bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MT5-MMP promotes neuroinflammation, neuronal excitability and Aβ production in primary neuron/astrocyte cultures from the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Pilat Dominika , Paumier Jean-Michel , García-González Laura , Louis Laurence , Stephan Delphine , Manrique Christine , Khrestchatisky Michel , Di Pasquale Eric , Baranger Kévin , Rivera Santiago
Published: March 2022

Background

Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase 5 (MT5-MMP) deficiency in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) reduces brain neuroinflammation and amyloidosis, and prevents deficits in synaptic activity and cognition in prodromal stages of the disease. In addition, MT5-MMP deficiency prevents interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β)-mediated inflammation in the peripheral nervous system. In this context, we hypothesized that the MT5-MMP/IL-1β tandem could regulate nascent AD pathogenic events in developing neural cells shortly after the onset of transgene activation.

Methods

To test this hypothesis, we used 11–14 day in vitro primary cortical cultures from wild type, MT5-MMP−/−, 5xFAD and 5xFAD/MT5-MMP−/−mice, and evaluated the impact of MT5-MMP deficiency and IL-1β treatment for 24 h, by performing whole cell patch-clamp recordings, RT-qPCR, western blot, gel zymography, ELISA, immunocytochemistry and adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated transduction.

Results

5xFAD cells showed higher levels of MT5-MMP than wild type, concomitant with higher basal levels of inflammatory mediators. Moreover, MT5-MMP-deficient cultures had strong decrease of the inflammatory response to IL-1β, as well as decreased stability of recombinant IL-1β. The levels of amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) were similar in 5xFAD and wild-type cultures, and IL-1β treatment did not affect Aβ levels. Instead, the absence of MT5-MMP significantly reduced Aβ by more than 40% while sparing APP metabolism, suggesting altogether no functional crosstalk between IL-1β and APP/Aβ, as well as independent control of their levels by MT5-MMP. The lack of MT5-MMP strongly downregulated the AAV-induced neuronal accumulation of the C-terminal APP fragment, C99, and subsequently that of Aβ. Finally, MT5-MMP deficiency prevented basal hyperexcitability observed in 5xFAD neurons, but not hyperexcitability induced by IL-1β treatment.

Conclusions

Neuroinflammation and hyperexcitability precede Aβ accumulation in developing neural cells with nascent expression of AD transgenes. MT5-MMP deletion is able to tune down basal neuronal inflammation and hyperexcitability, as well as APP/Aβ metabolism. In addition, MT5-MMP deficiency prevents IL-1β-mediated effects in brain cells, except hyperexcitability. Overall, this work reinforces the idea that MT5-MMP is at the crossroads of pathogenic AD pathways that are already incipiently activated in developing neural cells, and that targeting MT5-MMP opens interesting therapeutic prospects.
Esophageal cancer with a double aortic arch: a case report and literature review
Authors: Kang Kai , Wang Sheng , Xiong Fei , Kai Jindan , Wang Jianjian , Li Binfeng
Published: March 2022

Background

Double aortic arch (DAA) is an extremely rare vascular malformation, even more so when coexisting with esophageal cancer.

Methods

We report a new case of DAA with esophageal cancer recently seen at our Thoracic Tumor Clinic and review cases of DAA coexisting with esophageal cancer reported in the literature of English language from 2010 to 2020. The purposes of our literature review were to explore how to best achieve radical esophagectomy while reducing postoperative complications. The clinical manifestations, diagnostic method, surgical approach, reconstruction route, and the extent of lymphadenectomy of esophageal cancer with DAA were analyzed in detail.

Results and conclusion

For such patients, 3D computed tomography is necessary for preoperative diagnosis. The surgical approach should consider factors such as the location of the tumor in the esophagus and whether the tumor is surrounded by DAA, as well as the position of the descending aorta and the requirements for the surgical field for lymphadenectomy. If esophageal reconstruction is required, the retrosternal route is preferred. We recommend that only patients with positive results of intraoperative frozen biopsy of recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph nodes should undergo three-field lymphadenectomy, which may be the best method to achieve radical esophagectomy for middle and lower esophageal cancers with DAA while minimizing postoperative complications.
Recent advances in the developmental origin of neuroblastoma: an overview
Authors: Ponzoni Mirco , Bachetti Tiziana , Corrias Maria Valeria , Brignole Chiara , Pastorino Fabio , Calarco Enzo , Bensa Veronica , Giusto Elena , Ceccherini Isabella , Perri Patrizia
Published: March 2022

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a pediatric tumor that originates from neural crest-derived cells undergoing a defective differentiation due to genomic and epigenetic impairments. Therefore, NB may arise at any final site reached by migrating neural crest cells (NCCs) and their progeny, preferentially in the adrenal medulla or in the para-spinal ganglia.

NB shows a remarkable genetic heterogeneity including several chromosome/gene alterations and deregulated expression of key oncogenes that drive tumor initiation and promote disease progression.

NB substantially contributes to childhood cancer mortality, with a survival rate of only 40% for high-risk patients suffering chemo-resistant relapse. Hence, NB remains a challenge in pediatric oncology and the need of designing new therapies targeted to specific genetic/epigenetic alterations become imperative to improve the outcome of high-risk NB patients with refractory disease or chemo-resistant relapse.

In this review, we give a broad overview of the latest advances that have unraveled the developmental origin of NB and its complex epigenetic landscape.

