bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Reform of the Course " Engineering Materials and Moulding Technology Foundation" in the Information Age
Authors: Yan Feng , Liu Yingyi , Liu Yu , Xie Zhiwen
Published: July 2022

The experimental processes of the course “Engineering Materials and Moulding Technology Foundation” are relatively complicated, and the teaching is difficult in the limited time. The simulation experiment and comprehensive experiment and other modern teaching means introduced, the multimedia teaching way used, examples about failure analysis and new materials developing joined, experiment examination way refored, these measures strengthen the cognitive teaching, and form " model cognition-simulation virtual-practice operation" with the combination of new experiment teaching methods, and students know how to apply theories in practice well.
Use of neural networks for dynamic interpretation of seismic data
Authors: Kaliyev D. T.
Published: July 2022

Neural networks and machine learning have long been used by almost everyone in their daily lives, perhaps not always consciously. When an algorithm of social networks identifies the faces of people in a photo or a voice assistant helps us search for some information, machine learning techniques underpin all of these activities.

In recent years neural networks are finding more and more applications in the fields of oil and gas exploration and production. This article aims to illustrate an example of the application of neural networks in the analysis of seismic data for an active oilfield by predicting 3D cube of petrophysical properties to further detail the geological model and search for additional hydrocarbon accumulations.

One of the key conditions for successful prediction of petrophysical properties using neural networks is a wide sample of well data for effective training of a non-linear operator. In our case, since it is a producing field, there were more than 100 wells available, which fully meets the requirements of the algorithm. Another important condition for application of this technique is having high-quality well ties for the used wells, this step of the workflow will also be described within the article.

A distinct feature of neural network analysis, in contrast to classical inversion, is that it does not use a seismic wavelet. The neural network automatically determines such an operator that best describes the correlation between several seismic traces in the wellbore area and the log curve. This feature reduces the analysis time and produces express results if the above mentioned conditions are met, which makes the neural network technique an effective tool for dynamic analysis of seismic data.
Central Data Monitoring in Clinical Trials
Authors:   Monitoring Platform of the Swiss Clinical Trial Organisation (SCTO)
Published: July 2022

Monitoring is an essential part of quality management in clinical trials. According to Good Clinical Practice (GCP) and the latest developments in the reg¬ulatory environment, risk¬-based ap-proaches in clinical trials are internationally encouraged, espe-cially for academic IICTs, such approaches are essential to use limited resources efficiently. These guidelines describe the risk¬-based monitoring procedures for clinical trials and help deter-mine the recommended risk category for a clinical trial.
Efektivitas Intervensi Bobath Pada Anak Dengan Cerebral Palsy: Artikel Reviu
Authors: Ibrahim Rayhan , Syafitri Putri
Published: July 2022

Saat ini di Indonesia banyak anak lahir dengan kebutuhan khusus seperti contoh Cerebral Palsy. Cerebral Palsy (CP) adalah salah satu penyakit kronis yang ditandai dengan gangguan postur dan gerak nonprogresif. Spatisitas menyebabkan gangguan postur tubuh, gerak kontrol, keseimbangan dan koordinasi sehingga akan mengganggu aktivitas fungsional anak dengan CP (deformitas). Anak dengan cerebral palsy harus diberikan penanganan dan terapi khusus salah satunya dengan metode bobath exercise. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif kualitatif dengan pengambilan materi berbasis literature review. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian bobath dapat meningkatkan fungsi motoric dan mengurangi spastisitas pada pasien cerebral palsy. Selain itu, pengaplikasian metode bobath terbukti dapat lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan pengobatan tradisional.

Kata Kunci : Intervensi Bobath, Cerebral Palsy.
O SANEAMENTO BÁSICO EM MATO GROSSO DO SUL: RELAÇÕES FRONTEIRIÇAS
Authors: Santos Regerson Franklin dos , Souza Adauto de Oliveira
Published: July 2022

RESUMO: A questão do Saneamento Básico em Mato Grosso do Sul tomou dimensões complexas com os avanços do Programa Estadual de Parceria Público-Privada – PROPPP/MS, materializado institucionalmente, através da Lei nº 4.303, de 20 de dezembro de 2012, e consolidado em 2020 com a Aegea Saneamento e Participações S. A., vencedora da licitação e apta a gerir o serviço de Esgotamento Sanitário nos 68 municípios de abrangência da Sanesul a partir de 2021. Concretizada a Parceria Público-Privada - PPP, cabe agora fiscalizar a prestação desse serviço prestado à sociedade sul-mato-grossense, especificamente nas zonas de fronteira com a Bolívia, o Paraguai e estados vizinhos (44 municípios). Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho apresenta algumas interrogações nodais oriundas de estudos bibliográficos e o levantamento documental acerca desse processo que somente ter-se-á respostas plausíveis com a sua execução, portanto, a médio-longo prazo dos 30 anos de contrato da PPP. A mercantilização de serviços essenciais não pode estar acima da dignidade e dos Direitos Humanos, da justiça social e da inclusão, desta forma, o Estado deve se responsabilizar - direta e indiretamente - pela universalização desse serviço àqueles que por ele não podem pagar.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Saneamento Básico; Parceria Público-Privada; Fronteira; Mato Grosso do Sul; Neoliberalismo.
COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF CLINICAL TRIALS IN PAKISTAN FROM SEPTEMBER 1992 TO FEBRUARY 2019
Authors: Siddique Amna , Zafar Amara , Irfan Tooba
Published: July 2022

