bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coordinate Attention Filtering Depth-Feature Guide Cross-Modal Fusion RGB-Depth Salient Object Detection
Authors: Meng Lingbing , Yuan Mengya , Shi Xuehan , Liu Qingqing , Zhange Le , Wu Jinhua , Dai Ping , Cheng Fei
Published: May 2023

Existing RGB + depth (RGB-D) salient object detection methods mainly focus on better integrating the cross-modal features of RGB images and depth maps. Many methods use the same feature interaction module to fuse RGB and depth maps, which ignores the inherent properties of different modalities. In contrast to previous methods, this paper proposes a novel RGB-D salient object detection method that uses a depth-feature guide cross-modal fusion module based on the properties of RGB and depth maps. First, a depth-feature guide cross-modal fusion module is designed using coordinate attention to utilize the simple data representation capability of depth maps effectively. Second, a dense decoder guidance module is proposed to recover the spatial details of salient objects. Furthermore, a context-aware content module is proposed to extract rich context information, which can predict multiple objects more completely. Experimental results on six benchmark public datasets demonstrate that, compared with 15 mainstream convolutional neural network detection methods, the saliency map edge contours detected by the proposed model have better continuity and the spatial structure details are clearer. Perfect results are achieved on four quantitative evaluation metrics. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the three proposed modules is verified through ablation experiments.
Transcript Characteristics on the Susceptibility Difference of Bovine Respiratory Disease
Authors: Cao Hang , Fang Chao , Wang Qiong , Liu Ling-Ling , Liu Wu-Jun
Published: May 2023

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the major health issues in the cattle industry, resulting in significant financial crises globally. There is currently no good treatment, and cattle are made resistant to pneumonia through disease-resistant breeding. The serial blood samples from six Xinjiang brown (XJB) calves were collected for the RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). The obtained six samples were grouped into two groups, in each group as infected with BRD and healthy calves, respectively. In our study, the differential expression mRNAs were detected by using RNA-seq and constructed a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network related to the immunity in cattle. The key genes were identified by protein interaction network analysis, and the results from RNA-seq were verified using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). A total of 488 differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs were identified. Importantly, the enrichment analysis of these identified DEGs classified them as mainly enriched in the regulation and immune response processes. The 16 hub genes were found to be related to immune pathways categorized by PPIs analysis. Results revealed that many hub genes were related to the immune response to respiratory disease. These results will provide the basis for a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of bovine resistance to BRD.
A Lightweight Cryptographic Algorithm Based on DNA Computing for IoT Devices
Authors: Qaid Gamil R. S. , Ebrahim Nadhem Sultan
Published: May 2023

Internet of Things (IoT) applications are used in almost every part of our life, so it is important to protect the sensitive data and information that is transmitted over wireless networks such as images and documents. The IoT devices have limited computational resources; they are called limited devices due to their limited processors and memory size. Traditional encryption methods require a lot of computing power; therefore, it is difficult to implement traditional cryptographic algorithm on IoT processor. Finally, a new, lightweight encryption method based on the DNA sequence is proposed to suit the IoT devices in a way to make an easy and secure the communications among the IoT devices. DNA sequences are very random, so we have used it to make a strong secret key that is hard for attackers to break. The proposed method has an advantage in terms of efficiency and strength. Experiments and security tests show that the proposed encryption system not only has a good encryption effect and can withstand known attacks, but it is also fast enough for real-world use. The DNA key is used to encrypt files using two simple and reliable methods such as substitution and transposition procedures that meet IoT computational requirements. In addition, when compared with other encryption algorithms, the experimental results shows that the key size, encryption time, and distortion preparation are all superior.
ONC201 in Combination with Paxalisib for the Treatment of H3K27-Altered Diffuse Midline Glioma
Authors: Jackson Evangeline R. , Duchatel Ryan J. , Staudt Dilana E. , Persson Mika L. , Mannan Abdul , Yadavilli Sridevi , Parackal Sarah , Game Shaye , Chong Wai Chin , Jayasekara W. Samantha N. , Grand Marion Le , Kearney Padraic S. , Douglas Alicia M. , Findlay Izac J. , Germon Zacary P. , McEwen Holly P. , Beitaki Tyrone S. , Patabendige Adjanie , Skerrett-Byrne David A. , Nixon Brett , Smith Nathan D. , Day Bryan , Manoharan Neevika , Nagabushan Sumanth , Hansford Jordan R. , Govender Dinisha , McCowage Geoff B. , Firestein Ron , Howlett Meegan , Endersby Raelene , Gottardo Nicholas G. , Alvaro Frank , Waszak Sebastian M. , Larsen Martin R. , Colino-Sanguino Yolanda , Valdes-Mora Fatima , Rakotomalala Andria , Meignan Samuel , Pasquier Eddy , André Nicolas , Hulleman Esther , Eisenstat David D. , Vitanza Nicholas A. , Nazarian Javad , Koschmann Carl , Mueller Sabine , Cain Jason E. , Dun Matthew D.
Published: May 2023

Diffuse midline gliomas (DMG), including diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG), are the most lethal of childhood cancers. Palliative radiotherapy is the only established treatment, with median patient survival of 9 to 11 months. ONC201 is a DRD2 antagonist and ClpP agonist that has shown preclinical and emerging clinical efficacy in DMG. However, further work is needed to identify the mechanisms of response of DIPGs to ONC201 treatment and to determine whether recurring genomic features influence response. Using a systems-biological approach, we showed that ONC201 elicits potent agonism of the mitochondrial protease ClpP to drive proteolysis of electron transport chain and tricarboxylic acid cycle proteins. DIPGs harboring PIK3CA mutations showed increased sensitivity to ONC201, whereas those harboring TP53 mutations were more resistant. Metabolic adaptation and reduced sensitivity to ONC201 was promoted by redox-activated PI3K/Akt signaling, which could be counteracted using the brain penetrant PI3K/Akt inhibitor, paxalisib. Together, these discoveries coupled with the powerful anti-DIPG/DMG pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of ONC201 and paxalisib have provided the rationale for the ongoing DIPG/DMG phase II combination clinical trial NCT05009992.

