bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Case Report: Acute peritonitis inaugurating Crohn's disease with spontaneous perforation in the peritoneal cavity
Authors: Belhadj Anis , Khefacha Fahd , OMRY Ahmed , Touati Med Dheker , Saidani Ahmed , Chebbi Faouzi
Published: September 2023

Background: Crohn's Disease is a chronic, idiopathic, and transmural inflammatory condition that mainly affects the distal ileum. It is characterized by intricate pathophysiology and numerous complications, some of which can be fatal. In this report, we present a case study of acute generalized peritonitis resulting from the perforation of a distal ileal loop, inaugurating the diagnosis of Crohn's disease.

Case presentation: A 43-year-old patient presented with a clinical presentation of acute peritonitis. He had a one-year history of intermittent abdominal pain and diarrhea. As the maximum pain was in the right iliac fossa, an acute appendicitis complicated with peritonitis was considered and the patient underwent laparoscopic exploration, without morphologic exploration. Peroperative observation found an inflamed conglomerate of small bowel loops associated with sclerolipomatosis, and purulent peritonitis by perforation of a distal ileal loop, 40 cm from the ileocaecal valve. A peritoneal toilet, ileocaecal resection, and ileo-colostomy were performed. The postoperative course was uneventful.

Discussion: Various complications may arise during the evolution of Crohn’s disease. However, fatal complication such as generalized peritonitis leading to the diagnosis is rare. The underlying pathophysiology of free perforation remains unknown. The most common site affected is the terminal ileum. The surgical treatment is based on a limited resection of the affected bowel segment, followed by a temporary stoma. A primary anastomosis can be performed in selected patients.

Conclusion: Perforative peritonitis as an initial presentation of Crohn's disease is challenging. Surgery is obviously required for acute peritonitis, with limited resection with or without anastomosis.
The relationship of perceived discrimination in healthcare and future falls among community-dwelling older persons from an English longitudinal cohort
Authors: Sandoval Garrido Felipe Alfonso , Bolt Timothy , Taniguchi Yuta , Lloyd-Sherlock Peter
Published: September 2023

Background: The objective of this study is to examine the relation between the perceived discrimination suffered by older adults aged 60 and over during a healthcare encounter and its effects on the likelihood of falling 4 and 8 years later.  

Methods: To identify discrimination, we used the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) data collected in 2010-2011 (wave 5) that asked respondents about feeling discriminated against by doctors or at hospitals in the past year. Falls were assessed by the question: “Have you fallen down in the last two years?” in subsequent waves. We performed longitudinal analyses using the 2014-2015 (wave 7) and 2018-2019 (wave 9) follow-ups. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios of falling. 

Results: At baseline, 707 (15.1%) of all respondents experienced healthcare discrimination. Those suffering from discrimination in health care had 64% higher chances of falling 4 years later (odds ratio: 1.637, 95% confidence interval: 1.131-2.368) compared to those who did not, adjusting for age, sex, marital status, wealth, ethnicity, education levels, self-perceived health, depressive symptoms, and difficulties with basic and/or instrumental activities of daily living (ADL/IADL) and difficulties with walking. After 8 years, the effect was not statistically significant. Older age was the only significant detrimental factor at both 4 and 8 years.  

Conclusions: Understanding discrimination in health care is important to enable safe and welcoming environments for the timely future use of services. These results remind us of the physical risk and the complex panorama of bio-psychosocial determinants involved in tackling discrimination over time.
Rhyme in dróttkvætt, from Old Germanic Inheritance to Contemporary Poetic Ecology I: Overview and Argument
Authors: Frog
Published: September 2023

This paper is the first in a three-part series or tryptic that argues for the Old Germanic origins of rhyme in the Old Norse dróttkvætt meter. This meter requires rhymes on the stressed syllables of two words within a six-position line, irrespective of the syllables that follow. This first instalment introduces both the Old Germanic poetic form and the dróttkvætt meter. It outlines the background of the discussion and presents the basic argument. The second instalment presents a portrait of rhyme in Old Germanic meters outside of Old Norse, providing foundations for viewing rhyme as an inherited part of the Old Germanic poetic system. That portrait highlights the use of rhymes including the stressed vowel within a short line and the tendency to use such rhymes in the b-line, corresponding to the rhymes in even lines of dróttkvætt. The third instalment turns to dróttkvætt within its poetic ecology, beginning with a portrayal of rhyme in Old Norse eddic poetries, followed by dróttkvætt in relation to its contemporary poetic ecology and unravelling its impacts on that ecology, gradually working backward to a perspective on the ecology in which it emerged.
The Metrics of Four Czech Poets in Russian Translations
Authors: Tveryanovich Ksenia , Kolár Robert
Published: September 2023

The paper considers the poetry of four Czech authors – František Gellner, Viktor Dyk, Karel Toman, and Fráňa Šrámek – in their Russian-language translations. Based on known published translations made by 17 Russian translators throughout the 20th century, it describes their metrical and stanzaic forms in comparison with the original Czech poems. The description and comparative analysis serve to consider a number of questions, including which of the Czech forms appear most attractive to Russian translators, which formal elements are typically preserved and which are significantly altered in the translations, and how Russian readers’ overall perception of the four Czech poets and their oeuvres is shaped through the choices made by translators, in terms of versification.
Organization of Effective Career Guidance at School
Authors: Frolova Svetlana
Published: September 2023