Background: Clinical trials are conducted to evaluate interventions (drugs, medical devices, surgical methods and radiation treatment) for treating diseases or conditions. They may also be done to prevent the development or prevent recurrence or determining risk factors. We wanted to review the current status of clinical trials in Pakistan. Methods: On searching ClinicalTrials.gov, registered clinical trials conducted in Pakistan from September 1992 to February 2019 were reviewed. The analysis evaluated the characteristics of the clinical studies including the type of intervention, geographic distribution of studies, anticipated enrolment and number of participants, blinding, allocation status, lead sponsors, age group, study type, recruitment status, gender, study results, study phase, primary purpose and subject distribution. The results were tabulated with frequencies and percentages provided by category. Results: There were 508 registered clinical trials conducted in Pakistan from September 1992 to February 2019. Interventional clinical trials were conducted more often than observational trials (77.2% and 22.8% respectively), with drugs (41.4%) as the most common intervention. The majority of registered trials had participants ranging between 101-1000 (47.2%) with most having no blinding in their methodology (34.1%). Most of the trials conducted were randomized (66.5%) while few (5.3%) were non-randomized. Among the sponsor categories, 66.5% of the trials belong to the ‘Other’ (non-governmental, non-industry) category. Although 59.6% of the registered trials have been completed, most of them (91.3%) did not report their results. Treatment intervention trials in Internal Medicine were the most common primary purpose. An increasing trend in the frequency of clinical trials was also evident. Conclusion: The number of clinical trials in Pakistan showed an increasing trend over the time period studied, which may reflect on the general outlook of clinical research in the country. Most clinical trials were sponsored by universities, hospitals and non-profit organizations but less than 10% of studies reported results
EFFECTIVENESS AND SAFETY OF DIRECT ACTING ANTIVIRAL AGENTS IN THALASSAEMIC PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: Parkash Arit , Altaf Merchant Ayesha , Ahmed Syed Habib , Hussain Wajid , Hayat Muhammad Hayat , Memon Nadeem Ahmed
Published: July 2022

Background: Pakistan has the highest prevalence of Β-Thalassemia major in children and Chronic Hepatitis C (HCV) infection is a common transfusion transmitted infection. After the emergence of new generations of Antiviral drugs labelled as Direct Acting Antivirals (DAAs), substantial eradication of HCV has been reported as 90–95% with fewer side effects as compared to older regimen of Peginterferon with or without Ribavirin. The main objective of this study was to assess the Rapid virological response (RVR) at 4th week, End of treatment response (ETR) at 12th week and sustained viral response (SVR) at 24th week achieved by using direct acting antiviral and to assess their safety. Methods: Retrospective descriptive study was conducted from July 2018 to July 2020 at National Institute of Child Health. All β-thalassemia major paediatric patients with HCV infection and age between 3–14 years were included. Demographic data, liver function test, HCV PCR, and response of antiviral therapy was recorded and analyzed. Safety was determined by adverse effects reported in records and efficacy was documented by clearance of HCV-RNA to see ETR and SVR. Results: Total 21 patients were treated. Mean age was 7.67±3yr and 12 (57%) were male. Mean weight was 19.3±3.2kg. RVR and ETR was achieved in all (100%) and SVR was achieved in 20/21 (95%) patients. Headache in 2(9.5%) and generalized body ache was found in 1 (4.25%) patient. Conclusion: Combined Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir were found to be effective and safe for treating HCV in Thalassaemia Major Children.
ROLE OF METHYLPREDNISOLONE IN EARLY PREDICTED DIPHTHERIC CARDIOMYOPATHY IN CHILDREN: IS THIS A SOLUTION?
Authors: Rashid Usman , Nawaz Rashid , Sheikh Saifullah , Bajwa Fazal Ilahi , Fatima Zile
Published: July 2022

Background: Diphtheria remains an important cause of paediatric mortality in developing countries. The mortality rate is still ∼10% and has changed little over the past 20 years with particular reference to developed world. The objective of this study is to examine clinical spectrum of diphtheric cardiomyopathy and by using tools (serum markers, ECG, Echocardiography) to predict the cardiomyopathy and role of steroids in these predicted patients. Methods: For this cohort study, 67 patients having diphtheria presenting for the first time in a 3-year period were enrolled after obtaining informed verbal consent from the guardian of each child. Demographical profile, vaccination status, clinical spectrum, ECG interpretation and echocardiographic findings were recorded that predicted the occurrence of diphtheric cardiomyopathy and used intravenous methylprednisolone pulses in these predicted patients to look for their outcome regarding change in severity or the fate in the form of mortality. Results: Among the 67 enrolled children (M: F 2.3:1) with age ranging from 24 to 172 months (median 106 months), 56.7% subjects presented with diphtheria were non-vaccinated. 37.3% had a cardiac involvement in the form of diphtheria cardiomyopathy or arrhythmia.7.5% patient expired on follow up. Presence of septal paradoxes on echo had association with the cardiac involvement (OR 10.1: 95% CI 1.2-84.6; p=0.0005). IV methyl prednisolone was given in all 37.3% (n=25) patients predicted as diphtheric cardiomyopathy (Asymptomatic) and 88 %(n=22) had a favourable outcome with no morbidity and mortality. 12% (n=3) were expired and they presented with shock and VT as their first presentation (symptomatic). Conclusion: Early prediction by alone or in combination of ECG and echocardiographic markers and early use of IV methyl prednisolone in these predicted patients before symptoms, can reduce the mortality related to diphtheric cardiomyopathy and can decrease the burden of the disease in the community. Further randomized controlled trials with a larger sample size are required to unambiguously delineate the prognostic value of steroids in early predicted diphtheric cardiomyopathy.
مجالات التفسير لدى أهل البيت (عليهم السلام)
Authors: لفتة تحسين عبد الرحمن
Published: July 2022

