bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dimethoate‐induced oxidative stress in human erythrocytes and the protective effect of Vitamins C and E in vitro
Authors: Abdallah Fatma Ben , Gargouri Bochra , Bejaoui Hafedh , Lassoued Saloua , Ammar‐Keskes Leila
Published: January 2010

Organophosphorus insecticides may induce oxidative stress leading to the generation of free radicals and alteration in the antioxidant system. The aim of this study was to examine the potency of Dimethoate (Dim) to induce oxidative stress response in human erythrocyte in vitro and the role of Vitamins C (Vit C) and E (Vit E) in alleviating the cytotoxic effects. Erythrocytes were divided into three groups. The first group, erythrocytes were incubated for 4 h at 37°C with different concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mM) of Dim. The second and third groups were preincubated with Vit C or Vit E, respectively, for 30 min and followed by Dim incubation for 4 h at 37°C. Following in vitro exposure, Dim caused a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in erythrocytes at different concentrations. Vit E or Vit C pretreated erythrocytes showed a significant protection against the cytotoxic effects inducted by Dim on the studied parameters. In conclusion, antioxidant Vit E and C could protect against Dim‐induced oxidative stress by decreasing lipid peroxidation and hyperactivity of SOD and CAT in human erythrocytes. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 2011.
Mononuclear Complexes of Platinum Group Metals Containing η6‐ and η5‐Cyclic Π‐Perimeter Hydrocarbon and Pyridylpyrazolyl Derivatives: Syntheses and Structural Studies
Authors: Gupta Gajendra , Zheng Chong , Wang Peng , Rao Kollipara Mohan
Published: January 2010

Piano‐stool‐shaped platinum group metal compounds, stable in the solid state and in solution, which are based on 2‐(5‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐yl)pyridine (L) with the formulas [(η6‐arene)Ru(L)Cl]PF6 {arene = C6H6 (1), p‐cymene (2), and C6Me6, (3)}, [(η6‐C5Me5)M(L)Cl]PF6 {M = Rh (4), Ir (5)}, and [(η5‐C5H5)Ru(PPh3)(L)]PF6 (6), [(η5‐C5H5)Os(PPh3)(L)]PF6 (7), [(η5‐C5Me5)Ru(PPh3)(L)]PF6 (8), and [(η5‐C9H7)Ru(PPh3)(L)]PF6 (9) were prepared by a general method and characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The molecular structures of compounds 4 and 5 were established by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. In each compound the metal is connected to N1 and N11 in a k2 manner.
Publishing a Master's Thesis: A Guide for Novice Authors
Authors: Resta Robert G. , McCarthy Veach Patricia , Charles Sarah , Vogel Kristen , Blase Terri , Palmer Christina G. S.
Published: January 2010

Publication of original research, clinical experiences, and critical reviews of literature are vital to the growth of the genetic counseling field, delivery of genetic counseling services, and professional development of genetic counselors. Busy clinical schedules, lack of time and funding, and training that emphasizes clinical skills over research skills may make it difficult for new genetic counselors to turn their thesis projects into publications. This paper summarizes and elaborates upon a presentation aimed at de‐mystifying the publishing process given at the 2008 National Society of Genetic Counselors Annual Education Conference. Specific topics include familiarizing prospective authors, particularly genetic counseling students, with the basics of the publication process and related ethical considerations. Former students’ experiences with publishing master's theses also are described in hopes of encouraging new genetic counselors to submit for publication papers based on their thesis projects.
Bewältigung chronischer Erkrankungen – zur Theoriediskussion
Authors: Schaeffer Doris
Published: January 2010

Einleitung

Ziel des Artikels ist es einen Überblick über die in den letzten Jahrzehnten geführte Theoriediskussion über chronische Krankheiten und mit ihnen verbundenen Bewältigungsanforderungen zu geben und aktuelle Entwicklungsherausforderungen aufzuzeigen. Eine Neubelebung des Theoriediskurses wird als die dringlichste angesehen.
Compliance bei chronischen Krankheiten – Zusammenhang zum Gesundheitssystem
Authors: Loss Julika , Thanner Mirjam , Nagel Eckhard
Published: January 2010

Einleitung

Probleme der Therapietreue (Compliance) bei chronisch Kranken treten häufig auf. Sie beeinträchtigen die Versorgungsqualität und verursachen erhebliche Kosten. Dass auch das Gesundheitssystem die Compliance beeinflussen kann, wird erst seit einigen Jahren diskutiert. Zuzahlungen, Substitution von Originalpräparaten oder Wartezeiten bei Arztterminen mindern vermutlich die Compliance. Versorgungskonzepte wie Case Management, Hausarzt-Modelle oder Telemedizin haben Potenzial, die Therapietreue zu verbessern.
Irish English
Authors: Hickey Raymond
Published: January 2010

