bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A systematic approach to illuminate a new hot spot of avian influenza circulation in South Vietnam
Authors: Le Kien , Stevenson Mark , Isoda Norikazu , Chu Huy , Nguyen Tien , Nguyen Long , Tien Tien , Le Trung , Matsuno Keita , Okamatsu Masatoshi , Sakoda Yoshihiro
Published: April 2021

In South Vietnam, live bird markets (LBMs) are key in the value chain of
poultry products and spread of avian influenza virus (AIV) although they
may not be the sole factor to determine avian influenza (AI) prevalence
in the southern part. Therefore, a risk analysis of AIV spread was
conducted by including all possible value chain factors. A
cross-sectional study was performed in backyard farms, high-biosecurity
farms (bio-farms), LBMs, and poultry delivery stations (PDSs) in the
four districts of Vinh Long Province in December 2016 and August 2017. A
total of 3 597 swab samples were collected from individual poultry at
101 backyard farms, 50 bio-farms, 58 sellers in LBMs, and 17 traders in
PDSs and then investigated for AIV isolation. Concurrently, information
related to participants and birds was collected and used to identify the
fixed and random effects of factors in AIV infection. A total of 274
birds were positive for virus isolation, with a prevalence of 7.6%
(95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.8–8.5) at the individual poultry
level, and the adjusted prevalence based on the sampling weight was
7.9% (95% CI: 7.6–8.2). The significantly higher prevalence in PDSs
(20.7%) and LBMs (14.2%) compared to backyard farms (3.0%) and
bio-farms (0.6%) suggested that PDSs are another hot spot for AIV
circulation. The high diversity in the seller and trader population
characteristics was revealed using multiple-correspondence analysis to
analyze the participants’ demographic factors in LBM and PDS. The
mixed-effect logistic regression model revealed that keeping duck at the
sampling time and the owner’s older age should be risk factors of AIV
infection in PDS. Therefore, functional AI control efforts to monitor
the PDS system should be emphasized to minimize AIV circulation risk in
Vietnam.
Identification of Time-varying Parameters of a Monthly Budyko Function and its Implications
Authors: Liu Weibo , Liu Pan , Cheng Lei , Zhang Xiaojing , Zhou Liting
Published: April 2021

The Budyko framework, which can describe a simple but useful
partitioning of precipitation under supply and energy limits, is used
widely to estimate evapotranspiration (ET). Previous studies have
investigated time-variant Budyko functions on annual or interannual
scales but seldom on the intra-annual scale. This study used a monthly
two-parameter ( κ and y) Budyko function and three
schemes that considered single observations (ET or streamflow (Q)) and
dual observations (ET and Q) to assimilate the time-varying parameters
using the ensemble Kalman filter method. The study considered the
contiguous USA (CONUS) using the Model Parameter Estimation Experiment
dataset. The time-varying parameters were explained on the basis of time
series analysis and correlation with meteorological data. Three
conclusions were as follows. (1) The identified time-varying parameters
( κ and y) of the Budyko function could effectively
simulate ET. (2) The assimilation using only ET observations could
identify a plausible set for parameter κ but was inadequate for
y . (3) Most time-varying parameters exhibited a
12-month period, and the trend and change points detected for Midwest
CONUS were related to anthropogenic influences such as extraction and
use of groundwater. The findings show that changing environment can be
detected by using the proposed time-varying parameters of the Budyko
function.
Prognostic Importance of Thrombospondin-1, VEGF, PDGFR- β in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Cases
Authors: batman adnan , Çiftçiler Rafiye , Atesoglu Elif Birtas , Hacihanefiogullari Abdullah
Published: April 2021

Purpose: We aimed to investigate the relationship between the staining
rates of thrombospondin-1, VEGF and PDGFR-in tissue preparations in
patients diagnosed with DLBCL as a result of lymphadenopathy biopsy and
their clinical features at the time of diagnosis, response to treatment
and prognosis. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, a total of 44
patients with a diagnosis of DLBCL, 24 male and 20 female, and 13
patients diagnosed with control reactive lymphadenopathy, 6 male and 7
female were enrolled. After the pathology preparations of the patient
and control groups were stained immunohistochemically with VEGF,
PDGFR-β, thrombospondin-1 stains, the clinical characteristics of the
patients and the relationship between survival analysis and staining
rates were analyzed statistically. Results: When the patients were
compared with the control group in terms of VEGF, PDGFR-β,
thrombospondin-1 staining rates, we found that staining with PDGFR-β was
lower in patients (p = 0.009). Although it was not statistically
significant for PDGFR-β, it was observed that 5-year OS and PFS values
were low in patients with high levels of expression, on the contrary,
5-year OS was low in patients with high thrombospondin staining rate. A
negative correlation was seen between thrombospondin-1 and PDGFR-β
(p=0.003, r=-0.440). Conclusion: As a result, although no relationship
was found between VEGF and survival in our study, it was observed that
PDGFR-β and thrombospondin-1 were effective in prognosis. A negative
correlation was seen between thrombospondin-1 and PDGFR-β.
Treatment outcome of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients: A retrospective analysis in a resource-limited setting
Authors: Cheong Chin Sum , Aziz Tengku Ahmad Hidayat Tengku K , Anuar Nur Adila , chong bee , Chin Edmund Fui Min , Khairullah Shasha , Liong Chee Chiat , Gan Gin Gin
Published: April 2021

