PENGARUH PEMUPUKAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN, PRODUKSI DAN MUTU SIMPLISIA PURWOCENG (Pimpinella pruatjan Molkenb)
Authors: RAHARDJO MONO , SMD ROSITA , DARWATI IRENG 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRAK<br />Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molkenb.) adalah tanaman obat<br />asli Indonesia yang statusnya langka, dan teknologi budidayanya belum<br />banyak diketahui. Penelitian pengaruh pemupukan terhadap produksi dan<br />mutu simplisia purwoceng telah dilakukan tahun 2004-2005 di Desa<br />Sikunang, Dieng, Jawa Tengah. Perlakuan pemupukannya adalah: (1)<br />kontrol (tidak dipupuk); (2) 9,6 kg pupuk kandang (pk); (3) 96 g urea + 48<br />g SP36 + 72 g KCl; (4) 9,6 kg pk + 96 g urea + 48 g SP36 + 72 g KCl; (5)<br />9,6 kg pk + 96 g urea + 48 g SP36; (6) 9,6 kg pk + 96 g urea + 72 g KCl;<br />(7) 9,6 kg pk + 48 g SP36 + 72 g KCl. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan<br />acak kelompok diulang 4 kali dengan ukuran petak 2,4 m 2 . Hasil penelitian<br />menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk lengkap 9,6 kg pk + 96 g urea + 48<br />g SP36 + 72 g KCl/petak dan pemupukan 96 g urea + 48 g SP36 + 72 g<br />KCl/petak dapat meningkatkan produksi dan mutu simplisia purwoceng.<br />Dibandingkan dengan tanaman yang tidak dipupuk, produksi simplisia<br />meningkat 40%, kadar stigmasterol di akar meningkat 11 – 14 kali. Akar<br />tanaman purwoceng yang tidak dipupuk tidak mengandung sitosterol,<br />tetapi setelah dipupuk mengandung sitosterol sebanyak 16,17 – 17,11 ppm.<br />Tajuk tanaman tidak mengandung bergapten apabila tidak dipupuk, tetapi<br />setelah dipupuk mengandung bergapten 4,92 – 5,56 ppm. Produksi dan<br />mutu simplisia perlakuan 96 g urea + 48 g SP36 + 72 g KCl/petak tidak<br />berbeda nyata dibandingkan dengan perlakuan 9,6 kg pk + 96 g urea + 48<br />g SP36 + 72 g KCl/petak. Ini diduga karena kandungan bahan organik<br />tanah cukup tinggi, sehingga penambahan 96 kg/petak pupuk kandang<br />tidak berpengaruh nyata. Untuk menghasilkan simplisia kering purwoceng<br />secara optimal 8,41 g/tanaman (6,98 kwt/ha) dan bermutu tinggi,<br />diperlukan serapan hara N, P dan K pada jaringan tanaman masing-masing<br />berturut-turut sebanyak 283 mg N; 55 mg P; dan 356 mg K/tanaman atau<br />setara dengan 23,50 kg N; 6,30 kg P; dan 38,90 kg K/ha.<br />Kata kunci: Purwoceng, Pimpinella pruatjan Molkenb, pemupukan,<br />pertumbuhan, produksi, mutu, Jawa Tengah<br />ABSTRACT<br />Effect of fertilizer application on production and quality<br />of Pimpinella pruatjan Molkenb<br />Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molkenb) is an Indonesian<br />indigenous medicinal plant. Purwoceng is classified as an endangered<br />species, and its cultivation technology has not been devoleped. The<br />objective of the research was to find out the effect of fertilizer application<br />on the production and quality of purwoceng simplisia. The research was<br />conducted in Sikunang, Dieng, Wonosobo, Central Java from 2004 until<br />2005. The treatments of fertilizer application on 2.4 m 2  were (1) control<br />(without fertilizer); (2) 9.6 kg dung manure (dm); (3) 96 g urea + 48 g<br />SP36 + 72 g KCl; (4) 9.6 kg pk + 96 g urea + 48 g SP36 + 72 g KCl; (5)<br />9.6 kg pk + 96 g urea + 48 g SP36; (6) 96 kg pk + 9.6 g urea + 72 g KCl;<br />(7) 9.6 kg pk + 48 g SP36 + 72 g KCl. The experiment was designed in<br />randomized block designed with four replications. The result of the<br />research showed that the treatments of 9.6 kg dm + 96 g urea + 48 g SP36<br />+ 72 g KCl/2.4 m 2 and 96 g urea + 48 g SP36 + 72 g KCl/2.4 m 2 increased<br />the simplisia production and quality compared with control. The simplisia<br />production increased up to 40% and the stigma sterol content in the roots<br />increased up to 11 – 14 times. The content of sitosterol in the plants with<br />fertilizer application was 6.7 – 17.11 ppm but in the plants without<br />fertilizer application was zero. The content of bergapten in shoot part of<br />plant with fertilizer application was 4.92 – 5.56 ppm, but in the shoot part<br />without fertilizer application was zeros. The production and quality of<br />simplisia with the fertilizer application of 96 g urea + 48 g SP36 + 72 g<br />KCl/2.4 m 2 were not significantly different from those with fertilizer<br />application of 9.6 kg pk + 96 g urea + 48 g SP36 + 72 gKCl/2.4 m 2 . It<br />happened probably because the organic soil content was high, so that the<br />application of 40 ton/ha of dung manure did not give any effect.<br />Furthermore, to increase the optimum production of purwoceng simplisia<br />(6.98 kwt/ha) with high quality it needs 283 mg N, 55 mg P dan 356 mg<br />K/plant or 23.50 kg N, 6.30 kg P, and 38.90 K/ha.<br />Key words : Purwoceng,  Pimpinella  pruatjan  Molkenb,  fertilizer<br />application, growth, production, quality, Central Java