bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Equine alveolar macrophages and monocyte-derived macrophages respond differently to an inflammatory stimulus
Authors: Kang Heng , Lee Gary Kwok Cheong , Bienzle Dorothee , Arroyo Luis G. , Sears William , Lillie Brandon N. , Beeler-Marfisi Janet
Published: March 2023

Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are the predominant innate immune cell in the distal respiratory tract. During inflammatory responses, AMs may be supplemented by blood monocytes, which differentiate into monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). Macrophages play important roles in a variety of common equine lower airway diseases, including severe equine asthma (SEA). In an experimental model, an inhaled mixture of Aspergillus fumigatus spores, lipopolysaccharide, and silica microspheres (FLS), induced SEA exacerbation in susceptible horses. However, whether equine AMs and MDMs have differing immunophenotypes and cytokine responses to FLS stimulation is unknown. To address these questions, alveolar macrophages/monocytes (AMMs) were isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and MDMs derived from blood of six healthy horses. Separately, AMMs and MDMs were cultured with and without FLS for six hours after which cell surface marker expression and cytokine production were analyzed by flow cytometry and a bead-based multiplex assay, respectively. Results showed that regardless of exposure conditions, AMMs had significantly higher surface expression of CD163 and CD206 than MDMs. Incubation with FLS induced secretion of IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α and IFN-γ in AMMs, and IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α in MDMs. These results suggest that AMMs have a greater proinflammatory response to in vitro FLS stimulation than MDMs, inferring differing roles in equine lung inflammation. Variability in recruitment and function of monocyte-macrophage populations warrant more detailed in vivo investigation in both homeostatic and diseased states.
Health-related quality of life of daily-life-affected benign essential blepharospasm: Multi-center observational study
Authors: Hirunwiwatkul Parima , Supawatjariyakul Wajamon , Jariyakosol Supharat , Apinyawasisuk Supanut , Sriratanaban Jiruth , Chongpison Yuda , Jagota Priya , Aui-aree Nipat , Witthayaweerasak Juthamat , Setthawatcharawanich Suwanna , Kitthaweesin Kitthisak , Chirapapaisan Niphon , Chaimongkoltrakul Piyawadee , Laowanapiban Poramaet , Hansapinyo Linda , Panpitpat Suthida , Kurathong Sireedhorn , Nimworaphan Jirat , Thitiwichienlert Suntaree , Vanikieti Kavin , Samipak Narong , Srimanan Worapot , Mekhasingharak Nattapong , Chaitanuwong Pareena
Published: March 2023

Purpose

To compare Thais’ health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and severity grading, efficacy and safety in daily-life-affected benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) patients at baseline and after Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) treatment.

Design

Prospective-observational study.

Participants

BEB patients with Jankovic rating scale (JRS) at least 3 in both severity and frequency graded from 14 institutes nationwide were included from August 2020 to June 2021.

Methods

Demographic data, HRQOL evaluated by the Thai version of EQ-5D-5L and NEI-VFQ-25 questionnaires, and severity grading score evaluated by Jankovic rating scale (JRS) at baseline, 1, and 3 months after the treatment were collected. The impact of the BTX-A injections and their complications were recorded.

Results

184 daily-life-affected BEB patients were enrolled; 159 patients (86.4%) had complete data with a mean age of 61.40±10.09 years. About 88.05% were female, and 10.1% were newly diagnosed. Most of the patients had bilateral involvement (96.9%) and 12.6% had history of BEB-related accident. After BTX-A treatment, HRQOL improved significantly in 4 dimensions of EQ-5D-5L, except self-care. The EQ_VAS (mean±SD) was 64.54±19.27, 75.13±15.37, 73.8±15.85 (p<0.001) and EQ-5D-5L utility score was 0.748±0.23, 0.824±0.19 and 0.807±0.19 at baseline, 1, 3 months after treatment, respectively. From NEI-VFQ-25, HRQOL also improved in all dimensions, except eye pain. The JRS improved in all patients. Self-reported minor adverse events were 22.6%, which mostly resolved within the first month.

Conclusion

Daily-life-affected BEB impacted HRQOL in most dimensions from both generic and visual-specific questionnaires. BTX-A treatment not only decreased disease severity, but also improved quality of life.
Introduction to Studies on Plato’s Lysis
Authors: Szaif Jan , Jennings David
Published: March 2023

Plato’s Lysis shows Socrates in conversation with two boys he has met at a wrestling school, Lysis and Menexenus. Their debate revolves around the notion of philia, seeking to pin down the nature of this relation, who or what takes part in it, and what causes it. The word philiahas usually been translated as “friendship” but has a wider application in this dialogue, as it encompasses a variety of friendly and loving attitudes toward both people and things. The kinds of interpersonal philia evoked include erotic attachments, kinship relations, utility-based relations, and playful companionship. Roughly two-thirds into the dialogue, the focus turns to a more general theory of desiderative attachments and the question of their ultimate telos and cause. The conversation ends, at least on the face of it, in an impasse, an aporia, when the interlocutors find themselves thrown back to the point from where they started, and no attempt to answer the question of what philia is or what motivates it has stuck. The Lysis nevertheless offers many incentives for further discussion and has elicited radically different responses from its interpreters as to what its real message is. For instance, does it promote a form of utilitarian egoism according to which human attachment can never, or should never, be altruistically motivated? Or does it hint at a very different concept of interpersonal love based on the idea that friendship, as it were, completes us since it connects us with those that share the same values? Does this dialogue stay within the familiar ambit of Socratic ethics, centered around the question of what it takes to achieve happiness (eudaimonia) in a human life, without a concern for metaphysical questions? Or, quite the contrary, does its discussion of the highest object of love (to proton philon) point forward to the metaphysical program of Plato’s so-called middle-period dialogues and especially to the notions of the form of the good or the form of the beautiful, notions which are at the center of the Republic and the Symposium? These questions and others will continue to be debated about this puzzling dialogue. The essays assembled in the present volume address many of these topics.
¿Palabras vanas? Nobleza y conflictos de honor en Valencia durante el reinado de Martín I (1396-1410)
Authors: Galan Campos Luis
Published: March 2023

