bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peri‐ictal psychiatric manifestations in people with epilepsy: An umbrella review
Authors: Alva‐Diaz Carlos , Cabanillas‐Lazo Miguel , Navarro‐Flores Alba , Martinez‐Rivera Raisa N. , Valdeiglesias‐Abarca Maria , Acevedo‐Marino Krystel , Pacheco‐Barrios Kevin , Ruiz‐Garcia Ramiro , Burneo Jorge
Published: May 2024

Objective

We aimed to conduct an umbrella review to summarize the existing evidence regarding the prevalence of peri‐ictal psychiatric manifestations (PM) in people with epilepsy (PWE) including pre‐ictal, ictal, and postictal stages.

Methods

Databases were searched up to June 2023 for systematic reviews (SR) of observational studies that included patients with epilepsy peri‐ictal PM. Data selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment (with the AMSTAR‐2 instrument) were performed by two independent reviewers. We performed a narrative synthesis using previous guidelines. We used a self‐developed decision table according to the GRADE system adapted for narrative outcomes if the certainty of outcomes was not determined by systematic review authors.

Results

Four SRs were included comprising 66 primary studies (n = 10 217). Three SRs evaluated one period (pre‐ictal, ictal, and postictal), and one did not determine it. During the pre‐ictal period, the more prevalent symptom was confusion, although with a low certainty (due to the heterogeneity and serious risk of bias). One systematic review that only included case reports evaluated the ictal period, finding mood/anxiety disorders, psychosis, and personality changes. The postictal period included the most PM (anxiety: 45.0% and depressive symptoms: 43.0%), with very low certainty, due to risk of bias, potential publication bias, heterogeneity, and failure to report the confidence intervals.

Significance

With very low certainty, epileptic periods are characterized by a wide spectrum of PM, being postictal symptoms the most prevalent, predominantly anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Further understanding of these PM of epilepsy could improve the attention of the people with epilepsy.

Plain Language Summary

In this review of reviews, we summarize the frequency in which psychiatric manifestations occur in relation to an epileptic seizure. A total of 10 217 patients were reported in the reviews. The most common manifestations included symptoms of anxiety and depression, as well as changes in the normal behavior of the patient. These manifestations occurred most frequently right after the seizure finished.
Real‐world anti‐seizure treatment and adverse events among individuals living with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy in the United States
Authors: Mao Jianbin , Takahashi Koji , Cheng Mu , Xu Churong , Boca Andra , Song Yan , Dandurand Ann
Published: May 2024

Objective

This study aimed to understand how people living with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy (DRE) navigate through lines of antiseizure medications (ASM) and experience adverse events (AEs) in the real‐world setting in the United States.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted with medical chart data from clinical practices in the United States. Eligible adults had a confirmed diagnosis of DRE and initiated a third‐line ASM therapy between January 2013 and January 2020 (i.e., the index date). Subjects must have medical history data available for ≥1 year prior to (the baseline) and ≥2 years after the index date (the follow‐up). Treatment patterns were captured from first to fourth lines. After the emergence of drug resistance, time to ASM discontinuation, reasons for discontinuation, AE experience and AE management were reported separately during third and fourth lines of treatment and beyond.

Results

The study included a total of 345 individuals, with an average (standard deviation) age of 23.9 (11.9) years at first diagnosis. All individuals had at least three lines of ASMs with first and second lines during baseline, and third line during follow‐up. The first line for most individuals was monotherapy. As individuals progressed through additional lines of ASM therapy, they were more likely to receive polytherapy. The regimens were more individualized after meeting drug resistance criteria. The top reasons for discontinuing were uncontrolled seizure and/or intolerance/AEs for both third and subsequent lines. More than a third of individuals experienced at least one AE. Among those with at least one AE, many individuals had to manage these AEs with dose adjustment (39.4%), discontinuation of offending ASM (37.9%), de novo pharmacotherapy (25.8%), emergency room visit (13.6%), and hospitalization (12.1%).

Significance

This study demonstrated that individuals living with DRE experience significant AEs, and many of these AEs lead to treatment disruption and significant healthcare resource utilization.

Plain Language Summary

This study examined how individuals with focal epilepsy are treated across various clinics in United States and reported the adverse events these individuals experienced during treatment, along with the consequence associated with these adverse events. We found that as individuals progressed through additional treatments, they were more and more likely to receive more than one antiseizure medication, and a significant portion of individuals experienced at least one adverse event, often manifested as headache, somnolence, dizziness, and fatigue.
Response of Microbial Communities to Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material–Contaminated Sediments: A Microcosm-Based Study
Authors: MacIntosh Amy , Dafforn Katherine , Chariton Anthony , Koppel Darren , Cresswell Tom , Gissi Francesca
Published: May 2024

