bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of adverse perinatal outcome by cerebroplacental ratio adjusted for estimated fetal weight
Authors: Sirico A. , Diemert A. , Glosemeyer P. , Hecher K.
Published: March 2017

Objectives

To evaluate the relationship between cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) and estimated fetal weight (EFW) in low‐ and high‐risk singleton pregnancies. Furthermore, we evaluated the role of CPR in the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome and whether CPR measurements adjusted for EFW improve its predictive value.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study including pregnancies in which Doppler investigations of umbilical artery (UA) and fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA) were performed at ≥ 30 weeks' gestation. Pregnancies were allocated to one of three groups according to EFW centile: small‐for‐gestational age (SGA) with EFW < 10th centile, appropriate‐for‐gestational age (AGA) and large‐for‐gestational age (LGA) with EFW > 90th centile. CPR was calculated as the ratio between the UA pulsatility index (PI) and MCA‐PI and converted to CPR multiples of the median (MoMs) according to the three EFW groups. Linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between CPR‐MoMs and EFW centiles in low‐risk pregnancies. Furthermore, MoMs of CPR adjusted according to EFW centile (aCPR‐MoMs) were calculated. Adverse perinatal outcome was defined as presence of pathological cardiotocography (CTG) trace, arterial cord blood pH < 7.1, 5‐min Apgar score < 7 and presence of meconium‐stained amniotic fluid (MSAF).

Results

A total of 3515 (3016 low risk and 499 high risk) pregnancies, delivered between January 2010 and March 2016, were included. Linear regression analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between EFW centile and CPR‐MoM. Receiver–operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis showed a significant association between CPR‐MoM and pathological CTG trace (AUC, 0.539; SD, 0.014; P = 0.005) and low Apgar score (AUC, 0.609; SD, 0.041; P = 0.008), but not with low arterial pH or MSAF. There was a significant association between aCPR‐MoM and pathological CTG trace (AUC, 0.540; SD, 0.014; P = 0.003), low arterial cord blood pH (AUC, 0.546; SD, 0.022; P = 0.035) and low Apgar score (AUC, 0.609; SD, 0.044; P = 0.008), but not with MSAF. However, detection rates for adverse perinatal outcomes by CPR‐MoM and aCPR‐MoM were low, ranging from 6.7% to 28.6% for SGA, 12.1% to 22.2% for AGA and 0% to 33.3% for LGA, for a false‐positive rate of 10%. In a subgroup analysis of cases in which ultrasound examination was performed at ≥ 34 weeks of gestation and within 4 weeks of delivery (n = 1439), the ROC curves for aCPR‐MoM were significantly associated with all four outcomes evaluated.

Conclusions

CPR‐MoM values are dependent on EFW centiles; therefore, we suggest that CPR‐MoM should be adjusted for EFW centile. However, both CPR‐ and aCPR‐MoM showed a low prediction rate for adverse perinatal outcome. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Protocol for the prospective validation study: ‘Screening programme for pre‐eclampsia’ (SPREE)
Authors: Tan M. Y. , Koutoulas L. , Wright D. , Nicolaides K. H. , Poon L. C. Y.
Published: March 2017

Pre‐eclampsia (PE), which affects about 2% of pregnancies, is a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Early detection of PE can improve pregnancy outcome by providing timely intervention and closer monitoring. The current guideline from the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommends that, at the booking visit, women identified with one major risk factor or more than one moderate risk factor for PE should be advised to take low‐dose aspirin daily from 12 weeks until delivery. However, performance of the current method of screening is poor and identifies only about 35% of PE. Extensive studies in the last decade have established that the best performance for early prediction of PE can be achieved by using a novel Bayes' theorem‐based method that combines maternal characteristics and medical history together with measurements of mean arterial pressure (MAP), uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA‐PI), serum placental growth factor (PlGF) and pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A) at 11–13 weeks' gestation. This forms the ‘combined test’, which could be simplified to the ‘mini combined test’ when only maternal factors, MAP and PAPP‐A are taken into consideration.

We present the protocol (version 3.1, 14 November 2016) for the ‘Screening programme for pre‐eclampsia’ (SPREE) study, a prospective multicenter cohort study that will be carried out in seven National Health Service maternity hospitals in England. Eligible pregnant women attending their routine scan at 11–13 weeks' gestation will be invited to participate in this study. Maternal characteristics and history and measurements of MAP, UtA‐PI, serum PAPP‐A and PlGF will be recorded according to standardized protocols. The patient‐specific risk for PE will be calculated and data on pregnancy outcomes collected. We hypothesize that the first‐trimester mini combined test and combined test for PE screening, using the Bayes' theorem‐based method, are likely to be superior to the current method recommended by NICE that is based on maternal demographics and history alone.

