bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance evaluation of actively managed mutual funds
Authors: Kenneth Malefo Boikanyo , Hsieh Heng-Hsing , Hodnett Kathleen
Published: December 2016

Motivated by the growing attraction of the mutual fund industry worldwide, this research seeks to explore the economic benefits contributed by the South African equity unit trust managers over the period from 6 January 2002 to 2 September 2012. The performance statistics of selected equity unit trusts are examined for the overall examination period and two sub-periods: 6 January 2002 to 6 May 2007 and 7 May 2007 to 2 September 2012. The first sub-period captures the bullish performance of the unit trusts before the 2008 global financial crisis. The second sub-period captures the global financial crisis and the European debt crisis before the European Central Bank (ECB) subsequently implemented the outright monetary transactions (OMT) to curb the yields in Eurozone. The risk-adjusted performance measures employed by this study include the Sharpe ratio, M-squared, Treynor measure and Jensen’s alpha. Regardless of the different applications of risk-return parameters employed to evaluate fund performance, the results reveal that, on average, most of the equity unit trust managers in South Africa do not outperform the market proxy on a consistent basis. The majority of the unit trust managers show good performance before the crisis, with subsequent inferiority in performance in turbulent times.
Keywords: unit trusts, active portfolio management, passive portfolio management, performance evaluation, efficient market hypothesis (EMH). JEL Classification: G11, G12, G14, G15
Modeling jumps in organization of petroleum exporting countries basket price using generalized autoregressive heteroscedasticity and conditional jump
Authors: Bahramgiri Mohsen , Gharaati Shahabeddin , Dolatabadi Iman
Published: December 2016

This paper uses autoregressive jump intensity (ARJI) model to show that the oil price has both GARCH and conditional jump component. In fact, the distribution of oil prices is not normal, and oil price returns have conditional heteroskedasticity. Here the authors compare constant jump intensity with the dynamic jump intensity and evidences demonstrate that oil price returns have dynamic jump intensity. Therefore, there is strong evidence of time varying jump intensity Generalized Autoregressive Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) behavior in the oil price returns. The findings have several implications: first, it shows that oil price is highly sensitive to news, and it does settle around a trend in long-run. Second, the model separates variances of high volatilities from smooth volatilities. Third, the model rejects an optimal path for extracting oil and technology transmission. In fact, the lack of a long-term pattern can cause excessive oil extracting which can result in heavy climatic effects.
Keywords: generalized autoregressive heteroscedasticity (GARCH), jumps, basket, oil price, Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), Autoregre-ssive jump intensity (ARJI). JEL Classification: C32, C52, F31
Minimum sum regression as the optimum robust algorithm in the computation of financial beta
Authors: G. Russon Manuel , J. Neumann John
Published: December 2016

In the world of finance and portfolio management, “beta” refers to the sensitivity of a security’s return, to the sensitivity of the “market” portfolio and is an indication of the level of systematic risk, i.e., the amount of risk that a company’s equity shares with the entire market. Correct values for beta are crucial for institutional portfolio managers, as the client contract almost always calls for a portfolio beta approximately equal to 1.0. Typically, beta is estimated using Ordinary Least Squares, but OLS is reliant on some very stringent assumptions. Here, betas are computed and compared using OLS and four robust regression algorithms. Minimum sum regression is identified as the superior robust regression algorithm to estimate beta.
Keywords: Financial Beta, Ordinary Least Squares, Robust Regression, Portfolio Management. JEL Classification: C21, G11
The impact of macroeconomic factors on the real estate investment trust index return on Japan, Singapore and China
Authors: Fang Hao , Chang Tsang-Yao , Lee Yen-Hsien , Chen Wei-Jui
Published: December 2016

This study contributes to the existing literature by combining the multiple methods to clarify the influence of the macroeconomic factors on the real estate investment trust (REIT) index in three Asian countries. The authors, first, use an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test to find that a long-run equilibrium exists between the REIT index and the interest rate, inflation rate, and stock index for China and Singapore. The authors, then, analyze the long- and short-run elasticity of the macroeconomic variables on the REIT index. Finally, using the Granger non-causality test, the authors demonstrate that a unidirectional relationship, in which inflation-rate shifts cause REIT index changes, exists in Japan and Singapore and that a wealth effect, in which stock index movements cause REIT index changes, exists in Singapore. The findings have economic implications for investors seeking to gain from REITs using macroeconomic factors.
Keywords: REITs, macroeconomic factor, ARDL bounds test, ARDL long-run model, error-correction model, Granger non-causality test. JEL Classification: C22, G11, L85, D53, C58, F14
Influence of attapulgite addition on the biological performance and microbial communities of submerged dynamic membrane bioreactor
Authors: Duan Wensong , Niu Qigui , Xu Xiaoguang , Li Wei , Fu Dafang
Published: December 2016

