bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trends in Second‐Trimester Safe Abortion Service Utilization During the Two Phases of COVID‐19 Pandemic in an Ethiopian Setting: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Sium Abraham Fessehaye , Lucero‐Prisno Don Eliseo
Published: June 2024

Background

Providing abortion services during pandemics without interruption is essential. The objective of the study was to compare the utilization of second‐trimester safe abortion care services between early pandemic and peak pandemic months.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective comparative study of second‐trimester safe abortion service provision during the peak of COVID‐19 pandemic in Ethiopia (April 2021) versus during that of early pandemic (April 2020). Data were collected using data extraction form from MICHU clinic HMIS registry. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Chi‐squared test and simple descriptive statistics were applied as appropriate. A p‐value of less than 0.05 was used to describe the significance of the results.

Results

There were significantly more second‐trimester abortions performed during the peak pandemic month as compared to early pandemic month (32.6% vs. 67.4%, respectively). Nearly half of the abortions were done for maternal health problems (47.8%, 44/92), and of which over 80% of them used medical methods for abortion (83.7%, 77/92). There was only one case of dilation and evacuation (D&E) during the early pandemic, compared to 14 D&E procedures during the pandemic peak.

Conclusion

We found a significant increment in the second‐trimester abortion service coverage during the peak of COVID‐19 pandemic. The measures we took during the early pandemic: increasing public awareness about continuation of abortion care services during the pandemic, change in the attitude of care‐providers, and early sticking to national guidelines on essential care during COVID‐19 should be passed on as important lessons for future pandemics.
On the design of a macro‐micro parallel manipulator for cochlear microrobot operations
Authors: Gezgin Erkin , Yaşar Alp E. , Uslu Tuğrul , Koçak Mertcan , Güzin Didem , Özbek Seda , Türkmen Gökmen A. , Karayaman Goncagül , Alsanğur Rahime , Bıdıklı Barış , Can Fatih C. , Çetin Levent
Published: June 2024

Background

The method of stem cell transfer to narrow cochlear canals in vivo to generate hair cells is still an unclear operation. Thus, the development of any possible method that will ensure the usage of medical microrobots in small cochlear workspaces is a challenging procedure.

Methods

The current study tries to introduce a macro‐micro manipulator system composed of a 6‐DoF industrial serial manipulator as a macro manipulator and a proposed 5‐DoF parallel manipulator with dual end effectors as a micro manipulator carrying permanent magnets for tetherless microrobot actuation inside the cochlea.

Results

Throughout the study, structural synthesis and kinematic analysis of the proposed micro manipulator were introduced. A prototype of the manipulator was manufactured and its hardware verification procedures were carried out using motion capture cameras and surgical navigation registration methodologies.

Conclusions

Following motion training, the assembled macro‐micro manipulator was successfully utilised to actuate a microrobot placed inside a manufactured cochlea mockup model.
Potential for artificial intelligence in medicine and its application to male infertility
Authors: Kobayashi Hideyuki
Published: June 2024

Background

The third AI boom, which began in 2010, has been characterized by the rapid evolution and diversification of AI and marked by the development of key technologies such as machine learning and deep learning. AI is revolutionizing the medical field, enhancing diagnostic accuracy, surgical outcomes, and drug production.

Methods

This review includes explanations of digital transformation (DX), the history of AI, the difference between machine learning and deep learning, recent AI topics, medical AI, and AI research in male infertility.

Main Findings (Results)

In research on male infertility, I established an AI‐based prediction model for Johnsen scores and an AI predictive model for sperm retrieval in non‐obstructive azoospermia, both by no‐code AI.

Conclusions

AI is making constant progress. It would be ideal for physicians to acquire a knowledge of AI and even create AI models. No‐code AI tools have revolutionized model creation, allowing individuals to independently handle data preparation and model development. Previously a team effort, this shift empowers users to craft customized AI models solo, offering greater flexibility and control in the model creation process.
Novel insights into human T‐lymphotropic virus type‐1 (HTLV‐1) pathogenesis‐host interactions in the manifestation of HTLV‐1‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis
Authors: Ahmadi Ghezeldasht Sanaz , Mosavat Arman , Rezaee Seyed Abdolrahim
Published: June 2024

Human T‐lymphotropic virus type‐1 (HTLV‐1) was the first discovered human oncogenic retrovirus, the etiological agent of two serious diseases have been identified as adult T‐cell leukaemia/lymphoma malignancy and HTLV‐1‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), a debilitating chronic neuro‐myelopathy. Despite more than 40 years of molecular, histopathological and immunological studies on HTLV‐1‐associated diseases, the virulence and pathogenicity of this virus are yet to be clarified. The reason why the majority of HTLV‐1‐infected individuals (∼95%) remain asymptomatic carriers is still unclear. The deterioration of the immune system towards oncogenicity and autoimmunity makes HTLV‐1 a natural probe for the study of malignancy and neuro‐inflammatory diseases. Additionally, its slow worldwide spreading has prompted public health authorities and researchers, as urged by the WHO, to focus on eradicating HTLV‐1. In contrast, neither an effective therapy nor a protective vaccine has been introduced. This comprehensive review focused on the most relevant studies of the neuro‐inflammatory propensity of HTLV‐1‐induced HAM/TSP. Such an emphasis on the virus‐host interactions in the HAM/TSP pathogenesis will be critically discussed epigenetically. The findings may shed light on future research venues in designing and developing proper HTLV‐1 therapeutics.
Follicular oocyte as a potential target for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection
Authors: Yadav Pramod K. , Pandey Ashutosh N. , Premkumar Karuppanan V. , Tiwari Meenakshi , Pandey Ajai K. , Chaube Shail K.
Published: June 2024

