bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Depression among Chronic Kidney Diseases Patients Receiving Hemodialysis
Authors: Khadka Shanti , Adhikari Rita , Paudel Tarun
Published: December 2020

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive irreversible loss of renal function over a period of months or years. When kidney disease progresses, it may eventually lead to kidney failure, which requires dialysis or a kidney transplant to maintains life. Hemodialysis is used for patients who require short term dialysis (days to weeks) and for patients with advanced CKD and End Stage renal Disease (ESRD) who require long term or permanent renal replacement therapy. Hemodialysis significantly and adversely affects the lives of patients, both physically and psychologically. Depression is the most common psychological condition among patients with ESRD. Depression in dialysis patients not only effect mortality, but increased rate of hospitalizations and dialysis withdrawal is also very common.

Methods: A descriptive cross sectional research design was carried out to identify the depression level of chronic kidney disease patients receiving Hemodialysis in Western Regional Hospital, Pokhara using Beck Depression Inventory among forty six patients.

Results: The study findings revealed that majority of the patients (84.8%) has various degree of depression i.e. mild (21.7%), moderate (30.8%) and severe (32.6%). Only fifteen percent of patient has no depression. There was no statistical association between the level of depression and socio-demographic variables. It can be concluded that the prevalence of depression is high among patients receiving Hemodialysis.

Conclusion: The prevalence of depression is high among patients receiving Hemodialysis. It is effective to provide mental health services to the CKD patients receiving Hemodialysis which help them better psychologically adaptation to their disease and improve their quality of life.
Clinical Profile of Enteric Fever in Children of a Tertiary Care Centre in Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Budhathoki Sunil , Rimal Satyam , Lama Lopsang , Shrestha Sabina , Sanjel Seshananda , Amgain Kapil
Published: December 2020

Background: Enteric fever, commonly known as typhoid fever is a global public health problem. It is one of the common infectious diseases of humans, fever lasting for more than 7 days. It is transmitted by faecooral route and common in the areas with poor sanitation. Globally, majority of the Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella enterica var typhi, one fifth of the infection is caused by Salmonella enterica var paratyphi. This study was conducted to describe clinical and laboratory parameters among children with enteric fever.

Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the Pediatric ward and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital (NMCTH), Atterkhel, Kathmandu, Nepal from 2015 January to 2015 December. Inclusion criteria: clinical details and laboratory parameters of children aged 13 months to 15 years old with diagnosis of enteric fever was obtained in the proforma and descriptive statistics were calculated.

Result: A total of 1,020 children with the sign and symptom suggestive of enteric fever were admitted in the inpatient department (Pediatrics) during the study period. All the enteric fever suspected children were tested for blood culture, Widal test and complete blood count, out of them 80 children were diagnosed as enteric fever. Male female ratio is 1.6:1. Fever was the most common clinical feature observed in 95% cases and other common features were loose motion (37.5%), vomiting (33.8%) and abdominal pain (27.5%). Hepato-splenomegaly is common finding of Enteric fever reported in 85.0% and 43.7%. Majority of the patients had normal leucocyte count (71.0%) and leucopenia reported in 20.0%.

Conclusion: Fever and hepato-splenomegaly were the major clinical presentation of typhoid fever in our study. Other less common features were loose motion, vomiting and abdominal pain. This finding may be useful for the pediatrician and other health professionals for the early diagnosis of enteric fever.
Street Vending, Income Generation and Poverty Implication: The Case of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal
Authors: Bhattarai Kumar , Pathak Balaram
Published: December 2020

Background: Street vending, like other informal activities, contributes to employment generation. For many people, it is a source of income and thus has a poverty implication for street vendors.

Objective: The major objective of this study is to analyze the poverty implication of street vending in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. The specific objectives are: to measure the net business income of street vendors, to determine factors influencing street vendors’ net business income and to analyze the poverty implication of street vending in the Kathmandu Valley.

Methods: The study was based on the analytical approach, where the net business income of street vendors was measured, factors influencing net business income of street vendors were determined and the potential role of street vending on poverty reduction in Kathmandu Valley was analyzed. Factors influencingnet business income of street vendors were identified by applying regression analysis. For this, cross-sectional data were collected from randomly selected 450 street vendors of five locations of the Kathmandu Valley, i.e. Balaju, Lagankhel, Kalanki, Ratnapark and Suryabinayak. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire.The poverty implication of street vending was analyzed by using the consumption approach, wheremeasurement was done about whetherconsumption ofstreet vendors, which was covered by their net business income, was above the poverty line of the Kathmandu Valley.

