bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship between caesarean section delivery and risk of overweight/obesity among children aged 6–23 months in the Tamale Metropolis of Ghana
Authors: Sulley Issahaku , Saaka Mahama
Published: June 2022

The recent exponential increase in caesarean section (CS) rates in many countries including Ghana requires an understanding of the potential long-term consequences on child health. The present study investigated the relationship between CS delivery and risk of childhood overweight/obesity. A retrospective cohort study was conducted from October 2019 to March 2020 in Ghana. Using multi-stage sampling, 553 mother–child pairs aged 6–23 months were selected from ten health facilities during child welfare clinic (CWC) services. We assessed the association between delivery mode (caesarean v. vaginal) and subsequent body mass index for age (BMI/age Z-score) using hierarchical multivariable linear regression analysis. The prevalence of overweight/obesity (BMI/age Z-score > +2 sd) in children was 3⋅6 %. After adjusting for maternal gestational weight gain, macrosomia and child feeding practices, children who were born through CS had mean BAZ which was 0⋅105 standard units significantly higher than their colleagues who were delivered through normal vaginal [beta coefficient (β) 0⋅105, (95 % CI 0⋅03, 0⋅55)]. CS birth was also associated with 3⋅2 times higher odds of overweight/obesity than vaginal delivery (AOR 3⋅23; 95 % CI 1⋅14, 9⋅13). Consequently, CS delivery was associated positively with increased body mass (adiposity) in the study sample. The association between CS delivery and risk of childhood obesity was attenuated after adjusting for macrosomia. These results would be important for informing clinicians and expectant mothers in considering CS delivery.
Racialization of Blackness in the Americas
Authors: Edwards Erika Denise
Published: June 2022

This essay reviews the following works:

Slavery Unseen: Sex, Power, and Violence in Brazilian History. By Lamonte Aidoo. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2018. Pp. 272. $26.95 paperback. IBSN: 9780822371298.

Sexuality and Slavery: Reclaiming Intimate Histories in the Americas. Edited by Dania Ramey Berry and Leslie M. Harris. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2018. Pp. 240. $34.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780820354040.

Becoming Free, Becoming Black: Race, Freedom, and Law in Cuba, Virginia, and Louisiana. By Alejandro de la Fuente and Ariela J. Gross. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2020. Pp. 294. $24.95 hardcover. ISBN: 9781108480642.

Wicked Flesh: Black Women, Intimacy, and Freedom in the Atlantic World. By Jessica Marie Johnson. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2020. Pp. 360. $4.95 hardcover. IBSN: 9780812252385.

The Origins of Macho: Men and Masculinity in Colonial Mexico. By Sonya Lipsett-Rivera. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2019. Pp 288. $29.95 paperback. IBSN: 9780826360403.

Revolutionary Masculinity and Racial Inequality: Gendering War and Politics in Cuba. By Bonnie A. Lucero. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2018. Pp. xiii, 345. $34.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780826363336.

Reckoning with Slavery: Gender, Kinship, and Capitalism in the Early Black Atlantic. By Jennifer L. Morgan. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2021. Pp. 312. $27.95 paperback. IBSN: 9781478014140.

Pobres, negros y esclavos: Música religiosa en Córdoba del Tucumán (1699–1840). By Clarisa Eugenia Pedrotti. Córdoba, Argentina: Editorial Brujas, 2017. Pp. 302. $33.99 paperback. ISBN: 9789877600742.

Cuban Literature in the Age of Black Insurrection: Manzano, Plácido, and Afro-Latino Religion. By Matthew Pettway. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2019. Pp. 344. $30.00 paperback. IBSN: 9781496825018.

Exquisite Slaves: Race, Clothing, and Status in Colonial Lima. By Tamara J. Walker. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2017. Pp. 240. $29.99 paperback. ISBN: 9781107445956.
Research on rapid location method of mobile robot based on semantic grid map in large scene similar environment
Authors: Kuang Hengyang , Li Yansheng , Zhang Yi , Wan Yong , Ge Gengyu
Published: June 2022

Aiming at the problem that adaptive Monte Carlo localization (AMCL) algorithm is difficult to localize in large scenes and similar environments. This paper uses a semantic information-assisted approach to improve the AMCL algorithm. This method realizes the robust localization of the robot in the large scenes and similar environments. Firstly, the 2D grid map created by simultaneous localization and mapping using lidar can obtain highly accurate indoor environmental contour information. Secondly, the semantic object capture is achieved by using a depth camera combined with an instance segmentation algorithm. Then, the semantic grid map is created by mapping the semantic point cloud through the back-projection process of the pinhole camera. Finally, semantic grid maps are used as a priori information to assist in localization, which will be used to improve the initial particle swarm distribution in the global localization of the AMCL algorithm and thus will solve the robot localization problem in this environment. The experimental evidence shows that the semantic grid map solves the environmental information degradation problem caused by 2D lidar as well as improves the robot’s perception of the environment. In addition, this paper improves the localization robustness of the AMCL algorithm in large scenes and similar environments, resulting in an average localization success rate of about 90% or even higher, and further reduces the number of iterations. The global localization problem of robots in large scenes and similar environments is effectively solved.
Getting Tough or Rolling Back the State? Why Neoliberals Disagreed on a Guaranteed Minimum Income
Authors: Coleman Daniel
Published: June 2022

