bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EDUKASI “MY HOME MY LAB” PEMBELAJARAN PRAKTIKUM BAGI GURU IPA DI KABUPATEN BEKASI SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PRAKTIKUM PADA MASA PANDEMI
Authors: Suryanda Ade , Azrai Eka Putri , Rini Daniar Setyo , Fitriani Anisa , Aprida Naurah , Izzatunnisa Lita
Published: November 2022

Experiment in science learning is a necessity. Experiment will provide students with very meaningful knowledge and experience. The Covid-19 pandemic that occurred in Indonesia required the world of education to implement an online learning model from March 2020 until today. Therefore, an effective Experiment learning strategy is needed during this pandemic. This service activity is based on the fact that there are still many obstacles that science teachers encounter in carrying out practical learning activities, as part of science learning activities. The general purpose of this activity is to increase the knowledge and skills of science teachers in conducting science Experiment activities during the pandemic, by utilizing facilities, materials and tools that are easily accessible at home by students. This training uses the experiential learning method with a participant-centered approach through case study techniques, and simulations. The resulting output targets are an increase in the understanding and knowledge of teachers about science Experiment, an increase in the ability to create science Experiment activities at home using facilities, materials and tools that are easily obtained by students and the potential for teachers to make science Experiment s at home with the slogan "MY HOME MY LABORATORY". This activity has been successfully carried out, providing supplies to science teachers, so they are ready to carry out practical activities even though they are still in a pandemic condition, by utilizing their homes and facilities as student laboratories.
DIGITALISASI LAYANAN MINIMUN DESA SEBAGAI UPAYA PENINGKATAN LAYANAN DESA BINAAN
Authors: Lukman Nur , Umar Fatimah , Gerhana Yana Aditia
Published: November 2022

Perkembangan teknologi informasi dan munculnya industry 4.0 merupakan tantangan besar bagi seluruh masyarakat Indonesia termasuk Desa Sindangsuka Kecamatan Cibatu Garut, yang harus menyesuaikan dengan perkembangan ini, tahun 2019 merupakan awal dari Desa Sindangsuka munculnya komitmen untuk mengikuti perkembangan teknologi dengan mendigitalisaasi layanan minimum desa, karena pada tahun ini lahir covid-19 yang membuat layanan desa yang tadinya berjalan normal menjadi tehambat, karena protocol harus diterapkan dan pelayanan desapun tidak berjalan dengan semestinyam, sehingga pemanfaatan teknologi menjadi pilihan sebagai solusi untuk masalah tersebut. Terdapat dua kegiatan besar dalam pengabdian ini, diantaranya adalah perancangan dan pembuatan sistem sesuai dengan analisis kebutuhan pengguna dilihat dari urgensi desa terkait, dan yang kedua adalah pelatihan aplikasi layanan minimun desa yang telah dibangun melalui beberapa tahap, tahap pertama merupakan tahap pelatihan terhadap admin sistem, yaitu aparat desa yang ditugasi sebagai admin aplikasi, pelatihan terhadap perwakilan wagra yang diwakili oleh Ketua RW, untuk rekomendasi kedepannya sesuai dengan roadmap yang telah dibuat sebelumnya, yaitu pelatihan yang dilakukan oleh desa dengan instruktur setiap ketua RW yang telah melakukan pelatihan sebelumnya dan dijadwalkan oleh pihak desa.
O’Brien, Patrick K. (ed.), The Crucible of Revolutionary and Napoleonic Warfare and European Transitions to Modern Economic Growth, Leiden y Boston, Brill, 2022, 292p. ISBN: 978-90-04-47273-0. 123€
Authors: González-Enciso Agustín
Published: November 2022

Book Review
La ganadería extensiva y sus depredadores naturales en el Campo de Calatrava: las Reales Dehesas de Alcudia y Zacatena (fines s. XV - inicios s. XIX)
Authors: Gómez-Vozmediano Miguel-F.
Published: November 2022

El presente artículo de investigación indaga en el impacto que la lucha tradicional entre el hombre y el lobo tuvo en el desarrollo de la ganadería extensiva y el retroceso del ecosistema natural del Campo de Calatrava, aún en proceso de colonización durante los siglos XV al XVI. El resultado de la presión combinada de rebaños domésticos y campesinos repobladores fue el paulatino exterminio de los depredadores naturales del ganado y la caza, como eran osos, lobos, zorras, gatos monteses u otros animales silvestres considerados peligrosos y nocivos. Una fauna que se denominaba con el término genérico peyorativo de salvajinas o alimañas, todavía abundante a inicios del siglo xix, pero que, salvo excepciones, desaparecerá en esta comarca a lo largo de la siguiente centuria.
Fuente Langas, Jesús Mª y Víctor Manuel Arbeloa Muru, El socialismo en Pamplona y Navarra, 1931-1936, Pamplona, Eunsa, 2021, 770p. ISBN: 9788431336707. 37,90€
Authors: Caspistegui Francisco-Javier
Published: November 2022

Book Review
Aurell Cardona, Jaume, Medieval Self-Coronations: The History and Symbolism of a Ritual, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2020, 340p. ISBN: 978-1108840248. 90£
Authors: Bernal-Hirata Paola
Published: November 2022

