bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photoacoustic Spectroscopy in Trace Gas Monitoring
Authors: Harren Frans J.M. , Mandon Julien , Cristescu Simona M.
Published: March 2012

Gas phase spectroscopy is nowadays very common in a wide variety of fields next to chemistry and physics. From research involving living organisms to air pollution monitoring, spectroscopic gas sensors have proven to be indispensable tools. There are various ways of utilizing gas sensors, and each application has different demands. Some applications require a very high sensitivity for one specific gas compound, while others benefit more from sensors able to measure a wide range of gases. A high time resolution is also desirable, as well as selectivity, robustness, and little or no need for sample preparation. This paper discusses photoacoustic spectroscopy as a sensitive, on‐line and non‐invasive tool to monitor the concentration of trace gases. After a short introduction and a historic overview, attention is focused onto the description of devices and equipment; they determine the detection limits and selectivity. Applications are discussed with emphasis on environmental monitoring, medical applications and biological applications (such as post‐harvest physiology, plant physiology, microbiology, and entomology).
Fluorescence Spectroscopy in Food Analysis
Authors: Albani Jihad‐René
Published: March 2012

Food is vital for life, thus it is very important to know how to maintain its quality and thus to detect and analyse all components interfering with food quality. This article describes application of spectrofluorometry combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in food analysis. Spectrofluorometry allows measuring structural changes in food proteins, whereas HPLC combined with fluorescence helps to study toxins, pathogenic microbes, heating effects, fat oxidation, vitamins, additives, amino acids, and enzyme activity in food.
Analytical Platforms in Metabolomics
Authors: Priego‐Capote Feliciano , Luque de Castro María Dolores , Álvarez‐Sánchez Beatriz
Published: March 2012

The present importance of metabolomics to go inside the unsolved secrets of living organisms, as a single discipline or together with other omics, has opened interest in analytical platforms to obtain proper metabolomic information. The steps involved in developing these platforms (viz sampling, sample storage, sample preparation, individual metabolites separation, if required, and detection) are critically discussed as a function of the type of organism under study, the type of sample, and the families of metabolites to be analyzed. An overview of the fundamentals of key equipment in metabolomics, such as that based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry or mass spectrometry (MS), is also given for better understanding of its usefulness in this discipline.
Stable Isotope Analysis: General Principles and Limitations
Authors: Meier‐Augenstein Wolfram , Kemp Helen F
Published: March 2012

Exploiting subtle variations or differences in stable isotope abundance of e.g., drugs, fibres, or human tissue is an emerging and innovative tool for forensic chemical analysis. This article provides an introduction into stable isotope analysis, stable isotope terminology, and how isotope ratio measurements are quality controlled, while at the same time putting the information contained in stable isotope signatures into a forensic context.
Genetic Modifier Screens in Mice
Authors: Carpinelli Marina R. , Burt Rachel A. , Kile Benjamin T.
Published: March 2012

ENU mutagenesis is a forward genetics strategy in which random mutagenesis and phenotypic screening is used to identify genes based on the phenotype induced when they are mutated. A modifier screen is a type of screen in which mice with a pre‐existing phenotype are utilized to identify mutations that can enhance or suppress this phenotype. This approach has the potential to uncover missing pathway members, reveal novel genetic interactions, and pinpoint new drug targets. Considerations when planning a suppressor screen include current knowledge, genomic footprint, penetrance, variance, robustness, latency of the starting phenotype, viability, fertility, genetic background and ENU tolerance of starting strain, screening assay, mouse numbers required, and mutation identification strategy. Practical advice on each of these is provided in this review. Curr. Protoc. Mouse Biol. 2:75‐87 © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Antibacterial Surface Coatings from Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Embedded in Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) Hydrogel Surface Layers
Authors: Schwartz Véronique B. , Thétiot Franck , Ritz Sandra , Pütz Sabine , Choritz Lars , Lappas Alexandros , Förch Renate , Landfester Katharina , Jonas Ulrich
Published: March 2012

Despite multiple research approaches to prevent bacterial colonization on surfaces, device‐associated infections are currently responsible for about 50% of nosocomial infections in Europe and significantly increase health care costs, which demands development of advanced antibacterial surface coatings. Here, novel antimicrobial composite materials incorporating zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NP) into biocompatible poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) hydrogel layers are prepared by mixing the PNIPAAm prepolymer with ZnO NP, followed by spin‐coating and photocrosslinking. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization of the composite film morphology reveals a homogeneous distribution of the ZnO NP throughout the film for every applied NP/polymer ratio. The optical properties of the embedded NP are not affected by the matrix as confirmed by UV‐vis spectroscopy. The nanocomposite films exhibit bactericidal behavior towards Escherichia coli (E. coli) for a ZnO concentration as low as ≈0.74 μg cm−2 (1.33 mmol cm−3), which is determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. In contrast, the coatings are found to be non‐cytotoxic towards a mammalian cell line (NIH/3T3) at bactericidal loadings of ZnO over an extended period of seven days. The differential toxicity of the ZnO/hydrogel nanocomposite thin films between bacterial and cellular species qualifies them as promising candidates for novel biomedical device coatings.
Ultrasmall Water‐Soluble and Biocompatible Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Positive and Negative Dual Contrast Agents
Authors: Li Zhen , Yi Pei Wei , Sun Qiao , Lei Hao , Li Zhao Hong , Zhu Zhong Hua , Smith Sean C. , Lan Min Bo , Lu Gao Qing (Max)
Published: March 2012

