bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of hearing loss using automated audiometry in an asynchronous telehealth model: A pilot accuracy study
Authors: Brennan-Jones Christopher G , Eikelboom Robert H , Swanepoel De Wet
Published: April 2016

Introduction

Standard criteria exist for diagnosing different types of hearing loss, yet audiologists interpret audiograms manually. This pilot study examined the feasibility of standardised interpretations of audiometry in a telehealth model of care. The aim of this study was to examine diagnostic accuracy of automated audiometry in adults with hearing loss in an asynchronous telehealth model using pre-defined diagnostic protocols.

Materials and methods

We recruited 42 study participants from a public audiology and otolaryngology clinic in Perth, Western Australia. Manual audiometry was performed by an audiologist either before or after automated audiometry. Diagnostic protocols were applied asynchronously for normal hearing, disabling hearing loss, conductive hearing loss and unilateral hearing loss. Sensitivity and specificity analyses were conducted using a two-by-two matrix and Cohen’s kappa was used to measure agreement.

Results

The overall sensitivity for the diagnostic criteria was 0.88 (range: 0.86–1) and overall specificity was 0.93 (range: 0.86–0.97). Overall kappa ( k) agreement was ‘substantial’ k = 0.80 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70–0.89) and significant at p < 0.001.

Discussion

Pre-defined diagnostic protocols applied asynchronously to automated audiometry provide accurate identification of disabling, conductive and unilateral hearing loss. This method has the potential to improve synchronous and asynchronous tele-audiology service delivery.
‘The whole is greater’. Developing music therapy services in the National Health Service: A case study revisited
Authors: Wood Juliet , Sandford Stephen , Bailey Emma
Published: April 2016

This article describes contemporary music therapy practice within Chelsea and Westminster Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust in London. The authors revisit an earlier article about the service (‘The whole is greater than the sum of its parts: experiences of co-working as Music Therapists’, Fearn and O’Connor), which described an evolving approach of two Music Therapists based at one Child Development Service, part of Chelsea and Westminster Hospital in London. On this foundation, a team of 10 part-time Music Therapists has developed, working across three London boroughs and a number of multidisciplinary teams. This article will look at how the music therapy practice has developed in this setting over the past decade, in order to provide a practical and theoretical perspective for Music Therapists within multidisciplinary settings. Influences that have shaped the service and the wider music therapy profession will be explored, such as an increased emphasis on a goal-centred, multidisciplinary team approach, the changing needs and volume of the children presenting to the service and the consequent development of the music therapy team.
The role, function and identity of music therapists in the 21st century, including new research and thinking from a UK perspective
Authors: Odell-Miller Helen
Published: April 2016

This article examines the identity of music therapy and music therapists, focussing upon the United Kingdom as a case study, but also considering international trends. Milestones in the history of music therapy in postwar United Kingdom and professional development in the 21st century are discussed, drawing upon research and clinical practice. Research outcomes across different specialities indicate that music therapy should be widely available to many populations, such as for people with dementia, autism, stroke and mental health problems and so on. These advancements mean that music therapists need to be clear about their role and identity in both doing the work and communicating about it. The article celebrates advances in research, thinking and provision and emphasis collaboration across multidisciplinary groups through an overview of different identities.
The impacts of physical activity intervention on physical and cognitive outcomes in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Pan Chien-Yu , Chu Chia-Hua , Tsai Chia-Liang , Sung Ming-Chih , Huang Chu-Yang , Ma Wei-Ya
Published: April 2016

This study examined the effects of a 12-week physical activity intervention on the motor skill proficiency and executive function of 22 boys (aged 9.08 ± 1.75 years) with autism spectrum disorder. In Phase I of the 12 weeks, 11 boys with autism spectrum disorder (Group A) received the intervention, whereas the other 11 boys with autism spectrum disorder (Group B) did not (true control, no intervention). The arrangement was reversed in Phase II, which lasted an additional 12 weeks. The Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test were conducted three times for each participant (Group A, primary grouping: baseline (T1), post-assessment (T2), and follow-up assessment (T3); Group B, control grouping: T1−T2; intervention condition, T2−T3). The main findings were that both groups of children with autism spectrum disorder significantly exhibited improvements in motor skill proficiency (the total motor composite and two motor-area composites) and executive function (three indices of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test) after 12 weeks of physical activity intervention. In addition, the effectiveness appeared to have been sustained for at least 12 weeks in Group A. The findings provide supporting evidence that physical activity interventions involving table tennis training may be a viable therapeutic option for treating children with autism spectrum disorder.
Emotional labour of policing
Authors: Bhowmick Sumagna , Mulla Zubin
Published: April 2016

Managing emotions in the workplace is an indispensable requisite for organizational efficiency. Displaying organizationally desired emotions by controlling one’s private feelings is called emotional labour. This study is a sharp departure from the overemphasis placed on the emotional labour–management of positive emotions relationship. This study focuses predominately on the management of negative emotions. By adopting a concurrent embedded mixed-method design, this article explores the mechanism by which different strategies of emotional labour lead to positive or negative outcomes for individuals within the context of the negative display rule. Using a survey method and interview, we studied 152 police officers in Kolkata, India. We found that the deep acting emotional regulation strategy leads to personal accomplishment, whereas surface acting leads to emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Moreover, we show that the negative outcomes of emotional labour can be minimized by enhancing organizational identification and job control.
Sexual(ized) harassment and ethnographic fieldwork: A silenced aspect of social research
Authors: Kloß Sinah Theres
Published: April 2016

