bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A cycle of exclusion that impedes suicide research among racial and ethnic minority youth
Authors: Polanco‐Roman Lillian , Miranda Regina
Published: April 2021

In the United States, suicide risk for Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) is most concentrated before age 30, which contrasts with non‐Hispanic White groups, for whom the highest risk period is during ages 50–65. The need for a better understanding of the underlying causes of suicidal behavior among BIPOC youth is critical. Cultural considerations were recommended over a decade ago to advance the study of youth suicide prevention and research. Without addressing the barriers to implementing these recommendations in limited‐resourced settings, however, the mental health needs of BIPOC youth at risk for suicide will continue to go unmet. In this commentary, we outline structural barriers in research that perpetuate a cycle of exclusion wherein an understudied, though timely, research area faces undue burdens across the research cycle, which impedes the study of suicide risk among BIPOC youth.
Crisis and public intellectuals: From the transnational intellectual field to the digital global public circuit
Authors: Joignant Alfredo , Basaure Mauro
Published: April 2021

We examine the modes of intervention of global public intellectuals at times of crisis. In critical situations, public intellectuals take positions on matters that affect the societies they inhabit and, eventually, all humanity. To this end, they take advantage of the opportunities afforded by new communications technologies, establishing an important distinction between the “analog” intellectual (who relies on the slow time of books, opinion columns, and bookstores) and the “digital” intellectual who uses modern information and communications technologies. To study the activities of global public intellectuals and their political influence, we propose to leave aside the notion of “transnational intellectual field” in favor of an understanding of a transnational intellectual stage peopled by a certain type of intellectual agent whose symbolic and cultural production is disseminated through a digital global public circuit. To illustrate the functioning of a circuit of this type, we take the example of the Project Syndicate platform.
Candidate emergence as movement mobilization: An analysis of Women's post‐2016 electoral engagement
Authors: Gordon Katie M.
Published: April 2021

Political science scholarship argues that women's underrepresentation in American politics stems from a persistent shortage of female candidates. Women are less likely to run because they often perceive individual and structural obstacles that negatively impact their electoral interest. Such barriers remain intact, yet thousands of women have signaled their interest in running for office since the 2016 election by participating in candidate training programs (CTPs). Though running for office is not commonly defined as an activist activity, this article argues that theories of collective action and movement mobilization, rather than those focusing on the psychological aspects of candidate emergence, are better equipped to explain the recent increase of electoral interest. Using EMILY's List—an elite political entity that began as a grassroots social movement organization—as a case, this article integrates scholarship from sociology and political science to examine how feminist activist organizing can impact women's interest in running for public office. I first review the research on women's candidate emergence and CTPs before discussing the electoral movement strategies and the mobilizing impact of the media and collective action frames. The article reviews recent scholarship on the Women's March and the Resistance, then synthesizes the literature to examine EMILY's List and their electoral movement strategies leading up to the 2018 midterm elections. I conclude by suggesting avenues for future research that can bridge the relationship between movements and electoral politics and advance scholarly understanding of how, when, and why women run for office.
An ecological approach to personality: Psychological traits as drivers and consequences of active perception
Authors: Satchell Liam Paul , Kaaronen Roope Oskari , Latzman Robert D.
Published: April 2021

The ecological approach to perception highlights how organisms engage in active perception and that the environment is understood relative to an individual's physical traits. Personality research draws attention to the variability in psychological traits that affect the way individuals differentially explore and anticipate the world. The current paper identifies compatibilities in these fields and suggests that personality both initiates and perpetuates the manner with which individuals engage in active perception. Personality traits both drive and limit perceptual refinement of the world and also lead to the construction of niches to suit personality. Here, we explore the benefits for considering individual differences in perception and active perception in regards to personality theory, comparative psychology, mental health, research methodology, and intervention. We conclude by encouraging both ecological and personality research to consider the benefits of understanding personality traits as mechanisms for initiating or constraining active perception.
Injured recipients of low‐titer group O whole blood have similar clinical outcomes compared to recipients of conventional component therapy: A single‐center, retrospective study
Authors: Yazer Mark H. , Freeman Andrew , Harrold Ian M. , Anto Vincent , Neal Matthew D. , Triulzi Darrell J. , Sperry Jason L. , Seheult Jansen N.
Published: April 2021

Introduction

Low‐titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) is being increasingly transfused to injured patients. This study evaluated a range of clinical outcomes to determine if receipt of LTOWB predisposed recipients to worse outcomes compared to recipients of conventional component therapy (CCT).

Methods

A retrospective analysis of trauma patients who received at least 3 units of LTOWB (LTOWB group) versus those that received at least 3 units of RBCs, 1 unit of plasma and 1 unit of platelets but no LTOWB (CCT group) during the first 24 h of their admission was performed. Causal treatment effects were explored using propensity score matching (PSM) and coarsened exact matching (CEM). Important clinical outcomes were evaluated.

