bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revisão Sistemática sobre Letramento Digital na Formação de Professores: desafios e possibilidades
Authors: Costa Carine Rodrigues da , Ferreira Rousejanny Da Silva
Published: November 2020

Esta Revisão Sistemática da Literatura (RSL) investigou pesquisas desenvolvidas nos últimos cinco anos (2015 a 2019) no Brasil a respeito das tecnologias e metodologias de ensino utilizadas para formação de docentes em letramento digital. Foram achados 85 trabalhos e selecionados somente oito para análise. As principais tecnologias encontradas foram uso de links, imagens, áudios, vídeos, redes sociais e aplicativos para dispositivos móveis. As metodologias de ensino mais utilizadas foram B-learning e M-learning. Concluiu-se que a união de metodologias de ensino e tecnologias aplicadas na formação em letramento digital para os docentes, podem refletir no sucesso do aprendizado e motivação para que os professores apliquem em sua rotina diária.
Jogos Educacionais Digitais como Ferramentas de Apoio à Capacitação Discente na Identificação de Fake News Escritas em Língua Portuguesa: Um Estudo de Caso
Authors: Passos Claudio A. , Silva Flávio R. M. , Souza Isabel F. , Freire Paulo M. S. , Goldschmidt Ronaldo R.
Published: November 2020

O problema das fake news tem preocupado os mais diversos segmentos sociais. Uma das estratégias para combater essas notícias é capacitar pessoas para identificá-las. Embora existam iniciativas em que tal capacitação é apoiada por jogos educacionais digitais (JED), os JED utilizados não dispõem de notícias escritas em Língua Portuguesa. Para suprir esta lacuna, o presente artigo propõe uma versão do "Jogo da Trilha'' que exercita a identificação de fake news escritas em Português, além de oferecer suporte para mineração de dados sobre o desempenho de seus jogadores. Um estudo de caso com quarenta e três alunos de ensino médio revelou evidências de que o JED proposto contribuiu para a capacitação discente na identificação de fake news.
Elaboração de um conjunto de métricas de qualidade para avaliação de experiências de aprendizagem com realidade aumentada
Authors: Carraro Julio Augusto da Rosa , Dahlke Spredemann Fabiola Augusta , Pozzebon Eliane , Mazon Josete , Franceschet de Sousa Iane , Costa Alexandre Marino
Published: November 2020

O presente artigo objetiva apresentar a elaboração de um conjunto de métricas para a avaliação da qualidade das aplicações de realidade aumentada relacionadas à educação. A partir do método Goal Question Metric, foram desenvolvidas 8 classes de métricas e posteriormente aplicadas em um projeto de desenvolvimento de realidade aumentada. As métricas consideradas foram efetivas no mapeamento de problemas no processo de desenvolvimento, facilitando assim os procedimentos de correção e adaptação. Consequentemente, a utilização de métricas adequadas possibilitou um maior controle da qualidade das aplicações, gerando experiências compatíveis com seus objetivos.
Kalinin II: relato de experiência de um Escape Room aplicado no ambiente educacional
Authors: Costa Guilherme S. , Barbosa Ramon C. , Costa Átila M. , Bertagnolli Silvia C. , Franco Márcia Häfele Islabão , Schmitt Marcelo A. R. , Okuyama Fábio Y.
Published: November 2020

Este artigo apresenta um relato de experiência que utilizou como estratégia de aprendizagem o estilo de jogo escape room. Toda a elaboração do jogo baseou-se no framework EscapED, o qual sistematiza um conjunto de elementos que viabilizam o desenvolvimento deste tipo de jogo no contexto educacional. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados foram a pesquisa bibliográfica e estudo de caso. A coleta de dados foi conduzida a partir de uma adaptação do modelo Meega+, o qual foi usado para avaliação da experiência. Os resultados, identificados foram promissores, o que amplia a perspectiva para novos estudos utilizando esse estilo de jogo no ambiente educacional.
The Use of Immersive Virtual Reality for Vocabulary Acquisition: a Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Palmeira Eduardo Gabriel Queiroz , Martin Victor Biagiotti Saint , Gonçalves Victor Barbosa , Moraes Ígor Andrade , Lamounier Júnior Edgard Afonso , Cardoso Alexandre
Published: November 2020

Many teachers consider vocabulary acquisition a low intellectual activity. However, substantial time is needed for teachers and learners, in this subject, since there are vast numbers of words to be learned. In this context, it is expected that vocabulary acquisition assisted by Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) can be a powerful learning method. Therefore, this paper aims to summarize the state-of-the-art concerning the use of IVR in vocabulary acquisition through a systematic literature review. Results pointed out that IVR enables autonomous learning with an increase in the speed of the educational process, and its use has shown higher effectiveness, positive attitudes, engagement, and motivation on the part of students.
Assessment Gamification with Fhoment Methodology: An Action Research Based Case Study
Authors: Ecar Miguel , Da Silva João Pablo Silva
Published: November 2020

Gamification has been one of the most popular modern strategies in high education. It is used in different approaches, and several goals. Gamification can be used to stimulate learning, and obtain knowledge by side effect, while playing. Students assessment is a topic that that divides opinions. At the same time there must be an evaluation strategy, there is no a specific one that may be said completely fair. Several problems may impact in the student assessment score, with no directly relation to knowledge. In order to reach this problem, we propose Free Choice to Obtain Assessment Benefit (Fhoment) Methodology. Fhoment is a methodology that offers assessment benefits in exchange of currencies, obtained through assignments. We Applied Fhoment Methodology in 2 under graduation courses. Results shows good acceptance from students, better students involvement and significant impact on assessment results.
Levantamento do Estado da Arte sobre Aprendizagem baseada em Problemas na Educação a Distância e Híbrida
Authors: Alves Marcia De Oliveira , Medeiros Francisco Petrônio A. , Melo Lafayette B.
Published: November 2020

