bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence A Byproduct of Natural Intelligence and Their Salient Features
Authors: Aftab Ahmad Malik  , Mujtaba Asad  , Waqar Azeem
Published: March 2022

This paper mainly focuses on the creation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) using natural intelligence but the question to be considered whether the natural intelligence can be created using artificial intelligence or not. The Artificial intelligence is the outcome of functionality and capabilities of human brain called neural Network. In this paper, it is presumed that the artificial intelligence is a byproduct of natural intelligence and then we discuss some relationship between both of these, especially the working of natural intelligence. Some other important questions are raised to understand a deep linkage between natural and artificial intelligence. There exists lot of non-material phenomenon created by dint of natural intelligence (not created by human) causing to produce systems run by artificial intelligence theorems and algorithms working at backend. The software based on Knowledge Based Systems (KBS) derives its power from human wisdom and natural intelligence. There are several limitations on artificial intelligence. In creation of natural intelligence there is a great role of spirituality.Humans are creator of artificial intelligence with limited abilities. Actually AI started with invention of machines. The applications of creation of natural  intelligence are vastly and abundantly known to humans of 21st Century, which are incorporated in the areas of Space Science, Anatomy, and motion ofPlants, spin of electron, Electronics, plant intelligence and Neural Science etc. The working of machines depending upon the artificial intelligence doesn't provide creativity or self-motivated innovations, within the meaning of natural intelligence.
Cloud Based Intelligent Decision Support System for Disaster Management Using Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Areej Fatima  , Sagheer Abbas  , Muhammad Asif
Published: March 2022

Field of cloud computing is an emerging field in computer science. Computational intelligence and Decision support systems (DSS) have to gain concern as a computing solution to planned and unplanned problems of organizations in order to progress decision-making tasks in a better way. In today era, Disaster management is a big problem. To overcome this problem, a real time computation is required. Cloud computing is a tool to offer promising support to decision support system in a real time environment. In this paper, a fuzzy based decision support system is proposed to meet all the requirements using fuzzy logic inference system.
Statistical Power Profiling of Various Network Switches
Authors: Waqas Ahmad  , Awais Salman Qazi
Published: March 2022

In the present century there is an expansion in the use of telecommunication network services, because many organizations and business firms do not compromise on networking services, therefore this efficiency of networking services can be achieved only if there are reliable and proficient networking components. To provide exemplary networking services it is necessary to know what are the parameters for networking components. A standout amongst the most vital parameters is the vitality utilization or energy utilization of networking components. Subsequently, there is a need for power profiling of the network switches. Power usage of different kinds of switches, under various load scenarios are tested and recorded. The tool that we have used in this research paper to measure the powerusage factor of various switches is emonpi.
Urgensi KUHD Dalam Menangani Risiko Kejahatan Siber Pada Transaksi E-Commerce
Authors: Ady Eka Nadia Septiani , Nisrina Faiza Batrisya , Ramadhani Fidyah , Irawan Ferry
Published: March 2022

In this increasingly dynamic era of globalization, the conventional buying and selling system is slowly fading away because it does not accommodate the wishes of consumers who want to conduct transactions efficiently and flexibly using only computers or mobile phones and connected to the internet by opening online shopping sites. Thus, it can be concluded that the existence of e-commerce is the best and efficient solution for the community. However, in the current e-commerce era, many online transactions are at risk, one of which is the leakage of user data. When we surf the world of the internet we are very close to the possibility of data leakage. This study aims to determine the urgency of the general provisions of commercial law in dealing with cybercrime risks in the e-commerce era. The qualitative method with a juridical normative approach is the analytical method used in this study. The results of the study indicate that the General Provisions of Commercial Law require legal codification to adjust the provisions in accordance with the development and needs of the community. Suggestions in this study are that it is necessary to immediately complete the draft of the codification of the KUHD in order to create certainty and protection for consumer personal data.
Di era globalisasi yang kian dinamis kini, sistem jual beli konvensional perlahan memudar karena tidak mengakomodasi keinginan para konsumen yang ingin melakukan transaksi dengan efisien dan fleksibel hanya dengan menggunakan sarana  komputer  atau handphone dan  terhubung jaringan internet dengan membuka situs-situs belanja online. Sehingga, dapat disimpulkan bahwa eksistensi perdagangan elektronik (e-commerce) menjadi solusi terbaik dan efisien bagi masyarakat. Namun, dalam era perdagangan elektronik kini banyak transaksi daring yang beresiko salah satunya adalah kebocoran data pengguna. Saat kita berselancar dengan dunia internet kita sangat dekat dengan adanya kemungkinan kebocoran data. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui urgensi ketentuan umum hukum dagang dalam menangani risiko cybercrime di era e-commerce. Metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan normatif yuridis adalah metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Ketentuan Umum Hukum Dagang memerlukan kodifikasi hukum untuk menyesuaikan ketentuannya sudah sesuai dengan perkembangan dan kebutuhan masyarakat. Saran dalam penelitian ini adalah diperlukan segera penyelesaian rancangan kodifikasi KUHD agar terciptanya kepastian dan perlindungan bagi data pribadi konsumen.
Las prestaciones de prejubilación en el contexto del despido colectivo y sus problemas de aseguramiento.
Authors: García Murcia Joaquín
Published: March 2022

