bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hexanuclear Niobium Cluster Complex Anions with Acetato Ligands on Intramolecular Bridging Sites: [Nb6Cli4(OAc)i8Cla6]2– and [Nb6(OAc)i12Cla6]2–
Authors: König Jonas , Köckerling Martin
Published: June 2020

From the reaction of [Nb6Cl14(H2O)4]·4H2O with acetic anhydride in the presence of an excess of (nBu4N)F the novel cluster compounds (nBu4N)2[Nb6Cli4(OAc)i8Cla6] (1) and (nBu4N)2[Nb6(OAc)i12Cla6] (2) (OAc = acetato ligand) are obtained. They are the first examples of hexanuclear niobium cluster compounds with acetato ligands on the inner sites of the metal atom octahedron. The crucial role of the presence of fluoride ions in the synthesis is discussed. Each acetato ligand bridges in a μ2‐η1‐fashion with one O atom an edge of the metal atom octahedron. The monoclinic crystals of 1 consist of discrete (nBu4N)+ cations and [Nb6Cli4(OAc)i8Cla6]2– cluster anions. They are oxidized by two electrons with respect to the cluster starting material. Besides the syntheses of 1 and 2, the structure of 1 and spectral properties of both compounds are reported.
Path and the Standards of Rural School Consolidation in China Since 2000
Authors: Wu Zhihui
Published: June 2020

The one-child policy implemented by governments in China since 1971 and the large-scale migration of people from the countryside to cities since the 1980s have led to a natural reduction in number and space flow of school-aged children in the countryside. This has compelled education departments to promote a larger scale of rural school closure and consolidation. Closure and consolidation of rural primary and middle schools in China exhibit the following macro features. First, the scale of rural school closure and consolidation was the largest in the first 10 years of the twenty-first century (or 2000–2010). From 1976 to 2016, approximately 946,100 compulsory schools including primary and middle schools disappeared. A total of 386,500 schools among them were shut down between 2000 and 2016, accounting for 41% of the total number of schools that disappeared in the past 40 years. On average, approximately 66 schools disappeared every day. Moreover, from 2000 to 2010, the decrease in the number of schools was the highest (about 304,100 schools), and approximately 83 schools were closed every day on average. Second, school consolidation has primarily occurred in rural areas since 2000. A total of 357,000 compulsory schools that disappeared after 2000 were rural schools, accounting for 92.36% of the total number (about 386,500 schools). Approximately 61 compulsory schools in the countryside were shut down every day. Third, rural primary schools were the main target of school consolidation. A total of 333,900 primary schools in rural areas were closed, accounting for 93.53% of the total decreasing number of rural schools (about 357,000) and 86.39% of the total decreasing number of schools in urban and rural areas. Why did rural schools disappear rapidly after 2000? What is the development trend? What are the standards for rural school closure and consolidation in China? These are the research questions to be addressed in the chapter.
Subject in Education for the Twenty-First Century: A Discursive Analysis of the Impacts of PISA in Brazil
Authors: Mascia Márcia Aparecida Amador
Published: June 2020

This chapter explores the external assessment production of subjects in education for the twenty-first century. It argues that the external assessment, PISA, is establishing a “new” regime of truth regarding subjects in education that will be understood as discursive practices of tension between success and failure. The corpus consists of the discourses that are related to the documents of PISA on the website of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), and on the website of the Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (INEP) in Brazil. The methodological framework is the Post-critical perspective within Discourse Analysis and Foucault’s genealogical studies. The findings of the analysis point to the production of a future generation, conceived as global citizen and transformed into scientific objects by PISA whose truth can be told in numbers which give the illusion of transparency. In relation to Brazil, what PISA does is only giving international visibility to the problems we already know, and it does not give a solution.
Imagining School as Standards-Driven and Students as Career-Ready! A Comparative Genealogy of US Federal and European Transnational Turns in Education Policy
Authors: Krejsler John Benedicto
Published: June 2020

This chapter maps in a comparative perspective the complex genealogies of the US federal and the European transnational turns in school and education policy. It maps how particular truth regimes of comparability were gradually produced, which discursively linked school and education to the performance of the economy by means of discursive imaginaries and associated ideas about optimization of human capital. Hereby, discourse about the purpose of school and education and what counts as public good were fundamentally transformed. It identifies the driving discursive force at work on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean in the form of Knowledge Economy discourse. This discourse motivates by telling the story about fierce global competition where a nation and a region will fall behind if it does not optimize its human capital, that is, produce “employable” or “career-ready” subjects for the economy.

The chapter aims at identifying the genealogies of the new relationships between federal and state levels in the United States as well as the more recently created relationships between transnational organizations (the OECD, EU, and the Bologna Process in particular) and European nation states in relation to school and education. In both cases, the federal and transnational levels have traditionally mainly dealt with economic cooperation, whereas school and education have until recently been issues that were taken care of in the United States by the state and in Europe at nation state level.

Consequently, imaginaries about school, education, and their purpose are increasingly negotiated according to a format of comparability in and between the United States and Europe, as national economies become increasingly interconnected in so-called global Knowledge Economies. This format has brought about a proliferation of power technologies, parameters, and procedures by which these two globally influential regions mutually compare and rank their constituent member subjects (i.e., states and nation states) in order to determine who is in the lead and who is lagging behind internally, as well as who is the most successful among the two regions.

