bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Musculoskeletal physical outcome measures in individuals with tension-type headache: A scoping review
Authors: Abboud Jacques , Marchand Andrée-Anne , Sorra Karin , Descarreaux Martin
Published: June 2013

Introduction

Individuals with tension-type headache (TTH), in addition to headache pain, typically suffer from pericranial muscle tenderness and increased cervical muscle tone. Physical and physiological outcomes related to musculoskeletal function, however, are not commonly assessed in clinical studies and not systematically proposed as outcome measures in headache-related practice guidelines.

Objectives

To review which musculoskeletal outcomes are used in the clinical assessment of patients with TTH and which are associated with headache pain and related dysfunction. Methods: Literature searches were performed in MEDLINE, PubMed, the Cochrane databases and EMBASE using terms relating to musculoskeletal physical outcomes in TTH.

Results

Twenty-six studies met selection criteria. Physiological outcomes typically reported in laboratory studies were trigger points, pressure pain threshold, range of motion and tenderness. A greater number of trigger points and lower pressure pain threshold were reported in patients with episodic TTH in comparison with healthy subjects. Individuals with chronic TTH, when compared with non-headache controls, consistently showed a greater number of trigger points, a lower value of pressure pain threshold and a more severe forward head posture.

Conclusion

Musculoskeletal outcomes, such as trigger points, pressure pain threshold and forward head posture should inform TTH pathophysiology, diagnosis and interdisciplinary patient care.
Mechanical and structural properties of a novel melt processed PET–hemp composite: Influence of additives and fibers concentration
Authors: Talla AS Fotso , Mfoumou E , Jeson S , Pagé JSYD , Erchiqui F
Published: June 2013

The mechanical and structural properties of novel melt processed poly-ethylene terephthalate (PET)-hemp fiber composites for engineering applications were investigated. First, four reinforcement formulations were compared with the PET modified with poly-epsilon-caprolactone: hemp, Clay/hemp, pyromellitic dianhydride/hemp and glycidyl methacrylate/hemp. Next, the effect of hemp fibers concentration as well as the effect of heat treatment was analyzed. A significant difference was observed in the mechanical and structural properties of the composites. Moreover, we observed a good fiber–matrix interface without the use of a coupling agent, particularly in the absence of additives. Our data suggest that a careful trade-off between the additives, the hemp fiber concentration and the desired engineering applications is key requirement for the applications of high melting polymers-reinforced with natural fibers.
Gender-Segregated Schooling
Authors: Fabes Richard A. , Martin Carol Lynn , Hanish Laura D. , Galligan Kathrine , Pahlke Erin
Published: June 2013

Gender-segregated (GS) schooling has become popular in the United States despite the fact that every major review has concluded that GS schooling is not superior to coeducational schooling. Moreover, concern has been raised that GS schooling leads to negative effects, including increased gender stereotyping. We argue that these negative effects result from peer influences in gender-segregated peer contexts—including GS schooling. We also contend that educational policy makers need to understand these peer effects so that better decisions can be made about how children are grouped in classrooms and to create coeducational programs that promote tolerance and acceptance between girls and boys.
Changes in dynamic medial tibiofemoral contact mechanics and kinematics after injury of the anterior cruciate ligament: A cadaveric model
Authors: Bedi Asheesh , Chen Tony , Santner Thomas J , El-Amin Saadiq , Kelly Natalie H , Warren Russell F , Maher Suzanne A
Published: June 2013

The effects of tears of the anterior cruciate ligament on knee kinematics and contact mechanics during dynamic everyday activities, such as gait, remains unclear. The objective of this study was to characterize anterior cruciate ligament–deficient knee contact mechanics and kinematics during simulated gait. Nine human cadaveric knees were each augmented with a sensor capable of measuring dynamic normal contact stresses on the tibial plateau, mounted on a load-controlled simulator, and subjected to physiological, multidirectional, dynamic loads to mimic gait. Using a mixed model with random knee identifiers, confidence intervals were constructed for contact stress before and after anterior cruciate ligament transection at two points in the gait cycle at which axial force peaked (14% and 45% of the gait cycle). Kinematic and contact mechanics changes after anterior cruciate ligament transection were highly variable across knees. Nonetheless, a statistically significant increase in contact stress in the posterior–central aspect of the medial tibial plateau at 45% of the gait cycle was identified, the location of which corresponds to the location of degenerative changes that are frequently found in patients with chronic anterior cruciate ligament injury. The variability in the contact stress in other regions of the medial plateau at 45% of the gait cycle was partly explained by the variations in osseous geometry across the nine knees tested. At 14% of gait, there was no significant change in peak contact stress after anterior cruciate ligament transection in any of the four quadrants, and none of the possible explanatory variables showed statistical significance. Understanding the variable effect of anterior cruciate ligament injury on contact mechanics based on geometric differences in osseous anatomy is of paramount clinical importance and may be invaluable to select the best reconstruction techniques and counsel patients on their individual risk of subsequent chondral degeneration.
Fracture risk and initial fixation of a cementless glenoid implant: The effect of numbers and types of screws
Authors: Suarez Daniel R , Valstar Edward R , Rozing Piet M , van Keulen Fred
Published: June 2013

