bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Excitation of mirror symmetry higher-order rational soliton in modulation stability regimes on continuous wave background
Authors: Liu Xiang-Shu , Xu Han-Xiang , Qin Yan-Hong , Duan Liang
Published: December 2022

We study the relationship between the structures of the nonlinear localized waves and the distribution characteristics of the modulation stability regime in a nonlinear fiber with both third-order and fourth-order effects. On the background frequency and background amplitude plane, the modulation stability region consists of two symmetric curves on the left and right and a point on the symmetry axis. We find that the higher-order excitation characteristics are obviously different at different positions in the modulation stability region. Their excitation characteristics are closely related to the modulation instability distribution characteristics of the system. It is shown that asymmetric high-order rational solitons are excited at the left and right stable curves, and the symmetric one is excited at the stable points. Interestingly, the asymmetric higher-order rational solitons on the left and right sides are mirror-symmetrical to each other, which coincides with the symmetry of the modulation instability distribution. These results can deepen our understanding of the relationship between nonlinear excitation and modulation instability and enrich our knowledge about higher-order nonlinear excitations.
Physical simulation technologies and testing system for cavern shape control from single-well solution mining in rock salt
Authors: Wang Su , Wang Hanpeng , Wu Zhide , Li Mengtian , Xing Wenbin
Published: December 2022

The shape of the salt cavern is very important for the safe operation of gas storage facilities in rock salt. A physical simulation test is an effective means to study the shape control of salt caverns. To accurately simulate the process and parameters of single-well solution mining in rock salt, we developed simulation technologies and a testing system for cavern shape control. Based on the flow similarity principle, we established a sealing technology for dynamic-static disturbance and successfully replicated the solution mining process for forward and reverse circulations. Based on the requirement of protective fluid in the field, we developed a protection liquid unit to control the oil pad height to avoid overdissolution or uneven dissolution at the top of the salt cavern. From the principle of distance determination by laser and video, we developed a salt cavern shape visualization and micro-distance detection system that can realize the size measurement and real-time visualization of the salt cavern in pressurized corrosive environment. We put forward the control technology of the testing system that can achieve the integrated and collaborative control of inner and outer pipe spacing, water flow during injection–production circulations, and the height of protection fluid. Finally, we carried out a physical simulation test of solution mining for cavern shape control. The shape and size of the salt cavern from the test are in good agreement with the design. This study can provide an important basis for determining the optimal solution in mining technology and the parameters for cavern shape control.
Periodic wave propagation in a diffusive SIR epidemic model with nonlinear incidence and periodic environment
Authors: Wu Weixin , Teng Zhidong
Published: December 2022

The aim of this paper is to study the periodic traveling wave solutions in a nonautonomous reaction-diffusion susceptible-infected-removed epidemic model with general nonlinear incidence and time-periodic environment. The basic reproduction number R0 and the critical wave speed c* are defined. By the fixed-point theorem and upper–lower solutions, the sufficient conditions for the existence of traveling waves satisfying some asymptotic boundary conditions are deduced, and the nonexistence of periodic traveling waves is also obtained. Numerical simulations are carried out to support the theoretical results.
On a class of singular Hamiltonian Choquard-type elliptic systems with critical exponential growth
Authors: Deng Shengbing , Yu Junwei
Published: December 2022

In this paper, using the Moser functions and linking theorem, we study the existence of solutions for a class of Hamiltonian Choquard-type elliptic systems in the plane with exponential growth involving singular weights.
Stability of peakons of the Camassa–Holm equation beyond wave breaking
Authors: Gao Yu , Liu Hao , Wong Tak Kwong
Published: December 2022

Using a generalized framework that consists of evolution of the solution to the Camassa–Holm equation and its energy measure, we establish the global-in-time orbital stability of peakons with respect to the perturbed (energy) conservative solutions to the Camassa–Holm equation. In particular, we extend the H1-stability result obtained by Constantin and Strauss [Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 53(5), 603–610 (2000)] globally-in-time even after the perturbed solutions experience wave breaking. In addition, our result also shows that the singular part of the energy measure of the perturbed solutions will remain stable for all times.
Image recognition based on optical reservoir computing
Authors: Li Jiayi , Cai Qiang , Li Pu , Yang Yi , Alan Shore K. , Wang Yuncai
Published: December 2022

We propose an image recognition approach using a single physical node based optical reservoir computing. Specifically, an optically injected semiconductor laser with self-delayed feedback is used as the reservoir. We perform a handwritten-digit recognition task by greatly increasing the number of virtual nodes in delayed feedback using outputs from multiple delay times. Final simulation results confirm that the recognition accuracy can reach 99% after systematically optimizing the reservoir hyperparameters. Due to its simple architecture, this scheme may provide a resource-efficient alternative approach to image recognition.
Temperature measurement of aqueous solution in miniature sample chamber in microscopic system based on near-infrared spectrum
Authors: Li Miao , Sun Yue , Yang Xiao , Ke Zeyu , Zhou Jinhua , Liang Zhen , Zhang Shengzhao
Published: December 2022

