bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
БАНКІВСЬКЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ В СУЧАСНИХ УМОВАХ
Authors: Тимошенко Марина
Published: December 2024

Банківське регулювання є ключовим елементом сучасної фінансової системи, адже воно забезпечує стабільність банківського сектора, знижує ризики фінансових криз і захищає інтереси вкладників. В умовах зростаючої глобалізації, розвиток банківських послуг і технологій, а також зростання фінансової взаємозалежності держав робить ефективне регулювання банківської діяльності ще більш актуальним і важливим. Однією з основних функцій банківського регулювання є забезпечення стабільності фінансової системи. Банківські установи відіграють значну роль в економіці, забезпечуючи кредитування, інвестиції та проведення розрахункових операцій. У випадку фінансових криз порушення в банківській системі можуть призвести до значних економічних втрат, як це сталося під час світової фінансової кризи 2008 року. Саме тому регулювання має на меті мінімізувати системні ризики шляхом контролю за рівнем капіталізації банків, їх ліквідністю та якістю активів. Ще одним важливим аспектом є захист інтересів споживачів і забезпечення їх довіри до банківської системи. Банківське регулювання встановлює стандарти для надання фінансових послуг, зокрема, щодо прозорості, обмеження ризикованих операцій і дотримання етичних стандартів. Це дозволяє уникнути зловживань і шахрайства, які можуть зашкодити як окремим клієнтам, так і репутації банківської системи в цілому. Захист вкладників також здійснюється за допомогою механізмів страхування депозитів, що гарантує відшкодування коштів у разі банкрутства банківських установ. Важливим елементом сучасного банківського регулювання є його адаптація до викликів цифровізації. Розвиток фінтеху, онлайн-банкінгу та криптовалют відкриває нові можливості, але й створює додаткові ризики, пов'язані з кібербезпекою, відмиванням коштів і непрозорістю операцій. Відповідно, регулятори розробляють нові правила і наглядові інструменти для контролю за діяльністю фінансових установ в умовах цифрової економіки. Отже, банківське регулювання у сучасних умовах є необхідним інструментом для забезпечення стабільності, захисту інтересів споживачів і адаптації фінансової системи до нових викликів. Ефективне регулювання сприяє зміцненню довіри до банківської системи та підтримці економічного зростання в умовах глобальних змін.
ВПЛИВ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ КРИЗИ НА НАФТОГАЗОВИЙ РИНОК ЄВРОПИ
Authors: Турецький Руслан
Published: December 2024

У статті проведено порівняльний аналіз впливу української кризи на нафтовий та газовий сектор різних європейських країн. Вивчено економічні та політичні наслідки, що виникли в результаті енергетичної залежності від російських постачань, а також досліджено зміни в енергетичній політиці держав Європи. Основна увага приділена країнам, що найбільше залежать від імпорту енергоносіїв з Росії, а також їхнім стратегіям диверсифікації постачань та розвитку власних енергетичних ресурсів. Результати дослідження демонструють різну ступінь впливу кризи на національні економіки та окреслюють перспективи енергетичної безпеки Європи в умовах геополітичної нестабільності.
IMPLEMENTATION OF INNOVATIVE AND INFORMATIONAL CHANGES: AXIOLOGICAL, THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL BASIS
Authors:   Prydniprovska State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture The Ukrainian State University of Science and Technologies, Sydorov Oleksandr
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the consideration of axiological, theoretical and methodological foundations of the implementation of innovative and informational changes. The article proves the relevance of the chosen research topic due to the growing role of innovative and informational changes in the country's national economy. It has been established that thanks to the introduction of innovative and informational changes in Ukraine, which is focused on the penetration of innovative and informational technologies into all spheres of the economy and society, the basis for qualitative transformations in the national economy is created. Methods of descriptive analysis and logical generalization were used to achieve the set research task. With the use of the specified methods, the axiological, theoretical and methodological components of the strategic support of innovative and informational changes in the national economy, which form the appropriate basis for their implementation, are characterized. The change of value orientations, theoretical postulates and methodological principles, which create the basis for the activation of innovative and informational changes in the national economy, are considered. The purpose, main tasks and expected results of each of the studied components of strategic support are described. In addition to characterizing the axiological, theoretical and methodological components from the point of view of their purpose, tasks, and expected results, the relationships between these components and other components of strategic support are highlighted. It was established that these components not only affect other components of strategic support of innovative and informational changes, but also feel their influence on themselves. Prospects for further research in the field of implementation of innovative and innovative changes are determined. It was established that on the basis of axiological, theoretical and methodological support of innovative and informational changes, their implementation in the national economy of the country should be carried out, which requires the development of a number of strategic initiatives.
FEATURES OF THE WORK OF A SCIENTIFIC AND RESEARCH INSTITUTION IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FIRST YEAR OF MARITAL STATUS IN UKRAINE
Authors:   Ukrainian State University of Science and Technologies, Myronenko Mykola ,   State Enterprise Ya. Ye. Osada Scientific Research Tube Institute, Lysenko Tetiana ,   Ukrainian State University of Science and Technologies, Usichenko Iryna ,   Ukrainian State University of Science and Technologies, Kolisnyk Olga ,   Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the relevant issue of covering the work of a state-owned research institution under martial law in Ukraine. Based on the analysis of primary accounting documentation and financial reporting, the authors provide some data on the features of the economic activity of the Research Institute of the Pipe Industry based on the work results in 2022. The main focus is on the issues of paying taxes to the state and municipal budgets. It is shown that despite the difficult economic situation in an unfavorable external environment, the enterprise finds opportunities for survival and forecasting further development in conditions of global uncertainty. A negative factor for the further development of the employees of the Research Institute of the Pipe Industry is a significant decrease in orders for the research work, which in turn led to a 30% decrease in the number of performers of such work based on the results of 2022. A positive factor in the economic activity of the Pipe Institute employees over the specified period of time is the increase in the level of tax payments to the state and municipal budgets in the hryvnia equivalent. If we take into account the depreciation of the national currency against foreign currencies in 2022, the economic results of the year for the employees of the Pipe Institute are not as positive. But it is worth paying attention to the fact that the decrease in tax payments to the State Budget is due to a significant decrease in the performance of scientific work in 2022. The latter is a direct consequence of the introduction of martial law in Ukraine on February 24, 2022 and the relocation or even complete or partial stoppage of production by enterprises that are customers of scientific and technical services provided by the employees of the institute. Summarizing all of the above, we note that the further development of the research institution in the near future has clear prospects and is aimed at overcoming existing problems by finding management solutions that will ensure the existence of the research Pipe Institute in the coming decades.
Community Service Program for the Munsalo Farmers Group, Kuansing Regency, Riau
Authors: Wedayanti Made Devi , Mardianti Desy , Yogia Moris Adidi , Pulungan Boby Indra , Nurhafiza
Published: December 2024

