bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulating the Transition from Shallow to Deep Convection across Scales: The Role of Congestus Clouds
Authors: Champouillon Aude , Rio Catherine , Couvreux Fleur
Published: October 2023

An idealized case of gradual oceanic transition from shallow to deep convection is simulated at three different horizontal resolutions: one that resolves most of the turbulent eddies, one typical of cloud-resolving models, and one typical of general circulation models. The former serves as a reference and allows the identification of clouds as individual objects, distinguishing shallow cumulus, congestus, and cumulonimbus. At coarser resolutions, parameterizations of convection are included and assessed, with a particular focus on congestus clouds and precipitation associated with shallow convective clouds. Congestus clouds are found to contribute the most to turbulent transport during the transition, while occupying a volume comparable to shallow cumulus and cumulonimbus. Kilometer-scale horizontal resolutions prove to be insufficient to resolve congestus, and parameterization schemes of shallow and deep convection are not necessarily appropriate to represent those intermediate clouds. The representation of rainfall in the shallow convection scheme plays a key role in the transition. Sensitivity experiments show that enhanced rainfall inhibits convection in single-column simulations, while it favors resolved convection and spatial heterogeneities in three-dimensional simulations with kilometer-scale resolution. Results highlight the need for an appropriate parameterization of congestus in both kilometer-scale and large-scale models. The case study and the methods presented here are proposed as a useful framework to evaluate models and their parameterizations in a shallow-to-deep convection transition context.
A Bayesian Approach to Atmospheric Circulation Regime Assignment
Authors: Falkena Swinda K. J. , de Wiljes Jana , Weisheimer Antje , Shepherd Theodore G.
Published: October 2023

The standard approach when studying atmospheric circulation regimes and their dynamics is to use a hard regime assignment, where each atmospheric state is assigned to the regime it is closest to in distance. However, this may not always be the most appropriate approach as the regime assignment may be affected by small deviations in the distance to the regimes due to noise. To mitigate this we develop a sequential probabilistic regime assignment using Bayes’s theorem, which can be applied to previously defined regimes and implemented in real time as new data become available. Bayes’s theorem tells us that the probability of being in a regime given the data can be determined by combining climatological likelihood with prior information. The regime probabilities at time t can be used to inform the prior probabilities at time t + 1, which are then used to sequentially update the regime probabilities. We apply this approach to both reanalysis data and a seasonal hindcast ensemble incorporating knowledge of the transition probabilities between regimes. Furthermore, making use of the signal present within the ensemble to better inform the prior probabilities allows for identifying more pronounced interannual variability. The signal within the interannual variability of wintertime North Atlantic circulation regimes is assessed using both a categorical and regression approach, with the strongest signals found during very strong El Niño years.

Significance Statement

Atmospheric circulation regimes are recurrent and persistent patterns that characterize the atmospheric circulation on time scales of 1–3 weeks. They are relevant for predictability on these time scales as mediators of weather. In this study we propose a novel approach to assigning atmospheric states to six predefined wintertime circulation regimes over the North Atlantic and Europe, which can be applied in real time. This approach introduces a probabilistic, instead of deterministic, regime assignment and uses prior knowledge on the regime dynamics. It allows us to better identify the regime persistence and indicates when a state does not clearly belong to one regime. Making use of an ensemble of model simulations, we can identify more pronounced interannual variability by using the full ensemble to inform prior knowledge on the regimes.
Improving the impact resistance and damage tolerance of fibre reinforced composites: A review
Authors: Dalfi Hussein K , Jan Khayale , Yousaf Zeshan , Peerzada Mazhar
Published: October 2023