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) was reported in December 2019 and rapidly became a pandemic as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Apart from other organs, presence of specific receptor angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE2) and corresponding proteases such as transmembrane serine protease 2, basigin and cysteine protease cathepsin L make follicular somatic cells as well as oocyte as potential targets for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The SARS‐CoV‐2 causes inflammation and hypoxia that generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in critically ill patients. In addition, a large number of casualties and insecurity of life due to repeated waves of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection generate psychological stress and cortisol resulting in the further generation of ROS. The excess levels of ROS under physiological range cause meiotic instability, while high levels result in oxidative stress that trigger various death pathways and affect number as well as quality of follicular oocytes. Although, emerging evidence suggests that the SARS‐CoV‐2 utilises cellular machinery of ovarian follicular cells, generates ROS and impairs quality of follicular oocytes, the underlying mechanism of viral entry into host cell and its negative impact on the follicular oocyte remains poorly understood. Therefore, this review summarises emerging evidence on the presence of cellular machinery for SARS‐CoV‐2 in ovarian follicles and the potential negative impact of viral infection on the follicular oocytes that affect ovarian functions in critically ill and stressed women.
A Metasynthesis of Family Literacy Scholarship: Countering and Constructing Narratives about BIPOC Families and Communities
Authors: Ellison Tisha Lewis , Compton‐Lilly Catherine , Rogers Rebecca
Published: June 2024

In this metasynthesis, we examined 21 highly cited qualitative studies on family literacy scholarship conducted by Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) scholars from 1981 to 2019. This metasynthesis integrates findings to present a counterstory that challenges dominant narratives in family literacy. By amplifying often overlooked or erased narratives, we highlight diverse themes including family literacy as activism, its temporal aspects, barriers, challenges, hybridity, emotionality, bonding, spiritual literacies, and healing practices. These themes enhance racial, linguistic, and cultural awareness in scholars' engagement with families and communities. This metasynthesis broadens the conceptualization of family literacy, encouraging a reevaluation of our understanding of families, literacies, and research representation. Additionally, it underscores the critical importance of acknowledging and authentically representing BIPOC scholars and their participants’ stories.
Evolution of topsoil structure after compaction with a lightweight autonomous field robot
Authors: Calleja‐Huerta A. , Lamandé M. , Heck R. J. , Green O. , Munkholm L. J.
Published: June 2024

Soil structure dynamics during a season depend on management practices and environmental factors. A lightweight autonomous robot (total mass: 3300–4100 kg, wheel load: 700–1200 kg, contact areas: 0.125 m2, inflation pressures: 60–280 kPa) was used for sowing (October 2021) and weeding (May 2022) operations on an annually plowed sandy loam field. We took 579 cm3 soil cores at 10‐ to 18‐cm depth in the crop area and wheel tracks before and after the operations to assess the impact from traffic and the potential recovery of topsoil structural properties. We measured air permeability and effective air‐filled porosity in the laboratory, and X‐ray CT scanned the samples to evaluate soil pore functionality. The first operation (conducted on a moist seedbed) had the largest impact, significantly compacting and reducing the air‐filled porosity by 42% (from 0.21 to 0.12 m3 m−3) and decreasing air permeability by 75.8% (from 130 to 31.5 µm2). After 7 months, the crop area and wheel track showed signs of soil consolidation due to environmental factors but not decompaction. The second operation occurred on drier (water content 0.06 g g−1), stronger soil conditions (degree of compactness 100.8%), and recompaction of the wheel track was not observed. Traffic in weak soils can result in seasonal topsoil compaction despite the lighter wheel loads. However, due to the milder impacts, recovery rates might be faster for lightweight machinery than for heavy tractors. Multi‐season studies are needed to assess the real potential of lightweight robots to minimize soil compaction risk.
Redox Promoted Rapid and Deep Reconstruction of Defect‐Rich Nickel Precatalysts for Efficient Water Oxidation
Authors: Jiang Renzheng , Zhang Jinfeng , Gao Jiajian , Xie Yingpeng , Wu Liyun , Wang Yi , Xu Zichen , Wu Zhong‐Shuai , Yuan Shisheng , Xu Guangwen
Published: June 2024

