bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IPASTE framework: A novel perspective of conducting systematic literature review of tourism under the influence of COVID 19
Authors: Ahmad Dar , Bashir Nedaul
Published: February 2023

The world was discussing over tourism and in between came zero tourism with the movement of people restricted within their usual place of residence. COVID-19 no doubt has severely impacted all the sectors of economy and hence is a point of concern and research for academia as well as industry. The budding curiosity in the impact of COVID-19 on Tourism industry by the researchers increases the need of systematic review of literature on the topic and identification of future research ways in this particular field. The study is being done to investigate the comprehensive research work on influence of COVID-19 on Tourism industry and to answer the pertinent questions in this regard, like, what has been discussed and explored so for, distribution of the selected studies/ in the indexed Journals, identification of research lines, contribution of these studies in line with these research lines and the most cited studies. For the systematic review 320 research papers were gathered, 100 among them were removed due to various reasons and the remaining 220 were used as data for the analysis of the study. By con ducting the systematic review, 8 research lines were identified and the selected studies were analysed in terms of their contribution with respect to the identified research lines. The novel ty of this study lies in the new framework developed for systematic literature review in the form of IPASTE. The study has done a comprehensive analysis of the literature on the basis of the new framework to reveal the impact of COVID 19 on the tourism industry on the basis of its six components. The study also identifies some key themes on the basis of research focus of the selected studies. The study has wider implications for mangers, researchers and academicians, to deal with the pandemic and to conduct further research.
Situeret læring og praksis i forandring
Authors: Lave Jean
Published: February 2023

Resumé I et tilbageblik diskuterer forfatteren sin hensigt med Lave og Wengers monografi “Situeret læring”, og diskuterer den i forhold til den måde, hvorpå tilgangen er blevet modtaget af økonomiske og organisatoriske teoretikere. Det giver anledning til en refleksion over især begrebet praksisfællesskaber. Mange teoretikere har forstået praksisfællesskaber som harmoniske fællesskaber, som f.eks. kan facilitere innovation. Forfatteren tager afstand for sådanne forståelser og understreger, at begrebet skulle medvirke til at undgå, at en praksistilgang blev reduceret til kun at være interpersonelle transaktioner, interaktioner og problemløsende aktiviteter. Det var derfor tænkt som et analytisk begreb, en hat, der skulle omslutte begrebet om legitim, perifer deltagelse, samt dem om klasse, køn og etnicitet. De var redskaber der skulle åbne blikket for de modsigelses- og konfliktfyldte processer, hvorved samspillet mellem nytilkomne og veteraner reproducerer og forandrer praksis, og udvikler identiteter. Forfatteren understreger, at visionen om læring som engagement i praksis først kan udfoldes, når man fastholder begreber om den modsigelsesfyldte praksis i forandring
Første-persons perspektivet i psykologisk teori og forskningspraksis
Authors: Schraube Ernst
Published: February 2023

Når psykologisk forskning tager udgangspunkt i problemstillinger i menneskets hverdagsliv, rejser det spørgsmålet om, hvordan man kan overvinde den udbredte dikotomi mellem in- divid og samfund. Artiklen fokuserer på dette spørgsmål og argumenterer for en systematisk inkludering af menneskets subjektivitet og før- ste-persons perspektivet i psykologiske teori og forskningspraksis. Først gives en beskrivelse af den mekanistiske effekttænkning i nutidens psykologi og af hvordan det menneskelige livs subjektive dimension udbredt er blevet fjernet fra blikket. Yderligere redegøres der for, hvor- dan forskning fra et tredje-persons perspektiv, som denne tilgang implicerer, reproducerer dikotomien mellem individ og samfund. På denne baggrund begrundes, hvorfor en kon- ceptuel inkludering af menneskets subjektivitet kræver at indtage et første-persons perspektiv og at strukturere forskningen ud fra subjektets standpunkt. I løbet af denne argumentation vil det blive vist, hvordan første-persons perspek- tivet kan overvinde individualistiske positioner og åbne op for en situeret, social-symmetrisk epistemologi, der også inkluderer en koncep- tuel forståelse af den “Anden”.
Etik i kollektivt biografiarbejde med mødre til ‘børn i vanskeligheder’
Authors: Lerche Mørck Line , Birk Carlsen Heidi , Grøndahl Anja , Cramer Jensen Connie , Nørgaard Lerche Irene
Published: February 2023

Denne artikels tilgang til etik indeholder bud på forskningsmetodologi og social praksis etik, der bevæger sig “on the edge” (Wyatt & Davies, 2011:124), og udfordrer den mere udbredte institutionaliserede etik (Badiou, 2002). Institutionaliseret etik har typisk form af universelle standarder, som vi for eksempel kender fra universiteternes etiske komiteer, fra datatilsynet og erklæringer om alle børns ret til uddannelse (jf. Salamanca-erklæringen). Der- med skriver vi i en forlængelse af en diskussion af etik, som kan findes indenfor internationale progressive og grænseoverskridende kvalita- tive metodologier som for eksempel deltager- orienteret forskning med undertrykte grupper eller “andre”1, der deltager fra “andetgjorte” eller marginale positioner i samfundet. Artiklen giver et socialpraksisteoretisk bud på, hvordan man kan forstå etik, herunder hvordan vi kan arbejde med at overskride etiske dilem- maer, når man som mødre til ‘børn i vanske- ligheder’ bedriver kollektivt biografi-arbejde med udgangspunkt i egne erindringer og egne livserfaringer. Genstandsfeltet er de adfærds- baserede diagnosers betydning: hvad gør de ved “os”. Os skal her forstås bredt som både de professionelle, som familierne samarbejder med, forældrene, familierne og børnene som del af en samfundsmæssig historisk foranderlig diagnose-praksis.

