bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RESOURCE USE BY MEDICAL ORGANIZATIONS
Authors:   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Head of the Department, Research Institute of Health Care Organization and Medical Management of the Moscow Health Care Department, Moscow, Russia, BUDARIN S. S.
Published: December 2020

The article reveals methodological approaches to evaluating the effectiveness of the use of resources of medi-cal organizations in order to improve the availability and quality of medical care based on the application of the methodology of performance audit; a methodological approach to the use of individual elements of the efficiency audit methodology for evaluating the performance of medical organizations and the effectiveness of the use of available resources is proposed.
STATE SUPPORT FOR EXPORTS IN RUSSIA: FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND LEGAL REGULATION
Authors:   Post-graduate student, Financial University under the Government of the Russia, Moscow. Russi, YURCHENKO V. E.
Published: December 2020

The article describes the legal regulation of financial instruments to support export in order to stimulate and increase the efficiency of export activities of Russian enterprises, as well as analyzes the implementation of the federal project “Systemic Measures for the Development of International Cooperation and Export” It reveals the key characteristics of the measures implemented by the Government of Russia to increase the competitiveness of domestic products and services abroad, analyzes the results achieved in the context of the roadmap "of the priority project, strengths and weaknesses of existing preferences for exporters and legal regulation of their activities, provides a number of recommendations for further policy in the field support of domestic entities in international trade. The article was prepared based on the results of studies carried out at the expense of budget funds on a state assignment to the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
USING REAL OPTIONS IN AN INVESTMENT VALUATION AND DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES
Authors:   PhD student, Department of World Finance, Financial University under the Government of Russia, Moscow, Russia, ADAMIYA T. T.
Published: December 2020

The current stage of global development is characterized by opportunities for investment activity, along with an instability of the economic situation and high uncertainty, dictates the need for investors and managers to make effective decisions, taking into account constantly changing conditions. An investor, while making a decision which project to accept, for the most part, uses the standard methods of financial management as a basis for forecasting and analysis. Considering fast-moving processes of technology change, as well as the conditions of market uncertainty, significant risk and agency problems, the article proposes the use of real options as an insurance (hedging) tool for investors against risks at different stages of the investment project. Risk management can be carried out through real options - the tool of flexibility in decision making. Traditional assessment methods ignore the ability to adapt internal and external changes, however management flexibility can significantly reduce risks, and therefore create additional value.
POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT OF «GREEN BONDS» IN THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY
Authors:   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, DUBROVA M. V. , ZHILINA N. N. ,   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Kazan Cooperative Institute (branch) Russian University of Cooperation. Kazan, Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

he relevance of the article is determined by the fact that in Russia there is no effective mechanism of state support for the activities of non-profit organizations in the field of «green Finance». The role of non-profit organizations is leveled, which can become a serious help in solving economic problems, in particular, the problems of recycling and processing of secondary raw materials, the placement of industrial waste and household garbage, and landscaping of large megacities. The main financial burden in the field of «green economy» falls on States and large enterprises. Meanwhile, we cannot ignore the important role of non-profit organizations that can not only draw attention to environmental problems to the public, but also offer their own measures to solve environmental problems. In this regard, it becomes relevant to consider the participation of non-profit organizations in the implementation of environmental projects by attracting «green Finance».
CONTRIBUTION OF RUSSIAN SCIENTIFIC THOUGHT TO THE THEORY OF ECONOMIC CRISES
Authors:   Doctor of Economics, Financial University under the Government of Russian Federation Moscow, Russia, SHCHERBAKOV G. A.
Published: December 2020

In the first quarter of the XIX century. the world economy was faced with a series of new periodically emerging economic phenomena - with crises of overproduction, which did not resemble the crisis shocks that shook the world economy in previous periods. The latter, as a rule, were associated with problems of the balance of payments that arose in the context of long-term wars, as well as as a result of crop failures, epizootics, or mass epidemics that undermined the normal economic rhythm. New crises, however, were not exclusively financial in nature; they arose in peacetime in a dynamically developing economy that outwardly did not show any tendencies towards economic decline. The emerging conditions for running the economy demanded a serious analysis on the part of economic science, which over time transformed its developments in this area into a separate area of economic theory that studies the dynamics and patterns of development of economic cycles (cycle theory) and considers crises as an integral part of the specified dynamics (crisis theory). This article examines the contribution of Russian economic thought to the formation and development of the theory of crises, which has been noted in this area by a number of serious achievements that have had a noticeable impact on further research in this area.
THE CURRENT STATE AND EVOLUTION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRADE UNION ORGANIZATIONS AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL
Authors:   Associate Professor, Perm State Agrarian and Technological University named after Academician D. N. Pryanishnikov, Perm Branch of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of Russia, Perm, Russia, DAVLETOV I. I.
Published: December 2020