Multiple myeloma is the third most common hematologic malignancy in
Malaysia. The introduction of novel agents over the past decades has
improved patient outcome and survival substantially. The usage of novel
agents can be financially taxing, and hence resources limit its use.
This study aims to report on the real-world treatment outcome when
resources are limited. This is a retrospective study on newly diagnosed
multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients diagnosed between 1 January 2008 and 31
December 2018 in a single academic center. Patients demographic and type
of treatment were included for analysis of progression free survival and
overall survival. Ninety-eight NDMM patients with a median age of 63.5
(ranged from 38 to 87 years old) were included. Half of the total
patients received bortezomib-containing regimens while 40.8% received
thalidomide-containing regimens, and remaining 9.2% had other agents as
induction. Forty-seven patients (48.0%) achieved very good partial
response (VGPR) or complete remission (CR), while remaining 51 patients
(52.0%) have achieved partial response (PR) at best during induction
therapy. Bortezomib use was associated with significantly deeper
(p=0.001) and more rapid response (p=0.005) compared to other agents.
Five-year OS and PFS were 45.3% and 18.4%, respectively. Triplet
regimen, best initial response and upfront ASCT were significantly
associated with better PFS. In conclusion, deep response significantly
affects PFS and OS in NDMM patients. Thus, one of the goals of treatment
is to ensure earlier and deeper response by including bortezomib as part
of triplet combination in upfront therapy, followed by ASCT for those
who are fit. This is feasible in a resource limited country such as
Malaysia, especially there is a cheaper generic formulation.
Systematic review of the effects of antimicrobial cycling on bacterial resistance rates within hospital settings
Authors: Chatzopoulou Marianneta , Reynolds Lucy
Published: April 2021

Aim Antimicrobial resistance is an evolving phenomenon with alarming
public health consequences. Antibiotic cycling is a widely known
antimicrobial stewardship initiative which encompasses periodical shifts
in empirical treatment protocols with the aim to limit selective
pressures on bacterial populations. Nonetheless, mathematical models
have challenged its presumable efficacy by favouring a higher
heterogeneity in antibiotic administration. We present a review of the
evidence regarding the actual impact of antimicrobial cycling on
bacterial resistance control within hospitals. Methods A systematic
literature review was conducted using the PubMed/MedLine, Embase, CINAHL
Plus and Global Health databases. Results A systematic search process
retrieved a sole randomised study, and so we broadened inclusion
criteria to encompass quasi-experimental designs. Fifteen studies formed
our dataset including seven prospective trials and eight
before-and-after studies. Nine studies evaluated cycling versus a
control group and produced conflicting results whilst three studies
compared cycling with antibiotic mixing, with none of the strategies
appearing superior. The rest evaluated resistance dynamics of each of
the on-cycle antibiotics with contradictory findings. Research protocols
differed in parameters such as the cycle length, the choice of
antibiotics, the opportunity to de-escalate to narrow-spectrum agents
and the measurement of indicators of collateral damage. This limited our
ability to evaluate the replicability of findings and the overall policy
effects. Conclusions Dearth of robust designs and standardised protocols
limits our ability to reach safe conclusions. Nonetheless, in view of
the available data we find no reason to believe that cycling should be
expected to improve antibiotic resistance rates within hospitals.
EKG Findings Mimicking Pericarditis and STEMI in a patient with Ventricular Preexcitation: A Case Report
Authors: Rehman Ibraheem , Braiteh Nabil , Gorsi Umama , Rehman Afzal Ur
Published: April 2021

Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is an electrical conduction
abnormality of the heart in which atrial impulses are transmitted to the
ventricle through an accessory pathway, leading to supraventricular
tachycardia [1]. On EKG, WPW presents with shortened PR interval,
widened QRS, and a characteristic delta wave. Here, we present the case
of 44-year-old African American male with a history of preexcitation/WPW
pattern and no known history of coronary artery disease who came to the
hospital complaining of atypical chest pain. He had transient ST
elevation in beats with delta waves, both in the ambulance and emergency
room EKGs (Figure 1 and 2) . Five minutes later, a repeat EKG
showed ST elevation along with PR depression mimicking pericarditis
(Figure 4) . Cardiac enzymes remained normal. EKG stress test
with myocardial perfusion imaging was negative for ischemia and
echocardiogram was normal.
Effects of oxidation of SiC aggregates on the sintering behaviour and microstructures of SiC-CaAl12O19 composite refractories
Authors: Si Yaochen , Xia Miao , Li Hongxia , Sun Honggang , Guo Ang , Du Yihao , Zhao Shixian , Shang Xinlian , Chen Yongqiang
Published: April 2021