المقال تناول موضوعاً ذا صلة بالتفسير المأثور عن أهل البيت عليهم السلام، وهو المجالات التي ولجها أهل البيت عند تفسيرهم القرآن. في البداية سردنا ما ورد عن بعض ممّن كتب في هذا الموضوع ثمّ أبدينا رأينا مع تحليل انتهى إلى تبرير مجالات التفسير التي اختارها أهل البيت. سعياً منا للكشف عن بعض جوانب التفسير الأثري الوارد عن أهل البيت.
المخاطر الجيومورفولوجية للمنحدرات الارضية في محافظة أربيل
Authors: حاج بازل يوسف سامي
Published: July 2022

تناولت الدراسة المخاطر الجيومورفولوجية للمنحدرات الارضية التي تتعرض لها محافظة أربيل والتي تقع في الجزء الشمالي الشرقي من العراق، إذ تحتل مساحة (14505كم2)، إذ ينكشف في منطقة البحث تكوينات جيولوجية تمتد أعمارها من العمر الترياسي إلى الميوسين فضلاً عن ترسبات عائدة إلى العصر الرباعي، تم التعرف من خلال الدراسة الى مقومات الجغرافية الطبيعية لمنطقة الدراسة والمتمثلة بالتكوينات الجيولوجية والمناخية والتربة والغطاء النباتي، كان للبيئة الجيولوجية وما يرتبط بها من تنوع صخري تأثير في تباين الاستجابة لعوامل التجوية والتعرية وأثرها في تكوين الأشكال الارضية، ظهر لنا أن المناخ والتربة والغطاء النباتي كان له دور في تشكيل المظاهر الارضية في منطقة الدراسة.
Eva Verena Müller: Between Science and Theatre
Authors: Tepe Peter
Published: July 2022

Eva Verena Müller is both actor and scientist. She is currently doing her doctorate on forest ecology. This interview traces her development and, in particular, the interfaces between science and art. The topic of scientific objectivity also comes up.
Impactos da mudança de escopo durante a execução: estudo de caso em uma usina metalúrgica
Authors: Etsuo Murasawa Daniel , Kodama Tatiana Kimura , Seido Nagano Marcelo
Published: July 2022

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto da mudança de escopo do projeto na fase de execução de uma reforma de um forno de uma usina recém-adquirida por um grupo comprador, através da identificação das causas das mudanças de escopo. A participação direta de um dos autores no processo de mudança de escopo do projeto na fase de execução da reforma permitiu a produção do relato técnico conforme protocolo de Rojo e Walter (2014) segundo o método de estudo de caso único em uma empresa do setor metalúrgico. Os dados foram coletados com a participação direta de um dos autores no processo estudado por meio de relatórios gerenciais, das cotações do fornecedor do serviço de reforma refratária, das ordens de compra e observações diretas no período de outubro de 2019 a março de 2020. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o custo total do projeto devido a retrabalhos, aumentou 162% do custo inicial pela não definição completa de requisitos para a determinação do escopo de serviço. Os resultados das análises do diagrama de Ishikawa para a determinação das principais causas do escopo inicial incompleto, apontam: a) ambiente - falta de acesso ao interior do forno, visita e avaliação sem planejamento; b) método - análise técnica superficial; c) pessoas – falha de comunicação com fornecedores; d) máquina – desenhos desatualizados; e) material – danos não detectados. O planejamento do projeto e a seleção do gerente de projetos foram considerados critérios críticos, além destes a gestão de passivos foram as lições aprendidas por meio do desenvolvimento desse estudo. Apesar de se tratar de um caso único específico de um ambiente metalúrgico, este estudo contribui com o aumento do número de estudos empíricos no campo acadêmico sobre mudança de escopo, recorrente em outras áreas em projetos e no campo prático/ empresarial fornece as lições aprendidas que podem ser consideradas em operações semelhantes, não se restringindo ao nicho de usinas metalúrgicas, pois se estende o mesmo princípio para projetos, cujo escopo envolve reformas de equipamentos.
O que fazer quando não há Product Owner? um estudo sobre a ausência desse papel
Authors: Dos Reis Lima Ana Paula , Amaral Daniel Capaldo
Published: July 2022

