bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Settlement Characteristics and Prediction of Weak Expansive Soil Subgrade Based on Track Geometry Measurements
Authors: Huang Qiyun
Published: March 2021

The weak expansive soil subgrade of the railway in operation is prone to settlement in a high-temperature climate, which results in a rapid deterioration in the geometric dimensions of the track, and affecting the safety of the train operation. This paper uses Track Geometry Measurements (TGM) to analyze the deterioration characteristics of track geometry parameters in the subgrade settlement of weak expansive soil. Also establishes a Settlement Prediction Model (SPM) to identify the settlement time of subgrade and predict the value of track geometry parameters before track maintenance. SPM applies to the mileage k285+000∼k300+000 of the weakly expansive soil subgrade section of the Han-Dan Railway. It was verified by the TGM of the 20 subgrade settlement positions of this section. The results show that SPM has a high application value.
Research on Railway Ballast With the Optimal Sphere Filling by Using Discrete Element Model
Authors: Liu Hao , Liu Ganhzong , Wei Xiankui , Liang Chen
Published: March 2021

DEM (discrete element method) is an effective method to study the dynamics of ballast track. The DEM assumes that the ballast is composed of spheres and the optimal combination of spheres in single ballast is the key to study ballast tracks by using DEM. A track ballast model using DEM is established with accurate ballast profile that is filled with spheres obtained by using a binocular 3D scanner and the Bubble Pack algorithm; In this paper, a direct shear test is adopted to study mechanical properties of the track ballast filled differently. The optimal sphere filling method is chosen using a ballast model based on DEM. The results show that: the volume filling rate ω of the ballast is negatively correlated with the radius ratio r of the small ball and the large ball that are adjacent, and positively correlated with the overlap angle ϕ of the two adjacent balls; with the same volume filling rate, the smaller ratio r is, the greater number of spheres is, and the closer the maximum shear stress of numerical calculation is to the measured level; for general engineering calculations, the optimal combination with a volume filling rate of 0.8 should be used for calculation.
Surface Distribution and Sources of Pb content in the ocean current of Jiaozhou Bay
Authors: Yang Dongfang , Lin Dong , Zhang Longlei , Wang Qi , Li Haixia
Published: March 2021

According to the data on the investigation of Jiaozhou Bay in May, August and October, 1992, the Pb content and the horizontal distribution in the surface of Jiaozhou Bay were studied. The results show that in May, in the waters of Jiaozhou Bay, there were three Pb high content sources - open ocean current, ships and wharf, and Licun River. The open ocean current entered Jiaozhou Bay from the bay outside into the bay inside through the bay mouth with a high content of Pb. The Pb content in the mouth of the bay was 20.79 μg/L. In the bay, the ocean current moved forward the shore of the northeast and reached southeast waters of the bay, transporting 5.54 μg/L Pb content. Then, the ocean current continued to move along the nearshore to the northeast and reached the eastern nearshore waters of Jiaozhou Bay. Here, Pb content was transported via ships and wharf and was 16.34 μg/L. After that, the ocean current continued to move along the nearshore to the northeast and reached the waters in the northeast of the bay, with the Pb content 7.09 μg/L. The ocean current continued to move along the nearshore to the northeast and got the coastal waters near the mouth of the Licun River. Here, Pb content was transported via the Licun River and the Pb content was 37.90 μg/L. Afterwards, the ocean current continued to move along the shore to the northeast and reached the waters in the northeast of the bay, carrying 18.27 μg/L Pb content. Then, the ocean current turned westward along the near-shore direction and got the northern waters of the bay, where the Pb content transported via ocean current was 13.72 μg/L. The ocean current continued to run along the shore to the west and got to the westernmost waters in the northwest of the bay. The Pb content transported via the ocean current was 12.84 μg/L. After that, the ocean current turned southward along the near-shore and reached the waters in the southwest of the bay transporting 8.62 μg/L Pb content. At this moment, a low Pb content area of 7.37 μg/L appeared in the central waters of Jiaozhou Bay.
Research on Risk Evaluation of Flooding in Immersed Tunnels During Operation
Authors: Senyang Wu , Peng Cao
Published: March 2021

As more and more immersed tunnels are built in China, due to the characteristics of closed space, long-term structure in deep water, and complicated surrounding environment, if an accident occurs during the operation period, it will cause immeasurable losses. The safety risks faced during the period must also be taken seriously. This paper analyzes the causes of flooding risks and identifies the sources of flooding risks for the flooding risks faced during the operation of the immersed tunnel. Based on the scenario design and simulation analysis, the impact on the tunnel structure at different depths of flooding and the consequences of flooding on immersed tunnels are proposed. Based on this, anti-flooding measures and related suggestions for immersed tunnels during operation are proposed.
Analysis of the trend change in water quality and its influencing factors in Changsha section of the Xiangjiang River
Authors: Lv Zhengze , Huang Guoxian , Zhang Qinghuan , Hu Wei , Sun Xianren , Liu Fuzhen
Published: March 2021