Purpose: The primary aim of this community service initiative is to address the lack of bookkeeping among farmers in the Munsalo Kopah Farmers Group and the inadequate packaging of their rice, currently sold in used sacks and black plastic bags. This research is significant as it seeks to enhance the farmers' administrative practices and product presentation, improving income management and marketability.Method: The initiative employs training sessions on administrative management and effective packaging. Workshops focus on bookkeeping techniques and creating appealing packaging. Additionally, administrative tools and branded sacks for the Munsalo Kopah Farmers Group's rice are provided.Practical Applications: The initiative's outcomes have practical implications, enabling farmers to manage their finances better and enhance their product presentation. Improved packaging increases market competitiveness, providing significant advantages for better sales and customer engagement.Conclusion: This community service initiative effectively resolves key issues in administration and product packaging for the Munsalo Kopah Farmers Group. The positive feedback received highlights its importance, contributing to a better understanding of the need for enhanced practices in agricultural communities and promoting the farmers' economic well-being.
The Role of the Tuah Negeri Nusantara Legal Aid Institute in Law Enforcement
Authors: Samariadi  , Br Panjaitan Andra Wina , Safitri Fira , Yulisa Farah Amalia , Permatasari Mutiara , Rahman Azra Aulia , Jaizna Muhammad Nabiel , Novriano Rama
Published: December 2024

Purpose: This paper examines the role of the Tuah Negeri Nusantara Legal Aid Institute in Riau, Indonesia, highlighting its professional legal assistance, education, and reform efforts. It explores the significance of legal aid in addressing the region's growing need for accessible legal support.Method: A qualitative review of the institute’s activities, including case records and interviews with legal professionals, was conducted. The study focuses on the institute’s handling of over 500 cases since 2016 and its broader contributions to legal reform.Practical Applications: The findings demonstrate the institute’s vital role in providing legal aid to underserved communities and its influence on legal education and reform. These contributions offer a model for improving access to justice in other regions.Conclusion: The Tuah Negeri Nusantara Legal Aid Institute has had a substantial impact on the legal sector in Riau, handling over 500 cases since 2016. Its work highlights the importance of legal aid in promoting justice and advancing legal knowledge in Indonesia.
Utilization of Waste to Minimize Environmental Pollution and Increase Income Through Creativity at SDN 5 Peninjoan
Authors: Laksmi P Kadek Wulandari , Aris Widiana Ngakan Putu
Published: December 2024

Purpose: This research paper aims to address waste management issues in Peninjoan Village, Tembuku District, Bangli Regency, by educating elementary school students on effective practices. This initiative is significant for promoting environmental sustainability and community development.Method: The study uses an educational intervention at SDN 5 Peninjoan, collecting data through workshops and observational feedback. Qualitative analysis assesses students' understanding and their ability to transform waste into useful items.Practical Applications: The findings demonstrate practical applications, including improved community cleanliness, increased environmental awareness, and the development of marketable products, enhancing the income potential for families.Conclusion: Educating students on waste management fosters creativity and responsibility, allowing them to convert waste into valuable items. This research emphasizes the importance of integrating waste management education into school curricula to tackle environmental challenges effectively.
Workshop on Fostering an Entrepreneurial Spirit Among Young Generations in the Bonsai Thematic Village, Tangerang
Authors: Winanti  , Supiana Nana , Ligawati  , Waruwu Hatoli , Iskandar Joni , Basuki Sucipto , Maqin Samsul , Kamar Karnawi , Alfariz Kadira Hilman , Yusuf
Published: December 2024

