan Hulu Provinsi Riau (Ichthyofauna of Sangkir River, Rokan Hulu District Riau Province)
Authors: Pranata Nunuk Dian , Purnama Arief Anthonius , Yolanda Rofiza , Karno Ria
Published: February 2017

This study was conducted in Sangkir river branch of Rokan Kiri river Sangkir village, Rokan Hulu district, Riau Province from May of July 2016. The aim of this study was to inventory the fish species in Sangkir river branch of Rokan Kiri River with direct observation (survey). Five sampling locations were determined purposely based on the environmental condition that could be represented by the river condition. A total of 288 individuals of fish belonging to 3 orders, 7 families, 13 genera and 16 species were recorded in this study, namely Barbodes balleroides, Barbodes gonionotus, Barbichthys leavis, Channa striata, Cyclocheilichthys apogon, Labiobarbus fasciatus, Mystus nigriceps, Ompok eugeneiatus, Osteochilus hasseltii, Osteochilus mycrocephalus, Pangio semicincta, Pristolepis grooti, Thynnichthys polylepis, Trichogaster leerii, Trichogaster trichopterus and Trichopsis vittata. Cyprinidae was the most abundance fish in this study.Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan di sungai Sangkir, anak sungai Rokan Kiri, desa Sangkir, Kabupaten Rokan Hulu, Provinsi Riau pada bulan Mei sampai Juli 2016. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis ikan di sungai Sangkir anak Sungai Rokan Kiri dengan metode pengamatan langsung (survei) dengan penetapan stasiun pengambilan sampel secara purposive sampling. Penetapan stasiun berdasarkan kondisi lingkungan yang terdiri dari 5 stasiun penelitian. Hasil penelitian  didapatkan sebanyak 288 individu ikan yang terdiri dari 3 ordo, 7 famili 13 genus dan 16 spesies. Spesies yang didapatkan yaitu Barbodes balleroides, Barbodes gonionotus, Barbichthys leavis, Channa striata, Cyclocheilichthys apogon, Labiobarbus fasciatus, Mystus nigriceps, Ompok eugeneiatus, Osteochilus hasseltii, Osteochilus mycrocephalus, Pangio semicincta, Pristolepis grooti, Thynnichthys polylepis Trichogaster leerii, Trichogaster trichopterus dan Trichopsis vittata. Cyprinidae merupakan kelompok ikan yang paling banyak dalam penelitian ini.
Depart: A journey of Light and Water
Authors: Yi-San Wu
Published: February 2017

Depart approached aspects of the theme of light and water from the perspective of the real and impressionistic, and interpreted the theme poetically as inspired by extracts from Jimmy Liao’s Love in the Cards (2008), and created associations beyond the text. The author utilized and transformed the languages and understandings of the physical bodies of the dancers drawing on their different backgrounds to exchange concepts and impressions of ‘depart’ expressed through atmosphere, space, props and movements.
AVALIAÇÃO DAS CARACTERISTICAS FISICO-QUÍMICAS, MICROBIOLÓGICAS E ROTULAGEM DE LEITE PASTEURIZADO COMERCIALIZADO NA MICRORREGIÃO DE UBÁ – MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Oliveira Aryane Da Luz , Vaneli Neumara Ribeiro , Vargas Pamela De Oliveira , Martins Aurélia Dornelas de Oliveira , Cócaro Elaine Souza , Coelho Antônio Daniel Fernandes
Published: February 2017