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma ampla revisão sistemática da literatura (RSL) sobre a adoção da metodologia Aprendizagem baseada em Problemas (ABP) na Educação a Distância e Híbrida (EaDH). Foram analisados os estudos primários dos anos de 2008 a 2019 com o objetivo de refletir sobre como as principais etapas dessa metodologia estão sendo aplicadas na EaDH, quais os Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem (AVA) e ferramentas mais utilizados, bem como os principais impactos da aplicação da metodologia ABP na EaDH. Um total de 633 estudos foram indexados a partir da string de busca, dos quais 77 foram analisados para responder às questões de pesquisa com base nos critérios de exclusão. Algumas conclusões foram que para 75% dos estudos analisados, as pesquisas e experiências de ABP apresentadas não estão vinculados a um AVA e que há na literatura poucas iniciativas de ferramentas integradas ou não aos AVAs que sejam específicas ao planejamento, execução ou avaliação de ABP.
Percepções de Alunos de Graduação sobre Gênero em Ciência da Computação
Authors: Silva Uyara F. , Ferreira Deller J. , Ambrósio Ana Paula L. , Oliveira João L. S.
Published: November 2020

Ambientes de cursos superiores, na área de computação, possuem vários problemas enfrentados por estudantes do sexo feminino. Neste artigo foram investigadas as percepções dos alunos sobre estes problemas, onde foram coletados relatos sobre fatos desagradáveis que aconteceram com os alunos assim como outros dados. Um questionário online foi respondido por 300 estudantes de graduação de cursos de computação de 23 instituições do Brasil. Os dados coletados foram analisados por métodos estatísticos e qualitativos. Os resultados mostram que a maioria dos estudantes de ambos os sexos têm um baixo sentimento de pertencimento e também que os homens carregam parte dos problemas. No entanto, as meninas sofrem mais com discriminação e estereótipo de gênero que os meninos.
Ferramentas Assistivas no Ensino e Aprendizagem de Pessoas com Síndrome de Down: Um Mapeamento Sistemático
Authors: Gonçalves Rodrigo Feitosa , Cardoso Jéssica Farias , Amorim Rainer Xavier de , Passos Odette Mestrinho
Published: November 2020

Ensinar crianças com síndrome de down (SD) demanda o uso de métodos e ferramentas diferenciadas, ocasionado por dificuldades cognitivas, social e na linguagem desses indivíduos. Diante disso, este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar as principais ferramentas assistivas que fornecem apoio ao ensino e aprendizagem de pessoas com SD, adotando para isso, uma metodologia de pesquisa fundamentada nos princípios da Engenharia de Software Experimental, que se baseia na condução de um estudo secundário: o Mapeamento Sistemático. Como resultado foram identificas 10 ferramentas assistivas, sendo a maioria contextualizada para o auxílio da alfabetização e 3 abordagens pedagógicas, aplicadas em 30% das ferramentas mapeadas.
Design e Avaliação de um Jogo Educacional Web Inclusivo Multidispositivo e Customizável seguindo o conjunto EduGameAccess-M
Authors: Otsuka Joice Lee , Reis Ana Paula de Sousa , Santos Caio Vinicius B. , Querobim Jhonata Nícolas C. , Sabino Mariana Z. , Beder Delano M.
Published: November 2020

Este artigo apresenta o processo de design, implementação e avaliação da Forca Inclusiva, um jogo educacional de conteúdo customizável, projetado para incluir pessoas com deficiência visual. O processo de design foi norteado pelo conjunto de recomendações EduGameAccess-M, que integra aspectos educacionais, de jogabilidade e de acessibilidade para pessoas com deficiência visual em jogos para diferentes dispositivos. O objetivo da pesquisa foi investigar a efetividade do referido conjunto de recomendações no design e avaliação de um jogo educacional web inclusivo, em versões para dispositivos desktop e móveis. Os resultados iniciais obtidos indicam que o conjunto foi efetivo no apoio ao desenvolvimento do jogo em questão. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido no escopo do projeto de pesquisa: Jogos e a Inclusão na Educação (Edital de Inovação CAPES - 42/2017).
Die Figur des Opfers und ihre Transformation im politischen Diskurs der Gegenwart
Authors:   Knobloch
Published: November 2020

Traditionell sind die Angehörigen anerkannter unschuldiger Opfergruppen Objekte gesellschaftlicher und staatlicher Mildtätigkeit. In den vergangenen Jahrzehnten erleben wir eine Transformation des öffentlichen Opferstatus dergestalt, dass verschiedene gesellschaftliche Akteure (nicht nur die Opfer selbst) den Einsatz und die Aufmerksamkeit für Opfergruppen zur Selbstlegitimation und zum Aufbau eines moralischen Images verwenden. Am Beispiel exemplarischer Kämpfe um die Opferrolle untersucht der Beitrag ein zentrales Feld öffentlicher Moralkommunikation.
Europäische Arbeitsmarktpolitik nach der Krise
Authors: Schmid Günther , Schroeder Wolfgang
Published: November 2020