English has been spoken in Ireland for over 800 years, making Irish English the oldest variety of the language outside Britain. This 2007 book traces the development of English in Ireland, both north and south, from the late Middle Ages to the present day. Drawing on authentic data ranging from medieval literature to authentic contemporary examples, it reveals how Irish English arose, how it has developed, and how it continues to change. A variety of central issues are considered in detail, such as the nature of language contact and the shift from Irish to English, the sociolinguistically motivated changes in present-day Dublin English, the special features of Ulster Scots, and the transportation of Irish English to overseas locations as diverse as Canada, the United States, and Australia. Presenting a comprehensive survey of Irish English at all levels of linguistics, this book will be invaluable to historical linguists, sociolinguists, syntacticians and phonologists alike.
A First Course of Homological Algebra
Authors: Northcott D. G.
Published: January 2010

Based on a series of lectures given at Sheffield during 1971–72, this text is designed to introduce the student to homological algebra avoiding the elaborate machinery usually associated with the subject. This book presents a number of important topics and develops the necessary tools to handle them on an ad hoc basis. The final chapter contains some previously unpublished material and will provide additional interest both for the keen student and his tutor. Some easily proven results and demonstrations are left as exercises for the reader and additional exercises are included to expand the main themes. Solutions are provided to all of these. A short bibliography provides references to other publications in which the reader may follow up the subjects treated in the book. Graduate students will find this an invaluable course text as will those undergraduates who come to this subject in their final year.
Equivocal Feminists
Authors: Hunt Karen
Published: January 2010

This 1996 book takes a look at the relationship between socialism and feminism in the years before the First World War through a detailed examination of the Social Democratic Federation (SDF), Britain's first Marxist party. It reassesses the history of the SDF, exploring for the first time SDF ideas and practice on issues such as marriage and 'free love', women and work, and the suffrage, as well as the attitudes taken to women and their potential as socialists. Dr Hunt shows how the SDF came to officially equivocate on the woman question and how this shaped what it meant to be a socialist woman in the following years. Through this fascinating examination of the links and antagonisms between the feminist and socialist movements, Dr Hunt not only reclaims the history of a forgotten group of socialist women, but also sheds light on the perennial debate about the comparative significance of sex and class in defining political identity.
Handshake Circuits
Authors: Berkel Kees van , Rem Martin
Published: January 2010

'Design by programming' has proved very successful in the development of complex software systems. This book describes the construction of programs for VLSI digital circuit design, using the language Tangram, and shows how they can be compiled automatically in fully asynchronous circuits. Handshake circuits were invented by the author to separate questions involving the efficient implementation of the VLSI circuits from issues arising in their design. Dr van Berkel presents a mathematical theory of handshake circuits and a silicon compiler supported by a correctness proof. The treatment of VLSI realizations of handshake circuits includes various forms of optimization, handshake refinement, message encoding, circuit initialization, and testing. The approach is illustrated with a host of examples drawn from a wide range of application areas. The book will be of use to electrical engineers and computer scientists involved in VLSI design.
Globalising Australian Capitalism
Authors: Catley Bob
Published: January 2010

This book tells the story of Australia's integration into the international economy. It traces the Australian economy from Federation to its inevitable downturn in the 1970s and assesses the current state of play as Australia struggles under the pressures of economic globalisation. Bob Catley argues that the insistent protection of domestic commodity industries has left Australia tied to slow growth industries at the expense of expanding the manufactured goods and services industries which now make up the bulk of world trade. Topics include the inadequacies of the dirigiste dual economy, the necessary rise of economic rationalism, demographic and geographic repercussions of globalisation, and the implications for Australian international relations of the emerging power of the Asia-Pacific region. Catley argues that structural changes are still required to ensure a competitive Australian economy in the world market.
Friedrich Schiller
Authors: Sharpe Lesley
Published: January 2010

In this important study, Lesley Sharpe assesses Schiller's development as a dramatist, poet and thinker, and provides detailed discussions of all his major works, including his essays on aesthetics. His works are viewed against the social, political and literary background of the late eighteenth century. Spanning a period from the late 1770s to 1805 they explore the insistent themes of the age - the loss of tradition and authority, the individual's claim to self-expression and the search for stability. While the early works focus on the turbulent individual, Schiller later turns to the great public concerns of the French Revolutionary era - legitimacy and power, the exercise of freedom and the relationship between morality and politics. The aesthetic essays explore the vital role of art in integrating the aesthetic, moral and political realms.
From Classical to Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Esposito Giampiero , Marmo Giuseppe , Sudarshan George
Published: January 2010

This 2004 textbook provides a pedagogical introduction to the formalism, foundations and applications of quantum mechanics. Part I covers the basic material which is necessary to understand the transition from classical to wave mechanics. Topics include classical dynamics, with emphasis on canonical transformations and the Hamilton-Jacobi equation, the Cauchy problem for the wave equation, Helmholtz equation and eikonal approximation, introduction to spin, perturbation theory and scattering theory. The Weyl quantization is presented in Part II, along with the postulates of quantum mechanics. Part III is devoted to topics such as statistical mechanics and black-body radiation, Lagrangian and phase-space formulations of quantum mechanics, and the Dirac equation. This book is intended for use as a textbook for beginning graduate and advanced undergraduate courses. It is self-contained and includes problems to aid the reader's understanding.
Friendship in the Classical World
Authors: Konstan David
Published: January 2010

