bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ὥσπερ ἴχνεσι τοῖς ὀνόμασι. Plutarch’s Cratylus
Authors: Delle Donne Carlo
Published: February 2024

The article traces the presence of Plato’s Cratylus” in the works of Plutarch, with a particular focus on its refunctionalization within the Plutarchian discursive context. Building on several scholarly contributions on this subject, the article highlights Plutarch’s exegetical sophistication, demonstrating his ability to selectively appropriate and recontextualize Plato’s theoretical segments without betraying their original meaning
Medieval pastoralism: lessons for our landscape
Authors: Margetts Andrew
Published: February 2024

The Faculty of Social and Historical Sciences at UCL highlighted heritage and conservation, the environment and biodiversity as key challenges to be addressed as part of its Strategic Vision for 2019–29. Staff at Archaeology South-East (ASE) are actively pursuing research into livestock and landscapes and how knowledge of past farming regimes has wider public benefit in terms of informing modern choices regarding food production, sustainability and nature recovery. The author of the present article has also engaged with conservation bodies on aspects of historic grazing and current rewilding projects. This article is intended as an introduction to the essential elements of this work, highlighting how archaeologists and heritage professionals can contribute to debates surrounding the future of our countryside. It draws on a previous blog post as well as themes pursued for associated publication outputs.
UCL’s Centre for Applied Archaeology: the end of an era of Erasmus+ partnership projects
Authors: Wolferstan Sarah
Published: February 2024

This news article summarises several projects that took place between 2010 and 2022, during which some members of the Institute of Archaeology’s professional staff were able to take part in lifelong learning partnerships, working closely with a host of organisations from all over Europe on skills development and community heritage. These projects were funded by the Erasmus+ programme.
A Roman villa at Newhall, Harlow, Essex
Authors: Alexander James
Published: February 2024

This note highlights the recent finding of a previously unknown Roman villa with evidence for ‘watery’ deposits and subsequent early medieval activity.
Virtual Maths Circles: helping young people to think like researchers
Authors: Iezzi Francesca , Goddard Ben D. , O’Brien Mary
Published: February 2024

The Edinburgh Maths Circles are free sessions for families, run by staff and students from the University of Edinburgh, UK. Their main aim is encouraging children to think and behave like mathematics researchers, as they explore open-ended questions, make their own conjectures, and explain their reasoning to others. Maths Circles started in 2016 as in-person events, with an online version created in response to the outbreak of Covid-19. To spread the initiative as widely as possible across Scotland, we have been running development workshops for over four hundred teachers and educators, and we have visited local schools and libraries. The ideas and methods of Maths Circles have moved beyond our disciplinary boundaries, as other departments at the university are planning activities based on this model. In this practice case study, we illustrate the aims and philosophy of Maths Circles, the challenges we faced, and how the initiative grew over time. We describe our work with local schools/communities, and how we adapted to Covid-19 restrictions. We also share personal experiences from researchers, university students and educators who contributed to the project. We aim to encourage colleagues to adopt a similar approach in other contexts and disciplines, and we are open to cross-disciplinary collaboration.
Insights From the Histopathologic Analysis of Acquired and Genetic Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Dissections
Authors: Buja L. Maximilian , Zhao Bihong , Sadaf Humaira , McDonald Michelle , Segura Ana M. , Li Li , Cecchi Alana , Prakash Siddharth K. , Afifi Rana O. , Miller Charles C. , Estrera Anthony L. , Milewicz Dianna M.
Published: February 2024

Objective

The purpose of this study was to apply contemporary consensus criteria developed by the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology and the Association for European Cardiovascular Pathology to the evaluation of aortic pathology, with the expectation that the additional pathologic information may enhance the understanding and management of aortic diseases.

Methods

A scoring system was applied to ascending aortic specimens from 42 patients with heritable thoracic aortic disease and known genetic variations and from 86 patients from a single year, including patients with known genetic variations (n = 12) and patients with sporadic disease (n = 74).

Results

The various types of lesions of medial degeneration and the overall severity of medial degeneration overlapped considerably between those patients with heritable disease and those with sporadic disease; however, patients with heritable thoracic aortic disease had significantly more overall medial degeneration (P = .004) and higher levels of elastic fiber fragmentation (P = .03) and mucoid extracellular matrix accumulation (P = .04) than patients with sporadic thoracic aortic disease. Heritable thoracic aortic disease with known genetic variation was more prevalent in women than in men (27.2% vs 9.8%; P = .04), and women had more severe medial degeneration than men (P = .04). Medial degeneration scores were significantly lower for patients with bicuspid aortic valves than for patients with tricuspid aortic valves (P = .03).

