bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-measurement and calibration of amplitude-frequency response for coherent optical transmitters with limited DAC resolution
Authors: Yao Tianhang , Zhou Jinhao , Cui Sheng , Dai Jing , Liu Jingpeng , Li Chengbo , Zhou Keji , Tang Ming
Published: September 2024

Precise measurement and calibration of the amplitude-frequency response (AFR) of coherent optical transmitters (Tx) are paramount for generating high-quality signals, especially when the transmitter has insufficient bandwidth. The previously proposed self-measurement and calibration (SMC) method based on multi-tone signals (MTS) is cost-effective, fast, and convenient. However, this method exhibits a compromised AFR measurement precision in high-frequency regions, especially when the digital-to-analog converters (DAC) of the Tx have a limited resolution. To solve this problem, we optimize the amplitudes and phases of the MTS by pre-emphasis and the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm to improve the accuracy in the high-frequency region. Numerical simulations show a notable reduction in AFR measurement error, from about 4 dB to 0.8 dB, when employing a DAC with a four-bit resolution. Additionally, experiments utilizing a 22 GHz 3-dB bandwidth transmitter to generate 61 GBaud dual-polarization 16QAM signals demonstrate a 60% BER reduction. The proposed SMC method is attractive for high-baud rate systems employing Tx with limited bandwidth and DAC resolution.
Mixed domain coherent link with electrically reconfigurable IMDD and coherent modes for O-band data center applications
Authors: Misak Stephen , Wissing Aaron , Liu Junqian , Arrunategui-Norvick Viviana , Maharry Aaron , Andrade Hector , Milicevic Mario , Chansky Evan , Movaghar Ghazal , Du Xinhong , Gilardi Giovanni , Kumar Ranjeet , Su Guan-Lin , Liu Ansheng , Akulova Yuliya , Buckwalter James F. , Saleh Adel A. M. , Coldren Larry , Schow Clint L.
Published: September 2024

We report the first O-band link with electrically reconfigurable intensity-modulation direct-detection (IMDD) and coherent operation using custom silicon photonic chips packaged with commercial electronic chips. Transmission below the KP4-FEC threshold is shown using commercial 53 Gbaud PAM4 digital signal processing (DSP) for 16QAM (200 Gbps/λ) and PAM4 (100 Gbps/λ). Efficient operation of the packaged full link at 12 and 11.2 pJ/bit is achieved for the PAM4 and 16QAM modes, respectively.
Integration of highly ordered plasmonic nanocavity array structure with the electrostatic driving force for dynamic control of SERS signals and label-free detection of λ-DNA
Authors: Yan Xiaoya , Shi Hongyan , Jia Pengxue , Sun Xiudong
Published: September 2024

With the rapid development of nanoscience and nanotechnology, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is widely used for the detection of analyte molecules and biomolecules in liquids. However, due to the plasmonic near-field effect, the key challenge of SERS detection in liquids is to attract target molecules in solutions into the plasmonic “hot spots”. In this work, the SERS-active substrates (Ag@AAO) with excellent signal sensitivity and uniformity were successfully prepared by sputtering Ag films on anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. Subsequently, integrating the substrate into a liquid chamber, the movement of target molecules in the liquid was effectively controlled by the electrostatic driving force, and the enrichment, separation and detection of R6 G molecules on the plasmonic “hot spots” were realized in a single device. The integrated system can dynamically control the SERS signal of low-concentration R6 G solution (10−10 M and 10−11 M). Moreover, the label-free direct detection capability of the integrated system for 30 ng/µL λ-DNA (dsDNA) is expected to greatly expand the application potential of SERS technology in biomolecular sensing and genetic engineering.
Ultrafast, Fano resonant colorimetric sensor with high chromaticity beyond standard RGB
Authors: Nam Hee Jun , Ko Joo Hwan , Jeong Hyo Eun , Oh Yeon-Wha , Jung Sanghee , Kang Il-Suk , Song Young Min , Lee Gil Ju
Published: September 2024

Fast-responsive colorimetric sensors with a wide color gamut have garnered significant attention for real-time atmospheric monitoring observable to the naked eye. Although swelling medium-based Fabry–Perot cavities, which enable linear resonance shifts with high Q-factors, have been widely suggested, they face limitations such as a restricted color gamut within standard RGB due to subtractive colors and slow response times caused by the top layer blocking, delaying the swelling medium’s equilibrium time. Here, we present two-dimensionally nanostructured Fano resonant colorimetric sensors using a swelling medium with significantly improved responsiveness and color representation beyond standard RGB. The nanostructured Fano resonator is elaborately designed to transform the spectral line shape into a Lorentz state in terms of reflectance, resulting in additive color through controlled coupling parameters of the resonator systems. In addition, the nanostructuring of the surface provides direct channels to water vapors, ensuring fast and strong interaction with the swelling medium. Consequently, the fabricated sensor exhibits a wide color gamut, covering 141% of standard RGB and 105% of Adobe RGB, and demonstrates rapid responsiveness with response and recovery times of 287 ms and 87 ms, respectively.
Understanding the transmission of bacterial agents of sapronotic diseases using an ecosystem-based approach: A first spatially realistic metacommunity model
Authors: Sylla Ahmadou , Chevillon Christine , Djidjiou-Demasse Ramsès , Seydi Ousmane , Campos Carlos A. Vargas , Dogbe Magdalene , Fast Kayla M. , Pechal Jennifer L. , Rakestraw Alex , Scott Matthew E. , Sandel Michael W. , Jordan Heather , Benbow Mark Eric , Guégan Jean-François
Published: September 2024

