bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Survey of Accuracy Prediction on the PlantVillage Dataset using different ML techniques
Authors: Pandey Vaishnavi , Tripathi Utkarsh , Singh Vimal Kumar , Gaur Youvraj Singh , Gupta Deepak
Published: December 2023

A plant is susceptible to numerous illnesses while it is growing. The early detection of plant illnesses is one of the most serious problems in agriculture. Plant disease outbreaks may have a remarkable impact on crop yield, slowing the rate of the nation's economic growth. Early plant disease detection and treatment are possible using deep learning, computer-vision, and ML techniques. The methods used for the categorization of plant diseases even outperformed human performance and conventional image-processing-based methods. In this context, we review 48 works over the last five years that address problems with disease detection, dataset properties, the crops under study, and pathogens in various ways. The research results discussed in this paper, with a focus on work published between 2015 and 2023, demonstrate that among numerous techniques (MobileNetV2, K-Means+GLCM+SVM, Residual Teacher-Student CNN, SVM+K-Means+ANN, AlexNet, AlexNet with Learning from Scratch, AlexNet with Transfer Learning, VGG16, GoogleNet with Training from Scratch, GoogleNet with Transfer Learning) applied on the PlantVillage Dataset, the architecture AlexNet with Transfer Learning identified diseases with the highest accuracy.
Using Deep Learning and Machine Learning: Real-Time Discernment and Diagnostics of Rice-Leaf Diseases in Bangladesh
Authors: Khasim Syed , Rahat Irfan Sadiq , Ghosh Hritwik , Shaik Kareemulla , Panda Sujit Kumar
Published: December 2023

Bangladesh is heavily reliant on rice production, but a staggering annual decline of 37% in rice output due to insufficient knowledge in recognizing and managing rice plant diseases has raised concerns. As a result, there is a pressing need for a system that can accurately identify and control rice plant diseases automatically. CNNs have demonstrated their effectiveness in detecting plant diseases, thanks to their exceptional image classification capabilities. Nevertheless, research on rice plant disease identification remains scarce. This study offers a comprehensive overview of rice plant ailments and explores DL techniques used for their detection. By evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of various systems found in the literature, the study aims to identify the most accurate means of detecting and controlling rice plant diseases using DL techniques. We present a real-time detection and diagnostic system for rice lead diseases that utilizes ML methods. This system is designed to identify three prevalent rice plant diseases, specially leaf smut, bacterial leaf blight and brown spot diseases. Clear images of affected rice leaves against a white background serve as input data for the system. To train the dataset, several ML algorithms were employed including KNN, Naive Bayes, J48 and Logistic Regression. Following the pre-processing stage, the decision tree algorithm demonstrated an accurateness of over 97% when claimed to test dataset. In conclusion, implementing an automated system that leverages ML techniques is vital for reducing the time and labor required for detecting and managing rice plant diseases. Such a system would contribute significantly to ensuring the healthy growth of rice plants in Bangladesh, ultimately boosting the nation’s rice production.
Min-max harmonic maps and a new characterization of conformal eigenvalues
Authors: Karpukhin Mikhail , Stern Daniel
Published: December 2023

Given a surface

M

and a fixed conformal class

c

one defines

\Lambda_{k}(M,c)

to be the supremum of the

k

-th nontrivial Laplacian eigenvalue over all metrics

g\in c

of unit volume. It has been observed by Nadirashvili that the metrics achieving

\Lambda_{k}(M,c)

are closely related to harmonic maps to spheres. In the present paper, we identify

\Lambda_{1}(M,c)

and

\Lambda_{2}(M,c)

with min-max quantities associated to the energy functional for sphere-valued maps. As an application, we obtain several new eigenvalue bounds, including a sharp isoperimetric inequality for the first two Steklov eigenvalues. This characterization also yields an alternative proof of the existence of maximal metrics realizing

\Lambda_{1}(M,c)

,

\Lambda_{2}(M,c)

, and moreover allows us to obtain a regularity theorem for maximal Radon measures satisfying a natural compactness condition.
Die disruptive Kraft in klassenräumen oder über die KI-unterstützten Tools beim Fremdsprachenlehren und -lernen
Authors: Jazbec Saša
Published: December 2023

The article discusses Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a disruptive power, i.e., a power that – as the dictionary SSKJ states – “because of its otherness, its visionary conception in relation to the status quo, acts boldly and unexpectedly”. At the beginning of the paper, the theoretical background of AI tools is presented, along with some examples of the potential and problems of their use in foreign language teaching. The use of AI-powered tools in foreign language teaching must be thoroughly considered, researched, and regulated at national and supranational levels – e.g., the ethical aspects of using AI in teaching, intellectual property, data protection, and the actual impact of AI-assisted learning. Beyond these challenges, it is worth highlighting, exploring, and, above all, exploiting the potential of AI-based tools and the potential and constructive use of these tools in and for foreign language teaching. In the second part of the paper, the selected AI-based tools suitable for foreign language teaching are briefly presented and analysed through a use case. The advantages and disadvantages of these tools and their use for language learning, chatbots (including ChatGPT), AI-based tools for writing and text proofreading (grammar and spelling), and machine translation tools are illustrated using examples. Despite the advantages, disadvantages, and problems that the use of AI-powered tools entails, the paper aims to highlight their benefits and potential with regard to optimizing users’ — i.e., teachers and learners – time, and, above all, we want to encourage their constructive use.
Čudesna putovanja ka pupku sveta: Produktivno-performativna didaktika književnosti na (nemačkom kao) stranom jeziku
Authors: Retelj Andreja
Published: December 2023