Die Entwicklung der Arbeitsmarktpolitik auf europäischer Ebene hat durch die Krisen der letzten Jahre immer wieder neue Impulse erhalten, die als Lernprozesse charakterisiert werden können. Mit den Initiativen für eine europäische Arbeitslosenversicherung, für ein europäisches Mindestlohnniveau und gegen Jugendarbeitslosigkeit ist die EU im Bereich der Arbeitsmarktpolitik mittlerweile ein Akteur, der die nationalen Aktivtäten zu ergänzen und zu unterstützen versucht. Die Covid-19-Krise könnte ein Gelegenheitsfenster sein, den Europäischen Sozialfonds um bestimmte Elemente der Arbeitsversicherung weiter zu entwickeln. Das Ziel sollte nicht nur darin bestehen, in europäischer Solidarität auf zyklische Krisen des Arbeitsmarkts zu reagieren, sondern auch die nationalen Kapazitäten zu stärken, um Einkommensrisiken im gesamten Erwerbsverlauf abzusichern.
Check-up für den Dauerbetrieb
Authors: Endres Johannes , Branscheid Dietrich
Published: November 2020

Die Corona-Krise hat eine schnelle Reaktion aller Unternehmen erfordert, um handlungsfähig zu bleiben. Nun ist es aber hohe Zeit, sich an gesetzliche Regeln und betrieblich geforderte Vorkehrungen zum Datenschutz zu erinnern.
Vier Lehren aus Corona
Authors: Fischer Kai
Published: November 2020

Die Corona-Pandemie hat vieles geändert. Auch beim Fundraising müssen Konzepte überarbeitet und neue Antworten gefunden werden, meint Dr. Kai Fischer von Mission-Based Consulting und er hält dafür vier Erkenntnisse bereit: Solidarität funktioniert; Beziehungen sind entscheidend; auf die »richtigen« Spender kommt es an; Kommunikation auch im Fundraising digitalisieren.
Association Between Cortical Thickness and Childhood Body Mass Index: Role of Race and Income
Authors: Assari Shervin
Published: November 2020

Background: There is mixed literature on the association between cerebral cortex morphometry and body mass index (BMI), with only some but not all studies documenting an inverse association between cortical thickness (CT) and BMI. As the association between CT and BMI is inconsistent in the literature, we propose that racial and socioeconomic status (SES) differences may exist in this regard. Objectives: We borrowed the adolescent brain cognitive development (ABCD) data to investigate racial and SES differences in CT and childhood BMI associations. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 10,185 children between ages 9 and 10. Mixed-effects regression was used to analyze the data. The independent variable was CT measured using structural MRI. The dependent variable was BMI treated as a continuous variable. Covariates included ethnicity, sex, age, family structure, parental education, and intracranial volume. Race (White, Black, Asian, and Other/mixed) and household income levels (< 50 k, 50 - 100 k, and 100 + k) were the effect modifiers. Results: High CT was predictive of lower BMI (b for main effect of CT on BMI = -3.134; P < 0.001). However, the inverse association between CT and BMI was stronger in Black than White (b for interaction between race and CT = -2.39; P = 0.01255), and low-income than high-income children (b for interaction between income 50 - 100 k = 1.86; P = 0.02906; for interaction between income 100 + k b = 3.77; P < 0.001). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that although high CT is associated with lower BMI in children, this association varies across racial and SES groups. More research is needed on obesogenic environments’ role in altering the salience of cerebral cortex morphometry as a risk factor for high BMI.
It’s My Generation, Baby! How Different Are (New) Parties in Slovakia in Terms of Descriptive Representation?
Authors: Bakke Elisabeth
Published: November 2020

Party systems all over Europe are becoming more unstable, as new parties win representation. Many of these parties have few members and little or no presence ‘on the ground’ and they tend to present themselves as an alternative to the old, corrupt, and/or incompetent elites. But are they really? In this article I investigate how the parliamentary elites of new parties differ from the elites of more established parties, using the 2020 election as a point of departure. Slovakia is a particularly interesting case, because since 1992, at least one new party has entered parliament in every election bar one. I find that new and/or populist parties are not necessarily much more representative, but most of them do represent an alternative to the established elite in some respect. Strikingly, genuinely new parties not only have younger legislators, but also literally represent a new generation: the generation of the party leader. However, as new parties grow older, so do their parliamentary elites. In leadership-dominated parties the composition of the party leader’s inner circle clearly matters for candidate selection and hence, for the social bias of the parliamentary elite. Finally, the idiosyncratic nomination practice of OĽaNO, the new prime minister’s party, is part of the reason for the party’s relative social pluralism, as well as for high turnover, ideological diversity and low party loyalty.
Crimmigration and the Ethics of Migration
Authors: Mendoza José Jorge ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: November 2020

David Miller’s defense of a state’s presumptive right to exclude non-refugee immigrants rests on two key distinctions. The first is that immigration controls are “preventative” and not “coercive.” In other words, when a state enforces its immigration policy it does not coerce noncitizens into doing something as much as it prevents them from doing a very specific thing (e.g., not entering or remaining within the state), while leaving other options open. Second, he makes a distinction between “denying” people their human rights and “deterring” people from exercising their human rights. On this view, when those assigned to protect or fulfil human rights are also tasked with performing immigration enforcement duties, undocumented immigrants are not being denied their human rights, even when this deters them from exercising those rights. In this article, I argue that Miller’s two distinctions have an implication that he might not have foreseen. Specifically, I argue that these distinctions provide ideological cover for what has come to be known as “crimmigration” and that we have strong reasons for wanting our theory of immigration justice to reject this, even when doing so leaves open the possibility for an indirect open-borders argument.
Point-of-Care Testing in Rural and Remote Settings to Improve Access and Improve Outcomes: A Snapshot of the New Zealand Experience
Authors: Herd Geoffrey C. E. , Musaad Samarina M. A.
Published: November 2020

Context.—

Three key guiding principles of rural and remote clinical services are to improve health access, improve outcomes, and reduce inequity. In New Zealand, as in other countries, point-of-care testing and technologies can assist in clinical decision-making for acute and chronic conditions and can help to achieve these key health principles for people living in rural and remote locations. This report is a companion article to the other point-of-care testing topics in this special section in this journal.

