bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Cervical Lengths Using Transabdominal and Transvaginal Sonography in Midpregnancy
Authors: Roh Hyun-Jin , Ji Yong Il , Jung Chul Hoi , Jeon Gyun Ho , Chun Sungwook , Cho Hyun Jin
Published: September 2013

Objectives

Cervical length assessment is helpful to predict and prevent preterm birth. However, transvaginal sonography is not easy to perform. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship and discrepancies between cervical lengths measured by transabdominal and transvaginal sonography in midpregnancy.

Methods

Transabdominal and transvaginal cervical lengths were measured in 255 pregnant women between 20 and 29 gestational weeks. The discrepancies in cervical lengths between the two methods were analyzed for the following maternal and fetal conditions: (1) vertex versus breech fetal presentation, (2) whether the fetal presenting part overlay the cervical internal os, (3) whether both the internal os and external os were visible or only the internal os was clearly visible, (4) maternal bladder filling status, (5) maternal age, (6) parity, and (7) gestational age.

Results

The mean cervical lengths were not significantly different (mean ± SD, 3.88 ± 0.73 cm on transabdominal sonography and 3.93 ± 0.72 cm on transvaginal sonography; P = .129; Pearson r = 0.75). The 5th‐percentile transabdominal cervical length was 26.0 mm, and the transvaginal length was 27.8 mm. There were significant discrepancies between the two methods in the cases in which a fetal presenting part overlay the internal os, in the cases in which the external os was not clearly visible, and in primiparous women. Transabdominal cervical measurements were consistently shorter than transvaginal measurements in the cases with discrepancies.

Conclusions

Transabdominal cervical length measurements are correlated with transvaginal measurements overall, and the transabdominal length is consistently shorter than the transvaginal length in cases with discrepancies. Transabdominal sonography could be used as a cervical length screening tool.
Reference Ranges for Fetal Septum Primum Excursion From 14 to 40 Weeks' Gestation
Authors: Mekjarasnapha Manasicha , Traisrisilp Kuntharee , Luewan Suchaya , Srisupundit Kasemsri , Tongprasert Fuanglada , Tongsong Theera
Published: September 2013

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to establish reference ranges for septum primum excursion and the septum primum excursion index.

Methods

Normal singleton pregnancies with certain dates from 14 to 40 weeks' gestation were enrolled to acquire spatiotemporal image correlation volume data sets. The stored data sets were subsequently displayed offline to measure septum primum excursion and the left atrium diameter. The measured values were regressed to identify the best‐fitted model as a function of gestational age and biparietal diameter.

Results

A total of 624 volumes were successfully measured, and normal reference ranges for predicting means and standard deviations of septum primum excursion and the septum primum excursion index were established based on best‐fitted equations. The septum primum excursion index was relatively constant throughout pregnancy (mean ± SD, 0.474 ± 0.082), whereas septum primum excursion increased with gestational age and biparietal diameter as follows: (1) septum primum excursion = −6.30 + 0.667 × gestational age − 0.009 × gestational age2; SD of septum primum excursion = 0.219 + 0.02 × gestational age; and (2) septum primum excursion = −3.342 + 1.933 × biparietal diameter − 0.102 × biparietal diameter2; SD of septum primum excursion = 0.330 + 0.065 × biparietal diameter. Percentile charts for predicting septum primum excursion and equations for Z score calculation were also provided.

Conclusions

Normal reference ranges for fetal septum primum excursion and the septum primum excursion index have been provided. These normative data may be useful tools for assessment of hemodynamics through the foramen ovale or left ventricular diastolic function.
Ultrasound Backscatter Microscopy for Imaging of Oral Carcinoma
Authors: Lam Matthew , Chaudhari Abhijit J. , Sun Yang , Zhou Feifei , Dobbie Allison , Gandour-Edwards Regina F. , Tinling Steve P. , Farwell D. Gregory , Monsky Wayne L. , Shung K. Kirk , Marcu Laura
Published: September 2013

Objectives

Ultrasound backscatter microscopy (UBM), or ultrasound biomicroscopy, is a noninvasive, label‐free, and ionizing radiation–free technique allowing high‐resolution 3‐dimensional structural imaging. The goal of this study was to evaluate UBM for resolving anatomic features associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity.

Methods

The study was conducted in a hamster buccal pouch model. A carcinogen was topically applied to cheeks of 14 golden Syrian hamsters. Six additional hamsters served as healthy controls. A high‐frequency (41 MHz, 6‐mm focal depth, lateral and axial resolutions of 65 and 37 μm, respectively) UBM system was used for scanning the oral cavity after 14 weeks of carcinogen application. Histologic analyses were conducted on scanned regions.

Results

The histologic structure of buccal tissue and microvasculature networks could be visualized from the UBM images. Epithelial and mucosal hypertrophy and neoplastic changes were identified in animals subjected to the carcinogen. In animals with invasive squamous cell carcinoma, lesion development and destruction of the structural integrity of tissue layers were noted.

