bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physiotherapy in the physical rehabilitation of patients with sequelae of injuries of the lower extremities in Zhitomir of rehabilitation facilities
Authors: Zhelezniy O.D. , Zasik G.B. , Mukhin V.M. , Skliarova N.O.
Published: January 2015

Purpose : to study the physical properties and therapeutic effect of mechanical factors in the pathogenetic treatment in traumatology. Material : 622 patients were studied with the consequences of injuries of the lower extremities (age 18-64 years). Observations carried out since 2005 in hospitals and medical health institutions of Zhitomir. Selected physiotherapy factors that are mainly used for the physical rehabilitation of patients in trauma. Results : identified the factors that were intended to eliminate the consequences of injuries of the lower extremities. Analyzed their effect in the author's method of complex rehabilitation of patients. Performed systematization selected physiotherapy factors in a table to read and understand forms. In the medical health institutions in the city of Zhytomyr investigated and established the effectiveness of the recommendations. Conclusions : physical factors cause the body general, non-specific and specific response to each type of impact. This allows you to selectively influence the pathogenic elements of the disease. Should strictly adhere to the indications and contraindications to the use of physiotherapy factor. It is necessary to take into account age, sex, and comorbidity.
Micropillar Compression of MoSi2 Single Crystals
Authors: Nakatsuka Satoshi , Kishida Kyosuke , Inui Haruyuki
Published: January 2015

Deformation behavior of MoSi2 has been studied by micropillar compressions of single crystalline specimens prepared by focused ion beam (FIB) technique as a function of crystal orientation at room temperature. Activation of the {011}<100> and {01$\overline 3$}<331> slip systems were observed in the micropillars compressed along [$\overline 1$10] and [0 15 1], respectively. The CRSS values for each slip system exhibit an approximate power law relationship with the edge length of micropillar. The {01$\overline 3$}<331> slip exhibit much stronger size-dependence than the {011}<100> slip system.
Two Decades of The Oncologist
Authors: Chabner Bruce A.
Published: January 2015

The Editor-in-Chief reflects on the advances in oncology witnessed by the journal in its first two decades.
Air Pollution and Its Control
Authors: Lukacs J. , Rossano A.T.
Published: January 2015

This paper deals with the more important aspects of air pollution, stressing the role of the engineer in its control. The three basic criteria of atmospheric pollution - the source, the meteorological conditions and the effects of pollution - are discussed, and, with these in mind, consideration is given to air pollution in Alberta. Finally, a program for air quality control is proposed.

Introduction

Air pollution is a complex and pervasive problem. However, it is the intent of this paper to point out some of the more important aspects of atmospheric contamination, particularly the role of the petroleum and chemical engineer in an air resource management program.
Monitoring, Controlling and Optimizing Pattern Waterflood Performance with the Computer
Authors: Davies C.A.
Published: January 2015

This paper describes a method, currently in use, which helps maintain control of a pattern-type waterflood and requires a minimum of supervision. The control is accomplished by using the computer to automatically schedule production and injection on a monthly basis, having taken into account the previous months' production and injection volumes. The program also calculates the monthly and cumulative voidage status of each pattern. A minimum of supervision has been achieved through the use of seven brief information reports which present all the pertinent data required to supervise the flood. The program produces the monthly operations report for distribution to the Unit partners and a considerable amount of organized data necessary to study the effectiveness of the flood and to allow a more accurate prediction of future equipment requirements.
The Significance of Post-Injection Pressure in Well Treatments
Authors: Shaw G.C.
Published: January 2015

The behaviour of wellhead pressure immediately following the injection of liquids or slurries used in well completion and workover treatments can often indicate the success of the operation. Because the rate of wellhead pressure build-down after injection is related to the transmissibility of the exposed formation to the treating fluid, an interpretation of the success or failure of the fluid to communicate with the reservoir is possible. Treatments designed to plug-up or clean-out formation flow channels can both be evaluated. Several examples are given· which illustrate how immediate estimates of treatment effectiveness and well quality can be made. Such early appreciation can speed completion and workover operations. The importance of improved data collection is stressed and a minor change in fracturing job procedure is suggested. Reference is made to additional knowledge that may be gained by quantitative analysis of post-injection pressures.
K-Values in the Reservoir
Authors: Lohrenz John
Published: January 2015

Vapour-liquid equilibrium K-values for in-situ reservoir fluids are predicted from experimental data and/or correlations. In either case, "perfect" K-values for reservoir calculations are unattainable. Further, the given reservoir fluid compositions may be in error. How do these errors in K-values and compositions affect the results of computations? The question is not simple because it has many answers, depending on the type of computation, the composition and the conditions. To answer the question, saturation pressure, flash and solubility computations were performed for black oil, volatile oil and gas condensate reservoir fluids. Computations were performed with the various arbitrary "errors" that occur. The magnitude of the effect of these errors can then be defined.
Equipment Performance in an Alberta High-Pressure Steam Injection
Authors: Brusset M.J. , Edgington A.N. , Gilmour R.F.
Published: January 2015

