bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MODERN INSTRUMENTAL METHODS FOR QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF LAPATINIB IN BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS AND DOSAGE FORMS (REVIEW)
Authors: SHPRAKH ZOYA S. , POSKEDOVA YANA A. , RAMENSKAYA GALINA V.
Published: January 2022

Lapatinib is a small molecule, a heterocyclic quinazoline derivative. The drug is used for targeted therapy of patients with breast cancer, in which there is overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor receptors (HER/ErbB). This review is devoted to studying modern instrumental methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis of lapatinib, which can be used both for quality control and standardization (of bulk pharmaceuticals and dosage forms) and pharmacokinetics studies of a drug. Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) is mainly used to identify lapatinib in tablets. Depending on the purpose of the study, various detectors are used (ultraviolet or diode-matrix detector), which makes it possible to determine not only the native compound but also the products of its degradation. Definition of lapatinib in the presence of degraded products is necessary for forced degradation studies to determine drug stability. When a drug is being developed, it is important to define and understand its pharmacokinetics. For such studies, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with the mass selective detector is often used. It allows determining lapatinib in biological fluids. However, these methods are not applicable for identifying the drug directly in dosage forms and require further development and validation.
HIGH-THROUGHPUT SCREENING AND DYNAMIC STUDIES OF SELECTED COMPOUNDS AGAINST SARS-COV-2
Authors: BHOWMIK RATUL , NATH RANAJIT , SHARMA SAMEER , ROY RATNA , BISWAS RIYA
Published: January 2022

Objective: This study was aimed to analyze the inhibitory effect of the drugs used in nanocarrier as well as nanoparticles formulation based drug delivery system selected from PubChem database literature against 3CLpro (3C-like protease) receptor of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) by implementing several in silico analysis techniques.
Methods: This paper detailed a molecular docking-based virtual screening of 5240 compounds previously utilized in nanoparticle and nanocarrier drug delivery systems utilizing AutoDock Vina software on 3CL protease to discover potential inhibitors using a molecular docking technique.
Results: According to the results of the screening, the top two compounds, PubChem Id 58823276 and PubChem Id 60838 exhibited a high affinity for the 3CL protease binding region. Their binding affinities were-9.6 and-8.5 kJ/mol, indicating that they were tightly bound to the target receptor, respectively. These results outperformed those obtained using the co-crystallized native ligand, which exhibited a binding affinity of-7.4 kJ/mol. PubChem Id 60838, the main hit compound in terms of both binding affinity and ADMET analysis, displayed substantial deformability after MD simulation. As a result of the VS and molecular docking techniques, novel 3CL protease inhibitors from the PubChem database were discovered using the Lipinski rule of five and functional molecular contacts with the target protein, as evidenced by the findings of this work.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that the compounds discovered may represent attractive opportunities for the development of COVID-19 3CLpro inhibitors and that they need further evaluation and investigation.
MOLECULAR DOCKING AND SCREENING OF DRUGS FOR 6LU7 PROTEASE INHIBITOR AS A POTENTIAL TARGET FOR COVID-19
Authors: GADEWAR MANOJ , LAL BHARAT
Published: January 2022

Objective: The aim of present investigation is docking of various existing antiviral, anti-tubercular and anti-malarial drugs on 6LU7 receptor of SARS-CoV-2 in the treatment of COVID-19.
Methods: In this study, the structure of coronavirus binding protein and ligands for various drugs were collected from the protein data bank and pub chem. Molecular docking was carried out using Schrodinger 9.0 software. In molecular docking study, 19 different drugs of various categories like antiviral, anti-malarial and anti-tubercular were investigated for analyzing binding to 6LU7 receptors of COVID-19.
Results: The docking result showed a high affinity of zanamivir, montelukast, ramdesvir, ritonavir, cobicistat and favipravir to the 6LU7 receptor of novel coronavirus. Thus the combination of these drugs may be useful in preventing further infection and can be used as a potential target for further in vitro and in vivo studies of SARS-CoV-2.
Conclusion: Treatment of COVID-19 has been challenge due to the non-availability of effective drug therapy. In this study, we reported drugs for targeting 6LU7 Mpro/3Clpro protein, which showed prominent effects as potential inhibitors of COVID-19 Mpro.
DEVELOPMENT, OPTIMIZATION AND EVALUATION OF PULSATILE DRUG DELIVERY CAPSULES LOADED WITH CARVEDILOL BY APPLYING QUALITY BY DESIGN
Authors: KUMAR A. BHARATH , KUMAR GAUTAM GIRENDRA , B. SYED SALMAN
Published: January 2022

