bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pyrolysis-derived waste polypropylene oils in gas turbine engines: a comprehensive performance and emission study
Authors: Suchocki Tomasz Kacper , Kazimierski Paweł , Januszewicz Katarzyna , Lampart Piotr , Zaniewski Dawid , Klimaszewski Piotr , Witanowski Łukasz
Published: May 2024

Addressing the burgeoning issue of polymer waste management and disposal, chemical recycling, specifically the production of highquality oil, presents an enticing solution. This research paper delves into the process of plastic waste pyrolysis, focusing on polypropylene, and thoroughly examines the physico-chemical properties of the resulting pyrolytic oil. The oils, obtained from waste plastic pyrolysis (referred to as WPPO), are then blended with kerosene and utilized as fuel for a gas turbine engine. The primary objective of this investigation is to ascertain how the blend composition influences the performance and emission parameters of the micro gas turbine. In our findings, it was observed that all tested waste plastic pyrolysis blends displayed a trend towards escalating regulated emissions such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) with an average increase of 26% for polypropylene pyrolysis oil (PPO). The emission index (EI) for carbon monoxide (CO) was found to be relatively consistent across all fuel blends tested in this study. Interestingly, when considering the thrust specific fuel consumption (TSFC) within the EI calculation, blends of aviation kerosene and plastic oil showed lower values in comparison to the pure Jet A-1 fuel. Furthermore, an augmentation in the proportion of WPPO in the blends consequently led to an elevation in the exhaust gas temperature (an average increase of 8.7% for PPO). Interestingly, the fuel efficiency of the Jet engine, expressed as TSFC, demonstrated a decrease, with an average reduction of 13.8% observed for PPO.
On a Carnot working continuum with non-equilibrium state parameters
Authors: Ochrymiuk Tomasz , Dudda Waldemar , Badur Janusz
Published: May 2024

We explain that a full description of how the non-equilibrium state of the system evolves in time requires the consideration and solution of its general equation of motion. In the case of the Carnot medium, as a general equation of motion, there must be taken two balances of: nonequilibrium specific volume and non-equilibrium specific entropy. Instead of taking the classical approach where the balance of entropy is postponed to more advanced and theoretical treatments, we focus on the analysis of two, most general, volume and entropy fluxes. These fluxes of motion are universal features of thermodynamics. It has been shown that the Carnot working continuum mathematical model is captured by the two general nonmathematical statements valid for all systems that we call the first law and the second law of thermodynamics.
Adiabatic gas transport in the long flow channels
Authors: Rup Kazimierz , Sobota Tomasz
Published: May 2024

The paper present the determination of the state parameters of natural gas at the pipeline inlet based on knowledge of the pressure and temperature at the receiving point. Natural gas transport will be carried out through an offshore section of a transmission pipeline. The equations of the Fanno flow model will be used to describe the thermodynamic parameters of the gas in the flow lines. The mathematical equations of the flow mentioned above models have been derived from an analysis of the mass, energy and momentum balance equations. They also take into account the viscous friction forces in the transported gas. Based on the carried out calculations, changes in the Mach number, pressure and velocity of methane transported along the analysed pipeline were determined. In addition, the total entropy gain in the analysed methane flow was determined. The novelty of the calculations presented is the use of the Fanno flow model, which considers a realistic adiabatic gas flow. This is in contrast to the isothermal flow model, which assumes an unchanging temperature of the transported gas. In the case under consideration, the adopting model was possible because of the similar temperature values of the gas flowing in the pipeline and the corresponding temperature values of the surrounding seawater. The fundamental advantage of the Fanno flow model is that it satisfies the mass balance of the flowing gas in each cross-section. Thus, the product of the velocity and density of the gas in a pipeline of constant diameter assumes a constant value.
An approach to coupling the gas flow dynamics and thermodynamics of hydrogen solubility in L485ME steel grade for estimation of fracture toughness
Authors: Witek Maciej , Uilhoorn Ferdinand
Published: May 2024

The paper presents the problem of coupling the gas flow dynamics in pipelines with the thermodynamics of hydrogen solubility in steel for the estimation of the fracture toughness. In particular, the influence of hydrogen blended natural gas transmission on hydrogen solubility and, consequently, on fracture toughness is investigated with a focus on the L485ME low-alloy steel grade. Hydraulic simulations are conducted to obtain the pressure and temperature conditions in the pipeline. The hydrogen content is calculated from Sievert’s law and, as a consequence, the fracture toughness of the base metal and heat-affected zone is estimated. Experimental data is used to define hydrogen-assisted crack size propagation in steel as well as to a plane strain fracture toughness. The simulations are conducted for a real natural gas transmission system and compared against the threshold stress intensity factor. The results showed that the computed fracture toughness for the heat-affected zone significantly decreases for all natural gas and hydrogen blends. The applied methodology allows for identification of the hydrogen-induced embrittlement susceptibility of pipelines constructed from thermomechanically rolled tubes worldwide most commonly used for gas transmission networks in the last few decades.
Authors: Samidya N. W. R. , Wibawa A. A. C. , Pramitha D. A. I.
Published: May 2024

