bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of Fake Narratives on Social Media during 2019 Indonesian Presidential Election
Authors:   The Ministry of Communication and Informatics of the Republic of Indonesia, Rumata Vience Mutiara , Nugraha Fajar Kuala ,   Indonesia indicator, Indonesia
Published: January 2021

Social media become a public sphere for political discussion in the world, with no exception in Indonesia. Social media have broadened public engagement but at the same time, it creates an inevitable effect of polarization particularly during the heightened political situation such as a presidential election. Studies found that there is a correlation between fake news and political polarization. In this paper, we identify and the pattern of fake narratives in Indonesia in three different time frames: (1) the Presidential campaign (23 September 2018 -13 April 2019); (2) the vote (14-17 April 2019); (3) the announcement (21-22 May 2019). We extracted and analyzed a data-set consisting of 806,742 Twitter messages, 143 Facebook posts, and 16,082 Instagram posts. We classified 43 fake narratives where Twitter was the most used platform to distribute fake narratives massively. The accusation of Muslim radical group behind Prabowo and Communist accusation towards the incumbent President Joko Widodo were the two top fake narratives during the campaign on Twitter and Facebook. The distribution of fake narratives to Prabowo was larger than that to Joko Widodo on those three platforms in this period. On the contrary, the distribution of fake narratives to Joko Widodo was significantly larger than that to Prabowo during the election and the announcement periods. The death threat of Joko Widodo was top fake narratives on these three platforms. Keywords: Fake narratives, Indonesian presidential election, social media, political polarization, post.
Grafik dan Muzik: Analisis Reka Bentuk Kulit Album
Authors:   Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Ibrahim Salziana , Raja Halid Raja Iskandar ,   Universiti Malaysia Kelantan
Published: January 2021

Kulit album mempunyai pelbagai fungsi pada sesebuah karya seni muzik. Reka bentuk kulit album yang menarik mampu menarik pelanggan untuk membuat pilihan ketika membeli produk tersebut. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji hubungan grafik dan muzik terhadap empat buah kulit album Zainal Abidin iaitu album Hijau, Gamal, Orak Arek dan Terangsang. Sememangnya tidak dapat dinafikan bahawa reka bentuk kulit album telah banyak mengalami perubahan dari pelbagai aspek mengikut perkembangan industri muzik. Pelbagai teknik reka bentuk digunakan untuk menyampaikan mesej berhubung kait dengan genre album tersebut. Kajian kes dalam kaedah kualitatif ini menggunakan teknik pemerhatian dan fotografi terhadap empat buah kulit album Zainal Abidin sebagai artis pop yang terkenal dengan keunikan lagunya di Malaysia. Data yang dikumpul telah dianalisis dan dinilai dari segi grafik berdasarkan tiga elemen iaitu warna, visual dan tipografi yang digunakan manakala, dari segi muzik pula dilihat dari elemen ritma, bunyi dan lirik lagu dalam album itu. Analisis kulit album ini juga dibuat berlandaskan pendekatan semiotik sosial komunikasi visual oleh Van Leeuwen dalam menjelaskan makna di sebalik reka bentuk kulit album yang disampaikan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan hubungkait antara grafik dan muzik pada keempat-empat kulit album yang dijadikan kajian kes ini. Oleh hal demikian, hubungan antara reka bentuk grafik dan album muzik tidak dapat dipisahkan untuk menghasilkan kulit album yang berkualiti di samping menyampaikan maklumat komunikasi dengan berkesan. Kata kunci: Grafik, muzik, reka bentuk, kulit album, tipografi.
Research of Features of the Combined Algorithm for Solving the Asymmetric Traveling Salesman Problem
Authors:   V. A. Trapeznikov Institute of Control Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulyanov M. V. ,   M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Fomichev M. I. ,   Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University n.a. R. E. Alekseev,   chool of Software Engineering National Research University Higher School of Economics
Published: January 2021

The exact algorithm that implements the Branch and Boimd method with precomputed tour which is calculated by Lin-Kernighan-Helsgaun metaheuristic algorithm for solving the Traveling Salesman Problem is concerned here. Reducing the number of decision tree nodes, which are created by the Branches and Bound method, due to a "good" precomputed tour leads to the classical balancing dilemma of time costs. A tour that is close to optimal one takes time, even when the Lin-Kernighan-Helsgaun algorithm is used, however it reduces the working time of the Branch and Bound method. The problem of determining the scope of such a combined algorithm arises. In this article it is solved by using a special characteristic of the individual Traveling Salesman Problem — the number of changes tracing direction in the search decision tree generated by the Branch and Bound Method. The use of this characteristic allowed to divide individual tasks into three categories, for which, based on experimental data, recommendations of the combined algorithm usage are formulated. Based on the data obtained in a computational experiment (in range from 30 to 45), it is recommended to use a combined algorithm for category III problems starting with n = 36, and for category II problems starting with n = 42.
Configuration of 3D Indoor Positioning System Based on Bluetooth Beacons
Authors:   Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Vladivostok, Russian Federation, Grinyak V. M.
Published: January 2021