Znanstvena monografija Čudesna putovanja ka pupku sveta: Produktivno-performativna didaktika književnosti na (nemačkom kao) stranom jeziku Marine Petrović Jülich predstavlja plod avtoričinega dolgoletnega raziskovanja in neumornega prizadevanja, da bi približala nemško literaturo študentkam in študentom germanistike ter jih spodbudila k razmišljanju in odkrivanju lepote besedil v originalu. Avtorica z delom temeljito pretresa utečene in tradicionalne pristope poučevanja literature, ki so in še vedno zaznamujejo visokošolski prostor v Srbiji in drugod, ter išče nove možnosti in modele poučevanja znotraj visokošolske didaktike literature.
Factores psicosociales relacionados con el estrés laboral en el personal operativo de la mina Tocadulomo de Santa Rosa- Ecuador
Authors: Jiménez Espinoza Cristina Pauleth , Silva Caicedo Rommel Fernando
Published: December 2023

Los factores de riesgo psicosocial son aquellas condiciones relacionadas directamente con los aspectos organizacionales, contenido del trabajo y realización de tareas. Estos riesgos conllevan al estrés laboral y otros problemas de seguridad laboral. El objetivo fue determinar los factores psicosociales y su relación con estrés laboral en el personal operativo de la compañía minera Tocadulomo de la provincia de El Oro-Ecuador mediante el cuestionario CoPsoQ-istas21 (versión media). El diseño fue no experimental, correlacional, cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal, se aplicó en una población de 60 trabajadores. Entre los resultados, características sociodemográficas, sexo masculino en el 100%, grupo etario de 31 a 45 años con el 65% y puesto de operaciones en el 43,3%; los factores psicosociales más desfavorables, exigencias cuantitativas en 90%, doble presencia en 90%, ritmo de trabajo con 86,7%, exigencias emocionales con 86,7% y conflicto de rol con 86,7%; prevalencia de estrés laboral en el 35,6%; y los factores psicosociales relacionados al estrés laboral corresponden a exigencias psicológicas en el trabajo, el conflicto trabajo-familia, el control sobre el trabajo y el capital social (p=< 0.05). Se concluyó que existe relación de los riesgos psicosociales con el estrés laboral por ello se recomienda el desarrollo de estrategias para la mitigación de estos factores.
Fomentar el uso responsable de las redes sociales en estudiantes de décimo grado de la Unidad Educativa “La Concordia”
Authors: Rivera Ibarra Brandon Vinicio , Saltos Reyna Melissa Estefanía , Jara Mieles Juliana Estefanía , Vélez Vera Evelin Katherine
Published: December 2023

En la presente investigación se implementa una estrategia metodológica dirigido al curso de 10mo “B” de la Unidad Educativa “La Concordia” con un total de 35 estudiantes y 10 autoridades, para incentivar el correcto uso de las redes sociales, teniendo como objetivo principal instruirlos o direccionarlos acerca de este tema y el tener la supervisión adecuada por parte de padres de familia y a la vez el personal docente de la institución donde se están formando dichos estudiantes, logrando así que los adolescentes comprendan el buen uso del internet como sus beneficios, ventajas, desventajas y riesgos. Dentro de éste proyecto se aplicó distintos métodos como el deductivo y el inductivo en el que se implementó diferentes tipos de investigación utilizando la observación y las encuestas, las cuales son factores importantes para llegar al resultado esperado dentro de la investigación.
The Impact of ‘WEBTOON’ as a Digital Reading Tool for EFL High School Students
Authors: Guartazaca Tacuri Mónica Daniela
Published: December 2023

After the pandemic, a palpable learning loss in the classrooms was left while more technological learners and teachers were born. It has led us to seek digital strategies to keep students engaged in the classrooms and one of these is the use of Webtoon. It has been widely gaining attention for its simple but fun interface in the generation Z, besides having different genres, themes, and panels with drawings that can engage users to keep reading in their leisure time. In the following qualitative study, the perspectives of high school students from UEPSMA (Unidad Educativa Particular Salesianas María Auxiliadora) in Cuenca were analyzed. Using three action research cycles with a qualitative method, they engaged in three pop quizzes and a final Google Forms survey at the end of the third. Results showed that students found Webtoon’s illustrations and vocabulary satisfying, and they continued reading because of the plot and the illustrations. Their open-ended questions also highlighted how content the majority were at using a digital reading tool in the classroom, boosting their English reading motivation.
СОЦИАЛНИТЕ МЕДИИ – КЛЮЧОВ ФАКТОР В ПОЛИТИЧЕСКАТА РЕКЛАМА
Authors:   Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen, Петрова Лили
Published: December 2023

Social networks such as Facebook, Instagram, X, Tik-Tok, etc., as well as alternative channels for communication, marketing and dissemination of information such as Whatsapp, Telegram, Viber, etc. create comfortable conditions for holding various events, campaigns, rapid promotion of political messages, promotion of new political formations and individual subjects. At the same time, the online environment is extremely convenient for filtering information, propaganda, spreading misinformation and fake news. The quality and credibility of information, among the mass reader and consumer, is displaced by sensationalism and the feeling of news "saturation".
ИМАТ ЛИ БЛАГОРОДНИЧЕСКО ПОТЕКЛО ПОТОМЦИТЕ НА ДИНАСТИЯТА ВЕНТИМИЛЯ?
Authors:   Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen, Спитери Светлана
Published: December 2023

