bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cell-selective proteomics segregates pancreatic cancer subtypes by extracellular proteins in tumors and circulation
Authors: Swietlik Jonathan J. , Bärthel Stefanie , Falcomatà Chiara , Fink Diana , Sinha Ankit , Cheng Jingyuan , Ebner Stefan , Landgraf Peter , Dieterich Daniela C. , Daub Henrik , Saur Dieter , Meissner Felix
Published: May 2023

Cell-selective proteomics is a powerful emerging concept to study heterocellular processes in tissues. However, its high potential to identify non-cell-autonomous disease mechanisms and biomarkers has been hindered by low proteome coverage. Here, we address this limitation and devise a comprehensive azidonorleucine labeling, click chemistry enrichment, and mass spectrometry-based proteomics and secretomics strategy to dissect aberrant signals in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Our in-depth co-culture and in vivo analyses cover more than 10,000 cancer cell-derived proteins and reveal systematic differences between molecular PDAC subtypes. Secreted proteins, such as chemokines and EMT-promoting matrisome proteins, associated with distinct macrophage polarization and tumor stromal composition, differentiate classical and mesenchymal PDAC. Intriguingly, more than 1,600 cancer cell-derived proteins including cytokines and pre-metastatic niche formation-associated factors in mouse serum reflect tumor activity in circulation. Our findings highlight how cell-selective proteomics can accelerate the discovery of diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets in cancer.
Direct nano-imaging of light-matter interactions in nanoscale excitonic emitters
Authors: Jo Kiyoung , Marino Emanuele , Lynch Jason , Jiang Zhiqiao , Gogotsi Natalie , Darlington Thomas P. , Soroush Mohammad , Schuck P. James , Borys Nicholas J. , Murray Christopher B. , Jariwala Deep
Published: May 2023

Strong light-matter interactions in localized nano-emitters placed near metallic mirrors have been widely reported via spectroscopic studies in the optical far-field. Here, we report a near-field nano-spectroscopic study of localized nanoscale emitters on a flat Au substrate. Using quasi 2-dimensional CdSe/CdxZn1-xS nanoplatelets, we observe directional propagation on the Au substrate of surface plasmon polaritons launched from the excitons of the nanoplatelets as wave-like fringe patterns in the near-field photoluminescence maps. These fringe patterns were confirmed via extensive electromagnetic wave simulations to be standing-waves formed between the tip and the edge-up assembled nano-emitters on the substrate plane. We further report that both light confinement and in-plane emission can be engineered by tuning the surrounding dielectric environment of the nanoplatelets. Our results lead to renewed understanding of in-plane, near-field electromagnetic signal transduction from the localized nano-emitters with profound implications in nano and quantum photonics as well as resonant optoelectronics.
Plasmodium falciparum has evolved multiple mechanisms to hijack human immunoglobulin M
Authors: Ji Chenggong , Shen Hao , Su Chen , Li Yaxin , Chen Shihua , Sharp Thomas H. , Xiao Junyu
Published: May 2023

Plasmodium falciparum causes the most severe malaria in humans. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) serves as the first line of humoral defense against infection and potently activates the complement pathway to facilitate P. falciparum clearance. A number of P. falciparum proteins bind IgM, leading to immune evasion and severe disease. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Here, using high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy, we delineate how P. falciparum proteins VAR2CSA, TM284VAR1, DBLMSP, and DBLMSP2 target IgM. Each protein binds IgM in a different manner, and together they present a variety of Duffy-binding-like domain-IgM interaction modes. We further show that these proteins interfere directly with IgM-mediated complement activation in vitro, with VAR2CSA exhibiting the most potent inhibitory effect. These results underscore the importance of IgM for human adaptation of P. falciparum and provide critical insights into its immune evasion mechanism.
Single-atomic-site platinum steers photogenerated charge carrier lifetime of hematite nanoflakes for photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Gao Rui-Ting , Zhang Jiangwei , Nakajima Tomohiko , He Jinlu , Liu Xianhu , Zhang Xueyuan , Wang Lei , Wu Limin
Published: May 2023

Although much effort has been devoted to improving photoelectrochemical water splitting of hematite (α-Fe2O3) due to its high theoretical solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of 15.5%, the low applied bias photon-to-current efficiency remains a huge challenge for practical applications. Herein, we introduce single platinum atom sites coordination with oxygen atom (Pt-O/Pt-O-Fe) sites into single crystalline α-Fe2O3 nanoflakes photoanodes (SAs Pt:Fe2O3-Ov). The single-atom Pt doping of α-Fe2O3 can induce few electron trapping sites, enhance carrier separation capability, and boost charge transfer lifetime in the bulk structure as well as improve charge carrier injection efficiency at the semiconductor/electrolyte interface. Further introduction of surface oxygen vacancies can suppress charge carrier recombination and promote surface reaction kinetics, especially at low potential. Accordingly, the optimum SAs Pt:Fe2O3-Ov photoanode exhibits the photoelectrochemical performance of 3.65 and 5.30 mA cm−2 at 1.23 and 1.5 VRHE, respectively, with an applied bias photon-to-current efficiency of 0.68% for the hematite-based photoanodes. This study opens an avenue for designing highly efficient atomic-level engineering on single crystalline semiconductors for feasible photoelectrochemical applications.
Mild steel corrosion behavior in a coastal megacity relevant to China Pakistan economic corridor
Authors: Zafar Faiza , Bano Humaira , Wahab M. Farooq , Corvo Francisco
Published: May 2023

