bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of data sonification in virtual reality robot teleoperation
Authors: Bremner Paul , Mitchell Thomas J. , McIntosh Verity
Published: August 2022

Virtual Reality (VR) is being increasingly used to provide a more intuitive and embodied approach to robotic teleoperation, giving operators a sense of presence in the remote environment. Prior research has shown that presence can be enhanced when additional sensory cues such as sound are introduced. Data sonification is the use of non-speech audio to convey information and, in the context of VR robot teleoperation, it has the potential to 1) improve task performance by enhancing an operator’s sense of presence and 2) reduce task load by spreading data between sensory modalities. Here we present a novel study methodology to investigate how the design of data sonification impacts on these important metrics and other key measures of user experience, such as stress. We examine a nuclear decommissioning application of robotic teleoperation where the benefits of VR in terms of spatial reasoning and task performance are desirable. However, as the operational environment is hazardous, a sense of presence may not be desirable as it can lead to heightened operator stress. We conduct a study in which we compare the effects of diegetic sounds (literal and established sonifications) with abstract sounds (non-established sonifications). Our findings show that the diegetic sounds decrease workload, whereas abstract sounds increase workload, and are more stressful. Additionally, and contrary to expectations, sonification does not impact presence. These findings have implications for the design of sonic environments in virtual reality.
Optical fiber flowmeter based on a single mode-multimode-single mode structure
Authors: Olivero Massimo , Bellone Aurora , Bano Andon , Vallan Alberto , Perrone Guido
Published: August 2022

Single mode-Multimode-Single mode (SMS) sensors have been attracted a relevant attention because of their simple manufacturing, their capability of sensing different quantities, and their enhanced sensitivity compared to the most common fiber optic sensor represented by Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs). Moreover, SMS sensors exhibit blue-shift sensitivity to strain, opposite to FBGs, making them suitable in applications where strain-temperature cross-sensitivity may be an issue. SMS sensors are made by splicing a short multimode, preferably a two mode or quasi two-mode, optical fiber jumper between single mode pigtails. The interference of the modes propagating at different phase velocities produces a spectral pattern that shifts with temperature, strain or any perturbation of the phase difference among the modes. In this paper we review the main features of SMSs as temperature sensors and we present a potential biomedical application in an all-fiber flowmeter based on the hot-wire principle: a fiber-coupled laser source at 980 nm is used as a controllable heating source of the SMS sensor that, when immersed in fluid flow, converts the temperature variation, caused by the heat removal, into a wavelength shift of the transmitted spectrum. Thermal characterization and proof-of-concept experiments show the feasibility and functionality of the sensor and provide an outlook on possible developments and potential applications.
A systematic mapping literature review of education around sexual and gender diversities
Authors: López-Orozco Christian Fernando , López-Caudana Edgar Omar , Ponce Pedro
Published: August 2022

Education around sexual and gender identities is highly important to understand diversity and prevent discrimination, violence, and even murder. Nevertheless, educational institutions around the world are lacking a curriculum that explicitly includes diversity and acknowledges the LGBTQ+ community, a minority that over the years has been facing consequences from this exclusion. This study presents a detailed description of the process applied to analyze the studies using a systematic mapping literature review, as well as the positive results found from those educational institutions that started their path to inclusion around sexual and gender diversities through their curricula. The research questions targeted in this work are: What is being taught in educational institutions regarding sexual and gender diversities? What are the approaches used inside the classrooms to teach sexual and gender diversities? Which students are receiving education regarding sexual and gender diversities? Is there a technological approach and/or tool used to teach sexual and gender diversities? After applying the filtering processes, 69 studies were selected from five different online libraries: ACM, DOAJ, Lens.org, SCOPUS, and SpringerLink. The conclusions made from the findings of this review are that those studies that do tackle concerns around the topic have proven to benefit the LGBTQ+ community, the education around sexual and gender diversities predominates within the healthcare field, there are a lack of studies around this topic in Latin American countries, and technological tools are minimally used during the teaching processes.
Comments on the cosmological constant in generalized uncertainty models
Authors: Bishop Michael , Contreras Joey , Martin Peter , Singleton Douglas
Published: August 2022

The existence of a small, non-zero cosmological constant is one of the major puzzles in fundamental physics. Naively, quantum field theory arguments would imply a cosmological constant which is up to 10,120 times larger than the observed one. It is believed a comprehensive theory of quantum gravity would resolve this enormous mismatch between theory and observation. In this work, we study the ability of generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) models, which are phenomenologically motivated models of quantum gravity, to address the cosmological constant problem. In particular, we focus on how these GUP models may change the phase space of QFT, and how this affects the momentum space integration of the zero-point energies of normal modes of fields. We point out several issues that make it unlikely that GUP models, in their current form, would be able to adequately address the cosmological constant problem.
Increasing pulse agrobiodiversity to improve food security and sustainable agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Ngigi Peter Biu , Mouquet-Rivier Claire , Amiot Marie-Josèphe , Termote Celine , Pallet Dominique
Published: August 2022

