bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forecasting Formation Losses of Hydrocarbons in the Process of Development of Oil and Gas Condensate Deposits
Authors: Katanova R K , Tomskiy K O , Inyakina E I , Ivanova M S
Published: February 2022

One of the important tasks in forecasting and monitoring the development of oil and gas condensate fields is taking into account the current losses of condensate in the reservoir. In this case, it is necessary to use several versions of models that differ in the formation of parameters and thermodynamic properties of hydrocarbon phases. Models are considered in which either the liquid phase dissolves in the gas phase, or it is assumed that heavy fractions are absent in the gas phase. Models of this type are used more often when predicting the development of deposits in the natural depletion mode. Experimental and computational models of equilibrium phase transitions make it possible to improve the prediction of condensate losses in the reservoir. The complexity and laboriousness of the PVT experiment, along with the introduction of new technologies, create a lack of information on the thermodynamic properties of hydrocarbon systems. In order to take into account reservoir losses of hydrocarbons for the development conditions of the Vostochno-Urengoyskoye field, the forecast of the balance of condensate production for the current and final periods of operation was carried out. The model considered in the work allows for adjusting the forecast indicators of condensate production at the current moment of reservoir operation [1,2,3].
Innovative Solutions for Roadbed Reinforcement on 303-331 km of Adnikan Detour at Bureya Reservoir
Authors: Zhdanova S M , Neratova O A
Published: February 2022

The role of innovative technical solutions that are both effective against roadbed deformations and ecological friendly is at rise for new road constructions, renovation of current roads, the Baikal-Amur Mainline (BAM) and Yakutian Mainline (YM) in particular. The task is complicated by a perspective increase of heavy trains and ongoing climate change that must be taken into account for the roads on permafrost and ice-bearing soils. The author’s experience shows the effectiveness of “natural process assistance” approach in solving the above mentioned tasks [1]. The technical solutions are aimed to be economically reasonable, easily producible and adopted in different conditions.
Texture and Mineral Composition of Magmatic Apatite-Nepheline Ores: Technological Consequences (Exemplified by Khibiny)
Authors: Neradovsky Yu N , Kompanchenko A A , Chernyavsky A V
Published: February 2022

The paper considers the relationship between textural and structural features and gross mineral and chemical composition of minerals and the physical properties of apatite-nepheline ores and their processing. It is noted that the change in the physical properties of ores involves primarily the change in their mineral composition due to apatite depletion. An increase in the content of nepheline and pyroxene to 35-55 % sharply increases the ore strength up to 47-104 MPa, which entails the growth of energy consumption for grinding. An important factor is that the ore contains high-strength poikilitic intergrowths of apatite with nepheline, pyroxene, and titanite, in which about 20 % of fine-grained apatite is concentrated, and the extraction of which is a complex technological problem. The authors attribute a change in the chemical composition of apatite to the main factors deteriorating the product quality. According to the studies, the chemical composition of apatite is unstable and varies in the content of P2O5 (37.20-42.6 %), SrO (2.29-5.36 %), and Tr2O3 (0.51-1.05 %). It is noted that a change in the composition may affect the flotation properties and quality of the concentrate.
Welding Technology for Liquefied Natural Gas Tanks
Authors: Zaripov M Z , Yalchigulov R S
Published: February 2022

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is of great importance in the energy segment of the economy. Natural gas, has a higher calorific value, better fuel efficiency and is more environmentally friendly, thereby gaining more importance compared to oil and coal. Not only does LNG offer greater flexibility in supply, it also has cost advantages for transportation starting from a distance of 2,000 km (at sea) and 4,000 km (on land) respectively. Consequently, the LNG market will grow in the coming decades compared to two other fossil sources - oil and coal. To use natural gas, it is necessary to create safe and economically profitable transportation routes from natural gas deposits to end users. One possibility is to transport gas in a liquefied state, at low temperatures. To ensure safe and reliable storage of liquefied gas at minus 163 ° C, good physical and mechanical properties of the base material and weld (corresponding tank system) are required. To meet these high requirements, appropriate welding methods and welding materials are selected. The paper presents an analysis of activities on the development of new welding materials and improvement of welding technologies for the construction of LNG tanks.
Analysis and Experimental Verification of Model Solutions of the Pekeris Boundary Problem in the Infrasonic Frequency Range
Authors: Kasatkin B A , Zlobina N V , Kasatkin S B
Published: February 2022

A comparative assessment of the known solutions of the Pekeris boundary problem is carried out. A detailed analysis of the generalized solution, which is constructed in a non-self-adjoint model formulation, is carried out. One of the features of the generalized solution is the presence of the vortex component of the intensity vector, the level of which increases with decreasing frequency. The vortex component is recorded in the channels of the vector receiver during an experiment with a noisy object.
Flue Gas-Simultaneous Water and Gas (Flue Gas-SWAG) Injection for Enhancing Oil Recovery
Authors: Gorbyleva Y A
Published: February 2022

