bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tropospheric ozone data assimilation in the NASA GEOS Composition Forecast modeling system (GEOS-CF v2.0) using satellite data for ozone vertical profiles (MLS), total ozone columns (OMI), and thermal infrared radiances (AIRS, IASI)
Authors: Kelp Makoto M , Keller Christoph A , Wargan Krzysztof , Karpowicz Bryan M , Jacob Daniel J
Published: August 2023

The NASA Goddard Earth Observing System Composition Forecast system (GEOS-CF) provides global near-real-time analyses and forecasts of atmospheric composition. The current version of GEOS-CF builds on the GEOS general circulation model with Forward Processing assimilation of meteorological data (GEOS-FP) and includes detailed GEOS-Chem tropospheric and stratospheric chemistry. Here we add 3D variational data assimilation in GEOS-CF to assimilate satellite observations of ozone including MLS vertical profiles, OMI total columns, and AIRS and IASI hyperspectral 9.6 μm radiances. We focus our evaluations on the troposphere. We find that the detailed tropospheric chemistry in GEOS-CF significantly improves the simulated background ozone fields relative to previous versions of the GEOS model, allowing for specification of smaller background errors in assimilation and resulting in smaller assimilation increments to correct the simulated ozone. Assimilation increments are largest in the upper troposphere and are consistent between satellite data sets. The OMI and MLS ozone data generally provide more information than the AIRS and IASI radiances except at high latitudes where the radiances provide more information. Comparisons to independent ozonesonde and aircraft (ATom-4) observations for 2018 show significant GEOS-CF improvement from the assimilation, particularly in the extratropical upper troposphere.
The role of climate change awareness for trust in institutions in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Dirksmeier Peter , Nolte Kerstin , Mewes Lars , Tuitjer Leonie
Published: August 2023

Within the context of climate change in sub-Saharan Africa, trust in institutions is an important prerequisite to implement climate change adaptation and mitigation policies. There is a lack of systematic investigation of the relationship between climate change awareness, conflicts, and trust in institutions. We address this pressing research gap based on a regression analysis with trust in institutions as dependent variables, and climate change awareness and violence as independent variables drawing on Afrobarometer individual data and aggregated data on armed conflicts. Our main findings indicate that trust in institutions in sub-Saharan Africa is influenced by both the individual climate change awareness and the violence context. First, we find a negative relationship between those who are aware of climate change and trust in institutions. Second, we observe a socio-economic divide: young, urban and educated parts of the population as well as those who feel their ethnic group is treated unfairly do not trust institutions. Third, we see a regional divide: those far from political centres are not aware of climate change, and those close to the political centres do not trust institutions.
Ultrametric identities in glassy models of natural evolution
Authors: Agliari Elena , Alemanno Francesco , Aquaro Miriam , Barra Adriano
Published: August 2023

Spin-glasses constitute a well-grounded framework for evolutionary models. Of particular interest for (some of) these models is the lack of self-averaging of their order parameters (e.g. the Hamming distance between the genomes of two individuals), even in asymptotic limits, much as like what happens to the overlap between the configurations of two replica in mean-field spin-glasses. In the latter, this lack of self-averaging is related to a peculiar behavior of the overlap fluctuations, as described by the Ghirlanda–Guerra identities and by the Aizenman–Contucci polynomials, that cover a pivotal role in describing the ultrametric structure of the spin-glass landscape. As for evolutionary models, such identities may therefore be related to a taxonomic classification of individuals, yet a full investigation on their validity is missing. In this paper, we study ultrametric identities in simple cases where solely random mutations take place, while selective pressure is absent, namely in flat landscape models. In particular, we study three paradigmatic models in this setting: the one parent model (which, by construction, is ultrametric at the level of single individuals), the homogeneous population model (which is replica symmetric), and the species formation model (where a broken-replica scenario emerges at the level of species). We find analytical and numerical evidence that in the first and in the third model nor the Ghirlanda–Guerra neither the Aizenman–Contucci constraints hold, rather a new class of ultrametric identities is satisfied; in the second model all these constraints hold trivially. Very preliminary results on a real biological human genome derived by The 1000 Genome Project Consortium and on two artificial human genomes (generated by two different types neural networks) seem in better agreement with these new identities rather than the classic ones.
The flow method for the Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff formula: exact results
Authors: Zadra Federico , Bravetti Alessandro , Alejandro García-Chung Angel , Seri Marcello
Published: August 2023

Leveraging techniques from the literature on geometric numerical integration, we propose a new general method to compute exact expressions for the Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff (BCH) formula. In its utmost generality, the method consists in embedding the Lie algebra of interest into a subalgebra of the algebra of vector fields on some manifold by means of an isomorphism, so that the BCH formula for two elements of the original algebra can be recovered from the composition of the flows of the corresponding vector fields. For this reason we call our method the flow method. Clearly, this method has great advantage in cases where the flows can be computed analytically. We illustrate its usefulness on some benchmark examples where it can be applied directly, and discuss some possible extensions for cases where an exact expression cannot be obtained.
Physicochemical, microbiological and sensorial qualities of dairy yoghurt supplemented with coconut and tiger nut milk extract during storage
Authors: Adesulu-Dahunsi A T , Bolarinwa O O , James F A
Published: August 2023

