bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Kepuasan Pelanggan Batik Benang Bintik di Kota Palangka Raya
Authors: Wenny Indriastuti  , Meitiana  , Bambang Mantikei
Published: May 2021

This research aims to determine the level of customer satisfaction of Batik Benang Bintik in Palangka Raya. This re-search is a quantitative research with field survey techniques. The subjects of the research are 75 customers of Batik Benang Bintik in Palangka Raya with different age and backgrounds. The data were collected through interview and questionnaire instrument which is consist of 15 questions that have previously tested for its validity and reliability. The costumers’ satisfaction were analysed in term of costumer service, promotion, price and shop location in the city. We do hope this research may provide insight to business owner and local government in their effort to enhace the poten-tial market of Batik Benang Bintik, especially in Palangka Raya city.
Pengaruh kompetensi, lingkungan kerja dan motivasi terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Puskesmas Kecamatan Tanah Siang
Authors: Apridani Apridani , Bambang Mantikei  , Achmad Syamsudin
Published: May 2021

Kesehatan adalah hak asasi manusia dan sekaligus merupakan investasi untuk mencapai keberhasilan pembangunan bangsa. Puskesmas Konut merupakan instansi yang bertanggung jawab atas pembangunan kesehatan di wilayah kerjanya di Kecamatan Tanah Siang. Agar kinerjanya dapat optimal, menurut Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Puruk Cahu maka Puskesmas Konut harus memiilki sejumlah perawat yang memadai dan sesuai standar serta memiliki kinerja yang baik. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengukur dan menganalisis pengaruh kompetensi, lingkungan kerja, dan motivasi terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Puskesmas Terakreditasi di Konut Kecamatan Tanah Siang Kabupaten Murung Raya. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 41 responden yang merupakan pegawai di Puskesmas Terakreditasi Kecamatan Tanah Siang Kabupaten Murung Raya. Sumber data berupa primer dan sekunder yang dikumpulkan dengan cara observasi, studi kepustakaan (dokumentasi), dan penyebaran kuesioner. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode SEM (structure equation model) berbasis PLS (partial least square). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kompetensi (X1) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja (Y) (P-Value 0,001< 0,05), lingkungan kerja (X2) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja (Y) (P-Value 0,026 < 0,05), dan motivasi (X3) memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kinerja (Y) (P-Value 0,000 < 0,05).
Persepsi masyarakat terhadap aktivitas pembuatan sekat kanal di kawasan Taman Nasional Sebangau Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah
Authors: Hendro Sopha  , Wahyudi Wahyudi , Fengky F. Adji
Published: May 2021

Taman Nasional Sebangau (TNS) merupakan salah satu taman nasional yang terdapat di Kalimantan Tengah dan merupakan lahan rawa gambut yang berfungsi sebagai kawasan konservasi. Sekat kanal merupakan salah satu program pemerintah yang bertujuan untuk memulihkan ekosistem rawa gambut yang telah rusak akibat kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi masyarakat terhadap aktivitas pembuatan sekat kanal aspek ekologi lingkungan, sosial ekonomi dan tingkat capaian program restorasi gambut serta mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi persepsi masyarakat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian survei dengan teknik penentuan sampel menggunakan sistem acak. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu sebanyak 100 orang responden. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu menggunakan kuisioner dan observasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persepsi masyarakat pada kategori sangat tinggi pada semua aspek yaitu sebesar 80,09% (aspek sosial ekonomi); 81,10% (aspek ekologi lingkungan); dan 80,17% (aspek tingkat capaian program). Berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi berganda menunjukkan bahwa variabel penelitian berpengaruh secara semultan terhadap persepsi masyarakat dengan nilai F hitung sebesar 6.571 (aspek sosial ekonomi); 6.431 (aspek ekologi lingkungan); dan 4.564 (aspek tingkat capaian program). Adapun faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi persepsi masyarakat yaitu faktor pendidikan, pendapatn, kepemilikan lahan dan pengetahuan.
Development Of The Saving Factor In The Agriculture Of Uzbekistan
Authors:   Associate Professor, Fergana State University, Fergana, Uzbekistan, Kholmatov Bakhtiyor Abdumutalovich
Published: May 2021

In article worked out the scientific suggestions and practical recommendations directed to effective use of economic resources and improvement of the functioning mechanism of thrifty in the terms of deepening market reforms.
Purchaser Attributes And Their Impact On Tolerating Internet Shopping, With Regards To Various Item Types
Authors:   Department Of Business Administration, School Of Business And Economics, Kavala Institute Of Technology Agios Loukas, Greece, Sarigiannidis Dimitrios
Published: May 2021

