bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consistency of JWST black hole observations with NANOGrav gravitational wave measurements
Authors: Ellis John , Fairbairn Malcolm , Hütsi Gert , Urrutia Juan , Vaskonen Ville , Veermäe Hardi
Published: October 2024

JWST observations have opened a new chapter in supermassive black hole (SMBH) studies, stimulating discussion of two puzzles: the abundance of high-z SMBHs and the fraction of dual active galactic nuclei (AGNs). We argue that the answers to these puzzles may be linked to an interpretation of the data on the nanohertz gravitational waves (GWs) discovered by NANOGrav and other pulsar timing arrays as SMBH binaries whose evolution is driven by interactions with their environments down to O(0.1 pc) separations. We show that the stellar mass-black hole mass correlations found in JWST data and in low-ɀ inactive galaxies are similar, and present a global fit to these data, excluding low-ɀ AGNs. Matching the NANOGrav and dual-AGN data requires that binary evolution due to environmental effects at separations below O(1 kpc) be rapid on cosmological timescales. According to this interpretation, the SMBHs in low-ɀ AGNs are the tip of the iceberg of a local SMBH population in mainly inactive galaxies. This interpretation is consistent with the ‘little red dots’ observed with JWST being AGNs, and would favour the observability of GW signals from black hole binaries in LISA and decihertz GW detectors.
Generative models of astrophysical fields with scattering transforms on the sphere
Authors: Mousset L. , Allys E. , Price M. A. , Aumont J. , Delouis J.-M. , Montier L. , McEwen J. D.
Published: October 2024

Scattering transforms are a new type of summary statistics recently developed for the study of highly non-Gaussian processes, which have been shown to be very promising for astrophysical studies. In particular, they allow one to build generative models of complex non-linear fields from a limited amount of data and have been used as the basis of new statistical component separation algorithms. In the context of upcoming cosmological surveys, such as LiteBIRD for the cosmic microwave background polarisation or the Vera C. Rubin Observatory and the Euclid space telescope for study of the large-scale structures of the Universe, extending these tools to spherical data is necessary. In this work, we developed scattering transforms on the sphere and focused on the construction of maximum-entropy generative models of several astrophysical fields. We constructed, from a single target field, generative models of homogeneous astrophysical and cosmological fields, whose samples were quantitatively compared to the target fields using common statistics (power spectrum, pixel probability density function, and Minkowski functionals). Our sampled fields agree well with the target fields, both statistically and visually. We conclude, therefore, that these generative models open up a wide range of new applications for future astrophysical and cosmological studies, particularly those for which very little simulated data is available.
LOFAR high-band antenna observations of the Perseus cluster
Authors: van Weeren R. J. , Timmerman R. , Vaidya V. , Gendron-Marsolais M.-L. , Botteon A. , Roberts I. D. , Hlavacek-Larrondo J. , Bonafede A. , Brüggen M. , Brunetti G. , Cassano R. , Cuciti V. , Edge A. C. , Gastaldello F. , Groeneveld C. , Shimwell T. W.
Published: October 2024

The Perseus cluster is the brightest X-ray cluster in the sky and is known as a cool-core galaxy cluster. Being a very nearby cluster, it has been extensively studied. This has provided a comprehensive view of the physical processes that operate in the intracluster medium (ICM), including feedback from the active galactic nucleus (AGN) 3C 84 and measurements of ICM turbulence. Additionally, the Perseus cluster contains a central radio mini-halo. This diffuse radio source traces cosmic-ray electrons (re-)accelerated in situ in the ICM. Here, we report on LOFAR high-band antenna 120-168 MHz observations of the Perseus cluster that probe a range of four orders of magnitude in angular scales. In our 0.3″ (0.11 kpc) resolution image, we find that the northern extension of the 3C 84 lobe consists of several narrow 1.5–3 kpc parallel strands of emission. In addition, we detect steep-spectrum filaments associated with a previous outburst of the central AGN radio emission filling two known X-ray “ghost” cavities. At 7″ resolution (2.6 kpc), our images show a complex structured radio mini-halo, with several edges and filaments. At resolutions of 26″ (10 kpc) and 80″ (29 kpc), we discover diffuse radio emission with a 1.1 Mpc extent. We classify this emission as a giant radio halo, and its properties are distinct from the inner mini-halo. We also detect two diffuse sources at projected cluster centric radii of 0.7 and 1.0 Mpc. Finally, we observe a 0.9 Mpc trail of radio emission from the cluster member galaxy IC 310 that connects it to the giant radio halo. Together with other recent studies of relaxed clusters, our LOFAR observations indicate that cluster-wide radio emission could be (more) common in cool-core clusters. In the case of the Perseus cluster, a past off-axis merger event that preserved the cool core might have generated enough turbulence to produce an extended radio halo observable at low frequencies.
Value-added catalog of physical properties for more than 1.3 million galaxies from the DESI survey
Authors: Siudek M. , Pucha R. , Mezcua M. , Juneau S. , Aguilar J. , Ahlen S. , Brooks D. , Circosta C. , Claybaugh T. , Cole S. , Dawson K. , de la Macorra A. , Dey A. , Dey B. , Doel P. , Font-Ribera A. , Forero-Romero J. E. , Gaztañaga E. , Gontcho A Gontcho S. , Gutierrez G. , Honscheid K. , Howlett C. , Ishak M. , Kehoe R. , Kirkby D. , Kisner T. , Kremin A. , Lambert A. , Landriau M. , Le Guillou L. , Manera M. , Martini P. , Meisner A. , Miquel R. , Moustakas J. , Newman J. A. , Niz G. , Pan Z. , Percival W. J. , Poppett C. , Prada F. , Rossi G. , Saintonge A. , Sanchez E. , Schlegel D. , Scholte D. , Schubnell M. , Seo H. , Speranza F. , Sprayberry D. , Tarlé G. , Weaver B. A. , Zou H.
Published: October 2024