Pathogens such as bacteria, fungi and viruses are important components of soil and aquatic communities, where they can benefit from decaying and living organic matter, and may opportunistically infect human and animal hosts. One-third of human infectious diseases is constituted by sapronotic disease agents that are natural inhabitants of soil or aquatic ecosystems. They are capable of existing and reproducing in the environment outside of the host for extended periods of time. However, as ecological research on sapronosis is infrequent and epidemiological models are even rarer, very little information is currently available. Their importance is overlooked in medical and veterinary research, as well as the relationships between free environmental forms and those that are pathogenic. Here, using dynamical models in realistic aquatic metacommunity systems, we analyze sapronosis transmission, using the human pathogen Mycobacterium ulcerans that is responsible for Buruli ulcer. We show that the persistence of bacilli in aquatic ecosystems is driven by a seasonal upstream supply, and that the attachment and development of cells to aquatic living forms is essential for such pathogen persistence and population dynamics. Our work constitutes the first set of metacommunity models of sapronotic disease transmission, and is highly flexible for adaptation to other types of sapronosis. The importance of sapronotic agents on animal and human disease burden needs better understanding and new models of sapronosis disease ecology to guide the management and prevention of this important group of pathogens.
Construct prognostic models of multiple myeloma with pathway information incorporated
Authors: Wang Shuo , Wang ShanJin , Pan Wei , Yi YuYang , Lu Junyan
Published: September 2024

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological disease exhibiting aberrant clonal expansion of cancerous plasma cells in the bone marrow. The effects of treatments for MM vary between patients, highlighting the importance of developing prognostic models for informed therapeutic decision-making. Most previous models were constructed at the gene level, ignoring the fact that the dysfunction of the pathway is closely associated with disease development and progression. The present study considered two strategies that construct predictive models by taking pathway information into consideration: pathway score method and group lasso using pathway information. The former simply converted gene expression to sample-wise pathway scores for model fitting. We considered three methods for pathway score calculation (ssGSEA, GSVA, and z-scores) and 14 data sources providing pathway information. We implemented these methods in microarray data for MM (GSE136324) and obtained a candidate model with the best prediction performance in interval validation. The candidate model is further compared with the gene-based model and previously published models in two external data. We also investigated the effects of missing values on prediction. The results showed that group lasso incorporating Vax pathway information (Vax(grp)) was more competitive in prediction than the gene model in both internal and external validation. Immune information, including VAX pathways, seemed to be more predictive for MM. Vax(grp) also outperformed the previously published models. Moreover, the new model was more resistant to missing values, and the presence of missing values (<5%) would not evidently deteriorate its prediction accuracy using our missing data imputation method. In a nutshell, pathway-based models (using group lasso) were competitive alternatives to gene-based models for MM. These models were documented in an R package (https://github.com/ShuoStat/MMMs), where a missing data imputation method was also integrated to facilitate future validation.
Social realities in remote villages: Infant and young child feeding in Kirewa, Uganda
Authors: Schneider Lauriina , Korhonen Katja , Ollila Sari , Mutanen Marja
Published: September 2024

Understanding infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices in Africa requires an examination of the social context. Social relationships influence people through mechanisms such as social support, social influence, social engagement, access to resources and negative social interactions. This study explores how these mechanisms manifest in IYCF in remote villages in Uganda. In 2018, we conducted two focus group discussions each with mothers, fathers and grandparents, ande interviews with two clan leaders, six village health teamers (VHT) and four healthcare workers (HCW). We deductively searched the data for any indications of elements that could influence child feeding and health using the psychosocial mechanisms of social support, social influence, social engagement, access to resources and negative social interactions as the broader themes. The manifestation of social support involved practical help from mothers-in-law (MIL), financial contributions from fathers, and informational, instrumental, emotional and appraisal support from VHTs. Social influence by MILs mainly concerned the transmission of food-related beliefs and pressure to have many children. The social engagement of young mothers was restricted. Access to resources was stratified and affected by poverty, patriarchy, and knowledge of HCWs and VHTs. Negative social interactions included physical abuse, alcoholism, and fear-based relationships. We found the different psychosocial mechanisms to construct a useful framework for describing the social reality surrounding IYCF. Changing attitudes towards family planning, involving fathers in IYCF, and strengthening the position of VHTs as family advisers can potentially improve IYCF in rural Uganda.
Differences in need for and access to eye health services between older people with and without disability: A cross-sectional survey in four districts of northern Uganda
Authors: Jolley Emma , Davey Calum , Bechange Stevens , Atto Gladys , Erima Denis , Otim Ambrose , Sentongo Juliet , Wani Anthony , Adera Tesfaye , Kasadhakawo Moses , Kuper Hannah
Published: September 2024

