bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFEK PEMBEKUAN-PELELEHAN BERULANG TERHADAP MUTU SENSORI IKAN CAKALANG (Katsuwonus pelamis L)
Authors: Tatontos Sandra Jenspiten , Harikedua Silvana Dinaintang , Mongi Eunike Louisje , Wonggo Djuhria , Montolalu Lita ADY , Makapedua Daisy Monica , Dotulong Verly
Published: July 2019

Fish is one of the perishable food, freezing technique is an effective method in storage fishery products. The process of freezing and thawing can also cause damage to fish meat such as the occurrence of protein denaturation which results in the loss of water holding capacity and influence the decrease in sensory quality (odor, texture, color). This study aims to determine the effect of the freez-thaw cycle on Skipjack sensory quality. Freezing for 24 hours at -24.2ºC freezer temperature and thawing for 24 hours at refrigerator temperature ± 2,4ºC. Freez-thaw is done repeatedly, 1 time, 2 times, 3 times and 4 times. The results of the study showed that the more freezing-thawing processes carried out, the more affected the sensory quality. The results of this study indicate that after 4 times the freez-thaw cycle treatment affects the sensory quality of skipjackKeyword: Freez-thaw cycle, sensory quality. Ikan adalah produk pangan yang mudah mengalami kemunduran mutu (perishable food), teknik pembekuan adalah metode pengolahan dan penyimpanan yang efektif untuk produk hasil perikanan. Proses pembekuan juga dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada daging ikan seperti terjadinya denaturasi protein, penurunan mutu sensori (aroma, tekstur, warna). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek dari pembekuan dan pelelehan secara berulang terhadap kualitas sensori ikan cakalang. Pembekuan dilakukan selama 24 jam pada suhu freezer -24,2ºC dan pelelehan dilakukan selama 24 jam pada suhu lemari es ± 2,4ºC. alur pembekuan-pelelehan dilakukan secara berulang, 1 kali, 2 kali, 3 kali dan 4 kali. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa semakin banyak proses pembekuan-pelelehan yang dilakukan maka nilai mutu sensori. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa setelah 4 kali perlakuan pembekuan-pelelehan terhadap ikan cakalang terjadi penurunan pada penampakkan sensori.Kata kunci: Pembekuan-pelelehan berulang, mutu sensori.
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI AIR REBUSAN DAUN MANGROVE Sonneratia alba
Authors: Sendukh Toar Waraney , Linggama Gisella Aisyah , Kembaren Meiliani Sembiring , Montolalu Lita ADY
Published: July 2019

tradisional untuk mengobati beberapa penyakit. Penggunaan daun, buah, kulit kayu, batang, akar dan buah dari beberapa spesies mangrove dan memiliki senyawa yang bersifat antibakteri. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri yang terdapat pada ekstrak daun mangrove Sonneratia alba untuk menghambat bakteri S. aureus danE. coli. Menggunakan metode ekstraksi infusa dengan cara direbus selama  10, 20, dan 30 menit setelah itu di rebus kembali dengan air api kecil kemudian di keringkan dalam oven dengan suhu 75-80°C dengan konsentrasi ekstrak 50.000 ppm dan 10.000 ppm, kontrol positif (kloramfenikol), dan kontrol negatif (aquades). Hasil pengujian antibakteri menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak air rebusan daun mangrove Sonneratia albamempunyai aktivitas paling besar pada perlakuan 30 menit konsentrasi 100.000 ppm terhadap bakteri E. colididapatkan rata-rata zona hambat sebesar 11,7 mm. Sedangkan pada bakteri S. aureus, paling besar pada perlakuan 30 menit konsentrasi 50.000 mendapatkan rata-rata zona hambat sebesar 7,5 mm.
Left atrial diameter in estimating success rates of radio-frequency ablation treating atrial fibrillation.
Authors: Elsayegh Mohamed , El Ghannam Mohamad Ali , Ammar Ayman Mahmoud , Taha Ahmed Samy , El Kerdany Ahmed Bahig
Published: July 2019

Background: Ablation devices are being utilized in surgical procedures treating atrial fibrillation. Few studies seek to define a cut-off value for left atrial diameter size beyond which risks of procedure outweigh chance of sinus recovery. This study aims to identify a cut-off value for pre-operative left atrial diameter to assess the efficacy of surgical radio-frequency ablation for treatment of chronic atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing mitral valve surgery. Methods: A prospective 6-month follow-up cohort study was done, in which 40 patients were recruited during the period from May 2016 till April 2018. All patients had rheumatic mitral valve disease and permanent atrial fibrillation. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were used to calculate the area under the curve and cut-off value for left atrial diameter. The efficacy of the overall survival time was estimated using the Kaplan‐Meier method. Results: Pre-operatively left atrial diameter of 59 mm was significantly associated with decrease in the possibility of reverting to sinus rhythm after surgery (OR 0.292, p-value = 0.001). The cut-off value for left atrial diameter was 59mm (sensitivity = 93.3%, specificity = 96.1%). Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were 175.07 days (156.3 - 193.9) for patients with left atrial diameter < 59mm and 62.64 days (26.6-98.7) for patients with left atrial diameter > 59mm. Conclusion: In patients undergoing mitral valve, higher degrees of success are associated with smaller left atrial diameter in terms of conservation of the sinus rhythm post operatively.
Hypothermic circulatory arrest with or without antegrade cerebral perfusion for aortic arch surgery in infants
Authors: Fouly Mohamed Abdel
Published: July 2019

Background: Antegrade cerebral perfusion (ACP) minimizes deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) duration during arch surgery in infants, which may impact the outcomes of the repair. We aimed to evaluate the effect of adding antegrade cerebral perfusion to deep hypothermic circulatory arrest on DHCA duration and operative outcomes of different aortic arch operations in infants.