As the use of composite laminates are unceasingly increasing more and more in many applications, the in-depth understanding about the impact response of composite laminates in certain areas like sport, aerospace and automotive has gained more attention of the designers and scientists over the last two decades. The authors have focused to review the impact properties of fibre reinforced composites particularly impact damage tolerance. Impact resistance, damage tolerance, composite failure and methods of assessing damage tolerance are presented. Furthermore, the approaches for improving damage tolerance such as fibre architectures resin system, and hybridisation using either yarn hybridisation or hybrid layers are discussed. In the end, a survey of modelling the impact damage of laminated composites is made by considering the inter-laminar and intra-laminar failures as key point for evaluating the response of laminates under impact loading.
Investigating the transient angle in a unidirectional composite in tension and compression
Authors: Shahrokhi Mohammad , Ghafari Mohammad Mosa , Safarabadi Majid
Published: October 2023

In unidirectional composite laminates, when there is a slight deviation between fiber and load-applying direction, the failure mode in tensile and compression will be changed from fiber breakage and buckling, respectively, and will be turned to matrix cracking. The transient angle is the angle of misalignment between fiber and load-applying direction, in which the strength properties of the composite will sharply and considerably decrease due to the change of failure mode. In this paper, the transient angle has been investigated experimentally in fiber-reinforced glass epoxy unidirectional composites. To determine the transient angle, certain unidirectional composite specimens with specific digression angles from the load-applying direction were manufactured due to standards, and tensile and compression tests were performed on them. Results demonstrate that the tensile transient angle is between 4° and 8°, and the compressive transient angle is between 8° and 12°. Moreover, experimental results were compared with analytical calculations using Hashin’s failure criteria. Investigations showed that Hashin failure criteria can adequately predict the amount of load causing failure in unidirectional composite laminates before the transient angle. Still, by approaching this angle, Hashin’s failure criteria can’t correctly predict the load causing failure, and error will increase gradually as it passes the transient angle. This error will occur after the transient angle because Hashin’s Failure Criteria can’t predict changes in failure modes in unidirectional composite laminates.
“Put your sword back into its sheath”: A Johannine approach to nonviolent resistance
Authors: Byers Andrew J.
Published: October 2023

The Gospel of John challenges the use of violence in both the exercise of power and in resistance to power. This article identifies how power is used in John, discusses who uses it, and examines how power is complicated or inhibited within the narrative. God and the Logos are introduced in the Prologue as the Gospel’s most powerful figures, yet their power is resisted. The Jewish leaders (often co-identified with “the Jews”) hold sociocultural power, though it is limited by Rome. The Empire looms in the background until the passion narrative, in which Roman power is relativized to the power of the empire of God. Cosmic evil co-opts Rome and the Jewish leaders and serves as the most dominant force arrayed against Jesus in the Fourth Gospel, even if constrained. Jesus’s power is superior, yet he exercises self-restraint. The article then explores the resistance practices to dominant power by the Jewish leadership, Peter, then Jesus, focusing on the arrest and (quasi-)trial in John 18. While “the Jews” resort to violence by colluding with Rome, Peter assaults with a sword then denies Jesus. Although greater in power than the arresting party and judicial authorities, Jesus responds to threats with nonviolence, undermining an imperial imagination sustained by ideologies of violence and death.
Ontological and Methodological Limitations of Certain Cultural Evolution Approaches
Authors: Valković Martina
Published: October 2023

Recently there has been a rise in the application of concepts and methods from biological evolutionary theory to human cultures and societies where the aim is to explain these by describing them as population-level phenomena reducible to individual-level processes. I argue against this type of view by using Mesoudi's Cultural Evolution as a case study. I claim that Mesoudi’s ontological assumptions about cultures and societies are dubious and his methodological assumptions inadequate when it comes to addressing cultural and social phenomena. A consequence is that this approach to studying culture is, at the very least, incomplete and of limited application.
Fixed-time sliding mode observer-based multi-faults estimation method and its application to PMSM drive system
Authors: Zhou Zhangyu , Xu Feng , Dai Yuchen
Published: October 2023

