bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Age‐associated mitochondrial complex I deficiency is linked to increased stem cell proliferation rates in the mouse colon
Authors: Stamp Craig , Whitehall Julia C. , Smith Anna L. M. , Houghton David , Bradshaw Carla , Stoll Elizabeth A. , Blain Alasdair P. , Turnbull Doug M. , Greaves Laura C.
Published: February 2021

One of the hallmarks of aging is an accumulation of cells with defects in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) due to mutations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Rapidly dividing tissues maintained by stem cells, such as the colonic epithelium, are particularly susceptible to accumulation of OXPHOS defects over time; however, the effects on the stem cells are unknown. We have crossed a mouse model in which intestinal stem cells are labelled with EGFP (Lgr5‐EGFP‐IRES‐creERT2) with a model of accelerated mtDNA mutagenesis (PolgAmut/mut) to investigate the effect of OXPHOS dysfunction on colonic stem cell proliferation. We show that a reduction in complex I protein levels is associated with an increased rate of stem cell cycle re‐entry. These changes in stem cell homeostasis could have significant implications for age‐associated intestinal pathogenesis.
Introduction to the policy articles on Trump to Biden: Implications for Canadian Agriculture
Authors: Ker Alan P.
Published: February 2021

President Biden was sworn in on January 20, 2021 after a 4‐year term by President Trump. Certainly, Trump's norm breaking presidency impacted Canada in significant ways and the agricultural sector was no exception. In this issue, we have a set of four short articles discussing the possible implications on Canadian agriculture of transitioning from a Trump to Biden presidency. Issues related to Canada‐U.S. agricultural trade, political norms and uncertainty, U.S. domestic support, participation in trade agreements, and U.S.‐China relations are all considered.
Impact of preoperative enteral nutritional support on postoperative outcome in patients with Crohn’s disease complicated by malnutrition
Authors: Abdalla Solafah , Benoist Stéphane , Maggiori Léon , Zerbib Philippe , Lefevre Jérémie H. , Denost Quentin , Germain Adeline , Cotte Eddy , Beyer‐Berjot Laura , Corte Hélène , Desfourneaux Véronique , Rahili Amine , Duffas Jean‐Pierre , Pautrat Karine , Denet Christine , Bridoux Valérie , Meurette Guillaume , Faucheron Jean‐Luc , Loriau Jérôme , Guillon Françoise , Vicaut Eric , Panis Yves , Brouquet Antoine ,   the GETAID Chirurgie group
Published: February 2021

Aim

Postoperative morbidity is high in patients operated on for Crohn's disease (CD) complicated by malnutrition. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of preoperative enteral nutritional support (PENS) on postoperative outcome in patients with CD complicated by malnutrition included in a prospective nationwide cohort.

Method

Malnutrition was defined as body mass index <18 kg/m2 and/or albuminaemia <30 g/L and/or weight loss >10%. Failure of PENS was defined as the requirement for additional preoperative parenteral nutrition to PENS. Univariate analysis of the risk factors for PENS failure was performed. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to compare the outcomes between ‘upfront surgery’ and ‘PENS’ groups. The primary endpoint was the rate of intra‐abdominal septic morbidity and/or temporary defunctioning stoma.

Results

Among 592 patients included, 149 were selected. In the intention‐to‐treat population including 20 (13.4%) patients with PENS failure after PSM, 78 ‘upfront surgery’ and 71 ‘PENS’‐matched patients were compared, with no significant difference in the primary endpoint. Perforating CD and preoperative intra‐abdominal fistula were associated with PENS failure [37.5 vs 16.1% (P = 0.047) and 41.2% vs 16.2% (P = 0.020), respectively]. After exclusion of these 20 patients, PSM was used to compare 45 ‘upfront surgery’ and 51 ‘PENS’‐matched patients, with a significantly decreased rate of intra‐abdominal septic complications and/or temporary defunctioning stoma in the PENS group (19.6 vs 42.2%, P = 0.016).

Conclusion

Preoperative enteral nutritional support is associated with a trend but no conclusive evidence of a reduction in intra‐abdominal septic complications and/or requirement for defunctioning stoma. Patients with perforating CD complicated with malnutrition are at risk of PENS failure.
Effects of human‐dominated landscape on the community structure of silphid and dung beetles collected by carrion pitfall traps
Authors: Shizukuda Kyosuke , Saito Masayuki U.
Published: February 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of landscape and local environmental factors on the community structure of carrion beetles (silphid and dung beetles) and the abundance of major species in artificial (agricultural and urban landscapes) and forest landscapes in northeastern Japan. Eight study sites were set up in forest landscapes, six in agricultural landscapes, and six in urban landscapes. From June to October 2019, we collected carrion beetles using 385 pitfall traps. A total of 2,119 carrion beetles belonging to 15 species were captured. This included six species of silphid beetles and nine species of dung beetles. The non‐metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) for carrion beetle community showed that carrion beetles have different community structures in forest landscapes compared to other landscapes. Generalized dissimilarity modeling (GDM) showed that canopy openness and a landscape factor had the large influence on the community structure. The generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) showed that the abundance of the major species was low in open environments. This study indicates that the community structure of carrion beetles differs depending on the landscape in northeastern Japan. The local environment, especially the canopy openness, had a great influence on the community structure and abundance of carrion beetles. Anthropogenic changes at the landscape scale may alter carrion beetle community by significantly changing the local and surrounding environment.
Thermodynamic model of ZnO‐Nb2O5‐P2O5 glasses – parameterization and validation
Authors: Liška Marek , Macháček Jan , Chromčíková Mária , Holubová Jana , Černošek Zdeněk
Published: February 2021

