bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reducing Noise Levels Caused by Multi-tool Automatic Lathes as a Measure to Reduce Occupational Risk
Authors:   Rostov State Transport University, Yaitskova N.M. , Kostyukov A.V. ,   Rostov State Transport University, Finochenko T.A. ,   Rostov State Transport University
Published: September 2024

The work of machine operators is affected by occupational factors, one of which is noise caused by process equipment. Among technological operations performed by automatic lathes of longitudinal turning in terms of sound radiation intensity, external longitudinal turning, thread cutting, and chisel threading can be specifically mentioned. The study analyzes the noise caused by multi-tool automatic lathes and proposes measures to reduce the noise levels. To select engineering solutions for noise protection equipment, the theoretical calculation of octave levels of sound pressure is performed at the design stage. The possibility of replacing the main motion gear drive with a variable drive has determined the structure of the spindle assembly. The structure of supports has been determined based on the requirements for spindle blocks: by outrun at the front face plane of the spindle in radial and axial directions and by the rigidity of the spindle block (determined by the elastic motions of the spindle’s front face plane). The analysis of noise spectra caused by the machine with modernized spindle assembly has shown that the sound pressure levels within the frequency interval of 250–8000 Hz have been reduced by 10 dB. Unlike a prefabricated part, it is almost impossible to reduce the intensity of sound radiation of support; however, the structure of supports can use vibration and sound protection systems with magnetically charged rubber. The advantages of the latter are the magnetic drag to the metal base and high rubber density. The plate is installed directly on the upper planes of supports fully covering them. The only noise source whose sound radiation intensity has remained at the same level is the prefabricated part, as the cutting process provides no possibility of reducing its level in the source. However, the calculations of sound pressure levels, considering the time protection, have demonstrated their complete compliance with the maximum permissible values within the entire frequency interval.
The 150th Anniversary of Academician A.A. Skochinsky: the Phenomenon of his Research School
Authors:   National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kobylkin S.S. , Kaledina N.O. ,   National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kolikov K.S. ,   National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: September 2024

Alexander Alexandrovich Skochinsky was born on July 13, 1874. He graduated from the Mining Institute of the Empress Catherine II in Saint Petersburg magna cum laude. He established his research school, which his numerous students have developed since then. The year of establishment of the research school is 1904. In the same year, the Mining Journal published the dissertation of A.A. Skochinsky that was publicly defended in 1906. The scientific activities of Alexander Alexandrovich were mainly dedicated to the aerology of mining enterprises. Later, he studied various problems of the safety of mining operations and mine rescue work directly or indirectly associated with the safety of aerology. Today, we can see the phenomenon of the research school of A.A. Skochinsky as the established system of scientific views inevitably overgrows one research field. The principles of system analysis of mining geological and mining technological conditions serve as a basis for the development of new research fields by various generations of students of A.A. Skochinsky. The analysis of defended theses shows that the majority of the scientific community engaged in research of ventilation of mining enterprises are representatives of one research school of A.A. Skochinsky. The article provides a chronotope of the research school to illustrate the continuity and the scale of development by the names of famous scientists who carried on his research.
Efforts to Form Character in Early Children through the Martial Arts of Taekwondo at Dojang SMAN 1 Bonjol
Authors: Tamsil Hafid Abdul , Ismaniar Ismaniar
Published: September 2024

This research is motivated by the phenomenon of the uniqueness of efforts to form the character of early childhood through Taekwondo which is useful and can increase the potential and shape the character of children for the better. character building for early childhood through taekwondo at Dojang SMAN 1 Bonjol. This study aims to reveal the method of character building for early childhood through learning martial arts taekwondo at Dojang SMAN 1 Bonjol. This research approach is descriptive qualitative. Sources of data in this study were trainers/sabeum, PAUD parents, and the person in charge of group taekwondoin. The technique used in data collection is by means of observation, interviews, and documentation. The analysis technique in this research is data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The validity of the data was obtained by using triangulation of sources and theories. The results of the study reveal that efforts to form the character of early childhood through taekwondo aim to make taekwondoin have character, confidence, responsibility, discipline, and courage in taekwondo, and with tiered learning that is used can make children's characters become more disciplined and responsible, by a taekwondoin-level learning system with a higher level is in charge of each group and the trainer/sabeum monitors and provides direction if there are children who are not serious in training.
Sulam Skills Business Development Emerges in Increasing Family Income (Case Study in Solok Selatan District)
Authors: Larasati Resti , Ismaniar Ismaniar
Published: September 2024