An integral sliding mode observer-based fixed-time multi-faults estimation method is proposed to solve the problem of fast fault estimation for a class of nonlinear systems with multiple types of faults simultaneously. First, a class of nonlinear systems with actuator and sensor faults is considered, and the original system is transformed into two subsystems through coordinate transformation to decouple the actuator and sensor faults. Then, intermediate variables are introduced to transform sensor faults into actuator faults of the augmented systems. For the transformed system, a fixed-time fault observer based on integral sliding mode is designed to realize the fast estimation of unknown terms, and the fixed-time convergence performance is proved. Moreover, based on the output of the fault observer, the actuator and sensor faults in the original system are reconstructed. Finally, the fault model of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is established in the hardware-in-the-loop platform, and the effectiveness of the designed fault estimation method is verified.
Factors affecting trust in the transparency index for stable and intuitive physical human–robot cooperation
Authors: Duan Ding , Li Yuling , Li Hongbing
Published: October 2023

Safety, stability, and intuitive control are the three most basic requirements for the design of a physical human–robot cooperation (HRC) system. High transparency is one of the main design objectives for dynamically coupled HRC systems. However, determinants of system transparency and its influence on system performance are unachievable with the current methods available. This paper presents an overview of admittance control as a method of physical interaction control between robots and human operators, in particular on the analysis of the influencing factors to the computational transparency index. The influence of frequency, sampling point number, and cutoff frequency of the weighting function on the transparency of the admittance controller were analyzed and experimentally verified. The controller was implemented on a four degree-of-freedom interactive manipulator to verify system transparency and stability. The experimental results validate the proposed framework.
Invisible Inequalities: Barriers, Challenges, and Opportunities
Authors: Bapuji Hari , Ertug Gokhan , Soundararajan Vivek , Shaw Jason D.
Published: October 2023

Inequality is a grand challenge of our times, and management researchers have responded by examining the relationship between business and societal economic inequalities. This research has enhanced our understanding of the nature, sources, and consequences of inequalities, as well as identified actions to address them. However, this effort has predominantly revolved around visible inequalities. We seek to direct greater scholarly attention to invisible inequalities – uneven possession of and access to resources and opportunities to engage in value creation, appropriation, and distribution based on attributes and characteristics that are not readily apparent or noticeable. Expanding the scope of investigations to a broader range of inequalities allows us to generate insights on inequalities that are hitherto less addressed as well as identify potential new mechanisms of inequalities and their outcomes.
Prognostic impact of monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio in coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Vakhshoori Mehrbod , Nemati Sepehr , Sabouhi Sadeq , Shakarami Mehrnaz , Yavari Behzad , Emami Sayed Ali , Bondariyan Niloofar , Shafie Davood
Published: October 2023

Objective

Inflammatory biomarkers are novel tools to assess the prognosis of different cardiovascular diseases. We evaluated the impact of the monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) on clinical outcomes in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).

Methods

We systematically screened English-language articles in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to 31 August 2022. Relevant articles reporting the MLR and its association with clinical outcomes (major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), coronary artery disease (CAD) severity, mortality, cardiac rupture, subclinical CAD, acute coronary syndrome (ACS) prediction, thin-cap fibroatheroma, no-reflow phenomenon, MLR-related differences in percutaneous coronary intervention, heart failure hospitalization, and depression) in patients with CHD were collected for further analysis.

Results

Nineteen articles were selected. The mean MLR was 0.34. A higher MLR was significantly associated with an increased risk of MACE among patients with CHD. The MLR was an independent predictor of MACE in patients with ACS. No significant association was found for CAD severity. A complementary analysis was not performed because of few studies focusing on the other predefined endpoints.

Conclusions

The MLR is a simple and widely available tool to predict MACE in patients with CHD. This biomarker can be utilized in emergency settings to prioritize high-risk patients and optimize therapeutic interventions.
Case report of self-improving collodion ichthyosis in the newborn
Authors: Zhu Suyue , Jiang Yazhou , Shen Nan , Yin Hanjun , Qiao Jibing
Published: October 2023