The chapter mainly draws on Foucauldian and post-Foucauldian theoretical approaches with a focus upon genealogy, discourse, and governmentality.
The Idea of the University and Its Specters: On the Ghostly Return of the “Excluded”
Authors: Friedrich Daniel S.
Published: June 2020

In this essay, I use the tools provided by “The Spectral Turn” to flip the Idea of the University implied in Derrida’s The University Without Condition. The goal will be to reconsider the ways in which the exclusions embedded in the unconditional university specter its own project. A different reading of the university’s project through a problematization of exclusion/inclusion may hopefully lead to rethinking the mission of the university to come.

In order to anchor the text, I will refer to the policies that framed the foundation of a recent batch of public universities in Argentina. These institutions have the particularity of having been created with the explicit purpose of including those traditionally excluded from higher education, by being located in geographical areas with high poverty rates, providing high-quality free education, and rethinking their academic offering to match the needs of the surrounding communities.

Throughout this chapter, I will argue that while these new universities have upended the notion of higher education as a public good, the new institutions are spectered by several ghosts, highlighting the fact that every effort to differentiate the new from the old re-inscribes the difficulty, and perhaps the impossibility, of the new. As the excluded haunt a project of inclusion, they highlight the limitation of policies that focus exclusively on presence.
Complex Langevin analysis of the spontaneous breaking of 10D rotational symmetry in the Euclidean IKKT matrix model
Authors: Anagnostopoulos Konstantinos N. , Azuma Takehiro , Ito Yuta , Nishimura Jun , Okubo Toshiyuki , Papadoudis Stratos Kovalkov
Published: June 2020

Abstract

The IKKT matrix model is a promising candidate for a nonperturbative formulation of superstring theory. In this model, spacetime is conjectured to emerge dynamically from the microscopic matrix degrees of freedom in the large-N limit. Indeed in the Lorentzian version, Monte Carlo studies suggested the emergence of (3+1)-dimensional expanding spacetime. Here we study the Euclidean version instead, and investigate an alternative scenario for dynamical compactification of extra dimensions via the spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) of 10D rotational symmetry. We perform numerical simulations based on the complex Langevin method (CLM) in order to avoid a severe sign problem. Furthermore, in order to avoid the singular-drift problem in the CLM, we deform the model and determine the SSB pattern as we vary the deformation parameter. From these results, we conclude that the original model has an SO(3) symmetric vacuum, which is consistent with previous results obtained by the Gaussian expansion method (GEM). We also apply the GEM to the deformed matrix model and find consistency with the results obtained by the CLM.
Heavy quarkonia in a bulk viscous medium
Authors: Thakur Lata , Haque Najmul , Hirono Yuji
Published: June 2020

Abstract

We study the properties of heavy quarkonia in a quark gluon plasma in the presence of bulk viscous effects. Within the hard thermal loop approximation at one-loop, the dielectric permittivity of a quark gluon plasma is computed, where the bulk viscous effect enters through the deformation of the distribution functions of thermal quarks and gluons. Based on the modified dielectric permittivity, we compute the in-medium heavy quark potential, that includes non-pertubative string-like terms as well as the perturbative Coulombic term. We discuss how the bulk viscous effect modify the real and imaginary parts of the in-medium potential. Several prescriptions are examined as to how to include the string-like non-perturbative potentials. Using the deformed potential, we compute the wave functions, binding energies, and decay widths of heavy quarkonia in a bulk viscous medium, and study their sensitivity to the strength of the bulk viscous effect. An estimate of the melting temperatures is given.
Biopsychosoziales Betreuungskonzept für Kinder mit X‑chromosomaler Hypophosphatämie (XLH)
Authors: Schnabel Dirk
Published: June 2020

Patienten mit einer schweren, seltenen und komplexen Erkrankung benötigen das multiprofessionelle biopsychosoziale Betreuungskonzept eines Sozialpädiatrischen Zentrums für chronisch kranke Kinder und Jugendliche. Am Beispiel der Multiorganerkrankung X‑chromosomale Hypophosphatämie (XLH), der häufigsten angeborenen Rachitisform, wird das Betreuungskonzept dargestellt.

Der Erkrankung liegen inaktivierende Mutationen im „Phosphate-regulating gene with Homologies to Endopeptidases on the X‑chromosome“(PHEX)-Gen zugrunde, die zu einer vermehrten Synthese und Sekretion des Fibroblastenwachstumsfaktors 23 (FGF23) führen. FGF23 hat eine wichtige Funktion in der Phosphathomöostase. Durch die hohen FGF23-Konzentrationen kommt es über den renalen Phosphatverlust zur schweren Hypophosphatämie mit der Folge erheblicher Mineralisationsstörungen des Skelettsystems und der Zähne. Stand bis vor Kurzem nur eine konventionelle medikamentöse Therapie aus Phosphat und aktivem Vitamin D zur Verfügung, so ist nun mit dem neutralisierenden FGF23-Antikörper eine gezielte Therapie der Erkrankung möglich. Das multiprofessionelle Betreuungskonzept umfasst zahlreiche ärztliche Spezialisten und ein psychosoziales Team. Ziel der Betreuung ist es, den Patienten mit ihrer schweren chronischen Erkrankung eine altersentsprechende Partizipation ohne größere Teilhabestörung zu ermöglichen. Die Fortsetzung der Betreuung im Erwachsenenalter muss durch eine implementierte Transition sichergestellt werden.
Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry for the direct analysis of glyphosate: method development and application to beer beverages and environmental studies
Authors: Wimmer Benedikt , Pattky Martin , Zada Leyla Gulu , Meixner Martin , Haderlein Stefan B. , Zimmermann Hans-Peter , Huhn Carolin
Published: June 2020

