bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extensive inland thinning and speed-up of Northeast Greenland Ice Stream
Authors: Khan Shfaqat A. , Choi Youngmin , Morlighem Mathieu , Rignot Eric , Helm Veit , Humbert Angelika , Mouginot Jérémie , Millan Romain , Kjær Kurt H. , Bjørk Anders A.
Published: November 2022

Over the past two decades, ice loss from the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) has increased owing to enhanced surface melting and ice discharge to the ocean1–5. Whether continuing increased ice loss will accelerate further, and by how much, remains contentious6–9. A main contributor to future ice loss is the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream (NEGIS), Greenland’s largest basin and a prominent feature of fast-flowing ice that reaches the interior of the GrIS10–12. Owing to its topographic setting, this sector is vulnerable to rapid retreat, leading to unstable conditions similar to those in the marine-based setting of ice streams in Antarctica13–20. Here we show that extensive speed-up and thinning triggered by frontal changes in 2012 have already propagated more than 200 km inland. We use unique global navigation satellite system (GNSS) observations, combined with surface elevation changes and surface speeds obtained from satellite data, to select the correct basal conditions to be used in ice flow numerical models, which we then use for future simulations. Our model results indicate that this marine-based sector alone will contribute 13.5–15.5 mm sea-level rise by 2100 (equivalent to the contribution of the entire ice sheet over the past 50 years) and will cause precipitous changes in the coming century. This study shows that measurements of subtle changes in the ice speed and elevation inland help to constrain numerical models of the future mass balance and higher-end projections show better agreement with observations.
The neurons that restore walking after paralysis
Authors: Kathe Claudia , Skinnider Michael A. , Hutson Thomas H. , Regazzi Nicola , Gautier Matthieu , Demesmaeker Robin , Komi Salif , Ceto Steven , James Nicholas D. , Cho Newton , Baud Laetitia , Galan Katia , Matson Kaya J. E. , Rowald Andreas , Kim Kyungjin , Wang Ruijia , Minassian Karen , Prior John O. , Asboth Leonie , Barraud Quentin , Lacour Stéphanie P. , Levine Ariel J. , Wagner Fabien , Bloch Jocelyne , Squair Jordan W. , Courtine Grégoire
Published: November 2022

A spinal cord injury interrupts pathways from the brain and brainstem that project to the lumbar spinal cord, leading to paralysis. Here we show that spatiotemporal epidural electrical stimulation (EES) of the lumbar spinal cord1–3 applied during neurorehabilitation4,5 (EESREHAB) restored walking in nine individuals with chronic spinal cord injury. This recovery involved a reduction in neuronal activity in the lumbar spinal cord of humans during walking. We hypothesized that this unexpected reduction reflects activity-dependent selection of specific neuronal subpopulations that become essential for a patient to walk after spinal cord injury. To identify these putative neurons, we modelled the technological and therapeutic features underlying EESREHAB in mice. We applied single-nucleus RNA sequencing6–9 and spatial transcriptomics10,11 to the spinal cords of these mice to chart a spatially resolved molecular atlas of recovery from paralysis. We then employed cell type12,13 and spatial prioritization to identify the neurons involved in the recovery of walking. A single population of excitatory interneurons nested within intermediate laminae emerged. Although these neurons are not required for walking before spinal cord injury, we demonstrate that they are essential for the recovery of walking with EES following spinal cord injury. Augmenting the activity of these neurons phenocopied the recovery of walking enabled by EESREHAB, whereas ablating them prevented the recovery of walking that occurs spontaneously after moderate spinal cord injury. We thus identified a recovery-organizing neuronal subpopulation that is necessary and sufficient to regain walking after paralysis. Moreover, our methodology establishes a framework for using molecular cartography to identify the neurons that produce complex behaviours.
Significant muscle loss after stereotactic body radiotherapy predicts worse survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yang Jen-Fu , Huang Wen-Yen , Lo Cheng-Hsiang , Lee Meei-Shyuan , Lin Chun-Shu , Shen Po-Chien , Dai Yang-Hong , Wang Ying-Fu , Chen Teng-Wei
Published: November 2022

The relationship between sarcopenia and treatment outcomes, especially in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has not been well-explored. This study aimed to investigate the effects of sarcopenia on the survival and toxicity after SBRT in patients with HCC. We included 137 patients with HCC treated with SBRT between 2008 and 2018. Sarcopenia was defined as a skeletal muscle index (SMI) of < 49 cm2/m2 for men and < 31 cm2/m2 for women using computed tomography images at the mid-level of the third lumbar vertebra. The SMI change was presented as the change per 90 days. The Kaplan–Meier method was used for survival estimation, and the Cox regression was used to determine prognosticators. Sarcopenia was present in 67 of 137 eligible patients. With the median follow-up of 14.1 months and 32.7 months in the entire cohort and in those alive, respectively, patients with pre-SBRT sarcopenia or SMI loss ≥ 7% after SBRT had worse overall survival than their counterparts. Significant survival predictors on multivariate analysis were SMI loss ≥ 7% after SBRT [hazard ratio (HR): 1.96, p = 0.013], presence of extrahepatic metastasis (HR: 3.47, p < 0.001), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (HR: 1.79, p = 0.027), and multiple tumors (HR: 2.19, p = 0.003). Separate Cox models according to the absence and presence of pre-SBRT sarcopenia showed that SMI loss ≥ 7% remained a significant survival predictor in patients with sarcopenia (HR: 3.06, p = 0.017) compared with those without sarcopenia. SMI loss ≥ 7% is also a predictor of the Child–Pugh score increase by ≥ 2 points after SBRT. SMI loss ≥ 7% after SBRT is a significant prognostic factor for worse survival and is associated with liver toxicity compared with pre-SBRT sarcopenia.
A comparative framework to analyze convergence on Twitter electoral conversations
Authors: Cárdenas-Sánchez Daniel , Sampayo Andrés Miguel , Rodríguez-Prieto Maykol , Feged-Rivadeneira Alejandro
Published: November 2022