A abordagem de gerenciamento ágil de projetos inova ao estabelecer um conjunto de novas práticas de gestão, como planejamento iterativo, visão do produto e participação ativa do cliente no processo de desenvolvimento do projeto. A participação ativa do cliente é implementada por meio da figura do Product Owner. Porém, como proceder quando esse profissional não está presente ou não está comprometido? Como suas tarefas são distribuídas entre os membros da equipe? Essas tarefas são realmente feitas? Qual o impacto? Essa pesquisa analisa equipes que não contam com o papel específico de Product Owner. Para tal, empregou-se uma revisão das tarefas designadas pela literatura para esse papel e, a partir desses resultados, fez-se uma pesquisa do tipo estudo de caso em equipes que fazem uso das práticas do gerenciamento ágil sem a presença do Product Owner. O trabalho identificou que nos projetos com o Product Owner pouco atuante houve prejuízo maior que um projeto em que não havia este papel formalmente definido, sendo distribuído para outros profissionais. Os resultados apontam a proposição de que o Scrum Master poder ficar sobrecarregado quando o Product Owner não faz suas tarefas a contento. Por fim, apesar do entendimento da importância e necessidade desse papel, foi possível perceber que os projetos estudados tiveram sucesso para os clientes mesmo sem a presença Product Owner. Recomenda-se estudos futuros que possam generalizar estes resultados identificando a melhor forma de distribuir os papéis do Product Owner em situações de ausência.
ANALISIS KEJENUHAN PESERTA DIDIK DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA PADA MATERI PERPANGKATAN (BILANGAN BERPANGKAT, PERKALIAN DAN PEMBAGIAN PADA PERPANGKATAN) SECARA DARING
Authors: Putri Nabila Oktarina  , Nurkeke Fitriani Kudadiri  , Asril Ramadhan
Published: July 2022

Dalam interaksi pembelajaran di lingkungan sekolah para siswa tidak terlepasdari permasalahan yang ada dalam iklim sekolah dan secara teratur mampudimiliki oleh para siswa, salah satunya adalah kelelahan dalam belajar.Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemahaman kejenuhan peserta didikdalam pembelajaran matematika pada materi perpangkatan secara daring,dengan membandingkan pembelajaran yang dilakukan secara langsung.Kemudian pada penelitian ini kami ingin menguji kembali guna untukmemastikan siswa mampu mengingat rumus-rumus dari materi bilanganberpangkat. Metode yang kami gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif.Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini adalah wawancara dan tes.Intrument yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah Pre test dan Post test.
GESTÃO ESCOLAR: PERSPECTIVAS E FORMAS DE ATUAÇÃO
Authors: Santos Adelcio Machado dos , Twardowski Rita Marcia , Caetano Audete Alves dos Santos , Leffer Danielle Martins , Escher Alisson André
Published: July 2022

Atuar na gestão escolar é uma possiblidade para dinamizar propostas educacionais inovadoras e processos administrativos que correspondam às demandas apresentadas na realidade atual. O objetivo do estudo é identificar as perspectivas e formas de atuação dos profissionais na gestão escolar no Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, de revisão de bibliografia integrativa de literatura. Os resultados apresenta como desafio os processos formativos que buscam colaborar para o desenvolvimento de competências indispensáveis ao exercício da referida função, apesar da carga horária insuficiente. Para desenvolver o papel de gestor escolar é necessário equilibrar as atribuições pedagógicas e as administrativas. A gestãoparticipativa/democrática exige avanço na formação profissional e qualificação dos pedagogos para enfrentar os desafios do mundo contemporâneo. Concluímos que urgem medidas que possam contribuir para legitimar a participação do coletivo escolar em decisões relevantes para as instituições.
Between „the Real” and „the Ideal”: Criteria of the Comparative Thought
in Maurycy Mochnacki’s Crirical Writings
Authors: Krysowski Olaf
Published: July 2022

Maurycy Mochnacki’s comparative thought is to be seen in the context of pioneering refl ections
that constitute the modern, post-Kantian comparative approach. In order to evaluate Mochnacki’s
contribution, one cannot limit it to the opposition between national and foreign literatures, or what
is universal and classical versus what is regional and romantic. Mochnacki developed concepts
and methods that made it possible to analyze and understand romantic works without referring
to classical criteria and rules, which were successively repeated in normative poetics, but were
less and less relevant. His extensive, innovative comparative analyses of romantic works were very
original in the Polish context. He employed the concepts of „reality” and „ideality,” borrowed from
German philosophy, as the main criteria of comparative readings.
La Percepción sobre la Equivalencia Terapéutica en los Químicos Farmacéuticos en Chile: Un diagnóstico y propuestas para avanzar hacia la intercambiabilidad
Authors: Cárdenas Tomazic José Luis , Cienfuegos Silva Jorge , Pino León Constanza
Published: July 2022

Los medicamentos juegan un rol fundamental en la prevención, diagnóstico, atenuación, tratamiento o curación de las enfermedades o sus síntomas en todo sistema de salud. Una de las barreras de acceso a los medicamentos es el precio, donde la bioequivalencia y a su vez la intercambiabilidad son herramientas que aportan a un mercado competitivo. Por medio de una encuesta realizada a profesionales dispensadores se pudo identificar la percepción con respecto a la bioequivalencia y a la Autoridad Sanitaria Nacional, encontrándose inconsistencias en algunos aspectos, sin embargo primando una buena percepción frente a la intercambiabilidad. Nuestro país está en vías de ser un sistema maduro en términos de bioequivalencia y poder proyectarse hacia la intercambiabilidad, sin embargo se requieren esfuerzos en consolidar conceptos en los profesionales prescriptores, dispensadores y ciudadanía, junto con un seguimiento de esta política pública. En dicha línea se propone continuar con el instrumento planteado en una cohorte, e idealmente en otras latitudes latinoamericanas, para comprender fenómenos intrínsecos más complejos como lo son la percepción y otras dinámicas sociales.
Balanced Co-Existence of ‘de Jure and de Facto Independence’ in the Public Service Broadcasting Sector
Authors: Sharma Apurva-Kirti
Published: July 2022