La suscripción por parte de la empresa de un seguro para el abono a los trabajadores de prestaciones de prejubilación implica el desplazamiento de la responsabilidad hacia la entidad aseguradora.
The contracting by the undertaking of an insurance policy for the payment of pre-retirement benefits to workers implies a shift of responsibility towards the insurance company.
El derecho de los representantes legales de los trabajadores a ser informados sobre el Plan Anual de Formación en empresas de contact center: significado y alcance.
Authors: Areta Martinez María
Published: March 2022

Con carácter general, las empresas de contact center deben incluir en el Plan Anual de Formación todas las acciones formativas, tanto las bonificables como las no bonificables. No obstante, queda justificado que el Plan Anual de Formación no incluya determinadas acciones formativas dada su naturaleza y por no poder preverse con antelación. La empresa debe informar (y solicitar informe) a los representantes legales de los trabajadores (RLT) sobre el Plan Anual de Formación antes de su implantación.
In general, contact center companies must include in the Annual Training Plan all training actions, both those that can be discounted and those that cannot be discounted. However, it is justified that the Annual Training Plan does not include certain training actions given their nature and because they cannot be foreseen in advance. The company must inform (and request a report) from the legal representatives of the workers (RLT) about the Annual Training Plan before its implementation.
La nulidad del pacto de no competencia ¿no lleva consigo la devolución de las cantidades percibidas por el trabajador?
Authors: Nogueira Guastavino Magdalena
Published: March 2022

Una cantidad mensual que representa menos del 2% del salario del mes no constituye una compensación económica adecuada para un pacto de no competencia. La nulidad del pacto no lleva consigo la devolución de las cantidades percibidas mensualmente al no haberse pactado expresamente.
A monthly amount representing less than 2% of the monthly salary does not constitute adequate financial compensation for a non-competition agreement. The nullity of the agreement does not entail the return of the amounts received monthly as it was not expressly agreed.
GREEN MARKETING IN INDIAN PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET: A REVIEW
Authors: Goyal Shruti , . Priti , Bhateja Jatin , Ahuja Rakhi
Published: March 2022

According to American Marketing Association- “Green marketing is the marketing of the products that are presumed to be environmentally safe”. Green marketing has arisen as an answer to the growing concern of the environmental state which has a huge influence on the society’s well-being. Green marketing is a holistic management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying the requirements of customers and society, in a profitable and sustainable way. Sustainable business practices are important not only for today but also for securing business tomorrow. This paper propounds a literature evaluation on pharmaceutical green marketing consisting of the definition of green marketing, implementations of it at various stages, green marketing adoption by organizations and pharmaceutical groups based on advertising techniques, and consumer’s viewpoint towards green marketing and pharma market in India. Data collected over ten-year period results in objective which measures the impact of green marketing aspects consisting of green marketing strategies, green consumers, green communication, green segmentation and targeting, green supply chain and its management, green promoting approaches on the overall performance of pharmaceutical groups in India. Consumer's viewpoint in the direction of green products attracted the pharmaceuticals firm most. Though numerous researches have been carried out on green marketing, there is a dearth of papers that takes pharmaceutical green marketing into account and this paper focuses on the essential aspects of green pharmaceutical marketing.
A BRIEF REVIEW ON PHYTOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF CORCHORUS DEPRESSUS (LINN.)
Authors: Patel Milind Kashinath , Dhake Swapnil Ghanshyam , Rajput Tejendra Amrut
Published: March 2022

In the current study, we are emphasizing our investigation on one of the commonly available plant in India i.e., Corchorus depressus (Linn) which belongs to Tiliaceae family. It plays an important role in the treatment of various diseases. Our study is focused on the biologically active ingredients and therapeutic activities of Corchorus depressus (Linn) extract. It aims to highlight the latest research on the different extracts of this plant. Many significant natural products like glycosides, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, etc. were isolated by different researchers. These natural products were prone for various therapeutic activities, such as antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, analgesics, wound healing and hepato protective actions, analgesic, diuretic, antifungal, antibacterial, antimalarial, cardiotonic activity, antipyretic and enzyme inhibition. All the information was gathered from global databases such as Elsevier, PubMed, Researchgate, and Web of Science. By considering the pharmacological profile of Corchorus depressus (Linn), this plant might be utilized in various herbal formulations which can be reported in the future. The purpose of the present review is to provide an overview of the extremely diverse phytochemicals present in Corchorus depressus.
MICELLIZATION BEHAVIOUR OF CONVENTIONAL (SDS AND DTAB) AND SYNTHESIZED GEMINI SURFACTANT (12-2-12) IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE AT VARYING TEMPERATURES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Kumari Meenakshi , Sharma Punita , Rana D. S. , Singh Kuldeep
Published: March 2022

