bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of heat treatment on the structure and mechanical properties of the semi-finished products from NbTa(Zr,Hf,Y) alloy for the manufacture of Nb3Sn superconductors
Authors:   JSC «Advanced Research Institute of Inorganic Materials named after Academician A. A. Bochvar», (JSC VNIINM),123098, Moscow, Russia, Soboleva T.Y. , Konovalova N.V. ,   JSC «Advanced Research Institute of Inorganic Materials named after Academician A. A. Bochvar», (JSC VNIINM),123098, Moscow, Russia, Abdyukhanov I. M. ,   JSC «Advanced Research Institute of Inorganic Materials named after Academician A. A. Bochvar», (JSC VNIINM),123098, Moscow, Russia, Tsapleva A.S. ,   JSC «Advanced Research Institute of Inorganic Materials named after Academician A. A. Bochvar», (JSC VNIINM),123098, Moscow, Russia, Kravtsova M.V. ,   JSC «Advanced Research Institute of Inorganic Materials named after Academician A. A. Bochvar», (JSC VNIINM),123098, Moscow, Russia, Alekseev M.V. ,   JSC «Advanced Research Institute of Inorganic Materials named after Academician A. A. Bochvar», (JSC VNIINM),123098, Moscow, Russia
Published: August 2024

The influence of the degree of deformation and annealing on the mechanical properties of Nb-based alloy samples of different compositions: Nb-Ta-Zr, Nb-Ta-Hf, Nb-Ta-Zr-Y used in the manufacture of Nb3Sn superconductors is studied. The deformability of Nb-based alloys in the composition of single-fiber composite Nb3Sn superconductors, which were manufactured using the technology of an internal tin source and the «powder – in – tube» method, has been studied. It is shown that the values of the time resistance of samples with a sheath made of Nb alloys 7.5 wt.% Ta–0.5 wt.% Zr and Nb–7.5 wt.% Ta–1 wt. % Zr are at the same level of ~ 650 MPa, and the elongation values are ~ 2%. The structural features of the fracture surface of Nb-based alloy samples with varying degrees of accumulated deformation and single-fiber conductors have been studied. The results of the work will be used in the development of technological modes for manufacturing Nb3Sn-based superconductors.
Utilization of Islamic Financial Instruments for Poverty Reduction and Sustainable Households in Nigeria
Authors: Amuda Yusuff Jelili , Elshaarawy Sanaa
Published: August 2024

Predominant poverty has affected many households in Nigeria and little focus of attention is given to the utilization of Islamic financial instruments in addressing the challenges of poverty and sustainable household in the country. The study attempts to fill the gap in the existing literature concerning the utilization of Islamic financial instruments for poverty reduction and sustainable households in the country. Qualitative research method with an emphasis on critical content analysis was utilized. Materials or different sources were used whereby journals, online peer review, and library sources were considered for in-depth analysis of Islamic financial instruments for poverty reduction and sustainable households in attaining vision 2030 in the country. Adequate implementations of various Islamic financial instruments that would create room for inclusion through which low-income families or families in poverty would experience sustainable standard of living through an efficient Islamic financial instrument for their empowerment. Hence, it will expand the scope and understanding of Islamic financial instruments in the context of Nigeria. In so doing, there would be basis for restructuring the economic conditions of households experiencing an abject poverty by ensuring that their living conditions are improved for better. An emphasis on the judicious utilization of Islamic financial instruments especially towards sustainable households in the country is an integral part of expanding the understanding about the efficiency of Islamic financial instruments in the society.  Central bank of Nigeria has issued a drafted framework for application of Islamic financial instruments and operation of Islamic banking system and less attention is given to the application of Islamic financial instruments in the country. This paper therefore has tried to provide explanation for the application of utilizing Islamic financial instruments for poverty reduction and sustainable households in the country.
How Do EFL University Teachers Regulate Their Negative Emotions While Teaching in the Classroom? Stories From Vietnam
Authors: Thùy Ngô Thị Cẩm , Hương Lê Phạm Hoài
Published: August 2024

