bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Plug-and-Play Technology of Distributed Renewable Energy
Authors: Li Bo , Xu Quan , Lin Guanqiang , Lin Xinhao , Zhao Ruifeng , Yu Lei , Pan Songlin
Published: December 2022

With the application of distributed renewable energy access in the power distribution system, the automation and digitalization of the power grid is effectively promoted. This greatly improves the level of energy utilization and promotes green and sustainable grid development. However, there are problems of edge-to-end authentication and information interaction in the process of accessing massive and various types of renewable energy sources. Therefore, we propose a distributed renewable energy plug-and-play approach for distribution local area networks and study a topology identification-based plug-and-play technology. We establish a distributed renewable energy access architecture with reference to the “cloud-side-end” hierarchy of the distribution IoT. Based on this, we propose a topology-based renewable energy plug-and-play mechanism to verify the energy access and realize the plug-and-play and interoperability functions. The experimental results show that the method has an accuracy rate of 90% in the verification of renewable energy access, and has a significant improvement in the efficiency of plug-and-play access for various types of renewable energy, fully realizing the automatic operation and maintenance of plug-and-play and topological correlation for massive renewable energy.
Sensorless Brushless Motor Phase Compensation Speed Control
Authors: Bu Wenping , Ding Zhilin , Cai Xing , Huang Liang , Chen Chen
Published: December 2022

This paper proposes angular velocity vector feedback speed control system, the amplitude and phase signals of diagonal velocity are extracted, and signals are converted into current and voltage vector signals to achieve high efficiency and speed precision. Brushless motor rotational stability on speed and torque are classified, comparative characteristics analysis of dynamic speed and torque between conventional method and proposed method are simulated, results consisting of speed accuracy, the waveform of stator current and back electromotive force of each phase are all compared and analyzed, verifying fitness and validation of the proposed method.
Development and Design of ADPSS Co-simulation Technology for Large-Scale New Energy Electromagnetic Transient Simulation in High Performance Calculation
Authors: Zheng Weijie , Mu Qing , Wang Feng , Chen Xujiang
Published: December 2022

As large-scale wind and photovoltaic power generation incorporating into the AC power grid, the impact of new energy fluctuation and uncertainty on the transient stability of power grid have attracted widespread attention among researchers and engineers in the power industry. It is necessary to improve the transient simulation and modelling ability of new energy to provide a more efficient simulation platform for the stability research of new energy generation connecting to large power grid. In this paper, the ADPSS technology of large-scale new energy electromagnetic transient simulation is mainly studied in depth, including the following contents: the design and development of the interface and program of ADPSS-Matlab co-simulation, the improvement and optimization of the parallel high performance computing, and the verification of the accuracy of co-simulation for the modelling and experimental research with large-scale new energy simulation.
The Risk Analysis of Electric Shock in Different Grounding Systems
Authors: Li Zhe , Ding Yuxuan , Cao Jinxin , Du Yaping
Published: December 2022

The risk of human body electric shock has always been an important issue to be considered in the design of grounding systems. To protect the human body from the risk of electric shock and to facilitate the design of the grounding system. In this paper, we use the Partial-Element-Equivalent-Circuit (PEEC) method to give numerical simulations for a typical grounding system and electric power distribution system under fault conditions. The electric shock for a typical grounding system, i.g. TN system or TT system, under phase-to-earth or phase-to-neutral short-circuit faults is studied. It is found that the complicated grounding grid may have a low step voltage than a single electrode. The touch voltage under phase-to-earth or phase-to-neutral fault conditions is analyzed. The TT system generally has a higher touch voltage magnitude than the TN-C system.
A novel discrete modeling technique and Stabilization Analysis of the two-order Inverter System
Authors: Dai Yunzhong , Li Meirong , Yang Wei , Jiang Tianchen , Li Xiaohong
Published: December 2022

LC-filter-based H6-bridge inverter (LC-H6) is a two-order inverter system, which is an appropriate circuit for the medium or high power inverter field. A novel discrete modeling technique with coefficient linearization based on stroboscopic map method is presented to reduce iterative computation and memory expense of the LC-filter-based H6-bridge inverter with PI controller (LCH6-PI) system. Meanwhile, the collision border lines of i are deduced. Then, based on the coefficient linear discrete model, stability regions of control parameter k
p, DC voltage E and load inductance L are analyzed. Finally, the simplified discrete model is verified by circuit simulation and experimental results. Stabilization analysis indicates that the stability boundary and chaos boundary can be obtained by period-doubling bifurcation and border collision, respectively.
Numerical Simulation of Transmission LineIcing Based on Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Liu Junxiang , Xu Zhong , Fan Weinan , Wang Yong , Mo Wenxiong
Published: December 2022

