bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic insight into eukaryotic 60S ribosomal subunit biogenesis by cryo-electron microscopy
Authors: Greber Basil J.
Published: October 2016

Eukaryotic ribosomes, the protein-producing factories of the cell, are composed of four ribosomal RNA molecules and roughly 80 proteins. Their biogenesis is a complex process that involves more than 200 biogenesis factors that facilitate the production, modification, and assembly of ribosomal components and the structural transitions along the maturation pathways of the pre-ribosomal particles. Here, I review recent structural and mechanistic insights into the biogenesis of the large ribosomal subunit that were furthered by cryo-electron microscopy of natively purified pre-60S particles and in vitro reconstituted ribosome assembly factor complexes. Combined with biochemical, genetic, and previous structural data, these structures have provided detailed insights into the assembly and maturation of the central protuberance of the 60S subunit, the network of biogenesis factors near the ribosomal tunnel exit, and the functional activation of the large ribosomal subunit during cytoplasmic maturation.
Preface
Authors: Dogoriti Eleftheria , Vyzas Theodoros
Published: October 2016

No abstract
Community Interpreting in the Context of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Jurida Sanel Hadžiahmetović , Pavlović Tanja
Published: October 2016

The present paper surveys the development and the current position of community interpreting (CI) in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), by providing an insight into the emergence of this “out of necessity” concept. The paper is a reflection of the origins and major features of the profession, from the perspective of active participants in this process. Since the research in this field practically does not exist in BiH, the paper attempts to highlight the fundamentals of the profession, fields of practice, professional organizations and training opportunities. The paper portrays the historical background
of CI in the context of BiH, trying to capture the interpreting activities and the accompanying practicalities both in the conflict (1992-1995) and post-conflict periods. CI in BiH is mainly performed my semi- and non-professionals, due to the fact that education and training institutions for community interpreters are traditionally non-existent in this country. The paper brings a historical
paradigm into the emergence of the interpreting profession and its inherently embedded international character in BiH. The study of CI may not have such a long tradition as other disciplines, but has immensely gained in popularity in recent decades, particularly in the context of ever-growing interest
by scholars. The paper follows these recent global trends aiming at contributing to a more comprehensive research in the field in the context of BiH, highlighting the importance of CI in the evolving society challenged by the newly-emerging social phenomena.
Elucidating genomic gaps using phenotypic profiles
Authors: Cuevas Daniel A. , Garza Daniel , Sanchez Savannah E. , Rostron Jason , Henry Chris S. , Vonstein Veronika , Overbeek Ross A. , Segall Anca , Rohwer Forest , Dinsdale Elizabeth A. , Edwards Robert A.
Published: October 2016

Advances in genomic sequencing provide the ability to model the metabolism of organisms from their genome annotation. The bioinformatics tools developed to deduce gene function through homology-based methods are dependent on public databases; thus, novel discoveries are not readily extrapolated from current analysis tools with a homology dependence. Multi-phenotype Assay Plates (MAPs) provide a high-throughput method to profile bacterial phenotypes by growing bacteria in various growth conditions, simultaneously. More robust and accurate computational models can be constructed by coupling MAPs with current genomic annotation methods.PMAnalyzeris an online tool that analyzes bacterial growth curves from the MAP system which are then used to optimize metabolic models duringin silicogrowth simulations. UsingCitrobacter sedlakiias a prototype, the Rapid Annotation using Subsystem Technology (RAST) tool produced a model consisting of 1,367 enzymatic reactions. After the optimization, 44 reactions were added to, or modified within, the model. The model correctly predicted the outcome on 93% of growth experiments.
The Main Factors of Production of the Fifth and Sixth Techno-Economic Paradigms in Modern Russia
Authors: Басовская  , Basovskaya Elena , Басовский  , Basovskiy Leonid
Published: October 2016

The purpose of this study was to obtain estimates of the spread of the new

techno-economic paradigm in the Russian economy and the identification

of factors of production of new paradigms. We used econometric estimates of the

productivity of technical and economic paradigms. It is possible to determine

the contribution of the new — the fifth and sixth paradigms in per capita GDP

of Russia. In today’s economy a significant part of Russian per capita income —

Not less than 220–240 thousand rubles, provided by the fifth and sixth paradigms.

The main factors determining the contribution to 84% of new paradigms in per

capita GDP, are new technologies and human capital. New technologies are

implemented through the use of new fixed assets. The corresponding five and

six paradigms of human capital measured by the share of employed workers with

higher education.
Kondratieff Waves and Technological Modes in Australia`s Economy
Authors: Левкина  , Levkina Nataliya
Published: October 2016

