bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cytoplasmic String Between ICM and mTE Is a Positive Predictor of Clinical Pregnancy and Live Birth Outcomes in Elective Frozen-thawed Single Blastocyst Transfer Cycles: a Time-lapse Study
Authors: Ma Bing-Xin , Jin Lei , Huang Bo
Published: December 2020

Background: In this study, we aim to investigate whether cytoplasmic string between inner cell mass (ICM) and mural trophectoderm (mTE) is a positive predictor of clinical pregnancy and live birth outcomes.Methods: 1,267 elective frozen-thawed single blastocyst transfer (eSBT) cycles cultured in time-lapse incubation system from January 2018 to May 2019 were involved in the study. Blastocysts were grouped according to the appearance of cytoplasmic strings between ICM and mTE cells, and identified as “Present” and “Absent” groups. In Present group, they were further categorized according to the quantity of cytoplasmic strings between ICM and mTE cells. Clinical pregnancy and live birth outcomes of blastocysts were used to evaluate the effect of cytoplasmic strings between ICM and mTE.Results: The baseline demographic and laboratory features were similar between the Present and Absent groups of cytoplasmic strings between ICM and mTE (P>0.05). According to the time-lapse analysis, cytoplasmic strings between ICM and mTE were more visible among good quality blastocysts. Furthermore, blastocysts with cytoplasmic strings showed a higher clinical pregnancy and live birth rates (P<0.05), and no significant differences were observed in abortion rate and birth weight (P>0.05).Conclusions: Although the previous conclusions of cytoplasmic strings were controversial, the present time-lapse analysis provides the evidence for the first time that cytoplasmic strings between ICM and mTE cells would be a positive predictor of clinical pregnancy and live birth outcomes in elective frozen-thawed single blastocyst transfer cycles.
Semi-extended Intramedullary Nailing of the Tibia Using an Infrapatellar Approach
Authors: Lu Ke , Gao Yi-jun , Wang Hong-zhen , Wu Zhi-qiang , Li Chong
Published: December 2020

Background The semi-extended tibial intramedullary nailing method would enable easier and improved reductions for tibial fractures as well as facilitate fluoroscopic imaging; however, its in-articular nature remains controversial. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and functional outcomes of the semi-extended infrapatellar (SEIP) approach and hyper-flexed infrapatellar (HFIP) approach for intramedullary nailing to treat tibial shaft fractures.MethodsThis study involved the retrospective analysis of the medical records of patients with tibial shaft fractures that were fixed through either the SEIP approach or the HFIP approach of intramedullary nailing and who were admitted to a level 1 trauma center. The minimum patient follow-up period was 12 months and the clinical and functional outcomes were estimated at the 12-month visit. ResultsOf the 80 patients whose medical records were analyzed, 40 (50%) underwent SEIP nailing and the remaining 40 (50%) underwent the traditional HFIP nailing. Compared with the HFIP group, patients in the SEIP group had a higher Lysholm knee score (median, 92 [interquartile range, 88-95] vs median, 88 [interquartile range, 81-92]; p = .01), a shorter intraoperative fluoroscopy time (median, 93 [interquartile range, 78-105] s, vs median, 136 [interquartile range, 110-157] s; p < .001), and operation time (mean, 88.1 [SD, 17.8] min vs mean, 98.7 [SD, 19.3] min; p = .01). The VAS score was significantly lower in the SEIP group (median, 0; interquartile range, 0-0) than in the HFIP group (median, 0; interquartile range, 0-2) (p = .03). There were two cases (5%) in the SEIP group and 10 cases (25%) in the HFIP group of moderate AKP (p = .03). Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in malalignment, nonunion, delayed union, infection, and other complications, as well as SF-36 physical and mental scores.ConclusionWe found that the SEIP approach to tibia intramedullary nailing was superior to the HFIP approach based on the intraoperative and postoperative outcomes. Thus, this novel technique provides an infrapatellar option for semi-extended tibial nailing.
Melatonin-induced Cell Rejuvenation from Long-term Ex-vivo passaging Functioned by its Restoration of Damaged Cell Autophagic Processes
Authors: Tan Yi-Zhou , Xu Xin-Yue , Dai Ji-Min , Yin Yuan , He Xiao-Tao , Zhang Yi-Lin , Zhu Tian-Xiao , An Ying , Tian Bei-Min , Chen Fa-Ming
Published: December 2020