Self-improving collodion ichthyosis (SICI) is a relatively rare subtype of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) that is often characterized by a collodion baby (CB) phenotype at birth. A newborn girl, just 1 hour old, presented with taut, shiny, thick yellow crusts, like parchment, and scales on her trunk and upper limbs. The tightening effect had caused both upper eyelids to appear everted, and her lips and auricles were deformed. Based on whole-exome sequencing and examination of the clinical phenotype, the patient was diagnosed with ARCI. After admission, the exposed mucosa was covered with a sterile Vaseline gauze dressing, and she was placed in an incubator set to a temperature of 32°C with a humidity level of 75%. One week later, the parchment-like scales had begun to flake off, and at the age of 3 weeks, all bodily skin appeared normal. SICI was diagnosed. After discharge, the patient was followed up to 3 months of age, at which time her growth and development were comparable to those of her peers. Clinicians should consider SICI as a possible diagnosis when analyzing the prognosis of patients with CB. Reducing water loss and maintaining the electrolyte balance are particularly important for SICI treatment.
Incline Correct: A Novel Device for Accurate Inclination of Twin Block Appliances
Authors: Cherukuri Abhiram , Naik Shreya
Published: October 2023

Retrognathic mandible is the most common feature in growing children with skeletal Class II malocclusion. This does not self-correct with growth. Functional appliances are known to exert beneficial effects to improve this skeletal pattern. Among several removable functional appliances, Twin Block is the most preferred. Twin Blocks are designed for full-time wear such that maximum benefit from functional forces can be obtained. The maxillary and mandibular bite blocks occlude at a 70° angle on complete closure. It is important to angulate the inclines at exactly 70°, as an increase in this angulation will require a conscious effort from the patient. Incline Correct is designed to accurately measure and construct inclines at 70° to the occlusal plane.
Rotation e-Cleat
Authors: Prakash Amit , Bharti Chandni , Maroore Pravin Kumar
Published: October 2023

The article describes an innovative and unconventional approach to correct rotations with the aid of self-made rotation e-cleat utilizing the unused elastic module carrier piece freely available in our clinics.
EZC Guidance for Bone Screws: A Chairside Solution
Authors: Lalani Alisha , Shenava Shailesh , Mathew Robin , Singh Sandeep
Published: October 2023

Orthodontists, on a day-to-day basis, have started to use bone screws for various tooth movements such as distalization, retraction, intrusion, etc. The most common sites for the placement of bone screws are IZC6 and IZC7 with an angulation of 55° to 70°. Their added advantage is an extra-radicular site with rare chances of failure. Failure of these IZC screws may take place due to improper placement or improper angulation, which may lead to inaccurate ideal final angulation, leading to trauma to the buccal mucosa, and inter radicular placement of the IZC screw. Asymmetrically placed IZC screws on the left and right side of the mouth can lead to alteration of biomechanics. A clinician usually finds it challenging to find a purchase point of the cancellous bone and to place it at the correct angulation, which needs to be achieved for the success of the bone screw. Herein, fabrication of a guide for the accurate placement of the IZC screws, using the basic armamentarium available in a clinic, is demonstrated. The method is economical, quick, non-tedious, and accurate.
Dual Mini-Fragment Plate Fixation of Midshaft Clavicle Fractures Reduces Risk of Reoperation Compared With Single-Plate Fixation Techniques
Authors: Reddy Rajiv P. , Charles Shaquille , Como Matthew , Chen Stephen R. , Mittwede Peter N. , Rai Ajinkya , Moloney Gele B. , Sabzevari Soheil , Lin Albert
Published: October 2023

Background:

Recent studies have highlighted dual plating as a method of reducing high rates of postoperative complication after operative management of displaced midshaft clavicular fractures. However, few studies have reliably characterized reoperation rates and magnitude of risk reduction achieved when using dual versus anterior and superior single-plate techniques.

Hypothesis:

There would be lower rates of reoperation among patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of displaced midshaft clavicular fractures via dual plating.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

This was a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent ORIF for a displaced midshaft clavicular fracture between 2010 and 2021 at a level 1 trauma center with a minimum 12-month follow-up. Patients were separated into 3 cohorts based on fixation type: (1) orthogonal dual mini-fragment plate fixation, (2) superior plate fixation, and (3) anterior plate fixation. Data on patient characteristics, fracture pattern, and reoperations were documented. All-cause reoperation rates and hazard ratio (HR) estimates of dual, superior, and anterior plating were calculated using a multivariate multilevel mixed-effects parametric survival model. Significant confounders including high-risk fracture morphology and smoking status were controlled for in the final model.

