bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Por uma miltância sindical afirmativa, antirracista e decolonial
Authors: De Souza Josiane Nazaré Peçanha , Peçanha Eliane Souza
Published: July 2019

O presente artigo discorrerá sobre o processo de consolidação de uma militância sindical antirracista, decolonial, interseccional, dentro de um sindicato dos profissionais da Educação Pública. Apresentaremos a construção de uma militância sindical cada vez mais atuante, em relação à luta pela implementação das ações afirmativas e na discussão interseccional, junto às redes públicas de nossa cidade, estadual e municipal, através da articulação do Coletivo de Combate às Opressões. O processo de consolidação da discussão e materialização da luta antirracista, decolonial foi potencializador para a construção de práxis insurgentes, dando visibilidade a outras epistemologias, articulando as ações afirmativas: as leis 10.639/03 e 11.645/08, que obrigam o ensino da história e cultura afrobrasileira, africana e indígena.Abstract: This article will present the process of consolidating an anti-racist, decolonial, intersectional union militancy within a union of public education professionals. We will present the construction of an increasingly active union militancy, in relation to the struggle for the implementation of affirmative actions and in intersectional discussion, together with the public networks of our city, state and municipal, through the articulation of the Collective to Combat Against Oppressions. The process of consolidating the discussion and materialization of an anti-racist and decolonial struggle that potentializes the construction of an insurgent praxis, giving visibility to other epistemologies, articulating affirmative actions: the laws 10.639/03 and 11.645/08, which obligate the teaching of Afro-Brazilian, African and indigenous history and culture.
Reflexões sobre experiências de racismo institucional e ambiental de comunidades remanescentes de quilombos do Recôncavo da Bahia.
Authors: De Carvalho Ana Paula Comin
Published: July 2019

O artigo procura fazer algumas considerações sobre as experiências de racismo institucional e ambiental vivenciadas pelas comunidades remanescentes de quilombo do Recôncavo da Bahia e seus reflexos sobre o acesso desses grupos a bens, serviços sociais e a assunção da cidadania plena. Para tal, realizamos uma etnografia sobre os conflitos vivenciados nos processos de regularização territorial dessas coletividades tendo por base nossa experiência de pesquisa na região, dados oficiais, investigações acadêmicas, notícias de jornais, dentre outras fontes. A análise de casos exemplares revela que apesar da existência de leis e políticas afirmativas voltadas para a questão, prevalecem os interesses de grandes proprietários de terras e empreendimentos privados de interesse estatal configurando um ciclo cumulativo de danos e prejuízos a esses grupos.    Abstract: The article tries to make some considerations about the experiences of institutional and environmental racism experienced by the quilombo remnant communities of the Recôncavo of Bahia and its reflections on the access of these groups to goods, social services and the assumption of full citizenship. To this end, we conducted an ethnography on the conflicts experienced in the processes of territorial regularization of these collectivities, based on our experience of research in the region, official data, academic investigations, news from newspapers, among other sources. The analysis of exemplary cases reveals that despite the existence of affirmative laws and policies focused on the issue, the interests of large landowners and private enterprises of state interest prevail, setting a cumulative cycle of damages and losses to these groups.
Memórias da (des)territorialização indígena: A colonização como centro irradiador das vilas
Authors: Pereira Túlio Henrique , Souza Ramon Queiroz
Published: July 2019

Ao tomarmos como objetos de análise a pintura A primeira missa no Brasil, de Victor Meirelles, e a planta da Vila de Abrantes, produzida pelo capitão Domingos Alves Branco Muniz Barreto, sobre o território indígena do sertão baiano, objetivamos compreender algumas das memórias da desterritorialização das terras indígenas e as transformações do espaço natural do território brasileiro a partir do contato estabelecido entre portugueses e indígenas no período colonial. Na análise, refletimos sobre como a apropriação do espaço, antes pertencente aos indígenas, se deu acompanhada de símbolos do poder. Neste artigo, pensamos na transformação do espaço natural convertido em símbolo do poder europeu, evidenciando conflitos e reestruturações de significados do território do sertão baiano a partir do século XV. Abstract:  By taking as subject of analysis the painting A primeira missa no Brasil (The first mass in Brazil) by Victor Meirelles and the plans of Vila de Abrantes (Abrantes Villa) designed by Captain Domingos Alves Branco Muniz Barreto, regarding the indigenous territory of the Bahian’s backland, we aim in this work to understand some of the memories of the deterritorialization of indigenous lands and the transformations of the Brazilian territory natural space since the contact established between Portuguese people and indigenous people in the Colonial Period. In the analysis, we reflect on how the appropriation of the territory happened alongside the use of symbols of power. In this paper, we think about the transformation of the natural space converted in a European symbol of power, revealing conflicts and meaning restructure of the Bahian backland territory from the XV century on.
Cartografia subjetiva em território feminino kilombola: em busca da utopia do bem viver
Authors: Labrea Valéria Viana , Kiekow Pedro Eduardo , Dornelles Denise Freitas
Published: July 2019