This article explores why neoliberals associated with the Mont Pelerin Society disagreed on the legitimacy of a guaranteed income in the 1960s and 1970s in the United States. Participants in this debate are categorized along a spectrum between “libertarians” like Milton Friedman and George Stigler, who favoured a minimum-income plan, and “paternalists” like Henry Hazlitt, who opposed one in any form. While these figures were united in their desire to roll back the welfare state, the two means they advocated to achieve this task were in stark contradiction in their assumptions. Divisions over a guaranteed income commonly reflected wider disagreements on economic methodology, consumer choice, citizenship, policing, and the moral implications of dependency. Previous analysts have tended to emphasize unity amongst neoliberals on the model of the “paternalist” paradigm. By recovering the origins of the libertarian paradigm, this article demonstrates instead that there was never an orthodox neoliberal approach to welfare reform. “What does neoliberal welfare reform do?” is shown to be a question requiring more complex answers than have been recognized in the literature.
Distributing the costs of change: property transitions and pacts
Authors: Walsh Rachael
Published: June 2022

In A Liberal Theory of Property (2021), Hanoch Dagan makes an important, thought-provoking contribution to property theory – one that unifies divergent, and at time apparently dichotomous, strands of thought in property theory and revives rich dormant ideas. Dagan persuasively centres property's justification and design on the value of autonomy and on the basic need for reciprocal recognition of the individual right to self-determination. He does so without excluding the relevance and significance of other property values, both public and private. The theory deepens existing debates within property scholarship about values such as freedom and personhood, and provides a wide-reaching analysis of how autonomy functions as property's telos. That telos is used to justify structural pluralism in property law and to delimit owners’ rights. In this way, for Dagan, property's justification determines the nature and ambit of private authority over resources.
Effects of exercise training on brain metabolism and cognitive functioning in sleep apnea
Authors: Ueno-Pardi Linda M. , Souza-Duran Fabio L. , Matheus Larissa , Rodrigues Amanda G. , Barbosa Eline R. F. , Cunha Paulo J. , Carneiro Camila G. , Costa Naomi A. , Ono Carla R. , Buchpiguel Carlos A. , Negrão Carlos E. , Lorenzi-Filho Geraldo , Busatto-Filho Geraldo
Published: June 2022

Impaired glucose metabolism reflects neuronal/synaptic dysfunction and cognitive function decline in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The study investigated the extent to which exercise training (ET) improves cerebral metabolic glucose rate (CMRgl) and cognitive function in patients with OSA. Patients with moderate to severe OSA were randomly assigned to ET (3 times/week, n = 23) or no intervention (control, n = 24). Echocardiography and apolipoprotein ε4 (APOEε4) genotyping were obtained at baseline. Both groups underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing, polysomnography, cognitive tests, brain magnetic resonance imaging, and 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-Glucose positron emission tomography (18FDG-PET) at baseline and study end. Compared with control, exercise-trained group had improved exercise capacity, decreased apnea–hypopnea index (AHI), oxygen desaturation and arousal index; increased attention/executive functioning, increased CMRgl in the right frontal lobe (P < 0.05). After ET an inverse relationships occurred between CMRgl and obstructive AHI (r = − 0.43, P < 0.05) and apnea arousal index (r = − 0.53, P < 0.05), and between the changes in CMRgl and changes in mean O2 saturation during sleep and non-rapid eye movement sleep (r = − 0.43, P < 0.05), desaturation during arousal (r = − 0.44, P < 0.05), and time to attention function testing (r = − 0.46, P < 0.05). ET improves OSA severity and CMRg in the frontal lobe, which helps explain the improvement in attention/executive functioning. Our study provides promising data that reinforce the growing idea that ET may be a valuable tool to prevent hypoxia associated with decreased brain metabolism and cognitive functioning in patients with moderate to severe OSA.

Trial registration: NCT02289625 (13/11/2014).
Quantizing Chaplygin Hamiltonizable nonholonomic systems
Authors: Fernandez Oscar E.
Published: June 2022

In this article we develop a quantization procedure for Chaplygin Hamiltonizable nonholonomic systems—mechanical systems subject to non-integrable velocity constraints whose reduced mechanics is Hamiltonian after a suitable time reparametrization—using Poincaré transformations and geometric quantization. We illustrate the theory developed through examples and discuss potential applications to the study of the quantum mechanics of nanovehicles.
Predictors of long-term prognosis in rheumatoid arthritis-related interstitial lung disease
Authors: Chen Juan , Chen Yaqiong , Liu Dehao , Lin Yihua , Zhu Lei , Song Shuli , Hu Yudi , Liang Tao , Liu Yongliang , Liu Wei , Weng Lin , Li Qiyuan , Ge Shengxiang , Ascherman Dana P.
Published: June 2022