Web based shopping is among the most famous exercises of the web, yet the reasons why buyers purchase online are as yet hazy. In spite of the fact that it is inferred that purchaser acknowledgment of web based shopping is influenced by various items very few examinations have embraced this view. This examination endeavors to analyze buyers' disposition when making on the web buys with regards to various item types. A hypothetical system is proposed dependent on the determinants of buyer conduct and client acknowledgment of internet shopping, just as online item grouping. The elements that were chosen to be tried are Close to home Ingenuity of Data Innovation, Self-adequacy, Seen security, Protection, Item association and how they influence shopper demeanor towards internet shopping. Connection examination, from the outset, to decide the connections among the factors and relapse investigation a short time later to confirm the degree of the variable cooperation were utilized to test the theories. In view of the previously mentioned investigations, results were attracted and contrasted with the outcomes found by Lian and Lin in a comparative report. It has been discovered that PIIT, saw security and item association affect the demeanor towards web based shopping, yet the outcomes fluctuate among the diverse item types.
Analysis And Optimization Of Product Costs And Expenses In Enterprises
Authors:   Candidate Of Economi c Sciences, Associate Professor Department Of “Econom ics And Real  Estate Management”  Tashkent Institute Of Architecture And Construction , Uzbekistan, Artikov Nodirjon Yakubdjanovich , Kurbanbayev Shavkat Jabborberganovich ,   1 - Course Master Student  Department Of “Economics And Real Estate Management” Tashkent Institute Of Architecture And Construction , Uzbekistan
Published: May 2021

This article discusses the analysis and optimization of product costs and expenses in enterprises. Manufacturing companies and their financial statements is the subject of this article. The subject of this article is to determine the cost of production in this industrial enterprise, its current state and ways to further reduce it. And this article also aims to identify ways to reduce the cost of production in industrial enterprises in the context of modernization of the economy and to develop scientific conclusions and recommendations.
Light Industry Enterprises In Marketing Activities Experience Of Foreign Countries In The Use Of Cluster Theory
Authors:   Lecturer Fergana State University, Republic Of Uzbekistan, Fergana, Zokirova Sanoat Хоmdamovna , Ahmedova Dilfuza ,   Lecturer Fergana State University, Republic Of Uzbekistan, Fergana, Akbarov Rakhmatillo Fayzullaevich ,   Lecturer Fergana State University, Republic Of Uzbekistan, Fergana, Xonkeldiyeva Komila Ravshanovna ,   Lecturer Fergana State University, Republic Of Uzbekistan, Fergana
Published: May 2021

Light industry is an important sector of the economy in Uzbekistan, and its market has a unique marketing environment. There are about 10,000 large and small enterprises, as well as more than 400 joint ventures in the textile, spinning, sewing, knitting, footwear and silk industries. The network employs 150,000 people.
New Phase Of Reforms In The Sphere Of Judiciary In Uzbekistan
Authors:   Associate Professor, Doctor Of Science In Law, Secretary Of The Academic Council Of The Academy Of The Ministry Of Internal Affairs, Uzbekistan, Anvarovich Saidov Bakhrom
Published: May 2021

This article analyzes the phases of reforms in the sphere of judiciary in periodical order, the significance of the resolutions and decrees adopted at the new stage of reform and the initial results are highlighted.
Types Of Involvement Of Minors In Antisocial Behavior And The Level Of Their Social Danger
Authors:   Independent Researcher At The Military Technical Institute Of The National Guard Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan, Uktamovna Ashurova Nilufar
Published: May 2021

This article is aimed at strengthening the protection of the rights and freedoms of minors. Particular attention is paid to the study of the trend of adequate criminal protection of the rights and legitimate interests of minors as an object of crime in the world, scientific analysis to improve the mechanisms for ensuring reliable protection of the rights and legitimate interests of minors in achieving socio-economic stability. In particular, the rights of minors to justice are not fully guaranteed, the issues of improving the legal status of minors in penitentiary institutions are not fully understood, the rights of minors in conflict situations, as well as the socio-economic and political rights of minors, are not fully guaranteed. It is important to examine the implementation of international standards on minors into national legislation. The purpose of the article is to improve the criminal responsibility for involving a minor in antisocial behavior, to identify the causes of this type of crime and to develop specific proposals and recommendations for their elimination.
Implementation Of Corruption Prevention Measures In The Private Sector Of Uzbekistan
Authors:   Doctor Of Law The Academy Of The General Prosecutor’s Office Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan, Ismailov Bakhodir
Published: May 2021

The article examines the experience of Uzbekistan in preventing corruption in the private sector. It is determined that the negative factors of the spread of corruption among companies leads to a decrease in the competitiveness of the national economy, the quality of public administration, undermines the foundations of free competition, creates threats to the political stability and security of the country. With the spread of corruption, the business climate and the quality of corporate governance deteriorate, the reputation of companies is undermined, and their investment attractiveness decreases. In the markets of goods, works, services, negative selection is taking place, monopoly and protectionism are increasing. It was revealed that corruption in the private sector devalues democratic values, contributes to the spread of legal nihilism, permissiveness, money-grubbing, impunity, etc., causing significant harm to the interests of both society and the state, and the rights of citizens. The thesis is substantiated that the most effective means of preventing corruption in the private sector is the introduction of anti-corruption compliance systems and the corresponding methods of their certification into its subjects. Based on the methods of a comparative study, measures have been identified to introduce anti-corruption compliance in business structures, as well as business entities with state participation. It is determined that international universal, regional and special standards (UN, OECD, GRECO, ISO, etc.) have a significant impact on the development of national legislation and practice of law enforcement in this area. The thesis about the need to improve the legal foundations of the anti-corruption compliance system, the need to introduce institutions of responsibility of legal entities in Uzbekistan, prevent illegal lobbying activities, etc.
Inheritance Rights Of Spouses In Case Of Factual (De Facto) Termination Of Marriage
Authors:   PhD Student Of Tashkent State University Of Law, Uzbekistan, Matnazarova Yusupova Oysha
Published: May 2021

