bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clasificación de rutas turísticas por medio de deep learning
Authors: Gómez Alvarado Héctor Fernando , Mayorga Ases María José , Mayorga Ases Leticia Abigail , Malo Martínez Silvia Elena
Published: February 2022

Introducción. Actualmente el deep learning o aprendizaje profundo tiene aplicaciones de todo tipo, el turismo no es la excepción, la minería de datos ha permitido optimizar procesos dentro de la industria del turismo como la demanda turística, conocer la preferencia de rutas turísticas de las personas permite optimizar recursos y plantear mejoras dentro de este sector.  Objetivo. Determinar si se pueden clasificar rutas turísticas por medio de herramientas del deep learning o aprendizaje profundo. Metodología. El diseño de investigación fue cualitativo, se empleó técnicas como la entrevista, para ello se plantean dos hipótesis, la primera tiene que ver con la relación entre el tipo de clima del destino turístico y la preferencia de los turistas, la segunda hipótesis es la verificación de la conformación de clusters turísticos en base a la preferencia de las personas. Como herramientas de verificación se empleó la comprobación directa y el programa Weka con la opción de clusters SimpleKMeans que permite la identificación de las preferencias de los turistas en base a la minería de datos de 31 personas. Resultados. Los resultados indican que la mayor cantidad de personas entrevistadas prefieren destinos turísticos en climas calurosos, sin embargo, este no fue un parámetro determinante en la conformación de clusters. Conclusión. En el estudio se determinó que sí se puede formar clusters de clasificación de rutas turísticas en base a las preferencias de las personas.
Building up the English language listening skill through M-Learning tools. A preliminary study
Authors: Vera de la Torre Ana Jazmina , Mendoza Chavarria Valeria Carolina , Escalante Gamazo Marbella Cumanda , Cumbe Coraizaca Dorys Maribel
Published: February 2022

Introducción. El aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera requiere el manejo de ciertas habilidades y para lograrlo es necesario tomarse el tiempo, aplicar métodos y estrategias, y apreciar el proceso de aprendizaje significativo. Objetivo. El objetivo principal de esta investigación es evaluar las aplicaciones móviles Listening English y 6 Minute English en el desarrollo de la comprensión auditiva. Metodología. Esta investigación se desarrolló en la Unidad Educativa Prócer Manuel Quiroga en Santo Domingo, con 63 estudiantes en su tercer año de secundaria. Como primer paso, se realizó una encuesta entre profesores para identificar el problema. Resultados. Este trabajo utilizó investigación empírica con enfoques cualitativos y cuantitativos. Para recopilar información, se utilizó pruebas estandarizadas previas y posteriores a la prueba. Los estudiantes utilizaron la aplicación móvil durante dos meses. Se utilizó la prueba de Wilcoxon para analizar la información recopilada. Conclusión. Finalmente, los resultados mostraron que las aplicaciones móviles English Listening y 6 Minute English tuvieron un impacto positivo en el desarrollo de la comprensión auditiva. Su estructura, métodos y recursos resultaron muy atractivos para los estudiantes y han aprendido el idioma de forma eficaz. Estos factores hacen que los estudiantes y profesores se sientan cómodos y motivados para desarrollar sus habilidades auditivas.
La enseñanza virtual y la deserción escolar en la pandemia 2019
Authors: Hernández Dominguez Pablo Enrique , Sánchez Vaca Edgar Bladimir , Alarcón Chávez María José
Published: February 2022

Introducción: La presente investigación tuvo la finalidad de analizar la influencia de la enseñanza virtual en la deserción escolar de los estudiantes de Educación General Básica de la Unidad Educativa “Jerusalén” del Cantón Ambato. Objetivo. Analizar la influencia de la enseñanza virtual en la deserción escolar de los estudiantes de Educación General Básica de la Unidad Educativa “Jerusalén” del Cantón Ambato. Metodología. La metodología utilizada tuvo un enfoque culali-cuantitativo, se centró en un análisis de alcance exploratorio y descriptivo en la población seleccionada. Como técnica para la recolección de la información se utilizó la encuesta validada con un cuestionario de diez preguntas objetivas de opción múltiple con una población de 116 estudiantes. Después de la recopilación de datos, se probó la hipótesis planteada.  Resultado. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que un gran porcentaje de estudiantes abandonan los estudios por tener escasas herramientas tecnológicas. Esto ha provocado sentimientos de frustración, en estudiantes, docentes y padres de familia, dificultando también el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje. Conclusiones. Como conclusión se puede determinar que de un total de 116 estudiantes investigados tan solo 54 estudiantes poseen una red de internet para recibir clases virtuales en tanto que 62 estudiantes, no posee condiciones necesarias para recibir clases virtuales.
Estrategias de aprendizaje como una desigualdad educativa en el desempeño académico en tiempo de covid-19
Authors: Paucar Ojeda Helen Lizbeth , Alvarado Quinto Roberto Enrique , Aguilar Rodríguez Fredy , Andrade Alban Rodrigo
Published: February 2022

