bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Rotor Blade Geometry on the Performance of Rotary-Winged Micro Air Vehicle
Authors: Bhatnagar Kirti , Dr Abhishek
Published: November 2016

The development of physics based analysis to predict the hover performance of a micro rotor system meant for a hover capable micro air vehicle for studying the role of blade geometric parameters (such as planform, twist etc.) is discussed. The analysis is developed using blade element theory using lookup table for the sectional airfoil properties taken from literature. The rotor induced inflow is obtained using blade element momentum theory. The use of taper seems beneficial in improving the hover efficiency for lower values of thrust coefficient. For rotors operating at high thrust conditions, high negative twist is desirable. There is no unique blade geometry which performs well under all thrust conditions. This well validated analysis can be used for design of hover capable micro air vehicles.
Effect of energy restriction and physical exercise intervention on phenotypic flexibility as examined by transcriptomics analyses ofmRNAfrom adipose tissue and whole body magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Lee Sindre , Norheim Frode , Langleite Torgrim M. , Noreng Hans J. , Storås Trygve H. , Afman Lydia A. , Frost Gary , Bell Jimmy D. , Thomas E. Louise , Kolnes Kristoffer J. , Tangen Daniel S. , Stadheim Hans K. , Gilfillan Gregor D. , Gulseth Hanne L. , Birkeland Kåre I. , Jensen Jørgen , Drevon Christian A. , Holen Torgeir ,   the NutriTech Consortium
Published: November 2016

Overweight and obesity lead to changes in adipose tissue such as inflammation and reduced insulin sensitivity. The aim of this study was to assess how altered energy balance by reduced food intake or enhanced physical activity affect these processes. We studied sedentary subjects with overweight/obesity in two intervention studies, each lasting 12 weeks affecting energy balance either by energy restriction (~20% reduced intake of energy from food) in one group, or by enhanced energy expenditure due to physical exercise (combined endurance‐ and strength‐training) in the other group. We monitoredmRNAexpression by microarray andmRNAsequencing from adipose tissue biopsies. We also measured several plasma parameters as well as fat distribution with magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. Comparison of microarray andmRNAsequencing showed strong correlations, which were also confirmed usingRT‐PCR. In the energy restricted subjects (body weight reduced by 5% during a 12 weeks intervention), there were clear signs of enhanced lipolysis as monitored bymRNAin adipose tissue as well as plasma concentration of free‐fatty acids. This increase was strongly related to increased expression of markers for M1‐like macrophages in adipose tissue. In the exercising subjects (glucose infusion rate increased by 29% during a 12‐week intervention), there was a marked reduction in the expression of markers of M2‐like macrophages and T cells, suggesting that physical exercise was especially important for reducing inflammation in adipose tissue with insignificant reduction in total body weight. Our data indicate that energy restriction and physical exercise affect energy‐related pathways as well as inflammatory processes in different ways, probably related to macrophages in adipose tissue.
Morphological Variation and Speciation of Acavidae Family: A Case Study from Fossil and Living Species of Batadombalena Cave Pre-historic Site in Sri Lanka
Authors: Sumanarathna Aravinda Ravibhanu , Madurapperuma Buddhika , Kuruppuarachchi Janaka , Katupotha Jinadasa , Abeywardhana S.M.K. , Jayasinghe Pathmakumara
Published: November 2016

A sufficient knowledge on prehistoric culture and habitat of earliest Homo sapiens (Balangoda man) is available in Batadomba-lena cave, a noticeable rock shelter in lowland rainforest of southwestern Sri Lanka goes upto Pleistocene and Holocene eras. Late Pleistocene inhabitants of Batadombalena cave’s foraged for a broad spectrum of plant and mainly arboreal animal resources such as, monkeys, squirrels and rainforest snails etc. Archaeo-faunal evidence would help to describe the prehistoric man eating behavior as well as availability of nature pre-historic flora, fauna and environmental status. The family Acavidae is very sensitive to climatic variations, hence used as a bio-indicator to describe the variations of paleo-climatic nature. This study examined the morphological features of 20 samples of Acavidae family (living/fossil samples of Acavus superbus, and sub fossil samples of Oligospira waltoni) collected from soils by digger method in 2005 and compared with 20 samples from the same area at presently available. The shell characters of snails such as, height, width, diameter of mouth, thickness of lip, and angular of axis were measured and subjected to multivariate analysis to understand how climatic variability and nature of paleo-diet contribute survival of Acavidae species. Results showed that Acavus superbus living species had large shell characteristics than the sub fossils. Results of similar study in the same climatic status in 2000 showed that the shell measurements of Acavus superbus are relatively larger than both living and sub fossils in Batadobalena cave. Ordination diagram derived from species shell characteristics showed that Acavus superbus living species grouped as scattered /diffuse clusters, while sub fossil species grouped as a single cluster at the center of the ordination diagram. It is imply a trend of speciation /diversification of Acavus species from Pleistocene era to date. Multivariate analyses prove that, a strong positive correlation of species characteristics, such as height (r = 0.62), thickness of lip (r = 0.544) and angular of axis (r = 0.744), and a strong negative relationship (r = 0.832) for shell width for the species were observed. Our results are useful to compare with other fossil snails to see whether the climate change influence for changing body size. In conclusion, palaeo-environment, and present environment variation has been occurred in minimum way without much changes to observed Acavidae species compositions present and past.
Economic Impact of Accommodation Structures on the Local Territorial System
Authors: Barbu Constantin Ionuţ , Stănilă Andreea
Published: November 2016

