bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La croissance du GVT de la fonction publique : quelques éléments d'explication
Authors: Bonnaz Hervé
Published: July 2011

La croissance du GVT de la fonction publique : quelques éléments d'explication,

par Hervé Bonnaz.

Le GVT (glissement, vieillesse, technicité) est un indicateur salarial qui fournit la contribution à l'évolution de la masse des salaires d'une modification de la structure des emplois. Il est la somme du GVT interne, qui mesure la part de l'évolution salariale résultant du développement de carrière des agents et d'un terme qui fournit l'impact sur l'évolution du salaire moyen des entrées et sorties. Les mesures effectuées par l'Insee montrent que, pour la fonction publique, le GVT n'a cessé de croître depuis 1980, passant de 0,3% l'an au cours de la période 1979 à 1984 pour se stabiliser à 1% l'an depuis 1987.

L'article montre que le haut niveau de GVT observé sur la décennie 80 est une conséquence de l'élévation du niveau de technicité qui apparaît comme une tendance lourde. Pour l'avenir il faut s'attendre à une stabilisation du GVT à son niveau actuel soit 1% l'an, en raison des besoins en enseignants du secondaire, qui sont des agents de catégorie A.
Politique financière de la firme et système complet de demande de facteurs
Authors: Bronsard Camille , Ouellette Pierre , Salvas-Bronsard Lise
Published: July 2011

Politique financière de la firme et système complet d'offre et de demande de facteurs,

par Camille Bronsard, Pierre Ouellette et Lise Salvas-Bronsard.

Dans cet article nous présentons une axiomatisation conjointe de la technologie, des anticipations et des liens contractuels entre l'entreprise et ses actionnaires pour dériver un système complet d'offre et de demande de facteurs incluant les actifs financiers. Ce système est structuré via un lemme d'Hotelling approprié au contexte temporaire. Il est démontré qu'il existe des relationsd'équivalence entre les caractéristiques des fonctions d'anticipation, d'une part, et la relation entre la fonction de profit et les fonctions d'offre nettes de même qu'avec le théorème de Modigliani-Miller, d'autre part.

Mots-clés: Contexte temporaire, lemme d'Hotelling, théorème de Modigliani-Miller, système complet d'offre et de demande de facteurs, effet d'encaisse réelle.
La réduction du temps de travail dans les modèles de chômage d'équilibre : une revue de la littérature
Authors: Corneo Giacomo
Published: July 2011

La reducción del tiempo de trabajo en los modelos de paro de equilibrio : un examen de la literatura,

por Giacomo Corneo.

Presentamos una revisión de la literatura que examina las consecuencias de una reducción del tiempo de trabajo dentro del marco de los modelos de paro de equilibrio. Examinamos ante todo el impacto de una reducción de la duración legal del trabajo sobre la demanda de trabajo con salario horario constante. La evolución de los salarios horarios esta determinada utilizando los modelos de négociación salarial y los modelos de salario de eficiencia. Los modelos de paro de equilibrio llegan, por regla general, a conclusiones muy pesimistas frente a la posibilidad de reducir el paro disminuyendo la duración del trabajo. Sin embargo, proponemos diferentes contraejemplos que ponen de manifiesto la fragilidad de algunos de los resultados obtenidos.
Salaire d'efficience et politique de l'emploi. Une étude de quelques propositions
Authors: Zenou Yves
Published: July 2011

Salaire d'efficience et politique de l'emploi.

Une étude de quelques propositions,

par Yves Zenou.

En s'appuyant sur un modèle de salaire d'efficience avec concurrence monopolistique sur le marché des produits, des propositions de politiques d'emploi sont étudiées : un système de subvention de l'emploi financé par une taxe sur les salaires, une subvention marginale de l'emploi financée par une imposition entramarginale, et une subvention forfaitaire de l'emploi financée par une taxe sur la croissance des salaires. On montre que ces différentes politiques réduiront le taux de chômage d'équilibre.
Une évaluation empirique de la rationalité des étudiants et étudiantes belges (1954-1987)
Authors: De Meulemeester Jean-Luc
Published: July 2011

Une évaluation empirique de la rationalité des étudiants et étudiantes belges (1954-1987),

par Jean-Luc de Meulemeester.

Dans cet article, on évalue le degré de rationalité économique des jeunes belges qui se sont engagés dans des études universitaires de 1954 à 1987. On estime pour ce faire un modèle de toile d'araignée à la Freeman (1989), sous diverses hypothèses quant à la formation des anticipations. Un modèle récursif avec anticipations adaptatives et ajustement partiel est retenu. Les hommes ont des anticipations plus statiques que les femmes ; les anticipations ne sont pas rationnelles. On conclut en notant le caractère irréversible de l'investissement éducatif, dans un contexte de très haute incertitude. L'absence d'anticipations rationnelles ne peut dès lors permettre de conclure à une rationalité faible des agents.
La rémunération des services environnementaux rendus par l'agriculture
Authors: Madelin Virginie
Published: July 2011

La retribución de los servicios medioambientales prestados por la agricultura,

por Virginie Madelin.

