bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subjective and objective sleep difficulties in women with fibromyalgia syndrome
Authors: Stuifbergen Alexa K. , Phillips Lorraine , Carter Pat , Morrison Janet , Todd Ana
Published: September 2010

Abstract  Purpose: To explore differences in demographic and illness‐related variables among women with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) with documented sleep problems and those without.

Data sources: As part of the baseline assessments for a larger intervention study, 104 women with FMS wore an actigraph and completed a sleep log for 72 hours. Participants also completed a baseline questionnaire and a physical exam to quantify the Tender Point Index.

Conclusions: Although almost half (44%) of the women rated their sleep as bad or fairly bad, only 22 of the 104 women (21%) had objective sleep deficits (less than 6 hours sleep duration). The women with objective sleep deficits had significantly higher pain scores on the tender point index, perceived their sleep as significantly worse, and reported significantly more depressive symptoms and more negative impact of FMS on functioning than those without deficits. Descriptive statements in the sleep logs revealed frequent problems with energy, fatigue, and functioning for women in the sleep deficits group.

Implications for practice: Sleep problems are a major concern among women with FMS. Those with concurrent depressive symptoms, high pain, and limited functioning may be candidates for in‐depth sleep assessment and behavioral programs to improve sleep.
Communautés de conflit : l’intersection entre global et local à Chypre
Authors: Barthel‐Bouchier Diane
Published: September 2010

L’île de Chypre est réputée pour ses sites du patrimoine, qui reflètent la superposition des cultures. Dans cet article, j’étudie l’impact du conflit durable entre les communautés turque et grecque sur l’interprétation du patrimoine. Je soutiens par ailleurs que la présence de deux communautés relativement nouvelles, c’est‐à‐dire une population coloniale européenne et une population de travailleurs migrants et réfugiés, complique une situation que les pressions écologiques menacent d’aggraver plus encore.
Les Sites de conscience : pour une nouvelle approche des conflits de mémoire
Authors: Sevcenko Liz
Published: September 2010

Malgré nos difficultés à l’accepter, le patrimoine est un domaine qui contribue à cristalliser les conflits de société. Cependant, au lieu d’aborder cette problématique en restant sur la défensive face aux critiques éventuelles, nous devons reconnaître que les sites du patrimoine ont la possibilité, avec les moyens spécifiques dont ils disposent, de contribuer activement au dialogue sur les grands problèmes de société. Cet article passe en revue les stratégies utilisées par les « Sites de conscience »– lieux de mémoire qui encouragent le dialogue sur les problèmes contemporains – afin d’aider un peu partout dans le monde les communautés de citoyens à aborder les questions qui les divisent.
Un conflit d’intérêts : l’exemple d’une tentative d’archéologie communautaire dans l’Arctique canadien
Authors: Griebel Brendan
Published: September 2010

Cette étude décrit l’évolution d’un programme communautaire mené sur le terrain pendant un an en vue de jeter un pont entre les approches méthodologiques et thématiques du passé propres à l’archéologie et les intérêts et les réalités sociales du peuple inuit. À travers une série d’ateliers pratiques organisés en partenariat avec la Kitikmeot Heritage Society de Cambridge Bay, elle montre comment une pratique archéologique moins étroite et plus soucieuse de s’adapter au contexte culturel permet à cette discipline de mieux explorer de nouvelles voies où l’interprétation de l’histoire associe scientifiques et autochtones.
Aux prises avec le passé : récits partagés et contestés en Irlande du Nord post‐conflit
Authors: Wing Leah
Published: September 2010

Cet article porte sur un projet de commémoration à Belfast‐ouest qui questionne les récits dominants par lesquels la violence d’État se soustrait aux interrogations, et qui exige que ces actes soient reconnus et réparés. Le circuit de mémoire propose un contre‐récit, en présentant des souvenirs qui contestent les constructions hégémoniques et expriment la nécessité de justice. La temporalité du circuit, ainsi que son insistance à donner à voir le conflit au lieu de lisser le passé, témoignent de son caractère novateur et nécessaire dans une société en transition.
Le patrimoine archéologique et la Guerre d’indépendance turque en Lydie centrale
Authors: Luke Christina
Published: September 2010

Ici sont présentées les recherches issues des cinq dernières saisons de l’Étude archéologique de la Lydie centrale. Je soutiens qu’il faudrait qu’un futur projet de gestion pour la Lydie centrale aborde le concept de préservation à partir d’une approche dynamique des paysages habités, dans une zone liminaire entre est et ouest. Je montre que la Lydie centrale a toujours eu une population multiethnique équilibrée. Ces paysages contestés suggèrent des manières innovantes de percevoir la multiplicité des récits historiques.
Relationships between Environmental Factors and Pathogenic Vibrios in the Northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Johnson C. N. , Flowers A. R. , Noriea N. F. , Zimmerman A. M. , Bowers J. C. , DePaola A. , Grimes D. J.
Published: September 2010

