bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theoretical framework for classification and prediction of ultrafast and strong-field phenomena in solids
Authors: Kruchinin Stanislav Yu. , Krausz Ferenc , Yakovlev Vladislav S.
Published: April 2019

We study the characteristic energy and time scales describing the coherent electron dynamics and decoherence phenomena in solids interacting with ultrashort laser pulses. Our analysis resulted in the derivation system of dimensionless adiabaticity parameters and derivation of the non-Markovian density-matrix equations applicable on arbitrary short timescales.
Decomposing electronic and lattice contributions in optical pump-X-ray probe transient inner-shell absorption spectroscopy of CuO
Authors: Mahl Johannes , Neppl Stefan , Roth Friedrich , Saladrigas Catherine , Bluhm Hendrik , Guo Jinghua , Yang Wanli , Nils Huse , Eberhardt Wolfgang , Gessner Oliver
Published: April 2019

Electronic and lattice contributions to transient X-ray absorption spectra of CuO are analyzed using picosecond time-resolved and temperature-dependent measurements. Super-bandgap excitation with 355 nm and 532 nm laser pulses leads to significantly different trends.
Ultrafast lattice dynamics in lead selenide quantum dot
Authors: Wang Xuan , Gorflen Matthew , Cao Jianming
Published: April 2019

We monitored the femtosecond-laser-induced lattice dynamics in PbSe quantum dots by ultrafast electron diffraction. The electron-phonon coupling didn’t show phonon bottleneck. And lattice dilation exhibited unusual features. Heat transport to the substrate deviated significantly from Fourier’s Law.
Observation of electron decay dynamics in Pt nano-structures by femtosecond infrared luminescence
Authors: Suemoto Tohru , Sugimoto Noriaki , Nishikawa Kazutaka , Yamanaka Ken-ichi , Inagaki Shinji
Published: April 2019

Femtosecond infrared luminescence has been observed in bulk and nano-structured platinum. Very broad spectra ranging from 0.3 to 1.05 eV are ascribed to hot luminescence within metal like continuous states both in bulk and nano-structured Pt. In addition, an excitation power dependent lifetime was found in Pt nano-structures.
Large polaron evidence in the ultrafast THz response of Lead-Halide Perovskites
Authors: Cinquanta Eugenio , Meggiolaro Daniele , Motti Silvia G. , Gandini Marina , Alcocer Marcelo , Quinten A. Akkerman , Vozzi Caterina , Manna Liberato , Petrozza Annamaria , De Angelis Filippo , Stagira Salvatore
Published: April 2019

We unveil the large polaron fingerprints in the transient THz dielectric response of lead-halide perovskites. We clarify the mechanism underlying the physics of charge transport of full-inorganic lead-halide perovskites by combining ultrafast Thz spectroscopy with DFT calculations.
First-principles electron dynamics simulation study of high intensity laser irradiation on crystal systems: Photon energy dependent energy transfer
Authors: Yamada Atsushi , Yabana Kazuhiro
Published: April 2019

Nonlinear interaction between femtosecond laser pulse and simple dielectric solid, silicon, at an intensity range around the damage threshold has been investigated by first-principles calculations based on time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). Intensity and frequency dependences are discussed making comparison with the Keldysh theory.
Ultrafast Proton/Deuteron Dynamics in Solid Oxide Observed with Infrared Pump-Probe Spectroscopy
Authors: Sakurai Atsunori , Ando Koji , Ashihara Satoshi
Published: April 2019

We performed pump-probe spectroscopy on OD stretching mode in KTaO3 to explore how a proton/deuteron interacts with the surroundings. We identified the potential anharmonicity and phonon modes which interact with a proton/deuteron, considering the temperature effect.
Subcycle Wannier-Stark Localization by Mid-Infrared Bias in Gallium Arsenide
Authors: Bühler Johannes , Schmidt Christian , Heinrich Alexander-Cornelius , Allerbeck Jonas , Podzimski Reinold , Berghoff Daniel , Meier Torsten , Schmidt Wolf Gero , Reichl Christian , Wegscheider Werner , Brida Daniele , Leitenstorfer Alfred
Published: April 2019

The fundamental interband absorption in gallium arsenide shows a strong blue shift when biased by mid-infrared transients exceeding 10 MV/cm. This subcycle feature is induced by the localization of electronic wavefunctions from 3D to 2D.
Lightwave-controlled electron dynamics in graphene
Authors: Heide Christian , Higuchi Takuya , Ullmann Konrad , Weber Heiko B. , Hommelhoff Peter
Published: April 2019

We demonstrate that currents induced in graphene by ultrashort laser pulses are sensitive to the exact shape of the electric-field waveform. By increasing the field strength, we found a transition of the light–matter interaction from the weak-field to the strong-field regime at around 2 V/nm, where intraband dynamics influence interband transitions. In this strong-field regime, the light-matter interaction can be described by the wavenumber trajectories of electrons in the reciprocal space. For linearly polarized light the electron dynamics are governed by repeated sub-optical-cycle Landau-Zener transitions between the valence- and conduction band, resulting in Landau-Zener-Stuckelberg interference, whereas for circular polarized light this interference is supressed.
Ultrafast Vibrational Energy Transfer from Photoexcited Carbon Nanotubes to Proteins
Authors: Nakayama Tomohito , Yoshizawa Shunsuke , Hirano Atsushi , Tanaka Takeshi , Shiraki Kentaro , Hase Muneaki
Published: April 2019

