bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One Step Toward More Research on Aging Masculinities: Operationalizing the Hegemonic Masculinity for Older Men Scale (HMOMS)
Authors: Springer Kristen W. , Mouzon Dawne M.
Published: October 2018

Extensive research has documented how hegemonic conceptions of masculinity shape men’s behaviors, beliefs, and health. However, most research focuses on younger men and most datasets of aging adults do not include measures of masculinity. This two-pronged omission renders older men relatively invisible. Part of the reason for this invisibility is the lack of reliable, validated measures of masculinity applicable to aging men. In this project, we document, describe, and validate an eight-item hegemonic masculinity measure administered to more than 1,000 older men (~65 years old). Multivariate analyses predicting gender-typed hobbies consistently validate this Hegemonic Masculinity for Older Men Scale (HMOMS), pointing to the HMOMS as an exciting new option for further exploring the nuances and correlates of masculinity ideals among aging men.
Clear Cell Variant of a Follicular Thyroid Tumor With Uncertain Malignant Potential: A Case Report
Authors: Juhlin C. Christofer , Bränström Robert , Shabo Ivan , Höög Anders
Published: October 2018

Follicular neoplasms of the thyroid gland are most often characterized by follicular-patterned thyrocytes with a neutrally stained cytoplasm, while a minority of cases present with oncocytic differentiation (Hürthle cell tumors). Exceedingly rare variants with a clear cell phenotype have also been reported, both as clear cell follicular thyroid adenomas (ccFTAs) and clear cell follicular carcinomas (ccFTCs). We present a patient with a 30-mm lesion in the thyroid isthmus in which the preoperative cytology proposed a follicular tumor. On postoperative histopathological evaluation, the tumor surprisingly displayed uniform clear-cell differentiation. No nuclear features suggestive of papillary thyroid carcinoma were observed, and differential diagnoses such as medullary thyroid carcinoma, metastatic renal cell, and parathyroid carcinoma were ruled out. The histological investigation revealed intracapsular collections of tumor cells displaying a debatable relation to the surrounding capsule and blood vessels, and the final diagnosis was a follicular tumor of uncertain malignant potential (FT-UMP) as defined by the WHO 2017 classification. As subsets of FT-UMPs with TERT promoter mutations do recur as advanced malignant tumors, a sequencing analysis was undertaken but could not identify TERT promoter mutations at position C228 or C250. To our knowledge, no previous literature has described a clear cell phenotype in an FT-UMP. We therefore advocate that endocrine pathologists should be aware of this entity in addition to ccFTAs and ccFTCs.
Wildflowers
Authors: Ulmer Jasmine Brooke
Published: October 2018

Although this is a simple message, the time for community and kindness is now. Competing with other inquirers can yield individual rewards, but such moves risk sacrificing our collective futures for both immediate and rapidly diminishing gains. A commitment to inclusive and welcoming qualitative communities, however, opens different paths. As such, this conceptual article suggests that collaboration and cooperation are not simply collegial matters: they are necessary in these troubled times. Differences over whose approaches are “right,” “best,” or “most appropriate” can be not only unproductive but also counterproductive in sustaining futures that include us all. When threats to democratic inquiry seek to divide us, there is no need to divide ourselves and forgo the joyful work that can be found in qualitative inquiry.
Primary gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: The role of dose-dense chemotherapy
Authors: Avilés Agustin , Nambo Maria-Jesus , Neri Natividad
Published: October 2018

Objective

To assess if the use of a dose-dense regimen of chemotherapy can improve the prognosis in patients with primary gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in early stages (I–II) but associated with worse prognostic factors.

Methods

One hundred and eight consecutive patients with primary gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in early stages (I–II) with high serum levels of lactic dehydrogenase and beta 2 microglobulin (more than >2 of normal levels), which were associated with a worse prognostic outcome, were treated with a dose-dense chemotherapy: CHOP with increased doses of cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin, was administered every 14 days (instead of 21 days). The end points of this study were to improve outcome measured from progression-free survival and overall survival and to evaluate acute toxicities.

Results

Complete response was achieved in 85 patients (78%). Actuarial curves at five years show that progression-free survival was 82% and overall survival was 85%. Hematological toxicities were severe, but no death-related treatment was observed.