The tourists servicing structure or unit in a particular territory has an impact on it as a result of the links which it (accommodation) establishes with certain environments, in which it evolves and which are connected to one other, leading in the end to the organization of space and hence the impact of tourism on the territory where accommodation options were implemented. In the whole local economy, tourism acts as a stimulating element of the local economic system, assuming a specific request for goods and services, which also causes an increase in their production sphere. Also, the touristic demand determines a correlated supply, which is materialized in the development of touristic structures and indirectly participating in the stimulating of production branches: construction and development of new means of transport, leisure facilities for winter sports, water sports, etc. Tourism development thus leads to a significant increase of production. Tourism drives and stimulates production in other areas. Tourism is a way of diversifying the economic structure of a country, region, territory. Tourism is capable of ensuring the prosperity of disadvantaged areas, being a cure for unindustrialized regions. This can be achieved through the development of less resource-rich areas with high economic value, which have a great heritage of natural and anthropogenic tourist resources. As a result, tourism is considered a lever to mitigate inter-regional imbalances. Furthermore, tourism, because it is a major consumer of force, plays an important role in the economy. It creates new jobs, thus participating in attracting extra labor from other sectors, helping to alleviate unemployment. It is important to note the fact that a job exclusively in tourism can generate 3 other indirect or induced related jobs. This can be explained by the fact that tourism is a major consumer of goods and services positively influencing labor use in its branches (agriculture, food processing, construction, transport, etc.).
On Mystical Metamorphosis in Christianity and Islam: Dante’s Divine Comedy and Rumi’s Masnavi in Comparative Perspective
Authors: Seblini Nour
Published: November 2016

Journey emerges in multiple faces in literature. But when this substantial subset of quests adopts the mystical aspect, it creates a mystery that triggers the discovery sense in human beings. The present article develops a comparative analysis on the complex nature of mystical metamorphosis as expressed in two of the most influential writings of the East and West: Rumi’s Masnavi and Dante’s Divine Comedy. The first part discusses the concept of mysticism and poetry, and reveals the nature of their connection. The second part of this work investigates the historical setting of Dante’s and Rumi’s lives in relation to the social environment of the time. The last part emphasizes the idea of mystical metamorphosis as expressed in the Divine Comedy and Masnavi through two fundamental vehicles: love and faith. This work demonstrates how, in a world rife with wars and misery, mysticism provides a vital key to building a strong bridge between Islam and Christianity, and on a larger scale, to metamorphosizing the “clash of civilizations” into a “confluence of civilizations”.
Are Orthotrichum and Dorcadion (Orthotrichaceae, Bryophyta) heterotypic generic names?
Authors: Plášek Vítězslav , Sawicki Jakub , Ochyra Ryszard
Published: November 2016

The generic name Dorcadion Adans. ex Lindb. is a superfluous and illegitimate name for Orthotrichum Hedw. The new generic name Dorcadionella Plášek, Sawicki & Ochyra is proposed for a segregate of Orthotrichum which comprises species with superficial stomata that are always monoicous and only occasionally produce gemmae on leaves. Dorcadionella affinis (Schrad. ex Brid.) Plášek, Sawicki & Ochyra is selected as a type of this new generic name. The genus Dorcadionella consists of 63 species and one variety that have a worldwide distribution. Traditionally, they were all placed in Orthotrichum and the relevant transfers to the new genus are effected in the present account.
The insect-derived antimicrobial peptide metchnikowin targets Fusarium graminearum β(1,3)glucanosyltransferase Gel1, which is required for the maintenance of cell wall integrity
Authors: Bolouri Moghaddam Mohammad-Reza , Vilcinskas Andreas , Rahnamaeian Mohammad
Published: November 2016

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are essential components of the insect innate immune system. Their diversity provides protection against a broad spectrum of microbes and they have several distinct modes of action. Insect-derived AMPs are currently being developed for both medical and agricultural applications, and their expression in transgenic crops confers resistance against numerous plant pathogens. The antifungal peptide metchnikowin (Mtk), which was originally discovered in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, is of particular interest because it has potent activity against economically important phytopathogenic fungi of the phylum Ascomycota, such as Fusarium graminearum, but it does not harm beneficial fungi such as the mycorrhizal basidiomycete Piriformospora indica. To investigate the specificity of Mtk, we used the peptide to screen a F. graminearum yeast two-hybrid library. This revealed that Mtk interacts with the fungal enzyme β(1,3)-glucanosyltransferase Gel1 (FgBGT), which is one of the enzymes responsible for fungal cell wall synthesis. The interaction was independently confirmed in a second interaction screen using mammalian cells. FgBGT is required for the viability of filamentous fungi by maintaining cell wall integrity. Our study therefore paves the way for further applications of Mtk in formulation of bio fungicides or as a supplement in food preservation.
Syntactic reflexes of information structure in heritage Spanish: Evidence from psych-predicate constructions
Authors: Gómez Soler Inmaculada , Pascual y Cabo Diego
Published: November 2016