Methods: We retrospectively collected data from infants (<20 weeks old) who underwent aortic arch reconstruction (Norwood operation, arch reconstruction for the hypoplastic arch and interrupted aortic arch) using DHCA alone (n=88) or combined with ACP (n=26). We excluded patients who had concomitant procedures and those with preoperative neurological disability.

Results: There was no difference between groups as regards the age, gender, and the operation performed (p= 0.64; 0.87 and 0.50; respectively). Among the 114 patients, 11 (9.6%) had operative mortality, and 14 (12.3%) had cerebral infarction diagnosed with CT scanning. Adding ACP to DHCA significantly reduced DHCA duration from 50.7 ± 10.6 minutes to 22.4 ± 6.2 minutes (p<0.001) and lowered the mortality (11 vs. 0; p=0.066) and cerebral infarction (13 vs. 1; p=0.18). No statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of ischemic time (p=0.63) or hospital stay duration (p=0.47).

Conclusion: Using ACP appears to reduce the DHCA duration and was associated with better survival and neurological outcomes of aortic arch surgery in infants. A study with longer follow-up to evaluate the long-term neurological sequelae is recommended.
Effective intervention to support oral language skills in English as an additional language in the early years
Authors: Murphy Victoria , Karemaker J. , Sylva K. , Kanji G. , Jelley F.
Published: July 2019

Increasingly, children enter Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) settings with English as an additional language (EAL) and for many of these linguistically diverse children, their knowledge and skills in the English language is less-well developed than native-speaking (NS) peers.  Much research over the past few decades has indicated how important early language and emergent literacy development is within ECEC settings, as children’s skills in these domains underpins later literacy development and academic achievement. Furthermore, many children from linguistically diverse backgrounds tend to have less well-developed vocabulary knowledge and struggle with aspects of literacy later on.  In this paper we present the findings of a Professional Development (PD) intervention study aimed at helping teachers to develop and implement effective strategies that support oral language skills in both EAL and NS pupils. We discuss these findings in relation to two other oral language interventions where the focus was on working directly with pupils. We argue that whereas evidence suggests interventions working directly with pupils can be more effective on improved child language outcomes, we need to focus more energy on developing good PD for Early Years Practitioners to support them in their critical roles in children’s educational development.
Early years’ provision for young children in Wales: history, challenges, and the Welsh language
Authors: Siencyn Siân Wyn
Published: July 2019

The development of Welsh medium early years’ education has been a story of singular success over the last century. With the establishment of the National Assembly in 2000, Wales further forged its own vision for its young children. One of its first priorities, for example, was the Foundation Phase with its radical approach. This paper offers an overview of the historic development of nursery education in Wales, before and post devolution. Welsh language and Wales policies are set in the context of wider influences. Focus will be on Welsh language provision, highlighting the role of Mudiad Meithrin in the language revitalisation process. This paper will consider issues, research and theory relating to early bilingualism and will review approaches to immersion methodology.  Thereafter, the challenges of implementing immersion will be explored and set in the landscape of tensions facing the field of early childhood services in Welsh, and in light of current political and policy developments.
Multilingual environments: benefits for early language learning
Authors: Kirwan Déirdre
Published: July 2019

Since the mid-1990s, Scoil Bhríde (Cailíní), a primary school in the suburbs of Dublin, has experienced an unprecedented increase in the level of linguistic and cultural diversity in its pupil body. This paper explains how, in responding to this new phenomenon, an integrated approach to language learning was developed in the school in cooperation with teachers, pupils and parents. The school’s language policy had two overarching goals:

To ensure that all pupils become proficient in the language of schooling

To exploit the linguistic diversity of the school for the benefit of all pupils

Welcoming the plurilingual repertoires of all learners involves the inclusion of home languages in curriculum delivery, and the classroom procedures that facilitate family involvement are described in the present article. The extent to which all languages of the school community are equally valued in light of this programme are examined, including the Irish language, language awareness, and learner autonomy. Issues arising from this approach to linguistic diversity are discussed in addition to implications for practice, policy and further research.
Language and emotions: a follow-up study of ‘moral allegiances’- the case of Wiktoria
Authors: Machowska-Kosciak Malgorzata
Published: July 2019

This paper is a follow-up study of one Polish immigrant child’s early experience as she is attending different primary schools in Ireland. The focus is on how heritage language socialisation goals affect her goals and identity negotiation through her daily practices as she grows up in multilingual environment and try to find her place in a new country and society.

