bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aprendizaje en las matemáticas. La gamificación como nueva herramienta pedagógica
Authors: Encalada Díaz Iván Ángel
Published: April 2021

El propósito de este estudio se basa en considerar la gamificación como nueva herramienta pedagógica para el aprendizaje de las matemáticas. La metodología empleada fue un bajo el diseño documental. Como conclusión se puede indicar que la gamificación resulta interesante e importante para mejorar el aprendizaje en todos los niveles educativos pues ayuda en gran medida a la motivación de los estudiantes, así como la disminución del estrés presente en ellos producto del miedo a afrontar las clases que les parecen aburridas o difíciles y de diversos factores como socioculturales y económicos. En cuanto a la implementación de la gamificación en las matemáticas se ha observado una buena influencia de esta herramienta para desarrollar habilidades de cálculos y lógica matemática en los estudiantes pues les permite a través del uso de los diferentes software existentes desarrollar estrategias que les permitan avanzar de nivel, lograr cumplir las metas, con el propósito de alcanzar las mejores calificaciones.
O jornalismo em quadrinhos na web: a representação das mulheres na série de reportagens “Quatro Marias”
Authors:   , Rezende Laura Sanábio Freesz
Published: April 2021

A presente dissertação buscou o estudo de transformações ocorridas no ramo do jornalismo em quadrinhos, especialmente dos produtos feitos para a web, considerando o estabelecimento das relações entre aspectos da convergência midiática, do jornalismo midiatizado e dos veículos de comunicação independentes. Esse último seria um dos fatores que permitiria uma maior participação das mulheres na produção de quadrinhos, demonstramos as transformações ocorridas no ramo do jornalismo em quadrinhos, especialmente nos produtos feitos para a web. Para demonstrar essa mudança, foi feito um histórico desde as produções femininas underground até os quadrinhos contemporâneos. Na narrativa, interessam pontos como o fato de a reportagem ter sido feita em quadrinhos e para a web, as heranças que o movimento underground deixou para o jornalismo em quadrinhos e o aumento da participação feminina no mundo das HQs, como produtoras e protagonistas. Ao apresentar o suporte das características quadrinísticas para o jornalismo, busca-se investigar a construção da narrativa do jornalismo em quadrinhos, que se mostrou um instrumento potente de denúncia. Como aparato teórico, foi utilizada a Análise Crítica da Narrativa, proposta por Motta (2013). Nessa metodologia, o foco é dado à linguagem e à narrativa. Os desenhos são considerados como parte da construção do enredo. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo desenvolver um estudo sobre a reportagem em quadrinhos “Quatro Marias: uma reportagem sobre as realidades do aborto no Brasil”, hospedada no site quatromarias.com1 . O material conta com a divulgação dos processos de criação, perguntas frequentes sobre o aborto, informação sobre as autoras e quatro matérias testemunhais, cada uma contando a história do aborto de uma das personagens: Maria Memória, Maria Mudança, Maria Dentro da Lei e Maria Julieta. A construção dos enredos é feita com base nos depoimentos delas, sem que suas identidades sejam reveladas, por questões éticas.
Literacia transmídia na produção dos fãs sobre o universo ficcional de supernatural
Authors:   , Soares Matheus Pereira
Published: April 2021

As práticas da cultura de fãs nos ambientes digitais envolvem uma série de interações que os indivíduos expressam por meios de suas atuações nesses espaços. Os universos ficcionais transmídia são uma rica fonte de inspiração para os fãs, que são indivíduos apaixonados por histórias e personagens. Muitos fãs, no entanto, não se contentam apenas com a fruição de suas narrativas preferidas, mas também criam e compartilham conteúdos. Escolhemos neste trabalho observar as produções de fãs brasileiros do universo ficcional construído ao redor da série estadunidense de fantasia e ficção científica Supernatural (The WB/The CW, 2005-2020). Sob a luz do conceito de literacia transmídia (SCOLARI, 2018), esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de investigar as habilidades expressas nas criações de fanfics e vídeos de fãs de Supernatural publicados em espaços digitais. Este trabalho traz inicialmente algumas considerações a respeito das narrativas transmídia. Em seguida, acompanhamos o desenvolvimento da literacia midiática e o surgimento do conceito de literacia transmídia. Posteriormente, fazemos uma revisão acerca da cultura de fãs, baseada nas contribuições de diversos autores (JENKINS, 1992, 2009; FISKE, 1992; HILLS, 2002; SANDVOSS, 2005, 2013; LANIER; FOWLER, 2013). A última parte do trabalho traz a análise proposta acerca das produções dos fãs de Supernatural, utilizando como ferramenta analítica as dimensões da literacia transmídia. Concluímos que as produções dos fãs de Supernatural podem ser categorizadas em produção narrativa e produção paratextual, sendo possível identificarmos habilidades e competências midiáticas individuais e coletivas relacionadas ao consumo crítico e à produção criativa.
Para desarmar el péndulo
Authors: Truchet Rocío
Published: April 2021