Career guidance work at school, namely the pedagogical support of professional self-determination of schoolchildren, has always been the main mission of a general educational organization. From September 01, 2023, a career guidance minimum is being introduced at various levels in all educational organizations. The article presents the experience of one of the schools of the Moscow region in the implementation of the advanced level, since it describes the interaction with social partners, work with the provided Internet resources, in particular "Ticket to the Future", "Abilimpics". The article focuses on one of the most important components of the system of career guidance work at school - a developing career guidance environment, the technology for creating which is described in stages. The material will be useful to pedagogical and executive workers who organize career guidance work.
Crítica y problematicidad del pensamiento metafísico. Un diálogo en el pliegue de Heidegger y Deleuze.
Authors: Díaz Arroyo José Luis
Published: September 2023

Partiendo del mapa del problema de la “superación” de la metafísica en el texto Überwindung der Metaphysik de Martin Heidegger, querríamos dar voz a Leibniz a través de las interpretaciones del pliegue barroco de Gilles Deleuze, en lo que toca al campo problemático que atañe a la crítica de Kant a Leibniz en la Anfibología de los conceptos de la reflexión de KrV. Y ello, especialmente en torno a la noción de mónada, a través de un diálogo entre Heidegger y Deleuze. Si del primero señalaremos a algunos textos y cursos en referencia al problema del fundamento y a la propia comprensión henológica de la mónada, del segundo atenderemos principalmente al texto Le pli – Leibniz et le Barroque.
A contribuição de Heidegger para superação da determinação metafísica da Liberdade, tomada enquanto fundamento incondicionado, e a sua abertura de um novo acesso para a investigação da verdade do Ser. Parte I.
Authors: Rutigliano Francisca
Published: September 2023

Abordaremos aqui a problemática da Liberdade no contexto histórico de sua discussão no âmbito do Pensamento metafísico do Ser –âmbito formalizado pela primeira vez pela Filosofia de Platão e de Aristóteles. O nosso intuito é mostrar em linhas gerais como a partir do pressuposto da incondicionalidade, tomada enquanto a determinação fundamental da Liberdade, o Pensamento moderno angaria a configuração do Ser na forma da Subjetividade. Tomamos a questão da Liberdade como fio condutor desta investigação porque compreendemos que tal questão põe o ponto de partida o mais genuíno para a investigação do estabelecimento das formas da Subjetividade pretendidas pelo Pensamento moderno. Encaminharemos nossa explanação indicando as perspectivas através das quais o Pensamento grego, medieval e moderno contemplou a incondicionalidade no âmbito da problemática do Ser. Aberto o contexto problemático sobre o qual se desdobra a questão da incondicionalidade, passaremos a abordar o papel atribuído à Liberdade pela Filosofia de Kant e de Schelling na determinação do Ser de todo.
La voz del colectivo gitano frente a la vulnerabilidad provocada por la Covid-19. Análisis multidimensional.
Authors: Amaro Agudo Ana , Martínez-Heredia Nazaret , González-Gijón, Gracia , Córdoba Rodríguez Joaquín
Published: September 2023

Actualmente vivimos en una realidad cada vez más compleja y diversa que desafía las formas tradicionales de construir e implementar las políticas sociales. El objetivo principal de esta investigación se centra en analizar el impacto multidimensional que la pandemia ha provocado en las familias gitanas de 7 municipios de la Vega de Granada (España), así como determinar, de forma exploratoria, los límites y las estrategias seguidas para afrontar los retos que ha provocado dicha pandemia a cuatro niveles (educativo, laboral, sanitario y de índole social). Los resultados del trabajo se extraen a partir de un estudio inicial sobre el impacto de la COVID-19 en familias gitanas de la Vega. Este estudio fue elaborado por los/as técnicos y técnicas del Plan Integral de la Comunidad Gitana de Andalucía, que gestiona el Consorcio Vega Sierra-Elvira y que comprende los municipios de Atarfe, Íllora, Pinos Puentes, Santa Fe, Fuente Vaqueros, Colomera y Lachar, con investigadores/as del Departamento de Pedagogía de la Universidad de Granada, el Centro Sociocultural Gitano Andaluz y la asociación de mujeres gitanas ROMÍ. Esta investigación, financiada por el programa de Apoyo y Fomento a la Investigación en Materia de Igualdad, Inclusión y Sostenibilidad Social y desde la línea de desarrollo local, de la Universidad de Granada, presenta los resultados obtenidos de la evaluación de los cambios identificados en los niveles estudiados (educación, salud, inclusión, empleo) así como, en las políticas implementadas para paliar la situación provocada por la Covid-19
„Ukraina – państwo upadłe” jako uzasadnienie rosyjskiej agresji
Authors: Portnyi Yevhenii
Published: September 2023

