bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining the role of metadiscourse in collaborative knowledge building community
Authors: Chai Shaoming , Oon Emily Pey-Tee , Chai Yuan , Li Zuokun
Published: August 2023

Purpose

Metadiscourse is an important dialogue technique used in productive knowledge building to help a group evaluate and advance their knowledge progress. Previous studies have identified and defined various types of metadiscourse. However, there is scant knowledge about how different metadiscourse types emerge among different groups or what implicit correlations lie between progressive discourse and metadiscourse. Moreover, research on how different types of metadiscourse influence groups' knowledge advancement and artifacts is still inadequate. Therefore, this study aims to further examine the roles that different types of metadiscourse play in the collaborative knowledge building community on both a fine-grained (i.e. progressive discourse) and coarse-grained (i.e. group knowledge advancement and group artifacts) level.

Design/methodology/approach

Data for this study are drawn from the behaviour of undergraduate students participating in a 12-week course at a key university in China. On the fine-grained level, epistemic network analysis (ENA) is applied to illustrate how metadiscourse promotes the development of progressive discourse. On the coarse-grained level, two different chi-square tests are conducted to examine the roles of different types of metadiscourse in groups' knowledge advancement and artifacts.

Findings

The analysis allowed several conclusions to be drawn. First, the types of metadiscourse that students most often adopted were reflecting on ideas development (RD) and commenting on ideas (CI); they less frequently adopted setting group goals (SG) and making group plans (MP). Second, most types of metadiscourse correlated with developments in progressive discourse, particularly RD and CI. Third, the metadiscourse types RD, CI and coordinating group efforts (CE) played essential roles in knowledge advancement. Fourth, higher-quality artifacts could be created by using the metadiscourse type reviewing the state of knowledge building progress (RP).

Originality/value

A more profound comprehension of the role that metadiscourse plays in the collaborative knowledge building community not only contributes to the literature in the knowledge building field but also carries a significant meaning in regulating community, promoting learner agency and sustained knowledge, and consequently improving collaborative learning performance.
Housing prices and green innovation: evidence from Chinese enterprises
Authors: Fang Xing , Lv Yali
Published: August 2023

Purpose

Promoting enterprises' green innovation is vital to realize the sustainable growth of cities and environmental protection and the rise of urban housing prices might affect the green innovation of enterprises to a certain extent. This study aims to discuss the aforementioned objective.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the data of listed companies and urban housing prices of main cities in China from 2011 to 2019, this paper examines the impact of housing prices on enterprises' green innovation and analyzes the mechanism of rising housing prices on enterprises' green innovation.

Findings

The rise of urban housing prices can significantly promote the quality of green innovation of enterprises, but it has no significant impact on the quantity of green innovation. The heterogeneity test results show that the rising house prices have a more significant role in promoting the green innovation of non-state-owned enterprises, enterprises listed on the main board, enterprises in the central and western regions, and enterprises in non-first-tier cities. The mechanism research finds that the rise of urban housing prices has a financing relief effect and cost-pushing effect on the green innovation of enterprises.

Originality/value

Firstly, it thoroughly examines the influence of housing prices on corporate green innovation. Second, it explores the differential impact of housing prices on enterprises' green innovation based on variations among enterprises and regions, offering valuable insights for the government to formulate proper policy. Lastly, it elucidates the influencing mechanism of housing prices on enterprise green innovation from the perspectives of corporate financing and costs, providing empirical support for enterprises to appropriately perceive the opportunities and challenges posed by rising housing prices and actively promote green innovation.
Money troubles and problems ahead? The financial health of professional women's football clubs in England
Authors: Clarkson Beth G. , Plumley Daniel , Philippou Christina , Wilson Rob , Webb Tom
Published: August 2023

Purpose

Despite multiple structural changes since its 2011 inception, many English Women's Super League (WSL) clubs have recorded losses and carried debt, leading to concerns about the financial health of the league. This study is the first to analyse the financial health of any professional women's sports league in the world. The authors examine WSL club finances between 2011 and 2019, theoretically situate the findings within joint production, and make policy recommendations.

Design/methodology/approach

In total, 73 annual accounts of 14 WSL clubs between 2011 and 2019 were scrutinised.

Findings

Since 2011, club revenue has increased 590% but is outstripped by club debt increase (1,351%). The authors find poor financial health throughout the league, which may damage both its and the clubs' future growth. Findings also indicate an emergent group of dominant clubs on and off the pitch, which may threaten long-term sporting integrity and disrupt the joint production of the WSL product.

Practical implications

Women's football exists at an important crossroad, and its next moves need careful consideration in relation to its governance structures and league design.

