bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy with low-dose cisplatin and doxorubicin (PIPAC C/D) in patients with gastric cancer and peritoneal metastasis: a phase II study
Authors: Struller Florian , Horvath Philipp , Solass Wiebke , Weinreich Frank-Jürgen , Strumberg Dirk , Kokkalis Marios K. , Fischer Imma , Meisner Christoph , Königsrainer Alfred , Reymond Marc A.
Published: May 2019

Background:

Efficacy of second-line systemic chemotherapy in recurrent gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis (RGCPM) is limited. We assessed the feasibility, safety and possible efficacy of pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) in patients with RGCPM after ⩾1 line of palliative intravenous chemotherapy.

Methods:

In this open-label, single-arm, monocentric phase II ICH-GCP clinical trial, patients were scheduled for three courses of PIPAC with cisplatin 7.5 mg/m2 and doxorubicin 1.5 mg/m2 (PIPAC C/D) every 6 weeks. Patients with bowel obstruction or extraperitoneal metastasis were ineligible. The primary endpoint was clinical benefit rate (CBR) by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors based on clinical records. Secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), median time to progression (TTP), peritoneal carcinomatosis index (PCI), histological regression and ascites volume. Safety and tolerability were assessed by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4, quality of life (QoL) by EORTC-QLQ30 questionnaire.

Results:

A total of 25 patients were enrolled and available for the analysis of the primary endpoint. Of those 25 patients, 10 (40%) had a radiological complete, partial response or stable disease. Median OS [intention to treat (ITT)] was 6.7 months, median TTP was 2.7 months. Complete or major regression on histology were observed in 9/25 patients (36%, ITT) or 6/6 [100%, per protocol (PP)] patients. There were no suspected unexpected serious adverse reactions, no treatment-related deaths, no CTCAE grade 4 toxicity and three (12%) grade 3 toxicities. Changes in the QLQ-C30 scores during PIPAC C/D therapy were small and not significant.

Conclusions:

PIPAC C/D was well tolerated and active in patients with RGCPM. Survival was encouraging. Randomized controlled trials should now be designed in this indication.
Oxygen therapy in suspected acute myocardial infarction and concurrent normoxemic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a prespecified subgroup analysis from the DETO2X-AMI trial
Authors: Andell Pontus , James Stefan , Östlund Ollie , Yndigegn Troels , Sparv David , Pernow John , Jernberg Tomas , Lindahl Bertil , Herlitz Johan , Erlinge David , Hofmann Robin
Published: May 2019

Background:

The DETermination of the role of Oxygen in suspected Acute Myocardial Infarction (DETO2X-AMI) trial did not find any benefit of oxygen therapy compared to ambient air in normoxemic patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease may both benefit and be harmed by supplemental oxygen. Thus we evaluated the effect of routine oxygen therapy compared to ambient air in normoxemic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction.

Methods and results:

A total of 6629 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction were randomly assigned in the DETO2X-AMI trial to oxygen or ambient air. In the oxygen group (n=3311) and the ambient air group (n=3318), 155 and 141 patients, respectively, had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (prevalence of 4.5%). Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were older, had more comorbid conditions and experienced a twofold higher risk of death at one year (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: 32/296 (10.8%) vs. non-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: 302/6333 (4.8%)). Oxygen therapy compared to ambient air was not associated with improved outcomes at 365 days (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: all-cause mortality hazard ratio (HR) 0.99, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.50–1.99, Pinteraction=0.96); cardiovascular death HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.32–2.04, Pinteraction=0.59); rehospitalisation with acute myocardial infarction or death HR 1.27, 95% CI 0.71–2.28, Pinteraction=0.46); hospitalisation for heart failure or death HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.61–1.91, Pinteraction=0.77]); there were no significant treatment-by-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease interactions.

Conclusions:

Although chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients had twice the mortality rate compared to non-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, this prespecified subgroup analysis from the DETO2X-AMI trial on oxygen therapy versus ambient air in normoxemic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction revealed no evidence for benefit of routine oxygen therapy consistent with the main trial’s findings.

Clinical Trials Registration:

NCT02290080
Evaluation of a Community-Based Diabetes Prevention Program in Thailand: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Aekplakorn Wichai , Tantayotai Valla , Numsangkul Sakawduan , Tatsato Nutchanat , Luckanajantachote Pranee , Himathongkam Thep
Published: May 2019

Objectives: Lifestyle interventions have been shown to effectively reduce the incidence of diabetes, but evidence from middle-income countries is scarce. We evaluated the effectiveness of a lifestyle program to prevent diabetes in primary-care settings in Thailand. Methods: A matched-pair cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted in 68 primary care units in 8 provinces. The primary care units were randomly assigned to intervention or control arms. Individuals aged 30 to 65 years with impaired oral glucose tolerance were recruited and followed up for 2 years. The intervention included periodic group-based activities on healthy lifestyle behaviors; the control group received a one-time education program. The primary outcome was the incidence rate of type 2 diabetes at 24 months after the intervention. Results: A total of 1903 individuals participated (873 in the control group and 1030 in the intervention group). At baseline, participants’ characteristics did not differ between groups. After 24 months, the incidence rates (per 100 person-year) of diabetes was 12.1% (95% CI 10.7% to 13.8%) in the intervention group, and 16.6% (95% CI 14.6 to 18.8%) in the control group ( P < .001). Overall, the adjusted hazard ratio for diabetes incidence was 0.72 (95% CI 0.60 to 0.86). A mean body weight reduction of 1.5 kg was observed in the intervention group, whereas, an increase of 0.4 kg was observed in the control group ( P < .001). Conclusion: A community-based lifestyle modification through participatory group activities can prevent or delay the incidence of diabetes among Thai populations with impaired glucose tolerance.
The Evolution of Early Job Insecurity in Europe
Authors: Symeonaki Maria , Parsanoglou Dimitrios , Stamatopoulou Glykeria
Published: May 2019

The present study proposes a meaningful multidimensional index of early job insecurity for European countries based on raw micro-data drawn from the European Union’s Labor Force Survey (EU-LFS), and captures its evolution over time, before and during the years of the post–2008 economic crisis. More specifically, a number of different indicators capturing various domains of early job insecurity are estimated, utilizing the data behind the EU-LFS survey for all European Union (EU) member states. These indicators are then composed into a single indicator of early job insecurity, which is used to apprehend and compare the degree of early job insecurity in EU member states, during these years. The proposed indicator captures the whole range of early job insecurity aspects, such as labor market conditions, job quality, school-to-work transitions, and job security, in an overall measurement providing a way of estimating and comparing early job insecurity among different countries. The results uncover the considerable differences between EU countries when early job insecurity is considered. Moreover, countries are ranked according to the degrees of early job insecurity for the years 2008-2014.
Fragment-specific fixation of trimalleolar fractures utilizing the posterolateral approach: A preliminary experience
Authors: Gupta Sandeep , Virk Jagandeep Singh , Malhotra Anubhav , Garg Sudhir Kumar
Published: May 2019

Introduction:

Ankle fractures involving posterior malleolus are disabling injuries if not managed properly. Clinical and functional outcome of ankle fractures involving posterior tibial plafond is significantly worse. Although the surgical approach and techniques to reduce and fix this fracture are well described in the literature, there still seems to be divided consensus among orthopedic surgeons regarding the same.

Methods:

In this case series of eight patients with trimalleolar fractures, a posterolateral approach was used for fixation of posterior malleolus in all the cases. A preoperative computed tomography scan formed an integral part of management of such injuries. The Olerud and Molendar scoring system was employed at 12 months of follow-up to assess the functional outcome. Weight-bearing X-rays were taken to assess for any ankle arthritis.

Results:

The average age of patients was 48.8 years. The most common mode of sustaining injury was twisting of the ankle joint ( n = 5). The average time to union and full weight-bearing was 12.8 weeks (range 10–16 weeks). An excellent functional outcome in four patients and a good outcome in the rest of the four patients were obtained at the end of 12 months of follow-up. No significant ankle arthritis or complications were encountered.

Conclusion:

Appropriate preoperative imaging evaluation is an integral part of planning for these complex injuries. The posterolateral approach provides good exposure for appropriate visualization. Stable fixation of posterior malleolus in trimalleolar fractures plays a vital role in obtaining a positive clinical and functional outcome.
The Gut Microbiome Influences Host Endocrine Functions
Authors: Rastelli Marialetizia , Cani Patrice D , Knauf Claude
Published: May 2019

The gut microbiome is considered an organ contributing to the regulation of host metabolism. Since the relationship between the gut microbiome and specific diseases was elucidated, numerous studies have deciphered molecular mechanisms explaining how gut bacteria interact with host cells and eventually shape metabolism. Both metagenomic and metabolomic analyses have contributed to the discovery of bacterial-derived metabolites acting on host cells. In this review, we examine the molecular mechanisms by which bacterial metabolites act as paracrine or endocrine factors, thereby regulating host metabolism. We highlight the impact of specific short-chain fatty acids on the secretion of gut peptides (i.e., glucagon-like peptide-1, peptide YY) and other metabolites produced from different amino acids and regulating inflammation, glucose metabolism, or energy homeostasis. We also discuss the role of gut microbes on the regulation of bioactive lipids that belong to the endocannabinoid system and specific neurotransmitters (e.g., γ-aminobutyric acid, serotonin, nitric oxide). Finally, we review the role of specific bacterial components (i.e., ClpB, Amuc_1100) also acting as endocrine factors and eventually controlling host metabolism. In conclusion, this review summarizes the recent state of the art, aiming at providing evidence that the gut microbiome influences host endocrine functions via several bacteria-derived metabolites.
The mineralocorticoid receptor contributes to barrier function of a model fish gill epithelium
Authors: Kolosov Dennis , Kelly Scott P.
Published: May 2019

Cortisol-induced epithelial tightening of a primary cultured rainbow trout gill epithelium model occurs in association with reduced paracellular permeability and increased abundance of select barrier-forming TJ proteins. Corticosteroid receptor (CR) pharmacological blocker studies have suggested that to produce this tightening effect, cortisol acts on the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) as well as glucocorticoid receptors (GRs). This study considered how cortisol influenced model gill epithelium permeability and TJ properties by transcriptional knockdown of the gene encoding MR (mr-KD) using double-stranded RNA. Following mr-KD a significant reduction in MR protein abundance was observed in the epithelium. The mr-KD epithelium demonstrated reduced transepithelial resistance (TER) and increased the paracellular flux of [3H] polyethylene glycol (MW 400 kDa, PEG-400). Concurrently, mRNA abundance of gr2 and 11βhsd increased, indicating a possible compensatory response to mr-KD. Transcript abundance of claudin (cldn) -6, -8d, 23a and -28b decreased while cldn-20a increased in mr-KD preparations. Cortisol-induced epithelial tightening was enhanced in mr-KD preparations, suggesting that alterations in CRs and TJ composition augmented model epithelium barrier function in response to lowered MR abundance. Cortisol treatment significantly increased the transcript and protein abundance of TJ proteins such as cldn/Cldn -8d, and -28b. However, in mr-KD preparations, Cldn-28b protein abundance did not significantly alter in response to cortisol treatment, while Cldn-8d significantly elevated. Data suggest that mr-KD compromises normal barrier function of a primary cultured rainbow trout gill epithelium both in the presence and absence of cortisol and that Cldn-28b protein abundance may be modulated by cortisol via the MR only.
Novel Mobile Device-Based Tool to Document Sideline Evaluation of Athletes
Authors: Apple Rachel Price , Karpinos Ashley Rowatt , Bellamy Dennis Mitchell
Published: May 2019

We describe the implementation of the Athletic Injury Database (AID), a mobile device-based tool for documenting sideline encounters with athletes. Primary measures of the implementation process were: 1) patterns of AID use, 2) nature of sideline encounters captured, and 3) providers’ reported satisfaction. Over 2 yr, the AID captured 6237 sideline encounters by athletic trainers and physicians. Most encounters were among athletes participating in football (51%), soccer (15%), and basketball (12%). Knee and ankle injuries were most common. A total of 77% of sports medicine providers were satisfied with the AID. Providers can use information gleaned from a tool like the AID to improve documentation of care provided to athletes.
Police Use of Force as an Extension of Arrests: Examining Disparities across Civilian and Officer Race
Authors: Weisburst Emily K.
Published: May 2019

The United States is embroiled in an important debate about police use of force tactics. I find that black civilians are disproportionately likely to be involved in a use of force incident during an arrest, examining data from Dallas, Texas. However, this race disparity stems from differences in the initial likelihood of arrest. Further, I fail to find evidence of taste-based racial bias in use of force conditional on arrest, leveraging variation across officer and civilian race. The results suggest that reforms that narrowly focus on force-related protocols may be unlikely to reduce racial disparities in use of force.
Macroprudential Policy: What We’ve Learned, Don’t Know, and Need to Do
Authors: Forbes Kristin J.
Published: May 2019

Over the last decade, macroprudential policy has made important advances and become more widely used. We have a better understanding of its goals and tools, and are accumulating evidence that it can be effective on its direct targets, albeit often with unintended leakages and spillovers. There has been less progress, however, in terms of understanding: the ramifications of these leakages and spillovers, the optimal calibration of various tools, and how to identify the next risks as the financial system evolves. A top priority is better understanding the new vulnerabilities developing as risks shift outside the perimeter of existing regulations.
Common Ownership and the Secular Stagnation Hypothesis
Authors: Azar José , Vives Xavier
Published: May 2019

We extend the model in Azar and Vives (2018) to allow for investment and show that higher effective market concentration (augmented by common ownership) leads to lower equilibrium wages, real interest rates, lower output, lower labor share, and lower capital share as well (under a mild condition). We calibrate a multisector sector model of the US economy and find that the rise in common ownership may account for the broad evolution of labor and capital shares in the period 1985-2015 while measured increases in concentration cannot (under plausible values for elasticity parameters).
Monetary Policy Strategies for a Low-Rate Environment
Authors: Bernanke Ben S. , Kiley Michael T. , Roberts John M.
Published: May 2019

In low-rate environments, policy strategies that involve holding rates “lower for longer” (L4L) may mitigate the effects of the effective lower bound (ELB). However, these strategies work in part by managing the public's expectations, which is not always realistic. Using the Fed's large-scale macroeconometric model, we study the effectiveness of L4L policies when financial market participants are forward-looking but other agents are not. We find that the resulting limited ability to manage expectations reduces but does not eliminate the advantages of L4L policies. The best policies provide adequate stimulus at the ELB while avoiding sizable overshoots of inflation and output.
Labor Market Conditions and Discrimination: Is There a Link?
Authors: Boulware Karl David , Kuttner Kenneth N.
Published: May 2019

This paper's goal is to determine whether the degree of labor market tightness affects the frequency of discrimination charges. State-level panel data on enforcement and litigation actions from the US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, along with disaggregated labor market statistics, allow us to assess the effects of labor market conditions on discrimination based on race or ethnicity, and how these effects vary across states and over time. Our findings have implications for how macroeconomic policies might be used to promote equal opportunity in the labor market.
Minimum Wages, Morality, and Efficiency: A Choice Experiment
Authors: Lennon Conor , Fernandez Jose , Gohmann Stephan , Teltser Keith
Published: May 2019

We use a choice experiment to examine public support for minimum wages. We first elicit respondents' moral assessment of two labor market systems: one with a minimum wage and one without. Then, we present four pairs of hypothetical employment outcomes and ask respondents to “vote.” Our estimates suggest that the average respondent requires a 4.65 percentage point reduction in unemployment before they would support a system without a minimum wage. We also find that equity matters; respondents are 11.1 percentage points less likely to support a minimum wage if it disproportionately affects minorities and females.
Comparative behavior studies of growing dairy and beef bulls from two different breeds
Authors: RIBIKAUSKAS V. , KUČINSKIENĖ J. , ARNEY D. , RIBIKAUSKIENĖ D.
Published: May 2019

This study aimed at comparing the behaviour of growing bulls from two different breeds – Lithuanian black and white (dairy cattle breed, n=22) and Aubrac (beef cattle breed, n=17). The hypothesis tested in this study was that breed differences would result in differences in the behaviour of the bulls and that a clear understanding of such differences could lead to improved husbandry to meet their needs. Animals were raised in insulated barn in pens with deep litter, both breeds under similar conditions (animals were 11 to 14 month old, each group in separate 100 m2 pen). Aubrac bulls spent more time in standing, ruminating, drinking and aggressive behaviour and less time in eating than the Lithuanian black and white bulls. There were no significant differences in lying and moving behaviour. These differences possibly related to different breed of animals, and should inform decision making about the management of the two breeds studied.
Effects of Rapid and Ultra-Rapid Fluid Resuscitation Guided by Blood Lactate Clearance Rate in Diarrheic Calves
Authors: ERDOGAN H. , VOYVODA H.
Published: May 2019

The assessment of the results of intravenous fluid treatment in diarrheal calves is difficult under field conditions. To determine the effects of ultra-rapid (1 h) and rapid (3 h) intravenous infusions with 0.9% NaCl and 1.3% NaHCO3 solutions at a dose of 60 ml/kg on lactate clearance (LC) in calves with diarrhea. Sixty calves, including a healthy control group (n=20) and a group of calves with diarrhea (n=40), were used. Diarrheic calves were divided into two groups (n=20) according to solution type, and each group was then divided into two equal subgroups according to the infusion rate (n=10). Clinical and laboratory inspections of diarrheic calves were performed pre- and post-infusion, and the healthy control group was examined once. LC rates were calculated in the 1 h and 3 h subgroups. Marked improvements in clinical findings related to dehydration were observed in all groups with neonatal diarrhea that were given intravenous infusions with 0.9% NaCl and 1.3% NaHCO3 solutions. End of the infusion, the LC of the 0.9% NaCl and 1.3% NaHCO3 solutions in the ultra-rapid groups was significantly increased by 36.4% and 31.8%, respectively. However, for rapid infusion of the same solutions, 13.6% and 31.8% increases were observed, but the differences were not significant. Under field conditions, the LC of L- and D-lactate varied with the infusion rate, and these variations were significant in ultra-rapid subgroups for both solutions. Further studies will be designed for fluid therapy in calves based on the calculation of LC.
A case of Amidostomosis in a racing pigeon (Columba livia) in Greece
Authors: TSIOURIS V. , STARRAS A. , GEORGOPOULOU I. , ANGELOU A. , PAPADOPOULOS E.
Published: May 2019

A dead pigeon (Columba livia) was submitted to the Unit of Avian Medicine, Clinic of Farm Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece. It derived from a pigeon flock consisted of approximately 100 racing birds of various ages between 4 months to 5 years old. The flock was kept on a terrace indoors in 4 cages of 3 m2 each. Near this flock, there were also two other pigeon flocks in a distance of 20 and 30 meters, respectively. The pigeons’ health problem had been present in this flock for approximately 3 years before this delivery. Lack of appetite, poor growth of young birds, weakness, depression, vomiting, diarrhea and emaciation were the most important clinical signs of the pigeons in the flock. During necropsy, discoloration and atrophy of liver, spleen and kidneys, edema of gizzard, necrosis in the koilin layer of the gizzard and under this, presence of small parasites, dilatation in the anterior small intestine (duodenum, jejunum) and finally hemorrhagic content in the second half of the small intestine and the rectum were observed. According to the findings of the postmortem and laboratory examination, amidostomosis was determined to be the cause of the pigeon’s death. Although pigeon infection by Amidostomum spp. is reported around the world, so far, amidostomosis has not been reported in pigeons in Greece. Pigeon owners should take all the appropriate treating and managing measures to control the spread of this parasite and its consequences on their flocks.
Perivulvar squamous cell carcinoma in a cow
Authors: ORAL H. , BEYTUT E. , KURU M. , KARAKURT E. , DEMIR M. C. , ÖZAYDIN İ.
Published: May 2019

We present a case of perivulvar squamous cell carcinoma in an 8-year-old crossbred Simmental cow. A tumoral mass, of considerably large volume localized in the perivulvar region and growing at a slow pace, was detected in the animal. The mass, subsequently identified histopathologically and immunohistochemically as squamous cell carcinoma, was surgically excised from the perivulvar region using intrathecal anesthesia.
Counselling and knowledge on iron and folic acid supplementation (IFAS) among pregnant women in Kiambu County, Kenya: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kamau Mary , Kimani Samuel , Mirie Waithira
Published: May 2019

Background:The increased demand for iron and folic acid during pregnancy is not met through diet due to insufficiency or reduced bioavailability of nutrients among women from low income countries. Thus, iron and folic acid supplementation (IFAS) is a promising interventional strategy for control of anaemia during pregnancy. Kenya adopted the global IFAS intervention with a target of 80% coverage by 2017, however, the compliance remains low. Increasing awareness, counselling, communication and community education on IFAS have improved compliance among pregnant women. Thus, we aimed to determine: IFAS knowledge, availability, practices, and content of IFAS counselling among pregnant women attending health facilities in Kiambu County, Kenya.