This paper devoted to research of indoors navigation problems under poor or insufficient quality of satellite navigational data environment. The problem of object positioning in 3D space by Bluetooth devices located indoors forming a multi-position tracking system is considered in this research. Emphasized that in order to succeed for such system it is required to pre-estimate distinctive accuracy. The proposed model interpretation of the positioning problem as the system of linear equations. The classic model interpretation for method of least squares is used for resolution. General problem of linearization around reference resolution is the locality of its features. There are three concepts of problems solvability, such as fundamental solvability (observability), solvability in conditions of instrumental measurement errors and solvability under conditions of finite accuracy of computation on a computer. The first aspect of solvability is interpreted by the completeness of the rank of the corresponding system of linear algebraic equations, the second and third ones represents by the conditionality of the problem and the convergence of the iterative estimation procedure. The conducted experiments show that for the positioning problem the attributes of the linearized model are accurate enough to represent the original nonlinear problem. Such interpretation allows to build theoretical accuracy estimation priors for object coordinates evaluations and to identify the areas with insufficient positioning accuracy. In this paper there are results of expected accuracy evaluation for various system patterns with full-scale experiments proving the theoretical calculations. Experiments for problems with using SKYLAB Beacon VG01 Bluetooth transmitters and smartphone HUAWEI WAS-LX1 are presented and confirmed that math model with linear approximation defined by authors is usable for solving indoors navigation problems using Bluetooth signal. So, for good enough quantity and appropriate location of the tracks the achievable positioning accuracy could be as good as 0.2—0.3 meters for all three coordinates. Such accuracy allows to navigate small hovering objects such as drones. In general, it looks promising to use Bluetooth trackers for solving positioning problems for indoors environments.
The Experience of Digital Transformation of Business Processes of Applied Experimental Research by Using the Multitenancy of the Resources
Authors:   SC Academician M. F. Reshetnev Information Satellite System, Zheleznogorsk, 662972, Russian Federation, Komarov V. A. , Sarafanov A. V. ,   OOO Vitte Consalting (GK I-Teco), Moscow, 117036, Russian Federation, Tumkovskiy S. R. ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 101000, Russian Federation
Published: January 2021

As part of the digital transformation of various areas of human activity, the urgent task is to transform existing business processes (BP) in order to increase their variability according to the needs of the customer, to increase productivity, quality and competitiveness of products. The introduction of end-to-end digital technologies allows for this. The article examines the experience of transforming the BP of experimental research in solving a number of applied tasks in the field of electronic instrumentation, which is obtained as a result of the introduction of operation technology for test, research and laboratory equipment based on the concept of multitenancy. Developed on the basis of the experience of the authors, a number of industrial samples and prototype multiuser distributed measurement-control systems implementing this concept have allowed to transform the following processes: end-to-end BP of tests on-board electronic equipment of spacecraft (communications, relay, navigation, geodesy, remote sensing, etc.); BP of forming the operational load of the spacecraft's on-board relay complex; BP of conducting experimental laboratory research in the industry training system. The effectiveness of modernized BP was evaluated on the basis of their formalized models and a set of qualitative indicators. The key resulting effects of transformation: improving the quality of BP by improving the informativeness of individual business functions and the efficiency of the use of high-tech experimental equipment; reducing the number of gaps in BP by reducing the number of business roles involved in their implementation; reducing the duration of BP by significantly reducing material and time costs and improving the productivity of individual business functions; transition to a service model "Laboratory As Service" for access to high-tech equipment while performing experimental laboratory studies based on digital educational environments.
The Task of Analyzing the Effectiveness of Repair and Maintenance Work of Complex Technical Equipment
Authors:   SCB Meridian", Doronina E. B. ,   , GPTP Granit,   NOC VKO Almaz-Antey, Skatkov A. V. ,   Sevastopol State University
Published: January 2021

The article presents the problem of analyzing the efficiency of maintenance and repair of complex technical equipment, shows a number of problem statements that reflect the problems of choosing the optimal service plan within the sequence of operations. The scalar and vector representations of the problem are considered, and a scheme for implementing an approach to evaluating the effectiveness of repair and maintenance plans is proposed.
The Way of Entropy: from Lagrangian Modelling to Thermal Engineering
Authors: Serpa Nilo , Fernandes Gisele Alves
Published: January 2021

This article discusses the concept of entropy in an alternative thermodynamic view, demonstrating dialectically that the reversibility illustrated in common laboratory practice is only a local technical effect resulting from anthropic processes that slow down the irreversible advance of the disorder. Then, negative entropy is only a fiction stemming from the imaginationist idealism. The Lagrangian formalism is applied from the introduction of the idea of temporal confinement of thermal energy states, with time being interpreted as the basis of an evolutionary variable. The acceleration of entropy is formally presented independently of statistical mechanics.

