bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regression Models for Interval Censored Data Using Parametric Pseudo-Observations
Authors: Johansen Martin Nygård , Lundbye-Christensen Søren , Larsen Jacob Moesgaard , Parner Erik Thorlund
Published: September 2020

Background: Time-to-event data that is subject to interval censoring is common in the practice of medical research and versatile statistical methods for estimating associations in such settings have been limited. For right censored data, non-parametric pseudo-observations have been proposed as a basis for regression modeling with the possibility to use different association measures. In this article, we propose a method for calculating pseudo-observations for interval censored data. Methods: We develop an extension of a recently developed set of parametric pseudo-observations based on a spline-based flexible parametric estimator. The inherent competing risk issue with an interval censored event of interest necessitates the use of an illness-death model, and we formulate our method within this framework. To evaluate the empirical properties of the proposed method, we perform a simulation study and calculate pseudo-observations based on our method as well as alternative approaches. We also present an analysis of a real dataset on patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators who are monitored for the occurrence of a particular type of device failures by routine follow-up examinations. In this dataset, we have information on exact event times as well as the interval censored data, so we can compare analyses of pseudo-observations based on the interval censored data to those obtained using the non-parametric pseudo-observations for right censored data. Results: Our simulations show that the proposed method for calculating pseudo-observations provides unbiased estimates of the cumulative incidence function as well as associations with exposure variables with appropriate coverage probabilities. The analysis of the real dataset also suggests that our method provides estimates which are in agreement with estimates obtained from the right censored data. Conclusions: The proposed method for calculating pseudo-observations based on the flexible parametric approach provides a versatile solution to the specific challenges that arise with interval censored data. This solution allows regression modeling using a range of different association measures.
Synapsin-caveolin-1 Mitigates Cognitive Deficits and Neurodegeneration in PSAPP Mice
Authors: Wang Shanshan , Leem Joseph , Podvin Sonia , Hook Vivian , Kleschevnikov Natalia , Savchenko Paul , Dhanani Mehul , Zhou Kimberly , Kelly Isabella , Zhang Tong , Miyanohara Atsushi , Kleschevnikov Alexander , Wagner Steve , Trojanowski John , Roth David , Patel Hemal , Patel Piyush , Head Brian
Published: September 2020

Background: AD presents with severe neurodegeneration which leads to cognitive deficits and dementia. While many previous approaches focused on targeting amyloid and/or tau, we identified a novel molecular and cellular target that attenuates neurodegeneration in AD which may be exploited as therapeutic targets.Methods: Using immunoblot, microscopic immunofluorescence and proteomic analysis, the current study revealed that PSAPP transgenic mice exhibit decreased hippocampal caveolin-1 (Cav-1), a membrane/lipid raft (MLR) scaffolding protein that organizes synaptic signaling components. Subcellularly, Cav-1 and full length (fl)-TrkB were significantly decreased in hippocampal MLRs. We thus used viral vector that contains a neuronal-targeted Cav-1 construct using the synapsin promoter (SynCav1) to re-express Cav-1 in PSAPP mice. Effects of SynCav1 on cognition function, hippocampal neuron morphology and ultrastructure were examined at 9 (presymptomatic stage) and 11 month (symptomatic stage) respectively.Results: While PSAPP mice showed significant learning and memory deficits at 9 and 11 months, PSAPP mice that received hippocampal SynCav1 (PSAPP-SynCav1) maintained normal learning and memory at 9 and 11 months respectively. Furthermore, PSAPP-SynCav1 mice showed preserved hippocampal MLR-localized fl-TrkB, synaptic ultrastructure, dendritic arborization and axonal myelin content, all of which occurred independent of reducing amyloid deposit and astrogliosis.Conclusions: While transgenic PSAPP mice exhibit decreased hippocampal expression of the MLR scaffolding protein Cav-1 in the early stage of disease, SynCav1 mitigated neuropathology and cognitive deficits in PSAPP mice. Irrespective of amyloid, our approach targeted neuronal degeneration pathways that may be downstream of amyloid species and/or tau in AD but also other forms of neurodegeneration of different or unknown etiology.
Knowledge and Risk Perception of Vulnerable Women on Zika Virus Infection at Primary Health Care Level in Brazil
Authors: Osorio-de-Castro Claudia Garcia Serpa , Santos-Pinto Cláudia Du Bocage , de Lima Clarice Antunes , Miranda Elaine Silva
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThe ZIKV infection outbreak in Brazil surged from late 2014, peaking in 2015. Vulnerable low-income groups, with inadequate housing conditions or sanitation were most affected by ZIKV-related neurologic syndrome. We aim to detect basal knowledge and beliefs, as well as knowledge gaps among vulnerable women.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out in two low-income urban community settings: a small municipality in the Center West with few ZIKV infection cases and a large municipality in the Southeast hard-hit by the epidemic. We developed an open-ended data collection instrument centered on awareness of ZIKV infection, sources of information, possible causes, symptoms, risk perception and consequences for pregnant women, and applied it to vulnerable women after informed consent. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and content coded for thematic analysis.ResultsSeventy-nine women responded. The majority had some knowledge of the disease, its causes and consequences but distanced themselves from ZIKV infection. Health services in both communities did not respond adequately and did not contribute to communicate risk for women and children. ConclusionsIn an uncertain future scenario as to reemergence of disease, we propose that awareness will be diminished and acquired knowledge lost. This is a great public health challenge that must be overcome to prepare both vulnerable groups and the health system for public health emergencies.
Outpatient Care in Acute and Prehospital Emergency Medicine by Emergency Medical and Patient Transport Service Over a 10-year Period: A Retrospective Study Based on Dispatch Data From a German Emergency Medical Control Center (OFF-RESCUE)
Authors: Schehadat Marc S. , Scherer Guido , Groneberg David A. , Kaps Manfred , Bendels Michael H.K.
Published: September 2020