We set out the theoretical background, methodology, final results from the longitudinal study (four years) involving such student and her family, as she also attends Polish weekend school in addition to her mainstream school. The theoretical and analytical approach combines Ethnography of Communication approach to data collection and field work (participant home and school observations, audio-recordings of child’s interactions with her peers, her teachers and parents, open-ended interviews, samples of her written work) with Discourse Analysis approaches (Duff, 1995; Davis & Harre 1990, Harre & Langenhove, 1999, Ochs & Capps, 2001). A particular focus is placed on positions and stances taken with respect to sociohistorical and cultural norms and values represented by each language and culture including religious practices. When a new language and culture are being socialized, they must inevitably affect individuals’ moral and emotional systems to a great extent. This is because, some unresolved conflicts of cultural allegiances and ambivalence about identity may shake one’s sense of belonging and even slow the learning process. It can impact on the later command of two languages and integration. On the other hand, “comfortable bicultural identity” and “non-ethnocentric views” of people in general, together with a strong aptitude for language learning, proved to be one of the main factors determining success in becoming skilled in two languages and two cultures (Lambert, 1962, in Paulson & Tucker 2006, pp.315-319). Thus, it is often admitted in the Language Socialisation literature that cultural ideologies not only have a profound effect on those who learn a new language, but also influence the learning and further socialisation of their first language and culture. This micro-analysis of language socialisation is contextualized within a more holistic account of the Polish community in Ireland (Singleton, 2007) - a community culturally shaped by, and in turn shaping, wider societal and cultural ideologies, values and power relations.
Languages in Northern Ireland Education: A Brief Overview
Authors: McKendry Eugene
Published: July 2019

This article reviews some relevant aspects of modern foreign language education policy and provision in Northern Ireland, as presented at the conference organised by the Queen’s University of Belfast under the auspices of the Standing Conference on Teacher Education, North and South (SCoTENS)1. It explores some key shifts in uptake and considers the policy implications of such shifts over the past several decades.
Multilingualism, Multi-competence and (Limits to) the Interaction Between Language Systems
Authors: Singleton David
Published: July 2019

This article addresses the proposition that all talk whatsoever of bounds between language-varieties in the mind should be abandoned. This abandonment of boundaries is a standard view in respect of the semantic or conceptual dimensions of language. The tendency does not, however, stop there; being called into question is the whole notion that languages in the mind are bounded entities in any of their aspects. The response offered here to such a position is that language knowledge in the mind is all its aspects, in fact, highly differentiated, and that this differentiation broadly follows the lines recognized by the traditional conception which draws (always, of course, permeable) lines between languages. Evidence is adduced in favour of this latter view from a number of areas, including language loss and recovery, bilingual/multilingual development and communication and the affective dimension of language differentiation.
Examining Character Recognition and Recall Skills of CFL beginner Learners under Four different Approaches
Authors: Osborne Caitríona
Published: July 2019

The following paper presents an action research project investigating four approaches to teaching Chinese as a foreign language (henceforth CFL) to beginner learners in an Irish secondary school over a period of 16 weeks. Around 85 participants were divided into four groups and were taught Chinese via one method of rote memorisation, delayed character introduction, character colour-coding, or a unity curriculum approach respectively. The fourth group acted as a comparative group, and focused on all four skills of reading, writing, speaking, and listening. Participants were taught for two one-hour classes per week and each group covered the same material, including learning 107 Chinese words and their characters. Upon completion of the 16 weeks of teaching, participants were presented with identical recognition and recall tests, whereby higher results in each group reveal effectiveness in a given teaching approach, and provided written feedback detailing their learning experience in the form of a questionnaire. It was found from the questionnaires that all participants felt that learning Chinese was challenging, particularly the characters. While all groups struggled to provide correct answers in the recognition and recall tests, the character colour-coding group coped best in providing the highest percentage of correct answers in both tests. At the same time, all groups agreed that more time spent learning would have allowed for more favourable outcomes. It is hoped that the current study will encourage further research relating to character-teaching methods, with particular reference to using colour, as well as providing some possible guidelines for a future Irish secondary school Chinese language course that is currently in the planning stage. These may include guidelines not only relating to the use of colour when teaching characters, but also in relation to the amount of time spent learning Chinese both inside and outside the classroom.
A Pragmatic Analysis of Requests in Irish English and Russian
Authors: McCarthy Martina Maria
Published: July 2019

This study focuses on contrastive pragmatics in the realization of the speech act of requests in Irish English and Russian in conversational and institutional settings. A quali-quantitative analysis was conducted to investigate how each language differs in realizing requests in each setting and to identify commonalities and differences between them. An original ten-question written discourse completion task (WDCT) was completed by 30 Irish English and 30 Russian native speakers, which generated data of 600 responses. Five units of analysis were coded, and descriptive statistics were used for comparison. Additionally, paradigms concerning politeness theories were used to explain marked differences between the request strategies of the test groups. Overall, the results indicated that Russian speakers make a clear distinction between conversational and institutional settings whereas Irish English speakers generally do not. In addition, high levels of social informality were evidenced by the Irish English speakers across settings while Russian speakers tended to enact identity in line with the context.
The e-lang Project: Towards a Socio-Interactional Approach for Language Teaching and Learning
Authors: Jeanneau Catherine , Ollivier Christian
Published: July 2019

In this theoretical paper, we present an innovative pedagogical approach to language learning and teaching. This approach is based on a dialogical conception of communication and the principle that any human action and communication is determined by the social interactions within which it takes place. On the strength of this approach, we propose an extension of the usual typology of tasks in order to include what we call real-world tasks. The characteristics of this new type of tasks are then specified. Finally, we give a concrete example of a real-world task.
Element Abundances: A New Diagnostic for the Solar Wind
Authors: Laming J. Martin , Vourlidas Angelos , Korendyke Clarence , Chua Damien , Cranmer Steven R. , Ko Yuan-Kuen , Kuroda Natsuha , Provornikova Elena , Raymond John C. , Raouafi Nour-Eddine , Strachan Leonard , Tun-Beltran Samuel , Weberg Micah , Wood Brian E.
Published: July 2019