Objective: The purpose of this research is to find the best way for designing carvedilol pulsatile drug delivery system capsules.
Methods: The research paves the way to improve the method of preparing carvedilol pulsatile drug delivery by adjusting critical material attributes (CMA) such as coating polymer concentration, critical process parameters (CPP) such as inlet temperature and atomizing air pressure, and their impact on critical quality attributes (CQA) like particle size (PS in nm), entrapment efficiency in percentage (% EE) and amount of drug delivered in percent (%ADR) at 12 h in the carvedilol pulsatile pellets filled capsules by applying the Box-Behnken design. By varying the polymer concentration and process parameters, nearly 15 formulations were created.
Results: Based on the influence of CMA, CPP on CQA, the formulation CP13 was determined to be the most optimized formulation among the 15 formulations. The optimized levels of CMA were found to be-1 level of coating polymer concentration and CPP was found to be-1 level of inlet temperature, 0 level of atomizing air pressure and it optimized CQA like PS was found to be 1017.5±8.4 nm, % EE was found to be 96.8±2.8 %, % ADR at 12 h was found to be 88.4±3.4 %. Carvedilol Pulsatile drug delivery system was designed by using optimized fluidized bed coater in order to decrease the usage of attributes, decrease the productivity cost and enhance the usage of specific attributes at fixed concentration for further manufacturing scale.
Conclusion: By the current results it was concluded that the optimized CMA and CPP that shown in the results are the suitable attributes for the best formulation of carvedilol pulsatile drug delivery system capsules.
QUALITY CONTROL TESTING OF CONVENTIONAL CLOPIDOGREL BISULFATE TABLETS MARKETED IN IRAQ
Authors: ABDUL-HASAN MAZIN THAMIR , Al-SHAIBANI ABULFADHEL JABER NEAMAH , WANNAS ALI N. , HASAN AL-GBURI KARRAR MOHAMMED
Published: January 2022

Objective: This study was employed to evaluate the quality of marketed oral tablets containing clopidogrel bisulfate. Tablets produced by various companies and commercialized in the Iraq market were used in the study.
Methods: Batches of clopidogrel bisulfate conventional tablets (containing 75 mg of drug) were exposed to the quality control tests. These tests involved friability, weight variation, hardness, drug content, disintegration time, and in vitro release study; these tests were conducted depending on USP pharmacopeia.
Results: The data indicate that all batches of clopidogrel bisulfate complied with the limitations of USP pharmacopeia for variation of weight, results of the hardness of tablets were 7.2-9.6 Kg/cm2. Friability value (% loss) was less than one, which was within the required limits. The time of disintegration was less than 25 min in both artificial gastric fluid (AGF) and artificial intestinal fluid (AIF). Drug content was observed between 97.1 % and 99.8 %, indicating compliance with the limits of pharmacopeia (85-115 %). An in vitro release study of batches was greater than 80 % within 25 min.
Conclusion: All batches of clopidogrel bisulfate were manufactured within the criteria of tablet manufacturing. The quality control tests of tablets showed acceptable pharmaceutical properties (effectiveness and safety) that lie within the limits of USP pharmacopeia.
ENHANCEMENT OF SOLUBILITY AND BIOAVAILABILITY OF BCS CLASS-II AMBRISENTAN: IN VITRO, IN VIVO AND EX VIVO ANALYSIS
Authors: RADKE RAHUL , K. JAIN NEETESH
Published: January 2022

Objective: The aim of this investigation was to enhance the solubility and bioavailability of the BCS class II poorly water-soluble drug ambrisentan by solid dispersion (SD) techniques using Gelucire 50/13 as a hydrophilic carrier.
Methods: Solid dispersion of ambrisentan was prepared by kneading method using different dug: carrier ratios. Prepared SD was characterized for solubility, drug content, percentage yield, in vitro dissolution, ex vivo permeation and bioavailability. Solid-state characterization was performed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Results: All the SDs formulations showed increase in drug solubility and dissolution when compared with its pure form. Aqueous solubility of the drug was found to be increased 8.23 fold in SD. DSC study showed that endothermic peak of the drug was disappeared in spectra of SD, confirming its amorphous conversion, XRD study revealed the reduction to almost absence of specific high-intensity peaks of drug which confirmed the reduction of crysatallinity of ambrisentan in SD. SEM of optimized SD formulation demonstrates the complete encapsulation and solubilization drug. In vitro dissolution study showed that optimized SD formulation (ASD4) gives the faster drug release of 101.5% in 60 min, as compare to its pure form and other SD formulations.
Conclusion: Solid dispersion ASD4 prepared with 1:4 drug to carrier ratio showed the highest drug solubility and in vitro dissolution. The ex vivo and in vivo studies performed on optimized formulation ASD4 showed enhancement in drug permeability and bioavailability in Gelucire 50/13 based SD formulation.
AN EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN IN THE OPTIMIZATION OF VARIOUS TABLET EXCIPIENT FORMULATIONS = A CONCISE REVIEW
Authors: SOPYAN IYAN , WAHYUNINGRUM RETNO , K. S. INSAN SUNAN
Published: January 2022

The use of an experimental design technique in the development of various pharmaceutical preparations, including tablet preparations, has become the latest trend. Because of their ease of use, tablet formulations are popular among both producers and patients. To increase the usage of tablets in diverse circles and settings, researchers are working to develop a variety of tablet excipients for various functions. Fast dissolving tablets (FDT), effervescent tablets, modified-release tablets, oral mucoadhesive tablets, gastroretentive tablets, and colon targeted tablets are some of the tablet formats that have been developed in addition to traditional tablets. This review will look at how formulation optimization in tablet preparations has been done during the previous ten years using specific literacies. The articles for this review were found using the keywords tablet, excipient, matrices, formulation, and QBD in specialized databases such as Elsevier, Pubmed, and Cambridge. Other options include Springer publications, material from the Internet, and articles published online by The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, Medscape, and Statpearls. The formulation design strategy is based on the experimental design approach carried out on the kind of tablet preparation, which has distinct important quality parameters.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF CHLOROGENIC ACID PHYTOVESICLES AGAINST RESISTANT BACTERIA: DEVELOPMENT, OPTIMIZATION AND EVALUATION
Authors: TRIVEDI HEMANGI , PURANIK PRASHANT K.
Published: January 2022