Las desigualdades educativas son el resultado de las diferencias sociales y económicas que se encuentran pasando las familias en tiempos de coronavirus, en la cual se puede palpitar que los estudiantes presentan varias carencias al no poseer todos los recursos necesarios para seguir aprendiendo mediante el uso de estrategias de aprendizajes que emplean y estas afectan directamente para que los estudiantes tengan un óptimo desempeño académico. Las metas académicas tienen una estrecha relación con el desempeño académico estas metas académicas pueden variar según su tipología, las metas de valoración social se puedo evidenciar en el grupo de los participantes que un porcentaje bajo ya que estos no les gusta realizar sus actividades académicas y si lo hacen es solo por buscar la aprobación de las demás personas y encajar en la sociedad de igual manera, las metas de aprendizaje tiene una influencia en cuanto a un mejor desempeño académico de los estudiantes obteniendo mayor habilidad en las materias de historia, lectura crítica y matemáticas.
Comparison of toxicities between Vibrio fluvialis and Vibrio furnissii strains isolated from environmental samples
Authors: Jainab Tahsina , Hasan Sayeema , Manchur Mohammed Abul , Yasmin Mahmuda , Nessa Jamalun , Ahsan Chowdhury Rafiqul
Published: February 2022

Gastrointestinal episodes associated with Vibrio species have been rising worldwide in the last few years. In this study, toxicities of two very well characterized V. fluvialis and V. furnissii strains, isolated from environmental samples, were used to investigate the comparative pathogenicity of these strains. The results showed that there is a positive relationship between toxin production as well as a high interspecies correlation. In the analysis of toxicity, both species showed positive results with close similarity in cell death on BHK-21 cell line and destruction of RBC, which were indicative of cytotoxic and hemolytic activity, respectively. Besides, molecular analysis showed the absence of ctx, tdh, trh, stx1 and stx2 genes. On the other hand, reduced fluid accumulation ratio in rabbit ileal loop assay and paralysis of hind legs of Swiss Albino mice were observed for V. furnissi strain, which indicates the differences in pathogenicity between the two species.

Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 38, Number 2, December 2021, pp 73-77
Management Difficulties of Patients Suffering from Dementia during Covid-19 Pandemic: Bangladesh Perspective
Authors: Hakim Maliha
Published: February 2022

Abstract not available

Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2021, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 90-91
Status of Anxiety Disorders among Elderly People in a Selected Urban Area in Bangladesh
Authors: Any Omma Hafsa , Moin Sharna , Akter Mahbuba , Afreen Khandakar Nadia , Mazumder Manas Kanti
Published: February 2022

Background: Anxiety disorders are reported in the different age group of people in the urban area.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to determine the level of anxiety disorder among urban elderly people.

Methodology: This cross-sectional community based study was carried out from January to December 2016 at Bakolia, Chawkbazar urban area of Chittagong, Bangladesh.The individuals who were aged 60 years and above were interviewed by using convenient sampling. Face to face interview was done with semi structural questionnaire.

Results: Out of 300 respondents female respondents were higher in number which was 168(56%) respondents; however, 71.7%, respondents were in 60 to 69 age groups. Majority of respondents did not have any income which was 72(60.0%) subjects. Most of the respondents were suffering from hypertension which was 198(66.0%) respondents. In urban areas 82(27.3%) subjects did not have anxiety disorder, while 133(44.3%) respondents had mild anxiety disorder, 63 (21.0%) respondents had moderate and 22 (7.3%) respondents had severe anxiety disorder. Furthermore, 192 (64.0%) respondents who were concerned about their finance had anxiety disorder. 160 (53.3%) were concerned about their health had anxiety disorder.

Conclusion: In conclusion majority urban dwelling elderly people are suffering from anxiety disorders.

Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2021, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 137-141
Diagnostic Validity of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Detection of Ependymoma among Bangladeshi Children
Authors: Haque Zerin , Alim Md Abdul , Ahmed Shaifur , Ahmed Rokshana , Rahman Meher Angez , Nahar Nazmun
Published: February 2022

Background: Detection of ependymoma is very essential for the management of the patients.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to validate as well as to find out the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) findings of ependymoma among paediatric patients.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out from January 2010 to June 2011 for a period of one year and six months in the Department of Radiology & Imaging at Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Pediatric Patients having clinically suspected brain tumours of ependymoma variant who were undergone MRI of brain were included in this study. The pediatric patients clinically suspected for brain tumor in posterior cranial fossa region with the suspicion of ependymoma having no contraindication for MRI was underwent MRI examination. The postoperative resected tissues were examined histopathological in the respective department. All the clinical profiles and demographic data were collected.

Result: This study included 33 patients with clinical features compatible with posterior fossa tumors. Out of all cases 4 cases were diagnosed as ependymoma in MRI and confirmed by histopathological evaluation. Out of 4 histologicaly proved cases, all cases were in ventricle. However, 2 cases were hypointense and 2 cases were isointense in TIWI and 3 cases were hyperintense in T2WI .3 cases are solid and 1 case was mixed. All cases had irregular margin and mass effect. All cases also had peri-lesional oedema. Marked enhancement was present in 3 cases. The sensitivity of MRI for the detection of ependymoma was 75.0% (95% CI 19.41% to 99.37%). However, the specificity of MRI was very high which was 96.5% (95% CI 82.24% to 99.91%). The positive predictive values and negative predictive value of MRI were 75.0% (95% CI 28.73% to 95.71%) and 96.5% (95% CI 83.66% to 99.35%) respectively. The accuracy was 93.9% (95% CI 79.77% to 99.26%).