Single-cell RNA sequencing with spatial transcriptomics and lineage tracing have identified the NCC progeny involved in normal development and in NB oncogenesis, revealing that adrenal NB cells transcriptionally resemble immature neuroblasts or their closest progenitors. The comparison of adrenal NB cells from patients classified into risk subgroups with normal sympatho-adrenal cells has highlighted that tumor phenotype severity correlates with neuroblast differentiation grade.

Transcriptional profiling of NB tumors has identified two cell identities that represent divergent differentiation states, i.e. undifferentiated mesenchymal (MES) and committed adrenergic (ADRN), able to interconvert by epigenetic reprogramming and to confer intra-tumoral heterogeneity and high plasticity to NB.

Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing has disclosed the existence of two super-enhancers and their associated transcription factor networks underlying MES and ADRN identities and controlling NB gene expression programs.

The discovery of NB-specific regulatory circuitries driving oncogenic transformation and maintaining the malignant state opens new perspectives on the design of innovative therapies targeted to the genetic and epigenetic determinants of NB. Remodeling the disrupted regulatory networks from a dysregulated expression, which blocks differentiation and enhances proliferation, toward a controlled expression that prompts the most differentiated state may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for NB.
Preventive efficacy of six monthly oral doses of Simparica Trio®, Heartgard® Plus, and Interceptor® Plus against a macrocyclic lactone-resistant strain (ZoeLA) of heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) in dogs
Authors: Myers Jamie A. E. , Holzmer Susan , McCall John W. , Mahabir Sean P. , McTier Tom L. , Maeder Steven J. , Kryda Kristina
Published: March 2022

Background

Administration of four to six consecutive monthly doses of 24 µg/kg moxidectin alone shows high effectiveness in preventing the maturation of macrocyclic lactone (ML)-resistant heartworm strains, Dirofilaria immitis JYD-34 and ZoeLA. This laboratory study evaluated the efficacy of six consecutive monthly oral doses of Simparica Trio® (moxidectin/sarolaner/pyrantel) compared to six monthly doses of either Heartgard® Plus (ivermectin/pyrantel) or Interceptor® Plus (milbemycin oxime/praziquantel) against ML-resistant D. immitis ZoeLA strain.

Methods

Beagle dogs were inoculated with 50 third-stage (L3) D. immitis larvae (ZoeLA) 30 days prior to the first treatment. Dogs were randomized to treatment (six animals in each group) with six monthly oral doses of placebo, Simparica Trio, Heartgard Plus, or Interceptor Plus at their respective label doses. Microfilaria (MF) and antigen tests were conducted periodically, and efficacy was evaluated by necropsy for adult heartworms approximately 9 months after L3 inoculation.

Results

Adult heartworms were recovered from all six placebo dogs, with a geometric mean of 35.5 worms (range, 23–48). Five of the six dogs treated with Simparica Trio were infected with a geometric mean of 1.0 worms (range, 0–3), and all remained MF-negative. All Heartgard Plus-treated dogs (six) were infected with a geometric mean of 32.5 worms (range, 22–38); five of these dogs were MF-positive at day 236. All Interceptor Plus-treated dogs (six) were infected with a geometric mean of 22.8 worms (range, 10–34); five of these dogs were MF-positive at day 236. The efficacy of six consecutive doses with Simparica Trio, Heartgard Plus, and Interceptor Plus against ZoeLA was 97.2, 8.5, and 35.9%, respectively. Adult worm counts for the Simparica Trio-treated group were significantly lower (P < 0.0001) than placebo control, Heartgard Plus, and Interceptor Plus-treated groups. Adult worm counts for Heartgard Plus and Interceptor Plus were not significantly different from placebo (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

Simparica Trio prevented microfilaremia in all dogs and was highly effective (97.2%) and significantly better than either Heartgard Plus (8.5%) or Interceptor Plus (35.9%) in preventing the development of the ZoeLA ML-resistant heartworm strain when administered for six consecutive months in this comparative laboratory efficacy study.

Graphical Abstract
Computational pathology for musculoskeletal conditions using machine learning: advances, trends, and challenges
Authors: Konnaris Maxwell A. , Brendel Matthew , Fontana Mark Alan , Otero Miguel , Ivashkiv Lionel B. , Wang Fei , Bell Richard D.
Published: March 2022

Histopathology is widely used to analyze clinical biopsy specimens and tissues from pre-clinical models of a variety of musculoskeletal conditions. Histological assessment relies on scoring systems that require expertise, time, and resources, which can lead to an analysis bottleneck. Recent advancements in digital imaging and image processing provide an opportunity to automate histological analyses by implementing advanced statistical models such as machine learning and deep learning, which would greatly benefit the musculoskeletal field. This review provides a high-level overview of machine learning applications, a general pipeline of tissue collection to model selection, and highlights the development of image analysis methods, including some machine learning applications, to solve musculoskeletal problems. We discuss the optimization steps for tissue processing, sectioning, staining, and imaging that are critical for the successful generalizability of an automated image analysis model. We also commenting on the considerations that should be taken into account during model selection and the considerable advances in the field of computer vision outside of histopathology, which can be leveraged for image analysis. Finally, we provide a historic perspective of the previously used histopathological image analysis applications for musculoskeletal diseases, and we contrast it with the advantages of implementing state-of-the-art computational pathology approaches. While some deep learning approaches have been used, there is a significant opportunity to expand the use of such approaches to solve musculoskeletal problems.
An updated Gappy-POD to capture non-parameterized geometrical variation in fluid dynamics problems
Authors: Akkari Nissrine , Casenave Fabien , Ryckelynck David , Rey Christian
Published: March 2022

