bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Field observational constraints on the controllers in glyoxal (CHOCHO) loss to aerosol
Authors: Kim Dongwook , Cho Changmin , Jeong Seokhan , Lee Soojin , Nault Benjamin A. , Campuzano-Jost Pedro , Day Douglas A. , Schroder Jason C. , Jimenez Jose L. , Volkamer Rainer , Blake Donald R. , Wisthaler Armin , Fried Alan , DiGangi Joshua P. , Diskin Glenn S. , Pusede Sally E. , Hall Samuel R. , Ullmann Kirk , Huey L. Gregory , Tanner David J. , Dibb Jack , Knote Christoph J. , Min Kyung-Eun
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Glyoxal (CHOCHO), the simplest dicarbonyl in the troposphere, is an important precursor for secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and brown carbon (BrC) affecting air-quality and climate. The airborne measurement of CHOCHO concentrations during the KORUS-AQ (KORea-US Air Quality study) campaign in 2016 enables detailed quantification of  loss mechanisms, pertaining to SOA formation in the real atmosphere. The production of this molecule was mainly from oxidation of aromatics (59 %) initiated by hydroxyl radical (OH), of which glyoxal forming mechanisms are relatively well constrained. CHOCHO loss to aerosol was found to be the most important removal path (69 %) and contributed to roughly ~20 % (3.7 μg sm−3 ppmv−1 hr−1, normalized with excess CO) of SOA growth in the first 6 hours in Seoul Metropolitan Area. To our knowledge, we show the first field observation of aerosol surface-area (Asurf)-dependent CHOCHO uptake, which  diverges from the simple surface uptake assumption as Asurf increases in ambient condition. Specifically, under the low (high) aerosol loading, the CHOCHO effective uptake rate coefficient, keff,uptake, linearly increases (levels off) with Asurf, thus, the irreversible surface uptake is a reasonable (unreasonable) approximation for simulating CHOCHO loss to aerosol. Dependency of photochemical impact, as well as aerosol viscosity, are discussed as other possible factors influencing CHOCHO uptake rate. Our inferred Henry's law coefficient of CHOCHO, 7.0 × 108 M atm−1, is ~2 orders of magnitude  higher than those estimated from salting-in effects constrained by inorganic salts only, which urges more understanding on CHOCHO solubility under real atmospheric conditions.
Long-term fluxes of carbonyl sulfide and their seasonality and interannual variability in a boreal forest
Authors: Vesala Timo , Kohonen Kukka-Maaria , Praplan Arnaud P. , Kooijmans Linda M. J. , Foltýnová Lenka , Kolari Pasi , Kulmala Markku , Bäck Jaana , Nelson David , Yakir Dan , Zahniser Mark , Mammarella Ivan
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The seasonality and interannual variability of terrestrial carbonyl sulfide (COS) fluxes are poorly constrained. We present the first easy-to-use parameterization for net COS forest sink based on the longest eddy covariance record from a boreal pine forest, covering 32 months over 5 years. Fluxes from hourly to yearly scales are reported, with the aim of revealing controlling factors and the level of interannual variability. The parameterization is based on the photosynthetically active radiation, vapor pressure deficit, air temperature, and leaf area index. The spring recovery of the flux after the winter dormancy period was mostly governed by air temperature, and the onset of the uptake varied by 2 weeks. For the first time, we report a significant reduction of ecosystem-scale COS flux under large water vapor pressure deficit in summer. The maximum monthly and weekly median COS uptake varied 26 and 20 % between years, respectively. The timing of the latter varied by 6 weeks. The fraction of the nocturnal uptake remained below 21 % of the total COS uptake. We observed the growing season (April–August) average net flux of COS totaling −58.0 gS ha−1 with 37 % interannual variability. The long-term flux observations were scaled up to evergreen needleleaf forests (ENFs) in the whole boreal region by the Simple Biosphere Model Version 4 (SiB4). The observations were closely simulated by using SiB4 meteorological drivers and phenology. The total COS uptake by boreal ENF was in line with a missing COS sink at high latitudes pointed out in earlier studies.
Towards reconstructing the Arctic atmospheric methane history over the 20th century: measurement and modeling results for the NGRIP firn
Authors: Umezawa Taku , Sugawara Satoshi , Kawamura Kenji , Oyabu Ikumi , Andrews Stephen J. , Saito Takuya , Aoki Shuji , Nakazawa Takakiyo
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Systematic measurements of atmospheric methane (CH4) mole fractions at the northern high latitudes only began in the early 1980s, and whilst CH4 measurements from Greenland ice cores covered the period before ~1900, no reliable observational record is available for the intermediate period. In this study, we reconstruct the atmospheric CH4 for that period, when the mole fraction started to increase rapidly. We use a set of trace gas data measured from firn (an intermediate stage between snow and glacial ice formation) air samples collected at the NGRIP (North Greenland Ice Core Project) site in 2001, in combination with a firn air transport model whose performance is validated by using a set of published firn air data at the NEEM (North Greenland Eemian ice Drilling) site. We examine a variety of possible firn diffusivity profiles using a suite of measured trace gases, and reconstruct the CH4 mole fraction by an iterative dating method. We find that, given the currently available firn air data sets from Greenland, reliable reconstruction of the Arctic CH4 mole fraction is possible only back to the mid 1970s. For the earlier period, it is difficult to identify the atmospheric CH4 history that consistently reproduce the depth profiles of CH4 in firn at both NGRIP and NEEM sites. Therefore, the currently proposed Arctic CH4 history should still be considered preliminary and uncertain, and should not be treated as the known history for constraining firn-air transport models.
Technical note: Evaluation of profile retrievals of aerosols and trace gases for MAX-DOAS measurements under different aerosol scenarios based on radiative transfer simulations
Authors: Tian Xin , Wang Yang , Beirle Steffen , Xie Pinhua , Wagner Thomas , Xu Jin , Li Ang , Dörner Steffen , Ren Bo , Li Xiaomei
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Ground-based Multi-AXis Differential Optical Absorption
Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) is a state-of-the-art remote sensing technique for
deriving vertical profiles of trace gases and aerosols. However, MAX-DOAS
profile inversions under aerosol pollution scenarios are challenging because
of the complex radiative transfer and limited information content of the
measurements. In this study, the performances of two inversion algorithms
were evaluated for various aerosol pollution scenarios based on synthetic
slant column densities (SCDs) derived from radiative transfer simulations.
Compared to previous studies, in our study, much larger ranges of aerosol optical depth (AOD) and
NO2 vertical column densities (VCDs) are covered. One inversion algorithm is based on optimal
estimation; the other uses a parameterized approach. In this analysis, three
types of profile shapes for aerosols and NO2 were considered:
exponential, Boltzmann, and Gaussian. First, the systematic deviations of
the retrieved aerosol profiles from the input profiles were investigated.
For most cases, the AODs of the retrieved profiles were found to be
systematically lower than the input values, and the deviations increased
with increasing AOD. In particular for the optimal estimation algorithm and for
high AOD, these findings are consistent with the results in previous studies.
The assumed single scattering albedo (SSA) and asymmetry parameter (AP) have a systematic
influence on the aerosol retrieval. However, for most cases the influence of
the assumed SSA and AP on the retrieval results are rather small (compared
to other uncertainties). For the optimal estimation algorithm, the agreement
with the input values can be improved by optimizing the covariance matrix of
the a priori uncertainties. Second, the aerosol effects on the NO2 profile
retrieval were tested. Here, especially for the optimal estimation
algorithm, a systematic dependence on the NO2 VCD was found, with a
strong relative overestimation of the retrieved results for low NO2
VCDs and an underestimation for high NO2 VCDs. In contrast, the
dependence on the aerosol profiles was found to be rather low.
Interestingly, the results for both investigated wavelengths (360 and 477 nm) were found to be rather similar, indicating that the differences in the
radiative transfer between both wavelengths have no strong effect. In
general, both inversion schemes can retrieve the near-surface values of
aerosol extinction and trace gas concentrations well.
FDTD analysis of ELF radio wave propagation in the spherical Earth-ionosphere waveguide and its validation based on analytical solutions
Authors: Marchenko Volodymyr , Kulak Andrzej , Mlynarczyk Janusz
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The FDTD model of electromagnetic wave propagation in the Earth-ionosphere cavity was developed under assumption of axisymmetric system, solving the reduced Maxwell’s equations in a 2D spherical coordinate system. The model was validated on different conductivity profiles for the electric and magnetic field components for various locations on Earth along the meridian. The characteristic electric and magnetic altitudes, the phase velocity and attenuation rate were calculated. We compared the results of numerical and analytical calculations and found good agreement between them. The undertaken FDTD modeling enables us to analyze the Schumann resonances and the propagation of individual lightning discharges occurring at various distances from the receiver. The developed model is particularly useful when analyzing ELF measurements.
Nutrients attenuate the negative effect of ocean acidification on reef coral calcification in the Arabian Sea upwelling zone (Masirah Island, Oman)
Authors: Spreter Philipp Michael , Reuter Markus , Mertz-Kraus Regina , Taylor Oliver , Brachert Thomas Christian
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Tropical shallow-water reefs are the most diverse ecosystem in the ocean. Its persistence rests upon adequate calcification rates of the reef building biota, such as reef corals. Optimum calcification rates of reef corals occur in oligotrophic environments with high seawater saturation states of aragonite (Ωsw), which leads to increased vulnerability to anthropogenic ocean acidification and eutrophication. The calcification response of reef corals to this changing environment is largely unknown, however. Here, we present annually and sub-annually resolved records of calcification rates (n = 3) of the coral Porites from the nutrient rich and low Ωsw Arabian Sea upwelling zone (Masirah Island, Oman). Calcification rates were determined from the product of skeletal extension and bulk density derived from X-ray densitometry. Compared to a reference data set of coral skeletons from typical reef environments (Great Barrier Reef, Hawaii), mean annual skeletal bulk density of Porites from Masirah Island is reduced by 28 %. This density deficit prevails over the entire year and probably reflects a year-round low saturation state of aragonite at the site of calcification (Ωcf), independent of seasonal variations in Ωsw (e.g. upwelling). Mean annual extension rate is 20 % higher than for the reference data set. In particular, extension rate is strongly enhanced during the seasons with the lowest water temperatures, presumably due to a high PO43−/NO3−-ratio promoting rapid upward growth of the skeleton. Enhanced annual extension attenuates the negative effect of low density on calcification rate from −25 % to −11 %, while sub-annual calcification rates during the cool seasons even exceed those of the reference corals. We anticipate optimal nutrient environments (e.g. high PO43−/NO3−-ratios) to have significant potential to compensate the negative effect of ocean acidification on reef coral calcification, thereby allowing to maintain adequate rates of carbonate accumulation, which are essential for preserving this unique ecosystem.
Investigating controls of shell growth features in a foundation bivalve species: seasonal trends and decadal changes in the California mussel
Authors: Vriesman Veronica Padilla , Carlson Sandra J. , Hill Tessa M.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Marine bivalve mollusc shells can offer valuable insights into past oceanographic variability and seasonality. Given its ecological and archaeological significance, Mytilus californianus (California mussel) presents the opportunity to examine seasonal and decadal changes recorded in its shell over centuries to millennia. While dark–light growth bands in M. californianus shells could be advantageous for reconstructing past environments, uncertainties remain regarding shell structure, environmental controls of dark–light band formation, and the amount of time represented by a dark–light pair. By analyzing a suite of M. californianus shells collected in 2002, 2003, 2019, and 2020 from Bodega Bay, California, we describe the mineralogical composition, establish relationships among growth band pattern, micro-environment, and collection season, and compare shell structure and growth band expression between the archival (2002–2003) and modern (2019–2020) shells. We identified three mineralogical layers in M. californianus: an outer prismatic calcite layer, a middle aragonite layer, and a secondary inner prismatic calcite layer, which makes M. californianus the only Mytilus species to precipitate a secondary calcite layer. Within the inner calcite layer, light bands are strongly correlated with winter collection months and could be used to reconstruct periods with moderate, stable temperatures and minimal upwelling. Additionally, modern shells have significantly thinner inner calcite layers and more poorly expressed growth bands than the archival shells, although we also show that growth band contrast is strongly influenced by micro–environment. Mytilus californianus from northern California is calcifying differently, and apparently more slowly, than it was 20 years ago.
A global map of root biomass across the world's forests
Authors: Huang Yuanyuan , Ciais Phillipe , Santoro Maurizio , Makowski David , Chave Jerome , Schepaschenko Dmitry , Abramoff Rose Z. , Goll Daniel S. , Yang Hui , Chen Ye , Wei Wei , Piao Shilong
Published: August 2021

