bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measles–Rubella Microarray Patches Phase III Clinical Trial Framework: Proposal and Considerations
Authors: Zehrung Darin , Innis Bruce L. , Suwantika Auliya A. , Ameri Mahmoud , Biellik Robin , Birchall James C. , Cravioto Alejandro , Jarrahian Courtney , Fairlie Lee , Goodson James L. , Kochhar Sonali , Kretsinger Katrina , Morgan Christopher , Mvundura Mercy , Rathi Niraj , Clarke Edward , Mistilis Jessica Joyce , Uwamwezi Marie-Chantal , Giersing Birgitte , Hasso-Agopsowicz Mateusz
Published: November 2024

Background: The Measles–Rubella Microarray Patch (MR-MAP) is an important technology that is expected to reduce coverage and equity gaps for measles-containing vaccines (MCVs), reach zero-dose children, and contribute to elimination of measles and rubella. MR-MAPs are anticipated to be easier to deploy programmatically and could be delivered by lesser-trained health workers, thereby increasing immunization coverage. The most advanced MR-MAP has reached clinical proof-of-concept through a Phase I/II trial in the target population of infants and young children. The World Health Organization (WHO) and partners have developed the Phase III clinical trial framework for MR-MAPs presented in this article. Objectives and Methods: The purpose of such framework is to inform the considerations, design and approach for the pivotal clinical trial design, while considering the anticipated data requirements to inform regulatory approval, WHO prequalification, and policy decision. Results: The proposed Phase III trial would compare the immunogenicity and safety of an MR-MAP with MR vaccine delivered subcutaneously in 9- to 10-month-old infants. An analysis of non-inferiority (NI) of immunogenicity would occur six weeks after the first dose. Should regulatory agencies or policy makers require, a proportion of infants could receive a second dose of either the same or alternate MR vaccine presentation six months after the first dose, with those children returning six weeks after the second dose for a descriptive assessment of immunogenicity, and then followed up six months after the second dose for evaluation of safety and immunogenicity. It is anticipated that this proposed pivotal Phase III trial framework would generate the required clinical data for regulatory licensure and WHO prequalification (PQ) of MR-MAPs. However, the trial design would need to be reviewed and confirmed by a national regulatory authority (NRA) that will assess the product for regulatory licensure and the WHO PQ team. Additional research will likely be required to generate data on concomitant vaccine delivery, the safety and immunogenicity of MR-MAPs in other age groups such as children 1–5 years and infants younger than 9 months of age, and the impact of MR-MAPs on coverage and equity. Such studies could be conducted during or after clinical MR-MAP development.
Analysis of 3k Experiments Applied to Railway Braking: Influence of Contaminants and Train Speed
Authors: Sandoval-Valencia Tania Elizabeth , Hurtado-Hurtado Gerardo , Huerta-Manzanilla Eric Leonardo , Ruiz-Robles Dante , Morales-Velázquez Luis , Jáuregui-Correa Juan Carlos
Published: November 2024

The presence of contaminants influences braking efficiency in the railway system because it alters the adhesion at the wheel–rail interface. It is essential to study this phenomenon, as contaminants reduce the friction between wheels and rails, which impacts braking and transport safety. In addition, these contaminants increase the risk of derailments. The objective of the research was to determine the impact of different contaminants and operating speeds on the critical braking system’s responses. Using the 3k full factorial experimental design methodology, with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and linear and quadratic regressions, visualized using surface graphs, the effects of three operating conditions were studied: clean rails, with sand and sawdust, and driving the train at three operating speeds. These conditions gave rise to variations in braking distances, maximum creep, wheel slip times, and maximum peaks of electric current when braking in each experiment. The tests were carried out on the straight section of a β-shaped track and a railway vehicle, designed at a scale of 1:20. The analysis reveals that the braking distance increases significantly with surface roughness (clean track < sawdust < sand). At 0.75 m/s, the sawdust track reduces braking distance by 21% compared with the clean track; at 1.00 m/s, the reduction is 19%; and at 1.30 m/s, it is 35%.
The Crosstalk Between HIV-TB Co-Infection and Associated Resistance in the Indian Population
Authors: Jadhav Sushama , Nair Aishwarya , Mahajan Pratik , Nema Vijay
Published: November 2024

Extensive research on tuberculosis (TB) and HIV co-infection reveals the diverse prevalence and co-epidemic patterns across populations, necessitating tailored public health strategies. Co-infection is bidirectional; individuals with HIV are more susceptible to TB, and vice versa. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) and antituberculosis treatment (ATT) are critical for managing these conditions, but pose risks due to drug–pathogen and drug–drug interactions, potentially leading to immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in patients with HIV/AIDS. IRIS, often triggered by highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), can exacerbate HIV progression, increase drug resistance, and deteriorate patients’ quality of life. Approximately one-third of the global population with HIV is also infected with TB, with extensive drug-resistant (XDR) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains posing significant challenges. Latent TB infection (LTBI) further complicates the scenario, as it can progress to active TB, particularly in individuals with both conditions. The global and Indian mortality rates for TB-HIV co-infection remain high, emphasizing the need for new strategies. Additionally, unreported cases and inadequate post-treatment monitoring contribute to the high mortality rate, particularly among patients with LTBI. The complexity of managing HIV-TB co-infection, especially with LTBI, underscores the urgency of addressing these challenges to improve the outcomes for the affected populations.
Immunologic Effects of a Novel Bovine Lactoferrin-Derived Peptide on the Gut and Clinical Perspectives
Authors: Cui Haiyue , Yang Huan , Qi Xiaoxi , Zhao Yang , Huang Tianle , Miao Liguang
Published: November 2024

