bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PCGAN: Partition-Controlled Human Image Generation
Authors: Liang Dong , Wang Rui , Tian Xiaowei , Zou Cong
Published: August 2019

Human image generation is a very challenging task since it is affected by many factors. Many human image generation methods focus on generating human images conditioned on a given pose, while the generated backgrounds are often blurred. In this paper, we propose a novel Partition-Controlled GAN to generate human images according to target pose and background. Firstly, human poses in the given images are extracted, and foreground/background are partitioned for further use. Secondly, we extract and fuse appearance features, pose features and background features to generate the desired images. Experiments on Market-1501 and DeepFashion datasets show that our model not only generates realistic human images but also produce the human pose and background as we want. Extensive experiments on COCO and LIP datasets indicate the potential of our method.
Hypergraph Optimization for Multi-Structural Geometric Model Fitting
Authors: Lin Shuyuan , Xiao Guobao , Yan Yan , Suter David , Wang Hanzi
Published: August 2019

Recently, some hypergraph-based methods have been proposed to deal with the problem of model fitting in computer vision, mainly due to the superior capability of hypergraph to represent the complex relationship between data points. However, a hypergraph becomes extremely complicated when the input data include a large number of data points (usually contaminated with noises and outliers), which will significantly increase the computational burden. In order to overcome the above problem, we propose a novel hypergraph optimization based model fitting (HOMF) method to construct a simple but effective hypergraph. Specifically, HOMF includes two main parts: an adaptive inlier estimation algorithm for vertex optimization and an iterative hyperedge optimization algorithm for hyperedge optimization. The proposed method is highly efficient, and it can obtain accurate model fitting results within a few iterations. Moreover, HOMF can then directly apply spectral clustering, to achieve good fitting performance. Extensive experimental results show that HOMF outperforms several state-of-the-art model fitting methods on both synthetic data and real images, especially in sampling efficiency and in handling data with severe outliers.
Joint Dynamic Pose Image and Space Time Reversal for Human Action Recognition from Videos
Authors: Liu Mengyuan , Meng Fanyang , Chen Chen , Wu Songtao
Published: August 2019

Human action recognition aims to classify a given video according to which type of action it contains. Disturbance brought by clutter background and unrelated motions makes the task challenging for video frame-based methods. To solve this problem, this paper takes advantage of pose estimation to enhance the performances of video frame features. First, we present a pose feature called dynamic pose image (DPI), which describes human action as the aggregation of a sequence of joint estimation maps. Different from traditional pose features using sole joints, DPI suffers less from disturbance and provides richer information about human body shape and movements. Second, we present attention-based dynamic texture images (att-DTIs) as pose-guided video frame feature. Specifically, a video is treated as a space-time volume, and DTIs are obtained by observing the volume from different views. To alleviate the effect of disturbance on DTIs, we accumulate joint estimation maps as attention map, and extend DTIs to attention-based DTIs (att-DTIs). Finally, we fuse DPI and att-DTIs with multi-stream deep neural networks and late fusion scheme for action recognition. Experiments on NTU RGB+D, UTD-MHAD, and Penn-Action datasets show the effectiveness of DPI and att-DTIs, as well as the complementary property between them.
DDFlow: Learning Optical Flow with Unlabeled Data Distillation
Authors: Liu Pengpeng , King Irwin , Lyu Michael R. , Xu Jia
Published: August 2019

We present DDFlow, a data distillation approach to learning optical flow estimation from unlabeled data. The approach distills reliable predictions from a teacher network, and uses these predictions as annotations to guide a student network to learn optical flow. Unlike existing work relying on handcrafted energy terms to handle occlusion, our approach is data-driven, and learns optical flow for occluded pixels. This enables us to train our model with a much simpler loss function, and achieve a much higher accuracy. We conduct a rigorous evaluation on the challenging Flying Chairs, MPI Sintel, KITTI 2012 and 2015 benchmarks, and show that our approach significantly outperforms all existing unsupervised learning methods, while running at real time.
Point2Sequence: Learning the Shape Representation of 3D Point Clouds with an Attention-Based Sequence to Sequence Network
Authors: Liu Xinhai , Han Zhizhong , Liu Yu-Shen , Zwicker Matthias
Published: August 2019

Exploring contextual information in the local region is important for shape understanding and analysis. Existing studies often employ hand-crafted or explicit ways to encode contextual information of local regions. However, it is hard to capture fine-grained contextual information in hand-crafted or explicit manners, such as the correlation between different areas in a local region, which limits the discriminative ability of learned features. To resolve this issue, we propose a novel deep learning model for 3D point clouds, named Point2Sequence, to learn 3D shape features by capturing fine-grained contextual information in a novel implicit way. Point2Sequence employs a novel sequence learning model for point clouds to capture the correlations by aggregating multi-scale areas of each local region with attention. Specifically, Point2Sequence first learns the feature of each area scale in a local region. Then, it captures the correlation between area scales in the process of aggregating all area scales using a recurrent neural network (RNN) based encoder-decoder structure, where an attention mechanism is proposed to highlight the importance of different area scales. Experimental results show that Point2Sequence achieves state-of-the-art performance in shape classification and segmentation tasks.
Detect or Track: Towards Cost-Effective Video Object Detection/Tracking
Authors: Luo Hao , Xie Wenxuan , Wang Xinggang , Zeng Wenjun
Published: August 2019