Aims. We present an extensive catalog of the physical properties of more than a million galaxies investigated with the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), one of the largest spectroscopic surveys to date. Spanning a full range of target types, including emission-line galaxies, luminous red galaxies, and quasars, our survey encompasses an unprecedented range of spectroscopic redshifts, all the way from 0 to 6.

Methods. The physical properties, such as stellar masses and star formation rates, were derived via the CIGALE spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting code accounting for the contribution coming from active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Based on the modeling of the optical-mid-infrared (grz supplemented with WISE photometry) SEDs, we studied the galaxy properties with respect to their location on the main sequence.

Results. We have revised the dependence of stellar mass estimates on model choices and on the availability of WISE photometry. Indeed, the WISE data are required to minimize the misclassification of star-forming galaxies as AGNs. The lack of WISE bands in SED fits leads to elevated AGN fractions for 68% of star-forming galaxies identified using emission line diagnostic diagrams, but this does not significantly affect their stellar mass or star formation estimates.
Space Weather and Space Climate - A timeline
Authors:   European Space Weather and Space Climate association
Published: October 2024

At the beginning of the 20th century, it was admitted that our atmosphere could not extend beyond a few tens of kilometres. Shortly after the midst of that same century, it was understood that the Earth is surrounded by a complex and rich plasma environment, conditioned by solar activity, extending over several tens of thousands of kilometres. Today, we know that our planet’s boundaries extend all the way to the Sun. This book tells the long story of humanity’s efforts to understand the boundaries of the Earth and its influence from the external celestial objects dominated by our closest star, the Sun. It also reveals the impact that solar activity is having on our technological societies, from the most beautiful to the most fearsome: Polar auroras and northern tourism, power and communications cuts, GNSS positioning degradations, planes losing contact with control towers, astronauts under threat, space... It presents, in a clear and educational way, this new and exciting discipline: space weather and space climate, its physics, its instruments, its methods, from modelling to artificial intelligence, its forecasting centres. Written by a dozen of the world’s leading specialists in this field, this book is the tribute of the world’s largest space weather and space climate association, E-SWAN, to the lovers of space and nature.
Addressing occupational injuries occurred among veterinarians in Southeast Asia: A scoping review
Authors: Dewi Kharisma , Jaladara Vena
Published: October 2024

This study aims to identify injuries occurring among veterinarians in the Southeast Asia region and to identify prevention strategies for occupational injuries among veterinarians. PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were used to search for articles reporting injuries among veterinarians. Search terms were explored based on MeSH identification after the determination of population, concept, and context. Only papers in English and reporting the injuries that occur in veterinarians were included in the study. Rayyan.ai - a tool screening website, was used for abstract and title screening. This study uses PRISMA ScR flowchart to guide the screening and process. In total, 369 articles were retrieved, 16 from PubMEd, 303 from Scopus, and 50 from Google Scholar. However, only the first 5 pages of Google Scholar were retrieved for screening as they became less relevant the further back they went. There were no articles that specifically mentioned occupational injuries among veterinarians in the Southeast Asia region. Nevertheless, 3 articles from Malaysia, Singapore, and the Philippines, mentioned occupational injuries among animal health workers. From those 3 articles, it has been identified that animal-related injuries, sharp-related injuries, and ergonomics are the three most commonly reported incidents among animal health workers. Other incidents such as chemical and psychosocial were also reported. The lack of scientific articles reporting occupational safety and health incidents in veterinarians can be a double-edged sword. This could mean that there are no events to report. However, on the other hand, this should be of particular concern as it means that they are not well documented. Veterinarians, including other animal health workers, are one of the spearheads of zoonotic disease transmission. The findings emphasize the urgent need for targeted research and policy formulation in addressing occupational hazards and improving the well-being and safety of veterinarians.
Household waste management behavior in the Blunyahrejo Village, Yogyakarta: Insights from the theory of planned behavior and social capital
Authors: Fuadiyah Haq Zilfani
Published: October 2024