Bovine lactoferrin is a natural iron-binding glycoprotein known for its antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. In this study, we artificially recombined a fragment of bovine lactoferrin with immunomodulatory and antimicrobial properties to create a novel peptide named LF-MQL. The primary objective was to investigate the effects of LF-MQL on the intestinal tract and immune cells in animals. First, we assessed the in vitro activation effects of LF-MQL on mouse peritoneal macrophages. The results indicated that LF-MQL enhanced the macrophage phagocytic activity and increased IL-1β mRNA expression without significantly affecting IL-6 mRNA levels. Next, we examined the effects of LF-MQL on mucosal immunity by administering LF-MQL orally at doses of 300 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, and 3 mg/kg to mice. The results demonstrated that different doses of LF-MQL modulated IL-6 and IL-10 mRNA levels in the small intestine. Low doses enhanced the intestinal immune response, while higher doses reduced the inflammatory response. In conclusion, LF-MQL exerts immunomodulatory effects rather than simply boosting immune activity in animal models.
Whole-Genome Analysis of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus from Yunnan, China
Authors: Zhang Runting , Yin Gefen , Wang Yunhua , Li Yongneng , Wang Xinxian , Bi Junlong , Yang Guishu , Qu Kaixing , Gao Libo
Published: November 2024

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a member of the genus α-coronavirus and causes severe diarrhea in piglets, leading to enormous economic losses in the pig industry. To understand the epidemic variation of PEDV strains in Yunnan province, three PEDV strains (YN2021, YNLP 2022, and YNBS 2022) and one commercially available attenuated vaccine strain (Attenuated AJ1102-R) that were previously isolated were sequenced and compared with the representative PEDV strains. NJ phylogenetic analysis showed that YN2021 strain and Attenuated CV777 strain were clustered into GI-b subtype, while YNLP 2022 and YNBS 2022 belong to GII-b subtype, accompanying ZJCZ4 and Attenuated AJ1102-R. RDP analysis revealed that YNLP 2022 was a genome recombination from both GII-b strain PEDV-7C and GII-a strain YN1, of which the recombination region is in the range nt4994–7605. YNBS 2022 strain was another recombination originated from GII-b subtype strain 17GXZC-1ORF3c and GII-a subtype strain PEDV-CHZ, of which the counterpart is in the range nt16399–22326. The Yunnan strain of PEDV was analyzed for the first time from the whole-genome perspective, and comprehensive analysis showed that the Yunnan strains have high genetic variation. This study may shed new light on the current PEDV infections in Yunnan and pave the way toward further control of PEDV infections.
Bacterial Diversity in Deep-Sea Sediment of West Pacific Nodule Province
Authors: Peng Shaoyuan , Dong Fang , Li Lei , Liu Jiancheng , Lu Dequan , Quan Yongzheng , Jia Yonggang , Wang Yan
Published: November 2024

Dense polymetallic nodule fields are found in different areas of the Pacific and Indian Oceans. However, limited knowledge exists about microbial diversity, processes and functions in deep-sea polymetallic nodule sediments. This study investigated microbial diversity, composition and function in sediments from various locations and depths in a western Pacific polymetallic nodule province. Sediment cores were collected, DNA extracted, and the V3–V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene were sequenced using Illumina MiSeq. The test results show that the abundance and diversity of microbial communities in sediments from different sites vary significantly. The dominant microbial communities at the family level in the three sediment samples were all mainly Marinobacteraceae and Alcanivoracaceae. Sediment samples from core 1 had similar microbial structures and microbial community functions. Surface sediment had higher species richness, diversity and evenness than the middle layer. The dominant phylum at different depths was consistent. There was significant spatial heterogeneity in the microbial community within sediments from polymetallic nodule regions. This study expands on our knowledge of the spatial and vertical distribution of microbial community diversity beneath polymetallic nodules in deep-sea settings.
THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AND THE ROLE OF REID SOLUTIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
Authors:   Odesa I.I. Mechnikov National University, Lomachynska I. , Maksymova Y. ,   Odesa I.I. Mechnikov National University
Published: November 2024