Significance:

PI3K/Akt signaling promotes metabolic adaptation to ONC201-mediated disruption of mitochondrial energy homeostasis in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma, highlighting the utility of a combination treatment strategy using ONC201 and the PI3K/Akt inhibitor paxalisib.
Resíduos de construção e demolição: fundamentos sobre gestão e reciclagem
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Escola Politécnica, Angulo Sérgio Cirelli , Ulsen Carina ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Escola Politécnica
Published: May 2023

Este livro tem por objetivo disseminar conhecimentos sobre gestão e reciclagem de resíduos da construção e demolição (RCD). O livro é estruturado em três capítulos. No primeiro capítulo, são apresentados tópicos como a estruturação legal da gestão do RCD, formas de classificação dos resíduos, rotas de reciclagem para os diferentes tipos de resíduos, e indicadores de geração do RCD. No segundo capítulo, as tipologias das usinas de reciclagem, principais operações de processamento, e finalidades discutidas. No terceiro capítulo, estão organizadas as especificações normativas brasileiras do agregado reciclado (AR), o principal produto da reciclagem do RCD, bem como os aspectos mais importantes das principais aplicações na construção, camadas de base de pavimentação, e uso como materiais cimentícios (argamassas e concretos). O conteúdo apresentado é o relacionado a disciplina de graduação PCC 3556, ofertada principalmente para os estudantes de Engenharia Civil, Engenharia Ambiental da Escola Politécnica, e o curso de Arquitetura, da Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo (FAU), Campus da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), em São Paulo.
O cinema contemporâneo nas margens e o cosmopolitismo periférico a partir de Angela Prysthon
Authors: Porfírio Iago
Published: May 2023

Esta resenha apresenta o recente livro da professora e pesquisadora da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Angela Prysthon (2022), Retrato das margens: do terceiro cinema ao cinema periférico, publicado pela Pontes Editoras, em que a autora rediscute o lugar que ocupam o terceiro cinema e o cinema periférico latino-americanos – com especial atenção para Argentina e Brasil, mas voltando-se também para o cinema português, francês, espanhol, palestino, entre outros –, no debate e na história do recente cinema mundial, a partir de uma releitura dos Estudos Culturais, na relação do realismo com diferentes culturas representadas pelo cinema de modo geral, tendo como ênfase um certo cosmopolitismo periférico.
Entrevista com Glauber Rocha, por Agneša Kalinová para a Revista Film & doba (Cinema e Tempo) 1967
Authors: Kalinová Agneša , Delfino Luiza Wollinger
Published: May 2023

Entrevista com Glauber Rocha, por Agneša Kalinová para a Revista Film & doba (Cinema e Tempo) 1967
Desvendando o Pampa Gaúcho: desde os caminhos dos dinossauros até a Cratera de Impacto
Authors: Bruno Mauro Daniel Rodrigues , Santos-Filho Marcos Antônio Batista dos , Candido Mariane , Ebling Priscila dos Santos , Diniz Jaqueline Lopes , Sander Victória Herder , Luft-Souza Fernanda , Vázquez-García Bernardo , Rodrigues Daiana , Leite Luiz Filipe Silva e Souza , Aumond Gustavo Nunes
Published: May 2023

A região da fronteira entre Brasil (municípios de Santana do Livramento e Quaraí, no Rio Grande do Sul), Uruguai e Argentina contempla grande geodiversidade. No território brasileiro, é possível visitar importantes geossítios situados no contexto da Bacia do Paraná. A geodiversidade dessa fronteira é pouco divulgada em publicações científicas. Entretanto, a região é retratada em diversas obras literárias que correlacionam as tradições de sua população com os monumentos naturais. Este estudo consiste na divulgação de uma rota geoturística para essa região, considerando os seguintes objetivos: divulgar sua diversidade geológica para o público em geral; e promover o geoturismo e a geoconservação por meio de um roteiro. Este inicia-se no Cerro Palomas (Santana do Livramento), onde os visitantes podem contemplar o relevo da região, composto de morros testemunhos formados por arenitos. A área do entorno desse cerro é formada por rochas sedimentares que contêm pegadas de dinossauros. Quando se parte em direção ao Cerro do Jarau (Quaraí/RS), ao longo do trajeto ocorrem diversos geossítios formados por rochas vulcânicas. Ao fim do roteiro, encontra-se o cerro em si, que é composto de rochas sedimentares e vulcânicas. Sua forma circular, associada a minerais formados em crateras de impacto, demonstra que essa estrutura corresponde a um astroblema. A elaboração e divulgação desse roteiro pode auxiliar nas medidas de implantação e potencialização do geoturismo, além de incentivar a geoconservação, fortalecer a divulgação da geodiversidade e da cultura regional.
Expanding Our Methodological Toolbox to Improve Quality: The Role of Mixed-Methods Evaluations
Authors: Chandanabhumma P. Paul , Zhou Shiwei , Fetters Michael D. , Likosky Donald S.
Published: May 2023

