bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Features of modifications of phraseological units in modern English-, German-, French- and Spanish-language versions of the Bible: linguistic and cultural aspect
Authors: Mikhailova Evgenia Vladimirovna , Gulevets Natalia Aleksandrovna
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the study is to establish the causes, ways and mechanisms of substitution of linguistic units that are a component of phraseological units functioning in multilingual texts of canonical versions of the Bible, in comparison with their modified versions in modern versions of the translation. The scientific novelty of the research lies in an integrated approach to the study of the process, trends and causes of modification of biblical phraseological units in the texts of the Bible translated into English, German, French and Spanish in diachrony; over the course of four centuries (XVII-XXI centuries), individual linguistic units that are components of quoted phraseological units have been subjected to substitution under the influence of both linguistic and extralingual factors, which in turn makes it possible to note the possible cultural recoding of these nations in the future. This article presents the results of a comparative analysis of biblical phraseological units and their modifications in the linguistic and cultural aspect. The linguistic factors of substitutions of components of quoted biblical phraseological units include such phenomena as the development of national languages, the phenomenon of polysemy, as well as the modernization of the religious language and the democratization of the presentation of the Holy Scriptures of Christians. Changing in the conditions of social and ordinary life of European nations are considered to be the extralinguistic factors.
Elements of the metamodern category "depth" in H. Mantel's novel "Bring Up the Bodies"
Authors: Merculova Mayya Gennadivena , Lavrenteva Irina Vladimirovna
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this study is to identify the features of the implementation of the elements of the "depth" category of metamodern in the modern historical novel by British writer H. Mantel "Bring Up the Bodies". The paper presents aspects of the theory of architectonics of metamodern poetics, which make it possible to justify the use of the concept of "depth" as its separate category. The authors have formulated a list of the main elements of the category. The results of the analysis of their author's interpretation in the modern British historical novel are presented. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the authors for the first time considered the concept of "depth" of the metamodern in relation to the field of literary criticism, and also for the first time analyzed the historical novel in the context of the theory of metamodernism. As a result of the conducted research, it was revealed that the category of "depth" of the meta-modern is used by H. Mantel in the form of a number of techniques that help the author create a sense of the reader's presence in the mind of the protagonist in order to achieve a deep immersion of the audience into the atmosphere of the reconstructed era of 16th-century England.
Functioning peculiarities of constructions with the modal meaning of conditionality in “Russkaya Pravda”
Authors: Tkachenko Arina Igorevna , Maltseva Anastasiia Ilinichna
Published: June 2024

The article deals with the analysis of conditional complex sentences in the body of ancient Russian laws “Russkaya Pravda”. The aim of the study is to identify the basic principles of the grammatical structure and functioning of the constructions with the modal meaning of conditionality. The scientific novelty of the undertaken research lies in considering complex sentences with conditional clauses as the main text-forming structure in the organization of the Old Russian legal written monument. The results obtained showed that the text of “Russkaya Pravda” consistently uses syntactic constructions with the modal meaning of conditionality, which are implemented using complex sentences with the meaning of condition. The study identified three groups of constructions with the modal meaning of conditionality. The cause-and-effect relationship is clearly visible in these constructions: the first group is complex sentences with the meaning of condition, expressed using the conjunctions ‘аще’, ‘аже’, ‘оже’, ‘иже’; the second group is represented by sentences in which the meaning of conditionality is expressed using the connecting conjunction ‘a’; the third group is syntactic constructions with a conjunction ‘или’ meaning ‘if’, as well as sentences conveying conditional relations without using any conjunctions.
Application of holographic coding to increase the reliability of information transmission in noise communication channels
Authors:   Ufa University of Science and Technology 450076, Russia, Ufa, Z. Validi Street, 32, Timofeev A.L. , Sultanov A.Kh. ,   Ufa University of Science and Technology 450076, Russia, Ufa, Z. Validi Street, 32, Meshkov I.K. ,   Ufa University of Science and Technology 450076, Russia, Ufa, Z. Validi Street, 32, Gizatulin A.R. ,   Ufa University of Science and Technology 450076, Russia, Ufa, Z. Validi Street, 32
Published: June 2024

Two options for using previously developed holographic coding to increase the reliability of information transmission in a communication channel with an unmanned aerial vehicle are considered – digital channel coding and spectral coding. It is shown that the holographic code has high noise immunity and provides a probability of correct decoding of more than 0.9999 with a probability of error in the channel of 0.34. Spectral holographic coding ensures reliable communication in the presence of noise and intentional interference, the power of which is 10 dB higher than the signal power, which in turn ensures the secrecy of the communication channel. An additional advantage of spectral coding is increased resistance to intersymbol interference, which makes it possible to eliminate the introduction of guard intervals and increase spectral efficiency, and reduces the requirements for stability of the sampling frequency when performing FFT in the receiver demodulator.
Influence of phenol content on some operational properties of absorbent oils
Authors: Nesterenko S.V., , Bannikov A.L.
Published: June 2024

