bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organocatalytic cationic degenerate chain transfer polymerization of vinyl ethers with excellent temporal control
Authors: Yang Zan , Xiao Wenpei , Zhang Xun , Liao Saihu
Published: April 2022

A photo-controlled cationic degenerate chain transfer polymerization of vinyl ethers has been developed by using a bisphosphonium organophotocatalyst.
Direct access to 2-aryl-3-cyanothiophenes by a base-catalyzed one-pot two-step three-component reaction of chalcones with benzoylacetonitriles and elemental sulfur
Authors: Lai Nang Duy , Nguyen Thu Trang , Nguyen Nhu Ngan Ha , Retailleau Pascal , Mac Dinh Hung , Nguyen Thanh Binh
Published: April 2022

3-Cyanothiophenes could be obtainedviaa three-component reaction of chalcones with benzoylacetonitriles and sulfur.
First stereoselective total synthesis of 4(S),5(S)-oxido-17(S)-hydroxy-6(E),8(E),10(Z),13(Z),15(E),19(Z)-docosahexaenoic acid, the biosynthetic precursor of resolvins D3 and D4
Authors: Nshimiyimana Robert , Lam Ting Fung , Aggarwal Shubhangi , Serhan Charles N. , Petasis Nicos A.
Published: April 2022

The first stereocontrolled total synthesis of 4(S),5(S)-oxido-17(S)-hydroxy-6(E),8(E),10(Z),13(Z),15(E),19(Z)-docosahexaenoic acid (1) is reported.
Photocatalytic C(sp3) radical generationviaC–H, C–C, and C–X bond cleavage
Authors: Huang Chia-Yu , Li Jianbin , Li Chao-Jun
Published: April 2022

C(sp3) radicals (R˙) are of broad research interest and synthetic utility.
Self-assembled molecular nanowires on prepatterned Ge(001) surfaces
Authors: Lyu Jing , Wong Zicong Marvin , Sun Haicheng , Yang Shuo-Wang , Xu Guo Qin
Published: April 2022

We reported a strategy for the self-assembly of molecular nanowires (NWs) on Ge(001) surfaces.
Design and synthesis of stable four-coordinated benzotriazole-borane with tunable fluorescence emission
Authors: Tang Qi , Li Shi-Jun , Ye Xiaohan , Yuan Teng , Zhao Kai , He Ying , Shan Chuan , Wojtas Lukasz , Richardson David , Lan Yu , Shi Xiaodong
Published: April 2022

A new class of benzotriazole-boranes was developed via gold-catalyzed alkyne hydroboration. The facile synthesis, excellent stability, strong and tunable fluorescence emission make BTAB new fluorescent probes for chemical and biological applications.
Au supported defect free TS-1 for enhanced performance of gas phase propylene epoxidation with H2 and O2
Authors: Li Wenqian , Qiu Minghuang , Li Wanting , Ge Lixia , Zhang Kun , Chen Xinqing
Published: April 2022

A facile strategy for the synthesis of a high quality TS-1 zeolite without anatase Ti species via a hydrothermal method using urea as a mineralizer was reported, which exhibits excellent performance in the direct gas phase epoxidation of propylene.
Visible-light-induced enzymatic reactions using an NADH regeneration system of water-soluble zinc porphyrin and homogeneous colloidal rhodium nanoparticles
Authors: Katagiri Takayuki , Amao Yutaka
Published: April 2022

Visible-light-driven molecular conversion using the NADH regeneration system of triethanol amine, water-soluble zinc porphyrin, colloidal Rh nanoparticles and NAD+ in the presence of various dehydrogenases was developed.
Adhesion advances: from nanomaterials to biomimetic adhesion and applications
Authors: Xiao Zuobing , Zhao Qixuan , Niu Yunwei , Zhao Di
Published: April 2022

Nanotechnology has an important impact on adhesion. In addition to nano-fillers, bio-adhesion systems based on unique structures have greatly inspired biomimetic adhesion. The application field of adhesion technology has also been expanded.
Dicyclopentadithienothiophene (DCDTT)-based organic semiconductor assisted grain boundary passivation for highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Afraj Shakil N. , Velusamy Arulmozhi , Chen Chung-Yu , Ni Jen-Shyang , Ezhumalai Yamuna , Pan Chun-Huang , Chen Kuan-Yu , Yau Shueh-Lin , Liu Cheng-Liang , Chiang Chien-Hung , Wu Chun-Guey , Chen Ming-Chou
Published: April 2022

New dicyclopentadithienothiophene (DCDTT) based non-fullerene acceptors 1–3 are introduced into PSC films. The INCl-DCDTT−perovskite hybrid film exhibits an excellent power conversion efficiency of 21.39%.
Interfacial engineering in amorphous/crystalline heterogeneous nanostructures as a highly effective battery-type electrode for hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Gao Dongyan , Pan Yifan , Wei Jinhe , Han Dandan , Xu Pengcheng , Wei Yen , Mao Liucheng , Yin Xiaohong
Published: April 2022

Hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs) as a novel electronic device for electrical energy storage have attractive prospects due to their high specific power and fast charge/discharge rates.
Perovskites: weaving a network of knowledge beyond photovoltaics
Authors: Aranda Clara A. , Byranvand Mahdi Malekshahi , Essig Stephanie , Saliba Michael
Published: April 2022