Research in the area of EFL teachers’ emotion regulation in the classrooms is notably underdeveloped (Li, 2023). In fact, Namaziandost et al. (2022) called for studies to find out why and how teachers make use of certain emotions in their classrooms and regulate their negative emotions that occur during their lessons. The current phenomenological study responds to these calls on the topic to explore the layers of meanings and experiences of emotions while teaching of EFL university teachers in Vietnam. Their classroom teaching was video recorded to select incidents in which their emotions were captured. They then were involved in stimulated recall interviews and writing journals for reflections and explanations why they expressed and regulated  their emotions in those incidents. The findings indicate that the teachers’ unpleasant emotions were mainly evoked by students’ behaviours in the classrooms, including their discipline matters, lack of engagement in the lessons, and failure to give correct answers to the teachers’ questions. To handle  emotions of irritation and disappointment, the teachers applied the strategy to adjust their attention and manipulated the reappraisal strategy to eliminate their negative emotions by immersing into an alternative teaching activity or context for refreshment. Implications from these findings are provided for EFL teachers to reduce negative emotions for better moods in teaching English.
Caste Transformation, Intracultural Communication, and Social Structure Dynamics in Kei Society, Southeast Maluku-Indonesia
Authors: Rumra Mohammad Yamin
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the system of social stratification and intracultural communication in the Kei people of Southeast Maluku, Indonesia, which is based on centuries-old caste traditions. Kei society is divided into three main classes: mel-mel (nobles), ren-ren (middle class), and iri-ri (lower class), each of which has roles and rights governed by local customary law, Larwul Ngabal. This caste system has created a recognized social balance despite certain dominance and hegemony. This research uses an ethnographic approach with a focus on direct observation, in-depth interviews, and document analysis to explore how stereotypes and social stratification are maintained through intracultural communication. The findings show that Kei people use language and cultural symbols to reinforce their caste position, while modernization and electoral politics open space for changes in social dynamics. The results of this study provide insights into how local communities adapt to modernization and democratization while maintaining traditional cultural structures. The implications of this study underscore the importance of understanding the dynamics of intracultural communication in the context of social stratification to maintain social order and promote inclusiveness in the social development of Kei society.
Building an Optimal Persistence Model for Novice Arab Minority Teachers by Emotional, School-Organizational and Educational Factors
Authors: Zubeidat Ihab , Dallasheh Waleed
Published: August 2024

The present study aimed to examine the persistence difficulties of novice teachers from Arab society in relation to various socio-emotional, school-organizational, and educational factors. Another aim of the study was to suggest an appropriate persistence model adapted to novice Arab teachers from Israel. To this end, 319 Israeli novice teachers from Arab society filled out questionnaires on demographics, resilience, organizational commitment, management style, inclusive school, and self-efficacy. The findings indicated significant differences among three levels of persistence difficulty groups in resilience, management style, school inclusion, and self-efficacy. Further post-hoc analysis using Scheffé's test identified significant differences between specific pairs of groups. Additionally, significant negative relationships were found between novice teachers' persistence difficulties and their organizational commitment at school, school inclusion, and self-efficacy. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that self-efficacy, school inclusion, resilience, and organizational commitment explained 19.8% of the variance in novice teachers' persistence difficulties. In conclusion, a targeted support program addressing the unique socio-emotional, school-organizational, and educational training challenges faced by novice Arab teachers in Israel is essential for enhancing their persistence and professional success. Implementing comprehensive and inclusive strategies will not only improve teacher retention but also contribute to a more equitable and effective education system.
Proverbs Translation Techniques from English into Arabic among Jordanian University Students
Authors: HMAIDAN MARVET ABED AHMAD
Published: August 2024

Proverbs are essential component of everyday language, and they offer a fascinating insight into cultures. They are short sayings of public wisdom with cultural origin and figurative meanings, known by native speakers and used in specific situations. The reason behind the importance of translating proverbs precisely is that they are an effective and powerful instrument for the transmission of culture, social morality, manners, traditional wisdoms, historical incidents, and thoughts of people from one generation to another. The main difficulty in translating proverbs lies in their metaphorical nature, as they are culture-bound expressions and carry an implicit meaning that goes beyond the literal meaning. This study aims to investigate the translation techniques used by the students of translation at Jordanians universities in translating English proverbs into Arabic. The study is qualitative by nature, but a quantitative analysis was carried out to calculate the frequencies of the employed techniques. In this case study, forty students were engaged as participants using a purposive sampling method. They were given a translation test to recognize the employed techniques in translating 10 proverbs. The analysis revealed that the used techniques in order were using a proverb of similar meaning but different form, using a proverb of similar meaning and form, and translation by paraphrase came in the last position. The study is significant in raising the students’ awareness of the best techniques in translating proverbs for future translation works. The study has implications on translators to give emphasis on the language and cultural perspectives in translating culture-bound expressions to achieve successful communication between cultures.
Exploring Work-Related Stress among Indonesian Primary School Teachers: A Study in the Post-Covid-19 Era
Authors: Agung Anak Agung Gede , Gading I Ketut , Agetania Ni Luh Putu , Prawira Anak Agung Gede Oka Ananta , Deng Jian-Bang , Werang Basilius Redan
Published: August 2024

Teachers' well-being is closely linked to their ability to teach effectively. Stress can impact their teaching performance, which in turn affects student learning outcomes. This study aimed to explore the work-related stress of primary school teachers in Bali Province, Indonesia. To address this objective comprehensively, we utilized a mixed research approach, combining both quantitative and qualitative research approaches. Quantitative data were collected by distributing a questionnaire of 10 items, while qualitative data were obtained through interviews with some of the surveyed teachers. Obtained quantifiable data were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis techniques, while quantitative data were subjected to descriptive qualitative analysis techniques. The results from both the descriptive statistical and qualitative analyses revealed a significantly high level of work-related stress among primary school teachers in Bali Province, Indonesia. The high levels of reported stress underline the critical need for educational policymakers to create and implement solutions for lowering teacher stress. This could entail modifying administrative requirements, providing support resources, and generating more manageable workloads.
An Empirical Study of the Influence of Psychodynamics Group Therapy on Students’ Learned Resourcefulness in Chinese Vocational Colleges: Systematic Review
Authors: Yi Tie , Bono Suzanna Awang
Published: August 2024

