bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental research on breakage characteristics of feed pellets under different loading methods
Authors: Kong Xianrui , Cao Qing , Yong Ganwen , Wang Duo , Niu Zhiyou
Published: April 2024

Particle breakage is a common phenomenon during the processing of production, storage, and transportation. Because of the requirements for pellet integrity in poultry farming, research on the breakage characteristics of feed pellets is necessary. In this paper, repeated compression tests under different loading forces and repeated impact tests under different air pressures were carried out with feed pellets as the research object. The breakage behaviors were described, and the particle size distribution of feed pellets was analyzed quantitatively. The variation of energy and pulverization rate under different loading methods was analyzed with the increase of loading cycles. The relationship between energy and pulverization rate was fitted. The results showed that the breakage degree decreased gradually from top to bottom in repeated compression tests, and the crack density positively correlated with the loading force. The size of the feed pellets during repeated impacts decreased continuously and was negatively correlated with air pressure. The Weibull function could fit the particle size distribution well, and the R2 values were greater than 0.97 and 0.96. Weibull parameters showed a steady breakage degree in compression tests and a growing breakage degree in impact tests. The energy and pulverization rate increased with the loading cycles in different loading methods. The model of Vogel and Peukert could describe the relationship between energy and pulverization rate well, and the R2 values were greater than 0.94. The minimum energy required for pellet breakage in compression was greater than that in impact due to the compaction of the feed particle bed under repeated compression. The results can provide basic theory and data support for breakage characteristics and quality evaluation of feed pellets.
HBV-mediated Suppression of Megakaryocyte Differentiation through UBE4B Upregulation and Modulation of p53 and ERK1/2
Authors: Jiang Huinan , Sheng Qiuju , Li Yanwei , Dou Xiaoguang , Ding Yang , Zhang Chong , Han Chao , Fan Yaoxin
Published: April 2024

Background
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can cause thrombocytopenia through its effects on hematopoiesis, but the mechanisms underlying this process are still unclear. The process of platelet generation encompasses multiple stages, among these stages, the differentiation of mature megakaryocytes plays a pivotal role in platelet production.
Objective
In this study, we investigated the impact of HBV on the differentiation of mature megakaryocytes and its molecular mechanism.
Methods
Different doses of HBV virus solution extracted from HepAD38 cells were co-cultured with hematopoietic stem cells isolated from fresh, full-term healthy maternal cord blood through magnetic bead sorting. The study aimed to assess the variances in megakaryocyte differentiation and maturation after HBV infection. Furthermore, Label-free quantitative proteomics was employed to analyze the differential proteins during the mature megakaryocyte stages pre- and post-HBV infection, with a focus on elucidating their respective molecular mechanisms.
Results
Through comparison, it was discovered that HBV could impede the differentiation process of fully developed megakaryocytes. Specifically, during the maturation stage of megakaryocytes, HBV had the ability to hinder cell DNA polyploidization as well as the formation of cytoskeletal proteins. Furthermore, its suppressive effect was more pronounced in the later stages of differentiation, consequently leading to impaired platelet production. Proteomic analysis revealed noteworthy disparities in UBE4B protein levels within mature megakaryocytes after HBV infection. Upon transfection with lentivirus and subsequent knockdown of UBE4B in mature megakaryocytes, a noticeable alleviation of HBV's inhibitory impact on mature megakaryocytes was observed, accompanied by regulation of p53 and ERK1/2 expression and phosphorylation in the cells.
Conclusion
HBV can upregulate the expression of UBE4B, inhibit the expression and phosphorylation of p53, enhance the expression and phosphorylation of ERK1/2, suppress the differentiation of mature megakaryocytes, thereby leading to platelet production disorders.
Evodiamine Inhibits the Progression of Esophageal Aquamous Cell Carcinoma via Modulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway
Authors: Jiang Hangyu , Yuan Qiang , Chu Yueming , Li Yuqi , Zhu Maofei , Li Lin
Published: April 2024

Purpose
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the main reasons of cancer-associated deaths. The effective antitumor drug evodiamine (EVO) is attracting increased, showing suppression of the development of tumor. Nevertheless, the potential mechanisms are not clear. Therefore, exploring promising therapeutic targets and the mechanisms of the anti-tumor effects of EVO is urgent for the treatment of ESCC.
Methods
In this study, two ESCC cell lines, TE-1 and KYSE150 were subjected to cell viability assay. Flow cytometry assays were applied to assess the apoptosis and the distribution of cell cycle. The metastasis capacity of ESCC cell was assessed via wound healing assays and transwell assays. Furthermore, western blot analysis is applied to test the expression of proteins. Finally, ESCC xenograft models were established in vivo.
Results
In the current research, we revealed that EVO triggered caspase-dependent apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest and impaired the migration and invasion, which suppressed the proliferation of ESCC cells. Mechanically, this study demonstrated that EVO could suppress the growth of ESCC cells by regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathways. In addition, EVO treatment of mice also attenuated tumor growth in ESCC xenograft models.
Conclusion: The results revealed that EVO induced ESCC cell apoptosis and blocked cell cycle at G2/M phase as well as anti-metastatic through suppressing PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathways, indicating EVO could be a potential chemotherapeutic candidate for ESCC.
Investıgatıon of the Effects of Treatment with Enoxaparın Sodıum and Hyperbarıc Oxygen Therapy on the Recovery of Rats Wıth Achılles Tendon Rupture
Authors: Aytekin Cafer Erman , Turhan Yalçın , Karaduman Zekeriya Okan , Arican Mehmet , Sağlam Sönmez , Coşkun Sinem Kantarcıoğlu , Uludağ Veysel
Published: April 2024

