bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Interlaminal Contaminants on Mechanical Properties of Composite Laminates
Authors: Luo Liang , Ma Dong Li , Zhan Li Gong
Published: August 2011

In this paper, the influence of interlaminal contaminations of water, oil and paper on the mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composite laminates was researched. The results showed that the existence of interlaminal layered contaminations greatly degraded the mechanical properties of composite laminates. The deterioration of mechanical properties resulted from oil contamination was most serious. It was concluded that the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), compression strength and ILSS were more seriously influenced than corresponding modules. How those contaminations affected the mechanical properties was discussed. For further understanding of the effecting mechanism of water contamination on the curing kinetics, the DSC curves of prepregs contaminated by water were compared with that of normal prepregs. It was found that the initial curing temperature of specimens with water contaminant was lower than that of control prepregs.
Research of Power Transformer Fault Diagnosis System Based on Rough Sets and Bayesian Networks
Authors: Li Qin , Li Zhi Bin , Zhang Qi
Published: August 2011

As one of the most important electric equipment for reliable power supply, the secure operation of power transformer must be guaranteed. Three-ratio method based on the Dissolved Gases Analysis (DGA) is most widely used for transformer fault diagnosis currently. Its advantage is simple and easy to use, but its encoding is incomplete and the faults classification zone is over absolute. This paper combines rough sets and Bayesian Network. Rough sets is used to get useful characters, simplify data sets, obtain simplification rules and the minimum property sets; Bayesian Network is used to analyze the faults caused by uncertain elements in complex system. The fault diagnostic model is built by Bayesian Network Tool (BNT) in MATLAB, and the simulation result shows the validity of this method.
Preparation of Magnesium Borate Nanomaterials by Hydrothermal Route
Authors: Wang Guo Sheng , Wang Kang Jun , Hou Jia , Wang Ying Ming , Kong Chang Yi
Published: August 2011

Magnesium borate ball of wires, nanowires and petaliforms were prepared via calcination of magnesium borate hydroxide synthesized by hydrothermal route. Results of SEM characterization indicated that the morphology of magnesium borate hydroxide and magnesium borate could be talored via varying reaction temperature, reaction time and water's volume. And pure magnesium borate could be achieved when magnesium borate hydroxide was calcinated at 700°C.
Measurement of Diffuse Reflectance Spectrum of Biological Material with Single Integrating-Sphere
Authors: Zhang Lian Shun , Fu Lei , Zhao Kong Yang
Published: August 2011

Detection of interactions between light and biological material can be used to characterize the optical properties of the biological material. The purpose of this paper is to develop a method that measures the diffuse reflectance spectrum of biological material with single integrating-sphere. The experimental system incorporated a DH-2000 Deuterium Tungsten Halogen Light Sources, USB4000-VIS-NIR Miniature Fiber Optic Spectrometer and an integrating-sphere. Intralipid and ink were used to mimic scattering and absorbing properties of biological material in the tested sample. Total of 30 sample representing of normal and malignant human breast tissue were measured. The measured optical reflectance spectrums with different scattering and absorbing properties were analyzed. The result showed that the diffuse reflectance spectrums of normal and malignant biological material are different in intensity.
A COM Approach for Designing and Implementing a Material and Energy Statistical Analysis System
Authors: Pan Shao Wei , Zhang Liu Mei , Wang Jia Hua , Chen Fang
Published: August 2011

This paper discusses the concept and the latest development of Component Object Technology at first. Then it studies the Component Object Technology for developing Material and Energy Statistical Analysis System(MESAS) with support from software framework in detail. This approach may benefit on software development circles, reduce development costs, and strengthen the transplantation and maintenance as well as achieves software reusability.
Application of Amniotic Extracellular Matrix Nerve Conduit with Biological Material in the Peripheral Nerve Defect In Vivo
Authors: Gao Zhen , Luo Xiao Ting , Li Nian Sheng , Deng Wei , Li Shu Mei
Published: August 2011

Objective: To evaluate the peripheral nerve regeneration using a nerve conduit of amniotic extracellular matrix (AECM). Methods: 5 mm gap in the rabbit facial nerve was repaired with AECM conduit or with a silica gel conduit. After 7 days, 1 month and 3 months, the medullated nerve fibers and neural conductive velocity were determined. Results: On the 7th day, no neural regeneration was observed. But the neoformative neural fibers across AECM and silica gel were seen in the following 3 months, while the number and conductive velocity of medullated nerve fibers varied significantly at the different time points. Conclusion: AECM could repair the peripheral nerve defect.
Study on the Dose Parameters of 103Pd Radioactive Seed
Authors: He Xiao Juan , Qi Da Wei , Hu Nan
Published: August 2011

Abstract. The dose calculation parameters of 103Pd radioactive seed need to be determined strictly before clinical application for tumor implanted treatment. The radial dose function and the anisotropy factor are data analyzed and nonlinear fitted based on the value of dose parameters in American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) TG-43 and TG-43U1 by Cftool and SFTool toolbox in Matlab. Result was selected according to the optimum principle of fitting accuracy that is the coefficient of determination is close to 1 and gets the minimum value of the sum of square of deviations in fitting process. The calculation of the radial dose function and the anisotropy factor result are obtained in an ideal situation, and then the dose calculation of 103Pd radioactive seed is determined. The calculation of 103Pd radioactive seed provides a theoretical basis for 103Pd implanted treatment of tumor in clinical.
Improvement and Fabrication of Anode Pixel for FED Panel with Cold Cathode Emitters
Authors: Bai Chun Tao , Zhu Yong Sheng , Zhou Dong Feng , Niu He
Published: August 2011

