bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-management of chronic oedema in the community
Authors: Todd Marie
Published: May 2014

The number of people living with long-term conditions in the UK is increasing. This is putting an immense strain on already stretched health and social care resources. Government strategies are aimed at encouraging and supporting self-management of these conditions. Self-management of chronic oedema has always been a key aspect of care planning for this patient group. This article focuses on how nurses can encourage and support self-management in chronic oedema.
Pilot study of an assessment tool for measuring head and neck lymphoedema
Authors: Nixon Jodie , Purcell Amanda , Fleming Jennifer , McCann Andrew , Porceddu Sandro
Published: May 2014

Head and neck lymphoedema (HNL) is a persistent symptom for many patients following head and neck cancer treatment. There is limited research into the benefits of lymphoedema treatment with this population. This pilot study (n=8) employs the Assessment of Lymphoedema of Head and Neck (ALOHA) system to evaluate treatment changes in this clinical population. The ALOHA assessment combines the use of the Princess Alexandra Hospital tape measurement system and the use of Tissue Dielectric Constant (MoistureMeterD) to measure HNL. Baseline measures were taken at the start of treatment and were repeated when the participants had reduced one level on the MD Anderson Cancer Centre HNL rating scale. The MoistureMeterD and three of the four tape measurement points showed a statistically significant change over time. This indicates the ALOHA system was useful in objectively detecting changes associated with clinical improvements.
Diabetes: causes, complications and management
Authors: Sewell Joanne
Published: May 2014

Diabetes is becoming increasingly prevalent in the UK and as a direct result, healthcare assistants (HCAs) and assistant practitioners (APs) will be helping in the provision of care for diabetic patients on a more regular basis. This article explains the diagnosis, treatment and care of patients with diabetes and considers what HCAs and APs can do to help.
Living with epilepsy and recommendations for care
Authors: Frodsham Maxine
Published: May 2014

I have photo-sensitive epilepsy, and my seizures can be triggered by strobe lighting or similar rapidly flashing lights, computer games and flat bed scanners. Around the age of ten, I began having a cluster of grand mal seizures. This obviously prompted my mother to take me to the doctor's and the local children's hospital and I was then diagnosed. I had regular hospital visits and tests during, and for some time after my diagnosis, between the ages of about ten up to 15. I attended my local children's hospital, where I saw a consultant, and my GP on a regular basis.
Multiples traumas and recommendations for care
Authors: Thomas Austin
Published: May 2014

I started working as a nurse in 1973, after qualifying I first worked in spinal injuries then spent four years in orthopaedic theatre before moving onto the orthopaedic ward. I spent two years as charge nurse before drifting over to the School of Nursing. Throughout my time in the school I have worked part time in genito-urinary medicine as I am a great believer in practicing what you preach and would have missed the patient contact.
Mealtimes with the elderly: results of videotaped research
Authors: Welch Rachel
Published: May 2014

Britain is getting older and in recent years newspaper stories have highlighted a growing discontent within British society with its treatment of older people, particularly those in need of care. The suspicion of rationing care and treatment for elderly is never far from the surface of stories reported in the daily press. Hospital food has been the butt of many jokes for numerous years, but the reality is that food plays an important role in the recovery of a patient; therefore it is paramount that older patients in hospital are well fed. This article looks at a study which involved videotaping mealtimes and improving care as a result.
An explanation of the Knowledge and Skills Framework
Authors: Page Gwyneth
Published: May 2014

The NHS Knowledge and Skills Framework (KSF) describes the knowledge and skills which NHS staff, including healthcare assistants (HCAs), need to apply in their work in order to deliver quality services. It provides a consistent, comprehensive framework on which to base review and development for all staff.
Stroke: causes, medical treatment and care needs
Authors: Nazarko Linda
Published: May 2014

Every year 130000 people living in the UK suffer a stroke, 10000 are aged 55 or under and 1000 are under 30 years old (Stroke Association, 2007). A third of people who have a stroke do not survive and two thirds of survivors have some degree of disability. Advances in diagnosis and treatment of stroke can reduce disability and improve ability. This article aims to enable you to understand why strokes occur, what treatment the person requires and how you can contribute to enabling the person to recover.
What is Asperger's syndrome?
Authors: Barber Christopher
Published: May 2014

Asperger's syndrome is a highly complex but poorly understood learning disability which affects about 600000 people in the UK (Hainsworth, 2006). This short article aims to define what Asperger's syndrome is, highlight some of the strengths and weaknesses of having and being Asperger's, highlights some of the available information and literature resources and some simple implications for healthcare staff.
Obtain the skills to get ahead
Authors: Eaton Anne
Published: May 2014