In modern economic conditions, trade union organizations are necessary to protect the rights and interests of workers, improve the quality of life, and ensure social guarantees. The trade union unites: employees of the enterprise, students of secondary and higher vocational education institutions, temporarily unemployed able-bodied citizens, pensioners. Trade union organizations carry out a great deal of work to protect the social and labor rights and interests of workers, to increase the level of motivation of trade union membership. All this makes it possible to attract youth to the ranks of the trade union organization. In modern society, an important function of trade unions is to develop social partnership at the regional level, conduct inspections and identify violations of labor laws in relation to employees.
BRANDING AS THE TOOL FOR EFFECTIVE COMPANY DEVELOPMENT AND PROMOTION ON THE MARKET
Authors:   Student at the Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, ZHOKHOVA A. S.
Published: December 2020

The article focuses on the concept of branding and building a brand strategy in the context of increased competition on the markets. The main definitions of the term "brand", the components of the brand and the distinctive features of the brand from a trademark or company are considered. In addition, the author focuses on the various approaches to understanding the branding as a tool for company promotion, as well as identifies the role of branding in the modern globalizing world. Examples of some basic branding strategies and technologies are given in the article.
SAUDI ARABIA'S ECONOMIC POLICY AMID GLOBAL UNCERTAINTY
Authors:   Master’s Candidate of the Faculty of Global Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, TIMAKHOV K. V.
Published: December 2020

The events that took place in the first half of 2020 once again demonstrated how countries in the modern globalizing world are interdependent and interconnected: what is happening in one part of the planet inevitably affects other states, regardless of their geographical position. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is no exception. The crisis that arose because of the outbreak of the coronavirus infection hit the country’s infant economic system, disrupting the government’s ambitious plans to modernize and transform the kingdom. In this connection, it is of great scientific interest to study changes in the internal political course of the monarchy of the Persian Gulf, consider and analyze feasible scenarios for the further development of the country.
ASSESSMENT OF FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES OF PJSC “NORILSK NICKEL” IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CRISIS IN 2020
Authors:   Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor of the Department of Finance, Moscow State Technical University named after N. E. Bauman, Moscow, Russia, SHURKALIN A. K. , GLUSHCHENKO E. I. ,   Magister of Finance, Department of Finance, Moscow State Technical University named after N. E. Bauman, Moscow, Russia
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes the reporting data of the company’s “Norilsk Nickel” activities over the past 5 years which characterize the success of financial and economic activities and a stable position in the market. The main factors that ensured the company well-being are indicated. The company position in the world market of precious metals as one of the successful participants is shown. Measures to combat the crisis that allow us to maintain a leading position in the world market of precious metals are disclosed.
Waking Up From "Conjecture" As Well As From "Dream"
Authors: Latour Bruno
Published: December 2020

As every ethnographer knows, in addition to the many blunders every one of us commits in the course of our fieldwork, there exist also graver mistakes when we sense a mistaken regime of reality granted to an entity. It is at those moments, usually the most revealing in the course of our inquiries, when we try to repair broken relations by some innovative move to define the status of the contrasting realities that have been open to misinterpretation. During the last quarter century I have attempted, quite systematically, to increase the number of templates by which the so-called Moderns account for themselves; not, to be sure, in their official representation (they remain staunch adepts of the Object-Subject Operating System and will swear that they are obedient naturalists), but by looking for the many occasions where they express dissatisfaction with such an official view of themselves. What I think I have documented are the protestations by many different people that a skewed template is being used to account for the mode of existence of the agencies that are most attached to them.
Fools Gold on the Prairies
Authors: Müller Birgit
Published: December 2020

The "ontological turn" in anthropology is linked to the insight that environmental thinking requires reflecting on conflicting ways of "being and becoming in the world". This article explores how large-scale industrial farmers engage with the world, their ontic relationship with seeds, their direct reconnection to reality and sensorial perception of the non-human. However, seeds not only become what they are in multifarious networks of natural, cultural and political agencies, but their emergence and co-evolution with humans is ruptured through deregistration, persecution, confiscation and destruction. Proprietary industrial seed varieties carry instrumental rationality and control into the fields of Canadian farmers that are hard to resist.
汽车内饰皮纹的设计探讨
Authors: 健 李
Published: December 2020

在现代汽车工业设计中，内饰的设计非常重要，特别是内饰色彩皮纹设计，它能决定整车档次和视觉效果。在设计汽车内饰皮纹的时候，既需要考虑品牌、车型的定位及用户喜好，还需要考虑整体的搭配、加工中的质量表现及稳定性等。
污水处理场地土壤调查布点及采样的分析
Authors: 莉丽 王
Published: December 2020

随着当前中国经济的快速发展以及社会水平的不断提高，促进了各个行业的飞速发展。其中，在中国的经济组织中，工业占据着非常关键的地位。然而，工业在日常的生产经营过程中，会排放大量的污水，进而对周边的环境和土壤造成了极大程度的污染。同时，当前中国可以种植的土壤面积在不断地缩小，制约了农民的发展。因此，需要对一些受到污染的土壤进行及时地治理，进一步实现中国的绿水青山计划目标等。论文通过分析和研究污水处理场地污染土壤布点调查与采样的方法，进而掌握污水场地中土壤的条件，制定对应的土壤修复计划，有效恢复土壤的性质，减少对土壤的影响。
高速公路机电工程系统集成设计与施工调试技术探析
Authors: 亮 赵
Published: December 2020