Enrollment for the study commenced in April 2016. The study is registered on the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN) registry. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Seekers, Finders, Settlers, and Stumblers: Identifying the Career Paths of Males in the Genetic Counseling Profession
Authors: Chen Anthony , Veach Pat McCarthy , Schoonveld Cheri , Zierhut Heather
Published: March 2017

Genetic counseling is a female‐dominated profession, with 96% of counselors self‐identifying as female. Research suggests gender diversification benefits healthcare professionals and the populations they serve. Therefore, this study explored how men choose a genetic counseling career, associations between career satisfaction and their career entry dynamics and experience levels, and differences due to experience level in how they decide on this profession. Twenty‐five novice, experienced, or seasoned male counselors and 8 male genetic counseling students participated in semi‐structured phone interviews. Interpretive content and cross‐case analyses of interview data were informed by Simpson's “Seekers, Finders, and Settlers” theory describing career entry dynamics of men in non‐traditional (i.e., female‐dominated) fields. Results revealed 13 interviewees were Seekers, who initially knew they wanted a career in genetic counseling, actively chose the profession, and were satisfied with their decision. Eleven were Settlers, who had tried different, traditional jobs, with limited satisfaction before actively finding and choosing genetic counseling. Two were Finders, who discovered genetic counseling while in the career decision making process and made a passive choice to pursue it as they had no feasible, satisfactory alternative. Seven men fit a new category, we termed “Stumblers,” who were in another career and satisfied, but changed to genetic counseling after happening to hear about it. Prevalent themes pertaining to participants’ experiences in the career include desire for a multidisciplinary career; lack of a priori knowledge of genetic counselor roles; late exposure to the profession; and varied perceptions of being in a non‐traditional career. There were few differences due to experience level and career satisfaction was high across the sample. Results suggest earlier exposure to the career and availability of detailed descriptions of its multidisciplinary nature may increase the number of males in the profession.
Efficacy of nanoceria for periodontal tissues alteration in glutamate-induced obese rats—multidisciplinary considerations for personalized dentistry and prevention
Authors: Beregova Tetyana V. , Neporada Karine S. , Skrypnyk Maksym , Falalyeyeva Tetyana M. , Zholobak Nadiya M. , Shcherbakov Oleksandr B. , Spivak Mykola Ya. , Bubnov Rostyslav V.
Published: March 2017

Background

Nowadays, we face the global epidemic of obesity, that is known to contribute to the development of many diseases, such as the oral cavity pathologies. Dental and oral pathologies are frequently caused by and overlapped with systemic multifactorial diseases such as obesity being its early indicators and risk factors.

The aim was to study the influence of nanoceria on periodontal tissues alteration in glutamate (MSG)-induced obese rats.

Methods

We included 52 Wistar rats of both genders and divided into four groups: newborn rats in group 1 (control) received subcutaneously 8 μl/g saline. Group 2 received 3 to 4 mg/g MSG subcutaneously on the second, fourth, sixth, eighth, and tenth day of life; group 3—intragastric administration of nanocrystalline cerium dioxide at a dose of 1 mg/kg volume of 2.9 ml/kg against the background of glutamate-induced obesity; the fourth group of animals was treated with a solution of sodium citrate intragastric volume of 2.9 ml/kg (solvent of nanocrystalline cerium). We determined the total proteolytic activity, the total antitrypsin activity, the content-free fucose and glycosaminoglycanes (GAG), content of TBA-active of products, the content of oxidation-modified proteins (OMB), and catalase activity in the homogenate of soft periodontal tissues of rats.

Results

Intragastric injection of nanoceria prevents activation of proteolytic processes, reducing the catabolism of glycoproteins and proteoglycans of periodontal tissue in MSG-induced obese rats. Injection of nanoceria prevents activation of proteolytic processes, significantly decreases the total proteolytic activity, and inhibits the activation of free radical oxidation in periodontal tissues of rats compared with MSG-induced obesity model without corrections. Further, it significantly increases the total antitrypsin activity in periodontal tissues by 1.7 times, TBA-reagents by 1.7 times, and content of OMB by 1.4 times compared with glutamate-induced obese animals.

Conclusions

MSG-induced obesity triggers periodontal tissue alterations in the rat model. Nanoceria contributes to the corrections of pathological changes in periodontal tissues in glutamate-induced obese rats via balancing protein-inhibitory capacity and reducing the depolymerization of fucosylated proteins and proteoglycans and antioxidative activity.
Relations between harsh discipline from teachers, perceived teacher support, and bullying victimization among high school students
Authors: Banzon‐Librojo Lorelie Ann , Garabiles Melissa R. , Alampay Liane Peña
Published: March 2017

This study examined how the experience of harsh discipline from teachers is related to students' experience of bullying victimization in a Philippine high school. Respondents were 401 first‐ to fourth‐year high school students of an urban public school in the Philippines. Using structural equation modeling, a hypothesized model with direct associations between harsh discipline and bullying victimization, and an indirect path via students' perception of teacher support, was tested. The data adequately fit the model and showed that experiences of harsh teacher discipline predicted higher bullying victimization and students' negative perception of teacher support. There were no significant indirect effects. The findings suggest that school discipline strategies may have repercussions on students' behaviors and relationships, highlighting the teacher's role in modeling and setting norms for acceptable behaviors. Future studies can examine further how teachers' harsh or positive discipline behaviors relate to bullying.
The eIF3a Arg803Lys genetic polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to and chemoradiotherapy efficacy in cervical carcinoma
Authors: Xu Jia‐Zhen , Wen Fang , Wang Xian‐Rong
Published: March 2017