With high effective screen-printing process, the diode field emission display (FED) panel was fabricated. The soda-lime flat glass was used as panel anode plate, and the indium tin oxide film covered on the anode plate surface was etched, which was used to form the anode electrodes. With simple screen printing method, the phosphor paste was prepared on the exposed anode electrode surface, so the phosphor dots were fabricated. Using insulation slurry as material, the insulation layer was also fabricated on the anode plate. The fabricated FED panel with carbon nanotube field emitters possessed good field emission characteristics and image displaying performance.
Grid Operation and Maintenance Station Locating with Electricity Materials Based on Improved k-Means Algorithm
Authors: He Yong Xiu , Zhu Jiang , Luo Tao , Chi Yuan Ying , Fang Rui
Published: August 2011

Under the grid integrated control management mode, operation and maintenance station location has been the key to ensure the stable operation of the grid system. Based on grid line cost minimization of operation and maintenance station and a k-means algorithm, an operation and maintenance station location model is established. Through the practical example, the model makes operation and maintenance station location rational and scientific under considering the operation and maintenance line materials cost between substations. The electricity materials play important roles in the study and some study will be put on it.
Synthesis, Characterization and Adsorption Property of Expanded Graphite/Conducting Polymer Composite
Authors: Zhu Min Cong , Qi Wei , Mao Yan Jie , Hu Yin , Qing Xin , Li Kan Zhu , Ye Yuan , Zhang Ying Chen , Li Deng Xin , Chai Hong Mei
Published: August 2011

In the present work, expanded graphite (EG) was prepared by microwave irradiation. Then, the expanded graphite/polyaniline (EG/PANi) composite was synthesized in the typical method. The samples of EG and EG/PANi were characterized by SEM and IR analysis techniques. Adsorption property of EG/PANi composite for removing the dye, reactive brilliant red K-2BP, from aqueous solution was investigated. The effects of initial dye concentration and contact time, pH, sorbent dosage on the adsorption process were studied. Experimental data were modelled by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Langmuir isotherm model fitted well the equilibrium data for EG/PANi composite comparing to the Freundlich isotherm model. The uptake capacity of EG/PANi for K-2BP was found to be 1.03047 mg/g. The results indicated that EG/PANi composite is not an ideal sorbent used for reactive dye removal.
Research and Design of Data-Interpreting Expert System for Geographical Prospecting of Dike Hazard
Authors: Yang Lei , Zhou Yang
Published: August 2011

Based on the characteristics of geographical prospecting data of dike hazard, this paper discusses the design of the data-interpreting expert system for dike hazard, researches the calculation procedure of inference mechanism and the construction of knowledge base. In the process of design, constructing complete knowledge base and based on the production rule, vogue inference is realized. A combination is also made between inference process and interpretive mechanism, to enhance the operation efficiency of the system, putting the system in better communication and interaction with the user. Research results show that this system can effectively integrate expert knowledge, reasonably configure data resource and enhance the reliability of interpretive achievement of hazard data.
Study on Short-Term Behavior in Construction Safety Manufacturing Management Based on Rough Set
Authors: Li Shu Quan , Liu Xiao Na
Published: August 2011

To investigate construction safety manufacturing management from the perspective of short-term behavior, the study first gets a massive first-hand data based on fully market research, then establishes a model and further analyzes what influences short-term behavior in construction enterprises, finally uses Rough Set to reduce these factors, and then determines what we should strengthen in construction safety management.
Multidisciplinary Design Method Taking Traditional Manufacturing Factors into Account
Authors: Liu Chang Qing , Luo Wen Cai
Published: August 2011

To investigate the effect of incorporating traditional manufacturing factors into Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO) process, cost-profit model was established and Collaborative Optimization (CO) was adopted to optimize the objective taking account of the traditional manufacture discipline as well as other disciplines. At the same time, the model without a manufacture discipline was also calculated using CO strategy for the purpose of comparison here. The multidisciplinary method was instantiated by a typical flight vehicle design problem. Results of simulation and sensitivity analysis show that the total profit of design is increased as compared to former design without involving manufacture discipline, and more control flexibility is obtained. Hence it stands to reason to conclude that manufacture should be treated as a discipline in typical MDO processes in further study.
Characterization of Traps in Crystalline Silicon on Glass Film Using Deep-Level Transient Spectroscopy
Authors: Mchedlidze Teimuraz , Zollondz J. Hendrik , Kittler Martin
Published: August 2011

Thin crystalline silicon films on glass substrate, fabricated using solid phase crystallization for application in thin-film solar cells, were investigated by deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). The analyses of the DLTS spectra obtained during temperature scans revealed presence of carrier traps related to dislocations in silicon. Other carrier traps of yet unknown nature were detected as well. Variations of electrical activity of the traps were achieved applying variations in the process of the film formation. These changes were also detected during DLTS measurements, suggesting a possibility for applying of DLTS for the investigation and characterization of the thin-film Si material on glass.
Defect Investigations via Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy on Proton Implanted Silicon
Authors: Schriefl Andreas J. , Sgouridis Sokratis , Schustereder Werner , Puff Werner
Published: August 2011