In order to develop chrome-free refractory materials applicable in coal
slurry gasification, SiC-CaAl12O19 (SiC-CA6) composite refractories were
developed and prepared by using SiC aggregates and CA6 powders as main raw
materials. The sintering behaviour of the composites was investigated. After
firing at different temperatures under CO atmosphere, the effects of
oxidation of SiC aggregates on the sintering behaviour and microstructures
of SiC-CA6 composite refractorieswere investigated. SiC-CA6 composites could
not be sintered when firing temperature was lower than 1500?C. SiC had a
passive oxidation and the oxidation components were able to react with CA6
to form CaAl2Si2O8. The CaAl2Si2O8 melted into liquid when sintering
temperature was in the range of 1500-1600?C, which promoted the sintering
process of the SiC-CA6 composites. At temperatures above 1600 ?C, an active
oxidation of SiC occurred. Simultaneously, SiC could also reacted with the
SiO2(s,l) to form SiO, leading to the precipitation of Al2O3 and CaO in the
liquid to generate plate-like CA6. Above this temperature, the sintering of
the SiC-CA6 composite refractories was affected by the growth of CA6 and
oxidation of SiC. This work demonstrates that the optimal sintering
temperature for the SiC-CA6 composite refractories was 1600?C.
Molten salt synthesis of TiB2 nanopowder by reduction of TiO2 with MgB2
Authors: Shah Liaqat
Published: April 2021

This research work presents the preparation of TiB2 nanopowders by
molten-salt synthesis (MSS) technique from TiO2 and MgB2 as starting active
materials and MgCl2 as a molten salt. The pure TiB2 nanopowders were finally
prepared using 2M HCl aqueous solution to leach the synthesized samples. The
effects of the firing temperature, firing time and reactants to salt ratio
on the TiB2 nanopowders formation were examined. The results demonstrated
that the TiB2 formation was completed even with reactants to salt mass ratio
of 1:2 at 1000 ?C for 4 h. The TiB2 nanopowders synthesized with 1:2, 1:5
and 1:10 reactants to salt mass ratios have different particle sizes. Thus,
the average particle sizes estimated from BET surface areas were 59, 55 and
46 nm for the samples synthesized with 1:2, 1:5 and 1:10 reactants to salts
mass ratios, respectively. These results illustrated that the high
concentration of MgCl2 plays a key role in the particles? size reduction.
The above results assured that this research study presents a new
low-temperature synthesis route for nano-sized metal diboride powders.
Colossal magnetoresistance of Nd-doped LaCaMnO3 polycrystalline ceramics
Authors: Rajan Sam , Kumar Arun , Isac Jayakumari
Published: April 2021

The cation doped polycrystalline compound La0.5Nd0.15Ca0.35MnO3 has been
synthesized by a conventional solid state reaction method. The Rietveld
analysis of the powder XRD of the composites reveals an orthorhombic
structure with Pbnm space group symmetry. The cell parameters are a = 5.4505
?, b = 5.4457 ? and c = 7.6876?. The AC magnetization studies show a
semiconducting paramagnetic to metallic ferromagnetic transition at a
temperature below the Curie temperature TC which is found to be 206.3K. It
is also observed that metal to semiconductor transition temperature TMS is
very close to TC. The sample also possesses high magnetoresistance, which is
revealed in MR studies.
Ceramics based on concrete wastes prepared by spark plasma sintering
Authors: Abass Mohammed , Kanda Yasuyuki
Published: April 2021

An effective utilization technique is required to recycle fine aggregate in
concrete waste because the presence of residual waste cement reduces the
quality of the recycled concrete. In this study, recycled aggregate powder
(RAP) was prepared by milling Okinawan concrete waste and developing a
ceramic compact with high flexural strength using the spark plasma sintering
(SPS) method. The RAP raw material consisted mainly of calcite and quartz.
The densification gradient of the sintered compact was uniform during
sintering at 1123-1273K. At 1273K sintering temperature, Vickers hardness
(HV) obtained a maximum of 393 along with 78.9MPa maximum flexural strength,
which exceeded the porcelain stoneware tile ISO 13006 standards. Scanning
electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) element analysis
suggested that the inner structure constituted unmelted silica-rich sand
particles and melted calcium-rich particles containing waste cement and fine
aggregate with limestone. Therefore, it can be concluded that SPS progressed
by the liquid-phase sintering phenomenon between sand particles and
calcium-rich particles, which contributed to flexural strength and modulus
improvement.
Osteonecrosis of Bilateral Mandibular Tori After Direct Laryngoscopy
Authors: Orebaugh Steven L. , Eutsey Rory , Chung William
Published: April 2021

A 36-year-old man underwent direct laryngoscopy with routine general anesthesia for a knee procedure. Several days later, he experienced pain involving an ulceration along the medial aspect of the right mandible in the floor of the mouth. This evolved to a painful bony mass, and subsequently, a bony sequestrum was spontaneously shed. The initially misdiagnosed pathologic process occurred several more times on both sides of the mouth. A computed tomography scan eventually revealed large bilateral mandibular tori, a feature that likely predisposed the patient to this course of events. Pain in the floor of the mouth after airway manipulation should be carefully evaluated and the possibility of osteonecrosis considered.
Retrospective Comparison of Intramuscular Admixtures of Ketamine and Dexmedetomidine Versus Ketamine and Midazolam for Preoperative Sedation
Authors: Guthrie David B. , Boorin Martin R. , Sisti Andrew R. , Epstein Ralph H. , Romeiser Jamie L. , Lam David K. , Gan Tong J. , Bennett-Guerrero Elliott
Published: April 2021