Originality/value

The authors provide a road map for necessary action (e.g. revenue distribution, licensing criteria, rewards) to protect the financial health of the WSL's clubs and promote sporting competition to assist the sport to capitalise further on positive gains in recent years.
Constructing and using an experimental space for resolving crisis: A case study of a chemical leak following an industrial accident
Authors: Gisquet Elsa , Le Coze Jean‐Christophe
Published: August 2023

This article argues that space plays an active role in shaping collective responses to crisis situations. While it is well known that the physical features of a place affect the way industrial accidents can be managed by response and rescue teams, this article will examine another important aspect of space: its role in helping to resolve crises. We present a case study involving a French complex where a chemical cloud, emitting an odor reminiscent of household natural gas, was accidentally released. Based on interviews with key participants, as well as a variety of documents, we will explain how the physical and material features of the accident site can be used to transform a situation of great uncertainty and chaos into a well‐designed and controlled experiment, thereby aiding in crisis resolution. This article contributes to crisis literature by shedding new light on the role of space in crisis resolution using the concepts of boundaries, movement, and distance, and by contrasting the case with the Fukushima Daiichi accident. By conceptualizing space not only as a reservoir of information and evidence, but also as a tangible foundation, it becomes feasible to utilize it as a valuable resource for managing and resolving future crises.
Reconstruction of the Yangtze Ramp during Floian to Darriwilian (Ordovician) in South China: Its Morphology, Controlling Factors and Significances
Authors: LUAN Xiaocong , DESROCHERS André , WU Rongchang , LIU Jianbo , WANG Guangxu , LIANG Yan , ZHANG Yuchen , WEI Xin , LI Lixia , ZHAN Renbin
Published: August 2023

A robust stratigraphic framework and a coherent depositional ramp model for the Zitai, Dawan, Meitan and Ningkuo formations of Floian–Darriwilian age (Early–Middle Ordovician) in the Yangtze (Daoba, Xiangshuidong, Daling, Gudongkou and Honghuayuan sections) and Jiangnan regions (Nanba section) was created based on lithofacies and major element analysis. Three siliciclastic (LF1–3) and six carbonate (LF4–9) lithofacies are recognized representing sediments that were deposited in mixed siliciclastic and carbonate ramp environment. The intensity of mixed sedimentation and terrigenous input were evaluated using the elemental proxies Intensity of Mixed sedimentation (IM) and Aluminum Accumulation Rate (AlAR), as well as their mean values during certain time intervals. Mixed sediments are most well‐developed along the marginal Yangtze region, strongly impacted by recurrent influx of westerly derived terrigenous materials in response to global eustatic changes and regional tectonic movements, shaping the gently southeast‐dipping morphology. Regular terrigenous influx resulted in periods of enhanced primary productivity on the Yangtze Ramp as evidenced by matching biodiversity peaks in planktonic organisms, i.e., chitinozoans and acritarchs. Brachiopods and other shelly fauna were also able to proliferate as new niches developed along the gently dipping ramp floor with substrate changes. The biodiversification patterns suggest that terrigenous influx controlled in part by regional tectonics played a more important role than previously thought in the development of Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event in South China.
An Improved Method for Evaluating Hydrocarbon Generation of Shale: A Case Study of the Lower Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation Shale in the Songliao Basin
Authors: ZHANG Yuchen , WANG Min , LI Jinbu , ZHAO Chen , YAN Yu , XU Liang , DENG Zixiao
Published: August 2023

Because of the influence of hydrocarbons, especially adsorbed hydrocarbons, on the detection of cracked hydrocarbon (S2) and total organic carbon (TOC), the hydrogen index (HI)‐based hydrocarbon generation model deviates from actual practice. In this study, the shale in the first member of the Qingshankou Formation in the central depression of the Songliao Basin, where in northeastern China, was taken as the research object and a correction method for S2 and TOC was established. By correcting the experimental results of different maturity samples, the actual hydrocarbon generation model has been revealed, the differences before and after correction compared, and the evolutionary characteristics of the adsorbed hydrocarbon content were clarified. The results show that the organic matter enters the hydrocarbon generation threshold at Ro–0.5% and reaches the hydrocarbon generation peak at Ro–1.0% and that the hydrocarbon generation process ends at Ro–1.3%. The hydrocarbon generation model established based on the measured values has a ‘lag effect’ compared to actual values, and this extends the hydrocarbon generation window of organic matter and delays the hydrocarbon generation peak. With the increase of maturity, adsorbed hydrocarbon content shows the characteristics of ‘first increasing, then stabilizing, and then decreasing’, and reaches the most abundant stage at Ro of 0.9%–1.3%.
Patenting inventions or inventing patents? Continuation practice at the USPTO
Authors: Righi Cesare , Simcoe Timothy
Published: August 2023

Continuations allow inventors to add new claims to old patents, leading to concerns about unintended infringement and holdup. We study how continuations are used in standard essential patent (SEP) prosecution. Difference in differences estimates suggest that continuation filings increase by 80%–121% after a standard is published. This effect is larger for applicants with licensing‐based business models and for patent examiners with a higher allowance rate. Claim language is more similar for SEPs filed after standard publication, and late‐filing is positively correlated with litigation. These findings suggest widespread use of continuations to draft patents that are infringed by already‐published standards.
Supply Chain Decoupling: Geopolitical Debates and Economic Dynamism in East Asia
Authors: Ando Mitsuyo , Hayakawa Kazunobu , Kimura Fukunari
Published: August 2023