Conclusion: In conclusion accuracy of MRI for the detection of ependymoma is very high.

Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2021, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 147-151
Der osteuropäische Arbeitsschlitten bei den Ostseefinnen
Authors: Hagar Helmut
Published: February 2022

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LANGUAGE DISORDER EXPERIENCED BY A MAN WITH ASD AS A LEADER OF CONSERVATION ORGANIZATION
Authors: Lubis Khairunnisya , Rangkuti Rahmadsyah
Published: February 2022

This paper aims to identify the different types of language disorders that a man with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), especially Asperger Syndrome (AS), can experience. The information was in the form of phonemes, words, phrases, clauses, and sentences that he used in his everyday utterances as the leader of a local conservation group. The objective of this research is to classify different types of pragmatic impairment in AS characters and to clarify the pragmatic impairment that AS individuals face in his everyday life which conclude unresponsive, unbalanced, mismatched, lack of control and lack of playfulness based on the research problems. Academically, this analysis is intended to make substantial contributions to the fields of psycholinguistics and pragmatics. It's relevant to the psycholinguistics perspective because it's about the disability. It is a practical guide that professionals, lecturers, students, physicians, language pathologists, therapists, and readers from a variety of fields can use.
KLASİK ARAP ŞİİRİNDE ZAMAN OLGUSU VE KÖKENİ
Authors: AYYILDIZ Esat
Published: February 2022

Zaman olgusu, klasik Arap şiirinde en sık rastlanan motiflerden biridir. Bu çalışmada, kadim Arap şiirindeki zaman mefhumu, çeşitli yönleriyle tetkik edilmiştir. Birinci bölümde, kadim Arap kültüründeki zaman algısının kökeni araştırılmış ve bu hususta sadece üç teori olabileceği bulgulanmıştır. İkinci bölümde, eski Arapların zaman mefhumunu kader yahut uluhiyetle nasıl ilişkilendirdikleri konu edilmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde, klasik Arap şiirinde “zaman” manasında kullanılan yaygın kelimeler, etimolojik açıdan bilimsel bir metotla araştırılmış ve bunlar hakkında bazı mühim bilgiler verilmiştir. Dördüncü bölümde, klasik Arap şiirinde zaman olgusunun nasıl ele alınmış olduğu araştırılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, kadim Arap şairlerinin genellikle zamanı kötücül kavramlarla ilişkilendirdikleri bulgulanmıştır. Ayrıca bu bölümde, insanın kadim şiirlerde zamanın karşısında nasıl konumlandırıldığı mütalaa edilmiştir. Son olarak şairlerin zamanın tabiatı hakkındaki düşünceleri tetkik edilmiştir.
Nanomaterials and Rare Earths Used To Evaluate the Photocatalytic Degradation of a Dye, with Potential Use in Decontaminating Water Bodies
Authors: Felix Antonio Naranjo-Castañeda , Laura Nadxieli Palacios-Grijalva , Anatolio Martínez-Jiménez , Blanca Estela Chávez-Sandoval
Published: February 2022

In this work, nanomaterials and rare earths were obtained with application in the degradation of dyes since in the developing countries the decontamination of water bodies is essential. We used TiO2 for incorporation of rare earths applied to photocatalytic activity in degradation of methyl blue due to its high chemical stability and corrosion resistance. We obtain nanostructured materials of TiO2, TiO2: Ln3+ (Ln3+ = Sm3+, Gd3+ and Yb3+) by sol gel method, for decontamination of dye such as methylene blue in surface water bodies. Through x-ray diffraction, we found that anatase-rutile phase was achieved in TiO2 and tetragonal anatase phase in TiO2 : Ln3+. Size average in nanometres of 31, 37, 44 y 34 for TiO2, TiO2 : Sm3+, TiO2: Gd3+ and TiO2:Yb3+ respectively determinate by atomic force microscopy and by UV spectroscopy the energy gap (2.94, 2.87, 2.85 and 2.95) eV respectively. As for the degradation of the methylene blue dye, the best catalyst under UV radiation was TiO2 : Gd3+ with 54% degradation compared to TiO2 that presented 52%, 29% for TiO2 : Sm3+ and with 27% to TiO2 : Yb3+ determined by fluorimetry. These materials must be applied in industrial post-treatment processes using photo catalysis for the decontamination of bodies of water.
School Feeding and the Challenge of Supporting Nutritional Needs of Pupils in Ghana
Authors: Kwofi Mabel Kyei
Published: February 2022

The Ghana free school feeding program was implemented to diminish short-term hunger and malnutrition among elementary school children, to increase school enrolment, attendance, and retention in primary schools and to boost domestic food production through patronizing local agricultural food production by small-scale farmers. This research sought to examine the nutritional diversity of the school-served meals and their ability to support the nutritional needs of the pupils. The research study was carried out at the New Juaben Municipality, Koforidua, Ghana. Four deprived elementary schools enrolled in the school feeding program in the New Juaben North District in Ghana were selected; the population consisted of pupils who were between the ages of 6 to 15 years. The survey data were collected through interviews and personal observations. The data on the nutritional diversity of foods were determined through the menu and food ingredients used in each meal preparation, these were compared with the standard nutritional composition. To evaluate the established objectives on pupils’ nutrition support from the school feeding program, tables were designed, with individual menus from each school, food groups, and the assessment of nutrients comprised in each local food item. The study outcome revealed the school’s cyclical menus had selected foods stuff that comprised of all the nutrients needed for a healthy life to support school children’s nutritional needs.
Traffic safety climate factors in explaining driving behaviours and traffic crash involvement: comparative study among male and female drivers
Authors: Atombo Charles , Wu Chaozhong
Published: February 2022

