bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El proceso de creación del Arte digital = The Creation Process in Digital Art
Authors: Villagomez-Oviedo Cynthia Patricia
Published: January 2020

ResumenEste artículo presenta un análisis de los procesos de creación de una selección de artistas digitales —o artistas que hacen uso de la tecnología con obras digitales- mexicanos, desde la óptica de las fases del proceso de creación, a saber, preparación, incubación/intuición, evaluación, elaboración y comunicación. Para tal fin, se realizaron una serie de entrevistas a los artistas de la muestra, donde se indagó sobre sus procesos de producción, dando como resultado una visión comparativa de dichos procesos, así como el análisis derivado de los mismos. Lo anterior con el propósito de, por una parte, comprender los procesos, así comoel Arte digital, que, si bien no es un ámbito nuevo, comúnmente se tiene poca familiaridad con el mismo. El estudio de los procesos de producción a través de las fases del proceso de creación aquí presentadas, ofrecen una aproximación distinta al Arte digital, de tal manera que, a través del mismo se busca contribuir a ampliar los límites del conocimiento en tornoal Arte digital y sus artistas, así como arrojar luz a los procesos de creación artística que usualmente se llevan a cabo en el ámbito de lo privado.AbstractThis article shows an analysis of processes of creation of several digital artists and artists who use various forms of art and technology in Mexico. There are different points of view that we can adopt to do this, but we are going to use the five stages of creation processes (preparation, incubation-intuition, evaluation, elaboration and communication),because brought a new approach to this research. For that purpose, special interviews have been made focus on the processes of production of some of the artistic processes, as a consequence, it was possible to compare the results to categorize and perform the analysis of them, aiming the comprehension of the processes and the artistic works of the DigitalArt realm. We know the Digital Art begin around the sixties, because of that it is not a new form of art, but still is an original form of art. That is why this research explores Digital Art through the processes of creation and production as a way to contribute to the knowledge of Digital Art, their artists and the processes that commonly take place privately.
Studi perbedaan antara model pembelajaran think talk write dan example non example terhadap keterampilan menulis narasi ditinjau dari motivasi belajar pada peserta didik kelas iv sekolah dasar
Authors: Latifah Annisa' Nur
Published: January 2020

The goals of this research to find out: (1) the different of narrative writing skills between students that teached using Think Talk Write learning model with Example Non Example learning model; (2) differences in narrative writing skills between students who hashigh learning motivation and low learning motivation; (3) the interaction between learning models and learning motivation trough narrative writing skills. This research is quantitative experimental with 2x2 factorial design. The technique to got sample using cluster random sampling. Two WaysAnava was used to analys the data with a significance level of 0.05.The results of thisresearch were (1) there was a different in narrative writing skills between students who teached by Think Talk Write learning model with Example Non Example learning model with FA = 6.259; (2) there was a different in narrative writing skills between the high learning motivation and low learning motivation with FB = 35,688; (3) there is no interaction between the learning model and learning motivation towards narrative writing skills as indicated by FAB = 0.628.

 
            Keyword: think talk write, example non example, narrative writing skills, elementary school
CHILDREN’S SCHOOL READINESS ENTERING ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Authors: Rahmawati Anayanti
Published: January 2020

School readiness is the readiness that children must have to enter elementary school. School readiness includes the abilities that children need to learn well in school so that school success can be achieved. This research is a phenomenological qualitative research which aims to obtain an overview of school readiness that children have when entering the first grade of elementary school. The informants of this study were the first grade elementary school teachers totaling five people. The results of the study show that school readiness must have to be prepared early is the child's internal readiness, family readiness and school institution readiness. The child's internal readiness consists of cognitive readiness and social emotional readiness. Although cognitive readiness has been possessed by majority children, but social emotional readiness has not been fully achieved, even though it seems less attention to its achievements. This condition should not be ignored, because the realization of optimal children's internal school readiness is a combination of cognitive readiness and emotional social readiness. In addition, family preparedness and readiness of school institutions must also be sought as a form of support for children, so that children's school readiness is expected to be fully achieved optimally.
Peningkatan Perhatian dan Hasil Belajar PKn Materi Budi Pekerti melalui Metode Pembelajaran Talking Stick (Penelitian Tindakan Kelas Pada Peserta Didik Kelas I Semester 2 SDN Ngiyono Tahun Pelajaran 2015/2016)
Authors: Mashadi Mashadi
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to increase the attention and
learning outcomes of PKN in the second semester students of class I on
Budi Pekerti material at SD Negeri Ngiyono through the Talking Stick
learning method for the 2015/2016 school year. This type of research is
Class Action Research conducted in 2 cycles. Subjects of the study were
class I students, amounting to 18 students consisting of 9 male students and
9 female students. Data collection methods used are observation, tests, and
documentation. The results of the study showed an increase in the attention
and learning outcomes of PKN students. This is shown from the pre cycle
average value of attention and learning outcomes of students is 71.11 with a
percentage of completeness of 35.00% which reaches the value of
completeness. In the first cycle the average value of attention and learning
outcomes of students is 79.44 with the percentage of completeness 68.00%
while in the second cycle the average value of attention and learning
outcomes of students is 88.33 with a percentage of 96.00% completeness.
Attention and learning outcomes of students on PKN subjects Budi Pekerti
material in class I semester 2 increased with the application of Talking Stick
learning methods and has met the indicator of success that is equal to 75%.
Upaya Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Matematika Tentang Pengurangan dengan Model Pembelajaran Kontekstual Siswa Kelas 1 Semester II Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Sunarsih Sunarsih
Published: January 2020