DOI: 10.31081/1681-309X-2024-0-1-15-21 Specialty 161. U.D.C. 66.074.382:665.004.12 INFLUENCE OF PHENOL CONTENT ON SOME OPERATIONAL PROPERTIES OF ABSORBENT OILS © S.V. Nesterenko, Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, (State Enterprise “Ukrainian State Research Institute for Carbochemistry (UKHIN)”, 7 Vesnina str., Kharkiv, 61023, Ukraine), A.L. Bannikov (National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", 2, Kyrpychova str., Kharkiv, 61002, Ukraine) The shutdown of centralized processing of phenolic raw materials once again raises the issue of the need to implement the process of dephenolization of the wash oil and to consider the feasibility of standardizing the phenol content in it. This problem has a history as long as the use of a coal tar wash oil as absorbent for capturing benzene hydrocarbons. Recent studies have emphasized the importance of studying the effects of oil degradation initiators such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, resins, iron and corrosion products. The purpose of this study was to conduct an experiment to determine the effect of phenol content in the absorbing oil on certain characteristics. This was intended to provide additional arguments to justify the feasibility of implementing the process of dephenolization of benzene hydrocarbon absorbers. A mixture of phenols was added to the sample of working oil in the following approximate ratio, in which they are in the absorbing fraction, namely 30 % xylenol isomers, 5 % cresol isomers, 65 % higher phenols (β-naphthol). Electrochemical determination of the corrosion rate of the solution obtained from aqueous extracts of oil samples showed that the presence of phenols does not increase corrosion processes caused by the presence of aggressive components. It can even be argued that the presence of phenols somewhat reduces corrosion processes by forming a film on the metal surface or reducing the concentration of active components near its surface. It was found that oil with phenol additives above the usual phenol content does not show a significant increase in the tendency to coke formation. On the contrary, higher phenols are inhibitors of radical oxidation reactions, which occur up to a certain limit in the processes of coke formation. Moreover, phenols show some inhibitory effect in a fairly wide temperature range (430-800 °C). Keywords: absorbent oil, phenols, dephenolization of the heavy fraction, corrosion rate, coke number. Corresponding author: S.V. Nesterenko, e-mail: nesterhnamg@gmail.com
Rational technological bases of production of coke with specified electrical resistivity
Authors: Shulga I.V. , Sytnyk O.V. , Zelenskii O.I. , Vladymirenko V.V.
Published: June 2024

DOI: 10.31081/1681-309X-2024-0-1-8-15 Specialty 161. U.D.C. 661.66.2:537.311/.312 RATIONAL TECHNOLOGICAL BASES OF PRODUCTION OF COKE WITH SPECIFIED ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY © I.V. Shulga, Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, O.V. Sytnyk, Ph.D. in Technical Sciences (State Enterprise “Ukrainian State Research Institute for Carbochemistry (UKHIN)”, 7 Vesnina str., Kharkiv, 61023, Ukraine), O.I. Zelenskii, Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, V.V. Vladymirenko (National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", 2, Kyrpychova str., Kharkiv, 61002, Ukraine) The article is devoted to the practically important issue of obtaining coke with a specific electrical resistance of no more than 0.1 Ohm∙cm for the needs of blast furnace production. Achievement of this indicator should occur simultaneously with the improvement of the entire range of properties of blast furnace coke. It is noted that the concept of production of blast furnace coke of improved quality consists of the formation of a rational raw material base, ensuring proper coking technology and post-furnace coke treatment. It has been shown that the production of high-quality blast furnace coke with low resistivity requires: high sinterability and coking capacity of the charge based on highly sinterable coals; coking pressure of the coal charge not exceeding 7 kPa; coking speed not exceeding 24 mm/hour; final coking temperature of 1050-1100 °C; maximum temperature level in the heating system not exceeding 1410 °C. It is confirmed that in order to obtain a low electrical resistivity, it is necessary to produce coke with the most ordered anisotropic structure. It is shown that the resistivity of coke naturally changes when used in blast furnace production: the destruction of lumps leads to the formation of fragments of different sizes. At the same time, coarser fragments have lower resistivity values, and smaller ones, characterized by an increased concentration of structural defects that are the centers of crack formation, have a higher resistivity. After gasification with carbon dioxide, the number of structural defects increases in grains of any size due to the weakening of the surface due to chemical interaction, so the resistivity of coke increases and becomes almost equal for both coarser and finer grains. Keywords: hard coal coke, blast furnace production, resistivity, vertical temperature, final coking temperature, coke gasification. Corresponding author I.V. Shulga, e-mail: ko@ukhin.org.ua
Efficiency of coke utilisation with specified values of electrical resistivity
Authors: Vladymirenko V.V. , Dyakova N.M. , Shulga I.V.
Published: June 2024

