bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality of wheat bread enriched with onion extract and polyphenols content and antioxidant activity changes during bread storage
Authors: Czaja Anna , Czubaszek Anna , Wyspiańska Dorota , Sokół‐Łętowska Anna , Kucharska Alicja Z.
Published: October 2019

We determined the effect of onion skin extract (OE) on the quality of wheat bread: contents of total polyphenols and flavonols, antioxidative activity and their changes during storage. With increasing doses of OE to bread, contents of total polyphenols and flavonols and the antioxidative activity were observed to increase. A higher total flavonol content was found in bread with 1% OE stored at 24 °C than in bread stored at 4 °C. There was no such relationship in the bread with 0.5% OE. Changes in flavonols content during storage for 72 h were insignificant. No clear trends of change in the antioxidant activity could be found at storage of breads. The addition of OE caused no changes in the yield and volume of bread and contributed to a decreasing value of L* parameter and to increasing values of ΔE, a* and b* parameters of bread crumb colour. Consumers accepted the smell and taste of bread with the addition of OE to a lesser extent than the control bread. Bread with 1% OE the taste was rated very low. Consumers rated the taste of bread with 1% OE low because it was bitter. Breads enriched with OE had a proper external appearance as well as crumb and crust features. Roasted onion aroma and taste were perceptible in the obtained breads. A bitterness was perceptible in breads baked with the addition of 1% of OE.
Antioxidant Pickering emulsions stabilised by zein/tannic acid colloidal particles with low concentration
Authors: Zhou Bin , Gao Sihai , Li Xiuting , Liang Hongshan , Li Shugang
Published: October 2019

Pickering emulsions are widely used as a carrier and protective systems in many fields for encapsulation‐specific bioactive substances. In this current study, we fabricated an antioxidant Pickering emulsions stabilised by zein/tannic acid nanoparticle. Results showed that coalescence and creaming stability of the emulsion highly depended on the concentration of the particles and the zein to TA ratio in the formulation. A 0.3% concentration of zein and a 1:1 zein to TA ratio was found to exhibit optimal stabilising capability. Given the intrinsic antioxidant activity of tannic acid, which forms a protective shell, the oxidative deterioration of the oil in the emulsion could be significantly prevented. These data suggest that the ZTNPs established in the present study are a promising emulsifier in the Pickering emulsion. It is promising as a green, safe, high‐performance particle stabiliser and a novel food ingredient for use in interface‐oriented food systems.
Employability as a compass for career success: development and initial validation of a new multidimensional measure
Authors: Lo Presti Alessandro , Ingusci Emanuela , Magrin Maria Elena , Manuti Amelia , Scrima Fabrizio
Published: October 2019

This article reports the development and initial validation of a multidimensional measure of employability based on the theoretical model of Lo Presti and Pluviano (2016). Four different studies were designed and implemented. Study 1 was a qualitative study that involved a group of 15 labour market experts and aimed at developing the items pool. In Study 2, an exploratory factor analysis of 526 employees was carried out to examine the structure of the employability measure as previously obtained. Study 3 aimed at verifying the employability measure that had emerged from Study 2 through confirmatory factor analysis of 699 employees, resulting in a 28‐item shortened version encompassing the original four employability dimensions. Finally, in Study 4, concurrent and predictive validity of the definitive version of the employability measure were tested on a sample of 712 employees. Implications for vocational guidance and human resource management, as well as future employability research, are discussed.
Phenotypic plasticity in gastropod shell remodeling
Authors: Charifson David
Published: October 2019

A laboratory experiment was conducted with the marine gastropodLittorina littoreafrom three different sites in Long Island Sound to test for inducible responses to the non‐native predatory crabHemigrapsus sanguineus. Individuals ofL. littoreadid not exhibit decreased shell growth in response to increased predation risk, which differs from the response seen in other species ofLittorina.However, snails did exhibit slower growth in response to reduced food availability, as seen in other gastropods. Surprisingly, snails from two sites exhibited differences between the crab‐exposed and reduced food‐availability treatments in how they remodeled the thickness of different microstructural layers of shell material in apical parts of the shell. Although individuals ofL. littoreadid not show the typical shell thickening response seen in other gastropods, they did show differences among populations in remodeling their shell. This underlies the importance of examining how the shell is constructed and remodeled in studies of inducible defenses in gastropods, as well as the importance of examining animals from multiple populations.
Long‐term retention of acoustic telemetry transmitters in temperate predators revealed by predation tags implanted in wild prey fish
Authors: Klinard Natalie V. , Matley Jordan K. , Fisk Aaron T. , Johnson Timothy B.
Published: October 2019

Bloater Coregonus hoyi (n = 48) were implanted with V9DT‐2x predation transmitters and monitored on 105 acoustic receivers in eastern Lake Ontario for >6 months. Twenty‐three predation events were observed, with predator retention of tags ranging from ≤1 to ≥194 days and 30% of retentions lasting >150 days. Long tag retention times raise concerns for acoustic telemetry analysis and the health of piscivorous predators retaining tags.
Selective sexual differentiation of neurone populations may contribute to sex‐specific outputs of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus
Authors: Kammel Laura G. , Correa Stephanie M.
Published: October 2019

