bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Safety and effectiveness of anticoagulation with non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants and warfarin in patients on tuberculosis treatment
Authors: Lee Hyun-Jung , Kim Hyung-Kwan , Kim Bong-Seong , Han Kyung-Do , Park Chan Soon , Rhee Tae-Min , Park Jun-Bean , Lee Heesun , Kim Yong-Jin
Published: February 2023

Anti-tuberculosis treatment can cause significant drug-drug interaction and interfere with effective anticoagulation. However, there is a lack of evidence and conflicting data on the optimal oral anticoagulation in patients treated for tuberculosis. We investigated the safety and effectiveness of anticoagulation with non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) and warfarin in patients on anti-tuberculosis treatment. Patients on concomitant oral anticoagulation and anti-tuberculosis treatment including rifampin were identified from the Korean nationwide healthcare database. Subjects were censored at discontinuation of either anticoagulation or rifampin. The outcomes of interest were major bleeding, death, and ischemic stroke. A total 2090 patients (1153 on warfarin, 937 on NOAC) were included. NOAC users, compared to warfarin users, were older, had a lower prevalence of hypertension, heart failure, ischemic stroke, and aspirin use and a higher prevalence of cancer, with no significant differences in CHA2DS2-VASc or HAS-BLED scores. There were 18 major bleeding events, 106 deaths, and 50 stroke events during a mean follow-up of 2.9 months. After multivariable adjustment, the use of NOAC was associated with a lower risk of incident ischemic stroke (HR 0.51, 95% CI 0.27–0.94), while there was no significant difference in risk for major bleeding or death compared with warfarin. These results suggest that NOACs have better effectiveness for stroke prevention and similar safety compared with warfarin in patients on concomitant anti-tuberculosis treatment. This is the first study assessing the safety and effectiveness of NOACs compared to warfarin in this clinical scenario.
Purinergic signaling during Marek’s disease in chickens
Authors: Akbar Haji , Fasick Julia J. , Ponnuraj Nagendraprabhu , Jarosinski Keith W.
Published: February 2023

Purinergic receptors (PRs) have been reported as potential therapeutic targets for many viral infections including herpesviruses, which urges the investigation into their role in Marek’s disease (MD), a herpesvirus induced cancer in chickens that is an important pathogen for the poultry industry. MD is caused by MD virus (MDV) that has a similar viral life cycle as human varicella zoster virus in that it is shed from infected epithelial skin cells and enters the host through the respiratory route. In this report, PR responses during natural MDV infection and disease progression was examined in MD-resistant white Leghorns (WL) and MD-susceptible Pure Columbian (PC) chickens during natural infection. Whole lung lavage cells (WLLC) and liver tissue samples were collected from chickens infected but showing no clinical signs of MD (Infected) or presenting with clinical disease (Diseased). RNA was extracted followed by RT-qPCR analysis with gene specific primers against members of the P1, P2X, and P2Y PR families. Differential expression (p < 0.05) was observed in breed and disease conditions. Some PRs showed tissue specific expression (P1A1, P2X1, and P2X6 in WLLC) whereas others responded to MDV infection only in MD-susceptible (PC) chickens (P1A2A, P2X1, P2X5, P2X7). P2Y PRs had differential expression in both chicken lines in response to MDV infection and MD progression. This study is the first to our knowledge to examine PR responses during MDV infection and disease progression. These results suggest PR signaling may an important area of research for MDV replication and MD.
A nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive model with damage and experimental validation for composite solid propellant
Authors: Li Hui , Xu Jin-sheng , Chen Xiong , Zhang Jun-fa , Li Juan
Published: February 2023

The development of a nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive model of composite solid propellant (CSP) coupled with effects of strain rate and confining pressure is essential to assess the reliability of solid propellant grains during ignition operation process. In the present work, a nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive model with novel energy-based damage initiation criterion and evolution model was firstly proposed to describe the coupled effects of confining pressure and strain rate on mechanical responses of CSP. In the developed damage initiation criterion and evolution model, the linear viscoelastic strain energy density was introduced as the damage driving force, and the coupled effects of strain rate, damage history and confining pressure on damage growth were taken into account. Then, uniaxial tensile tests from low strain rates to medium strain rates and various confining pressures, and stress relaxation tests were conducted using a self-made active confining pressure device. Finally, the identification procedures of model parameters and validation results of the constitutive model were presented. Moreover, the master curve of damage initiation parameter was constructed through the time-pressure superposition principle (TPSP). The results show that the developed nonlinear constitutive model is capable of predicting the stress–strain responses of CSP under different strain rates and confining pressures.
Clinical and sonographic impact of oral contraception in patients with deep endometriosis and adenomyosis at 2 years of follow-up
Authors: Carrillo Torres Pilar , Martínez-Zamora M. Ángeles , Ros Cristina , Rius Mariona , Mensión Eduard , Gracia Meritxell , Carmona Francisco
Published: February 2023