Sexual(ized) harassment during ethnographic fieldwork is often described by female researchers as a ‘rather common’ experience, yet it continues to be marginalized in methodological discussions and anthropological training. Rather than silencing accounts of these experiences, it is necessary to include them in the analysis of acquired data and to reflect on them in ethnographic writing. This article raises awareness and stimulates discussion about this neglected aspect of social research. It considers ethnography as a gendered practice in which gender norms, the (a)sexuality of the fieldworker, and power relations directly influence research and the researcher’s safety. It discusses the consequences of sexual(ized) harassment for the ethnographer, makes suggestions regarding how to deal with it in situ, and highlights the complex relationship between personal safety and researchers’ ethical obligations towards their informants.
Academic Freedom in Contexts
Authors: Coetzee Carli
Published: April 2016

The limits of academic freedom are disputed in South African contexts, as elsewhere. The recent Rhodes Must Fall movement has given voice to demands to reinterpret the very idea of the university, as well as to redefine what academic freedom entails. The arguments made in John Higgins’s book Academic Freedom in a Democratic South Africa, published before these recent events started unfolding, reveal the ruptures and continuities in the debates in South Africa. Rhodes Must Fall has implications for academic institutions in the UK, as student solidarity with movements in South Africa has raised these issues on UK campuses. Discussions around academic freedom and the future of universities in South Africa can thus be illuminating for similar discussions in the UK, and serve as a counter-example of the possible debates around access, value and worth.
Associations of blood pressure variability and retinal arteriolar diameter in participants with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Veloudi Panagiota , Blizzard Leigh , Srikanth Velandai K , McCartney Paul , Lukoshkova Elena V , Hughes Alun D , Head Geoffrey A , Sharman James E
Published: April 2016

Blood pressure variability is associated with macrovascular complications and stroke, but its association with the microcirculation in type II diabetes has not been assessed. This study aimed to determine the relationship between blood pressure variability indices and retinal arteriolar diameter in non-diabetic and type II diabetes participants. Digitized retinal images were analysed to quantify arteriolar diameters in 35 non-diabetic (aged 52 ± 11 years; 49% male) and 28 type II diabetes (aged 61 ± 9 years; 50% male) participants. Blood pressure variability was derived from 24-h ambulatory blood pressure. Arteriolar diameter was positively associated with daytime rate of systolic blood pressure variation ( p = 0.04) among type II diabetes participants and negatively among non-diabetics ( p = 0.008; interaction p = 0.001). This finding was maintained after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index and mean daytime systolic blood pressure. These findings suggest that the blood pressure variability–related mechanisms underlying retinal vascular disease may differ between people with and without type II diabetes.
Examining Public Response to Corporate Social Initiative Types
Authors: Austin Lucinda L. , Gaither Barbara Miller
Published: April 2016

Corporate social initiatives (CSIs) are increasingly important in boosting public acceptance for companies, and emerging research suggests corporate social marketing (CSM) could be the most effective type of CSI. However, scholars caution that CSM is not a one-size-fits-all. Through a content analysis of Coca-Cola’s social media posts on potentially controversial topics related to sustainability, health, and social change, this study explores how CSI type and message content influence public response to an organization’s social media corporate social responsibility posts. Posts emphasizing socially responsible business practices generally received the most favorable public response, while posts focused on cause promotion were received the most negatively. Findings also suggest that CSM is less effective when the issue and advocated behavior change appears to be acting against the company’s interests.
Hoover Damn
Authors: Griffith Jane
Published: April 2016

Hoover Dam is a settler-colonial project, requiring Indigenous land and waterways while producing energy that enables further non-Indigenous settlement. In addition to the Dam’s engineering feats, its cultural production—art, pageantry, commemoration, and media—helped to buttress these claims to land. In this article, I offer the concept of dam/ning: how tactics used to preserve White settler memory, history, and claims to land and water seemingly appear to affirm Black and Indigenous lives but in fact veil violence. Also embedded in the term is damning: the strategies used to resist settler-colonial violence, dehumanization, displacement, and land theft. Dam/ning analyzes whose land these actions take place on, who claims this land and how, and what techniques people have used to resist. I draw from a tripartite archive: personal letters from Hoover Dam’s official artist (1920s-1940s), the Bureau of Reclamation’s magazine (1930s), and the town site’s local newspaper (1979). This article begins by establishing the practices of damming—the physical and cultural practices that enabled White settlement, which denigrated Indigenous and Black peoples while requiring their knowledge, art, and bodies; the second half of the article establishes the practices of damning, exposing ways Indigenous and Black communities fought these settler-colonial practices throughout the 20th century.
Visual power: The scopic regime of military drone operations
Authors: Maurer Kathrin
Published: April 2016