Supply chain decoupling in the US–China confrontation has generated serious uncertainties for private businesses. This paper focuses on machinery international production networks in East Asia and tries to find quantitative evidence on supply chain decoupling by using international trade statistics, particularly from the viewpoint of middle powers such as Japan. While data on the sectoral level of trade do not show any clear evidence of supply chain decoupling, some specific US export controls indeed affect international transactions when examined at a finely disaggregated level. We econometrically measure the effect of some of the US policies on Japanese exports to China. The recent strengthening of US export controls related to supercomputers and advanced integrated circuits is likely to generate further effects. Nevertheless, the supply chain decoupling seems to end up as a partial one, and a large portion of International Production Networks (IPNs) may remain active. In conclusion, the paper briefly discusses the policy implications of the analysis.
Urinary function in female patients after traditional, organ‐sparing and nerve‐sparing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: a systematic review and pooled analysis
Authors: Laukhtina Ekaterina , von Deimling Markus , Pradere Benjamin , Yanagisawa Takafumi , Rajwa Pawel , Kawada Tatsushi , Quhal Fahad , Pallauf Maximilian , Bianchi Alberto , Majdoub Muhammad , Mostafaei Hadi , Sari Motlagh Reza , Mori Keiichiro , Enikeev Dmitry , Fisch Margit , Moschini Marco , D'Andrea David , Soria Francesco , Albisinni Simone , Fajkovic Harun , Rink Michael , Teoh Jeremy Yuen‐Chun , Gontero Paolo , Shariat Shahrokh F. ,   European Association of Urology–Young Academic Urologists (EAU‐YAU): Urothelial Carcinoma Working Group
Published: August 2023

Objectives

To determine and summarize the available data on urinary, sexual, and health‐related quality‐of‐life (HRQOL) outcomes after traditional radical cystectomy (RC), reproductive organ‐preserving RC (ROPRC) and nerve‐sparing RC (NSRC) for bladder cancer (BCa) in female patients.

Methods

The PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases were searched to identify studies reporting functional outcomes in female patients undergoing RC and urinary diversion for the treatment of BCa. The outcomes of interest were voiding function (for orthotopic neobladder [ONB]), sexual function and HRQOL. The following independent variables were derived and included in the meta‐analysis: pooled rate of daytime and nighttime continence/incontinence, and intermittent self‐catheterization (ISC) rates. Analyses were performed separately for traditional, organ‐ and/or nerve‐sparing surgical approaches.

Results

Fifty‐three studies comprising 2740 female patients (1201 traditional RC and 1539 organ‐/nerve‐sparing RC, and 264 nerve‐sparing‐alone RC) were eligible for qualitative synthesis; 44 studies comprising 2418 female patients were included in the quantitative synthesis. In women with ONB diversion, the pooled rates of daytime continence after traditional RC, ROPRC and NSRC were 75.2%, 79.3% and 71.2%, respectively. The pooled rate of nighttime continence after traditional RC was 59.5%; this rate increased to 70.7% and 71.7% in women who underwent ROPRC and NSRC, respectively. The pooled rate of ISC after traditional RC with ONB diversion in female patients was 27.6% and decreased to 20.6% and 16.8% in patients undergoing ROPRC and NSRC, respectively. The use of different definitions and questionnaires in the assessment of postoperative sexual and HRQOL outcomes did not allow a systematic comparison.

Conclusions

Female organ‐ and nerve‐sparing surgical approaches during RC seem to result in improved voiding function. There is a significant need for well‐designed studies exploring sexual and HRQOL outcomes to establish evidence‐based management strategies to support a shared decision‐making process tailored towards patient expectations and satisfaction. Understanding expected functional, sexual and quality‐of‐life outcomes is necessary to allow individualized pre‐ and postoperative counselling and care delivery in female patients planned to undergo RC.
Te hauora karu o te iwi Māori: A comprehensive review of Māori eye health in Aotearoa/New Zealand
Authors: Rapata Micah , Cunningham Will , Harwood Matire , Niederer Rachael
Published: August 2023

This article provides a summary of available data on Māori ocular health, highlighting significant disparities between Māori and non‐Māori populations. Māori are more likely to develop diabetes, sight‐threatening retinopathy and keratoconus, and present for cataract surgery earlier with more advanced disease. Limited data exists for macular degeneration and glaucoma, but there is some suggestion that Māori may have lower prevalence rates. The article emphasises the urgent need for robust national data on Māori ocular health to enable targeted interventions and funding allocation. Achieving equity for Māori in all aspects of health, including ocular health, requires concerted efforts from all stakeholders.
Probability of independent walking and wheeled mobility in individuals with cerebral palsy
Authors: Noten Suzie , Pettersson Katina , Czuba Tomasz , Cloodt Erika , Casey Jackie , Rodby‐Bousquet Elisabet
Published: August 2023

Aim

To estimate the probability of independent walking and wheeled mobility in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) at home and in the community in relation to age and gross motor function.

