bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cory Doctorow (English version)
Authors: Porta Laura , Córcoles César , Albadalejo Carlos
Published: May 2020

Este número a uno de los asuntos más candentes del panorama mundial en lo referente a cuestiones digitales: la polémica de la propiedad intelectual. Para conseguirlo, hemos entrevistado a cuatro nombres que tienen mucho que decir en este mundo: Cory Doctorow, Fred Von Lohmann, Georg C.F. Greve y Raquel Xalabarder.
Flash Lite: estado actual y perspectivas de futuro
Authors: Tardáguila César
Published: May 2020

El consultor César Tardáguila analiza en este artículo las posibilidades de la tecnología FlashLite, las novedades de la versión 2.0 y sus ventajas frente a otras tecnologías como J2ME o C++.
DEFORMABILITY OF RUBCON AND FIBRORUBCON BEAMS
Authors: Aleksei Polikutin E. , Yuri Potapov B. , Artem Levchenko V.
Published: May 2020

The study of the deformability of building structures, especially bending elements, is an integral part ofa full study of structures, because it is often the deformability determines the size of the cross section ofthe element, to ensure the necessary rigidity of building structures. For beam elements, the mostimportant during exploitation are vertical displacement – deflections.For application (especially under the influence of aggressive environment) as a material of productionof the building structures we offer rubber concrete-polymer concrete which has favorable deformationand strength characteristics, high adhesion to metal surfaces. It is important to note that the compositionof fibrorubcon used industrial waste such as fly ash and fibers steel cord. It was establishedexperimentally that the strength of fibrorubcon corresponds to the class of high-strength concrete, butthe modulus of elasticity of rubcon corresponds to the modulus of elasticity of traditional concrete. Tostudy the deformability of rubcon and fibrorubcon bending elements we have made a beam with alongitudinal reinforcement percentage μ = 0...8.4%.The beams were tested for pure bending – the most characteristic type of loading for such elements. Onthe basis of the tests, a limit on the percentage of longitudinal reinforcement to satisfaction therequirements of the current standards for maximum deflections of fibrorubcon and rubcon beams wasset.
QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF VEGETABLE OIL EFFLUENT DISCHARGED INTO SAVA RIVER
Authors: Pešević Dušica , Knežević Nebojša , Marković Mirjana
Published: May 2020

Subject of this paper is the analysis of technological waste water within the business complex of BIMAL d.d.Brčko, which is generated as a result of technological processes within the oil refinery, press plant and extraction plant. This paper is aimed at establishingwhether the registered values of the tested parameters, based on physicochemical analyses of wastewater samples from different plants of the subject oil refinery, are within the permissible limits, i.e. whether they have a negative impact on the water quality of the Sava River as a natural water recipient and on the entire environment. The analysis comprised 11 parameters, and deviations from national standards for wastewater were identified for one parameter for the sulphate content, which indicates the need for further monitoring and taking adequate measures to prevent adverse environmental impacts.
Axon-dependent expression of YAP/TAZ mediates Schwann cell remyelination but not proliferation after nerve injury
Authors: Grove Matthew , Lee Hyunkyoung , Zhao Huaqing , Son Young-Jin
Published: May 2020

Previously we showed that YAP/TAZ promote not only proliferation but also differentiation of immature Schwann cells (SCs), thereby forming and maintaining the myelin sheath around peripheral axons (Grove et al., 2017). Here we show that YAP/TAZ are required for mature SCs to restore peripheral myelination, but not to proliferate, after nerve injury. We find that YAP/TAZ dramatically disappear from SCs of adult mice concurrent with axon degeneration after nerve injury. They reappear in SCs only if axons regenerate. YAP/TAZ ablation does not impair SC proliferation or transdifferentiation into growth promoting repair SCs. SCs lacking YAP/TAZ, however, fail to upregulate myelin-associated genes and completely fail to remyelinate regenerated axons. We also show that both YAP and TAZ are redundantly required for optimal remyelination. These findings suggest that axons regulate transcriptional activity of YAP/TAZ in adult SCs and that YAP/TAZ are essential for functional regeneration of peripheral nerve.
The Pedagogy of Detachment and Decolonial Options
Authors: Salinas Cecilia
Published: May 2020

This article deals with a critical perspective on modern schooling based on my own experience as a child and young adult. I illustrate the effects of what I call a pedagogic of detachment and argue for a decolonial option of the modern school system. I will start with my personal history as a minority pupil in Argentina and will also use cases from my experiences as an immigrant in the Norwegian school system and from my ethnographic work among the Mbya-Guaraní in Northern Argentina.
Isolation, characterization, and comparative genomic analysis of a phage infecting high-level aminoglycoside-resistant (HLAR) Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Nasr Azadani Danial , Zhang Daiyuan , Hatherill J. Robert , Silva David , Turner Jeffrey W.
Published: May 2020