Plant-based milk products are tasty and nutritious for all ages. In Nigeria, these products are widely available and affordable by many, and sometimes also serve as alternatives to fresh cow’s milk in many homes due to scarcity or unavailability of the former. Many researchers have reported that the presence of lactose in cow milk is deleterious to individuals that are lactose intolerant or have dairy allergies. Coconut (Cocos nucifera) and tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus) are rich in fiber, protein, minerals such as phosphorous, selenium, potassium, manganese, and some vitamins. In this study, the physicochemical, microbiological properties, and sensory evaluation of dairy yoghurt fortified with coconut milk (CNM) and tiger nut milk (TNM) at varying percentages were evaluated during the period of storage (0, 4, 7, and 14 days) at 4°C, with dairy yoghurt serving as control. Lactobacillus spp. were the main fermentative organisms in all the yoghurt samples. The pH of the yoghurt samples ranged between 3.61-5.74 for the freshly prepared samples and between 3.18-5.19 after 14 days of storage. No significant differences were observed in the sensory properties of yoghurt containing 10, 20 and 30% TNM and CNM, and the control. In conclusion, plant-based milk sources can serve as a close substitute for dairy yoghurt.
Effect of plant density on the growth of grasses and legumes for ruminants’ production
Authors: Esan V I , Ogunbode T O , Olaniyi O C , Ayegboyin M H , Sangoyomi T E , Akande J A
Published: August 2023

Grasses and legumes are the two most significant plant species utilized as animal feed. Each of them has a special set of advantages that make it suitable for a distinct use. Thus, the objectives of this research work were to (i) evaluate the effects of planting density on growth and development of legumes and grasses, and (ii) examine the effects of planting density on the nutritional status of legumes and grasses for ruminant production. Five legumes and two grasses were subjected to 10 cm, 20 cm and 30 cm planting density in RCBD with three replications. ANOVA indicated that there were highly significant differences (P<0.001) in all the parameters measured. The plant density was also found to have highly significant (P<0.001) effect on internode and significant (P<0.05) effect on stem diameter and number of stems. Species by plant density interaction had highly significant effect (P<0.001) only on internode length. There was significant (P<0.05) decrease in morphological traits and biomass yields as the plant density increased. There were significant differences in mineral elements and proximate composition. Increase in plant density decreased the performance of plant species. The planting of both legumes and grasses at 30 cm spacing will be more beneficial for ruminant feed production.
Countering dairy misinformation with science communication: effectively communicating dairy product benefits to non-scientific publics
Authors: Nwogwugwu D I , Oyewole J A , Aderibigbe A A
Published: August 2023

Humans are bombarded daily with myriads of health-related dairy information and its impact on their health. While much of this information could be beneficial, others may be harmful, especially to the non-scientific publics, who cannot immediately verify such information. These non-scientific publics could also find it daunting to interpret and understand scientific findings on sustainable dairy benefits, thereby increasing the scourge of misinformation. While studies on the benefits of sustainable dairy production to human health have received much scholarly attention, there is a recurring challenge of dairy misinformation. Hence, communicating dairy products’ scientific benefits through research findings, facts, and counter-narratives becomes imperative. Science communication offers various methods to transmit science-related information to non-experts, thereby reducing misinformation. This study examines non-scientific publics knowledge and understanding of dairy benefits to understand aspects of dairy misinformation. Quantitative data was generated among 124 purposively selected non-scientific respondents, while five (5) professional medical practitioners (in)validated respondents’ opinions on aspects of dairy misinformation and scientific beliefs. The findings revealed a high knowledge of dairy benefits while there were aspects of misunderstanding and misinformation around dairy benefits. Moreover, respondents were uninformed about scientific findings and their benefits. This study suggests that providing counter-dairy narratives through adequate science communication, media (traditional and digital), community-level interactions, and multidisciplinary partnerships between science-based and non-science-based scholars could be a panacea to reducing dairy misinformation.
Assessment of dairy farmers’ awareness and knowledge of Artificial Insemination in Southwest, Nigeria
Authors: Ayandiji A , Nwachukwu I
Published: August 2023

Nigerian dairy sector regardless of its size, compared with other African nations, is divided, and ineffective, with a milk shortfall of 1.2 million metric tons per annum, despite the immense potential for profits from this venture. The study examined Dairy Farmers' awareness, sources, knowledge of Artificial Insemination, and challenges in dairy production. One hundred and fifty-three Dairy farmers were randomly from three states in the southwest. Results show that the majority of dairy farmers were within the age range of 41-50, 61.44% got information from other farmers,56.21% do not have formal education, 21-30 years in dairy farming, and 62.09% reared Local breeds. Majority (62.3%) of dairy farmers are aware, have no taboo on the use, and do not have contact with the extension staff. Dairy Farmers claimed that the animal’s health status should be considered first for Artificial insemination. Farmers are having high knowledge level of Artificial insemination and their major challenges are accessing credit and insecurity. It is concluded that the utilization of Artificial insemination technology is necessary for the development of dairy industry, therefore, extension contact must increase, the security of lives and property must improve and the introduction of exotic breeds for crossbreeding must also increase.
Chemical, physicochemical and sensory properties of yoghurt and yoghurt simulates produced from the blends of cow milk and coconut milk
Authors: Peters O O , Afolabi M O , Makinde F M
Published: August 2023