Results: Average monthly net business income of street vendors was Rs 22,500. Educational level, experience, sales and working hours per day were the factors influencing net business income of street vendors. 54% ofstreet vendors were found to have consumption above the poverty line which was covered by their net business income. Furthermore, it was found that if respondents were not involved in street vending; only 42% of respondents could have consumption above the poverty line which could be covered by their income from other jobs/professions.

Conclusions: The study concludes that majority of people, who dostreet vendingin the Kathmandu Valley,come from low income family background. Street vending plays an important role to provide employment to the people belonging to socially and economically marginalized groups of the society.However, at the same time, street vendingalso creates problems like overcrowding on the roadsides, environmental pollution due to the generation of wasteduring street vending, and so on.  So,the focus should be on shifting street vendors to the formal sectors in the long-term.

Implications: As street vending is a source of income for thousands of socially and economically mariginalized groups and has poverty implications, it should not be viewed just as a problem of the street. If it is managed properly, it contributes tothe livelihood of thousands of people and provides goods and services at a cheaper price to low-income consumers.
Detection of Non-native Speaker Status from Backwards and Vocoded Contentmasked Speech
Authors: Rojczyk Arkadiusz , Porzuczek Andrzej
Published: December 2020

This paper addresses the issue of speech rhythm as a cue to non-native pronunciation. In natural recordings, it is impossible to disentangle rhythm from segmental, subphonemic or suprasegmental features that may influence nativeness ratings. However, two methods of speech manipulation, that is, backwards content-masked speech and vocoded speech, allow the identification of native and non-native speech in which segmental properties are masked and become inaccessible to the listeners. In the current study, we use these two methods to compare the perception of content-masked native English speech and Polish-accented speech. Both native English and Polish-accented recordings were manipulated using backwards masked speech and 4-band white-noise vocoded speech. Fourteen listeners classified the stimuli as produced by native or Polish speakers of English. Polish and English differ in their temporal organization, so, if rhythm is a significant contributor to the status of non-native accentedness, we expected an above-chance rate of recognition of native and non-native English speech. Moreover, backwards content-masked speech was predicted to yield better results than vocoded speech, because it retains some of the indexical properties of speakers. The resultsshow that listeners are unable to detect non-native accent in Polish learners of English from backwards and vocoded speech samples.
Practical Induction Heat Treating
Authors: Haimbaugh Richard E.
Published: December 2020

Practical Induction Heat Treating, Second Edition provides essential information on the metallurgy, theory, and practice of induction heat treating. It discusses the fundamentals of heating by induction, the equipment normally used, and the role of various components. It explains how iron and steel respond to induction heating processes and how to optimize quenching and tempering procedures. It addresses issues such as material and processing defects, decarburization, residual stress, and quench cracking, and provides information on process development and analysis, inspection and testing, maintenance, and quality control. It also includes application examples and design data. For information on the print version, ISBN: 978-1-62708-089-7, follow this link.
Structural Composite Materials
Authors: Campbell F.C.
Published: December 2020

Structural Composite Materials deals with all aspects of advanced composite materials: what they are, where they are used, how they are made, their properties, how they are designed and analyzed, and how they perform in-service. It covers all types of fiber-reinforced polymer, metal, and ceramic-matrix composites, with an emphasis on continuous fiber polymer systems. It discusses fibers, resins, structures, tooling, and fabrication processes as well as machining, inspection, and testing procedures. It explains how defects and environmental degradation affect the mechanical properties of polymer composites, and provides practical information on joining, design, structural analysis, and repair. The final two chapters cover the details of metal and ceramic-matrix composites, describing their reinforcements, matrix systems, and production methods. For information on the print version, ISBN: 978-1-61503-037-8, follow this link.
El Anuario ThinkEPI en tiempos de pandemia
Authors: Rodríguez-Yunta Luis , Olea Isabel
Published: December 2020

Sin duda el protagonismo del año 2020 ha correspondido a la pandemia de Covid-19 que ha trastocado tanto la actividad económica como la académica y la propia vida cotidiana de todos nosotros. Ante todo, debemos agradecer a todos los autores que a pesar de la situación han podido mantener su participación en esta publicación. Desde 2019 el Anuario ThinkEPI se difunde directamente en acceso abierto mediante el sistema de edición progresiva de informes y notas a lo largo de todo el año. Por ello, algunos de los contenidos de este número se habÌan puesto en línea antes del inicio de la crisis sanitaria, pero la mayor parte se ha preparado y publicado ya durante la misma.
Letter to Editor: Vitamin D Fighting Against Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)
Authors:   tment of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts - Khulais, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Murad Ghalib Raza
Published: December 2020