Methods:A cross-sectional study involving 364 pregnant women aged 15-49 years. A two stage cluster sampling, including one sub-county and five public health facilities were used. A pre-tested, structured questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic data, maternal knowledge and counselling on IFAS was used. An observation checklist was used to observe practices and content of antenatal counselling session in each facility. Data was analysed using STATA in which descriptive and inferential statistics were computed.

Results:Of 364 respondents, less than half (40.9%) scored high on knowledge on IFAS. Women who were counselled on duration of IFAS intake, side effects, and their mitigation were more likely (p <0.005) to have high IFAS knowledge. Although all the health facilities had varied IFAS posters displayed, none had key IFAS counselling documents.

Conclusion:Less than half of the pregnant women had high IFAS knowledge, IFAS documents were scarce in health facilities, IFAS counselling information in different health facilities was limited and varied, and content of counselling was associated with levels of knowledge on IFAS. This underscores the need to strengthen focused and targeted IFAS counselling for pregnant women and standardization of counselling messages to improve compliance and pregnancy outcomes.
Genomic architecture differences at the HTT locus associated with symptomatic and pre-symptomatic cases of Huntington’s disease in a pilot study.
Authors: Salter Matthew , Powell Ryan , Back Jennifer , Grand Francis , Koutsothanasi Christina , Green Jayne , Hunter Ewan , Ramadass Aroul , Westra Jurjen , Akoulitchev Alexandre
Published: May 2019

Background:Huntington’s disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that causes degeneration of neurons in the brain, ultimately leading to death. The root cause of HD is an expanded trinucleotide cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeat in the “huntingtin gene” (HTT). While there is a rough correlation between the number of CAG repeats and disease onset, the development of clinical symptoms can vary by decades within individuals and little is known about this pre-symptomatic phase.

Methods:Using peripheral blood samples from HD patients and healthy controls we usedEpiSwitch™, a validated high-resolution industrial platform for the detection of chromosome conformations, to assess chromatin architecture in the immediate vicinity of theHTTgene. We evaluated chromatin conformations at 20 sites across 225 kb of theHTTlocus in a small cohort of healthy controls, verified symptomatic HD patients (CAG, n>39) and patients with CAG expansions who had not yet manifested clinical symptoms of HD.

Results:Discrete chromosome conformations were observed across the patient groups. We found two constitutive interactions (occurring in all patient groups) and seven conditional interactions which were present in HD, but not in healthy controls. Most important, we observed three conditional interactions that were present only in HD patients manifesting clinical symptoms (symptomatic cases), but not in presymptomatic cases. Of the patients in the symptomatic HD cohort, 86% (6 out of 7) demonstrated at least one of the specific chromosome conformations associated with symptomatic HD.

Conclusion:Our results provide the first evidence that chromatin architecture at theHTTlocus is systemically altered in patients with HD, with conditional differences between clinical stages. Given the high clinical need in having a molecular tool to assess disease progression in HD, these results strongly suggest that the non-invasive assessment of chromosome conformation signatures warrant further study as a prognostic tool in HD.
A comprehensive testing cascade to identify resistance breaking repurposed insecticides for next-generation vector control tools: screening a panel of chemistries against a malaria vector
Authors: Lees Rosemary , Praulins Giorgio , Davies Rachel , Brown Faye , Parsons George , White Anthony , Ranson Hilary , Small Graham , Malone David
Published: May 2019

Background: With insecticide resistance in malaria vectors spreading in geographical range and intensity, there is a need for compounds with novel modes of action to maintain the successes achieved to date by long-lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual sprays, used as part of an insecticide resistance management strategy. Screening existing registered pesticides, predominantly those developed for use in agriculture, may provide a more rapid and less logistically challenging route to identifying active ingredients of value to public health than screening and chemical synthesis programmes for novel compounds.

Methods: Insecticides and acaricides from all IRAC classes, including those with unclassified modes of action, were assessed for inclusion in a laboratory bioassay testing cascade against adult female Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. A longlist of representative candidate compounds was selected, excluding those with safety concerns, unsuitable physiochemical properties, and likely hurdles to registration for public health use.  An initial screen using topical application eliminated compounds with insufficient intrinsic activity, and a tarsal contact assay identified those with activity at an appropriate concentration. Compounds of interest were ranked by relative potency using dose response assays and discriminating dose calculations.

Results: Inclusion of an adjuvant enhanced the tarsal efficacy of several compounds, facilitating the promotion of chemistries with great potential, given suitable formulation, which would not progress based on activity of compound alone. Comparison of data between stages in the testing cascade suggest that a more streamlined approach, topical application to test for intrinsic activity and determining the discriminating dose to compare relative potency of compounds, may be sufficient to identify compounds with potential value for use in long lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spray products.

Conclusions: Identified were 11 compounds of interest as vector control agents (in descending order of potency): clothianidin, spinetoram, metaflumizone, dinotefuran, indoxacarb, abamectin, sulfoxaflor, oxazosulfyl, triflumezopyrim, fenpyroximate, and tolfenpyrad.
Healing mud of Crimea
Authors: Любчик Вера , Lyubchik Vera , Ежов Владимир , Ezhov Vladimir
Published: May 2019

The monograph systematized data on the therapeutic use of mud of the Crimea. Historical, medical, environmental, geological aspects of the use of mud resources of the Crimea are presented, modern ideas about the mechanism of action and methods of mud therapy are given.
The monograph is intended for doctors and specialists working in rehabilitation centers, sanatoriums, balneological and mud baths, boarding houses with medical treatment, sports and fitness centers, spa hotels, as well as for masters of medical and environmental specialties.
Incidence of Advanced Colorectal Neoplasia in Individuals With Untreated Diminutive Colorectal Adenomas Diagnosed by Magnifying Image-Enhanced Endoscopy
Authors: Sekiguchi Masau , Otake Yosuke , Kakugawa Yasuo , Matsumoto Minori , Tomizawa Yutaka , Saito Yutaka , Matsuda Takahisa
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVES:

Because of the increasing number of detected diminutive colorectal adenomas, the “diagnose-and-do-not-resect” approach has recently attracted attention as an alternative to resection. We evaluated the cumulative incidence of advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACN) in individuals with untreated diminutive adenomas and compared this incidence in individuals without adenomas.

METHODS:

Data from 1,378 individuals who underwent first screening colonoscopy (CS) and at least one follow-up CS without polypectomy were analyzed. Patients with no adenomas or with only nonadvanced diminutive adenomas (<5 mm) diagnosed by magnifying image-enhanced endoscopy were scheduled to undergo a follow-up CS within 5 years after the initial CS without treatment. The participants were divided into 2 groups: those with untreated diminutive adenomas (group A) and those with no adenomas (group B). The cumulative incidence of ACN and the hazard ratio were assessed using Gray's test and the Fine and Gray model.

RESULTS:

During the median follow-up period of 60.9 months, 21 ACNs were detected. The 5-year cumulative incidences of ACN in group A (n = 361) and group B (n = 1,017) were 1.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.5–3.4) and 0.8% (95% CI: 0.3–1.7), respectively, without a statistically significant difference (P = 0.23). No ACNs developed from unresected adenomas. The smoking status was significantly associated with the incidence of ACN, and the hazard ratio for ACN in group A vs group B adjusted for smoking status was 1.43 (95% CI: 0.52–3.90; P = 0.48).

DISCUSSION:

The low 5-year cumulative incidence of ACN suggests the potential to adopt the “diagnose-and-do-not-resect” strategy as an alternative option for diminutive adenomas not requiring excessive surveillance.
An evaluation of digital marketing applications in airline sector
Authors: Karaağaoğlu Nuran , Çiçek Meltem
Published: May 2019

In the age of digital transformation , enterprises use digital marketing practices effectively in order to increase customer loyalty considering customer relationship management, to create difference and to provide competitive advantage. The airway sector, where the acceleration is fast and the competition is high, aims to present fast and secure user experience and make the customer live a different traveler experience by using all technology and marketing related  platforms. Research problem is that it is a necessity for airline brands to digitalize by utilizing the richness of technology and to offer digital applications to consumers at the local / global platform. The aim of this study is to investigate the digital marketing strategies of a number of national and international airway companies such as e-mail marketing, web marketing, social media marketing and mobile applications and to analyze the positioning of digital marketing applications. Because digital marketing is the leading actor of marketing and it is presented as the real throne of virtual world in the airway sector. For this reason, best practices from Turkey and abroad were analyzed in the context of the effect of digital marketing on the customer relations management by using descriptive method and screening method. The findings of the research shows that, by the changes in the customer expectations and demands, the airway companies try to use the digital marketing tools effectively. However, the usage of right strategy for digital management is important to make difference and compete in the airway sector.
Constitución y ampliación de resguardos indígenas en Colombia. Una mirada al avance histórico y perspectivas de cumplimiento
Authors: Garzón Zabala Oscar Andrés
Published: May 2019

En este trabajo se propone realizar una revisión histórica de los avances en legalización de tierras a comunidades indígenas en Colombia, particularmente a partir de la conformación del INCODER (Instituto Colombiano de Desarrollo Rural), analizar las estrategias de planeación adelantadas durante el período de gobierno de Juan Manuel Santos para la constitución y ampliación de resguardos indígenas y reconocer algunas de las principales reivindicaciones de dichos actores étnicos; con ello se pretende tener un mayor acercamiento al conocimiento de las exigencias hechas por estas comunidades así como de los avances conseguidos en el marco de los acuerdos suscritos y de los compromisos que aún están pendientes por cumplir. La fragilidad del proceso y el incumplimiento de una serie de acuerdos pactados representan un medidor interesante para entender el proceso de construcción de acuerdos territoriales, así como una invitación para repensar las estrategias de diálogo y planeación con estas comunidades indígenas.
Aproximación a las prácticas ciudadanas en la escuela: el caso del colegio Fernando González Ochoa de la localidad de Usme (Bogotá, Colombia)
Authors: Gómez Rodrigo
Published: May 2019

En el presente estudio se hace una aproximación a la comprensión de las prácticas ciudadanas escolares de los estudiantes de noveno grado jornada tarde del colegio Fernando González Ochoa, ubicado en la localidad quinta de Bogotá (Colombia). Metodológicamente se fundamenta en un estudio cualitativo con enfoque hermenéutico-interpretativo, a través de observación participante, entrevistas semiestructuradas y grupos focales.  Se identifican como principales dimensiones de las prácticas ciudadanas escolares: la participación, la convivencia, el sentido de pertenencia, la identidad, el reconocimiento de sí mismo y de los otros, los derechos y las responsabilidades dentro de lo que implica ser joven hoy en el contexto social, cultural, político, económico y educativo del sector de Usme, así como de sectores vulnerables de la ciudad. Esta población juvenil en contexto escolar actúa de acuerdo con su realidad inmediata siendo permeados por los medios de comunicación, además de la familia y sus pares, que les permite establecer nuevas formas de interacción, que los diferencia de los adultos y son una muestra de las nuevas maneras de interrelación, comunicación y de participación ciudadana.
Ensayos triaxiales para suelos
Authors: Valerio Salas Oscar
Published: May 2019

En este documento, se presenta una breve explicación de la teoría del esfuerzo cortante, una descripción general de los principales tipos de ensayos triaxiales que se realizan con mayor frecuencia en un laboratorio de geotecnia, así como una detallada enumeración de los diferentes componentes que conforman el equipo de ensayos triaxial adquirido por el laboratorio de geotecnia del LanammeUCR. Finalmente se presenta el montaje y algunos lde los resultados producto de la ejecución de un ensayo UU.
Comparación de determinación de propiedades mecánicas en barras de refuerzo para concreto con extensómetro axial convencional y extensómetro láser
Authors: Monge Sandí Ana Lorena , Abarca Jiménez Andrés
Published: May 2019

El presente artículo describe el proceso de ensayo y análisis de resultados de 40 barras de acero para refuerzo de concreto, las cuales fueron instrumentadas con un extensómetro axial convencional de puntas simultáneamente con un extensómetro láser con el fin de determinar estadísticamente la validez de los resultados obtenidos con el láser y posteriormente validar su utilización en la práctica normal del laboratorio para este tipo de ensayos. Los resultados encontrados determinan que el extensómetro láser registra diferentes valores en la determinación del módulo de elasticidad de las probetas pero no presenta diferencias significativas en la determinación de los valores de cumplimiento requerido por las normas ASTM para su uso en concreto
Estudio numérico de la influencia del ruido presente en la señal, la ubicación de los sensores y la tasa de muestreo sobre el método BWIM basado en deformaciones unitarias
Authors: Lobo Aguilar Sergio , Christenson Richard E.
Published: May 2019

Los sistemas de pesaje en movimiento para puentes, en inglés Bridge-Weigh-In-Motion (BWIM), han sido utilizados con éxito para identificar algunas de las propiedades de los vehículos pesados que transitan sobre una vía. No obstante, las fuentes de incertidumbre no son siempre fáciles de controlar y por lo tanto podrían afectar la confiabilidad de los resultados. En esta investigación, se estudió la influencia de algunas de las dificultades experimentales que se presentan al utilizar el método BWIM basado en deformaciones unitarias. En particular, se analizaron tres efectos: el nivel de ruido presente en la señal, la ubicación de los sensores en el puente y la tasa de muestreo utilizada para la recolección de datos. Estos efectos se simularon numéricamente al añadir ruido generado sintéticamente a una onda de respuesta idealizada. En este trabajo se discuten los resultados con énfasis en posibles consecuencias sobre las estimaciones de velocidad y peso de vehículos pesados en pruebas de campo.
LOS LÍMITES DE LA ECONOMÍA ECOLÓGICA EN LA ERA DEL CAPITALOCENO
Authors: Escalera Briceño Alejandro , Ángeles Villa Manuel , Palafox Muñoz Alejandro
Published: May 2019

En este documento se ofrece una reflexión sobre las formas en que la economía ecológica, en sus diversas manifestaciones, ha abordado la crisis socioambiental en curso, y a la vez plantea los límites de esa heterogénea disciplina a través de un análisis fundamentado en el concepto del metabolismo social, apoyado por un acercamiento de los “Cuatro Baratos”que recientemente trajera Jason Moore a la discusión de los efectos del capitalismo para el entorno natural.
“ENVERDECIENDO” EL CAPITALISMO: UNA GUERRA CONTRA LA SUBSISTENCIA
Authors: Isla Ana
Published: May 2019

El capitalismo “verde”, como se presenta en las tres Conferencias de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Medio Ambiente y el Desarrollo, se ha propuesto para enfrentar las crisis del medio ambiente (ecológicos) y social (pobreza) que se vive actualmente en todo el mundo. Este "enverdecimiento" es una nueva etapa de acumulación de capital que implica: el uso de mecanismos financieros, como los intercambios de deuda por naturaleza; la licencia de las ongambientales para negociar los recursos de los países endeudados con las grandes corporaciones, el establecimiento de los valores monetarios de los “bienes comunes globales”. Por otro lado, los nuevos trabajadores son mujeres y hombres campesinos e indígenas que han adquirido nuevos papeles como proveedores de servicios en las nuevas industrias, como el llamado turismo ecológico. En este artículo se considera Costa Rica en esta etapa del capitalismo y se hacen las críticas al respecto.----Green Capitalism, as presented at the three linked United Nations Conferences on Environment and Development, has been proposed as a means to confront the environmental (ecological) and social (poverty) crises currently being experienced around the world. This “greening” is a new stage of capital accumulation that entails: the use of financial mechanisms, such as debt-for-nature exchanges; the license of environmental ngos to broker the indebted countries’ resources with large corporations, and to establish the monetary values of the ‘global commons’. Meanwhile, the new labourers are peasants and Indigenous women and men who have acquired new roles as service providers in the new industries, such as eco-tourism. This paper considers this stage of capitalism in Costa Rica and the critiques to it.
VICTIMIZACIÓN E IMPUNIDAD EN EL ESTADO DE MORELOS, MÉXICO
Authors: Gómez Azcárate Elián , Vera Alejandro , Ávila María , Arias Guadalupe , Vega Enrique , Arcos Joel
Published: May 2019

En este artículo se contrastó un modelo explicativo de la percepción de inseguridad, a través del análisis del papel de la impunidad percibida, programas de seguridad pública, confianza en autoridades y medidas preventivas, en la relación entre la victimización y la inseguridad. Participaron 8170 habitantes del Estado de Morelos, México. Los resultados mostraron que la victimización ejerció un efecto directo sobre impunidad y estas a su vez incrementaron la inseguridad percibida. Mientras que la confianza en las autoridades y los programas preventivos, disminuyeron la inseguridad a pesar del alto nivel de victimización. Los resultados tienen importantes implicaciones para el tema de la seguridad ciudadana.----In this article explicative model of the perception of insecurity was contrasted, through the analysis of the role played by impunity, prevention programs’ expectation, trust on the authorities and prevention strategies in the relation between victimization and insecurity. The participants were 8170 inhabitants of Morelos State, Mexico. The results showed that victimization had a direct effect on impunity, which increased the perception of insecurity. While trust on the authorities and the prevention programs reduced the insecurity regardless of the victimization level. Results have important implications for the citizen’s security.
Compulsive sexual behavior disorder in obsessive–compulsive disorder: Prevalence and associated comorbidity
Authors: Fuss Johannes , Briken Peer , Stein Dan J. , Lochner Christine
Published: May 2019

Background and aims

Compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) will be included in ICD-11 as an impulse-control disorder. CSBD also shares clinical features with obsessive–compulsive spectrum disorders (OCSDs) and behavioral addictions. There has been relatively little systematic investigation of CSBD in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), the paradigmatic compulsive disorder. We aimed to determine prevalence of CSBD in OCD, and its associated sociodemographic and clinical features, including associated comorbidity, to learn more about the nature of CSBD.

Methods

Adult outpatients with current OCD (N = 539) participated in this study. The Structured Clinical Interview for OCSDs was used to diagnose OCSDs (Tourette’s syndrome, compulsive shopping, pathological gambling, kleptomania, pyromania, intermittent explosive disorder, self-injurious behavior, and CSBD). Prevalence rates of OCSDs in male versus female patients as well as comorbid disorders in OCD patients with and without CSBD were compared.

Results

Lifetime prevalence of CSBD was 5.6% in patients with current OCD and significantly higher in men than women. OCD patients with and without CSBD were similar in terms of age, age of onset of OCD, present OCD illness severity, as well as educational background. Lifetime prevalence rates of several mood, obsessive–compulsive, and impulse-control disorders were considerably elevated in patients with lifetime CSBD.

Discussion and conclusions

A substantive number of OCD patients suffered from CSBD. CSBD in OCD was more likely comorbid with other mood, obsessive–compulsive, and impulse-control disorders, but not with disorders due to substance use or addictive behaviors. This finding supports conceptualization of CSBD as a compulsive–impulsive disorder.
SEKTOR PERIKANAN DALAM PEMBANGUNAN WILAYAH KABUPATEN ROTE NDAO: PENDEKATAN LOCATION QUOTIENT (LQ) DAN SHIFT SHARE (SS)
Authors: Luhur Estu Sri , Suryawati Siti Hajar , Kurniawan Tikkyrino
Published: May 2019

Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sektor perikanan sebagai sektor unggulan dalam pembangunan wilayah Kabupaten Rote Ndao. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dari Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) Kabupaten Rote Ndao tahun 2013-2016. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah Location Quotient (LQ) dan Shift Share (SS). Hasil analisis LQ menunjukkan bahwa sektor perikanan merupakan sektor basis dan unggulan dengan tingkat spesialisasi yang tinggi. Hasil analisis SS menunjukkan bahwa sektor perikanan masih memberikan kontribusi yang cukup besar bagi provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur, tetapi sektor perikanan memiliki keunggulan kompetitif yang rendah terhadap sektor yang sama pada level perekonomian Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Rekomendasi kebijakan yang disarankan adalah: 1) peningkatan pertumbuhan ekonomi wilayah dengan mengembangkan sektor perikanan yang berorientasi pada pasar luar daerah atau luar negeri; dan 2) sektor perikanan perlu ditingkatkan daya saing atau keunggulan kompetitifnya melalui pembangunan industri perikanan (hulu – hilir) yang berkelanjutan.