En 2017 para mi tesina de grado en Ciencia Política nos propusimos comparar dos modelos de policiamiento comunitario en la ciudad de Santa Fe. En 2018, uno de los referentes empíricos, la Policía Comunitaria de Santa Fe se desarticuló. Dicha unidad policial poseía la mayor cantidad de agentes a lo largo de la Provincia y era el segmento especializado más legitimado por la ciudadanía. Este artículo propone reconstruir los obstáculos, desafíos y respuestas que recorrimos para explicar la disolución de la Policía Comunitaria. Se pone en tensión la idea de “pendulación” en las políticas de seguridad para deslizarse hacia un pensamiento que tiene a una fuerza concreta como efecto de disputas políticas en torno a la definición de la policía y los mecanismos para gobernarla. Asimismo, esta manera de comprender el problema se produjo integrando positivamente el acceso y restricción al campo como insumo analítico.
La policía en el banquillo
Authors: Bover Tomás
Published: April 2021

En 2019 se realizó el juicio oral a ocho jefes policiales por recibir coimas. Propongo analizar dicho juicio desde las observaciones, entrevistas y noticias aparecidas en la época del allanamiento que originó la causa y el juicio oral. A partir de los relatos de los ex policías, testigos y del proceso judicial, propongo, en primer lugar, reconstruir acusaciones de traición que ponen de relieve mecanismos informales de protección y castigo institucionales. En segundo lugar, analizar el ejercicio de la intimidación de testigos y la desconfianza ante mi presencia. Esto nos permite señalar primero que, si bien el ejercicio del poder policial se centra sobre población y actividades estigmatizadas y/o ilegalizadas, también se produce sobre colegas, testigos e investigadores y, segundo, que no es potestad exclusiva de los/as policías en actividad, sino también de funcionarios exonerados e incluso sus familias y abogados.
Um campo de experiências, afetações e “achismos”
Authors: Mendes de Miranda Ana Paula , Muniz Jacqueline
Published: April 2021

O artigo apresenta reflexões sobre pesquisas no campo da segurança pública, violências e ativismos no Brasil, a partir de experiências desenvolvidas pelas autoras, levando em consideração os dilemas de constituição desse campo temático. Salienta-se a importância das pesquisas empíricas, num recorte antropológico e os desafios de interlocução com o Direito. Discute ainda que a abordagem teórico-metodológica reflexiva sobre o Estado e as políticas públicas deve orientar também as análises sobre os ativismos, para evitar a homogeneização e generalização das classificações jurídico-políticas que dominam o campo. Com base nessa perspectiva apresenta-se um estudo de caso demonstrando a importância da multidimensionalidade e a situacionalidade em estudos sobre (in)segurança. Trata-se da metodologia desenvolvida para análise de percepções de risco, construída para identificar as situações sociais de violência que afetavam o trabalho regular de medição de energia elétrica, nos municípios de São Gonçalo e Duque de Caxias (Rio de Janeiro), para prevenção do furto.
Classifying Motion Intention of Step Length and Synchronous Walking Speed by Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Zhu Yufei , Li Chunguang , Jin Hedian , Sun Lining
Published: April 2021

In some patients who have suffered an amputation or spinal cord injury, walking ability may be degraded or deteriorated. Helping these patients walk independently on their own initiative is of great significance. This paper proposes a method to identify subjects’ motion intention under different levels of step length and synchronous walking speed by using functional near-infrared spectroscopy technology. Thirty-one healthy subjects were recruited to walk under six given sets of gait parameters (small step with low/midspeed, midstep with low/mid/high speed, and large step with midspeed). The channels were subdivided into more regions. More frequency bands (6 subbands on average in the range of 0-0.18 Hz) were decomposed by applying the wavelet packet method. Further, a genetic algorithm and a library for support vector machine algorithm were applied for selecting typical feature vectors, which were represented by important regions with partial important channels mentioned above. The walking speed recognition rate was 71.21% in different step length states, and the step length recognition rate was 71.21% in different walking speed states. This study explores the method of identifying motion intention in two-dimensional multivariate states. It lays the foundation for controlling walking-assistance equipment adaptively based on cerebral hemoglobin information.
The application of traditional elements of a leather vest from the Croatia area in a contemporary collection of women's clothing
Authors: Šabarić Irena , Koturić Anita , Rogina-Car Beti
Published: April 2021

Due to the richness and variety of costumes, one leather element from the leather coat (kožuh) has been singled out, which has been developed in a new way and applied in a contemporary clothing collection.A lot of attention has been paid to handmade workmanship and quality, so this collection also has high fashion features. In the art part, through sketches, the selected theme or element is elaborated.Models have been developed and places where and in what way leather elements and mirrors will be applied.The collection transforms the costume element into simple, refined garments, creating a contrast between the old and the new, tradition and modernity.It depicts the present, a contemporary collection created on the foundations of a rich past and tradition.The result is presented in the form of a realized fashion collection of women's clothing with leather ethno applications.
Hyper heuristic particle swarm optimization method for medical images segmentation
Authors: El-Khatib S. , Skobtsov Y.A. , Rodzin S.I.
Published: April 2021

Purpose. Development of new methods for medical images segmentation, since modern methods of medical diagnostics are largely based on image processing MRI, CT scan etc. Materials and Methods. A hybrid particle swarm algorithm for medical image segmentation is proposed, which includes a modified and elite exponential particle swarm segmentation algorithm in combination with the k-means method. The time complexity of the developed algorithm is investigated on the basis of the drift analysis. It is shown that the developed algorithm for segmentation of MRI images has a polynomial time complexity. Results. To test the developed algorithms, images of the Ossirix test set and real medical images were used. When comparing the operating time of the proposed segmentation methods, it was found that the hyper-heuristic swarm method shows the operating time on average 2 times less than when using the hybrid ant method, and the segmentation results for good quality images and blurry images are comparable. Conclusions. Several modifications of swarm image segmentation algorithms have been proposed for various types of medical images, including contrasting, noisy and blurred images, which showed good results during testing and low time complexity.
Methods for interpreting grace system data for solving geodynamic monitoring problems
Authors: Simonov K.V. , Kashkin V.B. , Rubleva T.V. , Matsulev A.N. , Kabanov A.A. , Malkanova A.V. , Odintsov R.V.
Published: April 2021