Sex differences among neurones in the ventrolateral region of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMHvl) allow for the display of a diversity of sex‐typical behaviours and physiological responses, ranging from mating behaviour to metabolism. Here, we review recent studies that interrogate the relationship between sex‐typical responses and changes in cellular phenotypes. We discuss technologies that increase the resolution of molecular profiling or targeting of cell populations, including single‐cell transcriptional profiling and conditional viral genetic approaches to manipulate neurone survival or activity. Overall, emerging studies indicate that sex‐typical functions of the VMH may be mediated by phenotypically distinct and sexually differentiated neurone populations within the VMHvl. Future studies in this and other brain regions could exploit cell‐type‐specific tools to reveal the cell populations and molecular mediators that modulate sex‐typical responses. Furthermore, cell‐type‐specific analyses of the effects of sexually differentiating factors, including sex hormones, can test the hypothesis that distinct cell types within a single brain region vary with respect to sexual differentiation.
A Tale of Two Premiums: The Role of Hedgers and Speculators in Commodity Futures Markets
Authors: KANG WENJIN , ROUWENHORST K. GEERT , TANG KE
Published: October 2019

This paper studies the dynamic interaction between the net positions of traders and risk premiums in commodity futures markets. Short‐term position changes are driven mainly by the liquidity demands of noncommercial traders, while long‐term variation is driven primarily by the hedging demands of commercial traders. These two components influence expected futures returns with opposite signs. The gains from providing liquidity by commercials largely offset the premium they pay for obtaining price insurance.
Melatonin attenuates epidermal growth factor‐induced cathepsin S expression in ARPE‐19 cells: Implications for proliferative vitreoretinopathy
Authors: Yang Shun‐Fa , Chen Yong‐Syuan , Chien Hsiang‐Wen , Wang Kai , Lin Chia‐Liang , Chiou Hui‐Ling , Lee Chia‐Yi , Chen Pei‐Ni , Hsieh Yi‐Hsien
Published: October 2019

Abnormal proliferation and motility of retinal pigment epithelial cells leads to proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Melatonin is a known effective antitumour and anti‐invasive agent, but whether it affects the formation and underlying mechanisms of PVR remains unclear. In this study, the results of the MTT assay, colony formation and propidium iodide (PI) staining with flow cytometry revealed that melatonin dose dependently inhibited epidermal growth factor (EGF)‐induced proliferation of human ARPE‐19 cells. Furthermore, melatonin reduced EGF‐induced motility by suppressing cathepsin S (CTSS) expression. Pretreatment with ZFL (a CTSS inhibitor) or overexpression of CTSS (pCMV‐CTSS) significantly inhibited EGF‐induced cell motility when combined with melatonin. Epidermal growth factor induced the phosphorylation of AKT(S473)/mTOR (S2448) and transcription factor (c‐Jun/Sp1) signaling pathways. Pretreatment of LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor) or rapamycin (an mTOR inhibitor) markedly reduced EGF‐induced motility and p‐AKT/p‐mTOR/c‐Jun/Sp1 expression when combined with melatonin. Taken together, these data indicate that melatonin inhibited EGF‐induced proliferation and motility of human ARPE‐19 cells by activating the AKT/mTOR pathway, which is dependent on CTSS modulation of c‐Jun/Sp1 signalling. Melatonin may be a promising therapeutic drug against PVR.
The Impact of Failure and Success Experience on Drug Development
Authors: Garzón‐Vico Antonio , Rosier Jan , Gibbons Patrick , McNamara Peter
Published: October 2019

It is unclear whether the common belief that experience benefits new product development is driven by decision‐makers allocating more attention to success experience or more attention to failure experience. This article differentiates between the two aforementioned types of experience in order to explore their separate effects on new product development. We find that only late‐stage failure experience improves new product development, that success experience is more beneficial than late‐stage failure experience and that, while others’ related failure experience increases the likelihood of failure, others’ related success experience decreases it. We conducted our research in the context of drug development in the biotech industry and obtained our data from Pharma Projects. We employ logistic regression analysis to model the likelihood that a drug development project results in failure.
Activity profiling of barley vacuolar processing enzymes provides new insights into the plant and cyst nematode interaction
Authors: Labudda Mateusz , Różańska Elżbieta , Prabucka Beata , Muszyńska Ewa , Marecka Dorota , Kozak Marcin , Dababat Abdelfattah A. , Sobczak Mirosław
Published: October 2019

