bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Gradually, a Turning Point Occurred, and the Idea to End an Armed Struggle Arose”
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ganin Andrey
Published: September 2024

The article is dedicated to the biography of Colonel N.F. Sokolovsky, a mysterious historical figure who played a significant role in the Russian Civil War. In 1919, Sokolovsky was a military expert serving in the Kiev Provincial Military Commissariat and the People's Commissariat for Military Affairs of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. At the same time, he was also a prominent figure of the White underground in Ukraine. After the occupation of Kiev by White forces, he defected to them and prepared a report on subversive activities for the White command. However, he later found himself on the side of the Reds again. Sokolovsky's name is linked to the story of an attempt to surrender Wrangel's army to the Red Army in the autumn of 1920. He presented himself as the leader of an anti-Wrangel underground organization in Crimea, but later evacuated to Turkey with the Russian army of General P.N. Wrangel, was in exile for some time, but returned to his homeland in early 1922. Upon his return, a detailed investigation into the circumstances of his case was conducted in Soviet Russia. According to the results of this investigation, Sokolovsky's report from 1919 was found to be largely fictitious. Sokolovsky was tried by the Military Board of the Supreme Tribunal of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. He was released from further punishment, and later the White underground worker managed to obtain a job in the People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs. However, he was eventually shot during the Great terror. Thanks to the introduction of the documents from the archives of special services into scientific circulation, some details of his life and work have now been reconstructed.
High-resolution geophysical monitoring of moisture accumulation preceding slope movement – a path to improved early warning
Authors: Watlet Arnaud , Wilkinson Paul , Whiteley Jim , White Adrian , Uhlemann Sebastian , Swift Russell , Ouellet Susanne , Chris Minto , Meldrum Phil , Jones Lee , Gunn David , Godfrey Alastair , Dashwood Ben , Crickmore Roger , Clarkson Paul , Boyd James , Chambers Jonathan
Published: September 2024

Slope failures are an ongoing global threat leading to significant numbers of fatalities and infrastructure damage. Landslide impact on communities can be reduced using efficient early warning systems to plan mitigation measures and protect elements at risk. This manuscript presents an innovative geophysical approach to monitoring landslide dynamics, which combines Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and low-frequency Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS), and was deployed on a slope representative of many landslides in clay rich lowland slopes. ERT is used to create detailed, dynamic moisture maps that highlight zones of moisture accumulation leading to slope instability. The link between ERT derived soil moisture and the subsequent initiation of slope deformation is confirmed by low-frequency DAS measurements, which were collocated with the ERT measurements and provide changes in strain at unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. Auxiliary hydrological and slope displacement data support the geophysical interpretation. By revealing critical zones prone to failure, this combined ERT and DAS monitoring approach sheds new light on landslide mechanisms. This study demonstrates the advantage of including subsurface geophysical monitoring techniques to improve landslide early warning approaches, and highlights the importance of relying on observations from different sources to build effective landslide risk management strategies.
Do Large Language Models know who did what to whom?
Authors: Denning Joseph M. , Guo Xiaohan (Hannah) , Snefjella Bryor , Blank Idan Asher
Published: September 2024

Large Language Models (LLMs) are commonly criticized for not “understanding” language. However, many critiques target cognitive abilities that, in humans, are distinct from language processing. Here, we instead study a kind of understanding tightly linked to language: inferring “who did what to whom” (thematic roles) in a sentence. Does the common training objective of LLMs—word prediction—result in sentence representations that capture thematic roles? In two experiments, we characterized sentence representations in four LLMs. In contrast to human similarity judgments, in LLMs the overall representational similarity of sentence pairs reflected syntactic similarity but not whether their agent and patient assignments were identical vs. reversed. Furthermore, we found little evidence that thematic role information was available in any subset of hidden units. However, some attention heads robustly captured thematic roles, independently of syntax. Therefore, LLMs can extract thematic roles but, unlike humans, this information influences their representations only weakly.
The Economy of Suffering: Ethical Dimensions of Digital Public Health Communication During the 2022 Mpox Crisis
Authors: Scalvini Marco , Fletcher Sarah
Published: September 2024

This study examines the ethical dimensions of health communication during the 2022 mpox outbreak, focusing on the interplay between social media and public health officials in shaping stakeholder responses. Based on semi-structured interviews, findings reveal that social media played a crucial role in information dissemination for months during the crisis, while public health officials were slow to offer clear guidance. While social media empowers advocacy and the sharing of personal stories, it also raises ethical concerns, particularly regarding how vulnerable communities may become entangled in an economy of suffering, where their experiences of pain are validated and interpreted by stakeholders through a selective mechanism rooted in cultural codes and power dynamics. Moreover, systemic inequities render the suffering of marginalized groups, particularly those with intersecting identities, less visible and intensify the consequences of inadequate outreach. This creates a disparity where the suffering of those in more privileged positions is more readily recognized and addressed. The theoretical advancement lies in reconceptualizing the platformization of pain to include narrative resistance, highlighting that marginalized groups actively contest and reshape suffering narratives rather than passively experience them. This expanded framework also deepens the concept of an economy of suffering by integrating hermeneutical injustice, which emphasizes how power dynamics shape not only the visibility of suffering but also the interpretive frameworks that validate certain narratives while marginalizing others.
Mitigasi Bencana Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Di Desa Kaidundu Barat Kabupaten Bone Bolango
Authors: Eraku Sunarty Suly , Baruadi Moh. Karmin
Published: September 2024