1 Begreber om “de andre” og “andetgørelse” henfører til magt-relationer, diskursive normer og kategorier, der opfattes som universelle (Davies, 2011, Khawaja & Mørck, 2009).
Globalna epidemia otyłości i jej ekonomiczno-społeczne konsekwencje
Authors:   Studenckie Koło Naukowe Chorób Wewnętrznych, Wydział Lekarski, Collegium Medicum Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego, Donderska Marta , Czudy Zuzanna ,   Katedra Humanizacji Medycyny i Seksuologii, Collegium Medicum Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego., Matuszczak Milena ,   Katedra Humanizacji Medycyny i Seksuologii, Collegium Medicum Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego, Haczyński Józef ,   Wydział Medyczny Uniwersytetu w Zielonej Górze, Dyrektor Centrum Zarządzania Ochroną Zdrowia, Wydział Zarządzania Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Published: February 2023

There has been a rapid increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among people worldwide in recent times. Excessive body weight causes many chronic diseases and hinders proper functioning in society. Obesity treatment generates costs that can be divided into direct (related to expensive pharmacotherapy, hospitalization or outpatient treatment) and indirect, resulting from a decrease in productivity and numerous absences from work. The increase in the number of obese people is correlated with the increase in the costs of prevention and treatment of excess body weight and its consequences, which burden budgets of countries around the world every year.
Understanding the customer experience in human-computer interaction: a systematic literature review
Authors: Quiñones Daniela , Rojas Luis
Published: February 2023

Background

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in customer experience (CX) and its relation to the human-computer interaction (HCI) field. The CX is different depending on the domain in which it is studied, and therefore its dimensions may vary.

Methodology

This research presents an extensive review of 122 studies related to CX definitions and dimensions that have been proposed in different domains, including an analysis from an HCI perspective. The guidelines proposed by Kitchenham & Charters (2007) were used, complementing the review with a snowballing approach.

Results

We identified 71 CX definitions (where 14 definitions highlight HCI aspects), 81-dimensional proposals (where 24 proposals contain HCI aspects), and 39 application domains (where 18 domains cover topics related to HCI). However, we did not find CX definitions or dimensions directly focused on HCI. Based on the results, a novel CX definition and dimensions—focused on the HCI area—are proposed and activities that the authors should perform when proposing new CX dimensions in domains related to HCI are suggested, i.e., domains that involve the interaction of a user (or customer) with a software product.

Conclusions

Implications for future practice focus on facilitating the understanding of the CX concept and its relationship with HCI; recognizing the key CX dimensions for different domains and how they relate to HCI dimensions; and helping in the creation of new CX dimensions by suggesting activities that can be performed. The results show that there are opportunities for HCI/CX researchers and practitioners to propose new dimensions of CX for a domain related to HCI, develop instruments that allow the evaluation of CX from an HCI point of view, and perform reviews on a particular domain relevant to HCI but less studied.
Mismatch between IUCN range maps and species interactions data illustrated using the Serengeti food web
Authors: Higino Gracielle T. , Banville Francis , Dansereau Gabriel , Forero Muñoz Norma Rocio , Windsor Fredric , Poisot Timothée
Published: February 2023

Background

Range maps are a useful tool to describe the spatial distribution of species. However, they need to be used with caution, as they essentially represent a rough approximation of a species’ suitable habitats. When stacked together, the resulting communities in each grid cell may not always be realistic, especially when species interactions are taken into account. Here we show the extent of the mismatch between range maps, provided by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and species interactions data. More precisely, we show that local networks built from those stacked range maps often yield unrealistic communities, where species of higher trophic levels are completely disconnected from primary producers.

Methodology

We used the well-described Serengeti food web of mammals and plants as our case study, and identify areas of data mismatch within predators’ range maps by taking into account food web structure. We then used occurrence data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) to investigate where data is most lacking.

Results

We found that most predator ranges comprised large areas without any overlapping distribution of their prey. However, many of these areas contained GBIF occurrences of the predator.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that the mismatch between both data sources could be due either to the lack of information about ecological interactions or the geographical occurrence of prey. We finally discuss general guidelines to help identify defective data among distributions and interactions data, and we recommend this method as a valuable way to assess whether the occurrence data that are being used, even if incomplete, are ecologically accurate.
A qualitative analysis of the main factors in bed management in high complexity hospital emergencies
Authors: Porto Bruno Matos , Terra Stela Xavier , Philippi Daniela Althoff
Published: February 2023