As the roles of healthcare assistants (HCAs) and assistant practitioners (APs) grow, so does the need to make sure that these staff can have access to relevant, high-quality education, training programmes and learning opportunities. These programmes come in a variety of forms, some will be delivered by further education colleges or other providers, others by universities. The quality of providers will be assessed and monitored through a number of channels, but the content must be relevant to your role, and it must be based on and in practice, ideally through the use of competences.
An overview of men's health and the role of the HCA
Authors: Peate Ian
Published: May 2014

This article provides the reader with a short introduction to men's health. Some of the key issues that impinge upon the health of men are discussed. By beginning to understand the specific and gender sensitive issues that men face may help to provide them with care and advice that is appropriate and effective.
Assessment and management of venous leg ulcers
Authors: Whitehurst Fran
Published: May 2014

It has been estimated that at any one time, approximately 110000 people (0.18% of the UK population) are suffering from a leg ulcer (Cornwall et al, 1986). Studies show that up to 50% of district nurses' time is taken up with leg ulcer care (Bosanquet, 1992), and the financial costs are high at between 1% and 2% of the UK health budget (Ruckley, 1997). There is evidence that leg ulcers seriously impact on patients' quality of life, causing pain, embarrassment, social isolation and lack of mobility (Hamer et al, 1994). The incidence of leg ulceration rises with advancing age and it is therefore possible that we will see more patients with leg ulcers as our population profile becomes older. This will directly affect many healthcare assistants and assistant practitioners who work with the elderly.
Time to reflect
Authors: Vaughan Paul
Published: May 2014

Writing a regular column has meant that I have started to look back on each month to consider whether it has been good, challenging, exciting etc. And when I look back on this month I realize that it has been a challenging one. A friend of mine has had to cope with the unexpected death of her son and her father within the same week and my friend and neighbour has had to cope with the death of her husband. Being with them in their time of grief has been a challenge as I so wanted to do something to make me and them feel better all the while knowing that all I can do is be there and listen.
New skills for HCAs phlebotomy
Authors: Thornett Andrew
Published: May 2014

There is an increasing emphasis on preventing disease in modern health care, whether through primary (stopping disease from occurring initially) or secondary (stopping it from occurring again) prevention. To enable this to occur, health professionals need to be able to measure an individual's risk of developing a disease. Blood test results are an important part of this risk assessment. Healthcare assistants are increasingly training to become phlebotomists in their hospitals, clinics and surgeries and this article discusses why you want to find out more about this important role.
In the Queen Alexandra's Royal Army Nursing Corps
Authors: Charlesworth Andrea
Published: May 2014

For the past seventeen years I have been employed as a healthcare assistant (HCA) in the Queen Alexandra's Royal Army Nursing Corps (QARANC). When I first joined the army I had previously considered becoming a nurse and had completed a pre-nursing course, but then one rainy day in Hull I saw the Army careers information office and thought that I would go and have a look. Two weeks later, after I had a medical and sat some tests I ended up in Aldershot having an interview to see if I was suitable to become a HCA (then called ward stewardess). I passed the interview and was accepted for training. For the next 11 years I served in military hospitals in Germany, Woolwich and Catterick, however, since the closure of Military Hospitals most of the HCAs in the QARANC now work in what are known as Ministry of Defence hospital units (MDHUs). These MDHUs have military medical and nursing staff working alongside their civilian counterparts in NHS Trusts located in Birmingham, Portsmouth, Northallerton Frimley Park and Peterborough. However, some HCAs still have the opportunity to work in military establishments in Cyprus and Germany.
Getting to grips with credit-based learning
Authors: Birtles Pat
Published: May 2014

Employers are seeking specific training and education which is tailored to the needs of their particular work force rather than relying on the educational packages that have previously been offered by universities and colleges. More people are accessing further and higher education and there is a growth in non-traditional modes of learning. With a myriad of opportunities available it is important that healthcare workers should be able to maximize their learning. This article summarizes current perspectives of the sources of learning and how this learning can be recognized through a credit-based system. The term ‘credit’ in higher education is explored in terms of its constituent elements and how it relates to academic levels. The importance of a nationally agreed system which uses credit as the basis for academic award such as a higher education diploma or degree will be outlined.
Healthcare assistants: where to go from here?
Authors: Edwards Sharon L
Published: May 2014

It has emerged that a number of healthcare assistants (HCAs) want to gain better education to ensure evidenced-based nursing practice. Undertaking a diploma or degree includes practice experience, but highly values science as its primary basis. This is proposed to be deficient alone as it fails to give HCAs a deeper understanding of practice through learning from it, to care at a higher level. To facilitate this there needs to be a way to access a professional qualification in nursing that values learning from practice. The subject of a practice pathway to achieving professional registration as a nurse, open to HCAs and direct entrants, is open for debate.
Professional or a professional?
Authors: Vaughan Paul
Published: May 2014