State-of-the-art object detectors and trackers are developing fast. Trackers are in general more efficient than detectors but bear the risk of drifting. A question is hence raised – how to improve the accuracy of video object detection/tracking by utilizing the existing detectors and trackers within a given time budget? A baseline is frame skipping – detecting every N-th frames and tracking for the frames in between. This baseline, however, is suboptimal since the detection frequency should depend on the tracking quality. To this end, we propose a scheduler network, which determines to detect or track at a certain frame, as a generalization of Siamese trackers. Although being light-weight and simple in structure, the scheduler network is more effective than the frame skipping baselines and flow-based approaches, as validated on ImageNet VID dataset in video object detection/tracking.
CAPNet: Continuous Approximation Projection for 3D Point Cloud Reconstruction Using 2D Supervision
Authors: Navaneet K. L. , Mandikal Priyanka , Agarwal Mayank , Babu R. Venkatesh
Published: August 2019

Knowledge of 3D properties of objects is a necessity in order to build effective computer vision systems. However, lack of large scale 3D datasets can be a major constraint for datadriven approaches in learning such properties. We consider the task of single image 3D point cloud reconstruction, and aim to utilize multiple foreground masks as our supervisory data to alleviate the need for large scale 3D datasets. A novel differentiable projection module, called ‘CAPNet’, is introduced to obtain such 2D masks from a predicted 3D point cloud. The key idea is to model the projections as a continuous approximation of the points in the point cloud. To overcome the challenges of sparse projection maps, we propose a loss formulation termed ‘affinity loss’ to generate outlierfree reconstructions. We significantly outperform the existing projection based approaches on a large-scale synthetic dataset. We show the utility and generalizability of such a 2D supervised approach through experiments on a real-world dataset, where lack of 3D data can be a serious concern. To further enhance the reconstructions, we also propose a test stage optimization procedure to obtain reconstructions that display high correspondence with the observed input image.
Dual Semi-Supervised Learning for Facial Action Unit Recognition
Authors: Peng Guozhu , Wang Shangfei
Published: August 2019

Current works on facial action unit (AU) recognition typically require fully AU-labeled training samples. To reduce the reliance on time-consuming manual AU annotations, we propose a novel semi-supervised AU recognition method leveraging two kinds of readily available auxiliary information. The method leverages the dependencies between AUs and expressions as well as the dependencies among AUs, which are caused by facial anatomy and therefore embedded in all facial images, independent on their AU annotation status. The other auxiliary information is facial image synthesis given AUs, the dual task of AU recognition from facial images, and therefore has intrinsic probabilistic connections with AU recognition, regardless of AU annotations. Specifically, we propose a dual semi-supervised generative adversarial network for AU recognition from partially AU-labeled and fully expressionlabeled facial images. The proposed network consists of an AU classifier C, an image generator G, and a discriminator D. In addition to minimize the supervised losses of the AU classifier and the face generator for labeled training data, we explore the probabilistic duality between the tasks using adversary learning to force the convergence of the face-AU-expression tuples generated from the AU classifier and the face generator, and the ground-truth distribution in labeled data for all training data. This joint distribution also includes the inherent AU dependencies. Furthermore, we reconstruct the facial image using the output of the AU classifier as the input of the face generator, and create AU labels by feeding the output of the face generator to the AU classifier. We minimize reconstruction losses for all training data, thus exploiting the informative feedback provided by the dual tasks. Within-database and cross-database experiments on three benchmark databases demonstrate the superiority of our method in both AU recognition and face synthesis compared to state-of-the-art works.
Learning Attribute-Specific Representations for Visual Tracking
Authors: Qi Yuankai , Zhang Shengping , Zhang Weigang , Su Li , Huang Qingming , Yang Ming-Hsuan
Published: August 2019

In recent years, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved great success in visual tracking. Most of existing methods train or fine-tune a binary classifier to distinguish the target from its background. However, they may suffer from the performance degradation due to insufficient training data. In this paper, we show that attribute information (e.g., illumination changes, occlusion and motion) in the context facilitates training an effective classifier for visual tracking. In particular, we design an attribute-based CNN with multiple branches, where each branch is responsible for classifying the target under a specific attribute. Such a design reduces the appearance diversity of the target under each attribute and thus requires less data to train the model. We combine all attributespecific features via ensemble layers to obtain more discriminative representations for the final target/background classification. The proposed method achieves favorable performance on the OTB100 dataset compared to state-of-the-art tracking methods. After being trained on the VOT datasets, the proposed network also shows a good generalization ability on the UAV-Traffic dataset, which has significantly different attributes and target appearances with the VOT datasets.
KVQA: Knowledge-Aware Visual Question Answering
Authors: Shah Sanket , Mishra Anand , Yadati Naganand , Talukdar Partha Pratim
Published: August 2019