The author of the chapter outlined the theoretical characteristics of the concept of a ‘failed state’ and then categorised Russian arguments about Ukraine being a failed state. They were divided into four groups: security arguments, political arguments, historical arguments and arguments of an economic nature. The above groups of arguments refer to G. Gil’s three parameters of a failed state: security deficit (security arguments), legitimacy deficit (political and historical arguments) and capacity deficit (economic arguments). The author concludes that Russia is instrumental in using arguments about the collapse of the Ukrainian state to justify aggression against a ‘brotherly nation’ in this way. Moreover, such Russian arguments as the unfair elections in Ukraine, the lack of legitimacy of the authorities or the poor state of the Ukrainian economy could just as well be used to characterise the internal situation in Russia itself.
Przebieg wielowymiarowej konfrontacji między Rosją a Ukrainą. Studium wydarzeń lat 2014-2022
Authors: Portnyi Yevhenii , Kozlov Roman , Verbovetska Anastasiya
Published: September 2023

The multifaceted nature of the Russian-Ukrainian confrontation is the problem discussed in this chapter. The armed conflict that began back in 2014 has evolved into a full-scale war between the two states, the consequences of which will affect the entire international system. The authors described the levels (military, economic, social, political and diplomatic) on which the Russian-Ukrainian confrontation took place. One of the objectives of the chapter was to identify the characteristics of the different phases of this war both before the full-scale invasion (2022) and after. The authors concluded that the primary objective of Russian policy towards Ukraine was the political and military subjugation of the country, which in practice was to deprive Ukraine of its sovereignty. This policy was a manifestation of the revisionism and neo-imperialism inherent in the Kremlin’s concept of the so-called “Russian world”.
„Kryzys humanitarny” czy zbrodnie przeciwko ludzkości?
Authors: Helysh Mariana
Published: September 2023

Since 2014, with the start of military operations in Ukraine by Russia, especially in the territory of Donbass, the inhabitants have been experiencing various kinds of inconveniences that not only do not allow them to continue their normal lifestyle, but even force them to fight for survival, i.e. the ability to meet basic human needs. Since February 24, 2022, the Ukrainian citizens have been experiencing daily terrors from the Russian army throughout its territory. Torture of prisoners of war, bombing of civilian infrastructure, deliberate restriction of access to water, food and medicine – these are criminal activities under international law. The purpose of this article is to provide evidence that the Russian army’s actions deliberately exacerbate the humanitarian crisis that has occurred as a result of the war and bear the hallmarks of war crimes through an institutional-legal analysis. As an additional source of information, there is the Ukrainian media and Western discourse. Unfortunately, in the current circumstances, punishing crimes or implementing basic measures to mitigate the effects of the crisis seems impossible if you have Russia as an adversary, which acts according to its own rules.
Rosja w obliczu sankcji gospodarczych po rosyjskiej inwazji na Ukrainę w 2022 roku
Authors: Kosowska Katarzyna
Published: September 2023

After the invasion of Ukraine on February 24, Russia faced unprecedented harsh sanctions from the West. So far, the EU has launched seven sanction packages against Russia. They included the financial system, trade, logistics and energy cooperation. The US also introduced a number of restrictions on Russia. As a result of Russia’s isolation from a large part of the international market, uncertainty for foreign trade participants has risen to a critical level. Many foreign companies have suspended their operations in Russia due to the instability of the ruble, uncertainty about the supply chains and fear of sanctions. This article systematizes the material on the West’s economic restrictions on Russia and analyzes their impact on the Russian society and economy in the short and medium term.
Próba bilansu strat stron w wojnie rosyjsko-ukraińskiej (od 24 lutego do 14 października 2022 r.)
Authors: Broda Bolesław , Lasek Eryk
Published: September 2023

With the emergence of the Russian Federation’s widespread invasion of Ukraine the eyes of world’s public opinion have turned to Eastern Europe once again. The conflict has prompted people around the world to rethink and re-establish the widely known principles and patterns that have guided international politics. The purpose of this study is to investigate information concerning the balance of losses of each side of the conflict in manpower, military equipment and infrastructure. Using an open-source intelligence analysis mainly through desktop research and literature review the study analysed the data about losses and damages of each side and tried to measure their objectivity. The results indicated that the information published by different parties and stakeholders is not consistent with each other. The reader will also be able to see the conclusions drawn by the authors regarding what information is shared, how it is shared and the ultimate purpose of making it available.
Prioritization of Species Status Assessments for Decision Support
Authors: Goode Ashley B. C. , Rivenbark Erin , Gilbert Jessica A. , McGowan Conor P.
Published: September 2023

Species status assessments are used to inform U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) decision making for Endangered Species Act (ESA) classification decisions, recovery planning, and more. The large number of species that require assessment and uncertainty in the data available impede the process of assigning and completing the assessments, which makes creating a multiyear work plan extremely difficult. An optimized triaging system that maximizes the use of the best available information while managing the complex ESA workload and meeting deadlines is necessary. We used a structured decision-making framework to approach the problem with the goal of creating a prioritization tool that would be effective at scheduling assessments, given the best information available and priorities of the USFWS. We collected data on the species awaiting assessment and developed a value function that incorporates existing deadlines, taxonomic uncertainty, controversy of the species, and population and habitat data availability and quality. We used a constrained linear optimization algorithm to maximize the value function and ensure that workload capacity was not exceeded. A comparison of model scenarios indicates that imposed deadlines impact the model more than capacity constraints. Additionally, differential weighting of the metrics significantly affected the outcome of the model. In the future, elicitation of metric weights should be done routinely before the model is run for use in official planning to ensure alignment with current USFWS priorities. Output from this optimization can be used to inform a five-year work plan, allocate resources, and discuss workforce decisions.

