bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diversity of The Family Pandanaceae in The Sibayak II Forest Area, North Sumatra
Authors: Puspita Ayu , Hutasuhut Melfa Aisyah , Rahmadina Rahmadina
Published: August 2024

Pandanaceae includes Monocotyledoneae plants that have shrub, tree and liana habitus. This study aims to determine the types of members of the Pandanaceae family that live in the Sibayak II Forest Area in North Sumatra, as well as the diversity index and key identification of these members. The method used in this research is an exploratory survey method with a purposive sampling quadrat plot technique with 10 plots measuring 10m x 10m. The results obtained 6 species from the Pandanaceae family, namely Freycinetia javanica Blume, Freycinetia sumatrana Hemsl., Freycinetia sp., Pandanus furcatus Roxb., Pandanus houletti Carriere, Pandanus sp. The diversity index of the Pandanacaeae family is 2.504 which is classified as moderate. The identification key for the Pandanaceae family has common characteristics. The Pandanaceae family is found in highland tropical forests with high rainfall and reproduces vegetatively (budding) under favorable environmental conditions.
Penerapan Teknik Penerjemahan Generalisasi dalam Dokumen Peraturan Perusahaan di PT Demei International Indonesia
Authors: Dea Indah Dea , Supriyadi Nunung
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini membahas penerapan teknik penerjemahan generalisasi dalam dokumen peraturan perusahaan di PT Demei International Indonesia. PT Demei International Indonesia merupakan salah satu anak perusahaan dari perusahaan induk di Tiongkok, Meiwanjia. Dalam proses pengoperasian mesin pengeringan kapulaga, PT Demei International Indonesia mempekerjakan engineering atau ahli teknis dari Tiongkok. PT Demei International Indonesia memiliki dokumen peraturan perusahaan yang merupakan landasan bagi karyawan dalam bekerja sesuai dengan peraturan dan budaya perusahaan. Dalam upaya menyediakan dokumen peraturan perusahaan kepada karyawan dari Tiongkok, penulis menerjemahkan peraturan perusahaan berbahasa Mandarin. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu metode wawancara dan metode jelajah internet. Pada penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan teknik penerjemahan generalisasi. Hal ini disebabkan teknik ini berorientasi pada bahasa target (BSa) dengan memperhatikan makna untuk menerjemahkan istilah khusus dalam bahasa sumber (BSu). Hasil penelitian ini adalah dokumen terjemahan peraturan perusahaan di PT Demei International Indonesia berbahasa Mandarin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penerjemahan peraturan perusahaan tersebut membantu karyawan dari Tiongkok dalam mendukung efektivitas kerja dengan mengetahui tata tertib di PT Demei International Indonesia.
The Effect of Mungbeans and Skim Milk Concentration on The Nutritional and Sensory Properties of Corn Milk
Authors: Sustriawan Budi , Aini Nur , Prihananto V , Hardika Yanuar
Published: August 2024

The research aims to determine the effect of adding mungbean and skim milk on the physical, chemical and sensory properties of corn milk as well as the best formula to produce the best corn milk. The experimental design used was a factorial randomized block design. The factors studied were the addition of green beans consisting of three levels, namely 10, 20 and 30% and the concentration of skim milk consisting of three levels, namely 3, 9 and 15%. Three repetitions were carried out to obtain 27 experimental units. The results showed that the higher the addition of green beans, the lower the viscosity and protein content. The higher the concentration of skim milk used, the higher the total dissolved solids, the lower the water content, and the higher the fat content. Determining the best treatment using the Multiple Attribute Method. Sweet corn milk with the addition of 10% green beans and 3% skim milk was the best treatment with total dissolved solids of 11.67oBrix; viscosity 27.9 cP; moisture 86.1%; ash content 0.357%; fat content 0.643%; protein content 1.69; whitish yellow color (3.35); slightly strong corn aroma (3.28); slightly thick (3.23); delicious flavor (3.67); and favorable (3.63).
Optimization Of Carica Fruit Jelly Candy Formula: Study Of Proportions Of Carica Fruit Pure And Bovine Gelatin
Authors: Astuti Santi Dwi , Ayuningtyas Laksmi Putri , Dewi Ervina Mela , Rachmadhani Syafa Athala
Published: August 2024

Carica is one of the fruits that can be found in the Dieng Plateau, Wonosobo Regency. Carica fruit has a unique taste, distinctive aroma and chewy flesh. It has a sour, bitter and gum taste which can cause itching, so this fruit is only good for consumption if it has been processed first. One example is by processing it into jelly candy. This study aims to: (1) determine the proportions of puree carica and gelatine to produce carica jelly candy products that have a response of elasticity, cohesiveness, carica taste, softness, and maximum preference, yellow color in range, and minimum stickiness; (2) knowing the sensory characteristics of the jelly candy product with the formula recommended by the Design Expert program; (3) determination of the price of rubber between the optimum formula jelly candy product and the control. This study used the RSM (Response Surface Methodology) method with a CCD (Central Composite Design) experimental design consisting of 2 factors and 2 blocks to obtain 14 treatment combinations. The data obtained were analyzed using Design Expert software V.10 and SPSS IBM Statistics V.25 using a 95% T-test. The results of this study were the optimum carica fruit jelly candy formula with the proportion of carica fruit puree 28.85% and gelatine 12.75% with a desirability value of 0.75. Increasing the proportion of pure carica fruit causes an increase in the intensity of carica taste and yellow color. While the addition of gelatin gave an increase in the elasticity, cohesiveness, stickiness and level of preference of the panelists. The results of chemical tests on carica fruit jelly candy with optimum formula and control were the optimum product had higher moisture content, ash content, protein content, and vitamin C than the control product.
Perspectives of Clinical Instructors of Nursing Student Competences in Acute and Critical Care
Authors: Retnaningsih Dwi
Published: August 2024

