bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review of Chemical Properties and Ethnomedicinal uses of Acanthosicyos horridus Welw. ex Hook. f.: An Indigenous Melon Species of South-West Coast of Africa
Authors: Alfred Maroyi
Published: October 2021

Acanthosicyos horridus Welw. ex Hook. f. is a perennial shrub collected from the wild for its edible fruits and is also used as a traditional medicine. This study is aimed at evaluating the chemical properties and ethnomedicinal uses of A. horridus. Results of the current study are based on data derived from several online databases such as Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed and Science Direct, and pre-electronic sources such as scientific publications, books, dissertations, book chapters and journal articles. This study revealed that the fruit and root infusions and/or decoctions of A. horridus are used as traditional medicine for arteriosclerosis, chest pains, gastro-intestinal disorders, kidney problems, nausea and sexually transmitted infections. Phytochemical compounds identified from the species include cucurbitacins, fatty acids and sterols. Some of the compounds identified from the species have applications in food industry and health promoting products.
Direitos da criança e a educação
Authors: BIASOLI Karina Alves , SOUSA Clarilza Prado de
Published: October 2021

O presente texto tem por objetivo ampliar a compreensão sobre os desafios que ainda se mostram presentes em relação à efetivação dos direitos das crianças brasileiras, no período em que o mundo vivencia uma situação de profundas transformações decorrentes da pandemia do covid-19. Considerando o ano em que o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente completa trinta anos de existência, recorremos à análise dos diferentes textos legais que culminaram no atual conjunto normativo de proteção integral à infância e dos desafios impostos à efetivação do direito à educação, neste período em que o ensino presencial foi substituído pelo ensino remoto.
Educação intercultural e direitos humanos em tempo de pandemia: um diálogo fundamental
Authors: GRANDO Beleni Saléte , MARÍN José
Published: October 2021

Ao definirmos este tema para o debate da educação durante a realização SEMIEDU 2020 – Educação Intercultural e Direitos Humanos em Tempo de Pandemia, buscamos articular diferentes contextos e perspectivas para a compreensão do atual momento vivido diante do desafio em manter a vida e superar um desconhecido e mortífero Coronavírus ou, simplesmente, o COVID-19. Contudo, buscamos também refletir e aprofundar princípios étnicos e políticos que se impõem aos educadores e aos demais setores sociais para mudar a realidade, desnudando o pensamento mítico e criando outras referências para o imaginário social a fim de romper o autoritarismo antidemocrático que tem ceifado a vida dos mais fragilizados na história da colonialidade latino-americana.
Educação ambiental no currículo de uma instituição de ensino superior: o processo de ambientalização curricular
Authors: ARANA Alba Regina Azevedo , BERTOLI Suzana Chiari
Published: October 2021

Este estudo tem como objetivo discutir as questões envolvidas na inserção da educação ambiental no currículo dos cursos de uma instituição de ensino superior. Apresentamos um estudo de caso de abordagem qualitativa realizada por meio de um questionário diagnóstico com os coordenadores dos cursos de graduação e pós-graduação de uma universidade particular do oeste do estado de São Paulo. Os resultados indicaram que a discussão ambiental na universidade ainda é um processo novo, repleto de desafios e anseios dos sujeitos envolvidos, mas que está iniciando as demandas para uma formação socioambiental.
Movimento Feminista e Interseccionalidade: uma abordagem a partir dos repertórios de ação e interação com o Estado
Authors: Silva Mônica de Cássia Costa , Ladeira Carla Bronzo , Brasil Flavia  de Paula Duque
Published: October 2021

Tendo em vista analisar os repertórios de ação e interação das mulheres negras com o poder público no período de 2010 a 2020, o artigo busca compreender como estes repertórios interseccionaram gênero
Cloverfield de Matt Reeves. La cámara, la experiencia
Authors: Duque Zuluaga Camilo
Published: October 2021

Al interior del subgénero cinematográfico Metraje Encontrado y del cine trágico, este trabajo hace una reflexión sobre la película Cloverfield la cual se centra en la revisión de elementos como: modos de representación, verosimilitud e intertextos, y destaca otros como la tragedia, la muerte y la monstruosidad. Se resalta una narrativa dramática donde el amor, en un ataque monstruoso que destruye la ciudad de New York, es un pretexto para movilizar el relato.
Cómo se construye una serie de culto.Estudio de caso a partir de Game of Thrones y la literatura popular en Francia
Authors: Menéndez Menéndez Isabel
Published: October 2021

Este artículo se interesa por la literatura popular como impulsora de las audiencias de productos televisivos de culto, dado que la ficción audiovisual no se limita a su exhibición, sino que se extiende mediante prácticas transmediáticas que alimentan el fandom. Como estudio de caso se analiza un corpus integrado por revistas monográficas dedicadas a Game of Thrones publicadas en Francia con ocasión de su desenlace. Las conclusiones indican que estas publicaciones contribuyen a la creación de una cultura erudita y compartida por el público al ofrecer numerosos datos que permiten al fandom sostener conver- saciones o elaborar productos propios. Entre las estrategias que permiten este rol destacan la riqueza de los contenidos, la multitud de puntos de vista, el despliegue de originalidad, la calidad científica y las diferentes y a veces arriesgadas propuestas de interpretación del texto original. Se puede afirmar que la literatura popular contribuye a la educación del gusto y la elaboración de clasificaciones desde las cuales se legitima lo culto, invitando al público a filtrar la recepción y erigiéndose como protagonistas indispen- sables de la cultura audiovisual.
El terror filosófico, perspectivas de la literatura del siglo XXI
Authors: Buitrago Osorio Luis Armando , Gallego Londoño Brian
Published: October 2021