Precooperative children and patients with intellectual disabilities often require intramuscular (IM) sedation prior to the induction of general anesthesia (GA). Ketamine is an effective preinduction sedative but can produce significant adverse side effects. Dexmedetomidine, a sedative with sympatholytic and analgesic properties, may provide advantages when used in combination with ketamine. This retrospective study evaluated the efficacy and safety of IM ketamine with dexmedetomidine for preoperative sedation. We conducted a chart review of all patients (n = 105) treated for dental rehabilitation who received either IM ketamine and dexmedetomidine (study group, n = 74) or IM ketamine and midazolam (control group, n = 31) prior to induction of GA. No significant difference (p = .14) was observed in the time interval from IM administration to operating room entry (median [interquartile range]) between the study and control groups (5 [4–8] vs 5 [2–7] minutes). Patients who received IM dexmedetomidine exhibited significantly lower mean arterial pressures throughout the induction (p = .004) and had lower heart rates (p = .01) throughout the intraoperative period compared with patients who did not receive dexmedetomidine. The combination of dexmedetomidine and ketamine may provide effective and safe IM sedation prior to the induction of GA.
Ética docente y del cuidado en la educación
Authors: Ibarra Rosales Guadalupe
Published: April 2021

Introducción: Este artículo se enfoca en el estudio de la ética docente, para lo cual se tomaron en cuenta los resultados de una encuesta sobre la ética de la docencia y de la enseñanza aplicada a un grupo de alumnos de la carrera de Pedagogía de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Objetivo: Conocer la ética docente en la práctica educativa a través de los rasgos y las características que en opinión de los alumnos encuestados califican a un buen docente. Método: La estrategia metodológica fue una encuesta que tuvo como instrumento un cuestionario con preguntas abiertas. La codificación de los resultados se efectuó con base en categorías elaborados para comprender y analizar la información recabada. Los referentes teóricos de este estudio fueron la concepción de la docencia como una profesión de ayuda y los planteamientos centrales de la ética del cuidado, los cuales permitieron interpretar los hallazgos desde estas perspectivas teóricas. Resultados: Se muestra que en un buen docente están presentes dos dimensiones: la pedagógica (25 %) y la ética (75 %). Se destaca que la dimensión ética fue colocada por encima de la dimensión pedagógica. El análisis de la dimensión pedagógica expone que para estos alumnos son relevantes y prioritarias las capacidades pedagógicas y didácticas para la enseñanza (44 %). En la dimensión ética los alumnos situaron en primer término a las actividades pedagógicas y educativas de ayuda y apoyo para el aprendizaje de los alumnos (48 %). Conclusión: De los resultados obtenidos se desprende que en la ética docente se integran estas dos dimensiones. La pedagógica expresa la competencia profesional del docente que lo faculta para llevar a cabo el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje, mientras que la dimensión ética da cuenta de las prácticas educativas y pedagógicas realizadas con un sentido ético, es decir, para favorecer el aprendizaje de los alumnos.
The Development of Arabic Learning Evaluation based on Kahoot Application in Covid Outbreak l Tatwir Taqwim Ta'lim al-Lughah al-'Arabiyyah 'ala Asas Tatbiq Kahoot Khilala Jaikhah Covid
Authors: Yani Meli Yani , Koderi Koderi , Zulhanan Zulhanan , Tubagus Munir , Fauzan Muhammad Sholeh
Published: April 2021

This research based on the problems about learning evaluation in which was less attractive because it had not used evaluation instruments based on technology, especially the learning process during the Covid 19 outbreak. The purpose of this study was to develop an evaluation of Arabic learning for SMK in the form of an objective test based on Kahoot application during the Covid-19 outbreak. This research data were obtained from the interviews and students' responses to the evaluation. The interviews were conducted with groups of students as participants in the study, meanwhile, students' responses were confirmed to 32 students. The findings of this study indicated that the Arabic language objective test evaluation instrument by using the kahoot application was very feasible.  94% according to design experts, 96% according to material experts, 96% according to media experts. The results of the product effectiveness trial of the objective test evaluation instrument based on the kahoot application were 86% for one to one learner, 90% for the small group test, 88% for the field trial test. The development of an Arabic evaluation in the form of an objective test based on the Kahoot application during the Covid-19 outbreak had a significant effect on the evaluation of Arabic and could make students more active, independent and feel comfortable in the evaluation process. In line with that, this paper suggested the need for teacher and institutional involvement in solving the problem of community limitations in online learning evaluation.
Proceso de hidrodesoxigenación de anisol sobre catalizadores de Ni-Ru soportado en TiO2
Authors:   , Ortiz Santos Edgar
Published: April 2021