Nursing students must be competent in providing acute and critical care. This study investigated the perspectives of clinical instructors on these competencies in challenging nursing environments. Ten clinical instructors from the Regional Hospital of Semarang City, Central Java, Indonesia, participated in this study to observe students during their clinical practice in acute and critical care. Qualitative data was collected between May and December 2020. Face-to-face and virtual in-depth interviews lasted 30 to 40 minutes per informant. Data validity was ensured by member verification, which involved participants reviewing the recorded interviews. The nursing competency perspectives were divided into nine themes: (1) addressing biological, psychological, social, and spiritual needs; (2) involving families in patient care; (3) integrating attitudes, morals, and ethics; (4) developing communication skills; (5) working in multidisciplinary teams and complementary therapies; (6) effectively managing emergencies effectively; (7) recognizing and addressing spiritual aspects; (8) developing critical thinking and technology mastery; and (9) improving quality. This study’s findings serve as a valuable reference and guide for refining nursing student competencies in acute and critical care and creating assessment instruments.
Authors: Rahmadi Deddy , Naufal Muhammad Hafizh , Rohman Alvian Nur , Setyaji Fajar Dwi
Published: August 2024

Kompresi Gambar Menggunakan Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) dengan Python adalah teknik yang kuat untuk mereduksi dimensi dan kompresi data. SVD mendekomposisi matriks menjadi tiga matriks terpisah: , dan .  berisi vektor singular kiri,  adalah matriks diagonal yang berisi nilai singular, dan  mewakili vektor singular kanan. Salah satu aplikasi utama dari SVD adalah kompresi gambar. Dengan memilih jumlah nilai singular yang tepat, kita dapat merekonstruksi gambar dengan persyaratan penyimpanan dan transmisi yang berkurang. Dalam penelitian ini, kita memberikan hasil yang melakukan SVD pada gambar rgb dan grayscale, dan juga menganalisis hasil kompresi gambar perkiraan dengan , MSE, , dan cumulative sum.
Analisis Komposisi dan Sebaran Sampah Laut (Makro dan Meso) di Pantai Cemoro Sewu Kabupaten Pemalang
Authors: Aranxa Virly , Prihatiningsih Isnaini , Haryati Ani , Putri Wike Ayu Eka
Published: August 2024

Sampah laut merupakan semua material yang berbentuk padatan, berupa produk dari kegiatan manusia yang berada di wilayah perairan laut dan pantai. Pantai Wisata Cemoro Sewu merupakan destinasi wisata yang terancam pencemaran akibat sampah laut. Timbunan sampah dapat merusak ekosistem perairan dan memiliki dampak buruk bagi kesehatan manusia di sekitarnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2023 yang bertujuan untuk menganalisis distribusi dan komposisi sampah laut. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian Sampah laut merupakan semua material yang berbentuk padatan, berupa produk darikegiatan manusia yang berada di wilayah perairan laut dan pantai. Pantai Cemoro Sewumerupakan destinasi wisata yang terancam pencemaran akibat sampah laut. Timbunansampah dapat merusak ekosistem perairan dan memiliki dampak buruk bagi kesehatanmasyarakat disekitarnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2023 yang betujuanuntuk menganalisis komposisi dan sebaran sampah laut. Metode penelitian yang dilakukanadalah purposive sampling dengan menggunakan transek garis sepanjang 100 m, sertaanalisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif. Komposisi sampah laut yang ditemukan di PantaiWisata Cemoro Sewu terdiri atas jenis plastik, karet, kayu, kain, logam, dan kaca. Plastikmerupakan jenis sampah yang mendominasi pada pantai tersebut. Adapun kepadatantertinggi sampah laut berada di area timur dengan nilai kepadatan sampah makro sebesar3,725 keping/m2 dan meso 2,700 keping/m2. Kepadatan tertinggi sampah laut berdasarkanberat berada pada area barat untuk makro sebesar 8,525 g/m, dan meso di area timursebesar 6,321 g/m2. Kecepatan arus di Pantai Cemoro Sewu adalah 1 m/s yangdikategorikan arus cepat, sehingga arus ini mampu mendistribusikan sampah laut hingga kearea barat pantai.
Penguatan Kapasitas Sumber Daya Manusia melalui Sosialisasi Gerakan Sadar Pariwisata dan Sapta Pesona Desa Sukaharja Kabupaten Bogor
Authors: Erfinda Yosi , Maulana Rifki , Mulkarim Aziz , Damara Aldita , Rossano Rere Putri
Published: August 2024