El honor era un elemento central de la cultura de la nobleza europea de la baja edad media, ya que en él se apoyaba en buena medida su discurso como clase dirigente y porqué daba forma a las relaciones que mantenían entre ellos y con el resto de los elementos de la sociedad. La necesidad de salvaguardar el honor era uno de los motores de los conflictos de la nobleza, puesto que no solo se convertía en algo que los enemigos buscaban destruir en las guerras privadas, sino que incluso marcaba la vía para resolver las disputas: por las armas. En este artículo exploraremos el papel que tenía la defensa del honor en los conflictos de la nobleza valenciana entre finales del siglo XIV y principios del siglo XV. Un periodo marcado por la lucha de los bandos entre las familias de los Centelles y de los Vilaragut y de los Soler, la cual tuvo una marcada importancia en la evolución del reino de Valencia y la Corona de Aragón, puesto que fue determinante para la explicar la llegada al trono de los Trastámara en 1412. Primero, definiremos en qué consistía el honor para la nobleza valenciana de finales del siglo XIV, el cual coincidía con los ideales de la caballería. En segundo lugar, analizaremos las diferentes maneras de vulnerar el honor, desde palabras injuriantes y desafíos públicos hasta gestos simbólicos. En tercer lugar, examinaremos las formas de conducir los conflictos de honor, principalmente por la vía del combate singular, pero también el papel que jugaron los bandos en la resolución de estas desavenencias y el peso que tuvieron los conflictos de honor en las guerras privadas de las élites políticas de la ciudad y del reino de Valencia. Por último, investigaremos la actuación de la monarquía aragonesa en los conflictos de honor. La administración real potenció las ceremonias y duelos caballerescos para evitar las manifestaciones más violentas de la guerra privada dado que, aunque no era la única causa de la guerra privada, las exigencias del honor eran determinantes para la forma y el desarrollo de los conflictos nobiliarios.
Encarcelamiento y violencias en un dominio feudal a la luz de los registros de la Baronía de Llagostera (s. XIV)
Authors: Fava Lluis Sales
Published: March 2023

El artículo analiza el papel que jugó la cárcel como herramienta de un dominio señorial a mediados del siglo XIV. Para ello, se introduce un estudio de caso, el de la Baronía de Llagostera, en el noreste de Cataluña. El estudio deriva del vaciado de la documentación de tipo contencioso producida por el señorío, conservada de forma abundante para este período. Dado el desconocimiento general sobre las posibilidades historiográficas que ofrece este tipo de fuentes, se introducen las principales tipologías documentales que permiten observar el fenómeno del encarcelamiento y la reclusión. Posteriormente, se presenta la institución –la cárcel– dando a conocer que el arrendatario del servicio, en pequeños estados señoriales, ofrecía su propio domicilio como lugar de reclusión. A partir de una muestra de 162 encarcelamientos documentados y una colección de incidentes de tipo violento, se avanza posteriormente analizando los motivos por los cuales la corte jurisdiccional tomaba la decisión de enviar a alguien al presidio. Así, se detectan varias razones principales: las ofensas contra la jurisdicción del señor, los robos e invasiones, las agresiones y homicidios, las deudas. A partir de un análisis de la casuística y también de material normativo, se reconoce que las funciones de la cárcel fueron esencialmente preventivas, para retener al reo de forma temporal; también, como herramienta para forzarle a negociar un acuerdo con la víctima, el denunciante o la propia corte jurisdiccional. Finalmente, se aborda el excarcelamiento, describiendo la figura conocida como manlleuta, por la cual un familiar o amigo del reo, actuando como valedor, lo liberaba de la cárcel comprometiéndose a su buen comportamiento y, sobretodo, a su retorno a la corte cuando fuese requerido para estar presente en las posteriores fases del pleito.
Effect of waste mango silage on the in vitro gas production, in situ digestibility, intake, apparent digestibility, and ruminal characteristics in calf diets
Authors: Cañaveral-Martínez Ulises Remo , Sánchez-Santillán Paulino , Torres-Salado Nicolás , Hernández-Sánchez David , Herrera-Pérez Jerónimo , Ayala-Monter Marco Antonio
Published: March 2023

Background and Aim: Mexico is the fifth largest producer of mangoes in the world. For the conservation of agro-industrial waste and crop residues, the ensiling technique has shown good results. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of increasing the level of mango silage (86% waste mango and 14% pangola grass hay) in calf diets on in vitro gas production, in situ digestibility, intake, apparent digestibility, and ruminal characteristics.