Kaidundu Barat Village is structurally part of Bulawa Sub-district, geographically West Kaidundu Village is located between Pinomontiga village in Bulawa Sub-district.  The topographic conditions of Kaidundu Barat Village are located in hilly/highland areas and some lowlands and coastal areas.  Kaidundu Barat Village was also affected by landslides which resulted in damaged houses, although there were no casualties but it is estimated to have a very large loss. Therefore, it is necessary to socialize and educate local wisdom-based disaster mitigation to the community who mostly live in the area to socialize disaster mitigation so that in this case the surrounding community can be aware of disasters arising from the coastal area of Kaidundu Barat Village in Bulawa District.  The main objective of this activity is to socialize and educate local wisdom-based disaster mitigation. This activity was carried out through the method of material presentation and questions and answers about how to act in the face of disasters, local wisdom-based disaster mitigation and landslide disaster mitigation and environmental conservation are very important to protect the community and the environment from the negative impacts of disasters. Based on the results of community service in the seminar activities, it shows that the participants, namely the people of Kaidundu Barat village, are very enthusiastic and satisfied with this activity. Local wisdom-based disaster mitigation has the potential to improve community preparedness and response to disasters by utilizing local knowledge and culture. Local wisdom-based disaster mitigation must involve the active role of the community in the planning process, decision-making, and implementation of mitigation measures. This seminar activity improved the community's understanding of risk and provided a sense of ownership of mitigation measures. Future development of this activity program should involve disaster mitigation education in the school curriculum or extension programs to increase understanding and awareness about disaster.
Pelatihan Mahārotu al-Kalām melalui Program "Sehari Berbahasa Arab" bagi Siswa MAN 2 Banggai
Authors: Hj. Bahri Ratni Bt. , Sarif Suharia , Usman Abdul Latif
Published: September 2024

Bahasa Arab memiliki peran penting dalam pendidikan Islam, namun keterampilan berbicara sering terabaikan dalam pembelajaran di madrasah. Program "Sehari Berbahasa Arab" di MAN 2 Banggai bertujuan meningkatkan maharatul kalam siswa. Metode yang digunakan adalah experiential learning, di mana siswa aktif terlibat dalam simulasi percakapan sehari-hari. Hasilnya, terjadi peningkatan signifikan dalam aspek kelancaran berbicara, penggunaan kosakata yang tepat, kemampuan mengekspresikan ide, serta peningkatan kepercayaan diri siswa. Selain itu, siswa merasa lebih nyaman dan percaya diri menggunakan bahasa Arab di luar konteks akademik. Kesimpulannya, program ini efektif dalam meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara siswa dan dapat diadopsi dalam skala yang lebih luas di lingkungan pendidikan.
The physical training programme of the US Armed Forces as an element of the system: experience for the Armed Forces of Ukraine
Authors: Anokhin Ye. D. , Romanchuk S.V. , Afonin V. M. , Petruk A. P. , Lototskiy I.R. , Boyarchuk O. M. , Vorontsov O. S.
Published: September 2024

The article conducts a structural and functional analysis of the programme of the physical training system ‘Holistic Health and Physical Activity’ of the US Army, as set out in the Field Manual (FM 7-22) of the same name, a guiding document that regulates the functioning of physical training. It is established that FM 7-22 itself is a comprehensive programme, a doctrinal description of how physical training leaders should design, develop and implement the latest physical training system in their military units to ensure maximum physical efficiency of military personnel - the basis of unit readiness. It is proved that the process of physical improvement of the US Army personnel, carried out in compliance with the provisions of FM 7-22, is a process of technological development. And it is precisely the technologisation of physical training of servicemen that has made it possible to ensure an adequate level of physical readiness of servicemen for professional and combat activities in the face of an unsatisfactory level of physical fitness of combat reserves. It is proposed to introduce the programme as an element of the system of physical training in the branches of the Armed Forces of Ukraine with the subsequent creation on its basis of the technology of physical improvement of servicemen as a guarantee of their physical readiness for effective combat activity.
Principles of forming a professional vocabulary for future specialists in the field of physical culture and sports
Authors: Irkhina Yuliana
Published: September 2024

The article discusses approaches to selecting active and passive vocabulary for professional use, based on such a statistical indicator as word frequency. It is emphasized that frequency encompasses both the rate of occurrence and the spread of the term across sources. The use of a purely frequency-based approach yields accurate results within the first thousand most frequent words, whereas the principle of spread demonstrates the regularity of a word's use in speech.
The study focuses on specialized vocabulary that assists future specialists in physical culture and sports in forming their own professional vocabulary in both specialized and general language contexts. It also examines methods for memorizing and actively using foreign words that are most relevant to the field of physical culture and sports. For effective assimilation of foreign vocabulary required in professional activities, it is important to learn to use it in productive speech.
Based on an analysis of texts in the field of physical culture and sports, a group of foreign words with the highest frequency taken out of the author’s textbook was identified and settled into a table, which shows a possibility to study them effectively in the course of professional English studying. This contributes to enhancing the language learning process for students specializing in this field, giving them freedom in using knowledge of professional-oriented language in their speech. The proportion of the most frequently used words relative to others was analyzed to assess their role in conveying significant information in a professional context.
Features of physical condition indicators of young people with metabolic syndrome and chronic musculoskeletal pain
Authors: Kalmykova Yu.S. , Kashuba V.O. , Kalmykov S.A.
Published: September 2024

