Patient (pt) experience with and perceptions of transfusion-dependent (TD) and transfusion-independent (TI) myelofibrosis (MF): A qualitative interview study.
Authors: Cardellino Anna , Collacott Hannah , Zhang Shiyuan , Phiri Kelesitse , Turner Vicky , Ross Melissa 
Published: June 2024

e23110

Background: MF is a rare myeloproliferative neoplasm for which Janus kinase inhibitors are the standard of care. Some Janus kinase inhibitors can exacerbate anemia, a hallmark feature of MF that increases in severity with disease progression. Red blood cell transfusions are an important component of anemia management, but transfusion dependence is an independent predictor of poor survival outcomes and is inversely correlated with quality of life (QOL). The current study aimed to elicit the perceived direct and indirect burden of transfusion dependence and its impact on pts with MF. Methods: Concept elicitation interviews were conducted remotely with Janus kinase inhibitor–experienced and symptomatic (MF Symptom Assessment Form v4.0 Total Symptom Score [TSS] ≥10) pts with MF across the US, UK, Germany, Italy, Spain, and Poland (N = 20). Five TD pts (≥2 blood transfusions in any 1 mo over the last 3 mo) and 15 TI pts (≤1 blood transfusion in any 1 mo over the last 3 mo) participated in 60-minute interviews, which followed a semistructured guide including open-ended questions and completion of ranking exercises and sociodemographic and clinical forms. Results: Of 20 pts, mean age was 59 years, 50% were male, and85% received a diagnosis of anemia after their MF diagnosis. Pts with anemia experienced a range of related symptoms, including fatigue (94%), weakness (53%), and night sweats (29%). These symptoms impacted several QOL domains, including emotional (88%) and physical (71%) health and social life (71%). Most pts (18 of 20) had received a transfusion in the past, of whom 5 were TD. In addition to higher transfusion burden, TD pts had higher symptom burden than TI pts (mean TSS, 30.8 vs 27.9).TD pts endorsed challenges with frequent transfusions relating to clinical concerns/safety (100%), convenience (100%), and travel (80%), all of which remained concerns when thinking about being TD in the future (40% each). These challenges resulted in emotional (80%) and physical (60%) impacts and impacts to activities of daily living (60%). Four of 5 (80%) reported that going ≥12 weeks without a transfusion would be helpful and positively impact their QOL. Similarly, TI pts felt it was important to remain TI, with 73% expressing concerns about becoming TD in the future. Regarding the most important MF treatment outcomes, MF symptom reduction and overall survival were the most common (40% each) among TD pts, and reduction/avoidance of transfusion was the most common (40%) among TI pts. Conclusions: These interviews characterize the substantial negative experiences with and perceptions of anemia and transfusions in pts with MF who are TD and those who are TI but concerned about becoming TD in the future. These findings highlight the value of treatment options that reduce/eliminate transfusion burden and prevent future transfusions in improving the experiences of pts with MF.