The global trend of modern development is digital transformation, which radically changes all spheres of life and creates the conditions for structural changes in the economic sphere. The article examines the role of modern IT solutions on the example of RFID technology in the development of supply, sales and consumption in pharmacy in the context of digital transformation of the economy. It is concluded that the acceleration of digitalisation and digital transformation of the pharmaceutical industry is due to the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, the digitalisation of the healthcare system with the participation of the state, and a change in the paradigm of pharmaceutical development and healthcare provision – the transition to customer focus, and then to personalisation and 'customer obsession'. It is established that digitalisation and the effective use of digital technologies in pharmacy require the development and improvement of appropriate IT solutions. It is established that one of these technologies is RFID. The RFID system can be successfully used at various stages of production, distribution and consumption of pharmaceutical products. The use of RFID solutions will improve the supply chain; provide multiple ways to track and manage a large volume of products at each stage of their life cycle; strengthen the security of the supply chain, business processes and the protection of conference and personal information; improve the quality of customer service to patients by minimising additional costs and delays, errors in treatment and medication; expand the capabilities and accuracy of business intelligence and forecasting, etc. It is determined that the prospects for the development of RFID technologies in pharmacy are linked to their combination with digital technologies, in particular cloud technologies, big data management, artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, etc. Keywords: digital transformation, digital economy, pharmaceutical industry, IT technologies, RFID, supply and distribution system, business processes, business models, customer focus, personification, 'customer obsession'.
CONTEMPORARY GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT: CHALLENGES, THREATS, PROSPECTS OF SECURITY DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Mariupol State University, Sarbash S.
Published: November 2024

The study explores the manifestations of increasing geopolitical tension and geoeconomic risks, which are confirmed by the exacerbation of contradictions and the escalation of conflicts that have become dominant features of the complex security landscape of the modern global economy. It is determined that the slowdown in economic growth rates, regional asymmetries, and social polarization against the backdrop of weakening governmental institutions only exacerbate instability and increase the uncertainty of the global environment. Social and economic inequality deepens further stratification and tension in society, creating grounds for the unfolding of future conflicts. It is noted that after 2022, the influence of new processes and trends that shape the contemporary global security environment has intensified, characterized by an escalation of violence and conflicts, as well as an increase in military expenditures. The global rise in military expenditures is intensified by their increase at the regional level (except in Africa). Technological development combined with increasing military expenditures by countries raises the risk of a new arms race on a planetary scale. The leading positions in the world, both in terms of technological development and military expenditures, are occupied by the USA and China, between which deepening contradictions of not only a geoeconomic but also a geopolitical nature are observed. The deepening of interstate technological rivalry against the backdrop of rapid development of artificial intelligence and any escalation of conflicts increases new risks and has negative consequences for economic activity and commodity market dynamics. Ensuring sustainable development and long-term economic stability particularly depends on investments in technology, infrastructure, and human capital. Social polarization and inequality have become powerful risk factors for global development. The instability and weakness of states intensify social unrest and anti-government protests. Expanding public access to services and improving interaction with state institutions will impact social cohesion. Alienation and distrust towards authorities, combined with other factors shaping the security environment, underscore the need to improve the quality and efficiency of security expenditures and counter-terrorism financing. Keywords: conflicts, global security environment, military expenditures, security, geoeconomic and geopolitical risks, technological development, asymmetry, war.
Referência e contrarreferência em saúde: a percepção de médicos do Distrito Federal
Authors: Ambrósio Mariana Carvalho , Ferreira Luciana Benevides , Pereira Thiago de Matos Pinto , Lopes Kaio Albano , Jesus Victor Hugo Policena de , Bruneto João Victor Santana , Souza Vitor Antônio Pignatti de , Oliveira Luiz Fernando Fialho de , Luz Pedro Enzo Camargo
Published: November 2024

O Sistema de Referência e Contrarreferência é um mecanismo que visa auxiliar o princípio da integralidade para pacientes atendidos  no Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS, devendo interligar os diferentes níveis de atenção à saúde. Este sistema deve ser capaz de garantir o acesso a diferentes especialidades da saúde para atender os pacientes em todas as necessidades, desde a prevenção até a conclusão do tratamento, de forma holística. Neste estudo, de natureza qualitativa, buscou-se analisar os mecanismos de referência e contrarreferência utilizados por médicos do Distrito Federal, a partir dos relatos de  como este sistema é implementado na prática desses profissionais. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de um questionário preenchido de forma on-line. Para a interpretação dos dados utilizou-se análise temática embasada nos fundamentos teóricos do SUS. Algumas das dificuldades relatadas pelos participantes foram relacionadas às comunicações e  articulação entre as unidades de saúde. Entraves também foram observados na forma como são obtidas as informações sobre os pacientes. Observou-se que este sistema crucial para o bom funcionamento do SUS é mal avaliado pelos médicos em suas práticas diárias, que apresentam queixas sobre seu funcionamento, mas reconhecem a necessidade de  um sistema de informações articulado entre os diferentes níveis de saúde. Dessa forma, constatou-se a necessidade de buscar-se as condições e tecnologias necessárias para um melhor acesso às informações entre as diversas unidades  de serviço à saúde, a fim de garantir efetividade entre a integralidade e a continuidade de atenção aos pacientes usuários do SUS no Distrito Federal.
PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS REPRESENTING COSMIC CHRONOTOPE IN THE RUSSIAN POETIC WORLDVIEW (including the materials from the dictionary „Phraseological units in the Russian poetry of the 19th – 21st centuries“)
Authors: Melerovich Alina M. , Mokienko Valerij M. , Yakimov Alexander Y.
Published: November 2024