El presente artículo tiene como propósito mostrar las características de un subgénero de la lite- ratura de terror, denominado por la crítica como terror filosófico. Así, se exponen las formas en las que este estilo, de la mano de su principal exponente Thomas Ligotti, se nutre de las formulaciones clásicas del terror expuestas por Poe, las mezcla con las estructuras narrativas de Lovecraft e introduce postu- lados filosóficos de la mano de pensadores como Peter Wessel Zapfe, para adentrarse en un entramado narrativo que resulta novedoso para el lector culto del terror, y aun así, logra mantener una herencia de tradición histórica muy marcada en un contexto situacional que le permite profundizar mucho más en aspectos como la conciencia, la ciudad o el ejercicio del hombre como ciudadano. Este artículo nace como respuesta a la pregunta ¿qué caracteriza la literatura del terror filosófico de Ligotti en el siglo XXI? propuesta por el grupo de investigación Litterae de la Universidad de Caldas.
La evocación de imágenes sonoras para la enseñanza de la historia de Colombia a partir de la educación popular
Authors: Dukaba Martínez Evi , A'lunawa Martínez Aty
Published: October 2021

La investigación busca evocar imágenes sonoras para enseñar la historia de Colombia por medio de la realización de podcats, con el fin de incentivar a los jóvenes a conocer la historia del país. Se utiliza una metodología de investigación mixta en la cual se acude a libros, documentos, entrevistas, entre otros. Las actividades se realizan a partir de la I.A.P. para poder tener información de la mano de la comunidad. Esto permite que esta se involucre en la realización de podcats sobre las percepciones que tengan de diferentes acontecimientos en Colombia. La divulgación de las piezas comunicativas, se ha realizado por el sitio oficial del colectivo Los Que Comemos Morcilla el cual surge como resultado del semillero La Chiva Multicolor con el fin de divulgar los resultados de este trabajo de investigación y de involucrar a la co- munidad en las actividades del proyecto, encontrando que desde la comunicación alternativa no solo se pueden hilar canales de diálogo disruptivos, sino que también se pueden tejer espacios emancipatorios a partir de la memoria histórica posibilitando un fuerte empoderamiento por parte de los grupos con los que se trabaje.
Hacer, saber y ser. El discurso femenino oculto en la tradición artesanal del municipio de Sandoná Nariño
Authors: Gómez Ordoñez Saskia Isabella
Published: October 2021

El presente trabajo indaga a cerca de las diferencias simbólicas y discursivas que se producen en el Municipio de Sandoná (Nariño) en torno a la participación de la comunidad artesana, tanto en la esfera pública como en la esfera doméstica. Se realiza bajo una metodología de tipo cualitativa-etnográfica contando con la participación voluntaria de actores sociales inmersos en el medio, este documento tiene como propósito efectuar un análisis sobre la brecha de género y marginalización femenina presente en representaciones tradicionales de tipo: estéticas/festivas (como las carrozas) y funcionales/producti- vas (como las artesanías en paja toquilla). En sintonía con el ejercicio surge la necesidad de plantear la interrogante mediante la cual sea posible una transgresión asociada a la resignificación del género en el campo público-doméstico para los y las artesanas del municipio de Sandoná.
Efficient Authentication Algorithm for Secure Remote Access in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Nyakomitta Peter Sungu , Nyangaresi Vincent Omollo , Ogara Solomon Odhiambo
Published: October 2021

Wireless sensor networks convey mission critical data that calls for adequate privacy and security protection. To accomplish this objective, numerous intrusion detection schemes based on machine learning approaches have been developed. In addition, authentication and key agreements techniques have been developed using techniques such as elliptic curve cryptography, bilinear pairing operations, biometrics, fuzzy verifier and Rabin cryptosystems. However, these schemes have either high false positive rates, high communication, computation, storage or energy requirements, all of which are not ideal for battery powered sensor nodes. Moreover, majority of these algorithms still have some security and privacy challenges that render them susceptible to various threats. In this paper, a WSN authentication algorithm is presented that is shown to be robust against legacy WSN privacy and security attacks such as sidechannel, traceability, offline guessing, replay and impersonations. From a performance perspective, the proposed algorithm requires the least computation overheads and average computation costs among its peers.
Two-mirror cylindrical antenna system with high efficiency.
Authors:   Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 125007, Moscow, ul. Mokhovaya, d. 11, str. 7, Kaloshin V.A. , Nam V.U. ,   Moskovskii fiziko-tekhnicheskii institut (NIU), 141700, Moskovskaya obl., Dolgoprudnyi, Institutskii per. 9
Published: October 2021