The study examined the explanatory power of Traffic Safety Climate factors in driving behaviours and the probability of traffic crash involvement among male and female drivers in China, taking into consideration different clusters of age. A total of 887 license drivers aged between 24 and 64 completed Chinese version of traffic climate scale, driving behaviours scale, and crash involvement. Multivariate regression analyses were conducted. The result established that male driver’s, reported high emotional engagement, driving violations and traffic crashes than female drivers. Perceived external affective demand (EAD) was more likely to be related to aberrant driving behaviours (ADB), but less likely to be related to positive driving behaviour (PDB) with young and middle-aged male drivers more affected. Perceived EAD was less likely to be associated with ADB and traffic crash involvement of female older drivers. The perceived internal requirement was positively related to PDB, but negatively related to ADB for both sexes with young females expressing high PDB and low probability of traffic crash involvement than male drivers. Perceived traffic system functionality (FUN) was negatively related to ADB, but positively related to PDB for both sexes with male drivers in all age brackets expressing more PDB. As a remedial measure, traffic authorities have to direct their attention towards the modification of traffic infrastructure designs.
Architecture of Consumption: Shopping Centres in Soviet Lithuania from the 1960s to 1980
Authors: Tranavičiūtė Brigita
Published: February 2022

The construction of Soviet shopping centres that started in the 1960s marked a new stage in the consumption possibilities of Soviet society with the environments of consumption playing an important role. The main objective of this article is stated as follows: to analyse, following the LSSR (Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic) case, what the idea of Soviet shopping centres and its realization in the LSSR was and to ascertain how the Soviet authorities used the shopping centres for the development of consumption in Soviet society employing the advertising of shopping centres and the contraposition between socialism and capitalism. To achieve the research objective, the main method used was to analyse the published and unpublished sources that reflect the process of the appearance of Soviet shopping centres. The research demonstrates that the idea of Soviet shopping centres was not an original product of the Soviet system. Some aspects of their construction and composition were copied and there were attempts to implement them using Western practices.
Can Prenatal Methamphetamine Exposure be Considered a Good Animal Model for ADHD?
Authors: OCHOZKOVÁ A , MIHALČÍKOVÁ L , YAMAMOTOVÁ A , ŠLAMBEROVÁ R
Published: February 2022

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a mental disorder with a heterogeneous origin with a global incidence that continues to grow. Its causes and pathophysiological mechanisms are not fully understood. It includes a combination of persistent symptoms such as difficulty in concentration, hyperactivity and impulsive behavior. Maternal methamphetamine (MA) abuse is a serious problem worldwide, it can lead to behavioral changes in their offspring that have similarities with behavioral changes seen in children with ADHD. There are several types of ADHD animal models, e.g. genetic models, pharmacologically, chemically and exogenously induced models. One of the exogenously induced ADHD models is the hypoxia-induced model. Our studies, as well as those of others, have demonstrated that maternal MA exposure can lead to abnormalities in the placenta and umbilical cord that result in prenatal hypoxia as well as fetal malnutrition that can result in irreversible changes to experimental animals. Therefore, the aim the present study was to compare the cognitive impairments in MA exposure model with those in established model of ADHD – prenatal hypoxia model, to test whether MA exposure is a valid model of ADHD. Pregnant Wistar rats were divided into four groups based on their gestational exposure to MA: (1) daily subcutaneous injections of MA (5 mg/kg), (2) saline injections at the same time and volume, (3) daily 1-hr hypoxia (10 % O2), and (4) no gestational exposure (controls). Male rat offspring were tested for short-term memory in the Novel Object Recognition Test and the Object Location Test between postnatal days 35 and 40. Also their locomotor activity in both tests was measured. Based on the present results, it seems that prenatal MA exposure is not the best animal model for ADHD since it shows corresponding symptoms only in certain measures. Given our previous results supporting our hypothesis, more experiments are needed to further test possible use of prenatal MA exposure as an animal model of the ADHD.
TRADITIONAL AND INFORMATIONAL- ENERGETIC MEDICINE: TWO COMPLEMENTARY SYSTEMS OF KNOWLEDGE TO GUARD HUMAN HEALTH
Authors:   National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine, Krutov V. V.
Published: February 2022