This book – the only history of friendship in classical antiquity that exists in English – examines the nature of friendship in Greece and Rome from Homer to the Christian Roman Empire of the fourth century AD. Friendship is conceived of as a voluntary and loving relationship, but there are major shifts in emphasis from the bonding among warriors in epic poetry, to the egalitarian ties characteristic of the Athenian democracy, the status-conscious connections in Rome and the Hellenistic kingdoms, and the commitment to a universal love among Christian writers. Friendship is also examined in relation to erotic love and comradeship, for its role in politics and economic life, in philosophical and religious communities, in connection with patronage and the private counsellors of kings, and in respect to women. Its relation to modern friendship is also fully discussed.
Innovative Conceptual Design
Authors: Kroll Ehud , Condoor Sridhar S. , Jansson David G.
Published: January 2010

Conceptual design, along with need identification and analysis, make up the initial stage of the design process. Need analysis transforms the often vague statement of a design task into a set of design requirements. Conceptual design encompasses the generation of concepts and integration into system-level solutions, leading to a relatively detailed design. This 2001 book is devoted to the crucial initial stage of engineering design. In particular, it focuses on parameter analysis, a methodology that leads the user through the design process, helping to identify critical issues (parameters) of the design and propose configuration-specific solutions. To illustrate the principles discussed, the authors present numerous examples and a variety of real-world case studies. The emphasis throughout is on innovation. This useful text will appeal to advanced undergraduate and graduate students, as well as practising engineers, architects, and product development managers.
Genetics, Paleontology, and Macroevolution
Authors: Levinton Jeffrey S.
Published: January 2010

An engaging area of biology for more than a century, the study of macroevolution continues to offer profound insight into our understanding of the tempo of evolution and of the evolution of biological diversity. What regulates biological diversity and its historical development? Can it be explained by natural selection alone? Has geologic history regulated the tempo of diversification? This expanded and updated 2001 second edition offers a comprehensive look at macroevolution and its underpinnings, with a primary emphasis on animal evolution. From a Neodarwinian point of view, it integrates evolutionary processes at all levels to explain the diversity of animal life. It examines a wide range of topics including genetics and speciation, development and evolution, the constructional and functional aspects of form, fossil lineages, and systematics, and it takes a hard look at the Cambrian explosion. Researchers and graduate students will find this book a most comprehensive examination of macroevolution.
Foundations of Quantum Group Theory
Authors: Majid Shahn
Published: January 2010

Now in paperback, this is a graduate level text for theoretical physicists and mathematicians which systematically lays out the foundations for the subject of Quantum Groups in a clear and accessible way. The topic is developed in a logical manner with quantum groups (Hopf Algebras) treated as mathematical objects in their own right. After formal definitions and basic theory, the book goes on to cover such topics as quantum enveloping algebras, matrix quantum groups, combinatorics, cross products of various kinds, the quantum double, the semiclassical theory of Poisson-Lie groups, the representation theory, braided groups and applications to q-deformed physics. Explicit proofs and many examples will allow the reader quickly to pick up the techniques needed for working in this exciting new field.
Industrial Mathematics
Authors: Fulford Glenn R. , Broadbridge Philip
Published: January 2010

The focus in this text is on mathematical modelling stimulated by contemporary industrial problems involving heat conduction and mass diffusion. These include continuous metal casting, laser drilling, spontaneous combustion of industrial waste, water filtration and crop irrigation. The industrial problems prove to be an excellent setting for the introduction and reinforcement of modelling skills, equation solving techniques, qualitative understanding of partial differential equations and their dynamical properties. Mathematical topics include setting up partial differential equations and boundary conditions, dimensional analysis, scaling, perturbation expansions, boundary value problems, Fourier series, symmetry reductions, Stefan problems and bifurcations. For students of mathematics, engineering, or any other related discipline, this will be a great introduction to modelling the real world.
The German Aesthetic Tradition
Authors: Hammermeister Kai
Published: January 2010

This book, first published in 2002, is a systematic critical overview of German aesthetics from 1750 to the present. It begins with the work of Baumgarten and covers all the major writers on German aesthetics that follow, including Kant, Schiller, Schelling, Hegel, Nietzsche, Heidegger, Gadamer and Adorno. The book offers a clear and non-technical exposition of ideas, placing these in a wider philosophical context where necessary. Such is the importance of German aesthetics that the market for this book will extend far beyond the domain of philosophy to such fields as literary studies, fine art and music.
Global IT Outsourcing
Authors: Sahay Sundeep , Nicholson Brian , Krishna S.
Published: January 2010