We are under attack by an unseen entity. A never seen disaster like this has crippled the world. For the first instance, as an emergency, the lock-down and social boycotts were applied all around the world. These steps have slowed down the speed of spread. A game changer effective and safe vaccine could take unexpected long time. Long term lockdown and social boycotts could lead to more disasters than virus. And again, after some time, countries will be forced to lift-off all these restrictions to save economy, industries and social system. So, what to do? We need a novel sophisticated system that could hold the world from economic, industrial and social disasters. All activities should go on to its full extent with precise precautions and guidelines
Determination of the time of ignition of plant raw under the high temperature of the radiation panel
Authors: Lomaha V. V. , Tsapko O. Yu. , Tsapko Yu. V. , Bondarenko O. P.
Published: December 2020

Reducing the fire prevention of timber is not only an economic task, but also has a social and environmental focus. From economic, technological and environmental perspective, an important problem in ensuring the viability and safe operation of construction sites is the development of fire-retardant coatings for wooden structures. The construction is increasingly looking for new highly effective means of fire protection of wood and wood products which should not only ensure the standardized fire resistance of wood, but also to maintain its operational parameters to solve environmental safety and durability. Studies of the effect of the radiation panel on the ignition of the wood sample have set the parameters of the flame ignition, which makes it possible to influence this process. It is proved that they consist in the formation of a layer of organic material on the surface, which provides heating to a critical temperature, when the intensive decomposition of the material begins with the release of the required amount of combustible gases and their ignition. This makes it possible to determine the effect of fire protection and the properties of protective compositions on the process of slowing down the rate of burning of wood. Experimental studies have confirmed that the untreated sample of wood, under the thermal action of the radiation panel has taken up, the flames spread over the entire surface, which led to its combustion. The application of a fire retardant varnish under the influence of temperature leads to a layer of foam coke and inhibition of heat transfer of high-temperature flame to the material and its ignition. Thanks to this, it became possible to determine the conditions for changing the parameters of combustion and braking during fire protection of wood, by forming a barrier for thermal conductivity. Thus, there is reason to argue for the possibility of directional control of the processes of fire protection of wood by the use of fireproof coatings that can form a protective layer on the surface of the material, which slows down the rate of burning of wood.
Legal principles of agrochemical passportation of agricultural land in Ukraine
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Olena Hafurova
Published: December 2020

The article provides a scientific and theoretical analysis of the legal basis of agrochemical certification of land in Ukraine. It is indicated that ensuring the protection of agricultural land is impossible without the creation of an effective mechanism for maintaining the quality of soils, which requires their agrochemical certification. It is noted that despite the systematic adoption of «program» documents, this process remains unfinished so far. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of land legislation in the field of use of agrochemical certification data in the transfer of land ownership or provision for use, including on lease. The author emphasizes that despite the direct indication of the need to use the data of agrochemical certification in the transfer of ownership of land contained in the Law of Ukraine «On Land Protection», their absence is not grounds for revocation of decisions or recognition of agreements aimed at transferring rights ownership of land, invalid. The author concludes that in the conditions of opening of the market of agricultural lands, obligatory use of the data of agrochemical passports at change of the owner of the land plot or the conclusion of lease agreements is especially important. Compliance with this requirement will help not only to preserve the quality characteristics of land, but also to ensure the protection of the rights of their owners. To this end, it is necessary to make a number of changes to the land legislation of Ukraine, in particular the Land Code of Ukraine, the Laws of Ukraine «On Land Management» and «On Land Lease». Keywords: agrochemical passport, land degradation, land lease agreement, soils, agricultural lands, land monitoring, land protection, fertility
Regulatory and legal support for the establishment and functioning of united territorial communities
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Oleksii Piddubnyi , Viktoriia Oleksiuk ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Published: December 2020