Monodispersed water‐soluble and biocompatible ultrasmall magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (UMIONs, D = 3.3 ± 0.5 nm) generated from a high‐temperature coprecipitation route are successfully used as efficient positive and negative dual contrast agents of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Their longitudinal relaxivity at 4.7 T (r1 = 8.3 mM−1 s−1) is larger than that of clinically used T1‐positive agent Gd‐DTPA (r1 = 4.8 mM−1 s−1), and three times that of commercial contrast agent SHU‐555C (r1 = 2.9 mM−1 s−1). The transversal relaxivity (r2 = 35.1 mM−1 s−1) is six times that of Gd‐DTPA (r2 = 5.3 mM−1 s−1), half of SHU‐555C (r2 = 69 mM−1 s−1). The in vivo results show that the liver signal from T1‐weighted MRI is positively enhanced 26%, and then negatively decreased 20% after injection of the iron oxide nanoparticles, which is stronger than those obtained from Gd‐DTPA (<10%) using the same dosage. The kidney signal is positively enhanced up to 35%, similar to that obtained from Gd‐DTPA. Under T2‐weighted conditions, the liver signal is negatively enhanced ≅70%, which is significantly higher than that from Gd‐DTPA (≅6%). These results demonstrate the great potential of the UMIONs in dual contrast agents, especially as an alternative to Gd‐based positive contrast agents, which have risks of inducing side effects in patients.
Laboratory and field methods for measuring human energy expenditure
Authors: Leonard William R.
Published: March 2012

Energetics research is central to the field of human biology. Energy is an important currency for measuring adaptation, because both its acquisition and allocation for biological processes have important implications for survival and reproduction. Recent technological and methodological advances are now allowing human biologists to study variation in energy dynamics with much greater accuracy in a wide variety of ecological contexts. This article provides an overview of the methods used for measuring human energy expenditure (EE) and considers some of the important ecological and evolutionary questions that can be explored from an energetics perspective. Basic principles of calorimetry are first presented, followed by an overview of the equipment used for measuring human EE and work capacity. Methods for measuring three important dimensions of human EE—resting metabolic rate, working/exercising EE, and total EE—are then presented, highlighting key areas of ongoing research. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transition analysis: A validation study with known‐age modern American skeletons
Authors: Milner George R. , Boldsen Jesper L.
Published: March 2012

Transition Analysis—a recent skeletal age‐estimation procedure (Boldsen et al.: Paleodemography: age distributions from skeletal samples (2002) 73–106)—is evaluated using 252 known‐age modern American males and females from the Bass Donated Collection and Mercyhurst forensic cases. The pubic symphysis worked best for estimating age, followed by the sacroiliac joint and cranial sutures. Estimates based on all skeletal characteristics are influenced by the choice of prior distribution, although its effect is dwarfed by both the inaccuracy and imprecision of age estimates. Age intervals are narrowest for young adults, but are surprisingly short in old age as well. When using an informative prior distribution, the greatest uncertainty occurs from the late 40s into the 70s. Transition Analysis estimates do not perform as well as experience‐based assessments, indicating the existing procedure is too narrowly focused on commonly used pelvic and cranial structures. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Placement of the diaphragmatic vertebra in catarrhines: Implications for the evolution of dorsostability in hominoids and bipedalism in hominins
Authors: Williams Scott A.
Published: March 2012

A fundamental adaptation to orthograde posture and locomotion amongst living hominoid primates is a numerically reduced lumbar column, which acts to stiffen the lower back and reduce injuries to the intervertebral discs. A related and functionally complementary strategy of spinal stability is a caudal position of the diaphragmatic vertebra relative to the primitive condition found in nonhominoid primates and most other mammals. The diaphragmatic vertebra marks the transition in vertebral articular facet (zygapophysis) orientation, which either resists (prediaphragmatic) or allows (postdiaphragmatic) trunk movement in the sagittal plane (i.e., flexion and extension). Unlike most mammals, which have dorsomobile spines (long lumbar columns and cranially placed diaphragmatic vertebrae) for running and leaping, hominoids possess dorsostable spines (short lumbar columns and caudally placed diaphragmatic vertebrae) adapted to orthogrady and antipronogrady. In contrast to humans and other extant hominoids, all known early hominin partial vertebral columns demonstrate cranial displacement of the diaphragmatic vertebra. To address this difference, variation in diaphragmatic placement is assessed in a large sample of catarrhine primates. I show that while hominoids are characterized by modal common placement of diaphragmatic and last rib‐bearing vertebrae in general, interspecific differences in intraspecific patterns of variation exist. In particular, humans and chimpanzees show nearly identical patterns of diaphragmatic placement. A scenario of hominin evolution is proposed in which early hominins evolved cranial displacement from the ancestral hominid condition of common placement to achieve effective lumbar lordosis during the evolution of bipedal locomotion. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preparation and characterization of electrospun polyurethane–polypyrrole nanofibers and films
Authors: Yanilmaz Meltem , Kalaoglu Fatma , Karakas Hale , Sarac A. Sezai
Published: March 2012

Polyurethane (PU)–polypyrrole (PPy) composite films and nanofibers were successfully prepared for the purpose of combining the properties of PU and PPy. Pyrrole (Py) monomer was polymerized and dispersed uniformly throughout the PU matrix by means of oxidative polymerization with cerium(IV) [ceric ammonium nitrate Ce(IV)] in dimethylformamide. Films and nanofibers were prepared with this solution. The effects of the PPy content on the thermal, mechanical, dielectric, and morphological properties of the composites were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)–attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy, dielectric spectrometry, and scanning electron microscopy. The Young's modulus and glass‐transition temperatures of the composites exhibited an increasing trend with increases in the initially added amount of Py. The electrical conductivities of the composite films and nanofibers increased. The crystallinity of the composites were followed with DSC, the mechanical properties were followed with DMA, and the spectroscopic results were followed with FTIR–ATR spectroscopy. In the composite films, a new absorption band located at about 1650 cm−1 appeared, and its intensity improved with the addition of Py. The studied composites show potential for promising applications in advanced electronic devices. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Synthesis and properties of starch‐grafted polystyrene‐maleic anhydride copolymer
Authors: Chen Guang‐Xin , Geng Haiping , Luo Lingling , Wu Bin , Fang Li Qi
Published: March 2012