Conclusions

We considered that in this setting of patients, the use of a dose-dense regimen could be of benefit because it improves outcome and toxicities were well controlled.
A reduced mixed finite-element formulation for modeling the viscoelastic response of electro-active polymers at finite deformation
Authors: Bishara Dana , Jabareen Mahmood
Published: October 2018

In this work, a parameter identification procedure has been held for characterizing the widely used dielectric elastomer VHB. The calibration procedure has been performed using various experimental data found in previous works including uniaxial and multiaxial tests. Unlike the uniaxial tests, the multiaxial tests yield inhomogeneous deformation fields and, therefore, the finite-element method is adopted to obtain numerical solutions for the multiaxial tests. Here, a numerical scheme has been developed using the reduced mixed finite-element formulation, which eliminates the possible volumetric locking in electro-active polymers and enhances the computational efficiency as the static condensation is circumvented. The objective function, which calculates the discrepancy between the results obtained from the computational model and the measured experimental data, has been formulated taking into account the different types of experiments. The material parameters have been extracted when the objective function reached a minimum value, which is obtained by applying an iterative procedure using the fminsearch in Matlab. Within the extracted parameters and the developed finite-element formulation, number of simulations showing the efficiency of the computational model have been performed.
Virtual Classroom Assessment for Children and Adolescents With Attention Deficits: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Measurement Properties
Authors: Gilboa Yafit , Fogel-Grinvald Haya , Chevignard Mathilde
Published: October 2018

Objective: The virtual classroom (VC) is a head-mounted display immersive system for the assessment of attention. A meta-analysis was performed to examine the use of the VC to assess attention in children and adolescents. Method: We conducted a systematic literature search to select articles up to December 2017. Results: Thirteen studies using the VC to assess attention were included. Studies reporting comparisons between patients with various clinical conditions and healthy controls were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis results revealed significant differences between groups for the percentage of identified targets (nine studies; total combined N = 431), for commission errors, and reaction time (eight studies; total combined N = 399) in favor of the nonclinical group. Conclusion: Preliminary evidence establishes the validity of the VC and suggests that this task has the potential to serve as a useful and enjoyable ecological assessment tool for the diagnosis of attention deficits in children and adolescents. (J. of Att. Dis. XXXX; XX(X) XX-XX)
The Underestimated Role of Refractive Error (Hyperopia, Myopia, and Astigmatism) and Strabismus in Children With ADHD
Authors: Reimelt Charlotte , Wolff Nicole , Hölling Heike , Mogwitz Sabine , Ehrlich Stefan , Roessner Veit
Published: October 2018

Objective: To examine the association of refractive error (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism) and strabismus with ADHD. Method: Based on data from the large, representative, epidemiological sample of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) study ( N = 13,488), the associations of myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and strabismus with ADHD were examined, with and without consideration of other common ADHD risk factors. Results: In single logistic regression models, all examined forms of refractive error and strabismus showed an association with ADHD. After controlling for confounding variables, results remained stable and showed an increased risk for ADHD in children with hyperopia, astigmatism, and strabismus compared with the control group. Only the association between myopia and ADHD in children was not significant. Conclusion: Hyperopia, astigmatism, and strabismus seem to be independently associated with ADHD. Health care professionals in different medical fields should consider this association to adequately diagnose and treat affected children.
Integration of Biomarkers Into a Signature Profile of Persistent Traumatic Brain Injury Involving Autoimmune Processes Following Water Hammer Injury From Repetitive Head Impacts
Authors: Kornguth Steven , Rutledge Neal
Published: October 2018

Objectives:

To assemble an algorithm that will describe a “Signature” predictive of an individual’s vulnerability to persistent traumatic brain injury (TBI)

Subjects and Methods:

Studies of athletes and warriors who are subjected to repeated head impacts with rapid acceleration/deceleration forces are used to assist in the diagnosis and management of TBI-affected individuals. Data from multiple areas, including clinical, anatomical, magnetic resonance imaging, cognitive function, and biochemical analyses, are integrated to provide a Signature of persistent TBI.

Results:

Studies to date indicate that susceptibility to TBI results from an interaction between host genetic and structural vulnerability factors and force and torque of impact on the head and torso. The host factors include molecular markers affecting immune and inflammatory responses to stress/insult as well as anatomical features such as the degree of transcortical fiber projections and vascular malformations. The host response to forceful impact includes the release of intracellular neural proteins and nucleic acids into the cerebrospinal fluid and vascular compartment as well as mobilization of cytokines and macrophages into the central nervous system with subsequent activation of microglia and inflammatory responses including autoimmune processes. Maximum impact to the base of the sulci via a “water hammer effect” is consistent with the localization of microvascular and inflammatory responses in the affected brain region.

