bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioengineered 3D Living Fibers as In Vitro Human Tissue Models of Tendon Physiology and Pathology
Authors: Calejo Isabel , Labrador‐Rached Claudia J. , Gomez‐Florit Manuel , Docheva Denitsa , Reis Rui L. , Domingues Rui M. A. , Gomes Manuela E.
Published: May 2022

Clinically relevant in vitro models of human tissue's health and disease are urgently needed for a better understanding of biological mechanisms essential for the development of novel therapies. Herein, physiological (healthy) and pathological (disease) tendon states are bioengineered by coupling the biological signaling of platelet lysate components with controlled 3D architectures of electrospun microfibers to drive the fate of human tendon cells in different composite living fibers (CLFs). In the CLFs‐healthy model, tendon cells adopt a high cytoskeleton alignment and elongation, express tendon‐related markers (scleraxis, tenomodulin, and mohawk) and deposit a dense tenogenic matrix. In contrast, cell crowding with low preferential orientation, high matrix deposition, and phenotypic drift leading to increased expression of nontendon related and fibrotic markers, are characteristics of the CLFs‐diseased model. This diseased‐like profile, also reflected in the increase of COL3/COL1 ratio, is further evident by the imbalance between matrix remodeling and degradation effectors, characteristic of tendinopathy. In summary, microengineered 3D in vitro models of human tendon healthy and diseased states are successfully fabricated. Most importantly, these innovative and versatile microphysiological models offer major advantages over currently used systems, holding promise for drugs screening and development of new therapies.
Low Temperature Heating of Silver‐Mediated Exfoliation of MoS2
Authors: Heyl Max , Grützmacher Sarah , Rühl Steffen , Ligorio Giovanni , Koch Norbert , List‐Kratochvil Emil J. W.
Published: May 2022

The need for high‐quality large‐scale monolayers of layered materials pushes the development of scalable gold‐mediated exfoliations. Gold proves to be a suitable adhesive for exfoliation of several 2D materials. However, the extension to other noble metals remains underwhelming as gold outperforms all previously studied metals by a large margin. This is attributed to compromised stability against oxidation and surface contamination of less noble metals, leading to nonideal interfaces for exfoliation. The closest competitor to gold is silver, where gold still leads by a factor 100 regarding exfoliated layer size. In this work, a silver‐mediated exfoliation process performing on par with gold is presented. The combination of freshly cleaved silver surfaces with a low‐temperature annealing is found to be crucial. The exfoliation yield shows a dependence with annealing temperature, leading to loss in exfoliation performance for higher temperature. Raman studies indicate inhomogeneous strain for the MoS2/Ag interface at these temperatures, which hints at the competing factors of thermal activation versus oxidation of silver. Finally, a transfer process is implemented to promote silver to a fully functional exfoliation substrate. Ultimately, heating up exfoliations tips the strict balance between interfacial interactions and surface contaminations toward robust high monolayer yield exfoliation as demonstrated for silver.
Robust Flexo‐Catalysis in Centrosymmetric Nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Zhen , Wen Xinrong , Wang Yang , Jia Yanmin , Wang Feifei , Yuan Guoliang , Wang Yaojin
Published: May 2022

Flexoelectricity has trigged emergent phenomena and functionalities, such as flexo‐resistance, flexo‐photovoltaic, photo‐flexoelectric, flexo‐electronics and so on. Analogous to piezocatalysis, the flexoelectric effect can provide a novel mechanism to enhance the sonochemical redox reactions. Here, by extending flexoelectricity to electrochemical functionality, an unprecedented phenomenon is demonstrated of flexo‐catalysis effect in centrosymmetric nanoparticles to degrade organic dyes. Simulations have been performed to elucidate the bubble cavitation induced strain gradients and polarization variation, and in turn the flexoelectricity induced reactive species have been verified by trapping experiment. The flexo‐catalytic results show that more than 92.2% of Rhodamine B can be degraded at a rate of ≈k = 0.6 h−1. This finding not only suggests a new strategy to generate the flexoelectric effect, but also opens up the possibility to extend existing catalytic techniques.
Direct Writing of Shape‐Gradient Magnetic Alloy Microwire Arrays with Meniscus‐Confined Electrodeposition Process
Authors: Nie Weiye , Lei Yu , Zhang Yifan , Gao Qingqing , Chen Jiangang , Zhang Xianyun , Yuan Lifeng , Cheng Yuchuan , Sun Aihua , Wang Gang , Xu Gaojie , Guo Jianjun
Published: May 2022

Gradient magnetic micro/nanowire arrays have attracted widespread attention due to their interesting properties. However, fabricating such an ordered array of gradient micro/nanowires with controllable diameters and compositions is still a great challenge to most of the current methods. Here, meniscus‐confined electrodeposition (MCED) technique is adopted for the rapid prototyping of the shape‐gradient magnetic Cu/Co‐alloy microwire arrays by adjusting the printing speed continuously, which provides a novel idea for the preparation and performance research of shape‐gradient magnetic alloy microwire arrays with well‐defined structures. It is found that the key to fabricating controllable gradient alloy micro/nano structures by increasing the printing speed is to continuously stretch the meniscus within the stable range of the meniscus. In the range of incremental speed in this study, the shape‐gradient magnetic alloy wires with stable and uniform compositions and dense internal structures can be successfully prepared, and the gradient ratio can be adjusted from 0 to about 0.025. Compared with the uniform‐diameter array, the shape‐gradient magnetic alloy array shows an improvement in remanence and coercive force.
Functional Tumor Targeting Nano‐Systems for Reprogramming Circulating Tumor Cells with In Situ Evaluation on Therapeutic Efficiency at the Single‐Cell Level
Authors: Ren Xiao‐He , He Xiao‐Yan , Xu Chang , Han Di , Cheng Si‐Xue
Published: May 2022

