bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Editorial
Authors: Colares Maria Lília Imbiriba Sousa , Colares Anselmo Alencar
Published: April 2017

Após cinco anos de circulação (2011-2016), contribuindo como veículo de resultados de pesquisas na área de educação, a Revista Exitus a partir de 2017 disponibilizará artigos em periodicidade quadrimestral, ou seja, a cada quatro meses uma nova revista, totalizando três revistas por ano, todas somente em formato online.Os artigos reunidos neste número são compostos por uma conferência que trata de questões sobre a escola sem partido, e resultados de pesquisas e reflexões teóricas sobre temas diversificados na área da educação, a partir de textos escritos por docentes de várias regiões do Brasil e do exterior.
A randomized trial testing the efficacy of modifications to the nutrition facts table on comprehension and use of nutrition information by adolescents and young adults in Canada
Authors: Hobin E. , Sacco J. , Vanderlee L. , White C. M. , Zuo F. , Sheeshka J. , McVey G. , Fodor O’Brien M. , Hammond D.
Published: April 2017

Introduction

Given the proposed changes to nutrition labelling in Canada and the dearth of
research examining comprehension and use of nutrition facts tables (NFts) by adolescents
and young adults, our objective was to experimentally test the efficacy of modifications to
NFts on young Canadians’ ability to interpret, compare and mathematically manipulate
nutrition information in NFts on prepackaged food.

Methods

An online survey was conducted among 2010 Canadians aged 16 to 24 years drawn from a consumer sample. Participants were randomized to view two NFts according to
one of six experimental conditions, using a between-groups 2 x 3 factorial design: serving size (current NFt vs. standardized serving-sizes across similar products) x percent
daily value (% DV) (current NFt vs. "low/med/high" descriptors vs. colour coding). The survey included seven performance tasks requiring participants to interpret, compare
and mathematically manipulate nutrition information on NFts. Separate modified Poisson regression models were conducted for each of the three outcomes.

Results

The ability to compare two similar products was significantly enhanced in NFt conditions that included standardized serving-sizes (p ≤ .001 for all). Adding descriptors
or colour coding of % DV next to calories and nutrients on NFts significantly improved participants’ ability to correctly interpret % DV information (p ≤ .001 for all). Providing
both standardized serving-sizes and descriptors of % DV had a modest effect on participants’ ability to mathematically manipulate nutrition information to calculate the nutrient
content of multiple servings of a product (relative ratio = 1.19; 95% confidence limit: 1.04–1.37).

Conclusion

Standardizing serving-sizes and adding interpretive % DV information on NFts improved young Canadians’ comprehension and use of nutrition information. Some caution
should be exercised in generalizing these findings to all Canadian youth due to the sampling issues associated with the study population. Further research is needed to replicate
this study in a more heterogeneous sample in Canada and across a
range of food products and categories.
Tendances de la prévalence, de l'incidence et de la mortalité des cardiopathies ischémiques diagnostiquées et silencieuses au Québec
Authors: Blais C. , Rochette L.
Published: April 2017

Introduction

Parmi toutes les causes de décès d’origine cardiovasculaire, les cardiopathies ischémiques (CI) demeurent les plus importantes. Notre étude visait à définir les
tendances de la prévalence et de l’incidence des CI au Québec ainsi qu’à déterminer la proportion de décès par CI qui n’avait aucun diagnostic antérieur de CI.

Méthodologie

Les tendances de la prévalence, de l’incidence et de la mortalité ont été examinées avec une étude populationnelle utilisant le Système intégré de surveillance des
maladies chroniques du Québec, qui jumelle plusieurs fichiers médico-administratifs. Les données, recueillies auprès des Québécois de 20 ans et plus, sont présentées selon deux
définitions de cas : 1) une définition validée et 2) une définition reposant sur l’addition des codes de décès liés aux CI afin d’estimer la proportion des décès sans diagnostic
antérieur de CI comme indicateur de mort cardiaque subite (MCS).

Résultats

En 2012-2013, la prévalence brute des CI selon la première définition était de 9,4 % (593 000 personnes). Entre 2000-2001 et 2012-2013, la prévalence ajustée selon
l’âge a augmenté de 14 %, avec une légère diminution depuis 2009-2010. Les taux d’incidence et de mortalité ajustés selon l’âge ont diminué de respectivement 46 % et 26 %, les
taux bruts s’établissant à 6,9 pour 1 000 et à 5,2 % en 2012-2013. La proportion de décès identifiés uniquement grâce au décès par CI, soit l’indicateur de MCS, n’était
significative que pour les cas incidents (0,38 pour 1 000 en 2009-2010) et elle a diminué au cours de la période à l’étude.