The article presents the results of the analysis of Australia`s economic dynamics in order to determine the time of beginning of Kondratieff waves and origin of new technological modes and their productivity. The regression analysis of the time series of Australia real per capita GDP for the period from 1820 to 2008 allowed to determine the date of beginning of the third, fourth and fifth half-waves of Kondratieff cycles and the date of origin of the fourth, fifth and sixth technological modes in Australia`s economy. The results of the analysis showed that the origin of the fourth technological mode in Australia`s economy occurred in the late XIX century, the fifth — in the 1950s, the sixth — in the late XX century. The modeling of technological modes` productivity allowed determining the productivity of relict and modern technological modes in the economy of Australia. The results showed that the productivity of relict modes in Australia`s economy is 3465 Gehry-Hemis dollars 1990. The maximum productivity of the fourth mode is 4437 Gehry-Hemis dollars 1990, the fifth — 8874 Gehry-Hemis dollars 1990. The maximum productivity of the sixth mode in the economy of Australia is 26 888 Gehry-Hemis dollars 1990. The results of the research may be used in order to evaluate the productivity of modern technological modes in Russian economy.
Credit Ratings and Credit Risk: Is One Measure Enough?
Authors: Hilscher Jens , Wilson Mungo
Published: October 2016

This paper investigates the information in corporate credit ratings. If ratings are to be informative indicators of credit risk, they must reflect what a risk-averse investor cares about: both raw default probability and systematic risk. We find that ratings are relatively inaccurate measures of raw default probability—they are dominated as predictors of failure by a simple model based on publicly available financial information. However, ratings do contain relevant information since they are related to a measure of exposure to common (and undiversifiable) variation in default probability (“failure beta”). Systematic risk is shown to be related to joint default probabilities in the context of the Merton [Merton RC (1974) On the pricing of corporate debt: The risk structure of interest rates. J. Finance 29(2):449–470] model. Empirically, it is related to credit default swap spreads and risk premia. Given the multidimensional nature of credit risk, it is not possible for one measure to capture all the relevant information.

This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
Bidding for Bidders? How the Format for Soliciting Supplier Participation in NYOP Auctions Impacts Channel Profit
Authors: Fay Scott , Zeithammer Robert
Published: October 2016

In a name-your-own-price (NYOP) auction, consumers bid for a product or service. If a bid exceeds the concealed threshold price, the consumer receives the product at her bid price. This paper examines how to optimize the interactions between the NYOP retailer and service providers, while, at the same time, managing the bid acceptance rates in order to induce the desired consumer bidding behavior. Channel profit is impacted by how the retailer decides whether or not a given consumer bid will be accepted and, if so, which service provider is chosen to supply a unit of the product to the consumer. We devise a mechanism, the modified second-price auction, which maximizes channel profit.

This paper was accepted by J. Miguel Villas-Boas, marketing.
The data of national medical interview on hyperprolactinemia treatment in real clinical practice
Authors: Melnichenko Galina A. , Dzeranova Larisa K. , Pigarova Ekaterina A. , Vorotnikova Svetlana Y. , Tarasova Tatiana S.
Published: October 2016

Hyperprolactinemia is one of the most common endocrine pathology, which doctors of different specialties face in real clinical practice.Aim of the study was to determine the features of management and treatment of patients with hyperprolactinemia in different regions of Russian Federation.Material and methods. The national medical interview on hyperprolactinemia treatment was conducted in 2014-2015 among 74 endocrinologists from 30 regions of Russia.Results. Endocrinologists in regions of Russian Federation have satisfactory access to various methods of diagnostics of the disease and its complications, knowledge of different dopamine agonists for treatment, and have practice in management of patients with drug-induced hyperprolactinemia.Conclusion. According the data of the interview majority of doctors have insufficient level of knowledge in management and treatment of patients with hyperprolactinemia that is why additional lectures and seminars should be conducted by specialists of that problem.
Iatrogenic lesions of the skeleton
Authors: Melnichenko Galina A. , Mamedova Elizaveta O.
Published: October 2016

Osteoporotic fractures are an important public health problem due to their negative impact on the quality of life and life expectancy, as well as high cost of treatment and rehabilitation. Along with the major risk factors for osteoporotic fractures, such as low bone mineral density (BMD), age, low body weight, frequent falls and previous fractures, an important secondary risk factor, especially among susceptible individuals, is taking certain medications. The difficulty in assessing fracture risk when taking various drugs, as well as the development of appropriate methods of prevention and treatment, is often due to the absence of large randomized trials with a sufficient level of evidence, as well as the heterogeneity of the main risk factors for fractures in studied groups of patients. We focus on the main groups of drugs for which there is evidence of a negative impact on bone metabolism, BMD and fracture risk. In addition to drugs, bone metabolism is also influenced by bariatric surgery, transplantation of solid organs, gonadectomy for various diseases.
Agribusiness entrepreneurship development strategy in East Java for welcoming ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) era
Authors: Wijayati Dewie Tri
Published: October 2016

Facing the implementation of ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) at the end of 2015 requires strategic measures to make Indonesia ready to compete with other nations in ASEAN. East Java Province has great potentials and contributions in the national agribusiness. Establishing agribusiness in East Java towards increased competitiveness is the right step to welcome AEC 2015. This research attempts to study the appropriate model of agribusiness development strategy for East Java. The selection of strategy model is expected to prepare a strong and competitive economy in East Java. Through three principles of data analysis model of Miles and Huberman with the emphasis on data collection, data display, and verification, this study also used a variety of data collection techniques and verifications such as Focus Group Discussion (FGD), observation, and others. This research was conducted in four regions as the focus of the study area: Probolinggo District, Sidoarjo District, Pasuruan District and the City of Batu. The results provide the following conclusions: (a) the agribusiness development strategy in East Java should be done with the target approach. This means that the introduction to the target is the most important factors to determine the strategy to be implemented; (b) the role of the government is highly important and strategic in developing agribusiness in East Java. These can be implemented through a variety of program models that are tailored to the target.
O pasivitě člověka ke světu
Authors: Svobodová Zuzana
Published: October 2016

