bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Content and face validity in virtual reality with children: a validation in five steps+1 of a wheelchair basketball game
Authors: Ceberio Imanol , Al-Rashaida Mohammad , García Maitane , Lopez Paz Juan Francisco , Salgueiro Monika , Passi Nicole , Pavel Humberto , Amayra Imanol
Published: January 2025

Objective

The present study is aimed to elaborate and determinate the content and face validity of a virtual reality program attending the perspective of children. This simulation is designed to promote empathy and understanding towards children with motor disabilities through adapted sport scenes. This study proposed a validation approach with six phases to assess technical and aesthetic aspects.

Method

Sample: a) Content validity study, 20 children (11–18 years old) were recruited as lay and content experts, who assessed the properties of grade of realism and physical fidelity of wheelchair basketball scenarios. b) Face validity study, 395 children were recruited as lay experts and divided into two groups (7–9 years old and 10–12 years old), or into ten subgroups according to Age × Gender interaction. The face validity sample assessed the psychological fidelity and the presence of wheelchair basketball scenarios. Instruments: Virtual Reality Content Validity Questionnaire, GAMEX questionnaire and Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ).

Results

The content validity study showed preference for technical aspects (music, colors and degree of realism). Therefore, modifications in the design were made. In the content validity study, the high agreement level was influenced by previous sport experiences. In the face validity study, the cognitive development of children determined the differences in agreement levels in some virtual properties (absorption and cybersickness). In this sixth step, the ages 7–8 years versus 10–11 years showed significant differences in validity. The study also criticized the face validity cut-offs often used in adult-focused research, emphasizing the need to adapt them for children´s developmental stages.

Conclusion

This study proposes a sixth step not traditionally included in content and face validity processes, specially focusing on the child user. The suitability of content and scenes should follow the same principles of standardization as other methodologies, such as psychometric tests, considering age and gender.
Deurbanizing for conservation and adapting: framing ecological restoration as a nature-based solution in La Pletera salt marsh, Catalonia (Spain)
Authors: Pereira Lindoso Diego , Boix Dani , Ribas Anna , Bou Jordi , Quintana Xavier D.
Published: January 2025

Tackling climate change and biodiversity loss are two of the great global challenges of the 21st century. The nature-based solutions (NbS) approach creates an opportunity to meet efforts on the two agendas while producing other co-benefits beyond climate resilience and biodiversity conservation. This opportunity becomes even more relevant in areas with both high climate vulnerability and special interest for conservation. Coastal wetlands in the Mediterranean basin are under severe threat from urban sprawl, mass tourism and climate change. Coastal lagoons, dune systems and halophilic ecosystems are considered as priority habitats of community interest for conservation by the European Habitats Directive. In the Catalan coast, these ecosystems are fragmented and isolated, and ecological protection and restoration efforts are essential. In this context, the present work analyzes the case of de-urbanization and ecological restoration of La Pletera salt marsh by the Life Pletera project (2014–2018), interpreting it within an NbS approach and assessing its effectiveness as a strategy for climate adaptation and biodiversity conservation. The analysis brings insights for the effectiveness assessment of the project during the first years after implementation, gathers elements on the factors and constraints that made its implementation possible and reflects on future challenges so that its effectiveness is lasting in the medium and long term.
Identifying strokes in Nigerian children with sickle cell disease as part of clinical trials: training curriculum for healthcare professionals in low-income settings
Authors: Ghafuri Djamila L. , Bello-Manga Halima , Kirkham Fenella J. , Ciobanu Mariana , Trevathan Edwin , Rodeghier Mark , DeBaun Michael R. , Jordan Lori C.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Nigeria has the highest proportion of children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) globally; without transcranial Doppler screening and ongoing treatment (regular blood transfusions or hydroxyurea therapy), 10% will have a stroke in childhood. In low-resource settings, training to recognize and prevent strokes in children with SCA is vital. A sustainable Sickle Cell Disease Stroke Prevention Teams program was established, as part of clinical trials, to address the need for stroke care in northern Nigeria. We describe our health professional stroke training curriculum and specific application to detect strokes in clinical trials in low-resource settings.

Methods

Children aged 5–12 and 2–16 years with SCA in northern Nigeria were enrolled in the SPRING and SPRINT primary and secondary stroke prevention trials, respectively. The primary outcome measure in both trials was a clinical stroke based on the World Health Organization definition. Non-neurologist physicians were trained in-person and via video lectures regarding stroke recognition, performing neurological examinations using the adapted Pediatric NIH Stroke Scale, and acute stroke care. Central stroke adjudicators, two pediatric neurologists, reviewed the case report forms and recorded videos of the neurological examinations.

Results

Six physicians completed the curriculum at three sites and were certified to detect strokes. Of 20 children with suspected stroke, 8 and 11 children had acute initial or acute recurrent strokes confirmed in the SPRING (N = 220) and SPRINT (N = 101) trials, respectively. The concordance rate between local stroke diagnoses and the central stroke adjudication process was 95% (19 of 20). One child presented with non-specific symptoms and hypertonia and was mislabeled locally as an acute stroke.