Conclusions

In this pilot study, UBM generated sufficient contrast for morphologic features associated with oral carcinoma compared to healthy tissue. This modality may present a practical technique for detection of oral neoplasms that is potentially translatable to humans.
Diagnostic Efficacy of Contrast‐Enhanced Sonography by Combined Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis in Breast Lesions
Authors: Wang Lin , Du Jing , Li Feng-Hua , Fang Hua , Hua Jia , Wan Cai-Feng
Published: September 2013

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of contrast‐enhanced sonography for differentiation of breast lesions by combined qualitative and quantitative analyses in comparison to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods

Fifty‐six patients with American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System category 3 to 5 breast lesions on conventional sonography were evaluated by contrast‐enhanced sonography and MRI. A comparative analysis of diagnostic results between contrast‐enhanced sonography and MRI was conducted in light of the pathologic findings.

Results

Pathologic analysis showed 26 benign and 30 malignant lesions. The predominant enhancement patterns of the benign lesions on contrast‐enhanced sonography were homogeneous, centrifugal, and isoenhancement or hypoenhancement, whereas the patterns of the malignant lesions were mainly heterogeneous, centripetal, and hyperenhancement. The detection rates for perfusion defects and peripheral radial vessels in the malignant group were much higher than those in the benign group (P < .05). As to quantitative analysis, statistically significant differences were found in peak and time‐to‐peak values between the groups (P < .05). With pathologic findings as the reference standard, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of contrast‐enhanced sonography and MRI were 90.0%, 92.3%, 91.1% and 96.7%, 88.5%, and 92.9%, respectively. The two methods had a concordant rate of 87.5% (49 of 56), and the concordance test gave a value of κ = 0.75, indicating that there was high concordance in breast lesion assessment between the two diagnostic modalities.

Conclusions

Contrast‐enhanced sonography provided typical enhancement patterns and valuable quantitative parameters, which showed good agreement with MRI in diagnostic efficacy and may potentially improve characterization of breast lesions.
First‐Trimester Sonographic Findings Associated With a Dandy‐Walker Malformation and Inferior Vermian Hypoplasia
Authors: Bornstein Eran , Rodríguez José Luis Goncalves , Pavón Erika Carolina Álvarez , Quiroga Héctor , Or Drorit , Divon Michael Y.
Published: September 2013

We report 2 cases in which first‐trimester measurements of the intracranial translucency and the brain stem‐to‐occipital bone diameter were markedly enlarged. This finding was thought to represent an abnormal fourth ventricle‐cisterna magna complex. Subsequently, the diagnoses of a Dandy‐Walker malformation with partial vermian agenesis in 1 case and inferior vermian hypoplasia in the other were established and confirmed by either postmortem autopsy or postnatal magnetic resonance imaging. These cases suggest that evaluation of the fourth ventricle‐cisterna magna complex, by measuring the intracranial translucency or brain stem‐to‐occipital bone diameter may identify some cases with structural malformations of the cerebellum as early as the first trimester.
Lamb Receives 2012 Luna B. Leopold Young Scientist Award: Response
Authors: Lamb Michael P.
Published: September 2013

It is my pleasure to be a part of the exciting community of Earth and planetary surface processes. In addition to the opportunities to participate in engaging and fundamental science, I enjoy our field because of collaborations with bright and fun people. In my short career I have had the pleasure to work with a number of colleagues, and I share this award with you.
Do tree ring chronologies have missing rings that distort volcanic cooling signal?: Fixing tree ring chronologies yields closer agreement with models
Authors: Schultz Colin
Published: September 2013

Climate models generally show that when a massive volcano erupts, scattering reflective aerosols across the globe, the planet's temperature declines for up to a few years. However, when researchers look at reconstructed temperature records built on annual tree ring measurements, this volcanic cooling often appeared much weaker than expected or was nonexistent. In a new study reanalyzing regional tree ring growth records, Mann et al. provide a possible explanation for the absence of the cooling effect.
Do tree ring chronologies have missing rings that distort volcanic cooling signal?: Tree ring records not distorted by missing rings
Authors: Balcerak Ernie
Published: September 2013

Tree ring records are often used as a proxy for past climate. Trees form a new growth ring each year, and ring widths are related to temperature and other conditions at cold sites. Some recent studies have noted that tree ring width chronologies and resulting climate reconstructions do not appear to show the widespread cooling in the past millennium that would be expected following large volcanic eruptions. One hypothesis suggests that regional cooling after a volcanic eruption could be so severe that many trees do not form a ring at all, which leads researchers to misdate the tree ring chronology.
Updated ice core record captures industrial era carbon variability
Authors: Schultz Colin
Published: September 2013

In 1999, researchers published data from ice cores collected at Law Dome, a research site in East Antarctica. These data are distinguished by their high time resolution and by their overlap with modern measurements, providing one of the most important records of how the atmosphere's chemical composition changed over the past 1000 years. Air trapped in bubbles in the ice core let researchers measure the concentration of carbon dioxide and other gases and analyze the ratio of carbon‐13 to carbon‐12 isotopes in the atmospheric carbon dioxide. Burning fossil fuel releases carbon dioxide that is depleted in carbon‐13 isotopes, and the Law Dome record provided evidence that modern increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide are due to anthropogenic activity. In a new study, Rubino et al., a team that includes some of the authors from the original analysis, use novel tools and techniques to update their ice core record.
Rapid Response Survey Gauges Sandy's Impact on Seafloor
Authors: Goff John A. , Austin James A. , Flood Roger D. , Christensen Beth , Browne Cassandra M. , Saustrup Steffen
Published: September 2013

