bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal thermometry theory of three-channel wide spectrum based on three-directional difference
Authors: Yu Qiansong , Liu Chang , Gu Shengyu , Dong Yuan
Published: June 2024

The constant spectral emissivity decoupling method within current wide-spectrum thermometry theories stands as a primary factor contributing to accuracy degradation. This creates a deadlock in the current radiation thermometry framework, where the system’s two-dimensional analytical capabilities and resolution accuracy cannot be concurrently achieved, becoming a major theoretical obstacle in the development of this technique. Consequently, based on the Taylor series de-integration method under the wide spectral framework, and taking the first and second derivative terms of spectral emissivity as the starting point, a wide spectral optimization temperature solution theory based on three-directional difference method is proposed. It ensures compatibility and stable solving conditions for imaging systems, while fundamentally removing the dependency on the constantization of spectral emissivity treatment, and realizing the decoupling and inversion of three-channel spectral emissivity. The handling effects of different cutoff precision differential methods on spectral emissivity derivatives are discussed, and the temperature and spectral emissivity solving capabilities of the method are theoretically validated under various spectral emissivity models. Furthermore, this method is used to monitor the continuous temperature rise processes of two different samples. Maximum average relative temperature calculation errors below 6% and 5% are achieved, and the target spectral emissivity variation rate and trend are well reproduced, yielding conclusions consistent with simulations.
Bearing race fault detection using an optomechanical micro-resonator
Authors: Shi Wei , Huo Yue , Tang Xiaohe , Zhang Jingchao , Hu Hao , Li Yingwei , Li Xiaoli , Cao Li , Zhao Qianchuan , Yang Zhenning , Zhang Jing
Published: June 2024

Bearing fault detection plays a crucial role in ensuring machinery reliability and safety. However, the existing bearing-fault-detection sensors are commonly too large to be embedded in narrow areas of bearings and too vulnerable to work in complex environment. Here, we demonstrate an approach to distinguish the presence of race faults in bearings and their types by using an optomechanical micro-resonator. The principle of the amplitude-frequency modulation model mixing fault frequency with mechanical frequency is raised to explain the asymmetrical sideband phenomena detected by the optical microtoroidal sensor. Kurtosis estimation used in this work can distinguish normal and faulty bearings in the time domain with the maximum accuracy rate of 91.72% exceeding the industry standard rate of 90%, while the amplitude-frequency modulation of the fault signal and mechanical mode is introduced to identify the types of the bearing faults, including, e.g., outer race fault and inner race fault. The fault-detection methods have been applied to the bearing on a mimic unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), and correctly confirmed the presence of fault and the type of outer or inner race fault. Our study gives new perspectives for precise measurements on early fault warning of bearings, and may find applications in other fields such as vibration sensing.
Hump-shaped seven-core fiber-based WaveFlex biosensor for rapid detection of glyphosate pesticides in real food samples
Authors: Zhang Qi , Gu Chaofan , Singh Ragini , Jain Sourabh , Chen Ray T. , Zhang Bingyuan , Kumar Santosh
Published: June 2024

At present, pesticides are widely used in the cultivation of crops. Glyphosate is widely used in many pesticides. Glyphosate ingestion can cause a series of health problems. Therefore, this paper proposes to use localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) technology to develop a WaveFlex biosensor (plasma wave-based optical fiber sensor) to detect glyphosate concentration in pesticides. The evanescent field is improved by using the fusion of seven-core fiber and single-mode fiber and the tapering of the sensing area to improve the sensing performance. The gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are used to excite the LSPR effect. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and cerium oxide nanorods (CeO2-NRs) are used to increase the surface area and promote the adhesion of the enzyme. The sensitivity of the sensor is 137.7 pm/µM in the range of 0-60 µM glyphosate concentration, and the limit of detection (LoD) is 1.94 µM, which has good performance in compared to the existing biosensors. Subsequently, the sensor was tested for reusability, reproducibility, selectivity, stability, and excellent results were obtained. Finally, the sensor is tested on real samples, and the results show that it can be applied in practical applications. The test findings demonstrate that the sensor has a great deal of potential for use in glyphosate content detection in food samples.
Mixed event separation and identification based on a convolutional neural network trained with the domain transfer method for a φ-OTDR sensing system
Authors: Zhou Yiyi , Yang Guijiang , Xu Liang , Wang Liang , Tang Ming
Published: June 2024

In phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer (φ-OTDR) based distributed acoustic sensing (DAS), correct identification of event types is challenging in complex environments where multiple events happen simultaneously. In this study, we have proposed a convolutional neural network (CNN) with a separation module and an identification module to simultaneously separate a mixed event into individual single-event components and identify each type of component contained in the mixed event. The domain transfer method is used in the training, fine-tuning, and testing of the proposed CNN, which saves 94% of the workload for massive DAS data collection and signal demodulation. A fine-tuning stage is added to minimize the impact of the dataset shift between the audio data and DAS data, hence enhancing the separation and identification performance. The model has good noise tolerance and achieves nearly 90% identification accuracy even at a relatively low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Compared with the conventional method using DAS data for training, domain transfer using a large amount of diverse audio data for training well generalizes the model to the target domain and hence provides more stable performance with only little degradation of identification accuracy.
COMPACT INTRACAVITY MID-INFRARED UPCONVERSION DETECTOR – A SYSTEMATIC STUDY
Authors: Kashak Tyler , FLANNIGAN LIAM , Atwi Ali , Poitras Daniel , Xu Chang-Qing
Published: June 2024

