bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Landsat NIR band and ELM-FATES sensitivity to forest disturbances and regrowth in the Central Amazon
Authors: Negrón-Juárez Robinson I. , Holm Jennifer A. , Faybishenko Boris , Magnabosco-Marra Daniel , Fisher Rosie A. , Shuman Jacquelyn K. , de Araujo Alessandro C. , Riley William J. , Chambers Jeffrey Q.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Forest disturbance and regrowth are key processes in forest dynamics but detailed information of these processes is difficult to obtain in remote forests as the Amazon. We used chronosequences of Landsat satellite imagery to determine the sensitivity of surface reflectance from all spectral bands to windthrow, clearcutting, and burning and their successional pathways of forest regrowth in the Central Amazon. We also assess whether the forest demography model Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator (FATES) implemented in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) Land Model (ELM), ELM-FATES, accurately represents the changes for windthrow and clearcut. The results show that all spectral bands from Landsat satellite were sensitive to the disturbances but after 3 to 6 years only the Near Infrared (NIR) band had significant changes associated with the successional pathways of forest regrowth for all the disturbances considered. In general, the NIR decreased immediately after disturbance, increased to maximum values with the establishment of pioneers and early-successional tree species, and then decreased slowly and almost linearly to pre-disturbance conditions with the dynamics of forest succession. Statistical methods predict that NIR will return to pre-disturbance values in about 39 years (consistent with observational data of biomass regrowth following windthrows), and 36 and 56 years for clearcut and burning. The NIR captured the observed successional pathways of forest regrowth after clearcut and burning that diverge through time. ELM-FATES predicted higher peaks of initial forest responses (e.g., biomass, stem density) after clearcuts than after windthrows, similar to the changes in NIR. However, ELM-FATES predicted a faster recovery of forest structure and canopy-coverage back to pre-disturbance conditions for windthrows compared to clearcuts. The similarity of ELM-FATES predictions of regrowth patterns after windthrow and clearcut to those of the NIR results suggest that the dynamics of forest regrowth for these disturbances are represented with appropriate fidelity within ELM-FATES and useful as a benchmarking tool.
Temporal Visualization of Body Cavity Partitioning: An Interactive Timeline
Authors: Yoshioka Natalie , Cotanche Douglas , Doubleday Alison , Lebowicz Leah , Daugherty John
Published: December 2019

Embryology is essential for future health-care providers to understand due to clinical significance, since birth defects and prematurity are leading causes of disability and infant mortality. The lack of embryology visualizations presents a barrier to discovering embryonic relationships quickly and efficiently. A web-based, interactive timeline on body cavity partitioning was developed to allow users to discover key developmental landmarks of both normal and abnormal embryonic development. Body cavity partitioning was chosen as the area of focus, as organ system development is directly related to the embryonic spaces. Users can select events, which highlights related structures and defects with visual cues.
25 Years Ago in the JBPA/JBP
Authors: St. John Merrill Thomas
Published: December 2019

In this column, we look back at the content and imagery found in earlier issues of the Journal of the Biological Photographic Association (JBPA), which later was renamed the Journal of Biological Photography (JBP). Thomas St. John Merrill's column examines some important articles from 25 years ago, and he offers some personal insight and commentary.
Visualization of a Juvenile Australopithecus afarensis Specimen: Implications for Functional Foot Anatomy
Authors: Milman Eleanor , Daugherty John , Alemseged Zeresenay , Brennan Kevin , Lebowicz Leah
Published: December 2019

Since it was named in 1978, analyses of Australopithecus afarensis have culminated in several dominant theories on how humans acquired many of their unique adaptations. Because bipedal locomotion is one of the earliest characteristics of human functional anatomy to appear in the fossil record, its associated anatomy in early hominins has significant implications for human evolution (Stern, 2000). The skeleton and overall morphological characteristics of the foot in Australopithecus afarensis provide important clues about the origins of upright bipedal locomotion.
The Impact of Financial Development on Innovation Activities in Emerging and Developing Countries
Authors: LoukilLoukil KamiliaKamilia
Published: December 2019

We investigate in this paper the effect of financial development on innovation in emerging and developing countries. The estimation of panel threshold model for a sample 54 countries during the period 1980-2009 shows the presence of non linear effects in the relationship between financial development and innovation. We find a threshold value of economic development below which the financial development level has no significant impact on innovation and above which financial development has a significant positive impact on innovation. In sum, our findings suggest that the presence of a healthy economic environment is crucial for financial institutions to offer high-quality financial services, promoting more innovation.
Virtual Reality in China: Is There a Sustainable Business Model for Virtual Reality Content Enterprises?
Authors: Shan Yu
Published: December 2019