The Chinese society values education due to its observation of Confucianism which highlights the value of education to the entire Chinese society. Per the cultural perspectives, education has been popularized in China. The government accord importance to education due to its importance in promoting socio-economic performance in the region. Despite the importance of education in China, vocational students face challenges with the rate of learned resourcefulness. These students have limited access to educational resources and also face mental challenges. Learned resourcefulness concerns one’s ability to use internal factors such as emotions to regulate their response to external stressors to enhance quality of education and other factors in life. Psychodynamic therapy, which aids in the regulation of cognitive traits, can significantly impact students' resourcefulness, helping them better navigate their educational and personal challenges.
Trees in Lao Myths and Beliefs: Roles and Symbolic Ecological Meanings through the Aspects of Folklore
Authors: Bouphapanya Souliya , Hongsuwan Pathom
Published: August 2024

This paper aims to analyze the roles and symbolic ecological significance of tree motifs as depicted in Lao myths and beliefs, derived from both literary and oral traditions. The study applies the concept of roles and symbolic ecological meanings within a folkloric framework for its analysis and interpretation. The findings indicate that tree motifs in Lao myths and beliefs encompass four primary roles and symbolic ecological meanings: first, as representations of the universe and life; second, as symbols of humanity and the supernatural; third, as embodiments of fertility and prosperity; and fourth, as representations of the Buddha and the principles of Buddhist teachings. We argue that the roles and symbolic ecological meanings of trees are intricately connected to the social and cultural dimensions in both profane and sacred senses, reflecting the thought systems of the people. This connection illustrates the worldview, values, and social ideology of Laos in a compelling manner.
The Potential of the Socio-Demographic Profile of the Visitor in the Museum's Product Strategy
Authors: LUKÁČ Michal , CAGÁŇOVÁ Dagmar , MATUŠÍKOVÁ Daniela , GANOBČÍK Ján , LITOMERICKÝ Ing. Juraj
Published: August 2024

One of the types of cultural sector institutions with a solid potential to use modern management methods are organisations dealing with cultural heritage management, such as castle museums. Today, however, these cathedrals of cultural tourism have to face the pressures of economic and social change to build public authority and recognition, but most importantly, to create interest and an attractive offer for their existing audiences and a hitherto unreached public. The present article aims to develop a systematic review of empirical experiences in the socio-demographic profile of visitors to selected castle museums, to identify untapped potential in the segmentation of museum audiences and to derive propositions for individual solutions aimed at increasing the attendance of selected castle museums. We used a triplet of separated Chi-square tests for each period to identify the socio-demographic profile. Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) was used to test for differences in ordinal variables (age and education of visitors). In addition to the individual results for each single museum partially, we can identify through the most frequent, most represented and periodically repeated responses the typical visitor profile of the Castle Castle Museums as follows: female, 31 – 45 years old, secondary education with a high school diploma, working as an executive secondary educated professional employee. Such findings could be helpful in the future when creating so-called tailor-made products for the visitor.
Long-term trends and probability distribution functions of air pollutant concentrations in the megacity of São Paulo
Authors: Dário Matheus Soares , Novais Denise Gomes , Pauliquevis Theotônio , Rizzo Luciana Varanda
Published: August 2024

Air quality conditions in many urban areas have improved in the last decades as a consequence of air pollution control policies and regulations. Mitigation strategies have been successful in reducing the concentration of primary pollutants like inhalable particulate matter (PM10), but the control of secondary pollutants like tropospheric ozone (O3) is still challenging in megacities like the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP) in Brazil. To support the development of effective mitigation strategies, it is crucial to characterize the statistical behavior of air pollutant concentrations and its long-term evolution. Probability Density Functions (PDF) can be useful to model site-specific air quality conditions, providing estimates for the frequency of extreme pollution events and exceedance of air quality standards. The current study aims to characterize which PDF model better fits and characterizes the variability of PM10 and O3 concentrations in the MASP. For that, daily maximum moving average concentrations were analyzed between 2000 and 2023, characterizing the long-term trends and the frequency of exceedance of air quality standards. PM10 concentrations followed a lognormal PDF, with an expected value of 31 ± 15 µg.m-3. O3 followed a Gamma PDF, with an expected value of 68 ± 25 µg.m-3. A consistent long-term decrease was observed for PM10 (-1.04 ± 0.09 µg.m-3.yr-1), while O3 showed an increasing trend of 0.51 ± 0.04 µg.m-3.yr-1 in the summer. In recent years (2021-2023), the probability of exceedance of the World Health Organization guideline was 17.4 and 11.0%, respectively, for PM10 and O3. In 2020, a statistically significant increase in O3 expected values was observed, possibly associated with changes in the emission patterns of precursors due to the mobility restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Marginal imprints: Provincial print culture and the politics of Thai literary history during the Cold War
Authors: Polmuk Chairat
Published: August 2024