Discussion

A curriculum to train healthcare providers in pediatric acute stroke recognition and care in a low-resource setting is feasible and sustainable. We successfully identified strategies for task shifting from a single pediatric neurologist in the region to multiple non-neurologist physicians.
MRI to digital medicine diagnosis: integrating deep learning into clinical decision-making for lumbar degenerative diseases
Authors: Ke Baoyi , Ma Wenyu , Xuan Junbo , Liang Yinghao , Zhou Liguang , Jiang Wenyong , Lin Jing , Li Guixiang
Published: January 2025

Introduction

To develop an intelligent system based on artificial intelligence (AI) deep learning algorithms using deep learning tools, aiming to assist in the diagnosis of lumbar degenerative diseases by identifying lumbar spine magnetic resonance images (MRI) and improve the clinical efficiency of physicians.

Methods

The PP-YOLOv2 algorithm, a deep learning technique, was used to design a deep learning program capable of automatically identifying the spinal diseases (lumbar disc herniation or lumbar spondylolisthesis) based on the lumbar spine MR images. A retrospective analysis was conducted on lumbar spine MR images of patients who visited our hospital from January 2017 to January 2022. The collected images were divided into a training set and a testing set. The training set images were used to establish and validate the deep learning program's algorithm. The testing set images were annotated, and the experimental results were recorded by three spinal specialists. The training set images were also validated using the deep learning program, and the experimental results were recorded. Finally, a comparison of the accuracy of the deep learning algorithm and that of spinal surgeons was performed to determine the clinical usability of deep learning technology based on the PP-YOLOv2 algorithm. A total of 654 patients were included in the final study, with 604 cases in the training set and 50 cases in the testing set.

Results

The mean average precision (mAP) value of the deep learning algorithm reached 90.08% based on the PP-YOLOv2 algorithm. Through classification of the testing set, the deep learning algorithm showed higher sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in diagnosing lumbar spine MR images compared to manual identification. Additionally, the testing time of the deep learning program was significantly shorter than that of manual identification, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Deep learning technology based on the PP-YOLOv2 algorithm can be used to identify normal intervertebral discs, lumbar disc herniation, and lumbar spondylolisthesis from lumbar MRI images. Its diagnostic performance is significantly higher than that of most spinal surgeons and can be practically applied in clinical settings.
An update on oral manifestations of systemic disorders in dogs and cats
Authors: Dosenberry Claire , Arzi Boaz , Palm Carrie , Vapniarsky Natalia , Soltero-Rivera Maria
Published: January 2025

Oral lesions are common in dogs and cats, and determining the underlying etiology of these lesions can be challenging. A wide range of systemic ailments may lead to lesions in the oral cavity, including immune-mediated diseases, adverse drug reactions, viral and bacterial infections, and metabolic and autoimmune diseases. A complete history and thorough physical examination (including a fundic examination) should be obtained in affected patients. It is critical to perform a detailed oral examination, which in some patients may need to be performed under sedation or general anesthesia. Tailored diagnostic plans and a multidisciplinary approach are necessary to fully characterize co-morbid disorders in affected patients. This narrative review aims to aid veterinarians in recognizing oral manifestations of systemic disorders based on the most recent reports and available research.
Status analysis of quality control of administered infusion solution with cytotoxic drugs
Authors: Wang Shan , Zhang Feng-Ying , Dou Xue , Pan Xiao-Lin , Su Chen , Tian Jin-Lei , Mu Dian-Ping
Published: January 2025

The administered infusion solution is a sterile preparation that can be used directly for intravenous infusion in patients by mixing one or more intravenous drugs using aseptic operation technology. The pharmacy intravenous admixture service (PIVAS) center is a professional technical service department in hospitals, where the majority of inpatient-administered infusion solutions are prepared. During the processes of dissolution, dilution, preparation, storage, and use of intravenous drugs, the quality control of the administered infusion solution can be affected by various factors. At present, there are no relevant standards or guidance documents for the quality control of administered infusion solutions. Cytotoxic drugs are still the main treatment option for cancer patients and are mainly prepared in PIVAS centers in most hospitals. In this study, we mainly focused on the quality control of cytotoxic drug-administered infusion solutions and explored associated factors (diluent, container, concentration, temperature, and light), physical stability (visual appearance, pH, osmolality, and particulate matter), chemical stability (content), and biological stability (sterility). Most of the studies reviewed in this paper have insufficient data on the related factors and physicochemical stability of the administered infusion solutions. Research on the sterility of administered infusion solutions is particularly limited, with only one article addressing this aspect. Ensuring the quality of cytotoxic drug-administered infusion solutions is vital for the safe administration of drugs to cancer patients, so it is very important to enhance associated research. This article summarized the relevant literature on the quality control of cytotoxic drug-administered infusion solutions and provided a reference for safer and more efficient use of these drugs in clinical practice.
Expanding the Scope of Microvascular Inflammation: Unveiling Its Presence Beyond Antibody-Mediated Rejection Into T-Cell Mediated Contexts
Authors: Varol Hilal , Wagenmakers Anne , Hoeft Konrad , Callemeyn Jasper , Bodewes Roos , Bramer Wichor , Stubbs Andrew , Kramann Rafael , Naesens Maarten , Clahsen-Van Groningen Marian C.
Published: January 2025

