bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study of dyslipidemias in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients
Authors: Arangi Pallavi , Medabalimi Rajya Lakshmi , Acharya Anand
Published: March 2020

Background: Dyslipidemia and hypertension are a major, common and modifiable risk factor for diseases like a stroke; coronary artery disease etc. which are common causes for mortality in India. Dyslipidemia and hypertension are usually found co-exist, which accelerates the process of atherosclerosis.Methods: It is a cross-sectional study conducted on the patients who are newly diagnosed hypertensive visited Medical OPD in Konaseema institute of medical sciences between January 2018 to June 2019. All were investigated for various clinical parameters on lipid profile abnormalities. Results were compared among cases and controls.Results: A total number of patients included in the study were 167,107 are cases and 60 controls. Significant higher levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-c and lower levels of HDL-c were observed in hypertensive patients with p-value significant <0.0001.Conclusions: Hypertensive patients have significantly elevated levels of all forms of cholesterol and a higher percentage of individuals in the dyslipidemic state when compared with normotensive patients. Pre-diabetic state significantly increases the total cholesterol in hypertensive patients.
The ECG changes in various comorbidities with hypertension and without hypertension
Authors: Kumar Metta Anil , Muralikrishna J. , Acharya Anand
Published: March 2020

Background: Hypertension is the commonest cardiovascular disorder posing a challenge to the societies in socioeconomic and epidemiologic transition. In India, Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are estimated to be responsible for 1.5 million deaths annually. Indeed, it is estimated that by 2020, CVDs will be the largest cause of mortality and morbidity in India. To present study is designed to evaluate the variation of blood pressure and ECG wave forms among people hypertension with co morbidities (study group) and controls.Methods: The study included 50 people comorbidities with hypertension and 50 controls, each between ages 30-40 years from general population, and also from Medicine outpatient department, KIMS and RF Amalapuram. Detailed history from subjects, blood pressure (sitting position) and electrocardiogram was recorded during resting state in supine position. The ECG results were evaluated for various parameters like heart rate, P wave, PR interval, QRS complex etc.Results: There was significant increase in heart rate, systolic blood pressure as well as diastolic blood pressure in study group when compared to controls. Decrease in PR interval, decrease in QT interval, decrease in QTc interval, decrease in QRS axis in smokers when compared to controls.Conclusions: There was significant increase in heart rate in study group (smokers, diabetic) when compared to controls. There was significant increase in systolic blood pressure as well as diastolic blood pressure in study group (smokers, diabetics) when compared to controls. There was significant decrease in PR interval in smokers when compared to controls. There was significant decrease in QT and QTc interval in smokers when compared to controls.
Audit of fresh frozen plasma usage, prospective study: a report from department of immunohematology and transfusion medicine, government medical college Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Authors: Shah Saadat Nazir , Sidhu Meena , Gupta Vidushi
Published: March 2020

Background: Fresh frozen plasma is commonly used in tertiary care hospitals. These are used to manage conditions such as coagulation derangements. Unnecessary use of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) is known to increase the risk of side effects in plasma transfusing patients like anaphylaxis, transfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI) and risk of transfusion transmitted infections etc. So judicious use of plasma is extremely important where its benefits outweigh its potential risks.Methods: Prospective observational study conducted over a period of six month. The following data were collected; provisional clinical diagnosis, indication of FFP’S, coagulation profile and gender of the patients. We evaluated all FFP transfusions, classified them as appropriate or inappropriate according to fresh frozen plasma transfusion guidelines of Directorate general of health services (DGHS).Results: A total of 808 FFP units were issued (474 units to males and 334 units to females) over a period of 6 months. Out of these, 15% (122 units) of  FFP’s were issued to intensive care unit (ICU) patients, 12.87% (104 units) to paediatrics ward, 12.25%  (99 units) to emergency ward which include patients with upper GI bleed and lower GI bleed , 6.8% (55 units) to obstetrics patients, 6.18% (50 units) to orthopaedics, 4.45% (36 units)  to road traffic accident patients, 4.20% (34 units) to Hepatic failure patients, 3.09% (25 units) to Cardiothoracic and vascular surgery (CTVS), 2.97% (24 units) to oncology patients, 2.47% (20 units) to snake bite patients, 1.23 % (10 units) to dengue patients, 1.11% (9 units)  to Haemophilia  patients, 27.38% units were issued to the patients were indication for FFP transfusion was not known.Conclusions: study showed that 66.44% were appropriate and 33.56% were inappropriate use of FFP’s in patients. This highlights the pitfalls in use of FFP among clinicians and for that matter there is need of awareness and understanding the transfusion medicine by clinicians.
Usefulness of white blood cell count to mean platelet volume ratio in predicting short term, 30 days major adverse cardiac events in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Shanker Sumit , Reddy Subba , Ramachandran Ganesan
Published: March 2020

