bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy piecewise coordinated control and stability analysis of the photovoltaic‐storage direct current microgrid
Authors: Gu Jipeng , Xie Luyao , Yang Xiaodong , Zhang Youbing , Wang Licheng , Wang Qianru , Zhang Weijie , Wang Binjie
Published: August 2022

In order to ensure the safe and reliable operation of photovoltaic‐storage DC microgrid in islanded mode, this paper proposes a piecewise coordinated control strategy based on fuzzy logic to independently judge the working mode of microgrid. Firstly, according to the operation characteristics of microgrid, the device‐level control of each unit (photovoltaic, energy storage and load) is designed successively. Then, according to the requirement of supply and demand balance of microgrid, fuzzy logic is introduced to realize the independent division of threshold nodes on the basis of piecewise control, so as to ensure the fast switching of working mode and stable operation of the system in various complex environments, that is system‐level control. And the method of impedance analysis is used to analyze the stability of microgrid under different working modes. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed coordination control strategy are verified by MATLAB/Simulink simulation results.
Targets Related to Vasculogenic Mimicry in Breast Cancer
Authors: Song Xinyu
Published: August 2022

Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is the release of angiogenic factors from tumor cells, leading to morphological changes, migration and proliferation of vascular endothelial cells, ultimately leading to neovascularization. The presence of VM has been identified in breast cancer, the formation of VM also gives breast cancer a poor prognosis such as drug resistance and metastasis. The authors focus on the role of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, hypoxia-inducible factorα(HIFα), the P38/MAPK signaling pathway, cyclooxygenase (COX2), the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway, non-coding RNAs, and the tumor phenotype in the development of VM in breast cancer, thus offering new ideas for the future treatment of breast cancer.
Research on the Development of Chinese Medicine and Its Impact on the Environment
Authors: Wang Zimu
Published: August 2022

Traditional Chinese medicine has been among the two major drug systems in the world since ancient times and has played a very important role in the medical industry. With the development of traditional Chinese medicine, while the efficacy of medicine has been improved, it has gradually had a huge impact on the surrounding environment. The reduction of environmental quality not only affects the quality of traditional Chinese medicine but also causes harm to other organisms. Therefore, it is extremely important to improve the production methods of traditional Chinese medicine. Based on the different production methods of different types of traditional Chinese medicines, the improvement methods are also different. This paper mainly studies the influence of environmental factors on the quality of Chinese herbal medicine and the influence of the industrialization of modern Chinese medicine on the surrounding environment and the solutions. By referring to the relevant literature on traditional Chinese medicine, the problems existing in the whole process from raw materials to the processing of traditional Chinese medicine are analyzed to find corresponding solutions. Through the research of this paper, it is found that although traditional Chinese medicine has some influence on the surrounding environment in the process of industrialization, the improvement of the curative effect of the medicine is still obvious, and it has made a huge contribution to the improvement of the national health level.
Newly Developed Treatments for Acute Lymphoblastic and Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Zhang Jiachang
Published: August 2022

Chemotherapy has been dominating the field of cancer treatment for a long time, however, its limitations have been revealed over time. Therefore, several antigen proteins and chimeric antigen receptorT cells (CAR-T) involved in the immunotherapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have been introduced. This paper provides details on the mechanisms, implemented investigations, and drawbacks of the immunotherapy for ALL and AML. Current studies have shown that CAR-T cell therapy can eliminate pediatric ALL relapse along with treating B cell ALL. With the appearance of CAR-T cell therapy, especially CD19-, CD20-, and CD22-directed CAR-T cells, aggressive acute lymphomas involving ALL become treatable. Studies have also shown that AML can be treated with FLT3 inhibitors and immunotherapy including monoclonal antibodies (mbA) and CD33-, CD123-directed CAR-T cells. Anti-CD33 monoclonal antibodies can combine with calicheamicin, a cytotoxic agent in DNA strand cleavage, and monotherapy of gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO), an antibody-drug conjugate, and this combination has been proved to extend the overall survival of both newly treated patients and R/R AML patients who are unable to tolerate standard chemotherapy.
On the Application of RFID Technology in the Hospital Fabric Cleaning Process
Authors: Wang Chenhao
Published: August 2022

This paper focuses on the current situation of the hospital fabric cleaning and transportation system, and uses the current more advanced RFID technology to optimize and improve some processes, so as to improve efficiency, reduce loss costs, clarify the responsibilities of all parties, improve the hospital information management level, reduce the contact between personnel and fabrics, personnel and personnel, and reduce risks.
The Study of the Development of the Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) Neuron Model
Authors: Ma Tianchi
Published: August 2022