Purpose: This research paper aims to address the lack of employment and skills among young members of Karang Taruna in the Bonsai thematic village. It explores the potential for entrepreneurship to enhance their standard of living and contributes to youth empowerment within rural communities.Method: A qualitative research design was employed, utilizing workshops as the primary data collection method. Participants included Karang Taruna members and teenagers from the Bonsai village. The workshops focused on interactive learning about entrepreneurship, with data collected through participant feedback and observations.Practical Applications: The findings emphasize the practical benefits of entrepreneurial education, which can reduce idle time and foster economic activity. Skills acquired can lead to increased engagement in the bonsai business and other ventures, improving economic prospects for local youth.Conclusion: This study highlights the need for entrepreneurial education to combat youth unemployment in the Bonsai thematic village. The workshop serves as an effective intervention, demonstrating how targeted education can empower communities and improve livelihoods.
Handarbeni Batik: Batik-Making Training for Generation Z In Improving Cultural Existence
Authors: Irhamni Muhammad Ricza , Ayuningtyas Rosida Dwi , Islamiyah Mahabbah
Published: December 2024

Purpose: In today's highly diverse art and cultural landscape, it's important to have a strong sense of self-awareness. By reintroducing local culture, we can help develop a sense of belonging and appreciation for cultural heritage within communities. Preservation and development efforts are crucial for fostering the growth of culture and art, such as the Batik culture.Method: The natural dye batik training method utilizes plant-based colors found in the environment and is supported by Generation Z's entrepreneurial spirit to boost the economy and future income.Practical Applications: The purpose of this journal is to bring attention to the significance of batik and the necessity to protect it. It can be shared with government officials, policymakers, and other stakeholders who are eager to promote Indonesian culture.Conclusion: The Handarbeni Batik initiative exemplifies the symbiotic relationship between cultural preservation and economic progress. By imparting the art of batik to the next generation, this program ensures its longevity, while also empowering young individuals with the necessary skills to thrive in the contemporary job market.
Social Media is a Marketing Tool for MSMEs in Tegal Parang for Business Sustainability and Environmental Preservation
Authors: Indrajaya Sonny , Setyaningrum Retno Purwani , Nusaningrum Dewi
Published: December 2024

Purpose: This research focuses on the role of social media in business development to realize MSME Marketing in Tegal Parang, Tegal Parang Village, Mampang Prapatan for business sustainability and environmental sustainability
Method: This research uses a community service approach to achieve its objectives. This activity includes training sessions in the form of providing theory, examples, discussion forums and mentoring to improve social media skills.
Practical Application: The results of this study are useful for members of the MSMEs and the community in developing product designs and marketing.
Conclusion: This research underlines the importance of providing training to MSME members and the community which can improve product design and increase product sales volume. This has practical implications for increasing the volume of MSME products which has an impact on improving the welfare of MSME members.
Analysis of Filling Machines in an Alcoholic Beverage Company at PT. Karunia Jaya Abadi Inds
Authors: Amiluhur Theodorus Yohan , Islamiyah Mufidatul
Published: December 2024

Purpose: PT. Karunia Jaya Abadi Inds. is an industry that operates in the alcoholic beverage sector. To meet the increasing market demands for alcoholic beverages, the company switched to using robotic-based filling machines.
Method: The methodology used in collecting data includes field reviews, consultations with field supervisors, consultations with lecture supervisors, and literature studies.
Practical Applications: The aim of this research is to find out the specifications of the filling machine and to know the working principle of the filling machine at PT. Karunia Jaya Abadi Inds.
Conclusion: The robotic-based filling machine is an innovation carried out by PT. Karunia Jaya Abadi Inds. This machine is Robo Filler type. The specifications of the filling machine include robot and controller, filling system, product delivery system, and utilities. In general, the working principle of the Robo Filler bottle is carried by a conveyor to a nozzle which will spray the product liquid according to the volume indicated on the control panel. The volume is controlled by a Coriolis flowmeter.
Optimization of Digital Marketing Using Search Engine Optimization (SEO) at Soevenir CV Saudagar Kaya Abadi Malang
Authors: Nanul Angela Marici , Islamiyah Mufidatul
Published: December 2024

Purpose: This study aims to explore the effectiveness of digital marketing using Search Engine Optimization (SEO) on social media platforms for CV Saudagar Kaya Abadi Malang. The research focuses on the challenges of account blockages on social media and how SEO can improve content visibility and sales.
Method: A descriptive qualitative approach was used, with data collected through observations and interviews. The study analyzed current SEO strategies and identified issues related to social media account blockages, proposing solutions to overcome them.
Practical Applications: The findings offer practical solutions for businesses using SEO to enhance visibility and drive sales. Strategies include diversifying content across multiple accounts and reducing identical posts to avoid account blockages, optimizing digital marketing efforts.
Conclusion: The study demonstrates the importance of SEO in digital marketing, showing how it can improve content visibility and sales. Despite challenges like social media account blockages, effective SEO can significantly enhance marketing outcomes for businesses like CV Saudagar Kaya Abadi Malang.
Emergência de leitura de frases a partirdo ensino de suas unidades constituintes
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Medeiros José Gonçalves , Antunes Larissa ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Pokreviescki Jóici Estácio J. ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Bottenberg Demian G. ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Ferreira Camilla de Amorim ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Cavalhieri Klaus Eickhoff ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
Published: December 2024