Visual Question Answering (VQA) has emerged as an important problem spanning Computer Vision, Natural Language Processing and Artificial Intelligence (AI). In conventional VQA, one may ask questions about an image which can be answered purely based on its content. For example, given an image with people in it, a typical VQA question may inquire about the number of people in the image. More recently, there is growing interest in answering questions which require commonsense knowledge involving common nouns (e.g., cats, dogs, microphones) present in the image. In spite of this progress, the important problem of answering questions requiring world knowledge about named entities (e.g., Barack Obama, White House, United Nations) in the image has not been addressed in prior research. We address this gap in this paper, and introduce KVQA – the first dataset for the task of (world) knowledge-aware VQA. KVQA consists of 183K question-answer pairs involving more than 18K named entities and 24K images. Questions in this dataset require multi-entity, multi-relation, and multi-hop reasoning over large Knowledge Graphs (KG) to arrive at an answer. To the best of our knowledge, KVQA is the largest dataset for exploring VQA over KG. Further, we also provide baseline performances using state-of-the-art methods on KVQA.
THE EFFECT OF CHILDBIRTH EDUCATION GIVEN BY THE NURSE ON THE LEVEL OF ANXIETY FATHER’S: A RANDOMIZE CONTROL TRIAL
Authors: DİŞSİZ Melike , MAMUK Rojjin
Published: August 2019

Objective: This study aims to identify the effect of the training given to fathers - who did not attend any prenatal preparatory classes throughout their partner’s pregnancy period- after admission to the hospital for birth on the their anxiety level.Methods: The study was designed and conducted as a cross-sectional, randomized controlled experimental one. The study included 105 fathers, 56 fathers in the experimental group and 49 fathers in the control group. The data were collected socio-demographic information form; interview form in relation to birth; Spielberger State / Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Results: Comparison of the fathers in the experimental (39.32±8.94) and control group (43.69±8.35) in terms of the trait anxiety scores showed that trait anxiety scores of the fathers in the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group. As to the comparison of the state anxiety mean scores of the fathers in the experimental and control group, while no statistically significant differences were detected between the groups before the training, state anxiety scores of the fathers in the experimental group (35.21±8.42) were found to be significantly lower than those of the control group fathers (42.85±11.03) who were not provided with any training. Conclusion: In comparison to the fathers who did not receive any information, the state anxiety levels were found to be lower in the fathers who were systematically informed about the hospital, birth process, newborn and postnatal period while waiting for the birth outside the delivery room.
Neurociencia cognitiva social: el abordaje de la sociedad desde el funcionamiento neurocognitivo
Authors: Escudero Johana
Published: August 2019

La comprensión de los estados emocionales, de las actitudes, de la forma como hombres y mujeres percibimos, comprendemos al otro, de lo que nos motiva, nos moviliza a la acción, nos conecta con los seres humanos y con el mundo que nos rodea, está enmarcada en lo que se conoce en la actualidad como: Neurociencia Cognitiva Social. Esta es entendida como el estudio del procesamiento de la información social y el uso que se le da a esta información, partiendo tanto de las condiciones del funcionamiento cerebral, como de la interacción social (Pineda, 2000; Pineda-Alhucema, 2016).
Arquitectura y morfometría de dos especies arbóreas en una selva baja caducifolia del sur de Yucatán, México
Authors: Interián Ku Víctor Manuel , Valdez Hernández Juan Ignacio , García Moya Edmundo , Romero Manzanares Angélica , Borja de la Rosa María Amparo , Vaquera Huerta Humberto
Published: August 2019

En una selva baja caducifolia de Yucatán, México, se describió la arquitectura y se analizó los atributos dasométrricos de Caesalpinia gaumeri y Gymnopodium floribundum en tres clases de tamaño y dos tipos de suelo. Caesalpinia gaumeri se utiliza en construcción rural y G. floribundum en apicultura. Se identificaron y clasificaron 24 individuos de ambas especies en tres clases de tamaño: brinzales, latizales y fustales y en suelos luvisol y leptosol. La arquitectura de C. gaumeri correspondió al modelo Troll, mientras que G. floribundum al Champagnat. En ambas especies, se observaron reiteraciones relacionadas a causas naturales. Se encontró diferencias estadísticas para los atributos dasométricos entre clases de tamaños y entre tipos de suelo para ambas especies. Los árboles fustales de C. gaumeri tuvieron mayores (Tukey, P ≤ 0.05) diámetros a la altura del pecho, alturas totales de copa y a la primera rama, longitudes de rama de primer orden y de entrenudos entre clases de tamaño. Los individuos de esta especie que crecen en suelo luvisol cuentan con mayores (Tukey, P ≤ 0.05) valores de diámetro a la altura del pecho y ángulo de inserción de ramas de tercer orden a diferencia de los ubicados en leptosol. Los árboles brinzales de G. floribundum tuvieron ángulos de inserción de ramas de primer orden mayores (Tukey, P ≤ 0.05) al de los latizales y fustales. Los individuos de esta especie que crecen en suelo luvisol tuvieron mayores (Tukey, P ≤ 0.05) ángulos de inserción de ramas de segundo y tercer orden en comparación con los que crecen en leptosol.
Evidencia morfológica y molecular en la delimitación de Behria y Bessera , dos géneros del complejo Milla (Themidaceae)
Authors: Gándara Etelvina , Sosa Victoria , León De La Luz José Luis
Published: August 2019