Key words: thermodynamics, entropy, entropy acceleration, irreversibility.

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O presente artigo discute o conceito de entropia numa visão termodinâmica alternativa, demonstrando dialeticamente que a reversibilidade ilustrada na prática laboratorial comum é apenas um efeito técnico local decorrente de processos antrópicos que desaceleram o avanço irreversível da desordem. Dessa forma, entropia negativa é uma ficção decorrente do idealismo imaginacionista. O formalismo Lagrangeano é aplicado a partir da introdução da ideia de confinamento temporal dos estados de energia térmica, com o tempo sendo interpretado como base de uma variável evolutiva. A aceleração da entropia é formalmente apresentada de modo independente da mecânica estatística.

Palavras-chave: termodinâmica, entropia, aceleração da entropia, irreversibilidade.
Revisão e Implementação de Soluções Analíticas para a Determinação da Pressão em Poços de Petróleo
Authors: Cariello Igor Caetano , Honório Junior Paulo de Tarço , De Souza Grazione , Souto Helio Pedro Amaral
Published: January 2021

A Análise de Testes de Poços é um ramo da Engenharia de Reservatórios no qual
empregamos dados de pressão de poço a partir de testes de produção/injeção de fluido em conjunto com modelos físico-matemáticos para caracterizar o sistema poço-reservatório, usando problemas inversos. Nessas situações, aplicamos amplamente soluções analíticas e semianalíticas do modelo físico-matemático que descreve o fluxo. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do presente estudo é 1) realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre algumas das soluções analíticas clássicas para determinação da pressão no poço produtor e 2) implementar os códigos numéricos para a criação de uma biblioteca computacional, proporcionando as soluções analíticas voltadas para a determinação da pressão em poços produtores de petróleo. Os sistemas poço-reservatório estudados possuem um poço vertical e levam em consideração os efeitos de condições de contorno, a estocagem na coluna de produção do poço, dano à formação, períodos de fluxo e estática, bem como a presença de fraturas naturais. Obtivemos as soluções analíticas usando a transformada de Laplace e uma inversão numérica, utilizando o algoritmo Stehfest, para calcular a variação de pressão ao longo do tempo.

Palavras-chave: Soluções Analíticas, Transformada de Laplace Inversa, Tranformada de Laplace, Algoritmo de Stehfest, Análise de Teste de Poço.

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Well Testing Analysis is a branch of Reservoir Engineering, in which we
employ well pressure data from production tests/fluid injection in conjunction with physical-mathematical models to characterize the well-reservoir system, using inverse problems. In these situations, we widely used analytical and semi-analytical solutions of the physical-mathematical model that describes the flow. In this context, the objective of this work is to 1) carry out a bibliographic review on some of the classic analytical solutions for determining the pressure in the producing well and 2) implement the numerical codes for the creation of a computational library, providing the analytical solutions aimed at determining pressure in oil-producing wells. The well-reservoir systems with a vertical well take into account the boundary effects, wellbore storage, formation damage, drawdown and buildup test analysis, and the presence of natural fractures. We obtain the analytical solutions using the Laplace transform and a numerical inversion, using the Stehfest algorithm, to calculate the pressure variation in the time domain.

Key words: Analytical Solutions, Inverve Laplace Transform, Laplace Transform, Stehfest Algorithm, Well Testing Analysis.
RISK FACTORS OF UNCONTROLLED HYPERTENSION AMONG PEOPLE IN SULAIMANI CITY ACCORDING TO THE HYPERTENSION GUIDELINE OF AHA/ACC 2017
Authors: Karem Omed , Abdulrahman Zana , Ahmad Farman
Published: January 2021

Background 

Hypertension is the major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality globally, which accounts for nearly half of the CVD events. A striking change has happened in the diagnosis of hypertension and its management after the introduction of the 2017 hypertension guideline by the American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association (ACC/AHA).

Objectives 

To detect risk factors of uncontrolled hypertension according to ACC/AHA 2017 Guideline.

Patients and Methods

A cross-sectional study conducted at Ali Kamal outpatient clinic, a total of 282 uncontrolled hypertensive patients were collected and evaluated for risk factors of uncontrolled hypertension, including gender, age, body mass index & other variables.

