bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scan QR Code untuk Mengenal Benda-Benda Bersejarah di Museum
Authors: Manu Gerlan Apriandy
Published: March 2020

QR Codes merupakan pengembangan atau perubahan bentuk kode batang atau barcode dari satu dimensi menjadi dua dimensi, dengan kemampuan menyimpan data lebih besar dibanding kode batang atau barcode. QR Code dapat menyimpan data dalam bentuk angka, huruf, dan symbol. Sehingga QR Code dapat digunakan untuk menyimpan URL laman suatu situs. Situs tersebut dapat berisi informasi tentang bahan ajar yang dapat digunakan guru dalam proses pembelajaran di kelas. QR Code dapat digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran di kelas pada sekolah-sekolah. Umumnya informasi tentang benda-benda bersejarah di Museum akan dapat diakses oleh pengunjung atau siswa sekolah jika melakukan perkunjungan langsung ke Museum. Siswa dapat mengakses informasi tentang benda-benda bersejarah tersebut saat sekolahnya berkunjung ke Museum. Setelah itu saat kembali ke sekolah akses informasi dapat dilakukan dengan melihat katalog atau artikel lainnya yang diperoleh saat kunjungan ke museum tersebut. Dengan QR Code, informasi tentang benda-benda bersejarah tersebut dapat langsung diakses oleh siswa dengan cara melakukan pindai (scan) QR Code. Maka secara langsung siswa akan diantarkan pada URL laman situs yang berisi tentang benda bersejarah tersebut. Penelitian ini menghasilkan prototype sistem yang menjelaskan tentang alur penggunaan QR Code untuk mengenal benda – benda bersejarah di Museum.
Infrared Properties of Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars in Our Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds
Authors: Suh Kyung-Won
Published: March 2020

We investigate the infrared properties of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars in our Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds using various infrared observational data and theoretical models. We use catalogs for the sample of 4996 AGB stars in our Galaxy and about 39,000 AGB stars in the Magellanic Clouds from the available literature. For each object in the sample, we cross-identify the 2MASS, Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, and Spitzer counterparts. To compare the physical properties of O- and C-rich AGB stars in our Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds, we present IR two-color diagrams (2CDs) using various photometric data. We perform radiative transfer model calculations for AGB stars using various possible parameters of central stars and dust shells. Using the dust opacity functions of amorphous silicate and carbon, the theoretical dust shell models can roughly reproduce the observations of AGB stars on various IR 2CDs. Compared with our Galaxy, we find that the Magellanic Clouds are deficient in AGB stars with thick dust shells. Compared with the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) is more deficient in AGB stars with thick dust shells. This could be because the Magellanic Clouds are more metal-poor than our Galaxy and the LMC is more metal-rich than the SMC. We also present the IR properties of known pulsating variables. Investigating the magnitude distributions at mid-IR (MIR) bands for AGB stars in the Magellanic Clouds, we find that the SMC is more deficient in bright AGB stars at MIR bands compared with the LMC.
The Clustering of X-Ray Luminous Quasars
Authors: Powell M. C. , Urry C. M. , Cappelluti N. , Johnson J. T. , LaMassa S. M. , Ananna T. T. , Kollmann K. E.
Published: March 2020

The clustering of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) sheds light on their typical large (Mpc-scale) environments, which can constrain the growth and evolution of supermassive black holes. Here we measure the clustering of luminous X-ray-selected AGNs in the Stripe 82X and XMM-XXL-north surveys around the peak epoch of black hole growth, in order to investigate the dependence of luminosity on large-scale AGN environment. We compute the auto-correlation function of AGNs in two luminosity bins,

erg s−1 at z ∼ 0.8 and L

X
 ≥ 1044.5 erg s−1 at z ∼ 1.8, and calculate the AGN bias taking into account the redshift distribution of the sources using three different methods. Our results show that while the less luminous sample has an inferred typical halo mass that is smaller than for the more luminous AGNs, the host halo mass may be less dependent on luminosity than suggested in previous work. Focusing on the luminous sample, we calculate a typical host halo mass of ∼1013

, which is similar to previous measurements of moderate-luminosity X-ray AGNs and significantly larger than the values found for optical quasars of similar luminosities and redshifts. We suggest that the clustering differences between different AGN selection techniques are dominated by selection biases, and not due to a dependence on AGN luminosity. We discuss the limitations of inferring AGN triggering mechanisms from halo masses derived by large-scale bias.
Giant Planet Swaps during Close Stellar Encounters
Authors: Wang Yi-Han , Perna Rosalba , Leigh Nathan W. C.
Published: March 2020

The discovery of planetary systems outside of the solar system has challenged some of the tenets of planetary formation. Among the difficult-to-explain observations are systems with a giant planet orbiting a very low mass star, such as the recently discovered GJ 3512b planetary system, where a Jupiter-like planet orbits an M star in a tight and eccentric orbit. Systems such as this one are not predicted by the core accretion theory of planet formation. Here we suggest a novel mechanism, in which the giant planet is born around a more typical Sun-like star (

), but is subsequently exchanged during a dynamical interaction with a flyby low-mass star (

