bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BENTENG REVENGIE: Telaah Atas Program Revitalisasi Benteng Revenge sebagai Objek Wisata Sejarah di Pulau Ay, Kecamatan Banda Naira
Authors: Gani Fira , Renyaan Kasman
Published: January 2024

Artikel ini menjelaskan tentang revitalisasi Benteng Revengie sebagai obejek wisata sejarah di Pulau Ay, Kepulauan Banda. Penelitian ini mengunakan metode sejarah bersifat deskriptif dengan tahapan heuristik, kritik, interpertasi dan historiografi. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menemukkan, bahwa Benteng Revengie di Pulau Ay merupakan warisan Kolonial Belanda yang di bangun pada 1616. Benteng Revengie berarti benteng kemarahan atau benteng pembalasan dendam adalah bukti sejarah monopoli perdagangan rempah (pala dan fuli) oleh Belanda di Pulau Ay abad ke-17. Revitalisasi Benteng Revengie sebagai objek wisata sejarah hingga kini belum dilakukan dengan maksimal. Kegiatan revitalisasi hanya sebatas perawatan kawasan benteng yang dikerjakan oleh juru pelihara. Upah kerja atas jasa pemeliharaan yang diterima faktanya juga belum memenuhi standar kelayakan dan kesejateraan bagi pekerjanya. Pasalnya beban biaya operasional perawatan kawasan benteng dalam kondisi tertentu harus ditanggung mandiri oleh juru pelihara benteng. Kurangnya kesadaran sejarah dari berbagai pihak yang berkepentingan, membuat citra benteng perlahan memudar dan tidak lagi memiliki daya tarik untuk dikunjungi oleh wisatawan. Kondisi demikian menambah daftar hitam pengembangan situs sebagi objek parawisata di Pulau Ay, Banda Naira.
Analisis Anggaran Biaya Operasional Studi Kasus Pada Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Dan Penataan Ruang Provinsi Sumatera Barat Periode 2018-2020
Authors: Nelly Hernadah , Yuli Ardiany
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui biaya operasional pada Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Dan Penataan Ruang Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif melalui dokumentasi dan wawancara. Penulis mengumpulkan data dengan cara observasi dan meminta langsung kepada bagian bendahara pengeluaran pada Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Dan Penataan Ruang Prov Sumbar. Dari hasil penelitian biaya operasional Pada tahun 2018 dengan jumlah total anggaran biaya operasional sebesar Rp.417.000.000 dengan tingkat realisasi sebesar Rp.368.400.000 dengan sisa lebih pembiayaan anggaran sebeasar Rp.48.600.000. pada tahun 2019 dengan jumlah total anggaran sebesar Rp.515.600.000 dengan tingkat realisasiya Rp.489.223.000 dengan sisa lebih pembiayaan anggaran sebesar Rp.26.377.000. sementara pada tahun 2020 dengan jumlah total anggaran biaya operasional sebesar Rp.588.300.000 dengan tingkat realisasinya sebesar Rp.562.100.000 dengan sisa lebih pembiayaan anggaran sebesar Rp.26.200.000. Dari total realisasi anggaran biaya operasional dapat disimpulkan bahwa tingkat realisasinya pada tahun 2018 merupakan tingkat realisasi rendah dari pada tahun anggaran 2019 dan 2020.
Analisis Tingkat Kesehatan PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk Dengan Metode Risk Basedbank Rating (RBBR) Tahun 2020-2021
Authors: Zulhendra  , Caniago Lifia
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kesehatan PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero), Tbk Tahun 2020-2021 ditinjau dari aspek keuangan dengan variabel Risk Based Bank Rating (RBBR). Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan subjek penelitian berupa PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero), Tbk Tahun 2020-2021. Data diperoleh melalui teknik dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis kesehatan bank dengan pendekatan Risiko (Risk-based Bank Rating) dengan cakupan penilaian meliputi faktor-faktor RGEC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa selama 2020-2021 (1) Aspek Risk profile bank PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero), Tbk Tahun 2020 berada dalam kondisi sehat dan LDR-2021 cukup sehat. (2) Aspek Earnings periode 2020-2021 berturut-turut berada dalam kondisi sangat sehat dengan baik nilai ROA maupun dengan perhitungan NIM. (3) Aspek Capital berturut-turut berada dalam kondisi sangat sehat. (4) Aspek Good Corporate Governance (GCG) memperhitungkan penilaian atas penerapan self assessment.
Implementasi Program Imtaq Bagi Anak Usia Dini Di TK Negeri Pembina
Authors: Eko Nursalim  , Tiara Sarawati  , Putri Zarifah  , Chairunnisa Nahda  , Thaibatul Islamiyah
Published: January 2024