Eye health and disability are both common among older people, and it is important to understand how disability relates to visual health status and access to services. While people with disabilities face barriers to accessing health services, few studies have measured participants’ functional status in domains other than vision and little evidence exists on how disability impacts eye health services access. This paper describes how visual impairment and access to eye health services differ between people aged 50 years and above with and without disability in Karamoja, Uganda, and explores the factors driving that difference. This was a cross-sectional survey among individuals aged 50 years and above. A standardised eye health survey was conducted, with additional questions on personal and health characteristics. Ophthalmologists conducted a vision examination, and recorded participants’ self-reported functional difficulties using the Washington Group Short Set Enhanced. Descriptive analyses were conducted using Stata, and multivariate models constructed to explore relationships. 21.7% of respondents self-reported some sort of functional difficulty. Twenty-five percent of individuals with a non-visual functional difficulty are also blind, and a further 29% experience a lower level of VI. In a multivariate model, blindness was associated with self-reported difficulties seeing, but not any other type of difficulty. Blindness was also associated with age, not being married, and living in a smaller household. Access to cataract surgery was associated with non-visual functional difficulties, male gender, and having a regular household income. This study confirms that in the study area, disability and visual impairment are common among people aged 50 years and above, access to eye health services is low, and self-reported functional difficulties are not associated with lower access to services.
Associations between food insecurity in high-income countries and pregnancy outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bell Zoë , Nguyen Giang , Andreae Gemma , Scott Stephanie , Sermin-Reed Letitia , Lake Amelia A. , Heslehurst Nicola
Published: September 2024

Background

Maternal nutrition is crucial for health in pregnancy and across the generations. Experiencing food insecurity during pregnancy is a driver of inequalities in maternal diet with potential maternal and infant health consequences. This systematic review explored associations between food insecurity in pregnancy and maternal and infant health outcomes.

Methods and findings

Searches included 8 databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, PsychInfo, ASSIA, SSPC in ProQuest, and CINAHL), grey literature, forwards and backwards citation chaining, and contacting authors. Studies in high-income countries (HICs) reporting data on food insecurity in pregnancy and maternal or infant health, from January 1, 2008 to November 21, 2023 were included. Screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were carried out independently in duplicate. Random effects meta-analysis was performed when data were suitable for pooling, otherwise narrative synthesis was conducted. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022311669), reported with PRISMA checklist (S1 File). Searches identified 24,223 results and 25 studies (n = 93,871 women) were included: 23 from North America and 2 from Europe. Meta-analysis showed that food insecurity was associated with high stress level (OR 4.07, 95% CI [1.22, 13.55], I2 96.40%), mood disorder (OR 2.53, 95% CI [1.46, 4.39], I2 55.62%), gestational diabetes (OR 1.64, 95% CI [1.37, 1.95], I2 0.00%), but not cesarean delivery (OR 1.42, 95% CI [0.78, 2.60], I2 56.35%), birth weight (MD −58.26 g, 95% CI [−128.02, 11.50], I2 38.41%), small-for-gestational-age (OR 1.20, 95%, CI [0.88, 1.63], I2 44.66%), large-for-gestational-age (OR 0.88, 95% CI [0.70, 1.12] I2 11.93%), preterm delivery (OR 1.18, 95% CI [0.98, 1.42], I2 0.00%), or neonatal intensive care (OR 2.01, 95% CI [0.85, 4.78], I2 70.48%). Narrative synthesis showed food insecurity was significantly associated with dental problems, depression, anxiety, and maternal serum concentration of perfluoro-octane sulfonate. There were no significant associations with other organohalogen chemicals, assisted delivery, postpartum haemorrhage, hospital admissions, length of stay, congenital anomalies, or neonatal morbidity. Mixed associations were reported for preeclampsia, hypertension, and community/resilience measures.

Conclusions

Maternal food insecurity is associated with some adverse pregnancy outcomes, particularly mental health and gestational diabetes. Most included studies were conducted in North America, primarily the United States of America, highlighting a research gap across other contexts. Further research in other HICs is needed to understand these associations within varied contexts, such as those without embedded interventions in place, to help inform policy and care requirements.
Abundance and Leishmania infection patterns of the sand fly Psathyromyia cratifer in Southern Mexico
Authors: Montes de Oca-Aguilar Ana Celia , Fernández-Figueroa Edith A. , López-Ávila Karina B. , Pavón-Méndez Mariela Isabel , Sosa-Bibiano Erika I. , Rebollar-Téllez Eduardo A. , Palacio-Vargas Jorge A. , García-López Brenda , Rangel-Escareño Claudia , Loría-Cervera Elsy Nalleli
Published: September 2024

Background

Localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) is a serious public health problem in Southern Mexico. Six species of Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae) have been found to be infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana, the causative agent of LCL in the region. However, little is known about the biology and potential participation of Psathyromyia cratifer in the Leishmania transmission cycle in Mexico, and the Americas. The present study provides evidence of temporal infection caused by Leishmania in Psathyromyia cratifer as well as data on its population dynamics in a LCL endemic area during the well-known transmission cycle of Leishmania in Southern Mexico.

Methodology/Principal findings

Individual specimens of Psathyromyia cratifer were collected in four sites over the course of five months (from November 2020 through March 2021) using animal-baited, human-baited, and light traps. The temporal activity pattern (month + hour) of Psathyromyia cratifer was assessed along with its relationship with environmental variables. Moreover, Leishmania DNA and blood meals were analyzed and detected in female sand flies. This evidenced an infection rate ranging from 8% to 83%, and the record of Homo sapiens and Ototylomys phyllotis as blood hosts of this sand fly species. High abundances of these sand flies in human-baited traps were recorded which revealed the marked anthropophilic behavior of Psathyromyia cratifer. As regards the transmission dynamics of the parasite within the region, it was observed that the potential highest epidemiological risk for Leishmania transmission by Psathyromyia cratifer occurred during the months of January and March.