Este artigo traz resultados iniciais do projeto de pesquisa e extensão universitária Pedagogia do Encantamento e Ekonomia do Afeto: Cartografia Subjetiva em Território Feminino Kilombola. Apresentaremos especificamente um primeiro nível deste mapa, uma parte da história da Comunidade e seus moradores, organizada a partir das narrativas dos pesquisadores e pesquisadoras e dos outros moradores do kilombo. Abstract: This article bring initial results of reserch and extension projetc of university Pedagogy of Enchantment and Ekonomics of Affection: Subjective Cartography in Female Territory Kilombola. We will present specifically a first level of this map, a part of the history of the Community and its inhabitants, organized from the narratives of the researchers and the other inhabitants of the kilombo.
RESUMOS DO III ENCONTRO GAÚCHO DE MICOLOGIA
Authors: Rodrigues Paulo Ricardo Centeno
Published: July 2019

Resumos do III Encontro Gaúcho de Micologia, realizado em Pelotas, RS, em 18 e 19 de novembro de 2016.
TNF-α Differentially Regulates Cell Cycle Genes in Promyelocytic and Granulocytic HL-60/S4 Cells
Authors: Jacobson Elsie C , Jain Lekha , Vickers Mark H , Olins Ada L , Olins Donald E , Perry Jo K , O’Sullivan Justin M
Published: July 2019

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a potent cytokine involved in systemic inflammation and immune modulation. Signaling responses that involve TNF-α are context dependent and capable of stimulating pathways promoting both cell death and survival. TNF-α treatment has been investigated as part of a combined therapy for acute myeloid leukemia due to its modifying effects on all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) mediated differentiation into granulocytes. To investigate the interaction between cellular differentiation and TNF-α, we performed RNA-sequencing on two forms of the human HL-60/S4 promyelocytic leukemia cell line treated with TNF-α. The ATRA-differentiated granulocytic form of HL-60/S4 cells had an enhanced transcriptional response to TNF-α treatment compared to the undifferentiated promyelocytes. The observed TNF-α responses included differential expression of cell cycle gene sets, which were generally upregulated in TNF-α treated promyelocytes, and downregulated in TNF-α treated granulocytes. This is consistent with TNF-α induced cell cycle repression in granulocytes and cell cycle progression in promyelocytes. Moreover, we found evidence that TNF-α treatment of granulocytes shifts the transcriptome toward that of a macrophage. We conclude that TNF-α treatment promotes a divergent transcriptional program in promyelocytes and granulocytes. TNF-α promotes cell cycle associated gene expression in promyelocytes. In contrast, TNF-α stimulated granulocytes have reduced cell cycle gene expression, and a macrophage-like transcriptional program.
Propuesta metodológica para la formación de guías naturalistas locales
Authors: González Ángela
Published: July 2019

Se da cuenta de un trabajo de campo de un año y ocho meses (2003-2004) realizado en la comunidad Siberia (sur de San José, Costa Rica) consistente en preparar e impartir un curso para formar 23 miembros  de  la  comunidad  como  guías  naturalistas  locales.  La experiencia sirvió de base para realizar una propuesta metodológica con  el  fin  de  formar  guías  locales  en  contextos  similares.  Los resultados, que aquí se explicitan, se enfocaron a responder a las preguntas:  ¿dónde  enseñar?,  ¿a  quién  enseñar?,  ¿qué  enseñar?, ¿cómo enseñar? y ¿cómo evaluar el aprendizaje? La metodología empleada permitió que los participantes adquirieran conocimientos y   habilidades   para   desempeñarse   adecuadamente   como   guías naturalistas locales y generó en ellos cambios sobre la visión y el modo de relacionarse con la naturaleza.
La Escuela Inglesa, Historia y Teoría
Authors: SUGANAMI Hidemi
Published: July 2019

El propósito de este artículo es triple: dar cuenta de los orígenes y desarrollo de la Escuela Inglesa como una entidad constituida históricamente; sintetizar desde los escritos de algunos de sus primeros representantes las visiones de la Escuela Inglesa acerca de cómo el conocimiento histórico se relaciona con la teoría y la práctica de las Relaciones Internacionales; y estudiar los tres principales trabajos históricos de la Escuela Inglesa, examinando cómo sus contribuciones se relacionan con las teorías de Relaciones Internacionales. En la breve discusión final, se sugiere qué podría introducirse en la agenda de investigación de la Escuela Inglesa sobre el tema de “historia y teoría”.
Comparison of the efficacy of two types of hemodialysis catheters: the VectorFlow vs. Palindrome catheters
Authors: Ali Veisi , MohammadReza Sobhiyeh
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Permanent vascular access via catheters is a critical factor for patients who need long-term hemodialysis. Differences in the design and mechanical factors can affect efficacy and survival of the permanent catheters. Modifications in the designs of the catheters can decrease the likelihood of damaging blood vessels as well as thrombosis formation and malfunction of the catheters.

Objective: To compare survival of VectorFlow, complete symmetry of distal tip and offsetting of its side holes, with those of Palindrome, a complete symmetrical catheter.

Methods: In this study, 146 CKD (chronic kidney disease) patients who required chronic hemodialysis were divided into VectrFlow (76 subjects) and Palindrome (70 subjects) catheter groups. The patients were followed for six months and the survival rate in each group was determined.