Method

This was a longitudinal cohort study using data reported into the combined Swedish CP follow‐up programme and national quality registry from October 2000 to October 2022. Walking, walking with aids, wheeled mobility, and assisted mobility defined independent or assisted mobility at home and in the community, based on the Functional Mobility Scale with additional data on wheelchair performance, were assessed.

Results

There were 52 858 examinations reported for 6647 individuals with CP (age range 0–32 years, follow‐up period 0–22 years). Most children and adults in Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I or II walked without assistive devices. The probability of dependence on others for mobility in the community was high for both children and adults in GMFCS levels III to V.

Interpretation

Although independent mobility is vital for participation and social inclusion, many children and adults with CP are dependent on others for mobility. We recommend clinicians, together with families and individuals with CP, explore how to increase access to independent mobility from an early age and continuously throughout the life course.

What this paper adds

There is a high probability of independent walking in Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I to II.

Mobility options vary most at home and in the community in GMFCS level III.

Being dependent on others for mobility is likely in GMFCS levels III to V.
Implementation of a communication curriculum in undergraduate dental education—students' opinions during a 5‐year development phase
Authors: Ramseier Christoph A. , Hübschi Céline , Crnić Tin , Woelber Johan P.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Communication training has become an essential part of the dental curriculum. The aim of this study was to evaluate the communication curriculum developed and introduced 2016–2021 at the University of Bern, School of Dental Medicine (SDM), Switzerland.

Materials and Methods

The curriculum was implemented cumulatively in three phases: (1) lectures and accompanying role plays, (2) forum theatre and trainer‐based communication training and (3) self‐assessment. Students were surveyed 2016–2021 at the end of each semester using anonymous online questionnaires with five‐point Likert scales (0–4).

Results

A total of 191 fourth‐ and fifth‐year students were surveyed, and 165 (86.4%) questionnaires were analysed. The mean age of the participants was 24.2 ± 1.4 and 45.5% were female. While students' opinions about the need to communicate increased during weekly lectures in phase 1, their opinions about their ability to communicate simultaneously decreased. During phase 2, fourth‐year students' opinions on the need to communicate with dental patients increased from 3.22 ± 0.61 to 3.73 ± 0.45 (p = .001), anticipated benefits for dentists increased from 2.78 ± 0.71 to 3.43 ± 0.57 (p = .001) and for patients from 3.00 ± 0.76 to 3.47 ± 0.63 (p = .022). Only in phase 3, opinions on the ability to communicate statistically significantly increased for both fourth‐ (2.34 ± 0.71 to 2.72 ± 0.60, p = .033) and fifth‐year (2.20 ± 0.63 to 2.86 ± 0.59, p = .001) students. Preferred teaching and assessment methods were trainer‐based communication trainings (73.1%), lectures (67.3%) and self‐assessments in the student clinic (59.6%).

Conclusion

Communication curricula in dental education using methods such as lectures and trainer‐based communication trainings may additionally need to include self‐assessments to be effective from the students' perspective.
Policy growth, implementation capacities, and the effect on policy performance
Authors: Fernández‐i‐Marín Xavier , Hinterleitner Markus , Knill Christoph , Steinebach Yves
Published: August 2023

Democratic governments have constantly added new policies to existing policy stocks to confront societal, economic, and environmental challenges. This development has the potential to overburden public administrations in charge of policy implementation. To address this issue, we theorize and analyze how the relationship between the size of sectoral policy portfolios and implementation capacities affects sectoral policy performance. Our Bayesian analysis of the environmental policies of 21 Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development countries from 1976 to 2020 reveals a widening “gap” between the policies up for implementation and the implementation capacities available and shows that this gap negatively affects environmental policy performance. Qualitative insights from 47 in‐depth interviews with implementers validate these findings and shed light on the underlying causal processes. Our findings suggest that in advanced democracies transforming additional policies into effective problem‐solving crucially hinges on the deliberate expansion of implementation capacities.
Women academics experiences of maternity leave in the neoliberal university: Unmasking governmentality
Authors: Jones Karen , Floyd Alan
Published: August 2023

Addressing a paucity of large‐scale studies about women academics maternity experiences of leave in academia and under‐theorizing the influence of neoliberalism on this phenomenon, this research provides one of the largest studies of women's experiences of maternity leave in the academic sector. Secondary analysis of a subset of data from a global online mixed method survey with 553 women academics (82% UK, 18% international) was undertaken to explore experiences and implications of maternity leave for women. The findings reveal that women academics continued to undertake core academic work duties during maternity leave such as writing grant applications and journal articles, supervising doctoral students, teaching, and responding to emails. We document four distinct orientations adopted by women during maternity leave that characterize neoliberal subjectivity and use Foucauldian governmentality to unmask the inculcation of such norms. Our analysis shows how neoliberal ideology has gained a hegemonic position in academia that leaves little space for maternity leave, resulting in many women effectively relinquishing their maternity rights to sustain academic productivity. We argue that neoliberalism and new managerialism within the academy undermine policies to support women's maternity rights. The findings of this study will be of interest to scholars and Human Resources professionals, academic mothers, managers, and policymakers who are championing change in the sector.
A cohort study and matched pair analysis evaluating the effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on access to dental care for people with inherited bleeding disorders
Authors: Booth Alessandra Joelle , Cavell Tom , Gill Thomas , Hart Daniel , Nanayakkara Lochana
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Patients with inherited bleeding disorders (IBDs) can experience challenges in accessing dental care. The COVID‐19 pandemic saw the cessation of routine dentistry in England. This study aims to highlight whether access to dental care for patients with IBDs was impacted by the pandemic, and whether the severity of their IBD impacts patients experience of dental care.