In this work, we propose a new method to fill the gap within an incomplete turbulent and incompressible data field in such a way to satisfy the topological and intensity changes of the fluid flow after a non-parameterized geometrical variation in the fluid domain. This work extends the one that has been published as a conference proceeding to the 2018 AIAA Scitech Forum and Exposition (Akkari et al. in Geometrical reduced order modeling (ROM) by proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) for the incompressible navier stokes equations. In: 2018 AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, AIAA SciTech Forum, (AIAA 2018-1827), 2018). A single baseline large eddy simulation (LES) is assumed to be performed prior geometrical variations. The proposed method is an enhancement of the Gappy-POD method proposed by Everson and Sirovich in 1995, in the case where the given set of empirical eigenfunctions is not sufficient and is not interpolant for the recovering of the modal coefficients for each Gappy snapshot by a least squares procedure. This happens when the available data cannot be written as an interpolation of the baseline POD modes. This is typically the case when we introduce non-parameterized geometrical modifications in the fluid domain. Here, after the baseline simulation, additional solutions of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations are solely performed over a restricted fluid domain, that contains the geometrical modifications. These local LESs that we will call hybrid simulations are performed by using the immersed boundary technique, which uses of a fluid boundary condition and the baseline velocity field. Then, we propose to update the POD modes using a local modification of the baseline POD modes in the restricted fluid domain. Furthermore, we will propose a physical correction of the latter enhanced Gappy-POD modal coefficients thanks to a Galerkin projection of the Navier–Stokes equations upon the new modes of the available data. This enhancement procedure on the global velocity reconstruction by the physical constraint was tested on a 3D semi-industrial test case of a typical aeronautical injection system and, a 2D laminar and unsteady incompressible test case. The speed-up relative to this new technique is equal to 100, which allows us to perform an exploration of two new designs of the aeronautical injection system.
The interplay between diversity and noise in an excitable cell network model
Authors: Scialla Stefano , Patriarca Marco , Heinsalu Els
Published: March 2022

We study the effects of the interplay between diversity and noise in a 3D network of FitzHugh-Nagumo elements, with topology and dimensions chosen to model a pancreatic β-cell cluster, as an example of an excitable cell network. Our results show that diversity and noise are non-equivalent sources of disorder that have different effects on the network dynamics: their synchronization mechanisms may act independently of one another or synergistically, depending on the mean value of the diversity distribution compared to the intrinsic oscillatory range of the network elements.
Condensation-induced self-patterning of a thin clayey layer
Authors: Martin J. , Doumenc F.
Published: March 2022

We show through laboratory experiments that the self-patterning of a thin clayey layer can be triggered by condensation. The natural sediment used in the experiments was a highly polydisperse granular paste with smectite clay in the fine fraction. Under certain physicochemical conditions, condensation induces the solid-to-liquid transition of the sediment layer, resulting in sediment flow and the formation of band structures. These results suggest a physical mechanism for the formation of patterns commonly observed on the humid walls of underground cavities, referred to as vermiculations.
Cliophysics: A scientific analysis of recurrent historical events
Authors: Aruka Yuji , Baaquie Belal , Chen Xiaosong , Di Zengru , Kim Beomjun , Richmond Peter , Roehner Bertrand M. , Wang Qing-hai , Yang Yang
Published: March 2022

Named after Clio, the Greek goddess of history, cliophysics is a daughter (and in a sense an extension) of econophysics. Like econophysics it relies on the methodology of experimental physics. Its purpose is to conduct a scientific analysis of (recurrent) historical events. Such events can be of sociological, political or economic nature. In this last case cliophysics would coincide with econophysics. The main difference between cliophysics and econophysics is that the description of historical events may be qualitative as well as quantitative. For the handling of qualitative accounts cliophysics has developed an approach based on the identification of patterns. To detect a pattern the main challenge is to break the “noise barrier”. The very existence of patterns is what makes cliophysics possible and ensures its success. Briefly stated, once a pattern is detected, it allows predictions to be made. As the capacity to make successful predictions is the hallmark of any science, it becomes easy to decide whether or not the claim made in the title of the paper is indeed justified. A number of examples of clusters of similar events will be given which should convince readers that historical events can be simplified almost at will very much as in physics. In the last part of the paper, we describe cliophysical investigations conducted over the past decades; they make us confident that cliophysics can be a valuable tool for decision makers. This is not an ordinary physics paper for it does not focus on a specific question but rather delineates a new field and outlines an innovative research program. Neither should it be seen as an opinion paper for, thanks to its nine co-authors, it offers objective arguments in support of its proposals.
On the attractive inverse-square potential in the induced electric dipole system under the influence of the harmonic oscillator
Authors: Bakke K. , Ramos J. G. G. S.
Published: March 2022

We obtain the analytical solutions to the Schrödinger equation for the attractive inverse-square potential in an induced electric dipole moment system under the influence of the harmonic oscillator. We show that bound states can exist when the electric field configuration brings a cut-off point that imposes a forbidden region for the neutral particle. Then, by dealing with s-waves, we obtain the energy eigenvalues in the strong electric field regime and for small values of the angular frequency of the harmonic oscillator. Further, we extend our discussion about the energy eigenvalues beyond the s-waves.
Orientalism without Power?
Authors: Zou Dongxin
Published: March 2022