The care delivered to patients with cardiovascular disease involves coordination among a multitude of clinical team members spanning diverse inpatient and outpatient settings. The majority of quality improvement interventions in cardiovascular care have been developed based on quantitative evidence, which neither fully accounts for multilevel determinants (eg, patient, clinician, and institution) nor contextualization from key informants. The rigor and effectiveness of these interventions would be enhanced by mixed-methods studies whose strengths include (1) the use of qualitative research methodologies (eg, eliciting patient or clinician perspectives on barriers and facilitators of best practices) and (2) integrating qualitative and quantitative data and analyses to understand more fully effective strategies for achieving optimal care and outcomes for these patients across diverse settings. This article illustrates the application of a complex mixed-methods design to advance an evidence-based, customizable infection prevention toolkit for durable left ventricular assist device therapy. The study (1) uses quantitative clinical data merged with Medicare claims to evaluate interhospital variability in the incidence of infection; (2) uses qualitative methods to understand local practice patterns across low- and high-performing centers; and (3) integrates both data sources to gain a comprehensive understanding of the overall findings.
Critical Role of the cGAS-STING Pathway in Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Luo Wei , Zou Xiaoyi , Wang Yidan , Dong Zheng , Weng Xinyu , Pei Zhiqiang , Song Shuai , Zhao Yongchao , Wei Zilun , Gao Rifeng , Zhang Beijian , Liu Liwei , Bai Peiyuan , Liu Jin , Wang Xiang , Gao Tingwen , Zhang Yang , Sun Xiaolei , Chen Hang , Hu Kai , Du Shisuo , Sun Aijun , Ge Junbo
Published: May 2023

Background:

Doxorubicin is an effective chemotherapy drug for treating various types of cancer. However, lethal cardiotoxicity severely limits its clinical use. Recent evidence has indicated that aberrant activation of the cytosolic DNA-sensing cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS)-STING (stimulator of interferon genes) pathway plays a critical role in cardiovascular destruction. Here, we investigate the involvement of this mechanism in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC).

Methods:

Mice were treated with low-dose doxorubicin to induce chronic DIC. The role of the cGAS-STING pathway in DIC was evaluated in
cGAS
-deficiency (c
GAS
−/−
),
Sting
-deficiency (
Sting
−/−
), and interferon regulatory factor 3 (
Irf3
)-deficiency (
Irf3
−/−
) mice. Endothelial cell (EC)-specific conditional
Sting
deficiency (
Sting
flox/flox
/Cdh5-Cre
ERT
) mice were used to assess the importance of this pathway in ECs during DIC. We also examined the direct effects of the cGAS-STING pathway on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) homeostasis in vitro and in vivo.

Results:

In the chronic DIC model, we observed significant activation of the cGAS-STING pathway in cardiac ECs. Global
cGAS
,
Sting
, and
Irf3
deficiency all markedly ameliorated DIC. EC-specific
Sting
deficiency significantly prevented DIC and endothelial dysfunction. Mechanistically, doxorubicin activated the cardiac EC cGAS-STING pathway and its target, IRF3, which directly induced CD38 expression. In cardiac ECs, the cGAS-STING pathway caused a reduction in NAD levels and subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction via the intracellular NAD glycohydrolase (NADase) activity of CD38. Furthermore, the cardiac EC cGAS-STING pathway also regulates NAD homeostasis and mitochondrial bioenergetics in cardiomyocytes through the ecto-NADase activity of CD38. We also demonstrated that pharmacological inhibition of TANK-binding kinase 1 or CD38 effectively ameliorated DIC without compromising the anticancer effects of doxorubicin.

Conclusions:

Our findings indicate a critical role of the cardiac EC cGAS-STING pathway in DIC. The cGAS-STING pathway may represent a novel therapeutic target for preventing DIC.
Role of Dickkopf-3 in Blood Pressure Regulation in Mice and Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Busceti Carla Letizia , Carrizzo Albino , Bianchi Franca , De Lucia Massimiliano , Damato Antonio , Cazzin Chiara , Venturini Eleonora , Di Pietro Paola , Ginerete Roxana Paula , Di Menna Luisa , Cotugno Maria , Stanzione Rosita , Marchitti Simona , Migliarino Serena , Ciccarelli Michele , Sciarretta Sebastiano , Bruno Valeria , Battaglia Giuseppe , Fornai Francesco , Volpe Massimo , Rubattu Speranza , Nicoletti Ferdinando , Vecchione Carmine
Published: May 2023

Background:

Dkk3 (Dickkopf-3) is a secreted glycoprotein known for its proapoptotic and angiogenic activity. The role of Dkk3 in cardiovascular homeostasis is largely unknown. Remarkably, the
Dkk3
gene maps within a chromosome segment linked to the hypertensive phenotype in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).

Methods:

We used Dkk3
−/−
mice or stroke-resistant (sr) and stroke-prone (sp) SHR to examine the role of Dkk3 in the central and peripheral regulation of blood pressure (BP). We used lentiviral expression vector to rescue Dkk3 in knockout mice or to induce Dkk3 overexpression or silencing in SHR.