Vacuolar processing enzymes (VPEs) play an important role during regular growth and development and defence responses. Despite substantial attempts to understand the molecular basis of plant–cyst nematode interaction, the mechanism of VPEs functioning during this interaction remains unknown. The second‐stage Heterodera filipjevi juvenile penetrates host roots and induces the formation of a permanent feeding site called a syncytium. To investigate whether infection with H. filipjevi alters plant host VPEs, the studies were performed in Hordeum vulgare roots and leaves on the day of inoculation and at 7, 14 and 21 days post‐inoculation (dpi). Implementing molecular, biochemical and microscopic methods we identified reasons for modulation of barley VPE activity during interaction with H. filipjevi. Heterodera filipjevi parasitism caused a general decrease of VPE activity in infected roots, but live imaging of VPEs showed that their activity is up‐regulated in syncytia at 7 and 14 dpi and down‐regulated at 21 dpi. These findings were accompanied by tissue‐specific VPE gene expression patterns. Expression of the barley cystatin HvCPI‐4 gene was stimulated in leaves but diminished in roots upon infestation. External application of cyclotides that can be produced naturally by VPEs elicits in pre‐parasitic juveniles vesiculation of their body, enhanced formation of granules, induction of exploratory behaviour (stylet thrusts and head movements), production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and final death by methuosis. Taken together, down‐regulation of VPE activity through nematode effectors promotes the nematode invasion rates and leads to avoidance of the induction of the plant proteolytic response and death of the invading juveniles.
The significance of PA28γ and U2AF1 in oral mucosal carcinogenesis
Authors: Yin Fengying , Wang Jiongke , Zhao Kui , Xin Chuan , Shi Yujie , Zeng Xin , Xu Hao , Li Jing , Chen Qianming
Published: October 2019

Objective

Proteasome activator 28γ (PA28γ) upregulation plays a critical role in the carcinogenesis of many malignancies, including oral cancer. We aim to screen the related genes of PA28γ and investigate their function in oral mucosa carcinogenesis.

Materials and methods

Bioinformatics analysis was performed to screen the related genes of PA28γ. Immunohistochemical analysis was carried out to validate their correlation in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and detect their expression levels in the whole process of oral mucosa carcinogenesis. The Kaplan–Meier method was used for estimating the overall survival, and the Cox models were constructed to predict the prognosis.

Results

U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 1 (U2AF1) was screened out, and the correlation between U2AF1 and PA28γ was further validated in OSCC. The expression levels of PA28γ and U2AF1 were gradually increased from normal to oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) to OSCC tissues. Overall survival was significantly shorter in patients with high U2AF1 expression and the combined application of U2AF1 and PA28γ notably improved the accuracy of prognosis prediction.

Conclusion

U2AF1 and PA28γ might play pivotal roles in the progression of OPMD, which may provide insights into the development of new therapeutic strategies to prevent OPMD from becoming malignant.
Soil properties related to suppression of Rhizoctonia solani on tobacco fields from northwest Argentina
Authors: Harries E. , Berruezo L. A. , Galván M. Z. , Rajal V. B. , Mercado Cárdenas G. E.
Published: October 2019

Biotic and abiotic factors from soils have been implicated in the disease suppression of Rhizoctonia solani. This study included a Eucalyptus twig baiting assay, disease index and qPCR quantification of R. solani, and physicochemical analysis of 10 tobacco soils from five different locations (V: Vaqueros, C: Cerrillos, R: Rosario de Lerma, SA: San Agustín, CH: Chicoana) in the northwest of Argentina. Levels of Rhizoctonia soil inoculum quantified by baiting assay and qPCR were positively correlated. However, there was no correlation with root rot disease index in tobacco fields. Soils from V1, SA2 and CH2 fields, which reduced root rot disease on tobacco plants, were suppressive to R. solani infection. High clay, pH, organic matter content and physical stability in tobacco soils were the main physicochemical properties that limited Rhizoctonia development. Interestingly, growth of R. solani subgroups AG4‐HGI and AG4‐HGIII was highly suppressed in V1 and CH2 fields, and in SA2 fields, respectively. Undisturbed soil from a local forested mountain also resulted in reduction of growth of AG4‐HGIII and AG4‐HGI, while AG2‐1 was less affected, suggesting that high soil organic matter contributed to suppression of R. solani. Soils highly suppressive of R. solani had significantly different populations of culturable bacteria, Pseudomonas and fungi, but populations of actinobacteria and Trichoderma spp. did not differ. These different populations may be involved in the inhibition of fungal growth. The results demonstrated that physicochemical and biological properties of soil suppressive to R. solani could act as an alternative for controlling Rhizoctonia diseases on tobacco.
Plant community recovery after herbicide management to remove Phragmites australis in Great Lakes coastal wetlands
Authors: Bonello Jake E. , Judd Kristin E.
Published: October 2019

Invasive plants, such as Phragmites australis, are a global threat to plant diversity and are commonly controlled using herbicide management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the plant community response 6–10 years after large‐scale herbicide management to remove Phragmites from Great Lakes coastal wetlands along the shores of western Lake Erie. Vegetation surveys were conducted in nine wetlands undergoing herbicide management and four unmanaged Phragmites‐dominated wetlands. The relative percent cover of Phragmites was dramatically lower in the managed (1.3%) compared to unmanaged wetlands (93.0%; p < 0.001), although relative percent cover of other non‐natives following herbicide management averaged 39.2% (ranging from 6.4 to 67.6%). The cover‐weighted floristic quality index was significantly higher in managed wetlands (p < 0.01), with the highest indices (12.4–17.0) at sites that received prescribed fire after herbicide treatment (p < 0.05). Species richness and diversity were significantly higher in managed wetlands (p < 0.001); however, there was no significant difference between wetlands treated only with herbicide and those treated with herbicide and prescribed fire. Our results indicate that herbicide management is effective in reducing Phragmites and improving floristic quality over timescales of 6–10 years. However, continued spot‐treatment and management of new invasive species may be required, and the return of high‐quality plant communities may be unrealistic in the study region.
Non‐invasive ventilation versus oxygen therapy in cystic fibrosis: Long‐term effects
Authors: Sarc Irena , Ziherl Kristina , Esquinas Antonio M.
Published: October 2019