A submerged dynamic membrane bioreactor (sDMBR) was developed to test the influence of attapulgite (AT) addition on the treatment performances and the microbial community structure and function. The batch experimental results displayed the highest UV254 and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal efficiencies with 5% AT/mixed liquid suspended solids addition dosage. The continuous sDMBR results showed that the removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand, NH4+-N, total nitrogen and total phosphorus significantly increased in the AT added sDMBR. Excitation emission matrix analysis demonstrated that the protein-like peaks and fulvic acid-like peaks were significantly decreased in both in the mixed liquid and the effluent of the AT added reactor. The obligate anaerobes were observed in the sDMBR with AT addition, such as Bacteroidetes and Gamma proteobacterium in the dynamic membrane, which played an important role in the process of sludge granulation. Bacterial community richness significantly increased after AT addition with predominated phyla of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Similarly, species abundance significantly increased in the AT added sDMBR. Further investigations with cluster proved that AT was a favorite biological carrier for the microbial ecology, which enriched microbial abundance and community diversity of the sDMBR.
Alzheimer's Disease: A Review from the Pathophysiology to Diagnosis, New Perspectives for Pharmacological Treatment
Authors: dos Santos Picanco Leide Caroline , Ozela Priscilla F. , de Fatima de Brito Brito Maiara , Pinheiro Abraao A. , Padilha Elias C. , Braga Francinaldo S. , de Paula da Silva Carlos Henrique Tomich , dos Santos Cleydson Breno Rodrigues , Rosa Joaquín M.C. , da Silva Hage-Melim Lorane Izabel
Published: December 2016

Dementia is characterized by the impairment of cognition and behavior of people
over 65 years. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder in
the world, as approximately 47 million people are affected by this disease and the tendency is
that this number will increase to 62% by 2030. Two microscopic features assist in the characterization
of the disease, the amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary agglomerates. All these factors
are responsible for the slow and gradual deterioration of memory that affect language,
personality or cognitive control. For the AD diagnosis, neuropsychological tests are performed
in different spheres of cognitive functions but since not all cognitive functions may be
affected, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers are used along with these tests. To date, cholinesterase
inhibitors are used as treatment, they are the only drugs that have shown significant improvements
in the cognitive functions of AD patients. Despite the proven effectiveness of
cholinesterase inhibitors, an AD carrier, even while being treated, is continually subjected to
progressive degeneration of the neuronal tissue. For this reason, other biochemical pathways
associated with the pathophysiology of AD have been explored as alternatives to the treatment
of this condition such as inhibition of β-secretase and glycogen synthase kinase-3β. The present
study aims to conduct a review of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, symptoms, diagnosis
and treatment of Alzheimer's disease, emphasizing the research and development of new
therapeutic approaches.
Micronutrients and Bone Growth in Preadolescent Children from Developing Countries
Authors: Kruger Marlena , Gericke Gerda , White Zelda
Published: December 2016

Objective:

Childhood undernutrition may result in poor physical development, and negatively impact on the workforce and society. We examined from the literature how micronutrient deficiencies may affect bone growth in preadolescent children in developing countries.

Results:

Overall data from many studies carried out during the past 30 years show that dietary supplementation of children in developing countries may improve growth and development. Although the first few months and years of life have been considered key to these improvements, supplementation at any age may be able to influence bone health and physical development. There is considerable data in support of calcium supplementation, either in tablet form or from increased intake of dairy products, but it now seems likely that calcium alone may not be sufficient to enhance growth, unless other vital micronutrients are also provided. The recent societal changes in South Africa have resulted in an influx of cheap, nutrient-poor foods, leading to widespread childhood undernourishment in mainly black children in resource-constrained communities. Data on dietary supplementation and long-term outcomes in these children are still lacking.

Conclusion:

An understanding of the complex interactions between macro- and micronutrients in enhancing physical growth and development, and a consensus on the optimal timing and delivery system of supplementation is required to improve child health in developing countries, including Africa. The efficacy and efficiency of food based programmes versus supplementation should be critically assessed.
A Narrative Account of the Life Experiences of Older Somali Refugee Women
Authors: Shirazi Mehra , Caynan Kaltun
Published: December 2016

The purpose of this paper was to explore the factors that shape identity, agency, and quality of life for older Somali refugee women. The author used a narrative inquiry approach to analyze the life stories of 12 Somali refugee women. Narratives were analyzed for both content and form, and three main themes were identified: (1) journey of trauma and coping, (2) identity and perceptions of home and belonging, and (3) navigating a complex health care system. The findings underscore the importance of understanding the complexity of Somali refugee women’s voices in response to coping with trauma, resettlement, and belonging.
A New Class of Distributions Based on Hurwitz Zeta Function with Applications for Risk Management
Authors: Landsman Zinoviy , Makov Udi , Shushi Tomer
Published: December 2016

This paper constructs a new family of distributions, which is based on the Hurwitz zeta function, which includes novel distributions as well important known distributions such as the normal, gamma, Weibull, Maxwell-Boltzmann and the exponential power distributions. We provide the n-th moment, the Esscher transform and premium and the tail conditional moments for this family.
DEKONSTRUKSI PRANATA ERTURANG PADA PERKAWINAN SEMARGA
Authors: Sinulingga Novrasilofa
Published: December 2016