Conclusion

The study’s findings indicate considerable overlap in the pattern, extent, and severity of medial degeneration between sporadic and hereditary types of thoracic aortic disease. This finding suggests that histopathologic medial degeneration represents the final common outcome of diverse pathogenetic factors and mechanisms.
Perceived Stress Assessment: Factor Structure and Item Analysis of the PSS-10
Authors: Santos-Vitti Laís , Nakano Tatiana , Faro André , Baptista Makilim Nunes , Vasconcelos Matheus Macena
Published: February 2024

Stress has proved to be an important research topic in recent decades, given its influence on physical and mental health. As a way of evaluating this construct, the 10-Item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) has been the most used measure. The present study was conducted considering the questions that are still present concerning the factorial structure of the instrument and the scarcity of studies focused on item analysis with the Brazilian population. Based on the results of 4.970 Brazilians of both sexes, with an average age of 31.3 years (SD = 11.89), from the five regions of Brazil, the confirmatory factor analysis indicated good fit of the one-dimensional model. Subsequently, the item response theory indicated adequate residuals (infit and outfit) for all items and satisfactory item-theta correlation values. The scale precision was α = .89. Four items showed differential functioning for the gender variable, three in favor of men. The analysis made it possible to identify the thoughts and feelings that most differentiate individuals with a high level of perceived stress, adding evidence of validity to the instrument for use in the Brazilian population.
Introduction: New Geographies of Scandinavian Studies. Moving maps, reciprocal images, emerging communities
Authors: Jelsbak Torben , Körber Lill-Ann
Published: February 2024

This article provides an introduction to the Research Network “New Geographies of Scandinavian Studies” while at the same time discussing some of its main concerns and questions: the position of the Nordic countries and the role of Scandinavian Studies in the changing geopolitical landscape of post-Cold War Europe. The collapse of the Eastern bloc in 1989–1991 led to a reconfiguration of the European political map. This situation also entailed new possibilities for international and cross-disciplinary research: A new understanding of Nordic and Baltic studies was institutionalized and new regional concepts were developed as alternatives to Cold War geopolitics. The network “New Geographies of Scandinavian Studies” is rooted in this ongoing reorientation of the field. The article discusses some of the potentials and challenges of this new agenda of Scandinavian Studies in the context of the new geopolitical confrontation between Russia and the West after Russia’s military attack on Ukraine in February 2022.
What kind of place is Norden? The image of Norden in Polish literary reviews of Nordic literature
Authors: Schab Sylwia Izabela
Published: February 2024

The article discusses the question of how Nordic literature in translation – as reflected in Polish literary reviews – creates Norden as a place. What kind of imagery (constructed in a continuous discursive process) is projected on the Nordic region, and what purposes does this construction serve? The analysis draws on an understanding of place as a construct based on “body, landscape and culture” (Ringgaard & DuBois 2017:20) and uses concepts taken from imagology and literary reception studies.
Digital methylation-specific PCR: New applications for liquid biopsy
Authors: Cardoso Gabriela Casani , Ganzella Fernando Augusto de Oliveira , Miniskiskosky Guilherme , da Cunha Regiane Stafim , Ramos Edneia Amancio de Souza
Published: February 2024

Epigenetic analysis is a fundamental part of understanding pathophysiological processes with potential applications in diagnosis, prognosis, and assessment of disease susceptibility. Epigenetic changes have been widely studied in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but currently, there is no molecular marker used to improve the treatment of patients. Furthermore, this progressive disease is a risk factor for the development of more severe COVID-19. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP-PCR) plays an important role in the analysis of DNA methylation profiles, and it is one of the most widely used techniques. In this context, the combination of MSP-PCR with emerging PCR technologies, such as digital PCR (dPCR), results in more accurate analyses of the DNA methylation profile of the genes under study. In this study, we propose the application of the MSP-dPCR technique to evaluate the methylation profile of the ADAM33 gene from saliva samples and lung tissue biopsies of patients with COPD and COVID-19. MSP-dPCR generated a measurable prediction of gene methylation rate, with the potential application of this combined technology for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. It has also proven to be a powerful tool for liquid biopsy applications.
Performance evolution of novel palm leaf powder used for enhancing hot mix asphalt
Authors: Jasim Enas N. , Joni Hasan H.
Published: February 2024

Recently, researchers have been moving toward using local waste as an alternative for construction materials. Using these wastes to pave roads is one of the essential recycling methods, which aims to reduce the consumption of natural resources and environmental pollution resulting from the difficulty of decomposing these wastes. In the Middle East, especially in Iraq, Date Palm fiber is widely available as a local waste material. The aim of this research is to evaluate the performance of a developed asphalt mixture with palm leaf powder (PLP) as a partially substituted mineral filler. The Marshall mix design method produced the asphaltic mixes with ordinary Portland cement and PLP as mineral fillers. PLP was included in three rates denoted by 10, 20, and 30% by the weight of the mineral filler. Marshal stability, flow, bulk specific gravity, air voids, voids in mineral aggregates, voids filled with the binder, the indirect tensile strength, and the indirect tensile strength ratio of the PLP mixture were measured and compared with those of the conventional asphalt mixture. Based on the findings of this study, 20% of the Portland cement could be replaced with PLP, at which all of the properties of the enhanced mixture met the requirements of the Iraqi specifications. Then, the asphalt mix with 20% PLP was tested to assess its resistance against fatigue cracks. The results support the usage of waste PLP in pavement construction, enhancing its properties, which would also be very effective as an eco-friendly material.
Growth, characterization, and anti-bacterial activity of l-methionine supplemented with sulphamic acid single crystals
Authors: Vithel Fredselin R. S. , Manimekalai Ramadoss , Cynthia Sreekrishnan Rajammal , Govindan Vediyappan , Ijaz Khan M. , Abdullaev Sherzod , AlQahtani Salman A. , AlQahtani Nouf F.
Published: February 2024

