bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of The Community Satisfaction Index on Medan Rumah Kita Public Service Application
Authors: Nasution M A , Regif S Y
Published: October 2019

This study is about the Public Satisfaction index of the management of public service applications managed by the Office of Communication and Information of the City of Medan using a Play Store-based system on smart cell phones or android. This application system provides information, facilities and service categories for the people of Medan City in submitting complaints to problems of public facilities. The management of this application is called Medan Rumah Kita or MRK. The main objective is to fulfil the NPS (New Public Service) as part of the implementation managed by the Medan City government with the main goal being community satisfaction in the city of Medan. The MRK (Medan Rumah Kita) application, which began in 2016, is expected to increase the contribution of the role of the community in improving the system of government work that is more effective and efficient in accordance with the principles of good governance and e-government. This study has an important objective, namely to provide a measurable analysis of the ability of state civil apparatus in managing the Medan Rumah Kita application for the public interest so that it becomes one of the stages and achievements that become a reference for improving access to public services in Medan City. The population in this study were people who had downloaded and used Medan Rumah Kita (MRK) application. This study is using a questionnaire as a data collection tool, this study also uses research respondents which is gathered from the Play Store application that consist of 1500 people who have downloaded MRK application, with the total sample is 306 people. The result shows that 75.95% of the respondents are in the “GOOD LESS” category (at intervals of 2.60 - 3.064 or 65.00 - 76.60).
Separation of Basic Words in Angkola Batak Text Documents using Enhanced Confix Stripping Stemmer Case: Mandailing Ethnic
Authors: Muchtar M A , Jaya I , Nababan Manguji , Andayani U , Siregar Lisa Noprianti , Nababan Erna B , Sitompul Opim S
Published: October 2019

Stemming is the process of separating essential words from an affixed word. Stemming works by eliminating morphological variations which attached to a word by removing affixes in a word with a dictionary as a reference to the stemming process. One effective algorithm for resolving stemming in Indonesian is an Enhanced Confix Stripping Stemmer algorithm. In this case, the improved Confix stripping stemmer algorithm is implemented for the separation of essential words in the Angola-Mandailing Batak language document that has different phonologies and morphologies with Indonesian. The documents used are Latin character documents in the Angkola-Mandailing language that goes through the stages of filtering, folding cases, and tokenization before stemming. The stemming process is done by removing particles, ownership, suffixes, and prefixes. After testing this research, it was concluded that this algorithm was able to separate essential words in the Angkola-Mandailing Batak language with accuracy 87,05%.
Interactive Learning Media of the Solar System for Children using Kinect
Authors: Rahmat R F , Amalia N , Faza S , Muchtar M A , Budiarto R
Published: October 2019

Children education adheres to the emphasis of playing while learning or learning while playing. Playing using the body muscles can stimulate the body senses of a child and assist the child in exploring the surroundings. Children discover and learn new things or skills through playing a game. In creating an interactive learning experience to stimulate the brain of a child, a solar system is included in the formal education curriculum packed in an interactive media using Kinect where the children will play an active role in studying the solar system. The Kinect sensor detects 23 joints of a child to be used to move the 3-dimensional astronaut object directly on the body (coordinates mapper) and uses the background removal on the image to separate the background and the child pixels, so the child seems to be beside the planet. Based on the test results using the respondents of 50 children, it was shown that the system effectiveness level for the children is 86%.
Effect of Chord Length on the Performance of H-Darrieus Wind Turbine with NACA 4415 Airfoil
Authors: Pramono Indro , Ambarita Himsar , Kishinami Koki
Published: October 2019

The effect of chord length to the performance of an H-Darrieus Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) was investigated numerically. The turbine blade made of NACA 4155 airfoil. A set of governing equations has been developed. In order to incorporate the turbulence effect, k – epsilon model was adopted. A Computational Fluid Dynamic code has been used to solve the problem. The non-dimensional chord length of 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 are investigated. The contour velocity in the computational domain was plotted and discussed. By using the average velocity of the wind leaving the turbine, power coefficient is estimated. The results show that the power coefficient for non-dimensional chord length of 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 is 0.51, 0.57, 0.59, and 0.59, respectively. The conclusion here is that non-dimensional chord length strongly affects the power. Increasing the chord length will increase the coefficient power. However, there exists an optimum chord length it is 0.4. Thus, it is suggested to use the non-dimensional chord length of 0.4.
Data Envelopment Analysis for Productivity on Small and Medium Enterprise: A Measurement
Authors: Sari Rahmi M. , Erwin  , Syahputri Khalida , Fattah Ghassan M.
Published: October 2019

Every operator wants SME that can be work optimally, Thus the SME’s productivity projection to have increasement. As a case study, this research conduct in the SMEs that worked in general printing. This research also pursues to measure the productivity of operators. Based on the results of the initial research obtained by the station that most requires physical work is the pod station. The work system in pod station has not designed yet. Therefore, a work system will be designed for the station. First, the operator productivity measurements are carried out. The method used to measure operator productivity is Data Envelopment Analysis. The analysis started by making cycle times, work presentations, and the number of products produced as variables to obtain optimal functions. During the observations made at the SMEs, productive operators were obtained who managed 83.69% on the operator I and II carriers on 79.34%. From the calculation of the DEA, the second operator has the value equal to 1 so that it has passed the threshold of expected quality.
Comparative analysis of technical efficiency between organic and non-organic rice farming in North Sumatera Indonesia
Authors: Wibowo Rulianda P , Raihan Ar , Sumono  , Gunawan Dani
Published: October 2019

