bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unveiling Low-frequency Eclipses in Spider Millisecond Pulsars Using Wideband GMRT Observations
Authors: Kumari Sangita , Bhattacharyya Bhaswati , Kansabanik Devojyoti , Sharan Rahul , Ghosh Ankita , Roy Jayanta
Published: January 2025

Eclipses of radio emission have been reported for ∼58 spider millisecond pulsars (MSPs), of which only around 19% have been extensively studied. Such studies at low frequencies are crucial for probing the properties of the eclipse medium. This study investigates eclipses in 10 MSPs in compact orbit using wide-bandwidth observations with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope. We report the first evidence of eclipsing for PSR J2234+0944 and J2214+3000 in one epoch, while no evidence of eclipsing was observed in the subsequent two epochs, indicating temporal evolution of the eclipse cutoff frequency in these systems. Constraints on the eclipse cutoff frequency were obtained for PSR J1555–2908, J1810+1744, and J2051–0827. Moreover, for the first time, we detected an eclipse at a nonstandard orbital phase (∼0.5) for PSR J1810+1744, with a duration longer than the eclipse observed at superior conjunction. No eclipses were detected for PSR J0751+1807, J1738+0333, and J1807–2459A at 300–500 MHz and 550–750 MHz. We calculated the mass-loss rate of the companion for PSR J1555–2908 and PSR J1810+1744 and found that these rates are insufficient to ablate the companion stars. We cataloged the

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, mass function, Roche lobe filling factor, and inclination angle for compact MSP binaries with low-mass companions and found that higher spin-down flux does not guarantee eclipses. Our analysis, supported by the Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistic, confirms that eclipsing black widow binaries generally exhibit a higher mass function compared to noneclipsing black widow binaries, consistent with previous studies.
Detecting Stellar Flares in Photometric Data Using Hidden Markov Models
Authors: Esquivel J. Arturo , Shen Yunyi , Leos-Barajas Vianey , Eadie Gwendolyn , Speagle Joshua S. , Craiu Radu V , Medina Amber , Davenport James R. A.
Published: January 2025

We present a hidden Markov model (HMM) for discovering stellar flares in light-curve data of stars. HMMs provide a framework to model time series data that are nonstationary; they allow for systems to be in different states at different times and consider the probabilities that describe the switching dynamics between states. In the context of the discovery of stellar flares, we exploit the HMM framework by allowing the light curve of a star to be in one of three states at any given time step: quiet, firing, or decaying. This three-state HMM formulation is designed to enable straightforward identification of stellar flares, their duration, and associated uncertainty. This is crucial for estimating the flare's energy, and is useful for studies of stellar flare energy distributions. We combine our HMM with a celerite model that accounts for quasiperiodic stellar oscillations. Through an injection recovery experiment, we demonstrate and evaluate the ability of our method to detect and characterize flares in stellar time series. We also show that the proposed HMM flags fainter and lower energy flares more easily than traditional sigma-clipping methods. Lastly, we visually demonstrate that simultaneously conducting detrending and flare detection can mitigate biased estimations arising in multistage modeling approaches. Thus, this method paves a new way to calculate stellar flare energy. We conclude with an example application to one star observed by TESS, showing how the HMM compares with sigma clipping when using real data.
Radial-dependent Responsivity of Broad-line Regions in Active Galactic Nuclei: Observational Consequences for Reverberation Mapping and Black Hole Mass Measurements
Authors: Li Yan-Rong , Wang Jian-Min
Published: January 2025

The reverberation mapping (RM) technique has seen wide applications in probing geometry and kinematics of broad-line regions (BLRs) and measuring masses of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in active galactic nuclei. However, key quantities in RM analysis such as emissivity, responsivity, transfer functions, and mean and rms spectra are fragmentally defined in the literature and largely lack a unified formulation. Here we establish a rigorous framework for BLR RM and include a locally dependent responsivity according to photoionization calculations. The mean and rms spectra are analytically expressed with emissivity- and responsivity-weighted transfer functions, respectively. We demonstrate that the rms spectrum is proportional to the responsivity-weighted transfer function only when the continuum variation timescale is much longer than the typical extension in time delay of the BLR; otherwise, biases arise in the obtained rms line widths. The long-standing phenomenon pertaining to the different shapes between the mean and rms spectra can be explained by a radial-increasing responsivity of BLRs. The debate on the choice of emission-line widths for SMBH mass measurements is explored, and the virial factors are suggested to also depend on the luminosity states, in addition to the geometry and kinematics of BLRs.
High-resolution BOES Spectroscopy of Raman-scattered He iiλ6545 in Young Planetary Nebulae
Authors: Lim Jin , Chang Seok-Jun , Shin Jaejin , Lee Hee-Won , Kim Jiyu , Kim Hak-Sub , Choi Bo-Eun , Lee Ho-Gyu
Published: January 2025