This article analyzes how visual scopic regimes of military drones configure violence as a form of man hunting. For the French philosopher Grégoire Chamayou, man hunting embodies a type of cynegetic (hunting related) violence, which military drones can execute by power surveillance. Research often focuses on the political, legal, anthropological, and ethical aspects of this type of violence; the aspects of its visual framing are often underexposed. In order to change this shortcoming, this article draws attention to the medial aspects of this violence by investigating the drone’s scopic regime. The scopic regime refers to the drone’s visual configuration, i.e. its ocular operations of capture, its optical perspective on the target, the visual sensing of the drone pilot, as well as the target’s range of vision. Three scopic dimensions of military drones, namely hypervisibility, visual immersion, and invisibility are investigated. In doing so, this article explores how drones stage, interpret, convey, mediate, and execute violence as man hunting. Excursions to the works of contemporary visual artists are conducted in order to illustrate aesthetic interventions against the drone’s visual superpower.
Failure of distal biceps repair by gapping
Authors: Rashid Abbas , Copas David , Watts Adam C
Published: April 2016

Background

We describe the clinical, radiological and surgical findings of failed distal biceps repair by gapping and report the functional outcomes following revision repair.

Methods

A retrospective review of five consecutive patients was conducted. Patients presented with radial-sided forearm pain after their distal biceps fixation. All patients had less than 5 cm of retraction of the biceps muscle belly, a palpable tendon although the manoeuvre was painful with weakness on resisted supination. Flexed abducted supinated magnetic resonance imaging (FABS MRI) showed a gap between the distal end of the tendon and the footprint on the radial tuberosity.

Results

Mean FEA score at presentation was 44/100 (35 to 49). Mean time to re-operation was 18 months (range 4 months to 36 months). At revision, the distal end of the tendon was retracted and not making contact with the bone. All cases were revised to an in-bone endobutton repair. Mean postoperative Functional Elbow Assessment (FEA) scores undertaken at a mean of 14 months (range 5 months to 22 months) after revision improved to 95/100 (90 to 100).

Conclusions

Patients presenting with persistent radial sided forearm pain and weakness on provocative testing after distal biceps repair with a seemingly intact repair should be investigated with FABS MRI to look for evidence of failure of repair by gapping. Revision repair with an anatomic in-bone technique can lead to good results.
Visibility, transparency and gossip: How did the religion of some (Muslims) become the public concern of others?
Authors: Amiraux Valérie
Published: April 2016

Over the last 30 years, the publicly visible “otherness” embodied by the Muslim population in the member states of the European Union has sparked movements of transnational public discussions mainly driven by the fear of the collapse of “national cohesion.” This paper engages theoretically with the idea that these debates have become an ordinary trap for European publics, France being the main illustration in the text. It is more specifically concerned with the discussions surrounding the recent ban on the wearing of the full veil in French public space, asking: what does the omnipresence of public discussions about religious otherness reveal of the national culture of citizenship? What are the epistemological and political implications of the evaluation of daily individual experiences as criminal in secular contexts? The text develops some speculative readings of the public experience arising from the visibility of Islamic religious signs and the capital attached to their visibility.
Dorsally located corneal dermoid in a cat
Authors: LoPinto Alexander J , Pirie Chris G , Huynh Thanhthao , Beamer Gillian
Published: April 2016

Case summary

A 2-month-old, male kitten was presented for evaluation of unilateral blepharospasm and epiphora involving the right eye. Ocular examination revealed conjunctivitis, a superficial corneal ulcer, reflex anterior uveitis and a haired mass within the dorsal cornea of the right eye. The mass was subsequently removed surgically via a lamellar keratectomy. Histologic evaluation of the mass via light microscopy revealed it to be comprised of normal-haired skin with mild inflammation. One week after surgical removal and medical management of the corneal ulcer, all ocular clinical signs had resolved with minimal corneal scarring. On re-examination 6 months following surgical excision of the mass, the kitten was noted to be comfortable with no significant corneal scarring.

Relevance and novel information

To our knowledge, this is the first case report of a dorsally located corneal dermoid in a cat.
The Neurological Sleep Index: A suite of new sleep scales for multiple sclerosis
Authors: Mills RJ , Tennant A , Young CA
Published: April 2016

Objective

The objective of this study was to develop patient-reported outcome measures for sleep dysfunction and sleepiness in multiple sclerosis (MS), since there are currently no MS-specific measurement tools for these clinically important entities.

Methods

Items were generated from semi-structured interviews followed by cognitive debrief. A 42-item pool was administered to patients with MS at three neuroscience centres in the UK. Comparator scales were co-administered. Constructs were validated by Rasch analysis, guided by initial exploratory factor analysis.

Results

There were two supraordinate qualitative themes of diurnal sleepiness and non-restorative nocturnal sleep. Rasch analysis on 722 records produced three scales, which corresponded to diurnal sleepiness, non-restorative nocturnal sleep and fragmented nocturnal sleep. All had excellent fit parameters, were unidimensional and were free from differential item functioning. A summed raw score cut-point of 31/48 in the Diurnal Sleepiness Scale equated to the standard cut-point of 10 on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS).