The article examines the issues of legal support for the creation and functioning of united territorial communities at present. It is determined that since 2014, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine and the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine have adopted a significant number of normative legal acts that allow for the implementation of the decentralization reform. United territorial communities in Ukraine are the primary source for the formation and implementation of a new policy of sustainable development of the territories of Ukraine. It was found that one of the most important elements of the strategy of management of the united territorial communities in Ukraine is independence, efficiency, managerial innovations, speed and justification of decision-making. The management of this sector is based on the principles of the European Charter of Local Self-Government, which provides for the decentralization of power, the transfer of basic powers and resources to local governments, while placing great responsibility on them. It is proved that this policy is based on the provisions of the European Charter of Local Self-Government and the best world standards of public relations in this area. The legislative basis for a radical change in the system of government and its territorial basis at all levels began to take shape in 2014. It is concluded that for the further successful functioning of the OTG it is necessary to resume work on the bill to amend the Constitution of Ukraine on decentralization; to adopt a new version of the Law of Ukraine «On Local Self-Government in Ukraine»; to amend the Law of Ukraine «On Cooperation of Territorial Communities» regarding the introduction of the procedure for joining territorial communities to existing cooperation agreements; Keywords: united territorial community, OTG, local self-government, decentralization, reform, local self-government bodies
Application of decentralization instructions in the social sphere in Ukraine on the example of the Republic of Poland
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Olena Artemenko
Published: December 2020

Since 2014, among many reforms, decentralization has been instrumental in creating transparent, open and effective local governance that will ensure the quality and accessibility of services in all spheres of community life, including the social sphere (quality social services) in Ukraine As for the development of the social services system in the context of the transition period of decentralization, there are priorities in this way, regarding the complexity of the provision of social services, their accessibility, targeting and effectiveness, as well as increasing attention to each person (client). Such priorities are possible provided there is an integrated approach to community-based social services. The article explores the issues of social sphere in Ukraine. The focus is on the substance and importance of the concept of decentralization for the social sphere. The legal analys is of the application of decentralization instruments in the social sphere in the neigh boring country – the Republic of Poland – is carried out. The main directions of the implementation of the social policy of the Republic of Poland are described in order to meet their requirements of decentralization. The necessity to introduce decentralization tools for the Republic of Poland for the effective functioning of the social sphere is confirmed. The main problems of centralized management of social sphere in Ukraine are analyzed. Conclusions are made as to the expediency of using decentralization tools in the contemporary social sphere of Ukraine. Keywords: social sphere, social policy, decentralization, decentralization instruments, social services, social institutions
Administrative responsibility for violation of quarantine requirements (in the conditions of COVID 19)
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Liusia Hbur
Published: December 2020

The article examines the administrative liability for violating the rules of quarantine requirements (in terms of COVID 19). 2020 has become an extremely difficult year for Ukraine, as it is for most countries of the world. The rapid spread of the COVID 19 virus has prompted the legislature and executive to adopt a number of regulations and bylaws aimed at preventing its further spread and containment. It is proved that the relevance of the study lies primarily in the fact that Article 44-3 of the Code of Administrative Offenses is currently in active use, because COVID 19 still affects Ukraine and the world, and therefore it is necessary to find ways to minimize the manifestations such a negative phenomenon and prevention of mass dissemination, including through regulatory measures, one of which is administrative liability. It is determined that the Government of Ukraine, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, the President of Ukraine, executive authorities and local governments since the spread of the virus, take appropriate legal measures aimed at further preventing and preventing mass destruction of people by COVID-19 virus. It was found that the administrative responsibility for violating the rules of human quarantine has become a necessary and forced step on the part of legislators to further prevent the mass morbidity of people from the virus that affects the whole world to this day. Conclusions are developed that administrative liability for violation of human quarantine rules can be applied in the following cases: 1) violation of human quarantine rules; 2) violation of sanitary and hygienic rules and regulations; 3) violation of sanitary and anti-epidemic rules and regulations. Keywords: administrative liability, offense, quarantine, pandemic, disease, COVID 19, human quarantine, health care, coronavirus disease
Acute antibody mediated rejection associated with acute herpetic gingiva-stomatitis in kidney transplant patient: A case report
Authors: Din Usama
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is the most serious cause of renal allograft loss. Most of the acute AMR attacks occur within the first week post-transplant. Subject: In this case report, we present a case of AMR that occurred five months post-transplant in association with acute oral viral infection. This patient had history of bone marrow hypoplasia two months following onset of hemodialysis and was maintained on cyclosporine and prednisolone beside switch to hirudin as anticoagulant. During that period, she also received 6 units of whole blood till she underwent kidney transplant after 2 years on dialysis. The post-transplant course was uneventful till the patient developed severe acute herpetic gingivastomatitis 5 months post-transplant that was associated with abrupt rise of renal chemistry. Biopsy proven AMR showed resistance to treatment with plasma exchange [PE] and Intravenous immunoglobulins. The patient was readmitted to regular hemodialysis unit for 2 months together with minimization of immunosuppressive treatment. Outcome: During routine follow-up investigations, kidney function tests became near to the pre-rejection levels. We discontinued dialysis and re-administered the initial immunosuppressive regimen. Conclusion: This is the first reported case of AMR in association with acute Herpes simplex infection that shows delayed spontaneous recovery.
THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF MICROFINANCE ON POVERTY ALLEVIATION
Authors: Kumari Prasansha
Published: December 2020

The objective of this paper is to investigate theoretical background of microfinance and poverty alleviation. The article consist the two types of theories, which related to microfinance. First types of theories addresses the specific issues the poor have to face when seeking access to formal financial resources, due to the lack of collateral and second types of theories. The second set of theories are based on the impact of microfinance on small businesses, households and individuals. The first category of theories consist Theory relating to Emergence of Microfinance, Concept of Joint Liability Group in Microfinance. Theories of impact pathway of microfinance consist Theory on Shortcomings of Development Finance Strategies, Market and Welfare Theories, Poverty Lending Approach, Financial System Approach and5 Financial Integrated Approach
Hybridization of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and brown trout (S. trutta L.)
Authors: Makhrov A.A.
Published: December 2020

Hybrids between the Atlantic salmon and brown trout can be identifi ed on the basis of genes coding for several protein and DNA markers. Hybrids are found in all regions where the Atlantic salmon and brown trout are sympatric. The main causes of the hybridization are the sneaking of mature male parr, escape and release of cultivated fi shes, unstable river discharges, and overfi shing. In numerous experimental crosses, the survival of F1 hybrids varies from zero (a complete loss) to normal. Post-F1 hybridization sometimes results in gynogenesis, hybridogenesis and introgression. The role of hybridization in the evolution of Salmo is discussed.
KEMAN VE KLASİK GİTAR İCRA TEKNİĞİNİN KESİŞİMİ: PAGANİNİ VE SONATA CONCERTATA ESERİNİN TEKNİK ANALİZİ
Authors: EKER Burak , TABAK Cihan
Published: December 2020

Romantik dönem, bestecilerin eserlerinde kullandıkları üslubun değişimi ile birlikte, çalgı icrasında ustalık gerektiren ve bu bağlamda çalgı icra tekniğinin ve tınısal farklılaşmanın yoğun olarak görüldüğü bir dönem olarak değerlendirilebilmektedir. Klasik dönem içinde, stilistik açıdan kullanılması uygun görülmeyen birçok tekniğin kullanımının yaygın hale geldiği, solo çalgılarda keşfedilen yeni teknikler sayesinde farklı ekollerin ve muazzam bir konser repertuarının ortaya çıktığı görülmüştür. Değişen müzik pratikleri üzerinden çeşitli akımların ortaya çıkışıyla birlikte akustik algıların tamamen değişmesi, bestecileri eserlerinde solo performans unsurlarının yetkin niteliklerini ön plana çıkarmaları için özgür kılmıştır. “Virtüöz” kavramının ortaya çıktığı bu dönemde hiç şüphesiz birçok solist icracı olmasına rağmen, sahne sanatı üzerinden etkili icra sunumu, üst düzey bestecilik yönü ve birçok besteciyi kendisine hayran bıraktıran müzikal dehası ile göze çarpan Niccolò Paganini, dönem gereği çarpıcı bir örnek teşkil etmektedir. Paganini’nin keman için bestelediği eserlerdeki gösterdiği ustalığı klasik gitar eserlerinde de sergilediği görülmektedir. Keman ve klasik gitar ikilisi için bestelediği eserlerde klasik gitarı bir eşlikten ziyade bir solo çalgı olarak düşündüğü eser analizlerinde değerlendirilmektedir. Bu çalışma, verilerin toplanması ve değerlendirilmesi yönüyle betimsel araştırma teknikleri kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman inceleme yolu ile eserin kaynak olarak kullanılan edisyonu üzerinden değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı, eserin icrasına yönelik gerekli teknik ön bilgilerin kazandırılmasını sağlamaktır. Çalışmada; Sonata Concertata’nın klasik gitar partisinde yoğun bir Klasik Dönem tarzının yansıtıldığı ve Paganini eserlerinde genel olarak rastlanılan keman sol el tekniklerinin kullanılmadığı, kemanın solist çalgı olarak ön planda olmayıp her iki çalgıya da eşit derecede önem verildiği sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.
Predictors
of Social Physique Anxiety among Recreational Bodybuilders
Authors: Blažev Mirta , Blažev Divna , Lauri Korajlija Anita , Blažev Veronika
Published: December 2020

This study aimed to determine the contribution of gender,
age, intensity of exercise, perfectionism, perfectionistic self-presentation
and eating attitudes in the explanation dimensions of social physique anxiety
(SPA) in a sample of 345 male and female gym exercisers. The results of this
study indicate that the implemented model explains 21.3 % (p < .001) of
the variance in Dissatisfaction with appearance and 48.4 % (p < .001) of
the variance in Worry about appearance. Significant predictors of Dissatisfaction
with appearance are intensity of exercise, discrepancy and eating attitudes,
while significant predictors of Worry about appearance are gender, intensity
of exercise, discrepancy, avoiding displays of imperfection and eating
attitudes. In other words, recreational levels of exercise, negative
perfectionism and negative attitudes towards food are strong predictors of
social physique anxiety, while the tendency to hide our imperfections and
female gender are only relevant when it comes to worry about appearance.
Influence of roasting conditions on physicochemical and fatty acid profile of raw and roasted cashew kernel (Anacardium occidentale) grown in Nigeria
Authors: Olatidoye Olawale Paul , Shittu Taofik Akinyemi , Awonorin Samuel Olusegun , Ajisegiri Emmanuel Sunday
Published: December 2020

This study aimed at evaluating the effect of roasting conditions on some physicochemical and nutritional properties of cashew nut lipid fractions at different temperature (100–160ᵒC) and time (20–60 min). Raw and roasted cashew nuts were also analyzed for their composition in fatty acid by GC-FID. Physicochemical properties of the oil showed that the oil yield of roasted cashew nut oil (56.67-31.67%) was significantly higher compared to unroasted oil (47.43%). Also, cashew nut oil with mean values revealed that acid (12-0.86 mg KOH/g of oil); saponification
value (138.10-169.06 mgKOH/g of oil), iodine value (55.50-36.19 mg of I/100g of oil); TBA(0.012-0.18mg); p-anisidine value (0.55-0.66); peroxide value (7.26-3.05 meq/kg) and free fatty acid (1.07-1.50 % oleic
acid) which indicated that cashew nut oil is edible, non-drying and may
not be suitable for soap making. Results of GC-FID analysis of the ethyl esters of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid of raw and roasted cashew nut showed that unsaturated fatty acids represented 60.57% for unroasted samples with roasted samples (79.67–83.67%) while saturated fatty acids recorded (16.11–37.65%). The fatty acid composition of the oils shows the presence of four main fatty
acids: palmitic (9.25–29.50%); stearic (4.4–9.34%); oleic (34.75–65.60%); and linoleic (1.35–20.66%) with high oleic to linoleic ratio associated with high oil stability. The order of increase is oleic
> linoleic > palmitic > stearic in all the samples irrespective of roasting conditions. The result showed that minor changes occur in the fatty acids composition as the roasting temperature
and time increased. It was concluded that the heat treatment used does not significantly affect the fatty acid profile content of cashew nuts preserving its antioxidant activity along with other bioactive compounds
contained therein.
Perfection of equipment and technology of steel ladles lining drying and heating to neutralize emissions of organic binders decomposition products
Authors: Smirnov P. G. , Spirin V. A. , Nikol’skii V. E. , Vokhmintsev D. V. , Moiseev A. A. , Platashov A. G.
Published: December 2020