There is a growing need to understand the potential ecological impacts of contaminants in offshore oil and gas infrastructure, especially if that infrastructure is to be left in situ as a decommissioning option. Naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) is one type of contaminant found in solid deposits on internal surfaces of infrastructure that poses potential ecological harm if released into the marine environment. Microbes are important components of marine sediment ecosystems because they provide ecosystem services, yet the impacts of NORM contamination to these communities are not well understood. The present study aimed to investigate the response of benthic microbial communities to NORM-contaminated scale, collected from an offshore oil and gas system, via controlled laboratory microcosm studies. Changes to microbial communities in natural sediment and sediments spiked with NORM at radium-226 activity concentrations ranging from 9.5 to 59.8 Bq/kg (in partial equilibria with progeny) over 7 and 28 days were investigated using high-throughput sequencing of environmental DNA extracted from experimental sediments. There were no significant differences in microbial community composition between control and scale-spiked sediments over 7 and 28 days. However, we observed a greater presence of Firmicutes in the scale-mixed treatment and Chloroflexi in the scale-surface treatments after 28 days. This could suggest selection for species with contaminant tolerance or potential resilience to radiation and metal toxicity. Further research is needed to explore microbial tolerance mechanisms and their potential as indicators of effects of radionuclide-contaminated sediments. The present study demonstrated that microcosm studies can provide valuable insights about the potential impacts of contamination from oil and gas infrastructure to sediment microbial communities. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1648–1661. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Comparison of chemical contaminant measurements using CLAM, POCIS, and silicone band samplers in estuarine mesocosms
Authors: Wirth Ed , Shaddrix Brian , Pisarski Emily , Pennington Paul , DeLorenzo Marie , Whitall David
Published: May 2024

Discrete water samples represent a snapshot of conditions at a particular moment in time and may not represent a true chemical exposure caused by changes in chemical input, tide, flow, and precipitation. Sampling technologies have been engineered to better estimate time-weighted concentrations. In this study, we consider the utility of three integrative sampling platforms: polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS), silicone bands (SBs), and continuous, low-level aquatic monitoring (CLAM). This experiment used simulated southeastern salt marsh mesocosm systems to evaluate the response of passive (POCIS, SBs) and active sampling (CLAM) devices along with discrete sampling methodologies. Three systems were assigned to each passive sampler technology. Initially, all tanks were dosed at nominal (low) bifenthrin, pyrene, and triclosan concentrations of 0.02, 2.2, and 100 µg/L, respectively. After 28 days, the same treatment systems were dosed a second time (high) with bifenthrin, pyrene, and triclosan at 0.08, 8.8, and 200 µg/L, respectively. For passive samplers, estimated water concentrations were calculated using published or laboratory-derived sampling rate constants. Chemical residues measured from SBs resulted in high/low ratios of approximately 2x, approximately 3x, and 1x for bifenthrin, pyrene, and triclosan. A similar pattern was calculated using data from POCIS samples (~4x, ~3x, ~1x). Results from this study will help users of CLAM, POCIS, and SB data to better evaluate water concentrations from sampling events that are integrated across time. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:1384–1395. © 2024 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).

Key Points

Integrative passive samplers can be an important tool in coastal chemical pollutant monitoring programs, but salt content in marine and estuarine systems can pose a challenge when estimating time-weighted average concentrations. Remote sampling systems that track the total volume extracted, such as the continuous low-level aquatic monitoring (CLAM) unit, may be appropriate for monitoring in remote areas and generating integrated chemical concentrations. Passive sampler devices require sampling rate constants (Rs and KPW) that are sensitive to environmental factors such as salinity. There is a general lack of reported constants measured under saline conditions.
Diffusion tensor imaging from past to present: A bibliometric analysis with trending topics and global productivity during 1980–2022
Authors: Özlük Enes , Özlük Gülşah Öztürk
Published: May 2024

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) provides increasing opportunities for clinicians. As bibliometric studies define trends of novel modality applications, this study on DTI analyzed global productivity, most prolific institutions, and research areas. Articles obtained from the Web of Science (WoS) database were analyzed with the VOSviewer program, biblioshiny library in the R studio software bibliometrix package, exponential smoothing estimator, and with the SPSS (Version: 22.0) statistical software. In descending order, the United States, China, and Germany were the top 3 countries publishing DTI research. In descending order, the top 3 most productive institutions were California, Harvard and Johns Hopkins University. Trend topics include traumatic brain injury, tract‐based spatial statistics, fractional anisotropy, prognosis, machine learning, autism, white matter integrity and microstructure and Parkinson's disease. According to the estimations, 345 DTI articles will be published in 2025 (95% CI: 254–437). This study indicates the ever‐growing employment of DTI in clinical and basic sciences.
Differences in ankle and knee muscle architecture and plantar pressure distribution among women with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Cigercioglu Nazli Busra , Bazancir‐Apaydin Zilan , Apaydin Hakan , Baltaci Gul , Guney‐Deniz Hande
Published: May 2024

Background

The aim of this study was to compare the plantar pressure distribution and knee and ankle muscle architecture in women with and without knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods

Fifty women with knee OA (mean age = 52.11 ± 4.96 years, mean Body mass index (BMI) = 30.94 ± 4.23 kg/m2) and 50 healthy women as a control group (mean age = 50.93 ± 3.78 years, mean BMI = 29.06 ± 4.82 kg/m2) were included in the study. Ultrasonography was used to evaluate knee and ankle muscles architecture and femoral cartilage thickness. The plantar pressure distribution was evaluated using the Digital Biometry Scanning System and Milleri software (DIASU, Italy). Static foot posture was evaluated using the Foot Posture Index (FPI), and pain severity was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale.