A technique for the synthesis of two-mirror cylindrical antenna systems for a given amplitude distribution in the aperture has been developed. At the first stage geometrical-optical synthesis is carried out, at the second stage a refined solution is found using the field of the feed on the secondary mirror found by the numerical method of finite element. As an example, a two-mirror cylindrical antenna system with a horn-lens feed and a uniform field distribution in the main mirror aperture has been synthesized. Using full-wave simulation by the finite element method, the analysis of the radiation characteristics of a synthesized two-mirror antenna system is carried out. The scanning characteristics of the antenna system by turning the main mirror are investigated. The efficiency of a cylindrical two-mirror antenna system with a horn-lens waveguide transition in the E-plane and an H- sectorial horn feed reaches 0.95 i.e. is close to the limiting value. When scanning the main lobe of the pattern in an angular sector of 27 degrees due to the rotation of the main mirror gain exceeds 26 dB, and efficiency exceeds 0.8.
Hysteroscopy in COVID-19 times
Authors: Gallo Alessandra , Sardo Attilio Di Spiezio , Legnante Antonietta , Iorio Romolo Di , Angelis Carlo De
Published: October 2021

Objective: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a global public health concern. Health Care Facilities in every country have to deal with a complete reorganization of labor and delivery unit, and resource management. Aim of this review is to summarize the available literature data about the impact of COVID-19 on hysteroscopic surgery. Mechanism: A search on PubMed and Medline databases was performed until March 2021. Findings in brief: Most of evidence agree on complete cancellation of elective endoscopic gynecologic surgery, and on its deferring until the pandemic has been contained. When hysteroscopy is performed, precautions should be observed to prevent COVID-19 infection. Conclusions: We summarized all best practice to perform safe and effective hysteroscopic surgery in COVID-19 times and in the slow restore of normal activities.
Can ACGME Milestones predict surgical specialty board passage: an example in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Authors: Ottum Sarah , Chao Conrad , Tamakuwala Sejal , Dean Joshua , Shafi Adib , Kramer Katherine Jennifer , Kaur Satinder , Recanati Maurice-Andre
Published: October 2021

Background: Multiple tools including Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) standardized milestones can be utilized to assess trainee and residency program performance. However, little is known regarding the objective validation of these tools in predicting written board passage. Methods: In this retrospective study, data was gathered on n = 45 Wayne State University Obstetrics and Gynecology program graduates over the five-year period ending July 2018. United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) scores, Council on Resident Education in Obstetrics and Gynecology (CREOG) in-training scores and ACGME milestones were used to predict American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ABOG) board passage success on first attempt. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Written board passage was associated with average CREOGs (p = 0.01) and milestones (p = 0.008) while USMLE1 was not significantly associated (p = 0.055). USMLE1 <217 (Positive predictive value (PPV) = 96%). CREOGs <197 (PPV = 100%) and milestones <3.25 (PPV = 100%), particularly practice-based learning and systems-based practice milestones were most strongly correlated with board failure. Using a combination of these two milestones, it is possible to correctly predict board passage using our model (PPV = 86%). Discussion: This study is the first validating the utility of milestones in a surgical specialty by demonstrating their ability to predict board passage. Residents with CREOGs or milestones below thresholds are at risk for board failure and may warrant early intervention.
Can serum biochemical markers be used to establish a relationship between idiopathic polyhydramnios and antenatal aneuploidy?
Authors: Sahin Ozgur , Tolunay H. Egemen , Arslanca Tufan , Arslanca S. Banu
Published: October 2021

Background: Polyhydramnios is a common cause of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The prediction of polyhydramnios in early pregnancy may lead to improved treatments and will diminish these adverse outcomes. Objective: This study aims to investigate the role of biochemical markers in antenatal screening tests to predict idiopathic polyhydramnios. Methods: Patient records were retrospectively evaluated in this case-control group study. Pregnant women (160 in total) were included in the study (this included 47 pregnant women diagnosed with idiopathic polyhydramnios and 113 healthy pregnant women as a control group). Results: Alpha-fetoprotein, unconjugated estriol, and total beta-human chorionic gonadotropin values were similar in both groups (p = 0.296, p = 0.573, p = 0.284). There was no significant difference between the group diagnosed with idiopathic polyhydramnios and the control group when the first-trimester screening test parameter, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A, was examined (p = 0.102). Conclusion: Biochemical markers examined in prenatal screening tests in the first and second trimesters were insufficient to predict idiopathic Polyhydramnios. The reasons for this are that our study was retrospective, and the patient population was low. We believe that a prospective study with a larger population of patients should be conducted for more meaningful results.
Factors related to blood loss in laparoscopic hysterectomy
Authors: Andan Cengiz , Aksin Serif , Goklu Mehmet Rifat , Tunc Seyhmus
Published: October 2021