In this review we highlight the benefits of perovskites beyond photovoltaic technology, focusing on their use as lasers, light-emitting diodes or sensors, including technologies such as gamma-ray detection or aerospace applications.
Recent strategies for improving hemocompatibility and endothelialization of cardiovascular devices and inhibition of intimal hyperplasia
Authors: Feng Li-An , Shi Jie , Guo Jing-Yue , Wang Shu-Fang
Published: April 2022

This review focuses on the recently developed strategies for improving the hemocompatibility and endothelialization of cardiovascular devices, as well as inhibiting intimal hyperplasia. The challenges and future perspectives are briefly discussed.
Advances in ultrasound-responsive hydrogels for biomedical applications
Authors: Zhou Yuan , Liu Guiting , Guo Shaoyun
Published: April 2022

Ultrasound-responsive hydrogels have shown irreplaceable application prospects due to their non-invasive, safe, controllable response characteristics. Herein, we summarize the recent advances in ultrasound-responsive hydrogels for biomedical applications.
An efficient photothermal–chemotherapy platform based on a polyacrylamide/phytic acid/polydopamine hydrogel
Authors: Zhao Zhen , Zhang Hua , Chen Hongda , Xu Yuanhong , Ma Lina , Wang Zhenxin
Published: April 2022

An effective platform for chemophotothermal therapy based on a polyacrylamide/phytic acid/polydopamine hydrogel was constructed and applied to tumor treatment with its highly efficient drug loading and photothermal heating properties.
A unique electronic state in a ferromagnetic semiconductor FeCl2 monolayer
Authors: Lu Di , Liu Lu , Ma Yaozhenghang , Yang Ke , Wu Hua
Published: April 2022

The FeCl2 monolayer: an appealing 2D ferromagnetic semiconductor with strong strain tunability.
Formation of magnetic anionic electrons by hole doping
Authors: He Jingyu , Chen Yuanzheng , Wang Zishen , Yang Ming , Yang Tong , Shen Lei , Xu Xiaoguang , Jiang Yong , Chai Jianwei , Wong Lai Mun , Wang Shijie , Feng Yuan Ping , Zhou Jun
Published: April 2022

Gate-controlled electrostatic doping induces a spontaneous spin splitting of the anionic electrons in nonmagnetic semiconducting monolayer ZrCl2, enabling electric-field controllable magnetism in electrenes.
Stable freestanding two-dimensional anionic electrons in YCl with extremely weak interlayer interaction
Authors: Fang Zhenghui , Wang Xuguang , Cao Xinyu , Yang Hao , Yin Feifei , Liu Kai , Zhang Xiao
Published: April 2022

The 2D vdW electride material YCl with a halogen-metal-halogen sandwich-like structure has been demonstrated for the first time to exhibit weak interlayer interactions as well as to have a stable anionic electron layer encapsulated within layers.
Recent advances in the controlled chemical vapor deposition growth of bilayer 2D single crystals
Authors: Han Ziyi , Zhang Ruijie , Li Menghan , Li Lin , Geng Dechao , Hu Wenping
Published: April 2022

Recent advances in the controllable growth of bilayer 2D single crystals via the chemical vapor deposition method are comprehensively presented.
Clinical Impact of Research: Introduction to the Forum
Authors: Spencer Trina D.
Published: April 2022

Purpose:

In communication sciences and disorders (CSD), clinical impact is paramount. Without clinical impact of research, evidence-based practice is not possible. Unfortunately, clinical impact of research is often overlooked or underappreciated. The purpose of this forum is to provide guidance to current and future CSD researchers about how to maximize the clinical impact of their research. A secondary purpose is to increase researchers’ and their institutions’ awareness of the importance of clinical impact and the need to document it for tenure and promotion. The prologue introduces four articles that cover topics related to clinical practice research, knowledge brokering, disseminating via social media, and documenting impact for promotion.
Apple appearance quality classification method based on double branch feature fusion network
Authors: Yin Ji‐zhe , Geng Lei , Guo Yong‐min , Huang Ya‐long , Song Ye , Zhao Heng
Published: April 2022

This paper carried out a classification study on the quality of different types of apples. In order to achieve a high‐precision classification of high‐quality apples in various dimensions, shorten the classification time, improve efficiency, and make it feasible for practical applications. This paper proposes an automatic recognition and classification model OB‐Net (for apple appearance quality) based on a dual‐branch structure. The model consists of two branches, an O branch and a B branch. The O branch extracts the shape and contour features of the apple surface defect by decomposing the feature map into high and low frequencies. The B branch extracts the shape size and texture characteristics of the apple surface defect by fusing channel attention and spatial attention mechanisms; this is done to further increase the feature distance between different types of defects. Experimental results show that the classification accuracy rates of rot, insect bites, russeting, scratches, and intact apples are 95.65%, 98.17%, 94.62%, 92.02% and 97.67%, respectively; the overall classification and recognition accuracy rate reaches 95.64%. Finally, the three aspects of the feature map, heat map and category probability statistics map extracted from the OB‐Net network model prove the validity of the network model in the classification of apple appearance quality.
Self‐compensation of torque reaction in an induction contra‐rotating propulsion motor
Authors: Hassannia Amir
Published: April 2022