This 2-year study investigated mild steel corrosion in Karachi, Pakistan, comparing findings with other major coastal cities. Karachi plays a strategic role in China Pakistan economic corridor (CPEC) project. International Organization for Standardization and American Society for Testing and Materials standards were used to measure atmospheric corrosivity (C), corrosion rates, time of wetness, pollutants, and corrosion products along with analytical techniques. Corrosion rates classified three urban test sites as C3, three marine test sites as C5, and two urban and two industrial test sites as C4. The power-linear function was used to predict corrosion rates and corrosivity categories over 20 years. Long-term predictions showed medium C3 for urban and industrial sites and high C4 for marine sites. Mild steel might be the most effective material at marine test sites (average corrosion rates of 383–416 µm y−1). Different quantities/morphologies of lepidocrocite, goethite, and magnetite were commonly present, and akaganeite was occasionally detected.
A qualitative of stable symptomatology for patients with schizophrenia: do they have adequate post-discharge rehabilitative resources?
Authors: Sun Xirong , Zhang Xiyan , Liu Liang , Zhang Lei , Zhan Ting , Chen Yanhua
Published: May 2023

Many patients diagnosed with schizophrenia face obstacles to rehabilitation and discharge into the community, particularly with regard to the way resources are structured. Clarifying the difficulties will help health care providers address rehabilitation shortcomings. Semistructured in-depth interviews and participatory observations were conducted in various locations (family home, hospital ward, outpatient clinic, and on the street) with families, social workers, doctors, nursing staff, and patients with schizophrenia. These patients met the medical facility’s hospital discharge standards and either had not been discharged or had been discharged within two weeks of meeting the discharge criteria. This study explores the complex and interdependent role of social differences in the rehabilitation of patients with schizophrenia after acute treatment. The study identified five topics related to structural difficulties in resources for the rehabilitation of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia: (1) the role of policy; (2) inadequate facilities and responsibilities; (3) rejecting communities; (4) difficult families; and (5) the threat of stigma. The rehabilitation of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia is a systemic problem. Systemic rehabilitation policies and integrated social support would be more conducive to the rehabilitation of patients. Perhaps cognitive remediation therapy or the Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) Model could benefit individuals with complex disorders.
Development and characterization of agonistic antibodies targeting the Ig-like 1 domain of MuSK
Authors: Lim Jamie L. , Augustinus Roy , Plomp Jaap J. , Roya-Kouchaki Kasra , Vergoossen Dana L. E. , Fillié-Grijpma Yvonne , Struijk Josephine , Thomas Rachel , Salvatori Daniela , Steyaert Christophe , Blanchetot Christophe , Vanhauwaert Roeland , Silence Karen , van der Maarel Silvère M. , Verschuuren Jan J. , Huijbers Maartje G.
Published: May 2023

Muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) is crucial for acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clustering and thereby neuromuscular junction (NMJ) function. NMJ dysfunction is a hallmark of several neuromuscular diseases, including MuSK myasthenia gravis. Aiming to restore NMJ function, we generated several agonist monoclonal antibodies targeting the MuSK Ig-like 1 domain. These activated MuSK and induced AChR clustering in cultured myotubes. The most potent agonists partially rescued myasthenic effects of MuSK myasthenia gravis patient IgG autoantibodies in vitro. In an IgG4 passive transfer MuSK myasthenia model in NOD/SCID mice, MuSK agonists caused accelerated weight loss and no rescue of myasthenic features. The MuSK Ig-like 1 domain agonists unexpectedly caused sudden death in a large proportion of male C57BL/6 mice (but not female or NOD/SCID mice), likely caused by a urologic syndrome. In conclusion, these agonists rescued pathogenic effects in myasthenia models in vitro, but not in vivo. The sudden death in male mice of one of the tested mouse strains revealed an unexpected and unexplained role for MuSK outside skeletal muscle, thereby hampering further (pre-) clinical development of these clones. Future research should investigate whether other Ig-like 1 domain MuSK antibodies, binding different epitopes, do hold a safe therapeutic promise.
Fish response to the presence of hydrokinetic turbines as a sustainable energy solution
Authors: Müller Stephanie , Muhawenimana Valentine , Sonnino-Sorisio Guglielmo , Wilson Catherine A. M. E. , Cable Joanne , Ouro Pablo
Published: May 2023

Hydrokinetic turbines such as vertical axis turbines (VATs) may provide decentralised, clean, sustainable energy for remote communities that lack access to the main energy grid or renewable resources. As traditional hydropower adversely alters aquatic ecosystems, it is essential to evaluate the environmental consequences of deploying VATs in riverine ecosystems to meet current and future energy needs. This study explores the implications of VATs on fish movement by observing fish swimming behaviour under two discharges, turbine operation states, and cross-sections confinements using scaled laboratory experiments. Our findings reveal that for cross-sectional confined conditions neither discharge, turbine presence, nor device operation, prevented fish from passing around and through the turbine both in the up- and downstream directions. However, fish spent the least time near the turbine vicinity and within the turbine’s turbulent, low-velocity wake, indicating avoidance behaviour. Swimming in a less confined test section further reduced the time spent within the turbine’s vicinity and wake, increasing the distance fish kept away from the device. Our results contribute to an understanding of VATs as low-risk hazards for fish swimming behaviour, advancing the potential of deploying VATs in rivers, estuaries or sea as a renewable energy solution for remote communities.
Investigation the effect of water addition on intermolecular interactions of fatty acids-based deep eutectic solvents by molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Barani pour Samaneh , Jahanbin Sardroodi Jaber , Rastkar Ebrahimzadeh Alireza , Pazuki Gholamreza
Published: May 2023