This study examines the status of discourse-dependent syntactic properties in Spanish heritage grammars. In particular, we focus on pragmatically-driven word order patterns with Spanish psychological predicates (e. g.,
Prevalence and Characteristics of Surgical Site Infections Caused by Gram-negative Rod-shaped Bacteria from the Family Enterobacteriacae and Gram-positive Cocci from the Genus Staphylococcus in Patients who Underwent Surgical Procedures on Selected Surgical Wards
Authors: Tomaszewska-Kowalska Małgorzata , Kołomecki Krzysztof , Wieloch-Torzecka Maria
Published: November 2016

Surgical site infections on surgical wards are the most common cause of postoperative complications. Prevalence of surgical site infections depends on the surgical specialization. Analysis of the causes of surgical site infections allows to conclude that microorganisms from the patient’s own microbiota – Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria from the family Enterobacteriacae and from the patient’s skin microbiota – Gram-positive cocci – Staphylococcus are the most common agents inducing surgical site infections.

was to assess prevalence and characteristics of surgical site infections caused by Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria from the family Eneterobacteriacae and Gram-positive cocci from the genus Staphylococcus in patients who underwent surgical procedures at the Regional Specialist Hospital named after M. Copernika in Łódź on selected surgical wards.

The study was performed based on retrospective analysis of medical documentation of the treated patients. The study included 195 patients of the Regional Specialist Hospital named after M. Copernik in Łódź who were treated between 2012 and 2014 on the wards of: Vascular, General and Oncological Surgery, Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Neosurgery and Nervous System Tumors and the Ward of Endocrine Surgery – in the Clinic of Endocrine Surgery. The study included 84 women and 111 men. Mean age was 59 years (18 – 94 years old). \

Surgical site infections caused by Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria from the family Enterobacteriacae were reported in 84 out of 195 patients (43.08% of the study group) and by Gram-positive cocci from the genus Staphylococcus were reported in 52 patients (26.67% of the study group). Mixed microbiota was an etiological agent of surgical site infections in four patients (2.5% of the study group).

Etiological agent of surgical site infections depends on the ward profile, surgical field cleanliness and a form of surgical site infection.
Pulmonary Artery Perforation as a Complication of Pleural Drainage – Case Report
Authors: Gołota Janusz Jacek , Kiliańczyk Michał , Szmyt Piotr
Published: November 2016

The case presented is a drainage of empyema of the left pleural cavity complicated with the penetration of the lung parenchyma and perforation of the left pulmonary artery with drain displacement to the right pulmonary artery. The cause of complications has been shown along with the possible ways of conduct. Drainage of the pleural cavity is a primary surgery in the chest. The presence of pleural air or fluid is an indication for its implementation. This procedure usually has no complications. Time pressure, anatomical anomalies, changes of the topography in the course of co-morbidities are the factors allowing for the creation of many complications.

The aim of the work is to remind about the technical performance of this simple surgical procedure and to note that its complications may directly threaten the life of the patient. This is the first case reported in Polish literature.
Coaxial Linear Motor for Electromagnetic Launchers
Authors: Grigorescu S.D. , Craciunescu A. , Paturca S.V. , Codreanu L. , Andrei H. , Cepisca C. , Seritan G. , Ghita O.M. , Argatu F.
Published: November 2016

This paper deals with a new coaxial linear permanent magnet motor. For a designed physical model of this motor, the representative magnetic spectrums are determined: the spectrum of the excitation field provided by cylindrical permanent magnet, and the spectrum of total magnetic field given by superposition of permanent magnet field and of energizing coil field.
Stability analysis of underground mining openings with complex geometry
Authors: Cała Marek , Stopkowicz Agnieszka , Kowalski Michał , Blajer Mateusz , Cyran Katarzyna , D’obyrn Kajetan
Published: November 2016

Stability of mining openings requires consideration of a number of factors, such as: geological structure, the geometry of the underground mining workings, mechanical properties of the rock mass, changes in stress caused by the influence of neighbouring workings. Long-term prediction and estimation of workings state can be analysed with the use of numerical methods. Application of 3D numerical modelling in stability estimation of workings with complex geometry was described with the example of Crystal Caves in Wieliczka Salt Mine. Preservation of the Crystal Caves reserve is particularly important in view of their unique character and the protection of adjacent galleries which are a part of tourist attraction included in UNESCO list. A detailed 3D model of Crystal Caves and neighbouring workings was built. Application of FLAC3D modelling techniques enabled indication of the areas which are in danger of stability loss. Moreover, the area in which protective actions should be taken as well as recommendations concerning the convergence monitoring were proposed.
Morphology of Human Nucleus Accumbens Neurons Based on the Immunohistochemical Expression of Gad67
Authors: Sazdanovic Maja , Mitrovic Slobodanka , Todorovic Milos , Vulovic Maja , Jeremic Dejan , Milosavljevic Zoran , Sazdanovic Predrag , Ognjanovic Neda
Published: November 2016

The nucleus accumbens is a part of the ventral striatum along with the caudate nucleus and putamen. The role of the human nucleus accumbens in drug addiction and other psychiatric disorders is of great importance. The aim of this study was to characterize medium spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens according to the immunohistochemical expression of GAD67.