We aimed to explore the correlations between eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, subunit A (eIF3a) polymorphisms and susceptibility to and chemoradiotherapy efficacy in cervical carcinoma. Between August 2007 and August 2011, 176 patients with cervical carcinoma were enrolled as the case group, and 180 healthy individuals were selected as the control group. eIF3a Arg803Lys C>T genotypes were detected by hemi‐nested polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism. All patients received chemoradiotherapy and were evaluated for efficacy. Compared with carriers of the CC genotype, carriers of the T genotype of the eIF3a Arg803Lys C>T polymorphism had a higher risk of cervical carcinoma. The eIF3a Arg803Lys C>T polymorphism was associated with tumor size, differentiation degree, Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, and lymph node metastasis (LNM). The overall response rate of the case group was 69.32% (122/176). The response rate of CC genotype carriers was higher compared to patients with the CT+TT genotypes. Binary‐logistic regression analysis showed that tumor size, FIGO stage, LNM, and the eIF3a Arg803Lys C>T polymorphism were influencing factors for chemoradiotherapy efficacy. Univariate analysis revealed that age, eIF3a Arg803Lys C>T polymorphism, differentiation degree, FIGO stage, and LNM were prognostic factors of cervical carcinoma, and multivariate analysis showed that age ≥ 60 years, higher FIGO stage, and LNM, as well as the CT and TT genotypes of the eIF3a Arg803Lys C>T polymorphism, were risk factors related to the prognosis of cervical carcinoma. The eIF3a Arg803Lys C>T polymorphism is connected with a higher susceptibility to cervical carcinoma and may affect chemoradiotherapy efficacy in and prognosis of cervical carcinoma.
Freud in Cambridge
Authors: Forrester John , Cameron Laura
Published: March 2017

Freud may never have set foot in Cambridge - that hub for the twentieth century's most influential thinkers and scientists - but his intellectual impact there in the years between the two World Wars was immense. This is a story that has long languished untold, buried under different accounts of the dissemination of psychoanalysis. John Forrester and Laura Cameron present a fascinating and deeply textured history of the ways in which a set of Freudian ideas about the workings of the human mind, sexuality and the unconscious, affected Cambridge men and women - from A. G. Tansley and W. H. R. Rivers to Bertrand Russell, Bernal, Strachey and Wittgenstein - shaping their thinking across a range of disciplines, from biology to anthropology, and from philosophy to psychology, education and literature. Freud in Cambridge will be welcomed as a major intervention by literary scholars, historians and all readers interested in twentieth-century intellectual and scientific life.
Politics in the Roman Republic
Authors: Mouritsen Henrik
Published: March 2017

The politics of the Roman Republic has in recent decades been the subject of intense debate, covering issues such as the degree of democracy and popular influence, 'parties' and ideology, politics as public ritual, and the character of Rome's political culture. This engaging book examines all these issues afresh, and presents an original synthesis of Rome's political institutions and practices. It begins by explaining the development of the Roman constitution over time before turning to the practical functioning of the Republic, focusing particularly on the role of the populus Romanus and the way its powers were expressed in the popular assemblies. Henrik Mouritsen concludes by exploring continuity and change in Roman politics as well as the process by which the republican system was eventually replaced by monarchy. This original and readable book will be important for all students and scholars of Roman history and of politics in general.
International Criminal Tribunals
Authors: May Larry , Fyfe Shannon
Published: March 2017

In the last two decades there has been a meteoric rise of international criminal tribunals and courts and also a strengthening chorus of critics against them. Today it is hard to find strong defenders of international criminal tribunals and courts. This book attempts such a defense against an array of critics. It offers a nuanced defense, accepting many criticisms but arguing that the idea of international criminal tribunals can be defended as providing the fairest way to deal with mass atrocity crimes in a global arena. Fairness and moral legitimacy will be at the heart of this defense. The authors take up the economic and political arguments that have been powerfully expressed, as well as arguments about sovereignty, punishment, responsibility, and evidence; but in the end they show that these arguments do not defeat the idea of international criminal courts and tribunals.
Periodic domains of quasiregular maps
Authors: NICKS DANIEL A. , SIXSMITH DAVID J.
Published: March 2017

We consider the iteration of quasiregular maps of transcendental type from$\mathbb{R}^{d}$to$\mathbb{R}^{d}$. We give a bound on the rate at which the iterates of such a map can escape to infinity in a periodic component of the quasi-Fatou set. We give examples which show that this result is the best possible. Under an additional hypothesis, which is satisfied by all uniformly quasiregular maps, this bound can be improved to be the same as those in a Baker domain of a transcendental entire function. We construct a quasiregular map of transcendental type from$\mathbb{R}^{3}$to$\mathbb{R}^{3}$with a periodic domain in which all iterates tend locally uniformly to infinity. This is the first example of such behaviour in a dimension greater than two. Our construction uses a general result regarding the extension of bi-Lipschitz maps. In addition, we show that there is a quasiregular map of transcendental type from$\mathbb{R}^{3}$to$\mathbb{R}^{3}$which is equal to the identity map in a half-space.
Hyperbolicity versus weak periodic orbits inside homoclinic classes
Authors: WANG XIAODONG
Published: March 2017