Results:

Genetic deletion of
Dkk3
in mice enhanced BP and impaired endothelium-dependent acetylcholine-induced relaxation of resistance arteries. These alterations were rescued by restoring Dkk3 expression either in the periphery or in the central nervous system (CNS). Dkk3 was required for the constitutive expression of VEGF (vascular endothelium growth factor), and the action of Dkk3 on BP and endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation was mediated by VEGF-stimulated phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase pathway, leading to eNOS (endothelial NO synthase) activation both in resistance arteries and the CNS. The regulatory function of Dkk3 on BP was confirmed in SHR stroke-resistant and SHR stroke-prone in which was blunted in both resistance arteries and brainstem. In SHR stroke-resistant, lentiviral expression vector–induced Dkk3 expression in the CNS largely reduced BP, whereas
Dkk3
knock-down further enhanced BP. In SHR stroke-prone challenged with a hypersodic diet, lentiviral expression vector–induced Dkk3 expression in the CNS displayed a substantial antihypertensive effect and delayed the occurrence of stroke.

Conclusions:

These findings demonstrate that Dkk3 acts as peripheral and central regulator of BP by promoting VEGF expression and activating a VEGF/Akt (protein kinase B)/eNOS hypotensive axis.
Sympathetic Nervous Hyperactivity Impairs Microcirculation Leading to Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Demura Munehiro , Ishii Hiroshi , Takarada-Iemata Mika , Kamide Tomoya , Yoshikawa Akifumi , Nakada Mitsutoshi , Hori Osamu
Published: May 2023

Background:

Although early brain injury (EBI) is recognized as a critical step following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), its pathophysiology and underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Herein, we investigated the role of cerebral circulation in the acute phase using patient data and a mouse SAH model and evaluated its regulation via the sympathetic nervous system.

Methods:

The cerebral circulation time and neurological outcomes in the human body were retrospectively examined in 34 SAH cases with ruptured anterior circulation aneurysms and 85 cases with unruptured anterior circulation cerebral aneurysms at Kanazawa University Hospital from January 2016 to December 2021. In a mouse study, a SAH model was created via endovascular perforation, and India-ink angiography was performed over time. Additionally, bilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy was performed immediately before surgery, and neurological scores and brain water content were evaluated after SAH.

Results:

Cerebral circulation time was prolonged in the acute phase of SAH compared with that in the unruptured cerebral aneurysm group, especially in those with electrocardiographic changes. Furthermore, it was more prolonged in the poor prognosis group (modified Rankin Scale scores 3–6) than in the good prognosis group (modified Rankin Scale scores 0–2) at discharge. In mice, cerebral perfusion was significantly reduced at 1 and 3 hours after SAH and recovered at 6 hours. superior cervical ganglionectomy improved cerebral perfusion without altering the diameter of the middle cerebral artery at 1 hour and improved neurological outcomes at 48 hours after SAH. Consistently, brain edema, quantified by brain water content, was improved by superior cervical ganglionectomy 24 hours after SAH.

Conclusions:

Sympathetic hyperactivity may play a critical role in the development of EBI by impairing cerebral microcirculation and edema in the acute phase following SAH.
Bridging the Gap between Synthetic and Natural Questions via Sentence Decomposition for Semantic Parsing
Authors: Niu Yilin , Huang Fei , Liu Wei , Cui Jianwei , Wang Bin , Huang Minlie
Published: May 2023

Semantic parsing maps natural language questions into logical forms, which can be executed against a knowledge base for answers. In real-world applications, the performance of a parser is often limited by the lack of training data. To facilitate zero-shot learning, data synthesis has been widely studied to automatically generate paired questions and logical forms. However, data synthesis methods can hardly cover the diverse structures in natural languages, leading to a large gap in sentence structure between synthetic and natural questions. In this paper, we propose a decomposition-based method to unify the sentence structures of questions, which benefits the generalization to natural questions. Experiments demonstrate that our method significantly improves the semantic parser trained on synthetic data (+7.9% on KQA and +8.9% on ComplexWebQuestions in terms of exact match accuracy). Extensive analysis demonstrates that our method can better generalize to natural questions with novel text expressions compared with baselines. Besides semantic parsing, our idea potentially benefits other semantic understanding tasks by mitigating the distracting structure features. To illustrate this, we extend our method to the task of sentence embedding learning, and observe substantial improvements on sentence retrieval (+13.1% for Hit@1).
One step closer but still far from solving the puzzle – The phylogeny of marine associated mites (Acari, Oribatida, Ameronothroidea) inferred from morphological and molecular genetic data
Authors: Pfingstl Tobias , Bardel-Kahr Iris , Schliep Klaus
Published: May 2023

Marine associated oribatid mites belong mainly to the Ameronothroidea which represent a very small percentage of all Oribatida. Over the last decades the systematics and evolutionary history of this group has been discussed controversially and still there is no consensus concerning several issues. The extreme marine environment may have resulted in parallel morphologies complicating the classification and estimation of phylogeny based on discrete morphological traits. In the present study, we performed a molecular genetic study using a mitochondrial and two nuclear markers to infer the phylogeny of this group. Additionally, we reconstructed the phylogeny of Ameronothroidea based on morphological data using different algorithms. Both methods resulted in largely congruent topologies and highlight the following important points: the Ameronothroidea represent a paraphyletic assemblage; the Podacaridae are a distinct family and should be excluded from Ameronothridae; the Fortuyniidae, Selenoribatidae and Tegeocranellidae constitute a monophyletic lineage; and certain genera of Selenoribatidae need a revision. These results demonstrate that the classification of Ameronothroidea and certain positions within this group need to be thoroughly reconsidered and revised. The present study also shows that phylogenetic estimates based on coded morphological data can be a very helpful tool for verifying and supporting molecular phylogenies.
The Photographer’s Visual Grammar: Visual Rightness and Aesthetics of Artistic Photographs
Authors: Vissers Nathalie , Wagemans Johan
Published: May 2023