Carbon nanotube (CNT) and protein complexes are one of the most important nanomaterials in physical and biological fields, especially for building biomedical systems based on their unique electronic and optical properties. However, there is little knowledge about ultrafast vibrational phenomena and energy flow in CNT-protein complexes. Here, we study the ultrafast vibrational energy transfer (VET) from photoexcited carbon nanotubes to adsorbed materials, such as protein and surfactant, by observing relaxation dynamics of coherent radial breathing modes (RBMs) of CNT. As a result, we found the vibrational relaxation time of the RBMs depends on phonon density of states (PDOS) of adsorbed materials. Our findings are particularly useful for designing a highly efficient phonon energy flow system from photo-excited CNT to biomaterials, and such vibrational energy transfer can be controlled by the PDOS originated from the structure of coupled biomaterials.
Instantaneous charge separation in non-fullerene acceptor bulk-heterojunction of highly efficient solar cells
Authors: Franco V. A. Camargo , Gasparini Nicola , Nagahara Tetsuhiko , Lüer Larry , Cerullo Giulio , Brabec Christoph
Published: April 2019

Using broadband transient absorption in a high efficiency (>11%) photovoltaic blend with a non-fullerene acceptor, we observe instantaneous (sub-30 fs) charge separation, demonstrating close to ideal donor-acceptor level matching and nanomorphology in this blend.
Tabletop EUV Coherent Diffractive Imaging and Small Angle Scattering of Colloidal Crystals
Authors: Giulia F. Mancini , Karl Robert , Elisabeth Shanblatt , Charles Bevis , Dennis Gardner , Michael Tanksalvala , Jennifer Russell , Daniel Adams , Henry Kapteyn , John Badding , Thomas Mallouk , Margaret Murnane
Published: April 2019

We demonstrate full-field quantitative ptychographic imaging using tabletop high harmonics to visualize the extended structure of silica close-packed nanosphere multilayers with <20nm spatial resolution, and also extract small-angle EUV Bragg scattering order/disorder correlations.
Ultrafast x-ray-driven phenomena in nanocrystals: development and application of powerful simulation tools
Authors: Abdullah Malik Muhammad , Jurek Zoltan , Son Sang-Kil , Santra Robin
Published: April 2019

We investigate the radiation damage dynamics of nanocrystals at high x-ray intensity, by using time-resolved scattering patterns. We present dynamics simulations for biologically relevant molecules using XMDYN extended to nanocrystals and scattering simulation with XSINC.
Femtosecond dopant-to-solvent energy transfer inside helium nanodroplets
Authors: Thaler Bernhard , Meyer Miriam , Heim Pascal , Treiber Leonhard , Ernst Wolfgang E. , Koch Markus
Published: April 2019

Photoexcitation of atoms solvated inside superfluid helium nanodroplets is investigated with femtosecond photoelectron spectroscopy. Expansion of the solvation shell within about 600 fs is observed as transient photoelectron peak shift. For larger photoexcitation energies within the blue-shifted absorption band, more energy is transferred to the He droplet and the expansion proceeds faster.
Ultrafast quantum control of ionization dynamics
Authors: Hütten Konrad , Mittermair Michael , Stock Sebastian , Beerwerth Randolf , Shirvanyan Vahe , Riemensberger Johann , Duensing Andreas , Heider Rupert , Wagner Martin S. , Guggenmos Alexander , Fritzsche Stephan , Kabachnik Nikolay M. , Kienberger Reinhard , Bernhardt Birgitta
Published: April 2019

The unprecedented combination of transient absorption and ion mass spectroscopy with attosecond resolution is used to study and control the complex multidimensional excitation and decay cascade of an ultrafast Auger process in krypton.
Photo-induced dynamics in bromoform molecules studied by femtosecond XUV transient absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Lackner Florian , Chatterley Adam S. , Toulson Benjamin W. , Neumark Daniel M. , Leone Stephen R. , Gessner Oliver
Published: April 2019

Ultrafast dissociation dynamics in bromoform molecules initiated by UV (263 nm) excitation and by strong-field ionization are explored using femtosecond XUV transient absorption spectroscopy.
Evaporation of an anisotropic nanoplasma
Authors: Bacellar Camila , Chatterley Adam S. , Lackner Florian , Pemmaraju C.D. , Tanyag Rico M. P. , Bernando Charles , Verma Deepak , O’Connell Sean , Bucher Maximilian , Ferguson Kenneth R. , Gorkhover Tais , Ryan N. Coffee , Coslovich Giacomo , Ray Dipanwita , Osipov Timur , Neumark Daniel M. , Bostedt Christoph , Vilesov Andrey F. , Gessner Oliver
Published: April 2019

Intense laser induced plasma dynamics in sub-micron scale helium droplets are monitored by femtosecond time-resolved X-ray coherent diffractive imaging. Anisotropic surface softening and strongly anisotropic shrinking of the plasma core are observed.
Orientation-dependent stereo Wigner time delay and electron localization in a small molecule
Authors: Vos Jannie , Cattaneo Laura , Patchkovskii Serguei , Zimmermann Tomas , Cirelli Claudio , Lucchini Matteo , Kheifets Anatoli , Landsman Alexandra , Keller Ursula
Published: April 2019

We present orientation-dependent stereo Wigner time delays of CO molecules, which reveal the electron localization at the ionization moment. Together with theoretical calculations this constitutes a spatially-and temporally-resolved reconstruction of the molecular photoelectric effect.
Asymmetry flip in photoelectron angular distribution of rare gas atoms in intense circularly-polarized few-cycle laser fields
Authors: Fukahori Shinichi , Yamanouchi Kaoru , Paulus Gerhard G.
Published: April 2019

An analytical formula representing the photoelectron kinetic energy at which the ejection direction of photoelectrons generated by an intense circularly-polarized few-cycle laser pulse flips was derived and was used for determining the laser pulse duration.
PAH under XUV excitation: an ultrafast XUV-photochemistry experiment for astrophysics
Authors: Hervé M. , Castellanos P. , Karras G. , Despré V. , Marciniak A. , Constant E. , Loriot V. , Kuleff A.I. , Tielens A. G. G. M. , Lépine F.
Published: April 2019