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Crusted scabies in a pediatric renal transplant recipient on immunosuppressants
Authors: Ede Chioma , Gunduz Ozge , Modi Deepak
Published: October 2019

Background

Crusted scabies (CS) is a rare, severe and highly contagious form of scabies, which has been reported in immunosuppressed patients. A high index of suspicion and awareness of CS is essential to treat this infestation.

Case

A 13‐year‐old boy presented with pruritic hyperkeratotic squamous plaques located on both inner wrists, the web spaces of both his hands and his feet, and the genital area of 12 months duration. He was diagnosed with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis at the age of 5 and received a kidney transplant at the age of 9. He has been on a maintenance dose of prednisone (5 mg/d) and mycophenolate mofetil (250 mg/d) for the past 2 years. He had a contact history with a school friend with similar lesions. A skin punch biopsy demonstrated the presence of multiple mites in the stratum corneum confirming the diagnosis of CS. Ivermectin, the recommended drug of choice for crusted scabies, is not available in South Africa. The patient was commenced on topical benzoyl benzoate lotion but discontinued its use because of intolerable irritation. We subsequently prescribed the daily application of topical 5% sulfur in petrolatum to which his pruritus subsided significantly after 2 weeks with resolution of all skin lesions at the end of 8 weeks.

Conclusion

This case is the first documented report of CS in a pediatric renal transplant patient. Our management highlights that classic formularies of magistral drugs are still effective treatment options and can be used especially when standard therapies cannot be tolerated or when optimum treatments are not available.
Prospective evaluation of an ultrathin strut biodegradable polymer-coated sirolimus-eluting stent: 12 months’ results from the S-FLEX UK registry
Authors: Choudhury Anirban , Garg Scot , Smith Jamie , Sharp Andrew , Nabais de Araujo Sergio , Chauhan Anoop , Patel Nikhil , Wrigley Benjamin , Chattopadhyay Sudipta , Zaman Azfar G
Published: October 2019

Objective

To prospectively evaluate safety and efficacy of the ultrathin strut biodegradable polymer-coated Supraflex sirolimus-eluting stent (S-SES) in ‘real world’ patient population requiring percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods

National, prospective, multicentre, single-arm, all-comers, observational registry of 469 patients treated with S-SES from July 2015 and November 2016 in 11 centres in UK. Primary endpoint was target lesion failure (TLF) at 12 months (cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction (MI) or clinically driven target lesion revascularisation (TLR)). Secondary endpoints included safety and performance outcomes at 12 months—overall stent thrombosis (ST), all-cause mortality, any MI, target vessel failure (TVF) and major adverse cardiac events (MACE—composite of cardiac death, MI, emergent or repeat revascularisation).

Results

At 12 months, the primary endpoint occurred in 11 (2.4%) of 466 patients, consisting of 4 (0.9%) cardiac deaths, 3 (0.6%) target vessel MI and 7 (1.5%) TLR. Secondary endpoints findings included all-cause mortality in 6 (1.3%), TVF of 14 (3%), no definite ST, 1 (0.2%) probable ST and 3 (0.6%) possible ST. Overall MACE was observed in 18 (3.9%).

Conclusions

The S-FLEX UK registry showed that the S-SES is safe with a low incidence of TLF in routine clinical practise in patients with coronary artery disease being treated by PCI.
Subcellular fractionation of frozen skeletal muscle samples
Authors: Dias Pedro Rafael Firmino , Gandra Paulo Guimarães , Brenzikofer René , Macedo Denise Vaz
Published: October 2019

Cell fractionation can be used to determine the localization and trafficking of proteins between cellular compartments such as the cytosol, mitochondria, and nuclei. Subcellular fractionation is usually performed immediately after tissue dissection because freezing may fragment cell membranes and induce organellar cross-contamination. Mitochondria are especially sensitive to freezing/thawing and mechanical homogenization. We proposed a protocol to improve the retention of soluble proteins in the mitochondrial fraction obtained from small amounts of frozen skeletal muscle. Fifty milligrams of the red portion of gastrocnemius muscle from Wistar rats were immediately processed or frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80 °C for further processing. We compared the enrichment of subcellular fractions from frozen/fresh samples obtained with the modified protocol with those obtained by standard fractionation. Western blot analyses of marker proteins for cytosolic (alpha-tubulin), mitochondrial (VDAC1), and nuclear (histone-H3) fractions indicated that all of the procedures resulted in enriched subcellular fractions with minimal organellar cross-contamination. Notably, the activity of the soluble protein citrate synthase was higher in the mitochondrial fractions obtained with the modified protocol from frozen/fresh samples compared with the standard protocol. Therefore, our protocol improved the retention of soluble proteins in the mitochondrial fraction and may be suitable for subcellular fractionation of small amounts of frozen skeletal muscle samples.
In the Face of Suffering
Authors: Genuis Katrina
Published: October 2019