Entre los taxones del complejo Milla (Themidaceae), un grupo de monocotiledóneas petaloides geófitas, existen dos géneros con estatus taxonómico incierto: Behria y Bessera . Con el objetivo de determinar si estos géneros pueden considerarse independientes, se realizaron análisis filogenéticos y de atributos diagnósticos con base en atributos morfológicos y moleculares de 14 poblaciones. Adicionalmente se consideraron individuos representativos del resto de los géneros del complejo, tales como Dandya, Jaimehintonia, Milla y Petronymphe. Behria es un género monotípico restringido al sur de la Península de Baja California. Bessera comprende dos especies de la vertiente pacífica de México y la Faja Volcánica Transmexicana. Se secuenció el espaciador intergénico psbK-psbI del cloroplasto y se codificaron 37 atributos morfológicos. Los análisis filogenéticos identificaron a las poblaciones de Behria y Bessera como grupos monofiléticos independientes, formando parte de un clado más inclusivo. Los resultados del análisis de atributos diagnósticos reconocieron seis atributos florales. Por lo tanto se concluye que estos taxones pueden ser identificados claramente por su morfología floral, además tienen diferentes patrones de distribución y se deben considerar como géneros independientes.
Estructura, composición y diversidad del matorral de duna costera en el litoral yucateco
Authors: Torres Wendy , Méndez Martha , Dorantes Alfredo , Durán Rafael
Published: August 2019

Con el fin de brindar elementos para la toma de decisiones en futuros programas de manejo, se caracterizó la vegetación del matorral de duna costera a lo largo del litoral Yucateco, ya que es un ecosistema que ha sufrido un importante deterioro y fragmentación del hábitat debido a actividades antropogénicas. Se registró la altura, cobertura e identidad taxonómica de los individuos ? 50 cm de altura, en 10 localidades. En total se registraron 71 especies de plantas vasculares pertenecientes a 36 familias. Se detectaron comunidades de dos tipos, aquellas con una estructura arbustiva e individuos menores a 3 m; y aquellas con vegetación arbórea e individuos de mayor altura. Se determinaron los valores de diversidad alfa (26.6), gamma (71) y beta (2.66). Mediante el análisis de clasificación y ordenación se distinguieron tres grupos de vegetación: G1) en la parte oeste del litoral teniendo como especies importantes Pithecellobium keyense y Sideroxylon americanum , G2) en la parte centro Coccothrinax readii, Bravaisia berlandieriana y Metopium brownei , G3) en la parte este Coccothrinax readii, Thrinax radiata y Pseudophoenix sargenti . El estudio permitió documentar la heterogeneidad florística y estructural de las comunidades de dunas a lo largo del litoral y explorar algunas variables que contribuyan a explicarla.
Qualidade de vida no trabalho dos profissionais de enfermagem em unidade de internação pediátrica
Authors: Pereira Jesus Lima Roseane , Nunes Silva Ariana , Costa Cardoso Augusto César
Published: August 2019

OBJETIVO: Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar a qualidade de vida no trabalho dos profissionais de Enfermagem da pediatria, considerando os domínios: físicos/saúde, psicológico, pessoal e profissional. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal descritivo de abordagem quantitativa, com amostra por conveniência, desenvolvido no período de março a maio de 2018, utilizando duas categorias Enfermeiros e Técnicos de Enfermagem da pediatria em unidade de internação hospitalar, com coleta de dados mediante o instrumento Quality of Working Life Questionnaire, conforme a estratégia de snowball sampling (“Bola de Neve”). RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados oito profissionais de cada categoria, com faixa etária média entre 28-32 anos e renda salarial entre dois e três salários mínimos. Quanto a qualidade de vida no trabalho verificou-se o dominio profissional com escore médio de 42,38 classificando como insatisfatório, no dominio fisico/saúde, psicologico e qualidade de vida no trabalho total observou-se escore de neutralidade entre os profissionais avaliados, enquanto que o dominio pessoal obteve um escore satisfatorio. CONCLUSÃO: Os fatores como remuneração, carga horaria excessiva, jornada de trabalho, sono e suas necessidades fisiológicas afetadas interferem diretamente na qualidade de vida no trabalho desses profissionais.
RNA Isolation from Plant Tissue Protocol 2: McKenzie et al’s Qiagen hybrid method v1
Authors: J. MacKenzie Donald , A. McLean Morven , Mukerji Srima , Green Margaret
Published: August 2019

Implemented by: Jim Leebens-Mack and Charlotte Carrigan This protocol was developed by McKenzie et al.2 to facilitate the isolation of RNA from woody plants rich in phenolics and polysaccharides, such as grapes (Vitaceae) and fruit bearing Rosaceae (apples, cherries and pears). The protocol is provided on Qiagen’s website as an alternative method to be used in combination with their RNeasy Plant Minikit. We repeat the protocol here in the event that this protocol is removed from Qiagen’s website or readers find it difficult to obtain the original publication. This protocol is part of a collection of eighteen protocols used to isolate total RNA from plant tissue. (RNA Isolation from Plant Tissue Collection: https://www.protocols.io/view/rna-isolation-from-plant-tissue-439gyr6) 2 McKenzie, D.J., McLean, M.A., Mukerji, S. & Green, M. Improved RNA extraction from woody plants for the detection of viral pathogens by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. Plant Disease 81, 222‐226 (1997).
Adipose depot innervation: whole mount staining, imaging, quantification v1
Authors: Townsend Kristy , W Willows Jake
Published: August 2019

