bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patient‐reported outcome measures compared to professional dental assessments of monolithic ZrO2 implant fixed dental prostheses in complete digital workflows: A double‐blind crossover randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gintaute Aiste , Zitzmann Nicola U. , Brägger Urs , Weber Karin , Joda Tim
Published: August 2022

Purpose

This double‐blind randomized controlled trial analyzed patient‐reported outcome measures in terms of subjective patient satisfaction compared to objective dental evaluation of prosthetic treatment with 3‐unit monolithic zirconium dioxide implant fixed dental prostheses (iFDPs) in 3 digital workflows.

Material and methods

Twenty patients were restored with 3 iFDPs each on Straumann TL‐implants with 2 completely digital workflows using different intraoral optical scanning systems with model‐free fabrication of the restoration (Trios 3/3Shape [Test‐1]; Virtuo Vivo/Straumann [Test‐2]), and mixed analog‐digital workflow with conventional impressions and digitized gypsum casts (Impregum/3M Espe [Control]). The order of impression‐taking and the prosthetic try‐in were randomly allocated. Sixty iFDPs were compared for patient satisfaction and dental evaluation using ANOVA.

Results

For iFDP evaluation, patients generally provided more favorable ratings than dental experts, regardless of the workflow. ANOVA revealed no significant difference for overall satisfaction when comparing Test‐1, Test‐2, or Control, either for patients (f‐ratio: 0.13; p = 0.876) or dentist (f‐ratio: 1.55: p = 0.221). Secondary, patients clearly favored the digital impression workflows over the conventional approach (f‐ratio: 14.57; p < 0.001). Overall, the 3Shape workflow (Test‐1) received the highest scores for all analyses.

Conclusions

The different digital workflows demonstrated minor influence on the subjective and objective evaluation of the monolithic zirconium dioxide iFDPs in nonesthetic regions; however, the dentist may significantly increase patient satisfaction by choosing intraoral scanning instead of conventional impressions. The dentist has to consider individual patients’ needs to fulfill their expectations for a personalized solution.
Intergenerational programming during the pandemic: Transformation during (constantly) changing times
Authors: Jarrott Shannon E. , Leedahl Skye N. , Shovali Tamar E. , De Fries Carson , DelPo Amy , Estus Erica , Gangji Caroline , Hasche Leslie , Juris Jill , MacInnes Roddy , Schilz Matthew , Scrivano Rachel M. , Steward Andrew , Taylor Catherine , Walker Anne
Published: August 2022

Intergenerational programs have long been employed to reduce ageism and optimize youth and older adult development. Most involve in‐person meetings, which COVID‐19 arrested. ​​Needs for safety and social contact were amplified during COVID‐19, leading to modified programming that engaged generations remotely rather than eliminating it. Our collective case study incorporates four intergenerational programs in five US states prior to and during COVID‐19. Each aims to reduce ageism, incorporating nutrition education, technology skills, or photography programming. Authors present case goals, participants, implementation methods, including responses to COVID‐19, outcomes, and lessons learned. Technology afforded opportunities for intergenerational connections; non‐technological methods also were employed. Across cases, programmatic foci were maintained through adaptive programming. Community partners’ awareness of immediate needs facilitated responsive programming with universities, who leveraged unique resources. While new methods and partnerships will continue post‐pandemic, authors concurred that virtual contact cannot fully substitute for in‐person relationship‐building. Remote programming maintained ties between groups ready to resume shared in‐person programming as soon as possible; they now have tested means for responding to routine or novel cancellations of in‐person programming. Able to implement in‐person and remote intergenerational programming, communities can fight ageism and pursue diverse goals regardless of health, transportation, weather, or other restrictions.
Couples losing kinship: A systematic review of weight stigma in romantic relationships
Authors: Schmidt Alexandria M. , Jubran Madeline , Salivar Emily Georgia , Brochu Paula M.
Published: August 2022

Romantic relationship quality is a robust predictor of health and well‐being. With increasing awareness of the pervasiveness and harm of weight stigma, it is important to understand the role of weight stigma within romantic relationships. This systematic review sought to synthesize the findings of research examining the association between weight stigma and relationship functioning. Following PRISMA guidelines, 32 relevant articles were identified. Only nine assessed or manipulated weight stigma directly; most measured body mass index (BMI) and examined associations with relationship outcomes. Although, the association between BMI and relationship functioning was inconsistent across studies, weight stigma, most notably in the form of weight criticism between partners, was consistently associated with poorer relationship functioning, including lower relationship satisfaction, sexual intimacy, relationship stability, and constructive communication during conflict. The existing literature is limited by convenience samples of primarily White, heterosexual adults in individualistic countries. Several studies reinforced and expressed weight stigmatizing beliefs due to reliance on weight‐normative perspectives on health to interpret findings. Future research is encouraged to examine the association between weight stigma and relationship functioning and underlying mechanisms using dyadic, longitudinal designs that incorporate weight‐inclusive approaches. The development of couples‐based interventions to address weight stigma in relationships is sorely needed.
Self‐disclosure of concealable stigmatized identities: A dyadic longitudinal investigation guided by the contact hypothesis
Authors: Ballinger Taylor , Canevello Amy , Crocker Jennifer , Jiang Tao , Quinn Diane M.
Published: August 2022

Stigma reduction research finds that brief interactions with a person with mental illness can reduce prejudiced attitudes. We examined whether this finding extends to real relationships over an extended period of time. First‐year college roommate dyads, one of whom reported a mental illness diagnosis participated in a longitudinal study (N = 166 dyads across three American universities). Based on contact theory, we tested whether mental illness prejudice declines when: (a) the student with mental illness disclosed that information to their roommate; (b) the roommate perceived the disclosure; and (c) the roommate relationship was close. Registered analyses showed that student disclosure predicted roommate perception (β = .52, p < .001), but roommate perception of the disclosure did not significantly predict reduced prejudice from the start to the end of the academic year (β = −.13, p = .172). Relationship closeness did not moderate how likely roommates were to perceive students’ disclosures. Notably, overall levels of mental illness prejudice were very low in this American college sample, suggesting that the value of stigma interventions may depend on the context. Directions for future research and social policy implications are discussed.
Composition of the Apollo 17 drive tube 76001 and the nonmare lithologies of the North Massif and Luna 20
Authors: Korotev Randy L.
Published: August 2022

Bulk composition data for 24 chemical elements are presented for regolith samples (<1 mm fines) from each of the 62 half‐centimeter dissection intervals along the 31 cm length of the 76001 vertical drive tube collected by astronauts at the base of the North Massif at station 6 of the Apollo 17 landing site. The core regolith is nearly uniform in composition with depth although the concentrations of Sc and Sm, for example, decrease from 28.5 μg g−1 Sc and 5.93 μg g−1 Sm at the top 2.5 cm to 26.9 μg g−1 Sc and 5.55 μg g−1 Sm at the bottom 2.5 cm. This change reflects an increase with depth in the relative abundance of Sm‐poor, feldspathic material, from 48.4% at the top to 50.1% at the bottom. On the basis of compositional mass balance, the feldspathic (nonmare) material of the station 6 regolith requires a substantial proportion of an Mg‐rich lithology, ~27% when modeled as troctolite sample 76535. The remaining 73% is nominally Sm‐poor anorthositic norite in composition. No such Mg‐rich component is required to account for the composition of the regolith of the South Massif (stations 2 and 3). The total feldspathic component of the North Massif regolith, normatively an anorthositic troctolite (74 vol% plagioclase, olivine:pyroxene = 55:45, Mg′ = 78%), is very similar to that of the nonmare component of the Luna 20 regolith collected 910 km to the southeast on the Crisium ejecta deposit. We also present new composition data for 21, 25, and 16 small lithic fragments (0.1–3.9 mg each) from the regoliths of the Luna 16, 20, and 24 missions.
Methionine oxidation under anaerobic conditions in Escherichia coli
Authors: Loiseau Laurent , Vergnes Alexandra , Ezraty Benjamin
Published: August 2022

Repairing oxidative‐targeted macromolecules is a central mechanism necessary for living organisms to adapt to oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen and chlorine species preferentially oxidize sulfur‐containing amino acids in proteins. Among these amino acids, methionine can be converted into methionine sulfoxide. This post‐translational oxidation can be reversed by methionine sulfoxide reductases, Msr enzymes. In Gram‐negative bacteria, the antioxidant MsrPQ system is involved in the repair of periplasmic oxidized proteins. Surprisingly, in this study, we observed in Escherichia coli that msrPQ was highly expressed in the absence of oxygen. We have demonstrated that the anaerobic induction of msrPQ was due to chlorate (ClO3−) contamination of the Casamino Acids. Molecular investigation led us to determine that the reduction of chlorate to the toxic oxidizing agent chlorite (ClO2−) by the three nitrate reductases (NarA, NarZ, and Nap) led to methionine oxidation of periplasmic proteins. In response to this stress, the E. coli HprSR two‐component system was activated, leading to the over‐production of MsrPQ. This study, therefore, supports the idea that methionine oxidation in proteins is part of chlorate toxicity, and that MsrPQ can be considered as an anti‐chlorate/chlorite defense system in bacteria. Finally, this study challenges the traditional view of the absence of Met‐oxidation during anaerobiosis.
Associations among social engagement, meal‐related behaviour, satisfaction with food‐related life and wellbeing in Danish older adults living alone
Authors: Faber Ilona , Bjørner Thomas , Buch‐Andersen Tine , Perez‐Cueto Federico J. A.
Published: August 2022

The present study aimed at exploring associations among meal‐related behaviour, social engagement factors, satisfaction with food‐related life (SWFL) to assess food‐related wellbeing and subjective wellbeing in Danish older adults living alone. Three hundred and eighty‐eight older adults aged 65–75 years from six Danish municipalities completed an online or article‐based survey addressing home cooking, commensality, loneliness, SWFL and subjective wellbeing. Home cooking frequency and self‐perceived cooking skills were positively associated with SWFL but not with subjective wellbeing. Commensality was positively associated with SWFL but was not associated with subjective wellbeing. The level of loneliness was negatively associated with SWFL and with subjective wellbeing. Satisfaction with food‐related life and subjective health status were positively associated with subjective wellbeing. Male and female respondents did not differ in meal‐related behaviour, social engagement factors, SWFL and wellbeing. While the cross‐sectional nature of this study does not allow for the direction of causality to be determined, these results suggest that older adults living alone could benefit from a higher frequency of home‐cooked meals, a higher level of self‐perceived cooking skills and commensality to support SWFL. A higher level of SWFL could, in turn, lead to a higher level of wellbeing.
Experimental analysis of organ decay and pH gradients within a carcass and the implications for phosphatization of soft tissues
Authors: Clements Thomas , Purnell Mark A. , Gabbott Sarah
Published: August 2022

Replacement of soft tissues by calcium phosphate can yield spectacular fossils. However, in the fossil record, the phosphatization of internal organs is highly selective; some internal organs, such as muscles, stomachs, and intestines, appear to preferentially phosphatize while other organs seldom phosphatize. The reasons for this are unclear but one hypothesis is that, during decay, organs create distinct chemical microenvironments and only some fall below the critical pH threshold for mineralization to occur (i.e. below the carbonic acid dissociation constant: pH 6.38). Here, we present a novel investigation using microelectrodes that record dynamic spatial and temporal pH gradients inside organs within a fish carcass in real time. Our experiments demonstrate that within a decaying fish carcass, organ‐specific microenvironments are not generated. Rather, a pervasive pH environment forms within the body cavity which persists until integumentary failure. With no evidence to support the development of organ‐specific microenvironments during decay our data suggest other factors must control differential organ phosphatization. We propose, that when conditions are amenable, it is tissue biochemistry that plays an important role in selective phosphatization. Tissues with high phosphate content (and those rich in collagen) are most likely to phosphatize. Internal organs that typically have lower tissue‐bound phosphate, including the integuments of the stomach and intestine, may require other sources of phosphate such as ingested phosphate‐rich organic matter. If tissue biochemistry is the driver behind selective phosphatization, this may provide insights into other highly selective modes of soft‐tissue preservation (e.g. pyritization).
Malnutrition and immune cell subsets in children undergoing kidney transplantation
Authors: Shaw Brian I. , Lee Hui‐Jie , Ettenger Robert , Grimm Paul , Reed Elaine F. , Sarwal Minnie , Stempora Linda , Warshaw Barry , Zhao Congwen , Martinez Olivia M. , MacIver Nancie J. , Kirk Allan D. , Chambers Eileen T.
Published: August 2022

Background

Malnutrition, including obesity and undernutrition, among children is increasing in prevalence and is common among children on renal replacement therapy. The effect of malnutrition on the pre‐transplant immune system and how the pediatric immune system responds to the insult of both immunosuppression and allotransplantation is unknown. We examined the relationship of nutritional status with post‐transplant outcomes and characterized the peripheral immune cell phenotypes of children from the Immune Development of Pediatric Transplant (IMPACT) study.

Methods

Ninety‐eight patients from the IMPACT study were classified as having obesity, undernutrition, or normal nutrition‐based pre‐transplant measurements. Incidence of infectious and alloimmune outcomes at 1‐year post‐transplantation was compared between nutritional groups using Gray's test and Fine‐Gray subdistribution hazards model. Event‐free survival was estimated by Kaplan–Meier method and compared between groups. Differences in immune cell subsets between nutritional groups over time were determined using generalized estimating equations accounting for the correlation between repeated measurements.

Results

We did not observe that nutritional status was associated with infectious or alloimmune events or event‐free survival post‐transplant. We demonstrated that children with obesity had distinct T‐and B‐cell signatures relative to those with undernutrition and normal nutrition, even when controlling for immunosuppression. Children with obesity had a lower frequency of CD8 Tnaive cells 9‐month post‐transplant (p < .001), a higher frequency of CD4 CD57 + PD1‐ T cells, and lower frequencies of CD57‐PD1+ CD8 and CD57‐PD1‐ CD8 T cells at 12‐month transplant (p < .05 for all).

Conclusions

Children with obesity have distinct immunophenotypes that may influence the tailoring of immunosuppression.
BK DNAemia in pediatric kidney transplant recipients: Predictors and outcomes
Authors: Schoephoerster Jamee , Jensen Chelsey , Jackson Scott , Plautz Emilee , Balani Shanthi , Kouri Anne , Kizilbash Sarah J.
Published: August 2022

Background

Pediatric data on risk factors and the clinical course of BK DNAemia are limited. We aimed to determine the effects of BK DNAemia on transplant outcomes and delineate the safety and efficacy of various treatment approaches.

Methods

This retrospective‐cohort study included 161 transplants (age ≤ 21 years) performed at a single center between 1/1/2012 and 1/1/2020. We used Cox proportional models to evaluate the effects of BK DNAemia on patient survival (PS), graft survival (GS), and acute rejection (AR), using BK as a time‐dependent covariate. We also assessed the effects of pharmacological intervention on BK DNAemia duration using intervention as a time‐dependent covariate.

Results

BK‐free survival was 69.1% at 1‐year and 54.6% at 3‐year posttransplant. After multivariate adjustment, BK DNAemia was associated with young age at transplant (aHR, age 5–<12 vs. ≥12 (years): 2.5 (1.4–4.5); p = .001) and steroid‐based immunosuppression (IS) (aHR: 2.2 [1.1–4.5]; p = .03). We found no effect of DNAemia on AR (aHR: 1.25; p = .5), PS (aHR: 2.85; p = .22), and GS (aHR: 0.56; p = .41). Of 70 patients with DNAemia, 22 (31.4%) received no treatment, 20 (28.6%) received IS reduction alone, and 28 patients (40%) received treatment with at least one pharmacological agent (leflunomide, IVIG, ciprofloxacin, cidofovir). Sixty‐three patients (90%) cleared DNAemia with median time to resolution of 2.4 months (IQR:1.4–5.6). We found no significant effect of BK‐directed pharmacological treatment on time to resolution (aHR: 0.64;p = .13). BK‐directed agents were well tolerated.

Conclusions

BK DNAemia is associated with a young age at transplant and steroid‐based maintenance IS. We found no effect of BK DNAemia on AR, GS, and PS.
Resolving Ultrafast Photoinitiated Dynamics of the Hachimoji 5‐aza‐7‐deazaguanine Nucleobase: Impact of Synthetically Expanding the Genetic Alphabet†
Authors: Krul Sarah E. , Costa Gustavo J. , Hoehn Sean J. , Valverde Danillo , Oliveira Leonardo M. F. , Borin Antonio Carlos , Crespo‐Hernández Carlos E.
Published: August 2022

The guanine derivative, 5‐aza‐7‐deazaguanine (5N7CG) has recently been proposed as one of four unnatural bases, termed Hachimoji (8‐letter) to expand the genetic code. We apply steady‐state and time‐resolved spectroscopy to investigate its electronic relaxation mechanism and probe the effect of atom substitution on the relaxation mechanism in polar protic and polar aprotic solvents. Mapping of the excited state potential energy surfaces is performed, from which the critical points are optimized by using the state‐of‐art extended multi‐state complete active space second‐order perturbation theory. It is demonstrated that excitation to the lowest energy 1ππ* state of 5N7CG results in complex dynamics leading to ca. 10‐ to 30‐fold slower relaxation (depending on solvent) compared with guanine. A significant conformational change occurs at the S1 minimum, resulting in a 10‐fold greater fluorescence quantum yield compared with guanine. The fluorescence quantum yield and S1 decay lifetime increase going from water to acetonitrile to propanol. The solvent‐dependent results are supported by the quantum chemical calculations showing an increase in the energy barrier between the S1 minimum and the S1/S0 conical intersection going from water to propanol. The longer lifetimes might make 5N7CG more photochemically active to adjacent nucleobases than guanine or other nucleobases within DNA.
Takotsubo syndrome after a minimally invasive tooth extraction in a patient without dental phobia: A case report
Authors: Takuma Shigeru , Asaka Takuya , Kitagawa Yoshimasa , Fujisawa Toshiaki
Published: August 2022

Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is a rare, stress‐induced acute cardiac disorder. Its precipitating factors include emotionally or physically stressful events and exogenous and endogenous adrenaline. In this report, we describe a case of atypical TTS in a 73‐year‐old woman who reported no dental fear and required acute cardiac care in an outpatient setting. She underwent routine extraction of an upper left premolar under local anesthesia. She reported heart palpitations after the injection, and the procedure was completed in 15 min. After presenting symptoms of sweating, pale skin, vomiting, low blood pressure, and ST‐segment elevation, cardiologists ordered echocardiography, coronary angiography, and ventriculography. Upon receiving a TTS diagnosis, the patient was hospitalized and administered an intra‐aortic balloon pump and beta‐blocker. Her symptoms resolved, and she was discharged with no sequelae. We found no precipitating factors in the progression of TTS in this case, which suggests that TTS can develop in the absence of precipitating factors. All general dentists and oral surgeons should recognize the possible risk of TTS, even during minimally invasive dental procedures, such as routine extractions in patients without dental phobia.
The physical environment is essential, but what does the design and structure of stroke units look like? A descriptive survey of inpatient stroke units in Sweden
Authors: Anåker Anna , Morichetto Hanna , Elf Marie
Published: August 2022

Background

The design of the physical environment is a critical factor in patient care and is known to influence health, well‐being, clinical efficiency, and health‐related outcomes. To date, there has been no general review of the physical environment of modern Swedish stroke units.

Aim

To explore the physical environment of inpatient stroke units in Sweden and describe the design and structure of these units.

Methods

This was a cross‐sectional study. Data were collected in Sweden from April to July 2021 via a survey questionnaire.

Results

The layout of the stroke units varied broadly, such as the number of single‐bed and multi‐bed rooms. More than half the stroke units comprised spaces for rehabilitation and had an enriched environment in the form of communal areas with access to computers, games, books, newspapers, and meeting places. However, they offered sparse access to plants and/or scenery.

Conclusions

Healthcare environments are an essential component of a sustainable community. From a sustainability perspective, healthcare facilities must be built with high architectural quality and from a long‐term perspective. Research on the physical environment in healthcare should contribute to improved quality of care, which can be achieved through building healthcare facilities that support the performance of care and recovery. Therefore, mapping of areas of interest for further investigation is crucial.
Strategy‐proof size improvement: is it possible?*
Authors: Afacan Mustafa Oğuz , Dur Umut
Published: August 2022

The number of assigned agents (i.e., size) is an important parameter in object allocations. While size maximality clashes with individual rationality and strategy‐proofness, it can still be possible to increase the size over a mechanism while keeping these properties. To pursue this research, we devise a size comparison criterion to investigate the possibility of size increase. A mechanism size‐wise dominates another mechanism if the latter never assigns more agents than the former, and at some problem, assigns more agents than . We obtain arguably mild conditions for a mechanism to not be dominated size‐wise by an individually rational and strategy‐proof mechanism. Moreover, whenever there are at least as many objects as the total number of agents, we find conditions, different from those previously mentioned, for a mechanism to not be dominated size‐wise by an individually rational and group strategy‐proof mechanism. These results have implications for deferred‐acceptance, top trading cycles, efficiency‐adjusted deferred‐acceptance, serial dictatorship, and Boston mechanisms.
Time Trends of Step-Determined Physical Activity Among Adolescents With Different Activity Levels in Czech Republic
Authors: Frömel Karel , Mitáš Josef , Tudor-Locke Catrine
Published: August 2022

Background: This study aimed to present step-determined physical activity trends in adolescents with different activity levels over a period of 10 years. Methods: Pedometers were used to monitor weekly physical activity in 1855 boys and 2648 girls aged 15–19 years recruited from 155 schools in the Czech Republic between 2009 and 2018. Trends for average steps/day and percent of accumulating various levels of steps/day (<10,000, 10,000–13,000, and >13,000 steps/d) were analyzed by sex. Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in average steps/day between 2009–2010 and 2017–2018 in boys from 12,355 (3936) steps/d to 10,054 (3730) steps/d and girls from 11,501 (3278) steps/d to 10,216 (3288) steps/d. The percent accumulating <10,000 steps/d increased by 21% in boys and 12% in girls. The percent achieving >13,000 steps/d decreased by 17% in boys and 10% in girls. Conclusions: Objectively collected evidence indicates an overall decrease in Czech adolescents’ steps/day over a 10-year period concurrent with an increase in the percent of boys and girls accumulating <10,000 steps/d. These trends are concerning as they portend a decline in physical activity as adolescents transition to adulthood and continue to age, which also may have major health implications.
Is Myofascial Decompression Effective at Increasing Hamstring Flexibility in the Athletic Population? A Critically Appraised Topic
Authors: Spellman Julia , Eldredge Rachel , Nelson Melissa , Ostrowski Jennifer , Concannon Jennifer
Published: August 2022

Clinical Scenario: There are a variety of therapeutic modalities used to treat flexibility issues in athletes, which can be the main cause of hamstring injuries. Myofascial decompression is one modality used to treat these patients. Focused Clinical Question: Is myofascial decompression effective at increasing hamstring flexibility in the athletic population? Summary of Search, “Best Evidence” Appraised, and Key Findings: The literature was searched for studies of level 2 evidence or higher that investigated the use of myofascial decompression to increase hamstring flexibility, that were published in the last 5 years. Two high-quality randomized controlled trials were included and one cohort study. Clinical Bottom Line: There is not enough consistent, clinically significant, high-level evidence to support the use of myofascial decompression to increase hamstring flexibility. Strength of Recommendation: There is level B evidence to support that myofascial decompression is effective at increasing hamstring flexibility.
The Glycine-Glucolipid of Alcanivorax borkumensis Is Resident to the Bacterial Cell Wall
Authors: Cui Jiaxin , Hölzl Georg , Karmainski Tobias , Tiso Till , Kubicki Sonja , Thies Stephan , Blank Lars M. , Jaeger Karl-Erich , Dörmann Peter
Published: August 2022

Alcanivorax borkumensis
is one of the most abundant marine bacteria found in areas of oil spills, where it degrades alkanes. The production of a glycine-glucolipid is considered an essential element for alkane degradation.
Quorum Sensing Regulation of a Major Facilitator Superfamily Transporter Affects Multiple Streptococcal Virulence Factors
Authors: Chang Jennifer C. , Wilkening Reid V. , Rahbari Kate M. , Federle Michael J.
Published: August 2022

The production of virulence factors is a tightly regulated process in bacterial pathogens. Efforts to elucidate the mechanisms by which genes are regulated may advance the understanding of factors influencing pathogen behavior or cellular physiology.
Introducing Wound Healing Assays in the Undergraduate Biology Laboratory Using Ibidi Plates
Authors: Suh Yewseok K. , Robinson Ashley , Zanghi Nicholas , Kratz Austin , Gustetic Andrew , Crow Mackenzie M. , Ritts Taylor , Hankey William , Segarra Verónica A.
Published: August 2022

The wound healing assay is a simple and inexpensive method that allows researchers to experimentally mimic cell growth and migration leading to wound healing. In this assay, a wound is created on a monolayer of cultured mammalian cells and cell migration is monitored.
Altered Immunoglobulin Repertoire and Decreased IgA Somatic Hypermutation in the Gut during Chronic HIV-1 Infection
Authors: Jones Sean T. , Guo Kejun , Cooper Emily H. , Dillon Stephanie M. , Wood Cheyret , Nguyen David H. , Shen Guannan , Barrett Bradley S. , Frank Daniel N. , Kroehl Miranda , Janoff Edward N. , Kechris Katerina , Wilson Cara C. , Santiago Mario L.
Published: August 2022

The gut is a major site of early HIV-1 replication and pathogenesis. Extensive CD4
+
T cell depletion in this compartment results in a compromised epithelial barrier that facilitates the translocation of microbes into the underlying lamina propria and systemic circulation, resulting in chronic immune activation.
Rotavirus Spike Protein VP4 Mediates Viroplasm Assembly by Association to Actin Filaments
Authors: Vetter Janine , Papa Guido , Seyffert Michael , Gunasekera Kapila , De Lorenzo Giuditta , Wiesendanger Mahesa , Reymond Jean-Louis , Fraefel Cornel , Burrone Oscar R. , Eichwald Catherine
Published: August 2022

The spike protein VP4 participates in diverse steps of the rotavirus (RV) life cycle, including virus-cell attachment, internalization, modulation of endocytosis, virion morphogenesis, and virus egress. Using reverse genetics, we constructed for the first time a recombinant RV, rRV/VP4-BAP, harboring a heterologous peptide in the lectin domain (loop K145-G150) of VP4.
Effect of Baloxavir and Oseltamivir in Combination on Infection with Influenza Viruses with PA/I38T or PA/E23K Substitutions in the Ferret Model
Authors: Koszalka Paulina , George Ankita , Dhanasekaran Vijaykrishna , Hurt Aeron C. , Subbarao Kanta
Published: August 2022

Influenza viruses cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide but can be treated with antiviral drugs. In 2018, a highly effective antiviral drug, baloxavir marboxil, was licensed.
Draft Genome Sequence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.
cubense
Tropical Race 4 from Peru, Obtained by Nanopore and Illumina Hybrid Assembly
Authors: Leiva Ana M. , Rouard Mathieu , Lopez-Alvarez Diana , Cenci Alberto , Breton Catherine , Acuña Rosalyn , Rojas Juan Carlos , Dita Miguel , Cuellar Wilmer J.
Published: August 2022

Fusarium oxysporum
f. sp.
cubense
tropical race 4 (Foc TR4) is the causal agent of
Fusarium
wilt, a major threat to the banana industry worldwide. Here, we report the genome of a Foc TR4 strain from Peru, sequenced using a combination of Illumina and Oxford Nanopore Technologies.
Complete Genome Sequences of Three Lactobacillus gasseri Urine Isolates Obtained from Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Shipman Braden M. , Nguyen Amber , Sharon Belle M. , Zimmern Philippe E. , De Nisco Nicole J.
Published: August 2022

Lactobacillus gasseri
frequently colonizes the lower urinary tract of healthy women. However, the role of
L. gasseri
in urinary tract health and the genes required for urinary tract colonization are poorly understood. Herein, we announce the complete genome sequences of three
Lactobacillus gasseri
isolates collected from the urine of postmenopausal women.
Phylogenomic Diversity Elucidates Mechanistic Insights into Lyme Borreliae-Host Association
Authors: Combs Matthew , Marcinkiewicz Ashley L. , Dupuis Alan P. , Davis April D. , Lederman Patricia , Nowak Tristan A. , Stout Jessica L. , Strle Klemen , Fingerle Volker , Margos Gabriele , Ciota Alexander T. , Diuk-Wasser Maria A. , Kolokotronis Sergios-Orestis , Lin Yi-Pin
Published: August 2022

Host association is the phenotype that is commonly found in many pathogens that preferential survive in particular hosts. The Lyme disease (LD)-causing agent,
B. burgdorferi
(
Bb
), is an ideal model to study host association, as
Bb
is mainly maintained in nature through rodent and avian hosts.
AhrC Negatively Regulates Streptococcus mutans Arginine Biosynthesis
Authors: Jing Meiling , Zheng Ting , Gong Tao , Yan Jiangchuan , Chen Jiamin , Lin Yongwang , Tang Boyu , Ma Qizhao , Zhou Xuedong , Li Yuqing
Published: August 2022

Arginine metabolism is essential for bacterial growth. The regulation of intracellular arginine metabolism in
Streptococcus mutans
, one of the major pathogens of dental caries, is unclear.
High Prevalence and Persistence of Escherichia coli Strains Producing Shiga Toxin Subtype 2k in Goat Herds
Authors: Yang Xi , Liu Qian , Bai Xiangning , Hu Bin , Jiang Deshui , Jiao Hongbo , Lu Liangmei , Fan Ruyue , Hou Peibin , Matussek Andreas , Xiong Yanwen
Published: August 2022

Strains of the recently reported Stx2k-STEC have been circulating in a variety of sources over time in China. Here, we show a high prevalence of Stx2k-STEC in goat herds.
Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium abscessus Isolates Recovered from German Cystic Fibrosis Patients
Authors: Wetzstein Nils , Diricks Margo , Kohl Thomas A. , Wichelhaus Thomas A. , Andres Sönke , Paulowski Laura , Schwarz Carsten , Lewin Astrid , Kehrmann Jan , Kahl Barbara C. , Dichtl Karl , Hügel Christian , Eickmeier Olaf , Smaczny Christina , Schmidt Annika , Zimmermann Stefan , Nährlich Lutz , Hafkemeyer Sylvia , Niemann Stefan , Maurer Florian P. , Hogardt Michael
Published: August 2022

Mycobacterium abscessus
is a major respiratory pathogen in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Recently it has been shown that dominant global clonal complexes (DCCs) have spread worldwide among CF patients.
Genetic Evidence in Favor of a Polyketide Origin of Acremeremophilanes, the Fungal “Sesquiterpene” Metabolites
Authors: Bansal Ravindra , Sethy Sunil Kumar , Khan Zareen , Shaikh Nasiruddin , Banerjee Kaushik , Mukherjee Prasun K.
Published: August 2022

The article contradicts the established fact that acremeremophilane metabolites produced by fungi are sesquiterpenes; instead, our findings suggest that at least some of these well-studied metabolites are of polyketide origin. Acremeremophilane metabolites are of medicinal significance, and the present findings have implications for the metabolic engineering of these metabolites and also their overproduction in microbial cell factories.
Application of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing in the Diagnosis of Pneumonia Caused by Chlamydia psittaci
Authors: Tang Junli , Tan Wanmei , Luo Lingxin , Xu Huan , Li Na
Published: August 2022

Psittacosis pneumonia is easily underdiagnosed and misdiagnosed. In this study, we use mNGS in the diagnosis of psittacosis pneumonia.
Supplemental Material: Chemistry Education for the Geosciences: Perceptions of Importance and Relevant Knowledge
Authors: LaDue Nicole D. , Zocher Erika
Published: August 2022

 Item 1: original survey administered in this study. Item 2: original data from this study. 
Fifteen minute consultation: Approach to a school age child with suspected learning disability
Authors:   Paediatric Research Across the Midlands (PRAM) Network
Published: August 2022

There are an estimated 1.5 million people in the UK with a learning disability, of which 351 000 are children (2.5% of total childhood population). It is recognised that for people with learning disabilities to have the best life chance, early identification and appropriate intervention in childhood is key. However, learning disabilities often go undiagnosed. We present a structured practical approach to assessing the school-aged child who presents with a possible learning disability.
Optimising the reach of mobile health messaging programmes: an analysis of system generated data for the Kilkari programme across 13 states in India
Authors: Mohan Diwakar , Bashingwa Jean Juste Harrisson , Scott Kerry , Arora Salil , Rahul Sai , Mulder Nicola , Chamberlain Sara , LeFevre Amnesty Elizabeth
Published: August 2022

Kilkari is an outbound service that makes weekly, stage-based, prerecorded calls about reproductive, maternal, neonatal and child health directly to families’ mobile phones, starting from the second trimester of pregnancy and until the child is 1 year old. Since its initiation in 2012–2013, Kilkari has scaled to 13 states across India. In this analysis article, we explored the subscriber’s journey from entry to programme to engagement with calls. Data sources included call data records and household survey data from the 2015 National Family Health Survey. In 2018, of the 13.6 million records received by MOTECH, the technology platform that powers Kilkari, 9.5 million (~70%) were rejected and 4.1 million new subscribers were created. Overall, 21% of pregnant women across 13 states were covered by the programme in 2018, with West Bengal and Himachal Pradesh reaching a coverage of over 50%. Among new subscriptions in 2018, 63% were subscribed during pregnancy and 37% after childbirth. Of these, over 80% were ever reached by Kilkari calls and 39% retained in the programme. The main causes for deactivation of subscribers from the system were low listenership and calls going unanswered for six continuous weeks. Globally, Kilkari is the largest maternal mobile messaging programme of its kind in terms of number of subscribers but the coverage among pregnant women remains low. While call reach appears to be on the higher side, subscriber retention is low; this highlights broader challenges with providing mobile health services at scale across India.
Factors influencing the safety of outpatient coronary CT angiography: a clinical registry study
Authors: Andre Florian , Fortner Philipp , Emami Mostafa , Seitz Sebastian , Brado Matthias , Gückel Friedemann , Sokiranski Roman , Sommer André , Frey Norbert , Görich Johannes , Buss Sebastian J
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Since the safety of coronary CT angiography (CTA) is of great importance, especially with regard to widening indications and increasing morbidity, the aim of this study was to assess influencing factors.

Methods

Patients undergoing coronary CTA in a third-generation dual-source CT in a radiological centre were included in a clinical registry. Up to 20 mg metoprolol was administered intravenously to attain a heart rate ≤65/min. Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) was administered in doses of 0.8 mg and 0.4 mg. Blood pressure was measured before the administration and after the CTA.

Results

Out of 5500 consecutive patients (3194 men, 62.3 (54.9–70.0) years), adverse events occurred in 68 patients (1.2%) with mild anaphylactoid reactions (0.4%), vasovagal symptoms (0.3%) and extravasation (0.3%) being most frequent. Anti-allergic drugs were given in 17 patients, atropine in 3 patients and volume in 1 patient. Drug administration resulted in a significant mean arterial pressure decline (96.0 (88.3–106.0) vs 108.7 (99.7–117.3) mmHg; p<0.001). Patients who suffered systolic blood pressure drops >20 mmHg or >40 mmHg were older (66.5 (58.6–73.3) vs 60.5 (53.6–68.3) years; 70.2 (63.3–76.5) vs 62.1 (54.7–69.6) years), more often male (65.1% vs 54.4%; 68.9% vs 57.3%) and had higher Agatston score equivalents (83.0 (2.0–432.0) vs 15.0 (0.0–172.0); 163.0 (16.3–830.8) vs 25.0 (0.0–220.0); all p<0.001). GTN dose reduction lowered the fraction of patients suffering from blood pressure drops >20 mmHg or >40 mmHg from 34.5% to 27.4% and from 6.1% to 3.5% (both p<0.001), respectively. The proportion of coronary segments with impaired image quality did not differ significantly.

Conclusions

Coronary CTA with intravenous beta-blocker administration is a safe procedure in an outpatient setting as adverse events are rare and mostly mild. Reduced GTN doses can further improve safety by lowering the rate of significant blood pressure drops, which occurred especially in elderly men with increased plaque burden.

Trial registration number

NCT03815123.
Interventions for and experiences of shared decision-making underpinning reproductive health, family planning options and pregnancy for women with or at high risk of kidney disease: a systematic review and qualitative framework synthesis
Authors: Mc Laughlin Leah , Neukirchinger Barbara , Noyes Jane
Published: August 2022

Objective

To determine intervention effects and synthesise qualitative research that explored women with or at high risk of kidney disease experiences of shared decision-making in relation to their reproductive health, family planning options and pregnancy.

Design

A systematic review of interventions and a qualitative evidence synthesis.

Data sources

We searched Cochrane, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus, ProQuest, Elsevier, PubMed, ScienceDirect and Web of Science.

Eligibility criteria

Shared decision-making interventions and qualitative studies related to reproductive health involving women with or at high risk of kidney disease published from 1980 until January 2021 in English (clinical settings, global perspective).

Data extraction and synthesis

Titles were screened against the inclusion criteria and full-text articles were reviewed by the whole team. Framework synthesis was undertaken.

Results

We screened 1898 studies. No evidence-based interventions were identified. 18 qualitative studies were included, 11 kidney disease-specific studies and 7 where kidney disease was a common comorbidity. Women frequently felt unprepared and uninformed about their reproductive options. Conversations with healthcare professionals were commonly described as frustrating and unhelpful, often due to a perceived loss of autonomy and a mismatch in preferences and life goals. Examples of shared decision-making were rare. Kidney disease exacerbated societal expectations of traditional gender roles (eg, wife, mother, carer) including capability to have children and associated factors, for example, parenting, (sexual) relationships, body image and independent living (including financial barriers to starting a family). Local interventions were limited to types of counselling. A new health system model was developed to support new interventions.

Conclusion

There is a clear need to establish new interventions, test those already in development and develop new clinical guidance for the management of women with or at high risk of kidney disease in relation to their reproductive health, including options to preserve fertility earlier. Other health conditions with established personalised reproductive care packages, for example, cancer, could be used to benchmark kidney practice alongside the new model developed here.
Differences in opioid prescription rates between patients with musculoskeletal disorders enrolled in coordinated ambulatory healthcare and patients receiving usual care: a retrospective observational cohort study
Authors: Müller Angelina , Amberger Olga Anastasia , Glushan Anastasiya , Klaaßen-Mielke Renate , Witte Claudia , van den Akker Marjan , Brünn Robin , Gerlach Ferdinand M , Beyer Martin , Karimova Kateryna
Published: August 2022

Objectives

To compare opioid prescription rates between patients enrolled in coordinated ambulatory care and patients receiving usual care.

Design

In this retrospective cohort study, we analysed claims data for insured patients with non-specific/specific back pain or osteoarthritis of hip or knee from 2014 to 2017.

Setting

The study was based on administrative data provided by the statutory health insurance fund ‘Allgemeine Ortskrankenkasse’, in the state of Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany.

Participants

The intervention group consisted of patients enrolled in a coordinated ambulatory healthcare model; the control group included patients receiving usual care. Outcomes were overall strong and weak opioid prescriptions. Generalised linear regression models were used to analyse the effect of the intervention.

Results

Overall, 46 001 (non-specific 18 787/specific 27 214) patients with back pain and 19 366 patients with osteoarthritis belonged to the intervention group, and 7038 (2803/4235) and 963 patients to the control group, respectively. No significant difference in opioid prescriptions existed between the groups. However, the chance of being prescribed strong opioids was significantly lower in the intervention group (non-specific back pain: Odds Ratio (OR) 0.735, 95% Confidential Interval (CI) 0.563 to 0.960; specific back pain: OR 0.702, 95% CI 0.577 to 0.852; osteoarthritis: OR 0.644, 95% CI 0.464 to 0.892). The chance of being prescribed weak opioids was significantly higher in patients with specific back pain (OR 1.243, 95% CI 1.032 to 1.497) and osteoarthritis (OR 1.493, 95% CI 1.037 to 2.149) in the intervention group.

Conclusion

Coordinated ambulatory healthcare appears to be associated with a lower prescription rate for strong opioids in patients with chronic musculoskeletal disorders.

Trial registration number

German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00017548).
Long working hours, sedentary work, noise, night shifts and risk of ischaemic heart disease
Authors: Eng Amanda , Denison Hayley J , Corbin Marine , Barnes Lucy , 't Mannetje Andrea , McLean Dave , Jackson Rod , Laird Ian , Douwes Jeroen
Published: August 2022

Objective

Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is a leading cause of death in Western countries. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between occupational exposure to loud noise, long working hours, shift work, and sedentary work and IHD.

Methods

This data linkage study included all New Zealanders employed and aged 20–64 years at the time of the 2013 census, followed up for incident IHD between 2013 and 2018 based on hospitalisation, prescription and death records. Occupation and number of working hours were obtained from the census, and exposure to sedentary work, loud noise and night shift work was assessed using New Zealand job exposure matrices. HRs were calculated for males and females using Cox regression adjusted for age, socioeconomic status, smoking and ethnicity.

Results

From the 8 11 470 males and 7 83 207 females employed at the time of the census, 15 012 male (1.9%) and 5595 female IHD cases (0.7%) were identified. For males, there was a modestly higher risk of IHD for the highest category (>90 dBA) of noise exposure (HR 1.19; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.33), while for females exposure prevalence was too low to calculate an HR. Night shift work was associated with IHD for males (HR 1.10; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.14) and females (HR 1.25; 95% CI 1.17 to 1.34). The population attributable fractions for night shift work were 1.8% and 4.6%, respectively. No clear associations with working long hours and sedentary work were observed.

Conclusions

This study suggests that occupational exposures to high levels of noise and night shift work might be associated with IHD risk.
Community-led risk analysis of direct-to-consumer whole-genome sequencing
Authors: Samlali Kenza , Thornbury Mackenzie , Venter Andrei
Published: August 2022

Direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic testing is cheaper and more accessible than ever before; however, the intention to combine, reuse, and resell this genetic information as powerful data sets is generally hidden from the consumer. This financial gain is creating a competitive DTC market, reducing the price of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to under 300 USD. Entering this transition from single-nucleotide polymorphism-based DTC testing to WGS DTC testing, individuals looking for access to their whole-genomic information face new privacy and security risks. Differences between WGS and other methods of consumer genetic tests are left unexplored by regulation, leading to the application of legal data anonymization methods on whole-genome data, and questionable consent methods. Large representative genomic data sets are important for research and improve the standard of medicine and personalized care. However, these data can also be used by market players, law enforcement, and governments for surveillance, population analyses, marketing purposes, and discrimination. Here, we present a summary of the state of WGS DTC genetic testing and its current regulation, through a community-based lens to expose dual-use risks in consumer-facing biotechnologies.