In this work, we focused on the interaction between hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and hydrogen bond doner (HBD) in the binary mixtures. The results showed that Cl− anion plays a key role in the formation of DESs. Also, the structural stability of deep eutectic solvents based on fatty acids (FAs) and choline chloride (Ch+Cl−) at different ratios was investigated in water using molecular dynamics simulations. We observed that the interaction between the chloride anion and the hydroxyl group of the cation leads to the transition of HBA to the water-rich phase. These atomic sites have important rule in the stability of the eutectic mixtures based on FAs and Cl− anion. However, it seems that the binary mixtures with the mole percent at 30% of [Ch+Cl−] and 70% of FAs have more stability than other ratios.
Evolutionary mechanisms underlying the diversification of nuclear factor of activated T cells across vertebrates
Authors: Gamboa Maribet , Kitamura Noriko , Miura Kento , Noda Satoko , Kaminuma Osamu
Published: May 2023

The mechanisms of immunity linked to biological evolution are crucial for understanding animal morphogenesis, organogenesis, and biodiversity. The nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) family consists of five members (NFATc1–c4, 5) with different functions in the immune system. However, the evolutionary dynamics of NFATs in vertebrates has not been explored. Herein, we investigated the origin and mechanisms underlying the diversification of NFATs by comparing the gene, transcript and protein sequences, and chromosome information. We defined an ancestral origin of NFATs during the bilaterian development, dated approximately 650 million years ago, where NFAT5 and NFATc1–c4 were derived independently. The conserved parallel evolution of NFATs in multiple species was probably attributed to their innate nature. Conversely, frequent gene duplications and chromosomal rearrangements in the recently evolved taxa have suggested their roles in the adaptive immune evolution. A significant correlation was observed between the chromosome rearrangements with gene duplications and the structural fixation changes in vertebrate NFATs, suggesting their role in NFAT diversification. Remarkably, a conserved gene structure around NFAT genes with vertebrate evolutionary-related breaking points indicated the inheritance of NFATs with their neighboring genes as a unit. The close relationship between NFAT diversification and vertebrate immune evolution was suggested.
Antibacterial activity of vB_AbaM_PhT2 phage hydrophobic amino acid fusion endolysin, combined with colistin against Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Sitthisak Sutthirat , Manrueang Suphattra , Khongfak Supat , Leungtongkam Udomluk , Thummeepak Rapee , Thanwisai Aunchalee , Burton Nathan , Dhanoa Gurneet K. , Tsapras Panagiotis , Sagona Antonia P.
Published: May 2023

Phage lytic enzymes are promising antimicrobial agents. In this study, an endolysin derived from vB_AbaM_PhT2 (vPhT2), was identified. This endolysin represented the conserved lysozyme domain. Recombinant endolysin (lysAB- vT2) and hydrophobic fusion endolysin (lysAB-vT2-fusion) were expressed and purified. Both endolysins showed lytic activity against bacterial crude cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. The MIC of lysAB-vT2-fusion was 2 mg/ml corresponding to 100 µM, while the MIC of lysAB-vT2 was more than 10 mg/ml (400 µM). Combination of lysAB-vT2-fusion with colistin, polymyxin B or copper was synergistic against A. baumannii (FICI value as 0.25). Antibacterial activity of lysAB-vT2-fusion plus colistin at the fractional inhibitory concentrations (FICs) revealed that it can inhibit Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and various strains of extremely drug-resistant A. baumannii (XDRAB) and phage resistant A. baumannii. The lysAB- vT2-fusion still retained its antibacterial activity after incubating the enzyme at 4, 20, 40 and 60 °C for 30 min. The lysAB-vT2-fusion could inhibit the mature biofilm, and incubation of lysAB-vT2-fusion with T24 human cells infected with A. baumannii led to a partial reduction of LDH release from T24 cells. In summary, our study highlights the antimicrobial ability of engineered lysAB-vT2-fusion endolysin, which can be applied for the control of A. baumannii infection.
A novel dual feedwater circuit for a parabolic trough solar power plant
Authors: Al-Maliki Wisam Abed Kattea , Alsaedi Sajda S. , Khafaji Hayder Q. A. , Alobaid Falah , Epple Bernd
Published: May 2023