Chemical, physico-chemical and sensory properties of yoghurt and yoghurt simulates produced from blends of cow milk and coconut milk were investigated to produce a value-added product from the blends. Cow milk and coconut milk were blended in ratios 100:0; 80:20; 60:40; 50;50; 40:60; 20:80 and 0:100. Colour, pH, titratable acidity (TTA), proximate and mineral composition of the yoghurt samples were determined using standard methods. A 30–member panel assessed the yoghurt samples for sensory attributes, using a 5-point Hedonic scale. The L* value showed that 100% cow milk was the lightest with a value of 101.78. The pH and TTA values ranged from 3.78-3.81 and 0.21-0.51% respectively. The moisture contents ranged from 77.28–84.92%, protein: 2.20 – 4.69%, ash: 0.44 – 1.02%, fat: 0.07 – 0.31%, carbohydrate: 11.06 – 16.52%., phosphorus: 26.55 – 84.7 mg/100g, potassium: 62.27 – 161.62 mg/100g, zinc: 0.15 – 0.73 mg/100g, iron: 39.38 – 91.59 mg/100g, magnesium: 6.34 – 20.69 mg/100g, calcium: 61.58 – 217.23 mg/100g and manganese: 7.07 – 220 mg/100g. The yoghurt blend with 40% coconut was the most preferred among the blends and next to the sample with 100% milk in terms of general acceptability. Coconut yoghurt could serve as substitute for yoghurt from cow milk.
The investigation of the presence of heavy metals and evaluation of their concentration level in forage grasses (Bracharia) at a dairy farm
Authors: Emiola D. O. , Jegede O. O. , Arigbede O. E. , Akinpelu J. A. , Aweda F. O. , Ajani O. O. , Olapade O. T. , Olaogun K. O. , Akintunde E. O. , Adeniji A. A.
Published: August 2023

The quest to secure healthy consumption for both animals and man necessitated the interest of the authors to investigate the presence and the level of concentration of five heavy metals [Lead (Pb), Iron (Fe), Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn)] in forages for the cows at a dairy farm in a Nigerian University. The studied forages were of three species namely; Brachiaria Gayana (also known as giant signal grass), Brachiaria Sabia, and Brachiaria Decumbens, which were collected from the research farm at Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria. These samples were randomly collected in triplicate, labeled, stored and analyzed for the presence of five different heavy metals using PG990 atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The results showed traces of Pb although at a minimal level in all the samples collected, while Cd was not detected in all the forage grasses. The result also showed that the mean concentration of Fe, an essential heavy metal was the highest among all the heavy metals in the forages studied. The result is expected to shed more light on understanding the physicochemical properties of the forages in the studied dairy community.
Cost Benefit Analysis of Dairy Farming in South West Nigeria
Authors: Adigun Grace T , Adeniyi-Oso Ayomide E
Published: August 2023

The dairy sector performs a fundamental role in daily income, self-sufficiency, and food security among dairy farming households. Therefore, this study conducted a cost-benefit analysis of dairy production in South West Nigeria. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire from 150 dairy farmers selected through a multistage sampling method. Descriptive statistics and budgetary techniques were the analytical tools employed. The majority (60.67%) of the farmers were within active and productive age. Most (58.67%) were male, and the majority (92.91%) were married. Most (45.45%) had primary education. The total revenue (TR) realized from dairy farming was ₦493,752.00 per annum. On the other hand, the total fixed cost (TFC) incurred was ₦ 44,799.00. The total variable cost (TVC), the total cost (TC), The gross margin (GM) and the net farm income (NFI) are; ₦229,142.00, ₦ 273,941.00, ₦264,610.43 and ₦219,811.43 respectively. Furthermore, the rate of return on investment (RORI) was ₦0.80, which implies that on every one naira invested, a return of ₦1.80 was realized with a profit of N0.80. Dairy farming is profitable, given the positive values of the indices. However, genetically improved breeds, proper orientation and support services for dairy farms are strongly advocated for better performance and yield.
Modelling and forecasting dairy milk production: Evidence from Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) models
Authors: Samson T K , Akanbi A A , Omoyajowo A C , Ogunlaran O M
Published: August 2023

Dairy sector is one of the fastest growing sectors in the world with little global contributions from African countries and from Nigeria in particular. This study modelled and forecast diary milk production in Iwo and its environs using different variants of Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) models. Data used in this study comprised the daily milk production in Iwo and environs between 26th May, 2021 and 31st May, 2022 as obtained from Bowen University milk collection centre in Iwo, Nigeria. Sstationary was examined using the ADF test and p-value of. 0020 indicating the data is stationary at level (p<.05). Preliminary result indicates that milk production in the study area was as it peak in June, 2021 with 295 litres and the least value was obtained in September, 2021 with average of 63.95 litres in 2021 and 64.93 litres in 2022 respectively. There was no significant difference in litres of milk produced between these two years (p>.05). Four ARMA models, ARMA(1,1), ARMA(1,2), ARMA(2,1) and ARMA(2,2) were identified as tentative models with BIC values of 7.528, 7.550, 7.549 and 7.570 respectively. The four tentative models satisfied model diagnostic checking (p>0.05) and ARMA (1,1) gave the lowest value of Root Mean Square Error. Hence, ARMA(1,1) was adjudged as the best forecasting model among the competing models. Result of 30 days forecast shows that there will be a consistent steady increase in milk production within a range of 38 litres to 55 litres per day.
Comparative anatomical study of gill fish of Tor tambra, Tor soro, and Hampala macrolepidota as an environmental bioindicator
Authors: Almunadiya S , Muarif M , Sabar M , Akmal Y , Irfannur I , Muliari M , Ruzanna A
Published: August 2023