Overcrowding in the emergency department is a problem that generates several implications for bed management, which is deemed one of a hospital's most critical processes. Effective management of hospital production capacity includes bed management processes, which can be improved in order to leverage hospital performance. Thus, this study sought to understand how bed management works and identify the main factors that influence its management. The study was performed through a case study, with data collected from semi-structured interviews and bibliographic research, which were triangulated. Thematic content analysis of the interviews and cross-analysis were performed. As a result, the main factors that influence hospital Bed management were identified: communication between teams and units; definition of performance goals; decisions shared between units; occupation and discharge planning by the teams; length of stay; the role of the nurses; and COVID-19. The greatest difficulties in the management process are related to these factors. Additionally, suggestions are provided to mitigate such reported difficulties.
Evaluation of Burns Wound Healing Properties of Different Varieties of Honey from Cameroun
Authors: Akaba D. , Atemkeng T. F. , Malep Mayama B. B. , Moutila I. L. , . Wamba , Achu M. , Fokou E. , Pieme C. A. , Djam C. A.
Published: February 2023

Introduction: The use of local natural products, such as honey, is empirically prescribed in the treatment of burns and several medical conditions.

Aim: This was conducted to evaluate the burn wound healing activity of three types of local types of honey on rats.

Materials and Methods: This was a comparative experimental study held at the Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of Yaoundé I. We used 3 varieties of honey designated by their cities of origin: Ngaoundal, Okuh, and Yaounde.  Brulex® (Zinc Oxide) was our reference medicine against burns. Male rats of the Wistar strain have served as animal material on which the burns were performed. There were 36 individuals divided into 4 groups of 9 rats per batch for treatment with reference medicine and 3 honey samples. We realized experimental burns under general anesthesia by a heated mass. The surface areas were calculated using Autodesk AutoCAD 2014® software. The photos were taken using an XTIGI V10® telephone. At the various dates selected, the wound surfaces calculated for each batch were expressed in the form of the mean ± standard deviation. 

Results: There wa no significant variation in pH and free acidity. Okuh honey is the most acidic (pH 5.73 ± 0.682). Concerning the Brix degree, the least sweet honey is that of Okuh (73.94 ± 0.115). There is a significant difference in the Brix degree between these three samples (p=0.00000009; Table 1). The richest honey in metabolites was that of Ngaoundal, with polyphenols of 323.79±53.57 mEq/kg, flavonoids of 47.45±3.84 mEq/kg and total flavonols of 21 .82±0.90 mEq/kg.

Concerning the evolution of the healing process, the group of rats treated with Brulex® showed the largest injured surfaces on day 0 (8.83 ± 2.34 cm2), the least extensive being those of the Okuh group (6.83 ± 0.66 cm2). On the 24th day, the smallest areas were in order those of the Ngaoundal, Yaounde, and Okuh lots. While the rats in the Brulex® and negative control lots were not yet completely cured. On histology sections, Okuh, Yaoundé, and Ngaoundal groups had slight fibrosis, hypervascularization and an abundance of immune cells.

Conclusion:  The three honey type seem effective in burn wound care and can be suggested.
Eliciators increase gas exchanges and induce the Zea mays antioxidant system
Authors: Da Silva Martins João Victor , Florêncio da Silva Hilderlande , Oliveira Sousa Valéria Fernandes , Da Silva Toshik Iarley , Jardelino Dias Thiago , Souto Ribeiro Wellington , Do Nascimento Luciana Cordeiro
Published: February 2023

The plant elicitors use as an agricultural input is limited and few studies show their influence on physiological responses. However, its use can induce broad-spectrum and long-lasting resistance in plants by inducing defense systems, primary and secondary metabolism. The the aim of this study was to evaluate the gas exchange (gs, A, E, Ci, WUE, iWUE and iCE) and enzymatic antioxidant system (POD, PPO and PAL) of Z. mays under elicitors application. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with seven treatments: control (sterilized distilled water); Rocksil® (3 g L-1); Poagrim® (3 g L-1); Bion® (0.4 g L-1); Agrosilicon Plus® (3 g L-1); Ecolife® (3 mL L-1); Thiabendazol® (1 g L-1), with four repetitions and three plants per repetition. Gas exchange (net photosynthesis [A], stomatal conductance [gs], internal carbon concentration [Ci], transpiration rate [E], instantaneous water use efficiency [WUE= A/E], intrinsic water use efficiency [iWUE= A/gs], instantaneous carboxylation efficiency [iCE= A/Ci], and enzymatic activity (peroxidase [POX], polyphenol oxidase [PPO], phenylalanine ammonia-lyase [PAL]) were evaluated at 40 and 45 days after sowing. Gs, A, WUE, iCE and peroxidase activity increased in plants whose seeds were soaked with Rocksil® and Thiabendazol®. The phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity was reduced in plants from seeds soaked in Ecolife®. The elicitors increased the gas exchange and antioxidant system of Zea mays L.
A numerical study on the relationship between particle dispersion, accumulation, and indoor airflow in different ventilated rooms
Authors: Wang Wenchao , Ooka Ryozo , Kikumoto Hideki , Oh Wonseok , Lin Chao , Han Mengtao
Published: February 2023