We are in the autumn conference and exhibition season again and I have had an interesting time observing the behaviour of people attending these events. It has given rise to me thinking about what it means to be professional and to be part of a profession. Are they one in the same thing? Following last month's opinion column when I stated that healthcare assistants (HCAs) are professionals, I have been asked to clarify this comment. So I have had to explore my beliefs and opinions about this. This month's question for you is: are you professional or are you a professional?
A Canterbury tale
Authors: Smith Julie
Published: May 2014

The ‘Engage in Excellence: Network for Success Patient Safety conference was held in order to launch the Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professionals (NMAHP) Network. This network could not have been launched at a better time. NHS healthcare providers in Kent will profit greatly from this support base following the negative press coverage Kent has received recently.
The importance of the multidisciplinary team
Authors: Atwal Anita , Jones Mandy
Published: May 2014

Current healthcare policy in the UK advocates that healthcare professionals should work as effective multidisciplinary team members. However, while the healthcare assistant (HCA) role is being extended, there is little evidence of it being formally recognised within the multidisciplinary team. Indeed most articles do not even refer to the role of the HCA in the context of the multidisciplinary team. Most HCAs have daily contact with patients and as such, have a good understanding of their health and social care needs. Therefore it is essential that they feel able to discuss and share information about the patient with other team members. The issue is whether HCAs are equipped with the appropriate skills? More over what are the current challenges in clinical practice and how can they be resolved.
Manual handling in healthcare support work
Authors: Rinds Gitte
Published: May 2014

Healthcare support workers are pivotal to manual handling: they do the care tasks, assess risk and have a wealth of experience and knowledge. Manual handling safety relies on their skills in risk assessment and handling. This article considers the importance of safe manual handling, risk assessment, the law and useful equipment designed to aid the care worker.
Common neurological disorders: Parkinson's disease
Authors: Swann Julie
Published: May 2014

This article on Parkinsonism is the first of a series on common neurological disorders. It describes the clinical presentation of Parkinsonism, explaining the main symptoms and medical treatments. It is important for healthcare assistants to recognize the signs and symptoms so that they can be proactive in seeking appropriate help for sufferers. There is a glossary at the end of the article which provides definitions of words you may not be familiar with.
Assistant practitioners in radiography
Authors: Winnard Yvette , Kittle Sylvia
Published: May 2014

Assistant Practitioners (APs) were introduced into the radiography profession as part of the four tier structure (College of Radiographers, 2003) to address issues with retention and recruitment of staff. APs work within protocols under the supervision of qualified radiographers; providing care to patients and undertaking a wide range of procedures. This article outlines opportunities available to a wider population as a result of a series of government and professional body initiatives within the diverse profession of radiography.
World AIDS day
Authors: Peate Ian
Published: May 2014

World AIDS day has been held on 1st of December every year since its conception in 1988 and every year has its own theme. This year marks the 20th anniversary of World AIDS Day and the UK theme is ‘Respect and Protect’. The aim of the day is to bring together individuals and organizations from around the world to raise the profile of the global AIDS epidemic. Healthcare assistants (HCAs) and assistant practitioners (APs) respect and protect a number of people by providing high quality care and support to a wide range of individuals in a variety of health and social care settings.
Falls part 4: Prevention, assessment and intervention
Authors: Nazarko Linda
Published: May 2014

Assessment is a vitally important aspect of falls prevention. It enables staff to identify who is at risk of falling and why the person is falling. Staff can then work as a team to treat risk factors and reduce a person's risk of falling.
Lost in translation
Authors: Vaughan Paul
Published: May 2014

Usually when I go on holiday I know a few words of the lingo of the country I am visiting. I have just been to Turkey and not only did I not know any of the lingo going on holiday, I still had none coming back. It was strange being in a place where the road signs and signs in shops off the beaten track meant nothing to me. When I ended up in a back street lost, I was unable to make myself understood. I approached someone I thought was a policeman for help but alas he was not. I am not really sure what he did for a living, he might have been a parking attendant but whatever his role, he was unable to help. I felt confused and quite alone not knowing where to go or who to talk to for help to find my way back to the tourist area. As you can see, I did find my way back, as here I am in the UK wishing I was back in lovely Turkey in the wonderful sunshine and the beautiful surroundings!
Paediatrics: recognizing and treating a sick baby
Authors: Grainger Angela
Published: May 2014

Most people, unless they are experienced in child health as a healthcare professional, are naturally worried that they might not recognize when a baby is quite sick, or is starting to become so. The reason for this concern is the universal recognition that babies are vulnerable and are dependant for their nourishment, sustenance, and general wellbeing, on those adults who are placed in a position, either legally or socially to care for them.
Living with a stoma
Authors: Roberts Gareth
Published: May 2014

My name is Gareth, I am 51 years old, married and have two teenage sons. I work as a postman in a very beautiful rural area on the foothills of Cader Idris in North Wales.
Venepuncture and cannulation: theoretical aspects
Authors: Hobson Pat
Published: May 2014

Historically venepuncture and cannulation were procedures undertaken predominately by nurses and doctors, however, in recent years, this role has extended to HCAs. As both procedures involve an invasive process, knowledge and skill is required. This article is the first of a two part series focusing on the key theoretical and practical aspects involved in venepuncture and cannulation and the implications this has for HCAs.