An experimental steam injection project conducted by Northwestern Refining Co. and McWood Corporation during 1966 at Hughenden, Alberta has shown that it is feasible to inject high-pressure steam (1,500–1,600 psig) at high rates (22 MM Btu per hour) into a sandstone reservoir containing an 18°-A.P.I.-gravity crude oil at a depth in excess of 2,500 feet without experiencing serious mechanical problems and without excessive heat losses. Conventional gas-fired treaters have proved adequate in handling any emulsion problems encountered to date.
Modelling of a Thermally Stimulated Oil Reservoir - An Evaluation of Theoretical and Numerical Methods
Authors: Flock D.L. , Quon D. , Leal M.A. , Thachuk A.R.
Published: January 2015

A two-dimensional mathematical model was formulated to describe the injection or steam into an oil reservoir assuming that a step-function satisfactorily approximates the actual temperature profile within the permeable sand. The model was applied to a homogeneous isotropic reservoir to calculate the temperature in the surrounding strata and the thermal efficiency of the injection process. For a particular set of reservoir conditions, the comparison of the results with a published analytical solution for the one-dimensional case showed that there exists a particular injection rate and pay thickness below which the one-dimensional heat transfer model may not be valid. A second model was formulated to describe the backflow period. The thermal behaviour of the non-permeable strata was accounted for by dividing the surrounding formation into two sets of semi-infinite concentric cylinders and applying the one-dimensional heat flow equation to each shell. The fluid mechanics aspect was described by applying Darcy's equation under plug-fluid flow conditions. With the exception of viscosity, all physical properties were assumed to be independent of temperature and were calculated at an average temperature. The trend of the results of two example calculations is consistent with that generally observed from pilot tests reported in Western Canada.
The Oil Sands of Alberta
Authors: Webber H.J.
Published: January 2015

The heavy hydrocarbon deposits in the Cold Lake area of Alberta are described, and some observations on other Alberta oil sands, particularly the Athabasca deposit, are presented.

Introduction

This contribution was presented in a slightly different form at the Seventh World Petroleum Congress in Mexico City in April, 1967 as a discussion under Panel Discussion No. 13, "Occurrence and Prospects of Tar Sands," of a paper by Dr. P. H. Phizackerley and Miss L. O. Scott entitled "The Major Tar Sand Deposits of the World." In accordance with Congress rules against printing of discussions, this contribution is not being published in the Proceedings of the Congress. The purpose of this presentation is to supplement the recorded summary of 'world oil sands deposits with a discussion of the important Cold Lake deposits and with selected observations on the nature and properties of the other Alberta deposits, particularly the Athabasca deposit.
The True-Positive Rate of a Screening Questionnaire for Temporomandib-ular Disorders
Authors: Nishiyama Akira , Otomo Natsuko , Tsukagoshi Kaori , Tobe Shoko , Kino Koji
Published: January 2015

Background:

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) occur at an incidence of 5–12% in the general population. We aimed to investigate the rate of true-positives for a screening questionnaire for TMD (SQ-TMD) and differences in the characteristics between the true-positive and false-negative groups.
Materials and

Methods:

Seventy-six individuals (16 men, 60 women; mean age, 41.1 ± 16.5 years) were selected from pa-tients with TMD who had visited the Temporomandibular Joint Clinic at Tokyo Medical and Dental University. The patients were assessed using a questionnaire that contained items on TMD screening (SQ-TMD); pain intensity (at rest, maximum mouth-opening, and chewing), as assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS); and TMD-related limitations of daily func-tion (LDF-TMD). A logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the factors potentially influencing the true-positive rate.

Results:

Of the 76 subjects, 62 (81.6%) were true-positive for the questionnaire based on the SQ-TMD scores. The mean VAS score for maximum mouth-opening and chewing and the mean LDF-TMD score were significantly greater in the true-positive group than those in the false-negative group. The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that only the VAS score for chewing was a statistically significant factor (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The true-positive rate of TMD using SQ-TMD was very high. The results indicate that SQ-TMD can be used to screen TMD in patients with moderate or severe pain and difficulty in living a healthy daily life.
Atypical Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in a Holt Oram Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Mace James , Reddy Srikanth , Mohil Randeep
Published: January 2015

We present a case report of a patient diagnosed with Holt-Oram syndrome (HOS) presenting with clinical and electrophysiologically confirmed carpal tunnel syndrome. Pre-operative Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an abnormal course of the median nerve; as such an atypical incision and approach were carried out to decompress the nerve to excellent post operative clinical effect. To our knowledge this is the first description of abnormal nervous course in a patient with HOS leading to peripheral entrapment. A literature surrounding the important aspects of HOS to the orthopaedic surgeon is presented concomitantly.
Persistent Wound Drainage After Tumor Resection and Endoprosthetic Reconstruction of the Proximal Femur
Authors: Hettwer Werner H. , Horstmann Peter F. , Grum-Schwensen Tomas A. , Petersen Michael M.
Published: January 2015

Purpose:

To examine the prevalence of prolonged wound drainage (PWD) after tumor resection and endoprosthetic reconstruction of the hip.

Methods:

Retrospective review of 86 consecutive patients with metastatic bone disease, malignant hematologic bone disease or bone sarcoma, treated with tumor resection and subsequent endoprosthetic reconstruction of the proximal femur, between 2010 and 2012, in a single center.