Nowadays, combined oral contraceptives (COCs) are successfully employed for the treatment of endometriosis (END) and adenomyosis (AD) in a large proportion of patients. However, literature focusing on the clinical and sonographic response to treatment in the long-term follow-up of patients with deep endometriosis (DE) and AD is scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the symptoms and the sonographic exams at 12 and 24 months of follow-up in patients who had received a flexible extended COC regimen containing 2 mg of dienogest/30 μg ethinyl estradiol. This prospective, longitudinal, observational study included women diagnosed with DE and AD presenting no surgical indication and were candidates to treatment with COCs. The presence and severity of dysmenorrhea, non-menstrual pelvic pain, deep dyspareunia, dyschezia and dysuria were evaluated using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) at baseline, and at 12 and 24 months of treatment. Transvaginal ultrasound was also performed at these check points searching for criteria of AD and reporting the size of the DE nodules and ovarian endometriomas (OE). Sixty-four patients were included. A significant decrease in the number of patients with severe dysmenorrhea and non-menstrual pelvic pain was reported during follow-up. The mean NRS score for dysmenorrhea, non-menstrual pelvic pain, deep dyspareunia, dyschezia and dysuria was also significantly lower at follow-up. There was a significant reduction in the sonographic number and type of AD criteria during follow-up after treatment. Similarly, a significant decrease in the size of OE and uterosacral ligament involvement in DE was observed at the 12-month follow-up, with a further, albeit not statistically significant, decrease in the 12- to 24-month follow-up. Additionally, torus and rectosigmoid DE decreased in size, although the reduction was not statistically significant at any study point. This prospective study suggests a clinical and sonographic improvement after a flexible extended COC regimen in DE and AD patients, which was significant at 12 months of follow-up. The improvement was more evident in AD and OEs compared with DE. Further research with a longer follow-up, larger sample size and comparison with other treatments is needed.
Blocking of PI3-kinase beta protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by reducing platelet activation and downstream microvascular thrombosis in rats
Authors: Cheng Qiong , Wang Min , Jin Rong , Li Guohong
Published: February 2023

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase beta (PI3Kβ) plays an important role in platelet activation and thrombosis, but its role in stroke pathology remains unknown. In this study, we investigated whether inhibition of PI3Kβ protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury by preventing circulating platelet activation and downstream microvascular thrombosis. We used a rat intraluminal filament model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) because the rapid restoration of cerebral blood flow to the ischemic area in both tMCAO and endovascular thrombectomy provides clinical relevance for this model. The results showed that TGX221, a selective PI3Kβ inhibitor, treatment immediately before the onset of reperfusion dose-dependently reduced infarct volume and improved neurological function. The protective effects were associated with blocking platelet activation and thrombotic response, thereby reducing downstream microvascular thrombosis, and maintaining reperfusion efficiency. These results suggest that PI3Kβ might be a promising target for treating downstream microvascular thrombosis induced by cerebral I/R injury and offer a novel adjunctive treatment to improve reperfusion therapy for acute ischemic stroke.
Noncanonical regulation of imprinted gene Igf2 by amyloid-beta 1–42 in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Fertan Emre , Gendron William H. , Wong Aimée A. , Hanson Gabrielle M. , Brown Richard E. , Weaver Ian C. G.
Published: February 2023

Reduced insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) levels in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) may be the mechanism relating age-related metabolic disorders to dementia. Since Igf2 is an imprinted gene, we examined age and sex differences in the relationship between amyloid-beta 1–42 (Aβ42) accumulation and epigenetic regulation of the Igf2/H19 gene cluster in cerebrum, liver, and plasma of young and old male and female 5xFAD mice, in frontal cortex of male and female AD and non-AD patients, and in HEK293 cell cultures. We show IGF2 levels, Igf2 expression, histone acetylation, and H19 ICR methylation are lower in females than males. However, elevated Aβ42 levels are associated with Aβ42 binding to Igf2 DMR2, increased DNA and histone methylation, and a reduction in Igf2 expression and IGF2 levels in 5xFAD mice and AD patients, independent of H19 ICR methylation. Cell culture results confirmed the binding of Aβ42 to Igf2 DMR2 increased DNA and histone methylation, and reduced Igf2 expression. These results indicate an age- and sex-related causal relationship among Aβ42 levels, epigenomic state, and Igf2 expression in AD and provide a potential mechanism for Igf2 regulation in normal and pathological conditions, suggesting IGF2 levels may be a useful diagnostic biomarker for Aβ42 targeted AD therapies.
Macromolecular crowding regulates matrix composition and gene expression in human gingival fibroblast cultures
Authors: Ramalingam Rajesvaran , Jiang Guoqiao , Larjava Hannu , Häkkinen Lari
Published: February 2023

Standard cell cultures are performed in aqueous media with a low macromolecule concentration compared to tissue microenvironment. In macromolecular crowding (MMC) experiments, synthetic polymeric crowders are added into cell culture media to better mimic macromolecule concentrations found in vivo. However, their effect on cultured cells is incompletely understood and appears context-dependent. Here we show using human gingival fibroblasts, a cell type associated with fast and scarless wound healing, that MMC (standard medium supplemented with Ficoll 70/400) potently modulates fibroblast phenotype and extracellular matrix (ECM) composition compared to standard culture media (nMMC) over time. MMC significantly reduced cell numbers, but increased accumulation of collagen I, cellular fibronectin, and tenascin C, while suppressing level of SPARC (Secreted Protein Acidic and Cysteine Rich). Out of the 75 wound healing and ECM related genes studied, MMC significantly modulated expression of 25 genes compared to nMMC condition. MMC also suppressed myofibroblast markers and promoted deposition of basement membrane molecules collagen IV, laminin 1, and expression of LAMB3 (Laminin Subunit Beta 3) gene. In cell-derived matrices produced by a novel decellularization protocol, the altered molecular composition of MMC matrices was replicated. Thus, MMC may improve cell culture models for research and provide novel approaches for regenerative therapy.
A numerical study on the relationship between the doping and performance in P3HT:PCBM organic bulk heterojunction solar cells
Authors: Movla Hossein , Shahalizad Afshin , Asgari Asghar
Published: February 2023