On the basis of experimental structural data ten system components were considered in the ZnO‐Nb2O5‐P2O5 thermodynamic model of Shakhmatkin and Vedishcheva – ZnO, Nb2O5, P2O5, ZnP4O11, Zn(PO3)2, Zn2P2O7, Zn3(PO4)2, NbO(PO3)3, (NbO)4(P2O7)3, and NbOPO4. The molar Gibbs energies of ZnO, Nb2O5, P2O5, and Zn3(PO4)2 were taken from the FACT database. The unknown Gibbs energies of the other components were estimated by minimizing the sum of squares of deviations between the calculated and measured equilibrium molar amounts of system components for the series xNb2O5·50ZnO·(50‐x)P2O5. The model was validated by the Multivariate Curve Resolution (MCR) and Malfait's analysis of Raman spectra of xNb2O5·(50‐x)ZnO·50P2O5 glasses. The MCR analysis performed for three components resulted in loadings that were in acceptable coincidence with partial Raman spectra obtained by Malfait's decomposition. Both the MCR and the Malfait's decomposition reproduced the experimental Raman spectra very well ‐ on the level of experimental error.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for psychological and behavioural changes among parents of children with chronic health conditions: A systematic review
Authors: Jin Xiaohuan , Wong Cho Lee , Li Huiyuan , Chen Jieling , Chong Yuen Yu , Bai Yang
Published: February 2021

Aims

To systematically identify the application of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy among parents of children with chronic health conditions and determine its effectiveness in parental psychological flexibility, psychological distress and parenting behaviour.

Design

Systematic review.

Data sources

Nine databases (i.e. MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsychINFO, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and WanFang Data) were systematically searched from inception to October 2019.

Review Methods

Quality of studies was appraised by using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist. Findings were synthesized narratively. This work was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis statement.

Results

Eight studies involving 485 parents were included. Results indicated that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy significantly improved parental psychological flexibility and reduced psychological distress compared with usual care and waitlist, but was not significantly different from active treatments. Limited studies have provided very preliminary evidence that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy can significantly improve dysfunctional parenting behaviour than usual care and waitlist. High attrition rate at follow‐up made the overall confidence of maintained effect relatively low.

Conclusion

This review provides preliminary evidence that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy is beneficial for improving psychological flexibility, psychological distress and parenting behaviour among parents of children with chronic health conditions. Future studies with rigorous designs and large sample sizes are warranted to verify the evidence and explore its long‐term efficacy.

Impact

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy has been increasingly applied to parents of children with chronic health conditions. This review provides positive evidence of its effects on psychological and behavioural outcomes among these parents. This work will help healthcare professionals and researchers with their practice and further research.
A multi‐centre randomized controlled trial of mobile gynaecological cancer support program for patients with gynaecological cancer undergoing chemotherapy: Study protocol
Authors: Lin Huicong , Chan Sally Wai‐chi , Ye Mingzhu , Wang Yanlong , Liu Hongli , Li Min , Liu Shengjie , Zhu Jiemin
Published: February 2021

Aim

Patients with gynaecological cancer often experience high levels of uncertainty in illness during chemotherapy and report unmet supportive care needs. Mobile applications (apps) are increasing being used as an easily accessible alternative to support these patients, but a lack of rigorous trials have been conducted to explore their effectiveness. Based on Mishel's uncertainty in illness theory, the Mobile Gynaecological Cancer Support (MGCS) program is an app‐based program that includes four modules: 1) weekly topics, 2) emotional care, 3) discussion centre and 4) health consultation. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of MGCS for Chinese patients with gynaecological cancer receiving chemotherapy in respect of reducing uncertainty in illness and symptom distress and improving quality of life and social support.

Design

A multi‐centre randomized controlled trial will be used.

Methods

One hundred and sixty‐eight patients with gynaecological cancer commencing chemotherapy will be recruited from three university affiliated hospitals and assigned to the control or intervention group with block randomization. The control group will only receive routine care. The intervention group will access the MGCS program for 24 weeks and receive routine care. Health outcomes will be evaluated at baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks. Repeated measures multivariate analysis of covariance (intention‐to‐treat) will be used to assess the effectiveness of MGCS.

Discussion

This is the first trial to explore the effectiveness of an app‐based program for patients with gynaecological cancer using a robust and rigorous study design in China. If effective, this trial will provide evidence for an app‐based program to support these patients.

Impact

The knowledge gained can be applied to develop other culturally appropriate app‐based programs for cancer groups worldwide, and provide evidence for health policymakers to allocate more resources and train staff for e‐health.

