bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recurrence of Patellar Instability in Adolescents Undergoing Surgery for Osteochondral Defects Without Concomitant Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Pedowitz Jason M. , Edmonds Eric W. , Chambers Henry G. , Dennis M. Morgan , Bastrom Tracey , Pennock Andrew T.
Published: November 2018

Background:

First-time patellar dislocation with an associated chondral or osteochondral loose body is typically treated operatively to address the loose fragment. The incidence of recurrent instability in this patient population if the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) is not reconstructed is unknown.

Purpose:

To determine the recurrent instability rate in patients undergoing surgery for patellar instability with chondral or osteochondral loose bodies, as well as to identify and stratify risk factors for recurrent instability.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

This was a retrospective analysis of adolescent patients treated operatively for acute patellar dislocation with associated chondral or osteochondral loose bodies between 2010 and 2016 at a single pediatric level I trauma center with minimum 2-year follow-up. Potential demographic, injury-related, radiographic, and surgical risk factors were recorded. The primary outcome variable was recurrent subluxation and/or dislocation. Secondary outcome variables included need for additional procedures, Kujala score, Single Assessment Numerical Evaluation (SANE) score, and patient satisfaction.

Results:

Forty-one patients were included. In total, 61% experienced recurrent instability at a mean follow-up of 4.1 years and 39% required subsequent MPFL reconstruction. Tibial tubercle-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance greater than 15 mm was a risk factor for recurrent instability ( P = .03). Patients with TT-TG distance greater than 15 mm and greater than 20 mm had recurrent instability rates of 75% and 86%, respectively. MPFL repair did not reduce the rate of recurrent instability ( P = .87). Recurrent instability was associated with significantly worse mean Kujala (93.9 vs 83.0; P = .01), SANE (88.9 vs 73.1; P = .01), and patient satisfaction scores (9.4 vs 7.3; P = .002).

Conclusion:

If the MPFL is not reconstructed during index loose body treatment, children have a 61% recurrent instability rate. Patients with TT-TG distance greater than 15 mm, and particularly greater than 20 mm, are at highest risk for recurrent instability.
Treatment-Related Costs of Childhood Epilepsy in Mainland China: A Preliminary Study in a Tertiary Pediatric Epilepsy Center
Authors: Sang Tian , Xiang Ting , Zhu Sai-nan , Gao Jing-yun , Jiang Yu-wu , Wu Ye
Published: November 2018

This study aimed to investigate the treatment-related annual cost of childhood epilepsy and its related factors in mainland China. A total of 244 cases were collected at the outpatient clinics of Peking University First Hospital Pediatrics from April 2010 to August 2013. The median annual epilepsy treatment–related costs per patient were estimated to be RMB7822 (US$1160), accounting for 43.72% (median) of urban residents’ disposable income in China. Those who lived far away or with uncontrolled seizures yielded much higher costs. This study concluded that the treatment of children with epilepsy produces a heavy burden on both families and society in mainland China. The constitution ratio of antiepileptic drugs and travel expenses are much higher than those of other countries. Adjusting medical insurance coverage, balancing medical resource distribution, and taking good control of seizures might be effective in reducing the economic burden of childhood epilepsy in China.
Client-Perpetrated Violence Among Frontline Child Welfare Workers
Authors: Radey Melissa , Wilke Dina J.
Published: November 2018

Client-perpetrated violence against child protective services (CPS) workers is common and detrimental to worker wellbeing with consequences including physical injury and psychological illnesses. Despite the impacts of violence, few studies capture violence in a representative sample of CPS workers. This study examines prevalence and applies a structural inequality framework to consider who among CPS workers is most susceptible. This article used the Florida Study of Professionals for Safe Families dataset, a longitudinal panel study of newly hired CPS workers ( N = 1,501) to examine the prevalence of violence in the first 6 months of employment and consider the influence of individual characteristics. CPS workers experienced high levels of non-physical violence (75%), threats (37%), and physical violence (2.3%). Age and race were significantly related to instances of violence as were college major and position. Relationships were nuanced and did not uniformly follow a structural inequality framework. The high prevalence of violence within the first months on the job illustrates the importance of conflict and violence training before workers acquire independent caseloads. In addition, institutionalized mandatory reporting procedures with definitions of non-physical violence, threats, and physical violence may promote a culture of safety rather than an attitude that violence is part of the job. Finally, supervisors and peers can benefit from opportunities to support one other. The high prevalence of violence within certain subgroups of workers coupled with its wide-ranging consequences call for additional theoretical and empirical research and responsive policy to prioritize worker safety and wellbeing.
Combating Rx Drug Misuse: Incarcerated Women’s Proactive and Reactive Policy Recommendations
Authors: Owens Jennifer Gatewood , Smirnova Michelle
Published: November 2018