Literature on social networks and elections has focused on predicting electoral outcomes rather than on understanding how the discussions between users evolve over time. As a result, most studies focus on a single election and few comparative studies exist. In this article, a framework to analyze Twitter conversations about the election candidates is proposed. Using DeGroot’s consensus model (an assumption that all users are attempting to persuade others to talk about a candidate), this framework is useful to identify the structure and strength of connections of the mention networks on the months before an election day. It also helps to make comparisons between elections and identify patterns in different contexts. In concrete, it was found that elections in which the incumbent was running have slower convergence (more closed communities with fewer links between them) and that there is no difference between parliamentary and presidential elections. Therefore, there is evidence that the political system and the role of the incumbent in the election influences the way conversations on Twitter occur.
Diffuse CO2 degassing precursors of the January 2020 eruption of Taal volcano, Philippines
Authors: Pérez Nemesio M. , Melián Gladys V. , Hernández Pedro A. , Padrón Eleazar , Padilla Germán D. , Baldago Ma. Criselda , Barrancos José , Rodríguez Fátima , Asensio-Ramos María , Alonso Mar , Arcilla Carlo , Lagmay Alfredo Mahar
Published: November 2022

On January 12, 2020, Taal volcano in Philippines erupted, 43 years after its previous eruption in 1977. This eruption was preceded by diffuse CO2degassing precursory signals. Significant temporal variations in diffuse CO2emission from Taal Main Crater Lake (TMLC) were observed across the ~ 12 years reaching high CO2degassing rates in 2011 and 2017, with values typical of plume degassing volcanoes. In addition to these CO2surveys at the TCML, soil CO2efflux continuous monitoring was implemented at Taal volcano since 2016 and a clear increasing trend of the soil CO2efflux in 2017 was observed. These geochemical observations are most simply explained by magma recharge to the system, and represent the earliest warning precursor signals to the January 2020 eruptive activity.
The low frequency pressure pulsation and control of the open-jet wind tunnel
Authors: Hu Xingjun , Luo Yufei , Leng Jiu , Guo Peng , Yu Tianming , Wang Jingyu
Published: November 2022

An open jet wind tunnel has low-frequency pressure pulsation in common wind speed range due to its unique structural form, which seriously damages the quality of flow field in the test section. The low-frequency pressure fluctuation performance and control mechanism of Jilin University open jet and return flow wind tunnel are investigated by experiments and numerical simulation. The results show that the low-frequency pressure fluctuation is a narrow pulse phenomenon that only occurs in certain intervals, and several velocity intervals may be found in the same wind tunnel. The reliability of the numerical simulation is verified by comparing the peak frequency and amplitude of pressure fluctuation in numerical simulation and wind tunnel tests. A simplified model similar to and amplifying the phenomenon is established. The flow structure and vortex evolution are analyzed via detached eddy simulation. In the test section, large-scale shedding vortices are formed at the nozzle exit, introducing periodic pulsating instantaneous velocity and acting with the collector to form an edge-feedback. This acoustic feedback forms resonance with the pipeline circuit, resulting in poor flow field quality. In accordance with the mechanism of nozzle jet, two methods of controlling pulsation are proposed: spoiler and flow-follow device. The study shows that the effects of two methods are abrupt, and the frequency of pressure pulsation is changed. The spoiler destroys the complete structure of vortex ring in free jet and develops into a complementary double vortex ring structure, which is highly sensitive to size factors. The flow-follow device supplements the velocity loss of the free jet at the nozzle and develops into a double vortex ring with master–slave structure in the middle of the test section. Its vibration reduction effect is greatly affected by the flow velocity. It takes effect in an appropriate range where the flow velocity is higher than the nozzle velocity. If the follow velocity is extremely low, the flow-follow device cannot change the original jet structure. If the follow velocity is extremely high, the momentum of the fan will be greatly reduced, the flow field will be unstable, and another order of pulsation may be induced. This work lays a solid foundation for further understanding the aerodynamic characteristics and optimization mechanism of open jet wind tunnel.
Comparison of detection performance of soft tissue calcifications using artificial intelligence in panoramic radiography
Authors: Song Yool Bin , Jeong Ho-Gul , Kim Changgyun , Kim Donghyun , Kim Jaeyeon , Kim Hyung Jun , Park Wonse
Published: November 2022