Conclusion

La prévalence des CI a eu tendance à diminuer au cours des dernières années et l’incidence comme la mortalité ont également diminué au Québec. La majorité des décès
par CI touchent des patients ayant déjà reçu un diagnostic, seule une faible proportion des cas incidents n’ayant pas été préalablement identifiée.
Knowledge to action for solving complex problems: insights from a review of nine international cases
Authors: Riley BL , Robinson KL , Gamble J , Finegood DT , Sheppard D , Penney TL , Best A
Published: April 2017

Introduction

Solving complex problems such as preventing chronic diseases introduces
unique challenges for the creation and application of knowledge, or knowledge to action
(KTA). KTA approaches that apply principles of systems thinking are thought to hold
promise, but practical strategies for their application are not well understood. In this
paper we report the results of a scan of systems approaches to KTA with a goal to
identify how to optimize their implementation and impact.

Methods

A 5-person advisory group purposefully selected 9 initiatives to achieve
diversity on issues addressed and organizational forms. Information on each case was
gathered from documents and through telephone interviews with primary contacts
within each organization. Following verification of case descriptions, an inductive
analysis was conducted within and across cases.

Results

The cases revealed 5 guidelines for moving from conceiving KTA systems to
implementing them: 1) establish and nurture relationships, 2) co-produce and curate
knowledge, 3) create feedback loops, 4) frame as systems interventions rather than
projects, and 5) consider variations across time and place.

Conclusion

Results from the environmental scan are a modest start to translating
systems concepts for KTA into practice. Use of the strategies revealed in the scan may
improve KTA for solving complex public health problems. The strategies themselves will
benefit from the development of a science that aims to understand adaptation and
ongoing learning from policy and practice interventions, strengthens enduring
relationships, and fills system gaps in addition to evidence gaps. Systems approaches
to KTA will also benefit from robust evaluations.
Physical inactivity and television-viewing time among Aboriginal adults with asthma: a cross-sectional analysis of the Aboriginal Peoples Survey
Authors: Doggett N , Dogra S
Published: April 2017

Introduction

The purpose of this analysis was to 1) determine the association between
asthma and physical activity levels or sedentary time among Aboriginal adults, and
2) understand the influence of physical inactivity and sedentary time on health care use
among Aboriginal adults with asthma.

Methods

We analyzed 20 953 adults from the 2006 Aboriginal Peoples Survey. Those
with self-reported physician-diagnosed asthma and a current prescription for asthma
medication were considered to have current asthma. Insufficient physical activity was
defined as < 3 hours/week of moderate to vigorous physical activity; high television
screen time was defined as > 10 hours/week. Health care use was assessed using the
number of health professional visits and overnight hospital stays.

Results

Aboriginal adults with asthma were more likely to report high televisionviewing
time (OR = 1.16; CI: 1.11–1.22) and insufficient physical activity (OR = 1.15;
CI: 1.10–1.20) than those without asthma. Those with asthma who reported high
television-viewing time reported more health professional consults in the past 12 months
(OR = 2.59; CI: 2.34–2.87), more overnight stays in hospital in the past year (OR= 1.95;
CI: 1.82–2.08) and more overnight stays in the hospital in the past 5 years (OR = 1.13;
CI: 1.07–1.18); results were less consistent for physical activity and health care use.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that Aboriginal adults with asthma are less active
than their peers without asthma and that such a lifestyle may be associated with higher
health care use. These findings have implications for physical activity promotion and
sedentary behaviour strategies targeting Aboriginal adults with asthma.
Exposition à l'arsenic et diabète de type 2 : résultats de l’Enquête canadienne sur les mesures de la santé de 2007 à 2009
Authors: Feseke SK , St-Laurent J , Anassour-Sidi E , Ayotte P , Bouchard M , Levallois P
Published: April 2017

Introduction

L’arsenic inorganique et ses métabolites sont considérés comme dangereux pour la santé humaine. Même si plusieurs études ont indiqué des associations entre une faible exposition à l’arsenic et le diabète sucré aux États-Unis et au Mexique, ces associations n’ont pas été étudiées chez les Canadiens. Nous avons analysé l’association entre l’exposition à l’arsenic, mesurée par la concentration d’arsenic total dans l’urine, et la prévalence du diabète de type 2 (DT2) chez 3 151 participants adultes du cycle 1 (2007 à 2009) de l’Enquête canadienne sur les mesures de la santé (ECMS).

Méthodologie

La glycémie et l’hémoglobine glycosylée ont été mesurées chez les participants. L’arsenic total a été dosé par une analyse d’urine. De plus, les participants ont répondu à un questionnaire détaillé sur leurs habitudes de vie et leurs antécédents médicaux. Nous avons analysé l’association de la concentration urinaire d’arsenic avec le DT2 et le prédiabète à l’aide d’une régression logistique multivariée ajustée pour les facteurs de confusion potentiels.

Résultats

La concentration urinaire d’arsenic total était positivement associée à la prévalence de DT2 et de prédiabète : les rapports de cotes ajustés étaient respectivement de 1,81 (IC à 95% : 1,12 à 2,95) et de 2,04 (IC à 95% : 1,03 à 4,05) lorsqu’on comparait les concentrations urinaires d’arsenic les plus élevées (quatrième quartile) aux plus faibles (premier quartile). L’arsenic total urinaire était également associé au taux d’hémoglobine glycosylée chez les diabétiques non traités.

