bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Guia Alimentar Brasileiro como ferramenta na construção de saberes e reflexões no contexto escolar
Authors: Cardoso Carlos Eduardo de Faria , Mezzavilla Raquel de Souza
Published: July 2022

Para ampliar a autonomia dos indivíduos durante suas escolhas alimentares é fundamental o acesso a informações confiáveis, consistentes e desmistificadas, respeitando a identidade e a cultura alimentar. O presente artigo descreve a experiência na construção de um circuito de atividades de Educação Alimentar e Nutricional (EAN) voltadas para o estímulo de hábitos saudáveis em adolescentes no contexto escolar, por meio da tradução de forma lúdica do conteúdo da atual edição do Guia Alimentar Brasileiro, sendo dividida em sessão teórica e prática. Foi realizado um compilado de atividades, estimulado pela discussão dos conteúdos abordados na atual edição do Guia para a população brasileira, buscando estabelecer uma troca de experiências e ideias entre educando e educador. Por meio das atividades, foi possível observar que o ambiente escolar aparece como local privilegiado para a implementação de intervenções na área da EAN, pois possui uma função social na formação de ideias e opiniões.
gastronomia como recurso para minimizar assimetrias sociais
Authors: Silva Elga Batista da , Anjos Marvin Henrique Fabricio dos , Branco Camila da Silva Vaz
Published: July 2022

A gastronomia é uma área que tem ganhado notoriedade em função de fatores como a ascensão de programas midiáticos e projetos sociais que apresentam diversas faces dessa ciência e rotinas da cozinha profissional. Este trabalho narra iniciativas de gastronomia social, abordando como tais projetos contribuem para reduzir assimetrias sociais e apresentando iniciativas para o desenvolvimento profissional de pessoas em condições de vulnerabilidade. São apresentados no presente artigo projetos de universidades (extensionistas), além daqueles desenvolvidos por profissionais da área de alimentação (chefs e gestores), associações e grupos independentes. Fez-se uma breve análise da importância da gastronomia social enquanto potencial fator de desenvolvimento pessoal, profissional e econômico, contribuindo para a maior inclusão de pessoas em dificuldades na inserção no mercado de trabalho.
Disparidade Étnico-racial e Mortalidade pela Covid-19: Estudo de Caso com duas Cidades de Médio Porte
Authors: Gariboti Diuster Franceschi , Silva Júnior Flavio Manoel Rodrigues
Published: July 2022

A disparidade étnico-racial é uma inquietante adversidade que se faz vigente no contexto atual da sociedade brasileira. Durante a pandemia do Novo Coronavírus, diferentes países do mundo apontaram a relação entre esta e outras vulnerabilidades socioeconômicas e a mortalidade pelo vírus. A presente pesquisa objetivou analisar e fundamentar como a disparidade étnico-racial se fez presente durante a pandemia da COVID-19 contextualizando a problemática a partir da análise em duas cidades de médio porte, localizadas no Rio Grande do Sul: Rio Grande-RS e Pelotas-RS. O artigo foi baseado no método de abordagem hipotético-dedutivo, com participação da técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica junto ao estudo de caso, em que foram estimadas as taxas de mortalidade geral da população e as estratificadas entre brancos, pretos e pardos, baseadas nos dados do Registro Civil de Óbitos das cidades referidas. Os resultados obtidos no presente estudo apontam taxas de mortalidade entre pretos superiores às taxas entre os brancos (aumento de 36% em Rio Grande e 46% em Pelotas), similares a resultados obtidos em outros estudos que investigaram metrópoles brasileiras. Nesse ínterim, os achados deste estudo ampliam a problemática da disparidade étnico-racial no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19, para além das grandes metrópoles brasileiras, e evidenciam um problema estrutural em cidades de médio porte.
Impactos do uso e cobertura do solo na produção de sedimentos em área de manancial peri-urbano tropical
Authors: Jovino Estephania Silva , Angelini Ronaldo , Bressiani Danielle Almeida , Cunha Karina Patrícia Vieira , Costa Carlos Willmer
Published: July 2022

Como consequência da interferência do uso e cobertura do solo no processo erosivo, conhecer a dinâmica de uma bacia hidrográfica que é utilizada como fonte de água destinada ao abastecimento urbano, é essencial. Devido à sua complexidade e a necessidade de fazer estimativas, o desenvolvimento de modelos matemáticos é fundamental para tomadas de decisão assertivas. Dentre os modelos existentes, o modelo (Soil & Water Assessment Tool) SWAT é um dos mais utilizados no mundo. Neste contexto, o objetivo do trabalho é comparar o uso do solo no manancial do Ribeirão do Feijão, localizado no sudeste do Brasil, entre períodos distintos e estimar a produção de sedimentos relacionando com o uso do solo da bacia, utilizando o SWAT +, assim como definir áreas prioritárias para melhoria do cenário de qualidade da água. A simulação foi realizada dividindo a bacia em sub-bacias e atribuição de múltiplas Unidade de Resposta Hidrológica (HRUs). As métricas utilizadas para analisar a eficiência do modelo indicam que os resultados satisfatórios, com Nash-Sutcliffe (NSE) de 0,53 e 0,54, para calibração e validação da vazão, respectivamente. O modelo representado nesse estudo pode contribuir para orientar futuros planejamentos do uso e cobertura do solo, viabilizando a previsão de distintos cenários e possíveis impactos na produção de água.
Fault Detection and Prognostic Health monitoring of Towed array sonars
Authors: Joseph V. Jojish , N Unnikrishnan , Ambat Sooraj K
Published: July 2022

Sonars are used to detect underwater targets and are especially important in maintaining naval superiority. Towed array sonars can operate at very low frequencies thus giving larger ranges and can be deployed to any desired depth of operation. Towed array sonars offer long range surveillance capability and is the sensor of choice for sustained surveillance operations. Reliable operation and maintenance of towed array sonars need effective methods of health monitoring and reliability prediction. For any prognostic health monitoring to be done we need to identify certain parameters which can be observed and will give system health status in the present condition. This paper proposes some metrics which are easily measurable in-situ and which offer insights into the health of the sonar system. These metrics give direct measureable impact for each of the failure modes and offer insights into the current health of an operational towed array sonar. Simulation results are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed metrics and detailed trial data results from different towed array trials are analysed to validate them in operational scenarios.
Obscurant and Radiation Characteristics of Infrared Screening Smoke Composition Based on Red Phosphorus
Authors: Dam Quang Sang , Nguyen Van Tinh , Nguyen Trung Toan
Published: July 2022

Red phosphorus-based camouflage compositions are often used on naval ships to counter anti-ship missiles. This work focused on investigating the obscurant and infrared radiation characteristics of infrared-screening smoke of pyrotechnic compositions based on red phosphorus, Mg-Al alloy, barium nitrate and Viton A rubber. The results demonstrated that the smoke clouds of the formulation based on red phosphorus and Mg-Al alloy have a high attenuation capability to 1.064 µm laser radiation. Besides, these smokescreens also have a better emission power in the wavelength range of 2.5-5 and 8-14 µm. Therefore, the smoke compositions based on red phosphorus and Mg-Al alloy can be used in camouflage devices on naval ships against infrared and laser-guided missiles.
ON A q-BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM WITH DISCONTINUITY CONDITIONS
Authors:   Harran University, Karahan D. , Mamedov K.R. ,   Mersin University
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we studied q-analogue of Sturm–Liouville boundary value problem on a finite interval having a discontinuity in an interior point. We proved that the q-Sturm–Liouville problem is self-adjoint in a modified Hilbert space. We investigated spectral properties of the eigenvalues and the eigenfunctions of q-Sturm–Liouville boundary value problem. We shown that eigenfunctions of q-Sturm–Liouville boundary value problem are in the form of a complete system. Finally, we proved a sampling theorem for integral transforms whose kernels are basic functions and the integral is of Jackson’s type.
ALGORITHMS AND INFORMATION PROCESSING IN NUMERICAL RESEARCH OF THE BARENBLATT–ZHELTOV–KOCHINA STOCHASTIC MODEL
Authors:   South Ural State University, Soldatova Е.А. , Keller A.V. ,   South Ural State University,   Voronezh State Technical University
Published: July 2022

The paper investigates a model of pressure dynamics of a liquid filtered in a fractured-porous medium with random external action. It is based on the Cauchy–Dirichlet problem for the BarenblattZheltov–Kochina stochastic equation. An algorithm for numerical research and information processing is presented, which provides for obtaining both degenerate and non-degenerate equations. The article describes an algorithm for the numerical solution of the Cauchy–Dirichlet problem for the Barenblatt–Zheltov–Kochina stochastic equation, which is based on the Galerkin method. Numerical study of the stochastic model implies obtaining and processing the results of n experiments at various values of a random variable, including those related to rare events. The main theoretical results that have made it possible to conduct this numerical study are the methods of the theory of degenerate groups of operators and the theory of Sobolev-type equations. Algorithms are represented by schemes that allow to build flowcharts of programs on their basis, for conducting computational experiments.
DIFFUSION TRANSFER IN A SPHERICAL GRANULE WITH IDEAL CONTACT OF TWO CONSECUTIVE MULTI-PERMEABLE AXISYMMETRIC AREAS UNDER BOUNDARY CONDITIONS OF THE FIRST KIND
Authors:   Voronezh State Technical University, Konovalov D.A. , Ryazhskikh A.V. ,   Voronezh State Technical University, Khvostov A.A. ,   Voronezh State Technical University, Soboleva E.A. ,   Voronezh State Technical University
Published: July 2022

The unsteady transfer of a substance through diffusion mechanism in an axisymmetric two-layer spherical granule with different permeability with ideal contact is represented by a system of parabolic equations in the format of 1D spherical coordinates. On the outer surface of the granule a constant concentration of diffusing medium is maintained, and at the interface between the layers a boundary condition of the fourth kind is applied. An attempt to solve a similar problem posed by the method of onesided semi-bounded integral Laplace transform does not lead to a physically justified solution, since for small values of time, the solution is not stable and does not satisfy the criterion of convergence with an increase in the number of terms of the resulting series. However, if the classic method of separation of variables to integrate the original system is applied, the resulting solution satisfies each equation of the system and identically fulfills the initial-boundary conditions. The examined problem has an important practical application for estimating the kinetic coefficient of the Gluckauf postulate of the transfer rate of a single-species medium in a bidisperse granular material in the approximation of a hypothetical linear model with lumped parameters.
THE MINIMAL VERTEX EXTENSIONS FOR COLORED COMPLETE GRAPHS
Authors:   Saratov State University, Razumovsky P.V. , Abrosimov M.B. ,   Saratov State University
Published: July 2022

The article proposes the results of the search for minimal vertex extensions of undirected colored complete graphs. The research topic is related to the modelling of full fault tolerant technical systems with a different type of their objects in the terminology of graph theory. Let a technical system be Σ, then there is a graph G(Σ), which vertices reflects system’s objects and edges reflects connections between these objects. Type of each object reflected in a mapping of some color from F = {1,2…,i} to the corresponding vertex. System’s Σ vertex extension is a graph G(Σ) which contains additional vertices. System reflected by graph G(Σ) can work even if there are k faults of its objects. Complete graph is a graph where each two vertices have an edge between them. Complete graphs have no edge extensions because there is no way to add additional edge to the graph with a maximum number of edges. In other words, the system reflected by some complete graph cannot be able to resist connection faults. Therefore the article research is focused on vertex extensions only. There is a description of vertex extensions existence condition for those colored complete graphs. This paper considers generating schemes for such minimal vertex extensions along with formulas, which allows to calculate number of additional edges to have an ability to construct minimal vertex extension.
EXACT ESTIMATES AND RADII OF CONVEXITY OF SOME CLASSES OF ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS
Authors:   Kostanay Regional University named after A. Baitursynov, Maiyer F.F. , Tastanov M.G. ,   Kostanay Regional University named after A. Baitursynov, Utemissova A.A. ,   Kostanay Regional University named after A. Baitursynov, Kozlovskiy S.A. ,   AOO “Nazarbayev Intellectual Schools”
Published: July 2022

The study of the geometric properties of analytic functions is one of the classical problems of the theory of functions of a complex variable and has been of steady interest to many mathematicians for more than half a century now. At the same time, a separate area is the building of sufficient conditions of one-leaf analytic functions, including finding the conditions for simple geometric properties of analytic functions (convex or star-shaped, almost starshaped, etc.). The solution of these problems in many cases is associated with finding estimates in different classes of analytical functions, which in itself is also a relevant problem. This article is devoted to finding exact estimates of analytic functions and their derivatives in fairly broad classes of functions, which are distinguished in the form of some restrictions on the domains obtained from the domains of values of these functions by circular symmetrization or symmetrization with respect to a straight line. Based on these results, the exact radii of convexity in some classes of functions are found.
AB INITIO MODELLING OF A BILAYER GRAPHENE
Authors:   South Ural State University, Kaplun M.V. , Anikina E.V. ,   South Ural State University, Beskachko V.P. ,   South Ural State University
Published: July 2022

Using the electron density functional theory, numerical modelling of bilayer graphene has been performed. The structure and binding energy of the layers depending on the representation of the wave function of the system have been studied: plane waves (VASP package) and atomic-like orbitals (SIESTA package); and choice of approximation for the exchange-correlation (XC) functional. It has been shown that being in the free form the system creates a stable AB structure of bilayer graphene. The calculation of the layer binding energy has shown that the results of modelling performed with different basis for the wave function are consistent when using XC functionals corresponding to each other and considering the correction to the basis set superposition error in the tight binding method. As expected, the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) has shown underestimated values of the interaction energy of graphene layers. Comparison with experimental data has shown that the energy and geometric characteristics of bilayer graphene are best described by the local electron density approximation (LDA). The 2nd and 3rd generation semi-empirical Grimme corrections for GGA have given estimates of the binding energy higher than LDA, but also close to the experimental results.
Correlation between Hematologic Parameters and Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in the Full-Term Pregnant Patients in Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia
Authors: Sukri Muhamad
Published: July 2022

Objective: We investigated the role of hematologic parameter such as hemoglobin, white blood  cells, platelet, hemoglobin platelet ratio (HPR), hemoglobin white blood cells ratio (HWR) in  full-term pregnant patients and correlate the result with their urine culture following delivery.  Methods: Between 2019-2020, a total number of 95 pregnant patients were retrospectively  evaluated at the maternal ward.Results: The average age of the subjects was 29.15 (SD ± 5.95), median of parity of 2 (range 1- 4) and mean of gestational age was 37.5 (SD ± 1.67). There is no difference between groups on  the surgery types and comorbidities condition. Among the patients, 14 urine cultures produced  growth of 105 CFU/ml bacteria. Pearson’s correlation test showed that leukocyte inversely  correlated with bacteriuria, meanwhile hemoglobin white blood cell ratio (HWR) is positively  correlated with urinary culture result. In the diagnostic performance, HWR had AUC of 0.765  with sensitivity and specificity of 78.6% and 64.2% respectively at the cut off of 11.92.Conclusions: Prediction of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant patient by simple calculation of  HWR might be helpful in significantly reducing workload and costs of urine culture. It is a great  advantage that the parameters we use in our work are easily accessible and can be performed in  emergency conditions.
The Underlying Gendered Factors Influencing Access to and Utilization of Skilled Birth Attendance (Sba): A Case Study in Ghana
Authors: Ambrose Naawa , Leonard Baatiema , Kor Jacob Aaworb-nang Maabobr , Sumah Anthony Nwinkaara , Zwanikken Prisca
Published: July 2022

Maternal mortality continues to be a major public health concern in Ghana where women still die from preventable maternal deaths. Several factors contribute to the high maternal mortality in the country including delay in seeking skill birth attendance, sociocultural factors among others. Pursuance to the aforesaid, the study aimed at analyzing the role of gender in accessing skilled birth attendance in Ghana. A review of relevant literature was conducted to respond to the role of gender in accessing and utilizing skilled birth attendance.  The search was conducted in Web of Science, Medline, PubMed, Academic Search Complete, and Cochrane database of systematic reviews including manual search of relevant literature in articles reference list. The 12 Centre for Evidence Based Management (CEBM) guidelines were used to assess the quality of the studies. The findings revealed a power play and a significant role of gender in accessing skilled birth attendance. Among the 10 studies included in this review, half of them were from northern Ghana whiles the other half in southern Ghana. Significant element discussed among the papers reviewed included male involvement, participation in decision making processes to seek skilled delivery and the effect of women social network. Men although appreciate the importance of skilled birth attendance, they are unable to provide the needed support to their partners during labour. The decision on the place of birth is mostly taken by the elderly women in the families. Gender indeed plays a significant role in determining women access and utilization of skilled birth attendance.
Stanisław Karłowski (1879-1939): Pioneer of Biodynamic Farming and Organic Agriculture in Poland
Authors: Paull John , Bietkowski Pawel
Published: July 2022

Stanisław Karłowski (1879-1939) was one of the great champions of Biodynamic farming during its formative years. After an illustrious career as an international banker, in 1920 he purchased the Szelejewo Estate in Poland comprising 1,724 hectares. Rudolf Steiner (1861-1925) presented his Agriculture Course at Koberwitz (now Kobierzyce, Poland) in the summer of 1924. Rudolf Steiner called for farming to be based on natural and biological principles and the farm to be considered as an organism. His seminal course laid the grounds for the subsequent development of Biodynamic and organic farming. Stanisław Karłowski encountered Biodynamics in 1929. He converted his Szelejewo Estate to Biodynamics, thereby creating what was, at the time, likely the largest Biodynamic (BD) farm in Europe, and perhaps the world (c.f. Ehrenfried Pfeiffer’s farm, Loverendale, Netherlands, was 320 hectares). Stanisław Karłowski published a series of seven booklets (in Polish) promoting the practice of Biodynamics (including a translation of Ehrenfried Pfeiffer); these are believed to be the first Biodynamics publications in Polish. Stanisław Karłowski ran courses on Biodynamics at his Estate and made BD preparations available. He engaged in lively debate and advocacy for Biodynamics in Poland’s ‘Agricultural Gazette’. He implemented Rudolf Steiner’s injunction to test the ideas of the Agriculture Course and he published his results and observations in ‘Demeter’, the leading Biodynamics journal of the time. With a leading Polish Anthroposophist artist, Franciszek Siedlecki, he developed advertising material for Biodynamic bread from his Szelejewo Estate. Stanisław Karłowski was a member of Rudolf Steiner’s ‘Experimental Circle of Anthroposophic Farmers and Gardeners’, the ‘inner sanctum’ of those pioneering the development of Biodynamics in its gestational years of the turbulent interwar period. He founded an association to progress biological farming practices. The breadth and depth of Stanisław Karłowski’s dedication to Biodynamics flags him as an exceptional member of the Experimental Circle. He brought to the task an economic viewpoint, the attention to detail of a banker, and the independence of thought of a non-Anthroposophist. Within weeks of the German invasion of Poland, Stanisław Karłowski was executed by a Nazi firing squad in the town square of Gostyń, his wife was deported, his beloved Szelejewo Estate was appropriated by the Nazis, and Poland was extinguished as a sovereign state. The present paper establishes Stanisław Karłowski as a pre-eminent pioneer and champion of Biodynamic and organic agriculture.
End-of-discharge prediction for satellite lithium-ion battery based on evidential reasoning rule
Authors: Zhao Dao , Zhou Zhijie , Zhang Peng , Zhang Yijun , Qin Haibin , Gao Shan
Published: July 2022

To ensure the safety of the power supply for an in-orbit satellite, it is of great significance to accurately predict the end-of-discharge time of lithium-ion batteries for making a reasonable flight plan. Constrained by development time and experimental environment, it is usually difficult to obtain many full discharge voltage curves of satellite batteries from ground experiments as historical data. Because of insufficient data, the prediction accuracy of the single time series prediction method is low. To solve this problem, this paper takes the voltage of the discharge process as the time series and uses the evidential reasoning rule algorithm to fuse the outputs of three typical prediction models to improve the prediction accuracy. The result can be expressed as a form of belief degree distribution with the ability to express uncertainty. Using the NASA battery dataset, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified, and the end-of-discharge of an in-orbit satellite battery is predicted by the telemetry data.
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy – A Proper Model Surgery for AI based Prediction of Adverse Events?
Authors: Berlet Maximilian , Fuchtmann Jonas , Bernhard Lukas , Jell Alissa , Weber Marie-Christin , Neumann Philipp- Alexander , Friess Helmut , Kranzfelder Michael , Feussner Hubertus , Wilhelm Dirk
Published: July 2022

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LCHE) is a widely employed model for surgical instrument and phase recognition in the field of machine learning (ML), with the latter being assigned to identify critical events and to avoid complications. Although ML algorithms have been proven to be effective for this instance and in selected patients, it is questionable whether patients receiving LCHE in daily clinical routine would actually benefit from adverse event prediction by ML applications. We believe, that the statistical problem of low prevalence (PREV) of potential adverse events in an unselected population and consequential low diagnostic yield was not considered adequately in recent research. Therefore, we performed a query to the G-DRG (German Diagnosis Related Groups) database of the German Federal Statistical Office with the aim to calculate prevalence of surgical and postoperative adverse events coming along with LCHE. The results enable an estimation of positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values hypothetically achievable by ML applications aiming to predict an adverse surgical course.
Annotation-efficient learning of surgical instrument activity in neurosurgery
Authors: Philipp Markus , Alperovich Anna , Lisogorov Alexander , Gutt-Will Marielena , Mathis Andrea , Saur Stefan , Raabe Andreas , Mathis-Ullrich Franziska
Published: July 2022

Machine learning-based solutions rely heavily on the quality and quantity of the training data. In the medical domain, the main challenge is to acquire rich and diverse annotated datasets for training. We propose to decrease the annotation efforts and further diversify the dataset by introducing an annotation-efficient learning workflow. Instead of costly pixel-level annotation, we require only image-level labels as the remainder is covered by simulation. Thus, we obtain a large-scale dataset with realistic images and accurate ground truth annotations. We use this dataset for the instrument localization activity task together with a studentteacher approach. We demonstrate the benefits of our workflow compared to state-of-the-art methods in instrument localization that are trained only on clinical datasets, which are fully annotated by human experts.
Motorized Percussion: A comparative Evaluation to Foster Telemedicine
Authors: Hangleiter Annika , Berlet Maximilian , Fuchtmann Jonas , Krumpholz Roman , Feußner Hubertus , Wilhelm Dirk
Published: July 2022

Purpose The demand for telemedicine is continuously increasing. However, many medical examination techniques such as auscultation are based on manual execution and subjective assessment by each individual doctor. For the increasing trend of telemedicine, we have developed an electric percussion device that examines in a standardized way. Methods This study evaluated the new approach of using motorized percussion against the gold standard of manual percussion. An examination was carried out on a healthy volunteer using both techniques. Thereby, occurring sounds from both pulmonary and non-pulmonary areas were recorded as the primary goal of percussion is to assess the size of the lung. Recordings were cut into individual samples and randomized within each examination variant. Results When discriminating between ventral and dorsal, and manual and motorized percussion, the outcome of the 28-participant anonymous survey showed that the noisesuppressed ventral motorized percussion with 93.2% (10.2) correctly identified percussion points surpassed all other conducted percussion techniques. Conclusion Making a distinction between pulmonary volume and exterior areas is very reliable with the motorized percussion. In order to be able to describe the clinical picture precisely in the future, further evaluations are necessary.
Towards multimodal interaction for needlebased procedures in a virtual radiology suite
Authors: Schott Danny , Heinrich Florian , Labsch Dominic , Hensen Bennet , Hansen Christian
Published: July 2022

Touchless interaction is popular in the medical domain because it maintains sterility and ensures physicians’ autonomy. Evaluating these technologies, however, proves difficult due to technical and human hurdles. Virtual reality leaves these limitations behind and allows for the exploration of promising concepts by simulating an environment and the interactions that takes place within it.We present a virtual radiology suite in the context of needle-based MR-interventions to evaluate touchless interactions. Hand and foot inputs were implemented on a custom interface and evaluated in a user study (n= 16). Results show that activating the system and manipulating values was faster with foot input. However, multimodal interaction is preferable because it is less demanding.
Exploring object and multi-target instrument tracking for AR-guided interventions
Authors: Schott Danny , Heinrich Florian , Stallmeister Lara , Hansen Christian
Published: July 2022

The rapid development of available hard- and software for computer-assisted or augmented reality (AR) guided interventions creates a need for fast and inexpensive prototyping environments. However, intraoperative tracking systems in particular represent a high cost threshold. Therefore, this work presents a low-cost tracking method based on a conventional RGB camera. Here, a combined approach of multiple image targets and 3D object target recognition is implemented. The system is evaluated with a systematic accuracy assessment analyzing a total of 385 3D positions. On average, a deviation of 15,69+-9,95 mm was measured. In addition, a prototypical AR-based needle navigation visualization was developed using Microsoft HoloLens 2. This system’s feasibility and usability was evaluated positively in a pilot study (n=3).
Towards a real-time control of robotic ultrasound using haptic force feedback
Authors: Schreiter J. , Semshchikov V. , Hanses M. , Elkmann N. , Hansen C.
Published: July 2022

Ultrasound is a widely used imaging technique and is appreciated for its non-invasiveness, absence of radiation, widespread availability, and compact equipment. Ergonomic difficulties in manual handling of the probe could be enhanced by a robotic controlled ultrasound. The paper addresses the development of such a system which enables remote operation of a ultrasound probe and includes haptic force feedback as well as video conferencing components for visual feedback. The development process followed a user-centered approach by investigating needs of potential end-users. Preliminary results demonstrated the functionality of the developed system for generating medical image data under laboratory conditions.
Experimental and numerical evaluation of simulated dental arch expansion during orthodontic therapy
Authors: Jaeger Rudolf , Glöggler Julia , Mai Pham To , Schmidt Falko , Schramm Elena , Schramm Alexander , Lapatki Bernd G.
Published: July 2022

In this publication, methods are presented to improve predictions of perioral soft-tissue changes following the expansion of the dental arches during orthodontic therapy. Acrylic veneers with different thicknesses were reversibly attached to the buccal surfaces of the upper and lower incisors to simulate their protrusion. The resulting morphological changes of the perioral soft-tissue surface were determined by 3D face scans. Experimentally-determined 3D soft-tissue changes are compared to numerical predictions using detailed finite-element (FE) models of the face of two individuals differing in the body mass index (BMI). The results suggest that common estimates of material constants used by the detailed and individualized FE models might be sufficient to explain absolute soft-tissue displacements although differences occurred between experimental and modeling results regarding the directions of displacements. The aim of this investigation is to create predictions of post-treatment appearance that are helpful for therapy planning.
The effect of Virtual Reality (VR) on anxiety and pain in patients undergoing port implantation
Authors: Sargut Mine , Schorn Stefan , Novotny Alexander , Friess Helmut , Wilhelm Dirk , Berlet Maximilian , Kranzfelder Michael
Published: July 2022

A growing body of evidence supports Virtual Reality (VR) as an effective and safe strategy for management of pain and stress associated with medical procedures in both adults and children. We therefore initiated a feasibility study to investigate the effect of VR on pain, stress, and anxiety during elective surgery, e.g. implantation of a central-venous port catheter, hypothesizing that VR can reduce intraoperative pain, stress and anxiety of the patient. In this manuscript, the preliminary results of the first 20 (out of 6o planned) patients are presented. Baseline pain characteristics did not differ between the two study groups (VR group (n=10) and standard (no VR device) group (n=10)). System usability (“easy to use”, “easy to learn” and “safe”) was rated “good - very good” by the study participants. Selfassessment of anxiety components (Y-6 item questionnaire) revealed a calming (3.3 ± 0.5 vs. 2.4 ± 0.5, P= 0.009) and relaxing (2.7 ± 1.2 vs. 1.8 ± 0.4; P=0.09) effect of the VR device. Evaluation of pain level (Short form McGill questionnaire) during the procedure revealed a lower pain intensity (VAS) level (17.5 ± 12.1 vs. 19.5 ± 10.6; P= 0.834) and present pain intensity (PPI) score (0.9 ± 0.6 vs. 1.0 ± 0.5; P= 0.841) in the VR group Preliminary data of our feasibility study indicates a positive effect of VR towards reduction of pain and stress in patients undergoing minor surgery in local anaesthesia. However, further data is needed to substantiate these results.
Automatic Generation of Synthetic Colonoscopy Videos for Domain Randomization
Authors: Dinkar Jagtap Abhishek , Heinrich Mattias , Himstedt Marian
Published: July 2022

An increasing number of colonoscopic guidance and assistance systems rely on machine learning algorithms which require a large amount of high-quality training data. In order to ensure high performance, the latter has to resemble a substantial portion of possible configurations. This particularly addresses varying anatomy, mucosa appearance and image sensor characteristics which are likely deteriorated by motion blur and inadequate illumination. The limited amount of readily available training data hampers to account for all of these possible configurations which results in reduced generalization capabilities of machine learning models. We propose an exemplary solution for synthesizing colonoscopy videos with substantial appearance and anatomical variations which enables to learn discriminative domain-randomized representations of the interior colon while mimicking real-world settings.
Segmentation of Circle of Willis from 7T TOF-MRI data and immersive exploration using VR
Authors: Spitz Lena , Allgaier Mareen , Mpotsaris Anastasios , Behme Daniel , Preim Bernhard , Saalfeld Sylvia
Published: July 2022

7T TOF MRI scans provide high resolution images of intracranial vasculature. When segmented, the Circle of Willis is detailed and thus opens up new possibilities, in research but also in education. We propose a segmentation pipeline for the Circle ofWillis, and introduce a prototype that enables exploration of not just the entire Circle of Willis, but also of its centerline, in an immersive VR enviroment. In our prototype, the model can be freely rotated, placed and scaled. A qualitative evaluation was performed with two experienced neuroradiologists, who rated the prototype and its potential positively.
Deep automatic segmentation of brain tumours in interventional ultrasound data
Authors: Zeineldin Ramy A. , Pollok Alex , Mangliers Tim , Karar Mohamed E. , Mathis-Ullrich Franziska , Burgert Oliver
Published: July 2022

Intraoperative imaging can assist neurosurgeons to define brain tumours and other surrounding brain structures. Interventional ultrasound (iUS) is a convenient modality with fast scan times. However, iUS data may suffer from noise and artefacts which limit their interpretation during brain surgery. In this work, we use two deep learning networks, namely UNet and TransUNet, to make automatic and accurate segmentation of the brain tumour in iUS data. Experiments were conducted on a dataset of 27 iUS volumes. The outcomes show that using a transformer with UNet is advantageous providing an efficient segmentation modelling long-range dependencies between each iUS image. In particular, the enhanced TransUNet was able to predict cavity segmentation in iUS data with an inference rate of more than 125 FPS. These promising results suggest that deep learning networks can be successfully deployed to assist neurosurgeons in the operating room.
Bending stiffness variability between a deployable robotic laser osteotome and its insertion device
Authors: Tomooka Yukiko , Rauter Georg , Gerig Nicolas , Takeda Ryo , Cattin Philippe , Eugster Manuela
Published: July 2022

Varying device stiffness on purpose can provide safety and performance improvements in interventions involving flexible minimal-invasive surgical robotic devices. For example, when flexible robotic devices are used for inserting minimal-invasive tools along curved paths into the knee joint for arthroscopy, a high device stiffness can allow precise path following where desirable. In contrast, when the minimalinvasive flexible device has reached its desired location inside the patient’s body, decoupling the surgical tool (end-effector) from the flexible robotic insertion device can be beneficial in avoiding transferring disturbances such as vibrations to the robot-patient interaction. In this paper, we investigate bending stiffness variability in dependence on the length of a flexible supply channel. Our experiments have shown that bending stiffness in fact decreases with the length of the supply channel but the highest stiffness connection is not sufficiently rigid and we plan to implement a more rigid connection to allow precise path following during insertion.
Surface and Event Characterization - Proximal Audio Sensing to improve Manual and Robotic Device Interventions
Authors: Friebe Michael , Boese Axel , Heryan Katarzyna , Spiller Moritz , Sühn Thomas , Esmaeili Nazila , Illanes Alfredo
Published: July 2022

Minimal-invasive procedures come with significant advantages for the patient. They also come with problems as the navigation/guidance of the devices to a target location is either based on pre-operatively acquired images and then performed free-hand or is accompanied by intraoperative imaging such as MRI or CT that is expensive, complicated and produces artifacts. Using robotic systems for moving and guiding these interventional and therapeutic devices adds additional issues like lack of palpation sensation and missing tissue feedback. While it is possible to add sensors to the distal tip, this creates other obstacles concerning reduced functionality, cables, sterility issues and added complexity and cost. We propose to use a proximally attached audio sensor to record the tissue tool interaction and provide real-time feedback to the clinician. This paper reports on initial attempts to use this technology with robotic arms for surface characterization and interventional vascular procedures that gain increased attention in combination with robotic devices. In summary, Proximal Audio Sensing could be a versatile, cost-effective and powerful tool to guide minimally invasive needle interventions and enable (semi-) autonomous robot-assisted surgery.
Software engineering defect detection and classification system based on artificial intelligence
Authors: Wang Hong , Yuan Limin
Published: July 2022

With the increasing reliance on automatic software-based applications, it is important to automate the classification of software defects and ensure software reliability. An automatic software defect classification system based on an expert system is proposed in this article. In this method, DACS first determines the category of software defects through the selection of typical features, then reduces the spatial knowledge base searched by the inference engine and selects the characteristics of a certain type of defect. Make a selection, determine the name of the defect, and finally select different causes and prevention methods for the defect as needed. The DACS structure was built, and the experiment showed that the AI system took 15 s to complete, whereas the traditional mechanism took 48 s; the accuracy of the AI was 99%, whereas the accuracy of the traditional mechanism was only 68%. According to the aforementioned experimental results, the recognition accuracy of the proposed research scheme is higher than that of the traditional mechanism. Hence, the time required to solve the problem of software engineering defect detection and classification is less than that of the traditional mechanism.
Factors Affecting Engagement of Older Adults in Exercise Following Hospitalization
Authors: Naseri Chiara , Haines Terry P. , Morris Meg E. , McPhail Steven M. , Etherton-Beer Christopher , Shorr Ronald , Flicker Leon , Waldron Nicolas , Bulsara Max , Hill Anne-Marie
Published: July 2022

Background and Purpose:

Exercise interventions can improve physical recovery and reduce falls in older adults following hospitalization. The aim of the study was to identify factors associated with exercise engagement after hospital discharge.

Methods:

This study was a secondary analysis of data collected as part of a randomized controlled trial. Participants were 60 years and older, discharged from 3 rehabilitation hospitals in Australia, and followed for 6 months after discharge. The primary outcome was level of engagement in exercise after discharge, measured using setting, type, frequency, and time. A secondary outcome was self-efficacy for exercise at 6-month follow-up. Data were gathered at baseline in hospital and at 6 months after discharge by telephone using structured surveys. Associations between exercise and participant characteristics were evaluated using logistic regression models.

Results and Discussion:

Participants' (n = 292) mean age was 78 (SD 8) years and 63% were female. There were 146 (50%) who exercised after hospitalization for a median (interquartile range) time of 60 (60-75) minutes per week. Characteristics that were significantly associated with post-discharge engagement in exercise were having higher levels of functional ability at discharge (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.2, 95% CI 1.0, 1.4), living with a partner (AOR 2.9, 95% CI 1.7, 4.9), and engagement in exercise prior to hospital admission (AOR 1.7, 95% CI 1.0, 2.8). The mean self-efficacy for exercise score at 6 months post-discharge was 58.5/90 (SD 24.5). Characteristics that were significantly predictive of a higher mean self-efficacy score at 6 months after hospitalization were having a college or university education (adjusted β-coefficient [Adj β] 11.5, 95% CI 3.8, 19.0), exercise prior to hospital admission (Adj β 12.3, 95% CI 5.1, 19.5), living with a partner at discharge (Adj β 14.5, 95% CI 7.1, 21.9), and higher functional ability at discharge (Adj β 4.0, 95% CI 1.9, 6.1).

Conclusion:

Older adults have low levels of engagement in exercise that might impact their recovery after hospitalization. During exercise prescription, clinicians should prioritize older adults who live alone, who have lower functional ability, and no previous habit of exercising.
Exploring Protein Structure with RasMol, a Free Online Tool
Authors: Fraley Amber D. , Odegaard Katherine E. , Vilchiz Victor H. , Kang ChulHee , Lee Cathy
Published: July 2022

Understanding the structural and functional relationships of proteins is an important concept of biology. Therefore, we had Gordon State College students in the biochemistry class of spring 2019 apply and evaluate a hands-on bioinformatics activity, using the free bioinformatics program, RasMol. This module was designed to help students understand the relationships of a protein to a specific disease, and in this paper, we have chosen to discuss apolipoprotein E (APOE) relationships to Alzheimer’s disease since some of the students had an interest in neurobiochemistry.

During the learning module, students were asked to identify structural differences among the APOE isoforms. Overall, 20 out of 27 students (74.1%) evaluated the instructional value of the RasMol program positively after being surveyed. Student feedback also suggested they learned more about the molecular structure of APOE using RasMol. Therefore, utilization of free computer bioinformatics activities encourages students to apply logical, real-world solutions to biological problems.
Examining Carbon Management and Net-Zero Carbon Goals in the Aviation Industry, Through the Qantas Group
Authors: Moo Emma , Dargusch Paul , Hill Genia
Published: July 2022

Carbon management strategies are crucial for businesses to decrease their contribution to climate change. The aviation industry currently contributes 2% of global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. As part of the aviation industry, Qantas Group has enacted ambitious carbon management goals to reduce its carbon emissions. As of the 2020 financial year, the company’s Scope 1 emissions are 1,919,212 tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions (t CO2-e) and its Scope 2 emissions are 4,642 t CO2-e. The company has reduced its emissions through strategies, such as carbon offsetting, sustainable fuel investment, increasing fuel efficiency and reducing its landfill contribution. The Group’s carbon management goals were examined through a framework, which found these goals to be absolute, broad scoped, ambitious, and set over a long-time frame. These are reflective of providing a successful environmental performance and mitigating its climate risk. Although Qantas has made significant progress in its carbon management goals, there is still much to be improved upon and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic remain to be seen. The Group still requires extensive alterations to its practices to achieve its net-zero emissions goal.
A Political Ecology of Ecologies
Authors: Clarke David A.G.
Published: July 2022

In this short paper I discuss a day spent with a group of students in Glen Almond, Perthshire, in 2018. As I write this now, in 2022, I have the opportunity to situate my present thinking in the story and to think with the idea of a political ecology of ecologies, derived from an immanent ethics. I speculate that competing ecologies are themselves ecological as they perform materially in the world, and that creative research of the everyday enactments of multiple ecologies provides a form of critical environmental and social education.
Judicialization of politics in Indonesia’s electoral system Case study: judicial review on threshold, balloting structure, and simultaneous election at constitutional court
Authors: Pratama Heroik Mutaqin , Perdana Aditya
Published: July 2022

Why does the judicial review process highly influence the electoral system design in Indonesia at the Constitutional Court? Whose interests and what kind of interests are served by the judicial review process at the Constitutional Court towards the electoral system in Indonesia? By analyzing constitutional court verdicts from its inception on August 13, 2003, until the beginning of 2020, this study tries to answer those two questions by using judicialization of political theory. This study found that the extension of the authority of the judicial institution to produce political decisions through the judicial review mechanism can be regarded as the opening of political opportunity structure as a new platform for political actors to achieve their interest in election regulations. For example, to meet one of the electoral systems, a political party is underwhelming variables like the parliamentary threshold requirement specified in the election law. They come to the Constitutional Court to request a judicial review on the threshold requirement and plead the Court to revoke the requirement. Meanwhile, civil society groups, which are not the direct participants of the election, will also utilize the medium provided by the Constitutional Court to challenge various provisions in the election law to create a more democratic electoral system. This study concludes that the Constitutional Court is seen as the guarding of constitutional law enforcement institutions and a power relations arena where different political actors strive to realize their political interests or agenda on election laws.