We examine the different element abundances exhibited by the closed loop solar corona and the slow speed solar wind. Both are subject to the first ionization potential (FIP) effect, the enhancement in coronal abundance of elements with FIP below 10 eV (e.g., Mg, Si, Fe) with respect to high-FIP elements (e.g., O, Ne, Ar), but with subtle differences. Intermediate elements, S, P, and C, with FIP just above 10 eV, behave as high-FIP elements in closed loops, but are fractionated more like low-FIP elements in the solar wind. On the basis of FIP fractionation by the ponderomotive force in the chromosphere, we discuss fractionation scenarios where this difference might originate. Fractionation low in the chromosphere where hydrogen is neutral enhances the S, P, and C abundances. This arises with nonresonant waves, which are ubiquitous in open field regions, and is also stronger with torsional Alfvén waves, as opposed to shear (i.e., planar) waves. We discuss the bearing these findings have on models of interchange reconnection as the source of the slow speed solar wind. The outflowing solar wind must ultimately be a mixture of the plasma in the originally open and closed fields, and the proportions and degree of mixing should depend on details of the reconnection process. We also describe novel diagnostics in ultraviolet and extreme ultraviolet spectroscopy now available with these new insights, with the prospect of investigating slow speed solar wind origins and the contribution of interchange reconnection by remote sensing.
Broad Emission and Absorption Line Outflows in the Quasar SDSS J163345.22+512748.4
Authors: Liu Bo , Zhou Hongyan , Shu Xinwen , Zhang Shaohua , Ji Tuo , Pan Xiang , Jiang Peng
Published: July 2019

We present a detailed study of the optical and near-infrared (NIR) emission and absorption line spectrum of the quasar SDSS J163345.22+512748.4. We discovered on the newly acquired NIR spectrum a highly metastable neutral helium broad absorption line (BAL) He i*
λ10830 with a width of ∼2000 km s−1 and a blueshift of ∼7000 km s−1 in the velocity space. The BAL system is also significantly detected in Mg ii and He i*
λ3889. We estimate a column density of (5.0 ± 1.7) × 1014 cm−2 for the He i*(2 3S) level and infer an ionization parameter of U

A
 = 10−1.9±0.2 for the BAL outflow, assuming that the BAL region is thick enough for a full development of an ionization front. The total column density of the BAL outflow is constrained in the range N
H ∼ 1021–1021.4 cm−2. We also found that the bulk of both Mg ii and UV Fe ii, as well as of Hα broad emission lines (BELs), are blueshifted with a velocity of ∼2200 km s−1 with respect to the quasar systemic redshift. We constrain the blueshifted BEL region to have a covering factor C

f
 ≈ 16%, density n
H ∼ 1010.6–1011.3 cm−3, column density N
H ≳ 1023 cm−2, and ionization parameter U

E
 ∼ 10−2.1–10−1.5. The outflow gas is located at ∼0.1 pc away from the central ionization source, at a scale comparable to the broad-line region. A toy kinetic model has been proposed to reproduce the profile of Mg ii BEL well if a partial obscured axisymmetric geometry of the outflow with a radial velocity as observed from the BALs is assumed.
HALO7D II: The Halo Velocity Ellipsoid and Velocity Anisotropy with Distant Main-sequence Stars
Authors: Cunningham Emily C. , Deason Alis J. , Sanderson Robyn E. , Sohn Sangmo Tony , Anderson Jay , Guhathakurta Puragra , Rockosi Constance M. , van der Marel Roeland P. , Loebman Sarah R. , Wetzel Andrew
Published: July 2019

The Halo Assembly in Lambda Cold Dark Matter: Observations in 7 Dimensions (HALO7D) data set consists of Keck II/DEIMOS spectroscopy and Hubble Space Telescope–measured proper motions of Milky Way halo main-sequence turnoff stars in the CANDELS fields. In this paper, the second in the HALO7D series, we present the proper motions for the HALO7D sample. We discuss our measurement methodology, which makes use of a Bayesian mixture modeling approach for creating the stationary reference frame of distant galaxies. Using the 3D kinematic HALO7D sample, we estimate the parameters of the halo velocity ellipsoid,

, and the velocity anisotropy β. Using the full HALO7D sample, we find

at

kpc. We also estimate the ellipsoid parameters for our sample split into three apparent magnitude bins; the posterior medians for these estimates of β are consistent with one another. Finally, we estimate β in each of the individual HALO7D fields. We find that the velocity anisotropy β can vary from field-to field, which suggests that the halo is not phase-mixed at

. We explore the β variation across the skies of two stellar halos from the Latte suite of FIRE-2 simulations, finding that both simulated galaxies show β variation over a range similar to that of the variation observed across the four HALO7D fields. The accretion histories of the two simulated galaxies result in different β variation patterns; spatially mapping β is thus a way forward in characterizing the accretion history of the Galaxy.
Discovery of Highly Blueshifted Broad Balmer and Metastable Helium Absorption Lines in a Tidal Disruption Event
Authors: Hung T. , Cenko S. B. , Roth Nathaniel , Gezari S. , Veilleux S. , Velzen Sjoert van , Gaskell C. Martin , Foley Ryan J. , Blagorodnova N. , Yan Lin , Graham M. J. , Brown J. S. , Siebert M. R. , Frederick Sara , Ward Charlotte , Gatkine Pradip , Gal-Yam Avishay , Yang Yi , Schulze S. , Dimitriadis G. , Kupfer Thomas , Shupe David L. , Rusholme Ben , Masci Frank J. , Riddle Reed , Soumagnac Maayane T. , Roestel J. van , Dekany Richard
Published: July 2019