Sulphamic acid (SA) crystals supplemented with l-methionine (LM) were grown at moderate temperatures using a slow evaporation procedure. The powder XRD pattern showed that LM supplemented with SA (LMSA) crystals have an orthorhombic crystal structure. The FTIR studies confirmed the presence of various vibrational modes. Using a UV-Vis spectrometer, the transmittance of LMSA in the UV and visible range was observed, and the band gap of the LMSA was also calculated. The hardness value of LMSA was higher compared to that of pure SA. Photoluminescence emission studies of LMSA pointed out emissions at 491 and 542 nm, which were attributed to the transition from the 5D4 state to 7F6 and 7F5 ground, respectively. LMSA crystals were effective in killing pathogenic bacteria, according to the studies on their anti-bacterial activity.
Application of thin boron deposit by electrophoresis as neutron detectors
Authors: Fares Mohamed , Messaoudi Mohammed , Yacine Debili Mohamed , Negara Kassida
Published: February 2024

Detecting nuclear radiation presents a distinctive challenge, particularly with neutrons, which are neutral particles. The method of direct detection involves the utilization of a converter material, acting as an intermediary. Boron plays a pivotal role in this process, reacting with thermal neutrons to generate alpha particles and lithium, with a notable energy release of 2.314 MeV during the 10B (n,α) 7Li reaction. This facilitates effective identification and measurement of neutrons in radiation detection systems. The paths of the particles α (for E = 1.474 MeV) and Li (for E
Li = 0.842 MeV). The active medium of the nuclear detector, typically a gas, undergoes ionization by these highly charged particles, or they form ion pairs that are subsequently collected by electrodes to produce the signal at the detector’s output. Various deposit methods can be used for this purpose, electrophoresis offers a distinct advantage in terms of both simplicity and precision. This study details the utilization of the electrophoresis technique for the deposition of boron on the tube walls of prototype detectors developed within our laboratory.
Experimental research on bonding mechanical performance of the interface between cementitious layers
Authors: Qin Xi , Xu Qianjun , Li Jiazheng
Published: February 2024

Interfaces of cementitious layers have widely existed in construction projects, and they are the weakest part of the whole building. In this article, laser scanning and ultrasonic pulse, splitting tensile, and semi-disc fracture tests were carried out to study the bonding performance of cementitious layers. Different performance metrics, such as splitting tensile bond strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, and attenuation of first arrival, were used to evaluate the bonding characteristics of the concrete layers. The results revealed that the parameters of the interface curve decreased, and the mechanical properties of the interface became weaker with an increase of the interval time. The amplitude of the first wave was more sensitive to the presence of the interface than the ultrasonic pulse velocity. Finally, the relationships between the performance metrics were analyzed. The fracture toughness of model I and mode II was highly correlated with the parameters of the micromorphology of the layered concrete, and the correlation coefficient is not less than 0.9511. The fracture toughness of mode I was strongly related to the splitting tensile strength, with a correlation coefficient of not less than 0.9744. This study was useful for the future study of the mode I and I fracture performance, the morphology, and other physical properties of cementitious layers.
Insights into the corrosion resistance of a novel quinoline derivative on Q235 steel in acidizing medium under hydrodynamic condition: experimental and surface study
Authors: Singh Ambrish , Ansari Kashif R. , Ali Ismat H. , Younas Muhammad , Alanazi Abdullah K. , Lin Yuanhua
Published: February 2024

The study concentrated on the fabrication of an environmentally friendly inhibitor, namely ethyl 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,7,7-trimethyl-5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-3-carboxylate derivative of quinoline (MQC), in a single step, and assessed its inhibiting property in highly acidic fluid (15 % HCl) for protecting Q235 steel at 1500 rpm rotation speed. Weight reduction, Potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were utilized in the study to investigate the inhibiting impact of MQC. The estimated findings corroborated the inhibiting data of 93.54 and 98.38 % at 308 K with 100 mg/L/only MQC and MQC + KI/75 mg/L + 0.5 mM, respectively, and the impact of temperature upon the inhibitory capability possessed little impact at larger dose quantities. According to the electrochemical outcomes, the MQC is a mixed-type corrosion inhibitor. The findings of the SEM, EDX, and AFM examinations demonstrated that the MQC established a barrier over the surface of Q235 steel by adsorption, changing the hydrophilic and hydrophobic attributes of the Q235 steel surface. An additional XPS assessment demonstrated MQC molecule adsorption on the Q235 steel surface. Density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamic simulations (MD) calculations were further performed to justify the experimental results.
Facile hydrothermally grown cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanostructures and their electrochemical performances
Authors: Athira Krishnakumar , Dhanapandian Swaminathan , Suthakaran Selvakumar , Shobika Sivadasan , Yogalakshmi Krishnan , Ayyar Manikandan , Iqbal Munawar
Published: February 2024