Mid-IR light detection based on intracavity upconversion using a compact structure has been studied both experimentally and theoretically. The mid-IR detector consists of a 47.5 mm MgO doped periodically poled lithium niobate crystal placed in a resonant cavity of a 1064 nm diode-pumped Nd:YVO4 laser to enhance efficiency. The generated 1064 nm light is mixed with a mid-infrared source emitting at 3469 nm using an intracavity dichroic mirror. This produces short wave infrared 814.2 nm light via sum frequency generation (SFG). The upconverted light overlaps with the high responsivity for commercial off-the-shelf silicon photodetectors, enabling high speed and high sensitivity detection, surpassing direct mid-infrared detection. The lowest power detected was 150 nW, and the theoretical noise equivalent power for state-of-the-art Si detectors is 1.7∙fW/√Hz. The free running cavity requires no active stabilization, and the total packaged prototype size is 3.75x3.0x8.0 cm, which is relatively compact. An experimental power conversion efficiency up to 36.0% is observed, which agrees well with theoretical simulations. A systematic theoretical study is performed to investigate potential for further optimization of the device.
Glare Reduction from Specularly Reflecting Flat and Spherical Surfaces via Light Field Illumination
Authors: Griffin John , Brown Cameron , Jaiprakash Anjali
Published: June 2024

Light field approaches have been shown to be useful in a range of computational imaging and display technologies. Taking the classical assumption that light paths are fully reversible, we use a ray tracing model to demonstrate its application in generating controllable illumination which can be used to reduce specular reflections. Specifically, we show that when illuminating a reflective subject through the imaging lens specular reflections can be eliminated for flat and convex spherical surfaces as well as for most concave spherical surfaces. Applications for this technology exist in many areas including medicine and industrial automation.
Hematocrit Corrections for Diffuse Optical Monitoring of Cerebral Blood Flow and Oxygen Metabolism during Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Yodh Arjun G. , Benson Emilie J. , Aronowitz Danielle I. , Forti Rodrigo M. , Lafontant Alec , Ranieri Nicolina R. , Starr Jonathan P. , Melchior Richard W. , Lewis Alistair , Jahnavi Jharna , Breimann Jake , Yun Bohyun , Laurent Gerard H. , Lynch Jennifer M. , White Brian R. , Gaynor J. William , Licht Daniel J. , Kilbaugh Todd J. , Mavroudis Constantine D. , Baker Wesley B. , Ko Tiffany S.
Published: June 2024

We demonstrate theoretical methods to correct diffuse correlation spectroscopy estimation of cerebral blood flow for hematocrit variation in a study of neonatal swine during cardiopulmonary bypass.
Investigating cerebral biomarkers of neonates in risky periods of cardiac repair surgery with diffuse optical monitor
Authors: Can Osman Melih , Patil Nishigandha , Tresanchez Georgina , Vazquez Debora Cañizo , Rivas Alba , Herguido Cristina Ruiz , Behera Anurag , Frisk Lisa Kobayashi , Fischer Jonas , Yaqub M. Atif , Camprubí Marta , de Toledo Joan Sanchez , Durduran Turgut
Published: June 2024

Hybrid diffuse optics was utilized to monitor infants born with severe congenital heart defects during cardiac surgery. We have characterized the cerebral hemdoynamics and oxygen metabolism during the cannulation and the initiation of the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).
Validation of Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy measurements of cerebral blood flow against perfusion MRI in adults
Authors: Zhao Hongting , Goyal Vidisha , Harris LaBeausha Holt , Lin Qixiang , Mcllvain Grace , Brothers Rowan , Triplett Sydney , Zhou Lei , Qiu Deqian , Buckley Erin M.
Published: June 2024

We quantify the accuracy of cerebral blood flow measurements of diffuse correlation spectroscopy estimated with different analytical models by comparing against arterial spin labeled perfusion MRI.
Optical Estimation of Arterial Compliance
Authors: Scammon William B. , Kainerstorfer Jana M.
Published: June 2024

We present a novel method for estimating arterial compliance that relies on a hemodynamic response derived from near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measured during occlusion of the upper arm.
Photoacoustic imaging of dental samples
Authors: Periyasamy Vijitha , Gisi Katherine , Pramanik Manojit
Published: June 2024

We discuss the photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) imaging of teeth using a clinical system which has light emitting diode (LED) as an illumination source. It is demonstrated that the caries and demineralization can be imaged using LED-PACT.
Reconstruction of the opto-mechanical properties of the intervertebral disc with photoacoutic imaging
Authors: Capart Antoine , Allais Roman , Wojak Julien , Boiron Olivier , Da Silva Anabela
Published: June 2024