Torque reaction is one of the most critical issues with current aerial and undersea vehicles. Contra‐Rotating Propulsion (CRP) systems are the most popular technique for compensating the torque reaction of floating vehicles. However, the unbalanced load conditions are inescapable in CRP systems, which eliminate the net zero torque reaction and impulse unwanted spinning on vehicle. A new single‐phase dual rotor axial flux induction motor has been investigated in this paper that has the ability of self‐compensate reaction torque against unbalanced loads. The proposed motor can eliminate the requirement for complicated torque reaction control systems. Finite element simulation shows the expected performance of proposed motor under unbalanced conditions. The simulation results have been verified by experimental testing of a motor prototype.
Distance learning in a pandemic: the experience of sociological monitoring of students in Russia and Kazakhstan
Authors: Dautova Tanzilya , Frolova Irina , Khristodulo Olga , Rezvushkina Tatiana
Published: April 2022

The article is analysing the experience of using distance learning technologies in higher educational institutions of Russia and Kazakhstan in the context of a coronavirus pandemic. Before the start of the pandemic, in both Russian and Kazakhstan systems of higher education, the practice of using distance learning was limited despite the digitalization trend. The challenges of supporting the continuity of the educational process have led to the fact that, in record time, teachers and students have mastered a number of platforms that ensure their online interaction. Several months of a full-scale distance learning allowed students to form a stable opinion on the new form of education. Today we have empirical material for the period of the coronavirus pandemic and we may assess the possibilities of distance learning. The authors refer to specific case studies in which students from Ufa (Russian Federation) and Karaganda (Republic of Kazakhstan) took part. In general, it can be stated that the majority of students in both Ufa and Karaganda, at the beginning of the pandemic, were not satisfied with distance learning. However, the data from 2021 revealed the opposite trend and indicated an increase in respondents’ satisfaction with distance learning. The complete transition to distance education is not a pertinent question, since the potential of the traditional form of education will remain in demand. The use of proven teaching technologies will guarantee the quality and efficiency of the educational process as a whole. It doesn’t matter if we’re talking about digital classes or traditional ones.
Education of students for the staffing of high-tech industries at the GDD Department at Novosibirsk State Technical University
Authors: Guskov Anatoly , Milevsky Konstantin , Balagansky Igor , Vinogradov Alexey
Published: April 2022

The paper deals with the aspects of staff education for the high-tech industries of Russia at the GDD Department at Novosibirsk State Technical University. The peculiarity of training is the development and implementation of targeted educational modules, taking into account the peculiarities of the enterprises where the graduates will work. The annual All-Russian student conference is held to develop the skills of scientific activities, public presentation, and approbation of the results. In the process of training and holding the conference the resources and employees of the institutes of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences are involved.
The analysis of foreign countries experience in information technologies application in higher education
Authors: Kotliarenko Iuliia , Kolesnichenko Alvina
Published: April 2022

This paper analyses the use and effectiveness of modern information technologies application in higher education in different countries. This form of learning needs to provide the level of knowledge and competences corresponding to the traditional learning. This article shows advantages and disadvantages of ICT usage in higher education. This article gives the relevance of the comprehensive definition of ICT and their impact on e-learning and teaching processes. The analysis of the pedagogical experience of states with a high level of technological development is interesting and relevant for educational system of Russia This paper focuses on the different models of distance education and the aim of the article is to analyse the present status of the use of digital technologies in foreign countries.
On training personnel for the interregional research and manufacturing cluster of aviation industry enterprises
Authors: Nikandrova Marina , Moiseev Roman , Snegurenko Alexander
Published: April 2022

The purpose of the article is to develop proposals for improving the efficiency of the forward-looking training system for the Russian Aviation Industry, located in the Volga Federal District. This territory is a concentration of enterprises of the machine-building complex, a significant part of which is represented by enterprises of the aviation industry. It is proposed to consider the aviation industry of the Volga Federal District as an interregional research and manufacturing cluster. The author presentation of the element composition of this cluster includes a production base, infrastructure, a system of state control, as well as consumers. As the core of this cluster, it is proposed to consider research and academic organizations, and industrial enterprises of the participant regions. Tatarstan is central to the Volga Federal District. This makes it a fairly convenient region in terms of logistics and interregional management of aviation industry enterprises. As the central headquarters of the interregional research and manufacturing cluster of the aviation industry, there is a scientific and educational institution in which scientific activity in the field of design and production of aviation equipment is set at a high level, as well as an extremely important function is implemented, namely the training of highly qualified personnel for the industry. The cases of KNRTU–KAI in the field of career guidance, teaching talented students, as well as the implementation of master’s degree programs are considered. Many universities have got number of other similar unique practices for organizing staffing for the future development of enterprises in the aviation industry. In the authors’ view, the significant potential for the development of the training system for the aviation industry lies in the efficient interaction between university communities within the Volga Federal District, as well as universities and employers. This will ensure consistency and continuity in training.
Career guidance for the prospective students of KNRTU–KAI
Authors: Nikolaeva Anna , Zagrebina Ekaterina , Snegurenko Alexander
Published: April 2022