Results: Mean (+/-SD) survival time in the VectorFlow catheter group (6.55+/-3.88 months, 2 to 24 months) was longer than in the Palindrome catheter group (5.22+/-2.88 months, one to 13 months). After six months, the VectorFlow catheter group (40 cases, 54.8%) had a higher number of patients, having a functioning catheter in place than the Palindrome group (26 cases, 382%); P= 0.04.

Conclusion: The VectorFlow hemodialysis catheter had a better survival rate after 6 months when compared to the Palindrome catheter. We recommend using this catheter in CKD patients, who require a long-term permanent catheter.
AUDIOVISUAL MEANS IN THE PROCESS OF TEACHING RUSSIAN LANGUAGE AS FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Authors: Zaiets Anna Viktorovna
Published: July 2019

The purpose of the research is elucidation of audiovisual media in the process of teaching Russian language as a foreign language. The task of the work is to study the existing types of audiovisual means of training; analysis of the possibilities of using audiovisual means as a modern type of training. The object of the research is audiovisual media, through which while learning of the Russian language as a foreign language appropriate mastering of the material is carried out. Descriptive method and method of analysis of intelligence information are used. As a result of the research, the main methodological aspects of work with audiovisual means of education on Russian as foreign language lessons were highlighted. Conclusions: 1. The key stages of the work are chosen according to the scheme «task – viewing a film – task». 2. The task before watching a movie involves analyzing information about the movie. 3. The tasks after watching a movie include exercises on understanding of the content, as well as the consolidation and introduction of the new vocabulary in the broadcast. 4. The broadcast of feature films has both an emotional effect, and serves as an impetus for activating an additional stimulus in the next educational, practical, and creative activity. The analysis made it possible for us to determine that the film's review must include the appropriate purpose, everyday situations, clear dialogues, in which repetitive words and phrases that occur on the film repeatedly help to better remember the new vocabulary and as a result – the development of speech activity students The ability to compare read and seen causes excessive interest of students and activates them into cognitive activity. The feature film is not a universal admission, but it has certain prerogatives: it provides work of educational value, which helps in the process of intensive language proficiency; suppresses the psychological potential of the student (development of attention, memory, thinking); promotes the interconnection of various types of speech activity; takes into account peculiarities of language usage in various stylistic aspects, etc.
CATEGORY OF FUTURALITY WITHIN THE SYSTEM OF MODUS CATEGORIES
Authors: Kirkovs’ka Inga
Published: July 2019

The aim of the investigation under consideration is to study the nature of the category of futurality within the system of modus categories in the French language. The object of the work is the category of futurality in contemporary French, the subject is the study of the category of futurality in contemporary French within the system of modus categories of evidentiality, modality and persuasiveness. In the course of the study, the distinctions between modality and modus have been outlined, the place of the category of futurality within the modus categories has been identified, the peculiarity of the category of futurality as a modus category has been analysed. Conclusions: the peculiarity of futurality as a modus category is that it belongs to the modus categories denoting action/event, real in the future “in the speaker’s view”. In this sense the category of futurality is closer to the categories of modality (real information stated by the speaker) and predicativity (confidence in the information stated by the speaker) in meaning, whereas differing from them by the semantics of the stated temporality denoting the relation of consequence in reference to the moment of speaking. The category of futurality is connected with other modus categories: category of assertion with semantics of neutral prospection, category of persuasiveness with the seme of assurance in reference to the future and category of modality with the seme of reality in reference to the future. The major types of modal meanings forming the modus category of futurality are: 1) speaker’s estimation of the subject matter of the utterance from the perspective of reality/irreality in the future; 2) estimation of the environment of the utterance from the perspective of probability/necessity/desirability in the future; 3) speaker’s estimation of the level of assurance (persuasiveness) of the subject matter of the utterance from the perspective of the future; 4) communicative function of the utterance defined by the purpose of the speaker from the perspective of the future (wish, intention, preference); 5) confirmation/negation of objective relations between objects, phenomena, events of the future.
HIERARCHY OF COMMUNICATIVE UNITS IN RUSSIAN-LANGUAGE TEXTS
Authors: Menshikov Igor
Published: July 2019

Objective of the study is to identify the hierarchical relations between communicative units that fill the Russian-language text. The object of study is the hierarchy as the sequential inclusion of some syntactic units into the other, more complex ones, the subject is Russian-language texts with syntactic constructions of various rank of hierarchies. The material of the study is twenty Russian-language texts containing communicative units which are built according to different models. Methods – descriptive, structural and quantitative methods were used. Findings:  the sequence of occurrence in the text of predicative formations of varying complexity was revealed. Practical value – is possible in studies of the organization of the text as a syntactic unit. The realities of the language, as is well known, far from always can correspond to canonized judgments, interpretations and formulations, including those stated in official scientific, educational and reference editions. In a super-phrasal unity, there may not be complex sentences, and not only a super-phrasal unity or a complex sentence can function as a text as a syntactic unit, but a sentence can be simple and even a separate word, which can also be a communicative unit under certain conditions. Results: 1) the components of the text are predicative communicative units; 2) the formally expected vector of the hierarchy of communicative units should presumably have the following form: a simple sentence – a complex sentence – a superphrase unity – a text; 3) communicative units of the subsequent hierarchical rank due to their anti-transitivity are not always built directly from the units of the previous and preceding rank; 4) the order of location of the communicative units of different hierarchical levels, that fill the text is not strictly regulated and can be almost spontaneous, with multiple duplication of the same models.
LEXICAL AND GRAMMATICAL FEATURES OF FINAL ETIQUETTE FORMULAS IN RUSSIAN LETTERS OF THE XVIII CENTURY
Authors: Podoprigora Anastasija
Published: July 2019