DOI: 10.31081/1681-309X-2024-0-2-28-32 Specialty161, 051. U.D.C. 661.66.2:537.311/.312 EFFICIENCY OF COKE UTILISATION WITH SPECIFIED VALUES OF ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY © V.V. Vladymirenko, N.M. Dyakova (National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", 2, Kyrpychova str., Kharkiv, 61002, Ukraine), I.V. Shulga, Ph.D. in Technical Sciences, (State Enterprise “Ukrainian State Research Institute for Carbochemistry (UKHIN)”, 7 Vesnina str., Kharkiv, 61023, Ukraine) The article shows that ensuring the specified values of coke resistivity for different directions of its use allows achieving a positive effect in metallurgical production. It is noted that the resistivity of coke for modern blast furnaces using pulverised coal should be minimal. This is ensured by the proper final coking temperature, which makes it possible to obtain coke with the required level of readiness – the final temperature should be at least 1100 оС. This reduces not only the specific electrical resistance of coke, but also its reactivity. The post-reaction strength of the coke is also significantly increased. This makes it possible to reduce coke consumption for pig iron production and increase the productivity of blast furnaces. As a result, it can be achieved the generation of an additional profit of UAH 377.20 per ton of coke. The resistivity of ferroalloy coke, unlike blast furnace coke, should be as high as possible, which will increase the amount of heat generated in the electric circuit of ferroalloy furnaces and used for endothermic reduction reactions. Therefore, lower coke readiness and lower final coking temperatures are sufficient to produce ferroalloy coke. The use of such coke makes it possible to increase the productivity of electric furnaces for smelting ferroalloys and reduce the consumption of raw materials and electricity. According to the results presented in this article, the additional profit is 4741.37 UAH per ton of coke. The weighted average efficiency of the use of coke with given values of resistivity in the national economy, determined by the volume of coke use in various industries, is 464.48 UAH per ton of coke. Keywords: coal coke, electrical resistivity, post-reaction strength, blast furnace production, ferroalloy production, economic efficiency. Corresponding author I.V. Shulga, e-mail: ko@ukhin.org.ua
Development of entrepreneurship in the industrial market: historical aspects and current trends
Authors: Pogodina Tatiana , Ustinova Olga , Muzhzhavleva Tatiana , Udaltsova Natalya
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the work is to identify historical trends and current trends in the behavior of entrepreneurs in the market of industrial goods in the conditions of transformational processes on the example of the Russian economy. Based on the study of historical aspects and modern directions of entrepreneurship development, the article identifies institutional factors influencing entrepreneurial intentions. The role of various industries in the formation and transition to higher technological structures is investigated. The article examines the advantages of Russian metallurgical enterprises from the perspective of entrepreneurship development.
"Thin" Structure of Relations in MCDM Models. Equivalence of the MABAC, TOPSIS(L1) and RS Methods to the Weighted Sum Method
Authors:   Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Mukhametzyanov Irik , Pamucar Dragan ,   Széchenyi István University, Hungary
Published: June 2024

This paper introduces the conceptual framework of the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) rank model, which embodies the integration and harmonization of the aggregation method, the weighing method, the decision matrix normalization technique, and the selection of distance metrics. This definition serves to broaden the spectrum of acceptable MCDM methodologies for problem-solving and specifiing the associated tools. A Multi-Method Model (3M) approach is employed for multi-criteria selection to enhance the reliability of the results. The methodology is outlined for adjusting the rankings of alternatives to account for the distinguishability of ratings in a particular MCDM model using the Relative Performance Indicator (RPI) of alternatives. Through RPI, four methods are established for aggregating individual characteristics of alternatives that yield identical results: Weighted Sum Model (WSM), Multi-Attributive Border Approximation area Comparison (MABAC), Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solutions (TOPSIS (L1)), and Ratio System approach (RS), eliminating the need to duplicate these methods in the 3M approach. A comprehensive comparison of numerous multi-criteria methods is conducted based on two lists: ranking and rating. Additionally, a method for step-by-step linear transformation of alternative ratings obtained from various MCDM models is defined, facilitating comparison and aggregation of ratings.
Forecasting Social, Geopolitical, and Economic Events Using the Banchenko Technology (Banchenko Algorithm, Banchenko Mnemonic Synchronization): 'Banchenko-Market' (Market of Predictions, Lucid Dreams, and Other Transcendental States of Consciousness Allowing High-Probability Forecasts)
Authors: Banchenko Denis , Kapustin Mykhailo Mykhailovich , Burilova Tatyana , Budanova Anna Sergeevna , Bukach Irina , Blokhin Ilya , Mutsalkhanova-Yushchenko Olena , Nekhaev Igor Nikolaevich , Prokofyeva Olga , Kazakov Vadim Stanislavovich , Krestianinova Tatiana , Irina Grivtcova , Savelyev Ivan , Bilovodenko Vlada , Lev Shishkin
Published: June 2024