In this study, we developed and validated a CE-TOF-MS method for the quantification of glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine) and its major degradation product aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in different samples including beer, media from toxicological analysis with Daphnia magna, and sorption experiments. Using a background electrolyte (BGE) of very low pH, where glyphosate is still negatively charged but many matrix components become neutral or protonated, a very high separation selectivity was reached. The presence of inorganic salts in the sample was advantageous with regard to preconcentration via transient isotachophoresis. The advantages of our new method are the following: no derivatization is needed, high separation selectivity and thus matrix tolerance, speed of analysis, limits of detection suitable for many applications in food and environmental science, negligible disturbance by metal chelation. LODs for glyphosate were < 5 μg/L for both aqueous and beer samples, the linear range in aqueous samples was 5–3000 μg/L, for beer samples 10–3000 μg/L. For AMPA, LODs were 3.3 and 30.6 μg/L, and the linear range 10–3000 μg/L and 50–3000 μg/L, for aqueous and beer samples, respectively. Recoveries in beer samples for glyphosate were 94.3–110.7% and for AMPA 80.2–100.4%. We analyzed 12 German and 2 Danish beer samples. Quantification of glyphosate and AMPA was possible using isotopically labeled standards without enrichment, purification, or dilution, only degassing and filtration were required for sample preparation. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of the method for other strong acids, relevant in food and environmental sciences such as N-acetyl glyphosate, N-acetyl AMPA (present in some glyphosate resistant crop), trifluoroacetic acid, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, glufosinate and its degradation product 3-(methylphosphinico)propionic acid, oxamic acid, and others.
Financial Risk Protection and Hospital Admission for Trauma in Cameroon: An Analysis of the Cameroon National Trauma Registry
Authors: Shah Pooja A. , Christie S. Ariane , Motwani Girish , Dissak‐Delon Fanny Nadia , Mefire Alain Chichom , Mekolo David , Ngono Gertrude Mete , Dicker Rochelle , Etoundi Georges Alain‐Mballa , Juillard Catherine
Published: June 2020

Background

Half of the global population is at risk for catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) in the event that they require surgery. Universal health coverage fundamentally requires protection from CHE, particularly in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). Financial risk protection reports in LMICs covering surgical care are limited. We explored the relationship between financial risk protection and hospital admission among injured patients in Cameroon to understand the role of health insurance in addressing unmet need for surgery in LMICs.

Methods

The Cameroon National Trauma Registry, a database of all injured patients presenting to the emergency departments (ED) of three Cameroonian hospitals, was retrospectively reviewed between 2015 and 2017. Multivariate regression analysis identified predictors of hospital admission after injury and of patient report of cost inhibiting their care.

Results

Of the 7603 injured patients, 95.7% paid out‐of‐pocket to finance ED care. Less than two percent (1.42%) utilized private insurance, and more than half (54.7%) reported that cost inhibited their care. In multivariate analysis, private insurance coverage was a predictor of hospital admission (OR 2.17, 95% CI: 1.26, 3.74) and decreased likelihood of cost inhibiting care (OR 0.34, 95% CI: 0.20, 0.60) when compared to individuals paying out‐of‐pocket.

Conclusion

The prevalence of out‐of‐pocket spending among injured patients in Cameroon highlights the need for financial risk protection that encompasses surgical care. Patients with private insurance were more likely to be admitted to the hospital, and less likely to report that cost inhibited care, supporting private health insurance as a potential financing strategy.
Incorrect sleeping position and eye rubbing in patients with unilateral or highly asymmetric keratoconus: a case-control study
Authors: Mazharian Adrien , Panthier Christophe , Courtin Romain , Jung Camille , Rampat Radhika , Saad Alain , Gatinel Damien
Published: June 2020

Purpose

To evaluate eye rubbing and sleeping position in patients with Unilateral or Highly Asymmetric Keratoconus (UHAKC).

Methods

Case-control study of consecutive UHAKC patients diagnosed at the Rothschild Foundation. Controls were age- and sex-matched, randomly selected refractive surgery clinic patients. Patients self-administered questionnaires regarding their family history of keratoconus, eye rubbing, and sleeping habits. All the eyes underwent a comprehensive ocular examination. Logistic regression was used to analyze univariate and multivariate data to identify risk factors for keratoconus.