The micellar properties of two common surfactants, namely sodiumdodecyl sulphate (SDS) which is of anionic character and dodecyltriamonium bromide (DTAB) of cationic type alongwith 12-2-12 gemini surfactant which was produced in aqueous solutions of 0.001, 0.005 and 0.01 mol∙kg-1 aqueous solutions of metformin hydrochloride (Mfm-HCl) (antidiabetic drug) at 25, 35 and 45 degree Celsius has been analyzed through conductometry. The obtained conductivity data has been used to determine one of the most important characteristic of surfactants known critical micelle concentration (CMC); the concentration above which micelles are formed. The variation in CMC with content of metformin hydrochloride has been compensated in terms of hydrophobic interactions. The drug has been found to diminish the CMC of both types of surfactants (conventional and synthesized). In terms of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic interactions existing in the system, the effect of temperature on the micellization behaviour of these discussed surfactants has also been studied. Moreover, energetics of micellization has also been discussed by using phsedo-phase separation model for all the studied systems in terms of thermodynamic parameters viz. standard enthalpy, free energy, and entropy, of micellization and viewed in terms of different interactions that may exist in the system. The influence on the micro polarity of micellar environment has been discussed by pyrene probe fluorescence technique and used to determine CMC which has been discovered to have a strong resemblance to conductivity studies.
MICROWAVE ASSISTED SYNTHESIS AND MICROBIAL EVALUATION OF -2H-PYRROLO [2, 3-C: 5, 4 C'] DIPYRAZOLE-2, 5 (7H)-BIS-CARBOTHIOAMIDE DERIVATIVES
Authors: Patole Sandip S. , Rajput Shankarsing S.
Published: March 2022

In this study the synthesis of novel carbothiomides derivatives containing pyrazole moiety have been carried out by use of microwave assisted green and efficient process. The starting compound N-phenyl substituted succinamides 5a-b were condensed with substituted benzaldehydes furnished in to bis-heterocyclic chalcones which on treatment with thiosemicarbazide hydrochloride leads to formation of pyrralo dipyrazole carbothiomide derivatives. The structures of all synthesized compounds were determined by FT IR, 1H NMR, 13CNMR spectral analysis techniques. The pyrazole carbothiomide derivatives were selected for evaluation of antimicrobial activities. The in vitro antibacterial screening was carried out against Gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus auras, Bacillus subtilis and Gram negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli. The antibacterial activity was measured in term of zone of inhibition in mm unit and compared with standard antibiotic drug Chloramphenicol. Similarly antifungal evaluation was also evaluated in vitro against fungi Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. The zone of inhibition was measured in mm and compared with standard antifungal drug Amphotericin-B. The all carbothiomide derivatives showed good anti-bacterial activities against gram positive bacteria and good anti-fungal activities. The compounds 9ai and 9aiv showed potent antifungal activity against Candida albicans than standard drug amphotericin-B at 100 μgm/mL concentration.
A STUDY ON CHARACTERIZATION OF PECTINASE ASSISTED AQUEOUS EXTRACTION OF RICE BRAN OIL
Authors: Selvaraju Gayathri Devi , S. Dhanniya , S. Kowsika , K. Divyadharshini , T. Harish , D. Rachael Jayamani
Published: March 2022

The Rice bran oil is known as wonder oil because of its numerous health benefits. It has a number of advantages over other edible oils because of the presence of antioxidant known as oryzanol. The rice bran contains 10-26% oil depending on the factors like variety, milling process, and other conditions. Various solvents are currently used for rice bran oil extraction process at industrial sectors. These solvents are carcinogenic and also cause adverse effects to the environment. The enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction process has been regarded as an eco-friendly process. Pectinase enzyme is used to break down complex carbohydrates like pectin present in rice bran and allows easy oil extraction in aqueous solution. The present study aims to perform the aqueous extraction of rice bran oil using crude pectinase enzyme extracted from the pectinase producing bacteria Bacillus paramycoides and to study the oil characteristics. Out of the various solvents used in the study, hexane yielded highest percentage of oil. The oil yield was found to be 49.8% in 6 h. The total activity of enzyme was found to be 11 U/mL/min. 500 Units of enzyme was taken for rice bran oil extraction. The Average yield of oil was found to be 80.5% in 3 h and 76.9% in 6 h. The acid value, saponification value, iodine value and oryzanol content of the oil was found to be11.22, 84.15, 5.0 and 0.05 percentage respectively. The percentage of radical scavenging activity of the extracted rice bran oil was found to be 49.51%. The fatty acids present in the oil sample were analyzed by GC MS analysis.
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF ANTIDIABETIC POTENTIAL OF POLYHERBAL FORMULATION IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED ANIMAL MODEL
Authors: Parkhe Geeta , Bharti Deepak
Published: March 2022

Vitex trifolia L, Vitex parviflora and Terminalia chebula are well-known plants available throughout India and are commonly used for the treatment of various diseases including diabetes mellitus. The antidiabetic activity of the individual plant parts is well known, but the synergistic or combined effects are unclear. The concept of polyherbalism has been highlighted in Sharangdhar Samhita, an Ayurvedic literature dating back to 1300 AD. Polyherbal formulations enhance the therapeutic action and reduce the concentrations of single herbs, thereby reducing adverse events. The aim of the present study is to formulate a polyherbal formulation and evaluate its antidiabetic potential in animals. The polyherbal formulation was formulated using the hydroalcoholic extracts of the leaves of V. trifolia, L. parviflora and T. chebula in the ratio of 1:1:1. The quality of the finished product was evaluated as per the World Health Organization's guidelines for the quality control of herbal materials. The quality testing parameters of the polyherbal formulation were within the limits. The acute toxicity studies of the polyherbal formulation did not show any toxic symptoms in doses up to 2000 mg/kg over 14 days. The oral antidiabetic activity of the all extract and PHF (100 and 200mg/kg) was screened against streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes in rats and glibenclamide was used (500 mcg/kg body weight) as standard drug. The investigational drug was administered for 21 consecutive days, and the effect of the extract and polyherbal formulation on blood glucose levels was studied at regular intervals. At the end of the study, the blood samples were collected from all the animals for biochemical estimation. Polyherbal formulation showed significant antidiabetic activity at 100 and 200mg/kg, respectively and this effect was comparable with that of glibenclamide. The antidiabetic activity of polyherbal formulation is supported by biochemical analysis. The formulation has emerged as potential combination which can challenge the synthetic drug.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PARTICLES CHARACTERISTICS, TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY AND MORPHOLOGY OF PEG/POLY (NIPAM-CO-AMPS) MICROGELS
Authors: Saikia Ajoy Kumar , Mandal Uttam Kumar
Published: March 2022

