bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Breathless Men’
Authors: Prideaux Desirée
Published: January 2023

Chapter Seven identifies a group of male characters that stand in ironic counterpoint to Christie’s ‘Heroic Women’. Many of the stories describe male characters as being left ‘breathless’ by Marple’s prowess in detection. This chapter identifies these characters and conceptualises them as the ‘Breathless Men’ of Christie’s crime fiction. With support from the texts, this chapter demonstrates that Christie comically upsets confident narratives of masculinity by describing male characters in the limiting terms which are typically ascribed to women. Men are frequently represented as overly emotional, capricious, and even measured merely by their beauty. Male characters fall subject to humorous events, incongruous portrayals, and running jokes. These comic ploys function to prevent male ‘would-be’ detectives from intruding upon Marple’s investigation. Further, Christie’s breathless men are often portrayed as the admiring onlookers to her heroic women characters. From this narrative position, male characters are unable to participate fully in the investigations.
Christie’S ‘Rational Women’ and Common-Sense Dispersal of the Gothic
Authors: Prideaux Desirée
Published: January 2023

Chapter Eight explores Christie’s uses of gothic archetypes, storylines, and narrative devices in the portrayal and narrative placement of secondary women characters. Unlike the gothic heroines that precede them in literature, Christie’s female enquirers are not lost to supernatural confusion, despair, or madness. Rather, Christie creates rational women and places them in gothic situations which require them to function bravely and logically. Instead of being disoriented by the Gothic, women characters gain clarity through their otherworldly adventures, and they emerge from the stories with greater authority, credibility, and power. In Christie’s iterations of tales of inherited insanity and deceptive families, rational women learn to safely navigate the Gothic by grounding their fears in the rational world or by harnessing their intuition as a positive force. This chapter also uncovers a bravura use of the disguise principal which unsettles the Gothic whilst simultaneously bringing questions of gender and performance into play.
‘Breathless Men’
Authors: Prideaux Desirée
Published: January 2023

Chapter Nine revisits the ‘Breathless Men’ of Christie’s crime fiction. Research on literary strategies used by gothic writers to limit the agency of female characters is cited. These analyses are applied to Christie’s fiction to reveal similar narrative strategies which restrict the activities of male characters. Christie’s breathless men bear striking similarities to the heroines of gothic fiction. They are overly sensitive to their surroundings, easily overwhelmed by emotion, and incapacitated by their exposure to the Gothic. In further congruence with gothic heroines, male characters are not ceded textual power, and they do not manage to investigate crimes on their own. Instead, the stories unfold in such a way that the mystery may only be resolved by others. A series of episodes that occur at gothic moments in the Marple mysteries is also analysed. This chapter argues that they provide evidence of Christie’s stealthy engagements with gender, genre, and agency.
Dénouement
Authors: Prideaux Desirée
Published: January 2023

The Conclusion of this book mirrors the dénouement of a classic detective story. In fiction, the detective revisits suspects, retraces the steps of the investigation, and recalls the pertinent facts of the case. This sets the scene for the most powerful moment in crime fiction: the final revelation. At this point, the detective brings the pieces of the puzzle together in such a way that a previously hidden pattern emerges, and the only possible solution suddenly becomes clear. In the spirit of the clue-puzzle and Christie’s style, this concluding chapter also revisits the central questions, retraces the scholarly investigation, and reviews the facts that have emerged. The evidence that has accrued through each chapter is considered afresh, and the findings are brought together to reveal the Marple stories, and Christie, in a new light.
Thick Landscapes
Authors: Blatt Ari J.
Published: January 2023

Chapter Four examines work by Thierry Girard and Thibaut Cuisset, two photographers from the same generation whose work is especially illustrative of contemporary French photography’s penchant for exploring the interstices of the real. While each differs significantly in approach and aesthetic, both artists look beyond the material and posit the latent intelligence and sensuous potential that animate and enliven the seemingly static landscapes that they picture across the French countryside. While Girard’s 2012 series “Paysages insoumis” identifies sites in some of central France’s least populous regions as caches of memory and history, Cuisset’s “photographic campaigns” investigate how landscape elicits the photographer’s non-cognitive responses to what theorists have called the subtle “intensities” that quiver from within the places he encounters. Picturing these excentric topographies in these two distinct ways provides a novel alternative to iconic visions of French heritage, one that does not ascribe value to a site based on a national impulse to recognize and commemorate but, rather, derives meaning and value from local microhistories and “ordinary affects.”
‘Demand No Direr Name’: Eternity in British Romantic Poetry
Authors: Callaghan Madeleine
Published: January 2023

The introduction defines eternity in the context of this study, revealing the complex philosophical and religious underpinnings of the ideas during the Romantic period. It asserts the importance of eternity for an understanding of Romantic poetry, choosing examples from the poets included in this study and outlining the intellectual tradition (philosophical and religious, spanning the Bible, Plato, Plotinus, Kant, and others) drawn upon by the poets. The introduction explains the key principles for each poet’s inclusion in the study, and discusses the prevalence and significance of images of eternity in Romantic poetry before focusing upon the aesthetic and philosophical power of eternity in Romantic poetry. It claims that the featured poets are united through their emphasis that insight is not obtained through regurgitating doctrine or ideology that exists independently of the work. Rather, eternity is earned, line by line, in the poetry itself.
Afterword
Authors: Callaghan Madeleine
Published: January 2023

Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley, Keats, and Hemans, imagine, experiment with, and even reject eternity in their poetry. Each poet forges a distinctive relationship with eternity and their works achieve their most individual expressions when imagining or refusing the lure of eternity. The idea of a ‘new heavens and a new earth’ promised in Isaiah 65:17 and reworked in Revelation 21:1 as ‘a new heaven and a new earth’, offered each poet the inspiration to become a new, Romantic version, of the poet-prophet. The conclusion spotlights the diverse modes of imagining and conceptualising eternity as revealed in the poetry. Each poet makes fascinating capital out of the ‘possibility’ of eternity, from Shelleyan desire to Hemans’s nightmare of everlastingness.
Introduction
Authors: Gerrish Jennifer
Published: January 2023

The substantial introduction orients the reader to the historical and literary context of The Gallic War as well as to the complicated political and authorial career of Julius Caesar. The first section outlines Caesar’s early life, and his burgeoning political career. It then describes the background to the Gallic War, explaining that was not a single protracted war, but a series of conflicts and campaigns of varying magnitude, as well as later events involving the Triumvirate. The second section addresses Caesar as author, his output, style and the composition, purpose and publication of The Gallic War. A final section describes the events, themes and geography and ethnography of Books V and VI .
Chapter 1: “Upsetting the Applecart”: Concept and Genre
Authors: Towlson Jon
Published: January 2023

This chapter examines George A. Romero’s thought processes for Dawn of the Dead. His inspiration – directly or otherwise – for his initial trilogy of Dead films, including Dawn of the Dead, had been the novel I Am Legend, written in 1954 by Richard Matheson. The notion of a story in three parts may have come to Romero as his thinking on the Dead films and his allegorical use of apocalyptic horror developed over time. Romero saw the Dead films as allegory of a revolution coming into being in the form of a zombie society. Romero was working within – and to an extent challenging or subverting – the conventions of the apocalyptic horror film as identified by such critics as Susan Sontag, Charles Derry and Robin Wood. The chapter argues that Dawn of the Dead represents a rare and uncharacteristically optimistic response to social issues within the horror genre. Romero’s solution was to push Dawn of the Dead towards social satire and into areas of excess as he drove the concept to its logical conclusion.
Introduction – Into The Velvet Darkness
Authors: Haberman Steve
Published: January 2023

This chapter describes Corman’s rise from the producer-director of low budget, black and white genre movies for American International Pictures in the 1950s to the creator of a series of stylish, colour, anamorphic scope adaptations of Poe that were cinematically sophisticated and displayed Corman’s personal themes and techniques. It also chronicles the career and contribution of Corman’s main collaborator on the series, actor Vincent Price. Using interviews and screenplays, the study sets out to prove that their masterpiece, The Masque of the Red Death, and the entire Poe series were the result of Corman’s control and vision as director.
Production – Let the Masque Begin
Authors: Haberman Steve
Published: January 2023

The look and style of The Masque of the Red Death,which is very like that of the previous Poe films but made by Corman with a completely different crew, proves, if such proof is necessary, that the unique combination of directing techniques is consciously and completely Corman’s own. British cinematographer Nicolas Roeg moves his fluid camera in the same ways as American cinematographer Floyd Crosby, and the expressive use of saturated colours, deep focus, quick cut montages and postproduction opticals are consistent with Corman’s other Poe pictures.
Minority Report
Authors: Wilson D. Harlan
Published: January 2023

Charting new territory in filmmaking technologies and Steven Spielberg’s oeuvre, Minority Report portrays a dystopian near-future that comments on our increasingly science-fictional world and pays homage to the history of SF cinema. In this comprehensive monograph, D. Harlan Wilson recounts the film's inception, production, reception, and afterlife since its release in 2002 while depicting it as a symptom of contemporary media pathology, post-9/11 paranoia, consumer-capitalist aggression, religious mania, and above all, the screen culture that has come to define the human condition. At the same time, Wilson explores the many self-reflexive flourishes that render the movie a commentary on Spielberg’s style and the precession of the SF genre.
Mother's Milk and Male Fantasy in Nineteenth-Century French Narrative
Authors: Algazi Marcus Lisa
Published: January 2023

Should all mothers breast-feed their children? This question remains controversial in the twenty-first century. In a 2010 interview with the newspaper Liberation,feminist philosopher Elisabeth Badinter claimed that the pressure to breast-feed signified “a reduction of woman to the status of an animal species, as though we were all female chimpanzees.” The debate over maternal nursing held even more urgency before 1900, when pasteurization finally began to provide a safe and affordable alternative to hiring a wet nurse. While scholars of literary criticism and art history have described the abundance of breast-feeding imagery following the publication of Rousseau’s Emilein 1762, little has been written on its manifestations in the nineteenth century. Despite an ongoing propaganda campaign to encourage mothers to nurse, reflected in such diverse sources as medical theses, paintings, and fictional cautionary tales, French mothers continued to entrust their infants to wet nurses more often and for longer than was the norm in other European countries throughout the nineteenth century and well into the twentieth. Representations of the maternal breast in literature and the arts, meanwhile, reflected in most cases the fantasies of the mostly male authors who created them, rather than the lived experience of contemporary women. This book examines the origins and meaning of representations of breast-feeding in French literature and culture from the French Revolution to the dawn of the twentieth century.
Conclusion
Authors: Marcus Lisa Algazi
Published: January 2023