The article presents the experience of Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev—KAI (the former HEI’s name is KAI—Kazan Aviation Institute) in the implementation of the policy of career guidance of students and prospective students. The purpose of the article is to share the original KAI practices in the field of career guidance of prospective students, as well as to reveal the essence of the solutions incorporated into the key career guidance activities of the university. Original solutions are described, including: installation of the first supersonic passenger aircraft TU-144 on the territory of the KAI campus; the first scientific-practical conference of young aviators “Aviation of the Future: Trends, Challenges and Opportunities”, dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the first flight of the TU-144 aircraft; creation of an educational complex “Technopolis” for the development of children’s engineering creativity; an online course for schoolchildren during the university’s career guidance campaign “KAI Online School CYBER.TECH”; extended day groups for schoolchildren; the project for the training of new generation of engineers “Wings of Rostec” implemented with the support of the State Corporation Rostec, and some other projects. The factors of entry and retention of personnel in professional communities are identified and systematized, taking into account the professional life cycle of a specialist. It has been identified that in modern conditions, career guidance activities have begun to significantly influence the updating of educational content and modes of study at the university, which is confirmed by the presence of interactive and online KAI events. The university forms and develops an environment favorable for self-determination and self-realization of all participants in the educational process, while covering a variety of target groups.
Reflex and Spontaneous Movements in Pediatric Patients with Brain Death
Authors: Kim Juhyeon , Kwon Oh-Young , Kim Do-Hyung , Yang Tae-Won , Kim Minhwa , Lee Jeongrim , Cho Wonhyun , Yeom Jung Sook , Kim Young-Soo
Published: April 2022

Background Reflex and spontaneous movements are not uncommon in brain death patients. However, most studies have been conducted in adults, while reports in infants and children are rare. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the frequency and characteristics of these movements in pediatric patients declared as brain death.

Methods Records of pediatric patients who were diagnosed as brain death from 15 hospitals in the Yeongnam region, South Korea, between January 2013 and September 2016 were analyzed. All body movements in patients who met the criteria for brain death as established by the Korea Medical Association were assessed by medical doctors and trained organ transplant coordinators. The frequency and characteristics of these movements were identified. Additionally, the demographic and clinical factors of the brain death patients with and without these movements were compared.

Results A total of 31 patients who met the criteria for brain death were enrolled. Seven patients (22.6%) showed either reflex or spontaneous movements; six of them (85.7%) showed reflex movements only, and one patient (14.3%) showed both types of movements. The most common types of reflex movements were the flexor/extensor plantar response and isolated finger jerk. Four of seven patients (57.1%) showed a single movement pattern, while three (42.9%) showed two different movement patterns.

Conclusion It is essential for physicians who perform pediatric brain death examinations to recognize the frequency and characteristics of reflex and spontaneous movements, and this article may help in the accurate and prompt diagnosis of brain death.
Platelet Toll-Like-Receptor-2 and -4 Mediate Different Immune-Related Responses to Bacterial Ligands
Authors: Niklaus Marius , Klingler Philipp , Weber Katja , Koessler Angela , Kuhn Sabine , Boeck Markus , Kobsar Anna , Koessler Juergen
Published: April 2022

Background Like immune cells, platelets express toll-like receptors (TLRs) on their surface membrane. TLR2 and TLR4 are able to recognize bacterial antigens and have the potential to influence hemostatic functions and classical intracellular signaling pathways. This study investigated the role of TLR2 and TLR4 for immune-related functions in human platelets.

Materials and Methods Washed platelets and neutrophils were prepared from fresh human peripheral blood. Basal-, Pam3CSK4- (as TLR2 agonist) and Lipopolysaccharides (LPS; as TLR4 agonist) -induced CD62P expression, fibrinogen binding and TLR2 or TLR4 expression, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in H2DCFDA-loaded platelets and uptake of fluorescence-labeled TLR ligands, and fluorophore-conjugated fibrinogen were evaluated by flow cytometry. Analysis of platelet–neutrophil complexes was performed after coincubation of washed platelets and neutrophils in the presence and absence of TLR2 or TLR4 agonists on poly-L-lysine coated surfaces, followed by immunostaining and immunofluorescence imaging.

Results Pam3CSK4 rapidly and transiently increased TLR2 and TLR4 expression. Over the course of 30 minutes after activation with Pam3CSK4 and LPS, the expression of both receptors decreased. Pam3CSK4-stimulated intracellular ROS production and the uptake of TLR ligands or fibrinogen much stronger than LPS. Besides, TLR4 activation led to a significant increase of platelet–neutrophil contacts.

Conclusion Stimulation leads to rapid mobilization of TLR2 or TLR4 to the platelet surface, presumably followed by receptor internalization along with bound TLR ligands. After activation, platelet TLR2 and TLR4 mediate different immune-related reactions. In particular, TLR2 induces intracellular responses in platelets, whereas TLR4 initiates interactions with other immune cells such as neutrophils.
High Factor VIII Levels and Recurrent Thromboembolism in Patients with and without Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Retrospective Comparative Study
Authors: Eagle G E. , Schulman Sam
Published: April 2022

Background The natural course of elevated factor VIII (FVIII) in patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) and with or without inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is not well described. Furthermore, the data on effectiveness and safety of extended anticoagulation in these patients are limited.

Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of all patients with VTE who had an elevated FVIII level (>1.5 IU/mL) during a period of 16 years. FVIII levels, duration of anticoagulation, recurrent thromboembolic events, and bleeding requiring hospitalization were captured and compared between patients with and without IBD.

Results Fourteen patients with IBD and 66 without IBD were followed for 8.0 years (standard deviation [SD] =  ±  3.5) and 5.6 years (SD =  ±  5.1), respectively. Among the 41 patients with repeat levels, FVIII remained elevated in most patients. None of the IBD patients had thromboembolic events or major bleeding during a mean of 5.6 years (SD =  ±  5.1) of anticoagulation. Three of five IBD patients who stopped anticoagulation had thromboembolic events at a median of 9 months after stopping, observed event rate of 12 per 100 patient-years. For the 66 non-IBD patients, the event rates of thromboembolism on and off anticoagulation were 1.6 and 7.2 per 100 patient-years, respectively, and of major bleeding on anticoagulation 0.8 per 100 patient-years.

Conclusion Elevated FVIII in patients with VTE is often a persistent risk factor. The cohort with VTE and elevated FVIII that we analyzed appeared to have a favorable benefit/risk ratio of extended anticoagulation.
Effect of Ozone Gas on Removal of Airborne Particles
Authors: Agra Priscilla Alvarenga , Agra Patricia Alvarenga , Marceliano-Alves Marilia Fagury Videira , Conceição Greice Maria Silva da , Assumpção Sérgio Luiz de Lima , Crespo Celso de Farias , Philippi Letícia Maria Borsarini , Lins Renata Ximenes
Published: April 2022

Objective Airborne particles are one of the most important factors in the spread of infectious pathogens and must be monitored in healthcare facilities. Viable particles are living microorganisms, whereas non-viable particles do not contain microorganisms but act as transport for viable particles. The effectiveness of ozone in reducing these particles in a non-controlled room and a controlled cleanroom using high-efficiency particles air (HEPA) filter was analyzed in this study.

Materials and Methods Viable particles and non-viable particles sized 0.5 and 5 μm were quantified before and after ozonation in two different health environments: non-controlled (group 1) and controlled area, which was associated with a HEPA filtering system (group 2). Active air sampling using a MAS 100 was used to count the number of viable particles, while the number of non-viable particles/m3 was obtained following the manufacturer's recommendations of the Lasair III 310C system.

Results Our results of the viable particles counting were not quantifiable and analyzed using statistical tests. Both groups showed a slight tendency to reduce the number of viable particles after ozonation of the environmental air. A statistically significant reduction of non-viable 5 μm particles after ozonation was observed in both groups (G1: p = 0,009; G2: p = 0,002). Reduction in the non-viable 0.5 μm particles after ozonation was observed only in group 2, associated with the HEPA filter. In group 1, after ozonation, a significant increase in 0.5 μm particles was observed, probably due to the breaking of 5 μm particles by ozone gas. Our results suggest that ozone gas can break 5 μm particles and, when associated with a HEPA filter, increases its effectiveness in removing 0.5 μm particles.

Conclusion Considering that 5 μm particles are important in the air transport of microorganisms, their reduction in the environment can be a relevant parameter in controlling the dissemination of infections.
Universal Screening of Patients with Cancer for COVID-19: Results from an Observational, Retrospective Cohort Study in Kerala, India
Authors: Pavithran Keechilat , Jayamohanan Hridya , Philp Arun , Vijaykumar D.K. , Kumar Anil , John Denny
Published: April 2022

Introduction There is high risk of contracting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among patients with cancer with risk of mortality and morbidity being high. Limited data is available on the outcomes of universal screening of cancer patients with asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection from lower-middle-income countries (LMICs).

Objectives Our goal was to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with cancer attending the medical oncology department of a tertiary care hospital in Kerala and protect both patients and health care workers before proceeding with the systemic anticancer treatment.

Materials and Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of screening patients receiving systemic anticancer therapy for COVID-19 among hospitalized patients from August 1, 2020, and both outpatients and hospitalized patients from September 1 to November 15, 2020. After clinical triaging, patients were subjected to universal screening with rapid antigen tests and/or reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Results A total of 1,722 SARS-CoV-2 tests (321 RT-PCR and 1,401 antigen tests) were performed among 1,496 asymptomatic patients before their scheduled chemotherapy/immunotherapy. Eight hundred forty-eight patients were screened more than twice. The patient cohort's median age was 59 years (range 01–92 years); 44.98% of patients were males, and 55.01% were females. 58.77% of patients were on adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 41.22% on chemotherapy for metastatic cancer. The most common malignancy was breast cancer (26.53%), followed by lung (8.35%) and gastrointestinal (16.4%) cancers. The prevalence of asymptomatic infections in our study was 0.86%. Only one patient who had undergone chemotherapy after a negative SARS-CoV-2 test developed confirmed COVID-19 during subsequent testing. From these index cases, none of the other patients, health care workers, or their caretakers contracted COVID-19.