Gills are respiratory organs and bioindicators of environmental pollution since they are directly related to the environment. This study aims to examine anatomical differences in the gills of Tor tambra, Tor soro, and Hampala macrolepidota. This study used 5 fish with an average weight of 2-5 kg collected from the Tangse River area, Pidie Regency, Aceh and the Bahorok River area, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra. The research step comprised sampling, transportation, dissection, photo shooting and editing, morphological analysis and data analysis. Morphological studies were observed from the shape, location, and the number of each gill. Data were analyzed descriptively in the form of tables and figures. Results of morphological comparison showed that the fish’s gill apparatus consisted of arcus branchialis, filamen branchialis and branchiospinalis. In T. tambra and T. soro, the shape of the arcus branchialis resembled inverted L-like curve, compared to H. macrolepidota which resembled a crescent moon. Each filamen branchialis sheet of T. tambra was sparse, while T. Soro was denser and H. macrolepidota had shorter filament. T. tambra and T. soro had a sharp and dense branchiospinalis compared to H. macrolepidota which was pointed and sparse. The ceratobranchialis raker of H. macrolepidota fish was not developed compared to that of T. tambra and T. soro which were more developed.
Is it possible to use idle shrimp ponds for grouper farming? (A case study for Langsa and Aceh Tamiang)
Authors: Samad A P A , Junita A , Baihaqi B
Published: August 2023

This study aims to analyze the suitability of idle shrimp pond for grouper aquaculture in Langsa and Aceh Tamiang. The sampling locations were spread over 7 villages in Langsa and 8 villages in Aceh Tamiang. Data were collected from July to August 2022. The ponds size was varied and observed for the soil parameters such as soil texture, organic matter, pH, and Fe content. While for water quality, the parameters were temperature, salinity, pH, DO and brightness. The method used was mapping of idle ponds using GIS, interviews, and water quality measurements, as well as using the matching method to obtain land suitability classes. The study found that the quality of soil and water in the two areas was feasible for the development of grouper aquaculture. The soil types are 62% sand, 46% clay, 31.44% organic matter, pH 5.5, and FE 200 ppm. Whereas the water salinity ranges from 27-32.1 ppt, DO 4.5-6.2, pH 5.5-8.3 with a brightness level of 1.5 m. Moreover analysis of the land conditions are classified into S2 (quite suitable). Therefore, it is recommended to use the idle ponds for grouper farming.
Exploration of The Natural Extender for Dilution of Walking Catfish Clarias batrachus Sperm in Refrigerated Storage
Authors: Handayani L S , Muchlisin Z A , Eriani K , Maulida S , Rahayu S R , Nur F M
Published: August 2023

Walking catfish Clarias batrachus is a freshwaterr fish that has high economic value. Currently, the culture of this local catfish has been initiated in Indonesia, but the breeding technology has not been well developed. Therefore, this study aims to explore the type of natural extender for sperm preservation of local catfish C. batrachus so that it can support the development of its breeding technology, especially in remote areas. The research was conducted at the Hatchery Laboratory of the Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Universitas Syiahh Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia.. Four types of natural extenders were tested in this study, namely young coconut water, nira water, sugarcane water, and old coconut water. Completely randomized design method consisting of five treatments and three replications were used in this study. Sperm were diluted with each tested extender with a sperm dilution rate of 1:20 (sperm: extender, v/v), then stored at 4 °C. The motility and viability were monitored every 24 h interval for 6 days. The results showed that the natural extender significantly affected the motility, viability, and sperm fertility of walking catfish (P<0.05). Young coconut water produced higher motility and viability on all observation days. The higher sperm motility, viability, and egg fertility on the last day of the experiment were also found in sperm diluted in young coconut water, with values of 45.83%, 43.83%, and 41.50%, respectively. These values were significantly different from other types of extenders. Therefore, it is concluded that young coconut water is the most suitable natural extender for sperm preservation of local catfish at 4 °C.
Bacterial density variations of the coastal waters from three marine aquaculture centers in Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Mahardika K , Mastuti I , Septory R , Nasukha A , Giri I N A
Published: August 2023

The highly dynamic nature of marine waters can create unique characteristics for bacterial communities. The purpose of this study was to quantify the number of bacteria present in the beach sand and coastal waters of three marine aquaculture centers in Bali, Indonesia. Two locations that have developed were selected (Patas Village and Candikusuma Village). While an advance centre was located in Sumberkima Village Bay. Sampling was done in March-April 2021. Seawater and beach sand from the three locations were collected and analyzed for total plate count bacteria, Vibrio sp., halotolerant bacteria, rod-shaped gram-negative bacteria and anaerobic facultative bacteria. Sampling of sea water was carried out at 4-5 points around floating net cages and beach sand around the location. The sampling results showed that the total plate count bacteria and halotolerant bacteria in coastal waters from the three locations were less varied. While number of Vibrio sp. in Candikusuma Village lower than the Vibrio sp. in two centre. Rod-shaped gram-negative bacteria were found in advance centre (Sumberkima Village). Sand beach bacteria from Sumberkima Village and Patas Village have similar number of total plate count bacteria, Vibrio sp., halotolerant bacteria and rod-shaped gram-negative bacteria. However, the number of these bacteria were significant different with the same bacterial on the beach sand of Candikusuma Village, except anaerobic facultative bacteria. These results indicate that the bacterial population is influenced by development of aquaculture activities in coastal waters.
The development of Natuna Regency as a fishery industrial zone in the Indonesian border area
Authors: Pramoda R , Shafitri N , Apriliani T , Zulham A , Kurniasari N
Published: August 2023