This book offers key insights into how to manage software development across international boundaries. It is based on a series of case studies looking at the relationships between firms from North America, the UK, Japan and Korea with Indian software houses. In these case studies, which have typically been compiled over a 3-4 year timespan, the authors analyse the multi-faceted challenges encountered in managing these Global Software Alliances (GSAs). These challenges range from the conflicts that managers face when dealing with distance, to the tensions of transferring knowledge across time and space, to issues in trying to establish universal standards in a context of constant change, and the problems of identity that developers and clients experience in having to deal with different organizations and countries. Throughout the book, the authors draw on their extensive research and experience to offer constructive advice on how to manage GSAs more effectively.
Governing the Firm
Authors: Dow Gregory K.
Published: January 2010

Most large firms are controlled by shareholders, who choose the board of directors and can replace the firm's management. In rare instances, however, control over the firm rests with the workforce. Many explanations for the rarity of workers' control have been offered, but there have been few attempts to assess these hypotheses in a systematic way. This book draws upon economic theory, statistical evidence, and case studies to frame an explanation. The fundamental idea is that labor is inalienable, while capital can be freely transferred from one person to another. This implies that worker-controlled firms typically face financing problems, encounter collective choice dilemmas, and have difficulty creating markets for control positions within the firm. Together these factors can account for much of what is known about the incidence, behavior, and design of worker-controlled firms. A policy proposal to encourage employee buyouts is developed in the concluding chapter.
The Improvisation of Musical Dialogue
Authors: Benson Bruce Ellis
Published: January 2010

This book is an important contribution to the philosophy of music. Whereas most books in this field focus on the creation and reproduction of music, Bruce Benson's concern is the phenomenology of music making as an activity. He offers the radical thesis that it is improvisation that is primary in the moment of music making. Succinct and lucid, the book brings together a wide range of musical examples from classical music, jazz, early music and other genres. It offers a rich tapestry incorporating both analytic and continental philosophy, musicology and performance-practice issues. It will be a provocative read for philosophers of art and musicologists and, because it eschews technicality, should appeal to general readers, especially those who perform.
The Grammar of Society
Authors: Bicchieri Cristina
Published: January 2010

In The Grammar of Society, first published in 2006, Cristina Bicchieri examines social norms, such as fairness, cooperation, and reciprocity, in an effort to understand their nature and dynamics, the expectations that they generate, and how they evolve and change. Drawing on several intellectual traditions and methods, including those of social psychology, experimental economics and evolutionary game theory, Bicchieri provides an integrated account of how social norms emerge, why and when we follow them, and the situations where we are most likely to focus on relevant norms. Examining the existence and survival of inefficient norms, she demonstrates how norms evolve in ways that depend upon the psychological dispositions of the individual and how such dispositions may impair social efficiency. By contrast, she also shows how certain psychological propensities may naturally lead individuals to evolve fairness norms that closely resemble those we follow in most modern societies.
Hamilton's Paradox
Authors: Rodden Jonathan A.
Published: January 2010

As new federations take shape and old ones are revived around the world, a difficult challenge is to create incentives for fiscal discipline. A key question is whether a politically-motivated central government can credibly commit not to bail out subnational governments in times of crisis if it funds most of their expenditures. The center can commit when subnational governments retain significant tax autonomy, as in the United States. Or if the center dominates taxation, it can tightly regulate borrowing, as in many unitary systems. In a third group of countries including Brazil and Germany, the center can neither commit to a system of market-based discipline nor gain a monopoly over borrowing. By combining theory, quantitative analysis, and historical and contemporary case studies, this book explains why different countries have had dramatically different experiences with subnational fiscal discipline.
Freedom of Religion
Authors: Taylor Paul M.
Published: January 2010

The scale and variety of acts of religious intolerance evident in so many countries today are of enormous contemporary concern. This 2005 study attempts a thorough and systematic treatment of both Universal and European practice. The standards applicable to freedom of religion are subjected to a detailed critique, and their development and implementation within the UN is distinguished from that within Strasbourg, in order to discern trends and obstacles to their advancement and to highlight the rationale for any apparent departures between the two systems. This dual focus also demonstrates the acute need for the European Court to heed the warnings from various patterns of violation throughout the world illustrated by the Human Rights Committee and the Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief.
The Kurdish Nationalist Movement
Authors: Romano David
Published: January 2010

David Romano's 2006 book focuses on the Kurdish case to try and make sense of ethnic nationalist resurgence generally. In a world rent by a growing number of such conflicts, the questions posed about why, how and when such challenges to the state are mounted are becoming increasingly urgent. Throughout the author analyses these questions through the lens of social movement theory, considering in particular politico-social structures, resource mobilization strategies and cultural identity. His conclusions offer some thought-provoking insights into Kurdish nationalism, as well as into the strengths and weaknesses of various social movement theories. While the book offers a rigorous conceptual approach, the empirical material - the result of the author's personal experiences - makes it a compelling read. It will find a readership amongst students of the Middle East, and also amongst those interested in ethnic relations, minority rights, terrorism, state repression, social movement theories and many other related issues.
From International to World Society?
Authors: Buzan Barry
Published: January 2010