This paper provides a micro-perspective on the business activity of VR content production in China’s digital creative industries. It is based on two case studies in the form of semi-structured interviews with the founders of Pinta studios and Sandman studios. Questions concerning the development of sustainable VR content production in China are raised. This article employs the framework of business model canvas (BMC) to describe and analyse business models by exploring the dynamics and initiatives of VR content enterprises from 2016 to 2019. Research with Chinese VR content enterprises provides an opportunity to rethink many of the opportunities and challenges confronting Chinese VR content creators as they seek to implement this disruptive technology to engage consumers and adapt to the huge market in the future. Based on fieldwork research for these two case studies, exploring the dynamics and initiatives in the process of VR content production in China, the article finds that the need for specific and sustainable business models for VR enterprises represents a significant challenge. The paper concludes with some comments on the acquisition of ‘open literacy’, this time at enterprise level.
The Mining of Craft: An exploration of Minecraft as a Community of Inquiry
Authors: Miller Liam
Published: December 2019

Reading and Writing in any domain, whether it is law, rap songs, academic essays, superhero comics, or whatever, are not just ways of decoding print, they are also caught up with ways of doing things, thinking about things, valuing things, and interacting with other people – that is, they are caught up with different sorts of social practices. (Gee 2007, p. 18)

Reading and Writing, for James Gee, is how we engage with any knowledge community; what he calls a semiotic domain (2007). Our level of literacy in a given domain amounts to how well we can read (understand) and write (convey) the knowledge that the domain values. Education is all about teaching the student how to read and write. However, we read and write with much more than just pens and paper. Our literacy covers how we engage and interact within our domain of knowledge.

In the following paper I will explore these ideas of reading and writing within the domain of Minecraft. I will use the educational theory of John Dewey to show how the community of Minecraft creates its own knowledge community, and how its members learn to read and write.
Los 8 hoteles más tecnológicos del mundo
Authors: El Salvador, S.A. de C.V. Ernst & Young,
Published: December 2019

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

Realidad Empresarial No. 8, 2019: 2-11
Gestión administrativa deportiva caso de estudio: liga mayor de fútbol salvadoreña
Authors: Tovar Diego
Published: December 2019

“El deporte es demasiado juego para ser negocio y demasiado negocio para ser un juego”, esta es una frase que se extrae del libro “Principles and practice of Sport Management” (Masteralexis, Barr y Hums), y que sin duda describe de una manera muy exacta le realidad no solo del fútbol, sino que del deporte en general.En este artículo se presenta la situación actual del fútbol salvadoreño, desde una óptica administrativa-deportiva, con el objetivo de identificar oportunidades y áreas deficitarias, y de esta manera apuntar a investigaciones más profundas en el corto plazo. Para la realización de este articulo se ha tomado como baseinvestigaciones realizadas a través del aula, trabajos de graduación, textos relacionados al deporte y recientes comunicación salvadoreños.

Realidad Empresarial No. 8, 2019: 46-50
Making Artistic Learning Visible: Theory Building Through A/r/tographical Exploration
Authors: Ruopp Amy , Unrath Kathy
Published: December 2019

I do not seek, I find.

—Picasso

If art educators are going to teach to meet the needs of the 21st-century learner and an ever-changing global society, art education needs to move beyond teaching content and embrace creativity, process, and ideation as interdependent components in teaching and learning art. Communicating and teaching the complexities of ideation and process are critical for reading and engaging an increasingly visual world. This article offers insights into how multimodal reflection in action and on action intersecting with rhizomatic thinking creates conditions for paradigm shifts about identity and conceptualizations of creative knowledge acquisition with pre-service art education students. By capturing the multimodal moments of their own creating through video format, a layered text capturing material, action, voice, intention, and reflection emerges to make process visible. Pre-service teachers entering the field of art education cognizant of their epistemology and the “how” of knowledge construction not only empower their students as active learners but are also living advocates for art education.
Impact of Financial Leverage, Size and Assets Structure on Firm Value: Evidence from Industrial Sector, Jordan
Authors: Al-Slehat Zaher Abdel Fattah
Published: December 2019

The present study aims at revealing the financial leverage, Size, and asset structure and its impact on the values of firms. The researcher used the analytical method approach for a sample of 13 firms from the mining and extraction industry sector listed on the Amman stock exchange of the period 2010-2018.The model of simple line regression was used for testing the hypotheses of the study by using both programs of (E-views, STATA) in addition to both programs of unit root test and variance inflation factor to make sure of the data stability and no relationship between variables.

