bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Une analyse interactionniste de la complémentarité des positions de savoir en recherche collaborative
Authors: Morrissette Joëlle
Published: June 2015

L’approche collaborative s’inscrit dans une perspective de recherche/formation, visant un rapprochement entre la communauté professionnelle et la communauté scientifique au travers d’une démarche de coconstruction de savoirs autour d’un objet de préoccupation mutuelle. Elle repose sur l’hypothèse selon laquelle les praticiens possèdent des savoirs d’action qui leur permettent de se livrer à leurs activités quotidiennes, des savoirs qui peuvent être rendus discursifs par le biais d’un dispositif d’analyse de l’activité professionnelle. Mobilisant une perspective interactionniste, cet article examine la contribution des divers partenaires à la construction du savoir professionnel, soit la rencontre de « positions de savoir » différentes. Il s’attarde de façon plus particulière sur celle du chercheur qui opère une médiation sur le plan de l’objet, mais surtout sur le plan de la démarche, et illustre cette médiation en puisant dans une recherche ayant porté sur les pratiques non instrumentées d’évaluation formative d’enseignantes du primaire.
Au cœur du développement professionnel des enseignants, la conscientisation critique. Exemple d’une recherche collaborative sur l’évaluation formative à l’école primaire genevoise.
Authors: Mottier Lopez Lucie
Published: June 2015

En éducation, la recherche collaborative, au sens de Desgagné (1997), annonce une double visée, celle de soutenir le développement professionnel des acteurs impliqués et celle d’offrir des conditions à la production de savoirs scientifiques sur les pratiques étudiées. À partir d’une recherche collaborative sur des pratiques d’évaluation formative d’enseignants de l’école primaire genevoise, en Suisse, l’article examine plus particulièrement la visée de développement professionnel de celle-ci. Un cadre d’objectivation est proposé en trois dimensions : l’implication des participants dans les activités de recherche, le développement professionnel en termes de savoirs co-construits par le collectif de la recherche, et la conscientisation critique comme indicateur du développement professionnel perçu. À partir de ces trois dimensions croisées, l’article présente l’analyse de la recherche et de ses finalités. Trois plans sont discutés : la situation problème qui a réuni les enseignants et le chercheur autour d’un projet commun, le traitement de cette situation problème par des activités coordonnées de recherche, puis les transformations collectivement perçues du point de vue des compétences professionnelles en jeu.
« L’enseignement moral et civique » : vain projet ou ambition légitime ? Éléments pour un débat
Authors: Kahn Pierre
Published: June 2015

Prévus pour la rentrée 2015, les nouveaux programmes d’enseignement moral et civique (EMC) pour l’école élémentaire sont d’ores et déjà publiés par le Conseil Supérieur des Programmes (CSP). L’article se propose d’interroger la signification qui s’attache, au-delà de son contenu, au projet même d’un enseignement moral, d’examiner les critiques de principe dont ce projet a pu être l’objet et de confronter à ces critiques les orientations générales de la proposition actuelle relative à l’EMC.
Variations franco-allemandes dans le traitement des contenus culturels en classes de langues
Authors: Lemoine Véronique
Published: June 2015

Comment procèdent les professeurs des écoles primaires français et les Lehrer allemands de la Grundschule, lorsqu’ils enseignent des contenus culturels en classe de langues ? Dans cet article, il s’agit de se demander, sans exhaustivité, si et comment les enseignants observés en classe traitent ces contenus dans une approche interculturelle qui met en avant la personne dans sa complexité, dans ses diverses facettes, sans évidence et s’éloigne alors de l’approche culturaliste, décrite comme promouvant des idées figées et réductrices sur les individus. Reposant sur l’étude d’échanges entre enseignants et élèves transcrits, l’article interroge, au regard de la littérature théorique sur la question et par une analyse des marques discursives de subjectivité, le traitement des contenus culturels enseignés ou émergents en classe. La démarche de comparaison construite s’inscrit dans une conception diversitaire qui met en avant les variations dans des pratiques plutôt que les différences. L’article aborde un certain nombre d’exemples en tant que points d’ancrage pour mettre en évidence et interroger des stratégies interculturelles en classe, en contexte spécifique.
The Formation of Usage Intention of Electric Cars
Authors: Barbarossa Camilla , De Pelsmacker Patrick , Beckmann Suzanne C. , Moons Ingrid , Gwozdz Wencke
Published: June 2015

In this chapter we propose a model in which green self-identity (GSI) is an antecedent of both environmental concern (EC) and moral obligation (MO), which in turn influence the attitude towards electric cars (ATT). GSI is also assumed to have a direct effect on ATT. The attitude towards the electric car then determines the intention to adopt it. The model is empirically tested in three culturally different European countries: Denmark, Belgium and Italy. Results show that the three countries differ in the way they develop positive attitudes and intentions towards the electric car on the basis of their green self-identity. In Denmark, GSI strongly and directly leads to positive attitudes. In Belgium, ATT is mainly formed through the development of a strong EC. In Italy, MO plays a dominant role in the development of positive attitudes. We suggest explanations using Hofstede's values framework.
Sleight of Hand or Global Problem
Authors: Wong Sulan , Rojas-Mora Julio , Altman Eitan
Published: June 2015