Given the rapid increase in prescription (Rx) drug misuse, overdose, and drug-related arrests, the purpose of this study is to identify strategies to combat Rx misuse from the perspective of former Rx drug misusers who are presently incarcerated. Using semi-structured interviews, we elicited such recommendations from 33 incarcerated women in the Midwest with histories of Rx drug misuse. The policy recommendations put forth by the women tended to be proactive rather than reactive and focused upon more vigilant surveillance and prevention efforts by medical professionals. While there was little mention of the criminal justice system or incarceration, women did also advocate for better treatment and rehabilitation options. Users affected by Rx misuse suggested more proactive approaches in dealing with Rx misuse that would ultimately shift drug control responsibilities from law enforcement to doctors.
Processes and Practices Associated With Reporting and Investigation of Sexual Misconduct Within Prison: A Novel Case Study Constructed Through Litigation Documents
Authors: Kubiak Sheryl , Bybee Deborah , Campbell Rebecca , Fedock Gina , Darcy Kathleen , Cummings Cristy
Published: November 2018

The reporting and investigation of sexual assault within prison is complex. Although prevalence data are available, there is little known about the processes and case attrition within prison that mirror the attrition in the community between reporting, investigation, and outcomes. This critical case study uses secondary data from a class action litigation on behalf of incarcerated women who experienced staff sexual misconduct in one state system. Multiple sources of data are used quantitatively and qualitatively to examine prison processes. Prison Rape Elimination Act Standards are used as a framework to interpret the analysis and illustrate potential barriers for the successful implementation through case narratives. Although secondary data analyses have limitations, these data would be difficult to obtain under other circumstances and includes perspectives of the affected women and key institutional actors. The goal of this study is to inform and improve the prison-based processes in service of reducing and/or preventing victimization.
Impact Evaluation of a Parolee-Based Focused Deterrence Program on Community-Level Violence
Authors: Clark-Moorman Kyleigh , Rydberg Jason , McGarrell Edmund F.
Published: November 2018

We estimate the impact of a parolee-based focused deterrence (“pulling levers”) intervention on community-level firearm and non-firearm violence in Rockford, Illinois, via a retrospective, quasi-experimental design. Focusing on incidents of firearm violence in Rockford over a period of 60 months (38 months pre-intervention, 22 months post-intervention), program impact is assessed using Bayesian Structural Time Series (BSTS) models, constructing a synthetic control-based counterfactual time series from National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) data from 59 non-treated cities of similar size. Relative to the synthetic control counterfactual, the intervention was associated with significant reductions in both firearm and non-firearm violence, particularly robberies, ranging from 6% to 30%. Consistent with research at other sites, these findings support the notion that focused deterrence strategies centered on high-risk parolees may result in reductions in firearm violence at the community level. The BSTS approach is a useful application for producing counterfactuals in retrospective quasi-experimental impact evaluations.
Effect of stage-dependent addition of nanoparticles in additive manufacturing
Authors: Francis Vishal , Jain Prashant K
Published: November 2018

Recent advancements in the additive manufacturing (AM) technology have increased its utilization in various engineering sectors for the development of end-use products. However, the limited choice of available materials tends to limit its application domain. Addition of nanoparticles can significantly improve the material properties of the AM parts. Moreover, nanoparticles can be added in different stages of the process which will play an important role in determining the increase in material properties. This aspect of the stage-dependent addition of nanoparticles in AM process has not been fully explored. The present work discusses the effect of adding nanoclay in three stages of AM process namely preprocessing, on-site and post-processing stage. It has been found that the nanoparticles interact in a different way with the polymer and result in different structure, morphology and mesostructure of the nanocomposites. The approach can be utilized for achieving improved material properties of AM-fabricated parts.
Thermal and oxidative behavior of a tetraphenylsilane-containing phthalonitrile polymer
Authors: Monzel William J , Lu Guo-Quan , Pruyn Timothy L , Houser Christopher L , Yee Gordon T
Published: November 2018

