bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Determination of the Absolute Configuration of the Sex Pheromone (I) of the Obscure Mealybug by Vibrational Circular Dichroism Analysis.
Authors: Figadere Bruno , Devlin Frank J. , Millar Jocelyn G. , Stephens Philip J.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Amphidinolide O (III): A Stereoselective Synthesis of C1—C11 Fragment.
Authors: Kim Jong Woo , Kong Sun‐Ju , Kim Yeo‐Jin , Lee Duck‐Hyung
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Neurite Outgrowth‐Promoting Active Constituents of the Japanese Cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa).
Authors: Kuroyanagi Masanori , Ikeda Ryuya , Gao Hui Yuan , Muto Norio , Otaki Keisuke , Sano Toshikazu , Kawahara Nobuo , Nakane Takahisa
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Prenylated Flavonoids with PTP1B Inhibitory Activity from the Root Bark of Erythrina mildbraedii.
Authors: Jang JunPil , Na MinKyun , Thuong Phuong Thien , Njamen Dieudonne , Mbafor Joseph Tanyi , Fomum Zacharias Tanee , Woo Eun‐Rhan , Oh Won Keun
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ion‐Exchange Behavior of One‐Dimensional Linked Dodecaniobate Keggin Ion Materials.
Authors: Nyman May , Powers Craig R. , Bonhomme Francois , Alam Todd M. , Maginn Edward J. , Hobbs David T.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ti5Si3 Nanowire and Its Field Emission Property.
Authors: Lin Huang‐Kai , Tzeng Yu‐Fen , Wang Chia‐Hsin , Tai Nyan‐Hwa , Lin I‐Nan , Lee Chi‐Young , Chiu Hsin‐Tien
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt Hydroxide Nanosheets and Their Thermal Decomposition to Cobalt Oxide Nanorings.
Authors: Liu Xiaohe , Yi Ran , Zhang Ning , Shi Rongrong , Li Xingguo , Qiu Guanzhou
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanomaterials Based on Group III‐VII Rare Elements: Targeted Synthesis, Structure, and Properties
Authors: Drobot D. V. , Shcheglov P. A. , Nikishina E. E. , Lebedeva E. N.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Resonance in Porous Media: Recent Progress
Authors: Song Yi‐Qiao , Cho H. , Hopper Tim , Pomerantz Andrew E. , Sun Phillip Zhe
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Monitoring the Dissolution Process of Metals in the Gas Phase: Reactions of Nanoscale Al and Ga Metal Atom Clusters and Their Relationship to Similar Metalloid Clusters
Authors: Burgert Ralf , Schnoeckel Hansgeorg
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Porous Manganese Oxide Octahedral Molecular Sieves and Octahedral Layered Materials
Authors: Suib Steven L.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Liquid—Liquid Interface as a Medium to Generate Nanocrystalline Films of Inorganic Materials
Authors: Rao C. N. R. , Kalyanikutty K. P.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: On the Physical State of Molecules in Microporous Solids
Authors: Derouane Eric G.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Optically Pumped Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Semiconductors
Authors: Hayes Sophia E. , Mui Stacy , Ramaswamy Kannan
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiplatelet Activity of Novel Arylsulfonate—Acylhydrazone Derivatives, Designed as Antithrombotic Candidates.
Authors: Lima Lidia M. , Frattani Flavia S. , dos Santos Jean L. , Castro Helena C. , Fraga Carlos Alberto M. , Zingali Russolina B. , Barreiro Eliezer J.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Coordination Copolymerization of Polar Vinyl Monomers H2C=CHX
Authors: Berkefeld Andreas , Mecking Stefan
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Combinatorial Transition‐Metal Catalysis: Mixing Monodentate Ligands to Control Enantio‐, Diastereo‐, and Regioselectivity
Authors: Reetz Manfred T.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Oxidation of Aliphatic C—H Bonds in the Synthesis of Complex Molecules
Authors: Christmann Mathias
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Transmission and Amplification of Information and Properties in Nanostructured Liquid Crystals
Authors: Goodby John W. , Saez Isabel M. , Cowling Stephen J. , Goertz Verena , Draper Michael , Hall Alan W. , Sia Susan , Cosquer Guirac , Lee Seung‐Eun , Raynes E. Peter
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Central‐Ring Functionalization and Application of the Rigid, Aromatic, and H‐Shaped Pentiptycene Scaffold
Authors: Yang Jye‐Shane , Yan Jyu‐Lun
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrophilic Polyfluoroalkylating Agents Based on Sulfonate Esters
Authors: Briza Tomas , Kral Vladimir , Martasek Pavel , Kaplanek Robert
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Biginelli Reaction
Authors: Saini Anil , Kumar Sanjay , Sandhu Jagir S.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Sublime Arguments: Rethinking the Generation of Homochirality under Prebiotic Conditions
Authors: Cintas Pedro
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Enzyme Inhibitor Spirastrellolide A — Stereochemical Confirmation
