bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hospital Procedural Volume and Clinical Outcomes Following Septal Reduction Therapy in Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Altibi Ahmed M. , Ghanem Fares , Zhao Yuanzi , Elman Miriam , Cigarroa Joaquin , Nazer Babak , Song Howard K. , Masri Ahmad
Published: May 2023

Background

Prior national data showed a substantial in‐hospital mortality in septal myectomy (SM) with an inverse volume–outcomes relationship. This study sought to assess the contemporary outcomes of septal reduction therapy and volume–outcome relationship in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Methods and Results

All septal reduction therapy admissions between 2010 to 2019 in the United States were analyzed using the National Readmission Databases. Hospitals were stratified into tertiles of low‐, medium‐, and high‐volume based on annualized procedural volume of alcohol septal ablation and SM. Of 19 007 patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy who underwent septal reduction therapy, 12 065 (63%) had SM. Two‐thirds of hospitals performed ≤5 SM or alcohol septal ablation annually. In all SM encounters, 482 patients (4.0%) died in‐hospital post‐SM. In‐hospital mortality was <1% in 1505 (88.4%) hospitals, 1% to 10% in 30 (1.8%) hospitals, and ≥10% in 167 (9.8%) hospitals. There were 63 (3.7%) hospitals (averaging 2.2 SM cases/year) with 100% in‐hospital mortality. Post‐SM (in low‐, medium‐, and high‐volume centers, respectively), in‐hospital mortality (5.7% versus 3.9% versus 2.4%,
P
=0.003; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.86 [95% CI, 1.70–4.80],
P
=0.001), adverse in‐hospital events (21.30% versus 18.0% versus 12.6%,
P
=0.001; aOR, 1.88 [95% CI, 1.45–2.43],
P
=0.001), and 30‐day readmission (17.1% versus 12.9% versus 9.7%,
P
=0.001; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.53 [95% CI, 1.27–1.96],
P
=0.001) were significantly higher in low‐ versus high‐volume hospitals. For alcohol septal ablation, the incidence of in‐hospital death and all other outcomes did not differ by hospital volume.

Conclusions

In‐hospital SM mortality was 4% with an inverse volume‐mortality relationship. Mortality post‐alcohol septal ablation was similar across all volume tertiles. Morbidity associated with SM was substantial across all volume tertiles.
Strategies to Reduce Racial and Ethnic Inequities in Stroke Preparedness, Care, Recovery, and Risk Factor Control: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Towfighi Amytis , Boden-Albala Bernadette , Cruz-Flores Salvador , El Husseini Nada , Odonkor Charles A. , Ovbiagele Bruce , Sacco Ralph L. , Skolarus Lesli E. , Thrift Amanda G. ,   on behalf of the American Heart Association Stroke Council; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention; Council on Clinical Cardiology; Council on Hypertension; Council on the Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease; and Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease
Published: May 2023

Stroke is a disease of disparities, with tremendous racial and ethnic inequities in incidence, prevalence, treatment, and outcomes. The accumulating literature on the relationship between stroke and social determinants of health (ie, the structural conditions of the places where people live, learn, work, and play) contributes to our understanding of stroke inequities. Several interventions have been tested concurrently to reduce racial and ethnic inequities in stroke preparedness, care, recovery, and risk factor control. It is regrettable that no common theoretical framework has been used to facilitate comparison of interventions. In this scientific statement, we summarize, across the stroke continuum of care, trials of interventions addressing racial and ethnic inequities in stroke care and outcomes. We reviewed the literature on interventions to address racial and ethnic inequities to identify gaps and areas for future research. Although numerous trials tested interventions aimed at reducing inequities in prehospital, acute care, transitions in care, and poststroke risk factor control, few addressed inequities in rehabilitation, recovery, and social reintegration. Most studies addressed proximate determinants (eg, medication adherence, health literacy, and health behaviors), but upstream determinants (eg, structural racism, housing, income, food security, access to care) were not addressed. A common theoretical model of social determinants can help researchers understand the heterogeneity of social determinants, inform future directions in stroke inequities research, support research in understudied areas within the continuum of care, catalyze implementation of successful interventions in additional settings, allow for comparison across studies, and provide insight into whether addressing upstream or downstream social determinants has the strongest effect on reducing inequities in stroke care and outcomes.
Ripartitella degreefii (Tricholomataceae), a new species from tropical Africa
Authors: RIZINDE HAKIZIMANA JEAN-CLAUDE , AMALFI MARIO , DEGREEF JÉRÔME , DESJARDIN DENNIS , DECOCK CONY
Published: May 2023

A new species of Ripartitella, R. degreefii, is proposed based on phylogenetic, morphological, and ecological evidence from specimens collected in medium elevation (1000 to 2100 masl) forests of the Albertine Rift, in the Democratic Republic of Congo and São Tomé (Africa). The species is described and compared to phylogenetically related or morphologically similar species.
Morphology of the early larval stages of Lysmata ankeri Rhyne & Lin, 2006 and Lysmata bahia Rhyne & Lin, 2006 (Caridea: Lysmatidae) and a review of the larval morphology of the early Lysmata stages
Authors: ALMEIDA ANDRÉA SANTOS E , ALVES DOUGLAS FERNANDES RODRIGUES , BARROS-ALVES SAMARA DE PAIVA , PESCINELLI RÉGIS AUGUSTO , COSTA ROGÉRIO CAETANO DA
Published: May 2023