This study was conducted on twenty human brains of both sexes between the ages of 20 and 75. The expression of GAD67 was assessed immunohistochemically, and the characterization of the neurons was based on the shape and size of the soma and the number of impregnated primary dendrites.

We showed that neurons of the human nucleus accumbens expressed GAD67 in the neuron soma and in the primary dendrites. An analysis of the cell body morphology revealed the following four different types of neurons: fusiform neurons, fusiform neurons with lateral dendrites, pyramidal neurons and multipolar neurons.

An immunohistochemical analysis showed a strong GAD67 expression in GABAergic medium spiny neurons, which could be classifi ed into four different types, and these neurons morphologically correlated with those described by the Golgi study.
What's hot about otoferlin
Authors: Avraham Karen B
Published: November 2016

Mutations in the otoferlin (OTOF) gene lead to profound hearing loss in humans. Interestingly, a number of missense otoferlin mutations cause hearing defects but only at higher body temperature, and the reasons for this have been elusive until now. A study published in this issue of The EMBO Journal (Strenzke et al, ) adds insight into the underlying mechanisms for this heat‐dependent hearing loss.
Removal of mouse ovary fat pad affects sex hormones, folliculogenesis and fertility
Authors: Wang Hong-Hui , Cui Qian , Zhang Teng , Guo Lei , Dong Ming-Zhe , Hou Yi , Wang Zhen-Bo , Shen Wei , Ma Jun-Yu , Sun Qing-Yuan
Published: November 2016

As a fat storage organ, adipose tissue is distributed widely all over the body and is important for energy supply, body temperature maintenance, organ protection, immune regulation and so on. In humans, both underweight and overweight women find it hard to become pregnant, which suggests that appropriate fat storage can guarantee the female reproductive capacity. In fact, a large mass of adipose tissue distributes around the reproductive system both in the male and female. However, the functions of ovary fat pad (the nearest adipose tissue to ovary) are not known. In our study, we found that the ovary fat pad-removed female mice showed decreased fertility and less ovulated mature eggs. We further identified that only a small proportion of follicles developed to antral follicle, and many follicles were blocked at the secondary follicle stage. The overall secretion levels of estrogen and FSH were lower in the whole estrus cycle (especially at proestrus); however, the LH level was higher in ovary fat pad-removed mice than that in control groups. Moreover, the estrus cycle of ovary fat pad-removed mice showed significant disorder. Besides, the expression of FSH receptor decreased, but the LH receptor increased in ovary fat pad-removed mice. These results suggest that ovary fat pad is important for mouse reproduction.
School Entry Requirements and Coverage of Nontargeted Adolescent Vaccines
Authors: Moss Jennifer L. , Reiter Paul L. , Truong Young K. , Rimer Barbara K. , Brewer Noel T.
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND:

Low human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage is an urgent public health problem requiring action. To identify policy remedies to suboptimal HPV vaccination, we assessed the relationship between states’ school entry requirements and adolescent vaccination.

METHODS:

We gathered data on states’ school entry requirements for adolescent vaccination (tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis [Tdap] booster; meningococcal; and HPV) from 2007 to 2012 from Immunization Action Coalition. The National Immunization Survey–Teen provided medical record–verified vaccination data for 99 921 adolescents. We calculated coverage (among 13- to 17-year-olds) for individual vaccinations and concomitant vaccination. HPV vaccination outcomes were among female adolescents. Analyses used weighted longitudinal multivariable models.

RESULTS:

States with requirements for Tdap booster and meningococcal vaccination had 22 and 24 percentage point increases in coverage for these vaccines, respectively, compared with other states (both P < .05). States with HPV vaccination requirements had <1 percentage point increase in coverage for this vaccine (P < .05). Tdap booster and meningococcal vaccination requirements, respectively, were associated with 8 and 4 percentage point spillover increases for HPV vaccination coverage (both P < .05) and with increases for concomitant vaccination (all P < .05).