Ensinar apenas palavras garante leitura de textos mais complexos? Não seria necessário um repertório mí-nimo de leitura de frases? Considerando essas questões, esse trabalho procurou ensinar crianças a ler e es-crever palavras substantivadas, a nomear números, numerais e quantidades, cores e nomes de cores e, em si-tuação de teste, ler “frases” compostas por esses elementos. Participaram 17 crianças, entre seis e oito anos, da primeira série de uma escola pública. Destas, 11 crianças passaram pelo procedimento de ensino (Grupo Experimental) e seis não passaram pelo procedimento (Grupo Controle). As classes de respostas foram ensi-nadas utilizando procedimento computadorizado de discriminação condicional. No Teste de leitura, as pala-vras substantivadas, os números, numerais e quantidades, cores e nomes de cores ensinados foram testados conjuntamente, formando frases, cujo desempenho não foi consequenciado. Um Teste de Equivalência de Agrupamento verificou se a leitura era realizada com significado. Das 11 crianças, seis leram com 100% de acerto as frases apresentadas. Uma criança leu com 100% de acerto o primeiro e segundo conjuntos e duas crianças leram o primeiro conjunto, também com 100% de acerto. O estudo mostrou que é possível, após o ensino de palavras substantivadas isoladas, produzir a emergência de leitura de frases com compreensão.
El consumo de comida en ratas controlado por un estímulo neutral
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Hernández Varsovia , Bruner Carlos A. ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Published: December 2024

Un estímulo neutral contiguo con un siguiente periodo de acceso a la comida incrementa la ingesta decomida en ratas relativo a cuando el estímulo se presenta ya sea contiguo al acceso precedente o aleatoriamentedurante el intervalo entre accesos. En el presente experimento se determinaron los efectos de variarla ubicación temporal del estímulo durante el periodo entre accesos. Tres ratas vivieron 24/7 en sus respectivascámaras experimentales y se les dieron periodos señalados de acceso a la comida de 10 minutos cada160 minutos. Durante la línea base no se presentó ningún estímulo durante los periodos entre accesos. Encondiciones subsecuentes, un estímulo de 5 minutos fue presentado en una ubicación temporal fija duranteel periodo entre accesos, ya fuera 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 o 160 minutos antes del siguiente periodo de acceso. Laubicación de 5 minutos incrementó la ingesta relativo a la línea base. Alargar el periodo entre el estímuloy el acceso controló disminuciones correspondientes en la ingesta de comida incluso por debajo de la líneabase. Se discuten las implicaciones de controlar la ingesta de comida al introducir un estímulo neutral endiferentes ubicaciones del periodo entre accesos.
Analisis Perubahan Batimetri Di Perairan Matras Kabupaten Bangka
Authors: Ayinah Afi , Pamungkas Aditya , Akhriyanti Irma
Published: December 2024

Abstrak Pantai Matras merupakan salah satu pantai yang ada di Kepulauan Bangka Belitung yang di jadikan sebagai tempat wisata. Peta batimetri merupakan data spasial yang berisi informasi kedalaman (informasi batimetri) suatu wilayah perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan batimetri dalam rentang waktu tahun 2015, 2019 dan 2021. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan teknik pengambilan data purposive sampling meliputi data primer dan data sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pada tahun 2015-2019 total perubahan kedalaman yang terjadi pada garis cross section rata-rata sebesar 0,805 m dan total pendangkalan rata-rata sebesar 0,165 m. Pada tahun 2019-2020 total perubahan kedalaman yang terjadi rata-rata sebesar 7,145 m dan total pendangkalan rata-rata sebesar 0,492 m. Perubahan ini menyebabkan terbentuknya ceruk-ceruk disekitar breakwater (area A) dan disekitar arah laut (area B) yang disebabkan oleh penambangan timah.
Bayes Estimation of a Common Mean of Several Normal Populations with Unknown Variances
Authors: Mphekgwana Peter M , Kifle Yehenew G , Marange Chioneso S
Published: December 2024

Combining information from several independent normal populations to estimate a common mean parameter has applications in meta-analysis and is an important statistical problem. For this application, Gregurich and Broemeling (1997) and Tu (2012) concentrated on point estimation employing Bayesian techniques to infer about the common mean of two normal populations with unknown variances. In our study, we expand upon their investigation to encompass k normal populations with a common mean, incorporating a range of objective priors. Through the use of two examples, it is discovered that as the hyperparameter α under a Bayesian framework increases, the performance of the Bayesian technique also improves.
IJSS, Vol. 24(2) Special, December, 2024, pp 81-94
Multiple Imputation for Parametric Inference Under a Differentially Private Laplace Mechanism
Authors: Klein Martin , Sinha Bimal
Published: December 2024