Understanding processes induced by XUV excitation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) is at the heart of molecular astrophysics, which aims at understanding molecular evolution in interstellar media. We used ultrashort XUV pulses to produce highly excited PAHs cations. The photo-induced dynamics is probed using a pump-probe XUV-IR spectroscopy. By studying PAH from small (naphthalene) to large (hexabenzocoronene) PAHs, we show that the dynamic is governed by the large density of states, in which many-body quantum effects are dominant.
Exciton-Exciton Annihilation as a Mechanism for Uphill Transfer in a Molecular Excitonic System
Authors: Lincoln Craig N. , Block Matthias , Baudisch Bastian , Malevich Pavel , von Berlepsch Hans , Riedle Eberhard , Hauer Jürgen
Published: April 2019

Exciton dynamics in a HJ-aggregate of cyanine dye TTBC are investigated by transient absorption with a time resolution of <60 fs and power-dependent emission spectroscopies. Both measurements are consistent with an exciton delocalization length of ~28 monomers. A model assuming diffusive exciton motion reveals that the exciton mobility is at least bimodal and restricted to one spatial dimension. J-band diffusion rates of 2.69 and 2.79e-3 cm2s-1 are found, leading to maximal diffusion lengths of 449 and 14.5 nm. The findings indicate that exciton-exciton annihilation is the origin of effective uphill transfer. This mechanism, if present under solar radiation, maybe useful for organic photovoltaic systems.
Evidence and implications for exciton dissociation in lead halide perovskites
Authors: Tiwari Vandana , Duan Hong-Guang , Jha Ajay , Nayak Pabitra K. , Thorwart Michael , Snaith Henry J. , Miller R. J. Dwayne
Published: April 2019

We have employed ultrafast transient-grating and two- dimensional electronic spectroscopy to probe dynamics of photo-excited CH3NH3PbI3 thin films with 16-fs temporal resolution. We distinctly capture the 30-fs decay of excitons, weakly coupled to the phonons.
Probing biexciton structure in CdSe nanocrystals using 2D optical spectroscopy
Authors: Seller Hélène , Palato Samuel , Kambhampati Patanjali
Published: April 2019

Coherent Multi-dimensional Spectroscopy is ideally suited to investigate many-body effects in semiconductor nanostructures. Here we employ 2D optical spectroscopy on the model system of CdSe quantum dots to reveal the structure of the bandedge biexciton.
CEP control of multiphoton ionization using shaper-generated variable frequency ratio bichromatic fields
Authors: Kerbstadt Stefanie , Pengel Dominik , Bayer Tim , Wollenhaupt Matthias
Published: April 2019

We demonstrate CEP control of the directional photoemission from multiphoton ionization (MPI) of xenon atoms using (7ω:8ω) bichromatic fields whose frequency ratio is tailored to the order of the MPI process. The bichromatic fields are generated by white light supercontinuum polarization pulse shaping. In the experiment, we observe a CEP-sensitive lateral asymmetry of up to 70%. The CEP sensitivity arises from interference of opposite parity continuum states coupled to the ground state by a different number of photons.
Two-Dimensional Control of Electron Localization in H2 Dissociation with Elliptically Polarized Few-Cycle Pulses
Authors: Kangaparambil Sarayoo , Hanus Václav , Larimian Seyedreza , Xie Xinhua , Schöffler Markus , Paulus Gerhard , Baltuska Andrius , Kitzler Markus
Published: April 2019

We demonstrate two-dimensional control over the chargelocalization in H2 dissociation using elliptically polarized laser pulses. The influences of the CEP and the laser phase at the instant of ionization are investigated.
Population inversion in laser-driven N2+
Authors: Zhang Youyuan , Lotstedt Erik , Yamanouchi Kaoru
Published: April 2019

The time-dependent population transfer process of N2+ generated in an intense laser pulse has been investigated using the quasi-stationary Floquet theory by assuming that N2+ experiences an intense laser pulse with the sudden turn-on. A light-dressed B state is formed with a significant amount of population when pulse is suddenly turned on and is adiabatically transformed to the vibrational ground state (v = 0) of the field-free B state when the pulse vanishes. In addition, a part of the population is transferred to the electronically excited A state through one-photon resonance, which also contributes to decreasing the final population in the X state, facilitating the population inversion between the B state and the X state.
Time-resolved photoemission electron microscopy of a plasmonic slit resonator using 1 MHz, 25 fs, UV-to-NIR-tunable pulses
Authors: Huber Bernhard , Hensen Matthias , Pres Sebastian , Lisinetskii Victor , Luttig Julian , Wittmann Emanuel , Krauss Enno , Friedrich Daniel , Hecht Bert , Riedle Eberhard , Brixner Tobias
Published: April 2019

We discriminate different field dynamics across distances as small as 33 nm within a plasmonic slit resonator using aberration-corrected photoemission electron microscopy and a tunable broadband optical parametric amplifier at 1 MHz repetition rate.
Ultrafast electron microscopy of electromagnetic waveforms
Authors: Ryabov Andrey , Baum Peter
Published: April 2019

We advance ultrafast electron microscopy from atomic motions into the domain of electron-dynamics. Sub-light-cycle electron pulses deflected by time-frozen fields reveal the electromagnetic fields around a metamaterial element with sub-cycle and sub-wavelength resolution.
Ultrafast electron diffraction of THz-excited nanostructures
Authors: Mohler Kathrin J. , Baum Peter
Published: April 2019