CONCLUSIONS:

Ensuring all states have meningococcal vaccination requirements could improve the nation’s HPV vaccination coverage, given that many states already require Tdap booster but not meningococcal vaccination for school entry. Vaccination programs and clinicians should capitalize on changes in adolescent vaccination, including concomitant vaccination, that may arise after states adopt vaccination requirements. Additional studies are needed on the effects of HPV vaccination requirements and opt-out provisions.
Los marcadores de reformulación en el corpus PRESEEA de Santiago de Chile
Authors: San Martín Núñez Abelardo , Guerrero González Silvana
Published: November 2016

El objetivo de este trabajo es ampliar nuestra aproximación variacionista, informada en Rojas et al. (2012), a los marcadores de reformulación en el español hablado en Santiago de Chile. Para tal propósito, se identificaron las partículas que cumplían la mencionada función en una muestra de 54 entrevistas que conforman el Corpus Sociolingüístico de preseea de Santiago. En el análisis, se consideraron el concepto y la clasificación de los marcadores del discurso de Martín Zorraquino y Montolío (1998); Martín Zorraquino y Portolés (1999); Portolés (2001); y Loureda y Acín (2010). Se identificaron las partículas que cumplían la función de reformulación, según diferentes subtipos (explicación, rectificación, recapitulación y distanciamiento). Basándonos en la conmutabilidad funcional (semántica y pragmática) de estos marcadores, se procedió a su análisis cuantitativo, según las variables sexo, edad y nivel educacional de los informantes. En general, los resultados del estudio muestran que las partículas o sea, igual y al final, así como el subtipo de los reformuladores explicativos, son los más frecuentes. Asimismo, el factor edad de los sujetos es el más sensible al empleo de las partículas relevadas.
Fases primera y segunda del método de abordajes lingüísticos convergentes: un aporte para el estudio de problemáticas sociales desde el ACD
Authors: Marchese Mariana C.
Published: November 2016

Desde el paradigma interpretativista, mediante una metodología cualitativa e inductiva y en el marco del ACD, se presenta el Método de Abordajes Lingüísticos Convergentes y se explica sus fases primera y segunda. Este método, orientado a estudiar problemáticas sociales a partir del discurso, profundiza el análisis de los textos (escritos y orales, y producidos en el marco de diferentes géneros) como unidades sociodiscursivas. Primero, se ejemplifica cómo se obtienen categorías discursivas relevantes para el estudio de problemáticas sociales. Particularmente, se trabaja sobre la problemática habitacional de la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Luego, se expone cómo se incorpora la Teoría de Focalización de la Información, específicamente, el estudio de las categorías focales. Finalmente, se resalta que el método, al permitir examinar los sistemas de creencias de los sujetos sociales, posibilita el pasaje a la reflexión social.
Heavy metals in recycled pastry packages and pastries
Authors: Mohammadpour I. , Ahmadkhaniha R. , Zare Jeddi M. , Rastkari N.
Published: November 2016

The safe use of recycled paper and board material for food packaging applications is a major area of investigations. Therefore, the aim of current study was to evaluate the amount of heavy metals in recycled paper pastry packages and measurement of migration over the time into pastries.

In this study, the presence of heavy metals in common confectionery packaging and effects of storage time and kind of pastry on the migration are investigated.

The results of the study indicate that harmful metals such as Pb are detected at high concentrations in most of the recycled boxes that are used for pastry packaging, and heavy metals could migrate from the recycled packages into food during usage.

It seems that the procedure of preparing recycled paperboard for food packaging should be reconsidered.
A reception study on non-professional subtitling: Do audiences notice any difference?
Authors: Orrego-Carmona David
Published: November 2016

The audience’s reluctance to wait for the international release of audiovisual products, coupled with the easy access to audiovisual material and subtitling tools on the Internet, has triggered an increase in the production and use of non-professional subtitling. However, up to now, we know little of how people receive the subtitles and how much they understand when watching products with non-professional subtitles. This paper presents the results of a study that explores the audience reception of subtitled TV series using professional and non-professional subtitling. Fifty-two participants were shown three excerpts from The Big Bang Theory with three subtitled versions: the professional version extracted from the Spanish DVD and two non-professional versions produced by two different nonprofessional subtitling communities. Data were collected through questionnaires, eye tracking and interviews. The results show that non-professional subtitles do not necessarily affect audience reception negatively. Further, both eye tracking and self-reported data yielded interesting insights into audience reception. Based on the findings, it is possible to say that there are non-professional translations that are as good as their professional counterparts.
The language of dubbing and its comprehension by learner-viewers. A resource for second language acquisition?
Authors: Ghia Elisa , Pavesi Maria
Published: November 2016

Recent research on L2 acquisition has been stressing the potential of audiovisual translation as a tool for boosting foreign language competence. Whereas most studies have concentrated on subtitled input, less attention has been devoted to dubbing, which is nevertheless the main audiovisual translation modality in several countries. Being the outcome of a translation process, dubbed dialogue is subject to translation universals, including simplification, explicitation and standardisation. These strategies may contribute to the greater accessibility of dubbed vis-à-vis original, non-translated products to non-native viewers. With a view to exploring the role of dubbing in ultimately fostering second language acquisition, an empirical study on the comprehension of different types of audiovisual input by learner-viewers was designed. The study moves from the assumption that input comprehension is a necessary prerequisite for acquisition proper and compares the degree of comprehension of dubbed vs. non-translated film scenes among intermediate-level learners of L2 Italian. Quantitatively and qualitatively comparable film scenes were selected and dialogue comprehension was assessed through closed and timed questions administered after exposure to each scene. Findings show that dubbed audiovisual input results in better comprehension than non-translated film dialogue independently of viewers’ L1 and audiovisual texts’ individual features. The study thus paves the way for further research on the acquisitional impact of dubbed dialogue, especially among learners at lower proficiency levels.
Putting the audience in the picture: Mise-en-shot and psychological immersion in audio described film
Authors: Wilken Nicole , Kruger Jan-Louis
Published: November 2016