This paper discusses the possibility of utilization of exhaust (flue) gases by injecting them into the reservoir. Currently, injection of flue gases into the reservoir is not a widely used method for increasing oil production compared to CO2 or N2 injection. Most of technologies for injecting water-gas mixture using flue gas as a gas provide for water-alternating-gas injection. Only a few studies discuss simultaneous water-alternating-gas injection using flue gases. Moreover, there are few studies on creating a mixture of water and exhaust gases for co-injection by means of pump-ejecting systems into the reservoir. Therefore, in this work we propose a new improved diagram of the laboratory bench using exhaust (flue) gases to create a water and gas mixture for flue gas-simultaneous water and gas injection by means of pump-ejecting system.
Improving Information Cooperation During Search and Rescue Operations in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation
Authors: Matveev A V , Metelkov A N
Published: February 2022

A complex analysis of the security situation in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation shows the limited independent capabilities of the EMERCOM of Russia in solving the problems of search and rescue at sea area across the entire width of territorial waters. An effective method for organizing search and rescue at sea in the Arctic can be interagency and intergovernmental cooperation based on the Agreement on Cooperation in Aviation and Maritime Search and Rescue in the Arctic and the Polar Code. In order to increase the efficiency of the tasks being solved, it is proposed to strengthen the coordinating role of the control bodies of functional and territorial subsystems in their search and rescue activities in internal waters and the territorial sea. The authors proposed a solution consisting of the integration of information resources of information and coordination centers in Murmansk and Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky with the information capabilities of the functional subsystems of the EMERCOM of Russia and equipping Arctic complex emergency rescue centers with ice-class ships.
Ore Minerals in Technogenic Wastes of the Levikhinsky Mine (Middle Urals)
Authors: Fedorov S , Zavyalov S , Yurak V
Published: February 2022

Technogenic waste from non-ferrous metal mines can be a potential raw material for precious metals. The work carried out research on the material composition of overburden and enclosing rock dumps of such mines - Levikhinsky (Middle Urals). The contents of non-ferrous metals (Cu, Zn), gold and silver were determined on an atomic emission spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma, the mineral composition was determined on an X-ray diffractometer, and ore minerals were examined under a scanning electron microscope. High gold and silver contents were established, comparable to ore content (0.5-3.5 g/t and 2.7-33 g/t, respectively). Gold is mainly found in a microdispersed form, there are single grains up to 4 mm in size. Silver is found in the form of impurities and small precipitates in sulfides. The contents of copper and zinc are quite low (0.01-0.16 wt% and 0.01-0.035 wt%, respectively), which are concentrated in chalcopyrite and sphalerite. With gravity concentration, it was possible to obtain concentrates with a copper content of up to 0.5 wt%, gold up to 46 g/t and silver up to 621 g/t. The data indicate that the use of dumps is promising as a raw material for precious metals and copper.
Inspection of the Underwater Industrial Objects Using AUV Based on the Method of Feature Points Video Recognition
Authors: Inzartsev A V , Panin M A
Published: February 2022

Automated inspection of seabed industrial equipment with the help of AUV assumes its navigational referencing to the inspection object with sub-met er accuracy. That accuracy cannot be achieved on the base of standard onboard navigation equipment. It is proposed to use the method of video recognition of feature points (FP) on the inspected equipment to solve this problem. The FPs are preliminarily determined on the models of objects and downloaded into the AUV control system in the form of three-dimensional sets (clouds). Ensuring stable high accuracy during continuous movement of AUV in inspected objects space is realized through regular updating of the coordinate referencing to the objects. The inspection procedure using this method consists of the following steps:

- the AUV mission specification (including downloading the FPs descriptions),

- launching the AUV and preliminary approach to the inspected objects,

- determining the optimal sequence for bypassing the inspected objects,

- performing the searching procedure for the next FP and navigational reference to it,

- subsequent inspection of the specified fragments of equipment.

At the same time, the logic of the mission execution provides for a dynamic change in the inspection plan in case of failure when any of the planned FP are detected. The paper presents the AUV control system algorithms that implement the described inspection scenario. The approach correctness was investigated using the mathematical modeling methods.
Labile Components of the Amur River Flood Silts
Authors: Kharitonova G V , Makhinov A N , Krutikova V O
Published: February 2022