Conclusion

Nous avons noté des associations significatives entre l’exposition à l’arsenic et la prévalence de DT2 et de prédiabète dans la population canadienne. L’inférence causale est limitée car il s’agit d’une étude transversale exempte d’évaluation de l’exposition à long terme.
Komunikasi Visual Iklan Cetak Rokok di Indonesia Kurun Waktu 1950 -2000
Authors: Kertamukti Rama
Published: April 2017

Visual Communication activities in 1950-2000 actual cigarette

Advertisement in packaging his message began to flourish in the late 90s with the beginning of the modern trends with ad visualization further highlight the ability to package the message in a way that “new”, the Advertisement contains a more interesting originality out of the path message vulgarly without the superior power of creativity is only repeating

the old ways of communicating visually compared with 50s. Advertising is a message that offers products intended to the public through a media and advertising is the biggest benefit of bringing the message to be conveyed by the producer to the general public. Sometimes Visual Communication submitted by the Advertisement in the plot that makes the society to behave

in a consumptive. Advertising is the tip of the spear, in this case is one of the important parts in the process of achieving success of a program to disseminate, in other words visual communication plays in achieving the goals producer or the sender’s main message.
Menyoal Etika Jurnalisme Kontemporer: Belajar dari OhmyNews
Authors: Widodo Yohanes
Published: April 2017

This article explores journalism ethics, credibility and objectivity on contemporary journalism platforms (blog, online journalism and citizen journalism) by case study of Ohmynews— a citizen journalism developed in South Korea. To answer the challenge of citizen journalism in relation with credibility and objectivity on contemporary journalism, at least there are three solutions. First, by developing education and training for citizen journalism. Second, by building collaboration between professional journalism and citizen. Third, in their task, journalist must based on nine

journalism elements. So, media idealism as social control and education for society can be practiced
Masyarakat Indonesia Kontemporer dalam Pusaran Komunikasi
Authors: Bungin Burhan
Published: April 2017

There are 3 points to discuss the Indonesian contemporary society who lives in reformation order. First is urban society with liberalism perspectives, open and information technology in their hand. Second is structuralist society, who lives and willingness in patron – client/ leadership traits. Third is marginal society with less access to education, health system and powerless. In the development of reformation order, with new perspectives and interpretation, there are some changing in our society, rapidly moved. What implication, also with communication perspectives? Also what is going to happen next , are parts of the discussion in this article.
Diversitas Kultural dan Pengelolaan Konflik Dalam Sebuah Organisasi Bisnis Multinasional
Authors: Rejeki MC Ninik Sri
Published: April 2017

The theoritical analysis is inspired by the labor riot occurred in Drydocks World Graha Shipyards Company in Batam April 22, 2010. This case has reminded us to consider the importance of diversity management for business organization. Such organization has a reality of cultural diversity in its employees and usually it is a multinational company. Such company has grown and expanded in accordance with the development of the global economic order. The reality of cultural diversity actually can be positive forces to sustain the dynamics of the organization, but if not properly managed it can make the negative impact of disadvantageous communication climate. It can enrich the communication climate practices of racism and discrimination. The goal of diversity management is to maximize the positive forces of cultural diversity and to minimize its negative impacts. Management of diversity is itself a way of managing an organization that requires the multicultural paradigm. Inter-group conflict management is an integral part of the management of diversity. At the group level, it is necessary to understand the factors of inter-group conflict. When the conflict as the adverse effect of cultural diversity occurs, that is needed is a constructive management. Parties who have a burden of adaptation should be accommodative to other parties. Accommodation is conducted in the way of viewing the conflict, attitudes, and management style. It is also needs to be developed a communication climate that may reduce the prejudices which is the source of the practices of racism and discrimination.
Konstruksi Identitas Kedaerahan oleh Media Massa Lokal
Authors: Dewi Putri Aiysiyah Rachma
Published: April 2017

This article focuses on how the local print media view of regional identity artists involved in the video contained sexual scenes. The author raised the case of video sexual scenes involving Ariel, Luna Maya, and Cut Tari. All three are national artist when the video was circulated in the society. The three newspapers under study are the Bali Post, Serambi Indonesia, and Pikiran Rakyat. The results showed that the three newspapers was to discredit the three artists with the construction of such news. The newspaper did not give chance for artists to express their opinions.
Tantangan Industri Kreatif-Game Online di Indonesia
Authors: Fajri Choirul
Published: April 2017

Information and communication technology currently has grown to such an extent, not only to meet the needs for information only, but now has grown to the fulfillment of the will of entertainment. These developments, and then bring up the creative industries technology-based communication and information, one of them is online gaming. Creative industries in this area, has become a phenomenon by itself, and makes it as one of the important sectors for economic growth. However, based on the data we get, there are still constraints faced in the development of this industry, such as: the limitations of knowledge, capital, the absence of Government support, as well as the lack of adequate infrastructure. The negative impact was unavoidable as well as from the industry, for example, will the existence of addiction for the gamers who have an impact on crime and action elements of pornography are also inherent in this online game. Therefore, it takes the good cooperation between the developers of the game and also the Government to be able to develop the online gaming industry. There is awareness of the game developer to make a quality game play and has educational values.
Analisis Komunikasi Pemasaran Terpadu PT. Cubes Consulting dalam Membangun Brand Association
Authors: Margaretha Sherly , Widayatmoko Widayatmoko , Pribadi Muhammad Adi
Published: April 2017