Audio description (AD) often emphasises the visual elements of a film rather than the way these elements are presented. However, what is seen and the way it is shown are equally important for creating meaning in film. The term mise-en-shot refers to the way in which visual aspects are shown to the audience. In order to determine whether the stylistic elements of film created by means of mise-en-shot could influence the reception of audio described film, the article investigates the effect of the presence or absence in the AD of these elements on the immersion of a sighted audience into the fictional world. Immersion is measured by means of sub-scales on character identification as well as transportation. In order to measure the effect of stylistic elements, the self-reported immersion of one group of sighted participants who sees a scene with the original soundtrack is compared to that of another sighted group who only hears the audio-described soundtrack of the scene. The findings suggest that although the absence of some mise-en-shot elements in the audio described version of the film does not influence transportation, it does influence the way in which a sighted audience identifies with characters in the film. It would therefore seem that these stylistic elements do have an important role in the immersion of audiences, which could have significant implications for AD.
Researching preferences of audio description users — Limitations and solutions
Authors: Chmiel Agnieszka , Mazur Iwona
Published: November 2016

Reception studies are frequently used in audio description research to elicit preferences of the visually impaired about certain aspects and level of acceptance of various solutions. However, this research method is characterised by limitations, which are discussed in this article as regards the participants and the design of reception studies. We then present a study which we think has been successful in overcoming some of these limitations, conducted as part of the European project entitled ADLAB: Lifelong Access for the Blind on 80 visually impaired persons (VIPs) and 77 sighted controls from six project partners’ countries. The respondents were presented with various audio description solutions and answered preference, comprehension and visualisation questions to find out which solutions they preferred, how much they understood following a given description and how easy it was for them to imagine a given description. We conclude that eliciting subjective opinions of respondents might be inconclusive and that AD reception research should be more focused on the cognitive efficiency of AD.
Fast confirmation for marijuana metabolite: THC-COOH, ultra-fast LC—MS/MS run time, and application to routine samples
Authors: Zazoğlu Sinan , Anilanmert Beril , Aydin Muhammed , Cengiz Salih
Published: November 2016

A fast, reliable, inexpensive, and practical method with a low determination limit and high recovery has been developed for the determination of the marijuana metabolite in routine analysis. THC-COOH in urine was validated using liquid chromatography—tandem mass spectrometry (LC—MS/MS). Before an easy single-step extraction with Toxi-Tubes, basic hydrolysis was performed at 60 °C for 30 min. LC—MS/MS analysis takes 2.5 min for each sample, and the retention time of the analyte is 1.75 min. Specificity, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy, repeatability, and intermediate precision (inter-day) system suitability parameters were determined in the validation study. The recovery of the extraction method was 88.67 (±5.91). LOD and LOQ values were 1.41 and 5.00 ng mL−1, respectively. The method showed linear response between the values 5.00 and 500.00 ng mL−1. The repeatability was 9.64% (relative standard deviation, RSD%), and the intermediate precisions (RSDR%) were 10.73%, 13.74%, and 8.11% at 10.00, 100.00, and 200.00 ng mL−1 concentration levels, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found in ANOVA analysis, between three consecutive days in intermediate precision study, for 90% confidence level. HorRat values were between 0.34 and 0.61. The method was applied to CEDIA positive samples, obtained from the Trabzon Group Presidency of Turkish Council of Forensic Medicine, successfully.
Fostering international undergraduate medical education
Authors: Smith James D , Poenaru Dan , Phillips J Dwight
Published: November 2016

The severe lack of human resources in the health care field in many countries has resulted in avid interest in global undergraduate medical education. Christian medical missionaries have, thus, a unique opportunity to contribute to transformative, holistic development through the training of future physicians for resource-limited settings. Starting a new medical school is, however, a complex process which requires significant resources and intellectual investment. This paper outlines some of the challenges encountered in faith-based individuals’ engagement in undergraduate medical education, as well as suggesting some practical solutions and recommendations.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of a community health worker training course in India
Authors: Butcher Nicole , Sitther Adeline , Velavan Jachin , John Elizabeth , Thomas Mary Chandra , Grills Nathan
Published: November 2016