Young planetary nebulae (PNe) are characterized by their hot central stars and the presence of abundant neutral and molecular components, which result from significant mass loss during the asymptotic giant branch phase of stellar evolution. Far-UV He ii
λ1025 line photons produced near the central star can undergo Raman scattering by hydrogen atoms, creating a broad emission feature centered at ~6545 Å. We conducted high-resolution spectroscopy of 12 young PNe from 2019 April to 2020 March using the Bohyunsan Observatory Echelle Spectrograph. Building on the study by Choi and Lee, who identified Raman-scattered He ii at 6545 Å in NGC 6881 and NGC 6886, we report new detections of this feature in NGC 6741 and NGC 6884. Profile fitting reveals that the velocity of the H i component relative to the He ii emission region ranges from 26 to 33 km s−1 in these PNe. Using photoionization modeling, we estimate the line flux of He ii
λ1025 and derive Raman conversion efficiencies of 0.39, 0.21, 0.24, and 0.07 for NGC 6881, NGC 6741, NGC 6886, and NGC 6884, respectively. These results, combined with radiative transfer modeling, suggest the presence of H i components with masses around 10−2
M
⊙, moving outward from the central He ii emission region at speeds characteristic of the slow stellar wind from a mass-losing giant star.
Unusual Space Weathering on a CE-5 Metal Grain Indicates Deceptive Surface Signatures of M-type Asteroids
Authors: Zhang Tian , Tang Hong , Li Xiongyao , Wen Yuanyun , Mo Bing , Yu Wen , Zhou Chuanjiao , Liu Jianzhong
Published: January 2025

M-type asteroids are historically thought to be exposed metallic cores of differentiated planets with a composition dominated by pure iron and nickel. However, recent spectral and radar observations reveal an insufficient number of M-type asteroids in the main belt. Here, we report unusual space weathering characteristics associated with a natural metal grain found in Chang'e 5 lunar soil. Microcraters, impact glass, iron whiskers, and unique vesicular rims on the surface of this grain help to explain the unusual properties of some potential M-type asteroids, including low thermal inertia and density. Our findings indicate that space weathering processes, including micrometeorite bombardment and solar wind irradiation, conceal the real surface signatures of M-type asteroids. Furthermore, the presence of He and Ge alloy on the metal grain suggests that M-type asteroids are not only a large metallic Fe and Ni reservoir but also a potential source of noble gases and precious metals.
Fault Tolerance Model for Hadoop Distributed System
Authors: Setti Ahmed Soraya , Slimani Yahya , Frefita Riadh
Published: January 2025

Fault tolerance approaches in distributed systems are essentially based on replication and checkpointing. Each of these approaches has its advantages and limitations. This paper has two objectives: first, it proposes a fault tolerance approach based on the nodes status of a distributed system. For this purpose, it defines 3 nodes status: safety, faulty and potentially faulty. With respect of classical node status (safety, faulty), it introduces a new status that we call potentially faulty. This last node allows to enhance the availability of a distributed system. Second, it discusses the efficiency of the proposed model on two types of architectures: virtual multi-node cluster and a physical multi-node cluster with WIFI connection. Experiments have showed that proposed approach increases the system performance throughput and its fault tolerance level.
Two new species of Psen Latreille, 1796 (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Crabronidae) from China, with a key to Psen species of China
Authors: Deng Yao , Ma Li , Li Qiang
Published: January 2025

Two new species of the genus Psen Latreille, 1796, namely Psen fronistriatussp. nov. and Psen scabrosussp. nov. are described and illustrated from China. A key to the Chinese species of Psen is also provided.
Une gouvernance pour l’Internet des Objets ?
Authors: Toutain Laurent
Published: January 2025

L’Internet est devenu le vecteur dominant de communication de l’information. Ce réseau a réussi à fédérer un très grand nombre d’acteurs autour de protocoles communs provenant de différents organismes de standardisation et de constructeurs. Les objets, tels que définis dans l’Internet des Objets, se caractérisent par une capacité de traitement limitée et par une consommation énergétique réduite pour préserver l’autonomie imposée par une alimentation sur batterie. Cela a forcé ces acteurs à redéfinir des protocoles prenant en compte ces nouvelles contraintes, tout en conservant l’architecture qui a fait le succès du réseau. Cet article brosse ces évolutions et les interactions entre les acteurs pour construire des services robustes et inter-opérants.
Des interfaces traditionnelles hommes-machines aux machines empathiques : vers une coadaptation humain-machine
Authors: Devillers Laurence
Published: January 2025

Le domaine de l’" affective computing " est par essence pluridisciplinaire, en regroupant trois technologies : la reconnaissance des émotions des humains, le raisonnement et la prise de décision en utilisant les informations recueillies, et la génération d’expressions émotionnelles. La sphère des émotions que l’on pouvait penser propre à l’humain envahit les machines qui se rapprochent des capacités humaines. Dans le cas de maltraitance d’un robot notamment, l’être humain peut ressentir de l’empathie envers un agent artificiel, alors que ce dernier ne fait que simuler des émotions et ne peut pas souffrir. La machine est programmée, sans intention ni désir propres, mais il faut le rappeler. L’arrivée des robots empathiques soulève depuis peu de nombreuses questions éthiques, juridiques et sociales.
Comment on: "Solving the conformable Huxley equation using the complex method" [Electron. Res. Arch., 31 (2023), 1303–1322]
Authors: Ye Feng , Zhang Xiaoting , Jiang Chunling , Zeng Bo
Published: January 2025

