bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Working Conditions Of Teachers Of Elementary Schools In The Valley Districts Of Manipur
Authors: Devi N. Nomika , Premika Devi Nongmeikapam
Published: September 2019

Working conditions of teachers include many tangible and intangible factors such as proper sanitary conditions, arrangements for good air and water, provision for adequate resting places, quite atmosphere, good climate, proper lighting, and cordial relations between the workers and the head with smooth liaison between the two. The State Education Commission, Manipur 1992 observed that “Lack of even the minimum essential facilities in schools particularly elementary schools, is a serious handicap in raising the quality of school education in the state. The State Education Commission, Manipur also reported that the teachers are sore about their low emoluments, poor conditions of service and lack of even essential physical infrastructure and proper teaching-learning environment in most of the schools. The matter calls for serious attention. The objective is to study the overall working conditions of elementary school teachers in the valley districts of Manipur. The investigator selected representative sample of 96 schools from different managements on the basis of stratified cluster sampling technique. Working conditions questionnaire were administered to 600 teachers. It was found 23% of the respondents reported that they do not have toilet facilities. It was reported that 42.17% teachers had insufficient numbers of teachers in their respective schools. Majority of the respondents (59%) reported that salaries were not paid in time. . Majority of the elementary teachers did not have computer knowledge (62.67%). It was also found that 32.5% did not teach their concern subject. In terms of using teaching aids (65.33%) and preparing lesson-plan(100%), the responses were high. 75.67% of teachers reported to have cordial relationship among the teachers. Only 37.33% of teachers have computer knowledge and 14.17%   respondents used computer in teaching. In the age of technology the use of computer is a must. Majority of the elementary teachers did not have computer knowledge (62.67%).
Analisis Pembelajaran PKLH Secara Terintegrasi Dengan Pelajaran Lain Di SMP
Authors: Lullulangi Mithen
Published: September 2019

This study aims to determine the success of the program of Population and Environmental Education (PKLH) especially to evaluate the three main shutter in PKLH, ie cognitive shutter, affective shutter, and psychomotor shutter taught in an integrated manner with other subjects in Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP), Negeri 1 Balla Kecamatan Balla Mamasa Regency. The population of this study is all students of SMP Negeri 1 Balla, which consists of Class VII = 97 people, Class VIII = 88 people, so the population = 185 people. The sample in this study was determined by 134 students, taken by probability proportionate stratified random sampling. The research variables are: 1) The domain of thinking process (cognitive domain), 2) Affective domain and 3) the psychomotor domain of PKLH material. The data in this research is the result of the test to the respondent, that is the test done to know the knowledge, attitude, and skill of the students  about things related to PKLH material. Data were analyzed descriptively and multiple regression using SPSS software as a tool. The results showed that: 1) The domain of the thinking process (cognitive domain), is in the low category, 2) Affective domain is in the medium category, and 3) The psychomotor domain is in the medium category. In addition, the result of multiple regression analysis shows that there is a significant relationship between the variables of thinking process and the sphere of attitude toward the skill domain, with an influence value of 68.4% about PKLH material.
Gambaran Pengelolaan (Hutan Kemasyarakatan) HKm di Indonesia
Authors: Muhdar Muhdar , Dirawan Gufron D , Wiharto Muhammad
Published: September 2019