Measurement of the sample temperature in biophysics research is challenging, as the samples are commonly placed in a miniature sample chamber under a microscope. In this study, we proposed a method to measure the temperature of an aqueous solution in miniature sample chambers in a microscopic system. Existing studies show that the absorption coefficient spectrum of water shifts with temperature, especially in the near-infrared (NIR) band. We measured the absorption spectra of water with different temperatures and analyzed them, to build a mathematical model relating the temperature and the spectrum. A setup for temperature measurement in a microscopic system was designed and implemented by coupling a spectrometer and a light source to a microscope. The temperature could be calculated by the spectral data and the mathematical model while simultaneously observing the micro-image of the sample. A series of liquid samples at different temperatures were tested using the setup, and the root mean square error of the calculated temperature is less than 0.5 °C. The results demonstrate that the method based on the NIR spectrum can be used for noncontact and quick measurement of the liquid sample temperature in a microscopic system.
Investigation of temperature sensitivity of a MEMS gravimeter based on geometric anti-spring
Authors: Belwanshi Vinod , Prasad Abhinav , Toland Karl , Middlemiss Richard , Paul Douglas , Hammond Giles
Published: December 2022

This paper describes a technique for temperature sensitivity or thermal sag measurements of a geometric anti-spring based microelectromechanical system (MEMS) gravimeter (Wee-g). The Wee-g MEMS gravimeter is currently fabricated on a (100) silicon wafer using standard micro-nano fabrication techniques. The thermal behavior of silicon indicates that the Young’s modulus of silicon decreases with increase in temperature (∼64 ppm/K). This leads to a softening of the silicon material, resulting in the proof mass displacing (or sagging) under the influence of increasing temperature. It results in a change in the measured gravity, which is expressed as temperature sensitivity in terms of change in gravity per degree temperature. The temperature sensitivity for the silicon based MEMS gravimeter is found to be 60.14–64.87, 61.76, and 62.76 µGal/mK for experimental, finite element analysis (FEA) simulation, and analytical calculations, respectively. It suggests that the gravimeter's temperature sensitivity is dependent on the material properties used to fabricate the MEMS devices. In this paper, the experimental measurements of thermal sag are presented along with analytical calculations and simulations of the effect using FEA. The bespoke optical measurement system to quantify the thermal sag is also described. The results presented are an essential step toward the development of temperature insensitive MEMS gravimeters.
Scalar field in AdS2 and representations of SL̃(2,R)
Authors: Higuchi Atsushi , Schmieding Lasse , Serrano Blanco David
Published: December 2022

We study the solutions to the Klein–Gordon equation for the massive scalar field in the universal covering space of a two-dimensional anti-de Sitter space. For certain values of the mass parameter, we impose a suitable set of boundary conditions, which make the spatial component of the Klein–Gordon operator self-adjoint. This makes the time-evolution of the classical field well defined. Then, we use the transformation properties of the scalar field under the isometry group of the theory, namely, the universal covering group of SL(2,R), in order to determine which self-adjoint boundary conditions are invariant under this group and which lead to the positive-frequency solutions forming a unitary representation of this group and, hence, to a vacuum state invariant under this group. Then, we examine the cases where the boundary condition leads to an invariant theory with a non-invariant vacuum state and determine the unitary representation to which the vacuum state belongs.
Void fraction thermo-kinematics for subcooled flow boiling
Authors: Collado F. J.
Published: December 2022

This work presents some preliminary results about a new void fraction model in subcooled flow boiling based on brand new mass and energy balances developed by the author over the past years. As main novelties, the new mass balance is based on the liquid velocity and the mixture specific volume, whereas the new heat balance is a function of the mixture enthalpy, based on the thermodynamic quality, and explicitly includes the mean vapor–liquid velocity ratio, or the slip ratio. The core of the model is to predict the slip ratio profile and then to calculate the mixture enthalpy from the new heat balance and, finally, to derive the void fraction. In this work, it is shown that the continuity of the first derivative of the mixture specific volume just at saturation establishes a first equation to obtain the slip evolution. A second kinematic equation between the onset of nuclear boiling (ONB) and the vapor velocity is also found. Three additional parameters, related to the ONB and the point of net vapor generation, are needed for void fraction profiles predictions, which have been found by trial and error, searching the best fitting to the measured void fraction. The new model is compared to eight full axial void fraction profiles data for upward subcooled flow of water at high pressure.
Threshold phenomenon in n-dimensional repulsive restricted Euler–Poisson equations with time-dependent damping
Authors: Liu Jianli , Zhang Kenan
Published: December 2022

The damping term has an important effect on the existence of solution in fluid dynamics. In this paper, we will consider the threshold phenomenon of global existence and blow up of solution in multi-dimensional restricted Euler–Poisson equations with time-dependent damping. Using the method of functional construction, we will provide the upper threshold for blow up of solutions in finite time and subthresholds for the global existence of solutions of n-dimensional repulsive restricted Euler–Poisson equations with time-dependent damping under the appropriate assumptions on initial data.
Interaction between magnon and skyrmion: Toward quantum magnonics
Authors: Li Zhengyi , Ma Mangyuan , Chen Zhendong , Xie Kaile , Ma Fusheng
Published: December 2022