The escalating issue of waste highlights the importance of conducting this research to analyze household waste management behavior in the Blunyahrejo community from the perspectives of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Social Capital. The key aspects analyzed from TPB include attitude toward the behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, as well as social networks and social trust. This type of research is quantitative and uses convenience sampling for data collection. A total of 102 samples were analyzed using logistic regression analysis for multivariate analysis. The results of the logistic regression analysis indicate that age (p<0.05, OR: 6.29), attitude toward the behavior (p<0.01, OR: 11.09), and perceived behavioral control (p<0.05, OR: 5.91) are significantly related to waste management behavior. Additionally, the variable of social trust has the greatest influence on waste management behavior (p<0.001, OR: 19.47). Social trust is the key factor influencing waste management behavior, as it enhances confidence and environmental awareness. Age also plays a role, with older individuals managing waste better due to greater maturity. Positive attitudes towards waste management and perceived control over waste further impact behavior. Effective waste management thus requires a strategy that fosters social trust, offers environmental education, and provides adequate infrastructure.
The forgotten step in hand hygiene: A look at hand drying practices in the VFSM survey
Authors: Lustriane Cita , Syandi Dewintha , Fanaike Ruki , Setyawati Ema , Ramadona Aditya Lia
Published: October 2024

Handwashing is a cornerstone defense against the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study explores knowledge of proper handwashing techniques among participants in the Village Food Safety Movement (VFSM) Program across all 34 Indonesian provinces. We conducted a Pre-Post Intervention survey to assess the knowledge of proper handwashing techniques. The survey revealed a low percentage of correct responses concerning proper handwashing techniques across all four respondent groups: housewives, youth, the household food industry, and the ready-to-eat food industry. Even after the intervention, correct response rates remained below 30% in these groups. The respondents from schools (77%) and retail (61%) showed a slightly higher percentage of correct responses after the intervention, but it remained below the ideal standard of 80%. This highlights a critical knowledge gap: proper handwashing includes thorough drying after washing hands. This study reveals a concerning lack of understanding about the complete handwashing process, potentially hindering efforts to prevent disease transmission and AMR in Indonesia. Future research should prioritize interventions that specifically address hand drying practices in addition to washing techniques. Policymakers and healthcare professionals should integrate hand drying education into their AMR control strategies.
Evaluation of the implementation of disposable mask waste management at Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing (FKKMK), Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM)
Authors: Shandy Boy , Purwanti Sri , Pamungkas Catur , Fadhlun  , Tumiat  , Rauf Annisa Utami
Published: October 2024

The COVID-19 has introduced new habits such as the daily use of masks, which extends to campus environments. This habit poses health risks as masks are considered infectious waste and can facilitate disease transmission, thus requiring attention in terms of management. As a proponent of the Health Promoting University, FK-KMK UGM is expected to lead by example in managing mask waste. The aim of this study is to evaluate the implementation of mask waste management at FK-KMK UGM. This study used descriptive cross-sectional design with a mixed-method approach. Quantitative data were collected by distributing questionnaires to 141 respondents, while the qualitative method was carried out by evaluating using logic model framework to know the input, process, and output from the implementation. About 81.6% of respondents continued to wear masks on campus, with 65.2% citing health reasons. Furthermore, 85.8% reported the absence of proper mask disposal facilities, and 92.9% indicated a need for such facilities. Regarding input, process, and output components, it was found that lacks designated disposal bins and does not separate mask waste from other waste at FK-KMK UGM. The management of disposable mask waste at FK-KMK UGM has not been implemented properly. The campus should provide specialized bins for mask waste and collaborate with the Center for Agricultural Technology Innovation (PIAT) UGM to integrate mask waste treatment.
Examining the Impact of rainfall patterns on leptospirosis cases in Bantul District, Indonesia: A four-year ecology study 2020-2023
Authors: Sa’adatar Rohmah Nilna , Aryanto Samsu , Satria Wiratama Bayu , Haris Ibrahim Abdul
Published: October 2024

Leptospirosis, a zoonotic illness induced by the pathogenic Leptospira bacteria, is a noteworthy public health issue, especially in regions with tropical climates. The primary objective of this investigation was to delve into the connection between precipitation patterns and the frequency of human leptospirosis cases in Bantul District, Indonesia, spanning the years 2020 to 2023. Employing an ecological approach, the study scrutinized instances of leptospirosis obtained from the Health Department of Bantul District, alongside rainfall data trends from the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) specifically from Climatology Station with the ID WMO 96851. The outcomes disclosed a total of 489 instances of leptospirosis over the specified four-year duration, with a conspicuous upsurge in recent times. Through the application of linear regression analysis, a substantial affirmative correlation between rainfall and leptospirosis occurrences was unveiled, underscoring the impact of environmental elements on disease manifestation. These findings enrich comprehension regarding the nexus between precipitation patterns and the risk of leptospirosis in tropical areas, underscoring the necessity of incorporating environmental aspects into strategies to prevent and manage diseases.
The relationship between health insurance ownership and health service utilization, out-of-pocket expenses, and catastrophic health expenditure in the Special Region of Yogyakarta in 2023
Authors: Arviana Mestika Elok , Hafidz Firdaus , Setiyaningsih Hermawati
Published: October 2024