The background of this research is the embossed embroidery business run by a member of the community, who conducts skills training for housewives. The aim is to improve skills, knowledge, increase family income and prosper the people of Solok Selatan Regency. The aim of the researcher is to describe the process of developing a embroidery skill business starting from communication, training methods and strategies and marketing of embroidery skills products. This research is a research using a qualitative approach, the research method is a case study. The source of the data in this study were housewives in Nagari Pakan Rabaa. South Solok Regency, which manages the emerging embroidery business as research subjects, and members of the emerging embroidery skills as research informants. Data collection techniques in this study are observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique used is data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. Data validity technique is by using source triangulation, technical triangulation and time triangulation. The results of the study show that the process of developing a business with embroidery skills arises starting from a communication strategy, how close and friendly communication is between managers and members. The process of skills training starts from planning, implementation, mentoring, evaluation and follow-up. The marketing strategy for embroidery skills arises starting from paying attention to the quality standards of the results of skills, promotions carried out through the government, members and utilizing social media and the process of establishing partnerships with several companies.Keywords: business development, training and embroidery skills.
Application of Andragogical Principles in the Catfish Cultivation Training Program at the Nanggalo District Office, Padang City
Authors: Tanwir Klub Harahap Mhd , Jamaris Jamaris , Setiawati Setiawati
Published: September 2024

The problem of this study is the high motivation of the trainee in following a training activity of catfish farming in the District Office Nanggalo Padang. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of gestures sources, provide a snapshot view of contact sources and give gamabaran dress informant. This type of research is descriptive quantitative research. The population in this study were all trainees catfish totaling 30 people, and samples were taken as much as 65% of 20 people, with sampling techniques stratified random sampling. The data collection technique used was a questionnaire, while the means of collecting data using questionnaires. Data were analyzed using a percentage formula. The results showed that: (1) the application of the principles of andragogy in speaker performance on aspects of body movement is very good; (2) the application of the principles of andragogy in speaker performance on aspects of eye contact is very good; (3) the application of the principles of andragogy in performance speakers on catfish farming training program on the aspects of hand gestures is very good.Keywords : Principles of Andragogy, Mitivation
The Relationship between the Intensity of Participating Majelis Taklim and the Level of Religious Knowledge of the Community in Andilan Pasaman District
Authors: Marfalak Marfalak , Solfema Solfema
Published: September 2024

This research is motivated by the low level of religious knowledge among the Andilan community in Pasaman Regency, allegedly caused by several factors, one of which is the intensity of participating in "majelis taklim" (religious study gatherings) at Pusaka Mosque in Andilan, Pasaman Regency. This study aims to understand the description of the intensity of participating in "majelis taklim," assess the level of religious knowledge among the community, and determine the relationship between the intensity of participating in "majelis taklim" and the level of religious knowledge among the community in Andilan, Pasaman Regency. The research employs a quantitative approach with a correlational design. The study uses a sample of 80%, or 32 members of the "majelis," out of a total population of 42 members, selected through random sampling technique. Data collection tools include questionnaires and closed tests. The results of this study indicate that (1) the intensity of participating in "majelis taklim" in Andilan, Pasaman Regency, is classified as low; (2) the level of religious knowledge among the community participating in "majelis taklim" in Andilan, Pasaman Regency, is categorized as low; and (3) there is a positive and significant relationship between the intensity of participating in "majelis taklim" and the level of religious knowledge among the community in Andilan, Pasaman Regency.
Prospective Public Education in The Era of Digitalization Through Content Creators
Authors: Deona Salsabila , Trigunawan Ivan , Mukhti Berlina
Published: September 2024

The era of digitalization has brought significant changes to various aspects of life, including education. Advanced communication technology enables the rapid and widespread dissemination of information, particularly through social media. This makes non-formal education increasingly accessible to the public, thanks to educational content created by content creators. This article uses a literature review method to explore the prospects of public education through content creators in the digital era. The results show that content creators can provide wide accessibility and reach, flexibility in access, collaboration with various institutions, and creativity in presenting educational content. However, challenges such as the technology access gap, content quality and accuracy, information overload, and data security and privacy need to be addressed to maximize the benefits of education in this digital era. Collaboration between content creators and educational institutions can enhance the quality of content, while creativity in content presentation is also crucial to attract public interest. Keywords: Public Education, Content Creator, Digital Era
Pemetaan Indikator Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Di Provinsi Sumatera Barat Menggunakan Analisis Korespondensi Berganda
Authors: Addini Vidhiya , Dony Permana  , Nonong Amalita  , Admi Salma
Published: September 2024