The initial fixation of an anatomical cementless glenoid component, provided by different numbers and types of screws, and the risk of bone fracture were evaluated by estimating the bone–implant interface micromotions and the principal strains around the prosthesis. Four different fixation configurations using locking or compression screws were tested. Estimation of the micromotions at the bone–implant interface was performed both experimentally, using an in vitro model, and computationally, using a numerical model. Principal bone strains were estimated using the numerical model. Subject variability was included by modelling two different bone qualities (healthy and rheumatoid bone). For the fixation configurations that used two screws, experimental and modelling results found that the micromotions at the bone–implant interface did not change with screw type. However, screw type had a significant effect on fixation when only one screw was used; in this case, a locking screw resulted in less micromotion at the bone–implant interface compared with the compression screw. Bone strains were predicted by the numerical model, and strains were found to be independent of the screw type; however, the predicted strain levels calculated in rheumatoid bone were larger than the strain levels that may cause bone damage for most considered arm positions. Predicted bone strain in healthy bone did not reach this level. While proper initial component fixation that allows biological fixation can be achieved by using additional screws, the risk of bone failure around the screws must be considered, especially in cases of weak bone.
Does the “Why” Tell Us the “When”?
Authors: Bechlivanidis Christos , Lagnado David A.
Published: June 2013

Traditional approaches to human causal reasoning assume that the perception of temporal order informs judgments of causal structure. In this article, we present two experiments in which people followed the opposite inferential route: Perceptual judgments of temporal order were instead influenced by causal beliefs. By letting participants freely interact with a software-based “physics world,” we induced stable causal beliefs that subsequently determined participants’ reported temporal order of events, even when this led to a reversal of the objective temporal order. We argue that for short timescales, even when temporal-resolution capabilities suffice, the perception of temporal order is distorted to fit existing causal beliefs.
Does Economic Theory Inform Government Policy?
Authors: Basu Kaushik
Published: June 2013

This article addresses the interconnections between two seemingly disparate worlds—the world of abstract economic analysis and the world of policy and politics, drawing on the author’s personal experience in the two worlds. A fundamental premise underlying the analysis is that it is a society’s ideas and beliefs that are ultimately responsible for its development. The absence of good, scientific ideas proves to be the biggest stumbling block in crafting good policies. Keynes was right when he wrote that ‘the power of vested interest is vastly exaggerated compared to the gradual encroachment of ideas.’ So was Nehru when, in 1929, in a speech in New Delhi, he urged his young audience: ‘The world is moved by ideas.’ India today stands on the cusp of a major economic take-off. It is up to us to seize the moment. To do so, however, we need to bring the best ideas from the world of scientific enquiry into the humdrum world of politics and policy. The aim of this article is to illustrate by drawing on real-life examples, that it is possible to do so.
Determinants and Implications of Major Conflicts in Pakistan
Authors: Mustafa Usman
Published: June 2013

Pakistan is a state where different regions are influenced by varying nature of conflicts. Conflict in the country is deep rooted and multifaceted. Although, different conflicts occurred from time to time in the country but these were intensified after the occurrence of 9/11 events. All these have profound internal as well as regional and global impacts. Therefore, it is imperative to generate knowledge-based socioeconomic and demographic discourse on conflict, violence and their causes and impacts in Pakistan. Adopting a well structured questionnaire for interviewing and following multistage stratified sampling techniques, 1,057 households were interviewed at their premises in the major conflicts areas of the country, covering three Provinces, Federally and Provincially Administered Tribal Areas i.e., FATA and PATA. The anthropological aspects of the research were conducted mostly through qualitative means of information adopting different Participation Reflection and Action (PRA) tools. Seventeen Focus Groups Discussions (FGD) were held besides 28 in-depth interviews. Secondary sources of information were also collected and analyzed mainly for demographical analysis. The study identified major conflicts, their socio-economic, geo-political and religious causes and deductions.
The Australian contribution to the literature on atypical antipsychotic drugs: a bibliometric study
Authors: López-Muñoz Francisco , Castle David , Shen Winston , Moreno Raquel , Huelves Lorena , Pérez-Nieto Miguel , Noriega Concha , Rubio Gabriel , Molina Juan , Álamo Cecilio
Published: June 2013

Objective:

We performed a bibliometric study on scientific publications on atypical antipsychotic drugs (AADs) from Australia.

Methods:

Using the EMBASE and MEDLINE databases, we chose those documents produced in Australia between 1993 and 2011, whose title included the descriptors atypic* (atypical*), antipsychotic*, second-generation antipsychotic*, clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine, ziprasidone, quetiapine, sertindole, aripiprazole, paliperidone, amisulpride, zotepine, asenapine, iloperidone, lurasidone, perospirone and blonanserin. We applied bibliometric indicators of production as well as dispersion.