The article discusses the importance of determining the assessment of physical development indicators in young women with metabolic syndrome and chronic musculoskeletal pain. The purpose of the study is to assess the physical condition of young women with metabolic syndrome and chronic musculoskeletal pain based on anthropometric examination (measuring body length, body weight, waist, hip and abdominal circumference, calculating body mass index, waist/hip circumference index, chest excursion, hand dynamometry, vital capacity). Research methods. The study involved 97 young women with metabolic syndrome and chronic musculoskeletal pain. The main demographic and anamnestic characteristics of the subjects were assessed. All measurements of physical development indicators were made in accordance with international standards. Research results. It was shown that among all young women with metabolic syndrome, there were no women with normal body weight, which indicates the homogeneity of the sample. Body length indicators were within the normal range; average statistical waist circumference indicators indicate significant health risks for the subjects; the waist-to-hip ratio in the women under study also goes beyond the normal range, the waist circumference-to-body length ratio in most women significantly exceeded the standard value, which indicates pronounced manifestations of metabolic syndrome. The obtained dynamometry results indicate an asymmetry in muscle strength in the right and left arms. The study of the component composition of the body showed a significant excess of the norm of body fat mass. Conclusions. The data obtained by us as a result of the ascertaining study allowed us to establish that the following indicators are beyond the development norms: mass-height index, vital capacity of the lungs, blood pressure, significantly increased fat and, conversely, decreased muscle component of body mass.
Experimental substantiation of the methodology for the development of physical qualities women of mature age (45-55 years)
Authors: Krupenya Svetlana , Lavrentyev Oleksandr , Zhivolovych Svetlana , Lysenko Serhiy
Published: September 2024

This article deals with issues aimed at the development of middle-aged women who are able to stimulate the endurance of the abdominal press, the flexibility of the hamstrings, and the muscular endurance of the upper body after 12 weeks of physical exercises for two sessions of 60 minutes per week. Squats and push-ups increase strength and muscular endurance.
A woman's physical condition is also largely tied to the phases of the menstrual cycle. At the same time, the manifestation of changes in the body of women during this period is very diverse.
Menstrual health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not just the absence of diseases or ailments associated with the menstrual cycle. This is the process of preparing the body for pregnancy. Menstrual health has a huge impact on society, from the impact on careers and opportunities to health issues. Menstruation greatly affects the physical performance of athletes due to symptoms such as cramps, back pain, headache and bloating. In addition, statistics claim that 75% of women who engage in any type of physical activity experience negative side effects due to their menstrual cycle.
During menstruation, women suffer from several physical, psychological, and behavioral symptoms that often result from premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Approximately 75% of women suffer from PMS and may experience headaches, abdominal cramps, bloating, fatigue, anxiety, high stress levels, or a combination of these symptoms. These symptoms range from mild to so severe that some women take days off work. While this is difficult for women to deal with in general, it affects athletes even more, who often have to go through rigorous training and physical exertion on a daily basis.
Electromyographic responses during isometric contraction in post-activation potential protocol
Authors: İpekoğlu Gökhan , Sözen Hasan , Çetin Tuğba , Apaydın Necdet , Çelik Muhammet Emirhan , Taşpınar Hacı Ahmet
Published: September 2024

Post-activation potentiation (PAP) has recently emerged as a pivotal phenomenon representing an acute enhancement in performance by significantly increasing muscle strength. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of PAP on the median and peak values of vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and rectus femoris muscles during isometric muscle contraction using electromyography (EMG). The study involved 14 male amateur soccer players whose one-repetition maximum (1RM) values were determined in the initial session. A crossover design was employed, implementing both a PAP protocol consisting of one set of three repetitions at 85% of 1RM and a Non-PAP protocol consisting only of warm-up exercises. The median and peak values of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) between groups (Non-PAP and Back-squat) were compared, employing the Mann-Whitney U test for intergroup comparisons. The results indicated no statistically significant differences in the median and peak values of the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and rectus femoris muscles between the Non-PAP and Back-squat groups. However, upon closer examination, it was observed that the median and peak EMG responses of the PAP group were higher compared to the Non-PAP group. These findings suggest that while PAP may not produce statistically significant changes in muscle activation in a small sample, there may still be a practical increase in muscle response following PAP, highlighting its potential benefit in enhancing performance.
Радянська репресивно-тоталітарна система за матеріалами журналу «З архівів ВУЧК–ГПУ–НКВД–КГБ»
Authors: Коляструк Ольга
Published: September 2024

The purpose of the article is to trace through the pages of the magazine «From the archives of the VUCHK-GPU-NKVD-KGB» for 1994-2022, what role it played in the formation of the domestic historiography of the Soviet repressive-terrorist system thanks to the opening of archival materials of the special services of the USSR, to trace the results of cooperation historians, archivists and public activists in the restoration of historical truth and justice. The research methodology is based on the historiographical and source-based analysis of documentary, informational and scientific-analytical materials of the magazine. Scientific novelty. 57 issues of the magazine «From the archives of the VUCHK-HPU-NKVD-KGB» were comprehensively processed. The focus of the review is publications about the Soviet repressive system, analyzed according to a) structuring of materials by headings, b) typology of publication of documents (integral complexes; thematic cases; separate documents); c) authored scientific and analytical articles based on archival sources. Conclusions. From the very beginning, the magazine acquired the status of an authoritative scientific and documentary publication, necessary for the study and understanding of the Soviet repressive system. The documentary base published on the pages of the magazine contributed to the deepening of knowledge about the Soviet regime. Thanks to new documents from special funds and archives of the Soviet special services, researchers debunk the myths of Soviet propaganda, destroy stereotypes about the social security of citizens of the USSR, about «social justice» and «socialist legality». The publication of documents and scientific-analytical articles contributed to the progress of domestic historiography of Stalinism and totalitarianism in the socio-cultural plane, thanks to the anthropocentric approach, historians expanded the study of repression not only through institutions and bodies, but through everyday life, attitudes and behavior of society.
Reformasi Birokrasi Melalui Inovasi Sistem Informasi Aparatur Sipil Negara (SIASN)
Authors: N Muhammad Iqbal , Hasanuddin  , Auradian Marta
Published: September 2024