Methods

Patients over the age of 18 with Haemophilia A and B, Von Willibrands (VWD), Bernard‐Soulier syndrome (BSS) and Glanzmann's disease were recruited. One hundred and seventy‐eight patients were called and invited to complete a questionnaire. Full cohort and matched pair analysis was performed.

Results

Seventy participants completed the questionnaire (62 males, mean age 39.9), 26 had a mild IBD and 44 severe. Mild and severe patients were matched on IBD, gender, deprivation index and age. Thirty‐one percent of patients tried to seek dental advice during the pandemic. Eighty‐one percent of mild patients saw a dentist routinely prior to the pandemic, compared to 58% of severe patients. Doctors were more likely to discuss the importance of dental prevention with patients with severe IBDs (p = .0042).

Conclusion

Fewer patients with severe IBDs accessed regular dental care compared to their matched pair counterparts prior to the pandemic. This could indicate that access to care is more difficult for those with severe IBDs. Patients felt that oral health is relevant to their IBD. While doctors were more likely to discuss the importance of preventing dental disease with patients who have severe IBDs, the profession needs to ensure this translates into routine engagement.
Understanding organizational identity in universities: Unravelling autonomy, governance and leadership in the case of the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Authors: Flipse Abraham C. , van Berckel Smit Floris J. N. , Huisman Jeroen
Published: August 2023

This paper offers a historical analysis of organizational identity development at a particular Dutch university, the Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam. Our analysis contributes to the discussion on what factors contribute to organizational identity maintenance and evolution. Whereas the literature suggests a rather straightforward development, with national and institutional governance arrangements offering more institutional autonomy and providing significant scope for identity development and profiling, this case study shows that these relationships between identity, governance, and autonomy are not that obvious. In this particular case, the opposite happened. Despite more autonomy, VU Amsterdam was not able to maintain its historically distinctive identity, nor was it able to replace this with a new, unambiguous identity. External factors (demographics) and internal dynamics (leadership strategies) explain the anomalies.
Barriers to and enablers of the promotion of patient and family participation in primary healthcare nursing in Brazil, Germany and Spain: A qualitative study
Authors: Heumann Marcus , Röhnsch Gundula , Zabaleta‐del‐Olmo Edurne , Toso Beatriz Rosana Gonçalves de Oliveira , Giovanella Ligia , Hämel Kerstin
Published: August 2023

Background

Most health systems are insufficiently prepared to promote the participation of chronically ill patients in their care. Strong primary health care (PHC) strengthens patients' resources and thus promotes their participation. The tasks of providing continuous care to people with chronic diseases and promoting self‐management are the responsibility of PHC nurses. Recent research assessing enablers of or barriers to nurses' efforts to support patients' participation has mostly not considered the special situation of patients with chronic diseases or focused on the PHC setting.

Objective

To investigate enablers of and barriers to PHC nurses' efforts to promote the participation of chronically ill patients in their care.

Methods

We interviewed 34 practicing PHC nurses and 23 key informants with advanced knowledge of PHC nursing practice in Brazil, Germany and Spain. The data was analyzed using thematic coding.

Results

We identified four categories of barriers and enablers. (1) Establishing bonds with patients: Interviewees emphasized that understanding patients' views and behaviours is important for PHC nurses. (2) Cooperation with relatives and families: Good relationships with families are fundamental, however conflicts within families could challenge PHC nurses efforts to strengthen participation. (3) Communication and cooperation within PHC teams: PHC nurses see Cooperative team structures as a potential enabler, while the dominance of a ‘biomedical’ approach to patient care is seen as a barrier. (4) Work environment: Interviewees agreed that increased workload is a barrier to patient participation.

Discussion and Conclusions

Supporting patient participation should be acknowledged as an important responsibility for nurses by general practitioners and PHC planners. PHC nurses should be trained in communicative competence when discussing participation with chronically ill patients. Interprofessional education could strengthen other professionals' understanding of patient participation as a nursing task.