Purpose
In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and enoxaparin sodium, which are known to accelerate bone tissue healing as well as tendon and soft tissue healing, on the healing of Achilles tendon rupture.
Methods
Thirty-six rats were used in the present study. All rats were divided into groups of nine. The groups were the enoxaparin sodium group, enoxaparin sodium and hyperbaric oxygen group, hyperbaric oxygen group and control group. After 21 days, the process was completed, and the rats were sacrificed. Achilles tendon samples were evaluated histopathologically.
Results
The groups were compared according to the results of statistical analysis based on the histopathological data. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of acute inflammation (p = 0.785) or chronic inflammation (p = 0.827) scores, but there were significant differences in neovascularization (p = 0.009), proliferation (p < 0.001) and fibrosis (p = 0.006) scores.
Conclusion
Our study showed that the use of enoxaparin sodium and hyperbaric oxygen had a positive effect on the healing of the Achilles tendon. Based on these results, we believe that the use of enoxaparin sodium and hyperbaric oxygen therapy after Achilles tendon rupture will be beneficial for healing and preventing complications.
Identification of Biomarkers in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Using Bioinformatics and Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Zhang Hao , Shi Shengbo , Huang Xingxing , Gong Changsheng , Zhang Zijing , Zhao Zetian , Gao Junxiao , Zhang Meng , Yu Xiaobing
Published: April 2024

Background
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration (IDD) is a major cause of lower back pain and a significant global health issue. However, the specific mechanisms of IDD remain unclear. This study aims to identify key genes and pathways associated with IDD using bioinformatics and machine learning algorithms.
Methods
Gene expression profiles, including those from 35 LDH patients and 43 healthy volunteers, were downloaded from the GEO database (GSE124272, GSE150408, GSE23130, GSE153761). After merging four microarray datasets, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were selected for GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was then applied to the merged dataset to identify relevant modules and intersect with DEGs to discover candidate genes with diagnostic value. A LASSO model was established to select appropriate genes, and ROC curves were drawn to elucidate the diagnostic value of genetic markers. A Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network was constructed and visualized to determine central genes, followed by external validation using qRT-PCR.
Results
Differential analysis of the preprocessed dataset identified 244 genes, including 183 upregulated and 61 downregulated genes. WGCNA analysis revealed the most relevant module intersecting with DEGs, yielding 9 candidate genes. The lasso-cox method was used for regression analysis, ultimately identifying 6 genes: ASPH, CDC42EP3, FOSL2, IL1R1, NFKBIZ, TCF7L2. A Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network created with GENEMANIA identified IL1R1 and TCF7L2 as central genes.
Conclusion
Our study indicates that IL1R1 and TCF7L2 are potential biomarkers for IDD, offering new insights into the pathogenesis and therapeutic development of IDD.
Psychiatric outpatient care: work of general and specialized hospital settings in Baghdad: Insight from Iraq
Authors: Younis Maha Sulaiman , Saeed Amina Jassim , Al-Badri Sajjad G. , Hashim Hashim Talib
Published: April 2024

Background
The establishment of psychiatric services in general hospitals has been driven by various factors, including the prioritization of communicable and non-communicable diseases, the de-institutionalization movement in mental health care, and the geographic and sociocultural barriers to accessing specialized psychiatric services. In Iraq, the stigmatization of mental illness and the under-provision of community-based facilities contribute to the underreporting of mental disorders and the inclination to seek care from non-specialist physicians. This study aims to evaluate the demographic characteristics, patterns of psychiatric disorders, referral and consultation practices, and patient satisfaction in general and specialized psychiatric outpatient settings in Iraq.
Methods
A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted with 650 patients attending outpatient psychiatric clinics at Baghdad Teaching Hospital and Ibn-Rushd (IRH) Psychiatric Hospital from February to July 2021. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews based on DSM-5 criteria and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 27.
Results
Attendees predominantly presented with major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, and generalized anxiety disorder. Patterns of consultation varied between the two hospitals, with IRH showing a higher prevalence of schizophrenia and chronic cases, while Baghdad Hospital had a higher proportion of first-time visitors. Patient satisfaction was generally higher in the specialized IRH setting compared to the general hospital. The workload was significantly heavier in IRH, reflecting the preference for specialized psychiatric care. The study highlighted the challenges of the mental health system in Iraq, including the impact of political instability, conflict, and underinvestment in healthcare infrastructure.
Conclusion
The study underscores the necessity of enhancing psychiatric services in general hospitals in Iraq to cater to the diverse needs of patients with mental disorders. It emphasizes the importance of addressing the sociocultural stigma and the structural challenges faced by the healthcare system. Integrating psychiatric services within general hospitals could improve accessibility and reduce the burden on specialized facilities, provided that the quality of care and patient satisfaction are ensured.
Geological evidences: New insights into rock avalanche dynamics
Authors: Wang Yufeng , Chen Mei , Liu Yuanyuan , Wünnemann Bernd , Cheng Qiangong , Ming Jie , Hu Liwen , Li Kun , Lin Qiwen
Published: April 2024