Tumor heterogeneity is primarily responsible for treatment resistance and cancer relapses. Being critically important to address this issue, the timely evaluation of the appropriateness of therapeutic actions at the single‐cell level is still facing challenges. By using multi‐functionalized nano‐systems with the delivery vector composed of histone for plasmids loading, hyaluronic acid for tumor targeting, and a fusion peptide for C‐X‐C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4） targeting as well as nuclear localization, the reprogramming of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) with in situ detection on biomarkers at the single‐cell level is realized. By efficient co‐delivery of the genome editing plasmid for CXCR4 knockout and molecular beacons for detection of upregulated mRNA biomarkers into CTCs in unprocessed whole blood, the therapeutic outcomes of genome editing at the single‐cell level can be in situ evaluated. The single‐cell analysis shows that CXCR4 in CTCs of cancer patients is efficiently downregulated, resulting in upregulated anticancer biomarkers such as p53 and p21. The study provides a facile strategy for in‐depth profiling of cancer cell responses to therapeutic actions at single‐cell resolution to evaluate the outcomes of treatments timely and conveniently.
Emergent Multifunctional Magnetic Proximity in van der Waals Layered Heterostructures
Authors: Choi Eun‐Mi , Sim Kyung Ik , Burch Kenneth S. , Lee Young Hee
Published: May 2022

Proximity effect, which is the coupling between distinct order parameters across interfaces of heterostructures, has attracted immense interest owing to the customizable multifunctionalities of diverse 3D materials. This facilitates various physical phenomena, such as spin order, charge transfer, spin torque, spin density wave, spin current, skyrmions, and Majorana fermions. These exotic physics play important roles for future spintronic applications. Nevertheless, several fundamental challenges remain for effective applications: unavoidable disorder and lattice mismatch limits in the growth process, short characteristic length of proximity, magnetic fluctuation in ultrathin films, and relatively weak spin–orbit coupling (SOC). Meanwhile, the extensive library of atomically thin, 2D van der Waals (vdW) layered materials, with unique characteristics such as strong SOC, magnetic anisotropy, and ultraclean surfaces, offers many opportunities to tailor versatile and more effective functionalities through proximity effects. Here, this paper focuses on magnetic proximity, i.e., proximitized magnetism and reviews the engineering of magnetism‐related functionalities in 2D vdW layered heterostructures for next‐generation electronic and spintronic devices. The essential factors of magnetism and interfacial engineering induced by magnetic layers are studied. The current limitations and future challenges associated with magnetic proximity‐related physics phenomena in 2D heterostructures are further discussed.
Micro‐Gel Ensembles for Accelerated Healing of Chronic Wound via pH Regulation
Authors: Cui Tingting , Yu Jiafei , Wang Cai‐Feng , Chen Su , Li Qing , Guo Kun , Qing Renkun , Wang Gefei , Ren Jianan
Published: May 2022

The pH value in the wound milieu plays a key role in cellular processes and cell cycle processes involved in the process of wound healing. Here, a microfluidic assembly technique is employed to fabricate micro‐gel ensembles that can precisely tune the pH value of wound surface and accelerate wound healing. The micro‐gel ensembles consist of poly (hydroxypropyl acrylate‐co‐acrylic acid)‐magnesium ions (poly‐(HPA‐co‐AA)‐Mg2+) gel and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) gel, which can release and absorb hydrogen ion (H+) separately at different stages of healing in response to the evolution of wound microenvironment. By regulating the wound pH to affect the proliferation and migration of cell on the wound and the activity of various biological factors in the wound, the physiological processes are greatly facilitated which results in much accelerated healing of chronic wound. This work presents an effective strategy in designing wound healing materials with vast potentials for chronic wound management.
Perovskite‐Gallium Nitride Tandem Light‐Emitting Diodes with Improved Luminance and Color Tunability
Authors: Li Zong‐Tao , Zhang Hong‐Wei , Li Jia‐Sheng , Cao Kai , Chen Ziming , Xu Liang , Ding Xin‐Rui , Yu Bin‐Hai , Tang Yong , Ou Jian‐Zhen , Kuo Hao‐Chung , Yip Hin‐Lap
Published: May 2022

Tandem structures with different subpixels are promising for perovskite‐based multicolor electroluminescence (EL) devices in ultra‐high‐resolution full‐color displays; however, realizing excellent luminance‐ and color‐independent tunability considering the low brightness and stability of blue perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) remains a challenge. Herein, a bright and stable blue gallium nitride (GaN) LED is utilized for vertical integration with a green MAPbBr3 PeLED, successfully achieving a Pe‐GaN tandem LED with independently tunable luminance and color. The electronic and photonic co‐excitation (EPCE) effect is found to suppress the radiative recombination and current injection of PeLEDs, leading to degraded luminance and current efficiency under direct current modulation. Accordingly, the pulse‐width modulation is introduced to the tandem device with a negligible EPCE effect, and the average hybrid current efficiency is significantly improved by 139.5%, finally achieving a record tunable luminance (average tuning range of 16631 cd m−2 at an arbitrary color from blue to green) for perovskite‐based multi‐color LEDs. The reported excellent independent tunability can be the starting point for perovskite‐based multicolor EL devices, enabling the combination with matured semiconductor technologies to facilitate their commercialization in advanced display applications with ultra‐high resolution.
Evolution of selfing syndrome and its influence on genetic diversity and inbreeding: A range‐wide study in Oenothera primiveris
Authors: Cisternas‐Fuentes Anita , Jogesh Tania , Broadhead Geoffrey T. , Raguso Robert A. , Skogen Krissa A. , Fant Jeremie B.
Published: May 2022