Artificial intelligence (AI) is limited to teeth and periodontal disease in the dental field, and is used for diagnosis assistance or data analysis, and there has been no research conducted in actual clinical situations. So, we created an environment similar to actual clinical practice and conducted research by selecting three of the soft tissue diseases (carotid artery calcification, lymph node calcification, and sialolith) that are difficult for general dentists to see. Therefore, in this study, the accuracy and reading time are evaluated using panoramic images and AI. A total of 20,000 panoramic images including three diseases were used to develop and train a fast R-CNN model. To compare the performance of the developed model, two oral and maxillofacial radiologists (OMRs) and two general dentists (GDs) read 352 images, excluding the panoramic images used in development for soft tissue calcification diagnosis. On the first visit, the observers read images without AI; on the second visit, the same observers used AI to read the same image. The diagnostic accuracy and specificity for soft tissue calcification of AI were high from 0.727 to 0.926 and from 0.171 to 1.000, whereas the sensitivity for lymph node calcification and sialolith were low at 0.250 and 0.188, respectively. The reading time of AI increased in the GD group (619 to 1049) and decreased in the OMR group (1347 to 1372). In addition, reading scores increased in both groups (GD from 11.4 to 39.8 and OMR from 3.4 to 10.8). Using AI, although the detection sensitivity of sialolith and lymph node calcification was lower than that of carotid artery calcification, the total reading time of the OMR specialists was reduced and the GDs reading accuracy was improved. The AI used in this study helped to improve the diagnostic accuracy of the GD group, who were not familiar with the soft tissue calcification diagnosis, but more data sets are needed to improve the detection performance of the two diseases with low sensitivity of AI.
In vitro study of the ecotoxicological risk of methylisothiazolinone and chloroxylenol towards soil bacteria
Authors: Nowak-Lange Marta , Niedziałkowska Katarzyna , Bernat Przemysław , Lisowska Katarzyna
Published: November 2022

Methylisothiazolinone (MIT) and chloroxylenol (PCMX) are popular disinfectants often used in personal care products (PCPs). The unregulated discharge of these micropollutants into the environment, as well as the use of sewage sludge as fertilizer and reclaimed water in agriculture, poses a serious threat to ecosystems. However, research into their ecotoxicity towards nontarget organisms is very limited. In the present study, for the first time, the ecotoxicity of biocides to Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas moorei, Sphingomonas mali, and Bacillus subtilis was examined. The toxicity of MIT and PCMX was evaluated using the microdilution method, and their influence on the viability of bacterial cells was investigated by the AlamarBlue® test. The ability of the tested bacteria to form biofilms was examined by a microtiter plate assay. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured with CM-H2DCFDA. The effect of MIT and PCMX on phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production was determined by spectrophotometry and LC‒MS/MS techniques. The permeability of bacterial cell membranes was studied using the SYTOX Green assay. Changes in the phospholipid profile were analysed using LC‒MS/MS. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) values ranged from 3.907 to 15.625 mg L−1 for MIT and 62.5 to 250 mg L−1 for PCMX, indicating that MIT was more toxic. With increasing concentrations of MIT and PCMX, the cell viability, biofilm formation ability and phytohormone synthesis were maximally inhibited. Moreover, the growth of bacterial cell membrane permeability and a significantly increased content of ROS were observed, indicating that the exposure caused serious oxidative stress and homeostasis disorders. Additionally, modifications in the phospholipid profile were observed in response to the presence of sublethal concentrations of the chemicals. These results prove that the environmental threat posed by MIT and PCMX must be carefully monitored, especially as their use in PCPs is still growing.
Effect of metal/dielectric substrates on photopolymerization of BITh thin films
Authors: Hesami L. , Yang C. , Anwar E. , Noginova N. , Noginov M. A.
Published: November 2022

We have studied effects of metal–dielectric substrates on photopolymerization of [2,2ʹ-Bi-1H-indene]-1,1ʹ-dione-3,3ʹ-diyl diheptanoate (BITh) monomer. We synthetized BITh and spin-coated it onto a variety of dielectric, metallic, and metal–dielectric substrates. The films were exposed to radiation of a UV–Visible Xe lamp, causing photo-polymerization of monomer molecules. The magnitude and the rate of the photo-polymerization were monitored by measuring the strength of the ~ 480 nm absorption band, which existed in the monomer but not in the polymer. Expectedly, the rate of photo-polymerization changed nearly linearly with the change of the pumping intensity. In contrast with our early study of photo-degradation of semiconducting polymer P3HT, the rate of photo-polymerization of BITh is getting modestly higher if the monomer film is deposited on top of silver separated from the monomer by a thin insulating MgF2 layer preventing a charge transfer. This effect is partly due to a constructive interference of the incident and reflected light waves, as well as known in the literature effects of metal/dielectric substrates on a variety of spectroscopic and energy transfer parameters. At the same time, the rate of photopolymerization is getting threefold larger if monomer is deposited on Ag film directly and charge transfer is allowed. Finally, Au substrates cause modest (~ 50%) enhancement of both monomer film absorption and the rate of photo-polymerization.
Porcine placental extract increase the cellular NAD levels in human epidermal keratinocytes
Authors: Katayoshi Takeshi , Yamaura Nobuaki , Nakajo Takahisa , Kitajima Natsuko , Tsuji-Naito Kentaro
Published: November 2022

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is an essential cofactor for numerous enzymes involved in energy metabolism. Because decreasing NAD levels is a common hallmark of the aging process in various tissues and organs, maintaining NAD levels has recently been of interest for the prevention of aging and age-related diseases. Although placental extract (PE) are known to possess several anti-aging effects, the NAD-boosting activity of PE remains unknown. In this study, we found that porcine PE (PPE) significantly increased intracellular NAD levels in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs). PPE also attenuated the NAD depletion induced by FK866, an inhibitor of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT). Interestingly, only the fraction containing nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), nicotinamide riboside (NR), and nicotinamide (NAM) restored NAD content in NHEKs in the absence of NAMPT activity. These results suggest that PPE increases intracellular NAD by providing NAD precursors such as NMN, NR, and NAM. Finally, we showed that the application of PPE to the stratum corneum of the reconstructed human epidermis significantly ameliorated FK866-induced NAD depletion, suggesting that topical PPE may be helpful for increasing skin NAD levels. This is the first study to report the novel biological activity of PE as an NAD booster in human epidermal cells.
Identification of a TNF-TNFR-like system in malaria vectors (Anopheles stephensi) likely to influence Plasmodium resistance
Authors: Srinivasan Subhashini , Ghosh Chaitali , Das Shrestha , Thakare Aditi , Singh Siddharth , Ganesh Apoorva , Mahawar Harsh , Jaisimha Aadhya , Krishna Mohanapriya , Chattopadhyay Aritra , Borah Rishima , Singh Vikrant , M Soumya , Kumar Naveen , Kumar Sampath , Swain Sunita , Subramani Suresh
Published: November 2022