The paper considers the possibility of inflow and accumulation of pollutants on the Amur River floodplain as a result of floods and deposition of the flood silts (FS). Labile components of FS – water-dispersible clays (WPC) – are a good indicator of transfer and removal of nutrients and contaminants. The study was focused on FS of the floodplain islands below the confluence of the Sungari River (near Khabarovsk, Far East, Russia). It is shown that, the content of major and trace elements in FS corresponds to the average values for sedimentary rocks independently of the flood power. However, after minor flood, there was a significant accumulation of calcium and phosphorus in WDC, which is accompanied by an abnormal accumulation of As up to 70 mg/kg. After the extreme flood, the As content in WDC fell by more than three times, which is associated with the duration of standing water in the floodplain. The latter causes the dissolution and leaching of apatite group phosphates and the arsenates contained in them as impurities. The process of As accumulation in WDC of the flood silts in low-water years (at minor floods) is not critical, but requires monitoring and further research.
Assessment of Risk of Population Health Damage with Polluted Air of Industrial Megacity
Authors: Cherkasova N G , Khilyuk A V
Published: February 2022

The assessment of risk of the population health damage in industrial cities stipulates for a mandatory use of such indicators as expected duration of the working career, the level of life satisfaction and the level of medical service in the region, DALY, climate in the region considered, the state and quality of the natural environment, especially, the state of atmospheric air. Air pollution causes causes the deterioration of organism functions, adaptation and intellectual capabilities of the population. The problem considered in the article involves the activity of specialists on various levels and professional areas in health care, environmental protection, management of vital activities and the regional viability. Joint complex solutions allow developing complementary natural protection and therapeutic measures for improving the population health in the Krasnoyarsk Territory (exemplified by Krasnoyarsk) and decreasing population mortality.
Research of the Range of Location of Bases Track Machine Stations
Authors: Skripachev I F , Skripacheva N L , Belous T V
Published: February 2022

The paper investigates the issues of rational placement of the main structural divisions of the repair complex of the track facilities of JSC «Russian Railways» - the production bases of track machine stations. An analysis of the current situation and the required development of production capacities and technical support of bases for the implementation of the program of track repairs along the railway network is presented.
Forecast of Thermal Mode for the Slope Fill-Up Ground, Considering the Operation of Seasonal Cooling Units in Cryolithic Zone Conditions
Authors: Kurilko A S , Popenko F E , Khokholov Yu A , Romanova E K
Published: February 2022

The article is concerned with the solution of the issue of freezing and stabilization of negative thermal mode for the slopes made of fill-up ground, which are held by a gabion wall in cryolithic zone conditions. To estimate the efficiency of artificial freezing of the slope ground, a mathematical 3D model of heat-exchange processes was worked out, which takes into account the phase change of moisture, freezing temperature, length of cooling devices, their quantity and location, the annual cycle of ambient air temperature and ground bedding. The model takes into account geometrical parameters of the slope and impact of daylight surface. The issue had been solved with numerical technique of finite differences. The calculations indicated the efficiency of implementation of seasonal cooling units for increasing of the fill-up slope stability. Their implementation results in progressive accumulation of cold in its ground. By the end of the fourth year of freezing, the whole mass of the fill-up slope ground turns into a frozen state. When seasonal cooling units were switched off in next years, the frozen area in the fill-up slope remains the same and thermal mode of the slope ground becomes a stable periodic cycle, i.e. expected seasonal temperature oscillations take place.
Operating Modes Management of Oil and Oil Produkt Transport Systems Pipeline Assording to Acceptable Risk-Based Criterion
Authors: Pavlova Z K , Verevkin A P , Pavlova A D , Azmetov K A
Published: February 2022

The paper discusses the solution to the problem of advanced risk management of oil and petroleum product pipeline systems (PS) based on calculating the level of stress-strain state of pipeline structures and reducing safety factors depending on the magnitude, rate, and frequency of pressure changes in the PS. The operating modes of some pipeline systems are characterized by unsteadiness, accompanied by an increased level and frequent changes in the pipe wall stresses and, as a result, increased accident risks. The pipeline systems operating in an unsteady mode include the main oil and petroleum product pipelines (MP), characterized by very long distances. In this case, possible damages to the linear MP parts cause significant loss. Therefore, despite the high reliability of these structures, maintaining an acceptable level of safety margins and the risk of accidents is a rather urgent problem. The risks of accidents are calculated using models linking the process parameters of the PS operating modes and their design characteristics with the permissible stresses in the pipe wall and the pipeline valve installation places.
Increase in Plant Survival in the Processes of Phytoremediation of Oil-Contaminated Soils of the Permafrost Zone
Authors: Lifshits S Kh , Glyaznetsova Yu S , Zueva I N , Chalaya O N
Published: February 2022