This article presents a study on the interdependence between subjective experience gained through lucid dreaming and objectively observable processes dependent on collective consciousness. Relying on theoretical research in the field of consciousness, collective conscious and unconscious, and experimental data, assumptions about the nature of such interrelation have been made. A concept is proposed for discussion on the formation of structures capable of utilizing such phenomena for controlled types of activities such as: making economic-political decisions, managing investments, and shaping social transformations. The article introduces a digital system for managing event forecasts and market trends developed by BlackRock Corporation. Various aspects of the market - overvalued companies, potential risks, the impact of political projects on the financial world, as well as possible areas of future financial crises - are under the purview of the artificial intelligence used within BlackRock.
Earth’s most needed uncultivated aquatic prokaryotes
Authors: Simon Sophie A. , Aschmann Vera , Behrendt Annika , Hügler Michael , Engl Lisa M. , Pohlner Marion , Rolfes Sönke , Brinkhoff Thorsten , Engelen Bert , Könneke Martin , Rodriguez-R Luis M , Bornemann Till , Nuy Julia K. , Stach Tom L. , Beblo-Vranesevic Kristina , Leuko Stefan , Runzheimer Katharina , Moeller Ralf , Conrady Marius , Huth Markus , Trabold Thomas , Herkendell Katharina , Probst Alexander J.
Published: June 2024

Aquatic ecosystems house a significant fraction of Earth’s biosphere, yet most prokaryotes inhabiting these environments remain uncultivated. While recently developed genome-resolved metagenomics and single-cell genomics techniques have underscored the immense genetic breadth and metabolic potential residing in uncultivated Bacteria and Archaea, cultivation of these microorganisms is required to study their physiology via genetic systems, confirm predicted biochemical pathways, exploit biotechnological potential, and accurately appraise nutrient turnover. Over the past two decades, the limitations of culture-independent investigations highlighted the importance of cultivation in bridging this vast knowledge gap. Here, we collected more than 80 highly sought-after uncultivated lineages of aquatic Bacteria and Archaea with global ecological impact. In addition to fulfilling critical roles in global carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycling, many of these organisms are thought to partake in key symbiotic relationships. This review highlights the vital contributions of uncultured microbes in aquatic ecosystems, from lakes and groundwater to the surfaces and depths of the oceans and will guide current and future initiatives tasked with cultivating our planet’s most elusive, yet highly consequential aquatic microflora.
Cybersickness Abatement from Repeated Exposure to VR with Reduced Discomfort
Authors: Doty Taylor , Kelly Jonathan , Gilbert Stephen B. , Dorneich Michael
Published: June 2024

Cybersickness, or sickness induced by virtual reality (VR), negatively impacts the enjoyment and adoption of the technology. One method that has been used to reduce sickness is repeated exposure to VR, herein Cybersickness Abatement from Repeated Exposure (CARE). However, high sickness levels during repeated exposure may discourage some users from returning. Field of view (FOV) restriction reduces cybersickness by minimizing visual motion in the periphery, but also negatively affects the user’s visual experience. This study explored whether CARE that occurs with FOV restriction generalizes to a full FOV experience. Participants played a VR game for up to 20 minutes. Those in the Repeated Exposure Condition played the same VR game on four separate days, experiencing FOV restriction during the first three days and no FOV restriction on the fourth day. Results indicated significant CARE with FOV restriction (Days 1-3). Further, cybersickness on Day 4, without FOV restriction, was significantly lower than that of participants in the Single Exposure Condition, who experienced the game without FOV restriction only on one day. The current findings show that significant CARE can occur while experiencing minimal cybersickness. Results are considered in the context of multiple theoretical explanations for CARE, including sensory rearrangement, adaptation, habituation, and postural control.
Number is more than meets the eye: Unveiling segmentation mechanisms in numerosity perception with visual illusions.
Authors: Adriano Andrea
Published: June 2024

Animals and humans are endowed with an adaptive ability to rapidly extract approximate numerical information from sets, yet the underlying visual mechanisms are poorly understood. Evidence suggests that visual approximate numerosity relies on segmented perceptual units, modulated by grouping cues. Indeed, perceived numerosity decreases when objects are connected by irrelevant-lines without varying low-level features. However, approximate numerosity perception has been largely studied with physical objects. Illusory contours (ICs) are crucial psychophysical tools for uncovering segmentation mechanisms built into the visual cortex. Strikingly, “illusory” objects are subjected to several perceptual biases (e.g., tilt aftereffect) akin to physical objects, indicating a common processing mechanism. Here, to unveil further similarities between real and ICs processing, we tested whether approximate numerical ICs perception is affected by connectedness grouping. In a forced-choice task, participants compared pairs of stimuli containing Ehrenstein-like ICs with varying numerosity, interspersed with four physical task-irrelevant lines. We manipulated the number of connected pairs (0, 2, or 4), aligning the lines to the gaps triggering ICs, while keeping low-level features constant across connectedness levels. Results revealed a monotonic numerosity underestimation as connections increased, and a constant precision implying a Weber-like encoding of numerosity. Furthermore, connectedness causes a proportional cost in reaction-times. These results clearly show that numerical processing of ICs ensembles is subjected to the same connectedness effect observed with real objects, suggesting a shared visual segmentation/grouping mechanism for approximate numerosity extraction from both real and ICs objects. Results are discussed in light of their significance for artificial intelligence models of visual perception.
Analysis of 5G Network Quality of Service on VoIP Application
Authors: Yuliani Putri R.A Rizka Qori , Anhar Anhar , Saputra Anggi , Caniago Rama Putra , Harianja Rosarindo
Published: June 2024

