bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Collaboration scope and product innovation in B2B markets: are there too many cooks or is it the customer who spoils the broth?
Authors: Mooi Erik , Osinga Ernst Christiaan , Santos Carlos Daniel
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Product innovations are often the result of combinations of internal and external knowledge. A significant amount of open innovation literature has argued that working with external partners can be beneficial, in particular, when this is complemented by internal R&D, yet a wholesale shift to open innovation has not occurred. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate two new limits of openness, grounded in attention-based theory, that help explain why such a shift has not occurred. This study argues that specific combinations of identities a firm collaborates with, that is, whether a partner is classified as a customer, supplier, competitor or university and/or technological center, predictably increase and decrease product innovation.

Design/methodology/approach

This study demonstrates these findings using econometric techniques on a large-scale panel data set, comprising 14,682 observations.

Findings

The authors observe positive effects of customer collaboration, partner scope (collaboration with other outside identities) and internal R&D when considered separately. Critically, they observe two important situations where these positive effects are reduced. First, they argue and observe that when customers are added to the mix of identities, diminished returns on product innovation result. Second, they argue and observe that technological customer collaboration reduces the benefits from an internal R&D department (more than collaboration with other identities). The findings of this study are robust in that singling out another partner identity does not reveal such patterns.

Research limitations/implications

The findings stress the importance of considering the identity of collaborating parties in studying the impact of openness on innovation success. This study conceptually and empirically rejects the – implicitly held – assumption in the literature that different partners provide similar benefits and are interchangeable.

Practical implications

This study proposes new limits to the “open innovation” literature. As identities are easy to observe by managers and are shown to impact product innovation, this study argues they are highly relevant to managerial decision-making. This study also observes, through counterfactual analysis, that attention limits are critical, as a theoretical setting of no attention limits would significantly lift product innovations.

Originality/value

This study shows important limitations to the open innovation literature by showing that customer collaboration leads to declining rates of product innovation when combined with greater collaboration scope or the internal R&D department. This study adds the novel insight that customer collaboration weakens the positive effect of collaboration scope and internal R&D on product innovations.
The determinants of an information security policy compliance culture in organisations: the combined effects of organisational and behavioural factors
Authors: Amankwa Eric , Loock Marianne , Kritzinger Elmarie
Published: March 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the individual and combined effects of organisational and behavioural factors on employees’ attitudes and intentions to establish an information security policy compliance culture (ISPCC) in organisations.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on factors derived from the organisational culture theory, social bond theory and accountability theory, a testable research model was developed and evaluated in an online survey that involves the use of a questionnaire to collect quantitative data from 313 employees, from ten different organisations in Ghana. The data collected were analysed using the partial least squares-structural equation modelling approach, involving the measurement and structural model tests.

Findings

The study reveals that the individual measures of accountability – identifiability (2.4%), expectations of evaluation (38.8%), awareness of monitoring (55.7%) and social presence (−41.2%) – had weak to moderate effects on employees’ attitudes towards information security policy compliance. However, the combined effect showed a significant influence. In addition, organisational factors – supportive organisational culture (15%), security compliance leadership (2%) and user involvement (63%) – showed positive effects on employees’ attitudes. Further, employees’ attitudes had a substantial influence (65%), while behavioural intentions demonstrated a weak effect (24%) on the establishment of an ISPCC in the organisation. The combined effect also had a substantial statistical influence on the establishment of an ISPCC in the organisation.

Practical implications

Given the findings of the study, information security practitioners should implement organisational and behavioural factors that will have an impact on compliance, in tandem, with the organisational effort to build a culture of compliance for information security policies.

Originality/value

The study provides new insights on how to address the problem of non-compliance with regard to the information security policy in organisations through the combined application of organisational and behavioural factors to establish an information security policy compliance culture, which has not been considered in any past research.
Does foreign direct investment stimulate the output growth of the formal economic sector in Vietnam: a subnational-level analysis
Authors: Dao Thi Bich Thuy , Ngo Vi Dung
Published: March 2022

Purpose

This study focuses on the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth of the formal sector comprising all foreign and domestic registered enterprises engaged in production of goods and services.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a balanced longitudinal data set for the period from 2006 to 2014 from secondary sources in 63 provinces/cities of Vietnam. The generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation for a dynamic panel data model is applied.

Findings

The greater the share of FDI in capital resource, the more favorable the output growth in the whole formal sector. The FDI enterprises are more productive than domestic formal firms, and the output growth of FDI firms creates a positive spillover effect on the output growth of domestic firms.

Originality/value

The effect of FDI on economic growth is investigated at subnational level for the whole formal economic sector as well as the formal domestic firms. The domestic and foreign industrial agglomerations and the business environment are also examined.
Comovements and spillovers in international commercial and residential real estate markets
Authors: Kishor N. Kundan
Published: March 2022

Purpose

This study aims to know to what extent do the commercial and residential estate markets move together in different economies? Do the shocks originating in one of these markets spillover to the other markets?