The typical process used to synthesize expandable polystyrene was modified and applied to prepare water expandable polystyrene (WEPS)‐starch copolymer. The maleic anhydride was used to improve the compatibility between starch and styrene. Various reaction conditions, weight ratio of styrene/water (O/W ratio), and starch content, were applied to obtain WEPS copolymer beads. Molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, glass transition temperature (Tg), and phase behavior of copolymer were investigated. With the increase of O/W ratio, the water content and molecular weight increased, whereas the molecular weight distribution and Tg of copolymer decreased. Molecular weight distribution and the Tg of the copolymer both increased as a function of starch content. The water content in the beads reached the maximum value at 6 wt % of starch content at same O/W ratio. The domain size of starch increased with the increase of the starch content. The domain size distribution of starch was best at 6 wt % of starch. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Improved Regeneration of Autologous Transplanted Lymph Node Fragments by VEGF‐C Treatment
Authors: Sommer Tanja , Buettner Manuela , Bruns Frank , Breves Gerhard , Hadamitzky Catarina , Pabst Reinhard
Published: March 2012

Secondary lymphedema is a common complication after removal of lymph nodes in combination with radiation therapy in the treatment of breast cancer, cervical cancer, and melanomas. Only symptomatic therapies are available at the moment, and lymphedema is for most patients a lifelong condition involving psychological and physical disabilities. Animal models exist to study the pathophysiology of lymphedema but not to study surgical treatments. The aim of this study was to show that regeneration of autologous transplanted lymph node fragments is possible in rats that were irradiated previously locally in the groin and to examine the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐C injections on the rate of regeneration of transplanted lymph nodes. In all of the animals, inguinal and popliteal lymph nodes and adjacent lymphatic vessels were unilaterally removed and the inguinal region irradiated by a single dose of 15 Gy. Afterward, lymph node fragments were transplanted subcutaneously in the irradiated region. Half of the animals were treated by local VEGF‐C injections after transplantation. Four weeks after transplantation, drainage of the leg was tested by injection of blue dye, and the transplanted fragments were removed and examined immunohistologically. We could show that regeneration of autologous transplanted lymph node fragments is possible in areas treated with radiotherapy in the rat. We also documented that transplants can achieve a connection to the lymphatic collectors of the leg. The results suggest that the outcome of regeneration can be improved by injection of VEGF‐C in the transplantation area. Thus, lymph node fragment regeneration may be relevant for lymphedema prevention and therapy. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Temperature‐Dependent Formation and Transformation of Mesostructures in Water–Ionic Liquid Mixtures
Authors: Kattnig Daniel R. , Hinderberger Dariush
Published: March 2012

The temperature‐dependent formation and transformation of mesostructures in binary mixtures of the ionic liquid (IL) 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim+][BF4−]) and water are characterized. Through addition of nitroxide radicals as paramagnetic spin probes, the temperature dependence of the solution structure can be assessed by using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy from typical solutes’ points of view. Additionally, the phase behavior on cooling and reheating is probed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Thermal hysteresis and memory effects are observed, and DSC is used to identify the crystallization and thawing of ice as the pertinent phase transition. The EPR data of the nitroxide radicals before and after freezing and thawing reveal a transformation of the mesostructures, probably triggered by the crystallization of water pools to ice. A more polar state results after thawing, thereby suggesting a rupture and dissolution of the ordered IL‐rich mesostructures. If the thawed solutions are not agitated, the system relaxes very slowly, that is, at room temperature with a time constant of approximately 90 h, to its equilibrium state of mesophase‐separated IL‐rich and bulk‐like water regions.
Improvements to a prognostic cloud scheme through changes to its cloud erosion parametrization
Authors: Morcrette Cyril J.
Published: March 2012

A cloud erosion parametrization is developed for use in a prognostic cloud scheme in a general circulation model. Using geometrical considerations, the rate of evaporation of cloud due to unresolved mixing of clear and cloudy air is related to the cloud fraction, in a way that maximizes evaporation when the sky is half covered in cloud and reduces it to zero when the sky is overcast or clear. When used to simulate present‐day climate with the Met Office Unified Model, this parametrization leads to several improvements in the cloud and radiation fields. © 2012 British Crown copyright, the Met Office. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Impact of probability of working day on planning and operation of biomass feedstock production systems
Authors: Shastri Yogendra N. , Hansen Alan C. , Rodríguez Luis F. , Ting K.C.
Published: March 2012

Unfavorable weather can significantly impact the production and provision of agriculture‐based biomass feedstocks such as Miscanthus and switchgrass. This work quantified the impact of regional weather on the feedstock production systems using the BioFeed modeling framework. Weather effects were incorporated in BioFeed by including the probability of working day (pwd) parameter in the model, which defined the fraction of days in a specific period such as two weeks that were suitable for field operations. Model simulations were conducted for Miscanthus and switchgrass for values of pwd between 20 and 100% and intended biorefinery capacities between 1000 and 5000 Mg d−1; and the impact on total cost and farm machinery requirements was quantified. Results indicated that using production and provision systems designed assuming 100% pwd for lower pwd values increased the cost exponentially by up to 64% for Miscanthus and 85% for switchgrass. It also decreased the supportable biorefinery capacity for the collection region by up to 60%. If the systems were instead optimized for specific values of pwd, the original biorefinery capacity was maintained and the total cost increase was less than 5%. The resulting optimal systems required up to 40% higher investment in farm machinery. For Illinois, production systems designed for regional pwd values required a 34% increase in farm machinery investment for Miscanthus while only a 12% increase for switchgrass. Initiating Miscanthus harvesting in November instead of January reduced the farm machinery investment increase to 17%, which suggests that such an alternative should be rigorously evaluated. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Somatic cell reprogramming for regenerative medicine: SCNT vs. iPS cells
Authors: Pan Guangjin , Wang Tao , Yao Hongjie , Pei Duanqing
Published: March 2012

