bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 Education Response Mapping Study: Building resilience in the Philippines: Readiness, response, and recovery
Authors: Dabrowski Anna , Conway Maya , Nietschke Yung , Berry Amy , Pradhika Chaula
Published: January 2023

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis has caused unprecedented levels of disruption to education systems worldwide. Across the Asia region, it is estimated that around 760 million children were impacted by school closures at the height of the pandemic. Government response strategies have varied across the region, with some countries imposing prolonged school lockdowns while others have had short, repeated closure periods. As countries begin to reopen schools and prepare for subsequent waves of COVID-19 infection, there is a need to develop a higher capability of education systems to safeguard learning and address persistent barriers to learning equality by harnessing the opportunities for systemic change. However, school-based practices and responses that have effectively supported learning continuity during the COVID-19 pandemic have yet to be well examined, particularly in Asia. This report presents the research findings undertaken in the Philippines and Southeast Asia. This report forms part of a broader study that explores the system and school-level practices that have supported learning continuity in Asia during the pandemic. The study will focus on the policymaker practices that supported teaching and learning and consider ways school leaders, teachers, and parents have worked to support children during periods of disruption. Rather than comparing the responses of Asia countries, this study will highlight innovations in the system and school policies and programs in the Philippines and make recommendations based on insights from the Philippines’ education system. The study will focus on the school system and participants that support students in the Philippines but will not include students themselves.
Formation of nanoflowers: Au and Ni silicide cores surrounded by SiOx branches
Authors: Li Feitao , Wan Siyao , Wang Dong , Schaaf Peter
Published: January 2023

This work reports the formation of nanoflowers after annealing of Au/Ni bilayers deposited on SiO2/Si substrates. The cores of the nanoflowers consist of segregated Ni silicide and Au parts and are surrounded by SiOx branches. The SiO2 decomposition is activated at 1050 °C in a reducing atmosphere, and it can be enhanced more by Au compared to Ni. SiO gas from the decomposition of SiO2 and the active oxidation of Si is the source of Si for the growth of the SiOx branches of the nanoflowers. The concentration of SiO gas around the decomposition cavities is inhomogeneously distributed. Closer to the cavity border, the concentration of the Si sources is higher, and SiOx branches grow faster. Hence, nanoflowers present shorter and shorter branches as they are getting away from the border. However, such inhomogeneous SiO gas concentration is weakened in the sample with the highest Au concentration due to the strong ability of Au to enhance SiO2 decomposition, and nanoflowers with less difference in their branches can be observed across the whole sample.
TO WHAT EXTENT ARE SMART-PHONE USAGES IMPACTED THE TRIBAL YOUTH: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN TRIPURA
Authors: Das Jantu , Debbarma Debasish
Published: January 2023

There was a time when mobile phones, especially smart phones, were imaginary for all of us. But today, technology has reached such a stage that we feel like we can't live without mobile. It has become a natural integral part of modern society especially of youth. Despite all section of society is not able to have it, yet it is now not just inseparable for many youths but also more than their relatives. This is evidenced by various studies and even in our society we can see how young people are shrinking using Smartphones. The tribal youths are also not exceptional to it though, they live in backward areas. With this propaganda, an attempt has been made for providing the usage rates of smartphone particularly among the tribal students and to unveil and explore the fact-how Smartphone usage reflects their life. Thus the main aim of this study is to answer many questions laid out in the research question section of this paper related to Smartphone usage and its impact on the educational and personal life of the tribal students in Tripura. For this, 852 students (Tribal Youth) were selected randomly as a sample of the study from the both rural and urban areas of Tripura. The data were analyzed statistically by utilizing descriptive statistical techniques. The result revealed that maximum students are using their smarphone more than usual which can be treated as somehow addicted. It is also apparent that the mobile usage influence student’s life negatively than to be positively as they use mobile negatively in general and impact also their academic life coarsely. Based on the findings of the study, some suggestions for policy and practice also have been laid down.
Understanding the relationship between circulating platelets and epithelial to mesenchymal transition – a step towards in discovering new epithelial ovarian cancer targeted therapies
Authors:   Doctoral School, ”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Balescu Irina , Bacalbasa Nicoale ,   Department of Surgery, ”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Brezean Iulian ,   Department of Surgery, ”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,   Department of Surgery, ”Ion Cantacuzino” Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Stoica Claudia ,   Department of Anatomy, ”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,   Department of Surgery, Ilfov County Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Tomescu Cezar Laurentiu ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Constanta County Hospital, Romania,   ”Ovidius” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Constanta, Romania, Martac Cristina ,   Department of Anesthesiology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania, Voichitoiu Andrei ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ”Alessandrescu-Rusescu” National Institute of Mother and Child Care, Bucharest, Romania, Gaspar Bogdan ,   Department of Surgery, ”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,   Department of Visceral Surgery, Floreasca Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
Published: January 2023

In the last decades understanding the relationship between the circulating platelets and the biological aggressivity of ovarian cancer gave the opportunity to researchers to introduce new therapeutic lines in ovarian cancer patients with promising results. Therefore, this subject has become intensively studied and surprising correlation ships have been observed. One of the most recently investigated issues regards the influence of circulating platelets on epithelial ovarian cancer refers to the platelets’ ability to induce the epithelial to mesenchymal transition. The current paper aims to discuss about this subject and about the clinical implications of the process.
Estimation of bone mineral density and algorithms of 10-year risk of osteoporotic fractures in women
Authors: Lukyanets E. Yu.
Published: January 2023

Osteoporosis is the fourth most common after cardiovascular, cancer and endocrine diseases. With an increase in life expectancy, it becomes one of the main causes of deterioration in health and an increase in mortality.