Objetivou-se avaliar as características físico-químicas, microbiológicas e a rotulagem de sete marcas de leite pasteurizado comercializados na microrregião de Ubá – Minas Gerais. Foram realizadas análises físico-químicas de acidez, lactose, gordura, proteína, EST, ESD, pH, densidade, ponto crioscópico, umidade e cocção, bem como análises microbiológicas de coliformes totais e termotolerantes e contagem padrão em placas. Para as análises físico-quimicas, foram obtidos os seguintes resultados médios: 16ºD (0,16g de ácido lático/100g de produto) para acidez titulável, 4,61% para lactose, 3,21% para gordura, 3,11% para proteína, 11,63% para EST, 8,39% para ESD, pH de 6,76, 1,030g/mL para densidade relativa a 15ºC, -0,531 ºH para crioscopia. Das sete amostras analisadas uma apresentou presença de água nos três lotes analisados (média de 4,06% de água). Cerca de 28,57% das amostras apresentaram coagulação no teste de cocção. Foi observado diferença significativa (p < 0,05) para a maioria dos parâmetros físico-químicos. Quanto às análises microbiológicas foram encontrados valores variando de < 3,0 NMP/mL a > 1.100 NMP/mL tanto para coliformes totais quanto para termotolerantes. Para mesófilos aeróbios a média encontrada foi de 2,6x104 UFC/mL de leite. Com relação à análise de rotulagem apenas duas amostras (28,57%) encontraram-se em conformidade com todas as exigências listadas e vigentes para rotulagem de alimentos. Desta forma, conclui-se que os leites pasteurizados comercializados na microrregião de Ubá apresentam diferenças quanto sua composição físico-química e qualidade microbiológica.
OS PROCESSOS DE SEPARAÇÃO POR MEMBRANAS E SUA UTILIZAÇÃO NO TRATAMENTO DE EFLUENTES INDUSTRIAIS DA INDÚSTRIA DE LATICÍNIOS: REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA
Authors: Galvão Douglas Felipe , Gomes Eliane Rodrigues dos Santos
Published: February 2017

As indústrias de laticínios são grandes geradoras de efluentes em seus processos de produção. Esse efluente precisa ser tratado antes de seu lançamento em corpos hídricos, para atender aos padrões da legislação, especialmente a Resolução nº 357/2005 do Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente (CONAMA) complementada e alterada pela Resolução nº 430/2011(CONAMA) que “dispõe sobre condições e padrões de lançamento de efluentes”. Os processos de separação por membranas têm ganhado destaque no que se refere ao tratamento de efluentes por meio de sistemas compactos de tratamento, pois possibilitam a geração de águas de reúso que podem ser reaproveitadas nos processos industriais. Nesse sentido, buscou-se na literature estudos na área de tratamento de efluentes de laticínios por meio dos processos de separação por membranas, com o objetivo de elucidar sobre a importância desse tipo de tecnologia no tratamento de efluentes de laticínios.
Chemical Reaction Problem Solving
Authors: Veal William
Published: February 2017

Problem solving approaches in high school chemistry classes are discussed. Instructional methods for improving reaction problem solving are offered.
Penentuan Skala Prioritas Penanganan Jalan Kabupaten di Kabupaten Kudus Dengan Metode Analytical Hierarchy Process
Authors: Irawan Hafit , Ismiyati Ismiyati , Pudjianto Bambang
Published: February 2017