Objective: To investigate the in vitro antibacterial activity of a naturally occurring polyphenol chlorogenic acid (CGA) and compares it with formulated chlorogenic acid phytovesicles against 4 different bacterial strains; two gram positive [Staphylococcous aureus and Bacillus subtilis] and two gram negative strains [Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli].
Methods: CGA phytovesicles were developed and optimized using central composite design to improvise CGA’s physicochemical properties. Bactericidal activity was evaluated using agar diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and time kill assay. The effect of pH and temperature on the antimicrobial activity was determined.
Results: The optimized CGA phytovesicles showed entrapment of 96.89% with 30 times better lipophilic solubility than the plain drug. The inhibition zone sizes for CGA phytovesicle ranged from 17-25 mm as compared to 15-20 mm of plain CGA while the MIC values ranged 200-250 µg/ml as compared to 500-550 µg/ml of plain CGA. CGA phytovesicles exhibited a strong bactericidal effect at MIC with a log reduction in the range of 0.90-2.04 in Colony forming units (CFUs) at 24h for different strains as compared to 1.38-2.17 of plain CGA. Furthermore, the antibacterial effect was found to augment with increasing temperature but decreased with alkaline pH.
Conclusion: Results strongly supports the hypothesis of potential use of CGA phytovesicles as a mode of drug delivery for its antibacterial use against different resistant bacteria.
REVIEW: AN EFFORTS TO INCREASE THE SOLUBILITY AND DISSOLUTION OF ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS
Authors: SOPYAN IYAN , GOZALI DOLIH , MEGANTARA SANDRA , WAHYUNINGRUM RETNO , SUNAN KS INSAN
Published: January 2022

The most significant aspect of a drug's physicochemical nature is its solubility. If the medicine is in a dissolved form, it can dissolve and enter the membrane, resulting in a therapeutic effect. The pharmacokinetic phase of the drug in the body, which includes absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, will be correlated with solubility. Some medications, however, have a low solubility. To obtain a therapeutic impact, an effort must be made to increase the drug's solubility. Based on the literature research, the goal of this paper is to explain approaches that can be utilized to improve solubility. In general, physical, chemical, and micelle formation efforts can all be used it to enhance solubility. Particle size reduction, crystal shape modification, and the utilization of matrices in the disperse phase are examples of physical alterations. pH adjustment, buffering, salt formation, complexation, and derivatization all are examples of chemical alterations. The employment of supercritical processes in solutions and also excipients such as surfactants, cosolvents, stabilizing solutions, and others are examples of how micelle formation can be modified.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND NUTRITION OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LAM. LEAF EXTRACT: A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON PREPARATION PHYTOSOMES AS HERBAL SUPPLEMENT FOR CHILDREN
Authors: WARDANA MUTIA SARI , JUFRI MAHDI , MUN’IM ABDUL
Published: January 2022

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical properties and nutrition of Moringa leaf extract. In addition, the preliminary study for the preparation of Moringa leaf extract-loaded phytosomes for a supplement.
Methods: Extraction of Moringa leaf made using microwave-assisted extraction, followed by evaluation of proximate analysis (water, total ash, acid-insoluble of ash contents, and residual n-hexane), phytochemical screening, and nutrition such as crude protein, amino acids, and minerals (iron, zinc, and calcium). The phytosomes were prepared by the anti-solvent precipitation method and assessed for the morphology, particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index (PDI), entrapment efficiency (EE), and Fourier-transform infrared spectra.
Results: The nutrition contents of crude protein, iron, zinc, and calcium were 19.61±0.07%, 3.47±0.00 mg/100g, 5.46±0.05 mg/100g, and 747.40±4.89 mg/100g, respectively. The amino acids with the highest concentrations were glutamic acid, phenylalanine, aspartic acid, alanine, and arginine in the extract. The best preparation using sonication 10 min by morphology was a spherical included particle size, PDI, zeta potential, and EE of arginine was 87.16±1.73 nm, 0.22±0.04, −23.07±0.76 mV, and 108.94±0.52%, respectively.
Conclusion: These preliminary results provide evidence of the nutritional benefit of Moringa leaf extract-loaded phytosomes as a promising supplement to prevent stunting in children.
THE USE OF CARROT SEED OIL (DAUCUS CAROTA L.) TO FORMULATE NANOEMULGELS AS AN EFFECTIVE NATURAL SUNSCREEN AND SKIN ANTI-AGING
Authors: ARIANTO ANAYANTI , BANGUN HAKIM , SUMAIYAH  , YANTI PUTRI SIREGAR CHRISTY NATASYA DWI
Published: January 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a nanoemulgel containing vegetable oil of carrot seed oil as an effective natural sunscreen and skin anti-aging.
Methods: Nanoemulgels containing 4% carrot seed oil were formulated in three formulas with different ratios of Tween 80 and Sorbitol and prepared by using the high-energy emulsification method. The nanoemulgels were determined for the organoleptic characteristic, globule size, pH, physical stability during storage for 12 w at three different temperatures (room, high and low temperature), centrifugation, and cycling test. The Sun Protection Factor (SPF) value was determined by UV spectrophotometric method and the effectiveness of anti-aging was evaluated by using a skin analyzer and the results were compared with sunscreen emulgel.
Results: Nanoemulgel containing 4% carrot seed oil with a ratio of Tween 80 as surfactant and Sorbitol as co-surfactant 40 and 20 resulted in the smallest mean droplet size of 338.34 nm and the sizes were increased during 12 w of storage at room temperature but still in the nano size and this nanoemulgel did not show phase separation or still stable. These nanoemulgels were also stable after the centrifugation and cycling test. The emulgel preparation was not stable or showed phase separation after the centrifugation test. The SPF value obtained from the nanoemulgel was 20.28±0.22 and these values were higher than the sunscreen emulgel (13.94±0.27). The pore size, spot, and wrinkles of the volunteer skin were reduced after using the nanoemulgel containing 4% carrot seed.
Conclusion: The sunscreen and skin anti-aging activity of nanoemulgel preparation containing 4% carrot seed oil with a ratio of surfactant Tween 80 and co-surfactant Sorbitol 40 and 20 were more effective compare with emulgel preparation.
SIMPLE QUANTIFIED AND VALIDATED STABILITY INDICATING STRESS DEGRADATION STUDIES OF ORAL ANTI-DIABETIC AGENT DAPAGLIFLOZIN BY RP-HPLC METHOD
Authors: MURUGESAN ARULSELVAN , MATHRUSRI ANNAPURNA MUKTHINUTHALAPATI
Published: January 2022