With directives to deliver impartial news, current affairs and programmes, the social responsibility of media, mainly public service broadcasters (PSBs), is viewed as providing resources for serving democracy and full citizenship. Through these resources, public service broadcasting (PSB) builds the trust of the public in its public service values. However, the continuance of this public trust requires evidence of independence and adherence to institutional norms beyond the reach of vested interests — corporate and party political. This paper1 aims to investigate critical challenges facing the independence of PSBs to uncover the significance of balanced co-existence of two aspects of independence — de jure and de facto — in the PSB sector. The main argument of the paper is that the disparity between the two elements of independence is widening due to vested interests. And narrowing of such gaps is vital for PSBs to serve the public interest.
Vehicle Detection from Unmanned Aerial Images with Deep Mask R-CNN
Authors:   Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Turkey, Yayla Rıdvan , Albayrak Emir ,   Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Turkey, Yüzgeç Uğur ,   Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Turkey
Published: July 2022

In this paper, a classification approach which is applied to Mask Region-based Convolutional Neural Network as deeper is proposed for vehicle detection on the images from UAV instead of the familiar methods. The different types of unmanned aerial vehicles are widely used for a lot of areas such as agricultural spraying, advertisement shooting, fire extinguishing, transportation and surveillance, exploration, destruction for the military. In recent years, deep learning techniques are progressively developed for object detection. Segmentation algorithms based on CNN architecture are especially widely used for extracting meaningful parts of an image. Additionally, Mask R-CNN based on CNN architecture rapidly detects the object with high-accuracy on an image. This study shows that the high-accuracy results are obtained when the Mask R-CNN is applied as deeper in vehicle detection on the images taken by UAV.
Identities and generalized derivatives of quasigroups
Authors:   Moldova State University, Horosh Grigorii , Malyutina Nadeghda ,   Moldova State University, Scerbacova Alexandra ,   Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Russian Federation, Shcherbacov Victor ,   Vladimir Andrunachievici Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, Republic of Moldova
Published: July 2022

We associate a partial (autostrophical) identity with every generalized derivative. We research when a quasigroup that satisfies an autostrophic identity has a unit (left or/and right or/and middle).
Assessment of Hotel Guest Satisfaction Using Sentiment Analysis: A Case Study of Maldives Hotels
Authors:   School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford Manchester, United Kingdom, Shehu Hauwa’u Uraifa , Kana A.F. Donfack ,   Department of Computer Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Sulaiman Fatima ,   Department of Computer Science Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria.
Published: July 2022

Nowadays online reviews by hotel customers greatly influence business as potential new consumers seek unbiased information while making their hotel booking decisions. Hotel management and marketers are more aware of the impact of online reviews on financial performance. This awareness arises from the universal consensus that internet consumer reviews have a significant impact on hotel business performance. Customers use social media to share information about products and services, and online reviews have a substantial influence on customer purchasing decisions. The goal of this study is to provide formative assessment feedback on Maldives hotels using word cloud technique. This include investigating the hotel that is mostly used by guests, finding out the percentage of positive and negative comments made about the hotel, and also assessing the type of comments the majority of customers give about the services rendered to them. Data from 104 distinct Maldives hotels were utilized in this case study to provide quick visual insight using a word cloud approach with R programming language. The result shows that, more than 80% of the comments are positive, implying that the vast majority of these hotels' customers are pleased with their accommodations and services.
Using Parametric Test to determine the Significance of Banded patterns in N-dimensional 0-1 dataset
Authors:   Department of Computer Science Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria., Abdullahi Fatimah Binta
Published: July 2022

Background: The identification of banded patterns in N-dimensional (ND) 0-1 dataset is one where all the elements in the dimensions are arranged such that the one’s entries are ordered about the center of dimensions. Reordering 0-1 datasets in order to determine banded patterns in data, allows for the identification of interesting pattern that are hidden in the data. The challenge is whether or not the identify banded patterns are significant. Previous work on the significance of banded patterns using parametric test was aimed at 2D and 3D banding algorithms, using a single banding algorithm in each case, which meant no work on the significance of banded patterns using different banding algorithms with different dimensions. Aim: To this end, this paper presents a comparison between ND banding algorithms for 2D and 3D. Method: The approach is to use parametric test on synthetic data, UCI and the real datasets taken from the cattle tracing system (CTS). The ND banding algorithms considered for 2D are:2D banding, barycentric (BC) and 2D sort, and for 3D are: exact-Euclidean, exact-Manhattan variations and the approximate. Results: The experimental results presented shows the significance of banded patterns with p value less than 0.05. However, the post-hoc test result shows a statistically significant difference between 2D banding and BC, 2D banding and 2D sort, exact-Euclidean and exact-Manhattan, exact-Euclidean and the approximate but no significant difference between BC and 2D sort as well as exact-Manhattan and the approximate.
Why are the First-Line Therapies Used as Injections Discontinued in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis?
Authors: ŞEN Sedat , TERZİ Murat
Published: July 2022