Non-organic farming will deteriorate the land and decrease the total factor productivity, which may result to higher production cost and low crop yield in the long run. However, Indonesian government initiative to become less dependent on non-organic rice farming by encouraging farmer to plant organic rice seems unsuccessful. Nevertheless, the most rice consumed in Indonesia is from non-organic farming. This study uses data envelopment analysis (DEA) based on non-parametric approach to measure technical, allocative and economic efficiency. This study found that pesticide and irrigation is underutilized, but fertilizer and labor are being overutilized. Even though most farmer are technically efficient, better efficient input allocation can improve the efficiency. Organic rice farming is less efficient than non-organic farming due to its low crop yield. Farmer with longer education background tend to be less efficient and more inclination toward planting organic rice.
Smart Nation Initiative: Strategy and Implementation
Authors: Fahmi F , Pranoto H , Lubis MS
Published: October 2019

Population growth due to urbanization raises a variety of typical urban problems such as decreasing the quality of public services, reducing the availability of residential land, congestion on highways, swelling levels of energy consumption, garbage accumulation, increasing crime rates, and other social problems. These problems are not facing only in cities, but also in regencies, provincial and even at the national level. APIC was formed to answer the need for an organization or collaboration that brings together various stakeholders to solve these problems. The collaboration of various stakeholders in one forum that can synergize all potentials by involving all potential to overcome the problems in a smart way. APIC views the need for an ecosystem that consists of human resources, governance, and adequate technology, which is needed to create smart villages, smart cities, smart regencies, smart provinces and at the end: smart nation. Implementing a smart solution starts with solving a small-distributed problem, but it is carried out appropriately and supported by all regional stakeholders thoroughly through synergy. These solutions are implemented in a strategic, gradual, and continuous manner. One of strategic way proposed was The APIC Innovation & Marketplace Hub that will open Supply & Demand of various Smart solutions (cities, public service providers, companies, etc.) that are tested and validated to be implemented. It required sufficient ecosystem to support the hub that is now undergoing and monitored through the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) to show the status of developing smart city.
Ground-state ferrimagnetism and magneto-caloric effects in Nd2NiMnO6
Authors: Das Ranjan , Yanda Premakumar , Sundaresan A , Sarma D D
Published: October 2019

Extending our earlier investigation of magnetic properties of Nd2NiMnO6, we show that it exhibits a magnetic transition below ∼6 K to a ferrimagnetic state. This behavior is interpreted as arising from a long-range ordering of Nd moments antiferromagnetically coupled to the ferromagnetic Ni–Mn ordered moments. Due to the richness of its multiple magnetic transitions and the easily influenced magnetic state by the application of an external magnetic field, established in our earlier study, it has a remarkable inverse magneto-caloric effect (IMCE) at low temperatures (T < 50 K) together with a significant conventional magneto-caloric effect (CMCE) at the ferromagnetic ordering temperature (Tc ∼ 200 K). IMCE and CMCE correspond to the antiferromagnetic arrangement of Nd and Ni–Mn sublattices and ferromagnetic ordering of Ni–Mn sublattices, respectively. Nd2NiMnO6 with its second order phase transition follows the universal behavior of ∆SM(T); it also shows a power law dependency on the magnetic field as

Δ

S

M

∝

H

η

.
Inherited dimorphism in cleistogamous flower production in Portulaca oleracea: a comparison of 16 populations growing under different environmental conditions
Authors: Furukawa Tomoyo , Itagaki Tomoyuki , Murakoshi Noriko , Sakai Satoki
Published: October 2019

Background and Aims

Cleistogamy is considered to be an adaptive strategy resulting in plasticity in CH and CL flower production depending on environmental conditions and plant size. The aim of this study was to investigate whether CH and CL flower production in Portulaca oleracea is genetically differentiated among populations in association with climatic conditions.

Methods

First, we conducted growth experiments with P. oleracea seedlings from 16 populations under two temperature conditions. Second, we sowed seeds originating from the parents in the first experiment and grew the resulting plants to investigate whether flower production is heritable and plants in the same population show the same pattern of flower production.

Key Results

Two types of plants that produced only CH or CL flowers (referred to as CH and CL plants, respectively) were mainly observed, and the growing temperature conditions did not affect flower production. The frequency of CL plants increased with a decrease in the mean temperature in the original population. CL plants tended to begin reproduction earlier than CH plants, and the probability that a CH plant would flower decreased under the low-growing temperature conditions. Thus, CL plants may have some advantages in unfavourable environments in which early reproduction is necessary due to a short growing season and/or CH flowers cannot open due to low temperatures. The progeny originating from CH and CL plants also produced only CH and CL flowers, respectively, suggesting that there is a genetic basis for the dimorphism in flower production in P. oleracea, represented by CH and CL plants.