This study aims: To describe the management of Community Forestry (HKm) in Indonesia. Through a theoretical study of some of the results of research on community forest management in Indonesia. Then the results of this study show that the management of HKm is more oriented to short-term economic interests, not ecologically and economically sustainable, resulting in damage to forest functions, both ecological and economic functions, due to various problems faced by the field and inequality between government regulations. The solution to the results of this study is that in the management of Community Forestry, it is necessary to pay attention to three principles, namely: a) Benefit and are ecologically, economically, socially and culturally sustainable, b). deliberation; and justice for the whole community.
Pencemaran Udara Akibat Gas Buang Kendaraan Bermotor Dan Dampaknya Terhadap Kesehatan
Authors: Haruna Haruna , Lahming Lahming , Amir Faizal , Asrib Ahmad Rifqi
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT. This study aims: to describe the composition and behavior of exhaust gases of motorized vehicles that can have an impact on human health. Based on the results of a theoretical study of various information that the main pollutants in motor vehicle exhaust gases are carbon monoxide (CO), hindrocarbon compounds, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur (SOx), and dust particulates including lead (PB). Chemical reactions in the atmosphere sometimes take place in a long and complex reaction chain, and produce an end product that can be more active or weaker than the original compound. Motor vehicle exhaust gases which have an impact on health are classified as follows; (1). Pollutants which mainly interfere with the respiratory tract. Included in this group are sulfur oxides, particulates, nitrogen oxides, ozone and other oxides, (2). Pollutants that cause systemic poisons, such as monoxide and lead / lead hydrocarbons, (3). Pollutants suspected of causing cancer such as hydrocarbons, (4). Conditions that interfere with comfort such as noise, street dust, etc. So the conclusion is that in anticipating the negative impacts caused by motor vehicle exhaust gases, the role of the government in setting several regulations and policies in the environmental field is needed, where every business or activity is prohibited from violating the quality standards and standard criteria of environmental damage set by government. ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan: menguraikan tentang komposisi dan perilaku gas buangan kendaraan bermotor yang dapat berdampak pada kesehatan manusia. Berdasarkan hasil kajian teori dari berbagai informasi bahwa bahan pencemar yang utama didalam gas buangan kendaraan bermotor adalah karbon monoksida (CO), senyawa hindrokarbon, oksida nitrogen (NOx) dan sulfur (SOx), dan partikulat debu termasuk timbel (PB). Reaksi kimia di atmosfer kadangkala berlangsung dalam suatu rantai reaksi yang panjang dan rumit, dan menghasilkan produk akhir yang dapat lebih aktif atau lebih lemah dibandingkan senyawa aslinya. Gas buang kendaraan bermotor yang berdampak pada kesehatan digolongkan sebagai berikut; (1). Bahan – bahan pencemar yang terutama mengganggu saluran pernafasan. Yang termasuk dalam golongan ini adalah oksida sulfur, partikulat, oksida nitrogen, ozon dan oksida lainnya, (2). Bahan– bahan pencemar yang menimbulkan pengaruh racun sistemik, seperti hidrokarbon monoksida dan timbel/timah hitam, (3).Bahan-bahan pencemar yang dicurigai menimbulkan kanker seperti hidrokarbon, (4). Kondisi yang mengganggu kenyamanan seperti kebisingan, debu jalanan, dll. Sehingga kesimpulannya bahwa dalam mengantisipasi dampak negatif yang ditimbulkan oleh gas buangan kendaraan bermotor, maka peran pemerintah dalam menetapkan beberapa peraturan dan kebijaksanaan di bidang lingkungan hidup sangat dibutuhkan, dimana setiap usaha atau kegiatan dilarang melanggar baku mutu dan kriteria baku kerusakan lingkungan hidup yang telah ditetapkan oleh pemerintah.
The study of immunity dysfunction and high susceptibility of infections in patients with diabetes and pre-diabetes: A prescription based study
Authors: Rafique Kiran , Nesar Shagufta , Iftikhar Sobia , Saify Zafar Saied , Raza Aleeza , Hassan Alisha , Rizvi Alina
Published: September 2019

Background: Diabetes, being the most prevalent co-morbidity associated with various metabolic complaints and is considered as the principal emerging health issue of 21st century. As along with conformist complications, the disease due to having immuno-deficiency characteristics that leads to low functioning of T-cells and neutrophils consequently becomes highly accountable for frequent infections. The present study was conducted to analyze the co-morbidity of infections with diabetes and to describe and control the foremost complications of infectious diseases and their management allied with this metabolic disorder.
Methodology: A cross sectional prospective study was conducted in the diabetic clinics of public and private sector hospitals of Karachi. 170 diabetic patients were included in the study, 26 were tested to be pre-diabetic and while the remaining 144 were not only diabetic also on antibiotics. The data was analyzed using the SPSS version 17.
Results: The data of study reveals that the frequency of infection was found utmost in diabetic patients, as the antibiotics prescription rate and antiseptic utilization for treating various infections was increased among these cases. As among 144 diabetic patients 50% were found to have frequent infection as were often prescribe antibiotics.
Conclusion: We concluded, severe hyperglycemia can drastically alter body immune response against pathogens, that strongly favors the deprived outcomes and severe complications. Health care professionals are required to encourage the patients to follow the recommendations and guidelines to reduce the morbidity of diabetes along with infection and prescribe drugs of choice for the management of pathogenic bacteria at early phase to avoid the severity of pathogenicity and recommendation of supplements and medicine that enhances the immunity must be enforced.
The Effect of Round Table Technique to Students’ Writing Ability in Senior High School 12 Padang
Authors: Besral Besral , Rizal Syamsul , Tawahusna Tawahusna
Published: September 2019

Beberapa masalah yang paling penting dalam tulisan siswa diidentifikasi seperti kesulitan mereka dalam mengungkapkan ide dan pemikiran dan dalam menghasilkan dan mengatur ide. Oleh karena itu, teknik Round Table diterapkan untuk mengaktifkan aktivitas siswa dalam bergantian, menanggapi dalam kelompok dan menulis ide mereka di atas kertas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan apakah atau tidak teknik Round Table memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kemampuan menulis siswa di SMA Negeri 12 Padang. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa di kelas X SMA Negeri 12 Padang, yang terdiri dari 222 siswa. Mereka dipilih secara acak untuk melayani sebagai kelompok eksperimen dan kontrol. Tes diberikan kepada kedua kelas dengan topik yang sama. Kemudian, post-test diberikan setelah menerapkan perawatan selama lima pertemuan untuk menentukan perbedaan menggunakan teknik Round Table.
ASAL USUL ILMU QIRA’AT
Authors: Sitorus Iwan Romadhan
Published: September 2019