Objective: Immunomodulatory therapies (IMTs) are used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) considering their efficacy and safety. Although other effective treatments have been used in recent years, the use of IMTs still continues. In this study, we aimed to reveal the reasons for the discontinuation of IMTs used as injections.
Method: IMTs data of 1464 patients were collected and analysed from the Imed database, where 20-year data of the patients were entered by us. Groups were divided as; Interferon beta-1a subcutaneous (IFN-β1a SC), Interferon beta-1a intramuscular (IFN-β1a IM), glatiramer acetate (GA) and Interferon beta-1b (IFN-β1b). Age, gender, duration of illness, types of disease onset, time to start the injection, duration of injection therapy, and reason for discontinuation of patients were analysed.
Results: The most common reason for discontinuation of treatments was found to be disease progression (20.13%, 28.14%, 19.64%, 23.87%). Side effects, increased attack frequency, patient demand, disease activity detection in imaging methods, and pregnancy planning followed the disease progression respectively.
Conclusion: IMTs as an injection form are used in the treatment of MS, considering their effectiveness and reliability. The most common reason for discontinuing treatment is disease progression.
Effect of Line-Heating on the Microstructural and Mechanical Characteristics of 320-MPa-Grade High-Strength Hull Plates
Authors: Jeong Seonghoon , Hong Seunglae , Seo JunSeok , Choi Woohyuk
Published: July 2022

This study examined the effect of the line-heating process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 320-MPa-grade high-strength steel designed for low-temperature applications. The samples were heated thrice to the maximum temperature condition of 900 ℃ prior to air cooling or water quenching. Tensile strength and Charpy impact toughness tests were performed to understand the variation in the mechanical characteristics across the thermal histories. The decrease in the tensile strength of the air-cooled specimen was attributed to grain growth and phase transformation caused by slow cooling, while the water quenched specimen exhibited grain refinement. The experimental results indicated that the line-heating process was suitable because all the specimens with various thermal histories satisfied the international classification standard.
Recorregut de recerca geològica i mineralògica per la comarca de la Cerdanya: de d'Alp cap a Pi i cap a l'Estany de la Pera
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria
Published: July 2022

Aquest recorregut va ser experimentat amb docents el dia 19 de juliol de 2008. En aquesta ocasió, el recorregut de l’itinerari discorrerà, en la seva totalitat pel Sistema Pirinenc; i més concretament ho farà per tres sectors diferenciats: per una banda per l’extrem septentrional del Mantell del Cadí, (prop del seu contacte amb la Depressió de la Cerdanya); per d’altra, a través d’aquesta depressió acabada d’esmentar; i finalment, a través de dels denominats Apilaments Antiforms de la Zona Axial Pirenaica. Així, el recorregut s’iniciarà dintre de la Depressió de la Cerdanya, per la qual es transitarà entre les poblacions d’Alp i Martinet. Per d’altra banda, bona part del recorregut es realitzarà pels Apilaments Antiforms de la Zona Axial Pirenaica, especialment per les aturades situades prop de Meranges, Cortàs i Talltendre; així com el recorregut que s’efectuarà entre Lles i l’Estany de la Pera, el final de l’itinerari. Per d’altra banda, el recorregut de l’itinerari discorrerà íntegrament per la comarca de la Cerdanya, concretament per la denominada Baixa Cerdanya (entre Alp i la fi del recorregut).
Epistemic Styles
Authors: Flores Carolina ,   University of Arkansas Press
Published: July 2022

Epistemic agents interact with evidence in different ways. This can cause trouble for mutual understanding and for our ability to rationally engage with others. Indeed, it can compromise democratic practices of deliberation. This paper explains these differences by appeal to a new notion: epistemic styles. Epistemic styles are ways of interacting with evidence that express unified sets of epistemic values, preferences, goals, and interests. The paper introduces the notion of epistemic styles and develops a systematic account of their nature. It then discusses the implications of epistemic styles for central questions in epistemology, in particular, for issues surrounding rational engagement and for the debate between virtue epistemologists and epistemic situationists.
Can Trust Work Epistemic Magic?
Authors: Fricker Elizabeth ,   University of Arkansas Press
Published: July 2022

I develop a thin account of trust as trust-based reliance on an occasion. I argue that this thin notion describes the trust a recipient of testimony has in a speaker when she forms belief on his say-so. This basis for trusting belief in what one is told is also available to those who overhear and correctly understand the teller’s speech act. I contrast my account of trusting testimonial uptake with an alternative account that invokes a thicker notion: reciprocal trust. This involves mutual awareness of their trusting relation between truster and trustee, and so is not available to mere overhearers of an utterance. Reciprocal trust involves norms to be trusting, and to be trustworthy. I explore how these second-personal norms make visible the possibility of an epistemology of testimony that includes second-personal reasons to trust a speaker’s testimony, ones that hold only for the addressee. Crucially, if the account of trust is a non-doxastic one—that is to say, trust does not analytically entail belief in trustworthiness—then this possibility arises without prior rejection of a core canon of mainstream epistemology: that only evidence can serve as grounds for belief. We find that non-doxastic testimonial trust has the potential to work epistemic magic: to enable one to reach justified beliefs that are not reachable except via second-personal trust in what one is told. But this result obtains only if trust is not only analytically possible without belief in trustworthiness, but can be justified by norms of trust when the latter would not be. My own account rejects this thesis, at least in the case of trusting a speaker as regards her utterance. But my analysis makes sense of the idea of second-personal reasons for testimonial belief, as posited by so-called ‘assurance theorists’ of testimony, and allows that debate to proceed further.
What Is Social Epistemic Dependence?
Authors: Greco John ,   University of Arkansas Press
Published: July 2022