We prove that, for$C^{1}$-generic diffeomorphisms, if the periodic orbits contained in a homoclinic class$H(p)$have all their Lyapunov exponents bounded away from zero, then$H(p)$must be (uniformly) hyperbolic. This is in the spirit of the works on the stability conjecture, but with a significant difference that the homoclinic class$H(p)$is not known isolated in advance, hence the ‘weak’ periodic orbits created by perturbations near the homoclinic class have to be guaranteed strictly inside the homoclinic class. In this sense the problem is of an ‘intrinsic’ nature, and the classical proof of the stability conjecture does not work. In particular, we construct in the proof several perturbations which are not simple applications of the connecting lemmas.
On the irregular points for systems with the shadowing property
Authors: DONG YIWEI , OPROCHA PIOTR , TIAN XUETING
Published: March 2017

We prove that when $f$ is a continuous self-map acting on a compact metric space $(X,d)$ that satisfies the shadowing property, then the set of irregular points (i.e., points with divergent Birkhoff averages) has full entropy. Using this fact, we prove that, in the class of $C^{0}$-generic maps on manifolds, we can only observe (in the sense of Lebesgue measure) points with convergent Birkhoff averages. In particular, the time average of atomic measures along orbits of such points converges to some Sinai–Ruelle–Bowen-like measure in the weak$^{\ast }$ topology. Moreover, such points carry zero entropy. In contrast, irregular points are non-observable but carry infinite entropy.
Inner amenability, property Gamma, McDuff factors and stable equivalence relations
Authors: DEPREZ TOBE , VAES STEFAAN
Published: March 2017

We say that a countable group $G$ is McDuff if it admits a free ergodic probability measure preserving action such that the crossed product is a McDuff $\text{II}_{1}$ factor. Similarly, $G$ is said to be stable if it admits such an action with the orbit equivalence relation being stable. The McDuff property, stability, inner amenability and property Gamma are subtly related and several implications and non-implications were obtained in Effros [Property $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$ and inner amenability. Proc. Amer. Math. Soc.47 (1975), 483–486], Jones and Schmidt [Asymptotically invariant sequences and approximate finiteness. Amer. J. Math.109 (1987), 91–114], Vaes [An inner amenable group whose von Neumann algebra does not have property Gamma. Acta Math.208 (2012), 389–394], Kida [Inner amenable groups having no stable action. Geom. Dedicata173 (2014), 185–192] and Kida [Stability in orbit equivalence for Baumslag–Solitar groups and Vaes groups. Groups Geom. Dyn.9 (2015), 203–235]. We complete the picture with the remaining implications and counterexamples.
Strawberry and cranberry polyphenols improve insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant, non-diabetic adults: a parallel, double-blind, controlled and randomised clinical trial
Authors: Paquette Martine , Medina Larqué Ana S. , Weisnagel S. J. , Desjardins Yves , Marois Julie , Pilon Geneviève , Dudonné Stéphanie , Marette André , Jacques Hélène
Published: March 2017

Plant-derived foods rich in polyphenols are associated with several cardiometabolic health benefits, such as reduced postprandial hyperglycaemia. However, their impact on whole-body insulin sensitivity using the hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp technique remains under-studied. We aimed to determine the effects of strawberry and cranberry polyphenols (SCP) on insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, insulin secretion, lipid profile, inflammation and oxidative stress markers in free-living insulin-resistant overweight or obese human subjects (n 41) in a parallel, double-blind, controlled and randomised clinical trial. The experimental group consumed an SCP beverage (333 mg SCP) daily for 6 weeks, whereas the Control group received a flavour-matched Control beverage that contained 0 mg SCP. At the beginning and at the end of the experimental period, insulin sensitivity was assessed by a hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp, and glucose tolerance and insulin secretion by a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Insulin sensitivity increased in the SCP group as compared with the Control group (+0·9 (sem 0·5)×10−3v. −0·5 (sem 0·5)×10−3 mg/kg per min per pmol, respectively, P=0·03). Compared with the Control group, the SCP group had a lower first-phase insulin secretion response as measured by C-peptide levels during the first 30 min of the OGTT (P=0·002). No differences were detected between the two groups for lipids and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. A 6-week dietary intervention with 333 mg of polyphenols from strawberries and cranberries improved insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese non-diabetic, insulin-resistant human subjects but was not effective in improving other cardiometabolic risk factors.
The British Academy Brian Barry Prize Essay: Can Religious Norms Undermine Effective Property Rights?: Evidence from Inheritance Rights of Widows in Colonial India
Authors: Kulkarni Parashar
Published: March 2017