Although autochthonous vibrio densities are known to be influenced by water temperature and salinity, little is understood about other environmental factors associated with their abundance and distribution. Densities of culturable
Vibrio vulnificus
containing
vvh
(
V. vulnificus
hemolysin gene) and
V. parahaemolyticus
containing
tlh
(thermolabile hemolysin gene, ubiquitous in
V. parahaemolyticus
),
tdh
(thermostable direct hemolysin gene,
V. parahaemolyticus
pathogenicity factor), and
trh
(
tdh
-related hemolysin gene,
V. parahaemolyticus
pathogenicity factor) were measured in coastal waters of Mississippi and Alabama. Over a 19-month sampling period, vibrio densities in water, oysters, and sediment varied significantly with sea surface temperature (SST). On average,
tdh
-to-
tlh
ratios were significantly higher than
trh
-to-
tlh
ratios in water and oysters but not in sediment. Although
tlh
densities were lower than
vvh
densities in water and in oysters, the opposite was true in sediment. Regression analysis indicated that SST had a significant association with
vvh
and
tlh
densities in water and oysters, while salinity was significantly related to vibrio densities in the water column. Chlorophyll
a
levels in the water were correlated significantly with
vvh
in sediment and oysters and with pathogenic
V. parahaemolyticus
(
tdh
and
trh
) in the water column. Furthermore, turbidity was a significant predictor of
V. parahaemolyticus
density in all sample types (water, oyster, and sediment), and its role in predicting the risk of
V. parahaemolyticus
illness may be more important than previously realized. This study identified (i) culturable vibrios in winter sediment samples, (ii) niche-based differences in the abundance of vibrios, and (iii) predictive signatures resulting from correlations between environmental parameters and vibrio densities.
Detection of
Mycobacterium avium
subsp.
paratuberculosis
in Drinking Water and Biofilms by Quantitative PCR
Authors: Beumer Amy , King Dawn , Donohue Maura , Mistry Jatin , Covert Terry , Pfaller Stacy
Published: September 2010

It has been suggested that
Mycobacterium avium
subspecies
paratuberculosis
has a role in Crohn's disease. The organism may be acquired but is difficult to culture from the environment. We describe a quantitative PCR (qPCR) method to detect
M. avium
subsp.
paratuberculosis
in drinking water and the results of its application to drinking water and faucet biofilm samples collected in the United States.
Recent Emergence of Clonal Group O25b:K1:H4-B2-ST131
ibeA
Strains among
Escherichia coli
Poultry Isolates, Including CTX-M-9-Producing Strains, and Comparison with Clinical Human Isolates
Authors: Mora Azucena , Herrera Alexandra , Mamani Rosalia , López Cecilia , Alonso María Pilar , Blanco Jesús E. , Blanco Miguel , Dahbi Ghizlane , García-Garrote Fernando , Pita Julia María , Coira Amparo , Bernárdez María Isabel , Blanco Jorge
Published: September 2010

To discern the possible spread of the
Escherichia coli
O25b:H4-ST131 clonal group in poultry and the zoonotic potential of avian strains, we made a retrospective search of our strain collection and compared the findings for those strains with the findings for current strains. Thus, we have characterized a collection of 19 avian O25b:H4-ST131
E. coli
strains isolated from 1995 to 2010 which, interestingly, harbored the
ibeA
gene. Using this virulence gene as a criterion for selection, we compared those 19 avian strains with 33 human O25b:H4-ST131
ibeA
-positive
E. coli
strains obtained from patients with extraintestinal infections (1993 to 2009). All 52 O25b:H4-ST131
ibeA
-positive
E. coli
strains shared the
fimH
,
kpsMII
,
malX
, and
usp
genes but showed statistically significant differences in nine virulence factors, namely,
papGIII
,
cdtB
,
sat
, and
kpsMII
K5, which were associated with human strains, and
iroN
,
kpsMII
K1,
cvaC
,
iss
, and
tsh
, which were associated with strains of avian origin. The XbaI macrorestriction profiles of the 52
E. coli
O25b:H4-ST131
ibeA
-positive strains revealed 11 clusters (clusters I to XI) of >85% similarity, with four clusters including strains of human and avian origin. Cluster VII (90.9% similarity) grouped 10 strains (7 avian and 3 human strains) that mostly produced CTX-M-9 and that also shared the same virulence profile. Finally, we compared the macrorestriction profiles of the 12 CTX-M-9-producing O25b:H4-ST131
ibeA
strains (7 avian and 5 human strains) identified among the 52 strains with those of 15 human O25b:H4-ST131 CTX-M-14-, CTX-M-15-, and CTX-M-32-producing strains that proved to be negative for
ibeA
and showed that they clearly differed in the level of similarity from the CTX-M-9-producing strains. In conclusion,
E. coli
clonal group O25b:H4-ST131
ibeA
has recently emerged among avian isolates with the new acquisition of the K1 capsule antigen and includes CTX-M-9-producing strains. This clonal group represents a real zoonotic risk that has crossed the barrier between human and avian hosts.
Accuracy, Precision, and Method Detection Limits of Quantitative PCR for Airborne Bacteria and Fungi
Authors: Hospodsky Denina , Yamamoto Naomichi , Peccia Jordan
Published: September 2010

Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) for rapid and specific enumeration of microbial agents is finding increased use in aerosol science. The goal of this study was to determine qPCR accuracy, precision, and method detection limits (MDLs) within the context of indoor and ambient aerosol samples.
Escherichia coli
and
Bacillus atrophaeus
vegetative bacterial cells and
Aspergillus fumigatus
fungal spores loaded onto aerosol filters were considered. Efficiencies associated with recovery of DNA from aerosol filters were low, and excluding these efficiencies in quantitative analysis led to underestimating the true aerosol concentration by 10 to 24 times. Precision near detection limits ranged from a 28% to 79% coefficient of variation (COV) for the three test organisms, and the majority of this variation was due to instrument repeatability. Depending on the organism and sampling filter material, precision results suggest that qPCR is useful for determining dissimilarity between two samples only if the true differences are greater than 1.3 to 3.2 times (95% confidence level at
n
= 7 replicates). For MDLs, qPCR was able to produce a positive response with 99% confidence from the DNA of five
B. atrophaeus
cells and less than one
A. fumigatus
spore. Overall MDL values that included sample processing efficiencies ranged from 2,000 to 3,000
B. atrophaeus
cells per filter and 10 to 25
A. fumigatus
spores per filter. Applying the concepts of accuracy, precision, and MDL to qPCR aerosol measurements demonstrates that sample processing efficiencies must be accounted for in order to accurately estimate bioaerosol exposure, provides guidance on the necessary statistical rigor required to understand significant differences among separate aerosol samples, and prevents undetected (i.e., nonquantifiable) values for true aerosol concentrations that may be significant.
Analysis of the
Lactobacillus
Metabolic Pathway
Authors: Kuratsu Masahiro , Hamano Yoshimitsu , Dairi Tohru
Published: September 2010

We performed analyses of the phenotypic and genotypic relationships focusing on biosyntheses of amino acids, purine/pyrimidines, and cofactors in three
Lactobacillus
strains. We found that
Lactobacillus fermentum
IFO 3956 perhaps synthesized
para
-aminobenzoate (PABA), an intermediate of folic acid biosynthesis, by an alternative pathway.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Representative γ-Hexachlorocyclohexane-Degrading Bacterium
Sphingobium japonicum
UT26
Authors: Nagata Yuji , Ohtsubo Yoshiyuki , Endo Ryo , Ichikawa Natsuko , Ankai Akiho , Oguchi Akio , Fukui Shigehiro , Fujita Nobuyuki , Tsuda Masataka
Published: September 2010

Sphingobium japonicum
strain UT26 utilizes γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH), a man-made chlorinated pesticide that causes serious environmental problems due to its toxicity and long persistence, as a sole source of carbon and energy. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of UT26, which consists of two chromosomes and three plasmids. The 15
lin
genes involved in γ-HCH degradation are dispersed on the two chromosomes and one of the three plasmids.
Young Kuwaitis' views of the acceptability of physician-assisted suicide
Authors: Ahmed Ramadan A , Sorum Paul C , Mullet Etienne
Published: September 2010

Aim

To study the views of people in a largely Muslim country, Kuwait, of the acceptability of a life-ending action such as physician-assisted suicide (PAS).

Method

330 Kuwaiti university students judged the acceptability of PAS in 36 scenarios composed of all combinations of four factors: the patient's age (35, 60 or 85 years); the level of incurability of the illness (completely incurable vs extremely difficult to cure); the type of suffering (extreme physical pain or complete dependence) and the extent to which the patient requests a life-ending procedure, euthanasia or PAS (no request, some form of request, repeated requests). In all scenarios, the patients were women who were receiving the best possible care. The ratings were subjected to cluster analysis and analyses of variance.

Results

Five clusters were found. For 44%, PAS was always very unacceptable, no matter what the circumstances. For 23%, it was unacceptable, but less so if the patient was older or requested it repeatedly. For 16%, it was unacceptable if the patient was young but was acceptable if the patient was elderly. For 5%, it was unacceptable if the patient had extreme pain but was acceptable if completely dependent. For 11%, it was unacceptable if the patient did not request it but acceptable if she did.

Conclusion

The majority of the Kuwaiti university students opposed PAS either categorically or with a slight variation according to circumstances. Nonetheless, a minority approved of PAS in some cases, particularly when the patient was elderly.
Exposures in painting-related occupations and risk of lung cancer among men: results from two case–control studies in Montreal
Authors: Ramanakumar Agnihotram V , Parent Marie-Élise , Richardson Lesley , Siemiatycki Jack
Published: September 2010

Background

Evidence that painters may be at risk for lung cancer comes mainly from analyses on job titles rather than on specific exposures found in the environments of painters.

Methods

In the context of two large population-based case–control studies of lung cancer carried out in Montreal, we were able to assess possible relationships between lung cancer and the occupation of painter as well as exposure to paints, varnishes and stains. Interviews for study I were conducted in 1979–1986 (857 cases, 533 population controls, 1349 cancer controls) and interviews for study II were conducted in 1996–2001 (765 cases and 899 controls). Detailed lifetime job histories were elicited; a team of hygienists and chemists evaluated the evidence of exposure to many occupational substances including paint-related substances. The relative risk of lung cancer was estimated, adjusting for several potential confounders, including smoking, in a three-variable parameterisation.

Results

In analyses pooling the two studies, painters had an OR of lung cancer of 1.3 (95% CI 0.9 to 2.2). Regarding exposures, ORs were: for wood varnishes and stains, 1.6 (95% CI 1.0 to 2.3); for wood and gypsum paints, 1.3 (95% CI 0.9 to 1.7); and for metal coatings, 1.1 (95% CI 0.8 to 1.6). Small numbers hampered evaluation of dose–response relationships.