Based on the measured water quality data of national control stations in Changsha city of Xiangjiang River from 2016 to 2019, the principal component analysis method was used to evaluate the water quality at each section. The annual trends in concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus were analysed and the influencing factors were explored. The results show that the water quality of the tributaries of the Xiangjiang River was worse than that of the main stream. The average score of the principal component of Shengli section is the highest, which is 4.412. This suggests that the water quality is poor, where the main pollution sources are domestic sewage and agricultural discharge. From 2016 to 2019, the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus in each tributary showed a downward trend. The variations of the water quality in each year were mainly affected by rainfall, e.g., the water quality concentration in the dry season was higher than that in the flood season.
The land use pattern and its changes in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River from 1980 to 2015
Authors: Liu Yuting , Xu Jijun , Yao Liqiang , Guo Pengzhe , Yuan Zhe
Published: March 2021

Using the land use data in 1980, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015 in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River(UYRB), the area and changes of various types of land use in the study area were analyzed, and the transformation characteristics of various land use types were expounded. Suitable landscape indices such as Patch Number(NP), Patch Density (PD), Connectivity Index (COHESION) and Shannon Diversity Index (SHDI)were used to explore and analyze the land use pattern of the study area. The results showed that from 1980 to 2015, farmland, forest and grassland were the main land use types in the UYRB. The area of construction land and grassland increased, the area of farmland, forest, wetland and desert decreased, and the area of lake/river did not change much. The main direction of land use type transfer in the study area was the conversion of farmland to forest, grassland and construction land, grassland to forest, wetland to lake/river, and desert to grassland. Through the analysis of landscape level indicators, it is concluded that the degree of landscape fragmentation in the UYRB in the past 20 years has gradually increased, the heterogeneity of the landscape has gradually increased, and the types of land use have developed towards diversification. Through the analysis of the patch type level indicators in the study area, results showed that farmland, forest and grassland occupied an absolute dominant position in the study area, resulting in a large separation of the rest of the landscape types. The separation of farmland and construction land under the strong interference of human activities, Fragmentation showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing.
Analysis and assessment on the catastrophe progression evaluation method of slope safety
Authors: Yu Junping , Wu Jiangpeng , Zhu Liqing , Sun Yang , Zhang Chengke
Published: March 2021

Comprehensive assessment of slope safety based on catastrophe theory has been studied and improved in recent years, because of its advantage of simplicity and objective. However, as the evaluation index of slope safety, the result of catastrophe progression has problems on the accuracy and the threshold, and there is no solution available. So the ROC curve (receiver operating characteristic curve), which is commonly used in medical, has been used in the slope engineering for the first time. The ROC curve can intuitively reflect the accuracy of the evaluation method and calculate the threshold of catastrophe progression. Thus, the concept of degree of safety comes forward, which can quantify the safety of slope. The study results of engineering cases show that this method of results evaluation using ROC curve is simple and intuitive, and it plays a good role on the examination of evaluation method. Besides, it can be used as a comparative analysis of different evaluation methods, which provides a new idea for the assessment of evaluation methods of slope safety.
Experimental Study on Wharf yard Foundation Reinforced by Drain Board and Dynamic Consolidation Method
Authors: Yuan Fanglong , Yu Zhifa
Published: March 2021

The intelligent reconstruction project of the old wharf yard faces the problems of soil layer uneven horizontal distribution, hard concrete shell layer on the surface and high groundwater level of the site. Improper treatment can easily induce uneven settlement of the foundation, which will affect the normal operation of the intelligent wharf. Based on the actual project, this paper carries out the experimental research on the dynamic consolidation effect of the foundation with or without the drain board, compares and analyzes the monitoring and detection results of the foundation under two working conditions, and gives the calculation formula of the effective consolidation depth. The results show that: the insertion of the drain board can quickly dissipate the excess pore water pressure caused by the dynamic consolidation construction, and effectively shorten the consolidation time of the soft soil foundation; Compared with the area without drain board, the effect of foundation reinforcement is more obvious in the drain board area, In the range of effective reinforcement depth, it is more conducive to improve the mechanical properties of soft clay layer; Groundwater level is an important factor affecting the effective reinforcement depth of dynamic consolidation foundation, in the coastal areas with high water level, reasonable and effective precipitation measures should be considered; The estimation range of effective reinforcement depth correction coefficient is given, which can provide a reference for the design and construction of foundation dynamic consolidation in similar sites.
Characteristics of a far-dam channel evolution downstream of the Three Gorges Reservoir
Authors: Ge Hua , Deng Chunyan
Published: March 2021

