bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Closure Statistics in Interferometric Data
Authors: Blackburn Lindy , Pesce Dominic W. , Johnson Michael D. , Wielgus Maciek , Chael Andrew A. , Christian Pierre , Doeleman Sheperd S.
Published: May 2020

Interferometric visibilities, reflecting the complex correlations between signals recorded at antennas in an interferometric array, carry information about the angular structure of a distant source. While unknown antenna gains in both amplitude and phase can prevent direct interpretation of these measurements, certain combinations of visibilities called closure phases and closure amplitudes are independent of antenna gains and provide a convenient set of robust observables. However, these closure quantities have subtle noise properties and are generally both linearly and statistically dependent. These complications have obstructed the proper use of closure quantities in interferometric analysis, and they have obscured the relationship between analysis with closure quantities and other analysis techniques such as self calibration. We review the statistics of closure quantities, noting common pitfalls that arise when approaching low signal to noise due to the nonlinear propagation of statistical errors. We then develop a strategy for isolating and fitting to the independent degrees of freedom captured by the closure quantities through explicit construction of linearly independent sets of quantities along with their noise covariance in the Gaussian limit, valid for moderate signal to noise, and we demonstrate that model fits have biased posteriors when this covariance is ignored. Finally, we introduce a unified procedure for fitting to both closure information and partially calibrated visibilities, and we demonstrate both analytically and numerically the direct equivalence of inference based on closure quantities to that based on self calibration of complex visibilities with unconstrained antenna gains.
Constraining Black Hole Populations in Globular Clusters Using Microlensing: Application to Omega Centauri
Authors: Zaris John , Veske Doğa , Samsing Johan , Márka Zsuzsa , Bartos Imre , Márka Szabolcs
Published: May 2020

We estimate the rate of gravitational microlensing events of cluster stars due to black holes (BHs) in the globular cluster NGC 5139 (ωCen). Theory and observations both indicate that ωCen may contain thousands of BHs, but their mass spectrum and exact distribution are not well constrained. In this Letter we show that one may observe microlensing events on a timescale of years in ωCen, and such an event sample can be used to infer the BH distribution. Direct detection of BHs will, in the near future, play a major role in distinguishing binary BH merger channels. Here we explore how gravitational microlensing can be used to put constraints on BH populations in globular clusters.
The Relation of Gene Polymorphism Interferon Gamma+874 A/T and Schizophrenia Occurred in Batak Ethnicity
Authors: Damanik Roslinda , Effendy Elmeida , Husada M. Surya
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND: Massive heritability occurs in schizophrenia. Gene identification which is defenceless against this disorder is difficult to be proven. The potential aspect of gen vulnerability in developing schizophrenic symptoms, for instance, is shown by several complex gene of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and IL-10.
AIMS: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship of gene polymorphism of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) +874 A/T and schizophrenia symptoms to Batak’s schizophrenic patients.
METHODS: This study is a case–control study involved with 248 subjects from Prof. M. Ildrem Medan Hospital. The subjects were divided into two groups, the first group (124 subjects) was recruited as the case group, while the other 124 subjects were grouped as control cases with ages of 20–55 years of old. The case study group was hospitalized patients in the hospital, while the control group is those donors in the blood transfusion unit at Pirngadi General Hospital, Medan, Indonesia. IFN-γ +874 A/T gene polymorphism was examined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method.
RESULTS: Genotype AT frequencies from gen IFN-γ +874 A/T were found higher in case study than those from control groups, which were accounted for 43.5% and 41.1%, respectively, with p = 0.005, odds ratio (OR) = 2.83 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.36–5.86. The allele T was displayed higher in case group compared to control groups contributed for 46.0% and 33.5%, respectively, with p = 0.006, OR = 0.59 95% (CI) 0.41–0.85, (p = 0.006).
CONCLUSIONS: There was a relationship between gen IFN-γ +874 A/T and schizophrenia on Batak ethnicity with schizophrenic disorder. The genotype AT contributes for increasing schizoprenic risk up to 2.83 times.
The Potency of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn. Leaves Ethanol Extract as Hair Growth
Authors: Putra Imam Budi , Jusuf Nelva K , Sumantri Imam Bagus
Published: May 2020