Authors: Perkins Michael V.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Trimethylenemethane [3 + 2] Cycloadditions
Authors: Le Marquand Paul , Tam William
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of Marine Furanocembranoids, Pseudopteranes, Gersolanes, and Related Natural Products
Authors: Roethle Paul A. , Trauner Dirk
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphazenes
Authors: Van de Grampel J. C.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Pentacoordinated and Hexacoordinated Compounds
Authors: Tebby J. C.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Quinquevalent Phosphorus Acids
Authors: Skowronska A. , Owsianik K.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphine Chalcogenides, Phosphonium Salts and P‐Ylides
Authors: Keglevich G.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphines and Related Tervalent Phosphorus Systems
Authors: Allen D. W.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure—Activity Relationship of trans‐Resveratrol and Its Analogues.
Authors: Ovesna Z. , Horvathova‐Kozics K.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Chiral Polynitrogenated Synthetic Receptors for Anions
Authors: Alfonso Ignacio
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Free Radical Chemistry of C—C Bond Formation in Aqueous Media: From Mechanistic Origins to Applications
Authors: Perchyonok V. T. , Lykakis I. N.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyranonaphthoquinones—Isolation, Biological Activity and Synthesis
Authors: Sperry Jonathan , Bachu Prabhakar , Brimble Margaret A.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Convergent Strategies for the Total Synthesis of Polycyclic Ether Marine Metabolites
Authors: Sasaki Makoto , Fuwa Haruhiko
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Stereoselective Synthesis of Multisubstituted Allenes and Their Application in Organic Transformations
Authors: Ogasawara Masamichi
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Conversion of Primary or Secondary Alcohols with Nonaflyl Fluoride into Their Corresponding Inverted Fluorides
Authors: Vorbrueggen Helmut
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Spirocyclic Compounds Based on Claisen Rearrangement and Its Application to the Synthesis of Natural Products
Authors: Nakazaki Atsuo , Kobayashi Susumu
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies on Bioactive Natural Products Utilizing the Elimination Reaction of 1,2‐Dibromides Possessing Oxygen‐Functional Groups at Adjacent Positions
Authors: Ohgiya Tadaaki , Kutsumura Noriki , Nishiyama Shigeru
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Groves—Spiro Dioxomanganese(V) Story
Authors: Gross Zeev
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Exogenous Agents that Target Transmembrane Domains of Proteins
Authors: Yin Hang
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(III) Compounds as Anticancer Agents: Relevance of Gold—Protein Interactions for Their Mechanism of Action
Authors: Casini Angela , Hartinger Christian , Gabbiani Chiara , Mini Enrico , Dyson Paul J. , Keppler Bernard K. , Messori Luigi
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Role of Thrombospondin‐1 in Hypoxia‐Induced Migration of Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Takahashi Minoru , Oka Mayuko , Ikeda Takako , Akiba Satoshi , Sato Takashi
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Involvement of the Amygdala on Place Aversion Induced by Naloxone in Single‐Dose Morphine‐Treated Rats
Authors: Ishida Shigeru , Shimosaka Riho , Kawasaki Yoichi , Jin Chunyu , Kitamura Yoshihisa , Araki Hiroaki , Sendo Toshiaki , Gomita Yutaka
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Psychological Stress‐Induced Changes in Sleep Patterns and Its Generation Mechanism
Authors: Cui Ranji , Li Bingjin , Suemaru Katsuya , Araki Hiroaki
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Changing Requirements of Purification as Drug Discovery Programs Evolve from Hit Discovery.
Authors: Isbell John
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Multidimensional Solid State NMR of Anisotropic Interactions in Peptides and Proteins
Authors: Wylie Benjamin J. , Rienstra Chad M.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electronic Ground States of Low‐Spin Iron(III) Porphyrinoids
Authors: Nakamura Mikio , Ohgo Yoshiki , Ikezaki Akira
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: NMR of Carbohydrates, Lipids and Membranes
Authors: Hounsell Elizabeth
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: NMR of Proteins and Nucleic Acids
Authors: Matthews S. J.
Published: June 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Correlation of histology with biomarker status after photodynamic therapy in Barrett esophagus
Authors: Prasad Ganapathy A. , Wang Kenneth K. , Halling Kevin C. , Buttar Navtej S. , Wongkeesong Louis‐Michel , Zinsmeister Alan R. , Brankley Shannon M. , Westra Wytske M. , Lutzke Lori S. , Borkenhagen Lynn S. , Dunagan Kelly
Published: June 2008