Based on the results of the research conducted, it can be concluded that the 5G network at Airport shows excellent performance in supporting the use of VoIP applications such as Instagram, WhatsApp, and Zoom. This is indicated by a consistent category 4 index on all measured parameters, namely throughput, packet loss, delay, and jitter. In terms of throughput, although there are variations between the three apps, all values are still sufficient to support voice and video calls with good quality. In fact, the lower throughput value on the Zoom app does not mean that the video call quality is poor, especially for one-on-one calls or with few participants. Furthermore, the absence of packet loss in all three applications indicates excellent connection stability. This is an important indicator showing that all the data sent and received by the apps made it to their destination without being lost midway, which is essential for ensuring clear voice and video quality. Meanwhile, very low delay and jitter indicate that data transmission is fast and consistent. This is especially important for real-time communications such as video calls, where delays or variations in the arrival time of data packets can disrupt call quality. Overall, the results of this study show that the 5G network at Airport is capable of supporting the use of VoIP applications with good quality. This is an important finding, given the importance of VoIP in everyday life, both for personal and professional communication. Therefore, this research hopes to make an important contribution in understanding and maximizing the potential of 5G network in supporting VoIP communication at Airport.
Socio-economic Condition of Guhele Chhopnarayan Community Forest on Rural Livelihood of Bhojpur Municipality-3, Gupteshwor, Dawan
Authors: Rai Saran Kumar
Published: June 2024

This paper examines the relationship of community forest with livelihood of rural people. Basically, social, economic and management aspects of the community forest have been discussed in this study. This article is based on primary and secondary data and it follows descriptive research design and quantitative approach. There is two-way relationship between community forest and livelihood of rural people that has been sustained for long time. Rural people apply different techniques to grow forest products and they also use forest products for the fulfillment of their needs. The user groups of this forest have been taken some direct advantages from forest products and also benefitted socially and economically through various forest management activities. Rural people mainly depend on the community forest for firewood, animal fodders and timber products that supports their livelihood. This article focuses on how the well management of community forest is taking place according to the national policy.
Assessing Service Quality of Bike Sharing Service within Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Chaudhary Ambika , Kumar Shrestha Pradeep , Shrestha Saurav
Published: June 2024

Embracing a sustainable transportation paradigm requires a shift towards more eco –friendly modes of travel such as bike sharing services like Pathao & Indrive, Introducing a potentially disruptive and beneficial change to the transportation landscape in Nepal, bike-sharing hold a significant presence in Kathmandu, evidenced by their daily ridership and public recognition. Being a comparatively new concept, its service assessment becomes critical for the persistence of the facility. Perceived service quality assessment is a result of convoluted decision making process which require careful considerations of various factors including observed and unobserved variables. The study focuses on evaluating the service quality of Pathao & Indrive bike service employing the concept of structural equation modeling through the identification of unobserved influencing factors. Six latent variables were identified through factor analysis. An empirical model was developed to identify the interactions among major variables affecting service quality. SPSS 22 and SPSS Amos 21 were used for model development. The findings of the study presented that, the variable that have significant effect on service quality, was user’s safety followed by latent variables service accessibility & application efficiency. The study will provide practical insights to these services to enhance their effectiveness and usability making the service more acceptable. It will also provide clarity in understanding to inform adoption of suitable policy decisions.
Assessment of Relationship between Asphalt Concrete Pavement Performance Indicators: Pavement Condition Index and RoadRoid based International Roughness Index
Authors: Shrestha Saurav , Pradhananga Rojee , Kumar Thapa Santosh , Thapaliya Sudeep , Ram Shrestha Aadarsha
Published: June 2024

Pavement condition assessment is one of the important tasks to be carried out to prioritize maintenance needs of the road. The Pavement Condition Index and International Roughness Index are some of the most widely used and comprehensive indices for the assessment of pavement condition. The maintenance planning is generally carried out in terms of SDI in Nepal which is only a subjective measure so PCI can be used as a more objective indicator than SDI. The PCI is more representative of the overall condition of the pavement surface by considering all forms of distresses. Whereas, IRI, which is a measure of perceived road roughness is mainly concerned with the ride quality and is based on the distresses occurring on the wheel path. The research aimed to develop the correlation between the two indices to look for usability of either of the indices whenever required. For the determination of PCI, visual inspection survey was carried out based on which the distress type, density and severity were quantified. The IRI data was collected with the help of RoadRoid application after calibration and validation using Laser Profiler. The data matching in respective sections was carried out and relationships between the two indices are determined in terms of linear, logarithmic and polynomial models of different degree. The coefficient of determination for polynomial relationship model was found to be the highest with coefficient of determination of 0.7858. All the models presented with negative correlation between the indices indicating the increase in IRI would cause the decrease in PCI value and vice versa.
Cut Slope Stability Analysis on Terrain with Slope at Besishahar, Lamjung
Authors: Poudyal Aabha , Dahal Apoorwa , Shrestha Jasmine , Timilsina Manita
Published: June 2024