Sent by the Chinese government on medical missions, Chinese female ob-gyns have served in rural and small-town public hospitals in Algeria and Morocco for more than fifty years. Yet little is known about the medical encounters or how the ob-gyns perceived patients and their health cultures. Drawing on untapped Chinese medical-mission literature, this article shows that the ob-gyns have since the 1980s constructed certain images of North African women as an inferior other, either reckless biological reproducers or incompetent health providers. In their criticisms of reproductive practices and female professionalism, they viewed local health policies and institutions through the prisms of modern obstetrics and Chinese gender rhetoric and ultimately bolstered their professional status at home in China. The article also suggests that while the ob-gyns were not attached to a hard-power colonial state apparatus, they retained considerable situational power over their patients.
Short-Circuited Trans Care, t4t, and Trans Scenes
Authors: Marvin Amy
Published: March 2022

This essay discusses short-circuited trans care by focusing on failures of t4t as an ethos both interpersonally and within particular trans scenes. The author begins by recounting an experience working at a bar/restaurant that appealed to its identity as a caring trans community space as part of its exploitation of trans workers. This dynamic inspires the main argument, that t4t can become an ethos of scenes and institutions beyond the interpersonal while short-circuiting practices of trans care. Short-circuited trans care is then traced to t4t by drawing from Hil Malatino's work on trans care and t4t, Kai Cheng Thom's work on community dynamics, and trans literature to argue that practices of t4t often include abuse, expulsion, and assumptive care. This short-circuited trans care is linked to trans scenes by discussing the ethos of t4t in the history of Topside Press and trans cultural production. The author does not condemn t4t and to this effect offers a critique of tethering trans cultural production to prestige instead of care. Rather, the goal of this essay is to openly discuss aspects of t4t and trans care that are often obscured through the projection of a highly questionable “we” or universalized “trans community.”
Subcellular localization of mutant P23H rhodopsin in an RFP fusion knock-in mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Robichaux Michael A. , Nguyen Vy , Chan Fung , Kailasam Lavanya , He Feng , Wilson John H. , Wensel Theodore G.
Published: March 2022

The P23H mutation in rhodopsin (Rho), the rod visual pigment, is the most common allele associated with autosomal-dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP). The fate of misfolded mutant Rho in rod photoreceptors has yet to be elucidated. We generated a new mouse model, in which the P23H-Rho mutant allele is fused to the fluorescent protein Tag-RFP-T (P23HhRhoRFP). In heterozygotes, outer segments formed, and wild-type (WT) rhodopsin was properly localized, but mutant P23H-Rho protein was mislocalized in the inner segments. Heterozygotes exhibited slowly progressing retinal degeneration. Mislocalized P23HhRhoRFP was contained in greatly expanded endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes. Quantification of mRNA for markers of ER stress and the unfolded protein response revealed little or no increases. mRNA levels for both the mutant human rhodopsin allele and the WT mouse rhodopsin were reduced, but protein levels revealed selective degradation of the mutant protein. These results suggest that the mutant rods undergo an adaptative process that prolongs survival despite unfolded protein accumulation in the ER. The P23H-Rho-RFP mouse may represent a useful tool for the future study of the pathology and treatment of P23H-Rho and adRP.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Divergent G-protein selectivity across melanopsins from mice and humans
Authors: McDowell Richard J. , Rodgers Jessica , Milosavljevic Nina , Lucas Robert J.
Published: March 2022

Melanopsin is an opsin photopigment and light-activated G-protein-coupled receptor; it is expressed in photoreceptive retinal ganglion cells (mRGCs) and can be employed as an optogenetic tool. Mammalian melanopsins can signal via Gq/11 and Gi/o/t heterotrimeric G proteins, but aspects of the mRGC light response appear incompatible with either mode of signalling. We use live-cell reporter assays in HEK293T cells to show that melanopsins from mice and humans can also signal via Gs. We subsequently show that this mode of signalling is substantially divergent between species. The two established structural isoforms of mouse melanopsin (which differ in the length of their C-terminal tail) both signalled strongly through all three G-protein classes (Gq/11, Gi/o and Gs), whereas human melanopsin showed weaker signalling through Gs. Our data identify Gs as a new mode of signalling for mammalian melanopsins and reveal diversity in G-protein selectivity across mammalian melanopsins.
Patterning of the cell cortex and the localization of cleavage furrows in multi-nucleate cells
Authors: Gerisch Günther , Prassler Jana , Ecke Mary
Published: March 2022