Conclusions

In contrast to the previous hypothesis that the production of both CH and CL flowers would be plastic, the genotypes producing either CH or CL flowers occurred at different frequencies under varying climatic conditions.
Into-India or out-of-India? Historical biogeography of the freshwater gastropod genus Pila (Caenogastropoda: Ampullariidae)
Authors: Sil Maitreya , Aravind N A , Karanth K Praveen
Published: October 2019

The biota of the Indian subcontinent was assembled through multiple associations with various landmasses during a period spanning the Late Cretaceous to the present. It consists of Gondwanan elements that subsequently dispersed ‘out-of-India’ and biota that dispersed ‘into-India’ after the subcontinent collided with Asia. However, the relative contribution of these connections to the current biotic assembly of the subcontinent has been under-explored. Our aim here was to understand the relative importance of these various routes of biotic assembly in India by studying the historical biogeography of the tropical Old World freshwater snail genus Pila. We reconstructed a near-complete phylogeny, based on nuclear and mitochondrial markers, of Ampullariidae including all the described Pila species from India and Ampullariids worldwide. Thereafter, molecular dating and ancestral range estimation analyses were carried out to ascertain the time frame and route of colonization of India by Pila. The results showed that Pila dispersed into India as well as other parts of tropical Asia from Africa after both India and Africa collided with Eurasia. Furthermore, multiple dispersals took place between Southeast Asia and India. These findings corroborate increasing evidence that much of the current Indian assemblage of biota actually dispersed ‘into-India’ after it collided with Asia.
Living myocardial slices: a novel multicellular model for cardiac translational research
Authors: Perbellini Filippo , Thum Thomas
Published: October 2019

Heart function relies on the interplay of several specialized cell types and a precisely regulated network of chemical and mechanical stimuli. Over the last few decades, this complexity has often been undervalued and progress in translational cardiovascular research has been significantly hindered by the lack of appropriate research models. The data collected are often oversimplified and these make the translation of results from the laboratory to clinical trials challenging and occasionally misleading. Living myocardial slices are ultrathin (100–400μm) sections of living cardiac tissue that maintain the native multicellularity, architecture, and structure of the heart and can provide information at a cellular/subcellular level. They overcome most of the limitations that affect other in vitro models and they can be prepared from human specimens, proving a clinically relevant multicellular human model for translational cardiovascular research. The publication of a reproducible protocol, and the rapid progress in methodological and technological discoveries which prevent significant structural and functional changes associated with chronic in vitro culture, has overcome the last barrier for the in vitro use of this human multicellular preparations. This technology can bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo human studies and has the potential to revolutionize translational research approaches.
The parC mutation G248T (S83I), and concurrent gyrA mutations, are associated with moxifloxacin and sitafloxacin treatment failure for Mycoplasma genitalium
Authors: Murray Gerald L , Bodiyabadu Kaveesha , Danielewski Jennifer , Garland Suzanne M , Machalek Dorothy A , Fairley Christopher K , Jensen Jørgen S , Williamson Deborah A , Tan Lit Y , Mokany Elisa , Durukan Duygu , Bradshaw Catriona S
Published: October 2019

Background

The basis of fluoroquinolone treatment failure for Mycoplasma genitalium is poorly understood.

Methods

To identify mutations associated with failure we sequenced key regions of the M. genitalium parC and gyrA genes for patients undergoing sequential therapy with doxycycline-moxifloxacin (201 patients, including 21 failures) or doxycycline-sitafloxacin (126 patients, including 13 failures).

Results

The parC G248T/S83I mutation was more common among patients who failed sequential doxycycline-moxifloxacin (present in 76.2% of failures vs 7.8% cures, p<0.001) and doxycycline-sitafloxacin (50% failures vs 16.8% cures, p = 0.014). Doxycycline-sitafloxacin was more efficacious than doxycycline-moxifloxacin against infections carrying the ParC S83I mutation. Infections with a ParC S83I were more likely to fail treatment with a concurrent gyrA mutation (M95I or D99N) (for doxycycline- moxifloxacin group p = 0.067, for doxycycline-sitafloxacin group p = 0.0093), suggesting an additive effect.

Conclusions

This study indicates that parC G248T/S83I mutations contribute to failure of moxifloxacin and sitafloxacin, and will inform the development of quinolone resistance assays needed to ensure optimal selection of antimicrobials for M. genitalium.
Evaluation of a Single-Dose Nucleoside-Modified Messenger RNA Vaccine Encoding Hendra Virus-Soluble Glycoprotein Against Lethal Nipah virus Challenge in Syrian Hamsters
Authors: Lo Michael K , Spengler Jessica R , Welch Stephen R , Harmon Jessica R , Coleman-McCray JoAnn D , Scholte Florine E M , Shrivastava-Ranjan Punya , Montgomery Joel M , Nichol Stuart T , Weissman Drew , Spiropoulou Christina F
Published: October 2019

In the absence of approved vaccines and therapeutics for use in humans, Nipah virus (NiV) continues to cause fatal outbreaks of encephalitis and respiratory disease in Bangladesh and India on a near-annual basis. We determined that a single dose of a lipid nanoparticle nucleoside-modified messenger RNA vaccine encoding the soluble Hendra virus glycoprotein protected up to 70% of Syrian hamsters from lethal NiV challenge, despite animals having suboptimally primed immune responses before challenge. These data provide a foundation from which to optimize future messenger RNA vaccination studies against NiV and other highly pathogenic viruses.
Persistent colonization of non-lymphoid tissue-resident macrophages by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Authors: Takahashi Ichiro , Hosomi Koji , Nagatake Takahiro , Toubou Hirokazu , Yamamoto Daiki , Hayashi Ikue , Kurashima Yosuke , Sato Shintaro , Shibata Naoko , Goto Yoshiyuki , Maruyama Fumito , Nakagawa Ichiro , Kuwae Asaomi , Abe Akio , Kunisawa Jun , Kiyono Hiroshi
Published: October 2019

