bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Teacher Feedback in Enhancing ESL Learners' Writing Proficiency
Authors: Alisoy Hasan
Published: October 2024

Teacher feedback plays a vital role in enhancing writing proficiency among ESL learners. This paper explores how different types of feedback—direct, indirect, formative, and summative—impact learners’ language development, with a focus on improving grammar, structure, and content in writing. By combining error correction with opportunities for learners to engage in self-reflection and revision, feedback helps students develop a deeper understanding of language mechanics and fosters learner autonomy. However, challenges such as the heavy workload for teachers, varying student receptiveness, and balancing constructive criticism with motivation are significant considerations in delivering effective feedback. This study also highlights case studies that demonstrate the practical application of feedback strategies in diverse ESL classrooms. Overall, the role of feedback in ESL writing instruction is essential for promoting sustained improvement and developing students’ confidence and independence in writing. The article concludes with recommendations for balancing personalized feedback with innovative teaching practices to enhance ESL learners' writing proficiency.
Roses et Rhétorique : Une étude lexico-sémantique des expressions idiomatiques dans la littérature française
Authors: Axundov Yaqub
Published: October 2024

Cette étude analyse les rôles lexico-sémantiques et stylistiques des expressions idiomatiques à base du mot "rose" dans la littérature française. En examinant des textes classiques et contemporains, tels que ceux de Victor Hugo et de Charles Baudelaire, la recherche met en évidence comment ces expressions idiomatiques apportent une profondeur thématique, symbolisant l’amour, la beauté, la décadence et la désillusion. Les résultats révèlent que les idiomes liés à la "rose" enrichissent non seulement la texture linguistique des œuvres, mais reflètent également des tendances littéraires et culturelles plus larges. Une analyse comparative avec d'autres traditions littéraires souligne l’évolution des significations de ces expressions au fil du temps.
INSPEÇÃO EM PRODUTOS DE ORIGEM ANIMAL (OVOS): DA ORIGEM AO PRODUTO FINAL
Authors: Gonzalez Bianca , Mazuco Carla , Cardia Carolina Fernanda da Costa , Araujo Emanuelle dos Passos Alencar , Souza Silvio Luis Pereira de
Published: October 2024

O ovo é a proteína animal com maior valor biológico e também de maior acessibilidade. Porém, para que chegue ao prato do consumidor oferecendo menores riscos à saúde pública e considerando um maior conforto às galinhas poedeiras, é necessário um monitoramento e uma gama de cuidados padronizados pelo SIF (Serviço de Inspeção Federal). O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar o processo de inspeção nacional, demonstrando o controle de qualidade desde o processo de criação destas galinhas até a embalagem, que também deve seguir um padrão para que se encaixe dentro das normas. Os resultados apontam que o sistema de criação impacta diretamente na qualidade do ovo, bem como o sistema de coleta manual pode ser mais benéfico também para a conservação das cascas por se tratar de um produto extremamente frágil. Por se tratar de um produto dedicado ao consumo humano, requer uma maior atenção devido ao grande risco de contaminação por zoonose, sendo extremamente necessário atender todas as regulamentações impostas pelo SIF e pelo MAPA (Ministério da Agricultura e Pecuária).
INCLUSÃO ESCOLAR DE CRIANÇAS COM SINDROME DE DOWN: REALIDADE ATUAL
Authors: Rigo Eliane Lombardi , Monteiro Lisangela de Góis , Oliveira Maria de , Mognon Keli Cristina , Lombardi Leticia , Pereira Fabiane , Lima Bianca Aparecida de , Zonta Clair Ana
Published: October 2024

Na realidade educacional atual, as crianças com Síndrome de Down devem estar inseridas no contexto escolar, uma vez que ao se relacionarem, conviverem e interagirem com outras crianças estarão desenvolvendo habilidades que fora desse contexto não seria possível. Assim, o comprometimento com a educação inclusiva de alunos com Síndrome de Down deve promover uma cultura de convivência com as diferenças visto que as exigências legais da educação inclusiva visam abrir espaço para que a aceitação, a cooperação, o diálogo, a solidariedade, a criatividade e o espírito crítico sejam exercitados na escola. Portanto, atualmente, não se pode deixar excluídos do ensino pessoas portadoras de necessidades especiais, das diversas necessidades, no caso desse artigo as portadoras de síndrome de Down, pois, torna-se cada vez mais crucial para seu desenvolvimento um sistema educacional que considere a necessidade de todos os alunos e que se adapte e seja estruturado de forma a atender às suas necessidades, visto que diversos fatores apontam a importância de uma criança com Síndrome de Down frequentar a escola. Neste sentido, visando discutir sobre a inclusão escolar de crianças portadoras de Síndrome de Down e buscando ver problemas que impeçam de acontecer a não interação dos alunos, buscou-se através de pesquisa bibliográfica artigos e autores que tratam sobre o tema. Diante disso, o objetivo geral deste estudo é investigar o processo de inclusão de crianças com Síndrome de Down e produzir conhecimentos sobre a realidade educacional que envolve esses alunos.
Socially Just Artmaking
Authors:   , Brown Jaime Linn
Published: October 2024