Understanding the reconstruction mechanism to rationally design cost‐effective electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is still challenging. Herein, a defect‐rich NiMoO4 precatalyst is used to explore its OER activity and reconstruction mechanism. In situ generated oxygen vacancies, distorted lattices, and edge dislocations expedite the deep reconstruction of NiMoO4 to form polycrystalline Ni (oxy)hydroxides for alkaline oxygen evolution. It only needs ≈230 and ≈285 mV to reach 10 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively. The reconstruction boosted by the redox of Ni is confirmed experimentally by sectionalized cyclic voltammetry activations at different specified potential ranges combined with ex situ characterization techniques. Subsequently, the reconstruction route is presented based on the acid‐base electronic theory. Accordingly, the dominant contribution of the adsorbate evolution mechanism to reconstruction during oxygen evolution is revealed. This work develops a novel route to synthesize defect‐rich materials and provides new tactics to investigate the reconstruction.
Creating CoRu Dual Active Sites Codecorated Stable Porous Ceria Support for Enhanced Li–CO2 Batteries Cathodes
Authors: Deng Qinghua , Yin Kai , Yang Yong , Liu Huan , Yang Chenghan , Zhang Yiwei
Published: June 2024

Lithium–carbon dioxide (Li–CO2) battery represents a high‐energy density energy storage with excellent real‐time CO2 enrichment and conversion, but its practical utilization is hampered by the development of an excellent catalytic cathode. Here, the synergistic catalytic strategy of designing CoRu bimetallic active sites achieves the electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 and the efficient decomposition of the discharge products, which in turn realizes the smooth operation of the Li–CO2 battery. Moreover, obtained support based on metal–organic frameworks precursors facilitates the convenient diffusion and adsorption of CO2, resulting in higher reaction concentration and lower mass transfer resistance. Meanwhile, the optimization of the interfacial electronic structure and the effective transfer of electrons are achieved by virtue of the strong interaction of CoRu at the support interface. As a result, the Li–CO2 cell assembled based on bimetallic CoRu active sites achieved a discharge capacity of 19,111 mA h g−1 and a steady‐state discharge voltage of 2.58 V as well as a cycle life of >175 cycles at a rate of 100 mA g−1. Further experiments combined with density‐functional theory calculations achieve a deeply view of the connection between cathode and electrochemical performance and pave a way for the subsequent development of advanced Li–CO2 catalytic cathodes.
Achieving “Ion Diode” Salt Resistance in Solar Interfacial Evaporation by a Tesla Valve‐Like Water Transport Structure
Authors: Ji Yinzhi , Qiang Mengyuan , Zhao Qi , Mo Yalu , Fu Linjing , Lin Ziyan , Yang Heyu , Xing Yonglei , Ni Gang , Yang Yawei
Published: June 2024

Salt deposition is a disturbing problem that limits the development of passive solar‐driven interfacial evaporation. Inspired by the passive fluid control mechanism of the Tesla valve, a novel solar evaporator is proposed with a Tesla valve‐like water transport structure to prevent salt accumulation at the evaporation interface. A unique “ion diode” salt resistance of this evaporator is significantly achieved by optimizing the two asymmetric water transport structures, consisting of one Tesla valve‐like side and one wide‐leg side, which establish a reverse‐suppressing and forward‐accelerating water transport channel. In contrast to the limited ion migration of the typical symmetric solar evaporator, such a channel caused by the water/salt ions transport difference between two water supply structures, reinforces the water/salt ions supply on the wide‐leg side, thus leading to an apparent unidirectional salt ions migration from the wide‐leg side to bulk water through the Tesla valve‐like side. Consequently, an evaporation rate of 3.25 kg m−2 h−1 and a conversion efficiency of 83.27% under 2 suns are achieved in 16 wt% NaCl solution. The development of the Tesla Valve‐like evaporator provides a new perspective for solving salt deposition and realizing scalable applications of solar‐driven interfacial evaporation.
Enabling Quasi‐Zero‐Strain Behavior of Layered Oxide Cathodes via Multiple‐cations Induced Order‐to‐Disorder Transition
Authors: Zhang Jianhua , Li Wenbin , Yang Jiayi , Wang Wei , Wang Jingjing , Dong Qi , Wang Xiyu , Wu Yumei , Xu Yuhui , Wang Yixuan , Yang Haofei , Wang Ni , Ren Yang , Li Xifei
Published: June 2024

The chemically pre‐intercalated lattice engineering is widely applied to elevate the electronic conductivity, expand the interlayer spacing, and improve the structural stability of layered oxide cathodes. However, the mainstream unitary metal ion pre‐intercalation generally produces the cation/vacancy ordered superstructure, which astricts the further improvement of lattice respiration and charge‐carrier ion storage and diffusion. Herein, a multiple metal ions pre‐intercalation lattice engineering is proposed to break the cation/vacancy ordered superstructure. Taking the bilayer V2O5 as an example, Ni, Co, and Zn ternary ions are simultaneously pre‐intercalated into its interlayer space (NiCoZnVO). It is revealed that the Ni─Co neighboring characteristic caused by Ni(3d)‐O(2p)‐Co(3d) orbital coupling and the Co‐Zn/Ni‐Zn repulsion effect due to chemical bond incompatibility, endow the NiCoZnVO sample with the cation/vacancy disordered structure. This not only reduces the Li+ diffusion barrier, but also increases the diffusion dimension of Li+ (from one‐dimension to two‐dimension). Particularly, Ni, Co, and Zn ions co‐pre‐intercalation causes a prestress, which realizes a quasi‐zero‐strain structure at high‐voltage window upon charging/discharging process. The functions of Ni ion stabilizing the lattice structure and Co or Zn ions activating more Li+ reversible storage reaction of V5+/V4+ are further revealed. The cation/vacancy disordered structure significantly enhances Li+ storage properties of NiCoZnVO cathode.
Stevioside protects against acute kidney injury by inhibiting gasdermin D pathway
Authors: Qiao Ruochen , Wang Hui , Li Dasheng , Yang Yu , Shu Jiaxin , Song Xiang , Zhao Xiaozhi , Lu Li
Published: June 2024