History: This paper has been accepted for the Decision Analysis Special Issue on Decision Analysis to Advance Environmental Sustainability.

Funding: This work was funded via an inter-agency agreement between the USFWS and the USGS and subsequently by a Research Work Order contract between the USGS and the University of Florida [Grant G21AC00016].
Unicyclic graphs and the inertia of the squared distance matrix
Authors: Howell Christian , Kempton Mark , Sandall Kellon , Sinkovic John
Published: September 2023

A result of Bapat and Sivasubramanian gives the inertia of the squared distance matrix of a tree. We develop general tools on how pendant vertices and vertices of degree 2 affect the inertia of the squared distance matrix and use these to give an alternative proof of this result. We further use these tools to extend this result to certain families of unicyclic graphs, and we explore how far these results can be extended.
Biotransformation of dioxins by assembling RW1 upper pathway gene cassettes in Escherichia coli
Authors: MUTTER THAMER Y. , ZYLSTRA GERBEN J. , HUANG XING
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Mutter TY, Zylstra GJ, Huang X. 2023. Biotransformation of dioxins by assembling RW1 upper pathway gene cassettes in Escherichia coli. Biodiversitas 24: 3648-3656. Rhizorhabdus wittichii RW1 (formerly known as Sphingomonas) is one of the few bacterial strains known to grow and metabolize dibenzofuran and dibenzo-p-dioxin as a carbon source. The rare ability of strain RW1 to transform both substrates suggests the involvement of unidentified genes. Its genome sequence showed that RW1 has an extreme redundancy of ring cleavage dioxygenases and hydrolases. RW1 genes were assembled on an expression vector to provide additional experimental evidence that both substrates are metabolized in RW1 by two different sets of hydrolases. Three different combinations of the ring cleavage dioxygenase gene (dbfB2) with three hydrolases (dxnB1, dxnB2, and dxnB3) were cloned on an expression vector (pET30a) in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), and the enzymes' roles were tested against DD and DF transformation. The results of the heterologous expression in E. coli showed that DbfB2 can transform both intermediates 2,2?,3-trihydroxybiphenyl (THD) and 2,2?,3-trihydroxybiphenyl ether (THDE) from DF and DD, respectively. The two hydrolases DxnB1 and DxnB2 are involved only in transforming the DF intermediate 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-hexa-2,4-dienoate (2OH-HOPDA) into salicylate. The newly identified hydrolase DxnB3 is involved only in transforming 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-(2-hydroxyphenoxy)-hexa-2,4-dienoate (2OH-O-HOPDA) into catechol in the DD pathway. The study clarifies and answers the question regarding the rare ability of other organisms that can degrade dibenzofuran but can’t degrade dibenzo-p-dioxin. The results showed that the hydrolases involved in DD degradation differ from those involved in DF degradation, as previously known that the same hydrolases are involved in the two pathways. All genes are assembled on one cassette for the first time, which has never been done previously.
Chemical constituents and antioxidant activity of Britton's wild petunia (Ruellia brittoniana) flower
Authors: SIANTURI GRACIA LASMA ROHANA , TRISNAWATI ELYNA WAHYU , KOKETSU MAMORU , SURYANTI VENTY
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Sianturi GLR, Trisnawati EW, Koketsu M, Suryanti V. 2023. Chemical constituents and antioxidant activity of Britton's wild petunia (Ruellia brittoniana) flower. Biodiversitas 24: 3665-3672. Britton's wild petunia orkencana ungu (Ruellia brittoniana), which has purple flowers, is widely used as a decorative plant. Isolation and structure determination of the antioxidant compound of R. brittoniana flower were carried out. Extraction was carried out by maceration, and compound isolation was conducted by column chromatography. Structure elucidation was accomplished by FTIR, NMR, and MS Spectrometry. Apigenin (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone) was isolated from the B1 fraction using chloroform: methanol (10: 1) eluent. Fraction A1, obtained from elution by chloroform: methanol (10: 0), consisted of 24 compounds. Two compounds were identified as 1-hexadecanol and 1-phenyl ethanone, which have antioxidant properties of fraction A1. Fraction B2 was eluted by chloroform: methanol (10:1), consisting of 20 compounds. A compound was identified as 2-methoxy phenol, contributingto the antioxidant properties of fraction B2. The total phenolic content of R. brittoniana flower extract was 1.033 mg GAE/g, and its total anthocyanin content was 16.97%. Fractions A1 and B2 possessed strong antioxidant activities due to their phenolic compounds. Apigenin has three -OH groups in the 4’, 5, and 7 positions; only the -OH group at the 4’ position contributes to its antioxidant activity. Therefore, apigenin has moderate antioxidant activity by DPPH assay. The modification structure of apigenin needs further study to enhance its antioxidant activity. This research shows that R. brittoniana flower can be a source of apigenin, also known to have anticancer properties.
Isolation of endophytic fungi from Hiyung chili peppers of local South Kalimantan (Indonesia) varieties and in vitro tolerance to acidic environment
Authors: IMANINGSIH WITIYASTI , EKOWATI NURAENI , SALAMIAH SALAMIAH , RATNANINGTYAS NUNIEK INA , SOESANTO LOEKAS