In January 2013, approximately 2 months after Hurricane Sandy made landfall in the Mid‐Atlantic Bight, scientists from the University of Texas Institute for Geophysics (UTIG), part of the Jackson School of Geosciences (JSG), partnered with local colleagues at Adelphi and Stony Brook universities and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to conduct marine surveys both offshore and within inshore bays of Long Island, N. Y. (Figure 1a). The primary goal was to assess the storm's impact on the seabed.
Voyager 1 Has Entered Interstellar Space
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: September 2013

“We made it,” Voyager project scientist Ed Stone announced at a 12 September briefing at NASA headquarters in Washington, D. C. NASA's Voyager 1 spacecraft, the most distant human‐made object, is now the first such object to enter interstellar space, the space between the stars. “The 36‐year‐old probe is now sailing the uncharted waters of a new cosmic sea, and it has brought us along for the journey,” Stone said.
Improving measurement of Chesapeake Bay's dead zone
Authors: Schultz Colin
Published: September 2013

In the 1930s, researchers first noticed that the Chesapeake Bay had a dead zone, an expanse of water with drastically reduced concentrations of oxygen. In the 1980s, hypoxia—low‐oxygen conditions—gave way in some places to anoxia—a near‐total depletion of dissolved oxygen. A lack of oxygen makes the water inhospitable for many marine organisms, and the Chesapeake Bay is the focus of major ecosystem rehabilitation efforts.
Measuring brain perfusion with intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM): Initial clinical experience
Authors: Federau Christian , O'Brien Kieran , Meuli Reto , Hagmann Patric , Maeder Philippe
Published: September 2013

Purpose

To evaluate the feasibility of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) perfusion measurements in the brain with currently available imaging systems.

Materials and Methods

We acquired high in‐plane resolution (1.2 × 1.2 mm2) diffusion‐weighted images with 16 different values of b ranging from 0 to 900 s/mm2, in three orthogonal directions, on 3T systems with a 32‐multichannel receiver head coil. IVIM perfusion maps were extracted by fitting a double exponential model of signal amplitude decay. Regions of interest were drawn in pathological and control regions, where IVIM perfusion parameters were compared to the corresponding dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) parameters.

Results

Hyperperfusion was found in the nonnecrotic or cystic part of two histologically proven glioblastoma multiforme and in two histologically proven glioma WHO grade III, as well as in a brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma, in a large meningioma, and in a case of ictal hyperperfusion. A monoexponential decay was found in a territory of acute ischemia, as well as in the necrotic part of a glioblastoma. The IVIM perfusion fraction f correlated well with DSC CBV.

Conclusion

Our initial report suggests that high‐resolution brain perfusion imaging is feasible with IVIM in the current clinical setting. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:624–632. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neural stem and progenitor cells in health and disease
Authors: Ladran Ian , Tran Ngoc , Topol Aaron , Brennand Kristen J.
Published: September 2013

Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) have the potential to differentiate into neurons, astrocytes, and/or oligodendrocytes. Because these cells can be expanded in culture, they represent a vast source of neural cells. With the recent discovery that patient fibroblasts can be reprogrammed directly into induced NSPCs, the regulation of NSPC fate and function, in the context of cell‐based disease models and patient‐specific cell‐replacement therapies, warrants review. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2013, 5:701–715. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1239

This article is categorized under:

Developmental Biology > Lineages

Biological Mechanisms > Regulatory Biology

Developmental Biology > Stem Cell Biology and Regeneration
Modifiable Factors to Decrease the Cost of Robotic‐Assisted Procedures
Authors: Nayeemuddin Mohammed , Daley Susan C. , Ellsworth Pamela
Published: September 2013

In 2000, the US Food and Drug Administration approved the da Vinci Surgical System® for use in the United States. Since that time, the number of surgical robotic systems throughout the United States has continued to grow. The costs for using the system include the initial purchase ($1 million to $2.3 million) plus annual maintenance fees ($100,000 to $150,000) and the cost of limited‐use or disposable instruments. Increasing the number of procedures that are performed using the robotic system can decrease the per‐procedure costs. Two modifiable factors that contribute to increasing the annual caseload are increasing the number of surgeons capable of using the system and having a properly educated perioperative nursing team. An educated surgical team decreases turnover time, facilitates proper flow of each surgical procedure, and is able to actively and passively solve intraoperative problems.
Triose phosphate isomerase from the blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni: Biochemical characterisation of a potential drug and vaccine target
Authors: Zinsser Veronika L. , Farnell Edward , Dunne David W. , Timson David J.
Published: September 2013

The glycolytic enzyme triose phosphate isomerase from Schistosoma mansoni is a potential target for drugs and vaccines. Molecular modelling of the enzyme predicted that a Ser‐Ala‐Asp motif which is believed to be a helminth‐specific epitope is exposed. The enzyme is dimeric (as judged by gel filtration and cross‐linking), resistant to proteolysis and highly stable to thermal denaturation (melting temperature of 82.0 °C). The steady‐state kinetic parameters are high (K
m for dihydroxyacetone phosphate is 0.51 mM; K
m for glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate is 1.1 mM; k
cat for dihydroxyacetone phosphate is 7800 s−1 and k
cat for glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate is 6.9 s−1).
Middle Wisconsin glacial advance into the Appalachian Plateau, Sixmile Creek, Tompkins Co., NY
Authors: Karig Daniel E. , Miller Norton G.
Published: September 2013