Religious norms can undermine the effects of property rights institutions. Districts in colonial India that provided widows with rights to inherit the joint-family property of their deceased husband had significantly higher widow immolations than districts that did not. Religious elites (Brahmins) burnt disproportionately more widows, and widow immolations were higher in regions with a higher density of religious elites. The findings indicate that egalitarianism requires egalitarians. Elite norms embedded in religion can mediate the effects of property rights and lead to negative consequences.
Feeding byLeucopis argenticollisandLeucopis piniperda(Diptera: Chamaemyiidae) from the western USA onAdelges tsugae(Hemiptera: Adelgidae) in the eastern USA
Authors: Motley K. , Havill N.P. , Arsenault-Benoit A.L. , Mayfield A.E. , Ott D.S. , Ross D. , Whitmore M.C. , Wallin K.F.
Published: March 2017

Leucopis argenticollis(Zetterstedt) andLeucopis piniperda(Malloch) are known to feed on the lineage ofAdelges tsugaeAnnand that is native to western North America, but it is not known if they will survive on the lineage that was introduced from Japan to the eastern USA. In 2014, westernLeucopisspp. larvae were brought to the laboratory and placed onA. tsugaecollected in either Washington (North AmericanA. tsugaelineage) or Connecticut (Japanese lineage). There were no significant differences in survival or developmental times between flies reared on the two different adelgid lineages. In 2015 and 2016, westernLeucopisspp. adults were released at two different densities onto enclosed branches ofA. tsugaeinfested eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis(L.) Carr.) in Tennessee and New York. Cages were recovered and their contents examined 4 weeks after release at each location.Leucopisspp. larvae and puparia of the F1 generation were recovered at both release locations and adults of the F1 generation were collected at the Tennessee location. The number ofLeucopisspp. offspring collected increased with increasing adelgid density, but did not differ by the number of adult flies released. Flies recovered from cages and flies collected from the source colony were identified asL.argenticollisandL. piniperdausing DNA barcoding. These results demonstrate thatLeucopisspp. from the Pacific Northwest are capable of feeding and developing to the adult stage onA. tsugaein the eastern USA and they are able to tolerate environmental conditions during late spring and early summer at the southern and northern extent of the area invaded byA. tsugaein the eastern USA.
POLYBIUS’ VOCABULARY OF WORLD DOMINATION: τῶν ὅλων AND ἡ oἰκουμένη
Authors: Groves Joseph
Published: March 2017

Polybius uses two terms to describe the extent of Roman power, ἡ οἰκουμένη (‘the inhabited world’) and τῶν ὅλων (‘the whole’), in his account of Rome's rise to hegemony over the Mediterranean. Scholars and translators have treated these two terms as essentially identical, yet this erases a subtle distinction in Polybius’ language. While ἡ οἰκουμένη occurs in a variety of cases, τῶν ὅλων is always in the genitive plural, regularly paired with some noun such as ἀρχή (‘rule’), δυναστεῖα (‘power’), or ἐπιβολή (‘attempt’). Polybius uses the less precise expression, τῶν ὅλων, to refer to objects of the Romans’ own ambitions; ἡ οἰκουμένη describes either the extent of Roman power or the goal towards which fortune, τύχη, directs world events. Polybius does not deny that the Romans, like most ancient states, acted aggressively. However, by not using the more exact term to describe Roman aims, he qualifies their agency, making their expansionist tendency an insufficient explanation of their hegemony over the Mediterranean. Moreover, these same passages lack the rich vocabulary that Polybius used to describe deliberation and planning. This re-evaluation of key programmatic passages suggests that they have been over-interpreted in the search for Polybius’ verdict on Roman imperialism.
ROME AT SEA: THE BEGINNINGS OF ROMAN NAVAL POWER
Authors: Harris W. V.
Published: March 2017

Between the Battle of Mylae in 260bc(when Rome defeated Carthage off the north coast of Sicily) and the Battle of Myonnesus in 190 (when Rome defeated the Seleucid navy off the west coast of Asia Minor), the Romans established naval domination over the whole Mediterranean. Scholars generally believe, for quite good reasons, that this process of naval aggrandisement began abruptly, the Romans having previously taken no interest in the sea. That, after all, is what Polybius quite clearly says.
A JOURNEY TO THE AFTERLIFE UNDER THE PROTECTION OF THE MISTRESS OF NAVIGATION: A ‘NEW’ FUNERARY BELIEF FROM ROMAN MEMPHIS
Authors: Ortiz-García Jónatan
Published: March 2017

The study of Egyptian personal religiosity during the third centuryadpresents an interesting opportunity to explore the processes of cultural encounters between Egypt and the Roman Empire. The religious situation was more complicated and variegated than the textual evidence seems to suggest; sometimes one becomes aware of the existence of certain beliefs only through their iconographic record. For this reason, decorated stelae, coffins, and mummy wrappings are crucial materials for research into questions of religious exchange. This article presents the case of a third-centuryadshroud from Memphis painted with a woman's portrait and funerary scenes, along with a representation of Isisnavigans.
Greek History
Authors: Vlassopoulos Kostas
Published: March 2017

Mediterranean islands and their adjacent coastlands have long been the subject of a wide range of disciplines and discourses; from prehistory to late antiquity and beyond, the processes of imperial expansion, economic interconnectedness and cultural change have had a deep impact on their history. In recent decades the conceptual apparatus through which we study those processes has started to shift significantly. Earlier approaches influenced by nationalism and colonialism tended to adopt totalizing, top-down, and centre–periphery perspectives. The three volumes examined in this review are evidence that things are changing radically; but they also demonstrate the need for particular disciplines and subdisciplines to pay attention to each other. Though all three volumes focus on, or give major attention to, archaeological evidence, it is quite evident that prehistoric, classical, and late antique scholars follow distinctive scholarly traditions that could all benefit from more cross-fertilization.
General
Authors: Petrovic Ivana
Published: March 2017

