bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The serendipitous moment leading to the discovery of the Bayesian Mindsponge Framework
Authors: Nguyen Minh-Hoang
Published: December 2021

2021 has not yet ended, but until now, I can say this year is one of the most progressive years in my life. What made me progress so fast is that I discovered the potentials of the Mindsponge mechanism and turned it into an applicable research framework: Bayesian Mindsponge Framework (or Bayesian Mindsponge analytical framework).
Earthquake in Assam and North Bengal and COVID19 in India
Authors: Baig Rusab , Abdul Isra , Mukherjee Dattatreya
Published: December 2021

Earthquake in Assam and north Bengal in IndiaOn April 28, 2021, a 6.4 Richter scale earthquake affected the Sonitpur district of Assam, the tremors of which were felt in north Bengal and other parts of North-East India, as reported by the National Centre for Seismology1. Six more tremors followed the first shake 2. There were reports of widespread damage to buildings and other structures from across Assam, mostly in the central and western towns of Tezpur, Nagaon, Guwahati, Mangaldoi, Dhekiajuli, and Morigaon3. Again on May 3rd, 2021, an earthquake was felt in the Sonitpur district of Assam with a 3.7 magnitude on the Richter scale4. Assam disaster management authority reported that 10 people from 4 districts suffered physical injuries since the first attack on April 28, 2021, and some more time will be needed to know about the actual amount of damage that had taken place5. According to the National Centre for Seismology, the area affected by the earthquake is seismically very active and falls in the highest seismic hazard zone where the Indian tectonic plate subducts with the Eurasian plate because of which there are high chances of future quakes as well6.
Inner Obstacles and Goal-Directed Behaviors of Elite and Youth-Level Cyclists: A Qualitative Analysis From the Perspective of Athletes and Coaches
Authors: Hirsch Anna , Bieleke Maik , Schüler Julia , Wolff Wanja
Published: December 2021

As self-regulation is crucial in top-level performance, prior investigations aimed at the efficacy of the self-regulatory strategy of implementation intentions (i.e., if-then plans) on athletic performance. We investigated the inner obstacles (if) that athletes face in competitive situations and assessed the corresponding goal-directed behaviors (then) to design effective implementation-intention-theory-based interventions. We asked elite and youth-level cyclists (Study 1; N = 34; age: M = 23.7 ± 9.9 years) with a self-designed questionnaire and used a reworded version for assessing these research questions from a coaches’ perspective (Study 2; N = 42; age: M = 50.2 ± 9.8 years). Dealing with demanding situations, pressure, and concentration were most frequently named inner obstacles, while goal-directed behaviors were preparation, self-encouragement, relaxation (athletes), and concentration (coaches). The results highlight the emotional-psychological challenges that elite and youth-level cycling athletes face and provide insights for sport psychological research with implementation intentions.
Partisan Entrepreneurship
Authors: Engelberg Joseph E. , Guzman Jorge , Lu Runjing , Mullins William
Published: December 2021

Republicans start more firms than Democrats. In a sample of 40 million party-identified Americans between 2005 and 2017, we find that 5.5% of Republicans and 3.7% of Democrats become entrepreneurs. This partisan entrepreneurship gap is time-varying: Republicans increase their relative entrepreneurship during Republican administrations and decrease it during Democratic administrations, amounting to a partisan reallocation of 170,000 new firms over our 13-year sample. We find sharp changes in partisan entrepreneurship around the elections of President Obama and President Trump, and the strongest effects among the most politically active partisans: those that donate and vote.
Barriers of School Transition for Children with Disability: Lived Experience of Parents in Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Baraily Khagendra
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to explore the barrier of school transition for the children with disability from the parent's prospective. This study adopted qualitative method along with hermeneutics phenomenology. On the behalf of philosophical orientation, multiple realities were ontological basis and lived experiences of participants were epistemological assumption. The construct of critical disability theory was applied in this study.  Purposefully 5 parents were selected from Kathmandu Valley. Data sources included field's notes, indepth interviews and artifacts.  Interviewed data were transcribed and categorized to develop theme. Result revealed that several challenges such as awareness, attitude, accessibility, misconception, infrastructure, lack of policy implementation and ill motivation about disability are the major barrier towards transition. The perception of parents toward special school and rehabilitation centre are inadequately supporting to smooth transition. This study might be valuable support for policy maker in ensuring the no child left behind for the welfare state.
Magical and Mystical Aspects in Nepali Manuscript Illuminations
Authors: Sharma Yam Prasad
Published: December 2021

Nepali Manuscript illuminations are traditional miniature paintings found in religious manuscripts, including Prajnaparamita, Pancaraksa, Shivadharma, Visnudharma, and Devimahatmya. The religious manuscripts narrate mythical events in verbal texts and illustrate mythical characters and their actions simultaneously. The forms, figures and activities of the characters are symbolic, magical and mystical. The paintings present divine and supernatural characters in their spectacular feats of real life. The artworks represent the characters and events of Hindu and Buddhist myths. Despite the presence of magical and mystical elements, the visual narratives teach moral lessons to the real people of the real world. The symbols signify something else beyond the represented visuals. The miniature paintings motivate the readers and viewers for reading and learning by telling interesting stories. Presentation of strange and unusual characters and events renews viewers' perception providing delight while suggesting ethical values of the society. The presentation through magical and mystical characters and actions conveys moral lessons aesthetic manner. This article traces the magical and mystical features of Nepali manuscript illuminations and attempts to throw light on their significances.
साल्गीको बलात्कृत आँसु कथामा बाह्यसीमित दृष्टिविन्दुको प्रयोग Salgiko Balatkrit Aansu Kathama Bahyasimit Drishtibinduko Prayog
Authors: Barai Tribhuvan
Published: December 2021