La reforma de la Política agrícola común de Mayo de 1992 ha reconocido explícitamente el papel de la agricultura en la gestión del medio ambiente. Los efectos positivos de la agricultura sobre el medio ambiente no se encuentran por lo general retribuídos por el mercado a su justo precio social y por lo tanto no se producen a la altura de lo óptimo social. A cada uno de los objetivos de regulación de los mercados, de equidad social y de protección del medio ambiente corresponde un tipo de instrumento. La justa retribución de los servicios medioambientales supone medir el valor social, necesariamente mediante métodos indirectes. Debe ser pagada directamente por los usuarios o mediante ayudas públicas, asociadas a contrapartidas précisas y desconectadas de objetivos puramente sociales.
L'évolution des rendements céréaliers dans une situation d'efficacité allocative
Authors: Vermersch Dominique
Published: July 2011

Die Entwicklung der Getreideerträge bei leistungsstarkem Faktoreinsatz,

von Dominique Vermesch.

Die Regulierung des Getreideangebotes stellt eines der wesentlichen Anliegen der Reform der Gemeinsamen Agrarpolitik vom Mai 1992 dar. Somit kommt der kurz- und mittelfristigen Entwicklung der Getreideerträge eine überaus wichtige Bedeutung zu. Sie wird anhand eines parametrischen Modells analysiert, wobei von einem leistungsstarken Faktoreinsatz der Landwirte ausgegangen wird. Die Abnahme der Erträge ist bei den verschiedenen berücksichtigten Fällen zwar nicht von der Hand zu weisen, es wird jedoch das Vorhandensein von Effekten aufgezeigt, die sie hemmen: Flächenstillegung, Situation der abnehmenden Erträge, Situation der Starrheit bei manchen Faktoren, wie der Anbaufläche oder der Arbeit.
La stratégie communautaire de régulation de l'effet de serre : quels enjeux pour la France ?
Authors: Beaumais Olivier , Bréchet Thierry
Published: July 2011

The Community Strategy to Curb the Greenhouse Effect: The Implications for France,

by Olivier Beaumais and Thierry Bréchet.

The Community proposal to introduce a tax on carbon and energy is one of the key projects in the efforts to set up a policy to prevent global warming. The high level of the proposed tax (approximately 1.5% of GDP) and the asserted principle of tax neutrality (which posits that existing taxes should be reduced when this new tax is introduced) have prompted us to evaluate the macroeconomic impact of such a strategy using the system of Hermès-Midas models. Several tax redeployment scenarios showing the French economy's room for manoeuvre in such a context are thus studied. In addition to the choice between labour taxes and energy taxes, we consider the potential contribution of energy-saving investments to the attainment of the Community aim of stabilizing carbon dioxide emissions.
Aoste (Isère) : un centre de production de céramiques (fin du Ier s. av. J.-C - fin du Iers. ap. J.-C). Fouilles récentes (1983-1984)
Authors: Laroche Colette , Bucur Ileana
Published: July 2011

A center of production of pottery was discovered in the Vicus Augustum (Aoste, Isère). It contains 5 kilns, 5 clay storage pits, many pits of earth extraction, a shed and a pottery dump. In spite of the lack of a complete documentation concerning the whole map of the structures, it is possible to establish a chronology. The plentiful ceramic material from the storage area made it possible to draw up a typology of production offering a wide range of varieties, such as : sigillate imitations, ceramics covered with earthy material in order to hide the initial colour of the pottery, Dechelette 69, thin ceramic without earthy covering, thin ceramics, painted ceramics, light coloured common ceramics, dark common ceramics, amphorae and dolia. The fact that certain types of ceramics, especially mortars bearing the signature of C. Atisius Sabinius and the Dechelette 69, have been found in distant sites gives evidence of the significance of this pottery center in Augustum in the 1st century A.D.
Les nécropoles de Vernègues (B.-du-Rh.). Deux ensembles funéraires du Haut-Empire à la périphérie d'une agglomération secondaire
Authors: Chapon Philippe , Bussière Jean , Delattre Liliane , Feugère Michel , Richier-Laurent Anne , Roth-Congès Anne , Villemeur Isabelle , Écard Philippe , Michel Denis
Published: July 2011

Les nécropoles des Communaux de Saint-Cézaire et de l'Héritière ont été découvertes à l'occasion des travaux du TGV Sud-Est, à proximité du temple antique de Château-bas à Vernègues (Bouches-du-Rhône). Le bon état de conservation des 76 structures funéraires fouillées (fosses de crémation et sépultures), datées entre le milieu du Ier s. et le début du IIIe s., a permis une étude détaillée des offrandes et du déroulement des cérémonies accompagnant la crémation. Cette étude relance également la problématique sur la présence d'une agglomération secondaire autour du temple avec la découverte de ces deux nécropoles et de voies inédites.
Changes in monoterpene mixing ratios during summer storms in rural New Hampshire (USA)
Authors: Haase K. B. , Jordan C. , Mentis E. , Cottrell L. , Mayne H. R. , Talbot R. , Sive B. C.
Published: July 2011