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Imaningsih W, Ekowati N, Salamiah, Ratnaningtyas NI, Soesanto L. 2023. Isolation of endophytic fungi from Hiyung chili peppers of local South Kalimantan (Indonesia) varieties and in vitro tolerance to acidic environment. Biodiversitas 24: 3844-3852. Hiyung chili (Capsicum frutescens L) is a local chili from Hyung Village, Tapin District, South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia which has the advantage of being cultivated with an agricultural system in swampland, with high production and is known to have high capsaicin also. This advantage is thought to be related to its symbiosis with endophytic microbes, especially fungi. The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify non-pathogenic endophytic fungi from Hiyung chili plants and determine their ability to tolerate acidic conditions in vitro. Results showed that a total of 41 endophytic isolates were isolated from different parts of chili plant. Of the 41 isolates four non-pathogenic endophytic fungi were isolated from leaf tissue. Based on morphological and molecular identification these four fungi were Pseudozyma hubeiensis DM3.1, Phoma sp. DT2.2P1, Letendraea sp. DM1.2 and Phoma sp. DT2.2P4. Four endophytic fungi showed different abilities in an in vitro preliminary study of acidic environmental stress tolerance. Only P. hubeiensis DM3.1 isolate had the daily diameter of colony not significantly different based on the Anova test (? :0.05, F: 1.092, P:0.372) both at pH 5, 4 and 3 and without pH treatment.
Morphophysiological and yield traits of soybean varieties tolerant of intercropping with maize
Authors: PERMANASARI INDAH , SULISTYANINGSIH ENDANG , KURNIASIH BUDIASTUTI , INDRADEWA DIDIK
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Permanasari I, Sulistyaningsih E, Kurniasih B, Indradewa D. 2023. Morphophysiological and yield traits of soybean varieties tolerant of intercropping with maize. Biodiversitas 24: 3872-3880. Not all soybean varieties grow optimally when intercropped with maize. Previously, we identified seven varieties (i.e., "Demas 1", Dena 1", "Dena 2", "Derap 1", "Devon 1", "Devon 2", and "Wilis") and two (i.e., "Dega 1" and "Mahameru") as tolerant and intolerant of intercropping based on selection indices and yield. This research aims to determine the morphophysiological and yield traits of tolerant and intolerant soybean groups intercropped with maize. The study used a randomized complete block design with three blocks as replications, and conducted from October 2019 to February 2020. Results showed that light intensity in the intercropping system had decreased by 19.91% relative to that in the monoculture system at 7 weeks after planting. The tolerant group displayed significant gains in seed weight per plant (143.66%), total biomass (50.04%), harvest index (53.33%), total number of pods and seeds per plant (119.39% and 128.86%), leaf nitrogen uptake and content (20.83% and 6.44%), chlorophyll-a:b ratio (7.20%), and stem diameter (7.65%) than the intolerant group. Correlation analysis revealed that leaf nitrogen content showed the highest correlation and significantly contributed to seed weight per plant in the tolerant and intolerant groups. Seed weight in the tolerant group was mainly affected by morphological (total biomass and harvest index), physiological (leaf nitrogen content), and yield components (number of pods), whereas that in the intolerant group was influenced only by physiological parameters (nitrogen content). Nitrogen content was considered suitable as a selection indicator for determining the seed yield of intercropped soybean varieties. Furthermore, using soybean tolerant groups for intercropping may be a solution to increase soybean production in Indonesia.
Production potential of sago forests in different habitat types in Sentani watershed, Papua, Indonesia
Authors: DIMARA PETRUS A. , PURWANTO RIS HADI , AURI AMILDA , ANGRIANTO RUSDI , MOFU WOLFRAM Y.
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Dimara PA, Purwanto RH, Auri A, Angrianto R, Mofu WY. 2023. Production potential of sago forests in different habitat types in Sentani watershed, Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3924-3931. Sago possesses a substantial carbohydrate content, rendering it a promising alternative for ensuring food security. This study aimed to assess the potential for sago production in Sentani watershed, Papua Province, Indonesia across diverse growing environments, namely dryland, temporarily flooded, and prolonged flooded habitats. This research combined spatial analysis and field-based study. Spatial analysis utilized Landsat 8 satellite imagery from the year of 2021 analyzed using supervised classification and overlay methods to differentiate sago habitat types. Field study used the combination of line transect and systematic circular plot methods to assess the structure and composition of sago vegetation. Field study also determined starch yield of sago plant by felling the plant and extracting the starch. The results showed that there are 13 local sago varieties according to the Sentani language, namely ebhesum, folo, hobholo, manno, phane, phara, rondo, ruruna, osukhulu, wani, yakhalobe, yakhe,
and yebha. Sago plants growing on dryland, temporarily flooded, and prolonged flooded habitats covered an area of 1,246.35 ha (15.89%), 4,820.49 ha (61.46%), and 1,775.92 ha (22.64%), respectively. The plant grew in clumps with 10, 13, and 8 varieties in the dryland, temporarily flooded, and prolonged flooded habitats, respectively. The total starch production reached 13,999.57 tons.year-1with production in dryland, temporarily, and prolonged flooded habitats amounting to 2,132.88 tons.year-1, 1,031.39 tons.year-1, and 1,335.31 tons.year-1, respectively. Meanwhile, the areas with the highest starch production were West Sentani, Sentani, and Waibu Sub-districts for the dry, temporary, and flooded habitats. Our findings suggest that two sago varieties, namely pharaand yebha, are recommended for cultivation because they are more adaptive and have high starch yield compared to other sago varieties.
The relationship between vector insect populations, natural enemies, and disease incidence of tungro virus during wet and dry seasons
Authors: HUTASOIT RUDI TOMSON , JIHAD MUHAMMAD , LISTIHANI LISTIHANI , SELANGGA DEWA GEDE WIRYANGGA