Results:

PWD for 7 days or more was observed in 41 cases (48%). The wounds only ceased oozing after a mean of 8.4 days, leading to prolonged administration of prophylactic antibiotics (mean 8.7 days) and length of hospital stay (mean 10.2 days). Total femur replacement, bone sarcoma and additional pelvic reconstruction were identified as significant independent risk factors for an even longer duration of PWD.

Conclusion:

Compared to conventional hip arthroplasty, PWD appears to be significantly more prevalent in patients undergoing tumor arthroplasty procedures of the hip. Given the potentially increased risk for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), increased awareness, identification and implementation of adequate strategies for prevention and treatment of this avoidable complication are warranted.
Assessing Implicit Mate Preferences among Chinese and Japanese Women by Providing Love, Sex, or Money Cues
Authors: Jin Zheng , Shiomura Kimihiro , Jiang Lizhu
Published: January 2015

Love, sex, and money are the most direct cues involved in the fundamental forms of mate preferences. These fundamental forms are not mutually exclusive but are interrelated. As a result, humans base their mate choices on multiple cues. In this study, 62 undergraduate women ( M age = 20.4 yr., SD = 1.4) from China and Japan served as the participants. They performed a variation of the semantic priming task, in which they were instructed to decide by means of a key-press whether the target was human or non-human. The primes were images that portrayed potent evolutionary factors for mate preference (i.e., love, sex, and money), and the manipulation was based on whether the prime and target matched regarding gender, independent of the target decision task (human vs non-human). Participants gave faster responses to male targets than to female targets under priming. The results generally supported the evolutionary premises that assume mate preference is determined by fundamental forms of providing emotional (love), material (money), and fertility support (sex). The money priming effect was stronger in the Chinese women than in the Japanese women, suggesting that social context may influence mate preferences.
The Kyoto Protocol and the JUSCANNZ/Umbrella Group Countries - Party and Political System-Conditioned Determinants
Authors: Gnaś Herbert
Published: January 2015

Global Warming and the Kyoto Protocol are tssues that raise many controverts. This matter is especially visible in the countries which formed the JUSCANNZ, later renamed the Umbrella Group, which is an alliance in the climate negotiations process that consists of non-European Union developed states that - above all - oppose new greenhouse gases emissions reductions commitments under the Kyoto Protocol. The Kyoto Protocol itself and the aforementioned commitments were and still are the sources of conflicts on the international and country levels. On the country level these conflicts are highly noticeable in four Umbrella Group countries: United States, Australia, New Zealand and Canada and they occurred on various levels in regard to the Kyoto Protocol: negotiation (case of the United States), ratification (cases of the United States and Australia), implementation (cases of the Australia and New Zealand) and a level that can be called a “withdrawal" level (case of Canada). All these conflicts were caused by differences in main political parties' positions towards the Kyoto Protocol and/or by differences in the look on that matter presented by the legislative branch and the executive branch. In this article the abovementioned issues will be examined.
Determinants of Poland's Endeavors for the Accession to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Authors: Błazejcżyk Artur
Published: January 2015

Analysis of the consequences of power balance disturbance in the Central-Eastern Europe after the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact and regaining sovereignty by states remaining under the dominance of the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics after World War II leads to recognizing Poland's accession to NATO as Poland's indisputable diplomatic success providing it with a new instrument serving to implement its
The Affiliation between State and Churches: The Case Study of Greece
Authors: Koutras Nikos
Published: January 2015

The issue of State-Church relations should be examined in detail, to reveal why Christian Orthodox Church and State in Greece are two sides of the same coin. For many centuries, both Christian Orthodox Church and State have been the pillars of social cohesion in Greek society. This paper highlights the importance of Church and State separation in Greece nowadays.
Мовна політика в Україні в умовах парламентських виборів 2012 року
Authors: Терес Наталія
Published: January 2015

Стаття присвячена особливостям здійснення мовної політики в Україні, її змісту, обумовленого ступенем поширення і вживання української та російської мов, мов національних меншостей. Розкриваються причини і перебіг політичної боротьби навколо мовного питання в умовах ухвалення Закону України «Про засади державної мовної політики в Україні» напередодні парламентських виборів 2012 року, особливостям мовного питання в перевиборних програмах лідерів парламентських перегонів.
Перспективи зовнішньої політики України з огляду на результати… парламентських виборів 2012 в оцінках оглядачів
Authors: Яковенко Наталя
Published: January 2015

В статті представлено оцінки ЗМІ, спостерігачів міжнародних організацій, провідних полі- тиків щодо перебігу парламентських виборів 2012 року в Україні, висунуто прогнози стосовно подальшого зовнішньополітичного курсу новообраної Верховної Ради.
Application of new bioformulations of Pseudomonas aureofaciens for biocontrol of cotton seedling damping-off
Authors: Samavat Samaneh , Heydari Asghar , Zamanizadeh Hamid Reza , Rezaee Saeed , Aliabadi Ali Alizadeh
Published: January 2015