The article ”On Passivity of Men towards the World in the Context of the Accidental“ presents an attitude to an accident as one of the indicators of one's relation towards the world. Aristotle labelled accident as something that cannot be subject of science; however, he did not ignore it, but rather accepted it, while highly appreciating it for its potential of movement, change and growth. Science deals with what is the usual state of affairs, not what usually does not occur (i.e. the‎ accident); however, people are exposed to accidents in their actions. It is important to look for easy attitudes toward men and the world‎, especially in the helping professions – attitudes that lay beyond scientific reality, that will involve caring for others in the world as in a home to men, not addressing objects as part of the scientific reality.
TLC determination of flavonoids from different cultivars of Allium cepa and Allium ascalonicum
Authors: Pobłocka-Olech Loretta , Głód Daniel , Żebrowska Maria E. , Sznitowska Małgorzata , Krauze-Baranowska Miroslawa
Published: October 2016

This study comprises the optimization and validation of a new TLC method for determination of flavonols in the bulbs of seven cultivars of onions and shallots. Separation was performed on RP-18 plates with the solvent mixture tetrahydrofuran/water/formic acid (40+60+6, V/V/V) as a mobile phase. The method was evaluated for precision, linearity, LOD, LOQ, accuracy and robustness. Chromatographic analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of three main flavonols, quercetin, quercetin-4′-O-glucoside and quercetin-3,4′-O-diglucoside in the majority of analyzed cultivars. The content of flavonols in the analyzed extracts of onion bulbs varied from 123 (‘Exihibition’) to 1079 mg kg-1 fresh mass (fm) (‘Hybing’) in edible parts, and from 1727 (‘Hyline’) to 28949 mg kg-1 fm (‘Red Baron’) in outer scales. The bulbs of two shallot cultivars contained 209 (‘Ambition’) and 523 mg kg-1 fm (‘Matador’) of flavonols in edible parts and 5426 and 8916 mg kg-1 fm in outer scales, respectively.
A dual strategy to improve psychotic patients’ compliance using sustained release quetiapine oral disintegrating tablets
Authors: Refaat Ahmed , Sokar Magda , Ismail Fatma , Boraei Nabila
Published: October 2016

Quetiapine (QT) is a short acting atypical antipsychotic drug effective in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. This study aims at designing a novel dosage form of sustained release taste-masked QT orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) based on solid lipid micro-pellets (SLMPs). QT SLMPs were prepared using the hot melt extrusion technique and utilizing three lipid carriers: Compritol, Precirol and white beeswax either alone or in mixtures. They showed sustained QT release and a taste masking effect. The selected QT SLMP was further blended with an aqueous solution containing polyvinylpyrollidone (2.5 %), croscarmellose sodium (2 %) and mannitol (50 %); it was then lyophilized into ODT in a mass ratio of 1:2, respectively. ODTs containing QT SLMPs showed: average wetting time (40.92 s), average oral disintegration time (21.49 s), average hardness (16.85 N) and also imparted suitable viscosity to suspend pellets during the lyophilization process. In conclusion, lyophilization is a promising technique for the formulation of multiparticulate systems into ODTs.
Ionophore-based potentiometric PVC membrane sensors for determination of phenobarbitone in pharmaceutical formulations
Authors: Alrabiah Haitham , Al-Majed Abdulrahman , Abounassif Mohammed , Mostafa Gamal A.E.
Published: October 2016

The fabrication and development of two polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane sensors for assaying phenobarbitone sodium are described. Sensors 1 and 2 were fabricated utilizing β- or γ-cyclodextrin as ionophore in the presence of tridodecylmethylammonium chloride as a membrane additive, and PVC and dioctyl phthalate as plasticizer. The analytical parameters of both sensors were evaluated according to the IUPAC guidelines. The proposed sensors showed rapid, stable anionic response (-59.1 and -62.0 mV per decade) over a relatively wide phenobarbitone concentration range (5.0 × 10-6-1 × 10-2 and 8 × 10-6-1 × 10-2 mol L-1) in the pH range of 9-11. The limit of detection was 3.5 × 10-6 and 7.0 × 10-6 mol L-1 for sensors 1 and 2, respectively. The fabricated sensors showed high selectivity for phenobarbitone over the investigated foreign species. An average recovery of 2.54 μg mL-1 phenobarbitone sodium was 97.4 and 101.1 %, while the mean relative standard deviation was 3.0 and 2.1 %, for sensors 1 and 2, respectively. The results acquired for determination of phenobarbitone in its dosage forms utilizing the proposed sensors are in good agreement with those obtained by the British Pharmacopoeial method.
Pleiotropic effects of niacin: Current possibilities for its clinical use
Authors: Zeman Miroslav , Vecka Marek , Perlík František , Staňková Barbora , Hromádka Robert , Tvrzická Eva , Širc Jakub , Hrib Jakub , Žák Aleš
Published: October 2016