Conclusions

While our results cannot exclude chance or residual confounding by smoking or concomitant occupational exposures, they provide further evidence that some exposures in paint-related occupations, most notably wood varnishes and stains, increase the risk of lung cancer.
Logarithmic superposition of force response with rapid length changes in relaxed porcine airway smooth muscle
Authors: Ijpma G. , Al-Jumaily A. M. , Cairns S. P. , Sieck G. C.
Published: September 2010

We present a systematic quantitative analysis of power-law force relaxation and investigate logarithmic superposition of force response in relaxed porcine airway smooth muscle (ASM) strips in vitro. The term logarithmic superposition describes linear superposition on a logarithmic scale, which is equivalent to multiplication on a linear scale. Additionally, we examine whether the dynamic response of contracted and relaxed muscles is dominated by cross-bridge cycling or passive dynamics. The study shows the following main findings. For relaxed ASM, the force response to length steps of varying amplitude (0.25–4% of reference length, both lengthening and shortening) are well-fitted with power-law functions over several decades of time (10−2 to 103 s), and the force response after consecutive length changes is more accurately fitted assuming logarithmic superposition rather than linear superposition. Furthermore, for sinusoidal length oscillations in contracted and relaxed muscles, increasing the oscillation amplitude induces greater hysteresivity and asymmetry of force-length relationships, whereas increasing the frequency dampens hysteresivity but increases asymmetry. We conclude that logarithmic superposition is an important feature of relaxed ASM, which may facilitate a more accurate prediction of force responses in the continuous dynamic environment of the respiratory system. In addition, the single power-function response to length changes shows that the dynamics of cross-bridge cycling can be ignored in relaxed muscle. The similarity in response between relaxed and contracted states implies that the investigated passive dynamics play an important role in both states and should be taken into account.
Human mesenchymal stem cells suppress chronic airway inflammation in the murine ovalbumin asthma model
Authors: Bonfield Tracey L. , Koloze Mary , Lennon Donald P. , Zuchowski Brandon , Yang Sung Eun , Caplan Arnold I.
Published: September 2010

Allogeneic human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) introduced intravenously can have profound anti-inflammatory activity resulting in suppression of graft vs. host disease as well as regenerative events in the case of stroke, infarct, spinal cord injury, meniscus regeneration, tendinitis, acute renal failure, and heart disease in human and animal models of these diseases. hMSCs produce bioactive factors that provide molecular cuing for: 1) immunosuppression of T cells; 2) antiscarring; 3) angiogenesis; 4) antiapoptosis; and 5) regeneration (i.e., mitotic for host-derived progenitor cells). Studies have shown that hMSCs have profound effects on the immune system and are well-tolerated and therapeutically active in immunocompetent rodent models of multiple sclerosis and stroke. Furthermore, intravenous administration of MSCs results in pulmonary localization. Asthma is a major debilitating pulmonary disease that impacts in excess of 150 million people in the world with uncontrolled asthma potentially leading to death. In addition, the socioeconomic impact of asthma-associated illnesses at the pediatric and adult level are in the millions of dollars in healthcare costs and lost days of work. hMSCs may provide a viable multiaction therapeutic for this inflammatory lung disease by secreting bioactive factors or directing cellular activity. Our studies show the effectiveness and specificity of the hMSCs on decreasing chronic airway inflammation associated with the murine ovalbumin model of asthma. In addition, the results from these studies verify the in vivo immunoeffectiveness of hMSCs in rodents and support the potential therapeutic use of hMSCs for the treatment of airway inflammation associated with chronic asthma.
A Need for Change: The Romanian Supreme Court's Approach to 'Appeals in the Interest of Law'
Authors: Neagu Norel
Published: September 2010

This article deals with the possibility of changing the approach to appeals in the interest of law in Romania according to the relevant guidelines extracted from the case law of the European Court of Justice. It provides a comparative analysis of Romanian Supreme Court decisions with those of the European Court of Justice with respect to guiding principles versus a strict interpretation of written legislation. The author highlights a modern path for the Romanian Court to follow in light of the requirements of the twenty-first century.
Heterogeneous Thermo-oxidative Behavior of Multidirectional Laminated Composites
Authors: Tandon G.P. , Pochiraju K.V.
Published: September 2010

This article examines the through-the-thickness heterogeneity observed in oxidation profiles of composite laminates. The effect of ply angle on oxygen diffusivity and the influence of ply stacking sequence on oxidation behavior of isothermally aged multidirectional composites are discussed by correlating experimental observations and a three-dimensional oxidation model. Experimental observations of oxidation growth are made using dark-field optical microscopy, while damage initiation and growth is detected using fluorescence imaging with dye impregnation. Oxidation growth in laminated systems is simulated using a diffusion-reaction-conversion model developed earlier for resin oxidation along with homogenization techniques. Several stacking sequences of carbon fiber-reinforced polyimide composites are studied. The effects of the orthotropy in the diffusivity tensors of each ply and the influence of neighboring ply on oxidation growth are clearly illustrated. The simulation results presented in this article are valid till the onset of damage, beyond which coupling effects between oxidation growth and damage evolution have to be addressed.
Efficient and Cost-Effective Extraction of Genomic DNA From Formalin-Fixed and Paraffin-Embedded Tissues
Authors: Weiss A. Th. A. , Delcour N. M. , Meyer A. , Klopfleisch R.
Published: September 2010

Diagnostic and investigative molecular pathology frequently has to resort to extraction of DNA from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue samples. Although many different protocols are reported for this type of material, extraction of sufficient amounts of intact DNA is still challenging. Here, the authors report a reproducible, simple, cost-effective, and efficient protocol that yields up to 140 μg of DNA from approximately 10 to 15 mg of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue samples and compare it to available protocols. The protocol allows stable amplification of DNA fragments up to 600 bp in length in a wide variety of tissues.
Rats Susceptible to Virus-Induced Asthma Have a Persistent Virus-Induced Change in the Predominant Pulmonary Form of the NF-κB Inhibitor IκBα
Authors: Uhl E. W. , Clarke T. J. , Lester C. , Hogan R. J.
Published: September 2010