The implementation of infrastructure development in the marine and fisheries sector is faced with the challenge of realizing the integration between national policies through the potential, problems, or needs in the regions as outlined in society-based plans. The interest of the Indonesian government to develop Natuna Regency as a fishery industrial zone is related to potential resources that can still be optimized and has a strategic water as a border area, making it prone to illegal fishing cases by neighboring countries. Based on that, the purpose of this study is to examine the development of Natuna Regency as a fishery industrial zone. The analysis was carried out qualitatively with a case study approach and discussed descriptively. The parameters used to measure the readiness of Natuna Regency as a fishery industrial zone are: 1) government policy and governance; 2) fish resources utilization and spatial planning; 3) infrastructure; 4) community empowerment and business; 5) institutional; 6) technology. The result showed: 1) aspects of the development pillars that have been assessed as supporting Natuna Regency to become a fishery industrial zone; 2) the impact of fishery industrial development policies can increase economic activity in Natuna Regency; 3) the Natuna’s Regency appointment as a fishery industrial zone by the Indonesian government is the right policy.
Phylogeography pattern of Lutjanus kasmira in the Bengal Strait and the Arabian Sea
Authors: Rahayu S R , Muchlisin Z A , Fadli N , Rizal S , Razi N M , Ramadhaniaty M , Handayani L S , Maulida S , Nur F M , Nurlaili N
Published: August 2023

Lutjanus kasmira is one of the snappers occupying and commonly found in the Arabian Sea and the Bengal Strait. The purpose of this study was to examine the comparative phylogeography pattern of Lutjanus kasmira in the Bengal Strait and the Arabian Sea using the mitochondrial COI gene as a marker. The population sampled of Indonesia was taken from fish landing in Banda Aceh, Indonesia, while the population of India represented Bengal Strait, Oman, Yemen, Djibouti and Somalia respresented Arabian sea was retrieved from the NCBI Genbank. The extraction method was carried out using a modified C-TAB protocol. In this study at total of 47 sequences were analysed that produced 22 haplotypes where 18 haplotypes distributed in the Arabian Sea and 4 haplotypes from Bengal Strait. 10 samples of Oman population produced 6 haplotypes, 10 samples from Djibouti produced 5 haplotypes, 5 haplotypes from the population of Yemen, Somalia 2 haplotypes and India 1 haplotypes, respectively. Meanwhile, the Indonesian population, from 6 samples, produced 3 haplotypes. L. kasmira population from Arabian Sea and Bengal strait had no connectivity. The highest haplotype diversity (Hd) value was found in Oman population of 0.956 and the lowest found in Somalia population, while Indonesia population has a moderate genetic diversity.
The gonad maturity level of kawakawa (Euthynus affinis) landed at Tanjung Beringin’s auction place Serdang Bedagai Regency of North Sumatra
Authors: Hasibuan J S , Ulfa J S , Desrita  , Manurung V R , Sinaga J
Published: August 2023

Kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis) is one of the economically valuable species for Mallaca strait fishermen. This study aims to determine the level of gonad maturity, the size of the fish’s first ripe gonad, and the gonad maturity index of Kawakawa (E. affinis) caught at Tanjung Beringin’s Auction Place, Serdang Bedagai Regency, North Sumatra. Three months of sampling were conducted, from July to September 2021. The maturation of gonads was observed morphologically. Kawakawa (E. affinis) GMI was analyzed based on a comparison between gonad weight and body weight. Male and female Kawakawa gonad maturity levels are determined by levels I, II, III, and IV. Male Kawakawa gonad maturity index ranged from 0.0053% to 4.556%, while female Kawakawa gonad maturity index ranged from 0.0032% to 5.181%. Male Kawakawa mature gonads measured 407.77 mm and female gonads measured 404.53 mm.
Composition of marine litter from fishing activities: a preliminary study at the fish landing base of Pantai Labu North Sumatera
Authors: Muhammad M , Ningsih R A , Zulfahmi I
Published: August 2023

Pantai Labu Fish Landing Base (PPI) is a type D fishing port that’s located in Paluh Sibaji Village, Pantai Labu District, Deli Serdang Regency. The existence of garbage in the sea is important to know because the generation of garbage in the sea can have a negative effect in several sectors, one of which is in carrying out fishing activities. The purpose of this study was to determine the composition of marine litter from fishing activities by fishing units at Pantai Labu Fish Landing Base. This research was conducted in January 2022 in Paluh Sibaji Village, Pantai Labu District, North Sumatra. Data collection method used purposive sampling. The results showed that the composition of inorganic waste generated from fishing activities consisted of plastic, metal, paper and cardboard. Types of waste made from plastic materials consist of plastic bags, food wrappers, plastic bottles, bottle caps, plastic cups, cigarette packs, foamed plastic, and monofilament fishing line.
Enhancing brackish water tilapia seed production with biofloc technology
Authors: Amalia I R , Permana D , Sari R I , Arifin Z , Nur A
Published: August 2023