Book Review
Alimentos para Indias. Las cartas de llamada como fuente de referencia. Siglos XVI-XIX
Authors: Márquez-Macías Rosario
Published: November 2022

La Carrera de Indias ha sido una de las parcelas de estudio que mayores atenciones ha recibido en la historiografía en especial sobre las relaciones entre España y América a lo largo del período colonial. El tráfico de navíos, hombres y mercancías sigue teniendo un trato considerable, ya que el fenómeno presenta enormes posibilidades investigadoras: la náutica, la emigración, el comercio; pero también es cierto que ha primado la vertiente económica y humana, dejando de lado otros aspectos. Y así, entre los emigrantes instalados en América y las familias que permanecieron en España, se mantuvo a lo largo de los siglos de la Modernidad una nutrida correspondencia. En ella se hacían múltiples alusiones a la nueva vida que emprendían en las Indias Occidentales. Entre estas referencias no escaseaban las correspondientes a la vida a bordo. El objeto de este trabajo es analizar cuáles fueron los alimentos embarcados para la travesía hasta América y qué recomendaciones contenían las cartas a este respecto.
Ruiz-Berdún, Dolores, Historia de las matronas en España, Madrid, Guadalmazán, 2022, 414p. ISBN: 978-84-17547-83-7. 21,85€
Authors: Usunáriz Jesús-M.
Published: November 2022

Book Review
Pulido Azpíroz, Alejandro, Neutralidad en pie de guerra. El País Vasco y Navarra ante la Primera Guerra Mundial (1914-1918), Madrid, Sílex, 2021, 402p. ISBN: 978-84-18388-32-3. 21,85€
Authors: Caspistegui Francisco-Javier
Published: November 2022

Book Review
A transition management methodological framework towards an industrial symbiosis within a circular economy
Authors:   , Rincón John
Published: November 2022

This thesis seeks to make the transition process easier by detailing how the transition governance model may produce new value for enterprises and society. As a result, this thesis proposes transition management (TM) methodological framework that aids the circular economy (CE) transition process via industrial symbiosis (IS). The ideas of the TM framework were utilised to analyse IS systems, and the TM framework was used to study processes in two regions. The transition to a CE framed within an IS system may be regulated if the TM framework is viewed as a helpful facilitation guide. As a result, the evidence presented in this thesis is followed, which would aid the transition process. It is intended that this thesis has thrown light on the lack of knowledge of how many stakeholders may address and influence desired changes in the face of escalating environmental and social challenges, which prompted the start of a transition process.
Twelve Early Christian Civilizations: "Essays on the History of Christian Civilizations" edited by Y. M. Kobishchanov
Authors: Kobishchanov T. Yu.
Published: November 2022

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The Christianization of Nubia
Authors: Kobishchanov Yu. M.
Published: November 2022

Out of all the regions and cultures of the Christian East, Nubia remains the one least studied, with the smallest number of researchers taking upon themselves the task of studying its political history, its Church and its archaeology. Below is the English version of the chapter of the book by the famous Russian historian Yuri M. Kobishchanov.
Alfabetização Midiática-Visual: um Direito Humano na Escola
Authors: Brum Alisson Roberto , Schmidt Sarai Patricia , Santos Vitória Brito
Published: November 2022

O estudo versa sobre a relação entre a cultura da mídia e o território escolar, problematizando o papel do/a professor/a e da escola na mediação dos conteúdos midiaticamente consumidos pelos estudantes. A investigação coloca em debate as compreensões e aptidões que os/as docentes possuem em relação às didáticas voltadas para a Alfabetização Midiática-Visual dentro de seus específicos contextos escolares de atuação. Em termos metodológicos, trata-se de uma abordagem quanti-qualitativa, que tem como estratégia central a pesquisa-ação (THIOLLENT, 1986). Para isso, articula-se teórico-metodologicamente através de alguns conceitos, tais como: Direitos Humanos (MARTIN-BARBERO, 2011), Alfabetismo Visual (KELLNER, 1995) e Educação Midiática (BACCEGA, 2001). Noções essas que nortearam a pesquisa empírica desenvolvida com um grupo de docentes da rede municipal de uma cidade no Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil. Como resultado da pesquisa-ação, criou-se o Guia da Alfabetização Midiática-Visual, um documento pautado no estudo e no uso da linguagem fotográfica na escola, o qual acredita-se, assim como esta pesquisa, que oportunize novas formas de se pensar e planejar os processos de ensino-aprendizagem, além de propiciar aos educadores/as e aos educandos/as a construção de saberes que viabilizam um consumo mais consciente e crítico dos artefatos comunicacionais, assim como possibilita mais autonomia e responsabilidade no uso das tecnologias midiáticas como forma de luta democrática e expressão cidadã.
Novel Exploration Techniques (NETs) for Malaria Policy Interventions
Authors: Bent Oliver , Remy Sekou , Roberts Stephen , Walcott-Bryant Aisha
Published: November 2022