This study serves as a basic study of the indoor dispersion of pollen particles, simulating the flow field and discussing the behavior of particles of different diameters in different rooms. By comparing the vertical velocity components of particles () and the mean flow velocity of z‐direction component () plus the terminal settling velocity in a gravitational field (), the differences between values and plus values are found to occur mainly at locations close to the opposite wall of the inlet. The location of the differences between values and plus values is important findings of this study, which facilitates the improvement of the simulation method at a later stage and the rational design of indoor ventilation patterns to easily remove particles from the room.
Medical physics practice guideline 4.b: Development, implementation, use and maintenance of safety checklists
Authors: Conroy Leigh , Faught Jacqueline T. , Bowers Erika , Ecclestone Gillian , Fong de los Santos Luis E. , Hsu Annie , Johnson Jennifer Lynn , Kim Grace Gwe‐Ya , Schechter Naomi , Schubert Leah K. , Sterling David A.
Published: February 2023

The American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) is a nonprofit professional society whose primary purposes are to advance the science, education, and professional practice of medical physics. The AAPM has more than 8000 members and is the principal organization of medical physicists in the US. The AAPM will periodically define new practice guidelines for medical physics practice to help advance the science of medical physics and to improve the quality of service to patients throughout the US. Existing medical physics practice guidelines will be reviewed for the purpose of revision or renewal, as appropriate, on their fifth anniversary or sooner. Each medical physics practice guideline represents a policy statement by the AAPM, has undergone a thorough consensus process in which it has been subjected to extensive review, and requires the approval of the Professional Council. The medical physics practice guidelines recognize that the safe and effective use of diagnostic and therapeutic radiology requires specific training, skills, and techniques, as described in each document. Reproduction or modification of the published practice guidelines and technical standards by those entities not providing these services is not authorized. The following terms are used in the AAPM practice guidelines: Must and must not: Used to indicate that adherence to the recommendation is considered necessary to conform to this practice guideline. While must is the term to be used in the guidelines, if an entity that adopts the guideline has shall as the preferred term, the AAPM considers that must and shall have the same meaning. Should and should not: Used to indicate a prudent practice to which exceptions may occasionally be made in appropriate circumstances.
CADCA conference opens with focus on prevention
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: February 2023

There were 600 young people at last week's annual leadership conference of CADCA (Community Anti‐Drug Coalitions of America), a meeting that fosters primary prevention, i.e., preventing drug and alcohol use before it starts. The young people are very involved in the presentations.
Targeting of methadone patients angers OTP operator in Alabama
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: February 2023

Allegations that authorities in Alabama are unfairly singling out methadone patients have become top of mind for an opioid treatment program (OTP) owner in the state. The issue hit particularly close to home last month for Susan Staats‐Combs, M.Ed., owner of Shelby County Treatment Center, as positive methadone tests for one of her employees and the woman's newborn triggered a hospital's report to the state and a home visit from the state Department of Human Resources (DHR).
Recovery organization PRO‐A comments on Part 2 NPRM
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: February 2023

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) has proposed significant changes to 42 CFR Part 2, known as Part 2, in a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) issued last year (see https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adaw.33678, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adaw.33661, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adaw.33637, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adaw.33628).
Recovery advocate: News from Minnesota, and the country
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: February 2023

Randy Anderson is a well‐known figure in the small world of recovery advocates; he travels across the country to trainings and his organization, Bold North Recovery, is a [Connecticut Community for Addiction Recovery] CCAR‐certified trainer for peers in recovery. ADAW talked to him last month about his work in the field.
Electric Field‐Driven Dielectrophoretic Elastomer Actuators
Authors: Xu Ciqun , Faul Charl F. J. , Taghavi Majid , Rossiter Jonathan
Published: February 2023

Dielectrophoresis is the electro‐mechanical phenomenon where a force is generated on a dielectric material when exposed to a non‐uniform electric field. It has potential to be exploited in smart materials for robotic manipulation and locomotion, but to date it has been sparsely studied in this area. Herein, a new type of dielectrophoretic actuator exploiting a novel electroactive polymer is described, termed as dielectrophoretic elastomer (DPE), which undergoes electric field‐driven actuation through dielectrophoresis. Unique deflection and morphing behavior of the elastomer induced by controlling the dielectrophoretic phenomenon, such as out‐of‐plane deformation and independence of electric field polarity, are illustrated. The dielectric and mechanical properties of the DPE are studied to gain insight into the influence of materials composition on deformation. Actuation performance using different electrode parameters is experimentally investigated with supplementary analysis through finite element simulation, revealing the relationship between electric field inhomogeneity and deflection. The applications of DPE actuators in a range of robotic devices is demonstrated, including a pump, an adjustable optical lens, and a walking robot. This diverse range of applications illustrates the wide potential of these new soft‐and‐smart electric field‐driven materials for use in soft robotics and soft compliant devices.
Temperature‐Induced Self‐Decomposition Doping of Fe3GeTe2 to Achieve Ultra‐High Tc of 496 K for Multispectral Compatible Strong Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: Li Guanghao , Ma Suping , Li Zhuo , Zhang Yawen , Cao Yishu , Huang Yi
Published: February 2023