Patient or Public Contribution

This study is part of a research project associated with the research network ‘forges: User‐oriented care: Promotion of health in the context of chronic diseases and care dependency’. The study's focus and provisional results were discussed continuously with partners in health and social care practice and presented to and discussed with the public at two conferences in which patient representatives, professionals and researchers participated.
Synthesis and electrochemical properties of hydrangea‐like (NH4)2V4O9/V5O12·6H2O cathode for zinc‐ion battery
Authors: Song Jiajia , Kou Lingjiang , Wang Yong , Ai Taotao , Li Wenhu , Kajiyoshi Koji , Wattanapaphawong Panya , Li Yi
Published: August 2023

Energy density, power density, as well as the cost of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs), are largely determined by the cathode material. Among the various cathodic candidates, vanadium‐based materials with various oxidation states of vanadium cations and open frameworks have emerged as highly promising options. In this work, a heterogeneous with hydrangea‐like (NH4)2V4O9/V5O12·6H2O as cathode materials for AZIBs. The hydrogen bonds formed by NH4+ of (NH4)2V4O9, in conjunction with the lattice water in V5O12·6H2O, sufficiently strengthen the cohesion of the layered structure and expand the interlayer space. As a result, accelerating the diffusion of Zn2+ ultimately leads to an enhanced overall discharge capacity. Remarkably, the hydrangea‐like (NH4)2V4O9/V5O12·6H2O electrode at a current density of 100 mA g−1 shows a high reversible capacity of 209 mAh g−1 after 150 cycles and higher rate capability (172 mAh g−1 at 500 mA g−1). The outstanding electrochemical performance can be attributed to the unique structure of the cathode material and accelerated diffusion coefficient of Zn2+.
Phase stability and cation partitioning in compositionally complex rare earth aluminates and aluminate‐zirconate mixtures
Authors: Yu Yueh‐Cheng , Nachlas William O. , Poerschke David L.
Published: August 2023

Multicomponent oxides have received significant recent attention due to their potential for improved property tunability. In simple structures, compositionally complex oxides can be stabilized by increased configurational entropy and are sometimes called “high entropy” ceramics. In phases with multiple cation sublattices or complex stoichiometries, it is more difficult to achieve high configurational entropy. However, there is limited knowledge about the factors influencing stability and solubility limits in many systems. This study investigated the limits on the stability of rare earth (RE) aluminates containing mixtures of RE cations including Gd, La, Nd, Yb, and Y in cases where (i) a fixed RE:Al ratio attempts to constrain the material into a single‐phase aluminate or (ii) a two‐phase aluminate, and in equilibrium with RE zirconates that readily dissolve multiple RE3+. The results show that it is difficult to form single‐phase, equimolar mixed‐RE aluminates encompassing a range of RE3+ sizes. Instead, the RE3+ selectively partition into specific phases based on RE‐size trends in the constituent binary systems. The results are discussed in terms of the phase stability and cation partition trends and potential applications.
Investigation of diffusivity in nanometer‐thick yttria‐stabilized zirconia by chronoamperometry and its formalism
Authors: Vazquez‐Arce Jorge Luis , Lam Le Thu , López‐Mercado César , Soto Gerardo , Tiznado Hugo
Published: August 2023

This work aims to demonstrate that chronoamperometry is a valuable tool for determining diffusivities in all‐solid‐state nanometer‐thick cells. The transient current in chronoamperometry of electrochemical cells under constant voltage is described by firstly considering purely capacitive processes, defined by RC circuit equations, and then purely diffusive processes, by Cottrell's equations. The physical meaning of the equations has been amply described in liquid cells with porous electrodes but scarcely in solid‐state cells. Thus, we studied Metal/Insulator/Metal nano‐cells with Ru and Au electrodes, Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte at temperatures between 50 and 170°C and voltages between 0.5 V and 1.5 V, where non‐Faradaic processes occur. The calculated diffusive and capacitive contributions at different temperatures obey the Arrhenius law. The activation energy was associated with vacancies, the major carrier during electrical transport. The analysis discusses other parameters, such as capacitance, effective concentration, and leakage current. The experimental diffusivity of YSZ electrolytes was compared with diffusivity values obtained by the statistical moment method.
Comprehensively analysis of splicing factors to construct prognosis prediction classifier in prostate cancer
Authors: Zhang He , Tian Jianfei , Ren Sixin , Han Baoai , Tian Ruinan , Zuo Xiaoyan , Liu Hui , Wang Zhiyong , Cui Yanfen , Liu Liming , Guo Hui , Zhang Fei , Niu Ruifang
Published: August 2023

Splicing factors (SFs) are proteins that control the alternative splicing (AS) of RNAs, which have been recognized as new cancer hallmarks. Their dysregulation has been found to be involved in many biological processes of cancer, such as carcinogenesis, proliferation, metastasis and senescence. Dysregulation of SFs has been demonstrated to contribute to the progression of prostate cancer (PCa). However, a comprehensive analysis of the prognosis value of SFs in PCa is limited. In this work, we systematically analysed 393 SFs to deeply characterize the expression patterns, clinical relevance and biological functions of SFs in PCa. We identified 53 survival‐related SFs that can stratify PCa into two de nove molecular subtypes with distinct mRNA expression and AS‐event expression patterns and displayed significant differences in pathway activity and clinical outcomes. An SF‐based classifier was established using LASSO‐COX regression with six key SFs (BCAS1, LSM3, DHX16, NOVA2, RBM47 and SNRPN), which showed promising prognosis‐prediction performance with a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) >0.700 in both the training and testing datasets, as well as in three external PCa cohorts (DKFZ, GSE70769 and GSE21035). CRISPR/CAS9 screening data and cell‐level functional analysis suggested that LSM3 and DHX16 are essential factors for the proliferation and cell cycle progression in PCa cells. This study proposes that SFs and AS events are potential multidimensional biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of PCa.
Medically assisted reproduction and mental health in adolescence: evidence from the UK Millennium Cohort Study
Authors: Palma Maria , Fitzsimons Emla , Patalay Praveetha , Goisis Alice
Published: August 2023

Background

The number and proportion of children conceived through medically assisted reproduction (MAR) is steadily increasing yet the evidence on their mental health in adolescence is inconclusive. Two main mechanisms with opposite effects can explain differences in mental health outcomes by conception mode: while more advantaged parental characteristics could positively influence it, higher parental stress could have a negative influence.