Abstract The difficulty in obtaining as well as maintaining weight loss, together with the impairment of metabolic control in conditions like diabetes and cardiovascular disease, may represent pathological situations of inadequate neural communication between the brain and peripheral organs and tissues. Innervation of adipose tissues by peripheral nerves provides a means of communication between the master metabolic regulator in the brain (chiefly the hypothalamus), and energy-expending and energy-storing cells in the body (primarily adipocytes). Although chemical and surgical denervation studies have clearly demonstrated how crucial adipose tissue neural innervation is for maintaining proper metabolic health, we have uncovered that adipose tissue becomes neuropathic (ie: reduction in neurites) in various conditions of metabolic dysregulation. Here, utilizing both human and mouse adipose tissues, we present evidence of adipose tissue neuropathy, or loss of proper innervation, under pathophysiological conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and aging, all of which are concomitant with insult to the adipose organ as well as metabolic dysfunction. Neuropathy is indicated by loss of nerve fiber protein expression, reduction in synaptic markers, and lower neurotrophic factor expression in adipose tissue. Aging-related adipose neuropathy particularly results in loss of innervation around the tissue vasculature, which cannot be reversed by exercise. Together with indications of neuropathy in muscle and bone, these findings underscore that peripheral neuropathy is not restricted to classic tissues like the skin of distal extremities, and that loss of innervation to adipose may trigger or exacerbate metabolic diseases. In addition, we have demonstrated stimulation of adipose tissue neural plasticity with cold exposure, which may ameliorate adipose neuropathy and be a potential therapeutic option to re-innervate adipose and restore metabolic health.
Dialogic vs. Formalist Teaching in Developing Argumentative Writing Discourse and Reducing Speaking Apprehension among EFL Majors
Authors: Musa Hany Ibrahim
Published: August 2019

The current study, sought to investigate the influence of both formalist and dialogic teaching on EFL majors' argumentative writing and speaking apprehension. By using a positivistic experiment research design, and on analysing students' argumentative writing essays, it has been proved that both teaching approaches developed students' argumentative writing. However, statistical analysis showed that the dialogic teaching group students surpassed those of the formalist teaching. In addition, results revealed that speaking apprehension levels of the dialogic teaching students have significantly been reduced rather than those of the formalist teaching. The study ended with some conclusion and recommendations for further research.
An Analysis on the Factors Affecting Second Language Acquisition and Its Implications for Teaching and Learning
Authors: Sun Yuefang
Published: August 2019

Affected by the overwhelming impact of globalization, many people have realized the importance of mastering a second language and begun to learn it. While research on second language acquisition has been under the way for a long time on a large scale. With the development of second language teaching, many researchers and educators try to find out the factors affecting second language Acquisition (SLA). SLA is a complicated and systematic process, which will influenced by many factors that affect and interact each other. This essay will make a further analysis on the social factors and individual factors in the process of SLA, with the expectation that it can bring implications to teachers as well as learners.
Teaching of Pragmatics: Issues in a Global Age
Authors: Zhu Liwei
Published: August 2019

This article reviews literature on pragmatic teaching in three domains: (1) instructional methods in interpragmatics (2) pragmatic teaching resources (3) test and assessment of pragmatic ability .It aims at providing a comprehensive perspective of the available choices for pragmatics teaching and the ways that second language learners’ pragmatic development can be enhanced in the classroom. In the area of instructional methods, this article reviews researches under the theoretical SLA framework of explicit versus implicit instruction, input processing instruction, and skill acquisition and practice. In the domain of pragmatic teaching resources, two types of pedagogical resources are reviewed: textbooks development and the possibility of the application of CA based research material and electronic corpora to the classroom pragmatics teaching and learning. In the discussion of test and assessment of pragmatic ability, two categories are reviewed. The first is the comparative study of the six types of instruments to test second language learners’ pragmatic ability which is aimed to provide statistical and practical aspects for the test developers and test users. The second reviews the teacher assessment and its related assessment instruments in the application of pragmatic teaching .Finally, this article discusses unique challenges and opportunities pragmatics teaching faces in the current era.
Microseismic Focal Mechanisms and Implications for Changes in Stress during the 2014 Newberry EGS Stimulation
Authors: Aguiar Ana C. , Myers Stephen C.
Published: August 2019

We adapt the relative polarity method from Shelly et al. (2016) to compute focal mechanisms for microearthquakes associated with the 2014 hydroshearing stimulation at the Newberry volcano geothermal site. We focus the analysis on events relocated by Aguiar and Myers (2018), who report that six event clusters predominantly comprise the 2014 sequence. Data quality allows focal mechanism analysis for four of the six event clusters. We use Hardebeck and Shearer (2002, 2003; hereafter HASH) to compute focal mechanisms based on first‐motion polarities and S/P amplitude ratios. We manually determine P‐ and S‐wave polarities for a well‐recorded reference event in each cluster, then use waveform cross correlation to determine whether recordings of other events in the cluster are the same or reversed polarity at each network station. Most waveform polarities are consistent with the affiliated reference event, indicating similar focal mechanisms within each cluster. The deeper clusters are east–west‐striking normal faults, whereas the shallower clusters, close to the top of the open‐hole section of the borehole, are strike slip with east–west motion. Regional studies and prestimulation borehole breakouts find the maximum stress direction is vertical and maximum horizontal stress is approximately north–south. Fault geometry and focal mechanisms of microseismicity during the stimulation suggest that increased pressure from fluid injection predominantly caused changes in horizontal stress, consistent with predictions from numerical studies of stress change caused by fluid injection. At shallow depths, where previous studies suggest the difference between vertical and horizontal stress is lowest, injection appears to have rotated the direction of maximum stress from vertical to horizontal, resulting in strike‐slip motion. At greater depth, vertical stress continued to be the dominant direction during the stimulation, but fault orientation indicates either reactivation of pre‐existing fractures or rotation of the direction of maximum horizontal stress from approximately north–south to east–west.
La vulnerabilidad estructural y las nuevas perspectivas en medicina social sobre la salud de los migrantes: entrevista a James Quesada y Seth M. Holmes
Authors: Piñones Rivera Carlos , Quesada James , Holmes Seth M.
Published: August 2019