Results

The OA group exhibited lower muscle thickness in Rectus Femoris (RF) (p = 0.003), Vastus Medialis (VM) (p = 0.004), Vastus Lateralis (p = 0.023), and Peroneus Longus (p = 0.002), as well as lower Medial Gastrocnemius pennation angle (p = 0.049) and higher Fat thickness (FT) in RF (p = 0.033) and VM (p = 0.037) compared to the control group. The OA group showed thinner femoral cartilage thickness (p = 0.001) and higher pain severity (p = 0.001) than the control groups. FPI scores were higher (p = 0.001) in OA group compared to the control group. The plantar pressure distribution results indicated an increase in total surface (p = 0.027), total load (p = 0.002), medial load (p = 0.005), and lateral load (p = 0.002) on dominant side in OA group compared to the control group.

Conclusions

Knee and ankle muscle architecture, knee extensor muscle FT, and plantar pressure distribution in the dominant foot differed in individuals with knee OA compared to the control group.
Evaluation of an E6/E7 PCR‐capillary electrophoresis fragment analysis in the genotyping of human papillomavirus in archival FFPE samples of oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Yin Jian , Li Yufei , Song Cheng , Liu Yin , Zhao Jingjing , Zhao Dongmei , Zhang Shaokai , Zhang Xun , Zhao Fanghui , Qiao Youlin
Published: May 2024

Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that high‐risk human papillomaviruses (HR‐HPVs) are involved in the etiology of a subset of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). In this regard, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has recommended direct molecular HPV testing. So far, there is no agreement on the most appropriate method for HPV detection on OPSCC formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) materials. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the performance of the high‐sensitive SureX HPV assay in OPSCC FFPE tissues compared with LiPA‐25 and p16ink4a immunostaining. A retrospective series of FFPE primary OPSCC cases were diagnosed between 2008 and 2019 and provided by the Henan Cancer Hospital, China. The level of agreement of two assays was determined using Cohen's Kappa (κ) statistics. A total of 230 FFPE OPSCC samples from tumor resections (n = 160) and diagnostic biopsies (n = 70) were detected. Sixty‐six (28.7%) and 70 (30.4%) samples were identified as HPV‐DNA‐positive by LiPA‐25 and SureX, respectively, of which HPV16 was largely the most common type (95.5% vs 94.3%). We found a perfect concordance between LiPA‐25 and SureX for HPV‐DNA status (κ = 0.906, 95% CI: 0.875–0.937) and for HPV16 (κ = 0.925, 95% CI: 0.897–0.953). In addition, SureX and p16ink4a immunostaining had a perfect concordance (κ = 0.917, 95% CI: 0.888‐0.946). Moreover, the HPV‐driven fraction, based on double positivity for HPV‐DNA and p16ink4a, was similar between SureX (63 of 230, 27.4%) and LiPA‐25 (60 of 230, 26.1%). Similar results were found in samples from resections and biopsies. SureX and LiPA‐25 are comparable. SureX could be used for routine HPV‐DNA detection and genotyping on archival OPSCC FFPE tissues.
Effect of transglutaminase crosslinking combined with lactic fermentation on the potential allergenicity and conformational structure of soy protein
Authors: Xing Guangliang , Yang Siran , Huang Lu , Liu Sitong , Wan Xinyi
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Food allergies are a growing concern worldwide, with soy proteins being important allergens that are widely used in various food products. This study investigated the potential of transglutaminase (TGase) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) treatments to modify the allergenicity and structural properties of soy protein isolate (SPI), aiming to develop safer soy‐based food products.

RESULTS

Treatment with TGase, LAB or their combination significantly reduced the antibody reactivity of β‐conglycinin and the immunoglobulin E (IgE) binding capacity of soy protein, indicating a decrease in allergenicity. TGase treatment led to the formation of high‐molecular‐weight aggregates, suggesting protein crosslinking, while LAB treatment resulted in partial protein hydrolysis. These structural changes were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, which showed a decrease in β‐sheet content and an increase in random coil and β‐turn contents. In addition, changes in intrinsic fluorescence and ultraviolet spectroscopy were also observed. The alterations in protein interaction and the reduction in free sulfhydryl groups highlighted the extensive structural modifications induced by these treatments.

CONCLUSION

The synergistic application of TGase and LAB treatments effectively reduced the allergenicity of SPI through significant structural modifications. This approach not only diminished antibody reactivity of β‐conglycinin and IgE binding capacity of soy protein but also altered the protein's primary, secondary and tertiary structures, suggesting a comprehensive alteration of SPI's allergenic potential. These findings provide a promising strategy for mitigating food allergy concerns and lay the foundation for future research on food‐processing techniques aimed at allergen reduction. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Metabolomics analysis reveals characteristic metabolites in different levels of oxaliplatin‐induced neurotoxicity
Authors: Hua Yujiao , Wang Rong , Liu Yankui , Liu Quan , Qi Xiaowei , Ding Yongjuan , Lv Juan
Published: May 2024

