bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COOPERATION AS CORNERSTONE OF VILLAGE ECONOMY TO EMPOWER SOCIETY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC ACCEPTANCE OF TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION (ATI) IN JOMBANG, INDONESIA
Authors:   Universitas Pelita Harapan Kampus Surabaya. Stie Pgri Dewantara Jombang., a Ronald , b Amelia ,   Universitas Pelita Harapan Kampus Surabaya. Stie Pgri Dewantara Jombang., Prayitno Langgeng ,   Universitas Pelita Harapan Kampus Surabaya. Stie Pgri Dewantara Jombang.
Published: January 2022

According to Undang-Undang (UU) No. 25 of 1992, a cooperative is a business entity composed of individuals or cooperative legal entities. In Indonesia, cooperatives have successfully become an organization occupying a special position in the structure of the national economy. The existence of cooperatives is expected to have various positive effects on the Indonesian economy. The application of technological development in cooperatives can be aimed at the business development of cooperatives to encourage the Indonesian economy. In the rapid technological development, it is very helpful for various economic participants to establish communications quickly and cheaply.Existing technologies can support the revitalization of cooperatives in Indonesia by providing applications. The research method used in this study is non probability sampling on Surabaya and Jombang. The data processing analysis is using simple and multiple regression with SPSS 22.0 software. The results of this study that there are seven hypotheses which are five hypotheses are accepted and two hypotheses are rejected. The accepted hypotheses are perceived value has a positive and significant effect on actual usage with the coefficient regression is 0.556, compatibility has a positive and significant effect on perceived value with the coefficient regression is 0.531, perceived ease of use has a positive and significant effect on perceived value with the coefficient regression is 0.230, compatibility has a positive and significant effect on actual usage with the coefficient regression is 0.219, and perceive usefulness has a positive and significant effect on perceived value with the coefficient regression is 0.196. On the other hand two hypotheses were rejected are perceived ease of use has a positive and significant effect on actual usage with the coefficient regression is 0.124 and perceived usefulness has a positive and significant effect on actual usage with the coefficient regression is 0.041.
On elevation of intraocular pressure after intravitreal injections
Authors: Bauer S. M. , Voronkova E. B. , Kotliar K. E.
Published: January 2022

The aim of this work is to emphasize the need to take into account several important biomechanical factors (biometrical parameters of patient, s eyes accuracy of tonometers) as well as the design of the procedure when interpreting clinical data of immediate IOP elevation after intravitreal injections
Keratoplasty for keratoconus: advantages and disadvantages
Authors: Bikbov M. M. , Usubov E. L. , Zaynetdinov A. F.
Published: January 2022

Keratoconus is a progressive bilateral corneal ectasia, accompanied by loss of vision due to high irregular astigmatism, which is the leading indication for corneal transplantation. The review presents a variety of surgical corneal transplantation techniques for keratoconus available today and discussed their advantages and disadvantages.
Bilateral phacoemulsification of cataract: the opinion of foreign ophthalmologists
Authors: Medvedev I. B. , Pokrovsky D. F.
Published: January 2022

Рurpose: to present the opinion of foreign ophthalmic surgeons on simultaneous bilateral phacoemulsification of cataract (SBPEC) by analyzing literature data. We performed an analysis of papers listed by Pubmed in 2000–2020 which contained expert assessments of SBPEC effectiveness based on polling. Ophthalmic surgeons were offered special questionnaires largely close in content, which were designed to establish the rating of factors that affected the respondents’ decision for or against the surgery. Our results indicate that, depending on the country, from 13.9 to 86 % of ophthalmic surgeons practice SBPEC, while from 14.0 to 67.2 % refrain from using this technology. The surveys revealed three major factors in favor of SBPEC — reduced number of clinical visits, the patient’s convenience during rehabilitation, and a high risk of complications after a second general anesthesia. The main factors against SBPEC are the risk of endophthalmitis (noted by 69–73 % of respondents), the absence of information on the postoperative refractive result in the first eye, which could determine the choice of the intraocular lens on the second eye (74–80 %), the risk of bilateral vision loss (73–79 %), as well as possible forensic problems (52–58 %).Conclusion. The surveying highlights certain negative factors that need to be overcome in order for SBPEC to become more widespread. Raising the awareness of SBPEC practice and approval by the ophthalmic community is essential for a sustainable culture change regarding this technology. To achieve this aim, standardization of the SBPEC procedure is needed, followed by the development of training manuals and protocols for surgical intervention.
Clinical manifestations of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy in children with nucleotide sequence alterations in the FZD4 gene
Authors: Katargina L. A. , Kadyshev V. V. , Denisova E. V. , Geraskina E. A. , Marakhonov A. V. , Garifullina S. A. , Zolnikova I. V. , Zinchenko R. A.
Published: January 2022

Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR)is a rare genetically heterogeneous disease with multiple types of inheritance (autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked) and widely varying clinical features. Up to 40 % of cases of FEVR are associated with mutations of the FZD4 gene.Purpose: to investigate the clinical manifestations of FEVR in children with nucleotide sequence alterations in the FZD4 gene. Material and methods. The Helmholtz National Medical ResearchCenter of Eye Diseases and the ResearchCentre for MedicalGenetics conducted a joint in-depth ophthalmological examination of 18 patients aged from 3 weeks to 17 years with a diagnosis of FEVR, which included a detailed ophthalmoscopy under drug mydriasis, ultrasound and electrophysiological examination, photographic recording of fundus changes using RetCam and Fundus Foto. Molecular genetic examination was carried out by direct sequencing according to Sanger. Results. Nucleotide sequence alterations in the FZD4 gene were detected in 3 patients(16.7 %)from two unrelated families. In one family, a 12-year-old girl wasfound to display the firstsymptoms of ophthalmic pathology (reduced vision, strabismus) at the age of 3.5 years. In another family, the clinical manifestations of FZD4 gene mutations were observed in two children during the first year of life (at the age of 5 and 11 months).Conclusions. The clinical picture of 3 patients with detected changes in the nucleotide sequence of the FZD4 gene is characterized by early manifestation and bilateral asymmetric ophthalmoscopic damage. The results of the study indicate the need for a timely diagnosis of FEVR in young children, recommend an interdisciplinary approach to the study of the disease, which should contribute to a better understanding of pathogenesis, and the development of an effective diagnostic, treatment and rehabilitation algorithm.
A spectrofluorimetric study of the limbal area in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Neroev V. V. , Gar’kavenko V. V. , Salmin V. V.
Published: January 2022

Purpose: to evaluate hypoxic changes in the limbus area conjunctiva of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) treated with prolonged instillations of prostaglandin (PG) analogs. Material and methods. A spectrofluorimetric study of the limbus zone was carried out in 202 patients aged 56–87 years with POAG in the developed and advanced stages, divided into 2 groups. Group 1 consisted of patients aged 69.4 ± 10.3 years who received beta-blockers (BB) and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (ICA) for 5–10 months; of these, 39 (30.2 %) had a developed stage of POAG and 90 (69.7 %) had advanced POAG. Group 2, aged 72.3 ± 9.4, received PG analogs, in addition to BB and ICA, for 5–10 months. In this group, 21 (28.7 %) patients had developed POAG and 52 (71.23 %) had advanced POAG. Results. The patients who received PG instillations showed a significantly higher ratio of fluorescence intensity in the wavelength range of 410/520 nm NADH/FAD (0.352 ± 0.043) than those receiving no such therapy (0.319 ± 0.047), which can be interpreted as a hypoxic state of the limbus area. Conclusion. Spectrofluorimetric testing of POAG patients taking PG analogs can be useful for detecting ischemia in the limbus area, because this category of patients are very likely to form cicatricial changes in the area of the filtration cushion in the early postoperative period after antiglaucomatous interventions.
Quality of life of a patient with computer vision syndrome depending on the type of accommodative astenopia
Authors: Ovechkin I. G. , Konovalov М. E. , Kovrigina E. I. , Leksunov O. G. , Yudin V. E.
Published: January 2022

Purpose: a comparative assessment of the quality of life (QOL) of patients with symptoms of computer vision syndrome (CVS), depending on the type of accommodative asthenopia: habitual excessive accommodation stress (HEAS) and the asthenic form of accommodative asthenopia (AFAA). Material and methods. 60 patients aged 22–34 engaged in visually extensive work who had typical asthenopic complaints were examined. The main criterion for diagnosing the type of asthenopia was the coefficient of ciliary muscle microfluctuation, measured by objective accommodation on a Righton Speedy-I device (Japan). The patients were divided into two groups of 30 people each with similar age and sex distribution, corresponding to the two forms of asthenopia studied. The main method of QOL examination was the study of an innovative CVS-22 questionnaire filled in by the testees. Results. The comparative assessment of the overall test indicator revealed no significant differences between the examined groups of patients with HEAS (QOL = 40.2 ± 1.2 pts) and AFAA (QOL = 42.2 ± 1.0 pts), p > 0.05. For some of the complaints, certain differences were found, partly associated with the pathogenesis of HEAS and AFAA, however, they do not fully reflect the “specificity” of the main types of accommodative asthenopia. Conclusion. The results obtained indicate the absence of reliable subjective diagnostic criteria of CVS. The fact may be associated with a wide range of risk factors for the development of functional disorders of the body in general and the visual system in particular when the patients is engaged in activities requiring the use of electronic systems in information management.
The effect of phenylephrine hydrochloride 2.5 % and sodium hyaluronate solution on visual functions and accommodation in children with myopia and its local tolerability
Authors: Tarutta E. P. , Tarasova N. A. , Milash S. V. , Markosian G. A. , Kushnarevich N. Yu. , Larina T. Yu.
Published: January 2022