Design/methodology/approach

The authors apply a modified version of the dynamic factor model to commercial and residential real estate prices in the Euro area, Hong Kong, Singapore and the USA. This modified dynamic factor model decomposes price growth in these two real estate markets into common, spillover and idiosyncratic components.

Findings

The results show significant heterogeneity in the relative importance of different components in the evolution of commercial and residential price growth across different economies. The findings suggest that the spillover from the residential to commercial real estate market dominates the spillover from the commercial to real estate market for all the economies in our sample. The authors also find that the common component accounts for a large fraction of the price movements in the residential markets in the European Union (EU) area and the USA, whereas spillover and common components together explain more than two-thirds of the variations in Hong Kong and Singapore. The results suggest that the role of spillover from one market to another increased significantly during the financial crisis of 2008–2009.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the existing literature on how the transmission of shocks takes place across commercial and residential real estate markets. The transmission of shocks can take place in two directions in the proposed framework. There may be a direct spillover from a shock from one market to another. This corresponds to a shock to the idiosyncratic component affecting the other idiosyncratic component. In this paper, the authors are mainly interested in indirect spillover where the shock would transmit from the idiosyncratic factor to the common factor, and then from the common factor to the other idiosyncratic factor.
The regulations concerning the protection of the national security of the host country and the legitimate expectations of the foreign investments
Authors: Heidari Ahmad
Published: March 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the legal system that overrules these concerns within the body of the international investment laws. The question which remains is how can host countries and their ruling bodies maintain their national security without disregarding the legitimate expectations of foreign investments and their international responsibilities?

Design/methodology/approach

Balancing the relationship between the national security of the host country and the legitimate expectations of the foreign investments is one of the oldest challenges within the body of the international investment laws because the realization of the right to maintain the national security, without regulating the host countries, leaves room for corruption, and meeting the legitimate expectations of the foreign investments can lead to the disruption of the national sovereignty of the host country.

Findings

Studies show that the international investment laws do not take a clear stance when it comes to regulating the relationship between the national security of the host countries and the legitimate expectations of the foreign investments and that they are, in fact, in some cases, paradoxical and disorganized; there are instances of attempts to overprotect the national security of the host country, while the rights and the benefits of the foreign investments are disregarded,

Originality/value

At times there is an attempt to expand the realm of legitimate expectations of the foreign investments which would, in turn, disrupt the national security of the host country.
Green innovation and environmental misconduct
Authors: Rayfield Blake , Unsal Omer
Published: March 2022

Purpose

The aim of this study is to discuss the idea that the legal cost of environmental violations, along with reputational concerns, may persuade firms to generate more green patents.

Design/methodology/approach

This study examines the relationship between firms generating green patents and environmental violations. The authors show the green innovation trend over the past two decades and explore the potential motivations behind it. In addition, the authors investigate the impact of regulatory actions, such as governmental finds, on green innovation.

Findings

The authors find that firms that commit environmental violations switch to producing green patents in the long-run. The authors also document that market reaction following environmental offenses is negative for firms with a high ratio of green patents in their portfolio.

Originality/value

This study explores innovation. The authors investigate the literature and trends of green innovation over the past 20 years. The authors also find that green innovation is growing at a relatively slow rate. Overall, this study highlights the importance of green innovation and firms’ response to corporate wrongdoing.
What do we know about CSR authenticity? A systematic review from 2007 to 2021
Authors: Song Baobao , Dong Chuqing
Published: March 2022

Purpose

This study aims to crystallize the research landscape of corporate social responsibility (CSR) authenticity by systematically analyzing CSR scholarships published in peer-reviewed journals from 2007 to 2021.

Design/methodology/approach

Quantitative content analysis was used to systematically analyze 52 peer-reviewed articles on CSR authenticity. In particular, this study coded the conceptualizations and operationalizations of CSR authenticity, research contexts, applied theoretical frameworks and constructs associated with authenticity in the CSR scholarships.

Findings

This study’s analysis revealed that CSR authenticity is a multifaceted and multidimensional concept researched in various contexts. Yet, it still lacks clear and consistent conceptualization and theorization. Methodologically, qualitative and quantitative methods have equally contributed to the investigation of CSR authenticity. However, scale development and validation still need to improve.

Research limitations/implications

The sample of this research is limited by the searching method and language restriction. This research contributes to CSR scholarships by describing the growing landscape of CSR authenticity research, identifying key research gaps and offering suggestions for future research.

Practical implications

Practitioners can use the findings as references to develop more authentic CSR activities.

Originality/value

This study is an early attempt to examine the research on CSR authenticity, which has been inconclusive and disorganized, despite the rapid growth of publications in recent years.
Mitigating knowledge-sharing risks among ICT knowledge workers in the government sector
Authors: Al-Ajmi Zainab , Al-Busaidi Kamla Ali
Published: March 2022

Purpose

This study aims to assess the knowledge-sharing risks and controls in the government sector from the knowledge workers’ perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

This qualitative study combines two techniques. First, the study uses the Delphi technique to identify the risks and rank them. Second, the study used a follow-up interview approach to identify the needed controls to mitigate these identified risks.