Pertumbuhan ekonomi merupakan faktor utama dalam pembangunan berkelanjutan di tingkat regional. Penelitian ini menggunakan Analisis Korespondensi Berganda (MCA) untuk mengeksplorasi hubungan antara indikator pertumbuhan ekonomi di Kabupaten/Kota Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Data tahun 2022 dari Badan Pusat Statistik digunakan untuk menganalisis indikator pertumbuhan ekonomi dengan enam variabel yaitu PDRB Atas Dasar Harga Konstan (X1), Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (X2), Jumlah Angkatan Kerja (X3), Penanaman Modal Dalam Negeri (X4), Belanja Pemerintah (X5), dan Dana Perimbangan (X6). Hasil MCA menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pola hubungan yang kompleks antara variabel-variabel ini, dengan dimensi pertama dan kedua menjelaskan sekitar 44.43% dari keragaman data. Plot hasil MCA memvisualisasikan kelompok-kelompok Kabupaten/Kota berdasarkan karakteristik ekonomi mereka. Dari plot tersebut disimpulkan bahwa terdapat ketimpangan dalam indikator pertumbuhan ekonomi di Provinsi Sumatera Barat dengan 11 Kabupaten/Kota memerlukan perhatian khusus untuk mencapai pertumbuhan ekonomi yang merata dan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi dalam pemahaman mendalam terhadap ketimpangan ekonomi regional di Provinsi Sumatera Barat dan relevansinya terhadap kebijakan pembangunan yang lebih tepat sasaran dan berkelanjutan.
Application of Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines for Modeling Stunting Toddler on The Island of Java
Authors: Rahma Dzakyyah , Nonong Amalita  , Yenni Kurniawati  , Zamahsary Martha
Published: September 2024

Stunting merupakan masalah gizi kronis yang dialami oleh balita ditandai dengan tinggi badan yang lebih pendek dibandingkan anak seusianya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memodelkan dan menentukan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi Stunting di pulau Jawa menggunakan Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline (MARS). MARS merupakan salah satu metode pemodelan yang dapat menangani data berdimensi tinggi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa model MARS terbaik adalah kombinasi (BF=24, MI=3, dan MO=2) dengan nilai GCV minimum sebesar 0.9475. Berdasarkan model, faktor-faktor yang signifikan mempengaruhi Stunting di pulau Jawa adalah bayi memperoleh imunisasi dasar lengkap (X4), bayi memperoleh ASI eksklusif (X3), ibu hamil mencakupi K4 (X1), dan ibu hamil mendapatkan TTD (X2). Dengan tingkat kepentingan masing-masinv variabel adalah 100%, 81.64%, 60.38%, 43.90%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, bayi memperoleh imunisasi dasar lengkap merupakan variabel yang paling mempengaruhi Stunting di Pulau Jawa pada tahun 2021.
MENINGKATKAN KEPERCAYAAN DIRI PESERTA DIDIK MELALUI PROGRAM PODCAST DI MINU WARU II SIDOARJO
Authors: Dewi Apriliyanti Kartika , Amelia Putri Nur Fanny , Pavytha Valda Isabella , Indriani Nina , Hidayatillah Putri Rahma
Published: September 2024

Pandemi Covid-19 menantang pembangunan dan penguatan kepercayaan diri peserta didik, yang mampu mendorong Madrasah Ibtidaiyah untuk menciptakan inovasi di era digital, salah satunya melalui podcast. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi potensi program podcast dalam meningkatkan kepercayaan diri peserta didik di MINU Waru II Sidoarjo. Melalui pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dan teknik pengambilan data seperti observasi, studi literatur, dan wawancara, penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program podcast berhasil meningkatkan kepercayaan diri peserta didik, tercermin dari peningkatan antusiasme dan keterlibatan mereka dalam proses produksi.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA MINAT MEMBACA DENGAN KEMAMPUAN MENULIS PANTUN SISWA KELAS IV SDN 84 SINGKAWANG
Authors: Ariyanti Yuni , Marhayani Dina Anika , Wirawan Gunta
Published: September 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk: 1) Mendeskripsikan minat membaca pada siswa kelas IV SDN 84 singkawang 2) Mendeskripsikan kemampuan menulis pantun pada siswa kelas IV SDN 84 Singkawang 3) Mengetahui hubungan antara minat membaca dengan kemampuan menulis pantun pada siswa kelas IV SDN 84 singkawang. Penelitian ini ialah penelitian kuantitatif jenis korelasional. Penelitian ini di lakukan di SDN 84 Singkawang. Sampel pada penelitian ini ialah kelas 4A yang berjumlah 25 siswa. Teknik dan instrumen pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan tes dan non tes. Teknik tes dalam penelitian ini menggunakan lembar tes kemampuan menulis Pantun sedangkan non tes menggunakan angket minat membaca. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwasannya (1) Minat membaca siswa tergolong sangat tinggi dengan rata-rata keseluruhan 29,16%; (2) Kemampuan menulis pantun siswa tergolong tinggi dengan rata-rata keseluruhan 50%  (3) Adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara minat membaca denga kemampuan menulis pantun siswa kelas IV di SDN 84 Singkawang dengan thitung = 1,099 > ttabel = 2,045 dengan signifikan sebesar 5% yang artinya Ha diterima dan Ho ditolak.
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA SEKOLAH TERHADAP PENGELOLAAN SARANA DAN PRASARANA DI UPT SMK NEGERI 5 WAJO
Authors: Apriliyanto Erwin , Herlina Besse , Basir Sutrisman , Nurhalisah Siti , Kurnia Adi , Kadri Laelatul , Hasanah Niswayanti , Nursanti Nursanti
Published: September 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh kepemimpinan kepala sekolah terhadap pengelolaan sarana dan prasarana di UPT SMK Negeri 5 Wajo. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa kuesioner, observasi dan dokumentasi, dengan jumlah pernyataan sebanyak 30 nomor telah divalidasi. Sampel penelitian ini adalah sampling jenuh dengan mengambil seluruh populasi tenaga pendidik  UPT SMK Negeri 5 Wajo. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh signifikan pada variabel kepemimpinan kepala sekolah terhadap pengelolaan sarana dan prasarana di UPT SMK Negeri 5 Wajo.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN IPS BERUPA KARTU DOMINO PADA MATERI KEGIATAN EKONOMI KELAS V SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Sari Yunita , Imansyah Farizal , Mulbasari Anggria Septiani
Published: September 2024