We are living in a world where photography is everywhere, and almost everyone is a photographer (in the sense of producing photographs with some aesthetic aspiration). Yet, despite the democratic nature of the medium, which suggests that anyone can make great photographs, there are large differences in the aesthetic quality of photographs. Scientifically, we do not yet grasp very well what differentiates aesthetic from non-aesthetic photographs, and how this results in a different viewer experience. In this study, we explored the visual rightness of 21 high-quality artistic photographs, compared with their ecologically valid less-than-optimal variants (one to four alternatives). The high-quality photographs were selected from an online contemporary photography competition which is judged by experts (http://www.life-framer.com). The alternatives were variants provided by the photographers themselves. Participants () preferred the original photograph significantly more than chance level for the majority of the sets (13 out of 21), and significantly less than chance level for a minority of sets (three out of 21). This is in line with the visual rightness theory of picture perception, maintaining that artists are experts in creating visually right images, and that this is salient to nonexpert viewers. Yet, the preference for the original differed greatly between sets (range: 9.63–79.68%) and the original photograph was also the most preferred one in ‘only’ 12 out of 21 sets. Qualitative content analysis showed that preferences were influenced by many levels of photographic information (color, contrast, sharpness, composition, emotional expression, etc.), which were often working together. The most aesthetically powerful photographs reveal a skillful combination of medium, form, and subject matter levels, to produce an optimal visual message. Results have implications for empirical aesthetics, the photography practice, and for our understanding of photography literacy, a key topic in a world where there are many more photographs than humans that can appreciate them.
Description of a new species of Poeciloxestia Lane from Venezuela (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)
Authors: HALLER PIERRE , SANTOS-SILVA ANTONIO
Published: May 2023

A new species, Poeciloxestia nitida sp. nov., is described from Venezuela. The alternative of couplet in two previous keys, in which the new species can be included, is commented.
Revision of Heteroscelis Latreille, 1829 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae) with the description of a new species from Colombia
Authors: SAMPAIO VINICIUS GOMES , ROELL TALITA , CAMPOS LUIZ ALEXANDRE
Published: May 2023

The Asopinae comprises about 300 species and 63 genera of predatory stinkbugs, of which around 100 species and 23 genera occur in the Neotropical region. The species of the Neotropical genus Heteroscelis Latreille, 1829 are easily recognized by the small size, vivid and often iridescent colors, the elongated head, and the foretibial foliaceous expansions. In this work we provide a taxonomic revision of Heteroscelis. The genus and its four known species are redescribed, and one new species from Colombia, Heteroscelis vandembergi Sampaio & Campos, sp.nov., is proposed. A distribution map, and a key to the species of Heteroscelis are presented.
New subgeneric reports of the genus Chelonus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from India and Sri Lanka with description of nine species
Authors: RANJITH A.P. , PRIYADARSANAN DHARMA RAJAN
Published: May 2023

Subgenera of the braconid genus Chelonus Panzer, Carinichelonus, Megachelonus, Mirachelonus and Parachelonus from India and Areselonus from Sri Lanka are reported for the first time with the description of nine new species. Taxonomic keys for the identification of subgenera reported from India and extant species of Areselonus and Megachelonus are provided. All the subgenera included in the present study are provided with revised diagnoses.
­­­Revision­­­ of­­­ the ­­­genus ­­­Dimophora ­­­Förster­­­ (Hymenoptera:­­­ Ichneumonidae:­­­ Cremastinae) ­­­from­­­ Japan
Authors: OMATSU YUJI , KONISHI KAZUHIKO
Published: May 2023

The genus Dimophora Förster is recorded from Japan for the first time. Japanese species of the genus are revised and three new species, Dimophora japonica n. sp., D. nigra n. sp. and D. parva n. sp., are recognizerd and described. Male genitalia of D. japonica and D. nigra are described and these are the first description of male genitalia for the genus. A key to the Palearctic species is provided.
Description of seven new species of Edessa Fabricius, 1803 from Central America (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Edessinae)
Authors: BITAR MURILO VICTOR SILVA , MENDONÇA MARIA THAYANE DA SILVA , FERNANDES JOSÉ ANTÔNIO MARIN
Published: May 2023

Not much is known about the Central American stink bug fauna of the Edessinae subfamily. A recent survey of Costa Rican species from this subfamily listed 65 species, of which 47 were new additions. More recently, a description of a group of species of Edessa added more three species to the fauna of Costa Rica. This work is part of a series of articles aiming to review Edessinae from Central America. In this article seven new species are described from Panama and Costa Rica: Edessa bituberculata sp. n., E. bivenulata sp. n., E. enargocelida sp. n., E. fuscolimbata sp. n., E. fuscopunctata sp. n., E. helvoalata sp. n. and E. holochlorata sp. n.
An annotated checklist of the Diptera of the Galápagos Archipelago (Ecuador)
Authors: SINCLAIR BRADLEY J.
Published: May 2023