In this study, pure cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanoparticles were synthesized using a simple hydrothermal approach. The effect of the reducing agent and reaction temperatures of the prepared products were examined. Co3O4 is formed in the as-synthesized sample, at reaction temperature 190 °C was observed in the XRD pattern. The XPS survey scan spectrum showed the distinctive peaks of the Co and O elements and their valence states. FESEM and HRTEM revealed the particles as cubical in nature. Peak associated with the elements Co and O on the EDAX spectrum demonstrated the purity of the nanoparticles. Three electrode setups were used to measure the electrochemical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles. DTA curve corresponding exothermic peak at 225 °C and the crystallization of the final product was attributed for the third weight loss of 1.5 % in the temperature range of 280 °C to 450 °C. Formation of Co3O4 was confirmed by the observed XRD diffraction peaks at 2θ = 36.83°, 59.82°, and 65.30°, which correspond to h k l planes (311), (511) and (440), respectively. The high-resolution Co2p spectra showed two prominent spin-orbital peaks, 2p1/2 and 2p3/2, at 796.37 eV and 781.81 eV, respectively. The increase in temperature causes the particle size to grow ranges between 20 and 70 nm and the average particle size distribution in the TEM image is 42 nm. The integral area of the CV curve was measured during the CV measurement and as the as-prepared Co3O4 electrode displays specific capacitance values of 154, 126, 81, 65, and 49 Fg−1 at various scan rates of 10, 20, 50, 70, and 100 mVs−1, respectively.
Formulation and development of topical iron oxide nanoemulgel using Punica granatum extract and in vitro evaluation of anti-inflammatory potential in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Dheekshana Srinivasan , Razia Muthuswamy , Nallal Uma Maheshwari , Prabha Kannan , Priya Lakshminarayanan Srimathi , Dinesh Ayyar , Kabilan Babu , Ayyar Manikandan
Published: February 2024

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is regarded as a long-term autoimmune disorder, which triggers inflammation in joints and distresses the organs in the body. Nanotechnology, a science-based technique is a tremendously growing-field with numerous applications where nanoparticles are used to resolve the complications in the habitual life. While comparing to other metals, iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs) were synthesized at minimal cost using eco-friendly natured materials and also has ability to deliver drug at a specific targeted site. In the present study, a topical nanoemulgel was formulated using Fe2O3 NPs synthesized from Punica granatum. The results of Fe2O3 NPs characterization divulged that the particles were sphere-shaped in nature and the bioactive compounds from the extract acted as capping and reducing agents. Nanoemulgels (F1 to F5) were formulated using different concentrations of Fe2O3 NPs and characterized. Among the formulations F4 nanoemulgel revealed good stability with a zeta potential charge of −53 mV and a polydispersity index of 0.24. L929 cells were treated with F4 formulation and this confirmed that the formulation was non-toxic to normal cells. F4 treated MG63 cell lines revealed the anti-inflammatory property (IC50 = 90.77 μg/ml) of the nanoemulgel. Thus, nanoemulgel containing Fe2O3 NPs synthesized from P. granatum can be an effective, eco-friendly and cost-effective approach to treat RA.
A társadalmi innovációs potenciál és a területi versenyképesség kapcsolatának vizsgálata = Investigating the Relationship Between Social Innovation Potential and Spatial Competitiveness
Authors:   University of Miskolc, Institute of World and Regional Economics, Tóth Géza , Varga Krisztina ,   University of Miskolc, Faculty of Economics, Institute of Management Sciences
Published: February 2024

This study jointly examines the social innovation potential and spatial competitiveness of Hungarian municipalities in terms of competitive advantage and competitive disadvantage. The primary focus of our study is on the link between the factors of social innovation potential and spatial competitive advantage. Based on the social innovation complex index of municipalities and its components, we analyse the spatial pattern of social innovation potential in the country using cluster analysis and explore the possible causes of spatial disparities based on social innovation.
Science, international law, and policy across the air–sea interface
Authors: van Doorn Erik , Marandino Christa A. , Peters Andrew J. , Keywood Melita
Published: February 2024