Penggunaan bahan ajar yang tepat untuk pembelajaran IPS sangat penting agar proses pembelajaran dapat berjalan dengan baik. Salah satu  bahan ajar yang dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran IPS adalah kartu domino. Akan tetapi saat ini belum ada media kartu domino untuk pembelajaran IPS khususnya pada materi kegiatan ekonomi kelas V SD. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Research And Development (R&D) penelitian ini menggunakan model ADDIE, yaitu Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, evaluation. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan melalui validasi, angket kepraktisan peserta didik, dan tes hasil belajar. Pada tahap pengembangan dilakukan proses validasi oleh para ahli. Dari hasil analisis data menunjukan bahwa media pembelajaran IPS berupa kartu domino yang telah dikembangkan dalam kategori “Sangat Valid” berdasarkan lembar angket validasi 3 ahli untuk validasi materi, media dan bahasa dengan memperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 81%. Nilai kepraktisan media pembelajaran IPS berupa kartu domino yang dikembangkan dengan kategori “Sangat Praktis” berdasarkan dari hasil angket respon peserta didik dengan memperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 84%.  Sedangkan efektifitas  media pembelajaran IPS berupa kartu domino yang dikembangkan dengan kategori “Sangat Efektif” dengan memperoleh nilai rata-rata 85%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa media pembelajaran IPS berupa kartu domino yang pada materi kegiatan ekonomi kelas V SD layak untuk digunakan.
ANALISIS PERAN GURU DALAM MENINGKATKAN KREATIVITAS SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN SENI RUPA DI KELAS V-B SD NEGERI 107399 BANDAR KHALIPAH T. A 2023/2024
Authors: Jabat Miranda Agita , Afriadi Putra , Simanjuntak Sorta , Sirait Albert Pauli , Purnomo Try Wahyu
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui: kreativitas siswa, peran dan kendala yang dihadapi guru dalam meningkatkan kreativitas siswa pada pelajaran seni rupa. Analisis data menggunakan konsep analisis Miles dan Huberman menggunakan instrumen observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kreativitas siswa aspek kognitif dan afektif masih kurang. Kriteria kreativitas siswa pada nilai 68-100 (kreatif) berjumlah 8 orang, nilai 33-67 (cukup kreatif) berjumlah 3 orang, dan nilai <33 (kurang kreatif) berjumlah 12 orang. Dalam meningkatkan kreativitas siswa guru berperan sebagai pengajar, pembimbing, konselor, evaluator, model/teladan, dan pendorong kreativitas. Guru mengalami kendala kurangnya sarana prasarana, kurangnya minat belajar siswa, dan kesulitan ekonomi orang tua.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INTERAKTIF TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN PKn
Authors: Khairani Siti , Pasaribu Rosida Minta Ito , Yunita Sri , Ndona Yacobus
Published: September 2024

Dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran interaktif berbasis aktivitas, siswa cenderung lebih aktif karena suasana belajar mengarah kepada siswa menemukan hasil pemahaman melalui suatu interaksi, mudah dalam memahami materi ajar, karena dibantu melalui media belajar yang kongkrit.Setelah dilakukan tindakan-tindakan dalam penelitian ini, hasil belajar siswa mengalami peningkatan yang sangat signifikan. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa penerapan pembelajaran menggunakan model pembelajaran interaktif dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran PKn.
PENGUATAN LITERASI MEMBACA PESERTA DIDIK MELALUI PROGRAM DIGITAL ‘SASISABU’
Authors: Rohmah Siti Muarifatul , Saputra Henry Januar , Dwijayanti Ida , Sustaminawhanti J.
Published: September 2024

