bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study on Technical Performance and Test Methods of Crawler Transporters for Construction of Transmission Lines in Mountainous Areas
Authors: Ma Yi Min , Zhai Fei , Mei Wen Ming
Published: December 2013

Crawler transporter is an emerging material handling vehicle for construction of transmission networks in mountainous areas, featuring high efficiency and safety. It consists of a crawler chassis, a remote control system, front and rear carrying gantries which can rise/lower and make left/right turns for smooth running in special terrains, a ginpole for handling of tower, a skip which, together with the carrying gantries, is capable of handling different kinds of materials, and a self-recovery winch. This paper also introduces a series of test methods to ensure safety during handling of material using this type of transporter.
Truck Scale Remote Weighing System of the Enterprise With Technology
Authors: Zhao Yan Jun , Gao Cheng Bin
Published: December 2013

Truck scale is widely used in weighing cargo weight. To monitoring truck scale, truck scale remote weighing method based on the GPRS and CAN bus is brought out and the on-line weighing monitoring system is designed. The weighing monitoring system includes truck scale weighing system, the control center monitoring system and the remote weighing monitoring system. The cargo weight is collected by the weighing system and sent to the control center monitoring system through CAN. The remote weighing monitoring system receives the cargo weight through GPRS. The experiment system is built. The experiment result indicates that truck scale remote weighing system can monitoring the cargo weight and improves the system security and accuracy and the communication efficiency.
Network Application Technology with High-Fidelity Modeling of Worm Containment with Benign Worms
Authors: Li Chun Liang , Si Guang Ya , Wang Yan Zheng
Published: December 2013

Worm infection is a critical problem for network application technology and security. In order to decrease the destruction of worm to network application technology, a worm containment method using benign worms was proposed, and an approach of high-fidelity modeling on packet-level of worm propagation and containment with benign worms was designed. The experiment results show that benign worms can contain the infection of malicious worms effectively, and the initial locality of worm, the delay time between the start time of benign worm and malicious worm, background traffic of the network will affect the propagation and containment of worms.
Research on Image Technology with Algorithm of Image Threshold Segmentation Based on Gray Level Characteristics
Authors: Chen Xian Qiao , Liu San Lin , Liu Wei
Published: December 2013

In the process of images analyzing, some research areas are usually catches people’s eyes which has unique properties called objects or prospects; therefore the research on how to get these objects becomes the center of attention. Segmentation method based on gray threshold can quickly distinguish foreground from the background in the image and provide a good foundation for image detection and process. Two kinds of threshold segmentation method based on the gray level features in the image processing and its defects are mainly discussed in this paper, and the algorithm to get optimal threshold to improve the deficiency of the former methods was proposed in application.
Simulator-to-Emulator: Analysis and Design of Experiment Platform for Underwater Sensor Networks
Authors: Wang Ying , Jin Zhi Gang , Su Yi Shan
Published: December 2013

Researchers have proposed many protocols for underwater sensor networks (UWSN) in recent years. How to test the designed protocols accurately and effectively in a lab controlled environment has become an important problem. The existing simulators and emulators for UWSN are analyzed and how to design an experimental platform from simulator to emulator in a laboratory environment is proposed. It can accurately simulate the complex environment in water just using a computer, and test the algorithms and protocols for UWSN; it can also do the test in a real environment by the combination of hardware and software. Finally, a set of evaluation indexes for physical layer, MAC layer and network layer of the experimental platform are presented.
The Combined Control of the Steering and Braking System of the Vehicle Rollover Avoidance Control
Authors: Li Guo , Liu Ya Yun , Sun Yan
Published: December 2013

This paper analyzed vehicle rollover dynamic model when vehicle steering and rollover is occurring, which based on basic vehicle rollover problems. Three-degree-of-freedom vehicle roll model which considering roll angle was established, and physical quantities of model were analyzed. Input and output quantities were analyzed based on vehicle roll model, feedback quantities were determined, too. Controller state reset was added into traditional controller switch module so as to avoid undesired instantaneous pulse which appeared during switching. Three-degree-of-freedom vehicle roll model was put up in Simulink, Controller parameters set was tuned and I/O data were prepared to optimize control effect. The control method in this paper was verified finally.
The Optimal Control of Vehicle`s Steering and Braking System
Authors: Li Guo , Jia Cheng Yao , Zhang Wen Zheng
Published: December 2013

In order to make a research on the vehicle`s ABS and AFS system,the fuzzy neural network controller was designed on the basis of the electric vehicle`s steering and braking models. Then the genetic algorithms was used to improve the parameters of the membership function. Finally, the Matlab/Simulink simulation software has been used in the simulation analysis. The result of simulation proves that the designed system has good tracking performance and more stronger systemic robustness .
Establishment and Structure Design of Comprehensive Backtracking Model of Distributed Concentrated Measurement Control
Authors: Li You Ling , Wang Hua
Published: December 2013

With the expansion and accelerated pace of development of the steel industry, unattended becomes an inevitably trend. The measuring data of the enterprise becomes crucial importance. Therefore, this paper proposes a system solution to establish comprehensive backtracking model and structure design of concentrated distributed measurement control. Firstly, introduce the process of measuring control model; secondly, establish the measurement control backtracking model and its sub module based on the control process; finally, it is the structural implementation and verification of backtracking model. The Kunming Iron&Steel distribution measurement control system was transformed according to the scheme, and good performances have been achieved in practical application.
Control of Speed Analysis of Pneumatic Servo Manipulator
Authors: Yao Ning
Published: December 2013