प्रस्तुत लेखमा बाह्यसीमित दृष्टिविन्दुको सैद्धान्तिक मान्यताका आधारमा कथाकार पारिजातद्वारा लिखित ‘साल्गीको बलात्कृत आँसु’ कथाको अध्ययन गरिएको छ । उनको प्रस्तुत कथामा प्रयुक्त बाह्यसीमित दृष्टिविन्दुको वैशिष्ट्य कस्तो छ भन्ने जिज्ञासाकोे परिपूर्ति गर्नका लागि यो अध्ययन गरिएको हो । बाह्यसीमित दृष्टिविन्दुको सैद्धान्तिक पर्याधारलाई आधार बनाई प्राथमिक एवम् द्वितीयक स्तरको सामग्रीको उपयोग गरी निगमनात्मक, गुणात्मक र पाठविश्लेषणात्मक शोधविधि अपनाई यहाँ निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ । प्रस्तुत कथामा प्रयुक्त दृष्टिविन्दुको पद्धतिसँग सम्बद्ध पक्षको अध्ययन असंलग्न समाख्याता, कथानकीय सन्दर्भ, पात्रविधानगत अवस्था, एकल पात्रको मनोविश्लेषण एवम् सारवस्तुको प्रस्तुतीकरण र बोधको माध्यम जस्ता उपकरणका आधारमा गरिएको छ । यसैगरी, उक्त कथामा साल्गीलाई दृष्टिविन्दुपात्रका रूपमा आबद्ध गर्नुका कारणहरूको विश्लेषणमा सीमान्तीयता, लैङ्गिकता, जातीयता, आर्थिक अवस्था र नारीवादी डिस्कोर्स जस्ता मानदण्डलाई अपनाइएको छ भने साल्गीको चरित्रनिर्माणमा प्रयुक्त मनोविश्लेषणात्मक आधारहरूको अध्ययन जीवनमूलप्रवृत्ति, मृत्युमूलप्रवृत्ति, आत्मरतिग्रन्थि, अचेतन र चेतन मन जस्ता मानकका आधारमा गरिएको छ । बाह्य सीमित दृष्टिविन्दुको प्रयोगले प्रस्तुत कथाको संरचनात्मक र अर्थीय दुवै पक्षको निर्माणमा महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका खेली कथालाई कलात्मक, सौन्दर्यपूर्ण र मानवीय संवेदनायुक्त बनाएको कुरा यस अध्ययनमा प्राप्त गरिएको छ । अन्त्यमा, उक्त दृष्टिविन्दुको प्रयोगले प्रस्तुत कथाका आयामगत लघुता, आख्यानको एकान्विति, आफैमा पूर्णता, प्रभावान्विति, पृथक् रचनाविधानगत पद्धतिप्रतिको आबद्धता, मानवीय जीवनको खण्डात्मक चित्रण जस्ता वैशिष्ट्यहरू परिपाकमा पुग्नुले कथाकार पारिजातमा कथा सिर्जना गर्ने शिल्प र सामथ्र्य बेजोड रहेकोे निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ ।
Is There a Race to the Bottom? The Impact of Globalization on National Regulatory Policies
Authors: Vogel David
Published: December 2021

The impact of globalization on the regulatory policies of governments has been the focus of considerable public debate and scholarly research. The public debate has been largely shaped by critics of globalization, who claim that the integration of national economics has both undermined national autonomy and forced nations to relax their regulatory standards. According to this perspective, as capital and corporations move more freely move across national boundaries, governments are forced to engage in regulatory competition. In order to either retain current investments or attract new ones, they must lower the costs of doing business. One way of doing so is to weaken labor and environmental standards The result is a “race to the bottom” as political jurisdictions compete with one another by progressively reducing the protections they provide to their citizens.
Chronique : À quoi bon les statistiques de la diversité ?
Authors: Tin Louis-Georges
Published: December 2021

Jusqu’alors, la question des statistiques ethniques était en France un véritable tabou. Pour ce qui est des Noirs, par exemple, la volonté de ne pas savoir l’emportait largement. Personne en France ne voulait, personne ne pouvait savoir combien ils étaient dans ce pays. Les chiffres les plus divers circulaient offcieusement, et ils allaient de l à 6 millions.
On the Intellectual Origins of Francois Furet’s Masterpiece
Authors: Moyn Samuel
Published: December 2021

Between 1971, when François Furet published the first parts of what would become Interpreting the Forench Revolution, and 1977, when he wrote the rest, his identity as a historian and intellectual underwent a radical shift. Surprisingly, however, no one has registered the importance of the simple fact that the text of the finished book is not a unity, either compositionally or conceptually — that, given the lapse of time and the depth of Furet’s transformation, it is the best and most decisive evidence available for coming to terms with the nature of his evolution.
Tocqueville, America, and Us: On the genesis of democratic societies
Authors: Gauchet Marcel
Published: December 2021

The aim in the following pages is to consider Tocqueville’s thought less for its own sake than for its contemporary significance. What does democracy mean today, what has it become, and what can Tocqueville’s way of thinking about it tell us about its future? His great study of America remains an incomparably vibrant source for understanding our political universe, one that appears astonishingly present each time one revisits it.
Herpes zóster oftálmico, complicación del virus herpes zóster
Authors: Hernández Chacón José Roberto , Torres Morales Sheirys Arleth , Hernández Chacón Evelyn María
Published: December 2021