Creating financial protection for the Indonesian people is one of the main functions of Universal Health Coverage. Implementing health insurance is expected to protect society from out-of-pocket expenditures. Catastrophic health expenditure can result in various financial consequences. This study aims to determine the relationship between health insurance ownership in households in the Special Region of Yogyakarta and the utilization of health services, out-of-pocket expenses, and catastrophic health expenditures. Studies have shown that having health insurance was associated with increased utilization of inpatient (OR) 3.20 (95% CI 2.16 4.75) and outpatient (OR) 2.08 (95% CI 1.66 2.61) health services compared to household members who did not have health insurance. Ownership of Health Insurance has a significant effect on out-of-pocket health (p<0.05) and is also associated with a greater likelihood of preventing catastrophic health expenditure at the 25% threshold (OR) 0.80 (95% CI 0.68–0.94). Ownership of Health Insurance is proven to be related to increased utilization of inpatient and outpatient care and have a significant effect to potentially decrease Out-of-Pocket Health Costs. It is crucial to optimize and expand the National Health Insurance program, provide financial protection, and reduce the financial burden on households in Indonesia due to catastrophic health spending.
Stratégies de femmes entrepreneures dans les oasis de Ghardaïa en Algérie : s’adapter à un contexte patriarcal et saisir de nouvelles opportunités économiques
Authors: Bouzid Amel , Hamamouche Meriem Farah , Faysse Nicolas
Published: October 2024

Au Maghreb, les femmes entrepreneures font face à de nombreuses contraintes économiques, sociales et culturelles. Ces contraintes, identifiées dans de nombreuses études, limitent souvent fortement la capacité des femmes à initier leur projet d’entrepreneuriat et à le développer. L’étude analyse les stratégies menées par des femmes entrepreneures pour surmonter les différentes contraintes à leur activité économique. L’étude a été menée auprès de 40 femmes entrepreneures à Ghardaïa (sud de l’Algérie). Dans cette région oasienne, les normes sociales et culturelles sont marquées par le patriarcat et contraignent fortement l’accès des femmes à l’espace public. Les femmes entrepreneures interrogées ont développé des stratégies pour faire face aux contraintes économiques (comme la saturation du marché local en produits traditionnels) en valorisant mieux leurs produits et en créant des produits et services pour répondre aux nouvelles demandes de consommation. Elles ont aussi mobilisé des stratégies pour surmonter les contraintes socioculturelles, notamment en utilisant les outils numériques, en impliquant les hommes de leurs foyers familiaux dans leur projet d’entrepreneuriat, et en s’investissant dans de nouveaux espaces publics où la présence des femmes est acceptée. Ces différentes stratégies ont permis aux femmes de développer leurs activités économiques en s’adaptant aux normes locales plutôt qu’en entrant en conflit avec elles. Cependant, les activités développées restent en général dans le secteur informel. L’essor de cet entrepreneuriat se produit ainsi loin des dispositifs publics d’appui, qui bénéficient avant tout aux entreprises formellement établies.
Textilien: Zu kostbar zum Verbrennen
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: October 2024

Die Europäische Kommission plant, eine erweiterte Herstellerverantwortung mit Recyclingquoten für Textilien einzuführen. Auch Krankenhaustextilien sind von der neuen Regelung betroffen.
Concise Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted 1,6-Dihydropyridazine and Pyridazine Derivatives
Authors: Zhang Juan , Zhang Haiyan , Wang Zhen , Yao Weijun
Published: October 2024

A novel one-pot three-steps process has been developed, including phosphine-catalyzed Rauhut–Currier reaction of γ-alkyl allenoates, Diels–Alder reaction with di-tert-butyl azodicarboxylate, followed by deprotection of Boc group to prepare tetra-substituted 1,6-dihydropyridazines in good yields. The 1,6-dihydropyridazines were easily converted to pyridazine derivatives via oxidative aromatization by DDQ.
Brachial and Lumbosacral Plexopathies
Authors: Vazquez Do Campo Rocio
Published: October 2024

The brachial and lumbosacral plexuses are complex neural structures that transmit sensory, motor, and autonomic information between the spinal cord and the extremities. Plexus disorders can be particularly disabling because lesions in the plexus usually affect large groups of nerve fibers originating from several spinal levels. Electrodiagnostic studies are often required to confirm a plexus lesion and determine the extent of injury and prognosis. Magnetic resonance is the imaging modality of choice for detecting intrinsic nerve abnormalities; recently, high-resolution ultrasound has emerged as an alternative method for dynamic evaluation and visualization of internal nerve architecture. Once a plexopathy is confirmed, the list of possible etiologies is relatively limited and includes traumatic and nontraumatic causes. Treatment relies on symptom management and physical rehabilitation unless a treatable underlying condition is found. Surgical approaches, including nerve grafts or tendon transfers, may improve limb function when spontaneous recovery is suboptimal.
Density-profile imaging using a second harmonic dispersion interferometer configured with reflective-beam expanders
Authors: Wessel F. J. , Chavez C. T. , Egly A.
Published: October 2024