En este trabajo se determinó la actividad y selectividad de catalizadores monometálicos Ni, Ru y bimetálicos NiRu soportados en TiO2 (P-25) y SBA-15 en la HDO de anisol. Además, se realizó un estudio del efecto de las condiciones de reacción (T=250-350 °C, CA= 0.1-0.3 mol·L-1) en NiRu/TiO2 con el fin determinar la mayor selectividad para la obtención de productos desoxigenados y proponer un modelo cinético. Finalmente se realizó modificaciones en cuanto a la carga metálica de Ni a contenidos de 0.5, 1 y 5 % en peso de metal con el sistema NiRu/TiO2. Los catalizadores fueron preparados por impregnación en humedad incipiente a partir de soluciones de Ni·(NO3)2·6H2O y Ru·(NO)(NO3)3 como precursores metálicos, a un contenido nominal de rutenio 0.5 % y 5% peso de metal en níquel. Además de los catalizadores bimetálicos, se impregnaron de manera individual los metales de Ni y Ru con los soportes TiO2 y SBA15. Los catalizadores monometálicos de Ni y Ru soportados en SBA15 mostraron velocidades iniciales de reaccion de 3.3x10-5 y 1.85x10-5 mol·gcat·s-1, respectivamente, en la HDO de anisol. Al combinar ambos metales la velocidad se incrementó hasta el valor de 7.92x10-5 mol·gcat·s-1 superando la actividad de los catalizadores monometálicos dos veces más grande para Ni/SBA15 y cuatro para Ru/SBA15 lo que sugiere un efecto de promoción entre Ni y Ru. Por último, cuando se utilizó TiO2 como soporte, el Ni presentó una velocidad inicial de 2.0 x10-5 mol·gcat·s-1. Al evaluar el catalizador monometálico de Ru la velocidad observada fue de 8.3 x10-5 mol·gcat·s-1. con la adición del segundo metal, la velocidad fue 45% menos favorable comparado con Ru/TiO2 y 50% más grande que Ni/TiO2 mostrando un efecto desfavorable al combinar ambos metales. Finalmente, la selectividad cambio por el tipo de catalizador y soporte, los catalizadores de Ru/TiO2, Ru/SBA15 y NiRu/TiO2 obtuvieron como producto principal benceno lo que indicó que la ruta preferente para este tipo de sistemas fue la demetoxilación (DMO). Por último, para los catalizadores Ni/TiO2, Ni/SBA15 y NiRu/SBA15 la vía prioritaria fue la hidrogenación (HYD) por su alto contenido en metoxiciclohexano.
De Tormes a Badiraguato. Representación literaria del personaje marginal en la novela de la picaresca y la literatura del narcotráfico
Authors:   , Delgado Vázquez Omar Alejandro
Published: April 2021

La presente tesis tiene como objetivo principal explorar la representación de la marginalidad inserta en la narrativa mexicana del narcotráfico y sus relaciones con la novela de la picaresca con el fin de constatar si el concepto de sicaresca puede ser aplicado dentro de algunas novelas del contexto mexicano, o si es necesario buscar un instrumento de análisis más adecuado. Para ello, se propone contrastar dos obras narrativas, una de la picaresca y otra de la novela del narcotráfico, para comparar sus componentes de construcción narratológica, elementos dialógicos y los distintos recursos humorísticos que utilizan para construir un concepto de lo marginal desde la representación literaria. Para tal efecto, se tomará como objeto de estudio la novela Fiesta en la madriguera del autor mexicano Juan Pablo Villalobos, y se le comparará con El Lazarillo de Tormes, obra de autor anónimo a partir de la cual se construyó el arquetipo del pícaro.
Ten reasons to use fosfomycin trometamol in daily practice
Authors: Miotła Paweł
Published: April 2021

Urinary tract infections are one of the most common diseases among women. At least 50% of women will develop at least one of urinary tract infection episode during life-time. It should be also underlined that more than one-fourth of them will also develop recurrence within the half year following the initial infection and therapy. The empirical treatment of urinary tract infections should include susceptibility data based on local antimicrobial resistance rates. The effective initial treatment can be considered as an effective preventive strategy of the rapidly increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Fosfomycin trometamol is a safe and highly effective antimicrobial drug which can be used in a single dose in the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections.
Aripiprazole – a collection of handful information for the practitioner
Authors: Antosik-Wójcińska Anna
Published: April 2021

Aripiprazole is an atypical neuroleptic used in schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder. It has low risk of inducing extrapyramidal symptoms and QT prolongation. It has favorable safety profile (including the metabolic one), so it can be used in somatically burdened patients, patients over 65 years of age, and obese patients. The drug in low doses has an activating and antidepressant effect, while in doses exceeding 20 mg/24 h – antipsychotic and anti-manic.
Oxcarbazepine – place in the treatment of epilepsy
Authors: Kopka Marcin
Published: April 2021

Oxcarbazepine is recommended for the first line treatment of focal seizures in monotherapy and add-on therapy in both children and adults. It is well tolerated and less frequently interacts with other drugs, possible side effects less often lead to the cessation of the therapy. An important feature of the drug is a positive effect on the sexual sphere of patients and a presumed positive effect on reducing depressive symptoms.
Use combination of quetiapine and donepezil in the treatment of dementia in elderly patients
Authors: Wierzbiński Piotr
Published: April 2021

The goals of the treatment of dementia is to slow down the progression of neurological changes and reduce the severity of symptoms. One of the early symptoms of the development of neurological diseases is late-onset depression, which is associated with impaired functioning of the prefrontal circuits, prefrontal-striatal dysfunction, which is responsible for cognitive-depressive dysfunction. This syndrome responds poorly to antidepressants and better to dopaminergic drugs. Based on the literature and clinical experience, we can conclude that the combination of donepezil and quetiapine may provide many benefits to patients with dementia and is well tolerated. Cholinesterase inhibitors (i.e. donepezil) have the best proven effect in the first stage of the disease, when cholinergic deficiency is most prevalent, and benefit from 30–50% of patients. Quetiapine has a lower potential for developing weight gain and metabolic complications, and for producing hyperprolactinaemia and extrapyramidal symptoms, and is better tolerated.
The single-pill combination or hybrid therapy in prevention of cardiovascular risk. Case reports
Authors: Wojciechowska Celina
Published: April 2021