Findings

The Delphi study revealed the top knowledge-sharing risks are related to organizational and individual risks. Furthermore, the study identified the top controls that needed to mitigate these identified risks from technology, process and people dimensions. The study findings suggested that implementing controls on people and processes is the most important, and the focus must be on them, especially in the government sector.

Originality/value

The study offers several practical implications for the government sector to establish a knowledge-sharing risks management strategy. Such study has been given little attention in previous research, especially in developing countries.
Citizens and the state during crisis: Public authority, private behaviour and the Covid‐19 pandemic in France
Authors: ANDERSON CHRISTOPHER J.
Published: March 2022

How do democratic states induce citizens to comply with government directives during times of acute crisis? Focusing on the onset of the Covid‐19 pandemic in France, I argue that the tools states use to activate adherence to public health advice have predictable and variable effects on citizens’ willingness to change their routine private behaviours, both because of variation in their levels of restrictiveness but also because of differences in people's political motivations to comply with them. Using data collected in March 2020, I show that people's reports of changes in their behavioural routines are affected by the signals governments send, how they send them and the level of enforcement. I find that a nationally televised speech by President Macron calling for cooperative behaviour and announcing new restrictions elevated people's willingness to comply. Moreover, while co‐partisanship with the incumbent government increased compliance reports before the President's primetime television address, presidential approval boosted reports of compliance after.
Otorrhagia in strangulations: An important but often underestimated finding in forensic pathology
Authors: Barranco Rosario , Tettamanti Camilla , Bonsignore Alessandro , Ventura Francesco
Published: March 2022

In forensic practice, it is not always easy to determine whether a person has died from strangulation. The recommended physical examination includes a thorough inspection of the head, neck, oral cavity, and eyes. Ligature marks are sometimes absent or poorly delineated, especially when soft devices are used. Otorrhagia is poorly described in neck compression, and it is often an underestimated finding. Here, we report a case of massive bilateral otorrhagia produced during strangulation (death by garrotting), and we discuss the possible pathophysiological mechanisms. As our case demonstrates, otorrhagia can be a sign of neck compression and can aid in the diagnosis of death from strangulation. Therefore, a thorough examination of the external ear and otoscopy are recommended procedures in cases concerning for strangulation.
Studying islandness through the language of art
Authors: Brinklow Laurie
Published: March 2022

Phenomenology lends itself to the study of islandness, and because works by poets and painters are often rooted in place they are also highly amenable to phenomenological studies. In such studies, threads of similarity and connection in people’s experiences of living on islands are revealed in ways that are of interest to geographers as well as those in allied and complementary disciplines. This article describes research in Tasmania and Newfoundland by a poet and academic profoundly interested in place. Based in interpretive and qualitative research methodologies, the methods used in the study included participant‐observation and semi‐structured interviews with writers, artists, and musicians whose artistic practices were expressive of islandness and abductive analysis. In addition, poetic interpretations became part of an iterative process that enabled my engagement in phenomena shared with and by participants. Poetry became a way to creatively reimagine academic research and offered opportunities to deepen contextual understanding and insight into people’s understandings of islandness in ways not always possible through academic avenues.
CircATIC inhibits esophageal carcinoma progression and promotes radiosensitivity by elevating RHCG through sponging miR‐10‐3p
Authors: Zhang Kai , Fan Ruitai , Zhao Deyao , Liu Peipei , Yang Zheng , Liu Junqi , Zhang Song , Rao Shilei , Wang Yang , Wan Lixin
Published: March 2022

Background

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are implicated in the progression and radiosensitivity of human cancers, including esophageal carcinoma (ESCA). In this study, we aimed to explore the functions of circRNA 5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase (circATIC) in ESCA progression.

Methods

CircATIC expression, miR‐10b‐3p and Rh family C glycoprotein (RHCG) were examined via quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), western blot assay or immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay. 5′‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU), wound‐healing, transwell, and cell colony formation assays and flow cytometry analysis were conducted to evaluate cell proliferation, migration, invasion, radiosensitivity and apoptosis, respectively. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay and RNA pulldown assay were conducted to analyze the relationships among circATIC, miR‐10b‐3p and RHCG. A murine xenograft model assay was performed to explore the functions of circATIC in tumor formation and radiosensitivity in vivo.

Results

CircATIC was decreased in ESCA. CircATIC overexpression suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion and promoted radiosensitivity and apoptosis in ESCA cells in vitro and repressed tumor formation and radioresistance in vivo. Functionally, circATIC served as the sponge for miR‐10b‐3p, which directly targeted RHCG. MiR‐10b‐3p elevation reversed circATIC‐mediated effect on ESCA cell progression. Moreover, miR‐10b‐3p inhibition suppressed cell growth and metastasis and enhanced radiosensitivity in ESCA cells by targeting RHCG.