This article considers the significance of provincial print culture in challenging and expanding Thai literary history. Focusing on Siritham Publishing House in Northeast Thailand or Isan as a case study, the article examines how provincial print culture shaped the contested landscape of literary production and reception during the Cold War, when the category of regional literature emerged under the pretext of national integration. Drawing on the framework of publishing studies as well as existing scholarship on print culture in Thailand, it is argued that the literary corpus of Siritham’s publisher, Preecha Phinthong, helps shift scholarly attention away from a conventional literary history that tends to focus on the Bangkok-centric notion of Thainess. Instead, it encourages a more nuanced exploration of the processes of literary standardization and canon formation. Together with a historical examination of Siritham’s establishment, a close analysis of paratextual components of Preecha Phinthong’s publications and unpublished manuscripts challenges the rigid understanding of Isan regional identity in academic discourse and state policy during the Cold War. Specifically, the articulation of regional literary identity in Preecha Phinthong’s archive often involves a transnational relationship between Thailand and Laos that extends beyond the confines of Thai nationalism. Moreover, these paratexts constitute a space through which provincial publishers create their own interpretive frameworks for assessing the historical, linguistic, and aesthetic significance of regional literature, complicating the academic discourse of literary standardization. In addition to this counter-hegemonic vision, provincial print culture offers a more dynamic understanding of regional literature. The emergence of Siritham Publishing House coincided with the rise of Lao nationalism, during which the popularization of Lao literature via print technology traversed the Mekong River. In this context, Isan literary history can be viewed as the result of the interplay between Thai and Lao nationalism, characterized by contestation, negotiation, and mutual construction.
KNOWLEDGE, RISK PERCEPTION AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS TOWARDS OBSTETRIC DANGER SIGNS AMONG MOTHERS IN DEBRE BERHAN TOWN, NORTH SHOA, ETHIOPIA
Authors: Negese Berhanu , Hailemeske Solomon , Wassihun Biresaw
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBACkGROUND: Child birth is also known as labour and delivery. It is an exciting time in the life of a family. Occasionally a pregnant woman may experience signs and symptoms which pointer danger. Danger signs are those signs that a woman will see, or those symptoms that she will feel which indicate that something is going wrong. METHODS: A community based cross sectional study design was conducted on a sample of 405 mothers from April 1- April 30/2017. Study participant were selected using simple random sampling by allocating proportion to population size for each selected kebeles. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data were coded and entered into Epi data version 3.1 and the analysis was carried out in a statistical package for social science versions 22. Descriptive statistics for each variable and binary logistic regression analysis with 95 % CI was carried out. RESULT: A total of 405 respondents were participated with a response rate of 97.3%. Out of which 50.6% have good knowledge about obstetric danger signs. Educational status [AOR=7.26, 95%CI (1.21943.247), number of ANC visits [AOR=2.912, 95%CI (1.27-6.681)] and information on danger signs [AOR=2.366, 95%CI (1.089-5.139)] were found to be significantly associated with knowledge of obstetric danger signs. Twenty-eight-point six percent of respondents had good perception towards obstetric danger signs. Occupation [AOR=3.711, 95%CI (1.256-10.699)], number of ANC visit [AOR=4.575, 95%CI (1.439-14.543)] and information about danger signs [AOR=4.204, 95%CI (1.243-14.223)] were found to be significantly associated with perception towards obstetric danger signs.CONCLUSION: This study showed low level of Knowledge and perception towards obstetric danger signs. Occupation, educational status, number of ANC visits and information on danger signs were significantly associated with knowledge and/or perception. It is recommended that mothers should have at least four antenatal visits and more educational program about obstetric danger signs needs to be implemented to increase knowledge and risk perception. kEY WORDS: Danger signs, Knowledge, Risk perception, Ethiopia (Ethiopian Journal of Reproductive Health; 2019; 11;1:29-41)
A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY OF THE REFERRAL STATUS OF EMERGENCY OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGICAL PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY HOSPITAL OF NORTHWEST ETHIOPIA
Authors: Essa Ahmed Amdihun , Ahmed Dawud Muhammed
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBACkGROUND: Referral is an important component of the hierarchical health care delivery system to ensure that all people receive appropriate care. Weak referral system is identified to be a major reason for the unacceptably high maternal mortality and morbidity in Ethiopia. However, there is limited information on the details of referral system in Ethiopia particularly in emergency obstetrics and gynecological patients.OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to assess the status of referral compliance and referral components of emergency obstetrics and gynecological patients METHODS: A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted by reviewing the referral letters and patients’ charts of 426 emergency obstetric patients referred to Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital from January 1 to February 30, 2017 G.C.RESULT: The standard referral letter was used only in 28.2% of the cases. More than two- third (70%) of the referrals were directly from primary health care units to tertiary hospital. The major reason (81.28%) for referral was for better investigation and/or management. Time of referral was included in only 5.2%, priority of the referral in 33.09%, vital signs in 38.7%, basic investigations in 43.2%, and the pre-referral managements in 47.7%. The most neglected component in this study was feedback written for only one case (0.23%).CONCLUSION: This study showed a high rate of noncompliance; disparity in the components of referral letter and high rate of missing of the vital components of the referral letters. Improving the weak referral system as identified in this study can have strong impact to strengthen the existing hierarchical health care delivery system. This can strongly contribute to advance the delivery of appropriate health care, particularly the reduction of maternal mortality and morbidity.kEY WORDS: Emergency obstetrics referral, referral system, referral letter (Ethiopian Journal of Reproductive Health; 2019; 11;1:61-70)
OBSTETRIC REFERRALS AT SAINT PAUL’S HOSPITAL MILLENNIUM MEDICAL COLLEGE (SPHMMC): PRE-REFERRAL CARE AND APPROPRIATENESS
Authors: Abdella Mustefa Negash , Meskelu Jenberu , Teklu Alula M. , Bekele Delayehu
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Referrals between health care facilities is crucial in emergency obstetrics care to ensure appropriate level of care to women and newborns. The timely decision and appropriate pre-referral care will significantly affect maternal and perinatal outcome. OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to assess the pre referral care and referral appropriateness of mothers referred to SPHMMC. METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted that involved all mothers referred to SPHMMC for obstetric emergency from January 25 to March 5, 2017. They were interviewed at emergency department and the pre-referral care given and the process of patient transfer was assessed using a structured tool. Data was entered cleaned and analyzed using SPSS Version 22. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation was used to present results assess the relationship between referral and arrival diagnosis.RESULT: A total of 1080 mothers were transferred to SPHMMC from BEmONC centers during the study period. Majority of clients 718(65.5%) were from outside Addis Ababa and 362 (33.5%) of clients were from Addis Ababa. Prolonged labor, PROM, PIH and abortions constitute the top referral diagnosis accounting for 21.8%, 16.5%, 10.4% &9.9% in that order. Two thirds (68.6%) of the clients were transferred without prior notifications to the hospital. Most (96.5%) of those patients transferred with prolonged or obstructed labor were transferred without attachment of their Partograph. With regards to the intervention provided at referring health facility 170 (72.3%) of prolonged/obstructed labors were transferred without intravenous access line; 90 (75.4%) of patients with premature rupture of fetal membranes were not given antibiotics before referral, 89 (79.5%) of preeclampsia/eclampsia cases were not provided with magnesium sulphate as seizure prophylaxis and of those laboring mothers diagnosed to have fetal distress on referral, 45 (60.8%) were referred without securing intravenous line for resuscitation. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS: We found that most clients were coming from non-catchment health facilities without prior notification. In the majority of cases essential pre-referral care were not initiated at the referring facilities for those women with obstetric complications. BEmONC facilities need to be strengthened to offer the required medical interventions to save lives at the site and during transfer of patients. KEY WORDs: BEmONC, CEmONC, SPHMMC, Ethiopia. (Ethiopian Journal of Reproductive Health; 2019; 11;2:10-16)
KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS LEGALIZATION OF ABORTION SERVICE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG FEMALE YOUTH IN AXUM TOWN, ETHIOPIA
Authors: Kahsay Tsegay , Ambaw Fentie , Gebremedhin Tirhas , Tetemke Desalegn , G/medhin Merhawi
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTION: Unsafe abortion greatly contributes to maternal mortality and morbidity in the world particularly in developing countries. Poor knowledge and unfavorable attitude towards abortion among female youths is still significantly high in Ethiopia where abortion service is not fully legalized. So far, no studies related to abortion legalization have been conducted in Ethiopia, Axum town to identify the gap. Therefore, this study was aimed at assessing female youth level of knowledge and attitude towards legalization of abortion services in the town. METHODS: Community based cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 subjects in November 2015. Respondents were selected through systematic random sampling. Structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data was coded and entered using Epi-info version 7 and exported to SPSS Version 20 for analysis. Descriptive and logistic regression were computed. Statistical tests were considered significant at p<0.05and 95% confidence interval. RESULT: A Only 202(49.5%) and 190(47.5%) of respondents had good knowledge and favorable attitude respectively. Age, not knowing unsafe abortion complication, and lacking information on criteria of legal abortion service were significantly associated with knowledge. Lack of formal education and no access to information were also associated with attitude. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Almost half of the respondents have good knowledge and favorable attitude towards legalization of abortion service. Age, knowledge of unsafe abortion complication, and availability of clear source of information about abortion had strong association with knowledge and attitude. Great efforts are needed to ensure that all female youth know that they have a legal right to abortion in some circumstances in our country.KEYWORDS: abortion legalization, attitude, Axum town, Ethiopia, female youth, knowledge (Ethiopian Journal of Reproductive Health; 2019; 11;2:45-55)
RUPTURED RUDIMENTARY HORN PREGNANCY OF UNICORNUATE UTERUS AT HIWOT FANA SPECIALIZED HOSPITAL, HARAR, ETHIOPIA: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Belay Lemi , Gure Tadesse , Teshome Abel , Asrat Matias
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTUnicornuate uterus with rudimentary horn occurs due to failure of complete development of one of the mullerian ducts and incomplete fusion with the contra lateral side. Pregnancy in the non-communicating rudimentary horn is extremely rare and usually terminates in rupture during first or second trimester of pregnancy. Pregnancy occurs via trans peritoneal migration of sperm or zygote. Variable thicknesses of rudimentary horn musculature, poor dispensability of myometrium lead to rupture. This complication is usually seen in 2nd trimester resulting in shock and hemoperitoneum. Diagnosis of rudimentary horn pregnancy is difficult and can be missed in ultrasound. Diagnosis of rudimentary horn pregnancy is difficult and can be missed by ultrasound. We report a case of ruptured rudimentary horn pregnancy at 17 weeks of gestation. KEYWORDS: Rudimentary horn, Unicornuate uterus, Hemoperitoneum, Rupture.(Ethiopian Journal of Reproductive Health; 2019; 11;2:56-60)