Due to the influence of distance, there is a lag effect of channel erosion and deposition in the far reaches of the lower reaches downstream from the reservoir. In this paper, the scouring and silting characteristics of Wuhan reach in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River after the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir was analysed based on the five times plane topographic data. The results show that although there is some scouring in this reach at the beginning of the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir, the intensity is not large. With the increase of the operation time of the Three Gorges Reservoir, the scour gradually develops to this reach, and the scour intensity increases greatly, but it is still concentrated in the basic channel.
Multi-objective Optimization for Roadway Maintenance Engineering Based on ev-MOGA
Authors: Chen Huilin , Wang Jinmei
Published: March 2021

The performance of roadway maintenance is a highly correlated factor on national socio-economic issues. Roadway maintenance work is a complex task, involving market game, engineering, planning and scheduling. Taking such aspects as quality, schedule and cost into account, this paper develops a multi-objective roadway maintenance system, in which ev-MOGA is adopted to optimize the decisions concerning roadway maintenance. The experimental results can provide a references for fuzzy multi-objective optimization (MOP) problems.
Control of temperature and humidity in geosynthetics test
Authors: Zheng Airong , Fang Yuhang
Published: March 2021

The temperature and humidity of conditioning and test environment are one of the important factors affecting the test results of geosynthetics. The raw materials of geosynthetics are various, and the manufacturing processes are different, so the sensitivity to temperature and humidity is quite different. Determining reasonable temperature and humidity control requirements are of great significance to the quality control of geosynthetics. In order to grasp the status quo of temperature and humidity control in geosynthetics testing, a statistical analysis was carried out on the temperature and humidity control requirements in 55 geosynthetics tests and product standards, and the temperature and humidity control status of 29 laboratories were investigated.
Study on evolution characteristics of a near-dam channel downstream of the Three Gorges Reservoir
Authors: Ge Hua , Deng Chunyan
Published: March 2021

Riverbed scouring and silting is strongly related to flood control, navigation, water intake and so on. Therefore, a deep understanding of the scouring and silting characteristics of the near dam river reach is the premise of the optimal operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir. Based on the four times topographic data of the near dam reach after the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir, the scouring and silting characteristics were studied in this paper. The results show that, after the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir, except for the siltation of deep channel in some years, the other reaches had shown a scouring, and the scouring is concentrated in the low flow channel, and the change of channel above the flat is small.
Analysis on the influence of dike engineering on the discharge of artificial lake dam at the upstream end
Authors: Zhu Qiu-Ju , Liu Jin
Published: March 2021

The upstream end of Shagang Village levee engineering of Liuxi River is adjacent to the hot spring artificial lake dam. In this paper, one - dimensional and two - dimensional mathematical models of water flow near the levee engineering of Liuxi River are established and some empirical formulas are used. Through analysising synthetically the calculation results of the mathematical models and the empirical formulas, it is concluded that the construction of Shagang Village levee engineering of Liuxi river does not affect the normal discharge of the Artificial Lake dam during flood season. Thus It is not necessary to take special measures to reduce the impact of the levee engineering on the Artificial Lake dam.
A study on flow characteristics around a hemispherical dome
Authors: Shao Yu , Qiu Xiang
Published: March 2021

Large eddy simulation (LES) is used to investigate the unsteady flow around a hemispherical dome. The Reynolds number based on the diameter of the hemisphere is 2.4 × 104. The mean velocity field and fluctuation velocity field were systematically studied. By means of the distribution of mean pressure coefficient, the vulnerable position on the hemispherical dome was found. By means of mean velocity profile, three regions of different properties were divided, and their effects on other creatures and buildings were considered. The probability density function (PDF), joint probability density function (JPDF) and Lumley triangle are further studied. The different intensity of the intermittency of turbulence, the different proportion of ejection (Q2) and sweeping (Q4) events and the anisotropy of Reynolds stress are explained respectively in these three regions.
Analysis of Blasting Failure Characteristics and Damage Mechanism of Different Rock Mass Elastic Modulus Under Deep Crustal Stress
Authors: Wang Bo , Xie Liangfu , Zhu Qingyang , Cui Jianbin
Published: March 2021

In order to study the effect of elastic modulus of rock mass under deep crustal stress on blasting failure characteristics and damage mechanism, this paper simulates rock blasting with different elastic modulus through particle flow software. The blasting failure characteristics of rock mass are obtained by reading the peak stress changes from the measuring points. The damage mechanism of rock blasting is revealed from the aspects of crack distribution, crack development trend, fragment formation. The results show that: As the elastic modulus increases, the peak stress of each measuring point is gradually decreasing; with the increase of elastic modulus, the macro cracks of rock mass become shorter after blasting; when the elastic modulus is 48 GPA, the number of cracks is the largest and the development is relatively gentle.
Modeling the effect of temperature on strength development for cast-in-place box girder
Authors: Ding Ping-xiang , Xiong Jian-bo , Yang Hai-cheng , Li Kai , Xiao-ming  , Li Xie Wei-wie
Published: March 2021