This study discusses the integrated marketing communications conducted by PT Cubes Consulting to build the brand image of the company. Authors take this subject because the authors assume that the PT Cubes Consutlting as an SAP partner, a company that is still very new, but it could have a considerable client references and come from large companies. Though competition in the business world is not easy, because many SAP partners in Indonesia who have first foray into the world and be seen from the size of the business, obviously bigger.
Presentasi Diri Etnik Cina Bangka dalam Hubungan Bisnis dengan Etnik Melayu Bangka
Authors: Zubair Agustina
Published: April 2017

This article is based on research into intercultural communication competence Bangka ethnic Chinese business relations with ethnic Malay Bangka. Interesting phenomenon of the existence of ethnic Chinese Bangka and business activity is related to the reaction shown by an ethnic Chinese as willing as this ethnic group dominant culture that is ethnic Malay Bangka like learning a language, dress etiquette, talking, hanging out with the group leaning Malay culture, thereby minimizing differences in cultural backgrounds brought by minority individuals. What was achieved ethnic Chinese and Malays Bangka Bangka be seen as something that is formed from the learning process, from the longexperience, delivered and learned through interaction in the family and the environment.
Komunikasi dan Pola Asuh Anak Balita - Remaja dalam Keluarga Betawi Jakarta dan Bekasi
Authors: Sari Afrina
Published: April 2017

This research aims to test the significant differences the use of family communication and the pattern of childcare toddlers and teenagers in families living in the Kampung Tugu in north Jakarta, Kampung Condet in East Jakarta and Ujung Harapan in bekasi. This study using quantitative methods of correlational. The results of research shows that the communication in childcare on the community in Kampung Tugu of north Jakarta, more affected from ways obtained from earlier the generations. The average betawi people in their religious pillar of the nazarenes, some are muslim. For people who follow the Islamic religion, they to develop a pattern of parenting in the family in Islamic way. The Betawi Community of Kampung Condet in East Jakarta, further develop ways a family tradition which are influenced by arab cultures ways. So they develop more into islamic ways. Also betawi people on Kampung Ujung Harapan in Bekasi, almost the entire community on Kampung Ujung Harapan Bekasi are moeslim. So that childcare more patterns dominated by islamic ways which were inherited from earlier generations. A pattern to the consistence of parenting in educating if compared between toddlers and teenagers, the community in Kampung Tugu more dominant educate young teen, while the Kampung Condet and Kampung Ujung Harapan directing consistency educate in toddlers and teenagers.
Distribusi dan Eksibisi Film Alternatif di Yogyakarta, Resistensi atas Praktek Dominasi Film di Indonesia
Authors: Arifianto Budi Dwi , Junaedi Fajar
Published: April 2017

This study attempts to describe the strategy and the distribution pattern of “Ngamen” cinema in Yogyakarta. The research methodology that is used is qualitative descriptive with data collection through in-depth interviews involving an offender of cinema in Yogyakarta, the literature study and relevant documents. This study found that was the film community as the basis distributor of short film or alternate in Yogyakarta. This community can come from campus and outside campus. In a line distribution filmmaker of Yogyakarta play the movie from one place to another place by the festival playback on a campus and screening outside campus. The development of the internet technology made it easier for in search of a sac culture and decent it can be used the movie. Through the internet on filmmaker of Yogyakarta looking for another film community who were willing to roll the the movie.
Strategi Periklanan pada Bisnis Retail
Authors: Sejati Veny Ari
Published: April 2017

This research aims to analyze the benefits of advertising strategy of Poundland. The method used is a qualitative approach because its ability to produce an in-depth description to obtain an authentic understanding of the experience of the people concerned. The study found that Poundland conducted intensive advertising by utilizing important moments such as Halloween, Christmas, Mother Day, etc using Internet media, social media, and e-mail sent 1-2 times per week. Poundland also employs other media such as word of mouth spread among students. Catalog is also used as the print media to reach the consumers. Poundland uses communication technology and take advantage of important moments for advertising strategy. This description can be a reference for retail businesses in Indonesia to pay attention to important events in Indonesia such as national moments and utilizing non-traditional communication technologies as an advertising strategy.
Strategi Komunikasi Badan Kependudukan dan Keluarga Berencana Nasional (BKKBN)
Authors: Susanti Herdiana Ayu
Published: April 2017

This study aims to determine communication strategy of Population and Family Planning Agency (BKKBN) Special Region of Yogyakarta in disseminating Generation Program Planning (GenRe). The study uses descriptive qualitative method. The result shows that communication strategy undertaken by BKKBN Yogyakarta Province in disseminating the program GenRe is through Student Ambassador Selection genre, GenRe Goes To School and GenRe Goes To Campus, Genre Comedy Competition, Poster Competition genre, and Competition NGE - rap genre. BKKBN also uses mass media as a medium of socialization such as Public Service Announcements on television and radio, internet media by creating a website, blog, facebook, and twitter, as well as the use of billboards appeal board. BKKBN also works with schools and colleges to form the Youth Information and Counseling Center / Student (PIK R/M) to get closer to teenagers and college students.
Model Komunikasi Antarbudaya Etnik Madura dan Etnik Melayu
Authors: Aminullah Aminullah , Lestari Puji , Tripambudi Sigit
Published: April 2017