The validated dynamic model of a parabolic trough power plant (PTPP) is improved by the combination of a new feedwater circuit (feedwater/HTF circuit) and a reference feedwater circuit (feedwater/steam circuit) as well as the development of the steam turbine model. Such design represents the first effort of research to utilize a dual feedwater circuit inside the PTPP to increase the power output in the daylight from 50 to 68 MWel and raise night operating hours at a lower cost. The purpose of increasing the operating night hours at a power (48 MWel) as in the reference PTPP is to get rid of the fossil fuel backup system and rely only on the absorbed solar energy and the stored energy in the molten salt. During daylight hours, the feedwater circuit is operated using Feedwater/HTF. In the transient period, the feedwater/HTF circuit will gradually be closed due to a decrease in solar radiation. Furthermore, the rest of the nominal feedwater mass flow rate (49 kg/s) is gradually replenished from the feedwater/steam circuit. After sunset, the entirety of the feedwater is heated based on the steam extracted from the turbine. The purpose of this improvement is to raise the number of nightly operational hours by reducing the nominal load from 61.93 to 48 MWel as a result of low energy demand during the evening hours. Therefore, a comparison study between the reference model and this optimization (optimization 2) is conducted for clear days (26th–27th/June and 13th–14th/July 2010) in order to understand the influence of dual feedwater circuit. The comparison indicates that the operational hours of the power block (PB) will be obviously increased. Moreover, this improvement reduces based on the fossil fuel system at night. As the last step, an economic analysis was performed on the costs of the referenced and the optimized PTPP as a function of the levelized energy cost (LEC). The results illustrate that the specific energy cost of a PTPP with 7.5 h of storage capacity is lowered by about 14.5% by increasing the output of the PTPP from 50 to 68 MWel.
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) spatiotemporal mapping of atypical P38 reveals an endosomal and cytosolic spatial bias
Authors: Burton Jeremy C. , Okalova Jennifer , Grimsey Neil J.
Published: May 2023

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 is a central regulator of intracellular signaling, driving physiological and pathological pathways. With over 150 downstream targets, it is predicted that spatial positioning and the availability of cofactors and substrates determines kinase signaling specificity. The subcellular localization of p38 is highly dynamic to facilitate the selective activation of spatially restricted substrates. However, the spatial dynamics of atypical p38 inflammatory signaling are understudied. We utilized subcellular targeted fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) p38 activity biosensors to map the spatial profile of kinase activity. Through comparative analysis of plasma membrane, cytosolic, nuclear, and endosomal compartments, we confirm a characteristic profile of nuclear bias for mitogen-activated kinase kinase 3/6 (MKK3/6) dependent p38 activation. Conversely, atypical p38 activation via thrombin-mediated protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) activity led to enhanced p38 activity at the endosome and cytosol, limiting nuclear p38 activity, a profile conserved for prostaglandin E2 activation of p38. Conversely, perturbation of receptor endocytosis led to spatiotemporal switching of thrombin signaling, reducing endosomal and cytosolic p38 activity and increasing nuclear activity. The data presented reveal the spatiotemporal dynamics of p38 activity and provide critical insight into how atypical p38 signaling drives differential signaling responses through spatial sequestration of kinase activity.
Lattice-charge imbalance and redox catalysis over perovskite-type ferrite- and manganite-based mixed oxides as studied by XRD, FTIR, UV–Vis DRS, and XPS
Authors: Mekhemer Gamal A. H. , Mohamed Hagar A. A. , Bumajdad Ali , Zaki Mohamed I.
Published: May 2023

In the present investigation, two sets of pure and substituted ferrite- and manganite-based mixed oxides were prepared within the stoichiometric formula$$A_{1 - x} A^{\prime}_{x} B_{1 - x} B^{\prime}_{x} O_{3}$$

A

1
-
x

A
x
′

B

1
-
x

B
x
′

O
3

, where A = Bi or La, A′ = Sr, B = Fe or Mn, B′ = Co, x = 0 or 0.2, by calcination at 700 °C (for 1 h) of corresponding metal citrate xerogels. Materials thus obtained were examined for bulk and surface characteristics using X-ray diffractometry, ex situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and N2 sorptiometry. Their redox catalytic activity was evaluated towards a 2-propanol dehydrogenation reaction in the gas phase by employing in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results obtained could help reveal that (1) the presence of Bi (versus La) and Mn (versus Fe) facilitated the formation of polymeric crystalline phases assuming lattice-charge imbalance (due to excess positive charge), (2) the surface exposure of the excess positive charge was manifested in the generation of Mn sites having various oxidation states ≥ 3+, (3) the consequent development of visible light absorptions at 498–555 nm suggested occurrence of electron double-exchange facilitated by the formation of Mnn+–O2−–Mn(n+1)+ Zener-type linkages, and (4) the exposure of such linkages at the surface warrants the establishment of the electron-mobile environment necessitated by the redox catalytic activity. Moreover, the relationship between the alcohol dehydrogenation activity and the magnitude of the lattice-charge imbalance (i.e., the net excess positive charge) of the catalysts was highlighted.
Toward explainable heat load patterns prediction for district heating
Authors: Dang L. Minh , Shin Jihye , Li Yanfen , Tightiz Lilia , Nguyen Tan N. , Song Hyoung-Kyu , Moon Hyeonjoon
Published: May 2023

Heat networks play a vital role in the energy sector by offering thermal energy to residents in certain countries. Effective management and optimization of heat networks require a deep understanding of users' heat usage patterns. Irregular patterns, such as peak usage periods, can exceed the design capacities of the system. However, previous work has mostly neglected the analysis of heat usage profiles or performed on a small scale. To close the gap, this study proposes a data-driven approach to analyze and predict heat load in a district heating network. The study uses data from over eight heating seasons of a cogeneration DH plant in Cheongju, Korea, to build analysis and forecast models using supervised machine learning (ML) algorithms, including support vector regression (SVR), boosting algorithms, and multilayer perceptron (MLP). The models take weather data, holiday information, and historical hourly heat load as input variables. The performance of these algorithms is compared using different training sample sizes of the dataset. The results show that boosting algorithms, particularly XGBoost, are more suitable ML algorithms with lower prediction errors than SVR and MLP. Finally, different explainable artificial intelligence approaches are applied to provide an in-depth interpretation of the trained model and the importance of input variables.
Fast vehicle detection based on colored point cloud with bird’s eye view representation
Authors: Wang Lele , Huang Yingping
Published: May 2023