INTRODUCTION: Hair is one of the organs and crowns for all people. Hair loss will really bother for most people. One of the plants that can be used as hair growth is Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to find the potency of H. rosa-sinensis leaves ethanol extracts as hair growth.
METHODS: In this research, simplicia and extracts were made from hibiscus leaves using ethanol as a solvent. Simplicia and extracts were tested for phytochemical screening and characterization of each. The extract obtained was tested in vivo with animals test by observing mouse’s hair growth for 25 days of observation.
RESULTS: Simplicia and ethanol extract of Hibiscus leaves contain flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, and steroids/terpenoids. The characteristics of Hibiscus leaves simplicia and extract had water content (9.71% vs. 10.65%), water-soluble extract content (19.91% vs. 27.58%), ethanol-soluble extract content (37.86% vs. 49.51%), total ash content (7.96% vs. 9.46%), and acid-insoluble ash content (0.78% vs. 1.28%). In vivo testing with animals, ethanol extract of Hibiscus leaves had an effect as a hair growth until the 25th day with an average concentration of 2.5% (14 mm), 5% (16 mm), and 10% (19 mm).
DISCUSSION: The extract of Hibiscus leaves that showed the presence of carbohydrate, alkaloid, flavonoid, steroids, protein, tannin, and amino acids. The presence of active constituents such as flavonoids and tannins may be responsible for hair growth activity.
CONCLUSION: The ethanol extracts of H. rosa-sinensis leaves can increase hair growth, at optimum concentrations of 10% extract.
On Capital's Watch: Derivative Ecology and the Temporal Logic of Biodiversity Credits
Authors: Bowsher Josh , Reeves-Evison Theo
Published: May 2020

How is it possible to profit from protecting the environment, rather than through deepening its terminal crisis? In recent years, a growing group of investors, economists and governments have answered this question with a range of market-based instruments designed to facilitate the
commodification and trade of everything from carbon to wetlands. A popular approach has been to establish ecological credit schemes that allow businesses to destroy a discrete ecosystem in return for the restoration of an ecological site elsewhere. Numerous scholars have already emphasised
the questionable spatial politics inherent to such initiatives. Focusing on the UK's emergent biodiversity credit policy regime, this article, by contrast, considers what effect credit schemes have on the temporal dynamics of the ecosystems they capture. Drawing on discussions of financialisation
in the social sciences, we show how biodiversity credits rearticulate ecosystems as units of 'derivative ecology', which makes the future of these ecosystems actionable in the present, at the same time as it restricts their capacity to adapt to anthropogenic climate change. When discussed
alongside recent currents in ecological theory that emphasise novelty, futurity and resilience through change, the gap widens between ecological and financial approaches to restoration. Consequently, we argue that market-based instruments such as biodiversity credits are constitutively unable
to embrace the futurity of ecology on its own terms, because they have their own temporal logic that cannot help but petrify their bearers of value.
What is This 'Black 'in Black Studies? From Black British Cultural Studies to Black Critical Thought in UK Arts and Higher Education
Authors: Brar Dhanveer Singh , Sharma Ashwani
Published: May 2020

The aim of this article is two-fold. Firstly, it identifies and maps out a new presence in race discourse in the UK arts and higher education, under the heading of 'US Black Critical Thought'. Secondly, it seeks to situate 'US Black Critical Thought' and its growing impact upon intellectual
and aesthetic discourses on race in the UK through the lens of the longer-term project of 'Black British Cultural Studies'. The article traces the formation and eventual dissolving of 'Black British Cultural Studies' from the early 1980s to the late 1990s, and suggests that 'US Black Critical
Thought' has energised a cohort of younger thinkers and artists in Britain, following a period where the intellectual left side-lined race as a serious category of theoretical or critical analysis.
Ocular Manifestations in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Connective Tissue Disease, and Vasculitis: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis
Authors: Turk Matthew A. , Hayworth Jacqueline L. , Nevskaya Tatiana , Pope Janet E.
Published: May 2020

Objective.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other rheumatic diseases may present with ocular manifestations.

The purpose of our work was to determine the prevalence and type of eye involvement in RA and other connective tissue diseases through a metaanalysis and literature review.

Methods.

A systematic review of the literature was performed using Medline, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from their inceptions until January 7, 2019. Conjunctivitis, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, xeropthalmia, uveitis, eye hemorrhage, optic neuritis, papilledema, orbital disease, retinal artery/vein occlusion, macular edema, retinitis, chorioretinitis, scleritis, iridocyclitits, choroid hemorrhage, blindness, and amaurosis fugax were searched for prevalence in patients with RA, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), dermatomyositis, polymyositis, systemic sclerosis, Sjögren syndrome (SS), undifferentiated connective tissue disease, giant cell arteritis, granulomatosis polyangiitis (GPA; formerly Wegener granulomatosis), systemic vasculitis, and sarcoidosis.

Results.

There were 3394 studies identified and 65 included. The prevalence of eye involvement was 18% in RA, 26% in GPA, 27% in giant cell arteritis, 27% in sarcoidosis, 31% in SLE, and 35% in APS. The most common manifestation was dry eye syndrome (“dry eye”; keratoconjunctivitis sicca) in most diseases analyzed, with an especially high frequency of 89% in SS. Anterior and posterior uveitis were the most common ocular complications in sarcoidosis, occurring in 16% (95% CI 3–28) and 6% (95% CI 3–9) of patients, respectively.

Conclusion.

Eye involvement is present in approximately one-fifth of patients with RA, and a one-quarter to one-third of patients with connective tissue diseases (other than SS at 89%) and vasculitis.
Are Salivary Gland Ultrasonography Scores Associated with Salivary Flow Rates and Oral Health-related Quality of Life in Sjögren Syndrome?
Authors: Yalcinkaya Yasemin , Mumcu Gonca , Özdemir Filiz Türe , Kuruş Ramazan Esad , Ünal Ali Uğur , Direskeneli Haner , Bruyn George A. , Inanc Nevsun
Published: May 2020

Objective.