Keywords: human, health, longevity, body, soul, science, quantum physics, traditional medicine, alternative medicine, informationаl-energetic medicine, quantum medicine. The article deals with the question of the sacred nature of information and energy medicine and its key role in the acquisition by humanity of a truly effective art of healthing and preventing ailments of any nature. The specificity of the situation is that, with all the colossal progress of scientific knowledge and the high level of popularization of its achievements, in the environment of modern civilization there is no understanding of the need to combine traditional medicine, in essence based on the classic alpicture of the Universe and the corresponding concept of Human, with the medicine of a newer a based on quantum concepts of the structure of matter and the concept of Humanas a synthesis of material (physical body) and informational-energetic (Spirit and soul) components. The synthes is of these systems of medical knowledge through their countermovement and organics plicing, ass hown in the work, is the only way by which the planetary society will receive a perfect to olforensuring its health.
ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF CORNFLOWER BLUE RAW MATERIALS
Authors:   Odessa National Medical University, Pietkova I. B. , Unhurian L. M. ,   Odessa National Medical University, Horiacha L. M. ,   National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Zhuravel I.O. ,   National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Kyslychenko V. S. ,   National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv
Published: February 2022

Keywords: cornflower blue, elemental composition, atomic emission spectrometry. The atomic emission spectrometry was used to study the elemental composition of blue cornflower herb and flowers. As a result, the content of 19 elements was determined. The content of heavy metals met the requirements of State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine for medicinal plant materials.
Language and Humor in The Big Bang Theory
Authors: Pramita Agry
Published: February 2022

This research describes the style of language and humor in the American TV series entitled The Big Bang Theory. This action aims to analyze how the role and tendency of language style in dialogue builds a story so that it can hypnotize many viewers. Through these problems, this simple research presents an analysis from the point of view of textual analysis on how the ability of a work to position itself in an arena of popular fiction, and how the work, consciously or unconsciously, shapes anyone who enjoys the work.
Ethical Values of Online Islamic Education Based on the Perspective of KH. Hasyim Asy’ari
Authors: Rosyidin Muhammad Abror
Published: February 2022

This study aims to explain the reality of the teaching of Islamic education (PAI) through the online system during the coronavirus pandemic that affects ethical values from the point of view of the book of Adab al-'Alim wa al-Muta'allim by KH. M. Hasyim Asy'ari. There are four focuses in this article: (1) the concept of Islamic education (PAI), (2) the problems of PAI learning through an online system, (3) the ethical values ​​of PAI learning from the perspective of the book of Adab al-Alim wa al-Muta'allim and (4) analysis of the ethical values ​​of PAI learning through an online system based on the perspective of the book of Adab al-Alim wa al-Muta'allim. This article is based on library research. In collecting the data, the authors use the method of documentation and recording. To analyze the data, the author uses content and descriptive analysis. In this article, the author argues that according to the book of Adab al-Alim wa al-Muta'allim, online learning cannot meet the ethical standards ​​that should be obtained through face-to-face learning. In order to address this issue, there are some recommendations: (1) at the beginning of the online lesson; the teacher can start by reading the Quran, reciting dhikr, or repeating the memorization of short verses of the Quran, or hadiths, (2) the amount and the pace of the lesson must be adjusted, (3) If it is necessary, additional learning can be provided, by a home visit with the application of strict health protocols of Covid-19.
Matrix of Spiritual Values of Works in Honor of the Hero (to the 800th Anniversary of the birth of Alexander Nevsky)
Authors:   Far Eastern Federal University, Alekseeva Galina V.
Published: February 2022

The article offers a culturological analysis of the substantive basis of some of the most important works created in honor of Alexander Nevsky. The matrix of the spiritual values of the Russian people, read in them by the author, makes it possible to consciously rely on the cultural heritage in honor of one of the heroes of Russian history. Formed by means of an intuitive creative impulse by different masters, the objective laws of the creative process underpin the basic civilizational Russian values: honor, conscience, justice. The purpose of the article: to identify the artistic means that contribute to the transmission of these values. The object of research is works of fine art, znamenny chants, samples of literary and compositional activity. The author did not set himself the task of including the entire historiography of the artistic embodiment of the image of Alexander Nevsky, but merely tried to emphasize one of the possible patterns of preserving the cultural memory about the hero through those works in which the masters manage to inherit the matrix of spiritual Russian values.
The Art of Music in the 20th Century (Based on the Material of Choral Music)
Authors:   Saratov State L.V. Sobinov Conservatoire, Demchenko Alexander I.
Published: February 2022

The lectures on 20th century Russian music published in previous issues of our magazine were devoted to the work of such outstanding composers as Sergei Rachmaninoff, Igor Stravinsky, Sergei Prokofiev, Nikolai Myaskovsky, Dmitri Shostakovich, Georgy Sviridov, Rodion Shchedrin and Alfred Schnittke. In the last of the published lectures brief sketches on the music of Sergei Slonimsky, Valery Gavrilin and Elena Gokhman were presented. Completing this cycle of lectures, we shall give a general overview of the art of music of the previous century, which is examined on the basis of choral music and in the successive evolutionary movement of three periods. The beginning of the 20th century (the period between the 1890s and the 1920s) was a time of both gradual and abrupt transition from classics to modernity. During these decades the classical arts went through a period of gradual fading. Modern art asserted itself in all sorts of forms of pivotal renewal of all aesthetic and technical foundations, which received its extreme expression in the phenomenon of avant-garde art. The middle of the century (from the 1930s to the 1950s) was in no small measure opposed to the attitudes of the beginning of the century. In this time period it was dominated by a desire for orderliness and balance, for clarity and intelligibility, to the extent that this was possible in the highly contradictory reality of the 20th century, which was accompanied by a clearing and enlightenment of the musical style, as well as a return to tradition. In turn, the second half of the century (from the 1960s to the 1980s) in many respects opposed itself to the previous period with the processes of rapid modernization of composers’ thinking, intense artistic exploration and unrestrained experimentation, which resulted in an extremely representative movement, which began to be called the second avant-garde (in contrast from the first or early avant-garde which emerged at the beginning of the century). A radical renewal of artistic matter found itself in the mass of all kinds of inventions and sound techniques.
Dynamic Thiol / Disulfide Homeostasis a Promising New Marker in the Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis in Children
Authors: MİRAPOĞLU Semih , GÜLER Eray Metin , BEKTAY Muhammed Yunus , KOÇYİĞİT Abdurrahim , İZZETTİN Fikret
Published: February 2022