). We perform state-of-the-art N-body simulations with

and

to study the statistical outcomes of this interaction, and show that exchanges result in high eccentricities for the new orbit around the low-mass star, while about half of the outcomes result in tighter orbits than the planet had around its birth star. We numerically compute the cross section for planet exchange, and show that an upper limit for the probability per planetary system to have undergone such an event is

Gyr−1, where a
p is the planet semimajor axis around the birth star, σ the velocity dispersion of the star cluster, and M
c the total mass of the star cluster. Hence these planet exchanges could be relatively common for stars born in open clusters and groups, should already be observed in the exoplanet database, and provide new avenues to create unexpected planetary architectures.
The Stars in M15 Were Born with the r-process*
Authors: Kirby Evan N. , Duggan Gina , Ramirez-Ruiz Enrico , Macias Phillip
Published: March 2020

High-resolution spectroscopy of stars on the red giant branch (RGB) of the globular cluster M15 has revealed a large (∼1 dex) dispersion in the abundances of r-process elements such as Ba and Eu. Neutron star mergers (NSMs) have been proposed as a major source of the r-process. However, most NSM models predict a delay time longer than the timescale for cluster formation. One possibility is that a NSM polluted the surfaces of stars in M15 long after the cluster finished forming. In this case, the abundances of the polluting elements would decrease in the first dredge-up as stars turn on to the RGB. We present Keck/DEIMOS abundances of Ba in 66 stars along the entire RGB and the top of the main sequence. The Ba abundances have no trend with stellar luminosity (evolutionary phase). Therefore, the stars were born with the Ba that they have today, and Ba did not originate in a source with a delay time longer than the timescale for cluster formation. In particular, if the source of Ba was a NSM, it would have had a very short delay time. Alternatively, if Ba enrichment took place before the formation of the cluster, an inhomogeneity of a factor of 30 in Ba abundance needs to be able to persist over the length scale of the gas cloud that formed M15, which is unlikely.
The occurrence of dot-like micro B chromosomes in Korean field mice Apodemus peninsulae from the shore of the Teletskoye Lake (Altai Mountains)
Authors: Borisov Yuriy M. , Abramov Sergey A. , Borisova Marina Y. , Zhigarev Igor A.
Published: March 2020

The data on the changes in the cytogenetic structure of the geographic population of Korean field mouse Apodemus (Alsomys) peninsulae Thomas, 1907 at the southern shore of the Teletskoye Lake (Altai Republic) are presented. In 1980 no dot-like microchromosomes were found in 34 mice captured on the southern and northern coasts of the Teletskoye Lake. In 2011, a 1.6-fold (from 2.7 to 4.3) increase in the mean number of B chromosomes compared to the rate estimated there earlier in 1980 was discovered. In 11 of the 15 mice (73%) captured in 2011, the karyotypes contained 1–2 dot-like micro B chromosomes and 1–5 macro B chromosomes. The pollution of the territory by the remains of the rocket fuel components may be an appropriate explanation for the cause of the karyological changes observed in A. peninsulae in this region.
Cytogenetics of entelegyne spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) from southern Africa
Authors: Šťáhlavský František , Forman Martin , Just Pavel , Denič Filip , Haddad Charles R. , Opatova Vera
Published: March 2020

Spiders represent one of the most studied arachnid orders. They are particularly intriguing from a cytogenetic point of view, due to their complex and dynamic sex chromosome determination systems. Despite intensive research on this group, cytogenetic data from African spiders are still mostly lacking. In this study, we describe the karyotypes of 38 species of spiders belonging to 16 entelegyne families from South Africa and Namibia. In the majority of analysed families, the observed chromosome numbers and morphology (mainly acrocentric) did not deviate from the family-level cytogenetic characteristics based on material from other continents: Tetragnathidae (2n♂ = 24), Ctenidae and Oxyopidae (2n♂ = 28), Sparassidae (2n♂ = 42), Gnaphosidae, Trachelidae and Trochanteriidae (2n♂ = 22), and Salticidae (2n♂ = 28). On the other hand, we identified interspecific variability within Hersiliidae (2n♂ = 33 and 35), Oecobiidae (2n♂ = 19 and 25), Selenopidae (2n♂ = 26 and 29) and Theridiidae (2n♂ = 21 and 22). We examined the karyotypes of Ammoxenidae and Gallieniellidae for the first time. Their diploid counts (2n♂ = 22) correspond to the superfamily Gnaphosoidea and support their placement in this lineage. On the other hand, the karyotypes of Prodidominae (2n♂ = 28 and 29) contrast with all other Gnaphosoidea. Similarly, the unusually high diploid number in Borboropactus sp. (2n♂ = 28) within the otherwise cytogenetically uniform family Thomisidae (mainly 2n♂ = 21–24) supports molecular data suggesting a basal position of the genus in the family. The implementation of FISH methods for visualisation of rDNA clusters facilitated the detection of complex dynamics of numbers of these loci. We identified up to five loci of the 18S rDNA clusters in our samples. Three different sex chromosome systems (X0, X1X20 and X1X2X30) were also detected among the studied taxa.
The Best Little Association You've Never Heard Of
Authors: Jones-Schenk Jan , Batcheller Joyce
Published: March 2020

