bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimación de las preferencias del consumidor por los atributos externos e internos de las hortalizas. Un estudio del consumidor alemán
Authors: Jiménez-Guerrero J. F. , Gázquez-Abad J. C. , Huertas-García R. , Mondéjar-Jiménez J. A.
Published: August 2012

El proceso de formación de preferencias que tiene lugar durante la fase de evaluación de alternativas constituye una etapa muy importante en los modelos de comportamiento de compra del consumidor, sobre todo cuando éste se enfrenta con la compra de productos hortícolas. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el papel que juegan los atributos extrínsecos e intrínsecos en el comportamiento de compra de pepino, considerando, para ello, cuatro atributos: el precio, el país de origen y el método de producción (atributos extrínsecos), y la frescura (atributo intrínseco). Para ello se utiliza la metodología del análisis conjunto en una muestra de turistas alemanes que han visitado la ciudad de Almería (España). Los resultados muestran una mayor preferencia por un atributo intrínseco como es la frescura del producto. Por tanto, los productores deben de tener en cuenta la importancia de la frescura para el consumidor, y utilizarla para posicionar su producto en los mercados de destino.
Precision techniques for improving the management of the olive groves of southern Spain
Authors: Alamo S. , Ramos M. I. , Feito F. R. , Cañas J. A.
Published: August 2012

Precision agriculture has progressed in integrating different techniques, but nowadays the environmental and economic benefits of implementing the concept remain unproven. This is the first study that analyzes the agronomic and economic impact of the application of precision agriculture to a specific crop. This paper presents a study applied to olive orchards at a high level of detail. The research is conducted in order to establish a methodology for integrating Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) to implement precision agriculture in a specific olive grove in southern Spain. In this study the variability of five consecutive harvests, the homogeneous areas within the farm and the composition of the crop nutrients are all analysed. Different georeferenced management areas, analysis of cost of tillage, fertilization, herbicide treatments, pruning and harvesting are integrated into a GIS. In this study it has been possible to select a zone in the exploitation knowing immediately, for example, if the leaf N content was less than 1.5% in any campaign. The results show that detailed analyses in collecting the harvest and in the use of agrochemicals help to produce reductions in their use, with the consequent savings to olive growers and, in general, environmental benefits for the whole of society.
Mediciones no paramétricas corregidas y sin corregir en ensayos multiambientales de estabilidad con trigo duro
Authors: Sabaghnia N. , Karimizadeh R. , Mohammadi M.
Published: August 2012

Se estudió la estabilidad del rendimiento de 20 genotipos mejorados (G1-G20) de trigo duro en un diseño en bloques completos al azar con 4 repeticiones de 3 años en 5 ambientes diferentes. Los datos fueron analizados con las cinco medidas de estabilidad no paramétricas de Thennarasu (NP), de acuerdo a los rangos de los procedimientos corregidos y sin corregir. El análisis de varianza combinado para los ambientes (E), los genotipos (G) y la interacción GE fue significativo, lo que sugiere una respuesta diferencial de los genotipos y la necesidad de analizar el rendimiento de la estabilidad. En este estudio, se asociaron valores bajos de NP no corregidos (UNP2, UNP3 y UNP4) con un elevado rendimiento medio, pero las otras medidas no paramétricas de estabilidad no se correlacionaron positivamente con el rendimiento medio y se consideraron como concepto estático de estabilidad. Sin embargo, de acuerdo con los parámetros de estabilidad, tanto corregidos como sin corregir, los genotipos G7, G8, G13 y G14 se mantuvieron estables, pero solamente G7 y G8 tuvieron un elevado rendimiento medio. Los resultados del análisis factorial, de la correlación de Spearman y del procedimiento bootstrap de nuevo muestreo de las mediciones de estabilidad no paramétricas y la media de rendimiento, indicaron que sería útil utilizar datos incorrectos no corregidos para seleccionar de forma simultánea elevados rendimientos y estabilidad. En conclusión, de acuerdo con los resultados de las diferentes mediciones de estabilidad no paramétricas, se recomienda el genotipo G7 de trigo duro para su uso comercial como el más favorable en Irán.
Nitrogen uptake dynamics, yield and quality as influenced by nitrogen fertilization in ‘Piel de sapo’ melon
Authors: Castellanos M. T. , Cabello M. J. , Cartagena M. C. , Tarquis A. M. , Arce A. , Ribas F.
Published: August 2012

The need to reduce nitrogen (N) fertilizer pollution strengthens the importance of improving the utilization efficiency of applied N to crops. This requires knowledge of crop N uptake characteristics and how fertilization management affects it. A three-year field experiment was conducted from May to September in central Spain to investigate the influence of different N rates, which ranged from 11 to 393 kg ha-1, applied through drip irrigation, on the dynamics of N uptake, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), fruit yield and quality of a ‘Piel de sapo’ melon crop (Cucumis melo L. cv. Sancho). Both N concentration and N content increased in different plant parts with the N rate. Leaves had the highest N concentration, which declined by 40-50% from 34-41 days after transplanting (DAT), while the highest N uptake rate was observed from 30-35 to 70-80 DAT, coinciding with fruit development. In each year, NUE declined with increasing N rate. With N fertilizer applications close to the optimum N rate of 90-100 kg ha-1, the fruits removed approximately 60 kg N ha-1, and the amount of N in the crop residue was about 80 kg N ha-1; this serves to replenish the organic nutrient pool in the soil and may be used by subsequent crops following mineralization.
Effect of organic trace minerals supplementation during early postpartum on milk composition, and metabolic and hormonal profiles in grazing dairy heifers
Authors: Ramos J. M. , Sosa C. , Ruprechter G. , Pessina P. , Carriquiry M.
Published: August 2012