The Diptera fauna of the Galápagos Archipelago is updated and an annotated checklist is presented. Currently 50 families, 207 genera, and a minimum of 324 species are recorded from the islands. Approximately 107 species are considered to have arrived on the Galápagos Islands through human introductions, an estimated 101 species are considered endemic, 42 species have naturally colonized the islands from mainland Americas, 21 species are either introduced or arrived naturally and 53 species remain unidentified. The following new combination is proposed: Chrysanthrax primitivus (Walker) is moved to Hemipenthes Loew as H. primitivus (Walker) comb. nov. All references to the Galápagos taxonomic literature are included, known island species distributions listed and general remarks on the biology of many species are provided.
Stochastic Bifurcation of the North Atlantic Circulation under a Midrange Future Climate Scenario with the NASA-GISS ModelE
Authors: Romanou Anastasia , Rind David , Jonas Jeff , Miller Ron , Kelley Maxwell , Russell Gary , Orbe Clara , Nazarenko Larissa , Latto Rebecca , Schmidt Gavin A.
Published: May 2023

A 10-member ensemble simulation with the NASA GISS-E2-1-G climate model shows a clear bifurcation in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) strength under the SSP2–4.5 extended scenario. At 26°N, the bifurcation leads to 8 strong AMOC and 2 much weaker AMOC states, while at 48°N, it leads to 8 stable AMOC-on and 2 nearly AMOC-off states, the latter lasting approximately 800 years. A variety of fully coupled models have demonstrated tipping points in AMOC through hosing experiments, i.e., prescribing sufficient freshwater inputs in the subpolar North Atlantic. In the GISS simulations, there are no external freshwater perturbations. The bifurcation arises freely in the coupled system and is the result of stochastic variability (noise-induced bifurcation) associated with sea ice transport and melting in the Irminger Sea after a slowing of the greenhouse gas forcing. While the AMOC strength follows the near shutdown of the Labrador Sea deep convection initially, the Irminger Sea salinity and deep mixing determine the timing of the AMOC recovery or near collapse at 48°N, which varies widely across the ensemble members. Other feedbacks such as ice-albedo, ice-evaporation, E − P, and the overturning salt-advection feedback play a secondary role that may enhance or reduce the primary mechanism which is ice melt. We believe this is the first time that a coupled climate model has shown such a bifurcation across an initial condition ensemble and might imply that there is a chance for significant and prolonged AMOC slow down due to internal variability of the system.

Significance Statement

We believe this is the first time that divergent AMOC behavior has been reported for an ensemble of Earth system model simulations using identical climate forcing and no prescribed freshwater perturbations. This response is a manifestation of noise-induced bifurcation, enhanced by feedbacks, revealing the role stochastic (or intrinsic) variability may play in AMOC stability.
Rapidly Increasing Number and Cost of Residency Applications in Surgery
Authors: Singh Nikhi P. , Boyd Carter J.
Published: May 2023

Background

Surgical specialties represent the most competitive residency positions to obtain, and applicants for these spots may apply to increasingly more programs in an attempt to match. We describe trends in residency applications across all surgical specialties from 2017 to 2021 application cycles.

Materials and Methods

This review of the 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021 surgical residency application cycles used the American Association of Medical Colleges’ Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) databases. Data from a total of 72,171 applicants to United States surgical residencies during the study’s time period were included. The 2021 ERAS fee schedule was used to calculate the cost of applications.

Results

The number of applicants across the study interval remains unchanged. Trends suggest more women and underrepresented minorities in medicine are applying to surgical residencies today compared to 5 years ago. The mean number of applications per applicant increased 32.0% from 39.3 in 2017 to 51.8 in 2021, resulting in an increased application fee cost of $329 per applicant. Mean total cost for application fees alone in 2021 were $1211 per applicant. In 2021, the cost of applying to surgical residency for all applicants was over $26 million, a nearly $8 million increase from 2017.

Conclusions

There has been an increase in the number of applications per applicant in the past 5 residency application cycles. Increased applications create barriers and burdens for applicants, and residency program personnel. These rapid increases are unsustainable and require intervention, although a viable solution has yet to be elucidated.
Changes in Pediatric Non-accidental Trauma Emergency Department Visits During and Following the COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Gilchrist S. Austin , Stanfield Jennifer , Tan Martin Aaron M. , Hicks R. Chace , Urevick Alexander , Cabbage Tanner , Bhattacharya S. Dave
Published: May 2023

A level 1 pediatric trauma registry database was examined for all non-accidental trauma (NAT) emergency department visits between 2016 and 2021, and average injury severity score assigned to those patients with physical injuries over 2019-2021. There was a decline in NAT visits in 2020 (267) from prior years (343 visits average over 2016-2019), with subsequent increase in 2021 (548). Injury severity score increased (ISS) in 2020 (7.3) when compared to 2019 (5.71), with a decline in average ISS in 2021 (5.42). This data highlights the potential for missed abuse during closures with increased detection following reopening. Our data regarding ISS demonstrates the pediatric population is at risk of more severe abuse during times of familial stress. We need increased awareness that periods of vulnerability to NAT exist, as seen during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Intravenous Versus Rectal Contrast in CT Imaging for Abdominal Gunshot Wounds
Authors: Rendel Ricardo , Hepner John , Reese Miles , Collins Jay , Burgess Jessica
Published: May 2023