The objective of this perspective article is to determine the extent to which processes operating across the air–sea interface are considered in international environmental policy. The ocean is usually important but rarely a defining feature in such policies. We will begin with a brief introduction to the existing relevant treaties and policy frameworks. The provisions within these treaties will be analyzed for instances when air–sea interactions are considered and when they are not. We aim to establish that there is a lack of consideration in international regulation of the interaction between the atmosphere and the ocean, something that is not compatible with the environmental reality. Consequently, we point out examples where we think the air–sea interface could have been incorporated in international legislation. The question of why there is a gap between science and policy, regarding air–sea interactions, is posed and our hypotheses for the answers are outlined. The concept of so-called soft law and related instruments, such as the 2015 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, are discussed. We finalize this review with our recommendations for future policymaking across the air–sea interface.
The Realization of Thematic Progression in Background of Study Section Written by Undergraduate Students at Tidar University
Authors: Zamroni Akhmad , Wuli Fitriati Sri , Widhiyanto Widhiyanto
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to find out the realization of thematic progression pattern applied in background of the study section in final projects written by undergraduate students and evaluate the quality of thematic progression used by the students. The objective of this study were to explain the realization of thematic progression pattern used and to explain the quality of thematic progression used by the students. The design of this study used qualitative approach descriptive study especially in discourse studies. This research used fifteen background of the study section as the source of the data. The researcher used documentation and interview as the instrument by using the theory proposed by Bloor & Bloor (2024). This study revealed that the students primarily used linear theme pattern to organized their writing with 310 times. They also applied linear theme pattern with 202 times. While, split rheme pattern applied by students with 32 times. The last is derived theme pattern applied by students with 15 times. In addition, the result of the quality of background of the study section are almost students applied thematic progression in fair level. To sum up the realization and the quality of thematic progression used by the students, they have practically applied the various thematic progression and made their background of the study section are coherence.
The Use of Deixis in Online Classroom Interaction Among the University Students
Authors: Giffary M. Rizki , Widhiyanto Widhiyanto
Published: February 2024

Pragmatics is the study related to linguistics used by a person. It is the study of language and its content. Therefore, it becomes the basis for knowing the meaning of a language. Pragmatics is focused on the investigation of importance as conveyed by the speaker (or author) and deciphered by the audience (or reader). This research aimed to find the use of deixis in online class interaction among the third-semester students of the graduate school Universitas Negeri Semarang 2020/2021, the data of this study were the students' interactions in the WhatsApp application during the class of the graduate school Universitas Negeri Semarang. This research was a form of qualitative research proposed by Creswell (2009). We were required to be able to classify, collect, analyze, and draw conclusions through the phenomena that have been analyzed without making a generalization. The findings showed that from 26 students' discussion results, 1.156 deixes were found in the students’ discussions. Then, the deixis were categorized into five categories based on Levinson’s theory. There were 529 personal deixes that equal to 45.76%, 55 temporal deixes that equal with 4.75%, there are 108 in spatial deixis that equal to 9.34%, 329 in social deixis that equal with 28.46%, and 135 in discoursal deixis that equal to 11.67%. This study in like manner expected to give inspiration for the readers who are intrigued on the deixis study and it will be an additional reference for readers who are intrigued on examining this examination
The Realization of Mood and Modality by English Conversations Video in the YouTube Channel
Authors: Puspita Anisah , Wuli Fitriati Sri , Widhiyanto Widhiyanto
Published: February 2024

This study discussed the language used for communication. It analyzed an English conversation video from the perspective of Systemic Functional Linguistics, especially mood and modality in interpersonal meaning. This study aimed to explain the realization of mood systems and modality in an English conversation video on a YouTube channel. In conducting this study, the researcher had several objectives to achieve. This study tried to explain the realization of mood and modality on a video of English conversations from the Learn English with Jessica channel on YouTube on YouTube by Learn English with Jessica channel. Researchers tried to explain the relationship between mood and modality in an English conversation video on a YouTube channel. The researcher used the Interpersonal meaning theory by Halliday and Matthiessen (2014). A descriptive qualitative research design was used in this study with an English conversation video on a YouTube channel taken as the subject of analysis. The results showed that the dominant mood found in this study was the declarative mood. The researcher also found the speech function in this study. Speakers often use the form of a statement to get their message across to listeners. The researcher also summarizes the modality system in which speakers mainly use probability type of modalization and inclination type of modulation to modify their conversations. This study held the function of communication as an information source, as evidenced by the interpersonal meaning they embody. They will be able to provide and receive information and advice using mood and modality
Errors in Discourse Marker Usage in Descriptive Texts by SMA Negeri 12 Semarang Students
Authors: Kadyrov Nurtilek , Mujiyanto Januarius , Wuli Fitriati Sri
Published: February 2024