Conclusions

Overexpression of circATIC hampered ESCA progression and promoted radiosensitivity depending on the regulation of miR‐10b‐3p and RHCG.
Comparison of lipid metabolism between broodstock and hybrid offspring in the hepatopancreas of juvenile shrimp (Macrobrachium nipponense): Response to chronic ammonia stress
Authors: Li Yiming , De Ji , Jiang Qichen , Yang Ying , Xu Wenyue , Du Xinglin , Zhao Yunlong
Published: March 2022

Ammonia nitrogen is a major pollutant that causes great physiological harm to crustaceans in culture. In this study, we conducted a 28 day chronic ammonia nitrogen stress experiment with broodstock populations (Dianshan, DS) and hybrid offspring populations (DS ♀ × CD (Changjiang ♂ × Dongting ♀), SCD) exposed to 0, 1 and 10 mg/L of ammonia concentrations. A 28 day feeding trial and chronic ammonia nitrogen stress were used to investigate the effects on the growth performance, histological structure and lipid metabolism of juvenile shrimp, Macrobrachium nipponense. Our results indicated that survival rates in the SCD groups were significantly higher than those in the DS groups, whereas weight and length gain rates were not significantly different between the groups (p > 0.05). Histological structure results showed that the number of vacuoles in the DS group was significantly higher than that in the SCD group and hepatopancreas cell structures were disrupted in the ammonia treatment groups. The results of oil red staining showed that the number of lipid droplets increased significantly with the increase in ammonia concentration. As the ammonia concentration increased, fatty acid contents, lipid enzyme activities and lipid metabolism‐related gene expression all tended to rise. In conclusion, ammonia nitrogen exposure caused damage to the hepatopancreas structure of juvenile shrimp and disturbed the lipid metabolism of the hepatopancreas. In addition, the SCD population had stronger stress resistance than the DS population when subjected to the same concentration of ammonia nitrogen stress.
Singapore's Threat Perception: The Barter Trade Crisis and Malaysia's Decision to Use Military Force against Singapore, October–December 1965
Authors: Yaacob Abdul Rahman
Published: March 2022

This article examines the barter trade crisis between Singapore and Malaysia from October to December 1965. Singapore separated from Malaysia on 9 August 1965 after acrimonious relations during the merger period. After the separation, both parties experienced difficulties in their relations with each other, which at times led to tensions. Singapore's attempt to resume barter trade with Indonesia immediately after the separation drew a sharp response from Malaysia. Drawing on archival materials, this article examines the events surrounding the barter trade crisis, an under‐researched area within the literature of Singapore's defence policy and history. The barter trade crisis was significant because the Malaysian political leadership had clearly and unequivocally declared their intent to use military force against Singapore for the first time since the separation. As a result of the Malaysian military threat, Singapore abandoned the barter trade proposals. The event arguably left an enduring impact on Singapore's threat perceptions against Malaysia.
A man with severed spine is able to walk again following implantation of electrical stimulation device
Authors: Han Jason J.
Published: March 2022

Patients with devastating spinal cord injuries regained the ability to stand, walk, and perform even more complex motor functions after receiving implants that deliver epidural electrical stimulation.
Complete Q‐matrices in conjunctive models on general attribute structures
Authors: Heller Jürgen
Published: March 2022

In cognitive diagnostic assessment a property of the Q‐matrix, usually referred to as completeness, warrants that the cognitive attributes underlying the observed behaviour can be uniquely assessed. Characterizations of completeness were first derived under the assumption of independent attributes, and are currently under investigation for interdependent attributes. The dominant approach considers so‐called attribute hierarchies, which are conceptualized through a partial order on the set of attributes. The present paper extends previously published results on this issue obtained for conjunctive attribute hierarchy models. Drawing upon results from knowledge structure theory, it provides novel sufficient and necessary conditions for completeness of the Q‐matrix, not only for conjunctive models on attribute hierarchies, but also on more general attribute structures.
Hair cortisol reduction and social integration enhancement after a mindfulness‐based intervention in children
Authors: Carro Natalia , Ibar Carolina , D'Adamo Paola , Gonzalez Diego , Berg Gabriela , Fabre Bibiana , Lozada Mariana
Published: March 2022

Background

Over recent decades, chronic stress at an early age has become a worrying health problem in children. We seek to evaluate an intervention involving mindfulness‐based practices and prosocial activities in 7‐ to 8‐year‐old children.

Methods

Stress levels were determined using hair cortisol concentration (HCC), and social integration was measured by means of a sociogram. The program had previously proven to be effective in decreasing salivary cortisol levels and in favouring social integration in children. A total of 35 children participated in the study: 18 constituted the intervention group and 17 the wait‐list group. In both groups, HCC and social integration were evaluated before and after the intervention conducted throughout an entire school year.

Results

The experimental group showed a significant reduction in HCC, as well as significant enhancement of social integration levels, whereas no changes were observed in the wait‐list group.

