bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construct Concept Structure for Fundamental Mathematics
Authors: Chen Chin Chun
Published: December 2011

Currently, cognitive psychologists and mathematics educators are looking again at conceptual and procedural knowledge in mathematics learning. Building relationship between conceptual knowledge and the procedures of mathematics contributes to long-term memory of procedures and to their effective use. So we know that symbols could enhance concept and procedures apply concepts to solve problem efficiently. Sketch the graph of exponential function and logarithmic function. Find the inverse exponential function, logarithmic function and so on. The lack of other concrete example in general exponential and logarithmic function prevented the development of application about general exponential and logarithm. Numerical fundamental mathematic problems are provided with complicated number frequently. The lack of other concrete example in general exponential and logarithmic function prevented the development of application about general exponential and logarithm. Numerical fundamental mathematic problems are provided with complicated number frequently The conceptual knowledge, not mechanical algorithms, need more study and thought to identify. But there is a limitation for students use some materials to clarify complicated mathematic concepts perfectly. In order to insight the misconception of learning fundamental mathematics and progress teaching. The purpose of this study is to provide an integrated method of fuzzy theory basis for individualized concept structure analysis. This method integrates Fuzzy Logic Model of Perception (FLMP) and Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM). The combined algorithm could analyze individualized concepts structure based on the comparisons with concept structure of expert. Applying the method of the cluster of fuzzy c-mean, we could distinguish characteristics of six groups. We analysis the whole data and discuss the relationship between knowledge structures of the sample. The result and discoveries from the research can offer pupils' misconception of learning fundamental mathematics with reference of diagnosis.
Development of Stand-Alone Type Hydraulic Actuator for Valve Remote Control System
Authors: Park Min Kyu , Go Seok Jo , Park Jang Sik , Choi Moon Ho , Kim Chang Dong , Sung Kum Gil
Published: December 2011

In the case of hydraulic power system of ships or marine facilities, many kinds of mechanical, electrical, hydraulic components are connected to each other very complicatedly. It is very hard to disassemble or reconfigure the hydraulic system. Therefore there are increasing demands from industry for a stand-alone type actuator and a valve remote control system. Valve remote control system (VRCS) is a convenient system which it possible to operate the valves installed in the cargo or ballast tanks from the remote wheelhouse. This paper is dealing with a new stand-alone type hydraulic actuator for a valve remote control system. The stand-alone type hydraulic actuator consists of a gear pump, an AC motor, a check valve, a relief valve and a controller. We try to design and implement the stand-alone type hydraulic actuator and this tries to be verified through an experiment. This research is a contribution to simplify a hydraulic system, improve responsibility of dynamic power system, and reduce an energy loss in a ships or marine facilities.
A Comparative Study of Two Types of Gradient Theory of Plasticity
Authors: Alexandrov Sergei , Jeng Yeau Ren
Published: December 2011

The objective of the present paper is to show that predictions of the conventional strain gradient theories do not coincide with some general physical expectations when large strains and geometry changes should be considered. As an alternative, it is proposed to use strain rate gradient theories of plasticity. One possible theory of this type is formulated as a formal modification of a strain gradient theory of plasticity. The problem of hollow sphere expansion at large strains is solved for both the strain gradient and strain rate gradient theories of plasticity. Comparison of these solutions reveals advantages of the strain rate gradient theory of plasticity for a class of problems.
PAPR Reduction Using Huffman Coding Combined with Selective Interleaver for OFDM Transmitter
Authors: Hamada H.A. , Mohammed Usama S. , Song Moon Kyou
Published: December 2011

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technique is becoming the chosen modulation technique for wireless communications. OFDM can provide large data rates with sufficient robustness to radio channel impairments. There are two main drawbacks with OFDM, the peak to average power ratio and its sensitivity to frequency errors. The signal peak to average power ratio reduction solution play an important role to improve performance of OFDM that peak occurs after symbols fed to FFT to produce time domain signal, adding signals up coherently. In This paper we proposes technique to reduce the PAPR using Huffman coding combined with selective interleaver as distortion less scrambling technique. We utilize the amount saved in the total bit rate by the Huffman coding to send the information of the selected interleaver and encoding table for accurate decoding at the receiver without reducing the effective throughput. Performed computer simulations have shown that the proposed scheme outperform the performance of most of the recent PAPR reduction techniques in most cases. By using this method 2.63 dB PAPR reduction is achieved.
A Hybrid Optimization Algorithm for the Multi-Chromosomal Reversal Median Problem
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zhang Meng
Published: December 2011

In this paper, we introduce a hybrid optimization algorithm with the Branch-and-Bound Method and the Ant Colony Optimization to solve the multi-chromosomal reversal median problem. We convert the large-scale genome into TSP maps at first. Then we use a hybrid optimization algorithm with the Branch-and-Bound Method and the Ant Colony Optimization to solve the problem. In our improved algorithm, we increase the search speed by implement multi-branch parallel search of ACO. Our extensive experiments on simulated datasets show that this median solver is efficient.
A Comparison of Two Approaches for Collision Avoidance of an Automated Guided Vehicle Using Monocular Vision
Authors: Taha Zahari , Jizat Jessnor Arif Mat
Published: December 2011