Phthalonitrile polymers have potential for high-temperature applications in polymer matrix composites as electronic encapsulation compounds. To investigate the effect of inclusion of an organosilicon moiety, a tetraphenylsilane-containing phthalonitrile monomer was synthesized in high yields. The monomer possessed a high melting point of 222–223°C, while no hydrolytic sensitivity was observed. Cured polymers exhibited glass transitions in the range of 290–325°C and coefficients of thermal expansion of 73–77 µm/(m °C). In thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), 5 wt% loss was observed at 482–497°C and 519–526°C, under air and nitrogen, respectively. Infrared (IR)-TGA of evolved gases revealed multiple degradations in both nitrogen and air. The material possessed good thermo-oxidative stability (TOS) when aged in air at 250°C. After aging for 5000 h, oxidative degradation was characterized using Fourier transform IR microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, optical microscopy, and Knoop hardness testing. Four zones were identified in aged samples. The cleavage of Si-phenyl bonds and the formation of Si–O phases and carbonyl groups were observed.
What would we use and how would we use it? Can digital technology be used to both enhance and evaluate well-being outcomes with highly vulnerable and disadvantaged young people?
Authors: Vichta Rhianon , Gwinner Karleen , Collyer Brian
Published: November 2018

An increasing number of technology apps for managing wellbeing and mental health are permeating young people’s use of digital spaces. There are a range of online wellbeing tools which have been developed to promote self-tracking and build young people’s wellbeing and mental health, for example, Optimism, My Mood Tracker and Strava. Tracking outcomes of support with highly transient young people is, more broadly, a particular challenge for youth workers, evaluators and social researchers. Using digital apps to promote as well as monitor wellbeing with tech-savvy young people is an enticing prospect for youth support services, particularly with young people whose engagement with support is sporadic and unpredictable during periods of homelessness or other crisis situations. The use of purpose-designed digital apps may have the potential to not only benefit young people’s mental health and wellbeing, but also enhance the consistency and quality of their connection with support services. In principle, putting wellbeing digital tools directly into the hands, and phones, of young people who are accessing support services seems to make good sense. A great number of online resources have, however, relatively limited uptake in highly vulnerable youth populations. The design starting point must therefore be, what would they use and how would they use it? How can digital apps help to promote stronger support engagement, be aligned with young people’s perspectives and priorities of wellbeing, and enable better outcomes evaluation? This article shares learnings from a consultation with more than 400 young youth service users to build better understanding of their relationships with digital technologies, what they would use and how they would use it to better connect with support as well as to promote and record changes in wellbeing over time. Exploring the young people’s perspectives on wellbeing, service delivery and use of digital technologies has broad implications for the integration of digital technology into both service delivery and evaluation of youth programmes. The findings suggest that digital platforms can play a role in evaluating youth wellbeing over time. The prerequisites, are however, that young people’s autonomy and individuality must be supported. We need to start from a place that facilitates agency and creativity, and focuses on capturing qualitative data that meet young people in their world – even when this is challenging for us.
A two-dimensional modular deployable truss structure with bistability
Authors: Suh Jong-Eun , Jeong Suk-Yong , Han Jae-Hung
Published: November 2018

In this article, a new concept of two-dimensional modular deployable truss structure is proposed. To eliminate additional needs of containment mechanism, the proposed deployable structure is designed to have bistable characteristics so that it can stay robust both in the stowed and deployed states. The deployment of each module is triggered by the actuation of shape memory alloys. Static and dynamic models of the proposed deployable structure are established to analyze the characteristics and behavior of the system. The packaging ratio of the proposed structure is analyzed in terms of the design parameters. The results of static and packaging efficiency analysis show that the proposed concept has operational flexibility and high packaging efficiency. Verification of the dynamic model is performed based on a comparison of the response of the dynamic model and the actual deployment process of an experimental model; the deployment process is captured using a stereo pattern recognition camera system. It is shown that the established dynamic model can accurately describe the deployment behavior of the proposed structure.
An Experiment on the Salience of Country-of-Origin in the Era of Global Brands
Authors: Tse David K. , Gorn Gerald J.
Published: November 2018

This study investigates the salience of country-of-origin effects in an era when firms are globalizing their operations. Country-of-origin (positive or negative) and global brand name (internationally known or new) were manipulated in a 2 by 2 design in which subjects’ evaluations were obtained both before and after they tried a product. In contrast to the general notion that a well-known global brand will override the country-of-origin effect, we found the country-of-origin to be an equally salient and more enduring factor in consumer product evaluation. The findings provide some implications for marketing managers in their global product strategy.
Consumer Evaluations of Bi-National Products in the Global Market
Authors: Ulgado Francis M. , Lee Moonkyu
Published: November 2018

The global market today is characterized by the proliferation of binational products, or products that are branded in one country while actually manufactured in another. This paper investigates how consumers evaluate the quality of such products under two different situations. In Study 1, where brand name and country-of-manufacture were the only pieces of information given about a product, it was found that consumers used both pieces of information in evaluating the product. In Study 2, however, where specific attribute product information was available as well as brand name and country-of-manufacture, it was revealed that consumers relied heavily on the brand name information. The implications of the results for marketing, manufacturing, and sourcing strategies are discussed.
Agency Participants in Multicountry Advertising: A Preliminary Examination of Affiliate Characteristics and Environments
Authors: Hill John S. , Shao Alan T.
Published: November 2018

