bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH MASSA JENIS PARTIKEL DAN KETINGGIAN PARTIKEL TERHADAP FENOMENA FLUIDISASI DALAM FLUIDIZED BED DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN CFD
Authors: Permatasari Rosyida , Handrianus Feliks , Eni Christina
Published: January 2017

Fenomena fluidisasi pada fluidized bed yaitu kecepatan minimum dan tekanan statis partikel merupakan hal fenomena yang penting dalam desain fluidized bed. Fenomena-fenomena tersebut dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor dalam fluidized bed diantaranya massa jenis dan tinggi partikel di dalam fluidized bed. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis partikel yang berbeda-beda dan rasio ketinggian partikel terhadap diameter fluidized bed (H/D) dengan menggunakan Computational Fluid Dynamics. Partikel yang digunakan adalah partikel dengan jenis Geldart B yaitu glass beads (ρ=2600 kg/m3), ground walnut shell (ρ=1200 kg/m3) dan ground corncob (ρ=800 kg/m3), sedangkan rasio ketinggian partikel yang digunakan yaitu 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, dan 2.5. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa massa jenis partikel berbanding lurus dengan kecepatan minimum fluidisasi dan ketinggian partikel tidak mempengaruhi kecepatan minimum fluidisasi.
Sensus Daerah: Mengembangkan Sistem Administrasi Kependudukan dalam Rangka Otonomi Daerah
Authors: Sadono Dwi
Published: January 2017

Perencanaan pembangunan yang baik memerlukan tersedianya data dasar (baseline data) sumberdaya yang dimilikinya (manusia, alam, ekonomi, dan sebagainya) yang baik dari negara/daerah yang bersangkutan. Salah satu data dasar yang diperlukan adalah data dasar mengenai administrasi kependudukan. Pentingnya administrasi kependudukan yang baik semakin dirasakan daerah dalam era otonomi daerah. Tanpa tersedianya data dasar yang baik maka dapat membuat banyak kebijakan yang kurang tepat sasaran. Dengan tersedianya “bank data” melalui Sensus Daerah dengan basis data setiap warga menurut daftar nama (by name) dan menurut daftar alamat (by address) secara berjenjang mulai dari tingkat Rukun Tetangga (RT) hingga tingkat kabupaten dan selalu diperbaharui secara simultan, maka akan dapat dijadikan sebagai acuan yang memadai dalam menetapkan kebijakan maupun program pembangunan daerah yang lebih efektif.
Komunikasi Pembangunan dan Pemberdayaan : Kasus pada Peternakan Rakyat
Authors: Hadiyanto .
Published: January 2017

Tulisan ini berusaha mengkaji pendekatan-pendekatan program pemberdayaan peternak rakyat di Indonesia selama ini ditinjau dari perspektif Komunikasi Pembangunan serta mengkaji peluang dan tatangan yang mungkin dihadapi dalam penerapan pendekatan yang disebut dengan istilah Komunikasi Pembangunan Partisipatif dalam pemberdayaan peternak rakyat. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberdayaan peternak rakyat melalui pendekatan teknis dan terpadu yang pernah diterapkan, dari perspektif Komunikasi Pembangunan, masih dilakukan secara sentralistis dan merupakan proses yang bersifat top-down. Hal ini terlihat dalam penerapannya melalui pendekatan penyuluhan yang berakar pada model difusi-inovasi dan model program paket. Pendekatan ini cenderung lebih berorientasi pada produksi daripada pemberdayaan peternak, sehingga komunikasi hanya dipandang sebagai pendukung atau pelengkap dalam pelaksanaan program. Pendekatan ini juga mengakibatkan partisipasi peternak yang semu, keberlanjutannya kurang terjamin, kesenjangan yang semakin melebar, dan ketergantungan. Salah satu solusi alternatif di masa depan adalah mengintegrasikan pendekatan komunikasi pembangunan yang lebih partisipatif dengan pendekatan agribisnis berbasis komunitas dalam rangka pemberdayaan peternak rakyat di pedesaan. Meskipun demikian penerapan pendekatan ini dimungkinkan masih menghadapi beberapa kendala, antara lain belum populernya konsep, strategi dan pendekatan komunikasi pembangunan partisipatif dan dampak yang dihasilkannya baru dapat dirasakan dalam jangka waktu yang lebih lama.
Aspek Sosial Budaya dalam Penyelenggaraan Penyuluhan: Kasus Petani di Lahan Marjinal
Authors: Amanah Siti , L. Hastuti, Endang , Basuno Edi
Published: January 2017

This article focuses on explanation about socio-cultural aspects on the implementation of agricultural extension on farmers living on marginal lands. The paper was based on the research conducted on two population of farmers, in Bogor and Pontianak. Survey methods was used to collect data from 140 farmers’ respondents. Results research showed that farmers in marginal lands ran their business in small scale, the ownership of the lands was less than 0.5 hectares, farmers living condition were in low level soscio-economic condition. There were significant correlation between the dyamic of socio cultural condition, strength agricultural policy, extension workers competency, farmers business with the farmers competency in managing the lands for agricultural business. To promote better condition of farmers in marginal lands, agricultural extension institution should be strengthened and extension workers capacity needed to develop to facilitate the change in terms of increasing the productivity lands to improve farmers welfare and conserving the environment as well.