Background: Stem cells undergone long-term ex-vivo expansion are most likely functionally compromised (namely cellular senescence) in terms of their stem cell properties and therapeutic potentials. Due to the ability to attenuate cellular senescence, melatonin (MLT) has been proposed as an adjuvant across long-term cell expansion protocols, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Methods: Human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) were isolated and cultured ex-vivo for 15 passages, and passage 2, 7 and 15 cells were used to interrogate the cellular senescence and alteration in cell autophagy during long-term expansion. The cellular senescence features were evidenced by senescence-associated β-galacotosidase (SA-β-gal) activity and the expression of senescence-related proteins including p53, p21, p16 and γ-H2AX. Electronic microscope was used to observe the autophagic vesicles. Adenovirus mRFP-GFP-LC3 was transfected to indicate the alteration of autophagic flux during long-term expansion, and the autophagy-associated proteins Atg7, Beclin-1, LC3-II and p62 were evaluated by Western blot. Results: It was found that long-term in-vitro passaging led to an accumulated SA-β-gal, elevated expressions of p53, p21, p16 and γ-H2AX, along with downregulated autophagy-associated proteins Atg7, Beclin-1 and LC3 as well as a mounting autophagy substrate p62. In accordance with expectation, supplemented with MLT not only ameliorated cells to a younger state but also restored the impaired autophagy level in senescent cells. Additionally, we demonstrated that autophagy inhibitor could block such MLT-induced cell rejuvenation. When the underlying signaling pathways involved was interrogated, we found that MLT receptor (MT) participated in mediating MLT-related autophagy restoration by regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.Conclusions: The present study suggests that MLT may rejuvenate long-term expansion-caused cellular senescence by restoring autophagy, more likely via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in an MT-dependent manner. This is the first report identifying the MT-dependent PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling involved in MLT-induced autophagy alteration, pointing to a potential target for using autophagy-restoring agents such as MLT to develop optimized clinical-scale cell production protocols.
Immunoglobulin E Levels and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: Japan Environment and Children’s Study
Authors: Kyozuka Hyo , Murata Tuyoshi , Fukuda Toma , Endo Yuta , Yamaguchi Akiko , Yasuda Shun , Kanno Aya , Sato Akiko , Ogata Yuka , Hosoya Mitsuaki , Yasumura Seiji , Hashimoto Koichi , Nishigori Hidekazu , Fujimori Keiya
Published: December 2020

High serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels are associated with cardiovascular events. We aimed to evaluate the association between total IgE levels during the first trimester of pregnancy and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) development in a large Japanese cohort. We analysed data pertaining to singleton primipara pregnancies recorded in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study involving births in 2011–2014. First trimester’s serum IgE levels were determined using the immunonephelometric technique. High serum IgE was defined as IgE levels ≥170 IU/ml. A multiple logistic regression model was used to estimate the risk of high serum IgE levels on HDP, comprising early-onset and late-onset hypertension. A total of 32,518 participants were enrolled. The prevalence of total, early-onset, and late-onset HDP was 3.2%, 0.6%, and 2.3%, respectively. Patients with high serum IgE levels had an increased risk of late-onset hypertension (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.19, 95% confidence interval: 1.01–1.40). No correlation was found with either HDP (total) or early-onset hypertension (aOR: 1.15 and 0.85, 95% confidence interval: 0.99–1.32 and 0.60–1.21, respectively). High serum IgE levels during the first trimester are associated with late-onset hypertension. Our results could influence and shape further research regarding the pathogenesis of late-onset hypertension.
Fragmentation in the Future of Work: A Horizon Scan Examining the Impact of the Changing Nature of Work on Vulnerable Workers
Authors: Jetha Arif , Shamaee Ali , Bonaccio Silvia , Gignac Monique AM. , Tucker Lori , Tompa Emile , Bültmann Ute , Norman Cameron , Banks Cristina G. , Smith Peter
Published: December 2020

Background. The future of work is characterized by social, technological, economic, environmental and political changes that are expected to disrupt all aspects of the working world. Our study aims to understand how the future of work impacts vulnerable workers. Methods. We conducted a horizon scan to systematically identify and synthesize diverse sources of evidence including academic research, gray literature and social media. Search terms were generated by members of the multidisciplinary research team, and combined with work outcome, future- and change-related and vulnerable worker search terms. Six search portals were used to uncover peer reviewed and gray literature across diverse disciplines. Search terms were also entered into Twitter’s standard search interface to identify social media resources. Literature was screened for eligibility (i.e., English language, documented a change in the nature of work, industrialized context and description of impact to vulnerable workers). Each relevant article was synthesized, and trend categories were developed by through iterative discussions among the research team. Results. An initial search yielded 4,800 articles after removing duplicates. Following a title and abstract relevancy screen, 3,195 articles were excluded. A total of 342 articles were fully reviewed. A synthesis of articles found nine trend categories which included digital transformation of the economy, artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML)-enhanced automation, AI-enabled human resource management systems, skill requirements for the future of work; globalization 2.0, climate change and the green economy, Gen Zs and the work environment; populism and the future of work, and external shocks to accelerate the changing nature of work (The COVID-19 example). Some workers may be more likely to experience vulnerability in the future of work including greater exposure to job displacement or wage depression. However, some potentially positive future of work trends also existed and could be beneficial for the labor market engagement of certain groups. Discussion. The changing nature of work can be fragmented for different groups of workers. Our research offers an important step towards understanding and supporting the involvement of vulnerable workers in the future of work.
Public Attitudes to, and Behaviours Taken During, Hot Weather by Vulnerable Groups: Results from a National Survey in England
Authors: Erens Bob , Williams Lorraine , Exley Josephine , Ettelt Stephanie , Manacorda Tommaso , Hajat Shakoor , Mays Nicholas
Published: December 2020