Identification of Plasmodium-resistance genes in malaria vectors remains an elusive goal despite the recent availability of high-quality genomes of several mosquito vectors. Anopheles stephensi, with its three distinctly-identifiable forms at the egg stage, correlating with varying vector competence, offers an ideal species to discover functional mosquito genes implicated in Plasmodium resistance. Recently, the genomes of several strains of An. stephensi of the type-form, known to display high vectorial capacity, were reported. Here, we report a chromosomal-level assembly of an intermediate-form of An. stephensi strain (IndInt), shown to have reduced vectorial capacity relative to a strain of type-form (IndCh). The contig level assembly with a L50 of 4 was scaffolded into chromosomes by using the genome of IndCh as the reference. The final assembly shows a heterozygous paracentric inversion, 3Li, involving 8 Mbp, which is syntenic to the extensively-studied 2La inversion implicated in Plasmodium resistance in An. gambiae involving 21 Mbp. Deep annotation of genes within the 3Li region in the IndInt assembly using the state-of-the-art protein-fold prediction and other annotation tools reveals the presence of a tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) like gene, which is the homolog of the Eiger gene in Drosophila. Subsequent chromosome-wide searches revealed homologs of Wengen (Wgn) and Grindelwald (Grnd) genes, which are known to be the receptors for Eiger in Drosophila. We have identified all the genes in IndInt required for Eiger-mediated signaling by analogy to the TNF-alpha system, suggesting the presence of a functionally-active Eiger signaling pathway in IndInt. Comparative genomics of the three type-forms with that of IndInt, reveals structurally disruptive mutations in Eiger gene in all three strains of the type-form, suggesting compromised innate immunity in the type-form as the likely cause of high vectorial capacity in these strains. This is the first report of the presence of a homolog of Eiger in malaria vectors, known to be involved in cell death in Drosophila, within an inversion region in IndInt syntenic to an inversion associated with Plasmodium resistance in An. gambiae.
Evaluation of physical health status beyond daily step count using a wearable activity sensor
Authors: Xu Zheng , Zahradka Nicole , Ip Seyvonne , Koneshloo Amir , Roemmich Ryan T. , Sehgal Sameep , Highland Kristin B. , Searson Peter C.
Published: November 2022

Physical health status defines an individual’s ability to perform normal activities of daily living and is usually assessed in clinical settings by questionnaires and/or by validated tests, e.g. timed walk tests. These measurements have relatively low information content and are usually limited in frequency. Wearable sensors, such as activity monitors, enable remote measurement of parameters associated with physical activity but have not been widely explored beyond measurement of daily step count. Here we report on results from a cohort of 22 individuals with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) who were provided with a Fitbit activity monitor (Fitbit Charge HR®) between two clinic visits (18.4 ± 12.2 weeks). At each clinical visit, a maximum of 26 measurements were recorded (19 categorical and 7 continuous). From analysis of the minute-to-minute step rate and heart rate we derive several metrics associated with physical activity and cardiovascular function. These metrics are used to identify subgroups within the cohort and to compare to clinical parameters. Several Fitbit metrics are strongly correlated to continuous clinical parameters. Using a thresholding approach, we show that many Fitbit metrics result in statistically significant differences in clinical parameters between subgroups, including those associated with physical status, cardiovascular function, pulmonary function, as well as biomarkers from blood tests. These results highlight the fact that daily step count is only one of many metrics that can be derived from activity monitors.
Addressing the dichotomy of fishing and climate in fishery management with the FishClim model
Authors: Beaugrand Grégory , Balembois Alexis , Kléparski Loïck , Kirby Richard R.
Published: November 2022

The relative influence of fishing and Climate-Induced Environmental Change (CIEC) on long-term fluctuations in exploited fish stocks has been controversial1–3because separating their contributions is difficult for two reasons. Firstly, there is in general, no estimation of CIEC for a pre-fishing period and secondly, the assessment of the effects of fishing on stocks has taken place at the same time as CIEC4. Here, we describe a new model we have called FishClim that we apply to North Sea cod from 1963 to 2019 to estimate how fishing and CIEC interact and how they both may affect stocks in the future (2020-2100) using CMIP6 scenarios5. The FishClim model shows that both fishing and CIEC are intertwined and can either act synergistically (e.g. the 2000-2007 collapse) or antagonistically (e.g. second phase of the gadoid outburst). Failure to monitor CIEC, so that fisheries management immediately adjusts fishing effort in response to environmentally-driven shifts in stock productivity, will therefore create a deleterious response lag that may cause the stock to collapse. We found that during 1963-2019, although the effect of fishing and CIEC drivers fluctuated annually, the pooled influence of fishing and CIEC on the North Sea cod stock was nearly equal at ~55 and ~45%, respectively. Consequently, the application of FishClim, which quantifies precisely the respective influence of fishing and climate, will help to develop better strategies for sustainable, long-term, fish stock management.
Cell-free synthesis of amyloid fibrils with infectious properties and amenable to sub-milligram magic-angle spinning NMR analysis
Authors: Lends Alons , Daskalov Asen , Maleckis Ansis , Delamare Aline , Berbon Mélanie , Grélard Axelle , Morvan Estelle , Shenoy Jayakrishna , Dutour Antoine , Tolchard James , Noubhani Abdelmajid , Giraud Marie-France , Sanchez Corinne , Habenstein Birgit , Guichard Gilles , Compain Guillaume , Jaudzems Kristaps , Saupe Sven J. , Loquet Antoine
Published: November 2022