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Hutasoit RT, Jihad M, Listihani L, Selangga DGW. 2023. The relationship between vector insect populations, natural enemies, and disease incidence of tungro virus during wet and dry seasons. Biodiversitas 24: 4001-4007. Tungro virus is one of the most prevalent viruses affecting rice plants. The tungro virus is frequently found in rice plantations because its green planthopper vector is always present. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the population density of green planthoppers and its natural enemies with the incidence of tungro disease during the rainy and dry seasons in Lanrang, Sidenreng Rappang, South Sulawesi. The research method employed was field monitoring of the population density of green planthoppers, natural enemies, and the incidence of tungro disease. The presence of the tungro virus was confirmed by the molecular method using RTSV and RTBV-specific primers. The results showed three types of tungro vector insects: Nephotettix virescens, Nephotettix nigropictus, and Recilia dorsalis. Nephotettix virescens was the dominant vector insect, with the highest population in March and August of 101 and 51 individuals, respectively. During the dry season, the high population of the three vector insects in August was followed by a high incidence of tungro disease in September, reaching 29.38%. Symptoms of yellow leaves have been confirmed by molecular methods, which indicated that the infection was caused by RTSV and RTBV, as evidenced by the amplification of DNA bands measuring 787 bp and 1400 bp. Data on the population of vector insects and the incidence of tungro disease indicated the importance of determining the ideal time to plant to avoid the plant's susceptible phase during the peak vector population between March and August. The dominant natural enemies found during the observations included Araneus inustus, Tetragnatha maxillosa, Agriocnemis pygmaea, and Menochilus sexmaculatus. Increasing the population of natural enemies could suppress the population of vector insects.
Response of morphological, anatomical, and agronomic characteristics of soybean genotypes to Cowpea Mild Mottle Virus
Authors: ZUBAIDAH SITI , MUJTAHIDA IMAMA , KUSWANTORO HERU
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Zubaidah S, Mujtahida I, Kuswantoro H. 2023. Response of morphological, anatomical and agronomic characteristics of soybean genotypes to Cowpea Mild Mottle Virus. Biodoversitas 24: 4017-4026. Cowpea Mild Mottle Virus (CpMMV) is a significant disease in soybeans. This disease can cause plant malformations and reduce seed yields. The study used a randomized block design with three replications. Plant materials were five resistant genotypes (MLGG 0006, MLGG 0106, MLGG 0297, MLGG 0315, and MLGG 0599) and five susceptible genotypes (MLGG 0123, MLGG 0379, MLGG 0603, MLGG 0695, and MLGG 0796). The results showed a significant difference between resistant and susceptible genotypes to CpMMV attack. Resistant soybean genotypes had relatively tall stems, many branches, and larger leaf widths. The number of stomata and trichomes of the resistant genotype was less than that of the susceptible genotype. The number of filled pods, the total number of pods per plant, and the number of seeds of the resistant genotype had more numbers than the susceptible genotype. MLGG 0695 was the most responsive genotype because it had a relatively low stem height, few branches, small leaf size, many stomata and trichomes on the leaf surface, the thickest leaf size, and a small number of pods and seeds. The most resistant soybean genotype was MLGG 0297, having a relatively high stem, many branches, large leaf size, few stomata and trichomes on the leaf surface, thin leaf size, and many more pods and seeds. MLGG 0297 can be used as a gene source to develop a superior variety resistant to CpMMV.
Comparative study of the application fish apartments in Situbondo and Probolinggo, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: ISRONI WAHYU , PRAMUDIA ZULKISAM , BAHRI ANJAS SASANA , RISQIANA MEGA ASRI , MAULIDA NURUL , IRAWANDANI TIA DWI
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Isroni W, Pramudia Z, Bahri AS, Risqiana MA, Maulida N, Irawandani TD. 2023. Comparative study of the application fish apartments in Situbondo and Probolinggo, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4034-4045. Fisheries resources which are common property in their utilization are vulnerable to overfishing conditions due to exploratory actions. In addition, the use of destructive fishing gear and habitat degradation has a great impact on fisheries productivity which continues to decrease. Fish apartments as alternative artificial habitat have been successfully applied in Probolinggo, especially for coral organisms.
This study compares the application of fish apartments in two different locations, Karang Katon Probolinggo and Karang Mayit Beach Situbondo. Through descriptive and valuative approaches, the survey results showed that in Karang Katon there were 5
species, the highest composition level is Acanthurus achilles (51.56%).Karang Mayit Beach there were 3 species, the highest composition level is Chaetodon octofasciatus (60.56%). The highest abundance is Acanthurus achilles (34.4 ind/m2) in Karang Katon and Chaetodon octofasciatus (42.2 ind/m2) in Karang Mayit Beach. The diversity index in Karang Katon-1.280, while in Karang Mayit Beach-0.853. The dominance index in Karang Katon 0.343, while in Karang Mayit Beach 0.496. Based on this research, the analysis showed positive results for both different locations, indicating it can be used as new habitats for sustainability and increased productivity of fisheries resources.
Reciprocal cross effect over seasons on agronomic and yield traits in waxy corn under tropical savanna
Authors: SAWANGHA MATTANA , DERMAIL ABIL , CHANKAEW SOMPONG , SIMLA SAKUNKAN , LERTRAT KAMOL , SURIHARN KHUNDEJ