In multi-nucleate cells of Dictyostelium, cytokinesis is performed by unilateral cleavage furrows that ingress the large cells from their border. We use a septase (sepA)-null mutant with delayed cytokinesis to show that in anaphase a pattern is generated in the cell cortex of cortexillin and myosin II. In multi-nucleate cells, these proteins decorate the entire cell cortex except circular zones around the centrosomes. Unilateral cleavage furrows are initiated at spaces free of microtubule asters and invade the cells along trails of cortexillin and myosin II accumulation. Where these areas widen, the cleavage furrow may branch or expand. When two furrows meet, they fuse, thus separating portions of the multi-nucleate cell from each other. Unilateral furrows are distinguished from the contractile ring of a normal furrow by their expansion rather than constriction. This is particularly evident for expanding ring-shaped furrows that are formed in the centre of a large multi-nucleate cell. Our data suggest that the myosin II-enriched area in multi-nucleate cells is a contractile sheet that pulls on the unilateral furrows and, in that way, expands them.
Catalytic Reduction of Dinitrogen to Ammonia and Hydrazine Using Iron–Dinitrogen Complexes Bearing Anionic Benzene-Based PCP-Type Pincer Ligands
Authors: Kuriyama Shogo , Kato Takeru , Tanaka Hiromasa , Konomi Asuka , Yoshizawa Kazunari , Nishibayashi Yoshiaki
Published: March 2022

Among synthetic models of nitrogenases, iron–dinitrogen complexes with an Fe–C bond have attracted increasing attention in recent years. Here we report the synthesis of square-planar iron(I)–dinitrogen complexes supported by anionic benzene-based PCP- and POCOP-type pincer ligands as carbon donors. These complexes catalyze the formation of ammonia and hydrazine from the reaction of dinitrogen (1 atm) with a reductant and a proton source at −78 °C, producing up to 252 equiv of ammonia and 68 equiv of hydrazine (388 equiv of fixed N atom) based on the iron atom of the catalyst. Anionic iron(0)–dinitrogen complexes, considered an essential reactive species in the catalytic reaction, are newly isolated from the reduction of the corresponding iron(I)–dinitrogen complexes. This study examines their reactivity using experiments and DFT calculations.
Effect of blending ratio of wheat, orange fleshed sweet potato and haricot bean flour on proximate compositions, β-carotene, physicochemical properties and sensory acceptability of biscuits’
Authors: Kindeya Fieben , Hailu Welday , Dessalegn Tilku , L. Kibr Gesessew
Published: March 2022

Background: Protein-energy malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency (VAD) are the most important public health issues, and a food-based strategy is crucial to combat those health problems among the vulnerable group of people.

Methods: Composite biscuits were made with 100:0:0, 90:5:5, 80:10:10, 70:15:15, 60:20:20, and 50:25:25 percent wheat, haricot bean, and orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) flours.Standard methods were used to evaluate the proximate compositions, β-carotene, physical properties, functional properties, and sensory acceptability. A one-way analysis of variance model was used to statistically evaluate the data using the statistical analysis system software package, version 9.0 standard methods.

Results: The results showed that partially replacing wheat with haricot beans and OFSP increased the β-carotene and proximate compositions significantly. When wheat was replaced with haricot beans and OFSP, the physical characteristics of the biscuits did not vary significantly from those of biscuits made entirely of wheat flour. Sensory acceptability (appearance, color, flavor, taste and overall acceptability) was higher in the composite biscuits with up to 40% wheat substitution than in the 100% wheat flour biscuits.

Conclusion: Based on the findings of this report, replacing wheat with OFSP and haricot beans in biscuit formulation appears to be promising in improving nutritional quality, sensory acceptability, and beta carotene. It is proposed that these products can mitigate food insecurity and deficiency of vitamin A.
Automated human chromosome segmentation and feature extraction: Current trends and prospects
Authors: Balagalla Umaya Bhashini , Samarabandu Jagath , Subasinghe Akila
Published: March 2022

Automated human chromosome segmentation and feature extraction aim to improve the overall quality of genetic disorder diagnosis by addressing the limitations of tedious manual processes such as expertise dependence, time-inefficiency, observer variability and fatigue errors. Nevertheless, significant differences caused by staining methods, chromosome damage which may occur during imaging, cell and staining debris, inhomogeneity, weak boundaries, morphological variations, premature sister chromatid separation, as well as the presence of overlapping, touching, di-centric and bent chromosomes pose challenges in automated human chromosome segmentation and feature extraction. This review paper extensively discusses how the approaches presented in literature have addressed these challenges, and their strengths and limitations. Human chromosome segmentation algorithms are presented under four broad categories; thresholding, clustering, active contours and convex-concave points-based methods. Chromosome feature extraction methods are discussed under two main categories based on banding-pattern and geometry. In addition, new insights for the improvement of fully automated karyotyping are provided.
Wpływ pandemii COVID-19 na zdrowie psychiczne wybranych grup społecznych
Authors: Chałupnik Aleksandra , Borkowska Aleksandra , Chilimoniuk Zuzanna , Dobosz Maciej , Wieteska Małgorzata , Mizerski Grzegorz
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT 

Introduction and purpose: COVID-19 is a highly contagious disease that is caused by a new strain of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (type 2 acute respiratory syndrome virus). Globally, as of 14 July 2021, there have been more than 4 million deaths and almost 190 million confirmed cases of infection. Mental health disorders are sets of behaviours, ways of thinking or perceiving and other mental activities and relations with other people which are a source of suffering or impediments to the individual functioning of the affected person. The most common mental health disorders are anxiety disorders, insomnia, depression and somatic disorders. 

State of knowledge: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted people's lives around the world through the rapid spread of the disease, high mortality and negative health effects. Over time, there is growing public concern that health systems may become overburdened and that adequate medical care will not be available to everyone affected by the disease. There are also concerns that isolation and reduced mobility will be long-term with serious consequences for mental health and well-being. 