Niacin was the first hypolipidemic drug to significantly reduce both major cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease. Niacin favorably influences all lipoprotein classes, including lipoprotein[a],and belongs to the most potent hypolipidemic drugs for increasing HDL-C. Moreover, niacin causes favorable changes to the qualitative composition of lipoprotein HDL. In addition to its pronounced hypolipidemic action, niacin exerts many other, non-hypolipidemic effects (e.g., antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic), which favorably influence the development and progression of atherosclerosis. These effects are dependent on activation of the specific receptor HCA2. Recent results published by the two large clinical studies, AIM-HIGH and HPS2-THRIVE, have led to the impugnation of niacin’s role in future clinical practice. However, due to several methodological flaws in the AIM-HIGH and HPS2-THRIVE studies, the pleiotropic effects of niacin now deserve thorough evaluation. This review summarizes the present and possible future use of niacin in clinical practice in light of its newly recognized pleiotropic effects.
Pharmacokinetic evaluation of the interaction between oral kaempferol and ethanol in rats
Authors: Zhou Zhaoxiang , Wang Meng , Guo Zengjun , Zhang Xiaoying
Published: October 2016

This study was aimed at investigating the effect of ethanol on oral bioavailability of kaempferol in rats, namely, at disclosing their possible interaction. Kaempferol (100 or 250 mg kg-1 bm) was administered to the rats by oral gavage with or without ethanol (600 mg kg-1 bm) co-administration. Intravenous administration (10 and 25 mg kg-1 bm) of kaempferol was used to determine the bioavailability. The concentration of kaempferol in plasma was estimated by ultra high performance liquid chromatography. During coadministration, a significant increase of the area under the plasma concentration-time curve as well as the peak concentration were observed, along with a dramatic decrease in total body clearance. Consequently, the bioavailability of kaempferol in oral control groups was 3.1 % (100 mg kg-1 bm) and 2.1 % (250 mg kg-1 bm). The first was increased by 4.3 % and the other by 2.8 % during ethanol co-administration. Increased permeability of cell membrane and ethanolkaempferol interactions on CYP450 enzymes may enhance the oral bioavailability of kaempferol in rats.
Furan-induced hepatotoxic and hematologic changes in diabetic rats: the protective role of lycopene
Authors: Baş Hatice , Pandır Dilek , Kalender Suna
Published: October 2016

Furan forms as a result of thermal treatment of food and induces harmful effects on organisms. In our work, lycopene, furan, and a combination of the two were given to diabetic male rats for 28 days. Hematological changes, total protein and cholesterol, triglyceride, and albumin levels, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase activities of the serum, malondialdehyde levels, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase activities, DNA damage in liver tissues and hepatic histopathological alterations were compared to a control group. There were significant changes in the liver function tests, DNA damage, activities of antioxidant enzymes, and malondialdehyde levels between diabetic control and non-diabetic control groups, between diabetic control and diabetic lycopene groups, and also between diabetic furan and diabetic control groups. In diabetic lycopene and diabetic furan + lycopene treated groups we designated the preventive effects of lycopene against diabetes and furan, however, on the analysed parameters only. In spite of some pathological alterations designated in diabetic furan treated group’s liver, fewer pathological alterations were observed in furan+lycopene treated groups at the end of week 4. Consequently, lycopene significantly reduced furan- and diabetes-induced toxicity in rat liver.
Impact of meteorological parameters and air pollution on emergency department visits for cardiovascular diseases in the city of Zagreb, Croatia
Authors: Pintarić Sanja , Zeljković Ivan , Pehnec Gordana , Nesek Višnja , Vrsalović Mislav , Pintarić Hrvoje
Published: October 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate whether nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), and certain meteorological conditions had an impact on cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related emergency department (ED) visits in the metropolitan area of Zagreb. This retrospective, ecological study included 20,228 patients with a cardiovascular disease as their primary diagnosis who were examined in the EDs of two Croatian University Hospitals, Sisters of Charity and Holy Spirit, in the study period July 2008-June 2010. The median of daily CVD-related ED visits during the study period was 28 and was the highest during winter. A significant negative correlation was found between CVD-related emergency visits and air temperature measured no more than three days prior to the visit, and the highest negative correlation coefficient was measured two days earlier (R=0.266, p≤0.001). The number of CVD-related emergency visits significantly correlated with the average NO2 concentration on the same day (R=0.191, p<0.001). The results of multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the number of CVD-related emergency visits depended on air temperature, and NO2 and O3 concentrations. The higher the air temperatures, the lower the number of daily CVD-related emergency visits (p<0.001). An increase in NO2 concentrations (p=0.005) and a decrease in O3 concentrations of two days earlier (p=0.006) led to an increase in CVD-related ED visits. In conclusion, the decrease in O3 concentrations and the increase in NO2, even if below the legally binding thresholds, could be associated with an increase in CVD-related emergency visits and a similar effect was observed with lower temperature measured no more than three days prior to the visit.
Phytoremediation potential of wild plants growing on soil contaminated with heavy metals
Authors: Čudić Vladica , Stojiljković Dragoslava , Jovović Aleksandar
Published: October 2016