In recent years, transmission line icing disasters occur frequently, which poses a great threat to the operation of power grid. Most of the existing studies do not consider the impact of time-varying meteorological conditions on conductor icing. In order to effectively predict the growth of line icing, it provides an important reference for transmission line deicing and galloping early warning. The wind tunnel model of the transmission line is established by using the computational fluid dynamics simulation software, and the air flow field distribution around the transmission line is calculated by using the hybrid grid division. By establishing the motion equation of cooling water droplets in the air and analyzing the motion trajectory of water droplets, the local collision coefficient between water droplets and the transmission line is obtained, and the icing surface of the transmission line is discretized into a control body, Through the establishment of thermodynamic model, the mass balance and energy balance equations are established to calculate the icing quality of transmission line. According to the environmental temperature, wind speed, transmission line diameter and other factors, the quantitative influence degree of different factors on the icing form of transmission line is output, so as to provide technical support for the safe and stable operation of important transmission channels.
Time constant analysis of micromotors for virtual reality helmets
Authors: Xin Yuanxu , Wang Xudong
Published: December 2022

This paper focuses on the study of an ultra-micro permanent magnet stepper motor with automatic adjustment of interpupillary distance for VR helmets. To precisely adjust the rotation of the motor, the control requirements for the motor are very important, which also makes the time constant of the micro permanent magnet stepper motor of great significance. Starting from the voltage, torque balance equations and thermal balance equations, the paper analyzes and compares the electrical time constant, mechanical time constant, electromechanical time constant and thermal time constant of the micro permanent magnet claw-pole stepper motor in basic theory. Different specifications of micro permanent magnet claw-pole stepper motors were used to obtain some relationships between time constant and motor performance, which provided reference for the design and control research of micro permanent-magnet claw-pole stepper motors.
Insulator self-shattering detection based on YOLOv5 under small sample conditions
Authors: Yang Yanli , Wang Xinlin
Published: December 2022

Insulators are indispensable devices on power transmission lines. The self-shattering of insulators pose a threat to the operation of transmission lines. Insulators where self-shattering occurs are usually small objects in an image, and samples of insulator self-shattering are scarce. This brings challenges to the intelligent detection of insulator self-shattering. The insulator self-shattering is detected by a YOLOv5 under small sample conditions. Considering the scarcity of insulator self-shattering images, normal samples are used to assist in training a YOLOv5 model. Tests on a few public datasets and some simulated self-shattering images show that the recognition rate can reach 97.43% when the ratio of training to test samples is 1:10.4. The results show that our method provides a way to identify self-shattering insulator under small sample conditions.
Research on real-time power flow calculation method in closed-loop distribution networks
Authors: Wang Xiao , Yu Yinshu , Wang Rongting , Zhu Xiaojie , Xie Yong
Published: December 2022

It is less intelligent to calculate the closed-loop power flow of the distribution network by manually inputting the closed-loop power flow parameters. Therefore, it is necessary to study the real-time calculation method of the loop power flow in the distribution network. In this paper, a real-time calculation method is put forward based on the Thévenin’s Theorem. Forward/backward sweep algorithm is used to calculate the power flow of the closed-loop distribution network with the aid of the equivalent impedance and the maximum inrush current. A real-time automatic analysis tool for the closed-loop power flow is developed as well, based on the autonomous decentralized concept. The closed-loop power flow calculation is embedded in the DSCADA system to evaluate the feasibility of the loop-closing operation. Test results show that the proposed method can effectively identify the limit violation conditions within the distribution network, and that the calculation error in closed-loop power flow is small.
Electromechanical transient simulation model of low frequency flexible transmission system based on modular multilevel matrix converter
Authors: Yang Zedong , Hua Wen , Lin Jintian , Su Zhida , Wang Xueqiong , Tang Yong
Published: December 2022

Low frequency AC transmission has broad prospects in the future power system. How to establish its electromechanical transient simulation model and provide basic research means for its adaptability analysis after connecting to the large power grid is an urgent problem to be solved. Based on the existing electromechanical transient simulation methods, the mathematical model of modular multilevel matrix converter (M3C) is simplified, and an electromechanical transient simulation model composed of virtual DC circuit and equivalent AC circuit is proposed. On this basis, the power and voltage controller is designed according to the power decoupling characteristics of M3C. Further considering the operation requirements of the offshore wind power transmission system through low frequency AC transmission, an island control is designed to make M3C have the ability of passive control. Numerical examples verify the effectiveness of the proposed simulation model, which can effectively respond to short-circuit faults and power loss. This model can better meet the calculation requirements of large power grid simulation.
Condition assessment of transformers in wind farm based on modified one-dim residual neural network
Authors: Xu Honghua , Li Yong , Zhu Lei , Xu Ziqiang
Published: December 2022

The working environment of transformers in the wind farm is more complex than others, which brings the difference in condition assessment. Moreover, many condition assessment methods based on characteristics or machine learning have difficulty in recognition in cases of multiple transformers, conditions and measuring points. To assess conditions, this paper establishes a condition classification model of the transformer with a modified one-dim residual neural network and uses vibration signal, current and voltage as inputs. The built network mode has faster convergence speed and classification accuracy in transformer condition assessment and is more suitable for transformer condition assessment than the original one.
Automatic Test System of Power Software Equipment Based on Test Case Optimization Strategy
Authors: Luo Ling , Zhang Ji , Guo Xun , Zhu Jie , Liu Jing
Published: December 2022