Abstract. As a key component of the Earth system, roots play a key
role in linking Earth's lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and atmosphere.
Here we combine 10 307 field measurements of forest root biomass worldwide
with global observations of forest structure, climatic conditions,
topography, land management and soil characteristics to derive a spatially
explicit global high-resolution (∼ 1 km) root biomass dataset,
including fine and coarse roots. In total, 142 ± 25 (95 % CI) Pg of
live dry-matter biomass is stored belowground, representing a global
average root : shoot biomass ratio of 0.25 ± 0.10. Earlier studies
(Jackson et al., 1997; Robinson, 2007; Saugier et al., 2001) are
44 %–226 % larger than our estimations of the total root biomass in
tropical, temperate and boreal forests. The total global forest root biomass
from a recent estimate (Spawn et al., 2020) is 24 % larger
than this study. The smaller estimation from this study is attributable to
the updated forest area, spatially explicit aboveground biomass density
used to predict the patterns of root biomass, new root measurements and
the upscaling methodology. We show specifically that the root shoot allometry is
one underlying driver that has led to methodological overestimation of root
biomass in previous estimations. Raw datasets and global maps generated in
this study are deposited at the open-access repository Figshare (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12199637.v1; Huang et al., 2020).
A physically-based distributed karst hydrological model (QMG model-V1.0) for flood simulations
Authors: Li Ji , Yuan Daoxian , Zhang Fuxi , Jiang Yongjun , Liu Jiao , Ma Mingguo
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Karst trough valleys are prone to flooding, primarily because of the unique hydrogeological features of karst landform, which are conducive to the spread of rapid runoff. Hydrological models that represent the complicated hydrological processes in karst regions are effective for predicting karst flooding, but their application has been hampered by their complex model structures and associated parameter set, especially so for distributed hydrological models, which require large amounts of hydrogeological data. Distributed hydrological models for predicting the Karst flooding is highly dependent on distributed structrues modeling, complicated boundary parameters setting, and tremendous hydrogeological data processing that is both time and computational power consuming. Proposed here is a distributed physically-based karst hydrological model, known as the QMG (Qingmuguan) model. The structural design of this model is relatively simple, and it is generally divided into surface and underground double-layered structures. The parameters that represent the structural functions of each layer have clear physical meanings, and the parameters are less than those of the current distributed models. This allows modeling in karst areas with only a small amount of necessary hydrogeological data. 18 flood processes across the karst underground river in the Qingmuguan karst trough valley are simulated by the QMG model, and the simulated values agree well with observations, for which the average value of Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient was 0.92. A sensitivity analysis shows that the infiltration coefficient, permeability coefficient, and rock porosity are the parameters that require the most attention in model calibration and optimization. The improved predictability of karst flooding by the proposed QMG model promotes a better mechanistic depicting of runoff generation and confluence in karst trough valleys.
The Aerosol Module in the Community Radiative Transfer Model (v2.2 and v2.3): accounting for aerosol transmittance effects on the radiance observation operator
Authors: Lu Cheng-Hsuan , Liu Quanhua , Wei Shih-Wei , Johnson Benjamin T. , Dang Cheng , Stegmann Patrick G. , Grogan Dustin , Ge Guoqing , Hu Ming
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM), a sensor-based radiative transfer model, has been used within the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) system for directly assimilating radiances from infrared and microwave sensors. We conducted numerical experiments to illustrate how including aerosol radiative effects in CRTM calculations changes the GSI analysis. Compared to the default aerosol-blind calculations, the aerosol influences reduced simulated brightness temperature (BT) in thermal window channels, particularly over dust-dominant regions. A case study is presented, which illustrates how failing to correct for aerosol transmittance effects leads to errors in meteorological analyses that assimilate radiances from satellite IR sensors. In particular, the case study shows that assimilating aerosol-affected BTs affects analyzed temperatures in the lower atmosphere significantly in several different regions of the globe. Consequently, a fully-cycled aerosol-aware experiment improves 1–5 day forecasts of wind, temperature, and geopotential height in the tropical troposphere and Northern Hemisphere stratosphere. Whilst both GSI and CRTM are well documented with online user guides, tutorials and code repositories, this article is intended to provide a joined-up documentation for aerosol absorption and scattering calculations in the CRTM and GSI. It also provides guidance for prospective users of the CRTM aerosol option and GSI aerosol-aware radiance assimilation. Scientific aspects of aerosol-affected BT in atmospheric data assimilation are briefly discussed.
A validation standard for Area of Habitat maps for terrestrial birds and mammals
Authors: Dahal Prabhat Raj , Lumbierres Maria , Butchart Stuart H. M. , Donald Paul F. , Rondinini Carlo
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Area of Habitat (AOH) is a deductive model which maps the distribution of suitable habitat at suitable altitudes for a species inside its broad geographical range. AOH maps have been validated using presence-only data for small subsets of species for different taxonomic groups, but no standard validation method exists when absence data are not available. We develop a novel two-step validation protocol for AOH which includes first a model-based evaluation of model prevalence (i.e, the proportion of suitable habitat within a species’ range), and second a validation using species point localities (presence-only) data. We applied the protocol to AOH maps of terrestrial birds and mammals. In the first step we built logistic regression models to predict expected model prevalence (the proportion of the range retained as AOH) as a function of each species’ elevation range, mid-point of elevation range, number of habitats, realm and, for birds, seasonality. AOH maps with large difference between observed and predicted model prevalence were identified as outliers and used to identify a number of sources of systematic error which were then corrected when possible. For the corrected AOH, only 1.7 % of AOH maps for birds and 2.3 % of AOH maps for mammals were flagged as outliers in terms of the difference between their observed and predicted model prevalence. In the second step we calculated point prevalence, the proportion of point localities of a species falling in pixels coded as suitable in the AOH map. We used 48,336,141 point localities for 4889 bird species and 107,061 point localities for 420 mammals. Where point prevalence exceeded model prevalence, the AOH was a better reflection of species’ distribution than random. We also found that 4689 out of 4889 (95.9 %) AOH maps for birds, and 399 out of 420 (95.0 %) AOH maps for mammals were better than random. Possible reasons for the poor performance of a small proportion of AOH maps are discussed.