Areal mapping of the middle Wisconsin varved clay site along Sixmile Creek near Ithaca, New York, has revealed a much more widespread and varied array of sediments than previously thought. Lacustrine clays, some varved, are interbedded with sands and gravels interpreted as sub-aqueous fan deposits, and both are overlain by a deformation till. Nine radiocarbon dates indicate a 34–37 14C ka BP age for the lacustrine sediment, with the deformation till less than a few thousand years younger. Beneath this sequence is a deposit dated at ± 42 14C ka BP. Both strata represent a tundra climate with a mean July temperature of about 10°C. The Sixmile Creek deformation till must correlate with the 35 14C ka BP till along the Genesee River, 125 km to the NW, and defines a Cherrytree stade glacial advance into the Appalachian Plateau, much further south than what has generally been accepted. Such an advance would require drainage from a proglacial lake in the western Ontario basin to flow westward instead of northeastward. The Sixmile strata suggest a colder than accepted middle Wisconsin stage. Recent data indicate that this stage is one of progressive cooling, with large climatic fluctuations.
Linear shape oscillations and polymeric time scales of viscoelastic drops
Authors: Brenn Günter , Teichtmeister Stephan
Published: September 2013

We study small-amplitude axisymmetric shape oscillations of viscoelastic drops in a gas. The Jeffreys model is used as the rheological constitutive equation of the liquid, which represents a liquid with a frequency-dependent dynamic viscosity. The analysis of the time-dependent deformations caused by the oscillations yields the characteristic equation for the complex frequency, which describes the oscillation frequency and damping rate dependence on the viscous liquid behaviour and the stress relaxation and deformation retardation time scales ${\lambda }_{1} $ and ${\lambda }_{2} $ involved in the viscoelastic material law. The aim of this study is to quantify the influences of the two time scales on the oscillation behaviour of the drop and to propose an experimental method to determine one of the time scales by measuring damped oscillations of a drop. A proof-of-concept experiment is presented to show the potential and limitations of the method. Results show that values of ${\lambda }_{2} / {\lambda }_{1} $ from these measurements are orders of magnitude smaller than typical values used in simulations of viscoelastic flows.
Maltese Students' Perspectives About Their Experiences at School and Their Mental Health
Authors: Askell-Williams Helen , Cefai Carmel , Fabri Francis
Published: September 2013

In this article we report Maltese primary and secondary students' perspectives about their school experiences and their mental health. Questionnaires were completed by 281 students. Relationships emerged between students' reports about their involvement in bullying, mental health status, and a range of typical features of school environments. A conservative non-parametric Jonckheere-Terpstra test indicated significant unidirectional differences, from non-involved through to bully/victim groups, for six selected variables that have the potential to be influenced by schools' policies and practices, namely, positive school community, coping with school work, social and emotional education, friendships, safety, and teachers' responses to bullying events. Effect sizes ranged from small to medium. This study illustrates identifiable patterns of students' social, emotional and academic wellbeing. It highlights the need for intervention programs that are conceptualised to meet the needs of different student groups, in this case, involvement in bullying as a victim or as a bully. It also highlights how a range of school-based influences may operate together to affect the wellbeing of students, and points to the need for multi-disciplinary collaboration and approaches to mental health promotion in schools.
Anatomical, functional, physiological and behavioural aspects of the development of mastication in early childhood
Authors: Le Révérend Benjamin J. D. , Edelson Lisa R. , Loret Chrystel
Published: September 2013

Mastication efficiency is defined as the efficiency of crushing food between the teeth and manipulating the resulting particles to form a swallowable food bolus. It is dependent on the orofacial anatomical features of the subject, the coordination of these anatomical features and the consistency of the food used during testing. Different measures have been used to indirectly quantify mastication efficiency as a function of children's age such as observations, food bolus characterisation, muscle activity measurement and jaw movement tracking. In the present review, we aim to describe the changes in the oral physiology (e.g. bone and muscle structure, teeth and soft tissues) of children and how these changes are associated with mastication abilities. We also review previous work on the effect of food consistency on children's mastication abilities and on their level of texture acceptance. The lack of reference foods and differences in testing methodologies across different studies do not allow us to draw conclusions about (1) the age at which mastication efficiency reaches maturity and (2) the effect of food consistency on the establishment of mature mastication efficiency. The effect of food consistency on the development of children's mastication efficiency has not been tested widely. However, both human and animal studies have reported the effect of food consistency on orofacial development, suggesting that a diet with harder textures enhances bone and muscle growth, which could indirectly lead to better mastication efficiency. Finally, it was also reported that (1) children are more likely to accept textures that they are able to manipulate and (2) early exposure to a range of textures facilitates the acceptance of foods of various textures later on. Recommending products well adapted to children's mastication during weaning could facilitate their acceptance of new textures and support the development of healthy eating habits.
Age and sex differences in the incorporation of EPA and DHA into plasma fractions, cells and adipose tissue in humans
Authors: Walker Celia G. , Browning Lucy M. , Mander Adrian P. , Madden Jackie , West Annette L. , Calder Philip C. , Jebb Susan A.
Published: September 2013