Background The number of operations by the German emergency medical service almost doubled between 1994 and 2016. The associated expenses increased by 380 % in a similar period. Operations with treatment on-site, which retrospectively proved to be misallocated (OFF-Missions), have a substantial proportion of the assignment of the emergency medical service (EMS). Besides OFF-Missions, operations with patient transport play a dominant role (named as ON-Missions). The aim of this study is to work out the medical and economic relevance of both operation types.Methods This analysis examined N=819,780 missions of the EMS and patient transport service (PTS) in the catchment area of the emergency medical control center (EMCC) Bad Kreuznach over the period from 01/01/2007 to 12/31/2016 in terms of triage and disposition, urban-rural distribution, duration of operations and economic relevance (p<.01).Results 53.4 % of ON-Missions are triaged with the indication non-life-threatening patient transport; however, 63.7 % are processed by the devices of the EMS. Within the OFF-Mission cohort, 78.2 % and 85.8 % are triaged or dispatched for the EMS. 74 % of all ON-Missions are located in urban areas, 26 % in rural areas; 81.3 % of rural operations are performed by the EMS. 66 % of OFF-Missions are in cities. 93.2 % of the remaining 34 % of operations in rural locations are also performed by the EMS. The odds for both ON- and OFF-Missions in rural areas are significantly higher than for PTS (ORON 3.6, 95 % CI 3.21-3.30; OROFF 3.18, 95 % CI 3.04-3.32). OFF-Missions last 47.2 minutes (SD 42.3; CI 46.9-47.4), while ON-Missions are processed after 79.7 minutes on average (SD 47.6; CI 79.6-79.9). ON-Missions generated a turnover of more than € 114 million, while OFF-Missions made a loss of almost € 13 million.Conclusions This study particularly highlights the increasing utilization of emergency devices; especially in OFF-Missions, the resources of the EMS have a higher number of operations than PTS. OFF-Missions cause immensely high costs due to misallocations from an economic point of view. Appropriate patient management appears necessary from both medical and economic perspective, which requires multiple solution approaches.
MicroRNAs and long non-coding RNAs as potential candidates to target specific motifs of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Natarelli Lucia , Parca Luca , Virgili Fabio , Mazza Tommaso , Weber Christian , Fratantonio Deborah
Published: September 2020

The novel Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19) was defined as a global pandemic and induced a severe public health crisis in 2020. Covid-19 viral infection targets the human respiratory system and, at present, no specific treatment has been identified even though certain drugs have been studied and considered apparently effective in viral progression by reducing the complications in the lung epithelium. Researchers and clinicians are still struggling to find a vaccine or a specific innovative therapeutic strategy to counter COVID-19 infection.Here we describe our study indicating that SARS-CoV-2 genome contains motif sequences in the 5´UTR leader sequence that can be selectively recognized by specific human non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as micro and long non-coding RNAs (miRNAs and lncRNA). Notably, some of these ncRNAs have been already utilized as oligo-based drugs in pulmonary and virus-associated diseases. We identified three selective motifs at the 5´UTR leader sequence of SARS-CoV-2 that allow viral recognition and binding of a specific group of miRNAs, some of them characterized by “GU” seed alignments. Additionally, one seed motif within miRNAs has been found to be able to bind the 5’UTR leader sequence. Among miRNAs having thermodynamically stable binding site against leader sequence and that are able interacted with Spike transcript some are involved in pulmonary arterial hypertension and anti-viral response, i.e. miR-204, miR-3661, and miR-1343. Moreover, several miRNA candidates have been already validated in vivo and specific oligo sequence are indeed available for their inhibition or overexpression.Four lncRNAs (H19, Hotair, Fendrr, and LINC05) directly interact with spike transcript (mRNA) and viral genome.In conclusion, we suggest that specific miRNAs and lncRNAs can be potential candidates to design oligonucleotide-drugs to treat COVID-19 and that our study can provide candidate hypothesis to be eventually tested in further experimental studies.
Hypercaloric diets impair ovarian follicular development by inducing hyperinsulinemia and hyperlipidemia in female mice
Authors: Zhang Qiaoli , Wang Yan , Liu Jiansheng , Chen Zi-Jiang , Du Yanzhi
Published: September 2020

Long-term hypercaloric diets adversely impact ovarian follicular development and fecundity. We investigated the effects of high sugar (HS), high fat low sugar (HFLS), and high fat normal sugar (HFNS) diets on ovarian follicular development by feeding mice for up to 180 days. Body weight, gonadal fat, glucose, lipid, insulin, estrous cycle, sex hormones, ovarian tissues, and follicle ultrastructure were examined, and the expression of metabolism-related proteins was evaluated immunoblotting in ovarians. The mice on hypercaloric diets showed hyperinsulinemia and hyperlipidemia and exhibited heavier body and gonadal fat weights, longer estrous cycles, and fewer numbers of preantral and antral follicles; and the follicles that did form had impaired organelle morphology. The sex hormone levels in blood were similar to controls, excepting significantly elevated estradiol levels for the HS diet. In ovarian tissues, AMPKα phosphorylation was reduced while AKT phosphorylation and caspase-3 were increased in ovarian tissues in mice on all three hypercaloric diets. The data from our study collectively indicates possible mechanisms through which long-term exposure to unhealthy hypercaloric diets may impair ovarian follicular development: hyperinsulinemia and hyperlipidemia.
A hybrid model based on mBA-ANFIS for COVID 19 confirmed cases prediction and forecast
Authors: Saif Sohail , Das Priya , Biswas Suparna
Published: September 2020

In India, the first confirmed case of novel corona virus (COVID-19) was discovered on 30 January, 2020. The number of confirmed cases is increasing day by day and it crossed 21,53,010 on 09 August, 2020. In this paper a hybrid forecasting model has been proposed to determine the number of confirmed cases for upcoming 10 days based on the earlier confirmed cases found in India. The proposed modelis based on adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and mutation based Bees Algorithm (mBA). ThemetaheuristicBees Algorithm (BA) has been modified applying 4 types of mutation and Mutation based Bees Algorithm (mBA) is applied to enhance the performance of ANFIS by optimizing its parameters. Proposed mBA-ANFIS model has been assessed using COVID-19 outbreak dataset for India and USAand the number of confirmed cases in next 10 days in Indiahas been forecasted. Proposed mBA-ANFIS model has been compared to standard ANFIS model as well as other hybrid models such as GA-ANFIS, DE-ANFIS, HS-ANFIS, TLBO-ANFIS, FF-ANFIS, PSO-ANFIS and BA-ANFIS. All these models have been implemented using Matlab 2015 with 10 iterations each. Experimental results showthat the proposed model has achieved better performance in terms of Root Mean squared error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Mean absolute error (MAE) and Normalized Root Mean Square Error (NRMSE).It has obtained RMSE of 1280.24, MAE of 685.68, MAPE of 6.24 and NRMSE of 0.000673 for India Data.Similarly, for USA the values are 4468.72, 3082.07, 6.1, 0.000952 for RMSE, MAE, MAPE, NRMSE respectively.
The Role of Ego Integrity and Despair in Older Adults’ Well-being during the Covid-19 Crisis: The Mediating Role of Need-based Experiences
Authors: Kaap-Deeder Jolene van der , Vermote Branko , Waterschoot Joachim , Soenens Bart , Morbee Sofie , Vansteenkiste Maarten
Published: September 2020

The Covid-19 pandemic has affected people across the world, with older adults being particularly at risk for the negative (side) effects associated with this crisis. Relying on a cross-fertilization between Erikson’s personality theory and Self-Determination Theory, this study aimed to examine possible sources of resilience (i.e., ego integrity and need satisfaction) and vulnerability (i.e., despair and need frustration) in older adults’ (mal)adjustment, thereby additionally considering the role of multiple risk and protective factors (e.g., gender and marital status). During the second month of the lockdown period in Belgium, 693 older adults (Mage = 70.06, SD = 4.48, range: 65 – 89 years, 62.1% female) filled out online questionnaires concerning the study variables, while also completing assessments of several important sociodemographic factors. Structural equation modeling showed that both ego integrity and despair related to indicators of well-being and ill-being through experienced need satisfaction and need frustration. Additionally, we found several factors to protect (e.g., higher perceived income) or diminish (e.g., being widowed) older adults’ well-being during these challenging times, with little evidence for a moderating role of these factors in associations between the psychological variables. Theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.
The Expression of the Cold Shock Protein RNA Binding Motif Protein 3 is Transcriptionally Responsive to Organ Temperature in Mice
Authors: Ushio Ayako , Eto Ko
Published: September 2020

Background:

Mild hypothermia, i.e. maintenance of organ temperature by up to 8°C
lower than body temperature, is a critical strategy for exerting some functions of the cells and organs
normally, and is an useful therapy for recovering properly from some diseases, including myocardial
infarction, cardiac arrest, brain injury, and ischemic stroke. Nevertheless, there were no focusses
so far on organ temperature and potential responses of gene expression to organ temperature
in organs of homeothermic animals that survive under normal conditions.

Objective:

The present study aimed to assess organ temperature in homeothermic animals and evaluate
the effect of their organ temperature on the expression of the cold shock protein RNA binding
motif protein 3 (RBM3), and to gain insights into the organ temperature-mediated regulation of RBM3
gene transcription via Nuclear factor β-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) p65,
which had been identified as a transcription factor that is activated by undergoing the Ser276 phosphorylation
and promotes the RBM3 gene expression during mild hypothermia.

Methods:

We measured the temperature of several organs, where RBM3 expression was examined,
in female and male mice. Next, in male mice, we tested NF-κB p65 expression and its Ser276 phosphorylation
in organs that have their lower temperature than body temperature and compared them
with those in organs that have their temperature near body temperature.

Results:

Organ temperature was around 32°C in the brain and reproductive organs, which is lower
than the body temperature, and around 37°C in the heart, liver, and kidney, which is comparable to
the body temperature. The expression of RBM3 was detected greatly in the brain and reproductive
organs with their organ temperature of around 32°C, and poorly in the heart, liver, and kidney with
their organ temperature of around 37°C. In accordance with the changes in the RBM3 expression,
the NF-κB p65 Ser276 phosphorylation was detected more greatly in the testis and brain with their
organ temperature of around 32°C, than in the heart, liver, and kidney with their organ temperature
of around 37°C, although the NF-κB p65 expression was unchanged among all the organs tested.

Discussion:

Our data suggested that organ temperature lower than body temperature causes the expression
of RBM3 in the brain and reproductive organs of mice, and that lower organ temperature
causes the NF-κB p65 activation through the Ser276 phosphorylation, resulting in an increase in
the RBM3 gene transcription, in the brain and reproductive organs of mice.

Conclusion:

The study may present the possibility that organ temperature-induced alterations in
gene expression are organ specific in homeotherms and the possibility that organ temperature-induced
alterations in gene expression are transcriptionally regulated in some organs of
homeotherms.
Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract Attenuates Pb Acetate-induced Testicular Damage in Rats
Authors: Albasher Gadah , Alrajhi Rola , Alshammry Entesar , Almeer Rafa
Published: September 2020

Background:

Lead (Pb) remains a common contaminant in the environment in many
parts of the world. Pb exposure adversely affects many human organs, including the gonads, via
oxidant and inflammatory marker propagation in affected tissues. Moringa oleifera leaf extract
(MOE) is a rich source of antioxidants, reported to have robust anti-inflammatory properties.

Aims:

This investigation assessed whether MOE could mitigate testicular damage caused by Pb acetate treatment in rats.

Methods:

Four experimental groups were used: control animals (saline only), MOE (MOE only),
PbAc (Pb acetate injection only), and MOE+PbAc. All treatments were administered for two
weeks, after which animals were sacrificed, and tissues and serum were examined. To confirm the
potential antioxidant effect of MOE, the total polyphenolic (TP) and flavonoid (TF) concentrations
were determined.

Results:

The obtained results revealed that the TP concentration was 17.4 mg gallic acid equivalents
per gram MOE dried weight and the TF concentration was 5.6 mg of quercetin equivalents
per gram MOE dried weight. Moreover, MOE partially restored levels of luteinizing hormone (LH)
and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone and significantly attenuated oxidative
stress biomarkers, malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO), compared to levels observed in
the PbAc-only group. MOE significantly increased the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant
molecules superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione
reductase (GR), and glutathione (GSH). Testicular levels of inflammatory cytokines tumor
necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) were significantly decreased in
MOE+PbAc compared to PbAc. MOE also significantly decreased pro-apoptotic Bax and caspase-
3 mRNA and protein levels and increased anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 mRNA and protein levels.

Conclusion:

MOE extract was associated with significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activity that
ameliorated testicular damage induced by Pb acetate. We propose MOE as a favorable adjuvant to existing treatments for
Pb-induced toxicity.
Directing the Antiretroviral Drugs to the Brain Reservoir: A Nanoformulation Approach for NeuroAIDS
Authors: Nabi Bushra , Rehman Saleha , Pottoo Faheem H. , Baboota Sanjula , Ali Javed
Published: September 2020

Background:

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS is one of the principal concerns contributing
to the global burden and the accompanying deleterious outcomes could not be left unattended. Despite
significant advances and innovative research being conducted throughout the globe in order to improve the therapeutic
profile of conventionally available antiretroviral (ARV) drugs in the eradication of HIV virus reservoirs,
its penetration across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is still a formidable mission. This makes the central
nervous system a dominant and vulnerable site for virus propagation, which ultimately affects the therapeutic
potential of the drug administered. Therefore there is an upsurge in the prerequisite of novel technologies to
come into play, paving the way for nanotechnology.

Methods:

This review primarily provides a comprehensive outline and emphasizes on the nanotechnological
techniques employed for the delivery of ARV drugs and their stupendous advantages in overcoming the hurdles
associated with the same.

Results:

The nanotechnological approach bears the potential of site-specific delivery across the BBB via targeting
explicit transport processes and provides a sustained release mechanism. Furthermore, different routes of administration
explored have also yielded beneficial outcomes for the delivery of ARV drugs.

Conclusion:

The futuristic holistic nanotechnology methods, however, should focus on increasing drug trafficking
and permeability across the BBB to ameliorate the therapeutic effect of ARV drugs. Additionally, the domain
warrants clinical studies to be undertaken to make the technology commercially viable and a success to
deal with the problems of the treatment strategy.
Unveiling the Potential of Purinergic Signaling in Schistosomiasis Treatment
Authors: Oliveira Nathália Ferreira , Silva Claudia Lucia Martins
Published: September 2020

Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease. It is related to long-lasting granulomatous fibrosis
and inflammation of target organs, and current sub-optimal pharmacological treatment creates
global public health concerns. Intravascular worms and eggs release antigens and extracellular vesicles
that target host endothelial cells, modulate the immune system, and stimulate the release of damageassociated
molecular patterns (DAMPs). ATP, one of the most studied DAMPs, triggers a cascade of
autocrine and paracrine actions through purinergic P2X and P2Y receptors, which are shaped by ectonucleotidases
(CD39). Both P2 receptor families, and in particular P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y12, and P2X7 receptors,
have been attracting increasing interest in several inflammatory diseases and drug development.
Current data obtained from the murine model unveiled a CD39-ADP-P2Y1/P2Y12 receptors signaling
pathway linked to the liver and mesenteric exacerbations of schistosomal inflammation. Therefore, we
proposed that members of this purinergic signaling could be putative pharmacological targets to reduce
schistosomal morbidity.
Assessment of Biochemical Determinants in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Following the Oral Administration of β-D-Mannuronic Acid (M2000)
Authors: Nikouei Moghaddam Mohamad Reza , Movahedi Monireh , Bananej Maryam , Najafi Soheil , Moghadam Nahid Beladi , Saadat Payam , Mokhtarian Fariba , Mirshafiey Abbas
Published: September 2020

Background:

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune chronic inflammatory disease of the
central nervous system that can lead to some serious disabilities. Despite using various immunomodulatory
and anti-inflammatory drugs that have therapeutic effects, they cannot reduce its progression
completely and have some unwanted side effects too. The immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory
effects of the β-D-Mannuronic acid (M2000) have been proven in several surveys, and the
present research was designed to determine its toxicity and therapeutic effects in MS patients.

Methods:

This study was performed on 15 MS patients who took 25 mg/kg/day the oral form of
the β-D-Mannuronic acid for six months, and 15 healthy people as a control group. Serum levels of
Urea, Creatinine, GGT, Vitamin D3, Uric acid, and Anti-Phospholipids were compared to evaluate
the therapeutic and possible toxic effects of this drug after this period.

Results:

Non- toxic effects through the study of urea, creatinine, GGT, and non-significant changes
in uric acid and anti-Phospholipids levels, besides a significant rise in vitamin, D3 levels in the
M2000 treated cases were found.

Conclusions:

Our results suggested that β-D-Mannuronic acid is a safe drug and has no toxicity
when administered orally and also has some therapeutic effects in MS patients.
NiFe2O4@SiO2 n Pr@glucose Catalyzed Synthesis of Novel 5-pyrazolin-1,2,4- triazazolidine-3-ones (thiones)
Authors: Nikpassand Mohammad , Pourkarim Zahra
Published: September 2020

Introduction:

NiFe2O4@SiO2nPr@glucose catalyzed synthesis of novel 5-pyrazolin-1,2,4-triazazolidine-
3-ones (thiones).

Materials and Methods:

Amino glucose-functionalized silica-coated NiFe2O4 nanoparticles (NiFe2O4@SiO2
nPr@glucose amine or NiFe2O4@SiP@GA) were synthesized and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction
(XRD), X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscope (TEM), field emission scanning electron
microscope (FE-SEM), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).

Results and Discussion:

NiFe2O4@SiP@GA supply an eco-friendly procedure for the synthesis of some novel 5-
pyrazolin-1,2,4-triazazolidine-3-ones or thiones through one-pot reaction of thiosemicarbazide (hydrazinecarbothioamide)
and synthetized pyrazole carbaldehydes. These compounds were obtained in high yields in short
reaction times. The catalyst could be easily recovered and reused for six cycles with almost consistent activity.
The structures of the synthesized 5-pyrazolin-1,2,4-triazazolidine-3-ones or thiones were confirmed by 1H NMR,
13C NMR and FTIR spectral data and elemental analyses.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, we have investigated NiFe2O4@SiO2nPr@amino glucose as a new, eco-friendly,
inexpensive, mild and reusable catalyst for the synthesis of 5-pyrazolin-1,2,4-triazazolidine-3-ones or thiones.
High yield, a simple work.up procedure, adherence to the basics of green chemistry, environmental friendly and
based on natural ingredients, ease of separation and recyclability of the magnetic catalyst and waste reduction are
some advantages of this method.
Chemical IN04 Inhibits the Kinase Domain not the ROC Domain of LRRK1: Results from Homology Modeling and Molecular Docking
Authors: Chen Zhenhang , Xing Weirong , Fan Li
Published: September 2020

Background:

Bone loss is the most common reason for broken bones among the elderly.
An ideal agent for the treatment of bone loss should have both osteoclast inhibitory and osteoblast
stimulatory functions. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 1 (LRRK1) is a novel target for alternative antiresorptive
drugs to treat osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures. Recently a chemical IN04, Methyl
3-[(([5-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-thio-acetyl)-amino]-benzoate, has been identified
as a potential LRRK1 inhibitor.

Objective:

The aim of this work is to investigate how the chemical IN04 interacts with LRRK1 and
inhibits its activity.

Methods:

A structural model of the LRRK1 kinase domain was constructed with SWISS-MODEL.
The human protein kinase ROCO4 (PDB ID: 4YZN) was chosen as the template based on sequence
homology, structural and phylogenetic analysis. In addition, a homology model of the LRRK1 ROC
domain was also prepared based on the LRRK2 ROC domain structure (PDB ID: 2ZEJ). The interactions
of IN04 with the active sites in the LRRK1 kinase domain and ROC domain were investigated
by SwissDock.

Results:

IN04 was docked into the active site of the LRRK1 kinase domain with similar interactions
as ATP comparable to the ligand bound to homologous kinases. Many rational binding modes of
IN04 to LRRK1 kinase domain were investigated and the most likely binding pose containing multiple
hydrogen bonds and a salt bridge was discovered. However, IN04 cannot fit into the GDP-binding
site of the ROC domain.

Conclusion:

Chemical IN04 inhibits LRRK1 by binding to the active site of the kinase domain but
not the ROC domain.
Evaluation of the Laxative Activity of Saponin Enriched Hydroethanolic Pericarp Extract of Sapindus emarginatus in Animal Models
Authors: Vivekanandan Lalitha , Mandere Roxanne Gekonge , Thangavel Sivakumar
Published: September 2020

Background:

Constipation is a common, predominant, chronic gastrointestinal functional
disorder. The drugs available to treat constipation are limited because of their side effects for
long term use. Therefore, we need effective drug to treat constipation. Sapindus emarginatus Vahl
belongs to the family Sapindaceae, commonly known as soapnut. It is traditionally used as an antipruritic,
antifertility, laxative, and anti-inflammatory agent.

Objective:

The present study was conducted to evaluate the laxative activity of hydroethanolic pericarp
extract of Sapindus emarginatus (HESE) in animal models.

Methods:

The saponin content in the extract was measured by the gravimetric analysis. The laxative
activity of hydroethanolic pericarp extract of Sapindus emarginatus was evaluated by the
weight of feces matter, charcoal meal hyperperistalsis test, and loperamide induced constipation
model.

Results:

The saponin content of the soapnut pericarp was 13.48% and the extract was found to be
11.92%. The results obtained from these models showed a significant dose-dependent increase in
fecal weight, peristalsis index, and moisture content compared to control animals.

Conclusion:

The present study concluded that the oral administration of HESE showed a significant
laxative activity in different animal models. The presence of triterpene saponins is supposed to
be responsible for this activity. Further studies are needed to confirm their mechanism behind the
laxative effect. The administration of the extract was found to be effective in constipation therapy.
Design and In-silico Screening of Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) Inspired
Novel Pronucleotide Scaffolds Targeting COVID-19
Authors: Sahu Bichismita , Behera Santosh Kumar , Das Rudradip , Dalvi Tanay , Chowdhury Arnab , Dewangan Bhaskar , Kalia Kiran , Shard Amit
Published: September 2020

Introduction:

The outburst of the novel coronavirus COVID-19, at the end of December 2019 has turned itself
into a pandemic taking a heavy toll on human lives. The causal agent being SARS-CoV-2, a member of the
long-known Coronaviridae family, is a positive sense single-stranded enveloped virus and quite closely related to
SARS-CoV. It has become the need of the hour to understand the pathophysiology of this disease, so that drugs,
vaccines, treatment regimens and plausible therapeutic agents can be produced.

Methods:

In this regard, recent studies uncovered the fact that the viral genome of SARS-CoV-2 encodes nonstructural proteins like RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) which is an important tool for its transcription
and replication process. A large number of nucleic acid based anti-viral drugs are being repurposed for treating
COVID-19 targeting RdRp. Few of them are in the advanced stage of clinical trials including Remdesivir. While
performing close investigation of the large set of nucleic acid based drugs, we were surprised to find that the
synthetic nucleic acid backbone is explored very little or rare.

Results:

We have designed scaffolds derived from peptide nucleic acid (PNA) and subjected them for in-silico
screening systematically. These designed molecules have demonstrated excellent binding towards RdRp.
Compound 12 was found to possess similar binding affinity as Remdesivir with comparable pharmacokinetics.
However, the in-silico toxicity prediction indicates compound 12 may be a superior molecule which can be
explored further due to its excellent safety-profile with LD50 (12,000mg/kg) as opposed to Remdesivir (LD50
=1000mg/kg).

Conclusion:

Compound 12 falls in the safe category of class 6. Synthetic feasibility, equipotent binding and
very low toxicity of this peptide nucleic acid derived compounds can serve as a leading scaffold to design,
synthesize and evaluate many of similar compounds for the treatment of COVID-19.
Effects on the Post-translational Modification of H3K4Me3, H3K9ac, H3K9Me2, H3K27Me3, and H3K36Me2 Levels in Cerebral Cortex, Hypothalamus and Pons of Rats after a Systemic Administration of Cannabidiol: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Pastrana-Trejo José Carlos , Duarte-Aké Fátima , Us-Camas Rosa , De-la-Peña Clelia , Parker Linda , Pertwee Roger G. , Murillo-Rodríguez Eric
Published: September 2020

Background:

Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychotropic constituent of Cannabis sativa,
has shown therapeutic promises by modulating several pathological conditions, including pain,
epilepsy autism, among others. However, the molecular mechanism of action of CBD remains unknown
and recent data suggest the engagement on CBD´s effects of nuclear elements, such as histone
activity.

Aim:

This study assessed the changes in the post-translational modification (PTM) on the histones
H3K4Me3, H3K9ac, H3K9Me2, H3K27Me3, and H3K36Me2 in several brain regions of rats after
the administration of CBD (20 mg/Kg/i.p.).

Objective:

To evaluate the effects on the PTM of histones H3K4Me3, H3K9ac, H3K9Me2,
H3K27Me3, and H3K36Me2 levels in the cerebral cortex, hypothalamus and pons of CBD-treated
rats.

Methods:

Ten adult rats were randomly assigned into 2 groups: Control or CBD (20 mg/Kg/i.p).
Animals were sacrificed after treatments and brains were collected for dissections of the cerebral
cortex, hypothalamus and pons. Samples were analyzed for PTM on the histones H3K4Me3,
H3K9ac, H3K9Me2, H3K27Me3, and H3K36Me2 levels by Western blot procedure.

Results:

CBD increased the PTM levels on the histones H3K4Me3, H3K9ac, and H3K27Me3 in
the cerebral cortex whereas no significant differences were found in H3K9Me2 and H3K36Me2. In
addition, in the hypothalamus, CBD decreased the contents of H3K9ac while no significant effects
were observed in H3K4Me3, H3K9Me2, H3K27Me3, and H3K36Me2. Lastly, in the pons, CBD-
treated rats showed a significant decline on the PTM levels of H3K4Me3 whereas no statistical
differences were found in H3K9ac, H3K9Me2, H3K27Me3, and H3K36Me2.

Conclusion:

The study showed that CBD induced differential effects in levels of PTM on the histones
H3K4Me3, H3K9ac, H3K9Me2, H3K27Me3, and H3K36Me2 in several brain regions.
Genetic Diversity of Two Tilapia Species (Oreochromis Niloticus and Sarthrodon Galilaeus) Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA
Authors: Omer Omeima M. , Abdalla Abd El Wahab H. , Mahmoud Zuheir N.
Published: September 2020

Introduction:

In this study, the genetic variability in eight populations ofOreochromis niloticusand seven populations ofSarotherodon galilaeuswas estimated using molecular markers.

Materials and Methods:

Fish specimens were collected from eight sites representing the White Nile, Blue Nile and the River Nile. Tissue samples from gills and dorsal fin were removed from individual specimens and preserved separately in absolute ethanol prior to molecular analysis by RAPD-PCR using eight primers. DNA analysis using OPA-04, OPA-13, OPA-03, OPA-06, OPA-07, OPA-09, OPA-10 and RAPD-8 produced different bands for each.

Results and Discussion:

The total bands generated by the primers were: 17, 16, 18, 12, 12, 14, 14, and 17. They were in the range of 100 to 1020 bp. Levels of variability were estimated by the proportion of polymorphic bands obtained by each primer within a population. The range of variability was wider inO. niloticus(46.0 to 91.7) compared toS. galilaeus(56.2 to 83.3). The dendrogram obtained differentiated the populations into 22 sub-clusters.Oreochromis niloticusfrom Al Kalakla exhibited a high level of genetic diversity. This diversity is evident among and within the studied populations, as estimated by RAPD-PCR techniques.

Conclusion:

To promote tilapia production, the study recommended increasing genetic variation within broodstocks by crossing high similarity breeds with low similarity ones.
Comparación de la fuerza explosiva en miembros superiores de estudiantes de tres escuelas de formación militar
Authors: Castro Fori Luis Yojanes , Puentes Salazar María Angélica
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: caracterizar la fuerza explosiva de miembros superiores de los estudiantes de último nivel de tres escuelas de formación militar. Metodología: estudio de enfoque cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo y corte transversal, con una muestra de 139 estudiantes; se aplicó una prueba de salto en plataforma con el protocolo push up (tiempo de vuelo, altura y velocidad de despegue). Resultados: al comparar las tres escuelas, en tiempo de vuelo se obtuvo una mediana de 364 milisegundos para ESPRO vs. 320 milisegundos en la EMSUB vs. 396 milisegundos en la ESMIC. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre la EMSUB y la ESPRO (p<0.001) y entre la EMSUB y la ESMIC (p<0.001). Conclusión: se evidencia la necesidad de implementar la evaluación de condición física al ingreso, durante y al finalizar los procesos formativos para determinar el punto de mayor rendimiento físico.
Pengembangan E-Learning Berbasis Website menggunakan Metode Waterfall
Authors: Septyanto Kukuh , Hamid Mustofa Abi , Aribowo Didik
Published: September 2020

Perkembangan informasi, komunikasi dan teknologi yang semakin pesat telah banyak mengubah berbagai bidang kehidupan, termasuk dibidang pendidikan. Sudah semestinya sistem pembelajaran yang ada di Program Studi Pendidikan Vokasional Teknik Elektro Untirta harus lebih inovatif. Mengembangkan sistem pembelajaran e-learning berbasis website dan mengetahui kelayakan produk yang dihasilkan merupakan tujuan dari penelitian ini, dengan memakai metode Research and Development (RD) dengan model pengembangan waterfall yang terdiri dari beberapa tahapan yaitu, analisis kebutuhan, desain, implementasi atau pengkodeaan, dan pengujian. Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah 3 orang ahli produk, 3 dosen 1 staff, dan 51  mahasiswa. Maka didapatkan hasil penelitian yang telah diolah, berupa data (1) tingkat kelayakan produk website e-learning diperoleh nilai skor rata-rata sebesar 74,6 dengan kategori “sangat layak”. (2) hasil uji coba penggunaan website e-learning oleh dosen dan staff diperoleh nilai skor rata-rata sebesar 90,3 dengan kategori “sangat layak”. (3) hasil uji coba penggunaan website e-learning oleh mahasiswa diperoleh nilai skor rata-rata sebesar 85 dengan kategori “sangat layak”. Dapat ditarik kesimpulan, maka sistem pembelajaran e-learning berbasis website sangat layak. Agar pemanfaatan website e-learning terjaga, maka perlu dilakukan pemeliharaan rutin, penambahan fitur sesuai kebutuhan pengguna dan memperkuat keamanan website e-learning.
Optimalisasi Media Penyimpanan pada Sistem Inventori Stok Barang untuk PT. Multi Usaha Sejahtera Jaya menggunakan Metode Goldbach Codes
Authors: Frayudha Angga Debby , Purwanti Siti
Published: September 2020