The aim of the study was to identify specific clinical and serum protein biomarkers that are associated with longitudinal outcome of RA-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD). 60 RA patients with clinical and serological profiles were assessed by HRCT and pulmonary function tests (PFTs) at baseline (Year 0) and 5 years post enrollment (Year 5). Progression versus non-progression was defined based on changes in Quantitative Modified HRCT scores and PFTs over time. Specific serum protein biomarkers were assessed in serum samples at baseline and Year 5 by Multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). At Year 5, 32% of patients demonstrated progressive RA-ILD, 35% were stable, and 33% improved. Baseline age and rheumatoid factor (RF) were significantly different between RA-ILD outcomes of progression vs. no-progression (p < 0.05). Changes in levels of CXCL11/I-TAC and MMP13 over 5 years also distinguished pulmonary outcomes (p < 0.05). A final binary logistic regression model revealed that baseline age and changes in serum MMP13 as well as CXCL11/I-TAC were associated with RA-ILD progression at Year 5 (p < 0.01), with an AUC of 0.7772. Collectively, these analyses demonstrated that baseline clinical variables (age, RF) and shifts in levels of selected serum proteins (CXCL11/I-TAC, MMP13) were strongly linked to RA-ILD outcome over time.
Feature-preserving simplification framework for 3D point cloud
Authors: Xu Xueli , Li Kang , Ma Yifei , Geng Guohua , Wang Jingyu , Zhou Mingquan , Cao Xin
Published: June 2022

To obtain a higher simplification rate while retaining geometric features, a simplification framework for the point cloud is proposed. Firstly, multi-angle images of the original point cloud are obtained with a virtual camera. Then, feature lines of each image are extracted by deep neural network. Furthermore, according to the proposed mapping relationship between the acquired 2D feature lines and original point cloud, feature points of the point cloud are extracted automatically. Finally, the simplified point cloud is obtained by fusing feature points and simplified non-feature points. The proposed simplification method is applied to four data sets and compared with the other six algorithms. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed simplification method has the superiority in terms of both retaining geometric features and high simplification rate.
Accuracy and efficiency of automatic tooth segmentation in digital dental models using deep learning
Authors: Im Joon , Kim Ju-Yeong , Yu Hyung-Seog , Lee Kee-Joon , Choi Sung-Hwan , Kim Ji-Hoi , Ahn Hee-Kap , Cha Jung-Yul
Published: June 2022

This study evaluates the accuracy and efficiency of automatic tooth segmentation in digital dental models using deep learning. We developed a dynamic graph convolutional neural network (DGCNN)-based algorithm for automatic tooth segmentation and classification using 516 digital dental models. We segmented 30 digital dental models using three methods for comparison: (1) automatic tooth segmentation (AS) using the DGCNN-based algorithm from LaonSetup software, (2) landmark-based tooth segmentation (LS) using OrthoAnalyzer software, and (3) tooth designation and segmentation (DS) using Autolign software. We evaluated the segmentation success rate, mesiodistal (MD) width, clinical crown height (CCH), and segmentation time. For the AS, LS, and DS, the tooth segmentation success rates were 97.26%, 97.14%, and 87.86%, respectively (p < 0.001, post-hoc; AS, LS > DS), the means of MD widths were 8.51, 8.28, and 8.63 mm, respectively (p < 0.001, post hoc; DS > AS > LS), the means of CCHs were 7.58, 7.65, and 7.52 mm, respectively (p < 0.001, post-hoc; LS > DS, AS), and the means of segmentation times were 57.73, 424.17, and 150.73 s, respectively (p < 0.001, post-hoc; AS < DS < LS). Automatic tooth segmentation of a digital dental model using deep learning showed high segmentation success rate, accuracy, and efficiency; thus, it can be used for orthodontic diagnosis and appliance fabrication.
Phoenixin-14 alters transcriptome and steroid profiles in female green-spotted puffer (Dichotomyctere nigroviridis)
Authors: Breton Timothy S. , Murray Casey A. , Huff Sierra R. , Phaneuf Anyssa M. , Tripp Bethany M. , Patuel Sarah J. , Martyniuk Christopher J. , DiMaggio Matthew A.
Published: June 2022

Phoenixin (PNX) is a highly conserved, novel hormone with diverse functions, including hypothalamic control of reproduction, appetite modulation, and regulation of energy metabolism and inflammation. While some functions appear conserved across vertebrates, additional research is required to fully characterize these complex pleiotropic effects. For instance, very little is known about transcriptome level changes associated with PNX exposure, including responses in the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis, which is critical in vertebrate reproduction. In addition, the PNX system may be especially complex in fish, where an additional receptor is likely present in some species. The purpose of this study was to assess hypothalamic and ovarian transcriptomes after PNX-14 administration in female vitellogenic green-spotted puffer (Dichotomyctere nigroviridis). Steroid-related changes were also assessed in the liver and blood plasma. Hypothalamic responses included pro-inflammatory signals such as interleukin 1β, possibly related to gut–brain axis functions, as well as suppression of cell proliferation. Ovarian responses were more widely downregulated across all identified pathways, which may reflect progression to a less transcriptionally active state in oocytes. Both organs shared regulation in transforming growth factor-β and extracellular matrix remodeling (periostin) pathways. Reproductive processes were in general downregulated, but both inhibiting (bone morphogenetic protein 15 and follistatin) and promoting (17-hydroxyprogesterone) factors for oocyte maturation were identified. Select genes involved in reproduction (vitellogenins, estrogen receptors) in the liver were unresponsive to PNX-14 and higher doses may be needed to induce reproductive effects in D. nigroviridis. These results reinforce the complexity of PNX actions in diverse tissues and highlight important roles for this hormone in regulating the immune response, energy metabolism, and cell growth.
Chemoselective decarboxylation of ceiba oil to diesel-range alkanes over a red mud based catalyst under H2-free conditions
Authors: Adzahar Nur Athirah , Asikin-Mijan N. , Saiman Mohd Izham , Alsultan G. Abdulkareem , Mastuli M. S. , Shamsuddin Mohd Razali , Taufiq-Yap Y. H.
Published: June 2022

