bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crítica de la CSCT para los artículos del Código Modelo sobre la resistencia a cortante y su efecto de escala en vigas de hormigón armado
Authors: Dönmez Abdullah , Bažant Zdeněk P.
Published: February 2024

resumen
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MENGENAL BENTUK GEOMETRI MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA PUZZLE PADA ANAK USIA DINI DI TK NEGERI 1 PEMBINA SAMARINDA
Authors: Jumiati Jumiati
Published: February 2024

The research was distributed by the importance of the ability to know the geometric shapes in learning in early childhood education. In a study in the OLD media, which used to use a simple media using paper and haven't been able to develop the ability to know the child in geometric shapes. This is shown by an indicator of the ability to know the geometric shapes are still low. To overcome this, the researchers select and use puzzle media didasari up studies of the literature that has been done. Formulation of the problem in this study generally lifting how the ability of teachers in designing a plan of learning through media puzzle and the ability of teachers in implementing the learning through media puzzle, increased ability to know the child in the form of geometry through the media puzzle. Whereas the aim of this research is generally to describe the ability of teachers in designing rencna learning through media puzzle and describes the ability of teachers in implementing the learning through media puzzle, increases the ability to know the child in the form of geometry through the media puzzle. The methods used in this research is a Research Collaborative Class Actions with the desian and research of Kemmis Taggard. The subject of this research is the child group B2 TK Negeri 1 Pembina Samarinda City. Data collection techniques used are interviews, observation and documentation. The analysis of quantitative data using percentage and qualitative data using the Notes field. Based on the data obtained and the results of the analysis, it was concluded that the ability of teachers in designing plans and carry out learning the result very good, there is a progression of any action until I cycle cycle III. The ability to know the shape of the geometry by using the media puzzle better than each cycle I until the cycle III, compared with using media paper.
Strategi Pembelajaran Daring Pada Usia 5-6 Tahun Dalam Meningkatkan Bahasa Reseptif Anak Di Tk Ar-Ridho Tangerang
Authors: Putri Siti Kamilah
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the online learning strategies aged 5-6 years in improving children's receptive language skills in Ar-Ridho Kindergarten Tangerang. This study uses a qualitative field research approach. With a research time of one month. The research subjects were students of class B TK Ar-Ridho Tangerang, who were 5-6 years old. Sources of data were obtained from representatives of parents, teachers and school principals. Data collection techniques in this study used observation, interviews and documentation, while the analysis of data reduction and data verification. Then using the data validity test technique using data credibility, external validity, reliability, research objectivity test. The results of this study indicate that the learning strategies of children aged 5-6 years in improving children's receptive language in TK Ar-Ridho Tangerang are carried out at home under the guidance of parents and direction from the teacher. The strategies used are conversations, morning journals, free storytelling, singing and others.
Peningkatan Keterampilan Motorik Halus Melalui Kegiatan Menganyam Pada Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun
Authors: Putri Hana Nabila , Nurmiyanti Leni
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study was to stimulate children to improve fine motor skills in group B children at ABA Al Jabbar Kelapa Dua Kindergarten by using weaving activities.Â  This research is a classroom action research. The research was carried out in two cycles, with each cycle consisting of planning, implementing actions, observing and reflecting. The research subjects were students from the ABA Al-Jabbar Kelapa Dua Kindergarten, totaling 12 children. Sources of data obtained from the Principal, teachers and parents. Data collection techniques are observation, interviews and documentation.Â  The results of this study indicate that through weaving activities can improve fine motor skills in children. The increase occurred during the implementation of the first cycle, the children had started to participate in weaving activities although they had not increased. In the implementation of cycle II, the increase in children's activities increased because almost all children were able to do weaving activities according to the directions given.
Efektivitas Menghafal Al-Qurâ€™an Dengan Metode Tabarak Di Rumah Tahfidz Balita Dan Anak
Authors: Afidah Maryam Nur , Nurmiyanti Leni
Published: February 2024