Results:

A final cohort of 256 patients was identified with mean follow-up of 4.9 ± 3.8 years. In total, 101 patients underwent superior plating, 92 underwent anterior plating, and 63 underwent dual plating. Overall, 31 reoperations took place (18 in superior, 12 in anterior, 1 in dual plating) among 22 patients. Major contributors to reoperation included symptomatic hardware (n = 11), nonunion (n = 8), deep infection (n = 7), and wound dehiscence (n = 2). Superior plating revealed the highest reoperation rate of 0.031 per person-years, followed by anterior plating with 0.026 per person-years and dual plating with 0.005 per person-years. Overall, single plating (either anterior or superior placement) had a nearly 8-fold greater risk of reoperation than dual plating (HR, 7.62; 95% CI, 1.02-56.82; P = .048). Further broken down by technique, superior plating had an 8-fold greater risk of reoperation than dual plating (HR, 8.36; 95% CI, 1.10-63.86; P = .041), but anterior plating did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference compared with dual plating (HR, 6.79; 95% CI, 0.87-52.90; P = .068).

Conclusion:

Dual-plate fixation represents an excellent treatment for displaced midshaft clavicular fractures, with low rates of nonunion and reoperation. When compared with single locked superior or anterior plate fixation, dual mini-fragment plate fixation has a nearly 8-fold lower risk of reoperation.
Preventing Child Wasting in Africa’s Dryland: An Exploratory Review of the Enabling Environment in 8 Sub-Saharan Countries Using a Food Systems Lens
Authors: Fracassi Patrizia , Daget Morgane , Seo Sangmin , D’Angeli Riccardo
Published: October 2023

Persistent child wasting is evident across the Sahel and Horn of Africa, much of which is typically dryland and dependent on agropastoralism. Two events in 2021, the United Nations (UN) Food Systems Summit and the Tokyo Nutrition for Growth Summit, represented a watershed moment for the alignment of food systems and nutrition. Against this backdrop, the costed country operational roadmaps, developed in 22 countries as part of the joint UN Global Action Plan on Child Wasting (UNICEF 2021), recognized the importance of preventing child wasting using a multisectoral approach. We use a food systems lens to assess how current governance mechanisms, policies, and programming priorities in 8 sub-Saharan countries are responsive to the food security and nutritional needs of the most vulnerable people. For governance mechanisms, we draw from a narrative review of joint annual assessments conducted by the Scaling Up Nutrition Movement’s national multistakeholder platforms since 2016. For policy frameworks, we analyze recommendations included in operational roadmaps and findings from the review of national multisectoral nutrition plans. For programming priorities, we analyze the typologies of costed interventions in the food and social protection systems. We present how nutrition and healthy diets were factored into national food systems pathways and how Government commitments to Nutrition for Growth integrate food systems and resilience. Results of this exploratory review suggest opportunities offered by the implementation of the country roadmaps should rely on a fundamental understanding of context-specific risks and vulnerabilities embedded in the systems and their dynamics.
Revolutionizing antiretroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS: A computational approach using molecular docking, virtual screening, and 3D pharmacophore building to address therapeutic failure and propose highly effective candidates
Authors: Annan Azzeddine , Raiss Noureddine , Elmir El Harti , Filali-Maltouf Abdelkarim , Medraoui Leila , Oumzil Hicham
Published: October 2023