Weanling Brown Norway (BN) rats are susceptible to persistent steroid-responsive pulmonary abnormalities following resolution of an acute respiratory virus infection. In contrast, Fischer 344 (F344) rats recover without complications. Previous studies determined that NF-κB activation and subunit composition were markedly different between these 2 rat strains. This study examined whether viral infection also resulted in altered pulmonary expression of IκBα and IκBβ, 2 inhibitory regulators of NF-κB. Western blot analyses of total pulmonary protein extracted from BN and F344 rats at 7, 10, and 14 days after inoculation ( n = 5 per group) did not reveal virus-induced differences in IκBβ expression. In contrast, a lower molecular weight form of IκBα appeared in the BN rats at 14 days postinfection, and it was still present at 21 days after infection ( n = 5 per group). The change in IκBα expression observed in the susceptible BN but not the resistant F344 animals occurs when the epithelium is proliferating during the repair phase, and it correlates with the development of the persistent virus-induced airway inflammation and pulmonary functional abnormalities. These results further implicate differential regulation of NF-κB in the pathogenesis of virus-induced asthma.
Go or Stop? Divergent Roles of Reelin in Radial Neuronal Migration
Authors: Zhao Shanting , Frotscher Michael
Published: September 2010

Neuronal migration is an essential step of brain development and is controlled by a variety of cellular proteins and extracellular matrix molecules. Reelin, an extracellular matrix protein, is required for neuronal migration. Over the past 10 years, the Reelin signaling cascade has been studied intensively. However, the role of Reelin in neuronal migration has remained unclear. Different Reelin fragments and different Reelin receptors suggest multiple functions of Reelin. In this review, the authors focus on Reelin effects on the actin cytoskeleton of migrating neurons.
The Effect of an ‘‘Unsure’’ Option on Early Childhood Professionals’ Pre- and Post-Training Knowledge Assessments
Authors: Wakabayashi Tomoko , Guskin Karen
Published: September 2010

A total of 271 early childhood professionals completed pre- and post training knowledge assessments in True-False only (TF) or True-False with ‘‘unsure’’ option formats (TFU). In Study 1, only TFU format was used. In Study 2, participants were randomly assigned to TF or TFU formats. Responses which were initially ‘‘unsure’’ were more likely than confident responses to become ‘‘correct’’ at post test. Hence, teachable moments may be created when individuals acknowledge being unsure, and adding ‘‘unsure’’ to these tests may help identify such moments. The TFU format, in addition, better captured participants’ gains in knowledge, and helped identify three types of responses: confidently correct (correct at pretest and post test), confidently incorrect (incorrect at pretest and post test), and unsure-then-correct. The latter two responses may help target instructions. In sum, adding an ‘‘unsure’’ option may improve sensitivity of tests, and inform continuous quality improvement of early childhood professional development trainings.
A multidimensional approach to identity: Religious and cultural identity in young Jewish Canadians
Authors: Haji Reeshma , Lalonde Richard N. , Durbin Anna , Naveh-Benjamin Ilil
Published: September 2010

This study used an online questionnaire to explore the relations among different dimensions of religious and cultural Jewish identity in young Canadian adults ( N = 258). We investigated the extent to which three aspects of Jewish identity—religious identity, cultural identity, and identity salience— predicted openness to interfaith relationships and sociopolitical attitudes related to Israel. Results showed that compared to participants who self-identified as cultural Jews, those who self-identified as religious Jews or as both religious and cultural Jews scored higher on measures of cultural and religious identification. Moreover, relative to culturally identified Jews, religious and religious/cultural Jews were less open to interfaith relationships, endorsed more right-wing political attitudes with respect to Israel’s foreign policy, and reported that their Jewish identity was more salient than their Canadian identity in identity-relevant situations. Similarly, relative to Jews of other denominations, Orthodox Jews reported higher levels of Jewish identification, greater salience of their Jewish identity, and advocated more right-wing political views.
Disaster preparedness of families with young children in Hong Kong
Authors: Wai Man Fung Olivia , Yuen Loke Alice
Published: September 2010

Aims: The aims of this study were to explore the perception of disaster among the head of household mainly responsible for family matters of Hong Kong families with young children, and the extent of their preparedness for disasters. Background: Being prepared for disasters can minimize damage to our health, lives, and property. Families with young children are particularly vulnerable during disasters. Methods: A questionnaire was distributed to a convenience sample of families with young children in March and September in 2008. Results: A total of 198 out of 220 questionnaires distributed to heads of households were collected and analyzed for this study. Most of the householders (94.4%) considered the SARS outbreak in Hong Kong in 2003 to have been a disaster. They considered that the disastrous events most likely to occur in Hong Kong were infectious disease outbreaks (96.5%) and major transport accidents (94.4%). In preparing for unexpected events, these families reported having stocked up on ‘‘young children’s necessities’’ (82.8%, 73.7%) and ‘‘medications’’ (82.8%, 60.1%) sufficient for three and seven days respectively. These families also kept a flashlight with adequate batteries (74.7%), extra blankets (69.2%), and a first aid kit (60.6%) at home for safety. They reported ‘‘panic buying’’ for necessities during previous typhoon strikes (68.2%) and infectious disease outbreaks (46.0%). Only 9.1% considered themselves adequately prepared for disasters (9.1%). Conclusions: Although the families with young children in this study are prepared for disaster to some extent, their preparedness is still considered grossly inadequate and in need of public attention.
Attitudes of Jordanian nursing students towards nursing research
Authors: Halabi Jehad O. , Hamdan-Mansour Ayman
Published: September 2010