 
Kritik Ekologi Poskolonial : Dari Kontrol Pembangunan yang Berkelanjutan menuju Praksis Ekologi Bersama
Authors: Agusta Ivanovich
Published: January 2017

Kebijakan pembangunan yang berkelanjutan paling tepat dipahami sebagai konstruksi kebijakan ekologi yang disusun oleh Utara untuk mendominasi Selatan. Konsep pembangunan yang berkelanjutan pertama kali muncul di Eropa, kemudian sejak dekade 1990-an dijadikan komoditas utang luar negeri bagi Selatan. Diskursus pembangunan yang berkelanjutan dikuatkan dan dimaterialisasikan melalui lembaga-lembaga pendidikan, ekonomi, hingga teknologi. Artikel ini mengajukan ruang kritik baru melalui susunan baru matriks teori-teori ekologi. Untuk mengatasi kontrol Utara tersebut diajukan hibriditas sebagai basis kebijakan ekologi. Hibriditas memungkinkan solidaritas lintas kelas dan teritorial lokal hingga internasional, mengatasi penyekatan yang tersusun semula, sekaligus mengembangkan sifat dinamis kebijakan sebagai proses “menjadi” secara terus menerus.
Independensi Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat (LSM) di Tengah Kepentingan Donor
Authors: Assadi Husain , Hadi Dharmawan Arya , Adiwibowo Soeryo
Published: January 2017

The top-down development approach has failed to bring Indonesia in meeting prosperity. Alternatively, a critical approach as offered by Non Governmental Organization (NGO) becomes much more attractive to be adopted. However such approach encounters problematics since each NGO carries its own interest, ideology, and its dependency on donor agencies, normally diametrically collide with another NGO’s ideology, its interest as well as donor-supported interest. This study is to answer the question how deep have donors infleunced to the ideology, interest, and financial independency of local NGOs. The study use qualitative method as approach. The financial arrangement network, action, interest, motives and NGOs’ ideologies are the main focus of this study. Two NGOs are observed, namely Lembaga Kajian untuk Transformasi Sosial (LKTS) and Lembaga Pertanian Sehat (LPS). This study revealed that LKTS and LPS were quite dependent in the financial aspect. LKTS was also dependent in formulating action, while LPS was independent. Some factors affecting the independence of NGOs are: (1) degree of militancy of NGOs’ ideology, (2) financial strength, (3) NGOs’ level of achievements. In the development perspective, NGOs are not necessarily reflecting type of social movement organization which are always strongly based on bottom-up ideology.

 
Keterdedahan Media Massa dan Perubahan Sosiokultural Komunitas Pesantren
Authors: Saleh Amiruddin
Published: January 2017

Pesantren [traditional Islamic boarding school] is a typical traditional religious education institution that has been presence in Indonesia since centuries. In maintaining its cultural-survival, pesantren is facing dramatic challenge due to rapid development of communications and information as brought in by modern technology. The massive influx of messages coming from mass media is really distorting the traditional codes of cultures as maintained in the pesantren education system. This phenomenon has brought about dramatic socio-cultural changes in the pesantren as a social entity. To see how deep is the influence of mass media exposure bringing about social change in pesantren, a study has been carried out. The aim of the study is to know the interplaying relationship between personal characteristics of the pesantren community members with mass media exposure and socio-cultural changes. The study revealed that personal characteristics and social economic background of students of pesantren have generally a very strong and significant correlation to the mass media exposure. The study concludes that significant influence of mass media exposure on the students has resulted in significant socio-cultural changes in the pesantren.
PERUBAHAN KELEMBAGAAN DALAM PENGELOLAAN SUMBERDAYA LAUT TRADISIONAL (KASUS KELEMBAGAAN SASI DI KAIMANA)
Authors: Patriana Ratna , Adiwibowo Soeryo , A. Kinseng Rilus , Satria Arif
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
Sasi, as a regime of common (pool) resource management, has long been trusted as one of the most efficient traditional practices in maintaining the sustainability of resources in coastal areas. However, the practice of Sasiwas highly influenced by adat, customary laws set by feudal system that have been replaced by the modern state. This research intended toexamine (1) how the practice of Sasi has changed along with the ecological, social, and economic changes that happened within the society, and (2) what was the impact of this change to the mechanism of the distribution of wealth within the localcommunity. Field research was conducted inthe Kaimana District, West Papua Province,from November - December 2015, using qualitative methods and progressive contextualization strategy.The results indicated that the economic changes were the main driving factor of the dynamic of Sasi in Kaimana. The commercialization of Sasi by village elites hasreplaced this tradition of marine conservation and its orientation with the mechanism ofsurplus accummulation. It degraded the social security mechanism, affectedthe income of the community in general,and developed intimate exclusionsof the sub-ordinate groups,includingwomen.
Keywords: coastal resource, social change, social security, intimate exclusion.