The brain is the material basis for human understanding of the external world and the self, and brain science research is considered one of the last frontiers of human science. The HH model successfully reproduces the experimentally observed firing activity of some neurons and opens the way to a theoretical model of neuronal firing. This paper presents a dynamic timeline of the development of the HH neuronal model and its future prospects, analyzing a large body of literature. It outlines the development of the most accurate but complex HH neuronal model and compares its strengths and weaknesses, introduces emerging developments in neurodynamics and bifurcation theories in terms of optimization, and argues that future developments will not be possible without the participation of multidisciplinary interdisciplinary field. The research on this neuronal model will make an impressive contribution to society.
Analysis of the Security of 5G Technology from the Network Level
Authors: Shi Lei
Published: August 2022

In today’s society, 5G network technology has gradually entered everyone’s life, from the simplest communication to smart cars, artificial intelligence, traffic signals to the medical field, military industry and so on. All aspects of 5G network technology can be used to greatly improve the convenience of people’s lives and the technological transformation of human society. However, there are many countries, companies and people who are not so sure about 5G technology, and who may even abandon its use because of concerns about its security. As a result, this thesis focuses on the benefits and drawbacks of 5G technology’s security in networks, as well as its application in everyday life and potential security threats, as well as whether its security will escalate from a cyber-level attack to physical harm to humans or facilities when combined with the Internet of Things. The analysis of current articles, data, and expert opinion will help to produce findings that will address the concerns of those who are sceptical about the security of 5G. In this regard, it is concluded that the safety of 5G network technology requires a warning, but at this stage, its convenience and safety are within human control and can be used with confidence.
Review of the Evolution of Phased-Array Radar
Authors: Wei Yuhang
Published: August 2022

Ever since the human race discovered how bats locate, it has never stopped exploring the use of various waves to analyse and determine the position of objects to be detected. This paper describes the development of radar detection technology since World War II by investigating and analyzing the development of equipment technology in various countries’ militaries, and analyzing the bottlenecks of existing technology, pointing out the possible future direction of development. This paper concludes that the most likely breakthrough direction for the new phased array radar is a breakthrough in materials science (SiCGaN) technology, which will enable the phased array module to be fully digitalised.
Comparative Analysis of Enhanced Mobile Broadband and Mini-Slot Contributions to High Reliability and Low Latency of 5G Network
Authors: Li Yang
Published: August 2022

As one of the three 5G application scenarios, URLLC has the characteristics of ultra-low latency and ultra-high reliability, and becomes an important breakthrough for traditional communication to enter vertical industries. This paper firstly analyzes the key technologies of low delay and high reliability of URLLC, as well as the related technologies enhanced by URLLC. Futhermore, the examples of 3.5 GHz networks of both China Telecom and China Unicom are adopted to analyze the adaptability of URLLC in TDD networks. Research shows that URLLC technology can maintain the characteristics of low latency and high reliability through a variety of paths, and its adaptability in the Internet also presents a stable trend.
Analysis of Battery Swapping Technology for Electric Vehicles – Using NIO’s Battery Swapping Technology as an Example
Authors: Zhang Yusheng
Published: August 2022

The electric vehicle (EV) industry is growing rapidly at the moment. However, refueling an electric vehicle could be a time-consuming process. This was the case until the emergence of battery swapping technology. Using the battery swapping technology developed by EV manufacturer NIO as an example, this paper aims to analyze the history, current state, and future of the technology. In order to conduct the analysis, data provided by the EV industry is closely examined, as data from NIO is compared with data from other aspects of the EV industry. Through the analysis, it is found that the battery swapping technology provides efficiency and convenience, but is of high cost and lacks adequate infrastructure on a larger scale. Battery swapping technology has a promising future, but in order to effectively compete with conventional technologies such as charging stations, it would be beneficial for the technology to cut down on cost and expand its infrastructure.
Convolutional Neural Networks for Biometrics Applications
Authors: Jin Jiani
Published: August 2022

A convolutional neural network (CNN) is a feed-forward neural network that can react with other units in a specific range and can handle huge images well as a deep learning algorithm. CNN is a very convenient tool for conveying visual information and can be good for improving recognition accuracy. However, volumetric neural networks also increase the complexity of the networks, making them more challenging to optimize and more prone to overfitting. This paper will focus on the history of CNN development and the current use of the method, and the difficulties encountered. Furthermore, we will analyze its application in bioinformatics by discussing the papers published in the field about CNN. After the CNN was invented by Leon O. Chua and Lee Yang in 1988, researchers transformed a neural network into a CPU with thousands of cores. Improvements to the CNN in recent years have been made in six main parts: convolutional layer, pooling layer, activation function, loss function, regularization, and optimization, which have reduced the redundancy of the CNN and allowed it to process faster and more accurately processing. Nowadays, it is mainly used for image classification, text processing, video processing, etc. Above all, this paper realizes that CNN has excellent advantages in feature extraction and can play a huge role in dealing with eye biometrics, flower recognition, etc.
Preparation of 4-Arylthiazol-2(3H)-ones and the Three-Component Synthesis of Multidentate 5,5′-Methylenebis[4-arylthiazol-2(3H)-one] Ligands
Authors: Döndaş H. Ali , Ortuño Juan F. , Poyraz Samet , Belabbes Asmaa , Kavas Özge , Belveren Samet , Altuğ Cevher , Retamosa María de Gracia , Foubelo Francisco , Pask Christopher M. , Sansano José M.
Published: August 2022