Modernisasi dan globalisasi telah menyentuh seluruh aspek kehidupan sosial budaya masyarakat  termasuk masyarakat Suku Karo di Berastagi. Salah satu budaya karo yang mengalami perubahan adalah pranata erturang. Pranata ini dipahami oleh kaum muda sebagai pranata yang kuno dan cenderung mengikat, sehingga saat ini kaum muda mengaplikasikan pranata tersebut sesuai dengan keinginannya yang dianggap sesuai dengan keadaan sekarang. Akibatnya secara tidak langsung kaum muda telah mendekonstruksi makna dari erturang tersebut sesuai dengan kapasitasnya saat ini. Akibatnya pranata tersebut sebagai sebuah struktur telah mengalami perubahan makna dan konsep. Perubahan ini juga akhirnya memunculkan perkawinan yang dianggap menyimpang bagi Suku Karo. Perkawinan semarga ini tentunya tidak dapat diterima oleh berbagai kalangan, oleh karena itu pelakunya berusaha untuk mensahkan hubungannya dengan berbagai cara.  Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan etnografi, selain itu untuk mendapatkan data dilakukan observasi, wawancara, serta studi dokumen tertulis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap bagaimana kaum muda memahami pranata erturang saat ini dan bagaimana proses serta implikasi perkawinan semarga bagi para pelakunya. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori dekonstruksi dan strukturasi untuk membantu menjabarkan haasil penelitian. AsbtractModernism and globalitation have reach trough socio-cultural life aspect include Karo clan in Berastagi. One of socio-cultural that had been changed was Erturang regulation. Youth have seen this regulation as ancient regulation and binding, so in this recent time youth implicating this depend on their volition that they think it is appropriate with the current situation. Youth were deconstructed erturang regulation means indirectly according to its recent capacity. As a result, regulation as structur have been changing in meaning and concept. This transformation in the end bring out same clan marriage. This marriage can’t come in through society, the concequence doer try to ratify by any ways.This research is done by use etnography approach, other than that in data collecting observation, interview and document studying have been done. This research aims to reveal how youth understanding erturang regulation recent time, how it process, and impact from same clan marriage to doer. This reseach is done by use deconstruction and struturations theory to support reseach result announce.
Диагностика и лечение синдрома поликистозных яичников в детской гинекологии
Authors: Serhiienko М.Yu. , Yakovleva E.B. , Mironenko D.M.
Published: December 2016

Диагностика синдрома поликистозных яичников (СПКЯ) в подростковом возрасте по-прежнему вызывает много вопросов. Проблема состоит в том, что характеристики нормального полового созревания часто совпадают с симптомами СПКЯ, поэтому ряд исследователей предлагают к постановке диагноза применять более жесткие требования. Мы с осторожностью подходим к постановке окончательного диагноза СПКЯ с учетом его трактовки как глобальной проблемы соматического здоровья — эндокринно-метаболического статуса, сердечно-сосудистого и онкогенного риска. Кроме того, одним из основных способов терапии СПКЯ является прием комбинированных оральных контрацептивов, которые нежелательно назначать девочкам-подросткам в случае олиго- и аменореи без тщательного обследования и использования всех возможностей витаминофитотерапии и гестагенов.
Вплив гіпертиреоїдизму та стану жіночої репродуктивної системи на розвиток остеопенічного синдрому
Authors: Herasymenko L.V.
Published: December 2016

Дослідження присвячене визначенню впливу гіпертиреозу внаслідок дифузного токсичного зоба на стан кісткової системи у жінок. За даними ультразвукової денситометрії виявлено патологічні зміни стану кісткової системи як у репродуктивному віці, так і в менопаузі. Особливо виражений вплив гіпертиреоз справляв на стан кісткової системи в жінок у періоді менопаузи, для яких характерною була наявність тяжкої остеопенії та системного остеопорозу (75 та 25 % відповідно). Отримані дані вказують на необхідність лікування остеопоротичного синдрому, що ускладнює перебіг дифузного токсичного зоба у жінок та підвищує ризик патологічних переломів.
Фізіологічні зміни функції щитоподібної залози під час вагітності
Authors: Prylutskyi O.S. , Hlushych S.Yu.
Published: December 2016

Проаналізовано дані літератури щодо зміни функції щитоподібної залози під час вагітності. Описано низку чинників (підвищення рівня хоріонічного гонадотропіну людини, естрогенів, зміна процесів дейодування, потреби в йоді та ін.), що впливають на синтез вільних і зв’язаних фракцій тиреоїдних гормонів. Вказані характерні відмінності зазначених даних у різні триместри вагітності. Показано, що в багатьох вагітних рівень гормонів щитоподібної залози може виходити за межі нормальних значень. За даними літератури, у 9,7–30 % жінок рівень тиреотропного гормона не відповідає встановленим триместр-специфічним інтервалам. Напружена робота щитоподібної залози в матері підвищує ризик розвитку в ній патологічних змін, а порушення її функції становить ризик захворювань щитоподібної залози й у плода. З урахуванням вищевикладеного важлива своєчасна діагностика функції щитоподібної залози, контроль активності адаптивно-пристосувальних процесів гіпофізарно-тиреоїдної системи у вагітних жінок.
Механические свойства регенерата зоны перелома бедренной кости при применении имплантатов с различным модулем упругости
Authors: Yukhymchuk О.A. , Kalashnikov A.V.
Published: December 2016