Background: The role of white blood cell (WBC) to mean platelet volume (MPV) ratio (WMR) in predicting short-term major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has not been studied extensively. We aimed to determine whether WMR can predict short-term (30 days) MACE in ACS patients.Methods: This hospital-based prospective cohort study was undertaken at a tertiary-care teaching hospital in India from January 2018 to December 2018. Fifty patients presenting with ACS to undergo primary percutaneous intervention were evaluated for WMR and short-term MACE.Results: Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed cut-off value of WMR as 1059 with area under the ROC curve of 0.825 (SE=0.074; 95% CI: 0.679-0.971; p=0.001). MACE was noted in 10 patients (20%) and mortality in 4 patients (8%). WMR with cut-off value of 1059 was significant and highly accurate in predicting MACE (diagnostic accuracy: 72%, sensitivity: 80%, specificity: 70%, positive predictive value: 40%, negative predictive value: 93.33%, p=0.016, and positive likelihood ratio: 2.67, negative likelihood ratio: 0.29). Risk of short-term MACE increases with higher respiratory rate, creatine kinase and creatine kinase myocardial band, alanine aminotransferase, WBC count, neutrophils, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, lymphocytes, uric acid, lower SBP, DBP, Troponin I, red blood cell count, and ejection fraction and clinical presentation such as, palpitations, sweating, giddiness, loss of consciousness, higher Killip class, and  diagnosis of  inferior wall myocardial infarction.Conclusions: Higher WMR values on admission (≥1059) are associated with worse short-term outcomes in patients with ACS and independently predict short-term MACE.
Serum uric acid as a prognostic indicator in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Kaspa Chandana , Govindu Shankar
Published: March 2020

Background: Association between serum uric acid (SUA) and the outcome of acute ischemic stroke is debated and needs to be evaluated. The present study was conducted to study the serum uric acid concentration as an indicator of   outcome among acute ischaemic stroke and to determine the role of serum uric acid as a risk factor for acute ischemic stroke.Methods: An observational study where 50 patients who presented within 48 hours of onset of stroke admitted to medical wards of government general Hospital Guntur were selected for the study.Results: Out of 50 patients included for the study, 6 belonged to the age group of 30-40 years. Majority were male (66%) and 44.5% of the males and 76.5% of females showed raised serum uric acid levels. 25 out of 50 patients were diabetic (i.e. 50%) Among them 16 had serum uric acid >6 mg% (ie.64%), 56% of the patients were hypertensive and among them 71% were found to have uric acid levels greater than 6mgs%, 38 out of 50 patients had bad outcome, with elevated uric acid levels found 30 among them. In the present study, BMI and outcome of Stroke were significantly associated with Serum Uric acid levels.Conclusions: Serum uric acid levels can be used as a prognostic indicator as a marker for increased risk of stroke. Elevated serum urate concentration may stratify risk of death after acute stroke.
Calretinin expression in molecular subtypes of invasive carcinoma breast
Authors: Venugopal Suryagayathri , J. Cicy P. , S. Deepa , Sundaram Sankar
Published: March 2020

Background: Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer death  in women worldwide. Breast carcinoma is currently managed by assessing clinicopathological features. Elucidation of molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis of breast carcinoma  may lead to the development of new targeted therapies, particularly in triple negative cancers. Literature shows a few studies on the expression of calretinin  in breast carcinoma particularly in basal like type and its prognostic significance.  In this study, authors are trying  to assess the expression of  a new marker calretinin in different molecular subtypes of invasive carcinoma breast.Methods: This study was done in  107 cases of invasive carcinoma breast specimens received in  Department of Pathology, Government Medical college, Kottayam from December  2017 to May 2019.Results: Among the molecular subtypes, Basal like tumours showed 68.4% of cases with high level and 31.6% of cases with low level calretinin expression which is comparable with the study by Farrag et al. All the other molecular subgroups showed predominantly low level of calretinin expression.Conclusions: Different molecular subtypes of invasive carcinoma breast showed varied calretinin expression. High level calretinin expression was significantly associated with grade 3 (p value = 0.002), ER negativity (p = 0.004), PR negativity (p = 0.018)  and Basal like molecular subtype (p : <0.001). This suggests that calretinin might play a role in pathogenesis of basal like breast carcinomas.
Autopsy findings in sudden death in adults: a study of 150 cases
Authors: Modi Rahul A. , Patel Mubin I. , Patel Mandakini M. , Padsala Suresh , Chaudhary Jainisha
Published: March 2020

Background: World Health Organization (WHO) deﬁnes sudden death as “deaths within 24 hours from the onset of the symptoms”. It is also deﬁned as death, which is sudden, unexpected, clinically unexplained. Aims of the study was to classify underlying causes of sudden death, to find out risk factors, associated diseases and triggers of sudden deaths in the autopsy specimens received in the Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, South Gujarat.Methods: A review of autopsies of sudden deaths performed between January 2018 to August 2018 in age group 15-45 years at Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, South Gujarat were done.Results: A total of 150 cases were studied for sudden deaths during the study. The age ranged from 15 to 45 years. Maximum deaths occurred in the age group between 35-45 years. Males (n=120) were affected more than females (n=30). The cause of deaths in 84 cases (56%) were attributed to cardiac causes and the remaining cases (44%) were due to noncardiac causes like pulmonary diseases (17.3%) followed by hepatobiliary diseases (5.4%), cerebrovascular (2%) and others like suicide by ingestion of poisoning, hanging and asphyxia (9.3%). Major cardiac cause for sudden deaths was Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) (95.2%).Conclusions: Sudden deaths were common in young adults and most are attributed to a cardiac cause. This study highlights the serious health concern in our society and a necessity to create awareness among the population at risk so that sudden deaths can be averted and life expectancy can be improved.
Refractory vasospasm of the left anterior descending artery causing hemodynamic instability after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Magarkar Vilas , Borgaonkar Devendra , Lathi Pravir
Published: March 2020