The early larval stages of the shrimps Lysmata ankeri and L. bahia were described, illustrated, and compared among other Lysmata species, providing important information on post-embryonic development and insights into its evolutionary history. Ovigerous specimens of L. ankeri and L. bahia were sampled from southeastern and northeastern Brazilian coast, respectively. For L. ankeri and L. bahia, five and three larval stages were obtained, respectively. Unique features were observed for L. ankeri and L. bahia larvae, and some characteristics may differ only for L. ankeri and L. bahia, which were not observed in the other species analyzed, such as: presence of a pair of simple setae on the third pleonal somite in zoea I and number of setae on the uropod exopod greater than 11. Moreover, several other features are similar between species from the diferent clades of the Lysmata-Exhippolysmata complex, making it possible to identify the early stages of Lysmata larvae. However, future studies will be essential to confirm or not the existence of some phylogenetic patterns and their relevance and other larval characters for better understanding the evolutionary history of this group.
New species, new country distribution records, and a new generic combination of Afrotropical Acrocercopinae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)
Authors: SRUOGA VIRGINIJUS , PRINS JURATE DE
Published: May 2023

Eighteen species of Acrocercopinae are newly reported from Sub-Saharan Africa, twelve of which are described as new to science: Acrocercops crena sp. nov., Cryptolectica convexa sp. nov., C. curvatum sp. nov., Dialectica falcata sp. nov., D. silvana sp. nov., Gibbovalva cingulata sp. nov., Spulerina cuneata sp. nov., S. marginata sp. nov., S. multispina sp. nov., S. patera sp. nov., S. polula sp. nov., Telamoptilia crux sp. nov. The new species are diagnosed and illustrated with photographs of the adults and genitalia. Cryptolectica terminalina (Vári, 1961), comb. nov. (formerly in the genus Acrocercops Wallengren) is proposed. New distribution records are reported for Acrocercops gossypii Vári, 1961, Cryptolectica euryphanta (Meyrick, 1911) and C. terminalina (Vári, 1961) comb. nov. from Cameroon, Dialectica columellina (Vári, 1961) from Kenya, and D. trigonidota (Vári, 1961) from Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Three new species of liocranid spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from China and Nepal
Authors: CHU CHANG , LU YING , LI SHUQIANG , YAO ZHIYUAN
Published: May 2023

Three new species of spiders belonging to the genera Oedignatha Thorell, 1881 and Paratus Simon, 1898 of the family Liocranidae Simon, 1897 are described from China and Nepal: Oedignatha shaanxi sp. nov. (female only; Shaanxi, China), Paratus bagmati sp. nov. (male only; Bagmati, Nepal), and P. ledong sp. nov. (both sexes; Hainan, China). In addition, Liocranidae is reported from Nepal for the first time.
6. Of Academia, Status, and Knowing Your Place
Authors: Stojmenovska Dragana
Published: May 2023

Academic jobs in the Netherlands are seen as high-status jobs. Through recollection of a few social interactions I have had outside, and within the academy, I discuss how my positionality at the intersections of, among others, migration background, gender, and class, is perceived as incongruent with the status associated with being an academic in the Global North. I touch upon matters such as the right to knowledge (re)production and the ascribed and prescribed equivalence of one’s country of origin and the type of work they are expected to do.
8. Eighty Dates around the World
Authors: Shevtsova Maryna
Published: May 2023

This autoethnographic essay focuses on various dimensions of transnational academic mobility. It explores a hybrid identity of an early career researcher in Western academia dealing with internationalisation as a dominant policy discourse in the sector of higher education and with mobility as one of the key mechanisms through which internationalisation takes place. Questioning the ways in which one’s gender, ethnicity, sexuality, and institutional affiliation intersect, the chapter reflects on how identities are constructed and maintained and how uneven distribution of opportunity structures for mobility among geopolitical spaces and social groups impacts one’s self-identity and life chances.
9. Have You Ever Heard of British Hospitality? Neither Have I
Authors: Musliu Vjosa
Published: May 2023

“Why do you want to come to my country; are you going to put my entire existence at risk when you do so; how long will you stay; show me how much money you have before I consider letting you in; are you a terrorist; what is your skin colour”. These questions are the very antidote of hospitality. Yet, they are completely normalized in visa application procedures of Western and European countries. In this auto-ethnographic piece I show the impossibility of British hospitality in its visa procedures for nationals of the Global South. Walking the reader through a personal Kafkaesque visa procedure, I reveal how British hospitality is regulated by governmentality and surveillance, organised by a neoliberal economic model and inherently racist.
Exploring Distress and Occupational Participation Among Older Canadians During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Vesnaver Elisabeth , Dietrich Nicholas , Kirkwood Renata , Ma Jinhui , Guennel Rhianna , Beauchamp Marla , Keller Heather , Macedo Luciana , Astephan Wilson Janie , Vrkljan Brenda
Published: May 2023