Aim of the study. Assess bone mineral density using ultrasonic densitometry and the risk of osteoporotic fractures among women in Cherkasy region.

Materials and methods. The study was based on a survey of 43 women in the Odessa region, the average age of the subjects was 56,4±9,9 years, the average body weight was 73,5±11,6 kg, height 164,9±5,9 cm, the average BMI was 27,1±4,3. All women were divided into groups by age with a ten-year interval and by densitometry indices.

Results. Decreased bone density was found in 58,1 % of subjects, osteoporosis - 2 (4,8%). Women with osteopenia and osteoporosis have an increased risk of fractures and significantly reduced ultrasound densitometry compared to respondents with normal BMD. The structure of concomitant pathology was dominated by diseases of the circulatory system (22 cases;51,2 %) and digestive organs (12; 27,9 %). More than half of women (26; 60,5 %) had a total of 50 comorbidities, with an average of 1.2 cases of comorbidity.

Conclusions. Most women had osteopenic manifestations. Age significantly correlates with BMD parameters. The number of women with changes in the structure of bone tissue increases with age. Algorithms for assessing the 10-year risk of FRAX and Q-Fracture fractures are significantly correlated with densitometry. The combination of ultrasonic densitometry with algorithms for assessing the risk of osteoporotic fractures increases the diagnosis of osteoporosis.
New data on the effect of beta-blockers on erectile function in arterial hypertension
Authors: Lazarev P. O.
Published: January 2023

Erectile dysfunction (ED) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are highly prevalent in men and share common risk factors and pathophysiological associations, such as endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and low plasma testosterone. ED is an independent and early predictor of future CVD. One of the classes of antihypertensive drugs associated with an increased risk of ED is beta-blockers, so the question of which beta-blocker has a lower risk of ED is relevant. The results of 6 well-controlled studies with a total of 1578 participants who received therapy with 5 different beta-blockers - atenolol, bisoprolol, carvedilol, metoprolol and nebivolol - were analyzed. The risk of ED when using the non-vasodilating non-cardioselective beta-blocker carvedilol was assumed to be 1. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that nebivolol has the lowest risk factor for ED compared to other beta-blockers.
Investigating Loop Quantum Gravity with Event Horizon Telescope Observations of the Effects of Rotating Black Holes
Authors: Islam Shafqat Ul , Kumar Jitendra , Walia Rahul Kumar , Ghosh Sushant G.
Published: January 2023

A mathematically consistent rotating black hole model in loop quantum gravity (LQG) is yet lacking. The scarcity of rotating black hole solutions in LQG substantially hampers the development of testing LQG from observations, e.g., from the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations. The EHT observation revealed event horizon-scale images of the supermassive black holes Sgr A* and M87*. The EHT results are consistent with the shadow of a Kerr black hole of general relativity. We present LQG-motivated rotating black hole (LMRBH) spacetimes, which are regular everywhere and asymptotically encompass the Kerr black hole as a particular case. The LMRBH metric describes a multi-horizon black hole in the sense that it can admit up to three horizons, such that an extremal LMRBH, unlike the Kerr black hole, refers to a black hole with angular momentum a > M. The metric, depending on the parameters, describes (1) black holes with only one horizon (BH-I), (2) black holes with an event horizon and a Cauchy horizon (BH-II), (3) black holes with three horizons (BH-III), or (4) no-horizon spacetime, which we show is almost ruled out by EHT observations. We constrain the LQG parameter with the aid of the EHT shadow observational results of M87* and Sgr A*, respectively, for inclination angles of 17° and 50°. In particular, the VLTI bound for Sgr A*, δ ∈ (−0.17, 0.01), constrains the parameters (a, l) such that for 0 < l ≤ 0.347851M (l ≤ 2 × 106 km), the allowed range of a is (0, 1.0307M). Together with the EHT bounds of Sgr A* and M87* observables, our analysis concludes that a substantial part of BH-I and BH-II parameter space agrees with the EHT results of M87* and Sgr A*. While the EHT M87* results totally rule out BH-III, but not that by Sgr A*.
GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds and antibacterial activity of nangka leaves (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam)
Authors: Yani Br. Tambunan Indah , Siringo-Ringo Esther , Julianti Butar-Butar Mastiur , Gurning Kasta
Published: January 2023