For Emmanuel Lévinas, concrete circumstances of human suffering problematize abstract conceptions of God. Lévinas considers the face of the suffering Other to be the locus of ethical action and ethics as the realm of transcendence. This article relates Lévinas’s conception of the Other’s suffering face to pragmatic observations about humans’ capacity to respond to suffering, and explores whether artwork depicting faces, photography specifically, may uniquely provoke empathetic, ethical responses in an observer. I argue, using examples from twentieth-century Japanese photographer Shōmei Tōmatsu’s images of Nagasaki nuclear bomb survivors, that images have the capacity to reveal hidden dimensions of human experience and provoke humility through estrangement. Tōmatsu’s photographs may renew a viewer’s vulnerability to the pain of others and re-orient a viewer’s self towards relational selfhood. Ultimately, if God is present in the fabric of face-to-face encounters, as Lévinas suggests, artwork that fosters empathetic human relations bears transcendent significance.
Problems with parasites: comments on the recently proposed Apicoplast sequences of Calil et al. (2019)
Authors: Harris D. James
Published: October 2019

On a variety of levels, parasites are profoundly important. Somewhat surprisingly therefore, parasites infecting reptiles are often very poorly known, particularly relative to those from mammals and birds. Haemogregarines, apicomplexan intracellular parasites, are some of the most common in reptiles. Recently Calil et al. (2019) presented a molecular assessment of these parasites from snakes from Brazil, including sequences considered to be from a region of the Apicoplast. Unfortunately, close examination of these sequences indicates they are probably all contaminants. This highlights the need for careful consideration of sequences from poorly known groups and the value in publishing negative results – where for example primers do not amplify the expected genes. Such information can still be valuable in ensuring other researchers do not spend time only to reach the same, negative, conclusions.
Development of an Ionic Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) Sensors for the Detection of Na+ and K+ in Human Urine
Authors: Kim Min-Hee , Yu In-Keun , Choi Seong-Ho
Published: October 2019

In this study, we developed a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) ionic sensor that can determine Na+ and K+ in human urine by the immobilization of crown ether as an ionic selector on a QCM electrode. In detail, –COOH was first introduced onto the QCM electrode
surface by electrochemical copolymerization of thiophene and 3-thiopheneacetic acid, and then crown ether was introduced as an ionic selector onto the –COOH-modified QCM electrode by amide bond reaction. The prepared QCM ionic sensor was evaluated by FT-IR spectroscopy, SEM, contact
angle, and cyclic voltammetry to confirm its successful fabrication. A prepared QCM ionic sensor with 4′-aminobenzo18-crown-6 adsorbed at 0.344 μg to K+ cation in this experiment. The Na+ cation was 0.360 mg in a human urine sample with a prepared QCM
ionic sensor with 4′-aminobenzo-15-crown-5 and the K+ cation in a real human urine sample was 0.280 mg with a QCM ionic sensor with 4-aminobenzo18-crown-6, respectively. According to these results, the prepared QCM ionic sensor could be used to detection of sodium and potassium
concentrations in human urine samples.
Capacitive Multilayered Bio-Sensor Based on Dielectric Modulation Towards Sensing of Biomolecules
Authors: Biswas Bikram , Bhowmick Sutanni , Dey Anup , Roy Subhashis , Sarkar Subir Kumar
Published: October 2019

In this paper, we propose a multilayered capacitive biosensor and evaluate the feasibility of using capacitance as a metric for sensing target biomolecules. The structure has been modeled using the IntelliSuite software. Consideration of distinct values of dielectric constants for different
biomolecules makes it a suitable parameter for capacitive biosensor applications. The structure consists of nanogap cavities that act as the sensing sites. The concept of dielectric modulation has been employed for detecting the change in capacitance due to change in the dielectric constant
of the cavity. We have used two biomolecules, biotin and APTES for the analysis. This paper highlights new opportunities for identification of biomolecules using MEMS-based dielectric modulated biosensors.
Projective Identification in Couples
Authors: Nielsen Arthur C.
Published: October 2019

Projective identification (PI) is a complex process that can bridge the divide between individual psychodynamics and interpersonal systemic process. Consequently, it provides a powerful lens through which to examine couple conflict and unhappiness. This paper aims to clarify and demystify the concept and to illustrate its special utility for clinicians practicing individual psychoanalysis or psychotherapy, and for therapists who treat couples conjointly. It deconstructs PI into components of transference (projection), induction, and identification of both inducers and recipients; distinguishes subtypes; and then discusses some important topics surrounding the concept, including what is meant by “identification,” the importance of “containment,” and how induction is often accomplished by inaction. Clinical examples illustrate how patients use PI to manage grief, shame, past traumas, and current deficits. The utility of PI for understanding partner selection and marital polarities is illustrated, and guidelines for working with PI in psychodynamic couple therapy are provided.
Identifying Fraction Measures as Screeners of Mathematics Risk Status
Authors: Rodrigues Jessica , Jordan Nancy C. , Hansen Nicole
Published: October 2019