The neutral nature of Internet has allowed its consolidation as a crucial tool in the dissemination of knowledge and access to culture. Due the creation of new business models of Internet access, a debate about the need of keeping a neutral Internet has emerged, leading to a sudden regulatory process that seems to emerge from a process of public consensus. However, participation in this debate requires knowledge in telecommunications, economics, and law, leaving participation to expert actors. In public consultations on Net Neutrality and in the resulting legal documents, three fundamental problems related to net neutrality are studied. Firstly, what constitutes a neutral, open and free Internet? Secondly, what is the effect of traffic management and what are the consequences of providing differentiated services? Finally, can transparency be an efficient tool to curb potential violations of net neutrality? This article presents the historical background that led to this debate and how its main points have been treated primarily in USA and Europe.
Social Media and Free Knowledge
Authors: Aguilar Jose , Terán Oswaldo
Published: June 2015

Mass media (e.g., TV) and social media (e.g., Facebook) have a large utilization nowadays; they are becoming an integral part of our life. This chapter describes the psychological effects of media bias and manipulation, along its impact on public opinion by using “agenda setting” and “prototypes/framing”. It shows how media can artificially create feelings and emotions. It will also explore the relationships between free knowledge and media. Free knowledge has a strong potential to prevent media manipulation, and for people emancipation from media control. The paper suggests using media in a more humanistic way, as a space to create knowledge, where social interaction influences knowledge. We talk of communities where people regularly share and create knowledge. The media do not replace existing processes of building knowledge; rather they provide an additional dynamic environment, which must meet certain criteria for what the social knowledge will be emancipator, and not manipulative.
Political Framework of the Production and Use of Seeds in Venezuela
Authors: Castro Vladimir Aguilar
Published: June 2015

Political and legal developments addressed to protect traditional knowledge are the result of huge efforts made by different actors at international and at national level. Nevertheless, traditional knowledge is broadly understood as freely accessible. Intellectual property norms are highly developed and strongly protect some knowledge products that are excluded of public domain, such as new varieties of plants. In light of this situation, political and legal tensions emerge in different countries, especially when it has an impact on areas highly profitable for some industries. This is the case of multinational agricultural companies that act globally by using technologies protected by intellectual property rights, threating traditional expressions applied for the use and conservation of seeds by local communities in different countries. In Venezuela, such tensions are present in the 2002 Law about Seeds, Animal Material and Supplies for Biological Reproduction, which is analyzed in this chapter.
Call Admission Control Using Bio-Geography Based Optimization
Authors: Ghosh Sanchita , Konar Amit
Published: June 2015

The chapter proposes a new approach to call admission control in a mobile cellular network using Bio-geography based optimization. Existing algorithms on call admission control either ignore both variation in traffic conditions or velocity of mobile devices, or at most consider one of them. This chapter overcomes the above problems jointly by formulating call admission control as a constrained optimization problem, where the primary objective is to minimize the call drop under dynamic condition of the mobile stations, satisfying the constraints to maximize the channel assignment and minimize the dynamic traffic load in the network. The constrained objective function has been minimized using Bio-geography based optimization. Experimental results and computer simulations envisage that the proposed algorithm outperforms most of the existing approaches on call admission control, considering either of the two issues addressed above.
Case Studies in Transformation towards Industrial Sustainability
Authors: Fernando Lloyd , Evans Steve
Published: June 2015

The paper identifies existing sustainability frameworks that help companies in decision-making, strategy and new thinking. The case studies explore; why the organisation is making the transformation, what is it actually doing and how it finds out what the possibilities are. The paper presents case study analysis of the applicability of the different frameworks for planning for transformation towards industrial sustainability. The paper reports the results of exploratory case studies observed through document analysis and interviews. Cradle-to-Cradle design defines a broad framework for creating eco-effective industrial systems, but for businesses to put this framework into practice they need both the right technologies and the right strategies, which implies a need to collaborate with different actors & stakeholders across the system. It is observed that companies that are willing to experiment, change the business model and work with new partners outside the firm boundary are able to move towards industrial sustainability.
Rare Presentation of Gall Bladder Tuberculosis in a Non Immuno-Compromised Patient
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Hazrah Priya , Taneja Anil , Ahuja Arvind , Sharma Deborshi
Published: June 2015

The gall bladder is least common intraabdominal organ to be involved by tuberculosis. It is either part of systemic miliary tuberculosis or abdominal tuberculosis. Isolated gall bladder tuberculosis is even rarer, can presents either as calculus or acalculus cholecystitis. Gall bladder tuberculosis presenting as a localized perforation with a sinus formation into anterior abdominal wall is unreported complication in a non immuno-compromised person. A 48-year old female presented with a gradually increasing swelling in right hypochondrium. Abdominal ultrasound showed superficial collection over right hypochondrium with intraperitoneal extension. Computed tomography showed localized gall bladder perforation with extension to the abdominal wall. Patient underwent emergency exploration and cholecystectomy with excision of sinus tract and drainage of abdominal wall abscess. Histopathological examination showed granulomatous cholecystitis suggestive of tuberculosis of gall bladder with extension into the sinus tract. She had an uneventful recovery and was treated with 6-month antitubercular therapy after surgery.
OSSERVAZIONI SUL GENERE ALCIDES HÜBNER [1822] E DESCRIZIONE DI DUE NUOVE SPECIE DELL’INDONESIA (LEPIDOPTERA, URANIIDAE)
Authors: Vinciguerra Roberto
Published: June 2015