If you have ever had a premonition, or if ever some inner voice has dissuaded you from a certain action, you might have noticed that this experience involves a different kind of knowledge than that preceded by an inference. We call it a ‘hunch’, an ‘intuition’, or a ‘gut feeling’; in the nineteenth century this particular subvolitional form of thinking was called ‘unconscious cerebration’, and modern cognitive science recognizes it as a specific type of cognition characterized by quick, pre-attentive, and preconscious processing – Daniel Kahneman's famous ‘thinking fast’. The most fascinating aspect of Peter Struck's book on divination is an attempt to distinguish the type of cognition it entailed. The book offers an insightful analysis of Plato's, Aristotle's, the Stoics’, and the Neoplatonists’ views on divination, concluding that they saw divination as ‘surplus insight’, a specific kind of cognition. Since ‘our ability to know exceeds our capacity to understand that ability’, ‘our cognitive selves are to some…degree mysterious to us…The messages that we receive from the world around us add up, sometimes in uncanny ways, to more than the sum of their parts’ (15). Struck argues that, in the ancient world, the process by which we arrive at such surplus knowledge was acculturated as divination. He focuses on the philosophers’ views and does not attempt to provide an analysis of the technical and practical side of divination, which was based on knowledge and skill (though it must have involved intuition to some degree as well), or of the popular views on divination. Nevertheless, his book will be very useful to those interested in the philosophical views on divination and in the cognitive history of intuition. Cognitive science has spurred several important recent studies in Greek religion and is continuing to provide a useful framework for conceptualizing ancient (and modern) religious thinking and behaviour.
General
Authors: Shorrock Robert
Published: March 2017

For those readers seeking an engaging general introduction to the classical world,The Ancient Worldby Jeremy Toner would make an excellent first port of call. It is part of a new (though hardly original) series of ‘Small Introductions to Big Topics’ which thus far includesPolitics, Art in History, andShakespeare. The book chooses to focus not on toga-clad Romans and gleaming marbles temples but on that ‘other’ ancient world filled with noise, colour, death, and disease, populated not primarily by emperors and poets but by the ‘silent’ majority of slaves and the freeborn poor. Despite the catch-all title, this is a book which is more obviously about the Roman than the Greek world. This is, however, a small grumble and Toner's enthusiasm for his subject is infectious. Of particular interest is the discussion of watermills and the generation of energy (71–6), comparison between the empires of Rome and China (104–18), and the way in which a ‘Rome-coloured vision’ from the medieval period up to the high-classical watermark of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries informed the West's perspective of, and engagement with, Islam (122–30). Illustrations are not abundant (and it is a shame not to have included a picture of the Vietnam Memorial discussed on pages 135–7), but they are decent enough, with several helpful maps of the Hellenistic and Roman worlds (with the seas – the Black Sea and Red Sea included – coloured pink – neatly complementing the book's presentation of a less-familiar-looking ancient world).
Comparing electronic recording with a diagrammatic template versus traditional handwritten recording of tympanomastoid procedures: third audit cycle of 95 cases
Authors: Fang S , Habeeb A , Gluckman P , Kanegoankar R
Published: March 2017

Background:

The middle ear and mastoid are complex three-dimensional structures and therefore tympanomastoid procedures require detailed documentation. Traditional written accounts can be inaccurate and difficult to interpret.

Methods:

This audit of 95 patients compares the completion of essential operative details using: an all-electronic version of a standardised proforma with a diagrammatic template, a non-electronic version with a diagrammatic template, and a traditional handwritten template.

Results:

The electronic template resulted in 81 per cent of essential operative items being recorded, compared to 78 per cent (p = 0.3) with a previous non-electronic template and 50 per cent (p = 0.0004) when using simple handwritten recording.

Conclusion:

An electronic proforma with a diagrammatic template improves the documentation and interpretation of tympanomastoid procedures compared to traditional handwritten records.
Intratympanic methylprednisolone perfusion as a salvage treatment for profound idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Dai Y , Lu L , Hou J , Yang X , Li H , Yang Y , She W
Published: March 2017

Objective:

This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of intratympanic methylprednisolone perfusion as salvage treatment for profound idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

Methods:

A retrospective clinical study of 97 patients with unilateral profound idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss was performed. In all, 83 patients who received salvage intratympanic methylprednisolone perfusion plus conventional treatment (except for steroids) as the second-line therapy were assigned to the study group, while 14 patients who received conventional treatment alone were assigned to the comparison group.

Results:

In the study group, treatments in patients with a shorter interval from disease onset to intratympanic methylprednisolone perfusion (up to 15 days) had significantly greater improvements in the overall effective rate and pure tone average compared with patients with a longer interval (over 15 days). For patients with a short interval from disease onset to intratympanic methylprednisolone perfusion, those in the study group had significantly greater improvements in the overall effective rate and pure tone average compared with those in the comparison group. In both the study and comparison groups, hearing improvements were greater at low frequencies than at medium and high frequencies.