This study aims to determine the model of intercultural communication and intercultural communication barriers between Madurese and Malays in Roban, Singkawang West Kalimantan. It is research a qualitative research. Data were collected through observation, document review, and interviews. The result shows that the form of communication is mutual respect between cultures and ethnic customs that appreciates each other. Malay ethnic honors and respects customs of Madurese ethnic and vice versa. Inhibiting factors of intercultural communication are less Madurese can mingle with Malay community, lack of knowledge of Madurese ethnic tradition or custom of the Malay ethnic community, lack of desire to follow customs and traditions of local community as well as low frequency of interaction with community.
Modal Sosial Inklusif dalam Jaringan Komunikasi Bencana
Authors: Wardyaningrum Damayanti
Published: April 2017

This research aims at identifying inclusive social capital on communication network in the disaster preparedness of Merapi explosion in 2010 by operating concepts of communication network, social capital and disaster mitigation. The objects are local people in one of villages in Merapi mountain in Central Jawa. This research used positivistical paradigm using quantitative data and supported by qualitative data. The result shows that there are four inclusive social capitals in the communication network of Merapi: (1) relation with volunteer (2) relations with SAR team and NGO; (3) relation with local government and (4) and traditional relation with Yogyakarta Kingdom. In addition, the interpretaion of inclusive social capital is the existence of reciprocal feedback form local people. Inclusive social capital has facilitated information flow on disaster preparedness, influencing agent that has role as decision maker and supporting individual credibility to get access of resources and as identity builder and Inclusive social capital is recognition of local people. This research has not found yet Inclusive social capital in term of relation between local people and university institution who has many resources to build disaster preparedness.
Surgical treatment of multiple echinococcosis of left ventricle
Authors: Ashimov Zhamalbek , Gaibyldaev Zhanybek , Kudaiberdiev Taalaibek , Borubaev Ernazar , Sadabaev Ruslan
Published: April 2017

We describe a rare case of surgical management of multiple echinococcosis of left ventricle.
Performance of influenza case definitions for influenza community surveillance: based on the French influenza surveillance network GROG, 2009-2014
Authors: Casalegno Jean-Sebastien , Eibach Daniel , Valette Martine , Enouf Vincent , Daviaud Isabelle , Behillil Sylvie , Vabret Astrid , Soulary Jean Claude , Benchaib Mehdi , Cohen Jean Marie , van der Werf Sylvie , Mosnier Anne , Lina Bruno
Published: April 2017

International case definitions recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), and the World Health Organization (WHO) are commonly used for influenza surveillance. We evaluated clinical factors associated with the laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of influenza and the performance of these influenza case definitions by using a complete dataset of 14,994 patients with acute respiratory infection (ARI) from whom a specimen was collected between August 2009 and April 2014 by the Groupes Régionaux d’Observation de la Grippe (GROG), a French national influenza surveillance network. Cough and fever ≥ 39 °C most accurately predicted an influenza infection in all age groups. Several other symptoms were associated with an increased risk of influenza (headache, weakness, myalgia, coryza) or decreased risk (adenopathy, pharyngitis, shortness of breath, otitis/otalgia, bronchitis/ bronchiolitis), but not throughout all age groups. The WHO case definition for influenza-like illness (ILI) had the highest specificity with 21.4%, while the ECDC ILI case definition had the highest sensitivity with 96.1%. The diagnosis among children younger than 5 years remains challenging. The study compared the performance of clinical influenza definitions based on outpatient surveillance and will contribute to improving the comparability of data shared at international level.
The Effects of Landscape Components, Wildlife Behavior and Hunting Methods on Hunter Effort and Hunting Efficiency of Sika Deer
Authors: Iijima Hayato
Published: April 2017

Population management of overabundant deer is essential in many countries. Hunting is one of the ways to manage such deer so it is important to understand how hunting affects deer and numbers caught. The number caught is the product of hunter effort and hunting efficiency. However, factors affecting effort and efficiency have rarely been properly investigated. I used a Bayesian state—space model to examine the effects of landscape components and deer behavior on the effort and efficiency of two hunting methods in hunting sika deer Cervus nippon. With shooting by gun, effort increased as the deer abundance of previous year increased and the percentages of wildlife protection areas and city areas decreased. With trapping, effort increased as the percentage of wildlife protection areas decreased. Efficiency of shooting decreased as the effort of the previous year increased. With trapping, efficiency was not affected by the effort of the previous year. Efficiency of trapping plateaued with the increase of deer abundance and the decrease of efficiency in relation to deer abundance was stronger with trapping than with shooting. In conclusion, effort and efficiency were affected by landscape components, deer behavior, and hunting methods. I recommend intensive shooting in the initial phase, and after deer abundance decreases and deer vigilance increases, trapping should be adopted for a sustainable hunting efficiency.
Scottish Football and Colonial Zimbabwe: Sport, the Scottish Diaspora, and ‘White Africa’
Authors: McDowell Matthew L.
Published: April 2017