Structural investigations of amyloid fibrils often rely on heterologous bacterial overexpression of the protein of interest. Due to their inherent hydrophobicity and tendency to aggregate as inclusion bodies, many amyloid proteins are challenging to express in bacterial systems. Cell-free protein expression is a promising alternative to classical bacterial expression to produce hydrophobic proteins and introduce NMR-active isotopes that can improve and speed up the NMR analysis. Here we implement the cell-free synthesis of the functional amyloid prion HET-s(218-289). We present an interesting case where HET-s(218-289) directly assembles into infectious fibril in the cell-free expression mixture without the requirement of denaturation procedures and purification. By introducing tailored 13C and 15N isotopes or CF3 and 13CH2F labels at strategic amino-acid positions, we demonstrate that cell-free synthesized amyloid fibrils are readily amenable to high-resolution magic-angle spinning NMR at sub-milligram quantity.
Tcf12 is required to sustain myogenic genes synergism with MyoD by remodelling the chromatin landscape
Authors: Wang Sheng , Liao Yinlong , Zhang Haoyuan , Jiang Yunqi , Peng Zhelun , Ren Ruimin , Li Xinyun , Wang Heng
Published: November 2022

Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) are essential for skeletal muscle development and regeneration, ensuring muscle integrity and normal function. The myogenic proliferation and differentiation of MuSCs are orchestrated by a cascade of transcription factors. In this study, we elucidate the specific role of transcription factor 12 (Tcf12) in muscle development and regeneration based on loss-of-function studies. Muscle-specific deletion of Tcf12 cause muscle weight loss owing to the reduction of myofiber size during development. Inducible deletion of Tcf12 specifically in adult MuSCs delayed muscle regeneration. The examination of MuSCs reveal that Tcf12 deletion resulted in cell-autonomous defects during myogenesis and Tcf12 is necessary for proper myogenic gene expression. Mechanistically, TCF12 and MYOD work together to stabilise chromatin conformation and sustain muscle cell fate commitment-related gene and chromatin architectural factor expressions. Altogether, our findings identify Tcf12 as a crucial regulator of MuSCs chromatin remodelling that regulates muscle cell determination and participates in skeletal muscle development and regeneration.
Regional sea-level highstand triggered Holocene ice sheet thinning across coastal Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica
Authors: Suganuma Yusuke , Kaneda Heitaro , Mas e Braga Martim , Ishiwa Takeshige , Koyama Takushi , Newall Jennifer C. , Okuno Jun’ichi , Obase Takashi , Saito Fuyuki , Rogozhina Irina , Andersen Jane Lund , Kawamata Moto , Hirabayashi Motohiro , Lifton Nathaniel A. , Fredin Ola , Harbor Jonathan M. , Stroeven Arjen P. , Abe-Ouchi Ayako
Published: November 2022

The East Antarctic Ice Sheet stores a vast amount of freshwater, which makes it the single largest potential contributor to future sea-level rise. However, the lack of well-constrained geological records of past ice sheet changes impedes model validation, hampers mass balance estimates, and inhibits examination of ice loss mechanisms. Here we identify rapid ice-sheet thinning in coastal Dronning Maud Land from Early to Middle Holocene (9000–5000 years ago) using a deglacial chronology based on in situ cosmogenic nuclide surface exposure dates from central Dronning Maud Land, in concert with numerical simulations of regional and continental ice-sheet evolution. Regional sea-level changes reproduced from our refined ice-load history show a highstand at 9000–8000 years ago. We propose that sea-level rise and a concomitant influx of warmer Circumpolar Deep Water triggered ice shelf breakup via the marine ice sheet instability mechanism, which led to rapid thinning of upstream coastal ice sheet sectors.
Fundamental workings of chemical substitution at the A-site of perovskite oxides— a 207Pb NMR study of Ba-substituted PbZrO3
Authors: Egert Sonja , Koruza Jurij , Breitzke Hergen , Zhao Changhao , Malič Barbara , Buntkowsky Gerd , Groszewicz Pedro B.
Published: November 2022

207Pb NMR spectroscopy reveals the fundamental workings of chemical substitution at the A-site of perovskite oxides, and discloses how Ba2+ acts as the driving force of the antiferroelectric-to-ferroelectric phase transition in PbZrO3-based oxides.
Lewis acid improved dioxygen activation by a non-heme iron(ii) complex towards tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase activity for olefin oxygenation
Authors: Liao Guangjian , Mei Fuming , Chen Zhuqi , Yin Guochuan
Published: November 2022

Lewis acid can improve dioxygen activation by a non-heme iron(ii) complex, and enhance the electrophilic capability of in situ generated iron(iii) superoxo species for olefin oxygenation in catalysis.
Phosphorus ylides of cage-opened sulphide [60]fullerene derivatives
Authors: Hashikawa Yoshifumi , Fujikawa Nana , Okamoto Shu , Murata Yasujiro
Published: November 2022

The replacement of a ketone with a sulfide moiety changes the electronic properties of cage-opened fullerene ylides, thus causing a hypsochromic shift in absorption and a cathodic shift of reduction potentials.
Surface and lattice engineered ruthenium superstructures towards high-performance bifunctional hydrogen catalysis
Authors: Li Leigang , Liu Shangheng , Zhan Changhong , Wen Yan , Sun Zhefei , Han Jiajia , Chan Ting-Shan , Zhang Qiaobao , Hu Zhiwei , Huang Xiaoqing
Published: November 2022