Microvascular inflammation (MVI) in kidney transplant biopsies is mainly associated with antibody-mediated rejection (AMR), sparking debate within the Banff Classification of Renal Allograft Pathology regarding its exclusivity. This study reviewed the literature on MVI in T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) and analyzed MVI in our transplant population. We searched English publications in MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Google Scholar until June 2024, focusing on glomerulitis (g), peritubular capillaritis (ptc), or MVI in kidney transplant biopsies classified as TCMR. Additionally, we examined g, ptc, and MVI in 69 patients with AMR, TCMR, and no rejection. Our search yielded 541 citations, with 10 studies included, covering 810 TCMR and 156 AMR biopsies. The studies showed g, ptc, and MVI were present in TCMR but were less prevalent and severe than in AMR. In our cohort, AMR had significantly higher g, ptc, and MVI scores compared to aTCMR and ATN, however, aTCMR also displayed MVI. These findings confirm that MVI occurs in aTCMR and should not be exclusively linked to AMR. These findings highlight the need to further explore MVI’s significance in TCMR and investigate the inflammatory composition. This could refine the Banff Classification, improving Classification accuracy of kidney transplant pathology assessments.
Influence of Quercetin and tt-Farnesol Enrichment on Physicochemical Properties of a Universal Adhesive System
Authors: Mendes Roberta Janaína Soares , Puppin-Rontani Regina Maria , de Castilho Aline Rogéria Freire
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the impact of natural compound enrichment, specifically quercetin and trans, trans-farnesol (tt-farnesol), on the physicochemical properties of a universal adhesive system. A preliminary DPPH assay was conducted to determine the optimal concentrations of quercetin (0.24 mg/mL) and tt-farnesol (1.43 mg/mL) based on their radical scavenging abilities. These compounds were then incorporated into the adhesive system. Specimens (n = 5; 7 mm × 1 mm) of the adhesive system, both with and without the added compounds, were prepared and tested for water sorption, solubility, Knoop hardness, and softening percentage. Water sorption and solubility were measured after immersion in deionized water for 7 days, and Knoop hardness was measured before and after immersion in 75% ethanol. Softening percentage was calculated based on changes in hardness. Data on water sorption, solubility, and percentage of softening were submitted to the Student’s t-test (α = 5%) while Knoop hardness values were submitted to the Mann–Whitney test (α = 5%). Both quercetin and tt-farnesol exhibited important antioxidant activity (85.5% and 82%, respectively). Water sorption was similar for both groups (p > 0.05) but the experimental adhesive had a significantly higher solubility, lower hardness, and higher softening. The incorporation of quercetin and tt-farnesol into a universal adhesive system detrimentally affects its essential physicochemical properties, compromising its performance.
Livestock Biometrics Identification Using Computer Vision Approaches: A Review
Authors: Meng Hua , Zhang Lina , Yang Fan , Hai Lan , Wei Yuxing , Zhu Lin , Zhang Jue
Published: January 2025

In the domain of animal management, the technology for individual livestock identification is in a state of continuous evolution, encompassing objectives such as precise tracking of animal activities, optimization of vaccination procedures, effective disease control, accurate recording of individual growth, and prevention of theft and fraud. These advancements are pivotal to the efficient and sustainable development of the livestock industry. Recently, visual livestock biometrics have emerged as a highly promising research focus due to their non-invasive nature. This paper aims to comprehensively survey the techniques for individual livestock identification based on computer vision methods. It begins by elucidating the uniqueness of the primary biometric features of livestock, such as facial features, and their critical role in the recognition process. This review systematically overviews the data collection environments and devices used in related research, providing an analysis of the impact of different scenarios on recognition accuracy. Then, the review delves into the analysis and explication of livestock identification methods, based on extant research outcomes, with a focus on the application and trends of advanced technologies such as deep learning. We also highlight the challenges faced in this field, such as data quality and algorithmic efficiency, and introduce the baseline models and innovative solutions developed to address these issues. Finally, potential future research directions are explored, including the investigation of multimodal data fusion techniques, the construction and evaluation of large-scale benchmark datasets, and the application of multi-target tracking and identification technologies in livestock scenarios.
Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of Tomato Skin and Pomegranate Peel Extracts: A Sustainable Approach for Oral Health Care
Authors: Silla Alessia , Punzo Angela , Bonvicini Francesca , Perillo Matteo , Malaguti Marco , Lorenzini Antonello , Foltran Ismaela , Mercatante Dario , Mandrioli Mara , Rodriguez-Estrada Maria Teresa , Hrelia Silvana , Caliceti Cristiana
Published: January 2025