Sadar wisata adalah bentuk paling dasar yang harus dilakukan masyarakat. Kesadaran diperlukan untuk mendorong masyarakat berperan aktif dalam membangun pariwisata. Demikian juga pemahaman sapta pesona bertujuan untuk menarik kunjungan wisatawan sehingga mereka dapat memiliki pengalaman yang baik Ketika datang ke tujuan wisata tersebut. Upaya peningkatan kesadaran pariwisata dan persona sapta bagi masyarakat di desa Sukaharja sangat diperlukan karena desa ini sedang mengembangkan pariwisata. Tujuan dari pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk memberikan dan menerapkan pengetahuan tentang gerakan sadar wisata dan sapta pesona. Metode yang digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan ini dimulai dengan mengamati kondisi pariwisata Desa Sukaharja diawali dengan analisis SWOT dengan cara penyampaian hasil analisis menggunakan ceramah yang bervariasi. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan secara luring yang terdiri dari penyampaian materi sadar pariwisata dan sapta pesona. Hasil dari sosialisasi ini diharapkan masyarakat dapat memahami dan memiliki kesadaran pariwisata. Kemudian untuk jangka Panjang, kegiatan ini diharapkan dapat membentuk perilaku pelaku dan pengelola pariwisata yang mampu bersaing di Desa Sukaharja
Pendampingan Mengaji Melalui Metode Qiro’ati di Masjid Hasan Rifa’i, Ponorogo
Authors: Retnowati May Shinta , Alatas Muhammad Ali , Mafaz Mafaz , Harist Dinar Naufal
Published: August 2024

Peran Masyarakat dalam Lembaga Pendidikan berbasis keagamaan Islam menjadi tanggung jawab semua pihak, khususnya pondasi awal tentang membaca Al Qur’an. Adanya wadah pendidikan Al Qur’an di Taman Pendidikan Al Qur’an (TPA) desa Bangunrejo , masih belum cukup untuk mengoptimalkan kemampuan membaca Al Qur’an  pada anak-anak di desa Bangunrejo.  Dari hasil observasi di awal bahwa terlihat dari kondisi anak-anak yang kurang berminat untuk belajar mengaji disebabkan belum adanya pengajar pengganti dalam mengajar mereka setiap sore hari di masjid Hasan Rifa’i. maka dari itu, penulis membantu melakukan pengembangan kegiatan belajar mengajar mengaji dengan menggunakan metode Qiro’ati. Sebab banyak dari  mereka belum menguasai tentang cara membaca Al-Qur’an secara baik dan benar Tujuan dari pengabdian kepada Masyarakat melalui kegiatan mengaji di Masjid Hasan Rifa’I   diharapkan untuk membantu anak-anak di desa Bangunrejo yang tidak belajar di TPA ataupun anak-anak yang ada dilingkungan masjid untuk bisa mengaji. Metode pengabdian yang dilakukan adalah pendampingan mengaji menggunakan metode Qiro’ati. Hasil dari pengabdian kepada Masyarakat pelaksanaan terdapat tiga pelaksanaan, yakni tahap awal dimulai dari kehadiran peserta (anak-anak), tahap inti  yang menggunakan metode qiroati secara keseluruhan dan tahap penutup (evaluasi).
CONTRASTE O PRUEBA DE HIPÓTESIS E INTRODUCCIÓN AL ANÁLISIS DE REGRESIÓN LINEAL O AJUSTE DE MÍNIMOS CUADRADOS. NOTAS PARA DOCTORANDOS
Authors:   Universidad  de  Barcelona, ROCA-FERNÁNDEZ C. , MULLOR M.
Published: August 2024

This article aims to show an integrative view of two of the statistical methodologies widely used in different academic and scientific disciplines, sometimes it being able to be complicated to understand, especially at the beginning of the university studies and the research career, it being an article focused on their theoretical understanding and application. The statistical hypothesis testing and the linear regression analysis or least-squares fitting are methodologies that are put into practice at different moments of the development of a university and scientific work,therefore, it is important to understand the bases that support them.
Examination of environmental legislation (related administrative law and some criminal and civil law) and sanctions for illegal waste dumping in the V4+ countries (Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia and Slovenia)
Authors: Uhri László , Nemes Orsolya
Published: August 2024

Illegal dumping of waste is a high-profile environmental problem today. In order to address these challenges, cooperation and information exchange between the Visegrad Group (V4) countries and Slovenia (V4+) is vital. This study, which examines the regulatory mechanisms in the V4+ countries to combat illegal dumping, seeks to understand the environmental practices and legal frameworks related to this issue. The V4+ countries – the Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia and Slovenia – face similar challenges in the area of illegal waste management. The study seeks to highlight the common cultural, historical and legal backgrounds binding these countries together, providing an ideal basis for cooperation and exchange of experiences. The analysis is accompanied by a detailed comparison of the environmental legal frameworks, criminal sanctions and enforcement mechanisms operational within the V4+ countries. Apart from analysing the specificities and strengths of each country, it focuses on the methods that have proved more effective in tackling the illegal waste problem. The document also highlights the importance of strengthening cooperation between the V4+ countries. By exchanging information and sharing best practices, countries in the region can apply tried and tested solutions. The document aims to promote enhanced regional cooperation as a catalyst for sustainable environment and waste management.
Desperate, Determined, Dumped: Fight against illegal waste treatment in the Czech Republic
Authors: Vomáčka Vojtěch
Published: August 2024