Ilmu qiraat termasuk salah satu disiplin ilmu yang sangat penting untuk dipelajari dan salah satu elemen penting dalam memahami Al-Quran, sebab  diskursus ini berpengaruh dalam beberapa disiplin ilmu seperti linguistik, Tauhid (teologi), fikih, tafsir, , Nahu – Shorof (siktaksis-morfologi) dan disiplin disiplin ilmu lainnya. Ketika berbagai disiplin ilmu mulai dikodifikasikan , tidak terkecuali dengan ilmu qiraat , Abu Ubaid Al- Qosim Ibn Salam (w :244 H) mempelopori kodifikasi ilmu ini sebagai satu disiplin ilmu tersendiri. Setelah itu Ulama berlomba-lomba menuangkan karya monumental mereka dalam bidang qiraat baik itu dalam bentuk prosa (natsr) atau syair (nadzm).
KONSEP SAKINAH, MAWADDAH DAN RAHMAH DALAM PERNIKAHAN
Authors: Kusmidi Henderi Kusmidi
Published: September 2019

Perkawinan merupakan bagian dari ajaran Islam. Siapa yang menghindari perkawinan berarti ia telah meninggalkan sebagian dari ajaran agamanya. Disamping itu perkawinan dapat menghindarkan diri dari perbuatan zina. Islam melarang ummatnya melepaskan naluri seksual secara bebas tidak terkendali. Karena itulah Islam mengharamkan perbuatan zina dengan segala hal yang mengantarkannya dan segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengannya. Pada saat yang sama Islam memerangi kecenderungan sebaliknya yaitu kecenderungan yang melawan naluri dan mengekangnya. Karena itulah ia menyerukan kepada perkawinan, melarang kecenderungan  melajang terus dan mengebiri diri. Tidak halal bagi seorang muslim berpaling dari perkawinan, pada hal ia mampu melakukannya dengan alasan konsentrasi untuk beribadah, menjauhi dari dunia dan mengabdi secara penuh kepada Allah SWT.
BENCANA, PERLINDUNGAN SOSIAL, DAN PEREMPUAN: Studi Kasus Pasca Erupsi Merapi Di Yogyakarta
Authors: Cahyadi Ashadi
Published: September 2019

Indonesia sebagai negara yang memiliki potensi bencana besar membutuhkan banyak diskusi dari pengalaman masa lalu. Studi ini membahas tentang strategi pemerintah, komunitas, dan masyarakat dalam membangkitkan sektor ekonomi pasca erupsi merapi di Yogyakarta. Penulis memberikan perhatian khusus pada pemberdayaan perempuan karena dianggap sebagai subyek rentan. Studi ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang didukung oleh beberapa data yang bersifat kuantitatif. Semua bahan dipelajari secara interaktif, direduksi, kemudian intisari bacaan dikembangkan sesuai penalaran induktif. Studi ini menemukan bahwa pada awal bencana, perlindungan sosial menjadi strategi utama yang harus dilakukan. Itu berupa bantuan sosial, asuransi sosial, kebijakan pasar kerja, dan jaringan pengamanan sosial berbasis masyarakat. Kemudian, masa recovery yang telah diisi oleh perlindungan sosial harus dilanjutkan ke tahap pemberdayaan sosial. Model pendampingan menjadi strategi yang paling idel dan rasional ketika masyarakat berada pada kondisi lower classyang hanya bisa menggantungkan nasib pada negara dan swasta.
The Role Of Communication Climate In Improving Work Performance
Authors: Ruliana Poppy , Lestari Puji , Andrini Susi , Atmaja Suhendra
Published: September 2019

Communication climate in an organization has a very important role because communication is a way for employees to interact, either with their superior or between departments in the same position or with other employees working in different division to improve work performances. This research uses theory of communication climate from Pace and Faules (2006). Survey is used as a method in this descriptive research. The sample of study are 67 employees of Sari Ater Hotel & Resort taken in random (probability sampling); data is collected by distributing questionnaires and interviews with employees from various levels existing in the Sari Ater & Hotel Resort. Technique of data analysis carried out quantitatively using a formula of frequency distribution n = f/nx100%, and qualitatively by analyzing and interpreting the data. The objective of this research is to find out and analyze the role of organizational communication climate practices to improve employees’ performance in Sari Ater & Hotel Resort. The research result shows that organizational communication climate practices play a significant role in improving the performance of Sari Ater & Hotel Resort’s employees.
Analysis of Potential Creative Industry for People with Disabilities in Special Region of (D. I) Yogyakarta
Authors: Sidiq Sahabudin , Sudarsono Heri , Mumpuni Sarastri , Perdana Andika Ridha Ayu
Published: September 2019

This study aims to determine the potential of creative industries for people with disabilities in Yogyakarta. By gathering data from small and medium industries (IKM), creative industries, documents, interviews, and using qualitative description approach as a method of analysis, this research finds at least five important results. Firstly, people with deaf-mute condition and physical disability can work on all types of creative industries, but mental disability and mental-physical disability can only work on certain types of industry. Secondly, craft industry is the most widely sector for people with disabilities to earn more income. Thirdly, Bantul and Gunungkidul provide many jobs opportunities in creative industries compared to other districts. Fourthly, the potential of disabled people to work in creative industries decreases from 2014 to 2015 except for Yogyakarta City. The last one, job opportunity for people with disabilities may potentially be increased by expanding the type of business in Yogyakarta.
The Phenomenon Of Marriage Couples With Long-Distance Relationship
Authors: Suminar Jenny Ratna , Kaddi Sitti Murni
Published: September 2019