Objectives: One of the most common emergency surgery in pediatric surgery is due to acute appendicitis (AA). The diagnosis of AA is usuallymade using with the clinical score using clinical signs, symptoms, and laboratory tests. But symptoms and signs are not always typical, andthis situation put clinician in a compelling situation. The range of misdiagnosis of AA is between 28-57 % between 2-12 years old children.Thiol/ Disulphide homeostasis is an important indicator of oxidative stress and inflammation. This study is aimed to evaluate and compare thefeasibility of thiol/disulphide levels in pediatric patients with AA and abdominal pain (AP).Methods: In this case-control study three different group established with 25 healthy participants (NCG), 25 patients with abdominal pain(PCG), and 25 with AA (AAG). Demographics, white blood cell count, neutrophil-lymphocyte counts, hemoglobin, platelet, mean plateletvolume, C-reactive protein, total thiol (TT), native thiol, (NT) and disulphide (DS) levels measure through blood samples.Results: According to our result, the level of NT were significantly lower in AAG when compared with NCG and PCG (p<0.001). DS levels weresignificantly higher in AAG than in NCG (p<0.001). CRP levels were significantly higher in both PCG and AAG than those of NCG p<0.001).Conclusion: Thiol/disulphide homeostasis is a valuable method to examine acute appendicitis in the pediatric patients. Fluctuations of thiol/disulphide homeostasis could be used as a marker in daily clinical practice for diagnosis of appendicitis.
Learning through collaboration between vocational teacher training institutions and workplaces: Barriers and contradictions
Authors: Arinaitwe Dinavence , Mifsud Louise , Kato Habib , Sannerud Arne Ronny
Published: February 2022

In vocational education and training, the acquisition of relevant skills by learners is vital for their employability. It has been argued that institution–workplace collaboration facilitates this acquisition of relevant skills through availing authentic real-life learning situations. This study used the cultural–historical activity theory to identify and characterise challenges to learning through collaboration between a masters of vocational pedagogy (MVP) programme, vocational teacher training institutions and workplaces in Uganda. Data were obtained using in-depth individual interviews with purposively sampled actors in collaborative activities. The findings revealed that challenges manifesting as discursive contradictions occurred in different phases of implementing collaborative activities. In the planning and implementation phase, contradictions were linked to short time frames for collaborative activities, unsynchronised activity plans and contradictory working cultures. In the supervision of learning, contradictions arose from a lack of a common understanding of the objectives and work methods of the collaborative activities. A lack of feedback to actors, an absence of a collaboration focal person, and a lack of government policy limited participation in collaborative activities. These challenges were observed to lessen the focus on the MVP students’ learning, which ultimately affected the quality of work produced and interfered with the implementation of collaborative activities.
Inwardly Rectifying Potassium Channel Kir2.1 and its “Kir-ious” Regulation by Protein Trafficking and Roles in Development and Disease
Authors: Hager Natalie A. , McAtee Ceara K. , Lesko Mitchell A. , O’Donnell Allyson F.
Published: February 2022

Potassium (K+) homeostasis is tightly regulated for optimal cell and organismal health. Failure to control potassium balance results in disease, including cardiac arrythmias and developmental disorders. A family of inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channels helps cells maintain K+ levels. Encoded by KCNJ genes, Kir channels are comprised of a tetramer of Kir subunits, each of which contains two-transmembrane domains. The assembled Kir channel generates an ion selectivity filter for K+ at the monomer interface, which allows for K+ transit. Kir channels are found in many cell types and influence K+ homeostasis across the organism, impacting muscle, nerve and immune function. Kir2.1 is one of the best studied family members with well-defined roles in regulating heart rhythm, muscle contraction and bone development. Due to their expansive roles, it is not surprising that Kir mutations lead to disease, including cardiomyopathies, and neurological and metabolic disorders. Kir malfunction is linked to developmental defects, including underdeveloped skeletal systems and cerebellar abnormalities. Mutations in Kir2.1 cause the periodic paralysis, cardiac arrythmia, and developmental deficits associated with Andersen-Tawil Syndrome. Here we review the roles of Kir family member Kir2.1 in maintaining K+ balance with a specific focus on our understanding of Kir2.1 channel trafficking and emerging roles in development and disease. We provide a synopsis of the vital work focused on understanding the trafficking of Kir2.1 and its role in development.
Coming Together of Bayesian Inference and Skew Spherical Data
Authors: Nakhaei Rad Najmeh , Bekker Andriette , Arashi Mohammad , Ley Christophe
Published: February 2022