The task of decision-making under uncertainty is daunting, especially for problems which have significant complexity. Healthcare policy makers across the globe are facing problems under challenging constraints, with limited tools to help them make data driven decisions. In this work we frame the process of finding an optimal malaria policy as a stochastic multi-armed bandit problem, and implement three agent based strategies to explore the policy space. We apply a Gaussian Process regression to the findings of each agent, both for comparison and to account for stochastic results from simulating the spread of malaria in a fixed population. The generated policy spaces are compared with published results to give a direct reference with human expert decisions for the same simulated population. Our novel approach provides a powerful resource for policy makers, and a platform which can be readily extended to capture future more nuanced policy spaces.
SPOT Poachers in Action: Augmenting Conservation Drones With Automatic Detection in Near Real Time
Authors: Bondi Elizabeth , Fang Fei , Hamilton Mark , Kar Debarun , Dmello Donnabell , Choi Jongmoo , Hannaford Robert , Iyer Arvind , Joppa Lucas , Tambe Milind , Nevatia Ram
Published: November 2022

The unrelenting threat of poaching has led to increased development of new technologies to combat it. One such example is the use of long wave thermal infrared cameras mounted on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs or drones) to spot poachers at night and report them to park rangers before they are able to harm animals. However, monitoring the live video stream from these conservation UAVs all night is an arduous task. Therefore, we build SPOT (Systematic POacher deTector), a novel application that augments conservation drones with the ability to automatically detect poachers and animals in near real time. SPOT illustrates the feasibility of building upon state-of-the-art AI techniques, such as Faster RCNN, to address the challenges of automatically detecting animals and poachers in infrared images. This paper reports (i) the design and architecture of SPOT, (ii) a series of efforts towards more robust and faster processing to make SPOT usable in the field and provide detections in near real time, and (iii) evaluation of SPOT based on both historical videos and a real-world test run by the end users in the field. The promising results from the test in the field have led to a plan for larger-scale deployment in a national park in Botswana. While SPOT is developed for conservation drones, its design and novel techniques have wider application for automated detection from UAV videos.
Multi-Task Deep Learning for Predicting Poverty From Satellite Images
Authors: Pandey Shailesh , Agarwal Tushar , C. Krishnan Narayanan
Published: November 2022

Estimating economic and developmental parameters such as poverty levels of a region from satellite imagery is a challenging problem that has many applications. We propose a two step approach to predict poverty in a rural region from satellite imagery. First, we engineer a multi-task fully convolutional deep network for simultaneously predicting the material of roof, source of lighting and source of drinking water from satellite images. Second, we use the predicted developmental statistics to estimate poverty. Using full-size satellite imagery as input, and without pre-trained weights, our models are able to learn meaningful features including roads, water bodies and farm lands, and achieve a performance that is close to the optimum. In addition to speeding up the training process, the multi-task fully convolutional model is able to discern task specific and independent feature representations.
Semantic Structure-Based Word Embedding by Incorporating Concept Convergence and Word Divergence
Authors: Liu Qian , Huang Heyan , Zhang Guangquan , Gao Yang , Xuan Junyu , Lu Jie
Published: November 2022

Representing the semantics of words is a fundamental task in text processing. Several research studies have shown that text and knowledge bases (KBs) are complementary sources for word embedding learning. Most existing methods only consider relationships within word-pairs in the usage of KBs. We argue that the structural information of well-organized words within the KBs is able to convey more effective and stable knowledge in capturing semantics of words. In this paper, we propose a semantic structure-based word embedding method, and introduce concept convergence and word divergence to reveal semantic structures in the word embedding learning process. To assess the effectiveness of our method, we use WordNet for training and conduct extensive experiments on word similarity, word analogy, text classification and query expansion. The experimental results show that our method outperforms state-of-the-art methods, including the methods trained solely on the corpus, and others trained on the corpus and the KBs.
BBQ-Networks: Efficient Exploration in Deep Reinforcement Learning for Task-Oriented Dialogue Systems
Authors: Lipton Zachary , Li Xiujun , Gao Jianfeng , Li Lihong , Ahmed Faisal , Deng Li
Published: November 2022

We present a new algorithm that significantly improves the efficiency of exploration for deep Q-learning agents in dialogue systems. Our agents explore via Thompson sampling, drawing Monte Carlo samples from a Bayes-by-Backprop neural network. Our algorithm learns much faster than common exploration strategies such as ε-greedy, Boltzmann, bootstrapping, and intrinsic-reward-based ones. Additionally, we show that spiking the replay buffer with experiences from just a few successful episodes can make Q-learning feasible when it might otherwise fail.
Knowledge Enhanced Hybrid Neural Network for Text Matching
Authors: Wu Yu , Wu Wei , Xu Can , Li Zhoujun
Published: November 2022

Long text brings a big challenge to neural network based text matching approaches due to their complicated structures. To tackle the challenge, we propose a knowledge enhanced hybrid neural network (KEHNN) that leverages prior knowledge to identify useful information and filter out noise in long text and performs matching from multiple perspectives. The model fuses prior knowledge into word representations by knowledge gates and establishes three matching channels with words, sequential structures of text given by Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs), and knowledge enhanced representations. The three channels are processed by a convolutional neural network to generate high level features for matching, and the features are synthesized as a matching score by a multilayer perceptron. In this paper, we focus on exploring the use of taxonomy knowledge for text matching. Evaluation results from extensive experiments on public data sets of question answering and conversation show that KEHNN can significantly outperform state-of-the-art matching models and particularly improve matching accuracy on pairs with long text.
Elastic Responding Machine for Dialog Generation with Dynamically Mechanism Selecting
Authors: Zhou Ganbin , Luo Ping , Xiao Yijun , Lin Fen , Chen Bo , He Qing
Published: November 2022