Using the complex method, Guoqiang Dang and Qiyou Liu [Guoqiang Dang, Qiyou Liu, Electron. Res. Arch., 31 (2023), 1303–1322] have found some exact solutions of the conformable Huxley equation. In this comment, we first demonstrate that the elliptic function solutions and rational function solutions do not satisfy the complex conformable Huxley equation. Finally, all exact solutions of the conformable Huxley equation are given by us.
Gradient regularity for nonlinear sub-elliptic systems with the drift term: sub-quadratic growth case
Authors: Chen Beibei , Wang Jialin , Liao Dongni
Published: January 2025

This paper focuses on nonlinear sub-elliptic systems with drift terms in divergence form, under Dini continuity conditions, where the growth rate satisfies $ \frac{2Q}{Q+2} < m < 2 $, and $ Q $ represents the homogeneous dimension in the Heisenberg group. By generalizing the $ \mathcal{A} $-harmonic approximation technique to accommodate sub-quadratic growth, we establish the $ C^1 $ regularity associated with the horizontal gradient of weak solutions away from a negligible set.
De l’entre-lieu à la traduction comme lieu incontournable
Authors: Amaral Henrique Provinzano
Published: January 2025

Cet article se propose d'analyser la pensée traductive de l'écrivain martiniquais Édouard Glissant - c'est-à-dire les textes qu’il a vraiment consacrés au débat théorique sur la traduction - à partir des paradigmes des idées d'« entre » et de « lieu ». Pour ce faire, il reprend des aspects de l'univers notionnel de Glissant, en particulier la notion de « lieu », qui constitue ce que l'on pourrait appeler un savoir non déclaratif sur la traduction, car il permet de penser des extensions et des prolongements théoriques de ce que Glissant a effectivement écrit sur ce sujet. En outre, l'article commente également certains aspects récents de la réflexion sur les concepts de lieu et de translation en traductologie, en revisitant des articles d'Álvaro Faleiros et de Leila Darin, avec en toile de fond la théorie d'Antoine Berman. L'objectif est d'avancer l'hypothèse que la pensée traductive de Glissant est liée à l'établissement et à la défense d'un « lieu incontournable », à partir duquel le traducteur accomplirait sa tâche : la translation des poétiques dans le contexte de la totalité-monde.
« L’Europe se créolise » – Créolisation et migration dans l’œuvre tardive d’Édouard Glissant face à la migration européenne actuelle
Authors: Kopf Martina
Published: January 2025

Dans son œuvre tardive non fictive, Glissant se consacre de plus en plus à l’Europe et semble être toujours plus influencé par les thèmes politiques actuels qu’il analyse à l’aide de ses réflexions théoriques. La créolisation est ici principalement envisagée dans le contexte des mouvements migratoires et on trouve de nombreuses réflexions sur la migration, la nation, le racisme, l’identité et l’intégration. Cette contribution vise à mettre en évidence les idées de Glissant sur une Europe en migration et en créolisation. Après avoir esquissé les considérations théoriques de Glissant sur une Europe qui se créolise, il conviendra de se pencher sur l’interaction entre créolisation et migration dans un contexte politique européen. Dans ce contexte, la question se pose également de savoir quelle est la relation entre le (post)colonialisme et la migration. Même si le terme « migration » apparaît surtout dans l’œuvre tardive glissantienne, il semble déjà présent dans le concept de créolisation. En conclusion, il faudra également se demander dans quelle mesure la pensée de Glissant anticipe déjà des réponses à la migration actuelle en Europe telle que nous la vivons aujourd’hui. Il se révèle ainsi être un précurseur du courant de pensée actuel autour de la notion de postmigration.
Moi, Tituba, sorcière… Noire de Salem de Maryse Condé, ou une expérience romanesque de la « nouvelle mestiza »
Authors: Duault Jaïlys
Published: January 2025

Nous proposons dans cet article une analyse du roman Moi, Tituba, sorcière… Noire de Salem, que Maryse Condé publia en 1986. L’héroïne, née du viol de l’esclave Ashantie Abena, traverse les sociétés noires et blanches, voguant d’épreuve en épreuve. Il s’agit dans cet article de nous interroger sur la façon dont Maryse Condé, passant par le roman d’apprentissage et la réécriture de l’histoire (à savoir uchronique, dans la mesure où il s’agit de redonner à Tituba une fin et de combler la vacuité de sa biographie), cannibalise les motifs de l’éducation, des religions et de l’épopée. Ce faisant, nous cherchons à montrer que Tituba devient, selon les termes de Gloria Anzaldúa, une nouvelle mestiza (la théoricienne désignant par ce terme la troisième voie qu’elle a su trouver entre les cultures chicane et américaine), représentation de la conjonction des croyances, religions et littératures, de l’Occident à la Barbade, de l’héroïne éponyme.
The Role of Digital Technologies on Women's Empowerment and Economic Inclusion in Turkey
Authors: Tan Basak Ucanok
Published: January 2025