Recent studies indicate a significant upregulation of gasdermin D (GSDMD) in acute kidney injury (AKI), a severe medical condition characterized by high morbidity and mortality globally. In this study, we identified and validated the therapeutic effects of small molecule inhibitors targeting the GSDMD pathway for AKI treatment. Using a drug screening assay, we evaluated thousands of small molecules from DrugBank against Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Nigericin‐stimulated immortalized bone marrow‐derived macrophages (iBMDMs) to discern GSDMD pathway activators. We simulated AKI in primary renal tubular epithelial cells using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exposure. Furthermore, AKI in mouse models was induced via cisplatin and ischemia/reperfusion. Our findings highlight stevioside as a potent GSDMD activator exhibiting minimal toxicity. Experimental results, both in vitro and in vivo, demonstrate stevioside's significant potential in alleviating renal tubular epithelial cell injury and AKI histological damage. After stevioside treatment, a notable decrease in cleaved GSDMD‐N terminal levels was observed coupled with diminished inflammatory factor release. This observation was consistent in both cisplatin‐ and ischemia/reperfusion‐induced AKI mouse models. Collectively, our research suggests that stevioside could be a promising candidate for modulating GSDMD signaling in AKI treatment.
Towards a security‐optimized approach for the microservice‐oriented decomposition
Authors: Liu Xiaodong , Chen Zhikun , Qian Yu , Zhong Chenxing , Huang Huang , Li Shanshan , Shao Dong
Published: June 2024

Microservice architecture (MSA) is a mainstream architectural style due to its high maintainability and scalability. In practice, an appropriate microservice‐oriented decomposition is the foundation to make a system enjoy the benefits of MSA. In terms of decomposing monolithic systems into microservices, researchers have been exploring many optimization objectives, of which modularity is a predominantly focused quality attribute. Security is also a critical quality attribute, that measures the extent to which a system protects data from malicious access or use by attackers. Considering security in microservices‐oriented decomposition can help avoid the risk of leaking critical data and other unexpected software security issues. However, few researchers consider the security objective during microservice‐oriented decomposition, because the measurement of security and the trade‐off with other objectives are challenging in reality. To bridge this research gap, we propose a security‐optimized approach for microservice‐oriented decomposition (So4MoD). In this approach, we adapt five metrics from previous studies for the measurement of the data security of candidate microservices. A multi‐objective optimization algorithm based on NSGA‐II is designed to search for microservices with optimized security and modularity. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed So4MoD, we perform several experiments on eight open‐source projects and compare the decomposition results to other three state‐of‐the‐art approaches, that is, FoSCI, CO‐GCN, and MSExtractor. The experiment results show that our approach can achieve at least an 11.5% improvement in terms of security metrics. Moreover, the decomposition results of So4MoD outperform other approaches in four modularity metrics, demonstrating that So4MoD can optimize data security while pursuing a well‐modularized MSA.
Unraveling the Atomistic Mechanisms Underlying Effective Reverse Osmosis Filtration by Graphene Oxide Membranes
Authors: Jiang Shan , Huang Lingli , Chen Honglin , Zhao Jiong , Ly Thuc Hue
Published: June 2024

The graphene oxide (GO) membrane displays promising potential in efficiently filtering ions from water. However, the precise mechanism behind its effectiveness remains elusive, particularly due to the lack of direct experimental evidence at the atomic scale. To shed light on this matter, state‐of‐the‐art techniques are employed such as integrated differential phase contrast‐scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy, combined with reverse osmosis (RO) filtration experiments using GO membranes. The atomic‐scale observations after the RO experiments directly reveal the binding of various ions including Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Fe3+ to the defects, edges, and functional groups of GO. The remarkable ion‐sieving capabilities of GO membranes are confirmed, which can be attributed to a synergistic interplay of size exclusion, electrostatic interactions, cation–π, and other non‐covalent interactions. Moreover, GO membranes modified by external pressure and cation also demonstrated further enhanced filtration performance for filtration. This study significantly contributes by uncovering the atomic‐scale mechanism responsible for ion sieving in GO membranes. These findings not only enhance the fundamental understanding but also hold substantial potential for the advancement of GO membranes in reverse osmosis (RO) filtration.
A Dual‐Functional Integration of Photodetectors and Artificial Optoelectronic Synapses on a VO2/WO3 Heterojunction Device
Authors: Guo Fuhai , Liu Yunjie , Zhang Mingcong , Yu Weizhuo , Li Siqi , Zhang Bo , Hu Bing , Zhong Lun , Jie Wenjing , Hao Lanzhong
Published: June 2024