In this paper, winter construction of cast-in-place box girder of Rongwu Expressway Project is taken as the research object. By analyzing the internal temperature field development data of box girder concrete structure and using MIDAS FEA finite element software, the simulation results are similar to those in the field. The development of concrete internal temperature field at ambient temperature 0°C and -10°C is calculated. The strength prediction of cast-in-place box girder concrete structure at lower internal temperature was carried out by using the maturity model established in laboratory test. With the decrease of ambient temperature, the internal temperature of cast-in-place box girder concrete structure decreases. The lower temperature of concrete in box girder is the edge part of the two flank plates, the windward side and the combined part of old and new concrete. Based on the maturity theory established earlier, the 5d tensile strength of different parts was calculated. Under 0°C and -10°C conditions, the minimum strength of the edge of cast-in-place box girder concrete wing plate is 47 MPa and 41.2 MPa, the minimum strength of the junction of new and old concrete is 50.5 MPa and 50.3 MPa and the minimum strength of the windward side is -52.2MPa and 51.2MPa respectively. The edge of the wing plate and the interface of new and old concrete should pay special attention to the protective insulation measures.
Natural characteristics of long span bridge under initial load: a case study of Minpu bridge
Authors: Chen Jinchang , Che Ailan
Published: March 2021

Natural frequencies and modes of bridges are very important for wind-resistant design, seismic design and damage test. Natural characteristics of existing bridge in design stage cannot consider the initial complex stress conditions. Actually, the bridge bears the complex initial load (Gravity load, Vehicle load, etc.) in the operation stage, which will cause a certain initial deflection, especially for long span bridges. So, the natural characteristics of bridge get changed. According to the design data of Minpu bridge, the three-dimensional finite element model of Minpu bridge is established by using frame element system based on SAP2000. Result shows that the first and second natural frequencies of the Minpu bridge in design stage are 0.12 Hz and 0.33 Hz respectively. Natural characteristics of Minpu bridge in the operation state are tested by using the microtremor measurement, and the first and second natural frequencies and modes of it are obtained. Result shows that the first natural frequency is 0.39 Hz. The second natural frequency is not uniform, which is within 2.34 ∼ 3.70 Hz. The results reflect that the first and second natural frequencies of the Minpu bridge in operation stage increased greatly, which show that the initial loading state will have a great impact on the natural characteristics of long span bridges.
How to Advance Water Conservancy Inspection under the New Situation
Authors: Lu Xiayi , Liu Zhongyi , Jing Huilin , Cheng Xia , Liu Shuguang
Published: March 2021

As an important means of water conservancy project construction and management, water conservancy project inspection plays an important role in the development of water conservancy. As the List of Common Problems in Water Conservancy Project Construction Inspection (Trial) (hereinafter referred to as the List) issued by the Ministry of Water Resources in 2019 provides a more standard new model for water conservancy inspection, how to improve the quality and efficiency of water conservancy inspection with accurate and efficient use of the List and maximization of its effectiveness is worth considering.
Simulation Evaluation and Analysis of Heavy-load Train Maintenance Mode Based on Petri Net
Authors: Li Chunyi , Wei Yuguang , Li Chen , Ma Bowen , Wang Anyu
Published: March 2021

In China’s comprehensive transportation system, railway is an important mode of transportation, and heavy-load railway is a large-capacity transportation channel, which can quickly improve efficiency and relieve the capacity of railway transportation. The efficiency and synergistic capability of each connecting point of heavy-haul railway determines the success or failure of the whole system. In this paper, two different maintenance modes, “planned repair” and “unit centralized repair”, are used to discuss the turnround procedure of rolling stock and the empty wagon’s operation procedure respectively. The Petri net model of the empty wagon’s operation procedure under different maintenance modes is established, and the simulation is completed by Visual Object Net++ software. The results show that “unit centralized repair” is beneficial to compress the operation time and accelerate the turnround of rolling stock.
Urban flood simulation based on distributed hydrological model: Tongzhou District, Beijing
Authors: Zhang Bo , Ding Xiangyi , Lu Chuiyu , Wang Jianhua
Published: March 2021

Floods are one of the most destructive natural disasters in the world, especially in densely populated and economic areas. Tongzhou is an important satellite city of Beijing, which undertakes the important mission of alleviating Beijing’s non-capital functions. Therefore, it is of great significance to study and analyze the flood process in Tongzhou. In this study, the distributed hydrological model WEP-L was used to construct a storm flood model in Tongzhou, and the flood process under different storm scenarios was studied and analyzed. The results show that under the once in 20 years rainstorm scenario, the precipitation in the study area increased by 92%, and the peak flow of Beiguan station increased by 171%; under the once in 20 years rainstorm scenario, the precipitation in the study area increased by 246%, and the peak flow at the Beiguan station increased by 430%; under the once-in-a-century rainstorm scenario, the precipitation in the study area increased by 297%, and the peak flow at the Beiguan station increased by 606%. This study can provide reference for the urban flood control planning of Tongzhou.
3D Numerical Simulation of Sea-cross Bridge Pier Wave Current Force Considering Local Scour Effect
Authors: Taoxiao Chen , Jinchun Hu , Gang Chen , Weiliang Dong , Shubo Yue
Published: March 2021