In order to improve the test efficiency of power software equipment, the automatic test system based on test case optimization is designed and implemented. The architecture of our automatic test system includes hardware structure and software structure. The optimization strategy which designed by two methods according to classification by different modules or different types of equipment is proposed. Based on the two methods, the automatic test system takes significantly less time, and has higher processing efficiency of power software equipment. Finally, the effectiveness of the strategy is verified.
Ultra short term load forecasting for different types of industrial parks with intelligent buildings
Authors: Tang Junci , Wang Guanfu , Cai Zhiyuan , Zhao Xiaodong , Li Haoyu , Cui Jia , Li Zihan
Published: December 2022

For industrial parks with intelligent buildings, accurate forecasting of various load sizes may reduce the power supply pressure of the power grid. For industrial parks with intelligent buildings, considering the influence of weather factors and the dynamic electricity price game mechanism, the load forecasting of industrial parks often ignores the load of intelligent buildings and electric vehicles, resulting in insufficient satisfaction of residents in the buildings. The improved Attention-LSTM algorithm based on DBN structure is proposed. It takes into account the correlation between loads and the correlation between loads and energy sources. When forecasting high energy consumption industrial loads, the forecasting accuracy of intelligent building loads and electric vehicle loads is improved compared with the original algorithm, which ensures the satisfaction of residents in the building. Finally, an example is given to verify the advantages of the algorithm.
Research on Transformer Oil Level Monitoring System Based on Inspection Robot
Authors: Zhang Hongcui , Yang Junjie , Sui Zhicheng
Published: December 2022

Because the traditional oil level gauge transformer relies on manual regular patrol detection, it is not easy to know the state change of the oil level in real time. In recent years, the rapid development of AR/VR technology, the positioning, and the construction of maps of robots have also received widespread attention, and the oil level inspection task has gradually evolved in the direction of intelligent machine inspection. Based on this background, this paper studies the Cartographer algorithm, according to the mapping results for path planning, to achieve robot autonomous navigation of the designated location. After arriving at the destination, the user obtains the oil level by the depth camera, and uses the YOLOv4 to design an intelligent detection algorithm for oil level detection, using neural networks to learn the oil level state in various weather, and train a dedicated model. Through experimental verification, the inspection robot can complete the construction of the map and realize autonomous path navigation according to the target point, and the oil level detection system based on the YOLOv4 algorithm can achieve an accuracy of more than 90% for the recognition of oil level information, which has good applicability.
Influence of plasma activation nanostructure collagen on process structurization without chrome a fur sheepskin
Authors: Garifullina A R , Sysoev V A , Nasirova R A , Gieskhonov A A
Published: December 2022

The influence of water-soluble non-isocyanate urethanglicol and plasma treatment on changes in the nanostructure of collagen in the process of organic tanning is investigated. Plasma modification leads to conformational changes in collagen fibers which contributes to increase in the diffusion of structuring agents into the sense of capillary-porous material. Input parameters of plasma processing determined. Pilot tests of the proposed technology led to the production of a semi-finished product of fur sheepskin with increased values of physical, mechanical and operational indicators in comparison with the control.
The effect of plasma flow on the properties of low-current arc in an open atmosphere
Authors: Tazmeev G K , Tazmeev A K , Tazmeev B K
Published: December 2022

The electrical and optical properties of a low-current arc, which was blown by a plasma flow from a gas discharge with a liquid electrolyte cathode, were experimentally studied. The arc current varied in the range of 1-10 A. As a liquid electrolyte, aqueous solutions of sodium chloride with a specific electrical conductivity of 10-15 mS/cm were used. The arc and gas discharge with an electrolyte cathode were tied to a single-metal anode.
Analysis of the characteristics of the direct current discharge in the electrolyte medium at low pressure
Authors: Valiev R I , Khafizov A A , Bagautdinova L N , Gaysin F M , Gaisin Az F , Belgibaev E R , Shakirov Yu I
Published: December 2022

The results of experimental studies of direct current electric discharge in the gas-liquid medium of an electrolyte with bubbles for various interelectrode distances (l=50-150 mm) inside a dielectric tube are presented. The presence of a bubble structure with microdischarges affects the nature of the discharge current and voltage ripples. The frequency spectrum of voltage and current oscillations of the discharge was established using the fast Fourier transform. Based on the analysis of experimental data, a mechanism for the development of a direct current electric discharge with a gas-liquid medium with air bubbles and microdischarges has been established.
Mathematical optimization of technology for reducing the roughness of metal surfaces
Authors: Konstantinova A A , Ya Yakupov Z , Galimova R K
Published: December 2022

The processes that occur at the solid electrode-electrolyte interface and in the discharge gap during surface treatment with a vapor-gas discharge are a set of various interrelated phenomena, such as physical, chemical and electrochemical ones. The main physicochemical phenomena that determine the process of processing metal surfaces are the electric field, modes of heat and mass transfer between the processed metal surface and the liquid medium (electrolyte). Due to the large number of physical parameters that significantly affect the processing of a part, difficulties arise in planning and conducting experiments in order to optimize the technology for processing metal surfaces. This problem can be solved using mathematical modeling, which allows you to explore various processes and phenomena at no additional cost. The proposed mathematical model will be useful both at the stage of processing the measurement results and in preparing for the experiment.
The effect of nonlinear acoustic oscillations on the current-voltage characteristics of a glow discharge
Authors: Fadeev S A , Saifutdinov A I , Kashapov N F
Published: December 2022