The study concluded the non-existence of the impact of financial leverage on the firm value and the relationship between the financial leverage and Tobin’s q scale was negative. However, there was an impact of each size and asset structure on firm value and the relationship between the natural logarithm of size and asset structure was positive with Tobin’s q. The study recommends that Companies must achieve an optimal mixture of debt and equity, for long-term survival and hence the growth of the company.
Investigating the Relationship Between Vocabulary Knowledge and FL Speaking Performance
Authors: Alharthi Thamer
Published: December 2019

Research has highlighted the importance of vocabulary learning in order for L2 learners to cope with the linguistic demands of fundamental skills such as reading and listening. However, few empirical studies have investigated the relative strength of the association of a specific construct of vocabulary knowledge has on the skill of speaking. To understand more fully the practical implications of such a relationship, this paper presents empirical evidence gathered to explore a measure of productive vocabulary knowledge and the degree to which this measure correlates with and is able to predict speaking success. A cohort of 18 sophomore university learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) in Saudi Arabia (SA) completed the Productive Vocabulary Levels Test (PVLT), an oral interview and a speaking task. Test scores derived from PVLT were analyzed to produce a range of descriptive statistics, which underwent correlational analyses to determine the relationship between the measure of PVLT and speaking success. Analyses revealed a consistent pattern of declining scores from the highest to the least frequent word levels. A closer examination of the data showed that the participants’ success across the five-word levels of the PVLT showed better performance on the 2,000 and 3,000-word levels, in fact, the results indicated that only these word levels made a contribution to predicting speaking scores. Based on these findings, we draw implications for vocabulary teaching contexts and provide suggestions for future studies on vocabulary and speaking link.
Location Basis Differentials in Crude Oil Prices
Authors: Luong Phat V. , Mizrach Bruce , Otsubo Yoichi
Published: December 2019

We examine the long-run pricing relationship among crude oil prices at the North Sea (Brent) and Cushing (WTI) delivery points. The Brent-WTI location basis differential is stable until December 2009, but it widens to record levels in the next two years. We report on recent changes in the crude oil market that causes the prices to move apart. Brent and WTI prices are cointegrated prior to this structural break, but not between 2010 and 2015. Since the U.S. lifted the crude oil export ban in December 2015, Brent and WTI prices have reintegrated. U.S. retail gasoline prices respond to Brent and WTI before January 2010 and then only to Brent afterwards.
Oil Prices and the Stock Markets: Evidence from High Frequency Data
Authors: Rahmana Sajjadur , Serletis Apostolos
Published: December 2019

We use the highest frequency data that have ever been studied before to investigate the relationship between the price of oil and stock market returns. In the context of a bivariate (identified using heteroscedasticity in daily data) structural VAR in stock market returns and the change in the price of oil, we find evidence that positive oil price shocks have negative and statistically significant effects on stock market returns. Our results are robust to the use of different types of market returns, including aggregate and disaggregate U.S. market returns, aggregate and disaggregate U.S. excess returns, returns of the energy sector, returns of the major oil and gas companies, and global, eurozone, and some country specific stock market returns. They are also robust to the use of weekly data.
The Role of Banks in EU Emissions Trading
Authors: Cludius Johanna , Betz Regina
Published: December 2019

This paper is an empirical investigation of the role of banks in the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS). This topic is of particular interest considering that banks are responsible for a large and increasing share of overall transactions under the EU ETS and that they provide regulated companies with services related to emissions trading. Using both semi-structured interviews as well as descriptive and regression analysis, we investigated the different roles banks play in EU emissions trading and whether their importance as trading partners differs in relation to different types of regulated companies. Our regressions based on data from the first trading period of the EU ETS show that large companies with trading experience are more likely to choose a trading strategy involving interaction with a range of financial intermediaries, in particular banks or exchanges, than smaller, less professionalized companies, which tend to follow a trading strategy involving brokers (in particular for selling allowances). These findings can help policymakers decide on the level of involvement of non-regulated companies in their systems, which is currently allowed to varying degrees under different ETS. We recommend that this decision should be closely linked to provisions of market oversight and the level of control over the different types of financial players active in emissions trading.
Time-of-Use Electricity Pricing and Residential Low-carbon Energy Technology Adoption
Authors: Liang Jing , Liu Pengfei , Qiu Yueming , Wang Yi David , Xing Bo
Published: December 2019

This paper provides the first empirical evidence on the correlation between Time-Of-Use (TOU) electricity pricing and the adoption of energy efficient appliances and solar panels. We use household-level data in Phoenix, Arizona from an appliance saturation survey of about 16,000 customers conducted by a major electric utility. Our empirical results show that TOU consumers are associated with 27% higher likelihood to install solar panels but not more likely to adopt energy-efficient air conditioning based on the propensity score matching and coarsened exact matching methods. The findings highlight that policy makers could combine TOU and solar panels when implementing educational programs or when giving out financial incentives to consumers. Our results imply that TOU is associated with a similar impact of the incentive offered by $2,070∼$10,472 tax credits or rebates on solar adoption.
Revisiting the Income Elasticity of Energy Consumption: A Heterogeneous, Common Factor, Dynamic OECD &non-OECD Country Panel Analysis
Authors: Liddle Brantley , Huntington Hillard
Published: December 2019