Bureaucratic reform at the State Civil Service Agency Regional Office apparatus. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of implementation and inhibiting factors in the implementation of bureaucratic reform through state civil service information system innovation (SIASN) at BKN Regional Office XII Pekanbaru. This research uses the Theory of Effectiveness Aspects of Bureaucratic Reform in government organizations by looking at Institutional Aspects, Bureaucratic Position Holders, Simplification of Management (Innovation), Human Resources, and Technical Capabilities. Location The research was carried out at BKN Regional Office XII Pekanbaru. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach. Meanwhile, data collection techniques are carried out through interviews and documentation. Based on the research results, the author assesses that the implementation of Bureaucratic Reform through Innovation of the State Civil Apparatus Information System (SIASN) at the BKN Regional Office and are not used to using digital platforms so that the use of services in reforming Bureaucratic Reform through State Civil Apparatus Information System Innovation (SIASN) at BKN Regional Office XII Pekanbaru has not been maximized. The author assesses the need for system sustainability, development and comprehensive data integration in bureaucratic reform through SIASN "State Civil Apparatus Information System" at the State Civil Service Agency.
Implementasi Kebijakan Smart City Madani Melalui Mal Pelayanan Publik Di Kota Pekanbaru
Authors: Nadya Khairunnisa  , Zaili Rusli  , Febri Yuliani
Published: September 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana implementasi kebijakan Smart city Madani melalui Mal Pelayanan Publik di Kota Pekanbaru beserta faktor penghambatnya. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan melakukan wawancara kepada informan terpilih, selanjutnya data yang didapat dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Mal Pelayanan Publik belum dapat mendukung implementasi kebijakan Smart city Madani karena belum membawa perubahan nyata dalam pelayanan masyarakat di Kota Pekanbaru. Hal ini disebabkan masih ada ketidaksepemahaman antara instansi yang tergabung di MPP dengan standar pelayanan yang ditetapkan MPP terkait jam aktif pelayanan meskipun sudah memiliki SOP dan standar pelayanan yang telah ditetapkan. Belum adanya mekanisme pengawasan yang mengatur hal ini karena hanya mengandalkan MoU dan juga perjanjian kerjasama. Masih banyak masyarakat yang tidak mengetahui fungsi MPP, dan tidak sedikit yang kecewa atas pelayanan yang diberikan. Kenyataan di lapangan menunjukkan dari segi SDM khususnya bagian informasi masih sangat minim. Kebijakan pembangunan MPP ini pada awalnya menjadi bukti nyata terobosan dan inovasi pelayanan DPMPTSP Kota Pekanbaru dalam mendukung smart city Madani dengan melibatkan seluruh instansi pelayanan yang ada untuk bersama-sama meningkatkan pelayanan kepada masyarakat. Akan tetapi ditengah usia MPP yang terbilang masih baru serta masih memiliki banyak kekurangan yang perlu fokus dibenahi, justru muncul isu dan wacana mengubah sebagian gedung MPP menjadi alun-alun Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) sehingga potensi besar MPP saat ini seakan-akan tidak lagi menjadi perhatian utama kebijakan pemerintah. Akibatnya, banyak masyarakat menganggap bahwa keberadaan MPP ini tidak lagi mendukung kebijakan smart city madani. Terdapat faktor yang menghambat implementasi kebijakan Smart city Madani melalui Mal Pelayanan Publik di Kota Pekanbaru terdiri dari kurangnya sosialisasi, keterbatasan kuota pelayanan dan masih rendahnya literasi digital masyarakat
Peran Alokasi Dana Desa Dalam Mewujudkan Desa Mandiri Studi Kasus Nagari Lubuk Layang Kecamatan Rao Selatan Kabupaten Pasaman Provinsi Sumatera Barat
Authors: Yona Sufrita  , Asdi Agustar  , Osmet
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengelolaan Alokasi Dana Desa (ADD) dan kegiatan yang dilakukan menggunakan ADD. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode studi kasus, dimana nagari Lubuk Layang Kecamatan Rao Selatan dipilih sebagai kasus. Nagari Lubuk Layang dikategorikan sebagai nagari tertinggal berdasarkan skor Indeks Desa Membangun (IDM). Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam (indepth interview) terhadap sejumlah informan kunci (key informan) yang terdiri dari wali nagari, sekretaris nagari, keur keuangan nagari, ketua dan anggota BAMUS. Pengelolaan keuangan didasarkan kepada Permendagri No. 20 tahun 2018 Tentang Pengelolaan Keuangan Desa. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa dilihat dari indikator perencanaan, pelaksanaan, penatausahaan dan pertanggungjawaban, pengelolaan ADD di Nagari Lubuk Layang sudah dilakukan sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku. Sedangkan jenis kegiatan yang dilakukan, mayoritas berupa kegiatan fisik yang fungsinya mendukung proses pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam upaya mewujudkan nagari mandiri.
Free & Open Indo-Pasific Sebagai Grand Strategy as Dalam Peningkatan Perekonomian PNG
Authors: Venerini Gisela Wanguwesio  , Triesanto Romulo Simanjuntak  , Christian H J de Fretes
Published: September 2024