Results

Thirty-three UHAKC patients and 64 controls were included. Univariate analyses showed that daytime eye rubbing [OR = 172.78], in the morning [OR = 24.3], or in eyes with the steepest keratometry [OR = 21.7] were significantly different between groups. Allergy [OR = 2.94], red eyes in the morning [OR = 6.36], and sleeping on stomach/sides [OR = 14.31] or on the same side as the steepest keratometry [OR = 94.72] were also significantly different. The multivariate model also showed statistical significance for most factors including daytime eye rubbing [OR = 134.96], in the morning [OR = 24.86], in the steepest eye [OR = 27.56], and sleeping on stomach/sides [OR = 65.02] or on the steepest side [OR = 144.02]. A univariate analysis in UHAKC group, comparing the worse and better eye, showed that eye rubbing [OR = 162.14] and sleeping position [OR = 99.74] were significantly (p < 0.001) associated with the worse eye.

Conclusion

Our data suggests that vigorous eye rubbing and incorrect sleeping position are associated with UHAKC. This is especially true in rubbing the most afflicted eye, and contributory sleep position, including positions placing pressure on the eye with the steepest keratometry.
Optimale Auslegung von getriebelosen, permanentmagneterregten Windgeneratoren mit Zahnspulenwicklung und massivem Rotorjoch
Authors: Erd Nicolas , Binder Andreas
Published: June 2020

Getriebelose Windgeneratoren mit Zahnspulen und massivem Rotorjoch sowie der Möglichkeit zum Weiterbetrieb bei teilweisem Umrichterausfall stellen eine besondere Herausforderung in der Auslegung dar. Zunächst wird untersucht, welche Zahnspulenwicklungen im Hinblick auf die zulässigen Rotorverluste geeignet sind. Nachdem entsprechende Wicklungsvarianten gefunden sind, wird die Maschinengeometrie optimiert. Dabei wird das Optimierungspotenzial, welches in den kurzen Wickelköpfen der Zahnspulenmaschine liegt, berücksichtigt. Nach der Optimierung erfolgt eine Nachrechnung der Verlustbilanz und eine Auswertung der magnetischen Geräuschanregung mithilfe von transienten, nichtlinearen Finite-Elemente-Simulationen.
Medial-tonsillar telovelar approach for resection of a superior medullary velum cerebral cavernous malformation: anatomical and tractography study of the surgical approach and functional implications
Authors: Brogna Christian , Lavrador José Pedro , Kandeel Hussein Shaaban , Beyh Ahmad , Ribas Eduardo C. , Vergani Francesco , Tolias Christos M.
Published: June 2020

Background

Superior medullary velum cerebral cavernous malformations pose a challenge in terms of appropriate microsurgical approach. Safe access to this deep location as well as preservation of surrounding anatomical structures, in particular the superior cerebellar peduncle just lateral to the superior medullary velum and the dentate nuclei, is paramount to achieve a good functional outcome.

Methods

Cadaveric dissections provide useful knowledge of the normal anatomy while tractography allows a better understanding of the individual anatomy in the presence of a lesion. The medial-tonsillar telovelar approach provides a feasible corridor for accessing superior velum cerebral cavernous malformations without compromising the fibres contained in the superior cerebellar peduncle. The major cerebellar efferents—cerebello-rubral, cerebello-thalamic and cerebello-vestibular tracts—and afferents, anterior spinocerebellar, tectocerebellar and trigeminocerebellar tracts, within the superior cerebellar peduncle are preserved, and the dentate nuclei are not affected.

Results and conclusion

A retraction-free exposure through this natural posterior fossa corridor allows the patient with the anatomical and functional subtract to make a good functional recovery by minimizing the risk of a superior cerebellar syndrome, ataxia, tremor and dysmetria; decomposition of movement in the ipsilateral extremities, nystagmus and hypotonia; or akinetic mutism, reduced or absent speech with onset within the first post-operative week.
Sensitivity of simulated climate over the MENA region related to different land surface schemes in the WRF model
Authors: Constantinidou Katiana , Hadjinicolaou Panos , Zittis George , Lelieveld Jos
Published: June 2020

The effects of different land surface scheme (LSS) implementations on the simulated climate of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) have been investigated with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) regional model. Six simulations were carried out using four different LSSs (Noah, NoahMP, CLM, RUC) for the period 2000–2010, driven by ERA-Interim meteorological reanalyses at a horizontal resolution of 50 km. Deviations of key surface climate variables, radiation, and turbulent fluxes from the different LSS runs are presented relative to the default Noah scheme. The simulated annual mean climate variables in the MENA (indicating uncertainty) range from 0.7 to 2.4 ∘C for air temperature, 2.0 to 3.4 ∘C for land temperature, and 5 to 25 mm/month (54–65%) for precipitation. The Noah scheme deviates less than − 1 W/m2 from the domain-wide surface energy balance and the NoahMP less than − 2 W/m2, while for CLM and RUC the deviation is 3–4 W/m2. Considering the differences among the surface energy balance from the various LSSs compared to the reference Noah, a surface climate response is calculated, and average LSS-induced climate sensitivity is derived for the air (and land) temperature of 0.1 ∘C per W/m2 and − 6 mm per W/m2 for precipitation. The LSS-induced range in the modelled climate is of similar magnitude to the climate change projection estimates for the region, which highlights the importance of carefully selecting a land surface scheme in the regional climate simulations.
K-Ras prenylation as a potential anticancer target
Authors: Baranyi Marcell , Buday László , Hegedűs Balázs
Published: June 2020