Materials and Methods: The diets contained 0 (T0), 30 (T1), 45 (T2), and 60% (T3) mango silage. The partial (24, 48, and 72 h) and cumulative (72 h) biogas, CH4 production, and degradation were determined in the in vitro evaluation. In situ digestibility and estimators of fermentation kinetics of dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) were determined. Intake, apparent nutrient digestibility, and rumen parameters of calves (200 kg) were evaluated in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Response to increased mango silage was calculated by linear and quadratic orthogonal contrasts.

Results: In vitro partial and cumulative biogas production decreased linearly (p < 0.05), and the partial and cumulative CH4 production did not show linear or quadratic contrast (p > 0.05); in vitro DM degradation, in vitro neutral detergent fiber degradation, and in vitro acid detergent fiber degradation showed a linear increase (p < 0.05). In situ dry matter digestibility (DMDis), in situ organic matter digestibility (OMDis), b, a + b, c, and effective digestibility (ED) of DMDis, a, a + b, c, and ED of OMDis increased linearly (p < 0.05). Dry matter intake, OM intake, and crude protein intake showed a linear increase (p < 0.05); NDF intake and ADF intake presented a quadratic behavior (p < 0.05). Apparent digestibility of DM, OM, CP, and hemicellulose, pH, N-NH3, total bacterial count, acetate, propionate, butyrate, volatile fatty acids, acetate: propionate ratio, cellulolytic bacteria, and protozoa did not present a linear or quadratic orthogonal effect (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: The in vitro, in situ, and in vivo variables demonstrated that up to 60% mango silage can be used for the intensive fattening of calves in confinement.

Keywords: alternative feed, alternative feeding, cattle, silage, tropics.
An Unusual Cause of GI Blood Loss
Authors: Travers Paul , Pang Maoyin
Published: March 2023

Chronic gastrointestinal bleeding is the leading cause of iron deficiency anemia in developed countries, and most occult bleeds are attributed to upper gastrointestinal tract lesions, which are broadly categorized into mass lesions, vascular, infectious, and inflammatory abnormalities. Gastric polyps account for an exceedingly small portion of these lesions but are of clinical importance because of the risk for progression to malignancy. We describe a patient found to have a gastric foveolar-type adenoma as a rare cause of iron deficiency anemia, with an incidentally found gastric neuroendocrine tumor.
Levetiracetam Liver Injury: A Benign Antiepileptic Agent?
Authors: Hegazy Yassmin , Axley Page , Lee Goo , Gray Meagan
Published: March 2023

Levetiracetam is a commonly prescribed antiepileptic agent and has rarely been linked to hepatotoxicity. This case describes a patient with drug-induced autoimmune hepatitis secondary to levetiracetam.
Leading undergraduate provision in further education colleges: the experiences of BA Education programme leaders
Authors: Purves Ross M. , Pulsford Mark , Morris Rebecca
Published: March 2023

This article explores the experiences of those who lead undergraduate education-related programmes in further education (FE) colleges in England. Questionnaire and interview fieldwork with 14 further education-based programme leaders were supplemented by a comparison survey of equivalent professionals from higher education institutions (HEIs). Drawing on Hodgson and Spours’s four-level lifelong learning ecology and Nardi and O’Day’s keystone species concept, our analysis characterises the role of the undergraduate programme leader as distinctive and critical within the further education context. Extremely multifaceted and busy, this role is also poorly defined, often involving individuals relying on craft wisdom accrued within specific contexts. Three overall strands of responsibility emerged in participants’ view of their role: the administrative and organisational demands of colleges and the validation/franchising of higher education partners; the provision to learners of appropriate support in their studies; and the recognition of and response to pastoral needs of students. Tensions were identified between these, with one strand tending to preoccupy programme leaders at any time, obscuring their view of other important role objectives. As such, we introduce the concept of sightlines to capture the importance of enabling programme leaders to see through and beyond their institutional context and engage outwards, rather than turn inwards. Practical recommendations include the provision of time and licence to study for advanced qualifications, to undertake research and to help nurture distinctive cultures of higher education learning.
Lo que la pandemia develó: la importancia (y fragilidad) de la salud mental y la solidaridad
Authors: Velosa Forero Jaime
Published: March 2023

La pandemia, sus impactos en la vida psíquica y en el lazo social apenas se van estableciendo. Sin embargo, no cabe duda de que ha sido un periodo de tiempo excepcional, que dejará huellas, preguntas y aprendizajes. Dos temas emergieron de manera notable: por un lado, la importancia —y fragilidad— de la salud mental y, por otra parte, la solidaridad; un valor que se invocó para respetar la convivencia, para seguir las normas y medidas sanitarias; y también para sostener las limitaciones e imposiciones que se establecieron. La solidaridad fue promovida sosteniendo la importancia del bien común sobre los intereses individuales. La articulación de los dos temas, de la denominada salud mental y la solidaridad, son un pretexto para plantear reflexiones sobre la dinámica del ser humano puesta de presente en este periodo tan significativamente adverso y desfavorable.
Synthesis and stability of phospholipid-encapsulated nano-selenium
Authors: Huang Jinhui , Lin Xue , Zhu Yongchuang , Sun Xuejiao , Chen Jiesheng , Cui Yingde
Published: March 2023