Conclusions

This is the first research to show that HCC, a reliable neuroendocrine indicator, decreased as a result of a mindfulness‐based program. This successful outcome adds new evidence to previous findings regarding the reduction of chronic stress in children following participation in this program.
The developmental origins of a default moral response: A shift from honesty to dishonesty
Authors: Sai Liyang , Shang Siyuan , Zhao Changzhi , Liu Xinchen , Jiang Yuanyuan , Compton Brian J. , Fu Genyue , Heyman Gail D.
Published: March 2022

People are sometimes tempted to lie for their own benefit if it would not harm others. For adults, dishonesty is the default response in these circumstances. The developmental origins of this phenomenon were investigated between 2019 and 2021 among 6‐ to 11‐year‐old Han Chinese children from China (N = 548, 49% female). Children had an opportunity to win prizes in a behavioral economics game (Experiment 1) or a temptation resistance game adapted from developmental psychology (Experiment 2). In each experiment, the youngest children showed a default tendency of honesty and there was an overall age‐related shift toward a default tendency of dishonesty. These findings provide direct evidence of developmental change in the automatic and controlled processes that underlie moral behavior.
Impact of smoking on peri‐implant bleeding on probing
Authors: Amerio Ettore , Blasi Gonzalo , Valles Cristina , Blanc Vanessa , Àlvarez Gerard , Arredondo Alexandre , Nart Jose , Monje Alberto
Published: March 2022

Background

Studies around natural dentition demonstrated that smoking can reduce the tendency of inflamed tissue to bleed upon probing after controlling for possible confounders. In addition, previous research suggested that smokers may present alterations of the peri‐implant microbiome.

Aim

This study aimed at investigating the impact of smoking on: (1) peri‐implant bleeding on probing (BOP; primary objective); (2) the association between BOP/bone loss and BOP/visible gingival inflammation; (3) peri‐implant microbiome.

Methods

Partially edentulous patients with implants restored with a single crowns were included in this study. Subjects were either smokers (≥1 cigarettes per day) or nonsmokers (never smokers). The primary outcome of this cross‐sectional study was BOP and secondary outcomes included: Probing pocket depth (PPD), Modified gingival Index (mGI) and Progressive Marginal Bone Loss. In addition, microbial profiles of the subjects were assessed through sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Univariate and multilevel multivariate analyses by means of Generalized Estimating Equations were conducted to analyze the association between smoking and peri‐implant BOP.

Results

Overall, 27 nonsmokers and 27 smokers were included and 96.3% and 77.78% of patients presented peri‐implant BOP in the nonsmoker and smoker group, respectively (p = 0.046). Smoking was inversely associated with BOP in the multivariate multilevel analysis (OR = 0.356; 95% CI: 0.193–0.660; p = 0.001) whereas a positive correlation was demonstrated for mGI > 0 (OR = 3.289; 95% CI: 2.014–5.371; p < 0.001); PPD (OR = 1.692; 95% CI: 0.263–0.883; p = 0.039) and gender (OR = 2.323; 95% CI: 1.310–4.120 p = 0.004). A decrease of BOP sensitivity in detecting visible gingival inflammation (mGI > 0) was observed in smokers. Besides, taxonomic and changes in diversity regarding the peri‐implant microbiota were detected comparing the two groups. Significantly higher richness of the microbiota was demonstrated in the smoker group when implants affected by peri‐implantitis were compared to either healthy implants or implants presenting mucositis.

Conclusions

Smoking is a potential modifier of BOP and peri‐implant microbiota.
Immediate implant placement with or without socket grafting: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Seyssens Lorenz , Eeckhout Célien , Cosyn Jan
Published: March 2022

Objectives

To assess the effect of grafting the gap (SG) between the implant surface and alveolar socket on hard and soft tissue changes following single immediate implant placement (IIP).

Materials and Methods

Two independent reviewers conducted an electronic literature search in Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane databases as well as a manual search to identify eligible clinical studies up to August 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing IIP with and without SG were included for a qualitative analysis. Meta‐analyses were performed when possible.

Results

Out of 3627 records, 15 RCTs were selected and reported on 577 patients who received 604 single immediate implants (IIP + SG: 298 implants in 292 patients; IIP: 306 implants in 285 patients) with a mean follow‐up ranging from 4 to 36 months. Two RCTs showed low risk of bias. Meta‐analysis revealed 0.59 mm (95% CI [0.41; 0.78], p < 0.001) or 54% less horizontal buccal bone resorption following IIP + SG when compared to IIP alone. In addition, 0.58 mm (95% CI [0.28; 0.88], p < 0.001) less apical migration of the midfacial soft tissue level was found when immediate implants were installed with SG. A trend towards less distal papillary recession was found (MD 0.60 mm, 95% CI [−0.08; 1.28], p = 0.080) when SG was performed, while mesial papillae appeared not significantly affected by SG. Vertical buccal bone changes were also not significantly affected by SG. Insufficient data were available for meta‐analyses on horizontal midfacial soft tissue changes, pink esthetic score, marginal bone level changes, probing depth and bleeding on probing. Based on GRADE guidelines, a moderate recommendation for SG following IIP can be made.