While much attention in the international advertising field has been given to message standardization-adaptation, the scope of multicountry campaigns has been a neglected area. In this 15-agency/344-affiliate survey of transnational advertising activities, smaller, regional campaigns were found to be the most popular form of transnational advertising. Agencies executing these types of campaigns had smaller client bases and implemented fewer multi-country campaigns than those covering more extensive major market or global campaigns. Agency affiliates participating in globally comprehensive campaigns were more likely to be wholly owned than those involved in regional or major market advertising efforts. Parent agencies exercised little influence over affiliate participations in multimarket campaigns.
Socio-Cultural Distance and the Choice of Joint Ventures: A Contingency Perspective
Authors: Agarwal Sanjeev
Published: November 2018

It is widely believed that firms choose joint venture forms overseas when confronted with high socio-cultural distance. However, the probability of choosing the joint venture form is expected to be moderated by the firm-specific characteristics of the investing firm as well as country-specific characteristics of the country of investment. This study examines the moderating role of some firm- and country-specific factors on a firm's choice of joint venture form in response to socio-cultural distance. The firm-specific factors examined in this study include size, multinationality, and technological intensity; and the country-specific factors examined in this study include country risk and market potential. Recent data from a sample of U.S. manufacturing firms is used to test the contingency hypotheses. Results indicate the usefulness of the contingency approach for modeling choice of joint ventures.
Environmental Influences and Decision-Making Uncertainty in Export Channels: Effects on Satisfaction and Performance
Authors: Raven Peter V. , McCullough Jim M. , Tansuhaj Patriya S.
Published: November 2018

Exporting is a popular entry strategy into foreign markets, but many firms that could export do not. One barrier to effective exporting may be uncertainty about the foreign environment. This article examines the perceptions of export executives regarding the foreign environment and decision-making uncertainty and their effects on satisfaction and economic performance in the export channel. A mail survey was received from 118 firms involved with exporting agricultural commodities. The results suggest that firms perceive environmental uncertainty and decision-making uncertainty to be greater in export channels than in domestic channels and that these types of uncertainty affect satisfaction and performance. Specifically, environmental dynamism and decision-making uncertainty negatively influenced satisfaction and performance in the export channel, while environmental complexity positively influenced performance. Managerial implications are discussed.
Sources and Management of Conflict: The Case of Saudi-U.S. Joint Ventures
Authors: Yavaş Uğur , Eroğlu Doğan , Eroğlu Sevgin
Published: November 2018

Joint ventures predominate in business formats used by multinational corporations in developing countries. It is believed that joint ventures in these countries suffer more conflicts and performance problems than joint ventures in developed countries. However, there is little empirical research into understanding the nature of joint venture problems in less developed countries. Furthermore, what little research exists examines the issue from the perspective of the parent company at the expense of the local partner's point of view. The study reported here is intended to fill this void. Specifically, the study examines severity of various conflicts in Saudi-U.S. joint ventures operating in Saudi Arabia from the perspective of Saudi partners. Three critical sources of conflict are identified and analyzed in detail. The discussion concludes by recommending a dynamic approach to conflict management with a special emphasis on developing communication capabilities.
Cross-Cultural Differences in Intrachannel Communications: The United States and India
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Soumava , Robicheaux Robert A. , Hill John S.
Published: November 2018

Findings of a comparative study of intrachannel communication in marketing channels in the United States and India are presented. Two factors—the cultural environment and the degree of relational-ism in channel relationships—were posited to affect the nature of supplier-dealer communications. A survey of lighting equipment dealers in the two countries indicated that compared to the U.S. environment, the Indian environment was characterized by greater unidirectional communication from supplier to dealer, lower communication frequency, greater use of formal communication modes, and greater supplier use of direct influence strategies. A relational channel structure neutralized the differences in communication patterns due to cultural differences, however.
Problems in International Protection of Intellectual Property Rights
Authors: Jain Subhash C.
Published: November 2018

Intellectual property rights are policies that assign and protect the rights to earn income from innovative and creative activity. These rights provide legal authority to control the dissemination and commercialization of new information and ideas and to enforce sanctions against their unauthorized use. Intellectual property rights play a critical role in global economic growth and development because they affect the profitability of industrial research and the rewards to creative activity. At the same time, intellectual property rights are controversial because their stronger international protection may come at the expense of higher prices and reduced availability of products, particularly in developing countries. Obviously, developing countries prefer a low level of protection.