Agricultural food waste and by-products could provide high-value compounds that positively affect human and environmental health, thus representing promising ingredients for cosmeceutical products. This study explores the biological activities of tomato skin (HP) and pomegranate peel (PPE) extracts on oral mucosa to evaluate their possible use in mouthwashes. The biological activities of the extracts and the mouthwash (MW) containing them were evaluated in Human Primary Gingival Epithelial cells (HGECs). The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were analyzed in HGECs injured with lipopolysaccharides. After 24 h of treatment with PPE, HP, and MW, significant antioxidant activity and an increased Superoxide Dismutase 1 expression (p < 0.01) were observed. Additionally, the extracts significantly reduced the expression of tumor necrosis factor α (p < 0.05) and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 (p < 0.001), suggesting an anti-inflammatory role. Lastly, the antibacterial activity was assessed against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis by the broth microdilution method and agar cup diffusion test for the extracts and the mouthwash, respectively, demonstrating strong effectiveness against both oral streptococcus species. Results demonstrate the potential of HP and PPE in reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and bacterial proliferation within oral mucosa, highlighting food waste up-cycling as a resource for human health.
Limosilactobacillus reuteri ZY15 Alleviates Intestinal Inflammation and Barrier Dysfunction via AKT/mTOR/HIF-1α/RORγt/IL-17 Signaling and the Gut Microbiota in ETEC K88-Challenged Mice
Authors: Xu Xin , Zhang Hongwei , Meng Kun , Cai Hongying , Liu Weiwei , Song Liye , Zhang Zihan , Zhu Qijun , Han Xiling , Han Yunsheng , Yang Peilong
Published: January 2025

Limosilactobacillus reuteri, a recognized probiotic, improves intestinal health in animals, but the mechanism remains unclear. This study investigates the mechanisms by which L. reuteri ZY15, isolated from healthy pig feces, mitigates intestinal barrier damage and inflammation caused by oxidative stress in Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88-challenged mice. The results indicated that L. reuteri ZY15 increased antioxidant capacity by reducing serum reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. L. reuteri ZY15 enhanced the intestinal barrier by upregulating mucin 1, mucin 2, occludin, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), and claudin-1 expressions in protein and mRNA levels. It significantly alleviated intestinal inflammation by reducing the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-17 (IL-17) mRNA and protein levels. Notably, L. reuteri ZY15 suppressed intestinal inflammation by inhibiting AKT/mTOR/HIF-1α/RORγt/IL-17 pathway activation. Additionally, it significantly altered the structure of gut microorganisms by enriching Akkermansia and Clostridia_UCG.014, and thereby re-establishing colonization resistance and alleviating ETEC K88-induced intestinal barrier damage and inflammation in mice. Taken together, our findings reveal the protective mechanism of L. reuteri ZY15 in mice challenged with ETEC K88 by regulating AKT/mTOR/HIF-1α/RORγt/IL-17 signaling and microbial imbalance. Leveraging these properties, live L. reuteri ZY15 offers a promising alternative treatment for Escherichia coli-induced diarrhea in weaned piglets.
CFP-AL: Combining Model Features and Prediction for Active Learning in Sentence Classification
Authors: Kim Keuntae , Choi Yong Suk
Published: January 2025

Active learning has been a research area conducted across various domains for a long time, from traditional machine learning to the latest deep learning research. Particularly, obtaining high-quality labeled datasets for supervised learning requires human annotation, and an effective active learning strategy can greatly reduce annotation costs. In this study, we propose a new insight, CFP-AL (Combining model Features and Prediction for Active Learning), from the perspective of feature space by analyzing and diagnosing methods that have shown good performance in NLP (Natural Language Processing) sentence classification. According to our analysis, while previous active learning strategies that focus on finding data near the decision boundary to facilitate classifier tuning are effective, there are very few data points near the decision boundary. Therefore, a more detailed active learning strategy is needed beyond simply finding data near the decision boundary or data with high uncertainty. Based on this analysis, we propose CFP-AL, which considers the model’s feature space, and it demonstrated the best performance across six tasks and also outperformed others in three Out-Of-Domain (OOD) tasks. While suggesting that data sampling through CFP-AL is the most differential classification standard, it showed novelty in suggesting a method to overcome the anisotropy phenomenon of supervised models. Additionally, through various comparative experiments with basic methods, we analyzed which data are most beneficial or harmful for model training. Through our research, researchers will be able to expand into the area of considering features in active learning, which has been difficult so far.
High Power Factor DCM-CRM Cuk PFC Converter with Wide Input Voltage Range Utilizing Variable Inductor Control
Authors: Yan Tiesheng , Liu Ruihao , Wen Hao , Zhou Guohua
Published: January 2025