Building construction on sloped terrain presents a myriad of challenges that necessitate specialized engineering solutions and careful planning. Though the cut slopes are prone to failure, the increase in urbanization makes construction in such landscape inevitable. The complex topography of this region poses significant scientific and technological challenges, demanding innovative solutions for slope stability analysis and effective mitigation measures. This study incorporates geotechnical and geological study of the Manab Sewa Ashram Site in Besishahar, the cut slope failure analysis using Limit Equilibrium Method and Kinematic failure analysis and suggesting mitigating measure. Three different profiles with critical slopes were selected to represent the overall area for Slope Stability modeling and Kinematic Failure Analysis. The calculation of Factor of Safety for slope stability was done using Slide v.6.020 software under Rocscience package. Since non-engineered cutting of slopes is predominantly existing in the context of Nepal, slope management contributes by majorly focusing on the safety of the structure on or around the slopes.
Facial Emotion Recognition System Using CNN for Song Mapping
Authors: Paudel Narayan , Neupane Saugat , Shrestha Smarika , Nepal Suyasha , Chapagain Pralhad
Published: June 2024

This project introduces a novel system that integrates Facial Emotion Recognition (FER) with music mapping to enhance human-computer interaction. Leveraging a custom Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) algorithm, developed using the FER2013 dataset, we classify emotions into four categories- happy, sad, neutral, and angry- employing Haar Cascade for precise face detection and grayscale conversion for optimal CNN input. Our custom CNN demonstrates superior performance, achieving a testing accuracy of 77.23%, notably surpassing established models like VGG16 and ResNet50, which achieved 55.87% and 62.76% respectively. This system swiftly identifies emotions and recommends songs from the "278k Emotion Labeled Spotify Songs" playlist, aiming to boost user satisfaction. Through nuanced comparisons with VGG16 and ResNet50, our approach underscores its inherent strengths, suggesting promising advancements in Facial Emotion Recognition (FER) and music recommendation systems. With a focus on precision in emotion detection, our system subtly elevates user experience, contributing meaningfully to ongoing research in the field.
Design of Major Components of Green Urea Production Plant
Authors: Poudel Toyanath , Bhandari Sabin , Thapa Yuvraj , Nepal Samundra
Published: June 2024

Green urea refers to urea produced using renewable energy sources such as municipal solid wastes (MSW) to create a more sustainable and eco-friendly approach to waste management and urea production. As the economy, population, and living standards proliferate swiftly, municipal solid waste has become a significant challenge, particularly in developing countries such as Nepal. This project aims to size the major components of a green urea plant that uses decomposable and combustible waste as feedstock. 15 CSTR digesters with a volume of 53323.2 m3 produced 41473.2 m3 of biogas to convert 740.6 Tons Per Day (TPD) of decomposable waste and 220.06 TPD of combustible waste into 574.4 TPD of green urea. A circulating fluidized bed gasifier, a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyzer, and an air separation unit using the cryogenic process were also selected. The study also involved picking a tubular steam methane reformer as the primary and an auto-thermal steam methane reformer as the secondary steam methane reformer. The shift reaction was carried out using a catalytic water gas shift reactor, and a three-bed type ammonia reactor was chosen for the Haber Bosch process. Finally, the Snamprogetti process was selected for urea synthesis.
In addition, the study involves the preparation of a 2D system layout to understand the process flow and a 3D solid works drawing to visualize the plant design. The financial analysis of the green urea plant includes the calculation of CAPEX and OPEX, and it is found that total capital investment is 431.45 M$ and operating expenses are 102.2M$/year. Gasification, steam methane reformer, Air separation unit, ammonia synthesis, urea synthesis, electrolyzer, water gas shift reactor, and anaerobic digestion plant consist 7.15%, 13.55%, 3.32%, 16.13%, 26.12%, 13.37%, 13.43% and 6.93% of total capital investment respectively and 14.62%, 1.61%, 7.78%, 19.73%, 5.71%, 32.6%, 12.9% and 14.62% of total operating costs per year.
Impact of Capital Expenditure on Economic Growth: A Study of Nepal
Authors: Bhatta Amrit Babu
Published: June 2024

In countries like Nepal, government spending objectives range from promoting market-driven stability to intervening for alleviating suffering and preventing business loss, reflecting the tension between laissez-faire and interventionist approaches in economic development. The study explores government expenditure's role in Nepal's economic growth using econometric models like the Engle-Granger Cointegration Test and Error Correction Model. Recurrent, capital, and total expenditures are compared with GDP as indicators of Nepal's economic growth, showing significant positive relationships. The Unit Root Test indicates all variables becoming stationary after differencing once. The Johansen Test reveals 2 co-integrating equations, indicating enduring relationships among variables. Co-integrating Relation analysis demonstrates RE, CE, TE, and C's significant impact on GDP, with a low Durbin-Watson statistic suggesting possible autocorrelation. The Error Correction Term analysis highlights the significance of D(RE), D(CE), D(TE), and C, while ECT(-1) is significant at a 10% level. While the model explains a significant portion of GDP variation, additional factors must be considered for policymaking.
Assessing the Impact of Dividend Policies on the Market Valuation of Development Banks in Nepal
Authors: Dongol Padam , Shrestha Anuj
Published: June 2024