This study delves into the analysis of common errors found in descriptive texts authored by a sample of 32 students, randomly selected from SMA Negeri 12 Semarang. Its primary objective is to identify, categorize, and evaluate errors pertaining to adverbial phrases, conjunctions, prepositional phrases, and discourse markers while assessing their impact on the coherence of the text. Employing a rigorous research methodology encompassing both quantitative and qualitative techniques, this study provides a thorough evaluation of the student's writing abilities. Quantitative analysis of the collected data exposes a spectrum of errors, encompassing discourse marker misuses, sentence structure deficiencies, inaccuracies in prepositional phrases, conjunction errors, and problems with adverbial phrases. Notably, discourse marker errors, including the omission of commas and the repetitive use of words, emerged as the most prevalent issues. These errors have the potential to significantly hinder the clarity and overall flow of the text. The motivation for this study arises from the recognition that students often encounter challenges when it comes to effectively utilizing discourse markers and other grammatical elements in their descriptive writing. These difficulties can adversely impact text coherence and, consequently, the overall quality of the students' compositions. In light of the quantitative findings, this research underscores the critical importance of targeted grammar instruction and consistent writing practice to enhance students' writing skills. Addressing these common errors collaboratively, educators and learners can work towards improving the quality of descriptive texts.
Impoliteness Strategies of Dark Humor on Trevor Noah’s Show “Son of Patricia"
Authors: Shabrina Annisa Nurul , Pratama Hendi
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to explore the phenomenon of how something vulgar or sensitive becomes a joke to execute many meanings, which is interesting to study. It was specifically focused on dark humor presented in stand-up comedy performances as one of the famous media for presenting humor. The researcher investigated the impoliteness strategies and their contribution to express dark humor. This study used phenomenological qualitative with a pragmatic approach. It analyzed dark humor found in Trevor Noah’s stand-up comedy performance entitled “Son of Patricia” through the impoliteness strategy by Culpeper (1996). The result showed that there was 51 dark humor found in Noah’s performance. It enclosed several topics, which were his personal experiences. The most impoliteness strategies used were sarcasm or mock. It was used in all the performance topics to cover up his attacks on others’ faces by making jokes. However, withhold politeness was not found in the performance, as there was no dark humor expressed by failing to use politeness. There were some cases where two impoliteness strategies used together in a joke. The researcher hopes this study will broaden the scope of this study to encompass additional variables, populations, or timeframes. Such an expansion could provide a more comprehensive understanding of impoliteness strategies used in expressing dark humor enclosed behind the dark humor and its impact on various contexts.
Comparing the Effectiveness of Elsa Speak and ESP for Teaching Speaking to Students with Different Self-Confident
Authors: Namira Hafiza , Suwandi Suwandi
Published: February 2024

Remote learning is a modern learning model that is a solution for people who have constraints of time, place, and human resources, especially during the pandemic who are required to learn and teach online without face-to-face. In SMA Negeri 16 Medan, the English teacher taught students with speaking material, and the teacher teaches, discusses, and practices through Zoom Meeting and assigned assignments to students via WhatsApp Group. The researcher found out the good or bad influence on remote learning through Zoom or WhatsApp Groups. This research explained how significant the students’ achievement learning by using Elsa Speak and ESP platforms conducted with high and low self-confidence of students in learning speaking. The research design was a quantitative approach with a 2x2 factorial design involving the tenth-grade students SMA N 16 Medan, as the research participants. The students’ different self-confidence was taken as a factor that might influence the platform. Two experimental classes were held on different platforms: Elsa Speak and ESP. The independent variables are Elsa Speak and ESP. Students' confidence levels influenced the platform, and data collection involved observation, questionnaires, and speaking tests. To answer the hypotheses, the data were analyzed using pair statistics, and independent statistics. Based on the analysis Elsa Speak in high and low self-confidence is a more effective in learning platform than ESP.
The Utilization of U-Dictionary to Improve Students’ Pronunciation
Authors: Maulida Nabiela , Sakhiyya Zulfa , Rukmini Dwi
Published: February 2024

The main aim of this research is to assess the effectiveness of U-Dictionary in enhancing the pronunciation skills of students. The ability to pronounce words correctly is a crucial aspect of foreign language acquisition, particularly for Indonesian learners, and it plays a vital role in effective communication. Many English language learners face difficulties in pronouncing words when they speak, read, or listen to English. In today's digital age, mobile applications offer a variety of learning opportunities, including online learning through smartphones.This qualitative study delves into the use of U-Dictionary to augment students' pronunciation skills, and the author provides a detailed account of the research findings. The researchers observed a group of second-grade students at MTs Maarif Andong who were selected for this study. Thirty students participated as respondents and were interviewed and given questionnaires to provide accurate information. The findings indicate that the majority of students found media to be helpful in improving their pronunciation and believed that learning pronunciation is crucial. They also perceived the "perfect English pronunciation feature" in U-Dictionary as a practical and enjoyable way to overcome difficulties in learning pronunciation.
Culture of Trichoderma sp. with biochar to produce high-activity cellulase in a laboratory
Authors: Myeong Seongwoo , Yun Jeonghee
Published: February 2024

Biochar (BC) was used in Trichoderma sp. culture to produce high-activity cellulase on a laboratory scale. The biochar was added into the flask before being applied to the fermenter to identify the enhancement effect and to determine the best amount of addition and the most suitable incubation period. Cellulase production was performed with a working volume of 4 L, and enzymatic hydrolysis was conducted to evaluate the saccharification ability of the enzyme. During incubation, the activities of three enzymes (Endoglucanase (EG), β-glucosidase (BGL), and cellobiohydrolase (CBH)) were measured for three days, and the cellulase activity was determined using a filter paper unit (FPU). In flask scale, EG, BGL, and CBH activities were increased by 1.4, 2.1, and 1.8 folds, respectively, and the incubation period was shortened by adding BC. In the fermenter scale, EG, BGL, and CBH activities were noticeably enhanced by 12.1, 5.8, and 7.2 folds, respectively, and FPU was 42.1 (9.8 folds). Additionally, the conversion rates of cellulose and steam exploded softwood and hardwood were 109.4%, 75.4%, and 87.3%, which were similar to a commercial enzyme (Cellic CTecⅡ). This study demonstrated that biochar could be used to produce high-activity cellulase in a shorter period and suggests a novel method for effective cellulase production.
Measurement of Papermachine Control
Authors:   The Research Association for the Paper and Board, Printing and Packaging Industries, Kenley, Surrey, Cooper D. L.
Published: February 2024