Refractory coronary vasospastic angina is prone to fatal outcomes. Therefore, it is crucial that the most suitable treatment strategy be promptly elected so as to avert further cardiac complications. Here, authors present the clinical course of profound refractory coronary vasospastic angina in a 50-year-old man. Authors elected to manage the patient through stent implantation. Despite, a complication of perforation followed by refractory coronary vasospasm, authors elected to implant a second stent to relieve the patient from all symptoms.
Osteosarcoma of the femur in early adult: a case report
Authors: Khamis Reem H. , Al Safar Thafar S. , Sulyman Nesrin K.
Published: March 2020

Osteosarcomas are primary malignant tumors of bone that are characterized by the production of osteoid or immature bone by the malignant cells. Osteosarcomas are uncommon tumors. Most articles reveal difficulty in diagnosing osteosarcoma in early stage due to its resemblance to benign lesion. That’s why we prefer to do case report for documentation. Diagnosis of the tumor is important especially in early stages for improving prognosis. This case report is of a 21 years old female who presented at Primary Health Care Centre with swelling above right knee post trauma a month ago. Previously she was diagnosed as Non ossifying fibroma (which is a benign lesion and uncommon to change to malignant lesion) at the same site in 2017.
An assessment of the factors affecting surgical decision making: a multi institutional study
Authors: Anandan Prem Kumar , Sivakumar Sindhu
Published: March 2020

Background: Decision making is a complex process, especially when guidelines are lacking. Surgeons then turn to other factors to help guide them make these decisions. This study is an attempt to understand these factors which play a role in the decision making process of surgeons.Methods: A prospective qualitative study was conducted amongst consultant surgeons and surgical residents from various institutes across Bangalore. The questionnaire was sent out to these surgeons and responses were recorded using Google Forms. A total of 158 responses were received and analyzed.Results: 69.2% of surgeons felt that patient preferences influence their decision making process. Age of the patient and medical comorbidities played a role in the decision making process of 95.5% and 94.2% of the surgeons respectively. 91% of the surgeons agreed that their age and experience has a strong influence on the decisions made by them. The institution of work and availability of tools mattered to 61.7% and 80.1% of the surgeons respectively.Conclusions: Factors such as patients’ age, comorbidities, preferences, surgeon’s institution of study, institution of work, experience, and institutional factors influence the decisions made by surgeons. Further study is needed on the larger scale to fully understand the various factors playing a role in the final decision making process.
Evaluation of the role of pre-operative albumin and its post-operative drop in the prediction of outcomes of emergency laparotomy
Authors: Kumar Devaprashanth Mohan , Sivakumar Sindhu
Published: March 2020

Background: Laparotomies are commonly performed surgeries in an emergency setting. The complications associated with these are a result of the activation of the surgical stress response, the magnitude and duration of which are proportional to the surgical injury. Albumin is an important negative phase reactant. This study was an attempt to evaluate the effectiveness of measurement of pre-operative albumin and the post-operative drop in albumin levels in the prediction of post-operative morbidity and mortality following laparotomy.Methods: Albumin levels of 50 patients undergoing emergency exploratory laparotomy in Victoria Hospital were measured pre and post operatively. The percentage drop in albumin levels was noted. The outcomes were noted and classified according to Clavein Dindo Classification. Unpaired t-test and ANOVA test was used for statistical analysis. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: 62% of the patients had hypoalbuminemia preoperatively. 58% of patients had post-operative complications. The mean preoperative albumin levels for patients without complications was 3.83 while that for patients with complications was 2.78 (p<0.05). The mean percentage drop in albumin values was 9.66% for patients without complications while it ranged from 14.79 (Clavein Dindo 1) - 24.27 (Clavein Dindo 5) for patients with complications (p=0.047). A negative correlation was noted between the preoperative albumin values and the duration of hospital stay while the drop in albumin levels showed a positive correlation with the duration of hospital stay.Conclusions: Measurement of albumin levels pre-operatively and in the immediate post-operative period following laparotomy can prove as a useful tool and an early indicator of morbidity and mortality following laparotomy.
Can difficulties in laparoscopic cholecystectomy be anticipated preoperatively: evaluation of a scoring system
Authors: . Sachin , Masanashetty Srinivas N. , S. Sindhu , M. Devaprashanth
Published: March 2020

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is often associated with intra operative difficulties leading to increased intra and post-operative morbidity. Accurate prediction of a difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy can reduce the complication rate, rate of conversion and overall medical cost. This study was an attempt to validate a scoring system developed to predict difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods: 100 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included. Details such as age, sex, BMI, previous surgical history, history of hospitalisation for biliary disease, sonographical wall thickness, pericholecystic collection and presence of impacted stone were noted. With these, pre-operative score was calculated using the scoring system. Intra operative details and complications were noted and were classified as easy, difficult and very difficult. Student t test and chi square test was used to test the difference of significance (p<0.05).Results: Male sex, higher BMI, a history of previous surgery, a history of prior hospitalisation for biliary disease, a palpable gall bladder, a thickened gall bladder wall, impacted stone and pericholecystic collection all had a statistically significant accurate prediction of the difficulty in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The mean duration of surgery was 62.7±33.15 minutes. The scoring system developed by Randhawa et al predicted difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy with a sensitivity of 77.8%, specificity of 78.1%, positive predictive value of 66.7% and a negative predictive value of 86.2%.Conclusions: The proposed scoring system predicted difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy with a sensitivity of 77.8%, specificity of 78.1%, positive predictive value of 66.7% and a negative predictive value of 86.2%.
Bedsore is a curse in disguise: capturing the zeitgeist
Authors: Yadav Anand , Kaushal Rituja
Published: March 2020