The effect of complexed trace minerals supplementation on productive, reproductive and metabolic variables during early postpartum of grazing primiparous dairy cows =) was investigated. Pasture-fed Holstein heifers were offered (supplemented group; SG, n=60) or not (control group; CG, n=60) a commercial trace mineral supplement during the first 90 days of lactation. Milk production and composition were determined monthly. Reproductive function was evaluated by calving-first service interval, number of services per conception, and pregnancy rates. Non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor-1 were determined on blood samples collected on days postpartum -7 ± 4, 30 and 60. Supplementation did not affect milk production or its composition, except for fat percentage that tended to be higher in SG than CG. Calving-first service and calving-conception intervals were shorter in SG than CG but number of services per conception and pregnancy rates did not differ between treatments. No lameness was observed during the period evaluated and although a beneficial effect of SG was found in locomotion score, it was not clinically relevant (scores 1-2). Metabolites and hormones concentrations did not differ between treatments. Organic trace mineral supplementation had a transient beneficial effect on milk composition on the intervals from calving to first service and from calving to conception, with no changes in metabolic and endocrine profiles during the transition period primiparous dairy cows on grazing conditions.
Modelo de preferencia multiatributo para la planificación óptima de cultivos de regadío en condiciones de escasez de agua
Authors: Montazar A. , Snyder R. L.
Published: August 2012

La sostenibilidad de los recursos hídricos tiene un papel clave en la existencia y durabilidad de los sistemas agrícolas de riego y depende en gran medida de la planificación de los cultivos. El proceso de decisión es complejo, debido a una serie de restricciones y el deseo de asegurar la diversificación de los cultivos y la participación de diversos parámetros afectados. El objetivo del presente estudio fue desarrollar un modelo multicriterio completo para seleccionar una combinación adecuada de cultivo en un distrito de riego con escasez hídrica. La planificación de un sistema óptimo de cultivos en regadíos se realizó considerando once y nueve atributos de decisión para jerarquizar el tipo de cultivo y su porcentaje de superficie, respectivamente. Los resultados indican que el enfoque de preferencia de atributos múltiples puede sintetizar varios conjuntos de criterios en la selección del tipo de cultivo y la superficie cultivada. El análisis de validación muestra que las preferencias generadas por el modelo propuesto están razonablemente de acuerdo con las obtenidas en el modelo de uso del agua. En consecuencia, el modelo podría ser utilizado para agregar preferencias a fin de obtener una decisión de grupo, mejorar la comprensión del problema de elección, adaptarse a múltiples objetivos y aumentar la transparencia y la credibilidad en la toma de decisiones en las que la planificación de cultivos esté involucrada.
Carbon sequestration potential of residues of different types of cover crops in olive groves under mediterranean climate
Authors: Repullo-Ruibérriz de Torres M. A. , Carbonell-Bojollo R. , Alcántara-Braña C. , Rodríguez-Lizana A. , Ordóñez-Fernández R.
Published: August 2012

The maintenance of plant cover between olive grove lanes until the beginning of spring is a soil management alternative that is gradually being adopted by olive growers. As well as protecting the soil from erosion, plant covers have other advantages such as improving the physicochemical properties of the soil, favouring its biodiversity and contributing towards the capturing of atmospheric carbon and its fixation in the soil. A trial was conducted over three growing seasons in an olive plantation situated in southern Spain. It was designed to evaluate the C fixation potential of the residues of the cover species Brachypodium distachyon, Eruca vesicaria, Sinapis alba and of spontaneous weeds; and also to study the decomposition dynamics of plant residues after mowing cover. After 156 and 171 days of decomposition, the species that released the largest amount of C was Brachypodium with values of 2,157 and 1,666 kg ha-1 respectively, while the lowest values of 461 and 509 kg ha-1 were obtained by spontaneous weeds. During the third season (163 days of decomposition) and due to the weather conditions restricting the emergence and growth of cover, spontaneous weeds released the most C with a value of 1,494 kg ha-1. With respect to the fixation of C, Sinapis records the best results with an increase in soil organic C (SOC) concentration of 7,690 kg ha-1. Considering the three seasons and a depth of 20 cm, the behaviour sequence of the different species in favouring the fixation of soil organic C was Sinapis>Brachypodium>spontaneous weeds>Eruca.
Carcass characteristics and instrumental meat quality of suckling kids and lambs
Authors: Sañudo C. , Campo M. M. , Muela E. , Olleta J. L. , Delfa R. , Jiménez-Badillo R. , Alcalde M. J. , Horcada A. , Oliveira I. , Cilla I.
Published: August 2012