Delineation of dew formation zones in Iran using long-term model simulations and cluster analysis
Authors: Atashi Nahid , Rahimi Dariush , Sinclair Victoria A. , Zaidan Martha A. , Rusanen Anton , Vuollekoski Henri , Kulmala Markku , Vesala Timo , Hussein Tareq
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Dew is a non-conventional source of water that has been gaining interest over the last two decades, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. In this study, we performed a long-term (1979–2018) energy balance model simulation to estimate dew formation potential in Iran aiming to identify dew formation zones and to investigate the impacts of long-term variation in meteorological parameters on dew formation. The annual average of dew occurrence in Iran was ∼102 d, with the lowest number of dewy days in summer (∼7 d) and the highest in winter (∼45 d). The average daily dew yield was in the range of 0.03–0.14 L m−2 and the maximum was in the range of 0.29–0.52 L m−2. Six dew formation zones were identified based on cluster analysis of the time series of the simulated dew yield. The distribution of dew formation zones in Iran was closely aligned with topography and sources of moisture. Therefore, the coastal zones in the north and south of Iran (i.e., Caspian Sea and Oman Sea), showed the highest dew formation potential, with 53 and 34 L m−2 yr−1, whereas the dry interior regions (i.e., central
Iran and the Lut Desert), with the average of 12–18 L m−2 yr−1, had the lowest potential for dew formation. Dew yield estimation is very sensitive to the choice of the heat transfer coefficient. The uncertainty analysis of the heat transfer coefficient using eight different parameterizations revealed that the parameterization used in this study – the Richards (2004) formulation – gives estimates that are similar to the average of all methods and are neither much lower nor much higher than the majority of other parameterizations and the largest differences occur for the very low values of daily dew yield. Trend analysis results revealed a significant (p<0.05) negative trend in the yearly dew yield in most parts of Iran during the last 4 decades (1979–2018). Such a negative trend in dew formation is likely due to an increase in air temperature and a decrease in relative humidity and cloudiness over the 40 years.
Oceanic moisture sources contributing to wintertime Euro-Atlantic blocking
Authors: Yamamoto Ayako , Nonaka Masami , Martineau Patrick , Yamazaki Akira , Kwon Young-Oh , Nakamura Hisashi , Taguchi Bunmei
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Although conventionally attributed to dry dynamics, increasing evidence points to a key role of moist dynamics in the formation and maintenance of blocking events. The source of moisture crucial for these processes, however, remains elusive. In this study, we identify the moisture sources responsible for latent heating associated with the wintertime Euro-Atlantic blocking events detected over 31 years (1979–2010). To this end, we track atmospheric particles backward in time from the blocking centres for a period of 10 d using an offline Lagrangian dispersion model applied to atmospheric reanalysis data. The analysis reveals that 28 %–55 % of particles gain heat and moisture from the ocean over the course of 10 d, with higher percentages for the lower altitudes from which particles are released. Via large-scale ascent, these moist particles transport low-potential-vorticity (PV) air of low-altitude, low-latitude origins into the upper troposphere, where the amplitude of blocking is the most prominent, in agreement with previous studies. The PV of these moist particles remains significantly lower compared to their dry counterparts throughout the course of 10 d, preferentially constituting blocking cores. Further analysis reveals that approximately two-thirds of the moist particles source their moisture locally from the Atlantic, while the remaining one-third of moist particles source it from the Pacific. There is also a small fraction of moist particles that take up moisture from both the Pacific and Atlantic basins, which undergo a large-scale uplift over the Atlantic using moisture picked up over both basins. The Gulf Stream and Kuroshio and their extensions as well as the eastern Pacific northeast of Hawaii not only provide heat and moisture to moist particles but also act as “springboards” for their large-scale, cross-isentropic ascent, where its extent strongly depends on the humidity content at the time of the ascent. While the particles of Atlantic origin swiftly ascend just before their arrival at blocking, those of Pacific origin begin their ascent a few days earlier, after which they carry low-PV air in the upper troposphere while undergoing radiative cooling just as dry particles. A previous study identified a blocking maintenance mechanism, whereby low-PV air is selectively absorbed into blocking systems to prolong blocking lifetime. As they used an isentropic trajectory analysis, this mechanism was regarded as a dry process. We found that these moist particles that are fuelled over the Pacific can also act to maintain blocks in the same manner, revealing that what appears to be a blocking maintenance mechanism governed by dry dynamics alone can, in fact, be of moist origin.
Inovasi Kebudayaan: Tari Chit Ngiat Pan: Refleksi Hubungan Sosial atas Semboyan “Tong Ngin Fan Ngin Jit Jong”
Authors: Nirmala Yessi , Sulaiman Aimie , Cholillah Jamilah
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang inovasi yang salah satunya adalah inovasi kebudayaan. Kebudayaan yang dikaji merupakan kebudayaan yang terbentuk dari hasil budidaya atau kreativitas manusia yang disebut dengan seni.  Seni yang dimaksud adalah seni tari. Fokus pada penelitian ini adalah  membahas terkait bagaimana refleksi hubungan sosial atas semboyan “Tong Ngin Fan Ngin Jit Jong” pada Tari Chit Ngiat Pan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis interpretatif. Data dikumpulkan dengan teknik obesrvasi, wawancara informan yang ditentukan dengan teknik sampling purposive, dan dokumentasi. Teori yang digunakan dalam menganalisis penelitian adalah teori Interaksionisme Simbolik oleh Herbert Blumer dengan tiga hal prinsip utama yaitu meaning, language dan tought. Peneliti menggunakan simbol tari sebagai unit analisis yakni gerak, tata busana, dan tata rias. Pemaknaan (meaning) pada Tari Chit Ngiat Pan menunjukkan adanya penyesuaian dengan makna solidaritas yakni “Tong Ngin Fan Ngin Jit Jong”yang digali lewat simbol tari. Semboyan tersebut merupakan kunci dari penciptaan Tari Chit Ngiat Pan selain dari mengangkat kebudayaan Etnis Tionghoa. Bahasa (language) di peroleh sebagai hasil interaksi dari sesama penari bahwa Tari Chit Ngiat Pan diciptakan berawal dari tujuan kompetisi. Pikiran (tought) adalah kompetisi yang di ikuti adalah suatu tujuan untuk memperoleh kemenangan sehingga dapat melangkah ke tahap internasional. Adanya pemanfataan semboyan “Tong Ngin Fan Ngin Jit Jong”melahirkan akulturasi yang menunjukkan adanya solidaritas antar Etnis Melayu Dan Etnis Tionghoa di Bangka Belitung yang ditunjukkan kembali melalui seni tari.
RADIOECOLOGICAL SITUATION ON THE TERRITORY OF KARAUL VILLAGE OF ABAYSKY DISTRICT OF EAST KAZAKHSTAN REGION
Authors: Lipikhina A.V. , Muldagaliev T.Zh. , Brait Y.Y. , Konovalova F.V. , Mansarina A.E.
Published: August 2021