Surface and lattice engineered Mo-modified Ru superstructures have been prepared with high performance for bifunctional hydrogen catalysis (HER and HOR).
Active site imprinting on Ti oxocluster metal–organic frameworks for photocatalytic hydrogen release from formic acid
Authors: García-Baldoví Alberto , Del Angel Raquel , Mouchaham Georges , Liu Shanping , Fan Dong , Maurin Guillaume , Navalón Sergio , Serre Christian , Garcia Hermenegildo
Published: November 2022

MOFs offer great potential in the photocatalytic hydrogen release from liquid organic carriers: towards the use of on-board H2as a transportation fuel.
Recent trends in carbon nanotube (CNT)-based biosensors for the fast and sensitive detection of human viruses: a critical review
Authors: Meskher Hicham , Mustansar Hussain Chaudhery , Thakur Amrit Kumar , Sathyamurthy Ravishankar , Lynch Iseult , Singh Punit , Han Tan Kim , Saidur Rahman
Published: November 2022

Sensitive and selective detection of SARS-CoV-2 using carbon nanotube (CNTs)-based biosensors for fast, robust and cheap diagnosis of infection to support pandemic management.
Self-array of one-dimensional GaN nanorods using the electric field on dielectrophoresis for the photonic emitters of display pixel
Authors: Kim Sohyeon , Lee Hannah , Jung Gyeong-Hun , Kim Minji , Kim Ilsoo , Han Myungsoo , Lee Suhan , Oh Semi , Lim Jae-Hong , Kim Kyoung-Kook
Published: November 2022

GaN nanorod (GNR)-integrated photonic emitters (GIPEs) with horizontally self-arrayed GNRs were fabricated for the next generation displays. The self-array performance of GNRs was enhanced by the effective electric-field area.
A ternary PdNiMo alloy as a bifunctional nanocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Wu Xiao , Liu Xiangnan , He Yi , Lei Lecheng , Hao Shaoyun , Zhang Xingwang
Published: November 2022

Mo0.2Pd3Ni/NC shows superior electrochemical performances for both ORR and HER due to the charge redistribution among Ni, Pd, and Mo, tuning the electronic structure of Pd.
Combustion induced synthesis of multicomponent Cu-based catalysts for autocatalytic CO hydrogenation to methanol in a three-phase reactor system
Authors: Pandey Vaibhav , Pant Kamal K. , Upadhyayula Sreedevi
Published: November 2022

The MgO and ZnO in the CuZnOMgO catalytic system in a slurry reactor result in improved activity and stability, respectively. The slurry reactors induce the autocatalytic methanol synthesis which results in a higher space–time yield.
Perovskite-inspired Cu2AgBiI6 for mesoscopic indoor photovoltaics under realistic low-light intensity conditions
Authors: Grandhi G. Krishnamurthy , Toikkonen Sami , Al-Anesi Basheer , Pecunia Vincenzo , Vivo Paola
Published: November 2022

Low-toxicity perovskite-inspired Cu2AgBiI6 is a potential candidate for indoor photovoltaics. Cu2AgBiI6-based photovoltaics with an optimized mesoporous TiO2 thickness ensure high fill factor and a power conversion efficiency of 4.64% at 200 lux.
Well-defined hierarchical teddy bear sunflower-like NiCo2O4electrocatalyst for superior water oxidation
Authors: Bodhankar Pradnya M. , Dhawale Dattatray S. , Giddey Sarbjit , Kumar Ravi , Sarawade Pradip B.
Published: November 2022

Transition metal oxides were fabricated by a facile solvothermal route. The hierarchical NiCo2O4electrocatalyst exhibited enhanced water oxidation performance due to the unique teddy bear sunflower-like morphology.
Different states and the associated fates of biomolecular condensates
Authors: Ranganathan Srivastav , Liu Junlang , Shakhnovich Eugene
Published: November 2022

Biomolecular condensates are functional assemblies, which can enrich intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and/or RNAs at concentrations that are orders of magnitude higher than the bulk. In their native functional state, these structures can exist in multiple physical states including liquid-droplet phase, hydrogels, and solid assemblies. On the other hand, an aberrant transition between these physical states can result in loss-of-function or a gain-of-toxic-function. A prime example of such an aberrant transition is droplet aging—a phenomenon where some condensates may progressively transition into less dynamic material states at biologically relevant timescales. In this essay, we review structural and viscoelastic roots of aberrant liquid–solid transitions. Also, we highlight the different checkpoints and experimentally tunable handles, both active (ATP-dependent enzymes, post-translational modifications) and passive (colocalization of RNA molecules), that could alter the material state of assemblies.
Musical Training Enhances Categorical Perception of Speech in Preschoolers: Training Duration and Musical Program Matter
Authors: Yao Yao , Chen Xiaoxiang , Chen Fei , Zhu Jiaqiang
Published: November 2022

Purpose:

Previous research has indicated the beneficial effects of musical training on speech perception in children. However, little has been known about whether musical training exerts transfer effects on fine-grained perception of linguistic pitch and time information. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different musical training programs and training duration on preschoolers' categorical perception (CP) of lexical tones and voice onset time (VOT) in Mandarin Chinese, which utilize pitch and time changes, respectively, to convey phonemic contrasts.