The microscopic nature of hydrogen decorated defect complexes created by proton implantation in silicon and subsequental annealing is not well understood yet. We investigated the defects and donator complexes using positron lifetime measurements and Doppler-broadening spectroscopy. In particular, the influence of variations in implantation dose, annealing temperature and annealing time on crystal defects were examined in Czochralski and in float zone silicon samples. Due to well known positron lifetimes in silicon an identification of certain defect complexes was possible.
Investigation of Defects in Solar Cells and Wafers by Means of Magnetic Measurements
Authors: Buchwald Rajko , Köstner Stefan , Dreckschmidt Felix , Möller H.J.
Published: August 2011

Elaborated characterization tools play an important role for the further improvement of solar material and the development of solar cells. Besides the huge variety of highly advanced methods mainly based on optical and electrical measurements, the direct measurement of surface currents by the detection of their induced magnetic fields has gained less attention. The novel method current-analysis-by-inductive-coils (CAIC) based on an inductive coil detector and is reviewed and compared with already established methods, which are light-beam-induced-current (LBIC) and dark-lock-in-thermography (LIT). The detector reveals complementary information at high resolution. The LIT measurements depicted shunting defects in forward and reverse current. Because of the high spatial resolution of the CAIC measurement technique it was determinable that in some cases the positions of current sinks in the CAIC maps are not corresponding with the microstructure. The analyses of the superpositions reveals macroscopic precipitates like SiC and Si3N4 filaments and clusters as an origin of some of the shunts.
Studying Light Soaking of Solar Cells by the Use of Solar Simulator
Authors: Naerland Tine Uberg , Olaisen Birger Retterstøl , Arnberg Lars
Published: August 2011

A review of light soaking of solar cells by the use of commercial IV-characterization instruments is presented. The paper addresses the challenges of studying light induced degradation (LID) using a high intensity light source. Issues related to heating of the cell, temporal intensity instability and the impact of the irradiance spectrum are discussed. The main focus of the paper is devoted to the degradation of boron-doped Czochralski silicon (Cz-Si) where boron-oxygen related complexes are responsible for a metastable defect formation. Some advantages and limitations concerning the use of IV characteristics to reveal the degradation properties of boron-doped Cz-Si compared to applying minority carrier lifetime techniques are also presented.
Short Communication: An investigation of the use of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy to predict the energy value of meat and bone meal for swine
Authors: Olukosi Oluyinka , Paton Neil , Kempen Theo , Adeola Olayiwola
Published: August 2011

Olukosi, O. A., Paton, N. D., Van Kempen, T. and Adeola, O. 2011.Short Communication:An investigation of the use of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy to predict the energy value of meat and bone meal for swine. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 405–409. The feasibility of using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) for predicting metabolizable energy of meat and bone meal (MBM) for swine was investigated. Thirty-three MBM samples were analyzed for chemical composition and their metabolizable energy content was determined in metabolism assays. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy calibrations were developed for gross and metabolizable energy of the samples. Coefficients of determination for calibration and cross-validation were greater for gross energy compared with metabolizable energy. Poorer prediction of metabolizable energy by NIRS may be due to sources of variation unaccounted for by NIRS. It was concluded that NIRS is feasible for predicting gross energy but not metabolizable energy of meat and bone meal.
A de novo 2.1‐Mb deletion of 13q12.11 in a child with developmental delay and minor dysmorphic features
Authors: Der Kaloustian Vazken M. , Russell Laura , Aradhya Swaroop , Richard Gabriele , Rosenblatt Bernard , Melançon Serge
Published: August 2011

We report on a patient with an interstitial deletion at 13q12.11. He had mild developmental delay, craniofacial dysmorphism, a pectus excavatum, narrow shoulders, malformed toes, and café‐au‐lait spots. Array CGH analysis disclosed a de novo deletion spanning 2.1 Mb, within cytogenetic band 13q12.11. The deletion produces hemizygozity for 16 known genes, among which GJA3, GJB2, GJB6, IFT88, LATS2, and FGF9 have potential clinical significance. The observed phenotype may be due to mutation in one of the 16 genes, or to a combination of deletion and/or mutation in a number of them. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The functions of crystallizable ethylene‐propylene copolymers in the formation of multiple phase morphology of high impact polypropylene
Authors: Tong Cuiyan , Lan Yang , Chen Ye , Chen Yong , Yang Decai , Yang Xiaoniu
Published: August 2011

The functions of crystallizable ethylene‐propylene copolymers in the formation of multiple phase morphology of high impact polypropylene (hiPP) were studied by solvent extraction fractionation, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), nuclear magnetic resonance (13C‐NMR), and selected reblending of different fractions of hiPP. The results indicate that hiPP contains, in addition to polypropylene (PP) and amorphous ethylene‐propylene random copolymer (EPR) as well as a small amount of polyethylene (PE), a series of crystallizable ethylene‐propylene copolymers. The crystallizable ethylene‐propylene copolymers can be further divided into ethylene‐propylene segmented copolymer (PE‐s‐PP) with a short sequence length of PE and PP segments, and ethylene‐propylene block copolymer (PE‐b‐PP) with a long sequence length of PE and PP blocks. PE‐s‐PP and PE‐b‐PP participate differently in the formation of multilayered core‐shell structure of the dispersed phase in hiPP. PE‐s‐PP (like PE) constructs inner core, PE‐b‐PP forms outer shell, while intermediate layer is resulted from EPR. The main reason of the different functions of the crystallizable ethylene‐propylene copolymers is due to their different compatibility with the PP matrix. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
An educational toolbox for performance analysis of line‐start permanent magnet synchronous motors
Authors: Isfahani Arash Hassanpour , Vaez‐Zadeh Sadegh , Hasanzadeh Saeed
Published: August 2011