Abstract. This classroom action research is motivated by the low mathematics learning outcomes, especially in the reduction material. This study aims to improve student learning outcomes on Mathematics about the reduction by using contextual learning models are expected to improve student learning outcomes. The contextual learning method is a learning concept that helps teachers associate the material they teach with real-world student situations and encourage students to make connections between the knowledge he has and its application
in their daily lives. The method used in this study is Classroom Action Research (PTK) with the object of research in class I SD Negeri 2 Gatak. The focus of the research on the reduction of contextual learning is an effort to improve the learning outcomes of Mathematics. Data collection is done by direct observation of the learning process. The results showed that there was a significant increase of student learning outcomes in pre-cycle learning activities, cycle I and cycle II. The increase can be seen from the average value of students and the percentage of completeness of learning outcomes from KKM which is determined at 65. Based on the results of these observations it can be concluded that the application of Mathematics subject matter reduction learning contextual learning models can improve student learning outcomes in class I
SD Negeri 2 Gatak. Furthermore, the results of this study can be used to improve learning with similar cases.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA MELALUI ROLE PLAY PADA ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN
Authors: Fitriyani Citra , Kamsiyati Siti , Pudyaningtyas Adriani Rahma
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara melalui metode role play.  Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) dilaksanakan selama tiga siklus. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah anak usia 5-6 tahun dengan jumlah 32 anak yang terdiri dari 16 anak perempuan dan 16 anak laki-laki. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan unjuk kerja, observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik uji validitas data yang digunakan adalah triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi teknik. Hasil penelitian tindakan kelas ini menunjukkan bahwa melalui metode role play, anak dapat menyusun kalimat sederhana dalam struktur lengkap, mampu berkomunikasi secara lisan, dan menjawab pertanyaan yang lebih kompleks. Hasil keseluruhan peningkatan persentase setelah diterapkan metode role play, pada siklus I diperoleh ketuntantasan sebesar 40,62%. Peningkatan persentase pada siklus II sebesar 56,62%, dan pada siklus III sebesar 78,12%. Berdasarkan uraian tersebut maka dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa melalui metode role play dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara pada anak usia 5-6 tahun.

Kata kunci: Kemampuan berbicara, metode role play, anak usia dini

 

ABSTRACT
 This research aimed to improve speaking ability through role play methods. This type research is Classroom Action Research (CAR), were conducted in three cycles. The subject in this research were 32 children consisted of 16 girls and 16 boys. The technique of data collection in this research used by work performance, observation, interviews, and documentation. Analyzed test the validity of the data used is a triangulation of sources and triangulation techniques. Research result show that class actions through role play methods, children can compose simple sentences in a complete structure, be able to verbal communicate, and answer more questions complex. The overall result show increase in the percentage after applied role play methods, in the first cycle acquired 40.62%. The percentage increase in the second cycle was 56.62%, and the third cycle by 78.12%. Based on the descriptions can be drawn the conclusion that through role play methods could increase the speaking ability children aged 5-6 year.

Keywords: Speaking ability, role play methods, early childhood
Incarceration Rates and Incidence of Sexually Transmitted Infections in US Counties, 2011–2016
Authors: Nowotny Kathryn M. , Omori Marisa , McKenna Melanie , Kleinman Joshua
Published: January 2020

Objectives. To examine rates of sexually transmitted infections as a function of jail and prison incarceration rates across US counties for the years 2011 to 2016.

Methods. We used data from several national databases. The outcomes were county-level chlamydia and gonorrhea incidence as reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012–2016). The exposures were lagged specifications of county-level jail and prison incarceration rates as reported by the Vera Institute of Justice (2011–2015). We estimated mixed models to account for the 3 sources of response variable variation occurring across repeated measures collected from counties nested within states.

Results. In the final model, jail and prison incarceration rates were associated with a rate increase of 10.13 per 100 000 and 8.22 per 100 000, respectively, of chlamydia incidence. The corresponding rate increases for gonorrhea incidence were 2.47 per 100 000 and 4.40 per 100 000.

Conclusions. These findings provide some evidence that the documented differences in chlamydia and gonorrhea incidence between counties may be partially attributable to differences in jail and prison incarceration rates.
Mass Incarceration and Subsequent Preventive Health Care: Mechanisms and Racial/Ethnic Disparities
Authors: Widdowson Alex O. , Fisher Benjamin W.
Published: January 2020

Objectives. To examine the associations and mechanisms between 2 indicators of mass incarceration and preventive health care use and whether these associations are moderated by race/ethnicity.