Concerns over global greenhouse gas emissions such as COx and NOx as well as the depletion of petroleum fossil resources have motivated humankind to seek an alternative energy source known as green diesel.
Influence of Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, and Ga3+ on the iron-based trimetallic layered double hydroxides for water oxidation
Authors: Yong Jesus David , Valdez Ricardo , Armenta Miguel Ángel , Arjona Noé , Pina-Luis Georgina , Olivas Amelia
Published: June 2022

In this work, we synthesized five novel iron-based trimetallic layered double hydroxides (LDHs) by the urea-assisted co-precipitation method for the electrocatalytic water oxidation reaction (WOR).
Appraisal of synthetic cationic Gemini surfactants as highly efficient inhibitors for carbon steel in the acidization of oil and gas wells: an experimental and computational approach
Authors: Abdallah M. , Hegazy M. A. , Ahmed H. , Al-Gorair Arej S. , Hawsawi H. , Morad M. , Benhiba F. , Warad I. , Zarrouk A.
Published: June 2022

New cationic Gemini surfactant (CGS) molecules were synthesized and investigated as anticorrosive materials for carbon steel (CS) in 1 M HCl solution by chemical, electrochemical and theoretical studies such as DFT and MDS approaches.
A miniaturised mono‐cone antenna with top plate and composite lumped loading
Authors: Zhang Dongliang , Wu Qi
Published: June 2022

A wideband mono‐cone antenna is proposed. Evolution from a top‐loaded mono‐cone, the top plate is etched by two rings and loaded by an array of resistors and inductors. This design improves impedance matching properties in the low frequency range while maintaining a compact size. An equivalent circuit modal is built for assisting the antenna design. A prototype is fabricated and measured for verification. The antenna operates in the frequency band of 118–1100 MHz with |S11|≤‐10 dB and the fluctuation of omni‐directional radiation pattern ≤ 2.5 dB. The occupied area of the antenna is 0.24 λL × 0.24 λL × 0.06 λL, which is attractive for use on aircraft.
Empfehlungen der S3-Leitlinie (AWMF) Einsatz der extrakorporalen
Zirkulation (ECLS/ECMO) bei Herz- und Kreislaufversagen
Authors: Assmann Alexander , Beckmann Andreas , Schmid Christof , Werdan Karl , Michels Guido , Miera Oliver , Schmidt Florian , Klotz Stefan , Starck Christoph , Pilarczyk Kevin , Rastan Ardawan , Burckhardt Marion , Nothacker Monika , Muellenbach Ralf , Zausig York , Haake Nils , Groesdonk Heinrich , Ferrari Markus , Buerke Michael , Hennersdorf Marcus , Rosenberg Mark , Schaible Thomas , Köditz Harald , Kluge Stefan , Janssens Uwe , Lubnow Matthias , Flemmer Andreas , Herber-Jonat Susanne , Wessel Lucas , Buchwald Dirk , Maier Sven , Krüger Lars , Fründ Andreas , Jaksties Rolf , Fischer Stefan , Wiebe Karsten , Hartog Christiane , Dzemali Omer , Zimpfer Daniel , Ruttmann-Ulmer Elfriede , Schlensak Christian , Ensminger Stephan , Kelm Malte , Boeken Udo
Published: June 2022

In den vergangenen Jahren hat der Einsatz mechanischer Unterstützungssysteme für
Patienten mit Herz- und Kreislaufversagen kontinuierlich zugenommen, sodass in
Deutschland mittlerweile jährlich etwa 3000 ECLS/ECMO-Systeme implantiert
werden. Vor dem Hintergrund bislang fehlender umfassender Leitlinien bestand ein
dringlicher Bedarf an der Formulierung evidenzbasierter Empfehlungen zu den
zentralen Aspekten der ECLS/ECMO-Therapie.

Im Juli 2015 wurde daher die Erstellung einer S3-Leitlinie durch die Deutsche
Gesellschaft für Thorax-, Herz- und Gefäßchirurgie (DGTHG) bei der zuständigen
Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften
e. V. (AWMF) angemeldet. In einem strukturierten Konsensusprozess mit Einbindung
von Experten aus Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz, delegiert aus 11
AWMF-Fachgesellschaften, 5 weiteren Fachgesellschaften sowie der
Patientenvertretung, entstand unter Federführung der DGTHG die Leitlinie
„Einsatz der extrakorporalen Zirkulation (ECLS/ECMO) bei Herz- und
Kreislaufversagen“, die im Februar 2021 publiziert wurde.