Ketegangan otot adalah kondisi ketika otot yang kaku dikarenakan otot menerima impuls secara terus menerus. Pada seluruh sel otot, kontraksi bergantung pada peningkatan konsentrasi ion kalsium. Sebagian besar kalsium tubuh terikat pada albumin, sehingga reseptor yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Human Serum Albumin (HSA) yang dapat bertindak sebagai pembawa obat yang efektif. Senyawa uji yang digunakan adalah piperin dan kariofilen, merupakan senyawa yang terdapat dalam tumbuhan cabai jawa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh kandidat senyawa baru yang berpotensi sebagai muscle relaxant dengan protein target HSA sebelum diuji secara in vivo.  Analisis in silico dengan molecular docking menggunakan kode PDB 2BXB, dilakukan dengan mengoptimalkan struktur dua dan tiga dimensi, validasi terhadap metode docking, docking senyawa uji dengan pembanding eperison hidroklorida, serta melakukan prediksi profil farmakokinetik. Hasil docking dari senyawa piperin dan kariofilen secara berturut-turut memiliki energi bebas ikatan -6,92 kkal/mol dan -6,74 kkal/mol, sedangkan eperison hidroklorida sebesar -6,77 kkal/mol. Kesimpulannya senyawa piperin dan kariofilen berpotensi menjadi kandidat senyawa baru yang memiliki aktivitas sebagai muscle relaxant.
Kata kunci:   human serum albumin, in silico, kariofilen, muscle relaxant, piperin.
ABSTRACT
                   Muscle tension is a condition when muscles become stiff as the muscles continuously receive impulses. In all muscle cells, contraction depends on an increasing concentration of calcium ions. Most of the body's calcium is bound to albumin; therefore, the receptor in this study is Human Serum Albumin (HSA), which can act as an effective drug carrier. The compounds used were piperine and caryophyllene, which were found in cabai jawa (Javanese chillie) plants. This study aimed to obtain new compound candidates with potential as muscle relaxants targeting HSA protein prior to in vivo. The analysis of in silico by molecular docking using PDB code 2BXB was carried out by optimizing two-dimensional and three-dimensional structures, validating the docking method, carrying out docking compound tests with eperisone hydrochloride as a comparison and predicting pharmacokinetic profiles. The docking results of the piperine and caryophyllene compounds had binding free energy of -6.92 kcal/mol and -6.74 kcal/mol respectively; while the eperisone hydrochloride was -6.77 kcal/mol. In conclusion, the piperine and caryophyllene compounds are the potential to be used as candidates for muscle relaxants. 
Keywords: caryophyllene, human serum albumin, in silico, muscle relaxant, piperine.
Authors: Manurung M. , Hartanto S. B. , Manuaba I. B. P.
Published: May 2024

Arang aktif merupakan material unik sebab mampu menjerap ion positif, negatif, dan netral dengan baik. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mempelajari adsorpsi congo red menggunakan arang bambu tabah, tanpa aktivasi dan dengan aktivasi. Penelitian dimulai dengan membuat arang bambu tabah secara pirolisis. Sebagian arang diaktivasi dengan ZnCl2 secara impregnasi, sehingga didapatkan arang aktif. Arang tanpa aktivasi dan teraktivasi dikarakterisasi gugus fungsinya. Kapasitas adsorpsi masing-masing adsorben juga diukur setelah mengoptimasi beberapa parameter adsorpsi seperti waktu kontak, jumlah massa adsorben, pH larutan, dan suhu. AB2 yaitu arang teraktivasi, memiliki kemampuan terbaik dalam mengadorpsi congo red dengan nilai kapasitas adsoprsi sebesar 64,472 mg/g, waktu kontak 120 menit, massa adsorben 0,1 g, suhu 30 oC dan pH 2. Kapasitas adsorpsi AB0, AB1, dan AB2 secara berturut-turut adalah 31,137; 61,855; dan 64,472 mg/g. Arang bambu tabah memiliki potensi yang baik untuk menjerap congo red dari larutan.
Kata kunci:   Adsorpsi, Arang Aktif, Bambu Tabah, Congo Red
ABSTRACT
              
       Activated charcoal is a unique material because it can absorb positive, negative, and neutral ions well. This research aimed to study the adsorption of Congo red by using inactivated and activated Tabah bamboo charcoals. The research began by preparing Tabah bamboo charcoal using pyrolysis. Some charcoal was activated with ZnCl2, by impregnation to obtain activated charcoal. The functional groups of inactivated and activated charcoal were characterized. The adsorption capacity of each adsorbent was also measured after optimizing several adsorption parameters such as contact time, adsorbent mass amount, solution pH, and temperature. AB2, namely activated charcoal, had the best ability to adsorb Congo red with an adsorption capacity value of 64.472 mg/g, contact time of 120 minutes, adsorbent mass of 0.1g, temperature of 30 ?, and pH 2. The adsorption capacities of AB0, AB1, and AB2 are respectively 31,137; 61,855; and 64.472 mg/g. Tabah bamboo charcoal has good potential to absorb congo red from the solution.
Keywords: Activated Charcoal, Adsorption, Congo Red, Tabah Bamboo
IDENTIFIKASI JAMUR ENDOFIT YANG BERASOSIASI DENGAN DAUN JERUK LIMAU Citrus x amblycarpa (Hassk.) OCHSE DI KEBUN KALPATARU, DENPASAR, BALI
Authors: Nurfitri Riswara , Hardini Junita , Muksin I Ketut
Published: May 2024

Endophytic fungi are fungi that live and associate in host plants and have the potential to produce secondary metabolites that are the same as their host.  Utilization of endophytic fungi as a solution reduces the use of a lot of biomass to produce the desired secondary metabolites.  This study aims to explore and identify endophytic fungi found on lime leaves obtained from Kalpataru plantation, Denpasar, Bali.  Endophytic fungi were isolated from samples of young and mature leaves that were fresh, not wilted or yellow, and disease free.  Fungal isolation was carried out by direct planting method on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media at room temperature (27oC), and the incubation time was 3-7 days.  Re-isolation was carried out to obtain pure cultures, then the endophytic fungi were identified by observing the morphological characters macroscopically and microscopically, then compared with identification books.  The results obtained were eight isolates, and six isolates were identified belonging to the genera Fusarium, Colletotrichum, Aspergillus, Penicillium, and 2 isolates were not identified (sterile mycelia).  Endophytic fungi found on young leaves, namely Aspergillus and Colletotrichum, on mature leaves, namely Fusarium, Aspergillus, and Penicillium.
Keywords: endophytic fungi, lime, sterile mycelia, PDA
ГОРОДА КРЫМА XIII-XV ВЕКОВ И НЕКОТОРЫЕ ЧЕРТЫ ИХ ИСТОРИКО-КУЛЬТУРНОЙ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ
Authors: Мыц Виктор Леонидович
Published: May 2024