Premise

To avoid inbreeding depression, plants have evolved diverse breeding systems to favor outcrossing, such as self‐incompatibility. However, changes in biotic and abiotic conditions can result in selective pressures that lead to a breakdown in self‐incompatibility. The shift to increased selfing is commonly associated with reduced floral features, lower attractiveness to pollinators, and increased inbreeding. We tested the hypothesis that the loss of self‐incompatibility, a shift to self‐fertilization (autogamy), and concomitant evolution of the selfing syndrome (reduction in floral traits associated with cross‐fertilization) will lead to increased inbreeding and population differentiation in Oenothera primiveris. Across its range, this species exhibits a shift in its breeding system and floral traits from a self‐incompatible population with large flowers to self‐compatible populations with smaller flowers.

Methods

We conducted a breeding system assessment, evaluated floral traits in the field and under controlled conditions, and measured population genetic parameters using RADseq data.

Results

Our results reveal a bimodal transition to the selfing syndrome from the west to the east of the range of O. primiveris. This shift includes variation in the breeding system and the mating system, a reduction in floral traits (flower diameter, herkogamy, and scent production), a shift to greater autogamy, reduced genetic diversity, and increased inbreeding.

Conclusions

The observed variation highlights the importance of range‐wide studies to understand breeding system variation and the evolution of the selfing syndrome within populations and species.
First reported cases with Xia‐Gibbs syndrome from India harboring novel variants in AHDC1
Authors: Danda Sumita , Datar Chaitanya , Kher Archana , Deshpande Tanmay , Thomas Maya Mary , Oommen Samuel P.
Published: May 2022

We report here two girls from different Indian families identified with novel variants in the AT Hook DNA Binding Motif Containing 1 gene (AHDC1) causing Xia‐Gibbs syndrome. The diagnosis was made by clinical exome in both cases. Inconsistent dysmorphic features such as dolichocephaly in the first patient and brachycephaly in the second were observed. Prominent jaw and gelastic seizures were other features of patient 1. Thus, this syndrome, with developmental delay, poor expressive language and overlapping clinical phenotype requires the utility of next generation sequencing for diagnostic confirmation.
Parkinson's Disease Derived Exosomes Aggravate Neuropathology in SNCA*A53T Mice
Authors: Huang Yang , Liu Zongran , Li Na , Tian Chen , Yang Han , Huo Yanfei , Li Yang , Zhang Jing , Yu Zhenwei
Published: May 2022

Objective

Accumulation of α‐synuclein (α‐syn) in neurons is a prominent feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). Recently, researchers have considered that extracellular vesicles (EVs) may play an important role in protein exportation and propagation, and α‐syn‐containing EVs derived from the central nervous system (CNS) have been detected in peripheral blood. However, mechanistic insights into CNS‐derived EVs have not been well‐described.

Methods

Likely neurogenic EVs were purified from the plasma of PD patients and healthy controls using a well‐established immunoprecipitation assay with anti‐L1CAM‐coated beads. A Prnp‐SNCAA53T transgenic PD mouse model was used to evaluate the neuronal pathology induced by PD‐derived L1CAM‐purified EVs. EV‐associated microRNA (miRNA) profiling was used to screen for altered miRNAs in PD‐derived L1CAM‐purified EVs.

Results

PD patient‐derived L1CAM‐purified (likely neurogenic) EVs facilitated α‐syn pathology and neuron loss in Prnp‐SNCAA53T transgenic PD mice. The miRNA, novel_miR_44438, was significantly increased in the PD group, which promoted α‐syn accumulation and neuronal degeneration in a dose‐dependent manner. Novel _miR_44438 directly targets NDST1 mRNA and inhibits the function of heparan sulfate, thus preventing exosome biogenesis and α‐syn release from exosomes.

Interpretation

Novel_miR_44438 in PD‐derived L1CAM‐purified EVs inhibits the α‐syn efflux from neurons thereby promoting the pathological accumulation and aggregation of α‐syn. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:230–245
Bimetallic Fe–Cu metal organic frameworks for room temperature catalysis
Authors: Khosravi Faezeh , Gholinejad Mohammad , Sansano José M. , Luque Rafael
Published: May 2022

Bimetallic Fe–Cu MOF was effectively synthesized through a one‐pot solvothermal process and successfully characterized by TEM, XPS, SEM, XRD, BET, EDX, elemental mapping, and FT‐IR analysis. This bimetallic MOF was employed as a catalyst in the reduction of nitroarenes at room temperature and as well as in the reduction of dyes, for example, methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB). Results pointed to Fe–Cu MOF exhibiting outstanding catalytic performance for both room temperature reactions. The catalytic activity of Fe–Cu MOF in comparison with Fe‐MOF and Cu‐MOF in the nitroarenes reduction indicated a superior activity compared with single‐metal MOFs. Activity of Fe–Cu MOF catalyst did not change after its recycling and reusing for seven consecutive cycles in nitrobenzene reduction.
Impact of denticity of chromone/chromene thiosemicarbazones in the ruthenium(II)‐DMSO complexes on their cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells
Authors: Balakrishnan Nithya , Haribabu Jebiti , Dharmasivam Mahendiran , Swaminathan Srividya , Karvembu Ramasamy
Published: May 2022