This chapter explores the role of digital technologies in women's empowerment and economic development in Turkey. Digitalization, the availability of social technology platforms, and knowledge regarding the benefits of these platforms open doors to employment and economic growth for women. Digitalization cannot guarantee women's empowerment and eradicate gender inequalities if not policies for reducing the gender digital divide are not prioritized. Thus, the chapter highlights the potential of digital technologies in combatting the gender gap and enhancing women's empowerment.
Transforming Multicultural Classrooms Into Inclusive Environments
Authors: Malisiova Afroditi , Folia Vasiliki
Published: January 2025

The rise of globalization, along with the great influx of refugees and immigrants, has brought the integration of refugee and migrant-background students to the forefront in European and Western countries. The acculturation and inclusion of these individuals in the host countries' communities can only be achieved through their inclusion in educational environments that support their academic growth and offer professional prospects. Drawing upon existing literature, the present chapter elaborates on the significance of implementing intercultural education while identifying the challenges encountered by students and educators as well as suggesting efficient and inclusive teaching approaches, methods, and practices that promote social justice and the inclusion of all students in the educational process. The teacher's role throughout the teaching process will also be identified as one of the crucial factors determining the success of transforming multicultural classrooms into inclusive educational environments.
A Web Content Identification and Classification System Using Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Balakumar C. , Divya N. , Gokulapriya J. , Kokilamani M.
Published: January 2025

The majority of systems used to filter web pages rely on naive bayes, k-nearest neighbour, and SVM algorithms. These methods are not perfect in extracting valuable information from unstructured online content. These systems lack the cognitive ability to discern between erotic and other common information on websites by intelligently filtering web pages. In order to convert the freely available unstructured text information on the search engine into structured data, the suggested effort would be used to classify the web content using the artificial neural network (ANN) technique. This work provides a semantic knowledge system based on machine learning (ML) with the help of ant colony optimization (ACO) technique that addresses these issues by identifying and blocking access to filtering web content in an organised manner. In order to provide accuracy and speed, the suggested method uses a blacklist of restricted websites to classify URLs into wanted and unwanted categories
An Analysis of Optimization Methodologies on Edge Computing
Authors: Ramya R.
Published: January 2025

This study explores the complex field of edge computing, emphasising optimisation techniques that are vital for enhancing data management, resource allocation, energy usage, and offloading efficiency. This chapter investigates new approaches to improve edge computing system quality, providing a thorough analysis that incorporates knowledge from several fields. By resolving important issues and opening the door for more long-lasting and efficient quality control methods, the findings improve edge computing applications. Through a comprehensive examination of various optimization methodologies, this study aims to enhance the efficiency and quality management of edge computing systems, providing valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and industry stakeholders in the rapidly evolving domain of edge computing.
Optimizing Convolutional Neural Network Impact of Hyperparameter Tuning and Transfer Learning
Authors: Idrissi El-Bouzaidi Youssra El , Hibbi Fatima Zohra , Abdoun Otman
Published: January 2025

This chapter examines skin cancer, particularly melanoma, which has a high mortality rate, making early diagnosis essential. It explores how convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can improve melanoma detection, providing a detailed technical analysis of hyperparameters and their impact on model performance. Strategies for tuning hyperparameters, including random search and Bayesian optimization, are demonstrated. Using the HAM10000 dataset, the chapter assesses the impact of different hyperparameter settings on accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Issues like class imbalance are addressed with data augmentation and resampling. The optimization methods improve DenseNet121 and MobileNetV2 accuracies to 85.65% and 84.08%, respectively.
Literature Review on Green Marketing Strategies for Sustainable Supply Chains From a Namibian Perspective
Authors: Louw Petrina
Published: January 2025

The main aim of this chapter is to discuss the green marketing strategies for sustainable supply chains from a Namibian perspective. The phrase “green marketing” refers to promotional efforts that highlight less harmful goods and services while attempting to lessen the detrimental effects that current production methods and products have on society and the environment. This is further supported by green supply chain whose main aim is ensuring that customers' needs and requirements are met while maintaining long-term social, environmental, and economic value in the marketing of goods and services. The term “green supply chain” refers to a range of practices, including raw material replacement, reuse, and recycling. Green marketing strategies for sustainable supply chains strives to safeguard the environment and the natural resources for future generations. This chapter is solely based on secondary desktop research conducted through the analysis of existing literature and online resources.
Research on the Formation Mechanism of Brand Meaning Making From the Perspective of Opinion Leaders
Authors: Ma Xianglin , Dou Wenyu
Published: January 2025

Brand meaning making is a relatively new research paradigm in the field of international marketing management. Based on the basic connotation and research status of brand meaning making, this paper takes the perspective of opinion leaders, selects the case of the writer community of Jiugui Liquor, the only central enterprise in liquor listed companies, and uses grounded theory to deeply explore the formation mechanism, related dimensions and elements of brand meaning making. This article finds that brand meaning making is centered and driven by company meaning making. As opinion leaders and/among consumers, they work together through the content, manifestation, and pattern of meaning making to ultimately achieve the renewal and expansion of brand meaning making. The exploratory achievements of this paper have advanced the theoretical construction of predecessors and provided a practice model for the industry to refer to.
Advancing STEAM Education
Authors: R. Durai Vasanth , Ravikumar Srilalitha , Saha Somsubhra , Sudha K. , Vinoth R. , R. Siva Subramanian , Sathya V.
Published: January 2025