As part of the research work on the topic «Development of scientific and methodological foundations for minimizing the environmental burden, medical support, social protection and health improvement of the population of environmentally unfavorable territories of the Republic of Kazakhstan», the Research Institute of Radiation Medicine and Ecology carried out radioecological studies in the Karaul village of Abay district of East Kazakhstan region. The radiation situation of Karaul village was formed in the 50s of the last century by local contamination of this settlement from nuclear explosions carried out at the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site.
Measurements of radiation parameters of the current environmental situation on the ground and sampling of environmental objects that carried out in the period of May 2018. The radiation parameters of the environmental situation (MED, radon concentration, alpha and beta particle flux densities, and the content of radioactive elements in environmental objects) on the territory of the village are within the established standards
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC WORKS ON TECHNOLOGIES FOR EXTRACTION OF BIOCOMPONENTS FROM VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS. SUPERCRITICAL CO2 EXTRACTION IS AN EFFECTIVE NEW METHOD FOR SOLVING THE GLOBAL PROBLEM OF UTILIZATION AND QUALITY OF PLANT AND ORGANIC RAW MATERIALS
Authors: Starokadomsky D. , Titenko A. , Kamarali A. , Kuts V. , Maloshtan S. , Barkholenko V. , Kashuba O. , Reshetnik M. , Starokadomskaya A. , Diamant V. , Shulga S. , Gurin V.
Published: August 2021