Conclusion

Three high-quality measurement scales were developed, and together they compose the Neurological Sleep Index for MS (NSI-MS). The Diurnal Sleepiness Scale might provide an alternative to the ESS. The Non-Restorative Nocturnal Sleep Scale and the Fragmented Nocturnal Sleep Scale appear to be the only such measures for use in MS.
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Queer Visibility Through Selfies: Comparing Platform Mediators Across Ruby Rose’s Instagram and Vine Presence
Authors: Duguay Stefanie
Published: April 2016

This article investigates the relationship between social media platforms and the production and dissemination of selfies in light of its implications for the visibility of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and queer (LGBTQ) people. Applying an Actor Network Theory lens, two popular visual media apps, Instagram and Vine, are examined through a comparative walkthrough method. This reveals platform elements, or mediators, that can influence the conversational capacity of selfies in terms of the following: range, the variety of discourses addressed within a selfie; reach, circulation within and across publics; and salience, the strength and clarity of discourses communicated through a selfie. These mediators are illustrated through LGBTQ celebrity Ruby Rose’s Instagram selfies and Vine videos. Instagram’s use expectations encourage selfies focused on mainstream discourses of normative beauty and conspicuous consumption with an emphasis on appearance, extending through features constraining selfies’ reach and salience. In contrast, Vine’s broader use expectations enable a variety of discourses to be communicated across publics with an emphasis on creative, first-person sharing. These findings are reflected in Rose’s Instagram selfies, which mute alternative discourses of gender and sexuality through desexualized and aesthetically appealing self-representations, while Vines display her personal side, enabling both LGBTQ and heterosexual, cisgender people to identify with her without minimizing non-normative aspects of her gender and sexuality. These findings demonstrate the relevance of platforms in shaping selfies’ conversational capacity, as mediators can influence whether selfies feature in conversations reinforcing dominant discourses or in counterpublic conversations, contributing to everyday activism that challenges normative gender and sexual discourses.
Family, Community, and Health System Considerations for Reducing the Burden of Pediatric Sickle Cell Disease in Uganda Through Newborn Screening
Authors: Green Nancy S. , Mathur Sanyukta , Kiguli Sarah , Makani Julie , Fashakin Victoria , LaRussa Philip , Lyimo Magdalena , Abrams Elaine J. , Mulumba Lukia , Mupere Ezekiel
Published: April 2016

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with high mortality for children under 5 years of age in sub-Saharan Africa. Newborn sickle screening program and enhanced capacity for SCD treatment are under development to reduce disease burden in Uganda and elsewhere in the region. Based on an international stakeholder meeting and a family-directed conference on SCD in Kampala in 2015, and interviews with parents, multinational experts, and other key informants, we describe health care, community, and family perspectives in support of these initiatives. Key stakeholder meetings, discussions, and interviews were held to understand perspectives of public health and multinational leadership, patients and families, as well as national progress, resource needs, medical and social barriers to program success, and resources leveraged from HIV/AIDS. Partnering with program leadership, professionals, patients and families, multinational stakeholders, and leveraging resources from existing programs are needed for building successful programs in Uganda and elsewhere in sub-Saharan Africa.
Adult hematopoietic stem cells lacking Hif-1α self-renew normally
Authors: Vukovic Milica , Sepulveda Catarina , Subramani Chithra , Guitart Amélie V. , Mohr Jasmine , Allen Lewis , Panagopoulou Theano I. , Paris Jasmin , Lawson Hannah , Villacreces Arnaud , Armesilla-Diaz Alejandro , Gezer Deniz , Holyoake Tessa L. , Ratcliffe Peter J. , Kranc Kamil R.
Published: April 2016

Key Points

Hif-1α is dispensable for cell-autonomous HSC survival. HSCs do not require intrinsic Hif-1α to respond to hematopoietic injury.
A computational method for designing diverse linear epitopes including citrullinated peptides with desired binding affinities to intravenous immunoglobulin
Authors: Patro Rob , Norel Raquel , Prill Robert J. , Saez-Rodriguez Julio , Lorenz Peter , Steinbeck Felix , Ziems Bjoern , Luštrek Mitja , Barbarini Nicola , Tiengo Alessandra , Bellazzi Riccardo , Thiesen Hans-Jürgen , Stolovitzky Gustavo , Kingsford Carl
Published: April 2016

Background

Understanding the interactions between antibodies and the linear epitopes that they recognize is an important task in the study of immunological diseases. We present a novel computational method for the design of linear epitopes of specified binding affinity to Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIg).

Results

We show that the method, called Pythia-design can accurately design peptides with both high-binding affinity and low binding affinity to IVIg. To show this, we experimentally constructed and tested the computationally constructed designs. We further show experimentally that these designed peptides are more accurate that those produced by a recent method for the same task. Pythia-design is based on combining random walks with an ensemble of probabilistic support vector machines (SVM) classifiers, and we show that it produces a diverse set of designed peptides, an important property to develop robust sets of candidates for construction. We show that by combining Pythia-design and the method of (PloS ONE 6(8):23616, 2011), we are able to produce an even more accurate collection of designed peptides. Analysis of the experimental validation of Pythia-design peptides indicates that binding of IVIg is favored by epitopes that contain trypthophan and cysteine.