Background: Development of a bedsore is always avoidable still its worldwide prevalence fluctuates between 0%-56%. Bedsores are maximally observed in patients who are on long term care, in intensive care, immuno-compromised or on home care.Methods: In a tertiary care center-JK hospital, Bhopal, a longitudinal observational study was done for a duration of 3 years, on all registered in-patients, to understand the trend of bedsore rates on monthly basis.Results: In our study, even though, on yearly basis, average of rates is showing a declining trend in favorable manner yet higher statistical analysis (ANOVA test p value = 0.054) has decrypted the non-significant results.Conclusions: Timely and appropriate prophylactic interventions are needed to overcome the increased bedsore rates. Checklist based surveillance and monitoring should be a pressing priority. Cochrane reviews are also suggestive of incorporation of organizational changes, risk assessment tools, wound care teams and education to reduce the incidence of pressure ulcers.
Non-endoscopic management of a giant ureterocele: a case report in resource poor African hospital
Authors: Tela Usman Mohammed , Olajide Babatunde David , Lawan Abdu Mohammed
Published: March 2020

Ureterocele is a cystic dilatation of the distal sub mucosal part of the ureter. It is a congenital anomaly that may co-exist with other anomalies. It has an incidence 1 in 4000 live births. Patients present with symptoms at paediatric age or may remain asymptomatic till adulthood.  Our 30 year old female patient was assessed for a giant orthotropic right ureterocele with obstructive uropathy, in a hospital that has no modern facilities for endoscopic treatment. She then had successful open surgical repair of the ureterocele with satisfactory outcome. Minimally invasive endoscopic treatment options remains the gold standard.  Patients from poor resource regions can as well be treated successfully by open surgical repair like our index case presented.
Incidental isolated renal mucormycosis in immunocompetent patient: a rare and atypical presentation
Authors: Ghuliani Deepak , Puttaswamy Rajshekar , Sahni Kartik , Tomar Reena
Published: March 2020

Mucormycosis is a group of clinical syndromes resulting from infection by one of a group of related filamentous fungi. It is an opportunistic fungal infection that rarely occurs in immunocompetent individual. Isolated involvement of any organ is rare and only a few cases of renal mucormycosis have been reported. We present a case report of atypical presentation of a case of renal mucormycosis in a healthy adult with no predisposing factors. A 48 year non diabetic immunocompetent patient underwent right nephrectomy for painful non-functioning kidney. Biopsy showed chronic pyelonephritis with broad non-septate hyphae suggestive of mucormycosis. Post op followup of patient is normal. Mucormycosis of kidney causes extensive infarction and necrosis due to direct angioinvasion and vascular thrombosis leading to fulminant acute renal failure. The disease mimics pyogenic infection leading to delay in diagnosis and hence resulting in high mortality. High index of suspicion is needed for early diagnosis. Urine and blood cultures are usually sterile. Characteristic CT findings include diffuse enlargement of the kidney with absence of contrast excretion and multiple low-density areas in the renal parenchyma representing fungal abscess. Whenever suspected, FNAC or biopsy is strongly advocated as no imaging can confirm the diagnosis. Nephrectomy or debridement of necrotic tissue along with IV Amphotericin B consist the principal treatment. Renal mucormycosis presenting an indolent course and found incidentally after nephrectomy is extremely rare. In an incidentally found mucormycosis, the role of further investigations to find the source and the role of antifungals have to be further studied.
Hydatid cyst of broad ligament: a rare case report
Authors: Gujar Ajay , Pednekar Jayant , Khan Nida , Tiwary Anurag , Pillai Rohith , Chheda Karna , Singhal Pragati
Published: March 2020

Hydatid cyst is a parasitic disease caused by tapeworm Echinococcus. It affects the liver and lung most commonly, but may rarely affect fallopian tube, broad ligament and other structures. One such peculiar case is where a 17 years old female presented with a rapidly growing cystic mass in lower abdomen, clinically suspicious of ovarian mass or mesentric cyst. Investigations failed to identify the nature. On laparotomy, excision of the mass was done. Suprisingly histopathological examination identified the lesion as hydatid cyst arising from the broad ligament. Patient responded well to surgical excision followed by albendazole administration. Female genital tract hydatidosis is a rare entity and in most cases the involvement is secondary. Primary hydatid disease of female genital tract is even very rarer and generates considerable diagnostic difficulty.
A rare case of symphalangism of bilateral interphalangial joint of thumbs: a case report
Authors: Kumar Anil
Published: March 2020