Meat from very young, milk-fed, small ruminants is an appreciated product in Mediterranean countries where milk is the main product derived from the herds. Nevertheless, many aspects of the quality of the products are virtually unknown for many goat breeds, especially among those that are reared for their meat. In this study, the quality from 50 animals from 5 local goat breeds (one dairy purpose and 4 meat purpose) and 19 lambs (from Churra, a dairy breed) was compared at commercial cold carcass weights of 4.4-6.6 kg. Carcass quality, ultimate pH and meat colour were assessed following standard procedures. Statistical differences (p<0.05) were found in all of the variables analysed. Some of these differences might have been due to the influence of the genotype, the dam's production potential, or differences in carcass weight and age, but most were species dependent. Lambs differed from the kids, especially from those of meat purpose breeds, due to their high proportion of bone (25.0 vs. 21.3 to 23.7%), and a more intense meat colour (higher hue: 29.2 vs. 23.4 to 28.7, and chroma: 14.6 vs. 12.1 to 14.6). Among the goat breeds, Murciano Granadina (dairy breed) and Blanca Celtibérica (meat breed) were the most different in terms of carcass morphology, fatness, and meat colour. The other three local meat-purpose goat breeds (Moncaína, Negra Serrana, and Pirenaica) differed little. To obtain a better understanding of goat species, the differences among breeds, in kids or in their most common products, require further studies.
Short communication. Effects of some environmental factors and extended calving interval on milk yield of Red Holstein cows
Authors: Koc A.
Published: August 2012

The effects of extended calving interval (CI), calving month, calving year and parity on lactation length (LL), lactation milk yield (LMY), the first 305 days milk production of the lactation (305-dMY) and daily milk yield (DMY) of Red-Holstein cows were investigated. A total of 286 CI and lactation records were collected from 116 cows in a dairy farm located in Aegean Region of Turkey between 2001 and 2010. The CI data were divided into three classes: CI12 (12 months), CI15 (15 months) and CI18 (18 months). The CI class affected LL (p0.05) and by 15.9% in CI18 (p<0.01). Because of the higher temperature and relative humidity in summer months, it is advised that some extra precautions need to be taken to compensate the adverse effects of heat stress in cows in the region. In addition, extending CI from 12 to 15 months did not cause any significant production losses; however extending CI to 18 months resulted in a significant decrease in DMY.
Genetic structure of Spanish populations of Ceratitis capitata revealed by RAPD and ISSR markers: implications for resistance management
Authors: Beroiz B. , Ortego F. , Callejas C. , Hernandez-Crespo P. , Castañera P. , Ochando M. D.
Published: August 2012

The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is considered one of the most economically damaging pests of citrus orchards in Spain. The characterization of C. capitata population structure, at a large geographical scale, by using a combination of RAPD and ISSR markers can allow analyzing the genetic variability of this species, and provide some insight in decision making for resistance management, recently recorded in Spain. We compared six Spanish populations along the Mediterranean area (Gerona, Amposta, Tortosa, Castellón, Valencia and Málaga) with populations from other geographical areas where this pest is widely distributed (Africa, Middle East, South America and Atlantic Islands) and two laboratory strains. The results obtained with both types of molecular markers were similar. A dendrogram based on Nei genetic distances showed that all Mediterranean Spanish populations, except the population collected in Gerona, were clearly separated from the rest. However, no clear differentiation among Spanish populations was found, probably as a result of the high levels of gene flow (Nm value of 2.8 for RAPD and 3.9 for ISSR). Implications of these findings on resistance management of C. capitata are discussed.
The Morphology of the tG- Stem in Hebrew and Tirgaltî in Hos 11:3
Authors: Hutton Jeremy M , Marzouk Safwat
Published: August 2012

TheMasoreticText(MT)ofHos11:3areads ְוָאֹנִכי ִתְרַגְּלִתּי ְלֶאְפַרִים Although the entire verse is difficult, the form and . ָק ָחם ַעל־ ְזרוֹעֹ ָתיו meaning of the word ִתּ ְר ַגּ ְל ִתּי (tirgaltî) has been especially problematic for interpreters from the beginning of attempts to These difficulties emerge from the morphological peculiarities of the word, as well as from the lexicographic difficulties it presents. The present article proceeds from the conviction that an adequate solution to the second problem—lexicography—requires a sufficiently comprehensive answer to the first problem—morphology. Unfortunately, although we remain optimistic that a lexicological answer to the questionable semanticfieldofthewordִתְּרַגְּלִתּי mayeventuallybegiven,suchan explanation cannot be made without significant exegetical elaboration, space for which is unavailable in the confines of the present article. Therefore, the explicit goal of the present article is to propose a solution to the former problem—the morphology of . ִתּ ְר ַגּ ְל ִתּי
Determining the information literacy needs of a medical and dental faculty
Authors: Storie Dale , Campbell Sandy
Published: August 2012

Introduction: The Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry at the University of Alberta is large and diverse. Liaison librarians at the Health Sciences Library decided in late 2009 to undertake a system-wide evaluation of the information literacy (IL) instruction being delivered to the Faculty. The goals of the evaluation were to identify current strengths and gaps in instruction, to realign teaching priorities, and to inform the development of effective asynchronous Web-based delivery mechanisms, such as interactive tutorials, to support the Faculty's move to electronic course delivery. Methods: The main data collection method was a survey of different user groups in the Faculty, including undergraduate and graduate students, residents, and faculty. Secondary data included a literature review, consultation with key collaborators and analyzing program documents. Results: All undergraduate medical students receive IL instruction. Fewer than a third of graduate students, only half of residents, and a small fraction of faculty, receive instruction. The current curriculum needs to be revised to be less repetitive. Most respondents wanted to receive training on advanced database searching, and preferred in-person instruction sessions. Web-based tutorials were the next most popular mode of delivery. Discussion: This study is one of the few medical information literacy surveys that used a broad, strategic approach to surveying all user groups at a medical school. These data provide a baseline overview of existing instruction across user groups, determine potential need for IL instruction, provide direction for what should be taught, and identify preferred methods for delivery of a comprehensive training program centered on Faculty needs.
Inhibition of human mevalonate kinase by allosteric inhibitors of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase
Authors: Salari Saman , Lee Hiu‐Fung , Tsantrizos Youla S. , Park Jaeok
Published: June 2024