The aim of the present study was to determine whether age and sex influence both the status and incorporation of EPA and DHA into blood plasma, cells and tissues. The study was a double-blind, randomised, controlled intervention trial, providing EPA plus DHA equivalent to 0, 1, 2 or 4 portions of oily fish per week for 12 months. The participants were stratified by age and sex. A linear regression model was used to analyse baseline outcomes, with covariates for age or sex groups and by adjusting for BMI. The change in outcomes from baseline to 12 months was analysed with additional adjustment for treatment and average compliance. Fatty acid profiles in plasma phosphatidylcholine, cholesteryl esters, NEFA and TAG, mononuclear cells (MNC), erythrocyte membranes, platelets, buccal cells (BU) and adipose tissue (AT) were determined. At baseline, EPA concentrations in plasma NEFA and DHA concentrations in MNC, BU and AT were higher in females than in males (allP< 0·05). The concentrations of EPA in AT (P= 0·003) and those of DHA in plasma TAG (P< 0·01) and AT (P< 0·001) were higher with increasing age. Following 12-month supplementation with EPA plus DHA, adjusted mean difference for change in EPA concentrations in plasma TAG was significantly higher in females than in males (P< 0·05) and was greater with increasing age (P= 0·02). Adjusted mean difference for change in DHA concentrations in AT was significantly smaller with increasing age (P= 0·02). Although small differences in incorporation with age and sex were identified, these were not of sufficient magnitude to warrant a move away from population-level diet recommendations forn-3 PUFA.
Global Capitalisms in Asia: Beyond State and Market in China
Authors: Osburg John
Published: September 2013

After more than thirty years of economic reforms, China appears to have settled into a form of state capitalism that is likely to endure as long as the Communist Party retains power. This essay provides a critical overview of some of the key features and contradictions that characterize this particular form of capitalism and reviews some recent influential critiques of this system. Many observers have viewed the resurgence of the state-controlled economy as a shift away from policies more hospitable to both indigenous entrepreneurs and foreign capital in the 1980s and 1990s. Drawing on the author's own research with entrepreneurs in China, however, this essay argues for the importance of moving beyond the dichotomy of the controlling state and the free market.
Investigation of seasonal variability of vestibular neuronitis
Authors: Koors P D , Thacker L R , Coelho D H
Published: September 2013

Objective:

To determine if the incidence of vestibular neuronitis displays seasonal variation.

Methods:

A retrospective case review was performed to determine the monthly and quarterly incidence of vestibular neuronitis over a 36-month period. Incidence values were compiled, and the chi-square test and Rayleigh test for circular means were used to assess for uneven distribution and seasonality, respectively.

Results:

Fifty-two patients were diagnosed with vestibular neuronitis during the study period. The 2009–2010 study year showed uneven distribution and evidence of seasonality (R = 7.211, p < 0.001). However, the other two study years did not show statistical significance using either the chi-square test or Rayleigh test. In addition, when incidence values were aggregated across all three years of the study, neither the chi-square test nor Rayleigh test showed statistical significance.

Conclusion:

The present study found minimal evidence of seasonality in the incidence of vestibular neuronitis. These findings are consistent with studies of seasonality observed for other inner-ear disorders thought to be virally mediated.
ΔΗΛΟΣ ἘΚΙΝΉΘΗ: An ‘Imaginary Earthquake’ on Delos in Herodotus and Thucydides
Authors: Rusten Jeffrey S.
Published: September 2013

Thucydides' and Herodotus' comments on a portentous (and unique) Delian earthquake contain the same phrase, but date the event almost 60 years apart and mutually rule out each other's datings. Two additional problems in these passages – geology demonstrates that Delos has never in fact had an earthquake of any significance and κινεῖν is not the word for an earthquake – point to an explanation for the historians' treatment. They are based on the Delphic oracle quoted by Herodotus which promised to ‘move unmoved Delos’, a paradox based on the island's mythical transition from floating to fixed (Pindar), but liable to confusion with its equally well-known aseismicity. Normally κινεῖν τὰ ἀκίνητα is used of interfering with religious sites; but the oracle's prediction was interpreted as an earthquake, that was assumed to have occurred in due course (although it had not). Both historians accepted the interpretation, but followed different datings since they invested it with different symbolism, Herodotus of the evils of the Persian and subsequent Greek wars, Thucydides of excited anticipation on the eve of the Peloponnesian War, since for him κίνησις meant ‘mobilization’ (1.1).
Foreign language learning and teaching in Germany: A review of empirical research literature from 2005 to 2010
Authors: Finkbeiner Claudia , Olson Agnes Madeleine , Friedrich Jennifer
Published: September 2013

This article reviews the empirical research literature on foreign language (FL) learning and teaching published between 2005 and 2010 in Germany. It focuses on the empirical studies that have attracted the greatest interest among researchers during this period of time. These include research on educational standards, teacher education, early FL learning, content and language integrated learning, motivation and interest, intercultural learning, literacy, learning strategies and cooperative and computer-assisted language learning. The review reveals rich and diverse research studies in the field of FL teaching and learning. As a relatively young discipline without a longstanding research tradition, this field overlaps in its research interests and methods with other research fields such as educational psychology, linguistics and the educational sciences. The review also shows that the research into FL teaching and learning is to a large degree dominated by small rather than large-scale projects and is characterized by its largely practical relevance. The review ends with recommendations for future research as a conditio sine qua non for further development in the field.
Social-Interaction Knowledge Translation for In-Home Management of Urinary Incontinence and Chronic Care
Authors: Jansen Lynn , McWilliam Carol L. , Forbes Dorothy , Forchuk Cheryl
Published: September 2013