A Second-Harmonic Dispersion Interferometer (SHDI) is assembled to measure the two-dimensional, line-integrated density profile of a pulsed-plasma jet using probe-beam diameters well beyond the 1 mm diameters typically used in such instruments. An initial prototype demonstrated the technique using 7 mm beam diameters, which are now increased to 35 mm diameter using two types of beam expanders: an achromatic-beam expander (ABE) or a reflective-beam expander (RBE). ABEs were found to add a periodic background to the measured-phase image with a magnitude of the order of Δϕ ∼ 2π radians, compared to the background phase noise level in the system configured without beam expanders at Δϕbg ∼ 0.025 radians. Subtraction of the background phase in a sample image reduced the effect of the ABE phase offset to a level of Δϕ ∼ 0.1 radians, enhancing the quality of the density measurements. Reflective-beam expanders (RBEs) did not modify the background phase appreciably and were a significant improvement, allowing the instrument to be used for 2D (r, z) density-profile measurements of a 3 cm diameter × 5 cm long, pulsed-plasma jet. Variations in the timing parameters for the plasma gun, specifically the gas valve opening time and the gas-injection delay, for a constant discharge current were used to map the plasma gun’s performance, indicating a nominal line-integrated electron density of Nedl ≳ 3 × 1015 cm−2 and a volumetric density of Ne ≃ 9 × 1015 cm−3. The results obtained for the RBE configuration demonstrate that the 2D-SHDI platform may be scaled to even larger sample areas and a rep-rated system, with the ability to potentially provide for a reproducible, time-resolved (∼1 ns), high resolution (∼100μm) measurement of 2D plasma-density profiles.
The effects of Sb/Te ratio on crystallization kinetics in Ge-rich GeSbTe phase-change materials
Authors: Daoudi O. , Nolot E. , Mazel Y. , Dupraz M. , Roussel H. , Fillot F. , Le V.-H. , Dartois M. , Tessaire M. , Renevier H. , Navarro G.
Published: October 2024

The development of Ge-rich GeSbTe (GGST) alloys significantly enhanced the high-temperature stability required for Phase-Change Memory technology. Previous studies on Ge enrichment in GeSbTe (GST) materials with Sb-over-Te ratio lower than one (Sb/Te<1) highlighted the segregation into cubic Ge and cubic GST phases. Such a segregated cubic GST phase is metastable and presents a polycrystalline structure with disordered grain boundaries that could lead to structural relaxation and then to drift phenomena. In this work, using resistivity measurements, Raman spectroscopy, and in situ x-ray diffraction analyses, we demonstrate for the first time to our knowledge that GGST with Sb/Te higher than one (Sb/Te>1) upon annealing leads to the direct formation of a GST hexagonal phase featuring a high growth speed, bypassing the cubic metastable phase. Combined with Ge enrichment, the increased value of the activation energy of the nucleation of Sb/Te>1 GGST alloys ensures a high stability of the amorphous phase. Finally, nitrogen introduction further stabilizes the system against the crystallization, without compromising the high crystalline growth speed and the formation of the stable GST hexagonal phase in alloys with Sb/Te>1. These results demonstrate the possibility to tune the crystalline structure of the segregated phases in Ge-rich GeSbTe alloys, combining the stability at high temperature of the amorphous phase with the high crystallization speed and uniformity (with larger grains) of a targeted GST phase.
Study of ablation and shock generation across three orders of magnitude of laser intensity with 100 ps laser pulses
Authors: Parsons S. E. , Armstrong M. R. , Lee H. J. , Gleason A. E. , Goncharov A. F. , Belof J. , Prakapenka V. , Granados E. , Beg F. N. , Radousky H. B.
Published: October 2024

The laser ablation and subsequent shock generation in solid targets plays an important role in a variety of research topics from equation of state models for materials to inertial confinement fusion. One of the long-standing issues is the knowledge of ablation depth in the picosecond time regime. We report on a direct technique for determining the ablation depth in aluminum using x-ray diffraction data from Linac Coherent Light Source at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. This technique gives a direct measurement of the shock wave propagation in the bulk target, enabling an ability to discern early timescale physics from late timescale effects not available in postmortem analysis. We find that the ablation depths only vary by 0.2 μm across three orders of magnitude of laser intensity, while the pressure increased by a factor of 10 following a square root dependence on laser pulse energy. We further observe that the ablation depth in this intensity range (1011–1013 W/cm2 in intensity, corresponding to 0.8–80 J/cm2 in fluence) cannot be modeled by a universal scaling law, given the complexity of the mechanisms governing laser ablation in this intensity regime.
Microscopic mechanisms of diffusion dynamics: A comparative efficiency study of event-chain Monte Carlo variants in dense hard disk systems
Authors: Mugita Daigo , Isobe Masaharu
Published: October 2024

In molecular simulations, efficient methods for investigating equilibration and slow relaxation in dense systems are crucial yet challenging. This study focuses on the diffusional characteristics of monodisperse hard disk systems at equilibrium, comparing novel methodologies of event-chain Monte Carlo variants, specifically the Newtonian event-chain and straight event-chain algorithms. We systematically analyze both event-based and CPU time-based efficiency in liquid and solid phases, aiming to elucidate the microscopic mechanisms underlying structural relaxation. Our results demonstrate how chain length or duration, system size, and phase state influence the efficiency of diffusion dynamics, including hopping motion. This work provides insights into optimizing simulation techniques for highly packed systems and has the potential to improve our understanding of diffusion dynamics even in complex many-body systems.
Analysis of the unsteady flow characteristics of underwater supersonic gaseous jets
Authors: Xu Haiyu , Liu Richen , Wang Cong
Published: October 2024