Denticity plays a prominent role in the cytotoxicity of metal complexes. The impact of ligand denticity of chromone/chromene thiosemicarbazones (TSCs) in the Ru(II)‐DMSO complexes on the cytotoxicity of cancer cells was evaluated. Ru(II)‐DMSO complex containing tridentate chromone TSC (D1) exhibited better in vitro anticancer activity than the one with bidentate chromene TSC (D2). Using the optimized structures of the complexes, the reason behind the same was attributed to the thermodynamically stable nature of the tridentate system. Hydrolysis study of the complexes showed the kinetically labile nature of the chloride ligand in the tridentate species with respect to the bidentate counterpart. The selective cytotoxicity of complex D1 against breast cancer cells and its less toxicity against normal cells demonstrated the effective anticancer potential of the complex. Further, the binding efficacy of the complexes against DNA and BSA, along with imaging and flow cytometry experiments, warranted the effective cell death induced by the complexes against breast cancer cells via apoptosis.
Effect of carbon nanotube location and dispersed phase on the dielectric properties of polypropylene/high‐density polyethylene/carbon nanotube nanodielectrics
Authors: de Carvalho Diego , Becker Daniela , Dalmolin Carla
Published: May 2022

The effect of carbon nanotube location and dispersed phase on the dielectric properties of nanocomposites with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and polypropylene/high‐density polyethylene (PP/HDPE) blends was investigated. Different compatibilizers styrene‐ethylene‐buthylene‐styrene copolymer (SEBS), ethylene‐propylene‐diene‐methylene rubber (EPDM), and ethylene‐propylene copolymer (EP) were used. In order to obtain a smaller HDPE phase, 0.1%(w/w) of CNT was added to a PP/HDPE (90/10) blend with 3%(w/w) of compatibilizer. Samples were processed in a twin‐screw extruder with a controlled sequential mixing based on thermodynamic (using the wetting parameter, ) and kinetic parameters (such as melting temperature and melting flow indices). FESEM images show the formation of nanoblends for all compositions, with a dispersed morphology with HDPE droplets with a diameter of about 100 nm (measured with ImageJ© software) inside the PP matrix, and TEM images show the CNTs present in both phases. However, compatibilizers seemed to expel the nanoparticles from the dispersed phase, which may have contributed to a reduction of the dielectric constant of the CNT nanocomposites. Dielectric properties were evaluated through Impedance Spectroscopy, showing that CNTs contribute to the interfacial polarization and constant dielectric rise from 3.15@1 Hz (without CNTs) to 16.91@1 Hz (with CNTs, but no compatibilizer).
Palate evolution in early‐branching crocodylomorphs: Implications for homology, systematics, and ecomorphology
Authors: Dollman Kathleen N. , Choiniere Jonah N.
Published: May 2022

Living crocodylomorphs have an ossified secondary palate with a posteriorly positioned choana that enables their semi‐aquatic, predatory ecology. In contrast, the earliest branching members of Crocodylomorpha have an open palate with anteriorly positioned choanae. The evolution of an ossified secondary palate and a posteriorly positioned choana features strongly in hypotheses of broad‐scale phylogenetic relationships within Crocodylomorpha. Renewed investigations into palatal morphology among extinct members of the clade show surprising variability in the anatomy of the palate, with at least one and potentially a second independent occurrence of “eusuchian‐type” palate outside of Eusuchia. Understanding the trajectory of crocodylomorph palatal evolution is, therefore, a key to inferring crocodylomorph interrelationships and ecomorphology. To document early‐branching crocodylomorph palatal anatomy, we developed an anatomical comparative dataset using computed tomography scan data and literature, comprising 12 early‐branching crocodylomorph taxa. To understand discrete phenotypic changes in palatal structure, we compiled a phylogenetically broadly sampled character‐taxon matrix from the existing literature, and revised its palatal characters, adding 10 new palatal characters. Our comparative anatomical investigations allow us to propose an adapted hypothesis for the closure of the palate and the posterior migration of the choana. Our phylogenetic findings corroborate previous research showing that non‐crocodyliform crocodylomorphs (“sphenosuchians”) are paraphyletic, with the exclusion of the clade Hallopodidae. Non‐mesoeucrocodylian crocodyliforms (“protosuchians”) are paraphyletic, but form three monophyletic clades: Notochampsoidea, Shartegosuchoidea, and Gobiosuchidae. We find a potential association between secondary palate development and dietary shifts, particularly with regard to hypothesized origins of herbivory.
Time to vote: Temporal clustering of user activity on Stack Overflow
Authors: Geras Agnieszka , Siudem Grzegorz , Gagolewski Marek
Published: May 2022