Oxaliplatin (L‐OHP), a third‐generation platinum‐based anti‐tumor drug, finds widespread application in the first‐line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Despite its efficacy, the drug's usage is curtailed by a litany of side effects, with L‐OHP‐induced peripheral neuropathy (OIPN) being the most debilitating. This condition can be classified into varying degrees of severity. Employing serum metabolomics, a high‐sensitivity, high‐throughput technique, holds promise as a method to identify biomarkers for clinical assessment and monitoring of OIPN patients across different severity levels. In our study, we analyzed serum metabolites in patients with different OIPN levels using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐high resolution mass spectrometry. By employing statistical analyses and pathway enrichment studies, we aimed to identify potential biomarkers and metabolic pathways. Our findings characterized the serum metabolic profiles of patients with varying OIPN levels. Notably, pathway analysis revealed a significant correlation with lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and energy metabolism. Multivariate statistical analysis and receiver operator characteristic curve evaluation pointed to anhalamine and glycochenodeoxycholic acid as potential biomarkers for OIPN C and A, which suggest that serum metabolomics may serve as a potent tool for exploring the metabolic status of patients suffering from diverse diseases and for discovering novel biomarkers.
“Sweet space” strategy for solvent system selection in countercurrent chromatography: A case study on separation of polyunsaturated fatty acids from borage oil
Authors: Han Tian , Fu Zhuo , Yang Muyun , Cao Xueli
Published: May 2024

This study presents a comprehensive strategy for the selection and optimization of solvent systems in countercurrent chromatography (CCC) for the effective separation of compounds. With a focus on traditional organic solvent systems, the research introduces a “sweet space” strategy that merges intuitive understanding with mathematical accuracy, addressing the significant challenges in solvent system selection, a critical bottleneck in the widespread application of CCC. By employing a combination of volume ratios and graphical representations, including both regular and trirectangular tetrahedron models, the proposed approach facilitates a more inclusive and user‐friendly strategy for solvent system selection. This study demonstrates the potential of the proposed strategy through the successful separation of gamma‐linolenic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid from borage oil, highlighting the strategy's effectiveness and practical applicability in CCC separations.
Surgical factors play a critical role in predicting functional outcomes using machine learning in robotic‐assisted total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Lundgren Lisa Spahn , Willems Nathalie , Marchand Robert C. , Batailler Cécile , Lustig Sébastien
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Predictive models help determine predictive factors necessary to improve functional outcomes after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, no study has assessed predictive models for functional outcomes after TKA based on the new concepts of personalised surgery and new technologies. This study aimed to develop and evaluate predictive modelling approaches to predict the achievement of minimal clinically important difference (MCID) in patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) 1 year after TKA.

Methods

Four hundred thirty robotic‐assisted TKAs were analysed in this retrospective study. The mean age was 67.9 ± 7.9 years; the mean body mass index (BMI) was 32.0 ± 6.8 kg/m2. The following PROMs were collected preoperatively and 1‐year postoperatively: knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score for joint replacement, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) Function, WOMAC Pain. Demographic data, preoperative CT scan, implant size, implant position on the robotic system and characteristics of the joint replacement procedure were selected as predictive variables. Four machine learning algorithms were trained to predict the MCID status at 1‐year post‐TKA for each PROM survey. ‘No MCID’ was chosen as the target. Models were evaluated by class discrimination (F1‐score) and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC‐AUC).

Results

The best‐performing model was ridge logistic regression for WOMAC Function (area under the curve [AUC]  = 0.80, F1 = 0.48, sensitivity = 0.79, specificity = 0.62). Variables most strongly contributing to not achieving MCID status were preoperative PROMs, high BMI and femoral resection depth (posterior and distal), supporting functional positioning principles. Conversely, variables contributing to a positive outcome (achieving MCID) were medial/lateral alignment of the tibial component, whether the procedure was an outpatient surgery and whether the patient received managed Medicare insurance.

Conclusion

The most predictive variables included preoperative PROMs, BMI and surgical planning. The surgical predictive variables were valgus femoral alignment and femoral rotation, reflecting the benefits of personalised surgery. Including surgical variables in predictive models for functional outcomes after TKA should guide clinical and surgical decision‐making for every patient.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
Design and Construction of Furan‐Based and Thiophene‐Based Salicyladazine Bisbenzoxazine Resins with High Thermal Stability and Tunable Surface Properties
Authors: Kao Yang‐Chin , Mohamed Mohamed Gamal , Chiang Chia‐Husan , Kuo Shiao‐Wei
Published: May 2024