This chapter presents a brief understanding of STEAM education and—by focusing on the importance of STEAM education—captures the underlying aspects of this fairly new addition to the teaching of science. This chapter focuses on various issues, including implementation of STEAM into courses, rap and innovative teaching approaches and strategies, equity and diversity issues, relevance and roles of digital learning, effects of AI, learning skills throughout life, involving communities and future learning and directions for STEAM education. Each section contains information and examples of effective practices, as well as suggestions for educators, policy makers, and scholars. By synthesizing current practices and emerging trends, this chapter aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on enhancing STEAM education for a technology-driven world.
Emerging Technological Impact and Significance in STEAM Education
Authors: Bahadur Preeti Singh , Bais Pratima , Thakur Ayushi , Srivastava Ruchira , Rajpoot Subhadra , Bais Alok , Mishra Kiran
Published: January 2025

The importance of technology in STEAM education comes from the reality that almost all jobs in the modern workforce require some level of technological proficiency. Science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics, STEAM, education aims to highlight these subjects while highlighting their value for building transferable skills and their practical use in the workplace. Technology is essential in today's society because it permeates every aspect of our lives, powers entire industries, and maintains our connections. After all, technology is a subject that can be taught independently of science, math, engineering, and the arts. We call this technology education. It can also be applied to assist in these areas. Furthermore, educational technology, or EdTech as it is frequently referred to, has developed into a vital tool for both teachers and students. The chapter introduces the need for innovative approaches of the STEM education model. Further, it talks about the transition from STEM to STEAM, approaches of STEAM education with the inclusion of emerging trends of technology.
Exploring Online Elective Courses and Attitudes Toward Digital Communication
Authors: Menon Vishnu Achutha , Thomas Juby , Prasad Aswathi
Published: January 2025

This chapter explores the dynamics of online open electives in STEAM education and investigates gender-based differences, age influences, geographical impacts, institutional contexts, and interaction effects on attitudes towards online communication. Utilizing a quantitative research design, data from 520 participants were analyzed using the Measure of Online Communication Attitude (MOCA) questionnaire. Findings indicate gender disparities in self-disclosure, location's influence on apprehension, and the type of institution's impact on social connection and ease. However, no significant interaction effects were observed. These insights underscore the need to consider demographic factors in understanding online communication attitudes.
Science or Superstition?
Authors: Olaniyan Yusuf Damilola
Published: January 2025

This chapter unravels the intersection of colonial legacies, epistemic injustices, and the marginalization of indigenous knowledge systems, specifically Ifá as a legitimate scientific epistemology within Nigerian higher education (HE). It appropriates Fricker's concepts of hermeneutical and testimonial injustice to explicate how Western epistemological frameworks and the influence of Abrahamic religions through colonization continue undermining Ifá's legitimacy as a scientific and epistemic system. In addition, it highlights Ifá's potential as a holistic knowledge system ringfencing cosmology, ethics, decision making, and probability and presents it as a viable alternative to Eurocentric scientific paradigms. The discussion, therefore, advocates for decolonizing science education with a sense of urgency, emphasizing the necessity of recognizing Ifá's potential to contribute to global knowledge and promote equity in epistemic representation.
The Application of Artificial Intelligence in Educational Administration
Authors: Mupaikwa Elisha
Published: January 2025

To enhance the calibre of decisions, artificial intelligence technologies have been included in educational administration. The use of artificial intelligence in school administration is covered in this chapter. Out of the 130 journal articles that were downloaded from peer-reviewed journals, 50 articles were chosen for review. According to the review's findings, artificial intelligence has been applied to educational administration in several areas, including performance and assessment, faculty management, student management, course management, and student recruiting and admission. Lack of expertise and skills, ethical issues, financial difficulties, and infrastructure issues were the main obstacles to the use of AI in school administration.
A Review of Current Applications of AI and Machine Learning Methods for Financial Statement Analysis
Authors: Dheenadhayalan K. , Devapitchai Joel Jebadurai , Surianarayanan R. , Usha S.
Published: January 2025

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is playing an increasingly vital role in the field of financial statement analysis. AI methodologies, such as Deep Learning, Machine Learning, and Natural Language Processing, are being employed to enhance the analysis of financial data. This study explores the applications of AI in financial statement analysis, including Predictive Analytics, Anomaly Detection, Trend Analysis, Financial Report Automation, Risk Evaluation and Control, Comparative Analysis and Benchmarking, Portfolio Optimization, Risk Assessment and Management, Fraud Detection and Forensic Analysis, and Regulatory Reporting and Compliance. The chapter includes case studies, industrial insights, and practical applications of AI in financial statement analysis, highlighting the tangible benefits and opportunities for businesses in the finance sector. Additionally, the chapter addresses the challenges and potential future applications of AI in this domain.
Rotational Thromboelastometry Guided Transfusion Protocol Versus Classic Transfusion Protocol in Reducing Blood Components Transfusion in Adult Patients Undergoing Elective Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Mahdy Ahmed M. , Al-Taher Ezzat Mohamed , Helmy Amr Mohamed , Kamhawy Ghada A. , Tawadros Pierre Zarif , Fayad Elsayed A. , Abdel-Ghaffar Mohamed Emad Eldin
Published: January 2025

