bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’autorité du cadre formateur et la relation pédagogique en Ifsi à l’épreuve de la présence des téléphones portables en cours
Authors: Trophardy Céline
Published: August 2019

En institut de formation en soins infirmiers, les formateurs sont les accompagnants privilégiés des étudiants avec lesquels ils établissent une relation pédagogique. Mais ces formateurs sont aussi les garants du respect du cadre de cette formation en veillant notamment au respect du règlement intérieur. La complexité de cette double mission constitue le sujet de cette initiation à la recherche en sciences sociales dont l’indicateur sociologique principal est la gestion de l’interdiction du téléphone portable en cours. But  : Cette étude vise à explorer les mécanismes en jeu dans une situation relationnelle particulière afin de comprendre comment s’articulent posture pédagogique et exercice de l’autorité chez un formateur. Méthode  : Etude qualitative par entretiens semi-directifs. Résultats  : Quelque soit la vision qu’ils ont de leurs activités, les formateurs accordent beaucoup d’importance à la qualité de la relation pédagogique, même s’ils s’arrangent différemment pour lier autorité et missions de formation. Les étudiants acceptent et reconnaissent cette autorité si elle s’inscrit dans le cadre du règlement intérieur. Cette légitimité permet l’établissement d’une relation pédagogique aidante pour les étudiants. Le cadre réglementaire sert de repère à tous les acteurs, tout en contribuant à la construction de l’autorité du collectif formateur. Conclusion  : L’analyse des entretiens ouvre un espace de réflexion autour des notions de relation, de règlement, de légitimité et de collectif. La relation d’autorité est un phénomène complexe qui présente plusieurs facettes. Elle s’inscrit, comme la relation pédagogique, dans un cadre réglementaire qui lui donne stabilité et légitimité. Ce règlement, loin de standardiser les conduites, permet certes de légitimer l’autorité des formateurs, mais permet également, contre toute attente, l’expression de la liberté individuelle. Cette étude incite à approfondir un autre outil de régulation du travail dans lequel le règlement prend sens : le projet pédagogique institutionnel.
Les jeunes majeurs de la protection de l'enfance : quand l'accès aux droits sociaux se numérise
Authors: Bensoussan Lucie , Golbin Delpierre Prune , Le Bled Solène , Le Corre Pauline , Legros Adeline , Perret Noémie
Published: August 2019

Les pratiques numériques ne sont pas innées et nécessitent donc un accompagnement. Dans le secteur de la protection de l'enfance et plus particulièrement de l'accompagnement des jeunes majeurs, la question du numérique est un enjeu éducatif important. L'éducation au numérique est nécessaire pour ces jeunes qui doivent être indépendants précocement. L’indépendance vis-à-vis du système de protection de l’enfance ne peut être transférée du côté des solidarités familiales puisque le soutien familial fait défaut et a justifié les mesures de protection. Aussi, seul le recours à d’autres aides sociales peut permettre de compenser la précocité de cette indépendance juvénile. Seulement quand l’accès à ces aides sous-tend des équipements numériques et un savoir-faire « administrativo-numérique », comment faciliter la transition ? C’est pour répondre à cette question que nous avons décidé de monter un projet associatif permettant l’accompagnement des jeunes majeurs au numérique. Ce projet passe par la mise en œuvre d’un bus itinérant proposant des ateliers numériques. Ces ateliers ont pour objectif de permettre aux jeunes majeurs d’accéder à une culture informationnelle, de pouvoir faire les démarches administratives pour bénéficier de prestations sociales et de favoriser le lien social.
The conflicts of (Neo)extractivism: Mines, tailings dams, and protected areas in the metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Authors: Orduz Rojas Claudia Marcela , Barros Pereira Doralice , Bruno Dias Janise
Published: August 2019

The third largest Brazilian metropolis - Belo Horizonte - accommodates local communities within its peri-urban area surrounding the Serra do Gandarela. These communities experience tensions, risk, and conflicts due to the expansion of mining activities. By analyzing the creation of the Serra do Gandarela National Park, as well as the existing and new tailings dams in the area, this article aims to unveil the conflicts experienced by these communities. We conclude that the environmental conflicts arise from policies of economic development (neo-extractivism related to progress and growth), which tend to deprive the local communities of access, use, and control of natural and land resources. In addition, the "imminent risks" and the disasters associated with the construction and operation of tailings dams allow for the rise of disaster capitalism.
Re-Purposing Summative Assessment as Formative
Authors: Ejohwomu Obuks Augustine
Published: August 2019