Results

A total of 282 patients were included in this study.The mean ± SD age was  55.4 ± 12.5 (ranged from 30 to 84) years and around 68.4 % (n= 193) were females. A high percentage of 77.3% were living in rented houses. Their mean BMI was 28.4 ± 4 kg/m2 (ranged from 19.5 to 51.9). Minority of participants.13.5% (n=38), had normal body mass index, 49.6% (n=140) were on triple antihypertensive therapy. The duration of hypertension was less than 10 years in 45 % (n=127).48% (n=136) of the patients were taking the medications from mixed sources (governmental and private sector). The mean DBP of the patients was 87.7±8.4 mm Hg, while the mean SBP was 147±15.4 mmHg and 96.5% (n=272) of the patients were adherent to the medications. 

Conclusion

Hypertension is a major risk factor for CAD; every patient with uncontrolled hypertension must be evaluated for any associated comorbidity, and strongly advised against smoking and obesity especially with advanced age.
RELATION OF BODY MASS INDEX AND DURATION OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASES IN SULAIMANI TEACHING HOSPITALS
Authors: Karim Sanaa , Ali Kosar
Published: January 2021

Background 

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a gradually developing illness including the pulmonary parenchyma or airways (or both) causing airflow obstruction. It is a progressive disease with various substantial extrapulmonary findings that may add suffering to the patients.

Objectives

This study aims to find out the relation of Body Mass Index and duration of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Sulaimani Teaching Hospitals.

Patients and Methods

A cross sectional study, one hundred patients who were previously diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease participated in the study. The study was carried out during eight months (from 1st  August 2018 to 1st  March 2019) in Shahid Hemin and Shar Teaching Hospitals. The details of socio-demographic and clinical features with Body Mass Index and duration were analyzed. The questionnaire was filled out by direct interview. Data analyzed was performed using SPSS software version 22.0 and P-value less than 0.05 considered as significant.

Results

The mean age was 60.14±13.1 years, 68% of them were male. Smoking was present in most cases. The majority of cases were obese (36%). There was a significant relationship between the duration of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and body mass index (P-value =0.008).

Conclusion

Conclusions: There is a significant relationship between the duration of COPD and BMI. There is a significant relationship between age and duration of COPD. There is a positive relationship between smoking and duration of COPD.
USE OF PROPOFOL AS INTUBATION AID FOR CHILDREN ANESTHETIZED WITH SEVOFLURANE
Authors: Sadeq Sami , Marouf Amanj , Khudadad Amir
Published: January 2021

Background 

Use of muscle relaxants for tracheal intubation in pediatric patients been associated with significant side effects and complications during general anesthesia. Many anesthetic drug combinations have been used to facilitate intubation without the use of relaxants.

Objectives 

To compare the efficacy of three different doses of Propofol to obtain optimum intubating conditions.

Patients and Methods

One hundred and four pediatric patients enrolled in our study after ethical committee approval and written parental consent. Patients were belonging to the American Society of Anesthesiologist physical status classes (I and II), aged from 18 months to 5 years, and were scheduled for tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy. Patients were pre-medicated with midazolam 0.2 mg/kg and ketamine 3 mg/kg 15-30 minutes before induction orally. Patients were randomly divided into 4 groups: Group I (control group) did not receive Propofol, while Group II, Group III, and Group IV received (1, 2 and 3 mg/kg of intravenous Propofol respectively). Cough, movement of the limb, tachycardia and smooth intubation condition had been recorded during intubation.

Results

Cough, movement of the limbs, tachycardia were mostly reported among the control group (100%, 74%, 43%) respectively. While smooth intubation condition was mostly among the group IV. 1mg/kg Propofol abolished cough response. 2mg/kg Propofol abolished movement of the limbs. 3 mg/kg Propofol was superior to 2 mg/kg Propofol in decreasing tachycardia response and smooth intubation condition.

Conclusion

Propofol in a dose of 3 mg/Kg I.V. is an excellent adjuvant drug for smooth intubation in children anesthetized with Sevoflurane.
Retention Evaluation of PEEK Telescopic Attachment in Two Implants Supported Palateless Maxillary Overdenture. An In-vitro Study
Authors: Qadir Balen , Othman Kawan
Published: January 2021

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of different positions of two dental implants with polyether ether ketone (PEEK) telescopic attachment on the Retention of palateless maxillary overdenture.          

Methods: Three edentulous maxillary models were fabricated from cold-cure polymethyl methacrylate resin. Each Model has received two implants as follows: Model 1 (one in each canine region), Model 2 (in right canine and left first premolar area), and Model 3 (in right canine and left second premolar area). One Palateless maxillary denture was constructed over each Model. Ready-made PEEK telescope attachments corresponding to implant abutments were embedded in the inner surface of these overdentures. Initial anterior, posterior, and central retention values of overdentures were estimated and compared with the Retention after 540 cycles of insertion and removal using a digital force gauge.      