Objectives: In the context of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment, the emergence of therapeutic failures with existing antiretroviral drugs presents a significant challenge. This study aims to employ advanced molecular modeling techniques to identify potential alternatives to current antiretroviral agents. Methods: The study focuses on three essential classes of antiretroviral drugs: nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), and protease inhibitors (PIs). Computational analyses were performed on a database of 3,343,652 chemical molecules to evaluate their binding affinities, pharmacokinetic properties, and interactions with viral reverse transcriptase and protease enzymes. Molecular docking, virtual screening, and 3D pharmacophore modeling were utilized to identify promising candidates. Results: Molecular docking revealed compounds with high binding energies and strong interactions at the active sites of target enzymes. Virtual screening narrowed down potential candidates with favorable pharmacological profiles. 3D pharmacophore modeling identified crucial structural features for effective binding. Overall, two molecules for class 1, 7 molecules for class 2, and 2 molecules for class 3 were selected. These compounds exhibited robust binding affinities, interactions with target enzymes, and improved pharmacokinetic properties, showing promise for more effective HIV treatments in cases of therapeutic failures. Conclusion: The combination of molecular docking, virtual screening, and 3D pharmacophore modeling yielded lead compounds that hold potential for addressing HIV therapeutic failures. Further experimental investigations are essential to validate the efficacy and safety of these compounds, with the ultimate goal of advancing toward clinical applications in HIV management.
Measurement of Emotion Regulation in a Clinical Sample of Children: The Psychometric Properties of the How I Feel Scale
Authors: Rich Brendan A. , Zeng Guangyu , Godovich Sheina A. , Ridgely Natalie C. , Alvord Mary K.
Published: October 2023

Emotion regulation (ER) is a crucial construct in the study of child education, development, and psychopathology. The How I Feel (HIF) questionnaire, a self-report measure of ER for children, was validated in school-based, nonclinical samples. The current study examined the factor structure of the HIF in a clinical sample of children ( N = 195; 73.33% male; 79.49% White; 61.03% diagnosed with ADHD). Confirmatory factor analysis did not support the original 3-factor model. An exploratory factor analysis revealed an altered five-factor model with identical Positive Emotion and Emotion Control factors, but the original Negative Emotion factor was divided into three factors: Mad Emotion, Sad and Scared Frequency, and Sad and Scared Intensity. Results suggest that the HIF may not accurately assess the intensity and frequency of negative emotions in clinical samples.
Gait Abnormalities in Children with Phelan-McDermid Syndrome
Authors: Frank Yitzchak , Levy Tess , Lozano Reymundo , Friedman Kate , Underwood Slayton , Kostic Ana , Walker Hannah , Kolevzon Alexander
Published: October 2023

Background: Phelan-McDermid syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by haploinsufficiency of the SHANK3 gene on chromosome 22q13.3 and is characterized by autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, speech and language abnormalities, hypotonia, and mild dysmorphic features. Early literature in Phelan-McDermid syndrome did not include gait abnormalities as part of the syndrome although recent prospective studies report that the prevalence of gait abnormalities ranges from 55% to 94%. We compared gait abnormalities in individuals with Phelan-McDermid syndrome, idiopathic autism spectrum disorder, and typically developing controls, and explored associations between gait abnormalities, autism spectrum disorder, and intellectual functioning. Method: The study cohort consists of 67 participants between the ages of 3 and 18 years, divided into 3 groups: Phelan-McDermid syndrome (n  =  46), idiopathic autism spectrum disorder (n  =  11), and typically developing controls (n  =  10). Gait was recorded using a video camera and scored across 26 gait features using a “Gait Clinical Observations scale” designed specifically for this study. Results: Gait abnormalities were significantly higher in the Phelan-McDermid syndrome group as compared to idiopathic autism spectrum disorder or typically developing controls. The number of gait abnormalities across groups was also significantly correlated with Intellectual Quotient/Developmental Quotient (IQ/DQ). In analysis of covariance including IQ/DQ, the effect of group was not significant, but the effect of IQ/DQ was significant. Conclusions: Overall differences in gait abnormalities were determined by the degree of intellectual disability, which was significantly higher in Phelan-McDermid syndrome.
Ken the Movie: Allyship and When KENough is not Enough
Authors: Terry Paul E.
Published: October 2023