In recent years, magnon and spin texture are attracting great interest in condensed matter physics and magnetism. Magnonics is aiming to use magnon as information carriers to realize functions for storage, transmission, and processing. Magnetic skyrmion is representative spin texture due to its topologically nontrivial properties. Since skyrmions are topologically protected, their transformation to other spin configurations requires overcoming additional topological energy barriers. Therefore, skyrmions are more stable than other trivial spin textures. In addition, the characters of nanoscale size, quasiparticle properties, and various excitation modes make them a potential candidate for spintronic application. Magnon and skyrmion, as two fundamental excitations, can coexist in magnetic systems and interplay with each other through direct exchange interactions. In this review, we provide an overview of recent theoretical and experimental studies on magnon–skyrmion interactions. We mainly focus on three kinds of magnon–skyrmion interactions: (i) magnon scattering by skyrmion, (ii) skyrmion motion driven by magnon, and (iii) coupling between magnon and skyrmion modes. The first two kinds of interactions could be clearly explained by the wave-particle interaction model on the classical level. Alternatively, the last kind of interaction could be understood by the coupled harmonic oscillator model on the quantum level, which indicates fast energy exchange and hybrid magnon states. The exploration focused on quantum phenomena of magnon has led to the emerging field of quantum magnonics and promoted applications of magnon in quantum information storage and processing. In the end, we give a perspective on the exploration of magnon–skyrmion interaction in quantum magnonics.
Dual-mode acceleration sensor of downhole drilling tools based on triboelectric nanogenerator
Authors: Liu Jinrun , Huang He , Wu Chuan , Yang Shuo
Published: December 2022

Downhole vibration is important for the judgment of the drilling tool conditions and the formulation of drilling technology. To meet the demand of downhole drilling tools acceleration measurement, this research proposes a self-powered acceleration sensor with two working modes based on the triboelectric nanogenerator, namely, mode A, which is based on the voltage response acceleration trend and mode B, which judges the acceleration based on the output pulses. Test results show that the acceleration measurement range is 0–11 m/s2, the maximum output voltage amplitude can reach 15.3 V, the working environment temperature is less than 250 °C, the working environment humidity is less than 90%, and long-time working has almost no effect on the output voltage of the sensor. In addition, since the sensor will generate electrical energy during the vibration process, the power generation performance of the sensor has been tested. And the results show that the maximum output power of the sensor is 0.18 µW when a 1000 MΩ load is connected in series. Compared to traditional downhole sensors, the sensor is more flexible, because it can work normally at high temperatures and has the potential for being self-powered.
Qualitative analysis for a two-component peakon system with cubic nonlinearity
Authors: Yang Shaojie , Qiao Zhijun
Published: December 2022

This paper is devoted to studying a two-component peakon system with cubic nonlinearity, which is a two-component extension of the cubic Camassa–Holm equation. We first discuss the local well-posedness for the Cauchy problem of the system. Then, in light of a fine structure of the system, we present the precise blow-up scenario for strong solutions to the system and derive a new blow-up result with respect to initial data. Finally, peakon solutions are discussed as well.
Data-driven global stability of vertical planar liquid jets by dynamic mode decomposition on random perturbations
Authors: Colanera Antonio , Della Pia Alessandro , Chiatto Matteo
Published: December 2022

A data-driven approach to estimate the global spectrum of gravitational planar liquid jets (sheet or curtain flows) is presented in this work. The investigation is carried out by means of two-dimensional numerical simulations performed through the solver BASILISK, based on the one-fluid formulation and the volume-of-fluid approach. The dynamic mode decomposition technique is applied to extract the underlying linear operator, considering random perturbations of the base flow. The effectiveness of this procedure is first evaluated comparing results with those of a simplified one-dimensional curtain model in terms of spectrum and eigenfunctions. The methodology is then applied to a two-dimensional configuration obtaining the BiGlobal spectra for both supercritical (Weber number We > 1) and subcritical (We < 1) regimes. Results highlight that in supercritical regime, the spectrum presents three branches: the upper and lower ones exhibit a purely sinuous behavior with frequencies quite close to those predicted by the one-dimensional model; the middle branch presents a predominant varicose component, increasing with the frequency. The subcritical spectrum, instead, shows that the first two less stable eigenvalues, sorted by increasing frequency, exhibit, respectively, a sinuous and a varicose behavior, while their growth rate is almost the same. As expected, the subcritical regime does not reveal the slow branch. The effect of the density ratio, rρ, between the two phases is investigated, revealing that the flow system is unstable for rρ>0.05. Topological inspections of the leading modes in this unstable configuration show that the predominance of a varicose behavior is related to the rupture of the curtain.
Reduced density matrices/static correlation functions of Richardson–Gaudin states without rapidities
Authors: Faribault Alexandre , Dimo Claude , Moisset Jean-David , Johnson Paul A.
Published: December 2022