Two disubstituted bisbenzoxazine (Bz) monomers are synthesized using furan (Fa) and thiophene (Th) derivatives: bis((3‐(furan‐2‐ylmethyl)‐7‐ol‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐benzo[e][1,3] oxazin‐6‐yl)methylene)hydrazine (BAZ‐Fa‐BZ) and bis((3‐(thiophen‐2‐ylmethyl)‐7‐ol‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐benzo[e][1,3] oxazin‐6‐yl)methylene)hydrazine (BAZ‐Th‐BZ). These monomers are synthesized via Mannich condensation of salicylaldazine (1,2‐bis(2,4‐dihydroxybenzylidene)hydrazine (BAZ─4OH)) and paraformaldehyde (CH2O)n, with furfurylamine (FacNH2) and thiophene‐2‐methenamine (Th─NH2), respectively. The chemical structures of BAZ‐Fa‐BZ and BAZ‐Th‐BZ are affirmed using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and NMR, respectively. A thorough investigation of the thermal polymerization process of BAZ‐Fa‐BZ and BAZ‐Th‐BZ is conducted using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and in situ FTIR spectra (ranging from 25 to 250 °C). Poly(BAZ‐Fa‐BZ) exhibits superior thermal properties with a thermal decomposition temperature (Td10) of 402 °C and a char yield of 58 wt% after thermal treatment at 250 °C, along with a lower surface free energy of 28.9 mJ m−2 compared to poly(BAZ‐Th‐BZ) (Td10 = 359 °C, char yield = 48 wt%, and surface free energy = 34.1 mJ m−2). Additionally, poly(BAZ‐Th‐BZ/BAZ‐Fa‐BZ) blend with a ratio of 1/3 after thermal curing at 250 °C demonstrates the highest Td10 of 395 °C and a char yield of 60 wt%. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements conducted in the solid state reveal that BAZ‐Th‐BZ, BAZ‐Fa‐BZ, and their blends emit green light when excited at a wavelength of 365 nm.
Tweety homolog 3 promotes colorectal cancer progression through mutual regulation of histone deacetylase 7
Authors: Lu Pengyan , Deng Shumin , Liu Jiaxin , Xiao Qing , Zhou Zhengwei , Li Shuojie , Xin Jiaxuan , Shu Guang , Yi Bo , Yin Gang
Published: May 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading cancers worldwide, with metastasis being a major cause of high mortality rates among patients. In this study, dysregulated gene Tweety homolog 3 (TTYH3) was identified by Gene Expression Omnibus database. Public databases were used to predict potential competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) for TTYH3. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and immunohistochemistry were utilized to analyze TTYH3 and histone deacetylase 7 (HDAC7) levels. Luciferase assays confirmed miR‐1271‐5p directly targeting the 3′ untranslated regions of TTYH3 and HDAC7. In vitro experiments such as transwell and human umbilical vein endothelial cell tube formation, as well as in vivo mouse models, were conducted to assess the biological functions of TTYH3 and HDAC7. We discovered that upregulation of TTYH3 in CRC promotes cell migration by affecting the Epithelial–mesenchymal transition pathway, which was independent of its ion channel activity. Mechanistically, TTYH3 and HDAC7 functioned as ceRNAs, reciprocally regulating each other's expression. TTYH3 competes for binding miR‐1271‐5p, increasing HDAC7 expression, facilitating CRC metastasis and angiogenesis. This study reveals the critical role of TTYH3 in promoting CRC metastasis through ceRNA crosstalk, offering new insights into potential therapeutic targets for clinical intervention.
Anticipating Tomorrow: Tailoring Parkinson's Symptomatic Therapy Using Predictors of Outcome
Authors: Postuma Ronald B. , Weintraub Daniel , Simuni Tanya , Rodríguez‐Violante Mayela , Leentjens Albert F.G. , Hu Michele T. , Espay Alberto J. , Erro Roberto , Dujardin Kathy , Bohnen Nicolaas I. , Berg Daniela , Mestre Tiago A. , Marras Connie
Published: May 2024

Background

Although research into Parkinson's disease (PD) subtypes and outcome predictions has continued to advance, recommendations for using outcome prediction to guide current treatment decisions remain sparse.

Objectives

To provide expert opinion‐based recommendations for individually tailored PD symptomatic treatment based on knowledge of risk prediction and subtypes.

Methods

Using a modified Delphi approach, members of the Movement Disorders Society (MDS) Task Force on PD subtypes generated a series of general recommendations around the question: “Using what you know about genetic/biological/clinical subtypes (or any individual‐level predictors of outcome), what advice would you give for selecting symptomatic treatments for an individual patient now, based on what their subtype or individual characteristics predict about their future disease course?” After four iterations and revisions, those recommendations with over 75% endorsement were adopted.

Results

A total of 19 recommendations were endorsed by a group of 13 panelists. The recommendations primarily centered around two themes: (1) incorporating future risk of cognitive impairment into current treatment plans; and (2) identifying future symptom clusters that might be forestalled with a single medication.

Conclusions

These recommendations provide clinicians with a framework for integrating future outcomes into patient‐specific treatment choices. They are not prescriptive guidelines, but adaptable suggestions, which should be tailored to each individual. They are to be considered as a first step of a process that will continue to evolve as additional stakeholders provide new insights and as new information becomes available. As individualized risk prediction advances, the path to better tailored treatment regimens will become clearer.
Abnormal Cerebrovascular Activity, Perfusion, and Glymphatic Clearance in Lewy Body Diseases
Authors: Ryman Sephira G. , Vakhtin Andrei A. , Mayer Andrew R. , van der Horn Harm Jan , Shaff Nicholas A. , Nitschke Stephanie R. , Julio Kayla R. , Tarawneh Rawan M. , Rosenberg Gary A. , Diaz Shanna V. , Pirio Richardson Sarah E. , Lin Henry C.
Published: May 2024