Results: The highest initial anterior retention value was recorded with Model 1, followed by Model 2 and then Model 3 (8.080, 7.460, and 6.980 N), respectively. On the other hand, the highest posterior and central retention values were recorded for Model 3 (11.060 and 10.680 N), and the lowest value was with Model 1 (9.18 and 9.660 N). The highest loss of secondary retention value was recorded with central retention value (24%), then anterior retention value (19%), and the lowest was recorded with posterior retention value (13%).  

Conclusions: The implant location and distribution affect the retention value of palateless maxillary overdenture. Continuous insertion and removal of the prosthesis for daily hygiene practice lead to decreases in the retention values.
Root Canal System and Morphology of Mandibular Second Molar Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Mahmood Mohammed
Published: January 2021

Objective: As human 2nd molar teeth demonstrate considerable anatomic complexities and abnormalities in the number of roots and root canals, this study aimed to determine and investigate the root canal system of the mandibular 2nd molar teeth of a sample using cone-beam computed tomography. Variation can be found among different ethnic backgrounds. However, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images eliminate the superimposition of anatomic structures.          

Methods: A total of 350 CBCTs were examined in this study. The analysis was conducted using the GALILEOS Viewer computer software program equipped with a disk containing the CBCT data. The Vertucci classification was used to categorize the data and the chi-square test to compare age groups, gender, and mouth sides.      

Results: Twenty-one two-handed CBCTs met the study criteria. Mandibular 2nd molar teeth were examined, and type 2 canal configuration was the most prevalent in the mesial root (57.1%), whereas type 1 canal configuration was the most prevalent in the distal canal (96.5%). Gender had no significant effect on the root canals' configuration except for the distal root of the right side. In contrast, age had a significant effect on root canal type, except for the right mesial root. There was a strong correlation between root canal types on the right and left sides.  

Conclusions: Type 1 and 2 root canal types were most prevalent in the distal and mesial root canal. Age was found to affect root canal type, and a correlation between right and left side root canal types was detected.
Media image of Ukraine in a projection onto COVID-19: a linguistic view
Authors: Pliasun Olga
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of linguistic dominants of Ukraine’s media image modeling during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research is conducted within the framework of a new direction of linguistics – media linguistic imageology, that in both Ukrainian and world linguistics is just beginning to develop, which determines the relevance and scientific perspective of the work. The article highlights the connection of media linguistic imageology with such neolinguistic areas as media linguistics, PR-linguistics, psycholinguistics and suggestive linguistics. The basic principles of linguistic analysis of media image texts about Ukraine are determined, the expediency of their division into two groups is argued: 1) image texts in which information is presented in order to form a positive image of Ukraine (meliorative image texts), 2) media publications which de jure are not image texts but they are such de facto, for instance, media texts about events in political, economic, social, medical and other areas that in one way or another affect the formation of a negative state image (pejorative image texts). Thus, in particular, analyzing media publications about COVID-19, the author includes materials on the development of domestic tourism and the positive aspects of distance learning to the image texts of the meliorative type. The special role of the projects "Travel around Ukraine" and "Tourist Magnets of Ukraine" for repairing the national image in media is emphasized. In turn, the author notes that despite numerous problems in the field of education, its image in the Ukrainian media is generally constructed in a positive way. In the discourse of linguistic analysis, the main image-forming markers of meliorative image texts are the use of metaphorical language, epithets, lexemes with emotionally evaluative positive connotation, new phraseology with positive semantics etc. At the same time, the author emphasizes that the pejorative image texts caused by COVID-19 are media publications about problems in medical, economic, social etc. industries. To create an atmosphere of fear, hopelessness and panic in media publications of this type, journalists use amplifying modal particles and paraphrases with negative contextual semantics etc. The author summarizes that today's media image of Ukraine is quite contradictory. In the author's belief, in the difficult conditions of a pandemic a mediator should focus on axiological and ethical principles, information hygiene and respect for recipients.
Text in modeling the language consciousness of foreign students
Authors: Zlotnyk-Shagina Olga
Published: January 2021