In this study, we perform a simulation analysis to investigate the influence of p-type and n-type doping concentration in BHJ SCs using the drift-diffusion model. Specifically, we investigate the effect of doping on the charge carrier transport and calculate the above-mentioned device parameters. We show that doping the active layer can increase the cell characteristic parameters, that the results are in an excellent agreement with the experimental results previously reported in the literature. We also show that doping causes space charge effects which subsequently lead to redistribution of the internal electric field in the device. Our results reveal that higher doping levels lead to screening the electrical field in the P3HT:PCBM active region. This in turn forces the charge carrier transport to be solely dominated by the diffusion, consequently decreasing the performance of the device. We also show that doping of the active layer to an optimum level can effectively improve the charge transport. Moreover, we show that doping can create an Ohmic contact between the organic and cathode interface. Additionally, the charge carrier concentration profile shows that by increasing the dopant concentration, the $$J_{sc}$$

J

sc

can be improved remarkably. Upon doping the active layer, this indicates that illumination can simply reduce the series resistance in the device.
Impact of GAP-43, Cx43 and actin expression on the outcome and overall survival in diffuse and anaplastic gliomas
Authors: Krigers Aleksandrs , Demetz Matthias , Moser Patrizia , Kerschbaumer Johannes , Brawanski Konstantin R. , Fritsch Helga , Thomé Claudius , Freyschlag Christian F.
Published: February 2023

Distant intercellular communication in gliomas is based on the expansion of tumor microtubuli, where actin forms cytoskeleton and GAP-43 mediates the axonal conus growth. We aimed to investigate the impact of GAP-43 and actin expression on overall survival (OS) as well as crucial prognostic factors. FFPE tissue of adult patients with diffuse and anaplastic gliomas, who underwent first surgery in our center between 2010 and 2019, were selected. GAP-43, Cx43 and actin expression was analyzed using immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitatively ranked. 118 patients with a median age of 46 years (IqR: 35–57) were evaluated. 48 (41%) presented with a diffuse glioma and 70 (59%) revealed anaplasia. Tumors with higher expression of GAP-43 (p = 0.024, HR = 1.71/rank) and actin (p < 0.001, HR = 2.28/rank) showed significantly reduced OS. IDH1 wildtype glioma demonstrated significantly more expression of all proteins: GAP-43 (p = 0.009), Cx43 (p = 0.003) and actin (p < 0.001). The same was confirmed for anaplasia (GAP-43 p = 0.028, actin p = 0.029), higher proliferation rate (GAP-43 p = 0.016, actin p = 0.038), contrast-enhancement in MRI (GAP-43 p = 0.023, actin p = 0.037) and age (GAP-43 p = 0.004, actin p < 0.001; Cx43 n.s. in all groups). The intercellular distant communication network in diffuse and anaplastic gliomas formed by actin and GAP-43 is associated with a negative impact on overall survival and with unfavorable prognostic features. Cx43 did not show relevant impact on OS.
Prehistoric human migration between Sundaland and South Asia was driven by sea-level rise
Authors: Kim Hie Lim , Li Tanghua , Kalsi Namrata , Nguyen Hung Tran The , Shaw Timothy A. , Ang Khai C. , Cheng Keith C. , Ratan Aakrosh , Peltier W. Richard , Samanta Dhrubajyoti , Pratapneni Mahesh , Schuster Stephan C. , Horton Benjamin P.
Published: February 2023

Rapid sea-level rise between the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the mid-Holocene transformed the Southeast Asian coastal landscape, but the impact on human demography remains unclear. Here, we create a paleogeographic map, focusing on sea-level changes during the period spanning the LGM to the present-day and infer the human population history in Southeast and South Asia using 763 high-coverage whole-genome sequencing datasets from 59 ethnic groups. We show that sea-level rise, in particular meltwater pulses 1 A (MWP1A, ~14,500–14,000 years ago) and 1B (MWP1B, ~11,500–11,000 years ago), reduced land area by over 50% since the LGM, resulting in segregation of local human populations. Following periods of rapid sea-level rises, population pressure drove the migration of Malaysian Negritos into South Asia. Integrated paleogeographic and population genomic analysis demonstrates the earliest documented instance of forced human migration driven by sea-level rise.
Selfish bacteria are active throughout the water column of the ocean
Authors: Giljan Greta , Brown Sarah , Lloyd C Chad , Ghobrial Sherif , Amann Rudolf , Arnosti Carol
Published: February 2023

Heterotrophic bacteria in the ocean invest carbon, nitrogen, and energy in extracellular enzymes to hydrolyze large substrates to smaller sizes suitable for uptake. Since hydrolysis products produced outside of a cell may be lost to diffusion, the return on this investment is uncertain. Selfish bacteria change the odds in their favor by binding, partially hydrolyzing, and transporting polysaccharides into the periplasmic space without loss of hydrolysis products. We expected selfish bacteria to be most common in the upper ocean, where phytoplankton produce abundant fresh organic matter, including complex polysaccharides. We, therefore, sampled water in the western North Atlantic Ocean at four depths from three stations differing in physiochemical conditions; these stations and depths also differed considerably in microbial community composition. To our surprise, we found that selfish bacteria are common throughout the water column of the ocean, including at depths greater than 5500 m. Selfish uptake as a strategy thus appears to be geographically—and phylogenetically—widespread. Since processing and uptake of polysaccharides require enzymes that are highly sensitive to substrate structure, the activities of these bacteria might not be reflected by measurements relying on uptake only of low molecular weight substrates. Moreover, even at the bottom of the ocean, the supply of structurally-intact polysaccharides, and therefore the return on enzymatic investment, must be sufficient to maintain these organisms.
Differential response for multiple ions: a smart probe to construct optically tunable molecular logic systems
Authors: Karar Monaj , Fernandes Rikitha S. , Dey Nilanjan
Published: February 2023