In 1969 and 1970 respectively, Clyde and Kilmarnock Football Clubs embarked on highly controversial tours of Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), then in conflict with the UK over its failure to enact a timetable for majority, non-white rule, and its 1965 unilateral declaration of independence to protect such a system. Despite defying the wishes of the UK Government, these tours were covered very little in Scottish newspapers, and there was little sustained public outcry. This article examines the uneven Scottish and Westminster reactions to the tours (in particular, Kilmarnock's) in the context of broader policies and movements against Rhodesian and South African sport. It also examines Rhodesian press accounts of the trips, which stressed communion with elements of the Scottish diaspora within Rhodesian civic society. It addresses the tours' place within the broader context of work, race and migration during the period 1965–80, when the Rhodesian Front government and its white settler supporters were under continual siege from a multi-pronged nationalist resistance. Critically, this article asks whether or not Scotland and indeed Scottish sport can be extricated from the horrors of decolonisation, in a region where both had deep historic roots.
Effects of Wake Shapes on High-Lift System Aerodynamic Predictions
Authors: Bissonnette William , Bramesfeld Götz
Published: April 2017

High-lift devices are commonly modelled using potential flow methods at the conceptual design stage. Often, these analyses require the use of prescribed wake shapes in order to avoid numerical stability issues. The wake type used, however, has an impact on the absolute aerodynamic load predictions, which is why, in general, these methods are used to assess performance changes due to configuration variations. Therefore, a study was completed that compared the predicted aerodynamic performance changes of such variations of high-lift configurations using different wake types. Lift and induced drag results are compared with the results that were obtained using relaxed wakes and various prescribed wake shapes. Specific attention is given to predictions of performance changes due to changes in geometry. It was found that models with wakes that are prescribed below the freestream direction yield the best results when investigating performance changes due to flap deflections and flap-span changes. The effect of flap-gap sizes is best evaluated using a fully-relaxed model. The numerically most stable approach of wakes that are prescribed leaving the trailing edge upwards seems to be least reliable in predicting performance changes.
Diffraction-Based Optical Switching with MEMS
Authors: Blanche Pierre-Alexandre , LaComb Lloyd , Wang Youmin , Wu Ming
Published: April 2017

We are presenting an overview of MEMS-based (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System) optical switch technology starting from the reflective two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) MEMS implementations. To further increase the speed of the MEMS from these devices, the mirror size needs to be reduced. Small mirror size prevents efficient reflection but favors a diffraction-based approach. Two implementations have been demonstrated, one using the Texas Instruments DLP (Digital Light Processing), and the other an LCoS-based (Liquid Crystal on Silicon) SLM (Spatial Light Modulator). These switches demonstrated the benefit of diffraction, by independently achieving high speed, efficiency, and high number of ports. We also demonstrated for the first time that PSK (Phase Shift Keying) modulation format can be used with diffraction-based devices. To be truly effective in diffraction mode, the MEMS pixels should modulate the phase of the incident light. We are presenting our past and current efforts to manufacture a new type of MEMS where the pixels are moving in the vertical direction. The original structure is a 32 × 32 phase modulator array with high contrast grating pixels, and we are introducing a new sub-wavelength linear array capable of a 310 kHz modulation rate.
Nasopharyngeal Carriage and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae among Children under Five in Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Gebre Tiglu , Tadesse Mulualem , Aragaw Dossegnaw , Feye Dagne , Beyene Habtamu , Seyoum Dinberu , Mekonnen Mekidim
Published: April 2017

Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae is found to play an important role in the development and transmission of pneumococcal diseases. In this study, we assessed the nasopharyngeal carriage, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and associated risk factors of S. pneumoniae among children under five. A total of 361 children under five attending the outpatient department of Shanan Gibe Hospital in Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia were enrolled from June to September 2014. Nasopharyngeal specimens were collected using sterile plastic applicator rayon tipped swab and inoculated on tryptone soy agar supplemented with 5% sheep blood and 5 µg/mL gentamycin. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the modified disk diffusion method. The overall prevalence of S. pneumoniae carriage was 43.8% (158/361) among children under five. Resistance to tetracycline, cotrimoxazole, penicillin, chloramphenicol and erythromycin was observed in 53.2% (84/158), 43.7% (69/158), 36.1% (57/158), 13.3% (21/158) and 8.9% (14/158) of isolates respectively. Multidrug resistance was seen in 17.7% (28/158) of isolates. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, children living with sibling(s) < 5 years old (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.798; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.169–2.766) and malnutrition (AOR = 2.065; 95% CI, 1.239–3.443) were significantly associated with S. pneumoniae carriage. A high nasopharyngeal carriage of S. pneumoniae was observed among children under five in Southwest Ethiopia. There should be a strategy to prevent S. pneumoniae nasopharyngeal colonization and identify the appropriate antibiotic to the individual child.
State of the Art of Antimicrobial Edible Coatings for Food Packaging Applications
Authors: Valdés Arantzazu , Ramos Marina , Beltrán Ana , Jiménez Alfonso , Garrigós María
Published: April 2017