Seniority-zero geminal wavefunctions are known to capture bond-breaking correlation. Among this class of wavefunctions, Richardson–Gaudin states stand out as they are eigenvectors of a model Hamiltonian. This provides a clear physical picture, clean expressions for reduced density matrix (RDM) elements, and systematic improvement (with a complete set of eigenvectors). Known expressions for the RDM elements require the computation of rapidities, which are obtained by first solving for the so-called eigenvalue based variables (EBV) and then root-finding a Lagrange interpolation polynomial. In this paper, we obtain expressions for the RDM elements directly in terms of the EBV. The final expressions can be computed at the same cost as the rapidity expressions. Therefore, except, in particular, circumstances, it is entirely unnecessary to compute rapidities at all. The RDM elements require numerically inverting a matrix, and while this is usually undesirable, we demonstrate that it is stable, except when there is degeneracy in the single-particle energies. In such cases, a different construction would be required.
Strip bundle realization of the crystals over Uq(D4(3))
Authors: Kim Jeong-Ah , Shin Dong-Uy
Published: December 2022

We introduce new combinatorial models called strip bundles for the quantum affine algebra Uq(D4(3)) and give new realizations of the crystal B(∞) and the highest weight crystals B(λ) over Uq(D4(3)) in terms of strip bundles. In these strip bundle realizations, the highest weight crystal B(Λ1) of the natural representation V(Λ1) over the quantum finite algebra Uq(G2) plays a crucial role.
Diffusion of hydrogen in the body centered tetragonal hydride phase of the V–H system controlled by multiple substitutional metal elements
Authors: Asano Kohta , Hayashi Shigenobu , Nakamura Yumiko , Akiba Etsuo
Published: December 2022

The diffusion and site occupation of hydrogen in the monohydride phase (β phase) of the V1−x−yCrxMoy–H (x + y ≤ 0.15) system have been studied by means of proton nuclear magnetic resonance. The β phase has a body centered tetragonal (BCT) structure and hydrogen atoms occupy the octahedral (Oz) sites along the c-axis. Cr has a smaller atomic radius than V but Mo has a larger one, resulting in no obvious change in the unit cell volume of the BCT lattice by substitution of both Cr and Mo for a part of V, although the multiple metal elements of V, Cr, and Mo induce lattice strain and distortion. The temperature dependence of 1H spin-lattice relaxation time has demonstrated that the substitution of both Cr and Mo offsets the change in the activation energy for hydrogen diffusion EH for the Oz sites, while our previous study has indicated that Cr increases EH and Mo decreases that. The diffusion behavior of hydrogen is explained by the dimension of the interstitial sites attributing to the weighted mean atomic radius of the substitutional metal elements, which is independent of their affinities for hydrogen and the lattice strain.
Stability and spatial autocorrelations of suspensions of microswimmers with heterogeneous spin
Authors: Ashenafi Yonatan
Published: December 2022

In this paper, suspensions of active swimmer-rotor particles have been mathematically modeled by extending a previously developed stochastic kinetic theory to analyze heterogeneous collections of microswimmers and microrotors with multiple spin velocity populations. The paper uses this modeling approach to derive insight on large-scale properties, such as suspension instabilities and spatial correlations of the active particles, and highlights the role of active particle rotations on the behavior of the suspension. A secondary aim is to demonstrate an analytical approach for understanding the emergence of patterns that have been observed for self-propelled micro-particles using numerical and lab experiments.
Electrically modulated cross-stream migration of a compound drop in micro-confined oscillatory flow
Authors: Kahali Tanoy , Santra Somnath , Chakraborty Suman
Published: December 2022

In this work, we present a means of controlling the cross-stream trajectory of a compound drop under the combined action of a transverse electric field and an oscillatory axial pressure gradient in a microfluidic channel. We bring out the decisive role of the flow pulsation in delaying the drop's attainment of a steady-state transverse position. With an enhancement in the frequency of oscillation, both the axial and transverse movement of the drop may be preferentially attenuated, with its dynamic traversal occurring in a locus offset to the central axis as precisely set in by the action of transverse electric forcing, to bring in exclusive controllability on the drop trajectory along with its eventual position of settlement. Moreover, our results also decipher that the value of the viscosity ratio between inner-to-outer droplet phases having less than unity delays the compound drop migration, whereas the converse enhances the same. In addition, we observe that a leaky dielectric compound drop having the electrical permittivity ratio of the inner-to-outer droplet phase surpassing their respective electrical conductivity ratio is not only capable of selectively altering the direction of the resulting drop trajectory from toward the channel centerline to away from the same but at the same time facilitates a precise settling of the same at an intermediate transverse location by harnessing the interplay of electrical and hydrodynamic shear. We further identify the key dimensionless parameters along with their desirable ranges accountable for the directional switching of the drop trajectory with high specificity. These findings open up novel perspectives of controllable maneuvering of the double emulsion system in a confined microenvironment bearing decisive implications in engineering and biology.
Cerebral hemodynamics during atrial fibrillation: Computational fluid dynamics analysis of lenticulostriate arteries using 7 T high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Scarsoglio S. , Saglietto A. , Tripoli F. , Zwanenburg J. J. M. , Biessels G. J. , De Ferrari G. M. , Anselmino M. , Ridolfi L.
Published: December 2022