Conclusion

This is the first contribution ever made to both the population dynamic and the temporal Leishmania prevalence patterns in Psathyromyia cratifer. The resulting findings suggest that this sand fly specimen is the sixth potential vector of L. (L.) mexicana in Southern Mexico. Nonetheless, various biology, behavior, and ecology strands are yet to be addressed. The latter, to determine the role it plays in the transmission dynamics of the parasite within the region, and other areas of the country.
Iron status and anemia in a representative sample of US pregnant women is not associated with pre-pregnancy BMI: Results from the NHANES (1999–2010) study
Authors: Ciulei Mihaela A. , Gallagher Kelly , Ba Djibril M. , Beck Celeste , Pobee Ruth A. , Gernand Alison D. , Walker Rachel E.
Published: September 2024

Iron deficiency in pregnancy is related to many poor health outcomes, including anemia and low birth weight. A small number of previous studies have identified maternal body mass index (BMI) as a potential risk factor for poor iron status. Our objective was to examine the association between pre-pregnancy BMI, iron status, and anemia in a nationally representative sample of US adult women. We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; 1999–2010) for pregnant women ages 18–49 years (n = 1156). BMI (kg/m2) was calculated using pre-pregnancy weight (self-reported) and height (measured at examination). Iron deficiency (ID) was defined as total body iron (calculated from serum ferritin and transferrin receptor using Cook’s equation) < 0 mg/kg and anemia as hemoglobin < 11 g/dL. Associations were examined using weighted linear and Poisson regression models, adjusted for confounders (age, race/ethnicity, education, and trimester). Approximately 14% of pregnant women had ID and 8% had anemia in this sample. Ferritin and total body iron trended slightly lower (p = 0.12, p = 0.14) in women with pre-pregnancy BMI in the normal and overweight categories compared to the underweight and obese categories; hemoglobin concentrations were similar across BMI groups (p = 0.76). There were no differences in the prevalence of ID or anemia in women with pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity (ID: overweight, adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.27, 95%CI: 0.89–1.82; obesity, PR = 0.75, 95%CI: 0.39–1.45; anemia: overweight, PR = 1.08, 95%CI: 0.53–2.19; obesity, PR = 0.99, 95%CI: 0.49–2.01) compared to women with a normal BMI. Findings from these US nationally representative data indicate that total body iron, serum hemoglobin, ID, and anemia in pregnancy do not differ by pre-pregnancy BMI. Since ID and anemia during pregnancy remain significant public health concerns, NHANES should consider measuring current iron status in upcoming cycles.
Effects of HyaRegen gel on tumour proliferation of colorectal peritoneal metastases
Authors: Perrin Marie-Laure , Bassetti Clément , Durand Fontanier Sylvaine , Yardin Catherine , Bardet Sylvia M. , Taibi Abdelkader
Published: September 2024

Pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) is a valuable therapeutic alternative for patients with peritoneal metastases. PIPAC uses a hyaluronic acid-based gel to reduce surgically induced adhesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the hyaluronic acid-based gel on tumor dissemination. First, we explored whether the survival of CT26 luciferase-expressing murine colonic tumor cells was correlated with the dose of HyaRegen® Gel, and we determined the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (the IC50) of the gel. Next, we performed an in vitro study of cell survival rates after gel application on day 0 (D0) and day 1 (D1). Finally, we intraperitoneally administered the gel to mice with immunocompetent BALB/c colonic peritoneal metastases (on D0, D5, D10, D14, and D18). Tumor growth was regularly monitored using a bioluminescence assay (on D11, D17, and D21). After all mice had been sacrificed on D21, the body weights and the volumes of intraperitoneal ascites were measured; the Peritoneal Carcinosis Index (PCI) and Ki-antigen 67 scores were calculated. The IC50 value was 70 μL of gel in a total volume of 100 μL. The cell survival rates on D4 were identical in the control group and the two groups that had been treated with gel on D0 and D1. The bioluminescence levels over time were similar in the gel and control groups. The PCI scores were 35.5 ± 2.89 for the control group and 36 ± 2.45 for the gel group (p = 0.8005). The mean Ki-67 index percentages were 37.28 ±1 1.75 for the control group and 34.03 ± 8.62 for the gel group (p = 0.1971). This in vitro and in vivo study using a mouse model of immunocompetent metastatic peritoneal cancer did not reveal any pro- or anti-tumoral effect of HyaRegen® Gel. These findings indicate that the gel can be used to treat PIPACs with minimal apprehension.
Research on mechanical properties of weak expansive soil under conditions of different confining pressures and moisture contents based on triaxial test
Authors: Cheng Xuelei , Li Qiqi , Hai Ran , Li Shunqun , He Xianfeng
Published: September 2024

Objective: To explore the mechanical properties of weak expansive soil under different moisture contents and confining pressures. Methods: The triaxial remolded soil samples with different moisture contents (14%, 16%, 18%, and 20%) were prepared for the obtained Nanyang weak expansive soil. Four groups of 16 consolidated drained triaxial shear tests with a confining pressure of 50, 100, 200, and 300 kPa were carried out to study the effects of confining pressure and water content on the deviatoric stress and pore pressure of weak expansive soil with strain. Results: The study showed that the shear strength of weak expansive soil samples gradually increased with the increase of the water content, but its increase nonlinearly decreased as the confining pressure increased. When the axial strain was small, the pore pressure significantly increased, and the pore pressure increased tended to be stable slowly and gradually as the axial strain gradually increased. Therefore, the research results could be used to avoid the diseases caused by the characteristics of weak expansive soil in engineering construction and provide theoretical references for improving engineering foundations in weak expansive soil areas.
Parental non-involvement strategy for handling sibling conflict on social avoidance in migrant children: Chain mediation of sibling conflict and parent-child conflict
Authors: Yue Yuge , Lu Kaiwu , Ye Danping
Published: September 2024