Students often feel that assessments are used primarily for grading purposes only. There is anecdotal evidence too that students are being over assessed in UK Higher Education (HE) given that it is common place for the curricula to be designed with formative and summative assessments in mind. This reflective case study aims to establish the link between the attainment of independent learning outcome and a new form of assessment that is based on three years of teaching a Project Management unit in two internationally leading Schools of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Civil Engineering in England and Singapore. Data from the observation of an operational unit specification reveals that depending on the timing within the schedule of the unit, summative assessment with appropriate feedback can be re-purposed as formative and summative. The implication being a paradigm shift in the design of unit specification for the purpose of attaining Intended Learning Outcomes (ILO) that enhance deep learning.
Education Piety
Authors: Bensaid Benaouda , Machouche Salah
Published: August 2019

This chapter seeks to explore the crossroads between learning in Islam and spirituality, and also the methods according to which Muslim instructors shape students' experiences in a context of piety development. This study also examines questions pertaining to the concept of spirituality in education, methods pedagogic principles that further merge spiritual discipline with knowledge acquisition. The theoretical research draws on the textual analysis of early works of Muslim scholars, more specifically on Abdul Ibn Khaldun and Abu Hamid al-Ghazali, given their prominent positions in the history of Muslim education. This study shows that the Islamic learning has always taken students' spiritual growth for granted and has, despite differences of practices across Muslim regions, always maintained the refining of learners' spiritual character.
Teachers' Perceptions of Islamic Religious Education in Arab High Schools in Israel
Authors: Saada Najwan
Published: August 2019

In this multiple case study, the authors explore the purposes and significance of Islamic religious education as it is viewed and interpreted by Arab and Muslim teachers in Arab high schools in Israel. It interrogates how the Muslim teachers locate themselves and their pedagogy within a continuum of salafi (conservative) versus liberal conceptions of tarbiyya (the spiritual aspects of Islam) and ta`dib (the moral aspects of Islam) and why they do so. The results show that teachers support the salafi rather than the liberal conceptions of Islamic education. This means that they focus on the naql (the transmission of religious knowledge) rather than aql (rational thinking) in teaching the moral aspects of Islam. Also, teachers avoid the dealing with the intellectual diversity within Islam, the discussion of contemporary issues, and the tenets of other Abrahamic religions. They conclude that this may lead to religious illiteracy and argue that liberal Islamic education with critical and reflective reasoning is much appropriate for living in multicultural and multi-faith society.
English and Arabic Language Learning Environments
Authors: Sabani Noraisikin , Jimmie Anita , Hasnor Hanin Naziha
Published: August 2019

The learning environment is defined as “external stimulants” that is exposed or reinforced in learners as a means to challenge their learning experiences. These reinforcements may include physical settings, teaching and learning endeavours, and even cultural and social determiners. This empirical study focuses on the perceived experiences that undergraduates from Brunei, Malaysia, and Indonesia experienced in their Arabic and English language learning environments. This qualitative study employed in-depth interviews with 60 informants that were selected through criterion sampling, snowballing technique. The analysis utilised template analysis. Emerging themes were compared and contrasted, to find similarities and differences. This chapter does not aim to seek the superiority of one learning environment over another but to appreciate the diversity and concord of these institutions. The findings illustrated overlapping, differentiated themes, which included the abovementioned.
Empowering Learning Ethics Culture in Islamic Education
Authors: Huda Miftachul , Khoirurrijal Khoirurrijal , Dacholfany M. Ihsan , Susminingsih Susminingsih , Hashim Azmil , Marni Nurazmalail , Mohamed Ahmad Kilani , Puad Madheil Azaeim Ahmad , Rozali Mohd Hilmi , Maseleno Andino , Muhamad Nasrul Hisyam Nor , Ikhwan Afiful
Published: August 2019

Since every deed is an inextricable link to the process which is well prepared with a goal, possessing the initiative of implementing the learning needs to have a good strategy committed into the clear determination in enabling the stakeholder to deal with in the school context. This chapter aims to critically explore learning ethics culture in Islamic education which needs to pay attention to the learning goal. A critical review from referred books and journals that are linked to the topic was employed through searching for google scholar. The finding reveals that learning ethics culture for learning achievement in Islamic education could be indicated into three core paths: achieving divine engagement-based spiritual commitment, assisting skill performance for personal capability development, and applying knowledge for active involvement in the society. This chapter is expected to enrich the conceptual framework of learning acquisition with paying particular attention to learning ethics culture.
SMEs in the 4th Industrial Revolution
Authors: Walter Justine
Published: August 2019