Pseudomonas aureofaciens (30-84) is a phenazine producing bacterium and reported as asuccessful biocontrol agent of some
plant fungal pathogens. In the present study, the possibility of biological control of cotton damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani
(AG-4) through phenazine production by the 30-84 strain, was investigated. In the search for the development of bioformulations of
Pa (m) (PhzR–) and Pa (w) (PhzR+) strains of 30-84, four new carriers including soybean meal (SM), cottonseed meal (CM), rice bran
(RB), and talc powder (TAL) were selected. The efficacy of bacterial formulations in reducing disease incidence was evaluated in four
intervals (15, 30, 45, and 60 days after sowing), and compared with each bacterial suspension efficacy under green-house conditions.
The results revealed that organic carriers were more effective than talc powder. It was also found that all the bioformulations were
more efficient than each bacterial suspension. The most effective in reducing disease incidence was Pa (w) + RB. In contrast, Pa (m),
Pa (m) + TAL, and Pa (m) + RB did not significantly suppress the disease in comparison with the infested control. Thus, phenazine
production as a main biocontrol mechanism of P. aureofaciens (30-84) may be affected by the kind of carriers used for the bioformulation
development.
Characterization of Aspergillus section Flavi from pistachio soils in Iran
Authors: Houshyarfard Mahmoud , Rouhani Hamid , Falahati-Rastegar Mahrokh , Malekzadeh-Shafaroudi Saeid , Mehdikhani-Moghaddam Esmat , Probst Claudia
Published: January 2015

During 2012, soil samples from commercial pistachio orchards in three major production regions include Rafsanjan (Kerman
Province, center of Iran), Damghan (Semnan Province, north-central Iran) and Feyz-Abad (Khorasan-e Razavi Province, northeastern
Iran), were assayed on Dichloran Rose-Bengal Chloramphenicol agar (DRBC) and Aspergillus flavus-parasiticus agar media to
quantify populations of Aspergillus species from the section Flavi. The mean propagule density of Aspergillus species from the Flavi
section [log10 (CFU/g soil)] was higher in Feyz-Abad (3.06, 2.88–3.24), compared to Damghan (2.55, 2.44–2.65) and Rafsanjan (2.40,
2.26–2.54). A. flavus (69.7, 65.3 and 57.9%), A. parasiticus (19.6, 25.4, and 29.3%), and A. nomius (10.7, 9.3, and 12.8%) were the predominant
species in the regions of Rafsanjan, Damghan, and Feyz-Abad, respectively. There were significant differences among sclerotia
producing isolates of A. flavus in the sampling regions (p < 0.05). The percentage of sclerotium-producing isolates of A. flavus from Rafsanjan
(14.5%) was much lower than Damghan (39.5%) and Feyz-Abad (41.4%). The A. flavus isolates from Damghan, Rafsanjan, and
Feyz-Abad were toxigenic at 53.7%, 61.6%, and 60.4%, respectively. In Rafsanjan, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), and AFB1 + AFB2 (aflatoxin B2)
ranged from 274 to 553 ppb (393±17.11) and 394 to 3745 ppb, respectively, while AFB1, and AFB1 + AFB2 ranged from 257 to 392 ppb
(285±13.18) and 415 to 1658 ppb, respectively, in Damghan. We found 16 and 20 vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) for 41 and
37 nit mutant producing isolates of A. flavus from Rafsanjan and Damghan, respectively. From Damghan the VCG diversity for A.
flavus isolates was greater (54%) than from Rafsanjan (39%). Because there were a few number of sclerotium-producing isolates of
A. flavus, we did not determine the relationships between sclerotium production with VCGs and/or geographical distribution in the
three pistachio production regions. This study was the first to determine the strain and VCG diversity of A. flavus soil isolates from
Iranian pistachio orchards.
Book Reviews
Authors: Dunne Derek
Published: January 2015

A Year of Shakespeare: Re-living the World Shakespeare Festival, ed. Paul Edmondson, Paul Prescott and Erin Sullivan, 2013. Pp. 320; Shakespeare Beyond English: A Global Experiment, ed. Susan Bennett and Christie Carson, 2013. Pp. 341
Proposed Model of Predicting the Reduced Yield Axial Load of Reinforced Concrete Columns Due to Casting Deficiency Effect
Authors: Achillopoulou Dimitra , Karabinis Athanasios
Published: January 2015

The study deals with the investigation of the effect of casting deficiencies- both experimentally and analytically on axial yield load or reinforced concrete columns. It includes 6 specimens of square section (150x150x500 mm) of 24.37 MPa nominal concrete strength with 4 longitudinal steel bars of 8 mm (500 MPa nominal strength) with confinement ratio ωc=0.15. Through casting procedure the necessary provisions defined by International Standards were not applied strictly in order to create construction deficiencies. These deficiencies are quantified geometrically without the use of expensive and expertise non-destructive methods and their effect on the axial load capacity of the concrete columns is calibrated trough a novel and simplified prediction model extracted by an experimental and analytical investigation that included 6 specimens. It is concluded that: a) even with suitable repair, load reduction up to 22% is the outcome of the initial construction damage presence, b) the lower dispersion is noted for the section damage index proposed, c) extended damage alters the failure mode to brittle accompanied with longitudinal bars buckling, d) the proposed model presents more than satisfying results to the load capacity prediction of repaired columns.
Numerical Modelling of Time-Dependent Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Structure with Use of B3 Model
Authors: Koktan Jiří , Brožovský Jiří
Published: January 2015