Major salivary gland ultrasonography (SGUS) is a widely used imaging technique to evaluate salivary gland involvement in primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between SGUS, salivary flow rate (SFR) as an objective measure of the gland function, and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL) as a patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) in a pSS cohort.

Methods.

Sixty-six patients with pSS were examined by SGUS according to Hocevar and Milic scoring systems. Patients with inhomogeneity/hypoechoic areas with scores ≥ 2 in parotid and submandibular glands were classified separately as “severe glandular involvement.” Further, oral health, SFR, and Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) for OHRQOL were assessed.

Results

Both total Hocevar and Milic scores were higher in 21 pSS patients with low unstimulated whole salivary flow rate (U-WSFR) than 45 pSS patients without low U-WSFR (P = 0.001 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Increased scores of homogeneity, hypoechoic areas and glandular border visibility were observed in patients with low U-WSFR (P < 0.05). Among these variables, homogeneity score was found to be an independent risk factor for low U-WSFR in pSS according to logistic regression analysis (OR 1.586, P = 0.001). Moreover, a higher OHIP-14 score was observed in severe parotid involvement compared to nonsevere cases (23.26 ± 21.19 vs 8.32 ± 13.82, P = 0.004).

Conclusion.

High Milic and Hocevar SGUS scores are associated with reduced SFR and poor OHRQOL as a PROM. The inhomogeneity component of the SGUS score is associated with low U-WSFR and is an indicator of severely affected gland function.
Performance of the ASAS Health Index for the Evaluation of Spondyloarthritis in Daily Practice
Authors: Alonso-Castro Sara , Pardo Estefanía , Charca Lilyan , Pino Marina , Fernández Sabela , Alperi Mercedes , Arboleya Luis , Queiro Rubén
Published: May 2020

Objective

The Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society Health Index (ASAS HI) is a tool designed to assess disease impact in spondyloarthritis (SpA), but its clinical performance is barely known. We aimed to test the clinimetric properties of ASAS HI in a real clinical setting.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 111 consecutive patients with SpA. The measurement properties of ASAS HI were tested against conventional assessment measures. Convergent validity was assessed by Spearman rho correlations, while discriminative validity was analyzed through receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves. A multivariate regression analysis was designed to identify ASAS HI items associated with active disease.

Results

The average ASAS HI was 5.4 ± 3.8 (interquartile range 3–8). ASAS HI showed high convergent validity against other SpA measures (rho ≥ 0.70, p < 0.0005). The optimal criteria for detecting high/very high disease activity Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) categories was an ASAS HI score > 6, area under the ROC curve 0.86 (95% CI 0.78–0.92), positive likelihood ratio 7.3 (95% CI 3.1–17.1), p < 0.0001. The ASAS HI items significantly associated with Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index active disease were “I often get frustrated” (OR 9.2, 95% CI 1.2–69.4, p = 0.032), and “I sleep badly at night” (OR 7.7, 95% CI 1.4–41.6, p = 0.018). As for ASDAS, it was “pain sometimes disrupts my normal activities” (OR 8.7, 95% CI 1.7–45.2, p = 0.010).

Conclusion

The ASAS HI is a useful and simple instrument for its application in daily practice. Given its good clinimetric properties, it could be used as an additional instrument to evaluate SpA.
Phenylalanine Is a Novel Marker for Radiographic Knee Osteoarthritis Progression: The MOST Study
Authors: Zhai Guangju , Sun Xianbang , Randell Edward W. , Liu Ming , Wang Na , Tolstykh Irina , Rahman Proton , Torner James , Lewis Cora E. , Nevitt Michael C. , Guermazi Ali , Roemer Frank , Felson David T.
Published: May 2020

Objective.

To identify plasma markers associated with an increased risk of radiographic knee osteoarthritis

(OA) progression using a metabolomics approach.

Methods.

Study participants were from the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study (MOST) and were categorized into 2 groups based on the presence of baseline radiographic OA. Subjects in group 1 had unilateral knee OA and subjects in group 2 had bilateral knee OA. Progression was defined as a half-grade or greater worsening in joint space width at 30-month follow-up. For group 1, a participant progressed when their OA knee showed radiographic progression and the contralateral knee developed OA; for group 2, a participant progressed when both knees with OA showed radiographic progression. Metabolomic profiling was performed on plasma samples collected at baseline and logistic regression was performed to test the association between each metabolite and knee OA progression after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, and clinic site. Significance was defined as P ≤ 0.0003 in the combined analysis.

Results.

There were 234 progressors (57 in group 1 and 177 in group 2) and 322 nonprogressors (206 in group 1 and 116 in group 2) included in the analyses. Among 157 metabolites studied, we found that odds of progression were 1.46 times higher per SD increase of phenylalanine level (95% CI 1.20–1.77, P = 0.0001) in the combined analysis. Sex-specific analysis showed that an association was seen in women (P = 0.0002) but not in men.