Objective.—

To provide readers with insights into where and how point-of-care testing devices and tests can be implemented to improve outcomes in New Zealand settings without on-site pathology laboratory support. The settings in which point-of-care testing devices are used, and the success stories associated with these initiatives, include general practices, pharmacies, workplaces, rural hospitals, and sexual health clinics.

Data Sources.—

The information is extracted from published literature and also first-hand experience in remote and rural New Zealand settings. This report also outlines the regulatory and accreditation challenges relating to point-of-care testing devices in New Zealand and includes advice on the selection of devices, training, and ongoing quality assurance for this type of medical testing in remote locations.

Conclusions.—

Point-of-care testing in rural remote settings without laboratory support can be challenging and rewarding for clinicians. It is now, and will be in the future, an even more important component of the health system to improve outcomes and reduce inequity.
Barriers that SMEs in the Western Balkans are facing in accessing the supply chains: A binary logistic regression approach
Authors: Popović-Pantić Sanja , Semenčenko Dušica , Vasilić Nikola
Published: November 2020

The inclusion of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the supply chains is broadly used to leverage the internationalisation of operations of the companies. SMEs in the Western Balkans make up for a vast majority of the companies and tend to be better integrated into the EU and global market. The supply chains enable SMEs to raise their innovativeness and performance. However, large corporations also find mutual benefits in the integration of SMEs into their supply chains. Large supply chains have recently introduced a new approach towards the inclusion of SMEs as a part of their CSR and sustainability strategy. In this paper, we observe the state of play in accessing the supply chains in three non-EU Western Balkan countries, namely Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro, as well as in Croatia as the only EU member state from the observed region. It seems that, regardless of the current status of the EU accession process, the observed SMEs are facing the same challenges in accessing the supply chains. Therefore, our research has two goals: 1) to determine whether and in what way the perception of the importance of different barriers affects inclusion in the supply chains, and 2) to determine whether the different-sized companies perceive differently the importance of individual barriers to inclusion in the supply chains. The results have shown that there are no significant differences in the perception of the importance of barriers to inclusion in the supply chains between companies of different sizes. Also, the length of receivables collection period and inadequate and incomplete information on the requirements for participation negatively affect the inclusion of SMEs in the supply chains.
Analysis of the financial account of the Republic of Serbia in the period from 2010-2018
Authors: Bakić Sanja
Published: November 2020

A country's balance of payments represents transactions between one country and the rest of the world. The subject of the research is the analysis of the period from 2010 to 2018 and the presentation of the impact of positions of goods, services, primary income and personal transfers on the current account of the balance of payments, as well as covering current balance positions through capital. The aim of the research in this paper is to examine the importance of opening the borders of the Republic of Serbia and enabling the entry of foreign investors. The expected results of the research should indicate the way to reduce the current account deficit, the balance of payments itself, as well as the economic development and stability of the country.
Resocialization and enterpreneurial initiative of employed convicted persons in penitentiary institutions in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina
Authors: Brljak Zoran , Penezić Nenad , Bobić Aco
Published: November 2020

The research in this paper focuses on the level of resocialization and entrepreneurial initiative of working convicts in penitentiary institutions, with a goal to point out how the expressed entrepreneurial initiative during the execution of a sentence can serve as a basis for employment and easier resocialization after release from prison. With a view to this fact, the aim of the research is to determine the differences in the level of resocialization and entrepreneurial initiative according to the work engagement of convicts. The sample consists of 286 randomly surveyed convicts from penitentiary institutions on the territory of AP Vojvodina. Data were collected and analyzed using the category of frequency to show the socio-demographic characteristics of convicts and the method of cross-tabulation to determine the differences in the level of resocialization and entrepreneurial initiative according to the work capacity of convicts. The results indicate that convicts who are employed more often have a higher level of pronounced resocialization compared to convicts who are not employed. Also, it was determined that working convicts have a higher level of entrepreneurial initiative, i.e. employed convicts exhibit higher level of readiness for additional engagement in order to improve living and working conditions in the institution, higher level of readiness for additional engagement in order to obtain a better classification in group and higher level of readiness for further education and professional training, compared to nonworking convicts engaged in the institution. The implications of the research indicate that it is necessary for employees to work more in correctional institutions, in terms of attending education and training programs for acquiring entrepreneurial knowledge and skills, which will lead to better prospects for social and work resocialization after leaving the penitentiary institution.
Political Scientist as a Historian
Authors: Berndtson Erkki
Published: November 2020

Symposium “Personal Encounters with Serendipities”
Serendipity in Writing the Lives of Scientists
Authors: Düppe Till
Published: November 2020

Symposium “Personal Encounters with Serendipities”
A Journey to the History of the Interview
Authors: Lee Raymond M.
Published: November 2020

Symposium “Personal Encounters with Serendipities”
Kaesler: Weber - Kaube: Weber
Authors: Bruun Hans Henrik
Published: November 2020

Book Review of:

Dirk Kaesler, Max Weber. Preusse, Denker, MuttersohnMünchen: C. H. Beck 2014Hardcover, 1007 pp.ISBN 978-3-406-66075-7Price: € 38

Jürgen Kaube, Max Weber. Ein Leben zwischen den EpochenBerlin: Rowohlt 2014Hardcover, 496 pp.ISBN: 978-3-87134-575-3Price: € 26,95
The Palgrave Handbook of Sociology in Britain, Australian Sociology, Sociology in Ireland
Authors: Crothers Charles
Published: November 2020

Book Review of:

John Holmwood and John Scott (eds.) The Palgrave Handbook of Sociology in BritainBasingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan 2014Hardcover, 631 pp.ISBN 978-0-230-29981-8Price: € 234,33

Kirsten Harley and Gary Wickham, Australian Sociology: Fragility, Survival, RivalryBasingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan 2014 (Sociology Transformed)Hardcover, 123 pp.ISBN 978-1-137-37974-0Price: € 69,54

Bryan Fanning and Andreas Hess, Sociology in Ireland: A Short HistoryBasingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan 2015 (Sociology Transformed)Hardcover, 89 pp.ISBN 978-1-137-45035-7Price: € 69,54
Morris: The Scholar Denied: W.E.B. DuBois
Authors: Huebner Daniel R.
Published: November 2020

Book Review of:

Aldon Morris, The Scholar Denied: W. E. B. Du Bois and the Birth of Modern SociologyOakland, CA: University of California PressHardcover, xxviii+282 pp.ISBN: 9780520276352Price: US $ 29,95
Backhouse & Fontaine (eds.): A Historiography of the Modern Social Sciences
Authors: Duller Matthias
Published: November 2020

Book Review of:

Backhouse, Roger E., and Philippe Fontaine, eds., A Historiography of the Modern Social SciencesCambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014pp. 248.ISBN: 978-1107037724Price: $ 78.00
Lærerfaglighed som genstand for styring
Authors: Rasmussen Niels Borch
Published: November 2020

Folkeskolereformens Fælles Mål og den dertil hørende læringsmålstyrede undervisning fra 2014 kan opfattes som både en ny didaktisk tilgang og en teknologi, rettet mod at styre læreres kernefaglighed. Didaktikken, der er begrundet i evidensbaseret viden om elevers læring, har delt den pædagogiske forskning i to lejre, der hhv. beror på rationalet bag evidensbaseret viden og orienterer sig mod folkeskolens bredere formål, dannelse. Mens den pædagogiske litteratur er rig på konceptuelle og normative perspektiver på reformens Fælles mål og læringsmålstyret undervisning, mangler vi viden om, hvorvidt lærere fandt læringsmålstyret undervisning meningsfuld at anvende som didaktisk ramme for undervisningen. Artiklen undersøger med teorien om meningsdannelse, hvordan lærere gav mening til læringsmålstyret undervisning, da didaktikken blev indført som ramme for undervisningen. Analysen følger udviklingen i læreres meningsdannelse i et kommunalt skolesystem i to faser, hvor lærerne først blev introduceret for læringsmålstyret undervisning og efterfølgende afprøvede didaktikken i egen undervisning. Analysen fi nder, at fl ertallet af lærerne først var åbne for at anvende dele af didaktikken, men blev mere afvisende efter at have afprøvet den i egen undervisning. Artiklen bidrager dels med indsigter i, hvordan folkeskolereformens didaktik og syn på undervisning blev betragtet fra læreres perspektiv, og hvordan lærere reagerede på, at læreres kernefaglighed blev gjort til genstand styring.
Plataformes digitals: fonaments i una proposta de classificació
Authors: Canals Agustí , Hüslkamp Ian
Published: November 2020

Encara que aquestes estructures que ara anomenem plataformes sempre han estat presents en alguns sectors, és a partir de la instauració de l’economia digital que han passat a tenir un paper protagonista en les nostres vides. Sense entendre els mecanismes que regeixen la dinàmica de les plataformes digitals, que són diferents dels associats a l’economia més tradicional, es fa difícil comprendre molts aspectes del funcionament de l’economia actual. L’objectiu d’aquest article és oferir una introducció a la idea de plataforma i a les seves característiques. Primerament, revisem el concepte general de plataforma, les especificitats de les plataformes digitals i les particularitats del seu funcionament. En segon lloc, descrivim les característiques de les plataformes que ens semblen més rellevants per entendre’n els efectes socials i econòmics. Finalment, escollim tres d’aquestes característiques (el grau de digitalització, l’obertura quant a accés, provisió, ús i distribució, i els seus mecanismes de governança) per elaborar una proposta de classificació de les plataformes que volem que contribueixi a ordenar una mica la nostra concepció del fenomen. L’esquema de classificació porta a la definició de diferents tipus de plataformes que es comporten de manera diferent, com demostren els exemples que identifiquem per a cadascun. Esperem que la nostra anàlisi contribueixi a un millor enteniment del canvi de paradigma que comporta la digitalització de l’economia.
Modelos colaborativos de negocio en economía digital
Authors: Ballestar María Teresa , Sainz Jorge
Published: November 2020

En este artículo se aborda el análisis del concepto de economía colaborativa, desde las diferentes corrientes del conocimiento. Así mismo, se proporciona una visión general de los diferentes modelos de negocio colaborativos que han existido hasta el momento y cómo ha sido su evolución a lo largo del tiempo debido a diferentes factores, entre los que se encuentran las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC). Si bien es cierto que estos modelos de negocio aún se encuentran en pleno proceso de consolidación, representan una gran oportunidad, tanto para usuarios que desean ver satisfechas sus necesidades de consumo, como para empresas que no solo buscan nuevas fuentes de ingreso, sino también innovación a la hora de aproximarse a sus clientes. Por último, la economía colaborativa representa un campo de investigación muy reciente y lleno de oportunidades de contribución a la ciencia y al desarrollo de nuevos modelos de negocio.
EFFECT OF A MAGNETIC FIELD ON THE HEIGHT OF THE MICROWAVE-INDUCED STEP
Authors: WU HANG-SHENG  , JI GUANG-DA  , LIU FU-SUI
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we proposed an improved theory for the microwave-induced step phenomenon. With this theory, we studied in detail the effect of an magnetic field and microwave power on the height of the microwave-induced step. Theoretical pre-dictions and the existed experimental facts are consistent.
AN IONIC GROUPING THEORY OF THE ELECTRO-OPTICAL AND NON-LINEAR OPTICAL EFFECTS OF CRYSTALS (Ⅲ)——A THEORETICAL CALCULATION OF THE ELECTRO-OPTICAL AND OPTICAL SECOND HARMONIC COEFFICIENTS FOR LiNbO3, LiTaO3,KNbO3, AND BNN CRYSTALS BASED ON A DEFO
Authors: CHEN CHUANG-TIAN  ,   中国科学院福建物质结构研究所
Published: November 2020