In this work the effect of nonlinear acoustic oscillations on the current-voltage characteristics of a glow discharge are investigated experimentally. At fixed current values, an increase in the electrical resistance of the glow discharge and the energy input is observed. In the experiment, nonlinear medium oscillations are observed.
Temperature distribution of the gas on the axis at longitudinal intensive oscillations in an open tube near resonance
Authors: Gubaidullin D A , Shaidullin L R , Zaripov R G , Tkachenko L A , Fadeev S A
Published: December 2022

The oscillations of gas pressure along the axis of an open tube near resonance are investigated. The temperature distribution of the gas along the axis in the open tube using a thermistor was obtained. An acoustothermal effect at the resonance frequency in the form of an irregular axial temperature distribution in the tube is detected.
Electrical resistance through the metallic granular packings
Authors: Dujak D , Đekić M , Ćubela D
Published: December 2022

The resistance drop with time in metallic granular materials has been the subject of research since the 19th century, but it is still not fully clarified. The wider application of granular materials in the industry has contributed to the increased interest in this phenomenon. The key parameters that are mainly examined are as follows: the influence of different packings, dimensions, and shapes of the granules, as well as the influence of the pressure, exerted on them. However, there is a limited number of papers that examine the temporal evolution of the resistance in these materials. In this report, we investigate how different packings of two-dimensional stainless steel beads (inox) as well as different currents injected into them affect the temporal evolution of resistance. We also examine the effect of the breaks in the current flow for the current varied between 0.2 and 8 mA for both inox beads as well as low-carbon steel cylinders. The results show the drop of resistance over time for all current values, which is more pronounced in earlier stages of the time evolution. Interruptions in current flow cause an immediate decrease of resistance in both materials.
Improvement of a microfiber filter for domestic washing machines
Authors: Masselter Tom , Schaumann Uwe , Kampowski Tim , Ulrich Kim , Thielen Marc , Bold Georg , Speck Thomas
Published: December 2022

The development of enhanced processes for filtration is one solution for stopping the increasing freshwater and sea pollution caused by microplastic and microfibers. Major contributors to micro-X pollution are domestic devices such as washing machines, which also hold a high technical potential for separating problematic soils from waste water during cleaning cycles. The focus of the present paper are the biomimetic development of a novel concept for filtration and removal of particles such as microfibers in conventional washing machines. To this goal, a TRIZ analysis yielded viable solutions for the major key issues. In a next step, measurements were made with various filters with and without ribbed structures. The results are promising for the incorporation in a filter concept that is easy to operate and cost-effective.
Controlling distribution of prime sequences in discretely ordered principal ideal subrings of ℚ[𝕩]
Authors: Glivická Jana , Sgallová Ester , Šaroch Jan
Published: December 2022

We show how to construct discretely ordered principal ideal subrings of

Q

[
x
]

\mathbb {Q}[x]

with various types of prime behaviour. Given any set

D

\mathcal D

consisting of finite strictly increasing sequences

(

d
1

,

d
2

,
…
,

d
l

)

(d_1,d_2,\dots , d_l)

of positive integers such that, for each prime integer

p
p

, the set

{
p

Z

,

d
1

+
p

Z

,
…
,

d
l

+
p

Z

}

\{p\mathbb {Z}, d_1+p\mathbb {Z},\dots , d_l+p\mathbb {Z}\}

does not contain all the cosets modulo

p
p

, we can stipulate to have, for each

(

d
1

,
…
,

d
l

)
∈

D

(d_1,\dots , d_l)\in \mathcal D

, a cofinal set of progressions

(
f
,
f
+

d
1

,
…
,
f
+

d
l

)

(f, f+d_1, \dots , f+d_l)

of prime elements in our principal ideal domain

R
τ

R_\tau

. Moreover, we can simultaneously guarantee that each positive prime

g
∈

R
τ

∖

N

g\in R_\tau \setminus \mathbb {N}

is either in a prescribed progression as above or there is no other prime

h
h

in 

R
τ

R_\tau

such that

g
−
h
∈

Z

g-h\in \mathbb {Z}

.