This article presents the development of an education purpose toolbox for performance analysis of three‐phase line start permanent magnet synchronous motors. The motor state‐space equations are implemented in Simulink and an easy to use graphic user interface is designed. The starting performance of a typical motor is then simulated in different conditions as a case study. This toolbox provides a friendly and efficient environment for students to become familiar with the performance of this type of motor which is receiving increasing attention in the industry and academic. An experimental study is also carried out to validate the toolbox. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 22:452–462, 2014; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.10.1002/cae.20569
On the Egress of Carbon Monoxide from Myoglobin
Authors: Pietra Francesco
Published: August 2011

The pathways of escape of carbon monoxide (CO) from sperm whale myoglobin were investigated by means of a biased form of all‐atoms molecular dynamics (RAMD), whereby a weak, randomly oriented force is applied to the center of mass of CO. The force only persists if the direction taken by CO continues for a given period of time, otherwise a new direction is randomly chosen. A statistically significant number of RAMD runs gave distinct responses according to the level of approximations used for the model. Thus, with rigid bonds to all H‐atoms, several portals for CO egress toward the solvent, besides the main H64 gate, were identified, like in recently published unbiased massive MD, six orders of magnitude acceleration of CO escape in RAMD notwithstanding. In contrast, by removing the approximation of rigid bonds in the model, only one of these extra portals was identified, besides the H64 portal. Sticking to this all‐free‐bonds model, Perutz's early suggestion that the H64 imidazole must rotate ‘out’ toward the solvent in order that CO can cross the H64 gate was directly implemented. RAMD Simulations with this model led to CO egress from the H64 gate only, reconciling theory with experiments.
Clinical profiles and long‐term outcomes of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ben Qiwen , Xu Maojin , Jiang Ying , Yuan Yaozong , Wang Kaixuan , Fang Jun , Li Zhaoshen
Published: August 2011

Background

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered to be a possible risk factor and/or a manifestation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This study is aimed at analysing the potential association of diabetes mellitus with the development and pathogenic degrees of PDAC and post‐surgical survival of Chinese Han PDAC patients.

Methods

A total of 1123 patients with PDAC were recruited and included 256 patients with diabetes mellitus within 2 years (new‐onset) and 62 patients with diabetes mellitus ≥ 2 years (long‐standing). Additional 466 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were included in this study. Their clinical characteristics and long‐term outcomes were analysed.

Results

In comparison with patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus alone, PDAC patients with new‐onset diabetes mellitus had an older onset age of diabetes mellitus and lower body mass index (BMI). Among PDAC cases, patients with new‐onset diabetes mellitus were associated with neural invasion, poor tumour differentiation and shorter post‐surgical survival. However, more than half of these patients became euglycemic after surgical resection of tumours.

Conclusions

PDAC patients developed new‐onset diabetes mellitus at an older age, and they had shorter post‐surgical survival. The underlying mechanisms by which comorbid diabetes mellitus affect the clinical profiles and outcomes of PDAC patients deserve further researches. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient Synthesis of (3E)‐3‐[Amino(aryl)methylidene]chromane‐2,4‐diones (=(3E)‐3‐[Amino(aryl)methylene]‐2H‐1‐benzopyran‐2,4(3H)‐diones) via a Three‐Component Reaction
Authors: Ghabraie Elmira , Bararjanian Morteza , Balalaie Saeed , Rominger Frank , Bijanzadeh Hamid Reza
Published: August 2011

The Michael‐type addition of a 4‐hydroxycoumarin (=4‐hydroxy‐2H‐1‐benzopyran‐2‐one) 1 to a β‐nitrostyrene (=(2‐nitroethenyl)benzene) 2 in the presence of AcONH4 leads to substituted (3E)‐3‐[amino(aryl)methylidene]chroman‐2,4‐diones (=(3E)‐3‐[amino(aryl)methylene]‐2H‐1‐benzopyran‐2,4(3H)‐diones) 4 (Table 1). High yields, short reaction time, and easy workup are advantages of this novel one‐pot three‐component reaction.
Synthesis of β‐Hydroxy α‐Sulfanyl Esters by Using Nanocrystalline Magnesium Oxide
Authors: Mahendar Koosam , Sarma A. V. S. , Raghavaiah P. , Kantam Mannepalli Lakshmi , Klabunde Kenneth J.
Published: August 2011