KRAS is one of the most commonly mutated oncogene and a negative predictive factor for a number of targeted therapies. Therefore, the development of targeting strategies against mutant KRAS is urgently needed. One potential strategy involves disruption of K-Ras membrane localization, which is necessary for its proper function. In this review, we summarize the current data about the importance of membrane-anchorage of K-Ras and provide a critical evaluation of this targeting paradigm focusing mainly on prenylation inhibition. Additionally, we performed a RAS mutation-specific analysis of prenylation-related drug sensitivity data from a publicly available database (https://depmap.org/repurposing/) of three classes of prenylation inhibitors: statins, N-bisphosphonates, and farnesyl-transferase inhibitors. We observed significant differences in sensitivity to N-bisphosphonates and farnesyl-transferase inhibitors depending on KRAS mutational status and tissue of origin. These observations emphasize the importance of factors affecting efficacy of prenylation inhibition, like distinct features of different KRAS mutations, tissue-specific mutational patterns, K-Ras turnover, and changes in regulation of prenylation process. Finally, we enlist the factors that might be responsible for the large discrepancy between the outcomes in preclinical and clinical studies including methodological pitfalls, the incomplete understanding of K-Ras protein turnover, and the variation of KRAS dependency in KRAS mutant tumors.
The Influence of Reaction Conditions on the Oxidation of Cyclohexane via the In-Situ Production of H2O2
Authors: Crombie Caitlin M. , Lewis Richard J. , Kovačič Dávid , Morgan David J. , Davies Thomas E. , Edwards Jennifer. K. , Skjøth-Rasmussen Martin Skov , Hutchings Graham J.
Published: June 2020

The oxidation of cyclohexane via the in-situ production of H2O2 from molecular H2 and O2 offers an attractive route to the current industrial means of producing cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol (KA oil), both key materials in the production of Nylon. Herein we demonstrate that through the in-situ production of H2O2 supported AuPd nanoparticles catalyse the formation of KA oil under conditions where activity is limited when using molecular O2, with no loss in catalytic activity observed upon re-use. The effect of key reaction parameters, including reaction temperature, catalyst mass and H2:O2 ratio are evaluated.

Graphic Abstract
Development of novel human in vitro vascularized adipose tissue model with functional macrophages
Authors: Huttala Outi , Sarkanen Jertta-Riina , Mannerström Marika , Toimela Tarja , Heinonen Tuula , Ylikomi Timo
Published: June 2020

Inflammation has been proven significant factor in development of type 2 diabetes. So far, most of the adipose tissue related research has been performed in animals, mainly rodent models. The relevance of translation of animal results to humans is questionable. However, in vitro model with relevant human cell source, such as human adipose tissue stromal cells (hASC), can be developed and should be utilized for human adipose tissue research. We developed in vitro models of human adipose tissue utilizing hASC, endothelial cells and monocytes/macrophages. By isolating endothelial cells and macrophages from same adipose tissue as hASC, we were able to provide method for constructing personalized models of adipose tissue. With these models, we studied the effect of macrophages on adipogenesis and protein secretion, with and without vasculature. The models were analyzed for immunocytochemical markers, cell number, triglyceride accumulation and protein secretion. We found that lipid accumulation was greater in adipocytes in the presence of macrophages. Interferon gamma increased this difference between adipocyte culture and Adipocyte–Macrophage co-culture. Protein secretion was affected more by macrophages when vasculature was not present compared to the mild effect when vasculature was present. The vascularized adipose model with macrophages is valuable tool for human adipose tissue research, especially for the personalized medicine approaches; for choosing the right treatments and for studying rare medical conditions.
The effect of providing learning analytics on student behaviour and performance in programming: a randomised controlled experiment
Authors: Hellings Jan , Haelermans Carla
Published: June 2020

We use a randomised experiment to study the effect of offering half of 556 freshman students a learning analytics dashboard and a weekly email with a link to their dashboard, on student behaviour in the online environment and final exam performance. The dashboard shows their online progress in the learning management systems, their predicted chance of passing, their predicted grade and their online intermediate performance compared with the total cohort. The email with dashboard access, as well as dashboard use, has positive effects on student behaviour in the online environment, but no effects are found on student performance in the final exam of the programming course. However, we do find differential effects by specialisation and student characteristics.
Higher Education Marketization: a Case of Language and Colliding Interests
Authors: Karlsson Tom S. , Karlsson Susanna
Published: June 2020

This article examines how market interests and state regulations come into play as policy makers engage in establishing language primacy within higher education (HE). More specifically, the focus concerns issues of internationalization within a multi-lingual context, manifested in language policies (LP). LPs are constructed in order to sort out which language to give primacy. Findings demonstrate how HE is balancing between invoking markets obfuscated through internationalization whilst simultaneously restricting market effects through state regulations. The promulgation of certain languages supports and weakens market and state interests. This article contributes to research and practice in HE, presenting future obstacles and challenges.
Analysis of the Impact of Thermochemical Recuperation of Waste Heat on the Energy Efficiency of Gas Carriers
Authors: Cherednichenko Oleksandr , Mitienkova Vira
Published: June 2020