Abstract. Monoterpenes are an important class of biogenic hydrocarbons that influence ambient air quality and are a principle source of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Emitted from vegetation, monoterpenes are a product of photosynthesis and act as a response to a variety of environmental factors. Most parameterizations of monoterpene emissions are based on clear weather models that do not take into account episodic conditions that can drastically change production and release rates into the atmosphere. Here, the ongoing monoterpene dataset from the rural Thompson Farm measurement site in Durham, New Hampshire is examined in the context of a set of known severe storm events. While some storm systems had a negligible influence on ambient monoterpene mixing ratios, the average storm event increased mixing ratios by 0.59 ± 0.21 ppbv, a factor of 93 % above pre-storm levels. In some events, mixing ratios reached the 10's of ppbv range and persisted overnight. These mixing ratios correspond to increases in the monoterpene emission rate, ranging from 120 to 1240 g km−2 h−1 compared to an estimated clear weather rate of 116 to 193 g km−2 h−1. Considering the regularity of storm events over most forested areas, this could be an important factor to consider when modeling global monoterpene emissions and their resulting influence on the formation of organic aerosols.
Physically-based modeling of topographic effects on spatial evapotranspiration and soil moisture patterns in complex terrain
Authors: Liu M. , Bárdossy A. , Li J. , Jiang Y.
Published: July 2011

Abstract. Simulation with the Soil Water Atmosphere Plant (SWAP) model is performed to quantify the spatial variability of evapotranspiration (ET) and soil moisture content (SMC) caused by topography-induced spatial wind and radiation differences. The field scale SWAP model is applied in a distributed way, i.e. for each grid, assuming linear groundwater table, identical boundary conditions and no lateral flow. Input of spatial wind and solar radiation are obtained with the adapted r.sun model and the meso-scale METRAS PC model based on physical mechanisms respectively. Both potential and actual ET, as well as the individual components of evaporation and transpiration are calculated by the model. The numerical experiments are conducted for grids at two different resolutions (100 m and 1000 m) to evaluate the scale effects. At fine scale, both solar radiation and wind have a strong effect on spatial ET/SMC pattern, whereas at coarse scale, the wind effect dominates. The results show a strong spatial and temporal intra-catchment variability in daily/annual total ET and less variability in soil moisture. The spatial variability in ET is associated with a difference in total amount of runoff generated, which may lead to a significant consequence in catchment water balance, snowmelt and rainfall-runoff generation processes.
Global optimization based on subspaces elimination: Applications to generalized pooling and water management problems
Authors: Faria Débora C. , Bagajewicz Miguel J.
Published: July 2011

A global optimization strategy based on the partition of the feasible region in boxed subspaces defined by the partition of specific variables into intervals is described. Using a valid lower bound model, we create a master problem that determines several subspaces where the global optimum may exist, disregarding the others. Each subspace is then explored using a global optimization methodology of choice. The purpose of the method is to speed up the search for a global solution by taking advantage of the fact that tighter lower bounds can be generated within each subspace. We illustrate the method using the generalized pooling problem and a water management problem, which is a bilinear problem that has proven to be difficult to solve using other methods. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 2336–2345, 2012
An expert model for estimation of the performance of direct dimethyl ether synthesis from synthesis gas
Authors: Moradi G. R. , Parvizian F.
Published: July 2011

In this work, an artificial neural network (ANN) has been trained and tested for estimation of the performance of direct synthesis of dimethyl ether (DME) from synthesis gas. Yield and selectivity of DME production and also conversion of CO could be predicted when temperature and pressure of reactor and H2/CO molar ratio in feed have been specified. The results of ANN estimation for yield of DME, selectivity of DME and CO conversion are in very good agreement with experimental values. For this development, database was collected from our previous experiment. The accuracy and trend stability of the trained networks were tested against unseen data. Different training schemes for the back‐propagation learning algorithm, such as: Scaled Conjugate Gradient (SCG), Levenberg–Marquardt (LM), Gradient Descent with Momentum (GDM), variable learning rate Back propagation (GDA) and Resilient back Propagation (RP) methods were used. The SCG algorithm with seven neurons in the hidden layer shows the best suitable algorithm with the minimum average absolute relative error 0.05231.
Semiparametric transformation models for multivariate panel count data with dependent observation process
Authors: Li Ni , Park Do‐Hwan , Sun Jianguo , Kim KyungMann
Published: July 2011

This article discusses regression analysis of multivariate panel count data in which the observation process may contain relevant information about or be related to the underlying recurrent event processes of interest. Such data occur if a recurrent event study involves several related types of recurrent events and the observation scheme or process may be subject‐specific. For the problem, a class of semiparametric transformation models is presented, which provides a great flexibility for modelling the effects of covariates on the recurrent event processes. For estimation of regression parameters, an estimating equation‐based inference procedure is developed and the asymptotic properties of the resulting estimates are established. Also the proposed approach is evaluated by simulation studies and applied to the data arising from a skin cancer chemoprevention trial. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 39: 458–474; 2011 © 2011 Statistical Society of Canada
SKILLS DEVELOPMENT FOR INCOME GENERATION IN RURAL AREAS—CAN DONORS LEARN?
Authors: Wallenborn Manfred
Published: July 2011