Question‐and‐answer (Q&A) sites improve access to information and ease transfer of knowledge. In recent years, they have grown in popularity and importance, enabling research on behavioral patterns of their users. We study the dynamics related to the casting of 7 M votes across a sample of 700 k posts on Stack Overflow, a large community of professional software developers. We employ log‐Gaussian mixture modeling and Markov chains to formulate a simple yet elegant description of the considered phenomena. We indicate that the interevent times can naturally be clustered into 3 typical time scales: those which occur within hours, weeks, and months and show how the events become rarer and rarer as time passes. It turns out that the posts' popularity in a short period after publication is a weak predictor of its overall success, contrary to what was observed, for example, in case of YouTube clips. Nonetheless, the sleeping beauties sometimes awake and can receive bursts of votes following each other relatively quickly.
Synergistically Active Piezoelectrical H2O2 Production Composite Film Achieved from a Catalytically Inert PVDF−HFP Matrix and SiO2 Fillers
Authors: Wang Lingchao , Chen Zhensheng , Zhang Yihe , Liu Chao , Yuan Jinpeng , Liu Yulun , Ge Weiyi , Lin Sen , An Qi , Feng Zeguo
Published: May 2022

Local and decentralized H2O2 production via a piezoelectrical process promises smart biological utilization as well as environmental benefits. However, stable, bio/environmentally safe, and easily applied H2O2 generation materials are still lacking. Here, we report a novel flexible H2O2 generation polymeric film composed of catalytically inert PVDF−HFP (Poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene)) matrix and SiO2 nanoparticle fillers. The film is bio‐/environmentally benign at resting states, but effectively produces H2O2 upon ultrasonic motivation at a production rate of 492 μmol 
in one hour. Experimental and simulation methods in combination indicate that the effective H2O2 generation capabilities stem from the synergistic existence of piezoelectrical fields and the air‐liquid‐solid three‐phase regions around the porous film. The chemical conversions are motivated by the adsorbed charges. The silicon hydroxyl groups properly stabilize the *OOH intermediate and facilitate the chemical conversions of 2e− ORR of ambient O2. We expect the report to inspire H2O2 piezoelectrical generation materials and promote the novel production strategies of H2O2 as well as piezoelectrical functional materials.
Clinical and behavioral attributes leading to sleep disorders in children on the autism spectrum
Authors: Masi Anne , Moni Mohammod Ali , Azim Syeda Ishra , Choi Byungkuk , Heussler Helen , Lin Ping‐I , Diaz Antonio Mendoza , Eapen Valsamma
Published: May 2022

Sleep disorders are a common comorbid condition in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (“autism”). However, the relationship between the clinical features of autism and sleep disorders remains unclear. A better understanding of the inherent autism‐related characteristics linked to comorbid sleep disorders would improve comprehensive assessment and management. This study examined the relationship between sociodemographics, autism symptoms, sleep problems, cognitive status, behavioral attributes, and sensory profiles. Using data from 1268 participants who took part in the Australian Autism Biobank, sleep‐related measurements using the Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) were compared between autistic children aged 2 to 17 (N = 969), their siblings (N = 188), and unrelated children without an autism diagnosis (N = 111). The known relationship between sleep problems and autism was further explored by including scores from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule‐2, Mullen Scales of Early Learning, Vineland Adaptive Behavioral Scale‐II and the Short Sensory Profile‐2; which were included in analyses for autistic participants who had a completed CSHQ. Multiple regression models were used to identify clinical/behavioral variables associated with CSHQ subscales. The autism group had a significantly higher total CSHQ score than the sibling and comparison groups (p < 0.001), indicating worse sleep quality. Within the autism group, lower adaptive behaviors (i.e., VABS‐II) and sensory issues (i.e., SSP‐2 subclass scores) were positively associated with the severity of sleep problems (i.e., the CSHQ subclass scores) (p < 0.001). The significant functional impact of poor sleep on autistic children warrants an assessment of sleep as a critical part of a holistic approach to supporting autistic children and their families.

Lay Summary

Autistic children generally have co‐occurring conditions. Sleep disorders impact approximately 50%–80% of autistic children. The impact on the quality of life for both the children and their families can be significant. This study compares sleep problems in autistic children and adolescents with their siblings and children without a diagnosis of autism, and investigates the relationship between specific autistic traits, daily life behaviors and sleep problems. The findings highlight the importance of a holistic assessment for autistic children and matching appropriate sleep intervention and supports where indicated.
In silico–in vitro estimation of lipophilicity and permeability association for succinimide derivatives using chromatographic anisotropic systems and parallel artificial membrane permeability assay
Authors: Vidović Dunja , Milošević Nataša , Pavlović Nebojša , Todorović Nemanja , Panić Jelena Čanji , Ćurčić Jelena , Banjac Nebojša , Trišović Nemanja , Božić Bojan , Lalić‐Popović Mladena
Published: May 2022

Passive permeability is one of the key features that determine absorbability and one of the most studied properties in the early phases of drug development. Newly synthesized succinimide derivatives from two different series (1‐aryl‐3‐methylsuccinimides and 1‐aryl‐3‐ethyl‐3‐methylsuccinimides) with high biological potential have been subjected to estimation of their passive permeability and their association with (a) experimentally obtained anisotropic lipophilicity, (b) in silico–calculated lipophilicity and (c) in silico–predicted permeability and absorbability. Non‐cellular‐based parallel artificial membrane permeability assay was applied for quantifying their passive permeation, expressed as logPapp. Passive permeation was governed by the lipophilicity of the analysed compounds, and anisotropic lipophilicity was related with statistically significant passive transcellular diffusion (r2 = 0.614, P < 0.001). Moreover, experimentally determined passive permeability, logPapp, was statistically significantly associated with both in silico–predicted absorption constant, ka (r2 = 0.7886, P < 0.001), and human intestinal absorption (HIA) in percentage (r2 = 0.484, P < 0.001), respectively. However, there was no statistically significant relationship between experimentally obtained permeability on non‐cellular‐based model and in silico–predicted Caco‐2 permeability based on the predictions conducted on two different software. Based on the obtained results, anisotropic systems are promising surrogates for determining lipophilicity, except for compounds with acidic functional groups that are completely ionized under (pH = 7.4).
Driving mechanism model of enterprise green strategy evolution under digital technology empowerment: A case study based on Zhejiang Enterprises
Authors: He Zhengxia , Kuai Leyi , Wang Jianming
Published: May 2022