Fe3GeTe2 provides an ideal system for the study of itinerant ferromagnetism. However, the Curie temperature (Tc) below room temperature limits its further in‐depth research and wide applications. Here, the Tc of 224 K for Fe3GeTe2 is greatly increased to 496 K for Fe3GeTe2/FeTe2/Fe3Ge by temperature‐induced self‐decomposition doping, contributing to improve the electromagnetic response for enhancing the absorption strength and bandwidth and boosting application potentials at higher temperatures. Then, to achieve the multispectral compatible strong absorption, room temperature ferromagnetic dielectric graphene@Fe3GeTe2/FeTe2/Fe3Ge absorber with 3D porous network structure is prepared by synergistic self‐assembly. It has high Tc of 443 K with strong electromagnetic synergistic loss, achieving reflection loss of −61 dB at 12.6 GHz. Moreover, its absorption loss in the terahertz band (0.1–1.6 THz) is 76 dB, and the average loss is greater than 50.4 dB. Furthermore, the absorber is very potential as stealth skin to efficiently reduce satellite RCS with a multi‐angle and multi‐band manner in the gigahertz and terahertz bands, thus achieving the purpose of stealth. Compared with the reported conventional absorbers, the absorber has a multispectral compatible strong absorption performance covering gigahertz and terahertz bands, thus very promising for electromagnetic protection of electromagnetic communication and space vehicles.
Tailoring the Crystal‐Chemical States of Water Molecules in Sepiolite for Superior Coating Layers of Zn Metal Anodes
Authors: Wang Yaping , Lin Xuguang , Wang Li , Yang Yadi , Zhang Yifang , Pan Anqiang
Published: February 2023

Protective coatings are effective in stabilizing Zn metal anodes. Nevertheless, the diverse features of the coating material increase the interface's complexity and often conceal the real mechanism of how the coating functions on electrode behavior. Moreover, the lack of precise regulation for a targeting feature results in ostensible correlations between structure and function, which sets great obstacles for further improving Zn anode performance. Herein, sepiolite, a hydrated mineral, and its derived materials to protect the Zn anode is introduced. By precisely tailoring different kinds of water molecules, the crystal/chemical states of the coating material is managed to regulate. Their impacts on Zn anode kinetics are revealed by experiments and DFT calculations, which indicate major interactions of Zn with the water molecules or the oxygens on the silicate backbone before/after the removal of zeolitic/coordinated water, and an important role of the structural water (Mg‐OH hydroxyl group) on the structural stability. The Sep‐OH sample with good stability and desired interaction with Zn shows the best performance in terms of uniforming Zn depositions, inhibiting side reactions and reducing polarizations. The tailoring of water molecules in mineral materials provides a new example for investigating and improving the Zn anodes and other similar electrodes.
Understanding the Role of Small Cations on the Electroluminescence Performance of Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Ngai Kwan Ho , Sun Xinwen , Wang Yinping , Lin Long , Chen Zefeng , Wei Qi , Li Mingjie , Luan Chuhao , Zhang Wenjun , Xu Jianbin , Long Mingzhu
Published: February 2023

The delicate engineering of monovalent cations in perovskite material has led to continuous performance breakthroughs and stability improvement for the perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs). However, the exact role of A‐site cations on the electroluminescence (EL) performance and degradation mechanism of PeLEDs has not been systematically answered yet. Herein, it is demonstrated that the most commonly used methylammonium cation (MA+) has an adverse effect on the electrochemical reaction at the interface between perovskite and metal‐oxide layer, leading to deteriorated EL performance as compared to that of the formamidinium cation (FA+)‐based perovskite. It reveals that the accelerated deprotonation process of MA+ under an electric field will aggravate the reaction between iodide and metal ion in oxide layer. The further substitution of a small portion of FA+ with inorganic cesium cation (Cs+) results in much enhanced crystallinity and enlarged crystal size, leading to an optimized peak external quantum efficiency of 21.3%. The ion migration process in the PeLEDs can be significantly suppressed with Cs+ incorporation, leading to a smaller roll‐off under large current density and an elongated half‐lifetime of 190.1 h under a current density of 20 mA cm‐2, representing one of the most stable PeLEDs based on 3D perovskite layer.
Field‐Free Spin‐Orbit Torque Switching in Synthetic Ferro and Antiferromagents with Exchange Field Gradient
Authors: Fan Haodong , Jin Menghao , Luo Yongming , Yang Hongxin , Wu Birui , Feng Zhongshu , Zhuang Yanshan , Shao Ziji , Yu Changqiu , Li Hai , Wen Jiahong , Wang Ningning , Liu Bo , Li Wenjun , Zhou Tiejun
Published: February 2023

Deterministic switching of perpendicularly magnetized synthetic antiferromagnets using spin‐orbit torque (SOT) usually requires an in‐plane auxiliary magnetic field, which limits its practical applications. Here, an exchange field gradient is introduced into perpendicularly magnetized synthetic ferro‐ and antiferromagnets (SFs and SAFs) through the insertion of a slightly wedged Ru between two thin ferromagnetic layers, which induces field‐free switching of perpendicular SFs and SAFs with a switching ratio up to 81% regardless of the nature of the coupling. Temperature‐dependent measurement shows a robust field‐free switching even at low temperature. The experimental results show that the field‐free switching ratio and the effective SOT field are directly related to the exchange field gradient. The theoretical model and numerical simulation indicate that the dynamic noncollinear spin textures induced by the exchange field gradient lead to the field‐free switching, while the sign of the exchange field gradient determines the field‐free switching polarity. It is further revealed that the SOT efficiency is positively correlated with the antiferromagnetic exchange field for both Ru wedged and non‐wedged samples. These results provide a new avenue for simultaneously achieving field‐free switching and high SOT efficiency of perpendicularly magnetized SAFs for highly stable, high‐density, low‐stray‐field, and low‐power magnetic memory devices.
Reprogrammable Spoof Plasmonic Modulator
Authors: Gao Xinxin , Gu Ze , Ma Qian , Cui Wen Yi , Cui Tie Jun , Chan Chi Hou
Published: February 2023