Bien que l’incontinence urinaire peut être géré d’une manière conservatrice, c’est une cause principale de la dégradation des soins de famille dans la maison. Cette étude a examiné les processus d’interaction sociale et de l’application des connaissances (AC) se rapportant à la façon dont la gestion de l’incontinence urinaire (IU) peut être traduit dans les soins à domicile. Les données provenant des entretiens approfondis ont été receuillies auprès d’un échantillon théorique des 23 aidants familiaux, des beneficiaires âgés et des prestataires de soins à domicile. Les comparaisons constantes et les critères d’analyse de Glaser ont été utilisés pour arriver à traduire les connaissances à travers une théorie de fond. Dix sous-themes sont inclus: comment vivre avec le problème; le renforcement de connaissances expérientielles; le développement du confort; l’assouplissement dans une relation de travail; la mutualité nourricière; facilitant l’échange de connaissances; le renforcement de la confiance; l’affinage de connaissances; mettant tous ensemble, et la gestion de soins à domicile. Les résultats sont instructifs pour l’AC au sujet d’IU à la fois dans la théorie et la pratique des soins à domicile, grâce à avoir éclairé comment l’intersubjectivité et les interactions bi-directionelles sont indispensables à l’application des connaissances des soins à domicile chroniques, ce qui sont largement tacites et empiriques.
Secondary Control Belief Combinations (Adjustment and Acceptance) and Well-Being in Older Adults
Authors: Swift Audrey U. , Chipperfield Judith G.
Published: September 2013

Peu d’études sur les personnes âgées ont evalué directement les croyances de contrôle secondaires, défini auparavant par Morling et Evered en 2006 comme une combinaison de l’ajustement psychologique et de l’acceptation. Nous avons classé les personnes âgées (n = 223, M – age de 85 ans, 62% femmes) en trois catégories, selon leurs croyances de contrôle secondaires: l’ajustement psychologique seulement, l’ajustement psychologique et l’acceptation, et ni l’ajustement psychologique ni l’acceptation. Par rapport aux personnes qui ont insisté sur croyances au sujet de l’ajustement psychologique seulement, ceux qui ont souligné une combinaison de croyances de contrôle secondaires—incluant à la fois l’ajustement psychologique et l’acceptation—ont rapporté les émotions positives plus fréquentes, une plus grande satisfaction de vie et les maladies chroniques moins sévères. Nos résultats ont des implications dans les deux contextes, théoriques et appliquées. Théoriquement, nos résultats s’étendent la réflexion contemporaine sur le contrôle secondaire. Dans les paramètres appliqués, ils suggèrent des façons de penser qui peuvent améliorer le bien-être parmi les tres vieux.
Sexual functioning in patients with major depressive disorder in randomized placebo-controlled studies of extended release quetiapine fumarate
Authors: Clayton Anita H. , Locklear Julie C. , Svedsäter Henrik , McIntyre Roger S.
Published: September 2013

Objective

We evaluated sexual functioning from 6 acute, randomized, placebo-controlled studies (6–10 weeks) of once-daily extended release quetiapine fumarate (quetiapine XR) 50, 150, or 300 mg/day as monotherapy (Studies 1–4) or adjunct therapy (Studies 6–7) in major depressive disorder (MDD).

Methods

We present a pre-planned, non-inferiority analysis of quetiapine XR monotherapy versus placebo using Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (CSFQ) total score change (Studies 1–4). Post hoc analyses evaluated CSFQ total and domain scores for fixed-dose monotherapy (Studies 1–2), modified fixed-dose (Studies 3–4), and adjunct therapy studies (Studies 6–7). CSFQ data for active comparators (duloxetine [Study 2], escitalopram [Study 4]) are reported.

Results

Quetiapine XR monotherapy was non-inferior to placebo for sexual functioning (least squares mean [LSM] difference in CSFQ score change versus placebo, 0.16 [95% confidence interval: −0.59, 0.92]); LSM change in CSFQ score: 1.90, quetiapine XR (all doses) and 1.73, placebo. LSM differences versus placebo (95% confidence interval): 0.18 (−1.40, 1.75), duloxetine (Study 2); 0.16 (−1.77, 2.10), escitalopram (Study 4). LSM differences with adjunct quetiapine XR 150 mg/day (0.52;p= 0.338) or 300 mg/day (0.22;p= 0.679) were comparable with placebo plus antidepressants. Post hoc all-patient and gender-specific analyses were comparable for CSFQ total scores versus placebo with quetiapine XR 50, 150, or 300 mg/day, duloxetine, and escitalopram.

Discussion

Lack of negative effects on sexual functioning in patients with MDD may improve treatment acceptability.