The paper proposes an implementation of creep analysis of reinforced concrete structures which utilizes the B3 model and the direct stiffness method for reinforced concrete frames. The analysis is based on a numerical integration and it is implemented in an algorithmic programming language. There is presented a solution with the mentioned approaches which is compared with solution based on the EN 1992-1-1 technical standard.
Numerical Modelling of Air Flow Attributes in a Contractions Chamber
Authors: Michalcová Vladimíra , Kuznětsov Sergej , Pospíšil Stanislav
Published: January 2015

The article describes air flow turbulent attributes in the enclosed chamber of a rectangular cross-section contraction for the purpose of confirming its optimal shape. The task is solved numerically using Ansys Fluent software. Right models were selected based on the evaluated results at a contraction's outlet which were compared to the physics experiment
Seasonal and interannual variations in ice melange and its impact on terminus stability, Jakobshavn Isbræ, Greenland
Authors: Cassotto Ryan , Fahnestock Mark , Amundson Jason M. , Truffer Martin , Joughin Ian
Published: January 2015

We used satellite-derived surface temperatures and time-lapse photography to infer temporal variations in the proglacial ice melange at Jakobshavn Isbræ, a large and rapidly retreating outlet glacier in Greenland. Freezing of the melange-covered fjord surface during winter is indicated by a decrease in fjord surface temperatures and is associated with (1) a decrease in ice melange mobility and (2) a drastic reduction in iceberg production. Vigorous calving resumes in spring, typically abruptly, following the steady up-fjord retreat of the sea-ice/ice-melange margin. An analysis of pixel displacement from time-lapse imagery demonstrates that melange motion increases prior to calving and subsequently decreases following several events. We find that secular changes in ice melange extent, character and persistence can influence iceberg calving, and therefore glacier dynamics over daily-to-monthly timescales, which, if sustained, will influence the mass balance of an ice sheet.
Electroactive Tissue Scaffolds with Aligned Pores as Instructive Platforms for Biomimetic Tissue Engineering
Authors: Hardy John , Cornelison R. , Sukhavasi Rushi , Saballos Richard , Vu Philip , Kaplan David , Schmidt Christine
Published: January 2015

Tissues in the body are hierarchically structured composite materials with tissue-specific chemical and topographical properties. Here we report the preparation of tissue scaffolds with macroscopic pores generated via the dissolution of a sacrificial supramolecular polymer-based crystal template (urea) from a biodegradable polymer-based scaffold (polycaprolactone, PCL). Furthermore, we report a method of aligning the supramolecular polymer-based crystals within the PCL, and that the dissolution of the sacrificial urea yields scaffolds with macroscopic pores that are aligned over long, clinically-relevant distances (i.e., centimeter scale). The pores act as topographical cues to which rat Schwann cells respond by aligning with the long axis of the pores. Generation of an interpenetrating network of polypyrrole (PPy) and poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) in the scaffolds yields electroactive tissue scaffolds that allow the electrical stimulation of Schwann cells cultured on the scaffolds which increases the production of nerve growth factor (NGF).
Computational Studies of the Intestinal Host-Microbiota Interactome
Authors: Christley Scott , Cockrell Chase , An Gary
Published: January 2015

A large and growing body of research implicates aberrant immune response and compositional shifts of the intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of many intestinal disorders. The molecular and physical interaction between the host and the microbiota, known as the host-microbiota interactome, is one of the key drivers in the pathophysiology of many of these disorders. This host-microbiota interactome is a set of dynamic and complex processes, and needs to be treated as a distinct entity and subject for study. Disentangling this complex web of interactions will require novel approaches, using a combination of data-driven bioinformatics with knowledge-driven computational modeling. This review describes the computational approaches for investigating the host-microbiota interactome, with emphasis on the human intestinal tract and innate immunity, and highlights open challenges and existing gaps in the computation methodology for advancing our knowledge about this important facet of human health.
Design of a Tumorigenicity Test for Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC)-Derived Cell Products
Authors: Kawamata Shin , Kanemura Hoshimi , Sakai Noriko , Takahashi Masayo , Go Masahiro
Published: January 2015

Human Pluripotent Stem Cell (PSC)-derived cell therapy holds enormous promise because of the cells’ “unlimited” proliferative capacity and the potential to differentiate into any type of cell. However, these features of PSC-derived cell products are associated with concerns regarding the generation of iatrogenic teratomas or tumors from residual immature or non-terminally differentiated cells in the final cell product. This concern has become a major hurdle to the introduction of this therapy into the clinic. Tumorigenicity testing is therefore a key preclinical safety test in PSC-derived cell therapy. Tumorigenicity testing becomes particularly important when autologous human induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC)-derived cell products with no immuno-barrier are considered for transplantation. There has been, however, no internationally recognized guideline for tumorigenicity testing of PSC-derived cell products for cell therapy. In this review, we outline the points to be considered in the design and execution of tumorigenicity tests, referring to the tests and laboratory work that we have conducted for an iPSC-derived retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell product prior to its clinical use.
Comparative Study on Corrosion Protection of Reinforcing Steel by Using Amino Alcohol and Lithium Nitrite Inhibitors
Authors: Lee Han-Seung , Ryu Hwa-Sung , Park Won-Jun , Ismail Mohamed
Published: January 2015