Enterococcus is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria that are commensal to the gastrointestinal tracts of humans but some species have been increasingly implicated as agents of nosocomial infections. The increase in infections and the spread of antibiotic-resistant strains have contributed to renewed interest in the discovery of Enterococcus phages. The aims of this study were (1) the isolation, characterization, and genome sequencing of a phage capable of infecting an antibiotic-resistant E. faecalis strain, and (2) the comparative genomic analysis of publicly-available Enterococcus phages. For this purpose, multiple phages were isolated from wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influent using a high-level aminoglycoside-resistant (HLAR) E. faecalis strain as the host. One phage, phiNASRA1, demonstrated a high lytic efficiency (∼97.52%). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) showed that phiNASRA1 belongs to the Siphoviridae family of double-stranded DNA viruses. The phage was approximately 250 nm in length and its complete genome (40,139 bp, 34.7% GC) contained 62 open reading frames (ORFs). Phylogenetic comparisons of phiNASRA1 and 31 publicly-available Enterococcus phages, based on the large subunit terminase and portal proteins, grouped phage by provenance, size, and GC content. In particular, both phylogenies grouped phages larger than 100 kbp into distinct clades. A phylogeny based on a pangenome analysis of the same 32 phages also grouped phages by provenance, size, and GC content although agreement between the two single-locus phylogenies was higher. Per the pangenome phylogeny, phiNASRA1 was most closely related to phage LY0322 that was similar in size, GC content, and number of ORFs (40,139 and 40,934 bp, 34.77 and 34.80%, and 60 and 64 ORFs, respectively). The pangenome analysis did illustrate the high degree of sequence diversity and genome plasticity as no coding sequence was homologous across all 32 phages, and even ‘conserved’ structural proteins (e.g., the large subunit terminase and portal proteins) were homologous in no more than half of the 32 phage genomes. These findings contribute to a growing body of literature devoted to understanding phage biology and diversity. We propose that this high degree of diversity limited the value of the single-locus and pangenome phylogenies. By contrast, the high degree of homology between phages larger than 100 kbp suggests that pangenome analyses of more similar phages is a viable method for assessing subclade diversity. Future work is focused on validating phiNASRA1 as a potential therapeutic agent to eradicate antibiotic-resistant E. faecalis infections in an animal model.
Análise da estrutura produtiva dos municípios-polos das microrregiões do Sudoeste do Paraná
Authors: Cattelan Renata , Prestes Andréia Ferreira , Moraes Marcelo Lopes de
Published: May 2020

Compreender a estrutura produtiva, bem como as transformações ocorridas em determinado espaço, possibilita avaliar e aplicar políticas de desenvolvimento regional, com ênfase em fatores endógenos e específicos de cada lugar. Nessa perspectiva, o objetivo do artigo é analisar a distribuição produtiva regional e as mudanças ocorridas nos municípios de Capanema, Francisco Beltrão, Palmas e Pato Branco, considerados polos das microrregiões do Sudoeste do Paraná, tomando como referência os anos de 2000 e 2016. Foram utilizados dados relativos ao número de empregos por setor, obtidos junto ao Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego. Para atender ao objetivo, utilizaram-se as medidas de localização e especialização. Os principais resultados indicam que, no período analisado, a configuração dos setores que mais empregavam se modificou nos municípios, com uma diversificação da produção. No entanto, a estrutura setorial municipal também se alterou: enquanto alguns aumentaram a quantidade de setores especializados, outros diminuíram, tendo havido uma transferência de setores especializados entre os municípios. De maneira que se observaram alterações na dinâmica setorial dos municípios entre 2000 e 2016.
O panorama das desigualdades regionais no Rio Grande do Sul à luz do seu processo histórico de formação socioeconômica
Authors: Schulz Jéferson Réus da Silva , Kühn Daniela Dias
Published: May 2020

A literatura especializada aponta o processo de formação econômica do Rio Grande do Sul como o fator responsável pelo surgimento de desigualdades regionais no Estado. Essas desigualdades têm se mostrado estáveis ao longo das últimas décadas. O objetivo geral da pesquisa consiste em identificar as (e refletir sobre a persistência das) desigualdades entre as Regiões Norte, Nordeste e Sul do Rio Grande do Sul no período de 2008 até 2012. São utilizados dados secundários sobre os agregados macroeconômicos regionais e algumas variáveis do desenvolvimento socioeconômico, como saúde, renda e educação. Os resultados indicam a existência de uma concentração espacial da atividade industrial na Região Nordeste e um atraso da Região Sul no que se refere aos aspectos socioeconômicos. Constatou-se que as desigualdades regionais entre as Regiões Norte, Nordeste e Sul do Rio Grande do Sul ainda persistem e são decursivas da estrutura produtiva regional. A superação desse quadro adverso requer, entre outras medidas, a promoção de uma reestruturação produtiva por meio de um conjunto de ações que leve à desconcentração da atividade industrial no Rio Grande do Sul, visando a geração de emprego e renda nas regiões menos desenvolvidas e uma ampliação do bem-estar social.
All About Prostaglandin Analogues in Eye
Authors: Kumari Priti , Bhoot Madhu
Published: May 2020

Glaucoma is a leading cause of impairment of vision worldwide. Raised intraocular pressure can cause damage to both optic nerve and retinal ganglion cells. Reducing intraocular pressure is the only modifiable risk factor for this disease available presently. It can be achieved either by surgical or medical treatment. Pharmacotherapy is the mainstay of treatment for glaucoma patients. Prostaglandins analogues have replaced beta blockers as the first line anti-glaucoma drug. Their single dose per day, better diurnal control of IOP and long washout period has ensured better compliance and better results in various forms of glaucoma. A lot of clinical research is ongoing in developing new prostaglandin derivatives with safer profiles and more targeted action. This article will be reviewing the various merits and demerits of prostaglandin analogues in practice as well as shed some light on the newer drugs in pipeline.
A Clinical Study on Evaluation, Indications, Surgical Techniques and Complications of Various Orbitotomies Done in a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Malarvizhi R. , Vasumathi K. , Anuradha A. , Sheela S. , Abinaya A.D.
Published: May 2020

Objective:

To analyse the incidence, indications, various clinical presentations, investigations to localize the lesion, various surgical approaches and complications of orbitotomy.