Purpose: to evaluate visual functions, accommodation, and local tolerance in children instilled with Phenylephrine hydrochloride 2.5 % and sodium hyaluronate solution (Stelphrin Supra). Material and methods. 30 children (60 eyes) aged 8 to 12 (ave. 10.04 ± 0.24) with low (28 eyes) and moderate (32 eyes) myopia (ave. -2.96 ± 0.17 D) were tested. Refractometry, subjective and objective accommodation, optical biometry, anterior corneal surface examination, Norn test, and polling were performed prior to one-time instillation, 30 minutes after it, and after 1 month of daily bedtime instillations of Stelphrin Supra. Results. We noted a significant decrease in the tone of accommodation in the open field by 90 % from the initial value, an approximation of the nearest point of clear vision by 27 %, an increase in the volume of absolute accommodation by 57 % and the objective amplitude of accommodation by 20 %, which indicates an increase in the accommodation ability. The pupil width increased 30 minutes after a single instillation of Stelphrin Supra, which coincided with an increase in the relative accommodation reserve by 25 % from the initial one. After a month, the pupil width significantly decreased, and the positive relative accommodation reserve decreased to a level only 12 % higher than the original one. Tear film break time significantly increased by 0.89 sec, singular spot stainings disappeared in 2 out of 6 patients, lacrimation — in 6 out of 10, pain — in 1 out of 2, blurring in 4 out of 6, feeling of “sand” — in 7 out of 9 patients who had these symptoms before instillations. Conclusion. Regular instillations of Stelphrin Supra reduce the habitual tone of accommodation, increase the accommodation ability, and improve the condition of the eye surface.
The role of optical coherence tomography angiography biomarkers in assessing the outcome of long-term anti-VEGF therapy of diabetic macular edema
Authors: Fursova A. Zh. , Derbeneva A. S. , Tarasov M. S. , Vasil’eva M. V. , Gamza J. A. , Chubar N. V.
Published: January 2022

The purpose of the study was to assess the changes of biomarkers of diabetic macular edema activity by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) data and the relationship of these biomarkers with the response to anti-VEGF therapy during a two-year follow-up. Material and methods. The study included 59 patients (101) eyes, averagely aged 60.27 ± 9.50 years. The average number of intravitreal injections of aflibercept over the treatment period was 12.87 ± 3.50. The initial size of the foveolar avascular zone (FAZ) area — 0.37 ± 0.22 mm2 , and the acircularity index — 0.56 ± 0.14 remained unchanged after 5 months: 0.36 ± 0.24 mm2  and 0.56 ± 0.12, respectively, and being practically in the same level in 12 and 24 months. The large FAZ area, noted in the group where disorganization of retinal inner layers (DRIL) was observed (0.39 ± 0.21 mm2 ), correlated with a lower visual acuity (r = 0.67, p = 0.003). The acircularity index remained unchanged; no significant differences were found in the DRIL patient groups. After 5 loading injections, the average initial density of vessels in the macular region increased from 12.33 ± 3.86 mm to 12.75 ± 1.14 mm, after 1 year it was 13.48 ± 1.15 mm, after 2 years — 13.25 ± 3.39 mm. The average density of retinal perfusion increased at the 5th month from 29.81 ± 10.85 % to 31.55 ± 2.34 %, after 12 months to 32.91 ± 3.45, and by the end of the observation period to 31.41 ± 9.79 %. In the DRIL group, the baseline vascular density and mean perfusion volume were significantly lower: 11.17 ± 2.09 mm vs. 13.49 ± 1.14 mm and 28.40 ± 4.53 % vs. 31.20 ± 2.44 %). Conclusion. DRIL, a biomarker reflecting impaired capillary blood flow in the superficial capillary plexus and correlating with functional results, can be used as a predictor of antiangiogenic therapy effectiveness. After antiangiogenic therapy with DMO, the microcirculation indices (FAZ and acircularity) remained stable, and the vascular density and perfusion volume tended to increase, which testifies to the absence of ischemic damage.
Codes of Modern Written Communication: Acoustic-Auditory vs. Manual-Visual
Authors: Golev N. D.
Published: January 2022

The article introduces the semiotic, cognitive, and technical aspects of the most important trends in the modern written communication, which arise as a result of the competition between acoustic-auditory and manual-visual codes. The author believes that Russian education has to adapt to the contemporary trends in virtual communication, which requires a preliminary research. The problem is that the integral-systemic presentation of communicative content is developing as a result of the growing share of visual data in various types of communication. The school course of Russian is based on elementary strategies and cannot keep up with these changes. Video-clip unites give the visual-written perception much better holistic possibilities than those of the phono-auditory-written channel. The competition of these two forms of writing is unlikely to displace the weaker opposition member. Chances are that it will redistribute their functions based on the advantages of each form.
Discrediting Strategy in Internet Comments to Publications made by the Mayors of New York and London
Authors: Melnik N. V. , Mityakina O. V.
Published: January 2022

This research featured the lingua-personolological aspect of linguistic means and speech techniques connected with the use of discrediting strategy in online comments aimed at discrediting the authorities. The study was based on the methods of continuous sampling and linguistic analysis of official Facebook and Twitter pages of the mayors of New York and London. Lowering proved to be the leading strategy used in comments aimed at discrediting the government. The research revealed the prevailing tactics and techniques of the speech strategy for lowering, e.g. "analysis minus", insult, accusation, etc. Internet users appeared to have an individual style and vocabulary choice that depended on various subjective factors. The comments showed little trust for the government, which makes discrediting the authorities an important contemporary issue.
Admirative Category with an Assessment of Possibility and Motivation in Russian and Persian Interrogative Sentences
Authors: Kahnamouei T. Kh. , Hosseini A. A.
Published: January 2022