The intervertebral disc undergoes degeneration, resulting in its dehydration and the development of degenerative diseases. This study introduces quantitative photoacoustic imaging as a method for assessing the state of the disc.
Photoacoustic Imaging of Perfusion Kinematics Using Transparent Ultrasound Transducer and 1064 nm laser
Authors: Cho Seonghee , Kim Minsu , Ahn Joongho , Lim Junha , Park Jeongwoo , Kim Hyung Ham , Kim Won Jong , Kim Chulhong
Published: June 2024

NIR-II window (1000–1700 nm) photoacoustic contrast agents offer deep tissue imaging potential. We examined whole-body perfusion kinematics monitoring in photoacoustic imaging by dispersing the commercial NIR-II dye IR-1048 using a transparent ultrasound transducer.
Development Of A Handheld Optical Scanner
Authors: Sumaiya M R , Jeeva J B
Published: June 2024

A handheld optical imager with dual-source operating at 660 and 940 nm and photodiode detectors is developed. The images obtained show the inhomogeneity embedded inside the paraffin wax phantom. The FWHM matches with the actual.
Advanced Synthesis and Applications of Uniform NaGdF4 Nanorods in Biophotonics and Imaging
Authors: Esmaeili Shahriar , Rajil Navid , Hazrathosseini Ayla , Hemmer Philip
Published: June 2024

This study presents the synthesis of uniform NaGdF4:Yb, Er nanorods, high-lighting their potential in biophotonics. Their unique properties offer advancements in non-invasive imaging, enhanced contrast in OCT, and potential in high-resolution technologies.
Assessing Image Reproducibility in Free-Form Raster Scan fdNIRS Imaging
Authors: Silva-Oelker Gerardo , Stillwell Roy , Sheeder Eric , Senn Lyla , Longoria Adam , O’Sullivan Thomas D.
Published: June 2024

This study develops reliable and reproducible imaging practices using a free-form raster scan based on fdNIRS. We propose a study and investigate the reproducibility of images, finding a minimum correlation coefficient of 0.789 between scans.
Fundamental Effects of Array Density and Modulation Frequency on Image Quality of Diffuse Optical Tomography
Authors: Fan Weihao , Trobaugh Jason W. , Culver Joseph P. , Eggebrecht Adam T.
Published: June 2024

Effects of array density and modulation frequency on spatial accuracy, resolution, and penetration of diffuse optical tomography were investigated. These metrics were improved by using higher array densities or an optimized modulation frequency.
Non-Invasive Continuous Monitoring of Cerebral Blood Flow after Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice Using Fiber Camera-Based Speckle Contrast Optical Spectroscopy
Authors: Langri Dharminder , Sunar Ulas
Published: June 2024

We implemented a laser speckle contrast imaging technique with a fiber camera-based approach to monitor blood flow changes in a mouse model post-closed head injury, revealing a significant (~10%, p < 0.05) decrease within 30 minutes. This suggests the potential of blood flow as an early biomarker for head injuries, highlighting the technique's utility for continuous monitoring and clinical translation.
Compact, multiwavelength, multidistance speckle contrast spectroscopy (SCOS) for the critical care
Authors: Quiroga Andres , Verma Manish , Beslija Faruk , Frisk Lisa Kobayashi , Chetia Sumana , Senciales Daniel , Yaqub M. Atif , Tabet Margherita , Weldon-Carroll RyanCole , Little William , Dave Siddharth , Cheruku Sreekanth , Choi Christopher , Lahsaei Peiman , Olson DaiWai , Busch David R. , Durduran Turgut
Published: June 2024

A multidistance multiwavelength compact speckle contrast optical spectroscopy (SCOS) system is presented as a novel non-invasive monitor of blood flow and tissue oxygenation for critical care.
Multimodal Data-fusion in Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging using Deep Learning
Authors: Pandey Vikas , Erbas Ismail , Intes Xavier
Published: June 2024

We report a novel deep learning (DL)-based multi-modal data-fusion approach in generating high-resolution time-resolved images in fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLI). The performance of this DL model has been validated in phantom and well-plate data.
Monte-Carlo Based Data Generator for Fluorescence Lifetime Applications
Authors: Nizam Navid Ibtehaj , Erbas Ismail , Pandey Vikas , Intes Xavier
Published: June 2024

We report a novel in silico data generator for accurately producing Temporal Point Spread Functions, as functions of depth and lifetime, from fluorescent samples. The suitability of the approach is demonstrated for LIDAR and tomography.
Evaluating a machine-learning based fast 3-D head shape acquisition method from a single camera image
Authors: Lin Chu-Hsuan , Yen Fan-Yu , Fang Qianqian
Published: June 2024

We have incorporated and evaluated a state-of-the-art machine-learning based fast 3-D head shape recovery algorithm for fNIRS applications and developed a software to provide real-time guidance for headgear placement and shortening experiment setup time.
Exploring pulse waveform characteristic changes due to intracranial compliance in hydrocephalus patients
Authors: Vega Carolina Fajardo , Tagliabue Susanna , Fischer Jonas B. , Vall-llossera Monica Torrecilla , Piella Gemma , López Diego F. , Rosas Katiuska , Poca Maria A. , Sahuquillo Juan , Durduran Turgut
Published: June 2024