This editorial reviews Barbie the Movie in the context of workplace and community health and well-being. Issues of gender equity, patriarchy, and the role of women in empowering women were all factors that were dealt with thoughtfully and poignantly in the movie’s script. A missed opportunity in the movie related to the role men could play as allies in the gender equity movement. Hence, I set out to reconcile this omission by proposing a story line for Ken the Movie. I present gender and health disparities as problems that will require leadership in, and best thinking about, gender equality from both men and women.
State investigative interest varies across daily life and predicts academic engagement: Replication and extension of the nomological network
Authors: Roemer Lena , Stoll Gundula , Rounds James , Ziegler Matthias
Published: October 2023

Recent contributions propose to integrate a state perspective into the conceptualization of vocational interests. Such integration addresses in-the-moment expressions of interests and allows to track relations to distal outcomes of vocational interests more closely. To further the trait-state integration of vocational interests, insights into the nomological network of state vocational interests are necessary. In this preregistered experience sampling study of 217 university students, we studied state investigative interest in daily life and the relations with theory-derived person- and situation-related constructs. Results from 5631 observations across 3.5 weeks showed that specific situation characteristics, openness, happiness, and current social student role were associated with state investigative interest. Furthermore, person-aggregated state investigative interest and the reactivity of investigative interest in situations related with their academic studies predicted individuals’ overall academic engagement in some cases. Generally, the relations in the nomological network were stronger when state investigative interest and hypothesized constructs were more closely aligned. Overall, the results underline the systematic nature and psychological relevance of state vocational interests. We discuss how integrating a state perspective into research on vocational interests implies novel approaches for capitalizing on the power of vocational interests.
Nano or Na-No? Ukraine’s crisis of opportunity in nanotechnology education
Authors: Kovachov Sergii , Bohdanov Ihor , Suchikova Yana
Published: October 2023

This opinion piece delves into the intricate challenges facing higher education in nanotechnology, particularly in Ukraine, a country currently embroiled in geopolitical unrest. Through a reflective lens, the article examines the complexities of preparing graduates for an uncertain job market while also considering the pressing national imperatives that demand specialized expertise. Beyond the Ukrainian context, the article escalates the discussion to a global scale, calling for an immediate yet thoughtful reassessment of how we approach specialized education in a rapidly changing world. The piece confronts uncomfortable questions and proposes calls to action for policymakers, educators, and the global community. By framing Ukraine’s struggle as indicative of a broader global challenge, it aims to catalyze meaningful discussions and reforms in how specialized higher education is approached and implemented worldwide.
Two-phase flow and wear of 90° bend pipes by normally distributed particles
Authors: Li Yi , Xiao Junjie , Lin Zhe , Zhu Zuchao
Published: October 2023

Wear is a key cause of pipe failure in pipeline conveying systems. Solid-phase particles can lead to wall wear, which reduces the reliability of the conveying system. In this study, a numerical simulation of 1–3 mm particles with a normal distribution in a 90° bend section was performed based on a coupled computational method of computational fluid dynamics and discrete unit method. The results revealed that a protective layer of particles is formed near the outer wall of the bend, which reduces the direct collision of particles during the flow and protects the surface of the bend. Comparative analysis revealed that the maximum wear area of the bend is in the range 75°–90° in the middle of the bend section.
Feasibility exploration of strain-based indicator diagram reconstruction for reciprocating compressor fault diagnosis
Authors: Shen Jiayi , Zhao Dongfang , Liu Shulin , Zhang Hongli
Published: October 2023

Reciprocating compressor is an indispensable and important production equipment in petrochemical industry. However, due to the large number of vulnerable components, thermal performance failures occur frequently. Indicator diagram has significant advantages in the diagnosis of those thermal performance failures and is therefore regarded as a reliable fault diagnosis technique for reciprocating compressor. Nevertheless, the indicator diagram needs to extract the pressure and piston position information in the cylinder, which has greatly hindered its practical application. The traditional way of extracting the pressure information may damage the cylinder wall, and the obtaining of the piston position requires key-phase sensor, both of which pose potential safety hazards. In this paper, a novel idea of obtaining cylinder pressure and piston position at the same time through cylinder strain is developed, and the feasibility of the proposed idea is verified by numerical simulation. During the simulation, this work employs ANSYS tool to extract the strain from the outer wall of the cylinder as a way of revealing the relationship between pressure and strain, and piston position and strain. Subsequently, the strain-based indicator diagram is reconstructed through the change of the strain at a certain point on the outer wall of the cylinder in a working cycle. The simulation results show that the cylinder strain can reflect cylinder internal pressure and piston position obviously, and it is feasible to construct an indicator diagram based on cylinder strain.
A semi-analytical model of a discretely supported railway track
Authors: Wang Jiawei , Thompson David , Squicciarini Giacomo
Published: October 2023