This article delves into the Czech Republic’s intricate legal framework and ongoing struggle in combating the pernicious issue of illegal waste dumping. From outlining the most pressing challenges plaguing the nation’s waste management system, emphasising the burgeoning quantity of waste imported from other countries, to dissecting the cornerstone legislative instruments enshrined within the 2020 Waste Act, it describes specific instances of illicit waste management practices, focusing on cross-border waste shipments – a notorious breeding ground for such transgressions. It explores the modus operandi of these perpetrators, the requisite inspection protocols, and pertinent case laws, highlighting the disconcertingly low number of criminal prosecutions stemming from illegal waste dumping. However, a glimmer of hope emerges as the government acknowledges the gravity of the situation and embarks on initiatives to foster enhanced cooperation between administrative and criminal authorities.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA COUNTING BOARD BERBASIS KONTEKSTUAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA KELAS 1 SDN JEGULO 1
Authors: Asma Yulia , Agustin Ina
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk 1) megembangkan media Counting Board berbasis kontekstual, 2) mendeskripsikan tingkat kevalidan,tingkat keefektifan dan tingkat keparktisan media Counting Board berbasis kontekstual. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development) dengan model ADDIE yang memiliki lima tahapan yaitu analisis, perancangan, pengembangan, implementasi, dan evaluasi. Instrumen yang digunkan dalam penelitian ini meliputi observasi,wawancara, angket dan tes. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SDN Jegulo 1 dengan melibatkan siswa kelas 1 yang berjumlah 23 siswa. Teknik analisis data menggunkan perhitungan skor angket, untuk mengetahui tingkat kevalidan media mendapatkan hasil sangat valid dari penilian tiga validator yaitu: validator ahli materi, validator ahli media, dan validator bahasa. Tingkat kepraktisan diperoleh data dari hasil angket respon guru dan respon siswa dengan memperoleh penilaian sangat praktis digunakan. Sedangkan untuk mengetahui tingkat kepraktisan siswa melalui tes siswa berupa pre-test dan post-test dengan hasil 0,75 dihitung menggunakan rumus N-Gain sehingga media Counting Board berbasis kontekstual dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika materi penjumlahan dan pengurangan.
Pengaruh Gender Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Kelas V SD di Kelurahan Baleharjo
Authors: Az Zahra Muhammad Celvin , Isvandiana Purnamasari Mega , Erviana Lina
Published: August 2024

Peneliti ini memiliki tujuan penelitian yaitu untuk mengetahui adakah pengaruh gender terhadap hasil belajar matematika. Jenis penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kuantitatif dengan penelitian ex post facto. Sampel yang akan digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu SDN 1 Baleharjo dan SDN 2 Baleharjo yang diambil dengan jumlah 60 siswa. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui teknik dokumentasi yang berupa data diri siswa untuk mengetahui nama dan gender siswa, serta data nilai untuk mengetahui hasil belajar siswa. Teknik analisis data menggunakan bantuan program SPSS versi 16.0. Hasil analisis data menyimpulkan bahwa: tidak ada perbedaan hasil belajar matematika antara siswa laki-laki dengan siswa perempuan. Hal tersebut terbukti dari hasil sig a (0,581>0,05) yang berarti tidak ada perbedaan hasil belajar antara siswa laki-laki dan perempuan.
Normativity of Consumer Protection in the Perspective of Maqāṣid Sharīʿah
Authors: Mailiena Cristine , Tanzilulloh M Ilham
Published: August 2024

Personal data security is the right of every person to protect their personal data confidentially. This research discusses regulations for consumer protection, personal data protection, and their implementation from the perspective of the maqāṣid sharīʿah. The aim of this research is to determine the extent to which laws related to consumer data protection have been implemented to prevent leaks in the personal data of WhatsApp application users. This study used a qualitative approach with normative empirical research methods. Normative research examines Law No. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection and Law No. 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection, while empirical research examines the implementation of these regulations. Researchers draw the conclusion that regulations related to the protection of consumers' personal data and their implementation fall within the concept of maqāṣid sharīʿah, especially the basic principle of maintaining one's honor (ḥifẓ al-ʿirḍ) because these regulations were made to protect one's privacy.
Predicting Generalization of AI Colonoscopy Models to Unseen Data
Authors: Shor Joel , McNeil Carson , Intrator Yotam , Ledsam Joseph , Yamano Hiro-o , Tsurumaru Daisuke , Kayama Hiroki , Hamabe Atsushi , Ando Koji , Ota Mitsuhiko , Ogino Haruei , Nakase Hiroshi , Kobayashi Kaho , Miyo Masaaki , Oki Eiji , Takemasa Ichiro , Rivlin Ehud , Goldenberg Roman
Published: August 2024

Generalizability of AI colonoscopy algorithms is important for wider adoption in clinical practice. However, current techniques for evaluating performance on unseen data require expensive and time-intensive labels. We show that a "Masked Siamese Network" (MSN), trained to predict masked out regions of polyp images without labels, can predict the performance of Computer Aided Detection (CADe) of polyps on colonoscopies, without labels. This holds true on Japanese colonoscopies even when MSN is only trained on Israeli colonoscopies, which differ in scoping hardware, endoscope software, screening guidelines, bowel preparation, patient demographics, and the use of techniques such as narrow-band imaging (NBI) and chromoendoscopy (CE). Since our technique uses neither colonoscopy-specific information nor labels, it has the potential to apply to more medical imaging domains.
Mechanism of human ⍺3β GlyR modulation in inflammatory pain and 2, 6-DTBP interaction
Authors: Wang Weiwei , Liu Xiaofen
Published: August 2024