RGB cameras and LiDAR are crucial sensors for autonomous vehicles that provide complementary information for accurate detection. Recent early-level fusion-based approaches, flourishing LiDAR data with camera features, may not accomplish promising performance ascribable to the immense difference between two modalities. This paper presents a simple and effective vehicle detection method based on an early-fusion strategy, unified 2D BEV grids, and feature fusion. The proposed method first eliminates many null point clouds through cor-calibration. It augments point cloud data by color information to generate 7D colored point cloud, and unifies augmented data into 2D BEV grids. The colored BEV maps can then be fed to any 2D convolution network. A peculiar Feature Fusion (2F) detection module is utilized to extract multiple scale features from BEV images. Experiments on the KITTI public benchmark and Nuscenes dataset show that fusing RGB image with point cloud rather than raw point cloud can lead to better detection accuracy. Besides, the inference time of the proposed method reaches 0.05 s/frame thanks to its simple and compact architecture.
Active fixation as an efficient coding strategy for neuromorphic vision
Authors: Testa Simone , Sabatini Silvio P. , Canessa Andrea
Published: May 2023

Contrary to a photographer, who puts a great effort in keeping the lens still, eyes insistently move even during fixation. This benefits signal decorrelation, which underlies an efficient encoding of visual information. Yet, camera motion is not sufficient alone; it must be coupled with a sensor specifically selective to temporal changes. Indeed, motion induced on standard imagers only results in burring effects. Neuromorphic sensors represent a valuable solution. Here we characterize the response of an event-based camera equipped with fixational eye movements (FEMs) on both synthetic and natural images. Our analyses prove that the system starts an early stage of redundancy suppression, as a precursor of subsequent whitening processes on the amplitude spectrum. This does not come at the price of corrupting structural information contained in local spatial phase across oriented axes. Isotropy of FEMs ensures proper representations of image features without introducing biases towards specific contrast orientations.
Hemodynamic and recirculation performance of dual lumen cannulas for venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Parker Louis P. , Svensson Marcial Anders , Brismar Torkel B. , Broman Lars Mikael , Prahl Wittberg Lisa
Published: May 2023

Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can be performed with two single lumen cannulas (SLCs) or one dual-lumen cannula (DLC) where low recirculation fraction ($${R}_{f}$$Rf) is a key performance criterion. DLCs are widely believed to have lower$${R}_{f}$$Rf, though these have not been directly compared. Similarly, correct positioning is considered critical although its impact is unclear. We aimed to compare two common bi-caval DLC designs and quantify$${\mathrm{R}}_{\mathrm{f}}$$Rfin several positions. Two different commercially available DLCs were sectioned, measured, reconstructed, scaled to 27Fr and simulated in our previously published patient-averaged computational model of the right atrium (RA) and venae cavae at 2–6 L/min. One DLC was then used to simulate ± 30° and ± 60° rotation and ± 4 cm insertion depth. Both designs had low$${R}_{f}$$Rf(< 7%) and similar SVC/IVC drainage fractions and pressure drops. Both cannula reinfusion ports created a high-velocity jet and high shear stresses in the cannula (> 413 Pa) and RA (> 52 Pa) even at low flow rates. Caval pressures were abnormally high (16.2–23.9 mmHg) at low flow rates. Rotation did not significantly impact$${R}_{f}$$Rf. Short insertion depth increased$${R}_{f}$$Rf(> 31%) for all flow rates whilst long insertion only increased$${R}_{f}$$Rfat 6 L/min (24%). Our results show that DLCs have lower$${R}_{f}$$Rfcompared to SLCs at moderate-high flow rates (> 4 L/min), but high shear stresses. Obstruction from DLCs increases caval pressures at low flow rates, a potential reason for increased intracranial hemorrhages. Cannula rotation does not impact$${R}_{f}$$Rfthough correct insertion depth is critical.
Spontaneously occurring tumors in different wild-derived strains of hydra
Authors: Boutry Justine , Buysse Marie , Tissot Sophie , Cazevielle Chantal , Hamede Rodrigo , Dujon Antoine M. , Ujvari Beata , Giraudeau Mathieu , Klimovich Alexander , Thomas Frédéric , Tökölyi Jácint
Published: May 2023

Hydras are freshwater cnidarians widely used as a biological model to study different questions such as senescence or phenotypic plasticity but also tumoral development. The spontaneous tumors found in these organisms have been so far described in two female lab strains domesticated years ago (Hydra oligactis and Pelmatohydra robusta) and the extent to which these tumors can be representative of tumors within the diversity of wild hydras is completely unknown. In this study, we examined individuals isolated from recently sampled wild strains of different sex and geographical origin, which have developed outgrowths looking like tumors. These tumefactions have common features with the tumors previously described in lab strains: are composed of an accumulation of abnormal cells, resulting in a similar enlargement of the tissue layers. However, we also found diversity within these new types of tumors. Indeed, not only females, but also males seem prone to form these tumors. Finally, the microbiota associated to these tumors is different from the one involved in the previous lineages exhibiting tumors. We found that tumorous individuals hosted yet undescribed Chlamydiales vacuoles. This study brings new insights into the understanding of tumor susceptibility and diversity in brown hydras from different origins.
Knockdown of mechanosensitive adaptor Hic-5 ameliorates post-traumatic osteoarthritis in rats through repression of MMP-13
Authors: Miyauchi Aya , Noguchi Masahito , Lei Xiao-Feng , Sakaki Masashi , Kobayashi-Tanabe Momoko , Haraguchi Shogo , Miyazaki Akira , Kim-Kaneyama Joo-ri
Published: May 2023

