bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of RNA Editing in Conserved Sequence Blocks of the Trypanosomatid RPS12 Gene
Authors: Gerasimov E. S , Rudenskaya Yu. A , Bryushkova E. A , Korzhavina O. A , Kolesnikov A. A
Published: December 2024

The RPS12 gene in the mitochondrial genome encodes the important protein from the small ribosomal subunit. The transcript of this gene in a number of organisms can undergo RNA editing, for instance it is edited actively in all tripanosomatida. In this study, a comparison between the sequences of edited mRNA and tertiary structures of the proteins when mRNA were translated from some of the members of Tripanosomatidae family showed that tertiary structures of the RPS12 gene remained unchanged in all species while only two short conserved regions were found in the primary structure of the gene. By means of computer modeling it was demonstrated that the found regions encode amino acids turned to the direction of the decoding center of ribosome. The nature of editing patterns demonstrates that evolutionary conservation of these regions is independent of the editing process and, moreover, the evolutionary tendencies on the reduction of editing process in a number of sites was seen within the conserved sites of the RPS12 gene.
Transport of Glycerol Through the Human Sperm Membrane during Cryopreservation
Authors: Ivanova A. A , Leonov I. I , Gnilozub-Volobueva E. S , Ovchinnikov M. A , Yakovenko S. A , Simonenko E. Yu
Published: December 2024

Cryopreservation of biological material is an important task in many areas of biology and medicine especially for assisted reproductive technologies. Cryoprotective media including cell-penetrating and non-penetrating components are used for effective cryopreservation of cells. Usually glycerin in various concentrations acts as a penetrating component. However, elucidating the mechanisms of the cryoprotective action of these compounds as well as increasing the proportion of surviving cells after cryopreservation remain urgent objective of cryobiology. The work examines the mechanism of glycerol transfer through sperm membranes with the participation of aquaporins using the method of mathematical modeling. The presented model describes dynamics of changes in sperm volume depending on the concentration of glycerol and sucrose in the cryoprotective medium. As a result of the analysis the characteristic time for establishing equilibrium between the studied cryoprotective medium and cells was calculated and amounts to t = 80 s in the presence of glycerol 12% vol. The concentration of sucrose (0.16 M) at which the cell returns to its original volume after incubation in a cryoprotective medium was determined. It has been shown that human sperm can contain 6750 AQP7 with a permeability PAQP7 = 0.00366 µm3/s. The experiments performed showed an increase in the sperm motility index when correcting the concentration of sucrose in the solution according to the modeling results.
Protective Effect of Low-Intensity Extremely High-Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation on an Experimental Model of Intestinal Dysbacteriosis in Laboratory Rats
Authors: Gapeyev A. B , Kulagina T. P , Zhukova E. S , Aripovsky A. V , Pozdnyakova M. A
Published: December 2024

An experimental model of dysbacteriosis caused by gentamicin sulfate, an antibiotic, was used to investigate the effect of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation of extremely high-frequencies (42.2 GHz, 0.1 mW/cm2, pulse modulation by a meander with a frequency of 1 Hz, exposure duration 30 min per day for 10 consecutive days, starting from the fourth day after the induction of dysbacteriosis) on the fatty acid composition of the thymus, blood plasma, activity of antioxidant enzymes, the amount of malondialdehyde and lactate in blood of laboratory rats. A significant decrease in the amount of myristic, palmitic, stearic, palmitoleic, oleic and linoleic fatty acids in the thymus in animals was shown. The activity of antioxidant enzymes, the amount of fatty acids and malondialdehyde in the blood remained unchanged. Lactate level in blood plasma decreased. Irradiation was shown to result in normalization of the fatty acid composition of the thymus and the amount of lactate in plasma in animals with dysbacteriosis. Due to its high efficacy, low-intensity extremely high-frequency electromagnetic radiation knowing certain parameters in dysbiosis opens up fundamentally new possibilities that could use these frequency spectrum bands to prevent and treat a number of pathological conditions associated with dysbiosis.
Nitrosonium Cation as an Antitumor Component of Dinitrosyl Iron Complexes with Thiol-Containing Ligands
Authors: Vanin A. F , Ostrovskaya L. A , Korman D. B , Rykova V. A , Bluhterova N. V , Fomina M. M , Mikoyan V. D , Tkachev N. A
Published: December 2024

The combination of two compounds such as the binuclear form of dinitrosyl iron complexes with glutathione (B-DNIC-G, 100 µM/kg, s/c) and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DETK, 500 µM/kg, i/p), administered eight times, causes two week-lasting complete inhibition of solid tumor development in mice after tumor transplantation (Lewis lung carcinoma). However, when the antitumor effect was evaluated on the 20th day after the end of drug administration, the maximum activityinhibition of tumor growth by 60% − was observed when drugs were administered in the order DETK, and then after an hour B-DNIC-G, while when drugs were used in reverse order, tumor growth inhibition was not greater than 30%. Based on the analysis of EPR measurements of tumor tissues (day 15 of tumor development), it was concluded that the inhibition of tumor growth was caused by nitrosonium cations released from B-DNIC-G during the breakdown of these complexes under the action of DETC. .
The Effect of Soil Buffering Capacity on the Transformation of Lead and Cadmium Compounds
Authors: Burachevskaya M. V. , Minkina T. M. , Mandzhieva S. S. , Bauer T. V. , Kirichkov M. V. , Nevidomskaya D. G. , Zamulina I. V.
Published: December 2024

The aim of the work is to study the transformation of priority pollutants Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) in soils with different buffering capacities and pollution levels. The object of the study is the southern Chernozem (Haplic Chernozem) carbonate-heavy loamy soil, selected from a virgin site in the Rostov region, with a layer of 0 –20 cm. Lead and Cd nitrates were introduced separately in doses of 2, 5, and 10 approximately permissible concentrations (APC) of metal (for Pb 130 mg/kg and for Cd 2 mg/kg) into soil samples of the model experiment containing quartz sand in the ratios 1:0.25, 1:0.5, and 1:0.75 from the mass of the soil. The assessment of the buffer capacity of soils in relation to Pb and Cd was carried out according to the method of V.B. Ilyin (1995), based on the content of physical clay, humus, carbonates, R2O3, and pH. The ability of soils to firmly bound Pb and Cd was studied based on the results of the fractional group composition of metals using a combined fractionation method. In uncontaminated southern heavy loamy Chernozem, the buffering capacity of soils in relation to Pb and Cd is high and is ensured by the strong retention of metals by silicates and clay minerals (50 –64% of the sum of fractions). Dilution of the initial soil with quartz sand reduces its buffering capacity from high to medium and low. When soil is polluted, organic matter plays the most active role in the interaction with Pb, as in the case of Cd–Fe–Mn oxides. With a decrease in soil buffering and an increase in pollution, the group of loosely bound compounds increases by 6 –54%, mainly due to complex compounds in the case of Pb and exchangeable and specifically sorbed with Fe–Mn oxides in the case of Cd. At a dose of 10 APC of Pb, the gradation of soil buffering changes from low to very low. The data obtained are important for the prediction and normalization of soil pollution with various physico-chemical properties.
Metrological Aspects of Studying the Granulometric Composition of Soil According to The Method of N.A. Kachinsky
Authors: Vanchikova E. V. , Lapteva E. M. , Vasilyeva N. A. , Kondratenok B. M. , Shamrikova E. V.
Published: December 2024

Based on a significant volume of soil samples of various genesis presented on the territory of the Komi Republic, a study of their granulometric composition (GC) was carried out in accordance with the Kachinsky method (MK). Calculated, procedural, random and systematic factors influencing the precision and correctness of measurement results performed in accordance with the MK prescription are considered. The influence of sample preparation (the degree of grinding of soil samples) and procedures for measuring the mass fraction of elementary soil particles (ESP) on the quality of the results of studying soil GS was assessed. The instability of measuring the mass fraction of fine sand (0.05–0.25 mm) and coarse dust (0.01–0.05 mm) fractions when using the MK recipe was shown. The dependence of the uncertainty of measurement results, caused by random factors, on the mass fraction of ECPs included in the granulometric fractions is noted – the lower the mass fraction of ECPs in the composition of the fractions, the higher the uncertainty of the measurement results. A modification of the Kaczynski method (MMK) has been developed to improve the quality of soil HS assessment results. It includes: (1) separation of fine sand particles using a sieve with a mesh diameter of 0.05 mm (instead of calculating this fraction by difference according to the MK recipe); (2) use of scales of the first class of accuracy to measure the mass fraction of dust and sludge particles; (3) control of the HS research process based on the summation of the measured values of the mass fraction of ESP of six fractions and acid-soluble compounds (losses from HCl treatment). The standard for operational control of the mass fraction of the amount of ECP after dividing them into fractions is (100 ± 5)%. A metrological study of the Kaczynski technique and its modifications was carried out. The proposed modification of Kaczynski’s technique made it possible to reduce the uncertainty in the measurement results of the mass fraction of ECP of small fractions (ωn 10%) and shift the lower limit of measurements to 1%.
MODELING OF ICE-WATER PHASE TRANSITION IN A PIPE WITH SMALL ICE BUILDUPS ON THE WALL
Authors: Gaidukov R. K. , Danilov V. G.
Published: December 2024

The mathematical modeling of the ice-water phase transition during fluid flow inside a pipe with a small ice buildup on the wall at high Reynolds numbers is considered. As a mathematical model describing the dynamics of the phase transition, a double-deck boundary layer model and a phase field system are used. The results of numerical simulation are presented.
СОЦИАЛЬНО-ГУМАНИТАРНОЕ ЗНАНИЕ - ШКОЛА И ОБЩЕСТВО
Authors: ГОРОХОВ С.А.
Published: December 2024

В сборник вошли доклады, сделанные на пленарных и секционных заседаниях, круглых столах VII межвузовской студенческой научнопрактической конференции «Социально-гуманитарное знание - школа и общество», проведенной в Институте социально-гуманитарного образования Московского педагогического государственного университета 20 марта 2023 года. Издание адресовано специалистам-исследователям, студентам и аспирантам.
МЕТОДИЧЕСКОЕ СОПРОВОЖДЕНИЕ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ПРОФИЛЬНЫХ ПСИХОЛОГО-ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИХ КЛАССОВ
Authors: ПАВЛОВА А.Б. , ТРУХМАНОВА Е.Н.
Published: December 2024

В учебно-методическом пособии раскрываются основные аспекты методического сопровождения занятий в профильных психолого-педагогических классах общеобразовательных организаций, ориентирующие старшеклассников на выбор педагогических специальностей. Содержание пособия способствует развитию у обучающихся конкретных представлений о значимости блока психолого-педагогических дисциплин для их освоения в учебных целях.

Учебно-методическое пособие содержит теоретическое обоснование и структурированные учебно-методические материалы для реализации профильного обучения в психолого-педагогических классах.

Пособие адресовано учителям и психологам, работающим в профильных психолого-педагогических классах общеобразовательных организаций, может быть использовано преподавателями психолого-педагогических дисциплин при построении соответствующих курсов, студентами педагогических вузов, обучающимися по направлениям 44.03.01 Педагогическое образование, 44.03.05 Педагогическое образование (с двумя профилями подготовки), 37.03.01 Психология.
ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ВНЕУРОЧНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ОБУЧАЮЩИХСЯ С ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНЫМИ НАРУШЕНИЯМИ: ТЕХНИКА ОРИГАМИ
Authors: ТУШЕВА Е.С. , СИЗОВА А.В. , ТКАЧЕНКО А.В. , ФЕДУЛОВА Д.А.
Published: December 2024

В учебно-методическом пособии представлены методические рекомендации по изготовлению и обыгрыванию поделок в технике оригами. Организационно-методическое сопровождение распространяется на внеурочную деятельность обучающихся с интеллектуальными нарушениями. Пособие адресовано педагогам-дефектологам и специалистам дополнительного образования студентам и магистрантам. Будет полезно родителям детей с особыми потребностями.
СОЦИАЛЬНО-ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ПЕДАГОГА
Authors: МИЦКЕВИЧ А.Н.
Published: December 2024

Учебное пособие адресовано студентам, обучающимся по программам базового и специального высшего образования по направлениям «Психология», «Психолого-педагогическое образование» и «Педагогическое образование» в соответствии с требованиями Федерального государственного образовательного стандарта высшего профессионального образования по курсу «Психология труда», «Психология профессиональной деятельности». В пособии изложены социально-психологические основы систематизированных знаний по вопросам становления и развития научно-теоретических взглядов на природу и содержание профессиональной деятельности педагога в современных условиях, методологического анализа его профессиональной деятельности, становления личности, общения и эффективного взаимодействия в организации. Учебное пособие заинтересует и будет полезно студентам, аспирантам, преподавателям вузов, учителям школ, администрации образовательных учреждений, а также лицам, нацеленным на повышение эффективности учебного и воспитательного процесса в своей образовательной организации. Использующиеся в учебном пособии материалы прошли апробацию в Институте физической культуры и спорта, Институте изящных искусств, а также Институте педагогики и психологии МПГУ в 2014–2024 учебных годах.
PENGARUH KEPEMILIKAN ASING, KONSENTRASI KEPEMILIKAN, KEPEMILIKAN INSTITUSIONAL TERHADAP FINANCIAL DISTRESS PADA PERUSAHAAN SEKTOR PROPERTY DAN REAL ESTATE YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA TAHUN 2013-2022
Authors: Ma'dika Srianingsi , Utomo Rochmad Bayu
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kepemilikan asing, konsentrasi kepemilikan, dan kepemilikan institusional terhadap financial distress pada perusahaan sektor property dan real estate periode 2013-2022. Data yang digunakan bersumber dari data annual report di Bursa Efek Indonesia dan situs stockbit dan telah dilakukan seleksi berdasarkan kriteria yang telah ditentukan. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan sektor property dan real estate yang berjumlah 92 perusahaan, dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling maka sampel yang didapatkan sebanyak 10 perusahaan. kriteria financial distress pada penelitian ini diukur dengan menggunakan Interest Coverage Ratio (ICR) dengan kriteria nilai kurang dari satu. Alat analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Analisis Regresi Berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepemilikan Institusional berpengaruh terhadap terjadinya financial distress. Sedangkan kepemilikan asing dan konsentrasi kepemilikan tidak berpengaruh terhadap terjadinya financial distress.
Spectral observations of geostationary satellites at the Assy-Turgen Observatory in Kazakhstan
Authors: Serebryanskiy A.V. , Omarov Ch.T. , Aimanova G.K. , Krugov M.A.
Published: December 2024

Spectral and photometric observations are a unique tool for studying the Resident Space Objects (RSO). Spectral observations are of particular value. They are precious sources of information in identifying and classifying RSO by their spectral features and studying the variation of these features caused by the influence of space weathering. The paper we present shows the results of the geostationary satellite (GEO) reflection spectra analysis. We use spectral observations to analyze reflective spectra and relevant parameters to develop the methodology of satellite identification. Spectral observations were obtained on the spectrograph mounted on a 1.5-meter telescope AZT-20 of the Assy-Turgen Observatory. Photometric characteristics derived from spectral observations show signs of dependence on the platform of a satellite and its service life in orbit. Comparison of observed and model reflective spectra indicates the possibility of identifying the satellite shape and its composite materials. The results of the work will be of interest for the study of space weathering on materials, will allow us to better understand the situation in GEO orbits, and refine the methods for near-miss events prediction, taking into account the geometry of objects and the properties of their surfaces.
МЫРЫШ-ФОСФАТТЫ ЦЕМЕНТІ АГРЕССИВТІ ОРТАНЫҢ ӘСЕРІНЕН ХИМИЯЛЫҚ ТӨЗІМДІЛІГІН ЗЕРТТЕУ
Authors: Абдуллин А. , Жаникулов Н. , Таймасов Б. , Потапова Е.
Published: December 2024

Ғылыми мақалада синтезделген мырыш-фосфатты цементті агрессивті ортаның әсерінен химиялық төзімділігін зерттеу бойынша нәтижелер келтірілген. 1000 °С температурада 4 сағат күйдіріліп алынған мырыш-фосфатты цементтің құрамы: ZnO - 83,0 %, MgO - 9,0 %, SiO2 - 3,5 %, Bi2O3 - 3,0 %, фосфор шлагы - 1,5 % тұрады. МФЦті шарлы диірменде ұнтақтаудан кейінгі үлестік беті 3345 см2/г тең болды. Үлгілерді формаға қалыптау үшін дайындалған қоспада цемент/ерітінді қатынасы Ц/Е=0,3 алынды. Ұстасу мерзімінің басталуы 6 мин, ал аяқталуы 9 мин құрады. Мырыш-фосфатты цемент үлгілерді агрессивті ортаның әсерінен химиялық төзімділігін анықтау үшін беріктік шегі тексерілді. Нәтижесінде 10 % сүт қышқылында – 98,8 МПа, 5 % NaCl ерітіндісінде – 100,1 МПа және газдалған суда – 104,4 МПа болды. Рентгенофазалық талдау нәтижесінде мырыш-фосфатты цемент құрамында цинцит (ZnO) минералы - 52,3 %, периклаз (MgO) минералы - 32,9 % және кварц (SiO2) минералы - 14,8 % мөлшерінде анықталды. Электронды микроскопиялық талдау нәтижесінде мырыш-фосфатты цемент құрамында: ZnО – 87,06 %, CaО – 0,57 %, SiО2 – 4,36 %,  Al2О3  – 0,64 %, MgО – 7,37 % анықталды. Осылайша, мырыш-фосфатты цемент беріктігіне агрессивті орта 10 % сүт қышқылы – 8,0 %, 5 % NaCl – 6,8 % және газдалған су – 2,8 % төмендетті. Сондай-ақ, мырыш-фосфатты цементтің минералогиялық құрамында, оның суды сіңіруі, шөгу процесінде өзгерістердің болмағандығын көрсетті. Микроқұрылымдық талдау нәтижесінде мырыш-фосфатты цемент құрамында аморфты фаза анықталды. Фаза ортофосфор қышқылымен реакцияға түспеген аморфты фосфат матрицасындағы мырыш оксидінің (ZnO) артық бөлшектерінен тұрады. МФЦ микроқұрылымды кристалдардың кең кеуектілігі анықталды, кеуектілік өлшемі 1-5 мкм құрады. Бұл зерттеуді Қазақстан Республикасы Ғылым және жоғары білім министрлігінің Ғылым коминеті қаржыландырды (грант №АР22683868 – Қазақстанның стоматологиялық қажеттіліктері үшін мырыш-фосфатты композициялық цементтің құрамын зерттеу және әзірлеу»).
Comparative analysis of the results of modeling the rolling process of hot-rolled sheet in the QForm VX environment with technical characteristics of the LPK of Uzmetkombinat JSC
Authors: Olimzhonov Zh. O. , Sherbutaev N. I. , Tataru A. S.
Published: December 2024

In accordance with the decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PP 459 dated 12.28.2022 “On measures to implement the Investment Program of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2023–2025”, the project “Construction of a Foundry and rolling complex” is being implemented at Uzmetkombinat JSC. The project is being implemented in order to accelerate the development of economic sectors of the Republic of Uzbekistan, expand and modernize production capacities, widely introduce modern technologies into industry and services, increase production of export-oriented and import-substituting products with high added value, accelerate investment processes and actively attract foreign direct investment to the regions, as well as create highly paid jobs and ensuring employment of the population. Hot-rolled sheets are used in construction, mechanical engineering, and other sectors, and they are made of special steels with different physico-chemical and mechanical properties. In this research paper, an analysis of the methodology for calculating the parameters of rolling a hot-rolled strip of low-carbon steel on a wide-band 1600 mill was carried out, based on the results of the analysis, a computer program was developed for fast calculation of rolling parameters. A solid-state model was built and modeling of the rolling process in the QForm environment was performed. Based on the simulation results, a comparative analysis was carried out with the passport data of the Danieli agribusiness. The obtained simulation results do not exceed the maximum permissible values for the rolling force and geometric parameters of the hot-rolled strip.
função social do imóvel rural e a regularização fundiária na Amazônia
Authors: Pinheiro Ana Paula do Nascimento , Benatti José Heder
Published: December 2024

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar as implicações da decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal na Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade 3865 para a regularização fundiária de imóveis rurais na Amazônia. Utilizando um raciocínio dedutivo, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica sobre direito agrário, ambiental, função social da propriedade e decisões judiciais. Adotando uma perspectiva crítica e abrangente, o estudo examinou o conceito de função social da propriedade rural, concluindo que o STF determinou que, mesmo sendo produtivo, o imóvel rural deve cumprir sua função social para evitar desapropriação destinada à reforma agrária. Observou-se também que as legislações do Estado do Pará e Federal sobre regularização fundiária na Amazônia Legal não exigem expressamente a observância da função social. Contudo, interpretando sistematicamente a Constituição e seguindo o entendimento da ADI 3865, conclui-se que a função social é indispensável para a regularização fundiária na região.
Real-Time 3D Object Detection Using InnovizOne LiDAR and Low-Power Hailo-8 AI Accelerator
Authors: Krispin-Avraham Itay , Orfaig Roy , Bobrovsky Ben-Zion
Published: December 2024

Object detection is a significant field in autonomous driving. Popular sensors for this task include cameras and LiDAR sensors. LiDAR sensors offer several advantages, such as insensitivity to light changes, like in a dark setting (Figure 2) and the ability to provide 3D information in the form of point clouds, which include the ranges of objects. However, 3D detection methods, such as PointPillars[1], typically require high-power hardware. Additionally, most common spinning LiDARs are sparse and may not achieve the desired quality of object detection in front of the car. In this paper, we present the feasibility of performing real-time 3D object detection of cars using 3D point clouds from a LiDAR sensor, processed and deployed on a low-power Hailo-8 AI accelerator[2]. The LiDAR sensor used in this study is theInnovizOne sensor[3], which captures objects in higher quality compared to spinning LiDAR techniques, especially for distant objects. We successfully achieved real-time inference at a rate of approximately 5Hz with a high accuracy of 0.91% F1 score, with only  -0.2% degradation compared to running the same model on an NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2080 Ti[4]. This work demonstrates that effective real-time 3D object detection can be achieved on low-cost, low-power hardware, representing a significant step towards more accessible autonomous driving technologies. The source code and the pre-trained models are available at https://github.com/AIROTAU/PointPillarsHailoInnoviz/tree/main.
Fair Diagnosis: Leveraging Causal Modeling to Mitigate Medical Bias
Authors: Tian Bowei , He Yexiao , Liu Meng , Dai Yucong , Wang Ziyao , He Shwai , Sun Guoheng , Shen Zheyu , Ye Wanghao , Wu Yongkai , Li Ang
Published: December 2024

In medical image analysis, model predictions can be affected by sensitive attributes, such as race and gender, leading to fairness concerns and potential biases in diagnostic outcomes. To mitigate this, we present a causal modeling framework, which aims to reduce the impact of sensitive attributes on diagnostic predictions. Our approach introduces a novel fairness criterion, Diagnosis Fairness, and a unique fairness metric, leveraging path-specific fairness to control the influence of demographic attributes, ensuring that predictions are primarily informed by clinically relevant features rather than sensitive attributes. By incorporating adversarial perturbation masks, our framework directs the model to focus on critical image regions, suppressing bias-inducing information. Experimental results across multiple datasets demonstrate that our framework effectively reduces bias directly associated with sensitive attributes while preserving diagnostic accuracy. Our findings suggest that causal modeling can enhance both fairness and interpretability in AI-powered clinical decision support systems.
Values and guidelines regarding the preservation of the health of the population in the surveillance zone of NPP during martial law
Authors: Ozerova Yu.Yu. , Prylypko V.A. , Morozova M.M.
Published: December 2024

The aim: to study the value orientations and guidelines of the population of the surveillance zone of NPP and to determine their significance in the problem of health preservation during martial law.

Materials and methods. The place of health in the individual hierarchy of terminal and instrumental values; social guidelines regarding its preservation. Factors affecting health; viability and degree of responsibility for one’s life. The survey was conducted among the adult population of the surveillance zone of the Southern-Ukrainian NPP of the Voznesensk district of the Mykolaiv region. Sociological, socio-psychological, analytical, mathematical research methods are applied.

Results. Guidelines for maintaining health are in full compliance with the chosen component integrity of values-goals and values-means. In the І group of respondents, where health is the most important thing in life, the main terminal and instrumental value is health. In the І group, there is uncertainty regarding control over one’s life, which during the war has a negative effect on the general vitality of a person both in the mental and physical dimensions. In the II group, where the main social guideline is the well-being of the family, the main terminal value is a happy family life, and the tools of achievement are health and material wealth. In the III and IV groups, where health is equal to all other spheres of life and is declared as a life without limitations, a person chooses independence and freedom as the main value, and perseverance and hard work as a tool.

Conclusions. For the rural population, the value of health is at the same time the main goal in life and a tool for achieving one’s life's goal. For the urban population, the main goal in life is independence, freedom, and as a means - perseverance and hard work. Choice of health value correlates with factors of health concern. The choice of independence and freedom as the goal of one’s existence during the war directly affects the formation of vitality and is a combination of a change of consciousness and concentration of life resources. With the beginning of the war, a restructuring of the hierarchy of terminal values took place - the value of independence and freedom moved from 5-th place before the war to 2-nd place.
API Rate Limiting Mechanisms in SaaS Applications: A Systematic Analysis of DDoS Protection Strategies
Authors: Muthukrishnan Manoharan
Published: December 2024

This article comprehensively analyzes API rate-limiting mechanisms as a critical defense strategy against Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks in Software as a Service (SaaS) applications through systematic evaluation of three primary rate-limiting algorithms. The article examines Token Bucket, Leaky Bucket, and Sliding Window's efficacy in protecting modern API infrastructures. The article synthesizes data from multiple case studies across diverse SaaS deployments, demonstrating a 94% reduction in successful DDoS attempts when implementing context-aware rate limiting compared to traditional IP-based approaches. The article particularly focuses on the performance implications of different rate-limiting strategies, revealing that sliding window implementations offer an optimal balance between security and legitimate request processing, with only a 2.3% false positive rate for high-traffic scenarios. Furthermore, the article proposes a novel framework for implementing adaptive rate limiting that dynamically adjusts thresholds based on historical traffic patterns and real-time threat analysis. The findings suggest that while all examined algorithms provide baseline protection, the implementation choice significantly impacts security efficacy and service availability. These insights contribute to the growing knowledge of API security and provide practical guidelines for implementing robust rate-limiting mechanisms in enterprise-scale SaaS environments.
Análisis del proyecto de intervención de capacitación para la implementación del enfoque pedagógico híbrido en instituciones de educación superior
Authors: Gazca Herrera Luis Alejandro , Mejía Gracia César Augusto , Otero Escobar Alma Delia
Published: December 2024

Este estudio aborda el análisis del proyecto de intervención de capacitación del enfoque pedagógico híbrido en una institución de educación superior, en respuesta a los cambios surgidos en los modelos pedagógicos a causa de la pandemia de COVID-19. El enfoque híbrido surgió como una alternativa de solución a la necesidad de adaptar opciones educativas a contextos cambiantes, en la que se alterna la enseñanza presencial y la virtual. El objetivo fue analizar el impacto de la capacitación del personal académico respecto a la propuesta de un enfoque híbrido. La investigación fue de tipo descriptiva y exploratoria con un enfoque cuantitativo, evaluando la pertinencia del curso “Gestión y desarrollo del aprendizaje en modalidad híbrida”. Los resultados correlacionales muestran una relación entre las variables de tipo de contratación y el interés en impartir clases en la opción híbrida, y una relación negativa entre la edad y este interés. El proyecto de intervención influye de manera positiva sobre la disposición del personal académico hacia el enfoque híbrido. Se concluye que la investigación aporta resultados favorables sobre la efectividad de las iniciativas de capacitación para la adopción de opciones educativas no convencionales, destacando que las estrategias deben considerar la caracterización del personal académico.
The Urgency of Civil Society's Understanding of Radicalism in South Sumatra
Authors: Nofrima Sanny , Isabella Isabella , Baidawi Ahmad , Saputra Herdin Arie
Published: December 2024

Radicalism is an important element of social movements advocating for individuals or groups seeking ideological emancipation, fostering critical perspectives, and striving for change directly linked to broader adversaries and goals. Vulnerability to radicalism exists at varying intensities, rendering individuals or groups susceptible to radicalization. This research examines a significant issue of potential radicalism identified in previous studies, which appears to surpass society's understanding. The study aims to investigate several dimensions, including understanding, attitudes, and actions with the potential for radicalization. A quantitative method involving face-to-face interview techniques was utilized. The research sample consisted of 400 stratified random samples, which were selected based on characteristics such as gender, marital status, age, occupation, and religion, using the Slovin formula: n = N / (1 + (N x e²)) with a sampling error of 5%, and three hypotheses concerning attitude, understanding, and action. This research also employs a Scopus-based mapping of radicalism, analyzing the network in detail. The findings of the research show that attitude, understanding, and action have a direct impact on radicalism. Additional findings reveal that attitudes exert the greatest influence on the potential for radicalism, followed by understanding and actions. When viewpoints become extreme, inflexible, or intolerant, attitudes can reveal a person's propensity toward a particular ideology or societal issue. By encouraging the avoidance of possible radicalism and supporting improved decision-making in society, healthy social interactions can raise awareness of the hazards of radicalism. The interaction between attitudes, understanding, actions, and the potential for radicalism is a dynamic process that progressively leads to radical involvement within a specific context.
The influence of global financial fluctuations on the stability of the banking system of Ukraine
Authors: Blashchuk-Deviatkina Nataliіa , Kravchenko Bohdana
Published: December 2024

The article examines the influence of global financial fluctuations on the stability of the banking system of Ukraine. Іn particular analyzes the impact of the main world financial fluctuations on the banking system of Ukraine, which showed its dependence on global trends and vulnerability to changes. Fluctuations in exchange rates during 2019–2024 were studied as one of the most influential factors on the banking system of Ukraine. This made it possible to see that the banking system was under significant pressure from global factors (the covid-19 pandemic) and from internal factors (the war). Both crises significantly increased currency risks, which led to the devaluation of the national currency. This created significant challenges for the banking sector, especially in the conditions of increased volatility of exchange rates, which undermined the stability of banks. In addition, the regulatory requirements regulated by the National Bank of Ukraine, namely, indicators of currency position and currency risk of systemically important banks of Ukraine during 2022–2024, were investigated. Based on this, it was determined that systemically important banks of Ukraine adapt to changes in international financial markets and improve their stability indicators, which helps them maintain stability in the face of global financial fluctuations. The level of inflation in Ukraine over the past 5 years has been studied. A high level of inflation was observed during the analyzed period, which is a significant challenge for the banking system of Ukraine, requiring banks to effectively manage risks, adapt to new economic conditions, and actively use currency and interest rate risk hedging tools. The stability and development of the banking system largely depend on the volume of international trade flows, therefore, an analysis of the foreign trade balance of Ukraine during 2019–2023 was conducted, which showed an annual negative balance and an increase in the share of the foreign trade balance in the nominal GDP of Ukraine.. Recommendations for protection against the negative impact of global financial fluctuations are also defined. The implementation of these measures will help the banking system of Ukraine to reduce the impact of global financial fluctuations and ensure stability in periods of economic uncertainty.
Maximization of personal benefit as a source of exponential economic growth and cause of increasing threat
Authors: Andrushkiv Bohdan , Grushko Viktor , Hrushko Serhiy
Published: December 2024

The article analyzes the impact of personal interest, which is the basis for the formation of the desire to maximize profit, as a system-forming factor in the organization of the modern economy, on the pace and direction of the existing economic dynamics, on the prospects of sustainable provision of society with the resources necessary for its vital activities, on the safety of the natural environment . A cause-and-effect relationship between the orientation of subjects of economic activity towards the maximization of personal benefit and the exponential growth of the economy, which in turn is accompanied by the geometrical progression of an increasing number of limited natural resources in the process of production of consumer goods, with a short-term beneficial effect, has been revealed , which directs the economic dynamics not only to increase the acuteness of their deficit, their significant increase in price, their inaccessibility in the future for all more people, but also to the escalation of the competitive struggle of economic units for them of all participants in economic interaction with unpredictable consequences for the globalized economy and society as a whole. The influence of the desire of each subject of economic activity to maximize personal benefit on the transition of the economy from the production of goods necessary for society to financialization, and with this to its simulacraization, the replacement of the meaning of its functioning with a competitive competition for signs of wealth and tools for their accumulation, the concentration of which provides to the participants of the competitive struggle to increase their influence and increase their power. The positive influence of personal interest, with its focus on profit maximization, on the development of scientific and technological progress at the early stages of the development of the market economy was studied, and at the same time, its negative effect on the development of deformations in obtaining a useful effect from the scientific, technical and technological potential accumulated by humanity by various groups of people was revealed. , as well as the transformation of this resource into an instrument of the already undemocratic domination of the capitalized minority over the majority. The lack of consistency between the interests of business aimed at monetary profit, the development of scientific and technical progress and progress in increasing the efficiency of production, improving the quality and durability of manufactured goods has been established. The importance of the formation of interstate institutions for the corrective influence on the realization of personal interests in the field of international financial flows and the need to promote the increase of the share of small and medium-sized businesses as the main safeguards against oligarchization and the development of monopolistic tendencies is revealed.
Requirements for the development and implementation of information technologies in accounting and business management
Authors: Tyshchenko Dmytro , Franchuk Tamara , Zavazhenko Andrii , Karpunin Ihor
Published: December 2024

The article discusses the problems of implementing information technologies in accounting and enterprise management. Today, many factors influence the process of active and effective application of information technologies for accounting and enterprise management, but it should be noted that the speed of informatization of enterprises in Ukraine largely depends on the use of modern, up-to-date software. In order to quickly and effectively implement modern information technologies, it is necessary to constantly monitor the updating and modernization of software tools and the corresponding system software. Changing the requirements for the design and implementation of modern information tools and the introduction of the latest approaches are necessary conditions for the effective use of digital technologies, which in turn increases the efficiency of work at various stages of enterprise management. The types of modern information technologies and their application in accounting were mainly studied. The advantages and disadvantages of modern special information technologies when applied in accounting for the purpose of forming the largest information system of the enterprise are analyzed. The leading tasks of cost accounting of the enterprise's activities, which are solved by means of modern information technologies, are identified. The analysis of crucial issues was carried out and the necessity of using modern software developments in accounting activities was substantiated. During the review of the latest scientific research, both domestic and foreign scientists, it was established that in the process of successful informatization of the enterprise, we consider it necessary to recommend not to avoid those leading requirements that contain and propose to apply the developed systems to ensure the effective functioning of the developed, based on the requirements, software tools. The successful integration of modern information technologies into enterprise management is directly proportional to the level of awareness of modern needs and opportunities. The process of introducing information technologies in accounting is permanent, therefore it requires a fleet of powerful computer equipment. The placement of information technologies in solving the problems of accounting, auditing and analysis of the company's activities in order to optimize their activities, which is directly related to the development and implementation of modern software tools, is determined.
Pillars or Perils of Society? Exploring the Role of Religion in the COVID-19 Pandemic in Norway
Authors: Årsheim Helge
Published: December 2024

This chapter examines the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and religious communities, beliefs, and behaviours in Norway. The chapter briefly introduces the role of religion in Norwegian society prior to the pandemic, before tracking and assessing the trajectory of the pandemic and the fallout of the public health emergency measures introduced to contain the spread of the virus. Identifying three distinctive phases to these measures, the chapter points to numerous instances where religious communities were directly affected and examines their aftereffects.
Religion–COVID-19 Interplay in Romania
Authors: Bîrsan Gabriel
Published: December 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic dramatically influenced the whole of human society, from the least significant of its components to fundamental ones, such as religion. The present chapter aims to explore how this global event altered the religious landscape in Romania. The main goal is to investigate how religious institutions and individuals affected and were affected by the legal and social changes provoked by the pandemic. Considering the local historical, political, and cultural particularities, it observes how religious behaviour changed, at the group level as well as individually, following the imposition of pandemic restrictions; how public authorities succeeded (or not) in ensuring an acceptable level of (collective) religious freedom; how religious institutions succeeded (or not) in continuing to structure social life, from the personal context to the public or legal one; and how religious groups facilitated or hindered the adherence to public health measures and what public opinion was to their public actions. The Romanian case shows how important it is to have clear legislation as well as a structured dialogue among the main social actors in order to ensure that all rights and freedoms are exercised in a fair manner in a moment of maximum stress caused by a global medical issue.
The Oxford Guide to the Uralic Languages
Authors: Kaheinen Kaisla , Erkkilä Riku , Qiu Toivo
Published: December 2024

Besprechung
Bakró-Nagy, Marianne & Laakso, Johanna & Skribnik, Elena (eds․). 2022. The Oxford Guide to the Uralic Languages. Oxford University Press. LV + 1115 pp.
Testing language models’ syntactic sensitivity to grammatical constraints: a case study of wanna contraction
Authors: Noh Kangsan , Oh Eunjeong , Song Sanghoun
Published: December 2024

Wanna contraction refers to the reduction of want to to wanna. Interestingly, native English speakers contract want to in object extraction questions but not in subject extraction questions. The present study investigated whether language models such as bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) adhere to this grammatical subtlety. Wanna contraction involves two factors: subject–object asymmetry and contraction. Disentangling these two ensures that when language models accurately identify illicit instances of wanna contraction, the detection stems from their understanding of the contraction, rather than the intervention by subject–object asymmetry. For this objective, we conducted three independent experiments. We tested whether language models detect illicit cases of contraction by maintaining constant contraction (Experiment 1) and question types (Experiment 2). We predicted that higher surprisal values would be assigned to ungrammatical instances. The overall results of the two experiments were in line with our prediction (87.5 and 75%, respectively). In addition, the analysis of by-word surprisal also indicates that the models generate higher surprisal values for subject extraction questions in illicit wanna instances (Experiment 3). Thus, the models’ processing patterns of wanna contraction turn out to be close to those of native English speakers, suggesting their role as a research tool in linguistic experiments.
Experimental cell models of insulin resistance: overview and appraisal
Authors: Yang Ying , Wang Ting-ting , Xie Hu-ai , Hu Ping Ping , Li Pan
Published: December 2024

Insulin resistance, a key factor in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is defined as a defect in insulin-mediated control of glucose metabolism in tissues such as liver, fat and muscle. Insulin resistance is a driving force behind various metabolic diseases, such as T2DM, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, coronary heart disease and fatty liver. Therefore, improving insulin sensitivity can be considered as an effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of these complex metabolic diseases. Cell-based models are extensively employed for the study of pathological mechanisms and drug screening, particularly in relation to insulin resistance in T2DM. Currently, numerous methods are available for the establishment of in vitro insulin resistance models, a comprehensive review of these models is required and can serve as an excellent introduction or understanding for researchers undertaking studies in this filed. This review examines and discusses the primary methods for establishing and evaluating insulin resistance cell models. Furthermore, it highlights key issues and suggestions on cell selection, establishment, evaluation and drug screening of insulin resistance, thereby providing valuable references for the future research efforts.