Trial Registration

ChiCTR2000033678 (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Registered 08 June, 2020).
Evolution of high‐grade atrioventricular conduction disorders after transcatheter aortic valve implantation in patients who underwent implantation of a pacemaker with specific mode—that minimizes ventricular pacing—activated
Authors: Irles Didier , Salerno Fiorella , Cassagneau Romain , Eschalier Romain , Maupain Carole , Dupuis Jean‐Marc , Mansourati Jacques , Guedon Laurence , Marijon Eloi , Frey Pierre ,   Other members of the STIMulation cardiaque post‐TAVI (STIM‐TAVI) study
Published: February 2021

Introduction

The evolution of atrioventricular conduction disorders after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) remains poorly understood. We sought to identify factors associated with late (occurring ≥7 days after the procedure) high‐grade atrioventricular blocks after TAVI, based on specific pacemaker memory data.

Methods and Results

STIM‐TAVI (NCT03338582) was a prospective, multicentre, observational study that enrolled all patients (from November 2015 to January 2017) implanted with a specific dual chamber pacemaker after TAVI, with the SafeR algorithm activated, allowing continuous monitoring of atrioventricular conduction. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of centrally adjudicated late high‐grade atrioventricular blocks during the year after TAVI. Among 197 patients, 138 (70.1%) had ≥1 late high‐grade atrioventricular block. Whereas oversizing (p = .005), high‐grade atrioventricular block during TAVI (p < .001), and early (within 6 days) high‐grade atrioventricular block (p < .001) were associated with occurrence of late high‐grade atrioventricular block, self‐expanding prothesis (p = .88), prior right bundle branch block (p = .45), low implantation (p = .06), and new or wider left bundle branch block and lengthening of PR interval (p = .24) were not. In multivariable analysis, only post‐TAVI early high‐grade atrioventricular block remained associated with late high‐grade atrioventricular blocks (Days 0–1: odds ratio [OR], 3.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.57–6.74; p = .001; Days 2–6: OR, 4.13; 95% CI, 2.06–8.31; p < .001), whereas other conventionally used predictors were not.

Conclusion

One‐third of pacemaker‐implanted patients do not experience late high‐grade atrioventricular block. Our findings suggest that post‐TAVI early high‐grade atrioventricular block is the main factor associated with occurrence of late high‐grade atrioventricular blocks.
Putative Meiotic Toolkit in the Dinoflagellate Prorocentrum cordatum: Additional Evidence for Sexual Process from Transcriptome
Authors: Berdieva Mariia A. , Pozdnyakov Ilya A. , Kalinina Vera O. , Skarlato Sergei O.
Published: February 2021

Prorocentrum cordatum (Ostenfeld) Dodge—is a planktonic armored dinoflagellate that is a bloom‐forming, potentially toxic cosmopolitan species. The transition from vegetative reproduction to the sexual process has been recently shown for this organism. Here, we present the results of transcriptomic data analysis that uncovered one syngamy‐associated and 16 meiosis‐associated proteins in P. cordatum. We also detected an amino acid sequence homologous to bacterial MutS2 protein. The MutS2 presence and origin in dinoflagellates are discussed for the first time.
Impact of ultraviolet radiation and exposome on rosacea: Key role of photoprotection in optimizing treatment
Authors: Morgado‐Carrasco Daniel , Granger Corinne , Trullas Carles , Piquero‐Casals Jaime
Published: February 2021

Background

Pathophysiology of rosacea is not completely understood and involves a complex interaction among genetics, ultraviolet (UV) light, microorganisms, impaired skin barrier, neuronal and vascular dysfunction, and immune system disruption.

Aims

To describe the etiology of rosacea with an emphasis on the role of UV radiation and exposome, and to review the importance of non‐pharmacologic strategies focusing on photoprotection.

Methods

We conducted a narrative review of the literature. We performed literature searches with PubMed from January 1990 to November 2020 using the keywords “rosacea”, “pathogenesis”, “ultraviolet radiation”, “exposome”, “photoprotection”, “sunscreens” and “non‐pharmacologic agents”. The search was limited to English, Spanish, and French language articles.

Results

Several environmental factors such as UV light, diverse microorganisms, air pollution, tobacco smoking, nutrition, and psychological stress showed to trigger or worsen rosacea. UV radiation was reported to induce pro‐inflammatory, pro‐angiogenic, and pro‐fibrotic responses. We found 6 original articles about the impact of sunscreens on rosacea. The use of sunscreens containing ingredients with emollient, anti‐inflammatory, and/or vasoregulatory properties was shown to significantly improve symptomatology.