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease associated with articular cartilage destruction. Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) has an essential role in OA pathogenesis by degradation of collagen II, a major component of articular cartilage. Hydrogen peroxide-inducible clone-5 (Hic-5; TGFB1I1), a transforming growth factor-β-inducible mechanosensor, has previously been reported to promote OA pathogenesis by upregulating MMP-13 expression in mouse osteoarthritic lesions. In our current study, immunohistochemical analysis showed that Hic-5 protein expression was increased in human OA cartilage compared with normal cartilage. Functional experiments demonstrated that Hic-5 and MMP-13 expression was increased by mechanical stress, and mechanical stress-induced MMP-13 expression was suppressed by Hic-5 siRNA in human chondrocytes. Moreover, intracellular localization of Hic-5 shifted to the nucleus from focal adhesions in human chondrocytes subjected to mechanical stress, and nuclear Hic-5 increased MMP-13 gene expression. In vivo, intra-articular injection of Hic-5 siRNA decreased the Osteoarthritis Research Society International score and MMP-13 protein expression in articular cartilage of OA rats. Our findings suggest that Hic-5 regulates transcription of MMP-13 in human chondrocytes, and Hic-5 may be a novel therapeutic target for OA because OA progression was suppressed by intra-articular injection of Hic-5 siRNA in rats.
A two-sample Mendelian randomization study of circulating lipids and deep venous thrombosis
Authors: Luo Pan , Yuan Qiling , Wan Xianjie , Yang Mingyi , Xu Peng
Published: May 2023

In view of the current debate about the relationship between lipids and deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in clinical studies, a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted to clarify the effects of five circulating lipids (apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein and triglycerides) on DVT from the perspective of genetic inheritance. Five lipids (exposure) were analysed by MR with DVT (outcome) from two different data sources. For the analysis, we used inverse variance weighting and a weighted mode, weighted median, simple mode and MR–Egger regression to analyse the effect of circulating lipids on DVT. In addition, we used the MR–Egger intercept test, Cochran’s Q test and “leave-one-out” sensitivity analysis to evaluate horizontal multiplicity, heterogeneity and stability, respectively, in the analysis. In the analysis, the two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis of five common circulating lipids and DVT showed that common circulating lipids had no causal effect on DVT, which is somewhat inconsistent with the findings of many published observational studies. Based on our results, our two-sample MR analysis failed to detect a statistically significant causal relationship between five common circulating lipids and DVT.
Automatic landmarking identifies new loci associated with face morphology and implicates Neanderthal introgression in human nasal shape
Authors: Li Qing , Chen Jieyi , Faux Pierre , Delgado Miguel Eduardo , Bonfante Betty , Fuentes-Guajardo Macarena , Mendoza-Revilla Javier , Chacón-Duque J. Camilo , Hurtado Malena , Villegas Valeria , Granja Vanessa , Jaramillo Claudia , Arias William , Barquera Rodrigo , Everardo-Martínez Paola , Sánchez-Quinto Mirsha , Gómez-Valdés Jorge , Villamil-Ramírez Hugo , Silva de Cerqueira Caio C. , Hünemeier Tábita , Ramallo Virginia , Wu Sijie , Du Siyuan , Giardina Andrea , Paria Soumya Subhra , Khokan Mahfuzur Rahman , Gonzalez-José Rolando , Schüler-Faccini Lavinia , Bortolini Maria-Cátira , Acuña-Alonzo Victor , Canizales-Quinteros Samuel , Gallo Carla , Poletti Giovanni , Rojas Winston , Rothhammer Francisco , Navarro Nicolas , Wang Sijia , Adhikari Kaustubh , Ruiz-Linares Andrés
Published: May 2023

We report a genome-wide association study of facial features in >6000 Latin Americans based on automatic landmarking of 2D portraits and testing for association with inter-landmark distances. We detected significant associations (P-value <5 × 10−8) at 42 genome regions, nine of which have been previously reported. In follow-up analyses, 26 of the 33 novel regions replicate in East Asians, Europeans, or Africans, and one mouse homologous region influences craniofacial morphology in mice. The novel region in 1q32.3 shows introgression from Neanderthals and we find that the introgressed tract increases nasal height (consistent with the differentiation between Neanderthals and modern humans). Novel regions include candidate genes and genome regulatory elements previously implicated in craniofacial development, and show preferential transcription in cranial neural crest cells. The automated approach used here should simplify the collection of large study samples from across the world, facilitating a cosmopolitan characterization of the genetics of facial features.
Multispecies autocatalytic RNA reaction networks in coacervates
Authors: Ameta Sandeep , Kumar Manoj , Chakraborty Nayan , Matsubara Yoshiya J. , S Prashanth , Gandavadi Dhanush , Thutupalli Shashi
Published: May 2023