The combined force of wave and current is the key load to the foundation of the sea-cross bridge, which is directly related to the design scale. Local scour pits are quickly formed after the piers enter the water, so the influence of local scour pits on the wave current force should be taken into account. Typical bridge pier structure is selected as the research object by the project of Yushan Bridge. Physical model test was applied to research the wave current force on the current terrain. Through the application of Fluent -3D, the mathematical model was established, and the model was verified by the test results. By using the 3D mathematical model, the wave current force considering the bridge pier local scour was calculated to provide technical support for the design of the bridge.
Development of fragrance carrier from Luffa acutangula using zeolite A
Authors: Ayuningtyas K , Kusrini E , Prihandini W W
Published: March 2021

In order to study the effect of zeolite A (ZA) addition to adsorption efficiency of green tea oil (GTO) by Luffa fibre, an experiment has been carried out to prepare matrix zeolite A embedded in Luffa fiber composite (L-ZA) used as a fragrance carrier. LZA which retained the rate of release of GOT can be used as air freshener. This paper presents surface properties of ZA and influence of these properties on the ability to adsorb several fragrance compounds: cyclododecanol, heptanal,2-(phenylmethylene), isocitronellol, tonalid, and diethyl phthalate. The mass of ZA were varied 1; 2; 3 g and named as L-ZA1, L-ZA2 and L-ZA3 respectively. L-ZA composite was synthesized by mixing method using ZA and 1 g sodium alginate (SA). The function of SA is as a matrix binder, which it can also adsorb the GOT. The adsorption efficiency of perfume in L-ZA composite was observed by gravimetric analysis. Luffa, ZA and SA each have adsorption efficiency of 292.64%, 94.54% and 90.13%, respectively. Furthermore, the adsroption capacity were measured by gravimetric method, the structure of matrices was analyzed by SEM, and the bioactive compound of GTO were analyzed by FTIR and GC-MS.
Performance of K2O/Nb2O5as a heterogeneous catalyst for biofuel production
Authors: Yani F T , Husin H , Darmadi D , Muhammad S , Zaki M , Adrinda M , Thifal M
Published: March 2021

The objective of this study was to investigate K2O/Nb2O5as a new potential heterogeneous catalyst for biofuel production. The catalyst was prepared through an impregnation method using K2CO3and Nb2O5. The K2O/Nb2O5was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). The catalyst was tested for biodiesel production. Transesterification was conducted using vegetable oil and methanol on the predetermined operating condition. The highest yield of biofuel was the reach of 98.5% at K2O loading of 50% on Nb2O3and the catalyst loaded of 4 wt.% to oil. In the increasing of potassium loading on Nb2O3shows increasing the activity of the catalysts. Potassium, as an active site, plays a vital role in the reaction of vegetable oil and methanol to produce biodiesel. It is a major component and enhance selectivity of the catalyst. Niobium was able to interact well with potassium, and it enhanced the crystallinity and stability of the catalyst. The characteristics of biodiesel, such as density and viscosity, are evaluated to confirm the purpose of catalyst function. The biodiesel characterization showed in the range with SNI standard.
Biodiesel production from palm oil using banana weevil ash as a solid catalyst
Authors: Meriatna M , Husin H , Riza M , Faisal M , Jakfar J , Khairunnisa K , Syafitri R
Published: March 2021

The aim of this research was to investigate the performance of a banana weevil ash catalyst for biodiesel production at varied methanol to oil ratio. The method is the ash catalyst prepared through the simple burning of banana weevil in an open room. The powder is crushed by mortar and calcined at 600 °C for 5 hours. The crystallinity and the morphologies of the powder were analyzed by XRD, SEM, and EDX. The biodiesel production was carried out in a batch reactor for 90 minutes using stirrer at 65 °C. The molar ratio of methanol to oil was varied of 6:1, 8:1, 10:1, 12:1, and 14:1 with catalyst loading of 4.0 wt.%. The results showed that the highest yield was reached 96% at methanol to oil ratios of 12:1. The density and viscosity of biodiesel were reported of 0.85 gr/ml and 3.04 cSt, respectively. The properties of biodiesel showed conformity in the range of SNI standard. Based on these results, it can be concluded that, banana weevil ashes can be a promising heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production.
Modelling of operational costs (tipping fees) and incentives to improve solid waste management services in Indonesia
Authors: Adi F E , Rarasati A D
Published: March 2021