Mevalonate kinase is a key regulator of the mevalonate pathway, subject to feedback inhibition by the downstream metabolite farnesyl pyrophosphate. In this study, we validated the hypothesis that monophosphonate compounds mimicking farnesyl pyrophosphate can inhibit mevalonate kinase. Exploring compounds originally synthesized as allosteric inhibitors of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase, we discovered mevalonate kinase inhibitors with nanomolar activity. Kinetic characterization of the two most potent inhibitors demonstrated Ki values of 3.1 and 22 nm. Structural comparison suggested features of these inhibitors likely responsible for their potency. Our findings introduce the first class of nanomolar inhibitors of human mevalonate kinase, opening avenues for future research. These compounds might prove useful as molecular tools to study mevalonate pathway regulation and evaluate mevalonate kinase as a potential therapeutic target.
COVID‐19 Vaccination Before Initiating Rituximab Treatment Induces Strong Serological Response in Autoimmune Rheumatic Disease, Reducing Post‐Pandemic Concerns About the Impact of Rituximab
Authors: Ammitzbøll Christian , Thomsen Marianne Kragh , Bartels Lars Erik , Hansen Cecilie Bo , Hermansen Marie‐Louise From , Hänel Mathias , Klose‐Jensen Rasmus , Larsen Mads Lamm , Lauritsen Morgan Oliver , Mistegaard Clara Elbæk , Mikkelsen Susan , Olesen Janne Bille Mønster , Næser Esben Uggerby , Nielsen Morten Aagaard , Erikstrup Christian , Garred Peter , Hauge Ellen‐Margrethe , Troldborg Anne
Published: June 2024

Objective

Rituximab (RTX)‐treated patients exhibit suboptimal responses to COVID‐19 vaccines. However, existing research primarily involves patients already receiving RTX when vaccines were introduced, failing to account for the current landscape where patients are vaccinated before initiating RTX. Our objective was to compare the serological response to COVID‐19 vaccines in patients vaccinated before or after RTX initiation.

Methods

We included 254 RTX‐treated patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIIRDs) and 113 blood donors (BDs) in a retrospective, observational cohort study. Patients were categorized based on the timing of RTX treatment relative to primary COVID‐19 vaccination. Serological vaccine responses were assessed using three immunoassays, and logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of serological response.

Results

Patients vaccinated before initiating RTX treatment had significantly higher seroconversion rates of SARS‐CoV‐2 immunoglobulin G (87%) and neutralizing antibodies (91%) compared with those receiving RTX before and after vaccination (n = 132) (61% and 65%, respectively). In the logistic regression analysis, a positive serological response was associated with the number of vaccines administered >9 months after the last RTX treatment. Patients receiving the highest number of vaccines with >9 months after RTX showed a response comparable to that of the BDs.

Conclusion

Vaccinating before RTX initiation yields a robust serological response in patients with AIIRDs. Furthermore, we highlight the reversibility of antibody impairment after RTX treatment cessation, provided that adequate vaccinations occur within a minimum of 9 months after RTX. Our findings offer essential insights for clinical decision‐making regarding COVID‐19 vaccination and RTX treatment, alleviating concerns about future RTX use.

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Functionalized BP@(Zn+Ag)/EPLA Nanofibrous Scaffolds Fabricated by Cryogenic 3D Printing for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Chen Shunyu , Qiu Zhoucheng , Zhao Lihua , Huang Xiaojing , Xiao Xiufeng
Published: June 2024

This study fabricates a functionalized scaffold by cryogenic three‐dimensional (3D) printing using an aminated poly‐L‐lactic acid (EPLA) solution containing nanosilver/zinc‐coated black phosphorus (BP@(Zn+Ag)) nanocomposites. The nanocomposites are prepared by a green method of in situ photodeposition of silver and zinc nanoparticles (AgNPs and ZnNPs) on BP nanosheets (BPNs) under visible light irradiation without any chemical reductant. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X‐ray energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) confirm the uniform distribution of BP@(Zn+Ag) nanoparticles in the EPLA nanofibrous matrix. The in vitro tests show that the fabricated BP@(Zn+Ag)/EPLA nanofibrous scaffold exhibits excellent antibacterial activity (over 96%) against E. coli and S. aureus, as well as enhanced cell viability and osteogenic activity to facilitate the growth and differentiation of osteoblasts. The in vivo rat calvarial defect model also demonstrates that the BP@(Zn+Ag)/EPLA nanofibrous scaffold promotes new bone tissue formation around the implant site. Therefore, the prepared multifunctional 3D printed BP@(Zn+Ag)/EPLA nanofibrous scaffold has great potential for bone tissue engineering (BTE) applications.
Defect‐Engineered Metal–Organic Frameworks as Nanocarriers for Pharmacotherapy: Insights into Intracellular Dynamics at The Single Particle Level
Authors: Huang Ge , Dreisler Marcus Winther , Kæstel‐Hansen Jacob , Nielsen Annette Juma , Zhang Min , Hatzakis Nikos S.
Published: June 2024