Background. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted daily life with corresponding implications on levels of distress. Purpose. To describe factors associated with high distress among community-dwelling older adults during the first lockdown and explore how occupational participation was managed. Methods. A mixed methods design whereby multivariate regression analysis of a survey ( N = 263) identified factors associated with high distress, as per the Impact of Events of Scale-Revised (IES-R). Follow-up interviews with a sub-sample of those surveyed who reflected a range of IES-R scores were conducted ( N = 32). Findings. Those with lower resilience and anxiety/depression had 6.84 and 4.09 greater odds respectively of high distress. From the interviews, the main theme, “Lost and Found,” and subthemes (Interruption and Disruption; Surving, not Thriving; Moving Forward, Finding Meaning) highlighted the process and corresponding stages, including adaptive strategies, by which participants navigated changes in their occupational participation. Implications. While the results suggest that many older adults, including those with high distress, were able to manage daily life under lockdown, some experienced ongoing challenges in doing so. Future studies should focus on those who experienced or who are at-higher risk for such challenges to identify supports that mitigate adverse consequences if another event of this magnitude occurs again.
Family Support Differences Between Immigrant and Non-Immigrant Adolescents Across 30 Countries: Examining the Moderating Role of Cultural Distance, Culture of Origin, and Reception in Receiving Societies
Authors: Abattouy Ouissam , Stevens Gonneke W. J. M. , Walsh Sophie D. , Davison Colleen M.
Published: May 2023

Differing theoretical indications suggest that immigrant adolescents’ perceptions of family support will either be lower or higher than those of their non-immigrant peers. To unravel this inconsistency, current cross-national study examines family support differences between first- and second-generation immigrant and non-immigrant adolescents. It also investigates how these differences vary based on restrictive integration policies, anti-immigrant attitudes, and immigrant density in the receiving country, the obedience orientation of the origin country, and the cultural distance in obedience orientation between the origin- and receiving country. Cross-classified multilevel regression analyses were conducted on data from the 2017 to 2018 Health Behavior in School-aged Children survey with a national representative sample of adolescents from 178 origin countries in 30 receiving countries across Europe, Central Asia, and in Israel. Results revealed the variance in family support was small at the level of the origin country (0.73%) and the community (1.24%), while modest at the receiving country level (10.91%). Family support was slightly lower for adolescents of both immigrant generations compared with non-immigrant adolescents, with greater differences for first-than for second-generation immigrants (respectively d = .16 and d = .02). Differences in family support were unrelated to restrictive integration policies, anti-immigrant attitudes, immigrant density, or obedience orientation. However, family support for second-generation immigrant adolescents decreased more compared with non-immigrants when their cultural distance was greater. Concluding, immigrant adolescents’ lower family support, may reflect their exposure to more stressors than non-immigrants. Cultural distance can amplify these stressors, thereby affecting family support for some immigrants more than others.
Multipathogen Outbreak of Bacillus cereus and Clostridium perfringens Among Hospital Workers in Alaska, August 2021
Authors: Newell Katherine , Helfrich Kathryn , Isernhagen Heidi , Jones Martin , Stickel Gabriela , McKeel Haley , Castrodale Louisa , McLaughlin Joseph
Published: May 2023

Objective:

Clostridium perfringens and Bacillus cereus are common causes of reported foodborne illness. On August 6, 2021, the Alaska Division of Public Health identified a multipathogen gastrointestinal outbreak among hospital staff in Homer, Alaska. The objectives of this study were to identify the outbreak source and prevent future illness.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of hospital staff who participated in luncheon events during August 5-7, 2021, and used an online survey to identify hospital staff with gastrointestinal illness. We defined case patients as people who reported new-onset gastrointestinal illness (diarrhea or abdominal cramping) after food consumption during the luncheon events. We calculated adjusted odds ratios of gastrointestinal illness associated with reported food exposures. We tested available food samples for C perfringens and B cereus and tested case patient stool specimens for C perfringens. We conducted an environmental investigation at the implicated vendor site.

Results:

Of 202 survey responses, 66 (32.7%) people reported acute gastrointestinal illness: 64 (97.0%) reported diarrhea, 62 (94.9%) reported abdominal cramps, and none were hospitalized. Of 79 people who consumed ham and pulled pork sandwiches, 64 (81.0%) met the case definition; this food item was significantly associated with increased odds of gastrointestinal illness (adjusted odds ratio = 296.4; 95% CI, 76.7-2019.1). C perfringens and B cereus were isolated at confirmatory levels from sandwich samples. C perfringens enterotoxin was detected in all 5 stool specimens tested. Environmental investigators observed other food items at the sandwich vendor that were refrigerated outside the required temperature range (>41 °F); no clear handling deficiencies for the implicated food were identified.