Die Leitlinie fokussiert auf klinische Aspekte der Initiierung, Fortführung,
Entwöhnung und Nachsorge und adressiert hierbei auch strukturelle und
ökonomische Fragestellungen. Dieser Artikel präsentiert eine Übersicht zu der
Methodik und den konsentierten Empfehlungen.
Effectiveness of School-Based Video-Assisted Health Education Program on Mosquito-Borne Disease among Upper Primary Children
Authors: Dsouza Renita Priya , Rodrigues Devina E , Saldanha Prakash M
Published: June 2022

Introduction Malaria and dengue fever are the two major mosquito-borne diseases (MBD) seen in India and these diseases are endemic in many of the Indian states. Educating the public is one of the effective ways to prevent any diseases and school children act as health messengers to their family members. Video-assisted teaching methods help the children to understand the concept better and grasp it easily. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of school-based video-assisted health education on knowledge regarding MBD.

Materials and Methods The study design used was cross-sectional one group pre- and posttest design. Ninety-five children studying in 6th and 7th standard of two higher primary schools located in a rural area of southern India have participated in the study. The knowledge level of the children was assessed using a structured knowledge questionnaire before and after the video-assisted health education program. Children were educated using PowerPoints and videos in three sessions on various aspects of MBD.

Statistical Analysis Data was analyzed using a statistical software, SPSS-23. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data.

Results The mean score was 23.58 ± 7.08 in the pretest and the posttest mean score was 53.01 ± 3.90. The minimum score was 13 in the pretest and in the posttest it was 44 with a maximum possible score of 60. Intervention was effective and led to 49.05% of gain in knowledge of children from pretest to the posttest and the difference in the mean value was statistically significant (t = 36.58, p < 0.001).

Conclusion Even though children had the knowledge on MBD, it was not adequate and video-assisted health education was useful to improve their knowledge. More consistent efforts are needed to educate the children on different health issues using various sense stimulating teaching aids to help them develop into healthy future generation.
Dashboard Design to Identify and Balance Competing Risk of Multiple Hospital-Acquired Conditions
Authors: Makic Mary Beth Flynn , Stevens Kathleen R. , Gritz R. Mark , Wald Heidi , Ouellet Judith , Morrow Cynthia Drake , Rodrick David , Reeder Blaine
Published: June 2022

Background Hospital-acquired conditions (HACs) are common, costly, and national patient safety priority. Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), hospital-acquired pressure injury (HAPI), and falls are common HACs. Clinicians assess each HAC risk independent of other conditions. Prevention strategies often focus on the reduction of a single HAC rather than considering how actions to prevent one condition could have unintended consequences for another HAC.

Objectives The objective of this study is to design an empirical framework to identify, assess, and quantify the risks of multiple HACs (MHACs) related to competing single-HAC interventions.

Methods This study was an Institutional Review Board approved, and the proof of concept study evaluated MHAC Competing Risk Dashboard to enhance clinicians' management combining the risks of CAUTI, HAPI, and falls. The empirical model informing this study focused on the removal of an indwelling urinary catheter to reduce CAUTI, which may impact HAPI and falls. A multisite database was developed to understand and quantify competing risks of HACs; a predictive model dashboard was designed and clinical utility of a high-fidelity dashboard was qualitatively tested. Five hospital systems provided data for the predictive model prototype; three served as sites for testing and feedback on the dashboard design and usefulness. The participatory study design involved think-aloud methods as the clinician explored the dashboard. Individual interviews provided an understanding of clinician's perspective regarding ease of use and utility.

Results Twenty-five clinicians were interviewed. Clinicians favored a dashboard gauge design composed of green, yellow, and red segments to depict MHAC risk associated with the removal of an indwelling urinary catheter to reduce CAUTI and possible adverse effects on HAPI and falls.

Conclusion Participants endorsed the utility of a visual dashboard guiding clinical decisions for MHAC risks preferring common stoplight color understanding. Clinicians did not want mandatory alerts for tool integration into the electronic health record. More research is needed to understand MHAC and tools to guide clinician decisions.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Principles, Science, and Patient Selection in Neurology
Authors: Carson Alan J. , McWhirter Laura
Published: June 2022

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a widely used therapeutic modality in general psychiatric practice. In this review, we consider its application to neurological disorders. We examine the basic framework of CBT—that symptoms, emotions, thoughts, and behaviors are all interrelated and that therapeutic interventions that lead to change in thoughts or behavior may have the potential to reduce symptoms or emotional distress. We also outline specific methodological issues to consider when reading or planning studies of CBT interventions, highlighting important topics pertaining to quality control, control group selection, dropouts, and generalizability. We then review the evidence base for CBT's use across a range of neurological disorders. In doing so, we highlight where there is a clear evidence base, and where it is a technique with potential. The review is targeted at a general neurology audience as introduction to the topic not as an advanced guide for expert practitioners.
Health Care Home implementation in Otago and Southland: a qualitative evaluation
Authors: Gurung Gagan , Barson Stuart , Haughey Marc , Stokes Tim
Published: June 2022