Conclusion

UV radiation and the exposome play a key role in the development of rosacea. UV light is implicated in all significant aspects of rosacea: skin inflammation, neoangiogenesis, telangiectasia, and fibrosis, and may even initiate rosacea. While the use of sunscreens is widely recommended, the literature on the impact of photoprotection in rosacea is scarce. Adequately formulated sunscreens could not only provide the required level of photoprotection, but may also help to mitigate the barrier dysfunction, neutralize facial redness (tinted sunscreens), and decrease inflammation and vascular dysfunction.
Women's Psychological Experiences in a Narrative Therapy‐Based Group: An Analysis of Participants' Writings and Beck Depression Inventory–Second Edition
Authors: Koganei Kiyoko , Asaoka Yuki , Nishimatsu Yoshiko , Kito Satoshi
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study was to explore women's experiences in a narrative therapy‐based group conducted to help participants re‐author their stories. Seven women who were either patients or individuals enrolled in Transition Support for Employment at a psychiatric clinic participated in the meetings, one every fortnight. Each session explored a theme based on narrative therapy techniques such as externalization. The participants wrote their reflections during each session, and completed the Beck Depression Inventory‐Second Edition (BDI‐II) during the initial and final sessions. An affinity diagram was developed to classify their written reflections into 22 lower categories (e.g., new understanding of self, forward‐looking‐understanding of life) and 4 upper categories (“Insight,” “Sharing with others,” “Changes with understanding of lives,” “Higher motivation”). The relationship among five lower categories comprising “Insight” was explored, and it became apparent that clarification of participants' own thoughts about social problems functioned as a mediator promoting the process. The largest portion of depressed feelings emerged during the initial session, and four participants had lower scores for BDI‐II items such as self‐criticism in the final session. The results suggest that the group's purpose was realized. However, future studies should examine participants' feelings more closely, especially during the initial session.
Partisanship and the Effectiveness of Personal Vote Seeking
Authors: Fleming Thomas G.
Published: February 2021

Recent work suggests that partisan dealignment should undermine political parties by giving members of Parliament (MPs) greater incentives for personal vote seeking. The key mechanism underlying such arguments is that voters with stronger party ties are less responsive to the records of individual MPs. However, existing tests of this mechanism are largely either indirect, based on responses to rebellious voting or nonlegislative behavior, or drawn from the United States. This article thus provides a new test of whether partisan voters are less responsive to MPs' parliamentary activity. I present two complementary analyses—a natural experiment in New Zealand and a survey experiment in the United Kingdom. Both suggest that more active MPs are more popular, but that this relationship is moderated by voters' partisanship. MPs' parliamentary activity chiefly influences the behavior of voters with the weakest partisanship. This offers new evidence that partisan dealignment heightens legislators’ incentives for personal vote seeking.
Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex intrinsic functional connectivity linked to electrocortical measures of error monitoring
Authors: Gilbertson Hayley , Fang Lin , Andrzejewski Jeremy A. , Carlson Joshua M.
Published: February 2021

The error‐related negativity (ERN) is a response‐locked event‐related potential, occurring approximately 50 ms following an erroneous response at frontocentral electrode sites. Source localization and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research indicate that the ERN is likely generated by activity in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). The dACC is thought to be a part of a broader network of brain regions that collectively comprise an error monitoring network. However, little is known about how intrinsic connectivity within the dACC‐based error monitoring network contributes to variability in ERN amplitude. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between dACC functional connectivity and ERN amplitude. In a sample of highly trait anxious individuals, the ERN was elicited in a flanker task and functional connectivity was assessed in a 10‐min resting‐state fMRI scan. Results suggest that the strength of dACC seeded functional connectivity with the supplementary motor area is correlated with the ΔERN (i.e., incorrect—correct responses) amplitude such that greater ΔERN amplitude was accompanied by greater functional coupling between these regions. In sum, ERN amplitude appears to be related to the strength of functional connectivity between error monitoring and motor control regions of the brain.
Suicide as an interpersonal phenomenon: Dyadic methodological and statistical considerations in suicide research
Authors: Leifker Feea R. , Leo Karena , Adamo Colin , Baucom Brian R. W.
Published: February 2021

Interpersonal risk and resilience factors are prominent in current conceptual models of suicide. A growing body of empirical evidence links suicidal thoughts and behaviors to a range of interpersonal phenomenon adding further support to the value of this line of inquiry. At present, research on interpersonal phenomenon focuses on assessing individuals' perceptions of interpersonal phenomenon, such as appraisals of burdensomeness, experienced loneliness, and thwarted belongingness. As this line of research continues to develop, we argue that it would be valuable to consider incorporating conceptual models of interpersonal phenomenon and corresponding methodological approaches from closely allied fields. After providing a brief overview of interpersonal models of suicide, we present an introduction to conceptual models of interpersonal phenomenon developed in relationship science, describe how these models can be applied to the study of interpersonal phenomenon in suicide research, and close with a guided tutorial on data collection and statistical analysis methods for testing hypotheses derived from these conceptual approaches. References for additional reading are provided, and the Appendix S1 provides simulated data sets and statistical code for the analyses in the tutorial section.
A gentle tutorial on power simulations in suicide research: Worked examples in R
Authors: Cero Ian
Published: February 2021

Introduction

Power analysis is critical for both planning future research samples and evaluating the reasonability of answers produced by pre‐existing and fixed samples. Unfortunately, the irregularity of suicide‐related data and the need for increasingly complex models in suicide research can make traditional power formulas inaccurate or even unusable. Ignoring these common problems risks both over‐ and under‐recruiting, as well as obscuring the true quality of the results (up and down) to future reviewers and readers.

Method

A better option is to use Monte Carlo power simulations.