A donor‐supported project in three Central Asian countries used rural vocational education and training (VET) schools of the formal education system to promote income generation for adults. These schools are responsible for initial VET and not for non‐formal skills training of adults. They received capacity building support from local experts to cope with the new tasks. They acquired, through additional peer learning events, competencies to design and conduct demand‐driven training for rural workers. Meanwhile, the schools are performing well, and the beneficiaries of the programmes increased their income. Schools are no longer isolated educational institutions but an important networking part in rural development. The project's experience is discussed in the context of the international discussion. Conclusions for interventions and international VET cooperation are drawn: the existing (VET) resources should be used more systematically in community development approaches accompanied by capacity building for school staff. The intervention required simultaneously a policy dialogue with the line ministries. The dialogue is based on the evidence of best practice. This is a precondition for ownership‐driven policies to reform VET systems in Central Asia towards demand driven training for adults. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
E‐selectin rs5361 and FCGR2A rs1801274 variants were associated with increased risk of gastric cancer in a Chinese population
Authors: Xia Hong‐Zhen , Du Wei‐Dong , Wu Qiang , Chen Gang , Zhou Yuan , Tang Xian‐Fa , Tang Hua‐Yang , Liu Yi , Yang Feng , Ruan Jian , Xu Song , Zuo Xian‐Bo , Zhang Xue‐Jun
Published: July 2011

Host immune responses are critical steps for carcinogenesis. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in immunoregulatory genes may influence gastric cancer risk. We performed a genotyping analysis for immunoregulatory genes in 311 gastric cancer cases and 425 controls from a Chinese population. We found that there were significant differences of E‐selectin variant rs5361 (A>C) and FCGR2A variant rs1801274 (T>C) between cases and controls (P = 0.022 and P = 0.0001, respectively). Logistic regression analysis indicated that genotype of E‐selectin rs5361AC increased the risk of gastric cancer significantly (P = 0.026, adjusted Odds ratio (OR) = 2.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.13–7.12). C allele of E‐selectin rs5361 showed a significant increased frequency in cases (P = 0.023). However, the E‐selectin variant did not affect the protein expression. E‐selectin protein was observed not only in tumor interstitial vascular endothelial cells, but also in gastric cancer cells at primary and metastatic sites. The protein was associated with clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer, such as age (P = 0.008), tumor size (P = 0.027), differentiation (P = 0.000), and tumor‐node‐metastasis (TNM) stage (P = 0.006). CT and CC + CT genotypes of FCGR2A variant rs1801274 increased gastric cancer risk (P = 0.000, adjusted OR = 1.92, 95%CI = 1.36–2.72; P = 0.003, adjusted OR = 1.68, 95%CI = 1.20–2.35, respectively). Interleukin‐4 receptor (IL‐4R) variant rs2107356 presented negative correlations to E‐selectin variant rs5361 and FCGR2A variant rs1801274 (P = 0.035 and P = 0.023) in conferring susceptibility to gastric cancer. We concluded E‐selectin variant rs5361 and FCGR2A variant rs1801274 were significantly associated with gastric cancer risk. Expression of E‐selectin protein would promote progression of gastric cancer. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A compact circular‐ring antenna for ultra‐wideband applications
Authors: Liu L. , Cheung S.W. , Azim R. , Islam M. T.
Published: July 2011

A simple circular‐ring planar‐monopole antenna, with a compact size of 26 × 28 mm2, fed by an offset‐microstrip line, is proposed. The antenna is composed of a circular‐ring radiator and a ground plane with a small rectangular slot cut along the upper edge for ultra‐wideband (UWB) operation. Studies of the antenna are carried out using computer simulation. Prototype of the antenna is used for verification of the simulation results. Results show that the antenna has an impedance bandwidth of more than 132% (from 3.7 to more than 18 GHz) for the standing wave ratio of less than 2 (voltage standing wave ratio, VSWR ≤ 2), a stable omnidirectional radiation pattern and an average peak gain of 3.97 dBi across the UWB, making the antenna a good candidate for use in UWB communications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2283–2288, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26295
Influence of salts on starch degradation: Part I – sodium chloride
Authors: Moreau Lydie , Bindzus Wolfgang , Hill Sandra
Published: July 2011

To reduce the amount of salt in cereal‐based products without changing their properties, it is necessary to understand the role of salt in the product. Native wx maize, cassava or potato starch were mixed with sodium chloride (NaCl; 0–4% dry weight basis; moisture adjusted to 20% wet weight basis; wwb) and were heated at 230°C for 45 min. Presence of salt enhanced colour formation proportionally to its concentration. Microscopic observations, wide angle X‐ray, DSC and intrinsic viscosity data all suggested that the starch granule and the starch polymer were degraded by such heat treatment. Presence of NaCl enhanced the degradation proportionally to its concentration. This degradation might lead to the formation of smaller molecules which potentially could then caramelise during the heat treatment. This mechanism may explain the impact of salt on colour formation in cereal‐based products.
Imaging of dopamine D2/3 agonist binding in cocaine dependence: A [11C]NPA positron emission tomography study
Authors: Narendran Rajesh , Martinez Diana , Mason Neale Scott , Lopresti Brian J. , Himes Michael L. , Chen Chi‐Min , May Maureen A. , Price Julie C. , Mathis Chester A. , Frankle W. Gordon
Published: July 2011