CT imaging with rectal contrast historically has been a useful tool to help identify potential colon/rectal injuries; however, recent trends have shown less utilization of rectal contrast, in favor of IV contrast CT imaging alone. A retrospective review of patients with abdominal gunshot wounds was carried out to compare the two CT imaging techniques. An analysis of patients with colorectal injuries was conducted. Patients with IV contrast had a sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 96.8%. The PPV was 87.5% and NPV was 95.8%. In the IV and rectal contrast group, the sensitivity was 88.9% and specificity was 90.5%. The PPV was 80% and NPV was 95%. The proportion of missed injuries between the two was not statistically significant, p=0.18. The study suggests that while CT imaging with rectal contrast confidently identifies colon/rectal injuries, there are often secondary findings that will correctly prompt surgical exploration.
Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Peritoneal Chemotherapy in Appendiceal and Colorectal Cancer: Outcomes and Survival
Authors: Djadou Teresa Moreno , Poh Keat Seong , Yellinek Shlomo , Fayazzadeh Hana , El-Hayek Kevin , Simpfendorfer Conrad H. , DaSilva Giovanna , Wexner Steven D.
Published: May 2023

Background

We reviewed outcomes following cytoreductive surgery/hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for patients with appendiceal or colorectal neoplasms and evaluated key prognostic indicators for treatment.

Methods

All patients who underwent cytoreductive surgery/HIPEC for appendiceal and colorectal neoplasms were identified from an IRB-approved database. Patient demographics, operative reports, and postoperative outcomes were reviewed.

Results

110 patients [median age 54.5 (18-79) years, 55% male] were included. Primary tumor location was colorectal (58; 52.7%) and appendiceal (52; 47.3%). 28.2%, .9%, and 12.7% had right, left, and sigmoid tumors, respectively; 11.8% had rectal tumors. 12/13 rectal cancer patients underwent preoperative radiotherapy. Mean Peritoneal Cancer Index was 9.6 ± 7.7; complete cytoreduction was achieved in 90.9%. 53.6% developed postoperative complications. Reoperation, perioperative mortality, and 30-day readmission rates were 1.8%, .09%, and 13.6%, respectively. Recurrence at a median of 11.1 months was 48.2%; overall survival at 1 and 2 years was 84% and 56.8%, respectively; disease-free survival was 60.8% and 33.7%, respectively, at a median follow-up of 16.8 (0-86.8) months. Univariate analysis of preoperative chemotherapy, primary malignancy location, primary tumor perforated or obstructive, postoperative bleeding complication, and pathology of adenocarcinoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma and negative lymph nodes were identified as possible predictive factors of survival. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative chemotherapy ( P < .001), perforated tumor ( P = .003), and postoperative intra-abdominal bleeding ( P < .001) were independent prognostic indicators for survival.

Conclusions

Cytoreductive surgery/HIPEC for colorectal and appendiceal neoplasms has low mortality and high completeness of cytoreduction score. Preoperative chemotherapy, primary tumor perforation, and postoperative bleeding are adverse risk factors for survival.
Identifying Risk Factors for AMA Discharge After Injury at a Level 1 Trauma Center
Authors: Ugarte Chaiss , Schellenberg Morgan , Gallagher Shea , Park Stephen , Epstein Larissa , Matsushima Kazuhide , Martin Matthew J. , Inaba Kenji
Published: May 2023

Background

Discharging a patient against medical advice (AMA) is used to describe when a patient opts to leave the hospital prior to a physician’s recommendation while acknowledging the risks of doing so. There are limited published data that identify risk factors for patients leaving AMA, particularly after trauma.

Objective

This study sought to delineate risk factors for AMA discharge after trauma.

Methods

Trauma patients who left AMA at our ACS-verified level 1 trauma center were retrospectively included (2021-2022) without exclusions. Demographics, clinical/injury data, and outcomes were collected. The primary outcome was patient-stated reason for leaving AMA. Study variables were summarized with descriptive statistics.

Results

During the study period, 262 (8%) of 3218 admitted trauma patients left AMA. Psychiatric disease was present in most patients (n = 197, 75%), including substance abuse (n = 146, 56%), and alcohol abuse (n = 95, 36%). Common patient-stated reasons for leaving AMA were inability/unwillingness to wait for procedure, imaging, or placement (n = 56, 22%); and psychiatric disease other than alcohol/substance abuse (n = 39, 15%). Of the patients who left AMA, 29% (n = 77) returned to the hospital 30 days, and 13% (n = 35) were readmitted.

Conclusion

Patients who leave AMA are at elevated risk of returning to the hospital, which incurs additional costs in already resource-constrained systems. These findings provide impetus for early identification of high-risk patients and efforts to decrease wait times for imaging, procedures, and placement. These actions may mitigate AMA discharges and their resultant impact on patients and hospitals.
Selectivity Quantification with the Fluorescent Quantitative Model-Assisted Semi-Selective Probe (Carbon Dots): Accurate Determination of Chlortetracycline in Aqueous Environments with Interference
Authors: Chen Yang , Yan Xiu-Fang , Bin Jun , Liang Yan-Mei , Wang Fu-Xin , Yang Min , Kang Chao
Published: May 2023