Conclusion

SG may contribute to horizontal bone preservation and soft tissue stability at the midfacial aspect of immediate implants. Therefore, SG should be considered as an adjunct to IIP in clinical practice.
Self‐reported impact of developmental stuttering across the lifespan
Authors: Boyce Jessica O. , Jackson Victoria E. , van Reyk Olivia , Parker Richard , Vogel Adam P. , Eising Else , Horton Sarah E. , Gillespie Nathan A. , Scheffer Ingrid E. , Amor David J. , Hildebrand Michael S. , Fisher Simon E. , Martin Nicholas G. , Reilly Sheena , Bahlo Melanie , Morgan Angela T.
Published: March 2022

Aim

To examine the phenomenology of stuttering across the lifespan in the largest prospective cohort to date.

Method

Participants aged 7 years and older with a history of developmental stuttering were recruited. Self‐reported phenotypic data were collected online including stuttering symptomatology, co‐occurring phenotypes, genetic predisposition, factors associated with stuttering severity, and impact on anxiety, education, and employment.

Results

A total of 987 participants (852 adults: 590 males, 262 females, mean age 49 years [SD = 17 years 10 months; range = 18–93 years] and 135 children: 97 males, 38 females, mean age 11 years 4 months [SD = 3 years; range = 7–17 years]) were recruited. Stuttering onset occurred at age 3 to 6 years in 64.0%. Blocking (73.2%) was the most frequent phenotype; 75.9% had sought stuttering therapy and 15.5% identified as having recovered. Half (49.9%) reported a family history. There was a significant negative correlation with age for both stuttering frequency and severity in adults. Most were anxious due to stuttering (90.4%) and perceived stuttering as a barrier to education and employment outcomes (80.7%).

Interpretation

The frequent persistence of stuttering and the high proportion with a family history suggest that stuttering is a complex trait that does not often resolve, even with therapy. These data provide new insights into the phenotype and prognosis of stuttering, information that is critically needed to encourage the development of more effective speech therapies.

What this paper adds

Half of the study cohort had a family history of stuttering.

While 75.9% of participants had sought stuttering therapy, only 15.5% identified as having recovered.

There was a significant negative correlation between age and stuttering frequency and severity in adults.
Impaired fibrin clot lysis is associated with increased mortality in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting: A long‐term follow‐up study
Authors: Gołąb Aleksandra , Plicner Dariusz , Wypasek Ewa , Natorska Joanna , Kapelak Bogusław , Plens Krzysztof , Undas Anetta
Published: March 2022

Background

Mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is primarily thromboembolic by nature. We investigated whether impaired fibrinolysis observed in cardiovascular diseases is associated with long‐term mortality following CABG.

Methods

The study population comprised 292 consecutive patients (aged 64.6 ± 8.1 years) who underwent scheduled CABG. We measured plasma clot lysis time (CLT) preoperatively as a measure of fibrinolysis capacity. Cardiovascular and all‐cause deaths were recorded during a median follow‐up of 13.8 years.

Result

CLT positively correlated with age (r = .56, p < .001), fibrinogen (r = .25, p = .002) and EuroSCORE I (r = .32, p < .001). The cardiovascular and overall mortality rates were 3.0 and 4.9 per 100 patient‐years (32.4% vs 52.8%) respectively. In patients who died from cardiovascular and all causes, CLT was prolonged compared with survivors (both p < .050). Multivariable Cox regression analysis adjusted for potential confounders showed that long‐term cardiovascular and all‐cause deaths were associated with CLT (HR per 10 min 1.206; 95% CI 1.037–1.402, p = .015 and HR 1.164; 96% CI 1.032–1.309, p = .012), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HR per 1 mmol/L 1.556; 95% CI 1.205–2.010, p < .001 and HR 1.388; 96% CI 1.125–1.703, p = .002), C‐reactive protein (HR per 10 mg/L 1.171; 95% CI 1.046–1.312, p = .006 and HR 1.127; 95% CI 1.005–1.237, p = .022) and EuroSCORE I (HR 1.173; 95% CI 1.016–1.355, p = .030 and HR 1.183; 95% CI 1.059–1.317, p = .003 respectively). Type 2 diabetes was solely associated with overall mortality (HR 1.594; 96% CI 1.088–2.334, p = .017).