Finally, all the principal ideal domains we thus construct are non-Euclidean and isomorphic to subrings of the ring

Z

^

\widehat {\mathbb {Z}}

of profinite integers.
Simple sharply 2-transitive groups
Authors: André Simon , Tent Katrin
Published: December 2022

We construct infinite simple sharply 2-transitive groups. Our result answers an open question of Peter Neumann. In fact, we prove that every sharply 2-transitive groupGGof characteristic 0 embeds into a simple sharply 2-transitive group.
Quadratic Chabauty and 𝑝-adic Gross–Zagier
Authors: Hashimoto Sachi
Published: December 2022

Let

X
X

be a quotient of the modular curve

X
0

(
N
)

X_0(N)

whose Jacobian

J
X

J_X

is a simple factor of

J
0

(
N

)

n
e
w

J_0(N)^{new}

over

Q

\mathbf {Q}

. Let

f
f

be the newform of level

N
N

and weight

2
2

associated with

J
X

J_X

; assume

f
f

has analytic rank

1
1

. We give analytic methods for determining the rational points of

X
X

using quadratic Chabauty by computing two

p
p

-adic Gross–Zagier formulas for

f
f

. Quadratic Chabauty requires a supply of rational points on the curve or its Jacobian; this new method eliminates this requirement. To achieve this, we give an algorithm to compute the special value of the anticyclotomic

p
p

-adic

L
L

-function of

f
f

constructed by Bertolini, Darmon, and Prasanna [Duke Math. J. 162 (2013), pp. 1033–1148], which lies outside of the range of interpolation.
A unifying approach to tropicalization
Authors: Lorscheid Oliver
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we introduce ordered blueprints and ordered blue schemes, which serve as a common language for the different approaches to tropicalizations and which enhance tropical varieties with a schematic structure. As an abstract concept, we consider a tropicalization as a moduli problem about extensions of a given valuation

v
:
k
→
T

v:k\to T

between ordered blueprints

k
k

and

T
T

. If

T
T

is idempotent, then we show that a generalization of the Giansiracusa bend relation leads to a representing object for the tropicalization, and that it has yet another interpretation in terms of a base change along

v
v

. We call such a representing object a scheme theoretic tropicalization.

This theory recovers and improves other approaches to tropicalizations as we explain with care in the second part of this text.

The Berkovich analytification and the Kajiwara-Payne tropicalization appear as rational point sets of a scheme theoretic tropicalization. The same holds true for its generalization by Foster and Ranganathan to higher rank valuations.

The scheme theoretic Giansiracusa tropicalization can be recovered from the scheme theoretic tropicalizations in our sense. We obtain an improvement due to the resulting blueprint structure, which is sufficient to remember the Maclagan-Rincón weights.

The Macpherson analytification has an interpretation in terms of a scheme theoretic tropicalization, and we give an alternative approach to Macpherson’s construction of tropicalizations.

The Thuillier analytification and the Ulirsch tropicalization are rational point sets of a scheme theoretic tropicalization. Our approach yields a generalization to any, possibly non-trivial, valuation

v
:
k
→
T

v:k\to T

with idempotent

T
T

and enhances the tropicalization with a schematic structure.
Carcinoma Ex Pleomorphic Adenomas: An Institutional Experience and Literature Review
Authors: Tondi-Resta Isabella , Hobday Sara B , Gubbiotti Maria A , Jalaly Jalal B , Rassekh Christopher H , Montone Kathleen T , Baloch Zubair W
Published: December 2022

Objectives

To provide an institutional experience with cases diagnosed as carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA), including the cytologic and histologic findings and clinical follow-up, followed by a comparison to the experience documented in the literature.

Methods

We identified cases of CXPA diagnosed at our institution from 2011 to 2021 and reviewed the cytologic and histologic diagnoses, as well as the treatment and clinical outcomes. Additionally, a literature review of the English literature was performed on CXPAs from 2011 to 2021.

Results

Forty-one cases of CXPA were identified, with the majority subclassified as adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified. Five tumors underwent cytogenetic studies and five underwent molecular studies. To date, 36 patients are alive, 8 of whom experienced locoregional recurrence or distant metastasis.

Conclusions

Our institutional experience was comparable to that reported in the literature. Further studies are required to inquire about the role of molecular profiles of CXPAs in clinical risk assessment.
Diverse mangroves deviate from other angiosperms in their genome size, leaf cell size and cell packing density relationships
Authors: Jiang Guo-Feng , Li Su-Yuan , Dinnage Russell , Cao Kun-Fang , Simonin Kevin A , Roddy Adam B
Published: December 2022

Background and Aims

While genome size limits the minimum sizes and maximum numbers of cells that can be packed into a given leaf volume, mature cell sizes can be substantially larger than their meristematic precursors and vary in response to abiotic conditions. Mangroves are iconic examples of how abiotic conditions can influence the evolution of plant phenotypes.

Methods

Here, we examined the coordination between genome size, leaf cell sizes, cell packing densities and leaf size in 13 mangrove species across four sites in China. Four of these species occurred at more than one site, allowing us to test the effect of climate on leaf anatomy.

Results

We found that genome sizes of mangroves were very small compared to other angiosperms, but, like other angiosperms, mangrove cells were always larger than the minimum size defined by genome size. Increasing mean annual temperature of a growth site led to higher packing densities of veins (Dv) and stomata (Ds) and smaller epidermal cells but had no effect on stomatal size. In contrast to other angiosperms, mangroves exhibited (1) a negative relationship between guard cell size and genome size; (2) epidermal cells that were smaller than stomata; and (3) coordination between Dv and Ds that was not mediated by epidermal cell size. Furthermore, mangrove epidermal cell sizes and packing densities covaried with leaf size.

Conclusions

While mangroves exhibited coordination between veins and stomata and attained a maximum theoretical stomatal conductance similar to that of other angiosperms, the tissue-level tradeoffs underlying these similar relationships across species and environments were markedly different, perhaps indicative of the unique structural and physiological adaptations of mangroves to their stressful environments.
Neurophysiological consequences of synapse loss in progressive supranuclear palsy
Authors: Adams Natalie E , Jafarian Amirhossein , Perry Alistair , Rouse Matthew A , Shaw Alexander D , Murley Alexander G , Cope Thomas E , Bevan-Jones W Richard , Passamonti Luca , Street Duncan , Holland Negin , Nesbitt David , Hughes Laura E , Friston Karl J , Rowe James B
Published: December 2022

Synaptic loss occurs early in many neurodegenerative diseases and contributes to cognitive impairment even in the absence of gross atrophy. Currently, for human disease there are few formal models to explain how cortical networks underlying cognition are affected by synaptic loss. We advocate that biophysical models of neurophysiology offer both a bridge from preclinical to clinical models of pathology and quantitative assays for experimental medicine. Such biophysical models can also disclose hidden neuronal dynamics generating neurophysiological observations such as EEG and magnetoencephalography. Here, we augment a biophysically informed mesoscale model of human cortical function by inclusion of synaptic density estimates as captured by 11C-UCB-J PET, and provide insights into how regional synapse loss affects neurophysiology. We use the primary tauopathy of progressive supranuclear palsy (Richardson’s syndrome) as an exemplar condition, with high clinicopathological correlations. Progressive supranuclear palsy causes a marked change in cortical neurophysiology in the presence of mild cortical atrophy and is associated with a decline in cognitive functions associated with the frontal lobe. Using parametric empirical Bayesian inversion of a conductance-based canonical microcircuit model of magnetoencephalography data, we show that the inclusion of regional synaptic density—as a subject-specific prior on laminar-specific neuronal populations—markedly increases model evidence. Specifically, model comparison suggests that a reduction in synaptic density in inferior frontal cortex affects superficial and granular layer glutamatergic excitation. This predicted individual differences in behaviour, demonstrating the link between synaptic loss, neurophysiology and cognitive deficits. The method we demonstrate is not restricted to progressive supranuclear palsy or the effects of synaptic loss: such pathology-enriched dynamic causal models can be used to assess the mechanisms of other neurological disorders, with diverse non-invasive measures of pathology, and is suitable to test the effects of experimental pharmacology.
Black Lives Matter in an EFL speaking class
Authors: Ordem Eser
Published: December 2022

Critical pedagogy in ELT mainly aims to encourage learners to address current sociopolitical issues and speak up for change. Thus, encountering a real-world issue might aid in deconstructing a given order of discourse found in the textbooks and gaining a more realistic perspective. This reflective study was conducted at a Turkish university and is based on a participatory approach in which the teacher-researcher and sixteen learners collaborated to develop a mini-syllabus to discuss the American racial movement Black Lives Matter (BLM). Five themes (historical background, activism, current events, media, and online platform) regarding BLM were identified to encourage meaningful action as well as develop oral skills. The outcomes show that the learners voiced their ideas freely in a democratic setting and worked to extract specific lexical phrases. This study brings the topic of BLM into Turkish EFL learners’ setting and invites EFL learners to create meaningful action.
Fascicular ventricular tachycardia arising from the left side His and its adjacent region: a subset of upper septal idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Li Meng-Meng , Wu Xue-Ying , Jiang Chen-Xi , Ning Man , Sang Cai-Hua , Li Song-Nan , Guo Xue-Yuan , Wang Wei , Zhao Xin , Tang Ri-Bo , Zuo Song , Kong Xiang-Yi , Dai Wen-Li , Yang Yang , Li Xu , Long De-Yong , Dong Jian-Zeng , Ma Chang-Sheng
Published: December 2022

Aims

Fascicular ventricle tachycardia (FVT) arising from the proximal aspect of left His-Purkinje system (HPS) has not been specially addressed. Current study was to investigate its clinical, electrocardiographic, and electrophysiological characteristics.

Methods and results

Eighteen patients who were identified as this rare FVT were consecutively enrolled, and their scalar electrocardiogram and electrophysiological data were collected and analysed. The ventricular tachycardia (VT) morphology was similar to sinus rhythm (SR) in eight patients, left bundle branch block type in one patient, right bundle branch block type in seven patients, and both narrow and wide QRS type in two patients. During VT, right-sided His potential preceded the QRS with His-ventricle (H-V) interval of 36.3 ± 12.4 ms, which was shorter than that during SR (−51.4 ± 8.6 ms) (P = 0.002). The earliest Purkinje potentials (PPs) were recorded within 7 ± 3 mm of left-side His and preceded the QRS by 49.1 ± 14.0 ms. Mapping along the left anterior fascicle and left posterior fascicle revealed an antegrade activation sequence in all with no P1 potentials recorded. In the two patients with two VT morphologies, the earliest PP was documented at the same site, and the activation sequence of HPS remained antegrade. Ablation at the earliest PP successfully eliminated the tachycardia, except one patient who developed complete atrial-ventricular block and two patients who abandoned ablations. After at least 12 months follow-up, 15 patients were free from any recurrences.

Conclusions

Fascicular ventricle tachycardia arising from the proximal aspect of left HPS was featured by recording slightly shorter H-V interval and absence of P1 potentials. Termination of VT requires ablation at the left-sided His or its adjacent region.
Red yeasts and their carotenogenic enzymes for microbial carotenoid production
Authors: Watcharawipas Akaraphol , Runguphan Weerawat
Published: December 2022

Carotenoids are C40 isoprene-based compounds with significant commercial interests that harbor diverse bioactivities. Prominent examples of carotenoids are beta-carotene, a precursor to vitamin A essential for proper eye health, and lycopene and astaxanthin, powerful antioxidants implicated in preventing cancers and atherosclerosis. Due to their benefits to human health, the market value for carotenoids is rapidly increasing and is projected to reach USD 1.7 billion by 2025. However, their production now relies on chemical synthesis and extraction from plants that pose risks to food management and numerous biological safety issues. Thus, carotenoid production from microbes is considered a promising strategy for achieving a healthy society with more sustainability. Red yeast is a heterogeneous group of basidiomycetous fungi capable of producing carotenoids. It is a critical source of microbial carotenoids from low-cost substrates. Carotenogenic enzymes from red yeasts have also been highly efficient, invaluable biological resources for biotechnological applications. In this minireview, we focus on red yeast as a promising source for microbial carotenoids, strain engineering strategies for improving carotenoid production in red yeasts, and potential applications of carotenogenic enzymes from red yeasts in conventional and nonconventional yeasts.
Comment of the European Copyright Society Addressing Selected Aspects of the Implementation of Articles 3 to 7 of Directive (EU) 2019/790 on Copyright in the Digital Single Market
Authors: Griffiths Jonathan , Synodinou Tatiana , Xalabarder Raquel
Published: December 2022

This paper addresses a few selected aspects of the implementation of the new mandatory exceptions of Arts. 3 to 7 of the Directive on Copyright and Related Rights in the Digital Single Market (Directive (EU) 2019/790). These provisions consolidate a trend in EU law to further harmonise exceptions and limitations within the EU internal market, to ensure that copyright law operates in a manner that is compatible with fundamental rights and constitutional norms, including freedom of information and expression, freedom of arts and sciences, freedom to conduct a business, as well as fostering technological and economic development. In this context, we welcome the European legislature’s efforts to extend and update the existing regime of exceptions and limitations to promote cross-border uses and ensure that the system functions more effectively in today’s technological environment. However, while the introduction of the exceptions and limitations established under Arts. 3-6 represents an important step in the right direction, it remains a modest one. Member States will play a fundamental role in securing that the mandatory minimum level of freedom for users under these new exceptions and limitations becomes a reality and should refrain from imposing specific restrictive conditions at national level.
Health promotion partnership to promote physical activity in Swedish children with ASD and ADHD
Authors: Lydell Marie , Kristén Lars , Nyholm Maria
Published: December 2022

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have a higher risk of inactivity, and efforts to promote physical activity among this population have been limited. Physical activity on prescription (PAP) may be a suitable tool for motivating participation in physical activity among children with these diagnoses. However, PAP calls for synergy and partnership between health care and other sectors of the community. The aim of this study was to describe a health promotion partnership for physical activity targeting children with ASD or ADHD. Data were obtained through individual interviews with professionals at CAP (n = 11) and three focus-group interviews with coaches from local sports clubs. We used the Bergen Model of Collaborative Functioning as the theoretical framework and used qualitative content analysis as the method of analysis to study partnerships between professionals from the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry outpatient clinic (CAP) and coaches from local sport clubs. The findings demonstrate that the partnerships included both positive and negative processes. Although the two partners shared values regarding the project, such as working for a good cause for the children and seeing the potential in the collaboration, there were doubts about sharing common resources and uncertainties about the sustainability of the PAP project. Challenges remain and further research is needed into developing, monitoring and evaluating health promotion partnerships when promoting physical activity for all.
Helicobacter pyloriand Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Unresolved Enigma
Authors: Pokrotnieks Juris , Sitkin Stanislav
Published: December 2022

Lay Summary

The article describes the hypothesis that there may be a noncausal relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that is related to the host mucin glycan fucosylation status in the gastrointestinal tract. The proposed hypothesis may explain why IBD is less prevalent in patients with H. pylori, and no increased risk of IBD is seen after H. pylori eradication therapy, as was shown in the study by Tanner et al.
Uncovering the flash potential of immigration: attitudes, salience, and far-right support in Europe
Authors: Schnaudt Christian , Stecker Christian
Published: December 2022

Attitudes toward immigrants and immigration are a central explanation for the electoral support of far-right parties. However, while these parties gained strength over the last two decades, European citizens’ views about immigration have not changed much. In this study, we contribute to solving this puzzle by uncovering the flash potential of immigration. With its salience as a politically contested issue increasing, negative yet previously less relevant immigration preferences and evaluations transform more often into politically tangible attitudes and behaviors, such as support for far-right parties. We uncover this flash potential with individual-level ESS data and aggregated measures of issue salience among the public, allowing us to model the conditioning effects of contextual-level immigration salience on the individual-level relationship between immigration attitudes and far-right support. The results from random-effects within-between models analyzing 208,794 individual respondents from 141 country-rounds and 24 countries over the period of 2002–2018 show that the effects of citizens’ attitudes on support for far-right parties are stronger in contexts and periods in which the salience of immigration is higher. Accordingly, while immigration attitudes among European public have not turned more negative over time, they have become more influential for citizens’ party attachments and vote choices.
A Fatal Case Report Resulting from the Abuse of the Designer Benzodiazepines Clonazolam and Flualprazolam in Conjunction with Dried Opium Poppy Pods
Authors: Theofel Nadine , Möller Philipp , Vejmelka Elke , Kramer Claus , Tsokos Michael , Scholtis Stefan
Published: December 2022

Toxicologists are often confronted with the abuse of multiple drugs and are obliged to decide which compound may have been the cause of death. We report on a 21-year-old man (182 cm, 84 kg), who was found unconscious in his bed. Beside him, the police found several controlled substances, among them were dried opium poppy pods containing thebaine, codeine and morphine, a clear liquid with the designer benzodiazepines flualprazolam and clonazolam and a white powder with the imprint SGT-25, instead of SGT-78 (CUMYL-4CN-BINACA). These compounds were also found in the urine sample following a non-targeted gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and a targeted liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS-MS) screening approach. Subsequently, these compounds were quantified in whole femoral blood and scalp hair. Based on the concentrations measured in femoral blood in particular, we assume that the deceased had taken a lethal dose of the designer benzodiazepines—flualprazolam (0.74 mg/L) and clonazolam (2.08 mg/L), an extremely high dose of the opiates—thebaine (0.81 mg/L), codeine (0.23 mg/L) and morphine (0.13 mg/L ) and a high dose of the synthetic cannabinoid—CUMYL-4CN-BINACA (0.01 mg/L). Besides postmortem concentrations, we also present electron impact and electrospray ionization mass spectra of compounds found in the vicinity of the decedent, namely the tryptamines—4-hydroxy-N-isopropyl-N-methyltryptamine (4-HO-MIPT), 4-hydroxy-N-ethyl-N-methyltryptamine (4-HO-MET) and 4-acetoxy-N,N-diethyltryptamine (4-ACO-DET), the amphetamines—3-fluoroethamphetamine (3-FEA) and 2-fluoromethamphetamine (2-FMA) and the arylcyclohexylamines—N-ethyldeschloroketamine (O-PCE), 3-methoxyphencyclidine (3-MeO-PCP) and 3-methoxyeticyclidine (3-MeO-PCE).
Reliability of Pheromone Trap Catches and Maize Plant Damage as Criteria for Timing Fall Armyworm Control Interventions in Humid Forest Agroecology of Central Africa
Authors: Abang Albert F , Nanga Samuel N , Esi Ndanda Rosa M O , Doumtsop Fotio Armand R , Gonder Mary K , Kouebou Christian , Suh Christopher , Fotso Kuate A , Fiaboe Komi K K M , Hanna Rachid
Published: December 2022

Control of fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) since its invasion of Africa still depends on pesticides. Early detection of adults is considered the key to the success of larvae control in the crop field. However, FAW control thresholds based on current monitoring techniques are not well established in Africa. We investigated the efficacy of moth capture frequencies and FAW incidence levels as decision tools for FAW management. Experiments were conducted over two maize cropping seasons during which FAW incidence, severity, and larvae count were recorded during destructive sampling after the application of a homologated insecticide. During the first season, the FAW incidence ranged from 37.5 ± 5.6% in the 25% incidence threshold treatment to 48.1 ± 8.1% in the control. During the second season, the incidence was significantly lower in the 25% incidence threshold treatment (55.8 ± 5.7%) compared with the control (75.7 ± 3.0%). Over the two seasons, no significant difference in FAW damage severity was recorded between the treatments and control. The highest number of larvae per plant (4.0 ± 0.6) was observed in the 10% incidence threshold treatment. Insecticide application did not consistently contribute to reducing FAW incidence and observed plant damage did not translate into yield loss. FAW control needs further investigation to establish a threshold above which damage translates into yield loss, thus necessitating control intervention.
Do highway widenings reduce congestion?
Authors: Ossokina Ioulia V , van Ommeren Jos , van Mourik Henk
Published: December 2022

Highway construction occurs nowadays mainly through widening of existing roads rather than building new roads. This article documents that highway widenings considerably reduce congestion in the short run, defined here as 6 years. Using longitudinal microdata from highway detector loops in the Netherlands, we find substantial travel time savings. These savings occur despite strong increases in traffic flow. The welfare benefits in the short run already cover 40% of the widenings’ investment costs. Our article contributes to an explanation why countries invest in roadworks even when the fundamental law of congestion predicts that travel savings disappear in the long run.