The arts serve as a vehicle to activate imagination of students in developing a broaderunderstanding of injustice, its consequences, and the range of alternative possibilities (Bell &Desai, 2011). As more young artists engage in this dialogue, we must investigate how young people themselves make sense of and experience the transformative power of the arts (Dewhurst, 2014). Activist art can communicate ideas about individual and community experiences to a wider audience; it can make public that which has been ignored, silenced, or kept from public conscience (Dewhurst, 2014). Visual expression allows one to increase their understandings beyond the limitations of words and artmaking provides an often-overlooked means of knowing and infrequently used research avenue for exploring a phenomenon (Lee, 2013). The primary purpose of this study gives students the opportunity to explore ways in which they can foment change in the world around them through self-expression. A secondary purpose intends to add to existing dialogue about the transformative power of the arts. This mixed-methods research study was designed to address the following questions: (1) How do students perceive and respond to injustices in their world using meaning-making through the visual arts? (2) What methods do student participants find successful in engaging in dialogue about and creation of social justice activist art? (3) Does an activist art project or program impact a student’s level of comfort in social situations?
The Effect of Differentiated Instruction Training on the Instructional Strategies of Education Trainees at Hawk Mountain Sanctuary
Authors:   , Brown Erin
Published: October 2024

This research examined the effects of differentiated instruction and self-reflection training within a post graduate education trainee program. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of the inclusion of multiple teaching and learning strategies and reflective practice instruction on how education trainees chose, adjusted, and assessed instructional methods in their programs. Differentiated instruction theory, learning style theory, and reflective theory constituted the framework for this study. The method of analysis was a case study of individual education trainees utilizing multiple data collection methods. Qualitative data was gathered through structured interviews, dialogic seminars, and reflective journals. Constant comparative analysis of the data sets using emergent thematic coding resulted in four themes. Instruction in multiple learning styles theory resulted in trainees researching audience demographics prior to programs, suggesting the information was perceived as essential for effective teaching. Instruction in a variety of teaching strategies resulted in the development of a growth mindset focused on taking new knowledge and applying it in their own practice. The inclusion of reflective practices resulted in trainees focusing on the reactions of learners to the learning experience. Self-reflection was seen by trainees as a platform for the development of differentiated instruction techniques.
Penerapan Sistem dan Prosedur Penjualan Kredit
Authors: Benardi Benardi , Angelina Angelina
Published: October 2024

Sistem merupakan suatu kesatuan yang terdiri dari unsur-unsur yang saling berhubungan satu sama lain yang melaksanakan suatu kegiatan bersama-sama untuk mencapai tujuan tertentu. Sedangkan prosedur adalah suatu urutan kegiatan klerikal, biasanya melibatkan beberapa orang dalam satu departemen atau lebih, yang dibuat untuk menjamin penanganan secara seragam transaksi perusahaan yang terjadi berulang-ulang. Sistem dan prosedur itu sendiri sangat diperlukan dalam suatu perusahaaan khususnyabidang perdagangan dalam pengendalian internal perusahaan. Prosedur penjualan adalah urutan kegiatan sejak diterimanya pesanan dari pembeli, pengiriman barang, pembuatan faktur (penagihan), dan pencatatan. Hal yang berkaitan langsung dengan siste pencatatan salah satunya formulir serta dokumen. Dalam hubungannya dengan sistem akuntansi, formulir dan dokumen adalah blangko-blangko yang digunakan untuk melakukan pencatatan dari suatu transaksi seperti faktur penjualan, voucher, formulir, rekening dan lain-lain. Formulir sangat penting artinya untuk menjalankan suatu organisasi perusahaan. Hampir semua peristiwa dalam perusahaan terjadi karena formulir dan memerlukan formulir untuk merekamnya. kebutuhan informasi dalam suatu perusahaan akan berkembang sesuai perkembangan kebutuhan informasi pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan (baik ekstern maupun intern). Di samping itu, kemajuan teknologi, terutama alat-alat untuk memproses data, dapat juga mengakibatkan sistem akuntansi yang sekarang berlaku sudah tidak efisien lagi. Dalam keadaan seperti ini perlu diadakan penyusunan kembali sistem akuntansi yang ada dalam perusahaan. Langkah-langkah penyusunan sistem ini (disebut juga dengan system life cycle) terdiri dari, analisa sistem yang ada, merencanakan sistem akuntansi, pengawasan sistem baru. Dalam penelitian ini perusahaan melakukan kegiatan penjualan secara kredit, Penjualan kredit dilaksanakan oleh perusahaan dengan cara mengirimkan barang sesuai dengan order yang diterima dari pembeli dan untuk jangka waktu tertentu perusahaan mempunyai tagihan kepada pembeli tersebut. Fungsi yang terkait dalam sistem penjualan kredit adalah fungsi penjualan, fungsi kredit, fungsi gudang, fungsi pengiriman, fungsi penagihan danfungsi akuntansi.
Analisis Perbedaan Biaya Persediaan Dengan Metode Aliran Biaya Fifo Atau Average Serta Hubungannya Terhadap Laba Kena Pajak
Authors: Mulyono Mulyono , Ramadony Ramadony
Published: October 2024