Aldol‐type reaction between electron deficient aldehydes and sulfonium salts to afford the corresponding β‐hydroxy α‐sulfanyl esters in moderate‐to‐good yields by using nanocrystalline MgO is described. The sulfanyl group is a useful group for further transformations in organic synthesis. Low Rf‐value isomer is anti‐configured as revealed by X‐ray diffraction study and consistent with the assignment of 1H‐NMR spectrum.
Metal‐Free Multicomponent Synthesis of (α‐Aminoalkyl)phosphonates Using 2,4,6‐Trichloro‐1,3,5‐triazine
Authors: Das Biswanath , Kumar Avula Satya , Kumar Jayprakash Narayan
Published: August 2011

(α‐Aminoalkyl)phosphonates have efficiently been synthesized by multicomponent reaction of aldehydes, amines, and triethyl phosphite in the presence of 2,4,6‐trichloro‐1,3,5‐triazine at room temperature. The products are formed in high yields (83–91%) within 0.5–1 h.
1‐[(E)‐2‐Arylethenyl]‐2,2‐diphenylcyclopropanes: Kinetics and Mechanism of Rearrangement to Cyclopentenes
Authors: Mulzer Johann , Huisgen Rolf , Arion Vladimir , Sustmann Reiner
Published: August 2011

Kinetic measurements for the thermal rearrangement of 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐[(E)‐styryl]cyclopropane (22a) to 3,4,4‐triphenylcyclopent‐1‐ene (23a) in decalin furnished ΔH$\rm{{_{isom}^{\ne }}}$=31.0±1.2 kcal mol−1 and ΔS$\rm{{_{isom}^{\ne }}}$=−6.0±2.6 e.u. The lowering of ΔH≠ by 20 kcal mol−1, compared with the rearrangement of the vinylcyclopropane parent, is ascribed to the stabilization of a transition structure (TS) with allylic diradical character. The racemization of (+)‐(S)‐22a proceeds with ΔH$\rm{{_{rac}^{\ne }}}$=28.2±0.8 kcal mol−1 and ΔS$\rm{{_{rac}^{\ne }}}$=−5±2 e.u., and is at 150° 106 times faster than the rearrangement. Seven further 1‐(2‐arylethenyl)‐2,2‐diphenylcyclopropanes 22, (E)‐ and (Z)‐isomers, were synthesized and characterized. The (E)‐compounds showed only modest substituent influence in their krac (at 119.4°) and kisom (at 159.3°) values. The lack of solvent dependence of rate opposes charge separation in the TS, but a linear relation of log krac with log p.r.f., i.e., partial rate factors of radical phenylations of ArH, agrees with a diradical TS. The ring‐opening of the preponderant s‐trans‐conformation of 22 gives rise to the 1‐exo‐phenylallyl radical 26 that bears the diphenylethyl radical in 3‐exo‐position, and is responsible for racemization. The 1‐exo‐3‐endo‐substituted allylic diradical 27 arises from the minor s‐gauche‐conformation of 22 and is capable of closing the three‐ or the five‐membered ring, 22 or 23, respectively. The discussion centers on the question whether the allylic diradical is an intermediate or merely a TS. Quantum‐chemical calculations by Houk et al. (1997) for the parent vinylcyclopropane reveal the lack of an intermediate. Can the conjugation of the allylic diradical with three Ph groups carve the well of an intermediate?
RETRACTED: A multiplicity of anti‐invasive effects of farnesyl transferase inhibitor SCH66336 in human head and neck cancer
Authors: Oh Seung Hyun , Kang Ju‐Hee , Kyu Woo Jong , Lee Ok‐Hee , Kim Edward S. , Lee Ho‐Young
Published: August 2011

Metastasis is a critical event in the progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and closely correlates with clinical outcome. We previously showed that the farnesyl transferase inhibitor SCH66336 has antitumor activities in HNSCC by inducing the secretion of insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP‐3), which in turn inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis. In our study, we found that SCH66336 at a sublethal dose for HNSCC inhibited the migration and invasion of HNSCC cells. The inhibitory effect of SCH66336 was associated with the blockade of the IGF‐1 receptor (IGF‐1R) pathway via suppressing IGF‐1R itself and Akt expression. Consistent with previous work, induction of IGFBP‐3 by SCH66336 also contributed in part to the anti‐invasive effect. SCH66336 treatment also reduced the expression and activity of the urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (uPA) and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP‐2), both important regulators of tumor metastasis. The effect of SCH66336 on uPA activity was inhibited partly by knockdown of IGFBP‐3 using small interfering RNA. The inhibitory effect of SCH66336 on migration or invasion was attenuated partly or completely by knockdown of IGFBP‐3, Akt or IGF‐1R expression, respectively. Our results demonstrate that the IGF‐1R pathway plays a major role in the proliferation, migration and invasion of HNSCC cells, suggesting that therapeutic obstruction of the IGF‐1R pathway would be a useful approach to treating patients with HNSCC.
Characterization of skin abnormalities in a mouse model of osteogenesis imperfecta using high resolution magnetic resonance imaging and Fourier transform infrared imaging spectroscopy
Authors: Canuto H. C. , Fishbein K. W. , Huang A. , Doty S. B. , Herbert R. A. , Peckham J. , Pleshko N. , Spencer R. G.
Published: August 2011

