bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Effect of Foam Stability on the Properties of Foamed Lightweight Soils
Authors: Liu Hao , Shen Cong , Li Jixin , Zhang Gaoke , Wang Yongsheng , Wan Huiwen
Published: September 2023

The properties of prepared foamed lightweight soils (FLSs) using prefabricated foam requires high foam stability. This paper investigates the geometrical characteristics of different foam densities, different types of foaming agents in the air, and the presence of slurry. Then, it studies their effects on the pore structure and mechanical properties of FLS. Results show that with the increase in foam density the bleeding rate of foam in the air for 1 h increases and the foam with a foam density of 50 kg/m3 is the most stable in the air. The stability of foam in slurry is not directly related to the property of foam in the air. The FLS prepared with the same foaming agent had the best performance with the FLS designed with a foam density of 50 kg/m3, which had the smallest average pore size and the most minor pore size distribution, and had the highest compressive strength. Among the three different foaming agents, Type-S was the best, and the slurry had the lowest rate of increase in wet density after the defoaming test, indicating that the foam had the best stability in the cement slurry. The FLS prepared with the density of 50 kg/m3 using the Type-S foaming agent and mixed with the slurry of cement, fly ash:slag:water = 105:105:140:227.5, was hardened to a mean pore size of 299 μm, and the 7 days, 28 days, and 56 days compressive strengths were 0.92 MPa, 2.04 MPa, and 2.48 MPa, respectively, which had the smallest average pore size and the highest compressive strength among the FLSs prepared using the three foaming agents.
Particular Anatomy of the Hyperopic Eye and Potential Clinical Implications
Authors: Marinescu Maria-Cristina , Dascalescu Dana-Margareta-Cornelia , Constantin Mihaela-Monica , Coviltir Valeria , Potop Vasile , Stanila Dan , Constantin Farah , Alexandrescu Cristina , Ciuluvica Radu-Constantin , Voinea Liliana-Mary
Published: September 2023

Background and Objectives: Hyperopia is a refractive error which affects cognitive and social development if uncorrected and raises the risk of primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). Materials and Methods: The study included only the right eye—40 hyperopic eyes in the study group (spherical equivalent (SE) under pharmacological cycloplegia over 0.50 D), 34 emmetropic eyes in the control group (SE between −0.50 D and +0.50 D). A complete ophthalmological evaluation was performed, including autorefractometry to measure SE, and additionally we performed Ocular Response Analyser: Corneal Hysteresis (CH), Corneal Resistance Factor (CRF); specular microscopy: Endothelial cell density (CD), Cell variability (CV), Hexagonality (Hex), Aladdin biometry: Anterior Chamber Depth (ACD), Axial Length (AL), Central Corneal Thickness (CCT). IBM SPSS 26 was used for statistical analysis. Results: The mean age of the entire cohort was 22.93 years (SD ± 12.069), 66.22% being female and 33.78% male. The hyperopic eyes had significantly lower AL, ACD, higher SE, CH, CRF. In the hyperopia group, there are significant, negative correlations between CH and AL (r −0.335), CRF and AL (r −0.334), SE–AL (r −0.593), ACD and CV (r −0.528), CV and CRF (r −0.438), CH (r −0.379), and positive correlations between CCT and CH (r 0.393) or CRF (r 0.435), CD and ACD (r 0.509) or CH (0.384). Age is significantly, negatively correlated with ACD (r −0.447), CH (r −0.544), CRF (r −0.539), CD (r −0.546) and positively with CV (r 0.470). Conclusions: Our study suggests a particular biomechanical behavior of the cornea in hyperopia, in relation with morphological and endothelial parameters. Moreover, the negative correlation between age and ACD suggests a shallower anterior chamber as patients age, increasing the risk for PACG.
Research Trends of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Orthopedic Medical Practices: A Bibliometric and Visualized Study
Authors: Jin Hongfu , He Miao , Xie Wenqing , Xiong Zixuan , Deng Zhenhan , Li Yusheng
Published: September 2023

Background and Objectives: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), also known as self-report measures, are critical tools for evaluating health outcomes by gathering information directly from patients without external interpretation. There has been a growing trend in the number of publications focusing on PROMs in orthopedic-related research. This study aims to identify the most valuable publications, influential journals, leading researchers, and core countries in this field using bibliometric analysis, providing researchers with an understanding of the current state and future trends of PROMs in orthopedic research. Materials and Methods: All PROMs in orthopedic-related publications from 1991 to 2022 were obtained from the WoSCC database. R software (version 4.2.2), VOSviewer (version 1.6.17), and Microsoft Excel (version 2303) were used for the bibliometric and visual analysis. Results: A total of 2273 publication records were found from 1991 to 2022. The results indicated that the United States (US) has made significant contributions to orthopedic-related PROMs. The majority of active research institutions are located in the US. J ORTHOP RES has published the most articles. J BONE JOINT SURG AM has the highest total citations. Conclusions: Our study provides a valuable reference for further exploration of the application of PROMs in orthopedics. PROMs have emerged as an increasingly popular area of research within the field of orthopedics, both in clinical practice and academic research. We conducted a bibliometric analysis in terms of journals, authors, countries, and institutions in this field. Additionally, we analyzed the potentialities and advantages of using PROMs in orthopedic research. There is an increasing trend towards using network-based or short message service (SMS)-based electronic patient-reported outcome measures (ePROMs) in orthopedic medical practices. It is anticipated that the role of PROMs in psychological and mental health research and telemedicine will continue to grow in importance.
Study of Through Glass Via (TGV) Using Bessel Beam, Ultrashort Two-Pulses of Laser and Selective Chemical Etching
Authors: Kim Jonghyeok , Kim Sungil , Kim Byungjoo , Choi Jiyeon , Ahn Sanghoon
Published: September 2023