The synthesis of 4-arylthiazol-2(3H)-ones is reported employing a novel and mild methodology using benign solvents. In a second objective, the multicomponent preparation of 5,5′-methylenebis[4-arylthiazol-2(3H)-ones] is described following the same strategy. The analysis of the mechanism is also studied and confirmed using chemical tests.
Synthetic versus Biological Patches for CDH: A Comparison of Recurrence Rates and Adverse Events, Systematic Review, and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kamal Tasnim Rowshan , Tyraskis Athanasios , Ghattaura Harmit , Fitchie Angus , Lakhoo Kokila
Published: August 2022

Objective Our systematic review aims to compare recurrence rates and complications of biological versus synthetic patches for the repair of congenital diaphragmatic herniae.

Methods Studies from January 1, 1980 to April 25, 2020, with patients under the age of 16 years and with a minimum 6-month follow-up, were included from MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Funnel plots for recurrence rates were constructed for biological and synthetic patches. Subgroup analysis was performed for recurrence rate at the 1-year time-point and data were gathered on individual adverse events from relevant studies.

Results A total of 47 studies with 986 patients (226 biological, 760 synthetic) were included. Funnel plot analysis determined overall recurrence rates of 16.7% for synthetic and 30.3% for biological patches. Subgroup analysis of 493 and 146 patients with synthetic and biological patches, respectively, showed recurrence rates of 9.9 and 26%, respectively.

The most commonly used patch types—PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) and SIS (small intestinal submucosa)—had 11.5 and 33.3% recurrence, respectively. Adhesive bowel obstruction rates ranged from 4 to 29% in studies that systematically reported it for synthetic, and 7 to 35% for biological patches. Gastroesophageal reflux rates ranged from 25 to 48% in studies that systematically reported it for synthetic, and 21 to 42% for biological patches. Pectus deformity rates were reported as high as 80% for synthetic patches.

Conclusion Biological patches appear to have higher recurrence rates than synthetic patches, while skeletal deformities are associated more commonly with synthetic patches. Results of biological patches are mainly using SIS and this may overestimate complications of current superior biological patches.
Intratumoral and Peritumoral Brain Abscess Concomitant with Glioblastoma: Report of Two Cases with Review of Literature
Authors: Shaikh Salman , Othman Hassan , Marriyam Iqra , Nagaraju Santhosh , Kovacevic Gorana , Dardis Ronan
Published: August 2022

Intracranial abscess coexistent with a high grade glioma, without prior surgical intervention, is an unusual occurrence. This paper presents two such cases with Nocardia farcinica abscess surrounding the glioblastoma in an immunocompromised individual and Enterococcus faecium abscess within the glioblastoma in an immunocompetent patient. Adjuvant therapy was tapered as per each patient's clinical response. Till date, only eight cases of coexistent high-grade glioma and brain abscess have been reported in literature. This report stands distinct in highlighting the need to radiologically evaluate each foci of a multicentric cranial lesion on its own merit.
Comparative Outcome Analysis of Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy and Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Surgery in Pediatric Hydrocephalus: An Experience of a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Prajapati Hanuman Prasad , Ansari Mohd Ahmad , Jaiswal Manish
Published: August 2022

Background Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) and ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery (VPS) are used for the surgical management of pediatric hydrocephalus. There is controversy regarding the safety and efficacy of these procedures according to age, etiologies, and type of hydrocephalus.

Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes and complications of ETV and VPS in pediatric hydrocephalus and to evaluate the better procedure.

Material and Methods We retrospectively analyzed the pediatric hydrocephalus cases that were operated by ETV and VPS at our department from June 2016 to June 2019. Data were analyzed with respect to the etiology of hydrocephalus, age, and gender of the patients. We compared the outcomes (success and failure) depending on age at surgery, etiology, and type of hydrocephalus, complications at 12 months of follow-up. Fisher's exact test and chi-square test were applied to test the significance of difference.

Results There were 195 pediatric hydrocephalus cases, which were operated by ETV (n = 43; 22.05%) and VPS (n = 152; 77.95%). The mean age of the cases was 53.63 ± 60.24 (ranged 0.5–204 months) in the ETV group and 53.44 ± 54.10 (ranged 0.3–210 months) in the VPS group. The male-to-female ratio was 1.41:1 in the ETV group and 1.21: 1 in the VPS group. Overall, ETV had successful outcomes in 30(69.77%) cases and VPS in 102(67.11%) cases at 12 months of follow-up. The complication rates were found in 7 (16.28%) cases in the ETV group and 38 (25.0%) cases in the VPS group. At initial 0.5 months of follow-up, ETV required revisions in 6 (13.95%) cases and VPS in 15 (9.87%) cases.