Background Hot weather leads to increased illness and deaths. The Heatwave Plan for England (HWP) aims to protect the population by raising awareness of the dangers of hot weather, especially for those most vulnerable. Individuals at increased risk to the effects of heat include older adults, particularly 75+, and those with specific chronic conditions, such as diabetes, respiratory and heart conditions. The HWP recommends specific protective actions which relate to five heat-health alert levels (levels 0-4), with levels 3 and 4 triggered when specific temperature thresholds are reached. However, most adults in England do not consider themselves at risk of hot weather and do not necessarily take protective measures. Methods As part of a wider evaluation of the implementation and effects of the HWP, a survey (n=3153) and focus groups were carried out after the June 2017 level 3 heat-health alert. Survey respondents were categorised into three groups based on their age and health status: ‘vulnerable’, ‘potentially vulnerable’ and ‘not vulnerable’ to hot weather. Multivariable logistic regression models identified factors associated with these groups taking protective measures. Four focus groups were carried out in three geographical areas; their findings help explain the survey results for the vulnerable group. Results Most vulnerable and potentially vulnerable adults do not consider themselves at risk of hot weather and are unaware of the effectiveness of important protective behaviours. Only one-quarter of (potentially) vulnerable adults reported changing their behaviour as a result of hearing hot weather-related health advice during the level 3 alert period. Focus group findings showed many vulnerable adults were more concerned about the effects of the sun’s ultra-violet radiation on the skin than on the effects of hot temperatures on health.ConclusionsCurrent public health messages appear to be insufficient, given the low level of (potentially) vulnerable adults changing their behaviour during hot weather. In the context of increasingly warmer summers in England due to climate change, public health messaging needs to convince (potentially) vulnerable adults of all the risks of hot weather (not just effects of sunlight on the skin) and of the effectiveness of heat protective measures.
Silencing of Vangl2 Attenuates the Inflammation Promoted by Wnt5a via MAPK and NF-κB Pathway in Chondrocytes.
Authors: Zhang Ke , Li Zhuoying , Lu Yunyang , Xiang Linyi , Sun Jiadong , Zhang Hong
Published: December 2020

Background: The Wnt planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway is implicated in osteoarthritis (OA) both in animals and in humans. Van Gogh-like 2 (Vangl2) is a key PCP protein that is required for the orientation and alignment of chondrocytes in the growth plate. However, its functional roles in OA still remain undefined. Here, we explored the effects of Vangl2 on OA chondrocyte in vitro, and further elucidated the molecular mechanism of silencing Vangl2 in Wnt5a-overexpressing OA chondrocytes.Methods: Chondrocytes were treated with IL-1β (10 ng/mL) to simulate the inflammatory microenvironment of OA. The expression levels of Vangl2, Wnt5a, MMPs, and related proinflammatory cytokines were measured by RT-qPCR. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) of Vangl2 and the plasmid targeting Wnt5a were constructed and transfected into ATDC5 cells. Then the functional roles of silencing Vangl2 in the OA chondrocytes were investigated by Western blotting, RT-qPCR, and immunocytochemistry (ICC). Transfected OA chondrocytes were subjected to Western blotting to analyze the relationship between Vangl2 and related signaling pathways. Results: IL-1β induced the production of Vangl2, Wnt5a and MMPs in a time-dependent manner and the significantly increased expression of Vangl2. Vangl2 silencing effectively suppressed the expression of MMP3, MMP9, MMP13 and IL-6 at both gene and protein levels, and upregulated the expression of type II collagen and aggrecan. Moreover, knockdown of Vangl2 inhibited the phosphorylation of MAPK signaling molecules (P38, ERK, and JNK) and P65 in Wnt5a-overexpressing OA chondrocytes.Conclusions: For the first time, we demonstrate that Vangl2 is involved in the OA process. Vangl2 silencing can notably alleviate OA progression in vitro by inhibiting the expression of MMPs and increasing the formation of the cartilage matrix, and can inhibit the proinflammatory effects of Wnt5a via MAPK and NF-κB pathway. This study provides new insight into the mechanism of cartilage inflammation.
Cannabinoids Modulate Food Preference and Consumption in Drosophila Melanogaster
Authors: He Jianzheng , Tan Alice , Ng Si , Yu Fengwei
Published: December 2020

Cannabinoids have an important role in regulating feeding behaviors via cannabinoid receptors in mammals. Cannabinoids also exhibit potential therapeutic functions in Drosophila melanogaster, or fruit fly that lacks cannabinoid receptors. However, it remains unclear whether cannabinoids affect food consumption and metabolism in a cannabinoid receptors-independent manner in flies. In this study, we systematically investigated pharmacological functions of various cannabinoids in modulating food preference and consumption in flies. We show that flies display preferences for consuming cannabinoids, independent of their sensory functions. Interestingly, phyto- and endo- cannabinoids exhibit an inhibitory effect on food intake. Unexpectedly, the non-selective CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 attenuates the suppression of food intake by endocannabinoids. Moreover, the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) and its metabolite inhibit food intake and promote resistance to starvation, possibly through reduced lipid metabolism. Thus, this study has provided insights into a pharmacological role of cannabinoids in feeding behaviors using an adult Drosophila model.
ApoE4-carrying Human Astrocytes Oversupply Cholesterol into Neurons and Promote Aβ Generation
Authors: Lee Se-In , Jeong Woojin , Cho Sukhee , Lee Hyein , Jang Yonghee , Lin Yuan-Ta , Tsai Li-Huei , Seo Jinsoo
Published: December 2020