A brief review and assessment of methods for the extraction (extraction) of active biocomponents from plant raw materials is presented. The overview contains a number of tables and diagrams to facilitate the initial perception of this topic. Examples of stationary and mobile installations developed in the world are shown. The prospects of the Supercritical CO2-extraction method, as the most effective for the extraction of valuable biomedical components, have been analyzed. The schemes and samples of the used CO2-extractors are shown. The schemes and external view of the author’s experimental setup for extraction with supercritical CO2 developed by our team are presented.
Indigenous Worlds and Criminological Exclusion: A Call to Reorientate the Criminological Compass
Authors: Goyes David Rodríguez , South Nigel
Published: August 2021

Indigenous peoples, their cultures and territories, have been subjected to continuous victimisation, plunder and genocide throughout history—or at least ‘history’ as created by and written from the North. Since contact with colonisers, these many different peoples have suffered legal and illegal forms of direct, structural and symbolic violence. Meanwhile, criminology—the discipline concerned with studying instances of criminality, harm and victimisation—has largely remained untouched by or indifferent to serious crimes and systematic attacks that have increased mortality, denied rights and destroyed traditional ways of life. In this article, we first present a bibliographical analysis of relevant content in leading criminology journals. We then suggest a conceptual and theoretical basis for enhancing an ethical and non-colonial engagement with this underdeveloped field of work. We conclude, however, that to counter the under-representation of Indigenous explorations and contributors in criminology, a broader transformation of the discipline will be necessary.
Victoria Canning and Steve Tombs (2021) From Social Harm to Zemiology: A Critical Introduction. Routledge
Authors: Lundberg Kajsa
Published: August 2021