Reprogramming of somatic cells to a pluripotent state holds huge potentials for regenerative medicine. However, a debate over which method is better, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) or induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, still persists. Both approaches have the potential to generate patient‐specific pluripotent stem cells for replacement therapy. Yet, although SCNT has been successfully applied in various vertebrates, no human pluripotent stem cells have been generated by SCNT due to technical, legal and ethical difficulties. On the other hand, human iPS cell lines have been reported from both healthy and diseased individuals. A recent study reported the generation of triploid human pluripotent stem cells by transferring somatic nuclei into oocytes, a variant form of SCNT. In this essay, we discuss this progress and the potentials of these two reprogramming approaches for regenerative medicine.
Selenium and cognitive impairment: A brief‐review based on results from the EVA study
Authors: Berr Claudine , Arnaud Josiane , Akbaraly Tasnime N.
Published: March 2012

Preventing cognitive impairment and dementia in the elderly is a major public health challenge for our century and all hypotheses should be explored. Selenium (Se) is one of the factors that may affect the risk of cognitive decline. Its importance in the health and aging process has been documented. Because of the potential of selenoproteins to protect against oxidative stress, Se raises significant expectations for the prevention of chronic diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes conditions commonly associated with oxidative stress. Thus, the relationships between Se and cognitive impairment or dementia can be examined through vascular risk factors for dementia, with particular interest in diabetes and dyslipidemia. In addition, in cases of Se deficiency, the brain is the organ that remains Se replete the longest suggesting that Se plays an important role in brain functions. This article presents results obtained in the frame of a longitudinal study on Se and cognitive impairment. They are consistent with the hypothesis that low Se status is a risk factor for cognitive decline even after taking into account vascular risk factors. The concomitant evolution between plasma Se decrease over a 9‐year period and cognitive decline suggested that optimal Se status is potentially important to maintain neuropsychological functions in aging people. However, as our understanding of Se biology is incomplete, epidemiological studies are needed to define the groups of population that could benefit from Se supplementation.
Anatomic variables contributing to a higher periprocedural incidence of stroke and TIA in carotid artery stenting
Authors: Werner Martin , Bausback Yvonne , Bräunlich Sven , Ulrich Matthias , Piorkowski Michael , Friedenberger Josef , Schuster Johannes , Botsios Spiridon , Scheinert Dierk , Schmidt Andrej
Published: March 2012

Objectives

This study was conducted to identify patient‐related variables that are associated with a higher rate of neurological adverse events during carotid artery stenting (CAS).

Background

CAS is considered as an alternative treatment for patients with carotid artery stenosis. Despite technical advancements and increase of operator experience, periprocedural neurologic complications cannot completely be prevented. Case selection based on anatomical criteria and other patient characteristics could improve the outcome after CAS.

Methods

Between 2006 and 2009, 833 CAS procedures were performed in 751 consecutive patients under cerebral protection. The influence of patient characteristics, procedural details, and the anatomy of the supraaortic vessels on the incidence of major in‐hospital adverse events was assessed.

Results

Successful CAS was performed in 99.2% of the procedures. The in‐hospital death and stroke rate was 2.0% (1 major stroke, 10 minor strokes, and 7 deaths). Octogenarians had a fourfold higher death and stroke rate than patients younger than 80 years old. There was an increased risk of stroke and death in patients with critical aortic stenosis. Presence of a bovine arch, tortous common carotid artery (CCA) and angulated distal internal carotid artery were associated with a higher risk of stroke and transient ischemic attack. A recently developed scoring system for anatomic suitability correlates well with the periprocedural neurological outcome in this case series.

Conclusions

Anatomical conditions and octogenarian age were associated with an increased rate of neurologic adverse events during CAS. Our findings support a newly proposed scoring system for anatomic suitability to identify patients at high risk for CAS. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals Inc.
Visualization of coronary plaque in arterial remodeling using a new 40‐MHz intravascular ultrasound imaging system
Authors: Araki Tadashi , Nakamura Masato , Utsunomiya Makoto , Sugi Kaoru
Published: March 2012

Objectives

The aim of this study was to characterize coronary plaque in target lesions with vessel remodeling using iMap‐intravascular ultrasound (IVUS).

Background

The relationship between the plaque component and vessel remodeling remains to be elucidated. iMAP‐IVUS is an imaging system that can be used to assess the plaque composition by radiofrequency signals from 40 MHz IVUS.

Methods

IVUS examinations were performed for the de novo target vessels of 146 stable angina pectoris patients (174 vessels). The patients were divided into two groups: including a nonpositive remodeling group (non‐PR, remodeling index ≤ 1.0, 125 vessels) and a positive remodeling group (PR, remodeling index > 1.0, 49 vessels).

Results

The percent plaque burden in the PR group were lager than those in the non‐PR group (79.05% vs. 74.36%, P < 0.01). Attenuation plaques were more frequently observed in PR group (40.8% vs. 12.1%, P < 0.0001). The percentages of lipidic and necrotic relative areas at the minimum lumen sites were greater in the PR group than in the non‐PR group (7.22% vs. 6.03%, P <0.05 and 22.08% vs. 14.71%, P < 0.001, respectively), and the percentage of the fibrotic area was smaller (54.82% vs. 61.42%, P < 0.05). In addition, a positive linear correlation was observed between the remodeling index and either the lipidic or necrotic area (r = 0.37, P <0.0001 and r = 0.35, P < 0.0001, respectively).