Introduction Health systems internationally have developed new models of primary care to address health-care challenges. One such model is the Health Care Home (HCH),which has been widely adopted across New Zealand. Aim To explore the facilitators and barriers to implementation of the HCH in the southern health district (Otago and Southland). Methods Interviews with staff (n = 15) from seven general practices were undertaken. A rapid thematic analysis informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) was conducted using the framework method. Results A number of implementation facilitators and barriers across three CFIR domains were identified: intervention characteristics, inner setting and implementation process. The intervention – the HCH – has well-designed core components (eg clinician triage, patient portals), but the adaptable periphery also needs addressing to ensure the core components fit the local context. In the inner setting, a positive implementation climate and readiness for change (a strong need for the change, compatibility, strong leadership, availability of resources, and a clear understanding of the HCH and timely practical support) were key for successful implementation. Although the HCH practices had detailed planning and performance monitoring systems in place, a successful implementation process required having a change management plan and ensuring whole-of-practice engagement. Discussion This evaluation has identified facilitators and barriers to implementing the HCH in one health district using implementation science theory (CFIR). It is imperative to tailor the HCH model to local needs and individual general practices for successful implementation.
Crosslinguistic word order variation reflects evolutionary pressures of dependency and information locality
Authors: Hahn Michael , Xu Yang
Published: June 2022

Languages vary considerably in syntactic structure. About 40% of the world’s languages have subject–verb–object order, and about 40% have subject–object–verb order. Extensive work has sought to explain this word order variation across languages. However, the existing approaches are not able to explain coherently the frequency distribution and evolution of word order in individual languages. We propose that variation in word order reflects different ways of balancing competing pressures of dependency locality and information locality, whereby languages favor placing elements together when they are syntactically related or contextually informative about each other. Using data from 80 languages in 17 language families and phylogenetic modeling, we demonstrate that languages evolve to balance these pressures, such that word order change is accompanied by change in the frequency distribution of the syntactic structures that speakers communicate to maintain overall efficiency. Variability in word order thus reflects different ways in which languages resolve these evolutionary pressures. We identify relevant characteristics that result from this joint optimization, particularly the frequency with which subjects and objects are expressed together for the same verb. Our findings suggest that syntactic structure and usage across languages coadapt to support efficient communication under limited cognitive resources.
The use of boosters and evidentials in British campaign debates on the Brexit referendum
Authors: Carrió-Pastor María Luisa , Albalat-Mascarell Ana
Published: June 2022

Little attention has been given to the role of metadiscoursal devices in non-academic discourses with an overtly persuasive component such as political discourse. We address this gap by analysing the presence and function of evidentials and boosters in the 2016 campaign debates on the United Kingdom European Union membership referendum (also known as the Brexit referendum). In this vein, our objectives are first, to analyse the evidentials and boosters most frequently used in these debates and relate them to the speakers’ goals, and second, to contrast the use of these devices with the results of the referendum. Data were quantitatively analysed with METOOL, a tool specifically developed to detect metadiscoursal strategies. The results showed how the strategies identified here tended to work in combination towards the representation of a credible self, challenging opposing views on the same issue. Finally, conclusions were drawn.
On a generalization of the Hörmander condition
Authors: Suzuki Soichiro
Published: June 2022

We consider a natural generalization of the classical Hörmander condition in the Calderón–Zygmund theory. Recently the author [J. Fourier Anal. Appl. 27 (2021)] proved the

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p

L^p

boundedness of singular integral operators under the

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1

L^1

mean Hörmander condition, which was originally introduced by Grafakos and Stockdale [Bull. Hellenic Math. Soc. 63 (2019), pp. 54–63]. In this paper, we show that the

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1

L^1

mean condition actually coincides with the classical one. On the other hand, we introduce a new variant of the Hörmander condition, which is strictly weaker than the classical one but still enough for the

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p

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boundedness. Moreover, it still works in the non-doubling setting with a little modification.
RNAsolo: a repository of cleaned PDB-derived RNA 3D structures
Authors: Adamczyk Bartosz , Antczak Maciej , Szachniuk Marta
Published: June 2022

Motivation

The development of algorithms dedicated to RNA three-dimensional (3D) structures contributes to the demand for training, testing and benchmarking data. A reliable source of such data derived from computational prediction is the RNA-Puzzles repository. In contrast, the largest resource with experimentally determined structures is the Protein Data Bank. However, files in this archive often contain other molecular data in addition to the RNA structure itself, which—to be used by RNA processing algorithms—should be removed.

Results

RNAsolo is a self-updating database dedicated to RNA bioinformatics. It systematically collects experimentally determined RNA 3D structures stored in the PDB, cleans them from non-RNA chains, and groups them into equivalence classes. It allows users to download various subsets of data—clustered by resolution, source, data format, etc.—for further processing and analysis with a single click.

Availability and implementation

The repository is publicly available at https://rnasolo.cs.put.poznan.pl.
Cancer Stem Cells and Cell Cycle Genes as Independent Predictors of Relapse in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Secondary Analysis of a Prospective Study
Authors: Masciale Valentina , Banchelli Federico , Grisendi Giulia , D’Amico Roberto , Maiorana Antonino , Stefani Alessandro , Morandi Uliano , Stella Franco , Dominici Massimo , Aramini Beatrice
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are described as resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. It has been shown that CSCs influence disease-free survival in patients undergoing surgery for lung cancer (NCT04634630). We recently described an overexpression of CSCs recurrence-related genes (RG) in lung cancer. This study aims to investigate CSC frequency and RG expression as predictors of disease-free survival in lung cancer.