Kajsa Lundberg reviews From Social Harm to Zemiology: A Critical Introduction
Of Bastions and Bulwarks: A Multi-Scalar Understanding of Local Bordering Practices in Europe
Authors: Oomen Barbara , Baumgärtel Moritz , Miellet Sara , Sabchev Tihomir , Durmuş Elif
Published: August 2021

In recent years, local authorities in Europe have increasingly developed bordering practices that hinder or further migrant rights, such as the freedom of movement. They bypass national borders by facilitating refugee resettlement, they claim local space to welcome or shun certain migrants, and they develop or break down local impediments to migrant mobility. These local practices, we argue, can best be understood from a multiscalar perspective, which considers processes of placemaking as reproductive of power dynamics. Applying such a perspective to local bordering practices in Greece, Turkey, the Netherlands, Italy, and Germany, we point out the importance of the multitude of the actors involved; legal pluralism; and the contextual role of social, economic, and spatial factors. This offers a theoretical foothold for understanding the power dynamics at play when local authorities become bastions or bulwarks, in which some migrants are welcomed, and others are not.
echniques for Robotic-Assisted Surgical Myocardial Revascularization
Authors:   Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, Amabile Andrea , Komlo Caroline ,   Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, Van Praet Karel ,   Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Germany, Nazari-Shafti Timo ,   Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Germany, Torregrossa Gianluca ,   Department of Cardiac Surgery, Lankenau Heart Institute, Main Line Health, Philadelphia, USA, Kempfert Jörg ,   Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Germany, Geirsson Arnar ,   Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, Falk Volkmar ,   Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Germany, Jacobs Stephan ,   Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Germany, Balkhy Husam ,   Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago (IL, USA)
Published: August 2021