После завоевания Крыма монголами (1223–1278 гг.) на территории полуострова сложились благоприятные условия для формирования новых городских структур. Ввиду того, что в XIII–XV вв. через Крым проходили трансконтинентальные торговые артерии, связывавшие Восток и Запад, Север и Юг, здесь отмечено взаимодействие трёх цивилизационных парадигм: поздневизантийской, золотоордынской и лигурийской, представленных тремя формами государственных образований. Несмотря на традиционную для средневекового городского населения полуострова полиэтничность и поликонфессиональность, они обладали существенными различиями. Наиболее чёткими отличительными признаками являлись градостроительная структура, архитектурный характер гражданских, культовых, фортификационных и жилых строений. Основными городами полуострова являлись поздневизантийские Херсон и Феодоро, золотоордынский Солхат и генуэзская Каффа. Несмотря на длительное изучение и обилие публикаций, современная историография средневекового Крыма лишена работ монографического характера, посвящённых Феодоро, Солхату, Сугдее, Каффе и др.
Implementation of Chse Certificate for Tourism Object Management in Banyumas (Halal Tourism Perspective)
Authors: Syufa'at  , Mutaqin Enjen Zaenal , Dharin Abu , Mutholaah
Published: May 2024

Objective: The aim of this research is to analyze regulations set by the Minister of Tourism and the creative industry for managers of tourism, hospitality, culinary, cafes, entertainment venues, and Tourism Villages to have Clenleness (Cleanliness), Health (Health), Safety (Safety), and Environmental Sustainability certificates.
 
Theoretical Framework: The regulations set by the Minister of Tourism and the creative industry for managers of tourism, hotels, culinary, cafes, entertainment venues, and tourism villages to have Cleanliness, Health, Safety, and Environmental Sustainability certificates (CHSE) provides a guarantee (Cuarent) for consumers in terms of Clean, Beautiful, Safe, and Safe.
 
Method: I used a qualitative approach in this field research in presenting and analysis the data. The subjects are authorities in board of culture and tourism (DINPORABUDPAR) of the Banyumas Regency and managers of 5 (five) tourist objects. I did pre-research to determine the integration of the value of halal tourism to the CHSE certificate in the management of tourism objects in Banyumas. I have conducted observation, interviews, and documentation to collecting the data. Further, I investigated about the potential and matters related to the implementation of the CHSE certificate in Banyumas.
 
Results and Discussion: This study found that the CHSE certificate has been implemented in four tourism objects in Banyumas. Meanwhile, one of them (Maskumambang) is in the submission stage. Why is a CHSE certificate significant, because it can increase the competitiveness of tourist objects and can describe the readiness of tourism objects in welcoming tourists. In developing halal tourism, the Banyumas government must have the political will, the application of halal industry regulations, the provision of infrastructure and facilities, the provision of human resources, and sufficient budget allocation. Overall, the tourism infrastructure managed by the Banyumas district government has partially met the requirements for halal tourism.
 
Research Implications: the research findings highlight the importance of implementing CHSE certificates and integrating halal tourism values in tourism management in Banyumas Regency to enhance competitiveness, meet consumer expectations, and promote sustainable and inclusive tourism practices.
 
Originality/Value: The originality and value of the research lie in its unique focus on integrating halal tourism values with CHSE certification, promoting government collaboration, enhancing competitiveness and consumer assurance, emphasizing sustainability and cultural sensitivity, and providing practical implications for tourism management in Banyumas Regency
Struktura i organizacja cyberwywiadu Izraela – modelem dla polskich cyberwojsk?
Authors:   Centrum Kształcenia Ustawicznego Bezpieczeństwo Informacji, Jędrzejewski Maciej
Published: May 2024

The development of information technology at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries opened up acompletely new dimension of conflicts, including international ones: cyberspace. Fighting in cyberspace has become an everyday problem for the services responsible for state security. Encouraging IT-talented youth to join the Cyberspace Defence Forces is becoming avery big problem. Acareer in the army is neither financially nor prestigiously attractive compared to the alternative development paths offered by the private sector. The article is the answer to the question: “To what extent will the implementation of the cyber defence model of the state of Israel in the Polish army provide the personnel needed to defend our cyberspace?”
The study of marketing opportunities for the use of the raw material of feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L.) in the pharmacotherapy of musculoskeletal system diseases
Authors: Yevtushenko O. M. , Ruban O. A. , Velia M. I. , Kovalevska I. V.
Published: May 2024

Aim. To form a modern idea of the market structure and trends in the consumption of drugs for the pharmacotherapy of rheumatoid arthritis, to determine the possible potential for use of plant raw material of feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium).
Materials and methods. The study was conducted using the structural analysis, logical and graphical methods, and marketing analysis methods.
Results. It was found that in the pre-war period the market for drugs affecting the musculoskeletal system developed quite vigorously – its growth rate in the period of 2020-2021 ranged from 16 to 29 % in natural units and from 20 to 30 % in monetary terms. According to the structure of producing countries, the market was significantly import-dependent. The market for synthetic drugs was quite saturated, represented by various dosage forms – tablets, powder for suspension, injection solutions (ampoules), granules, capsules, sachets, alcohol solutions, oil solutions, suppositories, oral suspensions, transdermal patches, gels, ointments. The research was conducted taking into account the study of marketing opportunities for the use of the raw material of Tanacetum parthenium in the pharmacotherapy of diseases of the musculoskeletal system since this raw material had certain advantages compared to synthetic analogs. It should be noted that the market of herbal medicines for the treatment of the musculoskeletal system diseases or the prevention of their manifestations is very limited and is represented by a minimum number of product items and one representative of the medicinal flora – Symphytum officinale. In addition, 90 % of the market for this group of drugs belongs to foreign manufacturers. Although research of the market for biological supplements indicates a certain demand for products based on the medicinal plant raw material.
Conclusions. Based on the trends identified, we can state the positive development of the market for drugs that affect the musculoskeletal system, the prospects for the development of drugs based on the medicinal plant raw material, including Tanacetum parthenium.
The analysis of affordability of medicines with the capillary stabilizing effect in Ukraine
Authors: Yaroshenko A. O. , Shpychak O. S. , Nazarkina V. M. , Yakushchenko V. A. , Buryak M. V.
Published: May 2024

