bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMMUNOCHEMICAL DIAGNOSIS OF CANCER. PROTOTYPING
Authors: Gantsev S Kh , Pukhalenko A I , Romaniukha A A , Chulina I A , Chulin A N , Poletaev A B
Published: October 2019

A prototype of the method of immunochemical detection of different types of solid cancers (primary and recurrent) in the early stages was developed. According to the initial hypothesis, the sera of patients with malignant tumors of different localization and different histological nature, contain different sets of autoantibodies (auto-Ab) of IgG class to many cancer-associated antigens (CA-AG). The content of such auto-Ab differs in cancer patients and patients with non-malignant chronic diseases, which determines the difference in serum immunoreactivity profiles of cancer patients and patients with non-malignant diseases. Confirmation of this hypothesis opens up prospects for the creation of simple and cheap laboratory methods of mass preventive examination of the population for the early detection of different cancers. The confirmation of the hypothesis was obtained. Moreover, even with non-optimal sets of test antigens, with the help of solid-phase ELISA it was possible to achieve sensitivity of 71% and specificity of 68% in the differentiation of blood sera of cancer (lung, stomach, ovary, prostate) and non-cancer patients (chronic inflammatory diseases of the lungs, stomach, ovary, prostate) and nearly 90% in the differentiation of healthy individuals from cancer patients.
THE PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE REHABILITATION OF ONCORTHOPEDIC PATIENTS: REVIEW
Authors: Stepanova A M
Published: October 2019

The rehabilitation of oncoorthopedic patients does not have uniform standards, which is associated with the technical features of the surgical treatment of tumors of large joints in oncology. It is necessary at all stages of treatment, biginning with the diagnosis and should be comprehensive. Conducting a comprehensive rehabilitation of patients with an oncological orthopedic profile improves not only the quality of life, but also the results of treatment of the underlying disease.
Applied Comparison of Meta-analysis Techniques
Authors: Wang Li , Lewis-Beck Colin , Fritschel Elyse , Baser Erdem , Baser Onur
Published: October 2019

Background: Meta-analysis is an approach that combines findings from similar studies. The aggregation of study level data can provide precise estimates for outcomes of interest, allow for unique treatment comparisons, and explain the differences arising from conflicting study results. Proper meta-analysis includes five basic steps: identify relevant studies; extract summary data from each paper; compute study effect sizes, perform statistical analysis; and interpret and report the results.

Objectives: This study aims to review meta-analysis methods and their assumptions, apply various meta-techniques to empirical data, and compare the results from each method.

Methods: Three different meta-analysis techniques were applied to a dataset looking at the effects of the bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine on tuberculosis (TB). First, a fixed-effects model was applied; then a random-effects model; and third meta-regression with study-level covariates were added to the model. Overall and stratified results, by geographic latitude were reported.

Results: All three techniques showed a statistically significant effects from the vaccination. However, once covariates were added, efficacy diminished. Independent variables, such as the latitude of the location in which the study was performed, appeared to be partially driving the results.

Conclusions: Meta-analysis is useful for drawing general conclusions from a variety of studies. However, proper study and model selection are important to ensure the correct interpretation of results. Basic meta-analysis models are fixed-effects, random-effects, and meta-regression.
The Cost Effectiveness of Hand Held Ultrasound Scanning for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Older Males with a History of Smoking
Authors: Phiri Denver , Mallow Peter J. , Rizzo John A.
Published: October 2019

Objective: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a serious illness occurring in 1 of 20 older men. Guidelines emphasize the role of ultrasound scanning for patients at risk of AAA, yet the cost effectiveness of such scanning remains uncertain. New pocket mobile echocardiography (PME) devices may enhance the cost effectiveness of such scanning due to its low cost, ability to be used in primary care settings, and high degree of accuracy. This study performs cost utility analyses (CUAs) comparing opportunistic scanning for AAA using a PME to usual care for a hypothetical cohort of 10,000 male smokers age 65+.

Methods: The study compares the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained for three alternative strategies over a 5-year time horizon. The study used a decision analytic simulation model to calculate the incremental cost utility for the different strategies. Three alternative criteria for surgical intervention were considered via scanning according to aneurysm size. These treatment strategies were compared to a control group that received no scanning. Model input values are taken from the literature. Sensitivity analysis was performed to gauge the robustness of the results.

Results: Opportunistic scanning is cost effective. Indeed, when surgical intervention is limited to medium (5.0-5.4 cm) or large (≥5.5 cm) aneurysms, such scanning is dominant; that is, it costs less and increases QALYs compared to usual care. When surgical intervention is extended to small (4.0-4.9 cm) aneurysms, scanning remains cost effective ($64,156 per QALY vs. $100,000 threshold). The results are robust to alternative plausible model input values.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that primary care physicians with proper training should consider PMEs as a cost effective method to opportunistically scan and manage AAA patients among older males who have a history of smoking.
Assessing the Economic Burden and Benefit-cost of Treating Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Germany
Authors: Kotsopoulos Nikolaos , Connolly Mark P. , Sobanski Esther , Postma Maarten J.
Published: October 2019

Background: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a condition which has been consistently documented to impact educational outcomes. Children with ADHD are regularly found to have lower educational attainment and increased likelihood of dropping out of school compared to children without ADHD.

Objectives: To project the long-term societal economic consequences of reduced educational attainment, as measured by total lifetime earnings, in an untreated cohort of individuals diagnosed with ADHD in childhood, in Germany. In addition, this research aims at illustrating a cost-benefit analysis framework which could be applied to economically appraise the rate of return from investments in hypothetical health interventions targeting ADHD.