We report the discovery of nonstellar hydrogen Balmer and metastable helium absorption lines accompanying a transient, high-velocity (0.05c) broad absorption line (BAL) system in the optical spectra of the tidal disruption event (TDE) AT2018zr (z = 0.071). In the Hubble Space Telescope UV spectra, absorption of high- and low-ionization lines is also present at this velocity, making AT2018zr resemble a low-ionization BALQSO. We conclude that these transient absorption features are more likely to arise in fast outflows produced by the TDE than absorbed by the unbound debris. In accordance with the outflow picture, we are able to reproduce the flat-topped Hα emission in a spherically expanding medium without invoking the typical prescription of an elliptical disk. We also report the appearance of narrow (∼1000 kms−1) N iii
λ4640, He ii
λ4686, Hα, and Hβ emission in the late-time optical spectra of AT2018zr, which may be a result of UV continuum hardening at late times, as observed by Swift. Including AT2018zr, we find a high association rate (three out of four) of BALs in the UV spectra of TDEs. This suggests that outflows may be ubiquitous among TDEs and less sensitive to viewing angle effects compared to QSO outflows.
Properties of Stream Interactions and Their Associated Shocks near 1.52 au: MAVEN Observations
Authors: Huang Hui , Guo Jianpeng , Wang Zehao , Lin Haibo , Zheng Jianchuan , Cui Jun , Xu Xiaojun , Wang Yang , Feng Xueshang , Wei Yong , Wan Weixing
Published: July 2019

The measurements from the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft are analyzed for the basic properties of solar wind stream interaction regions (SIRs) and their associated shocks at 1.52 au, as well as the evolution of SIRs from 1 to 1.52 au. A total of 149 SIRs are identified during the period from 2014 October to 2018 November, and 126 SIRs with high-quality data are selected for this study. The average occurrence rate of SIRs at 1.52 au is 36.3 yr−1, which is comparable to but slightly higher than that (32.4 yr−1) at 1 au, meaning that most SIRs are well formed at 1 au. The average duration of SIRs at 1.52 au is about 37.0 hr, comparable to that at 1 au (36.73 hr), indicating that SIRs have not yet expanded more rapidly as they are convected to 1.52 au. The maximum magnetic field strength and pressure of SIRs decrease significantly from 1 to 1.52 au. The shock association rates of SIRs increase from 20.3% to 33.3% or higher as SIRs evolve from 1 to 1.52 au. The forward shocks tend to occur twice more frequently than the reverse shocks. About 75% of shocks at 1.52 au are quasi-perpendicular shocks. The strength of the shocks becomes weaker and the average shock speed remains almost unchanged from 1 to 1.52 au. These results will help us understand the solar wind conditions at Mars and their potential impact on the Martian space environment.
High Star Formation Rates of Low Eddington Ratio Quasars at z ≳ 6
Authors: Kim Yongjung , Im Myungshin
Published: July 2019

Recent simulation studies suggest that the supermassive black hole (SMBH) growth in the early universe may precede prolonged intense star formation within its host galaxy, rather than quasars appearing after the obscured dusty star formation phase. If so, high-redshift quasars with low Eddington ratios (

) would be found in actively star-forming hosts with a star formation rate (SFR) of >100 M
⊙ yr−1. We present the submillimeter observations of IMS J2204+0112, a faint quasar with a quasar bolometric luminosity of

and a low

of only 0.1 at z ∼ 6, carried out with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). From its submillimeter fluxes, we measure the rest-frame far-infrared (FIR) luminosity of

–

. Interestingly, the derived host galaxy’s SFR is

–

yr−1, an order of magnitude higher than those of the

-matched z ≳ 6 quasars with high

. Similar FIR excesses are also found for five z ≳ 6 low-

quasars (

) in the literature. We show that the overall SFR,

, and

distributions of these and other submillimeter-detected quasars at z ≳ 6 can be explained with the evolutionary track of high-redshift quasars in a simulation study, where low

and high SFR quasars are expected at the end of the SMBH growth. This suggests that the nuclear activities of the low

, high

quasars are on the brink of being turned off, while their host galaxies continue to form the bulk of their stars at SFR >100 M
⊙ yr−1.
Spatial Variation of the Chemical Properties of Massive Star-forming Clumps
Authors: Li Mingyue , Zhou Jianjun , Esimbek Jarken , Quan Donghui , He Yuxin , Li Qiang , Zhu Chunhua
Published: July 2019