A wide-range of trivial and non-trivial logic gates have been designed based on differential opto-chemical interactions of a single molecular probe.
Relativistic effects in complex compounds containing heavy elements: ternary Cu–Tl–X (X = S/Se/Te)
Authors: Ke Da , Li Leiqiang , Zhang Yubo
Published: February 2023

Relativistic terms of mass-velocity, Darwin, and spin–orbit-coupling play distinct roles in modifying the band topologies of diamond-like Cu-chalcogenides. Strong core contraction in Tl atoms leads to non-centrosymmetric defective structures.
The impact of iron–boron electrocatalysts on the charge transport and oxygen evolution reaction of bismuth vanadate photoanodes
Authors: Hu Yingfei , Hu Qingyuan , Qi Yujia , Zhang Wenyan , Liu Chao , Wang Yuanyuan , Guan Hangmin , Hao Lingyun
Published: February 2023

The Fe–Bielectrocatalyst significantly improved the PEC performance of the BiVO4photoanode.
A universal synthesis of ultrathin Pd-based nanorings for efficient ethanol electrooxidation
Authors: Wang Yu , Li Mengfan , Yang Zhilong , Lai Wenchuan , Ge Jingjie , Shao Minhua , Xiang Yu , Chen Xuli , Huang Hongwen
Published: February 2023

Metallic nanorings (NRs) with an open hollow structure are of particular interest in energy-related catalysis due to their unique features, which include the high utilization of active sites and facile accessibility for reactants.
On-nanoparticle monolayers as a solute-specific, solvent-like phase
Authors: Ahumada Juan C. , Ahumada Guillermo , Sobolev Yaroslav , Kim Minju , Grzybowski Bartosz A.
Published: February 2023

Nanometer-thin self-assembled monolayers on nanoparticles can act akin to solvents and partition small molecules from the surrounding solution according to their log P values.
Valid design and evaluation of cathode and anode materials of aqueous zinc ion batteries with high-rate capability and cycle stability
Authors: Lee Se Hun , Han Juyeon , Cho Tae Woong , Kim Gyung Hyun , Yoo Young Joon , Park JuSang , Kim Young Jun , Lee Eun Jung , Lee Sihyun , Mhin Sungwook , Park Sang Yoon , Yoo Jeeyoung , Lee Sang-Hwa
Published: February 2023

The rate capability of the AVNF//Al2O3@Zn was 108 mAh g-1 even at 20 A g-1, by employing the sonochemical method, which is the fast and efficient synthesis. The Zn anode were coated by Al2O3 of 9.9 nm, and therefore, the initial capacity is maintained to 94 % after 5,000 cycles even at 10 A g-1.
Palladium- and Brønsted acid-catalyzed enantio-, site- and E/Z-selective addition of alkylidenecyclopropanes with imines
Authors: Liu Xin-Lian , Lin Han-Ze , Tan Lu-Qi , Peng Jin-Bao
Published: February 2023

An enantio-, site- and E/Z-selective addition of ACPs with imines for the synthesis of dienyl substituted amines has been developed via palladium- and Brønsted acid co-catalysis.
Corrosion engineering approach to rapidly prepare Ni(Fe)OOH/Ni(Fe)Sx nanosheet arrays for efficient water oxidation
Authors: Chen Mingyue , Li Wenhui , Lu Yu , Qi Pengcheng , Wu Hao , Liu Gaofu , Zhao Yue , Tang Yiwen
Published: February 2023

The heat generation in the corrosion solution was precisely controlled and successfully induced the hydrolysis of (NH2)2CS, and an alkaline environment was created for the rapid growth of Ni(Fe)OOH/Ni(Fe)Sx.
Achieving high energy storage in BaTiO3/rGO/PVDF nanocomposites by regulating the charge transfer path at the hetero-interface
Authors: Yu Yange , Shao Wenzhu , Liu Yue , Li Yang , Zhong Jing , Ye Huijian , Zhen Liang
Published: February 2023

rGO played the trapping role, optimizing the charge transfer path and improving both Ue and η, which are superior to the data in the literature. An effective strategy for creating high-energy storage polymer nanocomposites is presented in this study.
An efficient polymer acceptor with fluorinated linkers enables all polymer solar cells with an efficiency of 15.7%
Authors: Xiao Haiqin , Lv Junfang , Liu Miao , Guo Xia , Xia Xinxin , Lu Xinhui , Zhang Maojie
Published: February 2023

A polymer acceptor PY-DF was developed by incorporating difluorothiophenes as linking units. The resulting all-PSCs obtained the best PCE (15.7%) with both enhancedVOC(0.97 V) andJSC(23.1 mA cm−2) simultaneously.
Extremely high-efficiency solar steam generation, robust and scalable photothermal evaporator based on ZIF-67@MXene/rGO decorated rock wool
Authors: Ginting Riski Titian , Abdullah Hairus , Barus Diana Alemin , Fauzia Vivi
Published: February 2023