Nanoscale Metal–Organic Frameworks (nanoMOFs) are widely implemented in a host of assays involving drug delivery, biosensing catalysis, and bioimaging. However, the cell pathways and cell fate remain poorly understood. Here, a new fluorescent nanoMOF integrating ATTO 655 into surface defects of colloidal UiO‐66 is synthesized, allowing to track the spatiotemporal localization of Single nanoMOF in live cells. Density functional theory reveals the stronger binding of ATTO 655 to the Zr6 cluster nodes compared with phosphate and Alendronate Sodium. Parallelized tracking of the spatiotemporal localization of thousands of nanoMOFs and analysis using machine learning platforms reveals whether nanoMOFs remain outside as well as their cellular internalization pathways. To quantitatively assess their colocalization with endo/lysosomal compartments, a colocalization proxy approach relying on the nanoMOF detection of particles in one channel to the signal in the corresponding endo/lysosomal compartments channel, considering signal versus local background intensity ratio and signal‐to‐noise ratio is developed. This strategy mitigates colocalization value inflation from high or low signal expression in endo/lysosomal compartments. The results accurately measure the nanoMOFs’ colocalization from early to late endosomes and lysosomes and emphasize the importance of understanding their intracellular dynamics based on single‐particle tracking for optimal and safe drug delivery.
Enhanced Interlayer Interaction in Top‐Layer Twisted Trilayer MoS2 with Moiré Superlattice
Authors: Liu Yalin , Zhang Tiantian , Zhou Jun , Zhu Meijie , Zhao Zihan , Zhang Weifeng , Feng Yibiao , Guo Xiaopeng , Liu Nan , Nie Jiacai , Chen Shanshan , Dou Ruifen
Published: June 2024

Moiré superlattices, induced by an angular mismatch in layered materials provide a new index of freedom to manipulate the correlated electron states and many‐body properties of excitons. Here, trilayer MoS2 homostructures with the 3R configuration between the middle (M) and the bottom (B) layer and the top‐to‐middle (T‐M) interlayer twists ranging from 10° to 40° are fabricated via NaCl‐assisted chemical vapor deposition. The twist‐dependent interlayer interactions are systematically investigated by polarized low frequency (PLF) and high frequency (HF) Raman spectroscopy. PLF Raman results show that the energy shift in the shear mode, the breathing modes of LB31 and LB32 is respectively the much in 14°‐ and 28°‐T‐M twisted trilayer, among as‐prepared trilayer MoS2 homostructures. Moreover, the T‐M twist further affects the optical properties of the twisted MoS2 trilayer, evidenced by the photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Moiré excitons are enhanced in the top‐layer twisted MoS2 trilayer with a T‐M twists of 28°, which may originate from the interlayer exciton trapped by the periodical moiré potential. The present work demonstrates that the trilayer homostructures tuned by interlayer twists can be an ideal system to tune the energy band structures and exciton properties for their potential applications in the nano‐optical electronics.
Unexplored Exciplex Formation by Dual Excitation of Donor and Acceptor Layers Optically and Electrically
Authors: Rajakaruna Tharindu P. B. , Tang Xun , Nakanotani Hajime , Adachi Chihaya
Published: June 2024

Electron donor and acceptor interactions are the fundamentals for the emergence of optoelectronic functions in most organic devices. In particular, exciplexes, which hold the possibility to utilize dark triplets, are widely investigated in organic light‐emitting diodes. However, the relatively low radiative decay rate with a low photoluminescence quantum yield poses further advanced challenges. Traditionally, it is well recognized that exciplexes are formed through a charge transfer process, i.e., direct electron transfer, by photoexciting either a donor or an acceptor component. In this study, the focus is on a long‐range exciplex system where tris(4‐carbazoyl‐9‐ylphenyl)amine (TCTA) and 2,4,6‐tris[3‐(diphenylphosphinyl)phenyl]−1,3,5‐triazine (PO‐T2T) serve as the donor and acceptor, respectively. Moreover, 1,2‐bis(triphenylsilyl) benzene (UGH2) and bis[2‐(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether oxide (DPEPO), having a wide energy gap and a high triplet energy level, are employed as the double insulating layer to suppressing direct electron transfer between the donor and acceptor. The indirect through‐space exciplex formation is demonstrated by the simultaneous excitation of both donor and acceptor layers optically and electrically, providing a new route for exciplex formation.
Development of Iron‐Based Single Atom Materials for General and Efficient Synthesis of Amines
Authors: Ma Zhuang , Kuloor Chakreshwara , Kreyenschulte Carsten , Bartling Stephan , Malina Ondrej , Haumann Michael , Menezes Prashanth W. , Zbořil Radek , Beller Matthias , Jagadeesh Rajenahally V.
Published: June 2024

Earth abundant metal‐based heterogeneous catalysts with highly active and at the same time stable isolated metal sites constitute a key factor for the advancement of sustainable and cost‐effective chemical synthesis. In particular, the development of more practical, and durable iron‐based materials is of central interest for organic synthesis, especially for the preparation of chemical products related to life science applications. Here, we report the preparation of Fe‐single atom catalysts (Fe‐SACs) entrapped in N‐doped mesoporous carbon support with unprecedented potential in the preparation of different kinds of amines, which represent privileged class of organic compounds and find increasing application in daily life. The optimal Fe‐SACs allow for the reductive amination of a broad range of aldehydes and ketones with ammonia and amines to produce diverse primary, secondary, and tertiary amines including N‐methylated products as well as drugs, agrochemicals, and other biomolecules (amino acid esters and amides) utilizing green hydrogen.
Direct Microenvironment Modulation of CO2 Electroreduction: Negatively Charged Ag Sites Going beyond Catalytic Surface Reactions
Authors: Dai Ruoyun , Sun Kaian , Shen Rongan , Fang Jinjie , Cheong Weng‐Chon , Zhuang Zewen , Zhuang Zhongbin , Zhang Chao , Chen Chen
Published: June 2024