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Sawangha M, Dermail A, Chankaew S, Simla S, Lertrat K, Suriharn K. 2023. Reciprocal cross effect over seasons on agronomic and yield traits in waxy corn under tropical savanna. Biodiversitas 24: 4120-4125. The exponentially increasing number of hybrids per additional inbred lines results in a tremendous workload in crop hybrid breeding. The question arises if reciprocal crosses could be excluded in waxy corn hybrids to reduce the workload by up to 50%. In this study, we aimed to assess the importance of reciprocal cross effects for yields, yield components, and agronomic traits of sweet-waxy corn F1hybrids and to validate the stability of those effects over seasons. Five parental lines, comprised of one sweet corn inbred line and four waxy corn inbred lines, were mated through a top cross scheme to generate eight F1progenies, including the reciprocals. All genotypes, including checks, were arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications in the dry season of 2021/2022 and the rainy season of 2022 in Khon Kaen, Thailand. Genotype was significant for all observed traits, and the interaction between genotype and season was significant for all traits. The reciprocal cross-effect was non-significant for most observed traits. The non-significance of the interaction between N vs. R and season confirmed the absence of reciprocal cross effects in different growing seasons. Thus, dissecting one of two possibilities in each cross combination is advisable for affordable hybrid formations. Considering the absence of reciprocal cross effects but significant G × E effect for given traits, allocating more efforts and resources for conducting multi-environment trials is advisable to reduce the gap between actual and potential yields of testing hybrids.
Phenotypic and genotypic diversity of yeast isolated from cancer patients and their environment and their antifungal sensitivity pattern
Authors: AL-DARRAJI ZAHRAA DAWOOD GATEA , MOHAMMED-AMEEN MOHANAD KHALAF
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Al-Darraji ZDG, Mohammed-Ameen MKM. 2023. Phenotypic and genotypic diversity of yeast isolated from cancer patients and their environment and their antifungal sensitivity pattern. Biodiversitas 24: 4166-4174. This study aimed to investigate yeast diversity and their antifungal susceptibility patterns in 853 samples collected from cancer patients, their apparently healthy companions, their beds, their tables, and indoor hospital air. The samples were cultured and identified using classical phenotypic characteristics and a molecular method utilizing amplification of ITS conservative regions of rRNA. The sum of phenotyping and genotyping identification revealed that 102 yeast isolates included 6 genera and 14 species. Candida sp. was the most dominant genera (84.31%), followed by Naganishia sp. (10.78%). Candida albicans (24.50%) and C. krusei (16.66%) were the most prevalent yeast species. Fluconazole, caspofungin, and voriconazole exhibited potent antifungal activities against the most yeast species with low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values compared with high MIC (64 µg/mL) values against Meyerozyma guilliermondi, Naganishia difflunes, and C. tropicalis. To conclude, the antifungal activity was isolate- and species-specific and the higher antifungal concentrations led to a more-rapid expression of activity. The high isolation rate of yeasts from beds and tables, advocated the use of various monitoring systems to ensure thorough cleaning and consistent disinfection of surfaces around patients and health care providers. The study findings showed that the molecular method was superior to the phenotyping technique in identifying yeast isolates. While similar research has been performed in different locations, the current project represents a unique milestone for this particular institution, and offers an opportunity to advance research in this area.
Characteristics of Simalambuo (Lophopetalum sp.) wood from Nias Island, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia
Authors: ISWANTO APRI HERI , AMANDA DWIVIA WAHYU , GEA SAHARMAN , SUSILOWATI ARIDA , FATRIASARI WIDYA , DARWIS ATMAWI , LUBIS M. ADLY RAHANDI , SUCIPTO TITO , SYAHIDAH SYAHIDAH , SUBEKTI NIKEN , HARTONO RUDI , SUTIAWAN JAJANG , HIDAYAT WAHYU , KIM NAM HUN
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Iswanto AH, Amanda DW, Gea S, Susilowati A, Fatriasari W, Darwis A, Lubis MAR, Sucipto T, Syahidah, Subekti N, Hartono R, Sutiawan J, Hidayat W, Kim NH. 2023. Characteristics of Simalambuo (Lophopetalum sp.) wood from Nias Island, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4193-4201. Simalambuo (Lophopetalum sp.) wood is commonly used for
construction materials in Nias Island, North Sumatra Province especially in the aftermath of the devastating earthquake that affected the region. However, information regarding the fundamental characteristics of this wood has not been available. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the basic properties of Simalambuo wood, such as its physical, mechanical, chemical, and natural durability. The destructive method was used to determine the physical and mechanical parameters (i.e., specific gravity, moisture content, shrinkage, MOE, MOR, and hardness) using a small clear specimen sample under the BS 373 standard (1957). The chemical components of wood (i.e., holocellulose, cellulose, lignin, extractives) were analyzed using a variety of methods, including CRC Press methods, LAP NREL 003 standard, and TAPPI. Meanwhile, the SNI 7207-2014 standard was utilized to evaluate its resistance against subterranean termites. The results showed that Simalambuo wood has an average specific gravity of 0.42 and a T/R ratio of 1.78. Based on its specific gravity, the wood is classified within the strength class III-IV. It also exhibits a reduced cellulose and extractive content, along with a higher proportion of lignin. In terms of durability, it is classified as class IV, implying non-resistance to termites’ attack and necessitating wood preservation treatment for its practical application. The findings of this study suggest the application of this wood is recommended for light construction, furniture, and other functions, but not for heavy construction.
Domestic violence as a wicked social problem: policy cascades and misdirected solutions
Authors: Kimball Ericka , Ilea Passion , Ng Ping Cheung Steph
Published: September 2023