Solid waste management is needed by each region as a response to population growth. Nevertheless, there are still many areas that have not been able to provide ideal facilities for good solid waste management. One solution that can be done is to create a solid waste treatment model that is suitable to be applied in Indonesia. By benchmarking in other countries, doing mathematical calculations using life cycle cost analysis, and validating experts. The step resulted in a suitable model applied in Indonesia, namely Waste to Energy with a financing scheme of 60% for the government and 40% for the private sector, an internal rate of return (IRR) of 33.11% and an assumed repayment period of 5 years 122 days.
Determination of toll gate optimal number: A case study of Kertosono – Kediri toll road in Indonesia
Authors: Wibisono R E , Soeparno S , Cahyono M S D
Published: March 2021

The Kertosono-Kediri toll gate is currently under construction and operated in 2021. This toll gate is the entrance of vehicles that move from the industrial area of Mojokerto, Kertosono. For exit access this toll gate serves vehicles through the Maron Kediri toll gate, and the Sonoagung Pambon toll gate. If the toll booths operated are not in accordance with the amount of vehicle flow, it can cause poor vehicle traffic performance. The purpose of this study was to the optimal number of the gate in serving toll user transactions. The method in this study uses the number of optimal gate rules carried out by organizing data based on variable values and parameters traffic intensity per lane in the toll-gate section. These variables include the average number of vehicles received per hour and the average number of vehicles received per hour. Based on the analysis shows the number of toll booths for the Maron Kediri toll gate with 95 units/hour as many as 4 gates, 189 units/hour requires 8 gates, and 284 units/hour requires 10 gates. The Sonoagung Prambon toll gate with 118 units/hour as many as 4 gates, 236 units/hour requires 8 gates, and 353 units/hour requires 10 gates.
Investigate Park and Ride performance assessment for the better sustainable urban transportation in Surabaya
Authors: Widayanti F R , Pattisinai A R
Published: March 2021

Parking lots on the side of the road result in a decrease in the capacity of the road, therefore it is necessary to provide Park and Ride (P&R) parking building facilities. The existence of parking building facilities must support the safety and smooth traffic. In addition to smooth traffic, an evaluation is also important to determine the quality of service in order to meet user expectations of parking facilities. The method used in this research is Importance Performance Analysis. The purpose of this study was to determine the assessment of the quality of service from the Mayjen Sungkono Surabaya Parking Building in terms of user perception. The questionnaire survey was conducted in the Mayjen Sungkono Surabaya parking building with a sample of 120 respondents. The results showed that parking building users were not satisfied with the services of the Mayjen Sungkono Surabaya parking building manager, one of which was in terms of reliability, namely the ability of officers to explain the service process of parking facilities.
Investigating the sans pareil streetscape configuration for creating thermal comfort urban place in Surabaya
Authors: Pattisinai A R , Widayanti F R
Published: March 2021

The case of climate change expand accelerated than before caused by human-made emissions happened in the street. Coastal cities such as Surabaya are needed a thermal comfort urban place to be the solution. Through the sans pareil streetscape, we can understand which configuration are more (or less) effective for creating thermal comfort urban place. To explore this, we surveyed Raya Darmo Street, Polisi Istimewa Street, and Diponegoro Street Surabaya, Indonesia (N=25). The method using is micro climate analysis with software ENVImet which simulated the micro-scale interactions among urban surfaces, vegetation, and the atmosphere. In this method, it is necessary to measure the thermal comfort index by computing the Temperature Humidity Index (THI) from the data for each thermal station. In the results of this microclimate analysis, six color distributions produced, which showed the climate level. From the color distribution at 12 a.m., showed that no comfortable spaces found on all three streetscapes. There are as many as 90% of streetscape cuts included in the criteria for being uncomfortable on Diponegoro Street. On Raya Darmo Street and Polisi Istimewa Street are included in the requirements of being uncomfortable with a percentage of 49% while the rest are moderate criteria.
Study on development of citra satellite remote sensing for map updating studies
Authors: Sari S F M , Wibisono R E
Published: March 2021

During the past 10 years, the city of Surabaya has experienced many changes in land use, especially land in East and West Surabaya where open land (rice fields, fields, ponds) has undergone a change to built up land, especially housing. The purpose of this study is to determine changes in land cover that occurred as a whole in the city of Surabaya from 2002 to 2014, to get the largest land cover changes that occurred in the East and West of the city of Surabaya. Multi-temporal satellite imagery method to determine changes in land cover that occurred as a whole in the city of Surabaya from 2002 to 2009. Results from the satellite classification of Landsat imagery data were analyzed using comparative analysis to obtain changes in built land cover, Green Open Space (GOS) and waters in the city of Surabaya. The classification method used is guided classification with object oriented. Study of Development of Remote Sensing Satellite Imagery for Updating Map Studies (Case Study: Surabaya City) requires the ability to apply and develop the results of research to be carried out for the benefit of society in general and the advancement of education in particular.
Risk analysis of toll road KPS project with SSM (Soft System Methodology) at Gempol – Banyuwangi toll road
Authors: Suranata P G , Wahyuni P I , Triswandana I W G E
Published: March 2021