To examine the unsteady flow characteristics of underwater supersonic gaseous jets under different jet expansion conditions, a sophisticated numerical model is created. This model accurately predicts the intricate multiphase flow by considering the compressibility of the jet gas and energy exchange, which is then rigorously validated against experimental data. The development process of underwater supersonic gaseous jets displays notably unsteady features in terms of jet morphology, flow structure, and various flow field parameters when compared to atmospheric conditions. The unsteady phenomena, such as necking, breaking, bulging, and back-attack, are observed alongside significant pressure pulsations. These unsteady phenomena occur at a considerable distance from the nozzle exit under under-expanded conditions, while pressure pulsations do not impact the internal gas flow within the nozzle. However, under full-expanded and over-expanded conditions, unsteady phenomena near the nozzle exit lead to oscillatory pressure, causing shock waves to propagate inside the nozzle. This results in a notable increase in internal pressure pulsation and mass flow rate within the nozzle, ultimately affecting engine performance significantly.
Innovative optimization of parabolic cavitators: Improving hydrodynamic efficiency and supercavity qualitycavitatio
Authors: Fadaei Rodi Ramin , Kamali Hossein Ali , Pasandidehfard Mahmoud
Published: October 2024

Minimizing drag on the cavitator is essential in hydrodynamic research and for improving the performance of objects used in marine environments. This study focuses on optimizing a parabolic cavitator and analyzing the cavities it generates in detail. First, the key factors for optimizing the cavitator were identified using the Taguchi method. Based on these factors, the three-dimensional shape of the cavitator was numerically simulated, and the hydrodynamic forces acting on it were calculated with consideration of cavitation. The optimized cavitator shape was then identified through further analysis using the Taguchi method and was experimentally tested to confirm its real-world performance. Subsequently, the characteristics of artificial cavitation behind the improved cavitator were examined both experimentally and numerically across various ventilation coefficients. The experiments included high-speed imaging and pressure measurements to capture the dynamics of cavity formation and collapse, while numerical simulations were performed using a k-omega shear stress transport turbulence model and a volume of fluid approach to accurately predict the phase interface. The results highlight the importance of the cavitator's incidence angle and the distance from its nose to its base in the optimization process. Moreover, the analysis shows that pressure fluctuations are significantly more intense at the point where the cavity closes than within the cavity itself. Additionally, the findings indicate that the supercavity characteristics generated by this optimized cavitator are 10% better than those produced by other cavitators, contributing to reduced drag and improved hydrodynamic efficiency.
A kinematic analysis of flow dynamics and aerodynamic performance in the clap-and-fling motion
Authors: Ahmed Farhanuddin , कलभावी वधि राज  , Arora Nipun
Published: October 2024

This study is focused toward the analysis of fluid dynamics associated with the clap-and-fling motion of insect wings. In this regard, a numerical framework based on a moving non-uniform grid block and the multi-relaxation time lattice Boltzmann method is utilized. This study investigates the impact of key kinematic parameters such as angle of attack α0 (20°–50°), percentage overlap between pitching and sweeping ξ (0%–100%), and the Reynolds number Re (20–200), on the aerodynamic lift, drag, and power requirements. A data-driven reduced order model is proposed that accurately predicts the instantaneous lift [CL(t)] and drag [CD(t)] that enabled a parametric analysis of their cycle-averaged or mean values. Based on this analysis, ξ is identified as the most influential parameter for enhancing lift, while Re is most effective in reducing power and drag. The leading and trailing edge vortices during the pitch and sweep phases play a crucial role in directly affecting CL(t). These effects are highlighted for various parameters through the examination of vortex patterns and pressure contours. Wing–wake interaction is found to augment cycle-averaged lift as ξ increases but is detrimental at high values of α0. Additionally, a set of Pareto-optimal solutions representing the ideal kinematics that maximize lift for a given input power is presented, offering valuable insight for the design and advancement of future flapping wing aerial vehicles.
(GaAs/InAs)–GaAsSb digital alloy type-II superlattice for extended short-wavelength infrared detection
Authors: Kato Takashi , Murata Makoto , Balasekaran Sundararajan , Iguchi Yasuhiro , Nakayama Yojiro , Souma Satofumi
Published: October 2024