There is a glossary at the end of the article which provides definitions of words you may not be familiar with.
In the community
Authors: Jones Sian
Published: May 2014

I am a healthcare assistant working in a rural community in North Wales. The district nursing team I work alongside comprises three part-time staff nurses and one full-time team leader. I have been in this post for almost four years now, but my background is in mental health nursing, working in the local Elderly Mentally Infirm (EMI) unit in the community hospital which I did for five years. I hope very soon to begin my second NVQ having already completed an NVQ in care at level 3.
Choice, capacity, treatment and care
Authors: Nazarko Linda
Published: May 2014

Mrs Margaret Metcalf is confused, dirty and dishevelled and is declining to bath. She has been assessed as lacking capacity to make decisions so staff have a duty to provide care in her best interests. This article uses a fictional case study to explore how staff can work with family and friends to provide care that meets the needs and aspirations of people who lack capacity.

This article follows on from ‘When patients refuse treatment’ published in the January issue of the British Journal of Healthcare Assistants which considered the issue of patients who refused care when they had been assessed as having capacity (Nazarko, 2008).
Wound assessment: the role of the healthcare support worker
Authors: Lloyd-Jones Menna
Published: May 2014

Understanding wound assessment is vital to the care of patients with wounds. Predominately wound assessment should be the role of a registered nurse with knowledge of tissue viability. However, the healthcare assistant and assistant practitioner (collevtively referred to in this article as healthcare support workers) need to have an understanding of wound assessment in order to be able to report any changes, either improvements or deterioration in the wound. This article will discuss the importance of wound assessment and highlight factors that need to be reported.
Working with children
Authors: Psenicova Monika
Published: May 2014

I came to England in 1998 from Slovakia and worked as a nanny. I always enjoyed working with children, but as time went on, I felt that I needed a different challenge within the field of child care. A friend of mine who works as a healthcare assistant (HCA) told me about her job and it really appealed to me. I decided I wanted to do the same and so I applied for a job as an HCA at Kings College Hospital.
Multiple sclerosis part 2: feeding problems
Authors: Swann Julie
Published: May 2014

This is the second in a series of articles on multiple sclerosis (MS). This article focuses on difficulties faced by people with MS with feeding. These problems can be tackled in a variety of ways and the article considers and explains these solutions.
In palliative care
Authors: Hope Clare
Published: May 2014

I am a healthcare assistant (HCA) working in the in-patient unit of St. Christopher's Hospice, providing specialist palliative care in South London. This unit cares for patients approaching the end of their lives particularly in cases where there are more complex issues. This will also include care and support of their families.
Mattie's poem
Authors: Lloyd Jones Menna
Published: May 2014

Although I have been familiar with Mattie's Poem for a while, the reality of it was brought home to me a few weeks ago when I went to visit an elderly lady in hospital. The poem was written by a retired nurse about an elderly woman called Mattie that she had cared for. It imagines what Mattie is thinking as she is treated by the nurse:
Back to school
Authors: Wiles Suzanne
Published: May 2014

After being a registered child minder for 15years and caring for approximately 30children, I decided I needed a change. My family was growing up and no longer needed me to be at home full-time so I enrolled on a part-time B/Tec Nursery Nurse course. After 2years of hard work I eventually qualified and it was not long after this that I applied for the position of health care support worker (HCSW) with the school nursing team which consists of one coordinator, four school nurses, four staff nurses and three HCSWs, we work from three bases in the Leeds area.
Supporting people in their homes
Authors: Hewitt-Taylor Jaqui
Published: May 2014

An increasing number of people need assistance to enable them to live at home. Healthcare assistants often provide the majority of their everyday support, and strongly influence their quality of life and so it is important to have a good understanding of the fundamental needs and expectations of the people they care for.
Caring for the person with conjunctivitis
Authors: Peate Ian
Published: May 2014

Sight is one of the special senses along with hearing, smell, touch and taste, and loss of sight or a disturbance of vision can have a devastating effect on a person's health and wellbeing; the sense of sight allows an individual to experience their world. This article discusses the care of a person with conjunctivitis (inflammation of the conjunctiva), and provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the eye, with possible treatment options discussed so that healthcare assistants and assistant practitioners can provide safe, effective and sensitive care that is underpinned by knowledge. Failure to treat conjunctivitis, or inappropriate treatment or care can result in eye loss.
Emerging technologies and enhanced therapeutics
Authors: Green Barrie
Published: May 2014