In polish population many patients with comorbid hypertension and hypercholesterolemia present low compliance and adherence to medical advising. The achievement of therapeutic goals of blood pressure control and hypercholesterolemia control was about 5,4% in WOBASZ II study. The therapy with antihypertensive drugs and statin in a single-pill combination (SPC) has recently been strengthened in the European and Polish guidelines for the treatment of arterial hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. It seems that therapy induction with SPC by reducing the number of pills to be taken daily could contribute to solve the problem of not undertaking or discontinuing treatment. The combination product present in different doses give possibility of optimization treatment. The use SCP on a larger scale could improve blood pressure control and cholesterol concentration reduction and prevent many of cardiovascular events.
Erectile dysfunction – a diabetologist point of view
Authors: Duda-Król Wiesława B. , Wełnicki Marcin , Mamcarz Artur
Published: April 2021

The prevalence of erectile dysfunction among diabetic patients is not exactly known. There is no doubt, however, that due to the complex nature of complications of poorly controlled diabetes, related to both blood vessel and nervous system damage, the frequency of these disorders increases with the duration of the disease. The coexistence of hypertension and obesity is also important, especially in the case of patients with type 2 diabetes. Our sexuality is slowly ceasing to be a taboo subject, so we are talking more and more often about the treatment of erectile dysfunction. In this article we present this problem from the diabetic point of view.
Safety and efficacy of mirabegron and solifenacin in elderly patient with overactive bladder
Authors: Wiatr Tomasz , Chłosta Piotr
Published: April 2021

Lower urinary tract symptoms, including urgency, urgency incontinence, pollakiuria and nocturia are common in the elderly people and has significant impact on quality of life. Pharmacological treatment is recommended when conservative management, such as fluid intake normalization or bladder training, does not alleviate symptoms. Antimuscarinics were often used as the I line treatment for OAB, as these drugs block the activity of the muscarinic M2/M3 receptors in the bladder and provide a significant clinical benefit for OAB symptoms in the elderly people, but their side effects are common, often leading to treatment discontinuation. Mirabegron, a β3-adrenoceptor agonist, shows similar efficacy to antimuscarinic drugs without the risk of anticholinergic effects.
La biblioteca escolar y de aula. Un estudio de caso sobre la transformación de espacios y recursos desde la voz de los agentes dinamizadores
Authors: Alcaraz Hinojosa Sergio
Published: April 2021

Este trabajo analiza la transformación y configuración de las bibliotecas de centro y aula de un centro de Educación infantil y Primaria de Andalucía. El propósito es indagar y explorar de qué manera se puede transformar una biblioteca escolar para que sea un espacio educativo que fomente el aprendizaje en el alumnado de Educación Infantil y Primaria. La metodología, enmarcada en el paradigma cualitativo, aborda una investigación en contextos a partir de un estudio de caso. Para extraer la información relevante, se han utilizado diversas técnicas, como la entrevista semiestructurada y la observación de campo e instrumentos tales como el diario de campo y una lista de control para analizar los documentos del centro. El proceso de mejora, evidenciado en los hallazgos principales, tomó como base la realización de dos matrices: una DAFO que sirvió para diagnosticar, en primera instancia, y una CAME, sobre la que se construyó la base de la transformación de la biblioteca escolar.
Mutualistic and Endophytic Microorganisms of Artemisia Annua: Description, Role and Use
Authors: Péterfi Orsolya , Domokos Erzsébet
Published: April 2021

Artemisia annua is an important medical plant that produces artemisinin used for its antimalarial, antibacterial and antifungal effects in modern medicine. The high demand and low artemisinin content in plants (0.01-2 %) has led to studies about alternative methods to increase yield. Biofertilizers (beneficial microbes and/or biological products that colonize roots, improve plant nutrition and growth) have been reported affecting secondary metabolism and the production of active ingredients of herbs. The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to the current status of the research on mutualistic and endophytic microorganism of A. annua that have the potential to increase the quality and quantity of the crude drugs, derived from the herb. Scientific papers in this field focus on the effects on inoculation with different microorganisms (arbuscular micorrhizal fungi, endophytic bacteria and fungi) and the isolation of endophytes from A. annua. Bioinoculants can affect biomass, artemisinin and essential oil concentration, disease resistance, nutrient status, phosphatase activity, foliar glandular trichome density, leaf chlorophyll content, guaiacol peroxidase enzyme concentration, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate, and plant growth parameters (total weight, leaf yield, height, seed yield). The endophytes isolated from the plant are potential artemisinin content and plant stress resistance enhancers.
The Herbarium Files of Gyula Erazmus Nyárády which Got Abroad
Authors: Nagy Zsolt
Published: April 2021

The herbarium of Gyula Erazmus Nyárády has been assessed to contain around 90.000 sheets. During the past thirty years, the legacy of the famed botanist still found in public institutions and private collection across Romania and Hungary has been studied and processed by Kálmán Váczy, Sándor Bartha and especially Katalin Bartók. However, nothing is known about the sheets that had ended up outside Hungary or Romania. This study proposes to fill this gap to some extent: firstly, it draws attention to sheets from Nyárády’s herbarium found in the inventory of the world’s biggest botanical gardens, museums and universities of natural science; secondly, it goes into details about the circumstances of collecting the prepared taxa, and the conclusions that can be drawn from this; it presents the reasons why some sheets got abroad; and it adds more data to reconstruct Nyárády’s social network. It also indicates that the heritage, now known to consist of around 90.000 sheets, can be completed with the sheets found abroad.
Isoflavonoids − Dual Action on Estrogen Receptors
Authors: Miklos Amalia , Tero-Vescan Amelia , Muntean Daniela-Lucia
Published: April 2021