Aim of this study was to observe the effect of biofloc technology application to enhance brackish water tilapia production. This research was conducted by using two different stocking densities at 3000 seeds.m-3 (D-3000) and 6000 seeds.m-3 (D-6000). It was performed on concrete tanks of 5.5 x 1.8 x 0.8 m in dimension (active volume 5 m3) located under semi-indoor building. Biofloc formation were stimulated by adding molasses as carbon source by adjusting C:N ratio to around 10:1. The water salinity increased gradually after 8th day and reached up to 15 ppt during harvest. The result showed that brackish water tilapia seed survival rate of D-3000 and D-6000 was in range 77-79 %, biomass were 0.60 - 0.85 kg.m−3, and seed uniformity was 77-82%. Biofloc or floc volume of D-3000 was higher than D-6000 at 10 ml.l−1 and 3 ml.l−1 respectively. At the beginning, microalgae population was dominated by Bacillariophyceae while Chlorophyceae dominated at the end of rearing periods, and Rotifer density around 64-191 ind.ml−1. Total bacteria observed was in range of 3x103-14x104 cfu.ml−1. For both treatment nitrite (N-NO2) was 0.000-0.029 ppm, nitrate (N-NO3) was 0.000-0.445 ppm or less than 0.5 ppm, dissolved oxygen (DO) range was in optimal conditions (5.8-6.2 ppm) for tilapia rearing.
An inventory of gastropod species in the mangrove ecosystems of Nusa Lembongan, Bali
Authors: Galgani G A , Ernawati N M , Dewi A P W K
Published: August 2023

Research of the inventory of gastropods in the mangrove ecosystem of Nusa Lembongan was carried out from July to August 2022. This descriptive research aims to determine the species and diversity of gastropods. The study was conducted using the quadrant transect method at 54 points, 9 points each in six vegetation zone. The results showed that there were 20 species of gastropods from 7 families. The families found were Ellobiidae, Potamididae, Cerithiidae, Littorinidae, Columbellidae, Neritidae, and Mitridae. The abundance of gastropods found in the study area ranged from 1 - 241 ind/9m2, with the highest abundance being Clypeomorus pellucida and the lowest abundance being Nerita savieana and N. undata. Gastropod diversity index in the Nusa Lembongan mangrove ecosystem ranges from 0.4 - 1.6 which is a moderate range.
Estimation of the sustainable potential of scads fish (Decapterus sp.) landed at the Pusong Fish Landing Base, Lhokseumawe
Authors: Aprilla R M , Umraiti K S , Agustina I , Rahmah A , Rizqi R , Salmarika S
Published: August 2023

Scad (Decapterus sp.) is one of the small pelagic resources that play a big role in the fishermen’s economic sector in PPI Pusong, Lhokseumawe. Based on time series data within a period of 5 years (2016-2020) scad production tends to fluctuate every year, while the scad fishing grounds are farther than the previous 5 years, namely 4-20 miles to 80-200 miles. This is one of the indications of the disruption of fish resources. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research on the analysis of sustainable potential (MSY), and the utilization rate of scad landed at the PPI Pusong. This research was conducted in March-April 2022. The data used in this study used primary and secondary data with a sample number of 25 purse seine. Based on the results of data analysis, an MSY value of 1,482 tons/year was obtained, with optimum efforts (Fopt) of 1,930 trips/year and the number of catches allowed (TAC) of 80% MSY of 1,186 tons/year. While the average utilization rate is 70.95%, which is in the optimum level category. However, the precautionary approach to the use of scad must still be controlled in its fishing, so that scad resources remain sustainable.
Assessment of Target Strength Value of Demersal Fish in Lancang Waters Using Simrad Single Beam Echosounder
Authors: Purnawan S , Elson L , Manik H M
Published: August 2023

Hydroacoustic technology is excellent at determining accurately and in near real-time the objects located near the seabed. Therefore, acoustic technology is widely recognized for fisheries resources mapping, including demersal fish. The objective of this study was to estimate the value of demersal fish target strength (TS) in the waters of Lancang Island, Kepulauan Seribu region. A Single Beam Echosounder Simrad EK-15 with a frequency of 200 kHz was employed for data collecting in the waters around Lancang Island. The integration layer width was set at 3 meters with a horizontal integration distance of 200 meters. The average target strength (TSc) values obtained from the integration cell ranged from -55.52 dB to -42 dB with an average of -50.30 dB. Furthermore, the seabed depth influenced the distribution of TSc values, with higher TSc values in deeper habitat locations.
Identification and Morphometric Analysis of Octopus (Cephalopods) from Coastal Area Gugop Pulo Breuh, Aceh Besar
Authors: Ramadhaniaty M , Octavina C , Purnawan S , Sari I P , Uwais T A , Qalby P D
Published: August 2023