Проведено экспериментальное исследование на бедренных костях кроликов породы шиншилла. Бедренные кости брали из 4 экспериментальных групп наблюдения: контрольной группы, в которой оперативное вмешательство не проводилось, и трех исследуемых групп. Все кролики опытных групп получали в подвертельной области перелом с последующим металлоостеосинтезом металлическими стержнями. Животным второй группы был выполнен металлоостеосинтез стержнем из нержавеющей стали (316L), третьей — из титано-ванадиевого (ВТ-6) и четвертой — из циркониево-титанового сплава (Zr-Ti). Животных выводили из эксперимента через 90 суток после консолидации перелома бедренной кости. Определяли механические характеристики костей на растяжение и сжатие.Установлено, что биомеханические показатели костей на растяжение уступают подобным показателям при сжатии, кости с наличием металлофиксаторов имеют большую прочность в зоне сросшегося перелома, чем кости контрольной группы. При исследовании работы костного регенерата на растяжение и сжатие наилучшие результаты прочности определены в образцах костей с наличием металлофиксатора из β-Zr-Ti-сплава. Проведенное исследование доказывает целесообразность разработки и внедрения в клиническую практику травматологов-ортопедов имплантатов на основе низкомодульного β-Zr-Ti-сплава, что позволит улучшить результаты лечения переломов длинных костей и уменьшить процент послеоперационных осложнений.
Особливості патогенезу вертебральних переломів у пацієнтів літнього віку
Authors: Nishkumai O.I. , Kalinina S.Yu. , Karpovych L.H. , Zaitseva O.Ye. , Lysak Z.V. , Kovalenko N.V.
Published: December 2016

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Обезболивающие механизмы миелоакупунктуры при патологии суставов и позвоночника
Authors: Yakovlenko V.V. , Sokrut V.M. , Syniachenko O.V.
Published: December 2016

Представлен обзор современной литературы по применению такого рефлексотерапевтического метода иглоукалывания, как миелоакупунктура, при патологии периферических суставов и позвоночника, что теоретически обосновано, сопровождается положительным клиническим эффектом в результате восстанавливающего влияния на процессы свободнорадикального окисления, дисбаланс цитокиновой сети, факторов роста, эндотелиальной функции сосудов, системы оксида азота и провоспалительных энзимов (матрикс­ные металлопротеиназы, циклооксигеназа-2, капсаза-3). Достижение обезболивающего эффекта введения акупунктурной иглы в спинной мозг связано с воздействием на периферические, спинальные и надспинальные механизмы, синтез нейромедиаторов, нейрогормонов и нейрокислот, вследствие чего нормализуется рецепция ваннилоида-1, усиливается продукция эндорфинов, энкефалинов и эндоморфинов, тиролиберина и субстанции Р.
THE MIDDLE-INCOME TRAP: IS THERE A WAY OUT FOR ASIAN COUNTRIES?
Authors: Lubis Raisal Fahrozi , Saputra Putu Mahardika Adi
Published: December 2016

This study aims at investigating the phenomena of the middle-income trap found in developing Asian countries, such as China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand. The effects of some of the determinant variables of per capita income, such as government expenditure, investment expenditure, high technology exports, factors of human capital (enrollment rates in secondary and tertiary education), and the dependency ratio are analyzed by using a factor analysis and regression analysis. The factor analysis is used to reduce the variable of the publics’ enrollment rate in secondary and tertiary education into the variable of the human capital factor. The findings of the study reveal that some variables, namely government expenditure, investment expenditure, high technology exports, and the factors of human capital, have positive effects in increasing the per capita income of a country. The variable of the dependency ratio, on the other hand, has a negative effect on a country’s per capita income.Keywords: Asian, middle-income trap, panel analysis, and slowdown.
ISLAM AND THE MORAL ECONOMY: THE CHALLENGE OF CAPITALISM
Authors: . Sumiyana
Published: December 2016

This is a book review on Islam and the moral economy that highlights the challenge of capitalism.
TEACHING OF BEHAVIORAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ECONOMICS AND THE PROSPECTS FOR TEACHING IT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A SURVEY
Authors: Sanjaya Muhammad Ryan
Published: December 2016

The rising trend of behavioral and experimental economics is observed through a survey ofthe top 100 academic institutions in economics and econometrics. The survey found that thissubject is relatively popular with around 44% of academic institutions offering this course toundergraduate students. Another survey on publication interest found a surge since 2002 thatwas experienced by this subject along with only a few other subjects such as labor economicsand business economics. Lastly, four short experiments on undergraduate students wereconducted in Indonesia to explain economics, and this activity seems to support the studentcenteredlearning that has since became the focus of the Directorate General of HigherEducation in Indonesia.Keywords: behavioral and experimental economics, economics teaching, developing countriesJEL codes: A12, A22, D03
DOES ECO-EFFICENCY REDUCE THE COST OF EQUITY CAPITAL? EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA
Authors: Alviani Lisa , Sholihin Mahfud
Published: December 2016

The objective of this study is to examine the effect of eco-efficiency on the cost of equity capital. The study hypothesizes that the implementation of eco-efficiency reduces the cost of equity capital. Using manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange for the period 2010-2012 as data, and controlling for beta, company size, Book to Market ratio, and leverage; the study finds that the implementation of eco-efficiency may reduce the cost of equity capital. The findings suggest that companies should implement ecoefficency.Keywords: cost of equity capital; eco-efficiency; ISO 14001; environmental accounting
WILLIAMSON MODEL: AN APPLICATION OF INSTITUTIONAL TRANSFORMATION IN THE INDONESIAN DGT
Authors: Jaya Wihana Kirana , Rahajeng Anggi , Bastian Indra
Published: December 2016