In Russian and Persian, the category of indirect evidentiality points out to some unreliable source of information. The category of admirativity expresses unexpected and new information gained by the speaker. Such interrogative sentences convey combine admirativity with diff erent modal meanings. Foreign students of Russian often fi nd it hard to distinguish these meanings in Russian interrogative sentences. The authors compared Russian and Persian interrogative sentences and the linguistics tools that refl ect the admirative category with an assessment of modal meanings of possibility and motivation. This is the fi rst research of the category of admirativity in the Persian language and the fi rst publication on the comparison of Russian and Persian interrogative sentences, as well as on the relationship between admirativity and modal meanings in Russian and Persian interrogative sentences. The research objective was to perform a comparative analysis of admirativity in Russian and Persian interrogative sentences and to study the situations in which this meaning conveys the surprise of the speaker from the availability or lack of possibility to perform a certain action. In both languages, admirativity can accompany the feeling of motivation in the subject of the speech act. The findings can be useful in teaching Russian as a foreign language.
Students of Railway College of the Town of Taiga in 1943–1991
Authors: Mishenin S. E.
Published: January 2022

The present article introduces a historical analysis of students of the Technical College of Taiga in 1943–1991. The socal analysis involved factorial, structural-systemic, and historical approaches. The Technical Railway College has almost 80 years of history, which makes it one of the leading educational institutions of its branch in the country. Since 1991, it has been the Taiga Institute of Railway Transport, a branch of the Omsk State Railway University. The author identified the changes in the contigent of applicants in 1943–1991. They appeared to be connected with the development of the country and education policy. The revealed characteristics made it possible to clarify the logic of the development of a particular institution based on the changes in the forms and methods of recruitment, payment, age, etc. In this regard, recruitment acted as a set of special methods, e.g.clubs of young naturalists, contests and conferences, material base, promotion of railway professions through alumni, etc. In addition, good working conditions and high salary were important factors that attracted people to the Technical College of Taiga.
Axiological Identity of Russian Students at Different Stages of Social Digitalization: a Meta-Analysis
Authors: Miklyaeva A. V. , Proekt Yu. L. , Khoroshikh V. V.
Published: January 2022

Social informatization and virtualization are changing the living environment and life values. The article introduces a meta-analysis of the axiological identity of Russian students at various stages of the social digitalization. The authors selected sources, defined their relevance based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and performed their qualitative and quantitative analysis. The sample included 90 publications, 53 of which featured Russian students. The resulting trends in the axiological identity of Russian students were compared with foreign studies. The research revealed the following developmental trends in the life values of Russian students: individualistic values are giving way to collective ones, and conservative values are becoming more and more significant.
Korea’s official development aid to MENA region countries
Authors: Choi Young-Chool
Published: January 2022

The aim of this study is to increase the effectiveness of Korean aid provision for countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, which are important ODA recipient countries from a Korean perspective, but have not been studied extensively in Korea. Although there are twenty countries in the MENA region, in this study five countries, Egypt, Algeria, Libya, Iran and Iraq, which are considered important from a Korean perspective, are targeted. The analysis includes an examination of the regional characteristics and the long-term development plans of these five countries, and the size and contents of aid projects provided by Korea to these countries. It is expected that as a result of this analysis Korea will be able to carry out aid projects involving these countries more effectively in the future.
role of job satisfaction mediate on the effect of entrepreneurial leadership on organizational citizenship behavior
Authors: Asril Akmil , Rahyuda Agoes Ganesha
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of entrepreneurial leadership and job satisfaction on organizational citizenship behavior, as well as to analyze the role of job satisfaction mediati the influence of entrepreneurial leadership on organizational citizenship behavior. The population in this study were employees of PT. BPR Lestari Bali totaled 409 people. The sample in this study were 124 respondents. This research uses PLS (Partial Least Square) analysis technique. The results show that entrepreneurial leadership has a positive and significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior. Entrepreneurial leadership has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction. Job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior. Job satisfaction as a partial mediation or partial mediation on the influence of entrepreneurial leadership on organizational citizenship behavior, meaning that the independent variable is able to directly influence the dependent variable or indirectly by involving the mediator variable. A leader in a company needs to have a clear vision, be creative, innovative, responsible, and be able to motivate to create positive things for employees by increasing entrepreneurial leadership and job satisfaction so that their organizational citizenship behavior will also increase.
Topical issues of formation state anti-corruption policy in Ukraine
Authors: Gulac Оlena , Holoviy Lyudmyla , Milova Tetiana , Troshkina Kateryna , Sobol Yevhen , Artem Scherbak , Oleksenko Roman
Published: January 2022