Robust localization of self-reproducing autocatalytic chemistries is a key step in the realization of heritable and evolvable chemical systems. While autocatalytic chemical reaction networks already possess attributes such as heritable self-reproduction and evolvability, localizing functional multispecies networks within complex primitive phases, such as coacervates, has remained unexplored. Here, we show the self-reproduction of the Azoarcus ribozyme system within charge-rich coacervates where catalytic ribozymes are produced by the autocatalytic assembly of constituent smaller RNA fragments. We systematically demonstrate the catalytic assembly of active ribozymes within phase-separated coacervates—both in micron-sized droplets as well as in a coalesced macrophase, underscoring the facility of the complex, charge-rich phase to support these reactions in multiple configurations. By constructing multispecies reaction networks, we show that these newly assembled molecules are active, participating both in self- and cross-catalysis within the coacervates. Finally, due to differential molecular transport, these phase-separated compartments endow robustness to the composition of the collectively autocatalytic networks against external perturbations. Altogether, our results establish the formation of multispecies self-reproducing reaction networks in phase-separated compartments which in turn render transient robustness to the network composition.
Vegetated coastal ecosystems in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean are an unexploited opportunity for climate change mitigation
Authors: Hatje Vanessa , Copertino Margareth , Patire Vinicius F. , Ovando Ximena , Ogbuka Josiah , Johnson Beverly J. , Kennedy Hilary , Masque Pere , Creed Joel C.
Published: May 2023

Vegetated coastal ecosystems (mangroves, seagrasses, and saltmarshes, often called Blue Carbon ecosystems) store large carbon stocks. However, their regional carbon inventories, sequestration rates, and potential as natural climate change mitigation strategies are poorly constrained. Here, we systematically review organic carbon storage and accumulation rates in vegetated coastal ecosystems across the Central and Southwestern Atlantic, extending from Guyana (08.28°N) to Argentina (55.14°S). We estimate that 0.4 Pg organic carbon is stored in the region, which is approximately 2-5% of global carbon stores in coastal vegetated systems, and that they accumulate 0.5 to 3.9 Tg carbon annually. By ecosystem type, mangroves have the largest areal extent and contribute 70-80% of annual organic carbon accumulation, with Brazil hosting roughly 95% of mangrove stocks. Our findings suggest that organic carbon accumulation in the region is equivalent to 0.7 to 13% of global rates in vegetated coastal ecosystems, indicating the importance of conserving these ecosystems as a nature-based approach for mitigating and adapting to climate change.
Soil organic carbon models need independent time-series validation for reliable prediction
Authors: Le Noë Julia , Manzoni Stefano , Abramoff Rose , Bölscher Tobias , Bruni Elisa , Cardinael Rémi , Ciais Philippe , Chenu Claire , Clivot Hugues , Derrien Delphine , Ferchaud Fabien , Garnier Patricia , Goll Daniel , Lashermes Gwenaëlle , Martin Manuel , Rasse Daniel , Rees Frédéric , Sainte-Marie Julien , Salmon Elodie , Schiedung Marcus , Schimel Josh , Wieder William , Abiven Samuel , Barré Pierre , Cécillon Lauric , Guenet Bertrand
Published: May 2023

Numerical models are crucial to understand and/or predict past and future soil organic carbon dynamics. For those models aiming at prediction, validation is a critical step to gain confidence in projections. With a comprehensive review of ~250 models, we assess how models are validated depending on their objectives and features, discuss how validation of predictive models can be improved. We find a critical lack of independent validation using observed time series. Conducting such validations should be a priority to improve the model reliability. Approximately 60% of the models we analysed are not designed for predictions, but rather for conceptual understanding of soil processes. These models provide important insights by identifying key processes and alternative formalisms that can be relevant for predictive models. We argue that combining independent validation based on observed time series and improved information flow between predictive and conceptual models will increase reliability in predictions.
Atomic-level design rules of metal-cation-doped catalysts: manipulating electron affinity/ionic radius of doped cations for accelerating sulfur redox kinetics in Li–S batteries
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Xinying , Shan Jiongwei , Yue Liguo , Shao Zhuhang , Chen Li , Lu Dongzhen , Li Yunyong
Published: May 2023

A general affinity/ionic radius (EA/r) rule as the selection criteria of cation dopants for designing efficient cation doped Li–S catalysts is proposed, and a lowEA/rvalue of doped cations greatly promotes sulfur redox in Li–S batteries.
Flexible pH sensors based on OECTs with a BTB dye-embedded ion-gel gate dielectric
Authors: Chen Xin , Ji Jianlong , Peng Yubo , Gao Zhipeng , Zhao Min , Tang Bin , Liu Ying
Published: May 2023

Flexible pH-sensitive OECT is prepared by using an ion-gel gate dielectric modified with BTB dye molecules. The pH sensor exhibits super-Nernstian sensitivity via the protonation/deprotonation of BTB molecules and the doping/de-doping of PEDOT:PSS channel.
FEFOS: a method to derive oxide formation energies from oxidation states
Authors: Craig Michael John , Kleuker Felix , Bajdich Michal , García-Melchor Max
Published: May 2023

Herein we report an interpretable, computationally efficient method to forecast formation energies from oxidation states of binary oxides from unary oxide entries in Materials Project. This new method is envisioned to guide inverse catalyst design.
Giant enhancement of second-harmonic generation of indium selenide on planar Au
Authors: Ke Yuxuan , Li Chun , Liang Yin , Zhang Xi , Song Jiepeng , Li Ruijie , Liu Lei , Dai Junfeng , Wei Zhongming , Zhang Qing
Published: May 2023