At the dawn of the twentieth century, the maternal breast lost its fascination as new technologies such as pasteurization made it possible to feed infants safely without relying on breast milk. With this shift, and the resulting end of the wet-nursing industry, representations of the breast became less maternal and more sexual, ending the cycle of male fantasies of mother’s milk.
Twenty-First-Century Symbolism
Authors: Lübecker Nikolaj
Published: January 2023

How do the writings of Baudelaire, Verlaine and Mallarmé speak to our time? Why should we continue to read these poets today? How might a contemporary reading of their poetry differ from readings delivered in previous centuries? 21st Century Symbolism argues that Baudelaire, Verlaine and Mallarmé prefigure a view of human subjectivity that is appropriate for our times: we cannot be separated from the worlds in which we live and evolve; human beings both mediate and are mediations of the environments we traverse and that traverse us, whether these are natural, urban, linguistic or technological environments. The ambition of the book is therefore twofold: on the one hand, it aims to offer new readings of the three poets, demonstrating their continued relevance for contemporary debates, putting them into dialogue with a philosophical corpus that has not yet played a role in the study of 19th century French poetry; on the other, the book relies on the three poets to establish an understanding of human subjectivity that is in tune with our 21st century concerns.
Mallarmé – Becoming Individu-Livre
Authors: Lübecker Nikolaj
Published: January 2023

Beginning with a contextual reading of the prose-text ‘Le Livre, instrument spirituel’, this chapter argues that Mallarmé (like Baudelaire and Verlaine) understands reading and writing as a practice through which we mediate our relation to the world. This can also be seen in the pedagogical material which Mallarmé put together as an English teacher (L’Anglais récréatif): students were meant to play their way to an understanding of the English language and themselves. The chapter then suggests that the famous ‘Notes en vue du « Livre »’ can be understood as an ambitious version of such game-design. The aim of this game was to make book, world and human beings align in a process of shared unfolding. In this manner, Mallarmé emerges as a contemporary and radically ecological writer, defiantly dreaming about how fiction can help to align humans and their environments.
The Paintings of Walter Hemming in the German Maritime Museum: Contextualising Conformity with the National Socialist Regime
Authors: Parak Gisela
Published: January 2023

This chapter discusses the oeuvre of the German artist, Walter Hemming (1894-1979), as representative of the now poorly regarded maritime art which promoted Adolf Hilter’s Nazi ideology. Hemming’s paintings of shipyards and navy deckhands are examined and argued to be emblematic of the Nazi concept of ‘Volksgemeinschaft’ (people envisioned as a community of labour). Whilst visual representations of the ‘peasant’, the ‘soldier’ and the ‘miner’ abounded in Nazi-era Germany, naval deckhands never gained the same interest, and so naval images of the period have hitherto been overlooked. The chapter also questions how museums, such as the German Maritime Museum in Bremerhaven, should manage the burden placed upon their collections by the inclusion of sensitive propagandistic art works such as Walter Hemming’s.
Illuminating the History of the Training Ship HMS Conway through Stained Glass Windows
Authors: Turnbull Wayne
Published: January 2023

Wayne Turnbull demonstrates that the stained glass windows in the Scriptorium at Birkenhead Priory, Merseyside, illustrate the story of HMS Conway- a naval cadet training ship of the nineteenth century. The illuminated windows preserve and celebrate the history of the ship through art and provide an effective medium for contemporary audiences to learn about the ship and also about the training which was provided for nineteenth century sea cadets. The images in glass illustrate and evaluate the contribution to seafarers’ education made by the training ship movement in the Victorian era. Turnbull also explores the concept that British fascination with the sea was compounded by the ‘Cult’ of Admiral Nelson and that this prepared the British nation for an enhanced appreciation of the sea. Therefore, the chapter examines the formation of nationalism and imperialist thinking in Great Britain in the nineteenth century.
Introduction
Authors: Smyth Patricia
Published: January 2023

The ‘problem’ of Delaroche is introduced. The apparent ‘transparency’ of his work lay at the heart of his popularity with the newly expanded, more socially diverse Salon public of the early nineteenth century, on whom his pictures were observed to have a sensational effect. However, this quality has been central to Delaroche’s problematic status in the discipline of art history, which approaches works of art through technical analysis of stylistic influences and iconographical appropriations. Revisionist scholarship seeking to assert Delaroche’s place in the history of Western art has effectively steered the discussion away from the ‘reality effect’ of the works, the very quality at the centre of the artist’s popularity with nineteenth-century spectators. The concept of ‘remediation’ is introduced as a way to approach the immediacy of Delaroche’s painting and its relationship to other forms such as stage spectacle.
Afterlives and Legacies: Delaroche’s Modernity
Authors: Smyth Patricia
Published: January 2023

This chapter considers the modernity of Delaroche’s painting, examining his work and its legacy through the theory of remediation. The ‘reality effect’ of Jane Grey and the Duc de Guise is argued to rest on the way in which they absorb, revise, and ‘improve upon’ well-known images. The work of artists operating in this mode lends itself to further, on-going remediation in variations, theatrical realisations, optical entertainments, early film, and virtual reality attractions. Comparable strategies are identified and explored in the work of a range of nineteenth-century artists, including Delaroche’s pupil Gérôme. A coda examines the afterlives of Young Christian Martyr, which was appropriated in a diverse range of contexts including, it is argued, Boucicault’s sensation drama, The Colleen Bawn.
Fictional Labor
Authors: Baek Jiewon
Published: January 2023

This book advocates for the ethically formative labor that fiction accomplishes. As a force of production, the fictional labor of literature and the visual arts shapes the formation of collective meaning in an era marked by the negligence of social, financial, and environmental responsibility. As neoliberalism’s hegemony since the 1980s has intensified through the proliferation of digital technologies in the 21st century, considering works of creative art as an ethically productive force is a necessary complement to political and economic critiques. The book invites readers to rethink how mutations in the production, circulation, and consumption of literary and visual materials are implicated in the commodification of information and attention for private gain. The link can have a positive effect that transforms the social relation from a capitalist ethos that expends life for profit to an alterity-driven ethos that defends life. But remedying the paucity of moral sentiments of social existence requires fictional labor to generate ethical sensibilities, cares, desires, and wills. The book’s close analyses demonstrate the aesthetic and formal aspects of literary and visual art that mediate between social relations to yield a dependence alterity, including the otherness of a precarious present, a menacing future beyond economic mastery, and an environment enmeshed with living beings and things.
Surplus-Word
Authors: Baek Jiewon
Published: January 2023

Leslie Kaplan’s and François Bon’s literary productions span the period from the early 1980s to the expansion of YouTube and social media. Based on their works, Chapter One’s cross-media study considers the economics of cultural production in relation to industrial and immaterial labors. The study gives a nuanced account of literature’s implication in cognitive capitalism, which reproduces affective, creative, and intellectual capacities in the digital common. As a productive force, the fictional labor of literature yields an ethical sensibility that mediates between the stifling reality of capital social relations and visions of a postcapitalist common. The “surplus-word” is an interpretive tool for conceptualizing this mediation of embodied lives that are neither reducible to capitalist social relations nor sublated by the common. The chapter’s close analyses elucidate how literature partakes in the current political economy as a form of labor, which introduces a methodologically and conceptually novel alternative to treating literature as representational.
Sous -mission and the Mission Civilisatrice : Houellebecq’s Parody of Decadence and Empire
Authors: Humphreys Jenai Engelhard
Published: January 2023

Recalling Marx’s dictum that history enacts itself ‘the first time as tragedy, the second time as farce’, Michel Houellebecq’s 2015 novel Soumission can be read as a double farce: one political, one literary. The first parodies the mission civilisatrice in the ‘sous-mission’ to the loss of France’s standing as Empire, and its farcical conversion to Islam by means of a sham Napoleon. Rather than a symbol of alterity or a tapestry of decadent exoticism, Houellebecq’s caricatured version of Islam becomes a means to attain the same bourgeois comforts that the nineteenth-century decadents decried. The second parodies literary decadence in the conversion of the decadent extremes of J. K. Huysmans’ À Rebours into the soumission of Houellebecq’s literature of banal neutrality. That is, the novel’s ‘neutralized decadence’ lacks the traditional descent into degeneration: it is a straight line involving no euphoric ascents — Mallarmé’s nouvelles ivresses — and no Baudelairian descentes aux enfers. This infinite flatness reveals the disturbing implication behind the novel’s last line, which evokes a ‘neutral’ state of having ‘rien à regretter’, implying that there is nothing more to lose.
Gender, Decadence and Orientalism in Jane Dieulafoy’s Journal de fouilles and Parysatis
Authors: Hartley Julia Caterina
Published: January 2023

This chapter explores how concerns with decadence come to the fore in fin-de-siècle France’s relationship with gender, antiquity, and the Orient. It focuses on two works by Jane Dieulafoy, an archaeologist, Iran expert, and women’s activist who wrote at the intersection of the hierarchies of patriarchy and Orientalism. The first is the published illustrated dig diary of the archaeological search of the site of the ancient city of Susa, whose finds are still exhibited today at the Louvre. The second is a historical novel set in ancient Susa, centred on the most infamous queen from Persian history: Parysatis, the mother of Artaxerxes II and Cyrus the Younger. Both Dieulafoy’s diary and her novel portray an opposition between Europe and the Middle-East, with the latter being described as a site of decadence. The novel’s ancient Persian setting, however, is also a device for commenting on gender politics in fin-de-siècle France.
Introduction
Authors: Panaite Oana
Published: January 2023

Necrofiction is defined and situated in relation to other contemporary literary forms such as trauma writing (Caruth), filiation narratives and field or documentary literature (Viart), biofiction and restaurative fiction (Gefen), historical inquiry (Jablonka), and authotanatography (Weinmann). Drawing on Pierre Nora’s work on realms of memory, François Hartog’s examination of presentism, and, more importantly, Achille Mbembe’s theorization of necropolitics, the introduction lays the conceptual and contextual framework for understanding the singularity of writing on death and the dead as a defining feature of the ethos of contemporary fiction. Writers use this genre as a form of literary action through a polemical and creative dialogue with other forms memorialization such as family genealogy, historical writing, and official national, ethnic, or religious discourses. Necrofiction often challenges the social, cultural, and political assertions of these non-literary forms in the name of a personal, intimate, lived engagement with death, the dead, and their legacy. Necrofiction seeks to instil meaning into the symbolic body of the dead but, in so doing, is always on the verge of erasing their radical difference and taming their alterity. This contemporary form allows writers to reclaim a representational regime of fiction that can recover from the semiotic and ethical paralysis of trauma writing while also testing literature’s ability to account for the lived experience of death.
Haunting
Authors: Panaite Oana
Published: January 2023

In Patrick Modiano’s Dora Bruder (1997), the random finding of a teenager’s name in a World War II-era newspaper by a narrator who both obsessively identifies with her through personal and familial experiences and relentlessly probes the temporal gap that separates them leads to a hybrid text: neither entirely fictional nor claiming archival legitimacy, it relies both on documentary evidence and imagined scenarios of the past. The 2014 Nobel-award winner’s narrative exhibits features common to the historiographic novel or “roman d’archives,” inviting comparisons with other major publications in the field of Holocaust or World War II fiction. However, in contrast to these texts, writing represents for Modiano simultaneously a contestation of Dora’s erasure from collective memory and a ceremonial act honoring her untimely disappearance in the horrors of the Holocaust, in other words a “hauntology” (Derrida).
Introduction
Authors: Rosman Moshe
Published: January 2023

This introductory chapter provides the background context for this book, beginning with the author's early studies into Polish Jewry. It explores the history of the Jews living in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. In doing so, the chapter constructs a metanarrative or metahistory — that is, an interpretation of the larger meaning of the narrative leading to a framework of beliefs about the history being researched. Afterward, the chapter attempts to characterize the author's overall contribution to the formation of both the new narrative and the new metanarrative. To that end, the chapter briefly presents the culmination of such researches, including The Lords' Jews: Magnate–Jewish Relations in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth during the Eighteenth Century and Founder of Hasidism: A Quest for the Historical Ba'al Shem Tov.
A New Scholarly Foundation
Authors: Rosman Moshe
Published: January 2023

This chapter shows how historians of Polish Jewry formulated their representation of what occurred, under the influence of both their own experience and the expectations of their audience. Israelis of the Israel state-building era emphasised Polish Jewish autonomy and the political institutions of Polish Jewry. Their diasporan counterparts said little about this dimension of Polish Jewish life, which some had accused of constituting a ‘state within a state’. Historians born in Poland before the Second World War tended to view the interwar period as overshadowed by antisemitism and the Jews' struggle for rights denied them. Those born somewhat later, in other countries, called attention to the wider ‘structural’ context which, in their view, created more of a conflict of interests — still a conflict — than a nefarious campaign targeting the Jews. This chapter also provides the author's own perspective, coloured by an American upbringing which made the story of the proto-democratic Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth quite attractive.
The Question of the Jews in the Constitution of the Third of May
Authors: Rosman Moshe
Published: January 2023

This chapter returns to the issue of how the Jews' political status might be determined. It also delves into Jewish attitudes towards attempts to reconstitute the Polish polity. In addition, the chapter develops the idea that actual Jewish status was, to a degree, a function of the interaction of two classes of documents that represent differing approaches: privileges issued by kings and nobles versus pacts agreed upon between Jews and Christian town councils. The former were designed to secure and expand Jewish presence and activity; the latter were intended to contain the Jews and minimise their intrusion into non-Jewish life. At base, this was the choice confronted by the Four Year Sejm.
EDAS METHOD FOR MULTIPLE ATTRIBUTE GROUP DECISION MAKING WITH PROBABILISTIC DUAL HESITANT FUZZY INFORMATION AND ITS APPLICATION TO SUPPLIERS SELECTION
Authors: Ning Baoquan , Lin Rui , Wei Guiwu , Chen Xudong
Published: January 2023