Conclusion:

Quick notification and effective collaboration can help detect an outbreak, identify the responsible food vehicle, and mitigate further risk.
Evaluation of Serial Testing After Exposure to COVID-19 in Early Care and Education Facilities, Illinois, March–May 2022
Authors: Holman Emily J. , Winfield Christina M. , Borkowf Craig B. , Kauerauf Judy , Baur Courtney , Ahmed Sana , Funk Michelle , Pinsoneault Anna , Barnes Arti , Hutcherson Hailee , Oberholtzer Zach , Carter Brittani , Ruth Laird J. , Thomas Ebony S.
Published: May 2023

Objective:

To understand SARS-CoV-2 transmission in early care and education (ECE) settings, we implemented a Test to Stay (TTS) strategy, which allowed children and staff who were close contacts to COVID-19 to remain in person if they agreed to test twice after exposure. We describe SARS-CoV-2 transmission, testing preferences, and the number of in-person days saved among participating ECE facilities.

Methods:

From March 21 through May 27, 2022, 32 ECE facilities in Illinois implemented TTS. Unvaccinated children and staff who were not up to date with COVID-19 vaccination could participate if exposed to COVID-19. Participants received 2 tests within 7 days after exposure and were given the option to test at home or at the ECE facility.

Results:

During the study period, 331 TTS participants were exposed to index cases (defined as people attending the ECE facility with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result during the infectious period); 14 participants tested positive, resulting in a secondary attack rate of 4.2%. No tertiary cases (defined as a person with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result within 10 days after exposure to a secondary case) occurred in the ECE facilities. Most participants (366 of 383; 95.6%) chose to test at home. Remaining in-person after an exposure to COVID-19 saved approximately 1915 in-person days among children and staff and approximately 1870 parent workdays.

Conclusion:

SARS-CoV-2 transmission rates were low in ECE facilities during the study period. Serial testing after COVID-19 exposure among children and staff at ECE facilities is a valuable strategy to allow children to remain in person and parents to avoid missing workdays.
No Substitute for In-Person Interaction: Changing Modes of Social Contact during the Coronavirus Pandemic and Effects on the Mental Health of Adults in the UK
Authors: Rouxel Patrick , Chandola Tarani
Published: May 2023

Life-course theories on how social relationships affect mental health are limited in causal claims. The restrictions in social contact during the coronavirus pandemic provided a natural experiment that modified the frequency of in-person contact and allowed us to estimate the effect of changes in in-person social contact frequency on mental health in four large nationally representative age-cohorts of adults living in the UK. There was consistent evidence of a small but statistically significant effect of less frequent social contact on anxiety-depression. Online modes of social contact did not compensate for the restrictions in in-person social contact during the pandemic. Young adults who increased their online social media frequency during the pandemic experienced a deterioration in mental health. Life-course theories cannot ignore the importance of the mode of social contact for social relationships, especially during young adulthood.
Investment Hysteresis: An Empirical Essay Turkish Case
Authors: Yıldırım Koray , Algan Neşe , Bal Harun
Published: May 2023

After the 2008 World Crisis, there is a view that the economic recovery has not been adequate. In this context, the debate on hysteresis and especially investment hysteresis has increased in the last decade. The aim of this study is to analyze the investment hysteresis and the basic dynamics of hysteresis in the Turkish economy. Structural break tests are used to identify hysteresis. Traditional and asymmetric causality tests are used to identify the fundamental dynamics of hysteresis. Investment, GDP, interest rate, and productivity variables are used to analyze investment hysteresis. Structural break tests were applied to the variables, while conventional and asymmetric causality tests were applied between investments and their determinants. Structural break tests prove the existence of hysteresis. According to the Granger causality test, there is no causality from interest rates, GDP and productivity to investments. The fact that interest rates have no effect on investments proves hysteresis. According to the asymmetric causality test, there is no relationship between interest rates and investments. There is an inverse relationship between GDP and investments. There is an asymmetric relationship between productivity and investments. The fact that productivity shocks cause asymmetric effects on investments makes productivity shocks the main dynamic of hysteresis. In addition, there is considerable evidence that the strong hysteresis and high uncertainty of TFP exacerbate investment hysteresis. Therefore, productivity shocks should be taken into account in policymaking for hysteresis.
Neonatal peri-procedural extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the management of tracheo-esophageal fistula/esophageal atresia and left pulmonary agenesis
Authors: Hartman Heather A , Spencer Brianna , Hirschl Ronald B , Elliot Anila B , Thirumoorthi Arul S
Published: May 2023