Background: The onset of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) typically occurs later in life. Recent genetic analysis of patients and unaffected individuals revealed multiple genetic variants associated with late-onset AD. One of the strongest genetic risk factors for AD is 𝜀4 allele of APOE encoding apolipoprotein (ApoE), which is predominantly expressed in astrocytes. The role and mechanism of ApoE in initiating AD-associated pathologies, including amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation and neurodegeneration in neurons, remains to be elucidated.Methods: Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from healthy individuals and isogenic cells in which the ApoE 𝜀3 allele was replaced with an 𝜀4 allele were selected to generate human neurons and astrocytes. To investigate the effect of astrocytic ApoE4 on neuronal Aβ production, iPSC-derived neurons carrying the ApoE 𝜀3 allele were cultured in conditioned media from healthy iPSC-derived astrocytes (ApoE3/E4 heterozygote) for five weeks. Then, the media were replaced with either ApoE3 or ApoE4 astrocyte conditioned media (ACM), cultured for four days, and neuronal amyloid precursor protein (APP) expression and Aβ production were measured. To determine potential mechanisms for upregulation of APP in neurons by ApoE4 ACM, changes in plasma membrane lipid rafts were investigated by staining for cholera toxin B. Methyl-b-cyclodextrin (MβCD) was applied to deplete cholesterol in ApoE4 ACM.Results: Secretory factors in conditioned media from hiPSC-derived astrocytes carrying APOE4 significantly increased the levels of APP and Aβ secretion in hiPSC-derived neurons. Increasing cholesterol levels in culture media mimicked the effects of ApoE4 ACM by inducing the formation of lipid rafts that potentially provide a physical platform for APP localization on the membrane. We further found that reducing cholesterol levels in ApoE4 ACM with MβCD abolished its effects on neuronal lipid raft expansion and Aβ generation.Conclusions: Our study suggests that ApoE4 astrocytes contribute to amyloidosis by the expansion of lipid rafts and facilitate neuronal Ab production through oversupply of cholesterol.
Dramatic Response to Pembrolizumab with Chemotherapy Followed by Salvage Surgery in a Lung Cancer Patient
Authors: Saito Shunichi , Toyokawa Gouji , Momosaki Seiya , Kozuma Yuka , Shoji Fumihiro , Yamazaki Koji , Takeo Sadanori
Published: December 2020

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors with chemotherapy have been shown to exhibit remarkable efficacy for advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma and are under investigation as an induction therapy. But the significance of preoperative therapy with pembrolizumab + chemotherapy for surgically resected non-small-cell lung carcinoma still remains unclear. Case presentation: We herein report a case of stage IIIB non-small-cell lung carcinoma who underwent salvage surgery after three cycles of pembrolizumab + carboplatin + nab-paclitaxel. Computed tomography revealed the remarkable decrease in tumor volume by 81%. A pathological examination showed that viable neoplastic cells were observed in less than one percent of the total tumorous lesion suggesting near pathological complete response. Conclusions: This case suggests that this regimen might be a good option as induction therapy for non-small-cell lung carcinoma.
Social Capital and Chemsex Initiation in Young Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men: the Pink Carpet Y Cohort Study
Authors: Tan Rayner Kay Jin , O'Hara Caitlin Alsandria , Koh Wee Ling , Le Daniel , Tan Avin , Tyler Adrian , Tan Calvin , Kwok Chronos , Banerjee Sumita , Wong Mee Lian
Published: December 2020

Background: Young gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (YMSM) are especially vulnerable to the risks associated with sexualized substance use, or ‘chemsex’. Engaging in chemsex established as a major risk factor for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) acquisition, and is thus a public health issue of increasing urgency. This paper attempts to explore the association between measures of social capital and patterns of sexualized substance use among a sample of YMSM in Singapore.Methods: Results of this study were derived from baseline data of the Pink Carpet Y Cohort Study in Singapore, comprising a sample of 570 HIV-negative YMSM aged 18 to 25 years old. Latent class analysis was employed to identify classes with similar patterns of sexualized substance use, and multinomial logistic regression was employed to examine associations between class membership and measures of social capital. Logistic regression was employed to examine associations between measures of social capital and past sexualized substance use.Results: Latent class analysis revealed three classes of YMSM based on their histories of sexualized substance use, which we labelled as ‘substance-naïve’, ‘substance-novice’, and ‘chemsex’. Participants with a later age of sexual debut were increasingly less likely to be in the substance novice and chemsex classes, compared to the substance-naïve class; they were also less likely to report sexualized alcohol, poppers and methamphetamine use. Connectedness to the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) community was negatively associated with sexualized methamphetamine use, while outness to family was positively associated with sexualized methamphetamine and erectile dysfunction drug use.Conclusions: Varying measures of social capital such as an earlier age of exposure to sexual networks or family-related stress may predispose YMSM to greater opportunities for sexualized substance use, while on the other hand, community connectedness may be protective. Future interventions should target YMSM who become sexually active at an earlier age to reduce the risks associated with sexualized substance use.
Association of Genetic Variants in TPMT, ITPA, NUDT15 With Azathioprine-Induced Myelosuppression in Southwest China Patients With Autoimmune Hepatitis
Authors: Miao Qiang , Yan Lin , Zhou Yanhong , Li Yi , Zou Yuangao , Wang Lanlan , Bai Yangjuan , Zhang Junlong
Published: December 2020