This research delved into the assessing the impact of dividend policies on the market valuation of development banks in Nepal. Employing a cross-survey methodology, the study utilized data from secondary sources, specifically the annual reports of various development banks. The sample for the study included four national development banks, covering the time span from 2014/15 to 2020/21. Both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were applied in analyzing the data. The dependent variable in this research was the market price, with independent variables including the price-earnings ratio, dividends, and earnings. The results indicated that price-to-earnings ratios and earnings per share exerted a positive and significant influence on the market price. Conversely, dividends per share showed no impact. Consequently, the market price movement is not consistently determined by the dividends paid out by the company.
Transformational Leadership in Organizational Change of Nepalese Banking Organization
Authors: Rijal Madhu
Published: June 2024

This seminar report explores into the impact of transformational leadership on organizational change in Nepal’s organizational sector, emphasizing its ability to inspire innovation and adaptability among employees. It highlights the challenges faced by Nepalese industries and the need for strategic organizational transformations. Through a conceptual lens, the report underscores the importance of transformational leadership, encompassing idealized influence, consideration, intellectual stimulation, innovation, and inspirational motivation. By fostering intellectual stimulation and inspiring employees, transformational leaders facilitate the generation of new knowledge and drive organizational change effectively. The study offers managerial insights and research recommendations tailored to the dynamic and globalized landscape of today’s business environment.
Examining Ethical Conduct Among Employees and Governance Standards in Suryabinayak Municipality, Bhaktapur, Nepal: A Case Analysis
Authors: Bhandari Rita
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the crucial role of ethical conduct among public sector employees in Suryabinayak Municipality, Bhaktapur, Nepal, aiming to improve local government service delivery. Findings indicate satisfactory levels of ethical behavior, awareness of good governance principles, and transparency. However, challenges such as corruption, political interference, and bureaucratic obstacles persist, hindering effective governance. Recommendations emphasize the importance of ethical behavior to ensure equity, transparency, and quality in local government services. The study adopts a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative analysis with qualitative insights gathered through questionnaires and interviews.
Impact of Migration among Farmers of Surkhet, Nepal
Authors: Magar Esther Budha , Sharma Bhawani , Budha Bhumi Kumari , Khatri Ghana Shyam , Gurung DB , Marhatta Deepak
Published: June 2024

Despite 66% of people's engagement in agriculture in 2021, shifts from farming to adopting alternative jobs have been observed due to reduced income and poverty, leading to migration. Arable lands are left abandoned due to a shortage of farmers across Nepal. The research objectives were to assess the status of assets among farmers with any family members who migrated and those who did not migrate and to understand farmers' opinions regarding external migration. A cross-sectional study was conducted randomly through a lottery in wards 2 and 11 of Birendranagar municipality in Surkhet district. The study purposively selected seventy-five farmers and prepared semi-structured questionnaires, which we pretested among 10% of farmers. After obtaining written informed consent, the data were entered in Excel and analyzed in SPSS version 16. Out of 64 farmers holding agricultural land, the majority without migrated family members (54.7%) had their land, whereas 3.1% of farmers left their rain-fed agricultural land barren. 24.2% of farmers without any migrated members reared 11 to 20 livestock, compared to 12% of farmers with migrated members in the family. 53% of farmers without migrated members planted trees within their lands, compared to 34.7% having migrated members. 84% of farmers believe external migration is essential, whereas 16% believe in staying in their homeland and continuing agriculture. The farmers without any migrated family members were observed to have more agricultural land, rear livestock, and plant trees around their houses. The majority of farmers were found to believe that external migration is vital for development, and they expressed their interest in shifting towards alternative jobs if provided with the opportunities. In the long term, the interests of farmers may lead to a shortage of agricultural labor and food insecurity.
Addressing Mental Health Challenges in Nepal: A Review of Policies, Status, and Strategies for Improvement
Authors: Prajapati Rama , Lamichhane Aarju , Shrestha Bhanu , Shah Lata Kusum , Siddique Mariyam , Singh Pankaj Kumar , Bhattarai Stuti , Manandhar Sujina , Giri Suja
Published: June 2024