高速公路的建设与运行，对保障地区经济发展和文化往来具有重要意义，尤其是在当前电子商务发展的大背景之下，高速公路发展属于促进经济发展的重要内容，因此高速公路在建设过程中需要重视工程系统的构建。基于此，论文在分析和研究当中，对该方面内容进行分析与论述，从高速公路机电工程施工要点及原则的角度着手，按照当前高速公路机电工程系统发展状况，对设计和施工调试技术内容展开详细分析与论述。
Loxodrome in mathematical cartography
Authors: Dušek Radek
Published: December 2020

The history of loxodrome is described in detail. The inaccuracies and errors related to loxodrome including its definition and significance are shown and clarified with the help of examples from the present cartographic literature. Facts usually omitted in cartography are presented, i.e. uncertainty of definition using two points and real picture in the Mercator projection. Problems related to the length of loxodrome and its parts are numerically solved and graphically presented. Loxodrome offers unsolved issues even in present days.
Geographical Aspects of Industrial Transformation in the Czech Republic
Authors: Toušek Václav , Vančura Milan , Viturka Milan
Published: December 2020

The share of industrial production on GNP has been decreasing over the 1990s in the Czech Republic and, in the same time, a branch restructuring took place. The industrial transformation is accompanied by a decline of labour force and an increase of unemployment. Better situation has been observed in the regions with an inflow of foreign capital. The article deals with the significant role of direct foreign investments for the regional development. The analysis of investment localization is linked with the theory of development polarization.
Experimental technology for very-short-range numerical weather prediction based on a nonhydrostatic mesoscale meteorological model with assimilation of radar and ground-based observational data
Authors:   Hydrometeorological Research Center of Russian Federation, Zhupanov V.D , Luk’yanov V.I. ,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of Russian Federation, Vasil’ev E.V ,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of Russian Federation, Dmitrieva T.G. ,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of Russian Federation, Smirnov A.V. ,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of Russian Federation, Skomskov . A.B. ,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

A brief description of the very-short-range numerical weather prediction technology based on the WRF-ARW nonhydrostatic model is presented. Skill scores are provided for the short- and very-short-range forecasts of temperature, precipitation and wind of various intensity, which were calculated with this model as a result of its integration on the nested grid with a spacing of 3 km, with the direct simulation of deep convection and the assimilation of radar and ground-based weather station data. The forecasts for a location were verified for the central part of European Russia using radar and weather station data for the summer of 2020. It is demonstrated that the model adequately simulates mesoscale convective systems and the related zones of heavy precipitation, strong winds, and thunderstorms. Possible reasons for forecast biases and the ways to reduce the value of spatial and temporal errors are discussed. Keywords: numerical very-short-range forecasting, mesoscale meteorological model, radar data assimilation, precipitation, severe weather events, active convection
Low visibility regime at aerodromes in European Russia
Authors:   Hydrometeorological Research Center of Russian Federation, Shakina N.P. , Skriptunova E.N. ,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of Russian Federation, Zavialova A.A. ,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

The characteristics are presented for the visibility regime at 42 aerodromes in European Russia calculated from the data of aerodrome observations reported in METAR telegrams with 30 minute (more rarely, 1 hour) time intervals. The occurrence frequency distributions of horizontal visibility ≤ 300 m and ≤ 800 m are calculated and analyzed over the period of 2001-2019. The tables are presented and discussed for the annual cycles of the occurrence frequency, as well as for its distributions under different weather phenomena. The occurrence frequency distributions depending on cloud base height, relative humidity, speed and direction of surface wind are presented. The results are also presented for the duration of low visibility episodes: it is demonstrated that such episodes are short, as a rule (for example, the visibility ≤ 300 m is continually observed for not more than 2 hours in 65-85 % of cases). The results of quantification of the correspondence between the occurrence or absence of low visibility and other weather characteristics observed at the same aerodromes demonstrate certain perspectives for developing (at least for several aerodromes) statistical methods to forecast this rather rare phenomenon basing on outputs of numerical atmosphere models. Keywords: visibility, aerodrome observations, annual cycle of low visibility, relative humidity, cloud base height, weather phenomena
The Challenges to the Emergency Medical Services to be Recognised as a Human Right in International Human Rights Law
Authors: Uusitalo Jenna
Published: December 2020