Attitudes towards research are significant indictors that connect practice to research and enhance nursing evidence-based practice. This correlational study was conducted to assess the attitudes of Jordanian nursing students towards nursing research. A self-administered questionnaire received from 612 senior nursing students at one of the largest universities in Amman, Jordan, was carried out. The results showed that nursing students had positive attitudes towards research. The majority of them believed that research has a role in developing the nursing profession, and that nurses must learn how to read and utilise research findings in practice. The majority also realised the value of research in improving quality of care, expressed the need to learn about nursing research, appreciated the necessity of research for the development of the nursing profession and had a willingness to conduct nursing research in clinical settings. Four attitude domains were identified, including research abilities, usefulness of research, personal interest in research and using research in clinical practice. The highest scores were observed on items related to ‘usefulness of research’ and the lowest were related to ‘research abilities’. Providing students with information and strengthening their research abilities might enhance their positive feelings and increase their involvement in research activities after graduation.
A 12-Year Long-Term Retrospective Analysis of the Use of Radiofrequency Nerve Ablation for the Treatment of Neurogenic Heel Pain
Authors: Cozzarelli John , Sollitto Ronald J. , Thapar Jyotsna , Caponigro John
Published: September 2010

The authors discuss their rationale for the use of radiofrequency nerve ablation (RFNA) in the treatment of chronic neurogenic heel pain. Patients treated for plantar fasciitis who fail to improve after conservative and/ or surgical treatment should be reevaluated for a coexistent nerve entrapment. The results of a retrospective study of 82 patients who have undergone RFNA are presented. The patients were followed at 5, 10, and 12 years after the procedure. An evaluation of medical records was performed as a means of inclusion in this study. A standardized telephone interview was then done, and subjectively scored responses of the patients were recorded and analyzed. Of the patients, 89% reported no recurrence of pain after 5, 10, and 12 years postoperatively. The procedure is relatively easy to perform and involves inserting a 22-gauge cannula with an electrode into the areas of pain. This is done under general anesthesia. It takes approximately 15 to 20 minutes per heel to perform, depending on how many sites of tenderness have been identified. The patient is discharged with a minimal bandage and returns to shoe gear immediately following the procedure. The success rate with RFNA appears to be quite high with fewer associated risks and less post-operative morbidity
Specificity and kinetics of 23S rRNA modification enzymes RlmH and RluD
Authors: Ero Rya , Leppik Margus , Liiv Aivar , Remme Jaanus
Published: September 2010

Along the ribosome assembly pathway, various ribosomal RNA processing and modification reactions take place. Stem–loop 69 in the large subunit of Escherichia coli ribosomes plays a substantial role in ribosome functioning. It contains three highly conserved pseudouridines synthesized by pseudouridine synthase RluD. One of the pseudouridines is further methylated by RlmH. In this paper we show that RlmH has unique substrate specificity among rRNA modification enzymes. It preferentially methylates pseudouridine and less efficiently uridine. Furthermore, RlmH is the only known modification enzyme that is specific to 70S ribosomes. Kinetic parameters determined for RlmH are the following: The apparent KM for substrate 70S ribosomes is 0.51 ± 0.06 μM, and for cofactor S-adenosyl-L-methionine 27 ± 3 μM; the kcat values are 4.95 ± 1.10 min−1 and 6.4 ± 1.3 min−1, respectively. Knowledge of the substrate specificity and the kinetic parameters of RlmH made it possible to determine the kinetic parameters for RluD as well. The KM value for substrate 50S subunits is 0.98 ± 0.18 μM and the kcat value is 1.97 ± 0.46 min−1. RluD is the first rRNA pseudouridine synthase to be kinetically characterized. The determined rates of RluD- and RlmH-directed modifications of 23S rRNA are compatible with the rate of 50S assembly in vivo. The fact that RlmH requires 30S subunits demonstrates the dependence of 50S subunit maturation on the simultaneous presence of 30S subunits.
Theodore of Mopsuestia's Understanding of Two Hypostaseis and Two Prosōpa Coinciding in One Common Prosōpon
Authors: McLeod Frederick G.
Published: September 2010

The present article discusses how Theodore of Mopsuestia expresses in his own words the unity of Christ as God and man. Theodore was unable to use the term hypostasis as expressing the unity of Christ's natures because it suggested Apollinaris's novel understanding of the term as connoting the organic unity of the "one incarnate nature of the divine Word." Theodore believed that the best way to express what the New Testament reveals about Christ being God and man is to describe this union as being that of two prosōpa coinciding in "one common prosōpon ." We begin first with brief summaries of Theodore's basic principles for determining what is the revealed meaning of a scriptural text and of the general meanings of the terms prosōpon and hypostasis . We will then examine how Theodore understands the term prosōpon and the phrase "one common prosōpon " in three key christological texts. In Phil 2.5-11, Theodore explains in terms of a prosopic union how Christ has descended from heaven and returned there as the morphai of God and man. His commentaries on John 10.30 ("We are one, the Father and I") and on Rom 7.21 where Paul speaks of one "ego" acting in spiritual and bodily ways further enlarge our understanding of Theodore's thought. By likening the union of the soul and its body to that of Christ's divine and human natures, Theodore offers insight into how he sees Christ Jesus' "ego" serving as the ultimate prosopic source of all his unified acts but having to operate with and in his natures as their proximate prosopic causes. The paper concludes with an assessment of Theodore's Christology.
La Drive, le marronnage: Présentation d’un mode d’errance insulaire et créole
Authors: Mangerel Caroline
Published: September 2010