Neural models aiming at generating meaningful and diverse response is attracting increasing attention over recent years. For a given post, the conventional encoder-decoder models tend to learn high-frequency but trivial responses, or are difficult to determine which speaking styles are suitable to generate responses. To address this issue, we propose the elastic responding machine (ERM), which is based on a proposed encoder-diverter-filter-decoder framework. ERM models the multiple responding mechanisms to not only generate acceptable responses for a given post but also improve the diversity of responses. Here, the mechanisms could be regraded as some latent variables, and for a given post different responses may be generated by different mechanisms. The experiments demonstrate the quality and diversity of the generated responses, intuitively show how the learned model controls response mechanism when responding, and reveal some underlying relationship between mechanism and language style.
Guiding Exploratory Behaviors for Multi-Modal Grounding of Linguistic Descriptions
Authors: Thomason Jesse , Sinapov Jivko , Mooney Raymond , Stone Peter
Published: November 2022

A major goal of grounded language learning research is to enable robots to connect language predicates to a robot's physical interactive perception of the world. Coupling object exploratory behaviors such as grasping, lifting, and looking with multiple sensory modalities (e.g., audio, haptics, and vision) enables a robot to ground non-visual words like ``heavy'' as well as visual words like ``red''. A major limitation of existing approaches to multi-modal language grounding is that a robot has to exhaustively explore training objects with a variety of actions when learning a new such language predicate. This paper proposes a method for guiding a robot's behavioral exploration policy when learning a novel predicate based on known grounded predicates and the novel predicate's linguistic relationship to them. We demonstrate our approach on two datasets in which a robot explored large sets of objects and was tasked with learning to recognize whether novel words applied to those objects.
Cross Temporal Recurrent Networks for Ranking Question Answer Pairs
Authors: Tay Yi , Tuan Luu Anh , Hui Siu Cheung
Published: November 2022

Temporal gates play a significant role in modern recurrent-based neural encoders, enabling fine-grained control over recursive compositional operations over time. In recurrent models such as the long short-term memory (LSTM), temporal gates control the amount of information retained or discarded over time, not only playing an important role in influencing the learned representations but also serving as a protection against vanishing gradients. This paper explores the idea of learning temporal gates for sequence pairs (question and answer), jointly influencing the learned representations in a pairwise manner. In our approach, temporal gates are learned via 1D convolutional layers and then subsequently cross applied across question and answer for joint learning. Empirically, we show that this conceptually simple sharing of temporal gates can lead to competitive performance across multiple benchmarks. Intuitively, what our network achieves can be interpreted as learning representations of question and answer pairs that are aware of what each other is remembering or forgetting, i.e., pairwise temporal gating. Via extensive experiments, we show that our proposed model achieves state-of-the-art performance on two community-based QA datasets and competitive performance on one factoid-based QA dataset.
Learning to Predict Readability Using Eye-Movement Data From Natives and Learners
Authors: González-Garduño Ana , Søgaard Anders
Published: November 2022

Readability assessment can improve the quality of assisting technologies aimed at language learners. Eye-tracking data has been used for both inducing and evaluating general-purpose NLP/AI models, and below we show that unsurprisingly, gaze data from language learners can also improve multi-task readability assessment models. This is unsurprising, since the gaze data records the reading difficulties ofthe learners. Unfortunately, eye-tracking data from language learners is often much harder to obtain than eye-tracking data from native speakers. We therefore compare the performance of deep learning readability models that use nativespeaker eye movement data to models using data from language learners. Somewhat surprisingly, we observe no significant drop in performance when replacing learners with natives, making approaches that rely on native speaker gaze information, more scalable. In other words, our finding is that language learner difficulties can be efficiently estimated from native speakers, which suggests that, more generally, readily available gaze data can be used to improve educational NLP/AI models targeted towards language learners.
Asynchronous Bidirectional Decoding for Neural Machine Translation
Authors: Zhang Xiangwen , Su Jinsong , Qin Yue , Liu Yang , Ji Rongrong , Wang Hongji
Published: November 2022

The dominant neural machine translation (NMT) models apply unified attentional encoder-decoder neural networks for translation. Traditionally, the NMT decoders adopt recurrent neural networks (RNNs) to perform translation in a left-to-right manner, leaving the target-side contexts generated from right to left unexploited during translation. In this paper, we equip the conventional attentional encoder-decoder NMT framework with a backward decoder, in order to explore bidirectional decoding for NMT. Attending to the hidden state sequence produced by the encoder, our backward decoder first learns to generate the target-side hidden state sequence from right to left. Then, the forward decoder performs translation in the forward direction, while in each translation prediction timestep, it simultaneously applies two attention models to consider the source-side and reverse target-side hidden states, respectively. With this new architecture, our model is able to fully exploit source- and target-side contexts to improve translation quality altogether. Experimental results on NIST Chinese-English and WMT English-German translation tasks demonstrate that our model achieves substantial improvements over the conventional NMT by 3.14 and 1.38 BLEU points, respectively. The source code of this work can be obtained from https://github.com/DeepLearnXMU/ABDNMT.
Deconvolutional Latent-Variable Model for Text Sequence Matching
Authors: Shen Dinghan , Zhang Yizhe , Henao Ricardo , Su Qinliang , Carin Lawrence
Published: November 2022