This study aims to discuss the implementation of the Imtaq program as a strategy to improve character education at TK Negeri Pembina Sangatta. Education plays an important role in shaping individual character in accordance with prevailing social and cultural norms. Character education aims to increase faith, devotion, and noble character. This research adopts a qualitative approach that focuses on understanding and interpreting the technique through the methods of interview, observation, and document analysis. The research findings indicate that: (1) The planning of Imtaq program in TK Negeri Pembina Sangatta involves the identification of goals, learners, curriculum, learning methods, time, schedule, evaluation, and participation of parents and community. (2) Implementation of the Imtaq program focuses on moral education and includes Quranic activities, dhuha prayers, introduction of hijaiyah letters, memorization of short surahs, and other activities that support the development of character and morals of early childhood. The research data shows the success of the IMTAQ program in achieving the goals of character education, where the IMTAQ program has the main objective of improving the quality of students' faith and piety.
Penerapan Nilai-Nilai Religius Santri Melalui Program Tahfidz Menginap di Rumah Qur’an
Authors: Nur Aidila Fitria  , Muhammad Yoga Julyanur  , Eko Nursalim
Published: January 2024

The world of education today, especially Qur'anic education, has many challenges. This can be seen from children's excessive obsession with gadgets that make their religious character seem to be eroded by the sophistication of the times marked by the rapid advancement of information and technology. Therefore, it is important to know that instilling religious values early on in children is very important. This research uses a descriptive type qualitative approach by collecting data through an unstructured interview process. This study aims to analyze how the application of religious values through the "Tahfidz Menginap" program in order to shape the character of students at the Ridhotullah Qur'an House Sangatta for the better. As a result, there are several points of religious values that are taught, applied, and internalized in students, namely honesty, discipline, patience, responsibility, and cleanliness. Finally, it can be concluded that the application of religious values is very crucial to be taught to children so that they can implement it in their daily lives so that they grow into individuals with character.
Current directions of improving administrative and legal methods of countering extremism in modern conditions
Authors: Akhtanina Natal'ya Anatol'evna
Published: January 2024

Extremism is a big problem in the public life of citizens. The Decree of the President of the Russian Federation laid down the main directions of countering extremism. However, in the modern world, in which computing technologies and computer equipment are constantly developing and improving, a wide range of opportunities for communication between each other opens up for citizens who are prone to illegal behavior, including for calling for certain kinds of illegal actions. Thus, examining the administrative and legal mechanism of countering extremism, it should be noted that the subjects of counteraction are various state authorities, the key place among which is occupied by internal affairs bodies. Federal Law No. 3-FZ of February 7, 2011 "On the Police" imposed on the police a duty that is expressed in the prevention, detection and suppression of extremist activities of public associations, religious and other organizations, as well as citizens. Preventive work on countering extremism should be carried out at the level of formation of both individual and collective consciousness among various categories of the population, a negative attitude to acts of terror. Work in this direction should be an activity aimed at forming a belief in the unacceptability of these actions in society, non-recognition of such behavior in society, tolerant and humane attitude towards others.
Legal regulation of electronic passports in the Russian Federation
Authors: Kosareva Elena Aleksandrovna
Published: January 2024

The object of the study of this article is the social relations arising from the issuance and use of newly introduced electronic passports in the passport system of the Russian Federation; the subject of the study are the rules of law governing the introduction and circulation of electronic passports. The purpose of the study is to analyze modern legal acts regulating the passport system of the Russian Federation and to develop measures to improve the passport system for the effective introduction of electronic passports. Based on the purpose of the study, the article analyzes the international experience of the introduction and use of machine-readable and electronic passports, as well as the foreign experience of the CIS countries in the use of biometric passports. The normative legal acts regulating the passport system in the Russian Federation are investigated, as well as gaps in the legislative framework that prevent the effective implementation of the electronic passport system in Russia are identified. The methodological basis of the research is the dialectical method of scientific cognition of phenomena and facts of objective reality in their dynamics and development, as well as general and private scientific research methods. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that attempts to introduce electronic passports into the current Russian passport system have been made since 2013. Pilot projects were proposed to create and implement universal electronic cards, but the projects were closed due to a number of problems. Currently, by Presidential Decree No. 695 of September 18, 2023, the process of introducing electronic digital passports has been resumed, however, for the successful and effective introduction of electronic passports, the modern passport system requires modernization, including in the field of law regulation. The article draws attention to the problems of using electronic passports in relation to the passport system of the Russian Federation. At the same time, based on the purpose of the study, the author analyzes the main regulatory and social problems that arise when introducing electronic passports into life and also suggests a number of measures that contribute to effective electronic passport document management.
The Design Solutions of Innovation Centers
Authors: Pochtovaia Anastasiia Vladimirovna
Published: January 2024

The article examines the innovation center as an architectural object that creates conditions for research, cooperation between various economic entities and the production of knowledge-intensive products. The article subject is the design of innovation centers. The relevance of their consideration is due to the special attention of the state, the architectural community, and commercial enterprises. High quality of design solutions and symbolism of the architectural image are the basis for the innovation centers design, a competitive advantage in attracting and retaining highly skilled specialists. The study uses a graphic-analytical method and multifactor analysis of studying and systematizing the material (analysis of master plans, architectural drawings, engineering solutions). The contribution of the article consist in the identification and systematization of innovation centers architectural design solutions. The models of innovation centers design were made on urban, planning, and spatial characteristics of innovation centers. A computer program for data processing was used. The influence on the innovation centers design proceeds from organization structure, different types of ownership (university, government and commercial) and the location (city center, city district, suburbia, intercity territory). The total sample of the study consisted of 144 objects. It provides accurate result and the possibility of using the findings by professional architectural community.
Legal Regulation for Ensuring the Integrity of the Russian Scientific Certification System
Authors: Egorov Sergey
Published: January 2024