This article explores the Vintimiglia dynasty and the noble lineage of its descendants in particular. In the process of describing and analysing the genealogical branches, specific details of the family history are revealed, both of the entire family and of its individual members. Special attention is paid to the important descendants who raised the family prestige to the highest circles of the European Medieval aristocracy.
ШУМЕНЦИ, ВЪЗПИТАНИЦИ НА КИЕВСКИ УЧЕБНИ ЗАВЕДЕНИЯ (1878-1912 г.)
Authors:   Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen, Ангелова Росица
Published: December 2023

The article focuses on residents of Shumen who graduated from Kyiv educational institutions in the period 1878-1912. After the Liberation, 12 young men and women from Shumen studied in Kiev. The largest number of them studied dentistry – 5/ Anika Sp. Kusheva, Yordanka Kaldaramova, Nevena Slavova, Dosya Yanakieva, Andrey Sermov/. One of them, Iliya P. Dyugmedzhiev, studied at a military school, Svetlana Todorova studied pedagogy, three other studied medicine /Drumi V. Drumev, Dimitar S. Stamatov, Pavel P. Hristov/, two choose theology – Preslav Dobroplodni and Ivan P. Zlatarov. The paper discusses the significance of the city of Kiev for the formation of Bulgarian intelligentsia after the Liberation. It should be noted that Shumen residents were included in the medical group that laid the foundations of Bulgarian dentistry, obstetrics and gynecology. Voynikova and Dobroplodni contributed to the development of Bulgarian pedagogy and journalism with their periodicals. All Shumen youth, albeit for a short time, returned to their native Shumen, but then decided to share their knowledge and experience on a national level and thus contributed to the modernization of the Third Bulgarian State, being in no way inferior to the Western European graduates in their realization.
Avaliação de atividades educativas-curativas em saúde bucal realizadas em escolares do Ensino Fundamental de Marialva, Paraná
Authors: Inagaki Jaqueline Mary , Uchida Tânia Harumi , Umeda Josely Emiko , Bergamasco Patrícia , Fujimaki Mitsue
Published: December 2023

As atividades educativas e curativas são ações necessárias para o controle e prevenção da cárie dentária entre os escolares. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a prevalência de cárie, hábitos deletérios, más-oclusões e resultados das ações curativas realizadas pela equipe de saúde bucal em escolares do município de Marialva/Pr. Os estudantes, lotados em uma escola municipal, foram submetidos ao exame clínico, preenchimento de odontograma inicial aplicando-se os índices CPO-D, ceo-d e ICDAS II. Os tratamentos realizados na escola consistiam em aplicação de verniz fluoretado, selantes, tratamentos restauradores atraumáticos e atividades educativas. Participaram do estudo 77 escolares de 5 a 12 anos, destes 33,7% encontravam-se livres da doença. A média total de dentes cariados foi de 1,29, o índice de ceo-d foi de 2,62 e o índice de CPO-D foi de 1,97. O código referente ao ICDAS II com maior prevalência foi o código 6, enquanto o código 4 foi o de menor prevalência. Ademais, 29,8% dos escolares possuíam algum tipo de hábito deletério e 45,4% apresentavam algum tipo de má oclusão. Assim, intervenções educativas e curativas, realizadas nos escolares foram efetivas, mostrando-se alta resolutividade. Além de conscientizar sobre a importância dos hábitos saudáveis, pontos importantes para a manutenção da saúde bucal.
Análise dos parâmetros de qualidade da água do rio Catu em Alagoinhas-BA
Authors: Santana Santos Souza Liliane , Santos ´Crisliane Aparecida Pereira dos , Matos Mara Rojane
Published: December 2023

A contaminação dos rios se dá, principalmente, pelo despejo de esgotos residenciais e de efluentes das indústrias. Com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade das águas do rio Catu, este trabalho baseia-se no Índice de Qualidade das Águas (IQA) adaptado, que incorpora 14 parâmetros, além da temperatura. Dos parâmetros físico-químicos escolhidos, analisaram-se pH, DBO, nitrogênio total, material sedimentável e turbidez. Além destes foram avaliados o odor, a presença de espuma, lixo, coliformes totais e outros bioindicadores nos meses de abril e agosto de 2022, em seis pontos, a partir da nascente, antes e depois de percorrer o perímetro urbano. Ressalta-se que: os pontos 1 e 5 estão fora do perímetro urbano; 2, 4 e 6 estão próximos de algumas moradias e indústrias e o ponto 3 se localiza no centro comercial da cidade. A classificação da qualidade da água se dá pela contagem dos pontos atribuídos a cada parâmetro. Assim, os pontos de melhor qualidade foram o P1 e P6. Os parâmetros que mais interferiram na qualidade da água do rio Catu foram a temperatura, turbidez, OD e DBO, principalmente no ponto P3, considerado o de pior qualidade, mediante os parâmetros analisados, sobretudo quanto à DBO, OD, temperatura e turbidez. Espera-se com este estudo, poder auxiliar na tomada de decisões, quanto à escolha de estratégias para revitalização do rio Catu, mediante a criação e execução de programas e ou projetos de monitoramento do IQA, durante os diferentes períodos climáticos do ano.
O uso do objeto de aprendizagem HagáQuê na produção de histórias em quadrinhos de estudantes surdos
Authors: SANTOS DILMA PEREIRA DOS , GITAHY RAQUEL ROSAN CHRISTINO , Terçariol Adriana Aparecida de Lima , Ribeiro Sandra Fogaça Rosa
Published: December 2023