Results:

We identified 438 relevant publications. The most widely studied AADs were clozapine (162 documents), olanzapine (103), risperidone (77) and quetiapine (42). There was a lack of exponential growth in publications over time, indicated by non-fulfilment of Price’s Law (correlation coefficient r=0.9195 after exponential adjustment vs. r=0.9253 after linear adjustment). Publications appeared in 148 different journals, with four of the top nine journals having an impact factor greater than 3; 84 of the articles appeared in the Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry.

Conclusion:

Despite Australian publications on AADs appearing in reasonably high impact journals, most were confined to a single Australian psychiatry journal and overall publications did not show exponential growth over the period studied. This might reflect, inter alia, the relative paucity of medication trials being performed in Australia.
Treatment of Western Australia’s mentally ill during the early colonial period, 1826–1865
Authors: Maude Phil
Published: June 2013

Objective:

This paper describes the early settlement of Western Australia and colonial strategies implemented to manage the mentally ill.

Conclusions:

Western Australian Colonial treatment of the mentally ill began in 1829 with the first mentally ill patient, Dr Nicholas Were Langley. Building commenced to house the mentally ill with the use of a prison, ‘The Round House’, and later the temporary shelter ‘Scott’s Warehouse’. Both convicts and the mentally ill were initially housed together, but evidence exists of attempts to provide therapeutic diversions at Scott’s Warehouse.
A Randomized Effectiveness Trial of Brief Parent Training
Authors: Kjøbli John , Bjørnebekk Gunnar
Published: June 2013

Objective:

To examine the follow-up effectiveness of brief parent training (BPT) for children with emerging or existing conduct problems.

Method:

With the use of a randomized controlled trial and parent and teacher reports, this study examined the effectiveness of BPT compared to regular services 6 months after the end of the intervention. Participants included 216 children (3–12 years) and parents randomly assigned to BPT or a comparison group.

Results:

BPT had beneficial effects on caregiver assessments of parenting practices (i.e., positive parenting and harsh discipline) and child conduct problems in the families 6 months after the intervention. The effects of BPT in schools and day care centers were limited. Compared to posttest the effects sizes were smaller and number of significant effects lower.

Conclusion:

Although effects decreased over time, this study demonstrate that a short-term manual-based intervention (3–5 sessions) could be effective in reducing conduct problems 6 month after the intervention.
Lack of Association Between Factor V Leiden and Sepsis
Authors: Zhang Jing , He Yanxian , Song Weibing , Lu Yong , Li Ping , Zou Li , Zhong Wuzhuang
Published: June 2013

Some studies evaluated the association of factor V Leiden (FVL) with sepsis risk and mortality risk. However, the results were conflicting. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis to address the association between FVL and sepsis. PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched to find relevant studies. Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using random effects model. Five case–control studies and 3 cohort studies were included. Overall, no significant association between FVL and sepsis risk was observed (OR = 0.93; 95% CI 0.74-1.15; P = .49). In addition, there was no significant association between FVL and sepsis-related mortality (OR = 1.17; 95% CI 0.73-1.88; P = .52). In the subgroup analysis, no increased sepsis risk and mortality risk were found in caucasian population. This meta-analysis suggested that FVL was not a risk factor for sepsis and sepsis mortality.
Seismic simulation test of equipment protection by using a fuzzy-controlled smart isolation system
Authors: Lu Lyan-Ywan , Hung Jiun-Hung , Lin Pei-Yang
Published: June 2013

Vibration-sensitive equipment mounted on a building structure can be severely damaged by a moderate earthquake, due to the dynamic amplification effect of the primary structure. To alleviate this problem, the seismic protection of such equipment using a fuzzy-controlled piezoelectric equipment isolation system (PEIS) is investigated experimentally in this study by conducting a shaking table test. In the test, the PEIS is placed on top of a full-scale steel frame that is used to simulate the dynamic effect of the primary structure, while the mass of the equipment on the PEIS is simulated by rigid mass blocks. Through controlling the driving voltage of the embedded piezoelectric actuator, the friction damping and motions of the PEIS are attenuated by the fuzzy controller. The implementation of the proposed fuzzy-controlled system requires only one displacement sensor, and thus the system is very easy to implement and less costly than comparable systems. The results of the experiment suggest that, for earthquakes with high intensities or strong near-fault characteristics, the studied system is able to substantially reduce the demand for isolation displacement while maintaining superior isolation efficiency. This implies that the proposed system is particularly desirable for cases of equipment isolation in which the installation space is limited.
Do drug interaction alerts between a chemotherapy order-entry system and an electronic medical record affect clinician behavior?
Authors: Weingart Saul N , Zhu Junya , Young-Hong Joanne , Vermilya Holly Barr , Hassett Michael
Published: June 2013

Introduction

We developed an enhancement to a chemotherapy order-entry system that alerted prescribers to potential drug interactions between patients’ usual outpatient medications and those prescribed for onsite cancer treatment. This report summarizes the interactions and analyzes the impact of alerts on clinician behavior.