For the first-time, recycled RW waste is decorated with a ZIF-67, MXene and reduced graphene oxide as the photothermal evaporator. Solar-thermal conversion efficiency of 153.7% was achieved under 1 sun illumination.
Multifunctionalized flower-like gold nanoparticles with high chemiluminescence for label-free sensing of the hepatitis C virus core protein
Authors: Tian Yafei , Zhang Yujiao , Lu Xueyun , Xiao Dan , Zhou Cuisong
Published: February 2023

The synthesis of Co2+/CS/Lum/AuNFs and the label-free sensing of HCVcp is reported.
Rapid binary visual detection of oxalate in urine samples of urolithiasis patients via competitive recognition and distance reading test strips
Authors: Chen Piaopiao , Cen Lihang , Wang Yue , Bai Yunjin , Shi Tian , Chen Xianhua
Published: February 2023

The rapid binary visual detection of oxalate in urine samples of urolithiasis patients via the competitive recognition of Cu2+ and Cu+ by CdTe QDs and calcein and distance reading test strips.
Interface engineering of perovskite nanocrystals: challenges and opportunities for biological imaging and detection
Authors: Cheng Lijun , Chi Jimei , Su Meng , Song Yanlin
Published: February 2023

This perspective discusses the recent progress and efforts on the interface engineering of water-resistant perovskite nanocrystals as fluorescent probes for biological diagnosis.
Regio- and stereospecificcis-hydrophenoxylation of ynamides with acidic phenols
Authors: Wang Ting , Wan Yuyan , Xu Mingyao , Wang Yi , Hong Xu-Jia , Gao Hui , Zhou Zhi , Yi Wei , Zeng Zhongyi
Published: February 2023

Herein, a reagent-free regio- and stereospecificcis-hydrophenoxylation of ynamides with acidic phenols, which meets the demands of modern green chemistry well, has been achieved.
Microwave-assisted copper catalyzed decarboxylative reductive coupling ofpara-quinone methides with 3-indoleacetic acids: rapid access to polycyclic spiroindolequinone derivatives
Authors: Song Gui-Ting , Liu Yuan , Hu Xin-Yue , Li Shu-Ting , Liu Jian-Bo , Li Yong , Qu Chuan-Hua
Published: February 2023

Indolylated diarylmethanes derived from microwave-assisted copper catalyzed decarboxylative reductive coupling ofpara-quinone methides with 3-indoleacetic acids make spiroindolequinones rapidly accessible.
Affine projection‐like optimal control of UIPC in networked microgrids with controllable loads
Authors: Zolfaghari Mahdi , Gharehpetian Gevork B.
Published: February 2023

The upcoming generation of power systems would be outlined as a system of systems in which many AC and DC microgrids are interconnected to exchange power in a controlled manner. In this work, a new platform for the interconnection of multiple microgrids using a unified interphase power controller (UIPC) is presented. The networked microgrids operate in an islanded mode where voltage control in DC microgrids, and voltage and frequency control in AC microgrids are demanding. Therefore, we develop a new structure for the UIPC according to a current‐controlled four‐leg power converter configuration which can satisfy voltage and frequency support at the AC side. Due to many power and voltage oscillations, UIPC control is challenging in this heterogeneous environment. Therefore, the UIPC is equipped with a new affine projection‐like optimal control (APLOC) strategy which enables the microgrids to safely exchange power when necessary. Further, each AC or DC microgrid contains a new controllable load model which is commanded by the UIPC according to the power management paradigm. Simulation results proved the sufficiency of the proposed networked microgrids model in both controlling the exchanged power among microgrids and improving power quality problems.
An improved power balancing control scheme for open‐winding permanent magnet synchronous machine based on redistribution of reference voltages
Authors: Lv Kangfei , Dong Xinwei , Zhu Chong , Nian Heng
Published: February 2023

In open‐winding permanent magnet synchronous machine (OW‐PMSM) applied in electric vehicular system, two voltage sources composed of battery packs are applied. For safety and better performance, the over‐discharge on one of these two voltage sources should be avoided and their state of charges (SOCs) should be controlled in balance. On this basis, a reference voltage redistribution‐based control scheme is proposed to balance the SOCs of OW‐PMSM system in this letter, which utilizes the SOCs of the two voltage sources to distribute the reference voltages into two inverters. With the proposed method, the SOCs of the two voltage sources can be controlled in balance dynamically, while the synthesis of the reference voltage is not affected. The performance of the proposed method is validated experimentally.
Analysis of linear permanent magnet switched reluctance motors with modular and segmental movers
Authors: Ghaffarpour Ali , Vatani Matin , Kondelaji Mohammad Amin Jalali , Mirsalim Mojtaba
Published: February 2023