Conclusions:

An assessment of an individuals’ predisposition to persistent TBI with delayed cognitive deficits and behavioral changes requires an understanding of host vulnerability (genetic factors and brain structure) and external stressors (force and torque of impact as well as repetitive head injury and time interval between impacts). An algorithm that has utility in predicting vulnerability to TBI will include qualitative and quantitative measures of the host factors weighted against post impact markers of neural injury. Implementation of the resulting “Signature” of vulnerability at early stages of injury will help inform athletes and warriors, along with commanders and management, of the risk/benefit approaches that will markedly diminish health care costs to the nation and suffering to this population. This report attempts to define a strategy to create such an algorithm.
Party organization and gender in European elections
Authors: Aldrich Andrea S
Published: October 2018

Political parties often monopolize the flow of politicians into elected office making it important to understand when, and under what conditions, parties are more or less likely to promote gender equality in representation. This article argues that party choices to nominate women in elections are conditional on the centralization of candidate selection within the party. Gender quotas and characteristics of the electoral environment have differential effects on candidate lists across party types. Leveraging data at the party level, I test when it is electorally feasible and organizationally possible for parties to nominate women for office. I find that candidate selection procedures condition the effects of party strategy and characteristics of the electoral environment on the percentage of women on electoral lists. The results provide insight into how strategic party choices, attenuated by electoral considerations and organization, impact the diversity of representation in political institutions.
Improving health access for gender diverse children, youth, and emerging adults?
Authors: Tellier Pierre-Paul
Published: October 2018

Gender diverse people are individuals who define their gender as different from the sex they were assigned as birth. This incongruence leads to a sense of discomfort within oneself, which according to the DSM-V is called gender dysphoria. The combination of dysphoria, ongoing stress, as outlined in the Minority Stress Theory (Meyer, 2003, Dohrenwend, 2000) and the stigma related to living in a society which traditionally defines gender as binary and rejects the notion of gender as fluid, is associated with psycho-social, mental, and physical health problems. Gender diverse children and young people require support from health practitioner to assist them not only in transitioning, if this is what they choose, but also to manage ongoing and preventive health care in a system which is not always welcoming and frequently hostile to them. In 2012 the United Nations General Assembly called for universal health coverage as a goal in the post-2015 Millennium Development Goal Framework. One step in attaining this goal is universal health access which is not currently being met for gender diverse individuals. Hence, we need to work together, with those that we serve, to develop appropriate, sensitive and accessible health care for all.
Time-course of attentional bias for culture-related cues in Mongolian-Chinese bilingual children
Authors: Yu Hongyu , Yao Nisha , Zhang Jijia , Gao Bing
Published: October 2018

Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions:

Using a modified dot-probe task, the present research examined the time-course of attentional bias for culture-related cues in Mongolian-Chinese bilinguals.

Design/methodology/approach:

Using a mixed experimental design, children with different language fluency (fluent bilingual, limited bilingual and mandarin monolingual) were recruited ( N = 168; 51% boys; Mage = 9.88 years, SD = 0.38 years; 59% Mongolian) to complete a dot-probe task in which they were shown pairs of pictures representing Mongolian and Han culture for short (60 ms) and long (500 ms) exposure durations. The difference between fluent and limited bilinguals lies in their proficiency in Mongolian.

Data and analysis:

The attentional bias scores ( d) were entered into a 2 × 3 mixed design repeated-measures analysis of variance with language fluency (fluent bilingual versus limited bilingual versus monolingual) as a between-subjects variable and the time-course (60 versus 500 ms) as a within-subject variable.

Findings/conclusions:

In the task, compared with pictures representing Han culture, all students showed preferential attention to pictures conveying Mongolian culture across presentation durations. However, for 60 ms, fluent bilinguals showed a smaller attentional bias than did monolinguals, with no difference between limited bilinguals and monolinguals; there was no significant difference among the three groups at 500 ms.

Originality:

Relatively less research has been performed on comparative analysis between fluent and non-fluent bilinguals, and most of the culture-related content is measured by subjective methods. This study attempts to directly compare these two bilinguals’ attentional bias for culture-related cues using a dot-probe task.

Significance/implications:

The results of comparative analysis showed that fluent bilinguals were more familiar with Mongolian language and preserved their ethnic culture better, which may indicate a close relationship between language and culture.
The decline and rise of class voting? From occupation to culture in Australia
Authors: McAllister Ian , Makkai Toni
Published: October 2018

Conventional wisdom has long held that class is declining as an influence on voting. More recently, new conceptions of class, focusing on the ownership of economic assets and the possession of social and cultural capital, have challenged this view. This article evaluates these arguments in two ways. First, we examine trends in the impact of traditional measures of class on the vote in Australia from the 1960s to the present day. Second, using a 2015 national survey that measures different aspects of class voting, we assess for the first time the relative effects on the vote of occupation, assets, and social and cultural capital. The results show that while occupation has declined and is now unimportant, the ownership of both assets and cultural capital are major influences on the vote. We argue that the impact of class on the vote has not declined, but rather transformed itself in new and different ways, which has important long-term implications for party support.
Development of alumina reinforced aluminum metal matrix composite with enhanced compressive strength through squeeze casting process
Authors: Muraliraja R , Arunachalam R , Al-Fori Ibrahim , Al-Maharbi Majid , Piya Sujan
Published: October 2018