Traditionally, intellectual property rights were of concern only to a few lawyers specializing in the field. But the enormous expansion in world trade in the 1980s elevated intellectual property rights to new prominence in international trade policy. At the same time, new and emerging technologies have made traditional protection of intellectual property rights inadequate. For these reasons, the topic of international protection of intellectual property rights should be an important subject of concern among international business and marketing scholars.

This article provides an overview of intellectual property rights and their international protection. The conflict between the industrialized and developing countries on the level of protection is highlighted. Issues and controversies that affect the field today are examined. Finally, ideas are advanced for further research on the subject.
The Sequence of Operational Modes Used by Finnish Investors in Germany
Authors: Björkman Ingmar , Eklund Michael
Published: November 2018

During the last two decades, foreign market entry has received extensive attention among international business scholars. Central among recent attempts to explain the sequence of operational modes used by foreign investors is the (Uppsala) internationalization model ( Johanson and Vahlne 1977 ). The aim of the present study is to address the question of why some companies follow while others deviate from the ‘traditional’ establishment chain proposed in the Uppsala model. In an explanatory analysis on the sequence of operational modes used by a number of Finnish companies with sales or manufacturing subsidiaries in Germany, hypotheses based on the Uppsala internationalization model, industrial economics, and internalization theory received limited support. A separate analysis focusing on only manufacturing subsidiaries indicated that other factors, such as existing market network relationships, top management changes, and product characteristics, all have an important influence on the choice of local manufacturing as some firms’ first operational mode abroad. Implications of these results for future theory building are discussed.
Marketing Motives in International Countertrade: An Empirical Examination
Authors: Paun Dorothy A. , Shoham Aviv
Published: November 2018

International countertrade is an unconventional marketing strategy used widely to promote global business transactions. A mail survey involving 108 countertrade practitioners from 23 countries suggests that marketing motives influence the importance of countertrade, frequency of countertrade use, firm-specific longitudinal change in countertrade sales volume, and orientation towards international countertrade.
International Retail Sourcing: Trend, Nature, and Process
Authors: Liu Hong , McGoldrick Peter J.
Published: November 2018

Despite substantial research on international sourcing by manufacturers and the rapid development of international sourcing channels by retailers, both conceptual and empirical studies on international retail sourcing have been few and far between. This article examines current trends of international retail sourcing and draws distinctions between international sourcing by manufacturers and international sourcing by retailers. Drawing upon the disciplines of business strategy, economics, and organizational behavior, it develops a framework for international retail sourcing that links the context, international sourcing strategy, and performance. Based on the literature and in-depth case study interviews, a model of the international retail sourcing process is offered. Implications for researchers and retailers are discussed.
Factors Influencing Customer Trust in Salespersons in a Developing Country
Authors: Andaleeb Syed Saad , Anwar Syed Ferhat
Published: November 2018

Research on trust is limited in the context of developing countries. Because of its importance in facilitating exchange, this study attempts to assess the determinants of customer trust in salespersons in a developing country. The theoretical model was derived from research conducted in the developed countries. Survey results indicate that salesperson attributes such as expertise, intent, and likability influenced customer trust in salespeople. Confidence in the organization represented by the salesperson also had a significant effect on customer trust. Customers’ product knowledge did not influence their trust in salespeople. However, customers’ generalized disposition to trust others did.
Marketing's Integration with R&D and Manufacturing: A Cross-Regional Analysis
Authors: Kahn Kenneth B. , McDonough Edward F.
Published: November 2018

With the emergence of global teams, marketing managers are not only confronted with interdepartmental issues, but cultural issues as well. As yet, most literature has focused on interdepartmental integration within a single-country company, indicating that integration via interaction and collaboration improves performance success. The question is whether this framework holds in a global context between marketing, R&D, and manufacturing.

A research study of 500 marketing, manufacturing, and R&D managers was undertaken to address this question and determine the influences that interaction and collaboration may have on performance across U.S., European, and Far Eastern companies. Research further compared the levels of interaction and collaboration used by different departments across these three regions. Findings suggest that a global framework may exist, which highlights collaboration and, to a lesser degree, interaction as factors in performance success. Findings also suggest that there may be certain culturally specific approaches for managing interdepartmental relationships.
Moral Judgment and Market Negotiations: A Comparison of Chinese and American Managers
Authors: Ford John B. , LaTour Michael S. , Vitell Scott J. , French Warren A.
Published: November 2018

Given the potential of the trading relationship between the People's Republic of China and the United States, insight into the Sino-American market negotiation process has never been more important. This exploratory study compares the Cognitive Moral Development (CMD) and negotiation style of international business people from mainland China with their direct American counterparts. In so doing, insight is gained concerning the cultural underpinnings of the market negotiation process with this very important, yet very foreign, Asian trading partner.
The Impact of National Culture, Business Scope, and Geographic Location on Joint Venture Operations in China
Authors: Vanhonacker Wilfried R. , Pan Yigang
Published: November 2018

