bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antiviral Activities of Artemisia vulgaris L. Extract Against Herpes Simplex Virus
Authors: Wang Yifei , Xiao Ji , Liu Ping , Hu Yuze , Liu Tao , Guo Yuying , Sun Pinghua , Zheng Junxia , Ren Zhe
Published: October 2022

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the α herpesvirus subfamily. It often leads to herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSE), keratitis, and cold sores. Currently, acyclovir is approved by the FDA for clinical use, but with the use of this drug, HSV-1 resistance frequently becomes increasingly intense and recurrent. Therefore, it is increasingly urgent to explore the anti-HSV-1 mechanism of other nonnucleoside analogs and natural compounds.
Artemisia vulgaris L., belonging to the Compositae family, genus Artemisia, is often used as a traditional Chinese medicine as both medicine and food. Its leaves have multiple biological functions, such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, insecticidal, antitumor, antiviral, antioxidant and immune regulation functions. We collected and isolated a variety of A. vulgaris L. samples from Tangyin County, Henan Province and then screened the A. vulgaris L. leaf extracts for anti-HSV-1 activity. The results of the plaque reduction test showed that the crude extract of A. vulgaris L.-Fr.8.3 had anti-HSV-1 activity, and we further verified the anti-HSV-1 activity of Fr.8.3 at the DNA, RNA and protein levels. Moreover, we found that Fr.8.3 also had a broad spectrum of antiviral activity. Finally, we explored its anti-HSV-1 mechanism, and the results showed that Fr.8.3 exerted an anti-HSV-1 effect by acting directly on the virus itself. Then, the extracts were screened on HSV-1 surface glycoproteins and host cell surface receptors for potential binding ability by molecular docking, which further verified the phenotypic results. LC-MS analysis showed that 1 and 2 were the two main components of the extracts. Docking analysis suggested that compounds from extract 1 might similarly cover the binding domain between the virus and the host cells, thus interfering with virus adhesion to cell receptors, which provides new ideas and insights for clinical drug development for herpes simplex virus type 1.
Evaluation of the Star Family Doctors Training Program: A semi-control cohort study of a novel continuing medical education program for general practitioners within a compact medical consortium
Authors: Liang Ling-Bo , Li Xu , Liu Xiang-Ping , Li Cai-Zheng , Luo Dan , Liu Feng , Mao Ting-Rui , Su Qiao-Li
Published: October 2022

Introduction: To determine the effectiveness of the Star Family Doctors Training Program, a comprehensive continuing medical education (CME) program for general practitioners (GPs) in a compact medical consortium.
Patients and Methods: Semi-control cohort study with quantitative and qualitative analyses in primary health care institutions in Sichuan Province. The interventions were as following: (1) The Star Family Doctors Training Program is a full-time, local government allocation program certified by the Health Department of Sichuan Province, emphasizing small group learning and practice, and using standard patients and medical patient simulators; 30 participants were selected by their institutions. (2) The control group underwent a self-financed after-work CME program using conventional lectures; 50 participants were self-selected. Short-term effectiveness assessed using immediate post-training tests and self-evaluations; long-term (1 year) effectiveness evaluated using self-reported surveys.
Results: The study involved 80 GPs (28.75% men; mean age: 38.2 ± 9.2 years). The average post-training total score was higher in the STAR group than in the control group (72.83 ± 5.73 vs. 68.18 ± 7.64; p = 0.005). Compared to the controls, the STAR group trainees showed better application of the training contents (p = 0.03), more outpatients (p = 0.02) and patients who signed family-doctor contracts (p = 0.001), and increased patient satisfaction (p = 0.03). STAR-group trainees appraised the program higher and were more willing to recommend it to colleagues (90% vs. 64%, p = 0.011).
Conclusion: The Star Family Doctors Training Program achieved good responses and provides a reference for future CME programs.
Short and long-term consequences of heat exposure on mitochondrial metabolism in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata)
Authors: Pacheco-Fuentes Hector , Ton Riccardo , Griffith Simon C.
Published: October 2022

Understanding the consequences of heat exposure on mitochondrial function is crucial as mitochondria lie at the core of metabolic processes, also affecting population dynamics. In adults, mitochondrial metabolism varies with temperature but can also depend on thermal conditions experienced during development. We exposed zebra finches to two alternative heat-treatments during early development; “constant”, maintained birds at ambient 35°C from parental pair formation to fledglings’ independence, while “periodic” heated broods at 40°C, six hours daily at nestling stage. Two years later, we acclimated birds from both experiments at 25°C for 21 days, before exposing them to artificial heat (40°C, five hours daily for ten days). After both conditions we measured red blood cells’ mitochondrial metabolism using a high-resolution respirometer. We found significantly decreased mitochondrial metabolism for Routine, Oxidative Phosphorylation (OxPhos) and Electron Transport System maximum capacity (ETS) after the heat-treatments. Additionally, the birds exposed to “constant” heat in early life showed lower oxygen consumption at the proton leak (Leak) stage after the heat treatment as adults. Females showed higher mitochondrial respiration for Routine, ETS and Leak independently of treatments, while this pattern was reversed for OxPhos coupling efficiency (OxCE). Our results show that short-term acclimation involved reduced mitochondrial respiration, and that the reaction of adult birds to heat depends on the intensity, pattern and duration of temperature conditions experienced at early-life stages. Our study provides insight into the complexity underlying variation in mitochondrial metabolism and raises questions on the adaptive value of long-lasting physiological adjustments triggered by the early-life thermal environment.
C/ebpα represses the oncogenic Runx3–Myc axis in p53-deficient osteosarcoma development
Authors: Ito Kosei , Omori Keisuke , Otani Shohei
Published: October 2022