Pada tahun 2024, tingkat literasi membaca global mencapai sekitar 87%, dengan Indonesia menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan hingga 96% pada populasi dewasa. Namun, kemampuan membaca anak-anak sekolah dasar di Indonesia masih rendah, dengan 70% peserta didik kesulitan memahami isi bacaan. Penelitian ini meneliti dampak program SASISABU (Satu Peserta Didik Satu Buku) di SDN Tambakrejo 01 Semarang yang mengintegrasikan teknologi digital untuk meningkatkan literasi. Metode penelitian meliputi studi kasus, data diperoleh melalui observasi partisipatif, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi yang kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teknik Miles dan Hubberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan program SASISABU berhasil meningkatkan motivasi dan kemampuan membaca peserta didik melalui akses ke buku digital dan aktivitas interaktif. Dukungan teknologi yang memadai, pelatihan guru, dan kolaborasi dengan orang tua serta pihak eksternal menjadi faktor pendukung keberhasilan program. Tantangan seperti ketersediaan bahan bacaan digital dan biaya pemeliharaan perangkat teknologi dapat diatasi melalui kerjasama dengan berbagai pihak.
The principle of competitiveness of the parties and freedom to present their evidence to the court and to prove their conviction before the court in the case law of the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Bronovytska О.
Published: September 2024

The author determines that the imperative instruction of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine provided for in Part 2 of Article 8 and Part 5 of Article 9 relating to the application of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, in certain cases, has necessitated a rethinking of the understanding of certain principles of criminal proceedings both individually and in their interconnection with each other, as well as in the compilation with the Court’s case law. This is due not only to the use of autonomous definitions by the European Court of Human Rights, but also to the differences in criminal procedural systems, the peculiarities of professional translation of judgments and many other factors.
In this article, the author analyzed the current criminal procedure legislation, decisions of the European Court of Human Rights and scientific articles.
Based on the analysis, the author concludes that the main feature of the implementation of the principle of competitiveness of the parts and freedom to present their evidence to the court and to prove their convincing nature in the case law of the European Court of Human Rights is that it is considered a fundamental right in the concept of a fair trial, and equality of the parties is distinguished as a principle (basis) for the implementation of such a right.
It is determined that this somewhat does not coincide with the legal regulation of such principles of criminal proceedings as equality before the law and the court and the competitiveness of the parties and the freedom to present their evidence to the court and to prove their convincing nature in the criminal procedure legislation of Ukraine.
After all, equality before the law is seen as a prohibition of discrimination, and equality before the court can be seen as a prohibition of discrimination by the court, and as equal opportunities in procedural rights, which is a component of competition.
With regard to competitiveness, the case law of the European Court of Human Rights identifies the following features of its implementation: it consists in providing an opportunity to familiarize oneself with the comments and evidence provided by the other party and respond to them; aimed at effective participation in criminal proceedings; equal opportunities should be compensated by judicial procedures in cases where equal opportunities have not been provided earlier.
Topical issues of collecting evidence by a defence counsel by requesting things, information and documents from various subjects
Authors: Dulskyi O.
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to identifying topical issues of collecting evidence by a defence counsel by requesting things, information and documents from various subjects. The article notes that in modern legal practice, the issue of requesting things, information and documents from various subjects is of particular relevance, since it affects not only the success of the evidence base, but also the observance of the principle of equality of parties in criminal proceedings. The article examines: the content of the request under Part 3 of Article 93 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine; common and distinctive features between the request under Part 3 of Article 93 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine and temporary access to things and documents; forms of request for the provision of things, documents or information. It is proved that the assessment of evidence by a defence counsel in accordance with the requirements of criminal procedure law is a false statement.
The author highlights the basics of forensic support for evidence and its component - evidence collection. The author describes the preparatory, working and final stages of the discovery process in accordance with Part 3 of Article 93 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine. It is shown that technical and forensic support for the formation of requests or appeals in accordance with Part 3 of Article 93 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine is manifested in the fact that the defence counsel actively uses such technical means as a laptop, computer, mobile phone, and the global Internet. It is found that defence counsels form requests or appeals for the purpose of reclaiming things, documents and their copies in the following ways 1) exclusively in the form of an attorney’s request pursuant to Article 24 of the Law of Ukraine “On the Bar and Practice of Law”; 2) exclusively by referring to Article 93(3) of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine; 3) by referring to both Article 93(3) of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine and Article 24 of the Law of Ukraine “On the Bar and Practice of Law” in one request or appeal; 4) depending on the situation and tactics of actions, all three previously mentioned methods are used.
In particular, the author comes to the conclusion that the defence counsel’s discovery of things, information and documents from various subjects includes both criminal procedure and forensic components. This procedural action consists of the following stages: preparatory, working, and final. All these stages are accompanied by technical and tactical forensic support.
Legal status of a child affected by war
Authors: Nalivayko L.R.
Published: September 2024