Conclusion Although the success and failure of both the procedure vary according to the age at surgery, etiology and type of hydrocephalus, and complications, and failure rates on follow-up, there were no statistically significant differences between the two surgical groups in respect to these variables.
Comparative Role of MDCT and FDG-PET/CT in the Diagnostic Evaluation of Mediastinal Mass Lesions: An Institutional Experience
Authors: Reddy Ravikanth
Published: August 2022

Background Mediastinal mass lesions span a wide histopathological and radiological spectrum. Partition of the mediastinum into specific compartments aids in differential diagnosis of mass lesions, assistance in biopsies, and other surgical procedures. Multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) is a promising three-dimensional imaging tool allowing substantial anatomical volumes to be routinely covered with isotropic submillimeter spatial resolution to precisely localize lesions and biopsy needles for both benign and malignant disease lesions of the mediastinum.

Objective The aim of this study was to categorize mass lesions according to the mediastinal compartments to study their MDCT characteristics and to provide a comparative role of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) in the diagnostic evaluation of mediastinal mass lesions.

Materials and Methods Patients with clinical or radiological suspicion of mediastinal lesions on the basis of an abnormal chest radiograph were referred to the department of radiodiagnosis at a tertiary care center between April 2015 and December 2019 for MDCT evaluation. A total of 80 cases were correlated with the histopathological diagnosis excluding aneurysms. Size, CT density (Hounsfield unit [HU] mean), and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of mediastinal and chest wall lesions were determined on FDG-PET/CT.

Results This study included a total of 102 cases, 72 males and 29 females. Mediastinal mass lesions were most common in the age group 46 to 60 years. Anterior mediastinum (n = 43, 42.2%) is the most commonly involved compartment followed by posterior mediastinum (n = 37, 35.9%) and middle mediastinum (n = 22, 21.8%). Transcompartmental involvement is more commonly seen involving the anterior and middle mediastinum. The SUVmax, HU mean, and size were higher in malignant cases (p = 0.001, p = 0.003, and p = 0.004, respectively). The current study found a cutoff value of 4.61 for SUVmax to discriminate benign lesions from malignant ones with a sensitivity and specificity of 73.7 and 75.9%, respectively (area under the curve: 0.841, 95% confidence interval: 0.793–0.965, p = 0.0001). The values of SUVmax and HU mean were higher in solid benign lesions than those of cystic benign lesions (p = 0.007 and p = 0.003, respectively).

Conclusion In the current study, MDCT has high diagnostic accuracy of ∼94% overall as compared with histopathology, and 97 and 92% for benign and malignant lesions, respectively, in the evaluation of mediastinal mass lesions. FDG-PET/CT may be complementary to conventional imaging methods for the evaluation of mediastinal and chest wall mass lesions. However, confirmatory tissue sampling is required to confirm PET positive findings for the definite diagnosis.
Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Management of Coronary Artery Disease in the Elderly
Authors: Fadah Kahtan , Hechanova Aimee , Mukherjee Debabrata
Published: August 2022

Elderly patients over the age of ≥ 75 years are especially susceptible to coronary artery disease (CAD) as age is an important nonmodifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis and a predictor of poorer outcomes. In fact, CAD is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in this population. Due to concerns of functional frailty, comorbidities, and patient preference of conservative to no treatment have played a role in reducing the interest in pursuing prospective studies in this high-risk group. In this review, we provide an overview of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of CAD in older adults.
Single-shot all-digital approach for measuring the orbital angular momentum spectrum of light
Authors: Otte E. , Bobkova V. , Trinschek S. , Rosales-Guzmán C. , Denz C.
Published: August 2022

Light fields carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) offer a broad variety of applications in which especially an accurate determination of the respective OAM spectrum, i.e., unraveling the content of OAM by its topological charge ℓ, has become a main subject. Even though various techniques have been proposed to measure the OAM spectrum of such modes, many of them fail if optical vortices have to be considered in perturbed or dynamically changing experimental systems. Here, we put forward a novel technique capable of determining the OAM spectrum of light by a single measurement shot, which specifically applies to those fields that have been distorted. Experimentally, our technique only requires to interfere the perturbed light field with a reference field. From the resulting intensity pattern, the accurate OAM spectrum is determined in an all-digital way. We demonstrate our novel approach by numerical simulations and a proof-of-concept experiment employing a model ball lens as an exemplary disturbing object.
Effect of energy deposition on the disordering kinetics in dual-ion beam irradiated single-crystalline GaAs
Authors: Debelle A. , Gutierrez G. , Boulle A. , Monnet I. , Thomé L.
Published: August 2022