α3β glycine receptor (GlyR) is a subtype of the GlyRs that belongs to the Cys-loop receptor superfamily. It is a target for non-psychoactive pain control drug development due to its high expression in the spinal dorsal horn and indispensable roles in pain sensation. α3β GlyR activity is inhibited by a phosphorylation in the large internal M3/M4 loop of α3 through the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) pathway, which can be reverted by a small molecule analgesic, 2, 6-DTBP. However, the mechanism of regulation by phosphorylation or 2, 6-DTBP is unknown. Here we show M3/M4 loop compaction through phosphorylation and 2, 6-DTBP binding, which in turn changes the local environment and rearranges ion conduction pore conformation to modulate α3β GlyR activity. We resolved glycine-bound structures of α3β GlyR with and without phosphorylation, as well as in the presence of 2, 6-DTBP and found no change in functional states upon phosphorylation, but transition to an asymmetric super open pore by 2, 6-DTBP binding. Single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) experiment shows compaction of M3/M4 loop towards the pore upon phosphorylation, and further compaction by 2, 6-DTBP. Our results reveal a localized interaction model where M3/M4 loop modulate GlyR function through physical proximation. This regulation mechanism should inform on pain medication development targeting GlyRs. Our strategy allowed investigation of how post-translational modification of an unstructured loop modulate channel conduction, which we anticipate will be applicable to intrinsically disordered loops ubiquitously found in ion channels.
Phytochemical screening of Cocos nucifera And Vernonia amygdalina extract and antibiogram of the mixture (Cocos Nucifera + Vernonia Amygdalina) on Salmonella typhi and Streptococcus pyogenes
Authors: Matthew Emmanuel Oluwatimileyin , Ozigi Ibrahim Abdulkarim , Uthman Abdulgafar Ishola , ADEYELE ADEYERI DAVID
Published: August 2024

Background:Nigeria, a significant player in the global economy, has a rich agricultural heritage that includes diverse crops with potential medicinal properties. Among these, coconut (Cocos nucifera) and bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) are notable for their traditional medicinal uses. This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition and antibacterial efficacy of extracts from these plants, individually and in combination, against Salmonella typhi and Streptococcus pyogenes, addressing the need for alternative antibacterial therapies in the face of rising antibiotic resistance.
Methods: Bitter leaf and coconut were sourced from Bakindogo market, Kaduna, and authenticated by a botanist. Extracts were prepared and subjected to phytochemical screening using standard methods. Antibacterial activity was evaluated through agar disk diffusion to measure zones of inhibition at different extract concentrations. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined for both Salmonella typhi and Streptococcus pyogenes.Top of FormBottom of Form
Results:Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, and carbohydrates in both extracts, with anthraquinones present only in Vernonia amygdalina. The extracts showed significant antibacterial activity, particularly the mixture of Vernonia amygdalina and Cocos nucifera water. The mixture exhibited higher efficacy against Salmonella typhi, with zones of inhibition ranging from 9.5 mm to 17 mm, compared to Streptococcus pyogenes, which showed inhibition zones from 9.0 mm to 13 mm. The MIC for Salmonella typhi was 25 mg/mL, with an MBC of 100 mg/mL, indicating bactericidal properties at higher concentrations. Streptococcus pyogenes showed an MIC of 100mg/ml, but the MBC was not applicable, suggesting bacteriostatic effects.
Conclusions:The study confirms the significant antibacterial potential of Vernonia amygdalina and Cocos nucifera water extracts, particularly against Salmonella typhi. These findings support their traditional use and highlight their potential as alternative antibacterial agents. Further research and pharmaceutical exploration are recommended to fully harness these plants' medicinal properties, particularly for developing new treatments for bacterial infections.
Optimizing High rise Building form for energy performance using Generative Design Framework
Authors: Megahed Nourhan , Ismail Rania F.
Published: August 2024

Knowing the significant impact of high-rise building form on solar heat gain, this paper proposes a generative design framework for finding the form achieving less solar heat gain in hot arid zone without detracting the functionality and aesthetic aspect. Among numerous design possibilities based on specific criteria, Generative design utilizing algorithms and optimization techniques can explore numerous design possibilities based on specific criteria. In this application, the goal is to identify building forms that reduce solar exposure while balancing functional and aesthetic needs. To achieve the work objective, Multi objective optimization (MOO) techniques like the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) were used. The design parameters such as, orientation, plan shape, …etc will be inputs into generative design algorithms that will iteratively create and evaluate various design options to obtain the best possible design outcomes. The performance of each option will be verified using Solar exposure analysis, including sun path, shading, and energy simulation whilst the proposed design optimization focuses on two parameters, ie window-to-wall ratio (WWR), and energy use intensity (EUI). This paper illustrates how design of high-rise buildings can prioritize human well-being and environmental responsibility in addition to being landmarks.
Comparison of a rule-based algorithm and manual annotation for retrospective determination of ARDS onset in time-series data
Authors: Fonck Simon , Fritsch Sebastian , Yurgandzhieva Ana , Koczera Patrick , Kowalewski Stefan , Stollenwerk André
Published: August 2024

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a serious conditionthat occurs in around 10 % of mechanically ventilated patients in intensivecare units. Delayed or even missing diagnosis contributes to the reasons for thevery high mortality rate of up to 40 %. To address this shortcoming, Artificial Intelligence(AI) methods for the prediction and classification of ARDS have beenproposed in literature. For the training of certain AI models, it is necessary todetermine an onset of ARDS in the data to use associated data points as trainingor test data. This is particularly important for secondary databases, which oftendo not come with respective documentation.
Methods: In this study, the ARDS onset time of 200 patients from 4 differentdatabases was determined by two intensive care physicians and by a rule-basedalgorithm whose rules are based on the criteria of the Berlin Definition, which is considered the standard for ARDS diagnosis. For manual annotation, a customweb tool was used to visualize the selected patient data. Finally, the results ofthe automatic and manual onset determination for ARDS are compared usingstatistical means.
Results: Depending on the configuration, the automatic onset of the rule-basedalgorithm matches the manual onsets in 71.50 % - 86.36 % of the cases. Overall,it was shown that the respective results of the two methods are close to eachother on average.
Conclusions: In our analysis, we were able to show that a rule-based algorithmwith a temporal component can be used to determine an ARDS onset in timeseriesdata with sound accuracy in comparison with the manual onset created bytwo physicians. In summary, it was shown that it is reasonable to generate theonset automatically to make big databases accessible for the development of AImodels in the context of ARDS.
Carbon uptake of an urban green space inferred from carbonyl sulfide fluxes
Authors: Soininen Jesse , Kohonen Kukka-Maaria , Rantala Pekka , Kulmala Liisa , Aaltonen Hermanni , Järvi Leena
Published: August 2024