The
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) are emergency services generally been designed
to provide urgent treatment of patients with life-threatening conditions
outside medical facilities. Even though the EMS belongs to the category of
socio-economic rights, it nevertheless has great significance in safeguarding
one of the most fundamental human rights, the right to life. In fact,
international humanitarian law has recognised this important connection by establishing
explicit legal rules that oblige states to ensure urgent medical care for the wounded
and sick. International human rights law, on the other hand, has no such expressed
provisions. However, the problem is not the lack of legal rules applicable to
the EMS as such but rather the challenges in human rights perception, which
hinder the EMS being perceived as a valuable human right. Therefore, this
article essentially argues that international human rights law does not
recognise the EMS as a human right sufficiently and that more thorough actions
are required from the UN Committee of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
(CESCR) in this regard.
COVID-19 and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Impact of corticosteroid treatment and predictors of poor outcome
Authors: Vidal-Cortés Pablo , del Río-Carbajo Lorena , Nieto-del Olmo Jorge , Prol-Silva Estefanía , Tizón-Varela Ana I. , Rodríguez-Vázquez Ana , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Pilar , Díaz-López María D. , Fernández-Ugidos Paula , Pérez-Veloso Marcos A. ,   Intensive Care Unit. Ourense University Hospital, Spain
Published: December 2020

Objectives. To assess the impact of corticosteroids on inflammatory and respiratory parameters of patients with COVID-19 and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods. Longitudinal, retrospective, observational study conducted in an ICU of a second level hospital. Adult patients with COVID-19 were included. Baseline characteristics, data on SARS-CoV-2 infection, treatment received, evolution of respiratory and inflammatory parameters, and ICU and hospital stay and mortality were analyzed. Results. A total of 27 patients were included, 63% men, median age: 68.4 (51.8, 72.2) years. All patients met ARDS criteria and received MV and corticosteroids. After corticosteroids treatment we observed a reduction in the O2 A-a gradient [day 0: 322 (249, 425); day 3: 169 (129.5, 239.5) p<0.001; day 5: 144 (127.5, 228.0) p<0.001; day 7: 192 (120, 261) p=0.002] and an increase in the pO2/FiO2 ratio on days 3 and 5, but not on day 7 [day 0: 129 (100, 168); day 3: 193 (140, 236) p=0.002; day 5: 183 (141, 255) p=0.004; day 7: 170 (116, 251) p=0.057]. CRP also decreased on days 3 and 5 and increased again on day 7 [day 0: 16 (8.6, 24); day 3: 3.4 (1.7, 10.2) p<0.001; day 5: 4.1 (1.4, 10.2) p<0.001; day 7: 13.5 (6.8, 17.3) p=0.063]. Persistence of moderate ARDS on day 7 was related to a greater risk of poor outcome (OR 6.417 [1.091-37.735], p=0.040). Conclusion. Corticosteroids appears to reduce the inflammation and temporarily improve the oxygenation in COVID-19 and ARDS patients. Persistence of ARDS after 7 days treatment is a predictor of poor outcome.
Investigation of the regularities of particle motion in a vortex air flow of radius variable in height
Authors: Stepanenko S. P. , Kotov B. I. , Kalinichenko R. A.
Published: December 2020

Annotation
Purpose. Improving the mathematical description of the motion of a solid particle in a vortex air flow for the case of changing the radius of twisting of the flow in the main direction.
Methods. The specificity of the question under consideration determines the analytical method of research based on the compilation and analysis of the equations of motion of the particle, in the form of a sphere in the vortex air flow of a conical channel with uneven distribution of air flow velocity over height.
Results. The motion of a solid particle in the air in the middle of a conical air-permeable surface is considered; air is sucked through the lateral surface of the cone with louver slits (holes) in the tangential direction, under the action of artificially created forces of the vortex air flow there is an effective intensification of grain fractionation.
The obtained equation of particle motion under the action of vortex air flow allows to determine the dependence of material velocity in the grain material layer on a number of factors: geometric parameters of the separator, material feed angle, initial kinematic mode of the material and particle vitality coefficient.
Conclusions. Based on the analysis of the force interaction of a particle of grain material with a vortex air flow, an improved mathematical model of particle motion in a non-uniform field of air flow velocity in a conical channel is obtained.
Keywords: variable air velocity, trajectory, stability of forces, fractions, vortex air flow, fractionation process, grain mixture.
Method and results of experimental researches of modes of work of the adaptive milking equipment on the basis of the portion meter of the weight type
Authors: Afanasiev I. A. , Tkach V. V.
Published: December 2020

Annotation
Purpose. Improving the efficiency of machine milking due to the improvement of milking equipment on the basis of the portion meter of the weight type.
Methods. Studies have been conducted on the basis of the planned experiment. The data obtained were processed using the methods of regression analysis.
Results. The technique of laboratory researches is developed, a prototype of a membrane regulator of vacuum is made and experimental researches of operating modes of the adaptive milking equipment on the basis of the portion meter of the weight type. According to the results of the research, the dependence between the parameters and the mode of operation of the membrane vacuum regulator was obtained.
Conclusions. The dependence is obtained, between the vacuum pressure in the milk collection chamber of the collector, milk expense, the diameters of the milk pipe and the diameters of a throttle opening. The limit values of the intensity of milk output (0.2 m3/s) at which there is a critical drop in the working vacuum pressure in the milk collection chamber of the collector and the corresponding choke parameters (diameter of the throttle opening 0,001 m) are defined. This eliminates this negative phenomenon.
Keywords: adaptive milking equipment, milking machine, machine milking, milk expense.
Coordination of energy parameters of the ultraviolet bactericidal recirculator of air of livestock premises
Authors: Dovbnenko O. F.
Published: December 2020