Conclusions

In this study, we showed that reduced fibrin clot susceptibility to fibrinolysis is weekly associated with long‐term mortality in advanced CAD.
Validation of a sampling method: using one square centimeter for sampling the immature stages of Bemisia tabaci in soybean
Authors: Weber Igor Daniel , Czepak Cecilia , Albernaz‐Godinho Karina Cordeiro , Borges Kevyllen Moreira Barbosa , Coelho Alexandre Siqueira Guedes
Published: March 2022

Recently, a sampling method was proposed to estimate the population of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. (Fabaceae), by counting its immature stages on 1 cm² leaf surface as a sampling unit to reduce the effort required. However, no study has verified whether this sampling unit could accurately estimate the immature stages similar to counting individuals in the total area of a soybean leaflet. Thus, we studied the correlation between the counts performed in 1 cm² and those in the total area of a leaflet to validate the ‘squared centimeter’ method as a sampling unit for immature stages of the whitefly. The research was carried out in two commercial soybean crops during the 2018/2019 harvest in Brazil. Each sampling was conducted by four individuals at 12 random collection points in the field. A plant was divided into three parts: apical, middle, and lower thirds, where a trifoliate leaf was removed from each of these plant thirds. For the evaluation, the trifoliate leaf was divided into left, central, and right leaflets. The immature whitefly population on its abaxial face was evaluated using two methods: counting in 1 cm² and counting in the total area of the leaflet. The four stages of immature B. tabaci quantified and identified were egg, crawler, nymphal stage 1–4 (N1–N4), and pseudo‐pupa. Significant positive correlations were detected between the mean counts in 1 cm² and in the total area of the soybean leaflet for the four whitefly stages. However, the correlation was weak for the crawler stage. Therefore, this study elucidates that 1 cm2 as sampling unit is suitable for estimating the population densities of eggs, N1–N4, and pseudo‐pupa stages of B. tabaci in soybean plants.
Exploring the potential impacts of machine learning on trust in fishery management
Authors: Sohns Antonia , Hickey Gordon M. , Temby Owen
Published: March 2022

Recent literature and empirical research show that both trust and collaboration are of great importance for effective fishery management. The application of Machine Learning (ML) to fishery management offers exciting new opportunities for data synthesis and analysis and integrated insights across typically siloed domains. Yet, challenges remain as ML approaches provide new means of monitoring, enforcement and data analysis. Trust is among the underlying bases of collaboration, and control is the main means of shaping collaborative decision‐making techniques. As ML changes the dynamics of governance and enhances management control mechanisms, ML affects trust. ML methods are being introduced into a context that suffers a lack of transparency and trust between fishers and managers. As ML technologies continue to be used to inform fishery management and influence knowledge sharing and communication within the fishery network, forms of trust existing in the management network will be impacted differently. This article provides a concise review of a subset of potential ML applications to fishery management to explore how these emerging methods may impact forms of trust between fishery stakeholders.
Majority Rules: Establishing Postamajority Support to Disabled Children in New York
Authors: Marek Kamila
Published: March 2022

Many families in New York have disabled children who are chronically dependent on others for care. Yet, the State is in the minority of jurisdictions that fails to adequately recognize a parental duty to support a disabled adult child. New York law generally terminates a parent's legal duty to provide support once his or her child reaches the age of majority. This Note proposes adopting legislation in New York to enforce an indefinite postmajority support order if: (1) the child became disabled prior to his or her eighteenth birthday and (2) the child is incapable of becoming self‐sufficient.
APSIM‐Tropical Pasture model parameterization for simulating Marandu palisade grass growth and soil water in irrigated and rainfed cut‐and‐carry systems
Authors: de Souza Débora Pantojo , Mendonça Fernando Campos , Bosi Cristiam , Pezzopane José Ricardo Macedo , Santos Patricia Menezes
Published: March 2022

Process‐based models such as the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) can be useful to simulate pasture growth and development. This aim of the study is to parameterise the APSIM‐Tropical Pasture model to simulate Marandu palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu), irrigated and rainfed, under cut‐and‐carry management. Parameterisation was performed with experimental data collected in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil (Experiment 1: 11 growth cycles), and São Carlos, SP, Brazil (Experiment 2: 9 growth cycles). In both experiments, aboveground live biomass, leaf, stem, crown and dead material mass, specific leaf area (SLA), leaf area index (LAI) and height were assessed. In Experiment 1, soil water content was measured with a capacitance probe, at depths from 0 to 0.9 m. Calibration was performed for base temperature, light extinction coefficient and radiation use efficiency. The calibrated model proved to be accurate in simulating living biomass, leaf mass, LAI and height for all tested variables. In the irrigated system, the statistics presented values between 0.64 and 0.86 for coefficient of determination (R2), between 0.59 and 0.70 for efficiency coefficient (NSE) and between 0.88 and 0.95 for the Willmott’s agreement index (d). For these same variables, in the rainfed system, R2 values ranged from 0.70 to 0.86; NSE from 0.54 to 0.70; and average d was 0.93. The simulation of soil water content showed satisfactory results for rainfed pasture, but was less precise for the irrigated treatment. The calibration of the APSIM‐Tropical Pasture model for Marandu palisade grass resulted in efficient simulations of pasture growth under cut‐and‐carry management.
Institutional environment, development model transformation and North–South economic disparity in China
Authors: Xie Dongshui , Bai Caiquan , Xiao Weiwei
Published: March 2022