Oil and oil products are among the most common soil contaminants. The phytoremediation method is widely used to restore oil-contaminated soils. Permafrost conditions are an additional stress factor for plant growth. The experimental results showed that the dependences of the physiological characteristics of plants on the amount of added oil are nonlinear, which indicates the adaptive nature of these changes. Small amounts of oil (0.16-0.25%) even stimulate plant growth. However, oil additions in excess of 0.82% already inhibit plant growth. The study of increasing plant survival in permafrost soils in a toxic environment (oil pollution) showed that positive results had been achieved by soaking seeds in solutions of biologically active substances. Seed soaking increased the resistance of plants even at the stage of seed treatment, which contributes to their survival in a toxic oil-polluted environment. For example, it is possible to recommend a sowing of Vicia sativa seeds that have been pre-treated by soaking in salicylic acid solutions of different concentrations or humate for increase the effectiveness of measures to clean up areas from oil pollution.
Research of The Stress-Deformed State at the “Shikhanskoe”, “Novobakalskoe”, Developed by the “Siderite” Mines
Authors: Sentyabov S V , Krinitsyn R V , Ushakov E M
Published: February 2022

The stress state in the structural elements of development systems is formed as a function of the design parameters of mine workings, the full stress tensor, which includes gravitational-tectonic and time-varying stresses acting in the rock mass at the time of the start of research, taking into account the physical and mechanical properties of the rock massif, modulus of elasticity and additional stresses caused by a subsequent change in the stress field, caused outside the zone of influence of mining by a cyclical change in natural stresses, and in the zone of influence of the mined-out space - by a change in the secondary stress field.

An assessment was made of the possibility of self-collapse of overlying rock masses near the workings of block No. 10, No. 20, No. 11, MBTs10-20, No. 21 in the conditions of its undermining by underground mining of horizons 540 m and 480 m of the Sideritovaya mine, and recommendations were developed to ensure production safety works.

On the basis of mining and technical documentation of the mine, field and laboratory measurements, an analysis of the mining and geological conditions of development of the investigated deposits, an analysis of the natural stresses of the deposit was carried out, the physical and mechanical properties of rocks were studied, the calculation of the stress-strain state of the rock mass at operation of the Sideritovaya mine near the mine workings of blocks No. 10, No. 20, No. 11, MBTs10-20.

An assessment was made of the current state of the stress state at the field, as well as the associated components of the natural environment, and the compliance of this state with the requirements of norms, standards and conditions for the extraction of minerals.

The current, operational forecast of changes in the stress-strain state in the field and in the zone of significant influence of its development has been compiled.

The presented results of the studies, which significantly increase the degree of geomechanical study of the rock massif of the Bakalskoe deposit. The main purpose of the research was to determine the parameters of the initial stresses acting in the rock mass.
Application Statistical Models for Interpretation Toxicological Data
Authors: Latypova T R , Stepanova N Yu
Published: February 2022

The results of bioassay on infusoria of 75 samples of bottom sediments from 6 water bodies of the Middle Volga region were analyzed using traditional nonparametric methods and statistical models Generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) and Cumulative link mixed model (CLMM). The ambiguity of the interpretation of the results of biotesting performed by nonparametric methods is due to the fact that the toxicological data often do not correspond to the normal distribution. The use of the GLMM and CLMM models allow analyze data that do not correspond to the normal distribution and made it possible to clarify the level of toxicity of a number of ambiguous samples, which, after processing by mathematical model algorithms, acquire the status of either exactly toxic or exactly non-toxic.
Prospects of Oil and Gas Potential of the Middle Paleozonic Deposits of Eastern Yakutia from Historical Viewpoint of Geological Development
Authors: Sivtsev A I , Petrov D M , Ivanova Z E
Published: February 2022

The article considers the prospects of oil and gas potential of the Middle Paleozoic deposits of Eastern Yakutia. Based on the study of the peculiarities of bitumen content intervals of the Silurian-Devonian deposits of Selennyakhsky block, it was concluded about high oil and gas potential of the domanicoid Middle Paleozoic deposits of the Omulevsky terrain. Under favorable structural and tectonic conditions and immersion to shallow depths, Middle Paleozoic deposits can contain oil and gas deposits to clarify the most promising subsoil areas, the author’s version of the geological development history of Eastern Yakutia is proposed. The diagrams of the completenses of the main sedimentary complexes are compiled: Middle Devonian-Lower Carboniferous, Upper Paleozoic-Lower Mesozoic, Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous and Upper Cretaceous-Cenozoic. Based on the constructed diagrams of the thicknesses of sedimentary complexes and the shown horizontal displacements, the Tastakhsky depression is identified as the most promising territory. It is assumed that there is a section of the Middle Paleozoic rift basin, slightly affected by the collision. Additionally, the prospects of oil and gas potential of the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous complex of deposits are substantiated and presented.
Influence of the Shape of a Submarine Vessel on the Ice Breaking Capacity of Flexural-Gravity Waves
Authors: Zemlyak V L , Kozin V M , Vasilyev A S
Published: February 2022