This paper presents Bayesian directional data modeling via the skew-rotationally-symmetric Fisher-von Mises-Langevin (FvML) distribution. The prior distributions for the parameters are a pivotal building block in Bayesian analysis, therefore, the impact of the proposed priors will be quantified using the Wasserstein Impact Measure (WIM) to guide the practitioner in the implementation process. For the computation of the posterior, modifications of Gibbs and slice samplings are applied for generating samples. We demonstrate the applicability of our contribution via synthetic and real data analyses. Our investigation paves the way for Bayesian analysis of skew circular and spherical data.
Gated Recurrent Unit Coupled with Projection to Model Plane Imputation for the PM2.5 Prediction for Guangzhou City, China
Authors: Saif-ul-Allah Muhammad Waqas , Qyyum Muhammad Abdul , Ul-Haq Noaman , Salman Chaudhary Awais , Ahmed Faisal
Published: February 2022

Air pollution is generating serious health issues as well as threats to our natural ecosystem. Accurate prediction of PM2.5 can help taking preventive measures for reducing air pollution. The periodic pattern of PM2.5 can be modeled with recurrent neural networks to predict air quality. To the best of the author’s knowledge, very limited work has been conducted on the coupling of missing value imputation methods with gated recurrent unit (GRU) for the prediction of PM2.5 concentration of Guangzhou City, China. This paper proposes the combination of project to model plane (PMP) with GRU for the superior prediction performance of PM2.5 concentration of Guangzhou City, China. Initially, outperforming the missing value imputation method PMP is proposed for air quality data under consideration by making a comparison study on various methods such as KDR, TSR, IA, NIPALS, DA, and PMP. Secondly, it presents GRU in combination with PMP to show its superiority on other machine learning techniques such as LSSVM and two other RNN variants, LSTM and Bi-LSTM. For this study, data for Guangzhou City were collected from China’s governmental air quality website. Data contained daily values of PM2.5, PM10, O3, SOx, NOx, and CO. This study has employed RMSE, MAPE, and MEDAE as model prediction performance criteria. Comparison of prediction performance criteria on the test data showed GRU in combination with PMP has outperformed the LSSVM and other RNN variants LSTM and Bi-LSTM for Guangzhou City, China. In comparison with prediction performance of LSSVM, GRU improved the prediction performance on test data by 40.9% RMSE, 48.5% MAPE, and 50.4% MEDAE.
Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on the Growth of Malus hupehensis Rehd. Seedlings
Authors: Pan Lianhui , Zhao Lei , Jiang Weitao , Wang Mei , Chen Xuesen , Shen Xiang , Yin Chengmiao , Mao Zhiquan
Published: February 2022

Apple replant disease (ARD) is a common disease in apple producing areas, and more and more evidence shows that soil-borne pathogens are the main factor. However, most of the drugs used to kill microorganisms are not friendly to the environment. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify a method that can effectively eliminate these harmful microorganisms and to construct a microbial community structure that is conducive to plant growth in the soil. Herein, we use four different application technologies: foliar spraying, foliar soaking, root soaking, and soil soaking, to examine the inhibitory effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on ARD. This study found that they all promoted the growth of Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings, and the plant height was 1.09 times, 1.15 times, 1.26 times, and 1.36 times higher that of the control, respectively. Soil soaking had the best promotion effect, and the changes in the soil microbial community structure after root soaking were analyzed. After treatment with ZnO-NPs, the abundances of Neocosmospora, Gibberella, and Fusarium were reduced, whereas the abundances of Tausonia, Chaetomium, and Mrakia were increased. The copy numbers of Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum were 55.7 and 68.9% lower in the ZnO-NPs treatment group than those in the control group, respectively. This study found that after ZnO-NPs were applied to the soil, a new microbial community structure that was conducive to plant growth was formed to overcome ARD. In summary, ZnO-NPs, as a green chemical reagent, can overcome ARD, and it can also be applied to other continuous crops.
Warming Causes Atypical Phenology in a Univoltine Moth With Differentially Sensitive Larval Stages
Authors: Poitou Laura , Laparie Mathieu , Pincebourde Sylvain , Rousselet Jérôme , Suppo Christelle , Robinet Christelle
Published: February 2022

Climate change profoundly alters the phenology of insects, yet the mechanisms at play remain particularly elusive for univoltine species. Those species typically have to deal with contrasting thermal conditions across their development and life stages occurring at different seasons may have different thermal sensitivity. A modeling framework taking into account stage-specific thermal biology is lacking to predict the effect of climate change on the phenology of such species. Insect development rate scales non-linearly with temperature. This can be described with a thermal performance curve within each developmental stage, enabling higher accuracy near developmental thresholds than linear degree-day models. This approach, however, requires ample data to be correctly estimated. We developed a phenological model based on stage-specific performance curves to predict the phenology of a univoltine species undergoing uninterrupted larval development from summer to next spring, the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa). This gregarious species is an important pine defoliator and is known to readily respond to climate change with a consistent and sustained range expansion/shift since the 1990s, as winter warming facilitates its survival in previously unsuitable areas. First, we determined the thermal performance curve of development rate for each stage from the egg to the fourth larval instar by monitoring molting in larval colonies exposed to fluctuating thermal treatments in controlled conditions. Second, we developed a phenology model to simulate the cumulated development rate across successive life stages, using observation data of adult flights and daily mean temperatures as input variables. A good fit was found between predictions and observations. Finally, the model was used to explore phenological consequences of hypothetical climate variations. With a simulated increase of temperature by 3°C, the model successfully predicted atypical ends of larval development before winter, which are being observed in nature in some regions or during years with autumnal heatwaves. With a simulated heatwave, carry-over effect on life stages development were predicted. On this winter-active species, we illustrate how variations in development rate caused by climate variations in early development can feedback into subsequent stages typically developing slowly in the cold season.
Roburic Acid Targets TNF to Inhibit the NF-κB Signaling Pathway and Suppress Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Growth
Authors: Xu Huanhuan , Liu Titi , Li Jin , Chen Fei , Xu Jing , Hu Lihong , Jiang Li , Xiang Zemin , Wang Xuanjun , Sheng Jun
Published: February 2022