Conclusions

Our method, Pythia-design, is able to generate a diverse set of binding and non-binding peptides, and its designs have been experimentally shown to be accurate.
Unstable cardiac injury complicated with septic shock—a challenge
Authors: Garg Neha , Soni Kapil Dev , Aggarwal Richa
Published: April 2016

Background

Road traffic accident accounts for 70 % to 80 % of the blunt cardiac injury. The true incidence varies in the literature due to non-uniform criteria for diagnosis.

Case Presentation

Here, we describe the case of a young male presenting after blunt chest injury and hemodynamic instability. Initially, the patient had frequent episodes of arrhythmias and hypotension due to cardiac injury per se. However, he was stabilized by day 2. Subsequently, patient developed cellulitis followed by septic shock and succumbed to cellulitis on day 5 of injury.

Conclusion

Sepsis is difficult to be diagnosed and treated in the presence of cardiac injury. Myocardial depression has been found in sepsis, which contributes as an added comorbidity in an already compromised heart function. Sepsis also interferes with the diagnosis and follow-up of progress of blunt cardiac injury.
Post-burn breast reconstruction using an artificial dermis—a long-term follow-up
Authors: Gronovich Yoav , Maisel Lotan Adi , Retchkiman Meir
Published: April 2016

Background

Full thickness burns of the chest in childhood are a devastating problem that requires challenging reconstructive options.

Integra is a bilaminate artificial dermis composed of shark chondroitin 6-sulfate and bovine collagen. The dermal matrix serves as a scaffold for fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Vascularization of the matrix begins after 2–3 weeks, and eventually, the matrix incorporates with the tissue to create a new dermis. The main advantage of the Integra is that the neodermis is of the same quality as a native dermis.

Case presentation

In this case report, we present post-burn breast reconstruction of a 12-year-old girl using Integra, with a long follow-up of 7 years. To the best of our knowledge, there is no published follow-up of breast development after reconstruction with Integra from its beginning point at the age of puberty until after the growing process has terminated.

Conclusions

Integra is a reliable reconstructive tool for burned breast. If done before puberty, it can help in getting normal developing tissue with satisfying esthetic results of size, shape and symmetry.
Transcranial direct current stimulation for acute major depressive episodes: Meta-analysis of individual patient data
Authors: Brunoni André R. , Moffa Adriano H. , Fregni Felipe , Palm Ulrich , Padberg Frank , Blumberger Daniel M. , Daskalakis Zafiris J. , Bennabi Djamila , Haffen Emmanuel , Alonzo Angelo , Loo Colleen K.
Published: April 2016

Background

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-pharmacological intervention for depression. It has mixed results, possibly caused by study heterogeneity.

Aims

To assess tDCS efficacy and to explore individual response predictors.

Method

Systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis.

Results

Data were gathered from six randomised sham-controlled trials, enrolling 289 patients. Active tDCS was significantly superior to sham for response (34% v. 19% respectively, odds ratio (OR) = 2.44, 95% CI 1.38–4.32, number needed to treat (NNT) = 7), remission (23.1% v. 12.7% respectively, OR = 2.38, 95% CI 1.22–4.64, NNT = 9) and depression improvement (B coefficient 0.35, 95% CI 0.12–0.57). Mixed-effects models showed that, after adjustment for other predictors and confounders, treatment-resistant depression and higher tDCS ‘doses' were, respectively, negatively and positively associated with tDCS efficacy.

Conclusions

The effect size of tDCS treatment was comparable with those reported for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and antidepressant drug treatment in primary care. The most important parameters for optimisation in future trials are depression refractoriness and tDCS dose.
Thinking that one's life was in danger: perceived life threat in individuals directly or indirectly exposed to terror
Authors: Heir Trond , Blix Ines , Knatten Charlotte K.
Published: April 2016

Background

Perceived life threat is associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Still, it is not known whether perceived threat may be important for PTSD in people indirectly exposed to trauma.

Aims

To examine the prevalence of perceived life threat and the association with PTSD in individuals directly or indirectly exposed to terror.

Method

Data are cross-sectional from a survey 10 months after the 2011 Oslo bombing. Perceived life threat was measured by the question: ‘How great do you think the danger was that you would die?’ scored on a five-point scale. PTSD was measured with the PTSD Checklist (PCL).

Results

The retrospective belief that one's life was in great or overwhelming danger was reported by 65% and 22% of employees who had been present or not present, respectively, at the site of the bomb explosion (n= 1923). A high perceived life threat was associated with PTSD among those present (odds ratio (OR) = 5.7, 95% CI 1.9–16.9) and not present (OR = 5.2. 95% CI 3.0–9.0), even after adjusting for objective exposure, demographics and neuroticism.