The two current strategies for robotic-assisted, surgical myocardial revascularization are minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) and totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass grafting (TECAB). We discuss the rationale underlying the benefits of robotic assistance in surgical myocardial revascularization, and detail the technical steps to safely and effectively perform these two procedures.
Place Prosperity and the Intergenerational Transmission of Poverty
Authors: Tilahun Nebiyou , Persky Joseph , Shin Jaeyong , Zellner Moira
Published: August 2021

Much new work in urban and regional economics has emphasized the importance of place prosperity. This study focuses on the determinants of adult poverty and the contribution of place prosperity in damping the intergenerational transmission of poverty. Childhood poverty is a major predictor of adult poverty. We consider how such intergenerational transmission is affected by metropolitan and neighborhood (census tract) prosperity. To capture the temporal dynamics of this process, the model explored here is recursive in nature. We use longitudinal microdata from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Location variables at the census tract and metropolitan levels, family variables, and poverty status are observed for our subjects over multiple years both in childhood and adulthood. Neighborhood and metropolitan prosperity are measured in terms of average incomes adjusted for purchasing power parity differences. The standardized neighborhood prosperity direct effect on adult poverty is strongly significant and its total effect is twice as large. On the other hand, the standardized direct effect of metropolitan prosperity and its total effect are small and insignificant. But even neighborhood effects are modest compared to standardized effects of childhood poverty, race, mother’s education and own education. At least with respect to these data, the recent emphasis on place variables would seem to be overstated.
Book Reviews
Authors: Sloboda Brian W.
Published: August 2021

Cristina Marine reviews “Advanced Introduction to Regional Innovation Systems” by Bjorn T. Asheim, Arne Isaksen, and Michaela Trippl. Amitrajeet A. Batabyal reviews “Fully Grown: Why a Stagnant Economy is a Sign of Success” by Dietrich Vollrath. Leslie Dunn reviews “Beating the Odds: Jump-Starting Developing Countries” by Justin Yifu Lin and Célestin Monga. Ani Li reviews “Global Cities: A Short History” by Greg Clark.
The specific nature of endurance training in tennis
Authors: Suárez David , Rius Josep Campos
Published: August 2021

The type of endurance training in tennis will be more or less specific depending on the different biomechanical and motor actions and tactical situations, both, at the time of execution of the stroke and during the different on-court movements. However, the dynamics of the change of direction and rhythm are also fundamental. More often than not, the presence of accelerations and decelerations in sprints and stops will be a differential factor for speed and endurance in tennis. We can, thus, easily infer that a load could be very specific in a certain context and not in another one.
Differences in young tennis players ́ agility depending on their playing level
Authors: Sánchez Bernardino J , López Guillermo F , Pagán Ainara
Published: August 2021

This research aims to evaluate young tennis players’ agility and to analyze the differences depending on their playing level. 24 male tennis players, aged between 8 and 10 years old were involved in this research and completed three different agility tests (the 5x10m test, the spider test and the hexagon test). The findings revealed that more advanced players reached significantly higher scores in each agility test.
Early specialization in sports: A factor to be considered in brazilian tennis players?
Authors: Cortela Caio , Klering Roberto , Gonçalves Gabriel , Souza Silvio , Balbinotti Carlos
Published: August 2021

This article discusses, under the sports early specialization’s point of view, some of the probable reasons why Brazil has outstanding tennis players at junior level, but does not have the same performance in professional ranks when compared to countries with similar results in ITFJC.
Stress test specific to tennis (Test): Case study of an elite player
Authors: Brechbuhl Cyril , Girard Olivier , Millet Grégoire , Schmitt Laurent
Published: August 2021

Although assessment of the technical, physical and physiological qualities required for performance optimisation is complex in tennis, it is nonetheless essential to training planning. While physical goals are often dissociated from technical ones, we argue that a recently validated stress test specific to tennis, known as “TEST” (Brechbuhl, Girard, Millet, & Schmitt, 2016), allows to combine both effectively. Differences in forehand and backhand efficiency may occur as a result of fatigue under standardised conditions, thus minimising emotional and tactical effects. The aim of the present case study is to offer a practical reading of TEST in an elite player.
Professional competencies in tennis coaching
Authors: Cortela Caio , Milistetd Michel , Galatti Larissa , Crespo Miguel , Balbinotti Carlos
Published: August 2021

In issue 70, we published an article showing the most valued professional knowledge by Brazilian tennis coaches. Based on those findings, now we present the main competencies required for the professional intervention in tennis coaching. We expect this information can contribute to the improvement of coach education programs, focused on competency-based approaches.
Teaching tennis by means of a constructivist approach
Authors: Courel Javier , Sánchez-Alcaraz Bernardino J
Published: August 2021

This article presents a justification for the use of a constructivist model in tennis teaching, designing tasks and exercises that make up technical and tactical learning. The advantages and teaching principles of this model are presented below: (1) an organization in increasing order of difficulty, (2) basic and specific motor training, (3) significant teaching, (4) transference to real play and (5) an adaptation to the characteristics, motivation and interests of the pupil.
Estrategias de marketing digital para entrenadores de tenis
Authors: Crespo Dualde Andrés
Published: August 2021