Methods

We studied electronic orders created from November 2010 to December 2011 by oncology clinicians at two comprehensive cancer centers who shared a chemotherapy order-entry system and an ambulatory electronic medical record. The enhancement generated an alert if a new chemotherapy system order for an antineoplastic agent or supportive care medication interacted with an existing medication in the ambulatory record, and tracked prescribers’ responses.

Results

New chemotherapy system orders triggered 29,592 drug interaction alerts. New orders for antineoplastic agents accounted for 495 (32.6%) of 1518 high- and medium-severity alerts. Interactions with antibiotics accounted for the majority of these alerts. New chemotherapy system orders for antiemetics triggered 352 (23.2%) alerts and more than two-thirds were attributed to interactions with analgesic opioids. High- and medium-severity alerts changed prescriber behavior in 224 (14.8%) occurrences, including potentially fatal interactions between meperidine and monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Clinicians who overrode alerts indicated that they would monitor the patient (54.6%), the patient already tolerated the combination (24.5%), and they would adjust the dose (15.1%).

Conclusion

Cancer patients are at risk of serious interactions between medications ordered for cancer care and those provided for general medical care. Organizations and order-entry applications should develop countermeasures to identify and prevent potentially serious drug interactions.
Tritrichomoniasis in Cats
Authors: Gruffydd-Jones Tim , Addie Diane , Belák Sándor , Boucraut-Baralon Corine , Egberink Herman , Frymus Tadeusz , Hartmann Katrin , Hosie Margaret J , Lloret Albert , Lutz Hans , Marsilio Fulvio , Möstl Karin , Pennisi Maria Grazia , Radford Alan D , Thiry Etienne , Truyen Uwe , Horzinek Marian C
Published: June 2013

Overview:

Tritrichomonas foetus is a protozoan organism that is specific to cats and can cause large bowel diarrhoea. It is distinct from other Tritrichomonas species and not considered to be zoonotic. Infection is most common in young cats from multicat households, particularly pedigree breeding catteries.

Disease signs:

Affected cats show frequent fetid diarrhoea, often with mucus, fresh blood and straining, but generally remain bright and do not lose weight.

Diagnosis:

Diagnosis of infection is usually based on direct microscopic examination of freshly voided faeces. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing is more sensitive but may detect infections unrelated to diarrhoea and, therefore, requires care in interpretation.

Treatment:

The treatment of choice is ronidazole, which should be used with care as it is an unlicensed drug for cats with a narrow safety margin. Clinical signs are generally self-limiting in untreated cases, but may take months to resolve.
‘… sometimes you’ve just got to get away’: On trekking holidays and their therapeutic effect
Authors: Olafsdottir Gunnthora
Published: June 2013

A traditional Romantic fix for the stress and strain of the everyday has been the idea of ‘getting back to nature’, exploring places of natural grandeur and beauty based on the belief in nature’s therapeutic agency on the traveller. This article introduces a theoretical framework that offers a way to explore how touristic spaces are lived within a human–non-human co-constituted affective process. It then engages with the spaces of nature-based tourism and reports findings from an ethnographic study on British-based trekking holiday to Iceland. These findings suggest that the emotions and therapeutic affect that have traditionally been reported from spending time in nature are relational outcomes; they depend both on nature’s performance and on what the individual contributes to the relations.
Transnational social capital
Authors: Levy Orly , Peiperl Maury , Bouquet Cyril
Published: June 2013

In this study, we introduce a conceptual framework for transnational social capital as a higher order multidimensional construct. Consistent with this view, we develop and validate a 11-item scale aimed at measuring bridging and bonding social capital embedded within a cross-border network of professional relations and ties. Data from several exploratory and confirmatory studies of executives and Master of Business Administration students show reliability and construct validity. This research instrument provides researchers with a valuable resource for assessing transnational social capital of individuals and exploring its implications.
Developmentally Sensitive Behavioral Treatment of a 4-Year-Old, Korean Girl With Selective Mutism
Authors: Jacob Marni L. , Suveg Cynthia , Shaffer Anne
Published: June 2013

This case study reports on the use of a developmentally sensitive behavioral treatment program for a 4-year-old Korean girl diagnosed with selective mutism. Multi-method assessment, consisting of parent and teacher reports, as well as school and home-video observation, confirmed the diagnosis. Behavioral therapy was administered with an emphasis on behavioral reinforcement strategies that were adapted for the child’s developmental level. After 17 sessions, the child evidenced a notable reduction in selective mutism symptoms, evidenced by clinician and school observation. Furthermore, she indicated a decrease in symptoms of withdrawal based on teacher report. This case study demonstrates how behavioral treatment strategies emphasizing behavioral reinforcement techniques can be applied in developmentally appropriate ways to treat young, bilingual children with selective mutism.
Reversible Palinacousis From Intracranial Metastases
Authors: Bega Danny , Wang Nancy , Klein Joshua P.
Published: June 2013