BACKGROUND.

Currently, histology is used as the endpoint to define success with photodynamic therapy (PDT) in patients with high‐grade dysplasia (HGD). Recurrences despite ‘successful’ ablation are common. The role of biomarkers in assessing response to PDT remains undefined. The objectives of the current study were 1) to assess biomarkers in a prospective cohort of patients with HGD/mucosal cancer before and after PDT and 2) to correlate biomarker status after PDT with histology.

METHODS.

Patients who underwent PDT for HGD/mucosal cancer were studied prospectively. All patients underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy, 4‐quadrant biopsies every centimeter, endoscopic mucosal resection of visible nodules, and endoscopic ultrasound. Cytology samples were obtained by using standard cytology brushes. Biomarkers were assessed by using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The biomarkers that were assessed included loss of 9p21 (site of the p16 gene) and 17p13.1 (site of the p53 gene) loci; gains of the 8q24(c‐myc), 17q (HER2‐neu), and 20q13 loci; and multiple gains. Patients received PDT 48 hours after the administration of sodium porfimer. Demographic and clinical variables were collected prospectively. Patients were followed with endoscopy and repeat cytology for biomarkers. The McNemar test was used to compare biomarker proportions before and after PDT.

RESULTS.

Thirty‐one patients were studied. The median patient age was 66 years (interquartile range [IQR], 56–73 years), and 28 patients (88%) were men. The mean Barrett segment length was 5 cm (standard error of the mean, 0.5 cm). Post‐PDT biomarkers were obtained after a median duration of 9 months (IQR, 3–12 months). There was a statistically significant decrease in the proportion of several biomarkers assessed after PDT. Six patients without HGD after PDT still had positive FISH results for 1 or more biomarkers: of these, 2 patients (33%) developed recurrent HGD.

CONCLUSIONS.

In this initial study, histologic downgrading of dysplasia after PDT was associated with the loss of biomarkers that have been associated with progression of neoplasia in Barrett esophagus. Patients with persistently positive biomarkers appeared to be at a higher risk of recurrent HGD. These findings should be confirmed in a larger study. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
A novel model of insulin‐dependent diabetes with renal and retinal lesions by transgenic expression of CaMKIIα (Thr286Asp) in pancreatic β‐cells
Authors: Kato Ichiro , Oya Takeshi , Suzuki Hikari , Takasawa Kumi , Ichsan Andi M. , Nakada Shinji , Ishii Yoko , Shimada Yutaka , Sasahara Masakiyo , Tobe Kazuyuki , Takasawa Shin , Okamoto Hiroshi , Hiraga Koichi
Published: June 2008

Background

The activation of Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in pancreatic β‐cells has been thought to play a central role in Ca2+‐mediated insulin secretion. However, the physiological and pathological significance of CaMKII activation in pancreatic β‐cells has never been investigated in vivo.