The Cuk power factor correction (PFC) converter with an input inductor operating discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) is widely utilized for its advantages of continuous input and output currents, low output voltage ripple, and simple control. However, the conventional Cuk PFC converter encounters issues such as the inability to achieve high power factor (PF) because of input current distortion and high intermediate capacitor voltage, especially at high input voltage. To achieve high PF, high efficiency, and low intermediate capacitor voltage simultaneously, by operating the output inductor at critical conduction mode (CRM) and adjusting input inductance from 170 µH to 930 µH within the half-line cycle dynamically with the transient rectified input voltage, a DCM-CRM Cuk PFC converter utilizing variable inductor control is proposed in this paper. The topology operational principle, control strategy, and key characteristics of the proposed converter have been studied. A 108 W experimental prototype was built and tested to validate the proposed converter. According to the comparative experimental results between the conventional converter and the proposed converter, it can be concluded that the proposed converter utilizing variable inductor control can enhance the PF and efficiency and reduce the intermediate capacitor voltage and total harmonic distortion (THD) of input current with universal 90~240 Vac input voltage range.
Emergence of Quantum Vortices in the Ionization of Helium by Proton Impact, and How to Measure Them
Authors: Guarda Tamara A. , Navarrete Francisco , Barrachina Raúl O.
Published: January 2025

This study investigates how the presence of quantum vortices affects the ionization cross-section of helium atoms by 75 keV proton impact, with special attention to the region near the electron capture to the continuum (ECC) cusp. It has been found that these vortices cause a significant reduction in the intensity of the |T|2 distribution in the low-energy region of the ECC cusp, leading to a considerable distortion that facilitates its experimental determination. Furthermore, the analysis shows that one of the vortices coincides with the Thomas angle (a parameter coming from the classical ion-electron Thomas mechanism).
A Computational Approach to the Perimeter-Area Inequality in a Triangle
Authors: Recio Tomás , Ueno Carlos , Vélez María
Published: January 2025

This paper explores the application of automated reasoning tools, specifically those implemented in GeoGebra Discovery, to the perimeter-area inequality in triangles. Focusing on the computational complex and real algebraic geometry methods behind these tools, this study analyzes a geometric construction involving a triangle with arbitrary side lengths and area, investigating the automated derivation of the relationship between the area and perimeter of a triangle, and showing that only equilateral triangles satisfy the exact perimeter-area equality. The main contribution of this work is to describe the challenges, and potential ways to approach their solutions, still posed by the use of such automated, symbolic computation, methods in dynamic geometry, in particular concerning the discovery of loci of points that satisfy specific geometric conditions, suggesting relevant improvements for the future development of these symbolic AI-based educational tools in geometry.
Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Fmoc-Protected 1,2,4-Triazolyl-α-Amino Acids and Their Dipeptides Against Aspergillus Species
Authors: Sargsyan Tatevik , Stepanyan Lala , Panosyan Henrik , Hakobyan Heghine , Israyelyan Monika , Tsaturyan Avetis , Hovhannisyan Nelli , Vicidomini Caterina , Mkrtchyan Anna , Saghyan Ashot , Roviello Giovanni N.
Published: January 2025

In recent years, fungal infections have emerged as a significant health concern across veterinary species, especially in livestock such as cattle, where fungal diseases can result in considerable economic losses, as well as in humans. In particular, Aspergillus species, notably Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus versicolor, are opportunistic pathogens that pose a threat to both animals and humans. This study focuses on the synthesis and antifungal evaluation of novel 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-protected 1,2,4-triazolyl-α-amino acids and their dipeptides, designed to combat fungal pathogens. More in detail, we evaluated their antifungal activity against various species, including Aspergillus versicolor (ATCC 12134) and Aspergillus flavus (ATCC 10567). The results indicated that dipeptide 7a exhibited promising antifungal activity against Aspergillus versicolor with an IC50 value of 169.94 µM, demonstrating greater potency than fluconazole, a standard treatment for fungal infections, which showed an IC50 of 254.01 µM. Notably, dipeptide 7a showed slightly enhanced antifungal efficacy compared to fluconazole also in Aspergillus flavus (IC50 176.69 µM vs. 184.64 µM), suggesting that this dipeptide might be more potent even against this strain. Remarkably, 3a and 7a are also more potent than fluconazole against A. candidus 10711. On the other hand, the protected amino acid 3a demonstrated consistent inhibition across all tested Aspergillus strains, but with an IC50 value of 267.86 µM for Aspergillus flavus, it was less potent than fluconazole (IC50 184.64 µM), still showing some potential as a good antifungal molecule. Overall, our findings indicate that the synthesized 1,2,4-triazolyl derivatives 3a and 7a hold significant promise as potential antifungal agents in treating Aspergillus-induced diseases in cattle, as well as for broader applications in human health. Our mechanistic studies based on molecular docking revealed that compounds 3a and 7a bind to the same region of the sterol 14-α demethylase as fluconazole. Given the rising concerns about antifungal resistance, these amino acid derivatives, with their unique bioactive structures, could serve as a novel class of therapeutic agents. Further research into their in vivo efficacy and safety profiles is warranted to fully realize their potential as antifungal drugs in clinical and agricultural settings.
A Novel Nitrite Reductase from Acinetobacter haemolyticus for Efficient Degradation of Nitrite
Authors: Yin Xiao-Yan , Bonku Emmanuel Mintah , Yuan Jian-Feng , Yang Zhong-Hua
Published: January 2025