Octopus is a commodity that has important economic value and high export value. Gugop Distric is one of the producers of octopus in the form of fresh products and processed products developed by Kube Mangat. It is said that the octopus species in Indonesia are dominated byOctopus cyanea, but there is no scientific certainty for the type of octopus in this Gugop village. This study aimed to identify morphometric analysis is for octopus. This research conducted in May-July 2022. Information on octopus resources in Aceh is still limited. Information about octopus biology needs to be known as basic information in octopus resource management. A total of 35 octopus samples were obtained, there are 5 key characteristics inOctopus cyaneaincluding ocellus, bluish-white spots, brown markings all over the body, diamond-shaped papillae on the neck and head. The presence of false eye spots indicating that this species isOctopus cyanea. The size trend based on the total length of the octopus showed 6 classes with the highest total in the 68-72 cm category, namely 9 individuals. These results indicate that the octopus caught is still in a suitable size for capture feasibility and has entered the reproductive period.
Effect of fermented ginger (Zingiber officinale) on The Blood Profile of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Afriani S , Putra D F , Mursalin
Published: August 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of adding fermented ginger (Zingiber officinale) in feed to the blood profile of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). This study used a completely randomized design method with 4 treatments and each treatment had 4 replications. Treatment A was a control treatment (without the addition of fermented ginger), treatment B with the addition of fermented ginger 5 mL/100 g of feed, treatment C with the addition of fermented ginger 7.5 mL/100 g of feed, and treatment D with the addition of fermented ginger 10 mL/ 100 g of feed. The results of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed that the addition of fermented ginger to feed had a significant effect (P<0.05) on total value of erythrocytes, haematocrit and but did not significantly affect (P>0.05) on the total value of haemoglobin, lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes. Total values of erythrocytes in each treatment were significantly different and the highest total erythrocyte value was found in treatment C (1.70×106 cells/mm3).
Study of trophic interactions of green mussels (Perna viridis) as bioremediation of waste for cultivation of windu shrimp (Penaeus monodon) in Gampong Alue Naga, Banda Aceh: application of IMTA system (Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture)
Authors: Nurfadillah N , Rusydi I , Hasfiandi H
Published: August 2023

Residual organic matter from the cultivation of Windu Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) can cause a decrease in the quality of cultured water. This study aims to examine the trophic interactions of Windu Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) and Green mussels (Perna viridis) in a polyculture system including observing growth performance, survival rate and bioremediation level of green mussels. This research was conducted in April – September 2022 in Gampong Alue Naga, Banda Aceh. Sample biota was Windu Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) (PL20) with an average length of 1.2 cm, and green mussels (Perna viridis) obtained from nature with a shell size range of 3 cm – 5 cm. Research on species composition per container volume in a polyculture system used a completely randomized design method with 4 treatment levels and 3 replications. The treatments in this study were differences in stocking density of green mussels A (0 ind/m2), B (20 ind/m2), C (40 ind/m2), and D (60 ind/m2). In this study, the number of windu stocked was the same, namely 60 fish/container with a container size of 1x1 meter. The results showed that the difference in stocking density of green mussels had a significant effect (p<0.05) on absolute growth and survival rate of Windu shrimp but had no significant effect on absolute weight and daily growth rate of Windu shrimp (p>0.05). The average daily growth rate (SGR) ranges from 10.54% - 11.98%. The lowest survival rate value was found in treatment B, which was 26.11±10.04 and the highest survival rate value is found in treatment C of 73.33±26.6. The best treatment in this study was the stocking density of green mussels of 40 ind/m2. Green mussel filtration rate ranged from 0.6 to 1.7 L/day. Application of multispecies cultivation system (polyculture) is better than monoculture system based on growth performance and filtration rate of green mussels (Perna viridis).
Morphometric study of blood cockle (Anadara granosa) in Kendari Bay, Southeast Sulawesi
Authors: Bahtiar  , Fekri L , Ishak E , Permatahati Y I , Nur I
Published: August 2023

The cockle immerses in the substrate of the intertidal zone. Their conditions and growth factors are highly dependent on nutrients around the waters of Kendari Bay. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between length, weight, and condition factors. The study was conducted in March 2016 to February 2017 at the intertidal zone of Kendari Bay. The samples were collected with a shovel in a 1x1 m square transect monthly. Furthermore, the length and weight of the shells were measured using a calliper and a digital scale with an accuracy of 0.5 cm and 0.001g, respectively. The cockle was oven-dried for 48 hours. Simple linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between length and weight, while the condition factors were examined using the Mann-Whitney test. The results showed that male and female cockle shells had b values in the negative allometric and isometric categories, which spread from the respective ranges of 2.31-3.06 and 2.21-3.23. The b values for males and females increased in March-September and then decreased in October-February. Meanwhile, the condition factors of male and female mussels based on size and time of observation were not significantly different and ranged from 3.24±1.33-7.07±0.43 and 2.94±0.54-6.63±1.09. The highest condition index was discovered in October, March, and August, respectively, while the lowest occurred in June and September.
Identification of marine debris from fishery activities in Nipah and Alue Riyeung beaches, Nasi island, Northern Aceh waters
Authors: Silitonga N A , Agustina S , Karina S
Published: August 2023

It is believed that the debris discovered in the ocean originated on land and was unintentionally and purposely transported by a river. Marine debris will accumulate on the water’s surface and sink to the bottom over time, polluting the seawater if left mismanaged. The life of marine organism will be threatened by the existence of the debris. The purpose of this study is to quantify the quantity of macro-sized marine debris generated by fishing activities. This study was carried out on Nasi Island in Aceh Besar from February to April 2022. Sampling of marine debris was carried out using the shoreline method with a 100 meter long transect. Marine debris from fishing activities identified includes types of plastic, plastic foam, cloth and wood, with a total of 179 items.
Growth performance and biomass aquatic plants of Hydrilla verticillata in floating net cages and non-floating net cages in Laut Tawar Lake
Authors: Hasri I , Harahap P D
Published: August 2023