Based on (MO6) ionic grouping model as previously proposed in (I), we have calculated the various electro-optical coefficients as well as the optical second harmonic coefficients for LiNbO3, LiTaO3, KNbO3, and BNN crystals. If we assume that the oxygen-octahedra in the crystal lattice of these crystals of Oh symmetry all possess the same energy level and wavefunctions, then the energy level and the wavefunction for LiNbO3, LiTaO3, KNbO3, and BNN erystals of C3ν, or C2ν symmetry can be found upon applying the theory of group representations. Furthermore, by using the ABDP theory, we have calculated their electro-optical and optical second harmonic coefficients. It is interesting to note that without introducing any adjustable parameters the calculated values agree satisfactorily with the experimental data. The dependence of the magnitude and the sign of the optical second harmonic coefficients for these crystals upon the degree of the oxygen-oetahedra distortion has also been interpreted theoretically in this paper. We have thus arrived at the following conclusions:(1) The ionic grouping theory of the deformed oxygen-octahedra model proves to be appropriate not only for the perovskite-type structure but also for the tungsten bronze and LiNbO3 type structures.(2) In crystals of the tungsten bronze and LiNbO3 type structure, it is the ionic bonds that make major contribution to the electro-optical and optical second harmonic effects. As the covalent nature of bonds in the LiTaO3 crystal exceeds that in the LiNbO3 crystal, the non-linear optical effects in the LiTaO3 erystal are weaker than those in the LiNbO3 crystal.(3) The magnitude and the sign of the optical second harmonic coefficients for these crystals depend upon the degree of the oxgen-octahedra distortion.
DYNAMICS OF THE FAST Q-SWITCHED FOUR-LEVEL LASER
Authors: LI FU-LI  ,   中国科学技术大学
Published: November 2020

In this paper the lifetime of the terminal energy level has been considered in the rate equations of the fast Q-Switched four-level laser. Computer solutions are pre-sented. The effects of the terminal energy level lifetime, the initial inversion popula-tion density, the stimulated emission cross-section and the cavity length on the behavior of giant laser pulses and multipulses have been studied in detail. The optimization and miniaturization of electro-optically Q-Switched lasers are discussed.
TEMPERATURE STABILITY ANALYSIS OF THE RESONANT FREQUENCY OF A PIEZOELECTRIC CERAMIC VIBRATOR
Authors: XU YU-HUAN  ,   中山大学物理系
Published: November 2020

The temperature coefficient of resonant frequency Tkf is obtained from the degree of ferroelectric domains alignment in piezoelectric ceramics and the adiabatic. piezoelec-tric equations. It is expressed as a function of the temperature expansion coefficients of the crystal lattice, their remanent polarization and other parameters. When the experi-mental data of "pure" Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O3 are substituted in the theoretical expressions, curves showing Tkf as a function of the Zr/Ti composition near the morphotropic phase boundary are obtained, and the theoretical results are found to be in close agreement with experiment. Thus the effects of different poling and heat treatment processes upon Tkf have been explained successfully. A discussion is given concerning the ways and means by which the resonant frequency temperature stability of piezoelectric ceramic vibrators can be improved.
QUASI-ELASTIC SCATTERING OF LIGHT, NEUTRONS AND ELECTRONS FOR AN IONIC CONDUCTOR GOVERNED BY THE DEBYE-HüCKEL EQUATION
Authors: LI TIE-CHENG  , XU ZHENG-YI  ,   中国科学院物理研究所
Published: November 2020

An analytical treatment is given for the scattering of light, neutron and electron beams in the presence and absence of an external applied electro-static field by a system for which the charge transport can be described by the D-H equation. The resulting scatterings are shown to be quasi-elastic, i.e., Rayleigh scattering. When there is no external field, the spectral distribution of the Rayleigll scattering consists of two superposed central peaks of different widths, their shapes being assymmetric. The application of an external static electric field would give rise to variation of width and location of these Rayleigh peaks. The possibility of observing the above mentioned phenomena is also discussed.
THE ELECTRON-OPTICAL CHARACTERS AND ABBERATION THEORY OF A COMBINED SYSTEM CONSISTS OF ELECTROSTATIC ROUND LENS AND MAGNETIC DEFLECTOR
Authors: XIMEN JI-YE
Published: November 2020

In this paper, a combined system consists of electrostatic round lens and magnetic deflector with additional superimposed fields is studied. The general power-series expression for magnetic deflection fields, the electron trajectories described in vector form and the Gaussian optical characters of the system are obtained and discussed. Formulae for calculating the third order aberration in such a combined system are given in a compact matrix form, they are appropriate for numerical computational purpose. This paper and the previous work [1] are all concerned with the general theory of a combined electrostatic-magnetic system of electron optics, hence they may be useful for designers of cathode ray tubes and electron optical instruments.
AN INVESTIGATION ON THE FILMS USED AS THE WINDOWS OF ULTRA-SOFT X-RAY COUNTERS
Authors: LIN TIEN-HUI  , TIAN YOU-CAI  , CUI BAO-KUN
Published: November 2020