Objective: This method is focused on developing a precisely simplified and more accurate Reverse Phase–High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the determination of Dapagliflozin in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form as per guidelines of International Council for Harmonization (ICH).
Methods: Evaluation and validation carried out using the RP-HPLC ZORBAX (C18) column (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 μm particle size) with a mobile phase consisting of Phosphate Buffer: Acetonitrile: Methanol in a ratio of 55:40:05 (v/v/v) at a flow rate of 1 ml/min with an injection volume of 10 μl.
Results: Dapagliflozin was eluted at 2.12±0.05 min and detected at 225 nm. The regression equation y = 55762 x-29679 found to be linear with correlation coefficient r2 value of 0.9997. The developed RP-HPLC method was conveniently validated as per the ICH guidelines and found method was robust, sensitive, accurate, selective, specific, precise and linear.
Conclusion: The proposed method was found to be accurate, precise, and robust for API and pharmaceutical dosage form as per experimentation analysis. The above developed method was found to be satisfied for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) and pharmaceutical formulation of Dapagliflozin to study its degradation products.
EFFECT OF AMIODARONE ON RABBITS' OPTIC NERVE AND THE AMELIORATIVE EFFECT OF VITAMIN E: FTIR STUDY
Authors: M. A. EMAN , S. M. SHERIF , A. M. SAHAR , M. I. AHLAM , M. K. GEHAN
Published: January 2022

Objective: The study aimed to investigate the structural and conformational changes induced by short-term administration of the amiodarone in the optic nerve besides validating whether vitamin E coadministration with amiodarone will improve these changes.
Methods: Thirty New Zealand white rabbits from both sexes were haphazardly categorized into three groups, whereas each group contains ten rabbits (20 eyes). One of these groups served as a control that received an intraperitoneal injection of normal saline. Rabbits in the second group intraperitoneally (ip) injected daily with 160 mg/kg body weight (bw) of amiodarone for two weeks. The last group orally administration 100 mg/kg bw of vitamin E with the 160 mg/kg bw of amiodarone ip daily for two weeks until the time of sacrifice. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was conducted on the optic nerve of the all groups.
Results: The results obtained from the FTIR spectrum revealed that the short-term administration of amiodarone caused a significant alteration in the stretching NH-OH region. A newly detected component centered at 3739±1 cm-1 was assigned as strO-H. There was a significant decrease (p˂0.05) in the bandwidth and band position of one component of strO-H that centered at 3598±1 cm-1. Moreover, remaining vibrational bands (O-Hasym and O-Hsym) were shifted to higher frequencies. Coadministration of vitamin E with amiodarone reduced the contour to four components as a control with significant increase in the band position of O-Hasym and the bandwidth of one component of str O-H. Amiodarone administrations lead to reducing the area ratio of asymCH2 to symCH2 and elevation of the area ratio of asymCH2 to asymCH3 while the coadministration of vitamin E returned it as the control ratio. The percentage of the β-turn was significantly increased while the α-helix content was decreased due to amiodarone. The contents of both components were considered mimicking the control values when Vitamin E was co-administered with amiodarone.
Conclusion: The study stated that amiodarone could change the solubility and folding of the optic nerve proteins. Finally, vitamin E intake with amiodarone turns many of these changes induced by amiodarone to normal levels, which make it a good supplement for amiodarone users.
DESIGNING OF NOVEL TOPICAL IN SITU POLYMERIC FILM-FORMING SOLUTION SPRAY FORMULATION OF ANTIFUNGAL AGENT: IN VITRO ACTIVITY AND IN VIVO CHARACTERIZATION
Authors: ABDULLAH NABIL , PATIL AMIT B.
Published: January 2022