Driven by increasing demands for the ultra‐compact interconnects of integrated electronics and the ultrafast information transfer of communication systems, research on spoof plasmonic metamaterials has attracted considerable attention. However, most efforts to date have been only achieved in individual modulation of amplitude or phase at a single frequency because of the limitation of structural design. Herein, an ultra‐thin reprogrammable modulator consisting of a spoof surface plasmonic polariton (SSPP) waveguide and spoof localized surface plasmon (SLSP) resonators is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. It allows controlling the amplitudes and phases of surface waves independently. By simultaneously manipulating the SSPP waveguide and SLSP resonators in real time, different modulations are realized in a programmable way, such as amplitude‐shift keying, phase‐shift keying, quadrature amplitude modulation, and frequency‐shift keying. Measured results confirm that the reprogrammable plasmonic metamaterial can modulate the surface electromagnetic waves, holding promising applications in integrated circuits and communication systems.
Non‐Flammable Electrolyte with Lithium Nitrate as the Only Lithium Salt for Boosting Ultra‐Stable Cycling and Fire‐Safety Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Liao Can , Han Longfei , Wang Wei , Li Wanqing , Mu Xiaowei , Kan Yongchun , Zhu Jixin , Gui Zhou , He Xiangming , Song Lei , Hu Yuan
Published: February 2023

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) attract considerable attention for their incomparable energy density. However, safety issues caused by uncontrollable lithium dendrites and highly flammable electrolyte limit large‐scale LMBs applications. Herein, a low‐cost, thermally stable, and low environmentally‐sensitive lithium nitrate (LiNO3) is proposed as the only lithium salt to incorporate with nonflammable triethyl phosphate and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) co‐solvent as the electrolyte anticipated to enhance the performance of LMBs. Benefiting from the presence of NO3− and FEC with strong solvation effect and easily reduced ability, a Li3N–LiF‐rich stable solid electrolyte interphase is constructed. Compared to commercial electrolytes, the proposed electrolyte has a high Coulombic efficiency of 98.31% in Li‐Cu test at 1 mA cm−2 of 1.0 mAh cm−2 with dendrite‐free morphology. Additionally, the electrolyte system shows high voltage stability and cathode electrolyte interphase film‐forming properties with stable cycling performances, which exhibit outstanding capacity retention rates of 96.39% and 83.74% after 1000 cycles for LFP//Li and NCM811//Li, respectively. Importantly, the non‐flammable electrolyte delays the onset of combustion in lithium metal soft pack batteries by 255 s and reduces the peak heat release by 21.02% under the continuous external high‐temperature heating condition. The novel electrolyte can contribute immensely to developing high‐electrochemical‐performance and high‐safety LMBs.
Artificial Helical Screws of 2D Materials with Archimedean Spiral Arrangement
Authors: Hwang Ho Seong , Jung Hong Ju , Kim Jin Goo , Jeong Hyeon Su , Lee Won Jun , Kim Sang Ouk
Published: February 2023

Helix structures, which are frequently observed in nature, act as versatile structural templates for complex functionalities with asymmetry and anisotropy. However, atomically thin 2D materials, including graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and MXenes, do not have inherent chirality in their planar geometry and cannot easily form such a structure. This study presents the macroscopic self‐assembly of 2D materials for helical screws with an Archimedean spiral arrangement. The naturally triggered spontaneous rotation upon the 1D fiber assembly of 2D materials forms helical screws consisting of multiple helices and perversions. For a clear understanding of the morphological evolution of helical screws, variations in the helical pitch and angle are systematically analyzed considering thermodynamic and kinetic conditions. Subsequently, the influence of spontaneous helix formation on the properties of the 2D assembled fibers is investigated in terms of the solvent‐driven actuator performance and electrical and electrothermal properties. The suggested approach provides a new perspective on the directed self‐assembly of inherently achiral 2D materials toward chiral helix formation.
More Than Energy Harvesting in Electret Electronics‐Moving toward Next‐Generation Functional System
Authors: Zhu Jianxiong , Yang Yaxin , Zhang Hui , Zhao Zijing , Hu Tao , Liu Lei
Published: February 2023