This paper explores the analysis of the waveform of pulsatile signals obtained through time-resolved spectroscopy and diffuse correlation spectroscopy measures of the brain, for the potential application of identifying changes in intracranial compliance.
Beyond conventional wisdom: unveiling quantitative insights in fluorescence lifetime imaging via realistic simulation of biological systems
Authors: Ma Pingchuan , Chen Yao
Published: June 2024

Fluorescence lifetime’s insensitivity to sensor expression levels may not hold true in biological experiments. We simulate to quantify required photon numbers for desired signal-to-noise ratios and the range of expression that doesn’t significantly alter lifetime.
Dissecting Zebrafish Brain Functional Connectivity with Two-photon All-optical Electrophysiology
Authors: Turrini Lapo , Sorelli Michele , de Vito Giuseppe , Vanzi Francesco , Pavone Francesco Saverio
Published: June 2024

We present a multi-photon system comprising a light-sheet microscope for fast whole-brain imaging and an acousto-optic deflector-based light-targeting unit for 3D optogenetic stimulation. We employed the setup to map habenular functional connectivity in zebrafish larvae.
Design of ultrasound transducers for localized neuromodulation
Authors: Park Hyeongyu , Kim Jinwoo , Chang Jin Ho
Published: June 2024

Conventional ultrasound transducers have a broad focus that hinders efficient research using small animal models for localized neuromodulation. Acoustic hologram lenses and an increase in operating frequency can be a solution for precise neural targeting.
Simultaneous monitoring of tissue blood volume, hemoglobin oxygenation and blood flow using full sampling frequency domain near-infrared spectroscopy and interferometric diffuse correlation spectroscopy
Authors: Habash Shakeeb , Muldoon Ailis C. , Robinson Mitchell B. , Carp Stefan A.
Published: June 2024

Frequency domain near-infrared spectroscopy (FD-NIRS) is often synergistically combined with diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) to monitor tissue perfusion and metabolism. We demonstrate an approach for simultaneous FD-NIRS and DCS data acquisition in a realistic environment.
Colorectal Polyp Assessment with Label-Free Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging
Authors: Alfonso-Garcia Alba , Kraft Lisanne , Zhou Xiagnan , Bec Julien , Marcu Laura , Wei Dongguang , Urayama Shiro , Cogdill Asha
Published: June 2024

Standard colonoscopy fails to distinguish malignant from benign colorectal tissue in real-time. Colonoscopy-compatible label-free fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIm) in 15 patients identified malignant lesions, encouraging a non-invasive screening method for colorectal cancer.
Phacoemulsification of Cataracts through a Low-Cost Optical System Utilizing Laser Diodes
Authors: Harrah Mitchell , Safi Abdul Mohaimen , Moka Sadhu , Ayyala Ramesh , Parthasarathy Ashwin B
Published: June 2024

Phacoemulsification is the preferred method of treatment for the removal of cataracts, but the current technology limits healthcare accessibility. With this submission, we show our diode-based system used within gelatin models to show acceptable preliminary results.
Ultrasound-guided photoacoustic functional imaging to assess regional variations in response to vascular targeted therapies
Authors: Sweeney Allison , Langley Andrew , Edwards Skye , Solomon Patrick , Mallidi Srivalleesha
Published: June 2024

In this work, we investigate vascular therapy induced regional variations in vascularization and oxygenation using Ultrasound-guided photoacoustic imaging (US-PAI). The 3D images were fluence compensated and a custom regional segmentation algorithm was applied to the volumetric HbT images to segment the tumor volume into areas of high vascular density and low vascular density. Regionally evaluating the changes in blood oxygenation (StO2) and HbT reveals that sunitinib is preferentially targeting areas of low vascular density while PDT is agnostic of vascular density when administered at optimal dose.
Miniature syringe-injectable wireless light source for photodynamic therapy with rose bengal
Authors: Rho Sunghoon , Sanders Hailey , Morsby Janeala J. , Smith Bradley D. , O’Sullivan Thomas D.
Published: June 2024

We present a wirelessly powered implantable device that emits 573 nm visible light for deep tissue photodynamic therapy. This device can generate sufficient singlet oxygen to effectively eliminate cancer cells in vitro.
Assessment of Endothelial Functions by Power Spectral Density of Hemodynamic Parameters in Skeletal Muscles
Authors: Amendola Caterina , Buttafava Mauro , Carteano Talyta , Contini Letizia , Cortese Lorenzo , Durduran Turgut , Frabasile Lorenzo , Guadagno Claudia Nunzia , Karadeniz Umut , Lacerenza Michele , Mesquida Jaume , Parsa Shahrzad , Re Rebecca , Garcia Diego Sanoja , Sekar Sanathana Konugolu Venkata , Spinelli Lorenzo , Torricelli Alessandro , Tosi Alberto , Weigel Udo M. , Yaqub M. Atif , Zanoletti Marta , Contini Davide
Published: June 2024