Nowadays, tendencies of marriage and family relations in many foreign countries show that factual family relationships are also obtaining great importance along with official marriage between spouses. This fact, in consequence, is influencing on the couple’s rights to inherit. Rapid interstate integration and globalization make it necessary to improve the institute of spouses’ inheritance within inheritance law, that is characterized as a conservative sphere of law. The aim of this research is to improve existing inheritance legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan by defining the criteria for declaring factual
Peculiarities Of Forming Professional Ethics Of Judges In The Republic Of Uzbekistan
Authors:   Assistant Prof. PhD, The Supreme Court Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan On Board Supreme School Of Judges Head Of The Department Of “Professional Skills”, Uzbekistan, Kurbonov Nurali
Published: May 2021

The article illustrates scientific disciplines and analytical views on the specifics of the development of professional ethics of judges, a new model of compliance with the principles of ethics of judges, the specifics of the independence of judges.
Difficulties In Teaching Law Students Listening Comprehension In English Language Teaching
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Foreign Languages Department Tashkent State University Of Law, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Shamsitdinova Manzura
Published: May 2021

This article discusses the challenges of teaching English listening comprehension to law students and how to overcome them. Law students face some language challenges due to the nature of the English language. That is, students in the early stages of learning are the first to experience the ability to listen and understand. Therefore, it is worth considering the learning difficulties that may arise from the nature of the English language in terms of listening skills. In this article, we want to look at the most common, basic difficulties in listening to and understanding English speech. Although getting acquainted with the difficulties of listening to a speech can increase your preparedness for the confusion and misunderstandings that can occur in the learning process, we would like to draw your attention to the following difficulties mentioned by most law students.
Ensuring The Presumption Of Innocence By Respecting The Suspect’s Rights
Authors:   Teacher At Tashkent State University Of Law, Uzbekistan, Tuyiyevich Mavlanov Kamoliddin
Published: May 2021

The article studies into reassessment of the status of a suspect and his rights in criminal process, provision of the rights of suspects in developed countries, the presumption of innocence and its importance in ensuring rights and legal interests of suspect.
Elements Of Missionary Activities Strategy: Mechanisms And Norms Of Their Practical Implementation
Authors:   Senior Teacher, Tashkent State University Of Law Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Naimovna Oblomuradova Khabiba
Published: May 2021

We know that each period has its own characteristics, principles of development, the XXI century was the century of the peak of cultural, spiritual, scientific, technical integration. Along with this, we had to face certain difficulties and unsolved tasks in these areas, and this has its objective, subjective reason. It should be noted that today it has become mandatory to be on the alert to possible threats, the separation of true religious values from fake and directly scientifically justify the educational and religious culture and worldview of human from a philosophical point of view. The article analyzes the the history of missionary activity, its ideological foundations and modern forms. The purpose of the study is to reveal with examples extensive information about the goals, the methods and tools used by the centers and organizations involved in these activities. The article also explains the legal basis for preventing missionary movements, the role and importance of religious education and tolerance in ensuring stability and prosperity of society.
Development Of The Legislative System Of Non-State Pension Provision In The Republic Of Uzbekistan
Authors:   Deputy Chairman Of The State Committee Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan On Statistics, PhD In Law, Uzbekistan, Ziyadullaev Makhmudjon Djurakulovich
Published: May 2021

This article highlights the world experience of developed countries in non-state pension provision, also the way of development of the legislative system of non-state pension provision, forms and methods of organizing and implementing of pension provision in the Republic of Uzbekistan. As well as the essence of new forms and means of social protection of the population and given suggestions for improving legislative system of pension provision.
The Improvement Of Exploiting Public Assistance In Investigator`S Crime Prevention Activities
Authors:   Academy Of The MIA Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan, Akramovna Khushvaktova Nodira
Published: May 2021

The article canvasses the role and importance of public participation in investigator`s crime prevention activities, and the proposals for exploiting the general public in these activities are developed. Moreover, it clarifies the role of the citizen in preventing or disclosuring the crime, and its importance in pre-trial proceedings, the system of encouraging on the basis of the investigator`s recommendation for his/her superior consciousness, courage, exemplary performance of social duty is thoroughly analyzed.
Strong Emotional Arousal (Effect) As A Criminal Law Norm
Authors:   Doctor Of Law, Acting Professor Of The Department Of Criminal Law, Criminology And Anti-Corruption, Tashkent State University Of Law, Uzbekistan, Saparovna Niyozova Salomat
Published: May 2021

This scientific article will address strong emotional arousal as the norm in criminal law. It also analyzes the views and opinions of scholars in this regard and provides relevant recommendations for improving the theory of criminal law.
International Civil Society Initiatives In The Fight Against Corruption And Their Demands
Authors:   Doctoral Student Of The Prosecutor General’s Academy Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan, Yaxshibayevna Mukhammadieva Mohinur
Published: May 2021

