bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forms and methods of formation of legal competency of teenagers and senior schoolchildren in the conditions of additional education
Authors: Endovitskaya Elena A. , Ermakova Olga E.
Published: May 2021

The article substantiates topicality of the prevention of illegal behaviour and the formation of legal competency in adolescence and high school age; we analyse the works of modern authors on this problem, on the basis of which the structure of legal competency is presented. The authors characterise the psychological characteristics of adolescents and teenagers, which must be taken into account when organising work on the formation of legal competency of children of this age, we consider the possibility of forming the legal competency of adolescents and teenagers by means of additional education. The use of active forms and methods of teaching is one of the conditions that ensure the effectiveness of the process of forming the legal competency of adolescents and senior schoolchildren in the system of additional education. The formation of legal competency of pupils in the conditions of additional education is defined as a purposeful process that includes cognitive, motivational-value and reflexive-activity stages. The forms and methods used in the implementation of the additional general education (general development) in the modified programme of the association “Themis” for pupils of adolescent and high school age are presented, their effectiveness in the work on the formation of legal competency of pupils in the conditions of additional education is shown.
Non-formal educational environment of the author's camp
Authors: Minovskaia Olgа V. , Turygin Alexander A.
Published: May 2021

The article considers the activities of author’s camps in Kostroma region as one of the practices of non-formal education. The task of the research is to understand how the educational process is organised in the author’s camps. The research base is the author's camp of role-playing games «Centaur» and the experience of the pedagogic team in developing and conducting thematic shifts for teenagers in 2009-2020. The educational technology is a situational epic role-playing game with a historical plot. Authors analyse five cases that demonstrate the logic of the emergence of educational effects in teenagers directly during the event and upon its completion. The content of the cases relates to the subject of the event, specifics of situational-role-playing game, additional classes offered to teenagers; non-directive requirements addressed to the participant. The article defines mechanisms of interaction between the teenager and the informal educational environment of the author's camp (challenge and resonance). The challenge mechanism assumes that elements of the non-formal educational environment provoke participant’s activity, causing various experiences (not only of a positive nature). Accepting the challenge, the teenager takes a subjective position and makes efforts to achieve the chosen goal. The resonance mechanism demonstrates that when meeting with elements of an non-formal educational environment, the teenager discovers those to which it feels a positive emotional response. Estimating the comfort of the environment and the fascination of classes, the teenager seeks to master new skills, achieve skill in solving the required tasks. Both mechanisms work in an non-formal educational environment, where the involvement of the child in the educational process expects selectivity and volunteerism.
Fostering a democratic culture of pupils as a target function of an educational organisation
Authors: Belkina Vera V.
Published: May 2021

The article describes the concept of "democratic culture of the individual" as an integrative quality that ensures the effectiveness of over-situational social interaction of a person, it substantiates the need to educate this quality among pupils in modern educational conditions. The article presents the results of an experimental study organised by the author of the article on the basis of six rural and urban schools in one of the regions of the Russian Federation, the result of which is a description of the main activities of subjects of educational relations, the comprehensive implementation of which ensures the success of solving the problems of fostering a democratic culture as a target function of an educational organisation: the development of a system of democratic representations of subjects educational relations, organising the interaction of the educational process' participants on the basis of democratic norms and principles, improving the practices of organising educational and extracurricular activities of pupils.
Qualitative analysis of attitudes to distance learning in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kononov Aleksandr N. , Komissarova Anastasia S.
Published: May 2021

Topicality of the study of the attitude to the distance learning format is due to the need to study the impact of such interaction in the “pedagogue-studentˮ system on the quality, motivation and overall satisfaction of students with the learning process. The study involved 120 people from 6 six higher education institutions in Moscow. The use of content analysis allowed us to identify 8 significant contexts (areas) around which the statements of the study participants are grouped: “Roadˮ, “Teachersˮ, “Returnˮ, “Distance learningˮ, “Full-time, full-time attendingˮ, “Training, training formatˮ, “Provided, changedˮ, “Qualityˮ. The results obtained indicate that the main disadvantages of the distance learning format, according to the respondents, are the lack of live communication with teachers, a decrease in the level of motivation and self-organisation, which ultimately has a negative impact on the psychoemotional state of students and the quality of material assimilation. At the same time, among the obvious advantages, there is a reduction in transport and time costs for the road to the place of study, as well as the opportunity to study the material at a convenient time. The results obtained can be used in the development of distance learning programmes for students of higher educational institutions of the Russian Federation.
Actualisation of interdisciplinary connections on the example of mastering the “Minimax” principle in game theory
Authors: Kuznetsova Natal'ya S. , Smirnova Anna I.
Published: May 2021

Topicality of this work is associated with the lack of practical interaction of the studied disciplines of higher mathematics and computer science. The authors argue that in order to increase interest, it is necessary to actively use information technologies right inside the classes in higher mathematics. At the same time, the authors believe that a student must understand the theory of certain types of calculations, must be able to perform them manually and only then, must apply automated calculation methods. Examples of the implementation of game theory in the mathematical application Mathcad are given, while students themselves develop the programme according to the proposed algorithm, which undoubtedly develops logical thinking and shows students the visual use of interdisciplinary connections between two subjects studied – mathematics and computer science. The text contains examples of author's texts of mathematical problems aimed at training students of a military higher education institution. According to the authors, when studying the topic under consideration, it is possible to form the competences necessary for a modern specialist.
An Experimental Study of Cognitive Styles Incorporation in Teaching Russian as a Foreign Language Online
Authors: Zhdanovich Olesya A.
Published: May 2021