Conclusions

The coronary plaque characteristics in PR patients showed increased lipidic and necrotic areas and the degree of coronary remodeling correlated with the lipidic and necrotic plaque area. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Structures of Ordered Tungsten‐ or Molybdenum‐Containing Quaternary Perovskite Oxides.
Authors: Day Bradley E. , Bley Nicholas D. , Jones Heather R. , McCullough Ryan M. , Eng Hank W. , Porter Spencer H. , Woodward Patrick M. , Barnes Paris W.
Published: March 2012

The room temperature crystal structures of Ba2MgWO6, Ba2CaMoO6, Ba2CaWO6, Ca2CaWO6, Sr2ZnMoO6, and Sr2ZnWO6 ordered double perovskites are determined by X‐ray and neutron powder diffraction.
ChemInform Abstract: Ternary Lanthanum Sulfide Selenides α‐LaS2‐xSex (0 < x < 2) with Mixed Dichalcogenide Anions X22‐ (X: S, Se).
Authors: Bartsch Christian , Doert Thomas
Published: March 2012

The title compounds are prepared by metathesis reactions of adequate amounts of LaCl3, Na2S2, and K2Se3 (850 °C, 7 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Pt—Sn/γ‐Al2O3‐Catalyzed Highly Efficient Direct Synthesis of Secondary and Tertiary Amines and Imines.
Authors: He Wei , Wang Liandi , Sun Chenglin , Wu Kaikai , He Songbo , Chen Jiping , Wu Ping , Yu Zhengkun
Published: March 2012

An efficient Pt—Sn/γ‐Al2O3‐catalyzed synthesis of secondary and tertiary amines by direct N‐alkylation of primary and secondary amines, respectively, with alcohols or by deaminative self‐coupling of amines is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Gaining Absolute Control of the Regiochemistry in the Cobalt‐Catalyzed 1,4‐Hydrovinylation Reaction.
Authors: Arndt Marion , Dindaroglu Mehmet , Schmalz Hans‐Guenther , Hilt Gerhard
Published: March 2012

The regiochemistry of a Co‐catalyzed 1,4‐hydrovinylation reaction can be controlled by alternation of the ligands applied.
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Pot Synthesis of α‐Formyl‐α‐allylacetates via Nucleophilic Catalysis.
Authors: Chung William , Lindovska Petra , Camp Jason E.
Published: March 2012

Thermal rearrangement of intermediately formed allyl vinyl ethers generates α‐formyl‐α‐allylacetates which are isolated after reduction as alcohols or related O‐protected enols.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Efficient Precatalyst for Amination of Aryl Chlorides: Synthesis, Structure and Application of a Robust Acenaphthoimidazolylidene Palladium Complex.
Authors: Tu Tao , Fang Weiwei , Jiang Jian
Published: March 2012

The title catalyst tolerates a wide range of substrates at low catalyst loading.
ChemInform Abstract: A Fast and Selective Decarboxylative Difunctionalization and Cyclization for Easy Access to gem‐Dihalo Alcohol, Ether, Ester and Bromo‐1,4‐dioxane.
Authors: Khamarui Saikat , Sarkar Deblina , Pandit Palash , Maiti Dilip K.
Published: March 2012

An efficient decarboxylative vicinal heterofunctionalization of α,β‐unsaturated acids (I) is used to afford a series of functionalized halogenated synthons.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Reduction of Ketones by Phosphoric Acid Derived Catalysts.
Authors: Zhang Zuhui , Jain Pankaj , Antilla Jon C.
Published: March 2012

Catalytic systems involving a BINOL‐derived phosphoric acid are developed for the enantioselective reduction of aryl alkyl ketones with catecholborane.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanocrystalline Titania‐Supported Palladium(0) Nanoparticles for Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling of Aryl and Heteroaryl Halides.
Authors: Sreedhar B. , Yada Divya , Reddy P. Surendra
Published: March 2012

Sterically hindered biarlys, terphenyls and tetraphenyls are available in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Friedel—Crafts Benzylation of Activated and Deactivated Arenes.
Authors: Schaefer Gabriel , Bode Jeffrey W.
Published: March 2012

The hydroxamate leaving group is described as a novel efficient option to achieve simple transformations.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Henry/oxa‐Michael Route to the 1,3‐Disubstituted‐1,3‐dihydrobenzo[c]furan System.
Authors: Luzzio Frederick A. , Okoromoba Otome E.
Published: March 2012

The synthesis of diastereomeric title compounds is achieved by base‐catalyzed addition of nitroalkanes to formyl substrates followed by intramolecular alcoholate addition to the double bond.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Opening Reaction of Furan with High Regio‐ and Diastereoselectivity via Controlled Addition of Isatin‐Derived Diazoamides.
Authors: Muthusamy Sengodagounder , Azhagan Datshanamoorthy
Published: March 2012

Slow addition of 3‐diazooxindoles (II) to different furan substrates is best promoted by Rh(II)‐acetate dimer.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Strategies for the Construction of Optically Active Imidazoles, Oxazoles, and Thiazoles.
Authors: Albrecht Lukasz , Ransborg Krogager , Albrecht Anna , Lykke Lennart , Joergensen Karl Anker
Published: March 2012

An organocatalytic cascade reaction that consists of either an organocatalytic epoxidation or aziridination of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes coupled with a [3+2]‐annulation, in which amidines, ureas, or thioureas act as 1,3‐dinucleophilic species.
ChemInform Abstract: AgSbF6‐Promoted Cycloaddition Reaction of 2‐Trifluoromethyl‐N‐tosylaziridine with Aldehydes.
Authors: Maeda Ryoko , Ishibashi Rie , Kamaishi Ryo , Hirotaki Kensuke , Furuno Hiroshi , Hanamoto Takeshi
Published: March 2012