Electrochemical reduction of CO2 is an important way to achieve carbon neutrality, and much effort has been devoted to the design of active sites. Apart from elevating the intrinsic activity, expanding the functionality of active sites may also boost catalytic performance. Here we designed “negatively charged Ag (nc‐Ag)” active sites featuring both the intrinsic activity and the capability of regulating microenvironment, through modifying Ag nanoparticles with atomically dispersed Sn species. Different from conventional active sites (which only mediate the surface processes by bonding with the intermediates), the nc‐Ag sites could also manipulate environmental species. Therefore, the sites could not only activate CO2, but also regulate interfacial H2O and CO2, as confirmed by operando spectroscopies. The catalyst delivers a high current density with a CO faradaic efficiency of 97 %. Our work here opens up new opportunities for the design of multifunctional electrocatalytic active sites.
Auto‐Optimized Electro‐Flow Reactor Platform for the in‐situ Reduction of P(V) Oxide to P(III) and Their Application
Authors: Purwa Mandeep , Chandrakanth Gaykwad , Rana Abhilash , Mottafegh Amirreza , Kumar Sanjeev , Kim Dong‐Pyo , Singh Ajay K.
Published: June 2024

Trivalent phosphine catalysis is mostly utilized to activate the carbon‐carbon multiple bonds to form carbanion intermediate species and is highly sensitive to certain variables. Random manual multi‐variables are critical for understanding the batch disabled regeneration of trivalent phosphine chemistry. We need the artificial intelligence‐based system which can change the variable based on previously conducted failed experiment. Herein, we report an auto‐optimized electro‐micro‐flow reactor platform for the in‐situ reduction of stable P(V) oxide to sensitive P(III) and further utilized the method for Corey‐Fuchs reaction.
Development and validation of a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous quantification of eight Xiakucao Oral liquid–related compounds in rat plasma and its application in pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Jin Jingyi , Xu Xiaoqing , Wang Xinwei , Chen Biao , Miao Yingying , Chen Zhongguo , Yan Dongming , Qiu Furong
Published: June 2024

Xiakucao Oral Liquid (XKCOL) has been widely used for treating mammary gland hyperplasia and goiter in China. However, its pharmacokinetic data have been missing to date. To conduct its pharmacokinetic study, we established an LC–tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of eight XKCOL‐related compounds in rat plasma. Liquid–liquid extraction was used for the sampling process. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Phenomenon Luna C18 column with a mobile phase of methanol and 2 mM ammonium acetate, using gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. Detection was performed in the multiple reaction monitoring mode using negative electrospray ionization (ESI−) with optimized MS parameters. Endogenous substances and carryover did not interfere in the detection of analytes. The calibration curves showed a good linear relationship within the linear ranges. The intra‐ and inter‐batch accuracy and precision were 94.8%–110.0% and ≤11.2%, respectively. There was no significant matrix effect and the recovery was reproducible. The dilution of samples did not affect the accuracy and precision. The solution and plasma samples were stable under the various test conditions. The major components of XKCOL absorbed into the blood were salvianic acid A and rosmarinic acid. They demonstrated linear kinetics over the dose range used in this study.
Revealing the material basis and mechanism for the inhibition of intestinal peristalsis by Zingiber officinale Roscoe through integrated metabolomics, serum pharmacochemistry, and network pharmacology
Authors: Xiong Lewen , Xuan Jing , Zhao Hongwei , Zhang Zhaoyu , Wang Haonan , Yan Peizheng , Zhang Yongqing , Liu Yan , Zhang Longfei
Published: June 2024

Abnormal relaxation and contraction of intestinal smooth muscle can cause various intestinal diseases. Diarrhea is a common and important public health problem worldwide in epidemiology. Zingiber officinale Roscoe (fresh ginger) has been found to treat diarrhea, but the material basis and mechanism of action that inhibits intestinal peristalsis remain unclear. Metabolomics and serum pharmacology were used to identify differential metabolites, metabolic pathways, and pharmacodynamic substances, and were then combined with network pharmacology to explore the potential targets of ginger that inhibit intestinal peristalsis during diarrhea treatment, and the targets identified were verified using molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation. We found that 25 active components of ginger (the six most relevant components), 35 potential key targets (three core targets), 40 differential metabolites (four key metabolites), and four major metabolic pathways were involved in the process by which ginger inhibits intestinal peristalsis during diarrhea treatment. This study reveals the complex mechanism of action and pharmacodynamic material basis of ginger in the inhibition of intestinal peristalsis, and this information helps in the development of new Chinese medicine to treat diarrhea and lays the foundation for the clinical application of ginger.
Avelumab first‐line maintenance in advanced urothelial carcinoma: Complete screening for prognostic and predictive factors using machine learning in the JAVELIN Bladder 100 phase 3 trial
Authors: Manitz Juliane , Gerhold‐Ay Aslihan , Kieslich Pascal , Shah Parantu , Mrowiec Thomas , Tyroller Karin
Published: June 2024

Background

Avelumab first‐line (1 L) maintenance is a standard of care for advanced urothelial carcinoma (aUC) based on the JAVELIN Bladder 100 phase 3 trial, which showed that avelumab 1 L maintenance + best supportive care (BSC) significantly prolonged overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) vs BSC alone in patients who were progression free after receiving 1 L platinum‐containing chemotherapy. Here, we comprehensively screened JAVELIN Bladder 100 trial datasets to identify prognostic factors that define subpopulations of patients with longer or shorter OS irrespective of treatment, and predictive factors that select patients who could obtain a greater OS benefit from avelumab 1 L maintenance treatment.