Accumulating evidence has revealed that lymphoid tissue-resident commensal bacteria (e.g. Alcaligenes spp.) survive within dendritic cells. We extended our previous study by investigating microbes that persistently colonize colonic macrophages. 16S rRNA-based metagenome analysis using DNA purified from murine colonic macrophages revealed the presence of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The in situ intracellular colonization by S. maltophilia was recapitulated in vitro by using bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Co-culture of BMDMs with clinically isolated S. maltophilia led to increased mitochondrial respiration and robust IL-10 production. We further identified a 25-kDa protein encoded by the gene assigned as smlt2713 (recently renamed as SMLT_RS12935) and secreted by S. maltophilia as the factor responsible for enhanced IL-10 production by BMDMs. IL-10 production is critical for maintenance of the symbiotic condition, because intracellular colonization by S. maltophilia was impaired in IL-10-deficient BMDMs, and smlt2713-deficient S. maltophilia failed to persistently colonize IL-10-competent BMDMs. These findings indicate a novel commensal network between colonic macrophages and S. maltophilia that is mediated by IL-10 and smlt2713.
Developing a scalable FHIR-based clinical data normalization pipeline for standardizing and integrating unstructured and structured electronic health record data
Authors: Hong Na , Wen Andrew , Shen Feichen , Sohn Sunghwan , Wang Chen , Liu Hongfang , Jiang Guoqian
Published: October 2019

Objective

To design, develop, and evaluate a scalable clinical data normalization pipeline for standardizing unstructured electronic health record (EHR) data leveraging the HL7 Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) specification.

Methods

We established an FHIR-based clinical data normalization pipeline known as NLP2FHIR that mainly comprises: (1) a module for a core natural language processing (NLP) engine with an FHIR-based type system; (2) a module for integrating structured data; and (3) a module for content normalization. We evaluated the FHIR modeling capability focusing on core clinical resources such as Condition, Procedure, MedicationStatement (including Medication), and FamilyMemberHistory using Mayo Clinic’s unstructured EHR data. We constructed a gold standard reusing annotation corpora from previous NLP projects.

Results

A total of 30 mapping rules, 62 normalization rules, and 11 NLP-specific FHIR extensions were created and implemented in the NLP2FHIR pipeline. The elements that need to integrate structured data from each clinical resource were identified. The performance of unstructured data modeling achieved F scores ranging from 0.69 to 0.99 for various FHIR element representations (0.69–0.99 for Condition; 0.75–0.84 for Procedure; 0.71–0.99 for MedicationStatement; and 0.75–0.95 for FamilyMemberHistory).

Conclusion

We demonstrated that the NLP2FHIR pipeline is feasible for modeling unstructured EHR data and integrating structured elements into the model. The outcomes of this work provide standards-based tools of clinical data normalization that is indispensable for enabling portable EHR-driven phenotyping and large-scale data analytics, as well as useful insights for future developments of the FHIR specifications with regard to handling unstructured clinical data.
Patient-Awareness Survey: Do Breast Implants Affect the Acquisition and Accuracy of Screening Mammography?
Authors: Robinson Kristin A , Gray Richard J , Tanna Aneri , Kosiorek Heidi E , Butterfield Richard J , Palmieri Jennifer M , McDonough Mary Ann T , Rebecca Alanna M , Patel Bhavika K
Published: October 2019

Objective

Breast implant augmentation is the most common cosmetic surgical procedure performed in the United States. The purpose of this study was to determine if patients with breast augmentation surgery are aware of the effect of breast implants on the mammographic detection of cancer.

Methods

An institutional review board exempt patient awareness survey was distributed at a single breast imaging facility to women undergoing screening mammography. Comparative statistical analyses were performed between patients with and without breast implants.

Results

The respondents were divided into three groups: no prior breast surgery (74%; 524/711), breast surgery with implants (21%; 152/711), and breast surgery without implants (5%; 35/711). Patients with breast implants were more aware that implants decrease the amount of breast tissue seen on a mammogram (75%; 105/141) and that implants result in the need for more mammogram views (70%; 103/147), as compared with patients with no surgery (46%; 221/484 and 31%; 147/478, respectively) (P < 0.001). More women with breast implants reported learning from breast imaging staff rather than from their surgeon that implants decrease the amount of breast tissue seen on a mammogram (46%; 49/106 vs. 38%; 40/106). Of 137 respondents, 35% (n = 48) reported that the effect of implants on their mammogram was discussed preoperatively. Of those who did not recall a preoperative discussion, 42% (16/38) indicated this knowledge would have factored into their decision to get breast implants.