Study design:

Prospective study

Study setting:

Department of orbit and oculoplasty in a tertiary care centre (RIO GOH, Chennai) for a period of 6 months.

Materials and methods:

Patients with orbital space occupying lesions and hematomas due to trauma were selected. Appropriate clinical examination to quantify the degree of proptosis and radiological investigation to localize the lesion were done. After anaesthetic fitness the patients were taken for orbitotomy under local/general anaesthesia.

Results:

In this study most common indication for orbitotomy was dermoid Cyst(50%) followed by blow out fracture (20%). Most common approach in the study was medial approach (46.7%) followed by lateral approach(23.3%). Most of the incisions made were transcutaneous (63.3%) followed by transconjunctival (30%).

Conclusion:

Early diagnosis and timely referral to expert orbital surgeon is mandatory for best results. In this study most of the patients had no significant complications. Transconjunctival incision had lesser incidence of postoperative complications and better cosmetic acceptance.
Management of Retinopathy of Prematurity: Quest for the Best
Authors: Beri Sarita , Madan Siddharth , Shandil Anurag , Nangia Sushma , Garg Rajiv , Virmani Prachi
Published: May 2020

Purpose:

We analysed the effect of primary laser ablation and primary intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) therapy administered alone or followed by peripheral laser ablation for the treatment of type IROP and Aggressive Posterior ROP (APROP).

Methods:

Sixty eight eyes of 35 babies treated for ROP were analysed from September 2016 to March 2019. 14 eyes of seven babies underwent primary laser treatment. Primary IVR was given in 54 eyes of 28 babies.

Results:

Nine of 14 (64.28%) eyes recovered with laser treatment and five progressed to stage IV or V ROP which did not recover even with surgical intervention. 44 of 54 (81.48%) eyes recovered fully after single dose of IVR by ten weeks and remaining ten eyes underwent laser of the avascular area after two to ten weeks following IVR therapy. Six of these ten eyes recovered fully while four progressed and underwent surgery for stage IV or V. Three of these four operated cases had attached retina after surgery. Hence 50 of 54 eyes (92.59 %) eyes who underwent primary IVR therapy or with subsequent laser recovered while only four of the nine eyes (64.28 %) recovered with primary laser treatment. No progression, reactivation and systemic complications were observed over an average follow-up of six months in babies who received primary IVR alone or with subsequent management.

Conclusions:

IVR or IVR followed by laser by ten weeks following injection is a safe and efficacious primary treatment for ROP with gratifying results in type I disease or APROP.
Association of Clinical Presentations and Histopathological Features of Retinoblastoma in a Tertiary Eye Care Centre, Eastern Nepal
Authors: Lavaju Poonam , Badhu Badri Prasad , Shah Sangeeta , Karki Smriti
Published: May 2020

Purpose:

To assess an association of retinoblastoma with clinical presentations and histopathological features.

Materials and Methods:

This is a retrospective analysis of clinical and histopathology records of patients admitted with retinoblastoma in a tertiary care center, Eastern Nepal from May 2009 to June 2017.

Results:

Forty-four patients were admitted with the diagnosis of retinoblastoma. Age of the patient ranged from four months to nine years with male: female ratio 1.3:1. Unilateral eye was involved in 43 cases (97.7%), leucokoria being the most common presentation (56.8%), followed by proptosis (20.5%). Using the International Intraocular Retinoblastoma Classification, 75.6% were classified as Group E. The cut end of optic nerve invasion (ONI) was seen in 30.2%. According to the International Retinoblastoma Staging Working Group pathology classification, 60% of tumors were Stage PT1. Statistically significant association was seen between longer duration of presentation with leucokoria, neovascularization of iris and uveitis; older age groups with proptosis and leucokoria. Positive predilection was seen between poorly differentiated cell type and older age groups (p-0.052) and proptosis (p-0.02). Advance grade of disease was reflected by delayed presentation (p-0.031) and older age (p-0.05).

Conclusions:

Leucokoria was the predominant clinical presentation. Poorly differentiated cell type had positive association with age and proptosis. Advance disease was associated with longer duration and older age.
Optical Coherence Tomography as a Diagnostic Adjunct for Ocular Surface Lesions
Authors: Dube Mihika , Takkar Brijesh , Gupta Payal , Rathi Anubha , Gupta Saroj , Sharma Bhavana
Published: May 2020

We describe a series of four cases with ocular surface lesions, where optical coherence tomography (OCT) proved to be a useful tool for diagnosis and/or management. These cases included pterygium with cyst, suspected ocular surface squamous neoplasia, nodular scleritis and an inclusion cyst. The ability of OCT to reveal the internal characteristics and the true location of lesion may help, in judicious decisions regarding excisional biopsy in future.
Evaluation of Amblyopia in School Going Children
Authors: Jarwal Pawan N. , Singh Rekha
Published: May 2020

Background and Objective:

Amblyopia is the most common cause of monocular vision loss in children and as amblyopia is a major preventable and treatable cause of pediatric low vision, early detection and treatment of amblyopia is very important to reduce the prevalence of amblyopia. This study was done to determine the prevalence of amblyopia in school going children in the age group of 5-15 years in and around Jaipur and also to detect the types of amblyopia in these children.