A reform of tax administration in Indonesia has been carried out in several stages from 1983to 2009. However, the changes are limited to the tax system of the DGT, it being the tax governingbody in Indonesia, which has still has not managed to meet the tax revenue target (reflectedthrough a tax ratio). A lack of authority caused the DGT (DGT) to face some difficulties inreaching the target and demonstrating the expected performance. The goal of this paper is tostress the needs of institutional transformation in DGT. By using the Williamson Model, thisstudy focuses on evaluating the DGT institutionally and creating an alternative institutionaltransformation of the DGT. The international and domestic results of ascertaining bestpractices conclude that the DGT needs to change gradually, not with a ‘big bang’, and byproviding the more flexible authority by remaining in the structure of Traditional Departmentor Single Directorate in the Ministry of Finance (SDMOF) which would lead to an organizationstructure which is semi-autonomous or a Unified Semi-autonomous Body (USB) that covers allthe systems of taxation such as service, assurance, law enforcement and supporting roles.Keywords: tax governing body, Indonesian DGT (DGT), institutional transformation, williamson model
Gigi Tiruan Sebagian Kerangka Logam sebagai Penunjang Kesehatan Jaringan Periodontal
Authors: Lenggogeny Putri , Masulili Sri Lelyati C
Published: December 2016

Penggunaan gigi tiruan sebagian sangat penting dalam mempertahankan kesehatan jaringan periodontal dan menjaga stabilitas gigi yang tersisa. Pembuatan gigi tiruan yang tepat merupakan fase integral dari perawatan penyakit periodontal secara keseluruhan dalam mempertahankan kesehatan jaringan periodontal tersebut.Gigi tiruan sebagian lepasan harus didesain untuk dapat mengurangi penumpukan sisa makanan serta plak pada gigi dan tepi gingiva dari gigi penyangga. Pemilihan bahan logam sebagai gigi tiruan pada kasus periodontal kompromis dapat membantu dalam mencegah pergerakan gigi dan mempertahankan posisi gigi pasca perawatan periodontal karena sifat logam yang lebih kaku dibandingkan dengan bahan lainnya, sehingga keberhasilan perawatan dapat tercapai. Pembuatan gigi tiruan kerangka logam yang baik dan kerjasama yang baik antara semua anggota tim medis dalam menangani kasus akan menghasilkan keberhasilan perawatan yang dilakukan. Tujuan dari penulisan sari pustaka ini adalah menambah ilmu dan wawasan periodontis dan prostodontis dalam penggunaan gigi tiruan sebagian lepasan kerangka logam pasien periodontal kompromis. Pemberian informasi dan mendidik pasien dalam menjaga kebersihan gigi tiruan dan mulutnya juga merupakan faktor penting yang menentukan keberhasilan pembuatan gigi tiruan.Frame Partial Denture as a Supportive Therapy for Periodontal Health. Partial denture is very important in maintaining periodontal health and maintaining the stability of the remaining teeth. The fabrication of denture is an important phase in comprehensive periodontal health therapy, so as to maintain the periodontal health. Removable partial dentures should be designed to reduce the accumulation of food residue and plaque on the teeth and gingival edge of the abutment. The selection of metallic materials as denture in case of periodontal compromise can help in preventing tooth movement and maintain the position of the teeth after periodontal treatment because the nature of metal is more rigid when compared with other materials, so that the success of the treatment can be achieved. Making good metal framework denture and good cooperation between all members of the medical team in handling the case will result in a successful treatment. The aim of the study is to enrich the knowledge for periodontists and prosthodontists in using metal removable prothesis in compromised periodontal patients. Providing information and educating patients in maintaining the cleanliness of denture and mouth are also an important factor that determines the success of the manufacture of dentures.
Penatalaksanaan Kasus Impaksi Premolar, Ektopik Caninus dan Asimetri Rahang dengan Teknik Edgewise
Authors: Malikha Novitria Zahrotul , Suparwitri Sri , Hardjono Soekarsono
Published: December 2016