In this article, we introduce the concept of a policy cascade, which describes the process of creating policies to address the consequences of other policies. Using the concept of wicked problems introduced by Rittel and Webber in 1973, we trace state and federal policies to address domestic violence to show how they form a policy cascade and decenter survivors. By treating social issues as wicked problems, upstream approaches that bypass compounding effects of policy may help recenter survivor needs.
Cost hierarchies and the pattern of product cost cross-subsidization: Extending a computational model of costing system design
Authors: Schmidt Mark , Mertens Kai Gustav , Meyer Matthias
Published: September 2023

Cost information is critical to ease managers’ decisions in daily business, but its provision is informationally demanding and error prone. Effective design choices for costing systems that can reduce errors are the subject of a growing body of research. The computational model by Anand, Balakrishnan, and Labro (2019) collates previous research in a unifying framework, turning it into a potential standard for future studies. This paper uses this framework and aims to investigate the mechanism behind the well-documented empirical pattern of product cost cross-subsidization in a large-scale simulation experiment. According to this pattern, volume-based costing systems bias the costs of high-volume products upward and of low-volume products downward. Although this pattern has important implications for firms and is discussed extensively in the literature, it has not yet been investigated with computational models. As the first objective of this paper, we replicate the original model by following a pattern-oriented model replication approach. The second objective is to study the mechanism behind the pattern of product cost cross-subsidization. We are unable to reproduce it systematically with the original model. However, the pattern emerges when we extend the model to include a simple cost hierarchy with distinct resource consumption types and volume-based cost drivers. This allows us to specify the likely mechanism behind it. Building on these results, we further extend the model with empirical and theory-based ABC cost hierarchies and assess their effect on product cost cross-subsidization. Our results suggest that production environments underpin more diverse cost hierarchies in practice than previously implemented in the model. Overall, we argue that our extension provides relevant insights into the pattern of product cost cross-subsidization, while our replication and extension strengthen the models’ credibility and usability for future research.
‘If you play some good music, people immediately understand it’: Audience response to busking
Authors: Litos Ioannis , Papadaki Eirini
Published: September 2023

Busking is part of the daily urban life of citizens worldwide. Every street music performance can affect buskers or passers-by in different ways because the people, the conditions, the terms and the reasons for music-making is unique every single time. This article aims to deliver social insights from the Greek busking community of Thessaloniki. Specifically, we examine the relationship between street musicians and their audience, according to their attitudes and practices during a street performance. For this study, a mix-methods approach was followed where quantitative and qualitative data was collected from 146 participants (82 were members of the audience and 64 were buskers). Our methodology relied on semi-structured interviews to collect buskers’ and audiences’ views on their experiences, as well as field notes and observation to document their relationship and reactions first-hand. The main findings indicate that buskers and audiences sustain a healthy relationship between them while buskers are thankful for the audience’s reaction to their performance and tend to make a series of performative choices, according to audience preferences. Furthermore, all audience members actively approve of the existence of street music and show their appreciation of being part of this community, by donating money and participating through various ways (singing, dancing, taking photos).