Evaluation of the skin phenotype in osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) typically involves biochemical measurements, such as histologic or biochemical assessment of the collagen produced from biopsy‐derived dermal fibroblasts. As an alternative, the current study utilized non‐invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) microscopy and optical spectroscopy to define biophysical characteristics of skin in an animal model of OI. MRI of skin harvested from control, homozygous oim/oim and heterozygous oim/+ mice demonstrated several differences in anatomic and biophysical properties. Fourier transform infrared imaging spectroscopy (FT‐IRIS) was used to interpret observed MRI signal characteristics in terms of chemical composition. Differences between wild‐type and OI mouse skin included the appearance of a collagen‐depleted lower dermal layer containing prominent hair follicles in the oim/oim mice, accounting for 55% of skin thickness in these. The MRI magnetization transfer rate was lower by 50% in this layer as compared to the upper dermis, consistent with lower collagen content. The MRI transverse relaxation time, T2, was greater by 30% in the dermis of the oim/oim mice compared to controls, consistent with a more highly hydrated collagen network. Similarly, an FT‐IRIS‐defined measure of collagen integrity was 30% lower in the oim/oim mice. We conclude that characterization of phenotypic differences between the skin of OI and wild‐type mice by MRI and FT‐IRIS is feasible, and that these techniques provide powerful complementary approaches for the analysis of the skin phenotype in animal models of disease. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hemophagocytic syndrome in a 4‐month‐old infant with biotinidase deficiency
Authors: Kardas Fatih , Patiroglu Turkan , Unal Ekrem , Chiang Samuel C.C. , Bryceson Yenan T. , Kendirci Mustafa
Published: August 2011

Hemophagocytic syndromes such as hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) are life‐threatening hyperinflammatory conditions caused by inherited or acquired immune disorders. Awareness of the clinical symptoms and diagnostic criteria for hemophagocytic syndromes is crucial to start timely life‐saving therapy. We present a case of a 4‐month‐old boy presenting with HLH. However, the patient was subsequently diagnosed with biotinidase deficiency and was successfully treated with biotin‐replacement therapy, upon which the hemophagocytic syndrome ceased. Subsequent laboratory evaluations revealed normal lymphocyte cytotoxicity and no mutations in genes associated with familial HLH were found. Biotinidase deficiency should be considered as a differential diagnosis of patients fulfilling HLH criteria. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 191–193. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Combined Anomalies Prediction Using the Bayesian Theory
Authors: Elias Hadjadj Aoul , Abdelaziz Lakehal
Published: August 2011

The industry world uses machines and plants that are increasingly powerful and complex. The requirements of high safety, the reduction of the exploitation costs, and the control of the equipment availability give to maintenance a dominating role. The industrialists attach a great importance to the conditional maintenance of the revolving machines that use primarily the vibrations of their rotors. The temperature measurements in the stages can bring additional information to vibrations.

In conditional preventive maintenance, the diagnosis of failures of the industrial systems, if it is carried out with effectiveness, represents one of the means to gain points of productivity. It consists in observing the symptoms of a failure and then identifying the cause using a logical reasoning founded on observations, that is, to dismount a deterministic mechanism between the cause and its effect.

This research presents and discusses the decision making that is practically exerted with each stage in the procedure of industrial diagnosis and tool of assistance to the decision making. The approach used is Bayesian theory to reveal a defect masked by another in the low frequency (combined defect). The turbo compressor as an object of research, vibratory analyses, and thermography are the techniques used in this work. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of atomic oxygen irradiation on structural and tribological properties of polyimide/Al2O3 composites
Authors: Liu Baixing , Pei Xianqiang , Wang Qihua , Sun Xiaojun , Wang Tingmei
Published: August 2011

To understand the effects of atomic oxygen (AO) irradiation on the structural and tribological behaviors of polymer composites, polyimide/Al2O3 composites were irradiated with AO in a ground‐based simulation facility. The structural changes were characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and attenuated total‐reflection FTIR, whereas the tribological changes were evaluated by friction and wear tests as well as scanning electron microscopy analysis of the worn surfaces. It was found that AO irradiation induced the oxidation and degradation of polyimide molecular chains, which increased the O concentration and decreased the C concentration in the composite surfaces. The destruction action of AO changed the surface chemical structure and morphology of the samples. Friction and wear tests indicated that AO irradiation decreased the friction coefficient but increased the wear rate of both pure and Al2O3 filled polyimides. In terms of the tribological properties, appropriate content of Al2O3 might be favorable for the improvement of tribological properties in AO environment. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insecure Advantage? Markets for Technology and the Value of Resources for Entrepreneurial Ventures
Authors: Arora Ashish , Nandkumar Anand
Published: August 2011

We study how the impact of capabilities for performance is contingent upon the environment. Using a novel dataset of information security start‐ups, we study how markets for technology change the relative impact of technology and marketing capabilities on performance. Since internal technical effort enables firms to generate technology inputs instead of acquiring them from the market (substitute), a greater supply of technology diminishes the importance of technical ability as a source of competitive advantage. Moreover, since marketing capability complements technology inputs, a greater supply of technology enhances the impact of marketing capability on performance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cervical length at 30–32 weeks and the risk of Cesarean delivery in twin pregnancies
Authors: Fox N. S. , Rebarber A. , Roman A. S. , Klauser C. K. , Saltzman D. H.
Published: August 2011

Objectives

To estimate the association between the cervical length (CL) measurement at 30–32 weeks and the mode of delivery in twin pregnancies.