Vengono descritte e raffigurate due nuove specie del genere Alcides Hübner, [1822] dell’Indonesia, Irian Jaya: Alcides privitera n. sp. (Sorong) ed Alcides leone n. sp. (Timika e Sorong), fornendo, altresì, alcuni dati sul genere di appartenenza. Le femmine e gli stadi preimaginali dei nuovi taxa sono attualmente ignoti.
DISTRIBUTIONAL NOTES OF ARSENURINAE INCLUDING THE FIRST RECORD OF ARSENURA SYLLA NIEPELTI IN ECUADOR (LEPIDOPTERA, SATURNIIDAE)
Authors: Käch Horst , Racheli Luigi
Published: June 2015

Some noteworthy records for six species of Arsenurinae in Ecuador are given. Arsenura sylla niepelti (Schüssler, 1936) is reported for the first time for Ecuador while Paradaemonia platydesmia (Rothschild, 1907) is recorded for the first time for western Ecuador.
A NEW SUBGENUS AND A NEW SPECIES OF TRECHUS FROM ETHIOPIA (COLEOPTERA, CARABIDAE)
Authors: Vigna Taglianti Augusto , Magrini Paolo
Published: June 2015

In the present note Minitrechus, a new subgenus of Trechus, characterized in the 75 male by only the first tarsal segment dilated and dentate, and by much enlarged paramera, bearing three apical setae, clearly isolated from each other, is described. The new species, Trechus (Minitrechus) gypaeti, is light yellow in colour, rather flattened, with little eyes, pronotum not sinuate, with fore and hind angles blunt; third elytral stria with two discal setae. The median lobe of the aedeagus is short, stout, little arcuate, with a copulatory piece triangular, lanceolate and sharpened at the tip, little sclerified. Female gonostyli short and curved, bear a stout and long ensiform seta on the inner edge, flanked by two smaller ones.
A NEW LONGHORN BEETLE FROM SOCOTRA ISLAND (YEMEN) (COLEOPTERA, CERAMBYCIDAE)
Authors: Lo Cascio Pietro , Grita Flavia
Published: June 2015

Iranobrium darwini n. sp. from Socotra Island is described and compared with the other species of the genus. The main differences are in the shape of pronotum, slightly broader than long, and in the absence of velvety tomentose pad on first and second sternites.
IN RICORDO DI CHARLES L. REMINGTON (19 GENNAIO 1922 - 31 MAGGIO 2007)
Authors: Sbordoni Valerio
Published: June 2015

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On the type specimen of Otiorhynchus (Dodecastichus) ambrosii Bertolini, with a catalogue of Dodecastichus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Colonnelli Enzo , Casalini Roberto
Published: June 2015

Study of the type specimen of Otiorhynchus ambrosii Bertolini, 1893 allowed to reinstate the synonymy: Dodecastichus mastix (Olivier, 1807) [= Otiorhynchus (Dodecastichus) ambrosii Bertolini, 1893; syn. n.]. As a consequence, the following synonymy is also established: Dodecastichus consentaneus (Boheman, 1842) [= Otiorhynchus (Dodecastichus) consentaneus alticola A. Solari & F. Solari, 1915; syn. n.]. A revised list of Dodecastichus Stierlin, 1861 is also drawn up to correct some errors in the latest 2013 catalogue, to include the revised synonymies above, and additional data on all the species of the genus. The alternative original spelling Dodecastichus oligostictus (J. Müller, 1946) is selected over Dodecastichus oligolepis (J. Müller, 1946), both used in the description of this species.
A new species of Otiorhynchus from central Asia (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Magnano Luigi , Colonnelli Enzo
Published: June 2015

is described and illustrated the parthenogenetic species Otiorhynchus (Eprahenus) cooteri sp. n. from Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, close to the amphigonic O. aksudshabaglinus Bajtenov, 1974 from an adjoining area of Kazakhstan. The new species is allied with other central asiatic O. (Eprahenus), with all of which is shortly compared, whereas other members of the subgenus occurring in the Caucasus and surrounding area appear rather distantly related with the ones here considered. Otiorhynchus kasakhstanicus Arnoldi, 1964 is moved to O. (Zariedus) Reitter, 1912 from O. (Eprahenus) Reitter, 1912.
Establishing a pharmacotherapy induced ototoxicity programme within a service-learning approach
Authors: Schellack Natalie , Wium Anna M. , Ehlert Katerina , Van Aswegen Yolande , Gous Andries
Published: June 2015