Community health workers (CHWs) have long played a key role in delivering healthcare in rural and remote populations, through primary care, prevention, and education. Numerous mechanisms of training and supporting CHWs have been implemented, and the World Health Organization (WHO) has outlined recommendations for the programmatic and financial aspects of CHW programs. This study evaluated the outcomes of a CHW training program in India whereby community development workers from faith-based organisations have been trained since 2011 to extend health promotion, education, and basic services to rural, remote, and poor communities across the country. Triangulation of quantitative and qualitative data and course information was conducted, and analysis pointed to the effectiveness of the trainees in their respective work locations. Outcomes were noted in these areas: health promotion (trainees had gained skills and confidence to implement health promotion interventions); first aid and primary care (graduates were treating common conditions in the community); beneficiary diversity (rural and poor beneficiaries were frequently cited as well as trainees and their families); and, spiritual health (the nurture of person was an important part of conducting CHW activities). The consistency of the data across these areas suggests that the training course is effective in its delivery, its contribution to the expansion of healthcare coverage, and its potential for impact across India.
Educating globally for health
Authors: Larson H Elliott
Published: November 2016

A survey of articles in Christian Journal for Global Health, Volume 3, Issue 2, November 2016
Performance of bioreactor and pH meter instrument in bioethanol producing process from brown seaweed(Sargassum duplicatum)
Authors: Nurbaya Sari Rodiah , Lestari Ayudiarti Diah , Fithriani Diini
Published: November 2016

To meet the energy needs this time we are still dependent on energy derived from fossilresources that can not be recovered (fossil energy). The way to tackle the energy problem is toexplore other energy resources namely biofuels, one of its kind is bioethanol. Source of potentiallyraw material from the sea is brown seaweed which cellulose content and stored carbohydrate(mannitol) is quite high. The use of a batch bioreactor and the pH meter instrument assembliesResearch Center for Marine and Fisheries Products Processing and Biotechnology (RCMFPPB)has been supporting the production of bioethanol with raw material brown seaweed Sargassumduplicatum.
SCREENING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF L-GLUTAMINASE PRODUCED BY BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM SANGIHE TALAUD SEA
Authors: Chasanah Ekowati , Tambunan Usman Sumo Friend , Yulianti Tanti
Published: November 2016

L-glutaminase (L-glutamine amidohydrolase, EC 3.5.1.2) is a very important enzyme due to its role as flavor enhancer and antileukemic agent. Salt-tolerant L-glutaminase produced bymarine bacteria is favorable in food industries. This study describes the screening of L- glutaminase producing marine bacteria from Sangihe-Talaud Sea, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.Screening of L-glutaminase was performed using a liquid medium and identification of selected isolate was  performed using molecular-based 16S rDNA. Results showed that there were 7 isolates produced positive results of L-glutaminase, and one of them (II.1 isolate) produced the highest activity, i.e 147.99 U/L, equivalent to the specific activity of 62.32 U/mg. The isolate then selected for further study. Bacterial identification based on 16S rRNA sequencing has revealed that the isolate was 96% similar to Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain CG-T8. Characterization of extracellular L-glutaminase from the II.1 isolate showed that the enzyme worked optimally at temperature  of 37-45 °C and pH 7. The enzyme was stable when NaCl solution was added up to 8% and  began to decrease on addition of NaCl solution of 16% and 20% with relative activity of 79% and 74%, respectively. The effect of metal ions, e.g Mn2+, Mg2+, and Co2+ in the form of chloride salt, were able to increase enzyme activity, whereas the addition of other metal ions (Zn2+, Fe3+, and Ca2+) decreased the activity. The molecular weights of L-glutaminase was estimated around42 kDa and 145 kDa.
Practical videoconference training: Experience from a Norwegian resource centre for rare disorders
Authors: Hagen Kari , Hummelvoll Grete
Published: November 2016

A pilot programme was developed for training professionals to communicate in counselling situations via videoconferencing, with participants from Norwegian resource centres for rare disorders. The programme was conducted at three videoconferencing studios, and entailed three sessions involving role play, feedback, reflection, and discussion. After each session, participants received a short web-based questionnaire. The programme was generally perceived as realistic, with 95% of participants considering it to be a suitable training method and 94% reporting greater awareness of how to engage successfully in dialogue during videoconferencing. Those who experienced technical difficulties reported significantly lower satisfaction with the role play, feedback, and discussion segments. Experiences conveyed in the feedback and reflection segments are described, demonstrating the importance of an appropriate technical infrastructure and giving useful insights into how videoconferences should be performed. The programme could be replicated and developed further and offered to professionals who give counselling services via videoconferences.
‘Am I anorexic?’ Weight, eating and discourses of the body in online adolescent health communication
Authors: Mullany Louise , Smith Catherine , Harvey Kevin , Adolphs Svenja
Published: November 2016

This article explores the communicative choices of adolescents seeking advice from an internet-based health forum run by medical professionals. Techniques from the disciplines of sociolinguistics and corpus linguistics are integrated to examine the strategies used in adolescents’ health questions. We focus on the emergent theme of Weight and Eating, a concern which features prominently in adolescents’ requests to medical practitioners. The majority of advice requests are authored by adolescent girls, with queries peaking at age 12. A combined quantitative and qualitative analysis provides detailed insights into adolescents’ communicative strategies. Examinations of question types, register and a discourse-based analysis draw attention to dominant discourses of the body, including a ‘discourse of slenderness’ and a ‘discourse of normality’, which exercise negative influences on adolescents’ dietary behaviours. The findings are of applied linguistic relevance to health practitioners and educators, as they provide them with access to adolescents’ health queries in their own language.
‘I can't bear the thought that he might not recognise me’: Personal narratives as a site of identity work in the online Alzheimer's support group
Authors: Kruk Bartłomiej
Published: November 2016