Palinacousis is an auditory illusion consisting of perseveration or echoing of an external auditory stimulus after it has ceased. This rare clinical symptom has been reported in ictal (seizure), postictal, and nonictal states, and causative lesions have been most consistently found in or near the temporal lobes. It is distinct from the auditory hallucinations seen in psychiatric illness. We report the case of a 61-year-old man who experienced several days of palinacousis while undergoing treatment for newly diagnosed metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. Palinacousis was presumed to be triggered by intracranial metastases near the auditory cortex. An electroencephalogram showed bilateral theta slowing over the left greater than right temporal lobes without epileptiform activity. Palinacousis remitted with corticosteroid and whole brain radiation therapy.
Gujarat Elections: The Sub-Text of Modi’s ‘Hattrick’—High Tech Populism and the ‘Neo-middle Class’
Authors: Jaffrelot Christophe
Published: June 2013

This article, while it will pay attention to the opposition parties—the Congress and the GPP—intends, in its first part, to scrutinize the mainstays of Narendra Modi’s election campaign with special references to high tech populism, his banalization of Hindutva, his notion of Gujarati patriotism and his defence of what he calls the ‘neo-middle class’. The second part that deals with the electoral results and the citizens’ voting behaviour, will show that Modi’s constituency is a by-product of an increasingly polarized pattern of social change and economic growth, the BJP receiving stronger support from urban dwellers, whatever their caste, gender and level of education may be.
Book Review: Poverty Amid Plenty in the New India
Authors: Echeverri-Gent John
Published: June 2013

Atul Kohli, Poverty Amid Plenty in the New India. New Delhi: Cambridge University Press, India. 2012. 272 pages. ₹ 395
Formal Credit and Rural Occupational Diversification: Recent Experience in India
Authors: Reddy D. Narasimha
Published: June 2013

During the past two decades, India has been acclaimed as one of the fastest growing economies in the world. But the pace of growth is not reflected in the expansion of employment opportunities, especially in rural areas. Vast majority of labour force in rural areas are concentrated in agriculture and other low productive activities. The kind of diversification in rural employment witnessed as a part of development process in rural South East Asia is hardly in evidence in India. This article analyzes the experience of promotion of rural occupational diversification with reference to credit flow with particular reference to the Swarnajayanti Gram Swarojgari Yojana (SGSY). The article discusses the growing demographic pressure in rural areas and the crowding of workforce in the agriculture sector and analyzes broadly the role of non-farm sector in rural occupational diversification and discusses the state of rural non-farm sector and non-farm enterprises in India. It goes on to analyze the credit related problems of micro and small enterprises and concludes by referring to the need for not only improving the supply of credit flow to rural households for income generating activities but also strengthening the demand side by strengthening the capabilities of the rural household through capacity building and appropriate institutional arrangements.
Constitutional CHEK2mutations are infrequent in early-onset and familial breast/ovarian cancer patients from Pakistan
Authors: Rashid Muhammad U , Muhammad Noor , Faisal Saima , Amin Asim , Hamann Ute
Published: June 2013

Background

Less than 20% of Pakistani women with early-onset or familial breast/ovarian cancer harbor germ line mutations in the high-penetrance genesBRCA1,BRCA2andTP53. Thus, mutations in other genes confer genetic susceptibility to breast cancer, of whichCHEK2is a plausible candidate.CHEK2encodes a checkpoint kinase, involved in response to DNA damage.

Methods

In the present study we assessed the prevalence ofCHEK2germ line mutations in 145BRCA1/2-negative early-onset and familial breast/ovarian cancer patients from Pakistan (Group 1). Mutation analysis of the completeCHEK2coding region was performed using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, followed by DNA sequencing of variant fragments.

Results

Two potentially deleterious missense mutations, c.275C>G (p.P92R) and c.1216C>T, (p.R406C), were identified (1.4%). The c.275C>G mutation is novel and has not been described in other populations. It was detected in a 30-year-old breast cancer patient with a family history of breast and multiple other cancers. The c.1216C>T mutation was found in a 34-year-old ovarian cancer patient from a family with two breast cancer cases. Both mutations were not detected in 229 recently recruitedBRCA1/2-negative high risk patients (Group 2).

Conclusion

Our findings suggest thatCHEK2mutations may not contribute significantly to breast/ovarian cancer risk in Pakistani women.
Developing a complex intervention for the outpatient management of incidentally diagnosed pulmonary embolism in cancer patients
Authors: Palmer June , Bozas George , Stephens Andrew , Johnson Miriam , Avery Ged , O’Toole Lorcan , Maraveyas Anthony
Published: June 2013

Background

Most patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) spend 5–7 days in hospital even though only 4.5% will develop serious complications during this time. In particular, the group of patients with incidentally diagnosed PE (i-PE) includes many patients with low risk features potentially ideal for outpatient management; however the evidence for their optimal management is lacking hence relative practices may vary considerably. We describe the development process, components, links and function of a nurse-led service for the management of patients with i-PE, developed in accordance to the UK Medical Research Council complex intervention guidance.