We selected 90 massive star-forming clumps with strong N2H+(1−0), HCO+(1−0), HCN(1−0), and HNC(1−0) emission from the Millimetre Astronomy Legacy Team 90 GHz survey. We obtained Herschel data for all 90 sources and NRAO VLA Sky Survey data for 51 of them. We convolved and regridded all images to the same resolution and pixel size and derived the temperature, H2 column density, molecules’ abundances and abundance, and ratios of each pixel. Our analysis yields three main conclusions. First, the abundances of N2H+, HCO+, HCN, and HNC increase when the column density decreases and the temperature increases, with spatial variations in their abundances dominated by changes in the H2 column density. Second, the abundance ratios between N2H+, HCO+, HCN, and HNC also display systemic variations as a function of the column density due to the chemical properties of these molecules. Third, the sources associated with the 20 cm continuum emission can be classified into four types based on the behavior of the abundances of the four molecules considered here as a function of this emission. The variations of the first three types could also be attributed to the variation of the H2 column density.
The rise of Cynometra (Leguminosae) and the fall of Maniltoa: a generic re-circumscription and the addition of 4 new species
Authors: Radosavljevic Aleksandar
Published: July 2019

Cynometra L. is a genus of ca. 85 species of shrubs to large trees. It is amongst the largest genera in the legume subfamily Detarioideae and one of the few with a pantropical distribution. Perhaps due to this wide distribution and high diversity, systematists and taxonomists have struggled with the classification of Cynometra and its close ally, the genus Maniltoa Scheff. Recent phylogenetic studies have shown that many of the African species are more closely related to other genera and that the genus Maniltoa is nested within a clade of Indo-Pacific Cynometra. Here, I present an emended circumscription of Cynometra that excludes the African species defined by jointed pedicels and dehiscent fruits and includes the species formerly recognised in Maniltoa. New combinations in Cynometra are also provided for those species that require them. Additionally, four new species of Neotropical Cynometra are described and illustrated: Cynometracerebriformissp. nov. from the lower Rio Trombetas in Brazil; Cynometradwyeriisp. nov. from the Darien gap region of Panama; C.tumbesianasp. nov. from the dry tropical forests of Ecuador and Peru; and C.steyermarkiisp. nov. from the foothills of the western Cordillera de la Costa in Venezuela.
Insights into the morphology and molecular characterisation of glacial relict Eurytemora lacustris (Poppe, 1887) (Crustacea, Copepoda, Calanoida, Temoridae)
Authors: Sługocki Łukasz , Rymaszewska Anna , Kirczuk Lucyna
Published: July 2019

Eurytemoralacustris (Poppe, 1887) is a stenothermic glacial relict whose narrow environmental requirements make it an indicator species for good ecological conditions. The primary threats to this species are eutrophication and global warming. Many authors have described E.lacustris in taxonomic keys; however, its morphological description is unsatisfactory. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to review morphological characteristics of E.lacustris that were previously undescribed in the literature and to provide the molecular characteristics based on the two conservative mitochondrial genes: cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and cytochrome b (cytb). The new record of E.lacustris indicates that it is a more widespread species than previously hypothesized. Width-to-length ratio of the last female endopod segment of legs indicates variation among the widely distributed species of the genus in Europe (i.e., E.lacustris, E.velox (Lilljeborg, 1853), and E.affinis (Poppe, 1880)). We also found variability of number of setae on the second segment of male endopod. Furthermore, our analysis confirms the occurrence of species in different than exclusively freshwater habitats.
A new genus and two new species of miniature clingfishes from temperate southern Australia (Teleostei, Gobiesocidae)
Authors: Conway Kevin W. , Moore Glenn I. , Summers Adam P.
Published: July 2019

A new genus and two new species of miniature clingfishes are described based on specimens collected from dense stands of macroalgae in intertidal and shallow subtidal areas along the coast of southern Australia. The new genus, Barryichthys, is distinguished from other genera of the Gobiesocidae by unique features of the adhesive disc, including elongate papillae in adhesive disc regions A and B, the reduction and/or loss of several elements of the cephalic lateral line canals, the lower gill arch skeleton, and the neurocranium, and by having two distinct types of pectoral-fin rays. Barryichthyshutchinsi is described based on 19 specimens (12.4–18.7 mm SL) from Western Australia and South Australia. Barryichthysalgicola is described based on 22 specimens (9.0–21.0 mm SL) from Victoria, New South Wales and Tasmania. The new species are distinguished from each other by characters of body and head shape, vertebral counts, and aspects of live colour pattern. The new genus shares several characters in common with Parvicrepis, another genus of miniature gobiesocids from southern Australia that also inhabits macroalgae habitats. The many reductions and novel characters of Barryichthys are discussed within the context of miniaturisation.
Immune-related Adverse Events Associated with Cancer Immunotherapy: A Review for the Practicing Rheumatologist
Authors: Jamal Shahin , Hudson Marie , Fifi-Mah Aurore , Ye Carrie
Published: July 2019

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized cancer therapy by blocking inhibitory pathways of the immune system to fight cancer cells. Their use is often limited by the development of autoimmune toxicities, which can affect multiple organ systems and are referred to as immune-related adverse events (irAE). Among these are rheumatologic irAE, including inflammatory arthritis, myositis, vasculitis, and others. Rheumatologic irAE seem to be different from irAE in other organs and from traditional autoimmune diseases in that they can occur early or have delayed onset, and can persist chronically, even after cancer therapy is terminated. Because immune checkpoint inhibitors are increasingly used for many types of cancer, it is important for oncologists and rheumatologists to recognize and manage toxicities early. In this review, we discuss currently approved immune checkpoint inhibitors and their mechanisms of action and systemic toxicities, with a focus on the management and effect on further cancer therapy of rheumatic irAE.
Outcome Monitoring and Clinical Decision Support in Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Buckley Lisa , Ware Eileen , Kreher Genna , Wiater Lisa , Mehta Jay , Burnham Jon M.
Published: July 2019

Objective.