Aims: To investigate the influence of TPMT*3C, ITPA, NUDT15, and 6-thioguanine nucleotides (6-TGN) on AZA-induced myelosuppression in Southwest China AIH patients. Methods: A total of 113 Chinese AIH patients with AZA maintenance treatment were evaluated. Collect the relevant clinical data of patients from the hospital information system. TPMT*3C(rs1142345), ITPA(rs1127354) and NUDT15(rs116855232) genotyping was detected by TaqMan double fluorescent probe. The concentration of 6-TGN was determined using UPLC-MS/MS method. Results: 40 (35.4%) patients had different degrees of myelosuppression. The NUDT15 variant was associated with leukopenia (P=8.26X10-7; OR=7.5; 95% CI, 3.08–18.3) and neutropenia (P=3.54X10-6; OR=8.05; 95% CI, 2.96–21.9). However, no significant association was observed for TPMT*3C and ITPA variants (P>0.05). There was no significant difference of 6-TGN concentration between patients with or without myelosuppression (P= 0.556), and no association was found in patients with TPMT*3C, ITPA, NUDT15 variants alleles (P>0.05). However, we found that the body mass index may affect the corrected 6-TGN level (P=0.026). Conclusion: Our study once again confirmed that NUDT15 variants are a potential independent risk predictor for AZA-induced leukopenia and neutropenia. Also, we found that the detection of 6-TGN concentration in red blood cells does not reflect AZA treatment's efficacy and toxicity. New biomarkers for AZA therapeutic drug monitoring need further research to explore.
Theory of the sp - d Coupling of Transition Metal Impurities with Free Carriers in ZnO
Authors: Ciechan Anna , Bogusławski Piotr
Published: December 2020

The s, p-d exchange coupling between the spins of band carriers and of transition metal (TM) dopants ranging from Ti to Cu in ZnO is studied within the density functional theory. The +U corrections are included to reproduce the experimental ZnO band gap and the dopant levels. The p- d coupling reveals unexpectedly complex features. In particular, (i) the p-d coupling constants N0β vary about 10 times when going from V to Cu, (ii) not only the value but also the sign of N0β depends on the charge state of the dopant, (iii) the p-d coupling with the heavy holes and the light holes is not the same; in the case of Fe, Co and Ni, N0βs for the two subbands can differ twice, and for Cu the opposite sign of the coupling is found for light and heavy holes. The main features of the p-d coupling are determined by the p-d hybridization between the d(TM) and p(O) orbitals. In contrast, the s-d coupling constant N0α is almost the same for all TM ions, and does not depend on the charge state of the dopant. The TM-induced spin polarization of the p(O) orbitals contributes to the s-d coupling, enhancing N0α.
Microfluidic Overhauser DNP Chip for Signal-enhanced Compact NMR
Authors: Kiss Sebastian , MacKinnon Neil , Korvink Jan
Published: December 2020

Nuclear magnetic resonance at low field strength is an insensitive spectroscopic technique, precluding portable applications with small sample volumes, such as needed for biomarker detection in body fluids. Here we report a compact double resonant chip stack system that implements in situ dynamic nuclear polarisation of a 130 nL sample volume, achieving a signal enhancement of 54 w.r.t. the thermal equilibrium level at a microwave power level of 0.5W. This work overcomes instrumental barriers to the use of NMR detection for point-of-care applications.
Enhanced Lung Inflammatory Response in Whole-body Compared to Nose-only Cigarette Smoke-exposed Mice
Authors: Serré Jef , Tanjeko Ajime Tom , Mathyssen Carolien , Vanherwegen An-Sofie , Heigl Tobias , Janssen Rob , Verbeken Eric , Maes Karen , Vanaudenaerde Bart , Janssens Wim , Gayan-Ramirez Ghislaine
Published: December 2020

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is characterized by a progressive and abnormal inflammatory response in the lungs, mainly caused by cigarette smoking. Animal models exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) are used to mimic human COPD but the use of different CS protocols makes it difficult to compare the immunological and structural consequences of using a nose-only or whole-body CS exposure system. We hypothesized that when using a standardized CS exposure protocol based on particle density and CO (carbon monoxide) levels, the whole-body CS exposure system would generate a more severe inflammatory response than the nose-only system, due to possible sensitization, uptake of gases through the skin or uptake of tar particles stuck on the skin via grooming. Methods: In this study focusing on early COPD, mice were exposed twice daily 5 days a week to CS either with a nose-only or whole-body exposure system for 14 weeks to assess lung remodeling and inflammation. Data was analyzed with a one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc test or Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn’s test for multiple comparison depending on respectively parametric or non-parametric datasets.Results: Both CS exposure systems induced a similar degree of lung function impairment and morphological alterations. Interestingly, an enhanced lymphoid presence in the bronchoalveolar lavage and lymph nodes with a higher mRNA expression of interleukin 6 and keratinocyte chemoattractant in the lungs were found with the whole-body system. Conclusion: Our data indicate that the inflammatory outcomes are more severe in the whole-body CS exposure compared to the nose-only system, but lung remodeling and lung function impairment are similarly affected. These observations can assist researchers to make an appropriate choice between the two CS exposure systems in designing their future studies in early drug interventions.
Association Between Different Lipid Ratios and Diabetes in Chinese Adults With H-type Hypertension
Authors: tao yu , Yu Yu , Bao Huihui , Cheng Xiaoshu
Published: December 2020