Desde hace una década, varios autores anglófonos, centrados principalmente en el análisis e intervención de los procesos de determinación social de la salud de los migrantes, forjaron el concepto de vulnerabilidad estructural, como una forma de combatir el individualismo, el biologismo, la invisibilización de los procesos de determinación estructural y la culpabilización de las víctimas. Siendo parte de las contribuciones históricas de la medicina social, los actuales desarrollos de la aproximación sobre la vulnerabilidad estructural han quedado desconectadas de las discusiones del movimiento de la salud colectiva y la medicina social latinoamericana en general, entre otras razones, por las barreras lingüísticas asociadas a la escasez de sus publicaciones en español. La presente entrevista, realizada a dos de sus principales representantes, indaga los orígenes históricos de dicha aproximación y busca explorar las contribuciones específicas que hoy está realizando, como una forma de acercarlas a los lectores de habla hispana, favoreciendo el diálogo con las propuestas de medicina social latinoamericanas.
Limited Sampling Strategy for the Estimation of Mycophenolic Acid and its Acyl Glucuronide Metabolite Area under the Concentration-Time Curve in Japanese Lung Transplant Recipients
Authors: Tanaka Masaki , Kikuchi Masafumi , Takasaki Shinya , Hirasawa Tensei , Sigeta Kensuke , Noda Aoi , Akiba Miki , Matsuda Yasushi , Oishi Hisashi , Sado Tetsu , Noda Masafumi , Okada Yoshinori , Mano Nariyasu , Yamaguchi Hiroaki
Published: August 2019

Purpose: The dose of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) used to prevent rejection after lung transplantation is often adjusted based on the 12-hour area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0-12) of mycophenolic acid (MPA). A limited sampling strategy (LSS) is useful to define the pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of MPA and mycophenolic acid acyl glucuronide (AcMPAG). Therefore, this study aimed to design a LSS based on multiple linear regression for estimating the AUC0-12 of MPA and AcMPAG at the minimum blood sampling points in Japanese lung transplant patients with concomitant tacrolimus. Methods: Forty-five lung transplantation recipients were enrolled in a PK study of MPA, mycophenolic acid glucuronide (MPAG), and AcMPAG. The plasma MPA, MPAG, and AcMPAG concentrations were determined just before and at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 hours after dosing. The AUC0-12 of MPA and AcMPAG was calculated using a linear trapezoidal rule from the plasma concentration of each blood sampling time. LSS was used to develop models for estimated AUC in the model group (n = 23) and was evaluated in the validation group (n = 22). Results: The best three time-point equation was 4.04 + 1.64·C1 + 3.08·C4 + 5.17·C8 for MPA, and -0.13 + 3.01·C1 + 3.51·C4 + 5.74·C8 for AcMPAG. The prediction errors (PE) and the absolute prediction errors (APE) were within the clinically acceptable ± 5% and 15% range, respectively (MPA: PE = 2.00%, APE = 11.66%, AcMPAG: PE = 0.98%, APE = 14.69%). The percentage of estimated AUC0-12 within ± 15% of the observed AUC0-12 was 77.27% for MPA and 81.82% for AcMPAG. Conclusion: LSS using three time-point (C1, C4, and C8) provides the most reliable and accurate simultaneous estimation of the AUC0-12 of MPA and AcMPAG in Japanese lung transplant patients.
G20 Ülkeleri ve Türkiye’nin Sağlık Sistemi Performansı: Yıllara Göre Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz
Authors: KONCA Murat , DEMİRCİ Şenol
Published: August 2019

Sağlıkta
performans ölçümü, sağlık bakım sistemi tarafından sunulan hizmetlerin
hastaların ihtiyaç ve beklentilerini karşılama etkililiğini izleme ve
değerlendirme işlemidir. Sağlık sistemi performansı hakkında anlamlı ve karşılaştırılabilir
bilgiler, ulusal ve uluslararası seviyede güçlü sağlık politikaları
oluşturulmasını sağlamaktadır. Sağlık performansının kıyaslanabilir bir şekilde
değerlendirilmesi özellikle aynı ya da daha üst gelir grubundaki ülkelerle
yapılan kıyaslamalar ile mümkün olup, sağlık sistemindeki eksiklikleri ya da
daha iyi yönlerin ortaya çıkarılmasını sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin
de üyesi bulunduğu 19 (Avrupa Birliği Komisyonu hariç) G20 ülkesinin sağlık
sistem performanslarının karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, ülke
sağlık sistemlerinin karşılaştırılmasında sıklıkla başvurulan yöntemlerden olan
Malmquist Toplam Faktör Verimliliği (MTFV) Endeksi’nden faydalanılmıştır.
Analiz sonuçlarına göre Türkiye; 2000-2010, 2010-2015 ve 2000-2015 dönemlerinde
sağlık sisteminde verimlilik artışı gösteren ülkeler arasındadır.
A LÍNGUA BRASILEIRA DE SINAIS COMO DISCIPLINA OBRIGATÓRIA NA GRADUAÇÃO EM ENFERMAGEM: opiniões dos discentes
Authors: Moura Reinaldo dos Santos , Saraiva Francisco Joilsom Carvalho , Barbosa Vívian Mayara Da Silva , Gomes Gidelson Gabriel , Calles Ana Carolina Do Nascimento , Santos Júnior José Alfredo dos
Published: August 2019