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia, inducing irregular and faster heart beating. Aside from disabling symptoms—such as palpitations, chest discomfort, and reduced exercise capacity—there is growing evidence that AF increases the risk of dementia and cognitive decline, even in the absence of clinical strokes. Among the possible mechanisms, the alteration of deep cerebral hemodynamics during AF is one of the most fascinating and least investigated hypotheses. Lenticulostriate arteries (LSAs)—small perforating arteries perpendicularly departing from the anterior and middle cerebral arteries and supplying blood flow to basal ganglia—are especially involved in silent strokes and cerebral small vessel diseases, which are considered among the main vascular drivers of dementia. We propose for the first time a computational fluid dynamics analysis to investigate the AF effects on the LSAs hemodynamics by using 7 T high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We explored different heart rates (HRs)—from 50 to 130 bpm—in sinus rhythm and AF, exploiting MRI data from a healthy young male and internal carotid artery data from validated 0D cardiovascular-cerebral modeling as inflow condition. Our results reveal that AF induces a marked reduction of wall shear stress and flow velocity fields. This study suggests that AF at higher HR leads to a more hazardous hemodynamic scenario by increasing the atheromatosis and thrombogenesis risks in the LSAs region.
Thermal fluctuations in metastable fluids
Authors: Gallo M.
Published: December 2022

In this work, the thermal fluctuations of fluid in metastable conditions have been theoretically investigated. The fluid is described with a diffuse interface approach based on the Van der Waals squared-gradient theory (SGT), where the free energy is augmented by a density square gradient term to take into account capillary effects. By averaging physical observables on coarse-graining cells, it is found that capillarity strongly modifies the fluctuation statistics when increasing fluid metastability. A remarkable difference with respect to simple fluid description is also detected when approaching nanoscopic scales. Peculiarly, near spinodal loci, the classical theory envisages a divergent behavior of density fluctuations intensity, while the SGT provides a finite variance of the density field. The scaling behavior of density fluctuations near spinodal lines is analytically derived and discussed. Finally, the correlation length of the capillary system is identified for different metastabilities. Also in the latter case, the critical exponents are theoretically calculated. The theoretical results are corroborated by Landau–Lifshitz–Navier–Stokes fluctuating hydrodynamics simulations.
Computing Atomic Quantum Dynamics in Laser Fields
Authors: Nikolopoulos Lampros A. A.
Published: December 2022

Computing Atomic Quantum Dynamics in Laser Fields introduces theory in tandem with practical methods to calculate end numbers—teaching typically separate subjects together. The topics covered are at the core of several contemporary areas of theoretical atomic, molecular, and optical physics (AMO) including ultrashort laser fields, quantum dynamics and control, quantum imaging, and computational physics. High performance algorithms, numerical analysis, and differential and matrix calculus are presented in the context of the theory of laser atom dynamics.

Computing Atomic Quantum Dynamics in Laser Fields:Combines practical numerical methods in computing atomic processes in ultrashort laser fields in a systematic and coherent mannerShortens learning time for mastering computational techniques in atomic, molecular, and optical researchPresents theoretical formulations in a manner that fits naturally with the discrete nature of computational algorithms

Post-graduate students and practitioners in the field of AMO and computational physics will find this an invaluable resource.
The world is square
Authors: Gordin Michael D.
Published: December 2022

The Squares: US Physical and Engineering Scientists in the Long 1970s, Cyrus C. M. Mody, MIT Press, 2022. Open access ($65.00 paper)
An undignified disaster reality for Australians with disability
Authors: Chapman Kelsey , Norwood Michael , Shirota Camila , Palipana Dinesh , Kendall Elizabeth
Published: December 2022

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Management establish the importance of ensuring the equitable protection of human rights in disaster planning, relief, and recovery. However, internationally and within Australia, the reality is one of indignity, human rights violations, and corruption. Australia is living in a perpetual state of crisis, following 3years of environmental and health disaster events. Vulnerable Australian citizens, especially people with disability, are at a great risk of human rights violations and may have restricted access to resilience-building resources that would enable them to recover. Embedding dignity into disaster management and recovery can safeguard human rights and improve outcomes for people with disability.
Comprehensive mapping of alternative polyadenylation site usage and its dynamics at single-cell resolution
Authors: Wang Junliang , Chen Wei , Yue Wenjun , Hou Wenhong , Rao Feng , Zhong Hanbing , Qi Yuanming , Hong Ni , Ni Ting , Jin Wenfei
Published: December 2022

Alternative polyadenylation (APA) plays an important role in posttranscriptional gene regulation such as transcript stability and translation efficiency. However, our knowledge about APA dynamics at the single-cell level is largely unexplored. Here, we developed single-cell polyadenylation sequencing, a strand-specific approach for sequencing the 3′ end of transcripts, to investigate the landscape of APA at the single-cell level. By analyzing several cell lines, we found many genes using multiple polyA sites in bulk data are prone to use only one polyA site in each single cell. Interestingly, cell cycle genes were significantly enriched in genes with high variation in polyA site usages. Furthermore, the 414 genes showing a polyA site usage switch after cell synchronization enriched cell cycle genes, while the differentially expressed genes after cell synchronization did not enrich cell cycle genes. We further identified 812 genes showing polyA site usage changes between neighboring cell cycles, which were grouped into six clusters, with cell phase-specific functional categories enriched in each cluster. Deletion of one polyA site in
MSL1
and
SCCPDH
results in slower and faster cell cycle progression, respectively, supporting polyA site usage switch played an important role in cell cycle. These results indicate that APA is an important layer for cell cycle regulation.
Tension at intercellular junctions is necessary for accurate orientation of cell division in the epithelium plane
Authors: Lisica Ana , Fouchard Jonathan , Kelkar Manasi , Wyatt Tom P. J. , Duque Julia , Ndiaye Anne-Betty , Bonfanti Alessandra , Baum Buzz , Kabla Alexandre J. , Charras Guillaume T.
Published: December 2022