The purpose of the study is to define the lexical and grammatical features of the final etiquette formulas in Russian letters of the 18th century, to describe the functional and semantic types of formulas, to characterize their syntactic structure. The object of study is letters addressed to different persons by the outstanding Russian commander A. V. Suvorov and Princess E. R. Dashkova. The research material is 120 enclosed etiquette formulas extracted from letters with a continuous sampling method. The descriptive method of research has been used in the article. Practical application is possible in the process of teaching the stylistics of the Russian language. Conclusions: The final etiquette formulas are an important structural element of the ending of a letter, usually preceding the signature of the addressee. We have identified the following functional-semantic types of final etiquette formulas in Russian letters of the 18th century: 1) formulas of forgiveness; 2) formulas of wishes (wishes of physical and mental health, God's help and blessing); 3) parakinesthetic final etiquette formulas (verbal transmission of a gesture or an action); 4) honorific final etiquette formulas (direct or indirect indication by the addressor the addressee's positive qualities). The basis of the construction of the final etiquette formulas often lies in one or another speech cliche, however these cliches are spread by dependent syntactic components, as a result of which the final etiquette formulas in the letters under study are diverse in their syntactic structure. The perspective of the present study is in the research of the dynamics of the final etiquette formulas of writing in the epistolary of the 18th – 20th centuries, as well as in a more detailed explanation of the pragmatics and functioning of the etiquette formulas depending on the nature of the communicative situation.
On the quantization of charged black holes with allowance for the cosmological constant
Authors: Holovko M. G. , Gladush V. D.
Published: July 2019

The paper considers a spherically symmetric configuration of the gravitational and electromagnetic fields with allowance to the cosmological constant, and its quantization. After dimensional reduction, the original action is transformed to new variables in the R- and T-regions. The exclusion of the non-dynamic degree of freedom from the obtained action leads to an action for the geodesic in the configuration space, which proves to be conformally flat. We use the Gitman–Tyutin formalism for the obtained dynamical system, which Lagrange function is degenerate. After performing a suitable canonical transformation, the constraints found from the Lagrange function are reduced to the canonical form. Herewith the physical part of the Hamilton function vanishes. To construct quantum theory, we introduce additional physical quantities – charge and mass functions. Since Hamilton operator equals zero, it leads to the fact that the desired wave function of the system obeys only the eigenvalue equations for the mass and charge operators. The solution of these equations leads to continuous charge and mass spectra.
Relaxation processes in completely ionized plasma in generalized Lorentz model
Authors: Sokolovsky S. A. , Sokolovsky A. I. , Kravchuk I. S. , Grinishin O. A.
Published: July 2019

On the basis of the Landau kinetic equation a generalized Lorentz model is proposed, which contrary to the standard model, considers ion system as an equilibrium one. For electron system kinetic equation of the Fokker-Planck type is obtained. In the Bogolyubov method of the reduced description, which is based on his idea of the functional hypothesis, basic equations for electron hydrodynamics construction with account for temperature and macroscopic velocity relaxation processes (kinetic modes of the system) is elaborated. The obtained equations are analyzed near the end of the relaxation processes when the theory has an additional small parameter. The main in small gradients approximation is studied in details, it corresponds to the description of relaxation processes in a spatially uniform case. The obtained equations are approximately solved by the method of truncated expansion in the Sonine polynomials. The velocity and temperature relaxation coefficients are discussed in one- and two-polynomial approximation. As a result the relaxation coefficients are calculated in one-polynomial approximation.
Phase and structural transformations in copper and its alloys under the electrolytic discharge
Authors: Fedorenkova L. I.
Published: July 2019

Copper and its alloy were treated in an electrolytic plasma formed in the boron-containing electrolyte under the action of discharge in order to obtain a diffusion coating with enhanced hardening characteristics and the structural changes in the surface layer of the metal that occur in this case were studied. As a result of processing in electrolytic plasma, characterized by high heating and cooling rates, a diffusion layer was formed on the surface of copper and an alloy based on it (brass). The layer contains nanosized inclusions of copper borides, ternary compounds Cu-B-H, Cu-B-O concentrated mainly along grain and phase boundaries and providing hardening of the metal surface. The action of the discharge provides structural and phase transformations in the metal, the deformation of the grains - elongation in the direction of the driving force (electric transfer) at a depth of 100 μm and the creation of metastable states in the surface layers.  Moving vacancies and compressing atoms in the direction of the force create conditions for the rapid movement of boron atoms. With increase in current density and time of treating, the size of nanostructures decreases. Their size is of the order of 6-16 nm. Obtaining wear-resistant coatings on copper and its alloys, which include phases containing copper and boron, increases the strength characteristics of copper and its alloys by 1.5-2 times.
The peculiarities of formation and thermodynamic functions of τ-phase
Authors: Filonenko N. Yu. , Galdina O. M.
Published: July 2019