Symphalangism is rare congenital disorder characterised by ankylosis of interphalangeal joints of hands and feet. The fusion can involve the proximal or the distal joints; however, involvement of the proximal interphalangeal joints is more common. There may other associated skeletol and non-skeletol abnormalities. Here the author reports a 14 year old girl with symphalangism involving the interphalangeal joints of the thumbs of bilateral hand. She did not have any functional impairment and hence no medical or surgical intervention was performed. As involvement of thumbs is very rare condition, author would like to report it.
Delayed presentation of diaphragmatic hernia as acute intestinal obstruction due to an old penetrating trauma: a rare case report
Authors: Biswas Prakash , Yadav Neha , Sridhar Rachith , Bhatia P. K. , Patel Binoy
Published: March 2020

Acquired diaphragmatic hernias (ADH) are uncommon following penetrating thoraco-abdominal injuries. This is a case report of ADH with bowel obstruction following an old penetrating abdominal trauma without any signs and symptoms of respiratory distress.
Otomycosis, frequency, clinical features, predisposing factors and treatment implications
Authors: K. Manjunath , Singh Amardeep , S. V. Manjunatha Rao
Published: March 2020

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of otomycosis, the clinical presentation, predisposing factors and treatment outcome.

Methods: This observational study was conducted at ENT Department of Basaveshwara Medical College and Hospital, Research centre, Chitradurga from May 2018 to June 2019, 13 months study. There were 50 patients with documented diagnosis of otomycosis. There were 19 (38%) males and 31 (62%) females. The age of patients ranged from 3 years to 65 years with mean age of 32.5 years. Mean follow-up time was 1 year (~13 months). The frequency, predisposing factors and most common symptoms of otomycosis were recorded along with the response to different Antifungal agents were observed and results were recorded in percentages. Data were analysed using SPSS 12 software. Results are based on descriptive statistics.  

Results: We prescribed 1% clotrimazole drops or lotion in 58% of patients and 2% salicylic acid in 31% cases. Both of these agents are effective. Topical 1% clotrimazole drops yielded highest resolution rate with lowest recurrent rate. To analyse the efficacy of 1% clotrimazole and 2% salicylic acid. We applied Z-test to calculate the difference between two proportions of patients before treatment with those patients who remained uncured after treatment.

Conclusions: Otomycosis commonly prevented with hearing loss, pruritus, otalgia and otorrhoea. It usually resolves with local toilet of ear and installation of antifungal agents.
Prevalence and etiological factor of hearing impairment among school going children in rural area of district, Dehradun
Authors: Saini Saurabh , Bist S. S. , Kumar Lovneesh
Published: March 2020

Background: Childhood hearing impairment is a signiﬁcant public health condition associated with long-term academic and communicative difficulties. Causes can be congenital or acquired. Nearly half of the known causes can be prevented by primary public health methods. Present study was conducted to determine the prevalence and etiological factor related to hearing impairment among school going children in rural area district Dehradun.

Methods: 1003 children, aged 6 to 17 years, from the schools in the Doiwala block district Dehradun were randomly selected and examined. Clinical otologic assessment and Pure tone audiometry screening were conducted on all participants.  

Results: The prevalence of hearing impairment was 19.6%. The hearing impairment in majority of cases was of a mild degree i.e., 26 to 40 dB (93.9%) of which majority of children (99.0%) had conductive loss. Wax was the commonest cause of hearing loss (79.2%). CSOM was found in 19.0% children.

Conclusions: The prevalence of hearing impairment in school going children in rural area district Dehradun was high. Majority of the etiological factor of hearing impairment identified were preventable. Proper assessment and diagnosis of hearing loss in children at early age is important for better development and psychosocial development.
Event related potentials in cases of amblyaudia
Authors: Essawy Wessam Mostafa
Published: March 2020

Background: Amblyaudia is a weakness in the listener’s binaural processing of auditory information. Subjects with amblyaudia also demonstrate binaural integration deficits and may display similar patterns in their evoked responses in terms of latency and amplitude of these responses. The purpose of this study was to identify the presence of amblyaudia in a population of young children subjects and to measure mismatch negativity (MMN), P300 and cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) for those individuals.

Methods: Subjects included in this study were divided into 2 groups control group that consisted of 20 normal hearing subjects with normal developmental milestones and normal speech development. The study group (GII) consisted of 50 subjects with central auditory processing disorders (CAPDs) diagnosed by central auditory screening tests. 

Results: With using dichotic tests including dichotic digits test (DDT) and competing sentence test (CST), we could classify these cases into normal, dichotic dysaudia, amblyaudia, and amblyaudia plus with percentages (40%, 14%, 38%, 8% respectively). Using event related potentials, we found that P300 and MMN are more specific in detecting neurocognitive dysfunction related to allocation of attentional resources and immediate memory in these cases.

Conclusions: The presence of amblyaudia in cases of central auditory processing disorders (CAPDs) and event related potentials is an objective tool for diagnosis, prognosis and follow up after rehabilitation.
Submandibular duct sialolithiasis of unusual size: a case report
Authors: Sarma Mandira , Sahoo Soumick Ranjan
Published: March 2020

Sialolithiasis is the most common disease of the salivary glands. Majority of sialoliths occur in the submandibular gland. Considering the literature, most stones are less than 5 mm, and stones more than 10 mm are quite unusual. We present a case report of a 37 year old male who had a stone of 11×8 mm near the orifice of the right submandibular duct which was removed via transoral incision.
Case report of uncommon esophageal foreign body: goat’s eye
Authors: Mani Suresh , Swaminathan Gayathri
Published: March 2020

Foreign bodies of upper aero digestive tract are commonly dealt by an otolaryngologist. We have seen a variety of foreign bodies of esophagus, varying from irritants to non irritants, sharp to big blunt objects which almost always require intervention. An elderly man presented to us with acute onset of dysphagia after ingesting meat. On flexible esophagoscopy, it was found to be an uncommon foreign body of the esophagus which is goat’s eye. We believe this is the first of its kind to be reported in the literature. He had consumed the whole eyeball with the belief that it would improve his vision. Even in today’s era such weird customs and practices prevail in many remote places. Health education should be advocated in target areas to bring about a change in the mindset of people. 
Secuestro pulmonar: opciones de tratamiento desde la perspectiva de las teorías embrionarias
Authors: Sancho Hernández Rogelio , Rojas Maruri Mauricio
Published: March 2020

Niña de cuatro meses, con antecedentes prenatales de masa pulmonar fetal izquierda diagnosticada a las 30 semanas de gestación, como probable malformación adenomatoidea quística. Se ignoran los índices pronósticos o la hidropesía fetal. Nació a término, a las 41 semanas, por vía abdominal, peso de 2900 g, talla de 47 cm y valoración Apgar 8/9. Permaneció hospitalizada debido a sepsis neonatal temprana, con foco neumónico durante 16 días, tratada con cefotaxima y dicloxacilina, sin requerir soporte ventilatorio mecánico (aislamiento de S. epidermidis). Por el linfedema bilateral de manos y pies se solicitó la valoración genética y el cariotipo confirmó el síndrome de Turner 45X. Ingresó al Instituto Nacional de Pediatría con esquema de inmunizaciones incompleto, neurodesarrollo normal y sin otros antecedentes de importancia.
Anomalías vasculares más frecuentes en pacientes pediátricos. Parte 2: Malformaciones vasculares
Authors: Campos Cabrera Blanca Lucina , Morán Villaseñor Edna , García Romero María Teresa , Durán McKinster Carola
Published: March 2020

Las anomalías vasculares (AV) comprenden un grupo heterogéneo de alteraciones en los vasos sanguíneos y linfáticos. La Sociedad Internacional para el Estudio de las Anomalías Vasculares (ISSVA) las clasifica en dos grupos: tumores y malformaciones vasculares. Las malformaciones vasculares son entidades secundarias a errores congénitos durante la morfogénesis vascular. De acuerdo con el vaso malformado se dividen en: capilares, linfáticas, venosas, arteriovenosas, fístulas arteriovenosas, malformaciones combinadas, de grandes vasos y asociadas a otras anomalías. Las malformaciones capilares afectan piel y mucosas, se presentan como manchas de aspecto vascular, con mayor frecuencia en cabeza y cuello, cuyo color varía desde un tono rosado a un eritemato-violáceo. Las malformaciones linfáticas se manifiestan como un incremento de volumen subcutáneo, bien delimitado, de consistencia blanda, sin cambios en la coloración de la piel subyacente. Las malformaciones venosas se presentan como un aumento de volumen mal delimitado, de consistencia suave y compresible, la piel de la superficie presenta una coloración azul-violácea y si bien son congénitas, pueden no ser evidentes hasta la pubertad o posterior a un traumatismo. Finalmente, las malformaciones arteriovenosas que son las menos frecuentes, se presentan como un incremento de volumen subcutáneo, mal delimitado, de consistencia firme con un thrill o pulso a la palpación. La importancia de este segundo artículo de AV radica en poder categorizar de una manera inicial, si se trata de un tumor o una malformación vascular, con el fin de ofrecer un abordaje y manejo interdisciplinario y dirigido.
Árboles de forzamiento semántico para la semántica de sociedades abiertas
Authors: Siera Aristizabal Manuel
Published: March 2020

La semántica de sociedades biasertivas abiertas para el sistema de lógica paraconsistente P1, es caracterizada por una herramienta de inferencia visual llamada árboles de forzamiento semántico para sociedades abiertas. Dada una fórmula, con esta herramienta se marcan los nodos del árbol asociado a la misma, y se determina si la fórmula es válida o no. En el caso que la fórmula sea inválida, la sociedad que la refuta está determinada por las marquillas de las hojas en su árbol de forzamiento.
Obtención de ciruelas osmodeshidratadas bajas en calorías mediante un proceso dual de sustitución de azúcares
Authors: Laborde Mariana Belén , Muñoz Salomé , Pagano Ana María
Published: March 2020