This paper deals with the properties of films used as entrance window of a gas-flow type ultrasoft X-ray counter. The effects of the base material and conductive coatings of the films on performance characteristics of the counter are investigated. Experimental results show that, among the material under study, Formvar exhibits more satisfactory gas-sealing property and has higher transmissivity for X-rays. In addition, it is found that the conductive coating on the film has a significant effect on the stability of the measured intensity. An interpretation on these effects by taking into acounts of the feature of electron multiplication process in the counter caused by ultra-soft X-rays is proposed.
LASER TRANSITION CROSS SECTIONS OF YAP:Nd CRYSTALS AND SOME NEW APPLICATIONS IN LASERS
Authors: LIN FU-CHENG  , ZHANG SHAN-SHAN  , LIN HE  ,   中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所
Published: November 2020

The laser transition cross sections of YAP:Nd crystals are calculated by using group theory. The values of these cross sections for general elliptically polarized light are shown to be determined by three parameters. The theoretical results are verified by experiments and demonstrated by the construction of a wave length variable laser. We analysed two laser structures in which the transmission matrices are U-matrices, and calculated the polarizations and frequencies of their eigenmodes. Experimental results agree with the theory well. The results obtained in our work can be used in construc-tion of a single longitudinal mode laser with enhance output and to suggest a new method of modulation for lasers.
BASIC EQUATION OF INHOMOGENEOUS SUPERCONDUCTOR AND ITS SOLUTION FOR SMALL PARTICLES
Authors: LIU FU-SUI  ,   北京大学物理系
Published: November 2020

This paper uses the Numbu method in Matsubara representation to extend the Eliashberg strong-coupling superconductivity theory for the case of spatial variance. The shell model solution for small particles is given.
AN APPROXIMATE ANALYSIS ON CONCAVE (PLANE) GRATING-MIRROR STABLE RESONATOR
Authors: ZHOU GUO-SHENG  ,   山西大学物理系
Published: November 2020

The self-consistent integral equation for the field distribution of the resonant modes in a concave (plane) grating-mirror stable resonator is solved in the limit of infinite Fresnel numbers and under Littrow (collimate) configuration. Under the conditions above mentioned the field distribution is approximately independent of the blazing angles of the grating. In the direction parrallel to the grooves of the grating (y direction) the inclined grating can be equivalent to the concave mirror which has the radius of curvature ry-r1·cosθ and is perpendicular to the axis of the resonator (z axis). In the x direction the field distribution can be described in terms of Hermit-Gaussian function and the perturbation term. The perturbation term which is proportional to tangent of the incline of the grating introduces astigmatism to the field. When the perturbation can be neglected, the inclined grating would be equivalent to a concave mirror of radius rx=r1-cos3θ, which is also perpendicular to the axes of the resonator.The resonant condition, the stabilty condition, the field distribution and other charecteristies of the field distribution are obtained.
THEORY OF THE SUPERCONDUCTING CRITICAL TEMPERATURE (Ⅱ)
Authors: GONG CHANG-DE  , WU HANG-SHENG  , CAI JIAN-HUA  , CAI JUN-DAO  , JI GUANG-DA
Published: November 2020

In a previous paper (I), we have derived a rigorous series expression for the superconducting critical temperature Tc. Here we discuss the region of convergence of this series, and the possibility of its extension through analytical continuation. Our conclusion is that the above mentioned series or its analytical extension is convergent within the whole region ∞ >λ>λ0. By λ0 we mean the smallest value of λ which can be taken such that the equation determining Tc in the Matsubara representation has a real positive solution. It is in fact the Coulomb pseudopotential. Therefore, ex-cluding possibly a few very weakly coupled ones, our Tc formula is applicable to all superconductors.
THE KINETICS OF LASER ISOTOPE SEPARATION
Authors: MA XING-XIAO  ,   中国科学技术大学
Published: November 2020

In this paper, the isotope enrichment processes were described generally. A kinetic model involving its mechanism and equations was set up in attempt to represent a great number of processes corresponding to various ways and methods in laser isotope separation. The simplified results for typical cases were given, upon which the high selectivity conditions were derived. Finally, the effects of reversible reaction to the isotope enrichment was investigated.
MODE-VOLUME MATCHING OF OSCILLATING MODES OF LASER CONTAINING SEVERAL ACTIVE ELEMENTS
Authors: YE BI-QING  , MA ZHONG-LIN  , LING JUN-DA  ,   中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所
Published: November 2020

Using matrix method, we analyzed the high power c.w. laser of several YAG:Nd rods in series. The thermo-focal lengths and dimensions of these laser rods may be different. By using the electronic computer, the parameters describing operating characters of laser (especially mode-volume match parameter) have been obtained as a function of the geometric construction of resonator and the thermo-focal lengths of laser rods. In addition, experiments of laser oscillating were carried out on a laser with two rods of different dimension. The experimental results are quite agree with the theoretical analysis.
CALCULATION OF STATICAL AND DYNAMICAL EQUILIBRIUM OF THE 45°SCAN MIRROR
Authors: ZHANG YOU-WEN  ,   中国科学院上海技术物理研究所
Published: November 2020

According to the principles of theoretical dynamics and the method of mathematical analysis, the mass, centroid and moment of inertia for 45° sean mirror are calculated exactly. The starting power of motor is also computed. Furthermore, The calculation of statical and dymamical equilibrium of 45° sean mirror are also conducted. The results are satisfactory.
THE POSSIBILITY OF THE CRYSTALLIZATION OF METASTABLE GRAPHITE FROM MOLTEN METAL SOLUTIONS UNDER THE STABLE CONDITIONS OF DIAMOND
Authors: LIU GUANG-ZHAO  ,   中国科学院上海硅酸盐化学与工学研究所
Published: November 2020