Electrets are normally applied for energy conversion from mechanical vibration sources in the environment to electrical power without any friction, which induces electric device sustainability and mechanically robust. It functions for electron storage and electrostatic/triboelectric effect, whose electrical/mechanical performance dramatically benefits energy harvesters, self‐powered sensors, and even intelligent/sustainable systems. To summarize the progress of electret‐based electronics, this review proposes three key issues around enhanced energy harvesting toward sensors and sustainable systems. First, with the properties of long‐term charge storage characteristics and the contactless mechanism for energy harvesting, the enhancement effect in electret from MEMS devices, porous microstructure devices, and multilayer electret devices are carefully assessed with the output power from various devices. Second, the multi‐functional applications aspect along with the triboelectric coupling effect and artificial piezoelectric materials are discussed as future electret devices, for example, polydimethylsiloxane materials. Third, more than energy harvesting, machine learning‐enabled methodology in electret electronics can be more reliable and sustainable, dramatically contributing to the living standard of the society. Electret technologies on the future development trends are finally analyzed and strengthened toward multifunctional, sustainable, and intelligent systems along with the upcoming technologies in coupling mechanism, artificial composite materials, and machine learning in data fusion.
Design of Nanohydrogels for Targeted Intracellular Drug Transport to the Trans‐Golgi Network
Authors: Keller Thorsten , Trinks Nora , Brand Jessica , Trippmacher Steffen , Stahlhut Philipp , Albrecht Krystyna , Papastavrou Georg , Koepsell Hermann , Sauer Markus , Groll Jürgen
Published: February 2023

Nanohydrogels combine advantages of hydrogels and nanoparticles. In particular, they represent promising drug delivery systems. Nanogel synthesis by oxidative condensation of polyglycidol prepolymers, that are modified with thiol groups, results in crosslinking by disulfide bonds. Hereby, biomolecules like the antidiabetic peptide RS1‐reg, derived from the regulatory protein RS1 of the Na+‐D‐glucose cotransporter SGLT1, can be covalently bound by cysteine residues to the nanogel in a hydrophilic, stabilizing environment. After oral uptake, the acid‐stable nanogels protect their loading during gastric passage from proteolytic degradation. Under alkaline conditions in small intestine the nanohydrogels become mucoadhesive, pass the intestinal mucosa and are taken up into small intestinal enterocytes by endocytosis. Using Caco‐2 cells as a model for small intestinal enterocytes, by confocal laser scanning microscopy and structured illumination microscopy, the colocalization of fluorescent‐labeled RS1‐reg with markers of endosomes, lysosomes, and trans‐Golgi‐network after uptake with polyglycidol‐based nanogels formed by precipitation polymerization is demonstrated. This indicates that RS1‐reg follows the endosomal pathway. In the following, the design of bespoken nanohydrogels for specific targeting of RS1‐reg to its site of action at the trans‐Golgi network is described that might also represent a way of targeted transport for other drugs to their targets at the Golgi apparatus.
Microneedle Patch Loaded with Exosomes Containing MicroRNA‐29b Prevents Cardiac Fibrosis after Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Yuan Jianping , Yang Hong , Liu Chunxia , Shao Lianbo , Zhang Haixin , Lu Kunyan , Wang Jingjing , Wang Yuanyuan , Yu Qian , Zhang Yanxia , Yu Yunsheng , Shen Zhenya
Published: February 2023

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a cardiovascular disease that poses a serious threat to human health. Uncontrolled and excessive cardiac fibrosis after MI has been recognized as a primary contributor to mortality by heart failure. Thus, prevention of fibrosis or alleviation of fibrosis progression is important for cardiac repair. To this end, a biocompatible microneedle (MN) patch based on gelatin is fabricated to load exosomes containing microRNA‐29b (miR‐29b) mimics with antifibrotic activity to prevent excessive cardiac fibrosis after MI. Exosomes are isolated from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and loaded with miR‐29b mimics via electroporation, which can be internalized effectively in cardiac fibroblasts to upregulate the expression of miR‐29b and downregulate the expression of fibrosis‐related proteins. After being implanted in the infarcted heart of a mouse MI model, the MN patch can increase the retention of loaded exosomes in the infarcted myocardium, leading to alleviation of inflammation, reduction of the infarct size, inhibition of fibrosis, and improvement of cardiac function. This design explored the MN patch as a suitable platform to deliver exosomes containing antifibrotic biomolecules locally for the prevention of cardiac fibrosis, showing the potential for MI treatment in clinical applications.
300‐Times‐Increased Diffusive Skyrmion Dynamics and Effective Pinning Reduction by Periodic Field Excitation
Authors: Gruber Raphael , Brems Maarten A. , Rothörl Jan , Sparmann Tobias , Schmitt Maurice , Kononenko Iryna , Kammerbauer Fabian , Syskaki Maria‐Andromachi , Farago Oded , Virnau Peter , Kläui Mathias
Published: February 2023

Thermally induced skyrmion dynamics, as well as skyrmion pinning effects, in thin films have attracted significant interest. While pinning poses challenges in deterministic skyrmion devices and slows down skyrmion diffusion, for applications in non‐conventional computing, both pinning of an appropriate strength and skyrmion diffusion speed are key. Here, periodic field excitations are employed to realize an increase of the skyrmion diffusion by more than two orders of magnitude. Amplifying the excitation, a drastic reduction of the effective skyrmion pinning, is reported, and a transition from pinning‐dominated diffusive hopping to dynamics approaching free diffusion is observed. By tailoring the field oscillation frequency and amplitude, a continuous tuning of the effective pinning and skyrmion dynamics is demonstrated, which is a key asset and enabler for non‐conventional computing applications. It is found that the periodic excitations additionally allow stabilization of skyrmions at different sizes for field values that are inaccessible in static systems, opening up new approaches to ultrafast skyrmion motion by transiently exciting moving skyrmions.
Engineering and Development of a Tissue Model for the Evaluation of Microneedle Penetration Ability, Drug Diffusion, Photothermal Activity, and Ultrasound Imaging: A Promising Surrogate to Ex Vivo and In Vivo Tissues
Authors: Makvandi Pooyan , Shabani Majid , Rabiee Navid , Anjani Qonita Kurnia , Maleki Aziz , Zare Ehsan Nazarzadeh , Sabri Akmal Hidayat Bin , De Pasquale Daniele , Koskinopoulou Maria , Sharifi Esmaeel , Sartorius Rossella , Seyedhamzeh Mohammad , Bochani Shayesteh , Hirata Ikue , Paiva‐Santos Ana Cláudia , Mattos Leonardo S. , Donnelly Ryan F. , Mattoli Virgilio
Published: February 2023