Congenital tracheo-esophageal fistula/esophageal atresia (TEF/EA) with concomitant pulmonary agenesis is exceedingly rare and has a high mortality rate. While there are several reported cases of successful repair, all but one patient had right-sided pulmonary agenesis. In the case of left-sided pulmonary agenesis, the patient had incomplete agenesis and underwent repair through a left thoracotomy. We present the first successful repair of TEF/EA with complete left-sided pulmonary agenesis. This patient also underwent elective pre-operative veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and subsequent repair of the TEF/EA. We discuss the management, anesthesia risks, and role of periprocedural ECMO in pediatric patients who are high anesthetic risk.
Acceptable nudge strategies to incentivize the use of wearables and physiolytics at work: A Q-methodology examination
Authors: Mettler Tobias , Stepanovic Stefan
Published: May 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic has increased the pressure on organizations to ensure health and safety in the workplace. An increasing number of organizations are considering wearables and physiolytics devices as part of their safe return to work programs so as to comply with governments’ accountability rules. As with other technologies with ambivalent use (i.e., simultaneously beneficial and harmful), the introduction of these devices in work settings is met with skepticism. In this context, nudging strategies as a way of using design, information, and other ways to manipulate behaviors (system 1 nudge) and choices (system 2 nudge) has gained traction and is often applied alongside the introduction of ambivalent technologies with the aim to “nudge” their use. While the feasibility of different nudge strategies is often studied from only a managerial perspective, where employees’ volitional autonomy and dignity is often treated as secondary, we explore which nudges are acceptable from the perspectives of ordinary workers. Using Q-methodology as a more evolutionary and participatory way to design nudges, we describe five basic strategies that are (to varying degrees) acceptable to them: (a) positive reinforcement and fun, (b) controlling the organizational environment, (c) self-responsibility, (d) collective responsibility, and (e) adapting the individual environment. Our findings show that there is a wide range of viewpoints on what is being considered an acceptable nudge and stress the importance of a transparent, equal dialogue between those who design nudges and potential nudgees.
Are People with Aphasia Included in Stroke Trials? A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis
Authors: Vaughan Eileen , Manning Molly X
Published: May 2023

Objective

To examine the proportion of people with aphasia (PwA) included and retained in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of stroke interventions published in the previous 6 years, as well as aphasia-relevant eligibility criteria and inclusion/retention strategies.

Data sources

Comprehensive searching of Embase, PubMed and Medline (Ovid) for the period January 2016 – November 2022.

Review methods

RCTs examining stroke interventions targeting cognition, psychological wellbeing/health-related quality of life (HRQL), multidisciplinary rehabilitation, and self-management were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) Randomised Controlled Trial checklist. Descriptive statistics were applied to extracted data, and results were reported narratively.

Results

Fifty-seven RCTs were included. These examined self-management (32%), physical (26%) psychological wellbeing/HRQL (18%), cognitive (14%), and multidisciplinary (11%) interventions. Of 7313 participants, 107 (1.5%) had aphasia and were included in three trials. About one-third did not report on aphasia (32%); over one quarter required functional communication (28%); one quarter excluded all aphasia (25%); and 14% excluded severe aphasia. No aphasia-specific inclusion/retention strategies were available.

Conclusion

The findings highlight ongoing under-representation. However, due to shortcomings in aphasia reporting, the findings may underestimate actual inclusion rate. Excluding PwA has implications for the external validity, effectiveness, and implementation of stroke research findings. Triallists may require support in aphasia research strategies and methodological reporting.
The effect of attention control and academic motivation on perceived learning in hybrid occupational therapy education
Authors: İnal Özgü , Özkan Esma , Göktaş Ayşe
Published: May 2023

Introduction:

Many of the studies on learning have focused on face-to-face or online learning, and information on hybrid learning is limited. The aim of this study is to examine the predictors of perceived learning in occupational therapy students in terms of different variables in the hybrid education process.

Method:

This study, which was planned in descriptive cross-sectional design, was carried out online using Google Forms. Attentional Control Scale, Academic Motivation Scale, and Perceived Learning Scale were used in this study. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed with the stepwise variable selection method.

Findings:

The coefficient of the Academic Motivation Scale Amotivation variable, which made the greatest contribution to the variance rate explained by the regression model, was −0.407. A one-unit increase in the Academic Motivation Scale Intrinsic Motivation and Academic Motivation Scale Extrinsic Motivation variables caused an increase in the Perceived Learning Scale total score of 0.198 and 0.364 standard deviations (SDs), and a one-unit increase in the Academic Motivation Scale_Amotivation variable caused a decrease in the Perceived Learning Scale total score of 0.407 SD.

Conclusion:

The most important predictor of perceived learning is amotivation. We suggest that improving the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and reducing amotivation in students studying at universities offering hybrid learning can be used as a strategy that increases attentional control and perceived learning.
Novel method to establish equation of ZN helicoid and meshing limit line of related worm drive
Authors: Zhao Xin , Zhao Yaping , Li Gongfa
Published: May 2023

According to the definition, the straight sided normal profile helicoid is established. It is strictly proved that the normal section of straight sided normal profile helicoid is straight line and the cross-section is extended involute, and the section curve of axial section is obtained. The calculation formula of the guide cylinder radius under different installation modes of ZN-type worm is obtained. The meshing limit line equation of uniform speed vertical staggered shaft drive is derived, make the calculation formula of meshing limit line more simple. The meshing equation and the meshing limit line equation of ZN-type worm drive are derived. Through theoretical calculation, it is verified that the meshing limit line is the inherent characteristic of ZN-type worm pair and cannot be eliminated by modifying parameters. The meshing limit line is solved and some conclusions are drawn. The numerical results show that the meshing limit line exists on the worm tooth surface, which divides the contact area into two parts: effective area and ineffective area. The conjugate line of the meshing limit line is located in the middle of the worm gear tooth surface.
In Vivo Delivery of Therapeutic Molecules by Transplantation of Genome-Edited Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Nakajima Ittetsu , Tsukimura Takahiro , Ono Terumi , Shiga Tomoko , Shitara Hiroshi , Togawa Tadayasu , Sakuraba Hitoshi , Miyaoka Yuichiro
Published: May 2023