Objective: Voriconazole (VCZ) is a broad-spectrum antifungal medication that works by inhibiting fungal Cytochrome P450, preventing fungi growth. The current study aims at developing and characterizing an antifungal in situ film-forming polymeric solution spray containing VCZ for use in topical drug delivery systems.
Methods: Optimized VCZ in situ polymeric film formulation was evaluated for Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), in vitro and in vivo, ex-vivo investigation using abdominal rat skin and stability studies. The in vivo antifungal activity of the advanced in situ film was examined in albino Wistar rats.
Results: The optimized batch contained 22% Eudragit RS 100 (ERS) and 4% Sorbitol. Based on FTIR, XRD, SEM, and rheological studies. Formulation ingredients of VCZ loaded topical in situ polymeric film spray were observed to be compatible and showed no evidence of precipitation, deformation, or discoloration. Diffusion test (in vitro %), and ex-vivo drug diffusion % obtained 99.22%, and 97.45% respectively. The maximum inhibition zone was measured at 13±0.07 mm. The Wistar rat was employed as an animal model for skin irritation and antifungal studies. A study of short-term stability observed no significant modifications in the physical properties.
Conclusion: The findings of the optimized VCZ topical in situ polymeric film spray formulation were satisfactory, demonstrating comparable improvement in superficial antifungal treatment.
IMPACT OF PHYSIOTHERAPY PROGRAMME ON QUALITY OF LIFE AND FUNCTIONAL INDEPENDENCE POST ANTERIOR MEDIASTINAL TUMOUR WITH MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
Authors: Kulkarni Chaitanya Ajay
Published: January 2022

A thymoma occurs in approximately 15 per cent of adult diagnosed with Myasthenia gravis (MG). Recent studies have supported the active role of structured physiotherapy rehabilitation program post MG and its complicating symptoms. A male patient, 61 years old, was admitted to the physiotherapy out-patient department with present complains of lump in neck region with generalised weakness and early fatigability. From past two months, the patient faced difficulty in both basic and instrumental activities of daily living such as swallowing, transportation and regular hand movements. Investigation for the patient was carried out in which chest X-ray, CT chest and serum Ach R (positive) was done and was diagnosed with thymoma. Restricted muscle examination of the shoulder and scapular muscle was positive showing symptoms of chest pain and was rated 3/5 with associated discomfort giving away fatigue. The patient was operated for thymectomy which was an elective surgical procedure, operated under general an aesthesia for a duration of approximately 4 hrs. The patient was then referred for post-operative physiotherapy rehabilitation with incisional pain, cough with expectoration, early fatigue and reduced upper limb strength. The patient had a history of Type II Diabetes Mellitus. The focus of the physiotherapy rehabilitation program included airway clearance techniques, monitored graded bed mobilization, aerobic training and progressive resistance training. There was a significant improvement in the patient after 6 weeks of physiotherapy rehabilitation program. The early excision of thymoma with prompt tailor made supervised exercise program helps in early recovery and achievement of functional goal thus improving the quality of life and functional independence.
OPTIMIZED FAST DISINTEGRATING TABLETS, BOOSTED OSELTAMIVIR PHOSPHATE ORALLY FAST DISINTEGRATING TABLETS
Authors: Singhal Peeush
Published: January 2022

Background Around 33% of the populace (fundamentally pediatric and geriatric) has gulping hardships, bringing about helpless consistence with oral tablet drug treatment which prompts decreased in general treatment viability. For this explanation, tablets that can quickly break down or deteriorate in the oral cavity have drawn in a lot of consideration. Objective research was designed to develop and evaluate boosted orally fast disintegrating tablets (OFDT) for oro-buccal drug delivery of oseltamivir phosphate. Methods In the present study six formulations of mouth dissolving tablet of oseltamivir were prepared by direct compression method using SSG as a super disintegrating agent with lactose, talcum, mannitol, SLS and starch. The prepared tablets were then subjected to various evaluation parameters. Results every one of the outcomes was observed to be inside satisfactory reaches. The formulation F6 manufacturing utilizing SSG 50mg and SLS 10mg showed the higher medication content (98%), while the formulation F2 showed the least medication content (92%). It was seen that with the increment in SSG concentration, the medication content was additionally increased. SEM concentrate on showed request of expanding unpleasantness of tablet surface is F1<F2<F3<F4<F5<F6. The expanding unpleasantness may be answerable for higher % of medication release. Formulation F1 showed the most elevated medication discharge (97.735%), while the formulation F5 showed the least medication discharge (56.24%). Finally, it was inferred that SSG, SLS, D-mannitol, starch, lactose, and talcum powder can be effectively utilized in the formulation of Oseltamivir phosphate mouth dissolving tablets. Conclusion: From the above work it was presumed that the formulation of the Oseltamivir Phosphate was observed to be more achievable than the regular one.
COPING STYLE OF PARENTS OF PEDIATRIC CANCER PATIENTS AT A HOSPITAL A LIMA
Authors: Rosa Perez-Siguas
Published: January 2022

The coping that parents present with their child with cancer, they tend to differentiate and adapt during the situations that their child presents during each stage of treatment. The objective is to determine the Coping Style of parents of pediatric cancer patients at a Hospital in Lima. In the results, 1.2% of the study participants (2/168) have a medium coping capacity, while the majority, equivalent to 98.8% (166/168), have a high capacity of coping. It is concluded that a comprehensive care program should be accessed where it allows to elevate the areas affected by the stressful situation during the disease and by the aspects involved in having a family member with cancer.
Apostille Convention and Its Ramification Following the Accession of the Indonesian Legal Practices
Authors: Tan David
Published: January 2022