This article is devoted to the issue of preserving the integrity of the Russian state system of scientific certification in the context of the growing diversity of regulatory and legal acts, as well as practices for awarding academic degrees. The recent expansion of the autonomy of a number of scientific and educational organizations raises a number of doubts, primarily related to the ability to ensure equal rights and opportunities for applicants for academic degrees in different parts of the system. This article provides a comparative analysis of state acts and regulatory acts of organizations that carry out procedures for the independent awarding of academic degrees. In the course of this study, three subsystems were identified that operate according to comparable rules but provide different rights and opportunities. The first subsystem is dissertation councils under the leadership of the Higher Attestation Commission and Russia’s Ministry of Education and Science. There, a place is occupied by special dissertation councils, in which the applicant avoids the publication of articles and the text of the dissertation, as well as other publicity requirements. The second subsystem is formed by scientific and educational organizations found on a special list. Similar norms and requirements apply within the framework of their local regulations, but there are also noticeable differences. These include reducing the number of dissertation councils, including candidates of sciences in them, the possibility of defending a candidate's thesis in the form of a scientific report, etc. The third subsystem includes spiritual education organizations awarding theological degrees. The ambiguity of the attitude toward such degrees remains at the federal legislation level. Theological degrees are recognized along with other academic degrees during state licensing and accreditation procedures, but their holders are not guaranteed mandatory surcharges, apostille affixing, etc. The analysis made it possible to identify indicators that are important for checking the integrity of the system and determining the direction of its improvement.
On the Diversity of "Pure" Doctrines of Law
Authors: Gorban Vladimir Sergeevich , Gruzdev Vladimir Sergeevich
Published: January 2024

The subject of this study is one of the largest epistemological problems in the history of political and legal thought, as well as the modern theory of the state and the law. We are talking about the attempts of the authors of various historical periods, at least over the past two centuries, to construct a model of the study of the law as a "pure" phenomenon or call for the "purity" of the methods of its cognition. There is a strong opinion in modern legal literature that the "pure doctrine of law" is the creative result of the Austrian lawyer Hans Kelsen. His teaching is often a variant of logical positivism, in which an interpretive model of the law was created, in which one subject corresponds to a special and only method—legal—and all the others were declared superfluous. In fact, in the history of legal thought, attempts have been made more than once to write "pure" doctrines about law long before Kelsen. The scientific novelty of this research lies in the analysis and illumination of new facets of political and legal thought history that previously remained completely unexplored in both domestic and foreign political and legal thought. This article analyzes well-known and previously unknown scientists and thinkers who have developed original concepts of the "pure doctrine of law." In this regard, Kelsen's teaching is justifiably considered one of the many variants of this kind of thought, the uniqueness of which is connected only with the idea of interpretation as a philosophical paradigm, which allowed him to combine well-known legal concepts and techniques within the framework of the methodological doctrine of the law.
Application of homomorphic filtering for multiplicatively interacting signals and data sampling windows during periodic evaluation
Authors: Serdyukov Yurii Pavlovich , Gelman Viktor
Published: January 2024

The object of the study is information transmission systems. Improving the quality of information on the receiving side is considered as the subject of the study. The authors consider in detail such aspects of the topic as the formation of a procedure that significantly reduces the influence of intersymbol interference caused by the interaction of the signal itself and the sampling window. This source of errors, as a rule, is dominant at information transfer rates close to the bandwidth of the communication channel. Studies on reducing the influence of intersymbol distortions are important and relevant, and in recent years a significant number of works have been devoted to them. A signal model simulating the transmission of a sequence of non-modulated pulses of the meander type was considered. It was assumed that the processing of the incoming pulse stream is carried out in real time based on the procedures of periodic evaluation of each element. The methodological basis of the research was the methods of mathematical modeling of information transmission systems and linearization methods using the generalized superposition principle. The main result of the conducted research is the proposed method of forming a homomorphic filter for processing the incoming pulse stream in real time based on the procedures of periodic evaluation of each element. The algorithm of its functioning ensures the transformation of the multiplicative interaction of the signal and the sampling windows into an additive one and ensures the separation of the multiplicatively interacting transmitted information signal and the sampling window in the communication channel. The resulting procedure, which reduces the effect of intersymbol interference on the receiving side, is an implementation of an optimal filter based on a homomorphic transformation. An estimate of the magnitude of intersymbol interference is obtained when using the proposed processing method. The effectiveness of the method in signal streaming processing is demonstrated. The expressions are obtained in the most general form and can be detailed within the framework of the described information transfer model, which is the subject of further research.
Semantic transformations of phraseological units in poetic texts of the collection of poems of the XX century "Impulse. New names."
Authors: Slashcheva Natalya Ivanovna , Chigrinova Ekaterina Aleksandrovna , Efremova Natalia Vladimirovna
Published: January 2024