This paper reviews some of the problems in the interpretation of measurements of papermaking process variables. It is directed to papermakers or scientists who are not specialists in this field. The viewpoint is that of a statistician. The main problem discussed is the analysis of continuous signals from process instruments, in so far as they are affected by the papermaking system. Specific hardware problems are not considered. Sampling problems for control are also discussed.
Integration of Pulpmill Control with the Production Planning of a Papermill
Authors:   Billeruds AB., Grums and Säffle, Sweden, Alsholm O. , Pettersson B. ,   Billeruds AB., Grums and Säffle, Sweden
Published: February 2024

In an integrated pulp and papermill, all subprocesses are interrelated. This means that they cannot always be run at the optimum production level, since the result as a whole is decisive. The production managers have for many years successfully carried out the difficult scheduling of an entire mill. With increasing complexity of a modern mill, it is desirable to help production managers more systematically to utilise existing storage capacities. Thus, a production control system has been developed for the Gruvön mill. The mathematical formulation and solution of the scheduling problem is based upon optimum control theory. In order to perform unavoidable production changes with the minimum of disturbances, the process control must not only produce uniform quality during steady state conditions, but whenever possible carry out production changes without introducing disturbances in the quality of the product. In order to implement computerised production and process control systems, good human relations must exist between computer staff and production personnel. This, together with good technical solutions, including the man/machine interface, will guarantee success.
Analog Simulation Study of an Airknife Coater
Authors:   Wiggins Teape Research Development Ltd., Beaconsfield, Bucks., McFarlane I. D. , Hoath W. D. ,   Wiggins Teape Research Development Ltd., Beaconsfield, Bucks.
Published: February 2024

The response of a flow balance coating weight control system to changes in control settings and transient disturbances has been investigated by means of an electronic analog. A non-linear blow-off characteristic, determined experimentally, is shown to give rise to instability in certain conditions. The effect of pipe lags and valve action times can be demonstrated by use of the model; the validity of analog approximations to pure time delays is discussed and corroborated by results obtained with a digital computer simulation technique. The extension of the model to take account of preferential pick-up of moisture by the paper web is described.
Chemical and antibacterial evaluation of the essential oil from the leaves, petals and calyx of Calea phyllolepis Baker in Brazil
Authors: Mallmann Viviane , Ribeiro Aragão Lucas Wagner , Bueno Denize , Lopes Fernandes Shaline Séfara , Ferreira da Costa Willian , Volpini Klein Aline Franciele Navarro , Lara da Silva Rogério César de
Published: February 2024

In the face of the complex context of resistance of human pathogenic bacteria, essential oils act in a synergistic way preventing the bacterial mechanism to create resistance. This article brings the chemical identification of the essential oils of the leaves, petals, and calyx of C. phyllolepis and the evaluation of these in the control of S. aureus and E. coli (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Disc Diffusion). Thirteen compounds were identified in the EOs, being five monoterpenes and eight sesquiterpenes. Sabinene, (-)-α-Pinene and ρ-Cymene presented with high concentrations in all the evaluated parts. The minimum concentrations to effectively inhibit the development of bacteria varied between 0.3% to 4.0% against S. aureus and 0.3% to 8.0% for E. coli in the colorimetric assay. The most effective action against the bacteria studied were found for petal and calyx EOs, which presented MICs of 0.063% and 0.03%, respectively. In the study with the disk diffusion method, a halo of inhibition higher than that of the control groups was obtained. The effectiveness of the oils against the treated microorganisms, can be correlated with the chemical composition. The study with this plant is unprecedented and the results obtained are promising in the search for new antibacterial products
Tibouchino longifoliae-Sticherion bifidi alliance in rainforest on metamorfics rocks
Authors: Reyes Orlando J , Cantillo Félix Acosta , Garrido Pedro Bergues
Published: February 2024

By using Braun Blanquet methodology Tibouchino longifoliae - Sticherion bifidi was studied restricted to the banks made with bulldozer during the build of roads in Sierra del Purial and Maquey geological formations rocks in the more rainy zone of the Cuban archipelago. Generally it is found between 30 to 80 degrees slopes over schists banks of ferralitics soils. They are secondary meadow, composed for the immediate secondary communities generally rich in ferns, the greatest number of species that make up this alliance are heliophilous. Three assocciations were found Nephrolepido biserratae - Bidentetum pilosi, Pitirogrammo calomelani - Rhytidophylletum exserti and Stichero bifidi - Gleichenelletum pectinatae that are subassociations and variants. Weather is tropical with rainfalls between 1200 and 2500 mm.
Electrochemical detection and evaluation of diclofenac chloride with modified screen printed electrodes
Authors: Grozdanov Anita , Paunović Perica , Dimitrievska Iva , Barsbay Murat , Sarafinovska Zorica Arsova
Published: February 2024