Nangka is a plant that has various kinds of potential both because of the nutritional content provided through the fruit and also part of the content of bioactive compounds contained in the leaves. This study aims to identify the content of bioactive compounds and determine their content using GC-MS and determine the potential antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, S. epidermis, S. typhi, P. acnes from the ethanol extract of nangka leaves (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam). Screening results showed positive containing phenolic groups, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids. The results of determining the content of bioactive compounds for phenolics, tannins and flavonoids were 27.654±0.054 mg GAE/g d.w ethanolic extract, 0.46±0.017 mg TAE/g d.w ethanolic extract and 2.978±0.192 mg QE/g d.w ethanolic extract. GC-MS analysis showed the content of octadecanoic acid with a retention time of 36.489 minutes with a concentration of 29.91% and the ethanolic extract of nangka leaves had good potential activity as an antibacterial.
Allometric analysis of sexual dimorphism and morphological variation in two chromosome races of the Sceloporus grammicus complex (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae) from Mexico
Authors: Lozano Abraham , Sites Jr Jack W. , Ramírez-Bautista Aurelio , Marshall Jonathon C. , Pavón Numa P. , Cruz-Elizalde Raciel
Published: January 2023

Sexual dimorphism is a widespread feature in the Animal Kingdom. In lizards of the Sceloporus grammicus complex, studies of sexual dimorphism that analyze the allometric trajectories of body traits remain unexplored. Here we investigate sexual dimorphism in key phenotypic traits, including body size (snout-vent length, SVL) as well as head length (HL), head width (HW), and forearm length (FL). We use an allometric approach to detect differences in scale relationships among body parts in the S. grammicus complex in Mexico. We focus on two chromosomal races within this complex, F5 (2n = 34) and FM2 (2n = 46). In the complex, we found that males are larger than females in all morphological variables, and this pattern was confirmed in both races. We determined negative allometric trajectories (SVLvs.HL and HW), isometry (SVLvs.FL) and intersexual differences in the slopes of the SVLvs.HL and HW; the males showed steeper slopes. Thus, the growth of the head is more pronounced in males than females. Additionally, we found between-race differences in these trajectories (SVLvs.FL) and in all morphological variables (F5 lizards are larger than those of the FM2 race), which correlate with their chromosomal divergence. We discuss biological implications of our findings in relation to sexual selection and natural selection.
L’économie sociale et solidaire en débat : quand action rime avec formation
Authors: Bidet Éric , Richez-Battesti Nadine
Published: January 2023

Après avoir rappelé la longue histoire, innovante mais mouvementée, qui caractérise le concept d’économie sociale (et solidaire) et les mouvements qui le composent, cet article aborde quelques questions et enjeux-clés auxquels fait face l’ESS autour de la place pour l’engagement et le bénévolat, de l’ambiguïté des statuts qui ne sont pas vertus, du dilemme alternative vs composante du capitalisme ou des tensions entre spécificités et porosités. Ces questions entretiennent des liens soutenus avec les questions de formation et d’apprentissage, et constituent de ce fait une matrice de lecture de ce dossier d’ Éducation permanente et des différentes contributions qu’il contient.
Fuera, dentro, en y sobre el arte y el espacio virtual
Authors: Macías Paulina
Published: January 2023

Este texto parte del impulso de preguntarse si la idea de la virtualidad y su prevalecencia en las prácticas museísticas luego de la pandemia es esencialmente novedoso o emana de exploraciones de las prácticas artísticas del arte conceptual, más bien ya establecidas, desde hace ya más de un siglo que juegan con la idea de la inmaterialidad que hoy es la constante. Para hacerlo, además de realizar un breve recorrido por posibles definiciones del espacio virtual se proponen tres perspectivas de abordaje con sus respectivos ejemplos: Para, en donde reflexionamos sobre los ejercicios museísticos que se hacen para el internet, En y a partir de, en donde se presentan trabajos que son posibles sólo en la virtualidad y Sobre, que habla de proyectos que más que usar la virtualidad como forma las recuperan en sus formas de crear contenidos.
La comunicación en los museos durante el periodo de pandemia por COVID-19 a través de canales digitales. El caso del Museo del Desierto en Coahuila (México)
Authors:  Soto Sara Suleyma  Rivera ,  García Luis Fernando  Villegas
Published: January 2023

Los museos como posibilidad de historicidad, democratización cultural y diálogo abierto requieren de una constante revisión y cuestionamiento de sus objetivos y compromiso social. Durante la reciente pandemia por COVID-19, los museos como espacios educativos se vieron en la necesidad de buscar nuevas formas de comunicarse con el público que frecuentaba los recintos de manera cotidiana. El presente trabajo surge de la inquietud que se generó de conocer las estrategias que se implementaron en el Museo del Desierto, que incrementaron su interacción en redes sociales y permitieron tener un alcance más grande con su público. Al respecto, Juan Carlos Mantilla, jefe del departamento de comunicación, otorgó una entrevista en la que se pudieron conocer los aspectos técnicos y los resultados que tuvo esta interacción. Siguiendo los preceptos de Ma. Inmaculada Pastor Homs y Joseph Ballart, que abordan los conceptos del quehacer educativo de los museos y la formación de las audiencias, el trabajo se articula en 5 secciones que abarcan desde el análisis del museo frente a los retos que trajo consigo la pandemia hasta el espacio de encuentro en el Museo del Desierto.
Nuevas prácticas curatoriales en los museos de San Luis Potosí. El Arte Contemporáneo visto desde plataformas virtuales
Authors: Venegas Jorge Arturo Mirabal , Guzmán María Clara Ortega
Published: January 2023