Materials and Methods:

Cross sectional and time bound study, in which 4020 school children in the age group of 5-15 years underwent screening. Amblyopia was diagnosed in eyes with reduced best corrected visual acuity in the absence of any other cause.

Results:

Amblyopia was diagnosed in 44 children. Prevalence of amblyopia in our study was found to be 1.1 %. The underlying amblyogenic causes assessed were anisometropia (29.5%), strabismus (25%), combined mechanism amblyopia (15.9%), meridional amblyopia (13.6%), ametropic amblyopia (11.6%), and the least was that of visual deprivation amblyopia being 4.5%. No statistically significant associations were found in the geographical distribution, or in the gender distribution. The most frequent pattern of strabismus was exotropia. A higher percentage of moderate degree of amblyopia (64%) and more of unilateral cases of amblyopia (26) were detected. There were an equal number of hypermetropes and myopes, majority were given spectacle correction. All 44 amblyopes were prescribed occlusion therapy.

Conclusion:

Prevalence of amblyopia was found to be 1.1% in our study. The results indicate the importance of screening school going children for amblyopia and the importance of early detection and treatment.
Pentacam Based Quantification of the Changes in Anterior Chamber Morphology Following Laser Peripheral Iridotomy in Primary Angle Closure Suspects – A Novel Approach
Authors: Bevara Akhil , Banigallapati Shashidhar , Medikonda Malleswari , Potti Sudhakar
Published: May 2020

Aim:

To study and compare the clinical parameters pre and post Nd: YAG Laser Peripheral Iridotomy (LPI) in Primary Angle Closure Suspect (PACS) patients

Study design:

Hospital based prospective observational study

Methods:

Our study included 60 eyes of 30 PACS patients who underwent Nd: YAG LPI. Parameters like anterior chamber depth and angle using Pentacam, Intraocular pressure using Goldmann Applanation tonometer and Gonioscopy using Sussman 4-mirror goniolens were compared before and after LPI.

Results:

The mean ACD significantly improved from 1.91 ± 0.2 mm before LPI to 2.01 ± 0.23mm, 30 minutes post LPI and 2.06 ± 0.22 mm, one week after LPI. The mean ACA significantly improved from 24.4 ± 4.02° before LPI to 27.55 ± 3.74°, 30 minutes after LPI and 28.77 ± 4.09°, one week after LPI. There was a statistically significant decrease in mean IOP at 30 minutes and one week after LPI as compared to before LPI. Twenty-two (36.67%) eyes had IOP spike at five minutes after LPI (Mean IOP spike was 2.64 ± 0.95mm Hg). The mean Shaffer grade, based on gonioscopy findings, also increased significantly after LPI.

Conclusions:

We conclude that Pentacam is a useful tool for quantifying the anterior segment changes occurring after LPI. The ACD and ACA increase significantly after LPI. Also, the IOP decreases significantly one week after LPI in PACS patients.
Surgical Management of Strabismus in Thyroid Ophthalmopathy
Authors: Chandran Vidhya , Gupta Kanika
Published: May 2020

Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune condition with acute inflammatory and chronic fibrotic phase with various manifestations. Strabismus is one of the common clinical presentation affecting the quality of life. Besides medical and optical management in acute stages, surgical management resides as an option to provide broader binocular single field of vision and improve the quality of life. In this case, we have done Inferior rectus recession (fixed sutures) and contralateral superior rectus recession on adjustable sutures to give binocular vision.
Total Ophthalmoplegia – A Series of Case Reports
Authors: Das Sujit
Published: May 2020

Total ophthalmoplegia is defined as total paralysis of all the muscles of the eye, which in turn results in ptosis, immobility of the eye, dilated non reacting pupil and total loss of accommodation. In this case series the fungal sinusitis and total ophthalmoplegia case ultimately presented with auto evisceration of the crystalline lens, whereas the detailed ophthalmic evaluation finally diagnosed the case of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The prognosis of fungal sinus infection, nasopharyngeal and maxillary carcinoma is always bad and a high index of suspicion is essential in such cases to reach the final diagnosis.
Cryotherapy in Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis with Shield's Ulcer
Authors: Kabra Namrata , Gupta Smriti
Published: May 2020

A 23 yr old male presented with itching, watering, redness, discharge and photophobia in right eye since 5 yrs, with exaggerated symptoms since 2 months. Slit lamp examination revealed shield's ulcer in right eye. Topical and oral medications were started. Patient had recurrent giant papillary conjunctivitis and shield's ulcer in spite of intense topical and oral medications. In December 2018, he underwent liquid nitrogen cryotherapy, performed in right eye first using double freeze thaw technique followed by left eye 2 months later. His symptoms resolved, giant papillae attenuated and corneal luster improved and he is doing well after 6 months follow up.
Synthesis of α‐(2‐Hydroxyphenyl)‐α‐Aminoketones by Rhodium‐Catalyzed Tandem Reaction of 1‐Sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐Triazoles and Benzoquinone‐Derived Alcohols
Authors: Xu Ze‐Feng , Wang Weipeng , Cen Mengjie , Feng Zijuan , Duan Shengguo , Li Chuan‐Ying
Published: May 2020

Readily available 1‐sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazole and benzoquinone‐derived alcohols were employed in a synthesis protocol for the formation of α‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐α‐aminoketone. The cascade reaction includes the formation of rhodium carbene, O−H bond 1,3‐insertion, Claisen rearrangement as well as aromatization. Valuable benzoxazinone and 3‐aminobenzofuran were obtained after one‐step derivatization. Moreover, an estrone derivative was modified via the protocol with extraordinary efficiency.