Conclusion.

Our data suggest that phenylalanine might be a novel plasma marker for higher risk of bilateral radiographic knee OA progression in women.
Une expérience de la culture à l’adolescence : le voyage scolaire
Authors: Maurin Souvignet Aurélie
Published: May 2020

À partir des résultats d’une recherche-action menée entre 2011 et 2013, ayant pour projet et pour titre de « re-connaître collectivement la richesse des voyages scolaires », nous montrerons comment cette pratique très ancienne et relativement systématisée dans les établissements scolaires, sans toutefois être très conceptualisée, ni observée cliniquement, est un pôle important d’innovation pédagogique ainsi qu’un moment de subjectivation, via la rencontre médiatisée de soi et de l’autre. Entre rite et rituel, le voyage sera présenté comme un événement institutionnel, organisationnel, groupal et subjectif qui renouvelle pour l’ensemble des sujets qu’il implique la question du rapport au Savoir et aux savoirs, de l’autre et des autres. À l’heure où la mobilité sous toutes ses acceptions et dans les différents registres de la vie psychique (intra-subjective, intersubjective et trans-subjective) devient un enjeu majeur pour les jeunes générations et par conséquent pour ceux qui les accompagnent, cette première expérience du voyage entre pairs est l’occasion d’un choc de Culture en même temps qu’un choc des cultures. Deux groupes d’adolescents voyageurs, l’un vers le Benin, l’autre vers Grenade, en ce qu’ils ont été profondément transformés par cette expérience, nous permettront de montrer l’écart et la tension entre le « narcissisme des petites différences » (Freud, 1929) qui mobilisait les adolescents avant leur départ et la rencontre avec l’altérité qu’ils n’ont cessé de décrire pour mieux la métaboliser après leur retour.
Nursing Students' Perceptions of Clinical Experience
Authors: Windsor Ann
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT

Senior nursing students were interviewed in this study to better understand the clinical learning experience from the students' point of view.

Results of the study revealed that the nursing students were indeed learning in their clinical experience. The major categories of learning were classified as nursing skills, time management, and professional socialization. The quality of learning was reportedly affected by the quality of the student's preparation, characteristics of the instructor, and the variety of clinical opportunities to which students were exposed.

The data also reflected a pattern of student development which was separated into three stages. The first stage was permeated with anxiety and obsession with the rules of task performance. The second stage was a difficult transition period where students stuggled with identifying the roles of nurses. During the final stage, the students become more comfortable with performing nursing tasks and become interested in expanding their role and becoming more independent. As the students strived for independence, they identified more closely with staff nurses and withdrew from instructors.
The rulers ruled
Authors: Woolf Greg
Published: May 2020

This paper considers a series of problems that emerge from conventional uses of the term ‘power’ in discussing the Roman world. Drawing on critiques and reformulations of the concept by social theorists it explores the operation of power in two spheres, first at the centre of the empire where emperors, aristocrats and other courtiers competed for influence, and second in the provinces where identity politics and economic interests intersected in different ways. It argues for conceptualizing power in terms of webs of influence, networks and complexes of relationships and suggests some advantages to such an approach.
The (lost) Arch of Titus: the visibility and prominence of victory in Flavian Rome
Authors: Barron Caroline
Published: May 2020

The Arch of Titus in the Roman Forum has long been held as the definitive illustration of Rome’s conquest of Judaea and the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 CE. The relief decoration of the plundering of the Temple, Titus’s triumphal journey into Rome and his eventual apotheosis have become synonymous with our knowledge of events and the devastation wrought upon the city. However, the inscription from the lost Arch of Titus in the Circus Maximus arguably contributes more to our understanding of how the Flavian dynasty themselves perceived their victory, and how they used it to advertise their military might and establish their rule as the rightful heirs to the Augustan legacy of conquest and dominion. This article considers the lost Arch of Titus and its inscription, and its role in the establishment of the Flavian legacy in Rome. It argues that the text must be read in conjunction with the other triumphal monuments of Vespasian and Titus – the Colosseum, Arch of Titus in the Roman Forum and the Temple of Peace – whose reality, visibility and prominence collectively gave strength to the claim that the lost Arch commemorated: the exceptional nature of the Roman victory in Jerusalem.
Structural weaknesses in Rome’s power?
Authors: Price Jonathan J.
Published: May 2020

Greek historians of the Roman Empire, from Polybius through Appian, admired the breadth and stability of the empire as an unprecedented achievement in human history, and devised innovative historiographical methods to write about it. Each believed that Rome’s eventual fall, if it ever would happen (Polybius explicitly said that it would, Dionysius of Halicarnassus and Appian of Alexandria were more circumspect), would originate from internal causes, not an external threat. Dionysius conveyed this subtly through his treatment of the foundational fratricide of the city. Polybius stated it openly in programmatic statements, but offered little detail or analysis to explain. Appian planted the idea by the very structure and plan of his history, in which five books on the Roman civil wars present an enigma and a theme.
Animalizing the Romans: the use of animal metaphors by ancient authors to criticize Roman power or its agents
Authors: Roux Marie
Published: May 2020