Bionic visual systems require multimodal integration of eye‐like photodetectors and brain‐like image memory. However, the integration of photodetectors (PDs) and artificial optoelectronic synapses devices (OESDs) by one device remains a giant challenge due to their photoresponse discrepancy. Herein, a dual‐functional integration of PDs and OESDs based on VO2/WO3 heterojunctions is presented. The device can be able to realize a dual‐mode conversion between PDs and OESDs through tuning the bias voltage. Under zero bias voltage, the device exhibiting excellent photodetecting behaviors based on the photovoltaic effect, showing a high self‐powered photoresponsivity of 18.5 mA W−1 and high detectivity of 7.5 × 1010 Jones with fast photoresponse. When the external bias voltages are applied, it can be acted as an OESD and exhibit versatile electrical and photonic synaptic characteristics based on the trapping and detrapping effects, including synaptic plasticity and learning‐experience behaviors. More importantly, benefiting from the excellent photosensing ability and transporting properties, the device shows ultralow‐power consumption of 39.0 pJ and a 4 × 4 OESDs array is developed to realize the visual perception and memory. This work not only supplies a novel route to realize complex functional integration just in one device, but also offers effective strategies for developing neuromorphic visual system.
A bibliometric review of innovation ecosystem
Authors: Xu Yanan , Li Yuan
Published: June 2024

Technological advancements have not only made the innovation landscape more complex but also enhanced communication among firms, emphasizing the significance of collaboration. Consequently, there has been a substantial increase in academic interest in innovation ecosystems, leading to a sizable body of research examining their emergence, evolution and governance. Innovation ecosystems operate by effectively coordinating and organizing interconnected entities to facilitate dynamic interactions and promote innovation or value creation. However, since the concept of ecosystems has been in development for a relatively short period of time, research in this area is still somewhat fragmented, with numerous unaddressed gaps. This study provides a comprehensive review of articles from leading management research journals published between 2018 and 2023, using both quantitative and qualitative methods to assess the current state of innovation ecosystem research. Based on our analysis, we propose a research agenda to address the gaps identified in current research.
Investigational Study of Mesalamine Dissolution Discrepancy: Utilization of Hyphenated Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography‐Charged Aerosol Detection‐High‐Resolution Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Kumar Sumit , Vakkala Sudhakar , Ganesan Thipashini , Batna Ravibabu , See Hong Heng , Allada Ravikiran , Shah Ravi P.
Published: June 2024

Pentasa (mesalamine/MSLM) is a widely prescribed delayed‐release capsule formulation for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. During dissolution study of Pentasa through ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, an unusual end‐release of about 110% has been observed. Initial liquid chromatography‐UV (LC‐UV) analyses of these dissolution samples confirmed three prominent peaks other than MSLM with a significant area percentage. Further systematic investigation was carried out by incubating active pharmaceutical ingredient in dissolution media for a longer duration and at elevated temperature followed by analysis through an inverse gradient LC‐charged aerosol detector (CAD). LC–high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and online hydrogen‐deuterium exchange (HDX) mass spectrometry were also employed to identify and characterize these artifact products. The area % of prominent artifacts in LC‐UV was found to be way significant when compared to the area % obtained through inverse LC‐CAD, as CAD quantifies the peaks independent of the UV wavelength of absorbance. Inverse LC‐CAD was suitable to determine the relative response factor, whereas LC‐HRMS/MS and online HDX‐MS supported the characterization of these artifacts. These artifacts were found to be trimers, tetramers of MSLM formed due to polymerization, imparting additional pi‐bonds resulting in high UV absorptivity. These techniques when used in combinations serve complimentary to each other during such investigations.
Pull‐out tests of handcrafted studs embedded in concrete with red mud synthetic coarse aggregate
Authors: Nzambi Aaron , Oliveira Dênio
Published: June 2024

This paper presented the experimental results of the strength capacity of studs embedded centrally in concrete with red mud synthetic coarse aggregates, with the variation of the handcrafted headed stud thickness (3.17, 4.76, 6.35, and 7.9 mm) and no shank bond influence with concrete. The results regarding the compressive strength of concrete showed considerable strength gain with synthetic coarse aggregate, ranging from 27.00 to 43.50 MPa, while in concrete with natural coarse aggregate, the variation was 27.00 to 36.50 MPa. Also, it was observed that the cracking in the concrete matrix of the synthetic coarse aggregate occurred in the aggregate instead of the transition zone, as occurred with the natural coarse aggregate concrete. However, the solid morphological formation of synthetic coarse aggregate provided excellent chemical adhesion to the headed stud, providing a hardening failure behavior after reaching the yield strength value of the steel bar with higher displacements. This can enable the optimized consumption of materials in the dosage of low‐strength structural concrete and the anchoring application of studs with smaller‐headed thicknesses, up to 8% of head diameter, generating economy and sustainability.
Foreign Ownership, Board of Directors, and Environmental Commitment in European International New Ventures
Authors: Onjewu Adah‐Kole Emmanuel , Nyuur Richard B. , Amankwah‐Amoah Joseph , Olan Femi , Godwin Eun Sun
Published: June 2024