Digital technology innovation is sweeping the world, endowing the development of enterprises with the new feature of “digital + green,” which improves the efficiency of enterprises in implementing green strategy. Previous studies emphasized the driving force of enterprise green strategy evolution under the traditional economic model, but often ignored its driving mechanism under digital technology empowerment. Collecting the data from first‐hand interviews and second‐hand documents and selecting 11 case enterprises in Zhejiang, China, this study adopts multiple case method to construct a driving mechanism model of enterprise green strategy evolution under digital technology empowerment. This study proposed as follows, first, the enterprise green strategy is innovatively divided into five evolution stages (green beginner, green responder, green adapter, green activist, and green leader), and it is found that most case enterprises reached a higher stage. Second, digital technology empowerment affects the enterprise green strategy evolution through the mediating role of managerial perception, enterprise competitive capabilities, data and information elements, enterprise resource utilization efficiency, green product design, and whole process digitalization and digital marketing. Third, corporate governance (including public ownership, ownership concentration, independence, and diversity of the board of directors) significantly and positively moderate between various factors and enterprise green strategy evolution. Finally, a series of policy implications and managers' coping strategies are proposed.
Simple IHC reveals complex MMR alternations than PCR assays: Validation by LCM and next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Amemiya Kenji , Hirotsu Yosuke , Nagakubo Yuki , Watanabe Shunsuke , Amemiya Saki , Mochizuki Hitoshi , Oyama Toshio , Kondo Tetsuo , Omata Masao
Published: May 2022

Evaluation of the status of mismatch repair (MMR) in tumors is crucial for determining the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Conventional PCR (MSI‐PCR) is the gold standard for confirming the MMR status. However, it requires visual confirmation and presents difficulties in determining MMR status. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a simple method and can confirming MMR protein expression in the whole tumor. We aim to investigate IHC is more suitable for evaluating MMR status in the tumor. We compared MSI‐PCR and IHC by testing 319 samples from 284 patients across 14 cancer types. In discordant cases, we performed laser‐capture microdissection and microsatellite instability assay by next‐generation sequencing (MSI‐NGS). The concordance rate between IHC and MSI‐PCR testing was 98.1% (313/319). Two reasons for these discrepancies were ambiguous MSI‐PCR results and heterogeneous MSI status within the tumor. Among six cases (1.9%), three were judged as MSI‐H by MSI‐PCR but with proficient MMR by IHC. The results of MSI‐NGS revealed microsatellite stable in these three cases. The remaining three cases, two of three were MSI‐H and one was MSS in whole tumor in MSI‐PCR. IHC showed a “mosaic” pattern containing both proficient MMR and deficient MMR portions by IHC in all three cases. We performed microdissection and MSI‐PCR and found intratumoral heterogeneity of MMR status. These results indicated the advantages of IHC and performed expanded samples (n = 1082) and two additional mosaic cases were identified. Our results clearly indicated that simple IHC is the best choice for determining MMR alterations in critical cases for ICIs treatment.
Double purse‐string suture surgical wound closure after excision of nipple adenoma of the breast: A case report
Authors: Bimpa Kanelina , Charitou Theodosia , Ziogas Apostolos C. , Kantounis Konstantinos , Xydias Emmanouil , Bobos Mattheos , Tsakos Elias
Published: May 2022

We present a rare case of nipple adenoma in a 53‐year‐old Caucasian woman. The lesion presented with a hemorrhagic nipple surface and was treated with wide surgical excision of the nipple and part of the surrounding areola and with a double purse‐string surgical closure of the remaining areolar area. This technique was considered safe and effective and aimed to reconstruct the nipple area, thus providing the patient with an acceptable aesthetic result. Double purse‐string surgical closure is proposed as a unique and straightforward, oncologically safe surgical procedure. This technique combines complete removal of the nipple adenoma, preservation of the remaining areola, minimization of skin flattening at the reconstructed area, improvement of the long‐term aesthetic result, and provision of a satisfactory surgical option for the patient.
Cognitive behavioral therapy for an individual suffering from chronic pain with overactivity and sleep disturbance: A case report
Authors: Enomoto Kiyoka , Kugo Masato , Fukui Sei , Sasaki Jun
Published: May 2022

Patients suffering from chronic pain (CP) with overactivity frequently experience sleep disturbance. We presented a 35‐year‐old woman suffering from CP. To improve the sleep disturbance of individuals suffering from CP with overactivity, it is important to combine cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia and activity pacing.
The usefulness of OK‐432 for the treatment of postoperative chylothorax in a low‐birth‐weight infant with trisomy 18
Authors: Takahashi Yoshiaki , Kinoshita Yoshiaki , Kobayashi Takashi , Arai Yuhki , Ohyama Toshiyuki , Yokota Naoki , Saito Koichi , Sugai Yu , Takano Shoichi
Published: May 2022