El presente trabajo aborda elementos críticos con respecto a los museos de arte contemporáneo localizados en la Ciudad de San Luis Potosí, México, en los cuales se aplican las prácticas de la curaduría de obras plásticas y no objetuales en medios de difusión virtual que están evidenciando la necesidad de generar trabajos curatoriales realizados con mayor calidad profesional e intelectual de índole digital. Lo anterior será directamente visible en las diversas plataformas virtuales que se ofrecen actualmente, puesto que este acontecimiento marca un punto de quiebre en el campo artístico mexicano. Esta problemática pone en tela de juicio la seriedad al realizar las prácticas curatoriales dentro de los museos mexicanos, ya que, al momento de dar a conocer emergentes corrientes expresivas y artistas nacionales con potencial, provocan cierto impacto crítico o impresión en el público, el cual no llega a tener una opinión amplia de esta práctica curatorial, sino que a la vez repercute en la calidad artística. Lo anterior será observado a partir de las nuevas prácticas curatoriales que marcan la reactivación de los museos de la capital potosina tras la contingencia sanitaria de 2020-2021, retomando la celebración otoñal de Xantolo o Día de Muertos, una de las fiestas de mayor impacto en la región y un evento que marca un antes y un después en las nuevas prácticas curatoriales en dicha ciudad.
Museos de arte, públicos y pandemia. Análisis de dos casos argentinos
Authors: Bugnone Ana , Capasso Verónica
Published: January 2023

En este artículo analizamos una de las estrategias de comunicación e interacción que utilizaron el Museo de Arte Latinoamericano de Buenos Aires, de gestión privada y de alcance internacional, y el Museo Provincial de Bellas Artes “Emilio Pettoruti”, público y con una proyección más acotada, ambos argentinos, durante el confinamiento por la pandemia provocada por el SARS COV-2. Ambos museos propusieron la recreación de obras por parte del público con elementos y vestimentas que tenían en los hogares, las cuales eran fotografiadas y subidas a la red social Instagram de las instituciones. Observamos que estas propuestas generaron la participación del público y la asunción de un rol más activo. La presencia de elementos de la vida cotidiana, la intervención de las infancias, la producción de contenidos digitales desacralizando las obras fueron algunas de las características de estos casos. Finalmente, nos preguntamos por el alcance de esta mayor interacción en el marco de la museología crítica.
A natureza da criança e a invenção de um meio interessante: a educação da infância enquanto tecnologia do instinto
Authors: Silva Magda
Published: January 2023

Este artigo propõe-se discutir a educação da infância enquanto tecnologia do instinto. Por tecnologia revelo a sua filiação às perspetivas abertas por Michel Foucault, a propósito do poder nas sociedades modernas. Por instinto, refiro-me a um conjunto de objetos teóricos, identificados pelo mesmo autor, que por meados do século XIX puderam entrar nas regras do discurso psiquiátrico. O que aqui se pretende, portanto, é analisar como uma noção de instinto pôde ser absorvida e funcionar no interior do discurso médico-pedagógico que marcou, de forma inovadora, as primeiras décadas do século XX. Neste sentido, visitam-se autores relevantes, no debate então atual, com o intuito de discutir os modos como ao mesmo tempo que se organizou o emolduramento que melhor proporcionaria um desenvolvimento infantil, esse também se dotou de um caráter terapêutico diante de determinados aspetos inatos, atribuindo à educação da infância as competências de um decisivo e precoce campo de prevenção da anormalidade.
Educating bodies for the nation: schools, masculinity and transnational knowledge in 19th century Brazil
Authors: Maranhão Tiago Fernandes
Published: January 2023

This paper discusses the senses and meanings attributed to physical culture, its conceptions, functions, and role within nineteenth-century Brazil’s educational system. By focusing on diverse kinds of schools as spaces of reference for children and adolescents and the efforts to shape their bodies, this work analyzes the importance of youth for national projects and how educators tried to represent young ideal bodies in school curricula as they made the transition from infancy to adulthood. It also shows how the body is a complex web of ideas and representations, a territory fought over within state institutional spaces. By understanding the “new behaviors” that the modern state wished to promote, the present paper focuses on how physical education shaped health and hygiene conditions through bodily exercises and the pivotal role played by schools within the strategy to transform young students into healthy, strong, disciplined citizens ready to serve the nation.
Do Palácio da Ajuda ao Panteão Nacional: os “mármores” na construção e na reconstrução de alguns notáveis monumentos de Lisboa
Authors: Soares Clara Moura , Rodrigues Rute Massano
Published: January 2023