Summary: There is already evidence of the negative psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on children and adolescents, as well as the elderly who have been isolated, making these individuals more susceptible to developing long-term psychiatric disorders.
El silencio parlante. Cavilaciones sobre el lugar de la nada en la filosofía, el arte y la ciencia
Authors: Sevilla Godínez Héctor
Published: March 2022

El objetivo de las siguientes líneas es mostrar el lugar que ha ocupado la nada, a través de sus analogías, en el mundo de las ciencias y el arte. Entre otras cosas, la intención que sostiene el presente estudio es señalar que el conocimiento no está únicamente centrado en lo tangible o en las cosas que son, sino que requiere, al igual que el arte, de la noción de una realidad no centrada en el ser. La nada es, por tanto, como contenedor de posibilidades infinitas, la fuente de la materialización de los hallazgos científicos y las obras de arte. Se abordarán algunos hallazgos históricos del estudio de la nada en la filosofía griega, la ciencia, el arte y el silencio.
Cueva de la Dehesilla: nuevos datos estratigráficos, materiales y radiocarbónicos (corte c006) y revisión de su secuencia neolítica.
Authors: García Rivero Daniel , Barrera Cruz María , Diaz Rodriguez Manuel J , Vera Rodriguez Juan C. , Taylor Ruth
Published: March 2022

Este artículo presenta los datos procedentes de un nuevo corte –denominado C006- realizado durante 2017 en Cueva de la Dehesilla. Por vez primera, se excava una de las salas más internas de la cavidad -sala 4-. El área intervenida muestra una secuencia estratigráfica datada desde el Neolítico Antiguo hasta el Neolítico Final, y cubierta por una gruesa colada calcárea. Concretamente, se presentan los datos estratigráficos, materiales –cerámicos y líticos- y radiocarbónicos. Posteriormente, se realiza una comparación sistemática entre estos datos y los previamente conocidos en el corte C003, ubicado cerca de la entrada de la cavidad. Esta aproximación permite detectar diversos patrones empíricos subyacentes al registro material, y explorar cuestiones tanto cronoculturales como también relacionadas con las actividades y usos diferenciales contextuales en ambas salas de la cueva.
Sobre la introducción de la arquitectura palacial en el Mediterráneo Occidental.
Authors: Fumadó Ortega Iván
Published: March 2022

El palacio es a la vez un tipo de edificio y una alegoría política. La definitiva importación al Mediterráneo Occidental de este tipo arquitectónico y de su lenguaje simbólico se consumó al tiempo que la República romana se transformaba en un Imperio. Pero antes de estos hechos hubo otras experimentaciones con elementos propios de la arquitectura palacial, tanto en ámbito público como privado, en Italia, Sicilia, en el Maghreb occidental y en la península ibérica. En este artículo se propone una definición razonada del término palacio que sirva para su uso analítico, se discute sobre el rol jugado por las grandes poleis mediterráneas, en especial Cartago, en la difusión de estos edificios y se aboga por considerar a las monarquías norteafricanas, aún no suficientemente atendidas por la investigación, como importantes vectores de transmisión de este tipo de arquitectura en el Mediterráneo occidental.
Familia, poder y memoria: las necrópolis de la Meseta oriental durante la Edad del Hierro.
Authors: Liceras Garrido Raquel
Published: March 2022

Las necrópolis son metáforas materiales de las sociedades del pasado. Las distribuciones espaciales, los estudios de materiales, los análisis osteológicos, de isótopos, etc. arrojan luz sobre las formas de la negociación social, del poder y de la autoridad que nos permiten examinar las diferentes construcciones identitarias y los modelos de organización de las comunidades protohistóricas. La investigación sobre las necrópolis de la Meseta oriental se remonta a mediados del siglo XIX y ha ofrecido extensos conjuntos materiales que han sido estudiados desde perspectivas tipológicas y temporales principalmente. En este artículo, se analizan las relaciones entre las distribuciones espaciales de los enterramientos, los materiales de los ajuares, el sexo y la edad de los individuos de las necrópolis de El Pradillo, Carratiermes, La Yunta y Numancia para examinar los vínculos sociales establecidos en la muerte como un reflejo de las estructuras organizativas de las comunidades de la Edad del Hierro.
Un testimonio de la producción de brea en la protohistoria de la península ibérica: el horno de la Illeta dels Banyets (El Campello, Alicante).
Authors: Olcina Doménech Manuel , Martínez Carmona Adoración , Sala Selles Feliciana , López Serrano David , Doménech-Carbó Antonio , Carrión Marco Yolanda
Published: March 2022

Durante la campaña de 2009-2010 en el yacimiento arqueológico de la Illeta dels Banyets se localizó un basamento circular, una pileta y un depósito excavado en el subsuelo que formaban parte de un único equipamiento dedicado a una actividad productiva. Por sus características y por los análisis antracológico y químico se ha identificado como un horno para la destilación de pez o brea, cuyo proceso de fabricación se ha visto confirmado con paralelos arqueológicos y etnográficos. Datado entre finales del siglo IV y la primera mitad del siglo III a.C., es la primera instalación completa de este tipo conocida para el periodo protohistórico en la península ibérica.
CIL II, 865: una inscripción singular para un insólito monumento funerario en territorio vetón.
Authors: Palao Vicente Juan José
Published: March 2022