Probabilistic dual hesitant fuzzy set (PDHFS) is a more powerful and important tool to describe uncertain information regarded as generalization of hesitant fuzzy set (HFS) and dual HFS (DHFS), not only reflects the hesitant attitude of decision-makers (DMs), but also reflects the probability information of DMs. Score function of fuzzy number and weighting method are very important in multi-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) issues. In many fuzzy environments, the score function and entropy measure have been proposed one after another. Firstly, based on the detailed analysis of the existed score function of PDHF element (PDHFE) and with the help of previous references, we build a novel score function for PDHFE. Secondly, a combined weighting method is built based on the minimum identification information principle by fusing PDHF entropy and Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC) method. Thirdly, a novel PDHF MAGDM approach (PDHF-EDAS) is built by extending evaluation based on distance from average solution (EDAS) approach to the PDHF environment to solve the issue that the decision attribute information is PDHFE. Finally, the practicability and effectiveness of the PDHF MAGDM technique is verified by suppliers selection (SS) and comparing analysis with existing methods.
The Colorado Ultraviolet Transit Experiment Mission Overview
Authors: France Kevin , Fleming Brian , Egan Arika , Desert Jean-Michel , Fossati Luca , Koskinen Tommi T. , Nell Nicholas , Petit Pascal , Vidotto Aline A. , Beasley Matthew , DeCicco Nicholas , Sreejith Aickara Gopinathan , Suresh Ambily , Baumert Jared , Cauley P. Wilson , D’Angelo Carolina Villarreal , Hoadley Keri , Kane Robert , Kohnert Richard , Lambert Julian , Ulrich Stefan
Published: January 2023

Atmospheric escape is a fundamental process that affects the structure, composition, and evolution of many planets. The signatures of escape are detectable on close-in, gaseous exoplanets orbiting bright stars, owing to the high levels of extreme-ultraviolet irradiation from their parent stars. The Colorado Ultraviolet Transit Experiment (CUTE) is a CubeSat mission designed to take advantage of the near-ultraviolet stellar brightness distribution to conduct a survey of the extended atmospheres of nearby close-in planets. The CUTE payload is a magnifying near-ultraviolet (2479–3306 Å) spectrograph fed by a rectangular Cassegrain telescope (206 mm × 84 mm); the spectrogram is recorded on a back-illuminated, UV-enhanced CCD. The science payload is integrated into a 6U Blue Canyon Technology XB1 bus. CUTE was launched into a polar, low-Earth orbit on 2021 September 27 and has been conducting this transit spectroscopy survey following an on-orbit commissioning period. This paper presents the mission motivation, development path, and demonstrates the potential for small satellites to conduct this type of science by presenting initial on-orbit science observations. The primary science mission is being conducted in 2022–2023, with a publicly available data archive coming online in 2023.
Small-scale Magnetic Flux Ropes in Stream Interaction Regions from Parker Solar Probe and Wind Spacecraft Observations
Authors: Chen Yu , Hu Qiang , Allen Robert C. , Jian Lan K.
Published: January 2023

Using in situ measurements from the Parker Solar Probe and Wind spacecraft, we investigate the small-scale magnetic flux ropes (SFRs) and their properties inside stream interaction regions (SIRs). Within SIRs from ∼0.15 to 1 au, SFRs are found to exist in a wide range of solar wind speeds with more frequent occurrences after the stream interface, and the Alfvénicity of these structures decreases significantly with increasing heliocentric distances. Furthermore, we examine the variation of five corresponding SIRs from the same solar sources. The enhancements of suprathermal electrons within these SIRs persist at 1 au and are observed multiple times. An SFR appears to occur repeatedly with the recurring SIRs and is traversed by the Wind spacecraft at least twice. This set of SFRs has similarities in variations of the magnetic field components, plasma bulk properties, density ratio of solar wind alpha and proton particles, and unidirectional suprathermal electrons. We also show, through the detailed time-series plots and Grad–Shafranov reconstruction results, that they possess the same chirality and carry comparable amounts of magnetic flux. Lastly, we discuss the possibility for these recurring SFRs to be formed via interchange reconnection, maintain the connection with the Sun, and survive up to 1 au.
Galaxy Spin Classification. I. Z-wise versus S-wise Spirals with the Chirality Equivariant Residual Network
Authors: Jia 贾 He 赫 , Zhu 朱 Hong-Ming 弘明 , Pen 彭 Ue-Li 威禮
Published: January 2023

The angular momentum of galaxies (galaxy spin) contains rich information about the initial condition of the universe, yet it is challenging to efficiently measure the spin direction for the tremendous amount of galaxies that are being mapped by ongoing and forthcoming cosmological surveys. We present a machine-learning-based classifier for the Z-wise versus S-wise spirals, which can help to break the degeneracy in the galaxy spin direction measurement. The proposed chirality equivariant residual network (CE-ResNet) is manifestly equivariant under a reflection of the input image, which guarantees that there is no inherent asymmetry between the Z-wise and S-wise probability estimators. We train the model with Sloan Digital Sky Survey images, with the training labels given by the Galaxy Zoo 1 project. A combination of data augmentation techniques is used during the training, making the model more robust to be applied to other surveys. We find an ∼30% increase in both types of spirals when Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) images are used for classification, due to the better imaging quality of DESI. We verify that the ∼7σ difference between the numbers of Z-wise and S-wise spirals is due to human bias, since the discrepancy drops to <1.8σ with our CE-ResNet classification results. We discuss the potential systematics relevant to future cosmological applications.
Inner Habitable Zone Boundary for Eccentric Exoplanets
Authors: Ji 纪 Xuan 璇 , Bailey Nora , Fabrycky Daniel , Kite Edwin S. , Jiang Jonathan H. , Abbot Dorian S.
Published: January 2023

The climate of a planet can be strongly affected by its eccentricity due to variations in the stellar flux. There are two limits for the dependence of the inner habitable zone boundary (IHZ) on eccentricity: (1) the mean stellar flux approximation (

S

IHZ

∝

1
−

e

2

), in which the temperature is approximately constant throughout the orbit, and (2) the maximum stellar flux approximation (S
IHZ ∝ (1 − e)2), in which the temperature adjusts instantaneously to the stellar flux. Which limit is appropriate is determined by the dimensionless parameter

Π
=

C

BP

, where C is the heat capacity of the planet, P is the orbital period, and

B
=

∂
Ω

∂

T

s

, where Ω is the outgoing long-wave radiation and T

s
is the surface temperature. We use the Buckingham Π theorem to derive an analytical function for the IHZ in terms of eccentricity and Π. We then build a time-dependent energy balance model to resolve the surface temperature evolution and constrain our analytical result. We find that Π must be greater than about ∼1 for the mean stellar flux approximation to be nearly exact and less than about ∼0.01 for the maximum stellar flux approximation to be nearly exact. In addition to assuming a constant heat capacity, we also consider the effective heat capacity including latent heat (evaporation and precipitation). We find that for planets with an Earthlike ocean, the IHZ should follow the mean stellar flux limit for all eccentricities. This work will aid in the prioritization of potentially habitable exoplanets with nonzero eccentricity for follow-up characterization.
Linear scaling – negative effects of invasive Spiraea tomentosa (Rosaceae) on wetland plants and pollinator communities
Authors: Wiatrowska Blanka , Kurek Przemysław , Moroń Dawid , Celary Waldemar , Chrzanowski Artur , Trzciński Paweł , Piechnik Łukasz
Published: January 2023

Invasive plants directly and indirectly disrupt the ecosystem functioning, of which indirect effects, for example, through trophic cascades, are particularly difficult to predict. It is frequently assumed that the impact of an invading species on the ecosystem is proportional (linearly related) to its density or abundance in a habitat, but this assumption has rarely been tested. We hypothesised that abundance and richness of plants and potentially pollinators of wet meadows change as a result of invasion of steeplebush Spiraea tomentosa and that these changes are proportional to the density of the shrub. We selected 27 sites amongst wet meadows habitats invaded by S. tomentosa with coverage ranging from 0% to 100% and examined the diversity of plants, as well as the abundance and diversity of flower visitors (bees, butterflies with moths and flies). Our results showed that the richness of plants, as well as the richness and number of individuals of flower visitors, decrease significantly and linearly with an increase of the S. tomentosa cover. This finding supports the hypothesis that the impact of an invasive species can be proportional to their population density, especially if this species is limiting the available resources without supplying others. Our study is the first to show such an unequivocal negative, linear effect of an invasive shrub on the abundance and richness of potential pollinators. It proves that the negative impact of S. tomentosa on the wetland ecosystem appears even with a minor coverage of the invader, which should be taken into account when planning activities aimed at controlling the population of this transformer species. The simultaneously detected linear dependence allows us to assume that the benefits of controlling secondary populations of the shrub can be proportional to the incurred effort.
A new species of the genus Cephalodella (Rotifera, Monogononta) from Korea, with reports of four additional cephalodellid species
Authors: Yang Hee-Min , Min Gi-Sik
Published: January 2023

A new monogonont rotifer, Cephalodella binoculatasp. nov., was described from a soil sample collected in Korea. The new species is morphologically similar to C. carina but is distinguished by having two frontal eyespots, a vitellarium with eight nuclei, and the shape of its fulcrum. We also described four other cephalodellid species collected in Korea; Cephalodella auriculata, C. catellina, C. gracilis, and C. tinca. Of these four species, C. gracilis and C. tinca were newly recorded in Korea. We provided the morphological characteristics of the five Cephalodella species along with photographs of trophi observed with a scanning electron microscope. Furthermore, we provided the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene sequences of the five species.
IoT-Based Smart Farming
Authors: Singh Pawan Kumar
Published: January 2023

Internet of things (IOT) is a rising technology, having become very popular with the rise of wearable devices. IOT based infrastructure provides connectivity to everything, and not just humans. With affordable wireless high speed internet connectivity, IOT is playing measurable roles in various industries and changing the way it has been traditionally. Agriculture is also not untouched by IOT enabled solutions, which automates several process and captures more accurate data about the climate, soil, crop, livestock, and inventory with the help of connected sensors, drones, etc., to help farmers. With more data, farmers predict more accurately about adverse climate changes and can make better decisions in real time to save losses and optimize farm yield. IOT based solutions in agriculture enable scientists and farmers to understand and innovate the farming techniques for growing food demand for a rapidly growing human population.
Wavelets in Boundary Integral Equation
Authors: Bayjja Mohamed , Zbitou Jamal , El Oualkadi Ahmed
Published: January 2023

Wavelet transforms and wavelet bases are widely used for analyzing and solving problems related to science and engineering techniques. This growth is mainly due to specific properties that result from decompositions on wavelet bases. In this chapter, the authors propose the electromagnetic modeling of wire antennas by two different methods: the method of moment's procedure matching point and the moments-wavelets method for solving the integral equation and modeling the characteristics of each structure. A detailed reminder on wavelet theory: definition, multi-resolution analysis, different families, wavelet properties, and use of wavelet bases in the method of moments. In the second part, the dipole antenna, loop antenna, and helix antenna are examined in order to demonstrate the advantages of MoM-wavelets compared to the method of moments with the traditional bases.
Phased Millimeter-Wave Antenna Array for 5G Handled Devices
Authors: Jebabli Emna , Hayouni Mohamed , Choubani Fethi
Published: January 2023

In this chapter, the authors present the fundamental theory behind microstrip antenna array design and beamforming. Thus, design and simulation of low profile microstrip phased arrays for 5G applications will be discussed. It will be organized as follows: In Section 2, the 5G mobile network frequency spectrums will be discussed. In Section 3, the authors will explore the recent trends and developments on the main used techniques in systemic designs of low-profile antenna arrays followed by their investigations on some mm-wave antenna arrays. Next, in Section 4, fundamental theory behind phased antenna array, followed by some simulation results, will be presented and discussed. Finally, in Section 5, a conclusion highlighting the advantages of some techniques will be presented.
Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Pyramidal Horn Arrays Design Using Analytical Techniques
Authors: You Kok Yeow , Sim Man Seng , Hamid Fandi
Published: January 2023

This chapter describes the design and modeling of horn-based phased-array antennas using analytical approaches. Phased-array antennas are important devices for 5G wireless technologies since their radiation patterns can be reinforced in the desired direction and provide high directivity, which can be suppressed in the undesired direction. In this chapter, analytical analysis has been used for single horn element design. Various analytical formulations proposed by previous researchers were comprehensively reviewed. Once a single horn element has been designed, N number of horn elements were arranged in a 2D array to become a horn-based phased-array antenna. The universal antenna factor formula was used to model the phased-array antenna. The uncertainty of the antenna factor formula was studied since the formula has not mentioned which type of antenna element is suitable to be implemented. The calculated and simulated gain and radiation patterns for the horn-based phased-array antenna obtained from the analytical formula and commercial EM simulator were compared and analyzed.
Antenna Array for Reconfigurations
Authors: Dwivedi Smrity
Published: January 2023

A reconfigurable antenna is an antenna having a capability to modify its properties dynamically in a controlled and reversible manner. The need for multi-functional (e.g., direction finding beam steering, radar, control, and command), high-performance, and cost-effective devices within a confined volume place a greater burden on today's transmitting and receiving systems. So, reconfiguring an antenna is achieved through deliberately changing its frequency, polarization, or radiation characteristics. Many techniques are to achieve this change by redistributing antenna currents and thus altering the electromagnetic fields of the antenna's effective aperture, thereby adapting to changes in system requirements (i.e., enhanced bandwidth, changes in operating frequency, polarization, and radiation pattern). This concept can significantly reduce the number of components, hardware complexity, and cost of the systems. The chapter represents advancement on multipurpose antennas having different applications in communication, broad banding, and detection.
MIMO Radar Systems
Authors: Hefnawi Mostafa , Benyahia Zakaria , Aboulfatah Mohamed , Abdelmounim Elhassane , Gadi Taoufiq
Published: January 2023

Unlike traditional phased-array radars that need successive scans to cover the entire field of view, MIMO radar transmits orthogonal waveforms from each antenna element simultaneously, allowing the illumination of all targets at once. Also, better detection performance and a high spatial resolution can be obtained using all the components extracted by the matched filters. MIMO radar systems can detect the range, angle, and doppler of the targets, using traditional techniques such as the fast fourier transform (FFT), the multiple signal classifier (MUSIC), and the minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR). On the other hand, deep learning (DL) techniques have been proposed for MIMO radar systems as an alternative to traditional techniques that are computationally expensive and very sensitive to clutters and interferences. This chapter presents the performance of MIMO radar systems in a cluttered environment using both conventional and DL techniques.
Design of a Waveguide Bandpass Filter for Satellite Applications
Authors: Aghanim Amina , Lasri Rafik , Oulhaj Otman
Published: January 2023

The design of microwave filters is a critical issue in the modernistic sphere of microwave engineering, especially waveguide technology. It has known an up growth in the last few decades for its significant addition in many distinct microwave applications, especially in the implementation phase of RF and microwave filters, despite the fact that this technology is not suitable for operations at low frequencies due to its expanded dimensions, that it is not fitting by reason of size, cost, and flexibility. In this chapter, the authors present a brief state of the art about RF and microwave filters, considering the types, the characteristics of these devices, and the presentation of results of two conceptions and simulations results of a bandpass filter dedicated for a satellite application and a waveguide with resonators and tuning screws for a mobile communication application to show and present the effect of tuning screws on the response of a microwave filter.