The problems of incorporating cognitive styles into teaching Russian as a foreign language have tended to draw the attention of the researchers recently. However, there are not any profound studies testifying the effectiveness of cognitive styles incorporation in teaching Russian as a foreign language online. The study presented here will focus specifically on this issue. We are addressing such cognitive styles as field independence, field dependence, analyticity, syntheticity and perceptual styles. Tests for cognitive styles diagnosis have been compiled, and the results were correlated with the academic performance of the students. We developed differential studying materials. The experimental group received the materials corresponding to their cognitive styles, and the control group received not corresponding materials. After that, we analyzed the results of the experiments. Conclusions. Field dependent and field independent foreign students are about the same successful in learning Russian, students with analytical style were slightly more successful than ones with synthetical style, and visual learners displayed higher academic achievements than audial learners. As one of the results of study, we established that kinesthetic style is preferred to consider apart from the visual and audial perceptual styles. The experimental group demonstrated better results than the control group (20% higher), which testifies to the effectiveness of cognitive styles incorporation in teaching Russian as a foreign language online. We have concluded that it is necessary not only to differentiate Russian as a foreign language teaching according to current cognitive styles, but also to develop these styles at the same time.
Non-traditional drawing techniques as a means of developing the imagination of older preschool children with general speech underdevelopment
Authors: Bukina Irina Adolfovna , Gudina Tatyana Viktorovna , Bukin Denis Andreevich
Published: May 2021

The basis of the creative process is imagination, which determines the creative development of the child's personality, is a component of any activity, an integral part of socialisation. The use of non-traditional drawing techniques in working with children with general speech underdevelopment for correctional and developmental purposes can improve imagination, develop creativity, and hand-eye coordination. As a result of the study, we identified the levels of imagination of children with general speech underdevelopment, identified its criteria and qualitative characteristics, described and tested diagnostic tools based on preschool educational institutions; formative correctional and pedagogic work was carried out, which covered not only the children of the experimental group, but also parents, kindergarten teachers and it was aimed at increasing the selected indicator. As a result, after carrying out the formative work, higher indicators of the level of development of the imagination of children of the studied category were obtained in comparison with the initial ones, which confirms the assumption about the effectiveness of using complex correctional and pedagogic assistance with the use of non-traditional techniques of visual activity. In general, we can say that the proposed correctional work will contribute not only to the development of imagination, but also to improve the basic mental processes, creative abilities, intellectual-volitional qualities, which will allow the child to prepare for schooling.
Nikolay Khristovich Rozov
Authors: Sekovanov Valery S.
Published: May 2021

The article describes the creative activity of the outstanding scientist and pedagogue Nikolay Khristovich Rozov. The content of the work is based on personal memories, impressions of the author, reports of people who knew Nikolay Rozov and material used from open sources. There was a wide range of activities of Nikolay Rozov in science and education. The significant contribution of Nikolay Rozov in mathematics, pedagogy and methods of teaching mathematics, his outstanding organisational skills, which manifested themselves when opening mathematical schools for gifted children, under the leadership of the Institute of Pedagogic Education at Lomonosov Moscow State University, work in various publishing houses. The article tells about the help of Nikolay Rozov to classical universities in Russia to open specialties related to the teaching profession. The innovative ideas of the scientist about changing the content of the mathematics course in secondary school, teaching mathematics at the university and school are noted. The journalistic works of Nikolay Rozov, dedicated to fellow mathematicians, noted the scientist's gift as an orator and an excellent lecturer.
Convergence of playing and working behaviour in the context of digitalization of society
Authors: Patrakov Eduard V.
Published: May 2021

The article is dedicated to the theoretical study of the process of convergence, integration of two types of activity – playing and working in the information society. The author's classification of the stages of research of playing as a philosophical, psychological and social phenomenon is proposed. There are three stages in the development of research of playing starting from the research of Immanuel Kant and Johann Christoph Friedrich Schiller to modern-day authors. Based on the analysis of modern authors’ study, it is shown that functions of working are increasingly filled with playing methods, and vice versa playing partially acquires the characteristics of work behaviour. The transformation of the main functions of playing in the conditions of the information society is also shown; i.e., the information environment acts as a factor of change. The results of the study can be used in the study of digital environments, in theoretical and empirical studies, to explain the transformation of work behaviour of a subject, as well as in the practice of various pieces of training in the field of human resource management.
In front of my comrades... Book for the 100th anniversary of the All-the-Soviet-Union Young Pioneer organisation named after Vladimir Lenin
Authors: Bobryshov Sergey V.
Published: May 2021

The publication provides a response to the recently published book –“In front of my comrades...”. A collection of documents and materials from the history of the children's movement, Young Pioneer organisation, supplemented by the memories of former Young Pioneers and counselors, reflections, assessments, proposals of scientists and modern researchers of the children's movement, as well as topical articles from the experience of coordinators, consultants, and counselors of the participants in the children's movement of the 21st century. The author isolates the conceptual idea of the collection, examines the content, analyses individual ideas of the authors, makes proposals on the purpose and use of the collection's materials. The publication is recommended for youth workers, teachers, teachers of higher and secondary educational institutions, training organisers of the children's movement.
Forgiveness as a socio-psychological phenomenon
Authors: Bychkova Maria V.
Published: May 2021