Apart from the emergence of new technologies, the Fourth Industrial Revolution is characterized by demographic developments that will provoke fundamental changes in the labor markets of many industrialized countries. This situation will especially affect small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that are based in rural regions with rapidly increasing numbers of retirees and an equally rapidly shrinking population of young people. If these companies want to maintain their levels of production in the Fourth Industrial Revolution, they will need to pursue new creative strategies for attracting the best talents. All of this is true for Saxony, a highly industrialized German region with a large percentage of SMEs that is hit hard by declining birth rates and high levels of emigration, and the East Asian society of Taiwan that faces similar challenges. At the same time, many well-educated members of the young generation in both regions feel disrespected, underpaid, and without prospects.
A Review on Cyber Security Mechanisms Using Machine and Deep Learning Algorithms
Authors: Thiyagarajan P.
Published: August 2019

Digitalization is the buzz word today by which every walk of our life has been computerized, and it has made our life more sophisticated. On one side, we are enjoying the privilege of digitalization. On the other side, security of our information in the internet is the most concerning element. A variety of security mechanisms, namely cryptography, algorithms which provide access to protected information, and authentication including biometric and steganography, provide security to our information in the Internet. In spite of the above mechanisms, recently artificial intelligence (AI) also contributes towards strengthening information security by providing machine learning and deep learning-based security mechanisms. The artificial intelligence (AI) contribution to cyber security is important as it serves as a provoked reaction and a response to hackers' malicious actions. The purpose of this chapter is to survey recent papers which are contributing to information security by using machine learning and deep learning techniques.
Hybridization of Machine Learning Algorithm in Intrusion Detection System
Authors: Amudha P.  , Sivakumari S.
Published: August 2019

In recent years, the field of machine learning grows very fast both on the development of techniques and its application in intrusion detection. The computational complexity of the machine learning algorithms increases rapidly as the number of features in the datasets increases. By choosing the significant features, the number of features in the dataset can be reduced, which is critical to progress the classification accuracy and speed of algorithms. Also, achieving high accuracy and detection rate and lowering false alarm rates are the major challenges in designing an intrusion detection system. The major motivation of this work is to address these issues by hybridizing machine learning and swarm intelligence algorithms for enhancing the performance of intrusion detection system. It also emphasizes applying principal component analysis as feature selection technique on intrusion detection dataset for identifying the most suitable feature subsets which may provide high-quality results in a fast and efficient manner.
A Novel Biometric Image Enhancement Approach With the Hybridization of Undecimated Wavelet Transform and Deep Autoencoder
Authors: Sasirekha K.  , Thangavel K.
Published: August 2019

For a long time, image enhancement techniques have been widely used to improve the image quality in many image processing applications. Recently, deep learning models have been applied to image enhancement problems with great success. In the domain of biometric, fingerprint and face play a vital role to authenticate a person in the right way. Hence, the enhancement of these images significantly improves the recognition rate. In this chapter, undecimated wavelet transform (UDWT) and deep autoencoder are hydridized to enhance the quality of images. Initially, the images are decomposed with Daubechies wavelet filter. Then, deep autoencoder is trained to minimize the error between reconstructed and actual input. The experiments have been conducted on real-time fingerprint and face images collected from 150 subjects, each with 10 orientations. The signal to noise ratio (SNR), peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), mean square error (MSE), and root mean square error (RMSE) have been computed and compared. It was observed that the proposed model produced a biometric image with high quality.
Evaluating Public Organizations Using Open Data
Authors: Styrin Evgeny , Dmitrieva Natalya
Published: August 2019

Information openness and stakeholder involvement through ICT become the driving factors of public organization change. In this article, an ecosystem approach is embraced to study the social sphere organizations (SSOs), such as hospitals, schools, and libraries. SSOs report on their activities by publishing information on the Web which can be used to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of these organizations by the public. The opening of data transforms the relationship between SSOs and other stakeholders. In this article, the institutionalization of SSO evaluation system in Russia is studied. The critical role of open data is demonstrated and the inclusion of stakeholders was found to be a key factor to make the evaluation system truly effective. Their study reveals that an ecosystem approach ensures that stakeholder demands are included in SSO evaluation and assessment process. Finally, by summarizing Russian experiences, the authors conclude with problem-oriented recommendations for open government tool application to institutionalize government practices targeted at open government principle implementation.
Business Support as Ongoing Policy Helping Permanency Companies in the State of Colima in Mexico
Authors: Vargas-Hernández José G. , Sánchez José Octavio Estrada
Published: August 2019