Objective: Positron emission tomography (PET) studies performed with [11C]raclopride have consistently reported lower binding to D2/3 receptors and lower amphetamine‐induced dopamine (DA) release in cocaine abusers relative to healthy controls. A limitation of these studies that were performed with D2/3 antagonist radiotracers such as [11C]raclopride is the failure to provide information that is specific to D2/3 receptors configured in a state of high affinity for the agonists (i.e., D2/3 receptors coupled to G‐proteins, D2/3 HIGH). As the endogenous agonist DA binds with preference to D2/3 HIGH relative to D2/3 LOW receptors (i.e., D2/3 receptors uncoupled to G‐proteins) it is critical to understand the in vivo status of D2/3 HIGH receptors in cocaine dependence. Thus, we measured the available fraction of D2/3
HIGH receptors in 10 recently abstinent cocaine abusers (CD) and matched healthy controls (HC) with the D2/3 antagonist and agonist PET radiotracers [11C]raclopride and [11C]NPA. Methods:[11C]raclopride and [11C]NPA binding potential (BP) (BPND) in the striatum were measured with kinetic analysis using the arterial input function. The available fraction of D2/3 HIGH receptors, i.e., % RHIGH available = D2/3 HIGH/(D2/3 HIGH + D2/3 LOW) was then computed as the ratio of [11C]NPA BPND/[11C]raclopride BPND. Results:No differences in striatal [11C]NPA BPND (HC = 1.00 ± 0.17; CD = 0.97 ± 0.17, P = 0.67) or available % RHIGH (HC = 39% ± 5%; CD = 41% ± 5%, P = 0.50) was observed between cocaine abusers and matched controls. Conclusions: The results of this [11C]NPA PET study do not support alterations in D2/3 HIGH binding in the striatum in cocaine dependence. Synapse, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Drugs and Narcotics in History
Authors: Porter Roy , Teich Mikulas
Published: July 2011

This collection of essays explores the complex and contested histories of drugs and narcotics in societies from ancient Greece to the present day. The Greek term pharmakon means both medicament and poison. The book shows how this verbal ambivalence encapsulates the ambiguity of man's use of chemically-active substances over the centuries to diminish pain, fight disease, and correct behaviour. It shows that the major substances so used, from herbs of the field to laboratory-produced synthetic medicines, have a healing potential, and have been widely employed both within and outside the medical profession. The boundary lines between use and abuse in society have been powerfully contested, while 'alternative' medicine has often sought to develop milder, purer, or more natural drugs. Clearly, these issues remain unresolved today: some highly addictive and dangerous substances such as cigarettes remain freely available, others are available only on prescription, while others are illegal and the objects of international contraband trade and the targets of 'drugs wars'.
Elements of Algebra
Authors: Euler Leonard
Published: July 2011

In 1770, one of the founders of pure mathematics, Swiss mathematician Leonard Euler (1707–1783), published Elements of Algebra, a mathematics textbook for students. This edition of Euler's classic, published in 1822, is an English translation which includes notes added by Euler's tutor, Johann Bernoulli, and additions by Joseph-Louis Lagrange, both giants in eighteenth-century mathematics, as well as a short biography of Euler. Part 1 begins with elementary mathematics of determinate quantities and includes four sections on simple calculations (adding, subtracting, division, multiplication), and then progresses to compound calculations (fractions), ratios and proportions and algebraic equations. Part 2 consists of 15 chapters on analyses of indeterminate quantities. Here, Euler shows the reader several ways to solve polynomial equations up to the fourth degree. This landmark book showed students the beauty of mathematics, and more significantly, how to do it.
Other Worlds Than Ours
Authors: Proctor Richard Anthony
Published: July 2011

The English astronomer Richard A. Proctor was already a well-known populariser of science when he published Other Worlds Than Ours in 1870, joining a ferocious debate about the possibility of life on other planets in which Whewell (1853) and Brewster (1854) had also participated. Taking his cue from the seventeenth-century French astronomer Fontenelle's classic book The Plurality of Worlds, Proctor discusses Victorian discoveries about the solar system and describes what was then known about each of the planets. He evaluates the habitability of Mars, Jupiter, Mercury, Venus and Saturn in the light of his belief in the possibility of extraterrestrial life. The text includes many illustrations of the planets, a spectacular map of Mars, and theoretical views of the Milky Way. Influenced by Darwin, Proctor had a teleological view of the universe and believed that eventually the cosmos would be filled with living things.
The Austrian Officer at Work and at Play
Authors: Gerard Dorothea
Published: July 2011

Dorothea Gerard (1855–1915) was a British novelist specialising in romances. A prolific writer, she often dealt with controversial and unconventional topics. In 1886, while living with her sister in the Austrian province of Galicia, she married the Austrian military officer Julius Longard de Longgarde, and remained a resident of the Austrian Empire for the rest of her life. This volume, first published in 1913, contains Gerard's study of the officer class of the Austrian Imperial Army. She indicates the historical background of the development of the Austrian army, together with a detailed description of the life of contemporary Imperial officers. The book provides fascinating insights into how the myriad constituent nationalities of the Austrian Empire became a cohesive military force and distinct social class within the Empire. For more information on this author, see http://orlando.cambridge.org/public/svPeople?person_id=gerado
Catalogue of the Fifteenth-Century Printed Books in the University Library, Cambridge
Authors: Oates John Claud Trewinard
Published: July 2011