Persediaan merupakan salah satu aset yang sangat berharga bagi perusahaan sehingga metode perhitungan persediaan yang digunakan oleh perusahaan harus diperhatikan. Metode penilaian persediaan ada tiga macam yaitu Masuk Pertama Keluar Pertama atau First In First Out (FIFO), Masuk Terakhir Keluar Pertama atau Last In First Out (LIFO) dan Metode Rata-Rata Tertimbang (Average).Metode yang digunakan oleh PT. Artindo Prima Graha adalah FIFO. Sedangkan metode yang diakui oleh perpajakan adalah metode FIFO dan Average. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa metode penilaian persediaan FIFO dan Average serta pengaruhnya terhadap laba kena pajak pada PT. Artindo Prima Graha periode tahun 2010 dan 2011. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah data sekunder dari perusahaan berupa laporan rugi laba tahun 2010 dan 2011. Analisis yang digunakan adalah uji independent sample t-test dan uji regresi linear sederhana dengan menggunakan program SPSS versi 20.0. Berdasarkan hasil analisa dan pembahasan menggunakan program SPSS versi 20.0 dengan uji independent sample t-test diperoleh bahwa rata-rata harga pokok penjualan dengan metode FIFO lebih besar dari harga pokok penjualan dengan metode average yaitu 1.73629 > 1.70629 sedangkan rata-rata laba kena pajak dengan metode average lebih besar daripada laba kena pajak metode FIFO yaitu 0.16125 > 0.13208. Dari pengujian regresi linear sederhana diperoleh bahwa metode FIFO dan average masing-masing berpengaruh signifikan terhadap laba kena pajak sehingga metode FIFO dan average memiliki kontribusi negatif terhadap laba kena pajak.
Sistem Pengendalian Internal Pengeluaran Kas Kecil
Authors: Jufri Akhmad , Sheila Maria Selvina
Published: October 2024

Asset perusahaan merupakan salah satu hal penting dalam berjalannya suatu kegiatan usaha, salah satu penunjangnya adalah sistem pengendalian internal. Sistem pengendalian internal merupakan salah satu pendukung agar tujuan dan program perusahaan dapat berjalan dengan baik diantaranya yang harus diperhatikan adalah sistem pengendalian internal pada kas kecil. Kas kecil adalah sejumlah uang tunai tertentu yang disisihkan dalam perusahaan dan digunakan untuk melayani pengeluaran-pengeluaran tertentu. Sistem pengendalian internal tersebut meliputi struktur organisasi, metode ukuran-ukuran yang dikoordinasikan untuk menjaga kekayaan organisasi, mengecek ketelitian dan keandalan akuntansi. Dilihat dari segi tujuannya terdapat pengendalian internal akuntansi dan penendalian internal administrasif. Fungsi dana kas kecil sangatlah penting untuk menunjang kelancaran aktivitas dariperusahaan sedangkan alat yang dipakai atau biasa digunakan adalah dokumen yang berisikan bukti kas kecil, permintaan pengeluaran kas kecil, bukti pengeluaran kas kecil, permintaan pengisian kembali kas kecil. Tidak menutup kemungkinan bila hal-hal tersebut dapat dilaksanakan maka tujuan perusahaan akan berjalan dengan baik.
Fatores de risco associados às hospitalizações de crianças e adolescentes devido a crises asmáticas
Authors: Neto Geraldo de Miranda , Gomes Maria Luisa Melges , Araujo Vitor Ferreira Amorim de , Aquino Luzia de Souza , Rocha Ana Maria Ferreira , Paula Vitória Camargo de , Andrade Ronaldo Santos , Silva Mateus Oliveira da , Cabral Maria Gabriela Cararo , Pimenta Gabriela Marques , Tuzura Keyla Yumi
Published: October 2024

A asma é uma das doenças respiratórias crônicas mais comuns em crianças e adolescentes, sendo responsável por alta taxa de hospitalizações devido a crises graves. Este estudo reúne dados sobre os principais fatores de risco associados a hospitalizações por crise asmática em crianças e adolescentes, como infecções do trato respiratório, exposição a alérgenos, mudanças climáticas, exercício físico, exposição à fumaça de tabaco, vaporização, irritantes ambientais e estresse emocional. Portanto, tem-se como objetivo nortear  intervenções, melhorar o manejo clínico da asma, reduzir as hospitalizações e promover qualidade de vida das crianças e adolescentes asmáticos. Trata-se de uma revisão minuciosa com dados secundários, obtidos por meio de bases digitais, como Google Acadêmico e PubMed, onde foram selecionados 8 artigos, em português ou inglês, publicados nos últimos 3 anos (2021- 2024) e que estavam alinhados com o tema da pesquisa.
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pemilihan Guru Terbaik Menggunakan Kombinasi Metode AHP dan SMART
Authors: Tambunan Meliana Sabet
Published: October 2024