We assessed in 14 healthy volunteers and one septic patient low and very low frequency oscillations in hemodynamic parameters of muscles by studying their power spectra density exploiting time domain near-infrared and diffuse correlation spectroscopies.
Peak Power Dependence in Bacterial Inactivation Using UV-C Pulsed Light Irradiation
Authors: Kozuka Shuri , Yamamoto Shundai , Ito Terumasa , Misawa Kazuhiko
Published: June 2024

Pulsed UV-C irradiation is an efficient method for bacterial inactivation. A comparative UV-C irradiation experiment with femtosecond and microsecond pulses reveals that high peak power is one of the key factors for effective inactivation.
Can de-risking avert supply chain precarity in the face of China-U.S. geopolitical tensions? From sanctions to semiconductor resilience and national security
Authors: Bu Qingxiu
Published: June 2024

As a main driver of geoeconomic power, technological supremacy is at stake in the current zero-sum tech war between the U.S. and China. Semiconductor chips have become an emerging geopolitical frontier in the rivalry of the two powers. Since the confrontation has intensified, the U.S. seeks to weaponise its dominant position in the global semiconductor value chain (GSVC). Some industrial policy-driven geostrategic approaches inform the race to reduce the GSVC vulnerabilities. The tit for tat nature of sanctions risks making multilateralism decline and further undermining the effectiveness of the global governance regime. Shifts in rising economic competition highlight the constraints on collective action. It remains critical as to whether the international economic and legal system can survive the current fractured geopolitics, and whether the new thinking on global governance could be viable for a non-zero-sum game.
Long-term effects of meteorological factors on severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome incidence in eastern China from 2014 to 2020: An ecological time-series study
Authors: Wang Yao , Tian Xueying , Pang Bo , Ma Wei , Kou Zengqiang , Wen Hongling
Published: June 2024

Background

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne disease with susceptibility influenced by meteorological factors. However, there is limited understanding of the delayed and interactive impacts of meteorological factors on SFTS incidence.

Methods

Daily incidence data of SFTS and corresponding meteorological factors for the Jiaodong Peninsula in northeast China were collected from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2020. Random forest regression model, based on custom search, was performed to compare the importance of meteorological factors. Generalized additive model with quasi-Poisson regression was conducted to examine the nonlinear relationships and interactive effects using penalized spline methods. A distributed lag nonlinear model with quasi-Poisson regression was constructed to estimate exposure-lag effects of meteorological factors.

Results

The most important meteorological factor was weekly mean lowest temperature. The relationship between meteorological factors and SFTS incidence revealed a nonlinear and intricate pattern. Interaction analyses showed that prolonged sunshine duration posed a climatic risk within a specific temperature range for SFTS incidence. The maximum relative risk (RR) observed under extremely low temperature (-4°C) was 1.33 at lag of 15 week, while under extremely high temperature (25°C), the minimum RR was 0.65 at lag of 13 week. The RRs associated with both extremely high and low sunshine duration escalated with an increase in lag weeks.

Conclusions

This study underscores that meteorological factors exert nonlinear, delayed, and interactive effects on SFTS incidence. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the dependency of SFTS incidence on meteorological factors in particular climates.
Expression and purification of human neutrophil proteinase 3 from insect cells and characterization of ligand binding
Authors: Khorsand Fahimeh , Haug Bengt Erik , Kursula Inari , Reuter Nathalie , Brenk Ruth
Published: June 2024

Neutrophil proteinase 3 (PR3) is an important drug target for inflammatory lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cystic fibrosis. Drug discovery efforts targeting PR3 require active enzyme for in vitro characterization, such as inhibitor screening, enzymatic assays, and structural studies. Recombinant expression of active PR3 overcomes the need for enzyme supplies from human blood and in addition allows studies on the influence of mutations on enzyme activity and ligand binding. Here, we report the expression of recombinant PR3 (rPR3) using a baculovirus expression system. The purification and activation process described resulted in highly pure and active PR3. The activity of rPR3 in the presence of commercially available inhibitors was compared with human PR3 by using a fluorescence-based enzymatic assay. Purified rPR3 had comparable activity to the native human enzyme, thus being a suitable alternative for enzymatic studies in vitro. Further, we established a surface plasmon resonance-based assay to determine binding affinities and kinetics of PR3 ligands. These methods provide valuable tools for early drug discovery aiming towards treatment of lung inflammation.
SNPs in genes related to the repair of damage to DNA in clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis: A transversal and longitudinal approach
Authors: Pérez-Martínez Damián Eduardo , Zenteno-Cuevas Roberto
Published: June 2024

The presence of SNPs in genes related to DNA damage repair in M. tuberculosis can trigger hypermutagenic phenotypes with a higher probability of generating drug resistance. The aim of this research was to compare the presence of SNPs in genes related to DNA damage repair between sensitive and DR isolates, as well as to describe the dynamics in the presence of SNPs in M. tuberculosis isolated from recently diagnosed TB patients of the state of Veracruz, Mexico. The presence of SNPs in the coding regions of 65 genes related to DNA damage repair was analyzed. Eighty-six isolates from 67 patients from central Veracruz state, Mexico, were sequenced. The results showed several SNPs in 14 genes that were only present in drug-resistant genomes. In addition, by following of 15 patients, it was possible to describe three different dynamics of appearance and evolution of non-synonymous SNPs in genes related to DNA damage repair: 1) constant fixed SNPs, 2) population substitution, and 3) gain of fixed SNPs. Further research is required to discern the biological significance of each of these pathways and their utility as markers of DR or for treatment prognosis.
Pan-cancer analysis of PSCA that is associated with immune infiltration and affects patient prognosis
Authors: Wang Chenxing , Zhu Xingjia , Zheng Ming , Chen Yixun , Jiang Rui , He Xinyi , Liu Zongheng , Lu Zhichao , Wang Ziheng , Yang Yang
Published: June 2024

Prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) is associated with disease progression, promotion of angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis and immune evasion in cancer. However, its expression pattern and diagnostic and prognostic potential have not been thoroughly analysed from a pan-cancer perspective. This study aimed to examine the effects of PSCA on the prognosis and inflammatory cell infiltration patterns of various cancer types. We analysed the relationship between PSCA expression and immunological subtypes in tumor microenvironment (TME) and the role of molecular subtypes, potentially promising immune biomarkers and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in various cancer types, especially lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). In addition, we investigated the prognostic significance of PSCA expression in LUAD. The co-expression network of PSCA was found to be mainly involved in the regulation of immune responses and antigen processing and expression and was significantly enriched in pathological and substance metabolism-related pathways in cancer. Altogether, this study reveals that PSCA is a promising target for immunotherapy in patients with cancer.
Lu’s approach for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery
Authors: Wang Baofeng , Wang Jiang , Sun Tongyu , Ding Yilin , Li Shasha , Lu Hengxiao
Published: June 2024

Objectives

Lu’s approach for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (LVATS), which derives from UVATS, is a novel surgical approach for VATS and carries out micro-innovation for lung cancer resection. The objective of this study is to elucidate the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of this novel surgical approach.

Methods

The clinical data of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who underwent a curative thoracoscopic lobectomy between Mar. 2021 and Mar. 2022, were retrospectively collected, and analyzed. According to whether applied Lu’s approach during the VATS operation, patients were divided into the LVATS group and the UVATS group. The propensity score (PS) matching method was used to reduce selection bias by creating two groups. After generating the PSs, 1:1 ratio and nearest-neighbor score matching was completed. Perioperative variables, including the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, lymph node stations dissected, total drainage volume, drainage duration, postoperative hospital stay, pain score (VAS, Visual Analogue Scale) on the postoperative first day (POD1) and third day (POD3), and incidence of postoperative complications, were compared between the two groups. The data were analyzed statistically with P<0.05 defined as statistically significant.

Results

A total of 182 patients were identified, among whom 86 patients underwent LVATS and 96 UVATS. Propensity matching produced 62 pairs in this retrospective study. There were no deaths during perioperative period. Patients in the LVATS group experienced a shorter operation time (88 (75, 106) VS 122 (97, 144)min, P <0.001), less intraoperative blood loss(20 (20, 30) VS 25 (20, 50)ml, P = 0.021), shorten incision length (2.50 (2.50, 2.50) VS 3.00 (3.00, 3.50)cm, P <0.001), and more drainage volume (460 (310, 660) VS 345 (225, 600)ml, P = 0.041) than patients in the UVATS group. There was not significant difference in the lymph node stations dissected(5 (4, 5) VS 5 (4, 5), P = 0.436), drainage duration (3 (3, 4) VS 3 (3, 4)days, P = 0.743), length of postoperative hospital stay (4 (4, 5) VS 4 (4, 6)days, P = 0.608), VAS on the POD1(4 (4, 4) VS 4 (4, 4), P = 0.058)and POD3 (3 (3, 4) VS 4 (3, 4), P = 0.219), and incidence of postoperative complications (P = 0.521) between the two groups.

Conclusions

Lu’s approach is a safe and feasible approach for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for the lobectomy of NSCLC. This approach can shorten surgical time, reduce incision length and intraoperative blood loss.
Applying Spinal Cord Organoids as a quantitative approach to study the mammalian Hedgehog pathway
Authors: Holzner Markus , Wutz Anton , Di Minin Giulio
Published: June 2024

The Hedgehog (HH) pathway is crucial for embryonic development, and adult homeostasis. Its dysregulation is implicated in multiple diseases. Existing cellular models used to study HH signal regulation in mammals do not fully recapitulate the complexity of the pathway. Here we show that Spinal Cord Organoids (SCOs) can be applied to quantitively study the activity of the HH pathway. During SCO formation, the specification of different categories of neural progenitors (NPC) depends on the intensity of the HH signal, mirroring the process that occurs during neural tube development. By assessing the number of NPCs within these distinct subgroups, we are able to categorize and quantify the activation level of the HH pathway. We validate this system by measuring the effects of mutating the HH receptor PTCH1 and the impact of HH agonists and antagonists on NPC specification. SCOs represent an accessible and reliable in-vitro tool to quantify HH signaling and investigate the contribution of genetic and chemical cues in the HH pathway regulation.
CMR-net: A cross modality reconstruction network for multi-modality remote sensing classification
Authors: Wang Huiqing , Wang Huajun , Wu Lingfeng
Published: June 2024