Methods

Linear and logistic estimations on a longitudinal population‐based birth cohort study of 9,897 individuals to investigate whether adolescents conceived through MAR are more likely than naturally conceived (NC) children to experience mental health problems at age 17, as reported by adolescents themselves and their parents. We test whether this association is confounded and/or mediated by parental background characteristics collected when the cohort member was around 9 months old (maternal age, maternal education level, ethnicity, income quintile), family structure variables measured in adolescence (number of siblings in the household at age 15, parental household structure at age 14) or maternal distress at age 14.

Results

Children conceived naturally and through MAR self‐reported similar mental health outcomes. The only differences between MAR and NC adolescents are in the parental reports, with parents who conceived through MAR reporting their children had 3.82 (95% CI: 1.140 to 11.54) and 2.35 (95% CI: 1.145 to 4.838) higher odds of falling within the high category of SDQ total difficulties and emotional symptoms scales, respectively. The results did not change on adjustment for mediators, such as maternal distress, number of siblings in the household and parental household structure.

Conclusions

The results reveal a lack of or small differences in MAR adolescents' mental health outcomes compared to children who were conceived naturally. While the results based on the parental reports could suggest that MAR adolescents are at higher risk of suffering from mental health problems, the differences are small and not supported by adolescents' own reports. The difference between MAR and NC adolescent's parental report might reflect differences in parental concern, their relationship or closeness and can help to reconcile the mixed findings of previous studies.
Irradiance from 12LEDlight curing units measured using 5 brands of dental radiometers
Authors: Maucoski Cristiane , Price Richard Bengt , Arrais Cesar Augusto Galvão
Published: August 2023

Objective

To evaluate the accuracy of five brands of radiometers in reporting the irradiance (mW/cm2) from twelve brands of LCUs compared to a ‘Gold Standard’ (GS) reference obtained from a hand‐held laboratory‐grade radiometer.

Materials and Methods

The irradiance was measured from two examples of twelve brands of previously used LCUs on two examples of five brands of dental radiometers. The emission spectrum was also obtained. Irradiance data from each brand of LCU against each meter was analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk test for normality. The irradiance values were subjected to a two‐way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni tests for each LCU brand. Finally, a descriptive analysis was made using a 95% confidence interval around the mean irradiance.

Results

The power output from the LCUs ranged from 271 mW to 1005 mW. Among the tested radiometers, only the Bluephase Meter II could accurately report the irradiance from 11 out of the 12 brands of LCU evaluated in this study. When measured using the “GS” system, the mean irradiance values from the two examples of nine brands of previously used LCU were not always within ±10% of the irradiance values stated by the manufacturer.

Conclusions

The mean irradiance values from 9 of the 12 brands of used LCUs were beyond ±10% of the irradiance values stated by the manufacturer. Only the Bluephase Meter II could accurately report the irradiance from 11 out of the 12 brands of LCU evaluated in this study.

Clinical Significance

There was a wide range in the power output from the LCUs tested. It was impossible to accurately measure the irradiance from all the LCUs using the dental radiometers examined. However, dental radiometers should still be used in dental offices to monitor the light output from LCUs and verify that they are working correctly before they are used on patients.
Conceptualising sustainability in Canadian dietetic practice: A scoping review
Authors: Everitt Tracy , Carlsson Liesel , Yantha Brittany , Jean‐Neilson Maggie , MacIsaac Sarah
Published: August 2023

Background

Dietitians (RDs) are well‐positioned to promote sustainable food systems and diets. This research aims to review the literature for how RDs in Canada define sustainability and determine the types of relevant activities that exist in practice as described in published literature.

Methods

Using standardised scoping review methods, researchers searched CINAHL, ACASP, PubMed and ENVCOM databases to identify peer‐reviewed articles and conducted a grey literature search to locate other publications related to sustainability in Canadian dietetic practice. Qualitative, thematic coding methods were used to examine definitions and existing practice. The PRISMA extension for scoping reviews guided reporting.

Results

The search resulted in 1059 documents and, after screening, 11 peer‐reviewed and 16 grey literature documents remained. Ten unique definitions were used, the most common being Sustainable Diets. Definitions were multidimensional, including environmental, social, economic and health dimensions, and 31 unique subtopics. However, existing practice activities appear to reduce actions to one to two dimensions. Existing practice areas well‐reflected include Food and Nutrition Expertise, Management and Leadership, Food Provision and Population Health Promotion. Notable gaps include action in Professionalism and Ethics and Nutrition Care.