J. C. T. Oates began work at Cambridge University Library in 1936. During his long, scholarly career, which included serving as president of the Bibliographical Societies of London and Cambridge, he did much to further research at the University Library. In 1954 he published this catalogue of the fifteenth-century printed books, which were not included in the main library catalogues. The catalogue lists over 4250 items, with detailed information for those not already described in other publications, and gives references to such information where it already existed. The fifteenth-century material is listed by place of publication, and is indexed by author, title if anonymous, printer, and former owners and autographs. Although modern catalogues of incunabula are now available online, Oates' catalogue is the only one allowing readers to locate items held by the Library from the earliest days of printing, and is still an important tool for researchers.
A History of Pisa
Authors: Heywood William
Published: July 2011

William Heywood (1857–1919) experiencd a variety of jobs, including working as a lawyer, a cowboy and a newspaper editor, before retiring to Siena in Italy in 1894 and becoming a specialist in medieval Italian history. His unorthodox background is shown in his holistic interpretation of the growth of Pisa in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, in contrast to the treatment of historical material by contemporary historians. Heywood examines the politics, society and religion of Pisa to chart the growth of the city from a small port at the end of the Roman period to a powerful city-state by the end of the twelfth century. He is also the first historian to recognise the importance of maritime power struggles between other city-states as an integral part of Pisa's rise to power. This volume provides a valuable addition to the study of the historiography of medieval Italy.
Medieval Panorama
Authors: Coulton G. G.
Published: July 2011

First published in 1938 and reprinted many times, this book by the distinguished medievalist G. G. Coulton (1858–1947) was described by The Times Literary Supplement as 'a triumph of presentation ... This survey is in short an achievement notable alike for its erudition and also for the grace with which such learning is here so lightly carried. ... it would be hard to discover a better introduction to the everyday life of England during those pregnant centuries between the Norman Conquest and the Reformation'. Fifty-two chapters based on a lifetime of research cover every aspect of medieval life, from the emergence of feudalism to 'the bursting of the dykes' at the Reformation. The focus is largely on England, but the European context is also clearly defined in this remarkable synthesis: as a review in The Observer said at first publication, 'There is no one else like Dr Coulton.'
Voyages and Works of John Davis, the Navigator
Authors: Davis John
Published: July 2011

The publications of the Hakluyt Society (founded in 1846) made available edited (and sometimes translated) early accounts of exploration. The first series, which ran from 1847 to 1899, consists of 100 books containing published or previously unpublished works by authors from Christopher Columbus to Sir Francis Drake, and covering voyages to the New World, to China and Japan, to Russia and to Africa and India. John Davis (c.1543–1605) was an eminent explorer and navigator who published two highly influential guides to practical navigation in 1594 and 1595 and invented an improved version of a navigational instrument known as the Davis quadrant. This book, first published in 1880, includes these two guides, The Seaman's Secret and The Worlds' Hydrographical Description, together with accounts of the three voyages John Davis undertook in search of the North-West Passage between 1585 and 1587.
The History of Maritime and Inland Discovery
Authors: Cooley William Desborough
Published: July 2011

William Desborough Cooley (1795–1883) was a geographer and historian, the author of a collection of influential texts on the development of geographical study, and a key founding member of the Hakluyt Society. First published as a complete set in 1831 as part of Dionysius Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia, this is the history in three volumes of the development of the geographical sciences through travel and exploration. Each volume is divided chronologically by historical era, tracing the pursuit of geographical discovery by both land and sea from the Roman Empire to the Himalayan expeditions of the early nineteenth century. Featuring a comprehensive index, this expertly compiled reference text will aid any study of the history of travel and exploration. This first volume covers the period spanning the ancient Greeks to the Middle Ages. Highlights include sections on the development of cartography and the relationship between geography and commerce.
Romilly's Cambridge Diary, 1832–42
Authors: Romilly Joseph
Published: July 2011

The Rev. Joseph Romilly (1791–1864) was a bachelor clergyman of the Church of England, a Fellow of Trinity College, and from 1832 to 1861, Registrary of the University of Cambridge. He kept a regular diary from 1829 to his death, and this selection, introduced and edited by J. P. T. Bury, covers the years 1832–1842. Romilly was a cultured and travelled man of means; he met many of the ablest scholars and leaders of his day, and was a welcome guest in great houses. This volume, which begins in the year of Romilly's election as Registrary, is a unique record of Cambridge before the Royal Commission of 1852, with many valuable sidelights on nineteenth-century society and on intellectual life – or the more relaxed side of it.
Society in America
Authors: Martineau Harriet
Published: July 2011

The British scholar Harriet Martineau spent two years travelling throughout the United States before writing her three-volume commentary, Society in America, in 1837. Her lengthy journey began in New York in the autumn of 1834, less than sixty years after the birth of the United States, and she immersed herself in the politics, economics, civilisation and religions of the country before returning to England in the summer of 1836. Her travels took her to the nation's capital, where she enjoyed the hospitality of the president, witnessed Supreme Court proceedings and visited both houses of Congress. She also went to prisons, hospitals and mental institutions, literary and scientific foundations, factories, plantations and farms around the land; lived in farmhouses and log cabins; and travelled by horse, stagecoach and steamboat. This first volume focuses on the United States government and the morals of American politics.
Scientific Papers
Authors: Strutt John William
Published: July 2011