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have already been used in transplantation therapies. Currently, cells from healthy people are transplanted into patients with diseases. With the rapid evolution of genome editing technology, genetic modification could be applied to enhance the therapeutic effects of iPSCs, such as the introduction of secreted molecules to make the cells a drug delivery system. Here, we addressed this possibility by utilizing a Fabry disease mouse model, as a proof of concept. Fabry disease is caused by the lack of α-galactosidase A (GLA). We previously developed an immunotolerant therapeutic molecule, modified α- N-acetylgalactosaminidase (mNAGA). We confirmed that secreted mNAGA from genome-edited iPSCs compensated for the GLA activity in GLA-deficient cells using an in vitro co-culture system. Moreover, iPSCs transplanted into Fabry model mice secreted mNAGA and supplied GLA activity to the liver. This study demonstrates the great potential of genome-edited iPSCs secreting therapeutic molecules.
Trust, reputation, and the value of promises in online auctions of used goods
Authors: Kas Judith , Corten Rense , van de Rijt Arnout
Published: May 2023

Buyers in online markets pay higher prices to sellers who promise a high-quality product in auctions of used goods, even though they cannot assess quality until after the sale. The principal argument offered in prior work is that reputation systems render sellers’ ‘cheap talk’ credible by allowing buyers to publicly rate sellers’ past honesty and sellers to build a reputation for being honest. We test this argument using both observational data from online auctions on eBay and an internet experiment. Strikingly, in both studies we find that unverifiable promises are trusted by buyers regardless of seller reputation or the presence of a reputation system, and sellers mostly refuse to take advantage. We conclude that the prevailing conception of markets in economic sociology as made possible by opportunism-curtailing institutions is “undersocialized”: Reputation systems may be used to identify more reliable providers of a product, but that they would be needed to prevent otherwise rampant deceit relies on a cynical assumption about human behavior that is empirically untenable.
Observations by Caregivers Using the Infant with Clefts Observation Outcomes Instrument (iCOO): A Comparison of Three Versus Seven-day Daily Diaries
Authors: Rahman Muhammad , Leroux Brian G. , McKinney Christy M. , Kapp-Simon Kathleen A. , Edwards Todd , Jones Salene M. , Rosenberg Janine M. , Patrick Donald , Daniels Kristen , Stueckle Laura , Heike Carrie L.
Published: May 2023

Objective

Our goal was to compare data collected from 3- and 7-day Infant with Clefts Observation Outcomes (iCOO) diaries.

Design

Secondary data analysis of an observational longitudinal cohort study. Caregivers completed the daily iCOO for 7 days before cleft lip surgery (T0) and for 7 days after cleft lip repair (T1). We compared 3- and 7-day diaries collected at T0 and 3- and 7-day diaries collected at T1.

Setting

United States.

Participants

Primary caregivers of infants with cleft lip with and without cleft palate (N  =  131) planning lip repair and enrolled in original iCOO study.

Main Outcomes Measure(s)

Mean differences and Pearson correlation coefficients.

Results

Correlation coefficients were high for global impressions (>0.90) and scaled scores (0.80–0.98). Mean differences were small across iCOO domains at T0. T1 comparisons reflected the same pattern.

Conclusions

Three-day diary data is comparable to 7-day diaries for measuring caregiver observations using iCOO across T0 and T1.
Clinical clerkship at an oncology hospital based on the curriculum of a clinical pharmacy program from a university belonging to low-middle-income country: Insights from a pharmacy program experience
Authors: Pathak Nabin , Basyal Bijaya
Published: May 2023

Nepal, a low-middle-income country, is relatively new to clinical pharmacy. Although the program started in 2000 with several universities running it as of today, the effectiveness of this program has been under discussion since its inception regarding its syllabus, practical issues, clinical postings, and importance in hospital settings. In this commentary, we share our 14 days of experience of a clinical clerkship period carried out under a curriculum of a university constituent school in an oncology-based hospital with a clinical pharmacy department providing clinical pharmacy services.
IO-aware Job-Scheduling: Exploiting the Impacts of Workload Characterizations to select the Mapping Strategy
Authors: Jeannot Emmanuel , Pallez Guillaume , Vidal Nicolas
Published: May 2023

In high performance, computing concurrent applications are sharing the same file system. However, the bandwidth which provides access to the storage is limited. Therefore, too many I/O operations performed at the same time lead to conflicts and performance loss due to contention. This scenario will become more common as applications become more data intensive. To avoid congestion, job-schedulers have to play an important role in selecting which application run concurrently. However I/O-aware mapping strategies need to be simple, robust and fast. Hence, in this article, we discuss two plain and practical strategies to mitigate I/O congestion. They are based on the idea of scheduling I/O access so as not to exceed some prescribed I/O bandwidth. More precisely, we compare two approaches: one grouping applications into packs that will be run independently (i.e., pack-scheduling), the other one scheduling greedily applications using a predefined order (i.e. list-scheduling).