The current paper contributes to the literature on the relationship between economic development and energy demand by assembling a wide panel dataset of energy consumption and prices for 37 OECD and 41 non-OECD countries. The unbalanced data spans 1960-2016, with the full 56 years of data for 17 countries and all countries having at least 18 years. In addition, our dynamic panel estimates address nonstationarity, heterogeneity, and cross-sectional dependence. Most results suggest that the GDP elasticity is less than unity (e.g., 0.7)—i.e., energy intensity will fall with economic growth. Most evidence suggests that the GDP elasticity is similar for OECD and non-OECD countries, and for non-OECD countries, similar across income-bands. Also, there is no evidence that individual country elasticity estimates (for GDP or prices) vary systematically according to income. The price elasticity is larger (in absolute terms) for OECD than for non-OECD countries— indeed, it is typically insignificant for non-OECD countries.
Do Energy Prices Drive Outward FDI? Evidence from a Sample of Listed Firms
Authors: Garsous Grégoire , Kozluk Tomasz , Dlugosch Dennis
Published: December 2019

Affordable energy is often argued to be a vital condition for manufacturing industries to be able to compete on global markets. Consequently, the idea of introducing a (unilateral) carbon tax is usually opposed on the grounds of potential losses of competitiveness and leakage of economic activity abroad. In this paper, we shed light on one potential channel of such effects—the impact of energy prices on firms’ outward FDI. Using an instrumental variable strategy we estimate the longer-term effects on a sample of listed firms from 9 manufacturing sectors in 24 OECD countries over 1995-2008. The results suggest that relative energy prices—that is the difference between domestic energy prices and prices in the potential FDI destination—are significantly and asymmetrically related to firms’ outward FDI asset share. Only firms that faced increases in the relative energy prices have increased their international asset position and this effect was relatively small.
Intra-day Electricity Demand and Temperature
Authors: McCulloch James , Ignatieva Katja
Published: December 2019

The objective of this paper is to explain the relationship between high frequency electricity demand, intra-day temperature variation and time. Using the Generalised Additive Model (GAM) framework we link high frequency (5-minute) aggregate electricity demand in Australia to the time of the day, time of the year and intra-day temperature. We document a strong relationship between high frequency electricity demand and intra-day temperature. We show a superior model fit when using Daylight Saving Time (DST), or clock time, instead of the standard (solar) time. We introduce the time weighted temperature model that captures instantaneous electricity demand sensitivity to temperature as a function of the human daily activity cycle, by assigning different temperature signal weighting based on the DST time. The results on DST and time weighted temperature modelling are novel in the literature and are important innovations in high frequency electricity demand forecasting.
Avoiding Pitfalls in China’s Electricity Sector Reforms
Authors: Davidson Michael R. , Pérez-Arriaga Ignacio
Published: December 2019

China has recently reinvigorated reforms to its electricity sector, focusing on increasing the role of markets and improving regulation. While restructuring an electricity sector is difficult and can require years of detailed planning, China’s approach relies upon broad central guidelines with many details and initiatives left to provincial governments. We assess the current state of reform efforts through the lens of five “pitfalls” based on well-established regulatory economics literature and international lessons, focusing on contract structure, system operation, and regulation. We find that while market efforts are likely to achieve efficiency gains with respect to the planned system, they may fall short of crucial functions of a market, such as incentivizing flexibility given increasing renewable energy penetrations. Making markets work will likely require a stronger centralization of market design and regulatory oversight authorities.
Disentangling Costs of Persistent and Transient Technical Inefficiency and Input Misallocation: The Case of Norwegian Electricity Distribution Firms
Authors: Kumbhakar Subal C. , Mydland Ørjan , Musau Andrew , Lien Gudbrand
Published: December 2019

Numerous studies have focused on estimating technical inefficiency in electricity distribution firms. However, most of these studies did not distinguish between persistent and transient technical inefficiency. Furthermore, almost none of the studies estimated the cost of input misallocation arising from non-optimal use of inputs. One reason is that the cost function (input distance function) typically used in the literature does not allow for the separation of technical inefficiency and allocative inefficiency. In this study, we estimate both the persistent and transient components of technical inefficiency and input misallocation of Norwegian electricity distribution firms, using panel data from 2000 to 2016. Our modeling and estimation strategy is to use a system approach, consisting of the production function and the first-order conditions of cost minimization. Input misallocation for each pair of inputs is modeled via the first-order conditions of cost minimization. We also estimate the costs of each component of technical inefficiency and input misallocation by deriving the cost function for a multi-output separable production technology. Our modeling and estimation strategy handles endogeneity of inputs. Finally, we allow for inclusion of determinants of persistent and transient technical inefficiency. Our results show that the costs of input misallocation of Norwegian electricity distribution firms are non-negligible.
Global Climate Change Mitigation: Strategic Incentives
Authors: Perdana Sigit , Tyers Rod
Published: December 2019