Background: Previous studies have shown that lipid ratios [total cholesterol (TC)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP, lg [triglyceride (TG)/HDL-C]), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)/HDLC, non-HDL-C/HDL-C] were associated with the risk of diabetes in non-hypertension population. However, the relationship between different lipid ratios and diabetes is unclear in the H-type hypertension population. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between lipid ratios and diabetes in Chinese adults with H- type hypertension.Methods: The current study included 13,581 H-type hypertension participants from the China hypertension registry study. Logistic regression analysis and smooth curve fitting were used to assess the association between different lipid ratios and diabetes.Results: Prevalence of diabetes was 17.8%. All lipid ratios (TC/HDL-C, AIP, LDL-C/HDL-C, and non-HDL-C/HDL-C) were positively and independently associated with diabetes. In the fully adjusted model, AIP manifested the largest ORs of diabetes (OR:2.84, 95%CI:2.37-3.41). However, the fully adjusted ORs (95%CI) of TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C and non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio was only 1.34 (1.27, 1.43), 1.40 (1.29, 1.51), 1.42 (1.35, 1.50), respectively. Comparing the area under receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC), we found that AIP had the stronger ability to identify diabetes.Conclusions: all lipid ratios (TC/HDL-C, AIP, LDL-C/HDL-C, and non-HDL-C/HDL-C) were independently and positively correlated with the risk of diabetes in the Chinese population with H-type hypertension. Compared with other lipid ratios (TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, and non-HDL-C/HDL-C), AIP was superior in discriminating diabetes.
Food Aversion During Pregnancy and Its Association With Nutritional Status of Pregnant Women in Boricha Woreda, Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2019. A Community Based Mixed Crossectional Study Design
Authors: Yalew Abel , T/Silasie Wondwosen , Anato Anchamo , Fikrie Anteneh
Published: December 2020

Background: Despite high prevalence, food aversions are closely linked to the dietary intake of pregnant women. Thus, understanding this behavior is important in addressing the issue of maternal nutrition. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide information on the prevalence and associated factors of food aversion and its relationship with the nutritional status of pregnant women in Boricha Woreda, Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2019.Methods: A community based mixed cross sectional study was conducted among 505 randomly selected pregnant mothers at Boricha Woreda, Southern Ethiopia from June 1-20, 2019. Pre-tested and structured face-to-face interview questionnaire and focus group discussion guide were used to collect quantitative and qualitative data respectively. The quantitative data were cleaned, coded and entered into Epi Info version 7.1.4.0 and then exported to SPSS IBM version 20 for further analysis. The qualitative data were analyzed manually using a content analysis.The bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the possible factors of food aversion. Pearson’s Chi-square test was used to assess the relationship between food aversion and nutritional status of pregnant women. AOR with the respective 95% CIs was used to declare statistical significance.Results: Nearly, seven-in-ten (69.2%) of the pregnant women were averted of at least one food. Cereal (45.9%) and enset (44.2%) were averted by majority of the participants. The mean (±SD) MUAC measurement was 22.7 (±2.4) cm. For age group 19 – 23 [AOR= 2.36, 95%CI (1.32 – 4.21)] and 24 – 28 of years [AOR= 2.84, 95% CI (1.61 – 5.01)], nausea [AOR= 1.70, 95%CI (1.10 – 2.65)] and having additional meal [AOR= 1.70, 95% CI (1.06 – 2.73)] were significantly associated with food aversion. Maternal nutritional status and food aversion was statistically significant (p-value=0.008).Conclusion: High prevalence of food aversions (69.2%) and under nutrition (34.6%) among pregnant women is found. Therefore, the Woreda Health Office needs to intensify the integration of maternal nutrition into ANC services and training of health providers as well as critical appraisal of health extension workers should also be considered.
Barriers to accessing maternal and newborn care: a qualitative study in district Thatta, Pakistan
Authors: Asim Muhammad , Saleem Sarah , Ahmad Zarak Hussain , Naeem Imran , Abrejo Farina , Fatmi Zafar , Siddiqi Sameen
Published: December 2020

Background: Accessibility and utilization of health care play a significant role in preventing complications during pregnancy, labor, and the early postnatal period. However, multiple barriers can prevent women from accessing pregnancy and neonatal care. The aim of this study was to explore the multifaceted barriers that inhibit women to seek maternal and newborn health care in Thatta, Sindh, Pakistan.Methods: This study employed an interpretive research design using purposive sampling approach. Pre-tested semi-structured interview guides were used for data collection. The data were collected through eight focus group discussions with men and women, and six in-depth interviews with lady health workers and analyzed through thematic analysis. Findings: The study identified individual, socio-cultural, and structural level barriers that inhibit women from seeking maternal and newborn care. Individual barriers included: mistrust towards public health facilities, and inadequate symptom recognition. The two identified socio-cultural barriers were: aversion to biomedical interventions, and gendered imbalances in decision making. The structural barriers included: prohibitively expensive transportation services, and ineffective referral systems. Conclusion and Suggestions: Increasing the coverage of healthcare service without addressing the multifaceted barriers that influence service utilization will not reduce the burden of maternal and neonatal mortality. As this study reveals, care seeking is influenced by a diverse array of barriers that are individual, sociocultural, and structural in nature. A combination of capacity development, health awareness, and structural interventions can address many if not all of these barriers.
Experiences and perceptions of referrals to a community-based physical activity program from cancer survivors: A qualitative exploration
Authors: Faro Jamie M , Mattocks Kristin M , Mourao Dalton , Nagawa Catherine S , Lemon Stephenie C , Wang Bo , Cutrona Sarah L , Sadasivam Rajani S
Published: December 2020