Associations come and go, as do their brands, missions, and visions. Nursing has many associations and affiliated groups because the profession is diverse, complex, and collaborative. Engagement in professional organizations is a critical contribution to career and leadership development. The organization formerly known as the Council on Graduate Education for Administration in Nursing has been functioning for nearly 50 years, but its new brand—Association for Leadership Science in Nursing—and mission bring a fresh and compelling value proposition.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2020;51(3):104–105.]
Site characterisation in Kangra Valley (NW Himalaya, India) by inversion of H/V spectral ratio from ambient noise measurements and its validation by multichannel analysis of surface waves technique
Authors: Ambrish Kumar Mahajan , Kumar Praveen
Published: March 2020

The ambient noise measurements were performed at 200 sites in and around the upcoming urban centre of Kangra Valley to derive the predominant frequency of soil. The shear‐wave velocity of the soft soil cover is obtained by joint‐fit inversion modelling of the horizontal‐to‐vertical spectral ratio and the dispersion curves derived from multichannel simulation with one receiver survey. Simultaneously, shear‐wave velocity investigations were also performed employing an active 24‐channel engineering seismograph using multichannel analysis of surface waves. Finally, the derived one‐dimensional shear‐wave velocity profiles were compared between these two different approaches, which were found to be in good agreement. The shear‐wave velocity investigations of the study area have indicated that the majority of the sites either fall in soil class D (, stiff soil) or class C (, very stiff soil) as per NEHRP classification. The microtremor data also suggest high fundamental frequency (4 to >20 Hz) within and on the fringes of the basin, thus covering 80% of the study area, which is in agreement with the known shear‐wave velocity variation in the Kangra Valley. The large variation in high frequencies cannot be attributed to the presence of thick loose alluvial sediments (gravels and sand) but can be related to the presence of moraine deposits or bedrock (upper conglomerates) underneath the basin. However, a few isolated locations in the northern and southeastern parts of the basin are characterised by a low predominant frequency (2–3 Hz) or frequency less than even 2 Hz. The results further suggest that both multichannel analysis of surface waves and horizontal‐to‐vertical spectral ratio methods, in combination with multichannel simulation with one receiver, are complementary to each other and are suitable for estimating the shear‐wave velocity structure for hilly urban regions, where exploring a large area is a major challenge. The analysis further reveals that Kangra Valley can have a major devastation from a near‐source earthquake rather than from a far‐source event.
Boundary Layer Flow of Casson Fluid on Exponentially Stretching Porous Surface with Radiative Heat Transfer
Authors: Seini Ibrahim Yakubu , Aloliga Golbert , Ziblim Baba , Makinde Oluwole Daniel
Published: March 2020

An analysis of aCasson fluid flowing over a porous exponentially stretching surface with radiation has been studied. A non-Newtonian fluid model was developed for the flow and similarity analysis used in the transformation process. The model of partial differential equations was transformed into ordinary differential equations and reduced into a system of first order differential equations which was then solved using the Fourth-order Runge-Kutta algorithm alongside the Newton Raphson shooting method. The results have been presented graphically and in tabular form for various controlling parameters of the problem. It is observed that general control can be achieved by the permeability of the surface and the value of the Casson parameter.
A Study of Fractional Relaxation Time Derivative on Blood Flow in Arteries with Magnetic and Thermal Radiation Effects
Authors: Yakubu D.G. , Abdulhameed Mohammed , Adamu G.T. , Kwami A.M.
Published: March 2020

In this paper, a fractional relaxation model is studied to determine the effect of heat transfer and magnetic field on the blood flow. The flow is due to an oscillating periodic pressure gradient and body acceleration. We apply Laplace transform as well as finite Hankel transform to obtain the closed form solutions of the velocity and temperature distributions of the fractional time partial differential equations. Effect of the fluid flow parameters are shown graphically with changes in the ordinary model as well as the fractional parameters. The analysis shows that the fractional derivative is an excellent tool which gives remarkable change in controlling temperature and blood flow. The analysis depicts graphically, that in the presences of strong applied (exterior) magnetic field, reduces the temperature and blood flow velocities, which is appropriate to avoid tissues damage during treatment. In addition, it is seen that some of the aforementioned parameters influenced the fluid flow profiles in increasing and decreasing fashion which is interpreted as useful to the study.
Computational Analyses of Flow and Heat Transfer at 60° Position of 180° Curved Duct of Square Cross-Section
Authors: Mokeddem Mourad , Laidoudi Houssem , Bouzit Mohamed
Published: March 2020

3D computational analyses are achieved to predict seriously the influences of thermal buoyancy strength and Dean number on Dean vortices, flow behavior and the rate heat transfer through 180° curved channel of square cross-sectional form. The work shows many results, so this paper emphasizes only on the results of 60° cross-sectional position of the bend duct. The principal partial equations of continuity, momentum and energy are considering in three dimensions under the following assumptions: flow is incompressible and laminar, and it is solved in steady-state. The aforementioned equations are subjected to suitable boundary conditions under following range as: Dean number of De = 125 to 150, Richardson number of Ri = 0 to 2 at fixed value of Prandtl number Pr = 1. The principal results of this work are illustrated as streamline and isotherm contours to draw to flow patterns and temperature distributions respectively. The axial velocity profile is shown versus above conditions, the local Nusselt number is also presented along the wall of 60° cross-sectional position. The results show that the thermal buoyancy can balance the effect of centrifugal force of fluid particles at the angular position of 60°.
Soret Effect on MHD Casson Fluid Flow Past a Moving Vertical Plate in the Presence of Radiation and Chemical Reaction
Authors: Vijaya Kolli , Reddy Gurrampati Venkata Ramana , Makinde Oluwole Daniel
Published: March 2020