The experimantal phenomena for the formation of graphite, -the metastable phase of carbon -from molten metal solutions under ultrahigh pressures and high temperatures are given. Taking this as an example, we have analyzed the thermodynamic possibility of the crystallization of the metastable phases from the solution. The concept of supersaturation that promotes the metastable phases to crystallize from solutions has been presented. It has been pointed out that the temperature difference in a solution system must be the driving force for crystallization of the metastable phase from, the solution. The emphasis is placed on the calculations of the critical temperature difference of the possible crystallization for the metastable graphite under a given crystallizing condition.
MEASUREMENT OF DEEP LEVEL TRAPS IN GaAs
Authors: ZHOU BING-LIN  , WANG LE  , SHAO YONG-FU  , CHEN QI-YU  ,   中国科学院上海冶金研究所
Published: November 2020

Measurements on transient capacitance and thermally stimulated capacitance of N-type GaAs epitaxial materials have been carried out. Electron traps could not be detected in LPE materials. However, two electron traps 0.82 and 0.43 eV below the conduction band have been discovered in VPE materials, the electron capture sections are found to be about 2.0×10-13 and 1.5×10-15cm2 respectively.
ON HYBRIDIZED BAND AND THE INTRINSIC UPPER LIMIT OF ELECTRON-PHONON COUPLING
Authors: YIN DAO-LE  , ZHANG LI-YUAN  , DAI YUAN-DONG  ,   北京大学物理系
Published: November 2020

The general properties of hybridized conduction bands were studied in the LMTO representation. General expressions of the density of states N(E) and partial wei-ghts |Blik|2 were derived. Introducing a "phase function" yl which corresponds to a certain radial wave function φl, it permits one to derive an analytical approximation for the logarithmic derivative of φl and the phase shift due to a spherically symmetrical potential. Then the analytical behaviour of electronic factor η in electron-phonon coupling was studied. We verified the presence of an "intrinsic upper limit" for η and evaluated its order of magnitude. Discussions were given for the general rules affecting η and the comparison with experiment. As for the relation to searching for strong coupling and high Tc, we emphasized the role of magnitude of hybridization, especilly enhancing the f-component in a d-like conduction band.
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF EPITAXIAL p-n JUNCTIONS GROWN BY METHOD OF SILICON CARBIDE CRYSTALS SUBLIMATION
Authors: FENG XI-QI  , LUO BIN-ZHANG  ,   中国科学院上海硅酸盐化学与工学研究所
Published: November 2020

Measurements of the voltage-current characteristics and space-charge capacitance have been made on the epitaxial p-n junctions grown by method of silicon carbidt crystals sublimation. An analysis of the forward voltage-current and voltage-capacitance charateristics shows that the structures of the p-n junction may vary over a quite wide range, from typical p-i-n junctions to nearly linear graded junctions resulted from different epitaxial growth parameters, but most of them have intermidiate structures. The effect of epitaxial growth parameters on structures of p-n junctions is briefly discussed.In addition, The brightness-current characteristics, the spectral distribution of electroluminescence of forward biased epitaxial p-n junctions, and their performance under pulse and a.c. excitions are also described.
HIGH PRESSURE EQUATION OF STATE AND PHASE TRANSFORMATION OF LilO3
Authors: XU JI-AN  , WANG YAN-YUN  , XU MIN-HUA  ,   中国科学院物理研究所
Published: November 2020

The equation of state of α and β-LiIO3 is measured by the piston-cylinder technique, we find that the pressed β-LiIO3 can transform to α-phase after stay for an enough long time in the air.
ON THE LOW FREQUENCY DRIFT WAVE AND THE PSEUDOCLASSICAL DIFFUSION
Authors: ZHANG CHENG-FU  ,   北京大学物理系
Published: November 2020

In this paper, the relationship between the low frequency drift wave and the empirical law of anomalous transport in Tokamak the pseudo-classical diffusion is discussed. We show that, it is the collisionless drift wave, rather than the dissipative one, which corresponds to the pseudoelassical diffusion. If the linear unstable collision-less drift wave is saturated mainly by the quasi-linear relaxation process, it can lead to a diffusion of the pseudo-classical type. The estimated diffusion coefficient agrees with experiment within an order of magnitude. The range of the parameters in which the above mentioned mechanism may be effective is discussed.
THERMAL NEUTRON INELASTIC SCATTERING OF PALLADIUM HYDRIDES (PdHx)
Authors: CHEN GUI-YING  , CHENG ZHI-XU  , WU XIAN-NAN  , RUAN JING-HUI  ,   (1)北京有色金属研究院; (2)中国科学院原子能研究所
Published: November 2020

The local modes (or optical branches) of the PdHx samples for x = 0.17 and 0.67 have been measured respectively with the Beryllium Filter Detector Spectrometer. It was observed that the position of the peak for the PdH0.67 is about 5 meV lower than that of the PdH0.17. The relation between the softening of local modes and the supercodue-tivity has been discussed qualitatively.
A GRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF THE DRIFT CONSTANTS IN DEBYE SCHERRER PHOTOGRAPHS AND THE ACCURATE EVALUATION OF LATTICE CONSTANTS
Authors: LU XUE-SHAN  ,   中国科学院物理研究所
Published: November 2020

The present paper describes a graphic method of determining the drift constants in Debye-Scherrer photographs and discusses the various methods in the evaluation of lattice constants. By the method proposed by the author, the accuracy of lattice spacings determined reaches 1 part in 500,000.