The temperature sensitive copolymer of microsize hydrogels consist of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and 2- acrylamido-2 methylpropanesulphonic acid (AMPS) have been synthesized by soap free emulsion polymerization method in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as macro initiator and N, N´-methylenebisacrylamide (NMBA) as crosslinker. In this work, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) technique were used for structural analysis of microgels. It was found that particle size observed by TEM and AFM were spherical with a diameter around 103.0 nm to 133.1 nm and 121.1 nm to 189.0 nm. While DLS measurement shows narrow particle size distribution with hydrodynamic diameter from 343.6nm to 528 nm at a temperature 25°C and 132.5nm to 414.4nm at temperature 50°C depending on the AMPS content in Microgels samples. The surface roughnesses of particles were observed to be increasing with increased AMPS content. Moreover, decrease in hydrodynamic diameter from 25°C to 50°C revealed the temperature sensitivityproperty of microgels.
ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL AND CHROMATOGRAPHIC PROFILING OF COUROUPITA GUIANENSIS FRUIT PULP
Authors: Venkatraman Anuradha , Sheba Lawrence Anna
Published: March 2022

Cannonball (Couroupita guianensis) fruits are large sized with disagreeable odor. However, it is widely used traditionally for cold, wound, headache, stomach ache, antibacterial, antifungal and medicinal drink. The present investigation was focused to determine the total phenol and flavonoids as well as the antioxidant properties of fruit pulp of Couroupita guianensis extracted with four different solvents. Additionally, chemical constituents of fruit pulp were also evaluated. Successful extraction was carried out with different solvents such as petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol and aqueous alcohol using Soxhlet apparatus. The different extracts were assessed for quantitative total phenol and total flavonoid contents, and their antioxidant activity were determined by DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) assay. The extract presenting higher total phenol and flavonoid was subjected to Gas chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to explore the chemical constituents. Ethanol extract presented higher total phenol and total flavonoid and was found to be 206.98±0.40 mg GAE/g and 83.18±0.42 mg QE/g respectively. Similarly, % inhibition of DPPH was higher in the ethanol extract exhibiting IC50 value of 52.59. GC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of about 30 different chemical components. Among the different components, 2,5-Furandione, 3 methyl and hydroxymethylfurfural were found to be the major components in the ethanol extract. The present investigation confirmed that the ethanol extract had showed higher total phenol and flavonoid which can be correlated to its highest % inhibition than other extracts. Hence, considering the obtained result, the ethanol extract can be explored for pharmacological activities.
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF SOME NOVELTHIAZOL DERIVATIVES OF N-((2-CHLOROPHENYL)DIPHENYLMETHYL)-4-PHENYLTHIAZOL-2-AMINE
Authors: Limbasiya Krishna K. , Babariya Jayesh , Jilariya Krushnakumar J. , Modhavadiya V. A.
Published: March 2022

In present work we synthesized novel series of thiazole derivatives of N-((2-chlorophenyl)diphenylmethyl)-4- phenylthiazol-2-amine in the presence of dichloromethane and triethylamine in good yield. The different studies indicate that newly synthesized compounds possess moderate to good biological activities. The title compounds have been synthesized with several structural variations. Biological evaluation of all the synthesized compounds has been carried out in vitro for their antibacterial and antifungal efficacy against various bacterial and fungal strains. The structure of synthesized compounds were characterized by their spectral (IR, 1H NMR and Mass) data.
SCREENING OF LACCASE PRODUCER FROM SOIL AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Authors: Palaskar Rutuja S. , Kate Savita A. , Khandagale Mayuri S. , Namekar Swapnil B. , Aher Satyajeet B. , Nale Abhijit R. , Tandale Anjali J.
Published: March 2022

In present work, twenty-eight bacteria and thirty fungi were isolated from soil on Luria Bertani (LB) Agar at 37ºCin 2-3 days, Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) at 28±2ºCafter 3days of incubation respectively. From bacterial isolates, three bacteria and three fungi showed intense development of brown color using 1%Tannic acid as a substrate in 3-4 days at 37ºCwhich indicates they were laccase producers and are identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Erwinia chrysantemi, Klebshiella oxytoca, Cladosporium spp. and two Aspergillius spp,. Crude laccase of Klebshiella oxytoca was extracted by centrifugation then partially purified using 40% 8 70% ammonium sulphate precipitation. Partially purified laccase expressed highest activity 980U/ml at pH 7.5 8 30ºCafter 30min of incubation using 1% tannic acid. Immobilization of partially purified laccase was done by entrapment method using sodium alginate. Partially purified and immobilized laccase showed 97% of crystal violet 8 94% neutral red dye degradation in 3 days of incubation as well as meat tenderization. It has antibacterial activity against S. aureus, S.typhi, and Agrobacterium tumifaciens and showed zone of inhibition ranging from 17mm-20mm. Immobilized laccase also synthesized silver nanoparticle at 75ºCin 3-4 hrs. Laccase from Klebshiella oxytoca in our work have wide applications and can be used in bioremediation.
NegP Located Above TP: Evidence from Standard Arabic (SA) and Saudi Northern Region Dialect of Arabic (SNRDA)
Authors: Al-humari Mustafa Ahmed
Published: March 2022

The paper examines the properties of sentential negation in Standard Arabic (henceforth SA) and Saudi Northern Region Dialect of Arabic (henceforth SNRDA), focusing on similarities and differences in use and distribution (Note 1). In this paper, I propose that that the sentential negation facts of standard and dialectal versions of Arabic receive a unified account despite their apparent differences. I provide some empirical and conceptual evidence of the workability for the Neg-Above-T analysis over the Neg-Below-T analysis. NegP cannot remain lower than TP in Standard Arabic as the language employs V-to-T raising to drive the VSO from SVO word order. NegP in SNRDA should be higher than TP as it precedes non-verbal predicates (nominals, adjectivals, prepositionals, and adverbials) and some TP/CP located elements (expletive/ (indefinite) pronominal subjects and the future tense expressing element raaħ, and adverbials hosting pronoun subject clitics like ʕumri/uh.
VISCERAL ADIPOSITY INDEX: A SIMPLE TOOL FOR ASSESSING RISK OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Zar Adnan , Ali Sobia Sabir
Published: March 2022

Background: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased recently in Pakistan. Visceral adiposity index (VAI) appears to be a better predictor for metabolic syndrome associated with insulin resistance. VAI has been shown to be linearly and positively associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) in many populations. It is, however, uncertain whether VAI could be associated with T2DM in the Pakistani adult population. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 300 outpatients with a newly diagnosed T2DM. Subjects were recruited from Lady Reading Hospital, Pakistan, during the period from April, 2020 to January, 2021. For all study subjects, anthropometric measurements were performed. Blood samples were collected for the assessment of high-density lipoproteins (HDL-C), triglycerides (TGs), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and random blood glucose. Results: Participants with high VAI showed poor glycemic control. The number of patients with poor glycemic control increased across the VAI quartiles. VAI showed significant correlations with TGs (r=0.715, p=<0.001), total cholesterol (TC) (r=0.256, p=<0.001), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) (r=0.154, p=0.007), uric acid (r=0.205, p=0.019), duration of diabetes (r=0.171, p=0.033), TSH (r=0.163, p=0.007), and random blood glucose (r=0.195, p=0.019). Conclusion: Our data suggest that VAI is significantly and positively correlated with the risk factors of DM such as random blood glucose, uric acid and TSH. The findings of the study do not imply a significant direct association between VAI and DM among the Pakistani adult population. Prospective-large scale studies can help inform an effectiveness of VAI for the prediction of the risk of T2DM among Pakistani population.
Dezvoltare regionala si locala. Indrumar de lucrari practice
Authors: Florea-Saghin Irina , Sîrodoev Igor , Secăreanu George
Published: March 2022

Dezvoltarea regionala si locala reprezinta un subiect extrem de actual, ce necesita o abordare interdisciplinara din care geografii nu ar trebui sa lipseasca. Dezvoltare regionala si locala. Indrumar de lucrari practice vine in sprijinul studentilor geografi, cat si a altor studenti interesati de acest subiect, incercand sa ofere o perspectiva cat mai vasta asupra metodelor de analiza utilizate de catre geografi. Fiecare capitol contine o scurta sinteza, o metodologie de lucru, dar si exercitii destinate orelor de lucrari practice, astfel incat dupa parcurgerea tuturor unitatilor de invatare, studentii sa poata sa inteleaga mai bine instrumentele si elementele specifice si, de ce nu, sa fie interesati sa continue cercetarea in acest domeniu.
Topofilia e Topofobia em O Sertanejo: uma análise ecocrítica do regionalismo alencarino
Authors: Sarmento Elisângela Campos Damasceno , Moura Geraldo Jorge Barbosa de
Published: March 2022

Esta pesquisa propõe investigar, sob o método da Análise do Discurso de Linha Francesa e da perspectiva Ecocrítica - que estuda as imbricações entre a Literatura e a Ecologia -, as relações homem-ambiente e as representações do sertanejo e do sertão que o escritor José de Alencar delineia na obra O Sertanejo, dialogando com o sentimento humano que é despertado na interlocução com o lugar, com o ambiente e com o território, tendo em vista os conceitos de topofobia (aversão ao ambiente físico) e topofilia  (familiaridade ou apego), propostos, em 1980, pelo geógrafo chinês Yi-Fu Tuan. Os discursos presentes na narrativa demonstram a predominância do sentimento de apego à Caatinga (topofilia), desmistificando, pois, a visão hegemônica topofóbica. Portanto, a Ecocrítica suscita imersões inter e transdisciplinares, representando, assim, um substrato à compreensão das relações homem-ambiente.
Cidadania dos Currículos Oficiais da Geografia Escolar em Minas Gerais Pós Ditadura Militar
Authors: Carvalho Naiemer Ribeiro de
Published: March 2022