Free and Open Indo-Pasific merupakan grand strategy Amerika Serikat, yang bertujuan agar antar masyarakat dan pemerintah memiliki visi yang selaras terkait Indo-Pasifik yang sama dalam perdamaian, stabilitas, serta wilayah yang bebas dan terbuka. Penulis melihat bahwa FOIP memberikan pengaruh terhadap peningkatan perekonomian pada tahun 2022 yang disebabkan oleh hubungan bilateral antar AS-PNG. Hubungan ekonomi bilateral yang terjalin antara AS-PNG tidak hanya membantu kestabilan perekonomian PNG tetapi juga menjadi investasi bagi masa depan AS dikarenakan posisi strategis dan potensi besar yang dimiliki oleh PNG. Maka dari itu, penulis menggunakan konsep kepentingan nasional dan liberalisme. Dengan Teknik pengambilan data sekunder dan metode penelitian kualitatif, tulisan ini akan membahas bagaimana Free and Open Indo Pasific sebagai grand strategy Amerika Serikat, dapat meningkatkan stabilitas perekonomian di Papua Nugini.
Strategi Diplomasi Kemanusiaan Pemerintah Indonesia Terhadap Refugees Palestina Di Yordania Pada Tahun 2018-2022
Authors: Shane Resley Kuhuparuw  , Christian H J de Fretes  , Triesanto Romulo Simanjuntak
Published: September 2024

Konflik Israel-Palestina merupakan konflik berkepanjangan yang menjadi isu penting dalam ranah internasional. Hadirnya Indonesia sebagai eksistensi kepedulian terhadap pengungsi Palestina yang tersebar dibeberapa wilayah Timur Tengah khususnya Yordania yang menjadi negara terbanyak untuk menampung pengungsi Palestina. Penelitian ini ditulis untuk melihat bagaimana strategi diplomasi kemanusiaan Pemerintah Indonesia terhadap pengungsi Palestina yang berada di Yordania pada tahun 2018 hingga tahun 2022. Data yang telah diperoleh menujukkan bagaimana adanya dukungan penuh dari Pemerintah Indonesia terhadap Paletina. Metode yang dipakai dalam penulisan ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskripsi dan adapun teori Liberalisme yang digunakan untuk menganalisis penelitian ini
Influence of the chemical structure of terminal groups on the properties of ultrafiltration membranes from polyphenylene sulphone
Authors: Matveev D. N. , Raeva А. Yu. , Zhansitov A. A. , Shakhmurzova K. T. , Kurdanova Zh. I. , Anokhina Т. S. , Khashirova S. Yu. , Volkov V. V. , Borisov I. L.
Published: September 2024

For the first time, for the problem of high-performance ultrafiltration flat-sheet membranes casting, polyphenylene sulfones (PPSF) with chlorine and hydroxyl terminal groups were synthesized and studied. The synthesis of PPSF was carried out in dimethylacetamide at different ratios of 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenyl and 4,4-dichlorodiphenylsulfone monomers. Two samples with a predominant content of hydroxyl and chlorine terminal groups, PPSF-OH and PPSF-Cl, were studied using NMR, GPC and DSC methods. The coagulation values of polymer solutions in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), the mechanical properties and hydrophilicity of the materials were also determined. Both PPSF samples have high strength modulus (16.0–16.6 MPa). Using the method of deposition in water of PPSF solutions in NMP with PEG-400 additives, flat-sheet porous asymmetric m embranes with a mesoporous (diameter of about 7 nm) thin outer layer and finger-like macropores in the substrate were obtained. An increase in the proportion of –OH terminal groups increases the hydrophilicity of the polymer. This, in turn, made it possible to obtain flat-sheet membranes based on PPSF-OH with a water permeability of 66.1 l/m2 h bar, which is 1.5 times higher than the water permeability of the PFSF-Cl membrane. At the same time, both membranes demonstrate the Blue Dextran (Mw = 70,000 g mol–1) rejection of 99.9%.
Testing of proton exchange composite membranes “polymer film-sulfounded polystyrene” in a direct methanol fuel cell at 60°C. Methanol crossover
Authors: Kritskaya D. A. , Novikova K. S. , Sanginov E. A. , Ponomarev A. N.
Published: September 2024

The coefficients of diffusion permeability of methanol through the synthesized composite membranes “polymer film-sulfonated polystyrene” and Nafion-115 membrane were measured. For several composite membranes with significantly different transport properties the diffusion flux of methanol (qdiff) through these membranes was calculated under the conditions of a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) at 60°C and 1–2 M concentration of the feed solution. Direct measurements of the crossover current and methanol crossover (qCVA) in DMFC based on these membranes were carried out by using the cyclic voltammetry method (CVA). It has been established that the qCVA values are on average 15% lower than the corresponding qdiff values calculated for each membrane based on its individual parameters (area, thickness, methanol permeability coefficient). The observed ratio qCVAqdiff is proposed to be explained by the experimentally uncontrolled and, probably, incomplete oxidation of methanol at the cathode. Based on the obtained data, it can be concluded that without monitoring the degree of methanol oxidation at the DMFC cathode, the experimental values of the crossover qCVA can markedly differ from the calculated qdiff and the real values of the methanol crossover in the DMFC. A comparative study of performance of DMFCs based on synthesized composite membranes with significantly different transport properties and Nafion-115 membranes was carried out.It has been established that at 60°C and 1 M concentration of the feed solution, the methanol crossover value has practically no effect on the performance of the cells.
АДАПТАЦІЯ ВАЖКОПОРАНЕНИХ КОМБАТАНТІВ ДО МИРНОГО ЖИТТЯ
Authors: ПЕТРЕЧЕНКО Світлана
Published: September 2024