Conclusions

Perceived life threat may play a central role in the development and maintenance of PTSD in people directly as well as indirectly exposed to terror. Moderating perceptions of having been in serious danger may be an appropriate approach to the prevention and treatment of PTSD.
PARTICIPATION OF CITIZENS IN THE COURSE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: EXPERIENCE OF THE ACTIVE CITIZEN PROJECT
Authors: Белова  , Belova Larisa
Published: April 2016

In the article on the basis of the analysis of a tipologization of «civil participation»" of Sherry Arnstein the practice of civil management is described realized within the Active Citizen project. Possible prospects of civil partnership in acceptance and implementation of administrative decisions, and also barriers in the course of comanaging and realization of civil activity are analyzed.
THE INTEGRATIVE DEVELOPMENT: PROBLEMS AND THE WAY OF OVERCOMING
Authors: Грядунова  , Gryadunova Alina
Published: April 2016

The essence and content of integration cooperation between the countries are revealed in the article, key directions of development of international economic relations in modern conditions are discussed, the main stages of formation of integration structures are described. Some obstacles to the development of integration processes are presented, and ways to remove them are identified. The position of Russia in the current economic situation and its participation in world economic relations are analyzed. The reasons for the emergence of anti-Russian sentiment, as well as its impact on the global environment are shown. The principles of Eurasian integration are studied, their comparison with the European Union´s actions I done to assess the positive and negative aspects in order to clarify the future prospects. The conditions for favorable development of economic integration between countries with regard of creation models of macroeconomic integrity are shown.
TRENDS OF DEVELOPMENT OF BANKING SMALL BUSINESS CREDIT
Authors: Плахова  , Plakhova Marina , Долганова  , Dolganova Elena
Published: April 2016

The article provides the analysis of the current business environment in the country, a classification of the factors hampering the development of small business; the ways to adapt foreign experience of development of crediting of small business in the Russian conditions are presented. At present stage of development of small enterprises their activity is complicated by a number of problems, among which the problem of insufficiency of own financial resources deserves special attention and the difficulty of borrowing, which reduces the effectiveness and impact of the activity of small enterprises.

To identify the key small business lending trends in banks the study was conducted, which resulted in the conclusion that for the expansion of the volume of bank lending to small businesses in the Orel region and Russia it is necessary to increase the resource base of credit institutions (including the growth rate of equity capital) and investment attractiveness of lending. So the article identified the key trends in the development of bank lending to small businesses in the region and in the Russian Federation.
MODERNIZATION OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: FOREIGN EXPERIENCE
Authors: Матвеева  , Matveeva Ekaterina
Published: April 2016

Research of foreign experience of enforcing administrative reforms allows to reveal the primary directions of modernization, which laid the basis of changes in public sector of a number of the leading countries. Systematization of the given directions and their comparison to the directions of reforming of system of public administration in the Russian Federation allows to allocate the general and private elements, to prove priority of the realized actions, to formulate priorities and reference points.
FEATURES OF FORMATION OF THE YOUTH MOVEMENT IN PRE-REVOLUTIONARY RUSSIA
Authors: Матвеева  , Matveeva Evgeniya , Комарова  , Komarova Marina
Published: April 2016

The article reveals the fundamental questions of formation of the youth movement in pre-revolutionary Russia. The situation of young people, as the dual bio-social phenomenon has some specifics: defining the relationship between psycho-physical and social development. The methodological basis of the research served as the essential principles of the science of history, such as consistency, Historicism, interdisciplinary and scientific objectivity that allowed the author to consider studied facts and events in the dynamics and interactions. The authors brought the problems of youth movement in Russia´s socio-economic conditions of pre-revolutionary Russia, under which they should be seen as an integral part of social movements in General and at the same time as having a certain autonomy.
Macroeconomic forecast uncertainty in the euro area
Authors: Lopez-Perez Victor
Published: April 2016

This paper estimates aggregate measures of macroeconomic uncertainty from individual density forecasts by professional forecasters. The methodology used in the paper improves on the existing literature along two dimensions. Firstly, it controls for changes to the composition of the panel of respondents to the survey. And secondly, it assigns more weight to the information submitted by forecasters with better forecasting performance. Using data from the European Central Bank’s Survey of Professional Forecasters from 1999 Q1 to 2014 Q3, the paper finds that the effects of changes in the composition of the panel on aggregate uncertainty can be large in a statistical and economic sense. It also finds that the estimates of aggregate uncertainty that use performance-based weights differ significantly from the simple averages used in the literature and their dynamics are more consistent with the dynamics displayed by the estimates of uncertainty computed from financial indicators.
Treating seasonal allergic rhinitis in adolescents: Case study
Authors: Batt Rebecca
Published: April 2016

Seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) is a common disorder affecting up to 20% of the population ( Scadding et al, 2008 ). Symptoms include nasal irritation, sneezing, itching, rhinorrhoea and nasal blockage, which may be intermittent or persistent. These symptoms may lead to sleep disturbance, which adversely affects quality of life (QOL) and learning ability, and can contribute to a drop in grades in examinations taken in the summer months. An accurate diagnosis and optimal management of SAR is essential to minimise the effects of this common allergic disease on the individual. Allergic rhinitis (AR) is often ignored, misdiagnosed and mistreated. Undertreated AR impairs quality of life, exacerbates asthma and is a major factor in the development of asthma ( Scadding, 2015 ). This clinical case will focus on a teenager with SAR, and the immunological implications and therapeutic management of this disease will be discussed.
Non-functioning parathyroid adenoma: a rare differential diagnosis for vocal-cord paralysis
Authors: Kamali D , Sharpe A , Nagarajan S , Elsaify W
Published: April 2016

Introduction

Adenomas of the parathyroid gland typically present with symptoms of hyperparathyroidism, manifested by fatigue, bone pain, abdominal pain, weakness, dyspepsia, nephrolithiasis and skeletal bone disease. Here, we describe, for the first time, a case of a non-functioning benign tumour of the parathyroid gland presenting as vocal-cord paralysis.