A senior nursing colleague and close friend recently described me as an optimist...one that is hopelessly lost in a maze of opportunities for a brighter future for the nursing profession and the role of the HCA. As I am generally a ‘glass half empty’ person I found this quite worrying. Further debate isolated a hypothetical basis of my current malady that was nothing to do with positive thinking, but more akin to my status as a supporter of Middlesbrough Football Club...after living on a continuous diet of despair and disappointment but promised a future paradise, I have become socialized into hopeless dreaminess!
Pharmacology - a systems approach: respiratory system
Authors: Hennefer Dawn , Lawson Elizabeth
Published: May 2014

The second article in this series will consider the respiratory system with a focus on inhalation medicines. Initially the article provides an overview of the important anatomical features of the respiratory system and then concentrates on some key drugs used to treat the most well-known respiratory diseases. According to the British Thoracic Society (2006) 51000000 prescriptions were issued in England in 2004 and 50% of these were bronchodilators used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Special observations: people with mental illness
Authors: Peate Ian , McGrory Charlie
Published: May 2014

Observation is an important skill for all healthcare workers, however, in the acute phases of mental illness, there may be some patients who become a risk to themselves or others. When this is the case the key objective is to prevent harm to the patient or others. Special observation may need to be undertaken, if the healthcare assistant (HCA) or assistant practitioner (AP) undertakes this delegated activity then they must avoid seeing this as a custodial activity, it should be viewed as an opportunity to interact in a therapeutic way and engage with the patient on a one-to-one basis. This article provides a definition of the term ‘special observation’ and discusses the role of the HCA or AP in providing safe, effective, therapeutic care.
Helping people understand the value of self-care
Authors: Wrixon Sarah
Published: May 2014

Royal College of Nursing HCA adviser and former national project lead for the NHS Working in Partnership Programme (WiPP) HCA Initiative, Paul Vaughan, believes HCAs have a pivotal role to play in spreading the self-care message:
Speak out for safety
Authors: Vaughan Paul
Published: May 2014

I must be getting old! It seems like hardly a month has gone by and here I am writing another opinion column. For those of you who follow my personal life through my opinion column, nothing new or really strange has happened this month so no personal story to tell about something that provoked some thought or other about the state of affairs in the world.
Management and treatment of lymphoedema
Authors: Honnor Amanda
Published: May 2014

This article provides healthcare assistants (HCAs) and assistant practitioners (APs) with an insight into the lymphatic system and the causes, characteristics and treatment of lymphoedema. The objective of the article is to highlight the fundamental aspects of the care of patients with lymphoedema, particularly those aspects of care which, it may be appropriate for HCAs and APs with the appropriate education and training to undertake.
Caring for the person with haemorrhoids
Authors: Peate Ian
Published: May 2014

To care effectively for a person with haemorrhoids requires an understanding of the causes of haemorrhoids, the treatment options and the associated care. This article provides insight into the many potential causes of haemorrhoids and also highlights the possible treatment options that may be available. A brief overview of the gastrointestinal tract is provided. This discussion emphasizes the need to assess each person individually and to offer care to people that is respectful and compassionate while offering assistance for a condition that could be a cause of embarrassment for the person. A glossary of terms is provided.
Nutrition: enabling and encouraging people to eat
Authors: Nazarko Linda
Published: May 2014

Around 40% of older people admitted to hospital are malnourished. Illness, injury, medication and hospitalization can increase the risk of malnutrition. Healthcare assistants who observe and report any loss of appetite or eating difficulties make an important contribution to the patient's wellbeing.
Training to be a nurse
Authors: King Mandy
Published: May 2014

My name is Mandy King, I am 43 years old and have been married to my husband Mike for 20years. I have three children, my daughter is now 20 and my sons are 18 and 16. I am originally from Birmingham and I moved to Dolgellau 18years ago.
Pharmacology - a systems approach: thyroid disease
Authors: Hennefe Dawn , Lawson Elizabeth
Published: May 2014

This article continues the endocrinology theme looking at disorders associated with the thyroid gland. Thyroid disease is a common disorder that healthcare assistants (HCAs) and assistant practitioners (APs) may encounter both in the hospital and community environments. The aim of this article is to describe the symptoms experienced by patients with thyroid disease and identify the drugs used in the management of these disorders.

Evidence shows that in relation to an underactive thyroid 40-48% of individuals receiving treatment are either over or under treated (Vaidya and Pearce, 2008). It is therefore important that HCAs and APs are aware of this and are able to support patients undergoing these treatments.
Coping with tinnitus
Authors: Swann Julie
Published: May 2014

There is no simple cure for tinnitus, but various coping strategies can be tried to reduce its impact. This article is the last of the series. It outlines the ways that healthcare assistants and assistant practitioners can help people to cope with the symptoms of tinnitus.
Cancer survivorship and the role of support workers
Authors: Hindle Stephen
Published: May 2014

Many people now live with incurable cancer for years, enjoying a good quality of life. The National Cancer Survivorship Initiative (NCSI) in England aims to ensure that people with a cancer diagnosis are able to lead as healthy and active a life as possible. The current model of follow up care for cancer survivors is unsustainable. Through investment in new models of aftercare for cancer survivors, there are opportunities to improve quality and efficiency of services. Assessment and care planning are key to providing appropriate support, as is supported self-management and physical activity interventions.
HCA's vital work in language
Authors: Jones Valerie
Published: May 2014

Valerie Jones grew up in Bethal Caernarfon, in Gwynedd, Wales, where she still lives with her husband, Dewi. She has been a healthcare assistant (HCA) for 4 years, and before this she was a full-time mum to her two sons, Matthew, 12, and Ben, 11. At first Valerie worked as a volunteer with children, and her experiences made her want to work in children's health full time. She was nominated by the Head of Speech and Language Therapy, Stephen Jones, for her initiative in creating Welsh-language resources for therapists to use both in clinics and in schools, which plays a vital role in improving the accessibilty to important health services for children in the area.
Facing the challenge: the development of APs
Authors: Thurgate Claire , Jackson Carolyn
Published: May 2014

This article, the second in the series, outlines the national challenges and issues associated with developing an assistant practitioner workforce for the future and makes recommendations for regulation, professional scopes of practice, workforce development planning and education and career progression.
Giving your views an airing
Authors: Hand Tanis
Published: May 2014

Would you believe it? A whole year ago at the BJHCA conference on a Thursday in November 2009, Paul Vaughan introduced me as the Royal College of Nursing's (RCN) new Healthcare Assistant (HCA) Adviser, and I took up my post on the following Monday! So the BJHCA conference has a particular significance for me, and has featured annually in my life since the first conference four years ago in 2007.
HIV: revolutionary treatments and the role of support workers
Authors: Mulryan Chris
Published: May 2014

In this, the second article on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the clinical care available to those living with HIV will be discussed. The importance of early diagnosis will be emphasized and the development of antiretroviral drugs, which have revolutionized the management of HIV, will be explained. Alongside this, the important role that healthcare assistants (HCAs) and assistant practitioners (APs) can play in contributing to the care of people affected by HIV will be made clear.
Overcoming financial troubles
Authors: Carr Caroline
Published: May 2014

Every month, Caroline Carr answers questions from readers on how to improve their wellbeing. This week's question comes from Joanne, a healthcare assistant in the north west of England.
Going the extra mile for patients
Authors: Battman Ann
Published: May 2014

Ann was born in London and is married to Tony. She has two children-Andrew, 35, who has just returned from Mount Everest Base Camp and Stephen, 31, who is an IT Consultant. Before joining the surgery, she worked as a secretary. She started at the medical centre as a receptionist 8 years ago, and began working as a healthcare assistant 4 years later. She was nominated by the practice manager, Jane Dawes, because of the sheer range of activities she is involved in, but particularly for her work in the development of a new INR testing and dosing service. Jane particularly praised Ann's care for patients: Ann recently stopped off at someone's home after they had missed an appointment to find the patient on the floor. Ann called an ambulance and the patient was admitted to hopsital.
Pass it on: understanding chlamydia
Authors: Peate Ian
Published: May 2014

Sexual health has been identified as one of the six priority areas where primary care trusts (PCT) need to provide and purchase services to meet the needs of their local populations (DH 2008). The government has been working with health and social care providers to implement a sexual health and HIV strategy (DH, 2001), ensuring that people are able to access care more quickly, and improve the range of services offered. The healthcare assistant (HCA) and assistant practitioner (AP) are key contributors to this strategy, providing care and offering support in a variety of settings. This article provides you with information concerning the common infection chlamydia. A glossary of terms is included.
Treatment of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Nazarko Linda
Published: May 2014

When a person has been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, treatment aims to maintain normoglycaemia (blood sugar within normal limits), relieve the symptoms of diabetes, maintain or improve quality of life and prevent the complications associated with diabetes, such as stroke, heart attack, eye and vision problems, kidney damage, nerve damage, foot ulcers and circulation problems in the legs and feet. This article aims to improve your understanding of diabetic diet and your knowledge of the medicines used to treat diabetes, and inform you about new treatments for diabetes.
Cultural and religious beliefs in stoma care nursing
Authors: Black Pat
Published: May 2014

The delivery of health care does not happen in a vacuum; health is part of a person's life that encompasses upbringing, culture and faith. One of today's challenges in stoma care is to bring to a multicultural society a high quality of care that will meet the appropriate needs of the patient. Cultural diversity is a fact of life; in a multicultural, multi-faith society, it is essential that care is offered in a way that respects and accommodates everyone's cultural and religious needs. This article discusses five main religions of the world - Islam, Christianity, Judaism, Sikhism and Hinduism - in terms of stoma surgery and care, and how this impacts upon patients' religious beliefs and culture.
A guide to understanding and measuring a patient's pulse
Authors: Alexis Obrey
Published: May 2014