Red elemental nano-selenium, which is an important biological form of selenium, exhibits very low toxicity and remarkable biological properties and thus has several positive effects. For instance, it shows antioxidation and antistress characteristics, promotes growth and improves immunity. However, owing to its nanoscale size, it is very difficult to disperse and stabilize during synthesis and storage. In this study, nanoscale selenium with a mass content of 2.06% and an average particle size of 49 nm was prepared by the chemical reduction method. The analysis demonstrated that the surface phospholipids formed lamellar structures after directional freezing, and the nano-selenium particles were distributed in the middle of the lamellar. The nano-selenium particles were efficiently dispersed due to their lamellar structure and amphiphilicity. The particles displayed excellent stability and remained relatively unchanged after 20 days of storage in solution or solid state. The difficulties associated with the dispersion and storage stability of nanometer selenium during preparation were solved.
Digital natives aren’t concerned much about privacy, or are they?
Authors: Maier Edith , Doerk Michael , Reimer Ulrich , Baldauf Matthias
Published: March 2023

Voice assistants have become embedded in people’s private spaces and domestic lives where they gather enormous amounts of personal information which is why they evoke serious privacy concerns. The paper reports the findings from a mixed-method study with 65 digital natives, their attitudes to privacy and actual and intended behaviour in privacy-sensitive situations and contexts. It also presents their recommendations to governments or organisations with regard to protecting their data. The results show that the majority are concerned about privacy but are willing to disclose personal data if the benefits outweigh the risks. The prevailing attitude is one characterised by uncertainty about what happens with their data, powerlessness about controlling their use, mistrust in big tech companies and uneasiness about the lack of transparency. Few take steps to self-manage their privacy, but rely on the government to take measures at the political and regulatory level. The respondents, however, show scant awareness of existing or planned legislation such as the GDPR and the Digital Services Act, respectively. A few participants are anxious to defend the analogue world and limit digitalization in general which in their opinion only opens the gate to surveillance and misuse.
Analysis of microwave irradiation on the lethal conditions for insect pest in rice and its influence and regulation on the quality of rice
Authors: Song Wenzhong , Chang Xiaoling , Wu Long , Wang Ruifang
Published: March 2023

In view of the problem that conventional insecticidal methods cannot inhibit the hatching of insect eggs in rice, microwave heating was used to kill the insect eggs hidden in the rice grains. The lethal conditions of microwave irradiation on insect pests in rice and the effects of microwave irradiation on the quality of rice were studied, and the process conditions that can both ensure the quality of rice and kill insects were put forward. The microwave energy density parameter was used to evaluate the lethal conditions of microwave irradiation for insect pests in rice. The results showed that the lethality ratio of insect pests was 100% when the microwave energy density was higher than 0.0325 kW h/kg. Both microwave power density and microwave power affected the quality of rice. The results concluded that the cracking ratio, chalkiness and amylose content were increased with the increase of microwave power at the same microwave power density, while the free fatty acid content was decreased. Through the study of variable microwave power process, it was found that the cracking ratio and chalkiness can be controlled below 1.5% when the heating rate of rice at the later stage of microwave irradiation was less than 0.2 °C/s. The use of two-stage variable microwave power process can eventually ensure the disinfestation and the quality of rice simultaneously.
A third polymorph of the zwitterionic complex trichlorido-((dimethylphosphoryl)methanaminium-κO)zinc(II)
Authors: Reiss Guido J.
Published: March 2023

By the reaction of (dimethylphosphoryl)methanamine (dpma) with one equivalent of zinc(II) chloride in a concentrated hydrochloric acid solution and subsequent slow evaporation of the solvent, the title compound (dpmaH)ZnCl3 was obtained in quantitative yield. The primary reaction product mainly consists of larger brick-shaped colorless and smaller cuboide colorless crystals. Long-time storage over several months of these crystals in the mother liquor yielded a third polymorph (P21/n; a = 9.6639(1); b = 10.0271(1); c = 11.2446(1) Å; β = 98.964(1)°) of this compound. Similar to the two other modifications, its crystal structure consists of a zwitterionic dpmaHZnCl3 complex containing the cationic dpmaH+ ligand, which coordinates the zinc atom through its oxygen atom. Hydrogen bonds connect neighboring zwitterionic complexes to a layered structure. The motif of a hydrogen bonded dimer, similar to that found in the chain structure of polymorph I, is also present, but in the title structure these dimers form hydrogen bonds in two dimensions.
Konzept zur selektiven Modelladaption durch Clustering von Prozessdaten
Authors: Brecher Christian , Frenkel Nils , Lohrmann Vincent , Ochel Janis , Strachkov Anton , Wiesch Marian , Fey Marcel
Published: March 2023

Die indirekte Bestimmung von Maschinen- und Komponentenzuständen erfordert eine signalquellenabhängige Modellparametrierung. Eine zentrale Herausforderung ist hierbei die Adaption bestehender Modelle für neue Randbedingungen. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Konzept zum datengetriebenen Clustering von geschlossenen Prozessabschnitten vorgestellt, mit dessen Hilfe eine gezielte Modellanpassung und -wiederverwendung ermöglicht werden. Eine Anwendung wird anhand zweier Anwendungsmöglichkeiten konzeptionell illustriert.
Methods Content Analysis: A Role in Applied Health Research
Authors: Cahill Peter
Published: March 2023

