bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Light-Rail Investment in Seattle: Gentrification Pressures and Trends in Neighborhood Ethnoracial Composition
Authors: Hess Chris L.
Published: April 2018

Research often finds a positive relationship between public transportation investment and gentrification in nearby neighborhoods. This dynamic is particularly important in urban contexts that plan for transit-oriented development and creating future “walkability.” In this study, I demonstrate a link between transit investment and changing neighborhood racial and ethnic composition, using a case study of the recent light-rail project in Seattle, Washington. Descriptive analyses and difference-in-difference models suggest that affected neighborhoods in Seattle experienced rising shares of non-Hispanic Whites following the start of light-rail construction, while neighborhoods at the suburban periphery of the line saw substantial growth in racial and ethnic diversity. These findings highlight the role of transit infrastructure in restructuring demographic trajectories of nearby neighborhoods and contribute evidence about shifting patterns of residential segregation in the area around the transit line.
Mechanical properties of spider-web hierarchical honeycombs subjected to out-of-plane impact loading
Authors: He Qiang , Feng Jun , Chen Yunjiang , Zhou Honggen
Published: April 2018

Spider-web hierarchy can be introduced by adding smaller hexagons at the centers of original cells in an underlying hexagonal network and connecting the adjacent vertices by straight beams. To examine the out-of-plane crashworthiness of this new type of hierarchical honeycomb concept, a finite element model is established and validated by existing theoretical and experimental results. Then, a parametric study on structural variables [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] was carried out with three different densities. The mechanical properties of hierarchical honeycombs are also compared with that of regular honeycombs. The research results show that the deformation patterns of hierarchical honeycombs can be divided into three categories. The energy absorption capability can be controlled effectively by proper adjustment of the hierarchical structural parameters. The specific energy absorption per unit mass ([Formula: see text]) of first-order spider-web hierarchical honeycomb with [Formula: see text] and second-order spider-web hierarchical honeycomb with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] increases by 62.1% and 82.4%, respectively. Meanwhile, the spider-web hierarchical characteristics have less influence on the corresponding Peak Crushing Force ( PCF). Further, the mean crushing force is derived by dividing the profile into basic angle elements based on the Simplified Super Folding Element (SSFE) method. The theoretical calculation is in good agreement with the simulation results as the spider-web hierarchical honeycombs deform in Mode I. These results can provide valuable suggestions in the study and design of the new type hierarchical honeycombs.
Subculture’s Not Dead! Checking the Pulse of Subculture Studies through a Review of ‘Subcultures, Popular Music and Political Change’ and ‘Youth Cultures and Subcultures: Australian Perspectives’
Authors: Williams J. Patrick
Published: April 2018

Empirical studies of youth cultures and subcultures continue to flourish alongside active theoretical progression and debates within and across a variety of intellectual traditions. Annually, a range of published articles, monographs and edited collections improve our collective knowledge about youth (sub)cultural phenomena from nearly every corner of the globe. In this article I review two recent edited volumes that deal explicitly with subculture studies: The Subcultures Network’s Subcultures, Popular Music and Political Change (2014, Cambridge Scholars Publishing) and Baker, Robards and Buttigieg’s Youth Cultures and Subcultures: Australian Perspectives (2015, Ashgate). I provide a brief description and summative evaluation of each volume and then organize the review itself in terms of a set of topics that I find to be most salient across the many chapters: identity and identification, centre and periphery, social media, and history. The review moves back and forth between the two volumes as I bring together chapters that are conceptually or analytically similar. My goal is not only to review the significance of the various published studies, but to highlight the continued relevance of the subculture concept.
Integrating Phylogenetic and Network Approaches to Study Gene Family Evolution: The Case of the AGAMOUS Family of Floral Genes
Authors: Carvalho Daniel S , Schnable James C , Almeida Ana Maria R
Published: April 2018

The study of gene family evolution has benefited from the use of phylogenetic tools, which can greatly inform studies of both relationships within gene families and functional divergence. Here, we propose the use of a network-based approach that in combination with phylogenetic methods can provide additional support for models of gene family evolution. We dissect the contributions of each method to the improved understanding of relationships and functions within the well-characterized family of AGAMOUS floral development genes. The results obtained with the two methods largely agreed with one another. In particular, we show how network approaches can provide improved interpretations of branches with low support in a conventional gene tree. The network approach used here may also better reflect known and suspected patterns of functional divergence relative to phylogenetic methods. Overall, we believe that the combined use of phylogenetic and network tools provide a more robust assessment of gene family evolution.
The evolving role of paramedics – a NICE problem to have?
Authors: Eaton Georgette , Mahtani Kamal , Catterall Matt
Published: April 2018

This short essay supports the growing role of paramedics in the clinical and academic workforce. We present a commentary of recent draft consultations by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence in England that set out how the role of paramedics may be evolving to assist with the changing demands on the clinical workforce. Using these consultations as a basis, we extend their recommendations and suggest that the profession should also lead the academically driven evaluation of these new roles.
Exploring the impact of marital relationship on the mental health of children: Does parent–child relationship matter?
Authors: Li Chunkai , Jiang Shan , Fan Xiaoyan , Zhang Qiunv
Published: April 2018