We study the electromagnetic response of nanostructures to single-cycle THz excitation by using ultrafast electron diffraction. Although the nanostructures themselves are static, there exist complex sub-THz-cycle Bragg spot dynamics that relate via time-dependent Aharonov-Bohm-like phase shifts to the nanoscale electromagnetic potentials.
Microscopy and diffraction with attosecond electron pulse trains
Authors: Morimoto Yuya , Baum Peter
Published: April 2019

Attosecond imaging with electron beams can access optical-field-driven electron dynamics in space and time. Here we report first diffraction and microscopy experiments with attosecond electron pulses. We study attosecond-level timing of Bragg-spot emission and visualize light-wave propagation in space and time.
Plasmon-driven ultrafast point-projection electron microscopy
Authors: Vogelsang Jan , Hergert Germann , Wöste Andreas , Wang Dong , Groß Petra , Lienau Christoph
Published: April 2019

We implement a plasmon-driven ultrafast electron source in a point-projection electron microscope. A proof-of-principle experiment investigating the charge propagation in a single nanoresonator demonstrates an unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution of 20 nm and 25 fs.
Mapping momentum-dependent electron-phonon coupling and non-equilibrium phonon dynamics with ultrafast electron diffuse scattering
Authors: Stern Mark J. , René de Cotret Laurent P. , Otto Martin R. , Chatelain Robert P. , Boisvert Jean-Philippe , Sutton Mark , Siwick Bradley J.
Published: April 2019

We show that ultrafast electron diffuse (inelastic) scattering provides a detailed, momentum-resolved view of electron-phonon and phonon-phonon coupling across the entire Brillouin zone. Ultrafast time-resolution and scattering selection rules can distinguish between phonon branches without energy-resolution.
Highly Coherent Femtosecond Electron Pulses for Ultrafast Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Bach Nora , Feist Armin , Domrose Till , Danz Thomas , Möller Marcel , Rubiano da Silva Nara , Priebe Katharina , Rathje Christopher , Schafer Sascha , Ropers Claus
Published: April 2019

We describe the implementation and detailed characterization of a laser-triggered field-emitter electron source integrated into a modified transmission electron microscope. Highly coherent electron pulses enable high resolution ultrafast electron imaging and diffraction.
Ultrafast optics with slow electrons
Authors: Talebi Nahid , Lienau Christoph
Published: April 2019

We study the interaction of swift electrons with laser and solids using a numerical approach, and specifically show that low-energy electrons can be used to map the time-resolved response of a Fermi gas.
Can carbonic acid protonate biological bases? Support from base protonation in methanol solvent
Authors: Aminov Daniel , Pines Dina , Philip M. Kiefer , Daschakraborty Snehasis , James T. Hynes , Pines Ehud
Published: April 2019

In separate contributions, we have focussed on demonstrating that carbonic acid (CA) - historically considered too unstable to be a viable protonating agent - is able to protonate several types of pH indicators while behaving as a regular, moderately strong, carboxylic acid. Together with the experimental support we found for considering CA as a regular carboxylic acid are theoretical calculations demonstrating CA’s ability to protonate methylamine within 25 fs when forming with it a contact reactive complex. Here we briefly discuss a further aspect of this focus, involving the measurement of the lifetime and pKa of CA in pure methanol. The lifetime in methanol was found to be about 12-fold longer than in water, showing that the decomposition reaction of CA is solvent-dependent. The pKa change upon transferring CA from water to methanol was found to be 4.7 ± 0.1 pKa units, changing from 3.49 ± 0.03 to 8.16 ± 0.05: this change is similar to the pKa change observed for common stable carboxylic acids when these are transferred from water to methanol. These results add further support of our earlier proposal that CA can be an important protonating agent of biological bases in the blood plasma.
High sensitivity fluorescence up-conversion spectroscopy of 3MLCT emission of metal-organic complexes
Authors: Liu Li , Agathangelou Damianos , Roland Thomas , Crégut Olivier , Duchanois Thibaud , Beley Marc , Léonard Jérémie , Gros Philippe , Haacke Stefan
Published: April 2019

We demonstrate the implementation of a broadband fluorescence up-conversion set-up with high signal-to-noise ratio and dynamic range allowing for the detection of weak luminescence from triplet states in Fe(II) NHC complexes. Based on the experimentally determined radiative rates and the emission spectra, these states have dominant MLCT character.
Ultrafast F2− photodissociation by intense laser pulses: a time-resolved fragment imaging study
Authors: Shahi Abhishek , Albeck Yishai , Strasser Daniel
Published: April 2019

We present time-resolved coincidence imaging of F2− photodissociation by 400nm and intense 800nm ultrafast pulses. Coincidence fragment imaging reveals parallel and perpendicular single photon dissociation on 2Σg+ and 2πg states, and additional intense-field dissociation features.
Tailoring ultrafast singlet fission by structural modification of phenazinothiadiazoles
Authors: Alagna N. , Han J. , Herz J. , Perez Lustres J. L. , Hahn S. , Koser S. , Geyer Florian L. , Hahn Sebastian , Bunz U. , Dreuw A. , Buckup T. , Motzkus M.
Published: April 2019

Ultrafast transient absorption and quantum chemistry calculations are combined to demonstrate singlet fission in newly functionalized TIPS-Tetracenes. The coupling strength (but not the energy gap) between Si and ’(TT) states gauges singlet fission efficiency and rate.
Evidence for Free Rotation Restriction of Unsaturated Bond in Aggregation-Induced Emission
Authors: Zhang Song , Wang Lian , Zhou Miaomiao , Zhang Bing
Published: April 2019