It is shown that for alloys with boron content of 0.1–6.5% (wt.) and carbon content of 0.3–4.0% (wt.) without pretreatment no formation of cubic boron carbide takes place under crystallization. The cubic boron carbide can be obtained by pre-annealing at a temperature of 1173 K for an hour and further heating to a temperature of 30 K above the liquidus and cooling of alloys with boron content of 2.5–4.0% (wt.) and carbon content of 0.8–3.0% (wt.). Formation of crystals of cubic boron carbide is possible as a constituent of multiphase inclusions for alloys with boron content of 0.1–0.3% (wt.) and carbon content up to 0.4–0.5% (wt). It should be noted that for alloys with boron content of 4.2–6.0% (wt.) and  carbon content of more than 3.0% (wt.) the pretreatment does not result in formation of cubic boron carbide. The increase in boron content in the alloy to 0.3–0.5% (wt.) and carbon content to 0.5–0.7% (wt.) leads to formation of the eutectic α-Fe+Fe23(CB)6, which is arranged on the boundaries of pearlite grains. The thermodynamic functions of Fe23(CB)6 cubic boron carbide are derived for the first time using the Hillert and Staffonsson model and accounting for the first degree approximation of high-temperature expansion of the thermodynamic potential for binary alloys. We obtain temperature dependences of such thermodynamic functions for Fе23(CB)6 phase as Gibbs energy, entropy, enthalpy and heat  capacity CP , as well as calculate their values at the formation temperature of the phase. The approach used in this paper enables to give the most complete from the thermodynamic point of view description of cubic boron carbide formed from a liquid.
Conductivity of lithium heptagermanate glasses and single crystals doped with 3d- ions
Authors: Koptiev M. M. , Trubitsyn M. P. , Volnianskii M. D. , Nesterov О. O.
Published: July 2019

Lithium heptagermanate Li2Ge7O15 glasses doped with Cr and Mn were prepared by the melt quenching. Electrical conductivity σ of pure and doped glasses was measured in AC field (f=1 kHz) within the temperature range 300-700 K. It is shown that both impurities increase conductivity of the glasses. The influence of Cr doping is very subtle whereas the maximal effect is observed for the Li2Ge7O15:Mn glass. The obtained data are compared with the results of measuring σ in Li2Ge7O15:Cr, Mn single crystals. It is noted that doping affects σ of the glasses and single crystals in different ways. In particular, the conductivity of the single crystals can be controlled by doping in a wide range: introducing Cr impuritystrongly increases σ and vice versa doping with Mn sufficiently decreases σ value. Doping effect is interpreted on the basis of the previous EPR data giving information on the location of Cr and Mn centers in the Li2Ge7O15 structure. Cr ions substitute for Ge ions and are fixed within oxygen octahedra. On the other hand, Mn ions are located within the cavities formed by Ge‒O structural framework and are assumed to be mobile enough to contribute to charge transfer.
Investigation of the photoluminescence spectra of rare-earth elements in pores of an opal matrix
Authors: Ohiienko O. V. , Posmashnyi S. V. , Shvetz T. V.
Published: July 2019

The main idea of this paper is researching the light emission of Eu3+ and Dy3+ in an opal matrix. The opal synthesis was carried out using Stöber method. The size of globules calculated from the transmission spectrum of prepared samples is equal to 231 nm. The samples were infiltrated with rare-earth element oxides in concentrated solution of nitric HNO3 and perchloric HCl acids in the ratio 3:1. Next, the samples were heated to 100°C to reduce the relative content of water. The spectra of photoluminescence in the range 420-640 nm were excited by a semiconductor laser with λ=405 nm at the radiation registration along the direction of growth [111]. In the spectrum of the sample infiltrated by europium, there are distinctive europium lines at 580, 593 and 618 nm, which correspond to the typical transitions of this rare-earth element, such as 5D0→7F0, 5D0→7F1 and 5D0→7F2. Distinctive spectral lines of dysprosium luminescence are at wavelengths of 480 and 572 nm. The maxima of these wavelengths correspond to the typical lines of luminescence of trivalent dysprosium – specifically, transitions 4D9/2→6H13/2 and 4D9/2→6H11/2. The influence of photonic crystalline effects on the  photoluminescence spectra of the obtained samples is studied.
Electrical characteristics of two-layer structure varistor ceramics–PPTC nanocomposite
Authors: Ivanchenko A. V. , Tonkoshkur A. S.
Published: July 2019

Electrical characteristics of experimental two-layer structure based on layers of varistor ceramics and polymer nanocomposite with carbon filler being in thermal contact are studied. A layer of such polymer nanocomposite is used in PPTC fuses of the PolySwitch technology. The dependences of the output voltage on the varistor layer, current and temperature on the input voltage applied to the entire structure are analyzed. It is shown that with an increase in the input voltage, the output voltage reaches a certain value and does not change after that. It is concluded that the two-layer structure of varistor ceramics–PPTC nanocomposite type can be used as a limiter of constant electrical voltage and for protection of electrical circuits from long-term alternating electrical overvoltages.
An integral equation technique for the analysis of phased array antenna with matching step discontinuities
Authors: Gnatyuk M. A. , Morozov V. M.
Published: July 2019