Aim: This study assessed the role of rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM)-guided transfusion protocol in reducing blood product transfusion during cardiac surgeries.  Methodology: This randomized, single-blind trial enrolled 32 patients who were randomized to receive either the ROTEM-guided transfusion protocol or the classic transfusion protocol. The primary outcome was the need for blood component transfusion after bypass and during the initial 24 postoperative hours. Secondary outcomes included residual heparin after reversal with protamine and blood loss postoperatively during the first 24 hours. Results: While differences in red blood cell transfusions post-bypass and within the first 24 hours postoperatively were observed, they were statistically non-significant. Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusions differed post-bypass, without statistical significance. However, the ROTEM group had a statistically significant reduction in FFP units within the first 24 hours postoperatively (P<0.001). The number of platelet units transfused in the initial 24 hours postoperatively showed a difference between both groups, but it was statistically non-significant. However, ROTEM significantly reduced platelet use post-bypass (P<0.001). Blood loss also differed between groups but was statistically non-significant. Conclusions: The application of ROTEM-guided transfusion protocol reduces blood product transfusion (FPP and platelets) in patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass.
Comparative Study to Analyse the Effect of Benzydamine Hydrochloride and Lignocaine Gargle to Reduce Cumulative Propofol Consumption in Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Sudarshan K. Shruthi , Shivashankar Archana , Sandhya B. K. , Ayesha S. , Shivaswamy Kavana
Published: January 2025

Background: A combination of propofol and topical analgesics in patients undergoing Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) offers an alternative approach to minimize propofol usage while ensuring sufficient sedation and mitigating the side effects of propofol. The present study aims at comparing the effect of benzydamine hydrochloride (HCL) and lignocaine gargle on cumulative propofol consumption in patients undergoing Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio-Pancreatography (ERCP). Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in patients posted for ERCP under propofol sedation. A total of 120 patients aged 18-65 years were randomly assigned into 3 groups of 40 patients. Group 1 patients received 15ML of 0.15% benzydamine HCL 3 minutes prior to the procedure, whereas group 2 received 15ML of 2% lignocaine viscous, and group 3 received 15ML of sterile water. Sedation was carried out by the administration of intravenous bolus dose of propofol followed by infusion. Cumulative propofol consumption per kg body weight per minute, recovery time, and incidence of postoperative sore throat were recorded in each group. Results: Cumulative propofol consumption in the benzydamine HCL group was 141.2 +/- 39.46 mcg/kg/min, in the lignocaine group 154.85 +/- 40.85, and in the control group 183.38+/-43.39 (p value <0.001). Recovery time in group 1 was 6.04+/-0.86 mins, group 2 was 6.4+/-1.22 mins, and in group 3 was 10.45+/-1.24 mins (p value of <0.001). Conclusion: Benzydamine HCL and lignocaine viscous gargle are effective in reducing cumulative propofol consumption in ERCP. The incidence of sore throat and other side effects were less in the study groups when compared with the control group.
Efficacy of Nalbuphine as An Adjunct to 0.5% Bupivacaine in Ultrasound- Guided Suprazygomatic Maxillary Nerve Block in Patients Undergoing Nasal and Maxillofacial Surgery – A Randomized Clinical Comparative Study
Authors: Sumalatha G. B. , Patel Sameera , Yadav Hemant , Dodawad Ravichandra
Published: January 2025

Background & Aims: Ultrasound-guided suprazygomatic maxillary nerve block (MNB) is safe and efficacious in nasal and maxillofacial surgeries. The analgesic effect of nalbuphine is equal to that of morphine, with a ceiling effect on respiration. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the efficacy of 0.2 mg/kg nalbuphine as an adjuvant to 0.5% bupivacaine compared to plain 0.5% bupivacaine in maxillary nerve block. Material & Methods: One hundred ASA I-II patients of either sex, scheduled for elective nasal and maxillofacial surgeries under general anesthesia, were randomly allocated into Group A and B (n=50) to receive USG-guided suprazygomatic MNB. Group A and Group B received 0.5% bupivacaine with 0.2 mg/kg of nalbuphine and 0.5% bupivacaine, respectively. The mean duration of analgesia, total consumption of opioids, and 24-hour postoperative side effects were recorded in both groups. The data were compared using Student's t-test, Chi-square test, and Mann–Whitney U test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean duration of postoperative analgesia was significantly prolonged in the nalbuphine group (769.2 ± 117 vs. 559.2 ± 75 minutes; p = 0.002), with a significant reduction in the total consumption of nalbuphine (26.4 ± 5.06 vs. 52.77 ± 7.46 mg; p = 0.007) compared to the bupivacaine group.  Conclusion: 0.2 mg/kg nalbuphine can be effective as an adjuvant to local anesthetics in MNB to prolong the postoperative duration of analgesia without significant side effects.
Perioperative Management of a child with Tetralogy of Fallot and Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Kurien Jeril George
Published: January 2025