In this 2004 book, Barry Buzan offers an extensive critique and reappraisal of the English school approach to International Relations. Starting on the neglected concept of world society and bringing together the international society tradition and the Wendtian mode of constructivism, Buzan offers a new theoretical framework that can be used to address globalisation as a complex political interplay among state and non-state actors. This approach forces English school theory to confront neglected questions about both its basic concepts and assumptions, and about the constitution of society in terms of what values are shared, how and why they are shared, and by whom. Buzan highlights the idea of primary institutions as the central contribution of English school theory and shows how this both differentiates English school theory from realism and neoliberal institutionalism, and how it can be used to generate distinctive comparative and historical accounts of international society.
Internal Flow
Authors: Greitzer E. M. , Tan C. S. , Graf M. B.
Published: January 2010

This book describes the analysis and behaviour of internal flows encountered in propulsion systems, fluid machinery (compressors, turbines and pumps) and ducts (diffusers, nozzles and combustion chambers). The focus is on phenomena that are important in setting the performance of a broad range of fluid devices. The authors show that even for complex processes one can learn a great deal about the behaviour of such devices from a clear understanding and rigorous use of basic principles. Throughout the book they illustrate theoretical principles by reference to technological applications. The strong emphasis on fundamentals, however, means that the ideas presented can be applied beyond internal flow to other types of fluid motion. The book equips students and practising engineers with a range of new analytical tools. These tools offer enhanced interpretation and application of both experimental measurements and the computational procedures that characterize modern fluids engineering.
The French Economy in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Dormois Jean-Pierre
Published: January 2010

This new textbook examines the spectacular transformation that the French economy has undergone over the past century. Jean-Pierre Dormois offers a general introduction to the major trends as well as recent transformations of French society, and an overview of modern economic development. He tackles the key themes associated with the French 'path of economic development' - Malthusianism, exceptionalism and Colbertism. Other chapters address standard economic issues on the role of human capital formation, economic institutions and openness to the rest of the world. The author examines and interprets trends and features of the period as a whole, and sets them in a wider European framework. This book offers students a helpful and concise summary of recent research, and presents a uniquely synthetic view of the French economy in the twentieth century. It will have broad appeal for students and teachers of French and of European history and economics.
From Widgets to Digits
Authors: Stone Katherine V. W.
Published: January 2010

From Widgits to Digits is about the changing nature of the employment relationship and its implications for labor and employment law. For most of the twentieth century, employers fostered long-term employment relationships through the use of implicit promises of job security, well-defined hierarchical job ladders, and longevity-based wage and benefit schemes. Today's employers no longer value longevity or seek to encourage long-term attachment between the employee and the firm. Instead employers seek flexibility in their employment relationships. As a result, employees now operate as free agents in a boundaryless workplace, in which they move across departmental lines within firms, and across firm borders, throughout their working lives. Today's challenge is to find a means to provide workers with continuity in wages, on-going training opportunities, sustainable and transferable skills, unambiguous ownership of their human capital, portable benefits, and an infrastructure of support structures to enable them to weather career transitions.
Historical Anthropology of the Family
Authors: Segalen Martine
Published: January 2010

This historical anthropology of the family represents a new departure in family studies. Over the past ten years or so, the social scientific sociological analysis of the family has undergone a change, and has been obliged to reconsider its traditional view that industrialisation triggered a shift within society from the 'large family', which fulfilled all social functions from socialising the children to caring for the sick and the old, to the modern nuclear family, which was regarded solely as being the locus for emotional relationships. Historians have shown that in the past there was in fact a great variety of different family structures within a wide range of varying demographic, economic and cultural frameworks, distinctive for each society. At the same time, the interaction between sociology and social anthropology has led to a clearer conceptual analysis of that vague, polysemic term 'family'; and notions of dwelling-place, descent, marriage, the relative roles of husband and wife and parent-child relations, as well as the more general relations between generations, have in a variety of past and present social contexts been taken apart and analysed. In this book, Martine Segalen reviews and synthesises a rich wealth of often little-known European and North American historical and social anthropological material on the family. This results in a reversal of the frequently held view of the family as an institution in decline, showing it instead to be both dynamic and resistant.
Fracture of Brittle Solids
Authors: Lawn Brian
Published: January 2010