This article outlines the knowledge and skills that healthcare assistants (HCAs) require to check a patient's pulse accurately, thus providing safe care. It defines pulse rate and provides an overview of the purpose of pulse measurement. The choice of puIse sites that can be used is given, as well as factors that can affect the pulse, such as age, gender, medication, stress, pyrexia and hormones. Guidelines for measuring pulse rate and the equipment used are described alongside the rationale for each action. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance that of HCAs acquiring the knowledge and skill of pulse measurement.
Understanding cancer: the basics
Authors: Mulryan Chris
Published: May 2014

One in three people will develop cancer at some point in their lives and one in four of all deaths in the UK is attributable to cancer. While there are many different types, all cancers cause disease in a similar way. This article explains what cancer is, how it is caused and how it results in disease. After reading this article you should be able to define the characteristics of cancer, identify factors that can cause cancers, eplain how cancer causes disease and describe the treatment options available to a person with cancer.
Apprenticeships: pathways of opportunity
Authors: Eaton Anne
Published: May 2014

In light of the recession and potential changes to government policy, never before has the spotlight been so focused on how services are financed, commissioned or organised. Nevertheless, over the last few years, there has been increased recognition of the importance of staff training and development in delivering and maintaining quality healthcare. Indeed, this may become particularly important as the nation recovers and the health sector will once again be competing to recruit new staff from outside of the sector.
Higher education learning and development in care homes
Authors: Rout Amelia , Titley Jennifer
Published: May 2014

This article presents a project exploring higher education learning and development in the Shropshire care home sector. The overall research question was: ‘What are the challenges, barriers, opportunities and successes both internally and externally which influence learning and development in Shropshire nursing and residential homes?’,
Leave work at the door
Authors: Carr Caroline
Published: May 2014

Starting this week, Caroline Carr will answer questions from readers on how to improve their wellbeing. This week's question comes from ‘Sally’, a healthcare assistant (HCA) working in a hospital in Coventry. If you have a question for Caroline, email bjhca@markallengroup.com , She will answer more in subsequent editions.
Experts needed
Authors: Williams Joe
Published: May 2014

I am fond of the maxim, ‘If it ain't broke, don't fix it’. It is a persuasive sentiment, and as a watchman for rashness or romanticism, it can help us safeguard against misadventure and calamity. Nevertheless, at the risk of ignoring its advice, I' d like to suggest an appendage.
Managing patients who are overweight
Authors: Swann Julie
Published: May 2014

The weight and size of the UK population is increasing, and many healthcare assistants and assistant practitioners look after patients who are obese or of bariatric proportions. Some bariatric patients require assistance with mobility and daily living activities, but care must be provided in an effective and safe manner. This second article on bariatrics outlines the treatment and management of bariatric patients within a hospital, clinic or community setting.
What if...? Reflective practice: a difficult appraisal
Authors: Grainger Angela
Published: May 2014

This reflective practice scenario focuses on how healthcare assistants (HCAs) and assistant practitioners (APs) can maintain a positive relationship with their line managers, and move forward in their career following a disciplinary hearing, or when a working relationship has broken down following formal criticism, either constructive or otherwise.
Tackling tough conversations
Authors: Carr Caroline
Published: May 2014

Every month, Caroline Carr answers questions from readers on how to improve their wellbeing. This week's question comes from ‘Shivanti’, a healthcare assistant (HCA) working in a hospital in Devon. If you have a question for Caroline, email bjhca@markallengroup.com .
Law and ethics in primary care: belief issues
Authors: Yeomans Paul
Published: May 2014

This article looks at the many religious and cultural considerations that patients present healthcare workers with. Through case studies, it examines 12 different areas.
Meeting the support needs of young caregivers
Authors: Barber Chris
Published: May 2014

Caregiving can often be seen as a role that adults fulfil. However, there are increasing numbers of young children and teenagers who are ‘informal’ caregivers. This article will focus on and highlight the numbers and roles of such caregivers, the issues and barriers that they face and the support that HCAs and nurses can offer them.
Best practice statement 3: wound infection in clinical practice
Authors: Jones Menna Lloyd
Published: May 2014

Wound infection continues to be a challenging problem for clinicians and is the result of complex interactions between micro-organisms and the host environment ( World Union of Wound Healing Societies (WUWHS), 2008 ; Patel, 2009 ). Wound infection results in a huge financial burden for both the NHS and the patient. It is therefore important, where possible, to prevent wound infection. Where this is not possible, it is essential to diagnose the infection and commence appropriate treatment as soon as possible ( Patel, 2009 ).