The title reaction affords cis‐4‐trifluoromethyl‐2‐substituted‐1,3‐oxazolidines (III) with high regio‐ and stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Organocatalytic Method for Tandem Synthesis of Functionalized 2‐Pyridones.
Authors: Yavari Issa , Bayat Mohammad J.
Published: March 2012

A simple and direct synthesis of highly substituted 2‐pyridones is achieved by N‐methylimidazole catalyzed reaction of acetylenic esters and primary dialkylamines.
ChemInform Abstract: L‐Proline‐Catalyzed Sequential Four‐Component “On Water” Protocol for the Synthesis of Structurally Complex Heterocyclic ortho‐Quinones.
Authors: Rajesh Stephen Michael , Bala Balasubramanian Devi , Perumal Subbu , Menendez J. Carlos
Published: March 2012

Title compounds (V) can be purified by recrystallization or simply by filtration through a pad of silica.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Intramolecular Cyclobutane Formation via Photochemical Reaction of N,N‐Diallyl‐2‐quinolone‐3‐carboxamide Using a Chiral Crystalline Environment.
Authors: Yagishita Fumitoshi , Sakamoto Masami , Mino Takashi , Fujita Tsutomu
Published: March 2012

Chiral crystals of quinolonecarboxamide (I) are obtained by a spontaneous crystallization and used for the preparation of cyclobutane (II) by an intramolecular photocycloaddition in the solid state.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluoride Catalyzed P—Aryl‐Coupling — A Mild Approach to Functionalized Arylphosphines.
Authors: Reis Andreas , Dehe Daniel , Farsadpour Saeid , Munstein Isabel , Sun Yu , Thiel Werner R.
Published: March 2012

A variety of di‐ and triarylphosphines is successfully synthesized by CsF‐catalyzed coupling of the corresponding trimethylsilylphosphines with aryl fluorides under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: NW‐G03, a Related Cyclic Hexapeptide Compound of NW‐G01, Produced by Streptomyces alboflavus 313
Authors: Guo Zhengyan , Shen Ling , Zhang Jiwen , Xin Hongmei , Liu Wei , Ji Zhiqin , Wu Wenjun
Published: March 2012

isolation, structure elucidation, physico‐chemical properties and in vitro biological activity
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetic Products under Thermal Conditions: Rapid Entry into α/β‐D‐Galactofuranosides Using Microwave Irradiation and Selective Lewis Acids.
Authors: Santra Soumava , Jonas Emily , Bourgault Jean‐Paul , El‐Baba Tarick , Andreana Peter R.
Published: March 2012

Modifying the Fischer‐Lubineau reaction for alkyl D‐galactofuranoside synthesis by using microwave irradiation and selected Lewis acids as independent additives leads to an increase in reaction rate and product/anomeric ratios.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Highly Functionalized Pyridylmethyl‐C‐β‐D‐glycosides.
Authors: Pandey Vivek Parashar , Jaiswal Natasha , Srivastava A. K. , Shukla Sanjeev K. , Tripathi Rama Pati
Published: March 2012

The reaction leading to title compounds (III) and (V) involve a C—C Michael addition of enamine, formed from glycosyl ketone (I) or cellobiosyl ketone (IV) and ammonium acetate, to dicyanobenzylidene derivatives (II), subsequent dehydrative cyclization and oxidative aromatization.
ChemInform Abstract: H2SO4—SiO2: Highly Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for per‐O‐Acetylation of Carbohydrates under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Zhang Jianbo , Zhang Bo , Zhou Jiafen , Li Juan , Shi Chunjuan , Huang Ting , Wang Zhongfu , Tang Jie
Published: March 2012

Sulfuric acid, immobilized on silica gel, is an efficient promoter for per‐O‐acetylation of carbohydrates with acetic anhydride.
ChemInform Abstract: Phthalide Derivatives with Antifungal Activities Against the Plant Pathogens Isolated from the Liquid Culture of Pestalotiopsis photiniae.
Authors: Yang Xiao‐Long , Zhang Su , Hu Qiong‐Bo , Luo Du‐Qiang , Zhang Yan
Published: March 2012

Three new phthalide derivatives (I) and (II) are isolated together with six known structurally related compounds from the liquid culture of the plant endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis photiniae obtained from the Chinese Podocarpaceae plant Podocarpus macrophyllus.
ChemInform Abstract: Electronic Structure and Lattice Site Location of Mn in III‐Mn‐V Ferromagnetic Semiconductors
Authors: Alberi K. , Yu K. M. , Walukiewicz W.
Published: March 2012

Review: 73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Structure and Reactivity of Iron Nitride Complexes
Authors: Smith Jeremy M. , Subedi Deepak
Published: March 2012

Review: 67 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organometallic Hydrogen Transfer and Dehydrogenation Catalysts for the Conversion of Biorenewable Alcohols
Authors: Marr Andrew C.
Published: March 2012

Review: 84 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of 2‐Aminothiophene‐3‐carboxamide and Related Compounds
Authors: Gouda Moustafa A. , Berghot Moged A. , Abd El‐Ghani Ghada E. , Elattar Khaled M. , Khalil Abd El Galil M.
Published: March 2012

Review: 131 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biodegradable Polymers Composed of Naturally Occurring α‐Amino Acids
Authors: Katsarava Ramaz , Gomurashvili Zaza
Published: March 2012

Review: 84 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclodextrin‐Based Switches
Authors: Tian He , Wang Qiao‐Chun
Published: March 2012