Background: In this study, we aimed to retrospectively investigate the effects of patients’ age, body mass index (BMI), uterine size, presence of fibroids, previous surgery, and the experience of surgeons on blood loss during total laparoscopic hysterectomy. Methods: Data of 416 patients who underwent total laparoscopic hysterectomy in our gynecology clinic were retrospectively evaluated. Several factors that may be correlated with blood loss were investigated based on the changes in their hemoglobin levels. Results: In this study, BMI (under 30: 1.25 g/dL and over 30: 1.10 g/dL, p = 0.140), age (over 50 years: 1.05 g/dL and under 50 years: 1.20 g/dL, p = 0.196), uterus size (above 500 cm3: 1.00 g/dL and below 500 cm3: 1.20 g/dL, p = 0.227), presence of fibroids (fibroids: 1.20 g/dL and without fibroids: 1.10 g/dL) mg/dL, p = 0.843), previous operation history (surgical history: 0.90 g/dL and no surgical history: 1.00 g/dL, p = 0.631) were not correlated with blood loss. Case experience (inexperienced period: 1.10 g/dL and experienced period: 1.20 g/dL, p = 0.185) of each surgeon was not correlated with blood loss. When we examined the blood loss of 11 surgeons separately, it ranged from 0.75 g/dL (0.4–1.9 g/dL) to 1.65 g/dL (0.83–2.15 g/dL). Correlation of the individual surgeon factor with blood loss was statistically significant (p = 0.041). Discussion: Age, BMI, uterine size, presence of fibroids and previous operation history were not correlated with blood loss during total laparoscopic hysterectomy. We determined the individual surgeon as the only aspect affecting blood loss.
Defective expression of endometrial BMP-2 contributes to subfertility in women with unexplained infertility
Authors: Yurci Arzu , Gungor Nur Dokuzeylul , Gurbuz Tugba
Published: October 2021

Background: This study was planned to measure bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) levels in the endometrial samples of unexplained infertility (UEI) cases who had a history of unsuccessful in vitro fertilization - embryo transfer (IVF-ET) and therefore decided to have frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET). Methods: Thirty patients diagnosed with UEI and decided to transfer frozen-thawed embryo transfer were included in the study. The UEI patients were selected among the patients whose previous IVF-ET trials were unsuccessful and were scheduled for FET this time. Thirty participants in the control group were selected among patients diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and scheduled for FET. Serum total testosterone, fasting insulin, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels were measured. Homeostatic model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) Formula was used for calculating insulin resistance. Endometrial samples were collected by pipelle during oocyte pick-up, washed three times with a sterile saline solution to remove blood and transferred into RNA stabilization buffer until analysis. Endometrial BMP-2 concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Serum total testosterone, insulin levels and HOMA-IR of patients in the control group were significantly higher than the UEI group. BMP-2 levels in the endometrial supernatants of UEI patients were found to be about 2 times lower than the patients in the control group (984.5 (350) pg/mg wet tissue vs. 1720 (318) pg/mg wet tissue, p < 0.000, Z = –6.6). A strong and significant positive correlation was found between endometrial thickness, estradiol levels measured on HCG day and BMP-2 levels. A positive and significant correlation was found between endometrial BMP-2 levels and serum luteinizing hormone (LH), fasting insulin, glucose, testosterone, HOMA-IR and mature oocyte counts. Conclusion: BMP-2 is associated with UEI and mechanistically it may be useful to study this further to determine is this is causal or merely a biomarker.
The effect of follicular fluid-related hormones and vascular endothelial factor levels on the formation of high-quality embryos
Authors: Liang Lin , Zhao Xiao Xi
Published: October 2021

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible influence of follicular fluid (FF)-related hormones and vascular endothelial factor (VEGF) levels on oocytes, and the resulting effect on formation of high-quality embryos, to provide a scientific basis for improving controlled ovarian stimulation. Methods: The levels of hormones and VEGF in FF were determined by performing enzyme-linked immunoassays. According to the number of high-quality embryos obtained, the patients were divided into three groups, and the levels and constitution of hormones and VEGF in FF were compared. Based on the results of correlation analysis, the number of oocytes harvested and the concentration of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in FF were substituted into multiple logistic regression models. Results: The number of high-quality embryos was negatively correlated with FSH concentration (correlation coefficient = -0.305, p = 0.0001). The concentration of VEGF, FSH, luteinising hormone, and estradiol in FF was significantly different among the different high-quality embryo number groups. Multiple logistic regression results showed that the FSH concentration in the FF of the group without embryos was significantly higher than that of the other two groups, and the number of eggs obtained in the third group was significantly higher than that of the group without embryos. Conclusion: In the late stage of follicular development, FSH concentration in FF and the number of oocytes obtained affects the formation of high-quality embryos.
SARS-CoV-2 detection in pregnant and non-pregnant women
Authors: Abdulkareem Noor Hazim , Abdulkareem Elham Hazeim
Published: October 2021

Background: The coronavirus causing severe acute respiratory syndrome has infected over 2 million people worldwide, killed thousands, and triggered a global pandemic. There is a scarcity of information about pregnant and non-pregnant women who have coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This study’s aim was to determine whether the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was present in the vaginal fluid of infected women. Also, their platelet counts were examined to see whether they were higher in severe versus moderate cases of the COVID-19 disease. Methods: Our Obstetrics Clinic treated 31 women with confirmed COVID-19 (23 pregnant and 8 non-pregnant women) between 1 September 2020 and 30 September 2020). The existence of syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in vaginal fluid samples was used to determine evidence of genital transmission of the virus. A clinical laboratory procedure, including taking blood samples, IgG/IgM Rapid Test Cassette was performed to validate SARS-CoV-2 infection. Vaginal swabs were retrieved from SARS-CoV-2 positive patients between seven and 10 days of onset. Swabs were inserted two or three centimetres into the vagina and rotated three or five times. The swabs were immediately sent to the lab for RT-PCR, and the patients’ COVID-19 status was verified. The real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (BIORON Diagnostics GmbH’s - RealLine SARS-CoV-2 (B-Format) BI1020-96 Tests). Results: Patients’ vaginal fluids tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. Patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 had normal platelet counts. Discussion: Our findings indicate that SARS-2 virus was not present in the vaginal fluid of the 31 patients, meaning that sexual transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is unlikely.
Dienogest-based hormonal contraception induced changes in the ultrasound presentation of the uterus and menstrual pain
Authors: Xholli Anjeza , Biasioli Anna , Grandi Giovanni , Cagnacci Angelo
Published: October 2021