У статті розглядаються особливості соціально-психологічної адаптації військовослужбовців, які брали участь у бойових діях, та важкопоранених військовослужбовців, у період їх повернення до цивільного життя. Зазначається, що ця категорія населення потребує спеціального підходу через зміни в їхній психіці та складнощі, з якими вони стикаються. Вони можуть відчувати незрозуміння від суспільства, родини, мати проблеми у соціальному взаємодії та у вирішенні громадянських питань. Військовослужбовці, які повернулися, потребують комплексної психологічної допомоги та психотерапії. Для цього важливо створити спеціалізовані центри допомоги, які надаватимуть підтримку у їхній соціально-психологічній адаптації до мирного життя.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ПСИХОЛОГІЧНИХ УМОВ ТА ЧИННИКІВ, ЩО ЗДІЙСНЮЮТЬ ВПЛИВ НА РІВЕНЬ ГОТОВНОСТІ ОСОБИСТОСТІ ДО ШЛЮБУ
Authors: ВОВК Аліна
Published: September 2024

Стаття присвячена комплексному дослідженню психологічних умов і чинників, що впливають на розвиток шлюбного потенціалу особистості. У роботі проаналізовано теоретичні підходи та проведено емпіричне дослідження, спрямоване на визначення ключових психологічних чинників, які формують готовність до шлюбно-сімейних стосунків. Особливу увагу приділено впливу батьків на формування шлюбних уявлень молоді та виборів партнерів. Також розглянуто вплив сучасних медіа на формування психіки молоді та враховано вплив соціальних мереж, особливо блогерів, на формування уявлення молоді про шлюб. Таким чином, стаття представляє цілісний погляд на психологічні умови формування шлюбного потенціалу особистості. Результати дослідження можуть бути корисними для практикуючих психологів, сімейних консультантів, а також для розробки програм підготовки молоді до сімейного життя та формування здорових шлюбних стосунків.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПОЯВИ ТА ПОДОЛАННЯ КРИЗИ ЕМОЦІЙНОЇ БАЙДУЖОСТІ МІЖ ШЛЮБНИМИ ПАРТНЕРАМИ
Authors: КАРПОВА Дарія , ВЕРБСЬКА Анастасія
Published: September 2024

У статті здійснюється аналіз особливостей появи та подолання кризи емоційної байдужості між шлюбними партнерами. Уточнено поняття «емоційна байдужість між шлюбними партнерами». З’ясовано, що подружжя не знає ефективних моделей поведінки для подолання кризи емоційної байдужості, члени подружньої пари свідомо чи несвідомо схильні приписувати відповідальність за своє шлюбне життя своєму партнеру, не шукають причини сімейної дисгармонії в собі і не беруть відповідальність на себе. Виявлено, що для успішного подолання кризи емоційної байдужості подружжю важливо знати про цю проблему, розуміти ознаки, причини та наслідки емоційної байдужості, усвідомлювати та корегувати тип своєї поведінки при появі емоційної байдужості.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПСИХОЛОГІЧНОЇ РЕАБІЛІТАЦІЇ ВІЙСЬКОВОСЛУЖБОВЦІВ НА ЕТАПІ ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ
Authors: СУРГУНД Наталія , ВЕРБА Галина
Published: September 2024

У періоди війни психічне здоров’я страждає у всіх людей, проте у військовослужбовців, які перебували у зонах бойових дій, ця проблема є особливо актуальною. Майже кожен з них потребує допомоги, навіть якщо з боку здається, що все гаразд. Саме тому держава забезпечує їх можливістю безкоштовного отримання широкого спектру послуг для діагностики та лікування. Психологічна реабілітація військових складається з різноманітних заходів, спрямованих на покращення і відновлення психічних функцій організму. При успішному і своєчасному проведенні цієї реабілітації особа зможе швидше адаптуватися до мирного життя і уникнути багатьох проблем, які часто виникають у людей з бойовим досвідом.
Психологічна реабілітація військовослужбовців є критично важливою складовою процесу відновлення після участі в бойових діях. Цей процес має вирішальне значення для повернення військових до нормального функціонування в суспільстві або забезпечення їхньої здатності продовжувати виконання бойових завдань. У статті розглядаються основні аспекти психологічної реабілітації військових на етапі відновлення, зокрема специфічні методи та підходи, що застосовуються для підтримки психічного здоров’я.
Особлива увага приділяється потребам військовослужбовців, які виникають після повернення з зони конфлікту, і викликам, з якими вони стикаються, включаючи стрес, травматичний стресовий розлад (ПТСР), депресію та соціальну ізоляцію
Важливим аспектом статті є аналіз практичних рекомендацій для ефективної реабілітації військовослужбовців, що допомагають зменшити стресові навантаження та покращити загальне самопочуття. Розглянуто також необхідність комплексного підходу, який включає інтеграцію психологічної підтримки, соціальної адаптації та медичної допомоги. Стаття підкреслює важливість розробки та впровадження комплексних програм реабілітації, що сприяють успішному відновленню військових і їхньому поверненню до активного життя в суспільстві.
Extended education and well-being of children: A case study of Iceland
Authors: Pálsdóttir Kolbrún Þ.
Published: September 2024