The article emphasizes that protecting the rights and interests of children is the most important task of any democratic state. International human rights law and international humanitarian law regulate the rights of children and their protection, as well as the respective obligations of states and non-state institutions in this area. The universally recognized mechanism for the protection of children’s rights remains almost unchanged, but in the conditions of martial law, new circumstances arise in which children’s rights may be violated, especially the right to protection from violence and ill-treatment. The main violations of children’s rights are: recruitment of children, use of prohibited weapons to wage war, obstruction in the provision of humanitarian aid, deprivation of citizenship, illegal deportation of children, murder and mutilation, damage to health care facilities, educational institutions, which leads to the impossibility of realizing the rights of the latter. The article describes the peculiarities of the legal regulation of the status of a child who suffered as a result of hostilities and armed conflicts. The legislation of Ukraine does not contain a uniform approach to the protection of children during the violation of certain types of rights and freedoms. In addition, some of the existing guarantees have no practical application due to the lack of a mechanism for their implementation or inconsistency with the realities of today. The international community, together with Ukraine, implemented a mechanism to protect and restore the rights of Ukrainian children. The violated rights of children during a full-scale invasion must be protected and restored through both national and international institutions. In this context, the Children of War platform created in Ukraine plays an important role. This is the only platform that collects information about children affected by war.
Conflict in Transnistria and OSCE efforts for its settlement: issues of international law and international relations
Authors: Ahmadov E.M.
Published: September 2024

The academic work is dedicated to the analysis of legal and political aspects of one of the ongoing prolonged conflicts that began after the end of the Cold War - the conflict in Transnistria. Compared to other post-Soviet conflicts, the armed clashes in the Transnistrian region at the onset of the conflict were not as destructive and large-scale, and the subsequent situation in the region has been predominantly characterized by stability. Nevertheless, the mere fact of the continuation of this conflict, which is referred to in scientific circles as one of the so-called “frozen conflicts,” indicates that international efforts to resolve this conflict are clearly insufficient.
As is known, negotiations for resolving the conflict in Transnistria are conducted in the “5+2” format and through separate specialized working groups. In the “5+2” format, a key role is played by mediators, represented by the OSCE, Ukraine, and Russia. Naturally, the most influential and authoritative mediator is the OSCE, represented by the Special Representative of the OSCE Chairperson-in-Office. The activities of the OSCE Mission to Moldova, established in early 1993, play an important role in the overall international efforts of the OSCE. In particular, the Mission’s staff conduct field operations on Moldovan territories, through which numerous local incidents occurring on both sides of the Dniester River are effectively resolved.
Therefore, such multifaceted activities of the OSCE in resolving the conflict in Transnistria provoke significant scientific discussions and debates. Studying the OSCE’s practices, relying on the scientific works of scholars in the field of international law, gives this research a distinctive specificity among scientific works dedicated exclusively to the political aspects of the conflict in Transnistria.
The central issue in the Transnistrian settlement is considered to be the question of Transnistria’s status. This issue is the cause of numerous discussions between the parties, each of which offers its own narratives to justify its position. The legal arguments justifying this or that option for resolving the issue of Transnistria’s status also vary significantly. Therefore, during the research, an analysis of legal norms was carried out that can serve as a basis for identifying the most objective options for resolving the status of Transnistria.
The aim of the scientific article is to study the legal and political issues of the Transnistrian settlement and to identify the main shortcomings of international practice in resolving such conflicts. As a result of the research, the main factors hindering more effective OSCE activities in resolving the conflict in Transnistria were identified.
The court’s role in conciliation of the parties in civil proceedings
Authors: Ignatyuk D.A.
Published: September 2024