Pencabutan dini pada gigi desidui seringkali menyebabkan perpendekan lengkung sehingga ruang yang dibutuhkan untuk erupsi gigi permanen kurang. Kaninus ektopik, impaksi premolar dan asimetri rahang adalah kasus yang sering terjadi akibat kurangnya ruang untuk erupsi gigi. Pasien perempuan usia 20 tahun, mengeluhkan gigi gingsul dan tidak rapi. Pemeriksaan objektif menunjukkan crowding rahang atas dan rahang bawah, kaninus maksila kanan atas ektopik, premolar mandibula kanan impaksi, disertai pergeseran midline. Maloklusi Angle kelas I dengan hubungan skeletal kelas I, overbite 1 mm, overjet  1,3 mm, crowding mandibula dan maksila, ektopik kaninus unilateral, impaksi premolar unilateral, asimetri rahang dan pergeseran midline. Pencabutan dilakukan pada 2 gigi premolar pertama rahang atas dan 2 gigi molar pertama rahang bawah yang mengalami nekrosis. Perawatan menggunakan alat cekat teknik Edgewise dengan multiloop. L loop digunakan untuk ekstrusi gigi kaninus ektopik dan menarik impaksi premolar. Asimetri rahang dikoreksi dengan ekspansi lengkung gigi menggunakan mainarchwire. Setelah 7 bulan perawatan, gigi kaninus yang ektopik, impaksi premolar dan crowding terkoreksi. Overjet dan overbite menjadi 2,5 mm. Perawatan masih berlangsung hingga saat ini. Penggunaan multiloop pada teknik Edgewise efektif untuk mengoreksi crowding gigi dan L loop efektif untuk mengekstrusi gigi kaninus ektopik dan impaksi premolar. ABSTRACT: Management of Impacted Premolar, Ectopic Canine and Jaw Asymmetry Case Using Edgewise Technique. The premature loss of primary teeth may reduce the arch length required for permanent teeth eruption. Ectopic canine, premolar impaction and jaw asymmetry are often encountered due to the lack of space for permanent teeth eruption. A twenty-year-old female patient complained an ectopic canine and crowding of upper and lower teeth. The objective examination found maxilla and mandibula crowding, ectopic right maxilla canine, mandibular premolar impaction, and midline shift of maxilla and mandibula. Angle class I malocclusion, overbite 1 mm, overjet 1.3 mm, maxilla and mandibula crowding, unilateral ectopic canine, unilateral premolar impaction, jaw asymmetry and midline shift occurred. Extraction of 2 maxillary first premolars and 2 necrose mandibular first molars was conducted followed by a treatment using fixed orthodontic appliance Edgewise technique with multiloop. The ectopic canine and premolar impaction were extruded using L loop. Jaw asymmetry was corrected by expanding the dental arch using the expanded main archwire. Ectopic canine, premolar impaction, maxilla and mandibula crowding were corrected after 7 months of treatment. The overjet and overbite reached 2.5 mm. The treatment is still ongoing. The multiloop edgewise archwire technique is found effective to overcome dental crowding, and L loop is effective to extrude the ectopic canine and premolar impaction.
Restorasi Mahkota Jaket Porselin Fusi Metal dan Crown Lenghtening pada Gigi 11 dan 21 Pasca Trauma
Authors: Saputra Dimas Cahya , Nugraheni Tunjung
Published: December 2016

Laporan kasus ini bertujuan untuk melaporkan perawatan kasus fraktur subgingival dua gigi anterior maksila dengan pendekatan konservatif pada sisa jaringan keras gigi yang sehat. Perawatan pada gigi 11 dan 21 didahului perawatan saluran akar kemudian dilanjutkan dengan prosedur crown lenghtening dan restorasi mahkota penuh porselin fusi metal yang diperkuat dengan pasak metal customized. Perawatan ini merupakan alternatif untuk menghindari pencabutan gigi dan mengoptimalkan jaringan keras gigi tersisa untuk membangun sebuah restorasi estetis yang fungsional. ABSTRACT: Restoration Using Jacket Crown of Porcelain Fused-to-Metal and Crown Lengthening on Post-Traumatic Teeth 11 and 21. The aim of this case report was to describe the restoration of subgingival fractured two maxillary anterior teeth conservatively on healthy remaining tooth structure. Teeth #11 and #21 were initially treated by root canal treatment followed by crown lengthening and restored using porcelain fused-to-metal full crown retained by metal customized post. This treatment was an alternative to avoid tooth extraction and designed to optimize the remaining tooth structure in order to obtain a fully functional and esthetic restoration.
Apresentação
Authors: Velloso Monica Pimenta , Guimarães Valéria , De Figueiredo Aldrin Moura
Published: December 2016

Apresentação do Dossiê Temático
Factors affecting the government procurement fraud: The independent auditor’s point of view.
Authors: Zulaikha Zulaikha , Ghozali Imam , Hadiprajitno Paulus T.
Published: December 2016

The objective of this study was examining the factors affecting the government procurement fraud. Based on the fraud triangle and the theory of planned behavior, this study proposed seven hypothesis, those are tested by regression analysis. This study used primary data gathered by surveys to members of The Boards of the Republic Indonesia- Financial Auditors, who act as external auditors for the Government. They were asked to assess factors influencing the government procurement of goods and services fraud. There were 297 auditors of the Boards that participated in this survey. The result showed that the procurement frauds were influenced by the lack of procurement committee quality, the weakness of procurement control, and the intentions to engage fraud. The intentions to engage fraud were significantly influenced by the attitude toward fraud, subjective norms, and the perceived behavioral control. Furthermore, other elements of fraud triangle, the financial pressure, did not influence to the procurement fraud.
Comparison of Pethidine and Tramadol for Control of Shivering in Patients undergoing Elective Surgery under Spinal Anesthesia
Authors: Sharma Mahesh , Kharbuja Kalpana , Khadka Bikash
Published: December 2016

Introduction: Shivering is a common problem faced by an anesthesiologist during intraoperative as well as in postoperative period, specially after sub-arachnoid block (SAB). It is unpleasant and undesirable and is secondary to vasodilation following sympathetic blockade. The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of pethidine on postoperative shivering following SAB and to compare its effects with those of tramadol.

 

Methods: This randomized, prospective study was conducted in American society of anesthesiologists (ASA) grade I and II  patients undergoing surgery under SAB, to compare the efficacy of tramadol  and pethidine for control of shivering. Patients received tramadol or pethidine in a dose of 0.5mg/kg intra-venously after the appearance of shivering. Disappearance of shivering, side-effects as well as hemodynamics were observed at scheduled intervals.

 

Results: There were a total of 79 patients randomized into two groups. There were 44 patients receiving pethidine (Group P) and the rest 35 receiving tramadol (Group T). Shivering score was significantly lower in Group P at 10, 15, 20, and 30 minutes compared to that in Group T. Sedation score was higher in pethidine group. Adverse effects in terms of nausea and vomiting was significantly higher in Group T.