Long-life cycle pulses have significant food security potential, however, there is little evidence to explain why they are not more widely produced and consumed in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This study aimed at exploring existing knowledge to inform on future research priorities in mainstreaming superior species. As staple food along with cereals, pulses are an important source of nutrients whose intake is often inadequate in SSA, however, pulse consumption remain inadequate in SSA. Depending on the crop's life cycle, pulses have multiple functions that can support food systems and ecosystem resilience. Compared to short-life cycle pulses, long-life cycle pulses rank higher in multipurpose role. However, prior research has focused primarily on short-life cycle pulses due to rapid grain production. Long-life cycle pulses remain underutilized and neglected despite showing steady but modest yield increases and adaptation to environments, suggesting that they are better positioned to respond to the diverse needs of smallholder farmers in SSA. In the context of climate change, rain-fed agriculture, depleted agricultural soils, and lack of subsidized fertilizers, there is need to transform existing food systems toward sustainable food production and improved resilience. Increasing pulse agrobiodiversity by integrating long-life cycle pulses in existing farming systems could not only contribute in alleviating malnutrition, but also poverty and inequalities. In addition, representative and accurate data are needed based on the correct use of accepted scientific names for all data across the food system. This is a prerequisite for assessing pulse consumption adequacy and quantifying production and consumption trends.
Can improved cassava genotypes from the breeding program substitute the adopted variety for gari production? Biophysical and textural attributes approach
Authors: Awoyale Wasiu , Oyedele Hakeem , Adesokan Michael , Alamu Emmanuel O. , Maziya-Dixon Busie
Published: August 2022

The use of the biophysical and textural attributes of gari/eba to determine the possible substitution of an adopted cassava variety (TMBE419) with the improved genotypes from the breeding program was evaluated in this study. Standard methods were used for the characterization of the biophysical and textural attributes of the gari/eba from different cassava roots. It was observed that the mean of the biophysical attributes of the gari is swelling power (SWP) 12.46%, dispersibility 59.70%, water absorption capacity (WAC) 474.60%, peak 355.82 RVU, breakdown 111.02 RVU, and final 423.07 RVU viscosities, peak time 4.91 min, pasting temperature 80.14°C, moisture content 3.92%, ash content 0.98%, starch content 71.98%, amylose content 31.47% and cyanogenic potential (CNP) content 0.47 mg HCN/kg. There were significant differences (p < 0.05) in all the biophysical attributes of the gari samples. The instrumental texture attribute of the eba is hardness 40.46 N/m2, mouldability 0.93, and stretchability 1.04. The sensory texture attributes depict that all the eba was moderately soft, sticky, and mouldable. Significant differences (p < 0.05) exist in the instrumental and sensory texture attributes of the eba samples. The PCA shows that gari made from TMS14F1285P0006 and TMS13F1053P0010 genotypes may have similar behavior in terms of dispersibility, SWP, and peak and breakdown viscosities to that of the TMBE419 variety. Also, the stickiness of the eba prepared from the TMS14F1285P0006 and TMS13F1053P0010 genotypes may be the same as that of the TMBE419 variety. Therefore, TMS14F1285P0006 and TMS13F1053P0010 genotypes may be good replacements for producing gari/eba in place of the TMBE419 variety.
Squamous cell carcinoma predicts worse prognosis than adenocarcinoma in stage IA lung cancer patients: A population-based propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Hao Bo , Li Fang , Wan Xiaoxia , Pan Shize , Li Donghang , Song Congkuan , Li Ning , Geng Qing
Published: August 2022

Background

Although numerous studies have reported the association between histological types and the prognosis of IA non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, few studies have deeply investigated the impact of pathology on the outcome of NSCLC patients. In this study, we comprehensively explored whether the type of histology influenced the outcome of IA-stage NSCLC patients.

Methods

The study population was obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program, which is supported by the National Cancer Institute of the United States. To avoid potential bias, the method of propensity score matching (PSM) was used to obtain a balanced cohort for further analysis.