Methods

Phase 0 (Theoretical underpinning): The Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI) was selected for patient risk assessment and the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) guideline for the management of PE in cancer patients (2007) was selected as quality measure. Historical registry and audit data from our centre regarding i-PE incidence and management for the period between 2006 and 2009 illustrating the then current practices were reviewed. Phase 1 (Modelling): Modelling of the pathway included the following: a) Identification of training needs, planning and implementation of training schemes and development of transferable competencies and training materials. b) Mapping patient pathways and flow and c) Production of key documentation and Standard Operating Procedures for the delivery of the service.

Results

Phase 2 (Implementation and testing of the intervention): During the initial 12 months of implementation, remedial action was taken to address identified deficiencies regarding patient referral to the pathway, compliance with treatment protocol, patient follow up, selection challenges from the use of PESI in cancer patients and challenges regarding the “first-pass” identification of i-PE.

Conclusion

We have developed and piloted a complex intervention to manage cancer patients with incidental PE in an outpatient setting. Adherence to evidence- based care, improvement of communication between professionals and patients, and improved quality of data is demonstrated.
Stiffness memory of EA.hy926 endothelial cells in response to chronic hyperglycemia
Authors: Targosz-Korecka Marta , Brzezinka Grzegorz D , Malek Katarzyna E , Stȩpień Ewa , Szymonski Marek
Published: June 2013

Background

Glycemic memory of endothelial cells is an effect of long-lasting hyperglycemia and is a cause of various diabetics complications, that arises despite of the treatment targeted towards returning low glucose level in blood system. On the other hand, endothelial dysfunction, which is believed to be a main cause of cardiovascular complications, is exhibited in the changes of mechanical properties of cells. Although formation of the glycemic memory was widely investigated, its impact on the mechanical properties of endothelial cells has not been studied yet.

Methods

In this study, nanoindentaion with a tip of an atomic force microscope was used to probe the long-term changes (through 26 passages, c.a. 80 days) in mechanical properties of EA.hy926 endothelial cells cultured in hyperglycemic conditions. As a complementary method, alterations in the structure of actin cytoskeleton were visualized by fluorescent staining of F-actin.

Results

We observed a gradual stiffening of the cells up to 20th passage for cells cultured in high glucose (25 mM). Fluorescence imaging has revealed that this behavior resulted from systematic remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. In further passages, a drop in stiffness had occurred. The most interesting finding was recorded for cells transferred after 14 passages from high glucose to normal glucose conditions (5mM). After the transfer, the initial drop in stiffness was followed by a return of the cell stiffness to the value previously observed for cells cultured constantly in high glucose

Conclusions

Our results indicate that glycemic memory causes irreversible changes in stiffness of endothelial cells. The formation of the observed “stiffness memory” could be important in the context of vascular complications which develop despite the normalization of the glucose level.
Some geometric properties of a new modular space defined by Zweier operator
Authors: Et Mikail , Karakaş Murat , Çınar Muhammed
Published: June 2013

In this paper, we define the modular space

Z
σ

(
s
,
p
)

by using the Zweier operator and a modular. Then, we consider it equipped with the Luxemburg norm and also examine the uniform Opial property and property β. Finally, we show that this space has the fixed point property.

MSC:40A05, 46A45, 46B20.
Intact cluster and chordate-like expression of ParaHox genes in a sea star
Authors: Annunziata Rossella , Martinez Pedro , Arnone Maria Ina
Published: June 2013

Background

The ParaHox genes are thought to be major players in patterning the gut of several bilaterian taxa. Though this is a fundamental role that these transcription factors play, their activities are not limited to the endoderm and extend to both ectodermal and mesodermal tissues. Three genes compose the ParaHox group: Gsx, Xlox and Cdx. In some taxa (mostly chordates but to some degree also in protostomes) the three genes are arranged into a genomic cluster, in a similar fashion to what has been shown for the better-known Hox genes. Sea urchins possess the full complement of ParaHox genes but they are all dispersed throughout the genome, an arrangement that, perhaps, represented the primitive condition for all echinoderms. In order to understand the evolutionary history of this group of genes we cloned and characterized all ParaHox genes, studied their expression patterns and identified their genomic loci in a member of an earlier branching group of echinoderms, the asteroid Patiria miniata.

Results

We identified the three ParaHox orthologs in the genome of P. miniata. While one of them, PmGsx is provided as maternal message, with no zygotic activation afterwards, the other two, PmLox and PmCdx are expressed during embryogenesis, within restricted domains of both endoderm and ectoderm. Screening of a Patiria bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library led to the identification of a clone containing the three genes. The transcriptional directions of PmGsx and PmLox are opposed to that of the PmCdx gene within the cluster.