Mental health is a crucial aspect of overall well-being, encompassing an individual's emotional, psychological, and social well-being. In Nepal, mental health issues are a significant concern, with challenges related to governance, policy implementation, and service delivery. This review examines the mental health status in Nepal, analyzes existing policies, and proposes strategies for improvement. Databases, including ScienceDirect, Springer, NepJol, PubMed, and Google Scholar, were searched to gather relevant literature. The review identified key challenges in Nepal's mental health system, including the lack of a revised and fully implemented mental health policy, discriminatory provisions in the legislation, inadequate planning and funding at the district level, and limited workforce and resources. Despite positive developments, such as including mental health in general health policies and NGO involvement, significant barriers remain. To improve mental health in Nepal, it is essential to implement public policies favoring mental health, train individuals in personal skills, promote healthy lifestyles, and intervene through community actions. These strategies aim to create supportive environments and increase awareness of mental health issues, ultimately improving the population's overall well-being.
Role of Homestay for Promotion of Rural Tourism
Authors: Subedi Bed Kumari
Published: June 2024

Among various tourists are attractions in Nepal. The area boasts natural landscapes, diverse ecosystems, a serene atmosphere, and a variety of ethnic cultures, all of which draw visitors. A study was carried out to investigate the role of Home stays in advancing rural tourism and to identify tourism-related challenges. The participants included locals, hotel owners, domestic and international tourists, government employees, among others, totaling 40 individuals. The researcher actively engaged in gathering primary data through structured and semi-structured questionnaires and key informant interviews. Findings indicate significant tourism potential due to numerous attractions such as lakes, peaks, cultural events, and agricultural sites. However, local residents noted a low number of foreign tourists and expressed enthusiasm for tourism promotion despite challenges like inadequate coordination between authorities and local promoters, as well as limited funding.
Strategi Komunikasi Beat Radio Dalam Menarik Minat Pendengar Di Era Digital
Authors: Widyaningsih Dhika , Soraya Iin , Muntazah Arina
Published: June 2024

Era digital merupakan suatu masa dimana sebagian besar masyarakat pada era tersebut menggunakan sistem digital dalam kehidupan sehari-harinya. Saat ini banyak masyarakat yang menggunakan internet dikehidupan sehari-hari seperti membaca buku, membaca berita, hingga berbelanja.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui deskripsi strategi komunikasi yang digunakan beat radio dan mengetahui apa saja strategi komunikasi yang dilakukan beat radio untuk menarik minat pendengar. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori S-O-R menunjukan bahwa komunikasi merupakan sebuah proses reaksi-aksi.Pendekatan ini dijadikan sebagai peninjau dalam menganalisis terkait strategi komunikasi radio. Metode yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini adalah Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif, ada dua hasil yang diperoleh dari tulisan yang dijelaskan pada jurnal ini. Yang pertama, beat radio melakukan strategi komunikasi dengan beberapa tahap yaitu perencanaan, tujuan, pesan dan media yang digunakan.  Kedua, beat radio melakukan strategi komunikasi dengan mengikuti komunitas atau menjalin kerjasama untuk mendapatkan pendengar, selain itu beat radio melakukan strategi dengan memanfaatkan media sosial yang sering di gunakan oleh masyarakat, seperti Instagram, Youtube, Twitter, TikTok, dan juga aplikasi streaming beatradio.id.
Un gobierno de hombres y no de leyes
Authors: Palacios-Sommer Armando
Published: June 2024

La Cuarta Transformación es un misterio en cuanto a lo que se desea lograr. A pesar de ello, se ha procedido a atacar el marco normativo vigente si se le asocia con la llamada etapa neoliberal o si impide las decisiones o acciones que se considera sean conducentes a los cambios que se considera necesarios para el país. Esta situación genera dos dudas: 1. ¿La transformación es un plan basado en una teoría que explica por qué ese rechazo al marco normativo?, y 2. ¿La Constitución misma facilita este tipo de comportamientos que parecen oportunistas, aunque existan justificaciones creíbles e incluso válidas para esos ataques a la normatividad? No parece existir un plan que determine las acciones, solo la necesidad de crear nuevas reglas del juego.
To plasma electrons motion theory in high-frequency fields
Authors: Koshtybayev T. , Aliyeva M.
Published: June 2024

The article is dedicated to the kinetic theory of plasma, where the problem of interaction of high-frequency electric fields with weakly non-uniform plasma is investigated using kinetic equations with binary collision integrals for plasma particles. A new methodology for determining the expression of the averaged highfrequency pressure force is proposed based on solving the kinetic equation and using the method of successive approximations (separation of slow motions and fast oscillations) under the limiting conditions. An expression for the averaged quasi-potential force is derived based on the kinetic equation for the electron distribution function in weakly inhomogeneous magnetoactive plasma, taking into account electrons collisions with fixed ions and the presence of a longitudinally inhomogeneous high-frequency electric field using wellknown methods of theoretical and mathematical physics, such as successive approximations, averaging over the effective field oscillation period, and integration over trajectories. The amplitude of the field is a slowly varying function in both time and space coordinates. The obtained expression allows us to estimate the influence of collisions of plasma particles on the Miller force, and under limiting conditions it coincides with the known expressions for the high-frequency pressure force derived from the equation of plasma electrons motion in high-frequency fields. In all calculations, the contribution of the magnetic component of the electromagnetic field is neglected, which is quite justified for the longitudinal electric field.