Results

These techniques produce answers that are equivalent to traditional power formulas when traditional assumptions are met, but produce more accurate results in the common case when those assumptions are violated.

Conclusion

What follows is a tutorial on how suicide researchers can conduct such simulations. It begins by building the reader’s intuition for why simulations work, followed by two worked examples in R. Discussion also includes guidelines for conducting and reporting simulations, along with answers to frequently asked questions. Appendices provide code examples researchers can model and adapt to their own simulations as needed.
The novel HLA‐DPB1*571:01 allele characterized by SMRT DNA sequencing in an African Caribbean individual
Authors: Boix Francisco , Trujillo Cristabel , Tavarozzi Franco , Fowles Finnuala , Latham Katy
Published: February 2021

A single nucleotide substitution in exon 3 of HLA‐DPB1*105:01 results in a new allele, HLA‐DPB1*571:01.
Simultaneous Fault Detection and Control for Continuous-Time Switched Takagi–Sugeno Fuzzy Systems With State Jumps
Authors: Ait Ladel Ayyoub , Benzaouia Abdellah , Outbib Rachid , Ouladsine Mustapha
Published: February 2021

This article addresses the simultaneous fault detection and control (SFDC) issue for switched Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy systems with state jumps. The main objective is to design robust detection filters and observer-based controllers to stabilize this system class and, at the same time, detect the presence of faults. Less conservative stability conditions are developed, applying the mode-dependent average dwell time (MDADT) concept, the robust H∞ approach, and the piecewise Lyapunov function (PLF) technique. Based on these conditions, the integrated controller and detector design is formalized in the form of linear matrix inequalities (LMI) instead of bilinear matrix inequalities (BMI). The proposed LMIs determine the controller/detector gains simultaneously in a single step, thus offering more degrees-of-freedom in the design. Finally, a numerical example and two real systems are studied to prove the applicability and effectiveness of the obtained results.
A Novel Modular Approach for Kinematic Modeling and Analysis of Planar Hybrid Manipulators
Authors: Gupta Sakshi , Gupta Sameer , Agrawal Anupam , Singla Ekta
Published: February 2021

For customized design of a hybrid manipulator for a specific application, selection of an appropriate configuration is always a challenge. To assist in this foremost decision in data-driven synthesis, a novel approach is proposed for modular formation of quick configurations. Majorly, a unified methodology is presented for the development of respective kinematic models and differential relations for their performance analyses. This unified modular approach utilizes modular primitives to define planar hybrid configurations. Three types of primitives are introduced as modular components, and the pattern study is detailed. Modeling results from the proposed approach are also compared with normally used partial differentiation with respect to the computational efforts, streamlined modular implementations, and applicability in optimal design approaches. The comparison highlights how the column-wise approach is appropriate for modular methodology. The strategy will help a designer as a tool for analyzing several configurations. Two realistic case studies are demonstrated in this article for application of the methodology in the medical robotics field.
Functional and numerical responses of Neoseiulus barkeri (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on two-spotted spider mite: the effect of patch condition and additional food source

Authors: Fathipour Yaghoub , Maleknia Bahador , Bagheri Abdoolnabi , Soufbaf Mahmoud , Zalucki Myron P.
Published: February 2021

Parameters that describe foraging behavior play a key role in selection of natural enemies used in biological control programs. These parameters are greatly affected by patch condition and food source type. This study was carried out to evaluate foraging behavior in Neoseiulus barkeri (Hughes) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), a predatory mite of Tetranychus urticae Koch under different patch and diet conditions. The predation rate of N. barkeri at different egg and nymph densities of T. urticae (2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128) was investigated in both limited and unlimited patches either in the presence or absence of pollen as an additional food source under laboratory conditions. A Type II functional response was determined for N. barkeri on eggs or nymphs of T. urticae in both unlimited and limited patches. The type of functional response was not affected by presence or absence of pollen. The numerical response, in terms of eggs laid, increased curvilinear with increasing prey density. The numerical response was similar in shape to a Type II functional response. The efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) of female N. barkeri decreased in all treatments when prey density increased. The type of patch (limited or unlimited) and prey stage (egg or nymph in the presence or absence of pollen) can affect searching efficiency (a) and handling time (Th) (functional response) as well as daily fecundity and ECI (numerical response) of the phytoseiid predator mite, N. barkeri with implications for its use in biological control.
Comparison of Physiological Parameters During On-Water and Ergometer Kayaking and Their Relationship to Performance in Sprint Kayak Competitions
Authors: Matzka Manuel , Zinner Christoph , Kunz Philipp , Holmberg Hans-Christer , Sperlich Billy
Published: February 2021