This is an advanced text for higher degree materials science students and researchers concerned with the strength of highly brittle covalent–ionic solids, principally ceramics. It is a reconstructed and greatly expanded edition of a book first published in 1975. The book presents a unified continuum, microstructural and atomistic treatment of modern day fracture mechanics from a materials perspective. Particular attention is directed to the basic elements of bonding and microstructure that govern the intrinsic toughness of ceramics. These elements hold the key to the future of ceramics as high-technology materials - to make brittle solids strong, we must first understand what makes them weak. The underlying theme of the book is the fundamental Griffith energy-balance concept of crack propagation. The early chapters develop fracture mechanics from the traditional continuum perspective, with attention to linear and nonlinear crack-tip fields, equilibrium and non-equilibrium crack states. It then describes the atomic structure of sharp cracks, the topical subject of crack-microstructure interactions in ceramics, with special focus on the concepts of crack-tip shielding and crack-resistance curves, and finally deals with indentation fracture, flaws, and structural reliability.
Lectures on Arakelov Geometry
Authors: Soulé C. , Abramovich D. , Burnol J. F. , Kramer J. K.
Published: January 2010

Arakelov theory is a new geometric approach to diophantine equations. It combines algebraic geometry in the sense of Grothendieck with refined analytic tools such as currents on complex manifolds and the spectrum of Laplace operators. It has been used by Faltings and Vojta in their proofs of outstanding conjectures in diophantine geometry. This account presents the work of Gillet and Soulé, extending Arakelov geometry to higher dimensions. It includes a proof of Serre's conjecture on intersection multiplicities and an arithmetic Riemann-Roch theorem. To aid number theorists, background material on differential geometry is described, but techniques from algebra and analysis are covered as well. Several open problems and research themes are also mentioned. The book is based on lectures given at Harvard University and is aimed at graduate students and researchers in number theory and algebraic geometry. Complex analysts and differential geometers will also find in it a clear account of recent results and applications of their subjects to new areas.
From a Biological Point of View
Authors: Sober Elliott
Published: January 2010

Elliott Sober is one of the leading philosophers of science and is a former winner of the Lakatos Prize, the major award in the field. This new collection of essays will appeal to a readership that extends well beyond the frontiers of the philosophy of science. Sober shows how ideas in evolutionary biology bear in significant ways on traditional problems in philosophy of mind and language, epistemology, and metaphysics. Amongst the topics addressed are psychological egoism, solipsism, and the interpretation of belief and utterance, empiricism, Ockham's razor, causality, essentialism, and scientific laws. The collection will prove invaluable to a wide range of philosophers, primarily those working in the philosophy of science, the philosophy of mind, and epistemology.
The Immune Self
Authors: Tauber Alfred I.
Published: January 2010

This is one of the first books in a new series that will publish the very best work in the philosophy of biology. The series will be non-sectarian in character, will extend across the broadest range of topics, and will be genuinely interdisciplinary. The Immune Self is a critical study of immunology from its origins at the end of the nineteenth century to its contemporary formulation. The book offers the first extended philosophical critique of immunology, in which the function of the term 'self' that underlies the structure of current immune theory is analysed. However, this analysis is carefully integrated into a broad survey of the major scientific developments in immunology, a discussion of their historical context, and a review of the conceptual arguments that have moulded this sophisticated modern science.
Liberals and Social Democrats
Authors: Clarke Peter
Published: January 2010

This ambitious and wide-ranging book is about the relationship between liberalism and socialism in Britain in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It focuses largely on a group of intellectuals whose names are familiar but whose work has been neglected or misunderstood. Graham Wallas is the forgotten man of early Fabianism. L. T. Hobhouse has misleadingly been typecast as the last major exponent of a dying liberal tradition. J. A. Hobson's reputation has been obscured by repeated claims that he was a precursor either of the Leninist theory of imperialism or of the Keynesian revolution in economics. The historical work of J. L. and Barbara Hammond has suffered similar revenges from the whirligig of time. There are other liberals or socialists - notably Gilbert Murray, Bernard Shaw, Sidney and Beatrice Webb, R. H. Tawney and J. M. Keynes - who receive considerable attention. In the later chapters the economic approaches of Hobson and Keynes are disentangled and put in their proper historical setting.
Effectiveness of school-based interventions in Europe to promote healthy nutrition in children and adolescents: systematic review of published and ‘grey’ literature
Authors: Van Cauwenberghe Eveline , Maes Lea , Spittaels Heleen , van Lenthe Frank J. , Brug Johannes , Oppert Jean-Michel , De Bourdeaudhuij Ilse
Published: January 2010