The severe climatic conditions of the Arctic Regions impose great constraints on traditional methods of hydrocarbon extraction. That is why underwater technologies used for raw material extraction and handling are very promising. The influential factor for the safe operation of an submarine vessel (SV) during under-ice navigation is breaking the surface through the ice cover. The traditional method of coming to the surface does not always apply because of the difficult and dangerous maneuvering and ice partial depth of the broken ice. In fact, the load that arises in the ice moves generates a system of progressive flexural-gravity waves (FGW). In case the waves are intensive to a certain extent, the ice of heavy thickness can destruct. The paper informs on an experimental study of FGW ice-breaking capacity generated due to SV of different projects running. The experiments were conducted in an ice tank. The ice destruction efficiency is determined using the ice-breaking criterion. The authors conclude that the principal factor affecting the ice-breaking capacity is not the displacement of water, but a fineness ratio of a submarine ship, as well as a cross-section ship shape. The subject of the influence of the vessel depth on FGW characteristics is explored.
Bioanalytical Technologies for Safety Control of Fish and Seafood by Sensitive Rapid Tests for Phycotoxins
Authors: Eremin S A , Zherdev A V , Tokeshi M , Hibara A
Published: February 2022

Wide and operate safety monitoring of foodstuffs is highly demanded in modern society. This work aims to develop and characterize new test systems for control of phycotoxins, dangerous contaminants of fish and seafood. For rapid and productive testing, 2 methods have been implemented: immunochromatographic assay and fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Various approaches for reducing the limit of detection of target analytes have been considered, including changes in the use of optical and fluorescent labels and varied order of the detected complexes formation. Antibodies and aptamers have been considered as receptor molecules. The developed techniques provide rapid (20–30 minutes, including sample preparation) and sensitive testing. Their effectiveness has been shown for different kinds of fish and seafood. Portable detectors have been proposed that allow testing directly at the sampling points, without transportation to centralized laboratories.
Modern Trends in the Architectural and Planning Organization of Rehabilitation Centers for People with Pathology of the Musculoskeletal System
Authors: Zhdanova I V , Potienko N D , Kuznetsova A A
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the article is to reveal modern directions of architectural and planning organization of rehabilitation centers for people with locomotor apparatus pathology. The research is based on the study of world experience in the design and construction of rehabilitation centers in order to identify the functional composition of the premises and the planning organization. The attention is focused on the demand for the mentioned objects. The conclusion about the necessity of complex approach with attention to landscape organization and socialization is made which will increase comfort and quality of medical services. The results of the study have been tested in an experimental project of the rehabilitation center in Samara. As a result of the study the necessity of building such facilities in Russia is emphasized. The experience of foreign countries needs adaptation to Russian conditions.
Conduction of a Laboratory Experiment with the Goal of Researching Submerged Flow Peculiarities
Authors: Kildibaeva S R , Gimaltdinov I K , Kharisov E I
Published: February 2022

In connection with the decreasing hydrocarbon reserves on land, the interest of researchers in new alternative methods of hydrocarbon production is growing. One of the actively developing areas is the production of hydrocarbons from deep-water deposits, in connection with which the share of developed deposits in the water area of the World Ocean is growing every year. However, this production method is not completely safe, since any damage to the production structure can lead to leakage of hydrocarbons. In this case, hydrocarbons are distributed in the form of a submerged jet. Predicting the behavior of submerged jets, calculating their trajectories and thermophysical parameters is important in the elimination of leakage. The article discusses an experimental study of a submerged jet. The results of the experiment will make it possible to verify the mathematical model describing the propagation of a submerged jet. The experiment was carried out to study the trajectory of the jet and its temperature. This paper presents the results on the analysis of the jet trajectory. In the experiment, gasoline or diesel fuel was used as a liquid, air was used as a gas. The work shows a diagram of the experimental setup, describes the process of the experiment, and also shows a photograph of the experiment and a comparison with the results of calculations.
Mathematical Description of Dynamic Processes Occurring in Rolling Bearings Used in Oil-And-Gas Sector Rotor Machines as the Basis for Their Vibration-Based Diagnostics
Authors: Velichko E I , Inozemtsev D A , Muzykantova A V , Stepanov M S
Published: February 2022

The rolling bearings used in modern rotor machines in the oil-and-gas sector are seen as crucial components. The accuracy of their production complies with the highest operational requirements. However, bearings are also the most probable cause of rotor machine failures. This can be attributed to the friction in support assemblies.

This article considers the mathematical dependencies reflecting the dynamic processes occurring in rolling bearing during operation. It will help construct a modern test-range model for vibration-based diagnostics of bearing systems. The experiments with the practical use of this model showed a fault detection accuracy of 82-84%, which is a very good result.
On Food Security of the Northern and Arctic Regions of Russia (Using the Example of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Authors: Rodnina N V
Published: February 2022

The food security of a country or region is the main focus of agrarian policy and the specific characteristics of agricultural production explain the increased attention of most countries to the agrarian sector of the economy. From the perspective of the northern and Arctic regions with complex climatic conditions, food security is a complex multifactorial problem and consists of domestic opportunities for agricultural production and the import of food from other regions and even countries.