Phytoremediation is an emerging technology that employs higher plants to cleanup contaminated environments, including metal-polluted soils. Because it produces a biomass rich in extracted toxic metals, further treatment of this biomass is necessary. The aim of our study was to assess the five-year potential of the following native wild plants to produce biomass and remove heavy metals from a polluted site: poplar (Populus ssp.), ailanthus (Ailanthus glandulosa L.), false acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), ragweed (Artemisia artemisiifolia L.), and mullein (Verbascum thapsus L). Average soil contamination with Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, and As in the root zone was 22,948.6 mg kg-1, 865.4 mg kg-1, 85,301.7 mg kg-1, 3,193.3 mg kg-1, 50.7 mg kg-1, 41.7 mg kg-1,and 617.9 mg kg-1, respectively. We measured moisture and ash content, concentrations of Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, and As in the above-ground parts of the plants and in ash produced by combustion of the plants, plus gross calorific values. The plants’ phytoextraction and phytostabilisation potential was evaluated based on their bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF). Mullein was identified as a hyperaccumulator for Cd. It also showed a higher gross calorific value (19,735 kJ kg-1) than ragweed (16,469 kJ kg-1).The results of this study suggest that mullein has a great potential for phytoextraction and for biomass generation, and that ragweed could be an effective tool of phytostabilisation.
Multi-scale curvature tensor analysis of machined surfaces
Authors: Bartkowiak Tomasz , Brown Christopher
Published: October 2016

This paper demonstrates the use of multi-scale curvature analysis, an areal new surface characterization technique for better understanding topographies, for analyzing surfaces created by conventional machining and grinding. Curvature, like slope and area, changes with scale of observation, or calculation, on irregular surfaces, therefore it can be used for multi-scale geometric analysis. Curvatures on a surface should be indicative of topographically dependent behavior of a surface and curvatures are, in turn, influenced by the processing and use of the surface. Curvatures have not been well characterized previously. Curvature has been used for calculations in contact mechanics and for the evaluation of cutting edges. In the current work two parts were machined and then one of them was ground. The surface topographies were measured with a scanning laser confocal microscope. Plots of curvatures as a function of position and scale are presented, and the means and standard deviations of principal curvatures are plotted as a function of scale. Statistical analyses show the relations between curvature and these two manufacturing processes at multiple scales.
Capital Accumulation in a Region. Cooperatives Versus Foreign Direct Investments
Authors: Zimnoch Krystyna
Published: October 2016

The main aim of this article is to demonstrate the ability of cooperatives to create internal resources of a region through foreign direct investments and the creation of financial, physical, human, and social capital. It concerns the comparing and emphasizing of the stability of resources created in a region by these forms of action. In order to demonstrate the stability of internal resources of a region, generated through foreign direct investment, a research was conducted involving the analysis of the rankings of the largest foreign investors in Poland, statistical data from the Central Statistical Office and the NBP, showing the inflow and outflow of FDIs, the number of companies with foreign capital participation, and the number of people working in them. In addition, a case study was used for the regions where the investments have been withdrawn, showing the importance of cooperatives for the stabilization of the potential of the regions. The study shows that the transfer of FDIs is always guided by the maximization of profit, tax optimization of a location, and the native currency exchange rate fluctuations. The following consequences of withdrawal have no significance to foreign investors but affect the regions: the increase in the unemployment rate, the reduction in the income of local residents, the increase in debt, the acquisition of real estate purchased on credit. The case study shows that cooperative enterprises can replace foreign capital in the region, ensuring the stability and durability of its internal resources. The concepts and strategies for regional development should focus on cooperatives as a way to create the internal resources of a region, which are seen as the current development source. Co-operatives can prevent the leaching of resources and backwash effects. The economic policy must ensure the equal treatment of all of the entities investing in the region. Currently, Poland gives the priority to foreign investors over the domestic ones. Cooperative enterprises are particularly discriminated against through double taxation. It is worthwhile to examine the scale of the cooperative movement in the economy of the EU and the US and the policy instruments applied to this form of business in those areas.
Project Management in Behavioural Perspective – Cognitive Biases in the Formulation of the Aim of the Project
Authors: Kiełczewski Dariusz , Matel Anna , Poskrobko Tomasz
Published: October 2016

The article contains a behavioural analysis of the aim-formulating stage of the project. The purpose of the article is to point out that in the process of formulating the aim of the project, it comes to such decision-making situations which favour heuristic thinking. The article presents the results of the secondary research. As a result of verified theory, according to which in the process of formulating the aim of the project, the interference in decision-making processes may occur on the part of the heuristics and the resulting cognitive biases.
Taxonomic and Econometric Analysis of Road Transport Development in Poland – The Voivodship Approach
Authors: Czech Artur , Lewczuk Jerzy
Published: October 2016

Transport is considered one of the basic aspects of the movement of people, raw materials as well as goods from the place of origin to the destination. Moreover, in the wider sense, transport includes economic bodies that aim to achieve goals similar to those of businesses that produce a wide range of goods required by customers. Hence, the efficient operations of basic branches of the transportation system determine the entire national economy. Furthermore, transport is considered a basic factor of development, both on the macro- and microeconomic scales.