With several cities worldwide pursuing carbon neutrality in the upcoming decades, there is an increasing interest in quantifying cities’ anthropogenic carbon emissions using atmospheric observations. The challenge with both in-situ and remote sensing methods is however that the observations include both anthropogenic and biogenic signals. To reduce uncertainties in anthropogenic emission estimations, it is critical to partition biogenic fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the observed data. In this study, we for the first time examine the suitability of carbonyl sulfide (COS), a proxy for photosynthesis, on partitioning biogenic CO2 uptake from the ecosystem exchange measured with the eddy covariance (EC) technique over an urban area in Helsinki, Finland. The urban vegetation acts as a clear sink for COS whereas anthropogenic processes show minimal COS emissions within the source area of the measured net carbon flux. We show that two different COS flux based methods are able to produce the dynamics of photosynthesis by an independent light-response curve based estimation. Together with commonly used soil and vegetation respiration proxy, we removed biogenic signals from the urban net CO2 exchange and demonstrated that together with CO2 fluxes, COS flux can successfully be used to get realistic estimations of anthropogenic carbon emissions using the EC method.
CRISPR-Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of the flowering repressor gene VcCENTRORADIALIS (VcCEN) induces early flowering in tetraploid highbush blueberry
Authors: Omori Masafumi , Yamane Hisayo , Osakabe Keishi , Osakabe Yuriko , Tao Ryutaro
Published: August 2024

Flowering marks the vegetative-to-reproductive growth transition and is the most important event in the plant life cycle. Unlike annual plants, perennial fruit trees flower and set fruits only after an extended juvenile phase (i.e., several years), which is an impediment to efficient breeding and gene function analyses. In this study, we generated an early flowering blueberry line via the CRISPR-Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of VcCENTRORADIALIS (VcCEN). The expression of VcCEN in the apical bud was negatively correlated with flower bud formation. Moreover, in the cultivar that flowers in both autumn and spring, the VcCEN expression level was lower and decreased earlier than in the normal cultivar that flowers in only spring. The expression data suggested that VcCEN functions as a flowering repressor. The CRISPR-Cas9 vector harboring a gRNA targeting VcCENwas introduced into the blueberry genome via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Mutations (e.g., 1–10 bp indels) were detected in the stable transformants, with all VcCEN alleles of the tetraploid genome mutated in some lines. Compared with the wild-type (WT), the cen mutants exhibited repressed vegetative growth. Additionally, in the mutants, first flowering occurred within 1 year after the Agrobacterium infection, which was approximately 1–2 years earlier than in WT. The mutants set a single terminal flower without entering dormancy, whereas WT produced an apical flower and multiple axillary flowers that bloomed after an exposure to chilling conditions and then warm temperatures. This early flowering trait is conducive to efficient breeding and gene functional analyses, especially in fruit crops with a long juvenile phase.
Risk prediction of Metabolic and Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases in Myeloid Leukaemia: A meta-analysis
Authors: Brhanie Tsegahun Worku , Brhanie Belayneh Worku
Published: August 2024

Background: In persons with leukemia, cardiovascular diseases are a major source of morbidity and mortality. Since metabolic abnormalities are cardiovascular risk factors, they are also related to cardiovascular problems in leukemic patients. Methods: Utilizing research from the databases of Mendeley, Google Scholar, and PubMed from October 6–October 25, 2021. "Acute myeloid leukemia" or "chronic myeloid leukemia" "polycythemia Vera" or "Essential thrombocythemia" or "myelofibrosis" or "myelodysplastic syndrome" as well as "metabolic" or "cardiovascular" or "cerebrovascular disorders" are search terms. The analysis includes 12 papers totaling 4550 CML cases that met the inclusion criteria. We utilized a random effect model to calculate each study's odd ratio, relative risk, and risk difference with a 95% confidence interval. The publication bias and heterogeneity were examined using a funnel plot and an I test.
On-chip graphene photodetectors with a nonvolatile p−i−n homojunction
Authors: Gan Xuetao , Tian Ruijuan , Ji Yingke , Li Chen , Zhang Yong , Wu Xianghu , Wang Jianguo , Jia Shuaiwei , Liu Liang , Zhang Mingwen , Zhang Yu , Zhang Qiao , Xie Zhuang , Gao Duorui , Liu Yan , Zhao Jianlin , Sun Zhipei
Published: August 2024