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of memorizing Al-Qur'an using the tabarak method at the Tahfidz Toddler and Child Al-Fatih Panongan House, Tangerang Regency. The method used in this research is a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach. The data in this study are in the form of photos or pictures, stories and texts obtained from primary and secondary sources. Data collection techniques in this study using observation, interviews and documentation. The data validity test technique in this study used triangulation techniques. The data analysis technique used in this study uses the Miles and Huberman mode. The results showed that (1) The effectiveness of memorizing Al-Qur'an at the Tahfidz House for Toddlers and Children of Al-Fatih Panongan can be seen through teaching and learning activities carried out in a structured manner starting with reading Al-Fatihah and prayer before studying and ending with read the closing prayer; (2) The use of the tabarak method in memorizing Al-Qur'an at the Tahfidz House for Toddlers and Children of Al-Fatih Panongan is adjusted to the wishes of parents and children, such as the time to reach the target or the level of memorization; (3) The effectiveness of memorizing Al-Qur'an by using the tabarak method at the Tahfidz Toddler and Al-Fatih Panongan Children's House can be seen from the learning media and the role of parents.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN GAME ONLINE TERHADAP AKHLAK ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Hendiana Tasya Nur Bilqis , Ridhwan Deden Saeful
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of using online games on the morals of elementary school children at the Catalina Medang Housing Estate, Tangerang. The use of playing online games will lead to madzmumah morals in children. This study seeks to determine whether the high use of online games will have an impact on the morals of children's madzmumah. This research method uses quantitative methods. The subjects of this study were elementary school-aged children living in the Catalina Medang Housing Estate, Tangerang, totaling 32 respondents. Data collection techniques are observation, documentation, and questionnaires. Data processing using SPSS Version 22 computer program. The results showed that the use of online games on the morals of elementary school children in Catalina Medang Housing, Tangerang by looking at the interpretation table, entered the data into the low category.
KETERAMPILAN GURU DALAM MEMBUKA PELAJARAN TERHADAP MINAT BELAJAR
Authors: Utami Dyah Permata , Budiana Irma
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this research is to 1) know the teacher’s skills in opening lessons in Islamic religious education subjects class vii in the Islamic Village junior high school Tangerang district. 2) knowing students’ learning interest in Islamic religious education subjects class vii in the Islamic Village junior high school Tangerang district. 3) determine the effect of teacher skills in opening lessons on students learning interest in the Islamic Village junior high school Tangerang district. This study uses a quantitative approach to measure the influence of teacher skills in opening lessons (Variable X) on students’ learning interest in the Islamic Village junior high school Tangerang district. The subject of this research were students of class VII Islamic Village junior high scholl Tangerang district, totaling 50 students. Sources of data come from teachers and students. Data collection techniques by questionnaries, and documentation. The validity of the data using the product moment correlation assisted by SPSS 21 application, the reliability of the data was carried out using cornbach alpha assisted by SPSS 21 application. The data analysis used descriptive analysis techniques.The results showed that there was a siginificant influence between the teacher’s skills opening lessons on students learning interest in Islamic religious education subjects in the Islamic Village junior high school Tangerang district. The was evidenced by the t-count value of 2,744 with a constant (a) value of 21,526 and a regression coefficient value of 0,425. The influence of teacher skills in opening a lesson on students learning interest in Islamic religious education subjects was 13,6 % which can be seen from the value of R Square = 0.136 which states that there are 86,4% of other factors that can affect students learning interest.
Determination of coral reef health status using social indicators
Authors:   Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Cebu Normal University, Philippines., Azcuna-Montaño Mirasol , Silapan Judith R. ,   Department of Biology and Environmental Science, College of Science, University of the Philippines-Cebu, Lahug, Cebu City, Philippines., Orillo Yuleta ,   Psychology Program, College of Social Sciences, University of the Philippines-Cebu, Lahug, Cebu City, Philippines
Published: February 2024

The Lamawan Pony Marine Protected Area (MPA) in San Jose de Buenavista, Antique, Philippines, was created to improve marine conservation and fisheries management. The socio-cultural component of this study deployed primarily Key Informant Interviews (KIIs), Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), and face-to-face surveys in four fishing communities. Findings from the surveys revealed that the MPA status is poor due to anthropogenic impacts. The knowledge of MPA presence is high (86%); however, the local perception of MPA sustainability is low (26%), due to fishing challenges. Despite these conditions, results suggest that increasing the no-take zone area to at least 20% of the total MPA size is necessary to achieve the goals set for an MPA. The data in this study are imperative for improving sustainable fishery management in the future that balances the economic needs of its coastal populace.
Pre- and post-harvest antimicrobial treatments of fresh produce
Authors:   Department of Botany, Government Titumir College, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh, Akter Chadni , Shahrin Alfi ,   Department of Pharmacy, East West University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh, Das Purnima ,   Department of Water Resources Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh, Mele Mahmuda Akter ,   College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia, Kang Ho-Min ,   Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea, Lee Young-Tack ,   Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea, Islam Mohammad Zahirul ,   Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
Published: February 2024

There has been a significant rise in attention and worry surrounding fresh produce. This is due to the response of consumers and marketers to widespread media coverage on the health impacts of microbial contaminants in food. Multiple studies have consistently found that high-quality and non-contaminated products have a higher demand compared to those that are contaminated with microbes. Given the growing demand for fresh food, it is necessary to examine the current research that focuses on the microbiological quality. So far, only a limited number of carefully conducted studies have been completed to develop viable therapies for managing microbial activity. Nevertheless, a slight elevation in the inclination of several therapies, including physical, chemical, biological, gaseous, and radiation methods, is noted. A proper treatment may elevate market value and consumer satisfaction. Prominent areas for future research can be identified and given special attention.
Feasibility and tolerability of eribulin-based chemotherapy versus other chemotherapy regimens for patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: a single-centre retrospective study
Authors: Huang Weiwei , Wang Chenxi , Wang Lili , Shen Yangkun , Chen Qi , Huang Zhijian , Liu Jian , Lin Xiaoyan , Wu Fan , Chen Xinhua , Li Nani , Hong Yi , Chen Mulan , Li Jieyu , Huang Chuanzhong
Published: February 2024

Background: Patients with Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) face a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Current data on eribulin usage to treat TNBC is scarce. Therefore, we sought to compare the feasibility and tolerability of eribulin-based regimens with other chemotherapy regimens in patients with TNBC.