Este artigo teve como principal objetivo analisar a aplicabilidade de tecnologias digitais de informação e comunicação, especialmente, do objeto de aprendizagem (AO) HagáQuê, no ensino da Língua Portuguesa junto à estudantes surdos no desenvolvimento da leitura e escrita. A pesquisa foi de natureza qualitativa e realizou-se em uma escola situada em Foz do Iguaçu (PR), com quatro estudantes surdos de uma quarta série do ensino fundamental. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se observação e coleta documental proveniente da produção textual dos estudantes. Como principais resultados, compreendeu-se que investir na produção de textos como histórias em quadrinhos com uso de tecnologias como o HagáQuê possibilita criar oportunidades para produção escrita, de forma lúdica e efetiva, especialmente na alfabetização de estudantes surdos que possuem uma linguagem própria.
Improving Project Budgeting Systems by Developing Machine Learning Models
Authors: Masry Hashala Ahmed , Andrews Kate
Published: December 2023

The lack of an efficient budgeting system makes it more difficult for a business to satisfactorily execute projects or gain new business. To improve the accuracy of budgeting using the classical approach, a dynamic system is required. Building dynamic systems that apply machine learning techniques can support companies in improving their budgeting system. This quantitative study built five machine learning regression models: multiple linear regression, artificial neural network, support vector machine, k-nearest neighbors, and random forest. The five built models were used to predict the closing costs of 552 industrial automation projects that were carried out in Africa and the Middle East. Using root mean square error, the model forecast precision was compared to that of the classical system. The outcome shows that there is a significant difference between machine learning models and classical systems. Therefore, the use of machine learning techniques can improve the accuracy for businesses of their budgeting system.
The Influence of English Usage on Facebook and Personality Traits on Learning Achievement
Authors: Seng Sothea
Published: December 2023

Facebook’s rising popularity has inspired academics and teachers to investigate its potential as a setting for learning in diverse subject areas. Personality traits are crucial for foreign language learning. This small-scale quantitative study aimed to determine the possible effects of Cambodian university students’ Big Five personality traits and English usage on Facebook on their English achievement referring to the scores the participants attained through English macro skills (speaking, writing, listening, and reading). The samples were 41 English as a Foreign Language (EFL) juniors at a private university. The sole research instrument was a questionnaire, classified into two sections. The first was the adopted English Usage on Facebook Inventory for Language Learning developed by Kao and Craigie (2014), and the second was the Big Five Inventory (John & Srivastava, 1999). The findings revealed that English usage on Facebook was positively associated with only two personality traits: agreeableness and openness. However, the variables, including the five kinds of personality traits and Facebook usage of English, did not significantly predict English achievement.
Pengaruh Integrated Marketing Communication Terhadap Citra Perusahaan Ortuseight
Authors: Muhammad Haidul Fikri  , Sa’diyah El Adawiyah
Published: December 2023

Business competition between sports brands is very tight. There is intense competition between brands in Indonesia, for this reason each brand creates a strategy for its brand, such as Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC). In the business world, Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) is one of the strategies that is the most important point for creating integrated marketing communications in order to attract consumers and build an image. As is done by the local brand, Ortuseight. The theory used is integrated marketing communication which includes advertising, sales promotion, personal selling, public relations, direct and digital marketing, and company image which includes personality, reputation, values/ethics, corporate identity. The approach used in this research is quantitative, using a survey method. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires via Google Form, which were distributed to 60 Instagram followers @sd_3sport, and sampling was carried out randomly. The results of this research show that the influence of Integrated Marketing Communication, all respondents answered agree, and the influence of Integrated Marketing Communication on Company Image, all respondents answered agree. From all the Y variable statements in the research questionnaire, the magnitude of the influence of Integrated Marketing Communication has a strong relationship of 0.864 to the company image of Instagram followers @sd_3sport with a percentage of Integrated Marketing Communication of 74.6% and the remaining 25.4% is influenced by other factors
Pengaruh Terpaan Media Live Shopping Tiktok Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian @theoriginote
Authors: Wirawan Akbar  , Velda Ardia Murdiana
Published: December 2023