Este trabajo analiza de forma pormenorizada CIL II, 865, una inscripción cuyo origen ha situado la tradición epigráfica en Irueña (Fuenteguinaldo, Salamanca). Esta adscripción ha servido de base para la atribución a ese mismo yacimiento de otros epígrafes que carecen de contexto arqueológico, una teoría que cuestiona este trabajo. Pero el interés principal de esta pieza se encuentra en sus características formales, que permiten identificarla como un friso epigráfico asociado a un monumento funerario, dos elementos ausentes hasta la fecha en esta parte del territorio vetón.
Constructing Prediction Intervals Using the Likelihood Ratio Statistic
Authors: Tian Qinglong , Nordman Daniel J. , Meeker William Q.
Published: March 2022

Statistical prediction plays an important role in many decision processes, such as university budgeting (depending on the number of students who will enroll), capital budgeting (depending on the remaining lifetime of a fleet of systems), the needed amount of cash reserves for warranty expenses (depending on the number of warranty returns), and whether a product recall is needed (depending on the number of potentially life-threatening product failures). In statistical inference, likelihood ratios have a long history of use for decision making relating to model parameters (e.g., in evidence-based medicine and forensics). We propose a general prediction method, based on a likelihood ratio (LR) involving both the data and a future random variable. This general approach provides a way to identify prediction interval methods that have excellent statistical properties. For example, if a prediction method can be based on a pivotal quantity, our LR-based method will often identify it. For applications where a pivotal quantity does not exist, the LR-based method provides a procedure with good coverage properties for both continuous or discrete-data prediction applications.
Social Media and News: Content Bundling and News Quality
Authors: de Cornière Alexandre , Sarvary Miklos
Published: March 2022

The growing influence of internet platforms acting as content aggregators is one of the most important challenges facing the media industry. We develop a simple model to understand the impact of third-party content bundling by a social platform that has a monopoly on showing user-generated content to consumers. In our model, consumers can access news either directly through a newspaper’s website or indirectly through a platform, which also offers social content. We show that content bundling, when unilaterally implemented by the platform, tends to harm publishers and to increase the dispersion of quality across outlets, with initially high-quality outlets investing more and low-quality ones investing less. With many heterogenous newspapers, the result is robust even if each newspaper can prevent the platform from using its content. When content bundling follows an agreement between the platform and publisher, its effects are reversed, as publishers’ profits go up while quality dispersion goes down. In a setup with heterogeneous consumers, we also show that the platform’s ability to personalize the mix of content it shows to users induces publishers to invest more in the quality of their content.

This paper was accepted by Dmitri Kuksov, marketing.

Funding: The authors thank the Net Institute for financial support. A. de Cornière acknowledges funding from Agence Nationale de la Recherche [Grant ANR-17-EUR-0010 (Investissements d'Avenir Program)], the Toulouse School of Economics Digital Center, and the Artificial and Natural Intelligence Toulouse Institute.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4341 .
Successful Treatment of Spondylodiscitis and Infectious Sacroiliitis due to Listeria monocytogenes using Meropenem as Salvage Therapy
Authors: Kapuczinski Abeline , Place Sammy , Filleul Oliver , Villers Christine
Published: March 2022

Infectious sacroiliitis is a rare disease that can occur in conjunction with other osteoarticular infections. Furthermore, it is very unusual for Listeria monocytogenes to be identified in an osteoarticular infection, with spondylodiscitis being the most frequent such infection. We report a case of spondylodiscitis with infectious sacroiliitis due to infection with L. monocytogenes treated successfully with meropenem as salvage therapy.
REDES DE INTERAÇÕES TRANSFRONTEIRIÇAS COTIDIANAS NA ZONA DE FRONTEIRA BRASILEIRO-PARAGUAIA FORMADA POR GUAÍRA (PARANÁ) E SALTO DEL GUAIRÁ (DEPARTAMENTO DE CANINDEYU)
Authors: Rocha Ana Paula Azevedo da , Ferrari Maristela
Published: March 2022

Guaíra (Paraná) e Salto Del Guairá (Canindeyu) formam um conjunto de cidades pares da zona de fronteira brasileiro-paraguaia, situadas as margens do Rio Paraná, também chamado de reservatório de águas ou lago da Usina Hidrelétrica binacional de Itaipu. Até o começo de 1980 aquelas pequenas cidades mantinham fracas interações transfronteiriças entre elas, mas a partir das duas últimas décadas do século XX, profundas mudanças na região tornariam as redes de interações mais densas e cotidianas. Este artigo objetiva analisar quais os fatores responsáveis pela emergência de redes de interações transfronteirças cotidianas entre Guaíra e Salto Del Guairá e identificar a tipologia de tais redes. A metodologia consistiu em leituras teóricas e trabalho de campo realizado nas cidades de Guaíra e Salto Del Guairá. O artigo foi organizado em duas partes: a primeira faz uma retrospectiva geo-histórica que permite compreender os fatores que contribuíram para a emergência de redes transfronteirças cotidianas; a segunda evidencia a tipologia das redes e os fatores que as determinaram. Para finalizar realizamos algumas considerações que permitem inferir que obras de infreaestruturas na região, como, a construção do reservatório de água da Itaipu e a construção da Ponte nacional Ayrton Sena ligando o Paraná ao Mato Grosso do Sul, foram, em parte, responsáveis pela cotidianidade das interações transfronteirças, mas a densidade e duração das mesmas depende fundamentalmente dos diferenciais cambiais e das assimetrias sócio-espaciais e especializações de serviços num e noutro lado da fronteira entre Brasil e o Paraguai.
QUAL O ESPAÇO DO T-LOVER?: O ARMÁRIO NO CONTEXTO DO CIBERESPAÇO
Authors: Pimentel Ivan Ignácio , Barbosa Ana Carolina Santos , Silva Jeziel Silveira
Published: March 2022