Pelaksanaan penanganan jalan di Kabupaten Kudus banyak terjadi ketidakseimbangan paket-paket pekerjaan penanganan jalan seperti banyaknya jalan yang belum mendapat penanganan baik pemeliharaan maupun peningkatan. Selama ini yang digunakan dalam penentuan skala prioritas penanganan jalan didasarkan pada ketersediaan anggaran dan nilai manfaat finansial jalan saja. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memperoleh urutan prioritas penanganan jalan di Kabupaten Kudus, secara tepat dengan melibatkan pihak-pihak yang terkait. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode AHP dengan 5 (lima) kriteria yang dipakai untuk menentukan prioritas penanganan jalan, yaitu kerusakan jalan, mobilitas, volume lalu lintas, tingkat aksesibilitas, dan pengembangan wilayah. Berdasarkan analisa AHP diperoleh tingkat kepentingan bobot masing-masing kriteria untuk menentukan prioritas penanganan jalan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kriteria kerusakan jalan memperoleh bobot tertinggi, yaitu 45,06% kemudian kriteria mobilitas 20,62%, kriteria volume lalu lintas 14,53%, kriteria tingkat aksesibilitas 12,78%, dan kriteria pengembangan wilayah 7,01%. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa perlu adanya kriteria-kriteria sebagai tolok ukur untuk menentukan dalam prioritas penanganan jalan agar pengalokasian anggaran tepat sasaran.Saran dari penelitian ini dalam menentukan prioritas penanganan jalan di Kabupaten Kudus sebaiknya mempertimbangkan beberapa kriteria sebagai dasar prioritas penanganan jalan. [Title: The Determination of The scale Priorities for Handling in Kudus Use Analytical Hierarchy Process Method]. The implementation of the road handling in Kudus, in fact is found many imbalances packets roads handling jobs like many roads yet had a good handling maintenance and enhancement. So far in setting priorities scale was based on an assessment of the availability of the budget and the value of the financial benefits. The purpose of this study is to obtain an assessment of the priority order in Kudus appropriately involving related parties. This study used AHP with 5 (five) criteria that were used to determine the priority of the road, which is damage to roads, mobility, traffic volume, accessibility, and regional development. Based on AHP analysis, we can found the level of importance weight of each criterion for determining priority road handling. The results showed that the damage criteria to obtain the highest weight, i.e. 45.06% and 20.62% mobility criteria, the criteria of traffic volume 14.53%, 12.78% level of accessibility criteria, and the criteria for regional development 7.01%. Therefore, we need criteria as a benchmark to determine the priority of the road so that the budget allocation is well targeted. The suggestion of this research in deciding the priority of roads handling in Kudus should consider some criteria as the basic priorities for the handling of the road.
Analisis Desain Sistem Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya Kapasitas 50 WP
Authors: Ramadhan Anwar Ilmar , Diniardi Ery , Mukti Sony Hari
Published: February 2017

Kebutuhan akan listrik baik untuk kalangan industri, perkantoran, maupun masyarakat umum dan perorangan sangat meningkat. Tetapi, peningkatan kebutuhan listrik ini tidak diiringi oleh penambahan pasokan listrik. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, energi surya dipilih sebagai energi alternatif untuk menghasilkan energi listrik. Alat yang digunakan disini adalah sel surya, karena dapat mengkonversikan langsung radiasi sinar matahari menjadi energi listrik (proses photovoltaic). Agar energi surya dapat digunakan pada malam hari, maka pada siang hari energi listrik yang dihasilkan disimpan terlebih dahulu ke baterai yang dikontrol oleh regulator. Keluaran regulator langsung dihubungkan dengan inverter dari arus DC ke AC. Hasil pengujian modul surya (photovoltaic) terlihat bahwa hasil daya keluaran rata-rata mencapai 38,24 Watt,dan arus yang didapatkan sebesar 2,49 A (Ampere). Hal ini dikarenakan photovoltaic saat mengikuti arah pergerakan matahari akan selalu memposisikan photovoltaic untuk tetap menghadap matahari sehingga tetap akan dapat menangkap pancaran matahari secara maksimal. [Title: Design Analysis of System Power Solar Cells Capacity of 50 Wp] The need for electricity is good for the industry, offices, and public and individuals are greatly increased. However, the increase in demand for electricity is not accompanied by the additional power supply. Based on these problems, chosen solar energy as an alternative energy to generate electric power. A tool that is used here is the solar cell because it can directly convert solar radiation into electrical energy (photovoltaic process). So that solar energy can be used at night, then during the day, the electrical energy generated is stored before a battery which is controlled by the regulator. Regulator output is directly connected to the inverter from the DC to AC. The test results of solar modules (photovoltaic) indicated that the results of the average power output reached 38.24 Watt, and the currents were 2.49 A. This is because the photovoltaic follows the direction of movement of the sun and always located at the photovoltaic to remain facing the sun. Therefore, it will still be able to capture the radiant sun to the fullest.