Methods. We used 1997 to 2015–2016 data from the US National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (n = 7740) to examine the associations between arrest and incarceration at ages 18 to 27 years and cholesterol, blood sugar, and blood pressure screenings at age 29 years. Explanatory mechanisms included blocked access (health care coverage and medical checkup) and economic (education, employment, and income) factors. We used logistic regression to model main effects.

Results. Arrest was associated with lower odds of getting blood cholesterol, blood sugar, and blood pressure tests; incarceration was associated with lower odds of getting cholesterol and blood sugar tests; blocked access and economic factors mediated 42% to 125% of these associations. These associations were mostly consistent across race/ethnicity.

Conclusions. Mass incarceration contributes to decreases in preventive health care use, which are explained in part by blocked access and economic factors.

Public Health Implications. The decreased use of preventive health care following mass incarceration may increase the prevalence of disease and the associated costs of treatment.
Low district economic performance presents strong oral health determinant in preschool children: country level analysis
Authors: Vukovic Ana , Soldatovic Ivan , Vukovic Rade , Peric Tamara , Campus Guglielmo , Markovic Dejan
Published: January 2020

The authors have withdrawn this preprint from Research Square
A meta-analysis of tunica vaginalis fascia versus dartos fascia to prevent postoperative urethrocutaneous fistula in hypospadias and fistula repair
Authors: Yang Hao , Hu Dong-lai , Xuan Xiao-xiao , Zhang Hang , Shu Qiang , Guo Xiaodong
Published: January 2020

Background: Urethrocutaneous fistula (UCF) is the commonest postoperative complication in hypospadias and fistula repair. Several flap procedures have been recommended to decrease this complication rate, but no single flap procedure is ideal. The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of tunica vaginalis fascia (TVF) and dartos fascia (DF) as intermediate layers in prevention of the formation of UCF. Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science for comparative studies up to July 1st, 2019. Studies were selected by the predesigned inclusion criterias. The primary outcomes was UCF incidence. Results: The pooled RR with 95% CI were calculated. We extracted the relevant informations from the included studie. 9 comparative studies were included The RR of UCF rate for TVF was 0.21 (95% CI: 0.09-0.51, P=0.0005) compared with DF in hypospadias and fistula repair. For other postoperative complications, the RR was 0.87 (0.28-2.70, P=0.80), 1.33 (0.41-4.35, P=0.64) and 0.17 (0.03-0.88, P=0.04) for meatal stenosis/ urethral stricture, glans dehiscence/ wound dehiscence and skin necrosis, respectively. Conclusions: This meta-analysis reveals that TVF is a better option in hypospadias and fistula repair as compared to DF in terms of decreasing the incidence of the UCF and skin necrosis.
The effectiveness and safety of D2 plus para-aortic lymphadenectomy for resectable gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zou Shi-Hui , Zhong Xi , Zhang Jia-Le , Huang Bao-Jun , Xu Hui-Mian , Liu Jin-Xin
Published: January 2020

Background Gastric cancer (GC) is among the malignant tumors of highest morbidity and mortality in the world, and has a profile of high lymph node metastasis rate. Lymph node clearance is a critical part of gastric cancer surgery, however, the extent of lymph node clearance, for example, whether to perform abdominal aortic lymph node dissection, remains considerably controversial. In this study, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of D2 plus para-aortic lymphadenectomy (PALD) on survival and postoperative complications in patients with GC. Methods An electronic search was conducted through PubMed, Embase and cochrane library. The Q test and I 2 were used to assess heterogeneity. The publication bias was evaluated via funnel plots. All statistical analyses were performed using STATA 14.0 (STATA, College Station, TX). Results 908 studies were retrieved via literature search and eight studies were finally included. There was no significant difference between D2 and D2+PALD in the 5-year survival rate after surgery (HR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.97-1.03, P = 0.897; I 2 = 64.9%). Besides, the 30-day mortality (RR: 1.17, 95% CI: 0.66-2.10, P = 0.590; I 2 = 0.0%) and the overall risk of postoerative complications (RR: 1.15, 95% CI: 0.83-1.59, P = 0.411; I 2 = 35.5%) were comparable between D2 and D2+PALD. Conclusion Based on current literature body, compared with D2, D2+PALD does not prevail in terms of long-term survival or perioperative outcomes.
Developing an intervention to promote person-centred care to improve management of behaviours that challenge among people living with dementia
Authors: Shaw Rachel , Campbell Niyah , Killick Kirsty , Seare Nichola , Maidment Ian
Published: January 2020