In recent years, the classification and identification of surface materials on earth have emerged as fundamental yet challenging research topics in the fields of geoscience and remote sensing (RS). The classification of multi-modality RS data still poses certain challenges, despite the notable advancements achieved by deep learning technology in RS image classification. In this work, a deep learning architecture based on convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed for the classification of multimodal RS image data. The network structure introduces a cross modality reconstruction (CMR) module in the multi-modality feature fusion stage, called CMR-Net. In other words, CMR-Net is based on CNN network structure. In the feature fusion stage, a plug-and-play module for cross-modal fusion reconstruction is designed to compactly integrate features extracted from multiple modalities of remote sensing data, enabling effective information exchange and feature integration. In addition, to validate the proposed scheme, extensive experiments were conducted on two multi-modality RS datasets, namely the Houston2013 dataset consisting of hyperspectral (HS) and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data, as well as the Berlin dataset comprising HS and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. The results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of our proposed CMR-Net compared to several state-of-the-art methods for multi-modality RS data classification.
Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in Alzheimer’s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mohammadi Aynaz , Mohammadi Mohammad , Almasi‐Dooghaee Mostafa , Mirmosayyeb Omid
Published: June 2024

Background

The Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) is a clinical indicator of peripheral inflammation that is easily accessible. It is worth noting that the formation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles has been linked to inflammation and immune dysregulation. The main objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to comprehensively evaluate the existing body of research concerning the NLR in the context of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Method

We conducted a comprehensive online search and included studies that evaluated the NLR in 1) patients with AD or MCI and 2) healthy control (HC) participants. We also pooled mean and standard deviation (SD) data for each group.

Results

Ultimately, 12 studies encompassed 1,309 individuals diagnosed with AD with mean NLR levels of 2.68, 1,929 individuals with MCI with mean NLR levels of 2.42, and 2,064 HC with mean NLR levels of 2.06 were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The mean NLR was 0.59 higher in AD patients compared to HC participants (mean difference (MD) = 0.59 [0.38; 0.80]). Similarly, the mean NLR was higher in AD than MCI patients (MD = 0.23 [0.13; 0.33]). Additionally, the mean NLR was higher in individuals with MCI compared to HC participants (MD = 0.37 [0.22; 0.52]). In the subgroup meta-analysis based on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), AD patients with lower MMSE scores (using a cut-off of 20) exhibited significantly higher mean NLR (3.10 vs. 2.70, with a p-value for subgroup differences < 0.01).

Conclusion

The NLR, which serves as a marker of peripheral inflammation, shows increased levels in individuals with AD and MCI compared to HC participants. Furthermore, our study indicates that NLR levels are significantly higher in AD than MCI. Additionally, our novel finding suggests significantly higher NLR levels among AD patients with more severe cognitive decline compared to AD patients with less severe cognitive decline. So, it can be concluded that the higher cognitive decline in humans is accompanied by higher NLR levels. Further longitudinal researches are needed to explore more details about the relationship between inflammation and dementia.
Non-invasive biomonitoring of polar bear feces can be used to estimate concentrations of metals of concern in traditional food
Authors: Eccles Kristin M. , Boutet Vincent , Branigan Marsha , Dyck Markus , van Coeverden de Groot Peter , Lougheed Stephen C. , Rutter Allison , Langlois Valérie S.
Published: June 2024

The Arctic faces increasing exposure to environmental chemicals such as metals, posing health risks to humans and wildlife. Biomonitoring of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) can be used to quantify chemicals in the environment and in traditional foods consumed by the Inuit. However, typically, these samples are collected through invasive or terminal methods. The biomonitoring of feces could be a useful alternative to the current metal monitoring method within the Arctic. Here, we aim to 1) quantify the relationship between concentrations of metals in the feces and tissues (muscle, liver, and fat) of polar bears using predictive modeling, 2) develop an easy-to-use conversion tool for use in community-based monitoring programs to non-invasively estimate contaminant concentrations in polar bears tissues and 3) demonstrate the application of these models by examining potential exposure risk for humans from consumption of polar bear muscle. Fecal, muscle, liver, and fat samples were harvested from 49 polar bears through a community-based monitoring program. The samples were analyzed for 32 metals. Exploratory analysis indicated that mean metal concentrations generally did not vary by age or sex, and many of the metals measured in feces were positively correlated with the internal tissue concentration. We developed predictive linear regression models between internal (muscle, liver, fat) and external (feces) metal concentrations and further explored the mercury and methylmercury relationships for utility risk screening. Using the cross-validated regression coefficients, we developed a conversion tool that contributes to the One Health approach by understanding the interrelated health of humans, wildlife, and the environment in the Arctic. The findings support using feces as a biomonitoring tool for assessing contaminants in polar bears. Further research is needed to validate the developed models for other regions in the Arctic and assess the impact of environmental weathering on fecal metal concentrations.
Concept of the knowledge-based city logistics: Problems and solutions
Authors: Iwan Stanisław , Wagner Natalia , Kijewska Kinga , Jensen Sidsel Ahlmann
Published: June 2024