The article considers the text as the main tool in the process of learning the Ukrainian language for foreign students. The text helps not only in learning the foreign language, but also in learning the mentality and the formation of intercultural competence. That is why the initial postulate of the theory of linguistics in Ukraine is the focus on the study of Ukrainian culture in the process of learning the language through various media and sources of national and cultural information, for example, through the text. For this purpose, texts and tasks for them have been developed, which will later be included in the educational and methodological development intended for foreigners studying the Ukrainian language. The article presents a classification of tasks that accompany the texts by stages of their implementation and examples of such tasks for the rapid study of Ukrainian as a foreign language. The main task of a teacher of Ukrainian as a foreign language is to make the most of the material of the textbook for the development of grammar and language skills and abilities of students, because they need to encourage them to express themselves and prepare for natural communication. The purpose of training always determines the choice of methods. For foreigners studying the Ukrainian language, the motivation is mainly constructive communication with Ukrainian-speakers, official correspondence in the Ukrainian language, i.e. professional activity. And in this aspect, the creative approach to working with the text is an effective solution to educational problems, which is based on the analysis of the relationship between language and speech, speech and thinking, thinking and communication. Therefore, the article presents a practical part of working with the text to learn the Ukrainian language. The textbook for learning Ukrainian as a foreign language is not only a means of teaching foreign students to read in Ukrainian, but also a great opportunity to form and develop their speaking, listening and writing skills, so in the arsenal of every teacher of Ukrainian as a foreign language should be different texts which correspond to the cultural theme as well as the interests and abilities of students.
P. Kulish's "Ukraine" and folk dumas: linguistic and poetic analysis
Authors: Dyadyshcheva-Rosovetska Juliya
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the study of Panteleimon Kulish's search for a productive model of development of the new Ukrainian literary language and ways of its enrichment, in particular at the expense of the language of folklore as an inexhaustible source. A linguistic and poetic analysis of Panteleimon Kulish's large-scale work "Ukraine: From the Beginning of Ukraine to Khmelnytsky's Father" and its comparison with some elements of the linguopoetics of folk dumas of the classical repertoire are presented. The real problems that arise in P. Kulish’s creative work when he tries to achieve a harmonious combination of authentic folk thought words and expressions and stylized author's innovations are demonstrated. The article shows the difficulties in the artist's selection of colored ethnographically linguistic material needed to create a folklore duma's color. The shortcomings of combining the author's elements with fragments of real dumas within one work of art are revealed. This technique is compared with the approach of Taras Shevchenko, who turned to "stylization" or "improvisation" in the folk spirit (M. Kotsyubynska) and isolated the resulting structures structurally, putting in the mouths of certain characters - the Blind or the Witch. The fundamental difference in the approaches to verbal creativity is differentiated on the one hand by the bearer of the oral-poetic tradition, which is only within the possibilities of Ukrainian folklore, and on the other - by the artist of the XIX century - its user, who perceives the folklore tradition not "from within" but "from outside" and addresses the entire literary heritage - domestic and world, as well as folklore - his own and other peoples. The counterproductiveness of some authorial experiments of P. Kulish on dumas samples is illustrated. Their results cannot be considered satisfactory due to illogicality, low intellectual saturation or from an aesthetic point of view. A somewhat excessive exoticism of the author's innovations has been recorded, which attracts the reader's undue attention to them and distorts his perception of the artistic fabric of the poetic work. The question of the specifics of the experimental text of P. Kulish is formulated. What prevails here is the scientific reconstruction of lost fragments of true dumas, the restoration of time-destroyed parts of the national epic, or the demonstration of the author's creative ability to practice folklore improvisation in a work of art. Depending on the answers, a comprehensive assessment can be made.
Metaphenomena in Law: the Structure, Elements, Methodological Aspects, Optimization of Interaction between Theoretical and Meta-Theoretical Levels
Authors: Shakhanov V. V.
Published: January 2021

The science in general and the legal science in particular have different levels of knowledge and cognition: empirical, theoretical, meta-theoretical. Of particular interest is the interaction between theoretical and meta-theoretical levels, as understanding of this process will allow us to approach the understanding of the boundaries of scientific and non-scientific thinking, to distinguish between theory of law and philosophy of law within or beyond the general theory of law. The studies in this field are complicated by the lack of development of metalinguistic means in jurisprudence. Problem issues in this area include the structure of metalinguistic means, their elements, and the relationship with methodology, optimization of interaction between theoretical and meta-theoretical levels. As an innovative tool for studying metalinguistic means, it is possible to use the concept of “boundary of meanings.” Legal phenomena may be influenced by the “boundary of meanings,” in the area of which the uncertainty factor increases. Some phenomena “originate” from the “boundary of meanings,” in connection with which they constantly experience a crisis of self-identification. Blurring of boundaries entails a crisis of self-identification; establishing hard boundaries absolutizes dogmatic principles.The structure of metalinguistic means is represented at two levels: legal metaphenomena of the theoretical level and legal metaphenomena of the philosophical level. Metaphenomena of various levels are in a state of interaction. Philosophical level metaphenomena affect the perception of theoretical level metafenomena; they can correct or significantly alter their content. Metaphenomena of the theoretical level, experiencing crisis states, entail changes in the metaphenomena of the philosophical level (changing the legal paradigms, changing the style of legal thinking, etc.).The study of the issue of optimization of interaction between theoretical and philosophical levels of the legal science with due regard to the heuristic potential of legal metafenomena as a conceptual apparatus of the boundary of meanings combining the theory of law and its philosophy, will allow us to approach the resolution of the question of searching for criteria of scientific and extra-scientific thinking.
Anomalies in the Activities of Camp Courts
Authors: Shkarevskiy D. N.
Published: January 2021