In this paper a comparison of two approaches for collision avoidance of an automated guided vehicle (AGV) using monocular vision is presented. The first approach is by floor sampling. The floor where the AGV operates, is usually monotone. Thus, by sampling the floor, the information can be used to search similar pixels and establish the floor plane in its vision. Therefore any other objects are considered as obstacles and should be avoided. The second approach employs the Canny edge detection method. The Canny edge detection method allows accurate detection, close to real object, and minimum false detection by image noise. Using this method, every edge detected is considered to be part of an obstacle. This approach tries to avoid the nearest obstacle to its vision. Experiments are conducted in a control environment. The monocular camera is mounted on an ERP-42 Unmanned Solution robot platform and is the sole sensor providing information for the robot about its environment.
High Pumping Gain Dickson Charge Pump Using Bootstrapped Technique
Authors: Chen Yung Chin , Zheng Kun Long , Wu Zong Ye , Zheng Tin Fang , Lai Chie Nan
Published: December 2011

This paper proposed a bootstrapped type high-efficient charge pump circuit based on the Dickson charge pump for high output power and pump-efficiency. By using bootstrapped technique, it can increase both of pump-efficiency and power-efficiency. The proposed bootstrapped based charge pump can avoid the threshold voltage drop and enable to generate a higher output voltage. Simulation by using HSPICE level 3 model shows that for conventional Dickson charge pump, it convert the input low DC-voltage (Vin=1.5V) up to 3.8 times of it (VOUT=5.77V), the pump efficiency was 76.93%. Our work, however, can convert the low input DC-voltage (Vin=1.5V) up near to 4.4 times of it (VOUT=6.62V), pump efficiency can reach up to 88.26%.
Modified Shuffled Frog-Leaping Algorithm on Optimal Planning for a Stand-Alone Photovoltaic System
Authors: Ling Jeeng Min , Khuong Anh Son
Published: December 2011

Shuffled frog leaping algorithm (SFLA) is a new meta-heuristic evolutionary algorithm with simple algorithm and effective calculation speed. It performs stochastic searching process that mimics natural biological evolution and the social behavior of species. SFLA conducts its formulation from two main methods, the local searching validated by particle swarm optimization and the competitiveness mixing of information implemented by shuffled complex algorithm. A modified shuffled frog leaping algorithm (MSFLA) is investigated that improves the leaping rule by properly extending the leaping step size and adding a leaping inertia component to account for social behavior. In this paper, a MSFLA is proposed to solve combinatorial optimization problem for a stand-alone photovoltaic (SPV) generation planning. Several practical installed and operated costs for a SPV system were used to trade off nonlinear system reliability in the three specified locations of Taiwan. Different degrees of loss of load hours and load profiles were investigated to achieve the long-term planning requirement.
Effect of Canal Depth on Sound Pressure Level Distribution in Human Bilateral Ears
Authors: Yu Jen Fang , Cheng Wei De
Published: December 2011

This study was to measure the sound pressure level distribution by ear canal resonance in the human left and right external auditory canals (EAC). The gain for different stimulus frequencies was analyzed at four different measuring depths (0.5 cm, 1.0 cm, 1.5 cm and 2.0 cm) from the entrance of the ear canal bilaterally. Comparative evaluation showed that the gain for different stimulus frequencies at a depth of 2.0 cm was consistent with the results of Dillon’s study. In addition, the gain for the right EAC at 4000 Hz was larger than that of the left EAC by 1.2 dB at 0.5 cm, 1.8 dB at 1.0 cm, and 0.8 dB at 1.5 cm. This seems to suggest that gain at 4000 Hz is more affected by depth in the right EAC than in the left EAC. This study further found that the gain at the stimulus frequency of 4000 Hz was more affected by the depth than at 2000 Hz for the bilateral ear canals respectively. These gain differences between the right and left ears were statistically significant (p<0.05) at any of four measuring depths. The findings of this study may have an understanding of gain distribution to have implications for microphone placement of custom-made bilateral hearing aids (i.e. ITC or CIC) as these are placed at different depths within the ear canal. Keywords: Sound pressure level; Canal depth; Ear canal resonance; Real ear measurement; External auditory canal
Hydrolysis of Corncob Residue by Enzymes from Fungi C1067 and the Products Analysis by Capillary Electrophoresis
Authors: Ma Jian Lu , Fang Xiao Min , Guo Xin Jiong , Liu Huan Fei , Dai Gui Fu , Wu Jian
Published: December 2011

To achieve high enzymatic hydrolytic efficiency of corncob residue, one strain, Trichoderma C1067, with the enzyme activity of corncob residue as high as 4.5g/L glucose liberated per hour in 0.5mL crude cellulase and 0.5mL citric acid /sodium citrate buffer under the assay conditions, was carefully studied. The optimal carbon and nitrogen sources used in the fermentation medium are as follows: corncob residues 2.0%, wheat bran 1.5%, corncob 0.5%, rice straw 0.5%, peptone 0.1% and corn steep liquor 4%. The optimal conditions of saccharification for corncob are 55°C and pH 4.0. The sugars gained in the hydrolysate consist of glucose 4.1% and xylose 0.4% after enzymolysis for 72h, tested by capillary electrophoresis.
Finite Element Modeling to a Pallet with Repeated Lattice Pattern
Authors: Kung Chieh , Chen Shin Yong , Liao Te Tan , Chou Te Ming
Published: December 2011

This paper presents finite element approaches to the strength assessment of a pallet having repeated lattice pattern. The pallet is made of recycled plastics similar to high density polyethylene (HDPE). Due to the nature of repeat, the direct full 3D finite element model consumes tremendous computational resource for analysis and hence is far inefficient. A full 3D model using brick elements is created as a benchmark for comparison. Three other models contain shell elements, beam elements and bricks, representing the plate, stringers and ribs of the pallet. A last model using substructure scheme with super-elements is created to conduct the structural analysis of the pallet. The results of this study discloses that the substructural method employing superelements gives the least percent error and is advantageous over either the benchmark model or the rest models proposed in the present study.
Calculation of the Separation Factor for some Silane Systems
Authors: Qiu Zu Min , Liu Zhong Wei , Hu Ping
Published: December 2011

Six ternary silane systems were selected for the separation factor (s) calculation. These systems were: methyldichlorosilane+methyltrichlorosilane+benzene, methyldichlorosilane+ methyltrichlorosilane+dimethyldichlorosilane, methyldichlorosilane+methyltrichlorosilane+ toluene, methyltrichlorosilane+methylvinyldichlorosilane+toluene,methyldichlorosilane+methyltrichloro- silane+methylvinyldichlorosilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane+methyltriethoxysilane+ethanol. Based on the Antoine constants, critical parameters of the pure components and Wilson model parameters, the separation factors were obtained through a program. The effect of temperature and mole fraction to s was also discussed.
Impacts of Biochar on Agriculture Soils and Environmental Implications
Authors: Xu Gang , Sun Jun Na , Chu Li Ye , Shao Hong Bo
Published: December 2011

Biochar, a by-product of biomass pyrolysis, has been suggested as a mean to combat climate change by sequestering carbon, and at the same time to provide energy and increase crop yields. As one possible source of the components with high aromatic structure in soil humus, biochar is of great importance in increasing soil carbon storage and improving soil fertility, and in maintaining the balance of soil ecosystem. This paper briefly reviewed and synthesized recent findings and discussions regarding the production and characteristics of biochar, its effects on global climate change and particularly in relation to the environmental effect of biochar in soil. Research prospects were briefly discussed on the environmental behavior and effect of biochar in soil ecosystem.
The Development of Poplin which Release Anion
Authors: Zou Yan , Li Qing Shan , Qi Cai , Hong Wei , Xing Guang Zhong
Published: December 2011

This article discussed the development process and anion release mechanism of anion printing poplin. Through ultra-fine processing and special modification, 6-ring stone and a variety of functional materials were used to process anion additives. The particle size of anion additives is 50-900 nm. Mix the additive and other additives, then modulation into sizing agent. Through experiments and instruments test, the poplin which obtained by an ordinary printing process, is proved has higher wear behavior. At the same time, the poplin can stable and lasting release anion reached 3000/cm3, reach people's health requirements
Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity of C, N, S-Tridoped Anatase TiO2 Nanosheets
Authors: Xiao Qi , Yao Chi
Published: December 2011

The C, N, S-tridoped TiO2nanosheets are synthesized via hydrothermal synthesis and post-treatment, and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The UV-diffuse reflectance spectra of all the C, N, S-tridoped TiO2nanosheets greatly extends the absorption edge into the visible light region, which can be attributed to C, N, S-tridoping in the form of cation C-doping, interstitial N-doping, anionic S-doping, and adsorbed SO42-ions states. The C, N, S-tridoped TiO2nanosheets exhibits high visible light photocatalytic activity, and the xanthate concentration reduce as much as 100% in 120 min. All these indicate that C, N, S-tridoped TiO2nanosheets photocatalysts are promising visible light photocatalyst for the practical application.
Influence of pH on the Morphology and Luminescence Properties of Europium-Doped Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles
Authors: Huang Su Ping , Zhu Jun , Zhou Ke Chao
Published: December 2011

Luminescence behaviors and morphology of Eu3+doped hydroxyapatite synthesized under different pH values were well investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) (ICP–PLASMA 1000), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Results revealed that With pH values increased from 6.5 to 10.0, the morphology of nano-Eu:HA particles changes from rod particles to equiaxed particles. The actual doping concentration and aspect ratio of Eu3+-doped HA decreased with the increasing of pH value. At the same time, the fluorescence intensity also tends to weakly lower with the increasing of pH value, which indicated that the luminescence properties mainly depended on the actual Eu3+doping concentration, the influences of morphology on the luminescence properties were slight.
The Disassociation of Cordyceps Exopolysaccharide in Aqueous Solution Induced by Ultrasound
Authors: Wang Zhao Mei , Xiao Kai Jun , Wu Jian Yong
Published: December 2011

The self-aggregation of polysaccharides (PS) in solution has led to high viscosity, unstable biological activity and poor resolution in instrumental characterization as well. In this work, ultrasound with low power level was applied to disrupt the PS aggregation of an exopolysaccharide(EPS) from Cordyceps sinensis mycelial culture. Ultrasonic irradiation with 20% amplitude (about 4 W) for 0.5 min decreased the specific viscosity of EPS by 59%. Dynamic light scattering(DLS) experiments on native EPS showed four distinct population with diameter range of 10~500 nm, 500~2500 nm, 3500~12300 nm and 22150~115400 nm respectively. The peaks at large size range in the intensity-weighted size distribution disappeared or shifted to small size range, indicating a gradual disassociation of EPS with the prolongation of ultrasonic duration. AFM observation proved the disassociation of EPS from a highly across-linked gel into single strand under ultrasonic treatment. According to DLS analysis, ultrasonic treated EPS did not show any sign of aggregation over 8 days in contrast to an immediate aggregation growth with native EPS. Ultrasonic irradiation control PS association by means of weakening the hydrogen bonds through the hydrodynamic shear forces arising from acoustic cavitation in the irradiated liquid, which has importance in the applications and structural characterization of PS.
Low Temperature Plasma-Initiated Copolymerization of Acrylamide and Sodium Acrylate
Authors: Wang Ming Yang , Wang Sheng Gao , Zhang Wen Bo , Xu Kai Wei
Published: December 2011

The copolymerization of AM and AANa was initiated by plasma at ambient temperature and pressure by the dielectric barrier discharge technology in this work. The alternative copolymers are conﬁrmed by FTIR. The effect of initiation time, polymerization temperature, monomer mass fraction, mole rate of AM to AANa and postpolymerization time on the conversion rate and molecular weight of the copolymers were studied. The molecular weight of the copolymers can be further increased by post-polymerization,and the plasma-initiated polymerization in this experiment was proven to follow the free radical polymerization mechanism.
Plasma Activated Acrylamide Initiated Polymerization of Acrylamide
Authors: Fang Xiao Chun , Wang Sheng Gao , Wang Ming Yang , Xu Kai Wei
Published: December 2011

A study was made on plasma-initiated polymerization of polyacrylamide (PAM) with high superabsorbent property. The viscosity-averaged molecular weight Mη of this PAM was 6.2×106g/mol in the measurement of viscosity by using water as solvent. Its conversion and water absorption calculated are 70% and 300g/g respectively. The effects of plasma discharge time, polymerization temperature and duration on the conversion and the molecular weight of the products were also investigated. The results of this study suggested that the method of plasma initiated polymerization could greatly enhance the molecular weight and water absorption property of the polymer.
Effect of Supports on the Properties of Co-Mo Nitride Catalysts for Ammonia Decomposition
Authors: Zhao Zhao Hui , Zou Han Bo , Lin Wei Ming
Published: December 2011

Supported Co–Mo nitride catalysts have been synthesized by incipient-wetness impregnation method and temperature-programmed reaction in N2-H2 mixed gases. The effect of support types, namely carbon nanotubes(CNTs), active carbon(AC), 5A zeolite and Al2O3 on the properties of the prepared catalysts for ammonia decomposition has been investigated by XRD, H2–TPR and SEM techniques. The results showed that CNTs was the optimum support for Co–Mo nitride catalyst. At 550 , NH3 conversions over CoMoNx/AC, CoMoNx/Al2O3 and CoMoNx/5A Zeolite catalysts were only 14.7%, 65.4% and 68.7%, respectively, while NH3 conversion over CoMoNx/CNTs catalyst was up to 84.4%. XRD and H2–TPR results indicated that the active species consist of CoMoO4, MoO3, γ-Mo2N and Co3Mo3N crystallites, which can be reduced at elevated temperatures at H2 atmosphere. The SEM characterization demonstrated that Co-Mo nitrides particles disperse uniformly on the CNTs.
Synthesis of Diphenyl Carbonate from Carbon Dioxide Catalyzed by ZnCl2 Supported on SiO2-TiO2
Authors: Wang Min , Duan Zhen Xiao , Fang Tao , Wang Ming Hai , Fan Guo Zhi
Published: December 2011

SiO2-TiO2 mixed oxides was prepared by the homogeneous precipitation method using tetraethoxysilane and tetrabutyl titanate as precursors. Zinc catalyst supported on SiO2-TiO2 was prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method and employed as effective catalyst for the direct synthesis of diphenyl carbonate from carbon dioxide and phenol. The stability of the heterogeneous catalyst was also studied in detail. No significant loss of activity was observed during the 5 runs except for the first recycle.
Preparation of Silver Nano-Particles by CO(NH2)2·H2O2
Authors: Zhao Xiao Ling
Published: December 2011

This article will present using chemical reduction to prepare silver nano-particles, which is a certain improvement base on the traditional hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) Silver ammonia by using a new reductant urea peroxide (CO (NH2) 2•H2O2) to replace hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen Peroxide silver ammonia is widely used in the nano-silver particles Preparation, however, the nano-silver particles prepared in traditional ways is not homogeneous and very easy agglomerated, therefore, in this experimental by using of urea peroxide as a reductant, under condition of temperature 30°C, 45 nm homogeneous nano-silver particles is successfully prepared. The detection instrument used in the experimental is transmission electron microscopy and laser particle size analyzer.
Effect of Water Flow Pattern on the Treatment of Discharged Sewage by Biological Accelerator-Bio-Film Process
Authors: Guo Gai Mei , Chen Hong Ying , Wang Chun Hu , Liu Peng Fei , Wang You Han , Wang Jin Jun
Published: December 2011

The paper studied the effect of water flow pattern on the treatment of disorderly discharged sewage in tidal rivers by bio-film process. The results indicated that biomass was greater under the fluctuation turn flow than under the folding flow around. Under the fluctuation turn flow, the concentration of COD was 168mg/L and the removal rate of COD was 37.1%. Under the folding flow around, the concentration of COD was 187mg/L and the removal rate of COD was 29.4%. The results indicated that the removal rate of COD was higher 7.7% under the fluctuation turn flow than under the folding flow around. The reason was that under the fluctuation turn flow, soft packing fiber was derided by water, and the effective use of surface area was great and microbial growth space was large.
Research on Methods of Ascertaining Characteristic Parameter for Small Watershed Soil Erosion
Authors: Jiang Li , Zhang Di
Published: December 2011

Soil erosion always leads to decreasing of land productivity, deposition of channels, lakes and reservoirs, pollution of water quality and so on. In the small watershed management, the soil erosion amount should be definite. The erosion modulus is able to quantitatively characterize the average extent of soil erosion. In practice, it is difficult to ascertain the erosion modulus. Several methods to ascertain erosion modulus are introduced in this article. Taken some small watershed of Yellow River in West Henan region as an example, these methods are testified to be feasible in ascertaining the erosion modulus. In the construction of small watershed dam system projects and planning and design of hydro junctions, methods and thoughts can be provided for the determination of the erosion modulus.
Preparation and its Adsorption Characters of Pb2+ Ions-Imprinted Chitosan/Palygorskite Hybrid Materials
Authors: Shi Ying Ying , Zhang Qiang Hua , Feng Liang Dong , Xiong Qing Ping , Liu Fei
Published: December 2011

By using Palygorskite as matrix and introducing the surface ion-imprinting concept to the synthesis process, a Palygorskite-supported organic–inorganic hybrid polymer for selective separation of Pb2+ from aqueous solutio was prepared. The prepared polymer was characterized with techniques of SEM, XRD and FT-IR. The effects of contact time, pH value and temperature of the initial solution on the adsorption characters of Pb2+ were investigated. Under the optimum conditions, the ions-imprinted polymer offered a fast kinetics for the adsorption of Pb2+ and the maximum capacity was 4.51 mg/g. And the pseudo-second order model bestly described the kinetics of adsorption of Pb2+ onto the as-prepared materials.
Effect of Sewage Load Shock on Channel Disposal by Bio-Film Process
Authors: Guo Gai Mei , Chen Hong Ying , Wang Chun Hu , Liu Peng Fei , Wang You Han , Wang Jin Jun
Published: December 2011

The paper studied the removal rate of COD under the impact of an instantly big flow of wastewater, and restoring capacity of bio-film after the impact in order to provide data to simulate disorderly discharged sewage in tidal rivers. At 2h after rising tide, the concentration of COD in the dosing pool was 187mg/L and the removal rate of COD was 33.2%. The removal rate of COD before the impact was similar to that after the impact, which indicated that bio-film had the adaptive ability. At 2h after ebb tide, the removal rate of COD was 30.7% after the impact in the dosing pool. The removal rate of COD was 32.0% before the impact in the dosing pool. Compared to the removal rate of COD before the impact, the removal rate of COD after the impact slightly decreased and the reason was that multiple enzyme stimulant had the positive effect on restoring capacity of bio-film.
Study on Oxidation Kinetics of Catalytic Oxidation of Magnesium Sulfite
Authors: Zhu Tong , Qi Xiao Yan , Wang Zhong Yuan , Yu Fang , Liu An An , Song Bao Hua , Zou Dong Lei
Published: December 2011

This paper presented a study on the reaction kinetics of magnesium sulfite catalyzed by Catalyst TR. Used a Lib-scale Plexiglas reactor aerated by air compressors to research the oxidation process Influence by pH, catalyst concentration, aeration quantity, temperature, time, sulfate concentration. Through experiment concluded the activation energy, got the formula between reaction rate and sulfate concentration.
The Novel SO3H-Functionalized Ionic Liquids Promoted Synthesis of Xanthenedione Derivatives in Aqueous Media under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Li Bai Lin , Liang Hua Ding , Zhong Ai Guo , Xu Dan Qian
Published: December 2011

Novel SO3H-functionalized ionic liquids were successfully applied as catalysts for synthesis of xanthenediones under microwave irradiation in Aqueous. Various types of Xanthenes were provided in 90-97% yields using the catalytic system of [(HSO3-p)2im][CF3SO3]/H2O. The products could be conveniently separated from the reaction mixture by filtration and the dissolved catalyst could be reused without any treatment, which of the separation process was performed in water without using any organic solvents. The method not only has the adventages of shrot time and simple operation, but also is environmentally friendly.
Effect of Additives in the Casting Solutions on the Morphology and Performance of PVDF Membranes
Authors: Ma Yu Xin , Shi Feng Mei , Wu Miao Nan , Ma Jun
Published: December 2011

Porous asymmetric PVDF membranes were prepared by the phase inversion process induced by a nonsolvent. The effect of pore-forming hydrophilic additives on the membrane morphology and transport properties was investigated. It was found that membranes prepared with hydrophilic polymer additives can offer higher pure water flux, higher porosity and lower pepsin rejection. PEG 10 000 can be used as a good pore forming additive to prepare PVDF membrane with higher pure water flux and relatively high pepsin rejection.
Research on Excellent Engineer of Chemical Machinery Cultivating System
Authors: Chen Bing , Meng Xiao Mei , Fan Yu Guang
Published: December 2011

The research and formulation of chemical machinery excellent engineer cultivation system is an important basic work to realize the plan of cultivating excellent engineer. Take the process equipment and control engineering profession of our university as example, this paper introduces professional status, analyses and discusses cultivation target, opportunity and facing problems of machinery excellent engineer.
Cryogenic Interlaminar Properties of PBO Fiber/Epoxy Composites
Authors: Zhang Chun Hua , Luan Shi Lin , Qian Xiu Song , Sun Bao Hua , Zhang Wen Sheng
Published: December 2011

The influences of low temperature on the interlaminar properties for PBO fiber/epoxy composites have been studied at liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K) in terms of three point bending test. Results showed that the interlaminar shear strength at 77 K were significantly higher than those at room temperature (RT). For the analysis of the test results, the tensile behaviors of epoxy resin at both room temperature and liquid nitrogen temperature were investigated. The interface between fiber and matrix was observed using SEM images.
Excess Gibbs Free Energies of Selected Binary Halogenated Silane Mixtures at 101.3KPa
Authors: He Zong Jian , Yu Li Ping , Wu Yan Fen , Zeng Xiao Hong
Published: December 2011

Prediction of the behavior of systems containing halogenated silanes required modification of the mixing rules used for solution models. In this work, interaction parameters for the characterization of binary systems of methylvinyldichlorosilane, methyltrichlorosilane, methyldichlorosilane and toluene at 101.3 kpa were evaluated accounting for the ideality of the vapor phase. The experimental measurements of liquid phase composition and bubble point temperature were found to be well represented by the Wilson model. Computed values of the vapor phase mole fractions, activity coefficients and excess Gibbs free energies from the model were presented and discussed.
Preparation and Combustion Properties of Sepiolite/LDPE Composites
Authors: Hu Xiao Ping , Li Shao Xian , Li Liang Jun , Guo Yu Yang , Heng Hui Min , Chang Yan
Published: December 2011

The intumescent flame retardant poly-pentaerythritol diphosphonate dichloride- hexamethylendiamine (PSPHD) grafting sepiolite (PSPHD-SEP) and LDPE/PSPHD-SEP/IFR composites have been prepared. Cone calorimeter technique was employed to characterize the combustion behavior of LDPE/PSPHD-SEP/IFR composites. The results show that the peak and average heat release rates decreased significantly when 5% PSPHD-SEP was added in LDPE. The PSPHD-SEP can promote the char layer to form earlier and be more compact and increase the char residue yield. The compact char residue layer can prohibit the transfer of gas and heat during the burning, showing the improvement of flame retardance.
Synthesis and Luminescence Properties of Tris (8-Hydroxyquinoline) Iron Spindle-Like Structures at Room Temperature
Authors: Kong Qing Hong , Liu Hong , Zhang Yun Long , Yan Yong Sheng
Published: December 2011

Spindle-like bis (8-hydroxyquinoline) iron (FeQ3) complex has been synthesized with a facile method in a mixed solvent system at room temperature for 12 h. The molecular formula of the products is speculated by the C, H and N element analysis and thermal gravimetric analysis, and Fourier-transformation infrared spectroscopy was also utilized to measure its structure, which further confirm the molecular formula of the products. The observation of field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy shows that the morphology of tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) iron complex is spindle-like structure. The photoluminescence of the products were also investigated. The results indicate that the photoluminescence emission of FeQ3spindles shows obvious blue shift contrasted with that of 8-hydroxyquinoline.
Effective Reinforcement of Graphene in Poly (vinyl alcohol) Nanocomposites at Low Loading via Enhanced Interfacial Interaction
Authors: Yuan Xiao Ya
Published: December 2011

The graphene/poly(vinyl alcohol) nancomposites with enhanced filler-matrix interfacial interaction were fabricated via water-blending partially reduced graphene oxide (PRGO) and poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA). The nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray Diffraction(XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM), thermogravimetry(TG). The results showed that the graphene nanosheets were homogeniously dispersed in the PVA matrix and enhanced interfacial adhesion was greatly enhanced due to new covalent linkage and hydrogen-bonding between graphene and PVA backbone. The mechanical and thermal properties of the nanocomposites were significantly improved at low graphene loadings. An 116% increase in tensile strength and a 19°C improvement of onset thermal degradation temperature were achieved by the addition of only 0.8 wt% graphene.
Compatibilizing Effect of MCM-41 and PP-g-MAH on the Mechanical and Thermal Analyzer of PP/PS Blends
Authors: Wang Na , Wu Yu Xian , Zhang Jing , Ma Chi , Chen Er Fan
Published: December 2011

In order to improve compatibility between PP/PS blends, different types of fillers were prepared by melt compounding techniques. The effects of the MCM-41 and PP-g-MAH on the mechanical and crystallization properties of PP/PS composites were investigated. The results of mechanical tests showed that the co-incorporation of MCM-41 filler and PP-g-MAH gave rise to much better tensile and impact strength than adding of MCM-41 and PP-g-MAH respectively due to different interfacial structure between the fillers and the matrix. DMA attested that the good adhesion between PP/PS blend was obtained by adding MCM-41 and PP-g-MAH fillers.
Glycocerebrosides from Sagina japonica (Sw.)
Authors: Jia Ai Qun , Wang Wei Xin , Yang Xu
Published: December 2011

A new glycocerebroside (1), along with one additional known glycocerebroside (2), was isolated from the chloroform-soluble lipid fraction of the ethanol extract of Sagina japonica (Caryophyllaceae) and characterized. The structure and relative stereochemistry of two compounds were identified as (2S, 3R, 4E, 8E, 10E)-1-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-3-hydroxy-2-[(R)-2′-hydroxy palmitoyl] amino-4, 8, 10-octadeca-tri-ene (1) and (2S, 3R, 4E, 8E)-1-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-3-hydroxy -2-(palmitoyl)amino-4, 8-octadeca-di-ene (2) by means of spectroscopic (1H, 13C, and 2D NMR; MS).
Paleodose of Quartz in Volcano Ash beside Huguang Maar Lake
Authors: Chen Jing Min , Xiong Zheng Ye , Tang Qiang , Peng Zhan Mi , Shi Wen Qing , Feng Yu Jun
Published: December 2011

Quartz grains were extracted from volcano ash beside Huguang Maar Lake, and the thermoluminescence (TL) of the grains was measured. Based on the thermoluminescence data of quartz the paleodose of volcanic ash beside Huguang Maar Lake was calculated with sensitized revise technique. The calculated TL dose depending on TL about 315◦C is 75.3±4.8Gy, while the calculated dose depending on TL about 407◦C is 115±8Gy. A physical model is set up to analyze the difference of the two calculation doses, and it can be seen that the latter is relatively veracious.
The Research of the Harmful Substances about Aggregate in Concrete
Authors: Ding Jiang Min , Wang Sheng Zhi , Liu Yi
Published: December 2011

The aggregate, as the main ingredient of concrete, takes up 2/3-3/4 volume of the concrete and plays the important role of concrete about the overall performance. When concrete are mixed, alkali-activated silica, carbonate, sulfate and chloride contained in aggregate would produce chemical reactions. According to above reactions, this paper analyzes their influence to the concrete durability. Some precautions are put forward to enhance concrete durability.
Theoretical Account for the Bimetallic Bonding of the Copper Clad Aluminum Wire by Clad-Drawing at Room Temperature
Authors: Dai Yu Mei , Ma Yong Qing , Dai Yu Jie
Published: December 2011

By analysis of the theoretical calculation, it is obvious that the bimetallic bonding of the copper clad aluminum wire by clad drawing at room temperature is the action results of collective gravitation of a great lot of two metal surface atoms reciprocally by outside force. The interatomic potential energy of the closer atoms of two metal surfaces is obvious lower, so as to change for electron within the distance. The interdiffusion of the bimetallic surface atoms by clad drawing at room temperature, is good for improving the bond strength, but is not necessary.
Research Development on the Preparation of Gold-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Yan
Published: December 2011

The study of core@shell magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) has a wide range of applications because of the unique combination of the nanoscale magnetic core and the functional shell. In this paper, a brief review is presented on the different methods for the preparation of gold-coated composite magnetic nanoparticles, along with our preliminary work on the synthesis of gold-coated alloy nanoparticles.
Size-Dependent Diffusion Coefficient in Nanocrystalline Materials
Authors: Zhang S.
Published: December 2011

A simple model, without any free parameter, is introduced to predict the size-dependent diffusion coefficient of nanocrystalline materials in this contribution. It is found that as the size of the nanocrystals decreases, the diffusion activation energy of atoms decreases and the corresponding diffusion coefficient strongly increases due to the Arrhenius relationship between them, which leads to evident diffusion at the room temperature. The model prediction is in agreement with the experimental diffusion results of Cu and Ag diffusion in Cu nanocrystalline materials.
Microstructure Observation of Ni50Ti45Ta5 Shape Memory Alloy
Authors: Gong Chang Wei , Guo Fen Fang , Tian Yu Ming , Chai Yue Sheng
Published: December 2011

The phase transformation and microstructure in solution-treated Ni50Ti45Ta5shape memory alloy have been investigated. Two different second-phase particles, (Ti,Ta)2Ni and a tantalum-rich solid solution (β-Ta) mostly located at grain boundaries are observed. The results indicate that the Ta atoms are suggested to replace Ti atoms, instead of Ni atoms in these alloys. Ni50Ti45Ta5 alloy is similar to equiatomic NiTi alloy with near equal transformation temperatures and having one stage transformation. The main lattice twin is type II twin. compound twin also observed because of 5at% Ta addition.
Synthesizing and Characterizing of ZrO2 Nanopowders via Ultrasound-Assisted Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Ma Wu Jun , Zheng Min , Wang Zuo Shan , Chen Zhong Li
Published: December 2011

We have developed an ultrasound-assisted sol-gel approach for the synthesis of ultrafine nanocrystalline ZrO2 powders. The ultrasound-assisted sol-gel synthesis is expected to be able to process continuously, and may lead to energy savings because of rapid heating to the needed temperature and increased kinetics of crystallization. The variation of crystallite size has been investigated using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), TG–DTA analyze and photoluminescence. This method is very simple and can lead to powders with desirable characteristics such as very fine size, narrow size distribution, and good chemical homogeneity.
Effect of Nd on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High Aluminum Zinc-Based Alloy
Authors: Wei Ai Li , Zhang Kun Yu , Li Xian Rong , Liang Wei
Published: December 2011

This work mainly investigated the influence of element Nd on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the Zn-25Al-5Mg-2.5Si alloys with different Nd contents. The tensile and hardness tests were carried out at room and elevated temperatures. The results show that the addition of element Nd leads to the grain refining and the formation of Al2Nd and NdZn2 phases in the microstructure, and the mechanical properties of the alloys rise at first and then drop with the increasing of Nd content. The optimization of microstructure and performance especially the tensile strength at high temperature is obtained when Nd content is 0.8 wt.%. It can result in increase of tensile strength by 48.8% and micro-hardness by 67.4% at 180。C.
Study on Porcelain Acoustic Emission Signal Based on All Phase Spectrum Analysis
Authors: Ye Ding , Jin Wei , Liu Chen Xi
Published: December 2011

In order to differentiate the porcelain quality, the paper introduces the All Phase spectrum analysis technology and studies on analyzing porcelain acoustic emission (AE) signal. As for the energy leakage by traditional signal truncation method in processing the signal, the all phase truncation method somewhat reduce the leakage which affects the follow-up porcelain quality discrimination. All instances consisting sample point are considered and weighted average technology is introduced to make amplitude-frequency clearer. According to the simulation, the energy leakage based on all phase signal processing is weakened and the spectrum is able to be accurate. It is more beneficial to the follow-up porcelain quality discrimination.
Effect of Material and Pin Surface on Vertical Force in Friction Stir Welding
Authors: Song Xiao , Huang Chun Ping , Liu Ge Ping , Xing Li , Ke Li Ming
Published: December 2011

The information about the effect of material and pin surface on the vertical force in friction stir welding was collected and analyzed. The results shown that the vertical force experienced a steady process when tool was moving steadily in the workpiece; The vertical force in steady state was impacted by material, because the thermal and mechanical properties of different material were not same. The vertical force was the greatest when welding TC4 (about 8.40 KN), and the vertical force was greater when welding T2 (about 7.35 KN) than welding LY12 (about 3.10 KN). Pin surface also affected the vertical force; because threads generated forces when tool rotating in the workpiece. The vertical force was greater by using column pin with left thread (about 3.48 KN) than by using column pin with right thread (about 3.09 KN), and the vertical force was median (about 2.60 KN) by using column pin without thread.
Effect of Yttrium Addition on High Temperature Oxidation Resistance of Co-10Cr-5Al Alloys
Authors: Zhang Huai Shu , Zhang Hong Hua , Xiang Jun Huai , Wang Shan , Wu Di
Published: December 2011

The oxidation behavior of Co-10Cr-5Al-0.3Y alloy in 1 atm of pure O2 at 700°C was investigated. The addition of 0.3 at.%Y significantly increased the oxidation rate of the alloy and changed the oxidation behavior from the approximate parabolic rate law to linear rate law. The scale grown on the surface at 700°C was porous with many small voids and cracks, and was composed of an outer CoO layer and an inner complex layer rich in Al2O3 and Cr2O3 which were intermingled with yttric oxide and spinel Co(Cr, Al)2O4.
HAP/UHMWPE-Coated Titanium Preparation of Biological Materials
Authors: Wang Guo Qing , Niu Li Ping
Published: December 2011

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is known as a kind of bioactive and biocompatible material, HAP coatings are used to improve the biocompatibility of substrate by some researchers. In this paper, homogenous precipitation of hydroxyapatite was formed in the system of CaNa2EDTA -(NH4)2HPO4-NH4OH-H2O, and HAP powder was obtained after calcinations at 800 and grinding. Add HAP in UHMWPE o-xylene solution to get dipping solution and prepare HAP/UHMWPE-coated titanium by dipping coating process. Scratch test demonstrated that Ti-HAP/UHMWPE material started to shine metallic luster under 1.03 N, and adhesive strength is 32MPa. UHMWPE not only simplified the process of preparing HAP-coated material, but also enhanced the adhesive strength, which shows great potential in biomedical areas.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-1Mn-0.6Ce Alloy Containing Yttrium
Authors: Su G.H. , Sun Y. , Cao Zhan Yi
Published: December 2011

Mg-1Mn-0.6Ce-xY (x=0, 1, 2 and 3, mass fraction, %) magnesium alloys were prepared by casting method. And the influences of yttrium on microstructure and mechanical properties of the Mg-1Mn-0.6Ce magnesium alloy were investigated. The results reveal that the addition of yttrium to the Mg-1Mn-0.6Ce alloy could reduce the grain size of the as-cast alloys and improve mechanical properties during the investigated temperature range. The Mg-1Mn-0.6Ce-1Y alloy exhibits maximum ultimate strength, yield strength, elongation and the values are 152 MPa, 72 MPa and 13.4% and enhanced about 23.1%, 63.6% and 38.1% compared with those of Mg-1Mn-0.6Ce alloy at room temperature, respectively. The improvement of mechanical properties are attributed to the grain refinement and the precipitation strengthening generated by the Mg12Ce phase particles and the fine Mg24Y5 precipitations.
Numerical Simulation of Laser Welding for Different Thickness Aluminum Alloy Plate
Authors: Zhang Tian Yu , Chen Hua
Published: December 2011

The temperature field and stress field of laser welding were simulated by "ansys" analysis soft of finite element for different thickness aluminum alloy plate. The results show that quasi steady state temperature field were formed after laser act on aluminum alloy plate for a certain time. Because heating volume of thin plate is small than one of thickness plate under the same amount of heat input, thin plate has greater grads of temperature and melting pool size. Distribution law of heat stress is similarity with common melt welding. However. heat stress filed area and its peak value of thin plate is greater than one of thickness plate.
Influences of Bleached Softwood Pulp Pretreated with Endo-Cellulase on Fiber Surface Properties and Aggregation Structure
Authors: Du Min , Li Xin Ping , Li Wu Guang
Published: December 2011

The influences of endo-cellulase pretreatment of bleached softwood pulp before refining was investigated in this paper. Refining energy consumption, paper properties, wetting properties, electric charge and aggregation structure of fiber were investigated. The results showed that pretreated with endo-cellulase at the dosage of 0.4ECG/g before refining could increase the refining degree by 53.09%, and it would reduce refining energy consumption significantly. At this dosage, the tensile index of the paper sheet increased while the tear index of paper sheet decreased slightly. Additionally, enzymatic pretreatment could raise fiber surface wettability, lower the absolute value of Zeta potential and decrease the crystallinity of fiber, which was help to improve refining performance.