Annotation
Purpose. Coordination of energy parameters of the ultraviolet bactericidal recirculator of air of animal premises for achievement of the set value of bactericidal efficiency.
Methods. Methods of analysis, mathematical modeling and engineering methods of calculation of ultraviolet bactericidal installations are used.
Results. Methods of application of ultraviolet bactericidal (UVB) installations for cleaning and disinfection of indoor air are analyzed. Substantiated design, UVB air recirculator. The dependences of the bactericidal power of UVB radiation sources in the recirculator on air productivity and bactericidal efficiency are determined. The specific power of UVB radiation to achieve the specified value of bactericidal efficiency and rational values of bactericidal efficiency of recirculates for industrial enterprises and general purpose premises are established.
Conclusions
1. The specific power of UVB radiation to achieve the specified value of bactericidal efficiency in the range of 80…99.9% with the use of UVB air recirculators. To ensure bactericidal efficiency of 80%, the specific power of bactericidal radiation is 6.5 W/100 m3, and for 99.9% 4.3 times more than – 27.9 W/100 m3.
2. Due to the need to significantly increase the installed capacity of irradiators, ultraviolet air recirculators with bactericidal efficiency of more than 95% should be used in premises of categories 1 and 2, as well as in agricultural production facilities for feasibility study.
3. To achieve a recirculator RPB 1.0 with air productivity = 1000 m3/h bactericidal efficiency = 90% required bactericidal radiation power = 93 W, and for = 99% – = 186 W.
Keywords: ultraviolet bactericidal recirculator, air purification and disinfection, bactericidal power of ultraviolet irradiators, bactericidal efficiency of recirculator.
High technology and their technical support are the main factors of crop production efficiency
Authors: Adamchuk V. V. , Gritsyshyn M. I. , Perepelytsya N. M.
Published: December 2020

Annotation
Purpose. Identify promising areas of increasing the efficiency and environmental friendliness of crop production in agricultural enterprises.
Methods. Monographic, economic-mathematical, analytical, systems engineering.
Results. Current trends in the development of agricultural technologies and their technical support are considered, a methodological approach to the formation of an effective technical and technological base of agricultural enterprises is proposed. It is established that the main factors that affect the efficiency and environmental friendliness of crop production are technologies and technical means for their implementation. In economically developed countries, technological innovation provides 70–90% of gross domestic product growth. A methodological approach to the formation of an effective technical and technological base of agricultural enterprises on the basis of innovative technologies and technical means with technical and operational parameters, consistent with the volume of mechanized work and rational agrotechnical terms for their implementation, is proposed.
Conclusions. The main paradigm of the latest technologies for crop production is greening, which is based on the harmonization of the relationship between technology and soils, which will reduce the physical degradation of soils and preserve their fertility.
Greening of agriculture in the context of global climate change should be based on targeted tillage, the introduction of the main dose of nutrients in the area of seed sowing, and preservation of crop residues of the predecessor (green manure) in rows to protect soil from overheating and moisture loss.
To ensure efficient production of crop products in the agricultural enterprise should be formed technical and technological base based on science-intensive technologies and the latest technical means with technical and operational parameters consistent with the scope of work and rational agro-technical terms of their implementation.
Keywords: technologies, technical and technological base, volumes of mechanized robots, technical means, technical and operational parameters.
Development and research of the mechanism for improvement of soil processing instruments
Authors: Nasonov V. A. , Litvinyuk L. K. , Gritsenko O. P.
Published: December 2020

Annotation
Purpose. Improving the quality of tillage with implements with disk working bodies.
Methods. Analytical and experimental laboratory-field research using the developed mechanism, installed on the serial disk Harrow.
Results. The mechanism of automatic regulation of soil tillage in disc instruments has been elaborated and developed. It was established that the developed mechanism ensures the improvement of soil processing quality by disk instruments by automatic alignment of the instruments in relation to the unit movement direction.
Conclusions. As a result of research, the mechanism of automated soil tillage quality control instruments was elaborated and developed. It was established that the experimental mechanism of the provisionis to increase the quality of soil tillage by means of automatic instrument alignment with regard to movement direction of the unit. With the soil cultivation depth of 138–139 mm, the automatic control mechanism improves the processing quality, which indicates a decrease in the average quadratic deviation of the depth from ±36.1 mm to ±23.8 mm and a decrease in the depth variation coefficient from 26.2% to 17.2%.
Keywords: soil tillage, disk tools, automatic adjustment mechanism.
Use of an air curtain to counteract the headwind when spraying field crops
Authors: Vozhyk Yu. G. , Vitrukh P. I. , Kosovets Yu. V. , Panasyuk V. I.
Published: December 2020