The objective of this chapter is to propose the implementation of a plan of continuous support from the government of the State of Colima in Mexico to start-ups and micro-enterprises classified as belonging to the trade and services sector, policy public, to increase the economic units that manage to stay beyond three years and thereby derive social benefits such as employment generation, greater wealth and improving the quality of life of the population of the state. This proposal is given based on the sequential design procedure policies. The method used is the analysis of the national situation. It can be concluded from the analysis on the proposal for a design process of public policy based on the matrix of policy alternatives under the assumption that continuity and permanence of the companies will be positively impacted in the current rates of survival if companies born have the support of the government.
E-Government's Role in Shifting the Paradigm of Performance in the Public Sector
Authors: Noto Lidia
Published: August 2019

The emergence of e-government changed the world of the Public Administration (PA) and the discipline of Public Management dramatically. Through the presentation of a case- study of the municipality of Palermo, this article attempts to discuss the renewed need for assessing performance of e-government services in a local government and to disclose the main critical issues in accomplishing this evaluation. Palermo is experiencing the implementation of a second- generation e-government project that is embodied in the realization of a web portal. The conceptualization of a framework to assess the performance of the digital services appears to be crucial in order to improve the system and to avoid the errors of the first project. This work relies on a survey to the citizens and semi-structured interviews to managers in charge of the development of the project. System Dynamics, a particular kind of dynamic simulation, is used to provide the necessary feedback structure for identifying the determinants of the success of the portal.
Open Justice in Latin America?
Authors: Sandoval-Almazán Rodrigo
Published: August 2019

The new trend of information technology and communications has been adopted by court systems. A similar path follows other powers in the republics: executive branches with e-government portals and legislative branches with informative and participatory portals. Despite the fact that technology has reached the judiciary branch, we know very little about the changes, advantages or disadvantages of this adoption. The purpose of this chapter is to explore the use of technology, especially in the websites portals in the Latin America region. An assessment model, which has been developed by Sandoval and Gil-García (2015) and that has four components: information, interaction, integration and participation, has been implemented on a sample of 25 countries during the month of July, 2015. Findings reveal a great disparity among the different countries in the region.
Enhancing Citizens' Participation via Recommender Systems
Authors: Terán Luis
Published: August 2019

With the introduction of Web 2.0, which includes users as content generators, finding relevant information is even more complex. To tackle this problem of information overload, a number of different techniques have been introduced, including search engines, Semantic Web, and recommender systems, among others. The use of recommender systems for e-Government is a research topic that is intended to improve the interaction among public administrations, citizens, and the private sector through reducing information overload on e-Government services. In this chapter, the use of recommender systems on eParticipation is presented. A brief description of the eGovernment Framework used and the participation levels that are proposed to enhance participation. The highest level of participation is known as eEmpowerment, where the decision-making is placed on the side of citizens. Finally, a set of examples for the different eParticipation types is presented to illustrate the use of recommender systems.
Utilizing Facebook by the Arab World Governments
Authors: Mishaal Dareen A. , Abu-Shanab Emad A.
Published: August 2019

This study explored the importance of social media as a communication channel, and the reasons that lead governments to adopt such channel in their communication. Twelve Arab governments out of all twenty-two Arab countries adopted such strategy and were included in the authors' sample. Governments who adopted such a channel successfully communicated with citizens utilizing commonly used post properties (i.e. Likes, Comments and Shares). This study found that Arab governments posted news and information on Facebook with an average of 102.58 posts per year, which indicates that posting over Facebook is very poor. Also, it is found that using multimedia with different types lead to more communication from the stakeholders compared with posts that didn't use it. Such richness in media improved the communication intensity and lead to communication success. The second major contribution of this study is to build the TPCC index for measuring communication success. Such composite index is an integrated measure from four major indices; transparency, participation, collaboration, and comfort. Detailed results, conclusions, limitations, and future work are explained further.
Open Judiciary in a Closed Society
Authors: Gechlik Mei , Dai Di , Beck Jordan Corrente
Published: August 2019

This chapter examines the open government initiative and the application of open government principles to the court system in China in order to illustrate what “open judiciary”—and, ultimately, an “open state”—looks like in a relatively closed society. The authors present a comprehensive background of China's open government initiative and related court reform efforts, along with critical analysis of trends in “Guiding Cases” (“GCs”), de facto binding precedents released by the Supreme People's Court (SPC) of China, and subsequent cases (“SCs”) that cite GCs. Drawing on these theoretical and empirical studies, the authors discuss the prospects of leveraging China's open government and open judiciary efforts to develop an open state in the country and identify key factors for promoting open judiciary in other closed societies around the world.
Information Management and Strategic Communication for Institutional Change in Ethiopia
Authors: Mitike Nigussie Meshesha
Published: August 2019

The growing need for institutional effectiveness and efficiency in meeting institutionally set objectives cannot be seen independent of information management and strategic communication. As a result, information management and strategic communication practices have become quite useful to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of institutions. To find out the information management and strategic communication situation in the Southern Nations, Nationalities and People's Regional state (SNNPRs) in Ethiopia, primary data were collected from nine zonal departments in selected three most populated zones namely Sidama, Gedeo and Hadiya among the 13 zones in the regional state. The study of the information management and strategic communication activities in the three zones was believed to indicate the overall performance in the public administration practices of the region where the three zones alone comprised almost 40% from 15 million population of the regional state. As part of the study, some secondary sources were also used and relevant literature was reviewed. Then, the data were classified using sex, age, qualification and experience, and also analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean value, standard deviation, T-test and correlation analysis. Based on the analysis, it was found out that the information management and strategic communication practice was less effective due to its intuitional placement where the section was given no or little importance in the institutional administration. Besides, it was found out that most of the challenges and problems related to Business Processing and Reengineering (BPR) implementation for institutional change in the state were quite related to the marginalization of information management and communication practices along with the inadequacy of finance and office equipment, and poor office situations like in the case of Gedeo zone. Actually there was better institutional change/reform in the public administration practices of Hadiya zone than the rest two zones. There was a strong correlation among the zones in information exchange level and challenges of BPR implementation. There was, indeed, about 63% success story in reducing process time, and more than 50% in reducing cost and about 50% success in proper use of resources and creating accountability in Hadiya zone though much more is expected. Sidama and Gedeo zones seem to have by far low successes in BPR implementation.
Experience With Managerial and Political Reform Measures at the Local Level in Slovakia
Authors: Klimovský Daniel
Published: August 2019

This chapter is focused on the Slovak experience with decentralization and relating political and managerial innovations. A main goal is to analyze both managerial and political innovations which have been implemented since 1990, when a democratic local government system with directly elected local government bodies was renewed. An additional aim is to show not only intended outcomes but also the outcomes which can be described as unintended. Main attention is especially paid to inter-municipal cooperation, performance budgeting, participatory budgeting, direct elections of mayors, local referenda, etc. However, attention is paid also to those innovations which have never been implemented in Slovakia, e.g. gender quotas or territorial consolidation (amalgamation).
Local and Urban Administrations, Politics, and Elections in Turkey
Authors: Gül Hüseyin , Kamalak İhsan , Kiriş Hakan Mehmet
Published: August 2019

As a result of comprehensive reforms since the late 1990s, the structures, powers, functions and relations of the central government and local administrations, and of the state, market and civil society have been reshaped in Turkey. Besides, Turkey's democratic and administrative system and the local, metropolitan and regional administrations have been strengthened. This study focuses on the local and urban politics and elections as well as the local administration structure in Turkey. Accordingly, first, this chapter aims to present a conceptual and theoretical background for the paper on local and urban politics. Second, the paper gives a short review of the local administrative system in Turkey. Third, the study focuses on the types and characteristics of the local and urban politics and elections, actors involved, participation patterns, etc. Finally, a short review of the issues discussed in the chapter along with some recommendations is presented.
E-State
Authors: Aham-Anyanwu Nnanyelugo McAnthony , Li Honglei
Published: August 2019

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is known to facilitate governance and citizen participation in States' decision making processes. However, e-governance researchers have argued that beyond the current use of ICT to facilitate already existing means of governance lays the possibility of its use to fundamentally revolutionise public administration. There is the ideation and aspiration for ICT-based States (E-states) which exist without governments, and whose citizens can self-organise and self-govern without the need for institutions. This is a conceptual paper which discusses the viability and prospects of this aspiration. The study reviews literature in the areas of politics, public administration and Information Technology in the context of governance and public administration. This study ultimately argues that the possibility of establishing an E-state will be dependent on changing existing political ideologies and systems of governance to anarchism. As it is, ICT cannot be a substitute for governments and certain governmental institutions but can only help them.
Web Accessibility and Transparency for Accountability
Authors: Angélico Maria José , Silva Amélia , Teixeira Sandrina Francisca , Maia Telma , Silva Anabela Martins
Published: August 2019

Local government is a political power close to citizens and constitutes a mainstay of democracy. Because of their mission, the guidelines promoted by local government must be embedded in strategies of accountability and public communication. In that sense, it is worthwhile to ask if “local government accountability is being an inclusive concept?” In Portugal, transparency of municipalities is being accessed through the Municipality Transparency Index (MTI). The study aim was to investigate whatever MTI measures accessibility. This study examined the availability of local government information on the website for a sample of 86 Portuguese municipalities and presented the results of a quantitative evaluation of the web accessibility based on W3C guidelines, using an automated tool. Based on the main concepts of transparency and accessibility, it explored static association between MTI and web accessibility. This study contributed to the discussion about transparency as a social value and is of great importance for local policy makers and civic movements in favor of disabled people.
Developing an E-Government Training Program
Authors: Abdullah Annie D. A. , Chan Calvin M. L. , Lim Syamimi Ariff
Published: August 2019

Education and training is recognized to be important to the success of e-government. Nonetheless, research in e-government education has remained at a nascent phase. This paper advances the state of e-government education research through a case study. It answers the research question “How to develop an e-government training program.” Through the adoption of stakeholder theory as the theoretical foundation, and the analysis of the case data, a two-stage process model is developed. This model not only provides a theoretical explanatory basis for the process of developing e-government training programs, but also a practical guide for practitioners in developing such training programs. In addition, it is hoped that this paper will serve as a basis upon which future research can take reference in order to develop a cumulative tradition of employing theoretically-based approach to advance the state of e-government education research.
Development Administration in Contemporary Africa
Authors: Afolayan Gbenga Emmanuel , Ogunsanwo Olusegun Abayomi
Published: August 2019

This chapter explores the definitional and conceptual issues in the academic field of development administration and highlights the views about Western models within the grain of African traditional society. It identifies a major set of socio-cultural and economic parameters that strongly characterise or otherwise influence development administration in contemporary Africa. It finds that, in general, Western-oriented approaches remain incongruent with African traditional conventions. The chapter concludes that if a growing emphasis on the socio-cultural components within development administration discourse is a direct response to historical and environmental situations in contemporary Africa, then it is an essential consideration that must shape the field.
The Curbing of Corruption by Formal and Informal Accountability at the Indonesian Local Governments
Authors: Kabullah Muhammad Ichsan , Wahab Syaiful
Published: August 2019

According to the compilation of Corruption Perception Index (CPI) by Transparency International Indonesia on 2006, 2008 and 2010, 85 percent of the Indonesia local governments got a score less than 5 with meaning highly corrupt. However, there are exceptions such as Yogyakarta City. Yogyakarta is one of the areas with relatively low levels of corruption in its local governments in 2006 (5.59), 2008 (6.33), and 2010 (5.81). So, what does Yogyakarta do differently? One of the reasons for the differences in corruption level might be that, where it is widely supposed that corruption is negatively related to accountability, increased accountability is mostly implemented by formal mechanism. Special for Yogyakarta is that it, next to such formal ways of accountability, makes extensive use of informal ways to improve accountability. As such, the success of Yogyakarta as one of the Indonesian regions with the lowest levels of corruption is interesting to study in that it might provide additional insight in existing theoretical perspectives on accountability.
Commercialization of Local Public Services
Authors: Cuadrado-Ballesteros Beatriz , García-Sánchez Isabel María , Martínez-Ferrero Jennifer
Published: August 2019

The most important reason to decentralise the public services delivery is to make the citizens' needs better known by the local governments, so it follows to act more efficiently to their satisfaction. Nonetheless it has been found an opportunistic use of these agencies to avoid legal limits on indebtedness imposed on sub-national administrations, generating fiscal illusion. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to analyse the effect of the functional decentralisation processes on public revenues and financing. The results show that the use of decentralisation process, especially companies are created by left-wing political parties in order to raise more income from commercialization of public services. It was also found that these practices are strongly linked to the municipality's fiscal pressure.
Challenges En-Route Towards E-Governance in Small Developing Island Nations of the South Pacific
Authors: Naz Rafia
Published: August 2019

Papua New Guinea is hampered by many factors pertaining to institutions, socio-economic, technological, legal-political factors amongst others. E-governance though is seen as a new mantra having the potential of solving immense problems from service delivery, is still many a times constrained in its capacity to yield benefits. So, what are the hurdles that Papua New Guinea faces given its contextual setting is the main research objective of this paper. This objective is achieved through a quantitative methodological framework using structured questionnaires in which a sample of 189 respondents was interviewed. The findings of this research highlight that in PNG the following barriers were cited: lack of project management, inadequate technological/data and legal infrastructure, difficulty in change management, insufficient time and money, lack of requisite competencies, improper communication environment, lack of internal will and finally the dominance of external pressure.
Consumers' Awareness of the Value of E-Government in Zambia
Authors: Joseph Bwalya Kelvin , Du Plessis Tanya
Published: August 2019

This study investigates whether e-Government consumers (citizens and businesses) in selected towns in Zambia are aware of the anticipated benefits of e-Government. Awareness translates into recognition of the perceived benefits and may influence adoption as posited in Davis' 1989 technology acceptance model. Using the mixed methods research approach, an investigation follows of consumers' awareness, or lack of awareness, of e-Government benefits in three Zambian towns. To date, no significant empirical study has been done investigating e-Government penetration in Zambia evidenced by consumers' awareness. This article contributes to the current debate on e-Government in Sub-Saharan Africa by means of regression modeling which shows that apart from the traditional factors, namely 'perceived ease of use' and 'perceived usefulness' that influence adoption, the Zambian context also presents additional factors that influence adoption such as culture, cost, trust, and other social dimensions or beliefs.
Barriers to E-Government Adoption in Jordanian Organizations From Users' and Employees' Perspectives
Authors: Al-Refaie Abbas , Ramadna Abeer Mahmoud
Published: August 2019

This research examines the effects of five types of barriers; technology, organization, strategy, policy, and end-user barriers, and investigates their effects on E-government adoption in Jordan using structural equation modeling. A structural model was proposed and then its validity was checked with appropriate measures. A total of 1100 surveys were distributed in person and by electronic ways; of which 600 surveys were distributed to E-government employees, while the remaining were distributed to the users of government e-services. Five hypotheses were tested using the data collected from employees and users. Moreover, the model hypotheses were tested using the data collected from four main Jordanian organizations. The technology barriers were the main obstacle to successful E-government adoption in all organizations. Moreover, the effects of the other four barriers varied among organizations. In conclusion, the results should guide the decision makers in government sector to the right policies and adequate actions that enhance efficiency of E-government adoption.
The Roles of Business Process Modeling and Business Process Reengineering in E-Government
Authors: Kasemsap Kijpokin
Published: August 2019

This chapter reveals the roles of business process modeling (BPM) and business process reengineering (BPR) in eGovernment, thus describing the concepts of eGovernment and BPM; BPM methodologies; business process modeling notation (BPMN); the importance of BPR in government-to-citizen (G2C) e-commerce; the relationship between BPM and eGovernment-based citizen satisfaction; the application of BPR in eGovernment; and the implementation of eGovernment through BPM. eGovernment is a modern trend that is driven by the advances in BPM and BPR as well as the aspirations of citizens who place increasing demands on governments' service. By modeling business processes in eGovernment, public sector organizations can achieve improvements in transparency and reduction in costs and resource requirements, resulting in improved business performance and compliance. The chapter argues that applying BPM and BPR in eGovernment has the potential to enhance public sector performance and achieve organizational goals in public sector organizations.
Fiscal Responsibility and Multi-Level Governance
Authors: Guarini Enrico , Pattaro Anna Francesca
Published: August 2019

Public-policy assumptions regarding sub-national governments' financial behavior are based on economic rationality. Therefore, to achieve fiscal stability at the macro level, central governments use fiscal rules both to constrain the behavior of local policymakers and to resolve deficit/debt biases. Using the Italian fiscal governance system as an illustrative example, this chapter considers both the tensions derived from achieving fiscal responsibility at the national level in a decentralized environment and the difficulties of maintaining adequate performance at the local government level. It is argued that the public management perspective can be helpful not only at the micro level but also at the macro level in developing public policies to promote fiscal stability. It is suggested that public policy should adopt a more holistic approach toward fiscal responsibility in multi-level governance environments. Such an approach requires a deep understanding of the determinants of financial viability of public sector organizations.
Paradox of Service Delivery
Authors: Obicci Peter Adoko
Published: August 2019

This chapter reviews the literature on the paradox of services as a cause for the necessity of PPP. First, the chapter discusses why governments pursue PPPs form the perspectives of both the private and public and how this has brought about the urge for PPPs throughout the world. Second, the chapter reviews the principles of PPP from a current development and management perspectives. Three core elements are crucial for PPP to thrive, and these are finance, skills of the private sector and risk sharing are reviewed. This chapter analyses papers, case-studies and reports concerning the challenge of service delivery provision in the current and concludes that, from a practical perspectives, it is proper that governments ought to rethink their mode of service delivery provision, and that PPP seems to be the right answer in the scenario.
Towards Privacy-Preserving Medical Cloud Computing Using Homomorphic Encryption
Authors: Kocabas Ovunc , Soyata Tolga
Published: August 2019

Personal health monitoring tools, such as commercially available wireless ECG patches, can significantly reduce healthcare costs by allowing patient monitoring outside the healthcare organizations. These tools transmit the acquired medical data into the cloud, which could provide an invaluable diagnosis tool for healthcare professionals. Despite the potential of such systems to revolutionize the medical field, the adoption of medical cloud computing in general has been slow due to the strict privacy regulations on patient health information. We present a novel medical cloud computing approach that eliminates privacy concerns associated with the cloud provider. Our approach capitalizes on Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE), which enables computations on private health information without actually observing the underlying data. For a feasibility study, we present a working implementation of a long-term cardiac health monitoring application using a well-established open source FHE library.
Towards Clinical and Operational Efficiency Through Healthcare Process Analytics
Authors: Koufi Vassiliki , Malamateniou Flora , Vassilacopoulos George
Published: August 2019

In the rapidly changing healthcare industry, keeping up with new technologies and innovations has become less of a desire and more of a requirement. Currently, business intelligence and analytics technologies are becoming breakthrough business drivers. In the face of the demand for provision of high-quality healthcare in a cost-effective way, healthcare organizations are recognizing the strategic role that advanced analytics can play in optimizing their processes. The ability to use data analytics in real time in order to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare processes can lead to better financial and budgetary performance, deeper citizen/patient-centric relationships and significant improvement in the way health care is conceived and delivered. This paper presents a framework for optimizing healthcare processes by analyzing process-related data in order to ensure that processes meet the stated operational and performance objectives. The framework is built on top of a data infrastructure that integrates process-related data from various sources into a structured view, suitable for analytics and decision support. Emphasis is also placed on security and patient privacy during execution of the optimized healthcare processes.
EEMI – An Electronic Health Record for Pediatricians
Authors: Lavariega Juan C. , Garza Roberto , Gómez Lorena G , Lara-Diaz Victor J. , Silva-Cavazos Manuel J.
Published: August 2019

The use of paper health records and handwritten prescriptions are prone to preset errors of misunderstanding instructions or interpretations that derive in affecting patients' health. Electronic Health Records (EHR) systems are useful tools that among other functions can assists physicians' tasks such as finding recommended medicines, their contraindications, and dosage for a given diagnosis, filling prescriptions and support data sharing with other systems. This paper presents EEMI, a Children EHR focused on assisting pediatricians in their daily office practice. EEMI functionality keeps the relationships among diagnosis, treatment, and medications. EEMI also calculates dosages and automatically creates prescriptions which can be personalized by the physician. The system also validates patient allergies. This paper also presents the current use of EHRs in Mexico, the Mexican Norm (NOM-024-SSA3-2010), standards for the development of electronic medical records and its relationships with other standards for data exchange and data representation in the health area.
An Architectural Solution for Health Information Exchange
Authors: Ziminski Timoteus B. , Demurjian Steven A. , Sanzi Eugene , Baihan Mohammed S. , Agresta Thomas
Published: August 2019

Health information technology (HIT) systems including electronic health records (EHRs) have a market saturation nearing 92% at individual institutions but are still unsuited for cross-institutional collaboration of stakeholders (e.g., medical providers such as physicians, hospitals, clinics, labs, etc.) in support of health information exchange (HIE) of different HIT systems in geographically separate locations. In the computer science field, software architectures such as service-oriented architecture, grid computing, publish/subscribe paradigm, and data warehousing are well-established approaches for interoperation. However, the application of these software architectures to support HIE has not been significantly explored. To address this issue, this paper proposes an architectural solution for HIE that leverages established software architectural styles in conjunction with the emergent HL7 standard Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR). FHIR models healthcare data with XML or JSON schemas using a set of 93 resources to track a patient's clinical findings, problems, allergies, adverse events, history, suggested physician orders, care planning, etc. For each resource, a FHIR CRUD RESTful Application Program Interface (API) is defined to share data in a common format for each of the HITs that can then be easily accessible by mobile applications. This paper details an architectural solution for HIE using software architectural styles in conjunction with FHIR to allow HIT systems of stakeholders to be integrated to facilitate collaboration among medical providers. To demonstrate the feasibility and utility of HHIEA, a realistic regional healthcare scenario is introduced that illustrates the interactions of stakeholders across an integrated collection of HIT systems.
The Process of Strategic, Agile, Innovation Development
Authors: Teoh Say Yen , Cai Shun
Published: August 2019

Despite many attempts to introduce computerization in the healthcare industry, the majority of the current healthcare information systems still fail to meet the rising expectations of patients for service. This study aims to understand how agility and innovation capabilities can be strategically nurtured, developed, and managed to upgrade the quality of healthcare services. Based on a case study, a process model is developed to explain that an agile innovation strategy is a complex helix process involving a firm's sensitivity and responsiveness to integrating and reconfiguring its resources to cope with innovative change. Three key managerial contributions for IT and medical practitioners are presented.