In this paper we consider the scenario where continuous microdata have been noise infused using a differentially private Laplace mechanism for the purpose of statistical disclosure control. We assume the original data are independent and identically distributed, having distribution within a parametric family of continuous distributions. We use a variant of the Laplace mechanism that allows the range of the original data to be unbounded by first truncating the original data and then adding appropriate Laplace random noise. We propose methodology to analyze the noise infused data using multiple imputation. This approach allows the data user to analyze the released data as if it were original, i.e., not noise infused, and then to obtain inference that accounts for the noise infusion mechanism using standard multiple imputation combining formulas. Methodology is presented for univariate data, and some simulation studies are presented to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. An extension of the proposed methodology to multivariate data is also presented.
IJSS, Vol. 24(2) Special, December, 2024, pp 95-122
Nghiên cứu tác động của khiếm nhã mạng đến trạng thái kiệt quệ cảm xúc của nhân viên trong tổ chức làm việc trực tuyến
Authors: Nguyễn Hồng Quân , Hà Mai Hoa , Lý Thùy Anh , Hoàng Hà Anh , Nguyễn Thị Thu Trang , Quỳnh Nguyễn Như
Published: December 2024

Mục tiêu nghiên cứu của bài báo là tìm hiểu sự tác động của hành vi khiếm nhã mạng tới tình trạng kiệt quệ về cảm xúc của nhân viên. Nghiên cứu thực hiện khảo sát với 326 nhân viên làm việc trực tuyến tại các doanh nghiệp ở Việt Nam. Kết quả phân tích PLS-SEM cho thấy hành vi khiếm nhã mạng đã ảnh hưởng tích cực đến xung đột về vai trò, mơ hồ về vai trò và tác động cùng chiều với tình trạng kiệt quệ về cảm xúc của nhân viên. Từ những kết quả nghiên cứu được, nhóm nghiên cứu đề xuất các giải pháp dựa trên lý thuyết tự quyết, lý thuyết về bảo toàn nguồn lực.
Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes Associated with Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19
Authors: Shrestha Sanjay , Maharjan Kijan , Bajracharya Milan , Sharma Chalise Bimal , Balla Pujan , Adhikari Shambhu , Shrestha Soni , Baral Bishwodip , Neupane Jenish , Poudel Manu , Bastola Anup
Published: December 2024

Background: Acute kidney Injury associated with Coronavirus disease COVID-19 appeared to negatively influence clinical outcomes and is found to be associated with significant risk of death. This retrospective study aimed to describe the incidence of Acute Kidney Injury, its associations with clinical characteristics and outcomes among COVID-19 patients in Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital, a tertiary infectious disease hospital in Nepal.Methods: A cross-sectional study was done where. Medical and lab records of reverse transcriptase Polymerase chain reaction positive COVID-19 inpatients, admitted between April 2021 to July 2021 were reviewed. It represented the second wave of wave of coronavirus pandemic caused by the delta strain. Patients aged less than 18 years, pregnant females and patients with known chronic kidney disease were excludedResults: Of 393 admissions, 83 (21.1%) patients developed Acute Kidney Injury. Characteristics found to have significant association with development of AKI was age (p <0.001), multiple co morbidities (2 or more) (p <0.001), use of mechanical ventilation (p <0.001), lymphopenia (p<0.001), Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (p =0.001) and d-dimer levels (p <0.001). Mortality was found to be significantly higher in COVID-19 patients with AKI compared to COVID-19 patients without AKI ((36.14% vs 15.8%, p value <0.01)). The median duration of hospital stay for patients with AKI was higher than for patients without AKI (10 days vs 6 days,p <0.01).Conclusions: AKI develops in a sizeable percentage of patients with COVID-19 and is significantly associated with increasing age, multiple comorbidities, increased biomarkers, use of mechanical ventilation and is associated with poor outcome in terms of mortality and morbidity.Keywords: AKI; COVID-19; Nepal; outcomes.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Artificial Intelligence-Based Chest X-Ray reading for screening of Tuberculosis
Authors: Maka Shrestha Ruby , Paudel Ram Chandra , Adhikari Puspanjali , Ghimire Ram Hari , Gurung Karma , Shrestha Rajeev
Published: December 2024

Background: Tuberculosis remains a public health challenge in Nepal and ranks as the seventh leading cause of death in the country. The END Tuberculosis strategy stresses - the screening for symptoms alone may not suffice; additional screening tools such as a chest radiograph may facilitate referral for diagnosis of tuberculosis. The study aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI) based Chest X-ray and compare it with the human reading (radiologist), using GeneXpert-MTB RIF Assay for tuberculosis case detection.Methods: Tuberculosis-suspected patients with a history of cough were screened using chest X-rays at two study sites (Dhulikhel Hospital and Nobel Medical College). The reading of AI qXR software was compared with radiologists reading who were blinded of the results generated by the software.Results: The sensitivity of the test by qXR-based AI reading was 100%, (95% CI: 40 – 100%) and specificity 80% (95% CI: 73 – 87%), whereas the sensitivity of the test by the radiologist was 100%, (95% CI: 40 – 100%); and specificity 62% (95% CI: 53 – 70%).Conclusions: Higher sensitivity and specificity were observed for both qXR-based AI and Radiographer readings for the diagnosis of TB. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; chest X-ray; diagnostic accuracy; screening; tuberculosis.
Prediction and Estimation of Postoperative Refractive Error in Phacoemulsification: Using Ultrasound A-Scan and Intra Ocular Lens Master
Authors: Bhatta Sabitri , Narayan Joshi Sagun , Thapa Madhu , Awasthi Suresh , Shankar Shrestha Gauri , Dev Joshi Niraj
Published: December 2024