Case History

A 49-year-old male presented with a 10-week history of dysphonia and the feeling of having ‘something stuck in my throat’. History-taking elicited no other associated symptoms. Flexible nasal endoscopy demonstrated paralysis of the left vocal cord. Computed tomography of the neck revealed a cystic lesion, 18mm in diameter adjacent to the oesophagus. After more rigorous tests, a neck exploration, left hemithyroidectomy, excision of the left paratracheal mass and level-VI neck dissection was undertaken, without incident to the patient or surgical team. Histology was consistent with a parathyroid adenoma.

Conclusions

This case emphasises the importance of including adenomatous disease of the parathyroid gland in the differential diagnosis despite normal parathyroid status as a cause of vocal cord palsy.
A politics of listening in Isabel Coixet’s Escuchando al juez Garzón (2011)
Authors: Hogan Erin K.
Published: April 2016

The coincidence of Baltasar Garzón’s recent trial, which evaluated the legality of certain investigations he conducted as Audiencia Nacional judge, and the bicentennial of La Pepa, Spain’s first though brief experiment in democratic constitutionalism, invite reflection on the state of democracy in Spain. This article on Catalonian director Isabel Coixet’s documentary primarily explores the practice of listening in the filmed interview of Garzón, Escuchando al juez Garzón (Coixet, 2011), and the relationship between listening and democracy that comes to light within the context of the commemoration of La Pepa concurrent to the trials that suspended Garzón from the bench for eleven years. This piece begins by drawing from the work of documentary scholar Bill Nichols and political scientist Susan Bickford, respectively, for its analysis of the voice of the documentary and the practice and promotion of democratic listening.
Reviews
Authors: Larson Jared D. , L-Quiñones Antonio Gómez , Wright Stephanie , Pozo Marta del
Published: April 2016

Iberian Modalities: A Relational Approach to the Study of Culture in the Iberian Peninsula, Joan Ramon Resina (ed.) (2013) Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 271 pp., ISBN: 9781846318337, h/bk, £75.00

Narrating War in Peace: The Spanish Civil War in the Transition and Today, Katherine Stafford (2015) New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 197 pp., ISBN: 9781137501493, h/bk, $95

Franquismo a ras de suelo: Zonas grises, apoyos sociales y actitudes durante la dictadura (1936–1976), Claudio Hernández Burgos (2013) Granada: Editorial Universidad de Granada, 447 pp., ISBN: 9788433855787, p/bk, £25.36

Cultures of Anyone: Studies on Cultural Democratization in the Spanish Neoliberal Crisis, Luis Moreno-Caballud (2015) Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 305 pp., ISBN: 9781781381939, h/bk, £75.00
Core elements, crime prevention policies and limitations of Agnew’s general theory of crime and delinquency
Authors: Eker Ahmet
Published: April 2016

Agnew has integrated and re-organized several leading criminological theories and results of empirical researches arguing that this new general theory has the capability of explaining all crime types. Effects of five life domains (self, family, peer, school and work) on individuals’ behaviors and decision making process have been explained in this theory. These five life domains encompass and affect whole lifespan of a person starting from the early childhood. These life domains not only affect individuals but also have mutual effect on each other. In addition, several external factors have effects on individuals, and in order to commit crimes, these external factors should interact with other variables (biological factors, family, school, etc.). If these life domains and other external factors have negative effects on individuals, the probability of offending will increase. On the other hand, if they provide positive support, their effects will protect individuals from engaging in crime. Additionally, this theory tries to explain the reasons why some individuals engage in criminal behaviors while others do not even though they share the same environments. Prior crime has been found one of the strongest factors that cause subsequent crimes. The core elements, variables that cause crime, crime prevention policies, and limitations of this theory are analyzed in this paper.     ÖzetAgnew birçok önemli teoriyi ve bilimsel çalışmaların sonuçlarını birleştirerek ve yeniden organize ederek tüm suçları açıkladığını iddia ettiği kapsamlı bir genel suç teorisi yazmıştır. Bu teoride suça doğruca etki eden beş farklı yaşam alanının (bireyin kendisi, aile, arkadaş, okul ve iş) bireyin karar verme sürecine ve davranışlarına olan etkileri anlatılmıştır. Bu beş yaşam alanı bireylerin çocukluk yıllarından başlayarak tüm yaşantısını kaplamakta ve etkilemektedir. Yaşam alanları sadece bireyi etkilememekte aynı zamanda birbirlerini de etkilemektedirler. Bunlara ilaveten, diğer harici birçok faktörün bireyler üzerinde etkili olduğunu ve suçun oluşabilmesi için bu faktörlerin diğer faktörler ile (biyolojik faktörler, aile, okul, vb.) beraber mevcut olması ve etkileşime geçmesi gerektiği iddia edilmiştir.  Bu yaşam alanları ve diğer faktörler bireye negatif etki yaptıklarında suç işleme ihtimalinin artacağı, öte yandan pozitif destek sağlıyorlarsa suçtan koruyucu etki yapacakları belirtilmiştir. Ayrıca, aynı koşullarda yaşayan bireylerin suç işleme veya işlememe konusunda sergiledikleri farklı davranışların sebepleri anlatılmıştır. Önceki suçların daha sonra suç işlemeye çok büyük etkisinin olduğu bulunmuştur.  Bu makalede bu teorinin temel argümanları, suça neden olan faktörler, suç önleme önerileri ve bu teoriye getirilen eleştiriler incelenmiştir.
Consequences of child maltreatment in society and implementation of new prevention policies
Authors: Kargin Vedat
Published: April 2016