In the Present study Soret effect on Magneto Hydro dynamic (MHD) steadytwo-dimensional free convective Casson fluid flow past a moving vertical plate in the presence of thermal radiation and chemical reaction is analysed. The governing partial differential equations of the flow, momentum, energy and mass are transformed into ordinary differential equations using suitable similarity variables. These Non-linear systems of ordinarydifferential equations are solved using Runge - Kutta method along with shooting technique. The effects of various parameters on the velocity, temperature and concentration are discussed. The Skin-friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are discussed in detail.
Mapping the Chromosomal Insertion Site of the GFP Transgene of UBC-GFP Mice to the MHC Locus
Authors: Liu Shanrun , Lockhart Jonathan R. , Fontenard Suean , Berlett Mike , Ryan Thomas M.
Published: March 2020

GFP is frequently used as a marker for tracking donor cells adoptively transplanted into recipient animals. The human ubiquitin C promoter (UBC)–driven-GFP transgenic mouse is a commonly used source of donor cells for this purpose. This mouse was initially generated in the C57BL/6 inbred strain and has been backcrossed into the BALB/cBy strain for over 11 generations. Both the C57BL/6 inbred and BALB/cBy congenic UBC-GFP lines are commercially available and have been widely distributed. These UBC-GFP lines can be a convenient resource for tracking donor cells in both syngenic MHC-matched and in allogenic MHC-mismatched studies as C57BL/6 (H-2b) and BALB/cBy (H-2d) have disparate MHC haplotypes. In this report, we surprisingly discover that the UBC-GFP BALB/cBy congenic mice still retain the H-2b MHC haplotype of their original C57BL/6 founder, suggesting that the UBC-GFP transgene integration site is closely linked to the MHC locus on chromosome 17. Using linear amplification–mediated PCR, we successfully map the UBC-GFP transgene to the MHC locus. This study highlights the importance and urgency of mapping the transgene integration site of transgenic mouse strains used in biomedical research. Furthermore, this study raises the possibility of alternative interpretations of previous studies using congenic UBC-GFP mice and focuses attention on the necessity for rigor and reproducibility in scientific research.
Cutting Edge: Activation-Induced Iron Flux Controls CD4 T Cell Proliferation by Promoting Proper IL-2R Signaling and Mitochondrial Function
Authors: Yarosz Emily L. , Ye Chenxian , Kumar Ajay , Black Chauna , Choi Eun-Kyung , Seo Young-Ah , Chang Cheong-Hee
Published: March 2020

Iron has long been established as a critical mediator of T cell development and proliferation. However, the mechanisms by which iron controls CD4 T cell activation and expansion remain poorly understood. In this study, we show that stimulation of CD4 T cells from C57BL/6 mice not only decreases total and labile iron levels but also leads to changes in the expression of iron homeostatic machinery. Additionally, restraining iron availability in vitro severely inhibited CD4 T cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. Although modulating cellular iron levels increased IL-2 production by activated T lymphocytes, CD25 expression and pSTAT5 levels were decreased, indicating that iron is necessary for IL-2R–mediated signaling. We also found that iron deprivation during T cell stimulation negatively impacts mitochondrial function, which can be reversed by iron supplementation. In all, we show that iron contributes to activation-induced T cell expansion by positively regulating IL-2R signaling and mitochondrial function.
A comprehensive earthquake catalogue for southwestern Alberta, between 2004 and 2015
Authors: Huang G D , Kao H , Gu Y
J
Published: March 2020

We revisited seismic data recorded from 2004/05 to 2015/01 by regional seismic networks in western Alberta, with the intention of establishing the most comprehensive earthquake catalogue that the data allow. We use a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) based algorithm to
detect earthquake signals, locate the events with a grid-search method, and determine the moment magnitude from time-domain inversion of the observed amplitudes. Our final catalogue contains a total of 306 earthquakes, of which 60 events are missing from routine earthquake monitoring by both Natural
Resources Canada (NRCan) and Alberta Geological Survey (AGS). The 306 earthquakes can be roughly grouped into 5 tightly concentrated clusters; several tens of which are, however, broadly distributed in the region. While some of the clusters identified by this study have been studied previously, a
potential induced seismicity cluster located at close range to station PER is newly discovered through our analysis.
Die werking van die quadriceps-spier en ’n funksionale benadering totsy heropleiding
Authors: Davids L. M.
Published: March 2020

No abstract available.
An observational study to determine the sensitizing potential of orthopedic implants
Authors: Shanmugham Haridaran Anand , Handa Sanjeev , De Dipankar , Dhillon Mandeep Singh , Aggarwal Sameer
Published: March 2020

Introduction:

Patients who receive orthopedic implants have been shown to develop sensitivity to its components and there are concerns that this sensitivity might lead to contact dermatitis or implant-related problems like loosening and/or failure. The objective of the study was to determine the sensitizing potential of orthopedic implants.

Methods:

Fifty-four patients undergoing knee, hip, or shoulder replacement surgeries between July 2014 and July 2015 were recruited. Patch tests were performed before the implant surgery with 10 allergens likely to be implicated in metal hypersensitivity. Postimplant patch test was performed 6 months after surgery. A majority of the patch tests were applied on the arms.

Results:

Four positive reactions were recorded in the preimplant patch tests – three positive reactions to nickel and one to chromium. Thirty patients made themselves available for the follow-up patch test. The incidence of new contact sensitivity to components of implants was 13.8% (4/29) at 6 months. One patient who had undergone knee replacement developed eczematous lesions around the knee joint after surgery. This patient tested negative to patch test at both the times.

Limitations:

Short follow-up duration and performing patch tests on the arms, a site known to elicit less positive patch test response compared to the back in sensitized individuals, are limitations of the study. Conclusion: There is an increase in the sensitivity to implanted components after 6 months of joint replacement surgery. The incidence of new sensitivity to a component of the implant was 13.8% (4/29). In this context, nickel is a good sensitizer and could sensitize 50% of patients who received a nickel-containing implant.
A robust clustering algorithm for analysis of composition-dependent organic aerosol thermal desorption measurements
Authors: Li Ziyue , D'Ambro Emma L. , Schobesberger Siegfried , Gaston Cassandra J. , Lopez-Hilfiker Felipe D. , Liu Jiumeng , Shilling John E. , Thornton Joel A. , Cappa Christopher D.
Published: March 2020

Abstract. One of the challenges of understanding atmospheric organic aerosol (OA)
particles stems from its complex composition. Mass spectrometry is commonly
used to characterize the compositional variability of OA. Clustering of a
mass spectral dataset helps identify components that exhibit similar
behavior or have similar properties, facilitating understanding of sources
and processes that govern compositional variability. Here, we developed an
algorithm for clustering mass spectra, the noise-sorted scanning clustering
(NSSC), appropriate for application to thermal desorption measurements of
collected OA particles from the Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsols coupled
to a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (FIGAERO-CIMS). NSSC, which
extends the common density-based special clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) algorithm, provides a robust, reproducible
analysis of the FIGAERO temperature-dependent mass spectral data. The NSSC
allows for the determination of thermal profiles for compositionally distinct
clusters of mass spectra, increasing the accessibility and enhancing the
interpretation of FIGAERO data. Applications of NSSC to several laboratory
biogenic secondary organic aerosol (BSOA) systems demonstrate the ability of
NSSC to distinguish different types of thermal behaviors for the components
comprising the particles along with the relative mass contributions and
chemical properties (e.g., average molecular formula) of each mass spectral
cluster. For each of the systems examined, more than 80 % of the total
mass is clustered into 9–13 mass spectral clusters. Comparison of the
average thermograms of the mass spectral clusters between systems indicates
some commonality in terms of the thermal properties of different BSOA,
although with some system-specific behavior. Application of NSSC to sets of
experiments in which one experimental parameter, such as the concentration
of NO, is varied demonstrates the potential for mass spectral clustering to
elucidate the chemical factors that drive changes in the thermal properties
of OA particles. Further quantitative interpretation of the thermograms of
the mass spectral clusters will allow for a more comprehensive understanding
of the thermochemical properties of OA particles.
Sensitivity Analysis of the Surface Ozone and Fine Particulate Matter to Meteorological Parameters in China
Authors: Shi Zhihao , Huang Lin , Li Jingyi , Ying Qi , Zhang Hongliang , Hu Jianlin
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Meteorological conditions play important roles in the formation of ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5). China has been suffering from serious regional air pollution problems, characterized by high concentrations of surface O3 and PM2.5. In this study, the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model was used to quantify the sensitivity of surface O3 and PM2.5 to key meteorological parameters in different regions of China. Six meteorological parameters were perturbed to create different meteorological conditions, including temperature (T), wind speed (WS), absolute humidity (AH), planetary boundary layer height (PBLH), cloud liquid water content (CLW) and precipitation (PCP). Air quality simulations under the perturbed meteorological conditions were conducted in China in January and July of 2013. The changes in O3 and PM2.5 concentrations due to individual meteorological parameters were then quantified. T has the greatest impact on the daily maximum 8-h average O3 (O3-8 h) concentrations, which leads to O3-8 h increases by 1.7 ppb K−1 in January in Chongqing and 1.1 ppb K−1 in July in Beijing. WS, AH, and PBLH have a smaller but notable influence on O3-8 h with maximum change rates of 0.3, −0.15, and 0.14 ppb %−1, respectively. T, WS, AH, and PBLH have important effects on PM2.5 formation of in both January and July. In general, PM2.5 sensitivities are negative to T, WS, and PBLH and positive to AH in most regions of China. The sensitivities in January are much larger than in July. PM2.5 sensitivity to T, WS, PBLH, and AH in January can be up to −5 μg m−3 K−1, −3 μg m3 %−1, −1 g m−3, and +0.6 μg m−3 %−1, respectively, and in July can be up to −2 μg m−3 K−1, −0.4 μg m−3 %−1, −0.14 μg m−3 %−1, and +0.3 μg m−3 %−1, respectively. Other meteorological factors (CLW and PCP) have negligible effects on O3-8 h (less than 0.01 ppb %−1) and PM2.5 (less than 0.01 μg m−3 %−1). The results suggest that surface O3 and PM2.5 concentrations can change significantly due to changes in meteorological parameters and it is necessary to consider these effects when developing emission control strategies in different regions of China.
Stable isotopes track the ecological and biogeochemical legacy of mass mangrove forest dieback in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia
Authors: Harada Yota , Connolly Rod M. , Fry Brian , Maher Damien T. , Sippo James Z. , Jeffrey Luke C. , Bourke Adam J. , Lee Shing Yip
Published: March 2020

Abstract. A combination of elemental analysis and stable isotope analysis (SIA) was used to assess and monitor C, N and S cycling of a mangrove ecosystem that suffered mass dieback of trees in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia in 2015–16, attributed to an extreme drought event. Three field campaigns were conducted over a period from 2016 to 2018, at 8, 20 and 32 months after the event. Samples including invertebrates, mangroves, and sediment were analysed for CNS elemental and isotopic compositions including compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) of amino acid carbon. Samples collected from the impacted ecosystem were enriched in 13C, 15N and 34S relative to those from an adjacent unimpacted reference ecosystem, likely indicating lower mangrove carbon fixation, lower nitrogen fixation and lower sulfate reduction in the impacted ecosystem. For example, invertebrates representing the feeding types of grazing, leaf feeding, and algae feeding were more 13C enriched at the impacted site, by 1.7–4.1 ‰ and these differences did not change over the period from 2016 to 2018. The CSIA data indicated widespread 13C enrichment across five essential amino acids and all groups sampled (except filter feeders) within the impacted site. Mangrove seedling and sapling populations increased substantially from 2016 to 2018 in the impacted forest, suggesting recovery of the mangrove vegetation. Recovery of CNS cycling, however, was not evident even after 32 months, suggesting a biogeochemical legacy of the mortality event. Continued monitoring of the post-dieback forest would help to predict the long-term trajectory of ecosystem recovery. In such long-term monitoring programs, SIA that can track biogeochemical changes over time can help to detect underlying biological mechanisms that drive changes and recovery of the mangrove ecosystem. To gain further insight, our use of CSIA can help show feeding dependencies in mangrove food webs and their response to disturbances.
Increasing the Number of Women Mediators in Peacemaking Initiatives
Authors: Fritz Jan Marie
Published: March 2020

Mediation refers to one or more individuals facilitating a negotiation among disputants to help them try to resolve, to their satisfaction, an issue or issues of concern. There is increasing interest in using mediation in a wide variety of circumstances (e.g., divorce, child custody, family disagreements, small claims issues, business matters, community problems, environmental issues and intrastate violent conflicts). Although professional women mediators in many countries are often involved in certain kinds of mediations as mediators or as members of mediation teams, this is not always the case. Examined here is the fact that few women mediators are involved as lead mediators or members of mediation teams in conflict zones - areas that are often large, involve complex issues and have been, or continue to be, violent. This article first discusses the concepts of inclusive peacebuilding and inclusive peacemaking. This is followed by a short discussion about mediation, and then further information is provided about women mediators. Finally, suggestions are made to increase the number of women mediators in complex, large-scale conflicts.
Algorithmic extremism: Examining YouTube's rabbit hole of radicalization
Authors: Ledwich Mark , Zaitsev Anna
Published: March 2020

The role that YouTube and its behind-the-scenes recommendation algorithm plays in encouraging online radicalization has been suggested by both journalists and academics alike. This study directly quantifies these claims by examining the role that YouTube’s algorithm plays in suggesting radicalized content. After categorizing nearly 800 political channels, we were able to differentiate between political schemas in order to analyze the algorithm traffic flows out and between each group. After conducting a detailed analysis of recommendations received by each channel type, we refute the popular radicalization claims. On the contrary, these data suggest that YouTube’s recommendation algorithm actively discourages viewers from visiting radicalizing or extremist content. Instead, the algorithm is shown to favor mainstream media and cable news content over independent YouTube channels with a slant towards left-leaning or politically neutral channels. Our study thus suggests that YouTube’s recommendation algorithm fails to promote inflammatory or radicalized content, as previously claimed by several outlets.
Children using electronic sensors to create and use knowledge on environmental health
Authors: Silva Maria João
Published: March 2020

The Eco-sensors4Health Project (Eco-sensors for health: Supporting children to create eco-healthy schools) is centered on the use of electronic sensors by children to become agents in the creation of healthy and sustainable environments in schools. In this Project, the environmental health data, acquired by children with the sensors, with tablets or mobile phones, is managed with the support of a collaborative platform that allows entering, searching and visualizing data of the different schools. The Eco-sensors4Health Toolkit is a guide to the implementation of the environmental health activities in schools, which include the exploratory sensorial tasks, the environmental data acquisition, organization and interpretation, and the decision making to improve schools’ environmental health. The iterative development processes of the Eco-sensors4Health Platform and Toolkit are presented in this paper as well as illustrative results of its uses in different schools. Those results indicate that the use of sensors by children in the context of authentic environmental health activities makes it possible to children to create and apply knowledge to solve schools’ environmental health problems.
The Translation of the Arabic Descriptive Words That are Derived From the Names of Animals Used to Give Adjectives for Human Beings or Describe Their Behaviors - Case Study: Students at The University of Jordan / Amman
Authors: Abu Faraj Bushra
Published: March 2020