Objetivo: descrever as opiniões dos graduandos em enfermagem acerca da Disciplina obrigatória de Libras durante a sua formação. Método: abordagem quantitativo-descritiva e transversal. Utilizando amostra de 119 graduandos em enfermagem de uma determinada Faculdade de Alagoas, sendo aplicado um questionário fechado e realizado a estatística descritiva. Respeitando até o os princípios éticos pelo parecer nº.1.684.722. Resultados: entre os entrevistados, 76% não conheciam Libras antes de estudar na faculdade; 99% acham a Disciplina de Libras importante e relevante; cerca de 87% explicitam que aulas são proveitosas, 67% pretendem se especializar em Libras e 94% solicitam estágios com os surdos. Conclusão: o instrumento Libras ao ser ofertado quanto disciplina do curso de graduação em Enfermagem obteve impacto positivo na perspectiva dos bacharelandos.
A ENFERMAGEM DOS CENTROS DE ATENÇÃO PSICOSSOCIAL DE UMA CAPITAL DO NORDESTE DO BRASIL
Authors: Silva John Victor dos Santos , Brandão Thyara Maia
Published: August 2019

Objetivo: descrever as características da enfermagem que atua nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial de uma capital do nordeste do Brasil. Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de abordagem quantitativa. O estudo aconteceu em cinco CAPS de Maceió-AL e os sujeitos foram os trabalhadores de enfermagem. Foi aplicado questionário estruturado e os dados agrupados e analisado por estatística simples, através de porcentagem. Resultados: Dos 41 trabalhadores de enfermagem que participaram do presente estudo, 12 exerciam o cargo de auxiliares de enfermagem; 11 exerciam o cargo de técnicos de enfermagem; e 18 o cargo de enfermeiros. Destes, 88% declararam-se mulheres e 12% declararam-se homens. O estudo ainda trás informações referentes à formação, trabalho, capacitação e atividades desempenhadas por esses profissionais.  Conclusão: Percebeu-se que os profissionais de enfermagem são fundamentais para a realização das ações nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial de Maceió, haja vista que algumas das atividades desempenhadas são atribuições específicas do processo de trabalho desses trabalhadores.
EVOLUÇÃO DA MORTALIDADE POR DOENÇAS DO APARELHO CIRCULATÓRIO EM UM MUNICÍPIO MINEIRO
Authors: Silva Lucas Costa Cardoso , Rosa Naedson , Santos Álvaro Da Silva , Garcia Luan Augusto Alves
Published: August 2019

Objetivo: analisar a mortalidade por doenças do aparelho circulatório em um município do interior mineiro. Método: Trata-se de estudo ecológico e série temporal por coeficiente de mortalidade e análise de tendência. Foram incluídos os registros de óbitos do capítulo IX – Doenças do aparelho circulatório (CID-10: I00-I99) entre 1996 a 2014, disponíveis no Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade, sendo empreendia análise exploratória descritiva das variáveis, além de análise de tendência temporal. Resultados: os óbitos para o sexo masculino (Coeficiente de mortalidade médio: 82,2 x 104 habitantes) e faixa etária ≥ 80 anos (Coeficiente de mortalidade médio: 930,6 x 104 habitantes) foram mais expressivos. O coeficiente de mortalidade geral (p=0,008) e por sexo (masculino e feminino – p<0,001) apresentaram evolução temporal crescente. Conclusão: Evidencia-se a importância do reconhecimento do padrão de mortalidade por doenças do aparelho circulatório como problema de saúde pública e a criação de ações de prevenção destes agravos com adoção de estilos de vida saudáveis.
REPRESENTASI LIQUID RELIGION KELAS MENENGAH MUSLIM DALAM FILM ISLAMI PASCA ORDE BARU
Authors: Supriansyah Supriansyah
Published: August 2019

The main focus of this article is the construction of the middle class Muslims through representation and images in the form of Islamic films. Representations and simulations are used to maintain and strengthen the position of the middle class in Muslim societies. In the era of liberal capitalism, spectacle media is the most popular medium of society. The image is the main value in the media, which disturbs the society of capitalism to smooth the agenda of capitalism and consumerism. The main question in this article is how the representation and simulation of Islam is from the middle class Muslims in Indonesian Islamic films in post-new Order era? This article reveals the position of Islamic films as a medium of preservation of the religious values of the middle class that are displayed through film framing such as economic ability, education qualifications and political choice. The identity of the middle class is a value that is not only illustrated without ideological battles and the struggle for space in films, but at the same time becomes a religious ideological medium, especially the closed middle class Muslims ideology.
The way to control the interventricular septum thickness during septal myectomy. An experimental study
Authors: Gurshchenkov A. V. , Selivanov M. V. , Mukhin E. A. , Sukhova I. V. , D'yachenko Ya. A. , Agaev R. S. , Maystrenko A. D. , Novikov V. K. , Kucherenko V. S. , Gordeev M. L.
Published: August 2019

Background: At present, there are no methods for intraoperative monitoring of the interventricular septum (IVS) thickness in a stopped and empty heart. This might be an obvious reason for unsatisfactory results after a number of septal myectomies.