Osteosarcoma (OS) is characterized by TP53 mutations in humans. In mice, loss of p53 triggers OS development, and osteoprogenitor-specific p53-deleted mice are widely used to study the process of osteosarcomagenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the initiation or progression of OS following or parallel to p53 inactivation remain largely unknown. Here, we examined the role of transcription factors involved in adipogenesis (adipo-TFs) in p53-deficient OS and identified a novel tumor suppressive molecular mechanism mediated by C/ebpα. C/ebpα specifically interacts with Runx3, a p53 deficiency-dependent oncogene, and, in the same manner as p53, decreases the activity of the oncogenic axis of OS, Runx3-Myc, by inhibiting Runx3 DNA binding. The identification of a novel molecular role for C/ebpα in p53-deficient osteosarcomagenesis underscores the importance of the Runx-Myc oncogenic axis as a therapeutic target for OS.
Knowledge, Attitude and Implementation of Evidence-Based Practice among Nurses; A National Survey
Authors: Alblooshi Sumaya Mohammed , Razzak Hira Abdul , Hijji Farha H R , Wishah Moayad Ahmad Mohammad , Alkarbi Mubarkah , Harbi Alya Zaid
Published: October 2022

Background:Evidence-based practice has gained prominence among the nursing profession. It is gradually being acknowledged as a crucial component of enlightening the quality of healthcare and nursing care services, and in attaining excellence in patient care. EBP across UAE has been widely adopted as country strategic direction but the knowledge, attitudes, and its implementation among nurses are yet to be explored. This research aimed to explore the knowledge, attitude and implementation of evidence-based practice (EBP) among nurses working in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was administered to a random sample of 1,602 nurses across UAE healthcare settings, from January to March 2022. The self-reported EBP Questionnaire developed by Upton in 2006 and EBP Implementation scale by Melnyk, Fineout-Overholt, & Mays in 2008 were used for data collection.
Results: A total of 1602 nurses (response rate: 95.9%) completed the questionnaire. The mean age was 38.7 years (age range = 20 - >60 years). Most were staff nurses 634 (39.6), and had a nursing experience of 11-15 years -452 (28.2%). Majority of the participants were female (84.1%), and Indian (55.6%). Attitudes towards EBP showed the highest mean score of 4.93±1.7 followed by knowledge (4.5±1.4) and practice (3.92±1.7). Hence, the nurses' attitudes towards EBP appeared to be positive, their implementation and knowledge were comparatively moderate. The total EBPQ score was found to be 106.3 out of 168.
Conclusion: This finding from the study can serve as a baseline assessment for future evaluations as well as it provides a foundation for the enactment of strategies to promote EBP utilization among nurses across different health care settings in United Arab Emirates. Organizations and nursing leaders need to invest in establishing academic and professional development programs on EBP. EBP education coupled with experienced mentor support holds promise for acculturating nurses’ engagement in clinical practice informed by the best available evidence.
Modelling infection risk and emergency evacuation from bioaerosol leakage around an urban vaccine factory
Authors: Liu zhijan , Hu Chenxing , Cao Hongwei , Wu Minnan , Zhang Siqi , He Junzhou , Jiang Chuan
Published: October 2022

Heightened interests in modelling outdoor diffusion and transmission of bioaerosols due to the prevalence of COVID-19 in urban environment led to a better knowledge of the issues concerning exposure risks and evacuation planning. In this study, the numerical method was applied in calculating the dispersion of bioaerosols. Then, the infection risk at the pedestrian level was assessed by the improved Wells-Reily equation. Finally, the Dijkstra algorithm derived from the greedy algorithm based on the was adopted to predict the evacuation path. The results show that the deposition of bioaerosols can reach 80 m on windward side wall of the high-rise buildings driven by the buoyancy force. Compared with stable thermal stratification, the infection risk of unstable thermal stratification in upstream and downstream of the research area can increase by 4.76% and 0.88%, respectively. The present work provides a promising approach of infection risk assessment and evacuation planning for the emergency response to urban bioaerosol leakage.
Retinoblastoma-binding protein 5 regulates H3K4 methylation modification to inhibit the proliferation of melanoma cells by inactivating the Wnt/β-catenin and epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathways
Authors: Yang Zhiqin , Jia Yue , Wang Shaojia , Zhang Yongjun , Fan Wen , Wang Xin , He Liang , Shen Xiaoyu , Yang Xiangqun , Zhang Yi , Yang Hongying
Published: October 2022

Background
Histone 3 lysine 4 methylation (H3K4me), especially histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3), is one of the most extensively studied patterns of histone modification and plays crucial roles in many biological processes. However, as a part of H3K4 methyltransferase that participates in H3K4 methylation and transcriptional regulation, retinoblastoma-binding protein 5 (RBBP5) has not been well studied in melanoma cancer. The present study sought to explore RBBP5-mediated H3K4 histone modification and the potential mechanisms in melanoma.
Methods
RBBP5 expression in melanoma and nevi specimens was detected by immunohistochemistry. Western blotting was performed for three pairs of melanoma cancer tissues and nevi tissues. In vitro and in vivo assays were used to investigate the function of RBBP5. The molecular mechanism was determined using RT-qPCR, western blotting, ChIP assays, and co-IP assays.
Results
Our study showed that RBBP5 was significantly downregulated in melanoma tissue and cells compared with nevi tissues and normal epithelia cells (P < 0.05). Reducing RBBP5 in human melanoma cells leads to H3K4me3 downregulation and promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. On the one hand, we verified that WD repeat and SOCS box containing protein 2(WSB2) was an upstream gene of RBBP5-mediated H3K4 modification, which could directly bind to RBBP5 and negatively regulate its expression. On the other hand, we also confirmed that p16 (a cancer suppressor gene), was a downstream target of H3K4me3, the promoter of which can directly bind to H3K4me3. Mechanistically, our data revealed that RBBP5 inactivated the Wnt/β-catenin and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathways (P < 0.05), leading to melanoma suppression.
Conclusion
Histone methylation is rising as an important factor affecting tumorigenicity and tumour progression. Our findings verified the significance of RBBP5-mediated H3K4 modification in melanoma and the potential regulatory mechanisms of melanoma proliferation and growth, suggesting that RBBP5 is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of melanoma.
CRISPR-cas9 Screening Identified Lethal Genes Enriched in Hippo Kinase Pathway and of Prognosis Significance in primary Low-grade Glioma
Authors: Mijiti Maimaitili , Maimaiti Aierpati , Chen Xiaoqing , Tuersun Maidina , Zhu Guohua , Wu Hao , Li Yandong , Turhon Mirzat , Abulaiti Aimitaji , Maimaitiaili Nuerailijiang , Yiming Nadire , Kasimu Maimaitijiang , Wang Yongxin
Published: October 2022

Background
Lethal genes in low-grade gliomas (LGGs) may have an essential prognostic significance and therefore need to be systematically analyzed. The purpose of this study is to analyze essential genes correlated with cell survival by evaluating CRISPR-cas9 screening data, leading to the identification of novel treatment targets for patients.
Methods
In this study, genes related to cell viability from the Depmap CRISPR-cas9 screen were intersected to differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between tumor and GTEx normal tissues from TCGA. The LASSO regression method was used to construct a signature that used to anticipate overall survival in patients with LGG. An evaluation of the signature was carried out using both multivariate and univariate Cox regression. Then, we determined which key pathways were modulated by this signature by comparing DEGs between low- and high-risk patients. WGCNA was conducted to identify modules associated with high-risk. In this study, we also performed enrichment analysis to identify pathways mediated by DEGs, overlapping genes, and genes shared in the WGCNA. Finally, we used to western blot, qRT-PCR and IHC to detect the expression of hub genes.
Results
Using the TCGA database, 145 oncogenes were identified as overexpressed. These genes were intersected with lethal genes identified in the Depmap database, which are enriched in Hippo pathways. A total of 19 genes were used to construct the gene signature by means of LASSO regression. The median risk score (0.752324) was employed to distinguish between low- and high-risk patients. The patients with high-risk characteristics showed a shorter OS duration in the internal training, the internal validation, and the external validation datasets. Ultimately, the Hippo signaling pathway was the predominantly enriched pathway in 145 genes, DEGs, and 3 modular genes in WGCNA. Finally, we found differences of hub genes expression in different clinical samples. Importantly, protein and mRNA expression of REP65 was significantly up-regulated in tumor cells both in the public cohort and our cohort.
Conclusion
The hippo signaling pathway detected based on CRISPR-cas9 screening is a critical regulator of viability and tumor proliferation and therefore is an innovative new target for treating cancerous brain tumors, including LGG.
Learning heterogeneous delays in a layer of spiking neurons for fast motion detection
Authors: Grimaldi Antoine , Perrinet Laurent
Published: October 2022

The response of a biological neuron depends on the precise timing of afferent spikes. This temporal aspect of the neuronal code is essential in understanding information processing in neurobiology and applies particularly well to the output of neuromorphic hardware such as event-based cameras. However, most artificial neuronal models do not take advantage of this minute temporal dimension. Inspired by this neuroscientific observation, we develop a model for the efficient detection of temporal spiking motifs based on a layer of neurons with heterogeneous delays which we apply to the computer vision task of motion detection. Indeed, the variety of synaptic delays on the dendritic tree allows to synchronize synaptic inputs as they reach the basal dendritic tree. We show this can be formalized as a time-invariant logistic regression which can be trained using labeled data. We apply this model to solve the specific computer vision problem of motion detection, and demonstrate its application to synthetic naturalistic videos transformed into event streams similar to the output of event-based cameras. In particular, we quantify how the accuracy of the model can vary with the total computational load. This end-to-end event-driven computational brick could help improve the performance of future Spiking Neural Network (SNN) algorithms and their prospective use in neuromorphic chips.
2p25.3 microduplications involving MYT1L: further phenotypic characterization through an assessment of 15 new cases and a literature review
Authors: Bouassida Malek , Egloff Matthieu , Levy Jonathan , Chatron Nicolas , Bernardini Laura , Guyader Gwenael Le , Tabet Anne-Claude , Schluth-Bolard Caroline , Brancati Francesco , Giuffrida Maria , Dard Rodolphe , Clorennec Juliette , Coursimault Juliette , Vialard François , Herve Bérénice
Published: October 2022