Results show that performances depend heavily on the I/O load and the homogeneity of the underlying workload. Finally, we introduce the notion of characteristic time that represents information on the average time between consecutive I/O transfers. We show that it could be important to the design of schedulers and that we expect it to be easily obtained by analysis tools.
In Praise of Shadows: Exploring the hidden (responsibility) curriculum
Authors: Wall Tony , Blasco Maribel , Nkomo Stella M , Racz Marton , Mandiola Marcela
Published: May 2023

We frame this special issue on the hidden responsibility curriculum through the lens of Jun’ichirō Tanizaki’s 1933 essay, In Praise of Shadows, which recognises the subtlety, modesty and dignity of shadows that are highly prized in Japanese culture. We do this to embody the themes both present and absent from the seven articles in this special issue. The articles share flecks and flickers, suggesting that (1) salient things happen in the shadows when it comes to responsibility learning – for better or worse, (2) students can play a role in illuminating and challenging the shadow sides of learning environments and (3) discernible symbols provide navigational possibilities in the shadows. Our tribute to Tanizaki reflects both the involuntary absence, in our Special Issue, of contributions beyond dominant White, Northern European perspectives and the lack of methodological apparatus that can effectively capture the implicit, shadow side of educational life – and life beyond – that evades conventional academic approaches. We also share reflections from the shadows of our own curation of this special issue, as an invite to shine a light on how curational ecosystems might be reimagined.
For all (Hu)mankind? The intersection of mental capacity, informed consent and contract law with U.K. space law
Authors: Simmonds Alexander Ian
Published: May 2023

The UK Space Industry Act 2018 has now been supplemented with the new Space Industry Regulations. While examples of Space Tourism grace our screens and newsfeeds on an increasingly regular basis such as William Shatner’s recent voyage (Luscombe, 2021) the UK Regulations also pave the way for ‘human occupants’ (UK Space Industry Regulations, Regulation 2) to experience such a flight (UK Space Agency, 2020). A key part of the regulations pertaining to human occupants is that they must provide ‘informed consent’ before embarking on such a flight. If, as is likely to be the case, future courts are to draw analogies with the current state of medical law in this area, spaceflight operators will have to tread carefully if they are to avoid vitiating any informed consent by ‘bombarding’ any willing human occupant with technical detail prior to their flight (Simmonds, 2020). Whilst this could prove legally problematic for ‘capacitous’ individuals within the meaning of the Mental Capacity Act 2005, it is likely to be even more so for those who could be deemed, in some aspects of their cognitive ability, to lack capacity. UK Space Legislation as it presently stands faces three problems: 1) There is presently no legal mechanism under UK Space Law to determine capacity. 2) As examples from the Court of Protection indicate, ‘capacity’ is a very nuanced legal concept and individuals who, on the fact of things, may appear to lack capacity as regards potentially risky activities, have been regarded by the Courts as, at least, partially capacitous in respect of certain decisions. Operators may find themselves having to tread a fine line to avoid claims of discrimination. 3) because of point 1) and the state of the Law of Contract as regards contractual relationships entered into by potentially incapacitous individuals, further significant legal problems may present themselves. This paper will focus primarily on the Law in England and Wales but some of the overarching conclusions will be of relevance to all UK jurisdictions.
Optimization of Neural Network architecture and derivation of closed-form equation to predict ultimate load of functionally graded material plate
Authors: Le Tien-Thinh , Duong Huan Thanh , Phan Hieu Chi
Published: May 2023

Functionally Graded Material (FGM) plate is a complicated structure with complex allocation of spatially changing proportions of ceramic and metal within the matter. Various analytical and numerical methods have been applied with a view to evaluating the critical load of FGM plate. However, these conventional methods struggle when the computational complexity is significant, which represents an obstacle to incorporation with other advanced techniques where computational power is required (e.g. optimization or random simulations). The Neural Network (NNet) model has been successfully applied to resolve this issue. However, the conventional NNet requires proper configuration to take advantage of the model, and thus, careful parameter tuning is required. Furthermore, the NNet is typically a “black box,” where the prediction mechanism is hidden. This paper establishes an optimized architecture for NNet, with parametric study of the model’s hyperparameters. Variance propagation is also applied to observe the variation of the model’s performance on random sub-databases splintered from the database. To this end, the explicit expression of the trained NNet model is provided after mathematically deploying the hidden algebra behind an NNet prediction. The developed model has very promising evaluation metrics: R2, MAE, and RMSE on the test set are 0.999925, 0.067516, and 0.146438, respectively.
Cancer burden in women with HIV on Medicaid: A nationwide analysis
Authors: Zhou Guangjin , Koroukian Siran M , Navale Suparna M , Schiltz Nicholas K , Kim Uriel , Rose Johnie , Cooper Gregory S , Moore Scott E , Mintz Laura J , Avery Ann K , Mukherjee Sudipto , Markt Sarah C
Published: May 2023

Background:

Cancer is the leading cause of death in people living with HIV. In the United States, nearly 1 in 4 people living with HIV are women, more than half of whom rely on Medicaid for healthcare coverage.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to evaluate the cancer burden of women living with HIV on Medicaid.