This study examines the effect of foreign ownership and the presence of a board of directors on commitment to environmental issues and export intensity. Based on a robust path analysis of 181 international new ventures spanning 25 European countries, it is found that foreign ownership significantly boosts the environmental commitment and exports of this breed of firms. On the contrary, board of directors bears no relationship with the aforementioned outcomes. Theoretically, this paper expands the international entrepreneurship discourse by uncommonly investigating environmental issues in the context of international new ventures. Practically, insights are offered to owners/managers of international new ventures to reflect on the distinctive value of foreign ownership and board of directors in their environmental and internationalization agenda. Regional policymakers' attention is drawn to the contribution of foreign ownership as a harbinger of environmental performance and greater export intensity.
“Federally Trapped”? Comparing and Contrasting Local Government in Federal Systems
Authors: Valdesalici Alice , Nicolini Matteo
Published: June 2024

‘What is the place of local government in federal studies?’ This is the question that this chapter addresses. The fact that local government has its own place within federal arrangements is a predicament to which every federal scholar might wish to subscribe. What this ‘place’ implies, however, is an aspect that still needs to be adequately explored. Although local government has been integrated into the umbrella of federal studies in more recent years, its investigation within federal settings is still considered an anomaly in many respects. To put it differently, what this ‘collocation’ implies for federal systems is not as clear as one might expect. Consequently, this chapter explores these issues from an innovative angle with a focus on powers, territory, and money, i.e. the elements that can be ascribed to the foundations of local government in federal systems.
Introduction
Authors: Feltz Adam , Cokely Edward T.
Published: June 2024

We start with a simple question: How should you live your life? There is fundamental philosophical disagreement about the right answer to that question. While philosophical disagreement is nothing new, this chapter presents a novel perspective on a potential explanation for some of that disagreement—i.e., heritable differences in personality. We introduce some of the materials and methods that we have used to scientifically establish the relation of personality with some philosophical judgments in free will, intentional action, and moral objectivism. Readers are invited to consider some of the specific cases and questions we have used to provide evidence for the theoretical core of the book—i.e., the Philosophical Personality Argument. The conclusion of this argument states that one’s endorsement of some philosophical claims is partially a function of one’s personality. Finally, we provide potential guides for reading the book based on the interests of the reader (e.g., considering strengths and limits of empirical evidence; theoretical implications for philosophy and psychology; ethical policy analysis for choice architecture and human factors research).
Ethics
Authors: Feltz Adam , Cokely Edward T.
Published: June 2024

Ethics is a philosophical area of study ranging from exploring the nature of morality, identifying what makes right actions right and wrong actions wrong, characterizing virtues, and weighing in on applied issues such as capital punishment and abortion. In this chapter, we present evidence that personality can predict some judgments across a range of ethical pursuits. Openness to experience predicts those who are likely to make moral objectivist judgments (i.e., that some actions are right or wrong regardless of what one thinks). Emotional stability predicts those who are likely to attribute virtues to others. Conscientiousness predicts preferences for overall less safe products (e.g., vaccines or cars) when there was no chance that the product itself would cause injuries or death. We go on to discuss the implications of empirical results for normative projects like ethics and conclude that empirical results are relevant for normative projects. This chapter represents the last extended discussion of the empirical data linking personality traits to philosophically relevant judgments.
Ethical Interaction Theory
Authors: Feltz Adam , Cokely Edward T.
Published: June 2024

The first chapter asked: “How should you live your life?” The final chapter of the book asks a slightly different, but related, question: “Who should decide how you live your life?” These two questions take on additional importance due to increases in the ability to track behavior and manipulate decisions via advances in science and technology. We attempt to give some evidence-based, theoretically grounded insight into how to manage the development of decision technologies, including choice architectures, in the face of value diversity. To illustrate, we center on some potential trade-offs between two values that have been prominent and well-represented cross-culturally and in many professional and personal contexts: autonomy and beneficence. The resulting Ethical Interaction Theory provides a framework designed to offer techniques to quantify and compare ethical risks and benefits associated with the development of interactive systems (e.g., ethical policy analysis). We contextualize this approach by comparing two different kinds of choice architecture strategies—nudging and strategies that promote representative understanding. Based on these analyses, we offer a heuristic checklist to use when comparing different prescriptive interventions designed to help people make better decisions.
Hagedorn singularity in exact $$ {\mathcal{U}}_{\textrm{q}}\left({\mathfrak{su}}_2\right) $$ S-matrix theories with arbitrary spins
Authors: Ahn Changrim , Franzini Tommaso , Ravanini Francesco
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Generalizing the quantum sine-Gordon and sausage models, we construct exact S-matrices for higher spin representations with quantum $$ {\mathcal{U}}_{\textrm{q}}\left({\mathfrak{su}}_2\right) $$

U
q

su
2

symmetry, which satisfy unitarity, crossing-symmetry and the Yang-Baxter equations with minimality assumption, i.e. without any unnecessary CDD factor. The deformation parameter q is related to a coupling constant. Based on these S-matrices, we derive the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz equations for q a root of unity in terms of a universal kernel where the nodes are connected by graphs of non-Dynkin type. We solve these equations numerically to find out Hagedorn-like singularity in the free energies at some critical scales and find a universality in the critical exponents, all near 0.5 for different values of the spin and the coupling constant.
Thermodynamics of black holes with probe D-branes
Authors: Cabo-Bizet Alejandro , David Marina , González Lezcano Alfredo
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Understanding how the thermodynamic properties of a black hole are modified when probed by D-branes is an important problem in AdS/CFT. This work focuses on a recently proposed black hole/D3-brane system in AdS5×S5, which is dual to four-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM in the presence of a two-dimensional surface defect. The Laplace transform that extracts the asymptotic growth of states in this defect CFT naturally defines a thermodynamic approach in the gravitational side of the duality for which charges and entropy are real. Studying the superconformal defect index in a large-charge expansion for all values of N, we compute the leading correction to the entropy of the combined system, which matches precisely with its gravity counterpart.
Heavy photophobic ALP at the LHC
Authors: Aiko Masashi , Endo Motoi , Fridell Kåre
Published: June 2024

Abstract

We study the photophobic ALP model in high-mass regions under LHC Run-II. Since the ALP is predominantly coupled with electroweak gauge bosons such as ZZ, WW, and Zγ, and less with di-photon, the model may be probed via multi-boson final-state processes. We find that on-shell ALP productions with Zγ final states currently provide the best sensitivities for ma > 40 GeV.
Primordial black holes from axion domain wall collapse
Authors: Dunsky David I. , Kongsore Marius
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The QCD axion can solve the Strong CP Problem and be the dark matter of our universe. If the PQ symmetry breaking scale associated with the axion is below the inflationary reheating temperature, axion strings and domain walls populate the universe. Most of these strings and walls decay away into axion dark matter, but a small subset of the walls will be self-enclosed surfaces that are not attached to any strings. These enclosed walls can collapse in on themselves, compressing a large amount of energy into a small volume and potentially forming primordial black holes (PBHs). We study the number density and dynamics of these self-enclosed walls, taking into account their size distribution, Hubble expansion, asphericities, and all stages of domain wall dynamics using a combination of semi-analytic and numerical approaches. We find that axion models with a high axion decay constant fa, such as those of interest in early matter-dominated cosmologies, yield a PBH abundance potentially observable by future gravitational lensing surveys. We note that the formalism developed here is also useful for predicting relic PBH abundances in other models that exhibit unstable domain walls.
Two-dimensional gauge anomalies and p-adic numbers
Authors: Camp Imogen , Gripaios Ben , Le Nguyen Nguyen Khoi
Published: June 2024

Abstract

We show how methods of number theory can be used to study anomalies in gauge quantum field theories in spacetime dimension two. To wit, the anomaly cancellation conditions for the abelian part of the local anomaly admit solutions if and only if they admit solutions in the reals and in the p-adics for every prime p and we use this to build an algorithm to find all solutions.
Entanglement entropy in string compactifications
Authors: Dabholkar Atish , Moitra Upamanyu
Published: June 2024

Abstract

We consider ℤN orbifolds of Type-II compactifications to four and six dimensions on several Calabi-Yau manifolds in the orbifold limit with the aim to compute the entanglement entropy. The spectrum can contain tachyons in the doubly-twisted sectors which can lead to new infrared divergences for the partition function that are not present in the orbifolds of the uncompactified ten-dimensional theory. We show that all tachyonic contributions in these models admit a resummation and analytic continuation that yields finite entropy in the physical region 0 < N ≤ 1 just as in ten dimensions.
Nuclear miR-451a activates KDM7A and leads to cetuximab resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhai Peisong , Tong Tong , Wang Xiaoning , Li Chuwen , Liu Chun , Qin Xing , Li Shu , Xie Fei , Mao Jiayi , Zhang Jianjun , Guo Haiyan
Published: June 2024

Cetuximab resistance has been a major challenge for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients receiving targeted therapy. However, the mechanism that causes cetuximab resistance, especially microRNA (miRNA) regulation, remains unclear. Growing evidence suggests that miRNAs may act as “nuclear activating miRNAs” for targeting promoter regions or enhancers related to target genes. This study elucidates a novel mechanism underlying cetuximab resistance in HNSCC involving the nuclear activation of KDM7A transcription via miR-451a. Herein, small RNA sequencing, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‒PCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) results provided compelling evidence of miR-451a nuclear enrichment in response to cetuximab treatment. Chromatin isolation via RNA purification, microarray analysis, and bioinformatic analysis revealed that miR-451a interacts with an enhancer region in KDM7A, activating its expression and further facilitating cetuximab resistance. It has also been demonstrated that the activation of KDM7A by nuclear miR-451a is induced by cetuximab treatment and is AGO2 dependent. Logistic regression analyses of 87 HNSCC samples indicated the significance of miR-451a and KDM7A in the development of cetuximab resistance. These discoveries support the potential of miR-451a and KDM7A as valuable biomarkers for cetuximab resistance and emphasize the function of nuclear-activating miRNAs.