In the process of urbanization, the social adaptation of migrant children has become an important issue in their development. This study adopts family systems theory and ecological systems theory to examine the effects of parental non-involvement strategies in handling sibling conflict on migrant children’s social avoidance. It also investigates the mediating role of sibling conflict and parent-child conflict. The results of the study, reported by parents of 253 mobile children with siblings, suggest that parental strategies of not intervening in sibling conflict are an important factor influencing the development of social avoidance in mobile children. The Parental strategy of not intervening in sibling conflict had an effect on migrant children’s social avoidance through the separate mediating effect of parent-child conflict, and also through the chained mediating effect of sibling conflict and parent-child conflict. The study also found that the separate mediating effect of sibling conflict was not significant. This study contributes to the research on the relationship between parental non-intervention in sibling conflict and migrant children’s social avoidance. It also highlights the impact of sibling conflict and parent-child conflict on migrant children’s social avoidance by establishing and validating a comprehensive research model. The results of the study can help parents establish close parent-child relationships for migrant children and provide scientific guidance for children to develop positive sibling relationships. This, in turn, can assist migrant children in better adapting to a new social environment.
Neural EGFL like 1 as a novel gene for Trabecular Bone Score in older adults: The Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) program
Authors: Bidkhori Mohammad , Akbarzadeh Mahdi , Fahimfar Noushin , Jahangiri Mina , Seddiq Sahar , Larijani Bagher , Nabipour Iraj , Mohammad Amoli Mahsa , Panahi Nekoo , Dehghan Abbas , Holakouie-Naieni Kourosh , Ostovar Afshin
Published: September 2024

Neural EGFL like 1 (NELL-1), is a secreted glycoprotein and stimulates osteogenic cell differentiation and bone mineralization. This study aimed to explore the relationship between NELL-1 and Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) as a novel tool for the evaluation of osteoporosis in an elderly population-based cohort study in Iran. A single-locus analysis was performed on TBS using data from 2,071 participants in the Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) Program. The study investigated 376 independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the NELL-1 on chromosome 11p15.1. The association between SNPs and the mean TBS L1 to L4 was analyzed through an additive model. Significant variants in the additive model (PFDR<0.05) were further examined within dominant, recessive, over-dominant, and co-dominant models. Multiple linear regression was employed to assess the relationship between the genetic risk score (GRS) derived from significant SNPs and TBS. Three SNPs within the NELL-1 showed a statistically significant association with TBS after adjusting for age and sex. The associations for rs1901945 (β = 0.013, PFDR = 0.0007), rs1584851 (β = -0.011, PFDR = 0.0003), and rs58028601 (β = 0.011, PFDR = 0.0003) were significant in the additive model. Additionally, significant results were observed for rs1901945 and rs58028601 in the dominant model (P<0.05). The GRS showed a statistically significant relationship with TBS, considering adjustments for age, sex, Body Mass Index, type 2 diabetes, and smoking (β = 0.077, P = 1.7×10−5). This study highlights the association of NELL-1 with TBS, underscoring its potential as a candidate for further research and personalized medicine concerning the impact of this gene on bone quality.
The molecular determinants of a universal prion acceptor
Authors: Arshad Hamza , Patel Zeel , Al-Azzawi Zaid A. M. , Amano Genki , Li Leyao , Mehra Surabhi , Eid Shehab , Schmitt-Ulms Gerold , Watts Joel C.
Published: September 2024

In prion diseases, the species barrier limits the transmission of prions from one species to another. However, cross-species prion transmission is remarkably efficient in bank voles, and this phenomenon is mediated by the bank vole prion protein (BVPrP). The molecular determinants of BVPrP’s ability to function as a universal prion acceptor remain incompletely defined. Building on our finding that cultured cells expressing BVPrP can replicate both mouse and hamster prion strains, we systematically identified key residues in BVPrP that permit cross-species prion replication. We found that residues N155 and N170 of BVPrP, which are absent in mouse PrP but present in hamster PrP, are critical for cross-species prion replication. Additionally, BVPrP residues V112, I139, and M205, which are absent in hamster PrP but present in mouse PrP, are also required to enable replication of both mouse and hamster prions. Unexpectedly, we found that residues E227 and S230 near the C-terminus of BVPrP severely restrict prion accumulation following cross-species prion challenge, suggesting that they may have evolved to counteract the inherent propensity of BVPrP to misfold. PrP variants with an enhanced ability to replicate both mouse and hamster prions displayed accelerated spontaneous aggregation kinetics in vitro. These findings suggest that BVPrP’s unusual properties are governed by a key set of amino acids and that the enhanced misfolding propensity of BVPrP may enable cross-species prion replication.
The False Appearance of the Sophist Himself in the First Six Definitions of Plato’s Sophist
Authors: MacIsaac Gregory
Published: September 2024