Central to global agreement on carbon emissions are strategic interactions amongst regions over abatement policy and the benefits to be shared. These are re-examined in this paper, in which benefits from mitigation stem from a meta-analysis that links carbon concentration with region-specific measures of economic welfare. Implementation costs are then drawn from a highly disaggregated model of global economic performance. Multiplayer games are then constructed, the results from which are sensitive to embodied temperature scenarios and discount rates but robustly reveal that the U.S. and China would be net gainers from unilateral implementation in net present value terms. The dominant strategy for all other countries is to free ride. Net gains to the three large economies are bolstered by universal adoption, which could be induced by affordable side payments. Yet the downside is that net gains to all regions are negative over two decades, rendering commitment to abatement politically difficult.
Rebound Effects for Household Energy Services in the UK
Authors: Chitnis Mona , Fouquet Roger , Sorrell Steve
Published: December 2019

This study estimates the combined direct and indirect rebound effects from energy efficiency improvements in the delivery of six energy services to UK households, namely: heating; lighting; cooking; refrigeration and clothes washing; entertainment and computing; and private vehicle travel. We use a unique database on the price and quantity demanded of these energy services over the past half century.

We estimate a two-stage almost ideal demand system for household expenditure, using these energy services as expenditure categories. We estimate rebound effects in terms of carbon emissions and only include the ‘direct’ emissions associated with energy consumption. Our results suggest direct rebound effects of 70% for heating, 54% for private vehicle travel and ∼90% for the other energy services. However, these effects are offset by negative indirect rebound effects—that is, indirect rebounds contribute additional emission savings. As a result, our estimates of combined rebound effects are generally smaller, namely 54% for lighting, 55% for heating, 41% for refrigeration and clothes washing, -12% for entertainment and computing, 44% for cooking and 69% for vehicle travel. We also find some evidence that rebound effects have declined over time. We provide some important caveats to these results, and indicate priorities for future research.
Relationship between the Organizational Climate
and Occurrences of Workaholism in Enterprises Employing
Knowledge Workers
Authors: Oleksa-Marewska Karolina
Published: December 2019

A competent employee is nowadays a dominant value in enterprises (Juchnowicz,
2010). That is why some enterprises positively perceive employees addicted to work. In
fact, a workaholic is working constantly in a rush, can make mistakes and expresses a high
need to control (Lipka, Waszczak, 2013). Some organizations stimulate workaholism by
shaping the organizational climate. Research was carried out among knowledge workers
(N = 600) and the relationship between the intensity of workaholism and organizational
climate dimensions was analyzed. The climate was assessed using the Polish adaptation
of the Organizational Climate Questionnaire developed by L. Rosenstiel and R. Bögel.
To analyze the level of workaholism the Polish version of the DUWAS-10 developed
by W. Schaufeli and T. Taris was used. The results show the existence of statistically
significant relationships between variables.
Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hypercholesterolemia in patients of gallstone disease undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Singh Kaptan , Dahiya Divya , Kaman Lileswar , Das Ashim
Published: December 2019

Background
Gallstone disease (GSD) and non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has high prevalence in the general population and they share the common risk factors for their occurrence. Limited literature with inconsistent results is available suggesting the potential association between these life style induced diseases. Liver biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosing NAFLD. Aim of this study was (1) to identify the prevalence of asymptomatic NAFLD or NASH in liver biopsy specimen; (2) to identify association of hypercholesterolemia with NAFLD in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).
Methods
This is a prospective observational study conducted on patients who underwent LC for symptomatic gallstones in the Department of General Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh from 1st July 2013 to 31st December 2014. All included patients had ultrasonography (USG); serum triglycerides (TG), cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol. A wedge liver biopsy was obtained from free edge of right liver lobe during LC and all biopsy specimens were analyzed by single pathologist.
Results
Dyslipidemia was present in 49.50% of 101 included patients. There was no association between NAFLD and serum cholesterol, TG or LDL-C (p 0.428, 0.848, 0.371 respectively). NAFLD was confirmed on liver biopsy in 21.8%; but none had fibrosis and cirrhosis on biopsy. There was no complication observed following liver biopsy.
Conclusions
Liver biopsy during LC gives an opportunity to diagnose the disease at an early and reversible stage. It is feasible, safe and cost effective.
Electronically Isolated Measuring Circuit for Multicell Traction Battery Modules Identifying State of Charge (SOC) Values
Authors: Pipiska Michal , Frivaldsky Michal , Danko Matus , Sedo Jozef
Published: December 2019

Paper focuses on the topic related to State of Charge (SOC) estimation of the battery modules. The design issues of the electronic circuit suited for very accurate voltage and current measurement used for evaluation of the SOC parameters of battery module (NexSys 12 V) are presented. The SOC evaluation is not described here, but the principles are based on the open-circuit voltage measurement in combination with the coulomb counting method. Both methods are considered within the practical design of the measuring circuit of traction lead-acid batteries connected in series (3 cells). The circuit proposal is verified by the simulation model and consequently by the experimental measurement. Mutual comparisons are done for each battery within the module. The results show a very high accuracy between the simulation and measurement, while the relative tolerance varies from - 7 % to 1 % within wide measuring ranges.
Research on Big Data Mining Technology of Electric Vehicle Charging Behaviour
Authors: Liu Yujun , Hong Yi , Hu Cheng
Published: December 2019