The damage induced in GaAs crystals irradiated with dual-ion beam (low-energy I2+ and high-energy Fe9+), producing simultaneous nuclear (Sn) and electronic (Se) energy depositions, was investigated using several characterization techniques. Analysis of the damage buildup shows that Sn alone (single 900 keV ion beam) leads, in a two-step process, to full amorphization of the irradiated layer (at a fluence of 1.5 nm−2) and to the development of a high (2.2%) elastic strain. Conversely, only one step in the disordering process is observed upon dual-ion beam irradiation (i.e., 900 keV I2+ and 27 MeV Fe9+, Sn&Se); hence, amorphization is prevented and the elastic strain remains very weak (below 0.2%). These results provide a strong evidence that, in GaAs, the electronic energy deposition can induce an efficient dynamic annealing of the damage created in collision cascades formed during nuclear energy deposition.
Bandwidth enhancement for over-mode traveling-wave amplifiers
Authors: Jia Dongdong , Yin Hairong , Xu Jin , Yue Lingna , Yang Ruichao , Yin Pengcheng , Luo Jinjing , Zhang Jian , Cai Jinchi , Guo G. , Yu Sheng , Wang W. X. , Li D. , Wei Yanyu
Published: August 2022

To increase the bandwidth of conventional over-mode traveling wave tubes (TWTs) with single-mode existing (SME) in an operation band, a theory on over-mode TWTs with multi-modes coexisting (MME) in the operation band is presented in this paper. To verify this theory, G-band dual-beam and shunted coupled Hughes-type coupled-cavity TWTs with MME and SME are investigated. The particle-in-cell simulation analysis confirms that, compared with SME TWT, the MME TWT can not only operate stably but also has 2.24 times bandwidth and a large increase in the output power.
Thermal convection in a rotating porous medium layer saturated by a nanofluid under a helical magnetic field
Authors: Kopp M. I. , Yanovsky V. V.
Published: August 2022

In recent years, experiments with flows of liquid metals in a helical magnetic field have been actively carried out. The study of the processes of mixing and crystallization of a liquid metal is of practical importance for metallurgy. With the development of nanotechnology, more and more new types of nanofluids (hybrid, ternary nanofluids) are being synthesized, and the thermophysical characteristics of which can compete with liquid metals. This circumstance served as a motivation for conducting this theoretical study. In this study, the criterion for the onset of convection in a Darcy–Brinkman porous medium layer saturated by an electrically conductive nanofluid under a helical magnetic field is investigated. The Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects are combined in the model for nanofluids, whereas the Darcy–Brinkman model is used for porous media. Instead of prescribing the nanoparticle volume fraction on the borders, we adopted a boundary condition in which the nanoparticle flow is considered to be zero. In the absence of a temperature gradient, a new type of instability in a helical magnetic field in a thin layer of a nanofluid is considered. The growth rate and the region of the development of this instability are numerically obtained depending on the profile of the azimuthal magnetic field (the magnetic Rossby number Rb) and the radial wave number k. In the presence of temperature, the stationary regime of nonuniformly rotating magnetoconvection is studied. The accurate analytical equation for the critical Rayleigh–Darcy number in terms of various non-dimensional parameters is determined using the linear stability theory. The results show that rotation and the axial (vertical) part of the helical magnetic field retard the onset of convection. While the azimuthal part of the helical magnetic field has a destabilizing effect at positive Rossby numbers Rb. The conditions for stabilization and destabilization of stationary convection in a helical magnetic field are determined for metal oxide, metallic, and semiconductor nanofluids.
Amplification of THz waves by beam-wave interaction in self-assembled helical slow-wave structures with single and double chirality
Authors: Argudo Marcos Martínez , Hajitabarmarznaki Shiva , Prakash Divya J. , Dwyer Matthew M. , Lagally Max G. , van der Weide Daniel W. , Cavallo Francesca
Published: August 2022

We investigate the interaction between an electron beam and a THz guided electromagnetic wave in a helical slow-wave structure formed by self-assembly of a conductive ribbon. We have previously shown the controlled fabrication of this slow-wave structure and its potential to form the basis for widely deployable millimeter-through-THz traveling-wave tube amplifiers. The process allows the fabrication of helical slow-wave structures with single and double chirality. Here, we use three-dimensional simulations to perform a comparative analysis of beam–wave interaction in self-assembled gold helices with single and double chirality. First, the structures are modeled without the electron beam (cold helices) to calculate the distribution of the electric field generated by the high-frequency wave. We perform simulations of cold helices by using Computer Simulation Technology Microwave Studio. Second, we evaluate the interaction between an electron beam and the THz travelingwave by using a particle in cell simulator in Computer Simulation Technology Particle Studio. Simulation studies show that a switch in chirality in the middle of self-assembled helices generates a reflected wave that boosts beam–wave interaction. We demonstrate that this efficient energy exchange will potentially provide high gain in THz traveling-wave tube amplifiers based on self-assembled helices.
A dynamic threshold method for wind turbine fault detection based on spatial-temporal neural network
Authors: Zhang Yan , Han Yinghua , Wang Chen , Wang Jinkuan , Zhao Qiang
Published: August 2022