Text data is highly information-rich and accessing this information would greatly benefit applied health researchers and decision makers. Text data can be viewed as both qualitative and quantitative data by the researcher. When both the quality and the quantity of the data can be informative, a rigorous mixed methods approach is necessary to make best use of available analysis techniques to yield high quality inferences. In this analytic essay, a sketch of a suggested mixed methods content analysis method is provided, combining the rich interpretive power of close readings of text data by researchers with the robust quantitative modelling via machine learning. This mixed methods content analysis method appears promising for applied health research.
Category Trumps Shape as an Organizational Principle of Object Space in the Human Occipitotemporal Cortex
Authors: Yargholi Elahe' , Op de Beeck Hans
Published: March 2023

The organizational principles of the object space represented in the human ventral visual cortex are debated. Here we contrast two prominent proposals that, in addition to an organization in terms of animacy, propose either a representation related to aspect ratio (stubby-spiky) or to the distinction between faces and bodies. We designed a critical test that dissociates the latter two categories from aspect ratio and investigated responses from human fMRI (of either sex) and deep neural networks (BigBiGAN). Representational similarity and decoding analyses showed that the object space in the occipitotemporal cortex and BigBiGAN was partially explained by animacy but not by aspect ratio. Data-driven approaches showed clusters for face and body stimuli and animate-inanimate separation in the representational space of occipitotemporal cortex and BigBiGAN, but no arrangement related to aspect ratio. In sum, the findings go in favor of a model in terms of an animacy representation combined with strong selectivity for faces and bodies.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe contrasted animacy, aspect ratio, and face-body as principal dimensions characterizing object space in the occipitotemporal cortex. This is difficult to test, as typically faces and bodies differ in aspect ratio (faces are mostly stubby and bodies are mostly spiky). To dissociate the face-body distinction from the difference in aspect ratio, we created a new stimulus set in which faces and bodies have a similar and very wide distribution of values along the shape dimension of the aspect ratio. Brain imaging (fMRI) with this new stimulus set showed that, in addition to animacy, the object space is mainly organized by the face-body distinction and selectivity for aspect ratio is minor (despite its wide distribution).
Cooperative Citizens
Authors: Cai Yongshun
Published: March 2023

The Chinese government has effectively adapted to the new environment in which information flow is greatly facilitated by the wide use of social media. This adaptation is aided not only by its resources and learning ability but also by citizens supportive of the regime. Content manipulation and censorship are the two primary approaches used by the Chinese government to manage social media. This paper examines how supportive citizens help the state manage cyberspace by tipping off state agencies. The state encourages tip providers by responding to tips, including political ones, and sometimes by rewarding the provider. Tip providers reduce the cost of monitoring social media, enhance the legitimacy of censorship, and discourage and marginalize regime critics. The presence of tip providers reflects and reinforces the split or ideological polarization among the population.
Hacia una enseñanza innovadora en la didáctica de la Lengua: modelos indagatorios y creativos frente a los reglamentistas y formulísticos en el aula del futuro
Authors: Ortiz Aguirre Enrique
Published: March 2023

La innovación en el área de la didáctica de la Lengua exige nuevos planteamientos para un aprendizaje competencial; por tanto, no basta con instalar aulas del futuro si no llevan aparejadas zonificaciones, asunción de metodologías activas, técnicas para el aprendizaje colaborativo, etc. Con este artículo, se pretende ofrecer una panorámica del estado de la cuestión, desde el convencimiento de que sin un diagnóstico crítico actual será difícil implementar innovaciones en el área. Tras el desglose analítico panorámico de la situación, se procede a reivindicar el aprendizaje competencial en la didáctica de la lengua desde enfoques indagatorios y creativos; para ejemplificarlos, se presentan muestras concretas que pueden ser adaptadas para el aula. El aprendizaje competencial responde a los retos de la sociedad del siglo XXI; conocer y aplicar innovaciones en la didáctica de la lengua supone adaptar la enseñanza-aprendizaje a nuestros tiempos.
The influence of consistency and fibre length on the yield stress of OCC pulp fibre suspensions
Authors: Cai Hui , Yuan Zhaoyang , Zhang Xin , Jun Shen , Zhang Hui , Olson James
Published: March 2023

The effect of fibre length on the yield stress of recycled old corrugated containers (OCC) pulp fibre suspensions was investigated. Two types of OCC pulps were divided into four fractions based on the fibre length with a Bauer-McNett classifier. The yield stress of each fraction was measured using the shear stress ramp method at pulp consistency ranging from 0.5% to 2.5% (w/v). The results showed that both pulp consistency and fibre length had significant effects on the yield stress of OCC pulp suspensions, and the yield stress was greater with increasing fibre length and pulp consistency. Moreover, the effect of consistency in OCC pulp suspension with long fibres on the yield stress was stronger than in the slurry with short fibres.
Kinetics of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural production from monosaccharides in media containing an ionic liquid and a solid acid catalyst
Authors: Penín Lucía , Peleteiro Susana , Yáñez Remedios , Parajó Juan C. , Santos Valentín
Published: March 2023

Glucose and mannose, the major structural units found in softwood hemicelluloses, were used to produce 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, in the presence of a commercial zeolite (which acted as an acidic catalyst), and in the presence or absence of co-catalysts. Experiments were performed under diverse operational conditions, and the reaction kinetics were interpreted by a mechanism involving three major reactions (non-productive substrate conversion, HMF generation, and HMF decomposition). Activation energies were determined for the best reaction medium.
Preparation of oligomeric dehydrogenation polymer and characterization of its antibacterial properties
Authors: Xie Yimin , Chen Xuekuan , Jiang Chen , Wu Hongfei , Ye Zhezi
Published: March 2023

To investigate the relationship between the chemical structural characteristics of lignin and its antibacterial activity, a low molecular weight dehydrogenation polymer (DHP) was synthesized in vitro with isoeugenol as a precursor and catalyzed by laccase. The DHP was fractionated to obtain a petroleum ether-soluble fraction (F1), diethyl ether-soluble fraction (F2), ethanol-soluble fraction (F3), and acetone-soluble fraction (F4). The results of antibacterial experiments showed that only F1 and F2 could effectively inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, nine compounds (Z1 to Z9) were obtained via the column chromatographic separation from F1 and F2. Mass spectrum analysis results showed that all of these compounds contained a β-5 structure. Antibacterial experiments showed that dimers (Z1 and Z2) could inhibit both S. aureus and E. coli. The trimers, tetramers, and pentamers (Z3 to Z9) could inhibit S. aureus but had no inhibitory effect on E. coli. The aldehyde groups and the condensed 5-5 structure, decreased the antibacterial properties of DHP, whereas the presence of the β-5 structure may be related to the antimicrobial ability of DHP.
Experimental testing of elastic properties of paper and WoodEpox® in honeycomb panels
Authors: Peliński Krzysztof , Smardzewski Jerzy
Published: March 2023

The literature lacks comparisons of analytical and numerical calculations that have been verified experimentally for elastic constants of auxetic cells in cores manufactured from wood materials. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of auxetic cell geometry and the type of material used in their manufacture on elastic properties of the honeycomb panel core. This paper describes properties of the materials, from which core cells were modeled and presents mathematical models of cell properties. The method of numerical optimization of cell shape was specified, and the numerical calculations concerning modeled cells are given along with the course and results of experimental tests. Additionally, the results of analytical, numerical, and experimental tests were compared. Cell geometry had a considerable effect on elastic properties of honeycomb panel cores, particularly the angle of the cell wall. Moreover, geometric imperfections had a significant effect on the results of analytical calculations. Based on numerical calculations, satisfactory consistency between these results and experimental tests was obtained.
Two new species of Ribes (Grossulariaceae) from Peru
Authors: Weigend Maximilian , Andrade-Galán Ana
Published: March 2023

The genus Ribes (Grossulariaceae) has a center of diversity in the tropical Andes, especially in Peru. Several new species have been discovered in recent years and additional collections keep turning up material of undescribed species. In the present study we describe two additional new species, both from the wide-ranging species complex around Ribes andicola. Ribes lambayequensis comes from a known centre of diversity of the Andean plants, the Amotape-Huancabamba Zone, but represents the first species of the genus from Lambayeque. It differs most obviously from its geographical neighbor Ribes colandina by its two-coloured flowers in erect inflorescences (versus uniformly dark red flowers in pendulous racemes in R. colandina). The other new species is described from Apurímac and represents the first microendemic species of Ribes from this generally poorly explored region. It is a far southern outlier of the Ribes andicola group, which otherwise finds its southern range limit in the Department of La Libertad. Ribes apurimacensis differs from its closest allies in the Ribes andicola group by an exclusively glandular indument (no simple hairs) in combination with smaller leaves, a serrate leaf margin and dark red flowers.
Bicolored Hawk, Accipiter bicolor in Guayaquil city (Western Ecuador)
Authors: Salas Jaime A. , Arias-Cruzatty Daniel , Aguilar-Gómez Miguel , Bravo-Mejía Carolina , Matamoros Ronny
Published: March 2023

Accipiter bicolor is a widely distributed Neotropical raptor but knowledge about its ecology is poor, particularly in urban areas. In this work, we document the presence of A. bicolor in the city of Guayaquil and in nearby forested areas, in addition, we provide new records on its diet and discuss possible foraging strategies in synanthropic environments. Also, reports of this species are considered on citizen science platforms. Accipiter bicolor was observed consuming an individual of Columbina bluckeyi and another of Artibeus fraterculus; near a colony of this species of bat. Finally, we found 59 records of A. bicolor between 2007 and 2022 for Guayaquil and its surrounding areas, 14 records were in urban habitats. Observations in different urban and peri-urban habitats are discussed, as well as their feeding habits.
Primer registro de Echiophis brunneus (Teleosteo: Ophichthidae) “anguila pecosa” para el norte del Perú
Authors: Campos-León Sarita , Miranda Junior , Moreno-Méndez Andrey , Vásquez Cinthia
Published: March 2023

Echiophis brunneus, comúnmente conocida como anguila pecosa, es una especie bentónica costera de la familia Ophichthidae. Su distribución se reporta para el Pacífico Oriental desde el Golfo de California (EEUU) hasta el Golfo de Guayaquil (Ecuador). Se reporta por primera vez la presencia de E. brunneus a partir de tres ejemplares capturados en el norte del Perú. Así mismo se registra una nueva talla máxima para la especie y se adiciona la secuencia COI a la base de datos BoldSystems. Las características externas y morfométricas de los ejemplares analizados coinciden con el género Echiophis y la especie E. brunneus. Una de las principales características para su determinación fue la observación del diente canino grande localizado en la zona distal del vómer. A nivel molecular, se alinearon las secuencias COI de las especies del género Echiophis de 652 pares de bases, con 80 sitios variables y 24 sitios informativos de parsimonia. Las distancias genéticas (Kimura, 1980) entre E. brunneus con E. punctifer y E. intertinctus fue de 0.087 ±0.013 y 0.095 ±0.014 respectivamente. Los especímenes fueron hallados en condiciones oceanográficas, ligeramente cálidas con presencia de Aguas Ecuatoriales Superficiales y normales, propias del arribo de ondas Kelvin cálida a la costa Norte Centro de Perú, provocando el desplazamiento de la especie hasta la Región La Libertad, así mismo sugerimos que es posible el establecimiento de una población de esta especie en la costa norte del Perú
First record of Rosy Jewelfish Anthias noeli (Perciformes, Serranidae) in the littoral of Peru
Authors: Vera Manuel , Miranda Junior , Carrillo Omar , Castillo Deysy
Published: March 2023

This work documents the first record of Anthias noeli Anderson & Baldwin, 2000 in Peru. Between 2016 and 2019, fifteen specimens were captured from the littoral of the Tumbes Department, located in the northernmost of Peru. Fresh photographs were taken of the specimens and meristic and morphometric analyses were conducted for species identification. Additionally, muscle tissue was extracted from five individuals to determine COI gene sequences. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed the specimens' identity as A. noeli, and the sequences were deposited in the public database BOLD Systems, representing the first deposited sequences for this species. This record expands the southern distribution of A. noeli.
ESG and Firm Performance in Developing Countries: Evidence From ASEAN
Authors: Makhdalena Makhdalena , Zulvina Desi , Zulvina Yani , Amelia Rizky Windar , Wicaksono Aditya Pandu
Published: March 2023

Several studies primarily investigate the influence of environmental, social, and governance on firm performance in a developed country where markets have matured, and investors are aware of corporate social responsibility activities. Therefore, studies in developing countries are still rare and mixed. This study examines the effect of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) information on firm performance in ASEAN developing countries. We observed companies in ASEAN developing countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam) during 2010-2020. The information on ESG score and ROA as a proxy for firm performance measures ESG. Regression test results showed that ESG has a positive effect on firm performance. We also found that three components of ESG, environmental, Social, and Governance, positively affect firm performance. Robustness test results showed that overall ESG information, environmental information, and social initiatives affect the firm’s market performance (Tobin’s Q). Research originality in this study proves that developing countries have a positive effect between ESG disclosure and company performance. ESG, in the long term, would build effective governance and increase shareholder value. The research implication is to suggest a company has ESG information due to empirical testing that ESG information enhances a firm operational and market performance.JEL Classification: G30, Q56, Q50How to Cite:Makhdalena., Zulvina, D., Zulvina, Y., Amelia, R. W., & Wicaksono, A. P. (2023). Environmental, Social, Governance, and Firm Performance in Developing Countries: Evidence from Southeast Asian. Etikonomi, 22(1), 65–78. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v22i1.25271.
The Development of Good Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Governance Indicators
Authors: Rinaldo Dito , Sari Puteri Andika , Sari Wiendy Puspita , Miharja Rediawan
Published: March 2023

A systematic literature review method was used in this study to find good governance for micro, small, and medium-sized businesses (MSMEs). The SEM-PLS approach was utilized to assess the effect of MSMEs' owners' competencies on the level of governance model implementation and the performance of MSMEs. The test results suggest implementing the governance model's concept can improve business performance. To be effective, however, owners of MSMEs must be willing to invest in their professional growth. Thus, based on the research findings, the MSMEs governance model, which is unique to this study, can serve as a standard for MSMEs' performance and a reference for various stakeholders involved in MSMEs' development initiatives.JEL Classification: G3, M21How to Cite:Rinaldo, D., Sari, P. A., Sari, W. P. & Miharja, R. (2023). The Development of Good Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Governance Indicators. Etikonomi, 22(1), 93–118. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v22i1.25625.
ПЕРСПЕКТИВНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ОБРОБКИ ЦИФРОВИХ ЗОБРАЖЕНЬ ПРИ КОНТРОЛІ ПОВЕРХОНЬ ОБ’ЄКТІВ РАКЕТНО-КОСМІЧНОЇ ТЕХНІКИ
Authors: Meiirbekov M. , Manko T. , Kozis K.
Published: March 2023

Поверхні технічних об'єктів, які недоступні для візуального спостереження досліджені шляхом вивчення цифрових зображень, що містять інформацію про їх стан та якість. Отримані дані дозволяють порівнювати та визначати класи нормальних та аномальних цифрових зображень. Результати та висновки візуального аналізу були підтверджені статистичною обробкою матричних вимірювань цифрових зображень. У контексті відсутності апріорних даних щодо статистичних закономірностей експериментальних вимірювань яскравості цифрових зображень технічних об'єктів, що розробляються та недоступні для спостереження, їх стан та якість слід контролювати всебічно та поетапно. На першому етапі шляхом візуального аналізу цифрових зображень проводиться їх класифікація з виділенням класу аномальних цифрових зображень та класу зображень, поверхні яких вважаються нормальними. На другому етапі за допомогою статистичної обробки вимірювальних матриць формуються дані для візуально-аналітичного аналізу та перевірки гіпотез про стан контрольованих поверхонь технічних об'єктів та підтвердження результатів їх класифікації візуальним оглядом цифрових зображень. Методи обробки матриць експериментальних вимірювань - це оцінка їх математичних очікувань, дисперсій, коефіцієнтів кореляції, емпіричних функцій та законів розподілу ймовірностей. Ці інтегровані оцінки є інформативними показниками статистичної однорідності вимірювальних зразків як випадкових величин. Вони використовуються при проектуванні, розробці та випробуванні ракетно-космічних об’єктів. В результаті роботи запропоновано новий метод візуально-аналітичної обробки цифрових зображень для контролю поверхонь об'єктів ракетно-космічної техніки під час їх проектування та випробувань.
МЕТОДИ ГРАФІЧНОЇ ПОБУДОВИ ПРОЦЕСА ВИГОТОВЛЕННЯ СИЛОВОЇ ОБОЛОНКИ КОМПОЗИТНИХ ПАЛИВНИХ БАКІВ
Authors: Litot О. , Man’ko Т.
Published: March 2023