Applying the integral equation method of overlapping partial domains and the Schwartz alternating method to solving an electromagnetic wave diffraction problem is considered in this paper. The infinite rectangular waveguide phased array antenna scanning in H plane which waveguides have step matching discontinuities is represented. The whole field definition domain is sliced into three overlapping partial domains. The system of integral representations for unknown Ey components of the electrical field vector in each domain is set up using Greenʼs functions. Unknown functions in each domain are presented as orthogonal eigenfunction series. Using Galerkinʼs procedure, the system of integral  representations is reduced to the system of linear equations for unknown expansion coefficients. For Schwartz method the system of integral representation is solved using iterative methods. The dependences of the reflection coefficient magnitude and phase on the value of scan angle are obtained. The comparison of obtained results for particular cases with known ones is performed.
Imaginarios sociales y prácticas embrionarias de diseño en la obra de José Rodrigo de Vivero, en las Sabanas del Sur de Bolívar
Authors: Martínez Osorio Pedro Arturo , Da Cuz Landim Paula , Ferreira Barata Tomás
Published: July 2019

Se presentan algunos aspectos de la relación entre arquitectura y las primeras manifestaciones del diseño en la construcción de un imaginario de modernización en el contexto de las Sabanas del Sur de Bolívar, lo que se conoce actualmente como el departamento de Sucre, Colombia. Una historia urbana construida a partir del análisis crítico del discurso en prensa de la época y entrevistas semiestructuradas a personajes clave. Se examinan algunas representaciones sociales e imaginarios urbanos identificados en ese contexto histórico, para comprender su relación con la aparición de las ideas de una arquitectura moderna y el incipiente desarrollo de la práctica del diseño, como motor de cambio de dos ciudades del Caribe colombiano. Se destaca la obra del arquitecto José Rodrigo de Vivero, práctica que contrasta con los origenes unívocos planteados por la historiografía oficial de la arquitectura en Colombia. Su ejercicio es evidencia de los planteamientos sobre los orígenes del diseño en Colombia, como fenómeno históricamente motivado, distanciado de aspectos tecnológicos e industriales de la economía del país.
Insurgentes o patriotas: opinión pública, libertad de imprenta y “oposición” política en la prensa grancolombiana (1821-1823)
Authors: Torres Cendales Leidy Jazmín
Published: July 2019

Este artículo analiza la controversia entre las facciones santanderistas y nariñistas en torno a los conceptos de opinión pública, censura y libertad de imprenta, posibilitada por la creación y circulación de diversos periódicos entre 1821 y 1823. A través del estudio del lenguaje político y los circuitos de comunicación formados por siete impresos, se exponen los temas que causaron polémica entre dichos partidos y la manera como el vicepresidente y los sectores oficialistas intentaron imponer una visión unanimista de la opinión, atacando hasta su cierre a los papeles “opositores”. De esta manera, se rescata el rol de la prensa en la República de Colombia como forjadora de la esfera pública y dinamizadora del pluralismo político, luego de la proclamación de la Constitución de Cúcuta.
Miradas a la vida cotidiana de las misiones jesuitas del Gran Nayar. Virreinato de la Nueva España, 1722-1752
Authors: Rojas Galván José
Published: July 2019

Al iniciar la segunda década del siglo XVIII el gobierno de la Nueva España tomó la decisión de no postergar, por más tiempo, la consolidación de los procesos de conquista y evangelización del territorio conocido como el Gran Nayar, pues de esto dependía la explotación de minas, el impulso del comercio, la agricultura y la ganadería. Actividades sustantivas para el funcionamiento de la economía virreinal. El objetivo es analizar cómo dichos procesos condujeron a la generación de una serie de alteraciones en la vida cotidiana de los grupos sociales que coexistieron en dicho espacio, durante el período 1722-1752. El referente teórico se sustenta en la perspectiva de la historia cultural, porque posibilita reconstruir las expresiones de los grupos sociales del pasado. El método utilizado es la síntesis histórica, el cual aporta elementos para reconstruir los sucesos del pasado sobre la base de las fuentes —vestigios y testimonios— ya criticados. Todo ello permite concluir que en el Gran Nayar se acentuó una serie de factores de índole sociocultural y político que contribuyeron a generar alteraciones en la vida cotidiana, las cuales provocaron que la pacificación y evangelización no cristalizaran del todo. Al punto que se planteó la posibilidad de perder lo logrado.
Un hombre para narrar la nación. Andrés Lamas y la Historia de la República Oriental del Uruguay
Authors: Arenas Deleón Nicolás
Published: July 2019

Andrés Lamas fue designado, mediante decreto gubernamental, para escribir la Historia de la República Oriental del Uruguay en 1849. El Estado le facilitó los recursos económicos y logísticos necesarios. Esto, sumado a su vasta experiencia diplomática y al despliegue de vínculos intelectuales a escala transnacional, le posibilitó el acceso a numerosas fuentes documentales y material bibliográfico con los que producir la obra. Sin embargo, al momento de su muerte en 1891 —cuarenta años después de su nombramiento y encargo— la obra se hallaba inacabada y no existían borradores que anticiparan su pronta culminación. A partir de ello, el objetivo de este artículo es analizar el proceso de confección de la Historia, lo que llevará a reconocer las características de la práctica histórica en el siglo XIX y permitirá advertir el protagonismo de Lamas en la conformación del campo historiográfico rioplatense. De este modo, se pretende evidenciar que tras el fracaso del proyecto subsistía la necesidad, en una fracción de las élites letradas decimonónicas, de ejecutar trabajos preparatorios que abonaran el terreno para la labor histórica de las siguientes generaciones de historiadores.
Adaptación del método Acreman para la limpieza de plantas en Lemna minuta (Araceae: Lemnoideae)
Authors: Ramírez-Babativa Daniel Ferley
Published: July 2019

Lemna minuta es una macrófita flotante de amplia distribución en ecosistemas lénticos, que puede ser útil en el desarrollo de ex-perimentos ecofisiológicos y ecotoxicológicos debido a su potencial sensibilidad a contaminantes acuáticos como toxinas y meta-les pesados. Para estos, inicialmente se deben establecer cultivos axénicos con sus poblaciones bajo condiciones de laboratorio,los cuales requieren técnicas de limpieza para sus frondas que aún no han sido definidas. Se adaptó el método de Acreman en su tiempo de exposición y concentración de hipoclorito de sodio, propuesto para la desinfección de las especies pertenecientes al género LemnaL. (Lemnoideae) a partir de colonias nativas. Las colonias se obtuvieron de un humedal de la ciudad de Bogotá, y posteriormente se aclimataron y desinfectaron en diferentes tiempos y soluciones de hipoclorito. Los resultados más adecuadospara la remoción de algas epífitas y otros microrganismos de las frondas, sin presentar alta mortalidad de las colonias, se obtuvie-ron, respectivamente, en las concentraciones 0,5% (45 y 30segundos) y 0,25% (60segundos) de hipoclorito. Por el contrario, el tiempo  de  exposición  de  60segundos  propuesto  por  el  método  Acreman  (0,5%)  resultó  en  la  mortalidad  total  de  las  frondas (100%). Se sugiere utilizar una solución de hipoclorito de sodio 0,5% en un tiempo de exposición menor o igual a 45 segundos para la desinfección de colonias de L. minutacon fines experimentales.
Tolerancia al plomo de aislamientos nativos de Pseudomonas spp. de aguas residuales del Valle de Aburrá
Authors: Bedoya Vélez Jessica María , Castaño Gustavo , Ochoa Agudelo Susana
Published: July 2019

El  plomo  (Pb)  es  un  metal  pesado  cuyas  características  físico-químicas  lo  convierten  en  un  contaminante  ambiental  persistente, bioacumulable y de alta toxicidad. La biorremediación surge como una alternativa con múltiples ventajas en comparación con los tratamientos convencionales para remover contaminantes como metales pesados de aguas residuales, basándose en las capacida-des de tolerancia y mecanismos de resistencia de los microorganismos. Con el fin de conocer la tolerancia de Pseudomonasspp. al plomo presente en aguas contaminadas, se obtuvieron cuatro aislados nativos, procedentes de aguas residuales colectadas en elrío del Valle de Aburrá (zona norte), los cuales se caracterizaron bioquímicamente. Se realizaron bioensayos de tolerancia en diferen-tes concentraciones de plomo por difusión en agar, como prueba tamiz, y determinación de la concentración mínima inhibitoria,determinando la viabilidad del microorganismo en cada exposición. No se presentó diferencia significativa para la tolerancia al plo-mo  entre  los  aislados,  identificados  bioquímicamente  como Pseudomonas  aeruginosa,  ni  entre  las  diferentes  concentraciones  de plomo a las cuales fueron expuestos los aislados. A partir de estos resultados, se discute a cerca de los mecanismos reportados por diferentes autores, mediante los cuales Pseudomonasspp. puede actuar en presencia de Plomo. De esta manera, se concluye que los  aislados  de Pseudomonasspp.  presentan  mecanismos  de  tolerancia  y/o  resistencia  hasta  concentraciones  de  2500  mg/L  en presencia de nitrato de plomo, como potenciales agentes que pueden integrarse en procesos que impulsan nuevas tecnologías de biorremediación.
Biotechnological valorization of agro industrial and household wastes for lactic acid production
Authors: Romo-Buchelly Juliana , Rodríguez-Torres María , Orozco-Sánchez Fernando
Published: July 2019

Lactic acid (LA) is an organic compound used in several industries, such as food, textile, chemical, and pharmaceutical. The global interest  in  this  product  is  due  to  its  use  for  the  synthesis  of  numerous  chemical  compounds,  including  polylactic  acid,  a  biode-gradable thermoplastic and substitute for petroleum-derived plastics. An in-depth overview of the use of industrial and household wastes as inexpensive substrates in order to reduce the cost of LA production is presented. A review is carried out of the biotech-nological aspects that must be taken into account when using some wastes with high transformation potential to produce LA in a submerged  culture,  as  well  recommendations  for  their  use.  The  advantages  and  disadvantages  of  different  types  of  treatments used for the transformation of waste into suitable substrates are considered. Several methods of fermentation, as well as genetic strategies for increasing the production, are summarized and compared. It is expected that in a few years there will be many ad-vances in these areas that will allow greater large-scale production of LA using agroindustrial or household wastes, with potential positive economic and environmental impact in some regions of the planet.
Evaluación del quitosano como coagulante para el tratamiento de efluentes piscícolas
Authors: Rodriguez Jimenez Dalia Milena , Gallego Suárez Darío De Jesús
Published: July 2019