Annotation
Purpose. Improving the efficiency of field crop spraying and saving plant protection products by developing adaptations to field crop sprayers that will minimize the negative impact of headwind on the quality of this process.
Methods. Theoretical calculations, their analysis and experimental verification.
Results. The structural diagram of the method and device to the sprayer to create an air curtain was substantiated, which provided an increase in the allowable wind speed during spraying up to 7 m/s.
Conclusions. It is established that with the use of a fan with a flow rate of 6000 m3/h, full air pressure of 6000 Pa and a reserve power of 30 kW of a tractor 1.4 class on the drive of the fan device to the sprayer, the maximum permissible diameter of the nozzle to create an air curtain is 0.02 m, and the sprayer grip width is 18 m. With the above parameters and operating modes of the air curtain and air velocity in nozzles of 30 m/s the air curtain can increase the permissible wind speed during spraying up to 7 m/s.
Keywords: toxic chemicals, spraying, sprayer device, wind, air curtain, parameters, operating modes.
The effect of the vacuum drying process on the appearance of cracks in the seeds
Authors: Adamchuk V. V. , Shvidia V. O.
Published: December 2020

Annotation
Purpose. Theoretically analyze the effect of vacuum drying parameters on the appearance of cracks in seeds.
Methods. The theoretical positions of drying capillary-porous bodies and physicochemical foundations of the food industry are used. The analysis of mathematical dependencies was performed based on the methods of analytical algebra and mathematical analysis.
Results. Based on the analysis of the movement of moisture during drying of a single seed, it was found that drying without cracks on the surface of the seed is possible when the rates of moisture diffusion inside the seed and evaporation of moisture from the surface layers are equal. The analytical dependence, which implements this condition and obtained using the differential equation of diffusion, made it possible to obtain the dependence of the vacuum in the drying chamber on the temperature of seed heating. This dependence shows that it is possible to realize the condition of drying without cracks only by changing the vacuum in the drying chamber in an inverse exponential manner. Heating seeds reduces the vacuum in the drying chamber, at which drying begins.
Conclusions. An analysis of the operational parameters of vacuum drying of seeds revealed that for guaranteed drying of seeds without cracks, it is necessary that the rate of diffusion of moisture inside the seed be equal to the rate of evaporation of moisture from the surface layers. Technically, this is achieved by varying the vacuum in the drying chamber in time by the inverse exponent, using data from the sensor for heating the seeds. An increase in the heating temperature of the seeds requires a proportional decrease in the initial vacuum in the drying chamber.
Keywords: seeds, vacuum in the drying chamber, heating temperature, evaporation rate, vacuum drying, diffusion, equivalent ball of seed.
Spectral Lower Bounds for the Quantum Chromatic Number of a Graph – Part II
Authors: Wocjan Pawel , Elphick Clive , Darbari Parisa
Published: December 2020

Hoffman proved that a graph $G$ with eigenvalues $\mu_1 \geqslant \cdots \geqslant \mu_n$ and chromatic number $\chi(G)$ satisfies: \[\chi \geqslant 1 + \kappa\] where $\kappa$ is the smallest integer such that \[\mu_1 + \sum_{i=1}^{\kappa} \mu_{n+1-i} \leqslant 0.\] We strengthen this well known result by proving that $\chi(G)$ can be replaced by the quantum chromatic number, $\chi_q(G)$, where for all graphs $\chi_q(G) \leqslant \chi(G)$ and for some graphs $\chi_q(G)$ is significantly smaller than $\chi(G)$. We also prove a similar result, and investigate implications of these inequalities for the quantum chromatic number of various classes of graphs, which improves many known results. For example, we demonstrate that the Kneser graph $KG_{p,2}$ has $\chi_q = \chi = p - 2$.
Merenkulun valtiontukien strateginen legitimointi
Authors: Lehto Katriina , Vinnari Eija
Published: December 2020

Strategic legitimation of state shipping subsidies

Our purpose was to identify strategies through which different actors construct the legitimacy of state subsidies to shipping. To this end, we analysed documents and interviews using Critical Discourse Analysis. Five discourses were identified as legitimating state shipping subsidies: preventing outflagging, securing employment, maintaining logistical routes and security of supply, promoting tourism, and guaranteeing conformity among EU countries. To conclude, shipping subsidies have a legitimate position among the most important decision-making stakeholder groups in Finland, which ensures the stability and continuity of the subsidizing.
Organisaation tukitoimintojen vaikutus esimiehen organisatoriseen luottamukseen irtisanomisiin johtaneissa yt-prosesseissa
Authors: Vuosmaa Susanna , Blomqvist Kirsimarja , Vanhala Mika
Published: December 2020

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Julkisten ICT-hankintojen käyttäjäkeskeisyyden edellytysten kriittinen tarkastelu
Authors: Kautonen Heli , Nieminen Marko
Published: December 2020