Purpose:(1) To compare various physiological indicators of performance during a 5 × 1500-m incremental kayak test performed on an ergometer and on-water and (2) to analyze the relationships between these indicators and the actual competition performance of elite sprint kayakers, aiming to provide information to coaches for evaluating and planning training on-water.Methods:A total of 14 male and female German elite sprint kayakers performed an incremental test both on an ergometer and on-water. The tissue saturation index of the musculus (m.)biceps brachii, oxygen consumption, ratings of perceived exertion, and levels of blood lactate were measured and compared with actual racing times. In addition, power output was monitored during ergometer testing only.Results:Oxygen consumption during the fourth (P = .02;d = 0.32) and final (fifth;P < .001;d = 0.32) steps of incremental testing was higher on-water than on the ergometer. The tissue saturation index of the m.biceps brachiiwas approximately 21% higher at the end of the ergometer test (P = .002;d = 1.14). During the second (P = .01;d = 0.78), third (P = .005;d = 0.93), and fourth stages (P = .005;d = 1.02), the ratings of perceived exertion for ergometer kayaking was higher. During the final step, power output was most closely correlated to 200- (r = .88), 500- (r = .93), and 1000-m (r = .86) racing times (allPs < .01).Conclusions:During high-intensity kayaking on an ergometer or on-water, the oxygen consumption and tissue saturation index of the m.biceps brachiidiffer. Furthermore, at moderate to submaximal intensities, the ratings of perceived exertion were higher for ergometer than for on-water kayaking. Finally, of all parameters assessed, the power output during ergometer kayaking exhibited the strongest correlation with actual racing performance.
Effects of Velocity Loss Threshold Within Resistance Training During Concurrent Training on Endurance and Strength Performance
Authors: Sánchez-Moreno Miguel , Rodríguez-Rosell David , Díaz-Cueli David , Pareja-Blanco Fernando , González-Badillo Juan José
Published: February 2021

Purpose: This study analyzed the effects of 3 training interventions: 1 isolated endurance training (ET) and 2 concurrent training (CT), which differed in the velocity loss (VL) magnitude allowed during the resistance training (RT) set: 15% (VL15) versus 45%, on strength and endurance running performance. Methods: A total of 33 resistance- and endurance-trained men were randomly allocated into 3 groups: VL15, VL 45%, and ET. ET was similar across all groups. The CT groups differed in the VL allowed during the RT set. Before and after the 8-week training program the following tests were performed: (1) running sprints, (2) vertical jump, (3) progressive loading test in the squat exercise, and (4) incremental treadmill running test up to maximal oxygen uptake. Results: Significant differences (P < .001) in RT volume (approximately 401 vs 177 total repetitions for VL 45% and VL15, respectively) were observed. Significant “group” × “time” interactions were observed for vertical jump and all strength-related variables: the CT groups attained significantly greater gains than ET. Moreover, a significant “group” × “time” interaction (P = .03) was noted for velocity at maximal oxygen uptake. Although all groups showed increases in velocity at maximal oxygen uptake, the VL15 group achieved greater gains than the ET group. Conclusions: CT interventions experienced greater strength gains than the ET group. Although all groups improved their endurance performance, the VL15 intervention resulted in greater gains than the ET approach. Therefore, moderate VL thresholds in RT performed during CT could be a good strategy for concurrently maximizing strength and endurance development.
Load Index and Vertical Jump to Monitor Neuromuscular Fatigue in an Elite 800-m Athlete
Authors: Marco-Contreras Luis A. , Bachero-Mena Beatriz , Rodríguez-Rosell David , González-Badillo Juan J.
Published: February 2021

Purpose: To analyze the relationships between the evolution of training-load values and countermovement jump (CMJ) as an indicator of stress and fatigue in a high-level 800-m runner during a whole season, including indoor (ID) and outdoor season (OD). Methods: Over 42 weeks, daily training load was quantified as the result of the product of the intensity and volume, and it was termed load index (LI). CMJ was measured in every running session after warm-up and immediately after the last effort of the session. Other jump-related variables such as CMJ height loss, average weekly CMJ, initial CMJ of the next consecutive session, and initial CMJ of the following week were studied. Results: A significant negative relationship was observed between LI and weekly CMJ (ID: r = −.68, P < .001, common variance [CV] = 46%; OD: r = −.73, P < .001, CV = 53%), initial CMJ of the following week (OD: r = −.71, P < .01, CV = 50%), and CMJ height loss (ID: r = −.58, P < .01, CV = 34%; OD: r = −.52, P < .01, CV = 27%). A significant positive relationship was observed between LI and initial CMJ of the next consecutive session when LI values were <8 (OD: r = .72; P < .01, CV = 52%). However, from values ≥8, the relationship turned into a significant negative one (ID: r = −.74; P < .01, CV = 55%; OD: r = −64, P < .01, CV = 41%). Conclusions: CMJ may be a valid indicator of the degree of stress or fatigue generated by specific training sessions of a competitive athlete within a single session, a week, or even the following week. There could be an individual limit LI value from which the training volume does not allow a positive effect on high-speed actions such as a CMJ in the next consecutive session.
The unequal impact of parenthood in academia
Authors: Morgan Allison C. , Way Samuel F. , Hoefer Michael J. D. , Larremore Daniel B. , Galesic Mirta , Clauset Aaron
Published: February 2021

Parenthood causes an unequal impact to the productivity of women in academia, taking 5 years for them to catch up to men.
Cryo-EM structure of enteric adenovirus HAdV-F41 highlights structural variations among human adenoviruses
Authors: Pérez-Illana Marta , Martínez Marta , Condezo Gabriela N. , Hernando-Pérez Mercedes , Mangroo Casandra , Brown Martha , Marabini Roberto , San Martín Carmen
Published: February 2021