Arabic language is a rich language; it is full of different expressions and idioms. Some parts of speech like nouns could be used for many other purposes (e.g. adjectives). Many descriptive words in Arabic are derived from the names of animals to give adjectives for human beings or to describe their behaviors. This study aims to translate these words by transforming the correct meaning in the Arabic culture. A case study is made with students of translation class at The University of Jordan/ Amman. They were asked to translate ten sentences; each of which contains a name of an animal that is used to give an adjective for humans or describe their behaviors. Some of these words (expressions or idioms) have equivalences in English so that, they are easy to be translated. Others have no equivalences in English, so the students need to look for the correct meanings these words indicate in the Arabic culture. Literal translations for these words are not accepted at all because no message could be delivered in this case.
Investigating the Extent of Compliance With State Public Procurement Law: Lagos State as an Example
Authors: Sehinde BENSON Kunle , Olaniyi ADEOYE Julius
Published: March 2020

Implementation of State public procurement law has been one of the task assignments on project execution in Lagos State. However, little or no emphasis has been placed on the extent of its compliance. This study attempted to investigate the extent to which State public procurement law using Lagos State. It showed that the policy objective of efficiency, probity, and openness among the various procuring entities has to a large extent being achieved, though with various challenges undermining the implementation of public procurement policy, which needs prompt consideration. It employed both quantitative and qualitative data. In respect to quantitative data, a study population of 1, 401 comprised staff members on GL. 07-17 in the following Ministries: Housing, Finance as well as Works and Infrastructures. A sample size of 15% representing 210 respondents was used to represent the study universe. On the other hand, the qualitative data were drawn from the interview analysis. Conclusively, there is statistically significant relationship between compliance with Lagos State Public Procurement Law variant (openness and efficiency) and procuring entities.
XP- and X0-movement in the Latin verb: Evidence from mirroring and anti-mirroring
Authors: Zyman Erik , Kalivoda Nick
Published: March 2020

Latin verbs appear to both obey and disobey the Mirror Generalization (Baker 1985), albeit in different inflectional forms (Cinque 1999). Given the importance of the Mirror Generalization to morphosyntactic theorizing, this situation deserves scrutiny. We develop an analysis on which all Latin finite verbs, whether mirroring or anti-mirroring, share a single, simple, virtually invariant derivation, involving one step of head movement (Asp to T) and one step of phrasal movement (vP to [Spec,TP]). On this analysis, the Mirror Generalization is valid for Latin, despite appearances, but it is crucially about structures formed by operations on heads: phrasal movement can give rise to apparent violations of it (Myler 2017). The analysis extends readily to nonfinite forms, solving an anti-mirroring paradox arising among the participles. It also makes correct syntactic predictions. When the verb word is a constituent, it is a TP, and the analysis correctly predicts that it should move as a phrase, not as a head. The analysis also makes correct predictions about the positions of vP-adjuncts, and is fully compatible with what is known about leftward argument movement out of vP. Finally, unlike two competing analyses (Embick 2000; Calabrese 2019), it accounts for anti-mirroring in Latin without any stipulations placing passive Voice in an unexpectedly peripheral position within the verb word. The larger picture that emerges is one in which phonological words need not correspond to syntactic constituents, but can instead be reflexes of linearly contiguous series of morphemes suspended across potentially vast regions of syntactic space (Julien 2002).
Tendencia económica y formación del ciudadano católico: El Salvador, 1860-1869
Authors: Escobar Baños Juan Carlos
Published: March 2020

Agricultura, expansión económica y enriquecimiento de la élite es una trilogía que determinó el comportamiento de la política y desarrollo de la educación entre 1860 y 1869. La conformación del Estado salvadoreño, en especial, la sustitución paulatina del añil por el café, declarada por Gerardo Barrios y diseminada por Dueñas, la formación de ciudadanos capaces de comprender esta dinámica de desarrollo y el control de la mano de obra son, entre otras cosas, características de una época marcada por el declive económico, la inestabilidad legislativa y la protección de la propiedad privada vista como exportación; lo que equivale a decir, que la sociedad salvadoreña, por su misma peculiaridad, institucionalizó el trabajo forzoso (en especial los indígenas y mulatos) y consolidó el privilegio de caudillos (liberales y conservadores) mediante el control de los medios de producción y la dirección de las estructuras políticas.
Matriz de contenidos y ejes transversales para la educación artística (Propuesta de trabajo)
Authors: Valle Contreras Marta Eugenia
Published: March 2020