Chylothorax is a rare but life‐threatening condition in neonates. We herein report the successful use of OK‐432 for a low‐birth‐weight infant with trisomy 18 who developed refractory chylothorax after thoracic surgery. Increasing the concentration of OK‐432 seems useful in cases with a lot of pleural effusion.
Cone‐beam computed tomography in the diagnosis of regional odontodysplasia
Authors: Mabrouk Rihab , Chouchene Farah , Maatouk Fethi , Masmoudi Fatma , Baaziz Ahlem , Ghedira Hichem
Published: May 2022

Regional odontodysplasia (RO) in permanent teeth is a rare developmental anomaly of mineralized tissues. Three‐dimensional images and data from CBCT allowed to provide useful information on the degree of tooth calcification and consequently confirm the diagnosis of RO and establish a treatment strategy to minimize future damages and sequels.
The positive short‐term effect of dexamethasone on ataxia symptoms in a patient with ataxia‐telangiectasia: A case report
Authors: Saberi‐Karimian Maryam , Beyraghi‐Tousi Mehran , Jamialahmadi Tannaz , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: May 2022

Oral dexamethasone was administered at a dose of 0.075 mg/kg/day for a boy with ataxia‐telangiectasia. The SARA score was improved by 7.0 points after dexamethasone treatment over a period of 28 days. The body weight was increased by 1.4 kg after 4 weeks leading to dose titration to 0.05 mg/kg/day.
Immune‐mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in a Jehovah’s Witness – Effectiveness of incorporating extracorporeal immunoadsorption to caplacizumab, steroids and rituximab
Authors: Cardesa‐Salzmann Teresa Marta , Stephan Bernhard , Simon Arne , Furtwängler Rhoikos , Schöndorf Dominik , Heine Sabine , Torfah Eyad , Lux Margaux , Meyer Sonja , Graf Norbert
Published: May 2022

We report the case of a Jehovah's Witness adolescent patient with immune‐mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura after SARS‐Cov2 infection successfully treated without therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) using caplacizumab, corticosteroids, rituximab, and extracorporeal immunoadsorption (EIA). Further patients for whom TPE is not an option might benefit from this approach.
Does better environmental, social, and governance induce better corporate green innovation: The mediating role of financing constraints
Authors: Zhai Yuming , Cai Zhenghuan , Lin Han , Yuan Ming , Mao Ye , Yu Mingchuan
Published: May 2022

Green innovation is a key way for firms to establish competitive advantage and contribute to sustainable development, but it often suffers from financing constraints. In this regard, environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices allow firms to have a wider investor base, face lower risk, and generate positive market reactions, ultimately leading to a lower cost of capital, which may potentially alleviate financing constraints and provide strong motivation for green innovation. Combining stakeholder theory with the resource‐based view (RBV), this study investigated how ESG substantially affects corporate green innovation. Based on a zero‐inflated Poisson regression analysis of 1577 listed Chinese manufacturing firms, we found that better ESG could significantly induce better corporate green innovation, and financing constraints acted as a mediator in the relationship between ESG and green innovation. Our findings contribute to a more detailed understanding of the mechanisms by which corporate pro‐social decision‐makings initiate and boost green innovation.
Guidelines to build the bridge between sustainability and integrated management systems: A way to increase stakeholder engagement toward sustainable development
Authors: Vieira Nunhes Thaís , Espuny Maximilian , Lauá Reis Campos Thalita , Santos Gilberto , Bernardo Merce , Oliveira Otávio José
Published: May 2022

The balanced development and management of sustainability demands the alignment of Corporate Sustainability (CS) strategy with management systems so that sustainability can be effectively inserted into all organizational levels and thus promote stakeholder engagement. Therefore, to support the development of CS, the structure, processes, indicators, and instructions of Integrated Management System (IMS) can be used. This study aims to propose guidelines for the alignment of CS and IMS, based on the cross analysis of seven case studies. This objective was achieved through the identification of elements that can positively or negatively impact the alignment of CS with the IMS, which served as the basis for proposing the guidelines to build a bridge for CS development from the IMS. This work brought as a scientific contribution the upgrade of the block of knowledge on the contributions between IMS and CS, bringing some validation of knowledge from scientific articles in the real context of industrial companies, and additions and refinements to the state of the art on the subject. In addition, the applied contribution of the results stands out, which will provide managers with a framework to intervene in organizations with structural modifications that will make them greener, socially appropriate and more profitable, thus promoting the achievement of the global goals of sustainable development proposed in Agenda 2030.
Fast Intercalation of Lithium in Semi‐Metallic γ‐GeSe Nanosheet: A New Group‐IV Monochalcogenide for Lithium‐Ion Battery Application
Authors: Shu Zheng , Cui Xiangyue , Wang Bowen , Yan Hejin , Cai Yongqing
Published: May 2022