This paper established a mathematical model of the Pneumatic manipulator speed servo system, and its simulation is passed by Simulink. Through the analysis of systems performance,the PID correction methods of the system is improved. The stability of the system is increased greatly after the PID correction. In the end, the improved method is pointed out.
Sliding Model Control and its Application to Pneumatic Position Servo System
Authors: Yao Ning
Published: December 2013

Sliding model control is adopted to pneumatic position servo system by taking full use of its non-sensitivity merit towards the model error and the parameter changing as well as exterior disturbance, and then the sliding model controller is designed, Some uncertainty of model was added to the system simulated .The simulation result indicates that the proposed control plan is effective, and the system also has good robustness.
Design of Home Appliance Control Module for Smart Home with Energy Management
Authors: Shi Hai Gang , Li Hong Yi , Ji En Qing , Ren Zheng Tao
Published: December 2013

For the smart home with energy management which belongs to the demand-side of power grid, this paper designed a kind of home appliance control module based on the wireless network communication system. Common home appliance can be inserted into smart home system through this module and can be used immediately, which greatly increases the scalability of the system. After commissioning, we make it to control appliances effectively and monitor energy consumption in real time, which proves its validity, rationality and stability. Users can operate and monitor home appliances remotely through indoor smart terminals, Internet and mobile phones.
Basic Research on New Near-Net-Shape Working Method for Processing Multistage Shaft
Authors: Zhu Xia , Ogi Keiji , Takahashi Manabu , Okabe Nagatoshi , Mori Kazuki
Published: December 2013

This paper proposes a new near-net-shape working method to partially enlarge and control shaft's cross section through a metal mold. This study investigates the changes in the sectional area of shafts during the processing under various processing conditions, and evaluates the changes with a filling ratio. We introduce the processing method and the processing conditions, and then we report the results of processing experiments. Lastly, we clarify that processing conditions influence on the geometry of the processed part.
Failure Mechanism Analysis of Electromagnetic Relay under Mechanical Impact
Authors: Zhao Guo Wei , Chen Yong , Li De Yong , Tang Bin
Published: December 2013

The aim was to analyze failure mechanism of electromagnetic relay caused by mechanical impact. The principle of electromagnetic relays was studied and the effect of mechanical impact on electromagnetic relays was analyzed in this paper. Based on the established magnetic circuit model, the relationship of the magnetic field strength, the electromagnetic attraction and the impact damage degree was studied. Then, the damage intensity of mechanical impact on magnetic circuit was decided. Afterwards, the structure of electromagnetic relays was improved, and the mechanical impact simulation was studied by ANSYS. The results show that the uncontrollability of electromagnetic relay is mainly caused by air gap, which is aroused by mechanical impact; in addition, the size of air gap is inversely proportional to electromagnetic attraction force. Moreover, the improved structure of relays can increase impact resistance and broaden the scope of engineering application of electromagnetic relay.
Relative Attitude Determination of Formation Spacecraft Based on Flight Mechanics
Authors: Zhang Xu , Cui Nai Gang , Mu Rong Jun
Published: December 2013

According to " leader missiles - attack missiles " formation model, the measurement model of missile in formation flight VisNav is derived. The observability analysis of missile VisNav is shown for cases involving three vector observations, the conclusion is that at least three characteristic points are visible to insure visual navigation systems to work properly. The least square algorithm is applied to process the data of VisNav to estimate the relative attitude and position. The results of simulation show that the accuracy of least square algorithm would be influenced by the relative position of missile in formation flight mechanics.
Synergy Micro-Electronics Technology with a High Linearity BiCMOS Sample-and-Hold Circuit
Authors: Lin Jie , Mu Fei Yan
Published: December 2013

A high accuracy BiCMOS sample and hold (S/H) circuit employed in the front end of a12bit 10 MS/s Pipeline ADC is presented. To reduce the nonlinearity error cause by the sampling switch, a signal dependent clock bootstrapping system is introduced. It is implemented using 0.6 um BiCMOS process. An 88.77 dB spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR), and a -105.20 dB total harmonic distortion (THD) are obtained.
Agostic Hydrogen Bond between Cu(I and II) and [2-Hydroxy-1(S)-Methyl]-Containing N-Methylglycine
Authors: Yuan Kun
Published: December 2013

The geometric structures of the agostic hydrogen bond formed between Cu+, Cu2+and [2-hydroxy-1(S)-methy-containing N-methylglycine anion ligand were investigated by density functional B3LYP(Becke, three-parameter, Lee-Yang-Parr)/6-311G** theoretical method. The calculation results showed that the C-HCu agnostic bond formed when Cu+coordination binding to only one [2-hydroxy-1(S)-methy-containing N-methylglycine anion. Natural bond orbital and atoms in molecules theories analysis show that the C-HCu agnostic bond intensity and electronic behavior are quite different from these of hydrogen bond structures.
A Photochromic Diarylethene Bearing a Six-Membered Aryl Unit
Authors: Xu Hong Yan , Wang Ren Jie , Pu Shou Zhi
Published: December 2013

A new unsymmetrical photochromic diarylethene compound1awas synthesized and its photochromism were investigated, such as photochromism and kinetics in solution. The compound exhibited good photochromism in solution with alternating irradiation by UV/Vis light, and the maxima absorption of its closed-ring isomer1bare 515nm. The open-ring isomer of the diarylethene1aexhibited relatively strong fluorescence at 424 nm when excited at 280 nm. Its fluorescence intensity decreased along with the photochromism from open-ring isomers to closed-ring isomers upon irradiation with 297 nm UV light.
Synthesis and Properties of 1-[(2-Methyl-5-Dioxolane)-1-Thienyl]-2-[(2-Methyl)-5-(4-Methoxy)Phenyl-3-Thienyl]perfluorocyclopentene
Authors: Zhang Cong Cong , Ren Pan Pan , Pu Shou Zhi
Published: December 2013

An unsymmetrical photochromic diarylethene which called 1-[(2-methyl-5-dioxolane)-3-thienyl]-2-[(2-methyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-thienyperfluorocyclo-pentene was synthesized and its photochromic properties were examined in detail. The result demonstrate that the diarylethene changed the color from colorless to blue violt upon irradiation with 297 nm UV light, in which absorption maxima were observed at 552 nm and 563 nm in hexane and PMMA films, respectively. This photochromic compound also exhibited remarkable fluorescence switching both in hexane solution and in PMMA films.
Preparation and Characterization of Porous Carbon/Nickle Nanofibers by Electrospinning
Authors: Gao Da Wei , Wei Qu Fu , Wang Chun Xia , Liu Guo Liang , He Xue Mei , Wang Li Li , Zhou Tian Chi , Yuan Bian Bian , Zou Xin
Published: December 2013

By employing the electrospinning technique and subsequent carbonization processes, porous carbon/nickle (C/Ni) composite nanofibers with diameters of 100-200 nm were successfully prepared. Two polymer solutions of polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), and Ni (CH3COOH)2(Ni (OAc)2) were used as C/Ni composite nanofiber precursors. The study revealed that C/Ni composite nanofibers were successfully prepared and nickle particles with diameters of 20-70 nm were uniformly scattered in the carbon nanofibers. It was also observed that the fiber with clear fibrous morphology with particles broke into shorter fibers after sinter. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that these particles crystallized with the face centered cubic (FCC) structure. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis indicated that C/Ni composites nanofibers with meso-pores possessed larger specific surface area than that of carbon nanofibers.
Comparison of Ni0.8Cu0.2Ox Anode Material Prepared with Sol-Gel Method and Ni0.8-Cu0.2-Coated YSZ Composite Anode Material Prepared with Polyol Method
Authors: You Hong Xin , Qu Bin , Cao Lei
Published: December 2013

This paper elaborates Ni0.8-Cu0.2-coated YSZ material prepared with the hard template method and the polyol method, with the composition and microstructure being analyzed with X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). With YSZ as electrolyte material, LSM as cathode material and Ni0.8Cu0.2Oxprepared with sol-gel method and partially-tubular YSZ material coated with Ni0.8-Cu0.2as anode material, electrolyte-supported cells were prepared, and with methane as fuel gas, the electrical properties of cells were determined. It was indicated that Ni and Cu prepared with traditional sol-gel method and YSZ were granular structure, and the contact area was small relatively. The new material prepared was a mixture of Ni, Cu and YSZ, where the YSZ was of partial fiber-tubular structure and the Ni and Cu granules were applied to the interior and exterior surfaces of the structure. It was able to effectively increase the contact surface of catalytic metal and electrolyte, which added to the three phase boundary of the SOFC anode and lead to power performance 80% higher than the former.
Thermo-Mechanical Behavior Analysis of Pressure Infiltration Casting Process for Manufacturing Open-Cell Metal Foam
Authors: Wang Jian Fei , Su Yi Shi , Gong Xiao Lu
Published: December 2013

Pressure infiltration casting technique is widely used to manufacture open-cell metal foam and it has been well performed in manufacture practice in our research group. In the present study, an attempt is made to highlight the influence of the infiltration casting process on the physical structure of metal foam. According to the production practice, several parameters: the pressure difference, the temperature condition, the particle size and the mould dimension, need to be well considered. A 2D model coupling porous zone and multiphase is created with a fixed grid. The cooling and solidifying process of molten metal are as well carried out with enthalpy method. Reasonable convergence rules are used to proceed high quality calculations. This work provides excellent experimental and numerical comprehension of pressure infiltration casing process to manufacture open-cell metal foam. These understandings can well guide and optimize the product manufacture, the physical structure and the mechanical behaviors of open-cell metal foams within their industrial application.
Effect of Pile-Up on Nanoindentation Measurements of Polycrystalline Bulk Metals
Authors: Mirshams Reza A. , Srivastava Ashish K.
Published: December 2013

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation on the effects of orientation and grain size on nanoindentation measurements of hardness and modulus of elasticity for three polycrystalline metals: copper, nickel, and iron. Three geometrically different indenter tips were used, and the pile-ups were characterized with a surface probe instrument. The electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to characterize grain orientation and microstructure. It was found that additional contact areas due to pile-ups have a significant effect on determination of mechanical properties by the nanoindenter.
The Experiment Study on Adherence Capability between New and Old Concrete of Pavement
Authors: Wang Xiao Hui , Zhang Yong , Luo Jun Hong
Published: December 2013

In this paper, the experiment research and theory analysis about the effects of surface of old concrete in different way, adherence agent and the freeze-thaw circulation times to the adherence capability of new on old concrete are completed. The adherence capability of new on old concrete is tested in normal and low temperature environment, and the analysis of tests give some advices to the practical engineering of maintain and reinforcement of aircraft-pavement.
Corrosion Behaviors and Mechanical Properties of CrN Film
Authors: Wongpanya Pornwasa , Tunmee Sarayut , Euaruksakul Chanan , Songsiriritthigul Prayoon , Witit-Anun Nirun
Published: December 2013

Corrosion behaviors and mechanical properties of CrN film were evaluated. The CrN film was deposited on the surface of H13 steel by the magnetron sputtering method. The corrosion behaviors of the uncoated and CrN coated samples were studied in air-saturated 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution with various solution pHs, i.e., pH 2, 7 and 10 at 27°C by the electrochemical technique. The mechanical properties of the CrN coated samples were evaluated using nanohardness, ball on disk and scratch testers. The results revealed that the CrN coated samples had higher corrosion resistance than the uncoated samples at all pHs. Smooth substrate roughness enhanced corrosion resistance and also decreased the wear rate of the CrN coated samples on H13 steel. Corroded area was evaluated by synchrotron X-ray photoemission electron spectroscopy. It revealed that corrosion resistance of the CrN film was from oxidation of Cr into Cr2O3.
Facile Synthesis and Optical Properties of TiN/Al Composite Powders with Nano/Microstructure by Ball-Milling Method
Authors: Zhang Dun Pu , Xu Dan , Lu Chun Hua , Ni Ya Ru , Xu Zhong Zi
Published: December 2013

TiN-coated aluminum pigments were prepared by nanoparticle-bonding technology of high-energy ball milling. The effect of ball milling on the morphology and evolution of the composite powders was investigated via field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and particle size distribution analysis. Results show that the TiN nanoparticles bonded to the surface of aluminum microflakes under the action of a mechanical force but in the absence of any binder. A uniform nanoparticle coating formed on the surface of the flake aluminum microparticle. The optical reflectance of the TiN/Al composites was measured within 200 nm to 2500 nm wavelength. The reflectance gradually decreased as the milling time was prolonged.
Underground Engineering Avoid Incision and Reinforced Technology and Engineering Application
Authors: Chen Rong Jun , Zhang Yong , Liu Hong Wei
Published: December 2013

Because of traditional construction method in the construction at the mouth of underground engineering has characteristics such as slow rate of construction progress and poor defense property, mouth section of underground engineering avoid incision and reinforced technology was proposed. Basic principle and construction progress of avoid incision and reinforced technology was analyzed too. Combining with engineering example, avoid incision and reinforced technology was found to be able to improve the rate of construction progress and combing disguise and defense with weak rock-soil reinforced together well at the mouth of tunnel. Through improving structure resisting force and reducing the probability of discovery on the mouth of defense engineering tunnel, the defense ability of the mouth of cave depot was improved.
Mixed-Mode I/III Fracture Characterization of Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Ravichandaran R. , Thanigaiyarasu G.
Published: December 2013

Aluminum alloy 5083 is taken for the study of fracture parameters in mixed-mode I/III. Three point bend specimens with load inclination and notch inclination are fabricated and precracked. They are tested with various inclination angles and for two different thicknesses. The results are analyzed and found that the fracture toughness decreases for larger inclination angles. Also, it is found that the thinner specimens are found to be tougher than the thicker specimens. Material and methods Symmetrical three-point bend cracked specimens have been used extensively in fracture mechanics to study mode I fracture properties because they are one of the standard types of specimens used in the ASTM codes for determining the fracture toughness JIc..In the mixed-mode I/III fracture, there is only a limited amount of experimental work done so far. The observations on combined mode I - mode III fracture have been very scarce and there is no general agreement among researchers on the effect of the addition of a mode III component to pure mode I loading. Limited study (Avci et al 2005 [, Kamat and Hirth 1996 [) has been done on bend specimens subjected to mixed-mode I/III when compared to the mode I case, i.e., a center-loaded specimen.
The Oxidation Mechanism of FeCrAl Alloy Added with Rare Earth Y from First-Principle Study
Authors: Zhang Guo Ying , Chu Ran , Zhang Hui , Liu Chun Ming
Published: December 2013

First-principles calculations have been carried out to investigate the incipient oxidation mechanism of FeCrAl alloy. It is found that Al,Y,Cr atoms energetically prefer surface sites, and the driving force of Y segregation to surface is strongest. The surface segregation of Y, Al and Cr will suppress the outward diffusion of Fe, form the tight coherent films of Al2O3,Cr2O3 and RE oxides which can restrain oxygen inward diffusion, as a result, leading to the decrease of the growth of oxide films. The O adsorption process at Fe surface are found to be spontaneous, and our calculations predict Al, Cr, Y segregation at Fe surface is beneficial for decreasing the oxidation rate of FeCrAl alloy. The interaction between O and Fe, Cr, Al, Y atoms exists both ionic and covalent binding characteristics. Also Al, Y alloying increases ionic and covalent binding between Al, Y and O, which speed selective oxidation of Al and Y, and hence improves the oxidation performance of FeCrAl containing Y alloy.
A Study on Chemical Foaming Geopolymer Building Materials
Authors: Yang Tsung Yin , Chien Chuan Chi
Published: December 2013

Zinc and aluminum powders were used as foaming agents and organosilane was innovatively used as a modifier to synthesize a foamed geopolymer. The produced foamed geopolymer with enhanced compressive strength and low thermal conductivity is an ideal material for fire protection, sound absorption and thermal insulation. The low thermal conductivity was achieved by increasing the porosity in the foamed geopolymer and the enhanced compressive strength was realized by adding the modifier. The pore numbers in the foamed geopolymer were greatly increased by releasing the hydrogen gas, which was produced from the chemical reaction of zinc and aluminum powders in a base solution. The modifier decreased the foaming reaction rate and generated homogeneously-distributed small pores in the foamed geopolymer with improved compressive strength.
Research on Absorbing Property of Cement-Based Material Blending with Nano-TiO2 and Steel Fibers
Authors: Zhang Yong , Wang Xiao Hui , Luo Jun Hong
Published: December 2013

The absorbing performance have been tested and analyzed by taking cement as matrix, blending material nanoTiO2 and steel fibers for absorbing agent trial Sample, in the 8 ~ 18 GHz frequency band, the results indicate that nanoTiO2 and steel fibers and composite cement which made of absorbing material has good absorbing property. Blending material absorbing properties of cement-based materials, the impact must be considered together, not the more the better, when blending material exceeding 6wt%, its ability of wave-transparent enhance while absorbing property will be reduced finally.
Research on Absorbing Property of Three Kinds of Cement-Based Material Blending Compositions
Authors: Zhang Yong , Luo Jun Hong , Wang Xiao Hui
Published: December 2013

The absorbing performance have been tested and analyzed by taking cement as matrix, blending material silica fume and culver zed fuel ash, graphite and carbon fibers, nanoTiO2 and steel fibers for absorbing agent trial Sample, in the 8 ~ 18 GHz frequency band, the results indicate that silica fume and culver zed fly ash, nanoTiO2 and steel fiber and composite cement which made of Absorbing material has good absorbing property. Graphite and carbon fiber and cement composite made of the effectiveness of absorbing materials. Blending material absorbing properties of cement-based materials, the impact must be considered together, not the more the better, when blending material exceeding a certain threshold, its ability of wave-transparent enhance while absorbing property will be reduced finally.
Increasing Tool Life by AlCrTiSiN Film
Authors: Wongpanya Pornwasa , Surinphong Surasak , Rujisomnapa Jadesada
Published: December 2013

A cemented carbide end mill was coated with AlCrTiSiN film by cathodic arc physical vapor deposition methods (CAPVD). A performance of AlCrTiSiN film for increasing tool life was evaluated by scratch test, cutting test and oxidation test in comparison with uncoated end mill. From the scratch test, the AlCrTiSiN film was helpful to resist crack and delamination of coating. From the cutting test, the maximum flank wear of AlCrTiSiN film was about two times higher than that of the uncoated end mill resulting in tool life extension. From the oxidation test, the first oxide of AlCrTiSiN film generated after service life was a titanium dioxide (TiO2) at a temperature of 900oC. From all of results, it revealed that the AlCrTiSiN film significantly enhanced the tool life of the cemented carbide end mill.
Study of Oil Displacement Performance of Hydroxyl Sulfobetaine Surfactant
Authors: Yue Pu , Zhang Fan , Fan Hui Li
Published: December 2013

In this paper, new alkali-free hydroxyl sulfobetaine surfactant designed for the target oil reservoir in our laboratory was used. The interfacial tension property, emulsifying capability, peeling the oil film between surfactant/polymer binary oil-displacing system and the target crude oil and the viscosity of the system were investigated systematically. Finally, oil-displacement capacity of the binary oil-displacing system on the target reservoirs natural cores was discussed. The experimental results indicated under the actual condition of the target oil reservoir with total salinity ranging from 4694mg/L to 24270mg/L and temperature being 50°C, the surfactant/polymer binary oil-displacing system with surfactant mass fraction ranging from 0.025% to 0.2% and polymer mass fraction of 0.15% could reach ultra-low interfacial tension with the target crude oil rapidly. The surfactant/polymer binary system above mentioned could emulsified crude oil easily and the volume fraction of WinsorIII middle phase microemulsion could be up to 53.06%. It also could peel the oil film adhered to oil-wet quartz plate quickly and increase the viscoelastic of surfactant/polymer binary oil-displacing system slightly. The displacement experiments made by using natural core in the target oil field indicated that oil recovery was improved by 15% after water flooding. All these results showed that hydroxyl sulfobetaine surfactant had a good potential for flooding in EOR.
Long Term Monitoring of Performance Characteristics of the Pavement Test Track
Authors: Čygas Donatas , Laurinavičius Alfredas , Vaitkus Audrius , Perveneckas Zigmantas
Published: December 2013

This paper presents the first experimental pavement test road section in Lithuania including pavement design, annual measurements, data acquisition and response analysis. The road of experimental pavement structures was constructed in 2007. It’s laid on the road to the query, one traffic lane is used by loaded traffic and other – by unloaded traffic. The road consists of 27 different pavement structures with the same class of pavement structure but the different type and composition of materials. Final results after five years of monitoring indicate the performance of typical Lithuania flexible pavement structures influenced by different traffic loads. The total number of ESAL’s (100 kN) in February 2013 was 353 000.
A Study of Reaction Viscosity Changes in Electronic Packaging with Different Nanoparticle Strengthened Epoxy Matrices
Authors: Chang Huey Ling , Chen Chih Ming , Chen Cheng Ho
Published: December 2013

In this paper, the effects of strengthening epoxy matrices with nanopowders are discussed. Investigate the changes of reaction viscosities after adding different hardeners, nanoparticles and diluents to the polymer matrices. Analyze the applications to the automatic electronic packaging. The results show that different species in the curing reaction systems of epoxy will affect flow stabilities. Reaction viscositiesare affected primarily by the choice of hardeners. Nanoparticles will increase system viscosities and shorten matrix resin gel time. Adding diluents will help spread the powders and material flows in the systems, but is relatively not good for stability.
Efficacy Comparison of On-Site Preparation of 5%Lidocaine Niosome Dispersion and Benzocaine/Tetracaine Gel
Authors: Priprem Aroonsri , Paphangkorakit Jarin , Limsitthichaikoon Sucharat , Sermswatsri Supanigar Ruangsri , Pitiphat Waranuch , Thaiprasong Preeyarat , Patchadee Panupong
Published: December 2013

Pain reduction from palatal injection was comparatively investigated by using topical anesthetics, 5% lidocaine encapsulated niosomes (LN) and 18%benzocaine/2%tetraciane gel (BZ). The LN was prepared chair-sidedly by an ultrasonic dental scaler with physicochemical evaluation. A pin-prick test on the palatal mucosa of 10 healthy subjects determined the onset and the effective time of LN to be 45 s (±17.3) with the mean effective time of 130.5 s (±57.5). The pain intensity during an actual palatal injection (cuspid region) was compared after the topical application of LN and BZ in another 23 healthy subjects, using a split-mouth design. The median injection pain VAS after the application of BZ was 3.5 cm, significantly higher than that after the application of LN (median = 2.0 cm, (p< 0.05). The present study confirmed the use of the ultrasonic dental scaler in enhancing the efficacy of lidocaine in pain reduction from palatal injection.
Tripod-Like β-NaYF4: Ln3+ (Ln = Yb, Er, Tm, Ho) Nanocrystals with Multicolor Upconversion Luminescence
Authors: Ding Ming Ye , Lu Chun Hua , Cao Lin Hai , Ni Ya Ru , Xu Zhong Zi
Published: December 2013

Tripod-like β-NaYF4: Ln3+ (Ln = Yb, Er, Tm, Ho) nanocrystals have been successfully synthesized for the first time by solvothermal method. The results revealed that the as-prepared NaYF4: Ln3+ crystals with pure hexagonal phase consisted of tripod-like particles with 300-500 nm in length and 60-80 nm in diameter. The upconversion (UC) luminescence properties of β-NaYF4: Ln3+ samples were investigated in detail. By changing the dopants species (Ln3+), multicolor (green and blue) UC emissions can be obtained in β-NaYF4: Ln3+ under 980 nm laser diode (LD) excitation. In conclusion, the luminescent branched particles should be of wide potential application as building blocks in the future nanoscience and nanotechnology.
Culture Conditions of a Mycorrhizal Fungus and its Post-Inoculation Microbial Effect
Authors: Gong Na , Yang Zhen , Yang Tao , Xiao Jun , Wang Na , Chen Xun , Ma Yue
Published: December 2013

One isolate of mycorrhizal fungi from the roots of wild plant, in this experiment, the growth rate and dry weight of mycelium used as measurement index, PDMA medium is found suitable as basic medium for this strain after 4 kinds of medium are preliminarily screened. Using microbial dilution plate counting cultivation method, the rhizosphere soil microbial quantity were analyzed in a blueberry short-term pot experiment. Results indicate that the number of microbial physiological groups in rhizosphere soil under different varieties of different treatments were significantly differences,and bacteria were dominant,followed by actinomycetes,and fungi were the least.
Studies on Lignocellulose Degradation by Rumen Microorganism
Authors: Wang Guan Rong , Duan Yu Lin
Published: December 2013

Lignocellulosic material is the earth's most abundant renewable resource, but because of its stable and complex structure, it is not easy for depredating and utilizing for a long time. Rumen can degrade lignocellulose, and is one of nature's most efficient fermentation fermenter; to be study rumen microorganisms has the potential to provide valuable solutions to renewable energy, processing of agricultural waste, organic waste etc. Research methods vary from screening of cellulose-degradation bacteria, enzymatic characterization, to the use of metagenomics technology to get a large number of genes directly from the rumen. This article reviews the characteristics, mechanism and contribution of different rumen microbial in degradation of lignocellulose, as well as the research progress of enzymatic characterization and rumen microbial metagenomics.
Development of Novel Bio-Degradable Electrolyte Based on Polylactide (PLA) for Lithium Rechargeable Battery
Authors: Chew K.W.
Published: December 2013

Development of Novel Bio-degradable Electrolyte Based on Polylactide (pla) for Lithium Rechargeable Batteryarmfu� h� r�rment, degradable polymer which is Polylactide (PLA) was chosen as the host material in the electrolyte. PLA alone had low ionic conductivity which cannot satisfy the current electrical appliance usage. Therefore, PLA is complexed with Ethylene Carbonate, Lithium perchlorate and Aluminum Oxide using THF as a wetting agent. The ionic conductivity of the electrolyte is tested with a.c impedance spectroscopy to determine its ionic conductivity. The highest ionic conductivity of pure PLA is 3.624 x 10-12 Scm-1. The PLA is mixed with Ethylene Carbonate to increase its amorphous nature. The result showed that PLA when mixed with 35% of EC give the highest conductivity which is 1.90 x 10-10 Scm-1. While the PLA mixed with 20% of Lithium perchlorate give an optimum ionic conductivity which is 5.72 x 10-7 Scm-1. Later, the ionic conductivity of PLA, EC and lithium salt mixture were carried out and shows the highest conductivity of 1.44 x 10-6 Scm-1. Lastly, with the addition of 4% aluminum oxide filler, the highest conductivity is boosted to 2.07 x 10-5 Scm-1. The samples were then analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) to better understand the microstructure of the polymer system.
Design and Test of a Lab-Scale Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Cell Considering Electrolyte Feeding Structure for Solar Energy
Authors: Yoon Andy Kyung Yong , Choe Horim , Yoon Yong Soo
Published: December 2013

This paper describes the design and test of a lab-scale vanadium redox flow (VRF) battery considering electrolyte feeding and flow structure. The VRB battery has emerged as the promising technology for energy storage technologies. The VRF battery an electrochemical energy storage device chemically, and physically VRF battery is a sandwich type structure, and it consists of a cell stack, two electrolyte reservoirs, two pumps and an electrolyte flow tube. The cell stack has numerous single cells, and it has two half-cells which consist of an electrode, a carbon felt, a sealant PVC frame, and there is an ion-exchange membrane separating two half-cells. The VRF battery is applied electrolyte feeding and flow technology, and one of energy storage system without memory effect and self-discharge. This paper focuses design of liquid electrolyte feeding and flow mechanism, and considering inverse concept of electrolyte feeding structure for the vanadium flow battery. In addition, in order to get the specific flow rate (SFR) of electrolyte, numerous experiments were carried out, and the parameter and governing equations was obtained.
Effect of Polymeric Combinations on Mucoadhesive and Swelling Properties of Orabase Gel Formulations
Authors: Priprem Aroonsri , Nukulkit Chatchanok , Johns Nutjaree Pratheepawanit , Damrongrungruang Teerasak , Wongsangta Nanthiya , Benjavongkulchai Em On
Published: December 2013

Topical oral dosage form for anti-inflammation in the oral cavity provides convenience and patient compliance. Formulations of orabase gels composed of poloxamer 407, PVP, PVA, SCMC and/or white petrolatum (WP) and hydrocarbon gel (HG) were investigated for in vitro swelling and mucoadhesion for incorporation of melatonin. The highest detachment time of 18 h with an optimized swelling ratio of 1.3 was obtained from a gel with 55% of WP and HG in the presence of poloxamer 407 and PVP 90. In conclusion, an optimum balancing ratio between hydrocarbons and bioadhesive polymer parts is required to obtain mucoadhesive characteristics of the oral gel.
Stand-Alone Photovoltaic Based on In-Phase Voltage Injection for Electroplating Industry Factory
Authors: Watanakul Narin
Published: December 2013

This paper presents an application of stand-alone Photovoltaic (PV) systems for AC/DC power conversion for electroplating systems. In these control systems, the external source voltage is generated from a PV stand-alone, the proposed voltage injected method by in phase controller into line input voltage secondary of power transformer. The electroplating process is a capacity 0-250A maximum output system with uses a 12-pulse diode rectifier, using a conventional 3-phase bridge 6-pulse diode rectifier. The process voltage control to electroplating, that performance of the proposed series voltage controller method (producing injected voltage), contribute to voltage control by injecting or absorbing active power, to electroplating. The advantage of this principle will result the system that can saving energy 50% and compensation 100 percent during a power outage. The experimental, and simulation results by MATLAB program are used as a guideline for analyzing and designing the parameters of electroplating system.
Parameters Influencing the Utilization of Composts for Energy Production
Authors: Raclavsky Konstantin , Zajonc Ondrej , Kovalova Lucia , Kovarik Radim
Published: December 2013

Ten composts produced by composting plants in the Moravosilesian Region (the Czech Republic) were studied from the point of view of their possible utilization for energy production. The parameters relevant for this possible application of low-quality composts were determined: elemental composition (C,H,O,N,S), volatile combustibles, fixed carbon, ash, gross calorific value, moisture, water leachable potassium and chlorine, alkali index, C/N.
Silicon Nanowires Based Solar Cell Using Native Oxide and Silicon Nitride Bi-Layer Passivation
Authors: Lin Xing Xing
Published: December 2013

Silicon nanowires (SiNWs) based solar cells are passivated by native oxide and SiNx bi-layer. In comparison with cells passivated by SiNx single layer, bi-layer passivation exhibits higher effective minority lifetime, illustrating a better surface passivation effect, which leads to a gain of internal quantum efficiency in the short wavelength range, a better output performance with an increase of 0.16% in efficiency. The data obtained from this work is fundamental and has some reference value for future studies.
On Optimal Functioning of the Aeolian Electro-Power Systems
Authors: Chioreanu Calin , Babescu Marius
Published: December 2013

The paper approaches the possibility of power functioning of the Aeolian systems. Power Aeolian systems, due to high inertia moments and rapid variation in time of the wind speed cannot constantly function on the maximum power point. Therefore it must be considered the matter of determining the optimal functioning speed of the Aeolian device on the basis of evaluating the momentary wind speed in order to get maximum of electric power. The calculation is based upon an original mathematical model for the wind turbine TV and an experimental direct follow of the wind speed in time. Actually, it is presented the way of loading the generator according to the wind speed.etc.
Water Status and Prospects for Remote Sensing
Authors: Hu Yu
Published: December 2013

Water Information mainly using digital photogrammetric, remote sensing , telemetry and other digital technologies and equipment acquisition variety of water infrastructure data can also be used digitizer or scanning technology to non-digital information digital, this thesis summarizes the use of databases, spatial database and data warehouse technology to store and organize data , high-speed data communications network to transfer data , data mining and artificial intelligence technologies such as processing, use and dissemination of data . These results show that the effective application of digital technology is the important basis for water information.
Housing Development, Energy Consumption and Energy Prices
Authors: Zou Gao Lu , Chau K.W.
Published: December 2013

New housing completions constitute a considerable share of the overall housing supply in Chinas current urban housing markets. We argue that large-scale new housing developments significantly increase energy consumption in the long run, thereby increasing energy prices. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of supply-side housing variables rather than demand-side housing variables on energy prices in Beijing. Supply-side housing variables include level variable (floor space) and growth variable (changes in floor space). We investigated their respective effects on energy prices. We tested for cointegration, Granger causality and weak exogeneity. Tests indicated that new housing completions exerted a positive long-term effect on energy prices. Hence, new housing development needs to improve energy efficiency.
Noise Source in Automobile and Control Method for Environmental Protection
Authors: Yuan Ji Xuan , Fu Hui Min
Published: December 2013

As one of the environmental pollution sources, the noise problem in recent years has been as the focus of environmental protection control. As the noise pollution source, automobile noise has been studied in this article. At First, the influence factors of automobile noise are introduced, and then the major noise sources are all analyzed. Finally, three kinds of control methods such as noise control method from mechanical theory, from acoustic theory and active control method are introduced.
Improved Variety Populus Alba×Populus Bolleana and its Parents Growth Characteristic
Authors: Li Pi Jun , Bula Aijier A. , Wang Wen Yue , Jia Rui Qi
Published: December 2013

Studied on improved varieties and its parents growth characteristics. Discusses the Populus fine varieties Populus alba×Populus bolleana with its parents differences to promote varieties of Populus to provide a theoretical basis for Populus alba×Populus bolleana .The results showed:(1) Comparison of 3 varieties height accumulative increment consistent, individual difference were not significant. (2) 3 poplar varieties cumulative growth of DBH have difference, xinjiang Poplar DBH growth in the 2-8 years was slow , while the Populus alba Linn. and Populus alba×Populus bolleana continued to grow. 3 varieties DBH growth contrasts: Populus alba×Populus bolleana > Populus alba Linn.> Populus alba.(3) Populus is significantly lower than the volume growth Populus alba×Populus bolleana. Populus alba×Populus bolleana volume growth in 15 years and still maintain a high level of greater than Populus alba Linn.Populus alba Linn.and Populus alba.before the Populus alba×Populus bolleana arrivals the quantitative maturity .
Study on the Charging Characteristics of Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles Regenerative Braking
Authors: Song Shi Gang , Li Xiao Ping , Sun Ze Chang
Published: December 2013

In order to evaluate the lithium-ion battery charging during electric vehicles regenerative braking, by testing on different initial SOC, charging current and temperature, the charging curves of lithium-ion battery are drawn under different conditions, and various parameters are derived. Based on a single factor in the impact of change on energy recovery, analyzed the influencing factors of coupling mechanism. Get approximation functions between energy recovery and multi-factor using multiple regression analysis method, and built energy recovery models. According to some experimentation with measured value and the calculated value, indicated the set of polynomials energy recovery model efficiency.
Effects of Nano-Silica Addition on Water Absorption of Glass Fiber/Epoxy Composite
Authors: Chang Huey Ling , Chen Chih Ming , Chen Cheng Ho
Published: December 2013

Nanocomposite samples containing epoxy resin, glass fiber and 0~2 wt.% SiO2 nanopowder are prepared. The effects of SiO2 addition on the water absorption rate, glass transition temperature (Tg) and dynamic mechanical properties of the various samples are then observed. The water absorption of the nanocomposite specimens is then compared with that of pure glass fiber/epoxy composite specimens when tested in water. The results show that the addition of 2 wt.% SiO2 reduces the water absorption from 0.0704% to 0.0573%. The storage modulus with adding 2wt.% silica nanocomposite compared to the neat composite raises up 13.82%. Following the water absorption test, the mechanical properties of the samples are not obvious change. Therefore, the experimental results indicate that 2wt.% SiO2 addition is beneficial to the water resistance and dynamic mechanical properties of epoxy resin / glass fiber nanocomposites.