Nitrite reductases play a crucial role in the nitrogen cycle, demonstrating significant potential for applications in the food industry and environmental remediation, particularly for nitrite degradation and detection. In this study, we identified a novel nitrite reductase (AhNiR) from a newly isolated denitrifying bacterium, Acinetobacter haemolyticus YD01. We constructed a heterologous expression system using E. coli BL21/pET28a-AhNir, which exhibited remarkable nitrite reductase enzyme activity of 29 U/mL in the culture broth, substantially higher than that reported for other strains. Structural analysis of AhNiR revealed the presence of [Fe-S] clusters, with molecular docking studies identifying Tyr-282 and Ala-289 as key catalytic sites. The enzymatic properties of AhNiR demonstrated an optimal pH of 7.5 and an optimal catalytic temperature of 30 °C. Its kinetic parameters, Km and vmax, were 1.53 mmol/L and 10.18 mmol/min, respectively, fitting with the Michaelis–Menten equation. This study represents the first report of a nitrite reductase from a denitrifying bacterium, providing a new enzyme source for nitrite degradation applications in the food industry and environmental remediation, as well as for biosensing technologies aimed at nitrite detection.
Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition Suppression by ML210 Enhances Gemcitabine Anti-Tumor Effects on PDAC Cells
Authors: Takemura Keisuke , Ikeda Kyohei , Miyake Hayato , Sogame Yoshio , Yasuda Hiroaki , Okada Nobuhiro , Iwata Kazumi , Sakagami Junichi , Yamaguchi Kanji , Itoh Yoshito , Umemura Atsushi
Published: January 2025

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest cancers in the world. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has become a standard treatment for patients scheduled for surgical resection, but the high rate of postoperative recurrence is a critical problem. Optimization of NAC is desirable to reduce postoperative recurrence and achieve long-term survival. However, if a patient’s general condition deteriorates due to NAC toxicity, surgical outcomes may be compromised. Therefore, we aimed to identify drug(s) that can be used in combination with gemcitabine (GEM), a drug widely used for the treatment of PDAC, to inhibit distant metastatic recurrence, particularly after surgery. After several screening steps, ML210, a low molecular weight chemical, was found to suppress the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in PDAC cells in combination with GEM. Specifically, low dose ML210 in combination with GEM was sufficient for cell migration without apparent toxicity or cell death. Mechanistically, ML210, which was developed as a glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inhibitor to induce lipid peroxidation, increased the oxidized lipid concentrations in PDAC cells. The oxidization of the cell membrane lipids may suppress EMT, including cell migration. Since EMT is a major malignant phenotype of PDAC, our findings may lead to the advancement of PDAC therapy, especially in the prevention of postoperative recurrence.
Lidocaine Shows Significant Antimicrobial Effects Against Staphylococcus Species: An In-Vitro Study Comparing Different Combinations of Lidocaine and Clinically Used Injectables, like Steroids and Hyaluronan, in the Context of Arthritis Management
Authors: Heller Stephan , Seemann Ricarda Johanna , Burgkart Rainer , Obermeier Andreas , Locher Hermann
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Intra-articular injections, commonly used in osteoarthritis treatment, are debated due to their potential link to septic arthritis, though its incidence remains low. Lidocaine, used as a “carrier” for therapeutic substances like hyaluronan or triamcinolone, has pain-relieving and antimicrobial properties. This study investigates the concentration-dependent antimicrobial effects of lidocaine in combination with hyaluronan and triamcinolone in both standard and synovial fluid cultures. Methods: The antimicrobial efficacy of lidocaine against Staphylococcus aureus was investigated, with variations in bacterial and lidocaine concentrations. Bacterial growth was monitored using a UV/VIS spectrometer at 600 nm. Lidocaine solutions of 1% and 2% were tested, both alone and in combination with hyaluronic acid or Triam40, in tryptic soy broth (TSB), to reflect knee joint applications. The groups included pure lidocaine (L), Triam (T), hyaluronan (H), and combinations (LT, LH, TH, LTH) with 1% or 2% lidocaine. A bacterial inoculum of 300 CFU/mL was used, and samples were incubated for 12 and 24 h. Additional tests were conducted on Staphylococcus epidermidis and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), as well as on S. aureus in human synovial fluid. Results: Lidocaine showed a concentration-dependent antimicrobial effect, with greater inhibition at higher concentrations and lower bacterial densities. All lidocaine-containing combinations significantly reduced the bacterial levels of S. aureus in TSB. Similar results were seen for S. epidermidis and MRSA, with notable inhibition in synovial fluid after 12 h, especially with 2% lidocaine. Conclusions: Lidocaine exhibits dose-dependent antimicrobial effects against key pathogens responsible for septic arthritis. Its combination with Triam40 and hyaluronan may reduce the risk of septic arthritis, supporting its clinical relevance.
The Impact of Infectious Diseases on Clinical Characteristics and Immunological Correlations in Pediatric Henoch–Schönlein Purpura: A Five-Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Oprițescu Sînziana , Nițescu Gabriela Viorela , Golumbeanu Mihaela , Boghițoiu Dora , Ioniță Elena Iuliana , Ușurelu Diana-Andreea , Lucaci Cristian , Negoiță Adriana , Moroșan Elena
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Immunoglobulin A (IgA) vasculitis (IgAV), classically known as Henoch–Schönlein purpura (HSP), is a type of nonthrombocytopenic small-vessel vasculitis. HSP is the most frequent kind of systemic vasculitis in children, characterized by purpura, arthritis or arthralgia, gastrointestinal pain, and kidney dysfunction. The aim of our research was to investigate and observe the clinical characteristics of children diagnosed with HSP and to explore the correlation between infectious diseases and HSP. Furthermore, this retrospective study considered other factors, such as demographic characteristics (sex, area/environment, and age), and their effect on the pediatric population diagnosed with HSP. Methods: To answer this question, we conducted a five-year hospital-based retrospective study that included 144 hospitalized children who were diagnosed with HSP during hospitalization. Measurements of immunological panels (IgA, IgM, IgG, and IgE), C3, C4, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and hematite sedimentation rate (VSH) determined using blood samples revealed that there is a strong correlation between the elements of the immunological panel and the HSP manifestations. Results: Additionally, elevated IgG and normal IgA serum levels in pediatric HSP patients are strongly associated with infectious diseases. Conclusions: Notably, patients with infectious diseases exhibited high IgG and normal IgA serum levels post-treatment and a higher risk of relapses.
SPR Biosensor Based on Bilayer MoS2 for SARS-CoV-2 Sensing
Authors: Tene Talia , Bellucci Stefano , Vacacela Gomez Cristian
Published: January 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the urgent need for rapid, sensitive, and reliable diagnostic tools for detecting SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we developed and optimized a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor incorporating advanced materials to enhance its sensitivity and specificity. Key parameters, including the thickness of the silver layer, silicon nitride dielectric layer, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) layers, and ssDNA recognition layer, were systematically optimized to achieve the best balance between sensitivity, resolution, and attenuation. The optimized configuration, consisting of a 45 nm silver layer, a 13 nm silicon nitride layer, 2 MoS2 layers, and a 5 nm ssDNA layer, demonstrated superior performance for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in PBS solution. The biosensor exhibited high sensitivity at low viral concentrations, achieving a sensitivity of 375.01°/RIU, a detection accuracy of 0.002, and a quality factor of 38.34 at 1.0 mM SARS-CoV-2 concentration. Performance metrics validated the sensor’s capability for reliable detection, particularly in early-stage diagnostics where timely intervention is critical. Moreover, the biosensor’s linear response to refractive index changes confirmed its potential for quantitative viral concentration analysis. This study underlines the significance of integrating advanced materials, such as MoS2 and silicon nitride, to enhance SPR biosensor performance. The findings establish the proposed biosensor as a robust and precise diagnostic tool for SARS-CoV-2 detection, with potential applications in clinical diagnostics and epidemiological monitoring.
The Anchorage Performance and Mechanism of Prefabricated Concrete Shear Walls with Closed-Loop Rebar
Authors: Gao Yufen , Yang Zheng , Chen Lu , Cheng Shengzhao , Zhang Zhongshan
Published: January 2025