Le marronnage et la drive sont deux phénomènes qui, propres chacun à des époques bien distinctes, concordent cependant géographiquement. Ce sont des manifestations d’une même réalité de la sphère créole qui naissent d’une appréhension du territoire ne pouvant survenir qu’en terre créole, et en particulier sur une île. Ainsi peut-on parler, pour ces deux expériences, d’un seul mode d’errance — ou de cheminement — créole, et même insulaire. Cet essai explore le marronnage comme pratique de l’espace et, dans cette perspective, son rapport à la drive, notion décrite par de nombreux auteurs créoles, notamment Raphaël Confiant et Patrick Chamoiseau. Traces indélébiles d’événements historiques, dispositifs de narration, thèmes de prédilection des littératures antillaises contemporaines, le marronnage et la drive se rejoignent dans l’imaginaire pour dire les lieux atemporels de l’errance créole.
The Kaleidoscope of Writing on Hip-Hop Culture
Authors: Woldu Gail Hilson
Published: September 2010

At the beginning of the second decade of the twenty-first century, writing about hip-hop is at an interesting crossroads. On the one hand, we continue to see a wealth of fine academic writing published by scholars in fields as diverse as cultural studies, musicology, and women's studies; on the other, we have noticed a dramatic decline in the quality of popular writing about hip-hop, much of which has succumbed to crude street language in an attempt to increase readership. This kaleidoscope, by turns overly pedantic and gratuitously coarse, creates a conundrum as hip-hop struggles to define—and redefine—itself. This article distinguishes three categories of writing about hip-hop—works by academics, works by journalists and cultural critics, and works by hip-hop's devotees—and discusses a handful of significant publications written between 1988 and 2008. This twenty-year written history of hip-hop is considered through a variety of lenses, with the hope that the various points of view might illuminate new directions for hip-hop's chronicled future.
Enfermeiros e a família do portador de transtorno mental
Authors: Moreno Vania
Published: September 2010

É um estudo de natureza qualitativa, que teve por objetivo conhecer como os enfermeiros que atuam em saúde mental obtiveram conhecimentos sobre a família durante sua formação acadêmica, visualizam a mesma em sua prática cotidiana e como deveria ser a formação profissional considerando a família no cenário da assistência. Utilizou-se como instrumento de coleta de dados a entrevista semiestruturada. Foram entrevistados seis enfermeiros. A análise dados permitiu construir três categorias temáticas: A formação acadêmica e profissional - a ausência da temática família; a visão dos enfermeiros sobre a família do portador de sofrimento psíquico e um novo olhar sobre a família o papel do ensino. Os enfermeiros obtiveram poucos conhecimentos durante a graduação sobre a temática família; no cotidiano institucional, valorizam a família como participante do cuidado e indicam que a necessidade do conteúdo sobre família esteja alicerçada no caráter interdisciplinar.
O analfabetismo no brasil sob enfoque demográfico
Authors: Souza Marcelo Medeiros Coelho de
Published: September 2010

O artigo discute algumas relações entre dinâmica demográfica e nível educacional da população a partir do indicador taxa de analfabetismo. Demonstra-se que a evolução das taxas totais de analfabetismo no tempo depende tanto da estrutura etária da população quanto da capacidade do sistema de ensino de alfabetizar indivíduos em todas as idades. Com base na análise de projeções das taxas futuras de analfabetismo até 2020 conclui-se que a velocidade atual de crescimento da alfabetização total é baixa e que seu aumento depende de medidas relacionas à educação de jovens e adultos.
Paradigmas Contemporâneos de Educação: Escola Tradicional e Escola Construtivista
Authors: Leão Denise Maria Maciel
Published: September 2010

O texto procura demonstrar as principais características dos paradigmas de educação da atualidade - a Escola Tradicional e a Escola Construtivista - a partir da análise dos aspectos filosóficos, epistemológicos, teóricos e metodológicos de cada tipo de escola. Também faz uma crítica de ambos os paradigmas levando em consideração os aspectos mais marcantes do ensino tradicional e do ensino construtivista.
Experimentos de campo em comportamento prosocial: sexo, densidade e grupo cultural
Authors: Pilati Ronaldo , Iglesias Fabio , Lima Bárbara Requião de , de Simone Carolina Vieira
Published: September 2010

A civilidade é um comportamento prosocial³ regulado por normas sociais tácitas. No entanto, poucos estudos dedicaram-se aos fatores determinantes da civilidade em contextos urbanos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi testar a influência do sexo, da densidade de transeuntes e da categorização social sobre a civilidade. Foram realizados três experimentos de campo que emularam situações sociais corriqueiras. Os resultados indicaram frequência de ajuda geral superior a 65%. O Estudo 1 indicou a influência do sexo do experimentador e da densidade de transeuntes sobre a civilidade. Os estudos 2 e 3 não forneceram evidências para a hipótese de um favoritismo endogrupo, tal como previsto por teorias de identidade social. Discutem-se as implicações teóricas e práticas desses resultados para a civilidade.
Classificações interativas: o caso do Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade infantil
Authors: Brzozowski Fabíola Stolf , Brzozowski Jerzy André , Caponi Sandra
Published: September 2010