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New phosphonium molybdate‐promoted green, fast and selective catalytic procedure for the synthesis of trisubstituted imidazoles
Authors: Salmasi Reihaneh , Gholizadeh Mostafa , Salimi Alireza
Published: May 2020

The compound 1,1′‐(ethane,1,2‐diyl)ditriphenylphosphonium hexamolybdate dimethylsulfoxide {C2H4[P(C6H5)3]2}{Mo6O19}·SO (CH3)2 (I) was prepared, and 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, Fourier transform‐infrared, differential scanning calorimetry and single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis were used to characterize the titled compound. Crystallographic data showed that compound I crystallized in the monoclinic crystal system in C2/c space group. The compound (I) was used for selective synthesis of 2,4,5‐tri aryl imidazole derivatives under solvent‐free conditions efficiently. Because of hindrance of the catalyst, the yields of products for aldehydes bearing para substituents are higher than the aldehydes bearing ortho substituents, and for aromatic aldehydes with meta substituents are very low.
Electro‐synthesis approach for some metal ion complexes derived from thiosemicarbazide; characterization, conformational, inhibitory simulation and Hirshfeld surface properties
Authors: Refat Moamen S. , Althagafi Ismail , El‐Metwaly Nashwa , Shah Reem , Katouah Hanadi , Amin Ragab R. , Yamany Yamany B. , Altalhi Tariq , Al‐Humaidi Jehan Y.
Published: May 2020

Series of Co (II), Cu (II), Zn (II) and Sn (II) complexes derived from thiosemicarbazide ligand (HTSC), was synthesized by environmentally favorable method (electrochemical). All isolated complexes, were deliberately characterized by available analytical and spectral tools. The proposed molar ratio was 1:2 (M:L) as the only isolated one, beside the significant contribution for solvent molecules. The octahedral configuration was proposed for all complexes. Conformational analysis was implemented using advanced program to determine the best structural forms for complexes. Moreover, essential parameters were calculated to export important features for studied complexes. Meanwhile, Hirshfeld crystal surface properties, were interested to illustrate strength of packing interaction forces. Furthermore, distinction of site types inside the molecule and their H‐donor or H‐acceptor ability. Antimicrobial study was conducted against different microorganisms, to assert on the importance of new complexes in therapeutic field. Furthermore and to strengthen the study, the inhibition simulation was performed with respect to all complexes against selected pathogen proteins. Essential interaction data, were exported for each docking process, to classify inhibition efficiency. Co (II) and Cu (II) complexes were the complexes that played well in therapeutic simulation treatments against Bacillus subtilis (1bn8) and Candida albicans kinase (4c0t) proteins.
Practical synthesis of 13C‐labeled conjugates by [13C]CO‐carbonylation of supported arylbipyridylpalladium complexes and alkyne–azide cycloadditions
Authors: Tabey Alexis , Christine Thifanie , Fouquet Eric , Hermange Philippe
Published: May 2020

A short procedure for the preparation of stable arylbipyridylpalladium complexes linked to a polystyrene resin is described. Starting from an o‐iodobenzylalcohol with a pendant azido group, the corresponding supported complex was carbonylated with [13C]CO to produce the desired 13C‐labeled lactone tag with a satisfactory yield of 50%. This 13C‐synthon was obtained with excellent purity after a simple filtration on sintered glass, and further conjugation using CuAAC and SPAAC reactions was performed with model substrates.
Effect of chemical shrinkage and temperature shrinkage on early cracking of recycled concrete
Authors: Sun Huayin , Fu Weijia , Zhou Weili , Liu Yali
Published: May 2020

Since the existence of cement concrete, the early cracking problem of recycled concrete directly affects the application of concrete in engineering. Cracks can increase the permeability of concrete and lead to the decrease of structural durability of concrete in the corrosive environment. The reason causing this fatal problem is the shrinkage of concrete. The purpose of this paper is to improve the durability and integrity of concrete structure and understand its shrinkage. After the initial solidification and hardening of concrete, the volume deformation will cause the internal stress of the recycled concrete due to constraints. When the internal stress is greater than the tensile strength of recycled concrete, the recycled concrete will crack in the early stage. The study of early crack has always been the focus of scholars. Through the efforts of many scholars, factors leading to early cracking have been gradually discovered, such as hydration reaction of cement components in concrete, microstructure change, and external environment. In this paper, the influence of chemical shrinkage and temperature shrinkage on the early cracking of recycled concrete is analyzed by studying the chemical composition of the raw material of recycled concrete for chemical experiments and comparing the recycled concrete in a constant temperature studio with different temperatures. It is concluded that the composition of concrete and the content of each component have direct influence on the chemistry. Concrete containing more C3A has greater chemical reduction. Temperature difference is the main factor causing temperature shrinkage, including the heat released by component hydration. In addition to the change in the external temperature, the temperature of the concrete will also decrease, leading to early cracking.
Clinical spectrum and prognostic value of TP53 mutations in circulating tumor DNA from breast cancer patients in China
Authors: Yi Zongbi , Ma Fei , Rong Guohua , Guan Yanfang , Li Chunxiao , Xu Binghe
Published: May 2020