Enlarging the fleet of gas carriers would make it possible to respond to the growing demand for hydrocarbon gases, but it will increase carbon dioxide emissions. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has developed the energy efficiency design index (EEDI) with the objective of carbon emission reduction for new ships. In this paper, thirty gas carriers transporting liquefied natural gas (LNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and equipped with various types of main engines are considered. As shown by the calculation of the attained EEDI, 2 of the 13 LPG carriers and 6 of the 17 LNG carriers under study do not comply with the EEDI requirements. To meet the stringent EEDI requirements, applying thermochemical regenerators (TCRs) fed by main engine exhaust gases is suggested. Mathematical modeling is applied to analyze the characteristics of the combined gas-turbine-electric and diesel-electric power plant with thermochemical recuperation of the exhaust gas heat. Utilizing TCR on gas carriers with engines fueled by syngas produced from boil-off gas (BOG) reduces the carbon content by 35% and provides the energy efficiency required by IMO without the use of other technologies.
The effect of prophylactic surgery in survival and HRQoL in appendiceal NEN
Authors: Alexandraki Krystallenia I. , Kaltsas Gregory , Grozinsky-Glasberg Simona , Oleinikov Kira , Kos-Kudła Beata , Kogut Angelika , Srirajaskanthan Rajaventhan , Pizanias Michail , Poulia Kalliopi-Anna , Ferreira Clara , Weickert Martin O. , Daskalakis Kosmas
Published: June 2020

Background/aims

Long-term outcomes are understudied in patients with well-differentiated appendiceal neuroendocrine neoplasms (WD-ANENs). We aimed to evaluate the validity of currently applied criteria for completion prophylactic right hemicolectomy (pRHC) and determine its association with patient outcomes, including health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Methods

Eligible patients from five European referral centers were divided between those who underwent appendectomy alone and those who underwent completion pRHC. HRQoL EORTC-QLC-C30 questionnaires and cross-sectional imaging data were prospectively collected. Age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited for HRQoL analysis’ validation.

Results

We included 166 patients (119 women [71.2%]: mean age at baseline: 31 ± 16 years). Mean follow-up was 50.9 ± 54 months. Most patients (152 [92%]) had tumors ≤20 mm in size. Fifty-eight patients (34.9%) underwent pRHC that in final analysis was regarded as an overtreatment in 38/58 (65.5%). In multivariable analysis, tumor size >20 mm was the only independent predictor for lymph node (LN) involvement (p = 0.002). No mortality was reported, whereas 2-, 5- and 10-year recurrence-free survival in patients subjected to postoperative cross-sectional imaging (n = 136) was 98.5%, 97.8%, and 97.8%, respectively. Global HRQoL was not significantly impaired in patients with WD-ANEN compared with age- and sex-matched healthy individuals (median scores 0.83[0.08−1] vs 0.83[0.4−1], respectively; p = 0.929). Among patients with WD-ANEN impaired social functioning (p = 0.016), diarrhea (p = 0.003) and financial difficulties (0.024) were more frequently reported in the pRHC group.

Conclusions

WD-ANEN is a low-malignant neoplasm with unconfirmed associated mortality, low recurrence rate, and overall preserved HRQoL. pRHC comes at a price of excessive surgery, functional HRQoL issues, and diarrhea. The value per se of a prophylactic surgical approach to patients with WD-ANENs <20 mm is challenged.
Kognitive Funktionen von Gesten beim mathematischen Arbeiten
Authors: Salle Alexander , Krause Christina
Published: June 2020

In den letzten Jahren rücken Gesten und ihre Rolle für das Lehren und Lernen von Mathematik vermehrt in den Fokus der mathematikdidaktischen Forschung. Dabei werden vor allem die sozialen Aspekte der Gestennutzung untersucht, wie beispielsweise ihre Bedeutung für die Konstruktion von Wissen in sozialen Interaktionen, Arten der Repräsentation von Gesten sowie die Auswirkung der Gesten von Lehrenden. Wenig hingegen ist bekannt über die kognitiven Funktionen, die Gesten beim mathematischen Lernen für einzelne Lernende erfüllen. Um besser zu verstehen, auf welche Weise Gesten zu mathematischen Lernprozessen beitragen können, wird in diesem Beitrag eine Theorie aus der Psychologie für mathematische Lern- und Denkprozesse adaptiert, nach der die vier kognitiven Funktionen des Aktivierens, Manipulierens, Strukturierens und Explorierens unterschieden werden. Um das Potential dieser sogenannten Gesture-for-Conceptualization Hypothesis für das Verständnis kognitiver Prozesse im Kontext der Mathematik zu untersuchen, werden Daten aus zwei Studien gemeinsam analysiert, in denen sich Studierende mit Lösungsbeispielen und Problemen aus dem Bereich der Trigonometrie auseinandersetzen und dabei laut denken. In den Analysen zeigt sich, dass sich bestimmte kognitive Funktionen vermehrt in typischen mathematischen Situationen wiederfinden. Konkret wird dies an exemplarischen Fällen zur Verifikation von Hypothesen, Situationen des funktionalen Denkens und bei der Nutzung spezifischer Darstellungen expliziert.
Emotions and the Problem of Variability
Authors: Loaiza Juan R.
Published: June 2020