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is one of the most common cyanotic congenital heart diseases, and its association with Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (HOCM) is extremely rare, with very few cases reported in the literature. Here, we report a case of a 2-year-old male child who presented with progressive hypoxia, was diagnosed with TOF and HOCM, had a past history of stroke with residual weakness, and now underwent total correction and extensive myectomy. He had an extremely stormy postoperative period but was successfully managed.
Spontaneous liver rupture associated with HELLP syndrome
Authors: Dayarathne P. H. S. , Gunawardana S. R. , Abeykoon S. , Ratnasiri U. D. P.
Published: January 2025

Background:  Spontaneous hepatic rupture is a rare life-threatening event seen among patients with preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome bringing devastating outcomes to both the mother and the baby.Case presentation:  We report a case of a 45-year-old sub fertile primigravida following an IVF treatment with donor embryo resulting in DCDA twin pregnancy.She was diagnosed with pregnancy induced hypertension at 20 weeks of period of gestation (POG) with DCDA twin pregnancy admitted at our hospital at 32 + 4 weeks of POG with headache, visual disturbances, vomiting and abdominal pain with severe pregnancy induced hypertension. Category I emergency cesarean section was performed due to eclampsia, suspected placental abruption with DCDA twins with single fetal demise and acute kidney injury. During caesarean section, right lobe of the liver rupture was diagnosed.  Even with intense multidisciplinary management the life of this mother could not be saved leaving behind her newborn baby with the father.Conclusion: Due to the rarity of the entity, the unpredictable nature and the multisystemic involvement, many health care providers as well as pregnant women may not be aware of the fatal consequences of this complication.
Oral misoprostol versus extra amniotic saline infusion for induction of labour in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy >34 weeks gestation: A randomised controlled trial – the MEASI trial
Authors: Thangavel A. , Sagili H. , Keepanasseril A. , Plakkal N.
Published: January 2025

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of oral misoprostol with extra-amniotic saline infusion (EASI) for induction of labour in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) >34 weeks of gestation.Methods: This was a randomised, open label, parallel arm trial with 1:1 allocation ratio conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, JIPMER, Pondicherry, India. 176 pregnant women >34 weeks of gestation with HDP admitted for induction of labour with Bishop score < 6 were randomised to receive either oral misoprostol 25μg three hourly upto 4 doses or EASI (22F Foley’s catheter, 60 ml balloon for 12 hours with saline infusion at 30 ml/hour for first 6 hours). Primary outcome of the study was vaginal birth within 24 hours of induction.Results: The proportion of vaginal birth within 24 hours of induction was higher (77.1% vs. 67.8%) and the mean induction to delivery interval was one hour shorter (20.26 ± 4.5 vs. 21.38 ± 4.3 hours) with oral misoprostol when compared to EASI but the difference was not statistically significant. Shivering (17.2%), nausea and vomiting (23%) were more common with oral misoprostol when compared to EASI (5.7% and 13.8% respectively). Uterine tachysystole was observed only with oral misoprostol. Caesarean section (13.7% vs. 14.9%) and neonatal outcomes were similar between the groups.Conclusion: EASI was found to be as effective, although the proportion of women who achieved a vaginal birth within 24 hours was slightly lower with nil occurrence of uterine tachysystole when compared to oral misoprostol for induction of labour in HDP> 34 weeks of gestation.
Perceptions of asset managers on corporate social responsibility challenges and opportunities
Authors: Nel Kara , Erasmus Pierre D. , Mans-Kemp Nadia
Published: January 2025

Purpose: Companies and investors in South Africa are challenged with multiple sustainability concerns. Asset managers have substantial power to motivate investee companies to focus on pressing corporate social responsibility (CSR) issues. Yet, there is limited scholarly evidence on how they process CSR information and which sustainability considerations influence their decisions. Therefore, the CSR challenges and opportunities that selected South African asset managers experience were explored.Design/methodology/approach: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 26 South African asset managers. Thematic analysis was conducted to derive four main themes.Findings/results: Four considerations were identified on which the considered asset managers based their responsible investment decisions when reflecting on CSR practices. Firstly, CSR should form part of a company’s primary purpose. Secondly, the interviewees focussed on material industry-specific CSR risks when making investment decisions. Thirdly, the inclusion of CSR practices in asset managers’ decision-making was hindered by the relatively small South African investable market, a limited demand for responsible investments from asset owners and beneficiaries, and insufficient disclosure of material sustainability information. Lastly, the interviewees highlighted social and economic infrastructure investment opportunities. Furthermore, they mentioned that CSR practices can be improved by refined regulation and educating asset owners and beneficiaries.Practical implications: Corporate leaders are urged to increasingly engage with asset managers and collaborate with stakeholders from the private sector to address prominent sustainability issues and to capitalise on related opportunities.Originality/value: This research contributes four considerations to the limited body of knowledge on the unique CSR challenges and opportunities pertaining to the investment decisions of an influential stakeholder group, namely asset managers in South Africa.
Systematic literature review on the theory of Social Embeddedness of Thriving at Work
Authors: Istiningtyas Listya , Purba Debora E. , Poerwandari Elizabeth K. , Takwin Bagus , Milla Mirra N.
Published: January 2025