Indonesia has acceded to the 1961 Hague Apostille Convention in early 2021. The government decided the move based on the current endeavors to enhance the quality of civil services, investment rate, government transparency, and recovery efforts after the worldwide pandemic. At the same time, Indonesia’s initiative to accede to the convention is surprisingly unimpressive, considering the benefits for Indonesia due to its urgency. The study reinforces the present perspective of apostille to contribute to the handful of scholarly papers dealing with the apostille in the realm of private international law. This study employed a normative juridical research method with secondary data. The data were analyzed with qualitative analysis methods. This paper examined the issues of the 1961 Hague Apostille Convention from Indonesian perspective and its obstacles in the 21st century. Furthermore, analysis also covered various scientific articles concerning the apostille to increase insight and comprehension of Indonesia’s attempt to accede to the Hague Apostille Convention and the subsequent actions that Indonesia should consider. Finally, this study also highlights the further development for the apostille to avoid deficiencies and vulnerabilities.
Transcatheter Arterial Embolization in A Newborn with Cervical Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma and Kasabach-Merritt Phenomenon.
Authors: Peng Ying Hsuan , Lin Ming Chih , Quek Yeak Wun , Liu Wei Li , Lin Ting Yu , Jan Sheng Ling
Published: January 2022

We report a case of a 9-day-old newborn who underwent arterial
embolization for Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) with
Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon (KMP), combined with sirolimus treatment,
and the outcome was favorable. To the best of our knowledge, there are
no case reports of such small infants undergoing arterial embolization
to treat KHE. Our successful experience of treating KHE with KMP showed
that transcatheter arterial embolization is feasible and can be used as
an alternative to surgical resection, even in small infants.
Transcriptional expressions of SCNs family correlates with overall survival in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Peng Wenxing , Shi Xiujin , Wang Yifan , Qiao Huanyu , Lin Yang
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels encoded by SCNs are
heteromeric protein complexes containing pore-forming α subunits
together with non-pore-forming β subunits. Methods: To analyze the
expression of SCNs in the samples of different types of breast cancer
(BC) patients and the relationship between the expression of α and β
subunits and the prognosis of in BC patients, the study investigated the
roles of SCNs in the prognosis of BC using ONCOMINE, UALCAN,
Kaplan-Meier Plotter, GEPIA, Metascape, LinkedOmics databases. The study
analyzed significant changes of SCNs expression and prognosis in
transcription level between BC and normal samples, and association of
mRNA expression of distinct SCNs family members with prognosis in
overall BC patients and HER2-positive/HER2-negative subgroups,
respectively. Moreover, we predicted functions and pathways of the
mutations in SCNs and their neighbor genes in BC patients by GO/KEGG and
GSEA analysis. Results: The results showed that transcriptional and
proteinic expressions of 9 SCNs were downregulated in patients with BC,
including SCN1A~4A, 7A, 9A and SCN2B~4B.
low expressions of 11 SCNs members were found to be significantly
associated with poorer overall survival (OS) in BC patients (P＜0.01),
including SCN2A, 3A, 5A, 7A, 9A~11A and
SCN1B~4B. Moreover, prognostic value of mRNA expression
of SCNs could only be seen in HER2-negative BC patients when we
performed subgroup analysis. Conclusions: These results indicated that
SCNs could be prognostic biomarkers for survivals of BC patients. Some
medicines that regulate SCNs might provide new targets for BC treatment.
Feasibility of Hemp Seed Oil Oleogels Structured with Natural Wax as Solid Fat Replacement in Margarine
Authors: Hwang Hong-Sik , Kim Sanghoon , Winkler-Moser Jill , Lee S. , Liu Sean
Published: January 2022

Cold-pressed hempseed oil (HSO) is known to have many health benefits
due to many phytochemicals and high polyunsaturated fatty acids content.
In this study, HSO oleogels were prepared with 3, 5, and 7% natural
waxes including sunflower wax (SW), rice bran wax (RBW), beeswax, and
candelilla wax to evaluate their potential as solid fat replacements in
margarines and spreads. Firmness, crystal structures, and melting
properties of these oleogels were evaluated. In general, wax-based HSO
oleogels except for RBW-HSO oleogels had lower firmness and weaker
crystal network than the corresponding soybean oil (SBO) oleogels. In
contrast, RBW-HSO oleogels had similar firmness, comparable or stronger
crystal network, and higher melting and crystallization enthalpies
compared to those of SBO oleogels. After removing polar compounds from
HSO, waxes except for RBW provided oleogels with greater firmness,
higher melting and crystallization enthalpies, and stronger crystal
network. Therefore, it was concluded that polar compounds negatively
affected the physical properties of wax-HSO oleogels but not those of
RBW-HSO oleogels. Margarine samples were prepared with SW- and RBW-HSO
oleogels, and their firmness and melting properties were examined. The
firmness of these margarines indicated that wax-HSO oleogels may achieve
the firmness of commercial spreads with less than 3% wax while the
firmness of stick margarines cannot be achieved even with 7% wax.
Although the properties of wax-HSO oleogels should be further improved,
they showed potential as solid fat replacements in margarines and
spreads.
Forced Oscillation Technique: a surrogate measure of lung function in neuromuscular disease patients?
Authors: Veldhoen Esther , Roos Hans , Bekkema Rolien , Pol Ludo van der , Tinnevelt Marcel , Oudenrijn Laura Verweij-van den , Asperen Roelie Wösten-van , Hulzebos Erik H.J. , Wijngaarde Camiel , Ent Cornelis van der
Published: January 2022

