bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adoption of Robotic Liver, Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery in Singapore: A Single Institution Experience with Its First 100 Consecutive Cases
Authors: Goh Brian K , Low Tze-Yi , Teo Jin-Yao , Lee Ser-Yee , Chan Chung-Yip , Chow Pierce K , Chung Alexander Y , Ooi LPJ
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Presently, robotic hepatopancreatobiliary surgery (RHPBS) is increasingly adopted worldwide. This study reports our experience with the first 100 consecutive cases of RHPBS in Singapore. Methods: Retrospective review of a single-institution prospective database of the first 100 consecutive RHPBS performed over 6 years from February 2013 to February 2019. Eighty-six cases were performed by a single surgeon. Results: The 100 consecutive cases included 24 isolated liver resections, 48 pancreatic surgeries (including 2 bile duct resections) and 28 biliary surgeries (including 8 with concomitant liver resections). They included 10 major hepatectomies, 15 pancreaticoduodenectomies, 6 radical resections for gallbladder carcinoma and 8 hepaticojejunostomies. The median operation time was 383 minutes, with interquartile range (IQR) of 258 minutes and there were 2 open conversions. The median blood loss was 200ml (IQR 350ml) and 15 patients required intra-operative blood transfusion. There were no post-operative 90-day nor in-hospital mortalities but 5 patients experienced major (> grade 3a) morbidities. The median post-operative stay was 6 days (IQR 5 days) and there were 12 post-operative 30-day readmissions. Comparison between the first 50 and the subsequent 50 patients demonstrated a significant reduction in blood loss, significantly lower proportion of malignant indications, and a decreasing frequency in liver resections performed. Conclusion: Our experience with the first 100 consecutive cases of RHPBS confirms its feasibility and safety when performed by experienced laparoscopic hepatopancreatobiliary surgeons. It can be performed for even highly complicated major hepatopancreatobiliary surgery with a low open conversion rate. Keywords: Biliary surgery, hepaticojejunostomy, liver resection, pancreas, pancreaticoduodenectomy
How to Feed the Critically Ill—A Review
Authors: Lew Charles CH , Ong Chengsi , Mukhopadhyay Amartya , Marshall Andrea , Arabi Yaseen M
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Number of recently published studies on nutritional support in the intensive care unit (ICU) have resulted in a paradigm shift of clinical practices. This review summarises the latest evidence in four main topics in the ICU, namely: (1) function of validated nutrition screening/assessment tools, (2) types and validity of body composition measurements, (3) optimal energy and protein goals, and (4) delivery methods. Methods: Recent studies that investigated the above aims were outlined and discussed. In addition, recent guidelines were also compared to highlight the similarities and differences in their approach to the nutrition support of critically ill patients. Results: Regardless of nutritional status and body composition, all patients with >48 hours of ICU stay are at nutrition risk and should receive individualised nutrition support. Although a recent trial did not demonstrate an advantage of indirect calorimetry over predictive equations, it was recommended that indirect calorimetry be used to set energy targets with better accuracy. Initiation of enteral nutrition (EN) within 24–48 hours was shown to be associated with improved clinical outcomes. The energy and protein goals should be achieved gradually over the first week of ICU stay. This practice should be protocolised and regularly audited as critically ill patients receive only part of their energy and protein goals. Conclusions: Metabolic demands of critically ill patients can be variable and nutrition support should be tailored to each patient. Given that many nutrition studies are on-going, we anticipate improvements in the individualisation of nutrition support in the near future. Key words: Critical care, Critical illness, Intensive care, Nutrition, Nutritional intake, Nutrition support
ESTRATEGIAS DE ENSEÑANZAS Y APRENDIZAJE EN LA EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR FRENTE AL COVID-19
Authors: Bravo Bonoso Delia Georgina
Published: December 2020

Los efectos presentes de la crisis sobre la educación superior son fáciles de documentar con acciones que ha emprendido el gobierno, para garantizar el derecho a la educación superior durante la pandemia. La falta de referencias a crisis semejantes en el pasado hace difícil poder predecir qué pueda suceder en el futuro inmediato. En el caso de los estudiantes; el impacto inmediato ha sido, obviamente, el cese temporal de las actividades presenciales de las universidades, ha dejado a los que aspiran a ingresar a la educación superior, en una situación nueva y sin una idea clara de cuánto tiempo vaya a durar con impactos  sobre su vida cotidiana, los costes soportados y sus cargas financieras y, por supuesto, la continuidad de sus aprendizajes. El profesorado sufre también importantes afectaciones en lo laboral y en lo profesional, hay que tomar en cuenta que no todas las IES tienen estrategias de continuidad de la actividad docente y, en su ausencia, los contratos temporales pueden quedar rescindidos. El personal no docente representa el sector más vulnerable en cuanto a la posible reducción de puestos de trabajo. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este artículo es generar conciencia acerca de la importancia de los cambios educativos y pedagógicos que exige el mundo de hoy y el del futuro, teniendo en cuenta los avances tecnológicos, las diferencias en intereses, formas de aprender, habilidades de las nuevas generaciones y las consecuencias medioambientales que surgen de un mundo globalizado y que cada vez agotan las posibilidades de encuentros presenciales multitudinarios.
NORMA DE CONTROL INTERNO HERRAMIENTA EN REGISTROS CONTABLES Y ORGANIZACIÓN DE EMPRESAS
Authors: López González Helen Graciela , Matute Cedeño Hugo Abel , Pinargote Vásquez Antonio Eduardo
Published: December 2020

El Control Interno proporciona seguridad razonable, absoluta referente al desarrollo correcto de los procesos administrativos y contables aplicados en entidades como lo establece la ley por ser un factor fundamental para evitar corrupción detectando fraudes. De los principios y procedimientos adoptados por la administración se lograr metas y objetivos planificados con el único fin de salvaguardar los recursos, bienes económicos, financieros, tecnológicos a través de uso eficiente y aplicado, así como políticas que se establecen en la organización evitando desembolsos no deseados y que no se justifiquen por no ofrecer una seguridad teniendo como propósito proteger los activos de la organización. La aplicación de la Norma de Control Interno apoya a la conducción que se traza toda organización de tal manera que permita el manejo adecuado de las operaciones que se realizan en la empresa con el fin de generar información confiable de forma eficiente optimizando tiempo.

El objetivo principal es elaborar al final, el diseño de un manual de control interno donde se establezcan políticas, normas, procedimientos y un reglamento de control Interno sobre los ingresos y egresos de la empresa, mejorando la información financiera puntos a seguir, la ejecución de este manual aportará beneficios necesarios. Los principales beneficiarios de este proyecto son los administradores y responsables de los bienes que se manejan en una organización. 

Su finalidad es lograr la obtención de información financiera confiable y oportuna, mediante las operaciones contables se produzcan reportes y estados financieros apropiados.
LAS CADENAS DE SUPERMERADOS Y SU INCIDENCIA EN LA GENERACIÓN DE EMPLEO DEL CANTÓN JIPIJAPA
Authors: Moran Chilan Jessenia Herminia , Álvarez Indacochea Arturo , Pibaque Pionce Maritza Sandra , Peñafiel Loor Jose Felix
Published: December 2020

En este trabajo se propuso conocer de qué forma las cadenas de supermercados influyen en la generación de empleo del cantón Jipijapa, en donde los ciudadanos tengan la oportunidad de tener un empleo estable y seguro dentro de su mismo cantón. Para obtener la información aplicamos métodos diferentes, tales como el método deductivo, inductivo y estadístico, los cuales aplicamos para obtener información de las cadenas de supermercados constituidas en el cantón Jipijapa, las cuales son tres cadenas de supermercados que ofrecen 129 plazas de empleos para los ciudadanos del cantón. Las cadenas de supermercados se han posicionado fuertemente en el cantón de Jipijapa, lo cual genera fuentes de empleos para los ciudadanos, lo cual influye mucho en la calidad de vida de los ciudadanos
LA INCIDENCIA DE LA TECNOLOGÍA DE LA INFORMACIÓN Y LA COMUNICACIÓN EN EL DESARROLLO ORGANIZACIONAL DE LAS EMPRESAS DEL CANTÓN JIPIJAPA
Authors: Salazar Ponce Erick
Published: December 2020

Actualmente la innovación tecnológica es un eje importante dentro del desarrollo empresarial, con los cuales se adoptan cambios en los diferentes departamentos mejorando la ejecución en sus procesos cotidianos. Son múltiples los beneficios que aportan las TIC’S en las diferentes áreas empresariales, siendo importante que toda entidad pública o privada se enfoque en cumplir sus metas. Es por ello, que se considera oportuno, determinar de qué manera la tecnología de la información y la comunicación incide en el desarrollo organizacional de las empresas del cantón Jipijapa. Para lo cual se aplicaron métodos de investigación como el exploratorio, analítico - sintético e inductivo – deductivo. Obteniendo como resultado que existe una mínima adquisición de estas herramientas en las empresas dedicadas a las actividades primarias y secundarias, siendo las actividades terciarias quienes han implementado en mayor medida equipos tecnológicos, por lo cual se han visto considerablemente potencializadas.
The Nexus Between Internal Investment and Economic Growth in Kenya
Authors: Kamenju Andrew K. , Olweny
Published: December 2020

Countries with a high investment GDP ratio benefit from better, competitive
products and services. Which increases capital stock for production, more
employment, and income; in turn reducing social and income disparities. The
Kenyan government envisaged a sustained economic growth of 10% by investing
in priority sectors; to become an industrialized middle-income country by the year
2030; though un-achieved to date. To examine the nexus between internal
investments and economic growth, the study used annual time-series observations
from the years 1996 to 2017; where internal investments are from the government;
private domestic; and public-private partnership; and exogenous variables were
rates of real interest; social discount; commercial lending interest; and the country
risk premium on lending for investment decisions. The inference used stationarity;
cointegration; significance; causality; variance decomposition of forecast error; and
impulse response function. Stationarity tests suited the ARDL model which also
supports small size observations. Findings were; a significant and positive influence
on economic growth from lags of real GDP, government, private domestic, except
public-private partnership investments. Anticipation for growth lies with;
significant pairwise causality (real GDP with public investment); significant block
exogeneity (public investment); endogeneity (real GDP), and exogeneity (public
investment) influence; and short-run private domestic investment recovery.
Keywords: ARDL, Economic Growth, Public Investment, Private Domestic
Investment, Public-Private Partnership Investment, Investment Decisions.
KARAKTERISTIK BATUBARA TERPENGARUH INTRUSI DI TAMBANG AIR LAYA, SUMATRA SELATAN DAN POTENSINYA SEBAGAI MATERIAL UNTUK PEMBUATAN GRAFIT SINTETIS
Authors: Arsha Maulana  , Ferian Anggara
Published: December 2020

Grafit dapat diaplikasikan dalam berbagai macam kegunaan misal sebagai material tahan panas, baterai, dan elektroda. Material grafit bisa didapat melalui grafit sintetis yang berasal dari batubara antrasit yang terpanaskan pada suhu di atas 2000ºC. Kondisi batubara yang terpanaskan secara alami dapat ditemui pada batubara yang terpengaruh intrusi batuan beku di Tambang Air Laya (TAL), Tanjung Enim, Sumatra Selatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik batubara terpengaruh intrusi batuan beku dan potensinya sebagai material untuk pembentukan grafit sintetis. Empat sampel batubara yang berasal dari 4 seam dengan jarak bervariasi terhadap intrusi diambil dan dipreparasi untuk dilakukan analisis sayatan poles, random vitrinite reflectance (Rvr), proksimat, X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD), Total Carbon (TC), Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Total Inorganic Carbon (TIC), serta analisis micro-Raman spectroscopy. Batubara terpengaruh intrusi batuan beku di lokasi penelitian mengalami kenaikan vitrinite reflectance dan kandungan fixed carbon (karbon tertambat) serta penurunan nilai moisture (kadar lengas) dan volatile matter (zat terbang) seiring berkurangnya jarak terhadap tubuh intrusi. Batubara seam A1 berperingkat low volatile bituminous coal (%Ro= 2,01%) yang memiliki jarak terdekat dengan tubuh intrusi memiliki derajat pembatubaraan dan kandungan presentase mineral tertinggi. Batubara seam A1 memiliki banyak asosiasi mineral lempung yang dijumpai seperti ilit, smektit, dan rektorit sehingga dapat meningkatkan derajat kristalinitas dalam proses pembatubaraan dan akan mempermudah pada proses pembentukan grafit sintesis dalam proses selanjutnya.
Challenges of Poultry Farming In Makurdi Benue State, North-Central Nigeria
Authors: Daniel Ojabo Leo , Rittongwe Yilji Tokshidung , Adah Okachi Ibrahim
Published: December 2020

The study assessed challenges of poultry production in Makurdi Area of Benue State, North Central Nigeria. Information on production activities, management and problems were collected from 50 poultry farmers in the study area using structured questionnaire and assessment through direct observations. The data were analyzed using tables, frequency distribution and percentages. From the analysis, the poultry enterprises are confronted with a number of constraints mitigating against their efficient operation. Majority (66%) of the poultry farms in Makurdi were of low to medium scale with flock size of < 1000 birds. The problems of low capital, high input costs, diseases and adverse weather conditions were identified in the study area. High cost of feeds and at times scarcity of layer feeds are major problems. They also identified proper marketing outlets especially for broiler sales. All these problems can be tackled by making loans/grants easily accessible by the government and encouraging farmers to organise themselves into cooperatives. By so doing their resources can be pooled together for meaningful development of their farms and the poultry industry in Benue State. Extension services should include creating awareness of the importance of biosecurity measures on farms in order to limit infections.
Effects of UV Radiation on Egg Hatching Population Growth and Reproductive Parameters of Indianmeal Moth Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Bakhshi Akram , Asghar Talebi Ali , Fathipour Yaghoub , Mirshekar Ali
Published: December 2020

In this research, three age groups of Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) eggs (1-, 2- and 3-day-old eggs) were exposed to ultraviolet irradiation (UVC) with 254nm wavelength for 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32 and 40 minutes, under controlled conditions. The effect of UVC-irradiation on reproduction and population growth parameters investigated for eggs irradiated for 0.5, 1 and 1.5 minutes. The percentage of egg hatching decreased with increase in UVC exposure time, while for each exposure time, the older eggs were more sensitive than the younger ones. The results indicated that different exposure times of UVC-irradiation could affect the reproduction and population growth parameters. The highest value of net fertility rates was observed in 1, 2 and 3-day-old eggs which were treated with 0.5 min exposure. Both the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and the net reproductive rate (R0) decreased with increasing exposure time from 0.5 to 1.5 min while the mean generation time (Tc) and doubling time (DT) increased within this irradiation range. The lowest amount of rm was obtained in 1, 2 and 3-day-old eggs which were treated with 1.5 min exposure time. The results showed that UVC-irradiation is an appropriate technique for controlling P. interpunctella.
Viabilidad de un proyecto de inversión: Fabricación de módulos caseros hidropónicos
Authors: Mendo Muñoz Rubén De La Paz , González Salas Miguel A. , Sánchez Sotelo Edith Celeste , Gutiérrez Vivanco Jordán , Nieto Rosalino Sergio Omar
Published: December 2020

En México y en el mundo se hace cada vez más evidente la problemática del sector agrícola para producir alimentos suficientes y adecuados para satisfacer las necesidades de la población, por lo que la búsqueda de alternativas que satisfagan dicha necesidad es importante. Esta investigación muestra la validación que tiene un proyecto que centra a los cultivos hidropónicos en módulos como una alternativa de innovación tecnológica para resolver el problema. Dicha innovación consiste en poder cultivar hortalizas en espacios pequeños de las casas. Estos cultivos tienen la ventaja de producir cosechas en un menor tiempo. Para la elaboración de este proyecto se utilizaron diferentes métodos para la obtención de la información que se requirió en el proyecto de páginas oficiales y finalmente el análisis económico y financiero del proyecto se desarrolló con formato de presupuestos PROFORMA
Effects of Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris on the Immune System and Reproduction of Fish
Authors: Joshua Wizilla Janti , Zulperi Zarirah
Published: December 2020

This review briefly highlights previous studies on the effects of Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris on the health and reproduction of fish. These microalgae have diverse potentials. This study can be used as a stepping stone in advancing the aquafeed industry by formulating microalgae-based feeds. It can be made to specifically enhanced the health status of fish and its reproductive system through the supplementation and/or replacement of fishmeal or other plant proteins such as soybean meal. Hence, it could be more sustainable than depending on natural fish stocks. The usage of antibiotics and vaccines to solve the issue of disease outbreak in aquaculture, as well as the usage of hormones for the growth and reproduction of fish, can also be replaced by the usage of S. platensis and C. vulgaris. The inclusion of these microalgae in fish feed has affected hemathological parameters and survival in fish as it boosts the numbers of white and red blood cells and thus affecting the immunity-stimulating capacity in fish. Besides, these microalgae also affect the fecundity and survival of fish eggs and thus directly affecting the reproduction performance of fish. Spirulina platensis affects eggs production and survival in fish whereas C. vulgaris enhances oxidative stress that affects the reproduction of White rabbits. This review aimed to deliver the results on the research of S. platensis and C. vulgaris on the immunity and reproduction of various fish species.
CMA Channel Equalization Through An Adaptive MMSE Equalizer Based RLS Algorithm
Authors: Saikumar Tara , Smitha B. , Murthy P. S.
Published: December 2020

The adaptive algorithm has been widely used in the digital signal processing like channel estimation, channel equalization, echo cancellation, and so on. One of the most important adaptive algorithms is the RLS algorithm. We present in this paper n multiple objective optimization approach to fast blind channel equalization. By investigating first the performance (mean-square error) of the standard fractionally spaced CMA (constant modulus algorithm) equalizer in the presence of noise, we show that CMA local minima exist near the minimum mean-square error (MMSE) equalizers. Consequently, CMA may converge to a local minimum corresponding to a poorly designed MMSE receiver with considerable large mean-square error. The step size in the RLS algorithm decides both the convergence speed and the residual error level, the highest speed of convergence and residual error level.
Evaluating Students Attitude and their Academic Performance on Social Media: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Jayaseelan R. , Pichandy C. , Boobalakrishnan N.
Published: December 2020

Information and Communication technology has played a vital role in various aspects of our life. In our present study, we focus on the impact of ICT in communication, education and learning. ICT ushers with both negative and positive impacts on the life of humans. It influences students’ knowledge, attitude and skill. ICT promotes a learning environment, among teachers and students, by providing virtual space and experience, mediated through technology. Smart classroom induces interest, elicits students’ attention, elevates their understanding capacity, grasping skills and memory, with the help of multimedia teaching aids. It brings focus to the topic. In this fast-moving technology mediated world, usage of mobile phones and social media has become inexorable. The global phenomenon—anytime, anywhere learning—is made possible because of the ubiquity of smartphones. With traditional classroom learning on one side, social media platforms, on the other side, are providing virtual spaces for unconventional and collaborative learning. Students choose such technologies as supportive alternatives for their academic-intended communication with teachers and peers. Through this study, the researchers aim to measure the attitude of college students towards social media and the related influence on their academic performance, with reference to Coimbatore region. A survey was conducted among 507 college students from Coimbatore, chosen through a multistage stratified random sampling technique. The demographic variables—including age, gender and educational qualification and the dependent variables—included Academic performance, Time spent on social media per day, Time spent on social media during weekdays, Time spent on social media during weekends. Further result states that there is sizeable relationship between the employed social media attitude variables and the academic performance of the students, and no relationship with the time spent on social media. However, it was found that among social media attitudes, addictiveness and communication are the best predictors of academic performance.
Integrated Inventory Management Control Framework
Authors: Ganesh H.R. , Aithal P. S. , Kirubadevi P.
Published: December 2020

The concept of minimum display quantity (MDQ) is unavoidable in brick-and-mortar retailing format owing to which, retailers need to ensure a minimum level of inventory displayed at each store irrespective of the revenue or inventory turns generated by a particular store. It is observed that majority of bricks-and-mortar retailers in India assume;(a) existing inventory management system is ideal to their store, (b) software solutions record accurate inventory movement, (c) involving store management team in inventory related decision making is risky/biased and most importantly (d) loss of sale due to stockouts is inevitable. Such assumptions and widely followed practice have created a predisposition and mindset in store managers and they believe that their store delivers revenue and profit to the best of its potential with the inventory which is made available to them through existing inventory management system and we cannot avoid a number of instances consumers are unsatisfied due to stockout situations. In this research, we have analysed the existing decision-making process and control systems related to inventory management of a select retailer, attempted to design a new framework and applied the same through an experiment to evaluate the change in (a) overall store profitability and (b) inventory related key performance indicators.
Utbildningens mellanrum
Authors: Frelin Anneli
Published: December 2020

The in-betweens of education highlight the relational and spatial dimensions of education, which have been the focus of most of my research. Recognizing the relational nature of both educational and research undertakings, I begin by developing a stance in the field of Didaktik, also known as curriculum studies. Having initially studied teachers’ relational professionality, my present research interest is educational environments. These have been analyzed using aspects of physical, conceived and social space, and from the perspective of schools as dynamic and open ecosystems. Here, a selection of contributions to the growing research field of learning environments is introduced, including theoretical and empirically grounded concepts. In the final section, I outline some of the emerging tendencies in the field and give examples of ongoing collaborations and research.
MEGUKUR PROFESIONALITAS KINERJA GURU MELALUI PROGRAM PROFESI GURU DALAM JABATAN (PPG-DALJAB)
Authors: Riyad Muhamad , Munakib
Published: December 2020

Artikel ini berusaha untuk memahami, sejauh mana profesionalisme guru sekolah berkontribusi untuk merumuskan rencana strategis untuk mengangkat kinerja Guru. Wilayah penelitian kami adalah Guru Sekolah Dasar di Ciampea Kabupaten Bogor; tetangga terdekat Jakarta, Indonesia. Data dikumpulkan berdasarkan angket yang disebar. Hasilnya, semua komponen bagus, kecuali komponen "Input". Lebih khusus lagi, "Konteks" dikategorikan sebagai "baik" dengan skor 80%. Ini terdiri dari kebijakan, analisis penilaian, dan tujuan program Pendidikan Profesi Guru. Sementara itu, komponen "Input" yang meliputi strategi, struktur, program dan perencanaan, prosedur/ mekanisme, dukungan infrastruktur, dukungan sumber daya manusia, dukungan dana / anggaran, pemantauan, dan kontrol, menerima kategori "sedang", dengan skor 50 %. Nilai komponen "Proses", yaitu, program sosialisasi, pemilihan file, penentuan pola sertifikasi dan pembayaran tunjangan profesional diberi skor 70% dan "Produk 80%
DAMPAK PEMBUATAN RENCANA PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN TERHADAP KINERJA GURU MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH DI KKMI KECAMATAN CIBUNGBULANG KAB. BOGOR
Authors: Anas Azwar
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) Pengertian/pemahaman Pembuatan RPP terhadap Kinerja Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. (2) sejauh mana pengaruh RPP terhadap Kinerja Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. (3) Faktor-faktor pendukung dan penghambat dalam pembuatan rencana pelakanaan pembelajar. Dalam penelitian ini, metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif, yaitu metode yang hanya mengumpulkan data, tetapi disertai dengan pengolahan, penapsiran dan penarikan kesimpulan berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dan metoda kuantitatrif, yaitu penekanan mencari satu korelasi dengan maksud untuk melihat hubungan antara variabel dan mengukur besar erat hubungan variabel tersebut. Variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini variabel (X) dikenal dengan variabel terikat dan variabel (Y) dikenal pula dengan variabel bebas. Variabel (X) dalam penelitian ini adalah Dampak Pembuatan Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP) dan Variabel (Y) adalah Kinerja Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. Berdasarkan penelitian Pembuatan Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran  yang melibatkan 34 orang responden melalui penyebaran angket sebagai sumber data penelitian diperoleh skor tertinggi (200) dan skor terendah (141) serta rata-rata skor (mean) (170,76), dan simpangan baku (standar deviasi) (18,69) dapat dinyatakan merata. Dari perhitungan yang dilakukan terhadap jawaban responden, dinyatakan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara variabel variabel X (Pembuatan Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran ) dengan variabel Y (Kinerja Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah ), yang diindikasikan oleh :

Nilai rhitung sebesar 0,973 yang dikonsultasikan dengan rtabel dengan taraf nyata 0,05 sebesar 0,361. Hal ini menunjukkan HO ditolak; H1 diterima yang berarti terdapat pengaruh yang sangat tinggi antara variabel X (Pembuatan Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran ) dengan variabel Y (Kinerja Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah  ).

Nilai thitung sebesar 9,629 lebih besar dari nilai ttabel 2,05 berarti H1 = P > 0 : diterima, HO = P = 0 : ditolak, dimana thitung > ttabel.

Harga koefisien determinasi yang diperoleh yaitu sebesar 76,8% berarti besarnya pengaruh antara variabel X (Pembuatan Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran ) dengan 94,8%. Sedangkan sisanya 5,2% merupakan pengaruh dari faktor-faktor lain.

Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa salah satu faktor keberhasilan kinerja Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah KKMI Cibungbulang  Bogor adalah dengan cara membuat Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP) Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, maka RPP sangat dibutuhkan dan dominan dalam meningkatkan kinerja guru madrasah
فعالية طريقة التعليم خارج الفصل لترقية تحصيل دراسة اللغة العربية للتلميذات فى المدرسة الثانوية بمعهد أم القرى الإسلامي بوغور
Authors: Abrar Muhammad , Asriani
Published: December 2020

أهداف هذا البحث لمعرفة تحصيل دراسة اللغة العربية طريقة التعليم خارج الفصل فعال لترقية تحصيل دراسة اللغة العربية للتلميذات فى المدرسة الثانوية بمعهد أم القرى الإسلامي بوغور قبل تطبيق طريقة التعليم خارج الفصل. واستنادا إلى تحصيل التحليل الإحصائي الوصفي على اهتمام الموضوعات البحثية بما يصل إلى 32 شخصا، حصلوا على تحصيل الدراسة من المتعلمين قبل تطبيق طريقة التعليم خارج الفصل هناك 8 تلميذا (25 %) هم في فئة منخفضة جدّا، 5 تلميذا (15,63 %) هم في فئة منخفضة، 5 تلميذا (15,63 %) هم في فئة كافة، 4 تلميذا (12,5%) هم في فئة متوسطة، 7 تلميذا (21,88 %) في فئة جيّدة، و 3 تلميذا (9,38%) في فئة ممتازة. في حين إصابة تحصيل الدراسة لدى تلميذا بعد تطبيق طريقة التعليم خارج الفصل حيث يوجد 11 تلميذا (34,38 %) هم في فئة منخفضة جدّا، 3 تلميذا (9,38 %) هم في فئة منخفضة، 5 تلميذا (15,63 %) هم في فئة كافة، 4 تلميذا (12,5 %) هم في فئة  متوسطة، 5 تلميذا (15,63 %) في فئة جيّدة، و 4 تلميذا (12,5 %) في فئة ممتازة. تحصيل  التحليل على الاختبار الإحصائي الاستدلالي هي  لاختبار t، تم الحصول على تونكت من 10,22في حين أن قيمة تابل من 2,042 . وهكذا، يمكن استنتاج أن tعدد > tجدول أي 10,22 >2,042 . ثم يتم رفض H0 ويتم قبول H1
PENGARUH ZAKAT TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI INDONESIA TAHUN 2007-2018
Authors: Roisyatin  , Jamaludin
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini memiliki dua pertanyaan inti yang dijawab dalam sebuah analisis deskriptif. Pertama, apakah penyaluran dana zakat berpengaruh terhadap pendapatan nasional Indonesia. Kedua, apakah penyaluran dana zakat kepada masyarakat mustahiq di Indonesia berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif yang mendeskripsikan fenomena-fenomena berdasarkan fakta data yang diambil dari data sekunder yang dirilis dari sasaran penelitian. Teknik penelitian yang dilakukan adalah dengan melakukan observasi mengumpulkan sumber data penelitian berupa data sekunder nominal dana penyaluran zakat dari rilis yang dipublikasikan melalui website resmi BAZNAS dan pertumbuhan ekonomi Inonesia dengan indikator PDB dari rilis yang dipublikasikan melalui website resmi BPS. Hasil analisis dikemukakan nilai konstanta 171,926 dan mempunyai koefisien regresi sebesar 0,591 menunjukkan bila faktor dana zakat bernilai 0 (konstan), maka PDB sebesar =0,591. Ini menunjukkan angka positif yang artinya bahwa setiap peningkatan penerimaan dana zakat sebesar 1%, maka akan terjadi perubahan PDB sebesar =0,591. Hal ini disebabkan karena zakat yang diberikan berpengaruh terhadap pendapatan masyarakat yang menerimanya sehingga dapat meningkatkan pendapatan skala nasional (PDB) yang pada akhirnya dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia. Diketahui juga bahwa koefisien korelasi (R) = 0,591 atau 59,1% yang menunjukan bahwa derajat hubungan (korelasi) antara variabel bebas (dana zakat) dengan variabel terikat pertumbuhan ekonomi (PDB) memiliki hubungan (korelasi). Koefisien determinasi (R2) diketahui sebesar = 0,329 atau 32,9%, artinya variabel terikat (PDB) dapat dipengaruhi sebesar 32,9% oleh dana zakat, dan sisanya sebesar 67,1% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak termasuk dalam penelitian ini. Dari hasil nilai determinasi (R2) pengaruh dana zakat terhadap PDB relatif lemah, ini terjadi karena PDB harga konstan (riil) yang dianalisis dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan laju pertumbuhan ekonomi secara keseluruhan atau setiap sektor dari tahun ke tahun, namun angka yang digunakan pada penelitian ini dibatasi pada sektor pengeluaran konsumsi rumah tangga. Maka kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dana zakat (X) berpengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi indikator PDB di Indonesia periode 2007-2018. Zakat sebagai salah satu syariat yang ditetapkan Allah SWT untuk kemaslahatan umat manusia berperan penting pada cetak biru pembangunan ekonomi Indonesia
ANALISIS PEMIKIRAN DONI KOESUMA PADA PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER
Authors: Nurodin
Published: December 2020

Character education is an important part of the formation and development of students in schools. The existence of character education in schools is expected to be a solution for the moral decline of the nation's children. Cultivating the values ​​applied in teaching as a form of serious concern for education in shaping and developing the character of students. In order to create the successful implementation of character education in schools, the integration of teaching, goals, institutional systems and curriculum developed in schools must be integrated. The application of character education in schools requires approaches as an effective method to form positive character of students. The implementation of character education in schools requires collaboration, and continues to synergize all related elements. The teaching system and teacher creativity in order to stimulate students to continue at the level for the sake of creating good character in students
KUALIFIKASI PEKERJA AUDITOR SERTIFIKASI HALAL
Authors: Syukron
Published: December 2020

Research intends to answer the rejection of the nahdhotul community organization's to the qualification of an auditor certifying halal certification. The denial of nahdhotul wants that Islamic economic scholars and Islamic law schools enter into the qualification of the auditor certification halal. The study USES qualitative and data-sifting methods through library research and the field methods by viewing the curriculum that qualifies the certified halal auditors. The results of the findings in the studies of Islamic economics scholars and Islamic economics law are not in the qualifications of auditor certification halal because procces of halal certification laboratory tests that specialize in competence of laboratory tests such as scholars biochemistry, chemistry, food technology, industrial engineering. Therefore sharia economics scholars and Islamic economics law do not qualify to be auditors of certification halal in spite of knowlage of halal and haram
A Historical Overview of Protected Agriculture in the State of Sinaloa, Mexico:
Implications for Improving Rural Prosperity
Authors: Flores Luis , Edwards M. Craig
Published: December 2020

Economic development is an important phenomenon that can positively impact societal problems such as poverty, lack of education, and insufficient infrastructure, among other ills. In this regard, technological advances are essential to making better use of resources. The agricultural sector is no exception. With the passage of time, advances in agriculture have allowed processes to be optimized, improving production practices and minimizing risks, by using innovative technologies (Schenkel, Finley, & Chumney, 2012). For this reason, the adoption and use of approaches to protected agricultural production grew steadily in the State of Sinaloa, Mexico during the last century and until today. Such technology assisted significantly in the economic development of the region. This inquiry sought to understand factors and forces that augmented expansion of protected agriculture, especially regarding tomato production, and its advantages compared to traditional systems, as experienced by producers in Sinaloa. Understanding such a phenomenon may provide important implications for improving the economies of similar contexts in need of economic development where agriculture is a viable sector.

Keywords: economic development; protected agriculture; Sinaloa tomato industry; technological innovation
Molecular composition and volatility of multi-generation
products formed from isoprene oxidation by nitrate radical
Authors: Wu Rongrong , Vereecken Luc , Tsiligiannis Epameinondas , Kang Sungah , Albrecht Sascha R. , Hantschke Luisa , Zhao Defeng , Novelli Anna , Fuchs Hendrik , Tillmann Ralf , Hohaus Thorsten , Carlsson Philip T. M. , Shenolikar Justin , Bernard François , Crowley John N. , Fry Juliane L. , Brownwood Bellamy , Thornton Joel A. , Brown Steven S. , Kiendler-Scharr Astrid , Wahner Andreas , Hallquist Matthias , Mentel Thomas F.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Isoprene oxidation by nitrate radical (NO3) is a potentially important source of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). It is suggested that the second or later-generation products are the more substantial contributors to SOA. However, there are few studies investigating the multi-generation chemistry of isoprene-NO3 reaction, and information about the volatility of different isoprene nitrates, which is essential to evaluate their potential to form SOA and determine their atmospheric fate, is rare. In this work, we studied the reaction between isoprene and NO3 in the SAPHIR chamber (Jülich) under near atmospheric conditions. Various oxidation products were measured by a high-resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer using Br− as the reagent ion. They are grouped into monomers (C4- and C5-products), and dimers (C10-products) with 1–3 nitrate groups according to their chemical composition. Most of the observed products match expected termination products observed in previous studies, but some compounds such as monomers and dimers with three nitrogen atoms were rarely reported in the literature as gas-phase products from isoprene oxidation by NO3. Possible formation mechanisms for these compounds are proposed. The multi-generation chemistry of isoprene and NO3 is characterized by taking advantages of the time behavior of different products. In addition, the vapor pressures of diverse isoprene nitrates are calculated by different parametrization methods. An estimation of the vapor pressure is also derived from their condensation behavior. According to our results, isoprene monomers belong to intermediate volatility or semi-volatile organic compounds and thus have little effect on SOA formation. In contrast, the dimers are expected to have low or extremely low volatility, indicating that they are potentially substantial contributors to SOA. However, the monomers constitute 80 % of the total explained signals on average, while the dimers contribute less than 2 %, suggesting that the contribution of isoprene NO3 oxidation to SOA by condensation should be low under atmospheric conditions. We expect a SOA mass yield of about 5 % from the wall loss and dilution corrected mass concentrations, assuming that all of the isoprene dimers in the low- or extremely low-volatility organic compound (LVOC or ELVOC) range will condense completely.
Water uptake of subpollen aerosol particles: hygroscopic growth, CCN activation, and liquid-liquid phase separation
Authors: Mikhailov Eugene F. , Pöhlker Mira L. , Reinmuth-Selzle Kathrin , Vlasenko Sergey S. , Krüger Ovid O. , Fröhlich-Nowoisky Janine , Pöhlker Christopher , Ivanova Olga A. , Kiselev Alexey A. , Kremper Leslie A. , Pöschl Ulrich
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Pollen grains emitted from vegetation can release subpollen particles (SPP) that contribute to the fine fraction of atmospheric aerosols and may act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), ice nuclei (IN), or aeroallergens. Here, we investigate and characterize the hygroscopic growth and CCN activation of birch, pine, and rapeseed SPP. A high humidity tandem differential mobility analyzer (HHTDMA) was used to measure particle restructuring and water uptake over a wide range of relative humidity (RH) from 2 % to 99.5 %, and a continuous flow CCN counter was used for size-resolved measurements of CCN activation at supersaturations (S) in the range of 0.2 % to 1.2 %. For both, subsaturated and supersaturated conditions, effective hygroscopicity parameters κ, were obtained by Köhler model calculations. Gravimetric and chemical analyses, electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering measurements were performed to characterize further properties of SPP from aqueous pollen extracts such as chemical composition (starch, proteins, DNA, and inorganic ions) and the hydrodynamic size distribution of water-insoluble material. All investigated SPP samples exhibited sharp increases of water uptake and κ above ~95 % RH, suggesting a liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). The HHTDMA measurements at RH > 95 % enable closure between the CCN activation at water vapor supersaturation and hygroscopic growth at subsaturated conditions, which is often not achieved when HTDMA measurements are performed at lower RH where the water uptake and effective hygroscopicity may be limited by the effects of LLPS. Such effects may be important not only for closure between hygroscopic growth and CCN activation but also for the chemical reactivity, allergenic potential, and related health effects of SPP.
An investigation of grazing behaviors that result in winter
phytoplankton biomass accumulation
Authors: Freilich Mara , Mignot Alexandre , Flierl Glenn , Ferrari Raffaele
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Recent observations have shown that phytoplankton biomass increases in the North Atlantic during winter, even when the mixed layer is deepening and light is limited. Current theories suggest that this is due to a release from grazing pressure. Here we demonstrate that the often-used grazing models that are linear at low phytoplankton concentration do not allow for a wintertime increase in phytoplankton biomass. However, certain mathematical formulations of grazing that are quadratic (or more generally non-linear) in phytoplankton concentration at low concentrations can reproduce the fall to spring transition in phytoplankton, including wintertime biomass accumulation. We illustrate this point with a minimal model for the annual cycle of North Atlantic phytoplankton designed to simulate phytoplankton concentration as observed by BioGeoChemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) floats in the North Atlantic. This analysis provides a mathematical framework for assessing hypotheses of phytoplankton bloom formation.
Haiti-Drill: an amphibious drilling project workshop
Authors: Aiken Chastity , Wessels Richard , Cormier Marie-Hélène , Klingelhoefer Frauke , Battani Anne , Rolandone Frédérique , Roest Walter , Boisson Dominique , Guerrier Kelly , Momplaisir Roberte , Ellouz-Zimmerman Nadine
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The Haiti region – bounded by two strike-slip faults
expressed both onshore and offshore – offers a unique opportunity for an
amphibious drilling project. The east–west (EW)-striking, left lateral strike-slip Oriente–Septentrional fault zone and Enriquillo–Plantain Garden fault zone
bounding Haiti have similar slip rates and also define the northern and southern
boundaries of the Gonâve Microplate. However, it remains unclear how
these fault systems terminate at the eastern boundary of that microplate.
From a plate tectonic perspective, the Enriquillo–Plantain Garden fault zone
can be expected to act as an inactive fracture zone bounding the Cayman
spreading system, but, surprisingly, this fault has been quite active during
the last 500 years. Overall, little is understood in terms of past and
present seismic and tsunami hazards along the Oriente–Septentrional fault
zone and Enriquillo–Plantain Garden fault zone, their relative ages,
maturity, lithology, and evolution – not even the origin of fluids escaping through the crust is known. Given these unknowns, the Haiti-Drill workshop was held
in May 2019 to further develop an amphibious drilling project in the Haiti
region on the basis of preproposals submitted in 2015 and their reviews.
The workshop aimed to complete the following four tasks: (1) identify significant research
questions; (2) discuss potential drilling scenarios and sites; (3) identify
data, analyses, additional experts, and surveys needed; and (4) produce
timelines for developing a full proposal. Two key scientific goals have been set, namely to understand the nature of young fault zones and the evolution of transpressional boundaries. Given these goals, drilling targets were then
rationalized, creating a focus point for research and/or survey needs prior to
drilling. Our most recent efforts are to find collaborators, analyze
existing data, and to obtain sources of funding for the survey work that is
needed.
Nuevas fronteras de la traducción jurídica: los blogs de y para traductores
Authors: Pontrandolfo Gianluca
Published: December 2020

El presente estudio propone una reflexión acerca de una categoría específica de recursos para la traducción jurídica, o sea, los blogs gestionados por profesionales de la traducción jurídica, bajo una doble perspectiva. Un primer foco de estudio, de corte teórico-traductológico, recae en la nueva conceptualización de las nociones centrales de traducción (unidad, problema, error, método, estrategia, técnica y equivalencia de traducción) que tiene lugar en estas plataformas virtuales. El segundo explora las dinámicas de co-construcción y compartición del conocimiento especializado en acción en las entradas redactadas por y para la comunidad de profesionales. El artículo presenta ejemplos paradigmáticos extraídos de algunos de los blogs más ‘seguidos’ por los traductores jurídicos (especialmente en la combinación español-inglés) y se centra, en particular, en un estudio de caso: el blog de Rebecca Jowers. El análisis se lleva a cabo según un enfoque metodológico ecléctico que compagina nociones procedentes de una pluralidad de ejes (documentación en traducción jurídica, lexicografía especializada, divulgación y mediación del derecho, marketing y sociología de la profesión).
Las sociedades cooperativas de España: empresas creadoras de empleo. Una especial referencia a Andalucía
Authors: Pérez-Suárez Macarena , Sánchez-Torné Isadora
Published: December 2020

La interacción entre el empleo y el ciclo económico permite observar el comportamiento de las cooperativas en las comunidades autónomas de España. El análisis tuvo como objetivo determinar el potencial generador de empleo de las cooperativas españolas, particularizando en Andalucía. Se utilizó una metodología inductiva mediante un análisis estadístico descriptivo y un análisis shift-share. Los resultados constataron que, respecto a España, Andalucía se destaca significativamente en parte de las variables observadas. Para el periodo 2005-2016 aumentó en mayor porcentaje el número de personas empleadas en las cooperativas de la región que en el conjunto del país. En particular, durante el periodo de crisis (2008-2015), las cooperativas incrementaron el número de personas ocupadas poniendo de manifiesto la mayor capacidad de generar empleo que el resto de las formas jurídicas de la Economía Social.
Chatbot-mediated public service delivery
Authors: Makasi Tendai , Nili Alireza , Desouza Kevin , Tate Mary
Published: December 2020

Chatbots — computer programs designed to interactively engage with users, replicating humanlike conversational capabilities during service encounters — have been increasingly deployed across a wide range of Internet-based public services. While chatbots provide several advantages (e.g., improved user experience with reduced waiting times to service access), the surge of chatbot use in public service delivery has frequently been plagued with controversy, poor publicity, and legal challenges. One important reason for this is that users of the services, and the wider public, do not always feel that chatbot-mediated services demonstrate the appropriate public service values. We investigate the public service value dimensions required in chatbots designed for use in the public sector. Specifically, we (a) review chatbots and their use in the delivery of public services; and, (b) develop a framework of how public service values can be exemplified by chatbots. Our study provides implications and evaluation criteria for stakeholders in chatbot assisted public services, including researchers, public managers, and citizens.