Technological operations of steel ladles lining drying and heating are accompanied by formation and emission of compounds, referred to the first and second category of danger. This is attributed mainly to the presence in the refractory’s composition phenol-formaldehyde tars and coal pitch as binders. Results of simulation of steel ladle lining heating operation presented. The filtration speed distribution of decomposition products in the lining material established. The main part of harmful substances from the lining is emitted in the process of its drying into internal working space of the ladle. Less than 10% of the total amount of pollution substances goes out through the external evaporating openings in the ladle armor. It was shown, that within near 90% of drying and heating time, the temperature in the ladle does not exceed level of 800 °С, which is not enough for harmful substances afterburning. Reasonability of afterburning of the formed harmful emissions justified as a separate technological element of the facility of ladles drying. For the afterburning, not expensive materials should be used, having catalyst properties and developed surface. Application of catalyst enables to decrease the minimum necessary temperature for oxidation of decomposition products down to 600-650 °С. Description of the facility, developed by Concern “Jet Technologies”, for ladles drying and heating with neutralization exhausted technological gases presented. The facility has an airtight shelter, in which a ladle with new lining is placed. The shelter has a lifting cover, in which a gas-air burner is installed. The burner can operate with a high excess of air to provide minimal temperature of drying agent at early stages of drying. Inside the shelter a negative pressure is kept for active removal technological gases and prevention of penetrating them into the working zone of the shop. The power of the burner is controlled by the temperature, measured by a thermo-converter in the cover. Out of the shelter the technological gases are directed to a thermocatalyst reactor (TCR). The TCR has another burner for additional heating of gases leaving the ladle, to the afterburning temperature. Power control is made also based on the measured temperature. After completion of emitting binder decomposition products, the TCR is switched off. After neutralization in the TCR, the technological gases are emitted into atmosphere through a smoke stack. The facility operation control is made by a local control system, based on an industrial logic controller. At the EAF-based plant “NLMK-Kaluga”, the ladles with phenol-based binder lining are successfully dried for many years already at a facility described in the paper, providing an ecological safety of the emissions.
THE ADEQUACY OF LINGUISTIC KNOWLEDGE AS A CONDITION FOR THE FORMATION OF FUNCTIONAL LITERACY
Authors:   Crimean Republican Institute of Postgraduate Pedagogical Education, Markina-Gurdzhi M. G.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The paper considers the formation of functional literacy in the lessons of the Russian language. The study aims to characterize the adequacy of the linguistic knowledge acquired by students as a prerequisite for mastering functional literacy in the Russian language lessons. The adequacy of linguistic knowledge as an indispensable condition for the successful formation of functional literacy in the lessons of the Russian language is confirmed by a new approach to fulfilling the priority task of modern education. Materials and Methods. The object of the research is the process of the formation of functional literacy presented in the educational program and textbook and implemented in the lessons of the Russian language. The study employs the functional approach, which views the language as an instrument of social interaction and mutual influence; and the methods of content analysis of educational programs and educational literature. Results. The research indicates that functional literacy is the ability to apply knowledge about the Russian language system and its norms to achieve the goals in the course of speech interaction, i.e., the ability to use the language according to its purpose. It is concluded that the adequate knowledge of the language, its laws, and structure is an indispensable condition for the formation of this skill. The concrete examples are used to illustrate the principle of the formation of knowledge of the language science, which is adequate to the current state, and determine the effective forms and working methods for applying the knowledge gained in real situations of speech interaction. Conclusion. The results of the research focus on the need to reflect a functional description of the language and its units in the program for the Russian language and textbooks. This description will contribute to the formation of adequate knowledge of the language as a system whose function is to be an instrument of mutual influence in the context of social interaction. The acquisition of knowledge about the language, which does not contradict to its essence, allows developing a system of work on mastering the skill to apply the acquired knowledge in the specific practice of using the language, i.e., to form functional literacy in the Russian language lessons. Keywords: functional literacy, function, regulatory function, subsystem of nominative means, situation of speech interaction.
TEACHER PREPAREDNESS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROGRAMS AND METHODOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR EDUCATIONAL PROCESS OF MENTALLY RETARDED STUDENTS IN A PRESCHOOL ORGANIZATION
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Pashinova O. V. , Suleymanova A. D. ,   Irkutsk State University
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The system of preschool education for students with special educational needs actively develops; the regulatory and legal framework, programs and methodological literature are amended and undergo changes. The adoption of new regulatory and legal documents causes some difficulties for administrative and pedagogical workers of preschool educational organizations. This paper is concerned with the study of preparedness of teachers to develop programs and methodological support for the educational process of children with delayed mental development in a preschool educational organization. Materials and methods. The object of the study was the process of developing programs and methodological support for preschoolers with delayed mental development. The study employed the following main methods: analysis of regulatory, psychological, pedagogical, and methodological literature on the problem under study; and pedagogical experiment (ascertaining). The empirical basis of the research consisted of the results obtained with a questionnaire survey of 130 teachers working with the mentally retarded preschoolers and an analysis of 30 websites of preschool educational organizations of the Irkutsk region. Results Based on the methods of empirical research, we revealed a low level of pedagogical preparedness to develop the content of the adapted basic educational program of preschool educational organizations. Conclusion. The practical results of the research can be useful for the specialists involved in the design and implementation of the advanced training programs aimed at increasing teachers’ professional competence in the development of programs and methodological support for the educational process for preschool children with developmental delay. Keywords: developmental delay, adapted educational program, programs and methodological support, regulatory framework, special educational needs, preschool educational organization.
EXPERIENCE IN ADOPTING THE WORKBOOK «DIARY OF A CREATIVE PERSON» IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS OF A HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION TO PREPARE FUTURE TEACHERS
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Shumovskaya A. G.
Published: December 2020