Aim. To analyze the range, price dynamics and affordability indicators of capillary stabilizing medicines at the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine for the period of 2020-2023.
Materials and methods. The study object was the indicators of price and consumption of medicines in the group “Angioprotectors” (ATC code C05) within 2020-2023. To analyze the availability of drugs with the capillary stabilizing action presented at the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine, data from the State Register of Medicines of Ukraine, on-line Compendium, as well as data from the drug market research of the “Proxima Research” system, such online resources as Apteki.ua, Tabletki.ua, Liky-control were used. To process the information, we used modern methods of analysis, in particular generalization and systematization of information, comparison and methods of mathematical and statistical calculations.
Results. According to the results of the structural analysis of the range of capillary stabilizing medicines in groups C05C A “Bioflavonoids” and C05C X “Other capillary stabilizing medicines”, it was determined that 10 INNs of medicines were registered at the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine. Most of the medicines in the study group (57%) were of domestic production. The medicines analyzed were presented in 9 dosage forms; among them tablets, capsules and gels predominated. Individual and aggregate price indices (PI) for group C05C were calculated, they were: PI 2021/2020 = 1.10, PI 2022/2021 = 1.15, PI 2023/2022 = 1.20. In general, during the study period, price increases were observed by about 50 %, and up to 80 % for individual items. An internal referencing of prices for capillary stabilizing medicines was conducted by 9 reference groups. Prices for medicines in the form of gels and ointments were compared for primary packaging, and for tablets and capsules – per unit of dosage form. The minimum, maximum and average prices in each group and for individual trade names were determined. The analysis of price liquidity indicators (Cliq) showed that most medicines had Cliq in the range from 0.0 to 0.5 or were slightly higher. Corvitin® (BCPP, Ukraine) had the highest solvency adequacy index Ca.s = 0.064. For other medicines of the study group in the form of tablets, capsules, and gels, Ca.s ranged from 0.001 to 0.03.
Conclusions. The analysis of the structure of the range of capillary stabilizing medicines at the Ukrainian pharmaceutical market within 2020-2023 has been performed. The indicators characterizing the price situation of these medicines and their affordability for patients have been calculated. According to the results of the study conducted, the indicators of the price liquidity and adequacy of solvency of medicines in this group are in the range of sufficiently high affordability throughout the period analyzed.
The study of the level of awareness of pharmacists on vaccination against human papillomavirus and the role of pharmacists in the prevention of cervical cancer
Authors: Kotvitska A. A. , Volkova A. V. , Korzh Iu. V. , Ovakimian O. S. , Tereschenko L. V. , Shabratska D. E.
Published: May 2024

Aim. To study the awareness of pharmacists about vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) and the role of pharmacists in the prevention of cervical cancer.
Materials and methods. The results of a survey of pharmacists on vaccination against HPV and the role of pharmacists in the prevention of cervical cancer are presented. The data analysis is accompanied by the use of systematic, sociological (questionnaire survey) analysis, comparison and generalization.
Results. A pharmacist plays an important role in providing information to the public about human papillomavirus, vaccination against human papillomavirus and the risk of cervical cancer. According to the results of the survey, it has been determined that the majority of respondents consider it appropriate for pharmacists to participate in programs that will help to raise public awareness about the human papillomavirus, the importance of HPV vaccination and the risk of cervical cancer. However, only about 20 % of doctors provide this information to their patients, while almost 80 % do not. Low information awareness of the population has been identified as a key factor affecting vaccination readiness.
Conclusions. Based on the analysis, it has been found an insufficient level of knowledge about human papillomavirus among pharmacists to inform the population, as well as a lack of willingness to participate in activities aimed at raising public awareness about vaccination against papillomavirus.
Problems of creating an effective system of health technology assessment at the early stages of the drug life cycle
Authors: Nazarkina V. M. , Nemchenko A. S. , Podolsky I. M. , Babenko M. M. , Koba T. M.
Published: May 2024

Aim. To study modern approaches to the formation and functioning of the Horizon Scanning (HS) system and early health technology assessment (HTА), in particular, for the treatment of rare diseases with significant unmet medical needs.
Materials and methods. The analysis, systematization and synthesis of data from scientific publications, analytical reports, guidelines, information from official websites of regulatory authorities, HTА and HS agencies were used.
Results. The analysis of the theoretical foundations and regulatory support for the processes of forming an effective HS system at the early stages of the life cycle has been performed. HS systems, the so-called “early awareness and alert systems”, are aimed at identifying, filtering and prioritizing new and innovative technologies with a significant predicted impact on health, costs, society and the healthcare system in order to inform policy makers, purchasers and healthcare providers or improve early access. The HS system allows for proactive planning and decision-making on the use and reimbursement of new medicines based on preliminary assessments of budgetary impact and clinical efficacy.
Conclusions. For the national HTA system, which currently is at the stage of development, it is important to adapt positive international experience in this area and provide functionality for HS, early assessment, early dialogue, managed access with the development of the evidence base. It is advisable to apply the “light” model and join the international cooperation in this area.
Assessment of the Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity, and In-vitro Cytotoxic Effects of Begonia malabarica on Pancreatic Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Sakthivadivel Selvanayahi , Arumugam Sabaridasan , Murugan Muralidharan , Ramaiah Soranam
Published: May 2024

The study assesses the biological properties of methanolic extracts derived from the leaves, stems, and roots of Begonia malabarica, a native plant species in the mountainous area of southern India. The GC-MS was used to analyze the phytochemicals in the solvent from Begonia malabarica that had been extracted with methanol. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and as reference solution is ascorbic acid. The cytotoxicity activity was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) approach. The GC-MS analysis effectively revealed 35 distinctive phytomolecules. The primary constituents, namely tert-butylbenzene (23%), 2-methylnaphthalene (6.2%), ethyl ester of octadecanoic acid (0.9%), and (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid (0.9%), are noted. The results, the methanolic extracts from B. malabarica are antioxidants that have significant levels (P < 0.05) of DPPH radical scavenging activities at different doses. The detected radical scavenging activities exhibited a higher proportion in the stem of B. malabarica. The IC50 values for the methanolic extracts were found to be 0.77 mg/ml, 0.49 mg/ml, and 0.68 mg/ml, respectively. The MTT analysis demonstrated that the methanolic extracts exhibited a considerable increase in cytotoxic activity against the pancreatic cancer (PANC-1) cell line, resulting in a cell viability percentage of 69.63% at a concentration of 31.25µg/ml. These findings confirm the possible biological effects of B. malabarica and its prospective use in different pharmaceutical pursuits in the future.
دور الأستثمار الخاص في تطوير قطاع التعليم العالي الأهلي في اقليم كوردستان-العراق للمدة (2008-2020 ) (مدينة دهوك انموذجآ)
Authors: Khalid Hamid Qudrat , Mohamed Ismail Brefkany Ahmed
Published: May 2024