A latent-variable model is introduced for text matching, inferring sentence representations by jointly optimizing generative and discriminative objectives. To alleviate typical optimization challenges in latent-variable models for text, we employ deconvolutional networks as the sequence decoder (generator), providing learned latent codes with more semantic information and better generalization. Our model, trained in an unsupervised manner, yields stronger empirical predictive performance than a decoder based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), with less parameters and considerably faster training. Further, we apply it to text sequence-matching problems. The proposed model significantly outperforms several strong sentence-encoding baselines, especially in the semi-supervised setting.
Sentence Ordering and Coherence Modeling using Recurrent Neural Networks
Authors: Logeswaran Lajanugen , Lee Honglak , Radev Dragomir
Published: November 2022

Modeling the structure of coherent texts is a key NLP problem. The task of coherently organizing a given set of sentences has been commonly used to build and evaluate models that understand such structure. We propose an end-to-end unsupervised deep learning approach based on the set-to-sequence framework to address this problem. Our model strongly outperforms prior methods in the order discrimination task and a novel task of ordering abstracts from scientific articles. Furthermore, our work shows that useful text representations can be obtained by learning to order sentences. Visualizing the learned sentence representations shows that the model captures high-level logical structure in paragraphs. Our representations perform comparably to state-of-the-art pre-training methods on sentence similarity and paraphrase detection tasks.
Jointly Parse and Fragment Ungrammatical Sentences
Authors: B. Hashemi Homa , Hwa Rebecca
Published: November 2022

This paper is about detecting incorrect arcs in a dependency parse for sentences that contain grammar mistakes. Pruning these arcs results in well-formed parse fragments that can still be useful for downstream applications. We propose two automatic methods that jointly parse the ungrammatical sentence and prune the incorrect arcs: a parser retrained on a parallel corpus of ungrammatical sentences with their corrections, and a sequence-to-sequence method. Experimental results show that the proposed strategies are promising for detecting incorrect syntactic dependencies as well as incorrect semantic dependencies.
Neural Character-level Dependency Parsing for Chinese
Authors: Li Haonan , Zhang Zhisong , Ju Yuqi , Zhao Hai
Published: November 2022

This paper presents a truly full character-level neural dependency parser together with a newly released character-level dependency treebank for Chinese, which has suffered a lot from the dilemma of defining word or not to model character interactions. Integrating full character-level dependencies with character embedding and human annotated character-level part-of-speech and dependency labels for the first time, we show an extra performance enhancement from the evaluation on Chinese Penn Treebank and SJTU (Shanghai Jiao Tong University) Chinese Character Dependency Treebank and the potential of better understanding deeper structure of Chinese sentences.
MODEL DEVELOPMENT AND PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC-THERMOELECTRIC SYSTEM BY INTEGRATING AND OPTIMIZING PHASE CHANGE MATERIALS
Authors: Jiang Rui , Li Ming-Jia , Wang Wen-Qi , Li Meng-Jie
Published: November 2022

Integrating phase change materials (PCMs) with concentrated photovoltaic-thermoelectric (PV-TE) systems can effectively control the interface temperature between PV and TE components and improve the full solar-spectrum utilization efficiency. However, since the structure of photovoltaic-phase change material-thermoelectric (PV-PCM-TE) systems is complex and the temperatures among the components are coupled and affect each other, the photo-thermal-electric conversion characteristics under the actual physical properties need to be analyzed by a more detailed model, and the suitable operating conditions for PV-PCM-TE systems remain clear. There is still a lack of the method for improving the system performance. Therefore, a three-dimensional transient model is established herein by combining the Monte Carlo ray-tracing method and finite volume method to simulate the complex energy conversion processes of the PV-PCM-TE system. Based on this, performances of PV-PCM-TE, PV-TE, and PV systems are compared under different operating conditions, and the applicable conditions for PV-PCM-TE systems are analyzed. Then effects of key parameters of the phase change module are investigated. In the end, to further improve the system performance, a partition screening method of PCM is proposed considering the nonuniform solar radiation on photovoltaic surfaces, and the selection and layout area of PCMs are optimized. The results present that the applicable operating conditions are low concentration ratio (< 20) and low heat transfer coefficient (< 20 W·m-2·K-1). In terms of structural parameters, the system power generation is most significantly affected by the width. In terms of PCM physical properties, it is most affected by the PCM density, followed by latent heat. For different concentration ratios, there are different optimal melting points to achieve the highest power generation. The proposed PCM partition screening method can efficaciously control PV-TE interface temperature, and reduce photovoltaic cells' temperature by 47°C. The system efficiency can be increased by 4.8% and 4.2% after the optimization compared with that of the single PV cell and the traditional PV-TE system, respectively.
Evaluation of polyethylene pipe–sandy soil interaction subjected to strike-slip faulting
Authors: Azin Milad , Roudsari Mehrzad Tahamouli
Published: November 2022