The aim of the paper is to attempt the assessment of the road transport in Poland as an important element of macro logistics. Furthermore, one of the aims of the investigation was the explanation of its influence on the level of economic development in Poland.

As the source of information, the research used the data drawn from the Central Statistical Office of Poland. The main methods implemented in this study were both classic and order synthetic measure construction. Further, these measures were used in econometric models as well as for the prediction of their values.

The main result of the analysis indicates that the development level of the widely considered infrastructure is strictly correlated with the socio-economic development of particular voivodships.

The study on the level of road transport development can lead to a better understanding of the socio-economic development of particular areas of Poland as well as the more efficient use of the support funds.
Type-II singularities of two-convex immersed mean curvature flow
Authors: Bourni Theodora , Langford Mat
Published: October 2016

We show that any strictly mean convex translator of dimension n ≥ 3 which admits a cylindrical estimate and a corresponding gradient estimate is rotationally symmetric. As a consequence, we deduce that any translating solution of the mean curvature flow which arises as a blow-up limit of a two-convex mean curvature flow of compact immersed hypersurfaces of dimension n ≥ 3 is rotationally symmetric. The proof is rather robust, and applies to a more general class of translator equations. As a particular application, we prove an analogous result for a class of flows of embedded hypersurfaces which includes the flow of twoconvex hypersurfaces by the two-harmonic mean curvature.
The Influence of Interspecies Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer on Epigenetic Enzymes Transcription in Early Embryos
Authors: Morovic Martin , Murin Matej , Strejcek Frantisek , Benc Michal , Paál Dusan , Østrup Olga , Niemann Heiner , Pendovski Lazo , Laurincik Jozef
Published: October 2016

One of the main reason for the incorrect development of embryos derived from somatic cell nuclear transfer is caused by insufficient demethylation of injected somatic chromatin to a state comparable with an early embryonic nucleus. It is already known that the epigenetic enzymes transcription in oocytes and early embryos of several species including bovine and porcine zygotes is species-dependent process and the incomplete DNA methylation correlates with the nuclear transfer failure rate in mammals. In this study the transcription of DNA methyltransferase 1 and 3a (DNMT1, DNMT3a) genes in early embryonic stages of interspecies (bovine, porcine) nuclear transfer embryos (iSCNT) by RT-PCR were analyzed. Coming out from the diverse timing of embryonic genome activation (EGA) in porcine and bovine preimplantation embryos, the intense effect of ooplasm on transferred somatic cell nucleus was expected. In spite of the detection of ooplasmic DNA methyltransferases, the somatic genes for DNMT1 and DNMT3a enzymes were not expressed and the development of intergeneric embryos stopped at the 4-cell stage. Our results indicate that the epigenetic reprogramming during early mammalian development is strongly influenced by the ooplasmic environment.
Pharmacokinetics of Doxycycline in Ducks with Steatosis due to Force-feeding
Authors: Bratoev Neno , Milanova Aneliya , Pavlova Ivelina , Lashev Lubomir
Published: October 2016

The pharmacokinetics of doxycycline was investigated in force-fed and normally fed ducks after single intravenous (i.v.) and oral (p.o.) administration at a dose of 15 mg/kg bw. Serum concentrations of the drug were determined by the HPLC method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using compartmental analysis. Serum concentrations of doxycycline after i.v. administration in both groups were not statistically different. The values of half-lives were 5.82±1.85 h and 6.06±5.51 h in normal and force-fed birds. The total body clearance was respectively 0.40±0.05 L/h/kg and 0.34±0.10 L/h/kg, and volume of distribution (Vss) was 2.80±0.85 L/kg and 2.18±0.89 L/kg. After p.o. administraton the maximum serum levels in the control group were 0.70±0.12 μg/mL and in force-fed birds were 1.93±0.32 μg/mL, measured at 2.95±0.60 h and 1.45±0.24 h, respectively. The values of absolute bioavailability were 18.89±6.48% and 37.58±13.63%. Longer doxycycline retention in force-fed ducks was registered. Our data can be accepted as an information for possible prolonged retention of doxycycline in force fed ducks compared to normally fed ones.
Studies on the carbonation of Czatkowice limestone in Calcium Looping process
Authors: Tomaszewicz Grzegorz , Kotyczka-Morańska Michalina , Plis Agnieszka
Published: October 2016

The growing demand for the reduction of anthropogenic CO2 emissions has stimulated the development of CO2 capture methods. One of the best capture methods comprises the calcium looping process, which incorporates calcium-based sorbents during the calcination and carbonation cycles. Czatkowice limestone may be considered to be a prospective chemical sorbent for the calcium looping process because of its formation characteristics. This paper addresses the thermogravimetric studies conducted under varying conditions of temperature and various concentrations of CO2 during the carbonation cycles. Moreover, a kinetic analysis of the carbonation stage was performed for the calcined sample at varying temperatures. The kinetic parameters for calcination and diffusion were determined. In addition, there was an increase in the concentration of CO2 with an increased carbonation conversion. The research results demonstrate that in further cycles of carbonation/calcination, the calcium sorbent reaches a higher rate of carbonation conversion with increased levels of CO2.
Efficient Word Alignment with Markov Chain Monte Carlo
Authors: Östling Robert , Tiedemann Jörg
Published: October 2016