Aim: To provide an experimental background for the method to control the IVS thickness (that we had proposed) during septal myectomy.

Materials and methods: The proposed technique is based on the transillumination method. The experimental models were cadaveric porcine hearts, as well as fragments of the human myocardium removed during septal myectomies. The thickness of the translucent myocardium was estimated depending on the local illumination value at the entrance to the myocardium and the external illumination of the surgical field. We compared the results of 67 septal myectomies performed in the clinic of the Almazov National Medical Research Centre with the results of 35 similar experimental procedures with cadaveric porcine hearts using the proposed way of measurement.

Results: A graph of the illumination at the entrance to the myocardium against the thickness of the translucent myocardium was constructed. After conventionally performed septal myectomies the median variation of the myocardial thickness was 4 [3; 6] mm. In the experiment using the proposed control method, the median variation was 1 [1; 2] mm, i.e. significantly less than with the conventional approach (p = 3 x 10-10).

Conclusion: The method to control the IVS thickness when performing septal myectomy makes it possible to achieve the required myocardial thickness the resection area with much greater accuracy than with the conventional one.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN MONOPOLI PADA MATERI SISTEM PENCERNAAN DI SMP
Authors: Ulfa Khalida , Rozalina Lia
Published: August 2019

This research was aims to developed, feasibility and compare differences in learning out-comes before and after used Monopoly Games Smart (MGS) learning media on digestive system topic in junior high school IBA Palembang. Research applies Research and Development methods with steps, namely define, design, and development. Egibility was based on the evaluation of media expert and small scale trials. Data collection in this study used interviews, questionnaire and documentation. Analysis tehcnique were including analysis of product data.. The results show that the Monopoly Games Smart (MGS) learning media has significant effect in improving the mastery of concept. Based on students mastery of concept showed that the implementation of learning using Monopoly Games Smart (MGS) is better than convensional. The learning process in the digestive system topic is more effective and student centered which makes students more active in learning and makes the learning process more meaningful. If the learning response is good, mastery of the concept will be good.
Analisis Kualitas Layanan Pegadaian Application Support System Integrated Online (PASSION) Menggunakan Metode Service Quality (Servqual)
Authors: Arpan Atika , Santi Rusmala , Fadilah Evi
Published: August 2019

Kualitas Layanan Pegadaian Application Support System Integrated Online (PASSION) perlu dilakukan evaluasi untuk mengukur dan meningkatkan kualitas layanan dengan mengunakan metode Service Quality (Servqual) yang berfokus pada lima variabel yaitu : Tangibles, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, dan Emphaty, serta menghitung nilai dari persepsi dan harapan dari layanan.  Hasil penelitian ini menghasilkan nilai persepsi kualitas layanan PASSION sebesar 5,938 sedangkan nilai harapan pengguna layanan PASSION sebesar 6,386  yang  artinya  kualitas  layanan PASSION belum memenuhi harapan dari pengguna layanan. Dari  hasil  penelitian  ini  sebagai  masukan bagi penyedia layanan dan pihak pengembang layanan PASSION untuk lebih meningkatkan layanan PASSION dari segi fasilitas hingga keamanan dalam menggunakan layanan PASSION agar dapat meningkatkan kualitas layanan kedepannya dan dapat memberikan layanan yang memuaskan kepada pengguna layanan PASSION.
Retrospective and Prospective Look at Aflatoxin Research and Development from a Practical Standpoint
Authors: Benkerroum Noreddine
Published: August 2019

Among the array of structurally and toxicologically diverse mycotoxins, aflatoxins have attracted the most interest of scientific research due to their high toxicity and incidence in foods and feeds. Despite the undeniable progress made in various aspects related to aflatoxins, the ultimate goal consisting of reducing the associated public health risks worldwide is far from being reached due to multiplicity of social, political, economic, geographic, climatic, and development factors. However, a reasonable degree of health protection is attained in industrialized countries owing to their scientific, administrative, and financial capacities allowing them to use high-tech agricultural management systems. Less fortunate situation exists in equatorial and sub-equatorial developing countries mainly practicing traditional agriculture managed by smallholders for subsistence, and where the climate is suitable for mould growth and aflatoxin production. Accordingly, it is difficult to harmonize the regulatory standards of aflatoxins worldwide, which prevents agri-foods of developing countries from access to the market of industrialized countries. To tackle the multi-facetted aflatoxin problems, actions should be taken collectively by the international community involving scientific research, technological and social development, environment protection, etc. International cooperation should foster technology transfer and exchange of pertinent technical information. This review presents the main historical discoveries leading to our present knowledge on aflatoxins and the challenges that should be addressed presently and in the future at various levels to ensure higher health protection for everybody. In short, it aims to elucidate where we come from and where we should go in terms of aflatoxin research/development.