Experimental Design

This secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study involved 22 surgical tumor specimens from 22 patients harboring early (I-II) and locally advanced (IIIA) stages ACL and SCCL. Cell population frequency analysis of ALDHhigh (CSCs) and ALDHlow (cancer cells) was performed on each tumor specimen. In addition, RG expression was assessed for 31 target genes separately in ALDHhigh and ALDHlow populations. CSCs frequency and RG expression were assessed as predictors of disease-free survival by Cox analysis.

Results

CSCs frequency and RG expression were independent predictors of disease-free survival. CSC frequency was not related to disease-free survival in early-stage patients (HR = 0.84, 95%CI = 0.53-1.33, P = .454), whereas it was a risk factor for locally advanced-stage patients (HR = 1.22, 95%CI = 1.09-1.35, P = .000). RG expression—if measured in CSCs—was related to a higher risk of recurrence (HR = 1.19, 95%CI = 1.03-1.39, P = .021). The effect of RG expression measured in cancer cells on disease-free survival was lower and was not statistically significant (HR = 1.12, 95%CI = 0.94-1.33, P = .196).

Conclusions

CSCs frequency and RG expression are independent predictors of relapse in lung cancer. Considering these results, CSCs and RG may be considered for both target therapy and prognosis.
Indoor Air Pollution and Respiratory Health in a Metropolitan City of Pakistan
Authors: Rabbani Unaib , Razzaq Shama , Irfan Muhammad , Semple Sean , Nafees Asaad Ahmed
Published: June 2022

Objective

We assessed the association of formaldehyde, carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter (PM2.5) with respiratory symptoms, asthma, and post-bronchodilator reversibility.

Methods

We included 1629 adults in a community-based cross-sectional study in Karachi in 2015. Data were collected using the American Thoracic Society respiratory questionnaire and spirometry (available for 930 participants). YesAir eight-channel monitor was used for measuring concentrations of formaldehyde and CO, whereas PM2.5 was measured using UCB PATS.

Results

Higher levels of formaldehyde and CO were associated with cough, phlegm, and wheeze, whereas those of PM2.5 were associated with shortness of breath and presence of any of the respiratory symptoms (combined), as well as a “lower” risk of cough, phlegm, and bronchitis.

Conclusion

Poorer household air quality was associated with poorer respiratory health in this population; however, further studies with a robust exposure assessment are required.
Revisiting the Big Middle: an fsQCA approach to unpack a large value market from a product specialist retailer's perspective
Authors: Azuma Nobukazu , Yokoyama Narimasa , Kim Woonho
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Identifying the patterns of retail institutional change has piqued the interest of retail academics for nearly a century. The Big Middle hypothesis is one of the most recent and hybridized versions of similar theories. According to it, retailers seeking a dominant position in retailing can migrate into the Big Middle, the largest market segment, by specializing in a large market with a broad product assortment or by focusing on a specific product category and simultaneously catering for multiple segments at the same time. This study provides empirical evidence for the latter proposition by employing fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) on the case of UNIQLO, a Japanese clothing specialist retailing giant.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors devised a survey to assess (1) consumers' perceptions of UNIQLO's store attributes and (2) their perceived distance between the UNIQLO and potential competitors. The authors used fsQCA procedures to identify multiple confluences of causal conditions that led to a high level of consumer patronage for UNIQLO from various market segments.

Findings

The findings show that UNIQLO's dominance in the Big Middle stems not only from capturing a sizable homogeneous market but from aggregating multiple heterogeneous market segments with disparities of various types. This finding explains how a specialty store retailer achieves its Big Middle position.

Research limitations/implications

The findings gleaned from fsQCA are not statistically generalisable. It, therefore, is essential to ensure whether similar phenomena are observed under different spatiotemporal settings. Concerning the scope of the research, this study's finding is pertinent to only one part of the Big Middle hypothesis. Future studies are required to cover other dimensions of the Big Middle, including the generalist retailer's cases of the Big Middle.

Practical implications

The results of this study may present a valuable tool to deepen retailers' understandings on; (1) the multiple causal recipes of customer patronages to their retail offerings, (2) who the pure fans of their stores are, (3) who their principal rivals are in the mind space of the consumers, and (4) their overall market position upon aiming to realise the Big Middle. It will give retail managers an insight into how to design, implement, and churn an efficient and effective RBM.

Originality/value

The study's originality is in empirically scrutinizing and elaborating a part of the mechanism of retail change heralded by the Big Middle hypothesis.
The effect of perceived threat on online service reviews
Authors: Kim Jong Min , Lee Eunkyung
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The ongoing impact of COVID-19 and the subsequent perception of threat have shifted consumer perceptions and evaluations of service experiences. This paper aims to investigate how customers’ service evaluation is shared as customer reviews following the pandemic and the heightened perception of threat. In doing so, this research particularly investigates the shifts in the textual contents of online reviews.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used the textual contents in the online reviews posted on Hotels.com for 1,497 hotels in New York City for empirical analysis. In total, 109,190 observations were used for the analysis.

Findings

By analyzing actual online review data from an online review platform for hotel services, this study finds that the text reviews generated after the pandemic outbreak tend to contain words with stronger negative emotions. In terms of the pronoun choice, this study further finds that the use of “I” increases while the use of “we” decreases.