Aquatic plants of Hydrilla verticillata have a role as a provider of natural food for the aquatic biota of Laut Tawar Lake. This study aimed to analyze the biomass growth of submerged aquatic plant of Hydrilla verticillata found in the KJA and non-KJA areas in Laut Tawar lake. The research was conducted from January to April 2022 in Laut Tawar Lake, Central Aceh Regency. The method used in determining the station of this research is purposive sampling. Data collection on aquatic plant growth was carried out at 2 observation stations using the quadratic transect method measuring 1 x 1 m. The results showed that the growth of the aquatic plant Hydrilla verticilata in Laut Tawar Lake was at a KJA station of 0.72 cm compared to a non-KJA 0.59 which was significantly different (p>0.05). The biomass of aquatic plant of Hydrilla verticilata measured was dry biomass with a value of 574 g/m2 at the KJA station while at the KJA station it was 203 g/m2. The density of water plants Hydrilla verticilata at KJA stations is 270 ind/m2 while at non-KJA stations is 173 ind/m2. It can be concluded that the growth of aquatic plants Hydrilla verticillata is greater than that of non-KJA stations.
Relationship of mangrove snail’s abundance (Cerithidea sp.) with mangrove density at mangrove ecosystem in Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar
Authors: Farahisah H , Azizah N , Dewiyanti I , Yulvizar C
Published: August 2023

Mangrove snails are aquatic biota that inhabit in the mangrove ecosystem, they lives attached to mangrove trees or scattered on the substrate surface. The purposes of this study were to identify the species, distribution pattern, the abundance of mangrove snails (Cerithidea sp.) and their correlation with mangrove density, water and soil characteristics in mangrove ecosystem, Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar. The research sampling was started in April to May 2022. The samples were collected from 5 stations, and purposive sampling method was applied in order to select the sampling station. The results discovered that the species of Cerithidea was Cerithidea cingulate, and the highest abundance was 18 individuals/m2 (station 1). Moreover, the lowest abundance was at station 5 as many as 10 individuals/m2, and other stations showed the abundance of C. cingulata was 15.67 individuals/m2 (station 2), 14.67 individuals/m2 (station 4), and 13 individuals/m2 (station 3) respectively, with a uniform distribution pattern at each station. There was no significantly correlation between mangrove density and the abundance of mangrove snails as well as the relationship between the abundance of mangrove snails with the characteristics of water and soil where PSig. > 0.05.
Cherax quadricarinatus: Identifying potentially invasive species in Lake Laut Tawar through their bio-population aspects
Authors: Damora A , Simatupang A H , Hasri I , Andriyono S , N Fadli
Published: August 2023

Cherax quadricarinatus is an introduced species that is deliberately stocked in Lake Laut Tawar, Takengon, Indonesia. This study aims to analyze bio-population aspect of this species, including length frequency distribution, length-weight relationship, condition factors, and biology reproductive. A total of 361 individual was sampled bi-weekly from October to December 2021 in Lake Laut Tawar, Central Aceh, Indonesia. The carapace length of the crayfish ranged from 26.5 to 69.9 mm CL, with the length class mode being 41.69 mm CL. The growth pattern of freshwater crayfish is negative allometric (b<3) as described as an equation W = 0.0002CL29522 (R2 = 0.907). The sex ratio of C. quadricarinatus between male and female was in balance ratio (1:1) (Chi-square test result). The length of maturity (L
50) in male was 49.49 mm CL, while in female was 47.41 mm CL. The highest gonad somatic index (GSI) was in December at 1.02, while the lowest was in November at 0.79. Fecundity of female ranged from 267 to 970 eggs.
Cellulose-g-poly (acrylic acid) interpenetrated by fulvic acid for potential Cu (II) removal from wastewater
Authors: Rahmawati R , Ekawati S , Yunus A L , Roja’i A M , Suhartini M
Published: August 2023

The cellulose-g-poly (acrylic acid) copolymer preparation in the presence of fulvic acid as an interpenetrating agent (C-g-PAA/FA) has been successfully conducted using gamma radiation. The acrylic acid was utilized as a functional monomer and N, N’-methylene bisacrylamide was used as a crosslinking agent. The fulvic acid addition to C-g-PAA was intended to enhance the number of functional groups responsible for the chelating agent. The infrared spectra of the obtained copolymer verified the incorporation of fulvic acid and acrylic acid in the cellulose network structure by the appearance of phenyl vibration and changes in the carbonyl vibration at 1560 and 1725 cm−1, respectively. Moreover, the thermogravimetric analysis showed that the C-g-PAA/FA increased the thermal resistance of the cellulose structure, which could be explained by the formation of robust and more chemical bonds that contributed to the network structure. Scanning electron microscope images revealed that the C-g-PAA/FA possesses a more compact and stronger network structure compared to pristine cellulose. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis confirmed the presence of copper ions on the surface of C-g-PAA/FA after Cu (II) removal. In addition, the C-g-PAA/FA has effectively been used as Cu (II) removal in the aqueous solution, with a removal percentage of up to 56 %.