The camp courts have been an important element of the Soviet justice system. The purpose of the paper is to identify the main anomalies in the activities of camp courts. The work is based on unpublished documents stored in the State Archive of the Russian Federation (GARF), the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History (RGASPI), the Joint State Archive of the Chelyabinsk Region (OGACHO). The Department for Camp Courts (UDLS) of the Ministry of Justice of the USSR did not rate the activities of camp courts highly. The main complaints considered massive violations of the norms of substantive and procedural law, lack of generalization of judicial practice, poor organization of trials.In the early 1950s against the backdrop of increasing formal performance of the camp courts, the UDLS criticism became softer. However, it was not possible to maintain these indicators for a long period. Therefore, UDLS returned to the practice of identifying anomalies in the activities of camp courts and continued to criticize them harshly. The quality of investigative work carried out by the Prosecutor's office and the first departments of places of detention was low. Various conflicts and shifting of responsibility were observed in the camp justice bodies. The courts blamed the Prosecutor's offices and the first departments for the low performance of their work, and the latter reciprocated. As a result, the country's leadership concluded that it was necessary to eliminate camp courts as they failed to cope with the task of prompt consideration of cases.The identified anomalies can be explained by the harsh conditions of the camp courts. Their employees worked in an environment of high secrecy, could not exchange experience in periodicals. Regional and the All-Union meetings of workers of camp courts were quite rare. There was an acute shortage of legal literature.
Migration and Legal Regulation of the Admission of Foreign Scientists to the EU to Conduct Scientific Research at European Mega-Science Facilities
Authors: Chetverikov A. O. , Zaplatina T. S.
Published: January 2021

In the context of the reform of migration legislation in Russia, proceeding from the Concept of State Migration Policy of the Russian Federation for 2019-2025 and the Strategy of Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation in 2016, the paper examines the experience of the supranational legal system of the European Union to create a special procedure for the admission of scientists from countries outside the EU, for the purpose of conducting scientific research in EU megascience facilities (experimental reactors, particle colliders, the synchrotrons, etc.).The subject of the study is the provisions of Directive (EU) 2016/801 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 May 2016. "On the Conditions of Entry and Residence of Third-Country Nationals for the Purposes of Research, Studies, Training, Voluntary Service, Pupil Exchange Schemes or Educational Projects and Au Paring" in the part relating to scientists ("Researchers" in the terminology of the Directive).Following the general characteristics (history of adoption, action in time, space and in the circle of persons, conceptual apparatus), the general and special conditions for admission of foreign scientists to the EU, the legal features of "admission agreements" with research organizations of the EU member States and migration documents (residence permits or visas for long-term stay), on the basis of which foreign scientists enter and engage in research activities in the EU, are considered.The final section specifies alternative legal mechanisms for the admission of foreign scientists to the EU — civil law and employment contracts (contracts), including within the framework of the application of EU legislation on the labor migration of highly skilled workers from third countries and the European blue card established by this legislation.
Freedom of association (associations) as the dominant organizational and legal forms of legal entities
Authors: Dekhanov S. A.
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the study of freedom of Association as a variety of political freedoms and the infl uence of the constitutional and legal method of securing freedom of Association (associations) on the organizational and legal forms of legal entities. The author consistently analyzes the French, German and British models of freedom of Association and gives examples of the infl uence of these models on other countries. Freedom of Association has a constitutional and legal form of consolidation in the Russian Federation, which receives the necessary specifi cation in civil legislation by constructing such organizational and legal forms as Association and Union. The author comes to the conclusion that in Russian law, an Association is a constitutional legal institution, while an Association and a Union are civil law institutions. In accordance with paragraph 18 of article 22 of the Federal law “on advocacy in the Russian Federation” and article 23 of the law on relations arising in connection with the establishment, operation and liquidation of the bar Association and law offi ces. The article focuses on the essence of a legal entity and a Corporation. The author believes that the legal structure (concept) of the Corporation originates from the activities of legists and canonists. The corporatist concept of legists covered any legal entities that did not coincide with a natural (natural) person. According to the author, the real turning point in the study of the nature of a legal entity occurred in connection with the activities of F. Savigny and his followers: B. Windscheid and G. Pukhta. The legal entity was also studied by R. Iering, I. Blunchli, O. Gierke and outstanding Russian scientists G. F. Shershenevich, N. M. Korkunov and others. Freedom of Association (associations), French, German, British model of freedom of Association (associations), Constitution, Corporation, ideal goal, business companies, non-profit partnership, bar Association, law office.
Legal regulation of lawyers’ activities according to Justinian’s Digests
Authors: Makarov S. Yu.
Published: January 2021