Pharmacotherapy-induced ototoxicity is growing, especially in developing countries such as South Africa. This highlights the importance of ototoxicity monitoring and management of hearing loss. This article focuses on the establishment of an ototoxicity clinic as a site for the implementation of a service-learning module in the Audiology programme. The clinic offers a unique opportunity of collaboration between pharmacists and an audiologist where pharmacotherapy-induced ototoxicity is uniquely monitored. The Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University (SMU) provides training to both the disciplines audiology and pharmacy. The main aim of this article is to describe how ototoxicity monitoring is implemented in the curriculum within such an academic service-learning approach. Through service learning students develop a deeper understanding of course content, acquire new knowledge and engage in civic activity. It simultaneously provides a unique opportunity for interdisciplinary collaboration between the disciplines of audiology and pharmacy. The objectives for this programme are therefore to facilitate learning and to provide a service to the local community by identifying, preventing and monitoring medicine-induced hearing loss in in-hospital and out-patients; as well as to establish inter-disciplinary collaboration between the disciplines and stakeholders for more effective service delivery. The constant interdisciplinary teamwork between the audiologist, pharmacist, physician and nursing staff in the wards results in best practice and management of patients with ototoxic damage.
Synthetic Extracellular Microenvironment for Modulating Stem Cell Behaviors
Authors: Chandra Prafulla , Lee Sang Jin
Published: June 2015

The innate ability of stem cells to self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell types makes them a promising source for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. Their capacity for self-renewal and differentiation is largely influenced by the combination of physical, chemical, and biological signals found in the stem cell niche, both temporally and spatially. Embryonic and adult stem cells are potentially useful for cell-based approaches; however, regulating stem cell behavior remains a major challenge in their clinical use. Most of the current approaches for controlling stem cell fate do not fully address all of the complex signaling pathways that drive stem cell behaviors in their natural microenvironments. To overcome this limitation, a new generation of biomaterials is being developed for use as three-dimensional synthetic microenvironments that can mimic the regulatory characteristics of natural extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and ECM-bound growth factors. These synthetic microenvironments are currently being investigated as a substrate with surface immobilization and controlled release of bioactive molecules to direct the stem cell fate in vitro, as a tissue template to guide and improve the neo-tissue formation both in vitro and in vivo, and as a delivery vehicle for cell therapy in vivo. The continued advancement of such an intelligent biomaterial system as the synthetic extracellular microenvironment holds the promise of improved therapies for numerous debilitating medical conditions for which no satisfactory cure exists today.
Novelty Seeking as a Phenotypic Marker of Adolescent Substance Use
Authors: Bidwell L. Cinnamon , Knopik Valerie S. , Audrain-Mcgovern Janet , Glynn Tiffany R. , Spillane Nichea S. , Ray Lara A. , Riggs Nathaniel R. , Guillot Casey R. , Pang Raina D. , Leventhal Adam M.
Published: June 2015