Indonesia has a big dream of catching up with infrastructure development with other countries such as Malaysia and Thailand. The toll road as a pioneer of economic development in the future was built to connect Merak to Banyuwangi through the infrastructure of the Trans Java Toll Road. Gempol-Pasuruan, Pasuruan-Probolinggo, and Probolinggo Banyuwangi Toll Roads are the last tipping points and one of the concessionaires is PT. Jasa Marga Probolinggo Banyuwangi. Toll road construction is not free from limited infrastructure financing in Indonesia and the risks of this project disrupt project performance and affect the cost of the project, project time, and building quality. Soft System Methodology (SSM) method can help solve the problem of project risks starting from identifying the risks of project implementation and analyzing the risks that might occur. This research was conducted using the purposive sampling technique to collect respondent data from 3 toll roads and then analyze it with a probability risk test, consequence risk test, and soft system methodology (SSM). It can be concluded that the risk of obstacles in the mountainous region, relocation of roads that intersect with community social facilities is the most extreme risk which hinders the implementation of the construction of these 3 toll road projects.
Application of time management systems in tardiness of the auditorium construction projects in the district Bone Bolango, Gorontalo Province
Authors: Banteng B S D , Uno W R
Published: March 2021

Time management is an attempt to complete a project. This is supposed to improve priorities, and effort to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of project management in order to achieve maximum results from available resources. All of that is to achieve the goals of a construction project, specifically success that satisfy the criteria of time (schedule), cost (budget) and quality. The aspects of time management consist of scheduling, monitoring, comparing progress in the field with scheduling, determining the effects caused at the end of completion, planning treatment to control the effects, updating project scheduling. Analysis of the calculations proves that in the late jobs, the crash program can be done by increasing the number of workers to minimize the duration that is too late. The monitoring can reduce the deviation between progress against the schedule. The monitoring includes measurement and work results (progress) of each activity, then the measurement results are recorded (Report) into a report form. The monitoring includes measuring and recording the results of work, recording resource usage, checking the quality of resources, recording performance and productivity, checking the possibility of emergence of new critical paths, corrective action and update schedules. From this study the results obtained by the completion of work using time management work in construction of auditorium building of the Bone Bolango regents office can be accelerated by 40 %.
Correlation study of asphalt modulus with asphalt immersion time using of lightweight deflectometer laboratory
Authors: Ma’Bud M A R , Djamaluddin A R , Amiruddin A A
Published: March 2021

During The rainy season, the pavement is submerged by water, which affects the performance, durability, and ability to accept the load on the asphalt. Lightweight deflectometer (LWD) developed for evaluation of surface stiffness can be used to estimate the degree of compaction and produce modulus of elasticity. This research using the laboratory version of the LWD to find the correlation between the modulus of elasticity of asphalt on the variation in the Immersion time. From each immersion time, the highest Elasticity modulus value was decreased when it moved from 6,25% because that value is an optimum condition for asphalt samples.
Project planning system improvement in residential development project: A risk analysis
Authors: Arief M , Latief Y
Published: March 2021

Project planning must be an integral part of the housing construction industry so that project performance can be achieved more efficient and have an impact on schedule performance. A clear and detailed understanding is needed of what is within the scope of the project and what are the risks identified in the project planning phase. Project planning is expected to be able to provide solutions to detailed work structures as well as flexibility to be able to adapt to the environment of unique project activities and to accommodate the project’s organizational system and business changes or improvements made by the company. This study aims to parse the risks in project planning of residential development projects by identifying 10 knowledge areas and 24 planning processes in the 6th edition of the 2017 PMBOK (Project Management Body of Knowledge) using qualitative risk analysis approach to create an understanding and to mitigate the high risk factor. Referring the research results, a preventive action in each of the high risk indicator has been prepared to be integrated in the planning guideline (standard operating procedure). This risk analysis performed to be used as a strategy to improve the residential development schedule performance.
The Standard Operational Procedure (SOP) development of fire-safety system in Jakarta Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) based on risk analysis
Authors: Retriana G N
Published: March 2021

Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) is one of the most useful transportations in Jakarta. The passengers of MRT gradually increase when compared to previous users. However, MRT has a potential fire and it definitely will create the number of victims. Prevention efforts such as Standard Operational Procedure (SOP) of appropriate fire safety system. This study aims to know a gap between regional regulations related to fire safety system with the existing Jakarta MRT fire safety SOP, to identify the dominant risk factors in the Jakarta MRT fire safety SOP and to develop a fire safety system SOP on the MRT in Jakarta. The method used in this study is based on research strategies consisting of archive analysis, literature study, survey and case study. The result showed that there was a gap between MRT Jakarta Standard Operational Procedures and Building Fire Safety Regulations for Buildings in Indonesia. The SOP development of fire-safety system in Jakarta Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) is no specific SOP that defines the description of activities within meet fire safety SOPs. In conclusion, the making of the procedures in this study update the old procedures and make new procedures for processes, which do not have procedure yet.
Mechanical properties of normal concrete for local road pavement using plastic waste substitution as course aggregate
Authors: Mulyono T , Saefudin A , Purnomo A , Widiasanti I
Published: March 2021