The article presents a detailed substantiation of topicality of studying the traditional pre-revolutionary and modern humanistic understanding of the socio-psychological phenomenon of “forgiveness”. The semantic, etymological, historical content of the process of formation of this concept is revealed. Moreover, important pedagogic aspects of its application in modern practice of spiritual and moral upbringing in Russian education are indicated. This article presents the results of an extensive analysis of religious, philosophical and scientific primary sources, revealing in different ways the semantic, pedagogical and psychological content of the concept of “forgivenessˮ in both Russian and foreign thinkers’ opinion. The author considers in detail the theoretical and practical aspects of the humanistic understanding of the phenomenon of “forgivenessˮ, she presented in the guidelines for the pedagogic programme of socio-emotional ethical education (SEEL).The article also analysed the differences in the understanding of “forgivenessˮ as a socio-psychological phenomenon in the works of Russian thinkers and Western scientists, who interpret this concept from different positions: altruistic and egocentric. The author points out that the moral upbringing of a person who can unselfishly forgive and love is possible only on condition of mastering real examples of such behaviour in a socially significant environment of the child. The author emphasises that the non-directive methods of modern upbringing, as a rule, do not contribute to the formation of the spiritual and moral sphere of the child's personality.
Motivation for prosocial behaviour as a determinant of the development of the volunteer movement
Authors: Popova Irina V. , Serova Yevgeniya А.
Published: May 2021

The article contains operationalisation of the concepts of “volunteerismˮ and “volunteeringˮ, as a result of which it is determined that it is inappropriate to consider the concepts of “volunteerismˮ and “volunteeringˮ as synonyms. The systematisation and generalisation of various methodological approaches in their application to the study of motivation for volunteering have been carried out. The article presents the results of a study aimed at studying the motivation of mutual assistance in society. The object of the study was people engaged in volunteer activities. The research was carried out by the method of personal interview. The study involved 232 volunteers aged 14 to 57. The number of women is 181 (78 %), of men, 51 (22 %). The data collection was carried out by sending a questionnaire in Google form (attachment) to volunteer organisations in Yaroslavl. Using the results of empirical research, it has been shown that the role of empathy in motivation for prosocial behaviour is significant only within the limits of spontaneous behaviour. Volunteering can be seen as a form of pro-social behaviour. It has been established and proven that motivation to engage in volunteer activities does not always depend on the altruistic orientation of the individual. Selfish interests can also motivate people to volunteer. The role of empathy in motivating prosocial behaviour depends on the context in which the decision to provide assistance is made.
Cognitive foundations of residents' burnout syndrome in postgraduate education
Authors: Savelyeva Lyudmila A. , Kashapov Mergalyas M. , Ilyin Mikhail V.
Published: May 2021

Postgraduate education of the resident is the basis of its professional activity, which involves the presence of emotional saturation and a large number of factors that cause stress. Emotional burnout syndrome (CMEA), being the body's reaction to prolonged stressors, is a consequence of psychological overwork. The aim of the study was to study the cognitive resource capabilities of the individual and determine ways to prevent the development of CMEA in 100 residents of surgical and therapeutic specialties using CMEA analysis techniques, assessing conflict and communicative competencies, as well as creativity and creative characteristics of the individual. The comparison group was 30 general practitioners. Evidence has been obtained for hypotheses that CMEA in residents is less pronounced and distributed than in general practitioners; differences in the choice of conflict resolution strategy contribute to the development of CMEA symptoms. The reasons for psychological discomfort of students under residency programmes were revealed. A comparative analysis of conflict competency and symptoms of CMEA, has been carried out. It has been established that conflict competency is manifested as cognitive resource opportunities, the deliberate development of which can serve as a means of preventing CMEA in residents.
Reputation risk indicators of municipal employees
Authors: Kalemeneva Marya P. , Bogdanova Marya V.
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the role of psychological indicators of reputational risks in the professional activities of municipal employees. The analysis of foreign and Russian research on the given topic is presented, some topics of related research are shown. The analysis of the sample by sex, length of service and number is illustrated. The procedure for conducting the research is shown, the stages of research, indicators of a complex psychological test are described. Analysis of variance results are also shown. The results of the analysis of motivational, intellectual and personal characteristics of municipal employees holding various leadership positions are presented. Having studied all the results of several stages of the study, it was revealed that significant differences between the motivational, intellectual and personal indicators of managers with different levels of reputation still exist. Executives with a high reputation score are more creative-oriented and forward-looking. Executives with an average reputation score tend to have either average or high scores on various characteristics. Leaders with a low reputation index are more likely to be result-oriented and successful in their activities. Perhaps in the future, with a more detailed and detailed study of these indicators, it will be possible to predict the reputation of this or that leader and identify reputational risks.
Assessment of the resistance to stress of candidates for the position of a manager based on modelling the stress factor “Lack of time”
Authors: Komlev Vitaly Aleksandrovich , Chernyaeva Irina Nikolaevna
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the problem of psychological assessment of respondents' stress resistance during professional selection. A theoretical analysis of the currently known methods for assessing stress resistance, their positive and negative sides is carried out. The problem of assessing stress resistance by psychological questionnaires is noted, in a situation where respondents are interested in inflated results (for example, during professional selection for leadership positions). The article proposes a method for assessing stress resistance based on modeling the stress factor “Time shortage”, which minimises the possibility of respondents' conscious distortion of the results during testing. The technique was tested during the selection of candidates for managerial positions in the Recruitment Agency “OKO” in Kirov.
proposta de ferramenta dinâmica de aprendizado sobre a história do paisagismo a partir de filmes
Authors: Lima Kananda Fernandes de Sousa , Silva Jamile Pereira da , Albernard Renata Serafin de , Santos Isis Portolan dos
Published: May 2021

Este trabalho aborda o uso de filmes como uma ferramenta dinâmica para o aprendizado sobre a história do paisagismo e estilos de jardins. Os filmes auxiliam as diferentes teorias de ensino como, por exemplo, as histórias em diferentes tempos, o comportamento humano e o conhecimento de lugares em 360°. O objetivo deste artigo é propor uma alternativa de ensino na área do paisagismo baseada no uso de obras cinematográficas. Para isso, utilizou-se a determinação de períodos históricos marcantes do paisagismo, uma listagem de títulos relevantes e, por fim, questionamentos plausíveis de serem aplicados na aprendizagem. Durante o processo da escolha dos filmes, foi levado em consideração o enredo da narrativa e a relevância da tipologia do jardim na composição da história. Ao tratar o estudo de maneira teórica, levando em consideração o quadro de pandemia que impossibilitou a etapa prática do estudo, foi possível concluir que esta alternativa de ensino do paisagismo é válida por despertar a percepção para diversos elementos, por meio do enquadramento e da fotografia das cenas, os quais permitem que os jardins sejam percebidos por outros ângulos, além de possibilitar aos estudantes examinar ações e sensações que são ressaltadas pelo jardim.
KANDUNGAN UNSUR HARA PADA SERASAH DAUN SEGAR POHON (MAHONI, NANTU DAN MATOA)
Authors: Wowor Andre E. , Thomas A. , Rombang J. A.
Published: May 2021

Plant life cycle requires adequate nutrient content in the planting media environment. Nutrients are naturally influenced by cyclical nutrition itself. Plants in the form of trees play a role in the synthesis of nutrients themselves. Trees play a role in absorbing nutrients in the soil and releasing nutrients through dead or harvested tissue, plant tissues that are most often canceled or killed because the weather is leaves. The nutritional needs of trees are different so the absorption, use and management of nutrients in trees is also different. The purpose of this study is to see the differences in species of Mahogany, Nantu and Matoa trees, which has the potential to contribute to the availability of nutrients. The method used in the study was a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Analysis of nutrient N, P and K was carried out in the laboratory using extraction of perhydrol by wet ingestion of H2SO4+H2O2. The results of the research obtained, that the fresh leaf litter of the nantu tree is the most potential as a nutrient-contributing tree to the surface soil.
PEMANFAATAN ASAP CAIR ARANG TEMPURUNG SEBAGAI BAHAN PENGAWET PADA BAKSO IKAN TUNA
Authors: Korah Alfi R. M. , Assa Jan Rudolf , Koapaha Teltje
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTThe research objective was to determine the effect of coconut shell charcoal liquid smoke on the shelf-life of fish meatballs. The design used was Factorial Completely Randomized Design, which consisted of 2 factors: A treatment of liquid smoke concentration 0%, 5%, 10%, and factor B treatment of immersion 30 and 45 minutes long, with three repetitions. The results showed that with the concentration of liquid smoke 0% tuna meatballs can last only one day at room temperature with the results of already whitish slimy appearance, fishy flavour, and the texture is still chewy. Fish meatballs with 10% liquid smoke concentration combine with 45 minutes soaking time can last up to 5 days at room temperature with the results of already slimy, brownish, flavorful appearance typical of fish with a chewy texture.Keywords: Liquid smoke, tuna fish meatballs, shelf-life
ANALISIS MUTU DAN EKONOMI PENERAPAN PENGEMASAN VAKUM BAWANG DAUN POTONGAN (Allium fistulosum L.) SELAMA PENYIMPANAN
Authors: Mikael Florensi Wahyuni , Molenaar Robert , Lengkey Lady C. Ch. E.
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to analyze leeks packaging and without packaging during storage, and to analyze economical packaging and knowing the number of breakeven points obtained. This study uses an experimental method, and descriptive analysis of data consisting of 2 treatments and 3 replications, namely scallions which are vacuum packed, and leeks without packaging that are stored in a refrigerator with a temperature of 5-10˚C.From the results of research on quality analysis of changes in weight, color and texture showed that the vacuum packaged onions at a storage temperature of 5˚C – 10˚C gave the best results over a 14-day shelf life compared to unpacked leeks which only lasted for a shelf life of 6 days. Weight reduction occurred in the treatment without packaging by 44%. The total fixed cost is Rp.219,625 /Year, the total variable cost is Rp.5,519 per package, with a yearly production of 24,300 packs /Year, to obtain the selling price of vacuum packaging leeks of Rp.6,080 per package, and the break-even analysis results in get is 392 packaging /Year.Keywords : Leeks, Vacuum Packaging, Storage Time
INTERACTIVE TASKS FOR THE FORMATION OF UNIVERSAL COMPETENCIES OF STUDENTS IN THE CLASSES OF THE KYRGYZ LANGUAGE
Authors: Azemova А.А.
Published: May 2021

The article will focus on the methodology of teaching the Kyrgyz language. When determining the methodology for teaching the Kyrgyz language, it is proposed to use new directions. The author also analyzed the communicative competence of students. As a result, it is proposed to focus on the business approach, rather than on the informational "educational"one and for to develop the basic communication skills of students, examples of communication games and rhetorical tasks are presented.
ON THE ANTHOLOGY "KYRGYZ WRITERS" OF THE XINJIANG KYRGYZ
Authors: Turdubaeva N.Sh.
Published: May 2021

Anthology of Xinjiang Kyrgyz "Kyrgyz Writers" was published in 1992. The article provides general information about the structure of the anthology, about the life and work of poets-writers, and also analyzes the works of individual poets and writers.
Plasmonic resonant modes in highly symmetric multi-branches sea-urchin like nanostructures
Authors: Chen Yu-Yu , Lin Chia-Yi , Su Yu-Lun , Chang Shih-hui Gilbert
Published: May 2021

The electrostatic charge distribution model and the finite-difference time-domain method were used to provide a physically intuitive interpretation of how the shape and the number of branches affect the localized surface plasmon resonances of 3D sea-urchin like nanoparticles. We consider both planner and spherical structures with pins of cylindrical, triangular and hexagonal shape. Better alignment between surface charges of opposite sign leads to higher resonant energy states. More pin numbers provide more surface distribution area to spread dipole charges which leads to worse charges alignment and redshift of dipole mode. However, as the pin number increases, the quadrupole surface charge was pushed toward the pin tip due to Coulomb repulsion. Better charge alignment caused the quadrupole blueshift. Other effects such as convex and concave shape and dielectric materials are also discussed. Our finding may provide a designing rule to synthesize multi-branch nanoparticles for bio-chemical sensing applications.
Rapid and accurate identification of colon cancer by Raman spectroscopy coupled with convolutional neural networks
Authors: Wu Xingda , Li Shaoxin , Xu Qiuyan , Yan Xinliang , Fu Qiuyue , Fu Xinxin , Fang Xianglin , Zhang Yanjiao
Published: May 2021

Colonoscopy is regarded as the gold standard in colorectal tumor diagnosis, but it is costly and time-consuming. Raman spectroscopy has shown promise for differentiating cancerous from non-cancerous tissue and is expected to be a new tool for oncological diagnosis. However, traditional Raman spectroscopy analysis requires tedious preprocessing, and the classification accuracy needs to be improved. In this work, a novel Raman spectral qualitative classification method based on convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed for the identification of three different colon tissue samples, including adenomatous polyp, adenocarcinoma and normal tissues. Experimental results show that this CNN model has superior feature extraction ability. For the spectral data of new individuals, the trained CNN model presents much better classification performance than traditional machine learning methods, such as the k-nearest neighbor, random forest, and support vector machine. Raman spectroscopy combined with CNN can be used as an effective auxiliary tool for the early diagnosis of colon cancer.
Model Penyaluran Zakat Sebagai Instrumen Keuangan Sosial untuk mencapai Maqashid Syariah dengan menggunakan Pendekatan Analytic Network Process
Authors: Harianto Syawal , Marliyah Marliyah , Fuadi Fuadi , Amin Haris Al
Published: May 2021

Islam requerer tompay zakat for wellbeing of Islamic people. Zakat is the forth of Islamic pillars. The contribution of zakat and maqashid syariah has the direct relations. This study aimed to know the relevale of zakat’s contribution to reach maqashid syariah with ANP method. ANP method is used to completed the problem in decomposition of synthesis and criterion scale. The study I s used techniques purposive sampling. Responden the study is expert and knowledgeable in this field (zakat). The result of this study showed the rank of each criterion from senif contribution of zakat. Senif fakir criterion is that have’nt anything. Senif miskin criterion is people that have the money less than the nisab. Senif amil criterion is mukallaf. Senif muallaf criterion is the new people in Islam religion. Senif gharimin criterion is the owed for his life. Senif fisabilillah criterion is established the dakwah center. Senif Ibnu sabil criterion is musafir for wealfare. The priority of maqashid syariah in senif contribution of zakat is religions. Then the priority contribution of zakat to reach maqasid syariah is fakir. The contribution of zakat should be distributed better for the welfare of muslims.
Tra astuto, furbo e scaltro c’è qualche differenza!
Authors: D'Achille Paolo
Published: May 2021

Alcuni lettori ci chiedono se astuto, furbo e scaltro abbiano un senso almeno in parte diverso e, in tal caso, a quale di essi si possa assegnare un significato più negativo.
Innovación e investigación con tecnología educativa
Authors:   Universidad de Malaga Facultad de Ciencias de la Educacion, Ruiz Palmero Julio , Sánchez Rivas Enrique ,   Universidad de Malaga, Colomo Magaña Ernesto ,   Universidad de Malaga, Sánchez Rodríguez José ,   Universidad de Málaga
Published: May 2021

En el mundo de la educación estamos atravesando una etapa compleja por diferentes circunstancias, la principal de las cuales es la pandemia provocada por la COVID-19 que nos ha tocado vivir este último año y que ha removido los cimientos de todo lo que se suponía establecido en todos los ámbitos de la vida. En el campo de la educación, el paso de una modalidad presencial a una totalmente virtual en apenas 48 horas supuso un desafío para todos los actores que participan en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje en todos los niveles y áreas. El papel que la tecnología ha jugado en dicha adaptación ha sido fundamental, si bien no siempre se ha empleado de la manera más adecuada. Estamos en un momento clave que nos invita a considerar hacia dónde vamos en educación, en el área de tecnología educativa, y qué papel queremos y debemos desempeñar en dicho proceso. Esta obra pretende dar respuesta a los retos que se nos plantean desde distintas perspectivas sugeridas por los autores de los diferentes capítulos.
SALIVARY GLAND DIAGNOSTICS: A REVIEW
Authors: Gopal Saraswathi , Raghunathan Anitha , Narayanan Divya , Erraguntla Harshitha , Kumarguru Mahalakshmi , Kannan Neha
Published: May 2021

The inammatory, obstructive, autoimmune and neoplastic disorders of the salivary gland include a
salient group of head and neck pathologies and are caused by a variety of pathological conditions which
affect the gland tissues. It is the chief responsibility of a dental surgeon to analyze and assign the relevant imaging method
depending on the scenario with which the patient reports, to arrive at a proper diagnosis and for exact treatment planning. It is
also necessary for the clinician to know about the imaging techniques, its need, interpretation and recent advances of the same.
La diferencia entre mostrar y decir y el problema del significado
Authors: Caorsi Carlos Enrique
Published: May 2021

En este artículo me interesa considerar la conclusión de Moretti, según la cual hay una disolución del problema de la unidad de la proposición en términos de la noción de interpretación, que parece obviar su solución tradicional basada en relaciones referenciales, pero que, sin embargo, o bien requiere ese tipo de fundamentación, o bien hace lugar a planteamientos trascendentales que la exceden. Coincido mayormente con esta conclusión, pero creo del caso desarrollar algunas consideraciones que me apartan en cierta medida de algunas de las suyas. En particular, me centraré en la distinción ente decir y mostrar, y en la interesante extensión por parte de Moretti de esta distinción, formulada habitualmente para las oraciones, a la situaciones de enunciación. Sostendré, contra lo que él afirma, que la imposibilidad de decir lo que la enunciación muestra es menos radical que la imposibilidad de decir lo que muestra una oración.
“Somos criaturas de la lógica y no del silencio”: la unidad proposicional según Alberto Moretti
Authors: Scotto Silvia Carolina
Published: May 2021

En este comentario me refiero a algunos aspectos de la propuesta de Moretti acerca del problema de la unidad proposicional, basada en su interpretación de las ideas de Frege y Davidson. La misma sostiene que, más allá de sus evidentes diferencias, ambas concepciones del lenguaje y del significado oracional, en tanto atribuyen al lenguaje una función esencialmente representacional, comparten una manera de entender la primacía de la aserción por sobre otros tipos de emisiones lingüísticas. A su vez, según Moretti, las aserciones reflejan la importancia del lenguaje para entender tanto los rasgos constitutivos de las capacidades cognoscitivas humanas como también sus límites. Después de examinar la interpretación de Moretti, formulo un conjunto de preguntas y objeciones acerca de los presupuestos y compromisos teóricos del enfoque fregeano-davidsoniano que se desprenden de diversos enfoques alternativos (cognitivos, pragmáticos y semánticos). Esos enfoques pueden confluir en una visión de los sistemas lingüísticos que considera más básicos a sus usos comunicativos que a sus funciones representacionales. Así, la unidad proposicional podría ser mejor explicada como un rasgo derivado de los actos cognitivos de los hablantes (incluidas sus intenciones comunicativas). Y los contenidos semánticos de las expresiones lingüísticas resultarían determinados, finalmente, por los factores que intervienen en la realización de los actos de habla de los que forman parte, sin otorgar primacía a los actos de habla asertivos, y menos aún, a sus productos, las oraciones declarativas.
Lógica trascendental y lógica naturalista
Authors: Castro Albano Javier
Published: May 2021

Se exponen algunas de las reflexiones de Alberto Moretti acerca del carácter trascendental de la lógica, poniendo especial atención en cierta evolución que parece haber en sus ideas sobre este asunto entre la publicación en el año 2006 de “Lógica y semántica” y “la Lógica y la trama de las cosas”, del año 2016. Se presentan los rasgos más generales de una versión del naturalismo lógico que podría sobrevivir a los cuestionamientos trascendentalistas de Moretti.
Rol constitutivo y revisabilidad de la lógica
Authors: Vásquez Dávila Omar H.
Published: May 2021

En este trabajo analizo la propuesta de Moretti (2016) según la cual las verdades lógicas tienen dos aspectos. Por un lado, las verdades lógicas son constitutivas del vínculo entre lenguaje y mundo, por ende, siempre es necesario algún sistema lógico. Por otro lado, las verdades de una teoría lógica específica son tan revisables como las verdades de cualquier otra teoría científica, sea formal o empírica. Propongo que dicha propuesta está relacionada inevitablemente con dos cuestiones cuyas posibles respuestas ponen en duda la posibilidad de revisar o cambiar una lógica. La primera cuestión es acerca del rasgo que distintas nociones de consecuencia comparten, el cual les permitiría desempeñar un rol constitutivo en la relación lenguaje-mundo. La segunda cuestión apunta a la necesidad de precisar los criterios que conducen a la sustitución de una lógica.
АЛЬТЕРНАТИВА ХМЕЛЮ У ВИРОБНИЦТВІ ПИВА
Authors: Бліщ Р. О. , Петришин Н. З. , Бабич І. М.
Published: May 2021

Пиво являє собою досить складну систему органічних і неорганічних кристалоїдів та колоїдів у слабкому водно-спиртовому розчині. До його складу входять більше 400 сполук, які визна- чають його високу якість. Найціннішими в пиві є гіркі речовини хмелю, що надають йому своєрідну приємну гіркоту, сприяють біологічній стійкості. Хміль, який лише нещодавно загрожував поглинути все в навалі зеленої гіркоти, нині відступає, щоб посісти своє правомірне місце серед інших способів варити смачне і виразне пиво. Багато крафтовиків приглядаються й до інших рослин, що притаманні конкретним регіонам, і пробують варити пиво з повагою до місцевих традицій. Хміль є незамінним компонентом будь-якого пива, але в разі надмірного вживання негативно впливає на організм людини. Останні дослідження вчених дають підставу стверджувати про негативний вплив хмелю на орга- нізм людини, оскільки в шишках хмелю є 8-пренілнарінгенін – речовина, яка належить до класу фітое- строгенів. Тому заміна хмелю на іншу нетрадиційну сировину є перспективним напрямом досліджень. Повний список інгредієнтів, які використовуються як сурогат хмелю або задля забезпечення альтер- нативних смакових властивостей, досить великий. Розглянуто часткову заміну хмелю на натуральну рослинну сировину (хвою хвойних порід дерев), яка за своїми властивостями та хімічним складом наближена до хмелю. Також охарактеризовано використання деревію, хрону, бузини, імбиру та інших альтернативних хмелю рослин у виробництві пива. Зроблено висновок, що у виборі сировини (замін- ника хмелю) необхідно звертати особливу увагу на її хімічний склад і дію на організм людини, оскільки більшу частину цих властивостей отримає і пиво з її додаванням. Доведено, що інноваційні технології з використанням нетрадиційної сировини як заміни хмелю можуть бути рекомендовані до викорис- тання в пивоварінні задля розширення зразків продукції, що позитивно впливають на організм людини.
ОПТИМІЗАЦІЯ ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК М’ЯСНИХ МАРИНОВАНИХ НАПІВФАБРИКАТІВ
Authors: Хомич Г. П. , Олійник Л. Б. , Наконечна Ю. Г.
Published: May 2021

У статті досліджуються актуальні проблеми розширення асортименту м’ясних напів- фабрикатів із мало використовуваної сировини – перепелятини з використанням маринадів на основі хеномелесу. Метою статті є дослідження ефективності маринадів на основі порошку хеномелесу та овочів для оптимізації технологічних характеристик м’ясних цільном’язових напівфабрикатів із пере- пелиної грудки. У процесі дослідження встановлено, що сучасні тенденції створення продуктів нового покоління ґрунтуються на моделюванні технологічних та споживчих характеристик продукту шляхом комбі- нування м’ясної й рослинної сировини, тому поєднання цінного м’яса перепелятини та натуральних рослинних інгредієнтів у складі маринадів є перспективним. Це дасть змогу вирішити низку питань харчової індустрії: збільшення обсягу виробництва харчових продуктів, розширення їх асортименту і гарантування високого рівня якості та безпечності. Виявлено, що використана технологія приго- тування маринадів забезпечує збереження компонентів, а маринади володіють властивостями, які характерні для окремих їхніх інгредієнтів. Дослідні маринади містять всі ессенціальні та біологічно активні компоненти, які були в рослинних інгредієнтах – порошках: хеномелесу – органічні кислоти, пектинові та фенольні речовини, L-аскорбінову кислоту, ефірні олії; моркви – поліцукри, ефірні олії, комплекс вітамінів С, В1, В2, В6, В12, D, Е, К, Р, РР, пантотенову і фолієву кислоти, каротини; паприки – капсациїн, ефірні олії, каротини, вітамін С; часнику – ефірні олії, поліцукри. Визначено технологічні режими маринування м’ясних напівфабрикатів: тривалість маринування доцільно обмежити до 12 годин за оптимальної кількості порошку хеномелесу у маринаді (40 г). За визначених оптимальних умов маринування м’ясних напівфабрикатів спостерігається оптимізація технологічних характеристик напівфабрикатів: активна кислотність на рівні 5,6 од. рН, вологозв’язуюча здатність збільшується до 69,1%, зростання – 9,9%, вологоутримуюча здатність – до 72,7, зростання – 10,8%. Експеримен- тально отримано та математично розраховано оптимальні технологічні параметри процесу мари- нування м’ясних напівфабрикатів.
ТОВАРОЗНАВЧА ЕКСПЕРТИЗА САМОРЯТІВНИКІВ ШАХТНИХ ІЗОЛЮЮЧИХ НА ХІМІЧНО ЗВ’ЯЗАНОМУ КИСНІ
Authors: Кралюк М. О. , Омельченко Н. В. , Браїлко А. С.
Published: May 2021

Аварії, пов’язані з пожежами та впливом токсичних газів, є однією з основних причин травмування та загибелі людей у шахтах. Для евакуації працюючих з аварійних дільниць вугільних, руд- них та нерудних шахт використовують саморятівники шахтні ізолюючі на хімічно зв’язаному кисні. Використання саморятівників ізолюючих низької якості, які не відповідають вимогам нормативно- правових актів, небезпечно та створює загрозу загибелі людей чи навіть призводить до їх загибелі. Цьому сприяє спрощений порядок ввезення цієї продукції на територію України, а тому перед введен- ням в експлуатацію саморятівників шахтних ізолюючих на хімічно зв’язаному кисні необхідно про- водити їх випробування в акредитованих лабораторіях. Надто ліберальні умови сертифікації зумов- люють потребу у проведенні незалежної товарознавчої експертизи для встановлення безпеки та придатності до використання за функціональним призначенням саморятівників шахтних ізолюючих на хімічно зв’язаному кисні. Обґрунтована необхідність розроблення методологічного забезпечення ідентифікації та товарознавчої експертизи саморятівників шахтних ізолюючих на хімічно зв’язаному кисні. Товарознавчу експертизу проведено з метою встановлення безпеки та придатності до вико- ристання за функціональним призначенням саморятівників шахтних ізолюючих на хімічно зв’язаному кисні перед їх введенням в експлуатацію. У статті представлено розроблену програму товарознавчої експертизи саморятівників шахтних ізолюючих на хімічно зв’язаному кисні, що ввозяться на митну територію України. Наведено результати реалізації її основних етапів, що дало змогу отримати від- повідь на питання експертизи, а саме: встановлено, що саморятівники шахтні ізолюючі на хімічно зв’язаному кисні моделі “K-S30” є непридатними до використання. Це дозволило не допустити до реалізації саморятівники шахтні ізолюючі на хімічно зв’язаному кисні моделі “K-S30” та попередило настання тяжких наслідків та загрозу загибелі людей від їх використання. Для забезпечення прове- дення безпечних та результативних товарознавчих досліджень, об’єктивності та повноти вирішення сформульованих питань товарознавчих експертиз саморятівників шахтних ізолюючих на хімічно зв’язаному кисні подальші дослідження доцільно спрямовувати на розроблення методик проведення їх ідентифікації та товарознавчої експертизи.
Sztuka gry na instrumentach klawiszowych początku XV wieku a średniowieczna mnemotechnika
Authors: Lubieniecki Ryszard
Published: May 2021

Sztuka gry na instrumentach klawiszowych stanowi dziedzinę muzyczną, w której szczególnie wyraźne wydaje się „zawieszenie” pomiędzy tradycją ustną a piśmienną. Autor umieszcza ars organica początku XV w. w kontekście kultury opartej na pamięci oraz nakreśla wynikające z tej perspektywy konsekwencje dla badania i postrzegania zachowanego repertuaru muzycznego. Podstawowy materiał źródłowy stanowią dwa anonimowe traktaty organowe: Octo principalia de arte organisandi i Opusculum de arte organica, pochodzące z rękopisu M.CIII, przechowywanego w Bibliotece Kapituły Metropolitalnej w Pradze.

            W pierwszej części artykułu autor analizuje konstrukcję praskich traktatów organowych z perspektywy funkcjonowania średniowiecznej memorii. Wskazuje na zabiegi mnemotechniczne, takie jak stosowanie porządków numerycznych, informacji wydzielonych słowem nota (łac. „zanotuj”, „zapamiętaj”) oraz zabiegów perswazyjnych.

            Druga część poświęcona została kwestiom dotyczących bezpośrednio praktyki gry na instrumentach klawiszowych. Najpierw przedstawione zostają podstawowe modele melodyczno-rytmiczne (tactus) z odniesieniem do zachowanego repertuaru muzycznego (Kodeksu z Faenzy oraz źródeł fragmentarycznych, m.in. praskich fragmentów organowych). Analizy (dokonane już wcześniej przez wielu innych autorów) wykazują zbieżność figur tactus zawartych w traktatach z zachowanymi tabulaturami organowymi. Następnie konstrukcja traktatu Opusculum de arte organica skojarzona zostaje z teorią improwizacji Jeffa Pressinga oraz z perspektywy kształtowania muzycznego procesu w improwizacji porównane zostają ze sobą dwie kompozycje: Kyrie Magne Deus z praskich fragmentów organowych (CZ-Pnm 1D a 3/52, recto) oraz Kyrie Cunctipotens genitor Deus z Kodeksu z Faenzy (I-Fz MS 117, fol. 79r–79v). Na podstawie tego zestawienia autor podkreśla znaczenie niezbędnego w improwizacji „przyswojenia” podstawowych modeli melodycznych, a tym samym zwraca uwagę na fizjologiczny aspekt gry na instrumencie, obecny w znaczeniu słowa tactus (łac. „dotyk”, „zmysł dotyku). Artykuł zamykają uwagi dotyczące mnemotechniki oraz związanym z nią problemem indywidualizmu średniowiecznego twórcy.