Inconsistent assessment and treatment may impair juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) outcomes. We aimed to improve polyarticular JIA (rheumatoid factor–positive and –negative) outcomes by standardizing point-of-care disease activity monitoring and implementing clinical decision support (CDS) to reduce treatment variation.

Methods.

We performed a quality improvement initiative in an outpatient pediatric rheumatology practice. The interventions, implemented from April to November 2016, included standardized disease activity measurement, disease activity target review, and phased introduction of polyarticular JIA CDS to guide medication selection, dosing, treatment duration, and tapering. Process measures included visit-level target attestation (goal: 50%) and CDS use (goal: 15%). Our goal was to reduce the polyarticular JIA clinical Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score (cJADAS-10) by at least 10%. Included patients had at least 2 visits from April 2016 through July 2017, and were classified as having early (≤ 6 mos) or established disease (> 6 mos).

Results.

Patients with polyarticular JIA (n = 97; 81% established disease) were observed for 10.3 months (interquartile range: 6.4–12.3). Target attestation and CDS use occurred in a mean of 77% and 45% of polyarticular JIA visits, respectively. The median cJADAS-10 decreased significantly in both early (16.5 to 2.7, p < 0.001) and established polyarticular JIA (2.1 to 1.0, p = 0.01). A high proportion of patients with early disease received biologic therapy (73.7%). In established disease, although prescription of nonbiologic and biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs remained similar overall, adalimumab prescribing increased (12.8% to 23.1%, p = 0.008).

Conclusion.

Implementation of structured disease activity monitoring and CDS in polyarticular JIA was associated with significant reductions in disease activity scores in both early and established disease.
La menace militaire russe : une évaluation
Authors: Facon Isabelle
Published: July 2019

La notion de « menace militaire russe » s’installe dans le débat stratégique européen et euro-atlantique à partir de 2014. Y a contribué fortement le fait que, par ses agissements en Ukraine, la Russie a défié l’ordre international issu de la Guerre froide et de l’après-Guerre froide, en en violant différents principes et accords. Sa forte activité militaire dans l’espace européen et son intervention militaire en Syrie enracinent les inquiétudes des pays occidentaux. Dans le contexte extrêmement tendu qui en découle, il convient de s’en tenir à une évaluation rigoureuse de l’état de l’armée russe (forces, faiblesses), mais aussi à une analyse froide de la manière dont les outils militaires s’inscrivent dans la stratégie générale de Moscou. De fait, la notion de menace, au-delà d’un état capacitaire qu’il faut mesurer aussi objectivement que possible, suppose également une analyse des perceptions et des intentions réciproques, indispensable pour mieux cerner les implications de l’affirmation du hard power russe sur la scène internationale.
Les inflexions de la politique étrangère des pays d’Europe centrale et orientale après la crise en Ukraine
Authors: Tulmets Elsa
Published: July 2019

Cette analyse porte sur l’impact de la crise ukrainienne de 2014 sur la politique étrangère des pays d’Europe centrale et orientale (PECO), membres de l’Union européenne (UE) et de l’Organisation du traité de l’Atlantique Nord (OTAN). Dans une approche constructiviste sociologique, elle s’intéresse avant tout à la question du changement et des continuités dans les discours de politique étrangère, mais se penche également sur les initiatives concrètes de politique étrangère développées dans les pays concernés par la Politique européenne de voisinage (politique vers l’Est et Partenariat oriental). Elle s’interroge notamment sur le fait de savoir si ces nouvelles initiatives ont été adoptées en réaction à la crise en Ukraine de 2014. L’argument principal de cette analyse consiste à montrer que les processus de réformes de politique étrangère ont souvent été initiés bien avant ces événements et que leur intensité oscille au gré des priorités de politique étrangère des partis politiques au pouvoir.
Faut-il bâtir une nouvelle architecture de sécurité en Europe ?
Authors: Yakovleff Michel
Published: July 2019

Pour séduisante qu’elle paraisse, l’idée d’une architecture de sécurité en Europe semble stérile, voire contre-productive. Sans présupposé de confiance réciproque, il n’y a pas de sécurité réelle et l’existence, ou non, d’une architecture s’avère vide de sens.
Les succès et les échecs du Partenariat oriental : dépasser les idées reçues
Authors: Popescu Nicu , Dignat Étienne , Marangé Céline
Published: July 2019

La guerre en Ukraine et la recrudescence des tensions avec la Russie ont posé la question de savoir si la Politique européenne de voisinage n’avait pas échoué. Les réponses tranchées ne rendent pas compte de la complexité de la région. L’approche européenne a fonctionné dans certains pays et échoué dans d’autres ; elle a produit des résultats dans certains domaines et pas dans d’autres. Cet article se propose de cartographier les succès et les échecs de la Politique européenne de voisinage. Le bilan est plutôt positif pour ce qui concerne les échanges et la libéralisation des visas. Il est plus mitigé pour ce qui concerne la lutte contre la corruption et la sécurité régionale. La Russie décrit volontiers la militarisation de sa politique régionale comme une réponse opposée au Partenariat oriental, à l’élargissement de l’OTAN et aux interventions militaires occidentales au Kosovo, en Irak, en Libye et en Syrie. Toutefois, l’examen des faits suggère une autre dynamique : les actions militaires russes ont pris de l’ampleur alors même que les pays occidentaux devenaient moins interventionnistes et que l’OTAN renonçait de facto à tout nouvel élargissement après la guerre russo-géorgienne d’août 2008.
La réintégration politique du Donbass en Ukraine est-elle vouée à l’échec ?
Authors: Shukan Ioulia
Published: July 2019