Introduction Spirometry plays an important role in the assessment of
possible respiratory failure in children with neuromuscular disorders
(NMDs). However, obtaining reliable spirometry results is a major
challenge. We studied the relation between Forced Oscillation Technique
(FOT) and spirometry results. FOT is an easy, non-invasive method to
measure respiratory mechanics, i.e. respiratory resistance R and
respiratory reactance X. We hypothesized an increased resistance R and
reduced reactance X in patients with more reduced lung function. Methods
In this prospective single center study we included all children with
NMDs able to perform spirometry. We consecutively measured respiratory
resistance R and reactance X at 5, 11 and 19 Hz and (Forced) Vital
Capacity, Peak Expiratory Flow. Spearman correlation coefficients were
calculated and regression curves were estimated. Results We included 148
patients, with a median age of 13 years (IQR 8-16). All correlation
coefficients were statistically significant with p = 0.000. A negative
correlation was found between resistance R and spirometry outcomes
(spearman correlation coefficient (ρ) between -0.5 and -0.6). A positive
correlation was found between reactance X (i.e. less negative outcomes)
and spirometry outcomes (ρ between 0.4 and 0.6). Highest correlation was
found at lower frequencies. Regression analysis showed a non-linear
relation between FOT and spirometry results. Conclusion We found a
non-linear relation between FOT and spirometry results with increased
resistance R and reduced reactance X in patients with more restrictive
lung function decline. Given the difficulties with performing
spirometry, FOT may be a promising surrogate measure of lung function.
The Erroneous Appearance of Silver Nitrate on CT Imaging in Patients with Severe Otitis Externa; A Case Series
Authors: Javed Hafsa , Hashmi Salman , Qayyum Asad
Published: January 2022

Introduction Silver nitrate is commonly used within otolaryngology to
treat granulation tissue in severe otitis externa. It appears
radio-opaque on CT (computed tomography) imaging and therefore can mimic
bony fragments and foreign bodies. This is particularly cumbersome when
the phenomena correlates to the clinical complaint. Discussion We report
two cases of 73-year-old and 75-year-old males who presented with
chronic otalgia and discharge. Granulation tissue in the external
auditory canal was identified and chemically cauterised with silver
nitrate. Subsequent CT petrous bones demonstrated an unidentified
foreign body in the canal with extensive soft tissue swelling giving an
impression of a wick in situ and “minor bony erosion in the left
external acoustic canal” respectively. An additional CT of a
57-year-old female who had been treated with silver nitrate for
granulomatous tissue reported “multiple highly radiopaque foci in the
external auditory canal, suggestive of foreign body”. Though relatively
unknown, this phenomenon has been reported in literature. However, there
are few reports of silver nitrate artefacts in CT images of the head no
cases in the context of otitis externa. Our patients avoided further
imaging or surgery following clarification with the radiologists and
symptomatic improvement with long-term intravenous antibiotics.
Conclusion Given the prevalence of CT imaging and cauterization in
otolaryngology, we recommend contemporaneously documenting the use of
silver nitrate and highlighting this on request forms to avoid alarming
erroneous reports, unnecessary investigation and surgical procedures. We
also recommend, where clinically acceptable, to use silver nitrate prior
to imaging.
A service evaluation examining the requirement for Level 2 critical care in a major trauma centre
Authors: Galea Paul , Joyce Kirsten , Galea Sarah , Loughnane Frank
Published: January 2022

Critical care provision is fundamental in all developed health systems
in which severe disease and injury is managed. This is especially true
in major trauma centres and high-acuity establishments, where acutely
unstable patients can be admitted at any time, requiring clinical
monitoring and interventions appropriate for their burden of illness.
This single-centre, prospective service evaluation applied validated
scoring systems to a surgical population, sampling and following those
considered “high-risk” through to discharge or death, alongside all
intensive care unit (ICU) admissions during 2019. Primarily we aimed to
quantify the number of patients objectively suitable for Level 2
critical care, conventionally provided in a high-dependency unit (HDU)
setting. Secondary outcome measures included ICU readmission rate,
in-hospital mortality, and delays to ICU admission and discharge. Of the
“high-risk” surgical patients, more than eight per week were found to
have peri-operative Portsmouth Physiological and Operative Severity
Score for the enUmeration of Mortality and morbidity (P-POSSUM) scores
that would advocate critical care admission. Only one individual
received scheduled peri-operative critical care. Post-operative
mortality in this group was 6.1%, though none of these patients was
admitted to ICU prior to death. There were 605 ICU admissions in 2019,
with 32.1% of admitted days spent at the equivalent of Level 2 critical
care, which could have been administered in a HDU if one was available.
The ICU readmission rate was 6.45%. This data demonstrates substantial
unmet critical care needs, with patients not uncommonly managed in
clinically inappropriate areas for extended periods due to delays
accessing ICU. A designated HDU may mitigate clinical risk from this
subgroup, reducing morbidity and in-hospital mortality, and this
methodology for assessing requirements could be used in other similar
institutions.
Sensors in Cyber-Physical Systems Based on Android Operating System
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Bielik Valerii , Morozov Yuriy , Morozov Mykola
Published: January 2022