Background: This paper reports the development work conducted for a feasibility study (MEDREV) conducted in the UK evaluating: (i) a medication review to reduce the prescription of psychotropic medication for managing behaviours that challenge among people living with dementia: and (ii) a training intervention for care home staff designed to improve the management of behaviours that challenge without medication using person-centred care. This paper reports the development of (ii) the training intervention for care home staff.Methods: The intervention development was informed by the MRC guidelines for complex interventions and the phases of the Behaviour Change Wheel. We used an iterative approach responding to and consultations with stakeholders throughout the process. Results: The target behaviours of the intervention were: responding to challenging behaviour as an expression of unmet need; communicating with compassion. The intervention was required to educate about psychotropics and their side-effects, to help care staff relate to people with dementia as individuals with individual needs and wants, to reflect upon how one might deliver the values of person-centred care in care scenarios, and to promote good team communication and self-care. An interactive, brief, in-house training session was developed with a number of recommendations for systemic change. Conclusions: The intervention was developed in a systematic way taking into account the particularities of the care home context and the target population. These factors prompted many challenges as did the manner in which residential care home interventions are funded in the UK. An ideal intervention package would have incorporated environmental elements, more systemic support from the care home management, and more financial investment to offer a more detailed, longer lasting training intervention.
Evaluation of three different vectors on human iLRP expression in Escherichia coli
Authors: Liu Bainan , Zhang Dong , Yan Lingli , Zhou Ming
Published: January 2020

iLRP (immature laminin receptor protein) is a tumor associated antigen over-expressed on the surface of most human cancer cells and plays an important role in the process of tumorigenesis and development. It has strong auto-immunogenicity in patients and is a good target protein for tumor immunotherapy. To find a practical and an efficient method for the production of recombinant iLRP, three expression vectors based on pET-30a(+) from pET expression systems were constructed. The first one is to add a 6xHis-Tag to the N-terminal of natural iLRP, which is called as pET-His-iLRP. The second one is to include an S-Tag between the C-terminal of 6xHis-Tag and the N-terminal of natural iLRP, which is called as pET-His-S-iLRP. The third one only contains the 6xHis-Tag in front of the N-terminal of iLRP, but the natural iLRP gene was first optimized according to the bacterial genome, and the constructed vector was named as pET-His-Opt-iLRP. Then the expression of three vectors in Escherichia coli (E. coli) BL21 (DE3) was analyzed. Results demonstrated that the iLRP expression was the highest in pET-His-Opt-iLRP, followed by pET-His-S-iLRP, and pET-His-iLRP expressed the lowest iLRP. This implied that the vector combining the codon-optimized iLRP gene with a 6xHis-Tag had the best effect on the expression of iLRP, and the expression in vectors with the natural iLRP gene depends on its leader sequences in the expression frame. It can be consequently concluded that the heterologous expression of human iLRP in a bacterial host could be greatly increased by genetically modifying gene constituents and using proper protein-tags, which laying the foundation on the future researches on its applications.
Research on the cultivation strategy of critical thinking of medical doctoral students based on constructivism learning theory
Authors: Wu Yan , Wang Ling-Ying , Huo Guan-Nan , Xu Chang , Wang Xing-Yue
Published: January 2020

Background: Critical thinking (CT) is the logical beginning of innovative thinking. Especially for medical doctoral students, critical thinking enables them to apply flexibly existing experience and knowledge to make reasonable judgments and optimal decision through analysis and reasoning on the basis of reflection in the complex clinical situations. The present study aimed to investigate the current situation of critical thinking of medical doctoral students, and was performed to attribute the factors of critical thinking and optimize the relationship between educational goals and higher-level talents, to formulate a CT training strategy for medical doctoral students based on constructivism learning theory. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of critical thinking was conducted among 343 medical doctoral students from 8 universities by using the Chinese version of the Critical Thinking Ability Scale. SPSS 22.0 statistical software was used to establish database and analyze data. Results: The average score of critical thinking ability of 343 medical doctoral students was 292.43, and the score of truth-seeking in seven traits was lower than the minimum recognition score of 40. Extroverted medical doctoral students scored higher than those introverted in the traits of critical thinking, systematicity, self-confidence and inquisitiveness (P < 0.05). Medical doctoral students with reading habits scored higher than those without reading habit in the traits of total score of critical thinking, open-thinking, analyticity, systematicity, self-confidence, inquisitiveness and maturity (P < 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the total score of critical thinking, open-thinking, analyticity, systematicity, self-confidence, inquisitiveness and maturity in medical doctoral students with different interpersonal relations (P<0.05). Linear regression analysis found that the personality, reading habits, parental education and critical thinking of medical doctoral students were significantly correlated (P<0.05).Conclusions: 343 medical doctoral students generally have positive critical thinking personality, but the honesty and objectivity of seeking truth are not enough. It is necessary to actively guide students to participate in extracurricular practice and improve their ability of maintaining interpersonal relationships, cultivate students' active reading habits and pay attention to the cooperative education mechanism of tutors, counselors and ideological and political teachers in the process of education, so as to promote students' critical thinking and all-round development.
Elaborating on the pedagogical knowledge management process in clinical education: A grounded theory study
Authors: Ramazanzade Khaironnesa , Ayati Mohsen , Abedi Farshid , Shokohifard Hossein Hossein
Published: January 2020