Method: This retrospective study was conducted at Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital and included 159 patients with TNBC enrolled between October 2011 and January 2023. Patients underwent treatment with eribulin-based and other chemotherapy regimens. The study’s primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), while its secondary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and safety. Tumour response was assessed using RECIST V.1.1 criteria.

Results: Of the 159 participants in the study, 42 individuals (26.4%) received treatment with eribulin, whereas 117 participants (73.6%) were administered alternative chemotherapy regimens, which included nab-paclitaxel-based therapy (n = 45) and platinum-based therapy (n = 51). The follow-up period for all patients ended on 31 December 2022, and the median follow-up time was 18.3 months (range:0.7–27.5). Following propensity score matching (PSM), eribulin-based treatment resulted in longer median progression-free survival compared to platinum-based (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.41, p = 0.006), nab-paclitaxel-based (hazard ratio = 0.36, p = 0.001) and other chemotherapy (HR = 0.39, p < 0.001). Also, eribulin induced a remarkable prolongation of the median overall survival duration in all three comparative groups. The group receiving eribulin treatment showed significantly reduced incidences of any grade of anaemia, peripheral neuropathy, nausea and vomiting, and hair loss compared to other chemotherapy groups.

Conclusion: For the salvage treatment of advanced TNBC, treatment with eribulin produced longer median PFS and OS than other chemotherapy regimens, with a well-tolerated safety profile. Therefore, further investigation of eribulin-based treatment in larger randomized trials for patients with advanced TNBC is warranted.
Advancements in incorporating metal ions onto the surface of biomedical titanium and its alloys via micro-arc oxidation: a research review
Authors: Zhang Xue’e , Zhou Wuchao , Xi Weihong
Published: February 2024

The incorporation of biologically active metallic elements into nano/micron-scale coatings through micro-arc oxidation (MAO) shows significant potential in enhancing the biological characteristics and functionality of titanium-based materials. By introducing diverse metal ions onto titanium implant surfaces, not only can their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and corrosion resistance properties be heightened, but it also promotes vascular growth and facilitates the formation of new bone tissue. This review provides a thorough examination of recent advancements in this field, covering the characteristics of commonly used metal ions and their associated preparation parameters. It also highlights the diverse applications of specific metal ions in enhancing osteogenesis, angiogenesis, antibacterial efficacy, anti-inflammatory and corrosion resistance properties of titanium implants. Furthermore, the review discusses challenges faced and future prospects in this promising area of research. In conclusion, the synergistic approach of micro-arc oxidation and metal ion doping demonstrates substantial promise in advancing the effectiveness of biomedical titanium and its alloys, promising improved outcomes in medical implant applications.
GIS based flood extent assessment using MODIS satellite remote sensing and spatial analysis
Authors: Akram Afshin , Tahir Arifa , Alam Asifa
Published: February 2024

Out of all natural catastrophes, floods are one of the most destructive and common occurrences as it affects human lives, economy and environment. Pakistan is prone to flooding because it is greatly affected by climate change. Mianwali region, Pakistan was selected as study area because this region is vulnerable to floods and have been affected by major floods in Pakistan in 2010 and no proper study on vulnerability assessment and flood extent mapping has been done in this area. The current study was carried out to evaluate flood extent mapping of the Mianwali region by using MODIS and NDWI techniques and to develop a cumulative flood risk map for 10 years (2010–2020). For the Flood Extent Mapping MODIS Product “MODIS Combined 16-Day NDWI” was used. This product is generated from the MODIS/MCD43A4 surface reflectance composites and provides a single NDWI value for 16 daily composite images. (Earth Data Catalogue). The flood extent maps of years 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020 were developed. These flood extent maps demonstrated Mianwali villages of high flood risk zones and shallow flood risk zones. Results revealed that the people living in villages named Dhup sari, Sheikhan Wala, Arsala Wala, Moza Zareef wala, Allah khel wala and Janay Khel wala are at a greater risk of experiencing natural disasters to their geographical location as they are located alongside river Indus. Due to the cloud coverage increase and being on the bank of river Indus Mianwali is hit by floods almost every year. Lastly a cumulative Flood Risk Map was produced by combining the all extents identified during the flooding events 2010–20. The cumulative Flood Risk zones are classified as High Risk Zones and Mixed Zones based on the NDWI values. Results clearly suggest that 7 out of 20 the communities in the study area are situated in the High Risk Flood Zone and whereas the remaining 13 communities lies in the Mixed Zone which could be an area with very high soil moisture due to shallow flooding. The apparent land cover of the study area is dominated by Agriculture upon which lively hood of the communities depend. It can be concluded that Mianwali is at high danger of flooding due to its location and lack of pre-disaster preparedness. The data obtained from this study is critical for emergency response and rehabilitation efforts. The findings can assist local disaster organizations, planners, researchers, line agencies and local government in managing flood hazards in the area.
Variability in geochemical weathering indices in loess over the last full glacial cycle at Karamaidan, central Asia (Tajikistan)
Authors: Aquino Andrea , Scardia Giancarlo , Prud’homme Charlotte , Dave Aditi K. , Lezzerini Marco , Johansson Alexandra Engström , Marquer Laurent , Safaraliev Nosir , Lauer Tobias , Fitzsimmons Kathryn E.
Published: February 2024