Rock avalanche (RA) is one of the most enigmatic geological processes on Earth and other planets featured by extremely high mobility1-7. Although great work has been conducted with many hypotheses being proposed8-19, the mechanism for its high mobility remains a challenging issue due to lacking geological evidence20-21. Microscope observations and mineral analysis of the basal and body facies of the Nyixoi Chongco RA on the Tibetan Plateau, China show that grains in the RA deform by brittle fracturing with a frictional temperature being 270 ~ 300 ℃. The basal facies is featured by a dilated regime with a high fragmentation degree, but the body facies displays a dense regime with a relatively low fragmentation although their temperatures are near. Jigsaw structure featured by intensive collision is observed in the basal facies but lacking in the body facies. With these geological evidences, it is reached that the frictional temperature of most RAs featured by brittle fracturing should be low that can not cause the occurrence of thermal decomposition or melt. A mechanism liking a leidenfrost effect should occur in the basal facies, which is related to landquake and dominates the high mobility of RAs by the generation of a relatively dilated regime with the main mass propagated as a cataclastic flow.
Clinical value of Tc-99m MIBI scintigraphy for the level of lower limb amputation in patients with diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: ekici mehmet , günay ali eray , karaçavuş seyhan , gençer hümeyra , ozan fırat
Published: April 2024

Background
There is a positive relationship between mitochondrial damage in the cell and uptake in 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy. Severe mitochondrial dysfunction with cell death occurs in patients with diabetic foot ulcers. 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy should be considered in order to decide on the level of amputation.
Methods
Prospectively twenty-four patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) were included in the study. As a result of treatment that started with the hospitalization, patients whose DFUs healed and did not need surgical intervention were determined as group 1, and patients whose DFUs did not regress despite surgical and medical treatment and who required further surgical intervention were determined as Group 2. 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy was obtained before surgery. The 99mTc-MIBI uptake rates of the injured foot relative to the healthy foot were recorded. Deep tissue culture was taken at surgery. ESR, WBC, CRP and albumin values of the patients were measured.
Results
In this study, 99mTc-MIBI uptake rates of patients with poor prognosis were higher at all times than in patients who did not require revision surgery. A significant difference was found between these values in the 10th- and 30th-second rates. While the CRP level was 86.04 ± 21.87 mg / dL in Group 1, it was measured as 144.43 ± 27.54 mg / dL in Group 2 (p = 0,040). There is a positive correlation between ulcerated foot / healthy foot 99mTc-MIBI involvement rates at 10 and 30 seconds and CRP values, and a negative correlation between albumin values.
Conclusion
There is a significant relationship between 99mTc-MIBI involvement rates and poor prognosis and reamputation. The correlation between CRP and albumin levels which are among the predictive values, and 99mTc-MIBI uptake confirms this relationship. In diabetic foot ulcers, which are difficult to management and treatment.
Intraarticular Nodular Fasciitis of the Elbow Confirmed by USP6-MYH9 Gene Fusion.
Authors: Adachi Shiro , Kukita Yoji , Abe Shingo , Nakamura Harumi , Tamura Hiromi , Doi Reiko , Kuriyama Kohji
Published: April 2024

Background: Nodular fasciitis is a benign, usually self-limiting myofibroblastic proliferation with a predilection for the upper extremities, trunk, and head and neck of young adults. Although it usually arises within subcutaneous tissues, it may also occur within skeletal muscle, dermis, vessels, and peripheral nerves. Since nodular fasciitis is not widely recognized to arise within joints, it may therefore cause diagnostic confusion in this uncommon setting. Histology can vary considerably and can, therefore, mimic other benign or low grade malignant neoplasms. Recent molecular analysis revealed that most cases of nodular fasciitis involve USP6-MYH9fusion.
Case presentation: We report an unusual case of an 11-year-old patient who presented with a 6-month history of right elbow swelling and pain. Radiological examinations suggested tenosynovial giant cell tumor. Histology revealed that the tumor was composed solely of proliferating bland spindle cells with osteoclast-like giant cells and scattered foam cells. There was only a focal area of immature granulation-like myxoid change, which suggested nodular fasciitis. Molecular analysis using next-generation sequencing revealed gene rearrangementinvolving USP6 and MYH9, supporting the diagnosis of nodular fasciitis within the elbow joint.
Conclusion: This is the first case of intraarticular nodular fasciitis within the elbow joint in which MYH9-USP6 gene fusion was identified by molecular analysis. Nodular fasciitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intraarticular lesions.
Short-Term Outcomes of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Pancreatic Cyst Ablation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Qady Ahmed Al , Nayar Kapil Dev , Emran Joseph , Beirat Amir , Menakuru Sasmith , Harris Dana , Echols Dan J. , Ji Baoan , DeWitt John M , Wang Zhen , Stancampiano Fernando F. , Bi Yan
Published: April 2024