Selective laser etching is a promising candidate for the mass production of glass interposers. It comprises two steps: local modification by an ultrashort-pulsed laser and chemical etching of the modified volume. According to previous studies, when an ultrashort-pulsed laser beam is irradiated on the sample, electron excitation occurs, followed by phonon vibration. In general, the electron excitation occurs for less than a few tens of picoseconds and phonon vibration occurs for more than 100 picoseconds. Thus, in order to compare the electric absorption and thermal absorption of photons in the commercial glass, we attempt to implement an additional laser pulse of 213 ps and 10 ns after the first pulse. The modified glass sample is etched with 8 mol/L KOH solution with 110 °C to verify the effect. Here, we found that the electric absorption of photons is more effective than the thermal absorption of them. We can claim that this result helps to enhance the process speed of TGV generation.
Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) of High-Quality Magnetic Data of the Obudu Basement Complex, Nigeria
Authors: Ekwok Stephen E. , Eldosouky Ahmed M. , Essa Khalid S. , George Anthony M. , Abdelrahman Kamal , Fnais Mohammed S. , Andráš Peter , Akaerue Emmanuel I. , Akpan Anthony E.
Published: September 2023

The particle swamp optimization procedure was applied to high-quality magnetic data acquired from the Precambrian Obudu basement complex in Nigeria with the object of estimating the distinctive body parameters (depth (z), index angle (θ), amplitude coefficient (K), shape factor (Sf), and location of the origin (x0)) of magnetic models. The magnetic models were obtained from four profiles that ran perpendicular to the observed magnetic anomalies within the study area. Profile A–A’ with a length of 2600 m is characterized by inverted model parameters of K = 315.67 nT, z = 425.34 m, θ = 43°, Sf = 1.15, and x0 = 1554.86 m, while profile B–B’ with a length of 5600 m is described by K = 257.71 nT, z = 543.75 m, θ = 54°, Sf = 0.96, and x0 = 3645.42 m model parameters. Similarly, profile C–C’ with a length of 3000 m is defined by K = 189.53 nT, z = 560.87 m, θ = 48, Sf = 1.2, and x0 = 1950 m. Profile D–D’, which is well-defined by a 2500 m length, started at the crest of the observed magnetic anomaly and displays inverted model parameters of 247.23 nT, 394.16 m, 39°, 1.26, and 165.41 m. Correlatively, the estimated shape factor of the four models (Sf = 1.15, 0.96, 1.2, and 1.26) shows that the magnetic models are linked to thin sheets. Furthermore, quantitative interpretations of the models show that the PSO operation is rapid and proficient.
Multi-Residue Detection of Eight Glucocorticoids by Nano-Au/Fluticasone Propionate Electrochemical Immunosensor
Authors: Zhao Guozheng
Published: September 2023

Based on an indirect competitive method, a novel nano-Au/fluticasone propionate electrochemical immunosensor was successfully fabricated by combining the nanoscale effect, superior conductivity of nano-Au, stable Au−S chemical bond as well as strong interaction between glucocorticoid and the receptor, which was used to simultaneously detect eight kinds of glucocorticoids. The modified immunosensors’ electrochemical properties were explored by means of a cyclic voltammetry (CV) method and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. Two factors (glucocorticoid receptor concentration, incubation time) were studied in order to obtain the optimal results. The immunosensor presents attractive electrochemical performance with a wide linear range (between 0.1 and 1500 ng⋅mL−1) and low detection limit (between 0.057 and 0.357 ng⋅mL−1), realizing the rapid multi-residue detection of a large class of glucocorticoids. Two glucocorticoids (hydrocortisone, triamcinolone) were detected in actual skincare samples, which obtained satisfactory detection results.
Emerging Applications of Nanotechnology in Healthcare and Medicine
Authors: Malik Shiza , Muhammad Khalid , Waheed Yasir
Published: September 2023

Knowing the beneficial aspects of nanomedicine, scientists are trying to harness the applications of nanotechnology in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases. There are also potential uses in designing medical tools and processes for the new generation of medical scientists. The main objective for conducting this research review is to gather the widespread aspects of nanomedicine under one heading and to highlight standard research practices in the medical field. Comprehensive research has been conducted to incorporate the latest data related to nanotechnology in medicine and therapeutics derived from acknowledged scientific platforms. Nanotechnology is used to conduct sensitive medical procedures. Nanotechnology is showing successful and beneficial uses in the fields of diagnostics, disease treatment, regenerative medicine, gene therapy, dentistry, oncology, aesthetics industry, drug delivery, and therapeutics. A thorough association of and cooperation between physicians, clinicians, researchers, and technologies will bring forward a future where there is a more calculated, outlined, and technically programed field of nanomedicine. Advances are being made to overcome challenges associated with the application of nanotechnology in the medical field due to the pathophysiological basis of diseases. This review highlights the multipronged aspects of nanomedicine and how nanotechnology is proving beneficial for the health industry. There is a need to minimize the health, environmental, and ethical concerns linked to nanotechnology.
Tuning the Acid–Base Properties of Lignin-Derived Carbon Modulated ZnZr/SiO2 Catalysts for Selective and Efficient Production of Butadiene from Ethanol
Authors: Liu Na , He Yingluo , Wang Kangzhou , Chen Fei , Yao Jie , Yang Guohui , Huang Shufang , Shao Lishu , Tsubaki Noritatsu
Published: September 2023

The direct selective conversion of ethanol to butadiene (ETB) is a competitive and environmentally friendly process compared to the traditional crude cracking route. The acid–base properties of catalysts are crucial for the direct ETB process. Herein, we report a rationally designed multifunctional lignin-derived carbon-modulated ZnZr/SiO2 (L-ZnZr/SiO2) catalyst with suitable acid–base properties for the direct ETB reaction. A variety of characterization techniques are employed to investigate the relationship between the acid–base properties and catalytic performance of the multifunctional lignin-modulated ZnZr/SiO2 catalysts. The results revealed that the rationally additional lignin-modulated carbon enhances both the acidity and basicity of the ZnZr/SiO2 catalysts, providing a suitable acid–base ratio that boosts the direct ETB reactivity. Meanwhile, the 1% L-ZnZr/SiO2 catalyst possessed ethanol conversion and butadiene selectivity as high as 98.4% and 55.5%, respectively, and exhibited excellent catalytic stability.
Preparation and Properties of Poly(vinyl acetate) Adhesive Modified with Vinyl Versatate
Authors: Ma Guoyan , Wang Le , Wang Xiaorong , Wang Chengjun , Li Xi , Li Lu , Ma Hongfei
Published: September 2023

A series of vinyl versatate (VV10) modified poly(vinyl acetate) adhesive (HVPVAc) were prepared using soap-free emulsion polymerization. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy was used to characterize the structure of the modified poly(vinyl acetate) latex. The effect of the VV10 content on particle size, viscosity, mechanical properties, and T-peel strength of the modified poly(vinyl acetate) was determined. No absorption peak at 1675–1500 cm−1 in the ATR-FTIR spectrum was observed as a result of the carbon-carbon double bond reacting completely. With the occurrence of -C-O-C and the disappearance of the carbon-carbon double bond in the FTIR spectrum, a more complex structure formed. The structure improves the mechanical properties. Increasing the VV10 content resulted in an increase in particle size from 63 nm to 221 nm, a steady increase in the viscosity of the HVPVAc latex, an increase in tensile strength from 7 MPa to 13.4 MPa, and a decrease in breaking elongation from 1310% to 1004%. As the VV10 content increased from 0 to 30% by weight, the T-peel strength of the HVPVAc adhesive increased from 8.35 N/mm to 18.97 N/mm, indicating improved adhesive performance.
New Boron Containing Acridines: Synthesis and Preliminary Biological Study
Authors: Druzina Anna A. , Dudarova Nadezhda V. , Ananyev Ivan V. , Antonets Anastasia A. , Kaluzhny Dmitry N. , Nazarov Alexey A. , Sivaev Igor B. , Bregadze Vladimir I.
Published: September 2023

The synthesis of the first conjugates of acridine with cobalt bis(dicarbollide) are reported. A novel 9-azido derivative of acridine was prepared through the reaction of 9-methoxyacridine with N3CH2CH2NH2, and its solid-state molecular structure was determined via single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The azidoacridine was used in a copper (I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction with cobalt bis(dicarbollide)-based terminal alkynes to give the target 1,2,3-triazoles. DNA interaction studies via absorbance spectroscopy showed the weak binding of the obtained conjugates with DNA. The antiproliferative activity (IC50) of the boronated conjugates against a series of human cell lines was evaluated through an MTT assay. The results suggested that acridine derivatives of cobalt bis(dicarbollide) might serve as a novel scaffold for the future development of new agents for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT).
A Review of the Effect of Plasticizers on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Alginate-Based Films
Authors: Eslami Zahra , Elkoun Saïd , Robert Mathieu , Adjallé Kokou
Published: September 2023

In recent years, there has been a growing attempt to manipulate various properties of biodegradable materials to use them as alternatives to their synthetic plastic counterparts. Alginate is a polysaccharide extracted from seaweed or soil bacteria that is considered one of the most promising materials for numerous applications. However, alginate potential for various applications is relatively limited due to brittleness, poor mechanical properties, scaling-up difficulties, and high water vapor permeability (WVP). Choosing an appropriate plasticizer can alleviate the situation by providing higher flexibility, workability, processability, and in some cases, higher hydrophobicity. This review paper discusses the main results and developments regarding the effects of various plasticizers on the properties of alginate-based films during the last decades. The plasticizers used for plasticizing alginate were classified into different categories, and their behavior under different concentrations and conditions was studied. Moreover, the drawback effects of plasticizers on the mechanical properties and WVP of the films are discussed. Finally, the role of plasticizers in the improved processing of alginate and the lack of knowledge on some aspects of plasticized alginate films is clarified, and accordingly, some recommendations for more classical studies of the plasticized alginate films in the future are offered.
Adsorption of Basic Yellow 28 and Basic Blue 3 Dyes from Aqueous Solution Using Silybum Marianum Stem as a Low-Cost Adsorbent
Authors: Börklü Budak Türkan
Published: September 2023

In the present study, the ability of an adsorbent (SLM Stem) obtained from the stem of the Silybum Marianum plant to treat wastewater containing the cationic dyes basic blue 3 (BB3) and basic yellow 28 (BY28) from aqueous solutions was investigated using a batch method. Then, the SLM Stem (SLM Stem-Natural) adsorbent was carbonized at different temperatures (200–900 °C) and the removal capacity of the products obtained for both dyes was examined again. The investigation continued with the product carbonized at 800 °C (SLM Stem-800 °C), the adsorbent with the highest removal capacity. The dyestuff removal studies were continued with the SLM Stem-Natural and SLM Stem-800 °C adsorbents because they had the highest removal values. The surface properties of these two adsorbents were investigated using IR, SEM, and XRD measurements. It was determined that the SLM Stem-Natural has mainly non-porous material, and the SLM Stem-800 °C has a microporous structure. The optimal values for various parameters, including adsorbent amount, initial dye solution concentration, contact time, temperature, pH, and agitation speed, were investigated for BY28 dye and were 0.05 g, 15 mg/L, 30 min, 40 °C, pH 6 and 100 rpm when SLM Stem-Natural adsorbent was used and, 0.15 g, 30 mg/L, 30 min, 40 °C, pH 10, and 150 rpm when SLM Stem-800 °C adsorbent was used. For BB3 dye, optimal parameter values of 0.20 g, 10 mg/L, 30 min, 25 °C, pH 7, and 100 rpm were obtained when SLM Stem-Natural adsorbent was used and 0.15 g, 15 mg/L, 40 min, 40 °C, pH 10, and 100 rpm when SLM Stem-800 °C adsorbent was used. The Langmuir isotherm described the adsorption process best, with a value of r2 = 0.9987. When SLM Stem-800 °C adsorbent was used for BY28 dye at 25 °C, the highest qm value in the Langmuir isotherm was 271.73 mg/g. When the study was repeated with actual water samples under optimum conditions, the highest removal for the BY28 dye was 99.9% in tap water with the SLM Stem-800 °C adsorbent. Furthermore, the reuse study showed the adsorbent’s efficiency even after three repetitions.
Mathematical Modelling and Optimization for Facile Synthesis of Structured Activated Carbon (ACs) from Adansonia kilima (Baobab) Wood Chips Integrating Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis for the Elimination of Lead (II) Cations from Wastewater Effluents
Authors: Sellamuthu Santhana , Chowdhury Zaira , Khalid Khalisanni , Shibly Shahjalal , Rahman Md , Rana Masud , Badruddin Irfan , Khaleed H. , Kamangar Sarfaraz , Johan Mohd. , Hussein Mohamed , Mitra Ajita , Faisal Abu
Published: September 2023

In this research, activated carbon (AC) was synthesized from ligno-cellulosic residues of Adansonia kilima (Baobab) wood chips (AKTW) using two-step semi-carbonization and subsequent pyrolysis using microwave-induced heating (MWP) in the presence of a mild activating agent of K2CO3. The influence of process input variables of microwave power (x1), residence time (y1), and amount of K2CO3 (z1) were analysed to yield superior quality carbon having maximum removal efficiencies (R1) for lead (II) cations from waste effluents, fixed carbon percentages (R2), and carbon yield percentages (R3). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to develop relevant mathematical models, with an appropriate statistical assessment of errors. Level factorial response surface methodology (RSM) relying on the Box–Behnken design (BBD) was implemented for the experimental design. The surface area and porous texture of the samples were determined using Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) adsorption/desorption curves based on the N2 isotherm. Surface morphological structure was observed using field emission scanning electron microscopic (FESEM) analysis. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out to observe the thermal stability of the sample. Change in the carbon content of the samples was determined using ultimate analysis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed to observe the crystalline and amorphous texture of the samples. The retention of a higher proportion of fixed carbon (80.01%) ensures that the synthesized adsorbent (AKTWAC) will have a greater adsorption capacity while avoiding unwanted catalytic activity for our synthesized final sample.
Hibiscus Anthocyanins Extracts Induce Apoptosis by Activating AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Tsai Ming-Chang , Chen Ching-Chun , Tseng Tsui-Hwa , Chang Yun-Ching , Lin Yi-Jie , Tsai I-Ning , Wang Chi-Chih , Wang Chau-Jong
Published: September 2023

Apoptosis, a programmed cell death process preventing cancer development, can be evaded by cancer cells. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates energy levels and is a key research topic in cancer prevention and treatment. Some bioactive components of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (HAs), including anthocyanins, have potential anticancer properties. Our study investigated the in vitro cytotoxic potential and mode of action of HAs extracts containing anthocyanins in colorectal cancer cells. The results showed that Hibiscus anthocyanin-rich extracts induced apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells through the activation of multiple signaling pathways of AMPK. We observed the dose–response and time-dependent induction of apoptosis with HAs. Subsequently, the activation of Fas-mediated proteins triggered apoptotic pathways associated with Fas-mediated apoptosis-related proteins, including caspase-8/tBid. This caused the release of cytochrome C from the mitochondria, resulting in caspase-3 cleavage and apoptosis activation in intestinal cancer cells. These data elucidate the relationship between Has’ regulation of apoptosis-related proteins in colorectal cancer cells and apoptotic pathways.
Effect of Pre- and Perinatal Factors and Infant Nutrition on the Intestinal Microbiota
Authors: Łoniewska Beata , Łoniewski Igor
Published: September 2023

The intestinal microbiota is an essential determinant of human health [...]
Circulating Apolipoprotein B-48 as a Biomarker of Parenteral Nutrition Dependence in Adult Patients with Short Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Fourati Salma , Hamon Annick , Daclat Rita , Salem Joe-Elie , Peoc’h Katell , Le Beyec Johanne , Joly Francisca , Lacorte Jean-Marc
Published: September 2023

Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a rare but serious condition that may lead to chronic intestinal failure. Citrulline concentrations are currently used to reflect the residual intestinal mass in patients with SBS, although this method has several limitations. In a cohort of patients with SBS, we quantified apolipoprotein B-48 (ApoB-48), which is exclusively synthesized by enterocytes and secreted associated with dietary lipids and investigated the relationship between ApoB-48 and clinical and biological data as well as PN dependence. A total of 51 adult patients were included, 36 of whom were PN-dependent. We found a robust positive correlation between circulating ApoB-48 and residual small bowel length, which was also found in the subgroup of patients with jejunocolic anastomosis. Fasting ApoB-48 levels were significantly lower in PN-dependent patients than in PN-weaned patients and negatively correlated with parenteral nutrition dependence. Our results suggest that ApoB-48 could be proposed as a marker of intestinal absorptive function and could be an interesting follow-up marker in patients with SBS.
Gut Microbiota Profiles of Children with Obesity or Metabolic Syndrome: Body Mass Index Is a Lead Actor
Authors: Gathungu Grace N. , Frank Daniel N. , Chawla Anupama , Robertson Charles E. , LaComb Joseph F. , Markarian Katherine , Burghard Brianna M. , Woroniecki Robert
Published: September 2023

The worldwide prevalence of obesity and associated metabolic syndrome (MetS) has increased threefold over the last five decades. Among children, this trend is alarming due to the premature onset of MetS. The data regarding how the structure and composition of gastrointestinal (GIT) microbiota either promote or attenuate obesity and MetS are limited. Objectives: We carried out this study to investigate the relationship between microbial profiles and diagnosis of MetS among children with obesity. Fifty subjects with a diagnosis of obesity or Mets were enrolled. We collected clinical information, demographic data, dietary records, and stool specimens. Overall, there was no significant difference in the diversity of GIT microbiota between the two subgroups of children with obesity or MetS. We also found no differences in the diversity of GIT microbiota between the sexes and blood pressure categories. However, we observed a significant difference between the structure, composition, and diversity of the gut microbiome when the subjects were stratified using a BMI cut-off of 30. Subjects with a BMI ≥ 30 had a lower abundance of Bacteroidetes and a greater abundance of Actinobacteria and Firmicutes compared to those with a BMI value of less than 30. This gut microbiota signature is more like the GIT microbiome profile of adults with obesity and may represent accelerated changes among children. Additional studies are needed to investigate the role of obesity in the maturation of gut microbiota in children with morbid obesity.
History and Current Status of Mediterranean Spotted Fever (MSF) in the Crimean Peninsula and Neighboring Regions along the Black Sea Coast
Authors: Gafarova Muniver T. , Eremeeva Marina E.
Published: September 2023

Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF) is a tick-borne rickettsiosis caused by Rickettsia conorii subspecies conorii and transmitted to humans by Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks. The disease was first discovered in Tunisia in 1910 and was subsequently reported from other Mediterranean countries. The first cases of MSF in the former Soviet Union were detected in 1936 on the Crimean Peninsula. This review summarizes the historic information and main features of MSF in that region and contemporary surveillance and control efforts for this rickettsiosis. Current data pertinent to the epidemiology of the disease, circulation of the ticks and distribution of animal hosts are discussed and compared for each of the countries in the Black Sea basin where MSF occurs.
Molecular Resonance Imaging of the CAIX Expression in Mouse Mammary Adenocarcinoma Cells
Authors: Quattrociocchi Claudia , Mangia Alberto , Aime Silvio , Menchise Valeria , Delli Castelli Daniela
Published: September 2023

The carbonic anhydrase isoform IX (hCAIX) is one of the main players in extracellular tumor pH regulation, and it is known to be overexpressed in breast cancer and other common tumors. hCA IX supports the growth and survival of tumor cells, and its expression is correlated with metastasis and resistance to therapies, making it an interesting biomarker for diagnosis and therapy. The aim of this work deals with the development of an MRI imaging probe able to target the extracellular non-catalytic proteoglycan-like (PG) domain of CAIX. For this purpose, a specific nanoprobe, LIP_PepC, was designed by conjugating a peptidic interactor of the PG domain on the surface of a liposome loaded with Gd-bearing contrast agents. A Mouse Mammary Adenocarcinoma Cell Line (TS/A) was chosen as an in vitro breast cancer model to test the developed probe. MRI results showed a high selectivity and sensitivity of the imaging probe toward hCAI-expressing TS/A cells. This approach appears highly promising for the in vivo translation of a diagnostic procedure based on the targeting of hCA IX enzyme expression.
Application of Adipose-Tissue Derived Products for Burn Wound Healing
Authors: Malekzadeh Hamid , Tirmizi Zayaan , Arellano José A. , Egro Francesco M. , Ejaz Asim
Published: September 2023

Burn injuries are a significant global health concern, leading to high morbidity and mortality. Deep burn injuries often result in delayed healing and scar formation, necessitating effective treatment options. Regenerative medicine, particularly cell therapy using adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), has emerged as a promising approach to improving burn wound healing and reducing scarring. Both in vitro and preclinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of ASCs and the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) in addressing burn wounds. The application of ASCs for burn healing has been studied in various forms, including autologous or allogeneic cells delivered in suspension or within scaffolds in animal burn models. Additionally, ASC-derived non-cellular components, such as conditioned media or exosomes have shown promise. Injection of ASCs and SVF at burn sites have been demonstrated to enhance wound healing by reducing inflammation and promoting angiogenesis, epithelialization, and granulation tissue formation through their paracrine secretome. This review discusses the applications of adipose tissue derivatives in burn injury treatment, encompassing ASC transplantation, as well as the utilization of non-cellular components utilization for therapeutic benefits. The application of ASCs in burn healing in the future will require addressing donor variability, safety, and efficacy for successful clinical application.
Novel Aminopyrimidine-2,4-diones, 2-Thiopyrimidine-4-ones, and 6-Arylpteridines as Dual-Target Inhibitors of BRD4/PLK1: Design, Synthesis, Cytotoxicity, and Computational Studies
Authors: El-Kalyoubi Samar , El-Sebaey Samiha A. , Elfeky Sherin M. , AL-Ghulikah Hanan A. , El-Zoghbi Mona S.
Published: September 2023

Structural-based drug design and solvent-free synthesis were combined to obtain three novel series of 5-arylethylidene-aminopyrimidine-2,4-diones (4, 5a–c, 6a,b), 5-arylethylidene-amino-2-thiopyrimidine-4-ones (7,8), and 6-arylpteridines (9,10) as dual BRD4 and PLK1 inhibitors. MTT assays of synthesized compounds against breast (MDA-MB-231), colorectal (HT-29), and renal (U-937) cancer cells showed excellent-to-good cytotoxic activity, compared to Methotrexate; MDA-MB-231 were the most sensitive cancer cells. The most active compounds were tested against normal Vero cells. Compounds 4 and 7 significantly inhibited BRD4 and PLK1, with IC50 values of 0.029, 0.042 µM, and 0.094, 0.02 µM, respectively, which are nearly comparable to volasertib (IC50 = 0.017 and 0.025 µM). Compound 7 triggered apoptosis and halted cell growth at the G2/M phase, similarly to volasertib. It also upregulated the BAX and caspase-3 markers while downregulating the Bcl-2 gene. Finally, active compounds fitted the volasertib binding site at BRD4 and PLK1 and showed ideal drug-like properties and pharmacokinetics, making them promising anticancer candidates.
Mitigation of Hepatic Impairment with Polysaccharides from Red Alga Albidum corallinum Supplementation through Promoting the Lipid Profile and Liver Homeostasis in Tebuconazole-Exposed Rats
Authors: Ben Saad Hajer , Frikha Donyez , Bouallegue Amir , Badraoui Riadh , Mellouli Manel , Kallel Hatem , Pujo Jean Marc , Ben Amara Ibtissem
Published: September 2023

Sulfated polysaccharides from seaweed are highly active natural substances with valuable applications. In the present paper, attempts have been made to discuss the physicochemical and structural features of polysaccharides isolated from red marine alga Alsidium corallinum (ACPs) and their protective effect in hepatic impairments induced by tebuconazole (TEB) in male adult rats. Structural features were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography, Fourier-transformed infrared, and solid-state 1H and 13C-Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. ACPs are found to be hetero-sulfated-anionic polysaccharides that contain carbohydrates, sulfate groups, and uronic acids. In vitro biological activities suggested the effective antioxidant and antimicrobial capacities of ACPs. For antioxidant testing in vivo, the biochemical analysis and plasma profiles displayed that oral administration of ACPs could mitigate blood lipid indicators, including total cholesterol, triglyceride, low and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and bilirubin. Liver function indexes involving alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase showed that ACPs possessed prominent antioxidant activities. Additionally, the intervention of ACPs potentially inhibited lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, key enzymes of lipid metabolism (<0.001), and improved antioxidant status (<0.05). Histomorphological observation confirmed that ACPs intervention could partially repair liver injuries caused by TEB. The computational results showed that A. corallinum monosaccharides bound 1JIJ, 1HD2, and 1WL4 receptors with acceptable affinities, which, together with deep embedding and molecular interactions, support the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and hypolipidemic outlined effects in the in vitro and in vivo findings. Given their prominent antioxidant effects, ACPs are promising candidates for liver diseases and must be considered in pharmaceutical applications.
A Guide to Best Practice in Sensory Analysis of Pharmaceutical Formulations
Authors: Clapham David , Belissa Emilie , Inghelbrecht Sabine , Pensé-Lhéritier Anne-Marie , Ruiz Fabrice , Sheehan Liz , Shine Margaret , Vallet Thibault , Walsh Jennifer , Tuleu Catherine
Published: September 2023

It is well established that treatment regime compliance is linked to the acceptability of a pharmaceutical formulation, and hence also to therapeutic outcomes. To that end, acceptability must be assessed during the development of all pharmaceutical products and especially for those intended for paediatric patients. Although acceptability is a multifaceted concept, poor sensory characteristics often contribute to poor patient acceptability. In particular, poor taste is often cited as a major reason for many patients, especially children, to refuse to take their medicine. It is thus important to understand and, as far as possible, optimise the sensory characteristics and, in particular, the taste/flavour/mouthfeel of the formulation throughout the development of the product. Sensory analysis has been widely practiced, providing objective data concerning the sensory aspects of food and cosmetic products. In this paper, we present proposals concerning how the well-established principles of sensory analysis can best be applied to pharmaceutical product development, allowing objective, scientifically valid, sensory data to be obtained safely. We briefly discuss methodologies that may be helpful in reducing the number of samples that may need to be assessed by human volunteers. However, it is only possible to be sure whether or not the sensory characteristics of a pharmaceutical product are non-aversive to potential users by undertaking sensory assessments in human volunteers. Testing is also required during formulation assessment and to ensure that the sensory characteristics remain acceptable throughout the product shelf life. We provide a risk assessment procedure to aid developers to define where studies are low risk, the results of a survey of European regulators on their views concerning such studies, and detailed guidance concerning the types of sensory studies that can be undertaken at each phase of product development, along with guidance about the practicalities of performing such sensory studies. We hope that this guidance will also lead to the development of internationally agreed standards between industry and regulators concerning how these aspects should be measured and assessed throughout the development process and when writing and evaluating regulatory submissions. Finally, we hope that the guidance herein will help formulators as they seek to develop better medicines for all patients and, in particular, paediatric patients.
The Recent Applications of PLGA-Based Nanostructures for Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Yan Jun , Huang Lei , Feng Juan , Yang Xue
Published: September 2023

With the accelerated development of nanotechnology in recent years, nanomaterials have become increasingly prevalent in the medical field. The poly (lactic acid–glycolic acid) copolymer (PLGA) is one of the most commonly used biodegradable polymers. It is biocompatible and can be fabricated into various nanostructures, depending on requirements. Ischemic stroke is a common, disabling, and fatal illness that burdens society. There is a need for further improvement in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. PLGA-based nanostructures can facilitate therapeutic compounds’ passage through the physicochemical barrier. They further provide both sustained and controlled release of therapeutic compounds when loaded with drugs for the treatment of ischemic stroke. The clinical significance and potential of PLGA-based nanostructures can also be seen in their applications in cell transplantation and imaging diagnostics of ischemic stroke. This paper summarizes the synthesis and properties of PLGA and reviews in detail the recent applications of PLGA-based nanostructures for drug delivery, disease therapy, cell transplantation, and the imaging diagnosis of ischemic stroke.
A Facile Synthetic Approach to UV-Degradable Hydrogels
Authors: Li Wan , Wang Zhonghui , Jiang Le , Feng Menghua , Fan Xinnian , Fan Haojun , Xiang Jun
Published: September 2023

Light-degradable hydrogels have a wide range of application prospects in the field of biomedicine. However, the provision of a facile synthetic approach to light-degradable hydrogels under mild conditions remains a challenge for researchers. To surmount this challenge, a facile synthetic approach to UV-degradable hydrogels is demonstrated in this manuscript. Initially, an UV-degradable crosslinker (UVDC) having o-nitrobenzyl ester groups was synthesized in a single step through the employment of the Passerini three-component reaction (P-3CR). Both 1H NMR and MS spectra indicated the successful synthesis of high-purity UVDC, and it was experimentally demonstrated that the synthesized UVDC was capable of degradation under 368 nm light. Furthermore, this UVDC was mixed with 8-arm PEG-thiol (sPEG20k-(SH)8) to promptly yield an UV-degradable hydrogel through a click reaction. The SEM image of the fabricated hydrogel exhibits the favorable crosslinking network of the hydrogel, proving the successful synthesis of the hydrogel. After continuous 368 nm irradiation, the hydrogel showed an obvious gel-sol transition, which demonstrates that the hydrogel possesses a desirable UV-degradable property. In summary, by utilizing solely a two-step reaction devoid of catalysts and hazardous raw materials, UV-degradable hydrogels can be obtained under ambient conditions, which greatly reduces the difficulty of synthesizing light-degradable hydrogels. This work extends the synthetic toolbox for light-degradable hydrogels, enabling their accelerated development.
Polysaccharide/Carbon Quantum Dots Composite Film on Model Colloidal Particles—An Electro-Optical Study
Authors: Milkova Viktoria
Published: September 2023

Negatively charged carbon dots (Cdots) were successfully impregnated into chitosan/alginate film formed on model colloidal particles as a result of the attractive interactions with the chitosan molecules. The electrical properties of the produced films were studied by electrokinetic spectroscopy. In this study, the electric light scattering method was applied for first the time for the investigation of suspensions of carbon-based structures. The electro-optical behavior for the suspension of polymer-coated particles showed that the electric polarizability of the particle-covered layer from alginate was significantly higher compared to that of the layer from chitosan due to the higher charge density of alginate. The presence of a low concentration of Cdots in the film results in partial charge screening. It was confirmed that the polarizability of counterions with lower mobility along the adsorbed polyion chains was responsible for the registered electro-optical effect from the suspension of polymer-coated particles and that the participation of diffuse H+ counterions of Cdots in the creation of the electro-optical effect was negligible. The observed oscillation behavior in the evolution of the film thickness was interpreted through the participation of compensatory effects due to the additional adsorption/desorption of polyelectrolyte complexes from the film surface. The concentration of Cdots in the film was determined, and the loaded amount was ca. 6.6 µg/mL per layer.
Study of Tunable Dielectric Permittivity of PBDB-T-2CL Polymer in Ternary Organic Blend Thin Films Using Spectroscopic Ellipsometry
Authors: Hrostea Laura , Bulai Georgiana-Andreea , Tiron Vasile , Leontie Liviu
Published: September 2023

The ellipsometric analyses reported in this paper present a novelty by bringing an in-depth optical investigation of some ternary organic blends. This study focuses on the tunability and control of the relative permittivity of active layers by varying the weight ratio of blended materials spin-coated as thin films. To investigate this, an extensive approach based on spectroscopic ellipsometry was conducted on ternary blend (D:A1:A2) thin films, involving a donor [D = chlorinated conjugated polymer (PBDB-T-2Cl)] and two acceptor materials [A1 = a non-fullerene (ITIC-F) and A2 = a fullerene (PCBM)]. The refractive index constitutes a key parameter that exposes insights into the feasibility of photovoltaic cells by predicting the trajectory of light as it transits the device. In this term, higher obtained refractive indexes support higher absorption coefficients. Notably, the dielectric constant can be rigorously tuned and finely calibrated by modest variations in the quantity of the third element, resulting in considerable modifications. Moreover, the inclusion of fullerene in blends, as the third element, results in a smooth topographical profile, further refining the surface of the film. From an electrical point of view, the ternary blends outperform the polymer thin films. The synergistic interaction of constituents emphasizes their potential to enhance solar conversion devices.
The Influence of Thermoplastic Composite Recycling on the Additive Manufacturing Process and In-Use Phase as Candidate Materials for Wearable Devices Applications
Authors: Papatheodorou Alexandra , Gavalas Iakovos , Ntenekou Despoina , Karatza Anna
Published: September 2023

Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is a popular additive manufacturing (AM) method for creating thermoplastic parts with intricate geometrical designs. Pure thermoplastic materials utilized in FFF, whose polymeric matrix is reinforced with other materials, such as carbon fibers (CFs), introduce products with advanced mechanical properties. However, since not all of these materials are biodegradable, the need for recycling and reuse immediately emerges to address the significant problem of how to dispose of their waste. The proposed study evaluates the printability, surface morphology and in vitro toxicity of two thermoplastic-based composite materials commonly used in wearable device manufacturing to provide enhanced properties and functionalities, making them suitable for various applications in the field of wearable devices. Tritan Copolyester TX1501 with 7.3% chopped CFs (cCFs) and Polyamide 12 (PA12) with 8.6%cCFs and 7.5% iron Magnetic Nanoparticles (MNPs)—Fe4O3 were used in the discrete ascending cycles of recycling, focusing on the surface quality performance optimization of the printed parts. Through stereoscopy evaluation, under-extrusion, and over-extrusion defects, as well as non-uniform material flow, are assessed in order to first investigate the influence of various process parameters’ application on the printing quality of each material and, second, to analyze the optimal value fluctuation of the printing parameters throughout the recycling cycles of the materials. The results indicate that after applying certain adjustments to the main printing parameter values, the examined recycled reinforced materials are still effectively 3D printed even after multiple cycles of recycling. A morphology examination using scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed surface alterations, while a cytotoxicity assessment revealed the adverse effects of both materials in the form of cell viability and the release of proinflammatory cytokines in the cell culture medium.
Natural Theology and Neo-Confucianism in Timothy Richard and Ren Tingxu’s Translation of Alexander Pope’s An Essay on Man
Authors: Yao Dadui
Published: September 2023

Voltaire praised Alexander Pope’s poem, An Essay on Man, as a magnificent and profound philosophical work that garnered widespread popularity and had a significant impact. It was believed that the poem’s philosophical concepts were influenced by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, who drew inspiration from Jesuit writings and regarded Neo-Confucianism as China’s “natural theology”. In December 1897, Yan Fu translated six lines from Pope’s poem into Chinese as a part of his translation of Tianyan lun. Subsequently, Timothy Richard and Ren Tingxu collaborated for five months to translate An Essay on Man into Chinese, known as Tianlun shi (A Poem of Heavenly Ethics), which was published in mid-summer 1898. This Chinese translation became the first extensive Western poem to be translated into Chinese. It consisted of four parts, with over 1300 lines in its original form and approximately 17,200 Chinese characters in translation. Ren rendered Pope’s heroic couplets into a quatrain-style Chinese poem. The term “Tianlun” (Heavenly Ethic) was derived from Young John Allen’s theory, which aimed to supplement Confucian ethics by illustrating the “man and heaven” (or “man and God”) relationship. The poem successfully intertwined Christian and Confucian ideas, harmoniously blending the two discourses of natural theology and Neo-Confucianism. Ren’s literary embellishments played a significant role in this remarkable achievement. Richard and Ren’s translation of the poem served various purposes, including introducing Western knowledge to China and promoting political reform.