The interest for the development of new active packaging materials has rapidly increased in the last few years. Antimicrobial active packaging is a potential alternative to protect perishable products during their preparation, storage and distribution to increase their shelf-life by reducing bacterial and fungal growth. This review underlines the most recent trends in the use of new edible coatings enriched with antimicrobial agents to reduce the growth of different microorganisms, such as Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, molds and yeasts. The application of edible biopolymers directly extracted from biomass (proteins, lipids and polysaccharides) or their combinations, by themselves or enriched with natural extracts, essential oils, bacteriocins, metals or enzyme systems, such as lactoperoxidase, have shown interesting properties to reduce the contamination and decomposition of perishable food products, mainly fish, meat, fruits and vegetables. These formulations can be also applied to food products to control gas exchange, moisture permeation and oxidation processes.
Unsustainability Risk Causality in a Private Industrial Forest: An Institutional Analysis of Factors Affecting Stand Ecosystem Services in Kochi Prefecture, Japan
Authors: Gain Dennis , Watanabe Tsunemi
Published: April 2017

Much research in recent years has analyzed the ecosystem service aspect of forests, while highlighting the need for sustainable forests. Forest management mechanisms at an inter-institutional level in Japan have been identified to hinder the implementation of forest management that is focused on the equal production of ecosystem services. This study presents an institutional analysis of unsustainability risk causality in a private industrial forest in Kochi Prefecture, Japan, from an ecosystem perspective incorporating common ecosystem service hazards that affect the sustainability functions of forests. This was performed with the aim to offer a basis for a less complicated analysis of ecosystem service hazards in industrial forests and to provide causal clarity at different institution levels. It was found that due to Japan’s systematic top-down forest management approach with the law at the top, vertical relationships cause direct and indirect negative horizontal relationships at each institutional level. To mitigate vertical and horizontal effects, institutional adaptions must be performed to address a combination of satisfier and hygiene factors. Under current conditions of non-enforceable forest policy, objectives and decisions regarding policy and management instruments at the national level must be integrated. This requires effective and adaptive multi-level institutional governance.
K-mer Content, Correlation, and Position Analysis of Genome DNA Sequences for the Identification of Function and Evolutionary Features
Authors: Sievers Aaron , Bosiek Katharina , Bisch Marc , Dreessen Chris , Riedel Jascha , Froß Patrick , Hausmann Michael , Hildenbrand Georg
Published: April 2017

In genome analysis, k-mer-based comparison methods have become standard tools. However, even though they are able to deliver reliable results, other algorithms seem to work better in some cases. To improve k-mer-based DNA sequence analysis and comparison, we successfully checked whether adding positional resolution is beneficial for finding and/or comparing interesting organizational structures. A simple but efficient algorithm for extracting and saving local k-mer spectra (frequency distribution of k-mers) was developed and used. The results were analyzed by including positional information based on visualizations as genomic maps and by applying basic vector correlation methods. This analysis was concentrated on small word lengths (1 ≤ k ≤ 4) on relatively small viral genomes of Papillomaviridae and Herpesviridae, while also checking its usability for larger sequences, namely human chromosome 2 and the homologous chromosomes (2A, 2B) of a chimpanzee. Using this alignment-free analysis, several regions with specific characteristics in Papillomaviridae and Herpesviridae formerly identified by independent, mostly alignment-based methods, were confirmed. Correlations between the k-mer content and several genes in these genomes have been found, showing similarities between classified and unclassified viruses, which may be potentially useful for further taxonomic research. Furthermore, unknown k-mer correlations in the genomes of Human Herpesviruses (HHVs), which are probably of major biological function, are found and described. Using the chromosomes of a chimpanzee and human that are currently known, identities between the species on every analyzed chromosome were reproduced. This demonstrates the feasibility of our approach for large data sets of complex genomes. Based on these results, we suggest k-mer analysis with positional resolution as a method for closing a gap between the effectiveness of alignment-based methods (like NCBI BLAST) and the high pace of standard k-mer analysis.
SAK-HV Decreases the Self-Ubiquitination of MEKK1 to Promote Macrophage Proliferation via MAPK/ERK and JNK Pathways
Authors: Zhang Chao , Chen Yao , Gan Xiangdong , Huang Zhiguang , Zou Minji , Fu Wenliang , Xing Weiwei , Xu Donggang
Published: April 2017