Results

The results from univariate and multivariate regression models showed that lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSQCC) patients were at a significantly greater risk of undergoing shorter overall survival (OS) and lung cancer–specific survival (LCSS). After PSM analysis, LSQCC was still closely associated with a reduction in OS and LCSS. All of these suggested that the histological type was an independent prognostic factor for OS and LCSS.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated that squamous cell carcinoma predicted worse OS and LCSS in IA-stage NSCLC patients compared with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). We suggest that the outcomes of LSQCC and LUAD are very different and that the two histological types should be differently analyzed.
The challenging management of borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs) in women of childbearing age
Authors: Della Corte Luigi , Mercorio Antonio , Serafino Paolo , Viciglione Francesco , Palumbo Mario , De Angelis Maria Chiara , Borgo Maria , Buonfantino Cira , Tesorone Marina , Bifulco Giuseppe , Giampaolino Pierluigi
Published: August 2022

Borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs) account for approximately 15% of all epithelial ovarian cancers. In 80% of cases the diagnosis of BOTs is done at stage I and more than a third of BOTs occurs in women younger than 40 years of age wishing to preserve their childbearing potential; the issue of conservative surgical management (fertility-sparing treatment) is thus becoming of paramount importance. At early stages, the modalities of conservative treatment could range from mono-lateral cystectomy to bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Although cystectomy is the preferred method to promote fertility it can lead to an elevated risk of recurrence; therefore, an appropriate counseling about the risk of relapse is mandatory before opting for this treatment. Nevertheless, relapses are often benign and can be treated by repeated conservative surgery. Besides the stage of the disease, histological subtype is another essential factor when considering the proper procedure: as most mucinous BOTs (mBOTs) are more commonly unilateral, the risk of an invasive recurrence seems to be higher, compared to serous histotype, therefore unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is recommended. In the appraisal of current literature, this review aims to gain better insight on the current recommendations to identify the right balance between an accurate staging and an optimal fertility outcome.
Case report: Cardiac metastatic leiomyoma in an Asian female
Authors: Li Juan , Zhu Hong , Hu Shuang-Ye , Ren Shang-Qing , Li Xing-Lan
Published: August 2022

Background

Uterine leiomyomas are the most common gynecological tumors in women of child-bearing age and premenopausal women, while benign metastasizing leiomyomas of the heart are rare.

Case presentation

We report a rare case of metastasizing leiomyoma in the heart of a 54-year-old woman 10 years after a uterine leiomyoma was discovered during hysterectomy. Echocardiography, cardiac plain scan and enhanced MRI at presentation showed a soft tissue signal mass in the right ventricle. A large cardiac mass attached to the chordae of the tricuspid valve and later shown to be histopathologically consistent with uterine leiomyoma was successfully resected through a right atriotomy.

Conclusions

Our case report highlights a rare type of tumor of the heart and suggests that metastasizing leiomyoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of right-sided cardiac tumors. The complete surgical resection of the tumor was considered to be the best treatment.
Implementation of Iterative Learning Control on a Pneumatic Actuator
Authors: Rwafa James , Ghayoor Farzad
Published: August 2022

Pneumatic actuators demonstrate various nonlinear and uncertain behavior, and as a result, precise control of such actuators with model-based control schemes is challenging. The Iterative Learning Control (ILC) algorithm is a model-free control method usually used for repetitive processes. The ILC uses information from previous repetitions to learn about a system’s dynamics for generating a more suitable control signal. In this paper, an ILC method to overcome the nonlinearities and uncertainties in a pneumatic cylinder-piston actuator is suggested. The actuator is modeled using MATLAB SimScape blocks, and the ILC scheme has been expanded for controlling nonlinear, non-repetitive systems so that it can be used to control the considered pneumatic system. The simulation results show that the designed ILC controller is capable of tracking a non-repetitive reference signal and can overcome the internal and payload uncertainties with the precision of 0.002 m. Therefore, the ILC can be considered as an approach for controlling the pneumatic actuators, which is challenging to obtain their mathematical modeling.
Precise Monitoring of Lettuce Functional Responses to Minimal Nutrient Supplementation Identifies Aquaponic System’s Nutrient Limitations and Their Time-Course
Authors: Tsoumalakou Evangelia , Mente Eleni , Kormas Konstantinos A. , Katsoulas Nikolaos , Vlahos Nikolaos , Kapsis Panagiotis , Levizou Efi
Published: August 2022

In aquaponics, a closed-loop system which combines fish and crop production, essential nutrients for plant growth are often at sub-optimal concentrations. The aim of the present study was to identify system limitations and thoroughly examine the integrated response of its components to minimal external inputs, notably crop’s functional parameters, fish performance, and microorganism profile. Lettuce and red tilapia were co-cultivated under only Fe and Fe with K supplementation and their performance was evaluated against the control of no nutrient addition. Photosynthesis, the photosynthetic apparatus state, and efficiency, pigments, leaf elemental composition, and antioxidant activity of lettuce were monitored throughout the growth period, along with several parameters related to water quality, fish growth, plant productivity and bacterial community composition. Nutrient deficiency in control plants severely impacted gas exchange, PSII efficiency, and chlorophyll a content, from day 14 of the experiment, causing a significant increase in dissipation energy and signs of photoinhibition. Fe+K input resulted in 50% and two-fold increase in lettuce production compared with Fe and control groups respectively. Nutrient supplementation resulted in higher specific growth rate of tilapias, but did not affect root microbiota which was distinct from the water bacterial community. Collectively, the results emphasize the importance of monitoring crop’s functional responses for identifying the system’s limitations and designing effective nutrient management to sustain the reduced environmental footprint of aquaponics.
The Potential Function of SiLOX4 on Millet Discoloration during Storage in Foxtail Millet
Authors: Ma Qi , Wang Junjie , Cheng Lu , Li Yaqiong , Zhang Qianxiang , Li Hongying , Han Yuanhuai , Zhen Xiaoxi , Zhang Bin
Published: August 2022

Millet color is an important index for consumers to assess foxtail millet quality. The yellow color of millet is mainly because of the accumulation of carotenoids, which are essential for human nutrition. However, the discoloration of millet during storage due to carotenoid degradation seriously reduces the nutritional and commercial value of millet products. The essential quality traits of millet discoloration during storage were analyzed using two foxtail millet varieties, namely 9806-1 and Baomihunzi. We observed that the millet discoloration was caused by carotenoid degradation during storage, and different genotypes exhibited different discoloration rates. The carotenoid reduction rate in 9806-1 (32.2%) was higher than that in Baomihunzi (10.5%). The positive correlation between carotenoid reduction and the expression of SiLOX protein indicated that SiLOX from foxtail millet played a major role in carotenoid reduction during storage. The expression profiles of the SiLOX gene family were analyzed at different grain maturing stages, from S1 to S3, in these two varieties to determine the key SiLOX genes responsive to millet discoloration in foxtail millet. The consecutively low expression of SiLOX2, SiLOX3, and SiLOX4 contributed to the low level of SiLOX protein in Baomihunzi. Furthermore, the undetectable expression of SiLOX4 in the later stage of maturation in Baomihunzi was associated with low discoloration, indicating that SiLOX4 might be a key gene in regulating the discoloration of millet. This study provided critical information on the mechanism of carotenoid degradation during millet storage and laid the foundation for further understanding of carotenoid metabolism in foxtail millet.
Anti-Predation Responses to Conspecific versus Heterospecific Alarm Calls by the Nestlings of Two Sympatric Birds
Authors: Jiang Yuxin , Han Jingru , Yang Canchao
Published: August 2022

Predation is generally the main cause of bird mortality. Birds can use acoustic signals to increase their predation survival. Bird response to mobbing alarm calls is a form of anti-predation behavior. We used a playback technique and acoustic analysis to study the function of mobbing alarm calls in the parent–offspring communication of two sympatric birds, the vinous throated parrotbill (Sinosuthora webbianus) and oriental reed warbler (Acrocephalus orientalis). The chicks of these two species responded to conspecific and heterospecific mobbing alarm calls by suppressing their begging behavior. The mobbing alarm calls in these two species were similar. Mobbing alarm calls play an important role in parent–offspring communication, and chicks can eavesdrop on heterospecific alarm calls to increase their own survival. Eavesdropping behavior and the similarity of alarm call acoustics suggest that the evolution of alarm calls is conservative and favors sympatric birds that have coevolved to use the same calls to reduce predation risk.
Optimization of Veterinary Antimicrobial Treatment in Companion and Food Animals
Authors: Puvača Nikola
Published: August 2022

Several international strategies for antimicrobial stewardship have been developed in response to the global crisis of antimicrobial resistance [...]
Experimental Development of Composite Bicycle Frame
Authors: Dvořák Milan , Ponížil Tomáš , Kulíšek Viktor , Schmidová Nikola , Doubrava Karel , Kropík Bohumil , Růžička Milan
Published: August 2022

This article focuses on the development of a carbon composite bicycle frame using various experimental methods of structural analysis. Two types of frame specimen were used. The complete frame specimen was tested in accordance with ISO test load cases with the addition of an ergometer test in order to refine the operational strain envelope of such a frame. Resistive strain gauges and optical Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors were used for this analysis. The FBG sensors were embedded inside the head tube joints during the manufacturing process. The head connection was designed as a geometrically precise form–connection of wound composite tubes, reinforced with a wrap of high-strength unidirectional carbon tapes and carbon fabrics. Additional structural strength laboratory tests were conducted using simplified frame specimens, in order to evaluate the range of the limit case strain ranges. The digital image correlation method was used for the evaluation of the strain distribution in the head tube area. Resistive strain gauges were used for local strain analysis in critical areas. The acoustic emission method was used to detect structural defects before they could influence the stiffness response of the frame. It was found that the joints of the frame tubes are crucial for the strength and safety of the frame. Therefore, attention was also focused on the strengthening of the head tube joint, and on its experimental verification. A positive effect on the strength of the reinforced frame was found by doubling the thickness of the carbon fabric in the head tube joint area.
Call Failure Prediction in IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) Networks
Authors: Bahaa Amr , Shehata Mohamed , Gasser Safa M. , El-Mahallawy Mohamed S.
Published: August 2022

An explosion of traffic volume is the main driver behind launching various 5G services. The 5G network will utilize the IP Multimedia Subsystems (IMS) as a core network, same as in 4G networks. Thus, ensuring a high level of survivability and efficient failure management in the IMS is crucial before launching 5G services. We introduce a new methodology based on machine learning to predict the call failures occurring inside the IMS network using the traces for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) communication. Predicting that the call will fail enables the operator to prevent the failure by redirecting the call to another radio access technique by initiating the Circuit Switching fallback (CS-fallback) through a 380 SIP error response sent to the handset. The advantage of the model is not limited to call failure prediction, but also to know the root causes behind the failure; more specifically, the multi-factorial root is caused by using machine learning, which cannot be obtained using the traditional method (manual tracking of the traces). We built eight different machine learning models using four different classifiers (decision tree, naive Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Support Vector Machine (SVM)) and two different feature selection methods (Filter and Wrapper). Finally, we compare the different models and use the one with the highest prediction accuracy to obtain the root causes beyond the call failures. The results demonstrate that using SVM classifier with Wrapper feature selection method conducts the highest prediction accuracy, reaching 97.5%.
Internal Curing Effect of Waste Glass Beads on High-Strength Cement Composites
Authors: Pyeon Sujeong , Kim Gyuyong , Lee Sangsoo , Nam Jeongsoo
Published: August 2022

High-strength concrete (HSC) uses binders and microfillers with ultrafine particles, such as silica fume. The resulting dense internal hydration structure rapidly decreases HSC humidity, causing shrinkage cracks and affecting internal hydration. Herein, the hydration degree inside high-strength cement composites (HSCCs) was examined using waste glass beads (WGBs) as lightweight aggregates (LWAs). Moreover, unreacted hydrate reduction and hydrate formation tendencies were investigated. WGBs with particle sizes within 2.00–6.00 mm were added at ratios of 5%, 10%, and 20% after pre-wetting. The increased number of hydrates inside the specimens were examined under steam curing (80 °C) and room temperature curing (25 °C). The strength decreased as the WGB content increased. Thermogravimetric, X-ray diffraction, and Si nuclear magnetic resonance analyses revealed that the hydration degree of Si inside HSCCs changed when the content of pre-wetted LWAs changed. A visual inspection of the specimen cross-section and scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM–EDS) analysis revealed the moisture trapped inside WGB pores and the hydration tendency. Under steam curing and room temperature curing, the paste contained different amounts of hydrates, depending on WGB content. Moreover, water-absorbed WGBs were continuously desorbed through SEM–EDS, and hydrates were present in WGB pores.
Research on Seismic Signal Analysis Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Yin Xinxin , Liu Feng , Cai Run , Yang Xiulong , Zhang Xiaoyue , Ning Meiling , Shen Siyuan
Published: August 2022

In this paper, the time series classification frontier method MiniRocket was used to classify earthquakes, blasts, and background noise. From supervised to unsupervised classification, a comprehensive analysis was carried out, and finally, the supervised method achieved excellent results. The relatively simple model, MiniRocket, is only a one-dimensional convolutional neural network structure which has achieved the best comprehensive results, and its computational efficiency is far stronger than other supervised classification methods. Through our experimental results, we found that the MiniRocket model could well-extract the decisive features of the seismic sensing signal. In order to try to eliminate the tedious work of making data labels, we proposed a novel lightweight collaborative learning for seismic sensing signals (LCL-SSS) based on the method of feature extraction in MiniRocket combined with unsupervised classification. The new method gives new vitality to the unsupervised classification method that could not be used originally and opens up a new path for the unsupervised classification of seismic sensing signals.
Modeling PM2.5 and PM10 Using a Robust Simplified Linear Regression Machine Learning Algorithm
Authors: Gregório João , Gouveia-Caridade Carla , Caridade Pedro J. S. B.
Published: August 2022

The machine learning algorithm based on multiple-input multiple-output linear regression models has been developed to describe PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations over time. The algorithm is fact-acting and allows for speedy forecasts without requiring demanding computational power. It is also simple enough that it can self-update by introducing a recursive step that utilizes newly measured values and forecasts to continue to improve itself. Starting from raw data, pre-processing methods have been used to verify the stationary data by employing the Dickey–Fuller test. For comparison, weekly and monthly decompositions have been achieved by using Savitzky–Golay polynomial filters. The presented algorithm is shown to have accuracies of 30% for PM2.5 and 26% for PM10 for a forecasting horizon of 24 h with a quarter-hourly data acquisition resolution, matching other results obtained using more computationally demanding approaches, such as neural networks. We show the feasibility of using multivariate linear regression (together with the small real-time computational costs for the training and testing procedures) to forecast particulate matter air pollutants and avoid environmental threats in real conditions.
Potential Yield of World Rice under Global Warming Based on the ARIMA-TR Model
Authors: Cai Chengzhi , Yang Hongyan , Zhang Lin , Cao Wenfang
Published: August 2022