Aluminum metal matrix composites, which exhibit significantly high compressive strength, were produced through the squeeze casting process using aluminum 7075 alloy as the matrix material and 2.5 wt% alumina as reinforcement. The process parameters of squeeze casting were prudently selected based on the literature in order to obtain better mechanical properties such as compressive strength and hardness. Samples were examined using an optical microscope, energy dispersive spectroscopy, a scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The optical micrograph showed low porosity in the produced composite, which matched the porosity measured using the Archimedes principle. The scanning electron microscope showed uniform distribution of reinforcement in the grain boundaries of the matrix. An X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the presence of Al2O3 particles in the composite. The hardness of the composite improved from 44 to 59 HRB. The compressive strength of the composite improved significantly with the addition of alumina reinforcement to 587 MPa when compared to Al 7075 alloy as well as other aluminum metal matrix composites reported in the literature.
Communication Empowerment Framework: An integrative framework to support effective communication and interaction between carers and people living with dementia
Authors: Morris Lydia , Mansell Warren , Williamson Tracey , Wray Alison , McEvoy Phil
Published: October 2018

Objectives

To demonstrate the power of integrating three theoretical perspectives (Mentalization Theory, Perceptual Control Theory and the Communicative Impact model), which jointly illuminate the communication challenges and opportunities faced by family carers of people with dementia. To point the way to how this framework informs the design and delivery of carer communication and interaction training.

Method

Conceptual synthesis based on a narrative review of relevant literature, supported by examples of family carers.

Results

We use the conceptual models to show how the capacity to mentalize (“holding mind in mind”) offers a greater sense of control over internal and external conflicts, with the result that they can be deescalated in pursuit of mutual goals.

Conclusions

The integrative conceptual framework presented here highlights specific psychological and relational mechanisms that can be targeted through carer training to enhance communication with a person living with dementia.
Experimenting with creative geographic methods in The Critical Futures Visual Archive
Authors: Kinkaid Eden
Published: October 2018

Responding to calls within geography to engage creative methodologies and practices, this article highlights works from a critical-creative geography exhibit, The Critical Futures Visual Archive, which formed part of a critical geographies conference in Fall 2017. The exhibit included creative works by 18 academics, artists, and activists. Contributors engaged multiple media and geographic themes to reflect on the place of creative and visual methods in geographic scholarship and to consider how creative methods might intervene in dominant modes of geographic representation. This brief reflection presents selected works from the collection – predominately those of geography graduate students – to demonstrate the various potentials of a ‘creative (re)turn’ in geographic thought and scholarship.
Fuel saving in a marine propulsion plant by using a continuously variable transmission
Authors: Martelli Michele , Faggioni Nicolò , Berselli Giovanni
Published: October 2018

Nowadays, more than in the past, marine industries are paying increasing attention to the environmental impact of ships and vessels. Several solutions have been studied and adopted with the final aim of reducing the exhaust gas emissions, mainly acting on the fuel consumption reduction. Within this scenario, the aim of this article is to investigate the energy performance and the fuel saving potential when employing a magnetic continuously variable transmission in a marine propulsion system. Such magnetic continuously variable transmission, considered among other possible continuously variable transmission designs since its torque capabilities are perfectly suitable for the application at hand, is employed in order to optimize the overall propulsion efficiency through an appropriate optimal variation of the reduction ratio as a function of the propeller loads. A secondary benefit, although not less important, is that the magnetic continuously variable transmission is an oil-free transmission that consequently offers a lower environmental impact as compared to traditional lubricated gearboxes. Owing to these considerations, in the article, the magnetic continuously variable transmission size is first selected on the basis of a simplified static model of the vessel. Subsequently, a dynamic mathematical model representing the overall drivetrain dynamic of the propulsion plant is developed, with the purpose of simulating the transmission behaviour during fast ship manoeuvres. Then, in order to test the effectiveness of the proposed design, a trawler is selected as a case study. This particular ship type has been chosen as it provides a variegated operative profile in terms of speed and required thrust, thus being a representative case of those ships in which a continuously variable transmission installation could effectively provide practical benefits. A quantitative analysis of the plant efficiency is finally provided and critically discussed.
The effects of a parent–child environmental print program on emergent literacy
Authors: Neumann Michelle M
Published: October 2018