The cyber-physical systems take the major part of any system that help users to interact with environment processes. Cyber-physical systems are intelligent systems, which include networks of physical and computing components that interact on internal level. The basis for the development of various models of cyber-physical systems are the using of measuring instruments and their software. Measuring instruments are necessary to control technological parameters processes and the environment. The purpose was to investigate the features of interaction with sensors, to identify the most useful of them in use, to classify types and describe their capabilities for future use in developing of cyber-physical systems. The relevance of the choice of this topic is that mobile and cyber-physical systems occupy a significant place in modern life. The systems that help the user to simplify daily tasks are of maximum benefit. These tasks can be attributed to the tasks of the environment as they exist and are performed in it. Especially cyber-physical systems that interact with the environment have the ability to solve such problems. Sensors act as a tool of interaction, the so-called bridge between the environment and the program. Sensors collect and provide information for further processing and use in solving problems.
Assessing the Human Condition in Medical Cyber-Physical System Based on Microservices Architecture
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Computer Engineering Department, Havano Bohdan , Morozov Mykola
Published: January 2022

The goal of the work is to propose architectural and information model for assessing the human condition on the basis of microservice architecture in medical cyber-physical system, which, in contrast to the known models for assessing the human condition, can simultaneously provide scaling, fault tolerance and increase the speed of human condition assessment. The theoretical substantiation and the new decision of an actual scientific problem of development and research means of an estimation of a human condition in medical cyber-physical system have been considered. These means involve the parallel processing of data on vital signs of the human condition, organizing the means of information processing into separate independent logical elements — microservices, in comparison with other existing medical cyber-physical systems. An architectural model based on microservice architecture has been proposed.
Lower Devonian Zosterophyllum-like plants from central Victoria, Australia, and their significance
Authors: McSweeney Fearghus R. , Shimeta Jeff , Buckeridge John St J.S.
Published: January 2022

Three specimens belonging to Zosterophyllaceae are described. Two of these possess bilateral symmetry and are the first to be described with this arrangement from the Lower Devonian of Victoria. One of these specimens is similar to Zosterophyllum fertile, and the other cf. Zosterophyllum sp. A. is unusual in possessing vascularised long stalks. The third specimen described cf. Zosterophyllum sp. B. from Ghin Ghin Road, near Yea possesses a small spike and has sporangia that appear vertically elliptical and similar to some South China taxa. All the specimens are significantly different to previous zosterophyll taxa described from Victoria.
Taungurungia gen. nov., from the Lower Devonian of Yea, central Victoria, Australia
Authors: McSweeney Fearghus R. , Shimeta Jeff , Buckeridge John St J.S.
Published: January 2022

This paper records a new genus Taungurungia, which is the first new taxon with emergences to be described from the Lower Devonian of Victoria. The fossil is preserved primarily as a compression and impression, and lacks internal anatomy. The fossil extends our knowledge of known variations within early land plants, with most characteristics, such as emergences and H- or K-branching, redolent of affinities with the zosterophylls. However, having a large ovate terminal sporangium, the fossil adds to taxa that in some cases have been provisonally allied to the zosterophylls with elongate sporangia; this further demonstrates the need for reassessment of the Zosterophyllopsida.
Application of Higher Order Ordinary Differential Equation Model in Financial Investment Stock Price Forecast
Authors: Zhang Liqin , Tian Xiaojing , Chabani Zakariya
Published: January 2022

In order to improve the modelling efficiency in dynamic system prediction, this paper proposes a predictive model based on high-order normal differential equations to model high-order differential data to obtain an explicit model. The high-order constant differential equation model is reduced, and the numerical method is used to solve the predictive value. The results show that the method realises the synchronisation of model establishment and parameter optimisation, and greatly enhances the modelling efficiency.
Theoretical Study of the Unconstrained and Constrained Nonlinear Optimal Discrete Time State Feedback Control
Authors: György Katalin , Dávid László
Published: January 2022

Majority of the optimal control techniques can only be applied successfully if the model of the controlled process is known and it is linear. If the system model is nonlinear, then this nonlinear model can be approximated with different simple, linear models. However, these models are valid only in the neighbourhood of the operating points. The success of the control algorithms is highly dependent on the used linearization methods. The aim of the paper is to compare different optimal control algorithms and linearization methods. The presented optimal control algorithms have been also tested in constrained and unconstrained versions.
Image Processing Methods for Gesture-Based Robot Control
Authors: Zaatri Abdelouahab , Aboud Hamama
Published: January 2022

In this paper we discuss some image processing methods that can be used for motion recognition of human body parts such as hands or arms in order to interact with robots. This interaction is usually associated to gesture-based control. The considered image processing methods have been experienced for feature recognition in applications involving human robot interaction. They are namely: Sequential Similarity Detection Algorithm (SSDA), an appearance-based approach that uses image databases to model objects, and Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi (KLT) algorithm which is usually used for feature tracking. We illustrate the gesture-based interaction by using KLT algorithm. We discuss the adaptation of each of these methods to the context of gesture-based robot interaction and some of their related issues.