Background

TP53 mutations are common in breast cancer. There is currently no large‐scale cohort study to investigate the TP53 landscape in breast cancer patients from China. The predictive value of TP53 mutations for the efficacy of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐targeted therapy in breast cancer remains controversial. In the present study, we aimed to analyze the clinical spectrum and prognostic value of TP53 mutations in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from breast cancer patients in China.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and TP53 mutation features in ctDNA samples from 804 patients with metastatic breast cancer. TP53 mutations were detected by target region capture‐based next‐generation sequencing. The relationship between TP53 mutation status and disease‐free survival (DFS) was analyzed in 444 patients with metastatic breast cancer. Moreover, the relationship between TP53 mutation status and progression‐free survival (PFS) was analyzed in 55 HER2‐positive patients treated with first‐line trastuzumab‐based therapy. Kaplan‐Meier analysis was performed to estimate the survival curves of the different subgroups, and the log‐rank test was used to compare the curves. A Cox regression model was used to estimate multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associated with the DFS and PFS.

Results

Among the 804 investigated patients, 431 (53.6%) patients harbored TP53 mutations. TP53 mutations were differentially distributed among different molecular subtypes of breast cancer (P < 0.05). Patients with TP53 mutations had a shorter DFS than those with wild‐type TP53 (hazard ratio = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.09‐1.61, P = 0.005). TP53 mutations in exons 5‐8 were associated with worse outcome (hazard ratio = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.11‐2.03, P = 0.009). However, TP53 mutation status was not significantly associated with PFS in HER2‐positive patients who received first‐line trastuzumab‐based therapy (P = 0.966). Interestingly, in the taxane combination group, patients with TP53 mutations exhibited longer PFS than those without TP53 mutations (hazard ratio = 0.08, 95% CI = 0.02‐0.30, P < 0.001). However, in the non‐taxane combination group, patients with TP53 mutations displayed shorter PFS than those with wild‐type TP53 (hazard ratio = 4.84, 95% CI = 1.60‐14.66, P = 0.005).

Conclusions

TP53 mutations in exons 5‐8 may be an independent prognostic marker for short DFS in patients with metastatic breast cancer. TP53 mutations had opposite effects on trastuzumab‐treated patients treated with and without taxanes.
Sorafenib and everolimus in patients with advanced solid tumors and KRAS‐mutated NSCLC: A phase I trial with early pharmacodynamic FDG‐PET assessment
Authors: Nogova Lucia , Mattonet Christian , Scheffler Matthias , Taubert Max , Gardizi Masyar , Sos Martin L. , Michels Sebastian , Fischer Rieke N. , Limburg Meike , Abdulla Diana S.Y. , Persigehl Thorsten , Kobe Carsten , Merkelbach‐Bruse Sabine , Franklin Jeremy , Backes Heiko , Schnell Roland , Behringer Dirk , Kaminsky Britta , Eichstaedt Martina , Stelzer Christoph , Kinzig Martina , Sörgel Fritz , Tian Yingying , Junge Lisa , Suleiman Ahmed A. , Frechen Sebastian , Rokitta Dennis , Ouyang Dongsheng , Fuhr Uwe , Buettner Reinhard , Wolf Jürgen
Published: May 2020

Background

Treatment of patients with solid tumors and KRAS mutations remains disappointing. One option is the combined inhibition of pathways involved in RAF‐MEK‐ERK and PI3K‐AKT‐mTOR.

Methods

Patients with relapsed solid tumors were treated with escalating doses of everolimus (E) 2.5‐10.0 mg/d in a 14‐day run‐in phase followed by combination therapy with sorafenib (S) 800 mg/d from day 15. KRAS mutational status was assessed retrospectively in the escalation phase. Extension phase included KRAS‐mutated non–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) only. Pharmacokinetic analyses were accompanied by pharmacodynamics assessment of E by FDG‐PET. Efficacy was assessed by CT scans every 6 weeks of combination.

Results

Of 31 evaluable patients, 15 had KRAS mutation, 4 patients were negative for KRAS mutation, and the KRAS status remained unknown in 12 patients. Dose‐limiting toxicity (DLT) was not reached. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was defined as 7.5 mg/d E + 800 mg/d S due to toxicities at previous dose level (10 mg/d E + 800 mg/d S) including leucopenia/thrombopenia III° and pneumonia III° occurring after the DLT interval. The metabolic response rate in FDG‐PET was 17% on day 5 and 20% on day 14. No patient reached partial response in CT scan. Median progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 3.25 and 5.85 months, respectively.