El presente artículo pretende destacar la oportunidad que el tenis brinda a los entrenadores desde un punto de vista económico mediante la aplicación de una metodología de trabajo basada en estrategias de marketing digital. Para ello, se empieza por definir aquellas empleadas regularmente por las empresas para maximizar el beneficio y la imagen del entrenador como profesional. Seguidamente, se lleva a cabo una revisión de las principales investigaciones sobre el tema realizadas en tenis. Se presenta un caso práctico en el que se proponen distintas estrategias que pueden ser implementadas por el entrenador tal y como se sugiere en el artículo, o modificadas y desarrolladas de acuerdo a las necesidades del mismo y a las características de su situación. Finalmente, se plantean ciertas reflexiones y conclusiones en relación a la aplicación práctica de estas estrategias.
The effect of natural preferences on serving biomechanics: a new approach to the motor skills of tennis players
Authors: Deghaies Kaies , Martin Caroline , Touzard Pierre , Brechbuhl Cyril , Duboscq Jean Marc , Lussiana Thibault , Gindre Cyrille
Published: August 2021

Research has demonstrated the existence of two 'natural preference' profiles in running. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of the natural preferences of ground (with a "posterior and flexion" movement) and air (with an "anterior and extension" movement) on the ball speed and impact position during the service of 19 professional players. The results allow to propose a new reading grid of the service technique to consider the preferential motricity of each player while respecting the biomechanical principles
COSMETICS AS THEMATIC TO APPROACH ORGANIC FUNCTIONS IN CHEMISTRY TEACHING
Authors: FREITAS Tasielle Lima , DA COSTA Maria Aparecida , FREITAS Fabricia Carla Ribeiro Mendes , OLIVEIRA Tatiana de Fátima , MORAES Lilian Marciolina , FIELD S Karla Amâncio Pinto , REZENDE Gláucia Aparecida Andrade , SANTOS Renato Gomes
Published: August 2021

The science teaching has become more complex each passing day regarding its approach in an attempt to promote a more effective content learning, what requires from the teachers reflection concerning their education teaching, aiming at the use of different teaching strategies, such as the approach of chemistry contents through their relation to a social context in which they are inserted, as the use of cosmetics. This paper reports on a pedagogical intervention project in the subject of Supervised Stage IV, which aimed at teaching the chemistry content of organic functions by means of the “cosmetics” thematic. This work was carried out in the form of a minicourse, during two meetings, for students of the Third year of high school in an integrated technical course in chemistry in Itumbiara-GO. In the first meeting it was made use of a questionnaire and two texts, both regarding the thematic. The second meeting dealt with the organic functions identification and their relation to the cosmetics. At the end of the minicourse it was noted that by correlating themes that are part of students' everyday life to Chemistry, they feel more involved and motivated by Chemistry subject, because they can understand its importance and applicability.
MIGRATION OF PENTACHLOROPHENOL RESIDUE FROM SPIKED SECONDARY PAPERBOARD PACKAGING TO EDIBLE GELATIN
Authors: FIORI Raquel , BRANDELLI Adriano , Noreña Caciano P.Z. , PIZZOLATO Tânia M.
Published: August 2021

The consumer exposure to the new harmful substances with origin in packaging which has contact with the food can occur as a result of their intentional migration or not incorporated in the food during the food chain. The paper and the cardboard are used in contact with dry food and that is because of this it is seen by the consumer as healthy. Considering that the gelatin is too consumed by children and athletes and the wood from which the packaging is made suffer chemical procedures with the insecticide pentachlorophenol (PCP) for their preservation, studied the transference and the incorporation of PCP in the secondary packaging of the edible gelatin proving effectiveness from the barrier with polypropylene (PP) use as primary packaging. The results indicate the migration with high temperature (60° C) in a short period of time (48h) when the secondary packaging was fortified with derivatized PCP into 0,01 mg L-1 concentration and put in contact with dry gelatin secured in polypropylene sachet. Other papers also point out the migration of chemical pollutants including chlorophenol and emphasize the importance of this research represent a risk of sub-acute contamination
CHARACTERIZATION OF WASTEWATER OF CATTLE SLAUGHTERHOUSE FOR ITS REUSE
Authors: DIAS Isabel Cristina Lopes , NUNES Gilvanda , CASTRO Antonio Carlos Leal de
Published: August 2021

Brazil has the largest commercial cattle herd in the world, consequently, the generation of wastewaters in this country has enormously grown, and the absence of treatment of these residues directly affects water bodies and soil near slaughterhouses. Given the possibility of reusing wastewaters, this study aimed to examine the quality of wastewaters generated during the slaughter of cattle, in São Luís, State Capital of Maranhão, Brazil, evaluating the compliance of the current legislation regarding the discharge of wastewater and the possibility of reusing it. Thus, we carried out four bimonthly sample collections from the final effluent, obtained at the outlet of the last pond of the effluent treatment station of one of the slaughterhouses of São Luís, to evaluate its physicochemical and microbiological quality. The effluent evaluation showed that it did not meet the standards required by the current federal legislation; therefore, it is not recommended to be reused. Some improvement alternatives were suggested, which may be adopted by other local abattoirs. This study represented a contribution to the slaughterhouse sectors, aiming the strengthening of the state inspection system and expansion of discussions related to the absence of public policies, especially regarding state laws relevant to this agribusiness sector