This study investigated the accuracy of three fraction measures (i.e., fraction number line estimation accuracy, general fraction concepts, and fraction arithmetic) for screening fourth graders who might be at risk for mathematics difficulties. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses assessed diagnostic accuracy of the fraction measures for predicting which students would not meet state standards on the state mathematics test in fourth grade ( n = 411), fifth grade ( n = 362), and sixth grade ( n = 304). A combined measure consisting primarily of fraction number line estimation items and general fraction concept items was the most accurate screener of risk status in fourth, fifth, and sixth grades (area under the curve [AUC] = .84, .81, and .85, respectively). To maximize efficiency for classroom use, the length of the combined screener was reduced using best subset automatic linear modeling. The study highlights the importance of fraction knowledge for predicting mathematics achievement more generally and validates an effective and practical screening tool for the intermediate grades.
Assessment of cerebral low-frequency oscillations in patients with retinal vein occlusion: a preliminary functional MRI study
Authors: Gao Qing , Peng Bin , Huang Xin , Qi Chen-Xing , Tong Yan , Deng Qin-Qin , Shen Yin
Published: October 2019

Background

There is increasing evidence that patients with retinal vein occlusion exhibit cerebral vascular changes and are at an increased risk of stroke. However, it remains unknown whether patients with retinal vein occlusion exhibit changes in intrinsic brain activity.

Purpose

This study investigated intrinsic brain activity changes in patients with retinal vein occlusion by assessing the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations.

Material and Methods

Forty-five patients with retinal vein occlusion (22 men, 23 women, mean age 56.55 ± 6.97 years) and 43 healthy controls (13 men, 30 women; mean age 53.53 ± 8.19 years) closely matched in age, sex, and education level underwent resting-state MRI scans. The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation method was used to compare intrinsic brain activity between the two groups.

Results

Compared with healthy controls, patients with retinal vein occlusion exhibited significantly lower amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation values in the left middle occipital gyrus, right middle occipital gyrus, and right calcarine. However, patients with retinal vein occlusion showed significantly higher amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in the bilateral cerebellum 6, right hippocampus, left insula, and left fusiform (voxel-level P < 0.01, Gaussian random field correction, cluster-level P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Our results demonstrated that patients with retinal vein occlusion showed abnormal spontaneous neural activities in the visual cortices, cerebellum, and Papez circuit, which might indicate impaired vision, cognition, and emotional function in patients with retinal vein occlusion. These findings offer important insights into the neural mechanism of retinal vein occlusion.
Writing on the wall: Mathieu Tremblin’s ‘Tag Clouds’ and the politics of cultural assimilation
Authors: Matheron Aurelie
Published: October 2019

This article explores how French street artist Mathieu Tremblin’s Tag Clouds satirises mainstream French media’s and right-wing politicians’ representations of the French banlieue. As Tag Clouds erases tags and writes over them in a more legible font, I argue that it performs visual sanitisation to satirise the politics and aesthetics of French visual culture affecting urban settings and banlieues. Politicians’ and media’s amalgamation of banlieue with immigration, violence and poverty extends to banlieue visual culture. Tag Clouds’ erasure of tags, I argue, challenges how French visual culture relies on an ‘economy of sameness’ (Brown, 2006) and the formatting of different cultural, racial and political identities into a unique, transparent model of citizenship. Tag Clouds reveals how sameness affects banlieue environments and visual culture. Ultimately, I demonstrate how Tag Clouds ironically calls for recognising the taggers’ ‘right to opacity’ (Glissant, 1990) and their right to refuse to conform to mainstream French visual culture norms.
Game of hypocrites: Beurs break silence in Faïza Guène’s Kiffe kiffe demain
Authors: Seblini Nour
Published: October 2019

This article analyses the cultural crisis of beur youth by calling attention, in Faïza Guène’s novel, Kiffe kiffe demain (2004), to how Maghrebi immigrants as well as the French state attempt to manipulate young bodies and minds. The struggle that underlies the narrative is an exploitation of Islam within France’s Moroccan immigrant community to preserve honneur at the immigrant community level, while enjoying bonheur at the individual level. As religion is used to subjugate the younger generation, Islam loses credibility in the eyes of beurs. I also seek to explore how la laïcité of French culture marginalises individuals who do not accept assimilation into a superior racist system that is based on an exclusionary notion of citizenship. Who falls victim in the end? It is the young beur, who cannot tolerate the extremism of either French Orientalist views or their parents’ Occidentalist views.
Matters of principle for Jérôme Ferrari: Science and conscience, ethics and aesthetics in the life of Werner Heisenberg
Authors: Bracher Nathan
Published: October 2019

This article analyses Jérôme Ferrari’s novel Le Principe, reflecting on the life and research of Werner Heisenberg, whose famous uncertainty principle is thus explored as a paradigm of a whole series of epistemological, existential and ethical quandaries. Juxtaposing the author/narrator’s personal vicissitudes with the ambivalent trajectory of the Nobel Prize-winning physicist who, without being a Nazi, carried out nuclear research under Hitler’s authority, Ferrari’s text proves to be emblematic not only of the tragic legacy of the twentieth century, but also of twenty-first-century narratives seeking existential significance, intellectual lucidity and aesthetic fulfilment in a world seemingly dominated by unprincipled finance and runaway technology.
Citation as a measure of ‘impact’: Female legal academics at a disadvantage?
Authors: Barnett Katy
Published: October 2019