Este artigo propõe investigar no currículo oficial nacional, os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais – PCN (1998 e 1999), e nos currículos estaduais de Minas Gerais (1987 e 2007), a presença ou não do tema “cidadania” na disciplina de Geografia e as noções de cidadania veiculadas pelos mesmos. Dentro desta perspectiva, também observaremos nos currículos se as temáticas e conteúdos relacionados ao período da Ditadura Militar (1964-1985) aparecem e de que forma.  Partimos da noção de inscrição (PEREIRA, 2015) para a analisar os currículos sob essa perspectiva e buscamos compreender o papel da presença/ausência desse tema na disciplina e a construção de uma cidadania democrática. Optamos pela leitura dos currículos e análise da ocorrência das palavras “cidadania”, “ditadura militar”, “identidade” à luz dos referenciais teóricos e históricos utilizados. Pudemos perceber as mudanças das concepções de cidadania e identidade e uma inscrição frágil da ditadura militar.
Entre a vulnerabilidade e o risco: ações desenvolvidas em Alfenas-MG no enfrentamento da COVID-19
Authors: Amaral Danilo Lenine Ferreira do , Bellini André Luiz da Silva , Veríssimo Antônio Augusto Garcia , Pisani Rodrigo José
Published: March 2022

É fato que de diferentes formas a população mundial foi afetada pela pandemia de Covid 19 seja ela do ponto de vista econômico, principalmente a perda de renda, da saúde física e mental e do aumento repentino do número de óbitos que vitimaram pessoas responsáveis pelo sustento de seus lares. Com isso muitas famílias necessitaram de auxílio que veio de forma tardia pelo governo federal e com valor insuficiente para o suprimento de necessidades básicas. Surgiram então iniciativas do ponto de vista local como alternativas para socorrer a população como auxílios de ONGs, prefeituras, universidades e sociedade civil. Nesse sentido, vamos destacar aqui algumas ações da Secretaria de Ação Social e da Criança (SASC) do município de Alfenas-MG e também do ponto de vista de pesquisa científica do mapeamento feito por acadêmicos da UNIFAL-MG no sentido de identificar essa população (no caso acima de 60 anos e que recebe o Benefício de Prestação Continuada BPC e o Bolsa Família) em parceria com a SASC de Alfenas-MG que serviram de base para ações de aprimoramento do combate da pandemia pela Secretaria da Saúde e para agentes da Saúde da Família. Os resultados apontaram valiosas ações que foram decisivas no combate à pandemia numa ação coordenada desde cadastramento de famílias, a logística e a distribuição de cestas básicas até a espacialização da população vulnerável com os mapeamentos que foram realizados. Conclui-se que não basta apenas que sejam feitas ações isoladas no enfrentamento do problema com a emergência e socorro da população que está passando mais necessidade, mas, sobretudo ações coordenadas entre os entes governamentais e academia estimulando desse modo outras ações por parte da sociedade.
Reflexões e relatos sobre as intervenções nas universidades brasileiras:
Authors: Fernandes Roberto Mauro da Silva , Biasotto Etienne , Silva Danilo de Abreu e , Teodoro Alexandre Elias de Miranda
Published: March 2022

A Lei 9.192/1995 especifica que o reitor das universidades públicas será nomeado pelo presidente da República a partir de listas tríplices organizadas pelas instituições e antecedidas de consulta à comunidade acadêmica. Diante disso, desde a redemocratização do Brasil o presidente passou a nomear o primeiro nome da lista em respeito à autonomia universitária garantida pela Constituição Federal de 1988. No entanto, o governo Bolsonaro vem desconsiderando a consulta prévia e nomeando ao cargo de reitor candidatos que não foram aprovados pela comunidade acadêmica (que ficaram na 2ª e 3ª posição nos pleitos), bem como nomeou professores que nem sequer estavam na lista. Ademais, uma outra forma de intervenção se configura. O Ministério da Educação apresentou o Programa Future-se com fins de possibilitar às Universidades Federais e Institutos Federais firmar contratos de captação de recursos com o setor privado. No entanto, apesar da adesão ser voluntária, o programa apresentado pelo governo aponta para a consolidação da mercantilização da educação e futuras interferências de grandes corporações capitalistas na universidade pública. Dessa forma, a nossa intenção é debater a intervenção do governo Bolsonaro frente às universidades públicas brasileiras por meio de interferências diretas nas eleições da comunidade acadêmica e ingerências “brandas” na forma de programas educacionais que visam atender os interesses de setores privados. Os casos escolhidos para ilustrar tais ações são o Programa Future-se e a intervenção na Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD). Para tal, realizamos pesquisa bibliográfico e documental e acessamos o ciberespaço.
Variação Temporal da suscetibilidade erosiva no município de Boa Esperança, Sul de Minas Gerais
Authors: Bolleli Talyson de Melo , Santana Derielsen Brandão , Mauad Frederico Fabio , Andrade Matheus Lima de , Andrade Allan Carlos de
Published: March 2022

Atualmente a erosão hídrica é um dos principais problemas que atinge os solos e é influenciada por diversos parâmetros, dentre os quais o uso e ocupação da terra, o relevo e as classes de solo. A determinação de ações efetivas para conservação do solo depende da habilidade dos pesquisadores em analisar, de forma integrada, os principais fatores relacionados à erosão do solo, de modo a identificar as áreas críticas e auxiliar a tomada de decisão. Muitos estudos sobre erosão são feitos utilizando a combinação dessas variáveis através de técnicas de Geoprocessamento e Sensoriamento Remoto. Nesse estudo a análise multicritérios foi utilizada para identificar a suscetibilidade à erosão hídrica no Município de Boa Esperança, situado no Sul do estado de Minas Gerais, buscando entender como as mudanças de uso do solo têm afetado a suscetibilidade da região. Para isso, procedeu a combinação dos parâmetros de uso e ocupação da terra, relevo, e, classes de solo durante os anos de 1990, 2000, 2010 e 2018. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstraram que a área de estudo apresenta suscetibilidade média a erosão hídrica na maior parte do território e que o ano de 2018 apresentou os maiores índices de suscetibilidade erosiva. Diante das análises desenvolvidas e resultados obtidos, fica evidenciada a contribuição da análise multicritérios para esse tipo de estudo e a serventia do mapa de suscetibilidade à erosão hídrica para o planejamento sustentável agrícola e ambiental.
Mapeamento geoambiental e planejamento territorial do município de Divisa Nova (MG) através da concepção geossistemica
Authors: Forte Thiago Silva , Marques Neto Roberto
Published: March 2022

O presente artigo tem por objetivo aplicar a concepção geossistemica para o município de Divisa Nova (MG) a partir dos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos concernentes à matriz epistemológica russo-soviética. As variáveis ambientais (relevo, geologia, solos, uso da terra e cobertura vegetal) foram levantadas e mapeadas separadamente para posterior composição das unidades geossistêmicas, executada na escala de 1/50.000 e agregada em grupos de fácies. Os resultados revelaram geossistemas transformados definidores de paisagens de estrutura heterogênea, estabelecidas por mosaicos que coadunam usos dominantemente agropecuários em sistemas geomorfológicos dominantemente convexos, tipificados em morros e colinas, além das morfologias acumulativas em planícies fluviais e flúvio-lacustres. A concepção dos geossistemas se mostrou como abordagem metodológica bastante adequada para estudos integrados da paisagem pautados no enfoque estrutural, fornecendo importantes bases referentes às organizações espaciais locais de interesse para o planejamento do uso da terra.
(Re)estruturação das cidades médias do Sul de Minas Gerais: uma análise morfofuncional comparativa de Alfenas e Poços de Caldas
Authors: Branquinho Evânio dos Santos , Silva Eduardo de Araujo da
Published: March 2022

O presente estudo tem como proposta principal realizar uma análise morfofuncional comparativa entre as cidades médias de Alfenas e Poços de Caldas, ambas localizadas na mesorregião Sul/Sudoeste de Minas Gerais. Nesse sentido, para tal análise, consideramos a situação dessas cidades na rede urbana no sul de Minas Gerais e a relação com os espaços intra-urbanos dessas cidades, tendo como contextos os processos de acumulação flexível, de reestruturação produtiva e da rede urbana no país, apontando para padrões espaciais mais complexos nas escalas regionais e locais. De modo geral, essas cidades médias apresentaram nas últimas décadas índices elevados de crescimento em função da desconcentração de atividades econômicas e população de grandes centros, advindo daí os problemas desse crescimento. Metodologicamente se colocam as dificuldades de comparar cidades, cada qual com suas especificidades geográficas e históricas, sem cair em generalizações e formalismos. A proposição foi, a partir da morfologia urbana, buscar as articulações entre as escalas regional e intraurbana, as relações regionais entre Poços de Caldas e Alfenas, visto que a primeira polariza a segunda, e estão em estágios diferenciados de evolução e estruturação urbana, conforme pode-se notar nos processos de dispersão e de fragmentação da mancha urbana e, portanto, os processos de produção do espaço, a dinâmica dos agentes e classes sociais, e da segregação socioespacial.
Análise do Meio Físico como Subsídio à Definição de Diretrizes em Planos Diretores Municipais no Sul de Minas Gerais
Authors: Santos Clibson Alves dos , Adorno Caio Faria da Cunha Barbosa , Araujo Raphaela A. de Oliveira
Published: March 2022

O ordenamento territorial e as transformações paisagísticas ilustram um processo em que a sociedade mantém uma relação de apropriação particular com a natureza. Emerge desta situação a necessidade de se desenvolver diretrizes capazes de subsidiar o crescimento urbano no contexto ambiental. Com bases geossistêmicas, o presente trabalho buscou destacar as características inerentes ao conhecimento do meio físico dos municípios de Cachoeira de Minas, Pouso Alegre e Santa Rita do Sapucaí como alicerce à definição de diretrizes em planos diretores municipais no contexto do Sul de Minas Gerais. A análise das características morfodinâmicas associadas a enchentes e riscos geológicos nos municípios escolhidos exemplificam o padrão de crescimento urbano comumente encontrado no Sul de Minas Gerais, com expansão em fundos de vale e encostas. Foram elaborados documentos cartográficos com bases na ecodinâmica de Jean Tricart (1977) para estabelecer classes de ocupação da paisagem e ilustrar como as diretrizes urbanas devem auxiliar os planos diretores.
Automatic counting of cattle with Faster R-CNN on UAV images
Authors: Porto João Vitor de Andrade , Rezende Fábio Prestes Cesar , Astolfi Gilberto , Weber Vanessa Aparecida de Moraes , Pache Marcio Carneiro Brito , Pistori Hemerson
Published: March 2022

It is remarkable the growth of the bovine herd in the last four decades however, the availability of areas for pasture did not follow the same trend and thus caused direct interference in the binomial quality and price of the final product. One of the ways to get around this interference is by the use of technologies to help minimize the handling costs, from the breeding in a controlled environment with the need of trained manpower in the confinement process. Thus, as opposed to the current format done manually and in restricted space, computer vision technology can mitigate the identification and counting of cattle problems using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Attending to the objective outlined in this article demonstrates the use of the Faster R-CNN for counting cattle in feedlots employing aerial images, obtaining an average precision of 89.7% for the set of hyperparameters that differed most positively from the others in this experiment.
Automatic Yeast Detection and Counting Using Computer Vision Techniques
Authors: Gomide João Victor Boechat , Cunha Elton Vieira , Gomide Guilherme Boechat
Published: March 2022

This paper presents the development of a computer vision system that automatically identifies and counts viable and inviable brewer's yeast, to improve the time and accuracy of results obtained compared to the manual expert counting method commonly performed in the brewing industry. The equipment used consists of a digital video camera coupled to an optical microscope, which transmits the captured images, in real time, to the computer. Two approaches were tested and implemented, one taking into account the morphology and color of yeasts, and the other using machine learning. Although there are programs that automatically count yeasts, this is the first application that makes use of convolutional neural network techniques with Yolo to identify yeasts, making the results more accurate and reliable compared to manual methods. Experiments were carried out to measure the performance and accuracy of the prototype, which are presented in this article.
Periocular authentication in smartphones applying uLBP descriptor on CNN Feature Maps
Authors: Barcellos William , Gonzaga Adilson
Published: March 2022

The outputs of CNN layers, called Activations, are composed of Feature Maps, which show textural information that can be extracted by a texture descriptor. Standard CNN feature extraction use Activations as feature vectors for object recognition. The goal of this work is to evaluate a new methodology of CNN feature extraction. In this paper, instead of using the Activations as a feature vector, we use a CNN as a feature extractor, and then we apply a texture descriptor directly on the Feature Maps. Thus, we use the extracted features obtained by the texture descriptor as a feature vector for authentication. To evaluate our proposed method, we use the AlexNet CNN previously trained on the ImageNet database as a feature extractor; then we apply the uniform LBP (uLBP) descriptor on the Feature Maps for texture extraction. We tested our proposed method on the VISOB dataset composed of periocular images taken from 3 different smartphones under 3 different lighting conditions. Our results show that the use of a texture descriptor on CNN Feature Maps achieves better performance than computer vision handcrafted methods or even by standard CNN feature extraction.
Few Data Diversification in Training Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Buzutti Lucas Fontes , Thomaz Carlos Eduardo
Published: March 2022

The first GANs have initially produced sharp images in relatively small resolution and with limited variations, and unstable training. Later works proposed new GAN models capable of generating sharp images in high resolution and with a high level of variation. However, these models use unlimited and highly diversified image sets. We discuss here the use of these models with real-world image sets, since they are composed of limited sample size sets.
A Systematic Mapping on Detection of Human Mouth Landmarks
Authors: Rissato Pedro Henrique D’Almeida G. , Bulcão-Neto Renato de Freitas , Macedo Alessandra Alaniz
Published: March 2022

Facial landmarks represent regions of interest whose detection and localization generate features supporting the identification of movements, feelings, and reactions. Most facial feature detection algorithms focus on entire semantic areas, such as the region of a mouth which allows grained manipulation that is essential for a wide domain variety. This paper describes a systematic mapping of the detection of landmarks in human faces and their application domains. The identification and selection methods of primary studies include automatic search on information sources, inclusion, and exclusion criteria over 344 scientific papers from 2015 and 2021, from which we analyzed and synthesized 115 primary studies. Our analysis considered the implementation of methods, types, and uses of data extracted from the mouth. The mapping brought exciting information as new methods, datasets, and domains researched through the time interval reviewed as well research gaps that can be explored.
Grocery Product Recognition to Aid Visually Impaired People
Authors: Machado André de Lima , Aires Kelson , Veras Rodrigo , Britto Neto Laurindo
Published: March 2022

This paper proposes a new approach in object recognition to assist visually impaired people. This approach achieved accuracy rates higher than the approaches proposed by the authors of the selected datasets. We applied Data Augmentation with other techniques and adjustments to different Pre-trained CNNs (Convolutional Neural Networks). The ResNet-50 based approach achieved the best results in the most recent datasets. This work focused on products that are usually found on grocery store shelves, supermarkets, refrigerators or pantries.