Design:

We conducted a cross-sectional study of women 18–64 years of age enrolled in Medicaid during 2012, using data from Medicaid Analytic eXtract files.

Methods:

Using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis codes, we identified women living with HIV (n = 72,508) and women without HIV (n = 17,353,963), flagging the presence of 15 types of cancer and differentiating between AIDS-defining cancers and non-AIDS-defining cancers. We obtained adjusted prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals for each cancer and for all cancers combined, using multivariable log-binomial models, and additionally stratifying by age and race/ethnicity.

Results:

The highest adjusted prevalence ratios were observed for Kaposi’s sarcoma (81.79 (95% confidence interval: 57.11–117.22)) and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (27.69 (21.67–35.39)). The adjusted prevalence ratios for anal and cervical cancer, both of which were human papillomavirus-associated cancers, were 19.31 (17.33–21.51) and 4.20 (3.90–4.52), respectively. Among women living with HIV, the adjusted prevalence ratio for all cancer types combined was about two-fold higher (1.99 (1.86–2.14)) in women 45–64 years of age than in women 18–44 years of age. For non-AIDS-defining cancers but not for AIDS-defining cancers, the adjusted prevalence ratios were higher in older than in younger women. There was no significant difference in the adjusted prevalence ratios for all cancer types combined in the race/ethnicity-stratified analyses of the women living with HIV cohort. However, in cancer type–specific sub-analyses, differences in adjusted prevalence ratios between Hispanic versus non-Hispanic women were observed. For example, the adjusted prevalence ratio for Hispanic women for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma was 2.00 (1.30–3.07) and 0.73 (0.58–0.92), respectively, for breast cancer.

Conclusion:

Compared to their counterparts without HIV, women living with HIV on Medicaid have excess prevalence of cervical and anal cancers, both of which are human papillomavirus related, as well as Kaposi’s sarcoma and lymphoma. Older age is also associated with increased burden of non-AIDS-defining cancers in women living with HIV. Our findings emphasize the need for not only cancer screening among women living with HIV but also for efforts to increase human papillomavirus vaccination among all eligible individuals.
Emerging targets in gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma: what the future looks like
Authors: Petrillo Angelica , Smyth Elizabeth C. , van Laarhoven Hanneke W. M.
Published: May 2023

Gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEA) is a heterogeneous disease with a poor prognosis. Chemotherapy has been the cornerstone in treating metastatic diseases. Recently, the introduction of immunotherapy demonstrated improved survival outcomes in localized and metastatic diseases. Beyond immunotherapy, several attempts were made to improve patient survival by understanding the molecular mechanisms of GEA and several molecular classifications were published. In this narrative review, we will discuss emerging targets in GEA, including fibroblast growth factor receptor and Claudin 18.2, as well as the accompanying drugs. In addition, novel agents directed against well-known targets, such as HER2 and angiogenesis, will be discussed, as well as cellular therapies like CAR-T and SPEAR-T cells.
Deaths From Drug Overdoses What School Nurses Need to Know
Authors: Oerther Sarah , Bultas Margaret W.
Published: May 2023

Drug overdose deaths in pre-teen and adolescent students have risen over the past several years, causing increasing concerns in our society, along with concerns over the rise in availability of more counterfeit pills and illegally manufactured fentanyl. School nurses interface regularly with pre-teen and adolescent students and therefore are in a position to recognize students at risk for illicit drug use and provide important education to students, staff, parents, and the community. The purpose of this article is to briefly discuss risk factors for opioid misuse and to provide recommendations for interventions school nurses can use, including collaboration with other school and community leaders, to help prevent opioid overdose and death in pre-teen and adolescence.
Glitches in the technonatural present
Authors: Searle Adam , Turnbull Jonathon , Hartman Davies Oscar , Poerting Julia , Chasseray-Peraldi Pauline , Dodsworth Jennifer , Anderson-Elliott Henry
Published: May 2023

Ecological collapse and the proliferation of digitally mediated relations are two conjoined elements of the ‘technonatural present’, which pose varied challenges and openings for the future of geographical thought and praxis beyond the delineated sub-disciplinary concerns of more-than-human and digital geographies. In this commentary, we draw attention to the inseparability, now and into the future, of geographical thought and praxis from digital mediation. This mediation is also central to forms of encounter, exploitation, and governance shaping human-nonhuman relations. Within this complex nexus of humans, nonhumans, environments, and technologies, it is crucial to critically examine how nature is made (mediated) and remade (remediated), by whom, for whom, and with whom. We call for research that affirmatively centres the potentials for progressive digitally-mediated environmentalisms, drawing from Agnieszka Leszczynski and Sarah Elwood's work on ‘glitch epistemologies’. To conclude, we point to a series of themes and questions that geographers might usefully engage with as they navigate digitally (re)mediated catastrophic times.