Regions with low agricultural potential are characterized by problems such as small volumes of local food production and the lack of a competitive market, the high cost of goods sold and non-compliance with medical nutrition standards. Most such regions are characterized by long distances, the complexity of the terrain (lakes, rivers) and the lack of transport infrastructure. In this regard, vital food is imported using the so-called “northern delivery” system.

The purpose of the study was to identify the problems of the food supply system of the northern and Arctic regions and to develop proposals for changing the negative situation.

The object of the study was economic and organizational approaches to the food supply of the population of hard-to-reach regions.

Research methods: comparative and economic analysis, statistical.

The following tasks are solved:

- characterize key indicators of regional food security;

- analyse the state of food security in the northern and Arctic regions;

- identify problems and propose solutions at the national (state) and local levels. The purpose of the study was to identify the problems of the food supply system of the northern and Arctic regions and to develop proposals for changing the negative situation. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the proposals developed by the author on the main directions of state policy in the field of food supply in the northern and Arctic regions.
Improving the Efficiency of Sewage Treatment Plants on the Example of Treatment Plants in the Cities of Artem and Vladivostok
Authors: Volkova V N , Kundenok S V , Golovin V L
Published: February 2022

Fugate water, when it enters the beginning of sewage treatment plants (STP), increases the load on the biological treatment system. Methods of purification of the STP return water are considered. A new composite composition has been developed for the reagent precipitation of ammonium and phosphates from water, which is formed as a result of thickening and dewatering of sludge. On the basis of the experimental data obtained, a technological scheme for the treatment of water formed after mechanical dewatering of excess activated sludge and sludge from the operation of treatment plants at biological wastewater treatment plants has been developed. The developed technological solution makes it possible to exclude the effect of aluminum on activated sludge and minimize the negative effect of ammonium and phosphates, with minimal construction and operating costs. The proposed cleaning method is applicable to both existing treatment facilities and newly designed ones.
Sources of Ingress and Distribution of Marine Litter Along the Coast of Primorsky Krai
Authors: Okhotkina V E , Blinovskaya Ya Yu , Vysotskaya M V , Chernysh O G
Published: February 2022

The World Ocean pollution with production and consumption waste is one of the hottest global environmental problems of today. The term “marine litter” has already become firmly established in the scientific use, and in both Russian and world research literature it is defined as any manufactured or processed material, directly or indirectly, intentionally or unintentionally left in the marine environment. It is plastics and its elements that account for a considerable share of marine litter. Research on the pollution of the beaches of Primorsky Krai. with marine litter been carried out since 2007 to the present. These were first conducted on the shores of the Amursky and Ussuriysky bays (Japan sea) and were timed to coincide with the International Coastal Cleanup (ICC) action to clean up the shoreline from marine litter. Over the period of from 2007 to 2021, more than 160 studies were carried out at 74 locations along the Primorsky Krai coast. The findings from the monitoring have revealed 85 per cent of waste found the Primorsky Krai coastal-marine areas have been formed through recreational activities. The analysis of the monitoring results made it possible to work out a number of recommendations to control the situation with Primorsky Krai coastal-marine areas’ pollution with marine litter.
On the Issue of Technical Re-Equipment of Production Bases of Track Machine Stations of JSC “Russian Railways”
Authors: Skripachev I F , Klementov A S , Skripacheva N L
Published: February 2022

In the proposed work, based on the analysis of the existing technical equipment of the track machine stations production bases and the prospective volumes of laying and removing the rail-sleeper lattice during track repairs, to be offered ways to solve the required development of the production capacities of the link-assembly, link-disassembly, link-repair bases of the track machine stations.
Pressure Drop and Particle Collection Efficiency of Multivortex Separator
Authors: Madyshev I N , Kharkov V V , Bolotnov V G , Dmitriev A V
Published: February 2022

The purification of gas emissions from dispersed particles is presently one of the mandatory measures to protect the air basin for most industrial enterprises. The authors developed a device for gas cleaning with separation elements in the form of a profile with rectangular vertical slots. Such a design creates numerous small vortices, which leads to an increase in collection efficiency. The paper aims to numerically determine the effect of the design and operating conditions on the particle deposition efficiency and the pressure drop of the multivortex separator. The height of the rectangular slots varied from 55 to 94 mm. In addition, the size of the dispersed particles changed from 1 to 15 μm in diameter. The results show that a decrease of resistance coefficient is observed with an increase in the height of the rectangular slot in the separation element. The results indicate that separation elements should be designed with a small height of rectangular slots and located in the lower part to collect fine particles in the multivortex separator efficiently.
Visual Landscape Analysis of the Territory of the Squares of the City of Orel and Assessment of the Dynamics of Urban Ecosystems According to the State of Woody Vegetation
Authors: Zolotareva E V , Korenkova E A
Published: February 2022