Conclusion

This study highlights an opportunity for providers to engage in more education and shared decision-making with patients considering breast augmentation surgery to ensure preoperative counseling includes discussion of the effect of implants on mammography.
Could International Fact-Finding Missions Possibly Render a Case Inadmissible for the ICC? Remarks on the Ongoing Attempts to Include International Criminal Law in Fact-finding
Authors: de Vries Barry
Published: October 2019

Twenty years after the adoption of the Rome Statute questions concerning complementarity remain. There is no clear indication as to how international involvement would influence the admissibility of a case. One of the responses to human rights violations and possible international crimes that has risen to prominence in the past decades is fact-finding mandated by UN organs. At the same time these mechanisms have started to incorporate a focus on issues of international criminal law and individual criminal responsibility. As these mechanisms are starting to attempt to resemble a criminal investigation in some regards the question starts to rise as to what effect an international fact-finding mechanism can have on the admissibility of a case before the International Criminal Court. This article explains how these mechanisms need to be viewed in the context of the complementarity-regime of the Rome Statute.
An underground economy
Authors: Lovatt Anna
Published: October 2019

The art collection of the German–American sculptor Ruth Vollmer (1903–1982) consisted primarily of gifts or exchanges with other artists, which were meticulously arranged in her New York apartment. Provisional and eccentric, these objects were often anomalous in the practices of the artists who produced them, and were not necessarily intended for public display. Drawing on sociologist David Cheal’s description of the gift economy as ‘a system of action which is characterized by the principle of redundancy’, this article argues that the objects collected by Vollmer were doubly ‘redundant’, being playful or throwaway experiments that were recuperated as gifts. Despite their marginal status in art history, however, the objects Vollmer collected can be interpreted as manifestations of the interpersonal relationships that she cultivated in her own artistic practice, and in the diasporic ‘salons’ she hosted at her home in the aftermath of World War II.
Transcription factor CaNAC1 regulates low-temperature-induced phospholipid degradation in green bell pepper
Authors: Kong Xi-man , Zhou Qian , Zhou Xin , Wei Bao-dong , Ji Shu-juan
Published: October 2019

Phospholipids constitute the main component of biomembranes. During low-temperature storage and transportation of harvested bell peppers, chilling injury participates in pepper decay. A primary cause of pepper chilling injury is phospholipid degradation. In this study, three phospholipase D (PLD)-encoding genes were identified from bell peppers and their activity were analyzed under cold stress. Low temperatures induced strong accumulation of the CaPLDα4 transcript, suggesting that this induction contributes to the phenomenon of phospholipid degradation and cell membrane destruction at 4°C. Low temperatures also significantly induced the transcript amounts of NAM-ATAF1/2-CUC2 (NAC) domain transcription factor. CaNAC1 was found to possess the capacity to interact with the promoter of CaPLD4 in a yeast one-hybrid screen. Furthermore, electrophoretic mobility shift and ß-glucuronidase reporter assays demonstrated that CaNAC1 binds to the CTGCAG motif in the CaPLDα4 promoter, thereby activating its transcription and controlling phospholipid degradation. The ubiquitination sites of the CaNAC1 protein were also characterized by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry. In conclusion, CaNAC1 is a transcriptional activator of CaPLDα4 and is suggested to participate in membrane lipid degradation of bell peppers when stored at low temperature.
Jewish Nationalism and Indifference between Posen and Poznań: The Jewish People’s Council, 1918–1920*
Authors: Rybak Jan
Published: October 2019

This article analyses the role of the Jüdischer Volksrat—the Jewish People’s Council—in Posen/Poznań between 1918 and 1920. In establishing this institution, Zionist activists gained a significant amount of influence in a traditionally German-acculturated Jewish space during the period of transition from German to Polish rule in the city. Claiming to represent the city’s ‘third nation’ and making demands for Jewish national autonomy, the Jüdischer Volksrat was instrumental in reshaping intercommunity relations and the Jews’ place in society, winning the support of sizeable sections of the Jewish population. This article argues that these successes can be attributed not to the reception of grand ideological concepts of Jewish nationalism, but rather to the fact that Jüdischer Volksrat activists played a central role in people’s everyday lives. They provided economic support, food deliveries, legal aid, and collective security, thereby placing themselves at the centre of the community. The article shows, however, that contrary to activists’ hopes, support for the Volksrat did not necessarily mean an immediate acceptance of Jewish-national concepts. As the debates around the establishment of a Jewish school illustrate, support for national claims and institutions was primarily situational and related to immediate local pressures.
What is the physics behind the Larson mass–size relation?
Authors: Ballesteros-Paredes J , Román-Zúñiga C , Salomé Q , Zamora-Avilés M , Jiménez-Donaire M J
Published: October 2019

Different studies have reported a power-law mass–size relation M ∝ Rq for ensembles of molecular clouds. In the case of nearby clouds, the index of the power-law q is close to 2. However, for clouds spread all over the Galaxy, indexes larger than 2 are reported. We show that indexes larger than 2 could be the result of line-of-sight superposition of emission that does not belong to the cloud itself. We found that a random factor of gas contamination, between 0.001 per cent and 10 per cent of the line of sight, allows to reproduce the mass–size relation with q ∼ 2.2–2.3 observed in Galactic CO surveys. Furthermore, for dense cores within a single cloud, or molecular clouds within a single galaxy, we argue that, even in these cases, there is observational and theoretical evidence that some degree of superposition may be occurring. However, additional effects may be present in each case, and are briefly discussed. We also argue that defining the fractal dimension of clouds via the mass–size relation is not adequate, since the mass is not necessarily a proxy to the area, and the size reported in M−R relations is typically obtained from the square root of the area, rather than from an estimation of the size independent from the area. Finally, we argue that the statistical analysis of finding clouds satisfying the Larson’s relations does not mean that each individual cloud is in virial equilibrium.
Fractional polarization of extragalactic sources in the 500 deg2 SPTpol survey
Authors: Gupta N , Reichardt C L , Ade P A R , Anderson A J , Archipley M , Austermann J E , Avva J S , Beall J A , Bender A N , Benson B A , Bianchini F , Bleem L E , Carlstrom J E , Chang C L , Chiang H C , Citron R , Moran C Corbett , Crawford T M , Crites A T , de Haan T , Dobbs M A , Everett W , Feng C , Gallicchio J , George E M , Gilbert A , Halverson N W , Harrington N , Henning J W , Hilton G C , Holder G P , Holzapfel W L , Hou Z , Hrubes J D , Huang N , Hubmayr J , Irwin K D , Knox L , Lee A T , Li D , Lowitz A , Luong-Van D , Marrone D P , McMahon J J , Meyer S S , Mocanu L M , Mohr J J , Montgomery J , Nadolski A , Natoli T , Nibarger J P , Noble G I , Novosad V , Padin S , Patil S , Pryke C , Ruhl J E , Saliwanchik B R , Sayre J T , Schaffer K K , Shirokoff E , Sievers C , Smecher G , Staniszewski Z , Stark A A , Story K T , Switzer E R , Tucker C , Vanderlinde K , Veach T , Vieira J D , Wang G , Whitehorn N , Williamson R , Wu W L K , Yefremenko V , Zhang L
Published: October 2019

We study the polarization properties of extragalactic sources at 95 and 150 GHz in the SPTpol 500 deg2 survey. We estimate the polarized power by stacking maps at known source positions, and correct for noise bias by subtracting the mean polarized power at random positions in the maps. We show that the method is unbiased using a set of simulated maps with similar noise properties to the real SPTpol maps. We find a flux-weighted mean-squared polarization fraction 〈p2〉 = [8.9 ± 1.1] × 10−4 at 95 GHz and [6.9 ± 1.1] × 10−4 at 150 GHz for the full sample. This is consistent with the values obtained for a subsample of active galactic nuclei. For dusty sources, we find 95 per cent upper limits of 〈p2〉95 < 16.9 × 10−3 and 〈p2〉150 < 2.6 × 10−3. We find no evidence that the polarization fraction depends on the source flux or observing frequency. The 1σ upper limit on measured mean-squared polarization fraction at 150 GHz implies that extragalactic foregrounds will be subdominant to the CMB E and B mode polarization power spectra out to at least ℓ ≲ 5700 (ℓ ≲ 4700) and ℓ ≲ 5300 (ℓ ≲ 3600), respectively, at 95 (150) GHz.
Discovery of a new WZ Sagittae-type cataclysmic variable in the Kepler/K2 data
Authors: Ridden-Harper R , Tucker B E , Garnavich P , Rest A , Margheim S , Shaya E J , Littlefield C , Barensten G , Hedges C , Gully-Santiago M
Published: October 2019

We identify a new, bright transient in the K2/Kepler Campaign 11 field. Its light curve rises over 7 mag in a day and then declines 3 mag over a month before quickly fading another 2 mag. The transient was still detectable at the end of the campaign. The light curve is consistent with a WZ Sge-type dwarf nova outburst. Early superhumps with a period of 82 min are seen in the first 10 days and suggest that this is the orbital period of the binary, which is typical for the WZ Sge class. Strong superhump oscillations develop 10 days after peak brightness with periods ranging between 83 and 84 min. At 25 days after the peak brightness a bump in the light curve appears to signal a subtle rebrightening phase implying that this was an unusual type-A outburst. This is the only WZ Sge-type system observed by K2/Kepler during an outburst. The early rise of this outburst is well fitted with a broken power law. In first 10 h, the system brightened linearly and then transitioned to a steep rise with a power-law index of 4.8. Looking at archival K2/Kepler data and new TESS observations, a linear rise in the first several hours at the initiation of a superoutburst appears to be common in SU Ursa Majoris stars.
The rotational profiles of cluster galaxies
Authors: Bilton Lawrence E , Hunt Matthew , Pimbblet Kevin A , Roediger Elke
Published: October 2019

We compile two samples of cluster galaxies with complimentary hydrodynamic and N-body analysis using flash code to ascertain how their differing populations drive their rotational profiles and to better understand their dynamical histories. We select our main cluster sample from the X-ray Galaxy Clusters Database (BAX), which are populated with Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) galaxies. The BAX clusters are tested for the presence of substructures, acting as proxies for core mergers, culminating in sub-samples of eight merging and 25 non-merging galaxy clusters. An additional sample of 12 galaxy clusters with known dumbbell components is procured using galaxy data from the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) to compare against more extreme environments. BAX clusters of each sample are stacked on to a common RA–Dec. space to produce rotational profiles within the range of 0.0–2.5 r200. Merging stacks possess stronger core rotation at ≲0.5r200 primarily contributed by a red galaxy sub-population from relaxing core mergers; this is alongside high rotational velocities from blue galaxy sub-populations, until they mix and homogenize with the red sub-populations at ∼r200, indicative of an infalling blue galaxy sub-population with interactive mixing between both sub-populations at ≳ r200. flash code is utilized to simulate the merger phase between two originally independent clusters and test the evolution of their rotational profiles. Comparisons with the dumbbell clusters leads to the inference that the peculiar core rotations of some dumbbell clusters are the result of the linear motions of core galaxies relaxing on to the potential during post second infall.
New outburst from the luminous supersoft source SSS1 in NGC 300 with periodic modulation
Authors: Carpano S , Haberl F , Maitra C
Published: October 2019

The nearby galaxy NGC 300 is hosting two luminous transient supersoft X-ray sources with bolometric luminosities above 3 × 1038 erg s−1, assuming simple blackbody spectra with temperatures around 60–70 eV. For one of these, SSS1, a periodic modulation of 5.4 h was observed in an XMM–Newton observation from 2001 January 1 lasting 47 ks, but not visible six days earlier when the luminosity was higher. We report here the detection of a new outburst from this source, which occurred during two more recent XMM–Newton observations performed on 2016 December 17–20 lasting for 310 ks. The luminosity was similar as in 2000 December, and the 0.2–2.0 keV light curve revealed again a periodic modulation, with a period of 4.68 ± 0.26 h, significant only in the first of the two observations. Taking into account the large uncertainties (the 2001 period was re-estimated at 5.7 ± 1.1 h), the two values could be marginally compatible, and maybe associated with an orbital period, although the signal strength is highly variable. Due to the new long exposures, an additional absorption feature is now visible in the spectra, which we modelled with an absorption edge. This component decreases the bolometric luminosity below 3 × 1038 erg s−1 and would therefore allow the presence of a white dwarf with a mass close to the Chandrasekhar limit. The system was found in outburst in 1992, 2000, 2008, and 2016 suggesting a possible recurrence period of about eight years. We discuss viable models involving white dwarfs, neutron stars, or black holes.
On the accuracy of symplectic integrators for secularly evolving planetary systems
Authors: Rein Hanno , Brown Garett , Tamayo Daniel
Published: October 2019

Symplectic integrators have made it possible to study the long-term evolution of planetary systems with direct N-body simulations. In this paper we reassess the accuracy of such simulations by running a convergence test on 20 Myr integrations of the Solar System using various symplectic integrators. We find that the specific choice of metric for determining a simulation’s accuracy is important. Only looking at metrics related to integrals of motions such as the energy error can overestimate the accuracy of a method. As one specific example, we show that symplectic correctors do not improve the accuracy of secular frequencies compared to the standard Wisdom–Holman method without symplectic correctors, despite the fact that the energy error is three orders of magnitudes smaller. We present a framework to trace the origin of this apparent paradox to one term in the shadow Hamiltonian. Specifically, we find a term that leads to negligible contributions to the energy error but introduces non-oscillatory errors that result in artificial periastron precession. This term is the dominant error when determining secular frequencies of the system. We show that higher order symplectic methods such as the Wisdom–Holman method with a modified kernel or the SABAC family of integrators perform significantly better in secularly evolving systems because they remove this specific term.
Comparing galaxy clustering in Horizon-AGN simulated light-cone mocks and VIDEO observations
Authors: Hatfield P W , Laigle C , Jarvis M J , Devriendt J , Davidzon I , Ilbert O , Pichon C , Dubois Y
Published: October 2019

Hydrodynamical cosmological simulations have recently made great advances in reproducing galaxy mass assembly over cosmic time – as often quantified from the comparison of their predicted stellar mass functions to observed stellar mass functions from data. In this paper, we compare the clustering of galaxies from the hydrodynamical cosmological simulated light-cone Horizon-AGN to clustering measurements from the VIDEO survey observations. Using mocks built from a VIDEO-like photometry, we first explore the bias introduced into clustering measurements by using stellar masses and redshifts derived from spectral energy distribution fitting, rather than the intrinsic values. The propagation of redshift and mass statistical and systematic uncertainties in the clustering measurements causes us to underestimate the clustering amplitude. We then find that clustering and halo occupation distribution (HOD) modelling results are qualitatively similar in Horizon-AGN and VIDEO. However, at low stellar masses, Horizon-AGN underestimates the observed clustering by up to a factor of ∼3, reflecting the known excess stellar mass to halo mass ratio for Horizon-AGN low-mass haloes, already discussed in previous works. This reinforces the need for stronger regulation of star formation in low-mass haloes in the simulation. Finally, the comparison of the stellar mass to halo mass ratio in the simulated catalogue, inferred from angular clustering, to that directly measured from the simulation validates HOD modelling of clustering as a probe of the galaxy–halo connection.
Quasar and galaxy classification in Gaia Data Release 2
Authors: Bailer-Jones Coryn A L , Fouesneau Morgan , Andrae Rene
Published: October 2019