Here, the authors propose two new Permanent Magnet (PM) embedded linear switched reluctance motors; one is a modular linear hybrid reluctance motor (MLHRM), and the other one is a segmental linear hybrid reluctance motor (SLHRM). Both structures employ PMs between the side teeth of the modules/segments. The main contribution of the PMs is to increase the air‐gap flux density, which results in an enhanced thrust, and decrease the magnetic saturation in iron parts. The magnetic equivalent circuit model is used to demonstrate the positive effect of inserting PMs in the MLHRM and SLHRM compared to their PMless counterparts. The optimal pole number and design procedure are illustrated. The simulation results are obtained in terms of static thrust, flux linkage, flux density distributions, and steady‐state current and thrust. The results show that the proposed MLHRM and SLHRM offer a higher thrust and lower current compared to their PMless form. Also, the PMs decrease the root mean square (RMS) current under the steady‐state performance of the motors, in which a higher thrust is produced with a lower RMS current. Finally, the MLHRM and SLHRM are fabricated and the test results are obtained and compared with the simulations, which illustrate a satisfactory agreement.
A high‐voltage solid‐state Marx generator with adjustable pulse edges
Authors: Rao Junfeng , Zhang Rui , Shi Fukun , Zhuang Longyu , Ji Zhenyu , Zhuang Jie
Published: February 2023

Most reactors for non‐thermal plasma excitation are capacitive to pulse generators. The density and temperature of electrons in plasma are dominated by the discharging currents which are proportional to the pulse edges. However, adjusting the pulse edges is quite challenging since the switching speed and the inductance and capacitance in the discharging loops dominate them. This study proposes a drive circuit for solid‐state Marx generators with adjustable edges. The drive circuit controls the Miller plateau by adjusting the gate voltage amplitude to adjust both the rise time and fall time of pulses continuously and independently. The influence of the gate voltage on the Miller plateau and the rise time is studied. The feasibility is verified by both simulating and experimental results. An 8‐stage solid‐state Marx generator prototype was built, and 4.8‐kV pulses with a rise time in the range of 79 ns‐22.21 μs were obtained over capacitive loads. Adjusting pulse edges can control the current amplitudes in dielectric barrier discharge loads.
Recent progress in image denoising: A training strategy perspective
Authors: Wu Wencong , Chen Mingfei , Xiang Yu , Zhang Yungang , Yang Yang
Published: February 2023

Image denoising is one of the hottest topics in image restoration area, it has achieved great progress both in terms of quantity and quality in recent years, especially after the wide and intensive application of deep neural networks. In many deep learning based image denoising models, the performance can greatly benefit from the prepared clean/noisy image pairs used for model training, however, it also limits the application of these models in real denoising scenes. Therefore, more and more researchers tend to develop models that can be learned without image pairs, namely the denoising models that can be well generalised in real‐world denoising tasks. This motivates to make a survey on the recent development of image denoising methods. In this paper, the typical denoising methods from the perspective of model training are reviewed, the reviewed methods are categorised into four classes: the models need clean/noisy image pairs to train, the models trained on multiple noisy images, the models can be learned from a single noisy image, and the visual transformer based models. The denoising results of different denoisers were compared on some public datasets to discover the performance and advantages. The challenges and future directions in image denoising area are also discussed.
Subspace gradient tests for range‐spread target detection in structured interference plus Gaussian clutter
Authors: Jian Tao , He Jia , Liu Yu , Wang Haipeng , Huang Xiaodong , Xie Zikeng
Published: February 2023

This study considers the problem of detecting range‐spread targets embedded in subspace interference plus Gaussian clutter with an unknown covariance matrix. The target and interference signals are modeled in terms of deterministic signals belonging to two known subspaces, respectively. Based on the Gradient test criterion, two adaptive detectors are devised for rejecting subspace interference in homogeneous and partially homogeneous environments, respectively. Both of the proposed detectors theoretically exhibit a desirable property of a constant false alarm rate with respect to the clutter covariance matrix as well as the power level. Furthermore, the numerical results show that, compared with their existing counterparts, the proposed detectors exhibit better detection performance and satisfactory suppression performance for the interference.
A novel linear frequency modulation signal generator in real‐time processing of airborne synthetic aperture radar
Authors: Chen Dongxu , Wei Tingcun , Li Gaoang , Zeng Jialong , Feng Jie , Yang Xudong , Yu Zhongjun
Published: February 2023

Generally, synthetic aperture radar(SAR)generates linear frequency modulation (LFM) signals by method of look‐up table (LUT), which requires calculating different LFM signals and storing these waveforms in advance. With the demand for multi‐mode, high‐resolution and wide swath of airborne SAR systems, the method of LUT is not available, because that requires huge storage resources. In order to solve these drawbacks in limited hardware resources, this letter proposes a novel LFM signal generator in real‐time processing. By taking advantage of high level synthesis (HLS) on FPGA, the proposed generator calculates the LFM signal simply using parameters of pulse width, bandwidth, and sampling frequency. Meanwhile, in order to compensate for the SAR system phase error, the proposed generator calculates phase error using a linear polynomial algorithm, which can compensate for the phase error in real time. The simulation results prove that this approximation can achieve a good effect. The performance of this method is implemented by experiments with an X‐band airborne SAR system.
SRG/eROSITA-triggered XMM-Newton observations of three Be/X-ray binaries in the LMC: Discovery of X-ray pulsations
Authors: Haberl F. , Maitra C. , Kaltenbrunner D. , Buckley D. A. H. , Monageng I. M. , Udalski A. , Doroshenko V. , Ducci L. , Kreykenbohm I. , Maggi P. , Rau A. , Vasilopoulos G. , Weber P. , Wilms J.
Published: February 2023

Context. Using data from eROSITA, the soft X-ray instrument aboard Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma (SRG), we report the discovery of two new hard transients, eRASSU J050810.4–660653 and eRASSt J044811.1–691318, in the Large Magellanic Cloud. We also report the detection of the Be/X-ray binary RX J0501.6–7034 in a bright state.