Methods: Observational ADHD evidence was collated with demographic and human capital economics methods to quantify ADHD’s impact on educational attainment and long-term labour outcome in Germany. The theoretical benefits deriving from effective interventions targeting ADHD were also quantified.

Results: It was estimated that the average per capita lifetime earning loss associated with ADHD was €92,000 suggesting a societal loss of €2.93 billion from a single cohort (n=31,864). The benefit-cost analysis suggested that reasonably effective intervention may justify considerable investment in ADHD targeted intervention.

Conclusions: Considering the broad economic consequences of the condition might suggest that interventions which change the life course of individuals with ADHD could offer cost-savings and influence future economic outputs.
Use of Sildenafil in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Findings from a U.S. Healthcare Claims Database
Authors: Berger Ariel , Edelsberg John , Teal Simon , Mychaskiw Marko A. , Oster Gerry
Published: October 2019

Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disease characterized by dyspnea, fatigue, chest pain and syncope. As there is no known cure for PAH, the goal of treatment is to control symptoms and slow disease progression. Sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, has been indicated to improve exercise capacity in PAH in both the United States and the European Union since 2005; since 2009, it also has been indicated in the United States to delay clinical worsening. Patterns of sildenafil use in PAH patients have not been reported.

Objectives: To describe patterns of treatment with sildenafil among commercially insured patients in the United States with PAH.

Methods: Using a large U.S. healthcare claims database, we identified all patients with evidence of PAH (International Classification of Disease, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification [ICD-9-CM] diagnosis codes 416.0, 416.8) and receipt of sildenafil between January 1, 2005 and September 30, 2008. The date of each patient’s earliest pharmacy claim for sildenafil was designated as his or her “index date”; patients with <6 months of data prior to this date were excluded. Post-index use of sildenafil was then examined in terms of the numbers of pharmacy claims and therapy-days, the medication possession ratio (MPR), and the incidence of therapy switching.

Results: We identified a total of 855 PAH patients who began sildenafil therapy and met all other entry criteria. Mean (standard deviation [SD]) follow-up was 423.4 (313.0) days. Over this period, these patients averaged 7.1 (6.8) (median, 5) pharmacy dispensings for sildenafil, representing 273.4 (254.8) therapy-days (median, 180). Mean MPR was 71% (median, 83%). Fourteen percent of sildenafil patients switched to another agent during follow-up.

Conclusions: In “real-world” clinical practice, many PAH patients beginning treatment with sildenafil remain on therapy for extended periods and are relatively compliant with treatment.
Self-administration of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone with an Electronic Device: Clinical, Economic and Management Benefits of Objective Adherence Monitoring
Authors: Saz-Parkinson Zuleika , Granados Alonso Maria Del Sol , Bouza Carmen , Poveda Andrés José Luis , Amate José María
Published: October 2019

Purpose: The aim was to identify factors affecting treatment adherence and to assess the clinical, economic and management impact of growth hormone deficiency treatment using an electronic auto-injector for recombinant human growth hormone (r-hGH) administration in children. Patients and Methods: A literature review was conducted in PubMed up to 31JUL2013, including the following search terms: “growth hormone deficiency”, “human-recombinant growth hormone” and “treatment adherence”. An economic model was developed to estimate the economic benefits of using an electronic injection device. In order to quantify this benefit, potential savings due to growth hormone cartridge optimization were analyzed. Results: From the literature review, the following key factors were found to affect treatment adherence: type of device used, discomfort, complexity of treatment regimens, long-term treatment, age and patient or family understanding of treatment benefits were assessed. A better adjustment to prescribed daily dose (accuracy up to 0.01 mg) with the electronic device results in a better optimization of vials and could save an average of 5% of total treatment costs in terms of doses not wasted, amounting to €245 of potential savings per patient and year of treatment. Conclusion: The use of an electronic device for r-hGH administration and monitoring may provide a better identification of responder and adherent patients. It may also generate savings in annual r-hGH consumption by hospitals and regional healthcare services.
Comparing Prednisone and Methotrexate to Off-label Biologic Infliximab for Management of Ocular Uveitis: A Cost-minimization Analysis
Authors: Padula William V. , Cordero-Coma Miguel , Yilmaz Taygan , Padula William V. , Gallagher Michéal J. , Campbell Jonathan D.
Published: October 2019