Ancient authors who equated or associated barbarians, pagans and heretics with animals and monstrous creatures shared a common rhetorical aim: to highlight the fact that they lie beyond the bounds of humanity. I propose in this paper to approach animal imagery from a different perspective: to examine the use of animal similes or metaphors to criticize Roman power. While the assimilation of people to wild animals or monstrous beasts often represented a form of moral criticism, in some cases the trope was used to do more than simply denounce vices. Animal imagery could be employed to direct political criticism against Roman power, be it criticism of the emperor, the agents of imperial power in the provinces, or the Roman people as a whole. One aim of this paper is to highlight the evolution of these uses of animal imagery to characterize Rome in the longue durée, specifically, by placing non-Christian and Christian sources into dialogue. Once I have shown that, in most cases, Roman power figures or people were associated with wild animals or monstrous beasts, I will highlight the distinctiveness of the Jewish perspective, that is, the comparison of Rome, in rabbinic sources, to a pig or a boar.
The Mishnah and the limits of Roman power
Authors: Schwartz Seth
Published: May 2020

The Mishnah (c. 200 CE) is without precedent in Jewish literature and without parallel in its historical context. It constitutes a very strong and elaborated form of cultural resistance to Roman rule, however "romanised" the environment in which the work took shape may have been, and however much the text itself is legible as an artifact of the High Imperial East. It is helpful to bring the Mishnah into dialogue with several other textual corpora often described as resistant: the Second Sophistic, early patristic literature, and the long Greek and Demotic papyri probably assembled by High Imperial Theban priests. The texts turn out to have a great deal in common but in some ways the most significant and consequential thing that they share is indication that their authors all exercised a surprising degree of cultural autonomy, though the Mishnah most of all. We are thus warned about the limits of Roman power: with or without state support or approval, in some places local high traditions not simply persisted but developed, in settings otherwise pervaded by Rome’s presence.
Apollo, Christ, and Mithras: Constantine in Gallia Belgica
Authors: Digeser Elizabeth DePalma
Published: May 2020

Since the advent of history as a formal discipline, we have struggled to explain how Constantine I (r. 306-37) could reconcile devotion to the sun god with the veneration of Christ, especially during the first decade of his reign in Britain and Gaul. Rather than trying to reconcile disparate accounts to construct an image of an emperor who fits our categories of "Christian" or "pagan", however, I propose that we should not use these accounts as windows into the emperor’s soul. Instead, we should understand them as appealing to differing constituencies within the emperor’s domain. Overall, the provinces of Britain and Gaul – a de facto separate state in the third century – remained loyal to Constantine for the rest of his reign, even after he left the region for good in 316. His success testifies to the power of these seemingly contradictory portrayals, which continued to circulate in the region well into the Middle Ages and beyond. I argue that the principal pagan and Christian accounts share a vision of the emperor as the divine warrior who slays the beast of darkness – an image also compatible with the cult of Mithras, widely popular in this area. People across the variegated religious topography of the region found this image compelling because it spoke to different traditions in different ways. The deep and wide resonance of this image contributed not only to consolidating Constantine’s position, but also to sustaining its own remarkably long life as the archetype of the "good sovereign".
Personnifications de Rome et du pouvoir romain en Asie Mineure : quelques exemples
Authors: Caponio Emmanuelle Rosso
Published: May 2020

Les Grecs des périodes classique et hellénistique ont créé de nombreuses abstractions à caractère politique dont les cultes et les images ont durablement marqué l’espace civique et la vie religieuse des cités. Cette contribution porte sur les personnifications à caractère politique, nouvelles ou réinterprétées, exprimant le pouvoir romain dans la province d’Asie. Si le culte de Romè revêt un statut particulier, les personnifications d’institutions ou de corps politiques, mais aussi de « bienfaits » associés au pouvoir de Rome sont également fréquentes : leur étude à partir de trois fondations significatives – le Sebasteion d’Aphrodisias, l’arc de Pergè et la fondation de C. Vibius Salutaris à Ephèse – permet de saisir les spécificités du pouvoir romain vues par les communautés civiques des provinces hellénophones et de comprendre l’articulation du pouvoir impérial et du pouvoir local.
UHRF1 Controls Thymocyte Fate Decisions through the Epigenetic Regulation of EGR1 Expression
Authors: Zhang Yiwen , Chen Yingshi , Ma Rong , Jiang Yawen , Liu Jun , Lin Yingtong , Chen Siqi , Xia Mengying , Zou Fan , Zhang Junsong , Pan Ting , Wang Lie , Wei Lai , Zhang Hui
Published: May 2020