Method:

Sixty-one Mandarin-speaking children aged 4 years were randomly assigned to pitch-based musical training (carillon group), rhythm-based musical training (drum group), or handcraft learning (control group). Children completed the tests designed to assess their musical abilities, CP of lexical tones and VOT, IQ, and working memory at three time-points. Repeated-measures analyses of variance were conducted to evaluate the training-related effects in various tasks. Correlation analyses were used to infer the relationships between musical abilities and CP performance of speech.

Results:

The carillon group demonstrated advantages over the drum and control groups in music pitch processing and CP of lexical tones; besides, the drum group performed better in the music time processing and CP of VOT than the control group. Moreover, positive correlations were found between musical gains and improvements on CP of speech.

Conclusions:

These results provide evidence that transfer effects occur in CP of lexical tones and VOT in preschoolers. Our findings highlight the selectivity of musical advantages driven by different components of training programs and suggest that long-term musical training could be a means of early speech rehabilitation in children with communication disorders.
Modeling disks and magnetic outflows around a forming massive star
Authors: Oliva André , Kuiper Rolf
Published: November 2022

Context. Similar to their lower mass siblings, massive protostars can be expected to: (a) be surrounded by circumstellar disks, and (b) launch magnetically driven jets and outflows. The disk formation and global evolution is thereby controlled by advection of angular momentum from large scales, the efficiency of magnetic braking and the resistivity of the medium, and the internal thermal and magnetic pressures of the disk.

Aims. We determine the dominant physical mechanisms that shape the appearance of these circumstellar disks, their sizes, and aspect ratios.

Methods. We performed a series of 30 simulations of a massive star forming from the gravitational collapse of a molecular cloud threaded by an initially uniform magnetic field, starting from different values for the mass of the cloud, its initial density and rotation profiles, its rotational energy content, the magnetic field strength, and the resistivity of the material. The gas and dust was modeled with the methods of resistive magnetohydrodynamics, also considering radiation transport of thermal emission and self-gravity. We checked for the impact of spatial resolution in a dedicated convergence study.

Results. After the initial infall phase dominated by the gravitational collapse, an accretion disk was formed, shortly followed by the launching of magnetically driven outflows. Two layers can be distinguished in the accretion disk: a thin layer, vertically supported by thermal pressure, and a thick layer, vertically supported by magnetic pressure. Both regions exhibit Keplerian-like rotation and grow outward over time. We observed the effects of magnetic braking in the inner ~50 au of the disk at late times in our fiducial case. The parameter study reveals that the size of the disk is mostly determined by the density and rotation profiles of the initial mass reservoir and not by the magnetic field strength. We find that the disk size and protostellar mass gain scale with the initial mass of the cloud. Magnetic pressure can slightly increase the size of the accretion disk, while magnetic braking is more relevant in the innermost parts of the disk as opposed to the outer disk. From the parameter study, we infer that multiple initial conditions for the onset of gravitational collapse are able to produce a given disk size and protostellar mass.
Cross-section measurement of virtual photoproduction of iso-triplet three-body hypernucleus, Λnn
Authors: Gogami T. , Suzuki K. N. , Pandey B. , Itabashi K. , Nagao S. , Okuyama K. , Nakamura S. N. , Tang L. , Abrams D. , Akiyama T. , Androic D. , Aniol K. , Ayerbe Gayoso C. , Bane J. , Barcus S. , Barrow J. , Bellini V. , Bhatt H. , Bhetuwal D. , Biswas D. , Camsonne A. , Castellanos J. , Chen J-P. , Chen J. , Covrig S. , Chrisman D. , Cruz-Torres R. , Das R. , Fuchey E. , Gnanvo K. , Garibaldi F. , Gautam T. , Gomez J. , Gueye P. , Hague T. J. , Hansen O. , Henry W. , Hauenstein F. , Higinbotham D. W. , Hyde C. E. , Kaneta M. , Keppel C. , Kutz T. , Lashley-Colthirst N. , Li S. , Liu H. , Mammei J. , Markowitz P. , McClellan R. E. , Meddi F. , Meekins D. , Michaels R. , Mihovilovic M. , Moyer A. , Nguyen D. , Nycz M. , Owen V. , Palatchi C. , Park S. , Petkovic T. , Premathilake S. , Reimer P. E. , Reinhold J. , Riordan S. , Rodriguez V. , Samanta C. , Santiesteban S. N. , Sawatzky B. , Širca S. , Slifer K. , Su T. , Tian Y. , Toyama Y. , Uehara K. , Urciuoli G. M. , Votaw D. , Williamson J. , Wojtsekhowski B. , Wood S. A. , Yale B. , Ye Z. , Zhang J. , Zheng X.
Published: November 2022

Missing-mass spectroscopy with the 3H(e, e′K+) reaction was carried out at Jefferson Lab’s (JLab) Hall A in Oct–Nov, 2018. The differential cross section for the 3H(γ∗, K+)Λnn was deduced at ω = Ee − Ee′ = 2.102 GeV and at the forward K+-scattering angle (0° ≤ θγ∗K ≤ 5°) in the laboratory frame. Given typical predicted energies and decay widths, which are (BΛ, Γ) = (−0.25, 0.8) and (−0.55, 4.7) MeV, the cross sections were found to be 11.2 ± 4.8(stat.)+4.1−2.1(sys.) and 18.1 ± 6.8(stat.)+4.2−2.9(sys.) nb/sr, respectively. The obtained result would impose a constraint for interaction models particularly between Λ and neutron by comparing to theoretical calculations.
Results of the 𝚵− atomic X-ray measurement in J-PARC E07
Authors: Fujita Manami , Ishikawa Y. , Ukai M. , Kanauchi H. , Koike T. , Tamura H. , Hosomi K. , Yamamoto T.O. , Ekawa H. , Hayakawa S.H. , Nakazawa K. , Yoshida J. , Yoshimoto M. , Kasagi A. , Nishimura N. , Hayashi K.
Published: November 2022