This article is devoted to the study of phraseological units that represent the cosmic chronotope in the Russian poetic world view in the poetry discourse of the 19th – 21st centuries, based on the conceptual paradigm “human – globe – space”. The article considers the peculiarities of the system organisation, the originality of the concept-forming and style-forming functioning of the main components of the conceptual paradigm within the context of some particular poetry and within a certain poetic discourse, presented by a number of poems of the 19th – early 21st centuries in the dictionary “Phraseological Units in Russian Poetry”. The choice of poetry is determined by a descriptive and philosophically generalised expression of the concept. The biggest attention is paid to the way the main ideas, that are figuratively reflected in this poetic discourse, are realised. The considered phraseological units are grouped around the following ideas – anthropocentrism, immortality and life in eternity, posthumously reward for a person’s lifetime exploits, ascetic nature of inspiration.
THE PHENOMENON OF AGGRESSION IN LANGUAGE: THE PROBLEM OF TERMINOLOGY
Authors: Firsova Maria A.
Published: November 2024

The article highlights the main approaches to describing aggression in language. The polyphonic status of speech aggression is associated with the interdisciplinarity of this phenomenon and is explained by the widespread spread of aggression in modern speech practice. The purpose of this article is to present and compare the approaches available in language to the study of aggression and the definition of aggression within the framework of a linguocognitive approach. The directions of scientific linguistic thought in the study of aggression are described and its typological differences are established, which serve as the basis for conceptual approaches to classifying its types. The typology of verbal aggression in the works of Russian researchers in the following areas is considered: 1) speech act, 2) form of speech behaviour, 3) communicative strategy, 4) speech (communicative) action. It is established that verbal aggression includes not only the known means of its verbalisation, but also all possible conditions of the communicative space, the specifics of the discourse in which it is represented, the state and status of communicants. This is due to a comprehensive approach to understanding verbal aggression, which consists in harming the addressee or the object of speech. Choosing an aggressive form of speech behaviour, the speaker performs two functions: adaptation or protection. These functions of human aggression determine its existence in different types of discourse, determine the forms of its verbalisation.
THE ROLE OF MILITARY TRIBUNALS IN THE FIGHT AGAINST LABOUR DESERTION AT TEXTILE ENTERPRISES OF IVANOVO REGION IN 1942–1943
Authors: Okolotin Vladimir S.
Published: November 2024

This article examines the punitive practice of military tribunals against textile workers who committed unauthorised departure from enterprises, as well as production disrupters influential among workers, from November 1942 to November 1943. It became possible after the adoption by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on October 11, 1942, of Decree ‟On the extension of the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR” dated December 26, 1941, to workers and employees of enterprises of the People’s Commissariat of the Textile Industry of the USSR. ‟On the responsibility of workers and employees of enterprises of the military industry for unauthorised withdrawal from enterprises.” As a result, textile workers were equated with workers in the defence industry; they were considered mobilised for the period of the war and assigned to permanent work at the textile factories and factories where they worked. The unauthorised departure of workers and employees from work was considered as desertion, and those guilty of committing them (deserters) were sentenced by military tribunals to imprisonment for a term of 5 to 8 years. The article reflects the dynamics of this process, provides data on deserters by profession and sex; we call preventive measures on labour collectives, etc. Attention is paid to such positive practice of the tribunals as conditional conviction with the obligation to return to the enterprise. It was prepared on the materials of the State Archive of Ivanovo Region, which had first been introduced into scientific circulation. It is addressed to specialists in the field of the history of Soviet textile industry, to graduate students, undergraduates and students of higher educational institutions.
PROBLEMS OF POST-WAR DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL HEALTHCARE (based on materials from the administrative department of Gorky Regional Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks))
Authors: Kezhutin Andrey N.
Published: November 2024

The article reveals health problems in the City of Gorky and Gorky Region in the period of 1945 – early 1950s. Topicality of the study is connected, first of all, with the insufficient development of this topic in historiography. On the other hand, the secrecy of a number of archival funds and the gradual work on declassifying socially significant documents require their timely involvement in scientific circulation. The source base is the materials of the State Socio-Political Archive of Nizhny Novgorod Region and the Central Archive of Nizhny Novgorod Region. The City of Gorky and the regional centres of Gorky Region, especially Dzerzhinsk, were important industrial centres in the post-war period. Gorky was also one of the major transport hubs. The article notes that these factors directly influenced the development of regional medicine. With the outbreak of the Cold War, medical documentation became closed. The author focuses on the analysis of medical documents of the administrative department of Gorky Regional Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. Data on the state of health care in the region is just at the moment being introduced into scientific circulation. The research is based on the principles of historicism, scientific objectivity, and determinism. Methods of analysis, synthesis, comparative historicism, chronology were used. The novelty of the research lies in obtaining new knowledge about the conditions of the state, functioning and reform of the health care system of Gorky Region, as well as about the organisation of fighting social diseases, such as venereal ones and tuberculosis, in the post-war period. The author highlights the main problems of regional medicine of the period under study and the proposals of Party bodies to resolve socially significant issues.
ONCE AGAIN ON THE QUESTION OF THE LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF DEPRIVING A PERSON OF AN ACADEMIC DEGREE AND OTHER ISSUES IN THE SYSTEM OF SCIENTIFIC CERTIFICATION
Authors: Cherkasov Konstantin V.
Published: November 2024

This article examines the legal aspects of the consequences of depriving a person of an academic degree, previously not covered in the legal literature, as well as certain issues of the existing state system of scientific certification. In the process of work, two problems associated with depriving a person of an academic degree were identified and analysed. The first is predetermined by the fact that, being a candidate or doctor of sciences, a person subsequently deprived of an academic degree, can participate in the procedure for defending other theses. The second is due to the fact that a person who was subsequently deprived of an academic degree could, before this moment, be involved in the work of dissertation councils. It is stated that the solution to these issues requires a differentiated approach, with the inadmissibility of unreasonable and unnecessary complication of the institution of state scientific certification and the need to prevent significant temporary and detailed uncertainty in the status of scientific personnel. Particular attention is paid to the problem of depriving a person of an academic degree in the context of the existence of parallel schemes for state awarding of academic degrees in Russia – dissertation councils at scientific and educational organisations included in the Higher Attestation Commission system under the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, and dissertation councils at scientific and educational organisations vested with the right to independently award scientists’ degrees. A conclusion is formulated about the advisability of returning to a unified state system of scientific certification, headed by the Higher Attestation Commission under the Government of the Russian Federation.
THE PHENOMENON OF EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION LAW
Authors: Starodubtsev Grigoriy S. , Chernov Vladimir V.
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the article is to comprehensively analyze the definition “The Law of the Eurasian Economic Union” and determine its place in the international law system. Research methods: historical-legal, axiological, functional and contextual approaches of comparative legal method, formal-legal method. The authors consider the genesis of Eurasianism as a historical phenomenon and philosophical direction, analyze the law-forming social factors that form the basis for the Eurasian law development. They conclude that Eurasian integration has traditionally been free and legal and the system of Eurasian law is based on the postulates of both Western and Eastern influences. These are the rule of law, collectivism and the priority of natural relations within the group. The law-forming factors that influenced the creation of the EAEU and its law are peculiar and fundamentally different from the factors and prerequisites characteristic of other integration economic formations. The EAEU was created by the states that had previously been part of a single state; its statutory documents, along with taking into account the peculiarities of European law, also took into account the confessional and civilizational identity of Eurasianism. Formally, at this stage of Eurasian integration, the EAEU law is a sub-branch of international economic law and represents a system of principles and norms in the sphere of international communication of Eurasian states, created to regulate public relations on the creation (liquidation) of regional associations, cooperation of a regional association with other international organizations, its participants and structures in the spheres established by EAEU statutes.
“FAMILY THOUGHT” IN PUSHKIN’S BOLDINO WORKS
Authors: Pyatkin Sergey N.
Published: November 2024

The study of the phenomenon of the Boldin Autumn in the spiritual and creative evolution of A.S. Pushkin is impossible without close attention to the biographical context. The poet arrives at his family estate Boldino, Nizhny Novgorod Province, on the eve of his own wedding, and his reflections on his future life as a married man, his desire to find effective recipes for family happiness largely determine the ideological and artistic sound of the works written in the fall of 1830. This article explicates and analyzes the motif and image dominants associated with the theme of family in A.S. Pushkin’s works in Boldino. In this light, the final scene of the novel “Eugene Onegin” is commented on, the denouement in “The Tales of Belkin” is highlighted, and the role of the first play in the dramatic cycle “The Little Tragedies” is characterized. It is pointed out that the multifaceted fullness of “Family Thought” in Pushkin’s work of the Boldin Autumn is created by the artistic representation of such significant concepts of national spiritual culture as Home and ancestral Memory. It is argued that the focus on the “Family Thought” in Boldino works is due to a large-scale reassessment of value orientations in the spiritual and creative worldview of the poet, standing on the threshold of a qualitatively new stage in his own life.
THE NEED FOR LEGAL REGULATION OF THE ‟BLACK BOX” OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Authors: Golovin Kirill S.
Published: November 2024

This paper discusses the transparency and regulation of Artificial Intelligence (hereinafter the AI). It discusses the growing trend of using decision-making algorithms in various areas of life and the need for transparent and the understandable AI systems. The author highlights the concept of a ‟black box” where algorithms and their processes become hidden to users and developers, and emphasises the importance of explainability and accessibility of information about the operation of the AI. The article also addresses the right to explanation and possible strategies for ensuring transparency and accountability in algorithmic decision-making, including parameter documentation and system certification.
THE FIRST IDEOLOGICAL COURSE IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN MODERN RUSSIA
Authors: Petrov Alexander Yu.
Published: November 2024

Book review: Fundamentals of Russian statehood: an educational and methodological complex in the discipline for educational organizations of higher education. V.M. Marasanova, V.E. Bagdasaryan, Yu.Yu. Ierusalimskiy, L.G. Titova, S.A. Kudrina. Moscow, Publishing house “Delo” RANEPA, 2023, 272 p. In the review, the author examines the features of introducing the course “Fundamentals of Russian Statehood” into the domestic educational process. This educational and methodological complex was developed by teachers from all over Russia with the support of the Ministry of Education and Science. The authors of the educational complex emphasize the value of the civilizational approach, the Russian civilizational school. Among the advantages of the course, the author of the review highlights the fact that the work deeply substantiates the unity and continuity of the historical path of Russian civilization, which logically follows from the close relationship of civilizational archetypes that manifest themselves at various stages of Russian history. The educational and methodological complex formulates the basic characteristics of the state-civilization model. The innovative nature of this discipline is emphasized. It reveals the concept of traditional Russian spiritual and moral values, listed in the “Fundamentals of State Policy for the Preservation and Strengthening of Traditional Russian Spiritual and Moral Values” approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 808 of 09.11.2022.
INTERPRETATION OF THE NOVEL “THE CAPTAIN’S DAUGHTER” BY A.S. PUSHKIN IN THE RESEARCHES OF FOREIGN SCIENTISTS
Authors: Andreeva Valeria G.
Published: November 2024

The article examines the concepts of four foreign English-speaking researchers related to understanding the key meanings of A.S. Pushkin’s novel “The Captain’s Daughter”. The author of the work notes that the positions and views of these scientists are little known to modern Russian literary scholars. Meanwhile, in the four analyzed articles, the authors turn to Pushkin’s novel, showing the stages and phases of Grinev’s growing up that have not yet been analyzed in detail in Pushkin studies, his separation from his authoritarian father, scenes of cruelty in “The Captain’s Daughter” and their place in the poetics of the work, the deep meaning associated with Pushkin’s personal life and his relationship with the emperor. When comprehending the articles, the problem of the personal and the public, their possible combination is raised, special attention is paid to the figure of Grinev, his role in the novel.
M. GORKY AND THE HISTORY OF THE RESTORATION OF THE PUSHKIN NATURE RESERVE
Authors: Shugan Olga V.
Published: November 2024

The article presents the unknown facts related to the fate of the Pushkin Nature Reserve on the eve of 1937, when the 100th anniversary of A.S. Pushkin’s death was celebrated. The plan of anniversary events for this date included the restoration of the Mikhailovskoye estate, where the poet spent two years in exile. However, the implementation of this project encountered great difficulties. The article talks about the difficult situation of the Pushkin Nature Reserve and the reasons that caused this situation. The big problem of the Reserve was its double subordination: in the 1930s, the land of the Reserve was under the jurisdiction of the Academy of Sciences and the state farm printing house named after Lokhankov. New archival documents from the A.M. Gorky Archive (Moscow, IMLI RAS), Russian State Archive of Contemporary History (RGANI), press materials of the 1930s, are being used to show that administrative obstacles, bureaucratic inertia, indifference of senior party officials, and lack of funding brought Pushkin’s estate to the brink of extinction. A.M. Gorky took part in the fate of the Reserve in 1934-1935. As a result, obstacles to the development of the infrastructure of the Pushkin Mountains were removed, restoration work was carried out, and on January 18, 1937, the A.S. Pushkin House-Museum of was opened. It is concluded that Gorky contributed greatly to the restoration of Mikhailovsky.
A.S. PUSHKIN AND MIKHAILOVSKOYE IN CRITICAL ARTICLES BY V.YA. KURBATOV
Authors: Razumovskaya Aida G.
Published: November 2024

The article is the first registered attempt to comprehend the perception of A.S. Pushkin and the role of Mikhailovskoye in Pushkin’s inner spiritual life by V.Ya. Kurbatov (1939–2021), the well-known literary critic. The material for research is the critic’s articles and notes from the period of 1990–2010 collected in his book “Pushkin for Every Day” that make up his myth about the national poet. In this article the author demonstrates that it is the national idea that becomes the background for the interpretative angle of Kurbatov’s critical reflection in the epoch of self-identification. Being the unconditional value reference point for the critic, Pushkin is perceived by him as the benchmark for integrity and completeness as well as Mikhailovskoye is seen as the place where the comprehensiveness of the Russian life can be found yet at the same time being the reproach to the contemporaries for their duality and spiritual “emigration”. The specifics of V.Ys. Kurbatov’s position is conditioned by his triune religious, philosophic and literary approach to the phenomena of the Russian culture, on one hand, and by his subjective method together with his personal, individual view and his search for self-identity, on the other hand. In this article the author makes the conclusion that the articles and notes of V.Ya. Kurbatov about A.S. Pushkin written in line with the religious and philosophic interpretations of the national poet in XIX–XX centuries, reveal the deep and unique personality, ethical standpoint and aesthetic views of our famous contemporary.
THE ELEGY “DON’T ASK ME WHY, ALONE IN DISMAL THOUGHT” BY АLEXANDER РUSHKIN: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TWO ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS
Authors: Nenarokova Maria R. , Eremenko-Grigorenko Yuliana N.
Published: November 2024

The article focuses on the problem of translating Pushkin’s lyrics into English in the 20th-21st centuries. The object of study is the content and form of A.S. Pushkin’s elegy “To *** (Don’t ask me why, alone in dismal thought)” in English translations. The subject of the study is the peculiarities of conveying the form and the contents of Pushkin’s poem, with two translations of the elegy, made by Vyacheslav Chistyakov and Andrey Kneller, as a case study. The analysis of two previously unexplored translations of Pushkin’s text constitutes the novelty of the study. The tasks of the study were as follows: to describe the peculiarities of the given translations, to outline the group of the key words of the poem, describe discrepancies in their translation. The study showed that numerous translation transformations were used by the translators. Kneller’s translation is more adequate because of avoiding emotionally charged language.
Eksistensi Sistem Pendidikan Islam Dalam Implementasi Pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi Pada Era 4.0
Authors: Henderi  , Khoirunnisa Alfiah , Rafika Ageng Setiani , Juniar Hega Lutfilah
Published: November 2024

Perubahan terus terjadi di berbagai bidang termasuk bidang pendidikan. Reformasi dalam bidang Pendidikan tidak bisa dihindari, trus berkembang dan mengalami peningkatan. Hal ini tidak terkecuali karena perubahan era yang memasuki Revolusi Industri 4.0. Dalam  pendidikan Islam sendiri, sangat dibutuhkan inovasi baru. Dikarenakan sistem lama yang tertinggal semakin tidak menarik dan menutup peluang untuk penggunaan teknologi pendidikan yang maju. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai permasalahan mengenai Pendidikan Islam yang menghadapi perubahan pada era disrupsi, proses dalam menghadapi peluang dan mengambil keuntungan dalam perubahan yang ada. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode literature review dari hasil penelitian sebelumnya. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menggunakan metode perhitungan Slovin. Hasil penelitian membahas sistem Pendidikan Islam yang menerapkan penggerak otonom untuk mengembangkan inovasi di era 4.0.
Dampak Implementasi Pendidikan Agama Islam Dalam Membentuk Karakter Generasi Milenial Menghadapi Perkembangan Teknologi Digital Pada Sosial Media
Authors: Durachman Yusuf , Supriati Ruli , Santoso Nuke Puji , Suryaman Fitria Marwati
Published: November 2024

Bangsa yang maju ditentukan dengan karakter warga negaranya yang memiliki moral dan pengetahuan yang tinggi terhadap sesuatu hal yang tabu, terutama generasi muda milenial saat ini yang dimana perkembangan teknologi digital semakin pesat dengan sosial media yang juga dapat berpengaruh dalam menentukan karakter seseorang. Hal ini dibuktikan karena generasi mudalah yang akan menentukan seperti apa bangsanya dinilai oleh negara lain. Dan semua itu, dilandaskan dengan falsafah Pancasila pertama yakni KeTuhanan Yang Maha Esa. Ketika seseorang sudah paham dengan aturan agama maka karakter seseorang menjadi kuat dan tangguh dalam menjadi kehidupan bernegara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun karakter generasi milenial di tengah perkembangan teknologi digital pada sosial media menurut pendidikan agama islam. Peran sosial media yang kini melonjak hingga membuat semua orang mudah mengaksesnya sesuai dengan kebutuhan mereka, namun hadirnya sosial media di era digital saat ini membuat seseorang menjadi kehilangan jati diri menjadi faktor permasalahan yang penting untuk dipecahkan. Metode yang digunakan adalah mind mapping. Dengan adanya penelitian ini membuat warga masyarakat lebih merasakan dampak nilai pendidikan agama islam dalam  membentuk karakter generasi milenial. Sehingga maraknya sosial media yang semakin mengubah pola hidup masyarakat menjadi lebih tentram tanpa adanya tindak kekerasan atau pelecehan diluar moral.
РОЛЬ АКАДЕМИКА В.А. НАСОНОВОЙ В РАЗВИТИИ РЕВМАТОЛОГИИ КАЗАХСТАНА
Authors: Р.Л. Иванова , М.В.Р.а.В.А. Горемыкина
Published: November 2024

В данной статье представлена история ревматологии Казахстана и Семипалатинска, роль академика Насоновой В.А для новых направлений развития отечественной ревматологии, а также исследования научной школы профессора Ивановой Р.Л.

This article presents history of rheumatology of Kazakhstan and Semipalatinsk, the role of academician Nasonova V.A for new directions of development of Kazakhstan rheumatology and research scientific school of Professor Ivanova R.L.

Бұл мақалада келтірілген Қазақстан және Семей ревматологиясының тарихы. Академик Н.А. Насонованың ревматологияны дамытудың жаңа бағыттары үшін рөлі, және сол профессор Иванова Р.Л. ғылыми мектебінің зерттеулері.
К ВОПРОСУ ПРЕПОДАВАНИЯ БАЗОВЫХ ДИСЦИПЛИН В СВЕТЕ МОДЕРНИЗАЦИИ МЕДИЦИНСКОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
Authors: Ж.К. Смаилова , Р.Р. Олжаева , А.Р. Алимбаева , Д.Д. Муртазина , К.Т. Сыдыкова , Б.С. Советов , А.Ш. Омарова , Р.Т. Динжуманова , Н.Н. Сентябрев
Published: November 2024

В свете модернизации высшего медицинского образования в Казахстане формирование фундаментальных знаний принадлежит к числу актуальных проблем общей подготовки врачей, для которых биохимические методы исследования являются значительным источником диагностической информации. Понимание сути и взаимосвязи биохимических процессов в организме способствует формированию клинического мышления современного специалиста. С учетом актуальности проблемы статья посвящена определению методов и форм усовершенствования процесса преподавания биохимии в медицинском вузе. Рассмотрены активные методы и формы обучения, описаны различные методики проведения интегрированных занятий с использованием клинических ситуационных задач. На основании накопленного опыта преподавания биохимии на кафедре сформулированы рекомендации по улучшению учебного процесса, позволяющие повысить качество обучения.

In light of the modernization of higher medical education in Kazakhstan, the formation of fundamental knowledge is one of the main problems of General training of doctors for whom biochemical research methods are a significant source of diagnostic information. Understanding the nature and relationship of biochemical processes in the organism to the formation of clinical thinking of the modern specialist. Taking into account the urgency of the problem, the article is devoted to the definition of methods and forms of improving the process of teaching biochemistry in medical school. The active methods and forms of training are considered, various methods of integrated training with the use of clinical situational problems are described. Based on the experience of teaching biochemistry at the Department formulated recommendations to improve the educational process, to improve the quality of education.

Қазақстанда жоғары медициналық білім беруді жетілдіру аясында негізгі базалық білімнің қалыптасуы болашақ дәрігерлердің жалпы дайындауындағы өзекті мәселелердің бірі болып табылады, оларға биохимиялық зерттеу әдістері – диагностикалық ақпарат алудың негізгі көзі. Ағзадағы биохимиялық үрдістердің мәні мен өзара байланысын түсіну заманауи маманның клиникалық ой-танымының қалыптасуына ықпал етеді. Мәселенің өзектілігін ескере келе, мақала медициналық жоғары оқу орнында биохимия пәнін оқытудың әдістерін және жетілдірудің түрлерін анықтауға арналған. Білім берудің белсенді әдістері мен түрлері қарастырылған, клиникалық есептерді пайдалана отыра интеграциялық сабақтар өткізудің түрлі әдістемелері сипатталған. Кафедрада биохимияны оқытудың көптеген жылдар бойы жиналған тәжірибесінің негізінде білім сапасын арттыруға, білім беру үрдісін жақсартуға ықпал ететін ұсыныстар берілген.
СОЦИАЛЬНОЕ ПАРТНЁРСТВО В ПСИХИАТРИИ
Authors: С.Н. Молчанов , М.Т. Шакирова
Published: November 2024

Резюме В Республике Казахстан в следующем 2019 году ожидаются кардинальные перемены в сфере оказания помощи больным с психическими заболеваниями. Основные усилия специалистов будут направлены на реабилитационную составляющую, и здесь ощутимую помощь могут оказать неправительственные организации, работающие в данном направлении.

In the Republic of Kazakhstan in the next year of 2019 cardinal changes are expected in the sphere of rendering assistance to patients with mental illnesses. The main efforts of specialists will be directed to the rehabilitation component, and here the tangible assistance can be provided by non-governmental organizations working in this direction.

Қазақстан Республикасында келесі 2019 жылы психикалық аурулары бар науқастарға көмек көрсету саласында кардиналды өзгерістер күтіліп отыр. Мамандардың негізгі күші оңалтулық құрамға бағытталмақ және осы кезде осы бағытта істейтін басқарушы емес ұйымдар айтарлықтай басым көмек көрсете алады.
Pengaruh Pajak Daerah, Retribusi, dan Hasil Pengelolaan Kekayaan yang Dipisahkan terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Jawa Tengah ( Studi pada Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Jawa Tengah)
Authors: Wulan Amy Wulandari , Rachman Arif Nugroho , Widyaningrum Wahyu
Published: November 2024

This study aims to obtain empirical evidence regarding the analysis of the effect of Regional Taxes, Regional Levies, and Results of Wealth Management which are separated from Regional Original Income. The dependent variable in this study is Local Own Revenue, while the independent variables in this study are Regional Taxes, Regional Levies, and Separated Wealth Management Results. This study uses a quantitative method using secondary data taken from the 2019- 2021 District/City Budget Realization Reports in Central Java Province. The sampling technique in this study used the documentation study method. The population for this study was 29 districts/cities in Central Java Province and 6 cities and obtained 105 LRA data, but only 30 LRA data could be processed. The research data processing method uses multiple regression analysis. The results of this study are that Regional Taxes, Regional Levies, and Separated Wealth Management Results have an effect on Regional Original Income.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh bukti empiris mengenai analisis pengaruh Pajak Daerah, Retribusi Daerah, dan Hasil Pengelolaan Kekayaan yang dipisahkan terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah. Variabel dependen pada penelitian ini adalah Pendapatan Asli Daerah, sedangkan variabel independen penelitian ini adalah Pajak Daerah, Retribusi Daerah, dan Hasil Pengelolaan Kekayaan yang Dipisahkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder yang diambil dari Laporan Realisasi Anggaran tahun 2019-2021 Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi dokumentasi. Populasi penelitian ini Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Jawa Tengah sejumlah 29 Kabupaten dan 6 Kota dan diperoleh data 105 data LRA, namun hanya 30 data LRA yang dapat diolah. Metode pengolahan data penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi berganda. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Pajak Daerah, Retribusi Daerah, dan Hasil Pengelolaan Kekayaan yang Dipisahkan berpengaruh terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerahpemulihan ekonomi Indonesia hingga tahun 2022.