As one of two most important cereals in the world, and with the continuous increase in population and demand for food consumption worldwide, rice has been attracting researchers’ attention for improving its potential yield in the future, particularly as it relates to climate change. However, what will be the potential limit of world rice yield in the future, and how does global warming affect the yield of world rice? Therefore, analyzing the potential yield of world rice affected by global warming is of great significance to direct crop production worldwide in the future. However, by far, most modeled estimations of rice yield are based on the principle of production function from static biological dimension and at local or regional levels, whereas few are based on a time series model from a dynamic evolutionary angle and on global scale. Thus, in this paper, both average and top (national) yields of world rice by 2030 are projected creatively using the Auto-regressive Integrated Moving Average and Trend Regression (ARIMA-TR) model and based on historic yields since 1961; in addition, the impact of global warming on the yields of world rice is analyzed using a binary regression model in which global mean temperature is treated as the independent variable whereas the yield is expressed as the dependent variable. Our study concludes that between 2021 and 2030, the average yield of world rice is projected to be from 4835 kg/ha to 5195 kg/ha, the top yield from 10,127 kg/ha to 10,269 kg/ha, or the average yield ranging from 47.74% to 50.59% of the top yield. From 1961 to 2020, through to2030, global warming will exert a negative impact on the average yield of world rice less than that of the top yield, which partly drives the gap between these two yields and gradually narrowed; for world rice by 2030, the opportunities for improving global production should be dependent on both high and low yield countries as the average yield is approaching the turning point of an S-shaped curve in the long-term trend. These insights provide the academic circle with innovative comprehension of world rice yield and its biological evolution for global food security relating to global warming in the future.
Enhancing Capacity for Short-Term Climate Change Adaptations in Agriculture in Serbia: Development of Integrated Agrometeorological Prediction System
Authors: Vuković Vimić Ana , Djurdjević Vladimir , Ranković-Vasić Zorica , Nikolić Dragan , Ćosić Marija , Lipovac Aleksa , Cvetković Bojan , Sotonica Dunja , Vojvodić Dijana , Vujadinović Mandić Mirjam
Published: August 2022

The Integrated Agrometeorological Prediction System (IAPS) was a two-year project for the development of the long term forecast (LRF) for agricultural producers. Using LRF in decision-making, to reduce the risks and seize the opportunities, represents short-term adaptation to climate change. High-resolution ensemble forecasts (51 forecasts) were made for a period of 7 months and were initiated on the first day of each month. For the initial testing of the capacity of LRF to provide useful information for producers, 2017 was chosen as the test year as it had a very hot summer and severe drought, which caused significant impacts on agricultural production. LRF was very useful in predicting the variables which bear the memory of the longer period, such are growing degree days for the prediction of dates of the phenophases’ occurrences and the soil moisture of deeper soil layers as an indicator for the drought. Other project activities included field observations, communication with producers, web portal development, etc. Our results showed that the selected priority forecasting products were also identified by the producers as being the highest weather-related risks, the operational forecast implementation with the products designed for the use in agricultural production is proven to be urgent and necessary for decision-making, and required investments are affordable. The total cost of the full upgrade of agrometeorological climate services to meet current needs (including monitoring, seamless forecasting system development and the development of tools for information dissemination) was found to be about three orders of magnitude lower than the assessed losses in agricultural production in the two extreme years over the past decade.
The Physical Experimental Modelling of the Formation Processes of Upward Discharges from Grounded Objects in the Artificial Thunderstorm Cell’s Electric Field
Authors: Lysov Nikolay , Temnikov Alexander , Chernensky Leonid , Orlov Alexander , Belova Olga , Kivshar Tatiana , Kovalev Dmitry , Mirzabekyan Garry , Lebedeva Natalia , Voevodin Vadim
Published: August 2022

The results of the physical modelling of the formation processes of upward discharges from grounded objects in the artificial thunderstorm cell’s electric field are presented. We established the considerable influence of the electrode tip’s radius on the pulse streamer corona stem’s parameters and, subsequently, on the probability of the transformation of the impulse streamer corona first flash’s stem into a first stage of upward leader. We determined the diapason of the optimal tip radii for a lightning rod or lightning conductor, which allows for the most probable formation of the first impulse streamer corona, with the parameters providing the best conditions for the upward leader’s start, the purpose of which is the lowering of the probability of lightning striking the object under protection. A considerable difference between the electrical characteristics of the first impulse corona flash with and without the streamer–leader transition was established. It was shown that the amplitude of the streamer corona flash current impulse is considerable, but not the main defining factor of the streamer–leader transition. It is established that the charge value of the streamer corona first flash is not a threshold requirement for the formation of the upward leader from a ground object, but only defines the probability of the successful upward leader formation. Based on the analysis of the experimental data received, we suggest that there is a dependency between the probability of upward positive leader formation from the grounded objects and the charge value of the first pulse streamer corona flash for the rod (centered) and rope (elongated) lightning conductors and objects in the electric field of the thundercloud and downward lightning leader. The obtained results can be used for mathematical modelling of the formation processes of upward discharges from grounded objects in the artificial thunderstorm’s electric field, as in a natural thunderstorm situation.
Biodegradable Bone Implants as a New Hope to Reduce Device-Associated Infections—A Systematic Review
Authors: Paiva José C. C. , Oliveira Luís , Vaz Maria Fátima , Costa-de-Oliveira Sofia
Published: August 2022