Child maltreatment is a global societal concern with serious consequences for all the nations. While severe child maltreatment catches the attention of child protection services and is brought up to the courts for punishment, there are hidden forms of abuse that are difficult to notice and hence, the predators of such offenses continue to violate the innocence of children over a long period of time. Turkey has to work twice as hard on this issue not only because of the structure of the child protection agencies but also because of the policies and strategies that are in need of revising so that the abusers will get the punishment that they deserve. In order to prevent child abuse it is vital to have parent education programs. This is simply because in our society parents usually see “spare the rod and spoil the child” as a philosophy in the child’s upbringing. If the child is abused at home or by close relatives, a place of intervention might be the school environment. At child at school might exhibit aggressive behaviors or signs of abuse that should alert teachers and school administrators that abuse has taken place. If the educators suspect of abuse they should contact legal authorities to take legal action. Having an informed staff in school is only possible by having a school based intervention program. If the aim is to stop the abuse before it happens then the programs discussed in this paper is definitely a huge leap in the right direction.
Banco de sementes do solo de sítios de Caatinga sob influência do Projeto de Integração do Rio São Francisco
Authors: Fabricante Juliano Ricardo , Araújo Kelianne C. T. , Castro Raphaela A. , Cotarelli Vinícius M.
Published: April 2016

O estudo do banco de sementes (BS) pode ser utilizado como uma importante ferramenta para ponderar sobre o estado de conservação de espécies vegetais e de seus ambientes. Assim, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar o BS de sítios de Caatinga sob influência das obras do Projeto de Integração do Rio São Francisco com as Bacias Hidrográficas do Nordeste Setentrional (PISF). A área de estudo localizada em Sertânia, PE, foi dividida em três ambientes: Ambiente 1 – sítio de Caatinga alterado pelas obras do PISF; Ambiente 2 – borda do fragmento de Caatinga; Ambiente 3 – interior do fragmento de Caatinga. A coleta dos solos foi feita em unidades amostrais de 20 x 20 cm, totalizando 20 amostras por ambiente. A avaliação do banco de sementes foi realizada pelo método de emergência de plântulas. Ao todo foram registradas 63 espécies, sendo 17 no Ambiente 1, 43 no Ambiente 2 e 44 no Ambiente 3. As desigualdades entre os ambientes observadas nesse estudo parecem ser reflexo direto das diferenças biofísicas existentes entre os sítios. Conclui-se que o BS dos sítios estudados apresenta diferenças significativas entre si na abundância e diversidade de espécies, especialmente em razão da grande quantidade de propágulos de espécies exóticas invasoras.
Zur Usability von anbieterunabhängigen Metasuchoberflächen für die Fachinformationsrecherche im Invisible Web -
Authors: Heinisch Christian
Published: April 2016

„invisible" werden diejenigen Informationen im Internet genannt, die sich hinter den Eingabemasken zu strukturierten, oft kostenpflichtigen Datenbanken verbergen. Sich im Rahmen einer Recherche sequentiell durch die unterschiedlichen Suchoberflächen durchzuarbeiten ist weder effizient noch benutzerfreundlich. Die Effizienz der Fachinformationsrecherche kann durch den Einsatz von anbieterunabhängigen Metasuchoberflächen jedoch erheblich gesteigert werden. Die Usability einer Metasuchoberfläche für die parallele Recherche in heterogenen Fachinformationsdatenbanken bemisst sich an der Einfachheit und Intuitivität der Bedienung und der Vermeidung von Informationsüberflutung. Der Aufsatz diskutiert die Usability und Effizienz von Metasuchoberflächen für die parallele Recherche an fünf typischen Herausforderungen.
Modellbildung und Vergleich von linearen und nichtlinearen Regelungskonzepten für Drei-Wege-Abgaskatalysatoren
Authors: Stanchev Radoy , Konigorski Ulrich , Votsmeier Martin
Published: April 2016

In diesem Beitrag wird eine neue Methodik zum Erstellen von Zustandsraummodellen aus physikochemischen Katalysatormodellen
vorgestellt und verallgemeinert. Basierend auf dem resultierenden Zustandsraummodell des Katalysators wird eine
systemtheoretische Analyse durchgeführt. Lineare und nichtlineare Regelungskonzepte zur Minimierung der
Schadstoffemissionen werden entworfen und ihre spezifischen Vor- und Nachteile diskutiert.