Conclusions

The identification of P. miniata ParaHox genes has revealed the fact that these genes are clustered in the genome, in contrast to what has been reported for echinoids. Since the presence of an intact cluster, or at least a partial cluster, has been reported in chordates and polychaetes respectively, it becomes clear that within echinoderms, sea urchins have modified the original bilaterian arrangement. Moreover, the sea star ParaHox domains of expression show chordate-like features not found in the sea urchin, confirming that the dynamics of gene expression for the respective genes and their putative regulatory interactions have clearly changed over evolutionary time within the echinoid lineage.
Let-7b expression determines response to chemotherapy through the regulation of Cyclin D1 in Glioblastoma
Authors: Guo Yong , Yan Kuipo , Fang Jiasheng , Qu Qiang , Zhou Ming , Chen Fenghua
Published: June 2013

Background

Glioblastoma is the most common type of primary brain tumors. Cisplatin is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent for Glioblastoma patients. Despite a consistent rate of initial responses, cisplatin treatment often develops chemoresistance, leading to therapeutic failure. Cellular resistance to cisplatin is of great concern and understanding the molecular mechanisms is an utter need.

Methods

Glioblastoma cell line U251 cells were exposed to increasing doses of cisplatin for 6 months to establish cisplatin-resistant cell line U251R. The differential miRNA expression profiles in U251 and U251R cell lines were identified by microarray analysis and confirmed by Q-PCR. MiRNA mimics were transfected into U251R cells, and cellular response to cisplatin-induced apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were examined by FACS analysis.

Results

U251R cells showed 3.1-fold increase in cisplatin resistance compared to its parental U251 cells. Microarray analysis identified Let-7b and other miRNAs significantly down-regulated in U251R cells compared to U251 cells. Transfection of Let-7b mimics greatly re-sensitized U251R cells to cisplatin, while transfection of other miRNAs has no effect or slightly effect. Cyclin D1 is predicted as a target of Let-7b through bioinformatics analysis. Over-expression of Let-7b mimics suppressed cyclin D1 protein expression and inhibited cyclin D1-3’-UTR luciferase activity. Knockdown of cyclin D1 expression significantly increased cisplatin-induced G1 arrest and apoptosis.

Conclusions

Collectively, our results indicated that cisplatin treatment leads to Let-7b suppression, which in turn up-regulates cyclin D1 expression. Let-7b may serve as a marker of cisplatin resistance, and can enhance the therapeutic benefit of cisplatin in glioblastoma cells.
Coumarin compounds of Biebersteinia multifida roots show potential anxiolytic effects in mice
Authors: Monsef-Esfahani Hamid Reza , Amini Mohsen , Goodarzi Navid , Saiedmohammadi Fatemeh , Hajiaghaee Reza , Faramarzi Mohammad Ali , Tofighi Zahra , Ghahremani Mohammad Hossein
Published: June 2013

Background

Traditional preparations of the root of Biebersteinia multifida DC (Geraniaceae), a native medicinal plant of Irano-Turanian floristic region, have been used for the treatment of phobias as anxiolytic herbal preparation.

Methods

We utilized the phobic behavior of mice in an elevated plus-maze as a model to evaluate the anxiolytic effect of the plant extract and bio-guided fractionation was applied to isolate the active compounds. Total root extract, alkaline and ether fraction were administered to mice at different doses 30 and 90 min prior to the maze test. Saline and diazepam were administered as negative and positive controls, respectively. The time spent in open and closed arms, an index of anxiety behavior and entry time, was measured as an index of animal activity.

Results

The total root extract exhibited anxiolytic effect which was comparable to diazepam but with longer duration. This sustained effect of the crude extract was sustained for 90 min and was even more after injection of 45 mg/kg while the effect of diazepam had been reduced by 90 min. The anxiolytic effect factor was only present in the alkaline fraction and displayed its effect at lower doses than diazepam while pure vasicinone as the previously known alkaloid did not shown anxiolytic effect. The effect of the alkaline fraction was in a dose dependent manner starting at 0.2 mg/kg with a maximum at 1.0 mg/kg. Bio-guided fractionation using a variety of chromatographic methods led to isolation and purification of three coumarin derivatives from the bioactive fraction, including umbelliferone, scopoletin, and ferulic acid.

Conclusion

For the first time, bio-guided fractionation of the root extract of B. multifida indicates significant sustained anxiolytic effects which led to isolation of three coumarin derivatives with well-known potent MAO inhibitory and anti-anxiety effects. These data contribute to evidence-based traditional use of B. multifida root for anxiety disorders.
Exome sequencing resolves apparent incidental findings and reveals further complexity of SH3TC2 variant alleles causing Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy
Authors: Lupski James R , Gonzaga-Jauregui Claudia , Yang Yaping , Bainbridge Matthew N , Jhangiani Shalini , Buhay Christian J , Kovar Christie L , Wang Min , Hawes Alicia C , Reid Jeffrey G , Eng Christine , Muzny Donna M , Gibbs Richard A
Published: June 2013

Background

The debate regarding the relative merits of whole genome sequencing (WGS) versus exome sequencing (ES) centers around comparative cost, average depth of coverage for each interrogated base, and their relative efficiency in the identification of medically actionable variants from the myriad of variants identified by each approach. Nevertheless, few genomes have been subjected to both WGS and ES, using multiple next generation sequencing platforms. In addition, no personal genome has been so extensively analyzed using DNA derived from peripheral blood as opposed to DNA from transformed cell lines that may either accumulate mutations during propagation or clonally expand mosaic variants during cell transformation and propagation.