The article examines the normative regulation of the lawyers’ activities in accordance with the Digests as part of the Codifi cation carried out during the reign and under the leadership of Emperor Justinian the Great. This study is the continuing research on legal regulation activities of lawyers in accordance with the norms of the Code as the main legislative part of the Codifi cation, taking into account that that the legal regulation of public relations by norms of Digests was subsidiary to the regulation of their norms of the Code, but, nevertheless, the norms of Digests had an independent legal signifi cance. It outlines the main aspects, the regulation of which is contained in the Digests — the grounds and measures of disciplinary responsibility of lawyers, misdemeanors for which lawyers were subject to responsibility, grounds for appointing lawyers at the initiative of the court, issues of fee practice — and the norms regulating these aspects. All these issues are discussed in details in the context of the relationship between the advocacy and administrative justice system of the Roman Empire that had a signifi cant importance, since the bar, without having an independent corporate organization, was subordinate to the offi cials, governed administrative-territorial units Empires of various levels. At the same time, the importance of the rules under consideration is emphasized, which represent the opinions of lawyers that have received the force of law and provide an opportunity for conducting a comparative legal study of the problems of the advocacy.
The essence and goals of the defense in the criminal procedure
Authors: Manova N. S. , Sibirtsev G. I.
Published: January 2021

The article investigates questions about the essence of criminal defense, its goals and properties. The authors note that, for all its specifi city, criminal procedural protection has a number of properties inherent in any type of defensive activity, but at the same time its independence is the defi ning property of protection in criminal procedure. The article is devoted to the problems of scientifi c and legislative refl ection of the defense in the criminal procedure. Comparing the history of legal regulation of the defense in criminal proceedings in various European states, the authors come to the conclusion on the lack of the consistent and structural approach in those legislative attempts. At the same time, the article tries to classify scientifi c approaches to the goals and properties of the criminal defense. Based on the analysis of the current legislation, as well as literature, fi ve fundamental properties of the criminal defense (independence, aleatory, proficiency, sub legislative character, efficiency) are identified.
Traditions and digital innovations in training students for the profession of an advocate at a specialized department in a law university
Authors: Korotkova P. E.
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the research of traditional and innovative methods of educating future attorneys. The author analyzes ways which teachers of the Kutafi n Moscow State Law University use to help students to gain essential knowledge in law and in advocacy activity, prepare for the bar-exam and shape required professional skills. The author pays attention to the current active development of the corporate digital advocacy ecosystem including the introduction of digital technologies into the practice of passing the bar qualifi cation exam. The article investigates one of the possible algorithm designs that a bar qualifi cation contender should follow starting from the submission of documents to a regional bar chamber and up to the passing the bar qualifi cation exam. The author gives successful examples of student training through distant learning technologies, such as expert venues organized and conducted by the Department of Legal profession, scientifi c project groups, scientifi c and practical conferences, and also tells about the legal clinic “Pro Bono”, which operates at the O. Е. Кутафafi n Moscow State Law University and which involves teachers of the Department of Legal profession who help students master the necessary skills for their future jobs.
Rhetorical training in higher education as the basis of professional speech practice of a lawyer
Authors: Nikulina I. A.
Published: January 2021

The article examines the speech competencies formed in practical classes in the disciplines “Rhetoric for lawyers” and “Legal rhetoric in the activities of a lawyer”: communicative, textual, lexical and orthological. The article is based on the methodological understanding of rhetoric as an academic discipline that improves the speech-thinking activity of students in the direction of training “jurisprudence”. This is expressed in the ability to create professionally meaningful texts, replenishment of vocabulary in accordance with professional and intellectual needs, solving communication problems at various levels. The author of the article believes that the successful professional speech practice of a lawyer, which requires well-formed communication skills, is due, inter alia, to linguistic training at a university. The purpose of the disciplines of the humanitarian cycle is to form the rhetorical skills of students, necessary to create eff ective argumentation, the ability to speak in public and influence the persuasion of listeners; updating the writing skills of a future lawyer. The author identifi es a number of issues that are most signifi cant in teaching rhetoric, such as the formation of language competence, including communicative, textual, orthological aspects and teaching methods. The latter are based on general didactic teaching methods. Taking into account the specifi cs of training in a law school, the most eff ective is a student-centered approach to learning, namely: methods of explanation, practice, self-esteem, control and self-control. The author describes an example of a lesson methodology aimed at developing the above competencies.