Results

There were 165 CCT and 155 LTOWB recipients eligible for matching. PSM and CEM reduced covariate imbalances between the CCT and LTOWB groups, with the exception that males remained over‐represented in the LTOWB group due to the hospital's former resuscitation policy of not administering RhD‐positive LTOWB to females <50. In both of the matched analyses, the LTOWB group received a median of 4 LTOWB units. There were no significant differences in 6‐, 24‐h mortality or 30‐day mortality between groups, nor were there differences in the frequency of other clinical outcomes such as acute kidney injury, sepsis, venous/arterial thromboembolism; delta MODS was lower for the LTOWB recipients in the exact match group.

Conclusion

In both matched analyses, administration of a median of four LTOWB units did not result in a different frequency of major clinical outcomes including mortality.
Analysis of HOX gene expression and the effects of HOXA9 overexpression in fibroblasts derived from keloid lesions and normal skin
Authors: Hahn Jennifer M. , McFarland Kevin L. , Combs Kelly A. , Anness Meridith C. , Supp Dorothy M.
Published: April 2021

Keloids are fibroproliferative lesions resulting from an abnormal wound healing process due to pathological mechanisms that remain incompletely understood. Keloids tend to occur more frequently in anterior versus posterior body regions (e.g., ears, face, upper torso); this has been attributed to higher skin tension in those areas, although this has not yet been conclusively proven. Previous studies reported reduced expression of multiple homeobox (HOX) genes in keloid versus normal fibroblasts, suggesting a role for HOX genes in keloid pathology. However, HOX genes are differentially expressed along the anterior–posterior axis. Hypothetically, differential HOX expression may be due to differences in body sites, as matched donor sites are often unavailable for keloids and normal skin. To better understand the basis for differential HOX gene expression in cells from keloids compared with normal skin, we compared HOXA7, HOXA9, HOXC8 and HOXC11 expression in keloid and normal skin‐derived fibroblasts from various body sites. When keloid (N = 20) and normal (N = 12) fibroblast cell strains were evaluated, expression of HOXA7, HOXA9 and HOXC8 was significantly lower in keloid versus normal fibroblasts. However, HOX gene expression was lower in fibroblasts from more anterior versus posterior body sites. When keloid and normal cells from similar body sites were compared, differential HOX expression was not observed. To investigate the phenotypic relevance of HOX expression, HOXA9 was overexpressed in keloid and normal fibroblasts. HOXA9 overexpression did not affect proliferation but significantly reduced fibroblast migration and altered gene expression. The results suggest that differential HOX expression may be due to differences in positional identity between keloid and normal fibroblasts. However, HOX genes can potentially regulate fibroblast phenotype, suggesting that differential HOX gene expression may play a role in keloid development in anterior body sites.
Pancreas preservation with amphotericin B deteriorates islet yield for porcine islet isolation
Authors: Sawada Sayaka , Miyagi‐Shiohira Chika , Kuwae Kazuho , Tamaki Yoshihito , Nishime Kai , Sakai‐Yonaha Mayuko , Yonaha Tasuku , Saitoh Issei , Watanabe Masami , Noguchi Hirofumi
Published: April 2021

Background

Amphotericin B is a crucial agent in the management of serious systemic fungal infections. It is also known to be cytotoxic. In this study, we evaluated the effect of amphotericin B added to the preservation solution on islet yield during islet isolation.

Methods

Porcine pancreata were preserved in the preservation solution with or without amphotericin B (0.25 μg/mL) for approximately 18 hours at 4°C, and then islet isolation was performed. An optimized number (1750 IE) of isolated islets from each group were transplanted into streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice. The culture of isolated islets and acinar tissue with amphotericin B was also evaluated.

Results

The islet yield before and after purification in the amphotericin B (−) group was significantly higher than that in the amphotericin B (+) group. After islet transplantation into diabetic mice, blood glucose levels reached the normoglycemic range, with 50% and 0% of that of the diabetic mice in the amphotericin B (−) and amphotericin B (+) groups, respectively. In the culture study, amphotericin B was found to be cytotoxic to porcine islets and acinar tissue.

Conclusions

Amphotericin B added to the preservation solution deteriorates islet yield during porcine islet isolation. Thus, the use of amphotericin B should be considered carefully for the preservation of the pancreas for islet isolation and islet culture before islet transplantation.
Mathematical modeling of bioprocesses with the use of fractional order derivatives
Authors: Suvandzhieva Vladimira Rumenova
Published: April 2021

This work brings together two recently discussed topics: mathematical modeling of a bioreactor and working with derivatives of non-integer order. Generally, it turns out that it is reasonable to replace the integer order derivatives in some of the already well known mathematical models describing bioprocesses with fractional order ones. However, the specific structure of such type of derivatives makes the study of the properties of the models a real challenge. This work contains primary results for modeling of a bioreactor with appropriately selected numerical approximations. Different scenarios are taken into consideration: starting from the simplest one - without mortality and then complicating by adding nonzero mortality term. In the classical case the solution of the system of differential equations describing the process has a specific behaviour in terms of monotonicity. Therefore, the focus of the further examinations is to find out whether it is possible to generalize the model into a fractional order one such that the key properties considering monotonicity still hold. The results show that the latter requires certain dependencies between the orders of the derivatives in the mathematical model. The hypothesis is based on two types of experiments which are described in detail. Lotka-Volterra and Monod specific growth rate are used in the mathematical model. The paper contains figures which illustrate the results from different numerical computations performed via Wolfram Mathematica software.
Flow Through a Pipe With a Porous Wall
Authors: Olson F. C. W.
Published: April 2021