Strong coupling of wind turbines (WTs) makes the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) data spatially relevant and time-dependent. Aiming at identifying the fault state of wind turbines accurately by comprehensively using the change information in the spatial and temporal scale of SCADA data, a novel fault detection method of WTs based on spatial-temporal features' fusion of SCADA data by a deep autoencoder (DAE) and a gated recurrent unit (GRU) is proposed in this paper. The spatial feature extraction capability of the encoder layer and the temporal feature extraction capability of GRU are combined with the symmetric framework of DAE to achieve the spatial-temporal feature extraction of the whole model. Mahalanobis distance (MD) is adopted to convert the multidimensional output into a one-dimensional performance index. To avoid the influence on the fault detection results due to the changeable operational state of WTs, a dynamic threshold regression method based on the gray wolf optimization algorithm and support vector regression model is developed to identify fault data instances. Experiments with SCADA data from real wind farms verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Short-term solar irradiance prediction based on spatiotemporal graph convolutional recurrent neural network
Authors: Yu Yunjun , Hu Guoping
Published: August 2022

Solar irradiance data include temporal information and geospatial information, so solar irradiance prediction can be regarded as a spatiotemporal sequence prediction problem. However, at present, most of the research is based on time series prediction models, and the research studies on spatial-temporal series prediction models are relatively few. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate spatial-temporal information to construct a spatial-temporal sequence prediction model for research. In this paper, the spatial-temporal prediction model based on graph convolutional network (GCN) and long short-term memory network (LSTM) was established for short-term solar irradiance prediction. In this model, solar radiation observatories were modeled as undirected graphs, where each node corresponds to an observatory, and a GCN was used to capture spatial correlations between sites. For each node, temporal features were extracted by using a LSTM. In order to evaluate the prediction performance of this model, six solar radiation observatories located in the Xinjiang region of China were selected; together with widely used persistence model seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average and data-driven prediction models such as convolutional neural network, recurrent neural network, and LSTM, comparisons were made under different seasons and weather conditions. The experimental results show that the average root mean square error of the GCN-LSTM model at the six sites is 62.058 W/m2, which is reduced by 9.8%, 14.3%, 6.9%, and 3.3%, respectively, compared with other models; the average MAE is 25.376 W/m2, which is reduced by 27.7%, 26.5%, 20.1%, and 11%, respectively, compared with other models; the average R2 is 0.943, which is improved by 1.4%, 2.2%, 0.8%, and 0.4%, respectively, compared with other models.
Mixing in density- and viscosity-stratified flows
Authors: Allen P. A. , Dorrell R. M. , Harlen O. G. , Thomas R. E. , McCaffrey W. D.
Published: August 2022

The lock-exchange problem is used extensively to study the flow dynamics of density-driven flows, such as gravity currents, and as a canonical problem to mixing in stratified flows. Opposite halves of a domain are filled with two fluids of different densities and held in place by a lock-gate. Upon release, the density difference drives the flow causing the fluids to slosh back and forth. In many scenarios, density stratification will also impose a viscosity stratification (e.g., if there are suspended sediments or the two fluids are distinct). However, numerical models often neglect variable viscosity. This paper characterizes the effect of both density and viscosity stratification in the lock-exchange configuration. The governing Navier–Stokes equations are solved using direct numerical simulation. Three regimes are identified in terms of the viscosity ratio μ2/μ1=(1+γ) between the dense and less dense fluids: when γ≪1, the flow dynamics are similar to the equal-viscosity case; for intermediate values (γ∼1), viscosity inhibits interface-scale mixing leading to a global reduction in mixing and enhanced transfer between potential and kinetic energy. Increasing the excess viscosity ratio further (γ≫1) results in significant viscous dissipation. Although many gravity or turbidity current models assume constant viscosity, our results demonstrate that viscosity stratification can only be neglected when γ≪1. The initial turbidity current composition could enhance its ability to become self-sustaining or accelerating at intermediate excess viscosity ratios. Currents with initially high excess viscosity ratio may be unable to dilute and propagate long distances because of the decreased mixing rates and increased dissipation.
Review of Logic, Set Theory, and Isomorphism
Authors: Pereyra Nicolas A.
Published: August 2022

The natural sciences are unavoidably a lead to incorporate numbers and, therefore, Mathematics. Mathematics, in turn, is based on the derivation or deduction of properties or propositions with respect to given objects or elements belonging to a given set. The process of derivation/deduction of properties/propositions is called logic. The general properties of elements and sets are called Set Theory. Two sets are considered isomorphic if one can establish a one-to-one relation between the two sets such that the corresponding operators and relations within each set are equivalent. In turn, real numbers can be defined and their general properties derived from the general properties of natural numbers through set theory and isomorphism.