This article discusses whether the demand that law academics show citations by a superior court is disadvantageous to women, using the citations of academic work by the High Court of Australia from 2015, 2016 and 2017. The preliminary data show that male academics were cited much more often than female academics (even for works written after 1999), and academics who were cited were associated primarily with ‘elite’ universities in Australia, England and the United States. The use of citation by superior courts may not really show ‘impact’ but may rather indicate that the common law displays historical and unconscious biases.
Evaluation of autochthonous cultures to improve the cheese flavor: A case study in hard cheese model
Authors: Cuffia Facundo , Bergamini Carina V , Hynes Érica R , Wolf Irma V , Perotti María C
Published: October 2019

The characterization of autochthonous cultures based on their contribution to cheese flavor is an additional selection criterion for their use in cheese making. The objective of the present work was to assess the ability of three strains of mesophilic lactobacilli: Lactobacillus casei 72 (Lc72), L. paracasei 90 (Lp90), and L. plantarum 91 (Lp91), one strain of thermophilic lactobacillus: L. helveticus 209 (Lh209), and the thermophilic–mesophilic combinations, to grow and produce aroma compounds in a hard cheese model. Microbiological counts, pH, and the profiles of carbohydrates, organic acids, and volatile compounds were analyzed during incubation for 14 days at 37 ℃. The population of mesophilic lactobacilli reached levels around 8.0 log CFU ml−1 at three days, but then decreased until ∼7.0 log CFU ml−1 toward 14 days. Thermophilic lactobacillus population reached and maintained levels around 7.7 log CFU ml−1 during incubation. Carbohydrates were absent in the hard cheese model, and so no change in the pH values and in the levels of lactic acid was detected. Mesophilic lactobacilli, inoculated individually or in association with Lh209, metabolized the citric acid and produced ethanoic acid. The profiles of volatile compounds of mesophilic lactobacilli (characterized mainly by butan-2-one, 3-hydroxybutan-2-one, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, hexan-1-ol, 2-phenylethanol, and ethanoic acid) were different from the profile of thermophilic lactobacillus Lh209 (characterized mainly by heptan-2-one, ethyl acetate, isoamyl hexanoate, pentan-1-ol, decanoic acid, and 2- and 3-methylbutanal). Cooperative effects in the production of compounds related to cheese flavor, such as 3-hydroxybutan-2-one, ethyl butanoate, ethanol, pentan-2-ol, hexan-1-ol, benzeneacetaldehyde, 2-phenylethanol, and heptanoic acid, were largely evidenced between Lh209 and Lp91; in a lesser extent, cooperative effects were also found for Lh209+Lp90 for the following compounds: 3-hydroxybutan-2-one, isoamyl acetate, and ethanoic acid. Of the mesophilic lactobacilli strains evaluated, Lp91 and Lp90 would be interesting candidates for its use as adjunct cultures in hard cheeses to improve and diversify the flavor.
Effects of partial and complete replacement of added phosphates with encapsulated phosphates on lipid oxidation inhibition in cooked ground meat during storage
Authors: Kılıç Birol , Şimşek Azim , Claus James R , Karaca Esra , Bilecen Damla
Published: October 2019

The objective of this research was to investigate the influence of various levels (0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5%) of added encapsulated polyphosphates (sodium tripolyphosphate; sodium pyrophosphate) combined with unencapsulated polyphosphate to total 0.5% on the inhibition of lipid oxidation in cooked ground meat (beef, chicken) during refrigerated storage (0, 1, 7 d). The use of sodium tripolyphosphate (encapsulated sodium tripolyphosphate, unencapsulated sodium tripolyphosphate) led to lower cooking loss compared to sodium pyrophosphate in both meat species (p < 0.05). Increasing encapsulated sodium tripolyphosphate up to 0.3% decreased cooking loss in ground beef (p < 0.05). Added encapsulated polyphosphate at 0.5% had the same effect on pH as 0.5% unencapsulated polyphosphate in the cooked ground beef and chicken. A higher accumulation of orthophosphate was determined in the samples with sodium tripolyphosphate compared to those with sodium pyrophosphate (p < 0.05). Inclusion of a minimum of 0.1% encapsulated polyphosphate decreased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and lipid hydroperoxides on 7 d. Increasing encapsulated sodium tripolyphosphate and encapsulated sodium pyrophosphate up to 0.2% in beef decreased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances at 7 d. Addition of 0.4% encapsulated sodium tripolyphosphate and 0.3% encapsulated sodium pyrophosphate in chicken prevented any increase in TBARS during storage. Incorporating encapsulated sodium pyrophosphate at 0.3% inhibited lipid hydroperoxide formation in beef and chicken. The meat industry could achieve enhanced lipid oxidation inhibition by replacing some of the unencapsulated polyphosphate with encapsulated polyphosphate in their product formulations.
The role of PhD-prepared, hospital-based nurses: an inter-Nordic study
Authors: Elgaard Sørensen Erik , Hoffmann Kusk Kathrine , Athlin Asa Muntlin , Lode Kirsten , Rustøen Tone , Salmela Susanne , Hølge-Hazelton Bibi
Published: October 2019

Background

Little is known about PhD-prepared nurses employed at Nordic university hospitals, how they are organised, what their practices look like or what career pathway they have chosen.