Review: 63 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Pseudopotential Approximation in Electronic Structure Theory
Authors: Schwerdtfeger Peter
Published: March 2012

Review: 204 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Binary Lanthanum Stannides Close to the 1:1 Ratio — Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Chemical Bonding.
Authors: Duerr Ines , Roehr Caroline
Published: March 2012

Four binary lanthanum stannides, α‐LaSn (I), La3Sn4 (II), La11Sn10 (III), and β‐LaSn (IV) are characterized by single crystal XRD and FP‐LAPW electronic band structure calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Thermoelectric Properties of Ternary Superionic Conductor CuCrS2.
Authors: Chen Yue‐Xing , Zhang Bo‐Ping , Ge Zhen‐Hua , Shang Peng‐Peng
Published: March 2012

Single phase CuCrS2 powder is synthesized by ball milling of the elements (425 rpm, 40 h) followed by spark plasma sintering at 673—1073 K.
ChemInform Abstract: The New High‐Pressure Sodium Tetraborate HP‐Na2B4O7.
Authors: Neumair Stephanie C. , Sohr Gerhard , Vanicek Stefan , Wurst Klaus , Kaindl Reinhard , Huppertz Hubert
Published: March 2012

The new title polymorph is synthesized from a stoichiometric mixture of Na2CO3 and H3BO3 under high temperature/high pressure conditions (BN crucible in a multianvil apparatus with a Walker‐type module , 1000 °C, 6 GPa).
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Mild Procedure for the Decarboxylative Cyanomethyl Esterification of Arylmalonic Acids Using ClCH2CN/1,8‐Diazabicyclo[5.4.0.]undec‐7‐ene.
Authors: Sasakura Niiha , Yamauchi Tomoyuki , Nakano Keiji , Ichikawa Yoshiyasu , Kotsuki Hiyoshizo
Published: March 2012

The decarboxylative cyanomethyl esterification proceeds efficiently in the case of aromatic and heteroaromatic malonic acids, e.g. (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular [2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions of Alkynyl Ether Derived Ketenes. A Convenient Synthesis of Donor—Acceptor Cyclobutanes.
Authors: Tran Vincent , Minehan Thomas G.
Published: March 2012

The reaction allows the preparation of various cis‐fused bi‐ and tricyclic butanones.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular [4 + 3] Cycloadditions of Allenedienes.
Authors: Alonso Isaac , Faustino Helio , Lopez Fernando , Mascarenas Jose L.
Published: March 2012

Allene‐tethered dienes undergo entitled cycloaddition by treatment with a suitable chiral Au—phosphoramidite catalyst to provide synthetically valuable fused bicyclic systems with high diastereoselectivity and excellent enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Room‐Temperature and Metal‐Free Synthesis of 1,1‐Dithio‐1‐alkenes from 1,1‐Dibromo‐1‐alkenes and Thiols.
Authors: Jin Hui , Yang Yiwen , Kuang Chunxiang , Yang Qing
Published: March 2012

Treatment of dibromoalkenes with DBU gives intermediate alkynyl bromides which react with 2 equiv.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh‐Catalyzed C—H Activation and Oxidative Olefination Without Chelate Assistance: Reactivity of Bromoarenes.
Authors: Patureau Frederic W. , Nimphius Corinna , Glorius Frank
Published: March 2012

The reaction can only be applied to bromoarenes as chloro‐ and fluoroarenes fail and iodobenzene reacts with formation of at least 3 regioisomers with poor selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: An ortho‐Quinodimethane Route to Lasofoxifene and U23469.
Authors: Yoshida Hiroto , Yoshida Ryuma , Mukae Masashi , Ohshita Joji , Takaki Ken
Published: March 2012

The regio‐ and stereoselective [4 + 2] cycloaddition to the compound (III) is the key step in the syntheses of lasofoxifene (X) and U23469 (XII).
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Michael Reaction of tert‐Butylsulfinyl Ketimines: Asymmetric Synthesis of 3‐Substituted Indanones.
Authors: Fustero Santos , Rodriguez Elsa , Herrera Lidia , Asensio Amparo , Maestro Miguel A. , Barrio Pablo
Published: March 2012

The reaction proceeds in the presence of the Ruppert—Prakash reagent (Tms‐CF3) with either TBAT or TBAF as a base.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Catalytic Vinylogous Mukaiyama—Mannich Reactions of Pyrrole‐Based Silyl Dienolates with Alkyl‐Substituted Aldehydes.
Authors: Ranieri Beatrice , Curti Claudio , Battistini Lucia , Sartori Andrea , Pinna Luigi , Casiraghi Giovanni , Zanardi Franca
Published: March 2012

Treatment of the pyrrole (I) with aliphatic aldehydes and the aniline (III) in the presence of AgOAc and the chiral ligand allows a highly efficient and stereoselective access to diamines of type (IV), (VII), and (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Route to Tetrahydroindeno[2,1‐b]pyrroles via a Base‐Promoted Reaction of (E)‐2‐Alkynylphenylchalcone with 2‐Isocyanoacetate.
Authors: Zheng Danqing , Li Shaoyu , Luo Yong , Wu Jie
Published: March 2012

The reaction is best promoted by DBU and provides an efficient route to the title skeleton.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some New 2‐Pyrazolines Bearing Benzene Sulfonamide Moiety as Potential Antiinflammatory and Anticancer Agents.
Authors: Bano Sameena , Javed Kalim , Ahmad Shamim , Rathish I. G. , Singh Surender , Alam M. S.
Published: March 2012

Compounds (IIIb) and (IIIc) show superior anti‐inflammatory activity compared to celecoxib.
ChemInform Abstract: Versatile Synthesis of 5‐Aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxylic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Dias Alice M. , Vila‐Cha A. Sofia , Costa A. Luisa , Cunha Daniela P. , Senhoraes Nadia , Proenca M. Fernanda
Published: March 2012