The objective of the present review was to summarise the existing European published and ‘grey’ literature on the effectiveness of school-based interventions to promote a healthy diet in children (6–12 years old) and adolescents (13–18 years old). Eight electronic databases, websites and contents of key journals were systematically searched, reference lists were screened, and authors and experts in the field were contacted for studies evaluating school-based interventions promoting a healthy diet and aiming at primary prevention of obesity. The studies were included if they were published between 1 January 1990 and 31 December 2007 and reported effects on dietary behaviour or on anthropometrics. Finally, forty-two studies met the inclusion criteria: twenty-nine in children and thirteen in adolescents. In children, strong evidence of effect was found for multicomponent interventions on fruit and vegetable intakes. Limited evidence of effect was found for educational interventions on behaviour, and for environmental interventions on fruit and vegetable intakes. Interventions that specifically targeted children from lower socio-economic status groups showed limited evidence of effect on behaviour. In adolescents, moderate evidence of effect was found for educational interventions on behaviour and limited evidence of effect for multicomponent programmes on behaviour. In children and adolescents, effects on anthropometrics were often not measured, and therefore evidence was lacking or delivered inconclusive evidence. To conclude, evidence was found for the effectiveness of especially multicomponent interventions promoting a healthy diet in school-aged children in European Union countries on self-reported dietary behaviour. Evidence for effectiveness on anthropometrical obesity-related measures is lacking.
Probiotic attributes ofLactobacillusstrains isolated from food and of human origin
Authors: Gaudana Sandeep B. , Dhanani Akhilesh S. , Bagchi Tamishraha
Published: January 2010

Lactobacilli isolated from various sources were identified on the basis of 16S–23S rRNA gene intergenic region amplification and subsequent sequencing of the smaller intergenic region. Anin vitroanalysis of probiotic properties including binding, ability to tolerate different concentrations of bile, survival in acidic buffer and antimicrobial activity of four different isolates and two standard strains (Lactobacillus plantarumAmerican Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 8014 andL. rhamnosusGG (LGG)) was carried out. The ability of each isolate to stimulate Caco-2 cells, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and THP-1 cells resulting in immunomodulation of these cells was analysed. IsolatesL. rhamnosusCS25 andL. delbrueckiiM and standard strain ATCC 8014 showed broad antimicrobial activity, and isolates CS25 (percentage of survival 6·9 % at pH 2·5, 5·1 % at pH 2·0) andL. plantarumCS23 (5·7 % at pH 2·5, 4·9 % at pH 2·0) have shown good tolerance to acidic pH. Isolate CS23 showed a good survival (14 %) after 2 h incubation in de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) medium containing 3 % bile salts. Isolates CS23, CS25 andL. fermentumASt1 could stimulate Caco-2 cells, human PBMC and THP-1 cells for a strong and varied immunomodulatory response in these cells. Though LGG showed poor antimicrobial activity as well as bile and acid tolerance, it was found to be the best binding strain tested. Child faecal isolate CS23 from the present study showed high binding ability (seventeen bacteria/Caco-2), high tolerance to acidic pH and bile salts and significant immunomodulation; therefore it is a good potential probiotic candidate.
How Has the Field of Middle East Studies Changed in the Last Five Years? An IJMES Retrospective
Authors: Tucker Judith E.
Published: January 2010

As editor of IJMES from 2004 to 2009, I spent the last five years in the catbird seat of Middle East studies, where I had the privilege of reading well over 500 article submissions that flowed into the editorial office, some 100 of which were ultimately destined for publication. I characterize the experience as very gratifying on the whole; ours is a field that has attracted talented and skilled scholars who are doing some very creative work—this is not a change per se, although it can be argued that we have a new generation involved in increasingly more theoretically informed projects. Have there been other, more tangible, developments in the field as reflected in submissions to IJMES? I mention four trends I have spotted over time that may suggest some of the recent shifts—in region, topic, scope, and critical engagement—in research foci.
Pensée 3: Political Science and the Middle East
Authors: Gause F. Gregory
Published: January 2010

Over the past five years, from volume 37, number 1 (February 2005) to volume 41, number 3 (August 2009), IJMES published thirty-seven articles that deal with politics in the contemporary Middle East, broadly understood. This is my count, of course, and others might add or drop some articles. I define contemporary as post World War II and have a relatively expansive definition of politics. My count does not include short features, only full articles.
A Hero and a Homeland for Armenians in America: Photography and the Construction of Cultural Memory
Authors: Abbaspour Mitra M.
Published: January 2010

Both portrait and landscape, historical scene and contemporary monument, and, ultimately, both engraving and photograph, this image contains the keys to a significant story from modern Armenian cultural history. In the years following World War I hundreds of Armenians immigrated to the United States, where through the creation of objects such as this picture, they reconstituted their community, emphasizing the longevity of their history, their unity as a minority culture, and their identity as a diaspora.
ANTONIS ANASTASOPOULOS AND ELIAS KOLOVOS, EDS., Ottoman Rule and the Balkans, 1760–1850: Conflict, Transformation, Adaptation (REVIEWED BY İPEK K. YOSMAOǦLU
Authors: Anastasopoulos Antonis
Published: January 2010

The price of $63.00 was erroneously assigned to this book, which is not commercially available. The Department of History and Archaeology of the University of Crete has distributed it free of charge to academic libraries and individual scholars. Please also note that the book is a paperback, not cloth.
SECULARIZING ANATOLIA TICK BY TICK: CLOCK TOWERS IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE AND THE TURKISH REPUBLIC
Authors: Uluengin Mehmet Bengü
Published: January 2010