Aims

The purpose was to investigate and compare the prevalence of PhD-prepared nurses employed at university hospitals in the Nordic countries, to investigate what functions they fulfil and what research activities they undertake and to document how they describe their ideal work life.

Methods

A descriptive cross-sectional study. An electronic questionnaire was sent to 245 PhD-prepared nurses working at a university hospital in one of six Nordic countries and 166 responses were achieved (response rate 67%). Descriptive analyses were performed using SPSS Statistics.

Results

The study found notable differences among PhD-prepared nurses employed at university hospitals with respect to work function; organisational structure; satisfaction about time split between research and practice; and the mean scores of time spend on research, clinical practice and teaching, supervision and administration.

Conclusions

In order to succeed with capacity building among the nursing workforce, collaboration and networking with other researchers and close contact to clinical practice is important. The role of the hospital-based, PhD-prepared nurse needs to be better described and defined to ensure that evidence-based care is provided.
Plasma proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 concentration and recurrent cardiovascular events in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Cao Ye-Xuan , Liu Hui-Hui , Jin Jing-Lu , Sun Di , Guo Yuan-Lin , Wu Na-Qiong , Zhu Cheng-Gang , Xu Rui-Xia , Sun Jing , Santos Raul D , Li Jian-Jun
Published: October 2019

Aims

Familial hypercholesterolemia patients are characterized by early onset of coronary artery calcification and atherosclerosis, and high incidence of cardiovascular events. Plasma proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 was reported to be a predictor for cardiovascular risk in the general population. However, its prognostic value for predicting recurrent cardiovascular events in familial hypercholesterolemia patients remains undetermined.

Methods

A total of 249 patients with molecularly and/or clinically (Dutch Lipid Clinic Network score > 6) defined familial hypercholesterolemia who had experienced a first cardiovascular event were consecutively included and plasma proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Coronary artery calcification was measured using Agatston method and coronary severity was assessed by Gensini score, respectively. All patients received standard lipid-lowering therapy and were followed-up for recurrent cardiovascular events. Univariate and multivariate regression and Cox analyses was used to calculate hazard ratios with 95% confidence interval.

Results

Circulating proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 concentrations were positively associated with coronary artery calcification scores and Gensini score by both univariate and multivariate analyses. During a mean follow-up of 43 ± 19 months, 29 (11.51%) recurrent cardiovascular events occurred. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that patients with the highest proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 levels had the lowest event-free survival time. Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 was independently associated with recurrent cardiovascular events (hazard ratio: 1.45, 95% confidence interval: 1.11–1.88). The combination of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 to Cox prediction model led to an enhanced predictive value for recurrent cardiovascular events.

Conclusions

Increased level of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 was a significant risk factor of atherosclerosis and independently predicted future recurrent cardiovascular events in familial hypercholesterolemia patients receiving standard lipid-lowering treatment.
Activated kinases in ALL: time to act
Authors: Ofran Yishai
Published: October 2019

In this issue of Blood, Reshmi et al1 report a study that defines a protocol for identifying kinase-driven high-risk (HR) features, known as “Ph-like” expression profile, in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Revealing the underlying genetic aberration allows better prognostication and may point to potential therapeutic options for specific patients. Originally identified in pediatric patients, this Ph-like or kinase-driven ALL (KD-ALL) subtype has also been found to be common among adults.2,3 The journey to the routine identification of these kinase-activating genetic alternations started 8 years ago and required extensive efforts and use of different laboratory methods to become feasible. The most important take-home message from this work is that the time has come for routine screening for kinase-activating alterations in ALL. Although this study is published before clinical outcome data of the patients enrolled in the Children’s Oncology Group study have matured, the clinical significance of identification of KD-ALL is well established.4 Reshmi et al confirm the complexity of the genetic alteration map of these potentially targetable aberrations. The authors also provide a working diagnostic paradigm starting with a simple gene expression screening test, which reliably identifies patients in whom genetic testing for kinase-activating alterations is futile. Of 202 patients whose suggested score for screening was below 0.5, only in 1 was a potentially targetable fusion detected (HOOK3-FGFR1 genes).
Not so lost in translation: RPS15 mutations in CLL
Authors: Ljungström Viktor , Rosenquist Richard
Published: October 2019

In this issue of Blood, Bretones et al expand knowledge of the functional consequences of recurrent mutations in RPS15, a gene that encodes a ribosomal protein of the 40S subunit and is enriched in patients with clinically aggressive chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).1 By transfecting RPS15 mutants and applying different technologies to assess ribosome activity and efficiency in combination with high-throughput proteome profiling, they were able to demonstrate reduced half-life of RPS15, impaired translational fidelity, and changes in the expressed proteome in mutant vs wild-type RPS15.