Neste artigo buscamos compreender qual é o espaço dos t-lovers, sujeitos que na busca pela manutenção dos padrões masculinos dominantes e cis-heteronormativos encontram na sociedade “off-line”, maneiras de dar novos contornos ao armário proposto por Sedgwick (2007). Pensar o armário no contexto do ciberespaço é peça-chave para entender as múltiplas masculinidades performadas pelos mesmos indivíduos em diferentes espacialidades. Dessa forma, o anonimato converte-se em tática para que possam manter relações com as t-gatas sem ferir os símbolos atribuídos ao que foi construído como “ser homem”. Nas pesquisas em gênero e sexualidade, frequentemente, recorre-se ao uso de uma metodologia que contemple eventos e narrativas vivenciadas pelos próprios participantes, por isso no presente trabalho optou-se pela utilização da análise do discurso.
O PROJETO HEGEMÔNICO E OS PROJETOS ALTERNATIVOS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO NO AMAPÁ
Authors: Do Carmo Eduardo Margarit Alfena
Published: March 2022

O estado do Amapá se apresenta como fronteira para o desenvolvimento do capitalismo. A implantação de infraestrutura pelo Estado permitiu o desenvolvimento da mineração, do agronegócio, da indústria madeireira e da indústria pesqueira. Estas atividades são apontadas pelo Estado como fundamentais para o desenvolvimento econômico do Amapá, mas se apresentam extremamente ligadas à acumulação do grande capital, por isto sua classificação como hegemônica. Portanto, o objetivo deste artigo é apresentar os limites do modelo de desenvolvimento hegemônico e as alternativas e resistência dos povos tradicionais no Amapá. Para tanto, foram identificadas as problemáticas envolvendo o projeto de desenvolvimento hegemônico e as iniciativas dos povos tradicionais de resistência e perpetuação de seu modo de vida. Como resultado, foi possível identificar que o projeto hegemônico apresenta em si muitas contradições e limitações impostas pelas condições geográficas e socioeconômicas do Amapá. Por outro lado há muitas iniciativas dos povos tradicionais que se apresentam como alternativa ao projeto hegemônico para o desenvolvimento econômico do Amapá. Conclui-se que é possível estabelecer um modelo de desenvolvimento econômico para o Amapá socialmente justo e ambientalmente mais apropriado à dinâmica socioespacial do estado, mas isto enseja a mudança no paradigma de desenvolvimento econômico adotado pelo Estado.
Compression therapy and heart failure: a scoping review of the existing evidence
Authors: Cooper-Stanton Garry
Published: March 2022

The completion of a scoping review within the area of compression therapy and heart failure offers an insight into the present literature in this area, alongside offering the ability to connect this existing knowledge to chronic oedema/lymphoedema when both conditions co-exist. The evidence obtained included national agreed guidelines, consensus documents and existing primary/secondary research. The review identified existing evidence that suggests that the application of compression therapy in those with heart failure may be appropriate, but is dependent upon staging and stability. However, this needs to be contextualised against other co-morbidities, such as lymphoedema, which may impact upon the exact compression therapy and level applied. Further research within the area of heart failure in combination with chronic oedema/lymphoedema would expand the existing evidence base. This is set against a need for further consensus guidance to bridge the gap that exists within the literature.
The frequency of nutrition impact symptoms and reduced oral intake among consecutive COVID-19 patients from an Australian health service
Authors: De Groot Lynette , Vivanti Angela
Published: March 2022

COVID-19 symptoms range from severe respiratory failure to mild anorexia, cough and smell and taste alterations, adversely impacting nutritional intake. The aim of this paper was to establish malnutrition risk, Nutrition Impact Symptoms (NIS) and associations with reduced oral intake. A retrospective observational cohort of all people testing positive for COVID-19 was conducted. Malnutrition risk, nutritional status, weight, reduced oral intake and NIS on and during admission were collected. Dietetic consultation frequency and mode were captured. Some 80% (48/60) of participants reported at least one NIS, and 58% (25/60) reported two or more. Most frequent reported symptoms were cough (60%), sore throat (35%) and reduced appetite (28%). Significant associations existed between ≥2 NIS (p=0.006), reduced appetite (p=0.000) and reduced oral intake, with 20% requiring ongoing nutrition support and consultation. High NIS prevalence confirms systematised nutrition support pathways are indicated through incorporation into standard care across the healthcare continuum, including community care.
Pressure ulcers at the end of life
Authors: Mitchell Aby , Elbourne Scott
Published: March 2022

Skin compromise at the end of life (SCALE) is not a new concept. The development of SCALE at the end of life is often deemed unavoidable and a result of multiorgan failure resulting in tissue hypoperfusion, which leads to depletion of oxygen and nutrients for the skin. Pressure ulcers, formed due to pressure, shearing or continuous friction, are also common at the end of life. The goal of care for patients with pressure ulcers at the end of life is usually wound management and good quality of life, rather than wound healing. Nurses must assess all pressure ulcers or SCALE at the end of life holistically and consider treatment and management based on the patient's condition.