El herpes zóster proviene de la palabra herpes en latín y zoster en griego que significa cinturón.  El virus de la varicela zoster pertenece a la familia Herpesviridae, subfamilia Alfaherpesvirinae; es un virus icosahédrico de ADN doble banda e infecta exclusivamente a humanos. La primoinfección afecta principalmente a los niños, posteriormente el paciente se vuelve inmune al virus, por lo que permanece inactivo en los ganglios de la raíz dorsal o craneales. El principal factor de riesgo es la edad ya que conforme aumenta la edad, disminuye la inmunidad celular. El herpes zoster oftálmico es una variante grave del herpes zoster y ocurre en el 20% de los casos. No siempre involucra el ojo, sin embargo, existe un riesgo de un 50% de que exista enfermedad ocular si se afecta la primera división del quinto par craneal o trigémino. El signo de Hutchinson es un predictor, esto dado que se caracteriza por la presencia de una vesícula en la punta nasal, y esto representa al dermatomo de la rama naso ciliar del nervio oftálmico. Se recomienda el uso de antivirales orales durante 7 a 10 días como por ejemplo aciclovir, valaciclovir o famciclovir. En caso de que el paciente presente el signo de Hutchinson se debe dar cita control de 1 a 2 semanas posterior al diagnóstico y en caso de presentar el ojo rojo, debe ser revalorado antes de las 48 horas, pero si asocia disminución de la agudeza visual se debe revalorar antes de las 24 horas.
Alcoholismo en adolescencia: visión Latinoamericana
Authors: Boza Díaz Daniel , Núñez Chaves Andrea , Antúnez Oliva José Alberto
Published: December 2021

El alcoholismo es una condición siempre presente en la humanidad, en las sociedades civilizadas; apenas recientemente en la historia de la ciencia comienzan a entenderse las implicaciones del consumo abusivo del alcohol, especialmente desde tempranas edades, representando un problema de salud tanto en plano físico como de salud mental. Se deben tomar en consideración estrategias de control y educación.
The Counseling Challenges Facing Muslim Clients across the World
Authors: Osman Afaf , Abdallah Ssekamanya Siraje , Ismail Abdulfatai Olohunfunmi
Published: December 2021

This systematic review is conducted with the major aim of highlighting the need for a comprehensive and modern Islamic counselling Model, due to the psychological challenges facing Muslim clients across the world. The main source of data collection in the research is past empirical studies related to the field of counselling as it affects Muslim countries. The study found, from the extant literature reviewed, that there is a high incidence of psychological problems among Muslim populated countries, especially the crises-ridden and turbulent regions such as Syria, Yemen, Palestine and others, as well as among the Muslim minority groups in some countries, such as the US, the UK and other European countries. It was discovered from the literature that the major causes of mental health problems are: lack of the fear of God, wars, poverty, natural disasters, political unrest, discrimination and Islamophobic tendencies. In this regard, the study highlights the need for research and action plans that focus on the well-being of Muslims in the entire global community. It is imperative that Muslims require professional assistance from specially trained counsellors equipped with culturally and Islamically-relevant skills for the mitigation of mental distress and depression. The need for a comprehensive Islamic counselling model that matches and competes with the western-oriented counselling models, is proposed. For precisely this purpose, therefore, the Al-Ghazali counselling model has been recently developed, which is compatible and commensurate with modern scientific therapeutic techniques, and is found to be a highly promising intervention for clients with mental and psychological challenges.
PENGARUH METANOL DAN ETANOL TERHADAP SIFAT PENGUAPAN BENSIN RON 92: PENGUKURAN TEKANAN UAP DENGAN METODE REID DAN DRY
Authors: Abdurrojaq Nurmajid , Ginanjar Kemal , Hidayat Wahyu Nur , Adwitiya Gian Akmal , Zaelani Rizal , Anggarani Riesta , Wibowo Cahyo Setyo , Fathurrahman Nur Alif
Published: December 2021

Tekanan uap merupakan salah satu parameter penting dari bahan bakar minyak jenis bensin yang menentukan kualitas bahan bakar, sifat penyalaan mesin, hingga faktor keamanan. Penelitian ini menyajikan sifat penguapan bahan bakar jenis bensin yang dipengaruh oleh campuran alkohol jenis metanol dan etanol. Tiga metode standar untuk pengujian tekanan uap digunakan pada penelitian ini, meliputi ASTM D323, D4953, dan D5191. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan metanol dan etanol pada konsentrasi rendah (< 20%-volume) menghasilkan peningkatan tekanan uap bensin, meskipun tekanan uap metanol dan etanol lebih rendah dari bensin.  Hal tersebut mengindikasikan adanya kesetimbangan uap-cair yang berubah ketika bensin dicampurkan dengan alkohol, sehingga bahan bakar cenderung berubah wujud menjadi uap pada suhu pengujian 37,8 oC. Interaksi tersebut menyebabkan pengukuran tekanan uap campuran bensin-alkohol dengan metode ASTM D323 menjadi tidak akurat. Senyawa oksigenat yang bertanggung jawab terhadap interaksi ikatan hidrogen lebih mudah berinteraksi dengan air, menyebabkan keterbatasan pada ruang lingkup metode ASTM D323 untuk pengukuran campuran bensin dan alkohol (oksigenat). Alhasil metode yang diperuntukkan untuk analisis tekanan uap campuran bensin-alkohol adalah metode dry vapor pada ASTM D4953 dengan meminimalisir penggunaan air dan kelembapan dari kondisi pengujian. Hasil pengukuran tekanan uap campuran bensin-alkohol dari ASTM D4953 menunjukkan kesesuaian dengan ASTM D5191. Perbedaan yang dihasilkan dari kedua metode tersebut terhadap tekanan uap campuran bensin-alkohol sebesar 0,8-2,6 kPa (lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan nilai reprodusibilitas metode uji).
Analisis Perbandingan Jenis Material Penukar Kalor Plat Datar Aliran Silang Untuk Proses Pengeringan Kayu
Authors: Sonjaya Abeth Novria , Marhaenanto Marhaenanto , Faiq Mokhamad Eka , Firman La Ode M
Published: December 2021