Background: In young women, combined hormonal contraceptives can ameliorate menstrual pain and reduce menstrual loss, but their efficacy in adenomyosis has not been proven. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ultrasound features of adenomyosis are modified by a combined hormonal contraceptive containing dienogest. Methods: Fifty-eight out of 173 premenopausal women consecutively attending our university hospital outpatient service for contraception were enrolled in this observational study. Women with menstrual pain or heavy menstrual bleeding underwent ultrasonography. An expert sonographer diagnosed or excluded adenomyosis and fibroids via morphological uterus sonographic assessment (MUSA). The intensity of menstrual pain was quantified by each patient on a visual analogue scale (VAS). A total of 38 women with and 20 without ultrasound features of adenomyosis received dienogest-based hormonal contraceptive and had a follow-up ultrasound after 6 months of treatment. Results: During treatment, uterine volume decreased by –13.1 ± 22.1% (p = 0.001) in women with adenomyosis features, while it tended to increase in controls. Hypoechoic striation of myometrium present in 95% of cases and myometrial cysts in 5% of cases, respectively, at baseline, had completely disappeared by 6 months. Asymmetry of uterine walls decreased, with the anterior/posterior wall ratio declining from 2.8 ± 0.8. to 1.9 ± 0.7 (p = 0.0001). Heterogeneous myometrial texture, globous uterine morphology, and junctional zone alteration remained unchanged. In women with baseline adenomyosis, VAS score for menstrual pain decreased by –4.0 ± 3.6 (p = 0.0001). During treatment, a VAS score for menstrual pain close to 0 was found in all women without adenomyosis. Days of menstrual flow decreased in women with (p = 0.0001) and without (p = 0.003) adenomyosis. Conclusions: Dienogest-based hormonal contraceptives improve the sonographic features of adenomyosis and improve symptoms. Prospective data are needed to confirm these findings.
Circulating neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and gestational diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Zhu , Huang Hui , Hu Jingcen , Wang Shuyu , Xia Liang
Published: October 2021

Background: Many studies have assessed the role of circulating neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but the results remain uncertain. Thus, this study aimed to assess the association between NGAL and GDM risk by performing a meta-analysis. Methods: We carried out a systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Wanfang and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases) to retrieve all related studies. The estimates of standardized mean difference (SMD) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated in a random-effects model. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed using I2. Results: Of all included 17 studies, 1080 pregnant women with GDM and 1736 controls were finally included in our analysis. The overall estimate indicated that circulating NGAL levels were higher in the GDM cases comparing to normal pregnant women (SMD: 3.16; 95% CI: 2.28, 4.04; p < 0.001). In stratified analyses, larger differences were observed in women with maternal age <30 years compared to those with maternal age ≥30 years (SMD 4.23 vs. 1.30), and among studies with BMI not matched compared to BMI matched studies (SMD: 4.29 vs. 2.63), but no difference was observed in Caucasian population (SMD: 1.68; 95% CI: –0.68, 3.99; p = 0.157). Conclusion: Our findings show that elevated levels of circulating NGAL might be more likely to be found among GDM women. Circulating NGAL might be a helpful detecting marker for the judgment of the occurrence of GDM. Nevertheless, further prospective studies are needed to assess this potential role.
Surveying the landscape of CIHR-funded research data sharing practices: An analysis of the published literature
Authors: Read Kevin B , Ganshorn Heather , Rutley Sarah , Scott David R.
Published: October 2021

Background:As Canada increases requirements for research data management (RDM) and sharing, there is value in identifying how research data are shared, and what has been done to make them findable and reusable. This study aims to understand Canada’s data sharing landscape by reviewing how Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) funded data are shared, and comparing researchers’ data sharing practices to RDM and sharing best practices. Methods:We performed a descriptive analysis of CIHR-funded publications from PubMed and PubMed Central that were published between 1946 and Dec 31, 2019 and that indicated the research data underlying the results of the publication were shared. Each publication was analyzed to identify how and where data were shared, who shared data, and what documentation was included to support data reuse.Results:Of 4,144 CIHR-funded publications, 45.2% (n=1,876) included accessible data, 21.9% (n=909) stated data were available by request, 7.3% (n=304) stated data sharing was not applicable/possible, and we found no evidence of data sharing in 37.6% (n=1,558) of publications. Frequent data sharing methods included via a repository (n=1,549, 37.3%), within supplementary files (n=1,048, 25.2%), and by request (n=919, 22.1%). 13.1% (n=554) of publications included documentation that would facilitate data reuse.Interpretation:Our findings reveal that CIHR-funded publications largely lack the metadata, access instructions, and documentation to facilitate data discovery and reuse. Without measures to address these concerns, and enhanced support for researchers seeking to implement RDM and sharing best practices, most CIHR-funded research data will remain hidden, inaccessible, and unusable.
Protecting Sensitive Data with Secure Data Enclaves
Authors: Howison Mark , Angell Mintaka , Hicklen Mike S. , Hastings Justine S.
Published: October 2021