From the perspective of the institutional environment, this study explores the reasons and mechanisms behind the widening of the economic disparity between China's North and South during the economic development transformation from a factor expansion model to an innovation‐driven model. By defining the institutional environment in terms of the government–market relationship and the non‐state‐owned economy development, the theoretical analysis shows that compared with the South, the government intervenes more in the market and the proportion of state‐owned economy is higher in the North. The differences in the institutional environment are an important reason for the widening of the North–South economic disparity in China during the transformation of China's development model. Taking this transformation after the 2008 international financial crisis as a quasi‐natural experiment, this study constructs a difference‐in‐difference model for empirical testing based on the differences in the regional impact of the economic development model transformation on different institutional environments. It was found that after the economic development model entered the innovation‐driven stage, those regions with a better institutional environment significantly promoted their economic growth. Further mechanism tests have found that innovation capability is an important mechanism for the institutional environment that affects the North–South economic disparity.
Influence of structural change by heat treatment on the wettability of borosilicate glass
Authors: Maeda Hirotaka , Sakai Tomoyuki , Matsuura Fuuga
Published: March 2022

The chemical composition and surface structure of glass affect its wettability and can thus lead to the formation of various functional surfaces. This study examined the influence of the structural changes induced by the heat treatment of sodium borosilicate glass on its wettability. Specifically, 15Na2O‐40B2O3‐45SiO2 glass was prepared through melt‐quenching. The obtained glass was subjected to heat treatment at 600°C for 3 h. The heat‐treated glass exhibited a higher hydrophilicity and surface free energy than the nontreated glass. The heat treatment led to a variation in the relative ratio associated with the boron coordination number and nonbridging oxygen. Therefore, the heat‐treatment‐induced changes in the glass structure considerably enhanced the wettability of the glass.
Digital melanoma in Caucasians: a descriptive and survival study according to sublocation
Authors: Lacasta‐Plasin Clara , Rodríguez‐Lomba Enrique , Escat Cortes Jose Luis , Suárez‐Fernández Ricardo , Avilés‐Izquierdo Jose Antonio
Published: March 2022

Background and objectives

Digital melanoma is an uncommon form of acral melanoma that is anatomically restricted to the finger. The aim of this study is to provide specific epidemiological and clinical information about this subtype of melanoma, as well as to identify differences in recurrence and survival depending on the anatomical sublocation.

Patients and methods

We describe a group of 45 Caucasian patients with digital melanoma divided into three groups: nail unit melanoma (group A), finger skin melanoma (group B), and those melanomas that involve both nail and adjacent skin (group C).

Results

The mean tumor thickness was 4.66 mm, and the most common histological subtype is acral lentiginous melanoma. Group C was more frequent in older men and was thicker and more frequently ulcerated (P < 0.05). In addition, patients in group C developed distant metastases more frequently and had a significantly lower median disease‐free survival (26.60 months) compared with group A (69.47 months) and group B (89.81 months) (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

According to our results, digital melanoma limited to nail apparatus or finger skin was associated with a better prognosis, while those affecting both nail apparatus and skin showed lower melanoma‐specific survival.
Early childhood growth trajectories in a Medicaid population
Authors: Khalsa Amrik Singh , Li Rui , Rausch Joseph , Klebanoff Mark A. , Ingol Taniqua T. , Boone Kelly M. , Keim Sarah A.
Published: March 2022

Background

Evidence on the role of early growth trajectories and later obesity risk is primarily based on privately insured or universally insured samples.

Objectives

We aimed to characterize and determine factors associated with early growth trajectories and estimate associations with overweight/obesity risk in a Medicaid‐insured and uninsured cohort.

Methods

Infants seen at a large pediatric academic centre in 2010–2016 were included. Weight and length/height measurements were converted to age and sex‐specific BMIz‐scores (BMIz) based on the World Health Organization (WHO) Growth Standards. Group‐based trajectories were modelled using BMIz created groups. Logistic and log‐binomial regression models estimated associations between membership in trajectories and maternal/child factors and overweight or obesity at 36, 48, and 60 months, separately. Analyses were performed between 2019 and 2021.

Results

The best‐fitting model identified five BMIz trajectories among 30 189 children and 310 113 clinical encounters; two trajectories showed rapid rise in BMIz. Lower maternal education, pre‐pregnancy maternal overweight/obese status, and maternal smoking were positively associated with both rapid‐rising BMIz trajectories. Children in either of the two rapid‐rising trajectories were 3.00 (95% CI: 2.85, 3.25), 2.97 (95% CI: 2.77, 3.18) and 2.76 (95% CI: 2.53, 3.01) times more likely to have overweight or obesity at 36, 48, and 60 months, respectively compared to children in the stable trajectory groups.

Conclusions

Among Medicaid insured and uninsured children, several maternal and child characteristics were associated with early rapid‐rise in BMIz. Clinical monitoring of early rapidly rising BMI may be important to address modifiable risk factors for obesity in families from low‐income households.