Driven by regulatory authorities and the ever‐growing demands from industry, various artificial tissue models have been developed. Nevertheless, there is no model to date that is capable of mimicking the biomechanical properties of the skin whilst exhibiting the hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity properties of the skin layers. As a proof‐of‐concept study, tissue surrogates based on gel and silicone are fabricated for the evaluation of microneedle penetration, drug diffusion, photothermal activity, and ultrasound bioimaging. The silicone layer aims to imitate the stratum corneum while the gel layer aims to mimic the water‐rich viable epidermis and dermis present in in vivo tissues. The diffusion of drugs across the tissue model is assessed, and the results reveal that the proposed tissue model shows similar behavior to a cancerous kidney. In place of typical in vitro aqueous solutions, this model can also be employed for evaluating the photoactivity of photothermal agents since the tissue model shows a similar heating profile to skin of mice when irradiated with near‐infrared laser. In addition, the designed tissue model exhibits promising results for biomedical applications in optical coherence tomography and ultrasound imaging. Such a tissue model paves the way to reduce the use of animals testing in research whilst obviating ethical concerns.
Size‐Induced Ferroelectricity in Antiferroelectric Oxide Membranes
Authors: Xu Ruijuan , Crust Kevin J. , Harbola Varun , Arras Rémi , Patel Kinnary Y. , Prosandeev Sergey , Cao Hui , Shao Yu‐Tsun , Behera Piush , Caretta Lucas , Kim Woo Jin , Khandelwal Aarushi , Acharya Megha , Wang Melody M. , Liu Yin , Barnard Edward S. , Raja Archana , Martin Lane W. , Gu X. Wendy , Zhou Hua , Ramesh Ramamoorthy , Muller David A. , Bellaiche Laurent , Hwang Harold Y.
Published: February 2023

Despite extensive studies on size effects in ferroelectrics, how structures and properties evolve in antiferroelectrics with reduced dimensions still remains elusive. Given the enormous potential of utilizing antiferroelectrics for high‐energy‐density storage applications, understanding their size effects will provide key information for optimizing device performances at small scales. Here, the fundamental intrinsic size dependence of antiferroelectricity in lead‐free NaNbO3 membranes is investigated. Via a wide range of experimental and theoretical approaches, an intriguing antiferroelectric‐to‐ferroelectric transition upon reducing membrane thickness is probed. This size effect leads to a ferroelectric single‐phase below 40 nm, as well as a mixed‐phase state with ferroelectric and antiferroelectric orders coexisting above this critical thickness. Furthermore, it is shown that the antiferroelectric and ferroelectric orders are electrically switchable. First‐principle calculations further reveal that the observed transition is driven by the structural distortion arising from the membrane surface. This work provides direct experimental evidence for intrinsic size‐driven scaling in antiferroelectrics and demonstrates enormous potential of utilizing size effects to drive emergent properties in environmentally benign lead‐free oxides with the membrane platform.
Rapid and Direct Liquid‐Phase Synthesis of Luminescent Metal Halide Superlattices
Authors: Le Thanh‐Hai , Noh Seonmyeong , Lee Haney , Lee Jisun , Kim Minjin , Kim Changjun , Yoon Hyeonseok
Published: February 2023

The crystallization of nanocrystal building blocks into artificial superlattices has emerged as an efficient approach for tailoring the nanoscale properties and functionalities of novel devices. To date, ordered arrays of colloidal metal halide nanocrystals have mainly been achieved by using post‐synthetic strategies. Here, a rapid and direct liquid‐phase synthesis is presented to achieve a highly robust crystallization of luminescent metal halide nanocrystals into perfect face‐centered‐cubic (FCC) superlattices on the micrometer scale. The continuous growth of individual nanocrystals is observed within the superlattice, followed by the disassembly of the superlattices into individually dispersed nanocrystals owing to the highly repulsive interparticle interactions induced by large nanocrystals. Transmission electron microscopy characterization reveals that owing to an increase in solvent entropy, the structure of the superlattices transforms from FCC to hexagonal close‐packed (HCP) and the nanocrystals disassemble. The FCC superlattice exhibits a single and slightly redshifted emission, due to the reabsorption‐free property of the building block units. Compared to individual nanocrystals, the superlattices have three times higher quantum yield with improved environmental stability, making them ideal for use as ultrabright blue‐light emitters. This study is expected to facilitate the creation of metamaterials with ordered nanocrystal structures and their practical applications.