GaInAs–GaAsSb type-II superlattices (T2SLs) on an InP substrate are promising candidates for an optical absorption layer in the extended short-wavelength region (2–3 μm), offering more flexibility in designing a cutoff wavelength compared to strained GaInAs bulk material. However, T2SL-based photodetectors inherently suffer from lower quantum efficiency (QE) due to the reduced overlap of the wavefunctions of the conduction and valence bands in the optical matrix element of the T2SL. To improve QE, a (GaAs/InAs)–GaAsSb digital alloy T2SL, which replaces the GaInAs random alloy layer in the GaInAs–GaAsSb T2SL with a GaAs/InAs digital alloy, has been proposed recently by an empirical tight-binding calculation. This paper presents a demonstration of a fabricated photodetector using the (GaAs/InAs)–GaAsSb digital alloy grown on an InP substrate by molecular beam epitaxy and shows that the average QE in the wavelength region of 2.3–2.6 μm is approximately 1.6 times higher than that of a conventional GaInAs–GaAsSb T2SL photodetector. Furthermore, the dark-current density of the digital alloy photodetector is lower than that of the GaInAs–GaAsSb T2SL photodetector despite having a longer cutoff wavelength.
Characterizing nodule motion in abyssal environments induced by double-row jets: A machine learning approach
Authors: Zhang Xian , Wu Zheng-Qi , Ma Ning , Chen Xu-Guang , Lu Qing-Qing , Gao Cheng-Wei , Lv Rui
Published: October 2024

Double-row hydraulic collectors are extensively utilized for deep-sea polymetallic nodule harvesting. Understanding the movement behavior of particles within the flow field is crucial for evaluating the efficiency collection system and guiding the design of deep-sea hydraulic collectors. This study first investigates the settling characteristics of particles in various deep-sea environments to assess the effects of high-pressure and low-temperature conditions on particle motion. Subsequently, the motion and force characteristics of particles under different double-row jet parameters were measured and analyzed in the laboratory using high-speed imaging. The results indicate that ambient pressure has a negligible effect on particle motion when the ambient temperature is considered. Particle is mainly lifted in an irregular spiral path by the turbulence of the upper fountain. The lifting height or force of a particle in the vertical direction is positively correlated with the frequency of horizontal fluctuations and inversely related to the average amplitude of these fluctuations. Finally, a neural network was constructed to predict the particle motion characteristics, demonstrating strong generalization and providing a reference for further use of artificial intelligence in extracting physical information of particles from the jet field. This study offers potential benefits for optimizing the design of the double-row jet collectors.
Excluding the migrant Other via resistance and inclusion
Authors: Karachaliou Rania
Published: October 2024

In the present study, I investigate the construction of otherness in the Greek anti-racist short film
Jafar. Drawing on Critical Discourse Studies, I argue that although the film appears to combat racism, it
simultaneously reproduces practices of discrimination. This contradiction is achieved via liquid racism, namely a
multi-layered and, thus, difficult to detect form of racism (Weaver 2011, 2016). More specifically, by combining Kress and van
Leeuwen’s (2006) grammar of visual design with Bucholtz and Hall’s (2005)
model for identities-in-interaction, I show that the film allows two different representations of otherness: (i) the caring Other,
which resists the stereotype of the criminal migrant (anti-racist positioning) and (ii) the useful Other, which regulates migrant
inclusion via eligibility criteria of usefulness (racist positioning).
“It’s a teacher’s dream to have something this engaging”
Authors: Nilsson Maria
Published: October 2024

Scholars in the field of primary English teaching advocate the use of authentic picturebooks, for reasons related
to language development and more holistic goals of primary education. Picturebook read-alouds facilitate joint meaning-making and
interactions around interesting content that motivate young learners to learn about themselves and others. Nevertheless,
picturebooks are rarely used in early English instruction. To address this discrepancy, the current study illuminates the
perspectives of primary teachers of English and their experiences of picturebook read-alouds. Three teachers, who were not used to
working with authentic multimodal narratives in class, chose two titles each to use with their respective groups in school year 5
in Sweden, with learners aged 11/12. Interviews were conducted after each read-aloud. Findings reveal that the teachers were
positive about the potential of picturebook read-alouds, and the analysis generated four categories illustrating these benefits:
(1) learner engagement and motivation, (2) authenticity, (3) catering to various needs in mixed-ability groups, and (4) target
language learning and use. Issues related to classroom management and control were also addressed. The findings offer valuable
insight into the potential of picturebook read-alouds, and carry implications for the advancement of pedagogy in early language
education.
Format as the locus of negotiating media procedures
Authors: Schildhauer Peter , Brock Alexander
Published: October 2024

This article suggests a conceptual framework which can be used to trace the negotiation of media
procedures. For this purpose, we extend a model of communication form (Brock and Schildhauer 2017) by incorporating the component format as the
place where the use of medial affordances and genre patterns is negotiated for specific, situated use in a given
community. We argue that these negotiation process can be described along the dimensions of scope, explicitness as
well as emergence and provide a micro-analysis of various sequences of a Zoom seminar session to
provide some empirical grounding for our considerations. The analysis illustrates various combinations of the
dimensions suggested. Thus, it not only provides fresh insights into how participants negotiate media procedures
in situ, but also substantiates the models of communication form and
format empirically.
Media as cookie cutters
Authors: Pfurtscheller Daniel
Published: October 2024