The problem of the flow through a long unbranched pipe with uniformly spaced orifices presents some undesirable mathematical difficulties. These can be avoided by solving the related problem of the flow through a pipe with a porous wall. The differential equations for the pressure drop and flow are derived and the relation between them is indicated. A solution for the flow is obtained in terms of elliptic functions in such form that numerical results can be obtained readily from existing tables.
The Use of the Centrifugal Pendulum Absorber for the Reduction of Linear Vibration
Authors: Reed F. E.
Published: April 2021

A machine, consisting of rotating tuned pendulums free to oscillate in planes containing the axis of rotation, is proposed as a dynamic absorber for linear vibrations. The influences of size, exactness of tuning, and damping are investigated and curves for evaluating the effectiveness of the machine are shown.
Primary Creep in the Design of Internal-Pressure Vessels
Authors: Coffin L. F. , Shepler P. R. , Cherniak G. S.
Published: April 2021

The paper evaluates the stresses and the permanent strains at a particular time, resulting from loading a thick-walled cylinder under constant internal pressure and elevated temperature when account is taken of the primary creep characteristics of a given material. The results are compared with permanent strains obtained by considering secondary creep as the general basis for pressure-vessel design. For a thick-walled cylinder of wall ratio of R1/R0 = 2 and of 12 per cent chromium steel, operating under 12,000 psi at 850 F, the permanent strain at the end of 25 hr by the primary-creep analysis was found to be equal to the strain at the end of 2000 hr, considering only secondary creep. The methods formulated are shown to be suitable for design of pressure vessels intended for short life.
On Vibrations of a Two-Bar Elastic System With a Small Rise
Authors: Woinowsky-Krieger S.
Published: April 2021

This paper treats the problem of the transverse vibration of a three-hinged system of elastic bars with a small ratio of rise to span. Owing to a nonlinear relation between the acting forces and the deflection, two strictly distinct types of vibration, with an intermediate limiting case of vanishing frequency, can be stated. The problem of elastic stability of the system in the case of a load applied suddenly is also discussed. The system treated is the simplest one in a class of systems, whose elastic stability under statical loads has been investigated in some detail, but whose dynamical properties are still known only very incompletely.
A Mechanical Analyzer for Computing Transient Stresses in Airplane Structures
Authors: Bisplinghoff R. L. , Pian T. H. H. , Levy L. I.
Published: April 2021

A mechanical-analogy-type analyzer is described which is used for computing the transient stresses in an undamped elastic structure. The two main functions of the analyzer are (a) to evaluate the stresses due to the deformations of an elastic structure in its various normal modes, and (b) to superpose the effects of the modes with proper regard taken of their phase relations. Function (a) is accomplished by the use of torsional-pendulum simulators, and function (b) by the proper design of the electronic pickup and recording circuit. The analyzer is particularly useful in the determination of dynamic landing stresses in airplane structures.
Temperature Distribution in a Steady, Laminar, Preheated Air Jet
Authors: Yih Chia-Shun
Published: April 2021

This paper contains an exact closed solution for the temperature distribution in a preheated air jet when the flow is steady and laminar. Both the two-dimensional and the axially symmetrical cases have been treated. The solution is immediately applicable to other similar problems of diffusion.
Long-term dietary patterns are associated with pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory features of the gut microbiome
Authors: Bolte Laura A , Vich Vila Arnau , Imhann Floris , Collij Valerie , Gacesa Ranko , Peters Vera , Wijmenga Cisca , Kurilshikov Alexander , Campmans-Kuijpers Marjo J E , Fu Jingyuan , Dijkstra Gerard , Zhernakova Alexandra , Weersma Rinse K
Published: April 2021

Objective

The microbiome directly affects the balance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses in the gut. As microbes thrive on dietary substrates, the question arises whether we can nourish an anti-inflammatory gut ecosystem. We aim to unravel interactions between diet, gut microbiota and their functional ability to induce intestinal inflammation.

Design

We investigated the relation between 173 dietary factors and the microbiome of 1425 individuals spanning four cohorts: Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome and the general population. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed to profile gut microbial composition and function. Dietary intake was assessed through food frequency questionnaires. We performed unsupervised clustering to identify dietary patterns and microbial clusters. Associations between diet and microbial features were explored per cohort, followed by a meta-analysis and heterogeneity estimation.

Results

We identified 38 associations between dietary patterns and microbial clusters. Moreover, 61 individual foods and nutrients were associated with 61 species and 249 metabolic pathways in the meta-analysis across healthy individuals and patients with IBS, Crohn’s disease and UC (false discovery rate<0.05). Processed foods and animal-derived foods were consistently associated with higher abundances of Firmicutes,Ruminococcusspecies of theBlautiagenus and endotoxin synthesis pathways. The opposite was found for plant foods and fish, which were positively associated with short-chain fatty acid-producing commensals and pathways of nutrient metabolism.