To thoroughly investigate the anchorage performance of a novel prefabricated concrete shear wall system assembled by anchoring closed-loop rebar, rebar pull-out tests were conducted. The effects of different rebar distribution forms, closed-loop rebar anchoring heights, and dowel rebar diameters on anchorage performance were considered. Strain measurements at key points were taken, and the failure modes and peak loads of shear walls with various closed-loop rebar assemblies were obtained. The results indicated that the rebars in all specimens fractured, with peak loads ranging from 90 kN to 100 kN, satisfying the anchorage requirements of the rebar. This demonstrates that even when the anchorage length of the rebar is less than specified, the method of assembling by anchoring closed-loop rebar can still provide good anchorage performance. Moreover, steel bars and concrete have different damage and failure characteristics under different load levels. This research also indicates that specimens with uniformly distributed closed-loop rebar exhibit superior anchorage performance compared to those with adjacent distribution. Furthermore, increasing the overlapping height of the closed-loop rebar contributed to enhancing the safety margin of the anchorage, while the diameter of the dowel rebar (similar to stirrups) had a relatively minor effect on the anchorage performance. These findings provide a scientific basis for the design and construction of prefabricated concrete shear walls with closed-loop rebar.
Ontology-Driven Mixture-of-Domain Documentation: A Backbone Approach Enabling Question Answering for Additive Construction
Authors: Li Chao , Petzold Frank
Published: January 2025

Advanced construction techniques, such as additive manufacturing (AM) and modular construction, offer promising solutions to address labor shortages, reduce CO2 emissions, and enhance material efficiency. Despite their potential, the adoption of these innovative methods is hindered by the construction industry’s fragmented expertise. Building Information Modeling (BIM) is frequently suggested to integrate this diverse knowledge, but existing BIM-based approaches lack a robust framework for systematically documenting and retrieving the cross-domain knowledge essential for construction projects. To bridge this gap, this paper presents an ontology-driven methodology for documenting and utilizing expert knowledge, with a focus on AM in construction. Based on a well-founded ontological framework, a set of modular ontologies is formalized for individual domains. Additionally, a prototypical documentation tool is developed to elevate recorded information and BIM models as a knowledge graph. This knowledge graph will interface with advanced large language models (LLMs), enabling effective question answering and knowledge retrieval.
Indoor Air Pollutant (PM 10, CO2) Reduction Using a Vortex Exhaust Ventilation System in a Mock-Up Room
Authors: Song Yong-Woo , Kim Seong-Eun , Park Jin-Chul
Published: January 2025