The study has a purpose of elaborating the motives of living in a long-distance relationship, how is the interpersonal communication and communication experience of a long-distance marriage partner if one of them stay in Bandung. The research method uses constructivist paradigm with phenomenology tradition. Data is obtained through in-depth interviews with six informants who undergo long-distance relationship with their respective spouses. The result of this study finds that the motive of getting married in long-distance couples is the motive of cause (because of motive): feeling that they match for each other, the compatibility in communicating and having the same mission/vision in life. While the purpose motive (in order to motive): gaining support and building a sakinah family. Interpersonal communication in long-distance couples is a commitment built on trust and supporting each other's activities. Happiness is believed to be the power of commitment to marital relationships. The communication experience of long-distance marriage partners is to maintain quality of communication, such as expression of longing, asking news, encouraging, supporting, and also praying for mutual success. This is done by utilizing various media that the informants have.
Communication Model Of Siak Children’s Forum Cohesiveness In Actualizing Siak Child-Friendly City
Authors: Yohana Nova , Nor M , Hardianti Fitri , Harahap Tuti Khairani
Published: September 2019

The Siak Children’s Forum (FASI) is a children's organization organized by the government of Siak Regency to bridge communication and interaction between government and children in order to fulfill the rights of children’s participation and  empowerment in a development policy program of Siak Regency as a child-friendly city. This study is conducted in order to inform and analyze the participation and communication of cohesiveness to achieve empowerment in a development policy of child-friendly city in Siak Regency. The research is qualitative with collecting data methods of observation, interviews, and documentation. The result objective of this research is to show the world that FASI as the sponsor for fulfilling and empowering childrens’ rights in participation is having an active participation to share and think of social participation and an interest in participation. FASI group cohesiveness is clearly seen from members’ intensive interaction, loyalty and communication in the forum through face-to-face communication or virtual network communication of all channels as the efforts to actualize and fulfill children’s rights in Siak Regency.
Financial Literacy Model at Micro Small Medium Entreprise (MSMEs)
Authors: Widiyati Sri , Wijayanto Edi , Prihartiningsih Prihartiningsih
Published: September 2019

Financial literacy level of MSMEs (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises) is only 15.68% and majority of the actors are unbanked. The level of MSMEs actors’ financial literacy is important in business sustainability. This study aims to measure level of MSMEs financial literacy and determine its correlation with demographic and economic variables as well as designing models to increase the literacy.Results show that 51 (25.5%) actors of  MSMEs  have low literacy level, 105 (52.5%) have moderate level, and the rest of 44 (22%) have high literacy level. Contingency Coefficient of <0.6 indicates that demographic and socioeconomic correlation is less strong in level of literacy.
Lean Production on Chili Pepper Supply Chain Using Value Stream Mapping
Authors: Perdana Tomy , Hermiatin Fernianda Rahayu , Pratiwi Ajeng Sesy Nur , Ginanjar Tetep
Published: September 2019

In the globalization economic development, most of industries have been developing strategies to improve efficiency in their production processes. Meanwhile, chili pepper supply chain is still not aware about efficiency and effectiveness in its management. Most actors in chili pepper supply chain face several obstacles, i.e. losses, waste products, and inefficiency in delivery time. This research is focused on the development of chili pepper supply chain performance using Value Stream Mapping (VSM) analysis and aims to create a new key system to develop efficiency and effectiveness. VSM is used as an instrument to enhance comparative advantage in wildly industries. VSM in chili pepper involves operation system such as 6S, Volkswagen production system, visual workplace, quick changeover system, and Hiejunka Kanban system. Those techniques are applied to reduce waste in chili pepper supply chain. The research result shows that chilli pepper supply chain should explore the implementation of VSM.
Jeje-Adang's Capital Relations in Local Election of Pangandaran Regency
Authors: Solihah Ratnia , Bainus Arry , Rahmatunnisa Mudiyati
Published: September 2019

The study of Jeje-Adang's capital relations in Pangandaran Regency election aims to analyze the influence of one capital to other capital ownership process which ultimately plays a role in winning political contestation. This study uses qualitative approach with descriptive method through field studies by means of interviews, documentation, and literature studies. The study results indicate a relationship between political capital, economic capital, and Jeje-Adang's social capital in local election of Pangandaran Regency. In this relation, the utilization of social capital contributes to the acquisition of Jeje-Adang's political and economic capital. Enhancement of the pair's social capital is due to the use of political capital through their involvement in politics and government and the utilization of economic capital as entrepreneurs prior to the election. Thus, the relationship between political capital, social capital, and economic capital of Jeje-Adang is contributed to their winning in Pangandaran Regency election.
The Effectiveness of Group Counseling to Improve Students’ Social Skill in Telkom University Bandung
Authors: Qana'a Mutia , Nawangsih Endah
Published: September 2019

This study aims to see the effectiveness of group counseling in improving student social skills. Many students complain about social problems such as the difficulty to get along with and be accepted in the campus which is a new environment for them. These problems will impact on students' psychological conditions such as the decline of learning motivation, inferior feeling and even intention to resign. One of the campuses that were examined in this study was Telkom University Campus. Based on student unit data, the rate of student resign is increasing which it is a challenge for the institution. One of ways to handle student problems on psychosocial aspects such as unsociable and having no social skill is by establishing and consulting to group counseling. The group can be one of media in dealing with adolescent social problems because the task of adolescents’ development is to have peer groups. This research used Quasi Experimental method with One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design, and the research subject was Telkom University student. Based on the Wilcoxon Statistics test, it  showed that the Z value is -2.023 with a significance level of ᾳ = 0.05, which means the group counseling improved social skills of Telkom University students.
Performance of Active Customers Number PT Pegadaian Indonesia
Authors: GS Achmad Daengs , Zuhroh Diana
Published: September 2019

The objective of this study to analyze the consequences of active customers number, operational offices, loans granted to net income at PT Pegadaian. Data were quantitative sourced from secondary data taken from official website of PT Pegadaian Indonesia in the form of annual financial statements period 2011-2016 (Central Biro Statistic). Data analysis technique used in this research is Structural Equation Model (SEM) analysis with Smart Partial Least Square (PLS) tool. The results of this study indicate that: number of active customers has an insignificant effect on net income; The operational office has a significant positive effect on net income; Loans granted has significant and positive effect on net income. In general, financial statement consists of balance sheet, profit and loss and report of financial position changes. Balance sheet shows total assets, debt and capital of inventory on a certain date, financial ratios are the most popular tool for analyzing financial statements.
The Meaning Of K-Pop And Self-Concept Transformation Of K-Pop Fans In Bandung
Authors: Sobur Alex , Darmawan Ferry , Kusumalestari Ratri Rizki , Listiani Endri , Ahmadi Dadi
Published: September 2019

This research is motivated by the phenomenon of Korean culture fans, especially fans of Korean Pop music (K-pop) in Bandung. Their unusual behaviors, such as hysterical screaming over their idols, mimicking the dances, angry if their idols are insulted, and putting K-pop as their top priority are very interesting elements for the researchers to explore more about K-pop fans, particularly in Bandung. Focus of this research is the definition/ meaning of K-pop and the transformation of self-concept of K-pop fans in Bandung. This research uses a qualitative approach. Schutz's phenomenological analysis are used to examine the phenomenon of K-pop fans in terms of their experiences. The subject of this research is the informant who has fulfilled two (2) criteria, namely a fan of K-pop and a member of Korean culture lover community. Based on the results of observations and interviews, there are three self-concept transformations of informants, namely (1) byeonhwa namnyosongeui (변화남녀성의), i.e. transformation of the masculine self-concept into feminine, (2) byeonhwa dad-eun yeollin (변화성의열린), i.e. transformation of the introvert self-concept into extrovert, and (3) byeonhwa uigyeon bad-eun (변화의견받은) which can be interpreted as transformation of the closed-minded self-concept into open-minded that appreciate other people’s opinions.
The Empowerment of Upsteam-Downstream Human Resources to Revitalise Tapioca Industry
Authors: Banowati Eva , Ngabiyanto Ngabiyanto , Syukurilah Indah Anis , Trimasukmana Danang Junior
Published: September 2019

Pati Regency has the highest cassava productivity in Central Java, however tapioca industry still experiences difficulty in finding raw materials, moreover, cassava farmers have low income. The objectives of this research are 1) to investigate spatial distribution pattern of cassava and tapioca industry, 2) to review the supply of cassava to self-sufficiency oriented tapioca, and 3) to create model of integrated empowerment pilot plan received by upstream-downstream human resources. The research used Cluster Area sampling technique of cassava field and Simple Random Sampling in tapioca industry. The pilot plan model approved by the human resources was the qualified and ready-to-process cassava. Other than that, it could increase additional value of cassava products made by chip makers or for stabilizing the supply to the downstream sector as the raw material for tapioca industry.
A Review on the Book by A.M. Peshkovsky “Linguistics. Stylistics. Poetics”
Authors: Patroeva N. V.
Published: September 2019

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Effect of Credit Rating on Trade Credit: Empirical Evidences from Pakistani Non-financial sector
Authors: Kashif Muhammad , Ahmed Jaleel , Islam Mubashar , Gillani Umar Farooq
Published: September 2019

The study investigated how non-financial businesses use trade credit in the context of borrowing restrictions in developing economies. Despite the tremendous changes in the trend, trade credits still have huge usage. Buyers and suppliers have moved from traditional trading systems to advancing automated and sophisticated business methods. Multi-dimensional aspects of business strategy also include trade credits. Trade credit has a huge change in supply and demand. Trade credit is used as the main source of financing in almost all regions of the world. World-renowned companies have access to financial lending, but they prefer trade credit because it provides them an edge against collateral held at financial institutions. This research includes some factors like trade credit and credit rating. In this study has unbalanced panel data from non-financial sector of Pakistan. The data range consists of 2008 to 2016 for 38 non-financial firms. Here, by using the fixed effect model examined how credit rating affects the trade credit supply and demand in case of large and small firms. The results show that account receivables and payables both increase in the case of large firm credit rating. They can easily use the trade credit process. In case of small firms, they also join this process or trade credit agreement for smoothing their business function, but they feel some difficulties from both sides.
Determinants of Brand Loyalty in the Cola Industry of Pakistan: A Case Study of Pepsi Cola
Authors: Raza Muhammad , Frooghi Reema , Shah Saeed abbas
Published: September 2019

The study has been comprehensively designed to understand the influence of customer satisfaction on brand loyalty. Whereas, customer satisfaction with the influence of brand personality as both the rivalry brand has significantly different positioning and personality. However, the study has purposefully incorporate brand attachment, brand trust and brand commitment as determinants of brand personality. Total 503 responses were collected using convenience sampling technique from the consumer market of Karachi, Pakistan. Primary data have been gathered with the help of quantitative five-point Likert scale questionnaire adapted from various past literature. The study has used Covariance-Based (CB) SEM model is used as data analysis method using SPSS-AMOS Version 22. The results showed that brand attachment, brand trust, and brand commitment have positive and statistically high impact on brand personality. Moreover, brand personality affects customer satisfaction positively and significantly. Also, customer satisfaction also showed statistically significant and positive influence on brand loyalty. Therefore, it has been evidently proven that brand attachment, brand trust and brand commitment were constructive determinants of brand personality, whereas, brand personality inclines customer satisfaction that eventually be translated into greater brand loyalty. It further revealed that among brand attachment, brand trust and brand commitment, brand personality was most influenced by brand trust, followed by brand commitment and least influenced by brand attachment. Hence, the companies can profoundly transform their marketing and brand management strategies accordingly for better outcomes. The study also provides some managerial and future research recommendations on the basis of results and findings.
Development and Certification of Calcium Chloride Casein Reference Standard
Authors: Sukhanova S. M. , Volkova R. A. , Zakharova N. E. , Fadeikina O. V.
Published: September 2019

In accordance with the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, 14th edition, Clostridium novyi 198 test strain is used to determine growth promoting properties of thioglycollate medium when testing sterility of immunobiological medicinal products. The preservation of C. novyi 198 as spores requires a special liquid medium containing insoluble calcium chloride casein (CChC). At present, there is no reference standard available on the Russian market for the quality control of CChC used as a component of the media for preservation of C. novyi 198.

The aim of the study was to develop and certify the first batch of calcium chloride casein industry reference standard (IRS) for the quality control of CChC batches and liquid media containing CChC which is used to preserve C. novyi 198 as spores.

Materials and methods: thermally denatured CChC which was chemically synthesized from industrial CChC was used as candidate material. The quality control was performed using the test procedures described in procedural guidelines MUK 4.2.2316-08. C. novyi 198 spores were obtained as described in the «Sterility testing» section of MUK 4.2.2316-08 (preparation, inoculation and incubation in the medium containing calcium chloride casein IRS).

Results: a list of quality parameters was developed for calcium chloride casein IRS: «Spore formation» (certifiable parameter), «Appearance», «Loss on drying», «Clarity of medium». The first batch of the candidate calcium chloride casein IRS was certified. The value of the «Spore formation» certifiable parameter was found to be (32.6 ± 7.3) %, the IRS shelf life was 5 years when stored in a dry place protected from light at a temperature of 15 to 25 °C. A documentation package for the IRS 4228-444-2018 was prepared and approved. The liquid medium containing CChC reference material (0.3 g/10 mL) allows for preservation of the biological properties of the C. novyi 198 working culture for at least 12 months.

Conclusions: the certification results demonstrate that the calcium chloride casein IRS meets the applicable requirements and can be used as reference material to control the quality of new CChC batches and to assess the suitability of liquid medium containing CChC for preservation purposes. The use of the calcium chloride casein IRS makes it possible to standardise and greatly simplify the procedure for preserving the stability of C. novyi 198, to increase the efficiency and reliability of immunobiologicals quality control in terms of Sterility, and to reduce costs when using a freeze-dried strain.
Mediated happiness and digital well-being
Authors: Majkut Paul
Published: September 2019

The king sat on one end of the scale and the other end was filled with gold until a balance was reached. The king’s worth was measured by his weight in gold. Presumably, this made him happy. He said that the gold on the opposite end of the scale made him happy, but we only have his word and monarchs are famously devious. In any case, whether the king said he was happy and even truly believed that he was happy when he said he was happy is beside the point. The point is: Was he really happy?
Racionalidad gubernamental: una introducción
Authors: Gordon Colin
Published: September 2019

Entre 1970 y 1984, Michel Foucault pronunció trece cursos anuales de conferencias en el Collège de France en París. Las ocupaciones de Foucault en el Collège, como profesor en una cátedra especialmente creada en Historia de los Sistemas de Pensamiento, no consistían en enseñar un programa de estudios, sino en informar sobre los resultados de sus propias investigaciones. Varios de estos ciclos de conferencias, cuyos resúmenes hechos por el propio Foucault ya han sido publicados por el Collège,1 son exploraciones preliminares de temas desarrollados en diversos libros posteriores. Otros, sin embargo, contienen ricas vetas de material que nunca eligió o tuvo tiempo para dar mayor forma. Tal vez los dos cursos anuales más notables de los cuales esto es cierto fueron los de 1978 y 1979, respectivamente titulados "Seguridad, territorio y población", y "El nacimiento de la biopolítica". Una de las conferencias de 1978 fue publicada en vida de Foucault (aunque no en francés), y se reimprime aquí (capítulo 4).* Una disposición en su testamento ha sido interpretada por sus albaceas literarios como un impedimento a la publicación póstuma de la serie completa de conferencias; pero el interés excepcional de los cursos 1978 y 1979 ha sido reconocido por la reciente publicación en cinta de casete de las conferencias iniciales de las dos series, y una edición completa de audio de las dos series se encuentra actualmente bajo consideración. Las grabaciones completas de los cursos están disponibles para los investigadores en el archivo Foucault, en la Bibliotheque du Saulchoir en París.
Does visual scanpath reflect self-focused and other-focused attention, a maintenance factor of social anxiety?
Authors: Tomita Nozomi , Ayumi Minamide , Kumano Hiroaki
Published: September 2019

Social anxiety disorder has two
critical attentional processes, self-focused attention (SFA) and other-focused
attention (OFA). These biases are caused by two
psychological aspects: Strategies known as positive metacognitive beliefs and negative
metacognitive beliefs. A method
in which the occurrence of OFA is predicted by eye movement has been proposed.
However, few studies have investigated the relationship between SFA and changes
of eye movement. We investigated the relationship between the degree of SFA and
OFA during speech and eye movements based on psychogenic correlation that
psychological changes reflect eye movements in this study.
Standardised Data on Initiatives - STARDIT: Alpha Version
Authors: Nunn Jack S , Shafee Thomas , Chang Steven , Stephens Richard , Elliott Jim , Oliver Sandy , John Denny , Smith Maureen , Orr Neil
Published: September 2019

Ensuring people affected by initiatives (including research, education and international development) are involved in shaping how they are done is essential to ensure that what is being done (including what is being researched) is aligned with the priorities of those affected. This includes ensuring that access to knowledge generated from the initiative is universal (open access), according to the UN Convention of Human Rights. Meanwhile, ‘citizen science’ and participatory action research are blurring the lines between concepts such as ‘researcher’, ‘public’, ‘patient’ and ‘citizen’. For example, those researching global air pollution are not limited to distinct disciplines such as ‘public health’, ‘environment’ or ‘education’, with everyone affected, including researchers. The importance of involving people in initiatives by sharing power is clear, but evidence-informed methods of doing this are lacking.Creating an evidence base to inform the most effective ways of sharing power when designing, doing and evaluating initiatives is essential in order to ensure efficient, effective and equitable ways of working for the benefit of all.Standardised Data on Initiatives (STARDIT) is designed to create a standard way to share information about who was involved in an initiative (who did which tasks), what was done, what was learned and any impacts which occurred. It is designed to be flexible, so it can be easily adapted to be useful across all disciplines, including health, environment, basic science, policy and international development. STARDIT reports will be shared open access (in the public domain), using machine readable linked-data.STARDIT is being co-created in a collaborative way, with anyone in the world invited to be a part of shaping the development. All information about it will be shared for free under a Creative Commons licence. The project is currently being hosted by the WikiJournals on Wikimedia Foundation servers. The co-creation process is being supported pro-bono by the charity ‘Science for All’.
The quest for soul-touching research in the social sciences and humanities
Authors: Vuong Quan-Hoang
Published: September 2019

This short personal statement represents a kind of memory aid regarding the way forward for me to pursue what I call “soul-touching research projects.” With this statement, I also aim to help my research team understand an interesting part of research life.
Peran Pendidikan Digital Citizenship Untuk Pencegahan Perilaku Ujaran Kebencian Siswa di Media Sosial
Authors: Mardianto
Published: September 2019

This article describes literacy analysis on the role of education in providingguidance, prevention of cyberhate by adolescents in social media. Thedevelopment of curriculum oriented on psychological readiness of students toconfront the digital era and globalization in terms of more constructive andproductive thinking, attitude, and behavior, with one of them put into the digitalcitizenship education learning materials at the first middle school.
PRASANGKA DAN UJARAN KEBENCIAN SIBER: PERAN POLA KOMUNIKASI DARING DAN ALGORITMA MEDIA SOSIAL (Ruang Gema dan Gelembung Informasi)
Authors: Mardianto
Published: September 2019

This article discusses the cyberhate on social media that are influenced by prejudice,characteristics of online communication and cyber propaganda. This article uses a literature reviewapproach by looking for references to theories that are relevant to the cases and problems of cyberbehavior, especially speech hate. The results of the analysis of theoretical studies and the results ofthe latest research in scientific journals state that group prejudice and hate speech behavior onsocial media is the results of exposure to information that is both provocative and repetitive orecho chamber effect in each filter bubble that he obtained during surfing in cyberspace. In addition,it is also caused by the limitations of communication patterns on social media which are only onedirection or perspective and are self-interest.
PERAN GURU DI ERA DIGITAL DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN SELF REGULATED LEARNING SISWA GENERASI Z UNTUK PENCAPAIAN HASIL PEMBELAJARAN OPTIMAL
Authors: Mardianto
Published: September 2019

This paper explores the role of teachers in the digital era to improve the self-regulated learning of GenerationZ students for optimal learning outcomes. The method of writing this paper uses library researchapproach by looking for references to theories that are relevant to the cases or problems found. Thean analysis is carried out by describing the concepts and dynamics of the theory relating to the problem, basedon the available literature, especially from articles published in various scientific journals. The results ofseveral studies explain that the presence of digital technology now brings the gap between teachers asdigital immigrants and students as digital natives, so that the development of strategies and skills ofteachers in teaching, guiding and motivating students to be more independent and self-regulated is neededin managing more learning strategies right according to the needs of current students, so that learningoutcomes are obtained optimally
Negative affect, affect-related impulsivity, and receptive syringe sharing among people who inject drugs
Authors: Mackesy-Amiti Mary Ellen , Boodram Basmattee , Donenberg Geri
Published: September 2019

Receptive syringe sharing (RSS) among people who inject drugs (PWID) is a risk factor for hepatitis C virus and HIV infections. PWID with borderline personality disorder (BPD) have increased risk of RSS, but it remains unclear what drives this association. This study used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to study characteristics associated with BPD, and RSS among PWID. We recruited PWID, age 18-35, through two Community Outreach Intervention Projects syringe service program sites in Chicago, Illinois, USA. After a baseline interview, participants used a mobile phone app to respond to momentary surveys on mood, substance use, and injection risk behavior for two weeks. For each momentary assessment, ratings on negative mood descriptors were combined to create measures of total negative affect (NA), and NA components of dejection, shame, anger, irritability, and worry. RSS was defined by participant responses indicating that they had used a syringe that someone else had used. We estimated mixed effects logistic models, regressing RSS on baseline affect-related impulsivity, lagged momentary NA, and the interaction term. Out of 163 participants who completed at least two EMA assessments, 152 (93%) reported at least one injection event and had valid pre-injection mood assessments required to be included in the analysis. We found that affect-related impulsivity, combined with worried mood in the hours preceding the injection episode, predicted increased risk of RSS. PWID having difficulties with emotion regulation may be at increased risk of RSS during periods of anxiety or tension.
Measuring the brain-gut axis in Psychological Sciences: a necessary challenge
Authors: Palacios-Garcia Ismael , Parada Francisco J.
Published: September 2019

Cognitive process and associated states such as wellbeing are embodied, in a process of phylogenetic and ontogenic interdependencies, encompassing an organism’s both internal and external environments. Diurnal mammals’ physiology has been enslaved by the day/night cycle, imposed to planet Earth from the cosmos. Mammals’ physiology is furthermore entangled to the micro-dynamics of small organisms, imposed onto the body through the development of a symbiotic relationship unfolding throughout ontogeny and phylogeny. Therefore, adequate scientific study of human behavior will include as many levels as possible: socio-cultural, psychological, microbiological, etc. The brain-gut-microbiota topic represents a fascinating opportunity to expand our knowledge about cognition, mental health, and life in general. It is important to frame this research topic from multiple perspectives including biological/medical sciences, public policy, architecture, urbanism, and psychology. Furthermore, recent philosophical and epistemological advances, under the 4E-cognition framework, will help the integration of evidence, providing new insights and novel hypotheses.
Transportation infrastructure decline as lived metaphor in the American Rust Belt
Authors: Lequieu Amanda McMillan
Published: September 2019

In this paper, I discuss the rise and fall of transportation as a lived metaphor for people who live in deindustrialized regions of the United States. I ask two questions: 1) how do people who live in regions of consistent economic decline interpret the meanings of absent transportation? And thus, 2) what does transportation maintenance look like in those regions? This line of inquiry emerged unexpectedly from a broader interview project. Between 2015 and 2017, I conducted 90 interviews in two communities at opposite ends of a former, Midwestern steel commodity chain. In both a rural, iron mining community and an urban steel manufacturing neighborhood, transportation infrastructure emerged unbidden and central in interviewees’ descriptions of boom and bust. The late 19th and early 20th century construction of industrial transportation—rail, shipping, and roadways—was recalled by interviewees as facilitating both economic growth and cultural connection required for the social thriving of these communities. The closure of the anchor companies in these communities, then, was the climax in interviewees’ narratives, and the decline (both intentional and natural) of industrial transportation infrastructure appeared again and again as a visible, experienced, and emotional metaphor of the gradual disconnection and loss they experienced. References to declines in industrial transportation often segued to frustrations about the uneven distribution of public transportation (bus and passenger train) or highways. Declines in industrial employment and infrastructures propelled massive depopulation in my case study regions; depopulation, in turn, caused disinvestment in public transportation. This paper expands on the transportation track themes of marginalization of certain segments of the population, with a particular focus on the lived experiences of deindustrialization.