This study aimed to examine the associations between marital relationships and parent–child relationships on children’s mental health. Participants included 19,487 students from the 2013–2014 baseline China Education Panel Survey. Structural equation modeling was applied to analyze the data and results revealed that marital and parent–child relationships positively affected children’s mental health. Parent–child relationship also played a mediating role between marital relationship and children’s mental health. The unique contributions of this study and its theoretical and practical implications were discussed.
A quantitative method for the detection of muscle functional active and passive behavior recovery in models of damage-regeneration
Authors: Grasa Jorge , Pérez-Ruíz Ana , Muñoz María Jesús , Soteras Fernando , Bobadilla Muñoz Miriam , Baraibar Churio Arantxa , Prósper Felipe , Calvo Begoña
Published: April 2018

Unlike other organs, skeletal muscle is endowed with a remarkable potential for regeneration that depends on the presence of satellite cells. Histological and functional (force generation) recoveries after muscle damage are not parallel processes. The aim of this study is to examine the in vivo contractile properties and in vitro passive stress–stretch behavior of muscle during degeneration–regeneration processes. Notexin was injected into rat tibialis anterior muscle, and functional recovery and histological changes were compared. We found that histological improvement of damaged muscle is delayed in comparison with its capacity to generate force. The elastic properties of muscle were not altered in agreement with the unchanged cross-linking index, probably as a consequence of the unaltered deposition of total collagen during degeneration–regeneration processes together with the maintenance of the ratio of collagens type I and III.
Saving the girl: A creative reading of Alice Sebold’s Lucky and The Lovely Bones
Authors: Kilby Jane
Published: April 2018

In the late 1990s, Alice Sebold is writing what will become her phenomenally successful novel The Lovely Bones (2002), but she finds herself having to abandon it in order to write her critically acclaimed rape memoir Lucky (1999). She did not want, she says years later, Susie Salmon (the novel’s dead narrator) doing “work for her”, but wanted Susie free “to tell her own story”. Lucky would be the “real deal” about rape, while The Lovely Bones would be a fantasy. And yet, the memoir and novel are similar in many respects; and nearly identical to begin with. The Lovely Bones opens with the rape, murder and mutilation of a young girl – Susie – while Lucky opens with reference to the girl who was raped, murdered and mutilated in the tunnel Sebold was also raped in. This girl, Sebold maintains, always haunts her. Thus, I will argue, it is not possible to read her novel, which some critics have dismissed as “timid and sentimental”, without reading her gritty autobiography; and vice versa it is not possible to read Sebold’s rape memoir without reading her novel, which in a complex way bears witness to that unnamed girl, if not for all dead, unnamed girls. The question is, then, how does the intertextuality of Sebold’s novel and memoir, and, more broadly, the interrelationship of truth and fantasy, impact on our reading of Sebold’s work, especially her memoir?

Keywords

Rape, fact, fiction, truth, lie, reading, writing, creative witnessing, wishful thinking, utopia
Developing the UNICEF Malawi School Handwashing Program
Authors: Parkinson Joy , Mkandawire Philip C. , Dietrich Timo , Badejo Abi , Kadir Mohammad , Tembo Violet
Published: April 2018

Diarrhea is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality among children and immune-compromised individuals in Malawi. Handwashing with soap (HWWS) is one of the most cost-effective health interventions to prevent diarrhea. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Malawi has adopted a social marketing approach to achieve large-scale behavioral change for HWWS. The study, commissioned by UNICEF Malawi, was developed by PSI Malawi and Griffith University and conducted by PSI Malawi. Formative research insights using two research studies are presented including observations at 30 primary schools in terms of HWWS behavior. Second, key informant interviews with school administrators and staff members were conducted to understand HWWS motivation, opportunity, and ability factors. This study found less than half of the assessed schools had handwashing facilities. Structural barriers that prevent school children from practicing HWWS were identified including a lack of financial resources to construct permanent handwashing facilities in schools. Many schools also experience a lack of support from the community as citizens are not aware of the benefits of HWWS. Changes to school and community infrastructure are required to facilitate the adoption of the behavior. Supporting activities to encourage school children to practice HWWS and reinforcement strategies to sustain the behavior over time should also be implemented. School children can then become change agents for HWWS by reinforcing the behavior at home thereby contributing to the achievement of the national objectives to reduce diarrhea and leading to improved health and well-being for communities in Malawi.
Adolescents’ Help-Seeking Behavior and Intentions Following Adolescent Dating Violence: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bundock Kerrie , Chan Carmen , Hewitt Olivia
Published: April 2018

The review aimed to systematically identify and summarize empirical work examining adolescent victims’ help-seeking behaviors and intentions in relation to their own experience of adolescent dating violence (ADV) and to critically evaluate the literature. Three main objectives were addressed: identify factors associated with help seeking, identify help-seeking source (who adolescents disclose to), and explore the barriers and facilitators for help seeking. Results were separated into actual help seeking and help-seeking intentions. A systematic search was conducted via an electronic search on February 10, 2017. Studies were identified by systematically searching the following electronic databases: Amed, BNI, CINAHL, EMBASE, Health Business Elite, HMIC, Medline, PsychINFO, and PubMed. Nineteen studies were included in the review. Adolescents were more likely to go to informal sources of support, with friends being the most commonly reported source. The majority of studies found females were more likely than males to seek help; however, inconsistencies in gender differences emerged. The variation in measurement and definition of ADV and help seeking included in this review impacts on its conclusions. Adolescents identify a number of barriers to help seeking for ADV. Emotional factors were identified as important barriers to seeking help; however, very little research in this review explored this area. Further research is required on age and cultural differences, use of the Internet, and preference for different sources for different types of abuse. There is a need for a greater focus on help seeking to ensure government campaigns are appropriately meeting the needs of young people experiencing ADV.
Exosome: Function and Role in Cancer Metastasis and Drug Resistance
Authors: Zhang Chengcheng , Ji Qing , Yang Yue , Li Qi , Wang Zhongqi
Published: April 2018