Thymocyte differentiation is a highly complex process that is accompanied by epigenetic changes. Ubiquitin-like containing PHD ring finger 1 (UHRF1) is a critical epigenetic modifier involved in various cellular processes. In this study, we demonstrated that it is highly expressed in T cell precursors of the thymus. Further, its deficiency results in significantly reduced thymocyte cellularity and thymus size in mice. Through systematic analysis based on single-cell RNA sequencing, we found that UHRF1 deficiency thwarts αβ T cell lineage development, whereas biasing γδ T lineage differentiation dampens the progression of immature single-positive cells. UHRF1 deficiency promotes the IL-17 secreting and RORγt expression in γδ T cell, indicating a Tγδ17 phenotype. Further, the analysis of gene-regulatory networks demonstrated that UHRF1 controls the expression of early growth response 1 (EGR1). UHRF1 interacts with DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) at the CpG promoter region of Egr1 loci and affects the nearby chromatin modifications of H3K9me3 and H3K4me3. Taken together, our results demonstrate that UHRF1 is a key factor that mediates the epigenetic regulation of EGR1 and, consequently, thymocyte fate decisions.
Good administration through the lens of the CJEU: Direction for the administrative bodies
Authors: Friedery Réka
Published: May 2020

The CJEU has played significant role in forming the principles applicable to administrative law, the provisions of EU treaties not being able to cover all situations. The Court re/defines the general principles of administrative law applicable to the Member States and the paper analyses the way in which these principles have been evolved and implemented.
Judical review of discretionary powers in the activity of historical monuments protection bodies. The experience under the case law of Polish administrative courts
Authors: Parchomiuk Jerzy
Published: May 2020

The sovereign nature of the forms of operation of cultural heritage protection authorities, the polarization between the individual interest and the public interest, discretion margin in the activities of the authorities, all these elements create a kind of “explosive mixture”, which is the source of the legal disputes between the owners of historical monuments and historical monuments protection bodies. The key element of the guarantee of individual freedom is judicial review of public administration. Therefore, it is a matter of dispute to which extent the public administration is subject to judicial review when performing the tasks entrusted. The aim of this article is to analyze how Polish administrative courts approach the problem. What methodology of the review of discretion margin they use? How they solve the dilemma: who makes the final decision – the body or the court? Do they retain the judicial self-restraint or rather they are willing to interfere in the merits of the decision?
A step toward improvement of police performance assessment as subjects of combating financial and economic crimes: Experience of Ukraine and Slovakia
Authors: Andriichenko Nadiia
Published: May 2020

The article is devoted to the study of certain aspects of the police performance assessment in Ukraine and the Slovak Republic as subjects of combating financial and economic crimes. It is determined that the expediency of studying this issue is determined by the high level of financial and economic crimes in Ukraine and the Slovak Republic. It was insisted that the assessment of the police activity in Ukraine and the Slovak Republic is carried out mainly on the basis of quantitative criteria. In view of possible fraud with the statistical data that is the basis of the report of the police authorities of Ukraine and the Slovak Republic, it is proposed to consolidate such a criterion for assessing of the police activity as a level of latent crimes. Among the qualitative criteria for assessing the police activity in Ukraine and the Slovak Republic, public trust has been highlighted, but it was concluded that its definition should be carried out by an independent sociological service. It is grounded that the implementation of these proposals will have a positive impact on the police activity in Ukraine and the Slovak Republic in the area of combating financial and economic offenses.
The detention of children in asylum procedures in Europe: Regulatory framework and alternatives
Authors: Drdúlová Irena , Stehlík Václav
Published: May 2020

The article focuses on the regulation of the detention of children in asylum procedures in Europe with a special focus on EU law. It clarifies the framework of both international and European regulation, relevant case-law of the European Court of Human Rights and EU Court of Justice as well as soft law instruments adopted in this area. The article discusses grounds for detention, the requirements of necessity and proportionality, procedural safeguards as well as the dignity and human conditions in detention. A special attention is paid to the alternatives to detention, including detention of unaccompanied or separated children or families with children. It adds examples of the good practice.
Contractual terms and conditions in the context of the public procurement principles and legal competence of the Public Procurement Office in Slovakia
Authors: Lukáčka Peter , Kubolek Peter
Published: May 2020

This article focuses particularly on identifying the limits of the problematic aspects of the formulation of the contract proposal or contractual terms and conditions as a part of the tender documents in the context of compliance with the principles of non-discrimination, economy and efficiency in public procurement. The authors concentrate on assessing the possibility of carrying out the supervision activities of the Public Procurement Office in reviewing the above mentioned categories of tender documents in order to ensure the fulfillment of the basic principles of public procurement.
Legal status and perspectives of development for land associations in Slovakia
Authors: Máčaj Ľudovít
Published: May 2020

The paper analyses land associations in Slovakia as specific subjects, which are subject to a distinct way of real estate disposal. They are currently regulated by Act No. 97/2013 Coll. on Land Associations as amended (“the Land Associations Act” or “the Act”). For understanding the institutes of this Act, it is necessary to point to the historical circumstances under which these entities emerged. In the first part of this paper, the paper points to this development and then analyses the current legal situation. In the next part, it describes current issues of land associations, focusing on practical circumstances. In the main part, the paper focuses on problems with their functions, their profitability and future development. Finally, in de lege ferenda part, the paper tries to find possible solutions to these problems and the future of land associations.
Changing constitutional identity: Constitutional reform and new concept of human rights in Georgia
Authors: Gegenava Dimitry
Published: May 2020

Constitutional reform of 2017 – 2018 amended the whole text of Georgian basic law, including the 2nd chapter – Basic Human Rights. Many articles and human rights were displaced to other chapters as general principles, some new and postmodern rights were added to the text. These changes are not only ordinary amendments; they make constitutional court and other state organs to realize their duties, and individuals to find new ways of protection of their rights. New constitutional regulation raises new forms and meanings, but this novation includes risks and perils, that should be discussed and analysed not only in the light of national constitutional law, but also in comparative and international context. This article describes main directions of amendments in the chapter on human rights and analyses perspectives, positive and negative aspects of them.
New trends of the civil justice in Hungary
Authors: Harsági Viktória
Published: May 2020

The article provides an overview on the most important innovations of the new Hungarian Code of Civil Procedure. It presents a renewed system of allocation of cases, the split structure of the procedural phases, the modifications in connection of the representation, the new regulation on the illegaly obtained evidence, the solutions for incapacity to prove, the remedies and collective redress. Finally, the manuscript goes on with the question of electronization and try to evaluate the modest practical experience of these innovations so far.
Religion and constitution. Some Hungarian perspectives
Authors: Schanda Balázs
Published: May 2020

Freedom of religion shall be a universally recognized human right. States have developed highly different models with regard to their relations to religious communities. Some kind of neutrality of the state has to be preserved in order to provide due respect to all faiths. Derived from a religious heritage and beyond religious beliefs the cultural identity of peoples gains a rising signifficance. The historically determined identity of nations is expressed various ways including the public endorsement of the legacy shaped by religious communities. Beyond the national level and within their boundaries local communities express identities in various ways.  The Basic Law of Hungary (2011) is characterized by an open commitment to the religious roots of the national culture but maintains the respect for religious freedom and consequently also remains in the framework of religious neutrality.
The Role of digital technologies in the new code of civil procedure
Authors: Suri Noémi
Published: May 2020

In my essay, I will examine the role played by electronic technologies in the new Code of Civil Procedure. My hypothesis is that despite the sensu stricto text of the law, the new law is built around entirely the use of electronic means of contact to be utilized instead of the traditional, paperbased solutions. The essay will on one hand uncover the overarching structure of the legislation, and on the other hand it will analyze and evaluate the substance and remits of the choice of electronic means of contact. Furthermore, it will uncover the special rules governing communication with experts, and administrative and other authorities as well as between courts. Additionally, it will scrutinize the regulations pertaining to actions taken via electronic means of contact.
Rule of law in the 21st century
Authors: Varga András
Published: May 2020

Rule of law is one of the core principles of constitutions and also the essential value of the European Union. Still, rule of law does not have a unanimous understanding either in the academic sphere or in the jurisprudence of the countries. The paper explains some theories on rule of law, then it considers how the doctrine prevails in the praxis of the Venice Commission and in the wording of the Treaty on the European Union. The paper concludes that interpretation of international fora involves the meaning of rule of law in a national level, even though the base of interpretation is unclear.
Public Transport in Karachi: A Study of Relationship between Consumer Perception and Use of Private Vehicles
Authors: Muhammad Ibad
Published: May 2020

The significance of public transport is undeniable which has further increased with the increase in population. With a population of 14.91 million people, public transport available in Karachi is both inadequate and inefficient. The growing number of private cars on road has added to traffic, pollution, and congestion. In order to determine the impact of dissatisfaction towards the quality of public transport on preference towards private vehicles, a survey was distributed among 76 respondents. Evaluation of results partially proved the hypothesis and showed that dissatisfaction towards consistency of transit time, comfortability, and quality are the key determinants of use of private vehicles while dissatisfaction towards fare charges and walking distance to stop was found to have no influence on this preference.
School, ethnicity and nation-building in post-colonial Myanmar
Authors: Bigagli Francesco
Published: May 2020

Drawing on concepts of ethnicity and ethnic nationalism, this paper seeks to analyze the reasons and extent to which school education has been utilized to define the newborn nation. This will be done through an analysis of Myanmar’s political history and, subsequently, through an examination of specific educational policies and practices such as the introduction of a one-language policy,  standardized curriculum and textbooks  and teacher-centered pedagogies that have deliberately been used in the attempt to assimilate rather than integrate Myanmar’s ethnic diversity. The second part of the paper will address the nature and dynamics of decades of identity-based conflicts arguing that the “ethnicization”of the education system in favour of the Bamar majority has not only acted as a catalyst for the perpetuation of violence exacerbating divisions along civil-military lines but has reinforced ethno-linguistic identities through the use of education as a tool of resistance, with critical implications for social cohesion, tolerance for diversity and the overall future of the country.
A Window, Mirror, and Wall: How Educators Use Twitter for Professional Learning
Authors: Sturm Elizabeth , Quaynor Laura
Published: May 2020