 

Conclusion: Pethidine provide better anti-shivering effect then tramadol with less side effects (nausea and vomiting)  but more sedation.
First Line Treatment of Meniere’s Disease
Authors: Acharya Anup , Singh Madan Mohan , Shrestha Arati
Published: December 2016

Introduction: There is no consensus on the first line medical treatment of Meniere disease to produce symptomatic improvement and slow the disease progress. Dietary salt restriction, diuretics, and vasodilators like betahistine are among the first line drugs that have been used for long. There is lack of evidence due to paucity of quality studies to support their effectiveness and advocate their use. This study is done to evaluate the effectiveness of three first line treatment of Meniere disease i.e. salt restriction, oral diuretics, and betahistine.

 

Methods: Double blind randomized controlled trial was carried out in out-patient clinic of Ear Nose and Throat department of Lumbini Medical College Teaching Hospital. Cases were randomized into three groups; dietary salt restriction, diuretics as amiloride and furosemide, and vasodilator as betahistine. Pre and post treatment evaluation was done in terms of number and severity of vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing outcome.

 

Results: There were a total of 97 cases with F:M ratio of 1.1:1. Mean age of patients was 47.86 yr (SD=12.7). Twenty-nine (30%) were treated with dietary sodium restriction alone (Group A), 35 (36%) were treated with diuretics (Group B) and the rest 33 (34%) were treated with vasodilator (betahistine, Group C). There was no significant difference in hearing outcome in any group. Tinnitus was significantly improved in Group B. Number of vertigo attack was significantly decreased in Group B and Group C. Severity of vertigo was significantly decreased in Group B.

 

Conclusion: Dietary salt restriction alone was not effective in controlling any aspect of the disease whereas diuretics were effective in reducing tinnitus and number and severity of vertigo. Betahistine was effective in reducing the number of vertigo attacks but not effective on other aspects of the disease.
Measurement of Fertility Benefits with Low Dose Thyroxine in Sub-fertile women
Authors: Pandit Upendra , Banu Farhat , Adhikari Ayushma
Published: December 2016

Introduction: High prevalence rate of thyroid dysfunction associated infertility is identified by a number of studies in Nepal. Thyroid dysfunction not only affects fertility but is also associated with miscarriage and fetal death. The objective of this study was to measure the fertility rate after low dose Thyroxine, 12.5 microgram, in women with subfertility.

 

Methods: This was a descriptive and observational study done among women visiting infertility and in-vitro fertilization (IVF) center at Nepalgunj Medical College, Nepal. After undergoing baseline investigations for infertility, all women diagnosed with primary or secondary infertility were enrolled in the study. Male factor and tubal factor infertility was excluded. All 136 women who were enrolled in the study received 12.5 microgram of thyroxine supplementation for a period of three months and subsequently followed up until the same time period.

 

Results: Out of 136 women, 83 (61.02%) women achieved pregnancy within three months of supplementation with low dose thyroxine. Among them, 34 (40.9%) women with primary infertility achieved pregnancy within three months. Similarly 14 (16.8%) women with previous miscarriage, 20 (24.09%) women with previous caesarean section within past five years back, and 15 (18.07%) with previous IUFD achieved pregnancy within three months.

 

Conclusion: Low dose thyroxine supplementation would be beneficial and recommended to subfertile women of reproductive age group in the endemic regions of hypothyroidism. Dose adjustment would give extended benefits as soon as pregnancy is achieved.
Evaluation of a learning analytics application for open edX platform
Authors: Ruipérez-Valiente José , Muñoz-Merino Pedro , Pijeira Díaz , Santofimia Ruiz , Kloos Carlos
Published: December 2016

Massive open online courses (MOOCs) have recently emerged as a revolution in
education. Due to the huge amount of users, it is difficult for teachers to
provide personalized instruction. Learning analytics computer applications
have emerged as a solution. At present, MOOC platforms provide low support
for learning analytics visualizations, and a challenge is to provide useful
and effective visualization applications about the learning process. At this
paper we review the learning analytics functionality of Open edX and make an
overview of our learning analytics application ANALYSE. We present a
usability and effectiveness evaluation of ANALYSE tool with 40 students
taking a Design of Telematics Applications course. The survey obtained very
positive results in a system usability scale (SUS) questionnaire (78.44/100)
in terms of the usefulness of visualizations (3.68/5) and the effectiveness
ratio (92/100) of the actions required for the respondents. Therefore, we
can conclude that the implemented learning analytics application is usable
and effective.
Water supply in households and conditions for tourism development in Serbia
Authors: Ognjenovic Kosovka
Published: December 2016

The global structural change, together with "the green revolution", caused
the economic growth to be based on the service sector today, instead on the
traditional economic sectors. The main focus of this paper is on the factors
that affect the decisions of households in Serbia to participate in the
tourism industry in the context of the sustainable development. In
particular, a significant portion of the analysis is devoted to the
constraints that can be induced by inadequate drinking water supply and its
quality in households. These factors can be considered the main limitations
to those households that decide to provide accommodation and food services
to the tourists in their local touristreceiver communities. The empirical
analysis is based on survey data that describe conditions in the households,
whereas the econometric framework is employed in order to determine
structural relationships. The null hypothesis that drinking water supply and
quality do not affect the likelihood of the household participating in the
tourism industry is tested and accepted based on the probit model estimates.
The difference between the public urban and local water supply systems that
provide drinking water to the households is statistically confirmed, but it
does not affect the likelihood of the household participating in the tourism
industry.
Population of serbia abroad by destination countries: Regional approach
Authors: Predojevic-Despic Jelena , Penev Goran
Published: December 2016