Thousands of electric vehicles (EV), which are large in number and flexible in their use of electricity, will be connected to the power system in the near future, which will bring more uncertainty to the power system. Therefore, it is necessary to study the general characteristics of EV charging behaviours. In the charging process, big data regarding charging behaviour of EVs are generated. This paper proposes a big data mining technique based on Random Forest and Principle Component Analysis for EV charging behaviour to identify and analyse clusters with different charging characteristics from the big data. This paper uses Dundee’s January 2018 EV charging data to conduct experiments, and obtains the charging behaviour clusters of the workdays, weekends, and holidays of January. The superiority of the random forest algorithm in the EV clustering problem is reflected when compared to the Euclidean distance method. The clusters obtained by the random forest algorithm have clearer characteristics, including the user’s charging method and travel behaviour. The results show that the charging behaviour of EVs has certain regularity, and the charging load has obvious peak-to-valley difference that is necessary to be regulated.
Interne Untersuchungen und Informationsaustausch
Authors: Klaas Arne
Published: December 2019

The major advantages of conducting internal investigations only come to light when the results can be disclosed to third parties. At the interface of data protection and criminal procedure law, the work explores how the group-internal transfer of the outcome and the cooperative disclosure to German and US authorities can be justified. The emphasis is placed on the suspect employee. Due to less strict investigation regulations under private law, the information transfer to authorities carries a potential risk of undermining his position as a suspect according to criminal procedure law. The contribution discusses if the new data protection law can adjust the structural imbalances and if it leads to a fairer approach to conducting internal investigations. Besides the highly relevant impact of disclosure orders from US authorities and Art. 48 DS-GVO as a “blocking statute”, the work also analyses the exclusion of gained evidence under criminal procedure law.
Entwicklung des gesetzlichen sozialen Grundaltersversicherungssystems in der Volksrepublik China
Authors: Jin Yuxi
Published: December 2019

The first Chinese Social Security Law of 2011 states that the state should set up a social security system that is based on the legal guideline of sustainability. In this study, the author discusses a question which is still unresolved in China: What is the role of this principle of ‘sustainability’, which is hardly substantiated by legislators, as a legal concept in the pension scheme system?
This book deals with the theoretical analysis of the concept of sustainability and its development on the basis of the existing legal framework, the practical interpretation and implementation of the sustainability concept as an objective in the field of pension schemes, an analysis of the dogmatic functions of the sustainability concept within the framework of China’s law on pensions, and the developments and problems in the Chinese pension scheme system and their possible solutions, while also considering the various influences on that system.
Diarios creativos: el dibujar como germen del aprendizaje productivo
Authors: Salgado de la Rosa Maria Asunción
Published: December 2019

Buscando incentivar el aprendizaje creativo aplicado a la docencia de las asignaturas de Dibujo Análisis e Ideación 1 y 2 de la titulación de grado en fundamentos de la arquitectura de la UPM, se decidió introducir una herramienta de trabajo autónomo que completara la docencia impartida en clase: la elaboración de un diario gráfico. A priori, las ventajas de esta herramienta ya habían sido demostradas tanto por otras iniciativas docentes como por profesionales del diseño y la arquitectura, que lo definen como un espacio de libertad y experimentación. Este texto, define la experiencia de la incorporación de esta práctica docente a lo largo de seis cursos, dejando constancia de sus resultados para la construcción de un pensamiento creativo.

As part of a plan to implement the creative learning, we introduced the development of a graphic diary by the students of the subjects “Drawing, analysis and ideation” 1 and 2 (belonging to the Bachelor’s Degree in Architecture, UPM). This diary was used as an external tool of autonomous work that would complement the class teaching. A priori, the advantages of this tool had already been tested by previous teaching experiences and professionals related with design and architecture. They define it as a space of freedom and experimentation. This text explains the experience of the incorporation of this teaching practice over the course of six semesters, recording the results to allow the construction of a creative thinking.
Comportamiento térmico en edificios utilizando un Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas
Authors: Serrano-Jiménez Antonio , Barrios-Padura Ángela
Published: December 2019

Esta comunicación presenta una experiencia de innovación docente desarrollada en un grupo de 37 alumnos en la asignatura “Construcción 1”, perteneciente al primer curso del grado de “Fundamentos de la Arquitectura” de la Universidad de Sevilla. El ciclo de mejora pretende promover un aprendizaje efectivo de los conceptos fundamentales del acondicionamiento térmico en la edificación, permitiendo razonar y decidir sobre las cuestiones de diseño que influyan en una mayor eficiencia energética y confort interior utilizando un método de Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas (ABP), estructurado en varias sesiones teórico-prácticas, que resuelve cuestiones de casos prácticos y fomentan una participación activa, con debates y razonamientos en el aula. La propuesta metodológica contribuye con la incorporación de mapas de contenidos y herramientas de evaluación, a través de escaleras de aprendizaje, que valoran positivamente el aprendizaje adquirido con el modelo didáctico, según los resultados obtenidos, y su utilidad para el resto de asignaturas.