Isoflavonoids are phytoestrogenic compounds found mainly in plants from the Fabaceae family and also in soy-based foods. Isoflavonoids exhibit (anti)estrogenic effects, acting on estrogen receptors due to the structural similarities with estrogenic hormones (17β-estradiol). The aim of our minireview is to highlight the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of isoflavonoids, in order to sustain the beneficial effects in different pathologies (osteoporosis associated with menopause, breast cancer, prostate cancer, protective cognitive functions) but, at the same time, to aware about the possible adverse effects on long-term administration.
Consistency of corporate governance statements with the Corporate Governance Code provisions. The case of Romanian oil market
Authors: Dănescu Tatiana , Popa Maria-Alexandra
Published: April 2021

The purpose of corporate governance is to achieve a responsible and value-oriented control of a company. The corporate governance provisions promote and strengthen the confidence of current and future shareholders, creditors, employees, business partners and the general public in national and international markets. For the resilience of financial markets but also for sustainable economic development it is crucial as a governance practice of companies listed on financial markets to be enshrined in the current corporate governance codes’ provisions. Therefore, the approaches of this research bring to the public's attention the conformity of the corporate governance declarations of companies from oil industry that trade shares on the Bucharest Stock Exchange. The results show that, in 2019, the analyzed companies register a high level of compliance with the provisions of the Corporate Governance Code applicable on the Romanian financial market.
Testing early signs of fraudulent financial reporting – case of WIRECARD
Authors: Spătăcean Ioan Ovidiu
Published: April 2021

The experience of fraudulent financial reporting scandals that shocked American corporate history in the early 2000’s marked a turning point in the evolution of the financial auditing profession, out of a desire to restore investors’ confidence in the integrity of listed companies’ financial information. The establishment of a public supervision authority for audit firms (PCAOB), the establishment of an audit committee for listed companies or the obligation to report on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, among with severe financial sanctions for corporate fraud, are the most representative legislative measures imposed in the US by the Sarbanex-Oxley Act (2002) to achieve this goal. To a large extent, these measures have also been adopted in Community law, most likely under the impetus of similar events, such as the Parmalat case (2003). Here that, at a not appreciable time distance, such a sensitive issue of fraudulent reporting returns to the center of investors’ attention through the case of the German electronic payment processor - Wirecard (2020). The article aims to investigate possible early signals that could have indicated risk factors or circumstances that could have favored fraudulent financial reporting in the case of this issuer. In essence, the research methodology is limited to the application of the Beneish model on the annual financial reports from 2016-2018, in order to assess its validation in relation to the values of the score function (M).
Female with Ankylosing Spondylitis from the 7th–6th century BCE Lori Berd burial (Armenia)
Authors: Khudaverdyan Anahit Yu. , Devejyan Seda H. , Davtyan Ruben H. , Yengibaryan Azat A. , Hovhanesyan Arshak A. , Vardanyan Shota A.
Published: April 2021

A female skeleton from the Lori Berd archaeological cemetery, located near the city of Stepanavan (Lori Province of Armenia) is described. Palaeopathological analysis revealed a variety pathology (ankylosis of the sacroiliac joints, ankylosis of the vertebrae, syndesmophytes, ankylosed of the costovertebral and costotransverse joint fusions, kyphosis, lordosis, fracture of the anterior inferior iliac spine and traumatic lesions). This paper reports a new case of ankylosing spondylitis in a skeleton and a differential diagnosis performed to determine the etiology of the condition. The vertebral bodies remodel and together with the associated syndesmophytes form a continuous, smooth bone surface that is sometimes referred to as “bamboo spine”. In this skeleton changes in the spine, ribs, the sacrum, acetabulum, head of the femur and greater trochanter, as well as the anterior inferior iliac spine are typical of ankylosing spondylitis in advanced stage. Addtionally, there were signs of a traumatic death with injuries sustained to the scapula and vertebra. Using osteological markers in combination with the reconstruction of the archaeological context, the burial pattern suggests that the pathology the female suffered was likely due to her physical deficiencies.
Effects of Addition of Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzymes on Digestibility and Milk and Meat Production – A Systematic Review
Authors: Tirado-González Deli Nazmín , Tirado-Estrada Gustavo , Miranda-Romero Luis Alberto , Ramírez-Valverde Rodolfo , Medina-Cuéllar Sergio Ernesto , Salem Abdelfattah Z.M.
Published: April 2021

Exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE) added to the ruminant diet can increase fiber digestibility and production efficiency. A systematic review was conducted to understand the interactions between EFE and diet on digestibility and animal performance. The database included variables from 384 experiments with EFE and 264 controls from 85 papers published since 2000 (classification criteria: 1) type of study (in vitro, in situ, in vivo), 2) type of ruminants (sheep, buffaloes, goats, beef and dairy cattle), 3) primary EFE activity (cellulases (Cel) or xylanases (Xyl)), 4) forage proportion (FP), 5) type of plant (TP: legumes or grasses), 6) number of ingredients in diets, and 7) application time (AT)). In over 52.85% of cases, EFE improved the degradability of dry matter (DMD), neutral and acid detergent fiber (NDFD and ADFD), in vitro gas production (GP), volatile fatty acids (VFA), the acetate: propionate ratio (A:P ratio), protein and fat milk, milk yield and average daily gain (ADG) (by 7.78–21.85%). Cel improved organic matter degradability (OMD), GP, VFA, milk yield, and milk protein and fat content. EFE in FP≥40% diets enhanced the ADG, and in grassbased diets increased the dry matter intake (DMI). The AT of EFE affected the DMD, NDFD, and ADFD. Significant correlations were found between the improvements of NDFD or ADFD with DMD (r>0.59), milk yield (r=0.64), and ADG (r=0.59). In conclusion, many factors interact with EFE supplementation effects, but EFE consistently enhanced the DMD, NDFD, and ADFD of ruminant diets, which are related to improvements in productive performance.
Rare Codon Analysis in Rickettsia Affecting Recombinant Protein Expression in Escherichia coli
Authors: Bakli Mahfoud , Pascalau Raul , Smuleac Laura
Published: April 2021

Rickettsia species are important emerging pathogens causing rickettsial diseases, which are important cause death worldwide. The number of recombinant proteins used for diagnostic and therapeutic applications has increased dramatically, which is important in determination of protein function, structure and antigensity. Although E. coli is widely used expression system, the codon bias can hamper protein expression due to the presence of rare codons in gene sequence coding protein of interest. Using bioinformatics tools, rare codon analysis of rickettsial genes was performed and compared to not expressed proteins in both R. prowazekii and R. rickettsii. A negative correlation between frequencies of rare codons in Rickettsia and success of rickettsial protein expression was observed. This study suggested a useful tool to improve rickettsial recombinant protein expression in E. coli.
Microbiota of Non-Smoked Slovak Cheese “Parenica”
Authors: Kačániová Miroslava , Terentjeva Margarita , Kunová Simona , Borotová Petra , Haščík Peter , Štefániková Jana
Published: April 2021

Our study was focused on rapid identification of selected groups of microorganisms from non-smoked cheese made from cow’s milk. The following groups of microorganisms were detected: lactic acid bacteria, total microbial counts, coliforms, yeast and filamentous microscopic fungi. The microbial groups were analyzed depending on sampling month from January to December. The microbial qualtity of samples were evaluated with classical microbiological method and than identified with mass spectrometry. The highest total microbial count was found in July - 3.42 log CFU/g. The presence of coliform bacteria was detected in three samples in the beginning of January and the counts increase in summer months. Microscopic filamentous fungi and yeast were present in all samples during the year with the highest counts during the summer months were observed. Altogether, 25 microbial genera were identified including families Candida, Cryptococcus, Kluyveromyces, Saccharomyces, Rhodotorula, Torulaspora, Yarrowia, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, Streptococcus, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Hafnia, Citrobacter, Bacillus, and Sphingomonas with mass spectrometry method. The lactic acid bacteria are one of the most important group of microorganisms in milk and milk products for production of typical sensory characteristics.
Content of Superoxide-Producing Associate of Saanen and Local Goats Milk
Authors: Marmaryan Gayane , Simonyan Maxsim , Grigoryan Hasmik , Simonyan Ruzan
Published: April 2021

The aim of the work was to isolate the associate of Fe+3 with NADPH containing lipoprotein from Saanen and local goat milk, to determine O2
−-producing reaction to show the immune activity of milk. Results showed that the content of the associate in Saanen milk was lower by 1.7 times compared with the local, which means that its prooxidant status is higher.
Slovak Sheep Cheese Bryndza as a Reservoir of Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Kačániová Miroslava , Terentjeva Margarita , Kunová Simona , Borotová Petra , Haščík Peter , Štefániková Jana
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study was to determine antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated from sheep cheese “bryndza”. The cheese samples were obtained from five Slovak farms and different groups of bacteria isolated from cheese samples. Enterobacteriaceae and Lactobacillaceae were the most distributed bacterial families with other bacterial families as Enterococcaceae, Staphylococcaceae and Moraxellaceae were identified. Enterobacteriaceae were tested to cefepime (cephalosporins) and imipenem (carbapenems), Lactobacillaceae family were tested for resistance to vancomycin (glycosides) and to imipenem. Staphylococcaceae were tested for resistance against tigecycline (tetracycline) and chloramphenicol (amphenicols). Enterococcaceae family was tested against tigecycline and imipenem. Genus Acinetobacter of the Moraxellaceae family was tested for resistance to ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolones) and to imipenem. All tested bacteria showed susceptibility against the chosen antibiotics.
Health Education – Responsibility – Changing Attitude. A New Pedagogical and Methodological Concept of Peer Education
Authors: Feith Helga Judit , Lukács J. Ágnes , Gradvohl Edina , Füzi Rita , Mészárosné Darvay Sarolta , Bihariné Krekó Ilona , Falus András
Published: April 2021

Health-related attitudes can be modified and supported most effectively at young ages. Young generations require more interpersonal and interactive pedagogical methods in programs engaged in health promotion, as well. The aim of the authors was to get an insight into a relatively novel pedagogical method, called peer education. This multilateral activity is focusing the procedure on attitudes, experience, and motivation of youngsters in connection with health promotion programs and community service work. In this article, the authors describe 1) the theory, origin, and principal influences of peer education compared to traditional teaching methods and 2) the new, efficiency-oriented and science-based methodology of health education program.