IIntroduction. The relevance of training modern educators is due to the new requirements and the use of innovative technologies, methods, and tools in the educational process of higher educational institutions. The paper aims to describe the experience in adopting the workbook “Diary of a Creative Person” in the preparation of students (future kindergarten teachers) and building their creative competence. Materials and Methods. The paper discusses the contents and structure of the Diary of a Creative Person, the experience in its adoption in the framework of mastering the disciplines of Fundamentals of Research Activity, and the Formation of Teacher’s Creative Competence in Scientific Co-creation in two organizational options. The effectiveness of the Diary has been proved experimentally, using the following methods: analysis of processes and products of the activity, observation, questionnaire, survey, design, and qualitative analysis of quantitative parameters. The results of the research were evaluated from the perspectives of the subject acquisition, research project creation, and creative competence formation. The obtained positive results indicate the feasibility of introducing the presented workbook in the educational process of the University with the view to building a creative competence and organizing research work of students. Conclusion. The practical significance of the research is determined by its focus on the improvement in the future training of kindergarten teachers in a modern context and the formation of their creative competence. The prospects for this direction in science are determined by the need to develop creative competence in practicing kindergarten teachers and improve the contents of the workbook. Keywords: : educational process at the University, a modern teacher of a preschool educational organization, training of students, experience in adoption, creative competence, “Diary of a Creative Person”, sections of “Diary of a Creative Person”.
AN ATTITUDE OF STUDENTS IN SPECIALIZED AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS TO THE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT AND THEIR PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING
Authors:   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Laktionova E. B. , Orlova A. V. ,   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Kondakova I. V. ,   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Tuzova A. S. ,   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of the educational environment at specialized and secondary schools in the assessments made by students, and indices of their psychological well-being. Materials and Methods. The study relied on the methods of “The scale of psychological well-being” (С. Riff, as adapted by N. N. Lepeshinsky), “The scale of subjective well-being” (A. Perrudet-Badoux, G. Mendelssohn and J. Chiche, as adapted by M. V. Sokolova), and “Psychological safety of the school’s educational environment” (I. A. Baeva). Results. Students of specialized schools have a higher level of psychological well-being. They are characterized by a desire to grow and develop, and openness to a new experience. They are aware of the realization of their potential, have a developed system of personal criteria, and are independent of the opinions of others. Conclusion. The findings have shown that the educational environment of specialized schools is rated higher by students in most of the studied indices compared to secondary schools. Keywords: psychological well-being, educational environment, giftedness, specialized schools.
Toxocariasis in children: epidemiological, clinical and laboratory aspects
Authors:   Rostov Research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, Andreeva A.O. , Golovchenko N.V. ,   Rostov Research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, Zhuravlev A.S. ,   Sechenov University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

Aim: to optimize the diagnosis of toxocariasis based on the analysis of epidemiological, clinical and laboratory data in children with the infestation. Patients and Methods: the analysis of official statistical data for the period of 2014–2018, literature sources, a retrospective analysis of 57 medical records of patients (40 children and 17 adults) who received treatment and diagnostic in the clinic of the Rostov Research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing in 2015–2018 was conducted. Results: a decrease in the incidence of newly diagnosed infestation cases was revealed (registered in the clinic of the Rostov Research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing). It correlated with official statistics (r=0.9, p=0.05). Based on clinical and laboratory examination, the diagnosis was established in 26 patients (45.6%). Among patients with a verified diagnosis of toxocariasis, the proportion of children aged 1 years and 1 months to 10 years old, was 96%. An analysis of epidemiological data showed that 76% of children had close contact with the soil. The infestation occurred in the form of latent toxocariasis in 36% of patients. In more than half of the cases, the disease was clinically manifested by geophagy (56.0%). A permanent laboratory parameter was the eosinophilic leukemoid reaction in patients with toxocariasis. Peripheral blood eosinophilia ranged from 15.66.2±9.31% in latent toxocariasis to 25.5±15.0 % in visceral toxocariasis. The positive rate in ELISA with Toxocara antigen was higher than that in the group of patients with visceral toxocariasis. However, there was no correlation between the eosinophilia level and positive rate (r=0.1, p=0.05). Conclusion: in areas where the incidence of toxocariasis and environmental contamination with invasive helminth eggs are high, it is advisable to perform tests of the peripheral blood in children at least one time per year in the autumn for timely diagnosis of infestation. The use of ELISA with Toxocara antigen is reasonable in the cases of peripheral blood eosinophilia. KEYWORDS: toxocariasis, statistics, incidence, eosinophilia, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Toxocara antigen. FOR CITATION: Andreeva A.O., Golovchenko N.V., Zhuravlev A.S. Toxocariasis in children: epidemiological, clinical and laboratory aspects. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2020;4(11):670–675. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-11-670-675.