Existence of van der Waals gaps renders two‐dimensional (2D) materials ideal passages of lithium for being used as anode materials. However, the requirement of good conductivity significantly limits the choice of 2D candidates. So far, only graphite is satisfying due to its relatively high conductivity. Recently, a new polymorph of layered germanium selenide (γ‐GeSe) was proven to be semimetal in its bulk phase with a higher conductivity than graphite while its monolayer behaves semiconducting. In this work, by using first‐principles calculations, the possibility was investigated of using this new group‐IV monochalcogenide, γ‐GeSe, as anode in Li‐ion batteries (LIBs). The studies revealed that the Li atom would form an ionic adsorption with adjacent selenium atoms at the hollow site and exist in cationic state (lost 0.89 e to γ‐GeSe). Results of climbing image‐nudged elastic band showed the diffusion barrier of Li was 0.21 eV in the monolayer limit, which could activate a relatively fast diffusion even at room temperature on the γ‐GeSe surface. The calculated theoretical average voltages ranged from 0.071 to 0.015 V at different stoichiometry of LixGeSe with minor volume variation, suggesting its potential application as anode of LIBs. The predicted moderate binding energy, a low open‐circuit voltage (comparable to graphite), and a fast motion of Li suggested that γ‐GeSe nanosheet could be chemically exfoliated via Li intercalation and is a promising candidate as the anode material for LIBs.
Energy‐aware relay positioning in flying networks
Authors: Rodrigues Hugo , Coelho André , Ricardo Manuel , Campos Rui
Published: May 2022

The ability to move and hover has made rotary‐wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) suitable platforms to act as flying communications relays (FCRs), aiming at providing on‐demand, temporary wireless connectivity when there is no network infrastructure available or a need to reinforce the capacity of existing networks. However, since UAVs rely on their on‐board batteries, which can be drained quickly, they typically need to land frequently for recharging or replacing them, limiting their endurance and the flying network availability. The problem is exacerbated when a single FCR UAV is used. The FCR UAV energy is used for two main tasks: Communications and propulsion. The literature has been focused on optimizing both the flying network performance and energy efficiency from the communications point of view, overlooking the energy spent for the UAV propulsion. Yet, the energy spent for communications is typically negligible when compared with the energy spent for the UAV propulsion. In this article, we propose energy‐aware relay positioning (EREP), an algorithm for positioning the FCR taking into account the energy spent for the UAV propulsion. Building upon the conclusion that hovering is not the most energy‐efficient state, EREP defines the trajectory and speed that minimize the energy spent by the FCR UAV on propulsion, without compromising in practice the quality of service offered by the flying network. The EREP algorithm is evaluated using simulations. The obtained results show gains up to 26% in the FCR UAV endurance for negligible throughput and delay degradation.
Caffeine content of energy drinks marketed in Brazil
Authors: da Costa Bruno Ruiz Brandão , El Haddad Lohanna Pereira , De Martinis Bruno Spinosa
Published: May 2022

Energy drinks represent a multibillionaire industry that has been growing continuously worldwide. These drinks are especially consumed by young people, athletes, and military personnel due to their claimed “boost” effects. However, there have been concerns about their consumption since incompatibilities regarding the accuracy of the declared caffeine content of these drinks have been reported. Therefore, in this study, we have developed a fast and simple method to quantify caffeine in energy drinks. Sample preparation consisted of a dilute‐and‐shoot process, and analyses were performed by gas chromatography with nitrogen–phosphorus detector (GC‐NPD). The method was applied to quantify caffeine in 37 energy drinks marketed in Brazil. Compared with the labeled caffeine content, 84% of the tested drinks presented caffeine levels in accordance with the specifications. The determined caffeine concentrations ranged from 10 to 67 mg/100 ml, with an average value of 31 mg/100 ml. According to the recommended serving size, no drinks exceeded the safe caffeine daily intake for the general population (400 mg). These findings are more favorable than the results of similar studies. Nevertheless, to avoid caffeine intoxication, energy drink consumers should be aware of three aspects. First, they need to avoid consuming multiple serving doses in short periods of time. Additionally, some energy drinks are labeled as “nutritional supplements,” so they may present much more caffeine than similar products commonly regulated as beverages. Finally, despite the growing interest in energy drinks, their consumption by children and early adolescents is being discouraged by the health authorities.
Effects of sildenafil on symptoms and exercise capacity for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and pulmonary hypertension (the SilHF study): a randomized placebo‐controlled multicentre trial
Authors: Cooper Trond J. , Cleland John G.F. , Guazzi Marco , Pellicori Pierpaolo , Ben Gal Tuvia , Amir Offer , Al‐Mohammad Abdallah , Clark Andrew L. , McConnachie Alex , Steine Kjetil , Dickstein Kenneth
Published: May 2022

Aims

Pulmonary hypertension (PHT) may complicate heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and is associated with a substantial symptom burden and poor prognosis. Sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase‐5 (PDE‐5) inhibitor, might have beneficial effects on pulmonary haemodynamics, cardiac function and exercise capacity in HFrEF and PHT. The aim of this study was to determine the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of sildenafil in patients with HFrEF and indirect evidence of PHT.

Methods and results

The Sildenafil in Heart Failure (SilHF) trial was an investigator‐led, randomized, multinational trial in which patients with HFrEF and a pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) ≥40 mmHg by echocardiography were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive sildenafil (up to 40 mg three times/day) or placebo. The co‐primary endpoints were improvement in patient global assessment by visual analogue scale and in the 6‐min walk test at 24 weeks. The planned sample size was 210 participants but, due to problems with supplying sildenafil/placebo and recruitment, only 69 patients (11 women, median age 68 (interquartile range [IQR] 62–74) years, median left ventricular ejection fraction 29% (IQR 24–35), median PASP 45 (IQR 42–55) mmHg) were included. Compared to placebo, sildenafil did not improve symptoms, quality of life, PASP or walk test distance. Sildenafil was generally well tolerated, but those assigned to sildenafil had numerically more serious adverse events (33% vs. 21%).

Conclusion

Compared to placebo, sildenafil did not improve symptoms, quality of life or exercise capacity in patients with HFrEF and PHT.