Graphical abstract
Effects of climate change on plant-pollinator interactions and its multitrophic consequences
Authors: Trunschke Judith , Junker Robert R. , Kudo Gaku , Alexander Jake M. , Richman Sarah K. , Till-Bottraud Irene
Published: June 2024

There is wide consensus that climate change will seriously impact flowering plants and their pollinators. Shifts in flowering phenology and insect emergence as well as changes in the functional traits involved can cause alterations in plant-pollinator interactions, pollination success and plant reproductive output. Effects of rising temperatures, advanced snowmelt and altered precipitation patterns are expected to be particularly severe in alpine habitats due to the constrained season and upper range margins. Yet, our understanding of the magnitude and consequences of such changes in life history events and functional diversity in high elevation environments is incomplete.

This special issue collects novel insights into the effects of climate change on plant-pollinator interactions in individual plant species and on network structure of entire plant and pollinator communities in alpine ecosystems. Using simulated changes of earlier snowmelt, natural gradients of variation in temperature, precipitation and snowmelt, or a long-term monitoring approach, these studies illustrate how plant species, plant communities, and pollinators respond to variation in environmental conditions associated with scenarios of ongoing climate change.

The collection of papers presented here clearly demonstrates how spatial or temporal variation in the environmental climatic context affects flower abundances and plant community composition, and the consequences of these changes for pollinator visitation, pollination network structure, pollen transfer dynamics, or seed production. As changes in the availability of flowers, fruits, and seeds are likely to impact on other trophic levels, the time is ripe and pressing for a holistic multitrophic view of the effects of climate change on biotic interactions in alpine ecological communities.
Dynamic parameters of fluid responsiveness in the operating room
Authors: Prütz M. , Bozkurt A. , Löser B. , Haas S. A. , Tschopp D. , Rieder P. , Trachsel S. , Vorderwülbecke G. , Menk M. , Balzer F. , Treskatsch S. , Reuter D. A. , Zitzmann A.
Published: June 2024

Background

Reliable assessment of fluid responsiveness with pulse pressure variation (PPV) depends on certain ventilation-related preconditions; however, some of these requirements are in contrast with recommendations for protective ventilation.

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of PPV in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery by retrospectively analyzing intraoperative ventilation data.

Material and methods

Intraoperative ventilation data from three large medical centers in Germany and Switzerland from January to December 2018 were extracted from electronic patient records and pseudonymized; 10,334 complete data sets were analyzed with respect to the ventilation parameters set as well as demographic and medical data.

Results

In 6.3% of the 3398 included anesthesia records, patients were ventilated with mean tidal volumes (mTV) > 8 ml/kg predicted body weight (PBW). These would qualify for PPV-based hemodynamic assessment, but the majority were ventilated with lower mTVs. In patients who underwent abdominal surgery (75.5% of analyzed cases), mTVs > 8 ml/kg PBW were used in 5.5% of cases, which did not differ between laparoscopic (44.9%) and open (55.1%) approaches. Other obstacles to the use of PPV, such as elevated positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) or increased respiratory rate, were also identified. Of all the cases 6.0% were ventilated with a mTV of > 8 ml/kg PBW and a PEEP of 5–10 cmH2O and 0.3% were ventilated with a mTV > 8 ml/kg PBW and a PEEP of > 10 cmH2O.

Conclusion

The data suggest that only few patients meet the currently defined TV (of > 8 ml/kg PBW) for assessment of fluid responsiveness using PPV during surgery.
Molecular targets in bone cancer pain: a systematic review of inflammatory cytokines
Authors: Ruivo Jacinta , Tavares Isaura , Pozza Daniel H.
Published: June 2024

Bone cancer pain (BCP) profoundly impacts patient’s quality of life, demanding more effective pain management strategies. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the role of inflammatory cytokines as potential molecular targets in BCP. A systematic search for animal rodent models of bone cancer pain studies was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed using the SYRCLE RoB tool. Twenty-five articles met the inclusion criteria, comprising animal studies investigating molecular targets related to inflammatory cytokines in BCP. A low to moderate risk of bias was reported. Key findings in 23 manuscripts revealed upregulated classic pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, IL-18, IL-33) and chemokines in the spinal cord, periaqueductal gray, and dorsal root ganglia. Interventions targeting these cytokines consistently mitigated pain behaviors. Additionally, it was demonstrated that glial cells, due to their involvement in the release of inflammatory cytokines, emerged as significant contributors to BCP. This systematic review underscores the significance of inflammatory cytokines as potential molecular targets for alleviating BCP. It emphasizes the promise of targeted interventions and advocates for further research to translate these findings into effective therapeutic strategies. Ultimately, this approach holds the potential to enhance the patient’s quality of life.