The Originote is a skincare brand that was founded in 2022 and the product that made this brand boom is its moisturizer. This research aims to identify the influence of exposure to determine purchasing decisions for The Originote as a new skincare brand. where this research uses quantitative methods which are accompanied by data collection techniques using structured questionnaires and assisted by documentation as complementary evidence. The aim of this research is to measure the influence of exposure to TikTok live shopping media on purchasing decisions. And how much influence it has. The theory used in this research is Media Exposure theory which includes Frequency, Attention and Duration, as well as purchasing decision theory which includes problem recognition, information search, alternative evaluation, purchasing decisions, and post-purchase behavior. This research uses a quantitative approach and survey research methods. The data collection technique was carried out by distributing questionnaires to 90 predetermined respondents. Sampling used a simple random sampling technique (lottery technique). This research is shown by the average value of respondents' answers for variable (X) of 4.305. This value is classified as high (agree) and the average respondent's answer for the variable (Y) is also classified as high (agree) at 4.36. The quite large influence of media exposure and purchasing decisions can also be seen in the correlation (R) value of 0.833 which is quite high and the R Square value of 0.694 or 69.4% is influential, while the remaining 30.6% is influenced by other factors.
Pengaruh Tayangan Komedi Lapor Pak! terhadap Loyalitas Menonton Program di Trans7
Authors: Ridwan Allam Zhafarry  , Amin Shabana
Published: December 2023

One of the reality shows that recently appeared on Trans 7 is the Comedy Show Lapor Pak. The program stars well-known comedians in Indonesia, set in a police station and packed with comedy about criminal cases, current issues and celebrity gossip. A way of delivering that invites laughter for the audience. The aim of this research is to measure the comedy show Lapor Pak on Trans 7, viewing loyalty, and how much influence the comedy show Lapor Pak has on viewing loyalty. Sampling used Non Probability Sampling Technique with a sample of 89 people. The data analysis methods used in this research are validity testing, reliability testing, simple linear regression testing, and hypothesis testing. The results of the research show that the Comedy Show variable Report Pak! has a good score, this is based on the total calculated average value of 3.814. Then the variable Loyalty of watching has a good score, this is based on a total average value of 3.919. For a simple regression test, the result obtained is 0.624, which means the relationship or correlation between the variables Comedy Shows Report Sir! high or strong influence on the Watching Loyalty variable. For hypothesis testing, the results obtained were 1.663. calculated t value (3.893) > t table (1.663) then it can be concluded that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, which shows that there is an influence between the Comedy Show variable Report Sir! with the Watching Loyalty variable.
Pengaruh Komunitas Virtual Terhadap Perubahan Perilaku Remaja
Authors: Yuliani Yuliani
Published: December 2023

In today's digital era, there is less and less direct interaction and more and more people join virtual communities. So that virtual communities can form a change in behavior in adolescents with several factors including: personality factors, emotional factors, peer factors, environmental factors. This research uses a literature study by comparing and adding references from literature sources. The purpose of this study was conducted to determine changes in adolescent behavior in virtual communities and what the factors are.  The results of this study indicate that behavior change is a change that a person experiences in an environment, due to a response or stimulus from a person in a community so that in here it can be seen in the virtual community of adolescents through the IT world can form a change based on four factors including personality, emotions, peers and the environment.
Disrupsi antara Pemanfaatan Sungai dengan Ketidaksesuaiannya pada Regulasi, hingga Memunculkan Tindak Represif Pemerintah di Kelurahan Ditotrunan, Lumajang
Authors: Wisnu Aji  , Yoga Septa Nurivandi  , Muhamad Feri Herdiansyah
Published: December 2023

Rivers are a part of nature that has many benefits for life, quite a few people want to be involved in its use. Even though they do not know the exact rules that cover them, the result is that at some point in their development they will be trapped by the applicable rules or laws. Like a tree that gets taller, it is at risk of being toppled by someone or even the wind. If this analogy is correlated to a group of residents in Ditotrunan Village who can make the best use of the river and are very popular, it must be based on the rules that must be followed. As a result, the form of use is demolition and removal efforts by the authorities. What's interesting is that it's not just the rules, but there are interests of each party as well as a sense of personal jealousy between one group and another. All of these things give rise to conflict between each group and also the local government.
Autosupervisión de Alucinaciones en Grandes Modelos del Lenguaje: LLteaM
Authors: Correa Busquets Sofía , Maccarini Llorens Lucas
Published: December 2023

Los grandes modelos del lenguaje, como GPT y Claude, han revolucionado la industria tecnológica en el último año. Sin embargo, al ser inteligencia artificial generativa, estos son susceptibles a sufrir alucinaciones. Un gran modelo del lenguaje alucina cuando genera texto falso o falto de sentido, pero en la medida que estos modelos mejoran, estas alucinaciones se vuelven menos evidentes y más peligrosas para el usuario. La presente investigación explora el fenómeno enun caso de respuesta automática de correo electrónico en servicio al cliente. Se propone, primero, una taxonomía de alucinaciones en grandes modelos del lenguaje según su naturaleza lingüísticay,segundo, un sistema multiagente que permite la autosupervisión de las mismas. Este redacta respuestas a correos electrónicos, pero previene su entrega en caso de detectar alucinaciones, reduciendo así los riesgos de la inteligencia artificial generativa en entornos productivos. La experimentación con distintos modelos del lenguaje de vanguardia evidencia que los costos del único modelo exitoso son actualmente demasiado altos para su puesta en producción. Además, la drástica caída de rendimiento tras una actualización de versión de GPT-3.5-turbo revela probables deficiencias en aplicaciones industriales impulsadas por la generación aumentada por recuperación. En general, la investigación defiende la necesidad de una lingüística de máquinas para analizar las producciones de los grandes modelos del lenguajey que dicha colaboración entre la lingüística y lainteligencia artificial puede ayudar a mitigar los riesgos sociales de la alucinación.
Spatial and hydrological analysis of the water supply system in as-Sila'/Sela (Tafila, Jordan) based on a 3D model
Authors: Marsal Roser , García-Carpallo Jesús
Published: December 2023

The research described below proposes a spatial analysis of the hydraulic infrastructure, and settlement remains, as well as a topographic analysis of the site of as-Sila'/Sela on the southern Transjordan plateau. The authors designed Sela's first photogrammetric model from aerial photographs provided by the "Aerial Photographic Archive for Archaeology in the Middle East (APAAME)" project. This modelling has enabled the research team to locate new hydraulic structures, settlement remains, marks on vertical facing, and elevated or levelling platforms hitherto unidentified by a pedestrian survey; it was also possible to obtain more detailed direct and indirect relationships between these features. The 3D model has provided a reference for locating the various elements and correlating their surface with the topographic coordinates recorded by the total station during fieldwork. Additionally, a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was derived from the 3D model to depict the flow direction of run-off. Through our analysis, we identified spaces for accessing, managing, and utilising available water resources, including settlement density and flooding zones. The hydrological analysis revealed potential run-off and flood-prone areas, guiding the location of hydraulic structures to prevent water contamination. This study highlights the importance of Sela's water supply systems and the technical expertise of ancient communities in their construction and management. The applicability and feasibility of the applied methodology emphasise its use as a powerful and indispensable tool to obtain a complete overview of the site. The results yield a comprehensive site mapping with a broader scope than previous research and provide a basis for further research, as well as for understanding the site's water supply and settlement patterns. Thus, this study enhances the hydro-technological investigation of Sela's water management and culture and contributes to its holistic analysis. Future studies can use the data to propose effective water management strategies and shed light on the social structures involved in water supply practices.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF FOREST FIRES ON THE TERRITORY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Кузнецов Л.Е. , Кректунов А.А. , Секерин И.М. , Щеплягин П.В. , Юдина П.С.
Published: December 2023

Количество лесных пожаров в нашей стране возрастает из года в год. Наносимый ими ущерб трудно оценить. Если цену погибшего древостоя, сгоревшей заготовленной древесины или имущества граждан можно рассчитать, то оценить потери экологических функций поврежденных экосистем практически невозможно, не говоря уже про жизнь человека. Лесные пожары оказывают огромное воздействие на лесные экосистемы в масштабе всей планеты. Почти треть лесных территорий страны в год охватывается огнем. Погибают деревья, выгорает трава, кустарники, мхи и лишайники, повреждается почва, погибают микроорганизмы, живущие в ней. После пожара восстановление леса может занимать разное время. На севере этот процесс идет намного медленнее, чем на юге. Обновление живого надпочвенного покрова, в состав которого входят травы и кустарнички, проходит достаточно быстро и может начаться уже на следующий год после пожара. Для лишайников это процесс более медленный и в среднем занимает до 60 лет. Для мохового покрова требуется около 30–40 лет в зависимости от природных условий. Восстановление хвойных лесов после пожара через смену пород продолжается значительно дольше, чем их прямое возобновление. Хвойные древесные породы живут долго, лиственные менее долговечны, но растут быстрее.

The number of forest ﬁ res in our country is increasing from year to year. The damage they cause is difﬁ cult to assess. If the price of a dead stand, burnt harvested wood or the property of citizens can be calculated, then it is almost impossible to estimate the loss of ecological functions of damaged ecosystems, not to mention human life. Forest ﬁ res have a huge impact on forest ecosystems on a global scale. Almost a third of the country’s forest territories are covered by ﬁ re every year. Trees die, grass, shrubs, mosses and lichens burn out, the soil is damaged, the microorganisms living in it die. After a ﬁ re, the restoration of the forest may take different times. In the north, this process takes much longer than in the south. The renewal of the living above-ground cover, which includes grasses and shrubs, takes place quite quickly and can begin as early as the next year after the ﬁ re. For lichens, this process is slower and takes up to 60 years on average. Moss cover takes about 30–40 years, depending on natural conditions. The restoration of coniferous forests after a ﬁ re through a change of species lasts much longer than their direct renewal. Coniferous tree species live for a long time, deciduous ones are less durable, but grow faster.
Curriculum Theorising in the Era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Authors: Fomunyam Kehdinga
Published: December 2023

Curriculum theorising is a crucial part of curriculum studies in general and the curriculum discourse in particular. This is why theorising is vital in the articulation of solutions to curriculum problems or challenges. In this era of the Fourth industrial revolution where technology is changing the processes of learning, what it means to learn and how best to learn, the solutions of yesteryears would not solve the educational challenges of today, creating the need for further theorisation. What should curriculum theorisers be responding to in this era, how should they be responding to it and what solutions should they proffer to the new challenges being created by the fourth industrial revolution. This paper seeks to explore these issues and theorise possible pathways or starting points from which curriculum theorisers can begin the theorising of curriculum in this era of the fourth industrial revolution.
Strengthening The Product Development Of Straw Mushroom To Enhance The Welfare And Sustainable Development Goals In Wonokerso, Malang
Authors: Suwanan Ahmad Fawaiq , Rahmat Andro Agil Nur , Kurniawan Dediek , Firmansyah Rizky , Nuraini Fariha , Lupita Delia
Published: December 2023

Sustainable development is a common goal of countries in the world, including Indonesia. In the process of its realization, sustainable development Goals or SDGs have an impact on various aspects of life, including overcoming food security problems. To achieve the SDGs, the participation of many parties is necessary. The form of community participation can be achieved by conducting training or counseling activities in the product development of local potential commodities, one of which is the mushrooms. Paddy straw mushroom is one type of mushroom that has a high protein content and is low in calories. Through capacity building in Wonokerso Village, Pakisaji, Malang Regency, we expect to be able to increase participants' skills and insights about the straw mushrooms product development in order to develop jobs in achieving sustainable development goals. Participants not only strengthen their mushroom product development skills but also increase their knowledge in preparing the media for cultivation. Participants were very enthusiastic because the theme conveyed in the activity was very relevant, it is hoped that with this activity participants can increase the ability and understanding of the community to cultivate straw mushrooms to be sold in various urban areas through business partners. In the activities that have been carried out, the final assessment results of training showed high knowledge about the cultivation of straw mushrooms compared to the results of initial knowledge and obtained sustainability analysis to provide advanced training in the cultivation of paddy straw mushrooms in the post-harvest process.
Kinetik Cephe Sistemlerinin Performansa Dayalı Tasarımı ve Tasarım Süreci
Authors: BELEK Ahmet Necip , YAMAÇLI Ruşen
Published: December 2023

Uyarlanabilir olma fonksiyonu sayesinde dış çevreyle ve/veya iç mekandaki kullanıcılarla etkileşime girip cephede günışığına bağlı yüksek performans ve binanın yaşam döngüsü boyunca enerji etkinliği sağlayarak kullanıcıların konforunu arttıran kinetik cephe sistemleri, güneş kırıcı bir kabuk olarak verimli ve efektif çözümler sunmaktadır. Kinetik cepheyi oluşturan güneş kırıcı bileşenlerin optimum uyarlanabilirlik performansını göstermesi, bu cephelerin tasarımına ve tasarım sürecine bağlıdır. Bu bağlamda, kinetik cephenin morfolojik (fiziksel-biçimsel) yapısının modellenip kinetik dönüşümü tasarımının yapıldığı, fonksiyonel özelliklerinin belirlendiği ve performans analizlerinin gerçekleştiği tasarım sürecinde; benimsenen tasarım yaklaşımları, kullanılan tasarım sistemleri ve bu sistemlerin gerektirdiği araç, yöntem ve tekniklerin bir araya gelerek oluşturduğu tasarım prosedürleri önem kazanmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında, kinetik cephe sistemlerinin performansa dayalı tasarımı ile tasarım sürecinin ilişkisini ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla önce literatür taraması, sonrasında belirlenen kinetik cephe tasarım örneklerinin karşılaştırmalı analizi ve değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuç bölümünde, elde edilen bulgulardan yola çıkarak performansa dayalı optimum kinetik cephe tasarımı ve tasarım sürecine dair genel tespitler yapılmış ve literatürdeki bu sistemlerin tasarımına ilişkin çalışmaların eksikliğinden bahsedilip bu alandaki tasarım yöntem ve yaklaşımlarının arttırılıp geliştirilmesi gerektiği önerilmiştir.
Orbital CO2 reconstruction using boron isotopes during the late Pleistocene, an assessment of accuracy
Authors: de la Vega Elwyn , Chalk Thomas B. , Hain Mathis P. , Wilding Megan R. , Casey Daniel , Gledhill Robin , Luo Chongguang , Wilson Paul A. , Foster Gavin L.
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Boron isotopes in planktonic foraminifera are a widely used proxy to determine ancient surface seawater pH and by extension atmospheric CO2 concentration and climate forcing on geological timescales. Yet, to reconstruct absolute values for pH and CO2, we require a δ11Bforam-borate to pH calibration and independent determinations of ocean temperature, salinity, a second carbonate parameter, and the boron isotope composition of seawater. Although δ11B-derived records of atmospheric CO2 have been shown to perform well against ice-core-based CO2 reconstructions, these tests have been performed at only a few locations and with limited temporal resolution. Here we present two highly resolved CO2 records for the late Pleistocene from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Sites 999 and 871. Our δ11B-derived CO2 record shows a very good agreement with the ice core CO2 record with an average offset of 13±46 (2σ) and an RMSE of 26 ppm, with minor short-lived overestimations of CO2 (of up to ∼50 ppm) occurring during some glacial onsets. We explore potential drivers of this disagreement and conclude that partial dissolution of foraminifera has a minimal effect on the CO2 offset. We also observe that the general agreement between δ11B-derived and ice core CO2 is improved by optimising the δ11Bforam-borate calibration. Despite these minor issues, a strong linear relationship between relative change in climate forcing from CO2 (from ice core data) and pH change (from δ11B) exists over the late Pleistocene, confirming that pH change is a robust proxy of climate forcing over relatively short (<1 million year) intervals. Overall, these findings demonstrate that the boron isotope proxy is a reliable indicator of CO2 beyond the reach of the ice cores and can help improve determinations of climate sensitivity for ancient time intervals.
Extratropical circulation associated with Mediterranean droughts during the Last Millennium in CMIP5 simulations
Authors: Kim Woon Mi , González-Rojí Santos J. , Raible Christoph C.
Published: December 2023