Background
Physical activity rates in cancer survivors continue to be low despite the known benefits and availability of evidence-based programs. LIVESTRONG at the Y is a national community-based physical activity program offered cost-free to cancer survivors, though is underutilized. We explored perceptions and experiences of staff and participating survivors to better understand program awareness, referrals and participation.
Methods
LIVESTRONG at the Y program staff [directors (n = 16), instructors (n = 4)] and survivors (n = 8) from 8 United States YMCAs took part in 30-minute semi-structured phone interviews. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed, and evaluated using a thematic analysis approach.
Results and Discussion
Program staff themes included: 1) Program awareness should be further developed for both the general public and medical providers; 2) Strong relationships with medical providers increased program referrals; 3) Electronic referral systems between providers and LIVESTRONG would help to streamline the referral process; and 4) Bi-directional communication between program staff and medical providers is key to providing patient progress updates. Survivor themes included: 1) Survivors trust their medical team and the information they provide about physical activity; 2) Providers need to incorporate an action plan and referrals for survivors to be active once treatments are completed; and 3) Personal experiences of those who participated in LIVESTRONG resonate with survivors and increase participation.
Conclusions
LIVESTRONG staff reported the need for an integrated electronic referral system and bi-directional communication with providers about participant progress. Survivors want physical activity education, electronic referrals and follow-up from their healthcare team, coupled with peer support from other survivors. Cancer care provider knowledge and electronic referrals during and after treatment may expedite and increase participation in this community-based program.
Newborn Screening for Inherited Metabolic Diseases Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry in China: outcome and cost-utility analysis
Authors: Zhao Zixuan , Chen Chi , Sun Xueshan , ZHOU Duo , Huang Xinwen , Dong Hengjin
Published: December 2020

BackgroundFew studies in China have focused on economic evaluation of newborn screening(NBS) for inherited metabolic diseases (IMDs) by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). This study assessed the total costs, benefits, benefit-cost ratio(BCR), cost-utility ratio(CUR) and incremental cost-utility ratio(ICUR) of NBS using MS/MS compared to non-screening group for the first time.MethodsThis study was conducted as a retrospective piece. Newborns who underwent MS/MS screening for IMDs from 2009 to 2018 were included. All records were extracted from a screening management system in NBS Center of Zhejiang province. All costs, including indirect cost, were discounted at a rate of 5% for the whole life-time. The putative benefit of clinical outcomes related to early-diagnosis through screening was assumed as improvements in quality of life and potential life expectancy in screening group.ResultsOf the 3,040,815 newborns screened, 26,297(0.86%) newborns were suspected positive after first-round screening and called back to take another MS/MS screening. 25,670(97.62%) of them followed the latter procedures and finally 735(2.86%) cases were diagnosed through gene sequence analysis. The most frequent cause of IMD was amino acid diseases(n=276), in most cases fatty acid oxidation disorders (n=248), followed by organic acidemias (n=211). The difference of QALYs ranged from 0.78-15.4. The CUR was CNY¥86,155.80/QALY in screening group and CNY¥303,9517.32/QALY in non-screening group. The ICUR was CNY¥-795,686.47/QALY, and the BCR was 1:8.11.ConclusionsNBS using MS/MS can be considered as cost-effective. Nationwide promotion of NBS using MS/MS deserves priority consideration and sufficient publicity.
Novel Wideband Circularly Polarized DRA With Squint-free Radiation Characteristics
Authors: Abedian Mohammad , Khalily Mohsen , Singh Vikrant , Xiao Pei , Tafazolli Rahim , Kishk Ahmed
Published: December 2020

A new single-fed circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna (CP-DRA) without beam squint is presented. The DRA comprises of an S-shaped dielectric resonator (SDR) with a metalized edge and two rectangular dielectric resonator (RDRs) blocks. A horizontal-section is applied as an extension of the SDR, and a vertical-section is placed in parallel to the metallic edge. A vertical coaxial probe is used to excite the SDR and the vertical RDR blocks through an S-shaped metal element and a small rectangular metal strip, respectively. The two added RDRs that form an L-shaped DR improve the radiation characteristics and compensate for the beam squint errors. A wideband CP performance is achieved due to the excitation of several orthogonal modes such as TEx d11, TEy 1d1, TEz 121, TEy 112, TEx 131, and TEy 311. The experimental results demonstrate an impedance bandwidth of approximately 66:8% (3:71-7:45 GHz) and a 3-dB axial-ratio (AR) bandwidth of about 54:8% (3:72-6:53 GHz) with a stable broadside beam achieving a measured peak gain of about 4:64dBi. Furthermore, a 100% correction in beam squint value from q = 41° to q = 0° with respect to the antenna boresight is achieved.
MiR-96-5p relieves neuropathic pain by targeting ZEB1
Authors: Wang Fang , Wang Li
Published: December 2020