As a kind of nanometric lipidic vesicles, exosomes have been presumed to play a leading role in the regulation of tumor microenvironment through exosomes-mediated transfer of proteins and genetic materials. Tumor-derived exosomes are recognized as a critical determinant of the tumor progression. Intriguingly, some current observations have identified that exosomes are essential for several intercellular exchanges of proteins, messenger RNAs, noncoding RNAs (including long noncoding RNAs and microRNAs) as well as to the process of cancer metastasis and drug resistance. Herein, we review the role of exosomes and their molecular cargos in cancer invasion and metastasis, summarize how they interact with antitumor agents, and highlight their translational implications.
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Enhances Motor Skill Learning but Not Generalization in Chronic Stroke
Authors: Hamoudi Manuela , Schambra Heidi M. , Fritsch Brita , Schoechlin-Marx Annika , Weiller Cornelius , Cohen Leonardo G. , Reis Janine
Published: April 2018

Background. Motor training alone or combined with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) positioned over the motor cortex (M1) improves motor function in chronic stroke. Currently, understanding of how tDCS influences the process of motor skill learning after stroke is lacking. Objective. To assess the effects of tDCS on the stages of motor skill learning and on generalization to untrained motor function. Methods. In this randomized, sham-controlled, blinded study of 56 mildly impaired chronic stroke patients, tDCS (anode over the ipsilesional M1 and cathode on the contralesional forehead) was applied during 5 days of training on an unfamiliar, challenging fine motor skill task (sequential visual isometric pinch force task). We assessed online and offline learning during the training period and retention over the following 4 months. We additionally assessed the generalization to untrained tasks. Results. With training alone (sham tDCS group), patients acquired a novel motor skill. This skill improved online, remained stable during the offline periods and was largely retained at follow-up. When tDCS was added to training (real tDCS group), motor skill significantly increased relative to sham, mostly in the online stage. Long-term retention was not affected by tDCS. Training effects generalized to untrained tasks, but those performance gains were not enhanced further by tDCS. Conclusions. Training of an unfamiliar skill task represents a strategy to improve fine motor function in chronic stroke. tDCS augments motor skill learning, but its additive effect is restricted to the trained skill.
Developing Resilience: Gay Men’s Response to Systemic Discrimination
Authors: Handlovsky Ingrid , Bungay Vicky , Oliffe John , Johnson Joy
Published: April 2018

Gay men experience marked health disparities compared to heterosexual men, associated with profound discrimination. Resilience as a concept has received growing attention to increase understanding about how gay men promote and protect their health in the presence of adversity. Missing in this literature are the perspectives and experiences of gay men over 40 years. This investigation, drawing on grounded theory methods, examined how gay men over 40 years of age develop resilience over the course of their lives to promote and protect their health. In-depth interviews were undertaken with 25 men ranging between 40 and 76 years of age who experienced an array of health concerns including depression, anxiety, suicidality, and HIV. Men actively resist discrimination via three interrelated protective processes that dynamically influence the development of resilience over their life course: (a) building and sustaining networks, (b) addressing mental health, and (c) advocating for respectful care encounters. Initiatives to promote and protect the health of gay men must be rooted in the recognition of the systemic role of discrimination, while supporting men’s resilience in actively resisting discrimination.
Partly systematic Luby transform codes based on improved progressive edge-growth algorithm for Mars communications
Authors: Wang Lina , Zhang Hang , Li Yaoyao , An Tianyu
Published: April 2018

The Luby transform code is a forward error correction code and was originally designed for the erasure channel. In this paper, the Luby transform codes over the Mars communication channel are investigated. To guarantee the reliable data transmission over the Mars communication channel which are usually affected by fading and noises, the progressive edge-growth algorithm is improved and used in for encoding the Luby transform codes. And then a partly systematic Luby transform code with an improved progressive edge-growth algorithm is designed to improve the error propagation phenomenon in Mars communications. Performance evaluations of the designed partly systematic Luby transform code based on the random graph, PEG and improved progressive edge-growth algorithms, respectively, are conducted through a series of simulations. Simulation results show that the performance of the partly systematic Luby transform code based on the improved progressive edge-growth algorithm outperforms those of the partly systematic Luby transform code based on two other algorithms and has the lower bit error rate and overhead.
Current concepts in migraine and their relevance to pregnancy
Authors: Afridi Shazia K
Published: April 2018

The prevalence of migraine in women of childbearing age is high, estimated at 24%. Migraine management during pregnancy and lactation can be challenging. Our understanding of the way in which medications affect the unborn fetus is still incomplete and the evidence is constantly changing with more recent emphasis on longitudinal studies and childhood development. The aim of this article is to describe the relationship between migraine and pregnancy and review the current evidence on treatment options in pregnancy and lactation.
‘You can’t stand on a corner and talk about it …’: Medicinal cannabis use, impression management and the analytical status of interviews
Authors: Morris Craig
Published: April 2018

In this article, I examine how four medicinal cannabis users used impression management during in-depth, qualitative interviews to attend to self-presentational concerns. I examine the rhetorical strategies and narratives articulated by the participants while also attending to the role that I played in co-construction as the interviewer. Later I discuss how, although the participants’ accounts are occasioned by the interviews, they can still provide significant insights into the social worlds of the participants beyond the interviews. While discussions about whether to treat interviews as topic, resource or both are not new, I argue that we can treat interviews as both topic and resource because impression management is a product of the individual’s habitus and it and the accounts it produces are part of their social world.
Risk Factors for Perioperative Complications in Morbidly Obese Patients Undergoing Elective Posterior Lumbar Fusion
Authors: Ranson William A. , Cheung Zoe B. , Di Capua John , Lee Nathan J. , Ukogu Chierika , Jacobs Samantha , Vig Khushdeep S. , Kim Jun S. , White Samuel J. W. , Cho Samuel K.
Published: April 2018

Study Design:

Retrospective cohort study.

Objectives:

The prevalence of obesity-related low back pain and degenerative disc disease is on the rise. Past studies have demonstrated that obesity is associated with higher perioperative complication rates, but there remains a gap in the literature regarding additional risk factors that further predispose this already high-risk patient population to poor surgical outcomes following elective posterior lumbar fusion (PLF). The aim of the study is to identify independent risk factors for poor 30-day perioperative outcomes in morbidly obese patients undergoing elective PLF.

Methods:

We identified 22 909 patients in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database who underwent elective PLF. There were 1861 morbidly obese patients. Baseline patient demographics and medical comorbidities were collected. Univariate analysis was performed to compare perioperative complication rates between non-morbidly obese and morbidly obese patients. The 5 most common complications in the morbidly obese group were then selected for multivariate regression analysis to identify independent risk factors for poor 30-day outcomes.

Results:

Morbidly obese patients had a higher perioperative complication rate. The 5 most common complications were prolonged hospitalization, blood transfusion, readmission, wound complications, and reoperation. Independent risk factors for these complications were age ≥65 years, super obesity (ie, BMI > 48.6), chronic steroid use, American Society of Anesthesiology classification ≥3, poor functional status, long length of fusion ≥4 levels, and extended operative time (ie, operative time ≥318 minutes).

Conclusions:

Morbidly obese patients are at higher risk of perioperative complications following elective PLF. Modifiable risk factors for the most common complications are obesity and preoperative steroid use.
Mental health law in Cyprus
Authors: Palazidou Eleni , Polyniki Anna
Published: April 2018

The current Law for Psychiatric Care in the Republic of Cyprus was enacted in 1997 with amendments made in 2003 and 2007. The mental health law makes provision for the development and function of Psychiatric Centres for the care of the mentally ill. In contrast to the old Mental Health Law there is a major shift from a custodial approach to community care. Compulsory admissions under the Act, which require a Court Order, are made to a designated secure psychiatric in-patient unit. The protection of patients' human rights is at the core of the Act.

The Mental Health Commission, a Supervisory Committee and designated body for the Protection of the Rights of the Mentally Ill, assists in the correct implementation of the Mental Health Law. The Commission has a primarily advisory role but it is actively involved in monitoring the implementation of the Mental Health Law.
Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Sulfation Regulates Uterine Differentiation and Signaling During Embryo Implantation
Authors: Yin Yan , Wang Adam , Feng Li , Wang Yu , Zhang Hong , Zhang Ivy , Bany Brent M , Ma Liang
Published: April 2018

To prepare for embryo implantation, the uterus must undergo a series of reciprocal interactions between the uterine epithelium and the underlying stroma, which are orchestrated by ovarian hormones. During this process, multiple signaling pathways are activated to direct cell proliferation and differentiation, which render the uterus receptive to the implanting blastocysts. One important modulator of these signaling pathways is the cell surface and extracellular matrix macromolecules, heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). HSPGs play crucial roles in signal transduction by regulating morphogen transport and ligand binding. In this study, we examine the role of HSPG sulfation in regulating uterine receptivity by conditionally deleting the N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase (NDST) 1 gene (Ndst1) in the mouse uterus using the Pgr-Cre driver, on an Ndst2- and Ndst3-null genetic background. Although development of the female reproductive tract and subsequent ovarian function appear normal in Ndst triple-knockout females, they are infertile due to implantation defects. Embryo attachment appears to occur but the uterine epithelium at the site of implantation persists rather than disintegrates in the mutant. Uterine epithelial cells continued to proliferate past day 4 of pregnancy, accompanied by elevated Fgf2 and Fgf9 expression, whereas uterine stroma failed to undergo decidualization, as evidenced by lack of Bmp2 induction. Despite normal Indian hedgehog expression, transcripts of Ptch1 and Gli1, both components as well as targets of the hedgehog (Hh) pathway, were detected only in the subepithelial stroma, indicating altered Hh signaling in the mutant uterus. Taken together, these data implicate an essential role for HSPGs in modulating signal transduction during mouse implantation.
Feeder-free differentiation of cells exhibiting characteristics of corneal endothelium from human induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Wagoner Michael D. , Bohrer Laura R. , Aldrich Benjamin T. , Greiner Mark A. , Mullins Robert F. , Worthington Kristan S. , Tucker Budd A. , Wiley Luke A.
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this study was to devise a strategy for the derivation of corneal endothelial cells (CEnCs) from adult fibroblast-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). IPSCs were generated from an adult human with normal ocular history via expression of OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and c-MYC. Neural crest cells (NCCs) were differentiated from iPSCs via addition of CHIR99021 and SB4315542. NCCs were driven toward a CEnC fate via addition of B27, PDGF-BB and DKK-2 to CEnC media. Differentiation of NCCs and CEnCs was evaluated via rt-PCR, morphological and immunocytochemical analysis. At 17 days post-NCC induction, there were notable changes in cell morphology and upregulation of the neural crest lineage transcripts PAX3, SOX9, TFAP2A, SOX10 and p75NTR and the proteins p75/NGFR and SOX10. Exposure of NCCs to B27, PDGF-BB and DKK-2 induced a shift in morphology from a spindle-shaped neural phenotype to a tightly-packed hexagonal appearance and increased expression of the transcripts ATP1A1, COL8A1, COL8A2, AQP1 and CDH2 and the proteins, ZO-1, N-Cad, AQP-1 and Na+/K+ATPase. Replacement of NCC media with CEnC media on day 3, 5 or 8 reduced the differentiation time needed to yield CEnCs. IPSC-derived CEnCs could be used for evaluation of cornea endothelial disease pathophysiology and for testing of novel therapeutics.
Osteoblast differentiation of equine induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Baird Arabella , Lindsay Timothy , Everett Alice , Iyemere Valentine , Paterson Yasmin Z. , McClellan Alyce , Henson Frances M. D. , Guest Deborah J.
Published: April 2018

Bone fractures occur in horses following traumatic and non-traumatic (bone overloading) events. They can be difficult to treat due to the need for the horse to bear weight on all legs during the healing period. Regenerative medicine to improve fracture union and recovery could significantly improve horse welfare.

Equine induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have previously been derived. Here we show that equine iPSCs cultured for 21 days in osteogenic induction media on an OsteoAssay surface upregulate the expression of osteoblast associated genes and proteins, including COL1A1, SPARC, SPP1, IBSP, RUNX2 and BGALP.

We also demonstrate that iPSC-osteoblasts are able to produce a mineralised matrix with both calcium and hydroxyapatite deposition. Alkaline phosphatase activity is also significantly increased during osteoblast differentiation.

Although the genetic background of the iPSC donor animal affects the level of differentiation observed after 21 days of differentiation, less variation between lines of iPSCs derived from the same horse was observed.

The successful, direct, differentiation of equine iPSCs into osteoblasts may provide a source of cells for future regenerative medicine strategies to improve fracture repair in horses undergoing surgery. iPSC-derived osteoblasts will also provide a potential tool to study equine bone development and disease.
High-Intensity Interval Training in the Real World: Outcomes from a 12-Month Intervention in Overweight Adults
Authors: ROY MELYSSA , WILLIAMS SHEILA M. , BROWN RACHEL C. , MEREDITH-JONES KIM A. , OSBORNE HAMISH , JOSPE MICHELLE , TAYLOR RACHAEL W.
Published: April 2018

Purpose

Although high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous exercise have comparable health outcomes in the laboratory setting, effectiveness studies in real-world environments are lacking. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of an unsupervised HIIT program in overweight/obese adults over 12 months.

Methods

Two hundred and fifty overweight/obese adults could choose HIIT or current exercise guidelines of 30 min·d−1 moderate-intensity exercise. HIIT participants received a single training session and were advised to independently perform HIIT three times per week using a variety of protocols. Mixed models, with a random effect for participant, compared differences in weight, body composition, blood pressure, aerobic fitness, physical activity, and blood indices at 12 months, adjusting for relevant baseline variables.

Results

Forty-two percent (n = 104) of eligible participants chose HIIT in preference to current guidelines. At 12 months, there were no differences between exercise groups in weight (adjusted difference HIIT vs conventional = −0.44 kg; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −2.5 to 1.6) or visceral fat (−103 cm3; −256 to 49), although HIIT participants reported greater enjoyment of physical activity (P = 0.01). Evidence of adherence to ≥2 sessions per week of unsupervised HIIT (from HR monitoring) declined from 60.8% at baseline to 19.6% by 12 months. Participants remaining adherent to HIIT over 12 months (23%) were more likely to be male (67% vs 36%, P = 0.03), with greater reductions in weight (−2.7 kg; −5.2 to 0.2) and visceral fat (−292 cm3; −483 to −101) than nonadherent participants.

Conclusions

HIIT was well accepted by overweight adults, and opting for HIIT as an alternative to standard exercise recommendations led to no difference in health outcomes after 12 months. Although regular participation in unsupervised HIIT declined rapidly, those apparently adherent to regular HIIT demonstrated beneficial weight loss and visceral fat reduction.

Trial Registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12615000010594), retrospectively registered.
Heat Loss Is Impaired in Older Men on the Day after Prolonged Work in the Heat
Authors: NOTLEY SEAN R. , MEADE ROBERT D. , D’SOUZA ANDREW W. , FRIESEN BRIAN J. , KENNY GLEN P.
Published: April 2018

Purpose

Prolonged work in the heat may exacerbate the rise in core temperature on the next work day, especially in older workers who display impairments in whole-body heat loss that increase body heat storage and core temperature relative to young adults during heat stress. We therefore evaluated whether whole-body heat loss in older adults was impaired on the day after prolonged work in the heat.

Methods

Whole-body heat exchange and heat storage were assessed in nine older (53–64 yr) men during three 30-min bouts of semirecumbent cycling at fixed rates of metabolic heat production (150 [Ex1], 200 [Ex2], 250 W·m−2 [Ex3]), each separated by 15-min recovery, in hot-dry conditions (40°C, 20% relative humidity), immediately before (day 1), and on the day after (day 2) a prolonged, work simulation (~7.5 h) involving moderate-intensity intermittent exercise in hot-dry conditions (38°C, 34% relative humidity). Total heat loss (evaporative ± dry heat exchange) and metabolic heat production were measured using direct and indirect calorimetry, respectively. Body heat storage was quantified as the temporal summation of heat production and loss.

Results

Total heat loss (mean ± SD) during Ex1 did not differ between days 1 and 2 (151 ± 15 and 147 ± 14 W·m−2, respectively; P = 0.27), but was attenuated on day 2 during Ex2 (181 ± 15 W·m−2) and Ex3 (218 ± 16 W·m−2) relative to day 1 (192 ± 14 and 230 ± 19 W·m−2, respectively; both P < 0.01). Consequently, body heat storage throughout the protocol on day 2 (276 ± 114 kJ) was 31% greater than on day 1 (191 ± 87 kJ; P < 0.01).

Conclusions

Prolonged work in the heat causes next-day impairments in whole-body heat loss, which exacerbate heat storage and may elevate the risk of heat injury on the following day in older workers.
Community-associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection Rates and Management among Student-Athletes
Authors: BRAUN TIM , KAHANOV LEAMOR
Published: April 2018

Purpose

Although community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infections have reduced among inpatient populations, the incidence in athletics continues to range greatly dependent on the sport. Over the 2015 to 2016 and 2016 to 2017 school years, we assessed the annual CA-MRSA incidence, sport risk, referral practices, and management protocols or interventions among high school and intercollegiate athletics.

Methods

This study targeted high school and intercollegiate athletic programs across the United States. For the 2015 to 2016 study, 269 athletic trainers completed a one-time questionnaire. In the 2016 to 2017 study, 217 athletic trainers reported data bimonthly during the academic year. Each questionnaire targeted demographic information, physician-confirmed CA-MRSA infection occurrence, and management of CA-MRSA infections and bacterial skin lesions.

Results

The CA-MRSA infection incidence was 26.8 per 10,000 athletes (95% confidence interval [CI], 24–30) in 2015–2016 and 20.3 per 10,000 athletes (95% CI, 18–23) in 2016–2017. The CA-MRSA infection incidence was high in wrestling and football compared to the general student-athlete population. During the 2015 to 2016 study, the wrestling incidence rate was 248.3 per 10,000 (95% CI, 204–302); the football incidence rate was 71.0 per 10,000 (95% CI, 60–85). In the 2016 to 2017 study, the wrestling incidence rate was 100.0 per 10,000 (95% CI, 66–151); the football incidence rate was 81.8 per 10,000 (95% CI, 68–99). At least 23% of respondents denoted at least one physician-confirmed CA-MRSA infection within their populations (2015–2016, 39%, n = 105; 2016–2017, 23.5%, n = 51). In the 2015 to 2016 survey, respondents indicated that athlete education and environmental decontamination were the most used management steps (51.8%, n = 582).

Conclusions

Despite increased awareness of CA-MRSA, more educational efforts focusing on best practices and education are needed, especially with athletes and the medical community involved in their care.
Primeiro registro de Corydalus peruvianus Davis (Megaloptera: Coridalidae: Coridalinae) no Brasil
Authors: Gama Neto Jaime de Liege , Passos Mahedy Araujo Bastos
Published: April 2018

Registra-se pela primeira vez no Brasil o megaloptera Corydalus peruvianus ampliando a distribuição geográfica da espécie na América do Sul. Adicionalmente, são fornecidas informações sobre o ambiente e a qualidade da água do local onde a espécie foi coletada.
Fit for purpose? Evaluation of CPD courses for nurses in an Irish university teaching hospital
Authors: Ryder Mary , Browne Freda , Galvin Cáit , Leonard Orla , O'Reilly Jody
Published: April 2018

Introduction:

acute tertiary hospitals require knowledgeable, skilled registered nurses to care for patients in specialist areas. It is also a professional responsibility that nurses maintain skills and competence. This article reports on stage 1 of an action research study to evaluate the delivery of continuing professional development (CPD) courses for registered nurses in an acute hospital in Ireland.

Methods:

an audit and qualitative self-reporting questionnaire was used to obtain data. The questionnaire focused on the areas of teaching learning and outcomes. Overall, five CPD courses, each of 26 weeks' duration, were evaluated.

Results:

teaching delivery was all didactic and was delivered primarily by clinical staff with expert knowledge and skills, but the teaching approaches varied. The curriculum content was identified as excessive and at a high level for an introductory course, with a large volume of classroom-based theoretical delivery. Participant learning was reported as excellent in the clinical areas; however, this was counterbalanced by heavy workloads and staffing shortages. Participant motivation was also found to influence learning. From an outcome perspective the development of new knowledge and skills was reported in participants who had undertaken the courses, and participants reported that the CPD courses assisted in recruitment and retention.

Conclusion:

although many positive aspects of the CPD courses were identified, it is clear that some changes were required with particular reference to theoretical delivery and curriculum content.
Fluid therapy and shock: an integrative literature review
Authors: Silva Joana , Gonçalves Luís , Sousa Patrícia Pontífice
Published: April 2018

Background:

shock refers to a physiological situation that puts life at risk. Its early identification and the timely institution of therapeutic measures can avoid death. Despite the frequent administration of fluid therapy as a treatment for shock, the type and dose of fluids to be delivered remain undetermined.

Aim:

to determine the type of fluids to be administered and the type of approach to be performed in the different types of shock.

Method:

integrative literature review.

Results:

data about fluid therapy in hypovolaemic and distributive shock were obtained, specifically in the haemorrhagic and the septic types. None of the articles addressed cardiogenic shock.

Conclusion:

hypotensive resuscitation, with blood, is the most appropriate approach in haemorrhagic shock. There remains a question regarding the best approach in septic shock. However, conservative fluid therapy seems to be appropriate, with preference given to the administration of balanced crystalloids or albumin as an alternative.
Reducing harm to patients caused by avoidable adverse drug reactions
Authors: Glasper Alan
Published: April 2018

Emeritus Professor Alan Glasper, from the University of Southampton, discusses a research report on the causes and effects of avoidable adverse drug reactions and drug errors on NHS patients in England
Clinical use of closed-system safety peripheral intravenous cannulas
Authors: Barton Andrew
Published: April 2018

Peripheral intravenous (IV) cannulas are the quickest and most effective way of gaining venous vascular access and administering IV therapy. Closed-system peripheral IV cannulas have been shown to be safe and more reliable than open, non-valved peripheral cannulas in clinical practice. This article introduces the Smiths Medical DeltaVen closed-system peripheral IV cannula and includes three case studies describing its use in clinical practice and associated patient outcomes.
ORGANIZACIÓN Y FUNCIONAMIENTO DE LOS CENTROS EDUCATIVOS DE FORMACIÓN PROFESIONAL BÁSICA
Authors: Aramendi Jauregui Pedro , Lizasoain Hernández Luis , Lukas Mujika Jose Francisco
Published: April 2018

INTRODUCCIÓN. La organización y el funcionamiento de los centros de iniciación profesional son elementos determinantes para el logro de los objetivos de estos programas. En la provincia de Gipuzkoa, los programas de Formación Profesional Básica dependen de los municipios y mancomunidades, organizaciones sin ánimo de lucro e Institutos de Enseñanza Secundaria. Existen, por tanto, diversidad de centros y configuraciones organizativas que pueden dar lugar a modelos de organización diferentes. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el funcionamiento de los centros de Formación Profesional Básica de Gipuzkoa en el área organizativa, curricular y de la orientación educativa. MÉTODO. Para recopilar información sobre las dimensiones del estudio, se elaboró un cuestionario que fue administrado al profesorado de estos programas. Las principales dimensiones del instrumento son las siguientes: datos generales, apoyos recibidos por parte de las diferentes Administraciones, proyecto de centro, área curricular, orientación educativa y satisfacción docente. RESULTADOS. El funcionamiento de los centros de Formación Profesional Básica está relacionado con la satisfacción del docente como profesional, el nivel de logro de objetivos de la institución educativa, las tutorías desarrolladas en clase y el rendimiento del alumnado. Los centros que dependen de la Administración local participan en mayor medida en las actividades del Consejo Escolar Municipal y con las asociaciones sociales y culturales del municipio y el nivel de logro de los objetivos del centro es mayor que en los tutelados por el gobierno autonómico. DISCUSIÓN. Los centros de Formación Profesional Básica deben convertirse, además de en un recurso formativo, en impulsores de la participación e interacción entre las instituciones comunitarias para dar respuesta a las variadas y complejas necesidades formativas de un numeroso colectivo de estudiantes en riesgo de exclusión educativa y social.
MANIFESTAÇÕES ARTÍSTICAS NO ESPAÇO PÚBLICO: TÓPICOS INICIAIS
Authors: Furtado Leonardo De Jesus
Published: April 2018

Um texto que sugere tópicos iniciais para se pensar de forma crítica a inserçãode práticas artísticas no espaço público e as suas relações com a arquitetura e o urbanismo, apresentando uma discussão sobre cada um dos assuntos e estabelecendo uma conexão entre eles com o amparo de uma revisão de literatura.Palavras-chave: espaço público, arte pública, arte urbana, escala, memória.
ARQUITETURA E IMAGEM: A LIQUIDEZ DA REALIDADE
Authors: Zanella Arthur Simon
Published: April 2018