Conclusion The prevalence of asymptomatic COVID-19 infections in our study was low (0.86%). With proper health education, clinical triaging, and screening of the high-risk group, it is possible to continue cancer treatment during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, even in LMICs.
Relapsed Plasmablastic Lymphoma in an HIV-Infected Patient—Experience of High-Dose Chemotherapy with Autologous Stem Cell Rescue: A Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: M. Ganapathi Bhat , Jain Reetu , Shah Samir S. , Shaikh Fahad Afzal
Published: April 2022

Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma with dismal outcome despite multidrug chemotherapy regimen leading to high rates of disease recurrence. High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell rescue (HDCT/ASCR) is an effective salvage therapy in patients with chemo-sensitive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma. We report a case of 38 years old male with relapsed PBL associated with underlying HIV infection, who underwent HDCT/ASCR. He presented with low-grade fever and abdominal discomfort. He was evaluated with fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scan followed by omental biopsy that confirmed disease relapse. He received second-line therapy containing bortezomib and daratumumab and achieved remission (CR2). Subsequently, he underwent HDCT/ASCR. He has been clinically asymptomatic in good general condition having disease-free survival of 18 months after HDCT/ASCR. Our objective of presenting this case report is its complexity from presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. We take this opportunity to review the epidemiology and clinicopathological characteristics of PBL, as well as discuss the advancements in therapeutic options of this challenging disease.
Changes in Migratory Speed Rate of Human Dental Pulp Stromal Cells Cultured in Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin
Authors: Margono Anggraini , Bagio Dini Asrianti , Yulianto Indah , Dewi Siti Utami
Published: April 2022

Objective Migratory speed rate evaluation of human dental pulp stromal cells (hDP-SCs) is one of the important steps in dental pulp regeneration. Therefore, the aim of the study is to analyze various concentrations of advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF) culture media toward hDP-SCs' migratory speed rate evaluations.

Materials and Methods The hDP-SCs were divided into four groups: control: hDP-SCs in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium + 10% fetal bovine serum group; hDP-SCs in 1% A-PRF group; hDP-SCs in 5% A-PRF group; and hDP-SCs in 10% A-PRF group, which were planted in 24-well (5 × 104 cell/well). The migratory speed rate of all groups was measured by using cell migration assay (scratch wound assay) after 24 hours. Cell characteristics were evaluated under microscope (Inverted microscope, Zeiss, Observer Z1, UK) that can be read through image-J interpretation. This image J represented the measurement of migratory speed rate (nm/h) data. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tamhane's test (p < 0.05) (IBM SPSS Statistics Software, version 22.0).

Results There was a statistically significant difference in the migratory speed rates of hDP-SCs among various concentration groups of A-PRF (1, 5, and 10%) compared with the control group.

Conclusion The increase in the migratory speed rate of hDP-SCs was highest in 10% A-PRF group.
Soft-Tissue Analysis of Different Sagittal Skeletal Patterns Using the Geometric Morphometric Method
Authors: Sazgar Tamana , Al-Jaf Nagham M. , Norman Noraina Hafizan , Alias Aspalilah
Published: April 2022

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the size and shape variations of soft-tissue patterns in different sagittal skeletal patterns using the geometric morphometrics method (GMM) obtained from lateral cephalograms.

Materials and Methods This is a retrospective study, where the sample comprised of 188 Malaysian Malay subjects aged between 18 and 40 years and with different sagittal skeletal patterns. Overall, 71 males and 117 females were gathered for all size and shape analyses. This study incorporated 11 soft-tissue landmarks, which underwent landmark application using tpsDig2 software version 2.31, while the shape analysis was done using MorphoJ software version 1.07a.

Statistical Analysis Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 26. The result of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test showed significant differences in some of the parameters between the landmarks. Length D, Length E, Length F, Length H, and Length I showed significant differences (p < 0.05), while other parameters showed no difference (p > 0.05).

Results The shape variation of soft-tissue landmarks in different skeletal patterns existed in 18 different dimensions which showed by 18 principal components (PCs). Procrustes ANOVA and canonical variate analysis showed the size and shape differences of soft-tissue patterns between Class II and III and gender groups (p < 0.0001). In discriminant function analysis for Class II subjects, the classification accuracy was 98.4%, whereas subsequent to cross-validation, the classification accuracy was 90.6%. For Class III subjects, the classification accuracy was 96.6%, while after cross-validation, the classification accuracy was 90%.

Conclusion Different sagittal skeletal patterns demonstrated different soft-tissue shape variations. Class III showed the most protrusive upper and lower lips, while Class II demonstrated the most retrusive lower lip.
The Effect of Educational Video on COVID-19 and Dental Emergency Literacy among Students during Pandemic Era
Authors: Novrinda Herry , Darwita Risqa Rina , Subagyo Khumaira Adienia
Published: April 2022

Objectives To determine (1) the level of knowledge regarding COVID-19 and dental emergency (DE) along with the factors that might be associated (2) with the effect of educational video on the level of knowledge among nondental students.

Materials and Methods This online pre-experimental study used an educational video regarding COVID-19 and DE with a one-group pretest–posttest design toward the undergraduate nondental students (n = 363) from six public universities in West Java Province, Indonesia, aged 18 to 22 years. A Google Form was used and convenience sampling was undertaken.

Statistical Analysis The chi-squared, Mann–Whitney, Wilcoxon, and Spearman correlation tests were performed. Cohen's d
effect size was used to assess the effect of videos.