Digital platforms are increasingly defining the way media content looks and is experienced. In this
paper, I use Schneider and Luginbühl’s (2020) notion of medial shaping to
analyze the presentation of news on Instagram. My aim is to show how the mediality of digital platforms leads to a
convergence of digital news in terms of its linguistic structure and multimodal design. To further the specific
factors within digital mediality that make such shaping processes possible, I will also examine the metaphorical
concept of platforms. Using three German-language news sites as examples, my qualitative analysis explores how the
characteristics of the platform lead to a homo­geneity of media communication. I approach Instagram as a designed
space that I examine in terms of spatiality, temporality, and intertextuality. My analysis of digital medialty shows
how the technological capabilities and design features of Instagram shapes the presentation of news on a linguistic
and visual level but also how media practitioners strive to creatively utilize the given platform templates for their
own communicative purposes.
Shortcomings and challenges in the intersection of L2 pedagogy and applied cognitive linguistics
Authors: Llopis-García Reyes , Alonso-Aparicio Irene
Published: October 2024

This paper aims to explore the shortcomings and challenges of Applied Cognitive Linguistics (ACL) in L2 classrooms
and research. It examines the main issues and presents a case study with three quasi-experimental classroom studies. These
experiments taught the Spanish past simple tenses using approaches informed by Cognitive Linguistics and Communicative Language
Teaching, plus a control group, through a pretest/posttest design. Results favored cognitive-pedagogical instruction, but only in
one production task (Alonso-Aparicio & Llopis-García, 2019). Subsequent studies
replicated and extended the first, with further changes in instruction and assessment design, but found no significant differences
between experimental groups in the posttest. The discussion highlights the steps taken to ensure study success, pointing out
shortcomings in traditional assessment tests that favor notional-functional instruction. We suggest alternative testing tasks that
consider cognitive-based approaches and new avenues for future research, aligning with Martín-Gascón et al. (2023).
Global induced local network for infrared: dim small target detection
Authors: Li Junying , Hou Xiaorong
Published: October 2024

It is challenging to detect infrared dim targets submerged in complicated backgrounds due to their small size and faint intensity. The previous attention-based detection networks frequently require global long-range dependence. Significant calculations are required to determine the target’s sparse but meaningful position. To prevent wasting calculations on the background, this paper offers a detection network guided by global context for local feature learning, named global induced local network (GILNet). It designs a global location module (GLM) and a local feature interaction module (LFIM) to capture the global position and features of targets, respectively. More specifically, using global context interaction, the GLM finds the region that might contain dim small targets, that is, the coarse location. In the coarsely located regions, the LFIM further acquires feature information about targets. Next, we also design an eight-directional attention operation to obtain the contour information of targets in the low feature map. It is fused with the high feature map in the multi-directional feature fusion module, which retains more semantic and spatial information about targets. Finally, quantitative and qualitative analysis show that the GILNet performs better than eight comparison methods on two public datasets.
A fault diagnosis method of rolling bearings based on masking differential iterative filtering and Euclidean mixed entropy
Authors: Wang Youming , Yang Xing , Jiao Shiting
Published: October 2024

The capture of uncertainty from nonlinear and nonstationary sensor data is significant for rolling bearing fault diagnosis, which can greatly reduce the probability of rolling bearing failure throughout the life cycle. To address the problem, a feature extraction method based on masking differential iterative filtering and Euclidean mixed entropy (MDIF-EME) is proposed for rolling bearing fault diagnosis in complex environments. Firstly, a MDIF algorithm is presented to extract the random uncertain features and reduce noise interference, where a pair of masking signals is added into the raw signal. Secondly, a EME algorithm based on Euclidean distance between the multiscale permutation entropy and the multiscale dispersion entropy is proposed to detect the performance uncertainty of mode decomposition by capturing both temporal and dynamical features. Finally, the mixed entropy feature set is input into the Gaussian weighted k-nearest neighbor for multi-fault identification. The superiority of the MDIF-EME approach is the fusion of random uncertainty in signals and performance uncertainty in the mode decomposition, which improves noise robustness and feature extraction capability. The experimental results show that the method achieves the best performance with an average accuracy of 95.17% for bearing composite fault diagnosis and outperforms other related methods.
A hybrid model based on novel SVM-SVR and weighted combination strategy for build-up rate prediction
Authors: Wang Hongyu , Geng Yanfeng , Zhang Menghua , Wang Weiliang , Yang Yisen , Qian Haiyu , Xi Chaoyue
Published: October 2024

The build-up rate prediction is of great importance for trajectory control in the field of drilling. However, it is very difficult to achieve accurate prediction due to the complexity, nonlinearity, and multiple uncertainties of the drilling system. As a consequence, a novel hybrid prediction model is proposed, which uses multiple feature selection methods, the model combination strategy based on machine learning, and three prediction models to improve the prediction accuracy of the build-up rate. More precisely, correlation analysis, importance analysis, and statistical analysis are employed to ensure the effectiveness of feature selection. Then, a novel classification prediction model called support vector machine-support vector regression (SVM-SVR) is proposed to improve the accuracy of samples with the higher build-up rate. Subsequently, the SVR optimized by grey wolf optimizer (GWO-SVR) and back propagation (BP) neural network are constructed. Finally, the three models are integrated by a weighted combination method based on SVR to realize the accurate prediction of the build-up rate. To verify the performance of the hybrid model, the data of the Z48 well in Sichuan province is used, and the results show that the hybrid model can reduce by 22.7% in mean absolute error and 32% in mean square error when compared with the existing models.