Last decade, due to the safety concerns, the problem of detection of the low level of various drugs including the anti-inflammatory drugs (AIDs) in the waters became very important. Electrochemical methods offer an acceptable level of detection providing low-cost, reagentconsuming and fast analysis. So, in this study, a Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) was discussed in detail, along with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), as analytical characterization techniques. Screen-printed electrodes (SPE) based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were explored as a biosensors for ultrasensitive detection of biochemical entities, such as active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) – Diclofenac chloride (DIC). Surface modification of the SPEs was done using Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), applied with drop modification method. Physical characterization made with SEM and AFM has found the surface morphology and grain topography of the working electrodes as well as the roughness changes. Results obtained with the electrochemical analysis show that the acidic environment contributes for better redox processes hence modifications with PVDF show better electrochemical response at low pH. In terms of redox processes and pH influence, diclofenac shows strong electrochemical response.
Медіа, маніпуляція та інформаційна війна
Authors: Ісмаїлзаде Ламан
Published: February 2024

Глобалізація та комунікаційна революція принесли значні зміни в спосіб існування традиційних та електронних ЗМІ. Інформаційні потоки надзвичайно зросли в обсязі та почали зростати в геометричній прогресії з появою Інтернету. Тепер він може вийти з-під контролю певних органів влади, легко перетнути межі держави та бути миттєво скопійованим у соціальних мережах. Зростання обсягів інформації значно легше, ніж раніше, не тільки формувати громадську думку, а й маніпулювати нею, вести широкомасштабні інформаційні війни. Останніми роками проблеми маніпулювання ЗМІ пов’язують із фейковими новинами. Звичайно, фейкові новини (неправдива інформація) самі по собі не є чимось новим: фейкові новини поширюються традиційними ЗМІ з самого початку їх створення. Інша справа, що Інтернет зробив можливим масове розповсюдження контрафактної продукції, як ботами (роботами), так і реальними індивідуальними користувачами. У цьому дослідженні досліджується інформаційна війна, якій піддається наша свідомість у контексті ЗМІ та пропаганди, а також значення ЗМІ у цій війні. Інформаційна війна — це вид війни, який передбачає використання інформації та пропаганди поряд із традиційною війною. Цей тип війни ефективно використовується в міжнародних відносинах, політичній боротьбі та зонах конфліктів. Інформаційну війну можна розглядати як арену, де суперники намагаються маніпулювати громадською думкою. Відомий німецький військовий і політичний діяч Клаузевіц у своїй праці «Про війну» 1832 року підкреслював, що «війна є продовженням політики іншими засобами».

У 21 столітті інформаційну війну можна назвати важливим інструментом сучасної світової політики для здобуття політичної та економічної влади. Багато країн розробили стратегії інформаційної війни та використовували ці стратегії для досягнення цілей національної безпеки та зовнішньої політики. Держави можуть намагатися вплинути на сприйняття конкуруючих країн або груп, використовуючи такі тактики, як пропаганда, кібератаки, підроблені акаунти в соціальних мережах тощо. Інформаційна війна ведеться шляхом встановлення системи контролю над потоком інформації та використання цієї системи управління інформацією для досягнення власних цілей.
Сталий шлях до досконалості: 100 років Національній бібліотеці Азербайджану імені М.Ф. Ахундзаде
Authors: Ісмайлов Надір , Мамедов Аліюсиф
Published: February 2024

У статті, присвяченій ювілею Національної бібліотеки Азербайджану імені М. Ф. Ахундзаде, яка є головною бібліотекою Азербайджану, вперше дається короткий історичний екскурс виникнення і розвитку бібліотечної справи в країні, а також обговорюється необхідність створення головної бібліотеки (національної бібліотеки) для країни.

Далі крок за кроком розглядається непростий шлях створення цієї бібліотеки та її розвитку, посилаючись на факти та статистику. Тут особлива увага приділяється важливості бібліотеки для розвитку бібліотечної справи в країні, сучасній епосі її діяльності, її перетворенню на бібліотеку, яка відповідатиме на виклики часу.

Важливу роль у діяльності бібліотеки відіграє також науково-дослідна діяльність. Багато співробітників бібліотеки також займаються науково-дослідною діяльністю, проводять наукові дослідження на різні цікаві теми, публікують статті, захищають дисертації та отримують наукові ступені. З 1980 року в бібліотеці регулярно видаються збірники наукових праць, де публікується велика кількість цікавих наукових статей, що відображають результати досліджень співробітників бібліотеки.

Слід також зазначити, що відповідно до світових бібліотечних традицій Кабінет Міністрів Азербайджанської Республіки 15 квітня 2004 року прийняв рішення про надання Республіканській державній бібліотеці Азербайджанської Республіки статусу «Національної бібліотеки».