Background: This study aims to predict and estimate the postoperative refractive outcome in participants undergoing phacoemulsification using IOL Master and A-scan biometry.Methods: A cross-sectional study was done where ninety eyes of 90 participants undergone phacoemulsification using SRK/T formula were included in longitudinal research. Each participant underwent axial length (AL) measurement by IOL Master and A-scan, and keratometry reading (k- reading) by manual TOPCON keratometer and automated keratometer on IOL master for IOL power calculation. All the pre-operative measurements between A-scan and IOL master and two keratometers were compared using paired-t tests. The four-week postoperative refractive error was estimated using univariate analysis and its prediction was compared with the ocular biometry parameters using quadratic regression.Results: Preoperative findings were higher for AL and ACD by IOL master and A-scan (0.27±0.14mm; p<0.001, 0.14±0.31mm, p<0.001) respectively. The AL and K-reading were found to be strong predictors of IOL power calculation (β = -1.07; p<0.001, β = 0.75; p<0.001), respectively. The AL, K-reading were found to be strong predictors for four-week postoperative refractive error (β = -1.563; p = 0.012, β = 1.052; p = 0.012) where postoperative error was found to be higher (F = 7.521, p<0.001) in A-scan than IOL Master. For K-reading, the two keratometer’s and for AL by A-scan and IOL Master’s level of agreement (95% LoA) was comparable (-0.15 to 0.12mm and -0.01 to 0.54mm). Conclusions: IOL Master is more reliable for ocular biometry and minimizes postoperative refractive error.Keywords: Axial length; intraocular lens power; keratometry-reading; refractive error estimation; postoperative refractive error.
Effectiveness of Video-assisted Distraction Therapy on Childrens Pain Perceptions during Peripheral Venous Cannulation
Authors: Bhandari Menuka , Rai Munawatee , Gartaula Puja
Published: December 2024

Background: Relief of pain is a basic need and right of all children; effective pain management requires health professionals to be able to apply several interventions to achieve optimal results. The current study aimed to discover the Effectiveness of Video-assisted Distraction Therapy on Children’s Pain Perceptions during Peripheral Venous Cannulation in Pediatric Wards of Biratnagar, Nepal.Method: A quasi-experimental study was conducted at Pediatric Wards of different hospitals in Biratnagar. Data collection was done from Feb 27, 2023, to April 28, 2023. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was adopted in selecting the desired sample size. Data was collected through an interview questionnaire and a standard observational checklist, the FLACC pain rating scale. The experimental group received video-assisted distraction therapy as an intervention, while the control group received routine intravenous care from the nurses. Results: There is a significant difference between the pain perception score in the experimental and control group during peripheral venous cannulation (p= <0.001) during and after two minutes of cannulation. Similarly, the level of pain was also different in both groups, 42.5% of children in the experimental group perceived moderate pain, 37.5% perceived mild pain and 20% reported severe pain whereas 92.5% of respondents perceived severe pain and only 7.5% perceived moderate pain during peripheral venous cannulation. Conclusions: Video-assisted Distraction Therapy was very efficient at distracting children from their pain during intravenous cannulation. Keywords: Distraction Therapy; Pain Perceptions; Peripheral Venous Cannulation.
Stress and Coping Strategies among Postnatal Mothers
Authors: Acharya Sristi , Sharma Chandrakala , Panthi Chhabi , Upreti Amit , Upreti Apil
Published: December 2024

Background: Maternal mental health problems are globally considered as a major public health challenge. Postnatal stress affects mothers and children’s physical as well as mental wellbeing. The objective of the study is to assess stress and coping strategies of postnatal mothers. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study design was carried out at Immunization clinic of Lumbini Provincial Hospital. Purposive sampling technique was used to collect data among 152 mothers. Data was collected through a structured interview questionnaire using Perceived stress scale and Brief Cope. Data analysis was done through descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Findings of the study revealed that 25.7% mothers had mild stress; 72.4% had moderate stress, and only 2% had severe stress. Regarding coping mechanism, mostly used coping strategies were problem focused coping strategies and 90.1% mother adopted adaptive coping. While there was statistically significant between stress and age (p=.016), residence (p=.022) and occupation (p=<.001). Likewise, there was statistically significant between coping and age (p=.003), residence (p=.045), occupation (p=.018), sex of the baby (p=.005) and living during postnatal periods (p=.023). Conclusions: The majority of the postnatal mothers had some form of stress. However, most of the postnatal mothers managed their stress through adaptive and problem based coping strategies in their own ways. Thus, there was a prime need to pay attention for promotion of their coping strategies that definitely enhance the mental status of the postnatal mothers.Keywords: Coping; postnatal mothers; stress.
Efficacy and Safety of Colonoscopic Band Ligation for Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding due to Hemorrhoid
Authors: Sapkota Upadhya Pawan , Luitel Prajjwol , Paudel Sujan , Neupane Nischal , Adhikary Shailesh , Awale Laligen , Pandit Narendra
Published: December 2024