Microduplications involving the MYT1L gene have mostly been described in series of patients with isolated schizophrenia. However, few reports have been published, and the phenotype has still not been well characterized. We sought to further characterize the phenotypic spectrum of this condition by describing the clinical features of patients with a pure 2p25.3 microduplication that included all or part of MYT1L. Through a French national collaboration and a literature review, we assessed a large cohort of patients (n = 43) with pure 2p25.3 microduplications identified by chromosomal microarray analysis. For each case, we recorded clinical data, the microduplication size, and the inheritance pattern. The clinical features were variable and included developmental and speech delays (33%), autism spectrum disorder (23%), mild-to-moderate intellectual disability (21%), schizophrenia (21%), or behavioral disorders (16%). Eleven patients did not have an obvious neuropsychiatric disorder. The microduplications ranged from 62.4 kb to 3.8 Mb in size and led to either duplication of all or part of MYT1L. There were seven cases of intragenic duplication. The inheritance pattern was available for 18 patients: the microduplication was inherited in 13 cases, and all but one of the parents had a normal phenotype. Our comprehensive review and expansion of the phenotypic spectrum associated with 2p25.3 microduplications involving MYT1L (previously linked to schizophrenia) should help clinicians to better assess, counsel and manage affected individuals. MYT1L microduplications are characterized by a spectrum of neuropsychiatric phenotypes with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity, which are probably due to as-yet unknown genetic and nongenetic modifiers.
Corner milling force prediction and improvement method of aviation thin-walled structural parts
Authors: Chen Zhitao , Yue Caixu , Liu Xianli , Liang Steven Y.
Published: October 2022

Corner is one of the typical characteristics of aerospace monolithic components. In order to achieve a stable processing environment and reduce the mutation of milling force in the process of machining, the manufacturer has been searching a method to control the milling force of corner machining. Based on the cutting contact relationship and the instantaneous chip thickness, the milling force prediction model of corner machining is established. By analyzing different types of corner contact relationship, the influence of cutting contact angle and cutting arc length on milling force is established. The corner feed rate iterative calculation method is used to improve the corner milling force mutation. The corner milling experiment proves that the proposed method can not only effectively control the corner milling force, but also improve the surface quality of the bottom surface of the workpiece. The proposed method is suitable for automatic programming of multi-corner pocket machining and provides theoretical support for stable machining of frame part.
In-Situ Quality Assessment and Control in Additive Manufacturing Processes Using Laser Surface Profilometer and Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: Akhavan Javid , Lyu Jiaqi , Manoochehri Souran
Published: October 2022

Additive Manufacturing (AM) has become one of the most popular manufacturing techniques in various fields. Their layer-by-layer printing process allows an easier fabrication of complex geometries. However, the quality and accuracy of fabricated artifacts in these techniques have low repeatability. In the era of Industry 4.0 by using the emerging sensory and data processing capabilities such as Laser Surface Profilometer (LSP) and Deep Learning (DL), it is possible to improve the repeatability and quality of AM processes. This work presents an in-situ quality assessment and improvement using LSP for data acquisition and DL for data processing and decision making. The utilized LSP module generates a point cloud dataset containing information about the top surface geometry and quality. Once the point cloud data is preprocessed, an improved deep Hybrid Convolutional Auto-Encoder decoder (HCAE) model is used to perform the artifact's quality measurement and statistical representation. The HCAE model's statistical representation is comprised of 9*9 segments, each including four channels with the segment's probability to contain one of four labels, 1) Under-printed region, 2) Normally printed region, 3) Over-printed region, 4) Empty region. This data structure plays a significant role in determining the commands needed to optimize the fabrication process. The implemented HCAE model's accuracy and repeatability were measured by a multi-label multi-output metric developed in this study. The assessments made by HCAE are then used to perform an in-situ process adjustment by manipulating the future layer's fabrication through the G-code modification. By adjusting the machine's print speed and feedrate, the control algorithm exploits the next layer deposition, segment by segment. The algorithm is then tested with two manually defected settings, one part with severe under extrusion and one with over extrusion parameters. Both test artifacts' quality advanced significantly and converged to an acceptable state by four iterations.
Son's contribution to mother's fitness can overcome the twofold cost of sex
Authors: Yasui Yukio , Hasegawa Eisuke
Published: October 2022