Efficient city logistics is essential to build smart sustainable cities where inhabitants’ well-being is a priority. Meanwhile, despite the great importance of city logistics processes, their improvement is problematic for many cities. Although solutions from the field of emerging technologies are more and more often used, the question is whether implementing technological tools and filling cities with sensors is a sufficient solution that can solve the problems of intensely growing urban freight transport. The aim of the paper is to examine the role of knowledge management in city logistics and identify barriers to the implementation of knowledge-based city logistics. A key element of the research procedure was an expert survey, to which 31 international experts specialising in city logistics issues were invited, characterised by extensive experience working on research projects in the area of interest. Four knowledge management processes have been transferred to the city logistics area. The results of the study show that the difficulties are observed mainly in the processes of data gathering and knowledge acquisition. The main reason for difficulties in that area is the reluctance of city users, retailers, transport and logistics operators to share information. Identifying these processes as the most problematic is a valuable hint for logistics managers, municipalities and academics. To improve knowledge-based city logistics, it is therefore necessary to focus on these processes and look for the best solutions and new forms of organisational and business support. The solution to the problems identified in the study is the proposal to create a city logistics collaborative knowledge base which is a combination of an IT tool ‐ the CL knowledge management platform, and the Freight Quality Partnership.
Cross-sectional study on the health of workers exposed to occupational noise in China
Authors: Jin Nan , He Wei , Zhang Huadong , Deng Huaxin , Zhao Qi , Chen Fengqiong , Zhong Xiaoni , Yuan Fang
Published: June 2024

Objective

This study aimed to understand the health of workers exposed to occupational noise and explore the influencing factors related to workers’ health, especially the impact of noise on workers’ hearing. This work can provide a basis for formulating relevant measures for occupational noise prevention and control in the future.

Methods

On the basis of the key occupational disease monitoring project in Chongqing, China, in 2021, the data of 1125 workers exposed to occupational noise were analyzed. Data included demographic information, occupational history, clinical physical examination information, and noise detection information of the working environment. Chi-square test and multifactorial logistic regression were used for statistical analysis.

Results

The prevalence rates of abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG), blood pressure (BP), and pure tone audiometry (PTA) were 21.9% (246/1125), 27.8% (313/1125), and 18.0% (202/1125), respectively. Male workers accounted for 78.8%. Compared with male workers, female workers had a lower prevalence of abnormal PTA (OR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.16–0.50). Workers working in medium enterprises had a lower prevalence of abnormal BP than workers in micro enterprises (OR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.19–0.66). The prevalence of abnormal BP and PTA of workers increased with age. After adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index, the prevalence of abnormal ECG of mining workers was higher than that of manufacturing workers (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.07–2.24), and the prevalence of abnormal PTA had a rising trend with the increase in noise exposure value.

Conclusion

Noise-exposed workers have a high prevalence of abnormal ECG, BP, and PTA, and factors such as age, enterprise size, and workplace noise exposure are correlated with the aberrant health of workers. Governments, enterprises, and individuals need to attach great importance to the possible adverse effects of noise. They must also actively adopt various effective measures to protect the occupational safety and health of workers.
Self-medication with antibiotics during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study among adults in Tema, Ghana
Authors: Hackman Henry Kwadwo , Annison Lawrence , Arhin Reuben Essel , Adjei George Osei , Otu Phyllis , Arthur-Hayford Emele , Annison Sharon , Borteih Bernard Bortei
Published: June 2024

Background

Antibiotic self-medication is one of the common causes of antibiotic resistance of bacterial organisms. The COVID-19 pandemic introduced a new paradigm shift and significantly influenced healthcare behaviors, including an increase in antibiotic self-medication, which contributes to antibiotic resistance. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of antibiotic self-medication and the possible associated factors during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic among adult residents of Tema in Ghana from April to July 2021.

Methods

Using a cross-sectional design, 400 adults were randomly selected and surveyed using a researcher-assisted questionnaire. Data were analyzed with IBM® SPSS® Statistics Version 22.0, considering associations significant at a 95% confidence interval (p < 0.05).

Results

Of the 400 respondents, (76%) 304 had practiced antibiotic self-medication within the previous 12 months during the COVID-19 pandemic. Significant factors associated with antibiotic self-medication included gender, age, marital status, education, occupation, and National Health Insurance Scheme subscription. Convenience and avoiding long hospital queues were primary non-medical reasons for antibiotic self-medication, while previous successful experience, easy access to antibiotics, treating symptoms, prophylaxis, and fear of hospital infection were the medical reasons for antibiotic self-medication. Commonly self-administered antibiotics were azithromycin (34%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (22%), and metronidazole (16%) for perceived respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract infections.

Conclusions

The high prevalence of antibiotic self-medication observed during the COVID-19 pandemic underscores the need for enhanced public education and stricter enforcement of regulations governing antibiotic sales. The non-medical and medical factors of convenience, avoiding long hospital queues, previous successful experience, easy access to antibiotics, treating symptoms, prophylaxis, and fear of hospital infection which motivated antibiotic self-medication practices require the implementation of antimicrobial stewardship interventions.