The study is devoted to a detailed analysis of observational data from the GRACE space system to clarify the parameters of a catastrophic earthquake with a magnitude of MW = 8.8, which occurred in the subduction zone near the coast of Chile. Digital maps of changes in the EWH parameter over the geoid contour in the investigated seismically active region of the Chilean earthquakes of 2014 and 2015 were constructed. It is shown that there is a negative correlation between the value of the geodynamic parameter H for a strong earthquake with M W = 8.8 (distance from the hypocenter to the position of the Earth-Moon barycenter) and the equivalent water height above the geoid EWH. The highest correlation coefficient between the parameters H and EWH equal to R = -0.61 was noted during the period of registration of the number of postseismic events in the region of Central Chile. In the course of further research study the representative class of earthquakes for a detailed analysis of the variability of the EWH parameter and its relationship with geodynamic processes.
Theoretical study of methods of finding signals and synchronization of the earth stations of satellite communications
Authors: Mursaev A.N. , Zinkin S.V. , Novichkov D.A.
Published: April 2021

When using spread-spectrum signals, the problem of searching by frequency and delay must be solved before the signal is processed. For demodulation of simple signals with AM, CHM and FM, it is fundamentally necessary to provide only a frequency search, and clock synchronization can be carried out after the first decision circuit, i.e. in the signal conversion equipment, usually placed in the interface equipment or channel-forming equipment. The paper presents a theoretical analysis of the methods of the search of signals and synchronization in earth stations - search and tracking of singaporemetro signals with an expanded range and features auto scan and auto-tracking frequency when receiving simple signals.
La universidad privada en la construcción de subjetividades juveniles emprendedoras
Authors: Lamas Zoeger Leonor
Published: April 2021

Este artículo es un recuento etnográfico de los cursos y actividades de formación personal a los que tuve la oportunidad de asistir como alumna matriculada en una de las universidades privadas de segunda generación más populares del país. Este tipo de cursos ocupa hoy una parte importante de la currícula en este tipo de instituciones, y sirven de base para famliarización de los alumnos en una filosofía del éxito y el emprendimiento. Además de describir el contenido de estar materias, este trabajo se interesa por el análisis crítico de sus contenidos a partir de la teoría de la gubernamentalidad de Michel Foucault. Se analizan la relación de este discurso con la emergencia de un sujeto emprendedor, y las implicancias que tiene en la formación de ciudadanía.
Bioacoustic analysis of a compound sound with stridulation and forced air produced by the larva of Phileurus valgus (Olivier, 1789) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Phileurini)
Authors: Barria Manuel D. , Quirós Dora Isabel , Emmen Daniel
Published: April 2021

It was observed that Phileurus valgus larvae are capable to emit stridulation and forced air sound when disturbed, being able to emit a “compound sound”. Duration, frequencies, oscillograms, spectrograms of the sounds obtained are presented. The results obtained are compared with previous studies and the possible communicative or warning functions they may have in their natural environment when interacting with other larvae (other species) or their congeners (same species). The audios obtained in the study are shared.
Formación Docente y Rol de Orientador.Una Experiencia Pedagógica Transformadora desde la Investigación y la Reflexión para la Comprensión Humana
Authors: IANNI CAROL
Published: April 2021

El libro plantea cómo el ideal del rol de orientador se constituye en un pilar de la praxis cotidiana del docente, debiendo reflejarse esto en los programas universitarios de formación para futuros docentes, amparados en la orientación educativa como elemento teórico y conceptual. A manera de estado del arte de la orientación educativa en ambientes universitarios, se generan nuevas interpretaciones y una comprensión para dar pautas que posibiliten implementar estrategias y mejoras cualitativas en su formación. Por esta razón, este texto está llamado a convertirse en referencia obligatoria para la investigación y el ejercicio de las prácticas orientadoras en el currículo
En busca del biomaterial perdido
Authors: Pérez Puyana Víctor Manuel , Jiménez Rosado Mercedes , Romero García Alberto
Published: April 2021

Debido al incremento en la edad de la población, la esperanza de vida así como las mejoras tecnológicas ha aumentado el interés en los biomateriales, los cuales son diseñados para interactuar con los sistemas biológicos facilitando el funcionamiento de los mismos o, simplemente, reemplazarlos. El desarrollo de biomateriales con características adecuadas para la sustitución o regeneración de tejidos u órganos asociados a accidentes y/o enfermedades supone uno de los mayores desafíos actuales en el campo científico. En este sentido, se encuentra un creciente interés del alumnado por este campo de estudio, exigiendo un contacto directo con los mismos a través de prácticas para interactuar con su fabricación y caracterización orientadas a aplicaciones concretas.

No obstante, debido a la situación actual de pandemia, la presencialidad en prácticas en este ámbito es dificultosa. Por este motivo, la creación de un recurso didáctico de realidad virtual donde el alumno pudiera interactuar con los biomateriales, pero sin poner en riesgo su salud, sería una alternativa altamente interesante. Así, el objetivo de este recurso es crear un videojuego (scape room) donde los alumnos, dentro de un laboratorio virtual, tengan que ir superando pruebas relacionadas con los biomateriales para poder salir de él y conseguir salvar a su paciente de una dolencia concreta. De esta forma, tendrán que pasar desde la elección de las materias primas, hasta la fabricación del biomaterial y su caracterización para solventar diferentes problemas médicos a contrarreloj. Con este videojuego, se pretende que los alumnos, a través de la gamificación de las prácticas, interactúen con los biomateriales aprendiendo de forma autónoma y sencilla. Además se pretende incrementar la motivación de los alumnos por el aprendizaje, fortalecer el conocimiento de los conceptos fundamentales adquiridos durante la asignatura (incluyendo aspectos de otras asignaturas) así como desarrollar sus habilidades comunicativas, trabajo en equipo y resolución de conflictos y problemas.
Permeability properties of woven fabrics containing two-ply fancy yarns
Authors: POZDEREC MIHA , GORJANC DUNJA ŠAJN
Published: April 2021

The basic intention of the presented research is to analyse the permeability properties of woven fabrics containing
two-ply fancy yarns in the weft direction. Within the framework of presented research, two-ply fancy yarns were
analysed. Because of their structure, they are classified as fancy yarns with structural effects. The first analysed two-ply
fancy yarn is made of the mixture of 81% cotton and 19% viscose. The second is made of the mixture of 67% viscose
and 33% flax. For the purpose of the presented research, woven fabrics containing two-ply fancy yarn were made in
three different densities in weft (10 threads per cm, 13 threads per cm, and 16 threads per cm) in the twill weave T 1/3 Z.
The theoretical part includes the historical development of the production of the fancy yarns, a detailed discussion of the
ring production processes, the types and the structure of the fancy yarns, their use, and the global and European market
of the fancy yarns. The experimental part consists of three parts. In the first part, the structural properties of the analysed
fancy yarns were researched (the fineness of the fancy yarn, the frequency of repeating the effects per one meter of the
yarn, the direction of twisting the fancy yarn, the number of the twists of the basic and the effective part, the diameter of
the fibers, the diameter of the basic and the effective part, the fineness of individual components, the direction of the
twist of individual components, and the percentage of the inside twist of individual components). In the second part,
constructional properties of the analysed woven fabrics with the fancy yarn in the weft were researched (mass,
thickness, the density of the warp and weft threads, and openness of the surface). In the third part, permeability
properties of the analysed woven fabrics with the fancy yarn in the weft were researched where greater attention was
paid to air permeability and water vapour permeability. The results of the research showed that the samples with the first
two-ply fancy yarn in the weft (81% cotton and 19% viscose) have greater air permeability and water vapour
permeability. Meanwhile, the samples with the second two-ply fancy yarn in the weft (67% viscose and 33% flax) have
lesser abrasion resistance and poorer dimensional stability while being washed.
Effect of filaments diameter on the mechanical properties of wrap
hybrid CFRP
Authors: O RUAN FANGTAO , XIA CHENGLONG , YANG LI , XU ZHENZHEN , TAO FEIYAN
Published: April 2021

In this paper, the vine-like structure of carbon bundles was designed through polyester fibre wrapping for better
mechanical properties. The effect of wrapped hybrid structure and diameters of polyester fibre on the mechanical
properties of carbon-polyester fibre/epoxy unidirectional composites was investigated experimentally. Five kinds of
specimens with different polyester filament diameters were produced. The impact, tensile and unidirectional
compressive properties of WHC (Wrap Hybrid Composite) were measured. Experimental results show that: it can be
developed with strength and toughness properties far superior to those of their constituents, the compressive fracture
morphology of specimens indicated that the fracture patterns of composites depend on wrapped hybrid structure,
polyester fibres with higher tensile strengths provide better impact resistance, while thinner wrapping fibres enhance the
compression properties of the composite material more effectively. The diameter of the wrapping fibre should be
optimized as per the application of the composite material. The vine-like structure can provide a new design method for
the structural design of continue fibre reinforced composite materials.
A preliminary study of printed electronics through flexography impression
on flexible substrates
Authors: RODES-CARBONELL ANA M. , FERRI JOSUÉ , GARCIA-BREIJO EDUARDO , BOU-BELDA EVA
Published: April 2021

The work is framed within Printed Electronics, an emerging technology for the manufacture of electronic products.
Among the different printing methods, the roll-to-roll flexography technique is used because it allows continuous
manufacturing and high productivity at low cost. Apart from the process parameters, the ink and the substrate properties
are some of the variables associated with the flexographic printing. Specifically, this study investigates the ink
penetration, the print uniformity, the adhesion, the fastness, and the electrical behaviour of the same conductive silver
ink printed on different flexible substrates through the flexography process. In addition to polymeric and siliconized paper
substrates, which are typical used in printed electronics, two substrates were also chosen for the study: woven and
nonwoven fabric. Optical, scanning electronic microscope (SEM), 4-point Kelvin and colour fastness to wash and
rubbing analyses have been performed. The results concluded that, regarding the conductivity behaviour, porous
substrates like textiles and nonwoven fabrics without pre and post treatments do not present acceptable results,
whereas polymers or silicone papers do. Nevertheless, woven and nonwoven fabrics are a suitable early option
regarding colour fastness to wash instead of thin polymeric and paper substrates that tear at the wash machine. A
solution for an optimal printing on textiles would be the surface substrates pre-treatment by applying different chemical
compounds that increase the adhesion of the ink on the fabric
WILL EXECUTION DURING COVID-19: LEGAL CHALLENGES IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Mohd Noor Nor Azlina , Abd Aziz Ahmad Shamsul
Published: April 2021

The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has posed several challenges to almost every aspect of our lives including the Wills writing industry. Due to this unprecedented phenomenon, over the past few months, processes, laws, and timelines have all been pushed to their limits. There are considerable practical and legal challenges to consider when making a will while social distancing, isolation, or quarantine measures are in place. This article aims to discuss the formalities that need to be complied with in executing a will and challenges in the Malaysian legal context in an era in which social distancing is the new normal. As Malaysian Law operated on parallel legal jurisdiction, this article limits the scope of discussion to the civil legal position impose on the non-Muslim in Malaysia by referring to Wills Act 1959 only. For this purpose, the discussion adopts the doctrinal analysis by examining the existing primary and secondary materials including statutory provisions, case law, and other legal and non-legal literature related to the will execution under civil law applicable to non-Muslim. This article concludes that restrictions on human interaction are challenging for assessing testamentary capacity and witnessing requirements as both of which are required to ensure the validity of Wills. For the time being, it appears that Malaysian law still insists to follow the strict conventional way of wills execution. The legislature should relax some strict requirement in the Wills Act 1959 during the COVID-19 outbreak or similarly exigent circumstances with several safeguards to ensure the validity of the Wills. A technological tool such as electronic signature, remote execution and digital will also good to be considered as an alternative solution in making a valid Will during pandemics.
DOES E-ARBITRATION PROVIDE A SUITABLE RESPONSE FOR THE “NEW NORMAL” PHENOMENON DURING THE ERA OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC?
Authors: Labanieh Mohamad Fateh , Hussain Mohammad Azam , Mahdzir Nazli
Published: April 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has put the global justice system under pressure and strain. Malaysia is among the countries that have been fundamentally strived to enhance access to justice for the disputing parties through traditional arbitration during the chaos of COVID-19. For instance, several well-known arbitration centres allow the conduct of oral hearings electronically besides other arbitral proceedings. By using legal research methodology, this article endeavours to examine whether e-arbitration can provide a suitable response for the “new normal” phenomenon during the COVID-19 pandemic. The collected data is then analytically and critically analysed using the content analysis method. This article finds that there are legal ambiguity and logistical challenges regarding the use of technologies for the purpose of oral hearing. Also, there is an urgent need to ensure that the right to equal treatment will not be compromised during e-hearing. Furthermore, the Malaysian authorities should examine the possibility of implanting e-arbitration on a full scale, since the role of electronic communication technologies in e-arbitration is fundamental rather than limited and restricted on facilitating the process of resolution as applied in traditional arbitration. Finally, this humble article provides several recommendations to enhance access to justice during and after the era of the COVID-19 pandemic because “Justice delayed is justice denied”.
THE INFLUENCE OF POLITICAL IDENTITY TOWARDS TOLERANCE PEOPLES IN PEMATANGSIANTAR CITY DURING THE GOVERNORS SUMATERA UTARA ELECTION IN 2018
Authors: Arifin Adil , Ritonga Fajar Utama
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study is to measure how much is influence political identity has on the tolerance of the people of Pematangsiantar City in the Governor Election of Sumatera Utara Province of 2018. The research method uses a quantitative approach with a correlation approach, the population in this study is Pematangsiantar City who is registered in the 2018 Daftar Pemilih Tetap (DPT), the research sample uses a 5% margin so that a sample of 399 people was obtained. The sampling technique used a proportional multistage random sampling spread over the research locations, namely 8 districts and 53 sub-districts in Pematangsiantar City. The data collection technique uses a research questionnaire that has been tested for its validity and reliability. data analysis technique using Rank Spearman. The results show the correlation between the political identity variable and the tolerance of peoples in Pematangsiantar City in the 2018 Sumatra Utara governor election is (-0.120) which means very weak, negative, significant, and a two-way significance value or sig (2-tailed) of 0.017 because the number of significance is 0.017<0.05. This illustrates that political identity has a weak influence on the tolerance of the Pematangsiantar City community in social life, if political identity is high, then the social tolerance of the community will be low (intolerance still occurs in differences in choice due to politics of identity/ethnicity, religion, and regional origin), however, if identity politics is low in the 2018 Sumatera Utara governor election, then social tolerance will be high. In conclusion, the people of Pematangsiantar City, which is known as “Tolerant City”, cannot be separated from the influence of political identity in the 2018 Sumatra Utara Governor Election.
The Joint Ministerial Decree (SKB) of Islamic Defenders Front (FPI): Quo Vadis The Rule of Law and Human Rights?
Authors: Disantara Fradhana Putra
Published: April 2021

The freedom of association is one of the fundamental rights of a country.  However, in Indonesia, the problems regarding of the legitimacy and recognition of the right to freedom of association have become stronger after the issuance of a The Joint Ministerial Decree (SKB) regarding the dissolution of the Islamic Defenders Front (FPI). This research is a legal research. This research uses statutory and conceptual approaches by using primary and secondary legal materials. The two legal materials are inventoried in order to obtain a prescriptive legal analysis; as well as providing a holistic conceptual study of the legal issues discussed. The research result states that the dissolution of FPI by the government is an act that violates human rights, particularly the right to freedom of association. The government uses the doctrine of the militant democracy to dissolve FPI. Then, the dissolution of FPI by SKB contradicts by the principle of the rule of law. Therefore, the dissolution of FPI was not carried out through to the court. Therefore, it is necessary to follow up on the action against 'radical mass organizations' in the form of presidential regulations or government regulations as a derivative renewal of the regulations concerning mass organizations.
Development of multi-degree-of-freedom noncontact transportation using holding force in near-filed acoustic levitation and consideration of factors of unstable operation
Authors: Kikuchi Kouhei , Kong Deqing , Kajiwara Hidekazu , Aoyagi Manabu
Published: April 2021

A non-contact transport method using near-field acoustic levitation has been studied. In this research, the levitated object is transported by multiple stators in steps. This transport method requires a large number of stators, but it has the advantage of precisef positioning because the levitated object is stopped and held on each stator. In addition, by arranging stators in two dimensions, transportation in two-dimensional direction is realized, but stable operation is not obtained, such as unintended rotation in transportation. Through experiments and analysis, we clarified under what conditions the transported object rotates.
Detecting non-covalent interactions in high vacuum by single molecule force spectroscopy: a brief review
Authors: Yang Jinxia , Cui Shuxun
Published: April 2021

Non-covalent interactions are very important for nanostructures. The detection of non-covalent interactions at the molecular scale is very difficult since they are too weak to detect in most cases. The disturbance from the liquid environment can be eliminated in high vacuum, which makes the detection of non-covalent interactions possible. This review introduces a method of high vacuum single molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) and summarizes a series of recent studies on non-covalent interactions by using SMFS. These studies include the van der Waals forces between a polymer chain and the substrate as well as the intrachain π–π interactions of a polymer chain, which cast new light on the non-covalent interactions.
Time-resolved spatial profiles of electron density and temperature in hydrogen plasmas induced by radiation from laser-produced tin plasmas for extreme ultraviolet lithography light sources
Authors: Kouge Kouichiro , Tomita Kentaro , Hotta Junya , Pan Yiming , Tomuro Hiroaki , Morita Masayuki , Yanagida Tatsuya , Uchino Kiichiro , Yamamoto Naoji
Published: April 2021

We observed the spatial and temporal changes of the electron density (n
e) and the electron temperature (T
e) of hydrogen plasmas around a laser-produced Sn plasma EUV source. The plasma parameters were measured by the laser Thomson scattering (LTS) method. In the experiment, the Sn plasmas are produced in H2 gas at a pressure of 50–200 Pa and the hydrogen plasmas were induced by radiation from the Sn plasmas. The LTS measurements were performed at distances 30–90 mm away from the Sn plasmas. In all cases, the strong bremsstrahlung radiation of the Sn plasmas easily overwhelmed the weak LTS signals. To suppress noise due to the radiation, the solid angle of radiation from the Sn plasmas was restricted. The experimental results show that the n
e was in the order of 1017 m−3 and T
e was around 0.7 eV.
Introduction of briefing and debriefing system in operating theaters in Pakistan A roadmap toward improving the safety and quality of healthcare in peri-operative period
Authors: Hasan Syed Shakir
Published: April 2021

Citation: Hasan SS. Introduction of briefing and debriefing system in operating theaters in Pakistan. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2021;25(2):129–131. DOI: 10.35975/apic.v25i2.1460
Anesthetic management of a patient with hollow viscus perforation due to blunt abdominal trauma with grade IV hemorrhagic shock
Authors: Sudjud Reza Widianto , Pohan Djoni Kusumah , Kurniawan Muhammad Budi , Ramila Hana Nur
Published: April 2021

Hemorrhagic shock is a form of hypovolemic shock in which severe blood loss leads to inadequate oxygen delivery at the cellular level. Death from hemorrhage represents a substantial global problem, with more than 60,000 deaths per year in the United States and an estimated 1.9 million deaths per year worldwide, 1.5 million of which result from physical trauma. This case report aims to stress the need of handling cases of hemorrhagic shock in accordance with damage control protocol.

Hemorrhagic shock management using permissive hypotension management, bleeding control, massive transfusion protocol (MTP), minimal crystalloid therapy, and adjuvant therapy is the best approach to get optimal outcome to prevent triad of death. In this case, the application of damage control resuscitation has not been fully implemented because of several constraints.

Key words: Hemorrhage; Hemorrhagic shock; Permissive hypotension; Massive Transfusion Protocol; MTP; Resuscitation; Damage control

Citation: Pohan DK, Sudjud RW, Kurniawan MB, Ramila HN. Anesthetic management on patient with hollow viscus perforation due to blunt abdominal trauma with grade IV hemorrhagic shock. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2021;25(2):217-221. DOI: 10.35975/apic.v25i2.1474

Received: 11 January 2021, Reviewed: 15 January 2021, Accepted: 16 February 2021
Evolution of ASA Physical status scoring system
Authors: Malik Mehreen , Urooj Sana , Imtiaz Aftab , Arif Arif Muhammad
Published: April 2021

Anesthesia Preoperative evaluation holds a prime importance in improving overall patient outcomes and decreases hospital expenditure. The American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status scoring system ASA-PS was introduced 70 years back in clinical practice and it still holds the lime light for stratifying patient population and considering the risk index and mortality outcomes to warn the surgeon. How has it evolved since the passing years? We will see how over centuries it has evolved. ASA PS has been a significant predictor in depicting morbidity and mortality and evaluating peri-operative risks in patients going for surgery for clinicians, researchers, hospital administrators and government. Further addition of examples of modifying ASA PS status is necessary to make it more comprehensive and easier to use even for non-anesthetists to improve overall peri-operative morbidity and mortality.

Key words: ASA PS (American Society of Anesthesiology Physical Status); Peri-operative outcomes

Citation: Malik M, Urooj S, Imtiaz A, Arif AM. Evolution of ASA Physical status scoring system. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2021;25(2):225-232. DOI: 10.35975/apic.v25i2.1476

Received: , Reviewed: , Accepted:
COVID-19 and the fundamental role of bioethics
Authors: Esteban Luz Adriana Templos , Jurez Montserrat Guadalupe
Published: April 2021

Key words: COVID-19, bioethics, palliative care

Citation: Esteban LAT, Jurez MG. COVID-19 and the fundamental role of bioethics. Anaesth pain intensive care 2021;25(2):244-245. DOI: 10.35975/apic.v25i2.1479

Received: 26 January 2021, Reviewed: 30 January 2021, Accepted: 13 February 2021
PAIN CARE ESSENTIALS
Authors: Ali Professor Liaquat
Published: April 2021

The best kept secret in pain management is in your own hands. Pain Care Essentials offers the readers a fingertip access to numerous topics in still emerging   field of pain medicine, including physical rehabilitation in pain management, peripheral nerve blocks, neuropathic pain, pediatric and elderly pain. This book provides an overview of pain mechanisms as currently understood, and details a variety of approaches to pain management used across a wide range of complementary disciplines.

Divided into four convenient sections; the book addresses Fundamentals and Evaluation, Treatment Modalities (including opioids, interventions and alternative medicine), common Chronic Pain and Urgent Pain Problems. Integrative care concepts are presented, emphasizing multi-disciplinary approaches to address the pain. Expert contributors describe therapeutic approaches of various pain conditions and implementing self-care management options.
CORRELATION AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF CAROTID INTIMA MEDIA THICKNESS, HSCRP IN CEREBROVASCULAR STROKE
Authors: Kumar Mathur Manoj , Kumar Chaurasia Ajeet , Gupta Poonam , Yadav Manish
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVE: CIMT and hsCRP are strongly related with cerebrovascular stroke.This study was done to evaluate patients with cerebrovascular
stroke, correlation of hsCRP, carotid intima media thickness with outcome. METHOD:This study was an observational cross-sectional study. The
study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, MLN Medical College and SRN Hospital, Allahabad .All individuals aged ≥18 years . Ethical
Committee approval was taken from Institutional Ethics Committee. Patient of CVA with symptoms lasting for more than 24 hours and admitted
within 72 hours after the onset of stroke were included in the study. Routine blood parameter including CBC, LFT, KFT, electrolyte, lipid prole
was done. HbA1c, hsCRP, CT Head/ MRI brain, Carotid Doppler to assess intima media thickness. RESULT: Total number of CVAcases selected
for study was 100,out of which 77patients (77%) had ischaemia and 23 (23%)patients had haemorrhage.Mean age of ischaemic patient was
(60.69±13.05) and mean age of haemorrhagic group was 67.74±13.79.In haemorrhagic group CIMT>0.5 mm was present in 21 % cases and CIMT
<0.5mm was seen in only 2 cases.This was statistically signicant.In ischaemic group CIMT>0.5mm was present in 73 % cases and CIMT<0.5mm
was 4% cases. This was also statistically signicant .CIMT was signicantly higher in haemorrhagic group. In haemorrhagic group hsCRP>3 was
present in 20 cases (20%) as compared to only 3 patients with hsCRP <3. This was statistically signicant. Mean hsCRP level was higher in
haemorrhagic group as compared to ischaemic group this correlate with increased risk of stroke in cases with hsCRPIn ischaemic group GCS<8
had higher hsCRPlevel as compared to cases of ischaemic stroke with GCS >8.In haemorrhagic group GCS<8 had lower hsCRPlevel as compared
to cases of haemorrhagic stroke with GCS >8. CONCLUSION: Carotid intima media thickness was higher in haemorrhagic group as compared to
ischaemic group. Haemorrhagic group (82.6%) had low GCS compare to ischaemic group (35.05%) while cases with haemorrhage have more left
ventricular diastolic dysfunction in comparison to ischaemic cases. Carotid intima media thickness, triglyceride and more left ventricular diastolic
dysfunction was higher in haemorrhagic group
LATARJET PROCEDURE FOR RECURRENT SHOULDER ANTERIOR INSTABILITY WITH LESS THAN 25% GLENOID BONE LOSS- ITS FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Kumar KV Arun , Kumar C Arun , K Venkatachalam , Rahul Vijay Gussain , V Y Ashwin , Karthik.S Saran , Kumar CH Hemanth , N T Mathai
Published: April 2021

Background: Latarjet procedure for a recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation with more than 25% of bone loss is a standard treatment with good
functional outcome. In glenoid bone loss < than25%, there is no concurrence in the surgery of choice between Bankart repair, Remplissage
procedure and Latarjet procedure. This study is aimed to study the functional outcome following Latarjet procedure in recurrent shoulder
instability in patients with < than 25% glenoid bone loss and also to assess the instability symptoms and complications following this procedure.
Methods: It is a Clinical, Prospective and Observational study on thirty patients with recurrent anterior dislocation of shoulder, with less than 25%
glenoid bone loss treated with Open Latarjet Procedure, at Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Kelambakkam, done between Jan 2017 to
Dec 2020, with a minimum follow-up of atleast 1year duration. Patients were post-operatively assessed functionally using Constant shoulder
score, Rowe scoring system and the Walch- Duplay index score. Clinical instability was also assessed using the Anterior Apprehension and
Anterior Drawer Test.
Results: In our study with thirty patients, who underwent Latarjet procedure, Functional outcome of the patients were assessed using the Constant
shoulder score, Rowe scoring system and the Walch- Duplay index score. The combined average percentage of Score of Scores of the three scoring
systems were 74.46% had Excellent results, 14.42% had Good and 11.12% of patients had Average or Fair results. None of the patients had any
instability symptoms post-operatively at the 1year post-op follow-up. Four patients had supercial Surgical Site Infections and 2 patients had
developed mild to moderate shoulder stiffness.
Conclusion: The Latarjet gives conrmationally Excellent to Good functional outcome and aid in the early return to activities of daily living and a
fewer failure rate. In patients with Recurrent Anterior Shoulder Dislocation, with even less than 25% Glenoid bone loss, it may be pertinent to
primarily consider the osseous option of a coracoid transfer (Latarjet) rather than opt for simpler Open Bankart, Arthroscopic Bankart or an
Arthroscopic Remplissage procedure alone. Thus, as a yardstick the bone loss concept, either on the Glenoidal or on the Humeral aspect, alone,
need to be the deciding factor. The fact remains that in the athletic or otherwise Recurrent Anterior Shoulder Dislocators, there is also a concomitant
humeral component, apart from the apparent and demonstrable Glenoid defect with the “Circle concept”.
POPLITEAL CYSTIC SCHWANNOMA MIMICKING BAKER CYST – AN UNUSUAL CASE PRESENTATION – CASE REPORT
Authors: Srujana Srujana , Gautam Ajay , Gupta Vikas , Singh Rajdeep , Khuraijam Bembem
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Schwannoma is the most common tumor of peripheral nerves. They are usually solitary, encapsulated, homogenous slow growing
masses, sometimes associated with pain and paresthesia.We present a case of schwannoma in an unusual location.
Case presentation: A 16 year old boy presented to surgical OPD with a slow growing left popliteal swelling for 6 months and neuralgia for 1
month. The swelling decreasing on knee exion. Based on clinical suspicion patient was operated for popliteal cyst. Intraoperatively there was
close association with nerve and it was difcult to dissect from nerve. So it was thought of being a nerve tumor. Surgical excision was done.
Histopathological examination revealed it to be Cystic Schwannoma.
Discussion: Schwannoma is the most common benign neoplasm of peripheral nerves. Cystic degeneration and repeated hemorrhages (10%) can
occur sometimes. There are two types of tissues in Schwannoma – Antoni A and Antoni B.Schwannoma varies from 2-20 cm in diameter. It is not
localized to any specic area; it can occur anywhere along peripheral nervous system in neck, mediastinum, retroperitoneum, pelvis, upper
extremities. It is extremely unusual in lower limb of which tibial nerve is uncommon site.
Conclusion: Diagnosis of schwannoma originating from lower extremity peripheral nerves may be delayed because it can be misdiagnosed as
Baker's Cyst or the symptoms of the patient can be thought as a result of lumbar disc herniation.Thorough clinical examination and investigations,
conrms the diagnosis, as management is different for both.
EFFICACY OF ULTRASOUND-GUIDED AUTOLOGOUS BLOOD INJECTION VERSUS EXTRACORPOREAL SHOCKWAVE THERAPY IN CHRONIC ACHILLES TENDINOPATHY: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: Jerang Obit , Nongmaithem Romi Singh , Yengkhom Jotin , Erumbanottil Shahin Kannamthodi , Anantharaman Dharshan Narasa
Published: April 2021

Objective:To evaluate the efcacy of ultrasound-guided autologous blood injection in chronic Achilles tendinopathy.
Design: Prospective randomised controlled trial.
Setting:Tertiary care hospital.
Participants: 45 patients of chronic Achilles tendinopathy.
Intervention: Participants were allocated to 2 groups i.e. autologous blood injection under ultrasound-guidance group (n=23) and extra corporeal
shockwave therapy group (n=22) while in both groups eccentric heel drop stretching exercise were added.
Outcome measures:VAS, VISA-Aand ultrasonography. Follow up at 4, 12 and 24 weeks.
Results: The mean VAS score changes within-subject analysis were signicant in both ABI and ESWT group (p<0.001), however between-group
analysis at 4, 12 and 24 weeks were not signicant (p>0.05). The mean VISA-A score within-subject analysis were signicant in both the groups
(p<0.001). The between-group analysis show signicant difference at 12 weeks (p=0.006) and 24 weeks (p=0.001). The between-group analysis
of mean tendon size were signicant at 24 weeks (p=0.001).
Conclusions: This study showed that ultrasound guided autologous blood injection is effective in reducing pain and disability in chronic Achilles
tendinopathy at 6 months. ABI might have additive regenerative therapeutic effect.