We construct a supervised classifier based on Gaussian Mixture Models to probabilistically classify objects in Gaia data release 2 (GDR2) using only photometric and astrometric data in that release. The model is trained empirically to classify objects into three classes – star, quasar, galaxy – for G ≥ 14.5 mag down to the Gaia magnitude limit of G = 21.0 mag. Galaxies and quasars are identified for the training set by a cross-match to objects with spectroscopic classifications from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Stars are defined directly from GDR2. When allowing for the expectation that quasars are 500 times rarer than stars, and galaxies 7500 times rarer than stars (the class imbalance problem), samples classified with a threshold probability of 0.5 are predicted to have purities of 0.43 for quasars and 0.28 for galaxies, and completenesses of 0.58 and 0.72, respectively. The purities can be increased up to 0.60 by adopting a higher threshold. Not accounting for this expected low frequency of extragalactic objects (the class prior) would give both erroneously optimistic performance predictions and severely impure samples. Applying our model to all 1.20 billion objects in GDR2 with the required features, we classify 2.3 million objects as quasars and 0.37 million objects as galaxies (with individual probabilities above 0.5). The small number of galaxies is due to the strong bias of the satellite detection algorithm and on-ground data selection against extended objects. We infer the true number of quasars and galaxies – as these classes are defined by our training set – to be 690 000 and 110 000, respectively (±50 per cent). The aim of this work is to see how well extragalactic objects can be classified using only GDR2 data. Better classifications should be possible with the low resolution spectroscopy (BP/RP) planned for GDR3.
More than just a wrinkle: a wave-like pattern in Ug versus Lz from Gaia data
Authors: Friske Jennifer K S , Schönrich Ralph
Published: October 2019

We present a newly found wave-like pattern in mean Galactocentric radial velocity ${\overline{U}_\mathrm{ g}}$ versus guiding centre radius Rg or angular momentum Lz of stars in the RV subsample of Gaia DR2. The short-wave pattern has a wavelength of order $1.2 \, {\rm kpc}$ in Rg or $285 \, {\rm kpc}\, {\rm km}\, {\rm s}^{-1}$ in Lz. The pattern shows only weak changes with Galactocentric radius R and little change in strength in particular with the vertical energy Ez of the stars or the distance to the Galactic plane |z|. The pattern is to first order symmetric around the plane, i.e. has no significant odd terms in z. There is a weak phase shift with the pattern moving towards slightly lower Lz (i.e. trailing) with |z| and Ez. However, we observe a highly significant phase shift in Galactic azimuth ϕ, which is different for different peaks. The peak around $L_{z}\sim 2100 \, {\rm kpc}\, {\rm km}\, {\rm s}^{-1}$ only shows a weak change with ϕ, while the rest of the pattern shows a clearly detectable shift of $\text{d} L_{z}/\text{d} \phi = (200 \pm 22) \, {\rm kpc}\, {\rm km}\, {\rm s}^{-1}\, {\rm rad}^{-1}$. If we consider all peaks to belong to the same pattern, this would suggest a wavenumber m = 4. We further find that the wave-like pattern in Ug appears to be related to the ${\overline{W}}$ versus Lz pattern detected in Gaia DR1. A comparison of the ${\overline{U}_\mathrm{ g}}\!-\!L_{z}$ wave pattern with changes of ${\overline{U}_\mathrm{ g}}$ versus R, which have been previously discussed, suggests that the latter can be understood as just the ${\overline{U}_\mathrm{ g}}\!-\!L_{z}$ pattern washed out by blurring (i.e. orbital excursions around their guiding centre) of disc stars.
Deep GMRT 610 MHz observations of the ELAIS N1 field: catalogue and source counts
Authors: Ocran E F , Taylor A R , Vaccari M , Ishwara-Chandra C H , Prandoni I
Published: October 2019

This is the first of a series of papers based on sensitive 610 MHz observations of the ELAIS N1 field, using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope. We describe the observations, processing and source catalogue extraction from a deep image with area of 1.86 deg2 and minimum noise of ∼7.1 μJy beam−1. We compile a catalogue of 4290 sources with flux densities in the range of 28.9 μJy– 0.503 Jy and derive the Euclidean-normalized differential source counts for sources with flux densities brighter than $\rm {35.5\, \mu Jy}$. Our counts show a flattening at 610 MHz flux densities below 1 mJy. Below the break the counts are higher than previous observations at this frequency, but generally consistent with recent models of the low-frequency source population. The radio catalogue is cross-matched against multiwavelength data leading to identifications for 92 per cent and reliable redshifts for 72 per cent of our sample, with 19 per cent of the redshifts based on spectroscopy. For the sources with redshifts, we use radio and X-ray luminosity, optical spectroscopy and mid-infrared colours to search for evidence of the presence of an active galactic nucleus (AGN). We compare our identifications to predictions of the flux density distributions of star-forming galaxies (SFGs) and AGN, and find a good agreement assuming the majority of the sources without redshifts are SFGs. We derive spectral index distributions for a sub-sample. The majority of the sources are steep spectra, with a median spectral index that steepens with frequency: $\mathrm{\alpha ^{610}_{325}\, =\, -0.80\, \pm \, 0.29}$, $\mathrm{\alpha ^{610}_{1400}\, =\, -0.83\, \pm \, 0.31}$, and $\mathrm{\alpha ^{610}_{5000}\, =\, -1.12\, \pm \, 0.15}$.