The article provides an overview of the literature on corruption relations in civil society, and then - the relationship between public administration, institutions and civil society. The study examined cooperation with civil society in the fight against corruption and its solution, as well as its eradication at the national and international levels, as well as the activities of international organizations in the fight against corruption, their objectives and goals. A comprehensive analysis of the international legal framework of civil society in the fight against corruption, the specifics of international legal regulation based on universal mechanisms, legal regulation of regional structures, as well as the level of interaction and powers of international NGOs in the fight against corruption was carried out.
Processing cataphors: Active antecedent search is persistent
Authors: Giskes Anna , Kush Dave
Published: May 2021

Cataphors precede their antecedents, so they cannot be fully interpreted until those antecedents are encountered. Some researchers propose that cataphors trigger an active search during incremental processing in which the parser predictively posits potential antecedents in upcoming syntactic positions (Kazanina et al., Journal of Memory and Language, 56[3], 384–409, 2007). One characteristic of active search is that it is persistent: If a prediction is disconfirmed in an earlier position, the parser should iteratively search later positions until the predicted element is found. Previous research has assumed, but not established, that antecedent search is persistent. In four experiments in English and Norwegian, we test this hypothesis. Two sentence completion experiments show a strong off-line preference for coreference between a fronted cataphor and the first available argument position (the main subject). When the main subject cannot be the antecedent, participants posit the antecedent in the next closest position: object position. Two self-paced reading studies demonstrate that comprehenders actively expect the antecedent of a fronted cataphor to appear in the main clause subject position, and then successively in object position if the subject does not match the cataphor in gender. Our results therefore support the claim that antecedent search is active and persistent.
Vegetation of alpine screes on Bjelašnica Mt. — syntaxonomy and ecology
Authors: Trakić Sabina , Bakić Velida , Đug Samir
Published: May 2021

We analised vegetation of calcareous screes in the alpine belt of Bjelašnica Mt. (Western Balkan) by the Central European phytosociological method. In total, 69 relevés were submitted to numerical analysis in R ver. 3.5.2. (UPGMA clustering with chord distance). The obtained cluster dendrogram showed differentiation in nine associations, of which Festuco xanthinae—Valerianetum montanae Trakić et al. ass. nov. and Drypido spinosae—Seslerietum wettsteinii Trakić et al. ass. nov. are new ones. In lower section of the alpine belt we described new subassociation Pseudofumarietum leiospermae helictochloetosum Trakić et al. subass. nov. which raises questions about ecological preferences of the alliance Corydalion ochroleucae. We also neotypified the association Drypidi—Heracleetum orsinii Redžić et al. ex Trakić et al. and made correction for Pseudofumarietum leiospermae Lakušić et Redžić 1991 nom. corr. The observed high diversification of the alpine screes on Bjelašnica Mt. is based upon its ecological heterogeneity and tranzitional position in the Dinarides.
Resiliencia y funcionalidad psicosocial en adictos institucionalizados
Authors: Campoverde-Pesantez Ximena , Viñanzaca-López Juan Pablo , Parra-Lupercio María José , Reivan-Ortiz Geovanny Genaro , Ramírez-Coronel Andrés Alexis
Published: May 2021

El consumo de drogas, constituye un problema de salud pública, debido a la serie de repercusiones que genera en la calidad de vida del sujeto. Este estudio cumplió con el propósito de establecer la asociación existente entre los niveles de funcionalidad psicosocial, resiliencia y consumo de Sustancias Psicoactivas (SPA) en personas consumidoras internas en los Centros de Tratamiento Especializado a personas con consumo problemático de alcohol y otras drogas (CETAD) del cantón Paute. Se utilizó un diseño descriptivo, prospectivo, de tipo transversal y no experimental, con enfoque cuantitativo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 62 personas en edades entre los 18 y 64 años, internas en dos CETAD; se utilizaron como instrumentos la prueba de detección de consumo de alcohol, tabaco y sustancias (ASSIT), Cuestionario para la Evaluación de discapacidad (WHODAS 2.0) y la   Escala de Resiliencia (ER-14). Los resultados reflejan que el total de la muestra consume alcohol, situándola como la droga de mayor prevalencia; el 62,9% evidenció deficiencia ligera en su funcionalidad; la mayoría de ellos, evidenció resiliencia entre alta y muy alta y una relación significativa entre funcionalidad psicosocial y resiliencia (p=0,001). Se concluyó que el tabaco y el alcohol son las sustancias de mayor prevalencia, la mayor parte de ellos presentan una alta resiliencia, se observa que no existe relación significativa entre las mismas, salvo entre funcionalidad psicosocial y resiliencia.
O Que esperar da membresia na OCDE?
Authors: Baumann Renato Nunes
Published: May 2021

Em 2017, o Brasil apresentou formalmente candidatura a se tornar membro pleno da Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE) a partir da percepção de que a organização é associada com um selo de qualidade que poderá facilitar a captação de recursos externos a custos mais baixos, assim como induzir a adoção de melhores práticas. Neste artigo são avaliados dados relativos aos períodos que antecederam e sucederam a acessão de países-membros com renda per capita mais próxima à brasileira. Uma vez tornadas membros plenos da OCDE, as economias consideradas tornaram-se mais abertas ao comércio exterior, conseguiram atrair mais investimentos externos diretos, houve aumento da formação bruta de capital fixo (FBCF) de capital fixo e aceleração do ritmo de crescimento do produto, com alguma indicação de redução do custo dos recursos no mercado interno. Não foi possível identificar melhoras no nível de consumo final.
What can Brazil expect from joining the OECD?
Authors: Canuto Otaviano , Santos Tiago Ribeiro dos
Published: May 2021

Brazil can expect significant benefits from joining the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The organization has shown to effectively promote better policies and institutions among its members countries, with significant positive effects. Considering the evidence that institutions are behind a large share of long-term increases in welfare standards, the benefits of membership go well beyond the modest costs involved in participating in the organization. Among the studied benefits are increases in trade – which are larger than those due to other international organizations such as the World Trade Organization (WTO) or the International Monetary Fund (IMF) –, increases in foreign direct investment, improvements in education, and better results in governance. Risks are small compared to potential benefits. We estimate the benefits by benchmarking against an estimate of the benefits of acceding to an institution with similar goals and policies – the European Union (EU) – and find them to be very large.
A Adesão à OCDE: "muito barulho por nada?"
Authors: Braga Carlos Alberto Primo
Published: May 2021

A candidatura brasileira com o intuito de se tornar membro da Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE) gera uma série de perguntas sobre as implicações desse processo para a economia brasileira e a estratégia do país para a integração econômica. Aqueles que apoiam a adesão argumentam que isso ajudará na adoção das melhores práticas em termos de governança e políticas regulatórias. A expectativa é que ela promova a liberalização do comércio, atraia investimentos estrangeiros diretos e tenha um impacto positivo sobre a produtividade. Este artigo alega que, embora a adesão possa ter impactos líquidos positivos para o Brasil, não se deve subestimar as dificuldades inerentes a esse processo, nem superestimar o potencial de transformação estrutural associado à adesão à OCDE.
El Camino de Colombia a la OCDE: por qué, para qué y cómo se hizo
Authors: Arango Catalina Crane
Published: May 2021

El ingreso de Brasil en la Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE) demuestra que se ha dado un paso importante en América Latina para fortalecer los principios de esta organización y las prácticas de cooperación regional. Con el fin de ofrecer algunas percepciones sobre el proceso de acceso, el presente artículo objetiva compartir la experiencia colombiana para entrada a la organización. Para tal, presentaremos una síntesis cronológica del proceso abracando los cambios en las directrices de política exterior del gobierno de Juan Manuel Santos, las principales reformas realizadas, así como los temas sensibles. El artículo concluye que la entrada de Colombia a la OCDE es muy reciente para medir los impactos en temas como la apertura internacional, la inversión doméstica y extranjera, acceso a mercados y crecimiento económico. No obstante, vale resaltar que la decisión de ingresar a la organización refleja la voluntad de avanzar en las políticas públicas relacionadas a estos temas y de tornarlas más transparentes y sujetas al escrutinio internacional.
Real-time Likelihood-free Inference of Roman Binary Microlensing Events with Amortized Neural Posterior Estimation
Authors: Zhang 张 Keming 可名 , Bloom Joshua S. , Gaudi B. Scott , Lanusse François , Lam Casey , Lu Jessica R.
Published: May 2021

Fast and automated inference of binary-lens, single-source (2L1S) microlensing events with sampling-based Bayesian algorithms (e.g., Markov Chain Monte Carlo, MCMC) is challenged on two fronts: the high computational cost of likelihood evaluations with microlensing simulation codes, and a pathological parameter space where the negative-log-likelihood surface can contain a multitude of local minima that are narrow and deep. Analysis of 2L1S events usually involves grid searches over some parameters to locate approximate solutions as a prerequisite to posterior sampling, an expensive process that often requires human-in-the-loop domain expertise. As the next-generation, space-based microlensing survey with the Roman Space Telescope is expected to yield thousands of binary microlensing events, a new fast and automated method is desirable. Here, we present a likelihood-free inference approach named amortized neural posterior estimation, where a neural density estimator (NDE) learns a surrogate posterior

as an observation-parameterized conditional probability distribution, from pre-computed simulations over the full prior space. Trained on 291,012 simulated Roman-like 2L1S simulations, the NDE produces accurate and precise posteriors within seconds for any observation within the prior support without requiring a domain expert in the loop, thus allowing for real-time and automated inference. We show that the NDE also captures expected posterior degeneracies. The NDE posterior could then be refined into the exact posterior with a downstream MCMC sampler with minimal burn-in steps.
Properties of Highly Rotationally Excited H2 in Photodissociation Regions
Authors: Zhang Ziwei E. , Cummings Sally J. , Wan Yier , Yang Benhui , Stancil P. C.
Published: May 2021

Molecular hydrogen (H2) is the dominant molecular species in the vast majority of interstellar environments and it plays a crucial role as a radiative coolant. In photodissociation regions (PDRs), it is one of the primary emitters in the near- to mid-infrared, which is due to lines originating from highly excited levels. The sparseness of H2 collisional data for rotational levels J ≥ 9, particularly for H2–H2 collisions, has limited nonlocal thermal equilibrium (NLTE) studies in ultraviolet-irradiated regions. Utilizing new calculations for para- and ortho-H2 high rotational collisional rate coefficients colliding with H2 (up to the maximum value for v = 0: J = 31), existing data for H2–H and H2–He collisions, and approximate scaling relations for missing collisional data, we investigate the excitation properties of H2 in a range of astrophysical environments, with the focus on PDRs (including benchmark PDR models and the Orion Bar). In these NLTE models, H2 emission is illustrated and shown as a diagnostic for physical conditions, such as temperature and density. Furthermore, we demonstrated the effect of updates in the collisional rates on the modeling results of H2 excitation. The resulting data sets of H2 collisional data should find wide application to other molecular environments.
K-band High-resolution Spectroscopy of Embedded High-mass Protostars
Authors: Hsieh Tien-Hao , Takami Michihiro , Connelley Michael S. , Liu Sheng-Yuan , Su Yu-Nung , Hirano Naomi , Tamura Motohide , Otsuka Masaaki , Karr Jennifer L. , Pyo Tae-Soo
Published: May 2021

A classical paradox in high-mass star formation is that powerful radiation pressure can halt accretion, preventing further growth of a central star. Disk accretion has been proposed to solve this problem, but the disks and the accretion process in high-mass star formation are poorly understood. We executed high-resolution (R = 35,000–70,000) iSHELL spectroscopy in K-band for 11 high-mass protostars. Br-γ emission was observed toward eight sources, and the line profiles for most of these sources are similar to those of low-mass PMS stars. Using an empirical relationship between the Br-γ and accretion luminosities, we tentatively estimate disk accretion rates ranging from ≲10−8 and ∼10−4
M
⊙ yr−1. These low-mass-accretion rates suggest that high-mass protostars gain more mass via episodic accretion as proposed for low-mass protostars. Given the detection limits, CO overtone emission (v = 2−0 and 3−1), likely associated with the inner disk region (r ≪ 100 au), was found toward two sources. This low-detection rate compared with Br-γ emission is consistent with previous observations. Ten out of the 11 sources show absorption at the v = 0–2 R(7) − R(14) CO R-branch. Most of them are either blueshifted or redshifted, indicating that the absorption is associated with an outflow or an inflow with a velocity of up to ∼50 km s−1. Our analysis indicates that the absorption layer is well thermalized (and therefore

cm−3) at a single temperature of typically 100–200 K, and located within 200–600 au of the star.
Mapping the Galactic Disk with the LAMOST and Gaia Red Clump Sample. VII. The Stellar Disk Structure Revealed by the Mono-abundance Populations
Authors: Yu Zheng , Li Ji , Chen Bingqiu , Huang Yang , Jia Shuhua , Xiang Maosheng , Yuan Haibo , Shi Jianrong , Wang Chun , Liu Xiaowei
Published: May 2021

Using a sample of 96,201 primary red clump stars selected from the LAMOST and Gaia surveys, we investigate the stellar structure of the Galactic disk. The sample stars show two separated sequences of high-[α/Fe] and low-[α/Fe] in the [α/Fe]–[Fe/H] plane. We divide the sample stars into five mono-abundance populations (MAPs) with different ranges of [α/Fe] and [Fe/H], named as the high-[α/Fe], high-[α/Fe] and high-[Fe/H], low-[Fe/H], solar, high-[Fe/H] MAPs, respectively. We present the stellar number density distributions in the R–Z plane, and the scale heights and scale lengths of the individual MAPs by fitting their vertical and radial density profiles. The vertical profiles, the variation trend of scale height with the Galactocentric radius, indicate that there is a clear disk flare in the outer disk both for the low-[α/Fe] and the high-[α/Fe] MAPs. While the radial surface-density profiles show a peak radius of 7 kpc and 8 kpc for the high-[α/Fe] and low-[α/Fe] MAPs, respectively. We also investigate the correlation between the mean rotation velocity and metallicity of the individual MAPs, and find that the mean rotation velocities are well separated and show different trends between the high-[α/Fe] and the low-[α/Fe] MAPs. Finally, we discuss the character of the high-[α/Fe] and high-[Fe/H] MAP and find that it is more similar to the high-[α/Fe] MAP either in the radial and vertical density profiles or in the rotation velocity.
Submission to the will of God: Religion/Spirituality as a Cultural Resource of Indonesian Women Living with Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Sutantri Sutantri
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one killer of women. Suffering from illness causes a significant challenge for women’s day-to-day lives. Understanding the women’s experiences and descriptions of managing their illness, strategies are essential for minimizing CVDs negative consequences.
AIM: This study aims to investigate cultural adjustment to CVD among women in Indonesia.
METHODS: This study employed a qualitative research design with in-depth interviews. Twenty-six women who had an experience of the cardiac event participated in this study. A qualitative framework analysis was used to analyze the data.
RESULTS: Five themes were identified from data analysis. These themes were (1) making meaning of the situation, (2) feeling grateful amidst suffering, (3) submission to the will of God, (4) accepting fate, and (5) getting closer to God.
CONCLUSION: Spiritual and religious beliefs played an enormous role in the participants’ illness experience, irrespective of their religions. Nurses should incorporate a religious and spiritual approach to facilitate patients’ coping behaviors when providing care for the Indonesian population.
The Correlation between Nicotine Dependence Level and Anxiety in Indonesian Adolescent Smokers
Authors: Fahrizal Yanuar , Risdiana Nurvita , Rustyawati Febriliana
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: Smoking behavior in Indonesia increases from year to year. The adverse effects of smoking do not appear directly after the cigarette use, but they will be seen in a few months or even in several years. The adverse effects of smoking include nicotine dependence, and anxiety disorder felt as a part of withdrawal symptoms.
AIM: This research aims to identify if there is a correlation between nicotine dependence level and anxiety level in adolescents.
METHODS: This study is non-experiment research with a quantitative method and a cross-sectional approach. The sample of the study was 44 people. Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence was used as the instrument to measure the nicotine dependence level, while the instrument for anxiety level was carried out using the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale.
RESULTS: The correlation analysis between the level of nicotine dependence and anxiety conducted using Spearman rho non-parametric correlation analysis obtained a significant value of 0.0001 (p > 0.05). The value of r = 0.979 showed a positive and robust correlation between nicotine dependence and anxiety level.
CONCLUSION: It is concluded that there is a strong and positive correlation between the nicotine dependence level and the anxiety level in adolescents.
Prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Orthodontic Patients with Different Skeletal Classes Using STOP-BANG Questionnaire: An Observational Study
Authors: Ghonim Hany A. , Nassef Essam M. , El Sharaby Fouad A.
Published: May 2021

AIM: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in orthodontic adult patients with different skeletal classes and no pathology in the airway as detected from the lateral cephalometric radiographs using the STOP-BANG questionnaire. METHODS: The sample comprised 309 subjects (152 males and 157 females) collected from the Egyptian population presented to the orthodontic follicular unit extraction for treatment. The sample was divided into three groups based on the anteroposterior relationship between maxilla and mandible (ANB angle) as evident from pretreatment lateral cephalometric. Patients were asked to fill out general medical history, sign a consent form, and fill in the STOP-BANG questionnaire. Patient’s neck size and height were measured using tape measuring tool and weighing scale, respectively. Body mass index (BMI) was obtained. After submission of the questionnaire, scores were measured for each patient to evaluate the severity of OSA. RESULTS: Comparison between OSA risk in the three classes showed no statistically significant difference (p = 0.791, effect size = 0.052). CONCLUSIONS: STOP-BANG questionnaire showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of OSA between different skeletal classes.
Infection Control Measures in Dental Clinics during Coronavirus Disease-19 Pandemic in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Pilot Study
Authors: Abdelrahim Rawa Kamal , Abdoun Husham Abu Elgasim , Koppolu Pradeep , Swapna Lingam Amara
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 is an infectious respiratory disease causing different symptoms ranging from mild to more complicated cases. In dental clinics, there is a potential risk of cross-infection between dental health worker and patients. Therefore, new infection prevention measures have been recommended to minimize spread of COVID-19 in dental clinics.
AIM: The aim of this study is to get an insight into the infection control measures followed by dentists and modification done in personal protective equipment (PPE) to combat spread of infection during COVID-19 in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
METHODS: A cross-sectional data using online Google survey. The sample included dentists working in either private or government from different regions in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Chi-square test was used to investigate the association between categorical variables (p < 0.05)
RESULTS: Seventy dentists included in the study of which 40% are working in Riyadh. Dental clinics are undertaken respiratory triage and reduce number of patients in waiting area (91% and 98%, respectively). Increased usage of PPE (head cap, face shield, and N95 mask) during the pandemic was observed in the study sample (p = 0.001). Working hours and number of patients were reduced during COVID-19.
CONCLUSION: Evidence shows that majority of dentists working in KSA are following recommended measures to minimize the spread of COVID-19. Some dentists modified their PPE during the pandemic. However, further research is required to investigate adherence to infection control measures by dentists.
One new species of the genus Ischnothyreus Simon, 1893 and re-description of I. yueluensis Yin & Wang, 1984 from China (Araneae, Oonopidae)
Authors: Huang Ying , Tong Yanfeng , Bian Dongju , Li Shuqiang
Published: May 2021

The genus Ischnothyreus Simon, 1893 is one of the most speciose genera of Oonopidae, with 114 extant species mainly distributed in the Old World. Currently, 16 species have been recorded in China.

Two species of the genus Ischnothyreus Simon, 1893 from China are recognised, including one new species, I. yunlong Tong & Li, sp. n. (male, female) from Yunnan. Ischnothyreus yueluensis Yin & Wang, 1984 is re-studied. Descriptions, diagnoses and photos of the two species are provided.
Plant diversity assessment of karst limestone, a case study of Malaysia’s Batu Caves
Authors: Kiew Ruth , Rahman Rafidah Abdul
Published: May 2021

Batu Caves hill is typical of karst hills in Peninsular Malaysia due to its small size and high biodiversity. It harbours 366 vascular plant species that represent about 25% of the Peninsula’s limestone flora. Five species are endemic to Batu Caves and 23 are threatened species. This high biodiversity is the result of many microhabitats, each with their own assemblages of species. Threats are especially severe as the area of Batu Caves is surrounded by urbanisation that encroaches to the foot of cliffs, is vulnerable to fire, habitat disturbance and, formerly, by quarrying. Assigning a Conservation Importance Score (CIS) to all species is quantitative and accurate, can be implemented rapidly and produces reproducible results. Species with highest CIS are native species of primary vegetation, restricted to limestone substrates, endangered conservation status and, in this case, endemic to Batu Caves. It allows not only species, but microhabitats, sites within a hill and different hills to be compared. By identifying and surveying all microhabitats and focusing on locating endemic and threatened species, maximum biodiversity can be captured. Of the 16 microhabitats identified, the most threatened were the buffer zone, lower levels of steep earth-covered slopes and cave entrances. Application of this method provides a scientific basis for balancing the need to protect microhabitats and sites with the highest CIS, with their multiple uses by various stakeholders, which, at Batu Caves, include the activities of cave temples and eco-recreation. It also provides a scientific quantitative method to compare hills to ensure that those hills with highest CIS are not released for mining.
Divorcer à Genève au XIX e siècle
Authors: Oris Michel
Published: May 2021

Une étude du divorce à Genève apporte des éléments originaux dans la mesure où les traditions protestantes ont eu en leur cœur même la définition d’un ordre familial strict, dans lequel, cependant, le divorce pouvait être reconnu comme la moins mauvaise solution. C’est avec cet héritage que la « Rome calviniste » est entrée dans un xix e siècle qui a vu se succéder des législations destinées à réguler les divorces. Ces lois et leur application ont reflété les conflits entre conservateurs et progressistes, protestants et catholiques, sur le mariage, la famille et l’ordre social. Cet article met dans un premier temps l’histoire juridique en lien avec les fluctuations annuelles du nombre de divorces. Après une brève présentation des sources nominatives et de leurs limites, des régressions logistiques mettent en lumière les caractéristiques des divorcés en les comparant aux mariés. Celles et ceux qui brisaient les normes du mariage tardif étaient les plus enclins à briser une autre norme en divorçant. Il en allait de même des femmes qui étaient à la tête d’un commerce ou d’un atelier, et qui se sont montrées capables d’affronter les coûts économiques et sociaux d’un divorce pour rompre les chaînes d’un mariage malheureux. Invisible dans les sources officielles, le « divorce des pauvres », les abandons de domicile conjugal, font eux aussi l’objet d’une discussion.
Le phénomène Philippe Ariès
Authors: Cuchet Guillaume
Published: May 2021

Près de quarante ans après sa mort, on continue de lire, de relire et même d’éditer Philippe Ariès (1914-1984), tant il est vrai qu’il apparaît à distance comme un des grands historiens français du xx e  siècle. Michel Foucault, qui l’avait en haute estime, disait qu’il avait été l’initiateur d’un nouveau type d’histoire qu’il qualifiait de « stylistique de l’existence ». On voudrait dans cet article revenir sur l’homme, les caractéristiques générales de son œuvre, ses thèses célèbres sur l’histoire de la mort à l’heure où cette dernière connaît un certain renouveau, et le phénomène Philippe Ariès (au sens médiatique du terme) qui a marqué les années 1970-1980, en s’aidant notamment des archives sonores et visuelles de l’Institut national d’audiovisuel (INA).
La spécificité clinique du symptôme en psychiatrie : l’exemple de l’hystérie
Authors: Lepastier Samuel
Published: May 2021

Dans un souci d’humanisme, les affections psychiques ont progressivement été considérées comme des maladies. Ainsi, les patients qui en sont atteints conservent leur dignité au sein des institutions de soins. Cependant, une tendance récente – favorisée par le développement de la psychiatrie athéorique – élimine toute perspective psychodynamique pour ramener la psychiatrie à une branche de la médecine interne, celle qui concernerait les maladies du cerveau. Cette perspective, sans doute intéressante sur le plan épidémiologique et statistique, montre ses limites dans la mise en place de traitements personnalisés car alors le lien intersubjectif est au premier plan. Le symptôme psychiatrique est spécifique car toujours adressé à autrui, il n’est pas réductible au modèle lésionnel médical.
Quand un vieillard souhaite en finir au plus vite avec la vie
Authors: Charazac Pierre
Published: May 2021

La situation de dépendance en institution menace le vieillard d’un conflit entre la gratitude et la haine qui s’accentue à l’approche de la fin de vie. En affichant leur lassitude de vivre, certains résidents dressent entre eux et les soignants un mur qui les protège d’une défaillance possible de l’environnement risquant de leur faire revivre une angoisse d’effondrement au moment où ils recherchent l’objet qui accompagnera leur trépas.
Quelle place au symptôme dans l’addiction ? Entre contrainte de la consommation et contrainte de l’abstinence
Authors: Bernaud Joan
Published: May 2021

L’objet de cet article est de pouvoir engager une réflexion sur la prise en charge des addictions au sein des institutions. Après avoir dégagé la place des conduites addictives dans la société et les représentations qui y sont associées, l’auteur s’intéresse au statut de l’acte addictif en tant qu’acte symptôme dans le fonctionnement psychique du sujet. Cela est l’occasion d’explorer les attitudes et contre-attitudes des soignants face aux conduites addictives, pour enfin envisager des possibilités de prises en charge au plus près des besoins des patients. L’ensemble de cette réflexion, tant du côté du patient que de celui du soignant, est illustré par une situation clinique.