أصبح  الاستثمار الخاص في قطاع التعليم بشكل عام ظاهرة اقتصادية، وذلك لما له من مكانة هامة بين أولويات الاستثمار، ويجب أن يوجه إليه ما يكفي من مخصصات في ميزانية الدولة، ويجب مراعاة عدالة توزيع الاستثمار في التعليم بين مختلف فئات المجتمع، وكذلك بين مختلف مسارات وجهات ومستويات التعليم، لهذا يجب أن يكون التخطيط العلمي هو المنهاج الذي يهيمن على آليات تحقيق الأهداف المرجوة في حدود الإمكانيات المتاحة من خلال تحديد الأولويات. ولذلك تهدف الدراسة الى دراسة دور الاستثمار الخاص في التعليم العالي الاهلي في إقليم كوردستان العراق و بيان تجربة دهوك للاستثمار الخاص في مجال التعليم العالي الأهلي وبيان التطور مؤسسات التعليم العالي فيها للمدة (2008-2020)، ولتحقيق هدف هذه الدراسة، تم تقسيمها الى محورين، المحور الاول يتناول الاطار المفاهيمي للاستثمار ، والاستثمار الخاص الى جانب الدراسات السابقة، إضافة الى بيان واقع  التعليم العالي الحكومي و الأهلي في اقليم كوردستان، من خلال التطرق الى مفهوم التعليم والتعليم العالي وخصصة التعليم  العالي (الأشكالية و مبررات دخول  قطاع الاستثمار الخاص فيه) إضافة الى بيان واقع  و تطور التعليم العالي الحكومي والأهلي في اقليم كوردستان العراق، في حين أن المحور الثاني خصص للجانب التطبيقي، والذي يتناول دور الاستثمار الخاص في تطوير قطاع التعليم العالي الاهلي في مدينة دهوك للمدة 2008-2020، وذلك من خلال التطرق الى واقع و تطور الاستثمار الخاص في تطوير قطاع التعليم العالي الاهلي في مدينة دهوك للمدة 2008-2020، واظهار المزايا  والمشاكل الاقتصادية للتعليم العالي الأهلي، والتحديات التي تواجه الاستثمار في مدينة دهوك وسبل معالجتها،  وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات منها : تم اثبات فرضية البحث أن الاستثمار الخاص  له دور معنوي في تطوير قطاع  التعليم الجامعي الأهلي في مدينة دهوك. تبين بأن الاستثمار يعد من الاولويات الرئيسية التي توليها الدول و الحكومات اهمية بالغة في برامجها بقصد  تحقيق التنمية   و من ثم تحقيق الرفاهية و الرفع من مستوى معيشة الأفراد . وكذلك ان زيادة الاستثمار في التعليم العالي الأهلي حيث أزداد عدد مؤسسات قطاع التعليم الخاص الأهلية   إلى اكثر من (33) مؤسسة من الجامعات و المعاهد في إقليم كوردستان و هي بذلك تفوق الزيادة في المؤسسات الحكومية و نجد منها (3) جامعات و معهدين الأهلي في مدينة دهوك، في حين تحتض دهوك جامعتين حكومية منذ 1992 لحد الان و معهد فني واحد.  واختتمت الدراسة بمجموعة من المقترحات منها : ضرورة القيام بإجراء دراسات و بحوث مستقبلاّّّ في مجال التعليم العالي الأهلي في اقليم كوردستان كونه يمثل جزءاً لا بأس به في حل مشكلة الطلبة الغير مقبولين في التعليم الحكومي من جهة وتوفير فرص عمل للتدريسين الغير معينين على الملاك الحكومي.  وضع شرط قيام المستثمر الاجنبي او المحلي بتدريب الكوادر الوطنية العاملة في المشاريع الاستثمارية الخاصة في التعليم العالي وذلك لسد نقص في الكوادر الماهرة.
Identifikasi Potensi Daerah Rawan Banjir Berdasarkan Nilai Resistivitas dan Porositas Batuan Dengan Menggunakan Metode VES di Desa Batik Nau Kabupaten Bengkulu Utara
Authors: Fazeza Nesti , Suhendra Suhendra , Barasa Habel , Halaudin Halaudin
Published: May 2024

Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Batik Nau,Kabupaten Bengkulu Utara, yang rentan terhadap banjir. Fokus penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi resitivitas dan porositas batuan serta kondisi geologi untuk menilai potensi daerah yang rentan terdampak banjir.Dengan menggunakan konfigurasi Schlumberger untuk Metode Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) pada 30 titik penelitian di sepanjang daerah rawan banjir. Data utama diperoleh menggunakan alat Geolistrik IP Meter MAE X612-EM, kemudian diproses dengan perangkat lunak Progress 3.0 untuk menghasilkan gambaran Resistivity Log 1D,yang kemudian diinversikan dan dianalisis untuk menyesuaikan dengan peta geologi. Selanjutnya dilakukan analisis matematis secara 3D dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak Voxler 4.0 untuk mendapatkan hasil gambaran porositas secara lapisanan. Hasil interpretasi menunjukkan bahwa lapisan bawah permukaan tanah di Desa Batik Nau rata â€“ rata di penuhi dengan batuan alluvium yang berjenis lempung(tanah liat), kerikil pasiran, dan napal. Porositas yang memiliki rata-rata rendah, menunjukkan bahwa daerah penelitian ini cenderung jenuh terhadap udara, sehingga menyebabkan terakumulasi saat musim hujan.
Actos de significación
Authors: Baena Luis Angel
Published: May 2024