Teachers and other professionals increasingly utilize Twitter as a medium for professional expression and professional learning. These types of Twitter exchanges often take place in formal chats which are moderated by professional organizations or other knowledge brokers in the field. As moderated public online forums become more common, educators may wish to understand the benefits and limitations of this type of professional learning. This paper reports on a study of educators’ discourse in two hosted Twitter chats focused on global education and analyzes the ways in which these types of chats align with research on high-quality professional learning. Results indicate that Twitter chats provide multiple components of high-quality professional learning, namely a focus on content, collaboration, and teacher agency; to a lesser extent, they may provide peer coaching and allow for conversations across a sustained duration. However, other components of meaningful professional learning are not possible in this context, as it is not job-embedded and does not provide active learning or supported opportunities to practice.
Re/coding Global Citizenship: How Information and Communication Technologies have Altered Humanity… and Created New Questions for Global Citizenship Education
Authors: Swarts Gabriel
Published: May 2020

In the broadest sense, the concept of global citizenship education (GCE) includes many facets of a rapidly changing world and concepts in education. The information and communication technology (ICT) advances of the last few decades have created opportunities for educational connection and interaction through digital spaces at all levels, local and global. In linking technology with global citizenship, neither GCE nor ICTs can be assumed to be mutually progressive and/or mutually beneficial. In recent years, governments have moved to centralize ICT technologies exacting more control over their use for surveillance, including the weaponization of ICTs for strategic gains. This complicates the work of GCE scholars and practitioners in unforeseen ways as centralized control limits decentralized interactions. ICT concepts and philosophical stances are explored and defined to address how GCE scholars and practitioners can reimagine and reframe the tenets of the field within this informational world. Key topics discussed include complications of GCE in the infosphere, digital citizenship & GCE, and teaching GCE in the age of “inforgs” & digital identities.
THE GARCH MODEL VOLATILITY OF SHARIA STOCKS ASSOCIATED CAUSALITY WITH MARKET INDEX
Authors: Hasbullah Endang Soeryana , Rusyaman Endang , Kartiwa Alit
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this paper is to examine the volatility of Islamic stocks related to the causality of the composite stock price index (CSPI). The aim is to investigate the causality of several levels of stock returns with the movement of the CSPI, and determine its volatility as a measure of risk. To determine the causality relationship is done by using the granger causality test method, with Vector Autoregressive (VAR) modeling. Whereas to determine the volatility is done using the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedastisiy (GARCH) model approach. The results of the causality test show that there is a direct relationship that affects and is influenced by the CSPI, and the relationship that affects each other between the company's stock market and the movement of the CSPI. While the volatility follows the GARCH model (1, 1). Based on the results of this study are expected to be used as consideration in making investment decisions in the analyzed stocks.
From Iran to Hollywood and Some Places In-Between
Authors: Gow Christopher
Published: May 2020

The New Iranian Cinema has had a fascinating success story in world cinema and critics have hailed Iranian films as alternatives to the homogenising global influence of mainstream Hollywood cinema. Drawing on seminal ideas of ‘art cinema’, Christopher Gow examines how the success of this cinema and the films of Abbas Kiarostami, its foremost proponent, can be accounted for by the extent to which they fit into a pre-established notion of art cinema. Gow also expands understanding of post-revolutionary Iranian cinema by examining the links between the New Iranian Cinema and emigre Iranian filmmaking, from the uncompromising German films of Sohrab Shahid Saless, to Vadim Perlman’s exploration of the Iranian experience of exile in the Oscar-nominated House of Sand and Fog. He reveals how this large and dispersed emigre Iranian cinema challenges our understanding of New Iranian Cinema itself and of national cinema in general.
The Sacred Architecture of Byzantium
Authors: Patricios Nicholas N
Published: May 2020

The churches of the Byzantine era were built to represent heaven on earth. Architecture, art and liturgy were intertwined in them to a degree that has never been replicated elsewhere, and the symbolism of this relationship had deep and profound meanings. Sacred buildings and their spiritual art underpinned the Eastern liturgical rites, which in turn influenced architectural design and the decoration which accompanied it. Nicholas N Patricios here offers a comprehensive survey, from the age of Constantine to the fall of Constantinople, of the nexus between buildings, worship and art. His identification of seven distinct Byzantine church types, based on a close analysis of 370 church building plans, will have considerable appeal to Byzantinists, lay and scholarly. Beyond categorizing and describing the churches themselves, which are richly illustrated with photographs, plans and diagrams, the author interprets the sacred liturgy that took place within these holy buildings, tracing the development of the worship in conjunction with architectural advances made up to the 15th century.

Focusing on buildings located in twenty-two different locations, this sumptuous book is an essential guide to individual features such as the synthronon, templon and ambo and also to the wider significance of Byzantine art and architecture.