The direction in which a cell divides is set by the orientation of its mitotic spindle and is important for determining cell fate, controlling tissue shape, and maintaining tissue architecture. Divisions parallel to the epithelial plane sustain tissue expansion. By contrast, divisions perpendicular to the plane promote tissue stratification and lead to the loss of epithelial cells from the tissue—an event that has been suggested to promote metastasis. Much is known about the molecular machinery involved in orienting the spindle, but less is known about the contribution of mechanical factors, such as tissue tension, in ensuring spindle orientation in the plane of the epithelium. This is important as epithelia are continuously subjected to mechanical stresses. To explore this further, we subjected suspended epithelial monolayers devoid of extracellular matrix to varying levels of tissue tension to study the orientation of cell divisions relative to the tissue plane. This analysis revealed that lowering tissue tension by compressing epithelial monolayers or by inhibiting myosin contractility increased the frequency of out-of-plane divisions. Reciprocally, increasing tissue tension by elevating cell contractility or by tissue stretching restored accurate in-plane cell divisions. Moreover, a characterization of the geometry of cells within these epithelia suggested that spindles can sense tissue tension through its impact on tension at subcellular surfaces, independently of their shape. Overall, these data suggest that accurate spindle orientation in the plane of the epithelium relies on a threshold level of tension at intercellular junctions.
Chemical genetic screening identifies nalacin as an inhibitor of GH3 amido synthetase for auxin conjugation
Authors: Xie Yinpeng , Zhu Ying , Wang Na , Luo Min , Ota Tsuyoshi , Guo Ruipan , Takahashi Ikuo , Yu Zongjun , Aizezi Yalikunjiang , Zhang Linlin , Yan Yan , Zhang Yujie , Bao Hongyu , Wang Yichuan , Zhu Ziqiang , Huang Ancheng C. , Zhao Yunde , Asami Tadao , Huang Hongda , Guo Hongwei , Jiang Kai
Published: December 2022

Auxin inactivation is critical for plant growth and development. To develop plant growth regulators functioning in auxin inactivation pathway, we performed a phenotype-based chemical screen in Arabidopsis and identified a chemical, nalacin, that partially mimicked the effects of auxin. Genetic, pharmacological, and biochemical approaches demonstrated that nalacin exerts its auxin-like activities by inhibiting indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) conjugation that is mediated by Gretchen Hagen 3 (GH3) acyl acid amido synthetases. The crystal structure of Arabidopsis GH3.6 in complex with D4 (a derivative of nalacin) together with docking simulation analysis revealed the molecular basis of the inhibition of group II GH3 by nalacin. Sequence alignment analysis indicated broad bioactivities of nalacin and D4 as inhibitors of GH3s in vascular plants, which were confirmed, at least, in tomato and rice. In summary, our work identifies nalacin as a potent inhibitor of IAA conjugation mediated by group II GH3 that plays versatile roles in hormone-regulated plant development and has potential applications in both basic research and agriculture.
Mitochondrial GPAT-derived LPA controls auxin-dependent embryonic and postembryonic development
Authors: Jia Qianru , Bai Yang , Xu Hui , Liu Qingyun , Li Wenyan , Li Teng , Lin Feng , Shen Like , Xuan Wei , Zhang Wenhua , Zhang Qun
Published: December 2022

Membrane properties are emerging as important cues for the spatiotemporal regulation of hormone signaling. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) evokes multiple biological responses by activating G protein–coupled receptors in mammals. In this study, we demonstrated that LPA derived from the mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases GPAT1 and GPAT2 is a critical lipid-based cue for auxin-controlled embryogenesis and plant growth in
Arabidopsis thaliana
. LPA levels decreased, and the polarity of the auxin efflux carrier PIN-FORMED1 (PIN1) at the plasma membrane (PM) was defective in the
gpat1 gpat2
mutant. As a consequence of distribution defects, instructive auxin gradients and embryonic and postembryonic development are severely compromised. Further cellular and genetic analyses revealed that LPA binds directly to PIN1, facilitating the vesicular trafficking of PIN1 and polar auxin transport. Our data support a model in which LPA provides a lipid landmark that specifies membrane identity and cell polarity, revealing an unrecognized aspect of phospholipid patterns connecting hormone signaling with development.
Análisis del uso de números en la prensa española durante la crisis del Covid-19
Authors: Jordán Enamorado Miguel Ángel , Brines Elia Arrametapongsa
Published: December 2022