Cerebrovascular activity is not only crucial to optimal cerebral perfusion, but also plays an important role in the glymphatic clearance of interstitial waste, including α‐synuclein. This highlights a need to evaluate how cerebrovascular activity is altered in Lewy body diseases. This review begins by discussing how vascular risk factors and cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction may serve as upstream or direct influences on cerebrovascular activity. We then discuss how patients with Lewy body disease exhibit reduced and delayed cerebrovascular activity, hypoperfusion, and reductions in measures used to capture cerebrospinal fluid flow, suggestive of a reduced capacity for glymphatic clearance. Given the lack of an existing framework, we propose a model by which these processes may foster α‐synuclein aggregation and neuroinflammation. Importantly, this review highlights several avenues for future research that may lead to treatments early in the disease course, prior to neurodegeneration. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Extending the hyper‐logistic model to the random setting: New theoretical results with real‐world applications
Authors: Cortés Juan Carlos , Navarro‐Quiles Ana , Sferle Sorina Madalina
Published: May 2024

We develop a full randomization of the classical hyper‐logistic growth model by obtaining closed‐form expressions for relevant quantities of interest, such as the first probability density function of its solution, the time until a given fixed population is reached, and the population at the inflection point. These results are obtained under very general hypotheses on the distributions of the random model parameters by taking extensive advantage of the so‐called random variable transformation method. To illustrate the practical implications of our findings, we apply them to model the growth of multicellular tumor spheroids using empirical data. In this context, we explore two methodologies—the Bayesian approach and the random least mean square method—aimed at effectively addressing the challenge of assigning appropriate distributions to model parameters. This ensures that probabilistic fits accurately capture the inherent uncertainties of tumor growth dynamics. Finally, we notably show that the results obtained using both approaches in the randomized hyper‐logistic model align closely with each other, surpassing those yielded by the randomized logistic model.
Tricuspid valve flow measurement using a deep learning framework for automated valve‐tracking 2D phase contrast
Authors: Lamy Jérôme , Gonzales Ricardo A. , Xiang Jie , Seemann Felicia , Huber Steffen , Steele Jeremy , Wieben Oliver , Heiberg Einar , Peters Dana C.
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Tricuspid valve flow velocities are challenging to measure with cardiovascular MR, as the rapidly moving valvular plane prohibits direct flow evaluation, but they are vitally important to diastolic function evaluation. We developed an automated valve‐tracking 2D method for measuring flow through the dynamic tricuspid valve.

Methods

Nine healthy subjects and 2 patients were imaged. The approach uses a previously trained deep learning network, TVnet, to automatically track the tricuspid valve plane from long‐axis cine images. Subsequently, the tracking information is used to acquire 2D phase contrast (PC) with a dynamic (moving) acquisition plane that tracks the valve. Direct diastolic net flows evaluated from the dynamic PC sequence were compared with flows from 2D‐PC scans acquired in a static slice localized at the end‐systolic valve position, and also ventricular stroke volumes (SVs) using both planimetry and 2D PC of the great vessels.

Results

The mean tricuspid valve systolic excursion was 17.8 ± 2.5 mm. The 2D valve‐tracking PC net diastolic flow showed excellent correlation with SV by right‐ventricle planimetry (bias ± 1.96 SD = −0.2 ± 10.4 mL, intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.92) and aortic PC (−1.0 ± 13.8 mL, ICC = 0.87). In comparison, static tricuspid valve 2D PC also showed a strong correlation but had greater bias (p = 0.01) versus the right‐ventricle SV (10.6 ± 16.1 mL, ICC = 0.61). In most (8 of 9) healthy subjects, trace regurgitation was measured at begin‐systole. In one patient, valve‐tracking PC displayed a high‐velocity jet (380 cm/s) with maximal velocity agreeing with echocardiography.

Conclusion

Automated valve‐tracking 2D PC is a feasible route toward evaluation of tricuspid regurgitant velocities, potentially solving a major clinical challenge.
Bilanz Freudenberg 2023: Abdichten, filtern und wischen
Authors: Bulmahn Maren
Published: May 2024

Im Jahr seines 175‐jährigen Jubiläums hat Freudenberg erneut den Umsatz erhöht. Die Gruppe fertigt unter anderem Brennstoffzellentechnik, Reinigungsprodukte, Automobilteile, technische Textilien und Baustoffe.
Bilanzen 2023: Weniger produziert und eingenommen
Authors: Bulmahn Maren
Published: May 2024

Branchenübergreifend sind die wenigsten Chemieunternehmen zufrieden mit dem Jahr 2023. Viele sind aber zuversichtlich, dass das laufende Jahr besser wird. Hürden sind oft zu hohe Energiekosten, zu viel Bürokratie und die allgemeine Wirtschaftslage.
Bilanz Clariant 2023: Katalysatoren und Kunststoffe
Authors: Bulmahn Maren
Published: May 2024

Das Schweizer Spezialchemieunternehmen Clariant hat die Geschäftseinheiten neu organisiert: Nun gibt es fünf statt drei. Zwei davon haben wie der gesamte Konzern im Jahr 2023 weniger umgesetzt als zuvor.
Abderhalden oder Trockenpistole?
Authors: Täuscher Eric
Published: May 2024