We experimentally demonstrate that that nonradiative process, which competes with radiative decay, involves two main stages, namely the restricted intramolecular rotation and internal conversion process. The free rotation restriction of the unsaturated bond at the excited state is the key factor for AIE effects.
Visualizing excited state dynamics of conjugated molecules trough femtosecond stimulated Raman scattering
Authors: Giovanni Batignani , Emanuele Pontecorvo , Carino Ferrante , Massimiliano Aschi , Christopher G. Elles , Tullio Scopigno
Published: April 2019

The reaction pathway in the photoexcited model compound 2-methyl-5-phenylthiophene has been unravelled by Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Scattering and quantum chemical calculations. The excited state dynamics, including structural rearrangement, vibrational cooling and intersystem-crossing, will be presented.
Photodissociation dynamics of nitric oxide from roussin’s red ester probed by time-resolved infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Yoon Hojeong , Park Seongchul , Lim CheongHa , Lim Manho
Published: April 2019

To explore nitric oxide (NO)-donating capability of Roussin’s red ester [Fe2(μ-RS)2(NO)4] (RRE), photodissociation of NO from RRE and its subsequent reaction dynamics were probed by monitoring the N–O stretching mode after excitation with a 400-nm photon. As a result of the experiment, the NO generation quantum yield was obtained.
Bond formation dynamics of dicyanoaurate in the first excited singlet state
Authors: Sohn So Hyeong , Joo Taiha
Published: April 2019

Time-resolved fluorescence of [Au(CN)2−]3 in water reveals a coherent vibration of 74 cm-1. A massive non-Condon effect, proved unambiguously by time-resolved fluorescence spectra, demonstrates that the wave packet motion arises from the coherent bond formation.
Bayesian probability theory to identify false coincidences in coincidence experiments
Authors: Heim Pascal , Rumetshofer Michael , Thaler Bernhard , Ernst Wolfgang E. , von der Linden Wolfgang , Koch Markus
Published: April 2019

We describe a Bayesian formalism to analyse femtosecond pump-probe photoionization experiments with photoelectron-photoion coincidence (PEPICO) detection. This approach overcomes the drawback of extraordinary long data acquisition times of PEPICO detection. In extension to simply excluding false coincidences as previously [1], we here present an investigation of their influence on the underlying spectrum. The software is provided at https://github.com/fslab-tugraz/PEPICOBayes/.
Monitoring nonadiabatic dynamics in molecules by ultrafast X-Ray diffraction
Authors: Kowalewski Markus , Bennett Kochise , Mukamel Shaul
Published: April 2019

We theoretically examine time-resolved diffraction from molecules which undergo non-adiabatic dynamics and identify contributions from inelastic scattering that indicate the presence of an avoided crossing and the corresponding nuclear configuration.
Ultrabroadband two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy reveals energy flow pathways in LHCII across the visible spectrum
Authors: Son Minjung , Pinnola Alberta , Bassi Roberto , Schlau-Cohen Gabriela S.
Published: April 2019

We utilise ultrabroadband two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy to map out pathways of energy flow in LHCII across the entire visible region. In addition to the well-established, low-lying chlorophyll Qy bands, our results reveal additional pathways of energy relaxation on the higher-lying excited states involving the S2 energy levels of carotenoids, including ultrafast carotenoid-to-chlorophyll energy transfer on 90-150 fs timescales.
Lack of long-lived quantum coherence in the photosynthetic energy transfer
Authors: Duan Hong-Guang , Prokhorenko Valentyn I. , Cogdell Richard J. , Ashraf Khuram , Stevens Amy L. , Wientjes Emilie , Croce Roberta , Thorwart Michael , Miller R. J. Dwayne
Published: April 2019

We have studied the FMO, LHCII and PSII reaction center complex by electronic 2D spectroscopy. At ambient temperature the electronic coherences are too short lived to play any functional role in the natural energy transfer.
Excitation energy transfer and equilibration process in LHCII studied by multidimensional electronic spectroscopy
Authors: Do Thanh Nhut , Huerta-Viga Adriana , Zhang Cheng , Akhtar Parveen , Nowakowski Pawei J. , Khyasudeen Muhammad Faisal bin , Nguyen Hoang Long , Lambrev Petar H. , Tan Howe-Siang
Published: April 2019

Light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) – the light-harvesting antenna of Photosystem II – is a naturally abundant system that plays an important role in photosynthesis. In this study, we present a phenomenological analysis of the excitonic energy transfer in LHCII using ultrafast two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy, that we find compares well with previous theoretical and experimental results.
Ultrafast Photorelaxation of Uracil Embedded in an RNA Strand
Authors: Keefer D. , Reiter S. , de Vivie-Riedle R.
Published: April 2019

Ultrafast photorelaxation of uracil can be hindered by its natural RNA environment. Multiscale quantum dynamical simulations show that the wave packet can be trapped in the photoexcited electronic state, which could potentially lead to photodamage.
Interactions of RNA and Water probed by 2D-IR Spectroscopy
Authors: Fingerhut Benjamin P. , Bruening Eva M. , Schauss Jakob , Siebert Torsten , Elsaesser Thomas
Published: April 2019

Combined experimental-theoretical investigation of ultrafast hydration dynamics of an A-form RNA double helix in water reveals an ordered arrangement of water molecules and provides boundary conditions for the ion atmosphere around the polyanionic RNA.
Exciton dynamics in DNA oligomers studied by broadband deep-UV transient absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Bauer Benjamin , Oppermann Malte , Chergui Majed
Published: April 2019

We report broadband transient absorption measurements of adenine strands in the deep-UV (250-370 nm). By varying the strand length we resolve the interplay between inter-base stacking and exciton formation and dynamics in DNA oligomers.
Electron Transfer Pathways and Dynamics in Drosophila Cryptochrome - the Role of Protein Electrostatics
Authors: Richter Martin , Fingerhut Benjamin P.
Published: April 2019