Ξ− atomic X-ray spectroscopy is one of the most useful methods for investigation of the Ξ-nucleus strong interaction. A serious problem in the measurement is the significant background coming from in-flight Ξ− decay. For the first Ξ− atomic X-ray spectroscopy experiment, a novel method of identifying stopped Ξ− events using nuclear emulsion was developed to reject background photons from in-flight Ξ− decay. We succeeded in reducing the background to 1/170 by this method employing coincidence measurements using the nuclear emulsion and X-ray detectors.
SU(3)f constraints on hypernuclear energy density functionals
Authors: Lenske Horst , Dhar Madhumita
Published: November 2022

A covariant hypernuclear energy density functional (EDF) is derived from in–medium nucleon–meson vertex functionals, assuring the proper description of nuclear mean–field dynamics. The fundamental SU(3) coupling constants for the mean–field relevant vector (m = V) and scalar (m = S) interactions as functionals of the total baryon density ρB are determined. Scalar and vector potentials and the resulting hyperon mean–fields in asymmetric nuclear matter are constructed and discussed, addressing also effects from 3–body interactions. Λ–Σ0 mixing in asymmetric nuclear through the coupling to the background isovector mean–field is addressed.
Exploration of in-medium hyperon-nucleon interactions
Authors: Dhar Madhumita , Lenske Horst
Published: November 2022

The study focuses on exploring the changes in the hyperon-baryon interaction at various nuclear densities. This approach starts by building a vacuum hyperon-nucleon interaction model based on Boson -Exchange maintaining SU(3) flavor symmetry. Bethe-Goldstone equation is then explored to investigate the medium properties over the bare interaction. A detailed investigation of the density dependence revealed clear changes in the low energy parameters with the variation of the medium density shown for different strangeness channels.
ΛΛ pairing effects in multi-Λ hyperisotopes within a Skyrme-Hartree-Fock model
Authors: Guo Jing , Zhou Xian-Rong
Published: November 2022

The ΛΛ pairing effects are investigated in multi-Λ hyperisotopes with the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock approach. The shell closure of hyperon occurrs at −S = 2, 8, 18, 20, 34, 58, 68, as well as 70 in spherical hypernuclei, which are attributed from the Λ hyperon potential being close to theWoods-Saxon potential. The more possible Λ hyperon magic numbers −S = 4, 6, 10, 14, 26, 30, and 32 in deformed hypernuclei are found based on the analysis of the single-particle energy levels, and are all sensitive to the quadrupole deformation parameter β2.
Experimental study of K̅NN and future experiments for kaonic nuclei
Authors: Yamaga Takumi
Published: November 2022

Quasi-bound systems of antikaon and nucleus, K̅ -nuclei, have been considered as a natural extension of the interpretation that Λ(1405) is the K̅-N hadronic molecule. The lightest K̅-nucleus, K̅NN quasi-bound state, is particularly important to be investigated for confirmation of the existence of such an exotic nuclear state containing a meson. We conducted an experiment, JPARC E15, to search for K̅NN(Iz=+1/2) by the in-flight K− induced reaction on 3He, and finally observed a clear signal of K̅NN(Iz=+1/2) for the first time. To robustly confirm the existence of K̅-nuclei, we have planned systematic measurements for various K̅ -nuclei at J-PARC.
Decay of the Λ(1405) hyperon to Σ0π0 measured at GlueX
Authors: Wickramaarachchi Nilanga , Schumacher Reinhard A. , Kalicy Grzegorz
Published: November 2022

Among the light baryons, the Jπ = 1/2− Λ(1405) hyperon is an important special case as it sits just below the N K̅ threshold and decays almost exclusively to Σπ. Some long-standing hypotheses for Λ(1405) are that it could be a N K̅ bound state or a Σπ continuum resonance. It may also be considered as a simple quark-model resonance, the P-wave companion of the Λ(1520). In recent years chiral unitary models have suggested that there are two isospin zero poles present in this mass region, and that the “line shape" of the Λ(1405) depends to what extent each of the two poles are stimulated in a given reaction. Below the N K̅ threshold, the Λ(1405) decays to the three Σπ charge combinations. The Σ0π0 mode is purely I = 0 and it is uncontaminated by complications arising from I = 1 scattering processes contributing to the reaction mechanism in the Σ+π− and Σ−π+ decays. It is also not affected from production and decay of the nearby Σ0(1385) hyperon. The GlueX experiment at Jefferson Lab has been used to study the Λ(1405) → Σ0π0 decay mode. We focus on the preliminary results of dσ/dMΣ0π0 and fits to the line shape of the Λ(1405) region in the −(t − tmin) range 0 - 1.5 GeV2 from analyzing the reaction γp → K+Λ* using the data collected during the first phase of the GlueX program.
Meson-baryon scattering and Λ(1405) in chiral effective field theory
Authors: Ren Xiu-Lei
Published: November 2022

We investigated the meson-baryon scattering using time-order perturbation theory (TOPT) based on covariant chiral effective field theory. The effective potential is defined as the sum of two-particle irreducible contributions of time-ordered diagrams, and the renormalized scattering amplitude is obtained by solving the integral equation, which is derived self-consistently in TOPT. Our developed formalism has been successfully applied to the πN scattering at leading order, and it has been extended to the meson-baryon scattering in S = −1 sector and found the two-pole structure of the Λ(1405) resonance.