The article, titled A Critical look at the prerequisites of user-centred ICT procurements in the public sector, examines the challenges of digitalisation. It focuses on the requirements of user-centredness in the acquisition of information and communication technology (ICT) in the public sector. Previous research has examined the development of information systems and digital services through theoretical models of acceptance and success. These models are conceptually linked with the models of user-centred design (UCD). However, user-centric viewpoints do not always thrive in organisations. In this article, we present qualitative research that explores  the social practices of public sector ICT procurement. We analyse the discourse in a set of public tendering notices critically and observe shortcomings in tools, competencies and attitudes that guide the procurement process. We conclude the article with suggestions towards a more user-centric approach.
Yrityksiin kohdistuvien julkisten sääntelyvaikutusten arviointi: Neo-institutionaalinen tutkimus kontekstista, kansainvälisistä vaikutteista ja kotimaisista kokemuksista
Authors: Ahonen Pertti , Uusikylä Petri , Sievänen Riikka
Published: December 2020

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Kohti uutta perusopetuksen opetussuunnitelmaa – opetussuunnitelmatyö paikallisten toimijoiden kokemana
Authors: Siurua Laura-Emilia , Pyhältö Kirsi , Pietarinen Janne , Sullanmaa Jenni , Soini Tiina
Published: December 2020

Local educational stakeholders have a central role in organizing district­level curriculum development in Finland. Earlier research has shown that the implementation strategy affects the effectiveness of the reform. In Finland, an interactive top­down­bottom­up strategy requires local implementers to organize and manage district­level curriculum work. The aim of this study is to gain a better understanding of the local curriculum process as experienced by the district­level stakeholders. Survey data (N = 550) were analyzed using mixed methods. The results showed that the top­down­bottomup implementation strategy, including change management and knowledge sharing, was related to the perceived success of the reform. In addition, perceptions about the implementation strategy were related to the various ways of organizing the local curriculum process. Teachers’ professional development and engagement in the process, facilitation of participation, management of the process and coherence making were identified as the key factors in the curriculum process by the stakeholders.
Dental Erosion Among Secondary Schoolchildren: Sudan
Authors: Nasir Elwalid , Altayeb Abeer
Published: December 2020

Dental erosion is a type of dental wear defined as loss of hard dental tissue caused by acids not produced by bacteria. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of dental erosion and its correlates among secondary schoolchildren in Omdurman, Sudan. A cross-sectional study was undertaken using stratified random sampling to select 10 secondary schools, from which all students were included. Data were collected via a self-administered questionnaire and clinical examination. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and associations were tested using a t-test, correlation, and logistic regression. Four hundred and eighty-three students participated in the study, most of whom (72.5%) attended public schools. The mean age was 12.4 years (SD: ±0.76). More than one-third (35%) of the students presented erosion. Those who reported the consumption of soft drinks or hibiscus had higher mean scores of erosion than those who did not, with mean differences of –0.61 and –0.31, respectively. These also had higher odds of erosion by an OR of 2.7 and 2.4, respectively. Those who had erosion had higher mean scores in tooth brushing, soft drink consumption, and hibiscus drink consumption, with mean differences –0.127, –0.36, and 0.28, respectively. The prevalence of erosion was thus positively associated with soft drink and hibiscus drink consumption, while being negatively associated with tooth brushing frequency.
Экологические аспекты накопления минеральных элементов в организме населения, проживающего в районах интенсивной промышленной деятельности в европейской части Арктической зоны России
Authors:   Северо-Западный научный центр гигиены и общественного здоровья, Никанов А. Н. , Дорофеев В. М. ,   Северо-Западный научный центр гигиены и общественного здоровья, Мегорский В. В. ,   ФИЦ «Кольский научный центр Российской академии наук», Жиров В. К. ,   Центр медико-биологических проблем адаптации человека в Арктике
Published: December 2020

Обобщены результаты исследований по оценке концентраций макро и микроэлементов в организме человека, проживающего в районах интенсивной промышленной деятельности Арктической зоны (на примере Мурманской области). Основное внимание уделено исследованию характера накопления макро- и микроэлементов в организме, а также методам коррекции минерального обмена у детского и взрослого населения Мурманской области. Наиболее очевидная зависимость концентраций металлов в волосах от уровня минерализации питьевой воды обнаружена при сопоставлении полученных результатов по кадмию, меди, железу, марганцу, никелю, титану и цинку. Выявленная зависимость уровня накопления микроэлементов в волосах жителей от жёсткости питьевой воды вызывает необходимость пересмотра методик коррекции минерального обмена у северян. Показана эффективность использования некоторых детоксикационных свойств лечебно-профилактических напитков в профилактических целях у работников тяжёлой металлургии. Книга предназначена для экологов, биологов, медицинских работников и людей, интересующихся проблемами сохранения здоровья. Она может оказаться полезной для обучающихся по соответствующим направлениям подготовки студентов высших учебных заведений.
Paradox Negative Effects of the mid-Pliocene Warming on the Climatic Suitability of Six Mediterranean Sandfly Species in Europe
Authors: Trájer Attila J.
Published: December 2020

The Pliocene era could be the last time when sandfly (Diptera: Psychodidae) species were widespread in Europe. Within the Pliocene, the mid-Pliocene period is an important model period in the investigation of the future effects of anthropogenic climate change. In this study, the mid-Pliocene potential distribution of six Mediterranean sandfly species was modelled based on the M2 mid-Pliocene cold and mid-Pliocene warm paleoclimatic reconstructions. It was found that the cold period’s potential occurrence of sandfly species could be notably more extended than the distribution of the taxa in the warm period. The difference is less expressed in the case of the West Mediterranean species, but it is particularly visible in the circum-Mediterranean and East Mediterranean taxa. It can be concluded that not the changes in the mean annual temperature, but the increase of the precipitation patterns and the wetter climate of the mid-Pliocene warm period resulted in the observed differences. The results imply that the use of mid-Pliocene warming as a model of the present climatic changes can be handled with caution in the performing of biogeographic proxies for vector sandflies related to the anthropogenic climate change.
New species of Hambletonia Compere (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in Dominican amber
Authors: Poinar George
Published: December 2020

The present paper describes a new species of encyrtid wasp, Hambletonia dominicana sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) from Dominican amber. Diagnostic characters include long antennae that are almost twice the length of the head, the absence of long, coarse, flattened setae on the dorsal apical margin of the pedicel, and an elliptical club subequal in length to that of the funicle. This first described fossil species of Hambletonia provides views of new and possible unique morphological features of encyrtid wasps that existed in the Neotropics during the mid-Tertiary.
NEW STAGE OF MODELING AND DECORATION OF CLOTHING THROUGH MODERN TECHNOLOGIES
Authors:   USPTU, Ufa, Russia, Limarenko O.V.
Published: December 2020

Today, there are significant changes in clothing modeling related to digitalization. Fashion designers work with experts from the technological sphere to create not just a seemingly pleasant thing, but also to fill it with various functions. In the process of modeling clothing, new approaches are used to make a virtual fitting. Virtual clothing will inevitably lead to changes in the fashion industry.
STRUCTURING ELEMENTS OF FINISHING OF SEWING WARE WHEN DESIGNING MODERN CLOTHING AND ACCESSORIES
Authors:   NSUADA, Novosibirsk, Russia, Dolmatova E.P. , Kuzmina A.A. ,   NSUADA, Novosibirsk, Russia
Published: December 2020

The article presents the results of a study of the variety of elements of decorating modern clothes and accessories. The most popular types of finishes for garments are analyzed and structured. It is shown that modern designers prefer to use traditional and innovative materials and technological methods for decoration.
Rubber Tree Tapping Position Detection on Trunk-Covered RGB-D Images for Automation Platform
Authors: Wongtanawijit Rattachai , Khaorapapong Thanate
Published: December 2020

Recently, an autonomous vehicle with 3D sensors for the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) plantation navigation has been presented. Therefore, we present a machine vision for detecting the tapping position and the rubber juice collecting cup in the images, which can be deployed onto an autonomous platform. Firstly, we show an RGB-D image acquisition technique using artificial lights for capturing a rubber tree in the low-light. Then, we present two tapping position detection algorithms which are the color-feature based with sliding window algorithm and the novel deep object detector. To perform the detection on our custom dataset, we build a Faster-RCNN with the pre-trained MobileNetV2 using the fine-tuning technique. The results show that the deep detector outperforms our conventional detector which gives 0.92 average precision on our dataset.
Structure of fracture under the joint operation of two mechanisms of local destruction
Authors: Осипенко Николай Михайлович
Published: December 2020

Рассмотрены примеры сценариев хрупкого разрушения, в которых участвуют два механизма локального разрушения - развитие трещин нормального разрыва и компактирование, либо торошение, при сжатии. Работа является продолжением исследований структур разрушения в условиях сжатия [1]. Показано, что в модельной ситуации с цепочкой отверстий в пластине выбор механизма формирования локальных очагов разрушения или их совместного действия зависит от ориентации системы отверстий относительно оси сжатия. Другой пример относится к процессу разрушения ледяного покрова при его сжатии под действием течений и ветровой нагрузки. Рассмотрен вариант разрушения, в котором происходит взаимодействие двух видов разрушения - локализованное в виде трещиноподобного дефекта разрушение при сжатии (торошении) и формирование сопутствующих поперечных разрывов, разбивающих нагружаемый участок ледяного покрова на ряд полос вдоль напряжений сжатия.

Examples of brittle fracture scenarios are considered, in which two mechanisms of local fracture participate - the development of normal fracture cracks and compaction, or hummocking, under compression. The work is a continuation of studies of fracture structures under compression [1]. It is shown that in a model situation with a chain of holes in a plate, the choice of the mechanism of formation of local fracture centers or their joint action depends on the orientation of the system of holes relative to the compression axis. Another example relates to the process of destruction of the ice cover when it is compressed under the influence of currents and wind load. The fracture variant is considered, in which two types of fracture interact: the fracture localized in the form of a crack-like defect during compression (hummocking) and the formation of accompanying transverse ruptures dividing the loaded ice sheet section into a series of bands along the compression stresses.