SDN 175802 memiliki kegiatan pemilihan guru terbaik yang diadakan setahun sekali yaitu pada hari besar Guru. Penilaiannya dari pengamatan Kepala Sekolah dan hanya didasarkan pada satu kriteria yaitu dari cara mengajar guru saja. Kurangnya kriteria dalam pemilhan guru terbaik maka Kepala Sekolah memberikan tambahan kriteria seperti kehadiran, cara mengajar, prestasi, tanggung jawab dan kedisiplinan. Penilaian tersebut kurang efektif dan kurang objektif karena bisa terjadi kecurangan antara pihak-pihak tertentu. Menghindari hal tersebut maka diperlukan Sistem Pendukung Keputusan (SPK) untuk membantu Kepala Sekolah dalam mengoptimalkan proses pemilihan guru terbaik sehingga penelitian ini menerapkan SPK berbasis dekstop guna mengimplementasikan metode AHP dan SMART. Metode AHP digunakan untuk menentukan bobot dari kriteria yang dipakai untuk penilaian guru terbaik. Sedangkan metode SMART untuk menentukan perangkingan guru. Aplikasi dibuat menggunakan Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 dan basis data MySQL. Hasil dari penelitian yang didapatkan adalah kombinasi metode AHP dan SMART pada aplikasi SPK mampu memberikan rekomendasi pada Kepala Sekolah dalam proses pemilihan guru terbaik pada SDN 175802 Lumban Gaol. Adapun kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah dengan adanya sistem pendukung keputusan pemilihan guru terbaik dapat memudahkan dan mempercepat pihak pengambil keputusan dalam pemilihan guru terbaik secara transparan dan objektif. Dari 10 data sampel yang ada maka diperoleh peringkat pertama jatuh kepada Emi Tampubolon,S.Pd dengan nilai tertinggi 0,82081 atau setara dengan 82%.
Arquétipo e criptomnésia: um diálogo entre Jung e Flournoy
Authors: Carvalho Lucas Augusto de , Silva Matheus Felipe Mendes de Sa e , Hortegas Monica Giraldo
Published: October 2024

Há diversos encontros ao longo da história que transformam o mundo. Um desses foi entre Carl Jung e Théodore Flournoy, dois pensadores que contribuíram para a psicologia científica. Sobre essa amizade, nem tudo está tão claro nos registros da história da psicologia. Busca- mos compreender a influência de Flournoy nas investigações de Jung, principalmente acerca do ocultismo, e como ela foi fundamental para nortear as buscas de Jung em torno do conceito de inconsciente, a partir da possível suposta relação entre os conceitos criptomnésia e arquéti- po. Com uma metodologia de base bibliográfica, percorremos a trajetória inicial da relação entre o ocultismo e o início da psicologia enquanto ciência e de que maneira isso repercutiu na obra desses dois teóricos. A lenda freudiana persiste, porém mais pistas são dadas para mostrar que Jung era um pensador que criou sua própria psicologia para além dos limites da psicanálise e independente dela.
Conto tradicional e psicologia analítica: saúde, acolhimento e reflexão
Authors: Viera Paulo Maurício de Oliveira , Melo Walter
Published: October 2024

A partir das noções de acolhimento, Self grupal e quatro passos de reflexão, apresentamos as etapas de um trabalho com os contos tradicionais desenvolvido com um grupo de usuários de um CAPS II em uma perspectiva desmedicalizante. O grupo é composto por 27 pessoas com diagnóstico de psicose, 5 estudantes de medicina, 3 de psicologia e 1 médico. Dessa maneira, o grupo é considerada como uma totalidade e em seu caráter ritual, apresentando a seguinte sistematização: ritual de acolhida, recitação de um conto tradicional, reflexões sobre o conto tradicional, vivência artística e partilha dos sentimentos e lanche. As etapas da nossa abordagem representam uma sucessão de atividades que ocorrem regularmente e são distribuídas no tempo, criando um ritmo que favorece a autonomia. Dentre as dezenas de contos recitados, dois são apresentados neste artigo: “O velho e a menina” e “A fada da represa do moinho”, que abordam, respectivamente, os temas da criança divina e dos motivos de maldição e de redenção.
Imagens de coniunctio no sandplay: quando Eros e Psiquê brincam na areia
Authors: Gimenez Patrícia Dias
Published: October 2024

A imagem alquímica da coniunctio – a união entre opostos – é o que inspira esta reflexão. O tratado alquímico Rosarium Philosophorum é uma sequência de imagens em que o tema da coniunctio é central e foi uma centelha importante para Jung quando se debruçou sobre a questão da transferência no processo analítico. Como forma de imersão no tema da coniunctio e da relação transferencial, imagens bordadas pela autora ilustram o trabalho, somadas a imagens de sandplay que têm o tema da coniunctio como inspiração. O motivo do encontro é central no conto de Eros e Psiquê, de Apuleio. Ele está presente também nos sonhos e em muitas imagens plasmadas nas areias de sandplay. Por meio da jornada da psique/Psiquê descrita no conto, das imagens na areia e das representações alquímicas bordadas, busca-se uma linguagem mais sensível para se aprofundar na questão transferencial nos processos de análise com sandplay.
A Tentative Study on Integrating Plain English into the Doctoral Language Programme
Authors: Śleszyńska Monika
Published: October 2024

Numerous scientists disseminate their research results in English-medium journals because their careers are often tied to publishing in English. Journal gatekeepers expect them to use correct scientific English in their manuscripts to make them publishable. However, many non-native English-speaking junior researchers do not know how to meet these expectations. The tentative study described in this article investigated the relevance of teaching plain English to Polish research students and its impact on their writing in scientific contexts. To answer three research questions, the Author employed a case study design in which thirteen PhD students at Bialystok University of Technology (Poland) became the participants of the didactic intervention. The study found that teaching plain English should be integrated into the PhD language programme because it brings numerous linguistic and extra-linguistic benefits to research students. Given the scarcity of research on this topic in Polish educational settings, the study may attract interest from scholars researching writing science for publication purposes or from teachers of English in doctoral programmes.
Sucre à la crème
Authors: Charbonneau Patrick
Published: October 2024

Although the emergence of sucre à la crème left little paper trail, various lines of evidence point toward a late 18th -early 19th century origin in rural French-speaking communities of the St. Lawrence River Valley. Successful preparation of the confection relied on a mastery of sugar crystallization, which was common among contemporary maple sugar makers, but few others. Such humble beginnings have colored perceptions of the sweet ever since. Early Canadian cookbooks, which mostly adapted European cuisine to a local context, neglected it. Sucre à la crème nevertheless spread widely. The ubiquity and distinctness of the dish have loaded it with cultural meaning. And yet, many food historians and ethnographers have sought an exogeneous origin for it, thus perpetuating received ideas about the history of Québec eating and drinking. Using a variety of historical and ethnographic sources as well as insight from physical chemistry, this article attempts to redress the history of sucre à la crème.
Acceso a la justicia a través de demandas electrónicas en México
Authors: Álvarez Clara-Luz , Soberanes-Díez José-María , Salazar-Andreu José-Antonio
Published: October 2024

Acceder a la justicia a través de medios electrónicos promete acercar la justicia a la ciudadanía. Sin embargo, no basta con que los poderes judiciales cuenten con plataformas para el juicio en línea si su utilización es marginal. La investigación sobre juicios en línea con apoyo estadístico es escasa. Existe una plataforma que permite presentar demandas electrónicamente ante órganos jurisdiccionales de la República Mexicana desde cualquier parte del mundo que tenga conectividad a internet. Por lo que este artículo analiza la utilización de demandas electrónicas a nivel nacional y a nivel de estados de la República Mexicana de 2019 a 2023, así como su correlación con el Producto Interno Bruto per cápita de servicios profesionales, científicos y técnicos (PIBpc-SPCyT). Con datos oficiales se: 1) analiza la evolución por cada 100 mil habitantes, como proporción del total de demandas y con base en la tasa de crecimiento anual compuesta; y 2) se establece la correlación e impacto de las demandas electrónicas con el PIBpc-SPCyT. Se halló que existe un incremento constante en el uso de las demandas electrónicas y que obedece a distintos factores, así como que hay una correlación directa entre el PIBpc-SPCyT y la presentación de demandas electrónicas.
Chinese University Art Students Negotiating Minzu Visual Design: An Interculturality Art Perspective
Authors: Xiaowen Tian , Dervin Fred , Jacobsson Andreas
Published: October 2024

This paper focuses on Chinese ‘ethnic’ Minzu art education for university undergraduate students, specializing in various subfields of visual arts. Based on data collected during a course on Minzu visual design, analysed visually and discursively, the paper intersects the
notions of Minzu (in reference to the 56 official Minzu groups composing Chinese Mainland) and interculturality (understood here as processes of change when people meet) in art education. In the course, groups of art students cooperate on a visual design project at a top Minzu university in
China, whereby they need to negotiate artistic creations based on one Minzu group. The interest is on the artistic and visual aspects of their creations. The results highlight a form of curiosity for the ‘other’ anthropologically and artistically that does not seem to be satisfied.
As such the students appear to be disappointed by the end products, having found what some refer to as merely superficial Minzu design elements and having had to make changes to them to fit the purpose of the course project. However, interculturality as change in art does happen throughout
the course, especially when the students mixed some elements from different Minzu groups in their design. Recommendations for global arts education, from an intercultural perspective, are drawn.
Equity, Standardization, and Educators’ Perspectives on the Enactment of Large-Scale Standardized Testing: A Case Study of Urban Schools in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Rezai-Rashti Goli M. , Segeren Allison , Abdmolaei Shirin
Published: October 2024

This paper focuses on the perspectives and experiences of teachers in urban high schools in relation to performance-based accountability systems in Ontario, Canada. Drawing on policy enactment theory to capture how standardized testing policies are taken up by teachers, we seek to conceptualize
teachers as front-line policy enactors who play a significant role in the policy process. We capture the complex and differentiated responses to testing policies that teachers in our study took by drawing on the typology of policy actors developed by Ball, Maguire and Braun (2012) that positions
teachers as narrators, enthusiasts, critics, and receivers of policy. This typology is used as a heuristic device to structure the detailed description of policy actors’ work that emerged from our data. This paper provides significant insight into the implications of large-scale standardized
testing policies for educators and equity-deserving students from the perspectives of urban educators.
Different Roles of D1/D2 Medium Spiny Neurons in the Nucleus Accumbens in Pair Bond Formation of Male Mandarin Voles
Authors: Zhang Lizi , Qu Yishan , Young Larry J , Hou Wenjuan , Liu Limin , Liu Jing , Wang Yuqian , Li Lu , Guo Xing , Li Yin , Huang Caihong , Lv Zijian , Li Yitong , Jia Rui , Lian Ting , He Zhixiong , Tai Fadao
Published: October 2024

The mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system has been implicated in pair bond formation. However, involvements of DA release, real time activities, and electrophysiological activities of D1/D2 medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell in pair bonding remain unclear. This work verified that male mandarin voles after pair bonding released higher levels of DA in the NAc shell and displayed higher levels of D1 MSNs activity and lower levels of D2 MSNs activity upon sniffing their partners compared to upon sniffing an unknown female. Moreover, pair bonding induced differential alterations in both synaptic plasticity and neuronal intrinsic excitability in both D1 MSNs and D2 MSNs. In addition, chemogenetic inhibition (activation) of ventral pallidum-projecting D2 MSNs in the NAc shell enhanced (inhibited) pair bond formation, respectively. These findings suggest that different neuronal activity of NAc shell D1 MSNs / D2 MSNs regulated by increasing DA release after pair bonding may be a neurobiological mechanism underlying pair bond formation.
Emerging cooperativity between Oct4 and Sox2 governs the pluripotency network in early mouse embryos
Authors: Hou Yanlin , Nie Zhengwen , Jiang Qi , Velychko Sergiy , Heising Sandra , Bedzhov Ivan , Wu Guangming , Adachi Kenjiro , Scholer Hans R
Published: October 2024