In the last decades there has been a great controversy about the scientific status of emotion categories. This controversy stems from the idea that emotions are heterogeneous phenomena, which precludes classifying them under a common kind. In this article, I analyze this claim—which I call the Variability Thesis—and argue that as it stands, it is problematically underdefined. To show this, I examine a recent formulation of the thesis as offered by Scarantino (2015). On one hand, I raise some issues regarding the logical structure of the claim. On the other hand, and most importantly, I show that the Variability Thesis requires a consensus about what counts as a relevant pattern of response in different domains, a consensus that is lacking in the current literature. This makes it difficult to assess what counts as evidence for or against this thesis. As a result, arguments based on the Variability Thesis are unwarranted. This raises serious concerns about some current empirical theories of emotions, but also sheds light on the issue of the scientific status of emotion categories.
Support for Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients—a Systematic Review
Authors: Bochenek-Cibor Justyna , Górecka Magdalena , Storman Dawid , Bała Małgorzata M.
Published: June 2020

Our study objective was to evaluate existing evidence on different types of support received by metastatic breast cancer patients as well as the need for support expressed by such patients. We searched Medline and EMBASE up to January 2019 for survey studies that aimed to assess any type of support among women of any age, with metastatic breast cancer diagnosis. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts, then full texts of retrieved records against inclusion/exclusion criteria, and extracted the data and assessed the quality of included studies with AXIS tool. From a total of 2876 abstracts, we selected 100 potentially eligible full-text articles, and finally, we included 12 records reporting on 11 studies. Due to the variability of methods used to measure and define support, it was not possible to quantitatively synthesize data; therefore, we synthesized them narratively. The quality of the included studies was moderate. We found that most patients are satisfied with the received psychosocial, emotional, informational, and medical support. In the analysis of any support received from a certain type of group of people, we found that the majority of patients reported receiving sufficient support from their family, friends, and healthcare providers. Ten studies showed a high need for informational support. If asked about the need for psychosocial, medical, and sexual support, women also declared the need for such support. Our review revealed that the patients generally receive support from their community but they express high need for information and treatment choice. PROSPERO CRD42019127496
Morphometric analysis for prioritizing sub-watersheds and management planning and practices in Gidabo Basin, Southern Rift Valley of Ethiopia
Authors: Abdeta Gadisa Chimdesa , Tesemma Azene Bekele , Tura Abiyot Legesse , Atlabachew Getahun Haile
Published: June 2020

Characterization and prioritization of watersheds has gained importance for proper planning and management of natural resources in sustainable development. Implementation of management practices over a larger area at the same time is inaccessible and uneconomical. So, it has required applying a viable technique for prioritization of critical sub-watersheds. Thus, the present study was aimed to prioritizing erosion-prone sub-watersheds using morphometric analysis. Advanced space-borne thermal emission and reflection radiometer of 30m resolution DEM has used to generate drainage networks and delineation of sub-watersheds using ArcGIS software. The important derived morphometric parameters have computed on the base of already developed mathematical formulae and methods. The study area (a watershed) has classified into seven interesting sub-watersheds, which have ordered SW1–SW7. The very important quantitative watershed aspects such as linear, relief and areal have been taken in consideration, and eighteen morphometric parameters have been selected and used for ranking and prioritizing of sub-watersheds. In this regard, sub-watersheds (SW7, SW3 and SW4) and (SW5, SW6 and SW2) have categorized into higher and medium priorities, whereas sub-watershed (SW1) has assigned at lower priority. This implied that SW1 is relatively sustainable than others, on the contrary, SW7 is relatively affected sub-watershed by runoff and soil erosion that needs first priority for management practices. Therefore, the study proposes a useful soil and water conservation practices such as bunds, check dams, micro-basins and multipurpose tree species planting based on suitable location and design parameters. The decision makers should optimally allocate the investments according to this final priority. And it has required to monitor and evaluate due to environmental sound, economical viable and socially acceptable. Also it has required developing an integrated approach for characterizing and prioritizing of sub-watersheds.
Miniature Fiber-Optic Magnetic Field Sensor Based on Ampere Force and Fiber Laser
Authors: Cheng Weiren , Luo Tianming , Cheng Linghao , Liang Hao , Guan Bai-ou
Published: June 2020

A compact fiber-optic magnetic field sensor is proposed by packaging an orthogonal dual-frequency fiber grating laser and a copper wire with alternating electrical current together inside epoxy resin. The alternating current generates Ampere force in a magnetic field, which changes the birefringence of the fiber laser and hence tunes the frequency of the beat signal after photodetection. The magnetic field magnitude can then be detected by measuring the frequency change of the beat signal. The sensitivity of the sensor can be tuned with a maximum response of 35.21 kHz/kGs demonstrated. Moreover, the sensor shows good immunity to environment interference.
The Emergence of Educational Hypogamy in India
Authors: Lin Zhiyong , Desai Sonalde , Chen Feinian
Published: June 2020