Sexual reproduction requires mating partners and transmits only half of their genomes to an offspring1,2. However, because the sex-controlling allele is fixed at the origin of gametic sex, where each gamete provided half amount of necessary resource (isogamy), the genome dilution cost disappears3. In the traditional view1,2, derivative anisogamy (bipolarization into egg and sperm) must have half the population growth rate of asexual thelytoky because males laying no eggs are not included in population size1,2. The present dominance of anisogamy despite this "twofold cost of male production" is the greatest enigma in evolutionary biology1,2,4-6. Sex has various advantages6-27, but none overcome this cost22. Why can anisogamy become dominant? Here, we show that a son's mating with multiple females contributes to his mother's fitness. Although only females contribute egg resources in anisogamy, at the lineage level, males from a particular lineage parasitize the egg resources of the other lineages, and their own lineage's eggs are fertilized by sperm from the other lineages. Considering it reciprocal altruism between lineages, anisogamy can offset male-production costs by yielding more grandchildren than thelytoky. Our simulations prove that anisogamy is evolutionarily stable against isogamy and thelytoky. The significance of males, a question since Aristotle's time, is clearly answered.
Effects of various disaccharide adaptations on recombinant IgA1 production in CHO-K1 suspension cells
Authors: Choa John Benson Dy , Sasaki Tadahiro , Kajiura Hiroyuki , Ikuta Kazuyoshi , Fujiyama Kazuhito , Misaki Ryo
Published: October 2022

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) has been showing potential as a new therapeutic antibody. However, recombinant IgA suffers from low yield. Supplementation of the medium is an effective approach to improving the production and quality of recombinant proteins. In this study, we adapted IgA1-producing CHO-K1 suspension cells to a high concentration (150 mM) of different disaccharides, namely sucrose, maltose, lactose, and trehalose, to improve the production and quality of recombinant IgA1. The disaccharide-adapted cell lines had slower cell growth rates, but their cell viability was extended compared to the nonadapted IgA1-producing cell line. Glucose consumption was exhausted in all cell lines except for the maltose-adapted one, which still contained glucose even after the 9th day of culturing. Lactate production was higher among the disaccharide-adapted cell lines. The specific productivity of the maltose-adapted IgA1-producing line was 4-fold that of the nonadapted line. In addition, this specific productivity was higher than in previous productions of recombinant IgA1 with a lambda chain. Lastly, secreted IgA1 aggregated in all cell lines, which may have been caused by self-aggregation. These results suggest that a high concentration of disaccharide-supplemented induced hyperosmolarity in the IgA1-producing CHO-K1 cell lines. In addition, the maltose-adapted CHO-K1 cell line benefited from having an additional source of carbohydrate.
Estrogen-related genes identified as novel prognostic indicators in papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Zeng Yu , Ma Weike , Li Lijuan , Zhuang Gaojian , Luo Guoqing , Zhou Hong , Hao Weijing , Liu Yu , Guo Fengli , Tian Mengran , Ruan Xianhui , Gao Ming , Zheng Xiangqian
Published: October 2022

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in female, and estrogen can affect its progression. However, the targets and mechanisms of estrogen action in PTC remain unclear. Therefore, this study focuses on the relationship between estrogen-related genes (ERGs) expression and prognosis in PTC, particularly neuropeptide U (NMU), and its important role in the development of PTC. We first downloaded expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases for PTC and normal tissue and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were predominantly enriched for ERGs. Then, we identified ERGs that contributed most to PTC prognosis based on univariate Cox regression and Lasso Cox analysis. We filtered out Transducer of ERBB2 1 (TOB1), trefoil factor 1 (TFF1), phospholipase A and acyltransferase 3 (PLAAT3), NMU, kinesin family member 20A (KIF20A), DNA topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A), tetraspanin 13 (TSPAN13), and carboxypeptidase E (CPE). In addition, we explored the effect of NMU on the proliferation of PTC cells by in vitro experiments, confirmed high NMU expression in PTC and showed that the proliferative capacity of PTC cells was significantly reduced with NMU knockdown. Moreover, the phosphorylation levels of the Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) signaling pathway were significantly lower with NMU knockdown. These results suggest that ERGs, especially NMU, may be novel prognostic indicators in PTC.
Time-course of heart rate variability after total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Frandsen Mikkel Nicklas , Varnum Claus , Foss Nicolai Bang , Mehlsen Jesper , Kehlet Henrik
Published: October 2022

Purpose
Heart rate variability (HRV) is a measure of the autonomic nervous system function and possibly related to postoperative outcome. Despite several HRV studies in different surgical settings, optimal indices and timepoints for measuring have not been adequately determined. Consequently, there is a need for detailed descriptive procedure-specific studies on the time-course of perioperative HRV within a modern fast-track surgical setting.
Method
We measured HRV continuously in 24 patients from 4 days before until 9 days after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Patients completed the Orthostatic Discriminant and Severity Scale five times during the study, to describe the patient burden potentially related to autonomic nervous system dysfunction.
Results
Standard deviation between normal-to-normal beats and the total power of HRV were reduced for at least nine days following THA, with a trend towards increased HRV leading up to the day of surgery. The balance between low- and high-frequency power of HRV was reduced in the postoperative evenings. There was increased orthostatic intolerance symptom burden on the first day after surgery, with symptoms of pain, fatigue, and weakness reduced in the postsurgical period. Median hospital stay was 1 day.
Conclusion
We provide the first detailed description of perioperative time-course of HRV and orthostatic symptoms in fast-track THA, showing reduced HRV after surgery for at least a week, and that HRV changes are sensitive to time of day and timing before and after surgery. These results are helpful in designing future HRV studies in perioperative risk assessment and outcome.
Reported reasons for non-use of insecticide-treated nets in large national household surveys, 2009-2020
Authors: Koenker Hannah , Kumoji E. Kuor , Erskine Marcy , Opoku Robert , Sternberg Eleanore , Taylor Cameron
Published: October 2022