Probes such as carbon dots (C-dots) have extensive and important applications in the quantitative analysis of complex biological and environmental systems. However, the development of probes is often hindered by incomplete selectivity, i.e., a probe that responds to one substance is also prone to respond to coexisting structurally similar substances. Therefore, the above dilemma often leads to be developed as semi-selective probes, so that the development of probes is abandoned halfway. This work shows how a semi-selective probe can enhance selectivity by combining a proper multivariate calibration model. Primarily, we developed a semi-selective fluorescent probe that responded to tetracyclines (TCs) with discarded tobacco leaves. Then, we introduced the multivariate quantitative fluorescence model (QFM) to enhance its selectivity and solve the problem of fluorescence spectral shift. For the determination of chlortetracycline (CTC) with this semi-selective C-dots probe in mineral and lake water samples and compared to the traditional quantitative model, the introduced QFM resulted in an average relative predictive error (ARPE) in mineral water spiked samples decreased from 57.1 to 5.6%, which reduced the ARPE in the lake water spiked samples from 18.1 to 4.7%. The above results show that the QFM-assisted semi-selective probe C-dots strategy (QFMC−dots) can enhance selectivity, and QFMC−dots achieved high-selective and accurate determination of CTC in interfering mineral and lake water samples, with the limit of detection and limit of quantitation of 0.55 and 1.66 μM, respectively. The proposed strategy of enhancing selectivity by introducing a proper multivariate calibration model can reduce the difficulty and increase success rate of developing probes, which can be expected to provide an interesting alternative for the development of probes, especially when encountering semi-selective problems.
Reclaiming History: How the Marland Report Addressed Culturally, Linguistically, and Economically Diverse Students
Authors: Gallagher Shelagh A.
Published: May 2023

The 50th anniversary of the Marland Report provides an opportunity to reflect on its impact on the field of gifted education. A critical question is how the Marland Report addressed the need for equity, especially since the Marland federal definition made no explicit mention of culturally, linguistically, or economically different gifted students. This article presents a review of (a) the history leading to the Marland Report, (b) the report’s content concerning equity in gifted education, and (c) the activity that resulted directly from the Marland legislation through the National/State Leadership Training Institute on the Gifted and the Talented, including national conferences and two teacher institutes about “culturally different” gifted students between 1973 and 1981. Implications include the consequences of neglecting the unique contributions the National/State Leadership Training Institute on the Gifted and the Talented made to the field and a suggested agenda for moving forward that includes long-desired changes and new directions.
An innovation systems approach to understanding forage adoption intensity in the dairy systems of Kenya and Ethiopia
Authors: Morrison Rosie , Teufel Nils , Duncan Alan , Barnes Andrew
Published: May 2023

The adoption of cultivated forages in smallholder dairy systems offers a cost-effective way to increase the productivity of livestock. The Kenyan and Ethiopian governments have both stated an ambition to increase the use of forages in their dairy sectors; however, policies have failed to produce widespread results. Existing research tends to focus on local barriers to forage adoption and not the wider innovation environment. To fill this literature gap, this study uses a Tobit model to analyse village-level data from Kenya and Ethiopia in 2015. A potentially important relationship between milk buyers and forage intensity in Ethiopia, which has not previously been addressed in the literature, is identified. As the Ethiopian government dominates the forage sector, the results of this study indicate that private milk buyers may offer an alternative source of information. In the Kenyan context, this paper finds that informal institutions and farmer-to-farmer information transmission are important in adoption decisions and should be considered when designing extension strategies.
The new patterns of organization and innovation for the future
Authors: Sayyadi Mostafa , Provitera Michael J.
Published: May 2023

The world awaits new patterns of organization and innovation for the future. In the future, companies need to compete globally and also must think globally if they want to succeed. And these new markets demand new practices for organizations. Companies can continue the path of the current situation, or make it more effective with more effective practices. There is a multifaceted set of practices to consider.
A review and meta-analysis of conventional sternotomy versus minimally invasive mitral valve surgery for degenerative mitral valve disease focused on the last decade of evidence
Authors: Hussain Sajad , Swystun Alexander G , Caputo Massimo , Angelini Gianni D , Vohra Hunaid A
Published: May 2023

Objectives

Early meta-analyses comparing minimally invasive mitral valve surgery (MIMVS) with conventional sternotomy (CS) have determined the safety of MIMVS. We performed this review and meta-analysis based on studies from 2014 onwards to examine the differences in outcomes between MIMVS and CS. Specifically, some outcomes of interest included renal failure, new onset atrial fibrillation, mortality, stroke, reoperation for bleeding, blood transfusion and pulmonary infection.

Methods

A systematic search was performed in six databases for studies comparing MIMVS with CS. Although the initial search identified 821 papers in total, nine studies were suitable for the final analysis. All studies included compared CS with MIMVS. The Mantel – Haenszel statistical method was chosen due the use of inverse variance and random effects. A meta-analysis was performed on the data.

Results

MIMVS had significantly lower odds of renal failure (OR: 0.52; 95% CI 0.37 to 0.73, p < 0.001), new onset atrial fibrillation (OR: 0.78; 95% CI 0.67 to 0.90, p < 0.001), reduced prolonged intubation (OR: 0.50; 95% CI 0.29 to 0.87, p = 0.01) and reduced mortality (OR: 0.58; 95% CI 0.38 to 0.87, p < 0.01). MIMVS had shorter ICU stay (WMD: −0.42; 95% CI −0.59 to −0.24, p < 0.001) and shorter time to discharge (WMD: −2.79; 95% CI −3.86 to −1.71, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

In the modern era, MIMVS for degenerative disease is associated with improved short-term outcomes when compared to the CS.