The article presents a study aimed at identifying the communicative and pragmatic properties of phraseological units functioning in the poetic texts of the collection "Impulse. New names." Since the use of phraseological units as in their original (dictionary) helps to create a special expressiveness and emotionality of each poem Similarly, in modified forms, the authors identify several types of phraseological units with structural and semantic changes. The theoretical basis of communicative and pragmatic phraseology studied by us served as an impetus for the search for new data in modern poetry. The specificity of the phraseology – context relationship lies in the fact that the phraseological unit represents both a special independent context and is part of the general context. The transformation of phraseological units is a process that includes various ways to update the usual stable expressions for the most adequate characterization of the described situation. A detailed study, selection and analysis of various types of stable phraseological expressions used and modified by the authors of the collection has been carried out. A special contribution of the authors to the study of the topic is the creation of a classification of phraseological units based on the studied material: with a reduction in the components of phraseology, with a change in the places of the components of phraseology, with an expansion of the lexical composition of phraseology, with a paradigmatic change in the core component of phraseology, with the replacement of one component of phraseology with another. In the course of the study, it was argued that semantic and structural changes within phraseological units are most often interrelated and imply each other. These changes and their varieties can be intertwined within the framework of a single poem or passage. In a poem, there may be phraseological units with the replacement of components, a phraseological unit with the reduction or expansion of components. Therefore, within the framework of one poem, it is possible to interact various phraseological units with a modified structure and semantics.
A system of feed-forward cerebellar circuits that extend and diversify sensory signaling
Authors: Hariani Harsh N. , Algstam A. Brynn , Candler Christian T. , Witteveen Isabelle F. , Sidhu Jasmeen K. , Balmer Timothy S.
Published: January 2024

Sensory signals are processed by the cerebellum to coordinate movements. Numerous cerebellar functions are thought to require the maintenance of a sensory representation that extends beyond the input signal. Granule cells receive sensory input, but they do not prolong the signal and are thus unlikely to maintain a sensory representation for much longer than the inputs themselves. Unipolar brush cells (UBCs) are excitatory interneurons that project to granule cells and transform sensory input into prolonged increases or decreases in firing, depending on their ON or OFF UBC subtype. Further extension and diversification of the input signal could be produced by UBCs that project to one another, but whether this circuitry exists is unclear. Here we test whether UBCs innervate one another and explore how these small networks of UBCs could transform spiking patterns. We characterized two transgenic mouse lines electrophysiologically and immunohistochemically to confirm that they label ON and OFF UBC subtypes and crossed them together, revealing that ON and OFF UBCs innervate one another. A Brainbow reporter was used to label UBCs of the same ON or OFF subtype with different fluorescent proteins, which showed that UBCs innervate their own subtypes as well. Computational models predict that these feed-forward networks of UBCs extend the length of bursts or pauses and introduce delays—transformations that may be necessary for cerebellar functions from modulation of eye movements to adaptive learning across time scales.The cerebellum is essential for the accurate performance of behaviors ranging in complexity from stabilizing an image on the retina to playing a piano or performing a gymnastics routine. Cerebellar dysfunction disrupts the ability to produce smooth movements and leads to a disorder called ataxia. Damage to the vestibular cerebellum occurs in various disorders including medulloblastoma and leads to nystagmus, involuntary movements of the eyes that prevent normal vision. Treating disorders of motor control such as nystagmus, requires a better understanding of how representations of movements are maintained in the firing patterns of neurons in the cerebellar circuit. Here we use transgenic mice to label a type of neuron called the unipolar brush cell and revealed that these cells innervate one another and are likely to increase the length and diversity of spiking patterns in the cerebellum. These transformations may be necessary for numerous functions from controlling eye movements to learning new behaviors.
Imidacloprid disrupts larval molting regulation and nutrient energy metabolism, causing developmental delay in honey bee Apis mellifera
Authors: Li Zhi , Wang Yuedi , Qin Qiqian , Chen Lanchun , Dang Xiaoqun , Ma Zhengang , Zhou Zeyang
Published: January 2024