Abstracta

En el presente trabajo, ofrecemos un recorrido por los estudios más relevantes sobre el uso de números en la
prensa y aplicamos las propuestas de estos trabajos al caso concreto de la crisis del coronavirus en España. Con este objetivo,
hemos realizado un análisis del uso de números en los titulares de prensa de los periódicos ABC, El País y
El Mundo durante las cuatro semanas previas a la declaración del estado de alarma para la gestión de la
crisis sanitaria del Covid-19. El análisis realizado no solo ha servido para evaluar la aplicabilidad y vigencia de los postulados
de los trabajos consultados, sino que también nos ha permitido comprobar cómo el contexto lingüístico de los números modula el
efecto de alarma provocado en los lectores.
Construction of a T cell receptor signaling range for spontaneous development of autoimmune disease
Authors: Tanaka Atsushi , Maeda Shinji , Nomura Takashi , Llamas-Covarrubias Mara Anais , Tanaka Satoshi , Jin Lin , Lim Ee Lyn , Morikawa Hiromasa , Kitagawa Yohko , Akizuki Shuji , Ito Yoshinaga , Fujimori Chihiro , Hirota Keiji , Murase Tosei , Hashimoto Motomu , Higo Junichi , Zamoyska Rose , Ueda Ryuzo , Standley Daron M. , Sakaguchi Noriko , Sakaguchi Shimon
Published: December 2022

Thymic selection and peripheral activation of conventional T (Tconv) and regulatory T (Treg) cells depend on TCR signaling, whose anomalies are causative of autoimmunity. Here, we expressed in normal mice mutated ZAP-70 molecules with different affinities for the CD3 chains, or wild type ZAP-70 at graded expression levels under tetracycline-inducible control. Both manipulations reduced TCR signaling intensity to various extents and thereby rendered those normally deleted self-reactive thymocytes to become positively selected and form a highly autoimmune TCR repertoire. The signal reduction more profoundly affected Treg development and function because their TCR signaling was further attenuated by Foxp3 that physiologically repressed the expression of TCR-proximal signaling molecules, including ZAP-70, upon TCR stimulation. Consequently, the TCR signaling intensity reduced to a critical range generated pathogenic autoimmune Tconv cells and concurrently impaired Treg development/function, leading to spontaneous occurrence of autoimmune/inflammatory diseases, such as autoimmune arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. These results provide a general model of how altered TCR signaling evokes autoimmune disease.
Terahertz permeability of hard ferromagnetic L10-FePt alloy nanowire
Authors: Han Mangui
Published: December 2022

It is commonly thought that ferromagnetic materials can not find applications in terahertz domain because of their very weak dynamic magnetic responses. However, our results in this paper show that the terahertz (THz) permeability of an isolated L10-FePt alloy nanowire with super hard ferromagnetic properties is significant at 0.348 THz, as long as it is at proper remanent states (for instance, Mr/Ms = 1.0), which are ever thought only possible in some metamaterials. Compared to the gigahertz (GHz) permeability of single Fe nanowire, the THz permeability spectra of L10-FePt are shown obviously different. Unusual negative imaginary parts of permeability (μ″ < 0) is found related to the equivalent negative damping constant, which is explained from the perspective of abnormal precession of natural resonance at THz for FePt nanowire.
A new correlation model for predicting the melting and boiling temperatures of the Lennard-Jones systems
Authors: Sun Chenyang , Zhang Yaning , Hou Chaofeng , Ge Wei
Published: December 2022

The Lennard-Jones (LJ) potential function is widely employed in molecular dynamics simulations. In this study, the LJ potentials under different characteristic diameter σ and characteristic energy ε were simulated, and the changes in properties such as number density, total energy, phase transition latent heat, and phase transition temperature were detailed. With the increase of σ, the melting and boiling temperatures of the LJ systems and the thermodynamic temperature range corresponding to liquid decrease, while with the increase of ε, the melting and boiling temperatures and the thermodynamic temperature range of liquid increase. Moreover, the phase transition latent heat hardly changes with the increase of σ, but significantly increases with ε. The number densities at the melting and boiling temperatures are only dependent on σ, and are not nearly influenced by ε. Furthermore, based on a modified Lindemann’s melting criterion, a new empirical correlation model is proposed to predict the melting and boiling temperatures of the LJ systems, where the phase transition points are in good agreement with the experimental values. For the melting point, the absolute error between the formula and the experimental measurement for inert gas and methane is no more than 10 K, and for the boiling point, the absolute error is less than 15 K. By this new presented model, some thermophysical properties of the LJ potential systems can be quickly obtained and evaluated.
Non-locality ≠ quantum entanglement
Authors: Guo Xingyu , Ma Chen-Te
Published: December 2022

The unique entanglement measure is concurrence in a two-qubit pure state. The maximum violation of Bell’s inequality is monotonically increasing for this quantity. Therefore, people expect that pure state entanglement is relevant to the non-locality. For justification, we extend the study to three qubits. We consider all possible three-qubit operators with a symmetric permutation. When only considering one entanglement measure, the numerical result contradicts expectation. Therefore, we conclude ‘non-locality ≠ quantum entanglement’. We propose the generalized R-matrix or correlation matrix for the new diagnosis of quantum entanglement. We then demonstrate the evidence by restoring the monotonically increasing result.