The last century of the Ottoman Empire saw an intense move to build clock towers in Anatolia. Among the reasons for this move were the central government's desire to advertise its sovereignty in the provinces, its desire to secularize the same periphery, and that clock towers were a means for Christians to erect church towers. Compounding this already complex layering of meanings, these towers were often erected under the pretext that they would help announce the daily times of prayer. After the proclamation of the Turkish Republic in 1923, this move continued in a new guise: clock towers were attached to modern-style buildings that advertised the republican project. Using documents from the Archives of the Prime Ministry and other primary sources, this paper attempts to trace the proliferation of clock towers in Anatolia and how the meanings attached to these edifices changed through time.
LANDSCAPING PALESTINE: REFLECTIONS OF ENCLOSURE IN A HISTORICAL MIRROR
Authors: Fields Gary
Published: January 2010

This article examines the origins of the walled and fragmented Palestinian landscape by situating it within a context of recurrent encounters between dominant groups with territorial ambitions and less powerful subalterns focusing on the interplay of power and territorial space. The argument is that the Palestinian landscape is part of a long-standing narrative in which groups coveting territory transform the economy, demography, and culture of territorial space through the time-honored practice of enclosure. Enclosure is the exercise of force upon space by groups with territorial ambitions resulting in the remaking of landscapes. Mobilizing the institutional power of property law and the material power of the built environment, these groups reorder land ownership, use, and circulation on the landscape in an effort to consolidate systems of control over subalterns and reorganize socioeconomic life and demography in a place. This article argues that the project of state building launched by Zionists in Israel or Palestine is fundamentally an exercise of power on space similar to the making of enclosure landscapes from the past, notably, the enclosure landscape of early modern England. By exploring the contours of this pattern, this article seeks to uncover a more general meaning in the landscape of Palestine today.
MEDIA-CAPITALISM: COLLOQUIAL MASS CULTURE AND NATIONALISM IN EGYPT, 1908–18
Authors: Fahmy Ziad
Published: January 2010

In Egypt, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, older, fragmented, and more localized forms of identity were rapidly replaced with new alternative concepts of community, which for the first time had the capacity to collectively encompass the majority of Egyptians. This article is about the growth of Egyptian national identity from 1908 until 1918. It highlights the importance of previously neglected colloquial Egyptian sources—especially recorded music and vaudeville—in examining modern Egyptian history. Through the lens of colloquial mass culture, the study traces the development of collective Egyptian identity during the first quarter of the 20th century. This article also engages with some of the theories of nationalism and tests their applicability to Egypt. Finally, it introduces the concept of “media-capitalism” in an effort to expand the historical analysis of nationalism beyond print.
POPULATION DYNAMICS AND BIRTH SPACING IN OMAN
Authors: Drysdale Alasdair
Published: January 2010

At the time of its first modern census in 1993, Oman had one of the world's highest fertility rates (6.9 children per woman) and over half of the population was under the age of fifteen and yet to enter its peak childbearing years. In response, Oman introduced a Birth Spacing Program in 1994, encouraging couples to space births by at least three years and making a wide range of modern contraceptives available throughout the sultanate. Although the program was ostensibly designed to promote reproductive and child health, it clearly had a demographic agenda. By 2006, the fertility rate had dropped to 3.2 children per woman and the contraceptive prevalence rate had increased sharply. However, these changes cannot be attributed solely to the Birth Spacing Program and must be seen in the broader context of delayed marriage and extraordinary gains in social well-being, health, and female education.
Plan of action for the dissemination of the Geneva Conventions
Authors: Cilleuls Jean Des
Published: January 2010

The report which has been entrusted to us as French co-rapporteur attempts to complete that which we submitted to the International Congress of the Neutrality of Medicine in Time of War, held in Paris on April 6 to 8, 1959.

Several weeks later, the Revue Internationale des Services de Santé published directives of action for the dissemination of the Geneva Conventions by Lieutenant-Colonel R. Belvaux of the Belgian Army, as a result of an international enquiry undertaken by the International Committee of Military Medicine and Pharmacy and to which 27 countries had replied.
The Child — Pillar of the Future
Authors: Sicault G.
Published: January 2010

In its early years the International Union for Child Welfare co-operated closely with the ICRC. Moreover, the Honorary President of the IUCW, Mrs. A. Morier, has, in a previous issue of our Review, recalled the support which Eglantyne Jebb, the founder of the Save the Children International Union, received from the ICRC in 1920.

Since then, the Union has extended internationally and today its membership is drawn from many countries. In September 1964 its General Council met in Athens and the theme discussed was: “Investment in Child Welfare—an essential factor in economic and social planning”. On that occasion, Dr. Georges Sicault presented a paper in which he recalled how the “United Nations Children's Fund” (UNICEF) was born, what its activities were and to what extent one can today actively assist the international movement in favour of child welfare. It gives us much pleasure to publish this interesting paper. (Ed.)