Methods

This was a retrospective study of a cohort, from 2005–2010, of 265 twin pregnancies with a CL measurement at 30–32 weeks. We compared the CL measurement at 30–32 weeks based on mode of delivery. We then analyzed our data across four subgroups, based on the CL measurement quartiles at 30–32 weeks. We performed this analysis in all patients, and also performed a planned subgroup analysis of 130 patients who attempted a vaginal delivery.

Results

In all patients, including those who attempted a vaginal delivery, the mean CL at 30–32 weeks was significantly shorter in women who delivered vaginally compared with women who had a Cesarean section. The likelihood of Cesarean delivery increased significantly with increasing CL measurement across the groups defined by measurement quartiles. On adjusted analysis controlling for maternal age, race, in‐vitro fertilization, chorionicity, induction of labor and prior vaginal delivery, the CL measurement at 30–32 weeks was independently associated with mode of delivery.

Conclusions

In twin pregnancies, the CL at 30–32 weeks is significantly associated with the likelihood of Cesarean delivery. A longer CL may represent underdevelopment of the uterus, leading to a higher risk of Cesarean delivery in labor at term. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Properties of the Zintl Phases Sr2ZnP2, Sr2ZnAs2, A2ZnSb2 and A2ZnBi2 (A = Sr and Eu)
Authors: Wilson Dereck K. , Saparov Bayrammurad , Bobev Svilen
Published: August 2011

The new intermetallic compounds Sr2ZnP2, Sr2ZnAs2, A2ZnSb2 and A2ZnBi2 (A = Sr, Eu) have been synthesized from the corresponding elements through high‐temperature reactions using the flux‐growth method. Their structures have been established by single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction. In all cases, the X‐ray diffraction patterns can be successfully indexed based on hexagonal cells in the space group P63/mmc (no. 194) with lattice parameters in the range a = 4.31–4.73 Å and c = 7.9–8.55 Å. The average structure can be described in the ZrBeSi type (Pearson symbol hP6; 3 unique positions) with defects on the zinc site – structure refinements indicate that every second zinc position is vacant, i.e., their formula unit is AZn1–xPn with x = 0.5(A = Sr, Eu; Pn = P, As, Sb, Bi). No stoichiometry breadth was observed, which could imply that a super‐structure with a long‐range order of the zinc vacancies is plausible and evidence for such was sought using electron diffraction. The results from these experiments, as well as magnetic susceptibility measurements and band structure calculations using the LMTO code are also discussed.
Increased transvascular transport of WGA‐peroxidase after chronic perinatal stress in the hippocampal microvasculature of the rat
Authors: Gómez‐González Beatriz , Larios Horacio Merchant , Escobar Alfonso
Published: August 2011

Brain endothelial ultrastructural properties contribute to maintain proper blood–brain barrier (BBB) function. Several physiological and pathological conditions have been shown to alter BBB permeability to blood‐borne molecules, acute and chronic stress among them. In the rat, early life stress increased transvascular transport of Evans blue, however, the route of tracer extravasation is not fully known; therefore the aim of the present experiment was to describe the ultrastructural changes in endothelial cells subsequent to chronic perinatal stress in order to ascertain the route for transvascular transport of an electrodense tracer. Pregnant Wistar rats and their litters were used. Four pregnant rats were subjected to forced swimming between gestational days 10 to 20. After delivery, half of the control litters underwent 180 min maternal separation from postnatal day 2 to 20. Controls were kept free of any stress manipulation. At sacrifice between postnatal days 1 to 30 subjects were given intracardially the lectin wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (WGA‐HRP). WGA‐HRP stained hippocampi were processed for ultrastructural analysis, transmission electron micrographs were obtained and endothelial ultrastructural parameters quantified using the ImageJ software. Both stress procedures accelerated gross microvessel development by decreasing capillary wall thickness and endothelial microvilli. However, early‐life stress also neutralized endothelial glycocalyx, increased vesicle‐mediated transport and tended to promote the formation of secondary lysosomes containing endocytosed WGA‐HRP vesicles, all parameters of altered endothelial cell function. Tight junction development in both stress groups was similar to the control pups.
Jurassic to Early Cretaceous postaccretional sinistral transpression in north-central Chile (latitudes 31–32°S)
Authors: RING UWE , WILLNER ARNE P. , LAYER PAUL W. , RICHTER PETER P.
Published: August 2011

We describe the geometry and kinematics of a Jurassic to Early Cretaceous transpressive sinistral strike-slip system within a metamorphic basement inlier of the Mesozoic magmatic arc near Bahia Agua Dulce at latitudes 31–32°S in north-central Chile and discuss possible relations with the Atacama Fault System further north. Sinistral transpression overprints structures of an accretionary system that is represented by the metamorphic basement. Sub-vertical semi-ductile NNW-striking strike-slip shear zones are the most conspicuous structures. Chlorite and sericite grew, and white mica and quartz dynamically recrystallized, suggesting low-grade metamorphic conditions during semi-ductile deformation. Folds at the 10–100 metre scale developed before and during strike-slip shearing. The folds are deforming a former sub-horizontal transposition foliation that originated during prior accretion processes. The folds have axes sub-parallel to the strike-slip shear zones and sub-vertical axial surfaces indicating a component of shortening parallel to the shear-zone boundaries, suggesting an overall transpressive deformation regime. Transpressive strike-slip deformation also affects Middle Triassic (Anisian) basal breccias of the El Quereo Formation.40Ar–39Ar laser ablation ages of synkinematically recrystallized white mica in one of the shear zones provide an age of 174–165 Ma for the waning stages of semi-ductile strike-slip shearing. The semi-ductile shear zones are cut by mafic and rhyolite dykes. Two rhyolite dykes yield40Ar–39Ar ages of 160.5 ± 1.7 Ma and 131.9 ± 1.7 Ma, respectively. The latter dyke has been affected by brittle faulting. Fault-slip analysis shows that the kinematics of the faulting event is similar to the one of the semi-ductile shearing event, suggesting that sinistral transpression continued after ~130 Ma. Timing, kinematics and geographic position suggest that the shear zones at Bahia Agua Dulce represent a southern continuation of the prominent Atacama Fault System that affected the Jurassic/Early Cretaceous arc over its ~1400 km length.
A latent class approach to the external validation of respiratory and non-respiratory panic subtypes
Authors: Roberson-Nay R. , Latendresse S. J. , Kendler K. S.
Published: August 2011

Background

The phenotypic variance observed in panic disorder (PD) appears to be best captured by a respiratory and non-respiratory panic subtype. We compared respiratory and non-respiratory panic subtypes across a series of external validators (temporal stability, psychiatric co-morbidity, treatment response) to determine whether subtypes are best conceptualized as differing: (1) only on their symptom profiles with no other differences between them; (2) on a quantitative (i.e. severity) dimension only; or (3) qualitatively from one another.

Method

Data from a large epidemiological survey (National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions) and a clinical trial (Cross-National Collaborative Panic Study) were used. All analytic comparisons were examined within a latent class framework.

Results

High temporal stability of panic subtypes was observed, particularly among females. Respiratory panic was associated with greater odds of lifetime major depression and a range of anxiety disorders as well as increased treatment utilization, but no demographic differences. Treatment outcome data did not suggest that the two PD subtypes were associated with differential response to either imipramine or alprazolam.

Conclusions

These data suggest that respiratory and non-respiratory panic represent valid subtypes along the PD continuum, with the respiratory variant representing a more severe form of the disorder.
Response to an unsolicited intervention offer to persons aged ≥ 75 years after screening positive for depressive symptoms: a qualitative study
Authors: van der Weele Gerda M. , de Jong Roos , de Waal Margot W. M. , Spinhoven Philip , Rooze Herman A. H. , Reis Ria , Assendelft Willem J. J. , Gussekloo Jacobijn , van der Mast Roos C.
Published: August 2011

Background: Screening can increase detection of clinically relevant depressive symptoms, but screen-positive persons are not necessarily willing to accept a subsequent unsolicited treatment offer. Our objective was to explore limiting and motivating factors in accepting an offer to join a “coping with depression” course, and perceived needs among persons aged ≥75 years who screened positive for depressive symptoms in general practice.

Methods: In a randomized controlled trial, in which 101 persons who had screened positive for depressive symptoms were offered a “coping with depression” course, a sample of 23 persons were interviewed, of whom five (22%) accepted the treatment offer. Interview transcripts were coded independently by two researchers.

Results: All five individuals who accepted a place on the course felt depressed and/or lonely and had positive expectations about the course. The main reasons for declining to join the course were: not feeling depressed, or having negative thoughts about the course effect, concerns about group participation, or about being too old to change and learn new things. Although perceived needs to relieve depressive symptoms largely matched the elements of the course, most of those who had been screened were not (yet) prepared to accept an intervention offer. Many expressed the need to discuss this treatment decision with their general practitioner.

Conclusions: Although the unsolicited treatment offer closely matched the perceived needs of people screening positive for depressive symptoms, only those who combined feelings of being depressed or lonely with positive expectations about the offered course accepted it. Treatment should perhaps be more individually tailored to the patient's motivational stage towards change, a process in which general practitioners can play an important role.
Rasch analysis of the International Wellbeing Index in older adults
Authors: Forjaz Maria João , Ayala Alba , Rodriguez-Blazquez Carmen , Prieto-Flores Maria-Eugenia , Fernandez-Mayoralas Gloria , Rojo-Perez Fermina , Martinez-Martin Pablo
Published: August 2011

Background: The International Wellbeing Index is a measure of general quality of life formed by two scales: the Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI) and the National Wellbeing Index (NWI). This paper studies the psychometric properties of the PWI and NWI, using Rasch analysis and classic psychometric methods.

Methods: The PWI and NWI were applied to a representative sample of 1106 community-dwelling adults, aged 60 years and over, residing in Spain. Mean ± standard deviation age was 72.07 ± 7.83 years and 56.3% were women.

Results: Five PWI items (achieving in life, relationships, safety, community connectedness, and future security), and five NWI items (economic situation, state of environment, social conditions, business, and national security of the country) fitted the Rasch model. After adjusting the response scale format, satisfactory fit was obtained, with good reliability (person separation index of 0.91 for both the PSI and NWI), local independency of items, and strict unidimensionality. The measures showed adequate external construct validity with related measures.

Conclusions: The PWI and the NWI, with fewer items and simpler response scale formats, provided valid and reliable linear measures in older adults, according to Rasch and classic psychometric analyses.