Methods

We generated transgenic (TG) mice overexpressing the constitutively active‐type CaMKIIα (Thr286Asp) in β‐cells. The mice were extensively examined histologically and biochemically. Time‐course changes of blood glucose, haemoglobin A1C and insulin were also determined.

Results

Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses showed overexpression of CaMKIIα proteins in pancreatic β‐cells of TG mice. All TG mice developed severe hypoinsulinaemic diabetes by P28. In vivo BrdU labelling analysis revealed that cell proliferation in TG islets is severely impaired. Immunohistochemical examination revealed accumulations of NF‐κB in nuclei of TG β‐cells at P21, which are associated with DNA laddering, a hallmark of apoptosis. At P28, pancreatic and serum insulin levels were both significantly (p < 0.05) lower in TG mice (0.037 ± 0.005 ng/µg and 0.50 ± 0.01 ng/mL) than in wild‐type mice (0.997 ± 0.093 ng/µg and 2.50 ± 0.22 ng/mL). TG mice at P140 showed enlargement of kidney, mesangial expansion and glomerulosclerosis, which are associated with urinary albumin excretion. TG mice at P140‐P168 developed severe retinal lesions such as disrupted ganglion cells and showed a flat pattern in electroretinography.

Conclusions

The TG mice established herein will be valuable as a novel model of severe insulin‐dependent diabetes accompanied by an early progression of diabetic micro‐vascular complications. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impaired glucose regulation and type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents
Authors: Kempf Kerstin , Rathmann Wolfgang , Herder Christian
Published: June 2008

Diabetes mellitus in paediatric patients used to be almost exclusively type 1, but in recent years, case series as well as hospital‐based and population‐based studies indicated that the number of children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has been increasing. This development is alarming since T2DM in youth is usually not an isolated condition, but accompanied by other cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity, dyslipidaemia, hypertension and low‐grade inflammation. In adults, numerous studies provided detailed data on prevalence, incidence and risk factors for the development of T2DM, but for children and adolescents clinical and experimental data are still rather limited. This review provides an overview about the epidemiology and pathogenesis of T2DM in youth and about impaired glucose regulation as major risk factor for diabetes development with a special focus on the recent literature on clinical and lifestyle‐related risk factors. Differences in incidence and prevalence across different populations indicate that ethnic background and genetic pre‐disposition may be important risk determinants. In addition, epigenetic factors and foetal programming appear to confer additional risk before birth. Among the environmental and lifestyle‐related risk factors there is evidence that obesity, hypercaloric diet, physical inactivity, socio‐economic position (SEP), smoking, low‐grade inflammation, psychosocial stress and sleeping patterns contribute to the risk for T2DM. However, the assessment of the relevance of risk factors and of incidence or prevalence estimates in youth is complicated by methodological issues that are also discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gap junctions relay FGF8‐mediated right‐sided repression of Nodal in rabbit
Authors: Feistel Kerstin , Blum Martin
Published: June 2008

In vertebrate gastrula/neurula embryos, a cilia‐driven leftward flow asymmetrically activates the Nodal cascade in the left lateral plate mesoderm (LPM). In frog embryos left–right axis formation was postulated to depend on gap junctions (GJs) during cleavage. Here, we show that GJs cooperate with fibroblast growth factor‐8 (FGF8) to specify asymmetric Nodal in the rabbit embryo at gastrula/neurula. GJs and FGF signaling were manipulated in whole embryo and explant cultures of rabbit blastodiscs. These experiments demonstrate that right‐sided inhibition of Nodal by FGF8 depended on intercellular communication by means of GJs, and that left‐sided induction of Nodal required attenuation of gap junctional communication (GJC). Before flow, the left and right side were equally competent but actively prevented from Nodal induction through FGF8/GJ. Our data suggest that flow unilaterally attenuates FGF8/GJ‐mediated repression of Nodal on the left side, integrating GJC and FGF8 into the flow‐based mechanism of symmetry breakage in the vertebrate embryo. Developmental Dynamics 237:3516–3527, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The transformation of post‐communist societies in Central and Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union: an economic and ecological sustainability perspective
Authors: Scrieciu S. Şerban , Stringer Lindsay C.
Published: June 2008

Since the collapse of Communism in Central and Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union, the reform process has been considerably influenced by the neoclassical economic approach to transition. This has heavily emphasized competitive markets and economic liberalization measuresper se, often ignoring the establishment of adequate institutional frameworks and resulting in high transition costs and the side‐lining of environmental concerns. Alternative models of market transformations in post‐Communist societies have been forwarded in the literature, though these have been arguably less influential. We explore the role of these economic ideologies in shaping transition paths, with a focus on the Post‐Keynesian economic approach as an alternative to the neoclassical paradigm. We further propose a holistic approach to transition to account for appropriate institutional developments in the area of environmental sustainability. We argue that transition economies need to reconsider their ‘market transformation’ process in order to capitalize on their potential and mark their own contribution to positive shifts in sustainable development paradigms. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Implementation of the IPPC Directive and its economic impacts: evidence from the EU steel and glass industry
Authors: Rave Tilmann , Triebswetter Ursula
Published: June 2008

This paper aims at assessing the likely economic impacts of different approaches to implementation of Directive 96/61/EC on integrated pollution prevention and control (IPPC) by establishing a conceptual framework and by providing empirical evidence from case studies in the EU electric steel and domestic glass industry. The potential economic implications of the IPPC permitting process are analysed from the point of view of individual plants. Both plant‐ and sector‐specific factors and the institutional and regulatory context of IPPC implementation in different member states are taken into account. The paper finds only limited evidence of any adverse competitiveness impacts arising from IPPC implementation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
η1‐Coordination of Phosphinine C5H5P and Arsenine C5H5As to Ruthenium(II) and Osmium(II)
Authors: Elschenbroich Christoph , Six Jörg , Harms Klaus , Frenking Gernot , Heydenrych Greta
Published: June 2008

Reductive complexation of RuCl3 and OsCl3 in the presence of phosphinine C5H5P and arsenine C5H5As yields the species trans‐Cl2(η1‐C5H5E)4MII (M = Ru, E = P, As; M = Os, E = P). trans‐Cl2(η1‐C5H5As)4Ru constitutes the first arsenine complex of a late transition metal. Further reduction and isolation of the binary complexes (C5H5E)nM0 (n = 2, 4, 5) failed, presumably because of metal–ligand bond cleavage. According to X‐ray diffraction analysis, trans‐Cl2(η1‐C5H5P)4Ru (3) features two pairs of coplanar trans‐phosphinine ligands, which adopt eclipsed and staggered orientations, respectively, with regard to the Cl–Ru–Cl backbone. DFT calculations indicate a flat curvature of the potential governing conformational change and predict a structure for 3 that differs from that observed in the crystal. This illustrates the need to include intermolecular Ru–Cl···H hydrogen bonding as a structural director. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Synthesis and Characterisation of Poly(bipyridine)ruthenium Complexes as Building Blocks for Heterosupramolecular Arrays
Authors: Schwalbe Matthias , Schäfer Bernhard , Görls Helmar , Rau Sven , Tschierlei Stefanie , Schmitt Michael , Popp Jürgen , Vaughan Gavin , Henry William , Vos Johannes G.
Published: June 2008

Poly(bipyridine)ruthenium complexes with carboxylate anchor groups are key components in dye‐sensitised solar cells. In this contribution, an improved microwave‐assisted synthetic procedure is presented for the important building block [RuCl2(dcmb)2] (dcmb = 4,4′‐dimethoxycarbonyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine), which results in short reaction times and high purity. The methyl esters are easily deprotected to give free carboxylate functions. In addition, a full structural, spectral and electrochemical characterisation of a series of complexes with the general formula [Ru(dcmb)3–n(tbbpy)n](PF6)2 with n = 0–3 and tbbpy = 4,4′‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine is presented. The location of the lowest‐energy metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited state is investigated by resonance Raman spectroscopy for selected complexes. The results obtained indicate that the nature of the excited state that is populated is dependent on the excitation wavelength. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Influence of Metals and Reduced Oxygen Species on the Photooxidation of 2‐Propanol with a Cesium Peroxidotitanate Complex
Authors: Rohe Markus , Merz Klaus
Published: June 2008

The mechanism of the photocatalytic degradation of 2‐propanol under anaerobic condition was investigated in the presence of the novel cesium peroxoidotitanate complex Cs2(NH4)6[Ti4(O2)4(Hcit)2(cit)2]Cl2·8H2O (1) (cit = citrate). This complex contains two different kinds of peroxido units. Two peroxido groups bind to the titanium atom in a side‐on η2‐fashion, the other peroxido units are directly bonded to the titanium and cesium atoms. These bridging peroxido groups are responsible for the inhibited activity in the photooxidation in contrast to what was found in previous studies about unbridged peroxidotitanate complexes. The decelerated oxidation of the alcohol is useful for the determination of the mechanism during the photocatalytic oxidation process. Therefore, ESI mass spectrometry and 13C NMR spectroscopy were applied to obtain a deeper insight into the mechanism in the alcohol oxidation. Furthermore, an influence of the metal salt (Cs vs. Li) with respect of the photocatalysis was detected. The cesium peroxido complex 1 shows significant results in the photochemical oxidation of 2‐propanol to acetone. More than 50 % acetone was obtained without detection of any side products. The conversion yield from 2‐propanol to acetone was monitored by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and by Raman spectroscopy. The catalytic activity is not limited to 2‐propanol; 1‐phenylethanol could also be oxidized by 1. An intermediate of the photooxidation could be isolated and was characterized. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Synthesis and properties of geminis with two alkyl and two phosphate headgroups
Authors: Shukla Dipti , Tyagi Vinod K.
Published: June 2008

Amphipathic compounds having two phosphate groups and two long‐chain alkyl groups were prepared by a two‐step process: (a) preparation of monoalkyl phosphate from pyrophosphoric acid and dodecanol, (b) preparation of bis‐phosphoric acid from monoalkyl phosphate, (CH3)4NOH and 1,6‐dibromo hexane by using acetonitrile as solvent. The experimental results showed that a 5 : 10 : 2.5 molar ratio of reactants (alkyl phosphate/(CH3)4NOH/1,6‐dibromo hexane) and 3 h duration was the optimum for the reaction. The structure of the synthesized product was verified by analytical methods, viz. FT‐IR and 1H‐NMR. The surface‐active and performance properties like foaming, wetting and anionic content of the disodium salt of bis‐phosphoric acid were also evaluated. The synthesized anionic gemini surfactants possessed maximum anionic content, i.e. 73.4%, and showed better water solubility, foaming and wetting ability than conventional monoalkyl phosphates.
Properties and biotechnological methods to produce lipids containing conjugated linoleic acid
Authors: Adamczak Marek , Bornscheuer Uwe T. , Bednarski Włodzimierz
Published: June 2008

In this review, the occurrence, properties, nutritional importance and especially biotechnological methods for the production of conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) and CLA‐rich lipids are summarized. Beside information from medical and nutritional studies on the biological activity of CLA, the focus is on the enzymatic synthesis of structured lipids containing CLA and the microbial synthesis of CLA.
Synthesis of Polyglycerol, Porphyrin‐Cored Dendrimers Using Click Chemistry
Authors: Elmer Stephanie L. , Man Sonny , Zimmerman Steven C.
Published: June 2008

Polyglycerol, porphyrin‐cored dendrimers were synthesized by the click reaction of azide‐cored polyglycerol dendrons and octa‐alkynylporphyrin 19. The dendrons were synthesized divergently starting with TBDPS‐protected allyl alcohol 2. Two, three and four cycles of dihydroxylation‐allyl etherification gave dendrons [G‐2.5] 6, [G‐3.5] 8, [G‐4.5] 11, with four, eight, and sixteen alkene groups, respectively. Dendron 11 was readily prepared on large scale with an overall yield of 45 %. Dendron 8 was deprotected and converted into the corresponding alkyne – and azide‐cored dendron 13 and 15 in 89 % and 75 % yield, respectively. Dendron 11 was deprotected and converted into the corresponding alkyne – and azide‐cored dendron 16 and 18 in 68 % and 24 % yield, respectively. Both the [G‐3.5]‐azide 15 and [G‐4.5]‐azide 18 were separately “clicked” to polyalkyne core 19 via theHuisgen 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition to afford 20 and 21 in 65 % and 66 % yield, respectively. Dendrimer 21 has a MW of ca. 16000 and 128 peripheral alkene groups. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Development of a fully integrated microfluidic system for sensing infectious viral disease
Authors: Huh Yun Suk , Park Tae Jung , Lee Eun Zoo , Hong Won Hi , Lee Sang Yup
Published: June 2008

An active micromixer system utilizing the magnetic force was developed and examined for its ability to facilitate the mixing of more than two fluid flows. The mixing performance of the active micromixer was evaluated in aqueous–aqueous systems including dyes for visual observation. A complete analytical microfluidic system was developed by integrating various functional modules into a single chip, thus allowing cell lysis, sample preparation, purification of intracellular molecules, and subsequent analysis. Upon loading the cell samples and lysis solution into the mixing chamber, the integrated microfluidic device allows efficient cell disruption by rotation of a micromagnetic disk and control of mixing time using the Teflon‐coated hydrophobic film as a microvalve. This inflow is followed by separating the cell debris and contaminated proteins from the cell lysate sample using the acrylamide (AAm)‐functionalized SPE. The inflow of partially purified cell lysate sample containing the gold binding polypeptide (GBP)‐fusion protein was bound onto the gold micropatterns by means of its metal binding affinity. The GBP‐fusion method allows immobilization of proteins in bioactive forms onto the gold surface without surface modification suitable for studying antigen–antibody interaction. It was used for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), an infectious viral disease, as an example case.
Fasting status as a consideration for human serum collection and preparation prior to depletion and analysis
Authors: Byrne Jennifer C. , Downes Michelle R. , O'Donoghue Niaobh , Fitzpatrick John M. , Dunn Michael J. , Watson Ronald W. G.
Published: June 2008

The use of comparative serum proteomic analysis has the potential to reveal protein expression changes present at different stages of disease progression. Depletion strategies allow for the enrichment of low‐abundance proteins, which are more likely to be clinically significant biomarkers. We have observed that patient serum samples filtered through 0.22 μm cellulose acetate spin filters prior to depletion showed a variable level of retention of patient material on the upper part of the filter. This could potentially be related to the fasting status of the patient as a reduction in the lipid content of samples through the incorporation of a centrifugation step prior to filtration was found to reduce this effect. In order to determine if proteins were being selectively retained during filtration, a 2‐D difference gel electrophoresis (2‐D DIGE) experiment was performed. This demonstrated no significant selective retention of protein within crude serum samples. However, as this analysis was carried out on crude serum, it must be emphasised that protein loss could be manifest in the low‐abundance proteins which would be masked in our analysis. Depletion of the retentate was not possible due to technical limitations, however based on our results a centrifugation step might act as an alternative to filtration in serum processing prior to depletion.
Nanofluidic system for the studies of single DNA molecules
Authors: Kuo Chiung‐Wen , Wei Kung Hwa , Lin Chun‐Hsun , Shiu Jau‐Ye , Chen Peilin
Published: June 2008

Here, we describe a simple and low‐cost lithographic technique to fabricate size‐controllable nanopillar arrays inside the microfluidic channels for the studies of single DNA molecules. In this approach, nanosphere lithography has been employed to grow a single layer of well‐ordered close‐packed colloidal crystals inside the microfluidic channels. The size of the polymeric colloidal nanoparticles could be trimmed by oxygen plasma treatment. These size‐trimmed colloidal nanoparticles were then used as the etching mask in a deep etching process. As a result, well‐ordered size‐controllable nanopillar arrays could be fabricated inside the microfluidic channels. The gap distance between the nanopillars could be tuned between 20 and 80 nm allowing the formation of nanofluidic system where the behavior of a single λ‐phage DNA molecule has been investigated. It was found that the λ‐phage DNA molecule could be fully stretched in the nanofluidic system formed by nanopillars with 50 nm gap distance at a field of 50 V/cm.