Background
Pancreatic cysts (PC) are increasingly detected through abdominal imaging, prompting exploration of alternatives such as endoscopic ultrasound-guided pancreatic cyst ablation (EUS-PCA) due to the risks and costs associated with surgery. This study conducts a systematic review and meta-analysis of EUS-PCA's short-term efficacy and complications for PC management.
Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out on PubMed, Ovid, Cochrane, and TRIP electronic databases. The primary outcome was cyst resolution (partial and complete) and persistence on imaging 12 months after ablation. The secondary outcome was procedure-related adverse events.
Results
Eight studies were eligible for analysis. Complete cyst resolution on imaging 12 months after EUS ablation was 50% [95% CI 36, 63, I2 = 85.31%]. Partial cyst resolution was 27% [95% CI 15, 41, I2 = 87.07%], and cyst persistence was 17% [95% CI 11, 24, I2 = 62.11%]. The rate of complete resolution varied depending on the treatment agent (for ethanol 29% [95% CI 10, 53], lauromacrogol 51% [95% Cl 36, 67], ethanol and paclitaxel 63% [95% CI 48, 76], paclitaxel and gemcitabine 67% [95% CI 45, 83], ethanol, paclitaxel and gemcitabine 61% [95% CI 39, 80]). Post-procedure adverse events included abdominal pain in 4% [95% CI 0, 11], pancreatitis in 3% [95% CI 1, 5], and fever in 1% [95% CI 0, 3] of all patients.
Conclusion
The treatment of pancreatic cysts with EUS ablation results in acceptable levels of complete resolution, and low incidence of severe adverse events. The effectiveness of this treatment is further enhanced when chemoablative agents are employed.
Does having shorter tibias increase the likelihood of developing knee osteoarthritis? An observational cross-sectional radiographic analysis
Authors: Shi Xiaofeng , Lu Yibin , Chen Hongyu , Jia Xinlin , Mao Yuanqing , Zhang Jingwei
Published: April 2024

Background
The crural index, a fundamental property of the human skeletal system, is the ratio of the total length of the tibia to that of the femur. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the crural index and knee osteoarthritis (OA).
Methods
This observational cross-sectional study included patients with preoperative weight-bearing full-length radiographs who were divided into two groups according to the Kellgren–Lawrence grading system. After rigorous screening based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 92 and 125 patients were included in the control and knee OA groups, respectively. The crural index, hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA), the deviation of the HKA from 180° (|HKA-180|), mechanical axis deflection (MAD), mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), arithmetic HKA (aHKA), and |aHKA| were compared between the two groups. In addition, linear regressions of the crural index were performed to assess their correlations.
Results
The crural index was significantly smaller in the knee OA group than in the control group (crural index: 79.49 ± 2.39 versus 82.14 ± 2.22, respectively; p < 0.001). The crural index correlated well with both |HKA-180| (R² = 0.54, p < 0.05) and MAD (R² = 0.57, p < 0.05).
Conclusions
Patients with OA of the knee have a much smaller crural index, which was closely related to the knee alignment.
Impact of a Social Media-Delivered Distance Learning Program on mhGAP Training Among Primary Care Providers in Jalisco, Mexico
Authors: López Jesús Alejandro Aldana , Sánchez María del Rocío Serrano , Venegas Nicolás Páez , Sánchez Ana Victoria Chávez , Bizarro Alicia Denisse Flores , Sierra Jorge Antonio Blanco , González Carlos Alejandro Jarero , Huerta Jaime Carmona
Published: April 2024

Background
The World Health Organization's (WHO) Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP) aims to provide evidence-based guidelines for the management of mental, neurological, and substance use disorders in non-specialized healthcare settings. However, implementing these guidelines remains a challenge due to various factors, including limited training opportunities for primary care providers. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a social media-delivered distance education intervention on the mhGAP guide, to overcome barriers of technology access and digital literacy, providing a familiar and accessible platform for primary care providers in Jalisco
Methods
A quasi-experimental study with a pre-test/post-test design was conducted. Primary care providers from Jalisco were invited to participate in a distance education program on the mhGAP intervention guide. The program consisted of online modules, webinars, and discussion forums facilitated by mental health experts. Knowledge assessments were conducted before and after the intervention using a validated questionnaire. Participant satisfaction and perceived utility were also evaluated through surveys and focus group discussions.
Results
A total of 1,096 primary care providers completed the program. The mean knowledge score significantly improved from 58.2% (SD = 12.8%) in the pre-test to 81.4% (SD = 9.6%) in the post-test (p < 0.001), with a large effect size (Cohen's d = 2.04). Subgroup analyses revealed consistent knowledge gains across different demographic and professional characteristics. Participant satisfaction was high, with 92% rating the program's overall quality as "good" or "excellent." Qualitative findings highlighted the benefits of accessibility, flexibility, interactivity, and practical applicability of the distance education approach.
Conclusions
The social media-delivered distance education intervention on the mhGAP-IG effectively improved the knowledge of primary care providers in Jalisco, Mexico. Participants reported high levels of satisfaction and perceived utility. This study demonstrates the potential of distance education strategies to disseminate evidence-based guidelines and enhance mental health service delivery in primary care settings, particularly in resource-limited areas.
Genomic diversity in Paenibacillus polymyxa: Unveiling distinct species groups and functional variability
Authors: Wallner Adrian , Antonielli Livio , Mesguida Ouiza , Rey Patrice , Compant Stéphane
Published: April 2024