The authors analyzed the territory of the squares in Orel to determine the influence of the types of spatial structures on the features of the functioning of the landscape objects, forecast the stability of the studied landscape and assess the dynamics of urban ecosystems according to the state of woody vegetation. In order to develop a scientifically-based design of sustainable urban ecosystems and to reconstruct urban objects of landscape architecture, a method for analyzing the territory of squares on the selected contours of the types of spatial structures (TSS) is proposed, which allows to identify positive and negative factors that affect the development of design solutions. It is found that for the majority of squares whose age of plantings is close to the limit in urban conditions, the closed type of spatial structure is typical. As a result of the analysis of the placement and the ratio of the types of spatial structures for a comprehensive assessment of territories, it was found that the closed type of spatial structure caused a decrease not only in the attractiveness, but also in the sanitary and hygienic role of landscape architecture objects. The most favorable conditions for the sustainable functioning of tree stands in urban squares are semi-open and open spaces.
Visions of the Future of Post-Industrial and Post-Pandemic Housing Architecture
Authors: Klochko A R
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to the visions and problems of the future of post-industrial and post-pandemic housing architecture. Architecture always strives for society and trends in it, sometimes anticipating, sometimes lagging behind in its expressions. Now there is another industrial revolution, which should lead to a transition from an industrial to a post-industrial society. The main directions in the change of modern society affecting the architectural design of the living environment are analyzed. It is also alleged that the pandemic was Covid-19 a catalyst that identified serious gaps in the organization of the residential environment. Outbreaks of viruses have occurred and will occur, especially in megacities. The need for social distancing, restrictions on their stay in their own home called into question the accepted principles of designing a residential environment. In the context of the ongoing global socioeconomic changes, there is an urgent need for prudent modernization of traditional residential design models. Experimental housing architecture is a long tradition of finding new forms of housing, supported by the desire of society to find answers to the challenges of time, where the architect has a significant role. The article considers the recommendations of students of architects of the Moscow State University of Civil Engineering on the design of a residential environment with promising proposals for solving existing housing problems, which they carried out during architectural design.
Epizootic Situation of Brucellosis of Domestic Northern Reindeer in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Authors: Zakharova O I , Protodyakonova G P
Published: February 2022

Brucellosis is a highly contagious zooanthroponotic disease. Epizootics of brucellosis etiology registered in the regions of Yakutia significantly reduce the efficiency of reindeer husbandry. In most cases, brucellosis in animals manifests itself chronically for several years, which makes it difficult to eliminate this infection in the conditions of reindeer farms and contributes to the formation of persistent, epizootic active foci. Brucellosis has not only social significance, but also serves as a potential barrier to trade (sale and exchange) of animals, products and products of animal origin, and prevents breeding. The article provides data on the epizootic situation of brucellosis in domestic reindeer in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The data on the livestock and research on brucellosis of northern domestic reindeer in Yakutia are presented.
Numerical Study of the Non-Azeotropic Mixture Outflow in Event Accident in the Building Cooling System
Authors: Zherlykina M N , Vorobyeva Yu A , Kononova M S , Yaremenko S A
Published: February 2022

The range of values of the pressure of the refrigerating agent at adiabatic compression of vapors in the compressor, within which the cycle of operation of the cooling machine should be carried out, is graphically represented. The distribution of concentrations of a harmful substance – a refrigerating agent in the volume of a room in the event of depressurization of the building’s cooling supply elements is studied and the most dangerous area for human health and the critical time spent in it are determined. The amount of refrigerating agent in the system is determined depending on the cooling capacity of the outdoor unit and on the length of the freon lines, taking into account the parameters of the outdoor air. An analytical dependence is developed for determining the time of leakage of the refrigerating agent into the volume of the room, depending on the configuration of the air conditioning system and its cooling capacity. Based on the study of changes in the amount of refrigerating agent and the time of its expiration before reaching the maximum permissible concentration in the working area of the room, recommendations are presented for optimizing the parameters for monitoring the content of harmful substances in the room air, depending on the characteristics of the system.
Formulas for Calculating Deformations of Power Line Supports
Authors: Astakhov S V , Kirsanov M N , Vorobyev O V
Published: February 2022