Methods

We performed machine learning analyses to screen a large set of baseline covariates, including patient demographics, disease characteristics, laboratory values, molecular biomarkers, and patient‐reported outcomes. Covariates were identified from previously reported analyses and established prognostic and predictive markers. Variables selected from random survival forest models were processed further in univariate Cox models with treatment interaction and visually inspected using correlation analysis and Kaplan–Meier curves. Results were summarized in a multivariable Cox model.

Results

Prognostic baseline covariates associated with OS included in the final model were assignment to avelumab 1 L maintenance treatment, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, site of metastasis, sum of longest target lesion diameters, levels of C‐reactive protein and alkaline phosphatase in blood, lymphocyte proportion in intratumoral stroma, tumor mutational burden, and tumor CD8+ T‐cell infiltration. Potential predictive factors included site of metastasis, tumor mutation burden, and tumor CD8+ T‐cell infiltration. An analysis in patients with PD‐L1+ tumors had similar findings to those in the overall population.

Conclusions

Machine learning analyses of data from the JAVELIN Bladder 100 trial identified potential prognostic and predictive factors for avelumab 1 L maintenance treatment in patients with aUC, which warrant further evaluation in other clinical datasets.
Hierarchical N‐doped Carbon Nanosheets Anchored Bimetallic Oxides for Selective Hydrogenation of Phenylacetylene
Authors: Yang Shu‐Jie , Chen Min‐Jie , Liu Chao , Yao Yao , Xu Hong‐Jian , Zhao Xin‐Yu , Zhao Ze‐Lin , Li Jun‐Sheng , Chang Gang‐Gang , Yang Xiao‐Yu
Published: June 2024

Selective hydrogenation of alkynes to alkenes using a low‐cost non‐noble metal catalyst is urgently desirable but challenging because of their over‐hydrogenation to undesired alkanes. Herein, a series of hierarchical N‐doped carbon nanosheets anchored bimetallic oxides were successfully fabricated. The resultant composite catalysts had advantages associated with not only two‐dimensionality (2D) nanosheets with highly active sites and fast mass transfer, but also bimetallic oxides that dissociate and transfer hydrogen with the assistance of the oxygen vacancies. Furthermore, the bimetallic oxides combined with the advantages of high activity of Ni and the selectivity regulation of Co. Benefiting from these advantages, the catalytic performance of CoNiO2−ZnCo2O4/NC NSs can reach nearly full conversion with 92 % selectivity at moderate reaction conditions and can keep excellent selectivity even prolonging the reaction time to 12 h, outperforming CoNiO2−ZnCo2O4/NC NPs, CoO−ZnCo2O4/NC NSs, and the commercial Lindlar catalysts, which demonstrate the huge potential for selective hydrogenation applications.
Water‐Stable, Eight‐electron Acceptor Drives Anion⋅⋅⋅Water Assisted Tunable Ionic Self‐Assembly and Proton Conduction
Authors: Shukla Jyoti , Bera Siba P. , Ajayakumar M. R. , Konar Sanjit , Mukhopadhyay Pritam
Published: June 2024

Organic π‐scaffolds are being envisaged for new‐age electron‐ and ion‐responsive materials that can accumulate electrons as well as transport proton. However, such systems are extremely rare as electron‐deficient scaffolds are unstable in aqueous solution. Here we detail the synthesis of a water‐stable core‐naphthalenediimide‐nitrobenzyl‐viologen based tetra‐cation, which accumulates up to eight‐electrons within an exceptionally narrow potential window of +0.05 V and −1.12 V. The supramolecular interactions and the ensuing ionic framework are tunable based on the three anions, e. g., Cl−, Br− and PF6−, that are investigated in this work. The ionic framework is formed and supported by a range of H‐bonds, in which, the nitro benzyl groups act as pillars connecting the 1D water‐tapes and the halide anions. The water molecules are hydrogen‐bonded with the halide anions and bestow a facile pathway for the proton conduction, with proton conductivity up to 3.19×10−3 S cm−1. In contrast, the ionic assembly formed by the lipophilic PF6− anions do not host the water tapes and consequently the proton conductivity is found to be four orders of magnitude lower. This is a unique example, whereby proton conductivity is realized and is tunable within a highly electron‐deficient, eight‐electron acceptor, water‐stable ionic supramolecular system.
ABNOH‐Linked Nucleotides and DNA for Bioconjugation and Cross‐linking with Tryptophan‐Containing Peptides and Proteins
Authors: Spampinato Ambra , Leone Denise‐Liu' , Pohl Radek , Tarábek Ján , Šoltysová Markéta , Polák Marek , Kádek Alan , Sýkorová Veronika , Řezáčová Pavlína , Hocek Michal
Published: June 2024

Reactive N‐hydroxy‐9‐azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (ABNOH) linked 2′‐deoxyuridine 5′‐O‐mono‐ and triphosphates were synthesized through a CuAAC reaction of ABNOH‐PEG4‐N3 with 5‐ethynyl‐dUMP or ‐dUTP. The modified triphosphate was used as substrate for enzymatic synthesis of modified DNA probes with KOD XL DNA polymerase. The keto‐ABNO radical reacted with tryptophan (Trp) and Trp‐containing peptides to form a stable tricyclic fused hexahydropyrrolo‐indole conjugates. Similarly modified ABNOH‐linked nucleotides reacted with Trp‐containing peptides to form a stable conjugate in the presence but surprisingly even in the absence of NaNO2 (presumably through activation by O2). The reactive ABNOH‐modified DNA probe was used for bioconjugations and crosslinking with Trp‐containing peptides or proteins.
Synthesis and Antitumour Evaluation of Tricyclic Indole‐2‐Carboxamides against Paediatric Brain Cancer Cells
Authors: John Hamilton Alexander , Lane Samuel , Werry Eryn L. , Suri Amreena , Bailey Anders W. , Mercé Clémentine , Kadolsky Ulrich , Payne Alan D. , Kassiou Michael , Sredni Simone Treiger , Saxena Alka , Gunosewoyo Hendra
Published: June 2024