Conclusion

Quetiapine XR (monotherapy or adjunct therapy) had an impact on sexual function that was comparable with placebo.
Using sequential runtime distributions for the parallel speedup prediction of SAT local search
Authors: ARBELAEZ ALEJANDRO , TRUCHET CHARLOTTE , CODOGNET PHILIPPE
Published: September 2013

This paper presents a detailed analysis of the scalability and parallelization of local search algorithms for the Satisfiability problem. We propose a framework to estimate the parallel performance of a given algorithm by analyzing the runtime behavior of its sequential version. Indeed, by approximating the runtime distribution of the sequential process with statistical methods, the runtime behavior of the parallel process can be predicted by a model based on order statistics. We apply this approach to study the parallel performance of two SAT local search solvers, namely Sparrow and CCASAT, and compare the predicted performances to the results of an actual experimentation on parallel hardware up to 384 cores. We show that the model is accurate and predicts performance close to the empirical data. Moreover, as we study different types of instances (random and crafted), we observe that the local search solvers exhibit different behaviors and that their runtime distributions can be approximated by two types of distributions: exponential (shifted and non-shifted) and lognormal.
On the stable model semantics for intensional functions
Authors: BARTHOLOMEW MICHAEL , LEE JOOHYUNG
Published: September 2013

Several extensions of the stable model semantics are available to describe ‘intensional’ functions—functions that can be described in terms of other functions and predicates by logic programs. Such functions are useful for expressing inertia and default behaviors of systems, and can be exploited for alleviating the grounding bottleneck involving functional fluents. However, the extensions were defined in different ways under different intuitions. In this paper we provide several reformulations of the extensions, and note that they are in fact closely related to each other and coincide on large syntactic classes of logic programs.
Trivial zeros of -adic -functions at near-central points
Authors: Benois Denis
Published: September 2013

Using the$\ell $-invariant constructed in our previous paper we prove a Mazur–Tate–Teitelbaum-style formula for derivatives of$p$-adic$L$-functions of modular forms at trivial zeros. The novelty of this result is to cover the near-central point case. In the central point case our formula coincides with the Mazur–Tate–Teitelbaum conjecture proved by Greenberg and Stevens and by Kato, Kurihara and Tsuji at the end of the 1990s.
German-Language Version of the Compensatory Health Belief Scale
Authors: Radtke Theda , Scholz Urte , Keller Roger , Perren Sonja , Hornung Rainer
Published: September 2013

This study constitutes the first psychometric examination of the German-language version of the Compensatory Health Belief (CHB) scale to assess the belief that unhealthy behavior can be compensated for by engaging in healthy behavior. Data from four different Swiss samples of 1,571 adolescents/students (age range 15 – 55 years), collected between 2007 and 2009, were used. Confirmatory factor analysis did not support either the hypothesized 4-factor structure or a second-order factor structure with a latent overall variable for the German-language CHB scale. These results support the inconsistent patterns of CHBs found across European cultures. Thus, the development of behavior-specific scales might be of advantage. Further recommendations for an improvement of the measurement of compensatory health beliefs are discussed.
Geschlechtsrollen-Selbstkonzept und Beeinträchtigung des psychischen Wohlbefindens bei jungen Frauen
Authors: Rohmann Elke , Bierhoff Hans-Werner
Published: September 2013

Frauen weisen eine deutlich erhöhte Anfälligkeit für Depression und Angst auf. Daher stellt sich die Frage, wie das Geschlechtsrollen-Selbstkonzept mit der Beeinträchtigung des psychischen Wohlbefindens zusammenhängt. Neben dem Geschlechtsrollen-Selbstkonzept (Instrumentalität, Expressivität, übermäßige Instrumentalität und übermäßige Expressivität) wurde die Beeinträchtigung des psychischen Wohlbefindens (Depression, Beschwerden, Zwangsverhalten und Neurotizismus) in der vorliegenden empirischen Studie berücksichtigt. Fragebögen wurden von 106 Frauen bearbeitet, die im Mittel 26 Jahre alt waren. Die Auswertung beruht auf Korrelationen, multiplen Regressionen und kanonischer Korrelationsanalyse. Die Ergebnisse unterstützen die vier Hypothesen: Übermäßige Expressivität und übermäßige Instrumentalität waren positiv mit der Beeinträchtigung des psychischen Wohlbefindens assoziiert, während sich Instrumentalität günstig auf das psychische Wohlbefinden auswirkte. Jedes dieser drei Selbstkonzeptmerkmale leistete einen unabhängigen Beitrag zur Erklärung der Varianz der Beeinträchtigung des psychischen Wohlbefindens. Außerdem kamen wir zu der Schlussfolgerung, dass Expressivität sich weder positiv noch negativ auf die Beeinträchtigung des psychischen Wohlbefindens auswirkte. Der Zusammenhang zwischen Geschlechtsrollen-Selbstkonzept und psychischem Leiden wurde durch eine signifikante kanonische Korrelation von .73 sehr gut beschrieben.
Stabilisieren sich Entlastung und Stressreduktion bei Angehörigen pathologischer Glücksspieler nach der Teilnahme am psychoedukativen Training ETAPPE?
Authors: Buchner Ursula Gisela , Koytek Annalena , Arnold Melanie , Gollrad Tanja , Wodarz Norbert
Published: September 2013