Orientation: Industrial and organisational psychology has increasingly focussed on Thriving at Work (TAW), particularly shaped by the Social Embeddedness of Thriving at Work (SEMTW) model, which examines how employees’ social interactions within the workplace enhance their growth and performance.Research purpose: This study explores the latest literature on the SEMTW model, highlighting its significance in enhancing employee well-being and organisational performance, while identifying research trends and proposing future directions.Motivation for the study: The findings guide future research to refine the SEMTW model and address emerging challenges in the modern work environment.Research approach/design and method: A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted using the PRISMA model to ensure a rigorous process. Data were sourced from Harzing’s Publish or Perish via Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Out of 338 articles, 14 met the inclusion criteria after screening.Main findings: Leadership styles, individual traits, and organisational practices have advanced SEMTW understanding. The study highlights the growing complexity of thriving in workplaces influenced by digital transformation and globalisation.Practical/managerial implications: Findings contribute to industrial and organisational research on TAW, offering actionable recommendations for fostering thriving workforces through the SEMTW model.Contribution/value-add: This research uniquely advances the SEMTW model by integrating modern workplace dynamics, such as digitalisation and hybrid work environments, offering insights for theoretical and organisational applications.
Perspectives of high-risk pregnant women on home care program in high-risk pregnancies: A multicenter, qualitative study
Authors: Sayahi Masoumeh , Salehin Shahrbanoo , Zakerkish Mehrnoosh , Keramat Afsaneh , Goli Shahrbanoo
Published: January 2025

Objective:

To explore the perspectives of high-risk pregnant women regarding the home care program for high-risk pregnancies.

Methods:

This qualitative study was conducted in a university hospital and 5 comprehensive health centers in Ahvaz, Iran, from February 2023 to July 2023. The sampling method used was purposive sampling considering the maximum possible diversity, which continued until data saturation. 11 in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with high-risk pregnant women. Data were simultaneously analysed using Graneheim and Lundman content analysis by MAXQDA version 20 software.

Results:

Data analysis extracted 3 themes, 12 categories, and 26 subcategories. The themes and categories were “high-risk pregnancy and related issues (pursuing treatment and paying attention to the high-risk situation by pregnant women, psychological aspect of high-risk pregnancy on pregnant women and caregivers, emotional and physical aspects of high-risk pregnancy, the consequences of high-risk pregnancy on the people around them and empowerment of high-risk pregnant women)”, “support dimension (family and community support for high-risk pregnant women)”, and “framework of program (acculturalization, means and equipment, security, manpower and the necessary arrangements for the home care)”.

Conclusions:

High-risk pregnancy affects various aspects of the lives of high-risk pregnant women and their families. Creating the necessary conditions for providing care at home plays a vital role in supporting high-risk pregnant women and removing related obstacles to receiving prenatal care in person. It will be especially beneficial for high-risk pregnant women in low-income areas.
Evaluation of systemic factors in age-related macular degeneration at a tertiary care hospital in Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Vats Vatsala , Shakeel Tarannum , Singh Amanjot
Published: January 2025

Background:

Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) is a degenerative disease associated with aging, with a higher prevalence in regions such as Africa (17.4%). Reported prevalence in various Indian studies ranges from 1.1% in southern India to 4.7% in northern India. Smoking, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), and body mass index (BMI) are the factors that have been correlated with ARMD.

Aim and Objective:

This study aims to evaluate the association of systemic factors such as smoking, DM, HTN, and BMI with ARMD.

Materials and Methods:

It is a hospital-based cross-sectional study with patients aged over 40 years visiting the outpatient ophthalmology department who were screened for ARMD for a duration of 6 months from January 2024 to June 2024. All patients aged over 40 years were screened for ARMD. Patients with ocular trauma, congenital ocular anomalies, immunocompromised status, or active ocular inflammation were excluded from the study. The presence of even a single “Drusen” in the macula was considered the diagnostic criterion for ARMD. Diagnosed cases of ARMD were assessed for DM, HTN, BMI, and smoking. The data were recorded and analyzed to identify any associations.

Results:

The prevalence of ARMD among patients screened over 1 year was found to be 1.40%. Among 40 patients with ARMD, 24 (60%) patients reported a positive history of smoking, which was statistically significant with a P value of 0.00442. Out of the 40 patients, 37 (92.5%) patients had a BMI within the normal range of 18.5–24.9 kg/m2. No significant association was found between BMI, DM, and HTN with ARMD in this study.

Conclusion:

Our study from Uttarakhand indicates a low prevalence of ARMD and shows a positive and significant association with smoking. Furthermore, evaluation of other systemic factors is required to provide more consistent evidence of correlation.
Zero-dimensional metrizable CDH space X such that
$X^2$
is not CDH
Authors: Hevessy Michal
Published: January 2025

In this article, a construction of a metrizable zero-dimensional CDH space X such that

$X^2$

has exactly

$\mathfrak {c}$

many types of countable dense subsets is provided. Furthermore, it is shown that the space can be constructed consistently co-analytic. Thus answering an open question asked by Medini. To do so we use the notion of a

$\lambda $

-set.