PREVALENCE, INDICATION, TYPE AND COMPLICATION OF ELECTIVE HYSTERECTOMY IN A TERTIARY HOSPITAL IN ETHIOPIA
Authors: Abate Tinkishea Ermias , Teka Hale , Berhe Zelelow Yibrah , Gebremichael Hailay , Terefe Wondwossen
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Hysterectomy is a surgical removal of the uterus. It is one of the commonly performedsurgical procedures worldwide. In obstetric and gynecologic context, it is the second to cesarean section. Theaim of this study was to analyze the rate, indications, complications, and type of elective hysterectomy in Aydercomprehensive specialized hospital.METHODOLOGY: Retrospective study of all women for whom elective hysterectomy was done from January 2009-December 2016 in Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. RESULTS: A total of 385 elective hysterectomies were done out of 1058 major gynecologic surgeries duringthe study period. This makes a rate of hysterectomy of 36.4%. Majority of the cases were in the age group of 41-50years (31.6%) with the mean age of 47.5 years. The leading indication for elective hysterectomy was uterovaginalprolapse184 (57.3%), followed by leiomyoma 48 (15%) and ovarian tumor 47(14.6%). Vaginal hysterectomy was thecommonest route of surgery 159(49.5%) followed by total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) 75(23.4%). Half of thepatients who had elective hysterectomy had pain during their hospital stay and 36.4 % of them were anemic afterthe operation. CONCLUSION: The rate of elective hysterectomy was 36.4% of all major gynecologic surgeries during thestudy period and more than half the indication was done for uterovaginal prolapse. Post-operative surgical site painwas the most common complication identified in about half of the cases during the study period.KEY WORDS: Total abdominal hysterectomy, vaginal hysterectomy, Uterovaginal Prolapse, Leiomyoma,Ovarian tumor
EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION: KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE AMONG FEMALE STUDENTS IN DILLA UNIVERSITY, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA, 2018
Authors: Alemu Abebe , Kebede Daniel , Amanu Gedefa
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTION: Globally, despite the availability of effective contraception methods, the number of unintended pregnancy is high among an adolescent that leads to a higher risk of morbidity and mortality. Taking emergency contraceptive within the recommended time is highly effective to prevent unintended pregnancy. In Ethiopia, the high rate of unwanted pregnancy among female students in the Universities is a community and government concern. Thus, this study is aimed to determine the level of knowledge and practice of emergency contraceptives among female students in Dilla University, Southern Ethiopia, 2018. METHODS: Descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted and multistage sampling technique was employed to enroll a total of 672 study participants. A systematic simple random sampling was used to enroll study units. Data was collected using structured self-administered questionnaire. The data was analyzed using the SPSS-20 software. RESULT: Only 150(40.3%) had used emergency contraceptives after having unprotected sexual intercourse However, from the total respondents, 372(29.4%) were sexually active, 84(22.5%) had a history of unintended pregnancy and eighty (95.2%) of pregnancy ended up with abortion. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the utilization of emergency contraceptives after unprotected sexual practice was low among female students in the University. Therefore, more effort is needed to access emergency contraceptives in the university, mainstreaming reproductive and sexual issues and community awareness on adolescents’ reproductive and sexual rights may alleviate this burdened health risk of female students in the Universities.
Maternal mortality in Ambo Hospital: a five year retrospective review
Authors: Garomssa Herpessa , Dwivedi A.D.
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground: All pregnant women are at risk of obstetric complications and most of thesecomplications occur during labour, delivery and in the immediate post-partum period thatleads to maternal deaths.Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the magnitude, causes and identifypreventable factors leading to maternal mortality at Ambo Hospital, Ethiopia.Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted in Ambo Hospital, Western Shoa,Ethiopia, from January 2001 to December 2005. Ambo Hospital is a zonal general hospitalserving more than 2.5 million people. It has four major departments: obstetrics andgynecology, surgery, internal medicine and pediatrics. Clinical records of patients werereviewed to evaluate causative and contributing factors leading to maternal deaths. Anindependent obstetrician evaluated whether the cause of death was preventable or not.Results: There were seventy three maternal deaths during the study period. The major causesof maternal deaths were hemorrhage in 54.8 % (40/73) of women, puerperal sepsis in 30.1%(22/73) of women, hypertensive disorders in pregnancy in 12.3% of women (9/73), andhepatic encephalopathy in 2.7% (2/73) of women. The maternal mortality ratio was1,852/100,000 (73/3,941) live births. Of all the maternal deaths 97.3% (71/73) weredirect obstetric causes while only 2.7% were due to indirect obstetric causes. Of all thematernal deaths only 11% (8/73) were booked for antenatal care. The distance from hospitalto the residences of women who died was within 250 kilometers (in the range of 500 meters to250 kilometers).Conclusion: Obstetric hemorrhage, puerperal sepsis and hypertensive disorders in pregnancyare still the major causes of maternal mortality and most of these maternal deaths arepreventable. There is a need to strengthen relevant reproductive health services and projects inthe area to further improve the maternal health situation.Keywords: Obstetric complications, Prevention of maternal mortality, Avoidable maternal losses.
POSSIBILITIES OF USING METHODS AIMED AT SOLVING LOGICAL AND CRITICAL PROBLEMS IN BIOLOGY LESSONS IN GENERAL EDUCATION SCHOOLS
Authors: İbrahimova Xoşqədəm , Həmzəyeva Lamiyə
Published: August 2024