This volume includes papers from 1887, when Lord Rayleigh became Professor of Natural Philosophy at the Royal Institution in London, to 1892. An 1888 contribution on the densities of hydrogen and oxygen led to a series of experiments on the densities of the atmospheric gases. This resulted in the unsettling discovery that the density of atmospheric nitrogen seemed very slightly to exceed the density of nitrogen derived from its chemical compounds. A substantial 1888 paper, on the wave theory of light, was written for the Encyclopaedia Britannica in the immediate aftermath of the crucial Michelson–Morley experiment in which the speed of light had been measured. In addition, this wide-ranging volume shows Rayleigh's developing interest in the properties of liquid surfaces, with a discourse on foams (1890), and a paper on surface films (1892). It also includes a charming brief appreciation (1890) of James Clerk Maxwell's legacy to science.
A History of St Catharine’s College, Cambridge
Authors: Jones William Henry Samuel
Published: July 2011

A History of St Catharine's College, Cambridge, by W. H. S. Jones, was originally published in 1936. The book documents the history of the college, which was founded in 1473 by Robert Woodlark, then the Provost of King's College. It is thought the name was chosen in honour of Catharine of France, the mother of King Henry VI, although it is also possible that it was named as part of the Renaissance cult of St Catharine, a patron saint of learning. The book charts the history of the college from the foundation to the 1930s, and is divided into chapters on topics including domestic history, key figures, and a section on documents, including statutes, income, authorities and correspondence. The book is generally acknowledged to be the authoritative text on St Catharine's College and will appeal to anyone interested in the University of Cambridge.
War at Sea Under Queen Anne 1702–1708
Authors: Owen John Hely
Published: July 2011

Under Queen Anne, who reigned from 1702 to 1714, the expansion of the British Fleet begun by William III continued, with her husband Prince George as Lord High Admiral. The major naval battles of her reign were decisive in maintaining Britain's supremacy over France in the War of Spanish Succession. This book, first published in 1938, is an account of the Navy's role in Queen Anne's wars against France by Winston Churchill's naval historical adviser John Owen (1890–1970) whose own experience in the Navy equipped him to write from an insider's perspective about daily life and strategic decisions. He provides lively descriptions of the important figures of the age, drawn from extensive research in the original records. The book is illustrated with maps and portraits. It includes appendices explaining the Navy's organisation and listing facts and figures about the ships then active.
Through the Yang-tse Gorges
Authors: Little Archibald John
Published: July 2011

Through the Yang-tse Gorges is Archibald Little's diary (published in London in 1888) of his journey up the Yangtze River from Shanghai to Chongqing by a native junk boat in 1883. Little strongly advocated the introduction of steam travel on the upper part of the river between Yichang and Chongqing, a port open to Western trade. The upper Yangtze was full of gorges and rapids which made travel treacherous; Little's journey by junk boat took a month, whereas the journey by steamship would have taken only 36 hours. He was repeatedly rebuffed in his attempts to introduce steam travel to the upper Yangtze by the Chinese government, which he accused of standing in the way of modernisation. He successfully introduced a steamship on the upper Yangtze river in 1898. Several other books by Little and by his intrepid wife are also reissued in this series.
The Land of the Blue Gown
Authors: Little Alicia E. Neve
Published: July 2011

In the Land of the Blue Gown, first published in 1908, is a thorough and descriptive non-fiction work by Mrs Archibald Little. Born in 1845, she became best known for her travel writing and for her campaign against the Chinese custom of foot-binding. Mrs Little travelled widely both alone and with her husband, Archibald (1838–1909), and eventually settled in the Sichuan province of China. She admired many aspects of Chinese culture, but made it her life's work to become a vigorous leader of the anti-foot-binding movement. This book paints a marvellously descriptive account of her travels to Beijing and remoter parts, and describes her views on the culture, scenery, customs, religion, and much more. The book is extensively illustrated throughout, and also includes a chapter on her 'anti-foot-binding tour'. Other books by Mrs Little and her husband are also reissued in this series.
Teneriffe, an Astronomer's Experiment
Authors: Smyth Charles Piazzi
Published: July 2011

The experiences and challenges undertaken by C. Piazzi Smyth during his expedition to Tenerife on behalf of the Astronomer Royal are richly depicted and illustrated in this descriptive report of a major scientific expedition's course. The experiment was 'to ascertain how far astronomical observation can be improved, by eliminating the lower third part of the atmosphere'. This account of the data collection process details the flexibility and adjustments that were required throughout the course of this experiment, and the practical organisational difficulties and delights of leading such an expedition. The joys and interest of travelling in a foreign land are described with anecdotes of the people, flora, fauna and geography; particularly the research area, a volcano. Although first published in 1858 this detailed account of the experience of collecting precise scientific data in a challenging environment provides fascinating insights for any scientist undertaking research in the wild.
The Story of the Heavens
Authors: Ball Robert S.
Published: July 2011