El uso de polímeros orgánicos para el tratamiento de aguas residuales a través de procesos de coagulación/floculación presenta ventajas sobre el uso de coagulantes inorgánicos, debido a la biodegradabilidad y la baja toxicidad en el agua de estos. El quitosano es un biopolímero que se ha utilizado como coagulante en el tratamiento de aguas residuales. En este estudio, se evaluó el quitosano como coagulante natural utilizado en la clarificación de efluentes piscícolas en tecnología biofloc (BFT) y en sistema de recirculación acuícola (RAS). Se implementó un diseño experimental completamente aleatorizado, de una vía, con efectos fijos. Los ensayos del agua se llevaron a cabo por el método de jar-test, donde se aplicaron dosis de quitosano de 3, 6, 9, 12 y 15 mg/L. Se analizó el efecto estadístico de la dosis de quitosano en la eliminación de la turbidez, sólidos suspendidos totales (TSS) y sólidos suspendidos volátiles (VSS) del agua. Se encontró efecto del quitosano sobre la turbidez, dosis de 9 mg/L logró remociones del 88% y valores de 3.9 NTU (Valor p < 0.05). Sin aplicar quitosano al agua, se alcanzaron valores de 25,2 y 17,2 mg/L para SST, SSV respectivamente. El quitosano permitió la eliminación de la turbidez del efluente (BFT).
Expresión génica de ligandos mica, micb y ulbp (1-6) del receptor NKG2D de células natural killer y metaloproteinasas adam10, adam17 y mmp14 en lineas celulares de cancer de cervical
Authors: García Dabeiba Adriana , Pérez Pilar , García Laura , Cid-Arregui Angel , Aristizabal Fabio
Published: July 2019

El CCU es la segunda causa de muerte en mujeres de nuestro país. Dentro de los primeros mecanismos de defensa del hospedero se encuentra la respuesta inmune de las células NK y su función lítica a expensas de su receptor activador NKG2D, el cual posee como ligandos mica, micb y ulbp (1-6), los cuales se expresan en células transformadas y/o infectadas por virus.  Uno de los mecanismos de evasión por parte de la célula tumoral es el clivaje de estas proteínas a través de metaloproteinasas como adam10, adam17 y mmp14. Se analizó la expresión de estos ligandos y metaloproteinasas mediante PCR tiempo real, en lineas celulares de referencia para cáncer cervical como HeLa (positiva para VPH-18) y C33A (negativa para VPH). Se obtuvieron valores representativos de expresion relativa genica con diferencias significativas asi: mmp14 en linea HeLa (p= 0.006); y mica y ulbp-3 en la linea C33A (p= 0.020 y p=0.003 respectivamente).  Por lo tanto, se podría sugerir que la expresión de mmp14 se encuentran posiblemente involucrados con la presencia de VPH causante del cancer cervical y la respuesta inmunne innata desarrollada.
Microalgae protoplasts isolation and fusion for biotechnology research
Authors: Echeverri Danilo , Romo Juliana , Giraldo Néstor , Atehortúa Lucía
Published: July 2019

Protoplasts are microbial or vegetable cells lacking a cell wall. These can be obtained from microalgae by an enzymatic hydrolysis process in the presence of an osmotic stabilizer. In general, protoplasts are experimentally useful in physiological, geneticand bio-chemical studies, so their acquisition and fusion will continue to be an active research area in modern biotechnology. The fusion of protoplasts in microalgae constitutes a tool for strain improvement because it allows both intra and interspecific genetic recombina-tion, resulting in organisms with new or improved characteristics of industrial interest. In this review we briefly describe themethod-ology for obtaining protoplasts, as well as fusion methods and the main applications of microalgal platforms.
THE FORMATION OF THE NATIONAL BODIES OF MILITARY ACCEPTANCE AT MINING PLANTS IN RUSSIA IN THE 1830-ies
Authors: Sergievskiy Ilya А.
Published: July 2019

Introduction. This article is devoted to the formation of the apparatus of artillery surveyors at the mining plants of the Russian Empire in the 1830s. Its relevance is due to the fact that at present there is no thorough historical research on this issue. At the same time, the study of the foundations on which the domestic Institute of military acceptance was built in the past will allow us to draw certain conclusions for the present day situation. Materials and Methods. Problem-chronological and comparative-historical methods were used in the preparation of the publication. The source base of the research includes both published documents (The complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire) and archival materials from a number of Federal, regional and departmental archival institutions of Russia. Research and Discussion. The article describes the state of the military institution of domestic acceptance by the early 1830s. The basics of staffing, cash and property security of artillery inspectors as well as the technical issues of acceptance of the military products at the Russian mining plants are discussed. Particular attention is paid to the interaction of gunners and representatives of the mining Department, as well as the solution of emerging problems and disputes. Conclusion. The publication concludes that in the 1830s many conceptual foundations of the work of domestic military acceptance bodies were laid. At the same time, there were numerous organizational and technological problems which had to be promptly resolved.