Dissipative quantum dynamics simulations reveal a branching of charge separation dynamics in Drosophila Cryptochrome due to subtle balanced energetics within the enzyme. In silico mutations of charged amino acids provide control over charge transfer directionality.
High-dimensional exciton-vibrational wave-packet dynamics in the FMO complex. influence of site-specific spectral densities
Authors: Schulze Jan , Shibl Mohamed F. , Al-Marri Mohammed J. , Kuhn Oliver
Published: April 2019

The correlated exciton-vibrational dynamics of the Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) complex is studied using Multi-layer Multi-configuration Time-dependent Hartree (ML-MCTDH) wavepacket propagation. Exciton populations and coherences are shown to be sensitive to the details of the spectral density.
Quality assurance in planning a radon measurement survey using PDCA cycle approach: what improvements?
Authors: La Verde Giuseppe , Roca Vincenzo , Pugliese Mariagabriella
Published: April 2019

This work is focused on effectiveness of adopting the Plan, Do, Check, Act (PDCA) cycle model, also known as Deming cycle, for an analytical laboratory management. It is not uncommon for university laboratories, unlike those of private companies, to register problems and losses in the management of materials, supplies and quality of service, especially externally. The PDCA cycle is closely associated with the planning, implementation, control and continuous improvement of the processes. In this context, the Deming cycle method finds a simple and informal application in order to make small modifications and improvements to the entire Radon gas activity concentrations measurement procedure. Attention is paid to most important topics as management of equipment and materials, record maintenance, sample analysis and risk communication. The results recorded were positive in terms of material savings, job optimization, quality of results and organization of internal processes.
Kostenübernahmen beim Lipödem – was ist zu
beachten?
Authors: Motamedi Melodi , Herold Christian , Allert Sixtus
Published: April 2019

Das Lipödem war bis vor einigen Jahren ein eher unbekanntes Erkrankungsbild. In
den letzten 5 Jahren gewann die Lipödemerkrankung immer mehr Bekanntheit,
insbesondere durch die mediale Aufmerksamkeit. Neben der konservativen
Behandlung durch eine komplex-konservative Entstauungstherapie gibt es immer
mehr Studien, die das Potenzial eines Liposuktionsverfahrens zur erfolgreichen
Therapie des Lipödems nahelegen. Infolgedessen werden Betroffene dieser
Erkrankung zunehmend bei Plastischen Chirurgen vorstellig mit dem Wunsch nach
Korrektur und Schmerzlinderung. Da die Liposuktion in Deutschland allerdings
seitens des gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses (G-BA) noch nicht als
Behandlungsalternative zur Therapie von Lipödemerkrankten positiv bewertet
worden ist, ist eine Leistungserbringung zu Lasten der GKV immer noch eine
Einzelfallentscheidung, welche gesondert von den Patientinnen in Zusammenarbeit
mit dem behandelnden Plastischen Chirurgen beantragt werden muss. Im
vorliegenden Übersichtsartikel legen wir die aktuelle Rechtslage dar und geben
Hilfestellung bei der Beantragung von Kostenübernahmen.
Auditive Verarbeitung und Wahrnehmungsstörungen:
Erfahrungen mit Fragebogeninstrumenten
Authors: Koch Thomas , Bergmann Corinna , Ptok Martin
Published: April 2019

Hintergrund Beeinträchtigungen der Lautdiskrimination, des
Sprachverständnisses im Störlärm, der Merkfähigkeit u. s. w. können im Rahmen
einer Diagnostik bezüglich einer auditiven Verarbeitungs- und
Wahrnehmungsstörung (AVWS) strukturiert mit dem von der Deutschen Gesellschaft
für Phoniatrie und Pädaudiologie erstellten Fragebogen (DGPP-AVWS-FB) erfasst
werden. Hier soll über Erfahrungen bei Verwendung dieses Fragebogens in einer
phoniatrisch-pädaudiologischen Praxis berichtet werden. Insbesondere sollte
ermittelt werden, ob Angaben der Eltern zum auditiven Verhalten ihrer Kinder
ähnlich oder different zu Angaben von Erzieherinnen und Erziehern im
Kindergarten (KGK) respektive von Lehrkräften in der Schule (LK) sind.

Methodik In einem neunmonatigen Zeitraum wurde allen Eltern, die ihre
Kinder zur Abklärung einer eventuellen AVWS vorstellten, der DGPP-AVWS-FB zum
Ausfüllen durch sie sowie durch KGK/LK ausgehändigt. Zum Vergleich der
Übereinstimmung der Beurteilungen wurden auch jeweils zwei Fragebögen zur
Aufmerksamkeit und Konzentration bzw. zu exekutiven Funktionen (DISYPS II, BRIEF
oder BRIEF-P) mitgegeben. Daten von Kindern mit peripherer Hörstörung oder
kognitiver Entwicklungsstörung wurden nicht verwendet. Dann wurde für die
jeweiligen Items, Skalen und Indices der Korrelationskoeffizient berechnet.

Ergebnisse Ausgefüllte Fragebögen lagen zum Schluss des
Untersuchungszeitraums von insgesamt 20 Grundschulkindern sowie 7
Kindergartenkindern vor. Bei letztgenannten erfolgte die Vorstellung
ausschließlich auf Veranlassung der KGK, bei einem Schulkind wurde eine AVWS
durch die Eltern, nicht aber durch LK, bei drei Schulkindern sowohl durch die
Eltern wie durch LK und bei 16 Schulkindern nur durch LK vermutet. Die
Auswertung der DGPP-AVWS-FB spiegelte letztlich diese unterschiedliche
Einschätzung der Symptomatik wieder: die Angaben der Eltern zeigten, mit
Ausnahme der Angaben bei Kindern, bei denen sowohl Eltern wie LK eine AVWS
vermuteten, nur eine geringe Übereinstimmung zu den Angaben der KGK/LK. Im
Vergleich dazu waren die Antworten zu den beiden anderen Fragebögen ebenfalls
unterschiedlich, die Angaben zur Aufmerksamkeit und Hyperaktivität bei
Kindergartenkindern tendenziell aber ähnlicher.