During the first lineage segregation, mammalian embryos generate the inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE). ICM gives rise to the epiblast (EPI) that forms all cell types of the body, an ability referred to as pluripotency. The molecular mechanisms that induce pluripotency in embryos remain incompletely elucidated. Using knockout (KO) mouse models in conjunction with low-input ATAC-seq and RNA-seq, we found that Oct4 and Sox2 gradually come into play in the early ICM, coinciding with the initiation of Sox2 expression. Oct4 and Sox2 activate the pluripotency-related genes through the putative OCT-SOX enhancers in the early ICM. Furthermore, we observed a substantial reorganization of chromatin landscape and transcriptome from the morula to the early ICM stages, which was partially driven by Oct4 and Sox2, highlighting their pivotal role in promoting the developmental trajectory toward the ICM. Our study provides new insights into the establishment of the pluripotency network in mouse preimplantation embryos.
Aligned and oblique dynamics in recurrent neural networks
Authors: Schuessler Friedrich , Mastrogiuseppe Francesca , Ostojic Srdjan , Barak Omri
Published: October 2024

The relation between neural activity and behaviorally relevant variables is at the heart of neuroscience research. When strong, this relation is termed a neural representation. There is increasing evidence, however, for partial dissociations between activity in an area and relevant external variables. While many explanations have been proposed, a theoretical framework for the relationship between external and internal variables is lacking. Here, we utilize recurrent neural networks (RNNs) to explore the question of when and how neural dynamics and the network’s output are related from a geometrical point of view. We find that training RNNs can lead to two dynamical regimes: dynamics can either be aligned with the directions that generate output variables, or oblique to them. We show that the choice of readout weight magnitude before training can serve as a control knob between the regimes, similar to recent findings in feedforward networks. These regimes are functionally distinct. Oblique networks are more heterogeneous and suppress noise in their output directions. They are furthermore more robust to perturbations along the output directions. Crucially, the oblique regime is specific to recurrent (but not feedforward) networks, arising from dynamical stability considerations. Finally, we show that tendencies towards the aligned or the oblique regime can be dissociated in neural recordings. Altogether, our results open a new perspective for interpreting neural activity by relating network dynamics and their output.
CXCR3-expressing myeloid cells recruited to the hypothalamus protect against diet-induced body mass gain and metabolic dysfunction
Authors: Mendes Natalia F , Zanesco Ariane M , Aguiar Cristhiane F , Rodrigues-Luiz Gabriela F , da Silva Dayana C , Campos Jonathan F , Câmara Niels OS , de Moraes-Vieira Pedro MM , de Araújo Eliana P , Velloso Licio A
Published: October 2024

Microgliosis is an important component of diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation in obesity. A few hours after the introduction of a high-fat diet, the mediobasal hypothalamus resident microglia undergo morphological and functional changes toward an inflammatory phenotype. If the consumption of large amounts of dietary fats persists for long periods, bone marrow- derived myeloid cells are recruited and integrated into a new landscape of hypothalamic microglia. However, it is currently unknown what are the transcriptional signatures and specific functions exerted by either resident or recruited subsets of hypothalamic microglia. Here, the elucidation of the transcriptional signatures revealed that resident microglia undergo only minor changes in response to dietary fats; however, under the consumption of a high-fat diet, there are major transcriptional differences between resident and recruited immune cells with major impact on chemotaxis. In addition, in CCR2+ recruited peripheral immune cells, there are major transcriptional differences between females and males with important impact on transcripts involved in neurodegeneration and thermogenesis. The chemokine receptor CXCR3 emerged as one of the components of chemotaxis with the greatest difference between recruited and resident microglia, and thus, was elected for further intervention. The hypothalamic immunoneutralization of CXCL10, one of the ligands for CXCR3, resulted in increased body mass gain and reduced energy expenditure, particularly in females. Furthermore, the chemical inhibition of CXCR3 resulted in a much greater change in phenotype with increased body mass gain, reduced energy expenditure, increased blood leptin, glucose intolerance, and reduced insulin. Thus, this study has elucidated the transcriptional differences between resident microglia and recruited immune cells in diet-induced obesity, identifying chemokines as a relevant subset of genes undergoing regulation. In addition, we showed that a subset of recruited immune cells expressing CXCR3 has a protective, rather than a detrimental role in the metabolic outcomes promoted by the consumption of a high-fat diet, thus, establishing a new concept in obesity-associated hypothalamic inflammation.
AI-based automated breast cancer segmentation in ultrasound imaging based on Attention Gated Multi ResU-Net
Authors: Ding Ting , Shi Kaimai , Pan Zhaoyan , Ding Cheng
Published: October 2024

Breast cancer is a leading cause of death among women worldwide, making early detection and diagnosis critical for effective treatment and improved patient outcomes. Ultrasound imaging is a common diagnostic tool for breast cancer, but interpreting ultrasound images can be challenging due to the complexity of breast tissue and the variability of image quality. This study proposed an Attention Gated Multi ResU-Net model for medical image segmentation tasks, that has shown promising results for breast cancer ultrasound image segmentation. The model’s multi-scale feature extraction and attention-gating mechanism enable it to accurately identify and segment areas of abnormality in the breast tissue, such as masses, cysts, and calcifications. The model’s quantitative test showed an adequate degree of agreement with expert manual annotations, demonstrating its potential for improving early identification and diagnosis of breast cancer. The model’s multi-scale feature extraction and attention-gating mechanism enable it to accurately identify and segment areas of abnormality in the breast tissue, such as masses, cysts, and calcifications, achieving a Dice coefficient of 0.93, sensitivity of 93%, and specificity of 99%. These results underscore the model’s high precision and reliability in medical image analysis.
Spatial patterns and driving factors of plant diversity along the urban–rural gradient in the context of urbanization in Zhengzhou, China
Authors: Zhang Lingling , Du Chong , Li Wenhan , Liu Yongjiang , Zhang Ge , Xie Shanshan , Liu Yiping , Kong Dezheng
Published: October 2024

Plant diversity is the basis for human survival and development, directly affecting the function and stability of urban ecosystems. Its distribution pattern and causes have been a central issue in ecological and landscape gardening research. Rapid urbanization in Zhengzhou City has led to the fragmentation of urban green spaces and damage to ecosystems, seriously affecting urban biodiversity conservation. Understanding the distribution pattern of plant diversity in the region and its relationship with environmental factors is crucial for maintaining and enhancing urban plant diversity. Plant data from 178 sample plots in the built-up area of Zhengzhou City were collected and combined with environmental factors, and the characteristics of plant diversity, richness patterns, and their main environmental explanations in Zhengzhou City were explored. Results showed that there were 596 plant species belonging to 357 genera and 110 families in the study area. There were five dominant families and four dominant genera. Four distinct spatial patterns of plant diversity were identified along the urban–rural gradient. Urbanization factors such as GDP per capita, house prices, and imperviousness within 500 m from the patch significantly influenced plant diversity. There was an imbalance between the spatial pattern of plant diversity and application of urban landscape greening in Zhengzhou City. Future studies should focus on the application of native plants, curb plant homogenization, and reduce anthropogenic interference, which are conducive to protecting and enhancing urban plant diversity. These results can provide a basis for understanding the distribution pattern and influence mechanism of urbanization factors on plant diversity and serve as a reference for policymakers and planners of plant diversity conservation in Zhengzhou City.
Diversidad genética en las pináceas de Norteamérica: una revisión actual
Authors: Ortiz-Martínez Alfredo , Moreno-Letelier Alejandra , Delgado-Valerio Patricia , Piñero Daniel , Ortiz-Martínez Carlos , Vázquez-Lobo Alejandra
Published: October 2024

En Norteamérica la diversidad genética de Abies, Picea, Pinus y Pseudotsuga ha sido analizada con marcadores moleculares de naturaleza codominante y dominante, usando para ello la información de los genomas nucleares, mitocondriales y de cloroplasto. El objetivo de este trabajo fue hacer una revisión de las investigaciones recientes que evalúan la diversidad genética de Pinaceae de Norteamérica (1997-2022), así como analizar los procesos evolutivos que explican esta diversidad genética. Los estudios revisados sugieren que la diversidad genética es mayor dentro de las poblaciones y menor entre poblaciones. Los procesos microevolutivos como la deriva génica o el flujo génico son centrales para mantener o no cohesivas a las especies. La deriva génica y la endogamia juegan un papel importante en las poblaciones que tienen una distribución fragmentada o restringida, donde el flujo génico entre poblaciones es limitado incrementando su diferenciación genética. Por ello, estos parámetros genéticos deben considerarse para priorizar estrategias de conservación in situ. Monitorear el tamaño efectivo de las poblaciones, cuantificar la diversidad y estructura genética y estudiar los procesos microevolutivos neutrales y adaptativos son relevantes para la conservación de la familia Pinaceae de Norteamérica.
Maternal Mortality Resulting from Signet-ring Cell Carcinoma of the Sigmoid Colon Presenting as Bilateral Krukenberg Tumours: A Case Report
Authors: Fernandes Gwendolyn , Patil Manali , Gupta Sonal
Published: October 2024

Krukenberg Tumours (KTs) during pregnancy are extremely rare, difficult to diagnose, and have a grave prognosis. Authors hereby, report an autopsy case of a 23-year-old primigravida at 29 weeks of gestation who presented at a tertiary care centre with preterm labour. She complained of severe abdominal pain, backache, and vaginal leakage for the past two days. Physical examination revealed an oedematous abdominal wall and a gravid uterus measuring 34 weeks, as the tumours could not be palpated separately. She underwent a normal vaginal delivery and delivered a live female foetus weighing 1.6 kg. However, she developed septicaemia and, on the fifth postnatal day, progressed to loss of consciousness and subsequently died. A complete autopsy was performed. Her past medical history indicated that at 20 weeks of gestation, bilateral ovarian masses were detected and biopsied. The biopsy revealed high-grade metastatic adenocarcinomas that were positive for CK20 and Epithelial Membrane Antigen (EMA) but negative for CK7, Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and CD10, suggesting a primary tumour in the gastrointestinal tract. The autopsy revealed a signet-ring cell carcinoma of the sigmoid colon, along with bilateral large KTs and peritoneal metastasis.
Effectiveness of Maitland Mobilisation on Pain and Function in Individuals with Mechanical Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gill Geeta , Jagga Vinay , Pal Sajjan
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Mechanical Low Back Pain (MLBP) is a prevalent condition that significantly impacts individuals’ quality of life and healthcare systems worldwide. The management of MLBP has explored various manual therapy techniques, including Maitland mobilisation; however, the immediate effects and comparative efficacy of these techniques remain subjects of ongoing investigation. Aim: To evaluate the immediate effects of Maitland mobilisation compared to other manual therapy techniques on flexion and extension Range of Motion (ROM) in patients with MLBP. Materials and Methods: The present systematic review involved a comprehensive search of electronic databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, from January 2017 to March 2024. The search utilised the keywords “Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs)”, “Maitland mobilisation”, and “mechanical low back pain”. Studies comparing the immediate effects of Maitland mobilisation with other manual therapy techniques on flexion and extension ROM in patients with MLBP were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed using established protocols. Results: Nine studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The findings revealed that Maitland mobilisation demonstrated significant immediate effects on both flexion and extension ROM in patients with MLBP. Improvements were particularly noted in lumbar flexion following Maitland mobilisation, while lumbar extension showed greater enhancement after specific techniques such as Posteroanterior (PA) mobilisation. Additionally, combination therapies, such as core stability exercises coupled with Maitland manual therapy, showed promising results in reducing disability associated with MLBP. Conclusion: This review investigated the immediate effects of Maitland mobilisation on ROM in MLBP. While some studies indicated improvements in ROM, the evidence for its effectiveness compared to other interventions and its longterm impact on pain and function remains unclear. Future welldesigned studies are needed to definitively assess the role of Maitland mobilisation in the management of MLBP
Evaluation of Gender-Specific Variation in Lead-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Rats
Authors: Abdulwakeel Lawal Onaopepo , Funke Ige Serah , Inioluwa Alabi , Opeyemi Owolabi Gbenga
Published: October 2024

The heavy metal lead is toxic and triggers oxidative stress mediated toxicity in many organs, including the liver. This study aimed to evaluate the gender-specific variation in lead-induced hepatotoxicity in wistar rats. 10 male and 10 female Wistar rats (180-220g) were each divided into 2 groups (n=5 each): Control (M), Lead alone (M), Control (F), Lead alone (F). Male and female rats of the experimental groups administered a daily dose of 100 mg/kg/BW of lead acetate dispersed in distilled water for 21 days. All rats were anaesthesized and sacrificed 24 hours after the last administration. Blood was collected through cardiac puncture for biochemical analysis. Liver tissue was also collected, homogenized and analyzed for antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase), lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde). Results showed that the weight gain difference in lead alone (F) group is decreased significantly compared to the lead alone (M) group (p<0.01). Lead acetate induced oxidative damage, demonstrated by a significantly decreased antioxidant enzymes, significantly increased lipid peroxidation in both male and female experimental groups but these was more significant (p<0.05) in female than male. The findings also revealed that lead exposure induced hepatotoxicity with a significant increase in liver function markers. Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) levels in the lead alone (M) and lead alone (F) group were also increased when compared to their respective control groups (p<0.05). Furthermore, the albumin and total protein level were significantly decreased in this study (p<0.05) when compared with their control groups. The study concludes that liver exposure induced hepatotoxicity in both male and female rat but more significantly advanced in female than the male. This advancement might have been mediated by the more lead-induced oxidative stress exhibited in the female than male rats.
Discussion
Authors: Hill Ian , Gamble Michelle
Published: October 2024

An archaeological watching brief was undertaken at the Jedburgh Abbey Rampart during repair and construction works to consolidate and secure the ‘rampart’ wall and its face, both of which had begun to deteriorate and fail. The watching brief followed on from earlier works to investigate the construction of the ‘rampart’, which had revealed the presence of disarticulated skeletal remains behind the wall. The excavations undertaken during the repair works have helped to infer the methods employed for the construction of the ‘rampart’, likely dating to the late 18th century. During construction several burials of the former Low Kirkyard were disturbed and displaced, with the disarticulated remains of several skeletons found within the construction deposits. The watching brief also revealed the remains of five burials that were partially disturbed during construction, with skeletal remains dating from the 15th century onwards. Disturbance to earlier graves, not disturbed by the construction, were also identified, the results of which indicate changing attitudes to skeletal remains through the post medieval and early modern periods.
Archaeological results
Authors: Hill Ian , Gamble Michelle
Published: October 2024

An archaeological watching brief was undertaken at the Jedburgh Abbey Rampart during repair and construction works to consolidate and secure the ‘rampart’ wall and its face, both of which had begun to deteriorate and fail. The watching brief followed on from earlier works to investigate the construction of the ‘rampart’, which had revealed the presence of disarticulated skeletal remains behind the wall. The excavations undertaken during the repair works have helped to infer the methods employed for the construction of the ‘rampart’, likely dating to the late 18th century. During construction several burials of the former Low Kirkyard were disturbed and displaced, with the disarticulated remains of several skeletons found within the construction deposits. The watching brief also revealed the remains of five burials that were partially disturbed during construction, with skeletal remains dating from the 15th century onwards. Disturbance to earlier graves, not disturbed by the construction, were also identified, the results of which indicate changing attitudes to skeletal remains through the post medieval and early modern periods.