Background: Lower gastrointestinal bleeding is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Hemorrhoids are frequently encountered cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding in outpatient settings in Nepal. Rubber band ligation is one of the most important, cost-effective, and commonly used treatments for first to third-degree internal hemorrhoids. Colonoscopic Rubber band ligation provides enhanced visualization and maneuverability, improving safety and efficacy of Rubber band ligation compared to traditional Rubber band ligation methods. This study aimed to assess the safety, efficacy, and patient acceptance of Colonoscopic Rubber band ligation for lower Lower gastrointestinal bleeding due to hemorrhoids.Methods: This study, conducted in a tertiary care center of Nepal over one year, explores the immediate, late complications, efficacy and treatment satisfaction of patients undergoing Colonoscopic Rubber band ligation for lower GI bleeding due to hemorrhoids.Results: We included 28 among 108 patients presenting to the surgical outpatient department with Lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Symptoms of irritation, discharge, pain resolved in all patients at 3 months and that of bleeding and prolapse in 96.4% and 92% respectively. 75% were able to resume work the day after the procedure. Post-procedure complications were reported in 53.5% of cases. 78.6% of patients rated Colonoscopic Rubber band ligation treatment as “excellent help”. Conclusions: Colonoscopic Rubber band ligation is feasible, safe and efficient for the treatment of symptomatic grade II hemorrhoids with most patients experiencing relief and high satisfaction. Further multicenter research with longer follow-up is needed to confirm long-term effectiveness.Keywords: Colonoscopy; hemorrhoids; per rectal bleeding; rubber band ligation procedure.
Maternal Risk Factors and Perinatal Outcome of Fetal Growth Restriction
Authors: Rajbhandary Sanyukta , Maskey Suvana
Published: December 2024

Background: Worldwide, Fetal growth restriction is a leading cause of stillbirth, neonatal mortality, and morbidity. Several maternal factors influence fetal growth and increases the risk of fetal growth restriction. Our study aimed to determine the risk factors and perinatal outcome of fetal growth restriction at Tribhuvan University teaching hospital, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu.Methods: A prospective study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Tribhuvan University teaching hospital. A total of 140 Pregnant women at > 28 weeks period of gestation clinically diagnosed as FGR and fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. The data was analyzed using SPSS 23. The association between various risk factors and FGR was studied using the binary logistic regression.Results: Among the 140 FGR fetuses, 27.9 % (39) belonged to the <10th percentile (Mild Fetal growth restriction) and 72.1%(101) belonged to<5th percentile (Severe Fetal growth restriction). Maternal age more than 35 years was found to be statistically significant as a risk factor in the severe Fetal growth restriction group. Among the maternal co-morbidities, hypertensive disorder of pregnancy was found to be the most common co-morbidity followed by heart disease and thyroid disorders. The Fetal growth restriction neonates requiring neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stay was 42 (30%) and the median neonatal intensive care unit stay was 4 days. The fetal morbidities associated with fetal growth restriction were prematurity,respiratory distress syndrome(RDS), sepsis, meconium aspiration syndrome(MAS) and neonatal jaundice (NNJ). Among the 140 FGR babies, 138 were live born and there were 2 neonatal deaths (NND).Conclusions: In our study ,advanced maternal age is found to be a significant risk factor for Fetal growth restriction and gestational hypertension is the most common comorbidity associated with Fetal growth restriction. Therefore, identification of such women, their regular antenatal checkups, fetal surveillance and timely intervention are crucial for better perinatal outcome.Keywords: Fetal growth restriction, fetal outcome, risk factors.
Cutaneous Larva migrans: A Case Series of a Skin-related Neglected Tropical Diseases from Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Shraddha , Hirachan Shashi , Parajuli Niraj
Published: December 2024

Cutaneous larva migrans is a tropical dermatosis acquired through the helminthic infection. It is caused by penetration of animal hookworm larva in patient with history of walking barefoot on soil or beaches or with history of travel to tropical areas. It usually presents clinically as a pruritic serpiginous lesion with a trailing. Here, we report three cases who presented as asymptomatic to pruritic thread like serpiginous lesion on cutaneous examination. Cutaneous larva migrans was diagnosed clinically and proper treatment was done with complete regression of manifestations within a week. Although the condition is self-limiting, it is an under-diagnosed entity leading to delay in treatment and exacerbation of clinical manifestations including rare pulmonary manifestation called Loefflers syndrome. Keywords: Creeping eruption; ivermectin; larva migrans; skin-NTDs.
Role of Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide for Monitoring Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Lamichhane Buddhi Sagar , Dhungana Ashesh , Shrestha Prajowl , Raj Thapa Kamal , Shrestha Deepa Kumari
Published: December 2024