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-stimulated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling plays very crucial roles in cancer development and progression, and represents a potential target for drug discovery. Roburic acid is a newly discovered tetracyclic triterpene acid isolated from oak galls and exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. However, whether roburic acid exerts antitumor effects through inhibition of TNF-induced NF-κB signaling remains unknown. Here, we demonstrated that roburic acid bound directly to TNF with high affinity (KD = 7.066 μM), blocked the interaction between TNF and its receptor (TNF-R1), and significantly inhibited TNF-induced NF-κB activation. Roburic acid exhibited antitumor activity in numerous cancer cells and could effectively induce G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. Importantly, roburic acid inhibited the TNF-induced phosphorylation of IKKα/β, IκBα, and p65, degradation of IκBα, nuclear translocation of p65, and NF-κB-target gene expression, including that of XIAP, Mcl-1, and Survivin, in colorectal cancer cells. Moreover, roburic acid suppressed tumor growth by blocking NF-κB signaling in a xenograft nude mouse model of colorectal cancer. Taken together, our findings showed that roburic acid directly binds to TNF with high affinity, thereby disrupting its interaction with TNF-R1 and leading to the inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway, both in vitro and in vivo. The results indicated that roburic acid is a novel TNF-targeting therapeutics agent in colorectal cancer as well as other cancer types.
Study of Allosteric Transitions of Human P-Glycoprotein by Using the Two-State Anisotropic Network Model
Authors: Li Hongwu , Gong Weikang
Published: February 2022

Human P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a kind of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. Once human P-gp is overexpressed in tumor cells, which can lead to tumor multidrug resistance (MDR). However, the present experimental methods are difficult to obtain the large-scale conformational transition process of human P-gp. In this work, we explored the allosteric pathway of human P-gp from the inward-facing (IF) to the outward-facing (OF) state in the substrate transport process with the two-state anisotropic network model (tANM). These results suggest that the allosteric transitions proceed in a coupled way. The conformational changes of nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs) finally make the transmembrane domains (TMDs) to the OF state via the role of the allosteric propagation of the intracellular helices IH1 and IH2. Additionally, this allosteric pathway is advantageous in energy compared with other methods. This study reveals the conformational transition of P-gp, which contributes to an understanding of the allosteric mechanism of ABC exporters.
Hippocampus-Based Mitochondrial Respiratory Function Decline Is Responsible for Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders
Authors: He Keqiang , Zhang Juan , Zhang Wei , Wang Sheng , Li Dingfeng , Ma Xiaolin , Wu Xiaofan , Chai Xiaoqing , Liu Qiang
Published: February 2022

Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) are a type of cognitive dysfunction occurring with a higher incidence in elderly patients. However, the pathological mechanism of PND and effective treatment remain elusive. We generated a PND mouse model by providing wild-type mice with surgical trauma; in our case, we used tibial fracture to investigate PND pathology. Mice aged 7–8 months were randomly divided into two groups: the surgery (tibial fracture) group and the control (sham) group. All mice were subjected to anesthesia. We examined the transcriptome-wide response in the hippocampus, a brain region that is tightly associated with memory formation, of control mice and mice subjected to surgical trauma at day 1 and day 3 after the surgical procedure. We observed reduced transcript levels of respiratory complex components as early as day 1 after surgery, and subsequent protein changes were found at day 3 after surgical trauma. Consequently, the activities of respiratory complexes were reduced, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production was decreased in the hippocampus of mice with surgical operations, supporting that respiratory chain function was impaired. In support of these conclusions, the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) levels were decreased, and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were significantly increased. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that surgery induced a significant increase in cytokine IL-1β levels at day 1 after surgery, which concomitantly occurred with transcript changes in respiratory complex components. We further uncovered that transcription factors PGC-1α and NRF-1 were responsible for the observed transcript changes in mitochondrial complex components. Importantly, HT22 cells treated with the cytokine IL-1β resulted in similar reductions in PGC-1α and NRF-1, leading to a reduction of both the transcript and protein levels of respiratory complex subunits. Consequently, respiratory function was impaired in HT22 cells treated with IL-1β. Taken together, we demonstrated that reductions in respiratory complex components and subsequent impairment in mitochondrial functions serve as a novel mechanism for PND pathology, providing a potential therapeutic target for PND treatment.