Resumen
Clitics and particles por Arnold M. Zwicky
Authors: Pardo Felipe
Published: May 2024

Resumen
Resenha de livro: Nardi, EG; Quevedo, J; Silva, AG (organizadores). Transtorno de ansiedade social: teoria e clínica. Artmed; São Paulo: Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria (ABP), 2014.
Authors: Rodrigues Camila Midori Kubota , Pissioli Isabela Miguel , Deno Agnes Ayumi , Hummelgen Martina da Costa
Published: May 2024

Sumário do livro
Capítulo 1. Histórico
Capítulo 2. Epidemiologia
Capítulo 3. Hipóteses etiológicas
Capítulo 4. Neurobiologia
Capítulo 5. Modelos animais
Capítulo 6. Psicopatologia e diagnóstico
Capítulo 7. Diagnóstico diferencial
Capítulo 8. Neuroimagem
Capítulo 9. Comorbidades
Capítulo 10. Infância e adolescência
Capítulo 11. Tratamento farmacológico – inibidores seletivos de recaptação de serotonina
Capítulo 12. Tratamento farmacológico – inibidores da monoaminoxidase
Capítulo 13. Tratamento farmacológico – benzodiazepínicos
Capítulo 14. Tratamento farmacológico – outros medicamentos e casos refratários
Capítulo 15. Estimulação magnética transcraniana
Capítulo 16. Terapia cognitivo-comportamental
Capítulo 17. Habilidades sociais
Capítulo 18. Coaching cognitivo-comportamental
Capítulo 19. Escala de avaliação
الآيات التي وردت فيها لفظة القيامة،وموضوعها تتابع اللعنات على الكافرين ــ دراسة مقارنة
Authors: حمود نور سعد , عبدالجبار نوح زرنان
Published: May 2024

الحمد لله رب العالمين والصلاة والسلام على النبي الأمين محمد ــ صلى الله عليه وسلم ــ المبعوث رحمة للعالمين وعلى اله وأصحابه أجمعين ومن اهتدى بهديهم الى يوم الدين أما بعد:
    فقد جاءت هذه الأطروحة تحت عنوان (الآيات التي وردت فيها لفظة القيامة،وموضوعها تتابع اللعنات على الكافرين ــ دراسة مقارنة) فان لفظة القيامة جاءت في القرآن الكريم في العديد من الآيات والسور وسوف يكون البحث في الألفاظ التي وردت في الآيات التي تتضمن لفظة يوم القيامة وموضوعها تتابع اللعنات إلى يوم القيامة على الكافرين ،وتبحث الدراسة في بيان اختلاف المفسرين في تفسير اللفظة الواحدة لما فيها من اعجاز قرآني عظيم ، وقد اقتضت طبيعة الدراسة ان تكون في مقدمة ، ومبحثين ، وخاتمة ، وهي كالآتي : المبحث الأول عنوانه : الدعاء بالهلاك ، و قدوة الضلال سبب للعنة ، أما المبحث الثاني فبعنوان : اللعنات المتواترة .
التحليل المكاني للأطفال المصابين ببعض أمراض الجهاز الهضـــمـــي في محافظة صلاح الدين للمدة 2009-2021م
Authors: نصيف جاسم الجبوري ناعس محمد , جاسم احمد الدوري عبد الرزاق
Published: May 2024

تمثل أمراض ألتهاب الأمعاء والجفاف من أهم أمراض الجهاز الهضمي التي تصيب الأطفال، اذ بلغ مجموع الأطفال المصابين بهما طوال مدة الدراسة (67878) مصاباً، والتي تتباين من سنة لأخرى، فنجد أنّ معدلات الإصابات المسجلة بدأت بالارتفاع منذ 2009م وصلت ذروتها في 2013م لتعاود الانخفاض في 2017م، وترتفع مجدداً في 2021م. اما على مستوى الأقضية فأن أنّ أكبر نسبة للإصابات سُجّلتْ في قضاء تكريت، ومن ثم سامراء وبلد، بينما سُجلّت أدنى المعدلات في الدور وامرلي، وقد تبين أنّ هناك تبايناً في عدد الأطفال المصابين بالأمراض قيد الدراسة من خلال الاتجاهات الزمانية والمكانية، فضلا عن أبعادهم الديموغرافية، اذ تبين أنّ الاستعداد للإصابة لدى الذكور أكبر منها لدى الاناث.
التعددية الحزبية في تركيا 1945-1950
Authors: ابراهيم المعموري شذى محمد , خضر الجبوري فراس صالح
Published: May 2024

تكتسب دراسة تاريخ تركيا المعاصر اهمية كبيرة، بسبب الثقل الذي تمثله تركيا في منطقة الشرق الاوسط، في مختلف المجالات السياسية والاقتصادية والاستراتيجية، فضلا عن تجربتها السياسية، والتطورات التي حدثت خلال مسيرتها وانتقالها من نظام الحزب الواحد في الحكم، الى نظام قائم على تعدد الاحزاب، والذي جسد انتقالة مهمة الى المشاركة السياسية الديمقراطية، وذلك لم يكن وليد الصدفة، بل ساهمت العديد من العوامل في حدوث ذلك التطور، والتي ادت دورا حاسما في انتقال تركيا الى الحالة الديمقراطية والتعددية السياسية.
   سلط البحث الضوء على التعددية الحزبية في تركيا, اذ شهدت تركيا بعد نهاية الحرب العالمية الثانية 1939-1945, تطورا مهما تمثل بإقرار التعددية الحزبية, والتي جاءت منسجمة مع الظروف الدولية التي حدثت بعد الحرب العالمية الثانية, اذ خرجت الانظمة الشمولية مهزومة في تلك الحرب بعد ان حققت الانظمة الديمقراطية نصراً كبيراً, وتماشياً مع تلك الظروف وجدت تركيا أن من مصلحتها التكييف مع تلك الظروف وتبني المنهج الديمقراطي.
     توصل البحث الى عدد من النتائج المهمة يأتي في مقدمتها ان حاجة تركيا الى الدعم والمساعدة الغربية للخروج من الأزمة الاقتصادية، التي شهدتها تركيا أثناء وبعد الحرب العالمية الثانية، كان احد العوامل المهمة التي مهدت الطريق امام تبني تركيا لنظام التعددية الحزبية.
الزحف العظيم (الهجرة الكبرى) في جنوب افريقيا عام 1836 الاسباب والنتائج
Authors: خليل اسامة حيمد
Published: May 2024