Antitumour properties of some cannabinoids (CB) have been reported in the literature as early as 1970s, however there is no clear consensus to date on the exact mechanisms leading to cancer cell death. The indole‐based WIN 55,212‐2 and SDB‐001 are both known as potent agonists at both CB1 and CB2 receptors, yet we demonstrate herein that only the former can exert in vitro antitumour effects when tested against a paediatric brain cancer cell line KNS42. In this report, we describe the synthesis of novel 3,4‐fused tricyclic indoles and evaluate their functional potencies at both cannabinoid receptors, as well as their abilities to inhibit the growth or proliferation of KNS42 cells. Compared to our previously reported indole‐2‐carboxamides, these 3,4‐fused tricyclic indoles had either completely lost activities, or, showed moderate‐to‐weak antagonism at both CB1 and CB2 receptors. Compound 23 displayed the most potent antitumour properties among the series. Our results further support the involvement of non‐CB pathways for the observed antitumour activities of amidoalkylindole‐based cannabinoids, in line with our previous findings. Transcriptomic analysis comparing cells treated or non‐treated with compound 23 suggested the observed antitumour effects of 23 are likely to result mainly from disruption of the FOXM1‐regulated cell cycle pathways.
Using Fluorescent GAP Indicators to Monitor ER Ca2+
Authors: Rojo‐Ruiz Jonathan , Sánchez‐Rabadán Cinthia , Calvo Belen , García‐Sancho Javier , Alonso Maria Teresa
Published: June 2024

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the main reservoir of Ca2+ of the cell. Accurate and quantitative measuring of Ca2+ dynamics within the lumen of the ER has been challenging. In the last decade a few genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators have been developed, including a family of fluorescent Ca2+ indicators, dubbed GFP‐Aequorin Proteins (GAPs). They are based on the fusion of two jellyfish proteins, the green fluorescent protein (GFP) and the Ca2+‐binding protein aequorin. GAP Ca2+ indicators exhibit a combination of several features: they are excitation ratiometric indicators, with reciprocal changes in the fluorescence excited at 405 and 470 nm, which is advantageous for imaging experiments; they exhibit a Hill coefficient of 1, which facilitates the calibration of the fluorescent signal into Ca2+ concentrations; they are insensible to variations in the Mg2+ concentrations or pH variations (in the 6.5‐8.5 range); and, due to the lack of mammalian homologues, these proteins have a favorable expression in transgenic animals. A low Ca2+ affinity version of GAP, GAP3 (KD ≅ 489 µM), has been engineered to conform with the estimated [Ca2+] in the ER. GAP3 targeted to the lumen of the ER (erGAP3) can be utilized for imaging intraluminal Ca2+. The ratiometric measurements provide a quantitative method to assess accurate [Ca2+]ER, both dynamically and at rest. In addition, erGAP3 can be combined with synthetic cytosolic Ca2+ indicators to simultaneously monitor ER and cytosolic Ca2+. Here, we provide detailed methods to assess erGAP3 expression and to perform Ca2+ imaging, either restricted to the ER lumen, or simultaneously in the ER and the cytosol. © 2024 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Detection of erGAP3 in the ER by immunofluorescence

Basic Protocol 2: Monitoring ER Ca2+

Basic Protocol 3: Monitoring ER‐ and cytosolic‐Ca2+

Support Protocol: Generation of a stable cell line expressing erGAP3
A new method for selecting optimum levels in asymmetric Cascaded H‐Bridge‐Multilevel Inveter with variable DC sources
Authors: Venkataramanaiah J. , Yadav Gulshan , Balaji Jatoth , Suresh Y.
Published: June 2024

In general, cascaded H‐bridge multilevel inverters (CHB‐MLI) are typically operated with either symmetrical or asymmetrical input DC sources, set at predefined specific ratios such as binary (1:2) or trinary (1:3) in the case of asymmetry, to achieve the desired output voltage waveform. However, if any DC source fails to provide the predefined voltage magnitude, or CHB‐MLIs with unspecified DC source ratios are utilized, the output voltage waveform may exhibit unequal magnitudes between consecutive levels, thereby causing a significant increase in total harmonic distortion (THD). Conventionally, to mitigate this effect, the corresponding H‐bridge is bypassed through zero voltage switching, which leads to an additional burden on the remaining H‐bridges to serve the same load. To reduce the burden on the remaining cells and improve the THD profile of the inverter, this article proposes a novel method for CHB‐MLI with varying DC magnitudes. It aims to enhance the quality of the output voltage waveform by strategically selecting optimum voltage levels rather than utilizing all available levels when CHB‐MLI has unspecified or variable DC sources. This approach can achieve a more balanced distribution of voltage magnitudes across successive levels by eliminating redundant states. Moreover, the proposed technique can reduce switch losses and enhance the converter's efficiency. The proposed method is validated through MATLAB/Simulink software simulations, followed by experimental verification.