Wie nennen Sie das links gezeigte Laborgerät? An der TU Ilmenau wollten Studenten kürzlich einen „Abderhalden“ in der Glasgeräteausgabe leihen. Gemeint war etwas, das als Trockenpistole bekannt ist. Wieso gibt es zwei so unterschiedliche Begriffe für das gleiche Instrument?
A robust optimization framework for two‐echelon vehicle and UAV routing for post‐disaster humanitarian logistics operations
Authors: Faiz Tasnim Ibn , Vogiatzis Chrysafis , Liu Jiongbai , Noor‐E‐Alam Md.
Published: May 2024

Providing first aid and other supplies (e.g., epi‐pens, medical supplies, dry food, water) during and after a disaster is always challenging. The complexity of these operations increases when the transportation, power, and communications networks fail, leaving people stranded and unable to communicate their locations and needs. The advent of emerging technologies like uncrewed autonomous vehicles can help humanitarian logistics providers reach otherwise stranded populations after transportation network failures. However, due to the failures in telecommunication infrastructure, demand for emergency aid can become uncertain. To address the challenges of delivering emergency aid to trapped populations with failing infrastructure networks, we propose a novel robust computational framework for a two‐echelon vehicle routing problem that uses uncrewed autonomous vehicles (UAVs), or drones, for the deliveries. We formulate the problem as a two‐stage robust optimization model to handle demand uncertainty. Then, we propose a column‐and‐constraint generation approach for worst‐case demand scenario generation for a given set of truck and UAV routes. Moreover, we develop a decomposition scheme inspired by the column generation approach to generate UAV routes for a set of demand scenarios heuristically. Finally, we combine the decomposition scheme within the column‐and‐constraint generation approach to determine robust routes for both trucks (first echelon vehicles) and UAVs (second echelon vehicles), the time that affected communities are served, and the quantities of aid materials delivered. To validate our proposed algorithms, we use a simulated dataset that aims to recreate emergency aid requests in different areas of Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria in 2017.
A flux‐based HDG method
Authors: Oikawa Issei
Published: May 2024

In this article, we present a flux‐based formulation of the hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) method for steady‐state diffusion problems and propose a new method derived by letting a stabilization parameter tend to infinity. Assuming an inf‐sup condition, we prove its well‐posedness and error estimates of optimal order. We show that the inf‐sup condition is satisfied by some triangular elements. Numerical results are also provided to support our theoretical results.
Scratch resistance of glass‐basalt fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites: A comparative study
Authors: Fidan Sinan , Özsoy Mehmet İskender , Ürgün Satılmış , Bora Mustafa Özgür
Published: May 2024

This research explores the scratch resistance of polymer composites reinforced with hybrid glass and basalt fibers under repeated loadings. By examining the behavior across 1–10 repetitions using Rockwell and Vickers indenters, the study delves into the complex interplay between composite matrices and the fibers' configurations. Through Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) imaging and 3D profilometry, it reveals how different fibers influence the composite's surface post‐scratch tests. Basalt fibers are found to offer superior scratch protection over glass fibers, although both types' of effectiveness declines with increased loading cycles, showing significant material loss and surface damage respectively. Composites with these fibers display enhanced resistance, especially when basalt fibers are optimally positioned on the surface. The study underscores the critical role of fiber‐matrix bonding in scratch resistance and the significant impact of mechanical stress. It was found that the scratch hardness values reduced with more repeats in the scratch tests utilizing Vickers and Rockwell indenters. The sample with the label G4B6G4 has the greatest hardness values, which is noteworthy. After 10 repeats, the scratch hardness values for this sample reduced to 225 N/mm2 and 75 N/mm2, respectively, from roughly 340 N/mm2 and 225 N/mm2 at both ends for a single repetition. In addition, ANOVA for penetration depth is dominated (66.01%) by the repetition factor. The most common kind is indenter (42.79%), with low p‐values. Despite material and indenter effects, groove area study confirms the significance of repetition (65.72%).

Highlights

Basalt fibers enhance scratch resistance more than glass fibers.

Increased scratch repetitions lead to fiber breakage and material loss.

Hybrid fiber layers distribute load and minimize surface damage.

Strong fiber‐matrix adhesion is crucial for reducing damage severity.

Research informs the design of durable, fiber‐reinforced composites.
Pediatric Pulmonology 2023 year in review: Rare and diffuse lung disease
Authors: Hinds Daniel M. , Nevel Rebekah J. , Liptzin Deborah R. , Barber Andrew T.
Published: May 2024

The field of pediatric rare and diffuse lung disease continues its maturation as research advances the understanding of diagnosis and treatment of children's interstitial lung disease, noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, and primary ciliary dyskinesia. The rarity and breadth of these conditions make them challenging to study, yet we continue to make progress in our understanding of pathophysiology, genotype/phenotype relationships, and treatment. Papers published on these topics in Pediatric Pulmonology and other journals in 2023 describe the power of multicenter cooperation and patient registries, enhance our understanding of pathophysiology and genotype/phenotype relationships, and report progress in treatments. In this review, we hope to increase awareness and knowledge of these conditions and to inspire future research.
A COVID‐19 case report with low ACT(activated clotting time) and high serum D‐dimer level: Antithrombin III deficiency?
Authors: Şahin Tutak Ayşe
Published: May 2024