The key to how the definitions in Sophist fit together is the seventh definition, the maker of false appearances. The first six definitions are a false appearance of the sophist himself, as a businessman who sells an art of disputation to rich young men. Because this is a deception, to unmask him we need to supplement the brief descriptions in Sophist from Plato’s portraits of sophists in other dialogues. This lets us see his true nature, a predatory hunter for students’ money, whose promise of political success is bait, but whose art enslaves one to the ignorance and vice of the people.
The Governance of Top-Level Domain (TLD) to Support Advancement of Internet Promotion and Innovation in Indonesia
Authors: Akbar Maulana , Agustinah Aminah , Syafuddin Khairul , Andrias Khemal , Hardiansyah Fikri Andhika , Kuntarto Hario Bismo , Cendana Cendana
Published: September 2024

The internet is a widely accessible public resource that serves as a primary driver of the digital economy. across the realm of internet governance, Top Level Domains (TLDs) assume a significant function in facilitating the expansion of internet accessibility, hence enhancing its utilisation and dissemination across society. This study examines the global patterns in top-level domain (TLD) management, identifies common challenges in TLD management within Indonesia, and assesses the appropriateness of management strategies for Indonesia, particularly in relation to internet promotion as a means of contributing to economic growth and societal advancement. Additionally, it explores the potential for fostering innovation within the country's TLD management practises. The digital economy refers to the economic activities and transactions that are conducted through digital technologies and platforms. This study examines the government's role as a regulator in shaping this trajectory. However, it is important to exercise caution to ensure that the TLD business process operates autonomously, minimising undue political interference.
Photonic application of proteins
Authors: Krekic Szilvia
Published: September 2024

Az integrált optikában (IO) jelenleg a legnagyobb kihívást az olyan anyagok felkutatása vagy fejlesztése jelenti, amelyek aktív komponensként használhatók az optikai áramkörökben. Ahhoz, hogy egy anyagot IO-alkalmazásokban lehessen használni, egyrészt optimális nemlineáris optikai (NLO) tulajdonságokkal kell rendelkeznie – például nagy fényindukált törésmutató-változással –, ugyanakkor megfelelő mechanikai stabilitással is. Disszertációmban a fotoaktív sárga fehérjét (PYP) vizsgáltam különböző kísérleti módszerekkel, hogy felmérjem a fehérje IO-alkalmazhatóságát. A mérések során glicerinnel adalékolt (GL) PYP-filmet használtam annak érdekében, hogy a vizsgált PYP-filmek mechanikailag stabilak maradjanak, és fennmaradjon az optikai homogenitásuk is. Először a PYP fotociklusában jelen levő egyes intermedierek kinetikáját kísértem figyelemmel abszorpciókinetikai mérésekkel, hogy ezzel meghatározzam az optimális környezetet a fehérjefilmek felhasználásához. A kinetikák feltérképezését követte a GL-PYP-filmek lineáris és nemlineáris törésmutatójának a meghatározása. A NLO törésmutatót Z-scan technikával állapítottam meg, a gerjesztő impulzus különböző átlagos és csúcsintenzitásait, valamint ismétlési frekvenciáit alkalmazva. Annak érdekében, hogy megvizsgáljam, hogy a fehérjeréteg miniatürizálható-e, illetve hogy létrehozhatóak-e homogén, egyrétegű fehérjestruktúrák, vibrációs összegfrekvencia-keltési spektroszkópiát (VSFG) használtam a PYP réteg felszínének vizsgálatára. Végezetül, a fehérje fotociklusának különböző intermedierjeit felhasználva IO-kapcsolást demonstráltam. Időben lassabb kapcsolást Mach-Zehnder interferométer segítségével, míg szub-pikoszekundumos kapcsolást tranziens rácsos (TG-) spektroszkópiával mutattam be. A tézisekben összefoglalt eredmények alapján elmondható, hogy GL-PYP filmek megfelelő aktív anyagként alternatívát nyújthatnak jövőbeli IO-alkalmazásokban.
Justiça socioambiental e crise climática
Authors: Silva da Rosa Luana , Cândido Fleury Lorena
Published: September 2024

Vivemos na era das catástrofes ambientais e da crise climática. As causas e efeitos da crise impactam diretamente quem menos contribui com ela, sobretudo mulheres e comunidades em situação de vulnerabilidade que vivem em áreas de risco e são vítimas da desigualdade social e da injustiça ambiental. Por esta razão, este artigo se propõe a relatar a situação de moradores da Ocupação Steigleder durante a passagem de um ciclone extratropical pelo Rio Grande do Sul na noite do dia 15 de junho e madrugada do dia 16 de junho de 2023.  Em termos metodológicos, este artigo faz uso da antropologia por demanda e entrevista duas lideranças comunitárias da Ocupação Steigleder. Como categoria analítica se baseia na ecologia decolonial e no conceito de justiça socioambiental. A partir disso, é possível concluir que, com o avanço da crise climática, catástrofes como essa poderão se tornar cada vez mais recorrentes, evidenciando a urgência de políticas de adaptação às mudanças climáticas.
Uma perspectiva sobre o saneamento na Aldeia da Reserva da Jaqueira, Porto Seguro - BA
Authors: Cunha Ricardo , Santos Vitor Vulga dos , Rabbani Allívia Rouse Carregosa , Mathlouthi Rahma Bentirou , Rabbani Roberto Muhájir Rahnemay
Published: September 2024