This work reports the structure of an enteric adenovirus and its differences with respiratory and ocular adenoviruses.
Glucocorticoid counteracts cellular mechanoresponses by LINC01569-dependent glucocorticoid receptor–mediated mRNA decay
Authors: Zhu Huayu , Li Jun , Li Yize , Zheng Zhao , Guan Hao , Wang Hongtao , Tao Ke , Liu Jiaqi , Wang Yunchuan , Zhang Wanfu , Li Chao , Li Jie , Jia Lintao , Bai Wendong , Hu Dahai
Published: February 2021

Glucocorticoid counteracts cellular mechanoresponses by a novel lncRNA-dependent mRNA decay machinery.
The regulatory enzymes and protein substrates for the lysine β-hydroxybutyrylation pathway
Authors: Huang He , Zhang Di , Weng Yejing , Delaney Kyle , Tang Zhanyun , Yan Cong , Qi Shankang , Peng Chao , Cole Philip A. , Roeder Robert G. , Zhao Yingming
Published: February 2021

Widespread lysine β-hydroxybutyrylation plays diverse regulatory roles and is reversibly regulated by p300 and HDAC1/2.
Millisecond lattice gasification for high-density CO
2
- and O
2
-sieving nanopores in single-layer graphene
Authors: Huang Shiqi , Li Shaoxian , Villalobos Luis Francisco , Dakhchoune Mostapha , Micari Marina , Babu Deepu J. , Vahdat Mohammad Tohidi , Mensi Mounir , Oveisi Emad , Agrawal Kumar Varoon
Published: February 2021

Tight control of pore size distribution at high pore density achieved by millisecond gasification.
Genome Sequencing of Kocuria varians Strain 80, Isolated from Starter Culture for Dry Sausage
Authors: Konorov Evgenii A. , Kurbakov Konstantin A. , Minaev Mikhail Y.
Published: February 2021

The genome of the meat starter culture strain
Kocuria varians
80 was sequenced and assembled into a single 2.82-Mb chromosome. Genome sequence comparison of
K. varians
strain 80 and previously sequenced strains revealed predicted proteomic differences that can impact its technological properties.
Metagenome Assembly and Metagenome-Assembled Genome Sequences from the Rhizosphere of Maize Plants in Mafikeng, South Africa
Authors: Babalola Olubukola O. , Molefe Rebaona R. , Amoo Adenike E.
Published: February 2021

The rhizosphere microbiome plays an essential role in enhancing the growth of plants, raising the need for comprehension of their metabolic abilities. Here, we investigated rhizospheric and bulk soils of maize plants in Mafikeng, South Africa. Metagenome-assembled genomes containing plant growth-promoting genes were reconstructed.
High-Throughput Sequencing Survey of Sunflower Soil
Authors: Babalola Olubukola Oluranti , Nwachukwu Blessing Chidinma , Ayangbenro Ayansina Segun
Published: February 2021

Plant rhizobiomes are responsible for major soil processes in the immediate plant environment, but our knowledge of the linkage between below-ground microbiota diversity and plant health is limited. We studied the bacterial and archaeal communities of sunflower rhizosphere organisms by comparing the composition of these communities in bulk soil at three farms in the North West province of South Africa. We evaluated and described a plethora of bacterial and archaeal taxa.
Supplemental Material: Oligocene-Neogene lithospheric-scale reactivation of Mesozoic terrane accretionary structures in the Alaska Range suture zone, southern Alaska, USA
Authors: Waldien T.S. , al. et
Published: February 2021

U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar data for samples presented herein.
Cost and cost-effectiveness of a real-world HCV treatment program among HIV-infected individuals in Myanmar
Authors: Marquez Lara K , Chaillon Antoine , Soe Kyi Pyar , Johnson Derek C , Zosso Jean-Marc , Incerti Andrea , Loarec Anne , Nguyen Aude , Walker Josephine G , Mafirakureva Nyashadzaishe , Lo Re III Vincent , Wynn Adriane , McIntosh Craig , Kiene Susan M , Brodine Stephanie , Garfein Richard S , Vickerman Peter , Martin Natasha K
Published: February 2021

Introduction

Over half of those hepatitis C virus (HCV)/HIV coinfected live in low-income and middle-income countries, and many remain undiagnosed or untreated. In 2016, Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) established a direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment programme for people HCV/HIV coinfected in Myanmar. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the real-world cost and cost-effectiveness of this programme, and potential cost-effectiveness if implemented by the Ministry of Health (MoH).

Methods

Costs (patient-level microcosting) and treatment outcomes were collected from the MSF prospective cohort study in Dawei, Myanmar. A Markov model was used to assess cost-effectiveness of the programme compared with no HCV treatment from a health provider perspective. Estimated lifetime and healthcare costs (in 2017 US$) and health outcomes (in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs)) were simulated to calculate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), compared with a willingness-to-pay threshold of per capita Gross Domestic Product in Myanmar ($1250). We evaluated cost-effectiveness with updated quality-assured generic DAA prices and potential cost-effectiveness of a proposed simplified treatment protocol with updated DAA prices if implemented by the MoH.