This article explores the emergent trend of global educational policy which focuses on educational values such as well-being and holistic skills. It makes connections between the emergent trend of “education-as-flourishing” and current developments of extended education, using a specific case for illustration, i.e. school-age educare in Iceland. The author argues that there is an internal tension in the current educational global policy which emphasizes holistic skills and well-being in education but eventually produces a policy framework that overlooks the educational pathways of learners through extended education spaces. The case study shows that the manifold learning outcomes of extended education are largely overlooked in policy and practice. There are external and internal challenges at play that feed this tension, specifically a lack of agency of stakeholders and a supportive social structure. A new Act on Well-being of Children in Iceland encourages municipalities and professionals to align resources from diverse sectors, such as education, health, and social services. This study indicates a primary need for policy makers to work strategically with educators from all sectors to develop innovate educational practices within and outside of school to support the education and well-being of children and youth.
A New Record of Elymnias Caudata Butler, 1871 (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from Nagpur in Central India
Authors: Gajbe Pawan , Salame Bhavna H.
Published: September 2024

Urban areas harbour diverse butterfly species in isolated and fragmented habitats such as parks, remnants of natural and semi-natural habitats and other such green areas. Tailed Palmfly, Elymnias caudata Butler, 1871 is a Nymphalid butterfly species found in the southern region of India. There is no previous record of this species from Nagpur, a densely populated city located in Central India. Here we are reporting Elymnias caudata from Nagpur for the first time and it shows that the distribution range of this species is wider than previously known.
Meze suverenity – dekonstrukce moderní dichotomie národního společenství a mezinárodní anarchie
Authors: Pavel Barša
Published: September 2024

Jak napovídá již název stati, autor se v ní snaží otřást samozřejmostí dichotomie mezidemokratickým a mírumilovným „vnitřkem“ jednoho národního společenství a potenciálně násilnýma anarchickým „vnějškem“ vztahů mezi těmito společenstvími. Navzájem se vylučující definice toho,co je uvnitř, a toho, co je vně, nacházejí svůj výraz v protikladu teorie domácí a mezinárodní politiky.Stať začíná rozvedením kontrastu těchto dvou disciplin s ohledem na jejich protikladné ideologicképředpoklady v konzervativně-realistické a liberálně-idealistické tradici. Poté jsou nastíněny dvapokusy o kritickou analýzu moderní politické dichotomie, zpracované poststrukturalistickými autory– Robertem B. J. Walkerem a Richardem K. Ashleym.Náznaky dekonstrukce této dichotomie avant la lettre lze ovšem nalézt v klasickém i modernímpolitickém realismu, který proti liberálnímu idealismu zdůrazňuje prvky násilí a konfliktu i uvnitřpolitického společenství. Poststrukturalisté doplňují toto nasazení symetrickým zdůrazněním prvkůspolečenství na úrovni domněle anarchických mezinárodních vztahů. Vedle Walkera a Ashleyho knim patří také William E. Connolly, který se snaží tematizovat možnosti demokratické politiky, jež bypřekračovala územní hranice států a podemílala národní identity, a tím realizovala nomádský auniverzalistický potenciál procesů globalizace.Tyto „deteritorializující“ procesy ovšem nastolují také možnost reaktivního úpadku do novéhozakořeňováni a uzavírání, a tedy nebezpečí nového fundamentalismu a partikularismu. Strukturyustavované globalizací tak nejsou ve svých morálně-politických důsledcích o nic méně ambivalentnínež liberálně-demokratický národní stát ustavený v první fázi modernizace.
Mezinárodní politika životního prostředí
Authors: Petr Jehlička
Published: September 2024

Environmentální problémy byly zpočátku vnímány jako problémy lokálního znečištění, jež ohrožujílidské zdraví a k jejichž řešení stačí regulace na úrovni jednotlivých států. Postupně spolu spoznáním přeshraničního charakteru znečištění však docházelo ke změně vnímáni problémůživotního prostředí směrem k jejích internacionalizaci, jež vyžaduje přijetí opatření na mezinárodní aglobální úrovni. Se změnou charakteru a měřítka environmentálních problémů koresponduje iměnící se forma společenské odezvy na tyto problémy.Zatímco na začátku bylo za účinné řešení považováno příjímání izolovaných opatření typu „na koncivýpusti“, reagujících na již vzniklý problém, zhruba od 70. let 20. století se projevila nutnost aplikovatpreventivní přístup a integrovat environmentální otázky do odvětvových politik. V konceptu trvaleudržitelného rozvoje byla uznána nevyhnutelnost spojit právo chudých společností na sociální aekonomický rozvoj s úsilím o zachování fungujícího světového ekosystému, jež je pociťováno jakonaléhavý problém zejména ve vyspělých zemích. Tento rozpor mezi zájmy vyspělých a rozvojovýchzemí, pokud jde o přístup k ochraně životního prostředí, je konkrétním příkladem strukturálníhokonfliktu mezi systémem teritoriálních suverénních států a integrálním světovým ekosystémem.Jednou z možností, jak analyzovat tento strukturální problém, je model tragédie společnéhomajetku, jenž nabízí tři přístupy pro přijímání opatření na ochranu životního prostředí namezinárodní úrovni. Jeden z nich je základem teoretického rámce mezinárodních environmentálníchrežimů, který je v současné době dominantním analytickým rámcem pro řešení mezinárodníchproblémů životního prostředí. V poslední době však začíná být pod tlakem pokračující degradaceglobálních ekosystémů zpochybňována adekvátnost tohoto přístupu jako efektivního nástrojeřešení environmentálních problémů. Kritizována je zejména absence etických a normativníchaspektů, které jsou důležitou součástí radikálnějších proudů ekologického myšlení, jež poukazují napodstatu problému lépe než „manažerský“ přístup mezinárodních režimů. Ten se v podstatě omezuje na otázku mezinárodní spolupráce. Ta však sama o sobě není zárukou efektivního řešeníenvironmentálních problémů.
Východní rozšíření Evropské unie – důsledky pro blahobyt a zaměstnanost v Evropě
Authors: Wolfgang Quaisser  , Monika Hartmannová  , Elmar Hönekopp  , Michael Brandmeier
Published: September 2024