Conclusion:

The interval from disease onset to intratympanic methylprednisolone perfusion was the major factor affecting hearing recovery. Early second-line salvage intratympanic methylprednisolone perfusion significantly improved the degree of hearing recovery in profound idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss patients after failure of systemic steroid treatment.
Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in pregnancy. Evaluation of latex–protein complexes by immnunoagglutination
Authors: PERETTI LEANDRO E. , GONZALEZ VERÓNICA D. G. , MARCIPAR IVÁN S. , GUGLIOTTA LUIS M.
Published: March 2017

The aim of this work was to obtain a reagent based on latex particles for ruling out acute toxoplasmosis in pregnant women by immunoagglutination (IA). Latex–protein complexes (LPC) were previously synthesized coupling the recombinant protein ofToxoplasma gondiiP22Ag and the homogenate of the parasite to latex particles with different size, chemical functionality and charge density. LPC were tested in IA assays against a panel of 72 pregnant women serum samples. Results were analysed through receiver operating characteristic curves, determining area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV, respectively). It was observed that the antigenicity of proteins was not affected during sensitization by either physical adsorption or covalent coupling. The best results in the sense of maximizing discrimination of low avidity sera from chronic ones were observed for the IA test based on latex particles with carboxyl functionality and the recombinant P22Ag, obtaining an AUC of 0·94, a sensitivity of 100% and a NPV of 100%. In this way, the proposed test could be useful for the toxoplasmosis diagnosis in pregnant women, with the advantages of being cheap, rapid and easy to be implemented.
Ruptures of affiliation: social isolation in assisted living for older people
Authors: PIRHONEN JARI , TIILIKAINEN ELISA , PIETILÄ ILKKA
Published: March 2017

Transfer from a private home to an assisted living facility has been pictured as a major change in an older person's life. Older people themselves tend to perceive the change as something eventual that breaks the bonds and familiarities of previous life. The aim of this article is to shed light on residents’ chances to reach affiliation (as Nussbaum defines it) in their new living surroundings, and thus adjust to that social environment. Based on ethnographical data gathered in a Finnish sheltered home in 2013–14, we studied residents’ affiliations through ruptures, namely residents’ perceived social isolation. Social isolation was found to be connected with two separate social worlds: the one inside the facility and the one outside. Social isolation resulted from different factors connected to the quality of social interaction with co-residents and the staff, daily routines of the institution and residents’ personal life histories. Also, residents’ older friends seemed to avoid visiting care facilities which caused perceived social isolation. This article deepens the insights into the perceived social isolation of assisted living and thus helps care providers to create new strategies to enable due affiliation for their residents.
Forty years of doing second language testing, curriculum, and research: So what?
Authors: Brown James Dean
Published: March 2017

I started out as a budding English as a second language (ESL) teacher in 1976 at UCLA where I went through the M.A. TESL (Teaching English as a Second Language) and Applied Linguistics Ph.D. programs. Sadly, those two programs were ‘disestablished’ in 2014, which provides a stark lesson to any departments that think they are hot stuff thatnothing lasts forever. Nonetheless, my training in those programs provided me with an excellent start down three professional paths: second language testing, curriculum development, and research methods.
Fuel Consumption Ratio Analysis for Transiting from Various Ports and Harbours in Asia through the Northern Sea Route
Authors: Chou Ming-Tao , Chou Tsung-Yu , Hsu Yu-Ru , Lu Chi-Pao
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this study is to determine the navigation efficiency for transiting from various ports in Asia and Rotterdam in Europe via the Northern Sea Route. Navigation efficiency was derived from fuel consumption ratios. Preliminary research results showed that fuel consumption and the amount of carbon dioxide emissions was reduced by transiting from various ports through the European Sea Route, and the navigation efficiencies of the various ports ranked in the following descending order: Yokohama - Busan - Shanghai - Kaohsiung - Hong Kong - Singapore. The higher the ratio was, the lower the navigation efficiency of using the Northern Sea Route, i.e. more fuel was consumed and travel costs were higher. In contrast, the lower the ratio was, the higher the navigation efficiency, i.e. less fuel was consumed and travel costs were lower. Recommendations were discussed in the study.
A historical introduction to the symmetries of magnetic structures. Part 1. Early quantum theory, neutron powder diffraction and the coloured space groups
Authors: Wills Andrew S.
Published: March 2017

This paper introduces the historical development of the symmetries for describing magnetic structures culminating in the derivation of the black and white and coloured space groups. Beginning from the Langevin model of the Curie law, it aims to show the challenges that magnetic ordering presented and how different symmetry frameworks were developed to meet them. As well as explaining core ideas, later papers will show how the different schemes are connected. With these goals in mind, the maths related is kept to the minimum required for clarity. Those wishing to learn more details are invited to engage with the references. As well as looking back and reviewing the development of magnetic symmetry over time, particular attention is spent on explaining where the concept oftime-reversalhas been applied. That time-reversal has different meaning in classical and quantum mechanical situations, has created confusions which continue to propagate.
Main features of QUALX2.0 software for qualitative phase analysis
Authors: Altomare Angela , Corriero Nicola , Cuocci Corrado , Falcicchio Aurelia , Moliterni Anna , Rizzi Rosanna
Published: March 2017

The phase identification of a polycrystalline mixture by X-ray powder diffraction data is often requested for studying materials interesting to different scientific and technological fields: chemistry, pharmaceutics, mineralogy, archeometry, forensic science, etc. The availability of user friendly computer programs, able to carry out qualitative phase analysis in efficient and possibly automatic way, is extremely useful to the scientific community involved in powder diffraction. QUALX2.0, the evolution of QUALX, is a freely distributed software for qualitative phase analysis. Based on the traditional search–match method, it is able to manage both a commercial database (PDF-2 maintained by ICDD), and a freely available database (POW_COD generated by the structure information contained in the Crystallography Open Database). QUALX2.0 is continuously improved in terms of computing and graphic tools. Correspondingly, the database POW_COD is suitably modified to make efficient the operations of search. The search–match approach can be facilitated by the use of restraints, when available, involving the chemical composition, the kind of compound(s) (e.g., organic, inorganic, etc.), the symmetry (space group, crystal system), the unit-cell parameters and/or volume, the crystal properties (measured and/or calculated crystal density, crystal color). An outline of the main features of QUALX2.0 and an example of application is described.
Frozen in Time: Orphans and Uncollected Objects in Museum Collections
Authors: Ulph Janet
Published: March 2017

The focus of this article is upon objects in museum collections where legal title is uncertain (“orphans”), where the owner is unknown (deposited objects), or where the owner cannot be found (uncollected loans). Museums may have little choice but to continue to care for these objects even where they are unsuitable to be retained within the permanent collections. It is argued that the current law in the United Kingdom prevents museums from managing their collections properly and rationalizing them where necessary. New legislation has been proposed that would assist Scottish museums. It is argued that all museums in the United Kingdom need new legislation that would enable them to manage their collections more effectively and to approach the review of collections and the disposal of unsuitable objects in a proper and balanced manner, acting for the benefit of the public.
Trajectories of child externalizing problems between ages 3 and 10 years: Contributions of children's early effortful control, theory of mind, and parenting experiences
Authors: Olson Sheryl L. , Choe Daniel Ewon , Sameroff Arnold J.
Published: March 2017

Preventing problem behavior requires an understanding of earlier factors that are amenable to intervention. The main goals of our prospective longitudinal study were to trace trajectories of child externalizing behavior between ages 3 and 10 years, and to identify patterns of developmentally significant child and parenting risk factors that differentiated pathways of problem behavior. Participants were 218 3-year-old boys and girls who were reassessed following the transition to kindergarten (age 5–6 years) and during the late school-age years (age 10). Mothers contributed ratings of children's externalizing behavior at all three time points. Children's self-regulation abilities and theory of mind were assessed during a laboratory visit, and parenting risk (frequent corporal punishment and low maternal warmth) was assessed using interview-based and questionnaire measures. Four developmental trajectories of externalizing behavior yielded the best balance of parsimony and fit with our longitudinal data and latent class growth analysis. Most young children followed a pathway marked by relatively low levels of symptoms that continued to decrease across the school-age years. Atypical trajectories marked chronically high, increasing, and decreasing levels of externalizing problems across early and middle childhood. Three-year-old children with low levels of effortful control were far more likely to show the chronic pattern of elevated externalizing problems than changing or low patterns. Early parental corporal punishment and maternal warmth, respectively, differentiated preschoolers who showed increasing and decreasing patterns of problem behavior compared to the majority of children. The fact that children's poor effortful regulation skills predicted chronic early onset problems reinforces the need for early childhood screening and intervention services.
Correlating Atom Probe Crystallographic Measurements with Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction Data
Authors: Breen Andrew J. , Babinsky Katharina , Day Alec C. , Eder K. , Oakman Connor J. , Trimby Patrick W. , Primig Sophie , Cairney Julie M. , Ringer Simon P.
Published: March 2017

Correlative microscopy approaches offer synergistic solutions to many research problems. One such combination, that has been studied in limited detail, is the use of atom probe tomography (APT) and transmission Kikuchi diffraction (TKD) on the same tip specimen. By combining these two powerful microscopy techniques, the microstructure of important engineering alloys can be studied in greater detail. For the first time, the accuracy of crystallographic measurements made using APT will be independently verified using TKD. Experimental data from two atom probe tips, one a nanocrystalline Al–0.5Ag alloy specimen collected on a straight flight-path atom probe and the other a high purity Mo specimen collected on a reflectron-fitted instrument, will be compared. We find that the average minimum misorientation angle, calculated from calibrated atom probe reconstructions with two different pole combinations, deviate 0.7° and 1.4°, respectively, from the TKD results. The type of atom probe and experimental conditions appear to have some impact on this accuracy and the reconstruction and measurement procedures are likely to contribute further to degradation in angular resolution. The challenges and implications of this correlative approach will also be discussed.