Insecticide-treated nets (ITN) are the cornerstone of modern malaria vector control, with nearly 3 billion ITNs delivered to households in endemic areas since 2000. ITN access, i.e. availability within the household, based on the number of ITNs and number of household members, is a pre-requisite for ITN use. Factors determining ITN use are frequently examined in published literature, but to date, large household survey data on reasons given for non-use of nets have not been explored. A total of 156 DHS, MIS, and MICS surveys since 2003 were reviewed for questions on reasons why nets were not used the previous night, identifying twenty-four surveys. The percent of nets that were reported used the previous night was calculated for 156 surveys, and frequencies and proportions of reasons for non-use were calculated within the twenty-four surveys. Results were stratified by household supply of ITNs in three categories (not enough”, “enough”, and “more than enough”). The percent of nets used the previous night averaged 70.4% across the 156 surveys conducted since 2003. Reported reasons for non-use of ITNs were primarily nets being extra or being saved for later, followed by low perceived risk of malaria (no mosquitoes/no malaria). The least frequent categories cited as reasons for nets not being used were “net attributes” (size, shape, color, etc) and “fears”. In Senegal’s continuous DHS, the proportions of nets used peaked during high transmission season, while “no/few mosquitoes” responses peaked during the dry season. The proportion of nets used the previous night averaged over 70% from 2003–2020, with no discernible change over this period. Reported reasons for why a net goes unused fell largely into three categories - nets that are extra/being saved for future use; the perception that there is little risk of malaria (particularly in dry season); and “other” responses. Net attributes such as color, size, shape, and texture, and fears related to chemicals were the least frequent reasons given. Classifying reasons for non-use into broader categories facilitates the design of appropriate social and behaviour change interventions to address the major underlying reasons for non-use, where this is feasible.
Highly crystalline metal oxide semiconductor electron transport bilayers to improve the interface between the electron transport and active layer in planar perovskite solar cells
Authors: Lachore Wegene Lema , Andoshe Dinsefa Mensur , Mekonnen Mulualem Abebe , Tegegne Newayemedhin A. , Hone Fekadu Gashaw
Published: October 2022

In this study, we investigate the influence of a bilayer electron transport included of ZnO/SnO2, ZnO/WO3, and SnO2/WO3 on the interface between electron transport layers (ETLs) and perovskite layers to reduce energy loss in planar perovskite solar cells (P-PSCs). The structural, optical, and electrical properties, as well as the surface morphology, of perovskite thin film on different ETLs were investigated systematically by various characterization techniques. Impedance analysis of charge dynamics with PSC and without on metal oxide (MOs) were also studies. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) study confirmed that the prepared sample had a tetragonal rutile crystal structure for perovskite thin film on different ETLs. UV-visible spectra analysis revealed that perovskite thin films on various ETLs almost identical absorption onset at 752 nm were observed. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra study revealed that perovskite thin film on various ETLs an emissive band peaked at around 781 nm. The emission of the perovskite was quenched by 35.8%, for ZnO/MAPbI3 to 72.8% for ZnO/WO3/MAPbI3 to respectively. I–V studies confirmed that the prepared bilayer and singly layer had a good ohmic contact behavior and the resistivity decreased significantly from 128.87 Ω for WO3 to 112.49 Ω for ZnO/WO3 thin film respectively. These results revealed bilayer electron transport is more charge transfer property and charge collection, also there by suppressing trap-assisted recombination at the P-PSC interface. The overall results suggest that the bilayer of electron transport layers provides an efficient approach for improving the interface and fabricating efficient planar perovskite solar cells.
Holographic ultraviolet nanosecond laser processing using adaptive optics
Authors: Hasegawa Satoshi , Kato Mizuki , Hayasaki Yoshio
Published: October 2022

Fabrication of a through hole in a polyimide film was demonstrated by holographic ultraviolet (UV) nanosecond laser processing with a computer-generated hologram displayed on a phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM). The UV laser was directly modulated into a Bessel beam by a diffractive axicon displayed on the SLM. The direct modulation contributed to improved light-utilization efficiency of the UV laser and a simplified optical setup compared to the conventional method based on a combination of an SLM and harmonic generation using a nonlinear optical crystal. Furthermore, adaptive optics was implemented in holographic laser processing to compensate for aberrations in the optical setup. The proposed method is suitable for improving the throughput and accuracy of drilling, cutting, and additive manufacturing using UV lasers with industrial requirements.
Characteristics, treatment and outcome of patients with bowel perforation after immune checkpoint inhibitor exposure
Authors: Machado Antonio Pizuorno , Shatila Malek , Liu Cynthia , Lu Yang , Altan Mehmet , Oliva Isabella Glitza , Zhao Dan , Zhang Hao Chi , Thomas Anusha , Wang Yinghong
Published: October 2022

Purpose: Exposure to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can predispose to immune-related adverse events (irAEs) involving the gastrointestinal tract. The association between ICIs and bowel perforation has not been well studied. We aimed to describe the clinical course, complications, treatment and outcomes of patients experiencing bowel perforation during or after ICI treatment.
Methods: This retrospective, single-center study included adult cancer patients with bowel perforation that occurred between the first dose of ICI treatment and up to 1 years thereafter between 1/1/2010 and 4/30/2021. Patients’ clinical course, imaging, treatment and outcomes related to bowel perforation were collected and analyzed.
Results: Of the 13,991 patients who received ICIs during the study period, 90 (0.6%) met the inclusion criteria. A majority were male (54.4%), the most common cancer type was melanoma (23.3%), and most patients had received PD-1/L1 inhibitor treatment (58.8%). Onset of perforation occurred after a median of 4 ICI treatment cycles. The most common symptom was abdominal pain (95.5%). The colon was the most common location for the perforation (37.7%). Evidence of diverticulitis, enterocolitis, or appendicitis was seen in 32 (35.6%) patients, and 6 (6.6%) patients had luminal cancer involvement at the time of perforation. The overall hospitalization rate related to perforation was 95.5%, with mortality of 15.5% during the same admission. Antibiotics were given in 95% of our sample; 37.8% of patients also required surgical/interventional radiology intervention. Forty-six patients (51.1%) had perforation-related complications (e.g. sepsis, fistula, abscess), which were associated with a higher mortality rate (30%).
Conclusion: Our findings suggest a low incidence of bowel perforation after ICI treatment (0.6%), with 40% of patients having coexisting bowel inflammation as a potential contributing factor. Patients with bowel perforation had an aggressive disease course and high rates of hospitalization, complications and mortality. Early recognition and prompt intervention is critical to improve patient outcomes. Future studies are warranted to further investigate the cause, predictive markers and optimal treatment for this patient population.
Study of tensile mechanical properties of granite after repeated action of high temperature-water cooling
Authors: Zhu Dong , Fan Yuqing , Miao Leigang , Jin Huiwu , Jing Hongwen , Liu Xiaofei
Published: October 2022

In order to investigate the effects of repeated impacts of high temperature-water cooling on the tensile mechanical properties of granite, Brazilian splitting tests were conducted on granite disc specimens after repeatedly experiencing high temperature-water cooling treatment from 250 to 650°C. The load-displacement curves, tensile strength and average stiffness of the specimens were investigated in relation to the temperature and the number of hot and cold impacts, and the crack evolution characteristics of granite specimens after repeated impacts of high temperature-water cooling were investigated. The test results showed that the post-peak brittleness of granite specimens weakened and plasticity increased with the increase of temperature and the number of impact effects, and the tensile strength and average stiffness showed an overall decreasing trend. The cracking load of the specimen showed an overall decreasing trend, the cracking part was transformed from two ends to the middle position, the main crack was transformed from linear to curved and wavy, and the main crack opening gradually increased, the number of secondary cracks gradually increased, and the fracture was transformed from smooth surface to granular scattered structural surface.
miRNA profiling of developing rat retina in the first three postnatal weeks
Authors: Urbán Péter , Pöstyéni Etelka , Czuni Lilla , Herczeg Róbert , Fekete Csaba , Gábriel Róbert , Kovács-Valasek Andrea
Published: October 2022

The morphogenesis of the mammalian retina depends on the precise control of gene expression during development. Small non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs play profound roles in various physiological and pathological processes via their regulation of gene expression. A systematic analysis of the expression profile of small non-coding RNAs in developing Wistar rat retinal tissues was executed using IonTorrent PGM next-generation sequencing technique in order to reveal the crucial players in the early postnatal retinogenesis. Our analysis reveals extensive regulatory potential of microRNAs during retinal development. We found a group of microRNAs that show constant high abundance (rno-mir-19, rno-mir-101; rno-mir-181, rno-mir-183, rno-mir-124 and let-7) during the development process. Others are present only in the early stages (such as rno-mir-20a, rno-mir-206, rno-mir-133, rno-mir-466, rno-mir-1247, rno-mir-3582), or at later stages (rno-mir-29, rno-mir-96, rno-mir-125, rno-mir-344 or rno-mir-664). Further 37 miRNAs were detected which are differentially expressed on consecutive time-points with FDR < 0.05. Eight miRNAs changed significantly by more than 2-fold between time-points. Finally, pathway enrichment analysis has revealed 850 predicted target genes that mainly participate in lipid-, amino acid- and glycan metabolisms. P5-P7 transition revealed the importance of glutamatergic synapse and gap junction KEGG pathways. In these pathways, among significantly down-regulated miRNAs rno-mir-30c1 and 2, rno-mir-205 and rno-mir-503 were detected to target Prkx (ENSRNOG00000003696), Adcy6 (ENSRNOG00000011587), Gnai3 (ENSRNOG00000019465) and Gja1 (ENSRNOG00000000805) genes. The dataset described here will be a valuable resource for clarifying new regulatory mechanisms for retinal development and will greatly contribute to our understanding of the divergence and function of microRNAs.
RETRACTED: An Exploratory Approach for Real-Time Blood Glucose Monitoring Using Non-Invasive Sensors for Reducing Impact of Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Abubeker K M , baskar S
Published: October 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
DEIGASe: Deep Extraction and Information Gain for an Optimal Anomaly Detection in IoT-based Smart Cities
Authors: Hazman Chaimae , azidine Guezzaz , Benkirane Said , Azrour Mourade
Published: October 2022