Stať seznamuje čtenáře se závěry a shrnutím studie s názvem Rozšíření Evropské unie na východ –dopady na blahobyt a zaměstnanost v Evropě, zpracované na základě zadání analytické jednotkyMezinárodní politika německé Nadace Friedricha Eberta. Jejím cílem je snahu vnést vědeckouracionalitu do diskuze o následcích východního rozšíření Evropské unie, která je uvnitř i vněEvropské unie poznamenána řadou iracionálních obav a nadějí.Východní rozšíření Evropské unie se od dosavadních kol rozšiřování liší tím, že rozdíl hospodářskéúrovně mezi Evropskou unií a kandidáty na vstup je podstatně větší. Zvláštní těžkost spočívá v tom,že od roku 1990 musely tyto země měnit své hospodářské systémy na tržní hospodářství, avšaksoučasně se v posledních letech značně zvětšila hloubka integrace Evropské unie. Proto příliš rychlépřijetí kandidátských zemí (chybějící institucionální reformy Evropské unie a nedostatečnápřipravenost zemí střední a východní Evropy na vstup) by nakonec mohlo mít škodlivý dopad naintegrační proces. Pokročilé transformující se země byly sice při budování fungujícího tržníhohospodářství poměrně úspěšné, avšak budování institucí, strukturální reformy a implementaceaquis communautaire si ještě vyžádají určitou dobu.Autoři ve své studií dospěli k následujícím závěrům: 1) Východní rozšíření bude pro současnéčlenské státy Evropské unie bez dramatických následků. 2) Přizpůsobení budoucích členů jepřevážně uskutečněno již dnes. 3) Zvýšení finanční zátěže pro současné členské státy Evropské unieo 0,1–0,2 % hrubého domácího produktu bude více než kompenzováno zisky z efektivnosti a růstu.4) Krátkodobě očekávaný migrační tlak může být brzděn přechodnými opatřeními.
Stále aktuální téma – globalizace
Authors: Jiří Stehlík
Published: September 2024

Oskar Lafontaine, Christa Müllerová: Žádný strach z globalizace. Blahobyt a práce pro všechny. 1.vydání. Praha: Ústav mezinárodních vztahů, 1999, 237 stran, ISBN 80-85864-69-X.
Roky ve velké politice
Authors: Ondřej Soukup
Published: September 2024

Евгений Примаков: Годы в Большом политики. 1-е издание. Совершенно секретно: Mocквa,1999, 445 stran, ISBN 5-89048-066-9.
Recenze a zprávy o knihách
Authors: Lipták Julius
Published: September 2024

Problematika mezinárodní socialistické dělby práce je po řadu let středem oprávněné pozornosti v členských zemích RVHP. Významné místo v rámci celého souboru těchto otázek přísluší zemědělství. Existující rozdíly mezi zeměmi v rozsahu půdního fondu, v klimatických a půdních podmínkách si přímo vynucují řešení rozvoje zemědělské výroby s přihlédnutím nejen k vnitřním faktorům každé země, ale i k možnosti vyplývající z těsné spolupráce zemí RVHP.
Knowledge and Preventive Behaviour Regarding Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli Infection Amongst Final-Year Medical Students in Universitas Sumatera Utara
Authors: Eklesia Maryori , Simatupang Maria Magdalena
Published: September 2024

Background: Escherichia coli, a gram-negative facultative anaerobe bacterium is one of the most important etiologies of acute diarrhea, still a serious public health problem and cause of morbidity and mortality in infants, children, the elderly, and people with immune deficiency. The source of contamination is through the consumption of contaminated food, improperly processed dairy and agricultural products, and contact with people who have poor hygiene. The purpose of the study is to determine the level of knowledge and preventive behavior regarding Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli infection.
Method: The type of research in this study is descriptive. The research was conducted by collecting data using a Level of knowledge and preventive behavior regarding the diarrheagenic Escherichia coli infection questionnaire which will be given to respondents.
Result: The results were obtained from 100 people. For the level of knowledge, there were 64 (64%) people who had good knowledge, 29 (29%) moderate people, and 7 (7%) low people. For the level of preventive behavior, 81 (81%) people of good behavior were found, 18 (18%) people were moderate and 1 (1%) were low.
Conclusion: The majority of final-year medical students of Universitas Sumatera Utara are in a good category both in knowledge and preventive behavior regarding Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli.