bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of the Maximum Appearance Period of Capnodis tendebrionis in Al-Sweida-Syria Governorate and Testing the Efficacy of Some Pesticides on the Pest Adults
Authors:   Center for Scientific Agricultural Research, Swaida, Syria, Bufaur Mazen , Al-Gkhami Safwat ,   Center for Scientific Agricultural Research, Swaida, Syria, Bou Hamdan Rami ,   Center for Scientific Agricultural Research, Swaida, Syria, Ghanem Waed ,   Center for Scientific Agricultural Research, Swaida, Syria, Dawara Maher ,   Scientific Agricultural Research- Swaida- Syria
Published: December 2021

Bufaur, M., S. Al-Gkhami, R. Bohamdan, W. Ghanem and M. Dawara. 2021. Determination of the Maximum Appearance Period of Capnodis tendebrionisin Al-Sweida-Syria Governorate and Testing the Efficacy of Some Pesticides on the Pest Adults. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 39(4): 268-272. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-39.4.268272 A weekly adults collection of Capnodis tendebrionis L. (Buprestidae; Coleoptera) was conducted for two seasons (2018, 2019) to determine the maximum insect adults appearance period. Early adult appearance was recorded in the first year in warm-dry months as compared to the second year in cold-wet months. Maximum insect adults appearance was recorded at the end of April during the first season and at the end of May in the second season. A field experiment was carried out to test the efficacy of some pesticides on controlling pest adults: Deltamethrin, 100g/l, Chlorpyriphos-ethyl 48% and Acetamiprid 20% as a foliar spray, and Deltamethrin 0.25% as dusting powder around the stem, in addition to the control. Results obtained showed that Chlorpyriphos-ethyl and the two Deltamethrin treatments were the best on adults and with significant differences compared with Acetamiprid treatment following the first and the second week after spraying in 2018, and the Deltamethrin as dusting powder and Chlorpyriphos-ethyl treatments were the best and with significant differences compared to other treatments were observed. Using Deltamethrin as dusting powder around the stem was highly efficient during three weeks after spraying as compared with other treatments in the two years. Keywords: Capnodis tendebrionis L., Maximum adult appearance period, Deltamethrin, Chlorpyriphos- ethyl and Acetamiprid
Evaluation Efficiency of Different Isolate of Actinomycetes for Control of Cucumber Seedling Damping-off Disease Caused by Rhizoctonia solani (Khun)
Authors:   Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Basra University, Iraq, Fayyadh Mohamad Amer , Awad Lina ,   Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Basra University, Iraq
Published: December 2021

Fayyadh, M.A. and L.K. Awad. 2021. Evaluation Efficiency of Different Isolate of Actinomycetes for Control of Cucumber Seedling Damping-off Disease Caused by Rhizoctonia solani (Khun). Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 39(4): 281-288. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-39.4.281288 This study was conducted in Plant Protection Department, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah during the period 2017-2018 aimed to isolate and identify Actinomycetes from different environmental sources and evaluate their efficiency to control cucumber damping off disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani. 28 isolates of Actinomycetes were isolated from different sources from the Basrah region. All such isolates were gram positive, amylase and catalase positive and they had branched hyphae. Molecular identification following amplification of 16sRNA confirmed that Actinomycetes isolate No 6 isolated from soil had a similarity of 99% with Streptomyces griseus, whereas the isolate No 66 isolated from date palm roots had a similarity of 99% with Brevibacterium celere. The nucleotide sequence of the two isolates has been deposited at NCBI with Genbank accession number LC501385.1 for S. griseus and LC501386.1 for B. celere. The dual culture technique showed that Actinomycetes isolates S. griseus and B. celere had high antagonistic activity against Rhizoctonia solani, which produced inhibition zones of 7 and 15 mm in dimeter, respectively. On the other hand, volatile compoundsreleased from S. griseus and B. celere inhibited the growth of R. solani by 68 and 81.5%, respectively. Pot experiment showed that all actinomycetes isolates significantly reduced cucumber seedling damping–off incidence caused by R. solani. Keywords: Actinomycetes, Rhizoctonia solani, Cucumber, Biological Control
Priedēkļa pār- nozīmju hierarhijas atspoguļojums radiālajā nozīmju modelī
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Deksne Daiga
Published: December 2021

Prefiksācija ir produktīvs verbu atvasināšanas veids latviešu valodā. Nozīmju klāsts, ko priedēklis var piešķirt dažādiem verbiem, ir ļoti plašs. Parasti priedēklis verbam piešķir telpiskas, temporālas vai kvantitatīvas dabas nozīmi. Tradicionāli latviešu valodniecībā priedēkļu nozīmes tiek uzrādītas saraksta veidā, sniedzot dažus priedēkļverbu piemērus. Šajā pētījumā pirmo reizi latviešu valodniecībā priedēkļa pār- nozīmes tiek atspoguļotas radiālajā nozīmju modelī, kas uzskatāmi parāda priedēkļa nozīmju hierarhiju un kopīgās un atšķirīgās nozīmju īpašības. Nozīmju modelis veidots, analizējot 396 no korpusiem lvTenTen14, LVK2018 un Saeima ekscerpētus priedēkļverbus ar priedēkli pār-. Modelī iekļautas 13 nozīmes. Lai gan prototipiskā priedēkļa pār- nozīme ir virzība telpā pāri kādam objektam, korpusā visvairāk ir tādu priedēkļverbu, kuriem priedēklis pār- piešķir atkārtotas darbības nozīmi.
Darbības vārda veids latviešu un lietuviešu valodā – viena un tā pati vai tomēr atšķirīga kategorija?
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Kalnača Andra
Published: December 2021

Veids ir viena no būtiskām latviešu un lietuviešu valodas darbības vārda pazīmēm, taču veida nozīmju analīze un klasifikācija ir viens no sarežģītākajiem gramatikas jautājumiem. To nosaka fakts, ka veida nozīmju izteikšana ne latviešu, ne lietuviešu valodā nav pilnībā gramatizējusies, tāpēc atšķirībā no tādām gramatiskajām kategorijām kā laiks, izteiksme vai persona veida apraksts abu valodu gramatikās parasti atrodams gan darbības vārda darināšanas, gan formu veidošanas sadaļā. Tā kā veida apraksta tradīcijas baltu valodās vismaz daļēji veidojušās krievu valodniecības iespaidā, kur par galveno veida nozīmju opozīciju tiek uzskatīts nepabeigtas / pabeigtas darbības pretstatījums bezpriedēkļa un priedēkļa darbības vārdiem, tad šī opozīcija tikusi izvirzīta par svarīgāko arī baltu valodās. Tomēr, neraugoties uz zināmu līdzību, veida nozīmju īstenošanās baltu valodās ir gramatizējusies salīdzinoši mazāk. Turklāt atšķiras arī veida nozīmju izteikšanas nianses latviešu un lietuviešu valodā. Raksts ir mēģinājums sastatīt abu baltu valodu veida nozīmju kopīgās un atšķirīgās iezīmes un to apraksta tradīcijas gramatikās sinhroniskā aspektā.
A comparison of degree intensifiers across English corpora: Is it ‘flagrant’, ‘blatant’, or ‘sheer’ audacity?
Authors:   Vilnius University, Korostenskienė Julija , Bikelienė Lina
Published: December 2021

Due to its free-adjoining nature, the category of adjuncts is generally viewed as somewhat peripheral to the forefront of grammatical relations. Meanwhile, given the significance of the media in the present world and the ever-growing prevalence of the notion of news values, outlining the criteria conducive to a message becoming news and including values such as negativity, superlativeness, prominence, timeliness, proximity, etc. (Bednarek, Caple 2014), the broad range of linguistic means encoding intensification, thereby foregrounding a given phenomenon, presents a considerable interest. In this corpus study, we focus on three adjectival emphasisers, flagrant, blatant, and sheer, and examine their use in adjective + noun collocations across a variety of English corpora on the Sketch Engine tool (Kilgarriff et al. 2014) in the academic and the news registers: the “British Academic Written English Corpus”, the “Cambridge Academic English Corpus”, the “English Language Newspapers Corpus”, the “Brexit WR Corpus”, and the “English Timestamped JSI Corpus 2020–10”. We also consider the nominal element the adjectives in question collocate with, seeking to provide an account as to their differences in English. The findings of the study may have implications both for language classrooms and for more specialized fields, such as media studies.
Ciešamās kārtas konstrukcijas „Skolēnu pārspriedumu korpusā”
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Levāne-Petrova Kristīne
Published: December 2021

Verba kārta un ar to saistītie jautājumi vienmēr ir bijis aktuāls gramatikas izpētes objekts, kas bijis daudzu valodnieku interešu lokā. Arī latviešu valodā verba kārta, jo īpaši ciešamā kārta, ir aplūkota dažādās latviešu valodas gramatikās, tai ir arī veltīts daudz atsevišķu pētījumu. Lai arī latviešu valodai ir daudz aprakstu un pētījumu par ciešamo kārtu un ciešamās kārtas formām, tomēr līdz šim latviešu valodas ciešamās kārtas veidi gandrīz nav aplūkoti. Tāpēc šajā rakstā tiks analizētas ciešamās kārtas konstrukcijas, to veidi un citi ar pasīvu saistīti aspekti „Skolēnu pārspriedumu korpusā”, proti, mazākumtautību skolu un latviešu valodas mācībvalodu vidusskolu skolēnu latviešu valodas eksāmena darbos. Pētījums tiks veikts ne tikai kvalitatīvā, bet arī kvantitatīvā aspektā. Raksta pirmajā daļā īsi aplūkota ciešamā kārta latviešu valodā. Raksta otrajā daļā analizētas dinamiskā pasīva konstrukcijas specializētajā korpusā, bet raksta trešajā daļā analizētas statiskā pasīva konstrukcijas specializētajā korpusā. Gan dinamiskā, gan statiskā pasīva analīzē aplūkota pasīva formu izplatība, pasīva veidi, vārdu secība pasīva konstrukcijās, pasīva konstrukcijas un darītājs.
Standard Georgian language: History and current challenges
Authors:   Akaki Tsereteli State University, Lomtadze Tamari
Published: December 2021

This article outlines some debates and issues in the field of Georgian linguistics and offers a research agenda for standard Georgian language, including its history, phases of development, present-day challenges and prospects. There is a multitude of conflicting and even mutually exclusive ideas and points of view regarding these issues. My key point is to provide the periodization of the standard Georgian language that encompasses sixteen centuries, taking into consideration not only the level of normalization and standardization of the Georgian language in a particular historical period, but also the language variety on which the standard / literary language was based, and the institutions controlling and governing the development of the standard language. The point of departure here is the definition of the “standard” as a historically determined set of commonly used language assets, recognized by society as the most appropriate and prestigious variety due to its common usage and high cultural status. Using descriptive, synchronic, diachronic, and comparative research methods, I have tried to identify four phases / periods in the continuous history of the Georgian standard language spanning sixteen centuries.
„Es neuzskatu, ka latviešu valoda sastāv tikai no gramatikas”: vidusskolēnu valodas lietpratība un attieksme pret latviešu valodas mācīšanos
Authors:   Rēzeknes Tehnoloģiju akadēmija, Martena Sanita
Published: December 2021

Raksta pamatā ir divu pētījumu dati: par latviešu valodas prasmes līmeni, beidzot vidusskolu, (2018) un par skolēnu attieksmi pret latviešu valodas mācīšanu un mācīšanos (2018–2020). Datu interpretācijā ir izmantota valodas lietpratības teorija (Hulstijn 2015), proti, par to veidojošajiem komponentiem: pamata un augstāko jeb paplašināto valodas kognīciju. Pētījumā izmantotas arī teorētiskās atziņas par argumentēto rakstīšanu un galvenajām pazīmēm, kas liecina par augstā līmenī uzrakstītu darbu. Skolēnu teksti rakstā vairāk ir analizēti no viņu izvēlētā pārspriedumu temata izpratnes aspekta, prasmes argumentēti paust savu viedokli un leksiskās sarežģītības aspekta. Pārspriedums ir skolēnu sniegums, ko viņi latviešu valodā un citos mācību priekšmetos ir apguvuši 12 skolas gadu laikā bilingvālajās mazākumtautību skolās un skolās ar latviešu mācībvalodu. Pētījuma dati rāda, ka bez tradicionālajām interpunkcijas kļūdām (divdabja teicienu un citu savrupinājumu, salikta teikuma daļu atdalīšanas ar komatiem) skolēnu darbos ir vērojams vienveidīgs vārdu krājums, proti, par maz tiek lietoti konkrēti jēdzieni, termini vai retāk sastopami vārdi. Pārspriedumos nav pietiekami precīzi un izvērsti raksturotas parādības, notikumi, cilvēki, un tas ir saistīts gan ar faktu nezināšanu, gan arī ar nepietiekamu vārdu krājumu. Pētījumā par attieksmi pret latviešu valodas mācību procesu atklājas iespējamie iemesli, kas ietekmē skolēnu latviešu valodas apguvi un tās rezultātu. Ne tik motivējošas attieksmes pamatā, kā to atklāj skolēni, ir viņu grūtības saprast skolotāja latviešu valodas gramatikas un citu valodas jautājumu skaidrojumu, nepietiekama valodas funkcionālo aspektu iekļaušana mācību saturā, dažkārt arī līdzvērtīgas komunikācijas (starp skolēnu un skolotāju) trūkums.
Priekšvārdi
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Kalnača Andra
Published: December 2021

Rakstu krājums „Valoda: nozīme un forma 12. Gramatika un valodas apguve” ir Latvijas Universitātes Humanitāro zinātņu fakultātes Latvistikas un baltistikas nodaļas Latviešu un vispārīgās valodniecības un Baltu valodniecības katedru rīkotās 56. profesora Artura Ozola dienas starptautiskās zinātniskās konferences „Gramatika un valodas apguve” (18.–19.03.2021. LU HZF) materiālu un vairāku atsevišķi tapušu pētījumu apkopojums 15 rakstu veidolā. Konference tika rīkota sadarbībā ar Valsts pētījumu programmu „Latviešu valoda” (Nr. VPP-IZM-2018/2-0002, vadītāja – Ina Druviete) un tās apakšprojektu „Gramatika un tās saskarjomas: gramatikas enciklopēdiskā vārdnīca” (vadītāja – Andra Kalnača).
Condicionamento litoestrutural e diferenciação preliminar dos vales do planalto vulcânico sul-rio-grandense a partir de parâmetros morfométricos da drenagem
Authors: De Sordi Michael Vinicius , Paisani Julio Cesar , Pereira Josielle Samara
Published: December 2021

Em escala regional, o estudo da morfologia dos vales e sua evolução de longo-termo frente a ação de diferentes condicionantes ativos e passivos ainda é questão aberta no Planalto Vulcânico Sul-Rio-Grandense (PVSRG). Assim, no presente estudo foram empregados parâmetros morfométricos do gradiente dos canais e o ks(n) visando identificar diferenças na morfologia e dinâmica erosiva de longo-termo nessa área. Os resultados mostram que, rio drenando rochas ácidas e intermediárias, das formações Chapecó e Caxias apresentam gradiente acima de 0,013 e maior densidade de knickpoints (mais de 0,05  knickpoints por km de drenagem). Da mesma forma, os valores mais elevados de ks(n),  acima de 17,9, ocorrem em vales sobre rochas ácidas. Por sua vez, vales instalados sobre rochas básicas e intermediárias, das formações Gramado, Esmeralda, Várzea do Cedro, Paranapanema e Alegrete são mais planos, com gradiente abaixo de 0,010 e menos de 0,03  knickpoints por km de drenagem, refletindo em valores médios de ks(n) inferiores a 11,9. Portanto, a aplicação de índices morfométricos tornou possível identificar diferenças entre os cursos d’água no PVSRG de acordo com as características litoestruturais do embasamento local de modo rápido, eficiente e de baixo custo.
Las bacterias, su nutrición y crecimiento: una mirada desde la química
Authors: Caycedo Lozano Liliana , Corrales Ramírez Lucía Constanza , Trujillo Suárez Diana Marcela
Published: December 2021

La nutrición es un conjunto procesos y reacciones mediante las cuales los seres vivos toman del medio, en el que habitan, las sustancias químicas que necesitan para crecer, multiplicarse y hacer uso de la energía.Las sustancias mencionadas anteriormente, se denominan nutrientes y son utilizadas con dos fines: energéticos cuando se requieren para el mantenimiento y biosintéticos cuando se demandan para la síntesis de componentes (anabolismo)

En el primer caso (energéticos) las bacterias se dividen en litótrofas cuando hacen uso de sustancias inorgánicas simples como (SH2, S, NH3, NO2-, Fe, entre otras); y organótrofas cuando su requerimiento es de sustancias orgánicas (carbohidratos, hidrocarburos, lípidos, proteínas y alcoholes entre otras). En el segundo caso (biosintéticos), se pueden diferenciar en: autótrofas, cuando la síntesis la realizan a partir de sustancias inorgánicas simples (CO2) y heterótrofas cuando su fuente de carbono es orgánica, pero también pueden utilizar otros elementos distintos al C, que pueden ser captados en forma inorgánica.Sean autótrofas o heterótrofas, todas las bacterias requieren de una serie de sustancias químicas, que se pueden clasificar en macronutrientes o micronutrientes de acuerdo con la cantidad que de estas se requieran.
A signature-based approach to quantify soil moisture dynamics under contrasting land-uses
Authors: Araki Ryoko , Branger Flora , Wiekenkamp Inge , McMillan Hilary
Published: December 2021

Soil moisture signatures provide a promising solution to overcome the
difficulty of evaluating soil moisture dynamics in hydrologic models.
Soil moisture signatures are metrics that quantify the dynamic aspects
of soil moisture timeseries and enable process-based model evaluations.
To date, soil moisture signatures have been tested only under limited
land-use types. In this study, we explore soil moisture signatures’
ability to discriminate different dynamics among contrasting land-uses.
We applied a set of nine soil moisture signatures to datasets from six
in-situ soil moisture networks worldwide. The dataset covered a range of
land-use types, including forested and deforested areas, shallow
groundwater areas, wetlands, urban areas, grazed areas, and cropland
areas. Our set of signatures characterized soil moisture dynamics at
three temporal scales: event, season, and a complete timeseries.
Statistical assessment of extracted signatures showed that (1)
event-based signatures can distinguish different dynamics for all the
land-uses, (2) season-based signatures can distinguish different
dynamics for some types of land-uses (deforested vs. forested, urban vs.
greenspace, and cropped vs. grazed vs. grassland contrasts), (3)
timeseries-based signatures can distinguish different dynamics for some
types of land-uses (deforested vs. forested, urban vs. greenspace,
shallow vs. deep groundwater, wetland vs. non-wetland, and cropped vs.
grazed vs. grassland contrasts). Further, we compared signature-based
process interpretations against literature knowledge; event-based and
timeseries-based signatures generally matched well with previous process
understandings from literature, but season-based signatures did not.
This study will be a useful guideline for understanding how
catchment-scale soil moisture dynamics in various land-uses can be
described using a standardized set of hydrologically relevant
metrics.
Norethisterone-induced cholestasis: A case report
Authors: moussaoui Safa , abdelwahed mehdi , Chaabene Nabil Ben , Bellalah Ahlem , Fadhel Najeh Ben , Guediche Arwa , Zakhama Mejda , Tabbabi Ramzi , Aouam Karim , Abdelfattah Zakhama , Loghmari Hichem , safer Leila
Published: December 2021

Case presentation: This case report concerns a 49-year-old woman who
developed norethisterone drug -induced cholestasis, a progestin
contraceptive, which is quite rare complication generally observed with
estrogenic component of combined oral contraceptive pill.
What to do when nothing else is left to be done - metastatic non-HPV vulvar squamous cell carcinoma with multiple lines of chemotherapy
Authors:   ", Stana Mihaela Mărioara ,   Ion Chiricuță",   Oncologic Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Deac Sandra ,   "Ion Chiricuță" Oncologic Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Cainap Călin ,   Department of Oncology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Published: December 2021

Recurrent vulvar squamous cell carcinoma with multiple site metastases is a rare entity – (up to 14.2% of the total number of recurrences), with a poor prognosis (only 15% of the patients alive at 5 years). Due to its “hard to find” character, there are no standardized guidelines available and the treatment is extrapolated from advanced cervical carcinoma, anal carcinoma and other squamous cell carcinomas. Immunotherapy has shown some positive results in vulvar carcinoma with PD-L1 positive, high TMB, high MSI or with MMR deficiency. An alternative for selected cases without therapeutic resources could be the HPV vaccine. We present the case of a 64-year-old woman diagnosed in 2014 with vulvar squamous cell carcinoma stage II for which she underwent radical vulvectomy with bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy followed by external radiotherapy. In 2019 she developed local recurrence associated with lung, pleural, lymph nodes and subcutaneous metastasis, treated with three lines of chemotherapy: paclitaxel/carboplatin followed by cisplatin/5-fluorouracil and carboplatin/gemcitabine. The patient’s general health status altered progressively, and she died after the 4th cycle of carboplatin/gemcitabine. This case’s management could be a starting point for the vulvar carcinoma cases where the standard therapeutical options do not represent a choice anymore, providing the necessary example on how to approach it.
Thyroid cancer in the era of endocrine disrupting compounds
Authors:   Department of Endocrinology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iași, Romania, Preda Cristina ,   “Sf. Spiridon” Emergency County Clinical Hospital, Iași, Romania
Published: December 2021

Thyroid cancer has the highest prevalence of all endocrine malignancies, accounting for 1–3% of all human tumors. The incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer has increased globally in the last 10-20 years, faster than that of any other cancer type. The rising incidence has been observed in females, young adults, and children. The possible explanation might be the new achievements in diagnostic procedures, as thyroid ultrasonography and elastography, plus molecular testing and tumoral markers. Even though “over diagnosis” cannot be excluded, the increased incidence for all tumor sizes may suggest that other factors, such as lifestyle changes and environmental influences may contribute to a real increase.
Rationale for therapeutic decision-making in locally advanced and metastatic radioactive iodine (RAI)-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer, starting from a clinical case
Authors:   Department of Endocrinology, ", Silaghi Cristina Alina ,   Iuliu Haţieganu",   University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca,   Endocrinology Clinical Unit, Cluj County Emergency Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Stãnoiu-Pînzariu Oana ,   Department of Endocrinology, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Silaghi Horaţiu ,   Department of Surgery V, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca
Published: December 2021

Iodine uptake and organification are the hallmarks of thyroid cells differentiation. The loss of these characteristics in thyroid cancer leads to radioactive iodine refractoriness, a rare condition that bears a low survival rate and poor prognosis. We present a 52-year-old patient presenting dry cough and dyspnea in the supine position. Imaging examinations revealed a thyroid nodule with a high suspicion of malignancy in the right thyroid lobe, multiple laterocervical and mediastinal lymph nodes, lung, bone, and brain metastases. Fine needle aspiration cytologic features have advocated for papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). The patient underwent total thyroidectomy and selective lymphadenectomy. Subsequently, the patient received suppressive treatment with levothyroxine and four courses of radioactive iodine therapy. In addition, to treat bone and brain metastases, the patient experienced external radiotherapy and glucocorticoid therapy. Despite this rigorous therapeutic management, the patient obtained an incomplete structural and functional response. Although the last two posttherapeutic 131I whole-body scans were negative, the patient had elevated stimulated thyroglobulin levels and loco-regional recurrence by thyroid ultrasound. This aspect would suggest that thyroid cells become unable to uptake 131I, most likely through the emergence of new genetic mutations in the cancer cells. In conclusion, our patient's case suggests a 131I-refractory PTC, requiring the initiation of novel targeted systemic agents such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors, in order to improve structural and functional outcomes of radioactive iodine therapy and to afford prolonged progression-free survival advantage.
Secondary thyroid malignancy – a rare clinical finding?
Authors:   Department of Endocrinology, Elias University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Mitrache Marius-Lucian , Patriciu Zubașcu Gheorghiță ,   Department of Endocrinology, Elias University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Dumitraș Teodor ,   Department of Endocrinology, Elias University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
Published: December 2021

Metastases to the thyroid gland, while rarely seen in clinical practice, can pose a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Most commonly, they originate from lung, renal, and breast cancer, and are generally a sign of multiorgan metastatic disease. In most cases, metastases to the thyroid gland are diagnosed incidentally on imaging studies, since they are rarely symptomatic and often do not influence thyroid function tests. Thyroid ultrasonography and fine-needle aspiration biopsy play a pivotal role in their evaluation, as both classic immunocytochemical features, and more novel molecular markers can help in the differential diagnosis. Prognosis mainly depends on the biology of the primary tumor and its extension. Communication between clinicians is essential in such patients, in order to ensure that the treatment options are carefully balanced, thus raising the need for multidisciplinary teams in their management.
Thyroglobulin in lymph node fine-needle aspiration biopsy washout fluid. A tertiary center experience
Authors:   Department of Pituitary and Neuroendocrine Disorders, “C.I. Parhon” National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania, Deacu Laura , Niculescu Dan Alexandru ,   Department of Pituitary and Neuroendocrine Disorders, “C.I. Parhon” National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania; Department of Endocrinology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Caragheorgheopol Andra ,   Research Laboratory, “C.I. Parhon” National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania
Published: December 2021

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer. Most PTC secretes thyroglobulin, a useful marker in monitoring preoperative staging and postoperative progression; in addition to serum thyroglobulin, fine needle aspiration washout thyroglobulin (FNA-Tg) is also used. Our aim was to determine the cut-off value for FNA-Tg in our center and to describe major discrepancies between FNA-Tg, cytology and pathology results of the lymph nodes. Methods: We retrospectively retrieved from the electronic database of our endocrinology center all the FNA-Tg measurements between December 10, 2019 and September 2021. For each measurement we also retrieved the corresponding sex, FNAB results and the pathology reports. FNA-Tg was measured by ECLIA immunoelectro-chemiluminescent method. Results: There were 58 FNAB and FNA-Tg of suspect cervical lymph nodes in 40 patients. There were 17 cytologically benign lymph nodes of which 13 had low and 4 had high FNA-Tg; 3 non-diagnostic cytology results of which one had high FNA-Tg; 38 PTC metastases of which 6 had low and 32 had high FNA-Tg titers. The cut-off value of FNA-Tg in our center is 10 ng/ml, with a sensitivity of 86.6% (in those with pathology reports available after surgery). Conclusions: Washout TG is useful in suspicious lymph nodes and has added value to cytology in selected cases. The cut-off value of FNA-Tg in our center is 10 ng/ml, with a sensitivity of 86.6%. However, we must consider the possible false negative results that may occur in some histological types of PTC.
Bourdieu’s theory and the social constructivism of Berger and Luckmann
Authors: Jovanovic Milos
Published: December 2021

The paper compares Pierre Bourdieu?s sociological approach with the one
developed by Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann. The aim of the paper is to
identify the complementarities and incongruences of these approaches. The
main similarity consists in the intention to ?dialectically? overcome/bridge
the gap between ?objectivism? and ?subjectivism? in social theory. Another
parallel includes a negative attitude towards the relativistic tendencies of
postmodernism. These authors share the thematization of: the body as a locus
of social influences, the centrality of language in social life, the social
functions of knowledge, and the importance of power in social relations.
Differences in theorizing are attributed to the different intellectual,
theoretical, and socio-cultural contexts in which these scientists operated.
The divergences of these theoretical approaches become evident when one
examines the different meaning and significance attached to the concepts of
individuation, structure, action, habitus and habitualization, structure of
relevance and relation of common-sense and scientific knowledge. Finally,
there is a visible difference in political views: Bourdieu was a critic
?from the left,? while Berger and Luckmann were self-proclaimed liberal
conservatives.
From the modern history of word-formation research in Slovak studies
Authors: Olostiak Martin
Published: December 2021

This paper introduces the most important theoretical and methodological works
(monographs, studies, and textbooks) that have set the course for
word-formation research, especially regarding its methodology, in Slovakia
since the latter half of the 20th century, starting with a pioneering
monograph by J?n Horeck? entitled Slovotvorn? s?stava slovenciny [Slovak
Word-Formation System] (1959), followed by the works of other distinguished
scholars (J. Furd?k, K. Buz?ssyov?, M. Sokolov?, ?. Lipt?kov?, M. N?b?lkov?,
etc.). Special attention is also paid to the works dealing with the
development of word-formation, derivational semantics and onomasiology,
word-formation research in relation to other branches of language and
linguistics (lexicology and lexicography, morphemics, morphonology,
morphology, syntax, theory of the text), as well as to the research focused
on compounding.
Axiological dictionary of the Serbian language - a proposal for its compilation
Authors: Ristic Stana , Lazic-Konjik Ivana
Published: December 2021

This paper presents a proposed compilation of a dictionary of values in the
Serbian language, which is to be based on the existing findings of the
Lublin branch of Polish cognitive ethnolinguistics, of Russian ideography
and conceptology, as well as of Serbian traditional reconstructivist
ethnolinguistics and more recent ethnolinguistics of cognitive orientation.
It contains a critical overview of the aforementioned findings and
indicates the unresolved issues, which in the event of the realization of
the proposed dictionary would be resolved in the course of project proposal
and during all the stages of the preparation and compilation of the
dictionary, ranging from building the corpus, defining the list of entries
- axiological concepts, their typology, their categorization, the list of
entries in the dictionary, their cross-referencing and procedures in their
lexicographic treatment. It is pointed out that the compilation of a Serbian
axiological dictionary would not only fill a void in contemporary Serbian
lexicography, but also make it part and parcel of the current trends in
Slavic conceptology and conceptography. Broader impact of the compilation of
a dictionary of this type could be seen in the area of interdisciplinary and
cognitive treatment and investigations of Serbian linguistic resources,
which, through their written and electronic sources related to all spheres
of human existence, notably in the fields of ethnography, ethnology and
culture, offer invaluable evidence for reconstructing axiological concepts
and uncovering a value system, both universal and nationalspecific, which
distinguishes Serbian language and culture from the other ones. Thus, at the
general linguistic and culturological plane, a dictionary of this type would
enable us to compare the specificities of Serbian values with those
pertaining to other languages and cultures, both at the level of
closely-related Slavic languages and other, non-Slavic ones.
Protection of eukaryotic cells against pore-forming toxins from pathogenic bacteria
Authors:   , Ormsby Thomas J.R.
Published: December 2021

Bacterial infections are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Many species of pathogenic bacteria secrete pore-forming toxins to damage eukaryotic cells and facilitate pathogen invasion. Although cells can repair this damage, little is known about the intrinsic protection of cells against these toxins. Side-chain oxysterols and steroids can reduce the severity of bacterial diseases by suppressing immunity. Here we tested the hypothesis that oxysterols and steroids might also enhance the intrinsic protection of eukaryotic cells against pore-forming toxins. We first used the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin pyolysin, which forms pores in bovine endometrial cells. We found that 25-hydroxycholesterol or 27-hydroxycholesterol treatment protected bovine endometrial cells against pyolysin, and that these oxysterols are present in the reproductive tract. The oxysterols reduced pyolysin-induced leakage of potassium and lactate dehydrogenase by > 65%, limited changes to the actin cytoskeleton, and prevented cytolysis. The oxysterols also protected human cervical, lung, and liver epithelial cells against pyolysin damage, and protected cells against Staphylococcus aureus α-hemolysin. Mechanistically, oxysterol cytoprotection was partially dependent on activating acetyl-coenzyme A acetyltransferase and liver X receptors. The steroids, progesterone, oestradiol, or hydrocortisone were not protective in bovine endometrial cells. However, hydrocortisone and dexamethasone protected several types of human cells against pyolysin, reducing cytolysis from > 75% to < 25%, via a glucocorticoid receptor dependent mechanism. Treatment with these glucocorticoids also protected human cells against α-hemolysin and another cholesterol-dependent cytolysin, streptolysin O. However, glucocorticoid cytoprotection was reversibly blocked by the presence of ≥ 4% serum, which led to the discovery that glucocorticoid cytoprotection depended on the rate limiting enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase. In conclusion, side-chain oxysterols and glucocorticoids enhance the intrinsic protection of eukaryotic cells against pore-forming toxins. These findings imply that oxysterols and glucocorticoids could help limit the severity of disease caused by pathogens that secrete pore-forming toxins.
Acesso à água
Authors: Bentes Natalia Mascarenhas Simões , Velasco Fabiana Carneiro , Nogueira Beatriz Bertolo
Published: December 2021

O acesso à água deve ser universal e equitativo, contudo, a disputa por este bem econômico pode ensejar na violação aos direitos das comunidades tradicionais que vivem ao entorno das bacias hidrográficas, uma vez que essas não são consultadas acerca da exploração da água no território. Nestes termos, o presente trabalho tem como problema investigar o cumprimento da Convenção 169 da OIT no âmbito nacional, em especial no Estado do Pará, sob a ótica da participação universal e equitativa dos povos indígenas na gestão dos recursos hídricos. Pergunta-se se há participação das comunidades tradicionais locais no Comitê da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Marapanim, no Estado do Pará? Para isto, a metodologia utilizada envolveu o método dedutivo, abordagem qualitativa e técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica, jurisprudencial e documental. A pesquisa concluiu que muito embora, em um contexto internacional, o entendimento vigente sobre propriedade indígena leve em consideração os aspectos culturais, ancestrais e espirituais, em âmbito nacional e estadual tal entendimento é subjugado, uma vez que esses indivíduos não fazem parte da composição do Comitê da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Marapanim e, por conseguinte, não participam das tomadas de decisão quanto ao manejo de recursos hídricos.
Editorial
Authors: Serrano Nunes Júnior Vidal
Published: December 2021

Editorial trabalhado pelo Diretor da Faculdade da Faculdade de Direito da PUC-SP e membro do Conselho Cietífico da Revista DD&EM - Prof. Dr. Vidal Serrano Nunes Júnior
Determination of the speed of air outflow from the ventilation shaft of the warm attic of a multi-storey residential building under different initial conditions
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Anshukova E. A.
Published: December 2021

The operating conditions of a warm attic as an element of natural ventilation of a multi-storey residential building have an impact on the efficiency of the entire ventilation system performance, as well as on the condition of the enclosing structures. The study of the distribution of microclimate parameters in its volume makes it possible to more fully assess the ongoing processes. The result of calculating the rate of air outflow from the ventilation shaft of a warm attic by mathematical modeling is provided.
Modeling of ventilation in living premises with air intake through adjustable window sashes
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Pukhkal V. A. , Anisimov S. M. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Shkarovsky A. L. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Tsygankov A. V. ,   ITMO University
Published: December 2021

The article presents the results of investigating the systems of natural supply and exhaust ventilation of residential premises with air supply through window structures. In particular, the analysis focuses on cases of air intake through a gap in tilting window sash and parallel opening window sash (room’s ventilation). There are provided the study results concerning the air velocity and temperature fields in the room`s volume, as well as the internal air temperature changes during the room’s ventilation in cases of active and inactive heating appliance. There is studied the air intake by the parallel displacement of the sash from the frame with formation of a gap in the living premises where heating convectors are used. The distribution of air flows is explored using STAR-CCM+ hydrodynamic analysis software package. The installation of window blocks in residential buildings with the function of parallel displacement of the sash allows for the standards-compliant air exchange in the premises without the use of special supply devices. When closed, the window block complies with regulatory requirements to heat transfer resistance and soundproofing.
Influence of the distance from an obstacle to the outlet pipe of the radiator fan case of the automotive engine cooling system on the distribution of air flow
Authors:   Tambov State Technical University, Holshev N. V. , Konovalov D. N. ,   Tambov State Technical University, Vedishchev S. M. ,   Tambov State Technical University, Milovanov A. V. ,   Tambov State Technical University
Published: December 2021

The article presents the methodology and results of the study of the influence of the distance from the obstacle to the cut of the outlet pipe of the fan case of the cooling system of the automobile engine on the nature of the air flow distribution in front of the radiator. The studies were carried out on a specially made laboratory installation that provides measurement of the air flow velocity at fixed points in front of the radiator. As a result of the research, there were obtained response surfaces that describe the distribution of the air flow in front of the radiator at different distances from the obstacle to the outlet of the fan case. On this basis, there was determined the optimal distance from the obstacle, which provides the most uniform radiator blowing.
Automation of business processes of entrepreneurial activity in the field of real estate based on artificial intelligence technologies
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Asaul A. N. , Shcherbina G. F. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Asaul M. A. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Civil Aviation
Published: December 2021

The article refines the concept of «business process», the essence of business processes` automation in entrepreneurial activities is considered through the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies for IT integration in the real estate sector. Based on the market analysis, the state of development of artificial intelligence and machine learning in Russia, its significance and prospects for implementation in business activities in the real estate sector are studied.
The main tasks and mechanisms of the decision-making process for the distribution of budget resources of the city
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Veronskaya M.V. , Trushkovskaya E. D. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Published: December 2021

The paper considers the relevant for the present time task of making rational decisions at forming the expenditure part of the budget, when there are enough financial opportunities not only for critical areas of financing, but also for ensuring a decent standard of living for citizens. The main mechanisms of decision-making regarding the allocation of expenditures, which involves the use of mathematical optimization models, are considered. It is investigated where these models are appropriate to use, and for which tasks they are not suitable. The information support of the entire decision-making process necessary for the application of optimization methods is analyzed.
Analysis of the residential real estate market in St. Petersburg
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Drozdova I. V.
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the state of the primary and secondary residential real estate markets in St. Petersburg for the period from 2016 to 2020. The rating of developers leading in St. Petersburg in terms of the housing commissioning volume has been compiled. There have been identified the factors (economic sanctions, quarantine restrictions, devaluation of the ruble, inflation, decrease in the level of income of the population) influencing a decrease in the volume of housing commissioning, an increase in the cost and decrease in the affordability of housing in the primary and secondary residential real estate markets in 2019-2020. The trends in the development of residential real estate markets in St. Petersburg in 2021-2022 have been revealed.
Improvementof the relationship system of the state construction order participants
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Panibratov Yu. P. , Koshcheev V. A. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Kozakov R. R. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Published: December 2021

The article identifies the potential opportunities of using the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) system by construction organizations in the Russian Federation as part of their participation in public procurement. The main projections of BSC are considered, on which construction organizations of the Russian Federation should rely. The authors substantiate the socio-economic significance of using the Balanced Scorecard by the construction company in order to increase the competitiveness as a participant in the competition in public procurement, in particular, its positive influence on the quality of construction and installation works and the activation of innovative activity.
Kaahailua idyllissä
Authors: Walliander Haron
Published: December 2021

Tutkin artikkelissani lähipeluun menetelmin, miten kotimainen digitaalinen peli My Summer Car (Suomi 2016) esittää 1990-luvun lama-ajan Suomen maaseutua ja miesten joutilaisuutta. My Summer Car on yhden ihmisen, Johannes Rojolan, projekti, ja siten se kuvaa tekijänsä näkemyksiä esittämästään aikakaudesta. Pelin vertailukohtana käytetään maaseutua ja joutilaisuutta käsitteleviä humoristisia elokuvia sekä televisiosarjoja. Kysyn, miten peli eroaa niistä.Esitän, että My Summer Car luo lama-ajan Suomesta omannäköisensä tulkinnan, jossa pelien omaleimaisuus vaikuttaa joutilaisuuden kokemiseen. Selviytymispeligenre pakottaa pelaajan aktiiviseksi toimijaksi, jolloin pelaajan positio suhteessa muihin pelin joutilaisiin hahmoihin muuttuu. Tällöin joutilaisuuden ja aktiivisen toimijuuden raja hämärtyy, ja peli pakottaa pelaajan näkemään joutilaisuuden monipuolisemmin. Joutilaisuus–aktiivisuus-asetelma on My Summer Carissa erilainen verrattuna kotimaisiin elokuviin ja televisiosarjoihin. My Summer Carissa maaseudun pelillistäminen on tarkoittanut sitä, että poikakulttuuriin olennaisesti kuuluva homososiaalisuus on poissa, sillä pelistä puuttuu käytännössä nuorten miesten yhteisöllisyys. Jäljelle jää vain rappioromantiikan ideaali, jota toistetaan.Avainsanat: joutilaisuus, rappioromantiikka, maaseutu, nostalgisointi, digitaaliset pelitSpeeding in the Idyll. The Representation of 90s Recession Era Finnish Countryside and Idleness in My Summer CarIn this article I explore through close playing method how the Finnish digital game My Summer Car (2016) depicts the fictional Finnish countryside during the 90s recession and the idleness of men. My Summer Car is a project of one person, Johannes Rojola, and thus describes the author’s views on the era he presents. The game’s representation is compared with other humorous films and television series situated in the countryside. The research focuses on the idleness represented in My Summer Car and asks how the game differs from these other Finnish audiovisual products.I claim that My Summer Car creates a unique interpretation of the recession in Finland, in which the uniqueness of digital games affects the experience of idleness. The survival game genre forces the player to become an active player, changing the player’s position in relation to other idle characters in the game. In this case, the line between idleness and active action is blurred and the game forces the player to see idleness in a more versatile way. The idleness–activity setting in My Summer Car is different from other Finnish movies and TV series. Gamification of My Summer Car’s countryside causes homosociality, an integral part of boy culture, to vanish, as there is no sense of community among young men in the game. All that remains is the repeated ideal of romanticized decadence.Keywords: idleness, romanticized decadence, countryside, nostalgization, digital games
Clinical and pathogenetic role of state of prooxidant-antioxidant regulation in patients with purulent meningitis in the dynamics of disease
Authors: D. A. Zadyraka  , E. V. Riabokon
Published: December 2021

The paper shows, that patients with purulent meningitis on the background of severe clinical and laboratory changes had a disturbance of prooxidant-antioxidant regulation with a shift towards activation of free radical oxidation. In the dynamics of the disease, after 7-10 days of conventional treatment, against the background of a reduction of cephalic and meningeal syndromes intensity, a normalization of liquor and hemogram indices, in most patients there was a further decrease in catalase activity and an increase of nitrites, of parameters of spontaneous and induced oxidative modification of blood proteins that remained when the patients were discharged, compared with healthy people.
Morphological features of reparative osteogenesis under selenium deficiency
Authors: P. Ye. Kovalchuk  , S. V. Tuliuliuk  , S. V. Kozlov
Published: December 2021

This paper presents a range of functions of microelement selenium deficiency and its influence on the course of reparative osteogenesis.