Trait novelty seeking has been consistently implicated in substance use, yet the origins and mechanisms of novelty seeking in substance use proneness are unclear. We aimed to characterize novelty seeking as a phenotypic marker of substance use proneness in adolescence, a critical period for drug use experimentation. To this end, we parsed novelty seeking's two constituent subdimensions – exploratory excitability (drive for novel experience) and impulsiveness (careless decision-making) – and explored the individual relations of these dimensions to: (1) the use of a variety of licit and illicit substances, (2) family history of substance use, and (3) subjective drug effects. Five hundred eighty five adolescents (mean age = 14.5 years) completed surveys of key variables. Results indicated that, when accounting for the covariation among exploratory excitability and impulsiveness, impulsiveness emerged as the more salient correlate of substance use and was independently associated with initiation of nearly all drug classes. Mediation analyses of the mechanisms of novelty seeking-related risk illustrated that impulsiveness mediated the association of family history of substance use with both initiation and past 30-day frequency of use. Both impulsiveness and exploratory excitability were associated with increased positive and negative subjective drug effects, and the analyses supported a significant indirect pathway from impulsiveness to a more frequent use via positive subjective effects. Although limited by a cross-sectional design, these findings suggest that impulsiveness-like aspects of the novelty seeking construct may represent a useful phenotypic marker for early substance use proneness that potentially (1) increases initiation risk, (2) has familial origins, and (3) promotes more frequent use by altering subjective drug response.
The POLARCAT Model Intercomparison Project (POLMIP): overview and evaluation with observations
Authors: Emmons L. K. , Arnold S. R. , Monks S. A. , Huijnen V. , Tilmes S. , Law K. S. , Thomas J. L. , Raut J.-C. , Bouarar I. , Turquety S. , Long Y. , Duncan B. , Steenrod S. , Strode S. , Flemming J. , Mao J. , Langner J. , Thompson A. M. , Tarasick D. , Apel E. C. , Blake D. R. , Cohen R. C. , Dibb J. , Diskin G. S. , Fried A. , Hall S. R. , Huey L. G. , Weinheimer A. J. , Wisthaler A. , Mikoviny T. , Nowak J. , Peischl J. , Roberts J. M. , Ryerson T. , Warneke C. , Helmig D.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. A model intercomparison activity was inspired by the large suite of observations of atmospheric composition made during the International Polar Year (2008) in the Arctic. Nine global and two regional chemical transport models participated in this intercomparison and performed simulations for 2008 using a common emissions inventory to assess the differences in model chemistry and transport schemes. This paper summarizes the models and compares their simulations of ozone and its precursors and presents an evaluation of the simulations using a variety of surface, balloon, aircraft and satellite observations. Each type of measurement has some limitations in spatial or temporal coverage or in composition, but together they assist in quantifying the limitations of the models in the Arctic and surrounding regions. Despite using the same emissions, large differences are seen among the models. The cloud fields and photolysis rates are shown to vary greatly among the models, indicating one source of the differences in the simulated chemical species. The largest differences among models, and between models and observations, are in NOy partitioning (PAN vs. HNO3) and in oxygenated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as acetaldehyde and acetone. Comparisons to surface site measurements of ethane and propane indicate that the emissions of these species are significantly underestimated. Satellite observations of NO2 from the OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) have been used to evaluate the models over source regions, indicating anthropogenic emissions are underestimated in East Asia, but fire emissions are generally overestimated. The emission factors for wildfires in Canada are evaluated using the correlations of VOCs to CO in the model output in comparison to enhancement factors derived from aircraft observations, showing reasonable agreement for methanol and acetaldehyde but underestimate ethanol, propane and acetone, while overestimating ethane emission factors.
High ice water content at low radar reflectivity near deep convection – Part 1: Consistency of in situ and remote-sensing observations with stratiform rain column simulations
Authors: Fridlind A. M. , Ackerman A. S. , Grandin A. , Dezitter F. , Weber M. , Strapp J. W. , Korolev A. V. , Williams C. R.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Occurrences of jet engine power loss and damage have been associated with flight through fully glaciated deep convection at −10 to −50 °C. Power loss events commonly occur during flight through radar reflectivity (Ze) less than 20–30 dBZ and no more than moderate turbulence, often overlying moderate to heavy rain near the surface. During 2010–2012 Airbus carried out flight tests seeking to characterize the highest ice water content (IWC) in such low-Ze regions of large, cold-topped storm systems in the vicinity of Cayenne, Darwin, and Santiago. Within the highest IWC regions encountered, at typical sampling elevations circa 11 km, the measured ice size distributions exhibit a notably narrow concentration of mass over area-equivalent diameters of 100–500 μm. Given substantial and poorly quantified measurement uncertainties, here we evaluate the consistency of the Airbus in situ measurements with ground-based profiling radar observations obtained under quasi-steady, heavy stratiform rain conditions in one of the Airbus-sampled locations. We find that profiler-observed radar reflectivities and mean Doppler velocities at Airbus sampling temperatures are generally consistent with those calculated from in situ size distribution measurements. We also find that column simulations using the in situ size distributions as an upper boundary condition are generally consistent with observed profiles of Ze, mean Doppler velocity, and retrieved rain rate. The results of these consistency checks motivate an examination of the microphysical pathways that could be responsible for the observed size distribution features in Part 2.
Large-eddy simulation of turbulent winds during the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident by coupling with a meso-scale meteorological simulation model
Authors: Nakayama H. , Takemi T. , Nagai H.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. A significant amount of radioactive material was accidentally discharged into the atmosphere from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant from 12 March 2011, which produced high contaminated areas over a wide region in Japan. In conducting regional-scale atmospheric dispersion simulations, the computer-based nuclear emergency response system WSPEEDI-II developed by Japan Atomic Energy Agency was used. Because this system is driven by a meso-scale meteorological (MM) model, it is difficult to reproduce small-scale wind fluctuations due to the effects of local terrain variability and buildings within a nuclear facility that are not explicitly represented in MM models. In this study, we propose a computational approach to couple an LES-based CFD model with a MM model for detailed simulations of turbulent winds with buoyancy effects under real meteorological conditions using turbulent inflow technique. Compared to the simple measurement data, especially, the 10 min averaged wind directions of the LES differ by more than 30 degrees during some period of time. However, distribution patterns of wind speeds, directions, and potential temperature are similar to the MM data. This implies that our coupling technique has potential performance to provide detailed data on contaminated area in the nuclear accidents.
Patterns and persistence of hydrologic carbon and nutrient export from collapsing upland permafrost
Authors: Abbott B. W. , Jones J. B. , Godsey S. E. , Larouche J. R. , Bowden W. B.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. As high latitudes warm, vast stocks of carbon and nitrogen stored in permafrost will become available for transport to aquatic ecosystems. While there is a growing understanding of the potential effects of permafrost collapse (thermokarst) on aquatic biogeochemical cycles, neither the spatial extent nor temporal duration of these effects is known. To test hypotheses concerning patterns and persistence of elemental export from upland thermokarst, we sampled hydrologic outflow from 83 thermokarst features in various stages of development across the North Slope of Alaska. We hypothesized that an initial pulse of carbon and nutrients would be followed by a period of elemental retention during feature recovery, and that the duration of these stages would depend on feature morphology. Thermokarst caused substantial increases in dissolved organic carbon and other solute concentrations with a particularly large impact on inorganic nitrogen. Magnitude and duration of thermokarst effects on water chemistry differed by feature type and secondarily by landscape age. Most solutes returned to undisturbed concentrations after feature stabilization, but elevated dissolved carbon, inorganic nitrogen, and sulfate concentrations persisted through stabilization for some feature types, suggesting that aquatic disturbance by thermokarst for these solutes is long-lived. Dissolved methane decreased by 90% for most feature types, potentially due to high concentrations of sulfate and inorganic nitrogen. Spatial patterns of carbon and nutrient export from thermokarst suggest that upland thermokarst may be a dominant linkage transferring carbon and nutrients from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems as the Arctic warms.
Representing life in the Earth system with soil microbial functional traits in the MIMICS model
Authors: Wieder W. R. , Grandy A. S. , Kallenbach C. M. , Taylor P. G. , Bonan G. B.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Projecting biogeochemical responses to global environmental change requires multi-scaled perspectives that consider organismal diversity, ecosystem processes, and global fluxes. However, microbes, the drivers of soil organic matter decomposition and stabilization, remain notably absent from models used to project carbon (C) cycle–climate feedbacks. We used a microbial trait-based soil C model with two physiologically distinct microbial communities, and evaluate how this model represents soil C storage and response to perturbations. Drawing from the application of functional traits used to model other ecosystems, we incorporate copiotrophic and oligotrophic microbial functional groups in the MIcrobial-MIneral Carbon Stabilization (MIMICS) model; these functional groups are akin to "gleaner" vs. "opportunist" plankton in the ocean, or r- vs. K-strategists in plant and animal communities. Here we compare MIMICS to a conventional soil C model, DAYCENT (the daily time-step version of the CENTURY model), in cross-site comparisons of nitrogen (N) enrichment effects on soil C dynamics. MIMICS more accurately simulates C responses to N enrichment; moreover, it raises important hypotheses involving the roles of substrate availability, community-level enzyme induction, and microbial physiological responses in explaining various soil biogeochemical responses to N enrichment. In global-scale analyses, we show that MIMICS projects much slower rates of soil C accumulation than a conventional soil biogeochemistry in response to increasing C inputs with elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) – a finding that would reduce the size of the land C sink estimated by the Earth system. Our findings illustrate that tradeoffs between theory and utility can be overcome to develop soil biogeochemistry models that evaluate and advance our theoretical understanding of microbial dynamics and soil biogeochemical responses to environmental change.
Dynamics of the Oso-Steelhead landslide from broadband seismic analysis
Authors: Hibert C. , Stark C. P. , Ekström G.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. We carry out a combined analysis of the short- and long-period seismic signals generated by the devastating Oso-Steelhead landslide that occurred on 22 March 2014. The seismic records show that the Oso-Steelhead landslide was not a single slope failure, but a succession of multiple failures distinguished by two major collapses that occurred approximately 3 min apart. The first generated long-period surface waves that were recorded at several proximal stations. We invert these long-period signals for the forces acting at the source, and obtain estimates of the first failure runout and kinematics, as well as its mass after calibration against the mass-centre displacement estimated from remote-sensing imagery. Short-period analysis of both events suggests that the source dynamics of the second event is more complex than the first. No distinct long-period surface waves were recorded for the second failure, which prevents inversion for its source parameters. However, by comparing the seismic energy of the short-period waves generated by both events we are able to estimate the volume of the second. Our analysis suggests that the volume of the second failure is about 15–30% of the total landslide volume, giving a total volume mobilized by the two events between 7 × 106 and 10 × 106 m3, in agreement with estimates from ground observations and lidar mapping.
Comparison of wheat and safflower cultivation areas in terms of total carbon and some soil properties under semi-arid climate conditions
Authors: Turgut B.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. The aim of this study was to compare the soils of the wheat cultivation area (WCA) and the safflower cultivation area (SCA) within semi-arid climate zones in terms of their total carbon, nitrogen, and sulphur contents, particle size distribution, aggregate stability, organic matter content, and pH values. This study presents the results from the analyses of 140 soil samples taken at two soil layers (0–10 and 10–20 cm) in the cultivation areas. At the end of the study, it was established that there were significant differences between the cultivation areas in terms of soil physical properties such as total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), total sulphur (TS) contents and pH, while only the TN content was significantly different between the two soil layers. Moreover, significant differences were identified between the cultivation areas in terms of soil physical properties including clay and sand contents, aggregate stability, and organic matter content, whereas the only significant difference found among the soil layers was that of their silt content. Since safflower contains higher amounts of biomass than wheat, we found higher amounts of organic matter content and, therefore, higher amounts of TN and TS content in the soils of the SCA. In addition, due to the fact that wheat contains more cellulose – which takes longer to decompose – the TC content of the soil in the WCA was found to be higher than that in the SCA. The results also revealed that the WCA had a higher carbon storage capacity.
Evaluation of vineyard growth under four irrigation regimes using vegetation and soil on-the-go sensors
Authors: Terrón J. M. , Blanco J. , Moral F. J. , Mancha L. A. , Uriarte D. , Marques da Silva J. R.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Precision agriculture is a useful tool to assess plant growth and development in vineyards. The present study focused on spatial and temporal analysis of vegetation growth variability, in four irrigation treatments with four replicates. The research was carried out in a vineyard located in the southwest of Spain during the 2012 and 2013 growing seasons. Two multispectral sensors mounted on an all-terrain vehicle (ATV) were used in the different growing seasons/stages in order to calculate the vineyard normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) was also measured up to 0.8 m soil depth using an on-the-go geophysical sensor. All measured data were analysed by means of principal component analysis (PCA). The spatial and temporal NDVI and ECa variations showed relevant differences between irrigation treatments and climatological conditions.
Modifiable Factors Associated with Achievement of High-Volume Post-Dilution Hemodiafiltration: Results from An International Study
Authors: Marcelli Daniele , Kopperschmidt Pascal , Bayh Inga , Jirka Tomas , Merello Jose I. , Ponce Pedro , Ladanyi Erzebeth , Di Benedetto Attilio , Dovc-Dimec Reina , Rosenberger Jaroslav , Stuard Stefano , Scholz Caecilia , Grassmann Aileen , Canaud Bernard
Published: June 2015

Background

The aim was to investigate factors associated with the successful achievement of ≥21 l/session of substitution fluid volume in patients on post-dilution hemodiafiltration.

Methods

3315 patients treated in 6 European countries with the Fresenius 5008 CorDiax machine including the AutoSub Plus feature were considered. Variables that showed a relationship with convection volume were entered in a multivariable logistic regression model.

Results

Mean blood flow was 379 ± 68 ml/min. Median substitution volume was 24.7 L (IQR 22.0–27.4 L). Mean filtration fraction was 28.3 ± 4.1%. 81.5% of sessions qualified as high-volume HDF (substitution volumes ≥21 L). Higher age, dialyzer surface area, blood flow and treatment time were positively associated with the achievement of ≥21 L substitution volume; higher body mass index, male gender, higher hematocrit, graft or catheter vs. fistula, and start of week vs. mid-week were negatively associated.

Conclusions

Dialysis center policy in terms of blood flow, treatment time, filter size, and perhaps even hemoglobin targets plays a key role in achieving high-volume HDF. All of these are modifiable factors that can help in prescribing an optimal combination of dialyzer size, achievable blood flows, and treatment times.
Media Activism from Above and Below: Lessons from the 1940s American Reform Movement
Authors: Pickard Victor
Published: June 2015

The 1940s was a contentious decade for US media policy. Activists, policymakers, and communication industries grappled over media's normative foundations and regulatory guidelines. At this time, a reform agenda was taking shape at both the grassroots social movement level and inside elite policy circles. This paper examines the tensions within this nascent media reform movement, many of which are still negotiated among media activists today. By recovering contingency and conflict, this research sheds light on larger paradigmatic shifts. It suggests that despite significant reform activism in the 1940s, a commercial, self-regulated media system emerged largely inoculated against further structural challenges. The failures of this reform movement hold important lessons for contemporary activists.
Security and Privacy of Performing Data Analytics in the Cloud: A Three-way Handshake of Technology, Policy, and Management
Authors: Rastogi Nidhi , Gloria Marie Joan Kristine , Hendler James
Published: June 2015

The cloud platform has paved the road for faster set up of infrastructure and related goals for both startups and established organizations. However, concerns around security and privacy of user information have suppressed its wider acceptance and an all-encompassing deployment, especially in business-critical applications. We explore security and privacy concerns that occur when data is exchanged between a cloud service provider (CSP) and a primary cloud user. Our thesis asserts that “technology, policy, and sound management” of the cloud service in collaboration have the potential to provide a holistic solution, one that none of the subsets of the approaches can offer separately.
Regulating Extraction in Africa: Towards a Framework for Accountability in the
Global South
Authors: Besada Hany Gamil , Lisk Franklyn , Martin Philip
Published: June 2015

This paper explores how revenue flows from the extractive sector can have
substantial multiplier effects on the rest of the economy in resource-endowed countries
in the Global South. The aim is to demonstrate that in order to fully benefit from
extraction practices, countries in the Global South must adopt measures to address
issues such as weak governance, the exploitative practices of foreign investors,
mismanagement, corruption, undervaluation of mineral assets, revenue mismanagement, and
various forms of taxation manipulation and evasion. Through literature examples in
various African countries, this research concludes that the Global South should focus on
constructing national regulatory frameworks that emphasise revenue
transparency.
EKOLOŠKA KOMPONENTA ODRŽIVOG RAZVOJA BANjSKOG TURIZMA SRBIJE
Authors: Ilić Dragana , Stamenković Predrag , Conić Momčilo
Published: June 2015

Veliki broj termomineralnih izvora, duga tradicija banjskih mesta i njihov značaj za razvoj turizma učinili su da banjski turizam postane jedan od najrazvijenijih oblika turizma u Srbiji. Ovaj oblik turizma je, tokom vremena, ispoljavao brojne specifičnosti. Mnoge od njih su prisutne i danas, a odnose se na naglašenu koncentraciju prometa u toku letnjih meseci, sve kraći prosečan boravak gostiju, kao i veliko učešće komplementarnih smeštajnih kapaciteta u odnosu na osnovne. Cilj ovog rada je naglašavanje ekološke komponente u održivom razvoju banjskog turizma u Srbiji.
BRENDIRANA HRANA KAO POTENCIJAL ZA RAZVOJ TURIZMA
Authors: Đorđević Teodora , Ilić Dragana , Conić Momčilo , Stamenković Predrag
Published: June 2015

Tema ovog rada je korišćenje brendiranja kao moćnog alata za povećanje vrednosti prehrambenih proizvoda ali i poboljšanje turizma u oblastima iz kojih dolaze. Naime, brendiranje potrošačima pruža garanciju kvaliteta a proizvođačima obezbeđuje diferencijaciju proizvoda. U savremenim tržišnim uslovima, javio se manjak zdravih, tradicionalnih, lokalnih poljoprivrednih proizvoda na tržištu, a tražnja i cena istih porasle su zbog njihove retkosti i važnosti za potrošače. Brendirani poljoprivredni proizvodi potrošačima predstavljaju garanciju za zadovoljenje sofisticiranih potreba te su oni često povod putovanja. U ovom radu skreće se pažnja na važnost proizvoda sa dodatom ekonomskom vrednošću za turizam, i na mogućnosti osmišljavanja turističkih usluga u vezi sa ovim proizvodima.
ШТЕТНИ ЕФЕКТИ КОРИШЋЕЊА МОБИЛНОГ ТЕЛЕФОНА КОД ДЕЦЕ
Authors: Bašić Ana , Viduka Dejan
Published: June 2015

Посматрано са здравственог, етичког и социјалног аспекта мобилни телефони представљају опасност за децу предшколског и школског узраста. Неопходно је указати на ризике који постоје при употреби мобилног телефона код деце старости до 10 година. Из нашег разлога, потребно је сагледати неке битне аспекте коришћења мобилних телефона од стране деце, као што су узраст и број деце која користе мобилни телефон, доступност Интернета посредством мобилног телефона, познавање безбедносних информација при употреби мобилног телефона, итд. У раду су приказани резултати истраживања спроведеног на узорку од 50 родитеља деце предшколског и школског узраста везани за наведене аспекте. Каоинструмент за прикупљање одговарајућих података неопходних за истраживање коришћен је електронски упитник. На крају рада изложени су предлози за смањење постојећих ризика, а све у циљу заштите здравља и безбедности деце.
ZLOUPOTREBE ELEKTRONSKE POŠTE
Authors: Ubavić Vladica , Bogdanović Branislav , Milićević Violeta
Published: June 2015

Kada želimo da dobro i razumno objasnimo na koji način Internet radi i funkcioniše, nedvosmisleno naglašavamo da je to neformalan i jedan potpuno otvoren medij. Na Internetu informacije (podaci) slobodno teku i svakako  ako slobodno teku svima su i dostupne, što ima za cilj da svako svoje informacije može i da plasira u svet. Potpuna i u pravom smislu reči Demokratija rekli bi mnogi. Međutim, nažalost Internet sve više liči na potpunu anarhiju. Sve je više korisnika interneta koji slobodu, odnosno anonimnost, koju pruža “globalna mreža” tumače na jedan sasvim pogrešan način. Takvi korisnici Interneta koriste internet servise na takav način da nanose veliku štetu, kako drugim internet korisnicicima, tako i velikim organizacijama i sistemima koji posluju na “mreži”. Uzimajući u obzir značaj sigurnosti elektronske pošte, u ovom radu analizirani su  negativni efekti zloupotrebe, kao i načini zaštite elktronske pošte.
Les sons wyandots perçus par des oreilles étrangères
Authors: Kopris Craig , Dorais Louis-Jacques
Published: June 2015

Les transcriptions de la langue wyandote varient beaucoup selon ceux qui la transcrivent et selon leur langue maternelle. Cette note de recherche démontre que le fait de connaître le système de sons de la langue maternelle des transcripteurs peut ultimement mieux nous éclairer sur les particularités phonétiques de la langue wyandote. Plus particulièrement, en comparant les choix orthographiques d’anglophones comme William Connelley avec ceux de francophones comme Marius Barbeau, ou encore de locuteurs d’autres langues iroquoiennes tels que J.N.B. Hewitt (un Tuscarora), nous pouvons cibler les sons qu’ils ont réellement entendus puisque les transcriptions dont ils faisaient usage étaient basées sur la phonologie de leurs langues respectives.
Mémoire généalogique et mariages consanguins chez les Qoms du Chaco argentin
Authors: Tola Florencia , Deschamps Geneviève
Published: June 2015

Le but de cet article est d’analyser deux aspects du système de parenté des Tobas (Qoms) du Chaco argentin : la mémoire généalogique et les mariages consanguins. À cette fin, l’auteure analyse d’abord les données ethnographiques et généalogiques recueillies entre 2002 et aujourd’hui dans trois communautés du centre de la province de Formosa, dans le Chaco argentin : San Carlos, Santo Domingo et Riacho de Oro, puis elle démontre l’existence d’une inflexion matrilinéaire dans la mémoire des hommes et des femmes tobas en examinant quelques cas de mariages consanguins.
Registered report: Interactions between cancer stem cells and their niche govern metastatic colonization
Authors: Incardona Francesca , Doroudchi M Mehdi , Ismail Nawfal , Carreno Alberto , Griner Erin , Anna Lim Minyoung ,   Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology
Published: June 2015

The Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology seeks to address growing concerns about reproducibility in scientific research by replicating selected results from a substantial number of high-profile papers in the field of cancer biology published between 2010 and 2012. This Registered report describes the proposed replication plan of key experiments from ‘Interactions between cancer stem cells and their niche govern metastatic colonization’ by Malanchi and colleagues, published in Nature in 2012 (Malanchi et al., 2012). The key experiments that will be replicated are those reported in Figures 2H, 3A, 3B, and S13. In these experiments, Malanchi and colleagues analyze messenger RNA levels of periostin (POSTN) in pulmonary fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells isolated from mice with micrometastases to determine which cell type is producing POSTN in the metastatic niche (Figure 2H; Malanchi et al., 2012). Additionally, they examine MMTV-PyMT control or POSTN null mice to test the effect of POSTN on primary tumor growth and metastasis (Figures 3A, 3B, and S13; Malanchi et al., 2012). The Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology is a collaboration between the Center for Open Science and Science Exchange, and the results of the replications will be published in eLife.