In this study, the ability of lithium nitrite and amino alcohol inhibitors to provide corrosion protection to reinforcing steel was investigated. Two types of specimens—reinforcing steel and a reinforced concrete prism that were exposed to chloride ion levels resembling the chloride attack environment—were prepared. An autoclave accelerated corrosion test was then conducted. The variables tested included the chloride-ion concentration and molar ratios of anti-corrosion ingredients in a CaOH2-saturated aqueous solution that simulated a cement-pore solution. A concentration of 25% was used for the lithium nitrite inhibitor LiNO2, and an 80% solution of dimethyl ethanolamine ((CH3)2NCH2CH2OH, hereinafter DMEA) was used for the amino alcohol inhibitor. The test results indicated that the lithium nitrite inhibitor displayed anti-corrosion properties at a molar ratio of inhibitor of ≥0.6; the amino alcohol inhibitor also displayed anti-corrosion properties at molar ratios of inhibitor greater than approximately 0.3.
Preparation and Application of Crosslinked Poly(sodium acrylate)-Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles as Corrosion Inhibitors for Carbon Steel Alloy
Authors: Atta Ayman , El-Mahdy Gamal , Al-Lohedan Hamad , El-Saeed Ashraf
Published: January 2015

This work presents a new method to prepare poly(sodium acrylate) magnetite composite nanoparticles. Core/shell type magnetite nanocomposites were synthesized using sodium acrylate as monomer and N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as crosslinker. Microemulsion polymerization was used for constructing core/shell structures with magnetite nanoparticles as core and poly(sodium acrylate) as shell. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to characterize the nanocomposite chemical structure. Transmittance electron microscopy (TEM) was used to examine the morphology of the modified poly(sodium acrylate) magnetite composite nanoparticles. These particle will be evaluated for effective anticorrosion behavior as a hydrophobic surface on stainless steel. The composite nanoparticles has been designed by dispersing nanocomposites which act as a corrosion inhibitor. The inhibition effect of AA-Na/magnetite composites on steel corrosion in 1 M HCl solution was investigated using potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Polarization measurements indicated that the studied inhibitor acts as mixed type corrosion inhibitor. EIS spectra exhibit one capacitive loop. The different techniques confirmed that the inhibition efficiency reaches 99% at 50 ppm concentration. This study has led to a better understanding of active anticorrosive magnetite nanoparticles with embedded nanocomposites and the factors influencing their anticorrosion performance.
Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Some Novel Thiazoles, Thiadiazoles, and Pyrido[2,3-d][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidin-5(1H)-ones Incorporating Triazole Moiety
Authors: Gomha Sobhi , Ahmed Sayed , Abdelhamid Abdou
Published: January 2015

Reactions of hydrazonoyl halides and each of methyl 2-(1-(5-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)ethylidene)hydrazine-1-carbodithioate and 2-(1-(5-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)ethylidene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide afforded 2-(1-(5-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)ethylidene)hydrazono)-3-phenyl-5-substituted-2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazoles and 5-(4-substituted)diazenyl)-2-(2-(1-(5-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)ethylidene)hydrazinyl)-4-arylthiazoles, respectively. Analogously, the reactions of hydrazonoyl halides with 7-(5-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-5-phenyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(1H)-one gave 3-(4-substituted)-8-(5-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-6-phenyl-1-arylpyrido[2,3-d]-[1,2,4]-triazolo-[4,3-a]pyrimidin- 5(1H)-ones in a good yield. The structures of the newly synthesized were elucidated via elemental analysis, spectral data and alternative synthesis routes whenever possible. Twelve of the newly synthesized compounds have been evaluated for their antitumor activity against human breast carcinoma (MCF-7) and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines. Their structure activity relationships (SAR) were also studied. The 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivative 9b (IC50 = 2.94 µM) has promising antitumor activity against the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line and the thiazole derivative 12a has promising inhibitory activity against both the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line and the breast carcinoma cell line (IC50 = 1.19, and 3.4 µM, respectively).
Beyond the Excluded Volume Effects: Mechanistic Complexity of the Crowded Milieu
Authors: Kuznetsova Irina , Zaslavsky Boris , Breydo Leonid , Turoverov Konstantin , Uversky Vladimir
Published: January 2015

Macromolecular crowding is known to affect protein folding, binding of small molecules, interaction with nucleic acids, enzymatic activity, protein-protein interactions, and protein aggregation. Although for a long time it was believed that the major mechanism of the action of crowded environments on structure, folding, thermodynamics, and function of a protein can be described in terms of the excluded volume effects, it is getting clear now that other factors originating from the presence of high concentrations of “inert” macromolecules in crowded solution should definitely be taken into account to draw a more complete picture of a protein in a crowded milieu. This review shows that in addition to the excluded volume effects important players of the crowded environments are viscosity, perturbed diffusion, direct physical interactions between the crowding agents and proteins, soft interactions, and, most importantly, the effects of crowders on solvent properties.
Functionalized Solid Electrodes for Electrochemical Biosensing of Purine Nucleobases and Their Analogues: A Review
Authors: Sharma Vimal , Jelen Frantisek , Trnkova Libuse
Published: January 2015