Diskussion Die hier aus der phoniatrisch-pädaudiologischen Praxis
vorgestellten Daten könnten mit einem unterschiedlichen Verhalten der Kinder im
häuslichen Umfeld respektive im Kindergarten/in der Schule zu erklären sein. Es
könnte auch sein, dass dasgleiche Verhalten unterschiedlich bewertet wird. Für
Fragebögen-Instrumente zur Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung und zu
exekutiven Funktionen sind niedrige Korrelationen bereits bekannt. Für die
klinische Routine empfiehlt sich, die berichteten Symptome standardisiert mit
dem DGPP-AVWS-FB zu dokumentieren und insbesondere auch festzustellen, ob ein
auffälliges auditives Verhalten nur in einer oder in zwei bzw. mehreren
Umgebungen auffällt.
Blood Flow Restriction Therapy after Closed Treatment of Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: Cancio Jill M. , Sgromolo Nicole M. , Rhee Peter C.
Published: April 2019

Background Blood flow restriction (BFR) therapy is an innovative rehabilitative program that enables patients to increase strength at a fraction of the weight typically necessary in endurance exercises. Therefore, we conducted a pilot study evaluating patient outcomes with a BFR therapy program for closed management after a distal radius fracture compared to a traditional rehabilitation protocol.

Literature review A randomized-controlled study was conducted comparing a standardized hand therapy rehabilitation protocol alone to a combined protocol with the use of BFR therapy in patients who were initially treated with closed reduction and short arm cast immobilization for a displaced distal radius fracture between May 1, 2015 and August 1, 2016. BFR therapy was performed with a restrictive tourniquet applied to the upper brachium, performing the same strengthening exercises as the control group but with the restrictive tourniquet in place. Clinical assessment was conducted at 6, 10, and 14 weeks from the date of initial cast immobilization. Outcome measures collected included wrist range of motion; grip strength; pinch strength; visual analogue scale for pain with activity and at rest; patient-rated wrist evaluation (PRWE) scores; and disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand scores.

Results Thirteen patients were enrolled and randomized between the BFR (n = 6) and control (n = 7) groups. The BFR group noted significantly greater reduction in pain with activity compared to the control group after 8 weeks of therapy (Δ −4.0 vs. −2.3, p = 0.03). Similarly, patients in the BFR group displayed greater reduction in PRWE scores compared to the control group after 8 weeks of BFR therapy (Δ −57.9 vs. 30.8, p = 0.01). The two groups did not demonstrate any significant difference in radiographic outcomes at any time point or throughout the course of the study. All patients tolerated the BFR therapy program and there were no complications.

Clinical relevance The addition of BFR therapy to the rehabilitative program after closed management of a distal radius fracture is safe, well tolerated by patients, without any deleterious effects on radiographic outcomes. This pilot study noted that BFR therapy in patients with nonoperative distal radius fractures may result in a larger reduction in pain with activity and greater improvement in overall self-perceived function.
Acetazolamide-Induced Aseptic Meningitis in a Female Adolescent with Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A Case Report
Authors: Gupta Rekha , Barton Chris , Puri Vinay
Published: April 2019

Drug-induced aseptic meningitis (DIAM) has been documented for many years and is considered a diagnostic and patient management challenge. Associated medications include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, and monoclonal antibodies, but no cases associated with acetazolamide have been reported. We briefly review a case of a 15-year-old female patient with history of idiopathic intracranial hypertension whose symptoms of aseptic meningitis associated with the use and increase of acetazolamide. DIAM should be considered a possibility in any patient with meningeal symptoms, pleocytosis, and negative cerebrospinal fluid culture. This is the first known case linking acetazolamide to DIAM.
Thirty Years of Studies on Blood Coagulation: 1935 - 1965 The Renaissance Period of Blood Coagulation
Authors: Nicola De
Published: April 2019

A selection of discoveries and new observations in the worid during the years 1935 - 1965 is presented in a series of posters, with reproduction of relevant quotations, graphs and pictures of authors and with data on meetings journals and associations for the study of blood coagulation and hemostasis.
High-quality MgB2 nanocrystals synthesized by using modified amorphous nano-boron powders: Study of defect structures and superconductivity properties
Authors: Bateni Ali , Erdem Emre , Häßler Wolfgang , Somer Mehmet
Published: April 2019

Nano sized magnesium diboride (MgB2) samples were synthesized using various high-quality nano-B precursor powders. The microscopic defect structures of MgB2 samples were systematically investigated using X-ray powder diffraction, Raman, resistivity measurements and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. A significant deviation in the critical temperature Tc was observed due to defects and crystal distortion. The symmetry effect of the latter is also reflected on the vibrational modes in the Raman spectra. Scanning electron microscopy analysis demonstrate uniform and ultrafine morphology for the modified MgB2. Defect center in particular Mg vacancies influence the connectivity and the conductivity properties which are crucial for the superconductivity applications.
Testing multichambered bat box designs in a habitat-offset area in eastern Australia: influence of material, colour, size and box host
Authors: Rueegger Niels , Goldingay Ross , Law Brad , Gonsalves Leroy
Published: April 2019