Young children are surrounded by ubiquitous environmental print (e.g. signs, product labels) on a daily basis in their homes and communities. Parent–child interactions with environmental print has the potential to foster emergent literacy. A randomised controlled pre–posttest study was conducted to examine the effects of a parent–child environmental print programme on emergent literacy skills (letter knowledge, letter and name writing, print concepts, environmental print reading, numeral name knowledge). Parent–child dyads ( N = 32, M child age = 3.63 years) participated in an 8-week (30 minutes per week) programme that used multisensory strategies to identify, trace and write letters and words embedded in environmental print. At post-test, the environmental print group showed improvements across all measures, making significant gains in letter knowledge and environmental print reading. These findings highlight potential benefits of coaching parents to use environmental print to support aspects of young children’s growth of emergent literacy skills.
Using social knowledge while interacting at the classroom sand center: Facework and cohesion strategies
Authors: Stagg Peterson Shelley , Altidor-Brooks Alison
Published: October 2018

The goal of this study is to inform teachers’ practice by identifying specific language strategies that young children use in their play and suggesting ways that teachers can build on our findings to support students’ language and literacy. Deductive analyses of video-recordings of 5-year old children playing at the sand center revealed that children used cohesive strategies, such as repetitions and conjunctions, to tie together the ideas from one speaker to the next, in order to maintain the flow of the play. Children also used facework strategies, such as complimenting peers, softening regulatory language with words such as “just,” and showing interest in others’ activities. These strategies helped children to build relationships with peers and enhance their positive self-esteem as members of the play group. Children used language primarily for imaginative purposes, in addition to communicating information, regulating others’ behavior, and expressing their individuality and emotional responses to activities at the sand center. Primary teachers may find these results useful for guiding assessment of children’s knowledge of and flexibility in using linguistic and semiotic resources to achieve social purposes and to create cohesive narratives in informal interactions.
Estimating the relative contribution of streetlights, vehicles, and residential lighting to the urban night sky brightness
Authors: Bará S , Rodríguez-Arós Á , Pérez M , Tosar B , Lima RC , Sánchez de Miguel A , Zamorano J
Published: October 2018

Under stable atmospheric conditions the brightness of the urban sky varies throughout the night following the time course of the anthropogenic emissions of light. Different types of artificial light sources (e.g. streetlights, residential, and vehicle lights) have specific time signatures, and this feature makes it possible to estimate the amount of brightness contributed by each of them. Our approach is based on transforming the time representation of the zenithal night sky brightness into a modal expansion in terms of the time signatures of the different sources of light. The modal coefficients, and hence the absolute and relative contributions of each type of source, can be estimated by means of a linear least squares fit. A practical method for determining the time signatures of different contributing sources is also described, based on wide-field time-lapse photometry of the urban nightscape. Our preliminary results suggest that, besides the dominant streetlight contribution, artificial light leaking out of the windows of residential buildings may account for a significant share of the time-varying part of the zenithal night sky brightness at the measurement locations, whilst the contribution of the vehicle lights seems to be significantly smaller.
Messaging Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health Inequities: A Qualitative Exploration
Authors: Mendez Israel M. , Averett Paige E. , Lee Joseph G. L.
Published: October 2018

Background. There are substantial health inequities for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people compared to their straight/cisgendered counterparts. As evidence of these inequities has become unequivocal, better strategies to address them are needed. One approach is to leverage communications and media advocacy efforts to raise awareness about inequities. However, some research suggests that highlighting health inequities can have negative consequences. This study aimed to explore how LGBT leaders view communication about health inequities. Method. We used an inductive qualitative approach and conducted 12 semistructured phone interviews with LGBT community leaders in North Carolina between September and October 2017. Results. Four themes emerged in the data. There was support for reporting health differences between LGBT and straight/cisgendered people to raise awareness of health issues facing LGBT communities. However, participants were concerned about the stigmatizing effects of messages and worried about their effectiveness. Conclusion. Emphasizing health differences between LGBT and straight people can be problematic; our findings suggest that health educators (1) must be cautious, (2) must be aware of the audience, and (3) should consider focusing messages on finding a solution to the identified problem. Future work should explore how to best craft messages that address health inequities for LGBT communities.
Therapeutic responses to a frontal/executive programme in autism spectrum disorder: Comparison with schizophrenia
Authors: Miyajima Maki , Omiya Hidetoshi , Yamashita Kiyoko , Yambe Kenji , Matsui Mie , Denda Kenzo
Published: October 2018

Introduction

Studies on autism spectrum disorder in recent years have controversially indicated similarities with schizophrenia. Cognitive dysfunction is present in both disorders, and while there is a rich array of interventions for cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia, there are few such treatments for autism spectrum disorder. In this study, we have investigated a potentially useful approach in autism spectrum disorder by comparing autism spectrum disorder with schizophrenia in regard to the characteristics of cognitive dysfunction and therapeutic response to cognitive remediation therapy.

Method

We studied seven patients with autism spectrum disorder and eight patients with schizophrenia, using a frontal/executive programme as the intervention. The characteristics of cognitive dysfunction in autism spectrum disorder before frontal/executive programme and the therapeutic response to frontal/executive programme in autism spectrum disorder patients were compared with those in schizophrenia patients, based on evaluation of cognitive function and social function. The changes in cognitive and social function after treatment in each patient group were compared using the Mann–Whitney’s U test.

Results

The severity of cognitive dysfunction did not differ significantly between autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. Frontal/executive programme was effective in autism spectrum disorder, with subjects showing about the same therapeutic response as in schizophrenia.

Conclusion

Frontal/executive programme appears to be useful for patients with autism spectrum disorder. Furthermore, the similarities in cognitive dysfunction and therapeutic response between autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia are highly relevant to the recent debate concerning the similarity between these two disease concepts.
Flow-diverter stents in the endovascular treatment of remnants in previously clipped ruptured aneurysms: a feasibility study
Authors: Romagna Alexander , Ladisich Barbara , Schwartz Christoph , Winkler Peter A , Rahman Al-Schameri Abdul
Published: October 2018

Background

The rate of intracranial aneurysm remnants/recurrences after microsurgical clipping varies widely. The optimal management for these patients remains a matter of debate. Repeat surgery in particular bears a high risk of periprocedural complications due to anatomical distortion from prior procedures. This study aims to evaluate the risk–benefit profile of flow-diverter stents in these patients.

Methods

The patient database of our neurovascular centre was queried to identify patients with clipped aneurysms who subsequently underwent endovascular treatment with intraluminal flow-diverter stents. The outcome analysis consisted of an assessment of clinical parameters (modified Rankin scale) and the post-interventional angiographic occlusion status (according to the Raymond–Roy occlusion classification).

Results

Six patients underwent endovascular treatment with flow-diverter stents of recurrent aneurysms after clipping. Treatment was necessary in two patients due to progressive neurological deficits, and due to angiographic proof of an increasing aneurysm size in the other four patients. Median aneurysm size was 0.45 cm. All patients had a prior history of subarachnoid haemorrhage. The time from primary clipping to recurrence was 10.6 years. Complete radiological aneurysm occlusion was feasible in five out of six cases. Two patients who had experienced pre-interventional neurological deficits showed a complete remission of symptoms on last follow-up. No periprocedural morbidity or mortality was recorded and no patient required retreatment within the median follow-up.

Conclusion

This case series suggests that endovascular treatment with flow-diverter stents of aneurysm remnants after previous microsurgical clipping is a feasible treatment concept with a low-risk profile, which might prevent the treatment burden and risks of repeat surgery.
Study on the influence factors of impact ejection performance for flexible airbag
Authors: Li Yuru , Xiao Shoune , Yang Bing , Zhu Tao , Yang Guangwu , Xiao Shide
Published: October 2018

In order to improve the impact ejection performance of the flexible airbag and to reveal the airbag inflating mechanism, a simulation model was built and verified by carrying out the flexible airbag impact ejection test. Based on this model, the influence of mass flow, compression displacement, and airbag thickness on flexible airbag ejection impact performance were studied. The results show that the ejection velocity of the flexible airbag increases as mass flow increases, but the excessive air mass flow does not improve the impact ejection performance of the airbag. The simulation results also demonstrate that the flexible airbag will oscillate reciprocally after it has no more contact with the moving rigid body and every node in the flexible airbag model has the same oscillating displacement. The analysis of compression displacement shows that it has a significant effect on the improvement of ejection performance. In conclusion, to improve the impact ejection performance of flexible airbag, the mass flow and compression displacement should be changed in a certain scope, which can provide reference for the topological structure design of the flexible airbag.
The power of positioning: How leadership work unfolds in team interactions
Authors: Meschitti Viviana
Published: October 2018

Drawing on literature conceptualising leadership as a discursive accomplishment, this paper defines leadership as leadership work: a process unfolding through talk and depending on a unique dynamic among the resources that participants bring to an interaction and the ability of the participants to creatively mobilise these resources to perform the task at hand. Leadership work can be understood through the analysis of how individuals position themselves and others in an interaction. Data from an ethnographic study of an academic research team support our arguments. The paper contributes to the literature on leadership as a process by demonstrating that positioning is not only necessary for leadership to unfold but it also allows a more nuanced analysis of leadership work, by opening researchers’ eyes to the variety of resources involved in this process.
The role of school curriculum in sustainable peace-building: The case of Sri Lanka
Authors: Cunningham Jeremy , Ladd Suren
Published: October 2018

The civil war between the Sri Lankan government and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) ended in 2009, with total defeat of the LTTE and many thousands of civilian casualties. The country is now engaged in peace-building. Key elements of the secondary school curriculum – truth-seeking, social cohesion and active citizenship – may contribute to this. Six state secondary schools serving different ethnic and religious groups were selected for qualitative research into how far this is the case. Data was collected on the application of knowledge, skills and values in lessons, extra-curricular programmes and whole school culture. The analysis suggests that truth-seeking is weak, with no teaching about the historical roots of the conflict or contemporary issues. There are efforts to build leadership skills and impart democratic values, but the critical thinking and discussion skills necessary for social cohesion and active citizenship are largely absent. The findings are discussed in relation to evidence from Uganda, Cambodia and Northern Ireland.
Best practice in the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia in the patients requiring anticoagulation
Authors: Heiman Joshua , Large Tim , Krambeck Amy
Published: October 2018

In today’s aging population, urologists are often treating older patients with multiple comorbidities. Lower urinary tract symptoms from benign prostate hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH) is a common condition that affects men, with increasing prevalence as men age. In a subset of patients, the symptoms are too severe or refractory to medical therapy and, therefore, surgical therapy is required to improve their LUTS. The use of medical therapy often delays the need to intervene surgically in men with LUTS/BPH and with advances in the management of cardiovascular disease, urologists are increasingly encountering more men requiring BPH surgery on chronic anticoagulation therapy. The decision of when to offer surgical intervention and how to manage anticoagulation medication in the perioperative setting is a dilemma with which surgeons are dealing with increasing frequency. The purpose of this review is to clarify the optimal approach to the surgical patient with LUTS/ BPH requiring anticoagulation therapy.
Observations on Southern White Rhinoceros Ceratotherium simum simum Translocated to Uganda
Authors: Sheil Douglas , Kirkby Andrew E.
Published: October 2018

Translocation is increasingly common in conservation but remains controversial due, in part, to limited information. Here, in a brief study, we consider the translocation of the southern white rhinoceros Ceratotherium simum simum to a fenced 64-km2 reserve in Uganda (a replacement for the locally extinct native northern subspecies, Ceratotherium simum cottoni). We examined the condition, behavior, and habitat use of two female-calf groups. Rhinos were least active during the early afternoon. Both groups spent more time feeding in Microchloa kunthii grasslands than expected given the small extent of such areas but spent most time in the more abundant woodlands and Hyparrhenia grasslands. The small ranges of the two groups, 11.8 and 9.0 km2 (100 h of observations over a 1-month period in 2011), and their apparent good health suggest satisfactory feeding conditions. Reassuringly, we identify no concerns but also note that our judgments are constrained by limited information and guidance. There is scope for novel observations, for example, our observations suggest that mothers lead calves more frequently in habitats with reduced visibility versus more open habitats. Every translocation is an experiment, but lessons will be lost without greater emphasis on transparency and assessments.
Rethinking neck circumference in STOP-BANG for Asian OSA
Authors: Loh John Ming-Ren , Toh Song-Tar
Published: October 2018

Introduction:

The STOP-BANG questionnaire is a simple screening tool for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) which has been validated for use in Asian populations. The original cut-off values for neck circumference were defined based on Caucasian populations. This study aims to validate the neck circumference component of the STOP-BANG score in Asians.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis of all patients suspected of having OSA who underwent a diagnostic polysomnography at a tertiary sleep centre in Singapore over the course of 1 year was conducted. Neck circumference was measured and correlated to the presence of OSA. A receiver operating curve was performed to obtain the optimal cut-off value for screening OSA in Asian patients.

Results:

591 Asian subjects with OSA were analysed. The optimal neck circumference predictive for OSA was found to be 39 cm in males and 35 cm in females, with a sensitivity of 83.4% and 84.6% respectively. The existing STOP-BANG cut-off of 40 cm had 71% and 32% sensitivity in Asian males and females, respectively.