ABSTRAK
Sasi, sebagai suatu rezim pengelolaan sumberdaya alam milik bersama, telah lama dipercaya sebagai salah satu praktek tradisional yang efisien dalam memelihara kelestarian sumberdaya di wilayah laut. Namun demikian, praktek Sasi ini sangat dipengaruhi oleh adat yang didirikan oleh sistem feodal, suatu sistem yang kini telah digantikan oleh pemerintahan modern. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan (1) bagaimana praktek Sasi telah berubah sejalan dengan perubahan ekologi, sosial dan ekonomi yang terjadi di masyarakat, dan (2) bagaimana dampak perubahan tersebut terhadap mekanisme distribusi kemakmuran di dalam komunitas. Studi lapangan dilakukan pada November – Desember 2016 di Kabupaten Kaimana, Papua Barat, dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dan strategi penelitian progressive contextualization. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan ekonomi adalah yang paling berpengaruh terhadap dinamika Sasi di Kaimana. Komersialisasi Sasi oleh elit desa telah menggeser tradisi konservasi laut serta orientasinya dengan mekanisme akumulasi surplus bagi rumah tangga. Hal ini menyebabkan tergedradasinya mekanisme jaminan sosial masyarakat secara umum, dan menimbulkan intimate exclusion terhadap kelompok sub-ordinat, termasuk perempuan.
Kata kunci: sumberdaya laut, perubahan sosial, jaminan sosial, eksklusi karib.
MENGEMBANGKAN SISTEM PENYULUHAN PERTANIAN, PERIKANAN, DAN KEHUTANAN DALAM RANGKA IMPLEMENTASI UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 16 TAHUN 2006
Authors: Sadono Dwi
Published: January 2017

The enactment of Law 16/2006 on System of Agricultural Extension, Fisheries and Forestry may be marked as the new era in agricultural extension development of Indonesia. It is realized so far, that there has been no significant progress to that issue since the extension service had been administratively shifted from the central government to regional authority. Lack of local authority commitment on funding the extension services has made agricultural extension activities remained undeveloped during the years. With Law 16/2006, extension services gained sufficient legal-basis to be undertaken and thus financed by regional authority. This article is part of study to see sub-systems of extension, i.e. extension policy, agricultural extension, research and inspection, special education/official duty, and training. These sub-systems build up an integrative extension system that determines the success of agricultural extension mission at large. This writing tries to elaborate how better functional interconnection among those sub-systems could help increase the effectiveness of agricultural extension activities in the field.
THE EMERGENCE OF MATERIALISM AND ISLAMIC VIEW UPON IT
Authors: Muttaqin Muttaqin
Published: January 2017

Materialism is an understanding that states that something invisible (can’t be sensed) did not exist. That is, the unseen world (including God, angels, jinn, etc.) does not exist. Because it can’t be sensed by humans. So if so, how Islam views the concept? Where in the Islamic religion teaches the unseen world which is summarized in the pillars of faith. Automatic if Muslims agree with the materialism, then it will greatly affect the faith. For this reason, this paper tries to explain the essence of the concept of Materialism, by reviewing the definition and history, which at this time will review the opinions of the philosophers of ancient Greece is also one of the teachings of India, Carvaka. At the end of the analysis will be presented how should a Muslim respond to the concept of this materialism.
PLANNING FOR THE SMART MOSQUE AS ISLAMIC LEARNING RESOURCES CENTER
Authors: Muhlis - , Sugiyo - , Sumaryanto Totok , Kardoyo -
Published: January 2017

The purpose of this research to describe, to analyze, and to develop, the so-called “smart mosque” as a development model for the planning of an integrated Islamic education classroom. The approach of this research is quantitative with survey techniques. Respondents of this survey to all teachers PAI in 31 of senior Islamic high school in Grobogan, Jawa Tengah Indonesia. The taking of data with the questioner.  The Data are analyzed with descriptive analysis. The finding this research of Islamic learning planning at 31 Islamic senior high schools shows 83.9% of them need mosque as laboratory and learning sources. The planning design effectiveness is carried out with practitioner and expert validation with focus group discussion (FGD) pattern and products test on design subject. There are three models for the planning of Islamic education classroom which developed in this study are (1) center model (center of learning resource and center of religious affection)., (2) area model; the area of Qur’an Hadith, Fiqh, Aqidah Akhlaq, and Islamic history), (3) corner model; restroom, locker rooms, stairs, purity/ berwudlu, worship (separate sons and daughters)
Space and Habitat Use by Male and Female Raccoons, Procyon lotor, in Kansas
Authors: Kamler Jan F. , Gipson Philip S.
Published: January 2017

We monitored 12 radio-tagged adult Raccoons (Procyon lotor) from an unexploited population in northeastern Kansas to determine intersexual differences in space and habitat use. Home ranges (mean ± SE) of males were relatively large (266 ± 14 ha) and mutually exclusive, whereas home ranges of females were relatively small (122 ± 52 ha) and overlapped extensively. Sizes of home ranges were smaller (P < 0.05) in winter than summer for both sexes, although females reduced their home ranges more than males. Females used more grassland habitats than males during summer (P < 0.05), whereas males used more grassland habitats than females during winter (P < 0.05). Seasonal differences in habitat selection was detected for females (P < 0.05), but not males. Intersexual differences in space and habitat use were likely related to different behavioral strategies employed by male and female Raccoons.
Sandhill Crane, Grus canadensis, Nesting in the Yorkton Wetland Complex, Saskatchewan
Authors: Burke Ann M.
Published: January 2017

Surveys for Sandhill Cranes (Grus canadensis) were conducted near Yorkton, Saskatchewan during the summers of 1995, 1996 and 1997. Seven nesting territories were identified and habitat measurements were taken at six nests. All nests were located in the emergent deep marsh zone of open water marshes within residual stands of Hardstem Bulrush (Scirpus acutus). Seven eggs were measured in four nests. Estimated hatching dates ranged from 20 May to 9 June. Total productivity for the three years was 0.80 chick per breeding pair (12 offspring fledged by 15 pairs). Individual pair productivity was impacted by disturbance, mate change, adult mortality, and predation. Hunting mortality may also impact the population.
Physical Condition of an Animal, Using as an Example the Common Eider, Somateria mollissima
Authors: Cabanac Arnaud J.
Published: January 2017

An index of the physical condition of an animal should describe its endogenous available energy. The welfare of the animal depends on its ability to spend its stored energy (lipid and protein) in order to survive the environmental and behavioural challenge at the particular time of its capture. I propose a new index to predict the survival chance of the subject. The new index of physical condition takes into account the available endogenous energy reserves and the known needs of the species at that particular time of year. I further illustrate this new method of estimating the physical condition by running a trial with Common Eiders, Somateria mollissima.
Effects of Season of Burning on the Microenvironment of Fescue Prairie in Central Saskatchewan
Authors: Archibold O. W. , Ripley E. A. , Delanoy L.
Published: January 2017

The microenvironmental effects of spring, summer and autumn burns were investigated for a small area of fescue prairie in Saskatchewan over two growing seasons. Maximum fire temperature in all burns exceeded 300°C at a height of 5-10 cm in the canopy. At a depth of 1 cm in the soil, temperature increased to 40°C during the summer burn, but was unaffected by burns at other seasons. Spring-burned grasses recovered to the same height as the unburned control plot by the end of the first summer. Grass height was similar in all plots by the end of the second growing season, but aboveground biomass in all burned plots was about half that of the control. Graminoid leaf area index at the end of the second growing season ranged from 0.65 in the control plot to 0.27 in the autumn burn. Surface albedos dropped to about 0.03 immediately after burning and took about 3 months to return to the pre-burn values near 0.20. By mid-June of the second year, albedos were similar in all plots. Soil temperatures at 50 cm depth in the burned plots were higher than in the control during the first summer and lower during the winter. The greatest winter snowpack (73 mm water equivalent) accumulated in the control, compared to 48, 35 and 25 mm in the spring, summer and autumn burned plots, respectively. In the first growing season the greatest demand for water occurred in the spring plot followed by the summer, control and autumn plots. In the second season water demand did not differ significantly among plots, reflecting the similarities in plant cover. The microenvironmental effects of a single burning episode in fescue prairie disappear rather quickly, so that there is little long-term impact on the vegetation.
A Northern Hawk Owl, Surnia ulula, Nest on a Man-made Structure in Alaska
Authors: Reakoff Michelle L. , Reakoff Jack L. , Craig Tim
Published: January 2017

A Northern Hawk Owl nest was found in a metal cavity on the superstructure of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline. This may be the only record of Northern Hawk Owls nesting on a man-made structure in North America.
Does Removal of Duck Nest Predators Affect the Temporal Patterns of Predation for Simulated Nests of Grassland Songbirds?
Authors: Dion Nancy , Hobson Keith A. , Larivière Serge
Published: January 2017

We tested whether the temporal patterns of songbird nest predation changed following removal of predators of duck nests in North Dakota, USA, 1995-1996. Overall, 2286 simulated nests were deployed of which 951 were equipped with depredation timing devices that recorded the time of day of nest destruction. Predators destroyed 242 timer nests, and 155 depredation events were recorded. Temporal distribution of predation events was uniform over a 24-h period. However, predator groups, identified by using marks left on modeling clay eggs, depredated nests at different times. Mean times of depredation were 07h41, 12h57, 17h50, and 22h47 for small mammals, ground squirrels, birds, and medium-sized mammals, respectively. Daily depredation events occurred earlier on removal versus non-removal sites. However, within each predator group, there was no difference in depredation times between removal and non-removal sites. We suggest that the difference in time of depredation is caused by the differential importance of each predator group on removal versus removal sites, and thus conclude that removing duck nest predators does not affect temporal foraging patterns of smaller predators.
Characteristics of Early-Winter Caribou, Rangifer tarandus caribou, Feeding Sites in the Southern Purcell Mountains, British Columbia
Authors: Kinley Trevor A. , Bergenske John , Davies Julie-Anne , Quinn David
Published: January 2017

Mountain Caribou are a rare ecotype of Woodland Caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) inhabiting the high-snowfall region of southeastern British Columbia, and are defined by their late-winter reliance on arboreal hair lichen of the genus Bryoria. During early winter, there is considerable variation in habitat use among populations. We snow-trailed Caribou in the southern Purcell Mountains during early winter to determine foraging patterns for the Purcell population. When snow was ≤51 cm deep, Caribou fed on Grouseberry (Vaccinium scoparium), the terrestrial lichen Cladonia, and arboreal lichens of the genus Bryoria. When snow was ≥62 cm deep, they ate exclusively arboreal lichens. In both periods, Caribou ate arboreal lichen from essentially every downed tree or branch encountered and fed with a higher intensity at downed trees than standing trees. During the low-snow period, Caribou fed at fewer trees but used those with greater lichen abundance, and fed more intensively at each, compared to the deep-snow period. In comparison to trees occurring on the foraging path but at which Caribou did not feed, those from which arboreal lichen was foraged intensively were of larger diameter, had greater lichen abundance, and were more likely to be Subalpine Fir (Abies lasiocarpa) or Engelmann Spruce (Picea engelmannii) and less likely to be Whitebark Pine (Pinus albicaulis), Lodgepole Pine (P. contorta) or Alpine Larch (Larix lyalli). The shift in diet between the low-snow and deep-snow periods reflected two modes of foraging within the early winter period, distinct from one another and apparently also distinct from the late-winter season. Management for early-winter habitat will require retention of some commercially significant forest across extensive areas, both near the subalpine forest – subalpine parkland ecotone and lower in the subalpine forest.
Planispiral Burrows from a Recent Lacustrine Beach, Gander Lake, Newfoundland
Authors: MacNaughton Robert B.
Published: January 2017

Simple horizontal, planispiral burrows occur in Recent beach sediments on the south shore of Gander Lake, Newfoundland. The burrows apparently represent deposit feeding, possibly by an arthropod. This occurrence extends the known environmental range of such traces into lacustrine settings and illustrates that such behaviour is not exclusive to marine settings.
Have Lesser Scaup, Aythya affinis, Reproductive Rates Declined in Parkland Manitoba?
Authors: Koons David N. , Rotella Jay J.
Published: January 2017

Long-term surveys indicate that the scaup populations have declined over the past 20 years, and that this is probably the result of decreases in Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis) rather than Greater Scaup (Aythya marila) numbers. To identify factors possibly related to the decline, we estimated demographic parameters for a local population of Lesser Scaup at Erickson, Manitoba, that was well studied before declines occurred and compared these estimates to historic rates. On average, nests were initiated later than in the past, and recent estimates of nesting success and duckling survival were lower than historical estimates. Breeding-season survival of adult females was estimated as 72.6%, with most (83%) mortality occurring during nesting. Current estimates of demographic rates at Erickson are too low to maintain a stable local population, and suppressed reproductive rates might be the proximate cause of the local population decline.
Landscape Influence on Canis Morphological and Ecological Variation in a Coyote-Wolf C. lupus × latrans Hybrid Zone, Southeastern Ontario
Authors: Sears Hilary J. , Theberge John B. , Theberge Mary T. , Thornton Ian , Campbell G. Douglas
Published: January 2017

The ecology of Coyote-Wolf (Canis latrans × C. lupus) hybrids has never fully been typified. We studied morphological and ecological variation in Canis within a region of Coyote-Wolf hybridization in southeastern Ontario. We assessed Canis morphology from standard body measurements and ten skull measurements of adult specimens and found that Canis in this region are morphologically intermediate between Algonquin Provincial Park Wolves (C. lupus lycaon) and Coyotes, indicating a latrans × lycaon hybrid origin; however, there is a closer morphological affinity to latrans than lycaon. Analysis of 846 scats indicated dietary habits also intermediate between lycaon and Coyotes. We used a geographic information system (GIS) to assess spatial landscape features (road density, land cover and fragmentation) for six study sites representing three landscape types. We found noticeable variation in Canis morphology and diet in different landscape types. In general, canids from landscape type A (lowest road density, more total forest cover, less fragmentation) displayed more Wolf-like body morphology and consumed a greater proportion of larger prey (Beaver [Castor canadensis] and White-tailed Deer [Odocoileus virginianus]). In comparison, canids from landscape types B and C (higher road density and/or less total forest cover, more fragmentation) were generally more Coyote-like in body and skull morphology and made greater use of medium to small-sized prey (Groundhog [Marmota monax], Muskrat [Ondatra zibethicus] and lagomorphs). These landscape trends in Canis types suggest selection against Wolf-like traits in fragmented forests with high road density. The range of lycaon southeast of Algonquin Provincial Park appears to be limited primarily due to human access and consequent exploitation. We suggest that road density is the best landscape indicator of Canis types in this region of sympatric, hybridizing and unprotected Canis populations.
Do Female Northern Pintails, Anas acuta, Initiate Rapid Follicular Growth During Spring Migration?
Authors: Dombrowski Pascale , Bourgeois Jean-Claude , Couture Richard , Linard Christian
Published: January 2017

We describe the reproductive status of female Northern Pintails (Anas acuta) staging on a flooded plain along the St. Lawrence River (Quebec, Canada) during the spring of 1997. Nine of the 27 female pintails we collected had ovarian follicles showing Rapid Follicular Growth (RFG). In RFG females, total blood calcium and ash mass increased with follicular development. They had greater muscle and bone mass, and higher blood calcium levels, compared to pre-RFG birds. However, carcass fat mass and sex hormone levels (estradiol and progesterone) did not differ between the two groups. Our results indicate that at least some Northern Pintails initiate egg formation processes prior to arrival at nesting areas, which is consistent with early nesting. The nutrients and energy required for this early egg formation must come from reserves stored during winter, foods consumed in staging areas, or both.
Demographic Patterns and Limitation of Grey Wolves, Canis lupus, in and Near Pukaskwa National Park, Ontario
Authors: Forshner S. Anne , Paquet Paul C. , Burrows Frank G. M. , Neale Graham K. , Wade Keith D. , Samuel William M.
Published: January 2017

In response to concern regarding the growth and long-term viability of the wolf population in and near Pukaskwa National Park, a study of demographic patterns and limitation of radio-collared wolves (Canis lupus) was completed between 1994 and 1998. The mean annual finite rate of increase (0.96) suggested that population growth of wolves was limited and declining slightly. Small pack sizes, high cumulative mortality, and low reproductive success also suggested a declining population. Two limiting factors, ungulate biomass and human-caused mortality, were examined to determine the importance of each in limiting the population growth of wolves. Ungulate biomass was involved because occurrence of natural-caused mortality was high (9 of 17 wolves) compared with other studies. In addition, consumption rates were low and similar to other studies where starvation and other signs of malnutrition were noted. Further, Moose densities in the study area were low to moderate and below thresholds indicating nutritional stress for wolves. Occurrence of human-caused mortality was high (8 of 17 wolves) suggesting that it was also an important limiting factor, particularly given the low availability of ungulate biomass and reproduction noted in this study. Based on present demographic patterns, ungulate biomass, and human-caused mortality, the wolf population likely will remain at present low densities or continue to decline.
Estimation of Seed Bank and Seed Viability of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence Aster, Symphyotrichum laurentianum, (Fernald) Nesom
Authors: Kemp Joni F. , Lacroix Christian R.
Published: January 2017

The Gulf of St. Lawrence Aster, Symphyotrichum laurentianum, is a member of the family Asteraceae and is listed as “threatened” by COSEWIC (Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada). This rare and vulnerable halophyte grows in only a few locations in New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and the Magdalen Islands, Quebec. As an annual, S. laurentianum relies exclusively on its seeds to survive to the next generation. The goal of this study was to estimate the quantity of viable S. laurentianum seeds in the persistent and transient seed banks at selected sites in Prince Edward Island. Overall, the number of seeds in the transient and persistent seed banks is low. The greatest concentration of seeds was found near the surface of the soil. In addition, only a small proportion of those seeds tested positive for viability based on Tetrazolium staining. Of the seeds in the persistent and transient seed banks combined, 53% were viable whereas only 2% of the seeds in the persistent seed bank were viable. Population surveys were also completed at the five known sites (both extinct and extant) in Prince Edward Island National Park. All sites showed signs of decline based on population estimates dating back to 1993. The Covehead Pond site showed the greatest decline: from 250-300 individuals in 1993 to only 10 individuals in 2002. The population at Dune Slack also showed a dramatic decrease from approximately 65 000 in 1999, to 2 200 individuals in 2002. Monitoring of this plant and the development of a management plan for the species are critical to its survival.
Extraordinary Size and Survival of American Black Duck, Anas rubripes, Broods
Authors: Longcore Jerry R. , McAuley Daniel G.
Published: January 2017

Two female American Black Ducks (Anas rubripes) were initially observed during June 1982 with 20 Class Ib or 18-22 Class Ia-b ducklings in two wetlands in Hancock County, Cherryfield, Maine. Fifteen of 20 ducklings (75%) in one brood and 16 of 18-22 ducklings (72-89%) in the other brood survived to fledge. These large broods probably resulted from post-hatch brood amalgamation.
Observations of Interactions between Puma, Puma concolor, and Introduced European Red Deer, Cervus elaphus, in Patagonia
Authors: Flueck Werner T.
Published: January 2017

Direct observations of interactions between native Puma (Puma concolor) and introduced European Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) in Patagonia are discussed with respect to the absence of evolutionary sympatry. Although the founding stock of European Red Deer had been lacking natural predation pressure for considerable time due to the previous extinction of large predators, these observations suggested that inherent antipredator behavior of European Red Deer toward this novel predator, once detected, was effective and may partially explain the success of European Red Deer as an invasive species. Puma behavior supported the view that they are a generalist predator which opportunistically utilizes new prey species like European Red Deer.
Premières mentions de la Couleuvre mince, Thamnophis sauritus septentrionalis, au Québec
Authors: Desroches Jean-François , Laparé Richard
Published: January 2017

Deux Couleuvres minces, Thamnophis sauritus septentrionalis, ont été trouvées les 12 et 13 août 2003, dans le comté de Pontiac en Outaouais, au Québec. Il s'agit des premières mentions de cette espèce dans la province. Des détails concernant les spécimens trouvés et les habitats sont présentés, de même qu'une brève discussion sur la présence de cette espèce au Québec. Trois autres Couleuvres minces ont été trouvées en 2004, dans le même secteur, le même qu'une autre à l'Île-du-Grand-Calumet, à environ 30 km au nord-ouest.Two Ribbonsnakes, Thamnophis sauritus septentrionalis, were found on 12 and 13 of August 2003, in Pontiac County, Outaouais region, in Québec. These are the first records of the species for the province. Details on the specimens and habitats in which they were found are presented, as well as a brief discussion on the presence of Ribbonsnakes in Québec. Three additional Ribbonsnakes were found in 2004, in the same area, and another one on Île-du-Grand-Calumet, about 30 km northwest.
Conservation Evaluation of Howell's Triteleia, Triteleia howellii, an Endangered Lily in Canada
Authors: Douglas George W. , Penny Jenifer L.
Published: January 2017

In Canada, Triteleia howellii is restricted to Quercus garryana stands and grass-dominated meadows on southeastern Vancouver Island in southwestern British Columbia. Nine sites have been confirmed in recent years while three other sites are considered extirpated. These Canadian sites represent the northern range limits of T. howellii. Threats to existing populations vary in intensity. Although most populations are protected to a certain extent from direct habitat destruction, introduced species pose a serious potential threat to the continued existence of most populations. Managing sites for T. howellii is difficult because little information is available regarding the general biology of this species.
Immobilization of Clover-trapped White-tailed Deer, Odocoileus virginianus, with Medetomidine and Ketamine, and Antagonism with Atipamezole
Authors: Millspaugh Joshua J. , Washburn Brian E. , Meyer Tamara M. , Beringer Jeff , Hansen Lonnie P.
Published: January 2017

We evaluated the effectiveness of immobilizing Clover-trapped White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginanus) with medetomidine hydrochloride (HCl) and ketamine HCl during winter and summer by monitoring immobilization intervals and vital signs. In winter, we captured deer in Clover traps in 1 4-ha research enclosure for relocation to another on-site enclosure (n = 5). In summer, we captured free-ranging deer in Clover traps to attach radio-collars (n = 4). We administered an estimated 0.055 mg/kg medetomidine HCl and 2.5 mg/kg ketamine HCl to adult (> 1.5 years of age) deer and 0.06 mg/kg medetomidine HCl and 2.5 mg/kg ketamine HCl to subadult (< 1.5 years of age) deer. We used an intramuscular injection of atipamezole HCl as the antagonist at a rate of 0.275 mg/kg for adults and 0.3 mg/kg for subadults > 30 minutes post-induction. Mean induction time in winter was 11.2 minutes (SE = 2.5, range = 5.4 - 24.2) and 6.5 minutes (SE = 0.8, range = 6.2 - 7.5) in summer. After atipamezole HCl injection, the mean time to walking was 17.1 minutes (SE = 3.5, range = 7.5 - 41.5 minutes) in winter and 11.3 minutes (SE = 3.8, range = 4.7 - 13.5) in summer. Rectal temperature was relatively constant throughout immobilization; however rectal temperatures of 5 deer (n = 3 in winter; n = 2 in summer) exceeded 40oC, a sign of hyperthermia. Respiration rate and pulse rate peaked at about 20 minutes post-medetomidine HCl and ketamine HCl injection, then generally declined thereafter. No mortalities were observed in our study. Medetomidine HCl and ketamine HCl doses for Clover-trapped White-tailed Deer provided satisfactory induction times, sufficient level of anesthesia for short-distance relocation or radio-collar attachment, and were effectively reversed with an IM injection of atipamezole HCl.
Predation on Two Mule Deer, Odocoileus hemionus, by a Canada Lynx, Lynx canadensis, in the Southern Canadian Rocky Mountains
Authors: Poszig Dörte , Apps Clayton D. , Dibb Alan
Published: January 2017

A male Canada Lynx (Lynx canadensis) killed two Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in the southern Canadian Rocky Mountains in January 1999 and made use of the kills for 28 days. Canada Lynx predation on ungulates has been reported but is rare, and accounts have been brief. We detail the lynx behaviour associated with the kills and their consumption. An infrared monitor and attached camera were used to register daily activity at the kill site. We speculate on the factors that may have influenced this opportunistic predation event.
The Barred Owl, Strix varia in Alberta: Distribution and Status
Authors: Priestley Lisa Takats
Published: January 2017

Barred Owl distribution and status in Alberta were investigated using over 300 individual records (1912 through 1999) that were collected from literature, museum/zoo specimens, nest cards, bird surveys, volunteer raptor banders, and naturalists. Barred Owls were distributed throughout much of the boreal forest, aspen parkland, foothill, and mountain ecoregions of Alberta. Fifty-four breeding records (46 nests) were found. Barred Owls were associated with older forests and had a clumped distribution, predominantly along water where larger Balsam Poplar trees provide nesting sites. According to Alberta's "Status of Alberta Wildlife 2000" criteria, the Barred Owl should be assessed as Sensitive. There is no evidence that Barred Owls have expanded their range in Alberta in the last 100 years; rather, they have maintained their distribution.
Movements of Subadult Male Grizzly Bears, Ursus arctos, in the Central Canadian Arctic
Authors: Gau Robert J. , McLoughlin Philip D. , Case Ray , Cluff H. Dean , Mulders Robert , Messier François
Published: January 2017

Between May 1995 and June 1999, we equipped eight subadult male (3-5 yrs old) Grizzly Bears (Ursus arctos) with satellite radio-collars within a study area of 235,000 km2, centred 400 km northeast of Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada. Subadult male annual home ranges were extraordinarily large (average = 11,407 km2, SE = 3849) due, in part, to their movement's occasional linear directionality. We believe their long-range linear movements may reflect some individuals tracking the migration of Caribou (Rangifer tarandus). Seasonal daily movement patterns were similar to adult males that were previously reported. The areas used by these bears are the largest ranges reported for any Grizzly Bears and the scale of their movements may put individual bears in contact with humans even when developments are hundreds of kilometres from the central home range of an animal.
Fifteenth Census of Seabird Populations in the Sanctuaries of the North Shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, 1998-1999
Authors: Rail Jean-François , Chapdelaine Gilles
Published: January 2017

For the first time since the tradition began in 1925, the quinquennial census of seabirds in the Migratory Bird Sanctuaries of the North Shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence was divided between two years in 1998-1999. Trends between 1993 and 1998-1999 were variable across species and sanctuaries. In particular, following the large decreases in both species noted in 1993, the 1998-1999 survey showed that Black-legged Kittiwakes had declined further, while the number of Herring Gulls had stabilized. Alcids were all doing well except for the Atlantic Puffin which showed severe yet unexplained drops at all major colonies. Law enforcement efforts appear reflected in seabird population trends, as well-patrolled sanctuaries such as St. Mary's Islands seem to do well, whereas many species at the Baie des Loups and Île à la Brume sanctuaries are far from their historical levels. In addition to a better law enforcement program, research is needed in order to identify other conservation problems that some species may be facing.Pour la première fois depuis 1925, l'inventaire quinquennal des oiseaux marins des refuges d'oiseaux migrateurs de la Côte-Nord du Golfe Saint-Laurent fut mené sur deux ans, soit en 1998 et 1999. Les tendances des populations entre 1993 et 1998-1999 étaient variables selon l'espèce et le refuge. En particulier, suite à une décroissance notée chez les deux espèces en 1993, l'inventaire de 1998-1999 a démontré que la Mouette tridactyle avait encore diminué, tandis que le nombre de Goélands argentés s'était stabilisé. Les populations d'Alcidés ont toutes semblé en bonne santé sauf celle du Macareux moine dont les colonies importantes ont diminué de façon sévère et inexpliquée. Les efforts de protection par l'application de la loi se reflètent visiblement dans les tendances des populations d'oiseaux de mer, puisque les refuges les mieux surveillés comme celui des Îles Sainte-Marie vont bien, alors que plusieurs espèces aux refuges de Baie des Loups et de l'île à la Brume sont loin de leurs niveaux historiques. En plus d'un meilleur programme d'application de la loi, la recherche est nécessaire pour identifier les autres problèmes de conservation auxquels certaines espèces font face.
"Ashkui" Vernal Ice-cover Phenomena and Their Ecological Role in Southern Labrador
Authors: Baillie Shauna M. , Wilkerson Corinne D. , Newbury Tina L.
Published: January 2017

This is the first documented incident of River Otter (Lutra canadensis) feeding on Common Goldeneye (Bucephala clangula) in a little studied region, southern Labrador. Our observations were made during spring staging when waterfowl aggregate at open water sites in frozen lakes and rivers, locally known as ashkui. We suggest that otters and raptors opportunistically forage on staging waterfowl at ashkui.
Evidence for the Use of Vocalization to Coordinate the Killing of a White-Tailed Deer, Odocoileus virginianus, by Coyotes, Canis latrans
Authors: Muntz Erich M. , Patterson Brent R.
Published: January 2017

Among the social canids, howling is largely accepted as playing a role in territory maintenance. However, its role in communication within packs, such as announcing departures from den and rendezvous sites and coordinating reunions or movements, remains largely speculative. We report an observation where a radio-collared adult male Coyote (Canis latrans) and his mate seemed to summon two other Coyotes (presumed to be their offspring) from ~700 m away to join in the successful pursuit of an adult male White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Our observation suggests that Coyotes can use vocalization as an effective means of coordinating social activities such as the hunting of large prey.
A Systematic Analysis of the Alpine Saxifrage Complex (Saxifragaceae) in the Canadian Arctic Islands Using Morphology and Chloroplast DNA Data
Authors: Healy Caroline , Gillespie Lynn J.
Published: January 2017

The Saxifraga nivalis complex displays significant ecological, morphological and cytological variation. Most European studies suggest that the S. nivalis complex comprises two distinct species: Saxifraga nivalis sensu stricto and Saxifraga tenuis. However, the presence of intermediate morphotypes, inconsistencies in chromosomal counts and variability in morphological keys and descriptions have led to different taxonomic interpretations of the complex in North America. This study investigated the systematics of Canadian Arctic Island members of this complex from 157 specimens using 23 morphological characters. Principal component analysis of the morphological data revealed two adjacent clusters, corresponding to the two taxa and consistent with a close morphological similarity and the presence of hybrids. A preliminary restriction site analysis of five non-coding regions of the chloroplast genome, trnH-trnK, trnT-trnF, trnF-trnV, trnV-rbcL and rbcL-ORF106, was conducted using 21 restriction endonucleases. This analysis indicated a length difference between the trnT-trnF region of S. nivalis and that of S. tenuis, but no difference in restriction sites for any of the assayed regions. These results confirm that in the Canadian Arctic, the S. nivalis complex consists of two closely related, largely sympatric species, with notable morphological variability, and possible hybrids.
Winter Habitat Use by Wolves, Canis lupus, in Relation to Forest Harvesting in West-central Alberta
Authors: Kuzyk Gerald W. , Kneteman Jeff , Schmiegelow Fiona K. A.
Published: January 2017

Forested landscapes in west-central Alberta are facing increased pressures from forest harvesting and other land-use activities, which may alter the movements and distribution of Wolves and ungulates. Information on habitat use by Wolves in logged forests is scarce, potentially limiting effective land-use planning in the boreal forest. Nine Wolves, from four Wolf packs, were fitted with GPS radiocollars in the Rocky Mountain foothills, near Grande Cache, Alberta (2000-2001). We found Wolves did not use the landscape randomly, but rather exhibited a significant preference for non-forested natural habitats (shrubs, water), relative to their availability. Within forest habitats, Wolves used cutblocks proportionately more than unharvested forest and non-forested anthropogenic habitats (pipelines, clearings); however, selection of forest cutblocks was not statistically significant. We found no evidence that Wolves preferred or avoided forest cutblock edges. Wolf pack territories contained various levels of timber harvesting, but most areas were still in the early stages of harvest. Nevertheless, these areas have been allocated for large-scale harvesting. Understanding the potential responses of Wolves to rapidly changing landscape mosaics poses a significant challenge to researchers and managers, but such information is important to informing future land-management and conservation strategies for boreal forest Wolf-prey systems.
Extension de l'aire de distribution connue de la Musaraigne fuligineuse, Sorex fumeus, dans le nord-est du Québec
Authors: Desroches Jean-François , Picard Isabelle
Published: January 2017

La Musaraigne fuligineuse (Sorex fumeus) figure sur la liste des espèces de la faune vertébrée susceptibles d’être désignées menacées ou vulnérables au Québec. Le 7 juin 1999, nous avons récolté un individu mort en bordure de la rivière Saint-Nicolas, à Godbout, dans la région de la Côte Nord. Cette observation constitue une extension de l’aire de répartition connue de l’espèce d’environ 200 km vers le nord-est.