The purpose of the article is to identify existing problems in the formation and implementation of anti-corruption policy in Ukraine based on the analysis of research results of the current state of corruption in Ukraine, analysis of relevant regulations, and practice of its implementation. The methodology is based on the dialectical method of scientific knowledge, as well as special research methods based on modern scientific principles of legal, political, managerial, and related sciences. Results of the research. The article analyzes the current issues of state anti-corruption policy in Ukraine at the present stage. It is noted that corruption is one of the biggest problems of Ukrainian society and has great resistance to the development of Ukraine as a state. Ukraine currently has a whole system of anti-corruption bodies, some of which perform purely anti-corruption functions, while others perform anti-corruption functions as well. At the same time, the Basic Anti-Corruption Law defines a limited list of specially authorized entities in the field of anti-corruption. It is proved that the reserve of influence of public organizations in combating corruption offenses is still poorly used by the state on the initiative of the state itself.
Operationalizing and Implementing Pretrained, Large Artificial Intelligence Linguistic Models in the US Health Care System: Outlook of Generative Pretrained Transformer 3 (GPT-3) as a Service Model
Authors: Sezgin Emre , Sirrianni Joseph , Linwood Simon L
Published: January 2022

Generative pretrained transformer models have been popular recently due to their enhanced capabilities and performance. In contrast to many existing artificial intelligence models, generative pretrained transformer models can perform with very limited training data. Generative pretrained transformer 3 (GPT-3) is one of the latest releases in this pipeline, demonstrating human-like logical and intellectual responses to prompts. Some examples include writing essays, answering complex questions, matching pronouns to their nouns, and conducting sentiment analyses. However, questions remain with regard to its implementation in health care, specifically in terms of operationalization and its use in clinical practice and research. In this viewpoint paper, we briefly introduce GPT-3 and its capabilities and outline considerations for its implementation and operationalization in clinical practice through a use case. The implementation considerations include (1) processing needs and information systems infrastructure, (2) operating costs, (3) model biases, and (4) evaluation metrics. In addition, we outline the following three major operational factors that drive the adoption of GPT-3 in the US health care system: (1) ensuring Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act compliance, (2) building trust with health care providers, and (3) establishing broader access to the GPT-3 tools. This viewpoint can inform health care practitioners, developers, clinicians, and decision makers toward understanding the use of the powerful artificial intelligence tools integrated into hospital systems and health care.
La posición de las mujeres en programas de intervención estatal: territorios feminizados (México y Argentina)
Authors: Bard Wigdor Gabriela , Paz Magali , Camacho Becerra Jeli Edith
Published: January 2022

El trabajo analiza el rol de las mujeres en políticas públicas de anclaje territorial. Primero, y dado el contexto de crisis en ambos países donde fueron aplicados los programas, se reflexiona en torno a la importancia del Estado como articulación necesaria para la reactivación de las economías regionales. Luego, y en base a datos cualitativos, se observa que la labor femenina fluctúa entre lo que la economía formal considera “reproducción social” y la producción, propiamente dicha. Finalmente, se reflexiona que el aporte económico de las mujeres es invisibilizado a partir de la artificial división patriarcal/capitalista entre lo público y lo privado.
Sistemas agroalimentarios periurbanos: relaciones de proximidad rural-urbano en Coatepec, Ixtapaluca, México
Authors: Moreno Gaytán Silvia Iveth
Published: January 2022

La recuperación de cultivos emblemáticos para reconstruir sistemas agroalimentarios en territorios cambiantes

Resumen

El artículo es resultado de una investigación sobre la territorialidad y los sistemas agroalimentarios en el Oriente del Estado de México. El objetivo es mostrar las prácticas que las comunidades reconstruyen desde ámbitos locales para recuperar y rescatar alimentos con valor histórico y de proximidad cultural, vinculados y anclados a un territorio, aprovechando su interrelación con la ciudad. Los datos son hallazgos de herramientas de investigación cualitativa y el uso de técnicas cartográficas en Coatepec, pueblo productor de maguey, ubicado en el municipio de Ixtapaluca perteneciente al Estado de México. Los resultados señalan la forma en la que el territorio es producto y productor de fenómenos sociales que se reconfiguran a una escala regional en un contexto global.

Palabras clave: territorio, alimentos, local, proximidad, rural
Esperando el tren: productividad territorial y el proyecto de alta velocidad ferroviaria en México
Authors: Guerrero Fernández José Antonio , Kato-Vidal Enrique Leonardo
Published: January 2022

En el presente artículo se empleó un índice de accesibilidad de interacción espacial para evaluar los efectos que sobre la cohesión territorial tendría el añadir un servicio de alta velocidad ferroviaria a los medios de transporte existentes. Se estudió la ruta desde Guadalajara al Puerto de Veracruz pasando por la Ciudad de México y otras ciudades importantes. Se evaluó el incremento de la cohesión territorial entre regiones en base al aumento de la productividad que tendría cada par de ciudades en donde se incluiría el tren de alta velocidad de pasajeros. La cohesión territorial se estimó evaluando la demanda de pasajeros que tendría el tren de alta velocidad, el índice de accesibilidad territorial y usando una función de producción agregada. Se halló evidencia de que el tren de alta de velocidad estaría asociado con mayores tasas de intercambio económico regional y consecuentemente con un mayor nivel de productividad.
El financiamiento como estrategia de desarrollo en microempresas artesanales de San Bartolo Coyotepec, Oaxaca, México
Authors: López García Adriana , Ramírez Urquidy Martín Arturo , López García Arturo César
Published: January 2022

Este trabajo examina la influencia de los financiamientos en el desempeño de las microempresas artesanales de San Bartolo Coyotepec, Oaxaca, México. Para ello, se aplicaron encuestas y entrevistas semiestructuradas a actores clave del desarrollo local y empresarios artesanales entre enero y febrero de 2017. Los resultados evidencian que, si bien los créditos contribuyen en el desempeño de las empresas, coexisten otros factores que influyen en su desempeño como la voluntad del líder y los problemas sociales y del contexto de las localidades donde se encuentran.
ALLERGIC RHINITIS AND IMPORTANCE OF FEXOFENADINE HCL SUSTAINED RELEASE MICROSPHERE AS ITS TREATMENT APPROACH
Authors: AREFIN PAROMA , HABIB MD SHEHAN , AHMED NAZIM UDDIN , RAHIM MD ABDUR , IBRAHIM MD , BHATTACHARJEE SREEBASH CHANDRA , CHAKRABORTY DIPANKAR , DAS SUMON , KARMAKAR DEBABRATA , BHOWMIK DIP , ISLAM SHIRMIN , AREFIN MD SAIDUL
Published: January 2022

The current treatment approaches for allergic rhinitis are practiced over decades, but the patient quality of life has not yet changed so much. The reasons are research gaps in pathophysiology of the disease, proper management of the disease. Fexofenadine HCl is a second-generation antihistamine drug which has a half-life of about 14.4 h. It is useful in the management of common symptoms like sneezing, itchy throat, and red eyes in individuals suffering from allergic rhinitis. Fexofenadine immediate release or sustained release formulations are available in the market as suspension, tablet and capsule. In this research paper, we have discussed the symptoms associated with allergic rhinitis and treatment approaches. Fexofenadine HCl is being used for the treatment of this disease. But as it has a long half-life, we have discussed the importance of the introduction of sustained-release microsphere formulation of Fexofenadine HCl in the market.
SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF TIGECYCLINE AND ITS POTENTIAL IMPURITIES BY A STABILITY-INDICATING RP-HPLC-UV DETECTION TECHNIQUE
Authors: KISHORE V. N. V. , RAMANA G. V.
Published: January 2022

Objective: Stability representing the RP-HPLC method was established for synchronized quantification of Tigecycline and its impurities. This method was confirmed for its applicability to both tablet dosage and bulk drug forms.
Methods: Intended for an isocratic elution, a mobile phase containing methanol: 10 mmol Triethylamine Buffer mixture (75:25 v/v, pH 6.1) was used at 1 ml/min flow rate and Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse XDB C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column.
Results: At 231 nm as wavelength, high-pitched peaks of Tigecycline (Tig) and its impurities (1and2) were detected at 6.55, 8.73 and 4.87 min correspondingly. The linearity of tigecycline and its impurities (impurity-1 and 2 and) were estimated with ranging from 75–450 µg/ml for Tigecycline and 1–6 µg/ml for both impurity 1 and 2. The corresponding recognition limits (LOD and LOQ) of the tigecycline and its impurities were originated to be (1.37,0.047 and 0.071 µg/ml) and (4.15, 0.143 and 0.126 µg/ml).
Conclusion: The technique was effectively stretched for stability signifying studies under different stress conditions. Justification of the method was done as per the current ICH guidelines.
DERMATOLOGIC GELS SPREADABILITY MEASURING METHODS COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: ELENA O. BAKHRUSHINA , MARIA N. ANUROVA , MICHAEL S. ZAVALNIY , NATALIA B. DEMINA , ALEXANDER I. BARDAKOV , IVAN I. KRASNYUK
Published: January 2022

Objective: The main objective of our study is the comprehensive analysis and characterization of the existing spreadability evaluation strategies, the comparison of the obtained results reproducibility and convergence through the example of the 9 most widely used dermatological gels.
Methods: Dolobene®, Flucinar®, Ketorol®, Contractubex®, Dr. Theiss Venen gel®, Solcoseryl®, Deep Relief®, Hepatrombin® pharmacopoeia gel samples were analyzed using parallel-plate, “slip and drag”, and viscometry methods. Analysis was performed in flow mode at 32±0.2 °C, over shear rates ranging from 0 to 350 s−1, increasing over a period of 120 s, and was maintained at the superior limit for 10 s and then decreased during the same period. At least 5 replicates of each sample were evaluated, and the upward flow curves were fitted using the Casson mathematical model.
Results: Solcoseryl® and Dolobene® showed the best spreadability in the parallel-plate method (3115.66±50.00 and 3316.63±50.00, respectively); Contractubex® and Dolobene showed the best spreadability in the “slip and drag” test (73.46±0.5 and 18.32±0.5, respectively); Solcoseryl® and Contractubex® showed the best spreadability in the viscometry test (43.86±0.5 and 76.92±0.5, respectively).
Conclusion: This study analyzed the existing methods for determining the spreadability using commercially available samples of the dermatological gels as examples. The viscometric and the "Slip and drag" methods use different characteristics of spreadability, giving a complex evaluation of the measured parameter in vitro. Therefore, the combination of these two methods has the greatest prospects for reliable determination of this indicator.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF WOUND HEALING GEL OF WHITE LEADTREE (LEUCAENA LEUCOCEPHALA (LAM.) DE WIT.) LEAVES EXTRACT
Authors: VERONICA EVY FENNY , DWIASTUTI RINI
Published: January 2022

Objective: The aim of this research is to formulate and evaluate the wound healing gel of Leucaena leucocephala leaves extract.
Methods: In this research, the extract of Leucaena leaves was formulated into wound healing gel by using a variation of the concentration of Carbopol as a gelling agent and Propylene glycol as a humectant. Afterward, the gel's physical properties (pH, viscosity, spreadability), stability, and sterility were tested. The wound healing activity was evaluated by making excision wounds on the Wistar Albino rat's back, and then the gels were applied to the wound every day. The wound's size was measured and counted as the percentage of wound closure.
Results: The result showed that Formula 4 (contains 1.5% of Carbopol and 12% of Propylene glycol) has the best physical characteristics and wound healing activity. Formula 4 showed 100% wound closure on the 11th day of the treatment, while the negative control only reached 49.12%. The statistical parameter with the p-value<0.05 stated that they are significantly different.
Conclusion: This research demonstrated that gel with Leucaena leaf extract has good physical characteristics, and it can significantly improve the wound healing process.
LONG-TERM IMMUNOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF COVID-19 ON HEALTH
Authors: KADAM HARSHADA , KAPHARE GAURI , AVHAD RUPALI , AHER PRAJWAL , GADE NIKHIL , BAJAIT MANOJ , TALELE SWATI , JADHAV ANIL
Published: January 2022

SARS-Cov-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus) that initially came to notice in December 2019 is the agent responsible for COVID-19 is still spreading rapidly worldwide and it is presently a potent danger to the world and also to the economy. Patients with COVID-19 are still at risk of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), respiratory failure, and death. Those patients whose aged more than sixty years with comorbidities, children, and healthcare workers are highly vulnerable to this virus patient shows various symptoms most commonly cough, fever, difficulty in breathing, fatigue, sore throat. The infection could be categorized into three stages: mild infection, the pulmonary stage, and the inflammatory stage. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, it has been clear that infection caused due to SARS-Cov-2 might be responsible for the unpredicted long-term health consequences. In addition to this, it has acute respiratory manifestations, adversely SARS-Cov-2 also affects the other organ systems. However, there is limited to the management of COVID-19 related conditions of the extrapulmonary systems. After recovery, patients remain at risk for lung disease, heart disease, and mental ailment. There may be long-term consequences of adverse effects they observed in the course of COVID-19 and during its treatment. This review provided information about the extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 that may impair the urinary, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hematological, hematopoietic, neurological, or reproductive systems. Also, the main purpose of this article is to describe the current concern of the extra pulmonary complications that were caused due to COVID-19 and also to improve the management and diagnosis of these patients.
LESSONS AND NEW PERSPECTIVES: IS CONVALESCENT PLASMA THERAPY EFFECTIVE ON COVID-19 PATIENTS?
Authors: TAURUSTYA HERNITA , YUNITA SRI , YSRAFIL YSRAFIL , PRATIWI NUKE , RAHMATIAH ANINDITA
Published: January 2022

Objective: Recently, convalescent plasma (CP) therapy has shown promising evidence in the treatment of several serious contagious diseases, including SARS-CoV, Influenza and Ebola. We conducted a systematic review to extract data about using CP treatment for COVID-19 patients and it’s effectively.
Methods: The retrieval of studies was conducted according to Cochrane Collaboration and from electronic databases including PubMed, Medline, and others (medRxiv and BioRxiv). Searching of the available evidence concerning CP treatment of COVID-19 patients was conducted in journal articles published between December 2019 and October 2020. The articles were further screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria to identify the high-quality studies for analysis.
Results: A total of 18 CP studies were included in this review. We found variance regarding the effectiveness of CP in the reduction of mortality rate, length of stay, and increased discharging rate. Several findings show CP therapy is effective in increasing viral negativity, neutralizing antibodies to recipients, does not cause harmful adverse reactions and in some cases can improve clinical symptoms. This therapy is presently considered effective for generating good clinical outcomes when given early in the course of the disease.
Conclusion: The effectiveness of CP in terms of mortality, length of stay, and increased discharging patients is still debatable. However, CP therapy is effective in increasing the negativity of SARS-CoV-2 test, neutralizing antibody titer and is safe so it can be considered for COVID-19 patients. CP should not be given in the initial disease course but is recommended for the early disease course.
TRANSDERMAL THERAPEUTIC SYSTEMS–AN INNOVATIVE METHOD TO PREVENT THE FORMATION OF KELOIDS
Authors: GULYAKIN ILYA
Published: January 2022

Modern medicine has achieved significant results in the development of techniques to avoid surgeries. However, surgical methods are still one of the main tools for treating pathologies in the human body. Plastic surgery and cosmetology are gaining popularity every year, and sports injuries require the use of combined treatment methods, but any such intervention leads to the risk of keloids. The younger the person, the higher the likelihood of developing a keloid, due to the high degree of elasticity of the skin at an earlier age, which is prone to scarring than in older people. Women are at higher risk of developing keloids than men because their skin is more elastic. Thus, children and young women are most at risk of keloid formation, both as a result of physiological processes of skin scarring and preference for plastic surgery, cosmetic procedures and other methods of correction. In world pharmaceutical practice, there are not enough existing ways to prevent the development of keloid. It is necessary to conduct research on the selection of a fundamentally new structural basis for a transdermal therapeutic system containing the most effective and safe compounds of the regenerating and antioxidant mechanisms of action (vitamins and other biologically active compounds) from the point of view of preventing the formation of keloids, which will help in solving the problem of not only preventing the formation of keloids in the dermis, but also its subsequent growth and exit to the surface layers of the skin.
FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CYCLODEXTRIN BASED CURCUMIN LOADED NANOSPONGE
Authors: AKARTE ANUP M. , PATIL PRAKASH H.
Published: January 2022

Objective: The aim of proposed work is to develop and screen cyclodextrin based Nanosponge loaded with poorly soluble anticancer drug and to optimize most suitable Nanosystem with increased solubility and dissolution rate.
Methods: Cyclodextrinnanosponge (CDNS) was prepared using pyromelliticdianhydride as a crosslinker for beta cyclodextrin monomer. Cyclodextrinnanosponge and curcumin were taken in 1:1 w/w proportion. The resultant curcumin loaded nanosponges were dried at 50±0.5 °C for 24 h.
Results: The absorbance maxima for Curcumin was seen at 424.0 nm and for cyclodextrin was seen at 290.0 nm, The average melting point of pure drug is 181 °C which is complies with Stander melting point of drug and the aspect ratio of the nanosponge was found 1.037. Zeta potential noticed for CUR-CD-NS were more negative contrasted with separate plain CUR (−20.1±1.57) demonstrating solidness of the nanodispersion. Curcumin release from CUR-CDNS was upgraded to very nearly 10 folds toward the finish of 8 hour. Treatment with a combination of CUR-CDNS at 1:1 and 1:3 ratios resulted in an IC50 value was found 14.98 μg/ml.
Conclusion: In vitro cytotoxicity study and combination index analysis showed the synergistic effect of CUR-CDNS against MCF-7 cells. The present study reveals that the combination of curcumin results in higher cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells.
FORMULATION, OPTIMIZATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS CONTAINING EPLERENONE
Authors: SHINDE RAMESH , VELRAJ MALARKODI
Published: January 2022

Objective: The proposed work was aimed at optimization, formulation, and characterization of transdermal patches of eplerenone for efficient transdermal delivery of the drug.
Methods: The log p estimation of eplerenone is 1.34, it was closer to standard worth. Log P value in a range of 1 to 4 indicates higher permeation through the skin. FTIIR study was carried out individually for drug, each polymer, and finished product (Patches) compared eplerenone and FTIR spectra of pure drug and polymer. The calibration curve of eplerenone in Phosphate buffer pH 6.8 was analyzed.
Results: The selected range of eplerenone was found to be linear. A regression coefficient (R2) at 245 nm was found to be 0.994. Drug content outcomes additionally discovered uniform in all clusters in a range of 97 % to 98 %, that batches arranged with ERS 100 show great mechanical properties contrast with different polymers however helpless glue properties. The flatness of 4 cm2 patches ranges from 348±0.087 mg to 387±0.527 mg. skin irritation it was produced irritation with negligible erythema following 10 d and unequivocal erythema, promptly obvious edema was produced following 12 d.
Conclusion: These after-effects of the in vivo skin irritation study recommended that advanced batch S9 doesn't show any kind of significant disturbance on rodent skin for as long as 14 d and it was securely utilized around 24 h. the optimized batch S9 drug was constantly discharged through the Wistar rodent skin up to 16 hr and the delivery design was like an in vitro dissolution profile of the market product.
CURCUMIN MICROENCAPSULATION USING CHITOSAN–ETHYL CELLULOSE–GMS MIXTURE FOR PRESERVATION OF MUCOADHESIVE PROPERTIES AND CONTROLLED RELEASE KINETIC
Authors: RAHMAT DENI , FARIDA YUNAHARA , YANTIH NOVI , DEWI GITA SEPTYANA , PURNAMA SARAH ANGELA
Published: January 2022

Objective: This research aimed to prepare curcumin microcapsules by the spray drying method and to evaluate their characteristics.
Methods: The microcapsules were prepared by the spray drying method. The generated microcapsules were evaluated for organoleptic, morphology, particle size, the percentage of curcumin and water content. Furthermore, the release of curcumin from the microcapsules was tested in vitro and compared to uncoated curcumin powder. In addition, the mucoadhesive properties of uncoated curcumin powder and curcumin microcapsules were also evaluated.
Results: The results showed that the microcapsules had spherical shape with particle size in the range of 100–1009 µm and water content of 9.34% (w/w) (FIII) and 8.09% (w/w) (FVI). The release of curcumin from its uncoated powder and the microcapsules FVI within 8 h were 8.87% and 26.32% (w/w), respectively. It was found that the mucoadhesive properties of microcapsules FVI were better than those of FIII and uncoated curcumin powder. Microcapsules FVI rendered the cumulative amount of curcumin remaining on the intestinal mucosa of 55% (w/w) within 3 h.
Conclusion: Accordingly, curcumin microcapsules generated by spray drying could be further formulated into various solid dosage forms for a better therapeutic effect.