This manuscript presents a teaching innovation experience developed in a group of 37 students in the “Construction 1” subject, belonging to the first course of the “Fundamentals of Architecture” degree at the University of Seville. The improvement cycle aims to promote effective learning of the main concepts of thermal conditioning in buildings, allowing reasoning and deciding on design issues that conduct to a greater energy efficiency and interior comfort through a problem-based learning method (PBL), structured in several theoretical-practical sessions, which solve practical cases and encourage active participation, with debates and reasoning reflections in the classroom. The methodological proposal contributes with the incorporation of content maps and evaluation tools, through learning ladders, which have positively assessed the impact on learning of this didactic model, according to the results obtained, and its usefulness for the rest of the subjects.
Sistemas universitarios: ¿Soporte o corsé para la enseñanza de la arquitectura?
Authors: Fuentealba Quilodrán Jessica Solange , Barrientos Díaz Macarena Paz , Goycoolea Prado Roberto , Araneda Gutiérrez Claudio Rodrigo
Published: December 2019

Síntesis de las conclusiones de una investigación sobre el impacto de los sistemas universitarios públicos (raíz europea) y neoliberales (raíz norteamericana) en las escuelas y enseñanza de la arquitectura de España y Chile, ejemplos singulares de cada modelo, con el fin de averiguar si el marco institucional en que se forma a los arquitectos es un soporte o un corsé académico: un instrumento que fomenta la innovación disciplinar o un lastre que lleva a la repetición de rutinas asentadas e impide adecuarse a las nuevas áreas y requerimientos profesionales. El estudio se basó en entrevistas a profesores y directores de escuelas: 24 españoles y 20 chilenos. Los resultados muestran impactos importantes en cuatros aspectos claves: Características de las escuelas, Definición de los perfiles de estudiantes y profesores y Redacción de planes de estudio.    

Synthesis of the research conclusions on the impact of two university systems: public (European root) and neoliberal (North American root) in the architecture education of Spain and Chile, singular examples of each model. In order to find out if the institutional frame in which architects are formed is a support or an academic corset: an instrument that encourages disciplinary innovation or a ballast that leads to the repetition of established routines, and prevents actualization to new professional requests. The study was based on interviews with teachers and school principals: 24 Spanish and 20 Chileans. The results shows significant impacts on four key aspects: School characteristics, Definition of student and teacher profiles, and Curricula definitions.
Las ciudades y la memoria. Mecanismos de experimentación plástica en paisajes patrimoniales
Authors: Rodríguez Fernández Carlos , Fernández Raga Sagrario , Ramón-Cueto Gemma
Published: December 2019

El patrimonio se construye como una memoria colectiva, un palimpsesto de memorias arquitectónicas, pictóricas, poéticas, paisajísticas, plásticas, de la memoria del propio lugar y de las memorias sedimentadas del espectador, pero también de las memorias de los alumnos que investigan y experimentan por sí mismos. En las ciudades invisibles, Italo Calvino construye 55 paisajes urbanos que juegan con la materia, los tiempos y las formas, y que son tomados como arquetipos que se proyectan en una serie de paisajes reales. La metodología operativa del taller hace uso de un recurso literario, el cadavre exquis de los surrealistas franceses, una narración secuenciada convertida en mecanismo plástico, que sustituye los textos por fragmentos del paisaje que componen al final una gran maqueta. Tomando como base esta metodología experimental, se han realizado una serie de talleres a lo largo de estos años, con la participación de profesores y estudiantes de distintos niveles educativos. 

The heritage is built as a collective memory, a palimpsest of architectural, pictorial, poetic, landscape, plastic memories, of the memory of the place itself and of the sedimentary memories of the viewer, but also of the memories of the students who investigate and experiment for themselves. In The invisible cities, Italo Calvino builds 55 urban landscapes that play with matter, times and forms, and are taken as archetypes that are projected in a series of real landscapes. The workshop operational methodology makes use of a literary resource, the cadavre exquis of the French surrealists, a sequenced narrative turned into a plastic mechanism, which replaces the texts with fragments of the landscape that ultimately make up a large model. Based on this experimental methodology, a series of workshops have been carried out during these years, with the participation of teachers and students of different educational levels.
Design Through Play: The Archispiel Experience
Authors: Elvira Peña Juan , Paez Roger
Published: December 2019

Este artículo estudia las implicaciones y potencialidades de las prácticas lúdicas y los formatos de juego, entendidos como herramientas docentes innovadoras en arquitectura, urbanismo y, en general, el diseño. Hace una breve introducción a los pioneros de los juegos serios y el estado del arte en lo que diversos autores denominan 'el juego como metodología de diseño". A continuación, presenta Archispiel, un formato de proyecto que emplea el juego como metodología fundamental. Diseñado por los autores en 2015, fue empleado por primera vez en el contexto docente en el taller Magaluf Reset. Basado en juegos de estrategia y juegos de guerra tradicionales diseñados a partir de los años 50 del siglo pasado, combina la negociación estratégica con el uso del azar para producir efectos inesperados en el transcurso del juego. Por lo tanto, más que proporcionar respuestas a un estado de la cuestión previamente establecido, sus resultados son de manera literal el resultado de una lógica de diseño especulativa y abierta. La experiencia descrita muestra el modo en que el diseño fundamentado en el juego ofrece una amplia gama de posibilidades de exploración fuera de las posibilidades de las prácticas de proyecto tradicionales.

This paper focuses on the implications and potentialities of playful practices and game formats as innovative teaching methods in architecture, urban planning and, more generally, design. It provides a very brief account of serious games pioneers and the current state of the art of what the authors call ‘design through play’. It then presents one game-based format, Archispiel, designed by the authors in 2015, along with a case study of its use in a classroom context, Magaluf Reset. The exercise, drawing on traditional war games and diplomacy games designed from the 1950s onwards, combines strategic negotiation with the use of chance to produce unexpected effects. Consequently, rather than solutions answering to a predefined brief, the results are quite literally the outcome of an exploratory and open-ended design logic. The experience shows how design through play offers a rich array of explorative possibilities not afforded by conventional design practices.
Mi taller es el barrio
Authors: Durán Calisto Ana María , Van Sluys Christine
Published: December 2019

Mi taller es el barrio propone ubicar el epicentro de la enseñanza en Solanda, un complejo barrio popular de vivienda incremental en Quito. Son varias las estrategias pedagógicas aplicadas en nuestra interrelación con la comunidad. Desde el diseño, hemos hecho uso de herramientas tradicionales (diagnóstico técnico y mapeo sensorial) y otras menos concurrentes: urbanismos tácticos, incluido el despliegue del taller-galería cuya flexibilidad nos permite trabajar colectivamente y exponer lo producido en diversos espacios barriales. Las complejas circunstancias del barrios nos han obligado a expandir nuestras prácticas a métodos pluridisciplinares que nos permitan responder a necesidades relacionadas con reforzamiento estructural, levantamiento de datos y catastro comunitarios (KoBo Toolbox), y eventos organizados bajo el título “El barrio se toma la universidad” que buscan revertir la lógica de la experticia y presentar al barrio como el principal conocedor de sus circunstancias y necesidades, como agente crítico en la proyección urbana del futuro colectivo.

“The Neighborhood is my Studio” proposes to locate the epicenter of architectural education in Solanda, a popular neighborhood in Quito. We have experimented with several pedagogical methodologies in order to develop participatory urban and architectural design with and for the neighborhood. Some are traditional -diagnosis, sensory mapping, palimpsest-, others less so: tactical urbanisms, collective data gathering, or an urban gallery-workshop that allows us to transport the studio into public and communal spaces. The complex circumstances of the neighborhood have expanded our methods beyond our discipline into the realms of structural reinforcement, collective data gathering and cadaster build up (using KoBo Toolbox), urban commons mapping, and community event organizing. The series “The neighborhood takes over the university” attempted to revert the logic of what is traditionally considered expertise and present neighbors as the most knowledgeable actors regarding their needs, circumstances, and future expectations/imaginaries.
Enseñando a ser arquitecto/a. Iniciación al aprendizaje del proyecto arquitectónico
Authors: Alba Dorado María Isabel
Published: December 2019

El inicio del aprendizaje del proyecto arquitectónico es, posiblemente, uno de los comienzos más memorables que cualquier arquitecto/a puede emprender en su formación. Constituye el punto de partida de una actividad que le acompañará a lo largo de su trayectoria profesional. Un aprendizaje que, en estos primeros años de su despertar a la creación arquitectónica, se vuelve emocionante e intenso. Esta comunicación tiene como objetivo definir una serie de aproximaciones en la docencia del proyecto arquitectónico que, centradas en el reconocimieno del alumno/a en los estadios iniciales de su formación como arquitecto/a, apoye su iniciación en el aprendizaje en el proceso de proyectación a través del establecimiento de una serie de estrategias formativas que ofrezcan un progreso de la enseñanza del proyecto arquitectónico basadas en una enseñanza formativa, volcadas en desarrollar actitudes y habilidades personales que fomenten un pensamiento creativo y que impulsen una capacidad de crítica, análisis y reflexión.

The beginning of the learning of the architectural project is possibly one of the most memorable beginnings that any architect can undertake in his training. It is the starting point of an activity that will accompany you throughout your career. A learning that, in these early years of waking up to architectural creation, becomes exciting and intense. This paper aims to define a series of approaches in the teaching of the architectural project that, centered on the recognition of the student in the initial stages of his training as an architect, support his initiation in learning in the process of projecting through the establishment of a series of training strategies that offer a progress in the teaching of the architectural project based on a formative teaching, focused on developing personal attitudes and skills that foster creative thinking and that foster a capacity for criticism, analysis and reflection.