Aims. We initiated follow-up observations to investigate the nature of the new transients and to search for X-ray pulsations coming from RX J0501.6–7034.

Methods. We analysed the X-ray spectra and light curves from our XMM-Newton observations, obtained optical spectra using the South African Large Telescope to look for Balmer emission lines and utilised the archival data from the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) for the long-term monitoring of the optical counterparts.

Results. We find X-ray pulsations for eRASSU J050810.4–660653, RX J0501.6–7034, and eRASSt J044811.1–691318 of 40.6 s, 17.3 s, and 784 s, respectively. The Hα emission lines with equivalent widths of −10.4 Å (eRASSU J050810.4–660653) and −43.9 Å (eRASSt J044811.1–691318) were measured, characteristic for a circumstellar disc around Be stars. The OGLE I- and V-band light curves of all three systems exhibit strong variability. A regular pattern of deep dips in the light curves of RX J0501.6–7034 suggests an orbital period of ∼451 days.

Conclusions. We identify the two new hard eROSITA transients eRASSU J050810.4–660653 and eRASSt J044811.1–691318 and the known Be/X-ray binary RX J0501.6–7034 as Be/X-ray binary pulsars.
Fully decoupled energy-stable numerical schemes for two-phase coupled porous media and free flow with different densities and viscosities
Authors: Gao Yali , He Xiaoming , Lin Tao , Lin Yanping
Published: February 2023

In this article, we consider a phase field model with different densities and viscosities for the coupled two-phase porous media flow and two-phase free flow, as well as the corresponding numerical simulation. This model consists of three parts: a Cahn–Hilliard–Darcy system with different densities/viscosities describing the porous media flow in matrix, a Cahn–Hilliard–Navier–Stokes system with different densities/viscosities describing the free fluid in conduit, and seven interface conditions coupling the flows in the matrix and the conduit. Based on the separate Cahn–Hilliard equations in the porous media region and the free flow region, a weak formulation is proposed to incorporate the two-phase systems of the two regions and the seven interface conditions between them, and the corresponding energy law is proved for the model. A fully decoupled numerical scheme, including the novel decoupling of the Cahn–Hilliard equations through the four phase interface conditions, is developed to solve this coupled nonlinear phase field model. An energy-law preservation is analyzed for the temporal semi-discretization scheme. Furthermore, a fully discretized Galerkin finite element method is proposed. Six numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the accuracy, discrete energy law, and applicability of the proposed fully decoupled scheme.
Ocrelizumab-induced colitis and cytomegalovirus infection and their disadvantageous interaction with underlying multiple sclerosis
Authors: Lieb Sabine , Heni Maria , Rauschenberg Sophie , Lange Kay , Feisthammel Juergen , Bläker Hendrik , Wiegand Johannes
Published: February 2023

Ocrelizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody against the B-lymphocyte antigen CD20 and the only approved treatment option in primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Herpesvirus-related infections like cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections are common in patients receiving ocrelizumab, whereas gastrointestinal side effects with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) like esophagitis or colitis are very rare. This case report describes the challenging clinical, endoscopic, and histologic features of an ocrelizumab-induced colitis overlapping with CMV infection and their disadvantageous interaction with the underlying multiple sclerosis.
Emotional Lability as a Symptom of Extra-axial Posterior Fossa Tumors: a Case–Control Review of Neuroanatomy and Patient-Reported Quality of Life
Authors: Prakash Swetha , Gooderham Peter , Akagami Ryojo
Published: February 2023

Introduction Emotional lability (EL), the uncontrollable and unmotivated expression of emotion, is a rare and distressing symptom of brainstem compression. In published case reports, EL from an extra-axial posterior fossa tumor was alleviated by tumor resection. The primary aim herein was to radiographically establish the degree of compression from mass lesions onto brainstem structures. Secondarily, we compared changes in patient-reported quality of life (QOL) pre- and postoperatively.

Methods A retrospective review of posterior fossa tumors treated between 2002 and 2018 at Vancouver General Hospital revealed 11 patients with confirmed EL. Each case was matched to three controls. A lateral brainstem compression scale characterized mass effect at the level of the medulla, pons, and midbrain in preoperative axial T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging (FLAIR MRI) scans. Compression and clinical variables were compared between patient groups. Short Form-36 version 1 health surveys were retrospectively obtained from patient charts to compare pre- versus postoperative changes in survey scores between EL and control patients.

Results EL symptoms ceased postoperatively for all EL patients. EL tumors exert greater compression onto the pons (p = 0.03) and EL patients more commonly have cerebellar findings preoperatively (p = 0.003). Patients with EL-causing tumors experienced greater improvement postoperatively in “Health Change” (p = 0.05), which was maintained over time.

Conclusion Findings suggest that compression onto the pons inhibits control over involuntary, stereotyped expression of emotion. This adds to evidence that EL may be attributed to cerebellum deafferentation from cortical and limbic structures through the basis pontis, leading to impaired modulation of emotional response. QOL results augment benefits of offering patients EL-alleviating tumor resection surgery.
Use of Intraoperative Neuromonitoring in Surgical Treatment of Acute Presentation of Chiari I Malformation: A Case Report
Authors: Ng Christina , Vazquez Sima , Auerbach-Tash Rose , Naftchi Alexandria F. , Dominguez Jose F. , Singh Aalok R. , Overby Philip , Muh Carrie R.
Published: February 2023

Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) has been used in neurosurgical procedures to assess patient safety and minimize risk of neurological deficit. However, its use in decompressive surgeries of Chiari malformation type I (CM-I) remains a topic of debate. Here we present the case of a 5-year-old girl who presented with acute right lower extremity monoplegia after accidental self-induced hyperflexion of the neck while playing. Imaging revealed 15 mm of tonsillar ectopia with cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord edema. She was taken to surgery for a suboccipital decompression with expansile duraplasty. IONM demonstrated improvement in motor evoked potentials during the decompression. Postoperatively, she had full recovery of strength and mobility. This is a case of acute weakness after mild trauma in the setting of previously asymptomatic CM-I that showed close correlation with IONM, clinical findings, and imaging. IONM during decompressive surgery for CM-I may be useful in patients who present acutely with cervical cord edema.
The Allentown Connection—A Tribute for Lew Jae-duk, the “Father of Korean Plastic Surgery”
Authors: Hallock Geoffrey G. , Hong Joon Pio
Published: February 2023

In retrospect, the irony of this story began with the first meeting of these co-authors—in of all places, Coimbatore, India, in 2008, at the 12th International Perforator Flap Course. Here the junior author [hereafter “jp”] demonstrated his unparalleled skills in networking, and soon thereafter journeyed some 11,073 km to Allentown, U.S. to peruse the operating room and clinics of the senior author [sic. ggh] in action. Within 2 years jp orchestrated the presentation of the 14th International Perforator Flap Course, so ggh with great anticipation flew only 6,830 miles to reach Seoul, Korea for his first time. But four years more elapsed before ggh returned again to Korea to be a visiting professor, all the while not quite sure why any Korean would want anything from a country doctor who resided in nowheresville Allentown, Pennsylvania. Yet, an extraordinary fact then was to be unveiled, about which ggh was totally ignorant. The pioneer of plastic surgery in Korea, the first Korean to have completed an accredited plastic surgery fellowship, by coincidence had accomplished all this in … Allentown. The collegial relationship that evolved between these co-authors, who met by chance, indeed had a precedent coincidence! Was this “by chance” alone or predestination? Amazingly, in a way similar, the origin of plastic surgery itself in Korea also had Allentown connections. As a tribute to Lew Jae-duk, this important story must be here told, so let us now retrace his past in Allentown so we can find how the future was to be not so far away.
Preparing the Bowel (Microbiome) for Surgery: Surgical Bioresilience
Authors: Paine Heidi , Jones Faye , Kinross James
Published: February 2023

The preparation of the bowel for radical surgery is a corner stone of elective colorectal practice. The evidence for this intervention is of variable quality and it is often contradictory, yet there is now a global move toward the adoption of oral antibiotic therapy for the reduction of perioperative infective complications, such as surgical site infections. The gut microbiome is a critical mediator of the systemic inflammatory response to surgical injury, wound healing, and perioperative gut function. The loss of critical microbial symbiotic functions caused by bowel preparation and surgery has an adverse impact on surgical outcomes, yet the mechanisms through which this occurs are poorly defined. In this review, the evidence for bowel preparation strategies is critically appraised in the context of the gut microbiome. The impact of antibiotic therapy on the surgical gut microbiome and the importance of the intestinal “resistome” to surgical recovery is described. Data to support the augmentation of the microbiome through diet, probiotic and symbiotic approaches, as well as fecal transplantation are also appraised. Finally, we propose a novel strategy of bowel preparation defined as “surgical bioresilience” and define areas or prioritization in this emerging field. This describes the optimization of surgical intestinal homeostasis and core surgical exposome-microbiome interactions that regulate the wound immune microenvironment, the systemic inflammatory response to surgical injury, and gut function across the perioperative time course.
Pulmonary Vein Stump Thrombosis and Cerebral Infarction after Left Upper Lobectomy
Authors: Yasuura Yoshiyuki , Kayata Hiroyuki , Konno Hayato , Kojima Hideaki , Mizuno Tetsuya , Isaka Mitsuhiro , Ohde Yasuhisa
Published: February 2023

Background Pulmonary vein stump thrombosis may occur after left upper lobectomy (LUL) and is a potential risk factor for cerebral infarction. However, there are few reports on the role of pulmonary vein stump thrombosis in the development of cerebral infarction. We aimed to clarify the correlation between pulmonary vein stump thrombosis and cerebral infarction following LUL.

Methods We evaluated 296 patients who underwent contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) after LUL for lung cancer at the Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital in Shizuoka, Japan, between September 2002 and December 2015. The cerebral infarction in patients with pulmonary vein stump thrombosis was examined, and the risk factors for cerebral infarction were identified via a univariate analysis of the clinicopathological and surgical variables.

Results Overall, 179 men and 117 women (median age: 68 years; range: 36–88 years) were included. The median observation period was 68 months. Pulmonary vein stump thrombosis occurred in 21 (7%) patients and cerebral infarction occurred in 15 (5%) patients. None of the 21 patients with pulmonary vein stump thrombosis developed cerebral infarction. Most cerebral infarctions (12/15) were diagnosed in the late phase (> 3 months). The pathological stage of cancer was found to be the only significant risk factor for cerebral infarction by the univariate analysis.

Conclusion Pulmonary vein stump thrombosis following LUL was not necessarily associated with cerebral infarction, including the late phase. A prospective observational study with contrast-enhanced chest CT would be required to investigate the risk factors for cerebral infarction in each phase of the postoperative period.