Imidacloprid is a global health threat that severely poisons the economically and ecologically important honeybee pollinator,
Apis mellifera
. However, its effects on developing bee larvae remain largely unexplored. Our pilot study showed that imidacloprid causes developmental delay in bee larvae, but the underlying toxicological mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In this study, we exposed bee larvae to imidacloprid at environmentally relevant concentrations of 0.7, 1.2, 3.1, and 377 ppb. There was a marked dose-dependent delay in larval development, characterized by reductions in body mass, width, and growth index. However, imidacloprid did not affect on larval survival and food consumption. The primary toxicological effects induced by elevated concentrations of imidacloprid (377 ppb) included inhibition of neural transmission gene expression, induction of oxidative stress, gut structural damage, and apoptosis, inhibition of developmental regulatory hormones and genes, suppression of gene expression levels involved in proteolysis, amino acid transport, protein synthesis, carbohydrate catabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and glycolysis energy production. In addition, we found that the larvae may use antioxidant defenses and P450 detoxification mechanisms to mitigate the effects of imidacloprid. Ultimately, this study provides the first evidence that environmentally exposed imidacloprid can affect the growth and development of bee larvae by disrupting molting regulation and limiting the metabolism and utilization of dietary nutrients and energy. These findings have broader implications for studies assessing pesticide hazards in other juvenile animals.
Associations of combined phenotypic aging and genetic risk with incident cancer: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Bian Lijun , Ma Zhimin , Fu Xiangjin , Ji Chen , Wang Tianpei , Yan Caiwang , Dai Juncheng , Ma Hongxia , Hu Zhibin , Shen Hongbing , Wang Lu , Zhu Meng , Jin Guangfu
Published: January 2024

Background:

Age is the most important risk factor for cancer, but aging rates are heterogeneous across individuals. We explored a new measure of aging-Phenotypic Age (PhenoAge)-in the risk prediction of site-specific and overall cancer.

Methods:

Using Cox regression models, we examined the association of Phenotypic Age Acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel) with cancer incidence by genetic risk group among 374,463 participants from the UK Biobank. We generated PhenoAge using chronological age and nine biomarkers, PhenoAgeAccel after subtracting the effect of chronological age by regression residual, and an incidence-weighted overall cancer polygenic risk score (CPRS) based on 20 cancer site-specific polygenic risk scores (PRSs).

Results:

Compared with biologically younger participants, those older had a significantly higher risk of overall cancer, with hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.22 (95% confidence interval, 1.18–1.27) in men, and 1.26 (1.22–1.31) in women, respectively. A joint effect of genetic risk and PhenoAgeAccel was observed on overall cancer risk, with HRs of 2.29 (2.10–2.51) for men and 1.94 (1.78–2.11) for women with high genetic risk and older PhenoAge compared with those with low genetic risk and younger PhenoAge. PhenoAgeAccel was negatively associated with the number of healthy lifestyle factors (Beta = –1.01 in men, p<0.001; Beta = –0.98 in women, p<0.001).

Conclusions:

Within and across genetic risk groups, older PhenoAge was consistently related to an increased risk of incident cancer with adjustment for chronological age and the aging process could be retarded by adherence to a healthy lifestyle.

Funding:

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82230110, 82125033, 82388102 to GJ; 82273714 to MZ); and the Excellent Youth Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20220100 to MZ).
When abstract becomes concrete, naturalistic encoding of concepts in the brain
Authors: Kewenig Viktor Nikolaus , Vigliocco Gabriella , Skipper Jeremy I
Published: January 2024

Language is acquired and processed in complex and dynamic naturalistic contexts, involving the simultaneous processing of connected speech, faces, bodies, objects, etc. How words and their associated concepts are encoded in the brain during real-world processing is still unknown. Here, the representational structure of concrete and abstract concepts was investigated during movie watching to address the extent to which brain responses dynamically change depending on visual context. First, across contexts, concrete and abstract concepts are shown to encode different experience-based information in separable sets of brain regions. However, these differences are reduced when multimodal context is considered. Specifically, the response profile of abstract words becomes more concrete-like when these are processed in visual scenes highly related to their meaning. Conversely, when the visual context is unrelated to a given concrete word, the activation pattern resembles more that of abstract conceptual processing. These results suggest that while concepts generally encode habitual experiences, the underlying neurobiological organisation is not fixed but depends dynamically on available contextual information.
Single-cell RNA sequencing unveils the hidden powers of zebrafish kidney for generating both hematopoiesis and adaptive antiviral immunity
Authors: Hu Chongbin , Zhang Nan , Hong Yun , Tie Ruxiu , Fan Dongdong , Lin Aifu , Chen Ye , Xiang Li-xin , Shao Jian-zhong
Published: January 2024

The vertebrate kidneys play two evolutionary conserved roles in waste excretion and osmoregulation. Besides, the kidney of fish is considered as a functional ortholog of mammalian bone marrow that serves as a hematopoietic hub for generating blood cell lineages and immunological responses. However, knowledge about the properties of kidney hematopoietic cells, and the functionality of the kidney in fish immune systems remains to be elucidated. To this end, our present study generated a comprehensive atlas with 59 hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) and immune-cells types from zebrafish kidneys via single-cell transcriptome profiling analysis. These populations included almost all known cells associated with innate and adaptive immunity, and displayed differential responses to viral infection, indicating their diverse functional roles in antiviral immunity. Remarkably, HSPCs were found to have extensive reactivities to viral infection, and the trained immunity can be effectively induced in certain HSPCs. In addition, the antigen-stimulated adaptive immunity can be fully generated in the kidney, suggesting the kidney acts as a secondary lymphoid organ. These results indicated that the fish kidney is a dual-functional entity with functionalities of both primary and secondary lymphoid organs. Our findings illustrated the unique features of fish immune systems, and highlighted the multifaced biology of kidneys in ancient vertebrates.
A syngeneic spontaneous zebrafish model of tp53-deficient, EGFRvIII, and PI3KCAH1047R-driven glioblastoma reveals inhibitory roles for inflammation during tumor initiation and relapse in vivo
Authors: Weiss Alex , D'Amata Cassandra , Pearson Bret J , Hayes Madeline N
Published: January 2024

High-throughput vertebrate animal model systems for the study of patient-specific biology and new therapeutic approaches for aggressive brain tumors are currently lacking, and new approaches are urgently needed. Therefore, to build a patient-relevant in vivo model of human glioblastoma, we expressed common oncogenic variants including activated human EGFRvIII and PI3KCAH1047R under the control of the radial glial-specific promoter her4.1 in syngeneic tp53 loss-of-function mutant zebrafish. Robust tumor formation was observed prior to 45 days of life, and tumors had a gene expression signature similar to human glioblastoma of the mesenchymal subtype, with a strong inflammatory component. Within early stage tumor lesions, and in an in vivo and endogenous tumor microenvironment, we visualized infiltration of phagocytic cells, as well as internalization of tumor cells by mpeg1.1:EGFP+ microglia/macrophages, suggesting negative regulatory pressure by pro-inflammatory cell types on tumor growth at early stages of glioblastoma initiation. Furthermore, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene targeting of master inflammatory transcription factors irf7 or irf8 led to increased tumor formation in the primary context, while suppression of phagocyte activity led to enhanced tumor cell engraftment following transplantation into otherwise immune-competent zebrafish hosts. Altogether, we developed a genetically relevant model of aggressive human glioblastoma and harnessed the unique advantages of zebrafish including live imaging, high-throughput genetic and chemical manipulations to highlight important tumor-suppressive roles for the innate immune system on glioblastoma initiation, with important future opportunities for therapeutic discovery and optimizations.
Structure of the human heparan-α-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase (HGSNAT)
Authors: Navratna Vikas , Kumar Arvind , Rana Jaimin K , Mosalaganti Shyamal
Published: January 2024

Degradation of heparan sulfate (HS), a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) comprised of repeating units of N-acetylglucosamine and glucuronic acid, begins in the cytosol and is completed in the lysosomes. Acetylation of the terminal non-reducing amino group of α-D-glucosamine of HS is essential for its complete breakdown into monosaccharides and free sulfate. Heparan-α-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase (HGSNAT), a resident of the lysosomal membrane, catalyzes this essential acetylation reaction by accepting and transferring the acetyl group from cytosolic acetyl-CoA to terminal α-D-glucosamine of HS in the lysosomal lumen. Mutation-induced dysfunction in HGSNAT causes abnormal accumulation of HS within the lysosomes and leads to an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder called mucopolysaccharidosis IIIC (MPS IIIC). There are no approved drugs or treatment strategies to cure or manage the symptoms of, MPS IIIC. Here, we use cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to determine a high-resolution structure of the HGSNAT-acetyl-CoA complex, the first step in the HGSNAT-catalyzed acetyltransferase reaction. In addition, we map the known MPS IIIC mutations onto the structure and elucidate the molecular basis for mutation-induced HGSNAT dysfunction.
Aberrant hippocampal Ca2+ microwaves following synapsin-dependent adeno-associated viral expression of Ca2+ indicators
Authors: Masala Nicola , Mittag Manuel , Giovannetti Eleonora Ambrad , O'Neil Darik A , Distler Fabian J , Rupprecht Peter , Helmchen Fritjof , Yuste Rafael , Fuhrmann Martin , Beck Heinz , Wenzel Michael , Kelly Tony
Published: January 2024

Genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) such as GCaMP are invaluable tools in neuroscience to monitor neuronal activity using optical imaging. The viral transduction of GECIs is commonly used to target expression to specific brain regions, can be conveniently used with any mouse strain of interest without the need for prior crossing with a GECI mouse line, and avoids potential hazards due to the chronic expression of GECIs during development. A key requirement for monitoring neuronal activity with an indicator is that the indicator itself minimally affects activity. Here, using common adeno-associated viral (AAV) transduction procedures, we describe spatially confined aberrant Ca2+ microwaves slowly travelling through the hippocampus following expression of GCaMP6, GCaMP7, or R-CaMP1.07 driven by the synapsin promoter with AAV-dependent gene transfer in a titre-dependent fashion. Ca2+ microwaves developed in hippocampal CA1 and CA3, but not dentate gyrus nor neocortex, were typically first observed at 4 wk after viral transduction, and persisted up to at least 8 wk. The phenomenon was robust and observed across laboratories with various experimenters and setups. Our results indicate that aberrant hippocampal Ca2+ microwaves depend on the promoter and viral titre of the GECI, density of expression, as well as the targeted brain region. We used an alternative viral transduction method of GCaMP which avoids this artefact. The results show that commonly used Ca2+-indicator AAV transduction procedures can produce artefactual Ca2+ responses. Our aim is to raise awareness in the field of these artefactual transduction-induced Ca2+ microwaves, and we provide a potential solution.
Germline cis variant determines epigenetic regulation of the anti-cancer drug metabolism gene dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD)
Authors: Zhang Ting , Ambrodji Alisa , Huang Huixing , Bouchonville Kelly J , Etheridge Amy S , Schmidt Remington E , Bembenek Brianna M , Temesgen Zoey B , Wang Zhiquan , Innocenti Federico , Stroka Deborah , Diasio Robert B , Largiadèr Carlo R , Offer Steven M
Published: January 2024

Enhancers are critical for regulating tissue-specific gene expression, and genetic variants within enhancer regions have been suggested to contribute to various cancer-related processes, including therapeutic resistance. However, the precise mechanisms remain elusive. Using a well-defined drug-gene pair, we identified an enhancer region for dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD, DPYD gene) expression that is relevant to the metabolism of the anti-cancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Using reporter systems, CRISPR genome-edited cell models, and human liver specimens, we demonstrated in vitro and vivo that genotype status for the common germline variant (rs4294451; 27% global minor allele frequency) located within this novel enhancer controls DPYD transcription and alters resistance to 5-FU. The variant genotype increases recruitment of the transcription factor CEBPB to the enhancer and alters the level of direct interactions between the enhancer and DPYD promoter. Our data provide insight into the regulatory mechanisms controlling sensitivity and resistance to 5-FU.
Development of Diagnostic Test in Reading for Grade 7
Authors: Mangubat Art
Published: January 2024

Reading is unquestionably a crucial component of any educational system because it not only underlies it but also permeates its aspects. Therefore, reading should be appropriately assessed. This mixed-methods developmental study developed a test package for assessing the reading competency of Grade 7 learners. The researcher used a variety of scales for validation, attribute assessment, assessment adherence principles, and indicators of a good reading diagnostic test. Analysis methods included mean, weighted mean, difficulty-discrimination indices, and Cronbach's Alpha. It was revealed that the comprehension test has a strong reliability score for a classroom test (a=.700). In contrast, the vocabulary test has a somewhat low-reliability score (a=.600). The validity results indicated that the fluency test was extremely valid (4.535), while both vocabulary and comprehension tests were very valid (4.322, 4.486). It was described as very good (4.33), and the experts concurred that it adheres to the indicators of a good reading diagnostic test (fluency: 1.00; vocabulary: 0.97; and comprehension: 0.97). Generally, the reading diagnostic test is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing students' reading competence levels, particularly in terms of fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension, but further validation is required.
Pluralismo educativo: una perspectiva constitucional desde los derechos fundamentales/dignidad humana
Authors: Fernandez Miguel Angel
Published: January 2024

Este texto se basa en la regulación constitucional chilena, abordando la evolución del pluralismo educativo. Se destacan dos publicaciones recientes: un artículo en el libro "Tránsito Constitucional" sobre el derecho a la educación y libertad de enseñanza, y un documento para el Foro Constitucional de la Facultad en 2021, que examina la libertad de enseñanza y el derecho a la educación. Se enfoca en el "contenido complejo" de la libertad de enseñanza y la elección de establecimientos por parte de los padres, con un énfasis interdisciplinario.
Libertad Religiosa y Educación Escolar en Colombia
Authors: López Latorre Andrés Felipe , Roncancio Maria Paula
Published: January 2024

En la intersección entre la religión y la educación, Colombia se ve inmersa en debates que giran en torno a aparentes choques entre el derecho a la libertad religiosa y el derecho a la educación. Estos debates encuentran su raíz en interpretaciones divergentes del principio de Estado Laico y de la autonomía de las instituciones educativas de carácter privado. Este artículo se adentra en el examen del marco normativo actual que regula el derecho a la libertad religiosa en Colombia en el contexto de la educación escolar. A través de esta exploración, se analizan las tensiones, desafíos y oportunidades inherentes al intento de equilibrar la fe y la educación en una sociedad diversa y pluralista.
Enfoque teórico y jurídico sobre las alternativas a la transfusión de sangre y la libertad religiosa en Brasil
Authors: Câmara David Elias Cardoso , Viana Pedro Nilson Moreira , Ramos Edith Maria Barbosa
Published: January 2024

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la cuestión del derecho a la vida en el contexto de los derechos fundamentales, a fin de comprender las implicaciones del derecho a la libertad de creencias para las personas que profesan la religión de los Testigos de Jehová, la autonomía de la voluntad del paciente y el rechazo de un procedimiento médico de transfusión de sangre. Para alcanzar estos resultados, este artículo utilizó el método inductivo, con metodología cualitativa. En cuanto a los procedimientos técnicos, se llevó a cabo una investigación bibliográfica y documental.
Investigating Determinants Affecting the Adoption of Contemporary Contraceptive Methods: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Adolescent Utilization in the Nabdan District, Upper East Region, Ghana
Authors: Cudjoe Francis Kronzu , Mohammed Abdul-Samed , Yakong Vida Nyagre
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Promoting the use of contraception among adolescents is essential to improving their sexual and reproductive health. Teenage pregnancies are becoming more common, and the Nabdam area continues to have low rates of use of contemporary contraceptive methods. These facts highlight the urgent need to address the needs of adolescents concerning their sexual and reproductive health. This study aims to investigate the factors impacting the Upper East Region of Ghana's Nabdam District's adoption of contemporary contraceptive methods.

Methods: 261 older teenage girls from the Nabdam district, ages 15 to 19, were included in the study, which used a quantitative technique and a descriptive cross-sectional design. Respondents were chosen using a multiphase sample technique, and data were collected over the course of 10 working days using a standardized survey form. STATA Version 14 was utilized for data analysis. A significance criterion of p < 0.05 was applied to bivariate and logistic regression models to investigate any correlations between independent factors and outcome variables.

Results: 52.1% of respondents said they have had their first sexual experience before turning 20. The oldest stated age at first sex was 19 years old, while the youngest was 10 years old. Additionally, 97.8% of respondents reported learning about contemporary contraception via a variety of sources, such as peers, instructors, health professionals, and radio media. Even with this knowledge, 48.7% of respondents thought using a contraceptive technique would provide 100% protection against getting pregnant, while 73.6% of respondents had never used any kind of birth control. Age (p< 0.001), educational attainment (p< 0.001), marital status (p< 0.001), peer influence (p< 0.001), place of residence (p< 0.001), religious affiliation (p< 0.018), consent from a sexual partner (p< 0.001), positive attitudes from healthcare providers (p < 0.001), and the availability of contraceptives (p < 0.001) were discovered to be linked to the usage of modern contraceptives.

Conclusion: Although a sizable percentage of respondents showed awareness of contemporary contraceptive methods, low modern contraceptive usage was significantly correlated with several factors, including age, marital status, educational attainment, peer influence, partner consent, and the unfavorable attitudes of healthcare professionals. To tackle this problem, a community-based strategy emphasizing the advancement of enabling elements and the removal of obstacles is required. The Ghana Health Service could enhance its School Health Education Program (SHEP) by increasing informational sessions, organizing theatrical productions and debates, and recruiting peer educators as invaluable resources to share experiences and instruct their peers on sexuality, reproductive health issues, and the use of modern contraceptives
Application of Indigenous Technological Knowledge (ITK) for Plant Disease Management in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Yamunarani K. , Sangeetha S. , Dhanushkodi V. , Chitra K. , Dhanalakshmi K.
Published: January 2024

Most of the farmers in our country highly depend on chemical pesticides and fungicides to control pests and diseases in agriculture and horticultural crops. Abundant usage of these pesticides in crop fields causes harmful effects to human beings as well as to other living organisms. The harmful effects of these chemicals brings the emergency call for ecofriendly and hazard free sustainable agriculture. Indigenous technological knowledge (ITK) originates from local, rural communities and it can play an important role in organic agriculture. The ITKs are eco-friendly and compatible with various agricultural management practices particularly pest and disease management. Application of ITK in crop management, contributing towards chemical residue-free agricultural products. The farmers of Tamil Nadu state in India profusely use the chemical pesticides and fungicides to control crop pests and diseases even though most districts in Tamil Nadu have their own ITK practices with respect to location specificity. Hence, an attempt has been made to document some of the significant and effective ITKs followed by the farmers in Tamil Nadu for the management of crop diseases. This paper contains an overview of Indigenous Knowledge in Plant diseases management to help researchers in the future.
Isolation and Inoculation Effect of Trichoderma reesei on Growth and Yield of Barley
Authors: Ahad Munazah , Pandey Ram Prakash
Published: January 2024

In today’s world, usage of chemical fertilizers has become necessity for betterment of crop yield; however they have negative impact on the environment, quality of soil and human health. Therefore, involvement of substitute for chemical fertilizers is an essential requirement of present time. Plant growth promoting fungi (PGPF) serves as a best alternative in place of chemicals to enhance plant growth, crop productivity and improve nutrients availability for plants. They also show an involvement in ceasing growth of plant pathogens, hence acting as a bio control agent. The aim of our study is to screen and examine plant growth promoting fungi effect on barley crop. A total seven fungal strains were isolated from wheat rhizosphere. The isolated fungal strains were screened for their In vitro plant growth promotional traits. Among total, one isolate 14F found positive for five different plant growth promoting traits. This isolate was further identified at molecular level by amplification and sequencing of ITS gene region and was identified as Trichoderma reesei. Trichoderma reesei was inoculated with barley seeds and its effects were analyzed. Significant increase was observed in terms of plant height (root length and shoot length), plant weight (Dry and wet weight) as compared to un-inoculated plants. This Trichoderma strain could become a fantastic bio-fertilizer for sustainable agriculture.