Стаття посвячена питанню моделювання процесу виготовлення  силової оболонки композитних паливних баків, які виготовляються методом намотування. При створенні деталей із композитів, одночасно вирішується завдання по проектуванню, створенню матеріалу і технології виготовлення. Беручи до уваги таку особливість композитів, удосконалення технології виготовлення є одною із самих важливих аспектів, визначаючих облік всієї конструкції. Таким чином, для отримання виробів, що відповідають сучасним вимогам ракетно-космічної техніки і визначаються високим коефіцієнтом вагової ефективності, є потреба в постійному вдосконаленню технології виготовлення. Сучасним напрямком розвитку технології є її моделювання за допомогою програмних інструментів. Їх використання дозволяє не тільки спростити розуміння процесу створення деталей із композитів, а і з високою автоматизацією опрацьовувати велику кількість конструктивно-технологічних рішень і структурних компоновок. Це дозволяє з високою ефективністю розробляти технологію виготовлення на етапі проектування, беручи до уваги технологічні і конструктивні особливості, які виявляють на етапі виготовлення. Висока увага приділена проблематиці формування поверхні намотування шарів силової оболонки в зоні полюсного отвору, у тому числі для паливних баків з днищами складної геометрії. Розглянутий процес графічної побудови формоутворення силової оболонки безлейнерного композитного паливного баку з малим полюсним отвором. Для підтвердження проведених робіт виготовлена дослідна конструкція суцільнокомпозитного паливного бака з малим полюсним отвором з вуглепластику. Ефективність прийнятих конструктивно-технологічних рішень підтверджена характером руйнування при випробуваннях. Представлена оцінка отриманих результатів і висновків про проведену роботові.
ВПЛИВ ПАРАМЕТРІВ ЗВАРЮВАННЯ НА РОБОЧІ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ТЕРМОКАТОДІВ
Authors: Sanin A. , Dzhour Е. , Mamchur І. , Mamchur S. , Nosova Т.
Published: March 2023

В роботі розглянуті матеріали для виготовлення термокатоду на основі гексабориду лантану і ніобію. Гексаборид лантану має високі  емісійні властивості, тому знаходить використання у багатьох областях техніки для виготовлення катодів прямого і непрямого підігріву Проведені порівняння величин енергії активації процесів взаємодії металів з бором під час дифузійного зварювання у вакуумі, та оцінка ефективністі дифузійного захисту поверхні взаємодії за рахунок використання проміжного шару. На основі даних обрано матеріал в якості проміжного шару – титан. Проаналізовано діаграму стану лантан-бор за оптимальних температур зварювання. Обрано температуру зварювання 1473 К, яка сприяє інтенсифікації дифузійного процесу. Проведено дослідження дифузійної взаємодії шарових композицій з гексабориду лантану, ніобієвої підкладки та бар’єрного шару з титану. Досліджено вплив параметрів зварювання на протяжність фазових шарів та якість термокатоду для іонних двигунів малого тяжіння. Встановлено, що зв'язок між розвитком дифузійних прошарків і якістю зварного з’єднання за допомогою мікро структурних методів аналізу не дає достовірних результатів. Вимірювання мікротвердості дозволяє приблизно визначити загальну ширину перехідного прошарку. Якісний мікрорентгеноспектральний аналіз дозволив за ознаками рефлексів визначити протяжність кожного фазового прошарку на концентраційній кривій сканування. Таким чином методологія використаних фізичних методів дослідження дозволила визначити надійність наукового обґрунтування  розробленого технологічного процесу виготовлення зварюваних конструкцій і оцінку їх працездатності в умовах експлуатації.  Визначені загальні вимоги до матеріалів термокатоду: метали повинні мати прості діаграми стану; система зварюваємих металів повинна мати не менше 2 термостійких інтерметалідів; сиcтема повинна утворювати суттєві області твердих розчинів. Встановлено механізм утворення дифузійного з’єднання гексабориду лантану з титаном за рахунок дифузії  бору у титан, із запобіганням рекристалізаційного зростання зерен у титановому прошарку і утворення боридів титану, які забезпечують підвищення термостійкості з’єднання. Використання наведеної схеми дослідження і оцінка зв’язку фазоутворення  якістю зварюваних з’єднань на основі гексабориду лантану дає можливість ефективного вибору матеріалу ппроміжних прошарків і режимів зварювання для отримання катодних пристроїв.