In the process of applying situational issues in teaching biology, the learning process is improved. Thus, it deepens interdisciplinary interaction and interdependence. Thus, in the process of applying situational problem solving technology, with the help of interdisciplinary integration, students create interaction between knowledge and can use it in the future. It is not enough to integrate the knowledge of one or two subjects in the teaching process, in this case, it is possible to form knowledge and skills related to different subjects as a result of solving situational issues related to the subject.
Eurocode 7 on ‘Geotechnical design’: a code for soil-structure interaction
Authors: Roger Frank
Published: August 2024

Eurocode 7 on 'Geotechnical design' is actively being implemented throughoutEurope. Part 1 devoted to the 'General rules' was published by CEN in 2004. The Nationalannexes and documents have been prepared for final implementation in the variousEuropean countries. After describing shortly the history of the development of Eurocode 7,this paper gives the main contents of the code, as well as some aspects of particularinterest to the soil-structure interaction modelling: the design approaches (DA1, DA2 andDA3) for ULS verifications in persistent and transient design situations, SLS verifications andallowable movements of foundations.
Numerical modeling of the face reinforcement of Djebel El-Kantour tunnel face (highway east-west)
Authors: Salah Messast
Published: August 2024

The extension of communication ways (roads, highways, railways) often involves difficult crossings that usually lead to the construction of important structures such as tunnels. Similarly congestion on ground surface in cities necessitates the construction of underground structures (roads and metros). Terrain stability during construction especially in the coalface is one of the major problems related to the construction of these structures. This paper presents numerical modeling of the mechanical behavior of the rock face of the DJebel El-Kantour tunnel (East West Highway) reinforced by fits. In order to minimize on maximum the cost of numerical simulations, the reliability of three methods of homogenization of reinforced soil (improving cohesion, improving the cohesion and angle of friction and ultimately improve the Young's modulus) is tested by comparing the results of numerical simulations to the displacements measured insitu.
Thermal design of air cooled condenser of a solar adsorption refrigerator
Authors: Amar Rouag  , Adel Benchabane  , Adnane Labed  , Nora Boultif
Published: August 2024

The objective of this paper is to study the design of a condenser of a solar adsorptionrefrigerator which will be tested in the region of Biskra (Algeria). The LMTD (log mean temperaturedifference) method is used to calculate the size of the condenser applying experimental dataobtained from the literature. For this purpose, a calculation code has been developed todetermine the total heat transfer area of the heat exchanger. Therefore, we present a comparisonbetween calculated and experimental results obtained from the literature. This comparisonallowed the validation of the calculation method by applying the same experimental conditions.The discussion of the results indicates that we cannot use the ambient air in free convection modeas a cooling fluid if its temperature exceeds 30°C. This problem presents the greatest obstacleespecially in the Saharan regions, such as in Biskra, where the average ambient air temperatureduring the summer exceeds 35°C. As a solution, we propose in this article the improvement of theheat transfer by the air-forced convection mode. Thus, it is established that the use of the air fancan extend the operating temperature limits of the condenser above 35°C.
Study of the microstructure of collapsible soil treated with the potassium chloride
Authors: Ouassila Bahloul  , Khelifa Abbeche  , Azeddine Bahloul
Published: August 2024

The collapse of soils is a very complex phenomenon that involves a large number ofintrinsic and environment parameters. This research aims to try to better understand the causes ofcollapse of soils and propose solutions to improve them and limit subsidence at least to anacceptable level. From a soil sample reconstituted in the laboratory, composed of a mixture (80%sand and 20% kaolin), we have shown the benefit of additions of salt solutions such as KCl.Analyses with scanning electron microscope and spectroscopy energy dispersive X-ray revealedmicrostructural changes and a significant interaction between clay particles and potassiumchloride. The K+ cation is easily embedded in the pores and promotes the formation of a dense andcompact material.
FVM model and virtual instrument based system for electromagnetic characterization of steel material
Authors: Islam-Ncereddine El Ghoul  , Ahmed Cheriet  , Samir Bensaid  , Ala-Eddine Lakhdari
Published: August 2024