Graphene’s unique photothermoelectric (PTE) effect, combined with its compatibility for on-chip fabrication, promises its development in chip-integrated photodetectors with ultralow dark-current and ultrafast speed. Previous designs of on-chip graphene photodetectors required external electrical biases or gate voltages to separate photocarriers, leading to increased power consumption and complex circuitry. Here, we demonstrate a nonvolatile graphene p − i−n homojunction constructed on a silicon photonic crystal waveguide, which facilitates PTE-based photodetection without the need for electrical bias or gate voltages. By designing an air-slotted photonic crystal waveguide as two individual silicon back gates and employing ferroelectric dielectrics with remnant polarization fields, the nonvolatile p–i–n homojunction with a clear gradient of Seebeck coefficient is electrically configured. Hot-carriers in the graphene channel generated from the absorption of waveguide evanescent field are separated by the nonvolatile p–i–n homojunction effectively to yield considerable photocurrents. With zero-bias and zero-gate voltage, the nonvolatile graphene p–i–n homojunction photodetector integrated on the optical waveguide exhibits high and flat responsivity of 193 mA/W over the broadband wavelength range of 1560–1630 nm and an ultrafast dynamics bandwidth of 17 GHz measured in the limits of our instruments. With the high-performance on-chip photodetection, the nonvolatile graphene homojunction directly constructed on silicon photonic circuits promises the extended on-chip functions of optoelectronic synapse, in-memory sensing and computing, and neuromorphic computing.
Global warming effects of cropland expansion by reduction of biogenic secondary organic aerosols
Authors: Fu Pingqing , Zhu Jialei , Penner Joyce , Hong Chaopeng , Liu Hao , Zhao Xi , Deng Junjun , Liu Cong-Qiang , Zhang Qiang
Published: August 2024

Cropland expansion has been the most significant global land use change since industrialization. However, assessments of radiative forcing from land use change have overlooked the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) radiative effects of cropland expansion. Sensitivity experiments using an Earth system model with cutting-edge SOA processes reveal a ~10% decrease in biogenic SOA burden due to cropland expansion since industrialization, weakening SOA's scattering effect on radiation and cloud formation, resulting in a 146 mW m-2 decline in its cooling effect, equivalent to 8% of CO2-induced warming since industrialization. This effect is projected to increase by approximately half under future climate warming and reduced emissions. Policies addressing food security and climate change should account for the radiative impact of biogenic SOA from cropland expansion.
Machine Learning Approaches for Fall Detection Using Integrated Data from Multi-Brand Sensors
Authors: BUZPINAR Mehmet Akif
Published: August 2024

Falls are a major health concern across all age groups, leading to severe injuries and even death. Wearable sensor-based fall detection systems using accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometers (inertial measurement units, IMUs) have emerged as a promising solution. Existing research primarily utilizes data from a single brand of IMU. This study addresses this limitation by proposing a multi-sensor data fusion approach for enhanced fall detection accuracy with Machine Learning. We present a novel approach that combines data from two different commercially available IMUs: Motion Trackers Wireless (MTW) and a custom-designed Activity Tracking Device (ATD). A hybrid dataset encompassing data from 44 volunteers was created, capturing both fall and daily activity information from sensors positioned on the waist. The data was organized in a time-series format to capture the sequential nature of fall events. Ten machine learning (ML) classifiers were trained and evaluated on unseen data using a data splitting method. The Extra Trees algorithm achieved the best performance on the hybrid dataset, with an accuracy of 99.54%, precision of 99.18%, recall of 99.79%, and F-score of 99.49%. This demonstrates the effectiveness of multi-sensor data fusion in creating a highly accurate fall detection system with minimal false alarms, utilizing data from various IMU brands. This study highlights the potential of combining data from different sensors to improve fall detection accuracy, paving the way for more robust and brand-agnostic fall detection systems with time series and ML based approach.
Multi-Level Defense Strategy for Vertical Federated Learning Against Label Inference Attacks
Authors: Wang Linlong , Xu Chungen , Zhang Pan , Liu Yiting
Published: August 2024

Vertical federated learning (VFL) is increasingly recognized as an indispensable paradigm. Especially in the medical field, where the protection of data privacy plays an indispensable role. In the healthcare domain, adherence to stringent regulatory frameworks such as GDPR and HIPAA is indispensable. VFL facilitates a collaborative approach among institutions, enabling the prediction of disease risks without collecting sensitive patient data. However, VFL remains susceptible to label inference attacks, wherein malicious entities may extrapolate personal data from the exchanged intermediate results. To address the above challenge, we propose a strategic mechanism known as the balanced noise
injection strategy (BNIS). This strategy is designed to meticulously regulate the introduction of noise, achieving a trade-off between privacy preservation and model accuracy.

Moreover, to bolster our framework, we propose the multi-loss defense strategy (MLDS), an innovative defense explicitly engineered to withstand direct label inference attacks with resilience. Extensive evaluations on four benchmark datasets demonstrate that our approach defenses against passive attacks and yields a significant improvement in accuracy compared to the prevailing FL similar gradient (FLSG) benchmark. Furthermore, MLDS concurrently addresses breaches in label inference and greatly enhances the precision of the model.
Translational Insights for the Development of Electromagnetic Devices for Rehabilitation and Palliative Medicine: An Analytical Hierarchy Process Contribution
Authors: Gaspary João Francisco Pollo , Gaspary Fernanda Peron , Beltrame Rafael Concatto , Ruiz-Padillo Alejandro , Simão Eder Maiquel , Lopes Luis Felipe Dias , Rosa Carmen Brum , Siluk Julio Cezar Mairesse
Published: August 2024