O filósofo da ciência Ian Hacking diz que nosso mundo é um mundo de classificações e que essas classificações têm efeitos particulares quando se referem a comportamentos de pessoas. Neste trabalho, pretende-se discutir como o diagnóstico do Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade (TDAH) infantil pode funcionar como uma classificação e, assim, afetar o comportamento das crianças diagnosticadas. Inicialmente, é realizada uma discussão sobre a função das classificações na ciência. A partir dessas considerações, um modelo mais geral sobre a interação entre classificações e classificados é proposto, tendo como base a distinção de Ian Hacking entre tipos indiferentes e tipos interativos, e também a noção de efeito de arco proposta por esse autor. Por fim, o modelo é aplicado ao TDAH, onde são realizadas considerações relacionadas às noções de controle social de Peter Conrad.
Borboletas (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea e Hesperioidea) ocorrentes em diferentes ambientes na Floresta Ombrófila Mista e nos Campos de Cima da Serra do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Iserhard Cristiano Agra , Quadros Marina Todeschini de , Romanowski Helena Piccoli , Mendonça Jr. Milton de Souza
Published: September 2010

Com o intuito de contribuir para o conhecimento das borboletas da Floresta Ombrófila Mista e Campos de Cima da Serra do Rio Grande do Sul foi elaborada uma listagem de espécies da assembléia de borboletas da Floresta Nacional de São Francisco de Paula e entorno. Foram realizadas saídas bimestrais de março de 2006 a maio de 2008 sendo selecionados seis ambientes: (i) mata nativa de Araucaria angustifolia, (ii) mata nativa mesclada com reflorestamento de Araucaria angustifolia, (iii) reflorestamento de Araucaria angustifolia de mata aberta, (iv) reflorestamento de Araucaria angustifolia de mata fechada, (v) reflorestamento de Pinus e (vi) campo de altitude nativo. Após 674 horas-rede de amostragem foram registradas 277 espécies e subespécies de borboletas, distribuídas em 9661 indivíduos, pertencentes a seis famílias, sendo destas 139 novos registros para esta região dos Campos de Cima da Serra, 13 novas ocorrências para o estado e seis espécies raras ou indicadoras de ambiente preservado.
Espécies novas de Chromatonotus Hebard, 1920 (Blattellidae, Blattellinae) do Brasil
Authors: Lopes Sonia Maria , Khouri Andréa
Published: September 2010

Duas espécies novas de Chromatonotus são descritas (Ch. caruaruensis e Ch. stylosus) e ilustradas baseadas em exemplares machos dos Estados de Pernambuco e Amazonas, respectivamente. Essas espécies distinguem-se das outras espécies do gênero pela configuração das estruturas genitais e a coloração da cabeça e pronoto.
Novo registro para Litopeltis Hebard, 1920 no Brasil e descrição de duas espécies novas (Blaberidae, Epilamprinae)
Authors: Lopes Sonia Maria , Oliveira Edivar Heeren de
Published: September 2010

Neste trabalho é assinalado o novo registro e a descrição de duas espécies novas de Litopeltis para o Brasil: L. paineirense sp. nov e L. ribeiropretano sp. nov., as quais são similares à L. bispinosa (Saussure, 1893) e diferenciam-se por caracteres de morfologia de genitália.
A new species of Neocordulia Selys, 1882 (Odonata: Corduliidae) from Minas Gerais State, Brazil
Authors: Santos Tatiana Chrysostomo , Costa Janira Martins , Carriço César
Published: September 2010

A new species of Neocordulia is described and illustrated based on a reared male, collected at Cachoeira da Eubisose stream, São Tomé das Letras, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The Holotype is deposited in the Museu Nacional, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Fauna de Campopleginae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) em hortas orgânicas em Araraquara e São Carlos, SP, Brasil
Authors: Sandonato Diogo Loibel , Onody Helena Carolina , Penteado-Dias Angélica Maria
Published: September 2010

Fauna de Campopleginae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) em hortas orgânicas em Araraquara e São Carlos, SP, Brasil. De março de 2006 a fevereiro 2007 foram realizadas doze amostragens utilizando armadilhas Malaise em cada uma das três áreas de cultivos orgânicos estudadas. Um total de 1773 espécimes foram identificados em dez gêneros de Campopleginae: Campoctonus Viereck, 1912, Campoletis Föster, 1869, Casinaria Holmgren, 1859, Charops Holmgren, 1859, Cryptophion Viereck, 1913, Diadegma Föster, 1869, Dusona Cameron, 1900, Hyposoter Förster, 1869, Microcharops Roman, 1910 e Venturia Schrottky, 1902. A riqueza e diversidade de gêneros foram semelhantes nos locais amostrados. Verificou-se baixa uniformidade, sendo Campoletis, Venturia e Casinaria os gêneros mais comuns e abundantes.
A new Brazilian species of Psychoda Latreille, 1796 (Diptera, Psychodidae) collected in a bromeliad
Authors: Bravo Freddy , Lopes Priscila Silva , Bastos Scheilla
Published: September 2010

A new species of Psychoda Latreille is described from Brazil. It is the first species of the genus to be collected in a bromeliad. The number of known Psychoda species from Brazil has increased to seven with this description of Psychoda romeroi sp. nov.