A central theme in social epistemology is that there are important and underappreciated phenomena involving social epistemic dependence—that is, epistemic dependence on other persons and on features of the broader social environment. Epistemologies that are inconsistent with this kind of dependence are labeled “individualist” and epistemologies that accommodate it are labeled “anti-individualist.” But how should the relevant notion of social epistemic dependence be understood? One important criterion for an adequate account is that it plausibly sorts epistemologies into the “individualist” and “anti-individualist” categories. For example, standard reductionism about testimonial justification and knowledge should count as individualist, and many trust theories should count as anti-individualist. This paper argues that several accounts of social epistemic dependence in the literature fail to pass this simple sorting test. An alternative account that does is proposed.
Enriched Perceptual Content and the Limits of Foundationalism
Authors: Lord Errol ,   University of Arkansas Press
Published: July 2022

This paper is about the epistemology of perceptual experiences that have enriched high-level content. Enriched high-level content is content about features other than shape, color, and spatial relations that has a particular etiology. Its etiology runs through states of the agent that process other perceptual content and output sensory content about high-level features. My main contention is that the justification provided by such experiences (for claims about the high-level content) is not foundational justification. This is because the justification provided by such experiences is epistemically dependent on having justification to believe certain claims about the content relevant for enrichment—claims about what I call the corresponding features.
Hybrid Impermissivism and the Diachronic Coordination Problem
Authors: Tokhadze Tamaz ,   University of Arkansas Press
Published: July 2022

Uniqueness is the view that a body of evidence justifies a unique doxastic attitude toward any given proposition. Contemporary defenses and criticisms of Uniqueness are generally indifferent to whether we formulate the view in terms of the coarse-grained attitude of belief or the fine-grained attitude of credence. This paper articulates and discusses a hybrid view I call Hybrid Impermissivism that endorses Uniqueness about belief but rejects Uniqueness about credence. While Hybrid Impermissivism is an attractive position in several respects, I show that it faces a special problem, the diachronic coordination problem, which has to do with coordinating an agent’s beliefs and credences over time. I argue that the problem is fatal for Hybrid Impermissivism. I also formulate a logically weaker version of Hybrid Impermissivism which avoids the diachronic coordination problem, but under substantive assumptions about rational credence.
Making Exceptions
Authors: Wright Crispin ,   University of Arkansas Press
Published: July 2022

Anti-exceptionalism about logic, in its original Quinean incarnation, may be summarized as the thesis that logic is, in effect, simply a deeply entrenched part of empirical-scientific theory. It may thus be taken to involve two principal, distinguishable claims: First, Corroboration—that the epistemic good standing of logical principles is properly earned in the same way as the confirmation of all empirical scientific laws. We are justified in accepting such principles by, and only by, their participation in ongoing successful empirical-scientific theory. Second, Rejection—that, as with empirical-scientific hypotheses, logical principles are one and all in principle open to rational rejection or revision on purely empirical grounds if the system in which they are participant runs into “recalcitrant experience” and such an adjustment promises to smooth out the wrinkles. It is argued that neither claim can be sustained in full generality.
Programmed Death Ligand-1 Combined Positive Score Concordance and Interrater Reliability in Primary Tumors and Synchronous Lymph Node Metastases in Resected Cases of p16+ Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Kaur Amandeep , Kuchta Kristine , Watkin William , Sullivan Megan , Liu Lin , Jamshidi Pouya , Campbell Nick , Brockstein Bruce , Paintal Ajit
Published: July 2022

Context.—

Pembrolizumab is used in patients with metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma contingent upon the programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) combined positive score (CPS).

Objective.—

To compare PD-L1 CPS scores derived from paired resected primary tumors (PTs) and lymph node metastases (LMs) in patients with p16+ oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC).

Design.—

We identified 38 resected p16+ OPSCCs for which paired PTs and LMs were available. PD-L1 immunohistochemistry using the SP263 antibody clone was done on both the PT and the LM. CPS scoring was performed by 4 observers, and data were analyzed at the CPS cut points of greater than or equal to 1 and 20 in regard to interobserver and interspecimen agreement.

Results.—

Overall agreement between consensus CPS scoring of PT and LM was seen in 76% of paired specimens (κ = 0.53). No specimen received a negative consensus score. Interobserver agreement for both PT and LM was fair to substantial (κ = 0.54 and 0.51, respectively) and was inferior to that seen in a prospective series of unselected head and neck squamous carcinoma cases evaluated at our institution (κ = 0.84).

Conclusions.—

Given the high rates of interobserver and interspecimen variability, evaluation of additional material or by additional observers may be of value in performing CPS scoring in cases of p16+ OPSCC. This is particularly the case when a negative or low-positive result is being evaluated in a patient who is otherwise a good candidate for immunotherapy.
Salivary Gland–Type Carcinomas of the Breast: A Review and Update With Emphasis on Molecular Advances and Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Pesoli Christine , Youssef Mariam , Wei Shi
Published: July 2022

Context.—

Primary breast carcinomas constitute a divergent group of neoplasms. The classification of breast tumors has been evolving. Recent advances in molecular genetic techniques have enhanced our understanding of these diseases. Integration of state-of-the-art knowledge from research and practice has resulted in the recognition of novel entities as primary carcinomas of the breast with therapeutic and prognostic significance.

Objective.—

To provide an overview of current concepts in the classification and diagnosis of selective salivary-type carcinomas of the breast, focusing on their salient histologic and immunophenotypic characteristics and recent molecular genetic advancements.

Data Sources.—

Data were obtained from review of pertinent English-language literature and firsthand experience of the authors as practicing breast pathologists.