We present EFMARAL, a new system for efficient and accurate word alignment using a Bayesian model with Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) inference. Through careful selection of data structures and model architecture we are able to surpass the fast_align system, commonly used for performance-critical word alignment, both in computational efficiency and alignment accuracy. Our evaluation shows that a phrase-based statistical machine translation (SMT) system produces translations of higher quality when using word alignments from EFMARAL than from fast_align, and that translation quality is on par with what is obtained using GIZA++, a tool requiring orders of magnitude more processing time. More generally we hope to convince the reader that Monte Carlo sampling, rather than being viewed as a slow method of last resort, should actually be the method of choice for the SMT practitioner and others interested in word alignment.
RuLearn: an Open-source Toolkit for the Automatic Inference of Shallow-transfer Rules for Machine Translation
Authors: Sánchez-Cartagena Víctor M. , Pérez-Ortiz Juan Antonio , Sánchez-Martínez Felipe
Published: October 2016

This paper presents ruLearn, an open-source toolkit for the automatic inference of rules for shallow-transfer machine translation from scarce parallel corpora and morphological dictionaries. ruLearn will make rule-based machine translation a very appealing alternative for under-resourced language pairs because it avoids the need for human experts to handcraft transfer rules and requires, in contrast to statistical machine translation, a small amount of parallel corpora (a few hundred parallel sentences proved to be sufficient). The inference algorithm implemented by ruLearn has been recently published by the same authors in Computer Speech & Language (volume 32). It is able to produce rules whose translation quality is similar to that obtained by using hand-crafted rules. ruLearn generates rules that are ready for their use in the Apertium platform, although they can be easily adapted to other platforms. When the rules produced by ruLearn are used together with a hybridisation strategy for integrating linguistic resources from shallow-transfer rule-based machine translation into phrase-based statistical machine translation (published by the same authors in Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, volume 55), they help to mitigate data sparseness. This paper also shows how to use ruLearn and describes its implementation.
Thrombophilia genetic testing in Romanian young women with acute thrombotic events: role of Factor V Leiden, Prothrombin G20210A, MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms / Evaluarea genetică a trombofiliilor la femei tinere din România cu evenimente acute trombotice: rolul Factorului V Leiden, Protrombinei G20210A, polimorfismelor MTHFR C677T și A1298C
Authors: Daraban Ana Maria , Trifa Adrian Pavel , Popp Radu Anghel , Botezatu Diana , Șerban Marinela , Uscatescu Valentina , Talmaci Rodica , Coriu Daniel , Ginghina Carmen , Jurcut Ruxandra Oana
Published: October 2016

Objective: The present case-control study aimed at evaluating the contribution of thrombophilic polymorphisms to acute venous (VTE) as well as arterial thrombotic events (ATE) in a population of young women with few traditional thrombotic factors (CVRF).

Methods: We consecutively enrolled patients under 45 years of age, with less than 3 CVRF, evaluated for VTE or ATE, women and men as a comparator. The control group consisted of healthy young women. A thrombophilia panel and genetic testing for Factor V Leiden (FVL), G20210A Prothrombin and MTHFR polimorphisms were done.

Results: A total of 323 persons were enrolled: 71 women and 121 men with thromboembolic events, and 131 healthy female as controls. Hyperhomocysteinemia was more frequent in ATE (30.4%) than VTE female patients (6.25%), p<0.01. Genetic testing was available in 45 women and 84 men with acute thrombotic events and in all controls. Homozygous FVL was associated with VTE in young women (10.3% vs 0% controls, p<0.01). Prothrombin G20210A polymorphism had the lowest prevalence – 5.4% and only heterozygosity was found. MTHFR C677T heterozygosity showed no significant difference between women patients and controls (62.2 % vs 43.5% respectively, p=0.1). The homozygous status, less frequent (6.6%), was not associated with ATE or VTE. Homozygous MTHFR A1298C was associated with VTE in women (17.2% patients vs 4.5% controls, OR 4.34, p 0.02, CI 1.22-15.3).

Conclusion: In young women with few CVRF, mild hyperhomocysteinemia, homozygosity for FVL and for MTHFR A1298C polymorphisms increase the risk for VTE but not ATE. MTHFR polymorphisms are found with increased frequency in both healthy persons and patients therefore, their significance as an important thrombotic risk modifier remains unclear.
Late presentation of acromegaly in medically controlled prolactinoma patients
Authors: Manuylova Ekaterina , Calvi Laura M , Hastings Catherine , Vates G Edward , Johnson Mahlon D , Cave William T , Shafiq Ismat
Published: October 2016

Co-secretion of growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) from a single pituitary adenoma is common. In fact, up to 25% of patients with acromegaly may have PRL co-secretion. The prevalence of acromegaly among patients with a newly diagnosed prolactinoma is unknown. Given the possibility of mixed GH and PRL co-secretion, the current recommendation is to obtain an insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in patients with prolactinoma at the initial diagnosis. Long-term follow-up of IGF-1 is not routinely done. Here, we report two cases of well-controlled prolactinoma on dopamine agonists with the development of acromegaly 10–20 years after the initial diagnoses. In both patients, a mixed PRL/GH-cosecreting adenoma was confirmed on the pathology examination after transsphenoidal surgery (TSS). Therefore, periodic routine measurements of IGF-1 should be considered regardless of the duration and biochemical control of prolactinoma.