Abstract. The Mediterranean region is expected to experience significant changes in hydroclimate, reflected in increases in the duration and severity of soil moisture droughts. While numerous studies have explored Mediterranean droughts in coupled climate models under present and future scenarios, understanding droughts in past-climate simulations remains relatively underexplored. Such simulations can offer insights into long-term drought variability that observational records cannot capture. Therefore, our study investigates circulation patterns in the Euro-Atlantic domain associated with multi-year soil moisture droughts over the Mediterranean region during the last millennium (850–2005 CE) in climate simulations. For this, we use the fifth phase of the Climate Model Intercomparison Project–Paleoclimate Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3 (CMIP5–PMIP3) and the CESM Last Millennium Ensemble Project. Primarily, we examine the differences among the models in representing drought variability and related circulation patterns. For the analysis, we exclude the anthropogenic trends from 1850–2005 CE, and to detect the circulation patterns, we perform k-means clustering combined with linear correlation analyses. The findings confirm that Mediterranean drought occurrence during the last millennium is associated with internal variability in the climate system. Drought variability, the associated circulation patterns, and the frequencies of these patterns vary across the models. Some climate models exhibit a multidecadal anti-phase occurrence of some drought periods between the western and eastern Mediterranean regions, although the exact periods of coherence differ among the models. This anti-phase co-variability, which agrees with some proxy records, can be explained by the dominant circulation patterns in each region detected by the models: western Mediterranean droughts are dominated by a high-pressure system over central Europe and a North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)-like pattern, while eastern Mediterranean droughts are linked to positive pressure anomalies in the southern and eastern Mediterranean and negative NAO, East Atlantic, and East Atlantic–western Russia-like patterns. The frequencies of these modes of climate variability are strongly model-dependent; i.e., some patterns occur more frequently or only in some models, suggesting that the main drivers of droughts differ among the models. Although it is complicated to evaluate the representation of droughts and associated circulation among the models, in general, the models with lower horizontal and vertical spatial land resolutions exhibit drought variability and patterns that distinctly differ from other models. These model differences and preferences toward some circulation patterns can be a source of uncertainties in the model–proxy comparison of Mediterranean droughts and potentially influence future climate projections.
Reconstructing atmospheric H2 over the past century from bi-polar firn air records
Authors: Patterson John D. , Aydin Murat , Crotwell Andrew M. , Pétron Gabrielle , Severinghaus Jeffery P. , Krummel Paul B. , Langenfelds Ray L. , Petrenko Vasilii V. , Saltzman Eric S.
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Historical atmospheric H2 levels were reconstructed using firn air measurements from two sites in Greenland (NEEM and Summit) and two sites in Antarctica (South Pole and Megadunes). A joint reconstruction based on the two Antarctic sites yields H2 levels monotonically increasing from about 330 ppb in 1900 to 550 ppb in the late 1990s, leveling off thereafter. These results are similar to individual reconstructions published previously (Patterson et al., 2020, 2021). Interpretation of the Greenland firn air measurements is complicated by challenges in modeling enrichment induced by pore close-off at these sites. We used observations of neon enrichment at NEEM and Summit to tune the parameterization of enrichment induced by pore close-off in our firn air model. The joint reconstruction from the Greenland data shows H2 levels rising 30 % between 1950 and the late 1980s, reaching a maximum of 530 ppb. After 1990, reconstructed atmospheric H2 levels over Greenland are roughly constant, with a small decline of 3 % over the next 25 years. The reconstruction shows good agreement with the available flask measurements of H2 at high northern latitudes.
Synchronization phenomena observed in glacial–interglacial cycles simulated in an Earth system model of intermediate complexity
Authors: Mitsui Takahito , Willeit Matteo , Boers Niklas
Published: December 2023

Abstract. The glacial–interglacial cycles of the Quaternary exhibit 41 kyr periodicity before the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT) around 1.2–0.8 Myr ago and ∼ 100 kyr periodicity after that. From the viewpoint of dynamical systems, proposed mechanisms generating these periodicities are broadly divided into two types: (i) nonlinear forced responses of a mono- or multi-stable climate system to the astronomical forcing or (ii) synchronization of internal self-sustained oscillations to the astronomical forcing. In this study, we investigate the dynamics of glacial cycles simulated by the Earth system model of intermediate complexity CLIMBER-2 with a fully interactive carbon cycle, which reproduces the MPT under gradual changes in volcanic-CO2 degassing and regolith cover. We report that, in this model, the dominant frequency of glacial cycles is set in line with the principle of synchronization. It is found that the model exhibits self-sustained oscillations in the absence of astronomical forcing. Before the MPT, glacial cycles synchronize to the 41 kyr obliquity cycles because the self-sustained oscillations have periodicity relatively close to 41 kyr. After the MPT the timescale of internal oscillations becomes too long to follow every 41 kyr obliquity cycle, and the oscillations synchronize to the 100 kyr eccentricity cycles that modulate the amplitude of climatic precession. The latter synchronization occurs with the help of the 41 kyr obliquity forcing, which enables some terminations and glaciations to occur robustly at their right timing. We term this phenomenon vibration-enhanced synchronization because of its similarity to the noise-enhanced synchronization known in nonlinear science. While we interpret the dominant periodicities of glacial cycles as the result of synchronization of internal self-sustained oscillations to the astronomical forcing, the Quaternary glacial cycles show facets of both synchronization and forced response.