Background
Paenibacillus polymyxa is a bacterial species of high interest, as suggested by the increased number of publications on its functions in the past years. Accordingly, the number of described strains and sequenced genomes is also on the rise. While functional diversity was repeatedly suggested for this species, the available genomic data is now sufficient for robust comparative genomics analyses.
Results
Using 157 genomes, we found significant disparities among strains currently affiliated to P. polymyxa. Multiple taxonomic groups were identified with conserved predicted functions putatively impacting their respective ecology. As strains of this species have been reported to exhibit considerable potential in agriculture, medicine, and bioremediation, it is preferable to clarify their taxonomic affiliation to facilitate reliable and durable approval as active ingredients.
Conclusions
Strains currently affiliated to P. polymyxa can be separated into two major species groups with differential potential in nitrogen fixation, plant interaction, secondary metabolism, and antimicrobial resistance, as inferred from genomic data.
Prevalence of Congenital Anomalies and Prenatal Diagnosis by Socioeconomic Level: Indicators of Inequality in Access to Elective Termination of Pregnancy for Fetal Anomalies
Authors: Brun Paloma , Groisman Boris , Bidondo María Paz , Barbero Pablo , Trotta Marianela , Liascovich Rosa
Published: April 2024

Congenital anomalies (CA) encompass all morphological or functional alterations originating prenatally and present at birth. The prenatal diagnosis of these anomalies can significantly impact the overall health of the pregnant individual and may influence her decision regarding the continuation of the pregnancy. In contexts where safe pregnancy termination is not guaranteed by the state, it can lead to unsafe procedures with severe consequences. In our research, we analyzed epidemiological information on CA to develop potential indicators of inequity in access to safe abortion prior to the legalization of legal termination of pregnancy in Argentina. We included cases from 13 public hospitals and 9 non-public subsector hospitals, from the period 2013–2020. Two groups of specific CA were selected: 1) CA capable of being prenatally diagnosed, and 2) CA related to vascular disruptive events. 10/18 of the selected CA capable of being prenatally diagnosed had a significantly higher prevalence in public hospitals (anencephaly, encephalocele, spina bifida, microcephaly, hydrocephalus, holoprosencephaly, hydranencephaly, diaphragmatic hernia, gastroschisis, bilateral renal agenesis). Non public hospitals had higher prenatal detection. Birth prevalence of CA related with vascular disruptive events (limb reduction, Moebius syndrome, amniotic band sequence) were significantly higher in public hospitals. These results suggest disparities in access to prenatal diagnosis and safe abortion based on socioeconomic status. There was a significant gap in access to prenatal diagnosis for CA and possibly to safe elective abortion across different socioeconomic strata.
Experimental Assessment of RC Frame Seismic Performance with Different Slab Types
Authors: Eissa Mahmoud , Celikag Murude
Published: April 2024

This research aims to investigate the effect of different slab types on RC frame behavior under lateral loads and compare their performance to the innovative composite slab with galvanized steel deck and a concrete plate supported by an RC frame. Unlike previous work concentrating on joint specimens, this study intends to explore the frame's global behavior in depth, aiming to contribute essential insights for improved seismic analysis and design practices in structural engineering. Cyclic loading and unloading have been used followed by a full load scenario to ensure the full failure of the specimens. The result of this study showed that the choice of slab significantly impacts the overall lateral behavior of RC frames, demonstrating a confined failure mode, predominantly joint shear failure rather than beam-column separation observed in bare frame specimens. The introduction of a composite slab with galvanized steel deck and a concrete plate resulted in reduced base shear and roof displacement compared to other slab types, showcasing enhanced ductility during cyclic loading. Despite its lower initial stiffness, the composite slab substantially sustains the RC frame's stiffness by directly constraining its deformation. Furthermore, the composite slab and joist floor specimens, exhibit superior capabilities in energy dissipation compared to solid slab. This heightened energy dissipation is attributed to the joist floor's internal ribs, facilitating enhanced global energy dissipation, complemented by the robust strength and elastic properties of the steel sheet within the composite slab.
Create Your Own Cabin - Connecting Multidisciplinary User Perspectives and a Future Rescue Helicopter Concept Within the Applied Xr Co-design Process
Authors: Reimer F. , Herzig J. , Lindlar M. , Weiand P. , Cornelje S. , Winkler L. , Biedermann J. , Nagel B.
Published: April 2024