Background: Approximately 3.75% of cases of blindness in the United States are caused by uveitis. Incurred clinical costs and lost productivity related to vision loss in these cases totals $3.58 billion annually. Objective: To evaluate whether infliximab, a modern off-label biologic, is cost-effective for treating posterior uveitis and panuveitis compared to current standards of care, methotrexate and prednisone. Methods: A cost-effectiveness analysis using a Markov model to simulate a patient cohort with posterior uveitis or panuveitis. The model followed patients’ therapy from the onset of posterior uveitis or panuveitis using the U.S. societal perspective. The lifetime model simulated health states that could lead to successful reversal of uveitis with standard or intensified treatment with prednisone, methotrexate, or infliximab. Probabilities, health utilities, and costs were included in the model based on findings from the literature. We conducted univariate sensitivity analyses and a Bayesian multivariate probablistic sensitivity analysis to estimate uncertainty in results. Outcomes were measured in terms of costs ($US, 2010) and effects (qualityadjusted life years; QALYs) discounted at 3% per year were estimated for each simulated treatment. An incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for pairwise results was interpretted assuming a predetermined willingness-to-pay threshold of $100,000/QALY. Results: Average lifetime costs and QALYs for each drug were ($306.95; 15.80 QALYs) for prednisone, methotrexate ($36,232.24; 16.21 QALYs), and inflixmab ($74,762.63; 15.04 QALYs). Methotrexate was on average compared to prednisone, with an ICER of $86,901.16/QALY. Prednisone and methotrexate dominated infliximab. Sensitivity analyses suggested that the model was most sensitive to the utility for successful recovery from uveitis. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis returned results similar to the base case. Conclusion: This cost-effectiveness analysis suggests that despite advances in the use of biologics for treating sight-threatening posterior uveitis and panuveitis, infliximab had lower effectiveness and higher costs compared to both prednisone and methotrexate. As compared to prednisone, methotrexate was associated with increased costs and QALYs and was found to be a good value. Clinical trials of infliximab in the uveitis population are needed to reduce the uncertain estimates of inflixmab treatment success and the drug’s cost-effectiveness.
Economic Evaluation of Fidaxomicin for the Treatment of Clostridium Difficile Infection (C. difficile-associated diarrhoea) in Ireland
Authors: van Engen Anke , Casamayor Montserrat , Loftus Fidelma , Coen Martin , Garnham Andy , Watt Maureen , Lacey Larry
Published: October 2019

Background: Clostridium difficile is associated with 20–30% of cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. The incidence of C. difficile infection (CDI) is higher in Ireland than in other countries in Europe, and it is associated with considerable morbidity. Previously recommended standard therapeutic options were vancomycin and metronidazole, but the macrocyclic antibiotic fidaxomicin has recently been recommended for use in adults with CDI in Ireland. Objectives: To perform a cost-utility analysis of fidaxomicin compared to oral metronidazole (used to treat initial non-severe disease and first non-severe recurrence) and oral vancomycin (used to treat severe disease and any non-severe recurrence beyond the first) for the treatment of CDI. Methods: A Markov model was used to determine the cost-utility of fidaxomicin in the treatment of all adult CDI patients (base case), patients with severe CDI and patients with initial CDI recurrences, respectively. Patients enter the model in the CDI health state and are treated either with fidaxomicin or current standard of care (oral metronidazole for non-severe CDI; vancomycin for severe CDI) for 10 days. The time horizon was 1 year. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed. Health state utilities were derived from the literature. The perspective was that of the Irish Health Service Executive (HSE). Results: In the base case, fidaxomicin was dominant to current standard-of-care therapy, with cost savings of €2,904 and incremental quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gain of 0.031. The main drivers of costeffectiveness were recurrence rates and cost of hospitalization. Fidaxomicin was also dominant for all patient subgroups. The probability of fidaxomicin being cost-effective in all patients with CDI at a willingness to pay threshold of €45,000 per QALY gained was 82%. Conclusion: Fidaxomicin was dominant to the current standard-of-care therapy for CDI. Based on this analysis, fidaxomicin has received reimbursement for CDI treatment under the High Tech Drug Scheme in Ireland.
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL LATIHAN FOREHAND DROPSHOT BULUTANGKIS PADA SISWA EKSTRAKURIKULER SMPN 2 TRAWAS MOJOKERTO
Authors: SUSANTO RATNO
Published: October 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan model model latihan pukulan dropshot bulutangkis.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pengembangan model latihan pukulan forehand dropshot bulutangkis bagi siswa ekstrakurikuler di SMP Negeri 2 Trawas dapat digunakan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengembangan Brog and Gall(1988) dalam terjemahaan prof. sugiyanto. Bahwa model latihan forehand dropshot bulutangkis sangatlah penting dikembangkan setelah dilakukan observasi dan dilakukan pengujian melalui analisis dari penilaian ahli , dan uji coba lapangan dengan kelompok kecil dan kelompok besar dalam situasi sebenarnya.Berdasarkan oberservasi dari uji coba kelompok kecil dan uji coba kelompok besar kepada siswa adalah: data hasil evaluasi yang diperoleh presentase keseluruhan pada uji coba kelompok kecil yaitu 78,7% data tersebut memenuhi kriteria baik dari presentase keseluruhan ujicoba kelompok besar adalah 80% data tersebut memenuhi kriteria baik. Berdasarkan keseluruhan hasil analisis data yang diperoleh bahwa pengembangan model latihan pukulan forehand dropshot bulutangkis dapat membantu pembelajaran siswa dan dapat digunakan sebagai buku panduan pengembangan model latihan forehand dropshot bulutangkis pada siswa ekstrakurikuler di SMP Negeri 2 Trawas kab.Mojokerto Tahun pelajaran 2016-2017.
PENGARUH MODUL TAKTIK JITU BABAK TENGAH LEVEL 2 TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN TAKTIK CATUR BABAK TENGAH PADA SISWA EKSTRAKULIKULER CATUR DI MTs NEGERI BANYUWANGI TAHUN PELAJARAN 2016/2017
Authors: HASANAH LAELATUL , SANTOSO DANANG ARI
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan pemahaman taktik catur babak tengah skak mat dan keunggulan materi menggunakan media modul taktik jitu babak tengah level 2 terhadap pemahaman taktik catur babak tengah yang menggunakan latihan dalam bentuk menyelesaikan soal berupa puzzle catur. Jenis penelitian ini eksperimen sungguhan dengan rancangan the rendomized pretest posttest control groups design. Sampel penelitian ini adalah siswa ekstrakulikuler catur di MTs Negeri Banyuwangi sebanyak 10 orang ditentukan dengan tektik populasi riset. Pemahaman taktik catur diukur dengan bisa tidaknya para responden dalam menjawab soal yang diberikan dengan bobot nilai sesuai dengan jumlah soal yang ada.Berdasarkan uji t paired sample testpada datapemahaman taktik catur babak tengahskak mat nilai sebesar 10,486. Dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000 sedangkan pada data pemahaman taktik catur babak tengah keunggulan materi diperoleh nilai sebesar 12,178 dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000. Berdasarkan peningkatannya pemahaman taktik catur babak tengah skak mat diperoleh nilai sebesar 62,16% dan peningkatan pemahaman taktik catur babak tengah keunggulan materi diperoleh nilai sebesar 37,76% dengan demikian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan pengaruh antara kedua pelatihan pemahaman taktik catur babak tengah tersebut, dan pemahaman taktik catur babak tengah skak mat mempunyai pengaruh lebih baik dari pemahaman taktik catur babak tengah keunggulan materi dengan selisih peningkatan sebesar 24,4% dari hasil pelatihan dapat disimpulkan bahwa, terdapat pengaruh media modul taktik jitu babak tengah level 2 terhadap pemahaman taktik catur babak tengah pada siswa ekstrakulikuler catur di MTs Negeri Banyuwangi tahun pelajaran 2016/2017 dan terdapat perbedaan pengaruh antara kedua pelatihan serta pelatihan pemahaman taktik catur babak tengahskakmat mempunyai pengaruh yang lebih baik dari pelatihan pemahaman taktik catur babak tengah keunggulan materi.
SURVEI KONDISI FISIK ANGGOTA UNIT KEGIATAN MAHASISWA SENAM AEROBIK PUTRI UNUSA
Authors: Sunanto Sunanto , Huda Muchamad Samsul
Published: October 2019

Senam aerobik merupakan salah satu bentuk olahraga yang banyak diminati oleh sebagian masyarakat dari golongan bawah sampai golongan atas, khususnya wanita. Baik pria maupun wanita bersama-sama melakukan senam aerobik demi memperoleh kebugaran dan kegembiraan. Pengertian senam aerobik adalah serangkaian gerak yang dipilih secara sengaja dengan cara mengikuti irama musik yang juga dipilih sehingga melahirkan ketentuan ritmis, kontinuitas dan durasi tertentu. Oleh karena itu olahraga senam aerobik juga harus dilatih kondisi fisiknya untuk meningkatkan daya tahan otot jantung, daya tahan otot lengan, daya tahan otot perut, dan kelentukan. Hal ini merupakan beberapa komponen kondisi fisik yang harus dimiliki dengan baik oleh setiap member senam aerobik.  Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat kondisi fisik anggota unik kegiatan mahasiswa  senam aerobik putri Unusa. Subjek penelitian ini adalah anggota unik kegiatan mahasiswa  senam aerobik putri Unusa  yang diambil 20 orang. Metode dalam analisa ini menggunakan metode statistik kuantitatif deskriptif, sedangkan teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan melakukan tes yang meliputi: daya tahan otot jantung, daya tahan otot lengan, daya tahan otot perut, dan kelentukan. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian. (1) Mayoritas daya tahan otot jantung anggota unik kegiatan mahasiswa senam aerobik putri Unusa adalah sangat tidak bugar. Tingkat prosentasi daya tahan otot jantung adalah 0% sangat bugar, 0% bugar, 0% di atas rata-rata 0% rata-rata, 0% di bawah rata-rata, 10% tidak bugar, dan 90% sangat tidak bugar. (2) Mayoritas daya tahan otot lengan anggota Unik kegiatan mahasiswa  senam aerobik putri Unusa adalah kurang. Tingkat prosentasi adalah 0% baik sekali, 10% baik, 10% sedang, 70% kurang. Dan 10% kurang sekali. (3) Mayoritas daya tahan otot perut anggota unik kegiatan mahasiswa senam aerobik putri Unusa adalah kurang. Tingkat prosentase adalah 0% baik sekali, 0% baik, 10% cukup, dan 90% kurang. (4) Mayoritas kelentukan anggota unik kegiatan mahasiswa senam aerobik putri Unusa adalah kurang sekali tingkat prosentase adalah 0% baik sekali, 0% baik, 10% cukup, 20% kurang, dan 70% kurang sekali.
Upaya Meningkatkan Keterampilan Teknik Menumpu Lompat Jauh Gaya Menggantung Dengan Menggunakan Metode Bermain Pada Siswa Kelas VIII A MTs Unggulan Nuris Jember
Authors: Ahmad Bahriyanto
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan siswa pada lompat jauh gaya menggantung khususnya pada teknik menumpu dengan menggunakan metode bermain pada siswa kelas VIII A MTs Unggulan Nuris Jember. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian tindakan kelas. Pelaksanaan tindakan kelas ini dilakukan melalui dua siklus dimana tiap siklus terdiri dari 4 tahap yaitu: (1) perencanaan, (2) pelaksanaan, (3) observasi, (4) refleksi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII A MTs Unggulan Nuris Jember. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan pada keterampilan menumpu siswa selama mengikuti pembelajaran lompat jauh gaya menggantung dari siklus ke siklus. Pada siklus 1 dari aspek ketepatan kaki pada papan tumpu yang melakukan dengan benar sebesar 52,51%, aspek posisi badan yang melakukan dengan benar sebesar 67,77%, aspek gerakan tumpuan kaki tumpu pada papan tumpu yang melakukan dengan benar sebesar 90,90%, dan pada aspek ayunan kaki dan lengan yang melakukan dengan benar sebesar 57,57%. Dari hasil tersebut menunjukkan peningkatan terhadap penguasaan keterampilan lompat jauh gaya menggantung khususnya pada teknik menumpu yang terlihat dari perbandingan hasil pre-test yang dilaksanakan pada saat sebelum tindakan dengan hasil post-test yang diberikan pada akhir tindakan. Untuk hasil dari siklus 2 juga menunjukkan peningkatan penguasaan keterampilan lompat jauh gaya menggantung khususnya pada teknik menumpu dengan masing masing taraf keberhasilan dari aspek menumpu diantaranya, dari aspek ketepatan kaki pada papan tumpu yang melakukan dengan benar sebesar 93,94%, aspek posisi badan yang melakukan dengan benar sebesar 100%, aspek gerakan tumpuan kaki tumpu pada papan tumpu yang melakukan dengan benar sebesar 100%, dan pada aspek ayunan kaki dan lengan yang melakukan dengan benar sebesar 96,97%. Selain hasil persentasi mengenai teknik menumpu pada lompat jauh gaya menggantung diperoleh pula hasil pengamatan sikap siswa pada saat proses pembelajaran, pada siklus 1 siswa melakukan pemanasan sendiri tanpa didampingi oleh guru, siswa yang terlambat tidak ditegur oleh guru, dan siswa tidak memperhatikan penjelasan guru saat guru menjelaskan. Namun pada siklus 2 sudah  terlihat peningkatan yang cukup baik dibandingkan dengan siklus 1, pada siklus 2 ini sudah tidak ada siswa yang terlambat, siswa melakukan proses belajar dengan baik, dan siswa sudah menguasai keterampilan menumpu dengan baik dan benar.
A Descriptive Study on Reading Comprehension on Descriptive Text of The Seventh Grade Students at SMP Negeri 2 Rogojampi in The Academic Year 2013/2014
Authors: Irawati Irawati
Published: October 2019

The main purpose of conducting this research was to measure how far the reading comprehension in descriptive text of the seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 2 Rogojampi in academic year 2013/2014. There are three indicators in this research. Those are comprehending words, comprehending sentences, and comprehending paragraphs.

In this research, the researcher used descriptive quantitative research. The data was in the form of student’s reading comprehension score. The instrument that is used in this research is a test. The kind of the test that used is multiple choice test. There are 20 items in the test covering identifying synonym, identifying reference, comprehending sentences, identifying main idea, and identifying the topic. The score for each item is 5 and the maximal score is 100.

From the data analysis of the research findings and discussions, the researcher found the minimum score is 50 and the maximum score is 95. The average or mean of student’s reading comprehension score is 75.98%. It was in the range between71–80. It means that in general, the student’s reading comprehension on descriptive text was good. The students’ reading comprehension on descriptive text in comprehending words was 81.2%. It was in the range between 81 – 90. It can be said that the students reading comprehension in comprehending words was very good. The students’ reading comprehension on descriptive text in comprehending sentences was 81.5%. It was in the range between81–90. It can be said that the students reading comprehension in comprehending sentences was very good. The students’ reading comprehension on descriptive text in comprehending paragraphs was 63.9%. It was in the range between61–70. It can be said that the students reading comprehension in comprehending paragraphs was more than enough.

There are some suggestion given to the English teacher, the students and the other researcher. (1) The teacher should use the information about their student’s reading comprehension on descriptive text as reflection to overcome their student’s problems. The English teacher should find an effective way on their teaching learning process to increase the student’s reading achievement. (2) The students should learn more about reading comprehension, especially in comprehending words, comprehending sentences, and comprehending paragraphs. (3) For the other researcher, it can be used as the basic for conducting experimental research or classroom action research to solve the student’s reading comprehension problems, especially for comprehending paragraphs.
The Correlation between Reading Comprehension and Students’ Ability in Answering Cloze Test of The Seventh Grade Students at SMP N 1 Kalipuro Banyuwangi in The 2014/2015 Academic Year
Authors: Piyani Piyani
Published: October 2019

Reading comprehension is a process of comprehending meaning from a text. In reading process, especially about English text, the readers can enrich their vocabulary and their knowledge. Reading also can increase their experience because the reader know about a new information which do not know before. Reading comprehension is important for student. Because reading comprehension can give them some idea for written. In reading comprehension process they imagine about the contain of the text and they can retell about the text in form of written. In this thesis, the researcher held a research about the correlation study between reading comprehension and students’ ability in answering cloze test of the seventh grade students at SMPN 1 Kalipuro Banyuwangi in the 2014/2015 Academic Year. The objective of this research is to investigate correlation between reading comprehension and students’ ability in answering cloze test.

the data of the research collected by test, the researcher used essay test to collect score of reading comprehension and cloze test. The determination of the respondent Population of this research was taken from the Seventh years students at SMPN 1 Kalipuro Banyuwangi in the 2014/2015 academic year. They are 37 students as the research sample which was taken by using cluster random sampling. Based on the result of the data analysis of product moment formula, it can be known the statistical value of correlation coefficient is higher than the “r” table. That is 0,59 > 0,325. It indicated that there was correlation between reading comprehension and students’ ability in answering cloze test. And the level of correlation between reading comprehension and students’ ability base on the result of statistical formula in answering cloze test was enough
An Analysis On The Strategies Used To Translate Idioms With Reference To J.K. Rowling’s Novel Entitled Harry Potter And The Philosopher’s Stone
Authors: Nurkasiyati Nurkasiyati
Published: October 2019

This research is conducted to identify the idiom and its types in JoanneKathleen Rowling’s novel entitled Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone as wellas strategies used to translate them in the translation versionThe data of this descriptive qualitative research are idiomatic expressionsfound in the novel and its translation in Indonesian language. Documentationis used to collect the data. The data of this research are phrases or sentencesthat contain idiomatic expressions. Meanwhile, content analysis method isapplied for analyzing data in relation to their contexts. The result of this research shows that 140 idioms in 13 types were found in theEnglish novel from chapter 15 to chapter 17. Those thirteen types are phrasalverb (61.43%), prepositional phrase (13.57%), semi-opaque idiom (7.86%), noun phrase (5%), clause idiom (4.29%), idiom of comparison (2.86%), miscellaneous (1.43%), proverb (0.71%), adverb phrase (0.71%), adjectivephrase (0.71%), idiomatic pairs (0.71%), and simile (0.71%). Furthermore, there are three translation strategies used by the translator. Theyare translation using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form, paraphrase, and omission. The researcher found that paraphrase is thehighest number with 134 idioms (95.7%). The second strategy is translation byusing an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form with 5 idioms (3.59%). Theless strategy used by the translator is translation by omission with only oneidiom (0.71%). It can be concluded that paraphrase is the most preferredstrategy used by the translator. It was used because she wants to deliver themessage of the text as natural as possible by using the most equivalentmeaning of the idiom in Indonesian
An Analysis of Translation Procedures of Noun Phrases in Carlo Collodi’s Novel Entitled “Pinocchio”
Authors: Anggraini Nurul
Published: October 2019

This research is conducted to identify the noun phrase and its types in Carlo Collodi’s novel entitled Pinoccio as well as procedures used to translate them in the translation version entitled Pinokio which was translated by Wiwin Indiarti.

The data of this descriptive qualitative research are noun phrases found in the novel and their translation in Indonesian. Documentation is used to collect the data. Meanwhile, content analysis method is applied for analyzing data in relation to their contexts.

The result of this research shows that there are 5.283 noun phrases in chapter 1 to chapter 36 of Pinochio novel. It is also found that there are 3 types of noun phrase. They are: 1) noun phrase type I which is identified as Modifier + Head (M+H) with 2.985 data, 2) noun phrase type II which is identified as Head + Modifier (M+H) with 425 data, and 3) noun phrase type III which is identified as Modifier + Head + Modifier (M+H) with 1.873 data.

Furthermore, the translator used eleven translation procedures to translate noun phrases proposed by Newmark. Those procedures are 1) translation by Transference with frequency of 93 data (1.8%), 2) translation by Naturalization with frequancy of 102 data (2.1%), 3) translation by Cultural Equivalent with frequency of 308 data (6.2%), 4) translation by Functional Equivalent with frequancy of 97 data (1.9%) translation by Componential Analysis with frequancy of 773 data (14.7%), 6) translation by Synonymy with frequancy of 738 data (14.9%), 7) translation by Through-translation with frequancy of 1.205 data (24.3%), 8) translation by Shift or Transposition with frequancy of 792 data (17%), 9) translation by Compensation with frequancy of 438 data (8%). 10 translation by Couplets with frequency 173 (3.4%), and 11) translation by Modulation with frequency 43 (1%).

It can be concluded that the translator often used Through translation procedure to translate noun phrases into Indonesian. It was used because she wants to deliver the message of the text as natural as possible
Como se faz filosofia? Contribuições de uma perspectiva histórica e fenomenológica
Authors: Dettoni Josenir Lopes , Dettoni Lenir Lopes , Carrelli Maria Cristina
Published: October 2019

Tendo a investigação filosófica como tema deste artigo, sustentamos inicialmente uma relação íntima entre objeto e método em Filosofia. Mais do que paralelos, evidenciamos que ambos andam associados, ou seja, de acordo com o método será o objeto; e de acordo com o objeto será o método. Após uma breve introdução, tratamos de mostrar isso, historicamente, na segunda parte do artigo, em que abordamos Como se fez Filosofia. Fazemos uma rápida revisão das filosofias que tivemos. Desde os pré-socráticos, duas grandes linhas de pensamento filosófico se estruturam e se desenvolvem ao longo da vida ocidental. Uma de Parmênides ao Neotomismo contemporâneo, outra de Heráclito ao Marxismo contemporâneo. Uma filosofia do ser e outra do vir-aser, uma da Tradição, outra da Revolução. O que importa no nosso caso é perceber nitidamente que o método dialético, filho de Heráclito, está ligado à concepção da realidade como envolvente; e o método parmenídico à concepção da realidade como permanente. Evidenciamos também que, dos pré-socráticos até os racionalistas, a realidade objetiva era considerada objeto da Filosofia. Com o racionalismo e o criticismo, a subjetividade passa a ser objeto da Filosofia e o método o racional crítico. Por sua vez, com o racional criticismo não satisfazendo a necessidade humana de busca do sentido da vida, cria-se um novo método; surge a fenomenologia. Já na terceira parte do artigo, Como se faz uma Filosofia, tomamos como exemplo a corrente fenomenológica, que entende o homem como ser intencional. Seguindo esse caminho, finalizamos o artigo sustentando que, para fazermos Filosofia, temos que escutar o ser, dialogar com o ser e dizer o sentido da realidade. É neste escutar o ser e dizer seu sentido que surge o valor da vida.
A condição pós-universalista e o alcance da fundamentação
Authors: Danner Leno Francisco , Danner Fernando , Bavaresco Agemir
Published: October 2019

A partir da reconstrução do modelo normativo de modernidade cultural europeia idealizado por Habermas como base de sua teoria da modernidade, criticamos sua proposta de colocar esse modelo normativo de modernidade cultural europeia como paradigma epistemológico-moral universalista e como projeto integrativo cosmopolita, que serviria como guarda-chuva normativo dos contextos culturais particulares. A partir do desenvolvimento do conceito de condição pós-universalista, procuraremos defender que a modernidade cultural europeia não tem condições de sustentarse como paradigma da crítica, do enquadramento e da integração válido para todos os contextos, posto que não se pode separar esse modelo idealizado de modernidade em relação à colonização travestida de racionalização cultural e levada a efeito via globalização econômico-cultural. Nosso argumento consiste em que a racionalização cultural enquanto possibilitando o universalismo, cerne do modelo normativo de modernidade cultural europeia reconstruído por Habermas, leva à assimilação e à deslegitimação dos contextos culturais particulares, considerados por ele como incapazes de gerar uma postura universalista, legitimando de maneira direta a prossecução totalizante da modernidade para além de si mesma, como juiz, guia e projeto societal superiores, exatamente devido à sua cultura descentrada e às suas estruturas de consciência moral universalistas.
O imperativo categórico kantiano e a dignidade da pessoa humana
Authors: Dagios Magnus
Published: October 2019

O artigo abordará a Filosofia Moral Kantiana em relação com o valor da dignidade da pessoa humana.Serão consideradas as diferentes formulações do imperativo categórico e suas respectivas influências para a compreensão da personalidade moral. Ao final se constatará que o valor intrínseco da natureza humana estará atrelado às características da racionalidade, da liberdade e da felicidade, internamente ponderadas nos indivíduos
Gadamer e Honneth
Authors: De Brito José Wilson Rodrigues
Published: October 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo fazer um estudo aprofundado a respeito do desenvolvimento das implicações hermenêuticas de Gadamer na teoria da luta por reconhecimento subjetivo de Honneth, mais precisamente através das obras Verdade e Método e Luta por reconhecimento: a gramática moral dos conflitos sociais, respectivamente de Gadamer e Honneth. Ambos pensadores tecem severas críticas à filosofia abstrata e sua forma de conduzir as explicações sobre os fenômenos da realidade social e seus problemas no contexto histórico. São notados alguns conceitos pertinentes que estão presentes no desenvolvimento filosófico de suas teorias, fazendo referência a uma mudança de enfoque quanto às explicações da realidade social moderna. Entende-se, então, que a hermenêutica desenvolve um papel fundamental de auxílio à compreensão e interpretação histórico-social das lutas dos sujeitos por reconhecimento intersubjetivo como garantia de realização plena no respeito às esferas do amor, direito e solidariedade.
Pólis, eticidade e intersubjetividade
Authors: Lopes Tomás Jobin Coutinho
Published: October 2019

O presente artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar como o conceito grego de pólis, mormente na descrição operada por Aristóteles em seu tratado sobre política, foi utilizado pelo jovem Hegel em sua crítica ao contratualismo moderno. Pretende-se elucidar em que aspecto a noção de pólis pôde ser explorada pelo autor em sua concepção sobre eticidade, destacando a intersubjetividade como característica central da teoria política de Hegel em seus escritos de Jena.
A contradição na Ciência da Lógica e na Filosofia da História
Authors: Wohlfart João Alberto
Published: October 2019

O artigo procura reconstruir a noção hegeliana de contradição e o seu papel no desenvolvimento da História universal. O conceito perpassa o coração da Ciência da Lógica hegelina, especialmente na passagem da Lógica da essência na Lógica do conceito. A contradição não caracteriza uma categoria ao lado de outras categorias e não é integrante de uma estrutura categorial, mas aparece como um movimento transversal que atravessa a Ciência da Lógica e articula o movimento de autoconstrução do próprio sistema filosófico. Num primeiro momento, o artigo está centralizado no conceito de contradição na Ciência da Lógica, precisamente na passagem da Lógica da essência na Lógica do conceito, a partir de contraditórios categoriais como substancialidade e acidentalidade, absoluto e relativo e universalidade e particularidade que se integram dialeticamente. Num segundo momento, esta exposição se desdobra na noção de contradição na Filosofia da História universal enquanto móvel da realidade. Neste campo da Filosofia do real, o Espírito universal se exterioriza em múltiplas manifestações culturais, políticas, civilizacionais e sociais. O método consiste no trabalho de leitura e interpretação de textos hegelianos extraídos das obras em questão, auxiliado com textos de comentadores da obra hegeliana. Em razão de questões argumentativas, não seguiremos a tríade hegeliana de Lógica, Natureza e Espírito, mas da Ideia universal como intrínseca à História, articulados no movimento da racionalidade da História.
Lênin e a unidade dialética na teoria do partido e da revolução
Authors: Koutchin André
Published: October 2019

O objetivo geral de nosso artigo é o de verificar nossa hipótese preliminar, fundamentada nos estudos de Hector Benoit, de que, longe de uma ruptura definitiva, explícita e radical, de um primeiro leninismo “pré-dialético” (antes de 1914) e de um segundo leninismo “dialético” (após 1914), existe unidade permanente (lógico-histórica) na teoria de partido e na estratégia do programa revolucionário em Lênin, desde as palavras aparentemente burocráticas de O Que Fazer? e Um passo em frente, dois passos atrás, até as palavras libertárias pronunciadas às vésperas da insurreição de 1917; desde a ditadura democrática do proletariado e dos camponeses (defendida em Duas Táticas) até o poder aos sovietes (sintetizadas a partir de suas célebres Teses de Abril, por sua vez, desenvolvidas com o auxílio de seus estudos contidos nos Cadernos). Nossa orientação metodológica não leva em consideração somente o conteúdo filosófico de algumas obras específicas, como também o de suas circunstâncias histórico-biográficas e o de suas consequências políticas. Assim, concluímos que ao não ignorar O Capital de Marx e avançar a sua compreensão sobre Hegel (e a dialética) em um momento histórico crítico, Lênin fortaleceu sua teoria do partido e da revolução.
Contribuições de Axel Honneth para o debate sobre teorias da justiça na contemporaneidade
Authors: De Brito José Wilson Rodrigues
Published: October 2019

Este trabalho tenciona fazer uma análise a respeito das contribuições de Axel Honneth no que concerne às suas contribuições para o debate sobre teorias da justiça no contexto atual. Neste sentido, pode ser elencada como principal a tentativa de alcançar princípios normativos pautados na horizontalidade, ou seja, na própria realidade social. Para alcançar êxito nesta empreitada reflexivo-filosófica, parte-se de suas obras A textura da justiça: sobre os limites do procedimentalismo contemporâneo e O direito da Liberdade, nos quais se tem a questão relacionada à liberdade, sendo esta tomada como o princípio de maior valor na contemporaneidade. Daí, a liberdade direcionada ao aspecto social ser especificamente expressa nas instituições, bem como seu vínculo estar intrinsecamente ligado às relações sociais, de mercado e também ao universo político. Ao se pressupor a existência de um vazio entre os princípios normativos pertencentes à justiça e a realidade social, conforme considera o autor, fomenta-se, a partir deste estudo, notar as potencialidades, bem como os limites desta reconstrução normativa, conforme proposição teórica de Honneth.
Liberdade, liberalismo e intervenção do estado: perspectivas teóricas de autores modernos
Authors: De Sousa Sávia Lorena Barreto Carvalho
Published: October 2019

Este ensaio teórico de base analítica visa entender criticamente aspectos do liberalismo e da intervenção do Estado. Com o objetivo central de resgatar questões trabalhadas por autores modernos da Ciência Política a respeito das formas que uma sociedade pode ser mais justa e combater as desigualdades no mundo, o questionamento principal se desdobra em reflexões sobre como conciliar a liberdade com a atuação dos mercados e a respeito dos limites da democracia neste contexto, discutidos em uma problematização de pensadores como Adam Smith, Alex de Tocqueville, Stuart Mill, Max Weber e Karl Marx em diálogo com teóricos mais contemporâneos, como Friedrich Hayek, John Rawls, Jürgen Habermas e Anthony Giddens. Conclui-se a urgência de um processo de fortalecimento dos Parlamentos, com políticas públicas de inclusão social que permitam uma sociedade mais igualitária e uma educação que abra portas para formar um cidadão crítico, que compreenda as diferenças dentro do campo do respeito ao Outro e às liberdades de escolha. A proposta de contínuo aprimoramento das instituições e juízos através de sistemas de consultas, reformas e revisões jurídicas e políticas, é cada vez mais necessária em um mundo de constantes mudanças.
As Observações sobre a Quantidade e a Medida na Doutrina do Ser de Hegel. Considerações histórico-críticas
Authors: Costa Antônio Carlos da Rocha , Bavaresco Agemir , Orsini Federico
Published: October 2019

Este artigo traz comentários a algumas das Observações sobre a matemática e as ciências que Hegel introduziu na Doutrina do Ser (1832) de sua Ciência da Lógica. Enfatiza-se a necessidade de que a leitura de tais Observações seja feita sob a luz da história da ciência, colocando a Ciência da Lógica no contexto do particular estágio de desenvolvimento em que a matemática e as demais ciências se encontravam. Mostramos que, com essa perspectiva histórico-crítica, os pontos positivos e negativos das Observações de Hegel se evidenciam com bastante clareza.
Filosofia moral e limites argumentativos: a literatura como meio transformador da consciência moral
Authors: Pinheiro Félix Flores
Published: October 2019

Recentemente, duas discussões em vêm ganhando destaque em filosofia moral. Por um lado, a visão de moralidade e de filosofia moral presente nas abordagens tradicionais desde a modernidade, como por exemplo as teorias da obrigação moral, tem sido posta em dúvida desde o diagnóstico de Anscombe (1958) de que a mesma não cumpre os seus propósitos. Por outro lado, com os desenvolvimentos dos estudos em filosofia da mente e em ciência cognitiva, parte da literatura da área tomou o conceito de “consciência moral” e as questões que estão relacionadas ao mesmo como tópico central. Neste artigo, tais abordagens são relacionadas através das considerações sobre os limites do âmbito argumentativo e da busca por meios não argumentativos de proceder em filosofia moral, oferecendo a literatura como um meio para tal.
O direito humano à comunicação no Brasil
Authors: Silva Wellington Araújo
Published: October 2019

Neste artigo se apresenta uma nova forma de conceber a comunicação. Essa nova concepção de comunicação foge à simples liberdade de falar ou ter acesso à informação; é momento de propor a comunicação como um direito humano, isto é, resguardar o direito de todos poderem participar no processo comunicacional, garantir materialmente que todos ouçam as vozes das minorias. Apresenta-se aqui o momento da comunicação na história dos direitos humanos, e o atual momento é de democratizar a comunicação para a comunicação democratizar a democracia.