In this work, we investigate the static deformations of the spatial model of a statically determined truss of a power line support. The tetrahedral truss has a pyramidal extension at the base and a cross-shaped lattice. Brackets for attaching the supporting cables are located at the top of the truss. A spherical support hinge, a cylindrical one, and two vertical posts are located at the four corners of the structure base. We consider two types of loads: wind, and force. Horizontal forces applied to the nodes of one face model the wind load. The horizontal force is applied to the top of the structure. We aim to derive formulas for the dependence of the deflections of the truss on the number of its panels. We use the Maxwell-Mohr formula to determine the deflection. We find the efforts in the structural elements and the reactions of the supports from the general system of linear equations of equilibrium of all nodes of the truss. A series of solutions for trusses with different numbers of panels are summarized by the induction method in the Maple computer mathematics system. The sought formulas for the dependence of the vertical deflection of the console and the displacement of the top of the mast on the number of panels were obtained in the form of polynomials in the number of panels of degree not higher than the fourth. Some asymptotics of solutions is found in the work.
Simulating Interaction of Liquid Steel with Gate Wall at Harmonic Motion
Authors: Tsarenko S N , Kostenko A V , Ignatkina E L , Ponamareva E A
Published: February 2022

The problem of determining the forces of interaction of a viscous fluid with the cylindrical pipe wall is considered. It is assumed that near the pipe wall, the fluid motion is completely determined by viscous forces. The pipe moves along the streamline. The annular fluid element motion law is a special case of the Navier–Stokes equation in a cylindrical coordinate system. The equation is solved by the Fourier method in Bessel functions. Considering the orthogonality of the eigenfunctions, an equation for the squared norm is found. As an example, the case is considered when the pipe is subjected to vibration. Equations have been obtained for the velocities and viscous friction forces in the laminar sublayer. It has been found that when the pipe moves harmonically, the velocities and shear stresses at the pipe wall do not reach their maximum synchronously. The distribution of velocities and stresses in the section of the steel-pouring ladle gate channel has been considered for three vibration modes. The solution provided can be, in particular, used to determine the fluid–pipe wall interaction forces when the pipe is technologically affected by vibration, impulse, etc., as well as study moving joints such as piston, plunger, etc.
Design Education. New Approaches in New Conditions
Authors: Stratonova L M , Kvashnina O V , Gilmutdinova E V
Published: February 2022

Everything embraced by the contemporary educational content, requires a high-class professional design. Specialized graphics, infographics, typographics, and pictograms – all new forms of information transfer and educational technologies depend on the design quality. Russia’s university environment always strived to occupy leading positions in applying newest forms of training highly skilled specialists. The objective of the given article is to activate the efforts of the educational society to work out a fundamentally new content of training to make the exchange of knowledge and scientific cooperation on the leading world university platforms efficient and effective. The necessity of searches for efficient mechanisms of implementing projects of the country’s strategic development demonstrates that specialists in high priority lines of design are not simply wanted, they are vitally needed. Efforts should be focused on training specialists in media design, web design, digital image and augmented reality design, motion design, communication technology design, 3D technology design, modeling and moulage design, document design, etc.

Experiments in visual technologies made it possible to formulate main modes and methods of creating a digital educational content. Technologies of motion design made it possible to present the composition fundamentals didactic material in a concise form. This project was worked out by the Chair of Design and History of Art of the Ufa State Petroleum Technological University and appeared unexpendable when the education process became on-line. Such projects were few at the disposal of the teaching staff but particularly these ones were the most effective in the pandemic period.
Freezing Mechanisms of the Concrete in an Area of Variable Water Level of Port Facilities
Authors: Malyuk V V , Malyuk V D
Published: February 2022

The article deals with the problem of concrete durability in the area of variable water level of port facilities. Particular attention was paid to the exposure of both negative temperatures and sea water. The reasons for the destruction of concrete in the first winter season under prolonged freezing of structures with sea ice were analyzed. The authors come to the conclusion that alternating freezing and thawing is not always a major critical value of the severity of frost exposure on the concrete in an area of variable water level. Based on the study of the mechanism of the concrete freezing, they concluded that in the course of prolonged freezing, the classical approach to ensuring the durability of the concrete by increasing the frost resistance with the use of air-entraining agents does not solve one of the important practical problems – provision of the resistance of the concrete in the first winter period. The authors believe that the concrete technology requirements should factor in the mechanism of the concrete freezing in a structure. They proposed the technological methods that make it possible to reduce the sensitivity of the concrete to the prolonged frost exposure in massive structures.
Mobile Reserve Architecture: Designing the Post-Pandemic Solutions
Authors: Kizilova S A
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the article is to identify key solutions for pandemic architecture design. The research approach is based on the analysis of competition proposals and realized projects aimed at creating reserve hospitals during the pandemic. The historical role of epidemics in shaping architecture and cities was carried out. The precedents of mobile reserve hospitals that appeared during the pandemic were analyzed. Through the precedent’s analysis leading approaches to the new architectural environment have been distinguished (modularity and aggregation, inflatability, buoyancy, vertical expansion). The materials of this research can be used in further theoretical studies on post-pandemic architecture development scenarios and as a roadmap for practical solutions or proposals.