Results Most of the respondents were females around 20.36 ± 0.94 years. There is a statistically significant difference between the pre- and posttest knowledge score for COVID-19 (p <0.001) and DE (p <0.001). The “with dental school” group had a significantly higher pretest score in DE literacy than the “without dental school” group. There is a significantly positive linear relationship between the frequency of watching videos and the posttest score. The effect size was 1.03 and 0.8 for COVID-19 and DE, respectively. The majority of students agreed (agree and very agree) with all statements regarding video education.

Conclusions The level of knowledge regarding COVID-19 and DE increased from 5.30 to 6.75 and 6.58 to 8.02, respectively. The associated factors were the type of university and the frequency of watching videos. Educational intervention seems to have a great effect in increasing the knowledge of nondental students.
Impact of Guidance and Multitasking on Manual Dexterity Skills in Dentistry
Authors: El-Kishawi Mohamed , Khalaf Khaled , Murray Colin , Odeh Ruba , Winning Tracey
Published: April 2022

Objectives This study investigated the effect of learning by observation on the development of fine motor skills related to endodontic manual instrumentation. We evaluated if learning by observation with guidance had any influence upon operator performance under tense or taxing conditions.

Materials and Methods Dental students prepared standardized simulated root canals of varying morphology. Learning involved silent video with hand guidance (n = 23), audiovisual combined with oral instructions (n = 23), or silent video (n = 13). Undergraduates who previously completed conventional preclinical endodontics provided comparative data as a control group (n = 16). During investigations, a root canal of a lower molar plastic tooth was shaped, beginning with a primary task, and followed by multitasking conditions. The performance of the students was assessed by evaluating the accuracy of dental canal shaping and time taken to complete the task.

Statistical Analysis Differences were analyzed using ANOVA (p < 0.05).

Results Performance was similar during learning between the three experimental groups. Accuracy of the performance did not differ within each group for the two tests nor between the groups at each test (p > 0.05).

Conclusions These findings demonstrated that performance subsequent to learning by observation without instructions was comparable to learning with instructed observation. The results also identified that the performance of the experimental group (1.5- to 2-hour practice) was comparable with the conventional control group (15- to 20-hour practice). Alternative approaches to learning dexterity skills in dentistry may provide improved outcomes, especially in demanding situations.
Adductor Canal Block Does not Confer Better Immediate Postoperative Pain Relief after Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Padki Akshay , Vemula Vishnu , Purnomo Glen , Lim Jason Beng Teck , Liow Lincoln Ming Han , Yeo Seng Jin , Chen Jerry Yongqiang
Published: April 2022

The adductor canal block (ACB) is a useful adjunct to control postoperative pain in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The aim of our study was to compare postoperative day 1 (POD1) pain scores, ambulation distance, range of motion, active straight leg raise (SLR), and length of stay (LOS) in TKA patients receiving no ACB (NACB), ACB by surgeon (ACBS), or ACB by anesthetist (ACBA). After obtaining institutional ethics approval, a retrospective review of 135 patients who underwent TKA between September 2020 and March 2021 was performed. All patients underwent TKA by the same surgeon and received the same standardized postoperative rehabilitation. Operating theater time was shortest in the NACB group with 129.3 ± 23.1 minutes compared with 152.4 ± 31.6 minutes in ACBA and 139.2 ± 29.4 minutes in ABCS (p = 0.001). For the POD1 pain score after therapy, the NACB group scored 4.9 ± 3.1 compared with 3.5 ± 2.2 and 3.9 ± 1.8 scored by the ACBA and ACBS groups, respectively (p = 0.302). The mean POD1 ambulation distance was 21.1 ± 15.2 m in the NACB group compared with 15.4 ± 1.3 and 17.8 ± 13.2 m in the ACBA and ACBS groups (all p > 0.05), respectively. There were no significant differences in the median LOS between three groups or ability to perform active SLR (all p > 0.05). Our study found no significant differences when comparing ACBS and ACBA by POD1 pain score, ambulation distance, range of motion, and LOS. We recommend against the use of ACB and instead recommend surgeons to perform an adequate periarticular cocktail injection.
Unmasking of Exercise-Induced Diastolic Dysfunction in Symptomatic Post Coronary Angiogram Patients with Normal Coronaries
Authors: Harish Reddy M.S , Maddury Jyotsna , Panda Ashwin Kumar
Published: April 2022

Background Diastolic dysfunction is the cause in nearly half of cases of heart failure, the hemodynamic equivalent of which is elevated cardiac filling pressures. However, owing to its ubiquity, it is often diagnosed as an incidental finding, but an association with symptoms is not established in many of the patients. Most patients with hypertension or left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy have evidence of impaired diastolic function as a finding on Doppler echocardiography, but do not have any symptoms of heart failure at rest. However, these patients do have symptoms related to diastolic dysfunction only during exercise. In this study, we have contemplated to assess invasively, left ventricular filling pressures in patients with unexplained shortness of breath with normal systolic and diastolic function on echocardiography, on exercise and compare the level of rise in patients with established diastolic dysfunction.