In the third of our analyses of best practice statements, we look at a powerful introduction to this important subject.
Maternity support workers and the newborn blood spot test
Authors: Hutchinson Janet
Published: May 2014

The maternity support worker (MSW) is frequently undertaking procedures traditionally carried out by the midwife. As an MSW studying for the Foundation Degree in Healthcare Practice (FDHC), I feel well prepared to deliver high-quality, evidence-based care to the families I support while working within my scope of practice.

Working autonomously in the community, I am frequently required to carry out procedures, including the newborn blood spot test (NBBS). Although the Royal College of Midwives (RCM) states, that with training, this is an appropriate task for the MSW, it does not feel the MSW has the knowledge to gain informed consent for the procedure. This article discusses the screening process and asks if it is time for the RCM to change its stance.
A team approach to the complexities of Parkinson's
Authors: Nazarko Linda
Published: May 2014

As the population ages, the number of people with Parkinson's disease is set to rise. Providing quality care that meets the needs of the person with Parkinson's disease can present particular challenges to care givers. The disease means that self care ability and care needs may be difficult to predict.

It is vital that we understand and meet the care needs of the person with Parkinson's because there are increased risks of the person developing complications if care is not of the highest quality.
It is key for HCA/APs to be alert to signs of anaphylactic shock
Authors: Peate Ian , Holmes Edward
Published: May 2014

This article provides the healthcare assistant and assistant practitioner (HCA and AP) with information regarding a life-threatening condition: anaphylactic shock, which is a serious allergic reaction. The incidence of anaphylactic shock in the UK is increasing.

Shock results in an acute widespread decrease in effective tissue perfusion, which causes an imbalance in oxygen supply and demand, along with a variety of other adverse actions. Vital organs and tissues may be ineffectively perfused.

The article discusses antibody and antigen interactions and the results that occur when there is an allergic response. A discussion concerning the pathophysiological changes that occur in conjunction with anaphylactic shock is offered. The signs and symptoms are described and the management of the condition is highlighted. The role of the HCA and AP are briefly addressed. Health education activities are described. A glossary of terms is provided.
Organisational contexts of communication in healthcare
Authors: Hayes Catherine , Collins Michael
Published: May 2014

Patient-centred healthcare revolves around the implementation of effective communication and the interpersonal and interprofessional relationships that form the basis of them. Patient-centric approaches inevitably involve acknowledging the personal expectation of the people receiving healthcare and are at the crux of virtually every quality management process for all service providers.

Skill in communication works on the assumption that behaviour resulting from it will demonstrate a high degree of skill and professional behaviour. This is subsequently dependent upon personal and professional values and the manner in which these are translated into practice.

Underpinning all of these issues are the organisational contexts within which communication takes place. The central focus of this article is to give healthcare assistants an insight into the contexts of the workplace, which will ultimately frame their ability to effectively communicate in patient-centred care.
The provision of education and training to HCAs
Authors: Kelly Michael , Gilding Moorene , Rigg Sophie , Walsh Hannah
Published: May 2014

The recent debate about the healthcare assistant workforce within the National Health Service has prompted discussion about the education and training of this staff group.

This article outlines the education and training opportunities available and identifies that, with such a disparate picture nationally, further work needs to be done to ensure HCAs are sufficiently supported to undertake their role to meet the needs of their patients in an evidence-based manner.
Continence series 4: the importance of assessment
Authors: Nazarko Linda
Published: May 2014

Incontinence may be viewed as inevitable when people age or become unwell or disabled. This is a great shame, as many people who develop continence problems can benefit from assessment and treatment to regain continence. However, a holistic assessment can improve outcomes.
Is your emotional Wi-Fi on? Improving our communication
Authors: Lynall Anna
Published: May 2014

A crucial element of the work of healthcare assistants and assistant practitioners is the ability to listen effectively to patients using clear communication to aid interactions so that high quality person-centred care can be achieved. This article looks at how, as individuals, we bring our own uniqueness (beliefs, emotions and processes) to the way we interact (and respond) to patients, and how with this awareness we can build on and improve our listening skills.

Key words:

Communication skills Information Effective listening
Clinical skills series/4: nasogastric tube insertion
Authors: Peate Ian , Gault Christine
Published: May 2014

This article discusses the use of nasogastric (NG) tubes and the care a person with NG tube in situ may require. The indications for NG tube placement are discussed, along with preparation of the person, as well as the insertion technique and methods of confirming the tube's position.

A number of deaths have occurred and serious harm has been caused to people as a result of poor technique and misplaced nasogastric feeding tubes. It is essential therefore that if the healthcare assistant (HCA) and assistant practitioner (AP) are to provide safe and effective care, they must understand the reasons why some people may have an NG tube in situ, as well as the care that person may need, the various methods of insertion and the ways in which the position of the NG tube can be verified.

This article also discusses the anatomy of the upper gastrointestinal tract.