Nos séculos XIX e XX, as rochas ornamentais continuaram a ter um papel importante nas obras de construção e reconstrução em Portugal. Em Lisboa, o Lioz a par de outras variedades de calcário das imediações da capital, muitas vezes conjugados com Brecha da Arrábida e com Mármores do Anticlinal de Estremoz, definem edifícios e a paisagem. Partindo de três casos de estudo – Palácio da Ajuda (construção), Palácio das Cortes (ampliação e renovação) e Panteão Nacional (conclusão) – enquadrados em tempos e conjunturas distintas, procura-se identificar e contextualizar a presença dos “mármores” (por vezes, um abrangente e indefinido conceito) nestes edifícios, os critérios de escolha e fornecedores. Monumentalidade, efeitos cromáticos, conveniência, disponibilidade, proximidade, custo e tempo, revelaram-se fatores determinantes nas opções de arquitetos e encomendantes.
A calçada portuguesa: desenhos em arquivo
Authors: Santos Denise
Published: January 2023

Fruto da capacidade de utilizar e manipular os materiais de acordo com as exigências arquitetónicas, de engenharia e dos contextos socioculturais, os materiais geológicos têm sido um elemento essencial na construção das cidades pelas diferentes características e propriedades que possuem.Realizada através de uma singular aplicação e resultado de uma arte de trabalhar a pedra, a denominada “calçada portuguesa” tem sido objeto de admiração desde as primeiras aplicações em Lisboa, em meados do século XIX. Nesta Documenta divulga-se uma seleção de fontes do Arquivo Municipal de Lisboa, referentes ao desenho da calçada portuguesa, dividindo-as em dois grandes grupos: de cariz decorativo e de âmbito informativo ou comercial. Os exemplos que se apresentam são testemunhos de manifestações materiais e simbólicas da imagem da cidade que se pretende sublinhar e cuja memória se deseja recuperar.
Origin and technology of the Georgian brick at Fade Mansion, Dublin, built c. 1728
Authors: Pavía Sara
Published: January 2023

This paper studies the provenance and firing technology of the Fade Mansion brick. The microstructure was studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mineral associations and transformation were determined with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and petrographic analyses. The results evidenced that the bricks were made with a decalcified, silica-based clay of glacio-fluvial origin, gathered locally. This agrees with the position of the Mansion on a terrace of the River Liffey, and with previous research on historic bricks made with boulder clay. They were fired in kilns in an oxidising atmosphere. The rubbers at window heads reached lower temperatures which resulted in low vitrification, leading to weathering. Initial vitrification structures generally concur with the occurrence of clay minerals, indicating temperatures of c. 800°C. Continuous vitrification is associated to the disappearance of clay minerals, the sintering of hematite and/or high-temperature phases and mica transformation, indicating a wide temperature range >950-1200°C, which agrees with the inconsistent brick properties.
Do Colégio de Santo Antão ao Alto de São João: território, obras e materiais da Quinta de Xabregas (século XVIII)
Authors: Pinho Inês Gato de , Coutinho Maria João Pereira
Published: January 2023

O património imóvel remanescente do primeiro período da Companhia de Jesus em Portugal, que se compõe de diversos tipos de casas, a saber, colégios, noviciados, casas professas, residências e quintas de recreio, entre outros, apresenta lacunas no que refere a estudos sobre processos construtivos e materiais empregues.Apresenta especificamente uma visão incompleta acerca das quintas de recreio, normalmente elencadas nos estudos como propriedades satélites dos colégios, sendo raras as análises específicas relativas à sua implantação e construção como propriedades independentes.Esta investigação procura, através da análise do estudo de caso da Quinta de Xabregas, afeta à administração do Colégio de Santo Antão-o-Novo de Lisboa, enriquecer o conhecimento da implantação na paisagem deste tipo de edifício. Procura, igualmente, dar a conhecer aspetos construtivos e materiais de um edifício pouco aprofundado pela historiografia jesuíta e contribuir para a história da construção do Colégio de Santo Antão.
Gouvernance territoriale et perception du risque à la suite de l’inondation de la rivière Richelieu en 2011
Authors: Germain Daniel , Pelletier Jonathan , Trudelle Catherine , Gaudette Marilyne
Published: January 2023

La coordination et la coopération entre les acteurs publics, privés et la population, ainsi que l’articulation des différentes échelles géographiques dans l’élaboration de stratégies territoriales, sont devenues des éléments incontournables dans la prévention des risques naturels. Dans cette perspective, il convient de s’intéresser à la gouvernance territoriale du système québécois, notamment à savoir si la gestion du risque dépend toujours d’un système traditionnel où les citoyens ont très peu de pouvoir décisionnel. À cet égard, le niveau de responsabilisation des citoyens a été étudié dans la municipalité de Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu afin de comprendre le rôle des acteurs dans la gestion de l’inondation survenue au printemps 2011. Des questionnaires ont été distribués à la population dans deux quartiers vulnérables aux inondations pour observer les pratiques de prévention et de préparation des riverains à l’égard des crues printanières, et des entrevues semi-dirigées avec plusieurs acteurs importants dans la gestion des risques ont été réalisées. Les résultats ont permis de constater qu’une mise à jour des connaissances était essentielle en raison des changements climatiques et qu’il y a un manque considérable dans l’établissement des fonctions et des compétences de l’ensemble des acteurs. D’ailleurs, cette absence de définition claire du rôle des individus occasionne une déresponsabilisation et une négation des risques, particulièrement au niveau municipal. Enfin, si notre analyse montre une lacune significative de la gouvernance territoriale dans la gestion des risques au Québec, force est de constater que certains partenariats et les nouvelles politiques mises en place depuis contribuent néanmoins à accroitre la résilience de la société québécoise.
Territoires et urbanités autochtones face aux défis socio-écologiques au Canada : enjeux d’inclusion et de gouvernance
Authors: Kane Oumar , Hocine Julien , Cadotte Catherine
Published: January 2023

Cette recherche propose une réflexion sur les urbanités autochtones et la gouvernance environnementale. Au Canada, la littérature scientifique a abondamment étudié les modes de gouvernance et la cogestion des ressources dans les territoires ancestraux, insistant notamment sur leurs importantes ressources naturelles et la résurgence de cosmologies susceptibles de contribuer différemment aux actions collectives face aux défis socio-écologiques contemporains. Alors qu’au Québec la majorité des personnes autochtones vivent à l’extérieur des réserves, peu de travaux ont été consacrés aux modes de gouvernance impliquant les Autochtones en milieu urbain, encore moins en matière d’environnement. Les modes de gouvernance dominants ont par ailleurs été critiqués au motif qu’ils risqueraient de perpétuer des cadres de collaboration inégalitaires et de nuire à une gouvernance réellement inclusive. La raison en est, entre autres, que les structures coloniales de pouvoir disqualifient les épistémologies relatives aux pratiques et aux savoirs minorisés. À cet égard, le contexte urbain nécessite de reconsidérer les enjeux associés à la gouvernance face aux défis socio-écologiques contemporains en raison de la diversité des acteurs impliqués, ce sur quoi s’attarde cet article en procédant à un examen critique de la littérature portant sur ce sujet. La présence des Autochtones dans les grands centres urbains au Canada n’est pas nouvelle, et leur absence au chapitre de la gouvernance environnementale semble attester d’un manque de reconnaissance de cette réalité et de l’exclusion des perspectives autochtones. Pour y remédier, la gouvernance en milieu urbain devrait être repensée tant du point de vue de la représentativité des différentes voix que des modèles alternatifs de prise en compte du commun dont les Autochtones sont susceptibles d’enrichir la cité.
Scaffolding Hypothesis Formation and Testing During Simulation Coding
Authors: Vasconcelos Lucas
Published: January 2023

Training preservice teachers for future STEM teaching is imperative, and yet they are often trained to teach only one of the STEM disciplines in isolation. This chapter proposes an interdisciplinary module that integrates coding and scientific modeling skills. Specifically, it reports the impact of scaffolding preservice teachers' hypothesis formation and testing as they use block-based code to create science simulations and develop models of a water purifying system. This mixed methods study used preservice teachers' hypotheses, written reflections, and interviews as data sources. Results showed that scaffolds appeared to have a positive impact on preservice teachers' model development as they promoted abstraction, better understanding of the experiment, negotiation of meaning between teammates, and efforts to achieve representational accuracy between hypotheses and simulations. Implications for practice, future directions for research, and study limitations are discussed.
A Patient-Centered Data-Driven Analysis of Epidural Anesthesia
Authors: Lee Eva K. , Tian Haozheng , Wei Xin , Lee Jinha
Published: January 2023

This study investigates safety and efficacy of a large-dose, needle-based epidural technique where the anesthetic dose is administered through an epidural needle prior to insertion of the epidural catheter. Using a data-driven machine learning (ML) approach, the findings show that the needle-based approach is faster and more dose-effective in achieving sensory level than the catheter-based approach. The authors also find that injecting large doses in the epidural space through the needle is safe. And a needle dose of at most 18 ml offers lower hypotension complication. ML predicts hypotension with 85% accuracy and shows that total dose, injection duration, weight, and physician experience are top features impacting sensory level. The findings facilitate pain relief improvement and establish new clinical practice guideline for training and dissemination of safe administration. The successful prediction of hypotension allows for early intervention. Although almost 50% of drug combinations used involve fentanyl, the findings show that fentanyl has little effect on outcome and should be avoided.
Big Data Analytics in E-Governance and Other Aspects of Society
Authors: Duggar Dishit , Bang Sarang Mahesh , Tripathy B. K.
Published: January 2023