In this work, we provide a facile two-dimensional hybrid structure consisting of a InSe flake on gold film, exhibiting great second-harmonic generation enhancement by over two orders of magnitude in a wide spectral range from 380 to 425 nm.
Insights into the enhanced electrochemical sensing behavior of hydroquinone and catechol simultaneously enabled by ultrafine layer CoP–NiCoP heterostructure on graphene frameworks
Authors: Zhu Yanyan , Kang Kai , Jia Juan , Wang Sen , Wang Jing
Published: May 2023

We have synthesized ultrafine CoP–NiCoP heterojunction nanosheets with GFs as supporter (defined as CoP–NiCoP/GFs). The developed electrochemical sensor based on CoP–NiCoP/GFs could realize the simultaneous detection of hydroquinone and catechol.
Charge variable PIB-based block copolymers as selective transmembrane ion transporters
Authors: Dey Asmita , Haldar Ujjal , Rajasekhar Tota , Faust Rudolf , De Priyadarsi
Published: May 2023

Polyisobutylene (PIB)-based block copolymers with a segment having charge variable (anionic/neutral/cationic) side chains are investigated for their proficiency as selective transmembrane ion transporters.
Tailoring the Fe → Pd interaction in cationic Pd(ii) complexesviastructural variation of the ligand scaffold of sterically demanding dppf-analogs and their P,N-counterparts
Authors: Dey Subhayan , Roesler Fabian , Bruhn Clemens , Kelemen Zsolt , Pietschnig Rudolf
Published: May 2023

Pd-complexation of a newly developed P,N-ligand-system entails unusual Fe–Pd-distances for which the underlying Fe–Pd-interaction is analyzed in depth with DFT-methods.
Oxygen-vacancy enhanced CoO/CeO2 heterojunction for synchronous regulation of sulfur resourcing and selenium adsorption separation from flue gas desulfurization wastewater
Authors: Qi Tieyue , Chen Xi , Zhang Jingzhao , Gao Jiabin , Hao Runlong , Crittenden John
Published: May 2023

A dual functional material of oxygen-vacancy-enriched cobalt-ceria bimetallic oxide (OV-CoO/CeO2) provides a new method for the simultaneous production of high-quality sulfate and separation of toxic Se from flue gas desulfurization wastewater.
Origins of near-infrared-II emission tail and fluorescence enhancement of albumin-chaperoned cyanine dyes from a multiscale computational study
Authors: Jiang Guanyu , Hu Zhubin , Bai Lang , Zhong Cheng , Lu Sen , Han Baoshan , Sun Zhenrong , Zhu Shoujun , Liang Yongye , Sun Haitao
Published: May 2023

The quantum nature of the typically ignored but important NIR-II emission tail and the fluorescence enhancement mechanism for cyanine–protein assemblies have been revealed from a multiscale computational investigation.
Does the accounting of the local symmetry fragments in SMILES improve the predictive potential of the QSPR-model for Henry's law constants?
Authors: Toropov Andrey A. , Toropova Alla P. , Roncaglioni Alessandra , Benfenati Emilio
Published: May 2023

When modeling many physicochemical, biochemical, and ecological processes, numerical data on Henry's law constants are much desired.
Multi‐type defect detection and location based on non‐destructive impedance spectrum measurement for underground power cables
Authors: Su Jingang , Wei Liqiang , Zhang Peng , Li Yan , Liu Yunpeng
Published: May 2023

Power cable defect detection and location is a crucial aspect in power asset maintenance. Impedance spectrum measurement can be used as a non‐destructive tool for cable monitoring. Defects from overheating and moisture ingress are investigated by the authors, and it is shown that multi‐type cable defects can be detected and located by this methodology. With both electromagnetic analysis and experimental investigation, the relation between impedance variation and the dielectric permittivity is studied to reveal the method's mechanism. An approach to implement such impedance measurement online is proposed and its perspectives in terms of sensitivity is investigated by field scale tests. It is shown that 2% impedance variation due to defect should be detectable. Field scale tests show perspectives for online application with signal coupling through a high‐frequency current transformer with focus on the differences in waveforms obtained from the impedance measurements.
Applications for Cell-free Synthetic Biology
Authors: Sun Yewei
Published: May 2023

Cell-free synthetic biology is a flexible and powerful technology that engineers biological systems and parts without using living cells. Their open nature allows reactions to occur in a well-controlled and characterized environment. This review will discuss examples of applications of cell-free synthetic biology as well as their limitations and prospects.
Mining natural products related to paclitaxel reveals the possible biosynthetic pathway of paclitaxel
Authors: Sun Juncong , Deng Juntao , Song Xinfang , Gu Miao , Yang Weiyang , Liu Min
Published: May 2023

Paclitaxel is a widely used anti-tumor drug. Currently, paclitaxel can only be extracted from plants or synthesized by chemical semi-synthesis, which cause environmental damage and cannot meet the growing demand. However, the complete biosynthetic pathway of paclitaxel is still not clear, which greatly limits the production of paclitaxel using methods such as synthetic biology. Here, we deduced the paclitaxel biosynthetic pathway by searching all possible intermediates in the paclitaxel synthesis pathway from the natural product databases. In addition, we performed the transcriptome sequencing of Taxus brevifolia and performed co-expression analysis of the identified genes in the paclitaxel synthesis pathway. All these results laid a solid foundation for the elucidation of paclitaxel biosynthetic pathway.