Se llevó a cabo el desarrollo de un alimento saludable reducido en calorías y de calidad diferencial: ciruelas D’Agen deshidratadas. Esto mediante un proceso osmótico dual (D3S) de sustitución de los azúcares naturales de la fruta por edulcorante no calórico Stevia complementado por secado. Se utilizó un diseño experimental factorial bajo la consideración del tiempo de pretratamiento en Etapa i (10, 20, 30 minutos), frecuencia de ultrasonido en Etapas i y ii (0,40 kHz), tiempo de tratamiento en Etapa ii (10, 20, 30 minutos), y concentración de solución de edulcorante Stevia (20, 25% p/p). El monitoreo del proceso se realizó al evaluar la evolución del contenido de sólidos solubles (SS), humedad (M) y peso de las muestras (W), así como las variables pérdida de sólidos solubles (SG), pérdida de agua (WL), y reducción de peso (WR), en cada etapa. Los resultados se analizaron mediante Anova (análisis de la varianza) y RSM (metodología de superficie de respuesta). El proceso dual óptimo que removió la mayor cantidad de azúcares calóricos e incorporó más edulcorante natural Stevia cero calorías (10,67%) a las ciruelas consistió en un pretratamiento de 22,8 minutos asistido por ultrasonido, seguido de inmersión en solución de Stevia del 20% p/p durante 22 minutos con aplicación de ultrasonido, mientras que para la optimización múltiple de SG y WL las condiciones operativas fueron solución al osmótica 23% p/p durante 24,6 minutos.
Composición química de aceites esenciales de hojas de Fridericia florida DC. y Fridericia chica (Bonpl.)
Authors: Devia Castillo Beatriz Ofelia , Mahecha Jiménez Yudy , Franco Nieves María Fernanda , Matulevich Peláez Javier Andrés
Published: March 2020

Se identificó la composición química de los aceites esenciales de hojas frescas de Fridericia florida DC. L.G Lohman y Fridericia chica (Bonpl) (Bignoniaceae), obtenidos por destilación con arrastre de vapor. La identificación se realizó por cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas (CG-EM), comparación de índices de retención y espectros de masas reportados por la literatura. Se obtuvo un rendimiento de 0.033%, y se identificó el 96.78% (Fridericia florida) y el 91.95% (Fridericia chica) de su composición total relativa. En Fridericia florida se identificaron 13 compuestos, de los cuales el mayoritario fue el limoneno (72.17%). En Fridericia chica se identificaron 11 compuestos, de los cuales el mayoritario fue el germacreno D (63.77%). Estos resultados contribuyen a la fitoquímica de ambas especies, al conocimiento de los componentes volátiles de especies nativas de uso tradicional y constituyen un aporte al género Fridericia, del que no se registran estudios sobre la composición de aceites esenciales.
Prevalencia de anormalidades en la citología cervical en tres grupos poblacionales de mujeres en Popayán, Colombia 2003 - 2005
Authors: Bravo de Insuasty Myriam , Erazo José Vicente , Álvarez Ana María , Casas María Isabel , Ortiz de Collazos Ofelia , Álvarez-Soler Jaime
Published: March 2020

El cáncer cervical es una enfermedad prevenible, sin embargo su erradicación todavía está lejana. La citología no siempre detecta la infección por virus de papiloma humano (HPV) y no predice su comportamiento; es necesario delimitar grupos de riesgo y buscar mecanismos para complementarla.Objetivos: conocer la prevalencia de citologías anormales en diferentes grupos poblacionales de mujeres, y definir su perfil epidemiológico.Metodología: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, incluyó 416 mujeres provenientes de un centro de reclusión, de bienestar universitario y de un centro de atención primaria en la ciudad de Popayán, entre los años 2003 a 2005. A las participantes se les tomó una muestra para citología y se les aplicó una encuesta.Resultados: en el centro de reclusión la prevalencia de alteraciones citológicas fue del 11%. En el grupo de estudiantes del 10%. En el grupo del centro de atención primaria del 6%. En los tres grupos se identificaron factores de riesgo.Conclusiones: existe una mayor prevalencia de anormalidades citológicas en población carcelaria y universitaria en Popayán, Colombia.
Tratamiento de la endometriosis I y II. Revisión de la literatura
Authors: Díaz-Yamal Ivonne Jeannette , Sanabria-Gaitán Alef Tsade
Published: March 2020

Objetivo: el objetivo de este manuscrito es hacer una revisión de la literatura disponible que aborde el tratamiento de la endometriosis I y II para el manejo del dolor, de la infertilidad y como coadyuvante en las técnicas de reproducción asistida.Metodología: se realizó una revisión de la literatura disponible en las bases de datos PubMed/Medline con énfasis en guías de manejo desde 1992 hasta 2007.Resultados: en el tratamiento del dolor en endometriosis I y II, tanto el manejo médico como quirúrgico es efectivo. No hay diferencia entre los diversos tratamientos médicos en la disminución del dolor; su elección estará determinada por la edad, el deseo de fertilidad de la paciente y los efectos secundarios de los mismos. Para el tratamiento de la infertilidad asociada a endometriosis, el tratamiento médico no es efectivo, pero el manejo quirúrgico parece benéfico para los estadios I y II, eliminando los focos de la enfermedad.Conclusión: se requieren más estudios aleatorios controlados, comparando su uso con placebo o sin tratamiento. La cirugía también ha demostrado mejoría, pero no existen estudios que comparen el manejo médico con el quirúrgico.
Degeneración sarcomatosa rápida de un leiomioma simplástico pleomórfico de útero, reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Bonilla-Sepúlveda Oscar Alejandro , Díaz-Cardona Jaime , Restrepo-Pareja Álvaro
Published: March 2020

Objetivo: revisar la epidemiología y el cuadro histopatológico de los sarcomas uterinos.Presentación del caso: mujer de 35 años de edad atendida en el Hospital General de Medellín (Hospital de 3er nivel de atención, público, centro de referencia Obstétrica), por sangrado genital. Presentaba anemia y masa pélvica, que en el estudio histopatológico mostró como leiomiosarcoma uterino de alto grado.Discusión: se describe como una lesión tumoral benigna atípica con celularidad variable, degenera en una lesión leiomiosarcoma de comportamiento agresivo, con intervalo de ataques de síntomas en fase temprana.
Flora Emergente En Un Gradiente De Sucesión Post-Aprovechamiento Minero En Condoto, Chocó
Authors: Valoyes  Cardozo Zulmary , Ramírez Moreno Giovanny
Published: March 2020