Background: Monitoring during treatment of asthma is usually done by various clinical tools, spirometry, sputum eosinophils and fractional exhaled nitric oxide. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide is a simple and noninvasive tool and has a good agreement with asthma control test score. This study aims to correlate fractional exhaled nitric oxide with asthma control test score. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir hospital, Chest unit, Department of Medicine, over a duration of six months. Patients aged more than 18 years with bronchial asthma diagnosed at least three months prior were included into the study. Those with recent severe exacerbations, known other chronic respiratory disease and smokers were excluded. Asthma control test score was obtained at baseline. All included patients underwent fractional exhaled nitric oxide measurement followed by measurement of Forced vital capacity(FVC) Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and FEV1/FVC ratio. Results: Forty patients with a mean age of 40.5±11.1 years were included in the study. Majority were females (65%) and the median duration of symptoms was 24 months (Interquartile range= 18-60). Mean fractional exhaled nitric oxide level was 27.8 (±16.0) parts per billion (ppb) and asthma control test score was 19.3 (±4.7). Mean fractional exhaled nitric oxide levels were significantly different across different severity (well controlled, partially controlled and poorly controlled) of asthma (p=0.013). The mean fractional exhaled nitric oxide values and total asthma control test score shows statistically significant negative correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient (r) = -0.462, p=0.003). Asthma control test and FeNO values guided the change of inhaled steroid dose in 17 of the 40 patients. Conclusion: Fractional exhaled nitric oxide can be used when available, along with asthma control test for monitoring control and adjusting the inhaled steroid dose in asthma. Keywords: Asthma control test (ACT); bronchial asthma; Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO).
Total extra peritoneal Repair of Inguinal Hernia under General Anesthesia Versus Spinal Anesthesia
Authors: Mishra Udita , Thapa Ghanashyam
Published: December 2024

Background: Total extra peritoneal inguinal hernia repair is established approach to inguinal hernia repair usually performed under general anesthesia. Aim of the study was to compare Total extra peritoneal inguinal hernia repair outcome when operated under spinal anesthesia and general anesthesia. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Bir hospital on patients undergoing Total extra peritoneal inguinal hernia repair under either spinal anesthesia or general anesthesia for inguinal hernia from September 2022 to August 2023. Operative time, postoperative hospitalization time, postoperative pain, postoperative adverse effects, level of satisfaction and recurrence rate at one year was compared.Results: Fifty-eight patients were included, divided into two groups TEP-GA and TEP-SA, 29 in each arm. All procedures were completed by allocated method of anesthesia. Though pain score was low in TEP-SA in initial four hours, 2.79±1.08 (GA) and 1.99±0.97 (SA) and 2.28±1.09 (GA) and 1.80±0.80 (SA) at one and four hours post-operative respectively, no statistical difference was noted between two groups regarding surgery time, pain score complications, hospital stay, recovery or recurrence.Conclusions: Spinal anesthesia is at par with general anesthesia instead of better than generalanaesthesia for total extra peritoneal inguinal hernia repair, if not better. It may be appropriate anesthetic modality in patients considered high risk for general anaesthesia.Keywords: general anesthesia; inguinal hernia; spinal anesthesia; total extra peritoneal inguinal hernia repair.
The Future of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
Authors: Dangal Ganesh , Dangal Ojash
Published: December 2024

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The Role of Students in the Revitalisation of Dialects
Authors: Dyka Liudmyla
Published: December 2024

Ukrainian society is gradually transitioning from a totalitarian model of „fighting dialects” to recognizing the value of linguistic diversity. This chapter presents examples of the expanding role of dialects and their changing status in contemporary life. The prestige of dialects largely depends on how speakers, particularly young people, perceive them. Today’s students, as future leaders of language policy in Ukraine, will shape the status of dialect speech. From this perspective, engaging students in scientific research and projects aimed at preserving and revitalising dialects is essential, especially through modern multimedia tools, such as the creation of a corpus of Ukrainian dialects – a database showcasing Ukrainian dialect speech in audio and transcribed forms. An all-Ukrainian fund of dialect recordings, collected across universities and stored on modern digital platforms, is also proposed as a significant step forward.

Keywords
dialects of the Ukrainian language, language policy, oral dialect corpus, dialect revitalisation, social evaluation of language, prestige of dialect speech, dialectological practice.
Standardisation of Dialects in Poland – through the Eyes of a Dialectologist-sociolinguist
Authors: Karaś Halina
Published: December 2024

This text examines the standardisation process of dialects in Poland, focusing on cases where users do not aim to transform these dialects into a separate language; therefore, the Silesian dialect is excluded. The analysis primarily concerns dialects that have been relatively well-preserved and hold a certain prestige in public consciousness. For these dialects, users drive standardisation processes motivated by the desire to preserve them as living forms of speech. The chapter explores the understanding of dialect standardisation, reasons behind it, characteristic phenomena, and the extent of dialect standardisation in Poland. It seeks to answer the titular question posed by the conference: is dialect standardisation a trend or a necessity?

Keywords
dialectology, sociolinguistics, dialects, standardisation.