This study presents the first quantitative assessment of weathering conditions in the Tajikistan depression throughout the last full glacial cycle. We employed geochemical and magnetic susceptibility analyses to investigate various weathering indices (WIs), with the CPA and FENG indices identified as the most suitable for this region. Our results confirm the formation of a robust pedocomplex, PS2, during the OIS5 interglacial phase, while primary loess deposition occurred during the interstadials. The presence of a weak paleosol, PS1, suggests that OIS3 was not significantly pronounced, and sediment transport and deposition continued during this period. Furthermore, we assessed the effectiveness of various climatic transfer functions, including some recently developed specifically for Chinese loess. These transfer functions have also shown promising applicability to the loess of Central Asia, producing realistic climate trends that are, however, still to be taken with caution. The MAT and mean annual precipitation generated with these functions show for the last interglacial period about 13°C and 665 mm, thus higher temperatures and lower precipitation than the current conditions of 10.8°C and 730 mm. These results indicate a significant increase (c. 15%) in both temperature and precipitation compared to the stadial periods.
Coordinated control strategy of reactive power compensation based on a flexible distribution network transformer
Authors: Zhan Ximei , Wang Jinfeng , Guo Guowei , Yao Yao , Gong Dehuang , Tang Aihong , Wang Qian , Leng Wenkai
Published: February 2024

In order to solve the problem of the power quality caused by distributed power access to the distribution network, this paper proposes a coordinated control strategy of reactive power compensation based on a flexible distribution transformer. First, the working principle of the flexible distribution transformer is analyzed, and the mathematical model of energy acquisition and the regulation converter of the flexible distribution transformer are studied as well. The device-level control strategies of energy acquisition and regulation converters are proposed, respectively. Then, in order to maintain the stability of the bus voltage and quickly respond to the reactive power changes of the system, a coordinated control strategy for the reactive power compensation of flexible distribution transformers is proposed. The priority herein is to maximize the reactive power compensation capacity of the energy harvesting converter. When the energy harvesting converter reaches the compensation upper limit, the control converter is used for reactive power compensation to further suppress the grid voltage fluctuation. Finally, it is verified through simulations that the flexible distribution transformer can realize the reactive power compensation of the distribution network and effectively improve the power quality of the distribution network.
The variability of NO2 concentrations over China based on satellite and influencing factors analysis during 2019–2021
Authors: Zhang Yuhuan , Chen Linhan , Guo Wei , Zhou Chunyan , Li Zhengqiang
Published: February 2024

The variation of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) vertical column densities (VCDs) indirectly reflects the difference in pollution emissions from industrial production and transportation. Accurately analyzing its pollution sources and driving factors plays an important role in energy conservation, emission reduction, and air pollution reduction. NO2 concentration products of Sentinel-5P (Sentinel-5 Precursor) TROPOMI (TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument) from 2019 to 2021 and Aura OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) from 2009 to 2021, combined with China’s main energy consumption, the growth value of the industry, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and other data were used to analyze the influencing factors of NO2 variations. Firstly, NO2 tropospheric vertical column densities (NO2 TVCDs) of China increased by 14.72% and 3.26% in 2021 and 2020 compared with the 2019. The secondary and tertiary industry and the national energy consumption increased synchronously, which was highly related to the increase in NO2 TVCDs. Secondly, the impact of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) on China’s industrial production and residents was mainly concentrated in the first quarter of 2020, which leading to a decline in the annual average NO2 concentration in densely populated areas in 2020 compared to the same period in 2019. The industrial production scale and production capacity has gradually recovered since April 2020, and the NO2 concentration has gradually reached or exceeded the level of the same period of 2019. Finally, atmospheric pollution prevention and control measures played a positive role in the decline of NO2 of China.
Economic driving characteristics of agricultural non-point source pollution and prevention suggestions: a case study from Shandong province in China
Authors: Zhang Shibin , Luo Yuzi , Zhang Pu
Published: February 2024