A Aldeia da Reserva da Jaqueira em Porto Seguro (BA) além de ser moradia de famílias indígenas do povo Pataxó tem como principal atividade econômica o turismo. O local se destaca por ser um dos principais destinos dentro do itinerário dos turistas na região. Ao longo dos anos a aldeia vem passando por melhorias na infraestrutura, dentre estas relacionadas a questão do uso da água e de seu saneamento. Esse artigo apresenta um relato de experiência na aldeia, território fértil para a prática dessa relação entre a academia e os conhecimentos tradicionais. Este relato possui uma abordagem teórico-metodológica a fim de compreender a relação da água e do saneamento da reserva. Para o povo Pataxó, para além do seu valor ambiental, a água possui uma simbologia no que se refere às suas tradições e práticas culturais, de lazer, de sobrevivência bem como em rituais religiosos.
Epstein-Barr Virus-Negative Plasmablastic Lymphoma Post-liver Transplantation
Authors: Lin Jonathan K. , Grant Lafaine
Published: September 2024

Existing on the spectrum of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD), plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a highly aggressive form of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Since its discovery in 1997, fewer than 5 cases of postliver transplantation–associated PBL have been recorded. Despite increased awareness of PTLD and improvement in imaging, PBL often presents with disseminated disease at the time of diagnosis. Treatment usually involves immunosuppression reduction and the use of chemo/immunotherapy, but the prognosis remains poor, with median survival being less than 12 months. We present to you a case of Epstein–Barr virus–negative PBL occurring more than 6 years postliver transplantation.
La representación de Jasón en Heroidas 6 y 12 de Ovidio
Authors: Cristaldo Fernando Yamil
Published: September 2024

En este trabajo analizamos los lexemas lentus, fallax y diferentes sintagmas que caracterizan a Jasón en las Heroidas de Ovidio, obra en la que se observan cuestionamientos a la fama del héroe y a su universo épico original de pertenencia. A partir de ese análisis procuramos demostrar que, para inscribir a Jasón en la elegía amorosa, Ovidio apela a un entramado de referencias intra e intertextuales articuladas no sólo con la representación previa del personaje y de su conducta en otras obras, sino también con las nuevas perspectivas enunciativas de Hipsípila y Medea, autoras ficticias de las Heroidas 6 y 12.
Uictorem uictae subcubuisse queror: representaciones del pudor masculino en las Heroidas 4, 9 y 17 de Ovidio
Authors: Flores Romina
Published: September 2024

En el presente trabajo se analizan las Heroidas 4, 9 y 17 en las que Fedra, Deyanira y Helena cuestionan la pudicitia de sus contrapartes masculinas: Hipólito, Hércules y Paris, respectivamente. En el análisis, se consideran las características de los héroes y el contexto ficcional en el que se compone cada carta para delimitar los alcances del pudor masculino. La hipótesis de lectura es que las heroínas escriben con la intención de enfrentarse a la tradición, que las considera impúdicas, y construyen el discurso epistolar a los efectos de presentar su conducta como la apropiada y la masculina como la inadecuada.
The Long View: Henri, Christian and the Theory of the Production of Urban Space
Authors: Keil Roger
Published: September 2024

Editorial.
Synthesis methods, structure and applications of cyanoaurate complexes with organic cation radicals and onium cations: a review
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia, Shevchenko D.
Published: September 2024

Cyanoaurate complexes represent a wide class of compounds with diverse structures and many potential practical applications, including such areas as microelectronics, nanotechnology, materials science, medicine. In contrast to metal cyanoaurates, complexes with only organic radical cations and onium/inium cations do not have a coordination polymeric structure; their crystal organization is determined only by noncovalent interactions between the structural units. The absence of well-defined coordination centers for ordering cyanoaurate anions imposes some restrictions on the ability of synthetic chemists to predict the final structure of new complexes, as well as their physicochemical properties. Nevertheless, these compounds are known to have useful conductive/dielectric, magnetic, emissive, and optical properties, which makes chemists interested in this class of gold derivatives. The present review, which includes a description of modern advances in the field of synthesis methods, the study of structural features and the possibility of practical use of di , tetra- and dihalodicyanoaurate complexes with organic cation radicals and onium/inium cations, is based on analysis of the literature sources, most of which were published before 2022. Some later work is also presented in the review. The information presented in this paper is of a fundamental nature and may be useful for specialists in the field of inorganic and organometallic chemistry of gold. The bibliography consists of 88 references.
Reactions of butene[bis(triphenylphosphonium)] and pentane[bis(triphenylphosphonium)] bromides with arenesulfonic acids
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia, Sharutin V. , Mekhanoshina E. , Vershinina E. , Zakharchenkova V.
Published: September 2024