In this chapter, we will present basic elements of logic, set theory, and isomorphism that we will be applying in the study of real exponential, logarithmic, and trigonometric functions.
Review of Natural Numbers and Integers
Authors: Pereyra Nicolas A.
Published: August 2022

In this chapter, we will introduce axioms and axiomatic definitions of natural numbers. We will also construct the set of integers from the set of natural numbers through equivalence classes. We will review the isomorphism between nonnegative integers and natural numbers. We will review general properties of addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, exponentiation with natural number exponents, root of order n, and inequalities of natural numbers and integers.We will also review general properties of the negative operator, the identity operator, and the absolute value for integers. For more detailed and thorough discussions of natural numbers and integers, the author directs the reader toward the book Real and Complex Numbers for Physicists (Pereyra, 2020).
“e” and the Exponential Function
Authors: Pereyra Nicolas A.
Published: August 2022

In this chapter, we will derive the binomial theorem. We will then define the geometric series θgeom(Rc, Rr, n). We will define the real sequences θle(n) and θge(n). Then, we will derive some properties of real sequences θle(n) and θge(n). We will then define the real number “e,” and define the exponential function “exp (R).” Then, we will derive general properties of the exponential function.
Single-neuron bursts encode pathological oscillations in subcortical nuclei of patients with Parkinson’s disease and essential tremor
Authors: Scherer Maximilian , Steiner Leon A. , Kalia Suneil K. , Hodaie Mojgan , Kühn Andrea A. , Lozano Andres M. , Hutchison William D. , Milosevic Luka
Published: August 2022

Deep brain stimulation procedures offer an invaluable opportunity to study disease through intracranial recordings from awake patients. Here, we address the relationship between single-neuron and aggregate-level (local field potential; LFP) activities in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and thalamic ventral intermediate nucleus (Vim) of patients with Parkinson’s disease (
n
= 19) and essential tremor (
n
= 16), respectively. Both disorders have been characterized by pathologically elevated LFP oscillations, as well as an increased tendency for neuronal bursting. Our findings suggest that periodic single-neuron bursts encode both pathophysiological beta (13 to 33 Hz; STN) and tremor (4 to 10 Hz; Vim) LFP oscillations, evidenced by strong time-frequency and phase-coupling relationships between the bursting and LFP signals. Spiking activity occurring outside of bursts had no relationship to the LFP. In STN, bursting activity most commonly preceded the LFP oscillation, suggesting that neuronal bursting generated within STN may give rise to an aggregate-level LFP oscillation. In Vim, LFP oscillations most commonly preceded bursting activity, suggesting that neuronal firing may be entrained by periodic afferent inputs. In both STN and Vim, the phase-coupling relationship between LFP and high-frequency oscillation (HFO) signals closely resembled the relationships between the LFP and single-neuron bursting. This suggests that periodic single-neuron bursting is likely representative of a higher spatial and temporal resolution readout of periodic increases in the amplitude of HFOs, which themselves may be a higher resolution readout of aggregate-level LFP oscillations. Overall, our results may reconcile “rate” and “oscillation” models of Parkinson’s disease and shed light on the single-neuron basis and origin of pathophysiological oscillations in movement disorders.
Paradigm families in compounding
Authors: Cetnarowska Bozena
Published: August 2022

This chapter demonstrates the applicability of the notion of derivational paradigms and word-formation families to the study of compounds. Three families of English compounds are investigated which are headed by deverbal -er nominals. The semantic homogeneity of each of those compound families is assessed by analysing data from the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA), supplemented by some lexicographic searches and web searches. This involves the examination of the polysemy of the head nouns, the implicit semantic relation between compound elements and the transparency (or opacity) of the compounds which belong to the selected compound families. Comments are provided on the use of construction schemas to generalize over the internal structure and semantic interpretation of compound families (or subfamilies).
Paradigmatic aspects of deverbal noun conversion in English
Authors: Iordachioaia Gianina
Published: August 2022

In this paper, I seek to identify some recurrent and predictable patterns in the formation of deverbal converted nouns in English (to climb > the climb), which crucially differ from denominal conversion verbs (the bottle > to bottle) in showing only limited productivity. I will argue, however, that noun conversion exhibits regularities with respect to the morphological make-up and the semantic class of the base verbs, as well as to the noun’s interpretation in comparison to other competing suffix-based nominalizations, which I will describe as creating relatively stable derivational series within derivational paradigms (Hathout & Namer 2019).
Paradigms in English and Czech noun/verb conversion
Authors: Ševčíková Magda , Hledíková Hana
Published: August 2022

The study deals with English noun/verb conversion pairs that have both formally and semantically close counterpart pairs in Czech. The study’s aim is to examine how these nouns and verbs, linked with similar semantic relations in English and Czech, are accommodated in the two languages with different morphological structures and conversion playing a different role. The noun/verb pairs, extracted from the
British National Corpus
and from the SYN2000 corpus, are analysed as two-cell paradigms and examined along with selected derivatives. The data suggest that in the Czech sample, nominals are preferred over verbs in expressing the particular meanings and most verbs appear as denominal formations, often differently from their English counterparts.
Conversion in a paradigmatic framework of word formation
Authors: Soares Rodrigues Alexandra
Published: August 2022