Pengelolaan data secara konvensional, baik manual pada buku maupun penggunaan aplikasi pengolah data (kata atau angka) dinilai masih memiliki keterbatasan terutama dalam hal keterjangkauan akses dan pengelolaan. Sistem informasi inventori mampu menyajikan pengelolaan data berupa informasi-informasi yang dibutuhkan untuk produktivitas tempat usaha sesuai karakteristik pengguna informasi pada tempat usaha tersebut. Lebih lanjut untuk proses transmisi data yang lebih baik, diperlukan optimalisasi media penyimpanan melalui teknik kompresi data tertentu. Salah satu algoritma kompresi data teks yang memiliki keunggulan pada optimalisasi ukuran hasil kompresi adalah Goldbach Codes. Artikel ini mendeskripsikan pengembangan sistem pengelolaan inventori dengan kemampuan dapat menyimpan maupun mengubah data stok barang, penjualan, pembelian barang dan laporannya yang memiliki efisiensi data yang optimal.  Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode Riset and Development dengan 7 tahapan berupa: 1) potensi masalah, 2) pengumpulan data, 3) desain produk, 4) validasi desain, 5) uji coba produk, 6) revisi produk, 7) uji coba pemakaian. Hasil dari pengujian aplikasi mendapatkan presentase kelayakan sebesar 83% dari ahli media (IT), 85% dari pengguna skala kecil (PT Multi Usaha Sejahtera). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa media yang dikembangkan “sangat layak”. Kelebihan dari sistem yang diusulkan adalah pencarian data semakin cepat dan paperless. Penelitian ini dapat dijadikan pijakan untuk penelitian terkait. Aspek yang perlu dipertimbangkan pada penelitian ke depan adalah aspek keberterimaan sistem informasi
Peningkatan Partisipasi Belajar dan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Teknik Audio Video di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 dengan WhatsApp Group
Authors: Utami Santi , Utami Pipit
Published: September 2020

Penutupan SMK merupakan dampak dari adanya pandemi COVID-19. Pembelajaran daring menjadi pendekatan yang harus diterapkan pada kondisi tersebut. Berbagai tantangan dan kendala pembelajaran daring mempengaruhi capaian pembelajaran. Temuan saat evaluasi pembelajaran daring di awal periode adalah menurunnya partisipasi belajar dan prosentase ketuntasan KKM peserta didik menjadi temuan yang diperoleh. Artikel ini memaparkan mengenai cara meningkatkan partisipasi dan prosentase ketuntasan tersebut pada pembelajaran daring melalui pemanfaatan WhatsApp Group (WAG) dan Google Classroom (GC). Tahapan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) adalah perencanaan, tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Group Investigation menjadi model pembelajaran yang digunakan dalam penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) penerapan GI dapat meningkatkan partisipasi belajar melalui optimalisasi WAG sebagai forum diskusi (langkah identifikasi topik, perencanaan tugas, dan investigasi) dan pengumpulan video (laporan dan presentasi) pada waktu yang disepakati; (2) penerapan GI meningkatkan prosentase peserta didik yang tuntas KKM melalui langkah langkah diskusi, investigasi dan presentasi menggunakan WAG sebagai media komunikasi. Dedikasi dan peran proaktif pengajar memegang peranan penting dalam pengoptimalan WA pada pembelajaran. Teknologi pembelajaran terbaik adalah yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan pembelajaran berdasarkan karakteristik peserta didik, infrastruktur teknologi dan lingkungan pembelajaran. Manajemen perubahan diperlukan untuk meningkatkan literasi teknologi pembelajaran bagi sivitas pendidikan.
Sistem Pengendali pH Air dan Pemantauan Lingkungan Tanaman Hidroponik menggunakan Fuzzy Logic berbasis IoT
Authors: Alam Rahib Lentera , Nasuha Aris
Published: September 2020

Hidroponik merupakan solusi bercocok tanam untuk lahan pertanian yang semakin menyempit. Namun, pengendalian pH serta monitoring lingkungan yang masih manual membuat hasil tanam menjadi kurang optimal. Proyek akhir ini bertujuan untuk menciptakan perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak untuk mengontrol pH air dan memonitor lingkungan tanaman hidroponik berbasis Internet of things (IoT). Sistem tersebut menggunakan sistem kontrol logika fuzzy untuk mengendalikan pH media tanam hidroponik dan terdapat pengembangan cloud server guna mempermudah petani dalam mengontrol media tanam serta lingkungan tanaman hidroponik. Pembuatan alat ini mengacu pada metode kuantitatif yang terdiri dari tahap analisis, desain/perancangan, perakitan serta pengujian. Hasil dari pengujian yang telah dilakukan adalah ketelitian sensor pH meter sebesar 98,38%, ketelitian sensor DHT22 untuk mengukur suhu sebesar 97,91% dan kelembaban sebesar 95,89%, ketelitian sensor DS18B20 sebesar 96,16%, ketelitian sensor HCSR-04 sebesar 97,65%, Rata-rata waktu penstabilan pH 64s dengan error 2.05%. Semua fitur dalam aplikasi Blynk bekerja dengan baik, waktu ping server rata-rata 18ms dan waktu respons alat rata-rata 83s. Penggunaan sistem ini diharapkan bermanfaat bagi masyarakat awam untuk berkebun tanpa mencemaskan kebutuhan lahan luas dan kerumitan perawatan. Hal tersebut berdampak pada kemandirian pangan pada level rumah tangga dapat diwujudkan melalui penyediaan tanaman panggan untuk konsumsi keluarga.
Surgical hemostasis for obstetric hemorrhage: experimental and clinical studies
Authors: Kantsurova M. R. , Rymashevsky A. N.
Published: September 2020

The article presents a review of the literature on the problems of treatment of obstetric bleeding in the light of historical development and modern opportunities. Currently existing options for surgical hemostasis: ligation of pelvic vessels, ligation of internal iliac arteries, embolization of uterine arteries and compression sutures on the uterus are considered from the perspective of experimental work and clinical research. The paper reflects the opinions of domestic and foreign scientists, which were a vector for further study and experiments.