Bat boxes are frequently used as conservation and habitat-offset measures, yet their effectiveness is equivocal, particularly in Australia. Boxes used in Australia are largely voluminous-type boxes with Chalinolobus gouldii (Gould’s wattled bat) frequently dominating their use. We tested multichambered boxes comprising fissure-type cavities made from either plywood (~20000cm3) or woodcement (~7400cm3). We investigated whether occupancy was influenced by box colour (white boxes facing morning sun versus black boxes facing afternoon sun), box material/size, chamber width (15mm versus 20mm) and box host (tree versus pole). Boxes were monitored over 1.8 years. Overall, 245 bat observations were recorded. Boxes were frequently used (15% of 1088 box checks) by Nyctophilus geoffroyi (lesser long-eared bat), a species uncommonly reported to use boxes, which used 50 of the 64 boxes (78%), including for maternity roosting (n=6). In comparison, C. gouldii was rarely detected (1% of box checks). Two other species were also found in boxes at low frequencies. Modelling showed a preference by N. geoffroyi for black boxes, the larger plywood box and boxes installed on poles. Fissure-type boxes appear to meet the roost requirements of N. geoffroyi but not that of C. gouldii, the species principally detected in voluminous-type boxes and postulated to gain a competitive advantage. The black woodcement box was the second most frequently used design, demonstrating that this long-lasting box material can be a suitable alternative to the less durable plywood material. Given that just one species commonly used boxes, there is a need for further research on box designs.
Pain and spatial inclusion: evidence from Mandarin
Authors: Liu Michelle , Klein Colin
Published: April 2019

The surface grammar of reports such as ‘I have a pain in my leg’ suggests that pains are objects which are spatially located in parts of the body. We show that the parallel construction is not available in Mandarin. Further, four philosophically important grammatical features of such reports cannot be reproduced. This suggests that arguments and puzzles surrounding such reports may be tracking artefacts of English, rather than philosophically significant features of the world.
Reflection on modern methods: calculating a sample size for a repeatability sub-study to correct for measurement error in a single continuous exposure
Authors: Morgan Katy E , Cook Sarah , Leon David A , Frost Chris
Published: April 2019

Using a continuous exposure variable that is measured with random error in a univariable linear regression model leads to regression dilution bias: the observed association between the exposure and outcome is smaller than it would be if the true value of the exposure could be used. A repeatability sub-study, where a sample of study participants have their data measured again, can be used to correct for this bias. It is important to perform a sample size calculation for such a sub-study, to ensure that correction factors can be estimated with sufficient precision. We describe how a previously published method can be used to calculate the sample size from the anticipated size of the correction factor and its desired precision, and demonstrate this approach using the example of the cross-sectional studies conducted as part of the International Project on Cardiovascular Disease in Russia study. We also provide correction factors calculated from repeat data from the UK Biobank study, which can be used to help plan future repeatability studies.
Semantics for first-order superposition logic
Authors: Tzouvaras Athanassios
Published: April 2019

We investigate how the sentence choice semantics (SCS) for propositional superposition logic (PLS) developed in Tzouvaras (2018, Logic Journal of the IGPL, 26, 149–190) could be extended so as to successfully apply to first-order superposition logic (FOLS). There are two options for such an extension. The apparently more natural one is the formula choice semantics (FCS) based on choice functions for pairs of arbitrary formulas of the basis language. It is proved however that the universal instantiation scheme of first-order logic, $(\forall v)\varphi (v)\rightarrow \varphi (t)$, is false, as a scheme of tautologies, with respect to FCS. This causes the total failure of FCS as a candidate semantics. Then we turn to the other option, which is a variant of SCS, since it uses again choice functions for pairs of sentences only. This semantics however presupposes that the applicability of the connective | is restricted to quantifier-free sentences, and thus the class of well-formed formulas and sentences of the language is restricted too. Granted these syntactic restrictions, the usual axiomatizations of FOLS turn out to be sound and conditionally complete with respect to this second semantics, just like the corresponding systems of PLS.
Post-splenectomy acute glomerulonephritis due to a chronic infection with Plasmodium falciparum and malariae
Authors: Camprubí Daniel , Balerdi Leire , Quintana Luis F , Almuedo-Riera Alex , Valls M Eugenia , García-Herrera Adriana , Rodriguez-Valero Natalia , Alvarez-Martínez Miriam J , Muñoz Jose
Published: April 2019

A 38-year-old Senegalese man with no travel history for the last 2 years presented with fever and acute kidney injury with nephrotic syndrome after an elective splenectomy. Diagnosis of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis due to a chronic mixed Plasmodium infection triggered by splenectomy in a patient with hyperreactive malarial splenomegaly was confirmed.
Cultivating problems for the future: Integration supports for resettled and spontaneous refugees in Ireland
Authors: Arnold Samantha , Quinn Emma , Gusciute Egle , Kinlen Louise
Published: April 2019

In this article, we look firstly at trends in arrivals of spontaneous refugees and resettled refugees in Ireland and the integration supports available to this group as outlined in national-level policy. We discuss the similarities between spontaneous and resettled refugee groups in Ireland and argue that integration needs in the longer term are similar; both groups of refugees require integration supports tailored to their specific needs. We discuss these needs in this article. We suggest that the current approach to provide only targeted supports to resettled refugees is somewhat paradoxical, in that one group of beneficiaries appears privileged in the provision of integration services and supports over the other group, despite similar needs. This article comes at a time when Ireland has opted-in to the European Union Recast Reception Conditions Directive, which provides asylum seekers the right to work under certain conditions. The article explores the impact of recent policy and legislative reforms on the integration prospects of spontaneous refugees in particular. It also looks to the future and discusses challenges under the current system and the increasing asylum application processing backlog.