Bone fractures often require fixation devices that frequently need to be surgically removed. These temporary implants and procedures leave the patient more prone to developing medical device-associated infections, and osteomyelitis associated with trauma is a challenging complication for orthopedists. In recent years, biodegradable materials have gained great importance as temporary medical implant devices, avoiding removal surgery. The purpose of this systematic review was to revise the literature regarding the use of biodegradable bone implants in fracture healing and its impact on the reduction of implant-associated infections. The systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines and was conducted by searching published studies regarding the in vivo use of biodegradable bone fixation implants and its antibacterial activity. From a total of 667 references, 23 studies were included based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Biodegradable orthopedic implants of Mg-Cu, Mg-Zn, and Zn-Ag have shown antibacterial activity, especially in reducing infection burden by MRSA strains in vivo osteomyelitis models. Their ability to prevent and tackle implant-associated infections and to gradually degrade inside the body reduces the need for a second surgery for implant removal, with expectable gains regarding patients’ comfort. Further in vivo studies are mandatory to evaluate the efficiency of these antibacterial biodegradable materials.
Targeting Histone Epigenetic Modifications and DNA Damage Responses in Synthetic Lethality Strategies in Cancer?
Authors: Lazo Pedro A.
Published: August 2022

Synthetic lethality strategies are likely to be integrated in effective and specific cancer treatments. These strategies combine different specific targets, either in similar or cooperating pathways. Chromatin remodeling underlies, directly or indirectly, all processes of tumor biology. In this context, the combined targeting of proteins associated with different aspects of chromatin remodeling can be exploited to find new alternative targets or to improve treatment for specific individual tumors or patients. There are two major types of proteins, epigenetic modifiers of histones and nuclear or chromatin kinases, all of which are druggable targets. Among epigenetic enzymes, there are four major families: histones acetylases, deacetylases, methylases and demethylases. All these enzymes are druggable. Among chromatin kinases are those associated with DNA damage responses, such as Aurora A/B, Haspin, ATM, ATR, DNA-PK and VRK1—a nucleosomal histone kinase. All these proteins converge on the dynamic regulation chromatin organization, and its functions condition the tumor cell viability. Therefore, the combined targeting of these epigenetic enzymes, in synthetic lethality strategies, can sensitize tumor cells to toxic DNA-damage-based treatments, reducing their toxicity and the selective pressure for tumor resistance and increasing their immunogenicity, which will lead to an improvement in disease-free survival and quality of life.
Epidemiology and Prevention of Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Makino Tomoyuki , Kadomoto Suguru , Izumi Kouji , Mizokami Atsushi
Published: August 2022

With 400,000 diagnosed and 180,000 deaths in 2020, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 2.4% of all cancer diagnoses worldwide. The highest disease burden developed countries, primarily in Europe and North America. Incidence is projected to increase in the future as more countries shift to Western lifestyles. Risk factors for RCC include fixed factors such as gender, age, and hereditary diseases, as well as intervening factors such as smoking, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, diet and alcohol, and occupational exposure. Intervening factors in primary prevention, understanding of congenital risk factors and the establishment of early diagnostic tools are important for RCC. This review will discuss RCC epidemiology, risk factors, and biomarkers involved in reducing incidence and improving survival.
Electrochemical Evolution of Carbon Steel and Fe-9% Cr Steel Rebar in Simulated Concrete Pore Solution (SCPS) in the Presence of 3.5 wt% NaCl
Authors: Lu Yi , Narayanan Deeparekha , Brooks Ryan , Castaneda Homero
Published: August 2022

Carbon steel rebar (ASTM A615) has been widely used in reinforced concrete (RC), but its susceptibility to chloride ions remains a critical issue. Low alloy chromium steel has been used to increase corrosion resistance and extend service life, such as in 9% Cr rebar (ASTM A1035-CS). In this work, we characterized two electrochemical systems over time: ASTM A615 and A1035-CS corrugated rebar immersed in SCPS in the presence of NaCl for 12 months. The interfacial processes evolution for the ASTM A1035-CS rebar for both general and local corrosion showed different active-passive responses from those of carbon steel. Because the 3.5% wt. NaCl exceeded the chloride threshold for passive breakdown of both materials, the ASTM A1035-CS showed a five-fold higher impedance and lower general corrosion rate. In localized conditions, the low alloy chrome content rebar showed less density localized attack than the ASTM A615 rebar. These results were attributed to the overall damage evolution involving the formation and stability of corrosion products over time. The local attack appeared to be a random spatial process due to changes in the local environment.
Papillary and Trabecular Muscles Have Substantial Impact on Quantification of Left Ventricle in Patients with Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Yang Chengzhi , Xu Haobo , Qiao Shubin , Jia Ruofei , Jin Zening , Yuan Jiansong
Published: August 2022

Patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HOCM) have large papillary and trabecular muscles (PTMs), which are myocardial tissue. PTMs are usually excluded from the myocardium and included in the left ventricular (LV) cavity when determining LV mass (LVM) and volumes using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). This conventional method may result in large distortion of LVM and other indices. We investigated 74 patients with HOCM undergoing CMR imaging. LV short-axis cine images were obtained. LV contours were drawn using two different methods: (1) the conventional method, where PTMs were included in the LV cavity; and (2) the mask method, which includes the TPMs in the LV myocardium. The LV end-diastolic volume (LV-EDV), LV end-systolic volume (LV-ESV), LV ejection fraction (LVEF), and the LVM were then calculated. Fasting NT-proBNP and CK-MB levels were measured with ELISA. In patients with HOCM, mass of PTMs (MOPTM) was 47.9 ± 18.7 g, which represented 26.9% of total LVM. Inclusion of PTMs with the mask method resulted in significantly greater LVM and LVM index (both p < 0.0001) in comparison with those measured with the conventional method. In addition, the mask method produced a significant decrease in LV-EDV and LV-ESV. LVEF was significantly increased with the mask method (64.3 ± 7.9% vs. 77.2 ± 7.1%, p < 0.0001). MOPTM was positively correlated with BMI, septal wall thickness, LVM, LV-EDV, and LV-ESV. LVEF was inversely correlated with MOPTM. In addition, MOPTM correlated positively with NT-proBNP (r = 0.265, p = 0.039) and CK-MB (r = 0.356, p = 0.002). In conclusion, inclusion of PTMs in the myocardium has a substantial impact on quantification of the LVM, LV-EDV, LV-ESV, and LVEF in patients with HOCM. The effects of the PTMs in women was greater than that in men. Furthermore, the MOPTM was positively associated with NT-proBNP and CK-MB. The PTMs might be included in the myocardium when measuring the LV volumes and mass of patients with HOCM. At present, the clinical and prognostic meaning and relevance of the PTMs is not clear and should be further studied.
Systematic Review of Mindfulness-Based Interventions in Child-Adolescent Population: A Developmental Perspective
Authors: Porter Bárbara , Oyanadel Cristian , Sáez-Delgado Fabiola , Andaur Ana , Peñate Wenceslao
Published: August 2022

Human development implies deep changes in cognitive, attentional, emotional, and behavioral skills. Therefore, Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBIs) should be adapted in terms of dose, frequency, kind of exercises, assessment methods, and expected effects regarding the abilities and limitations of each developmental period. The present review seeks to describe and compare MBIs characteristics, assessment methods, and effects in youth between 3 and 18 years old considering four developmental periods. A systematic review was carried out including experimental primary studies published during the last five years. Results show that the frequency of the sessions and program duration varies widely. Differences were observed in instructors’ training and in assessment strategies. Discrepancies were observed regarding the effects of MBIs both within and between periods in cognitive, socio-emotional, symptoms, and mindfulness variables. Consistency was observed in prosocial behaviors for preschoolers, and in emotional and behavioral problems and hyperactivity in ages between preschool and early adolescence. Nevertheless, it was impossible to compare most results and determine consistency or discrepancy due to the lack of studies. Regarding mindfulness, it is defined and assessed in different ways in each period. Orientations are suggested to move from a compartmentalized view of isolated MBIs, towards an integrative perspective that allows tracing developmental trajectories for mindfulness and other key cognitive and socioemotional skills for children and adolescents.
Active Directory Attacks—Steps, Types, and Signatures
Authors: Mokhtar Basem , Jurcut Anca , ElSayed Mahmoud , Azer Marianne
Published: August 2022

Active Directory Domain is a Microsoft service that allows and facilitates the centralized administration of all workstations and servers in any environment. Due to the wide use and adoption of this service, it has become a target for many attackers. Active Directory attacks have evolved through years. The attacks target different functions and features provided by Active Directory. In this paper, we provide insights on the criticality, impact, and detection of Active Directory attacks. We review the different Active Directory attacks. We introduce the steps of the Active Directory attack and the Kerberos authentication workflow, which is abused in most attacks to compromise the Active Directory environment. Further, we conduct experiments on two attacks that are based on privilege escalation in order to examine the attack signatures on Windows event logs. The content designed in this paper may serve as a baseline for organizations implementing detection mechanisms for their Active Directory environments.