This study describes operational experiences in 73 equity joint ventures (EJVs) in China. Key difficulties are identified in the areas of local sourcing, recruitment of skilled Chinese managers, and the clarity of laws and regulations. Although interesting and meaningful differences are identified across ventures, the analyses indicate that these three operational aspects are serious and problematic irrespective of geographic location of the EJV in China, its business scope, and the national culture of the foreign partner. Neither location, nor industry, nor ethnic relation among partners shields the EJV against the most problematic operational concerns. Given their structural and cultural origins, these operational difficulties are likely to remain a headache for foreign managers operating in China in the near future.
Control, Conflict, and Performance: A Study of U.S.-Chinese Joint Ventures
Authors: Ding Daniel Z.
Published: November 2018

This study was designed to test empirically the linkages between control, conflict, and performance using a sample of U.S.-Chinese joint ventures established in China during the period of 1979–1989. Data were gathered through a questionnaire survey among U.S. managers and personal interviews with both U.S. and Chinese general managers in the selected joint ventures. Results showed that dominant managerial control exercised by the foreign partner had a positive impact on the perceived joint venture performance. The study identified major areas in which conflict between joint venture partners occurred. Empirical evidence was found that conflict between joint venture partners significantly hindered joint venture performance.
The Role of Marketing in Developing Successful New Products in South Korea and Taiwan
Authors: Song X. Michael , Montoya-Weiss Mitzi M. , Schmidt Jeffrey B.
Published: November 2018

Developing new products is an important activity for firms in the global, competitive marketplace. While marketing plays an important role in the process of developing new products, few studies have examined marketing's role in developing new products in East Asia. This research focuses on comparing marketing's contribution to the new product development process in South Korean and Taiwanese firms. South Korea and Taiwan have rapidly expanding economies that depend heavily on foreign exchange. In addition, these two countries have successfully transformed themselves from producing mainly low-value, labor-intensive goods to producing many high-value, high-technology products that require significant marketing savvy and proficiency. In this article, a model of the interrelationships among marketing resources, skills, activities, and new product performance is developed and tested using data on 372 recently developed South Korean new products and 306 recently developed Taiwanese new products. The results generally support the model, though some interesting differences were found between the two countries. It was found that merely possessing large quantities of marketing resources is not a key to new product success. Rather, the marketing skills derived from marketing resources and the proficiency in conducting marketing activities are important for successfully developing new products in South Korean and Taiwanese firms.
Executive Insights: Globalization of the Auto Parts Industry
Authors: Santucci Marc
Published: November 2018

Over the past 15 years the auto industry has shifted from a regional industry to a global industry. As a result of this shift the original equipment supplier base has been pulled in the same direction. The globalization process has paralleled the consolidation of the supplier base that has taken place. These two trends have brought new challenges and opportunities to the supplier community.
The Role of After-Sales Service in International Marketing
Authors: Asugman Gulden , Johnson Jean L. , McCullough James
Published: November 2018

This study develops and tests a conceptual framework relating internationalization and after-sales service (AS) in international marketing activities. Specifically, the study tests the relationship between internationalization, importance of AS accompanying durable export products, and actual AS offerings in foreign markets. Level of foreign market competition, relative product quality, and marketer power in the foreign distribution channel were investigated as moderators in the relationship between AS importance and services actually offered in the foreign market. Research results generally support the hypotheses, suggesting that as firms internationalize, they come to understand the role of AS in international activities. However, there are factors that facilitate and/or inhibit the marketer's actual offering of these services.
Marketing to Public- and Private-Sector Companies in Emerging Countries: A Study of Indian Purchasing Managers
Authors: Karande Kiran , Shankarmahesh Mahesh N. , Rao C.P.
Published: November 2018

Existing literature provides little guidance to international managers for selling to public- and private-sector companies in emerging countries. This research attempts to fill this gap using the context of India. The study focuses on the criteria used by industrial buyers to evaluate suppliers. Four hypotheses related to the differences in the importance placed on economic criteria, familiarity with the supplier, reliability of the supplier, and other capabilities of the supplier by purchasing managers from public- and private-sector companies in India are proposed and tested. Purchasing managers from private-sector organizations place more importance on economic criteria and other capabilities of the supplier than do purchasing managers from public-sector organizations. However, there is no difference in the importance placed on the reliability of the supplier by public- and private-sector purchasing managers. Also, no differences in the perception of familiarity as a supplier evaluation dimension are found. Specific recommendations are made on the basis of the findings that can aid managers in making marketing strategy decisions, including positioning, pricing, product, promotion, and distribution decisions. Finally, limitations of the study and extensions for further research are provided.
Perspectives: Multicultural Marketing in Australia: Synergy in Diversity
Authors: Wilkinson Ian F. , Cheng Constant
Published: November 2018