لم يكن الزحف نَفْسه ظاهرة جديدة في تاريخ جنوب أفريقيا منذ أواخر القرن السابع عشر حتى بواكير القرن العشرين ، وإنما كان جزءاً من التوسع التدريجي عبر الحدود ، وقد كان الزحف مختلفاً عن الهجرات أو التحركات السابقة ، كما أن هذا الزحف يختلف في نوعيته وحجمه عن التوسع الذي شهده القرنان السابقان ، فقد كان الزحف العظيم يمثل هجرة بأعداد كبيرة ، كما كان منظَّماً وله قيادة ، وأن الزاحفين الذين تحركوا عام 1835 ، كانوا لا ينوون ولا يرغبون في العودة لمستعمرة الكيب ، لقد كانوا آملين في تأسيس وطن جديد ، حيث يكون في إمكانهم تسيير أمور حياتهم بقيادة منهم ، بعيداً عن هيمنة الإدارة البريطانية في جنوب أفريقيا ، أن هذه الهجرة كانت تكمن خلفها عوامل مختلفة ، لهذا كانت وقائعها وتأثيراتها في غاية التعقيد
الكفاءة الادارية لدى رؤساء الأقسام العلمية من وجهة نظر تدريسيي الجامعة
Authors: محمد سلطان مصعب علي , نادر اديب محمد
Published: May 2024

إن رؤساء الأقسام بعدهم قيادات إدارية اكاديمية وضعوا بكونهم ضرورة فكرية وكوحدة لاتخاذ القرارات عن طبيعة المناهج والطلاب والأساتذة، تلك القرارات التي أصبحت من الصعب ان تتخذ في الإدارة الجامعية بكفاءة ودقة بعيدا عن مساهمة الأقسام الاكاديمية وتوصياتها وفقا لخبراتها المباشرة بموضوع القرار الخلافي. فالأقسام الاكاديمية تقع في التنظيمات الجامعية موقع القلب من الجسد، فعلى الرغم من كونها تمثل أصغر وحدة من وحدات التنظيم الجامعي، باعتبار ان الجامعات تتألف من كليات ومعاهد واقسام، فان الواقع يشير الى انها حجر الزاوية في الجامعة.
     إن نجاح العملية الإدارية التربوية عادة ما تتوقف على توافر القيادة الرشيدة، ذلك أن القائد التربوي يلعب دوراً هاماً في تحديد الأهداف ورسم الطرق، والتأثير في مرؤوسيه وحثهم على العمل. بيد أن القيادة عملية نسبية، ذلك أن الفرد قد يكون قائداً في موقف ما وتابعاً في أخر، ومن هنا يرتبط مفهوم القيادة بمفهوم الدور والمسؤولية وترتبط القيادة بنمط الشخصية الانفعالية للقائد.
     لذا جاء هذا البحث ليحقق الهدفين الآتيين:
    التعرف على: -
1-الكفاءة الادارية لدى رؤساء الأقسام العلمية من وجهة نظر تدريسيي الجامعة.
2-دلالة الفروق في الكفاءة الادارية لدى رؤساء الأقسام العلمية من وجهة نظر تدريسيي الجامعة  تبعا لمتغيري:
ا-النوع: (ذكور – اناث).
ب-التخصص: (علمي -انساني).
      ولأجل التوصل الى هدفي البحث قام الباحث ببناء مقياس للكفاءة الادارية لدى رؤساء الأقسام العلمية على عينة بلغت (300) تدريسي وتدريسية من أساتذة الجامعة المستنصرية، وبعد استخراج معاملات الصدق والثبات للمقياس، وكذلك استخراج البيانات الخاصة بإجاباتهم، أظهرت نتائج البحث ما يلي:
1- إن رؤساء الاقسام العلمية يتمتعون من مستوى مرتفع من الكفاءة الادارية.
2-ليس هنالك تأثير للنوع والتخصص في ارتفاع مستوى الكفاءة الادارية لدى رؤساء الاقسام العلمية.
قياس الانجاز الوظيفي لدى مدراء المدارس الثانوية
Authors: حمد احمد محمد , الصميدعي نمير ابراهيم
Published: May 2024

يهدف البحث الحالي التعرف على  (قياس الانجاز الوظيفي لدى مدراء المدارس).
1-مستوى الانجاز الوظيفي لدى مدراء المدارس الثانوية.
2-الفروق ذات الدلالة الاحصائية في مستوى الانجاز الوظيفي  لدى مدراء المدارس الثانوية تبعا لمتغير الجنس(ذكور-اناث).
3-الفروق ذات الدلالة الاحصائية في مستوى الانجاز الوظيفي  لدى مدراء المدارس الثانوية تبعا لمتغير سنوات الخدمة.
وتضمنت العينة مدراء المدارس الثانوية ، وقد بلغت عينة البحث (190) مديراً ومديرة  من مدراء المدارس الثانوية وقام الباحث ببناء مقياس الانجاز الوظيفي وهو جزء من المتطلبات الاساسية للبحث الحالي لعدم وجود مقياس يتلائم مع طبيعة الدراسة، وبعد اطلاع الخبراء على المقياس حيث كان نسبة أتفاق (80%) فأكثر كنسبة لصالحية الفقرات وقد تكون المقياس من (32) وجرى التحقق من الصدق الظاهري للمقياس، واستخدم الباحث بعض الوسائل الاحصائية وهي )الاختبار التائي لعينه واحدة، واختبار التائي لعينتين مستقلتين، ومعامل ارتباط بيرسون الفاكرونباخ). وقد توصل الباحث إلى النتائج الأتية:
1- يتمتع مديرو المدارس الثانوية بمستوى عال من الانجاز الوظيفي.
2- وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين الذكور والإناث في الانجاز الوظيفي لصالح الذكور.
3- عدم وجود فروق دالة إحصائياً بين سنوات الخدمة في مستوى الانجاز الوظيفي.
وقد فسر الباحث هذه النتائج بناء على الاطار النظري والدراسات السابقة وفي ضوء النتائج التي تم التوصل إليها في البحث الحالي: وخرج الباحث بعدد من التوصيات والمقترحات، منها، إجراء دراسة للتعرف على أثر برنامج في الانجاز الوظيفي وعلاقته بالكفاءة المهنية لدى مدراء المدارس الثانوية,
On the issue of the methodology of the study of petroglyphs of medieval architectural structures of the North Caucasus
Authors: Iliasov Lecha Makhmudovich
Published: May 2024