In the face of ongoing scientific debates over biomedical electromagnetic devices like TENS, TMS, tDCS, and PEMF, this study leverages the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to establish a ranking system that aids in the selection process for clinical research purposes. By adopting a structured Work Package Methodology, our interdisciplinary team dissected the research into six distinct phases, ranging from management and supervision to the development of guiding principles and the application of AHP for device evaluation. This approach led to the identification of nine critical selection criteria, including the minimization of external electromagnetic influences, device multifunctionality, cost-effectiveness, and the ability to induce relaxation and well-being in users. Notably, our analysis revealed that a hypothetical 'NEW' device outperformed existing technologies, suggesting a significant opportunity for innovation in this space. The findings advocate for enhanced translational research to bridge the theoretical and practical applications of electromagnetic technology in medicine. We propose that future endeavors should focus on creating new electromagnetic devices that align with the identified criteria, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of clinical research in the field of biomedical electromagnetics.
Alvimopan for Postoperative Ileus following Abdominal Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kayyale Ahmed Ali , Ghani Salman , Olaniyan Oluwatito
Published: August 2024

Background
Postoperative ileus (POI) is a frequent complication of abdominal surgeries, prolonging hospital stays and increasing the risk of complications, leading to poorer patient outcomes. Alvimopan, a peripherally acting µ opioid antagonist, helps restore normal bowel function post-surgery. Although clinical trials have shown its benefits, definitive guidelines for its use are lacking, leading to its underutilisation in clinical practice.
Objective
This review evaluates the efficacy and safety of Alvimopan in reducing the risk of POI and shortening hospital stays for patients undergoing abdominal surgeries.
Methods
A comprehensive search of PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library was conducted. Studies were included based on the PICO framework, focusing on Alvimopan's impact on postoperative gastrointestinal recovery. Primary outcomes were time to gastrointestinal function recovery (GI-3) and hospital stay duration.
Results
Ten studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing 18,822 patients undergoing various abdominal surgeries. Administration of Alvimopan 6 mg accelerated gastrointestinal function recovery by an average of 14 hours (Hazard ratio: 1.62, p = 0.002) and reduced hospital stays by 5.2 hours (Hazard ratio: 1.52, p = 0.04) compared to placebo. Similarly, Alvimopan 12 mg reduced GI-3 recovery time by 13.5 hours (Hazard ratio: 1.58, p = 0.02) and hospital stay duration by 6.2 hours (Hazard ratio: 1.46, p = 0.018).
Conclusion
Alvimopan shows promise in reducing POI and hospital stay durations following abdominal surgeries. Incorporating Alvimopan into perioperative care protocols could improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare costs. Further research is needed to evaluate its effects on laparoscopic and other surgical procedures.
Revealing permafrost continuity across a northern watershed with airborne electromagnetics
Authors: Conway-White Oliver , Steelman Colby , Smiarowski Adam , Rudolph David
Published: August 2024

Accelerated permafrost thawing in warming northern climates may alter groundwater-surface water dynamics, thereby impacting hydrologic and ecologic functions, and the potential release of stored carbon species as greenhouse gases. Such rapid changes to the hydrologic system will present unique challenges for many northern communities including changes in land surface features, water fluxes and quality, and wildlife habitat. Here, we present the results of an airborne frequency-domain electromagnetic survey conducted over a discontinuous permafrost region within the Central Mackenzie Valley in Northwest Territories, Canada. Electrical resistivity measurements within the upper 100 metres were gathered across a geologically complex environment where permafrost variability is hypothesized to be impacting the groundwater-surface water system. A comparison of permafrost observations from boreholes with resistivity measurements allowed delineation of frozen conditions in shallow surficial sediments and underlying bedrock. Observed vertical and lateral variability in permafrost extent around lakes and streams indicates direct connectivity between surface water, overburden, and bedrock stratigraphic units. Conversely, extensive permafrost along and below the expansive Mackenzie River reveal relatively continuous permafrost occurrence limiting interaction with deeper groundwater. High-resolution investigations of permafrost dynamics will be critical in understanding the effects of its rapid degradation due to warming climatic conditions within northern landscapes.
Impact of Porcine Enzootic Pneumonia and Pleuropneumonia lesions on Carcass Weight and Meatiness: Quantitative Insights from a Mixed-Model Analysis
Authors: Przyborowska Paulina , Lewko-Wojtowicz Renata , Cybulski Piotr , Dominiek Maes , Tobolski Dawid
Published: August 2024

Background
Porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) significantly impacts the global pig industry, causing substantial economic losses. This study aimed to quantify the effects of cranio-ventral pulmonary consolidation (CVPC) and pleurisy on carcass weight and meatiness in finishing pigs. We employed a mixed-model analysis to assess lung lesions at slaughter and their correlation with production parameters across seven pig farms.
Results
The mean prevalence of lesions was 23.8% for CVPC and 15.4% for pleurisy. Pigs with severe lung lesions (> 15.1%) showed significantly lower ADCWG compared to those without lesions (0.951 vs. 0.997 kg/day, p = 0.024). The mixed-effects model revealed that lesions in the right apical lobe and dorso-caudal pleurisy were associated with significant reductions in carcass weight (-2.77 kg and − 2.29 kg, respectively) and carcass meat (-1.76 kg and − 1.43 kg, respectively). An economic analysis under average market price conditions demonstrated that severe lung lesions could lead to losses of up to 11.53 EUR per affected pig.
Conclusions
This study provides quantitative evidence of the negative impact of CVPC and pleurisy on carcass weight and meatiness in finishing pigs. The findings underscore the importance of effective respiratory disease management in swine production, highlighting potential areas for targeted interventions to improve animal health and economic outcomes.