An Irish astronomer and talented mathematician, Sir Robert Stawell Ball (1840–1913) was also a prolific writer of popular astronomy. As a young man, Ball conducted observations of nebulae using Lord Rosse's telescope – at the time the largest in the world. His Story of the Heavens displays the same fascination with the beauties and mysteries of the sky, providing a detailed survey of the history and contemporary situation of the solar system, and speculating about the possibility of life on other planets. Originally published in 1885, when Ball was Andrews Professor of Astronomy in the University of Dublin and Royal Astronomer of Ireland, this beautifully illustrated volume covers all eight planets, the Sun, as well as double stars, distant suns, comets, and the Milky Way. Extremely popular in its time, this book remains relevant today for its historical account of astronomy as a science.
Star-Land
Authors: Ball Robert Stawell
Published: July 2011

Sir Robert Stawell Ball's Star-Land of 1889 is based on some of his Christmas Lectures at the Royal Institution during his time as royal astronomer of Ireland, a post he held from 1874 to 1892. These lectures were aimed at a young audience in order to introduce them to the subject, and fire their interest in the wonders of the universe. This volume includes lectures on the sun, the moon, the inner and giant planets, comets and shooting stars, and stars. It also contains a chapter on the observation and naming of stars. Ball was a renowned public lecturer, with commissions across Britain, Ireland and the United States, where his anecdotal and conversational style won him much popularity. The author of several frequently reprinted science books, he was knighted in 1886 and in 1892 became Lowendean professor of astronomy at Cambridge and the director of the university observatory.
Unbeaten Tracks in Japan
Authors: Bird Isabella Lucy
Published: July 2011

Isabella Bird's Unbeaten Tracks in Japan was published in 1880 and recounts her travels in the Far East from 1876. Bird was recommended an open-air life from an early age as a cure for her physical and nervous difficulties. She toured the United States and Canada, New Zealand, Australia and the Sandwich Islands, before travelling to the Far East in order to strengthen herself to marry Dr John Bishop and live in Edinburgh. Created out of the letters Bird wrote home, primarily to her sister, Volume 1 recounts her experiences as a solo woman traveller living among the Japanese in Yokohama and Niigata. It includes descriptions of clothing, food and drink, education, housing, theatre, women's lifestyles, religion, plant life, medicine, shopping and other day-to-day activities, as well as the vicissitudes and excitement of the conditions and process of travelling, including by boat and pack-horse.
Reise in den Orient
Authors: Tischendorf Constantin von
Published: July 2011

Reise in den Orient (1846) is the German biblical scholar Constantin von Tischendorf's recollection of his journey to Egypt, Israel and Greece at the beginning of the 1840s. The work is a travel diary that vividly describes Tischendorf's meeting with mythological places and impressive men, and a learned account of the Christian history of the area. Volume 1 describes his encounter with Ibrahim Pasha and the humanism of Mehmet Ali. Tischendorf undertakes research in the Library of the Patriarch of Alexandria and visits the pyramids, only to compare them with one of the great German cathedrals. At the Monastery of Saint Catherine on Mount Sinai, Tischendorf makes an extraordinary and significant discovery - a fourth-century manuscript, one of the main witnesses to the Septuagint. Thereafter he sets off for Jerusalem and en route takes delight in the fascinating and ancient traditions of the Bedouins, and their camels.
Five Years in an English University
Authors: Bristed Charles Astor
Published: July 2011

Charles Astor Bristed (1820–1874) was an American scholar and author, and the first American writer to defend American English spelling. Having graduated from Trinity College in 1845 he published this account of his experiences at the university in 1852 to provide accurate, first-hand information for Americans about study in an English university, with the intention of starting a debate over the inclusion of aspects of English higher education in the American system. Volume 1 contains his recollections of his time in Cambridge as an undergraduate, with detailed descriptions of daily life, examinations, lectures and activities outside academia. Written for those with no experience of the university, this volume provides a valuable insight into the daily life of a student at Cambridge in the middle of the nineteenth century while also providing explanations for the aspects of the institution which to the outsider might seem strange.
History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages
Authors: Gregorovius Ferdinand
Published: July 2011

Ferdinand Gregorovius (1821–1891) was a celebrated German medieval historian. After studying philosophy and theology at the University of Königsberg, Gregorovius moved to Rome in 1852, and became immersed in researching the medieval history of the city. First published in 1872, his monumental study of medieval Rome was the first modern account of the subject, and became the standard reference. This English translation of the fourth German edition appeared between 1894 and 1902. In his work Gregorovius discusses the political, social and cultural changes in the city from 400 to 1534, making extensive use of primary sources. Gregorovius also includes the Renaissance in his study, showing how medieval thought and events influenced political and cultural life and thought during the Renaissance. Volume 1 covers the period 400–568 and describes the events and aftermath of the sack of Rome by the Vandals in 476.
Pembroke College Cambridge
Authors: Attwater Aubrey
Published: July 2011

This short history of Pembroke College, Cambridge appeared in 1936, during a particularly successful period for the college in terms of both academic and sporting achievements. Pembroke was founded in 1347, when Edward III granted Marie de St Pol, widow of the Earl of Pembroke, a licence for the foundation of a new educational establishment in the young University of Cambridge. The college flourished, and from the mid-nineteenth century expanded greatly. The author of this book, which is still regarded as the 'official history of Pembroke College', was a leading authority on the college's history. However, he died before the manuscript could be completed, and the final part was written as a postscript by S. C. Roberts, a former Master of the college. The book has delightful illustrations and a thorough index of the influential scholars, former students and benefactors connected with the college over the centuries.