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by the virus named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), is a global public health problem in which atypical findings other than the usual fever and respiratory symptoms render early diagnosis and treatment difficult. Cases with atypical clinical and laboratory presentations continue to pose a challenge in the treatment and control of the disease. This case report aims to share our follow‐up and treatment experience in a patient considered to have antithrombin III (ATIII) deficiency based on activated clotting time (ACT) levels unresponsive to heparin who was admitted to intensive care unit due to COVID‐19‐induced cytokine storm associated with extreme D‐dimer elevation (>65,000 μg/L).
Verification of the utility of the gonadotropin starting dose calculator in progestin‐primed ovarian stimulation: A comparison of empirical and calculated controlled ovarian stimulation
Authors: Kobanawa Masato , Yoshida Jouji
Published: May 2024

Purpose

To validate the effectiveness of a gonadotropin starting dose calculator for progestin‐primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS), we conducted a study comparing the outcomes of oocyte retrieval between a group assigned gonadotropin doses via the calculator and a control group, where doses were determined by the clinician's empirical judgment.

Methods

Patients underwent controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) using the PPOS method, followed by oocyte retrieval. We assessed and compared the results of COS and oocyte retrieval in both groups. Additionally, we examined the concordance rate between the number of oocytes actually retrieved and the target number of oocytes in each group.

Results

The calculated group demonstrated a significantly higher number of preovulation follicles and a higher ovarian sensitivity index than the control group. Furthermore, the discrepancy between the target and actual number of oocytes retrieved was notably smaller in the calculated group. The concordance rate between the target and actual number of oocytes was significantly greater in the calculated group.

Conclusions

The gonadotropin starting dose calculator proved to be effective within the PPOS protocol, offering a reliable method for predicting the approximate number of oocytes to be retrieved, irrespective of the COS protocol employed.
ℒ2 gain tracking control of linear completely unknown discrete‐time networked control systems with dropout
Authors: Huang Deng , Xiao Feng , Feng Qian , Zhang Cong
Published: May 2024

We introduce an online, model‐free algorithm to address the gain optimal tracking problems in discrete linear networked control systems. The algorithm is specifically proposed to handle stochastic information dropout in the feedback loop. Our goal is to design a control law that achieves the system output reference tracking while attenuating the effect of the disturbance input. We first construct an augmented system consisting of the original system and the command generator system. Then, the performance index is expressed in a quadratic form taking into account packet loss. Next, we obtain the optimal solution by solving the dropout generalized algebraic riccati equation (GARE). Finally, a ‐learning algorithm is utilized to estimate the control and disturbance feedback gains of the system, using only measurement data with unknown system dynamics in the presence of dropout. Two algorithms are tested on a numerical example to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
Asynchronous control of switched Lurie systems with dwell time
Authors: Zhao Wenxiu , Sun Yuangong
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we study the absolute stability and control problem for switched Lurie system (SLS) under asynchronous switching. A novel Lyapunov‐Lurie function is constructed, which is discontinuous and allowed to increase at the switching instants and the instants when controller modes and system modes are matched. Considering the superiority of time‐varying Lyapunov function technique, this paper is concerned with the Lyapunov‐Lurie function with time‐varying characteristic. Then, based on the switched time‐varying Lyapunov‐Lurie function (STVLLF) and mode‐dependent minimum dwell time (MDMDT) method, some control synthesis conditions are derived. The developed controller can guarantee the absolute stability and ‐gain performance for the closed‐loop SLS with admissible switching lag. Subsequently, a time‐varying control scheme is proposed from the STVLLF. control synthesis conditions in terms of linear matrix inequalities are established, which improve the existing results. Finally, two numerical examples are considered to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
Fractional accumulative calibration‐free odds (f‐aCFO) design for delayed toxicity in phase I clinical trials
Authors: Fang Jialu , Yin Guosheng
Published: May 2024

The calibration‐free odds (CFO) design has been demonstrated to be robust, model‐free, and practically useful but faces challenges when dealing with late‐onset toxicity. The emergence of the time‐to‐event (TITE) method and fractional method leads to the development of TITE‐CFO and fractional CFO (fCFO) designs to accumulate delayed toxicity. Nevertheless, existing CFO‐type designs have untapped potential because they primarily consider dose information from the current position and its two neighboring positions. To incorporate information from all doses, we propose the accumulative CFO (aCFO) design by utilizing data at all dose levels similar to a tug‐of‐war game where players distant from the center also contribute their strength. This approach enhances full information utilization while still preserving the model‐free and calibration‐free characteristics. Extensive simulation studies demonstrate performance improvement over the original CFO design, emphasizing the advantages of incorporating information from a broader range of dose levels. Furthermore, we propose to incorporate late‐onset outcomes into the TITE‐aCFO and f‐aCFO designs, with f‐aCFO displaying superior performance over existing methods in both fixed and random simulation scenarios. In conclusion, the aCFO and f‐aCFO designs can be considered robust, efficient, and user‐friendly approaches for conducting phase I trials without or with late‐onsite toxicity.