The processed wood industry urgently needs a dryer to improve the quality of its production. One of the important components in a dryer is a heat exchanger. To support a durable heat transfer process, a superior material is needed. The aim of the study was to analyze the effectiveness of the application of cross-flow flat plate heat exchangers to be used in wood dryers and compare the materials used and simulate heat transfer on cross-flow flat plate heat exchangers using Computational Fluid Dynamic simulations. The results showed that there was a variation in the temperature out of dry air and gas on the flat plate heat exchanger and copper material had a better heat delivery by reaching the temperature out of dry air and gas on the flat plate type heat exchanger of successive cross flow and.   overall heat transfer coefficient value and the effectiveness value of the heat exchanger of the heat transfer characteristics that occur with the cross-flow flat plate type heat exchanger in copper material of 251.74725 W/K and 0.25.
Case Report: Osteomesh Cranioplasty in a 20-Year-Old Trauma Patient
Authors: Torio Erickson , Maala Jonna , Torio Erickson , Torcuator Roy Allan
Published: December 2021

In this study, we present a case of a 20-year-old male who suffered from severe traumatic brain injury with intracerebral hemorrhage, thus requiring decompressive craniectomy. Five months after, the patient underwent cranioplasty with the use of Osteomesh, a scaffold bone filler in reconstructing the post-operative cranial defect.
Justyna Szafryńska, wizjonerka gietrzwałdzka, i jej rodzina. Studium genealogiczne w świetle parafialnych ksiąg metrykalnych
Authors: Łatak Kazimierz
Published: December 2021

Artykuł zawiera rezultaty kwerendy nad genealogią Justyny Szafryńskiej, wizjonerki objawień maryjnych w Gietrzwałdzie w 1877 r., a także jej rodziny. Podstawę źródłową studium stanowiły księgi metrykalne parafii w Gietrzwałdzie. Odszukane i zestawione informacje źródłowe stworzyły spójny i w miarę czytelny obraz środowiska rodzinnego, z którego pochodziła wizjonerka. Objawienia były ważnym wydarzeniem na gruncie religijnym, społecznym i kulturowym; dały początek sanktuarium maryjnemu, które na mapie geografii religijnej Polski jest miejscem porównywanym czasem z Częstochową, a nawet z Lourdes. Wydaje się zatem, że studium nasze wpisze się w nurt badań nad fenomenem tego miejsca. Będzie też użytecznym przyczynkiem w pracy nad ewentualną krytyczną biografią wizjonerki, która jest niezbędna, podobnie jak całościowa i krytyczna monografia sanktuarium.
События 2014 года в Украине глазами отечественных и зарубежных исследователей
Authors: Morozowa Olga
Published: December 2021

Artykuł jest próbą odpowiedzi na pytania dotyczące poważnych problemów rozwoju państwa ukraińskiego, które umożliwiły rosyjską agresję na Ukrainę w 2014 r. (w szczególności aneksję Krymu przez Rosję, okupację Donbasu z dalszymi zamiarami podboju terytoriów ukraińskich, itp.). Praca opiera się na badaniach autorytatywnych ukraińskich i zagranicznych uczonych, którzy kiedyśpodkreślali te problematyczne momenty rozwoju Ukrainy, które osłabiły państwo od wewnątrz, a później umożliwiły agresję zewnętrzną. Autorka twierdzi, że wydarzenia 2014 r. na Ukrainie katalizowały długofalową brutalną politykę Federacji Rosyjskiej wobec młodego państwa ukraińskiego oraz ukazały problemy rozwoju poszczególnych regionów Ukrainy i państwa jako całości, co pozwoliło stronie rosyjskiej zmienić mapę Ukrainy. Zdaniem autorki, dla historyków ostatnie wydarzenia w państwie ukraińskim nie były cudem. Zarówno ukraińskie, jak i światowe środowisko naukowe od wielu lat dostrzega realne zagrożenie dla integralności ziem ukraińskich ze strony najbliższego sąsiada, czyli Federacji Rosyjskiej. Czynniki destabilizujące normalny rozwój i postęp państwa ukraińskiego, stymulujące odśrodkowe tendencje separatystyczne, a docelowo rosyjska agresja na Ukrainę w 2014 r. to: niski poziom edukacji narodowej, w tym historycznej; niezrozumienie i pogarda dla cech i wartości narodowych (język, kultura, historia itp.); niedostateczna znajomość trudnej tragicznej drogi Ukraińców w kierunku samostanowienia i niezależności; słabość w obronie swoich praw narodowych; różnice cywilizacyjne Zachodu i Wschodu Ukrainy; skład populacji - istnienie nadmiernego odsetka mniejszości narodowych w porównaniu z ludnością autochtoniczną, co przyczyniło się do zwrócenia większej uwagi na problemy innych narodowości i zmniejszenie zainteresowania problemami narodu tubylczego; istnienie „słabych punktów” rozwoju politycznego, społeczno-gospodarczego, kulturalnego Ukraińców, co było wykorzystywane przez propagandę rosyjską do celów antypaństwowych itd.
Jana Karola Chodkiewicza (1686–1712), starosty wielońskiego, błudeńskiego, bejsagolskiego i dawgieliskiego percepta oraz wydatki na naukę w Warszawie w latach 1700–1705. Przyczynek do historii kształcenia młodzieży magnackiej w Rzeczpospolitej
Authors: Wołoszyn Adam
Published: December 2021