Agricultural non-point source pollution (ANSP) constraints on the development of the agricultural economy, grasp the interaction between the two, and develop targeted prevention and control policies in accordance with the evolution of different stages of the characteristic is essential. This study examines the economic characteristics of ANSP in Shandong Province to propose targeted countermeasures. Selected the time series data of Shandong Province from 2000 to 2020 to test the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) characteristics between ANSP and agricultural economic growth (AEG), and the Vector Error Correction model (VECM) is used further to explore the dynamic relationship and mechanism. We validate the existence of an Inverted U-shaped EKC in Shandong Province, and the inflection points of pesticides, fertilizers, and agricultural films were reached in 2007 and 2008. The changes in pesticide loss and fertilizer loss have a positive impact on the dynamics of AEG in the short term, but there is an incremental inhibition in the long term. The dynamic effect of the impulse response diagram between the amount of agricultural film residues and AEG all shows a positive impact. The average explanatory contribution of pesticide loss, fertilizer loss, and agricultural film residue to AEG decreases by 12.14%, 7.7%, and 3%, respectively. Therefore, policy suggestions are proposed to realize the coordinated development of ANSP and economic development.
Bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil: a review on principles, degradation mechanisms, and advancements
Authors: Mekonnen Bassazin Ayalew , Aragaw Tadele Assefa , Genet Melkamu Birlie
Published: February 2024

Petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) are key energy sources for several industries and daily life. Soil contamination from oily PHC spills is commonly detected in cities and industrial facilities where crude oil is used. The release of PHC pollutants into the environment, whether accidentally from petroleum industries or human activities, has become a leading source of soil pollution. Consequently, the mineralization of PHC-polluted sites has become a central issue worldwide. Although bioremediation is imperative for environmental safety and management, several approaches have been developed for PHC bioremediation. However, much remains to be explored in this regard. This review explores bioremediation of PHC-contaminated soil and provides a comprehensive examination of the principles, degradation mechanisms, and recent advancements in the field. Several microbial species have been used to study the bioremediation of PHCs, emphasizing the pivotal roles of diverse microbial communities. Aspergillus spp., Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes groups of microorganisms were the most efficient in remediating PHC-contaminated soil. The fundamental concepts behind the bioremediation of PHC and the complex mechanisms that govern degradation were elucidated. Limiting factors in the bioremediation process and recent innovations propelling the field were also discussed. Therefore, understanding the degradation pathway, ensuring complete degradation of contaminants, and flexible legislation for the proper use of genetically engineered microbes can make bioremediation more sustainable and cost-effective.
Fire dynamics and driving mechanisms on the Eastern Coast of China since the Late Pleistocene: evidence from charcoal records on Shengshan Island
Authors: Wang Zhigang , Wang Cuiping , Zhang Yao , Cheng Yuanyu , Ren Shaofang , Yi Chengxin , Wang Hui , Zhou Limin , Qian Peng , Zheng Xiangmin
Published: February 2024

Fires play a significant role in ecosystems, exerting a profound influence on climate, vegetation, and geochemical cycles, while being reciprocally affected by these factors. The reconstruction of past fire events serves as a valuable window into understanding environmental changes over time. To investigate the history of ancient fires on the Eastern Coast of China, we conducted the first charcoal analysis on a loess profile of Shengshan Island (East China Sea). Along with other biological and geochemical proxies, we successfully reconstructed the ancient fire dynamics and elucidated their driving mechanisms in this region since the Late Pleistocene. Our initial findings revealed a peak in charcoal concentration during the 60-50 ka period, but after calibrating for sedimentation rate, the concentration significantly decreased. Fire activities remained weak during 50-30 ka, likely due to the scarcity of combustible materials. Between 30-12 ka, fires were frequent in the early period, while gradually diminishing during the later stage. Dry climate and dense vegetation likely attributed to frequent fires in early period, while some extreme events (e.g., sudden change in temperature) may have decreased the fire frequency in later period. The Holocene (began ~12 ka) evidenced the most frequent fire events as a high charcoal concentration was recorded, likely caused by human activities. After comparing our findings with other paleoecological records from surrounding areas, we confirmed the accuracy of our reconstruction of ancient fires. This reconstruction captures not only local shifts but also broader regional changes. Overall, our study highlights the importance of calibrating sedimentation rate in charcoal profiles, while also contributing to an enhanced understanding of environmental changes along the Eastern Coast of China since the Late Pleistocene.
Oral microbiota–host interaction: the chief culprit of alveolar bone resorption
Authors: Xu Jingyu , Yu Ling , Ye Surong , Ye Zitong , Yang Luyi , Xu Xiaoxi
Published: February 2024