Interest in electrochemical analysis of purine nucleobases and few other important purine derivatives has been growing rapidly. Over the period of the past decade, the design of electrochemical biosensors has been focused on achieving high sensitivity and efficiency. The range of existing electrochemical methods with carbon electrode displays the highest rate in the development of biosensors. Moreover, modification of electrode surfaces based on nanomaterials is frequently used due to their extraordinary conductivity and surface to volume ratio. Different strategies for modifying electrode surfaces facilitate electron transport between the electrode surface and biomolecules, including DNA, oligonucleotides and their components. This review aims to summarize recent developments in the electrochemical analysis of purine derivatives, as well as discuss different applications.
Ethanol Microsensors with a Readout Circuit Manufactured Using the CMOS-MEMS Technique
Authors: Yang Ming-Zhi , Dai Ching-Liang
Published: January 2015

The design and fabrication of an ethanol microsensor integrated with a readout circuit on-a-chip using the complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-microelectro -mechanical system (MEMS) technique are investigated. The ethanol sensor is made up of a heater, a sensitive film and interdigitated electrodes. The sensitive film is tin dioxide that is prepared by the sol-gel method. The heater is located under the interdigitated electrodes, and the sensitive film is coated on the interdigitated electrodes. The sensitive film needs a working temperature of 220 °C. The heater is employed to provide the working temperature of sensitive film. The sensor generates a change in capacitance when the sensitive film senses ethanol gas. A readout circuit is used to convert the capacitance variation of the sensor into the output frequency. Experiments show that the sensitivity of the ethanol sensor is 0.9 MHz/ppm.
A DECISION SUPPORT TOOL FOR CONTAINER TERMINAL OPTIMIZATION WITHIN THE BERTH SUBSYSTEM
Authors: Stojaković Maja , Twrdy Elen
Published: January 2015

The article deals with a current problem faced by all ports: how to enable container terminals to keep up with the development of container ships, which, due to economies of scale, are constantly increasing in size. One solution that can help small container ports solve this problem is a use of a Decision Support Tool (DST). The DST is based on simulations and identifications of the container terminal components that require optimization for the reception of the desired ship size in a given port. It consists of the six parts of the terminal that define the operational ship-to-shore system that determines the quality of service when a ship is in the port. A DST was tested on the real data of twelve Mediterranean container terminals. Special focus was made on the optimization possibilities of the container terminal in the port of Koper.
La coopération énergétique israélo-chypriote
Authors: Berthelot Pierre
Published: January 2015

La découverte d’abondantes ressources gazières en Méditerranée orientale pourrait alourdir les contentieux géopolitiques qui y sont déjà très intenses. C’est à partir de l’analyse du rapprochement israélo-chypriote, récent et inédit, que seront évalués ces risques de confrontation alors qu’au départ ce potentiel gazier était censé représenter un atour majeur pour cette zone voire pour l’Europe, par ailleurs peu impliquée dans la recherche d’une solution.
Une Guerre de mots ? Les Philippines aux marges du conflit mondial, 1914-1918
Authors: Guéraiche William
Published: January 2015

Il semble logique que les Philippines, colonie américaine en 1914, soient restées à l’écart de la Grande Guerre d’une part en raison de sa localisation géographique et d’autre part en raison de la longue période de neutralité des États-Unis. Sur la moyenne durée, les Philippines ont pourtant été un terrain d’expérimentation des techniques de renseignement utilisées par les Américains après 1917. L’entrée tardive des États-Unis dans la guerre doublée des réticences du colonisateur ont freiné la création d’une armée philippine. Mais tout bien considéré, les Philippins ont été indifférents au déroulement du conflit et plus concernés par le débat sur l’indépendance qui se cristallise autour de la loi Jones en 1916 et de ses conséquences.
La Brigade canadienne de Sibérie (Vladivostok et Omsk), octobre 1918 - juin 1919
Authors: Tremblay Yves
Published: January 2015

En 1918-1919 le Canada fournit trois contingents pour aider les forces anti-bolchéviques, dont l’un doit opérer à partir de Vladivostok. Mais ce contingent arrive tard et ne participe pas aux opérations. Deux raisons l’expliquent : d’une part, l’hostilité du cabinet à une décision prise par le Premier ministre Borden (qui était à Londres) sans consultation suffisante ; d’autre part, pendant la préparation et le transport du contingent, l’Armistice survient, ce qui rend difficilement justifiable le maintien sous les drapeaux de soldats pour une opération lointaine qui n’est pas populaire. La mission est un échec. Curieusement, le processus politique au plus haut niveau et les règles d’engagement restrictives imposées aux chefs sur place ressemblent aux conditions qui rendront difficiles les missions de paix auxquelles le Canada s’associera à partir de la fin des années 1950.
Maîtres et élèves : psychopathologie de l'enseignement
Authors: Malgat Robin , Brokmann Pierre
Published: January 2015

Afin d’explorer les mécanismes psychopathologiques à l’œuvre dans la transmission, les auteurs se sont intéressés à un dispositif singulier : celui de l’enseignement clinique du couple maître-élève. Les auteurs mettent en évidence que l’acte de transmission nécessite d’introduire une triangulation, faisant apparaître un troisième personnage, le patient. Partant, ils examinent le jeu d’identifications honteuses auquel l’élève est confronté. Ils confrontent ce modèle à celui de l’adoption, faisant de l’enseignement un processus de nouvelle affiliation. Ils en dégagent les processus en jeu ainsi que leurs possibles échecs. Ils exposent enfin les obligations auxquelles le maître est soumis, entre maîtrise et pertes, avant d’envisager le dernier acte de transmission, au cours duquel il sera à nouveau confronté à la culpabilité, que les auteurs proposent de dépasser par l’humilité et l’humour.
Le piège de la déflation
Authors: Département analyse et prévision
Published: January 2015