In this study, a performance comparison experiment with a vortex exhaust installed at the end of a ventilation device to enhance the effect induced by reducing indoor pollutants was conducted. The experiment was carried out by constructing a mock-up room with a limited indoor environment, and performances were compared based on the following two tests. First, to confirm the effect of pollutant reduction, the wind speed was measured based on the distance from each exhaust system to verify the depth and speed at which wind can flow. Pollutants were induced to the vortex exhaust, general exhaust gasses were generated, and their performances were compared. Second, Arizona dust was used to confirm the performance with regard to the removal of pollutants which existed in particulate form (PM 10), and for CO2 gas, a representative gaseous pollutant was used as a reference. Based on the results, it was confirmed that installing a vortex exhaust system can allow for the generation of wind speeds that allow propagation at greater depths (>110 mm) compared to cases in which general exhaust is used; accordingly, exhaust performance can be achieved at increased depths. In addition, the experiment confirmed that vortex exhaust can improve the efficiency of simultaneous removal of PM 10 and CO2 compared with general exhaust. Further, it was shown that installing a vortex exhaust system can remove PM 10 and CO2 farther from the exhaust port in a shorter period than a general exhaust port. In addition, it was inferred that vortex exhaust can be utilized to prevent indoor pollutants and diseases in combination with the latest technology.
Characterisation of Castration-Resistant Cell-Derived Exosomes and Their Effect on the Metastatic Phenotype
Authors: Recio-Aldavero Jorge , Parra-Gutiérrez Lorena , Muñoz-Moreno Laura , Román Irene D. , Arenas María Isabel , Bajo Ana M.
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Prostate cancer (PCa) is characterised by its progression to a metastatic and castration-resistant phase. Prostate tumour cells release small extracellular vesicles or exosomes which are taken up by target cells and can potentially facilitate tumour growth and metastasis. The present work studies the effect of exosomes from cell lines that are representative of the different stages of the disease on the tumoral phenotype of PC3 cells. Methods: Exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation from human prostate epithelial cells (RWPE-1) and androgen-dependent PCa cells (LNCaP) and castration-resistant PCa cells (CRPC) with moderate (DU145) or high (PC3) metastatic capacity. The biophysical and biochemical properties of the exosomes were characterised as well as their effects on PC3 cell viability and migration. Results: The study of the exosomes of prostate cell lines shows heterogeneity in their size, presenting in some of them two types of populations; in both populations, a larger size in those derived from PC3 cells and a smaller size in those derived from non-tumourigenic prostate cells were detected. Differences were found in the physical properties of those derived from healthy and PCa cells, as well as between cells representative of the most aggressive stages of the disease. The highest gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity was observed in androgen-dependent cells and differences in the pro-metalloproteinases (MMP) activity were detected in healthy cells and in castration-resistant cells with moderate metastatic capacity with respect to PC3 cells. The treatment of PC3 cells with their own exosomes increased PC3 cell viability and migration. Conclusion: Exosomes represent a promising field of research in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of prostate cancer.
CO Management for Hydrogen Processes Through a Catalytic Oxidation Mechanism on Dual-Doped Perovskites with Tuned Co and Ni Ratios
Authors: Ko Yuri , Kim Heesu , Kim Seulgi , Lee Chanmin , Lee Sang Soo , Roh Hyun-Seog , Shin Jungho , Jeon Yukwon
Published: January 2025

In hydrogen processes, managing CO emissions and removal by catalytic oxidation is crucial during H2 production, storage/transportation, and use, ensuring the efficiency and safety of hydrogen systems and contributing to more sustainable energy solutions. Perovskite-structured transition metal oxide catalysts have been widely studied in various energy and environmental applications due to their extensive compositional modifications and electronic adjustments, facilitating catalytic behavior. Here, Ce-based perovskite catalysts with dual active metal doping at varying Co and Ni ratios are investigated to understand their structural and redox properties in CO oxidation. The reaction mechanism involves CO adsorption, oxygen activation, and redox cycling, confirming catalytic turnover. In situ DRIFTS analysis reveals real-time surface transformations with catalytic activity, which vary with Co and Ni doping ratio. Relatively, CO adsorption on Co3+ dominates the low-temperature activity, whereas Ni contributes to the efficiency at elevated temperatures. LCCNTxy (La0.7Ce0.1CoxNiyTi0.6O3) with x = 0.3 and y = 0.1 exhibits the highest performance, achieving T10 above 40 °C and the fastest T90 at 230 °C. This study highlights the compositional tuning in dual-doped perovskites and complementary roles of Co and Ni in CO oxidation for developing efficient industrial catalysts.