The article is devoted to the problems of the methodology of the study of petroglyphs of architectural structures of the North Caucasus. The author considers methodological approaches to the interpretation of their semantics, taking into account the dual nature of petroglyphs of architectural structures, which, on the one hand, are a special cultural phenomenon with their pictorial traditions and a set of symbols, and, on the other, genetically go back to rock art, respectively, possessing the properties of rock paintings. The author believes that, interpreting the semantics of petroglyphs and their compositions, it is very important to take into account the historical context in which they were created and consider their significance in line with religious traditions relevant to the population of that era. According to the author, epic formulas or ideograms that originate in rock art play a special role in deciphering the meaning of petroglyphs of architectural structures, and in petroglyphs of architectural structures they acquire a specific character due to a narrow set of sacred symbols. The methodological basis of the research is a set of general historical, ethnographic and archaeological research methods, the use of which is determined by the nature of the material being studied. The author believes that, despite the difficulties of interpreting petroglyphs of architectural structures associated with the reconstruction of religious and mythological representations of the ancient population, it is a certain set of sacred symbols and their compositions, as well as epic formulas, that are the key to their deciphering. Petroglyphs of architectural structures have their origin in ancient rock art, which makes it possible to use in their research, including methodological techniques for studying rock paintings, the historiography of which has almost 150 years and a huge number of scientific monographs and articles. At the same time, the petroglyphs of medieval buildings in the North Caucasus possessed expressive self-sufficiency, which allowed the peoples of the region to use it to fix their religious, mythological and social traditions for transmission to the next generations.
Radiation Safety for Women in Cardiology: Myths and Important Messages
Authors: Burgess Sonya N. , Alasnag Mirvat , Haan Lim Ing , Saeko Takahashi , Lukito Antonia A. , Cader Aasyha , Malik Fazila , Towns Cindy R. , Fairley Sarah , Mehran Roxana , Rao Sarita
Published: May 2024

Accurate fertility-based radiation safety data, education and knowledge is important for all staff exposed to occupational radiation. Women are under-represented in all medical fields with increased exposure to occupational radiation, to achieve better equity in our medical workforces evidence-based radiation safety knowledge is essential to overcoming perceived career barriers. This review of radiation safety policy and data focuses on providing health professions working in cardiology with accurate contemporary information about potential radiation exposure with respect to fetal risk for pregnant health professionals. The data summarized within this review shows when women continue to work in cardiac catheterization laboratories through pregnancy their expected occupational radiation exposure with appropriate shielding, will not meaningfully change pregnancy outcomes, nor will it significantly increase risk to the fetus. The review also summarizes international workplace policy for radiation exposure and monitoring and provides recommendations for ongoing safe practice.
ANALYSIS OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SITUATION IN UKRAINE REGARDING THE HANDLING AND PROCESSING OF SOLID HOUSEHOLD WASTE (SHW)
Authors: Malovanyi Hennadii
Published: May 2024

The article analyzes the socio-economic situation in Ukraine regarding the handling and processing of solid household waste (SHW). It is noted that the issue of solid household waste, like other environmental problems in Ukraine, is deepening annually. The situation in the waste processing market in Ukraine is described as complex and diverse. The conclusion is drawn that effective SHW management in Ukraine requires a comprehensive approach that covers legal, technical, economic, and cultural aspects. Implementation of such an approach can contribute to reducing the negative impact of waste on the environment and create new opportunities for sustainable development and increased entrepreneurial activity in SHW processing enterprises. It is established that Ukraine also faces problems in the management of solid household waste, including a focus on landfilling in landfills, most of which do not meet environmental safety standards and European standards, low waste utilization rates and the implementation of innovative technologies, as well as the inefficiency of existing economic instruments in this area.
INSTITUTIONAL BASIS OF CRYPTOASSETS’ REGULATION
Authors: Bereslavska Olena , Pіdsosonna Yana
Published: May 2024

The article delves into the institutional underpinnings of cryptoasset regulation, asserting that institutional relations and connections among entities extend beyond formal and informal norms and rules. These are complemented by the formation of relevant institutions and organizational relations between them, thereby shaping the institutional environment. This environment consists of the legislative and regulatory framework and the socio-economic mechanisms for regulation, all aimed at achieving collective benefits. The proposal is to view the institutional and economic relations in cryptoasset regulation as encompassing areas such as the protection of cryptoasset ownership rights, state regulation of cryptoasset circulation on markets and exchanges to ensure the industry’s full functionality, and the management of organizational and economic relations within the cryptomarket. Given the varied stances of countries towards cryptoassets, identifying clear regulatory trends is challenging. The article categorizes countries into four groups based on their regulatory approach to cryptoassets: centralized, decentralized, restrictive, or prohibited. Analyzing the regulatory practices in these groups allows for certain conclusions, notably that despite cryptocurrencies being commonly contrasted with fiat money, there’s a noticeable shift towards recognizing cryptoassets’ viability parallel to national currencies. The conclusion drawn from the analysis is that a unified global regulatory framework for cryptocurrencies has yet to emerge. However, national and international institutions are making significant strides in this domain, offering recommendations and standards for cryptoasset regulation aimed at mitigating associated transactional risks. Key recommendations include incorporating FATF-prescribed global principles and approaches into national laws, employing specific tools for national regulators to control and monitor risks (particularly concerning electronic wallets and exchanges, as well as financial institution risks), and enhancing international cooperation in supervising and implementing restrictions on cryptoasset circulation.