As a result of the research, the author states the following: 1) the traditional approach to judicial proceedings, where the main thing is the definition of «right» and «wrong», is not always able to effectively resolve conflicts and satisfy the interests of the parties; 2) the court in the civil process must be interested in finding a peaceful settlement of the dispute and encouraging the parties to do so; 3) if the court applies forceful resolution of the dispute without attempts to prevent it, this indicates shortcomings in the justice system and failure to fulfill its functions to the full extent; 4) a peaceful settlement of the dispute with the participation of a mediator (conciliator) is indeed more desirable than simply issuing a court decision; 5) the reconciliation of the parties should be considered as a priority goal of court proceedings, and the resolution of the case on the merits - as an additional one, which is resorted to if reconciliation is impossible; 6) the role of the court in conciliation should not be limited to information.
At the same time, certain problems of the practical application of the court reconciliation procedure provided for by the Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine in civil proceedings are presented: 1) there is an urgent need for judges to master special communication techniques and mediation skills. This requires systematic training programs for judges and the allocation of time for such training despite the workload in the courts; 2) established stereotypes regarding the role of the court as a dispute resolution body, rather than reconciliation of the parties, really create a psychological barrier to the perception of a settlement procedure with the participation of a judge. It is necessary to more actively promote the ideas of peaceful settlement in society; 3) low awareness of citizens about the benefits of conciliation procedures requires more information and explanatory work on the part of the judicial system and lawyers. The initiative of judges in offering settlement can help; 4) the fears of judges regarding the additional burden due to the settlement procedure are justified. It is necessary to provide appropriate incentives and conditions for its successful application; 5) emphasis on the legal knowledge of the judge as an advantage compared to the mediator is debatable. Psychological preparation and mediation skills are critical for reconciliation.
Mechanisms of formation of witness immunity in civil proceedings
Authors: Tverdohlib E.V.
Published: September 2024

The article examines the issue of immunity of a witness in civil proceedings in view of the current legislation, which became the basis for the formation of the status of a witness in a civil court case. The author examines the norms of the Constitution of Ukraine, the Civil Code of Ukraine, and other laws of Ukraine, which establish provisions on the protection and realization of the subjective rights and private interests of a person on general grounds and cannot be violated during the implementation of any legal relations, including civil procedural ones. Provisions of international normative acts regarding the protection of private interests of a person during civil proceedings are also taken into account.
The article emphasizes that the role of the witness in civil proceedings is important in the formation of the evidence base during the trial, while the performance of the tasks of civil proceedings should not create a threat of negative consequences for the person, his relatives and relatives related to the spread information with limited access.
The article states that the immunity of a witness in civil proceedings is exercised either through the right of the witness to refuse to testify, or through the court’s duty not to allow interrogation of persons performing official or professional activities regarding the types of information, the list of which is provided for by procedural legislation. In order to find out the reasons for establishing the specified list of types of information, the legislation that defines the types of information with limited access, which cannot be disclosed on the basis of mandatory norms or can be disclosed only with the permission of the person to whom it concerns, was studied.
The article also analyzes the expressed positions of scientists regarding the role of a witness in civil proceedings and the status of a witness, which is characterized by the presence of witness immunity.
Based on the presented material, the author concluded that witness immunity is a means of ensuring the protection of the private interests of a person who, as a witness, has the duty to provide information in court.
Analysis of the provisions of the Budapest Memorandum from the point of view of their effective implementation in conditions of full-scale war
Authors: Kachmar O.B. , Kohut M.H.
Published: September 2024

The main prerequisites for signing the Budapest Memorandum by Ukraine are defined. An overview of the main miscalculations that led to the conclusion of the Memorandum is provided. The very form of the international document “memorandum” and its legal force have been analyzed. Statements are made regarding the reasons for the ineffectiveness of the norms of the Budapest Memorandum and ways of improving security agreements are proposed.
It is investigated that when signing the Memorandum, Ukraine and its political leadership interpreted it as a security guarantee for Ukraine, but the actual war since 2014 and the full-scale invasion by the terrorist neighbor in the east have raised a number of questions about the effectiveness of such a document and even more questions about how in the future, mechanisms must be laid out, fixed and foreseen for implementation, which should guarantee real security, and not only bear the declarative nature of norms, for the violation of which the aggressor will not suffer a fair punishment.
The article analyzes that Ukraine’s signing of the Budapest Memorandum, as well as its accession to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, had a number of preconditions that were not only objective in nature, but this document contains neither guarantees nor security for the provision that was called from the point view of its presentation.
The article also provides arguments about the fact that the main mistake that led Ukraine to the consequences that Ukrainian society is currently experiencing is the latter’s weak legal consciousness, which was nurtured by puppet politicians and purposefully advanced. The planned weakening of the army of our country, the destruction of the military-industrial complex and the subsequent aggressive expropriation of Ukrainian culture and self-identification were clearly planned by the aggressor, in order to realize his terrorist and invasive intentions. This article is intended to initiate a scientific study of security agreements as a form of international guarantee of protection to all parties to such agreements, regardless of their importance in the political arena.
Peculiarities of the protection of a bankrupt manager when he is held jointly and severally liable
Authors: Bilchuk O.O.
Published: September 2024

The Bankruptcy Code of Ukraine has attracted significant attention, particularly regarding the issue of joint and several liability of the debtor company’s manager and the debtor itself. Since the implementation of the Bankruptcy Code of Ukraine, sufficient time has elapsed for legal practitioners to develop certain perspectives, approaches, and algorithms for addressing the issue of imposing joint and several liabilities on the debtor’s manager.
The creditor’s path from the initiation of bankruptcy proceedings to the moment of receiving funds from the debtor’s manager’s assets depends on numerous factors. These factors include, inter alia, the corporate governance structure of the company and the regulations governing the market in which the debtor operates. These and other factors become the primary subject of investigation when defending the debtor’s manager in cases of imposing joint and several liability. This is explained by the fact that the level of the manager’s responsibility, their ability to make crucial decisions, and manage risks are all determined at the stage of company formation and management selection. Moreover, the law may prescribe certain procedures by which the debtor’s manager is obligated to monitor the financial condition of the debtor company. The existence of such procedures must be taken into account when formulating a defense strategy for the debtor’s manager.
This article focuses on how a debtor company’s managers should defend themselves when attempts are made to hold them liable for the company’s debts. Therefore, the terms «debtor» and «joint and several liability» are used in the context of the Bankruptcy Code of Ukraine.
The article analyzes the elements of a civil offense that results in the imposition of joint and several liability on the debtor’s manager. It also highlights some issues in qualifying the actions of the debtor’s manager when imposing joint and several liabilities during bankruptcy proceedings.
In civil offenses, the presumption of the fault of the tortfeasor applies, which has also been examined from the perspective of defending the debtor’s manager when imposing joint and several liabilities during bankruptcy proceedings.
The article includes opinions of practicing judges who have taken a deep interest in the subject matter, highlighting issues in the application of current provisions of the Bankruptcy Code of Ukraine regarding the imposition of joint and several liabilities on the debtor’s manager.
Positive experience of the Republic of Lithuania regarding the realization of the right to work by civil servants: directions of borrowing into national labor legislation
Authors: Pikul V.P.
Published: September 2024

It is indicated that in the process of the formation of Ukraine as a state with a developed market economy and the evolution of the civil service according to the European model, as a politically neutral apparatus of professional workers in state authorities, an urgent question for research remains the appeal to the positive foreign experience of the organization of the civil service, and especially - to the experience of exercising the right to work by civil servants.
The article provides a thorough analysis of the legislative mechanisms of the Republic of Lithuania that regulate the labor rights of civil servants. The specifics of Lithuanian labor legislation have been studied, in particular the provisions that ensure effective protection of the rights and interests of civil servants, as well as contribute to increasing the efficiency of civil service. The article examines in detail the main aspects of Lithuanian legislation related to the right to work, working conditions, social guarantees and protection against discrimination. In particular, the mechanisms of ensuring equal opportunities, professional development, as well as improving the qualifications of civil servants are analyzed. The study focuses on effective practices that contribute to reducing the level of bureaucracy and increasing transparency in the civil service. The author gives a number of concrete ways of borrowing the positive experience of the Republic of Lithuania to the national labor legislation. Proposed measures include the implementation of transparent employment procedures, improvement of the system of motivation and performance evaluation of civil servants, as well as ensuring stable working conditions and social guarantees. Attention is also focused on the need to adapt the best practices from the Lithuanian experience to national realities, taking into account the specifics of the national legal system. The author offers practical recommendations for reforming the national labor legislation, which can significantly increase the efficiency and transparency of the civil service in Ukraine. Borrowing the positive experience of the Republic of Lithuania can become a key factor for improving the working conditions of civil servants, which, in turn, will contribute to improving the quality of public administration and meeting the needs of citizens.
Peculiarities of modern judicial practice regarding negatoria defense of rights to land plots
Authors: Zaiets O.I.
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis, generalization and systematization of the practice of the Supreme Court in terms of the application of negatoria defense of land rights. Scientific approaches to the essence and content of negatoria defense of land rights are considered. Negatoria defense is compared with related defense methods, in particular, with termination of the infringing action and vindicatio. The following conclusions were drawn from the analyzed court decisions: 1) under the rebuttable presumption, the owner always has the right to own a plot of land, if the state registration of ownership of it has taken place. The owner’s possession is a direct, permanent, legal title-based possession of the land plot. Therefore, in case of violation of this ownership through state registration of another person’s property right on the same plot, vindicatio should be used for defense; 2) any other possession, different from the possession of the owner, is indirect, temporary, can be both legal and illegal. In the case of violations of ownership by such a temporary possessor of a land plot (both legal and illegal), the owner, as always the legal owner, must apply negatoria defense; 3) a temporary legal possessor of a plot of land (whose right to land is registered in the State Register of Rights to Real Property) in case of violations of his possession by another temporary possessor, whose right to land is also registered in the State Register of Rights to Real Property and their Encumbrances, has to apply vindicatio for defense; 4) a temporary legal possessor of a plot of land (whose right to land is registered in the State Register of Real Property Rights) in case of violations of his possession by another temporary possessor, whose right is not registered in the register, is defensed by applying negatoria defense. Exceptions to these rules for certain categories of land plots made by the Supreme Court are listed.