Normally, big data refers to large and complex data sets that are derived from various sources and require new mechanisms for processing as existing mechanisms cannot handle such complex data (structured, semi-structured, and unstructured). Such type of data is growing rapidly in various sectors, and its interpretation and analysis is the need of today. Like other areas, e-governance and society also deal with big data. Big data analytics refers to the use of tools and techniques to process and analyse big data and plays a vital role in e-government projects. Using these tools, governments tend to modernize the public sector and create different policies to improve economy of a country. This article starts with a brief introduction to big data and its applications in e-governance and describes and analyses different available frameworks/tools highlighting their pros and cons. Also, frameworks being in different sectors of governance are presented along with various analytic techniques used. It ends with accounting challenges in using and managing big data analytics techniques.
Big Data Technologies and Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Authors: Kasten Joseph E.
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this article is to report on a systematic review performed on the literature describing the research on the use of big data technologies in pharmaceutical manufacturing. Big data technologies refer to a variety of technologies that are associated with big data such as data analytics, machine learning, and data mining. The systematic review uses a set of search terms that describe the topic under study and performs searches on major databases. The returns from these searches are subjected to content analysis to determine their primary topic and those that are focused on pharmaceutical manufacturing are then analyzed to reveal research emphasis, tools used, and major findings. The literature is then organized to reveal the structure of the body of literature. A total of 64 papers met the inclusion requirements for the study and they represent four themes: Manufacturing Specific Products, General Manufacturing Process Control, Safety/QC, and Manufacturing Management. A review such as this provides guidance to researchers to expand their current research.
Importance of AI and ML Towards Smart Sensor Network Utility Enhancement
Authors: Sahana Sudipta , Singh Dharmpal , Nath Ira
Published: January 2023

Sensors are essential to collect information from the environment. Smart sensing technology can use artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques to enhance the process of information acquisition. AI and ML techniques in smart sensors can improve the process of collection of data and reduce the exchange of data within the networks significantly. The attributes of remote sensor systems bring numerous difficulties. Moreover, the number of interconnected gadgets generate huge amounts of data. These require smart processing and examination to build up a more significant level of information and outcomes in better dynamic, estimating, and solid administration of sensors. So, in this article, a comprehensive review of AI- and ML-based applications has been done to enhance the utility of smart sensor network in different aspects, and discussion about feature selection and dimension reduction with AI and ML tools is also depicted.
Analyzing U.S. Maritime Trade and COVID-19 Impact Using Machine Learning
Authors: Abraldes Peter R. , Rotella James , Mukherjee Partha , Badr Youakim
Published: January 2023

International trade is crucial to the U.S. economy. When measured by metric tonnage, 75% of the volume is transported by sea. This work explores the variables that impact trade volume, both on the individual and aggregate shipment level. Three supervised machine-learning techniques use data about U.S. maritime trade, U.S. unemployment, international tariff rates, and country exchange rates for the period of 2010 through 2019. The same variables are then used in combination with new information specific to COVID-19 for the period of 2019 and 2020. The tonnage of individual shipments remains unchanged before and after the prevalence of COVID-19. However, the frequency of shipments decreases during 2020, resulting in an aggregate decline of trade. Metrics that measure COVID-19's impact produce better model prediction accuracy.
Data Lakes
Authors: Kumar Anjani , Chundi Parvathi
Published: January 2023

Data lake (DL) technology is popular for its flexibility to handle different raw data formats at the ingestion time as well as at the time of retrieval from the data lake. It typically includes the following five layers data ingestion, staging, processed data, storage and visualization, and analytics. These five layers together provide access to seemingly infinite computation and storage resources for democratizing data access and for supporting a wide variety of analytics tasks in an enterprise. This work is going to explain the four steps approach for doing the analysis task. It will describe the three pillars for building a DL. Then, it will give a brief history of the evolution from Excel Sheet to DL. It will explain the five layers: data ingestion, staging, processed data, storage and visualization, and analytics. It will briefly explain three DL systems, Snowflake, Databricks, and Redshift, and then nine important metrics for these three DL systems will be compared.
Datafied Modelling of Self-Disclosure in Online Health Communication
Authors: Ibrahim Adamkolo Mohammed , Sanda Hajara Umar , Abba-Aji Nassir , Hassan Md Salleh , Vi Phuong Thi
Published: January 2023

Online health support communities play an important role in the exchange of social support and the improvement of health. There is a dearth of theoretical frameworks dedicated to a better understanding of self-disclosure and supporting exchange behaviour in the online health support community literature based on a data-driven research approach. Using a critical review of the literature, this chapter seeks to define the relationship between user support exchange behaviour and self-disclosure intention by modifying the theory of reasoned action (TRA) whilst introducing a new concept called ‘altruistic user role', which describes a user's proclivity to provide or seek social support. A combination of methods, including manual coding and machine learning algorithms, was employed. To help improve the design of online health support communities, this article discusses the implications of the proposed modified TRA.
Free Text to Standardized Concepts to Clinical Decisions
Authors: Lee Eva K. , Egan Brent M.
Published: January 2023

This article discusses the establishment of interoperability among electronic medical records from 800 clinical sites and the use of machine learning for best practice discovery. A novel extraction-mapping algorithm is designed that accurately extracts, summarizes, and maps free text and content to concise structured medical concepts. Clinical decision processes and disease progression are also generated. The machine learning model (DAMIP) uncovers discriminatory feature sets that can predict the quality of treatment outcomes (blind prediction accuracies of 89% – 97%) for multiple diseases including heart, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). For each disease, the best practice was used at fewer than 5% of the clinical sites, opening up excellent opportunities for knowledge sharing and rapid learning. This work led to the implementation of a new treatment policy for CKD pre-dialysis care management. The new policy offers better outcomes, saves lives, improves the quality of life, and reduces 35% of treatment costs. The system is scalable and generalizable.
Interparadigmatic Perspectives Are Supported by Data Structures
Authors: Ahamer Gilbert
Published: January 2023