Methods This is an observational prospective study, done over a span of 3 months, wherein patients with typical symptoms such as chest pain and shortness of breath, after ruling out systemic causes, and were subjected to coronary angiogram. If no coronary lesion identified, patients were subjected to invasive cardiac catheterization during coronary angiogram. Patients were divided into two groups, one without diastolic dysfunction and the other with established diastolic dysfunction. Simultaneous left ventricular end diastolic pressures (LVEDP) were measured at rest and after 3-minute manual handgrip exercise and readings were noted.

Results The mean age of the population (n = 30) was 55.8 ± 7.538 and 20 were males. The mean value of LVEDP in patients with no diastolic dysfunction at resting was 4.4 ± 3.169 and after exercise was 8.40 ± 4.169. The mean value of LVEDP in patients with established diastolic dysfunction at resting was 5.30 ± 3.948 and after exercise was 8.75 ± 4.506. Paired t-test among two groups revealed a significant p-value of 0.001 after exercise among both groups, suggesting a significant increase in LVEDP in patients with exercise. Unpaired t-test comparing both groups revealed that the elevation of LVEDP in no diastolic dysfunction group was comparable with patients with diastolic dysfunction (p = 0.432).

Conclusion The increase in LVEDP with exercise is a well-established fact in patients with diastolic dysfunction. Our study adds to the fact that patients with unexplained shortness of breath can have raised LVEDP after exercise, thereby unmasking the underlying diastolic dysfunction. Our study stresses the importance of inclusion of exercise as a provocative test for the assessment of diastolic function, either invasively or non-invasively, in patients presenting with exertional dyspnea.
Glycemic Status and Maternal Outcome among Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Frank Reena Wilma , Rodrigues Devina E. , Kaipangala Rajagopal , Leena Kunnath Chacko , Cunha Prema D.
Published: April 2022

Introduction Maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common medical complications of pregnancy. GDM can adversely affect the short- and long-term health of mothers and their newborns.

Aim This study aims to determine the association between maternal glycemic parameters with adverse maternal outcomes and baseline characteristics among women with GDM.

Settings and Design Observational, prospective study.

Materials and Methods Sixty-six pregnant women visiting outpatient department of a parent hospital who were diagnosed with GDM by an obstetrician were included in the study. Glycemic parameters were documented at the time of diagnosis (at 24 weeks of pregnancy). The maternal outcomes were studied after 24 hours of delivery.

Results The mean age of the women was 29.05 ± 3.98 years and 36.4% of the women were primipara. Among 66 women, 47% had a family history of diabetes mellitus, and that 48.28% of them belonged to first-degree relatives. Body mass index indicated in prepregnancy status 39.4% of them were overweight. In glycemic parameters, 63.6 and 93.9% of the women had increased fasting blood sugar and postprandial blood sugar values, respectively. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was elevated in 45.5% of the women. The maternal outcome showed that 30.30% of the women underwent cesarean section, 18.18% had preeclampsia, and 15.16% of them had increased weight gain (>11kg). There was a significant association between HbA1c and preeclampsia, p = 0.044.

Conclusions The study reiterates that GDM has a poor maternal outcome, the mother is at risk to develop preeclampsia, increased maternal weight gain, and interference of cesarean section is more.

Clinical Significance During the antenatal period among GDM mothers' glycemic control is very essential. Any variation in the glycemic parameters of the mother will lead to poor maternal outcomes.
Vortex signal model based Kalman filter of vortex signal processing method
Authors: Chen Jie , Hou Zhen-Yu , Li Bin , Wang Si-Cheng
Published: April 2022

To improve the performance of the vortex flowmeter, a vortex signal model based Kalman filter of the vortex signal processing method is proposed. According to the characteristics of the vortex signal, a linear vortex signal model is designed. Combining the fuzzy search and iterative algorithm, the Kalman filter algorithm is improved by analyzing the principle and key parameters of the Kalman filter algorithm. The proposed method is verified by simulation and real flow experiments and compared with other methods; the experimental results show that the proposed method has the advantages of adaptive filtering, better anti-interference ability, and faster filtering speed.
Symmetric replicator dynamics with depletable resources
Authors: Mitchener W. Garrett
Published: April 2022

The replicator equation is a standard model of evolutionary population game dynamics. In this article, we consider a modification of replicator dynamics, in which playing a particular strategy depletes an associated resource, and the payoff for that strategy is a function of the availability of the resource. Resources are assumed to replenish themselves, given time. Overuse of a resource causes it to crash. If the depletion rate is low enough, most trajectories converge to a stable equilibrium at which all initially present strategies are equally popular. As the depletion rate increases, these fixed points vanish in bifurcations. The phase space is periodic in each of the resource variables, and it is possible for trajectories to whirl around different numbers of times in these variables before converging to the stable equilibrium, resulting in a wide variety of topological types of orbits. Numerical solutions in a low-dimensional case show that in a cross section of the phase space, the topological types are separated by intricately folded separatrices. Once the depletion rate is high enough that the stable equilibrium in the interior of the phase space vanishes, the dynamics immediately become chaotic, without going through a period-doubling cascade; a numerical method reveals horseshoes in a Poincaré map. It appears that the multitude of topological types of orbits present before this final bifurcation generate this chaotic behavior. A periodic orbit of saddle type can be found using the symmetries of the dynamics, and its stable and unstable manifolds may generate a homoclinic tangle.