Conclusions

Treatment of patients with relapsed solid tumors with 7.5 mg/d E and 800 mg/d S is safe and feasible. Early metabolic response in FDG‐PET was not confirmed in CT scan several weeks later. The combination of S and E is obviously not sufficient to induce durable responses in patients with KRAS‐mutant solid tumors.
Coronary embolization from aortic valve fibroelastoma
Authors: Savage Henry O. , Albanese Alberto , Caruso Vincenzo , Gedela Swamy , Dungu Jason
Published: May 2020

Papillary fibroelastomas have a range of clinical presentations. The surgical removal of these tumors should always be considered as best alternative to a conservative approach.
Corporate social responsibility and stock price informativeness: The public interest perspective
Authors: Marhfor Ahmed , Bouslah Kais , M'Zali Bouchra , Ghilal Rachid
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we propose a new theory that sheds a different light on the potential relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Stock Price Informativeness (PI). More specifically, we explain why a neutral association between CSR and PI can be an indicator of high economic and social welfare, while a positive association can be an indicator of both markets and governments failure. Under a neutral relationship, we argue that mandatory disclosure is getting firms to disclose near their optimal level. Therefore, any voluntary disclosure beyond the mandatory regime (such as CSR disclosure) should not improve PI. We base our hypothesis on public interest theory that suggests that regulators promote the public interest when a market failure is identified. On the other hand, under a positive association between CSR and PI, we argue that regulators do not offer adequate incentives for firms to disclose at their socially optimal levels because the level of voluntary disclosure by socially responsible firms is optimal in comparison to the level of mandatory disclosure provided by other firms with weak CSR engagement.
Nine‐Step Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Rhizonin A
Authors: Liu Qingchao , Liu Langlang , Ratnayake Ranjala , Luesch Hendrik , Guo Yian , Ye Tao
Published: May 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusion

We have achieved the total synthesis of an architecturally and biologically intriguing cyclic polypeptide, rhizonin A (1), in an exceptionally concise and convergent fashion. The strategic route entails 9 longest linear steps to elaborate commercially available materials into the natural product with an overall yield of 9.7%. The brevity of sequence and high overall yield was fueled by the judicious selection of chemical tactics. Rhizonin A (1) showed weak inhibitory effects on the cell viability of HCT116 colorectal cancer cells and this activity was dependent on hypoxia‐inducible factors.
The influence of loading configurations on numerical evaluation of failure mechanisms in an uncemented femoral prosthesis
Authors: Mathai Basil , Gupta Sanjay
Published: May 2020

The clinical relevance of numerical predictions of failure mechanisms in femoral prosthesis could be impaired due to simplification of musculoskeletal loading. This study investigated the extent to which loading configurations affect the preclinical analysis of an uncemented femoral implant. Patient‐specific, CT‐scan based FE models of intact and implanted femurs were developed and analysed using three loading configurations, which comprised of load cases representing daily activities. First loading configuration consisted of two load cases, each of walking and stair climbing. The second consisted of more number of load cases for each of these activities. The third included load cases of additional activities of standing up and sitting down. Failure criteria included maximum principal strains, interface debonding, implant‐bone relative displacement and adaptive bone remodelling. Simplified loading configurations led to a reduction (100‐1500 με) around cortical principal strains. The area prone to interface debonding were observed in the proximo‐medial part of implant and was maximum when all activities were considered. This area was reduced by 35%, when simplified loading configurations were chosen. Interfacial area of 88%‐96% experienced implant‐bone relative displacements below 40 μm; however maximum of 110 μm was observed at the calcar region. Lack of consideration of variety of activities overestimated (30%‐50%) bone resorption around the lateral part of the implant; hence, these bone remodelling results were less clinically relevant. Considering a variety daily activities along with an adequate number of load cases for each activity seemed necessary for pre‐clinical evaluations of reconstructed femur.
Dynamic Covalent Chemistry as a Facile Route to Unusual Main‐Group Thiolate Assemblies and Disulfide Hoops and Cages
Authors: Phan Ngoc‐Minh , Percástegui Edmundo G. , Johnson Darren W.
Published: May 2020

Dynamic Covalent Chemistry (DCC) – combining the robustness of covalent bonds with the self‐correcting nature of supramolecular chemistry – facilitates the modular synthesis of complex molecular assemblies in high yields. Although numerous reactions form covalent bonds, only a small set of chemical transformations affect covalent bond formation reversibly under suitable conditions for DCC. Further progress in this area still requires the identification of dynamic motifs and greater insights into their reversibility. We have fruitfully employed DCC of both thiolate coordination to main‐group elements and disulfide formation for the facile self‐assembly of: (1) metal/metalloid–thiolate assemblies, and (2) purely organic cyclic and caged disulfides, thioethers, and even hydrocarbons, many of which have remained elusive by traditional stepwise synthesis yet form readily through our methods. In this Minireview, we highlight the approaches to prepare these unusual compounds and the factors inducing structural transformations or favoring the formation of certain products over others, given a set of external stimuli or reaction conditions.
In‐session interactive dynamics of the psychotherapy process between therapeutic alliance, therapist expertise, therapist technical intervention, patient metacognition and functioning
Authors: Locati Francesca , Rossi Germano , Lang Margherita , Parolin Laura
Published: May 2020

Empirical research has explored different dimensions of the therapy process and their associations, often showing bidirectional links: for example, metacognition may be favoured by a positive alliance with the clinician; on the other hand, metacognitive difficulties may be an obstacle for the alliance. However, little is still known about the overall relationship between multiple dimensions during the psychotherapy process. The aim of this study is to further explore the in‐session interaction of therapeutic process variables, focusing on patient metacognition, therapeutic alliance, technical intervention, therapist expertise, and patient functioning.