Background: Pedagogical knowledge management (PKM) is contributory to professional development and the promotion of clinical education quality. An efficient PKM requires understanding the associated process and dimensions in clinical education. Therefore, this study aimed to explain the theoretical process of PKM.Methods: This qualitative study used a grounded theory approach. The participants comprised 27 clinical teachers, who were affiliated with Birjand University of Medical Sciences and had the required experience or knowledge about medical education. They were selected via a purposive, theoretical sampling method and went through semi-structured interviews. The interviews were analyzed based on Corbin and Strauss’s analytical approach (2008) through constant comparison of the data until the classes were saturated, and the grounded theory emerged. Ultimately, the rigor and trustworthiness of the research were assessed based on Lincoln and Guba’s criteria.Results: From the data analysis, 3615 primary codes and 7 core categories emerged. The results indicated that a psychosocial process governs the PKM of the faculty, which is affected by personal egos, inadequate and inappropriate learning of pedagogical knowledge, empirical practice, imbalance between multiple teacher tasks in clinical education due to the dominance of treatment over education, inappropriate knowledge organization and storage, and lack of optimal time management. Obvious consequences include the inability to create and apply pedagogical knowledge and clinical training based on trial and error.Conclusions: The results of this article can be used for policy-making in clinical education to promote the PKM platforms, which ultimately leads to quality clinical education and community health promotion.
Dengue Clinical Practice Guideline from Household to Hospital: A Case Study of Development and Evaluation in Southern Thailand
Authors: Suwanbamrung Charuai , Le Cua Ngoc , Maneerattanasak Sarunya , Satien Polapat , Kotchawat Somsri , Nontapad Oratai , Thuethong Chanchuri , Situka Prayut , Ponprasert Chumpron , Nuprasert Youwarat , Talunkphet Chumponut , Siwarin Anuson
Published: January 2020

Background Dengue is an important health problem in southern Thailand. However, the area has a surveillance-only prevention system, and there are no continuing guidelines for dengue treatment from households to primary care units (PCUs) or district hospitals. The objectives were to develop and evaluate the dengue clinical practice guideline (DCPG) from household to hospital. Methods The study design used community participatory action research that integrated the IOWA model in 44 villages in the Lansaka district of southern Thailand. The DCPG was developed and tested with 26 health providers in five steps: 1) community preparation, 2) development of the guidelines, 3) use and monitoring, 4) evaluation and conclusion, and 5) referring technology. The questionnaires for evaluating opinion, knowledge, and practice contained 84 items. The content validity was verified by three experts (CVI= 0.80), and reliability was verified by 30 participants (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.90). The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare the situation before and after the use of DCPG, and guidelines were developed with accompanying diagrams. Results Two results were found: 1) DCPG consisted of four steps: guidelines at households, primary care units, outpatient departments and emergency rooms, and inpatient departments in hospitals. A total of 39 dengue patients were divided into 20 cases admitted for IPD; observation at home, 18 cases; and one patient referred to province hospital; with no deaths during the study period. 2) The 26 health providers from the PCUs and hospital increased their knowledge, and attitude increase was not significantly different ( P>0.05 ). The 5 components of practice increased significantly ( P<0.05 ), but the practice of only taking intravascular fluid was not significantly different ( P>0.05 ). Conclusion DCPG was an appropriate dengue solution from household to hospital. However, all stakeholders need to participate, integrate, and coordinate for continued use, monitoring and evaluation.
Investigation of dental caries prevalence, Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (dmft and DMFT indexes) and the associated factors among 9 - 11 years old children
Authors: Alami Ali , Erfanpoor Saeed , Monfared Elaheh Lael- , Ramezani Ali , Jafari Alireza
Published: January 2020

Background: Oral hygiene is one of the most important health issues in children that affects the health of children. This study aimed to investigate dental caries prevalence, Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (dmft and DMFT Indexes) and the associated factors among 9 -11 years old children.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 4226 primary school students aged 9-11 years old using the census method in Iran. Data were collected by valid and reliable researcher-made checklists. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 24 and using Kruskal Wallis, Mann-Whitney, and Logistic Regression tests.Results: The prevalence of permanent and primary dental caries in all students was 39.73% and 67.72%. The mean (standard deviation) of DMFT in the 9, 10 and 11 age groups were 0.6 (1.11), 0.97 (1.39) and 1.23 (1.63), respectively. The mean (standard deviation) dmft in the 9, 10 and 11 age groups were 3.14 (2.56), 2.46 (2.34) and 1.37 (1.84), respectively. There was a significant difference in DMFT and dmft between age groups (P<0.001). Results of multivariate logistic regression showed that there is a significant relationship between gender, birth rate, place of residence, mother's education, father's education and use of mouthwash with DMFT index (P<0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression showed that the variables of insurance, residence and mother's job were significantly correlated with dmft index (P<0.05). Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of dental caries was high. Variables of gender, birth rate, parental education, place of residence, use of mouthwash, having health insurance and mother's job were effective in predicting dental caries in students. it seems necessary to hold educational courses to increase awareness among students, educators, and parents about oral Health. Keywords: Elementary students, School, dmft, DMFT, Children, Oral health
Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors (KAB) related to brushing teeth with powered toothbrush among doctors: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wang Yanhao , Jiang Lin
Published: January 2020

Background This study was to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors (KAB) regarding brushing teeth with powered toothbrush among doctors. Methods This population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted by using a self-administered questionnaire regarding powered toothbrush based on the KAB model. Multistage cluster sampling was used to enrol doctors. Results A total of 403 doctors were included in the study. The proportion of “need to be strengthen” on knowledge, attitude and behaviors was 68.0 percent, 71.0 percent and 80.4 percent, respectively. The usage rate of powered toothbrush was low in doctors (12.2 percent). Doctors from dental department had higher knowledge (p<0.001) and attitude (p<0.01) scores than the doctors from non-dental department. Doctors from the district with a higher gross regional product had higher knowledge (p<0.01) and behaviors score (p<0.001), and doctors from higher-level hospitals had higher knowledge (p<0.001). Using powered toothpaste was positively associated with the knowledge (p<0.001), attitude (p<0.05) and behaviors (p<0.001) scores. Conclusions The majority of doctors’ knowledge, attitude and behaviors regarding powered toothbrush were needed to be strengthened. Specific health education is needed to improve the knowledge, attitude and behaviors regarding powered toothbrush.
Validation of methods for effective orifice area measurement of prosthetic valves by two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography following transcatheter self-expanding aortic valve implantation
Authors: Xiao Minghu , Wu Yongjian , Wang Jingjin , Song Guangyuan , Wang Jiande , Zhu Zhenhui , Wang Xu , Zhao Zhenyan , Wang Hao
Published: January 2020

Background: The aim was to compare two echocardiographic methods for prosthetic valve effective orifice area (EOA) measurement following transcatheter self-expanding aortic valve implantation. Methods: EOA was calculated according to the continuity equation. Two methods were constructed. In Method #1, the left ventricular outflow tract diameter (LVOTd 1 ) was measured at the entry of the prosthesis (from trailing to leading edge); in Method #2, the LVOTd 2 was measured proximal to the prosthetic valve leaflets (from trailing to leading edge). VTI LVOT was recorded by pulse doppler (PW) from apical windows. The region of the PW sampling should match that of the LVOTd measurement with precise localization. Results: A total of 113 consecutive patients were included in the study. All patients were followed up at one year. The mean transvalvular pressure gradient correlated better with the indexed EOA 1 (EOAI 1 ) (r=-0.701, p<0.0001) than EOAI 2 (r=-0.645, p<0.0001). Intra-observer reliability of EOA 1 and was EOA 2 was excellent (ICCs ranging from: EOA 1 : 0.923 to 0.984, and EOA 2 : 0.898 to 0.979, respectively). Interobserver reliability of EOA 1 and was EOA 2 was good (ICCs ranging from: EOA 1 : 0.742 to 0.948, and EOA 2 : 0.589 to 0.901, respectively). Conclusions: For transcatheter self-expanding valve EOA measurement, LVOTd should be measured in the entry of the prosthesis stent (from trailing to leading edge), and VTI LVOT should be measured when the PW sample is located in the entry of the prosthesis stent.
Risk factors for ellipsoid zone integrity after macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair
Authors: Fang Wei , Chen Miao , Zhai Jing , Li Jiuke , Chen Yiqi , Li Haidong , Qian Zhenbin , Wang Mengdi , Jin Xiaohong , Li Yumin
Published: January 2020

Background: ellipsoid zone (EZ) layer plays a vital role in visual performance of human retina, hereby we try to find some risk factors for EZ integrity after primary macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair. Methods: a retrospective cases study. Patients with macula-off RRD undergoing successful primary retinal repair surgery were reviewed and spectral domain optical coherence tomography images of them were analyzed. Comprehensive preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative clinical factors were screened. Results: A total of 118 patients (118 eyes) were enrolled in this study. The mean age of those patients was 52.16 years old (52.16 ±12.87 years). The follow-up time ranged from 0.1 to 84 months (10.21 ±14.81 months). 54 cases (45.76%) had their EZ fully reconstructed at final visit. The mid-quartile time of EZ reconstruction was 14.0 months (95% CI: 11.3 ~20.0 months). Multivariate proportional haphazard regression test revealed that the independent factors were: silicone oil tamponade (Hazard ratio=0.414, p=0.0400), posterior staphyloma (Hazard ratio=0.141, p=0.0021) and disorganization of retinal inner layer (Hazard ratio=0.167, p=0.0166). Conclusion: After successful retinal reattachment for macula-off retinal detachment, the mid-quartile time of EZ recovery was about 14 months. The independent risk factors for EZ recovery might include silicone oil tamponade, posterior staphyloma and disorganization of retinal inner layer.
Environmental Exposure to Cooking Oil Fume and Fatty Liver Disease: a cross-sectional study.
Authors: Zhang Shun , Lin Jie , Ni Saili , Shi Qili , Xiong Zi , Kang Junfei , Sun Xiaohua , Gao Yumeng , Zhang Huijing , Liu Shanyi , Cai Ting
Published: January 2020

Background The effect of cooking oil fume on development of fatty liver disease is limited. The present study aims to investigate the association between exposure to cooking oil fume and the risk of fatty liver disease. Method A total of 55959 participants aged between 40 and 75 years old participated in a community-based survey in Ningbo, China. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate the association between cooking oil fume exposure and fatty liver risk. Furthermore, ordered logistic regression was conducted to investigate the association between cooking oil fume exposure and the severity of fatty liver disease. Results Cooking oil fume exposure were significantly associated with fatty liver disease after adjusting for confounding factors compared with participants in the none oil fume exposure group. Moreover, interaction analyses indicated that females with heavy oil fume exposure had the highest odds ratios of fatty liver disease and severer disease extent. In the stratified analysis, compared to participants in the smokeless group, males and females in light, moderate and heavy cooking oil fume exposure groups all had significantly higher risk of fatty liver disease and severer disease extent, while participants with heavier cooking oil fume exposure tended to have higher risk of fatty liver disease and severer disease extent. Conclusion Our findings indicated that exposure to cooking oil fume potentiated the risk of fatty liver disease, and the associations might be dose-responsive. Furthermore, heavy oil fume exposure and female sex might have a synergistic effect on fatty liver disease.
Successful Removal of Cranial Migrated Intravitreal Perfluorocarbon through A Lumbar Puncture
Authors: Chen Lin , Zhang Zhongheng , Wang Qing , Ni Hongying
Published: January 2020

Background: Perfluorocarbon migrating into subarachnoid was very rare let alone its further removing from central nervous system. Case presentation: We report a case of migration of intravitreal perfluorocarbon into cranial space and further removed through a lumbar puncture treatment. The patient showed a sudden onset of hypoxemia and hypotension during an ocular surgery, which was highly suspected as neurogenic pulmonary edema caused by the migrated perfluorocarbon. The patient's symptoms improved after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The perfluorocarbon gradually descended through subarachnoid space to lumbar cisterna and finally drained by a lumbar puncture. Conclusions: Perfluorocarbon could enter the cranial space during ocular surgery and threaten the life of patient. Further migrating through subarachnoid space provide the opportunity to remove it.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Continuous Venovenous Hemodiafiltration Appli̇ed With Oxiris and AN69 Membranes in Patients With Septic Shock-Related Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Kaçar Cem Kıvılcım , Uzundere Osman , Yüksel Enver , Kandemir Deniz , Bıçak Esra Akiz , Yektaş Abdulkadir
Published: January 2020

Background and objectives: AN69 and Oxiris are filters used in continuous renal replacement therapy. In this study, we aimed to research the effects of these filters on blood cell counts, blood biochemistry, inflammation indicators, clinical status and mortality of patients diagnosed with septic shock-related acute kidney injury. Method: Between March 2019 and October 2019, 42 adult patients (Group 1: Oxiris (n = 21) or Group 2: AN69 (n=21)) with septic shock-related acute kidney injury and received continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) in the intensive care unit were included in the study and their results were prospectively observed and compared. The data at the begining of CVVHDF (pre-CVVHDF) and 24 hours after the onset of CVVHDF (post-CVVHDF) were recorded.Results: In the comparison of the pre- and post-CVVHDF values in Group 1, there was a statistically significant decrease detected in the procalcitonin (p = 0.04) and noradrenaline infusion rate (p = 0.02) levels. In terms of the other data there was no statistically significant difference between pre- and post-CVVHDF values in Group 1. In the comparison of the pre- and post-CVVHDF values in Group 2, there was a statistically significant decrease detected in the urea (p = 0.04), platelet count (p = 0.02) and procalcitonin (p = 0.002) levels. There was no statistically significant difference between pre- and post-CVVHDF values in terms of the other data in Group 2. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of mortality. Conclusions: CVVHDF with Oxiris filter causes a statistically significant decrease in noradrenaline infusion rate. Therefore, we think that the use of CVVHDF with Oxiris filter applied for septic shock-related acute kidney injury will save us time and increase the improvement in the treatment.
Rituximab treatment for steroid dependent or steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome in adult patients
Authors: Huang Jing , Wang Ping , Cui Zhao , Zhang Yimiao , Wang Fang , Meng Liqiang , Cheng Xuyang , Liu Gang , Zhou Fude , Zhao Minghui
Published: January 2020