Conclusions

No single definition supports all professional contexts, and agency in choice of language to define the work is helpful for contextual clarity. Strengthening practitioners’ ability to analyse issues using systems thinking and applying this in practice will help to address challenges and reduce risks of trade‐offs. Updates to competency standards that reflect the breadth of existing activities, as well as curricular supports or practice standards, are needed.
Development and Cognitive Testing of Occupational Safety and Health Questions for a Youth Survey: Addressing the Research Needs for a Vulnerable Working Population
Authors: Shockey Taylor M. , Silver Sharon R. , Wilmot Amanda
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND

While more than 2.5 million U.S. high students worked in 2020, data to assess how work affects this group are sparse. To facilitate such research, a set of occupational safety and health questions for inclusion on the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) and other youth‐focused surveys was developed.

METHODS

Survey questions about occupational experiences of young workers were adapted from other surveys or created de novo. Key audiences were engaged to define priority topic areas and develop draft questions, which were further refined through cognitive interviews with working youth.

RESULTS

Twenty‐one resulting questions spanned multiple work‐related topics: employment status; health outcomes; psychosocial exposures; and safety climate. Cognitive testing revealed that youth (aged 14‐19) had difficulty with temporal concepts. Some difficulties reflected the propensity of youth to engage in multiple, online, and informal jobs. During 3 rounds of interviews, questions were adjusted to better reflect youth employment circumstances and language. Four states added at least 1 work‐related question to their 2023 Youth Risk Behavior Survey questionnaire, and the full set of questions has been disseminated to federal agencies and partners.

CONCLUSION

Including tailored questions about employment in surveys of youth will facilitate occupational health surveillance for this group. Analysis of resulting data can help to close knowledge gaps, provide current prevalence data, inform policy, and allow development of focused prevention and intervention strategies to reduce adverse outcomes among young workers.
Evaluation of native isolates of Trichoderma spp. for controlling potato late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans in Nepal
Authors: Rokaya Nisha , Paneru Anita , Timila Ram Devi , Dhital Shambhu Prasad , Shrestha Ram Kumar , KC Gopal Bahadur , Manandhar Hira Kaji
Published: August 2023

Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is the most devastating disease of potato worldwide that can cause up to 100% crop loss under disease conducive conditions. The present study was carried out to evaluate and identify effective Trichoderma isolates against the disease. Thirty‐nine isolates of Trichoderma spp. isolated at Nepal Plant Disease and Agro Associates (NPDA), Kathmandu from Likhu areas of Nuwakot, Nepal were screened against P. infestans in detached leaf assay for their efficacy in reducing the lesion size of late blight. Fifteen isolates significantly reduced lesion size by 19%–46% compared with the control (water spray). Of them, top 10 isolates along with Sanjeevni (T. viride), a commercial product were tested in field experiments under natural epiphytotic conditions at Thansing and Dhikure of Likhu Rural Municipality in 2020–2021 and 2022–2023 crop years, respectively. The Trichoderma isolates significantly (p < .001) increased plant growth, tuber yield and reduced disease severity in both years. In 2020–2021, isolates, TL1‐2A, TL4‐81A and TL5‐21A reduced disease severity by 37.3%, 37.2% and 30.4%, respectively. The isolate TL1‐2A also significantly increased plant height, ground coverage and tuber yield by 41.2%, 30.3% and 72.3%, respectively compared with the control (water spray). In 2022–2023, TL1‐2A reduced disease severity by 40.2% and increased tuber yield by 46.4%. Other isolates, though significantly different from control, did not have satisfactory effect on disease control and tuber yield. In both years, the isolate TL1‐2A significantly reduced the disease, and increased plant growth and tuber yield. Thus, TL1‐2A isolate can be a potential candidate as a biocontrol agent for the integrated management of potato late blight in Nepal.
Intraoperative hypertensive crisis in a dog with functional paraganglioma of the gall bladder
Authors: Horikirizono H. , Nakaichi M. , Itoh H. , Itamoto K. , Nemoto Y. , Sunahara H. , Tani K.
Published: August 2023

A 15‐year‐old spayed female mongrel presented with anorexia and an abdominal mass. The mass originated from the gall bladder and was surgically resected along with divisionectomy of the central hepatic division. Paroxysmal hypertension and tachycardia were noted during manipulation of the mass. Following resection, arterial blood pressure decreased significantly. Histopathological analysis confirmed a diagnosis of neuroendocrine neoplasm. Immunohistochemical staining for synaptophysin and chromogranin A yielded diffuse and strong positive results, while gastrin was positive in only 10% of the cells. The preoperative elevated concentrations of catecholamine in the urinalysis showed a marked decrease after surgery. Based on these findings, the tumour was diagnosed as a functional paraganglioma of the gall bladder. The patient has undergone regular thoracic radiographs and ultrasound examinations and, until 431 days after surgery, has shown no signs of metastases or recurrences. Based on our literature search, we report the first case of functional paraganglioma of the gall bladder in a dog.