With rising education among women across the world, educational hypergamy (women marrying men with higher education) has decreased over the last few decades in both developed and developing countries. Although a decrease in hypergamy is often accompanied by increasing homogamy (women marrying men with equal levels of education), our analyses for India based on a nationally representative survey of India (the India Human Development Survey), document a considerable rise in hypogamy (women marrying partners with lower education) during the past four decades. Log-linear analyses further reveal that declining hypergamy is largely generated by the rise in education levels, whereas hypogamous marriages continue to increase even after marginal distributions are taken into account. Further multivariate analyses show that highly educated women tend to marry men with lower education but from more privileged families. Moreover, consanguineous marriages, which exemplify strong cultural constraints on spousal selection in certain parts of India, are more likely to be hypogamous than marriages not related by blood. We argue that the rise in hypogamous marriage by education paradoxically reflects deep-rooted gender scripts in India given that other salient social boundaries are much more difficult to cross.
Assessing falls risk and associated factors among urban community dwellers older adults in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia 2019: A cross sectional study
Authors: Bekele Gezahegn Tekletsadik , Allene Mengesha Dessie , Getnet Moges Gashaw , Hunegnaw Melkamu Tamir , Janakiraman Balamurugan
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:

Falls are the major public health problems among older adults of age 65 years and older. The risk of falling in the elderly is a combined result of multiple factors that can be from intrinsic or extrinsic in its origin. In Ethiopia, there is no study done to assess the falls risk status among older adults.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to assess the magnitude of falls risk and its associated factors in urban community dwellers older adults.

Methods:

A community based cross sectional study was conducted from April 22 to May 22, 2019. A multistage stratified systematic random sampling was used to select 607 community older adults using a pre validated questionnaire. Falls risk among older adults was assessed by Timed Up and Go Test. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with falls. Variables with a p-value less than 0.2 in the bivariable analyses were fitted with the multivariable analysis.

Results:

A total of 607 urban community dwellers older adults were participated in this study. The overall magnitude of falls risk among urban community dwellers older adults was 38.2% (95% CI 34.3–42.3). Female participants were more likely to have falls risk (AOR = 8.2, 95%CI 4.2, 16.1). Foot problem and lower extremity were increased the risk of falling by (AOR = 2.4, 95%CI 1.4–4.3) and (AOR = 28.4, 95%CI15.22–52.95) respectively. Using diabetic control drug was found a protective factor of falls risk. Depressive symptoms were found increased the chance of falling in older adults (AOR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.01–3.24). Older adults with a habit of using assistive device increased the risk of falling by 2.56 (AOR = 2.56, 95%CI 1.3–5.2).

Conclusions and recommendation:

The overall incidence of failing risk among urban community dwellers older adults aged 60 years and older is higher compared with most studies conducted in the world. Older age 60 years and older, being female, medical comorbidity with foot problem and lower extremity weakness, using diabetic controlling drug, depression and using assistive device were identified as risk factors for falling.

Highlights:
Naltrexone in Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder: A Feasibility Study of Twenty Men
Authors: Savard Josephine , Öberg Katarina Görts , Chatzittofis Andreas , Dhejne Cecilia , Arver Stefan , Jokinen Jussi
Published: June 2020

Background

Compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) is a common disorder affecting different areas of life, although studies focusing on pharmacological treatment are sparse.

Aim

To investigate whether the opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone is feasible and tolerable and can provide symptom reduction in CSBD.

Methods

Twenty men aged 27–60 years (mean = 38.8 years, standard deviation = 10.3) with CSBD seeking treatment in an outpatient nonforensic clinic received four weeks of naltrexone 25–50 mg. Measurements were made before, during, and four weeks after treatment.

Outcomes

The self-assessment Hypersexual Disorder: Current Assessment Scale (HD: CAS) score was the primary outcome measure, and secondary outcomes were the Hypersexual Behavior Inventory (HBI) score, reported adverse effects, adherence to treatment, and dropouts.

Results

There was significant decrease on both HD: CAS and HBI scores during treatment with naltrexone. Even though some of the effects remained after treatment, the increased scores on HD: CAS indicated worsening of CSBD symptoms. The most reported side effects were fatigue (55%), nausea (30%), vertigo (30%), and abdominal pain (30%). However, there were no serious adverse effects leading to discontinuation of naltrexone.

Clinical Implications

Despite side effects being common, naltrexone seems to be feasible in the treatment of CSBD.

Strengths & Limitations

Being the first nonforensic prospective trial on naltrexone in CSBD, this study provides novel insights on a pharmacological intervention. However, owing to the small sample size and the lack of a control group, conclusions of effectiveness should be interpreted with caution.

Conclusion

Naltrexone is feasible and tolerable and may reduce symptoms of CSBD; nevertheless, future studies should ensure a randomized controlled procedure to evaluate possible effectiveness.
GÖDEL’S SECOND INCOMPLETENESS THEOREM: HOW IT IS DERIVED AND WHAT IT DELIVERS
Authors: SALEHI SAEED
Published: June 2020

The proofs of Gödel (1931), Rosser (1936), Kleene (first 1936 and second 1950), Chaitin (1970), and Boolos (1989) for the first incompleteness theorem are compared with each other, especially from the viewpoint of the second incompleteness theorem. It is shown that Gödel’s (first incompleteness theorem) and Kleene’s first theorems are equivalent with the second incompleteness theorem, Rosser’s and Kleene’s second theorems do deliver the second incompleteness theorem, and Boolos’ theorem is derived from the second incompleteness theorem in the standard way. It is also shown that none of Rosser’s, Kleene’s second, or Boolos’ theorems is equivalent with the second incompleteness theorem, and Chaitin’s incompleteness theorem neither delivers nor is derived from the second incompleteness theorem. We compare (the strength of) these six proofs with one another.