Conclusion:

The STOP-BANG cut-off value for neck circumference for screening for sleep apnoea in Asian males can be maintained at 40 cm, but the neck circumference value used for screening Asian females should be lowered to 35 cm.
A psychological approach to third-party side-taking in interpersonal conflicts
Authors: Yang Huadong , van de Vliert Evert , Jehn Karen
Published: October 2018

Third parties often react to an interpersonal conflict by taking sides. However, under the assumption that third parties are to help disputants resolve their problems, the topic of side-taking has been overlooked in the literature of conflict management. In this theoretical paper, we propose self-interest, moral, and relationship motives to explain the psychological mechanism of side-taking. We then discuss how disputant-related factors (in terms of the effects of status differences between third parties and disputants), dispute-related factors (in terms of conflict types), and contextual factors (in terms of individualism/collectivism) have an influence on the three types of side-taking motives to gain a deeper and broader understanding of side-taking. By focusing on side-taking and analyzing its motives, our theoretical framework connects and extends the literatures on third-party intervention and coalition formation. It also bridges the gap between individuals, dyads, groups, and organizations at different levels of conflict processes.
Do Explicit Estimates of Angular Declination Become Ungrounded in the Presence of a Ground Plane?
Authors: Keezing Umi , Durgin Frank H.
Published: October 2018

In a series of seven experiments (total N = 220), it is shown that explicit angular declination judgments are influenced by the presence of a ground plane in the background. This is of theoretical importance because it bears on the interpretation of the relationship between angular declination and perceived distance on a ground plane. Explicit estimates of ground distance are consistent with a simple 1.5 gain in the underlying perceived angular declination function. The experiments show that, in general, functions of estimates of perceived angular declination have a slope of 1.5, but that an additional intercept can often be observed as a result of incorporating changes in ground distance into reports of changes in angular declination. By varying the background context, a variety of functions were observed that are consistent with this contamination hypothesis.
Are Non-U.S. Citizens Color-Blind? The Racialization of Violent Crimes
Authors: Barberi Daniela , Ahlin Eileen M. , Hummer Donald C. , Gabbidon Shaun L.
Published: October 2018

The present study aims to investigate whether U.S. citizenship status influences the racialization of offenders engaged in homicide, sexual violence, and terrorism. The role of social media exposure and interracial contact are explored as additional proximal factors that may explain racialization across citizenship status. The cross-sectional online survey consisted of 729 participants enrolled at a culturally diverse northeastern university. Results suggest that non-U.S. citizens have a more color-blind perspective and are less likely to racialize crime when associating a particular race/ethnicity with violent crimes. Surprisingly, social media exposure and interracial contact were not significant contributors to racialization. Suggestions for future research and policy implications are discussed.
Perceptions of High School Students on Academic Training for Science and Technology in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area
Authors: Reyes-Ruiz Gerardo , Barragán-Ocaña Alejandro , Olmos-Peña Samuel , González-Ávila María Eugenia
Published: October 2018

Mexican high school students have a strong inclination to deem scientific and technological college-level education as overly challenging. The purpose of this study was to present firsthand information to learn the following: (a) current problems associated with scientific and technological human capital training in the Mexico City metropolitan area and (b) perceptions of high school students from this geographical area with regard to the challenges of pursuing a degree in science or technology. The study is relevant because it shows the low impact of scientific and technological human capital training in the geographical area, which has both the largest number of public institutions and the largest allocation of economic resources in Mexico. Among the most important results of the study were the predominant low interest in scientific or technological careers and the fact that such indifference is primarily due to the scientific and technological environment in Mexico, which lacks prestige; therefore, students do not foresee an attractive future after achieving a bachelor’s degree related to science or technology.
Fatigue in Long-Haul Truck Drivers: A Concept Analysis
Authors: Wise Jenni M. , Heaton Karen , Patrician Patricia
Published: October 2018

The majority of long-haul truck drivers are affected by fatigue. Notably, fatigue impacts not only quality of life, but the risk for human error, thus impacting the safety of our nation’s roads. In 2015, 400,000 trucking accidents occurred with the top driver impairment identified as being “asleep or fatigued.” Yet, the current scientific literature reflects different understandings of the concept of fatigue, hindering synchronized measurement and efforts toward its alleviation. The purpose of this work was to analyze the concept of fatigue in long-haul truck drivers using the Rodgers’ evolutionary method. The physical, cognitive, and emotional dimensions of fatigue are presented.
The Effects of a Modified Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program for Nurses: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lin Lin , He Guoping , Yan Jin , Gu Can , Xie Jianfei
Published: October 2018

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of a modified mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program on the levels of stress, affect, and resilience among nurses in general hospitals in mainland China. In addition, the study attempted to determine the impact of the program on job satisfaction. A total of 110 nurses were randomly assigned to the intervention versus control groups. The intervention group participated in a modified 8-week MBSR program. All participants were evaluated with questionnaires at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and 3 months later. The intervention group showed decreases in stress and negative affect and increases in positive affect and resilience after the intervention. No improvement in job satisfaction was observed, but the trends of the data were in the hypothesized direction that job satisfaction would improve. The modified MBSR program is an effective approach for nurses to decrease stress and negative affect and improve positive affect and resilience. In addition, the program has the potential to improve job satisfaction.