Conclusions.—

The cutting-edge knowledge has led us to further understand a growing number of uncommon types of breast carcinoma that demonstrate morphologic and immunophenotypic resemblance to those more frequently encountered in other organ systems, particularly salivary glands. Some of them also harbor identical molecular genetic alterations to those in their salivary gland counterparts. Yet they typically have diverse prognostic outcomes, thus warranting different clinical management. Accurate diagnosis of these tumors necessitates recognition of salient histologic features and judicious assessment of ancillary studies in the pursuit of precision medicine.
Terminologia especializada para a prática de enfermagem na promoção da saúde do adolescente
Authors: Ometto Heloísa Silva , Rocha Jéssica , Melo Josiane , Buchhorn Soraia
Published: July 2022

Objetivo: elaborar uma terminologia padronizada da Classificação Internacional para a Prática da Enfermagem (CIPE®) utilizada para o exercício da enfermagem na promoção da saúde do adolescente na Atenção Primária deSaúde. Método: estudo descritivo, quantitativo, com uso da técnica de mapeamento cruzado entre registros de enfermagem e a CIPE®. Os dados foram coletados de registros de atendimento feitos por enfermeiros, realizados entre 2018 e 2021. Resultado: extraiu-se 285, sendo que após normalização, 207 foram analisados. Destes, 147 são constantes na Classificação e 60 não constantes. Na validação dos termos não constantes, 56 alcançaram o índice de concordância ≥ 0,80 entre os participantes. Os principais eixos foram Foco e Ação. Conclusão: elaborou-se uma terminologia especializada para esse grupo, o que contribui no aperfeiçoamento e registro da prática profissional do enfermeiro. Identificou-se, que a CIPE® atende, majoritariamente, as necessidades de registro de atendimento a esta população.
Expediente
Authors: Wedekin Luana M.
Published: July 2022

Expediente da Revista Palíndromo vol. 14 n. 33 maio-agosto de 2022
Editorial
Authors: Telles Patrícia Delayti
Published: July 2022

Editorial da Revista Palíndromo Volume 14, número 33, mai. – ago. 2022
O detalhe fora da vista: as torres da Catedral de Ruão
Authors: Gonçalves Carla Alexandra
Published: July 2022

O detalhe pode assumir várias dimensões, entre o pormenor, uma parte num todo, um fragmento, elemento mínimo, marginal, liminar, passando pelo carácter de elemento autónomo, simbólico, significante, dispositivo modificador, até de um acaso, ou insignificância ou, pelo contrário, de um exagero formal. O nome detalhe reveste-se de uma extraordinária polissemia, aplicando-se a um vasto conjunto de situações, pelo que os detalhes, no contexto da história da arte e da estética, não serão todos iguais, no que cumpre ao discurso, intenção, significação e carácter, não surgirão pelos mesmos motivos, não possuem a mesma força expressiva, nem devem ler-se segundo modelos de interpretação generalistas. A compleição do detalhe dificulta a objectividade e a fluidez da análise, e, sobretudo, a construção de narrativas limpas e acabadas. Estudar o detalhe pode, por tudo, constituir-se como uma tarefa que origina discursos fragmentários.
Depois de uma introdução teórica ao detalhe, na espessura das suas dimensões, traz-se à colação o caso das encomendas das três torres da Catedral de Ruão (Normandia, França): a torre de Saint-Romain, a torre da Manteiga, e a idealização do pináculo sobre a torre do cruzeiro. Estas edificações foram criticadas pela encomenda devido ao detalhe excessivo e ao talhe demorado e minucioso da pedra para obras fora da vista. O último trabalho, tido como o apogeu do detalhe, não chegaria a edificar-se.
A questão por resolver relaciona-se com os justos motivos que levaram às duras críticas dos comitentes e com a resistência empreendida pelos artistas, defendendo o detalhe mesmo perigando os seus trabalhos.
O Detalhe na Miniatura
Authors: Lemoine-Bouchard Nathalie
Published: July 2022

A miniatura, filha da iluminura, que se tornou independente da indústria do livro, foi, desde o seu nascimento na Flandres no início do século XV, uma arte ambígua cujos praticantes, para passarem pelas malhas da fiscalização e das guildas profissionais, brincou com os detalhes e procurou que sua especificidade fosse reconhecida. Uma vez inseridas nas comunidades de pintores, procuravam valorizar as suas obras de acordo com vários critérios, que incluíam desde o requinte de execução, mas também o grau de acabamento. Assim, desde a sua gênese até à sua prática, a miniatura tem sido “intrinsecamente” a arte de jogar nos detalhes.
O detalhe como dispositivo temporal do restauro arquitetónico em Portugal no século XIX: o caso do comboio no convento da Madre de Deus em Lisboa
Authors: Rodrigues Paulo Simões
Published: July 2022

Em Lisboa, no século XIX, durante a campanha de restauro do Convento da Madre de Deus, edifício fundado no século XVI, no capitel de uma das colunas de um dos claustros, foi esculpido um comboio a vapor, a entrar num túnel. Pretendemos demonstrar que não se tratou de um equívoco, mas da figuração de um detalhe explicitamente moderno que funcionasse como dispositivo temporal que distinguisse as alterações introduzidas pelo restauro das pré-existências, em linha com o restauro filológico de Camillo Boito, mesmo quando as primeiras recriavam o estilo arquitetónico original do edifício, em conformidade com os princípios do restauro estilístico de Eugène-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc. Num restauro ainda dominado pela doutrina de Viollet-le-Duc, representará um primeiro impacte da receção das ideias de Boito em Portugal.