Le texte apporte un éclairage sur les obstacles politiques à une réintégration du Donbass dans l’Ukraine d’après les accords de Minsk II à partir de l’examen des positions défendues à ce sujet par les principaux acteurs ukrainiens : le président Porochenko, les partis représentés au Parlement, la Rada suprême, des citoyens et des groupes d’anciens combattants.
Les enjeux énergétiques de l’annexion de la Crimée
Authors: Mazzucchi Nicolas
Published: July 2019

L’annexion de la Crimée en mars 2014 par la Russie répondait, pour Moscou, à divers impératifs stratégiques. Parmi ceux-ci, la question énergétique apparaissait de prime abord très secondaire. Toutefois cette annexion a eu des conséquences en cascades à trois niveaux. Pour l’Ukraine, elle ampute le pays d’une partie non négligeable de ses ressources gazières off-shore , en plein développement à ce moment-là. Pour la Russie, elle oblige Moscou à créer un nouveau lien énergétique entre la Russie continentale et la péninsule de Crimée, nouvel arrimage de cette dernière au territoire russe. Enfin, au niveau international, elle obère les projets de gazoducs trans-mer Noire portés par la Commission européenne, tout en favorisant ceux de la Russie.
La France peut-elle compter sur l’Allemagne en cas de besoin de projection de force ?
Authors: Borzillo Laurent
Published: July 2019

Résumé L'objectif de l'article basé sur des entretiens et de l'observation participante (au sein de la commission défense du Bundestag ) est de mettre en lumière la fragilité des engagements allemands à venir en termes de participation à des opérations extérieures à travers l'analyse du processus d'élaboration du Livre blanc de la défense de 2016. L'étude de celui-ci met en exergue l'influence des institutions formelles et informelles dans la politique de défense allemande, et minore les attentes vis-à-vis de Berlin en cas de besoin de projection de force à court/moyen terme.
La politique du « flexilatéralisme » : le cas de la politique française d’armement dans le contexte du Brexit
Authors: Faure Samuel B. H.
Published: July 2019

Résumé Quels sont les types de coopération internationale utilisés par l'État pour acquérir des armements et comment les articuler conceptuellement ? Cet article développe le concept du « flexilatéralisme ». Ce néologisme définit la politique par laquelle un État mobilise simultanément différents types de coopération internationale pour répondre à un problème public comme l'acquisition d'armements. La politique du flexilatéralisme ou « flexilatérale » d'un État est opérationnalisée en révélant les différents types de coopération internationale qui le constituent et qui sont qualifiés des « variétés de l'internationalisme ». Les variétés de l'internationalisme se situent à deux échelles, européenne et transatlantique, et prennent quatre formes : l'unilatéralisme (pas de coopération), le bilatéralisme (coopération entre deux États), le minilatéralisme (coopération entre un groupe d'États exclusif) et le multilatéralisme (coopération entre un groupe d'États inclusif). Au-delà de la littérature ayant trait à la politique d'armement en Europe, le concept du flexilatéralisme contribue, sous l'angle des relations internationales, à celles portant sur l'intégration différenciée et la désintégration de l'UE d'une part, et à celles ayant trait aux variétés du militarisme libéral et du capitalisme industriel de la défense d'autre part. Le concept du flexilatéralisme est illustré par l'élaboration de la politique d'armement de la France, dans le contexte des négociations sur le Brexit.
Localismes et connexions transnationales de l’islam djihadiste : les groupes de support à l’organisation État Islamique à Banten, Indonésie
Authors: Salim Habaib
Published: July 2019

Résumé Cet article vise à identifier les groupes de support à l'organisation État islamique à Banten, en Indonésie. Le militantisme et l'activisme radical y sont façonnés par des structures historiques héritières de lignées impliquées dans la lutte anticoloniale dès la dissolution du sultanat de Banten en 1813. Après la révolution nationale en 1949, les représentants de ces lignées se sont regroupés autour de projets divers sous la houlette de l'organisation Terre d'Islam (Darul Islam, DI), selon une implication hétérogène dans l'activisme violent. Les sympathisants du DI continuent aujourd'hui de dominer l'univers militant radical islamique, mais plusieurs filières djihadistes indiquent également la combinaison de structures anciennes d'orientation moderniste et salafiste djihadiste, de mouvements de prédication auprès des étudiants et de réseaux militants et humanitaires.
La recomposition des enjeux stratégiques en Arctique
Authors: Pic Pauline
Published: July 2019

Résumé Le discours médiatique invoquant une région arctique instable où serait à l' uvre une nouvelle guerre froide est fréquent. Pourtant, un rapide retour historique montre que la région est relativement stabilisée et que c'est la coopération qui prévaut. Les préoccupations sécuritaires traditionnelles restent ainsi relativement limitées. Mais la région connaît des mutations rapides et importantes, aux conséquences encore mal connues, et qui posent la question de la prise en compte de l'incertitude dans les politiques de sécurité et de défense en arctique : c'est ce que ce travail propose d'analyser.