PACS numbers: 00.00, 20.00, 42.10
On the emergence of traffic jams in a stochastic traffic flow driven by additive and multiplicative white Gaussian noise processes
Authors: Singh Aman Kumar , Meyer Jarrett , Ramakrishnan Subramanian
Published: December 2022

Understanding the influence of random phenomena on the emergence of jams in vehicular traffic flows is a fundamental question in the study of traffic flow dynamics. Motivated by the fact that additive and multiplicative white Gaussian noise processes represent fundamentally distinct sources of randomness that can engender qualitatively different patterns in the dynamics of traffic flow, here we compare and contrast the influences of those two distinct stochastic processes on the formation of traffic jams. Analyzing the macroscopic dynamics of spatially homogeneous single-lane traffic flow using a car distribution function that evolves according to a Fokker–Planck type equation, we first obtain the equilibrium distribution function in closed form for traffic flow driven by additive as well as multiplicative white Gaussian noise. We then derive the mean first passage time (MFPT) for both cases and also present results that elucidate the influence of varying noise strength on both the equilibrium distribution function and the MFPT. Additionally, we obtain fundamental diagrams corresponding to speed versus flux of vehicle flow for both cases that further highlight the distinct effects of the two types of noise. In summary, the results underscore the contrasting influences of additive and multiplicative noise processes on the emergence of traffic jams and thereby contribute to advancing our understanding of this aspect of stochastic traffic flow. The findings could also help improve our understanding of how randomness affects traffic flows that are a combination of human and self-driven vehicles.
Radioactive Decontamination using Bamboo Activated Carbon for Healthy Environment in Nuclear Medicine
Authors: Sunaiwi R , Razab M K A Abdul , Nawi N M , Khaizul A T , Azhar M A , Samsuddin N Y , Shukri S I , Noor A Mohamed , Abdullah N H , Mohammed A , Kari@Abdullah Z Abdul , Hamzah Z
Published: December 2022

Radioactive wastes by products excreted from radioiodine (RAI) therapy patient waste such as urine, faeces, sweat and puke might risk to radiation contamination if not systematically manage. These wastes can affect human health and environment, thus sustain and systematic management must be strictly considered. In addition, radiopharmaceutical preparations in nuclear medicine risk to radioactive spillage by chances. In this study, new sustainable adsorption technique by using agriculture product was proposed to decontaminate the possibilities of radioactive spillage in RAI therapy where different concentrations of bamboo activated carbon (BAC) was mixed with pure 131I and filtered by using filter paper. Radioactivity for each filtered sample (sediment) was measured using dose calibrator to determine kinetic reactions of adsorbed radioactive substances. The data shows the sediment radioactivity was increased with increased of BAC concentrations. The radioactivity loss after filtration was 76.1% (50 mg/ml), 76.3% (100 mg/ml), 83.5% (150 mg/ml), 80.4% (200 mg/ml), 85% (250 mg/ml) and 68% (control) due to high agglomeration between BAC and 131I. Mixtures with highest BAC concentration was then characterized using FESEM and EDX for morphology and elemental analysis. FESEM image proved there were porous structures on the BAC to attract 131I and other molecules. EDX revealed that 131I and other elements were attracted to BAC layered sheets. This study revealed that BAC performed different capabilities as an adsorbent material under different experimental conditions and has high potential for sustainable radionuclide decontamination agents especially for RAI therapy in ensuring continuous healthy environment for staff, patients and public in Nuclear Medicine Department.
Effect of Coconut Water and Peptone in Micropropagation of Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume Orchid
Authors: Salsabila S N , Fatimah K , Noorhazira S , Halimatun T S T A B , Aurifullah M , Suhana Z
Published: December 2022

Phalaenopsis amabilis(L.) Blume Orchid is one of the species inPhalaenopsisgenus and are well-known as exotic and beautiful white flowers. Besides that, there is little continuity in the mass propagation ofPhalaenopsis amabilis(L.) that produce many standardized seedlings in a relatively short period to satisfy market demand. This study was focusing on evaluating the effect of natural additives as plant growth regulators (PGR). PGR was used as nutritional constituents in the media culture to enhance the growth of explants. The additives used in this study were coconut water and peptone at different concentration, which were 5 %, 7.5 %, and 10 % of coconut water (CW) and 1 % and 2 % of peptone that supplemented in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. These additives were added to examine the height of plantlets, number of leaves, and number of roots after 2 months cultured. Result showed that addition of 5% CW and 2 % peptone in treatment 10 recorded the highest height of plantlet which was 1.14±0.060 cm. The highest number of leaves with 2.18±0.507 was observed in treatment 11 (7.5 % of CW and 2 % of peptone) and number of roots with 1.928±0.286 was from treatment 9 (0% of CW and 2% of peptone). Coconut water has been proved can stimulate and enhance growth and proliferation ofPhalaenopsis amabilis(L.) plus the existence of peptone may help in development and increase the percentage of survival rate ofPhalaenopsis amabilis(L.) due to the content of peptone which are carbon and nitrogen sources. The observation from all the treatments produces healthy explants as the natural additive can substitute the use of synthetic PGR.