O presente artigo visa uma abordagem exploratória das interfaces entre a arquitetura e conteúdos audiovisuais em busca de novas interpretações do que seria o próprio ofício do arquiteto, diante de uma gama crescente de tecnologias imagéticas que ultrapassam a noção bidimensional ou decorativa para tornarem-se parte essencial da espacialidade. Para tanto é feita uma classificação das relações entre o sujeito, o espaço e a imagem a partir dos instrumentos audiovisuais de reprodução utilizados e então são traçadas questões filosóficas que surgem ao se encarar essas classificações como premissas de concepção espacial. Conceituando-se em autores que já estudaram as áreas da liquidez social, e das novas tecnologias que envolvam a arquitetura e o audiovisual, conclui-se que há demanda por uma revisão acadêmica e profissional do que é compreendido como papel de cada profissional da área de desenho espacial.Palavras-chave: arquitetura, audiovisual, realidade virtual.
Projetando lugares com idosos: uma análise da produção acadêmica nacional
Authors: Pereira Gisele , Portella Adriana , Sopeña Sirlene , Chiarelli Lígia , Correa Celina , Costa Tanara , Libardoni Thaís , Saffer Medvedoski Nirce , Woolrych Ryan , Sixsmith Judith
Published: April 2018

Este estudo tem como objetivo apresentar um panorama da produção acadêmica nacional sobre a relação entre idosos e senso de lugar. Para isso, foram utilizadas as seguintes fontes de busca: o Portal de Periódicos e o Banco de Teses e Dissertações da CAPES. As palavras-chave empregadas foram: envelhecimento; idosos; cidades amigas do envelhecimento; senso de lugar; e desenho urbano. No total, 68 bibliografias foram examinadas (42 artigos, 14 teses e 12 dissertações). Com o propósito de guiar a coleta de estudos foi produzida uma planilha, contemplando os seguintes aspectos: palavras-chave, áreas de conhecimento, métodos, barreiras e facilitadores de ambientes amigáveis ao envelhecimento. Os resultados destacaram algumas barreiras e facilitadores de tais ambientes. Entre os facilitadores, destacam-se o desenho universal e a acessibilidade. Em termos de barreiras, ressaltam-se as barreiras arquitetônicas, sujeira e insegurança em locais públicos, preconceito, insuficiência familiar e dependência, os quais afetam negativamente o envelhecimento no lugar. Palavras-chave: idosos, senso de lugar, produção acadêmica nacional.
GOIÂNIA: ART DÉCO COMO SÍMBOLO DE MODERNIDADE
Authors: Azevedo Angélica Fernandes , Carsalade Flávio De Lemos
Published: April 2018

Goiânia, nova capital do Estado de Goiás, é concebida segundo os princípios de modernidade em voga na década de 30. Os símbolos de modernidade são conferidos através de um plano urbanístico racional com ideais higienistas e com as aspirações desenvolvimentistas que poderiam advir de uma nova capital moderna no Estado.  A arquitetura em estilo Art Déco traz a modernidade da época em contraposição à antiga capital, cidade de Goiás, de aspecto colonial. O presente artigo pretende, compreender como esta herança atua na construção identitária da sua população. A hipótese é de que a pós-modernidade, diante dos efeitos de globalização e de efemeridade, permite dois distintos movimentos sociais goianienses: o sentimento de apego ou a negação do passado simbolizado pelo acervo Art Déco goianiense.Palavras-chave: Art Déco; Modernidade; Pós-modernidade.
SAMBANDO NA CARA DO MACHISMO
Authors: Mendes Bruna Da Rosa , Mecabô Marina , Jeske Allana Da Costa
Published: April 2018

Relato de uma intervenção urbana que ocorreu durante o carnaval na cidade de Pelotas/RS. Visando conscientizar a população e provocar questionamentos a cerca dos assédios que ocorrem utilizamos lambe-lambes como forma de expressão para exigir mais respeito.
FOTOGRAFIA E ARQUITETURA
Authors: Fuão Fernando Freitas
Published: April 2018

Texto publicado originalmente no blog , em 22 de outubro de 2012.Palavras-chave: arquitetura, fotografia, arte.
BNH E O FESTIVAL DA CASA PRÓPRIA
Authors: Ritter Carolina , Castro Gonsales Celia Helena
Published: April 2018

A principal reflexão que o artigo se propõe a fazer é em relação à construção, a partir dosanos 60 no Brasil, do mito da Casa Própria e o papel das políticas habitacionais e da mídianessa construção. Nesse contexto, serão abordadas principalmente as problemáticasdos projetos desenvolvidos durante o período conhecido como BNH (Banco Nacional da Habitação), iniciado em 1964. Em contraposição, serão apresentadas alternativas em relação ao modelo BNH – principalmente as cooperativas habitacionais uruguaias -, e também, alternativas à Casa Própria no contexto de políticas habitacionais.Palavras-chave: BNH, Festival da Casa Própria, ooperativas habitacionais uruguaias.
UMA BREVE REFLEXÃO SOBRE AS TRÊS ECOLOGIAS E O CURTA “RECIFE FRIO”
Authors: Mendonça Fernandes Vinícius
Published: April 2018

Este artigo tem como objetivo relacionar as visões de três autores que versam deassuntos que se inter-relacionam fortemente no mundo contemporâneo. A partirda visão passada pelo curta metragem “Recife Frio” dirigido por Kléber MendonçaFilho, relacionam-se alguns trechos do filme com as ideias centrais do livro “As trêsecologias” de Félix Guattari e com o conceito de “Liquidez” do filósofo Bauman. Os três versam sobre questões contemporâneas nos âmbitos ambientais e socioculturais, e olhando para essas questões com idéias semelhantes que podem ser aproximadas.Os três fazem críticas ao estilo de vida contemporâneo, pouco preocupado com asustentabilidade das relações sociais e com a preservação do ambiente natural.Palavras-chave: Recife Frio, as três ecologias, liquidez.