BackgroundMicroRNAs (miRNAs) gradually attracts researchers’ attention in regulating the development of neuropathic pain, and many miRNAs have been reported that were able to alleviate neuropathic pain. Meantime, neuroinflammations promote the process of neuropathic pain. MiR‐96‐5p was associated with many pathological diseases, including many kinds of cancers. However, we knew little about the biological function of miR‐96‐5p in the regulation of neuropathic pain development. Hence, we focused our study on the biological function of miR‐96‐5p in neuropathic pain.ResultsAs the result, a decrease of miR‐96‐5p expression was observed in CCI rats model. Meanwhile, the overexpression of miR-96-5p resulted in inhibition of inflammation‐correlated biomarkers of IL‐6, IL‐1β and Cox-2. In addition, we predicted the zinc finger E‐box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) was one target of miR‐96‐5p, with a conserved interaction site at 3′‐untranslated region of ZEB1. Furthermore, we observed the increased expression of ZEB1 in CCI rats at both of transcriptional and translational level and miR‐96‐5p could regulate that negatively. And overexpressing ZEB1 would disrupt the miR-96-5p inducing alleviation of neuropathic pain, along with IL‐6, IL‐1β and Cox-2 up-regulated. ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that miR‐96‐5p could relieve neuropathic pain by targeting ZEB1 in vivo.
MiR-4448 Is Involved in Deltamethrin Resistance by Targeting CYP4H31 in Culex Pipiens Pallens
Authors: Li Xixi , Hu Shengli , Yin Haitao , Zhang Hongbo , Zhou Dan , Sun Yan , Ma Lei , Shen Bo , Zhu Changliang
Published: December 2020

Background: Mosquitoes are vectors of serious diseases affecting human health. Unfortunately, mosquitoes have developed deltamethrin resistance because of its long-term overuse, representing a major challenge to mosquito control. Understanding the molecular regulatory mechanisms of resistance is vital to control mosquitoes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non‑coding RNAs that have been demonstrated as important regulators of gene expression across a wide variety of organisms, which might function in mosquito deltamethrin resistance. Methods: In the present study, we used quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR to measure miR-4448 and CYP4H31 (encoding a cytochrome P450) expression levels. The regulatory functions of miR-4448 and CYP4H31 were assessed using Dual-Luciferase reporter assays. Then, oral feeding, RNA interference, and the American Centers for Disease Control and Prevention bottle bioassay were used to determine miR‑4448’s association with deltamethrin resistance by targeting CYP4H31 in vivo. A Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was also used to detect the viability of pIB/V5-His-CYP4H31-transfected C6/36 cells after deltamethrin treatment in vitro. Results: MiR-4448 was downregulated in the deltamethrin-resistant strain (DR-strain), whereas CYP4H31 was downregulated in deltamethrin-susceptible strain. negatively regulated CYP4H31 expression was downregulated by miR-4448 recognizing and binding to its 3' untranslated region. Functional verification experiments showed that miR-4448 overexpression resulted in lower expression of CYP4H31. The mortality of miR-4448 mimic-injected DR-strain mosquitoes was higher than that of the controls. CCK-8 assays showed that CYP4H31 decreased cellular resistance to deltamethrin in vitro and the mortality of the DR-strain increased when CYP4H31 was knocked down CYP4H31 in vivo. Conclusions: In mosquitoes, miR-4448 participates in deltamethrin resistance by targeting CYP4H31. The results of the present study increase our understanding of deltamethrin resistance mechanisms.
White Matter Hyperintensities in Autopsy-Confirmed Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration and Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Desmarais Philippe , Gao Andrew , Keith Julia , Lanctôt Krista , Rogaeva Ekaterina , Ramirez Joel , Herrmann Nathan , Stuss Donald T. , Black Sandra E. , Masellis Mario
Published: December 2020

BackgroundWe aimed to systematically describe the burden and distribution of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and investigate correlations with neuropsychiatric symptoms in pathologically proven Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD).MethodsAutopsy-confirmed cases were identified from the Sunnybrook Dementia Study, including 15 cases of AD and 58 cases of FTLD (22 FTLD-TDP cases; 10 FTLD-Tau [Pick's] cases; 11 FTLD-Tau Corticobasal Degeneration cases; and 15 FTLD-Tau Progressive Supranuclear Palsy cases). Data analyses included ANCOVA to compare the burden of WMH on antemortem brain MRI between groups and adjusted linear regression models to identify associations between WMH burden and neuropsychiatric symptoms. ResultsBurden and regional distribution of WMH differed significantly between neuropathological groups (F5,77 = 2.67, P’ = 0.029), with the FTLD-TDP group having the highest mean volume globally (8,031.50 ± 8,889.15 mm3) and in frontal regions (4,897.45 ± 6,163.22 mm3). The AD group had the highest mean volume in occipital regions (468.25 ± 420.04 mm3). Total score on the Neuropsychiatric Inventory correlated with bilateral frontal WMH volume (β = 0.330, P = 0.006), depression correlated with bilateral occipital WMH volume (β = 0.401, P < 0.001), and apathy correlated with bilateral frontal WMH volume (β = 0.311, P = 0.009), all corrected for the false discovery rate. ConclusionsThese findings suggest that WMH are associated with neuropsychiatric manifestations in AD and FTLD and that WMH burden and regional distribution in neurodegenerative disorders differ according to the underlying neuropathological processes.