Hicimos un análisis comparativo de la comunidad vegetal en tres áreas afectadas por minería y un bosque testigo en Jigualito (Condoto). Para determinar cambios en la composición y la estructura de la vegetación, seleccionamos tres minas abandonadas con temporalidades de 5, 15 y 30 años y un bosque sin historia minera. En cada área se instalaron 5 parcelas de 5 x 20 equivalentes a 500m², se registró y midió la vegetación presente en cada área seleccionada. En las minas abandonadas la distribución de riqueza, composición y estructura de la comunidad vegetal está condicionada por la cronología del abandono minero y la evolución de los niveles sucesionales, evidenciando el aumento de la riqueza y la disminución de las abundancias a medida que incrementó la temporalidad de cese de la actividad, favoreciendo el incremento de la diversidad y la aparición de una estructura más compleja. Por lo que se infiere que después de 3 décadas, la comunidad vegetal se encuentra aproximadamente en menos de un 50% de sus condiciones iniciales en términos numéricos de composición, sin embargo, el arreglo florístico es completamente diferente al del bosque testigo, en este sentido, la actividad minera ocasiona una serie de áreas con arreglos florísticos diferentes.
Valorización De Residuos De Parafinas Provenientes De La Pirólisis De Plásticos Por Craqueo Catalítico
Authors: Herrera José Ignacio Solís , Miranda Barbara Cristina , Barquero Alexander Davis , Rivera German Jiménez
Published: March 2020

En esta investigación se estudió el efecto del tipo de catalizador, la temperatura de reacción y la relación másica catalizador/parafinas en la conversión de parafinas provenientes de residuos de pirólisis de plásticos, a través de craqueo catalítico. Se seleccionaron como catalizadores la Zeolita Y y la Zeolita ZSM-5, las relaciones másicas catalizador/parafina de 0.4:1 y 0.20:1, y las temperaturas de reacción de 400˚C y 440˚C. La reacción de craqueo de las parafinas se llevó a cabo en un reactor de lecho fijo. Por medio de análisis estadístico se determinó que el tipo de catalizador presenta el efecto más significativo al obtener un rendimiento promedio de 27.43% utilizando la Zeolita ZSM-5, en contraste con la Zeolita Y se obtuvo un 13.10%. Se determinó que se obtiene 1.2% más de rendimiento al utilizar la temperatura de 400˚C respecto a la de 440°C. La relación másica catalizador/parafina no afecta de manera significativa el rendimiento. Según los análisis por cromatografía de gases, se esperaría que de este producto líquido obtenido se puedan obtener productos similares al diésel, combustible de aviación Jet A-1 y gasolina regular.
Apuntes sobre la enseñanza filosófica en la nueva Academia
Authors: Rojas  Landaeta Marco Arturo
Published: March 2020

Varios hechos concurren en el desconocimiento de una posible doctrina neoacadémica: a) su fundador, Carnéades, no escribió nada; b) las transcripciones de sus discursos, por parte de discípulos directos, se perdieron; y c) la visión de los neoacadémicos como simples disputadores preocupados exclusivamente por refutar. Sin embargo, el presente trabajo aspira entrever lo que habrían sido aspectos de una posible doctrina educativa en dicha escuela, a partir de la lectura de los diálogos ciceronianos. Con este propósito, se centrará la atención, en primer término, en el testimonio del Arpinate sobre el supuesto rechazo neoacadémico a que se anteponga la autoridad a la razón, y la consecuente defensa de la libertad de juicio en el aprendiz; en segundo término, en la implementación de los métodos dialécticos a los que se recurriría para superar la autoridad en la enseñanza; y, por último, en los posibles fundamentos ontológicos de tal propuesta pedagógica. La concordancia de estos elementos hará que se concluya la posible existencia de un pensamiento educativo sistemático en la nueva Academia.
La escritura de la historia: Una aproximación a la Teoría del Relato de Jean Pierre Faye
Authors: Gómez Palomino Alfredo
Published: March 2020

La tradición de la escritura de la historia en Colombia durante el siglo diecinueve y buena parte del siglo veinte fue elemento decisorio en la formación del Estado-nación. Esta tradición después de los años ochenta del siglo pasado, marca el comienzo de otras posibilidades para el oficio historiador; entre las posibilidades se permite la profesionalización del historiador. La producción de la escritura profesional y universitaria de la historia ofrece a la comunidad académica un acervo de antecedentes para la reflexión sobre la escritura de la historia. Una reflexión en este sentido es posible con la aproximación a la Teoría del Relato del filósofo e historiador francés Jean Pierre Faye.  El artículo presenta la postulación de los principios metodológicos de la Teoría del Relato, particularmente, explica las influencias teórico-metodológicas de la racionalidad kantiana, de la economía política marxista, de la sociología sagrada o del poder, y de la lingüística chomskiana. La aproximación a la Teoría del Relato, presenta una tradición de escritura de la historia, novedosa para el medio académico nacional que se muestra potente para los estudios de historia social y política.