A Secure Data Enclave is a system that allows data owners to control data access and ensure data security while facilitating approved uses of data by other parties. This model of data use offers additional protections and technical controls for the data owner compared to the more commonly used approach of transferring data from the owner to another party through a data sharing agreement. Under the data use model, the data owner retains full transparency and auditing over the other party’s access, which can be difficult to achieve in practice with even the best legal instrument for data sharing. We describe the key technical requirements for a Secure Data Enclave and provide a reference architecture for its implementation on the Amazon Web Services platform using managed cloud services.
Effect of market orientation, marketing capability, product innovation on performance
Authors: Kabir Muhammad Fadhlan
Published: October 2021

Kinerja pemasaran adalah milik perusahaan pencapaian dalam kegiatan pemasaran. Untuk memenangkan persaingan sangat penting bagi perusahaan untuk berubah strategi mereka dengan orientasi pasar, karena meningkatnya persaingan global dan perubahan kebutuhan konsumen, perusahaan harus fokus pada kebutuhan pasar, agar dapat bertahan.
Beyond Description and Deficits: How Computational Psychiatry Can Enhance an Understanding of Decision-Making in Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Haynos Ann Frances , Widge Alik , Anderson Lisa , Redish A. David
Published: October 2021

Purpose of Review: Despite decades of research, knowledge of the mechanisms maintaining anorexia nervosa (AN) remains incomplete and clearly effective treatments elusive. Novel theoretical frameworks are needed to advance mechanistic and treatment research for this disorder. Here, we argue the utility of engaging a novel lens that differs from existing perspectives in psychiatry. Specifically, we argue the necessity of expanding beyond two historically common perspectives: 1) the descriptive perspective: the tendency to define mechanisms on the basis of surface characteristics; and 2) the deficit perspective: the tendency to search for mechanisms associated with under-functioning of decision-making abilities and related circuity, rather than problems of over-functioning, in psychiatric disorders. Recent Findings: Computational psychiatry can provide a novel framework for understanding AN because this approach emphasizes the role of computational misalignments (rather than absolute deficits or excesses) between decision-making strategies and environmental demands as the key factors promoting psychiatric illnesses. Informed by this approach, we argue that AN can be understood as a disorder of excess goal pursuit, maintained by over-engagement, rather than disengagement, of executive functioning strategies and circuits. Emerging evidence suggests that this same computational imbalance may constitute an under-investigated phenotype presenting transdiagnostically across psychiatric disorders. Summary: A variety of computational models can be used to further elucidate excess goal pursuit in AN. Most traditional psychiatric treatments do not target excess goal pursuit or associated neurocognitive mechanisms. Thus, targeting at the level of computational dysfunction may provide a new avenue for enhancing treatment for AN and related disorders.
Fractionating the reward-memory literature: Instructed, item-related feedback, and item-unrelated feedback
Authors: Simonsen Nick , Madan Christopher R
Published: October 2021

Over the last two decades, nearly one hundred studies have been published examining reward influences on memory. Implementations of reward-value procedures have varied markedly, as have other study characteristics, including images vs. words, intentional vs. incidental memory encoding, and recall vs. recognition tests. As such, the resulting state of the field has become unwieldy and somewhat difficult to identify consistent reward-memory effects from those that are inconsistent due to critical differences in the study methods. Here we provide an overview of these studies and fractionate their methods into three distinct procedures: instructed, item-related feedback, and item-unrelated feedback. Instructed studies tell participants of item-value associations during encoding with rewards earned during memory retrieval. In contrast, feedback studies ask participants to make responses during encoding, with rewards provided as feedback; memory retrieval itself is unrewarded. Some feedback studies require participants to make responses related to the to-be-remembered items, while others require participants to respond to an initial prompt before presenting an unrelated stimulus. While both procedures involve feedback, the first set of studies involves item-related feedback, and the second set has item-unrelated feedback. By fractionating the reward-memory literature into distinct procedures, an otherwise heterogenous mixture of study design characteristics becomes much more interpretable and the underlying cognitive mechanisms more clear. This additional clarity should improve predictions for future studies, as this framework helps identify which prior findings are more relevant, while also providing a summary of the current state of the field.
Nowe media w komunikacji – wyzwania i potrzeby
Authors: Bereźnicka Małgorzata
Published: October 2021

W artykule omówiono przemiany, jakie się dokonały poprzez użytkowanie nowych mediów, zwłaszcza internetu, uwzględniając kontekst powstania i rozwoju technologii informacyjno-komunikacyjnych, przedstawiono też różnice pomiędzy klasyczną komunikacją a kontaktami internetowymi. Scharakteryzowano najczęstsze rodzaje zagrożeń internetowych i omówiono niejednoznaczny wpływ kontaktów sieciowych na człowieka i jego życie społeczne, w tym przede wszystkim więzi z innymi. Podkreślono, że nowe media mają wiele zalet, mogą jednak być również źródłem wielu ryzykownych sytuacji, dlatego konieczna jest edukacja w tym zakresie, obejmująca zwłaszcza (choć nie tylko) młode pokolenia. Wskazane są też dalsze wieloaspektowe badania, które umożliwiałyby diagnozę zmieniającej się rzeczywistości i służyły opracowywaniu rozwiązań problemów związanych z ryzykiem, jakie towarzyszy użytkowaniu technologii informacyjno-komunikacyjnych.
Ambiguous Word Processing among Second Language Learners
Authors: Ali Qurbi Essa
Published: October 2021