There exists a bidirectional relationship between oral health and general well-being, with an imbalance in oral symbiotic flora posing a threat to overall human health. Disruptions in the commensal flora can lead to oral diseases, while systemic illnesses can also impact the oral cavity, resulting in the development of oral diseases and disorders. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, known as pathogenic bacteria associated with periodontitis, play a crucial role in linking periodontitis to accompanying systemic diseases. In periodontal tissues, these bacteria, along with their virulence factors, can excessively activate the host immune system through local diffusion, lymphatic circulation, and blood transmission. This immune response disruption contributes to an imbalance in osteoimmune mechanisms, alveolar bone resorption, and potential systemic inflammation. To restore local homeostasis, a deeper understanding of microbiota–host interactions and the immune network phenotype in local tissues is imperative. Defining the immune network phenotype in periodontal tissues offers a promising avenue for investigating the complex characteristics of oral plaque biofilms and exploring the potential relationship between periodontitis and associated systemic diseases. This review aims to provide an overview of the mechanisms underlying Porphyromonas gingivalis- and Fusobacterium nucleatum-induced alveolar bone resorption, as well as the immunophenotypes observed in host periodontal tissues during pathological conditions.
IL11-mediated stromal cell activation may not be the master regulator of pro-fibrotic signaling downstream of TGFβ
Authors: Tan Yunhao , Mosallanejad Kenta , Zhang Qingxiu , O’Brien Stephen , Clements Meghan , Perper Stuart , Wilson Sarah , Chaulagain Sudiksha , Wang Jing , Abdalla Mary , Al-Saidi Helen , Butt Danyal , Clabbers Anca , Ofori Kwasi , Dillon Beth , Harvey Bohdan , Memmott John , Negron Christopher , Winarta David , Tan Catherine , Biswas Amlan , Dong Feng , Morales-Tirado Vanessa , Lu Xiaoqing , Singh Gurminder , White Michael , Ashley Shanna , Knight Heather , Westmoreland Susan , Phillips Lucy , Carr Tracy , Reinke-Breen Lauren , Singh Rajeeva , Xu Jianwen , Wu Kan , Rinaldi Lisa , Stoll Brian , He Yupeng David , Hazelwood Lisa , Karman Jozsef , McCluskey Andrew , Stine William , Correia Ivan , Gauld Stephen , Levesque Marc C. , Veldman Geertruida , Hubeau Cedric , Radstake Timothy , Sadhukhan Ramkrishna , Fiebiger Edda
Published: February 2024

Fibrotic diseases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and systemic scleroderma (SSc), are commonly associated with high morbidity and mortality, thereby representing a significant unmet medical need. Interleukin 11 (IL11)-mediated cell activation has been identified as a central mechanism for promoting fibrosis downstream of TGFβ. IL11 signaling has recently been reported to promote fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition, thus leading to various pro-fibrotic phenotypic changes. We confirmed increased mRNA expression of IL11 and IL11Rα in fibrotic diseases by OMICs approaches and in situ hybridization. However, the vital role of IL11 as a driver for fibrosis was not recapitulated. While induction of IL11 secretion was observed downstream of TGFβ signaling in human lung fibroblasts and epithelial cells, the cellular responses induced by IL11 was quantitatively and qualitatively inferior to that of TGFβ at the transcriptional and translational levels. IL11 blocking antibodies inhibited IL11Rα-proximal STAT3 activation but failed to block TGFβ-induced profibrotic signals. In summary, our results challenge the concept of IL11 blockade as a strategy for providing transformative treatment for fibrosis.
Genetic variation of FcγRIIa induces higher uptake of Leishmania infantum and modulates cytokine production by adherent mononuclear cells in vitro
Authors: Catarino Jonatas da Silva , Oliveira Rafael Faria de , Silva Marcos Vinicius , Sales-Campos Helioswilton , de Vito Fernanda Bernadelli , Silva Djalma Alexandre Alves da , Naves Lucila Langoni , Oliveira Carlo José Freire , Rodrigues Denise Bertulucci Rocha , Rodrigues Virmondes
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Single nucleotide variations (SNVs) are specific genetic variations that commonly occur in a population and often do not manifest phenotypically. However, depending on their location and the type of nucleotide exchanged, an SNV can alter or inhibit the function of the gene in which it occurs. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) receptor genes have exhibited several polymorphisms, including rs1801274, which is found in the FcgRIIa gene. The replacement of A with T results in a Histidine (H) to Arginine (R) substitution, altering the affinity of the IgG receptor for IgG subtypes and C-reactive protein (CRP). In this study, we analyzed rs1801274 and its functional implications concerning L. Infantum uptake and cytokine production.

Methods

We genotyped 201 individuals from an endemic area for visceral leishmaniasis to assess the presence of rs1801274 using Taqman probes for a candidate gene study. Additionally, we included seventy individuals from a non-endemic area for a functional study. Subsequently, we isolated and cultivated one-week adherent mononuclear cells (AMCs) derived from the peripheral blood of participants residing in the non-endemic region in the presence of L. infantum promastigotes, with and without antigen-specific IgG and/or CRP. We analyzed the rate of phagocytosis and the production of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-12 p70, IL-1b, IL- 6, and IL-8 in the culture supernatants.