Conclusion

We identified dietary patterns that consistently correlate with groups of bacteria with shared functional roles in both, health and disease. Moreover, specific foods and nutrients were associated with species known to infer mucosal protection and anti-inflammatory effects. We propose microbial mechanisms through which the diet affects inflammatory responses in the gut as a rationale for future intervention studies.
A quantitative analysis of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juvenile dentition as a tool to assess the effect of diet
Authors: de Azevedo A.M. , Fontanillas R. , Owen M.A.G. , Busti S. , Parma L. , Bonaldo A. , Witten P.E. , Huysseune A.
Published: April 2021

Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758 (Perciformes, Sparidae)) is an important aquaculture species in the Mediterranean Sea basin. Yet, quantitative data on its dentition under standard farming conditions are currently lacking. Furthermore, it is unknown if the dentition can adapt to food of different sizes. Here, we describe the lower jaw dentition of juvenile S. aurata fed a standard pellet size (4 mm) and present a detailed analysis of 11 representative teeth. Overall, the number of teeth showed large individual variation, but it was not significantly related to fish length. Considerable left–right differences were observed, without clear side dominance. We also assessed the influence of feeding S. aurata a smaller (2 mm) or larger (6 mm) pellet size. Four months of feeding with different pellet sizes did not cause detectable differences in total tooth number on the dentaries at the time of harvest, nor in size of the teeth assumed to be most relevant in food processing. If and how different pellet sizes may nevertheless affect digestion, and eventually fish health, is subject for further studies.
Dynamic wormhole geometries in hybrid metric-Palatini gravity
Authors: Kord Zangeneh Mahdi , Lobo Francisco S. N.
Published: April 2021

In this work, we analyse the evolution of time-dependent traversable wormhole geometries in a Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker background in the context of the scalar–tensor representation of hybrid metric-Palatini gravity. We deduce the energy–momentum profile of the matter threading the wormhole spacetime in terms of the background quantities, the scalar field, the scale factor and the shape function, and find specific wormhole solutions by considering a barotropic equation of state for the background matter. We find that particular cases satisfy the null and weak energy conditions for all times. In addition to the barotropic equation of state, we also explore a specific evolving wormhole spacetime, by imposing a traceless energy–momentum tensor for the matter threading the wormhole and find that this geometry also satisfies the null and weak energy conditions at all times.
Constraints on long range force from perihelion precession of planets in a gauged $$L_e-L_{\mu ,\tau }$$ scenario
Authors: Poddar Tanmay Kumar , Mohanty Subhendra , Jana Soumya
Published: April 2021

The standard model leptons can be gauged in an anomaly free way by three possible gauge symmetries namely $${L_e-L_\mu }$$

L
e

-

L
μ

, $${L_e-L_\tau }$$

L
e

-

L
τ

, and $${L_\mu -L_\tau }$$

L
μ

-

L
τ

. Of these, $${L_e-L_\mu }$$

L
e

-

L
μ

and $${L_e-L_\tau }$$

L
e

-

L
τ

forces can mediate between the Sun and the planets and change the perihelion precession of planetary orbits. It is well known that a deviation from the $$1/r^2$$

1
/

r
2

Newtonian force can give rise to a perihelion advancement in the planetary orbit, for instance, as in the well known case of Einstein’s gravity (GR) which was tested from the observation of the perihelion advancement of the Mercury. We consider the long range Yukawa potential which arises between the Sun and the planets if the mass of the gauge boson is $$M_{Z^{\prime }}\le \mathcal {O}(10^{-19})\mathrm {eV}$$

M

Z
′

≤
O

(

10

-
19

)

eV

. We derive the formula of perihelion advancement for Yukawa type fifth force due to the mediation of such $$U(1)_{L_e-L_{\mu ,\tau }}$$

U

(
1
)

L
e

-

L

μ
,
τ

gauge bosons. The perihelion advancement for Yukawa potential is proportional to the square of the semi major axis of the orbit for small $$M_{Z^{\prime }}$$

M

Z
′

, unlike GR where it is largest for the nearest planet. For higher values of $$M_{Z^{\prime }}$$

M

Z
′

, an exponential suppression of the perihelion advancement occurs. We take the observational limits for all planets for which the perihelion advancement is measured and we obtain the upper bound on the gauge boson coupling g for all the planets. The Mars gives the stronger bound on g for the mass range $$\le 10^{-19}\mathrm {eV}$$

≤

10

-
19

eV

and we obtain the exclusion plot. This mass range of gauge boson can be a possible candidate of fuzzy dark matter whose effect can therefore be observed in the precession measurement of the planetary orbits.
C0-stability of topological entropy for contactomorphisms
Authors: Dahinden Lucas
Published: April 2021

Topological entropy is not lower semi-continuous: small perturbation of the dynamical system can lead to a collapse of entropy. In this note we show that for some special classes of dynamical systems (geodesic flows, Reeb flows, positive contactomorphisms) topological entropy at least is stable in the sense that there exists a nontrivial continuous lower bound, given that a certain homological invariant grows exponentially.
Pelvic Chondrosarcoma Treated by En Bloc Resection with Patient-Specific Osteotomy Guides and Reimplantation of the Extracorporeally Irradiated Bone as an Osseocartilaginous Structural Orthotopic Autograft: A Report of Two Cases with Description of the Surgical Technique
Authors: Gkagkalis Georgios , Moerenhout Kevin , Rüdiger Hannes A. , Müller Daniel A. , Letovanec Igor , Cherix Stephane
Published: April 2021

Primary tumors of the pelvis are considered difficult to treat due to the complex anatomy and the proximity of important neurovascular structures. The surgical armamentarium for the treatment of these tumors has evolved with the help of cutting-edge technology from debilitating hemipelvectomies to solutions such as precise resections guided by patient-specific instruments or computer navigation and reconstruction by modular prostheses, 3D-printed custom-made implants, or orthotopic autograft reimplantation after extracorporeal irradiation. Different combinations of these techniques have been described in the literature with various rates of success. We present two cases of pelvic chondrosarcomas successfully treated by a combination of periacetabular resection with patient-specific osteotomy guides and orthotopic reimplantation of the extracorporeally irradiated autograft resulting in retention of the native hip.
Network Pharmacology-Based Analysis of the Underlying Mechanism of Huajiao for Pain Relief
Authors: Wu Mingquan , Du Hong-Ling , Zhou Xu , Peng Wei , Liu Limei , Zhang Zhong , Tu He
Published: April 2021

Objective. Pain is a common symptom among patients, and pain management is an important clinical practice topic. The mechanism of Huajiao (HJ; Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.) and its effective components for treating pain was explored using network pharmacology and molecular docking to verify its pain relief function in traditional medical practice. Methods. HJ’s components were collected via the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology platform and published studies. HJ-associated target proteins were predicted using the drug similarity rule via Swiss Target Prediction. Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man was used to search for pain-related genes and proteins, and the Database of Interacting Proteins was used to obtain the human interactive target proteins. The compound-target-disease network of HJ for pain relief was constructed with protein-protein interaction networks. The obtained target proteins were uploaded on the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery to annotate, visualize, and integrally discover the related signaling pathway, and semiflexible molecular docking by Autodock Vina was applied to verify the potential mechanism. Results. A total of 157 molecules in HJ were obtained, and the top 20 active components or active groups were mainly focused on the amide alkaloids (e.g., [6RS]-[2E,7E,9E]-6-hydroxy-N-[2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl]-11-oxo-2,7,9-dodecatrienamide and [2E,7E,9E]-N-[2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl]-11-ethoxy-6-hydroxy-dodeca-2,7,9-trienamide). Also, the 66 main targets were filtered from 746 predicted targets and 928 pain-related targets through module Network Analyzer in Cytoscape 3.6.0. Finally, there were 3 critical signaling pathways, including mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B-mammalian target of rapamycin, and IκB kinase-nuclear factor κB-cyclooxygenase 2 based on integrated discovery with 54 enriched signaling pathways. Conclusions. HJ is used as a pain relief and has multicomponents, multitargets, and multiapproaches. Amide alkaloids are important substance bases, and HJ is more suitable for treating inflammatory pain.
Outcome Analysis of Intramedullary Nailing Augmented with Poller Screws for Treating Difficult Reduction Fractures of Femur and Tibia: a Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Guo Junfei , Zha Junpu , Di Jun , Yin Yingchao , Hou Zhiyong , Zhang Yingze
Published: April 2021

Purpose. Poller screws may serve as an adjunctive reduction tool and aid fracture reduction while augmented with intramedullary (IM) nailing for treating diaphyseal or metaphyseal fractures of the femur and tibia. However, there is no consistent conclusion about whether the method of using IM nailing augmented with poller screws is more advantageous than using IM nailing alone. Methods. A total of 96 patients who received IM nailing with or without supportive poller screw for treating long‐bone fractures in lower limbs and who experienced difficulties in performing reduction or IM insertion during the surgical process were included in this retrospective cohort study (33 patients with poller screws in group A versus 63 patients without poller screws in group B). Patient demographics including age, gender, and body mass index; injury‐related data including fracture location, classification, and injury mechanism; operation‐related data including American Society of Anesthesiologists, duration of operation, poller screw time, method of anesthesia, and volume of intraoperative hemorrhage; outcomes including fracture healing time; and incidence of outcomes of nonunion, malunion, infection, and secondary surgical procedures were evaluated. Results. Fracture healing time of patients in group A was significantly shorter than that of group B (18.3 ± 4.8 weeks versus 24.3 ± 3.0 weeks, p = 0.023). Union rate was higher (100.0% versus 87.3%, p = 0.048), and malunion rate and secondary surgical procedure rate were lower (both are 3.0% versus 19.0%, p = 0.031) in group A than that of group B. Conclusion. Poller screw augmentation of IM nailing is a favourable option to shorten fracture healing time and to reduce complication rates in terms of nonunion, malunion, and secondary surgical procedure in the treatment of both diaphyseal/metaphyseal fractures of the femur or tibia while compare with those treated by IM nailing alone.
Low-Dose Prednisone Treatment for IVIG-Resistant Kawasaki Disease with Severe Arthritis and Joint Effusion in Two 3-Year-Old Children
Authors: Fan Lingling , Lv Huimin , Jiang Shujuan , Qin Daogang
Published: April 2021

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a global disease in children. The etiology and pathogenesis are unknown. Complications vary among patients. Fever can persist in some after immune globulin (IVIG) administration, termed IVIG-resistant KD. Here, we report two cases of IVIG-resistant KD with severe arthritis. The diagnosis of arthritis was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showing joint effusion. Remarkably, fever and joint pain had not receded after the second dose of IVIG. To further manage the symptoms, we prescribed low-dose oral prednisone with success. Both fever and joint pain were diminished. We ponder that the low-dose prednisone might be an option to treat IVIG-resistant KD with severe arthritis.
Social-Aware Edge Caching Strategy of Video Resources in 5G Ultra-Dense Network
Authors: Jia Shijie , Zhou Zhen , Li WeiLing , Ma Youzhong , Zhang Ruiling , Wang Tianyin
Published: April 2021

The video traffic offloading in edge networks is an effective method for remission of congestion of backward paths in 5G networks by continual optimization of video distribution to promote scale and efficiency of video delivery in edge networks (e.g., D2D-based near-end sharing). Because the video resources are dispersedly cached in local buffer of mobile devices of video users, the management of local video resources of video users in edge networks (e.g., caching and removing of local videos) causes dynamic variation of video distribution in networks. The real-time adjustment of local resources of users in terms of the influence levels (e.g., promotion and recession) of video sharing performance is significant for the continual distribution optimization. In this paper, we propose a novel Social-aware Edge Caching Strategy of Video Resources in 5G Ultra-Dense Network (SECS). SECS designs an estimation method of interest domain of users, which employs the Spectral Clustering to generate initial video clusters and makes use of the Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) to refine the initial video clusters. A user clustering method is proposed, which enables the users with common and similar interests to be clustered into the same groups by estimating similarity levels of interest domain between users. SECS designs a performance-aware video caching strategy, which enables the users intelligently implement management (caching and removing) of local video resources in terms of influence for the intragroup sharing performance. Extensive tests show how SECS achieves much better performance results in comparison with the state-of-the-art solutions.
Permanent Pacemaker Implantation in a Patient with Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy and Complete Atrioventricular Block
Authors: Terui Toshihiro , Iwai-Takano Masumi , Watanabe Tomoyuki
Published: April 2021

This case report presents a patient with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) and complete atrioventricular (AV) block who was treated with permanent pacemaker implantation. A 78-year-old woman with a history of hypertension presented with a 6-month history of palpitations. On initial evaluation, her heart rate was 40 beats/minute. Electrocardiography revealed a complete AV block and T-wave inversion in these leads: I, II, aVL, aVF, and V3–6. Echocardiography showed akinesis from the midventricle to the apex and hyperkinesis on the basal segments. The patient was diagnosed with TCM and complete AV block. Because improvement of TCM may subsequently improve the AV node dysfunction associated with TCM, the patient was admitted for treatment of heart failure without pacemaker implantation. The left ventricular (LV) abnormal wall motion improved gradually; however, the AV block persisted intermittently. On hospital day 14, a pause of 5–6 seconds without LV contraction was observed, and permanent pacemaker implantation was performed. On day 92, echocardiography revealed normal LV wall motion. However, electrocardiography revealed that the pacemaker rhythm with atrial sensing and ventricular pacing remained. Although specific degree of damage that may result from AV block associated with TCM is unknown, some of these patients require pacemaker implantation, despite improvement of abnormality in LV wall motion.
Awareness of and Preferences for Preexposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) among MSM at High Risk of HIV Infection in Southern China: Findings from the T2T Study
Authors: Chen Weiying , Ding Yi , Chen Jianghao , Zhao Peipei , Wang Zhenyu , Meng Xiaojun , Jia Tianjian , Zheng Heping , Yang Bin , Luo Zhenzhou , Zou Huachun
Published: April 2021

This study is aimed at investigating the awareness of and preferences for oral and long‐acting injectable HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and their associated factors among men who have sex with men (MSM) at high risk of HIV infection in southern China. A cross‐sectional survey was conducted among 603 MSM who were recruited through a cohort study called the T2T Study at three sexual health clinics in Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Wuxi, China, from 2017 to 2018. We collected information on HIV‐negative participants’ awareness of and willingness to use PrEP and its potential correlations. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used for data analyses. A total of 550 HIV‐negative MSM were enrolled in the study. Less than half of at‐risk MSM (43.1%) had heard of PrEP before, and the rate of overall willingness to use PrEP was 65.8%, while MSM were more willing to use daily oral PrEP than long‐acting injectable‐ (LAI‐) PrEP (62.2% vs. 38.5%). MSM who had university degrees or above (aOR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.01‐2.37), used condoms during last anal sex (1.52, 1.01‐2.29), and tested 3 times or more for HIV (2.45, 1.10‐5.47) were more likely to be aware of PrEP. MSM who had use of gay dating apps (1.51, 1.02‐2.23), ever participated in HIV‐ or sexually transmitted disease (STD‐) related studies (1.91, 1.24‐2.94), and had heard of PrEP (3.06, 2.06‐4.54) were more willing to use any regimen of PrEP. MSM at high risk of HIV infection had low awareness of PrEP and moderate willingness to use PrEP. Further studies of the implementation and promotion of PrEP targeting at‐risk MSM should be performed.
On the Porous-Elastic System with Thermoelasticity of Type III and Distributed Delay: Well-Posedness and Stability
Authors: Ouchenane Djamel , Choucha Abdelbaki , Abdalla Mohamed , Boulaaras Salah Mahmoud , Cherif Bahri Belkacem
Published: April 2021

The paper deals with a one-dimensional porous-elastic system with thermoelasticity of type III and distributed delay term. This model is dealing with dynamics of engineering structures and nonclassical problems of mathematical physics. We establish the well posedness of the system, and by the energy method combined with Lyapunov functions, we discuss the stability of system for both cases of equal and nonequal speeds of wave propagation.
Diogenes Laertius 7.134
Authors: Frede †Michael
Published: April 2021

In describing the Stoic principles, the manuscript tradition of DL 7.134 preserves readings which variously call them σώματα, ‘bodies’, or ἀσώματα, ‘incorporeals’; but the Suida quotes this passage with ἀσωμάτους, ‘incorporeal’. This paper shows that the Suida has the best reading (and that, in any case, σώματα is least likely to be right). This is not the only, or the clearest, case where the Suida can correct our text: another example considered here concerns DL 7.74.
Sudden Sensorineural Hearing and Vestibular Loss in a Case of Relapsing Polychondritis
Authors: Akdoğan Özge , Exilus Smirnov , Ward Bryan K. , McArthur Justin C. , Della Santina Charles C. , Carey John P.
Published: April 2021

Objectives:

To report a case of profound bilateral sensorineural hearing and vestibular loss from relapsing polychondritis and hearing outcomes after cochlear implantation.

Methods:

Case report and literature review.

Results:

A 43 year-old woman developed sudden loss of hearing and balance that progressed over several weeks to bilateral, profound hearing and vestibular loss. Steroid treatments were ineffective. She underwent vestibular physical therapy and left cochlear implantation. About 10 months after her initial presentation, she developed erythema, warmth, swelling, and pain of the left auricle sparing the lobule, flattening of the bridge of her nose, and right ankle swelling, warmth, and skin erythema. A biopsy of the left auricle revealed histopathologic findings consistent with relapsing polychondritis. She was treated with high dose prednisolone. The ear inflammation resolved, however, despite excellent auditory response to pure tone thresholds, the patient reported no improvement in speech perception after cochlear implantation.

Conclusions:

Relapsing polychondritis can present with rapidly progressive, profound loss of hearing and vestibular function. Hearing outcomes after cochlear implantation can include poor speech discrimination despite good pure tone detection thresholds.
Sleep Dysfunction is an Independent Predictor of Productivity Losses in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Oakley Gretchen M. , Smith Kristine A. , Ashby Shaelene , Orlandi Richard R. , Alt Jeremiah A.
Published: April 2021

Background:

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is known to have a significant impact on economic productivity. Sleep dysfunction is associated with staggering productivity losses and is highly prevalent in patients with CRS. The effect of sleep dysfunction on productivity in CRS has not been elucidated. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between sleep dysfunction and lost productivity in patients with CRS.

Methods:

Eighty-two adult patients with CRS were prospectively enrolled into a cross-sectional cohort study. Patients with obstructive sleep apnea were excluded. Sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Presenteeism (reduced work efficiency), absenteeism (missed work days), and lost work, household, and overall productivity were analyzed. The primary aim was assessing the correlation between PSQI and productivity. Regression analyses were performed to account for disease severity, pain, and depression.

Results:

Sleep dysfunction is significantly correlated with overall lost productivity (R2 = 0.397, P < .05). Presenteeism is the most strongly affected by sleep dysfunction (R2 = –0.441, P < .001). Higher PSQI scores were significantly associated with productivity losses, whereas lower scores were not. Sleep remained an independent predictor of productivity when regression analysis accounted for disease severity, depression, and pain.

Conclusion:

Sleep dysfunction has a significant association with lost productivity in patients with CRS, particularly with worsening PSQI scores. More clearly defining those components of CRS that most impact a patient’s daily function will allow clinicians to more optimally manage and counsel patients with CRS.
Giant Congenital Blue Nevus Presenting as Cutis Verticis Gyrata: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Cullom Melissa E. , Fraga Garth R. , Reeves Alan R. , Bhavsar Dhaval , Andrews Brian T.
Published: April 2021

Objectives:

Cerebriform intradermal nevus and giant congenital blue nevi are rarely reported melanocytic nevi with clinical and histopathologic similarities. Both are known to produce cutis verticis gyrata. We report a significantly large occipital scalp congenital blue nevus with secondary cutis verticis gyrata. The aim of this report is to increase clinical awareness of this entity, highlight histopathologic and mutational features of cerebriform intradermal nevi and giant congenital blue nevi, and stress the importance of clinicopathologic correlation for diagnosis.

Methods:

Case report and review of the literature.

Results:

A 20-year-old Asian male presented with a long-standing, large (20 cm × 30 cm), exophytic tumor at the occipital scalp and posterior neck. The skin overlying the lesion was arranged in thick folds resembling the surface of the brain, devoid of hair follicles, and discolored by salt-and-pepper pattern hyperpigmentation. After correlating the clinical and histopathologic findings, we diagnosed giant congenital blue nevus with secondary cutis verticis gyrata. Staged surgical excision was performed with subsequent treatment for hypertrophic scarring and occipital alopecia.

Conclusions:

Cerebriform intradermal nevus and giant congenital blue nevus have overlapping histologic and clinical features. Head and neck surgeons should be aware that nomenclature of these tumors is subjective and often imprecise. Diagnosis requires correlation of clinical findings, patient history, and histopathology. Surgical excision is advised due to rare malignant transformation potential.
Between-Year and Within-Year School Mobility: Different Effects by Race/Ethnicity
Authors: Min Jie
Published: April 2021

The current study investigated the effects of school mobility on the academic achievement of different racial/ethnic groups in four cohorts of students from a very large urban school district. In this study, I compared within-year and between-year mobility and, most importantly, account for all the schools students attended over the study period. Using a multiple membership model (MMM), the findings confirmed that, for all student groups, academic achievement was affected more by within-year school mobility than between-year school mobility. Black students had the highest mobility rates, both for between- and within-year mobility. Although Asian-American students achieved higher reading and math scores on average, they were more negatively impacted by within-year school mobility compared to other groups. The current study was able to pinpoint the students most at risk for negative outcomes following within-year mobility. The findings are discussed in the context of policy recommendations that can be adopted by school districts.
‘As It Is Written’ … Where? Examining Generic Citations of Scripture in the New Testament
Authors: Lanier Gregory R.
Published: April 2021

This article examines 33 ‘generic’ citations of Israel’s scriptures in the NT, defined as passages containing an introductory formula or other overt reference to a source, but lacking any actual quoted text. Each passage (from the gospels, Acts and Pauline epistles) is examined in terms of its citation form and particular meaning in context, and then this broader pattern of ‘generic’ citation is compared with Second Temple citation practices. Having rarely been studied collectively, these citations provide interesting insight into how the NT authors draw upon the whole of the OT – without reference to specific prooftexts – to make assertions about Israel’s history, Christology, and the church. They should be given more consideration in the broader field of biblical intertextuality.
Processing Chinese relative clauses in context by Italian L3 learners
Authors: Hu Shenai , Toneatto Carlo , Pozzi Silvia , Guasti Maria Teresa
Published: April 2021

The present study investigates third language (L3) learners’ processing of Chinese subject and object relative clauses in a supportive context. Using a self-paced reading task, we tested native Italian L3 learners of Mandarin Chinese and native Chinese speakers. The results showed that the L3 learners read significantly more slowly than the native speakers in all the target regions. Also, in the head noun region, they read object relative clauses significantly more slowly compared to subject relative clauses, indicating a preference for the latter. By contrast, for the native speakers, no significant differences were observed between subject and object relative clauses in any of the target regions. The L3 learners’ performance offers support for the Structural Distance Hypothesis over the Dependency Locality Theory, and the contrast between the two populations indicates that context is at play in the processing of relative clauses.
Investigating feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a simulator-based driving intervention for people with acquired brain injury: A randomised controlled pilot study
Authors: Dimech-Betancourt Bleydy , Ponsford Jennie L , Charlton Judith L , Ross Pamela E , Gooden James R , Stolwyk Renerus J
Published: April 2021

Objective:

To investigate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a driving simulator intervention on driving outcomes following acquired brain injury.

Design:

Pilot randomised controlled trial.

Setting:

Occupational therapy driver assessment and rehabilitation service.

Subjects:

Individuals post-acquired brain injury aiming to return to driving.

Intervention:

Eight sessions of simulated driver training over four weeks, in addition to usual care. Control: Usual care only.

Main measures:

Feasibility outcomes: Participant recruitment and retention; data completeness; therapy attendance and fidelity; adverse events. Performance outcomes: on-road driving performance; Simulator Sickness Questionnaire; Brain Injury Driving Self-Awareness Measure and Driving Comfort Scale – Daytime, assessed at baseline and five weeks post-randomisation.

Results:

Out of 523 individuals screened, 22 (4%) were recruited and randomised, with 20 completing their allocated group ( n = 12 Simulator, n = 8 Usual Care). For those who completed training, session attendance was 100% with simulator sickness rated, on average, as mild. Six individuals (50%) in the Simulator group failed the on-road assessment, versus two (25%) in the Usual Care group ( P = 0.373). On average, the Simulator group reported a positive change in confidence ratings ( M = 5.77, SD = 13.96) compared to the Usual Care group, who reported a negative change ( M = −6.97, SD = 8.47), P = 0.034. The Simulator group ( M = 0.67, SD = 3.34) demonstrated no significant change in self-awareness relative to the Usual Care group ( M = −0.83, SD = 1.83, P = 0.325).

Conclusions:

With adjustments to inclusion criteria and recruitment strategies, it may be feasible to deliver the intervention and conduct a larger trial. There is potential benefit of simulator training for improving driver confidence after acquired brain injury.