SAK-HV is an anti-atherosclerosis recombinant fusion protein developed by our lab. Our study determined that SAK-HV promoted macrophage proliferation, of which the mechanism was explored by both RAW264.7 cells and primary macrophages. Mass spectrometric analysis and co-immunoprecipitation were combined to screen the SAK-HV-interacting proteins in RAW264.7 cells. Confocal microscopy was adopted to detect the localization of SAK-HV in cells. The results indicated that SAK-HV triggered macrophage proliferation via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) pathways by its SAK-mutant functional domain. We screened out Uba1 as the SAK-HV-interacting protein in the RAW264.7 cells and discovered their co-localization in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Inhibiting Uba1 significantly decreased the SAK-HV-induced macrophage proliferation. Thus, we postulated an attractive model of ubiquitination, in which the interactions between Uba1 and specific E2 enzymes are blocked by its interaction with SAK-HV. Based on this model, we detected the decreased self-ubiquitination of MEKK1 after SAK-HV treatment and concluded that SAK-HV inhibits the self-ubiquitination of MEKK1 via its SAK-mutant functional domain to activate MAPK/ERK and JNK pathways, promoting macrophage proliferation. This conclusion highly supported our hypothesized model of ubiquitination at the level of Uba1, which may represent a novel paradigm to promote macrophage proliferation by using the E1 enzyme (Uba1) as a switch.
Folic Acid Reduces Tau Phosphorylation by Regulating PP2A Methylation in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice
Authors: Zheng Miaoyan , Zou Chen , Li Mengyue , Huang Guowei , Gao Yuxia , Liu Huan
Published: April 2017

High incidence rate of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is observed in patients with type 2 diabetes. Aggregated β-amyloid (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau are the hallmarks of AD. Hyperphosphorylated tau has been detected in diabetic animals as well as in diabetic patients. Folates mediate the transfer of one carbon unit, required in various biochemical reactions. The effect of folate on tau phosphorylation in diabetic models still remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect and mechanism of folic acid on hyperphosphorylation of tau in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Diabetic mice induced by STZ, at the age of 10 weeks, were administered with three levels of folic acid: folic acid-deficient diet, diet with normal folic acid content, and 120 μg/kg folic acid diet for 8 weeks. Levels of serum folate and blood glucose were monitored. Tau phosphorylation, protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) methylation, and Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) phosphorylation were detected using Western blot. The S-adenosyl methionine:S-adenosyl homocysteine ratio (SAM:SAH) in brain tissues was also determined. DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) mRNA expression levels were detected using real-time PCR. Folic acid reduced tau hyperphosphorylation at Ser396 in the brain of diabetes mellitus (DM) mice. In addition, PP2A methylation and DNMT1 mRNA expression were significantly increased in DM mice post folic acid treatment. GSK-3β phosphorylation was not regulated by folic acid administration. Folic acid can reduce tau phosphorylation by regulating PP2A methylation in diabetic mice. These results support that folic acid can serve as a multitarget neuronal therapeutic agent for treating diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction.
ZeGlobalTox: An Innovative Approach to Address Organ Drug Toxicity Using Zebrafish
Authors: Cornet Carles , Calzolari Simone , Miñana-Prieto Rafael , Dyballa Sylvia , Van Doornmalen Els , Rutjes Helma , Savy Thierry , D’Amico Davide , Terriente Javier
Published: April 2017

Toxicity is one of the major attrition causes during the drug development process. In that line, cardio-, neuro-, and hepatotoxicities are among the main reasons behind the retirement of drugs in clinical phases and post market withdrawal. Zebrafish exploitation in high-throughput drug screening is becoming an important tool to assess the toxicity and efficacy of novel drugs. This animal model has, from early developmental stages, fully functional organs from a physiological point of view. Thus, drug-induced organ-toxicity can be detected in larval stages, allowing a high predictive power on possible human drug-induced liabilities. Hence, zebrafish can bridge the gap between preclinical in vitro safety assays and rodent models in a fast and cost-effective manner. ZeGlobalTox is an innovative assay that sequentially integrates in vivo cardio-, neuro-, and hepatotoxicity assessment in the same animal, thus impacting strongly in the 3Rs principles. It Reduces, by up to a third, the number of animals required to assess toxicity in those organs. It Refines the drug toxicity evaluation through novel physiological parameters. Finally, it might allow the Replacement of classical species, such as rodents and larger mammals, thanks to its high predictivity (Specificity: 89%, Sensitivity: 68% and Accuracy: 78%).
Melatonin: A Review of Its Potential Functions and Effects on Dental Diseases
Authors: Permuy Maria , López-Peña Mónica , González-Cantalapiedra Antonio , Muñoz Fernando
Published: April 2017

Melatonin is a hormone synthesised and secreted by the pineal gland and other organs. Its secretion, controlled by an endogenous circadian cycle, has been proven to exert immunological, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects that can be beneficial in the treatment of certain dental diseases. This article is aimed at carrying out a review of the literature published about the use of melatonin in the dental field and summarising its potential effects. In this review article, an extensive search in different databases of scientific journals was performed with the objective of summarising all of the information published on melatonin use in dental diseases, focussing on periodontal diseases and dental implantology. Melatonin released in a natural way into the saliva, or added as an external treatment, may have important implications for dental disorders, such as periodontal disease, as well as in the osseointegration of dental implants, due to its anti-inflammatory and osseoconductive effects. Melatonin has demonstrated to have beneficial effects on dental pathologies, although further research is needed to understand the exact mechanisms of this molecule.