Angehörige problematischer und pathologischer Glücksspieler leiden unter sozialen, psychischen und ökonomischen Belastungen, die durch das Spielverhalten der Betroffenen entstehen. Sie benötigen daher dringend adäquate Unterstützung. Aus diesem Grund wurde das Entlastungstraining für Angehörige problematischer und pathologischer Glücksspieler–psychoedukativ (ETAPPE) als manualisiertes Gruppenangebot entwickelt. In der hier vorliegenden Untersuchung wurde die Nachhaltigkeit der in der Pilotstudie gezeigten positiven Effekte des Programms überprüft. Die Teilnehmenden wurden drei Monate nach Abschluss der Gruppen schriftlich zu ihrer subjektiven Belastetheit und ihrem Stresserleben befragt. Bei einem Rücklauf von 90.2 % zeigen sich, unter Berücksichtigung des explorativen Charakters der Untersuchung, positive Befunde: Die durch ETAPPE erreichte Reduktion der Belastetheit bleibt bestehen, der chronische Stress lässt sich weiter reduzieren. Daher lohnt es sich, diesen Ansatz zur Versorgung Angehöriger problematischer und pathologischer Glücksspieler weiter zu verfolgen.
Uncertain News
Authors: Liao Julie Qiuyan , Fielding Richard
Published: September 2013

Trust influences a range of human behaviors including health decision making. Over the past 60 years a significant industry has sprung up to influence public opinion and mobilize grassroots challenges against evidence-based threats to vested interests. Simultaneously, media reports of scientific fraud, misrepresentation, constantly changing “evidence” for health, and “hyped” predictions of disasters that were ultimately less significant amplify doubts about the reliability of scientific evidence and technology when hazards arise. This has contributed to the appearance of decay of trust in the veracity of scientific claims. Population responses during communicable disease epidemics illustrate these interacting processes that simultaneously create uncertainty and significant discomfort within communities. Research on the relative influences of formal versus informal information sources in driving protective behavior during recent influenza epidemics shows how both the uptake of everyday preventive practices such as hand hygiene, and specific health interventions, such as vaccination are affected by these processes. We review recent work on influenza-related personal preventive practices, with a particular focus on the shifting roles and utility of formal and informal sources in decision making among the public, and consider the implications within the context of prevailing levels of trust, uncertainty, and doubt surrounding health care recommendations.
Erratum: Community transcriptomic assembly reveals microbes that contribute to deep-sea carbon and nitrogen cycling
Authors: Baker Brett J , Sheik Cody S , Taylor Chris A , Jain Sunit , Bhasi Ashwini , Cavalcoli James D , Dick Gregory J
Published: September 2013

Correction to: The ISME Journal (2013) 7, 1962–1973; doi:10.1038/ismej.2013.85; published online 23 May 2013 Since the publication of this article, the authors have discovered several errors and brought them to the attention of the publisher. The main error concerns two instances (both on Page 2) inwhich ’ammonia oxidation’ has been incorrectly substituted with ‘annammox’.
Dissection of a Krox20 positive feedback loop driving cell fate choices in hindbrain patterning
Authors: Bouchoucha Yassine X , Reingruber Jürgen , Labalette Charlotte , Wassef Michel A , Thierion Elodie , Desmarquet‐Trin Dinh Carole , Holcman David , Gilardi‐Hebenstreit Pascale , Charnay Patrick
Published: September 2013

Although feedback loops are essential in development, their molecular implementation and precise functions remain elusive. Using enhancer knockout in mice, we demonstrate that a direct, positive autoregulatory loop amplifies and maintains the expression of Krox20, a transcription factor governing vertebrate hindbrain segmentation. By combining quantitative data collected in the zebrafish with biophysical modelling that accounts for the intrinsic stochastic molecular dynamics, we dissect the loop at the molecular level. We find that it underpins a bistable switch that turns a transient input signal into cell fate commitment, as we observe in single cell analyses. The stochasticity of the activation process leads to a graded input–output response until saturation is reached. Consequently, the duration and strength of the input signal controls the size of the hindbrain segments by modulating the distribution between the two cell fates. Moreover, segment formation is buffered from severe variations in input level. Finally, the progressive extinction of Krox20 expression involves a destabilization of the loop by repressor molecules. These mechanisms are of general significance for cell type specification and tissue patterning.
UV induced visual cues in grasses
Authors: Baby Sabulal , Johnson Anil John , Govindan Balaji , Lukose Sujith , Gopakumar Bhaskaran , Koshy Konnath Chacko
Published: September 2013

Grasses are traditionally considered as wind pollinated, however, field observations confirmed frequent insect visits to grass flowers, suggesting insect pollination. Fruit and seed predators inflict heavy losses to cereals and millets during their growth, maturation and storage. The actual factors guiding insects and predators to grass flowers, fruits and seeds are not clear. Here, we report attractive blue fluorescence emissions on grass floral parts such as glumes, lemma, palea, lodicules, staminal filaments, pollens and fruits in ultraviolet (UV) 366 nm, whereas the stigmatic portions were not blue, but red fluorescent. We characterized the blue fluorescent constituent in grass reproductive structures as ferulic acid (FA). Fluorescence spectra of blue-emitting grass floral, seed extracts and isolated FA on excitation at 366 nm showed their emissions at 420–460 nm. We propose these FA-based blue fluorescence emissions in grass reproductive structures as visual cues that attract pollinators, predators and even pests towards them.
Rescuing recombinant proteins by sequestration into the P22 VLP
Authors: Patterson Dustin P. , LaFrance Benjamin , Douglas Trevor
Published: September 2013

Catalytically active enzymes and proteins are rescued from inclusion body formation and rapidly purified by sequestration inside the P22 VLP.