Results and discussion

In participants from the endemic region, the A/G (H/R isoform) heterozygous genotype was significantly associated with susceptibility to the disease. Furthermore, SNVs induced a change in the phagocytosis rate in an opsonin-dependent manner. Opsonization with IgG increased the production of IL-10, TNF-a, and IL-6 in AMCs with the H/R isoform, followed by a decrease in NO production. The results presented here suggest that the rs1801274 polymorphism is linked to a higher susceptibility to visceral leishmaniasis.
Performance analysis of vehicle magnetorheological semi-active air suspension based on S-QFSMC control
Authors: Li Gang , Gan Yu , Liu Qianjie , Xu Han , Chen Dianfeng , Zhong Lin , Deng Jianming , Hu Guoliang
Published: February 2024

The performance of the suspension is a crucial criterion for evaluating both vehicle handling and passenger comfort. To enhance suspension performance, this study proposes the design of a Quantum Genetic Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controller (S-QFSMC) based on the Smith predictor estimator, building upon the foundation of the vehicle magneto-rheological semi-active air suspension. According to the physical model of the vehicle suspension, a mechanical model of a quarter-vehicle magneto-rheological semi-active air suspension with time delay is established. On this basis, a conventional sliding mode controller is designed, and quantum genetic algorithm and fuzzy control principles are employed to optimize the chattering issue associated with sliding mode control. The Smith predictor estimator is utilized to effectively compensate for the time delay in the suspension system. Subsequently, a simulation analysis of the vehicle suspension performance is conducted. The results indicate that, compared to passive suspension control, both the QFSMC controller and the S-QFSMC controller improve the suspension performance, with the S-QFSMC controller exhibiting superior comprehensive improvement. This validates the effectiveness of the designed controllers.
Promoting the process of determining brain death through standardized training
Authors: Su Yingying , Zhang Yan , Ye Hong , Chen Weibi , Fan Linlin , Liu Gang , Huang Huijin , Gao Daiquan , Zhang Yunzhou
Published: February 2024

Objective

This study aims to explore the training mode for brain death determination to ensure the quality of subsequent brain death determination.

Methods

A four-skill and four-step (FFT) training model was adopted, which included a clinical neurological examination, an electroencephalogram (EEG) examination, a short-latency somatosensory evoked potential (SLSEP) examination, and a transcranial Doppler (TCD) examination. Each skill is divided into four steps: multimedia theory teaching, bedside demonstration, one-on-one real or dummy simulation training, and assessment. The authors analyzed the training results of 1,577 professional and technical personnel who participated in the FFT training model from 2013 to 2020 (25 sessions), including error rate analysis of the written examination, knowledge gap analysis, and influencing factors analysis.

Results

The total error rates for all four written examination topics were < 5%, at 4.13% for SLSEP, 4.11% for EEG, 3.71% for TCD, and 3.65% for clinical evaluation. The knowledge gap analysis of the four-skill test papers suggested that the trainees had different knowledge gaps. Based on the univariate analysis and the multiple linear regression analysis, among the six factors, specialty categories, professional and technical titles, and hospital level were the independent influencing factors of answer errors (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

The FFT model is suitable for brain death (BD) determination training in China; however, the authors should pay attention to the professional characteristics of participants, strengthen the knowledge gap training, and strive to narrow the difference in training quality.
Case report: An N-of-1 study using amplitude modulated transcranial alternating current stimulation between Broca's area and the right homotopic area to improve post-stroke aphasia with increased inter-regional synchrony
Authors: Omae Erika , Shima Atsushi , Tanaka Kazuki , Yamada Masako , Cao Yedi , Nakamura Tomoyuki , Hoshiai Hajime , Chiba Yumi , Irisawa Hiroshi , Mizushima Takashi , Mima Tatsuya , Koganemaru Satoko
Published: February 2024

Over one-third of stroke survivors develop aphasia, and language dysfunction persists for the remainder of their lives. Brain language network changes in patients with aphasia. Recently, it has been reported that phase synchrony within a low beta-band (14–19 Hz) frequency between Broca's area and the homotopic region of the right hemisphere is positively correlated with language function in patients with subacute post-stroke aphasia, suggesting that synchrony is important for language recovery. Here, we employed amplitude-modulated transcranial alternating current stimulation (AM-tACS) to enhance synchrony within the low beta band frequency between Broca's area and the right homotopic area, and to improve language function in a case of chronic post-stroke aphasia. According to an N-of-1 study design, the patient underwent short-term intervention with a one-time intervention of 15 Hz-AM-tACS with Broca's and the right homotopic areas (real condition), sham stimulation (sham condition), and 15 Hz-AM-tACS with Broca's and the left parietal areas (control condition) and long-term intervention with sham and real conditions (10 sessions in total, each). In the short-term intervention, the reaction time and accuracy rate of the naming task improved after real condition, not after sham and control conditions. The synchrony between the stimulated areas evaluated by coherence largely increased after the real condition. In the long-term intervention, naming ability, verbal fluency and overall language function improved, with the increase in the synchrony, and those improvements were sustained for more than a month after real condition. This suggests that AM-tACS on Broca's area and the right homotopic areas may be a promising therapeutic approach for patients with poststroke aphasia.
Adult-onset multifocal kaposiform hemangioendothelioma in the bone marrow, lung, liver, and brain: a case report
Authors: Bello Alexa , Alikhan Mir B. , Subramaniam Aparna , Yusuf Zenab I. , Brockstein Bruce , Ravi Vinod
Published: February 2024

Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE), a rare form of vascular neoplasm, is typically seen in children. In this paper, we report a unique case of KHE replacing bone marrow tissue mimicking myeloproliferative neoplasm with additional involvement in the lung, liver, and brain in a 60-year-old Caucasian woman. The patient was initially seen in the hematology department for the chief complaint of epigastric pain and anemia. Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed mild splenomegaly with iron deposition secondary to extramedullary hematopoiesis. Additional workup was inconclusive. Subsequent bone marrow and lung biopsies eventually revealed bone marrow with extensive grade 3 fibrosis and multiple foci of low-grade vasoformative neoplasm in the lung suggestive of KHE. Although rare, KHE can present as an aggressive disease with indolent behavior in adults and can be distinguished from other vascular malignancies based on histopathology and imaging findings.
Model-based manoeuvre analysis: a path to a new paradigm in aircraft flight dynamics
Authors: Shayak B. , Girdhar Sarthak , Malviya Sunandan
Published: February 2024

We propose a closed-form system of nonlinear equations for the pitch plane or longitudinal motions of a fixed-wing aircraft and use it to demonstrate a possible path to the unification of theoretical flight dynamics and practical analysis of aircraft manoeuvres. The derivation of an explicit model free of data tables and interpolated functions is enabled by our use of empirical formulae for lift and drag which agree with experiments. We validate the model by recovering the well-known short period and phugoid modes, and the regions of normal and reversed command. We then use the model to present detailed simulations of two acrobatic manoeuvres, an Immelmann turn and a vertical dive. Providing new quantitative insights into the dynamics of aviation, our model-based manoeuvre analysis has the potential to impact both the academic flight dynamics curriculum and the ground training program for pilots of manned and unmanned aircraft. Possible consequences of future model-centric pilot training may include improved safety standards in general and commercial aviation as well as expedited theoretical course completion in air transport.
Nociceptor mechanisms underlying pain and bone remodeling via orthodontic forces: toward no pain, big gain
Authors: Wang Sheng , Ko Ching-Chang , Chung Man-Kyo
Published: February 2024

Orthodontic forces are strongly associated with pain, the primary complaint among patients wearing orthodontic braces. Compared to other side effects of orthodontic treatment, orthodontic pain is often overlooked, with limited clinical management. Orthodontic forces lead to inflammatory responses in the periodontium, which triggers bone remodeling and eventually induces tooth movement. Mechanical forces and subsequent inflammation in the periodontium activate and sensitize periodontal nociceptors and produce orthodontic pain. Nociceptive afferents expressing transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) play central roles in transducing nociceptive signals, leading to transcriptional changes in the trigeminal ganglia. Nociceptive molecules, such as TRPV1, transient receptor potential ankyrin subtype 1, acid-sensing ion channel 3, and the P2X3 receptor, are believed to mediate orthodontic pain. Neuropeptides such as calcitonin gene-related peptides and substance P can also regulate orthodontic pain. While periodontal nociceptors transmit nociceptive signals to the brain, they are also known to modulate alveolar bone remodeling in periodontitis. Therefore, periodontal nociceptors and nociceptive molecules may contribute to the modulation of orthodontic tooth movement, which currently remains undetermined. Future studies are needed to better understand the fundamental mechanisms underlying neuroskeletal interactions in orthodontics to improve orthodontic treatment by developing novel methods to reduce pain and accelerate orthodontic tooth movement—thereby achieving “big gains with no pain” in clinical orthodontics.
Total cucurbitacins from Herpetospermum pedunculosum pericarp do better than Hu-lu-su-pian (HLSP) in its safety and hepatoprotective efficacy
Authors: Liu Wen-Ya , Xu Di , Hu Zi-Yun , Meng Hui-Hui , Zheng Qi , Wu Feng-Ye , Feng Xin , Wang Jun-Song
Published: February 2024

The pericarp of Herpetospermum pedunculosum (HPP) has traditionally been used for treating jaundice and hepatitis. However, the specific hepatoprotective components and their safety/efficacy profiles remain unclear. This study aimed to characterize the total cucurbitacins (TCs) extracted from HPP and evaluate their hepatoprotective potential. As a reference, Hu-lu-su-pian (HLSP), a known hepatoprotective drug containing cucurbitacins, was used for comparison of chemical composition, effects, and safety. Molecular networking based on UHPLC-MS/MS identified cucurbitacin B, isocucurbitacin B, and cucurbitacin E as the major components in TCs, comprising 70.3%, 26.1%, and 3.6% as determined by RP-HPLC, respectively. TCs treatment significantly reversed CCl4-induced metabolic changes associated with liver damage in a dose-dependent manner, impacting pathways including energy metabolism, oxidative stress and phenylalanine metabolism, and showed superior efficacy to HLSP. Safety evaluation also showed that TCs were safe, with higher LD50 and no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) values than HLSP. The median lethal dose (LD50) and NOAEL values of TCs were 36.21 and 15 mg/kg body weight (BW), respectively, while the LD50 of HLSP was 14 mg/kg BW. In summary, TCs extracted from HPP demonstrated promising potential as a natural hepatoprotective agent, warranting further investigation into synergistic effects of individual cucurbitacin components.