Results

From November 2016 to October 2017, 122 with HIV/HCV-coinfected patients were treated with DAAs (46% with cirrhosis), 96% (n=117) achieved sustained virological response. Mean treatment costs were $1229 (without cirrhosis) and $1971 (with cirrhosis), with DAA drugs being the largest contributor to cost. Compared with no treatment, the program was cost-effective (ICER $634/DALY averted); more so with updated prices for quality-assured generic DAAs (ICER $488/DALY averted). A simplified treatment protocol delivered by the MoH could be cost-effective if associated with similar outcomes (ICER $316/DALY averted).

Conclusions

Using MSF programme data, the DAA treatment programme for HCV among HIV-coinfected individuals is cost-effective in Myanmar, and even more so with updated DAA prices. A simplified treatment protocol could enhance cost-effectiveness if further rollout demonstrates it is not associated with worse treatment outcomes.
Comparison of a single high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T measurement with the HEART score for rapid rule-out of acute myocardial infarction in a primary care emergency setting: a cohort study
Authors: Johannessen Tonje R , Atar Dan , Vallersnes Odd Martin , Larstorp Anne Cecilie K , Mdala Ibrahimu , Halvorsen Sigrun
Published: February 2021

Objective

This study aims to compare the rule-out safety of a single high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) with the History, ECG, Age, Risk factors and Troponin (HEART) score in a low-prevalence primary care setting of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Participants

Patients with non-specific symptoms suggestive of AMI were consecutively enroled at a primary care emergency clinic in Oslo, Norway from November 2016 to October 2018.

Methods

After initial assessment by a general practitioner, hs-cTnT samples were drawn. AMI was ruled-out by a single hs-cTnT <5 ng/L measured ≥3 hours after symptom onset. The HEART score was calculated retrospectively; a score ≤3 of 10 points was considered low risk. We also calculated a modified HEART score using more sensitive hs-cTnT thresholds. The primary outcome was the diagnostic performance for the rule-out of AMI at the index event; the secondary the composite of AMI or all-cause death at 90 days.

Results

Among 1711 patients, 61 (3.6%) were diagnosed with AMI, and 569 (33.3%) patients were assigned to single rule-out (<5 ng/L). With no AMIs in this group, the negative predictive value (NPV) and sensitivity were both 100.0% (95% CI 99.4% to 100.0% and 94.1% to 100.0%, respectively), and the specificity 34.5% (32.2% to 36.8%). The original HEART score triaged more patients as low risk (n=871), but missed five AMIs (NPV 99.4% (98.7% to 99.8%); sensitivity 91.8% (81.9% to 97.3%) and specificity 52.5% (50.0% to 54.9%)). The modified HEART score increased the low-risk sensitivity to 98.4% (91.2% to 100.0%), with specificity 38.7% (36.3% to 41.1%). The 90-day incidence of AMI or death in the single rule-out and the original and modified low-risk HEART groups were 0.0%, 0.7%, and 0.2%, respectively.

Conclusion

In a primary care emergency setting, a single hs-cTnT strategy was superior to the HEART score in ruling out AMI. This rapid and safe approach may enhance the assessment of patients with chest pain outside of hospitals.

Trial registration number

NCT02983123.
Efficacy and moderators of efficacy of trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapies in children and adolescents: protocol for an individual participant data meta-analysis from randomised trials
Authors: de Haan Anke , Hitchcock Caitlin , Meiser-Stedman Richard , Landolt Markus A , Kuhn Isla , Black Melissa J , Klaus Kristel , Patel Shivam D , Fisher David J , Dalgleish Tim
Published: February 2021

Introduction

Trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapies are the first-line treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children and adolescents. Nevertheless, open questions remain with respect to efficacy: why does this first-line treatment not work for everyone? For whom does it work best? Individual clinical trials often do not provide sufficient statistical power to examine and substantiate moderating factors. To overcome the issue of limited power, an individual participant data meta-analysis of randomised trials evaluating forms of trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy in children and adolescents aged 6–18 years will be conducted.

Methods and analysis

We will update the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guideline literature search from 2018 with an electronic search in the databases PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and CINAHL with the terms (trauma* OR stress*) AND (cognitive therap* OR psychotherap*) AND (trial* OR review*). Electronic searches will be supplemented by a comprehensive grey literature search in archives and trial registries. Only randomised trials that used any manualised psychological treatment—that is a trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy for children and adolescents—will be included. The primary outcome variable will be child-reported posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) post-treatment. Proxy-reports (teacher, parent and caregiver) will be analysed separately. Secondary outcomes will include follow-up assessments of PTSS, PTSD diagnosis and symptoms of comorbid disorders such as depression, anxiety-related and externalising problems. Random-effects models applying restricted maximum likelihood estimation will be used for all analyses. We will use the Revised Cochrane Risk of Bias tool to measure risk of bias.

Ethics and dissemination

Contributing study authors need to have permission to share anonymised data. Contributing studies will be required to remove patient identifiers before providing their data. Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at international conferences.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42019151954.