Postać Jana Karola Chodkiewicza (1686–1712) z linii supraskiej nie doczekała się do tej pory swojego opracowania choćby w postaci noty biograficznej. Artykuł niniejszy przybliża więc wybrany fragment z życiorysu wyżej wymienionego bohatera, który w latach 1700–1705 przebywał na naukach w szkole jezuickiej w Warszawie. Okres nauk stanowił ważne wydarzenie w życiu młodych magnatów, którzy w ich ramach przygotowywali się do służby państwowej i funkcjonowania w społeczeństwie szlacheckim. Nie inaczej było w przypadku Jana Karola, dziedzica ogromnej fortuny chodkiewiczowskiej, który resztę swojego krótkiego życia spędził później na sporach o dobra ojczyste. Młody starosta pobierał nauki w trudnym dla Warszawy i Rzeczpospolitej okresie zawirowań polityczno-militarnych, jakie przyniosła ze sobą Wielka Wojna Północna (1700–1721). Wydarzenia tego czasu, których był świadkiem, stanowiły niewątpliwie dla niego dodatkową szkołę życiową. W tekście zostały opisane dochody (percepta) oraz wydatki Jana Karola Chodkiewicza (1686–1712), starosty wielońskiego, błudeńskiego, bejsagolskiego i dawgieliskiego, na naukę w Warszawie w latach 1700–1705. Prezentowane źródła, zamieszczone w postaci aneksów, pozwalają zrekonstruować dwór młodego magnata: iloma dysponował sługami, na jakie rzeczy oraz zbytki wydawał najwięcej pieniędzy, ile kosztowały konkretne przedmioty i usługi w omawianym okresie. Można się również zorientować w magnackim jadłospisie, panującej modzie męskiej oraz jakiego rodzaju nauki były przez niego najchętniej pobierane. Z tych względów, artykuł ten o charakterze przyczynkarskim, może stanowić impuls do dalszych badań nad dziejami kształcenia młodzieży magnackiej w państwie polsko-litewskim, ale także zwrócić uwagę na materialną kwestię związaną z tego typu wyjazdami studenckimi.
Wyprawy rabunkowe mieszkańców północnego Mazowsza do powiatu szczycieńskiego w latach 1945–1946 w świetle źródeł Ministerstwa Ziem Odzyskanych
Authors: Gross Radosław
Published: December 2021

W 1945 i 1946 r. w powiecie szczycieńskim, położonym w południowej części Okręgu Mazurskiego, a później województwa olsztyńskiego, dochodziło do bardzo groźnych i niebezpiecznych wydarzeń. Obszar ten był miejscem wypraw łupieżczych, w których brali udział mieszkańcy północnych powiatów województwa warszawskiego. Codziennością stały się: przemoc, rabunki i grabieże. Ofiarami padali na ogół autochtoni, których siłą usuwano z ich domostw i gospodarstw, a czasem także faktyczni osadnicy, którzy przybywali z myślą o trwałym osadnictwie. W proceder grabieży włączali się często funkcjonariusze MO i UB, co wzmacniało wśród grup dokonujących rabunków poczucie bezkarności. Trudnej sytuacji nie była w stanie rozwiązać władza lokalna. Tymczasem zjawisko to stało się na tyle niebezpieczne dla procesu osadnictwa i późniejszego rozwoju gospodarczego tych ziem, że doprowadziło do podjęcia jesienią 1946 r. przez Ministerstwo Ziem Odzyskanych działań interwencyjnych, w tym m.in. w Ministerstwie Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego. Ich śladem jest kilka dokumentów wytworzonych przez MZO, w których problem ten został opisany. Mimo stopniowej poprawy stanu bezpieczeństwa po 1946 r., społeczne i gospodarcze skutki wspomnianych zjawisk były odczuwane na tych terenach przez wiele kolejnych lat.
Nostalgiczne powroty do przeszłości. O fenomenie wielkich blokowisk oraz retroprzedmiotach w najnowszej prozie realistycznej
Authors: Piechota Dariusz
Published: December 2021

This article describes the phenomenon of large blocks of flats in the latest popular prose. It indicates that many writers, such as Cichowski,  Chutnik, and Wilk, return to their childhood spent in the period of the late PRL [the Polish People’s Republic]. The leisurely rhythm of the story along with the factual recording of the old world reflect the atmosphere of the lost carefree life. The rich enumeration of retro-objects develops into the glorification of the past. Chutnik, Wilk and Cichowski focus on describing interpersonal relationships based on friendship and solidarity. Their works constitute a valuable bridge between the past and the present.
Transformacja wątku Lenory Bürgera we współczesnej kulturze popularnej
Authors: Wieczorek Lidia
Published: December 2021

In the Romantic era, Bürger’s “Lenore” with its motif of a woman kidnapped by the ghost of her lover was very popular among authors from various nations. The contemporary interpretation of this literary topos can be found in the stories describing love relationships between a woman and a vampire and frequently based on the same patterns. Having contact with the undead lover, the heroine crosses the border between the worlds and herself becomes a borderland creature.
Mala consuetudo
Authors: Kerneis Soazick
Published: December 2021

Le concept de coutume est une création des juristes occidentaux permettant de convertir les usages autochtones dans les termes de l’ordre juridique dominant. Si la contrainte de l’État est décisive dans la formulation de la coutume, faut-il penser qu’en Europe aussi elle fut une création étatique, les peuples ne participant guère à son épanouissement ? La mala consuetudo médiévale témoigne d’un rapport de force si bien qu’il faut restituer la pratique des usages, l’action du peuple dans la redéfinition des coutumes. L’article considère le contenu de l’expression médiévale comme une catégorie de pensée et la transpose dans l’Antiquité romaine afin de revenir sur le processus de création des consuetudines. Si la consuetudo romaine est bien une création du pouvoir, les communautés auxquelles elle s’applique parviennent aussi à contenir son périmètre. Sa pérennité tient sans doute en partie au fait qu’elle a été perçue ensuite comme un privilège communautaire.

The concept of custom is a creation of Western lawyers allowing for the conversion of indigenous uses into the terms of the dominant legal order. If the State’s constraint is ultimately decisive in the formulation of custom, does that mean in Europe too it was essentially a State creation, with the peoples hardly participating in its existence? The mala consuetudo is a matter of power relations, so that it is necessary to emphasize the impact of practices, of popular action on the shaping of customs. This article considers the content of the medieval expression as a category of thought and transposes it to Roman antiquity in order to reconsider the development of consuetudines. If the Roman consuetudo was indeed a creation of power, the communities to which it applied managed to contain its perimeter. Its durability is probably due in part to the fact that it was perceived as a community privilege.
AN ASSESSMENT OF USER PREFERENCE IN ARTIFICIAL PATHWAY LIGHTING IN URBAN PARKS; Cases from Greater Colombo region
Authors:   University of Moratuwa, Wickremasinghe L.L.S. , Hettiarachchi A.A. ,   University of Moratuwa
Published: December 2021

Urban parks are critical in converting cities to liveable spaces, where artificial lighting directly affects the users’ night-time experience. This study explores the urban park users’ preferences in artificial pathway lighting, through their subjective responses towards Brightness, Correlated Colour Temperature (CCT), and luminaires of the existing lighting design, at four popular urban parks in Colombo. The reasons for the said preferences were investigated under three overarching themes: perceived safety, perceived quality of light, and restorative experience. A mixed methods approach was employed for data collection, where questionnaires were used together with measurements, in-situ observations, and photographic analysis for better understanding. The user preferences were found to be directly associated with their perception of the lit environment. The existing brightness levels are insufficient for majority of the users and has affected their perception of safety. The poor selection and placement of luminaires have negatively affected the lighting quality, while the positive effect on the users’ restorative experience has induced a higher preference towards the CCT of the light sources. The results revealed that the majority of the users opted for changes in the current lighting design, indicating that the user needs and requirements are not effectively addressed in this regard.
KEGIATAN TEKNIS DI PERPUSTAKAAN POLI TEKNIK KEMENTERIAN KESEHATAN MATARAM
Authors: Khairi Lalu amirul , Lubis Lubis , Hafiz Abdul
Published: December 2021

Perpustakaan juga sangat berperan penting dalam menumbuhkan minat baca pada masyarakat. Namun dalam hal ini pusrtakawan, orang tua juga tenaga pendidik harus bekerja sama dalam memperkenalkan perpustakaan sejak dini. Contohnya pada mahasiswa perkuliahan, ketika seorang mahasiswa memiliki niat membaca yang tinggi maka mereka akan sangat bersemangat untuk terus aktif dalam mengikuti masa perkuliahan. Oleh sebab itu, disini seorang pustakawan lebih berperan penting dalam mengajak para mahasiswa untuk datang dan membaca buku walau hanya beberapa menit saja, atau bisa dengan bantuan dosen yang memberikan tugas kepada mahasiswa yang berkaitan dengan masalah perpustakaan. Sehingga perlu diadakannya kegiatan pengabdian masayarakat untuk kegiatan teknis perpustakaan Politeknik Kementrian Kesehatan Mataram. Target khusus yang diharapkan tercapai adalah perbaikan kualitas pelayanan teknis sehingga membantu pemustaka dalam mempermudah menemukan informasi. Adapun metode yang digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut adalah dengan cara melakukan kegiatan teknis di perpustakaan. Semua tahapan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat di Politeknik Kementrian Kesehatan Mataram  telah 100% dilaksanakan dan menghasilkan luaran diantaranya yaitu (1) Adanya aplikasi slims yang telah digunakan di Perpustakaan Poltekkes Kemenkes Mataram sehingga dapat membantu meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan  perpustakaan (2) Kegiatan ini juga dapat memudahkan pengguna perpustakaan saat mencari bahan pustaka dan dapat mempermudah pustakawan dalam mengelola perpustakaan secara otomatis.
Synthesis and Characterization of High Temperature Properties of YBa2Cu3O6+δ Superconductor as Potential Cathode for Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Grassi Joaquín , Macías Mario A. , Basbus Juan F. , Castiglioni Jorge , Gauthier Gilles H. , Serquis Adriana C. , Suescun Leopoldo
Published: December 2021

YBa2Cu3O6+δ (YBC) oxygen deficient perovskite was synthesized by an auto-combustion method and was studied as potential cathode for Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (IT-SOFC). Synchrotron X-ray thermodiffraction in air shows a phase transition from orthorhombic Pmmm to tetragonal P4/mmm space groups at ~ 425 °C. The chemical compatibility with Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (GDC) electrolyte was investigated in air where certain reactivity was observed above 800 °C. However, the main phase is Ba(Ce1-xYx)O3, a good ionic conductor. The catalytic performance in air was obtained by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements on YBC/GDC/YBC symmetrical cells. The area specific resistance (ASR) values change from 13.66 to 0.14 Ω cm2 between 500 and 800 °C, with activation energy (Ea) of 0.41 eV. The results suggest potential applications of YBC as IT-SOFC cathode.
Composition Materials with Metal Matrix Condensed from the Vapor Phase
Authors: Grechanyuk N.I. , Grechanyuk V.G. , Manulyk A.F.
Published: December 2021

The data of condensed from vapor phase disperse reinforced materials design is presented. It is shown that the material's mechanical properties depend on matrix type, types of dispersed particles, temperature and roughness of the substrate, purity of initial materials, and its evaporation speed.
Recent Advances in the Reutilization of Granite Waste in Various Fields
Authors: Wang Di , Lu Jinshan , Zhan Junxiong , Liu Zhiyong , Xie Bin
Published: December 2021

Quarrying and processing of granite produce large amounts of waste residues. Besides being a loss of resources, improper disposal of these wastes results in pollution of the soil, water and air around the dumpsites. The main components of granite waste are quartz, feldspars and a small amount of biotite. Due to its hard and dense texture, high strength, corrosion resistance and wear resistance, granite waste may be recycled into building materials, composite materials and fine ceramics, effectively improving their mechanical properties and durability. By using the flotation process, high value-added products such as potash feldspar and albite may be retrieved from granite waste. Also, granite waste has the potential for application in soil remediation and sewage treatment. This review presents recent advances in granite waste reutilization, and points out the problems associated with its use, and the related countermeasures, indicating the scale of high value-added reutilization of granite waste.
On Semi-Classical Approach to Materials Electronic Structure
Authors: Chkhartishvili Levan
Published: December 2021

Materials atomic structure, ground-state and physical properties as well as their chemical reactivity mainly are determined by electronic structure. When first-principles methods of studying the electronic structure acquire good predictive power, the best approach would be to design new functional materials theoretically and then check experimentally only most perspective ones. In the paper, the semi-classical model of multi-electron atom is constructed, which makes it possible to calculate analytically (in special functions) the electronic structure of atomic particles themselves and materials as their associated systems. Expected relative accuracy makes a few percent, what is quite acceptable for materials science purposes.
MAQÂSHIDÎ INTERPRETATION; A STUDY ON INTERPRETATION OF AHKAM VERSES IN THE APPLICATION OF MAQÂSHID ASY-SYARÎAH
Authors: Seroza Candra Boy , Ridwan Ahmad Hasan
Published: December 2021

This study explains Maqâshidî Interpretation and its application in interpretation Of Ahkam Verses, and aims to discussion on Maqâshid asy-Syarî’ah and the significance and urgency of  Maqâshidî. Maqâshidî's  inter-pretation is expected to provide an alternative interpretation in providing solutions for contemporary problematics and reinterpretation of the interpretation formulations that have been out of date. The research method used in this research is qualitative method and analytical descriptive method. This study concludes that The character of Syarî'ah is permanent and governs the whole af'âl al-Mukallaf in every place and time, then the approach or method of maqâshidî interpretation in interpreting Âyât al-ahkâm is a necessity and very imfortant. The discourse of Âyât al-AhKâm interpretation discusses on the place of law formulation against a problem (Fi'l al-Mukallaf). he necessity of interpretation of the approach or method of Maqâshidî interpretation is not only effective in responding to new issues that have never appeared before but also empowered to reinterpret the formulation of interpretations that have not been relevant anymore in the context of the present and the contemporary.Keywords:   Maqâshidî Interpretation, Maqâshid asy-Syarî’ah, Âyât al-AhKâm,
Seroprevalence of Human Papilloma Virus in Aborted Women in Kirkuk City
Authors: Zaea khoshaba Jacklen , Sadoon Mustafa Salwa , Abdulla Alazzawy Muhannad
Published: December 2021

The aimed of the study was to evaluate the Seroprevalence of human papilloma virus (HPV) in aborted women. A cross-sectional study was carried out in Kirkuk city from 10th of March 2017 to 10th of July 2017 The number of aborted women understudy were 65 women who attended for curettage in Kirkuk general hospital. The control group who were matched to the patients studied included 30 normal pregnant women at the full term of pregnancy, women with Toxoplasma gondii , rubella and cytomegalovirus infections were excluded from the study. Five ml of blood was collected by vein puncture from each woman in the study, the obtained sera then organized to determine of HPV 16 E7 protein in patients and control using ELISA technique.The study showed that the highest rate of HPV infection (35.38%) was recorded among women with abortion comparing with the control group, with a highly significant relation. The study showed that 75.38% of women had aborted in the 1st trimester of pregnancy and the lowest rate of abortion 9.24% was in the 3rd trimester. The study showed that the highest rate of HPV infection was found in women with 1st trimester of abortion (38.78%) and the lowest rate was in the 3rd trimester of abortion. The study showed that the highest rate of HPV infection was recorded among aborted women who have suffered from one abortion during their marriage life. It was concluded that there was a significant relation of HPV with abortion spatially in women who were aborted in the first trimester of pregnancy.
DARI ISLAM POLITIK KE ACEHNOLOGI BIOGRAFI PEMIKIRAN KAMARUZZAMAN BUSTAMAM- AHMAD
Authors: Cibro Ramli
Published: December 2021

Tulisan ini ingin mengulas biografi pemikiran seorang intelektual muda Aceh yaitu Kamaruzzaman Bustamam Ahmad. Pemilihan nama Kamaruzzaman Bustamam Ahmad (selanjutnya disebut KBA) dilakukan karena pertama, gagasan intelektualnya yang berpengaruh di Aceh. Secara umum, mazhab Acehnologi yang dikembangkan dari wacana subaltern studies, telah menarik perhatian publik dan diperbincangkan secara nasional maupun internasional. Kedua, karena nama tersebut telah menjadi perhatian penulis sejak tahun 2013, dimana penulis kemudian banyak berinteraksi dengan KBA mengkoleksi hampir seluruh karya tulisnya, dan mempelajari pemikiran-pemikirannya. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah diskursus analisis, berupa analisa dan bedah terhadap karya dan pemikiran KBA. Dari studi pendahuluan, penulis mengetahui bahwa pada mulanya  yakni sejak tahun 1996 KBA memilih konsentrasi Islam Politik perihal hubungan antara keislaman dan kebangsaan. Pada tahun 2015, KBA kemudian beralih pada studi kawasan khususnya studi Asia Tenggara meliputi studi pemikiran Islam, Jama’ah Tabligh dan Terorisme.  Pada tahun 2009 bertepatan dengan saat ia kembali ke Aceh, KBA mengerucutkan kajian ke dalam studi keacehan, hingga melahirkan mazhab Acehnologi pada tahun 2011. Sejak saat itu, hingga selanjutnya, penulis mengasumsikan pemikiran KBA dalam kerangka Acehnologi. Bahkan ketika tahun 2017 KBA melibatkan diri dalam diskusi Masa Depan Dunia, Islam Nusantara dan Imajinasi Kebangsaan, penulis masih meletakkannya dalam kerangka Acehnologi. Artinya, ketiga tema terakhir tersebut dibedah oleh KBA melalui world-view Acehnologi.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of dequalinium chloride vaginal tablets in aerobic vaginitis: A placebo-controlled study
Authors: Tekgunduz Sibel Ejder , Saracoglu Ferit
Published: December 2021

Background: Aerobic vaginitis is a disturbance of vaginal homeostasis caused by the colonization of enteric bacteria. They are not clinically well-defined and do not have standard treatment regimes. Hence, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of dequalinium chloride topical vaginal administration in aerobic vaginitis in a placebo-controlled manner. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in a placebo-controlled manner to demonstrate the effectiveness of vaginal 10 mg dequalinium chloride. A total of 30 patients with different vaginal infections were included in the study. The patients included in the study were divided between the drug group and the placebo group and were treated with one vaginal tablet daily for 6 days. The total symptom score, which consists of the assessment of discharge, itching, and burning sensation, and the lactobacillus grade evaluated microscopically, was determined. Results: It was found that the effectiveness of dequalinium chloride was very high compared to placebo (92% vs. 0%). The reproduction frequency in the first visit was statistically significantly lower in the drug group compared to the placebo group (P < 0.001). Conclusion: It was found that dequalinium chloride is effective for the treatment of aerobic vaginitis. However, studies containing a larger sample group, including the long-term effects (efficacy and side effects) of the drug, should be conducted to prove our conclusion.
Impacted leopard tooth in thyroid gland of victim in a case of leopard attack – A case report
Authors: Das Uddalok , Pandit Narayan
Published: December 2021

Attacks by wild animals on humans are not rare in India. Most of the cases are seen in rural areas and areas adjoining forest lands. The nature of the attack may be predatory or defensive. The main culprit for this is deforestation and encroachment of humans into the natural habitats of wild animals. Wild animal attacks can cause very severe injuries, including lacerations, fractures, and vascular injuries, and are often associated with high rates of mortality. Treatment depends on the type and nature of the injury. Those who survive the initial attack often succumb to infection and septicemia during the early hospital stay. Psychiatric complications are also common in survivors. We present the case of a 70-year-old man, who was attacked by a leopard. He sustained a few lacerated bite injuries to the neck and was treated at North Bengal Medical College and Hospital. A computed tomography scan of the neck revealed a tooth of the animal impacted in the thyroid gland of the patient. The patient is currently receiving treatment for deranged thyroid function, and awaiting normalization of the same, to get anesthetic fitness for surgical removal of the tooth. Treating surgeons must be well aware of the patterns of injuries and their treatment in cases of animal attack injuries. In-depth clinical and radiological investigations are of utmost importance to find out occult injuries that may become life-threatening. A standardized treatment protocol needs to be developed for the treatment of wild animal attack victims. There is a need to extend health care into the remote areas of the nation, for early treatment of such cases.
The Relationship Between Exclusive Breastfeeding And Diarrhea In Children Aged 6-24 Months At Aek Parombunan Public Health Center, South Sibolga 2019
Authors: Lubis Tamara , Dwi Rita Anggraini
Published: December 2021

Diarrhea is a symptom of infection in the intestinal tract with the second death rate in the world in children under five years of age. Risk factors for the incidence of diarrhea in children under five are host factors that increase susceptibility to diarrhea, not giving exclusive breastfeeding (ASI), not giving breastfeeding for 2 years, malnutrition, measles and immunodeficiency. Breastfeeding (ASI) contains the best nutrients that match the needs of the baby and exclusive breastfeeding is carried out from birth to the first six months without any additional food or drink. Several studies have shown that the immunity content of breastfeeding is able to coat the gastrointestinal mucosa and protect the digestive tract from incoming pathogens. The aim of this study is to find out the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of diarrhea in children aged 6-24 months at Puskesmas Aek Parombunan, Sibolga Selatan in 2019. The research design used was observational analytic cross-sectional with the criteria for the research sample of toddlers aged 6-24 months. The sampling technique in this study used total sampling. The research instrument was a medical record and data analysis used the chi-square test. Based on the results of the study, there was a relation between exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of diarrhea.
La recherche-action et ses contributions à la science méthodologique: aspects généraux
Authors: Dendasck Carla Viana
Published: December 2021

En raison de l’augmentation de la popularité et de la possibilité d’utiliser la recherche-action, l’instrument a commencé à être utilisé de manière significative, mais avec un concept non encore consolidé, le terme a été appliqué de manière abstraite, sans interprétations profondes et détaillées de l’utilisation dans divers contextes. Il est destiné à clarifier tout au long de cet article le sens du terme, et comment ce type d’instrument peut être appliqué de la meilleure façon, agissant dans la sphère de la rigueur scientifique et méthodologique. Le problème de la recherche est le suivant: quelles sont les possibilités d’utiliser la recherche-action, ses étapes et les soins fondamentaux? La pertinence de l’outil réside dans le fait qu’il permet la conduite d’une recherche de manière systématisée, continue et empirique. Ainsi, il sera discuté du rôle de la théorie dans la recherche-action et les caractéristiques inhérentes à ses phases fondamentales seront soulignées. Certaines questions courantes liées à la méthode, telles que la participation du chercheur, la fonction sociale de la réflexion, la nécessité de gérer les connaissances acquises et l’éthique dans la recherche devraient être prises en compte. Enfin, quelques « modèles » de recherche-action sont présentés qui peuvent contribuer aux chercheurs dans le choix méthodologique et l’organisation.
ПОПЕРЕДНІЙ АНАЛІЗ ПРОЦЕСУ КОНВЕРГЕНЦІЇ СИСТЕМ КІБЕРБЕЗПЕКИ ТА ФІНАНСОВОГО МОНІТОРИНГУ КРАЇН
Authors: Кузьменко Ольга , Яровенко Ганна , Радько Вікторія
Published: December 2021

Стаття присвячена актуальній проблемі конвергенції систем кібербезпеки та фінансового моніторингу країни, що сприятиме формуванню більш ефективної системи протидії фінансовим та кібер-злочинам. Авторами проведено попередній аналіз груп показників, які ідентифікують рівень розвитку кібербезпеки в країні та її спроможність протидіяти процесам легалізації кримінальних доходів та фінансових злочинів. Дані було сформовано для 76 країн світу за 2018 рік. На першому етапі проведено статистичний аналіз відібраних показників, що дозволило виявити неоднорідність даних. На другому кроці проведено канонічний аналіз, в результаті якого встановлено тісний зв'язок між показниками кібербезпеки та фінансового моніторингу та виявлено їх причинно-наслідковість. На третьому етапі за результатами кореляційного аналізу оптимізовано дані шляхом виключення індексів розвитку інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій та сприйняття корупції.