The reaction of equimolar amounts of tetraorganylphosphonium bromides with arenesulfonic acids in water led to formation of ionic tetraorganylphosphonium arenesulfonates [Ph3PCH2CH=CHCH2PPh3][OSO2C9H3N(OH-4)(I-7)]2 ∙ 4H2O (1), [Ph3P(CH2)5PPh3][OSO2С6H4(COOH-2)][Br] (2), yielding up to 89 %. The structural features of complexes 1, 2 were established by X-ray diffraction. Crystals 1 [C58H54I2N2O12P2S2, M 1350.89; triclinic system, symmetry group P–1; cell parameters: a = 9.506(8), b = 11.323(12), c = 13.662(10) Å; a = 82.21(4)°, β = 89.26(2)°, g = 72.60(4)°, V = 1390(2) Å3, Z = 2; rcalc = 1.614 g/cm3], 2 [C48H45O5P2SBr, M 875.75; triclinic system, symmetry group P–1; cell parameters: a = 10.307(7), b = 14.226(9), c = 16.291(10) Å; a = 67.07(3)°, β = 83.74(3)°, g = 74.65(3)°, V = 2122(2) Å3, Z = 2; rcalc = 1.371 g/cm3] consist of tetraorganylphosphonium cations and arene-sulfonate anions with a tetrahedral sulfur atom. The crystal of complex 2 also contains [Br]- anions. The P–C bond lengths vary in the range 1.779(3)−1.815(4) Å. The CPC bond angles take values of 104.33(15)−112.00(10)°. The S–O distances vary within the range of 1.4397(18)−1.4576(19) Å. Complete tables of atomic coordinates, bond lengths and bond angles for structures have been deposited in the Cambridge Structural Data Bank (No. 2164291 (1), No. 2165072 (2), deposit@ccdc.cam.ac.uk; http://www.ccdc cam.ac.uk).
Tetraorganylphosphonium chloride and arenesulfonates
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia, Sharutin V. , Sharutina O. , Mekhanoshina E.
Published: September 2024

The interaction of equimolar amounts of triphenylphosphorus dichloride with pentaphenylphosphorus in benzene have synthesized tetraphenylphosphonium chloride (1), which reacts with arenesulfonic acids to form tetraphenylphosphonium arenesulfonates [Ph4P][OSO2C6H3(OH-4)(COOH-3]∙H2O (2), [Ph4P][OSO2C10H5(OH-1)(NO2)2-2,4] (3), yielding up to 82%. A similar reaction of cyclohexyltriphenylphosphonium chloride with 2-sulfobenzoic acid is accompanied by the synthesis of cyclohexyltriphenylphosphonium 2-carboxybenzenesulfonate [Ph3P(С6H11-cyclo)][OSO2C6H4(COOH-2)] (4), yielding 80%. Structural features of complexes 24 have been established by X-ray diffraction. It has been shown that in cations 2–4 the phosphorus atoms have a distorted tetrahedral coordination, and for arenesulfonate anions the usual geometry with a tetrahedral sulfur atom is observed.
Effect of the H38 helix conformation on stability of pre-reactional state of peptidyl transferase center of A ribosome: a molecular dynamics study
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia, Makarova Т.
Published: September 2024

Molecular dynamics simulations of the 70 E.coli ribosome complex in the canonical A/A, P/P-state, carrying ErmBL stalling peptide, enabled us to observe formation and destabilization of pre-reactional conformation of the peptidyl transferase center (PTC). In the absence of antibiotics in the nascent peptide exit tunnel (NPET), the peptidyl transferase reaction (PTR) substrates, specifically, the Lys-aa-tRNA aminogroup and the Asp-P-tRNA ester, were found to be steadily close to each other at a distance of no more than 4.5 Å during 200 ns of simulation. In the presence of erythromycin in NPET that distance increased to 6 Å and more during the same time of simulation; moreover, the binding site of the CCA-end of A-tRNA became distorted. An important role in the A-tRNA positioning was played by H38 of 23S rRNA: its binding patterns with A-tRNA and the H84 neighboring helix, which participates in the P-tRNA positioning, altered significantly. In the trajectory, where the PTR substrates are the most converged, the H38 and H84 helices are linked to each other by stacking interaction of the U890 and G2308 residues, and the A896 residue formed a stacking contact with G19 of A-tRNA. The presence of erythromycin in NPET destructs the stacking contact between H38 and H84, while the A-tRNA position alters to such an extent, that it interacts with H38 by its another residue, C56. Such a distortion of the A-tRNA binding results in destruction of the pre-reactional state of PTR, which could explain the antibiotic’s action. It is significant that the H38 position is worth to be additionally optimized for obtaining the pre-reactional ribosomal structures due to insufficiency of the structural data regarding this helix.
Thermal decomposition of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) benzoates and aminobenzoates.
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia, Tolstoguzov D. , Zherebtsov D. , Belov K. , Vyatkin G.
Published: September 2024

The article discusses the main methods for obtaining carbon composite nanomaterials and highlights the thermolysis method as one of them. To understand the essence of thermal decomposition processes as a synthesis method for carbon nanomaterials, thermolysis of aromatic carboxylates of such elements as manganese(II), cobalt(II), nickel(II), and copper(II) was considered. The article thoroughly discusses the synthesis procedure for these metal carboxylates under simple conditions. The thermal decomposition process was carried out in two environments (air as oxidizing one and argon as neutral one) to compare the products obtained. For a detailed study of the decomposition processes of manganese(II), cobalt(II), nickel(II), and copper(II) carboxylates, thermal analysis methods (TG and DSC) were used on a Netzsch 449 Jupiter synchronous thermal analyzer. To study the morphology and composition of the products, the methods of X-ray phase analysis, optical and scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray fluorescence microanalysis were used. The devices used were a Rigaku Ultima IV X-ray diffractometer and a scanning electron microscope with a Jeol JSM-7001F. The mechanisms of thermal decomposition of manganese(II), cobalt(II), nickel(II), and copper(II) carboxylates were suggested. For a more accurate determination of the composition of the synthesis products of manganese(II), cobalt(II), nickel(II), and copper(II) carboxylates and for a more accurate description of the processes of thermal decomposition of these salts, the corresponding aromatic carboxylic acids were also thermally decomposed. The appendix to the article presents thermograms of manganese(II), cobalt(II), nickel(II), and copper(II) aromatic carboxylates.