Pipelines are simulated in the form of a continuous beam resting on a collection of linear springs. The relationships put forth by the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) guidelines are commonly used to derive the specifications of the spring elements. Some recent studies have suggested that these relationships are accompanied by a certain degree of inaccuracy. In this study, two full-scale tests were carried out on polyethylene pipes (with diameters of 120.5 and 214 mm) buried in sandy soil. The displacement of the pipe along its length was recorded throughout the entire test. Then, using the Abaqus finite-element software package and an optimisation algorithm developed in the Matlab software, a modelling approach was adopted so that the properties of the equivalent linear springs simulating the soil could be determined. In this way, the displacements obtained from the experiments would have the highest level of congruence with the values derived from the numerical simulations. Using this approach, the initial stiffness and the maximum force resulting from the pipe–soil interaction were computed and compared with the values given by the ASCE and American Lifelines Alliance (ALA) guidelines. The results showed that for a polyethylene pipe at the condition of strike-slip faulting, these values were much smaller than the values put forth by ASCE and ALA.
Para promover la vida, la salud y la paz
Authors: Franco Saúl
Published: November 2022

La promoción de la salud –PS– no está casada con ningún sistema o modelo particular de salud. En algunos puede germinar mejor que en otros. Pero en todos, aun en el colombiano, puede encontrar espacios, instaurar prácticas, e inclusive, contribuir a su implosión.
Centrado en la atención de las enfermedades, por sus réditos económicos, el sistema de salud y seguridad social –SSSS– vigente en Colombia subvaloró la prevención. Y ni qué decir de la PS, cuyo nombre cooptó para denominar impropiamente a las empresas –EPS– que se encargarían de administrar y hacer funcionar el negocio, y terminarían por apropiarse no sólo de buena parte de los recursos aportados al sector, sino también de imponer las reglas del juego a la medida de sus intereses.
¿Podríamos atrevernos a desear un mundo mejor y a trabajar en su construcción?
Authors: Martínez Salgado Carolina
Published: November 2022

La enfermedad es una de las condiciones de existencia de nuestra especie: los humanos no podemos escapar a los límites de nuestro basamento biológico. Pero los problemas de salud con los que la población lidia en cada época de su historia, no surgen de la nada. Tampoco son el resultado del simple desarrollo natural e ineludible de los acontecimientos.

La epidemiología plantea que las enfermedades son el resultado de complejas interacciones entre las características innatas de las personas, genéticamente determinadas, y las condiciones del entorno ambiental en el que transcurre su vida. La epidemiología social ha reunido suficiente evidencia para mostrar que la configuración de los perfiles de daños a la salud de las poblaciones es extremadamente sensible a las características de cada sociedad, y a la ubicación que en ella tienen sus integrantes.

Pero las perspectivas epidemiológicas más críticas nos han ayudado a comprender que no basta con admitir que los problemas de salud de las poblaciones humanas guardan una estrecha relación con el mundo en el que transcurre su vida, para cambiar los graves efectos que en ello tienen las ‘elecciones’ que como civilización hemos hecho. Para lograrlo haría falta algo mucho más radical: movernos, como civilización, en una nueva dirección. Sólo que dilucidar cuál es esa dirección no resulta sencillo. ¿Hacia dónde tendríamos que dirigirnos en la búsqueda de mejores condiciones para la salud?. Una pregunta así no podría responderse sin considerar la abrumadora complejidad del mundo del cual forman parte los fenómenos a cuya comprensión pretendemos acercarnos. Pero tampoco encontraría respuestas posibles si abdicáramos de nuestra capacidad para imaginar otro orden de cosas, para desear un mundo distinto y para trabajar en su construcción.
Condición física funcional de adultos mayores de Centros Día, vida, promoción y protección integral, Manizales
Authors: Castellanos Ruiz Julialba , Gómez Gómez Diana Eugenia , Guerrero Mendieta Claudia Marcela
Published: November 2022

Objetivo: Determinar la condición física funcional de adultos mayores de los Centros Día, Centros Vida y Centros de Promoción Protección Integral al Adulto Mayor del área urbana del municipio de Manizales. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal, descriptivo, comparativo; evaluó variables de condición física funcional: fuerza muscular, flexibilidad, resistencia aeróbica, equilibrio y agilidad e índice de masa corporal; análisis de datos univariado y bivariado, procesamiento mediante programa estadístico SPSS®, versión 22, licenciado por Universidad Autónoma de Manizales. Resultados: Edad promedio 74,13 ± 8,18 hombres y 71,2 ± 7,02 mujeres. Un 78,7% de mujeres practican actividad física 3 a 4 veces por semana y solo 21,3% de hombres lo hace. En Centros Día hay asociación estadísticamente significativa entre resistencia aeróbica y frecuencia de actividad física, con magnitud de fuerza de asociación nula 0,02. Al aplicar el Chi-cuadrado se encuentra asociación estadísticamente significativa entre género y fuerza de MMII: 0,103, y de MMSS, con fuerza de asociación nula: 0,124. Conclusiones: La condición física funcional, en los participantes de Centros Día y Centros Vida mostró mayor compromiso de flexibilidad en miembros superiores; Centros de Promoción y Protección se evidenció compromiso de flexibilidad de miembros superiores e inferiores, fuerza muscular de miembros inferiores, resistencia aeróbica, equilibrio y agilidad. Índice de masa corporal en Centros de Promoción y Protección tiende a clasificarse como peso insuficiente; Centros Día peso normal, seguido por sobrepeso y obesidad; Centros Vida distribución similar entre peso normal y sobrepeso, que puede relacionarse con hábitos, estilos de vida y condiciones de salud asociadas.
Vivienda saludable en contextos de explotación aurífera: el caso de tres municipios del occidente antioqueño
Authors: Hoyos López Alejandra , Rúa Vásquez Uisa Fernanda , Manco Lorena , Machado Máxima , Pérez Margarita , Agudelo Ruth Marina
Published: November 2022

La minería de oro es una actividad muy importante para la economía colombiana, y de la cual se conocen significativos impactos ambientales y sociales; entre ellos, la vulnerabilidad de una vivienda que brinde refugio y sea factor protector para sus habitantes, en medio de un contexto condicionado por esta actividad. Objetivo: Identificar las condiciones socioambientales y sanitarias en viviendas y su entorno cercano a sitios de explotación aurífera, según la categoría de “vivienda saludable” de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS). Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal, realizado en cinco veredas de tres municipios del Occidente antioqueño (Colombia) en el año 2016. Aplicando como instrumentos la guía de observación y encuesta familiar de la Estrategia de vivienda saludable de la OPS, respondida por el jefe de hogar, en una muestra de 88 hogares y sus 380 habitantes distribuidos en las veredas seleccionadas y directamente relacionadas con la explotación aurífera. Se realizó el análisis estadístico, uni-variado y bi-variado de acuerdo con los objetivos del estudio, haciendo uso del software IBM SPSS Statistics 21 licenciado para la Universidad de Antioquia. Resultados: Se identificó poca accesibilidad a servicios como agua potable, transporte, educación y salud, acompañados de un manejo de residuos sólidos y vertimientos líquidos poco controlado. Conclusiones: En estos contextos, existe una necesidad de mejorar las condiciones para una vivienda saludable de acuerdo con los lineamientos de la OPS, aunque no haya una relación causal directa por la actividad económica desarrollada.
Barreras a la expresión del sufrimiento en personas con esclerosis múltiple de Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Lopera Vásquez Juan Pablo
Published: November 2022

Objetivo: Comprender las barreras a la expresión del sufrimiento, que encuentran algunas personas con esclerosis múltiple, atendidas en el Instituto Neurológico de Colombia de Medellín. Materiales y método: Estudio basado en un paradigma construccionista y hermenéutico, con enfoque narrativo, de tipo polifónico, en el que durante los años 2015 y 2016, se entrevistaron a profundidad a cinco personas con esclerosis múltiple, dos de sus cuidadores y dos profesionales tratantes. Se construyó una narración polifónica para cada participante, se analizaron sus historias de vida y se extrajeron relatos en los que se aprecia exigencia social y personal de ocultar sus sufrimientos. Resultados: En estos relatos se evidenció un pedido constante de fortaleza ante sus dificultades y una tendencia a mostrar que pueden continuar realizando sus actividades cotidianas como lo hacían antes de enfermar, pese al aumento de la discapacidad. Eso se aprecia igualmente en los relatos de sus cuidadores, quienes también ocultan sus sentimientos y el desgaste generados en la labor de cuidar. Conclusiones: Estos pedidos de fortaleza pueden deberse a la tendencia contemporánea de sobrevalorar la tenacidad personal y de buscar constantemente el bienestar y la felicidad, lo cual conlleva una exigencia de mostrarse como individuos capaces en todo momento. Ante esa situación, de quienes presentan condiciones discapacitantes, como la esclerosis múltiple, se espera que sean ejemplo de superación de las adversidades, lo cual refleja un rechazo cultural del sufrimiento y a aceptar la fragilidad humana. Esta situación puede constituirse en un estigma hacia las personas con esclerosis múltiple.
Prevención de infecciones respiratorias en instituciones de atención integral en el Norte de Santander.
Authors: París Pineda Olga María , Castillo Ortega Nohora Liliana , Calvo Betancur Víctor Daniel , Ordoñez Mendoza Yazmín Paola , Álvarez Rey Nohora Elizabeth , Valderrama Rodríguez María Claudia
Published: November 2022

Objetivo: prevenir infecciones respiratorias agudas en instituciones de atención integral mediante la implementación del programa “Sonríele a la ternura: Educación y salud de la mano por la primera infancia”. Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional descriptivo con enfoque mixto en 40 instituciones estatales del departamento de Norte de Santander con la participación de agentes educativos, padres de familia, personal administrativo, niñas y niños. Se diseñaron acciones para la implementación del programa como talleres, seminarios, dramatizaciones, funciones de títeres, consultorías y capacitaciones. Se entregaron folletos, afiches y adhesivos con base en las prácticas clave de la estrategia de atención integrada a las enfermedades de la infancia. Resultados: se beneficiaron 1331 padres de familia, 242 agentes educativos, 108 colaboradores administrativos y 4781 infantes; “La práctica clave de saneamiento” demostró ser herramienta indispensable para la prevención de la infección respiratoria aguda. Conclusión: se evidenciaron conductas para el control de factores de riesgo modificables de infecciones respiratorias que permitieron sensibilizar a la población sobre la adopción de medidas y prácticas saludables.
El promotor de la salud institucional en México : su mirada desde su campo laboral.
Authors: González Vargas Yaneli , Salinas Urbina Addis Abeba
Published: November 2022

Objetivo: este artículo tiene el propósito de evidenciar las concepciones de los promotores de salud institucionales, respecto a su campo de trabajo, analizando el habitus en el que están inmersos, en un modelo centrado en lo biológico. Es precisamente la Promoción de la Salud la principal estrategia mediante la cual los gobiernos proponen garantizar el derecho humano a la salud. No obstante, el personal que labora en la Secretaría de Salud se encuentra inmerso en un sistema médico hegemónico que dificulta, por varias razones, el desempeño de sus funciones. Materiales y métodos: se trata de una investigación cualitativa, se realizaron 13 entrevistas a profundidad a personal de ambos sexos, del área de promoción de la salud, que laboran en unidades de primer nivel de atención en el estado de Veracruz, México. Resultados: en el análisis de contenido surgieron cinco categorías básicas que evidencian cómo el promotor de salud institucional concibe el rol que desempeña en su campo laboral, las relaciones jerárquicas que se imponen, así como las desventajas del rol que desempeña en los servicios de salud. Conclusiones: los hallazgos obtenidos permiten visualizar la forma en que los promotores llevan a cabo y conceptualizan la promoción de la salud.
Harnessing the use of alternative media for South Africa’s agricultural extension service delivery in the face of the covid-19 global pandemic
Authors: Yusuf S.F.G. , Popoola O.O. , Yusuf F.T.O.
Published: November 2022

Agricultural extension service delivery remains pivotal in disseminating contemporary and innovative agricultural information, and the training and capacity building of farmers; all of which are critical to increased farmer productivity. There are several agricultural extension methods used by extension field officers to engage their target farmers; some of the contact methods used, like the individual and group methods amongst others, necessitates close interactions between both parties. As such, physical contact between persons cannot be avoided. In the current spate of COVID-19 threats to global health, there is a possible risk of human-to-human transmission of the disease. Some temporary measures like social distancing and the ban of gatherings are currently utilised by many countries to mitigate the rapid spread of the virus. The findings of several research reports showed that these restrictions negatively impacted agricultural extension service deliveries. This paper, therefore, reviewed alternative media delivery mechanisms as a probable palliative measure in sustaining the continuous delivery of agricultural information to farmers. The paper recommends intensifying the use of the electronic extension (E-extension) system. The mobile and computer/web-based platforms should be significantly harnessed (where applicable), while concurrently promoting the intense use of print media, radio, television, agricultural documentaries and instructional videos.
Clinical academic staffing levels at a South African dental school
Authors: Mthethwa S Rocky
Published: November 2022

The inadequacy and skewed distribution of oral health personnel in South Africa are well-documented. Surprisingly, the staffing levels at dental schools have not previously been described. To determine the number of full-time equivalent clinical academic staff working at the dental school of the Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University for the five-year period 2015 to 2019.A retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study. Data related to the demographic characteristics and employment types of clinical academic staff working at the dental school between January 2015 and December 2019 were acquired from annual reports, payroll records and school calendars and used to calculate full-time equivalents (FTE) by academic ranks and specialties. Females and Black general dental practitioners at lecturer level constituted the majority of staff. FTE of staff at lecturer level increased sharply between 2016 and 2017 (52.7 FTE vs 65.9 FTE respectively) and have since graduall declined. FTEs of staff at senior lecturer (15.8FTE vs 12.1FTE) and professorial (7.8 FTE vs 5.3FTE) levels have continued to decline. FTEs of staff working in the majority of specialties have decreased while staffing levels in Prosthodontics and Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery have increased. Staffing levels declined between 2015 and 2019
In vitro antibacterial activity of three root canal sealers against Enterococcus Faecalis
Authors: Mukorera Tafadzwa Fraderick , Ahmed Suwayda , Mabuza Ernest , Kimmie-Dhansay Faheema
Published: November 2022

The antibacterial activity of root canal sealers may contribute to the eradication of remaining bacteria in root canals following canal shaping and debridement. The aim of the study is to assess the antimicrobial effect of 3 endodontic sealers: Sealapex™, EndoREZ™ and Guttaflow bioseal™ against Enterococcus faecalis. This was a laboratory-based comparative study testing the antimicrobial activity of three endodontic sealers against Enterococcus faecalis. The endodontic sealers were tested unset 20 minutes after mixing and after setting. Testing after setting enabled the assessment of the antimicrobial activity of aged sealers after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. A total of 150 samples were used for the study. The tested sealers were divided into 3 groups: • Group 1 (EndoREZ™) n = 45 plates, n = 5 control plates. • Group 2 (Guttaflow bioseal™) n = 45, n = 5 control plates. • Group 3 (Sealapex™) n = 45, n = 5 control plates. All the materials exhibited some activity against the bacteria. The overall greatest antibacterial activity can be seen by Guttaflow bioseal™ (4.46, 0.01) on day 21, followed by Sealapex™ (5.12, 0.05) on day 7 and EndoREZ™ (6.37,0.08) on day 14. Under the conditions of this study all the endodontic sealers exhibited some antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis with different behaviour patterns at different times.