The German air rescue and healthcare system is facing a number of changes and challenges, that require a rethink in the development of new rescue helicopter concepts. As part of its research activities, the German Aerospace Centre is, therefore, developing the concept of a medical deployment vehicle as part of a future and alternative rescue helicopter fleet. New economic, technical or performance-related framework conditions go hand in hand with necessary changes for the cabin interior and a large number of different user groups. In order to capture the large and diverse requirements spectrum and to translate them into future cabin interior concepts, a deep understanding and involvement of key user groups in the early design process is necessary. Human-centered design methods such as Co-Design offer a wide range of possibilities here. As part of Human-centered Design, the Co-Design approach is an important method, enabling the collaborative development of complex concept ideas among designers, end-users and various stakeholders. Through early and active involvement, Co-Design facilitates the incorporation of users' emotional factors and experiences with a product, enabling an iterative feedback and optimization process. This allows designers to gain an enhanced and quantifiable understanding of different user experiences and to create concepts from the perspective of the user and their context. Additionally, and merged with Co-Design, immersive technologies such as Extended Reality (XR) offer high potential to make future concepts feasible and to implement requirements and optimizations in real-time. In light of the diverse possibilities offered by combining the Co-Design approach and Extended Reality, this paper presents the applied XR Co-Design approach for the design of a future medical deployment vehicle cabin design concept. The methodological approach therefore follows two steps. First, to gain deeper insight into the experiences and requirements of different user groups in their professional context, an online survey was conducted. Using an informative online booklet, user groups were provided with an initial glimpse of the new concept and enabled to establish a connection between the novel concept and their own requirements. In the second part, an immersive Co-Design workshop allowed user groups to develop their own creative ideas and translate them using virtual reality and a digital prototype. The presented XR Co-Design approach demonstrates an effective method for developing complex cabin interior concepts and offers versatile application points for transferring the method to other transportation concepts of the future. At the same time, the workshop results provide a precise and human-centered basis for the detailed design of a digital medical deployment vehicle concept for the future.
Characteristics and Management Effectiveness of Prediabetic Patients in Vinmec Times City International Hospital, Vietnam: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Trinh Duong , Trinh Anh , Nguyen Dinh
Published: April 2024

Background
Prediabetes is a global health concern, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines for prediabetes was adopted worldwide, however, implementing these guidelines and their outcomes vary based on regions and ethnic backgrounds. This study aims to address the gap in research regarding the management efficiency of prediabetic patients in a hospital in Vietnam.
Method
The study included 418 prediabetic patients who visited Vinmec Times City Hospital in Vietnam from June 2020 to June 2022. The data was collected from detailed medical records to describe the characteristics of prediabetic patients and evaluate the management effectiveness of these patients.
Results
The average age of the participants was 53 years, with a balanced sex distribution. The mean BMI of our population was 24.4 kg/m². Dyslipidemia was significantly common (92.7%), other comorbidities and complications had lower rates. Weight loss was challenging with 10.5% achieved 5% weight loss. 7.6% developed diabetes in one year and the same number achieved remission. Lipid panel improved significantly, still, only 18.5% achieved Low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) goal. Baseline high fasting blood glucose (FBG) and HbA1C were associated with a higher risk of developing diabetes.
Conclusion
This study provides insights into the characteristics of prediabetic patients and the effectiveness of their management at Vinmec Times City Hospital in Vietnam. It highlights the need for a well-designed lifestyle change program and enhanced dyslipidemia management.
Changes of Physical and Mechanical Parameters of Grounds by Adding of Colemanite and Recycled Ceramics in Poorly Graded Sands
Authors: Dinc Beste Kocak , Dehghanian Kaveh , Etminan Ehsan
Published: April 2024

The aim of this study is to provide an alternative solution to ground improvement methods by using natural additive Boron, and recycled Ceramics in order to increase the strength of fine-grained sands and determine their physical and mechanical behaviors and implement sustainable and naturebased rehabilitation methods. In the study, clean angular sand samples were used as a base material. As an additive, boron derivative Colemanite and shells of recycled Ceramics were used. Those additive materials were added to the base material at rates of 5%, 10% and 15% based on the dry weights. Afterwards, 6 new mixed soil types were produced for the examinations. Atterberg limits, void ratio, specific gravity, unit volume weight, compaction and permeability tests were carried out on these samples. Regarding the comparison of the test results, Colemanite and sand mixtures reduce the permeability and void ratio significantly compared to Ceramic and Sand mixtures while increasing the compactness. It has been determined that the mechanical performance of Ceramic mixture sands has positive trend compared to the reference sand which has no additive. It is recommended to use both additives in 15% combination with sandy soil to set optimum results. This paper represents the findings from the laboratory research with particular emphasis on the use of mentioned alternative materials that provide more strengthened soils which result in economic benefits as well as reduced environmental impacts.
Clinical Safety and Feasibility of Minimally Invasive Colectomy Under Neuraxial Anesthesia in Frail Patients. An Initial Single Institution Experience.
Authors: Carannante Filippo , Miacci Valentina , Melone Gennaro , Ricciardi Renato , Citriniti Vincenzo , D'Agostino Fausto , Carassiti Massimiliano , Pascarella Giuseppe , Costa Gianluca , Caricato Marco , Capolupo Gabriella Teresa
Published: April 2024