Tools for recording individual perspectives on realities have long constituted the guiding theme for geographers. In this article, several cases for perceiving complex political and socio-economic realities try to make their partial views converge. The cases presented show the practical contributions of learning platforms (thus, IT) in facilitating the exchange of fact-based concepts for the exchange of viewpoints to facilitate common understanding in cases where diverse viewpoints prevail. Transdisciplinary approaches for defining “learning” are intentionally combined even if these may stem from psychology, education, political sciences, and transdisciplinary socio-political approaches. The reason is that in practical university teaching, all participating views of learning must be satisfied. Statistical data are presented. IT tools have promoted the dialogue in these cases of cooperative learning: Global Studies, the ESD forum, the Environmental Systems Analysis Curriculum USW, and the European Union Twinning tool applied in neighbouring European countries.
Interactive Workbook on Science Communication
Authors: Ahamer Gilbert
Published: January 2023

This article proposes a dialogic “science communication workbook” that can be used for national science funds or other science administration, especially in countries of transition in the European Neighbourhood such as Georgia in the Southern Caucasus (as in the present case study). This outline comprises (1) an introductory frame on the reasons and needs for science communication and its role in society; (2) a definition of targets in science communication according to the quintuple helix model of innovation; (3) managing science communication activities as a self-responsible learning circle; (4) identifying the stakeholders for science communication activities as a concrete guide according to the “quintuple helix”; (5) preparing concrete action for communication medium, language, design, and structure; (6) recommendations and practical advice for stakeholders; and (7) dialogic procedures leading to the development and implementation of the guidelines. This suggested dialogic frame can support generation of quality control for national science communication.
Abductive Strategies in Human Cognition and in Deep Learning Machines
Authors: Magnani Lorenzo
Published: January 2023

Locked and unlocked strategies are at the center of this article as ways of shedding new light on the cognitive aspects of deep learning machines. The character and the role of these cognitive strategies, which are occurring both in humans and in computational machines, is indeed strictly related to the generation of cognitive outputs, which range from weak to strong level of knowledge creativity. The author maintains that these differences lead to important consequences when we analyze computational AI programs, such as AlphaGo, which aim at performing various kinds of abductive hypothetical reasoning. In these cases, the programs are characterized by locked abductive strategies: they deal with weak (even if sometimes amazing) kinds of hypothetical creative reasoning because they are limited in eco-cognitive openness, which instead qualifies human thinkers who are performing higher kinds of abductive creative reasoning, where cognitive strategies are instead unlocked.
Artificial Neural Networks and Data Science
Authors: Bihl Trevor , Young II William A. , Moyer Adam , Frimel Steven
Published: January 2023

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) consist of a family of techniques that are commonly employed to recognize and interpret patterns in big data that are used in prediction, clustering, classification, and identification of other previously unknown data patterns. This article describes foundational concepts that relate to ANNs, including an understanding of how ANNs are linked to biological concepts and the underlying ANN families. The article includes an explanation of common ANN methods, architecture/hyperparameter determination for initializing ANNs, and current research directions. The article concludes with a discussion on the need for algorithmic transparency and repeatability of research.
Machine Learning Enables Decision-Making Processes for an Enterprise
Authors: Rao N. Raghavendra
Published: January 2023

Business decisions need to be made based on constantly changing data from a variety of sources. The data for business enterprises consists of both internal and external sources. Some managerial decisions are qualitative. Thus, it is necessary to incorporate this knowledge in developing decision support systems. Advancements in the information and communication technology discipline provide the various concepts for designing and developing business models. The concept of machine learning is one of the important concepts provided by the above discipline. Machine learning has become one of the most important elements for adopting innovative ways in understanding the thought process of humans and duplicating this process through computing systems. Machine learning is a form of artificial intelligence that enables a system to learn from data rather than explicit programming. This article gives an overview of the machine learning process and collaborative concepts. A case illustration related to a textile mill in India is discussed in the context of machine learning.
Validating Machine Vision Competency Against Human Vision
Authors: Hiremani Vani Ashok , Senapati Kishore Kumar
Published: January 2023

This work elucidates the human intelligence performance and machine intelligence in geographical region-wise face classification incorporating a sample of 120 human identifiers and computational models like convolutional neural network and colour local binary pattern. A novel Indian colour face database is created consisting of 2010 distinctive face images of east and south regions. On human side, an automated human intelligence system is established to evaluate the visual capabilities of human. On machine side, the authors trained two CovNets, one comprising more layers trained with 1800 normal face database images and another one trained with 1000 contoured images of face obtained by canny edge detection approximation method, to estimate the human intelligence response that found face shape the more discriminative feature among other face features. Experimental results showed the human classification proficiency (96%) stood superior to the machine algorithms even in challenging aspects.