This paper intends to present arguments that favour a paradigmatic approach to conversion, extending Bonami & Strnadová’s (2019) proposal of aligning relations within paradigmatic systems to the aligning relation criteria. The paper compares English and Portuguese conversion and syntactic nominalisations, according to the aligning relation criteria. Those criteria compare the different phenomena with affixed deverbal nouns situated in a paradigmatic level. A paradigmatic approach strengthens the concept of conversion as word formation because it enables us to observe an alignment between conversion pairs and affixation pairs, in contrast to syntactic nominalisations, which do not obey the same features of affixed deverbal nouns and are, thus, not aligned with them.
Structural and lexical aspects of the morphology of English participles
Authors: Fábregas Antonio
Published: August 2022

In this contribution, I explore the plausibility of a paradigm-free view to the analysis of different irregularities involving participles in English. I propose that making reference to paradigm-like entities is inescapable to provide a full account of the forms, but that the role of paradigms is more limited than standardly assumed in the literature. We will provide arguments in favour of the idea that most irregular participles (gone, been, written) emerge through the structurally-determined competition between stored verbal exponents. There will only be a small number of cases where it is necessary to invoke a higher-level object such as the paradigm, in the form of a diacritic (e.g., ABA cases such as come-came-come; Bauer et al. 2013).
English participles in the derivational paradigm
Authors: Popova Gergana
Published: August 2022

This chapter surveys the different uses of the English participles and discusses their status with respect to the distinction between derivation and inflection. In the debate about whether participles are verbal or adjectival, or indeed a mix between the two, most scholars have taken the position that ability to undergo further derivation (with affixes like -ness or negative un- for instance) indicates adjectival status. The paper assumes a descriptive focus and, without aiming to take a conclusive position relative to this general debate, explores such derivation further. The patterns covered in the paper are relatively few, but productive. This leads to derivational networks with sparse membership, but generally stable formal and semantic alignment.
Stable vs. variable eccentric load. Do they induce different training and physical performance outcomes?
Authors: Galiano Carlos , Floria Pablo , Muñoz‐López Alejandro , Sáez de Villarreal Eduardo , Nuñez Francisco Javier
Published: August 2022

Since most movements on the field require athletes to produce forces in variable and unpredictable contexts, the use of training programs based on identical repetitions of an exercise may not be optimal for movement transference. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the effects of unexpected eccentric load variability during resistance training in team sport players. Sixty‐three men were randomly allocated to two experimental groups (Variable (VTG) and stable (STG) training group) and control group: (CG) volunteered to participate in this study. Experimental groups trained with the same average load of half‐squat exercise twice a week for six weeks using rotary inertial devices (RIDs) with (VTG) and without (STG) an unexpected variability of the load. The squat force was measured for every session with force plates. Counter‐movement jump (CMJ), sprint, and change of direction performances were measured pre and post‐test. CMJ performance improved for VTG (p = .014; ES = 0.7) and STG (p = .005; ES = 0.79) but not for CG. Exposure to high eccentric forces with RIDs lead athletes to improve physical performance in the trained force vector but, since RIDs induce in high levels of variability per se, increasing the level of variability of the exercise will not add benefits to physical performance and training outcomes.
A novel transfer learning fault diagnosis method for rolling bearing based on feature correlation matching
Authors: Wang Bo , Wang Baoqiang , Ning Yi
Published: August 2022

As one of the mainstream transfer learning methods, correlation alignment (CORAL) has been widely applied in fault diagnosis field and has achieved certain achievements. However, CORAL ignores the differences between domains in the matching process, which makes it difficult to measure the discrepancies between domains accurately. To compensate the shortcomings of the CORAL, this paper proposes a new feature correlation matching (FCM) method, and further it is applied as the objective function to propose a deep feature correlation matching network (DFCMN). The FCM method focuses on both first-order feature correlation and second-order feature correlation of the source and target domains, which measures the discrepancies between different domains more comprehensively and accurately. With the powerful feature mapping capability of neural network, the DFCMN can improve the feature similarity in different domain centers while reducing the discrepancies of feature distribution between different domains, so as to obtain more reliable shared features and improve the cross-work-conditions diagnosis accuracy. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through multiple transfer tasks utilizing public rolling bearing data sets.
Closely adjacent object segmentation based on periphery-restrictive region growing
Authors: Zhao Xinyue , Li Quanzhi , Zhang Meng , Wang Quanyou , He Zaixing , Lv Yongfeng
Published: August 2022

Closely adjacent objects are a kind of challenging scene in three-dimensional point cloud segmentation. To address this issue, we propose a novel periphery-restrictive region-growing-based segmentation method. First, the clouds are smoothed by the moving least squares method and the periphery of the target clouds is extracted. Then an initial seed generation based on minimum curvature first of non-periphery points, namely, non-periphery seed generation algorithm is proposed. Finally, a nearest periphery restrictive growing algorithm is proposed for accurate segmentation. In addition, we establish a point cloud dataset of adjacent objects which contains three typically adjacent objects on the pipeline. We evaluate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method on this dataset, and the extensive experiments show that the proposed method performs well on closely adjacent objects.