Originality/value

This research adds to the existing literature on service evaluation and online customer reviews by showing that there are shifts in the expressions used to communicate service evaluation through online text reviews, including the degree of emotionality and pronoun usage. Because potential customers are likely to rely on online reviews for their own decisions, the findings suggest that it is important for practitioners to be aware of such shifts and respond accordingly.
Driving company culture in a post-pandemic world
Authors: Smith Steve
Published: June 2022

Purpose

In this paper, the author sought to explain how to convey company culture in the modern world of work.

Design/methodology/approach

The author draws upon 10+ years in the HR and recruitment field as well as recent collaborative projects with LEGO and NHS Professionals that directly link to the topic.

Findings

Research shows that candidate experience was a critical key performance indicator for everyone involved in the projects. Providing guidance videos for applicants, clearly signposting points of contact, ensuring consistency across processes and providing clear and concise communication, the employers were able to show that their business cares about the people it works with, even during a global health crisis.

Originality/value

Readers will gain valuable insight based on the author’s personal experience and expertise and may apply these lessons to drive company culture and bolster retention in their own organisations.
Fruit‐feeding butterflies depend on adult food for reproduction: Evidence from longitudinal body mass and abundance data
Authors: Molleman Freerk , Granados‐Tello Jorge , Chapman Colin A. , Tammaru Toomas
Published: June 2022

The degree to which variation in adult food availability affects the population dynamics of a species depends on its position on the capital‐income breeding continuum. The long‐lived butterflies that feed on fruits as adults constitute an example of Lepidoptera with a high degree of income breeding.

For three species of fruit‐feeding butterflies in Uganda, we assessed the contribution of income to breeding in the wild, and the consequences of variation in fruit availability for body mass and population dynamics. We interpreted body‐mass loss within individuals as well as younger individuals having higher body mass than older ones as evidence for the depletion of capital reserves.

Despite large sample sizes, we were able to show only modest body‐mass loss in one species, indicating that large‐bodied fruit‐feeding butterflies are functionally income breeders in the wild. Butterfly body mass was sensitive to environmental factors, although the responses to fruit availability and weather parameters were dominated by interactive effects. In all three species, periods of higher availability of fruit were followed by periods of higher adult abundance three to five months later, fitting the egg‐to‐adult time.

Our results suggest that adult food is rapidly used for reproduction so that body mass remains stable and population size responds to adult food availability.

For these income breeding species, the frequent periods of low adult food availability may select for extended adult longevity for the purpose of postponing reproduction to the onset of more favourable conditions.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
To drink or not to drink: A study of the association between rates of non‐drinkers and per drinker mean alcohol consumption in the Swedish general population
Authors: Raninen Jonas , Livingston Michael , Landberg Jonas , Ramstedt Mats
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Understanding how the mean consumption per drinker and rates of non‐drinking interplay to form overall per capita alcohol consumption is imperative for our understanding of population drinking. The aim of the present study is to examine the association between rates of non‐drinkers and per drinker mean alcohol consumption in the Swedish adult population and for different percentiles of drinkers.

Methods

Data came from a monthly telephone survey of drinking habits in the Swedish adult population between 2002 and 2013. Alcohol consumption and non‐drinking during the last 30 days were measured by beverage‐specific quantity‐frequency questions. Regression models estimated the association between the rate of non‐drinkers and per drinker volume on annual data. Auto‐regressive integrated moving average time‐series models estimated the association on monthly data.

Results

A significant (P < 0.01) negative association (−0.849) was found between the rate of non‐drinkers and per drinker mean volume on annual data. A unit increase in non‐drinking was associated with a decline of 0.85 cl of pure alcohol among drinkers. This finding was mirrored across all percentiles of consumption. The semi‐log models found that a 1% unit increase in the rate of non‐drinkers was followed by a 2% reduction in per drinker mean consumption. Auto‐regressive integrated moving average time‐series models verified these results.

Discussion and Conclusions

There is a significant association between the proportion of non‐drinkers and the amount of drinking among drinkers. The theory of collectivity of drinking cultures should also include the non‐drinking part of the population.
Associations between childhood family‐based nature activities and family relationship quality in emerging adulthood
Authors: Izenstark Dina , Ravindran Niyantri
Published: June 2022

Objective

To explore changes in family‐based nature activities (FBNA) across five developmental stages and investigate whether frequency and type of FBNA across the early life course is associated with greater family relationship quality in emerging adulthood.

Method

Retrospective survey data was collected from 451 undergraduate students who primarily identified as Asian American (44.9%) and Latinx (42.7%).

Results

Multilevel models showed that participants who showed greater stability in FBNA across the early life course reported more positive family relationship quality in emerging adulthood. Higher income participants' FBNA declined more rapidly as they aged, whereas lower income participants showed greater stability across five developmental stages. Greater participation in social, physical, nature, and travel types of outdoor family activities were associated with more positive family relationship quality in emerging adulthood, whereas sports and entertainment were not significantly associated.

Conclusion

Findings support the FBNA framework, suggesting that continued participation in outdoor family rituals across the early life course is associated with positive family relationship outcomes in adulthood.

Implications

Results are discussed in relation to the importance of studying outdoor family leisure rituals in the field of human development and family studies.