Narrative of personal experience, as a subjective interpretation of a set of events, constitutes a particularly fertile site for the construction of identity. It enables the teller to voice and (re-)organize disruptive phenomenological experiences, socialize emotions or forge interpersonal relations. Consequently, the narrator is able to access various facets of their identity and ‘bring multiple, partial selves to life’ (Ochs and Capps 1996: 19). Informed by the methods and insights of computer-mediated discourse analysis, conversation analysis and membership categorization analysis, and positioning narrative as a situated practice within social interaction, this paper scrutinizes publicly accessible data (15 forum threads) nested within a UK-based online Alzheimer's support group to demonstrate how Alzheimer's patients’ family caregivers co-construct their sense of self when disclosing morally delicate aspects of their identities. The analysis demonstrates that the discursive space of the online support group encourages caregivers to disclose disruptions of predicates and activities associated with the ‘family’ membership categorization device. It also shows that the medium-afforded mode of engagement enables caregivers to gradually incorporate their unveiled aversive experiences into their autobiographical flow, with the help of other participants’ responses which normalize these category disruptions.
Participatory research design in mobile health: Tablet devices for diabetes self-management
Authors: Burford Sally Jane , Park Sora , Dawda Paresh , Burns John
Published: November 2016

Type 2 diabetes is a prevalent, chronic disease, which places significant burden on societies and individuals. This article reports the participatory research design of an exploratory study that introduces mobile tablet devices in the self-management of type 2 diabetes in a primary healthcare setting. Strategies from democratic dialogic theory were used in the design of the research to steer the participatory engagement between researchers and healthcare practitioners. The outcome of this phase of the research was the issue of six ‘invitations’ to 28 people with diabetes to frame their use of a mobile tablet device in managing their health. Those invitations were clustered in two themes, Empowered and Compelled, representing typical patient attitudes and behaviours. The work reported here sets the stage for a longitudinal and socially complex study that encompasses a new and comprehensive General Practitioner (GP) Super Clinic with an array of health and administrative staff, patients with a chronic health condition requiring continual self-management, a wide continuum of digital literacy capability in all participants and an ever-increasing digital society. It reports a novel research design methodology that merges democratic dialogic theory and participatory design, resulting in a grounded and agreed approach to a mobile health intervention.
Patient-centred communication in British, Italian and Spanish ‘Ask-the-Expert’ healthcare websites
Authors: Pounds Gabrina , De Pablos-Ortega Carlos
Published: November 2016

Existing studies on the online asynchronous consultation mode afforded by ‘Ask-the-Expert’ health websites (e.g. Thomson et al. 2012) are concerned with the possible loss in the quality of interaction between patients and clinicians in this type of consultation. The potential loss is worrying, given the central role of patient-centred communication (PCC), particularly empathy, in medical consultation practice and patients’ increasing use of and reliance on online consultations. This study addresses the following three related questions: (1) To what extent is PCC represented in ‘Ask-the-Expert’ healthcare websites? (2) Are there noticeable differences in PCC between sites operating in different linguistic and cultural settings (the UK, Spain and Italy)? (3) What are the implications of the above? Seventy exchanges from the leading independent health websites NetDoctor (UK), Netdoctor (Spain) and Medicitalia (Italy) were analysed, adapting a framework developed for the linguistic analysis of clinical empathy (combining discourse analytical and pragmatic categories – Pounds 2011) and drawing on existing definitions of PCC and classifications of advice-giving structures. The analysis shows that PCC is used on these sites to varying degrees, conforming to the site's affordances. The significance of the findings and potential further applications of the analytical framework are discussed in the final part.
Biographical Studies of G.I. Gurdjieff
Authors: Azize Joseph
Published: November 2016

The various published biographies and biographical notices of G.I. Gurdjieff (c.1865-1949) are of diverse style, quantity and content. While some have made considerable contributions to the subject, most attempts have reacted for or against Gurdjieff’s status as what might call an ‘Enlightened Master’. Little biographical writing on Gurdjieff has questioned the scope, reliability and prejudices of the sources. Further, possible resources have been neglected. The development in Gurdjieff’s ideas is often overlooked, his life is not sufficiently related to that development, and the lack of comparative research has failed to highlight Gurdjieff’s unique contributions. This article is structured in four parts. The first is an introduction, followed by an overview of existing biographical studies of Gurdjieff. The third part addresses bias in these studies, and this is followed by suggestions for future studies. It is concluded that fieldwork regarding the biography of Gurdjieff has been hampered by imperfect methodology. However, with better use of the source material, some of which has only recently been discovered, and a rigorous use of sources, a more balanced and nuanced picture of Gurdjieff’s life, and the development of his ideas and methods, should emerge.