Background: Minimal change disease (MCD) and focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS) are major causes of nephrotic syndrome (NS). The patients of steroid-dependent (SD) or steroid-resistant (SR) NS are exposed to high doses of steroid, more adverse effects, and worse outcomes. This study applied B cell-oriented rituximab therapy in MCD or FSGS adult patients with SD or SR, to investigate its efficiency and safety. Methods: Eight patients with steroid-dependent and frequent-relapsing (SD/FR) NS and six patients with steroid-resistant (SR) NS were enrolled. B-cell-oriented (<5 cells/mm 3 ) rituximab administration was used with single dose of 375 mg/m 2 adjusted according to eGFR. Results: During the follow-up period of 15.0 (8.8-18.0) months, B-cell depletion was achieved and maintained in all the 14 patients. Four, two, seven, one patients received two, three, four, five infusions of rituximab respectively. No adverse event was observed. All the eight SD/FR patients maintained complete remission without relapse. Six of them stopped steroid in 10 (2.3-12.3) months and four of them further stopped immunosuppressants. All of them maintained stable kidney function (eGFR 107.4 ± 27.4 vs. 111.0 ± 31.5 mL/min/1.73m 2 , P=0.600). All the six SR patients showed no response and presented with severe nephrotic syndrome. Five of them presented with kidney function deterioration (eGFR 49.6 ± 35.7 vs. 15.9 ± 11.5 ml/min/1.73m 2 , P=0.047) and three of them went into ESRD. Conclusion: B cell depletion-oriented regimen of rituximab was effective and safe for MCD or FSGS adult patients with SD/FR nephrotic syndrome, which could reduce drug doses and adverse events. This regimen showed no therapeutic effect for SR patients.
Aspirin attenuates L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in hemi-parkinsonian rats
Authors: Zhu Guo-Fu , Zheng Chang-Qing , Li Dai-Di , Zhou Yan-Zhen , Li Jing-Jie , Wang Guo-Qing , Zhang Feng
Published: January 2020

Background: At present, L-DOPA remained the gold standard therapy for motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. However, prolonged administration of L-DOPA led to the development of dyskinesia. Aspirin, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), had been widely used to relieve pain and inflammation. Recent studies indicated aspirin produced neuroprotection against dopamine (DA) neuronal loss in animal model. This study aimed to explore the effects of aspirin pre-treatment and co-treatment with L-DOPA on DA neurotoxicity and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) as well.Methods: Rats received a single 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) injection into substantia nigra to induce DA neuronal loss. For aspirin pre-treatment before L-DOPA studies: One day after 6-OHDA stimulation, rats were daily administrated with aspirin for 3 weeks followed by daily L-DOPA treatment along with aspirin for additional 3 weeks. For aspirin co-treatment with L-DOPA studies: Three weeks after 6-OHDA administration, rats were daily treated by L-DOPA together with aspirin for another 3 weeks. DA neurotoxicity was analyzed via rat PD-like behavior test and DA neuronal counting. The movement disorders of dyskinesia triggered by L-DOPA were determined by the abnormal involuntary movements (AIM) scores analysis.Results: we demonstrated both aspirin pre-treatment and co-treatment exerted anti-LID effects during L-DOPA treatment on 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. In addition, aspirin not only ameliorated DA neuronal damage, but also reduced the development of dyskinesia without affecting L-DOPA efficacy. Furtherly, inhibition of glial cells activation and the subsequent neuroinflammatory response might be involved in aspirin-attenuated dyskinesia.Conclusion: the present study suggested aspirin could have beneficial potential to attenuate LID in PD.
A signature related to lung adenocarcinoma prognosis: A study based on TCGA database
Authors: Wang Jia , Zhang Xiaolu , Zhang Xiaoming , Yao Yan , Ma Xiaoran , Xu Xiaowei , Zhuang Jing , Liu Lijuan , Sun Peng , Wu Jibiao , Sun Changgang
Published: January 2020

Background: The intrinsic molecular subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) impact clinical treatment decision-making, but the molecular mechanisms are still unclear. Therefore, we aimed to identify sensitive biomarkers to evaluate LUAD patient prognosis. Methods: Differentially expressed RNAs from LUAD patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and they were used to construct a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. Based on the examination of clinical data, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and mRNAs in the network were selected by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Finally, functional enrichment analysis was used to reveal prognostic signatures based on the classification into high and low-risk groups, survival analysis, and an independence test. Results: The ceRNA network consisted of 21 mRNAs, 53 lncRNAs, and 8 miRNAs that were selected from the differentially expressed RNAs identified. Next, based on univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, a prognostic signature, including two mRNAs (HOXA10 and CBX2) and four lncRNAs (LINC00460, LINC00330, DGCR5, and C14orf132) was constructed. Eventually, survival analysis showed that significant differences in survival rates between high and low-risk groups and the area under the curve (AUC) for three‐year survival was 0.714. Compared with clinical risk factors, including age, pathological stage, and TNM stage, our risk score had a higher prognostic value. Conclusion: By screening from a ceRNA network, we constructed a signature, including two mRNAs (HOXA10 and CBX2) and four lncRNAs (LINC00460, LINC00330, DGCR5, and C14orf132), that can be utilized as a prognostic biomarker in LUAD. This signature may provide options for clinical treatment.