Participants included 45 patients involved in a psychodynamic weekly treatment in two clinical centres. Therapists were both in‐training and experienced clinicians. Four instruments were applied on four psychotherapy sessions (178 verbatim transcripts): Metacognition Assessment Scale‐Revised (MAS‐R) assessing metacognition, Collaborative Interaction Scale (CIS) assessing therapeutic alliance, Psychodynamic Intervention Rating Scale (PIRS) assessing therapist technical interventions, and Shedler–Westen Assessment Procedure (SWAP)‐200 assessing patient functioning.

Sequential analyses revealed that specific therapist interventions co‐occurred with three different levels of therapeutic alliance: a first one characterized by positive collaboration, the second one by neutral collaboration, and the third one by ruptures. Moreover, and critically, the patient metacognition, patient functioning, and therapist expertise were found to exert different effects in the three alliance levels.

These findings suggest the existence of a specific interdependence between the variables involved in the research. These results further indicate that the therapist expertise is a key element in the therapeutic process, as it can drastically affect the in‐session interactive dynamic.
Resting state heart rate variability in clinical and subthreshold disordered eating: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Watford Tanya S. , Braden Abby , O'Brien William H.
Published: May 2020

Objective

Research has demonstrated mixed results regarding the direction of the association between vagal activation and disordered eating. The current meta‐analysis examined studies testing the link between resting‐state heart rate variability indices of vagal activation (vmHRV), and both clinical and subthreshold disordered eating.

Method

A systematic search of the literature resulted in the inclusion of studies that were correlational (associations between HRV and disordered eating symptoms) and that examined group differences (e.g., control group vs. disordered eating group), for a total of 36 samples.

Results

Findings indicated a small but reliable association of vmHRV with disordered eating, r = 0.12, indicating greater vagal activation in individuals with disordered eating compared to those with little or no disordered eating behavior. Moderation analyses identified predictors of the vmHRV/disordered eating association. Bulimia nervosa was found to have a large, positive effect size with vmHRV, r = 0.60, which was significantly greater than all other types of disordered eating,
Q
T = 10.74, p = .047. Compared to subthreshold disordered eating, clinical eating disorders demonstrated significant, persistent increased vagal activation with a medium, reliable effect size, r = 25, QT = 3.94, p = .045.

Conclusion

These insights contribute to an improved understanding of the pathophysiology in disordered eating.
Deep learning‐guided joint attenuation and scatter correction in multitracer neuroimaging studies
Authors: Arabi Hossein , Bortolin Karin , Ginovart Nathalie , Garibotto Valentina , Zaidi Habib
Published: May 2020

PET attenuation correction (AC) on systems lacking CT/transmission scanning, such as dedicated brain PET scanners and hybrid PET/MRI, is challenging. Direct AC in image‐space, wherein PET images corrected for attenuation and scatter are synthesized from nonattenuation corrected PET (PET‐nonAC) images in an end‐to‐end fashion using deep learning approaches (DLAC) is evaluated for various radiotracers used in molecular neuroimaging studies. One hundred eighty brain PET scans acquired using 18F‐FDG, 18F‐DOPA, 18F‐Flortaucipir (targeting tau pathology), and 18F‐Flutemetamol (targeting amyloid pathology) radiotracers (40 + 5, training/validation + external test, subjects for each radiotracer) were included. The PET data were reconstructed using CT‐based AC (CTAC) to generate reference PET‐CTAC and without AC to produce PET‐nonAC images. A deep convolutional neural network was trained to generate PET attenuation corrected images (PET‐DLAC) from PET‐nonAC. The quantitative accuracy of this approach was investigated separately for each radiotracer considering the values obtained from PET‐CTAC images as reference. A segmented AC map (PET‐SegAC) containing soft‐tissue and background air was also included in the evaluation. Quantitative analysis of PET images demonstrated superior performance of the DLAC approach compared to SegAC technique for all tracers. Despite the relatively low quantitative bias observed when using the DLAC approach, this approach appears vulnerable to outliers, resulting in noticeable local pseudo uptake and false cold regions. Direct AC in image‐space using deep learning demonstrated quantitatively acceptable performance with less than 9% absolute SUV bias for the four different investigated neuroimaging radiotracers. However, this approach is vulnerable to outliers which result in large local quantitative bias.
Objective olfactory evaluation of self‐reported loss of smell in a case series of 86 COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Lechien Jerome R. , Cabaraux Pierre , Chiesa‐Estomba Carlos M. , Khalife Mohamad , Hans Stéphane , Calvo‐Henriquez Christian , Martiny Delphine , Journe Fabrice , Sowerby Leigh , Saussez Sven
Published: May 2020

Objective

To investigate olfactory dysfunction (OD) in patients with mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) through patient‐reported outcome questionnaires and objective psychophysical testing.

Methods

COVID‐19 patients with self‐reported sudden‐onset OD were recruited. Epidemiological and clinical data were collected. Nasal complaints were evaluated with the sinonasal outcome‐22. Subjective olfactory and gustatory status was evaluated with the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Objective OD was evaluated using psychophysical tests.

Results

Eighty‐six patients completed the study. The most common symptoms were fatigue (72.9%), headache (60.0%), nasal obstruction (58.6%), and postnasal drip (48.6%). Total loss of smell was self‐reported by 61.4% of patients. Objective olfactory testings identified 41 anosmic (47.7%), 12 hyposmic (14.0%), and 33 normosmic (38.3%) patients. There was no correlation between the objective test results and subjective reports of nasal obstruction or postnasal drip.

Conclusion

A significant proportion of COVID‐19 patients reporting OD do not have OD on objective testing.