Learning points:

Acromegaly can develop in patients with well-controlled prolactinoma on dopamine agonists.

The interval between prolactinoma and acromegaly diagnoses can be several decades.

Periodic screening of patients with prolactinoma for growth hormone excess should be considered and can  lead to an early diagnosis of acromegaly before the development of complications.
Išpažinta tapatybė
Authors: Sverdiolas Arūnas
Published: October 2016

(Parengė / Edited by Dainora Pociūtė, Abraomas Kulvietis: Pirmasis Lietuvos reformacijos paminklas / The First Recorded Text of the Lithuanian Reformation. Confessio fidei by Abraomas Kulvietis and Oratio funebris by Johann Hoppe (1547). Studija, faksimilė, komentuotas leidimas, vertimas į lietuvių kalbą / A Study, Facsimile, a New Edition with Commentaries and Translation into Lithuanian (Monumenta Reformationis Lithuanicae, t. 1), Vilnius: Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutas, 2011
Marcelinas Ročka: klasikas ir lituanistas
Authors: Ulčinaitė Eugenija
Published: October 2016

...
CHARLESO DICKENSO KŪRYBOS RECEPCIJA LIETUVIŲ LITERATŪROS KRITIKOJE (III dalis)
Authors: Rudaitytė Regina
Published: October 2016

Pirmojoje ir antrojoje šios studijos, skirtos lietuviškajai Charleso Dickenso recepcijai, dalyse1 apsiribojome dviem šios recepcijos aspektais: anglų rašytojo kūrinių vertimais į lietuvių kalbą, sceninėmis jų adaptacijomis ir kritikų vertinimais. Šioje dalyje pabandysime aptarti kitą labai svarbų recepcijos aspektą: Dickenso kūrybos vertinimą lietuvių literatūros kritikoje ir galimą anglų romanisto estetikos įtaką lietuvių literatūrai ir kultūrai. [...]
„...KOL ŽEMAIČIAI GYVI“: 1830–1831 METŲ SUKILIMO ŽEMAITIJOJE LIUDIJIMAS
Authors: Speičytė Brigita
Published: October 2016

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ANDRIEJAUS VOLANO RYKŠTĖS IR PENTINAI: EREZIJOS TRAMDYMAS
Authors: Petuchovaitė Gintarė
Published: October 2016

Straipsnyje pažymima, kad XVI a. evangelikų reformatų ideologas Andriejus Volanas buvo ne tik aršus katalikų priešininkas, bet ir aktyviai dalyvavo maždaug pusę amžiaus Lietuvos Didžiojoje Kunigaikštystėje trukusioje literatūrinėje polemikoje Švč. Trejybės klausimu. Teigiama, kad savo oponentus – radikaliosios reformacijos krypties atstovus Volanas laikė eretikais, todėl straipsnyje bandoma apibendrinti jo erezijos samprata. Tvirtinama, kad Volanas radikalias, pačius krikščionybės pagrindus ardančias idėjas siekė sutramdyti rykštėmis ir pentinais – griežta ir ortodoksine evangelikų reformatų mokymo sistema (Antruoju helvetų tikėjimo išpažinimu, 1566). Pateikiamas bei komentuojamas Volano poziciją ir nuostatas erezijos atžvilgiu atskleidžiantis tekstas – dedikacija žemaičių bajorui Jonui Šemetai iš paskutiniojo šiai polemikai skirto 1592 m. veikalo Keletas laiškų, skirtų sugriauti samosatiečių doktrinos klaidingumui ir sutvirtinti tikrajai nuomonei apie dieviškąją Trejybę, kuriame pranašaujama greita antitrinitorizmo baigtis.
Mental and Physical Health of Children in Foster Care
Authors: Turney Kristin , Wildeman Christopher
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Each year, nearly 1% of US children spend time in foster care, with 6% of US children placed in foster care at least once between their birth and 18th birthday. Although a large literature considers the consequences of foster care placement for children’s wellbeing, no study has used a nationally representative sample of US children to compare the mental and physical health of children placed in foster care to the health of children not placed in foster care.

METHODS:

We used data from the 2011–2012 National Survey of Children’s Health, a nationally representative sample of noninstitutionalized children in the United States, and logistic regression models to compare parent-reported mental and physical health outcomes of children placed in foster care to outcomes of children not placed in foster care, children adopted from foster care, children across specific family types (eg, single-mother households), and children in economically disadvantaged families.

RESULTS:

We find that children in foster care are in poor mental and physical health relative to children in the general population, children across specific family types, and children in economically disadvantaged families. Some differences are explained by adjusting for children’s demographic characteristics, and nearly all differences are explained by also adjusting for the current home environment. Additionally, children adopted from foster care, compared with children in foster care, have significantly higher odds of having some health problems.

CONCLUSIONS:

Children in foster care are a vulnerable population in poor health, partially as a result of their early life circumstances.