Introduction.
General anesthesia is the most widely used anesthesia technique for major abdominal surgery, but it may have longer recovery time, high cost and environmental impact. In addition, general anesthesia may be contraindicated in some frail patients. Our study aims to evaluate the feasibility and safety of performing colorectal surgery with minimally invasive technique, in frail patients, under spinal anesthesia. Then we compared this group of patients with a retrospective one, performing a propensity score match analysis.
Materials and methods.
From June 2021, 19 consecutive frail patients, undergoing elective laparoscopic colorectal oncological resection surgery under neuraxial anesthesia at Colorectal Surgery Unit of the Fondazione Policlinico Campus Bio-Medico in Rome were selected. A retrospective database prospectively maintained of these patients was performed.
Results.
We enrolled 17 patients. In all patients, the surgery was successfully completed under spinal anesthesia and laparoscopic technique. Some the patients experienced mild abdominal pain between I and II GPO (VAS between 3 and 5) treated with oral analgesics as needed. No patients experienced episodes of vomiting or nausea after surgery with gas channeling in I GPO. The average hospital stay was about 4 days (range 3–7). No patient required ICU admission, and 30 mortality was 0.
Conclusions.
Our preliminary data show that performing major surgery with minimally invasive technique under spinal anesthesia can be feasible and safe, if performed by experienced operators, and can be a viable alternative for the treatment of frail and/or high-risk patients.
Accreditation of medical education in Brazil: An evaluation of seventy-six medical schools
Authors: Tempski Patricia , Girotto Leticia C. , Brenelli Sigisfredo , Giamberardino Donizeti D. , Martins Milton A.
Published: April 2024

Background
We present the first results of the Accreditation System of Medical Schools (Sistema de Acreditação de Escolas Médicas – SAEME) in Brazil.
Methods
We evaluated the results of the accreditation of medical schools from 2015 to 2023. The self-evaluation form of the SAEME is specific for medical education programs and has eighty domains, which results in final decisions that are sufficient or insufficient for each domain. We evaluated the results of the first seventy-six medical schools evaluated by the SAEME.
Results
Fifty-five medical schools (72.4%) were accredited, and 21 (27.6%) were not. Seventy-two (94.7%) medical schools were considered sufficient in social accountability, 93.4% in integration with the family health program, 75.0% in faculty development programs and 78.9% in environmental sustainability. There was an emphasis on SAEME in student well-being, with seventeen domains in this area, and 71.7% of these domains were sufficient. The areas with the lowest levels of sufficiency were interprofessional education, mentoring programs, student assessment and weekly distribution of educational activities.
Conclusion
Medical schools in Brazil are strongly committed to social accountability, integration with the national health system, environmental sustainability and student well-being programs. SAEMEs are moving from episodic evaluations of medical schools to continuous quality improvement policies.
A sustainable production inventory model for two deteriorating complementary products under preservation technology and carbon cap regulation
Authors: Haque Rakibul , Pervin Magfura , Mondal Sankar Prasad
Published: April 2024

Complementary items are very important for any business organization because it can increase the sells as well as profit of the company. Bundle item together can attract the customers. So, a sustainable production inventory system for two deteriorating complementary items is designed for optimal lot sizing and optimal number of deliveries for both decentralised and centralised supply chain coordination. To protect items from deterioration, both the supply chain members applied the technology for preservation. Carbon (mainly carbon dioxide) emits from various inventory operations such as production, setting up, holding. In this production supply chain, carbon cap-and-trade policy is used to lessen that emission. Due to market demand fluctuation, retailer may face shortages and based on these, two models for the retailer are designed for zero ending case and shortage case. Consumer waiting time dependent partially backlogging shortage are applied to the cover the shortage for the case of the retailer. Here, the manufacturer generates the entire production batch in a single operation but distributes it to the retailer in multiple shipments of fixed quantities at constant time intervals. The effect of decision variables on profit function for both centralized and decentralized system are derived. Finally, numerical explanations are illustrated to find the impact of carbon emission in different pricing systems. It is concluded from the numerical results that the profit function is totally dependent on degree of complementarity of the product. Sensitivity analysis is performed to find the stability of the proposed model.
A homochiral hexagadolinium phosphonate cluster with a large magnetocaloric effect
Authors: Qian Qing-Qing , Huang Jian , Jia Jia-Ge , Wu Qiong , Ren Min , Zheng Li-Min
Published: April 2024

A homochiral hexagadolinium phosphonate cluster designated as R/S-[Gd6(pmhpH)8(NO3)2(H2O)8]·19H2O (R/S-1) was successfully obtained and analyzed using single crystal X-ray diffraction crystallography, IR spectrum, TG analysis and magnetic testing. The cluster, shaped like a lantern, is constructed from {GdO8} polyhedra and {PO3C} tetrahedra surrounded by eight pmhpH2- ligands. Within the structure, two types of gadolinium ions with different coordination modes are observed. Each Gd(III) ion is bound to two carboxylate oxygens and six phosphonate oxygens from the coordinated pmhpH2- ligands. Circular dichroism spectra comfirmed that R/S-1 exists as a pair of enantiomers. Moreover, the cluster exhibits high thermal stability, decomposing at temperatures exceeding 335°C. Notably, the magnetic measurements revealed that compound R-1 exhibits a good magnetocaloric effect (MCE) with a maximum entropy change of − ΔSmmax =36.84 Jkg− 1 K− 1 at T = 2K and ΔH = 7 T.
Covariate Shocks, Women’s Bargaining Power, and Household Vulnerability
Authors: Pandey Vivek , Nagarajan Hari , Singh Harpreet , Kumar Deepak
Published: April 2024

Can increased women’s relative bargaining power within households improve household-level resilience to large scale covariate shocks? Evidence from a recent pandemic suggests that enabling women to access market-linked-value-chains significantly increases their relative bargaining power within households. In this paper we estimate the extent to which a given stock of market-enabled-relative bargaining power of women influenced the resilience of rural households to the covariate shock. We utilize a unique data-generating process that combines data from two rounds of household surveys with the data from a laboratory experiment that was conducted with both the spouses in rural dairy households. Evidence from the shift-share instrumental variable approach shows that a unit improvement in women’s bargaining power led to a 3.82 per cent reduction in the vulnerability of households to food poverty during the pandemic. The paper also models the role of food and nutrition decisions as pathways to reducing household vulnerability to food poverty during the shock.
JEL Codes: C36; I38
Inhibition of cyclin D1 by new biguanide 4C increases the sensitivity of proficient homologous recombination repair bladder cancer cells to Olaparib via causing G0 / G1 arrest
Authors: Chu Xuetong , Xiao Di , Peng Mei , Duan Huaxin , Xu Cangcang , Yang Xiaoping
Published: April 2024

Background
Results from recent clinical trials do not support PARP inhibitors as monotherapy in urological tumor. Interestingly, biguanides inhibiting homologous recombination repair (HRR) are thought to increase the sensitivity of proficient HRR (HRR-proficient) cancers to Olaparib, but the mechanism of which is not yet clear. New biguanide derivative 4C in our laboratory inhibited significantly proliferation of BC, given that the effects of biguanides and PARP inhibitors on cell cycle are generally opposite, we explored the anti-BC mechanism of 4C and the efficacy and cause of the combination of 4C and Olaparib in HRR-proficient BC from the cell cycle perspective.
Materials and methods
In vitro, RT4 and T24 were treated with 4C, Olaparib and combination of the two, MTT for cell viability, RT-PCR for Cyclin mRNA levels , flow cytometry for cell cycle and HRR efficiency, Western Blot (WB) for cyclin and HRR protein expression, immunofluorescence for HRR protein localization and expression, and Comet assay for DNA damage degree. In vivo, we explored the effects of 4C, Olaparib and the combination on tumor growth using the T24 xenograft nude mice model, H&E for the hepatorenal toxicity, and WB and immunohistochemistry for the effects of different treatments on HRR proteins .
Results
In vitro, 4C induced G0/G1 phase arrest suppressed HRR protein, causing sustained DNA damage, while Olaparib induced S and G2/M phase arrest of HRR-proficient BC and increased HRR protein, causing reversible DNA damage. The two had good combined effects, and the effects on cell cycle and HRR of Olaparib were reversed by 4C when combining the two. Mechanistically, the trend of CCND1 (Cyclin D1) mRNA was consistent with HRR efficiency after different treatments, which is high expression in the two BC cells. silencing CCND1 decreased HRR, and increaed the sensitivity of the two cells to Olaparib, exacerbating DNA damage. The effects of different drugs in vivo were consistent with that in vitro.
Conclusions
Inhibition of cyclin D1 by new biguanide 4C increases the sensitivity of HRR-proficient BC cells to Olaparib via causing G0 / G1 arrest
Latent tuberculosis infection is associated with an enrichment of short chain fatty acid producing bacteria in the stool of women living with HIV
Authors: Moodley Suventha , Kroon Elouise , Naidoo Charissa C. , Nyawo Georgina R. , Wu Benjamin G. , Naidoo Selisha , Chiyaka Tinaye L. , Tshivhula Happy , Singh Shivani , Li Yonghua , Warren Robin M. , Hoal Eileen G. , Schurr Erwin , Clemente Jose , Segal Leopoldo N. , Möller Marlo , Theron Grant
Published: April 2024

Background: Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is common in people living with HIV (PLHIV) in high TB burden settings. Active TB is associated with specific stool taxa; however, little is known about the stool microbiota and LTBI, including in PLHIV.
Method: Within a parent study that recruited adult females with HIV from Cape Town, South Africa into predefined age categories (18-25, 35-60 years), we characterised the stool microbiota of those with [interferon-γ release assay (IGRA)- and tuberculin skin test (TST)-positive] or without (IGRA- and TST-negative) LTBI (n=25 per group). 16S rRNA DNA sequences were analysed using QIIME2, Dirichlet Multinomial Mixtures, DESeq2 and PICRUSt2.
Results: No α- or β-diversity differences occurred by LTBI status; however, LTBI-positives were Faecalibacterium-, Blautia-, Gemmiger-, Bacteroides-enriched and Moryella-, Atopobium-, Corynebacterium-, Streptococcus-depleted. Inferred metagenome data showed LTBI-negative-enriched pathways included several involved in methylglyoxal degradation, L-arginine, putrescine, 4-aminobutanoate degradation and L-arginine and ornithine degradation. Stool from LTBI-positives demonstrated differential taxa abundance based on a quantitative response to antigen stimulation (Acidaminococcus-enrichment and Megamonas-, Alistipes-, and Paraprevotella-depletion associated with higher IGRA or TST responses, respectively). In LTBI-positives, older people had different β-diversities than younger people whereas, in LTBI-negatives, no differences occurred across age groups.
Conclusion: Amongst female PLHIV, those with LTBI had, vs. those without LTBI, Faecalibacterium, Blautia, Gemmiger, Bacteriodes-enriched, which are producers of short chain fatty acids. Taxonomic differences amongst people with LTBI occurred according to quantitative response to antigen stimulation and age. These data enhance our understanding of the microbiome’s potential role in LTBI.