Australia's multicultural society presents challenges and opportunities for marketers. This article presents a framework for analyzing multicultural marketing in terms of the interrelations among three types of factors, that is, the multicultural marketplace in Australia, international markets, and the multicultural resources that exist in Australia. The authors argue that Australia's cultural diversity, as well as that of other multicultural societies, is a valuable resource for recognizing and responding to the opportunities presented in international markets. Several case studies are used to illustrate the ways in which opportunities in the domestic and international marketplace can arise and be responded to as a result of the multicultural dimensions of a society. The cases are drawn from winning entries in the annual Australian Multicultural Marketing Awards. Although developed in terms of Australian society, the ideas are relevant to all culturally heterogeneous societies.
The Internationalization of Small High-Technology Firms
Authors: Jones Marian V.
Published: November 2018

This study of 196 small high-technology firms embraces the areas of the internationalization of entrepreneurially led firms and the early stages of the international growth and development of high-technology firms. The author's conceptual stance is that the early internationalization of small firms should be viewed as an holistic process, that is, one in which interrrelated and even integrated decisions and processes combine to accomplish a firm's individual pattern of internationalization. The study explores firms’ patterns of international development through their establishment of cross-border activity in key value chains and associated service activities.
Productive Forces of Post-Truth(s)?
Authors: Koro-Ljungberg Mirka , Carlson David Lee , Montana Anna
Published: November 2018

Despite efforts to re-establish epistemological order, a litany of fake websites, media misrepresentation, “rumor bombs,” hoaxes, fake news, plagiarisms, and fabricated subjects document the emergence of a post-truth era. Increasing amount of scholarship is shared and distributed in media and thus the truth-value of (qualitative) inquiry also depends on the general discourses and practices operating in this contemporary post-truth era. Although critical thought is prized as the vehicle for advancing understandings, the scholarly literature does little to critically deconstruct the nature of post-truth(s) or question post-truth assumptions, to arrive at alternative conclusions and productive possibilities of our post-truth era. Following many poststructuralist thinkers, we then seek a deconstructive approach that first exposes and then subverts our implicit assumptions and dominant ways of thinking about truth, un-truth, and post-truth. In particular, we first consider broad conditions that shaped post-truth, while focusing on social media as a means and an ends to our obsession over “truth.” To destabilize post-truth assumptions, we then introduce mental comfort stories and critically question whether a pre-truth world ever existed. Next we discuss limitations of truth-regimes, academia, “truth” carnivals, and truth telling. Finally, we consider heterotopic spaces, such as social media, in leveraging onto-epistemological possibilities of post-truth era. To speak to the methodological audiences more broadly we call for a different space for (non)methodologies, theories, subjects, and objects in parallel flux with the complex, unpredictable, and increasingly dense post-truth world we live in.
Consumers’ perceived corporate social responsibility evaluation and support: The moderating role of consumer information
Authors: Boronat-Navarro Montserrat , Pérez-Aranda José Antonio
Published: November 2018

This study analyzes how consumers’ evaluations of various dimensions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) affect their support of it and how consumers’ searches for CSR information influence such evaluations. The empirical analysis relies on data on CSR from a wide representative sample of 3543 Spanish hotel consumers. We use hierarchical multiple regressions to test the relationships and use factorial analysis to test the validity of the different CSR dimensions. The proposed positive effects of legal, ethical, economic, philanthropic, and environmental dimensions of CSR on consumers’ support for corporate reputation, the selection of an establishment, and future purchase intention are corroborated, although they are only partially corroborated in the case of the economic dimension. These relationships are moderated in some cases by consumers’ search for information about hotels’ CSR practices. Managerial and economic implications are derived from the results.
An operational definition of day trips: Methodological proposal and application to the case of the province of Barcelona
Authors: Suriñach Jordi , Casanovas Josep A , André Marién , Murillo Joaquim , Romaní Javier
Published: November 2018