Plastic waste can decrease the carrying capacity of the environment, only about 4% can be recycled. Through research, it is expected to be one of the solutions to the use of plastic waste to reduce environmental impacts. The use of substitution of plastic waste as coarse aggregate in the weight-volume mixture with proportion of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% in normal concrete used for local roads and determining the mechanical properties are the aims of this research. The results showed that the compressive strength for reference concrete was 21.268 MPa greater than designed (fc = 19.3 MPa) and with a mixture of plastic waste respectively 13.298 MPa, 14.430 MPa, 11.506 MPa, 6.602 MPa, 6.602 MPa 6.602 MPa and 5.753 MPa. The tensile strength of the reference concrete is 2.853 MPa, and compared with substitution of 1.981 MPa, 2.216 MPa, 1.863 MPa, 1.155 MPa and 1.179 MPa. The flexural strength test below and do not meet the criteria for the local roads (3 MPa). Plastic waste up to 10% substitution shows the lowest decrease with 4% plastic waste resulting in 19.5% decrease in flexural strength compared to reference concrete and every 2% increase plastic was 10-20% flexural strength decreases.
Analysis of safety cost structure for mechanical work in rental apartements projects in special capital district of Jakarta based on Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
Authors: Purwanti A D , Latief Y
Published: March 2021

Since the implementation of the policy of accelerating infrastructure projects, the construction industry has also increased in Indonesia. The construction industry is a dangerous industry that often takes casualties. In recent years there have been many construction accidents in the construction of rental apartments, which have caused moral and material losses, projects that were stopped and projects that were delayed. Lack of separate budgets that are specifically prepared in implementing the Occupational Safety and Health System is one of the causes of the poor implementation of SMK3 in construction projects and create high rates of accidents in the workplace. In Indonesia, although there are several regulations governing the implementation of SMK3, there are no specific regulations that regulate how to prepare a reasonable budget for the implementation of SMK3. The aims of the study are determining the work breakdown structure in mechanical work in rental apartments identifying risks, developing risk control, identifying components of cost of safety and calculating of safety cost. This research is a survey research with respondents of experts and actors in the field of construction safety, descriptive analysis is used to determine variables. A case study approach is also used to calculate the cost of safety. This research is expected to be able to produce a cost of safety calculation in rental apartments projects so that it can maximize the application of SMK3, in order to reduce accidents in workplace and achieving good safety performance.
Compressive strength of pervious concrete paving blocks for pavement with the addition of fly ash
Authors: Septiandini E , Widiasanti I , Pamungkas C A , Putri A S S , Mulyono T , Abdul N Z P
Published: March 2021

Pervious concrete paving blocks (PCPB) is a material that widely used for the surface layer of road either for traffic or non-traffic needs. The main characteristic is the pores within the concrete which can allow water to pass through so it can prevent inundation when rain comes. Good absorption rate is not in line with its compressive strength. In order to enhance its compressive strength, some fly ash was added to the weight of the cement in the mixture. Fly ash (FA) is a coal combustion residue that has similarity with cement content and properties. Admixture for pervious concrete typed SikaMix-10 NT were added to increase the workability of the mixture. This research uses quantitative methods based on the results of experiments conducted in the laboratory. The planning of mixture refers to the ACI 522R-10 standard. Several tests were carried out to determine the quality such as compressive strength test, infiltration test, porosity test and wear resistance by analysing the results guided by SNI 03-0691-1996. The results generally showed that the addition of some fly ash was made to have compressive strength, absorption, porosity and wear resistance that has fulfilled C classification for application in pedestrian paths or sidewalks.
Structural Equation Model (SEM) relationship between location and building height and Work Breakdown Structure toward safety costs at rental apartement project
Authors: Mahmudah Z , Latief Y
Published: March 2021

Occupational Health and Safety at the construction is still hampered from the budget side and mindset that OHS is an additional cost. As a result, decisions related to OHS may not be based on ethical considerations and basic rights to a safe workplace, but in the economic field. This study focuses on analyzing the relationship of building location, height of building and work breakdown structure to OHS costs and further reviewing the factors in these variables that are the dominant effect on OHS costs. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors in each variable that has a dominant effect on occupational health and safety cost and analyze the relationship between location variable, height of building and WBS to the health and safety cost model in at flat construction projects using Structural Equation Model - Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS).