bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of location and capacity of distributed generations with reconfiguration in distribution systems for power quality improvement
Authors: Penangsang Ontoseno , Daffa Cahyonoputra Muhammad , Fajar Uman Putra Dimas , Dzar Faraby Muhira , Sofyan Sofyan , Muchtar Akhyar
Published: October 2022

The use of non-linear loads and the integration of renewable energy in electricity network can cause power quality problems, especially harmonic distortion. It is a challenge in the operation and design of the radial distribution system. This can happen because harmonics that exceed the limit can cause interference to equipment and systems. This study will discuss the determination of the optimal location and capacity of distributed generation (DG) and network reconfiguration in the radial distribution system to improve the quality of electric power, especially the suppression of harmonic distribution. This study combines the optimal location and capacity of DG and network reconfiguration using the particle swarm optimization method. In addition, this research method is implemented in the distribution system of Bandar Lampung City by considering the effect of using nonlinear loads to improve power quality, especially harmonic distortion. The inverter-based DG type used considers the value of harmonic source when placed. The combination of the proposed methods provides an optimal solution. Increased efficiency in reducing power losses up to 81.17% and %total harmonic distortion voltage (THDv) is below the allowable limit.
Exploring students’ emotional state during a test-related task using wearable electroencephalogram
Authors: Garces-Gomez Yeison Alberto , Lara-Escobar Ruben Darío , López-Jimenez Paula Andrea , Toro-García Nicolás , Cardenas-Jimenez Jose Israel , Gonzalez-Correa Carlos Augusto , Gonzalez-Correa Clara Helena
Published: October 2022

Using wireless sensors for brain activity, brain signals associated with the mood states of engineering students have been captured before and during the taking of a mathematics exam. The characterization of brain lobule activity related to arousal/valence states was analyzed from reports on the literature of the horizontal dimensions of pleasure-displeasure and vertical dimensions representing arousal-sleep. The results showed a direct relationship of the level of students’ arousal with the event of taking an exam as well as feelings of negative emotions during the exam presentation. The development of this research can lead to the implementation of controlled spaces for the presentation of students’ exams in which arousal/valence states can be controlled so that they do not affect their performance and the fulfillment of the goals, achievements or objectives established in a program or subject.
Iris recognition based on 2D Gabor filter
Authors: Ibrahim Yahya Ismail , Abdul-Jabbar Sultan Enaam
Published: October 2022

Iris recognition is a type of biometrics technology that is based on physiological features of the human body. The objective of this research is to recognize and identify iris among many irises that are stored in a visual database. This study employed a left and right iris biometric framework for inclusion decision processing by combining image processing and artificial bee colony. The proposed approach was evaluated on a visual database of 280 colored iris pictures. The database was then divided into 28 clusters. Images were preprocessed and texture features were extracted based Gabor filters to capture both local and global details within an iris. The technique begins by comparing the attributes of the online-obtained iris picture with those of the visual database. This technique either generates a reject or approve message. The consequences of the intended work reflect the output’s accuracy and integrity. This is due to the careful selection of attributes, as well as the deployment of an artificial bee colony and data clustering, which decreased complexity and eventually increased identification rate to 100%. We demonstrate that the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance and that our recommended procedures outperform existing iris recognition systems.
A computer vision-based lane detection technique using gradient threshold and hue-lightness-saturation value for an autonomous vehicle
Authors: Noman Md. Abdullah Al , LI Zhai , Almukhtar Firas Husham , Rahaman Md. Faishal , Omarov Batyrkhan , Ray Samrat , Miah Shahajan , Wang Chengping
Published: October 2022

Automatic lane detection for driver assistance is a significant component in developing advanced driver assistance systems and high-level application frameworks since it contributes to driver and pedestrian safety on roads and highways. However, due to several limitations that lane detection systems must rectify, such as the uncertainties of lane patterns, perspective consequences, limited visibility of lane lines, dark spots, complex background, illuminance, and light reflections, it remains a challenging task. The proposed method employs vision-based technologies to determine the lane boundary lines. We devised a system for correctly identifying lane lines on a homogeneous road surface. Lane line detection relies heavily on the gradient and hue lightness saturation (HLS) thresholding which detects the lane line in binary images. The lanes are shown, and a sliding window searching method is used to estimate the color lane. The proposed system achieved 96% accuracy in detecting lane lines on the different roads, and its performance was assessed using data from several road image databases under various illumination circumstances.
Smart scientific instruments based on smartphones: a brief review
Authors: Sirisathitkul Chitnarong , Sirisathitkul Yaowarat
Published: October 2022

Smartphone has gone beyond a communication hub to be a measurement device itself, thanks to various built-in sensors. This article reviewed achievements in transforming ubiquitous smartphones into cost-effective scientific instruments for educational laboratories, environmental studies, point-of-care diagnostics, home-based health monitoring, and rehabilitation. Magnetic fields were precisely measured by built-in magnetometers, leading to demonstrations for engineering and medical applications. The smartphone-based joint-angle measurement was a viable alternative to traditional goniometers. Characterizations of optical signals captured by cameras led to portable spectrophotometers and colorimeters for both educational and practical uses. Interestingly, smartphones became a platform for high-resolution microscopes and fluorescence microscopes were developed with add-on components. These smart instruments become even more attractive options in the pandemic period with limited facility and laboratory access.
Bit-based cube rotation for text encryption
Authors: Rihartanto Rihartanto , Utomo Didi Susilo Budi , Februariyanti Herny , Susanto Arief , Khafidhah Wardatul
Published: October 2022

Today's rapid technological developments make information increasingly important. Not just its content, but the channels or media used for information distribution also need to be secured. Information security is an important aspect that requires serious attention. One of the most important parts of information security is implementation of encryption using certain methods or techniques. This study proposes bit-based cube rotation to secure a plaintext. The aim is to produce a ciphertext that satisfies the two properties of cryptography through diffusion to produce confusion. The result shows that in a normal sentence, there is a significant change in the ciphertext which has the highest avalanche effect value of 55.47% and a correlation coefficient of 0.115. This result proves that the bit-based cube rotation can produce a good ciphertext, where the encryption result is not influenced by its original text.
AgroSupportAnalytics: big data recommender system for agricultural farmer complaints in Egypt
Authors: Rslan Esraa , H. Khafagy Mohamed , Ali Mostafa , Munir Kamran , M. Badry Rasha
Published: October 2022

The world’s agricultural needs are growing with the pace of increase in its population. Agricultural farmers play a vital role in our society by helping us in fulfilling our basic food needs. So, we need to support farmers to keep up their great work, even in difficult times such as the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, which causes hard regulations like lockdowns, curfews, and social distancing procedures. In this article, we propose the development of a recommender system that assists in giving advice, support, and solutions for the farmers’ agricultural related complaints (or queries). The proposed system is based on the latent semantic analysis (LSA) approach to find the key semantic features of words used in agricultural complaints and their solutions. Further, it proposes to use the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm with Hadoop to classify the large agriculture dataset over Map/Reduce framework. The results show that a semantic-based classification system and ﬁltering methods can improve the recommender system. Our proposed system outperformed the existing interest recommendation models with an accuracy of 87%.
A hybrid swarm intelligence feature selection approach based on time-varying transition parameter
Authors: Khaseeb Jomana Yousef , Keshk Arabi , Youssef Anas
Published: October 2022

Feature selection aims to reduce the dimensionality of a dataset by removing superfluous attributes. This paper proposes a hybrid approach for feature selection problem by combining particle swarm optimization (PSO), grey wolf optimization (GWO), and tournament selection (TS) mechanism. Particle swarm enhances the diversification at the beginning of the search mechanism, grey wolf enhances the intensification at the end of the search mechanism, while tournament selection maintains diversification not only at the beginning but also at the end of the search process to achieve local optima avoidance. A time-varying transition parameter and a random variable are used to select either particle swarm, grey wolf, or tournament selection techniques during search process. This paper proposes different variants of this approach based on S-shaped and V-shaped transfer functions (TFs) to convert continuous solutions to binaries. These variants are named hybrid tournament grey wolf particle swarm (HTGWPS), followed by S or V letter to indicate the TF type, and followed by the TF’s number. These variants were evaluated using nine high-dimensional datasets. The results revealed that HTGWPS-V1 outperformed other V’s variants, PSO, and GWO on 78% of the datasets based on maximum classification accuracy obtained by a minimal feature subset. Also, HTGWPS-V1 outperformed six well-known-metaheuristics on 67% of the datasets.
Network selection based on chi-square distance and reputation for internet of things
Authors: Radouche Said , Leghris Cherkaoui
Published: October 2022

The internet of things (IoT) has become one of the most important technologies of the 21st century. The IoT environment is composed of heterogeneous IoT communication networks. These technologies are complementary and need to be integrated to meet the requirements of different types of IoT applications that require the mobility of the IoT device under different IoT communication networks. In this paper, the vertical handover decision method is considered to select the appropriate network among different IoT technologies. So, IoT devices, equipped with several radio technologies, can select the most suitable network based on several criteria like quality of service (QoS), cost, power, and security. In this work, a multi-attribute decision-making algorithm (MADM) based on techniques for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) that uses chi-square distance instead of Euclidean distance is proposed. The network reputation is added to reduce the average number of handoffs. The proposed algorithm was implemented to select the best technology depending on the requirements of the different IoT traffic classes. The obtained results showed that our proposition outperforms the traditional MADM algorithms.
Trolls: a novel low-cost controlling system platform for walk-behind tractor
Authors: Crisnapati Padma Nyoman , Maneetham Dechrit , Triandini Evi
Published: October 2022

A novel low-cost controlling system platform for walk-behind hand tractors (Quick G3000 and G1000) was designed and developed to solve the fatigue problem faced by farmers when ploughing the rice field. This platform is dedicated to designing and manufacturing mechanical, electrical, and software components. The tractor was modified and added with an embedded control system that functioned as the slave, while the direction of the tractor movement was controlled remotely by humans through Bluetooth communication with the smartphone application as the master. Several servos and direct currents (DCs) were used as the actuator to move some levers and clutches instead of the tractor to make it remotely controllable. This system has been directly tested in the paddy farming land through two tractors: Quick G3000 and G1000. The testing results showed that this system could be used within more or less six hours; there is a cost-efficiency of 21.74% and 84.62% battery usage efficiency. More efficient mechanics caused this cost efficiency, and the reduction in electronic devices affects battery efficiency. A low-cost platform for controlling walk-behind tractors has been successfully developed; this platform assists farmers in ploughing their fields.
Working with cryptographic key information
Authors: Mukhammadovich Nurullaev Mirkhon , Rakhmatillo Djuraevich Aloev
Published: October 2022

It is important to create a cryptographic system such that the encryption system does not depend on the secret storage of the algorithm that is part of it, but only on the private key that is kept secret. In practice, key management is a separate area of cryptography, which is considered a problematic area. This paper describes the main characteristics of working with cryptographic key information. In that, the formation of keys and working with cryptographic key information are stored on external media. The random-number generator for generating random numbers used for cryptographic key generation is elucidated. To initialize the sensor, a source of external entropy, mechanism “Electronic Roulette” (biological random number), is used. The generated random bits were checked on the basis of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) statistical tests. As a result of the survey, the sequence of random bits was obtained from the tests at a value of P≥0.01. The value of P is between 0 and 1, and the closer the value of P is to 1, the more random the sequence of bits is generated. This means that random bits that are generated based on the proposed algorithm can be used in cryptography to generate crypto-resistant keys.
Proposal of analysis method to reduce back-flashover rate taking account of tower footing resistance
Authors: Warmi Yusreni , Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini , Rajab Abdul , Yuanisa Chitra , Oktrinanda Elyas Rizki , Nur Putra Andi M. , Anthony Zuriman
Published: October 2022

The number of lightning stroke on the tower of the 150 kV Koto Panjang-Payakumbuh transmission line located the rocky area has been observed. The high value of tower footing resistance indicates the occurrence of the back-flashover in the transmission line at intensity of 74%. The back-flashover occurrence is dominantly triggered by the tower footing resistance value. Also, the rate of back-flashover has an effect on the value of the tower footing resistance by considering the number of electrode installations. A design is proposed for the grounding system of the tower footings in order to reduce the rate of back-flashover. The results presenting in numerical simulation indicates that it works properly after adding 4 electrodes. That is to say, installing 4 electrodes in each tower has successfully decreased the tower footing resistance value, back-flashovers rate 80% and 90-95% of present value respectively. The insulator voltage can be reduced to less than half of the present voltages as much as 30-50%. In more detail, in tower 77, the value of the tower footing resistance drops to 2.84 Ω, the flashover rate drops to 0.57/100 km/year and the insulator voltage drops to 0.99 MV when a disturbance occurs.
A hybrid learning scheme towards authenticating hand-geometry using multi-modal features
Authors: Shivabasappa Mahalakshmi Basavaiah , Samudrala Venkatesiah Sheela
Published: October 2022

Usage of hand geometry towards biometric-based authentication mechanism has been commercially practiced since last decade. However, there is a rising security problem being surfaced owing to the fluctuating features of hand-geometry during authentication mechanism. Review of existing research techniques exhibits the usage of singular features of hand-geometric along with sophisticated learning schemes where accuracy is accomplished at the higher cost of computational effort. Hence, the proposed study introduces a simplified analytical method which considers multi-modal features extracted from hand geometry which could further improve upon robust recognition system. For this purpose, the system considers implementing hybrid learning scheme using convolution neural network and Siamese algorithm where the former is used for feature extraction and latter is used for recognition of person on the basis of authenticated hand geometry. The main results show that proposed scheme offers 12.2% of improvement in accuracy compared to existing models exhibiting that with simpler amendment by inclusion of multi-modalities, accuracy can be significantly improve without computational burden.
Developing a trust model using graph and ranking trust of social messaging system
Authors: Heidarzadeh Kalahroudy Mostafa , Fard Kheirollah Rahsepar , Farjami Yaghoob
Published: October 2022

Trust is an important issue in social interactions, especially in using cyberspace services. In this paper, a trust and evaluation model are proposed based on which the government can provide reliable services to users. The model is a distributed and hierarchical model. First, the number 12 trust criteria and the weight of these criteria were extracted using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and analytic network process (ANP) techniques. Second, to obtain the trust in the service examined, for each criterion, a graph of trusted entities is proposed. Then, a weighted graph with the number of trusted entities called trust pathways measure will be obtained. To test the model, the effect of the 12 criteria on three important evaluation factors over seven widely used social services was rated by three experts. The trust of each service was obtained, which was satisfactory as compared to a valid organizational evaluation. Finally, the correlation coefficient of this comparison was 70.37%, indicating that the results from this model were appropriate.
Circular slot antenna for triband application
Authors: Alagarsamy Manjunathan , Mathiyazhagan Vijay , Mani Dinesh Paramathi , Chitrakannu Malarvizhi , Kannan Balaji Vignesh Lappasi , Suriyan Kannadhasan
Published: October 2022

We recommend a circular monopole antenna (CMPA) with a central feed to operate in three bands. The antenna is circular and has an 8cm diameter. The suggested antennas' resonance frequency ranges are 2.43 GHz, 5.24 GHz, and 9.61 GHz. The planned CMPA is made up of two circle-shaped slots cut into the radiating patch. The whole structure is supplied via a microstrip feed line and analysed using CST Studio's electromagnetic simulator, which is based on finite integral technique (FIT). To check the structure, the return loss, radiation pattern, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), and gain are all examined. The structure's ideal dimensions are determined using a parametric study of three factors: feed position, feed breadth, and ground size. The proposed CMPA is capable of operating in several bands and has good matching impedance in all of them.
Alzheimer’s diseases classification using YOLOv2 object detection technique
Authors: Al-jabar Sara Saad Abd , Basheer Nasseer Moyasser , Alsaif Omar Ibrahim
Published: October 2022

Early diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is necessary for the patient safety. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) is a useful tool for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We make two contributions to the solution of this problem in this study. To begin with, we are the first to propose an Alzheimer's disease diagnosis solution based on the MATLAB that does not require any magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pre-processing. Second, we apply recent deep learning object detection architectures like YOLOv2 to the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. A new reference data set containing 300 raw data points for Alzheimer's disease detection/normal control and severe stage (MCI/AD/NC) deep learning is presented. Primary screening cases for each category from the Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative (ADNI) dataset. The T1-weighted Dicom MRI slice in the MP-Rage series in 32-bit DICOM image format and 32-bit PNG are included in this dataset. By using MATLAB’s image label tool, the test data were marked with their appropriate class label and bounding box. It was possible to achieve a detection accuracy of 0.98 for YOLOv2 in this trial without the usage of any MRI preprocessing technology.
Patient and Clinician Perceptions of Precision Cardiology Care: Findings From the HeartCare Study
Authors: Smith Hadley Stevens , Sanchez Clarissa E. , Maag Ronald , Buentello Alexandria , Murdock David R. , Metcalf Ginger A. , Hadley Trevor D. , Riconda Daniel L. , Boerwinkle Eric , Wehrens Xander H.T. , Ballantyne Christie M. , Gibbs Richard A. , McGuire Amy L. , Pereira Stacey
Published: October 2022

Background:

Routine genome-wide screening for cardiovascular disease risk may inform clinical decision-making. However, little is known about whether clinicians and patients would find such testing useful or acceptable within the context of a genomics-enabled learning health system.

Methods:

We conducted surveys with patients and their clinicians who were participating in the HeartCare Study, a precision cardiology care project that returned results from a next-generation sequencing panel of 158 genes associated with cardiovascular disease risk. Six weeks after return of results, we assessed patients’ and clinicians’ perceived utility and disutility of HeartCare, the effect of the test on clinical recommendations, and patients’ attitudes toward integration of research and clinical care.

Results:

Among 666 HeartCare patients with a result returned during the survey study period, 42.0% completed a full or partial survey. Patient-participants who completed a full survey (n=224) generally had positive perceptions of HeartCare independent of whether they received a positive or negative result. Most patient-participants considered genetic testing for cardiovascular disease risk to have more benefit than risk (88.3%) and agreed that it provided information that they wanted to know (81.2%), while most disagreed that the test caused them to feel confused (77.7%) or overwhelmed (78.0%). For 122 of their patients with positive results, clinicians (n=13) reported making changes in clinical care for 66.4% of patients, recommending changes in health behaviors for 36.9% of patients, and recommending to 33.6% of patients that their family members have clinical testing.

Conclusions:

Both patients and clinicians thought the HeartCare panel screen for cardiovascular disease risk provided information that was useful in terms of personal or health benefits to the patient and that informed clinical care without causing patients to be confused or overwhelmed. Further research is needed to assess perceptions of genome-wide screening among the US cardiology clinic population.
Health of the Food Environment Is Associated With Heart Failure Mortality in the United States
Authors: Gondi Keerthi T. , Larson John , Sifuentes Aaron , Alexander Neil B. , Konerman Matthew C. , Thomas Kali S. , Hummel Scott L.
Published: October 2022

Background:

Food environment factors contribute to cardiovascular disease, but their effect on population-level heart failure (HF) mortality is unclear.

Methods:

We utilized the National Vital Statistics System and USDA Food Environment Atlas to collect HF mortality rates (MR) and 2 county food environment indices: (1) food insecurity percentage (FI%) and (2) food environment index (FEI), a scaled index (0–10, 10 best) incorporating FI% and access to healthy food. We used linear regression to estimate the association between food environment and HF MR

Results:

Mean county FI% and FEI were 13% and 7.8 in 2956 included counties. Counties with FI% above the national median had significantly higher HF MR (30.7 versus 26.7 per 100 000;
P
<0.001) compared with FI% below the national median. Counties with HF MR above the national median had higher FI%, lower FEI, lower density of grocery stores, poorer access to stores among older adults, and lower Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program participation rate (
P
<0.001 for all). Lower county FI% (β=−1.3% per 1% decrease) and higher county FEI (β=−3.6% per 1-unit increase in FEI) were significantly associated with lower HF MR after adjustment for county demographic, socioeconomic, and health factors. This association was stronger for HF MR compared with non-HF cardiovascular disease MR and all-cause MR The relationship between food environment and HF MR was stronger in counties with the highest income inequity and poverty rate.

Conclusions:

Healthier food environment is significantly associated with lower HF mortality at the county level. This reinforces the role of food security on cardiovascular outcomes.
Targeted Temperature Management in Postresuscitation Care After Incorporating Results of the TTM2 Trial
Authors: Lüsebrink Enzo , Binzenhöfer Leonhard , Kellnar Antonia , Scherer Clemens , Schier Johannes , Kleeberger Jan , Stocker Thomas J. , Peterss Sven , Hagl Christian , Stark Konstantin , Petzold Tobias , Fichtner Stephanie , Braun Daniel , Kääb Stefan , Brunner Stefan , Theiss Hans , Hausleiter Jörg , Massberg Steffen , Orban Martin
Published: October 2022

Cardiac arrest still accounts for a substantial proportion of cardiovascular related deaths and is associated with a tremendous risk of neurological injury and, among the few survivors, poor quality of life. Critical determinants of survival and long‐term functional status after cardiac arrest are timely initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and use of an external defibrillator for patients with a shockable rhythm. Outcomes are still far from satisfactory, despite ongoing efforts to improve cardiac arrest response systems, as well as elaborate postresuscitation algorithms. Targeted temperature management at the wide range between 32 °C and 36 °C has been one of the main therapeutic strategies to improve neurological outcome in postresuscitation care. This recommendation has been mainly based on 2 small randomized trials that were published 20 years ago. Most recent data derived from the TTM2 (Targeted Hypothermia Versus Targeted Normothermia After Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest) trial, which included 1861 patients, challenge this strategy. It showed no benefit of targeted hypothermia at 33 °C over normothermia at 36 °C to 37.5 °C with fever prevention. Because temperature management at lower temperatures also correlated with an increased risk of side effects without any benefit in the TTM2 trial, a modification of the guidelines with harmonizing temperature management to normothermia might be necessary.
A phylogenetic study of the relationships within Mirinae subfamily (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae) based on specimens from Northern Iran: Insight into analyses of genera complexes
Authors: ZAMANI MOZHGAN , HOSSEINI REZA
Published: October 2022

A phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily Mirinae was conducted based on 89 external and genitalic morphological characters. Forty-six species belonging to 30 genera were coded and phylogenetic analysis reconstructed using un-weighted (EW) and implied weighted (IW) characters in a parsimony analysis. This resulted in the monophyly of eight genera including Stenodema, Polymerus, Orthops, Lygus, Phytocoris, Adelphocoris, Grypocoris and Brachycoleus, the ACM (Adelphocoris, Creontiades, Megacoelum) complex, Closterotomus, Calocoris and Lygus complexes. The phylogenetic relationships and supporting morphological characters are discussed. The taxonomic status of Pseudomegacoelum irbilanum was evaluated. Scanning electron micrographs, drawings of genitalic structures, digital images of the habitus of selected species are presented to illustrate characteristic features. This study is the first attempt to analyze the phylogenetic relationship of plant bugs in Iran.
Stationary and Transient Asymmetric Features in Tropical Cyclone Eye with Wavenumber-1 Instability: Case Study for Typhoon Haishen (2020) with Atmospheric Motion Vectors from 30-Second Imaging
Authors: Horinouchi Takeshi , Tsujino Satoki , Hayashi Masahiro , Shimada Udai , Yanase Wataru , Wada Akiyoshi , Yamada Hiroyuki
Published: October 2022

Dynamics of low-level flows in the eye of Typhoon Haishen (2020) in its late phase of intensification are investigated with a special rapid-scan observation of the Himawari-8 geosynchronous satellite conducted every 30 s. This is accomplished by deriving storm-relative atmospheric motion vectors at an unprecedentedly high spatiotemporal resolution by tracking clouds across five consecutive visible-light reflectivity. The overall low-level circulation center was situated several kilometers away from the storm center defined in terms of the inner edge of the lower part of eyewall clouds. The shift direction is rearward of the storm translation, consistently with a numerical study of the tropical cyclone (TC) boundary layer. Over the analysis period of 10 h, azimuthal-mean tangential wind around this center was increased at each radius within the eye, and the rotational angular velocity was nearly homogenized. The instantaneous low-level circulation center is found to orbit around the overall circulation center at distances around 5 km. Its orbital angular speed was close to the maximum angular speed of azimuthal-mean tangential winds. This rotating transient disturbance is found to transport angular momentum inward, which explains the tangential wind increase and the angular velocity homogenization in the eye. These features are consistent with an algebraically growing wavenumber-1 barotropic instability, whose impact on TC structures has not been explored. This instability enhances wavenumber-1 asymmetry in ring-shaped vorticity, which can be induced by various processes such as translation, environmental shear, and exponential barotropic instability. Therefore, it may appear broadly in TCs to affect wind distribution in their eyes.

Significance Statement

Axially asymmetric transient features in the inner cores of tropical storms have been suggested to profoundly affect the structures and the time evolutions of tropical storms. However, the scarcity of observations has hindered studying such processes observationally. By using a specially conducted high-frequency satellite imaging of Typhoon Haishen (2020), we derived atmospheric motion vectors nearly homogeneously at an unprecedentedly high spatiotemporal resolution. Various kinds of asymmetric motions in low-level flows in the eye were found. Of particular interest is a special type of wavenumber-1 instability whose role has not drawn much attention; the instability was found to provide angular momentum transport consistent with the measured homogenization of the rotation.
Location-Independent Organizations: Designing Collaboration Across Space and Time
Authors: Rhymer Jen
Published: October 2022

Collaboration is critical to organizations and difficult when work is distributed. Prior research has indicated that when individuals are distributed, organizations respond by structuring their work to decrease reciprocal interdependence, reduce the complexity of tasks that individuals perform, or accept moderate inefficiencies. Yet in an increasing number of organizations—location-independent organizations—employees are fully distributed, exist without a physical office, and engage in reciprocally interdependent work. To understand how these distributed organizations collaborate, I undertook an inductive multiple-case study. I identify two patterns of collaboration, an asynchronous orientation and a real-time orientation, and reveal the specific enabling practices for each, with a focus on asynchronous-oriented organizations. This research contributes to the distributed work literature by detailing three novel practices that enable effective collaboration for reciprocally interdependent work without geographic or temporal alignment and to the organizational design literature by identifying distinct approaches to distributed collaboration. This study also engages with the future-of-work conversation by providing empirical grounding that enhances our understanding of the theory, boundary conditions, and nuance of the phenomenon of distributed organizations, specifically location-independent organizations.
Pseudoaneurysm Screening after Pediatric High Grade Solid Organ Injury
Authors: Schellenberg Morgan , Emigh Brent , Nichols Chance , Dilday Joshua , Ugarte Chaiss , Onogawa Atsushi , Shapiro Doug , Im Daniel D. , Inaba Kenji
Published: October 2022

Background

High grade solid organ injuries carry risk of complications, including pseudoaneurysms (PSA). The optimal approach to PSA screening among pediatric patients is unknown and may include delayed Computed Tomography Angiography (dCTA) and/or contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). This study endeavored to define dCTA/CEUS yield in PSA diagnosis after pediatric high grade solid organ injury.

Methods

Patients <18y presenting to our ACS-verified Level 1 trauma center with ≥1 AAST grade ≥3 abdominal solid organ injury (kidney, liver, and spleen) were included (01/2017-10/2021). Transfers in, death <48h, and immediate nephrectomy/splenectomy were exclusions. PSA screening was pursued selectively based on attending discretion. Demographics, clinical/injury data, and outcomes were collected. Primary outcome was performance of dCTA or CEUS.

Results

Forty-two patients satisfied criteria, with median age 12.5y and ISS 22. Liver injuries were most frequent (48%), followed by spleen (33%) and kidney (19%). Initial management strategy was most commonly nonoperative (liver 60%, spleen 64%, kidney 75%). Overall, 26% underwent PSA screening at a median of hospital day 4, with dCTA (21%) or CEUS (5%). CEUS was only used among liver injuries (10%), with no PSA identified. One PSA was diagnosed on dCTA after splenic injury and was managed with observation.

Conclusion

PSA screening occurs infrequently after pediatric high grade solid organ injury, potentially due to concerns about radiation exposure from dCTA which would be mitigated with CEUS. Further delineation of PSA incidence and yield of screening investigations are needed to avoid missing this important diagnosis and to determine the diagnostic accuracy of dCTA and CEUS.
Theology and spirituality: notes on the mystical christology of John Donne
Authors: Mclntosh Mark A.
Published: October 2022

This article, by the late theologian Mark McIntosh, first appeared in ﻿the summer 1995 (volume 77, #3) issue of Anglican Theological Review.
Synthesis and Characterization of Dye-Doped Au@SiO2 Core-Shell Nanoparticles for Super-Resolution Fluorescence Microscopy
Authors: Thompson Shelby , Jorns Mychele , Pappas Dimitri
Published: October 2022

Dye-doped nanoparticles have been investigated as bright, fluorescent probes for localization-based super-resolution microscopy. Nanoparticle size is important in super-resolution microscopy to get an accurate size of the object of interest from image analysis. Due to their self-blinking behavior and metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF), Ag@SiO2 and Au@Ag@SiO2 nanoparticles have shown promise as probes for localization-based super-resolution microscopy. Here, several noble metal-based dye-doped core-shell nanoparticles have been investigated as self-blinking nanomaterial probes. It was observed that both the gold- and silver-plated nanoparticle cores exhibit weak luminescence under certain conditions due to the surface plasmon resonance bands produced by each metal, and the gold cores exhibit blinking behavior which enhances the blinking and fluorescence of the dye-doped nanoparticle. However, the silver-plated nanoparticle cores, while weakly luminescent, did not exhibit any blinking; the dye-doped nanoparticle exhibited the same behavior as the core fluorescent, but did not blink. Because of the blinking behavior, stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) super-resolution analysis was able to be performed with performed on the gold core nanoparticles. A preliminary study on the use of these nanoparticles for localization-based super-resolution showed that these nanoparticles are suitable for use in STORM super resolution. Resolution enhancement was two times better than the diffraction limited images, with core sizes reduced to 15 nm using the hybrid Au–Ag cores.
Understanding the BRICS framing of climate change: The role of collective identity formation
Authors: Kıprızlı Göktuğ , Köstem Seçkin
Published: October 2022

This article explores how the BRICS states (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) frame the issue of climate change. Based on constructivist insights, the article argues that the formation of collective identity has fundamentally shaped the BRICS framing of climate change. On the one hand, BRICS′ connections to the developing world explain why BRICS has given voice to the arguments of developing countries with respect to climate change. On the other hand, BRICS′ policy concepts, ideas, and discourse reflect the attributes associated with the identity of emerging powers. This article argues that emerging power status encourages the BRICS states to portray themselves as responsible actors on the global scale and conceptualize a climate-sensitive economic development model in contrast to the Western production paradigm that is regarded as unsympathetic towards the needs of developing nations. In this process, the perception of the developed world as the relational other supports the sense of we-ness among the BRICS states, thereby shaping their policy formulations with respect to climate change.
Economic Burden of Diabetes and Hypertension: A Study of Direct and Indirect Cost of Treatment in Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Okafor Chinyere N. , Obikeze Eric , Young Ekenechukwu , Onwujekwe Obinna
Published: October 2022

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension is increasing yearly in many low- and middle-income countries such as Nigeria. The increasing burden of these noncommunicable diseases has led to an increase in the overall cost of health care. This study aimed at determining the direct and indirect health care costs of diabetes mellitus and hypertension occurring both singly and in co-morbidity. The study was undertaken in the Enugu State University Teaching Hospital (a tertiary hospital) in Enugu State, Southeast Nigeria. Data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire. Out of 817 patients interviewed, 37% had only diabetes mellitus, 35% had hypertension, and 28% had both diabetes mellitus and hypertension in co-morbidity. Direct costs of treating diabetes mellitus and hypertension in the month before the survey were $28.40 and $19.35, respectively, while the indirect costs of treatment in the month before the study were $7.36 and $5.51, respectively. Direct and indirect costs for diabetes mellitus and hypertension in co-morbidity were $37.00 and $4.62, respectively. A concentration index showed that diabetes mellitus and hypertension were more evident among the poor than the rich. The economic cost when compared with patients’ income revealed that >25% of their income is spent monthly on health care.
Anticeramide Improves Sjögren’s Syndrome by Blocking BMP6-Induced Th1
Authors: Li J. , Wu L. , Chen Y. , Yan Z. , Fu J. , Luo Z. , Du J. , Guo L. , Xu J. , Liu Y.
Published: October 2022

T-cell dysfunction has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of Sjögren’s syndrome (SS). In recent studies, the increased expression of BMP6 has been reported to be related to SS. However, the roles that BMP6 plays in immune homeostasis in the development of SS as well as the downstream signals activated by BMP6 remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects and molecular mechanisms of BMP6 on naive CD4+ T cells, showing that BMP6 could upregulate interferon (IFN)–γ secretion from CD4+ T cells through a ceramide/nuclear factor–κB pathway, with no effect on T-cell activation or proliferation. Moreover, an in vivo study showed that anticeramide treatment (myriocin) for an SS animal model (NOD/LtJ mice) could significantly decrease the IFN-γ expression and Th1 frequency in the salivary glands and suppress the inflammation infiltration in salivary glands and maintain the salivary flow rates, both of which reflect SS-like symptoms. This study identifies a promising target that could effectively attenuate the abnormal state of CD4+ T cells and reverse the progression of SS.
Beyond the pandemic accountability freeze: A conversation with Anne Hyslop
Authors: Vail Kathleen
Published: October 2022

Anne Hyslop, the director of policy development at All4Ed, talks about the differences between ESSA and the previous federal education law, NCLB. Hyslop, who worked on regulations and guidance of ESSA implementation at the U.S. Department of Education, also discusses the implications of the recent NAEP scores and what may happen to ESSA accountability and school improvement plans in the post-pandemic world.
On Leadership: The architecture of equity
Authors: Starr Joshua P.
Published: October 2022

The work of a school leader can be compared to that of an architect, who must bring a team together to create something original on a solid foundation. Aaron Spence, superintendent of Virginia Beach City Public Schools, came to the district nine years ago, ready to serve the district where he’d grown up. His previous experiences in school leadership had given him a vision for equity-based transformation, but the district had a more immediate need — getting all schools accredited. Joshua P. Starr explains how focusing on this urgent need enabled him to build relationships that helped him when it was time to turn to more transformative goals. This initial work proved to be the foundation on which the new work could rest.
Afterword: war:time
Authors: Silvestri Lisa Ellen
Published: October 2022

How should we think about war today? This afterword assesses the impact of using a temporal lens to understand contemporary conflict. Reflecting upon my own work on media and war alongside wider societal relationships to violence, I consider the ways in which new technologies and styles of warfighting change both our view of time and our understanding of war itself. In particular, I show how a shift from space to time helps focus attention on the personal and lived experience of US war, on the importance of routines both in constituting and obscuring wartime, on how many issues of contemporary war have become a matter of digitized perspective, and finally how emergent technologies have unsettled familiar temporal patterns of conflict. War today is media-drenched but struggles to occupy our attention over sustained periods. It remains an epochal political force that we tend to approach through deeply individualized, microcosmic stories. It proceeds at breakneck pace but rarely gets anywhere. These questions and tensions underline the importance of focusing not only on the resolutely temporal aspects of wartime, but also on the way in which shifts in time are changing the very nature and politics of war in the 21st century.
‘We watched his whole life unfold. . .Then you watch the death’: drone tactics, operator trauma, and hidden human costs of contemporary wartime
Authors: Johnston Huntington Terilyn , Eckert Amy E
Published: October 2022

Scholars of war and combat posit that soldiers are more willing to execute strikes on adversaries when they perceive lower risk to themselves or less connection with their targets. Accordingly, technologies like the drone, which drastically expands the distance between adversaries, should make it easier to strike decisively and without remorse. The empirical record tells a different story. Despite operating very far away from the battle theater, drone operators suffer PTSD at the same rate as pilots of manned aircraft. We argue that this unanticipated consequence of drone warfare stems from the unique way in which drone tactics marry spatial distance and temporal duration. Drone operators surveil their targets via detailed video footage for extended periods of time, both before and after firing, in order to identify or locate potential targets, to measure collateral risks, and afterward to assess a strike’s effectiveness. We argue that the clarity and duration of this surveillance tempers any advantage derived from ‘distance’. Spatial distance protects drone operators from enemy fire but temporal proximity exposes them to greater emotional costs of killing than previously thought. Indeed, prolonged observation temporally extends ‘contact’ and mitigates the dehumanizing effects imputed to distance. This unexpected effect highlights a shifting ethical dilemma. In the formulation of the ‘naked soldier’, combatants in a just war deserve respect due to shared vulnerability. Yet while spatial distance physically protects the drone operator, it also requires that they identify vulnerable and legitimate targets through contemporary timing practices that establish intimate knowledge of that target and may thus denude and even heighten the operator’s emotional vulnerability. While others have argued that contemporary wartime features technologies and tactics that undercut conventions about legitimate combat, we uncover an emerging ethical problem in moral and psychological harms associated with the way that drone warfare trades space for time.
Extending the Conceptualization of Destination Brand Experiences
Authors: Ngwira Cecilia , Tung Vincent Wing Sun , Tse Serene Wai Tsz
Published: October 2022

Tourism research has flourished over the last decade, providing novel insights and deepening the literature on destination branding and tourism experiences. Consequently, the initial conceptualization of destination brand experience (DBE) as a four-dimension concept may not fully capture the field’s expanded knowledge-base. The present study seeks to extend the conceptualization of DBE into six main dimensions (i.e., relational; spiritual, sensory, cognitive, affective, and behavioral) and provide empirical support for this extended conceptualization from a sample of tourists at Lake Malawi in Africa. The study contributes by providing support to the relevance of “relational” and “spiritual” dimensions as additional components of DBE. It offers insights to destination marketing organizations toward facilitating relational and spiritual dimensions that may be particularly relevant when tourists seek recovery and social experiences as travel and tourism re-emerges from the pandemic.
Relative Toxicity of Pyrolysis Products from Upholstery Fabrics with and without Backcoating
Authors: Hilado Carlos J. , Cumming Heather J.
Published: October 2022

Relative toxicity data on over one hundred samples of upholstery fabrics are presented. The effects of fabric type, fabric weight, backcoating weight, and other factors are discussed. The relative toxicity ranking, in order of decreasing toxicity based on time to death, was wool, silk, polyester, leather, cotton, rayon, nylon, and polyolefin. Among the wool fabrics, toxicity seemed to decrease with decreasing wool content. There appeared to be no significant effect of fabric weight, fabric weave, or backcoating.