Acid‐promoted reactions of 5‐amino‐4‐cyanoformimidoyl imidazoles with different O‐ and N‐nucleophiles are studied to give carboxamides, carboximidates as well as imidoyl cyanides and acyl cyanides in a selective manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Uninterrupted Four‐Step Sequence to Access Trisubstituted Isoxazoles.
Authors: Gayon Eric , Quinonero Ophelie , Lemouzy Sebastien , Vrancken Emmanuel , Campagne Jean‐Marc
Published: March 2012

The one‐pot procedure includes substitution—annulation—cross‐coupling hydrogenolysis—oxidation.
ChemInform Abstract: Cytotoxicity of New 5‐Phenyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole Analogues.
Authors: Alam Mohammad Sayed , Liu Lijun , Lee Dong Ung
Published: March 2012

The title compounds (V) are obtained by condensation of thiosemicarbazide (I) with substituted benzaldehydes (II), followed by cyclization with acetic anhydride (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Green Synthesis of the 1‐Substituted 1H‐1,2,3,4‐Tetrazoles by Application of the Natrolite Zeolite as a New and Reusable Heterogeneous Catalyst.
Authors: Habibi Davood , Nasrollahzadeh Mahmoud , Kamali Taghi A.
Published: March 2012

The title compounds (III) are prepared under solvent‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Enzymatic Synthesis of Highly Substituted 3,4‐Dihydropyridin‐2‐ones via Domino Knoevenagel Condensation—Michael Addition—Intramolecular Cyclization
Authors: Liu Zhi‐Qiang , Liu Bo‐Kai , Wu Qi , Lin Xian‐Fu
Published: March 2012

(yields determined by HPLC).
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Catalytic Method for the Friedlaender Annulation Mediated by Peptide Coupling Agent Propylphosphonic Anhydride (T3P®).
Authors: Augustine John Kallikat , Bombrun Agnes , Venkatachaliah Srinivasa
Published: March 2012

T3P is utilized as efficient water‐scavenging agent to access carbocyclic and heterocyclic fused quinolines.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalyzed Oxidative Strecker Reaction.
Authors: Rueping Magnus , Zhu Shaoqun , Koenigs Rene M.
Published: March 2012

The efficient aerobic, photocatalytic oxidative cyanation of tertiary amines (I) and (IV) employing KCN (II) as cyanide source is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper Nanoparticle‐Doped Silica Cuprous Sulfate as a Highly Efficient and Reusable Heterogeneous Catalysis for N‐Arylation of Nucleobases and N‐Heterocyclic Compounds.
Authors: Rad Mohammad Navid Soltani , Behrouz Somayeh , Doroodmand Mohammad Mahdi , Moghtaderi Noushin
Published: March 2012

Ion exchange with Cu+ on silica sulfuric acid generates the heterogeneous catalyst for Ullmann‐type N‐arylation of a variety of N‐heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Kinetic Testing of New Inhibitors for a Metallo‐β‐lactamase from Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Authors: Mohamed Mosaad S. , Hussein Waleed M. , McGeary Ross P. , Vella Peter , Schenk Gerhard , Abd El‐hameed Rania H.
Published: March 2012

A straightforward and efficient synthesis of several novel pyrrole and pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives and their inhibitory effects on the catalytic activity of the IMP‐1 MBL from Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(II) Chloride Mediated Synthesis and DNA Photocleavage Activity of 1‐Aryl/Heteroaryl‐4‐substituted‐1,2,4‐triazolo[4,3‐a]quinoxalines.
Authors: Aggarwal Ranjana , Sumran Garima , Kumar Virender , Mittal Ashwani
Published: March 2012

Title compounds (IV) are synthesized in a facile and efficient manner via cupric chloride mediated oxidative intramolecular cyclization of hydrazones (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Hydrogenation of 2‐ and 2,3‐Substituted Quinoxalines with Chiral Cationic Ruthenium Diamine Catalysts.
Authors: Qin Jie , Chen Fei , Ding Ziyuan , He Yan‐Mei , Xu Lijin , Fan Wing‐Hua
Published: March 2012

A bulky counterion such as BARF in the catalysts is crucial.
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpected Ring Expansion of 1,2‐Benzisoxazol‐3‐ones.
Authors: Raw Steven A. , O'Kearney‐McMullan Anne M. , Graham Mark A.
Published: March 2012

On treatment with formamides and POCl3, the title compounds produce benzoxazinone structures.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Constituents of the Rhizomes of Hedychium coronarium and Their Inhibitory Effect on the Pro‐Inflammatory Cytokines Production LPS‐Stimulated in Bone Marrow‐Derived Dendritic Cells.
Authors: Kim Young Ho , et al. et al.
Published: March 2012

Three new labdane‐type diterpenes, coronarins G‐I (I)—(III), are isolated from the rhizomes of Hedychium coronarium together with seven known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Antitumoral Activities of Dioncoquinones B and C and Related Naphthoquinones Gained from Total Synthesis or Isolation from Plants.
Authors: Bringmann Gerhard , Zhang Guoliang , Hager Anastasia , Moos Michael , Irmer Andreas , Bargou Ralf , Chatterjee Manik
Published: March 2012

The best route to dioncoquinone B (VI) is a Grignard approach starting from amide (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Arylethynylanthraquinone and Bis(arylethynyl)anthraquinone: Strong Donor—Acceptor Interaction and Proton‐Induced Cyclization to Form Pyrylium and Dipyrylium Salts
Authors: Sakamoto Ryota , Rao Koya Prabhakara , Nishihara Hiroshi
Published: March 2012

Review: 26 refs.