Serbia is a country with a long tradition of emigration, specific economic
and political emigration context, a large number of its citizens abroad, as
well as their very heterogeneous geographic distribution and differentiated
structures. The main objective of the paper is to show that between the
region of origin in Serbia and certain destination countries there are ties,
on the basis of which migrant networks originate and spread. Over time,
networks towards some countries lose their importance or are diverted to
other directions. Through incorporating a regional approach, the analysis
includes the results of the last five population censuses conducted between
1971 and 2011. It is based on data on the number, share of emigrants from
Serbia, with regard to the length of stay abroad, educational structure, as
well as the most represented receiving countries from the regional aspects
(municipalities and the intense emigration zones in Serbia). Furthermore,
attention is paid to the possibilities and the main problems of statistical
monitoring of international migration. Such an approach has both the
research and the wider social significance, particularly because most of the
population abroad covered by the census maintain ties with Serbia, often
visit their hometowns and present an important resource for the
socioeconomic development of the country.
Maternal and Fetal Outcomes of Adolescent Pregnancies at Patan Hospital
Authors: RC Laxmi , Baral Reetu , Shrestha R , Gurung P , Lama S
Published: December 2016

Aims: This study aims to review obstetric and neonatal outcome and risk factors in adolescent pregnant women and to compare perinatal outcomes with the adult group.Methods: This is a retrospective comparative study in between primiparous pregnant teenager women aged 15-19 years and   20-24 years from April 2012 to April 2013 in Patan Hospital Lalitpur, Nepal. The data was retrieved from the hospital records. Frequency of prenatal care, perinatal outcome (newborn’s weight and gestational age at delivery), mode of delivery and maternal complications if any were recorded.  Results: Neonates with normal birth weight (>2.5-4 kg) was seen in 70% (n=248) of the adolescent age group and 85% (n=1797) of adult age group. Neonates with low birth weight (<2.5 kg) was significantly higher in the adolescent age group with 29% (n=102) than the adult age group with only 13% (n=287). The occurrence of premature rupture of membrane and preterm premature rupture of membrane also show statistically significant association (Chi-square test p-value 0.000) on mother’s age having 18% and 2% respectively in adolescent pregnancy.Conclusions: There was significant association of neonatal complications like still birth, fetal distress, and meconium aspiration with the adolescent pregnancy. There was no significant association between neonatal death and age of mother.
Non-reproductive Risk Factors of Uterovaginal Prolapse- the Lesser Known Perils
Authors: Paudyal Pooja , Pradhan Neelam , Ojha Neebha
Published: December 2016

Aims: The aim of this study was to analyze the non-reproductive risk factors associated with uterovaginal prolapse (UVP) which is a major health concern of women.Methods: This was a hospital-based case control study, carried out in the Gynaecology Department of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH) over one year from 13th April 2011 to 12th April 2012). Cases comprised of 116 women with UVP, second degree or more and controls were women without prolapse of the same age group within five years admitted subsequently after the cases. The variables studied were medical disorders like chronic obstructive  pulmonary disease (COPD)/chronic cough, constipation; smoking, family history of prolapse and body mass index (BMI). The p-value and odds ratio (OR) for each risk factor were calculated. Multivariate analysis was done for those risk factors found to be significant from the univariate analysis. Results: Smoking, family history of prolapse and low BMI were found to be significant risk factors from univariate analysis. Only two risk factors- family history of prolapse with OR 5.52 (2.11-14.49) and being underweight with OR 15.38 (1.88-125), were found to be significant by multivariate analysis.Conclusion: Providing good nutrition and preventing malnourishment in postmenopausal women, imparting awareness about increased risk in women with history of prolapse in first degree relatives and educating about the perils of smoking could contribute in  reducing morbidity due to prolapse.
A clinicopathologic evaluation of 230 cases of mature cystic teratomas
Authors: Sherpa Palzum , Baral Reetu
Published: December 2016

Aims: Mature cystic teratomas, commonly known as dermoid cyst, is the most common benign tumor of ovary. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathologic behavior of mature cystic teratomas.Methods: A retrospective cross sectional study on a series of cases was performed in the Department of Pathology, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Patan Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal from April 2011 to March 2016. Data from the histopathology database were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0.Results: MCT comprised 230 (57.6%) out of total 399 cases of ovarian neoplasms. The age range of the patients was 8-74 years. The sizes of the tumors ranged from 2.5-20cm. 12% of the cases were bilateral. Ischemic modifications, presumably due to torsion, were noted in 10% of the cases, mostly in tumors larger than 10cm. None of the tumors of less than 5cm presented with signs of torsion. Malignant transformation was present in seven (3%) cases and was seen especially in older patients and in larger tumors. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common malignant tumor seen in five cases. One case was a mixed germ cell tumor with components of MCT and yolk sac tumor.Conclusions: MCT is the most common germ cell tumor in patients of the reproductive age group. Complications such as torsion and malignant transformation occur mostly in larger tumors.