Cette étude porte sur le traitement, par des apprenants d’une langue seconde, de mots ambigus (p. ex., bank, en anglais : 1] une institution financière, 2] la rive d’une rivière/d’un lac) et sur la capacité de ces apprenants d’activer la signification secondaire aussi rapidement que la signification dominante. Des participants ayant l’anglais comme langue primaire et comme langue seconde ont utilisé un paradigme de fenêtres pour effectuer une tâche de lecture à leur rythme, où toutes les phrases s’orientaient vers la deuxième signification (c.-à-d., bank comme la rive d’une rivière/d’un lac). Les résultats ont montré que les participants dont l’anglais était la langue première activaient autant les significations dominante que secondaire d’un mot ambigu, même dans un contexte orienté vers la signification secondaire. Cependant, les participants dont l’anglais était la langue seconde avaient certaines difficultés à activer la signification secondaire en langue seconde, même lorsque le contexte précédent était orienté vers celle-ci. Les résultats des participants dont la langue première était l’anglais étaient compatibles avec un modèle d’accès autonome, c’est-à-dire que toutes les significations d’un mot ambigu de la langue première sont activées même lorsque le contexte est orienté vers une signification particulière. Cependant, les résultats des participants dont l’anglais était la langue seconde, même si ceux-ci connaissaient les deux significations de chaque mot ambigu dans l’étude (selon le questionnaire rempli après l’expérience), ont montré que la signification dominante d’un mot ambigu dans une langue seconde est activée la première, même lorsque le contexte est orienté vers la signification secondaire.
Conocimientos y saberes locales en tres propuestas curriculares para educación indígena
Authors: Keyser Ulrike , Salgado Medina Rosa María , Ruiz de la Torre (México) Gabriela
Published: October 2021

En este trabajo explicamos la relevancia de los conocimientos locales e indígenas y su incorporación en procesos educativos; ambas son condiciones para la transformación económica, social, política y educativa que requiere el México pluriétnico y la construcción de relaciones más igualitarias. Saberes distintos al pensamiento occidental dominante empiezan a ser reconocidos dentro de la educación formal y esto ha permitido evaluar problemas, visualizar obstáculos, determinar retos y diseñar alternativas de acción docente. En este marco, revisamos tres propuestas: el programa de la licenciatura en Educación Preescolar y Primaria para el Medio Indígena, que imparte la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional; el método inductivo intercultural, que se ha trabajado con estudiantes y egresados de la licenciatura mencionada; y el Programa de Educación para los Pueblos Originarios de Michoacán, diseñado y aplicado por docentes indígenas a partir de los conocimientos y las prácticas locales en las comunidades. El proceso metodológico comprendió un estudio documental comparativo de los diseños curriculares, entrevistas y grupo de discusión con docentes de las tres propuestas. Los resultados subrayan la importancia de la participación activa e investigación continua del profesorado en las comunidades para una educación basada en conocimientos indígenas.
Defining clinically significant tumor size in vestibular schwannoma to inform timing of microsurgery during wait-and-scan management: moving beyond minimum detectable growth
Authors: Macielak Robert J. , Wallerius Katherine P. , Lawlor Skye K. , Lohse Christine M. , Marinelli John P. , Neff Brian A. , Van Gompel Jamie J. , Driscoll Colin L. W. , Link Michael J. , Carlson Matthew L.
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE

Detection of vestibular schwannoma (VS) growth during observation leads to definitive treatment at most centers globally. Although ≥ 2 mm represents an established benchmark of tumor growth on serial MRI studies, 2 mm of linear tumor growth is unlikely to significantly alter microsurgical outcomes. The objective of the current work was to ascertain where the magnitude of change in clinical outcome is the greatest based on size.

METHODS

A single-institution retrospective review of a consecutive series of patients with sporadic VS who underwent microsurgical resection between January 2000 and May 2020 was performed. Preoperative tumor size cutpoints were defined in 1-mm increments and used to identify optimal size thresholds for three primary outcomes: 1) the ability to achieve gross-total resection (GTR); 2) maintenance of normal House-Brackmann (HB) grade I facial nerve function; and 3) preservation of serviceable hearing (American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery class A/B). Optimal size thresholds were obtained by maximizing c-indices from logistic regression models.

RESULTS

Of 603 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 502 (83%) had tumors with cerebellopontine angle (CPA) extension. CPA tumor size was significantly associated with achieving GTR, postoperative HB grade I facial nerve function, and maintenance of serviceable hearing (all p < 0.001). The optimal tumor size threshold to distinguish between GTR and less than GTR was 17 mm of CPA extension (c-index 0.73). In the immediate postoperative period, the size threshold between HB grade I and HB grade > I was 17 mm of CPA extension (c-index 0.65). At the most recent evaluation, the size threshold between HB grade I and HB grade > I was 23 mm (c-index 0.68) and between class A/B and C/D hearing was 18 mm (c-index 0.68). Tumors within 3 mm of the 17-mm CPA threshold displayed similarly strong c-indices. Among purely intracanalicular tumors, linear size was not found to portend worse outcomes for all measures.

CONCLUSIONS

The probability of incurring less optimal microsurgical outcomes begins to significantly increase at 14–20 mm of CPA extension. Although many factors ultimately influence decision-making, when considering timing of microsurgical resection, using a size threshold range as depicted in this study offers an evidence-based approach that moves beyond reflexively recommending treatment for all tumors after detecting ≥ 2 mm of tumor growth on serial MRI studies.
Evaluation of early postoperative day 1 discharge after endoscopic endonasal pituitary adenoma resection
Authors: Yu Siyuan , Taghvaei Mohammad , Collopy Sarah , Piper Keenan , Karsy Michael , Lavergne Pascal , Barton Blair , Chitguppi Chandala , D’Souza Glen , Rosen Marc R. , Nyquist Gurston G. , Rabinowitz Mindy , Farrell Christopher J. , Evans James J.
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE

While multiple studies have evaluated the length of stay after endonasal transsphenoidal surgery (ETS) for pituitary adenoma, the potential for early discharge on postoperative day 1 (POD 1) remains unclear. The authors compared patients discharged on POD 1 with patients discharged on POD > 1 to better characterize factors that facilitate early discharge after ETS.

METHODS

A retrospective chart review was performed for patients undergoing ETS for pituitary adenoma at a single tertiary care academic center from February 2005 to February 2020. Discharge on POD 1 was defined as a discharge within 24 hours of surgery.

RESULTS

A total of 726 patients (mean age 55 years, 52% male) were identified, of whom 178 (24.5%) patients were discharged on POD 1. These patients were more likely to have pituitary incidentaloma (p = 0.001), require dural substitutes and DuraSeal (p = 0.0001), have fewer intraoperative CSF leaks (p = 0.02), and have lower postoperative complication rates (p = 0.006) compared with patients discharged on POD > 1. POD 1 patients also showed higher rates of macroadenomas (96.1% vs 91.4%, p = 0.03) and lower rates of functional tumors (p = 0.02). POD > 1 patients were more likely to have readmission within 30 days (p = 0.002), readmission after 30 days (p = 0.0001), nasal synechiae on follow-up (p = 0.003), diabetes insipidus (DI; 1.7% vs 9.8%, p = 0.0001), postoperative hypocortisolism (21.8% vs 12.1%, p = 0.01), and postoperative steroid usage (44.6% vs 59.7%, p = 0.003). The number of patients discharged on POD 1 significantly increased during each subsequent time epoch: 2005–2010, 2011–2015, and 2016–2020 (p = 0.0001). On multivariate analysis, DI (OR 7.02, 95% CI 2.01–24.57; p = 0.002) and intraoperative leak (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.25–3.28; p = 0.004) were associated with increased risk for POD > 1 discharge, while operation epoch (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.3–0.71; p = 0.0001) was associated with POD 1 discharge.

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrates that discharge on POD 1 after ETS for pituitary adenomas was safe and feasible and without increased risk of 30-day readmission. On multivariate analysis, surgical epoch was associated with decreased risk of prolonged length of stay, while factors associated with increased risk of prolonged length of stay included DI and intraoperative CSF leak. These findings may help in selecting patients who are deemed reasonable for safe, early discharge after pituitary adenoma resection.
Bypassing the intensive care unit for patients with acute ischemic stroke secondary to large-vessel occlusion
Authors: Duan Yifei , Shammassian Berje , Srivatsa Shaarada , Sunshine Kerrin , Chugh Arunit , Pace Jonathan , Opaskar Amanda , Bambakidis Nicholas C.
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE

Endovascular mechanical thrombectomy is safe and effective for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large-vessel occlusion (LVO). Still, despite high rates of procedural success, it is routine practice to uniformly admit postthrombectomy patients to an intensive care unit (ICU) for postoperative observation. Predictors of ICU criteria and care requirements in the postmechanical thrombectomy ischemic stroke patient population are lacking. The goal of the present study is to identify risk factors associated with requiring ICU-level intervention following mechanical thrombectomy.

METHODS

The authors retrospectively analyzed data from 245 patients undergoing thrombectomy for AIS from anterior circulation LVO at a comprehensive stroke and tertiary care center from January 2015 to March 2020. Clinical variables that predicted the need for critical care intervention were identified and compared. The performance of a binary classification test constructed from these predictive variables was also evaluated using a validation cohort.

RESULTS

Seventy-six patients (31%) required critical care interventions. A recanalization grade lower than modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) scale grade 2B (odds ratio [OR] 3.625, p = 0.001), Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS) < 8 (OR 3.643, p < 0.001), and presence of hyperdensity on postprocedure cone-beam CT (OR 2.485, p = 0.005) were significantly associated with the need for postthrombectomy critical care intervention. When applied to a validation cohort, a clearance classification scheme using these three variables demonstrated high positive predictive value (0.88).

CONCLUSIONS

A recanalization grade lower than mTICI 2B, ASPECTS < 8, and postprocedure hyperdensity on cone-beam CT were shown to be independent predictors of requiring ICU-level care. Routine admission to ICU-level care can be costly and confer increased risk for hospital-acquired conditions. Safely and reliably identifying low-risk patients has the potential for cost savings, value-based care, and decreasing hospital-acquired conditions.