La asignatura de Educación Artística es una oportunidad potente en el currículo nacional para favorecer una educación integral e integradora. Aquí se adelanta, tomada de una experiencia reciente de formación docente en educación artística, una herramienta que ayuda al docente a transversalizar los contenidos de dicha asignatura en la enseñanza básica. En esta matriz de referencia para el docente, la herramienta retoma los contenidos de artes visuales incluidos en el Programa de Estudios de la asignatura de Educación Artística, aquellos otros ejes transversales que forman parte del currículo y otras convenciones internacionales, como por ejemplo los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible 2030 (ONU) y también retoma los contenidos de las otras asignaturas de los Programas de Estudio de Primero y Sexto Grado que sugieren rutas para la transversalización de la asignatura de Educación Artística en el currículo de enseñanza básica.
Post-fire recovery of ecosystem carbon pools in a tropical mixed pine-hardwood forest
Authors: Quintero-Gradilla Shatya Devi , Martínez-Yrizar Angelina , García-Oliva Felipe , Cuevas-Guzmán Ramón , Jardel-Peláez José Enrique
Published: March 2020

Aim of the study: To analyze the recovery pattern of carbon pools in terms of size and the relative contribution of each pool to total ecosystem C along a fire chronosequence of tropical mixed pine-hardwood forest.Area of the study: Las Joyas Research Station (LJRS), core zone of Sierra de Manantlán Biosphere Reserve (SMBR) in the state of Jalisco, central western Mexico.Materials and methods: Carbon stored in aboveground plant biomass, standing dead trees, downed woody debris, forest floor, fine roots and mineral soil, was compared with a nested analysis of variance (ANOVA) in post-fire stands of eight-year-old, 28- and 60-year-old stands of mixed Pinus douglasiana-hardwood forest.Main results: The total ecosystem carbon in eight-year-old stands was 50% lower than that of 60-year-old stands. Carbon content in the biomass and mineral soil increased with stand age. The carbon in the biomass recovered to the undisturbed forest in the 28 years of succession. The main C storage in the eight-year-old stands were the mineral soil (64%) and downed woody debris (18%), while in the 28- and 60-year-old stands, live tree biomass and mineral soil were the two largest components of the total C pool (43% and 46%, respectively).Research highlights: We found a significant effect of high-severity fire events on ecosystem C storage and a shift in carbon distribution. The relatively fast recovery of C in ecosystem biomass suggests that mixed Pinus douglasiana hardwood forest possess functional traits that confer resilience to severe ﬁre events.Key words: chronosequence; carbon dynamics; mineral soil; Pinus douglasiana; fire effects.Abbreviations used: LJRS, Las Joyas Research Station; DBH, diameter at breast height; DL, duff layer; LL, litter layer; DWD, downed woody debris; ANOVA, analysis of variance; CO2, carbon dioxide; SMBR, Sierra de Manantlán Biosphere Reserve; C, carbon. AGV, above ground vegetation.
Investigation of Mental Toughness Levels of Individuals Who Actively Do Sports: A Sample of the City of Elazig
Authors: Kilic Yakup , Yildirim Eyyup
Published: March 2020

The aim of this study is to investigate the mental toughness levels of individuals who actively do sports in the face of events they face during sportive performances. Mental toughness is among the psychological characteristics to achieve the highest performance by athletes and coaches. Mental toughness is also important in terms of evaluating the performances of athletes and support their development. The population of the study consisted of individuals who actively do sports in the city of Elazig while the sample of the study consisted of 156 active athletes, who were chosen by the simple random sampling method. As the data collection tools, the personal information form, which was created by the researchers, and the Mental Toughness Scale (MTS), which was developed by Madrigal et al. (2013) and adapted into Turkish by Nevzat Erdogan by 2016, were used. In conclusion, of the athletes who participated in the study, it was observed that male athletes had higher levels of mental toughness compared to female athletes according to the gender variable. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed in terms of the variables of marital status, age, educational status, sports experience and sports branch.
PRAWO DO PRYWATNOŚCI JAKO ELEMENT
STANDARDÓW OPIEKI MEDYCZNEJ ORAZ
DECYDOWANIA PRZEZ WIĘŹNIÓW O WYBORZE
SPOSOBU LECZENIA NA PODSTAWIE ANALIZ ORAZ
WYNIKÓW BADAŃ WŁASNYCH NA PRZYKŁADZIE
ZAKŁADU KARNEGO W GARBALINIE
Authors: Ryter Erwin
Published: March 2020

Przedmiotem artykułu jest ustalenie, czy w związku z wykonywaniem na
rzecz osadzonych świadczeń medycznych, dochodzi do naruszenia sfery ich
prywatności, a jeśli tak, to w jakim zakresie oraz na jaką skalę. Autor publikacji
podjął się realizacji badań ankietowych wśród osadzonych mężczyzn
odbywających karę pozbawienia wolności po raz pierwszy w Zakładzie Karnym
w Garbalinie.
Analiza uzyskanych wyników miała pomóc w ustaleniu kluczowych aspektów,
co do których możliwe będzie wysnucie określonych postulatów oraz
ewentualnych zmian. W części teoretycznej artykułu autor odniósł się do najbardziej istotnych regulacji prawnych w przedmiocie zasad regulujących zachowanie
wśród osadzonych prawa do prywatności, w kontekście obowiązujących
standardów związanych z praktyczną realizacją kary pozbawienia wolności,
jak również zwrócił uwagę na wyłączenia prawa do decydowania o swoim
leczeniu w stosunku do określonych grup skazanych. Natomiast część praktyczna
artykułu skupia się na analizie wyników przeprowadzonych badań oraz
najbardziej interesujących wnioskach.