A smart city architecture involves the integration of information and communication technology with gadgets across a system in order to boost connectivity for residents. As a result of ongoing data collection to improve service to customers. With the availability of multiple devices and remote flow through channels, the probability of cyber-attacks and intrusion detection has increased. As a consequence, numerous solutions for securing IoT have been implemented, including authentication, availability, encryption, and data integrity. Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) are an effective cyber solution that could be expanded by utilizing machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DP) techniques. This study presents an enhanced IDS that makes use of This study provides an optimal anomaly detection model, called DEIGASe which combines deep extraction based on the stacked autoencoder and feature selection utilizing Information gain (IG) and Genetic algorithms (GA) for select best features. The proposed model was evaluated on the upgraded IoT-23, BoT-IoT, and Edge-IIoT datasets using the GPU. When compared to existing IDS, our approach provides good ACC, recall, and precision rating performance features, with over 99.9% on record detection and calculation times around 17s for learning and 0.613s for detection.
Molecule stapling-assisted high-quality CsPbI2Br films for efficient and stable photovoltaic modules
Authors: Chen Ruihao , Du Jieru , Zheng Xuan , Li Feiming , Guo Pengfei , Liu Zhe , Wang Hongqiang
Published: October 2022

CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are sutiable bandgap for the fabrication of tandem solar cells as well as excellent thermal stability. However, their halide phase seperation and water instability lead to challenges for practical industrialization. Here, a molecule stapling strategy is demonstrated to assist/stabilize the high-quality large-area CsPbI2Br film by using a series of cesium perfluorodioate salts. According to the density functional theory and experimental attempt hexafluoroglutarate anion possessed more stronger interaction between chelated oxyen and surface Pb2+ ion due to the matchable stapling configuration, which effectively improved moisture tolerance and reduced defects and further improved phase stability of the CsPbI2Br films. In the prepared high-quality Cs-HFG films, the fabricated PSCs achieved 16.4% efficiency in lab scale. And the devices displayed high stability, retained ~91% of the initial efficiency for more than 1000 h under 85 oC and N2 condition, and ~90% for 2000 h at the relative humidity of 20% without encapsulation. More importantly, the developed strategy can be employed for the production of large-area perovskite solar modules. A mini module device with an efficiency up to 12.4% in a large area of 16 cm2 was successfully fabricated.
Risk Factors of Dyspepsia Development during Anti-tuberculosis Chemotherapy in Children
Authors: Bryukhacheva E. O. , Kholodov A. A. , Ivanov V. I. , Kazul G. A. , Pyanzova T. V.
Published: October 2022

The objective: to identify factors influencing the development of dyspepsia in children during treatment with anti-tuberculosis drugs.

Results: out of 243 children during chemotherapy, 22.6% developed dyspepsia as an adverse reaction. Risk factors significantly associated with the development of dyspepsia were as follows: formula feeding at birth, comorbidities of the gastrointestinal tract, decreased total protein and elevated leukocyte counts by the admission to hospital, tuberculosis treatment as per regimens IV or V, and inclusion of protionamide or para-aminosalicylic acid to the regimen. Based on the method of logistic regression, the following has been developed: the method to predict the risk of developing dyspepsia during anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy in children with a sensitivity of 93%; the PC software to calculate such a risk.
Book review: The Palgrave Handbook of Magical Realism in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: David H. J. Neo
Published: October 2022

Edited by Richard Perez and Victoria A. Chevalier. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham (Switzerland), 2020. xxi + 650 pp.
Magical realism has a chequered history with beginnings in Europe. Magischer Realismus or “magic realism” was coined by German art critic, Franz Roh, in 1923 to describe certain metaphysical elements that he saw in paintings. However, the term did not gain currency—Neue Sachlichkeit (New Objectivity) and eventually Post-Expressionism became more accepted terms (Crockett 1999, 148–155). Magical realism found its way into literature when Massimo Bontempelli (1878–1960), an Italian writer and critic, first applied the term to literature in 1926 (Walter 1993, 13). But it only gained popularity in the 1950s and 1960s when it was used to describe the “boom” literary phenomenon of Latin American fiction. And it was in Latin America that this aesthetic category developed as a form of postcolonial resistance and discourse. However, this malleable and contentious term is difficult to define. Some critics have even said it defies definition; yet there is a tacit understanding of the term. At the basic level, magical realism deals with the real and irreal in quotidian or everyday life and does not dichotomise the two. Amaryll Beatrice Chanady’s Magical Realism and the Fantastic: Resolved Versus Unresolved Antinomy (1985) demonstrates the blending of the real and irreal in Latin American fiction and differentiates magical realism from the fantastic, arguing that the fantastic create antinomies of the real and irreal. However, the European strand of magical realism (especially with Eastern Europe) is more complex and with its influence of Freud and Surrealism, challenges Chanady’s ideas.