This paper deals with a finite volume model and virtual instrument based system forelectromagnetic characterization of steel material. Both magnetic permeability and electricalconductivity are electromagnetic properties must be defined. These two parameters are stronglyrequired for electromagnetic problems analysis such as in eddy current nondestructive testingproblem. The magnetic permeability is measured by using the B(H) loop of the steel material whichis illustrated by experimental measurement through a virtual instrument based system. However,the electrical conductivity is obtained by the solution of an inverse problem. For that reason adirect electromagnetic model is analyzed using the finite volume method.
Stability of geosynthetic reinforced embankments over stone column‐improved soft soil
Authors: Mohamed Labed  , Mekki Mellas
Published: August 2024

The stability of embankments on soft soils is a common problem; the reinforcement ofthis type of soil by a geosynthetic sheet above stone columns is a recent technique, for anexcellent distribution of the vertical stresses on the stone columns and the soft soils. This paperfocuses on the numerical analysis of a geosynthetic‐reinforced embankment over stone column‐improved soft soil. The finite difference code Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua in 3 Dimensions(FLAC3D) was used to determine the optimal placement of the geosynthetic sheet. Theembankment fill, the subsoil, and the stone columns were modeled by an elasto‐plastic model witha Mohr‐Coulomb yield criterion and associated flow rule. In this study, several geometrical andmechanical parameters have been considered, such as the stiffness modulus, the placement ofgeosynthetic sheet, and the internal friction angle of the embankment fill. The factor of safetyobtained by 3D numerical method was compared with those obtained by 2D numerical methods.The results of this study show the effect of the placement and stiffness of the geosynthetic sheeton the factor of safety.
The effective length estimation of columns in semi-rigid jointed braced frames
Authors: Ismail Meghezzi-Larafi  , Abdelouahab Tati
Published: August 2024

This paper presents a theoretical and exact procedure for the stability analysis of bracedsteel frames, taking in account the flexibility effect of the beam-column connections. In order todetermine the effective length factor (K-factor). The isolated subassembly approach is used toestablish the buckling governing equation. In this study, the relative stiffness coefficient at theisolated column ends is provided by the remainder members of the structure, rather than of therelative stiffness factor in the alignment chart method. A computer program for plane structureanalysis is used to evaluate the relative stiffness coefficients. To illustrate the accuracy of theestablished transcendental equation, K-factor values for the case of fully rigid connections, arecompared to the exact and the French rules results. The effect of the type of transfer elementsbetween the frame members, in term of fixity factors is investigated. Moreover, the effect ofrestraining conditions, provided by the whole frame structure, in term of relative stiffnesscoefficients, is also studied. The obtained results revealed that the buckling critical loads of thecolumns in frames of rigid members are significantly affected by the fixity factors variation, unlikein flexible structures.
Numerical study of the bearing capacity for strip and circular footings on non‐ homogeneous clay
Authors: Mohamed‐Younes Ouahab  , Abdelhak Mabrouki  , Mekki Mellas  , Djamel Benmeddour
Published: August 2024

The present study investigates the influence of linear increase of cohesion with depth onthe bearing capacity of shallow strip and circular footings. The objective of this study is theelastoplastic analysis of the bearing capacity factors and correction factors in order to indicate themodifications that must be made to the bearing capacity of smooth and rough strip footings, totake into account the case of circular footing on non‐homogeneous clay. Normal stresses andfailure mechanisms below the strip and circular footings are also examined. In addition, someinteresting results are presented concerning the interference of two strip footings. The comparisonof the numerical results of the present study with those presented in the literature confirms thecapability of the adopted approach.
Extraction, synthesis and characterization of nickel (II) and cobalt (II) caprate complexes
Authors: Hanane Rehali  , Djamel Barkat
Published: August 2024

Liquid‐liquid extraction is one of the most useful technique for selective and recovery ofmetal ions aqueous solutions, applied in purification processes in numerous chemical industries. Inthis work the liquid‐liquid extraction of nickel (II) and Cobalt (II) from aqueous solution by capricacid(HL) in chloroform at 25±0.05°C has been studied. The nickel and cobalt in capric acidmonomeric complexes, having formula of the type [M(HL)2L 2] (M :Co(II) and Ni(II). The complexeshave been characterized with the help of elemental analysis, the apparatus used is a lasergranulometer Malvern Mastersizer Type 2000/3000, this device can measure the particle sizes,conductance measurements, electronic UV‐Visible suggest that the octahedral . Fourier transforminfrared confirm the presence of bidentate carboxylate in the complexes. The thermal behavior ofcomplexes was studied by thermogravimetry (DTG), differential thermal analysis (DTA).The finaldecomposition products namely NiO and Co3O 4.