Depuis 2010, la plupart des pays industrialisés ont engagé une stratégie de réduction des déficits budgétaires. Cette stratégie a cassé la reprise naissante de l’économie mondiale et plongé à nouveau la zone euro en récession. L’austérité et la récession y furent en effet amplifiées par la crise des dettes souveraines et la forte hausse des taux d’intérêt. Si les efforts budgétaires se sont poursuivis en 2014, ils se sont néanmoins atténués dans la zone euro, ce qui avait laissé entrevoir une accélération de la croissance. La reprise escomptée ne s’est cependant pas matérialisée, à l’exception de l’Espagne. La France est restée en situation de stagnation et l’Italie en récession. Même l’Allemagne, principal moteur de la zone euro, donne des signes de ralentissement. Par conséquent, la divergence avec les États-Unis ou le Royaume-Uni devient de plus en plus grande. Même si l’austérité est moins importante en moyenne, elle reste significative pour certains pays, d’autant plus que les multiplicateurs sont élevés. En outre, si les taux nominaux ont baissé, les taux réels ont augmenté avec la chute des taux d’inflation. Enfin, l’appréciation de l’euro en 2013 a également réduit ou atténué les efforts faits pour améliorer la compétitivité dans la zone euro. Par ailleurs, la situation des banques porte encore les stigmates de la crise comme le reflète l’augmentation des créances douteuses dans de nombreux pays. Les bilans des agents non-financiers restent également dégradés, ce qui obère les perspectives de croissance. Cette situation s’avère d’autant plus dangereuse que le risque déflationniste se précise. Les forces qui pourront conduire la zone euro vers la déflation sont à l’œuvre. Le chômage de masse contraint la dynamique des salaires. Les dévaluations internes sont encouragées car elles sont perçues comme un outil pour regagner en compétitivité et retrouver le chemin de la croissance. Elles conduisent cependant des pays fortement intégrés commercialement à s’engager dans une course sans fin et dangereuse.
History of the T-Scan System Development from 1984 to the Present Day
Authors: Kerstein, DMD Robert B.
Published: January 2015

Since its inception in 1984, Computerized Occlusal Analysis technology has revolutionized both dental Occlusal Science and daily clinical practice, by bringing objective precision measurement to the largely subjectively analyzed Dental Medicine discipline of Occlusion. The evolution of this technology has required much iteration over the past 30 years beginning with T-Scan I, then T-Scan II for Windows®, to T-Scan III with Turbo recording, to the present day version known as T-Scan 8. Numerous authors since the mid-1980s have studied the various T-Scan versions, which inspired the manufacturer to improve the hardware and its recording sensors to be more accurate, repeatable, and precise. The software has also evolved such that the present day T-Scan 8 includes many high-tech measurement tools that aid the clinician in diagnosing and treating a wide range of occlusal abnormalities. This chapter's specific aims are to detail the evolution of the differing T-Scan system versions while describing the many scientific studies that inspired important system improvements to the T-Scan's accuracy and repeatability from version to version.
T-Scan 8 Recording Dynamics, System Features, and Clinician User Skills
Authors: Kerstein, DMD Robert B. , Anselmi Robert
Published: January 2015

The newly designed T-Scan 8 Computerized Occlusal Analysis system represents the state-of-the-art in occlusal diagnosis. The reliability of the system's high definition recording sensors, the many occlusal analysis timing and force software features, and the modern-day computer hardware electronics that record occlusal function in 0.003 second real-time increments affords a clinician unparalleled occlusal contact timing and force information with which to predictably diagnose and treat many occlusal abnormalities. T-Scan 8 represents the culmination of 30 years of T-Scan technology innovation and development with revised desktop graphics and less toolbar buttons for simpler graphical display designed to shorten the T-Scan learning curve. The chapter also discusses five useful diagnostic occlusal recordings employed when treating commonly observed occlusal problems. Lastly, the chapter outlines the three Learning Levels of T-Scan mastery that must be accomplished for a clinician to become an effective and competent T-Scan user.
Periodontal Treatment and Computerized Occlusal Analysis
Authors: Cohen, DDS, MS, PhD Nicolas
Published: January 2015

This chapter addresses the ongoing controversy regarding occlusion's role in the progression of periodontal disease. Occlusal force has been considered a non-factor in the initiation of periodontal attachment loss. However, the absence of a validated measuring device or quantifying method for analyzing the occlusion has contributed to the confusion that still exists in the scientific community today about the relationship between periodontal disease and occlusion. The development of the T-Scan occlusal measurement technology, which is independent of a clinician's occlusal contact force level subjective assessment, may change the scientific opinion about occlusion's role in periodontal disease. This chapter illustrates how the T-Scan 8 system aids in treating patients who have tissue loss and occlusal issues. Notably, after the major etiologic risk factors of periodontal disease have been controlled, adjusting the occlusion with the T-Scan improves healing outcomes resulting in less inflammation, decreased probing depths, and bone level stability.