The day tripper (or day visitor) is a visitor type that represents a high proportion of total visitor trips; however, unlike the tourist, few studies focus their attention specifically on them. Additionally, there is currently a marked deficit of methodological specificity in the definition of the concept and the quantification procedures used in its study. This article examines the various definitions proposed to date of the ‘day trip’, highlighting this lack of specificity, above all with regard to the concept of usual environment. It then proposes a specific methodology for the quantification of day trips in small areas, without discounting official statistics, but seeking to make it independent of other variables (including the size of a territory). We propose linking usual environment with belonging to the same urban system. The article concludes by applying our proposal to the case of the province of Barcelona.
A pilot study on the impact of a pottery workshop on the well-being of people with dementia
Authors: Pérez-Sáez Enrique , Cabrero-Montes Elena M , Llorente-Cano María , González-Ingelmo Elena
Published: November 2018

Objective

This study seeks to assess the impact of a pottery workshop as a creative arts programme and discover the extent to which people with dementia taking part in an artistic and creative activity engage with it, experience a feeling of well-being, and improve their mood state. In addition, the study will seek to answer the question of whether taking part in a programme of creative activities improves the self-esteem of people with dementia.

Method

The research used an uncontrolled, repeated measures design. Thirty users of the National Reference Centre for Alzheimer’s and Dementia care in Salamanca (Spain) in a moderate to advanced stage of dementia (Global Deterioration Scale 4, 5, or 6) were divided into five intervention groups that received ten 45-minute sessions in which they were helped by facilitators to make different ceramic pieces. The participants were assessed before and after the intervention with a self-esteem scale, and they rated their mood before and after the sessions on a graphic scale. During the art sessions, two observers recorded the presence of multiple indicators of well-being.

Results

The intervention was found to have a significant impact on mood and self-esteem that was independent of the participants’ Global Deterioration Scale. Regarding the tool used to observe well-being, the participants scored highly in the domains of sustained attention, pleasure, self-esteem, and normalcy, with low scores in negative affect and sadness.

Conclusions

Pottery may be a highly suitable activity for people with dementia, as they may enjoy both the activity and the creative process, with it triggering a positive mood during the sessions, providing psychological well-being and reinforcing their self-esteem.
How Shall We Measure Our Progress? On Paradigms, Metaphors, and Meetings in Audience Research
Authors: Barker Martin
Published: November 2018

This article (which began life as a presentation to the closing CEDAR Conference in Lisbon, 2017) interrogates the state of the “field” of audience research, by looking back to Thomas Kuhn’s work on paradigms in science, and the institutional conditions necessary for their operation. It then looks forward to recent work in the sociology of expectations, to consider the role of future predictions. The article concludes that audience research is perhaps not a field or a discipline, although the aspiration to be so is not altogether a bad thing. The article suggests that the best destiny for the field is to be a rogue element within the broader media, communication, and cultural studies domain, demanding—and providing—empirical evidence in the face of normatively charged claims.
Aidi Injection, a Traditional Chinese Medicine Injection, Could Be Used as an Adjuvant Drug to Improve Quality of Life of Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Xie Gang , Cui Zhihua , Peng Kai , Zhou Xiehai , Xia Quan , Xu Dujuan
Published: November 2018

Background: Clinical research has paid increasing attention to quality of life (QoL) in recent years, but the assessment of QoL is difficult, hampered by the subjectivity, complexity, and adherence of patients and physicians. According to previous studies, QoL in cancer patients is related to performance status (PS) and influenced by chemotherapy-related toxicity. Aidi injection, a traditional Chinese medicine injection, is used as an adjuvant drug to enhance effectiveness of chemotherapy. The study aims to investigate whether Aidi injection could improve QoL by improving PS and reducing toxicity caused by chemotherapy. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medicine University. Data of consecutive patients diagnosed with cancers between January 2014 and June 2017 were retrieved from the electronic medical record system. After a 1:1 propensity score match, patients were then divided into 2 groups based on the therapies used, that is, Aidi injection combined with chemotherapy and chemotherapy alone, and the PS, chemotherapy-related toxicity, and combined medication information were compared. The effect of different dosages of Aidi injection on patients was further explored. Results: A total of 3200 patients were included in this study. Aidi injection combined with chemotherapy exhibited significantly benefit in PS ( P < .001, odds ratio [OR] 3.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.4-4.8) compared with chemotherapy alone after adjusting for the factors that affect PS. The improvement rate of PS in the Aidi group was significantly higher than in the control group across the stratification of gender, age, tumor type, TNM stage, body mass index, nodal metastasis, prior chemotherapy, chemotherapy regimens, other Chinese tradition medicines, and chemotherapy cycle. Meanwhile, Aidi injection used synchronously with chemotherapeutic drugs could decrease the incident rate of damage to liver and kidney function, myelosuppression, and gastrointestinal reactions caused by chemotherapy. Conclusion: It was indicated that the integrative approach combining chemotherapy with Aidi injection, especially with the conventional dosage of Aidi injection, had significant benefit on QoL in cancer patients.