Methods

We investigated a genome that was studied previously by SOLiD chemistry using both ES and WGS, and now perform six independent ES assays (Illumina GAII (x2), Illumina HiSeq (x2), Life Technologies' Personal Genome Machine (PGM) and Proton), and one additional WGS (Illumina HiSeq).

Results

We compared the variants identified by the different methods and provide insights into the differences among variants identified between ES runs in the same technology platform and among different sequencing technologies. We resolved the true genotypes of medically actionable variants identified in the proband through orthogonal experimental approaches. Furthermore, ES identified an additional SH3TC2 variant (p.M1?) that likely contributes to the phenotype in the proband.

Conclusions

ES identified additional medically actionable variant calls and helped resolve ambiguous single nucleotide variants (SNV) documenting the power of increased depth of coverage of the captured targeted regions. Comparative analyses of WGS and ES reveal that pseudogenes and segmental duplications may explain some instances of apparent disease mutations in unaffected individuals.
The development of personnel management theory and practice (historical view)
Authors: Кибанов  , Kibanov Ardalon
Published: June 2013

The essence of theories related to personnel management is considered in this article. This theories’ development is demonstrated since the middle of the XIX century to the beginning of the XXI century: the theories’ postulates of working with people and the expected results were changing. Together with the theories the practice of personnel management was developing: objects of management, personnel’s dominating needs, organization tasks, and leading trends of personnel management were changing. For almost two centuries the content of personnel management processes has undergone a significant evolution: from staffing and staff accounting to personnel’s intellectual capital management. This evolutionary path has been described in details and justified step by step on the example of world’s leading countries, including Russia, in the article.
Lectures on discipline “motivation and stimulation of labour activity” (part 6)
Authors: Митрофанова  , Mitrofanova Elena
Published: June 2013

This article continues the abstract of lectures on discipline “Motivation

and Stimulation of Labor Activity” at the bachelors’ training program

degree “Human Resource Management”.
Factors’ influence analysis on motivation of personnel’s professional and career promotion
Authors: Зубарева  , Zubareva L. , Гадецкая  , Gadetskaya I.
Published: June 2013

The main factors that influence the motivation of personnel’s professional and career promotion are considered in this article. Personnel’s internal individual and personal merits are demonstrated in details.
Memory and Organizational Evolvability in a Neutral Landscape
Authors: Jain Amit , Kogut Bruce
Published: June 2013

Many organizational theories are not sanguine over the chances of organizations to adapt and evolve, even if they should learn from the past through memory. Innovative search in the adaptive biology tradition leads quickly to dead ends. However, memory is useful for rendering innovative search more efficient. The concept from evolutionary biology of neutrality and drift along neutral pathways introduces the possibility that organizations are robust to local innovations and therefore potential candidates for evolvability. Through simulations in a neutral NK hypercube, our analysis shows that neutrality does not create value when future payoffs are discounted and change is costly. Here is the role for memory. Memory enables the faster development of better capabilities and reverses the negative assessment of evolvability. Even when allowing for forgetting, memory is a positive capability that improves evolvability of organizations so they can achieve better performance and better ways of doing so. Memory and neutrality are complementary for creating organizational evolvability, a finding consistent with the overwhelming evidence that organizations are more productive today than before because of innovation.
High rate of revision and a high incidence of radiolucent lines around Metasul metal-on-metal total hip replacements
Authors: Bjorgul K. , Novicoff W. N. , Andersen S. T. , Ahlund O. R. , Bunes A. , Wiig M. , Brevig K.
Published: June 2013

A total of 397 hips were randomised to receive Metasul metal-on-metal (MoM), metal-on-conventional polyethylene (MoP) or ceramic-on-polyethylene (CoP) bearings using a cemented triple-tapered polished femoral component (MS-30). There were 129 MoM hips in 123 patients (39 male and 84 female, mean age 63.3 years (40.7 to 72.9)), 137 MoP hips in 127 patients (39 male and 88 female, mean age 62.8 years (24.5 to 72.7)) and 131 CoP hips in 124 patients (51 male and 73 female, mean age 63.9 years (30.6 to 73.8)). All acetabular components were cemented Weber polyethylene components with the appropriate inlay for the MoM articulation. Clinical evaluation was undertaken using the Harris hip score (HHS) and radiological assessments were made at two, five and seven years. The HHS and radiological analysis were available for 341 hips after seven years. The MoM group had the lowest mean HHS (p = 0.124), a higher rate of revision (p < 0.001) and a higher incidence of radiolucent lines in unrevised hips (p < 0.001). In all, 12 revisions had been performed in 12 patients: eight in the MoM group (four for infection, four for aseptic loosening, three in the MoP group (one each of infection, dislocation and pain) and one in the CoP group (infection).

Our findings reveal no advantage to the MoM bearing and identified a higher revision rate and a greater incidence of radiolucent lines than with the other articulations. We recommend that patients with a 28 mm Metasul MoM bearing be followed carefully.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:881–6.