The dynamic behaviour of railway track plays an important role in the generation of rolling noise as well as the development of rail corrugation. A semi-analytical model is presented that includes vertical, lateral and axial dynamics and takes account of the discrete supports provided by the sleepers. The rail is represented by a semi-analytical beam model that includes vertical and lateral bending, extension and torsion, with warping and shear-centre eccentricity. A receptance-coupling method is used to couple the rails, through damped springs that represent the rail pads, with a finite number of flexible sleepers that are in turn supported on an elastic foundation. The model also accounts for the coupling between the two rails through the sleepers. Results are presented in terms of the point mobilities in different directions, including the vertical-lateral cross mobility, as well as the track decay rates, and the results are validated by comparison with measurements. The inclusion of torsion and warping is shown to have a significant effect on the lateral rail mobility, leading to better agreement with the measured results. The response on one rail due to excitation on the other rail is also explored and the results agree well with the measurements. It is found that the coupling between the two rails has only a limited effect on the resultant track response.
Analytical models for critical heights of vortexing in flat and spherical bottom tanks with siphon and bottom drains
Authors: Nageswaran G , Prabhu Mahadev , S Anil Lal , Kumar R Ajith
Published: October 2023

Critical height or critical submergence is liquid level at which air-core vortex extends from the free surface into drain hole when a liquid is drained from a container/tank. Extensive analytical and experimental studies have been reported on critical height of bath tub vortex, for liquid draining downward from flat bottom propellant tanks. Rockets making use of liquid propellants mostly employ spherical bottom propellant tanks as well as siphon or upward drain flow. Keeping in view of such practical applications, analytical models are developed for critical height, considering the effects of siphon drain and the shape of tank bottom. Additional design parameters influencing the behavior for each case are identified. Appropriate governing equations and a solution methodology are developed pertinent to the system considered, to predict the critical height for siphon drain and spherical bottom tank independently as well as for both combined. The results indicate that the critical height for spherical bottom tank is higher than for flat bottom tank, due to higher local flow velocity. Siphon geometry can be designed for critical height much less than normal drain from flat bottom tank. These observations are in accordance with the results published in the literature. This paper reports the analytical models and solution methodology to predict the critical height for vortexing for normal draining from spherical tank bottom, siphon draining from both flat and spherical bottom tanks.
Effects of various aftwall edge ramp on open cavities in a confined supersonic flow
Authors: Sivapriya S , Thanigaiarasu S , Prasath M
Published: October 2023

An experimental study on the supersonic flow of Mach number 1.81 Over the rectangular cavity of L/D = 3 with different aft wall angles such as Baseline case 90° and aft wall edge ramp of 30°. Measurements of acoustic oscillations were carried out on the wall and floor of the cavity using unsteady pressure transducers. Schlieren flow visualization indicates the presence of a shear layer and the other shock features that are associated with the cavity flow field. In order to obtain the experimental results, data analysis was performed in the unsteady data Using statistical analytical techniques i.e., Fast Fourier Transform, Short Time Fourier Transform, and Coherence. After careful examination of the power spectra of the cavities, it is concluded that as the aft wall angle decreases by introducing the aft wall ramp, the amplitude decreases. It is clearly observed that the complete escape of vortices in Low angled cavity. From the correlation plot, the existence of the acoustic wave inside the cavity for all the cases is deduced. The maximum OASPL and static pressure values are observed at the aft wall. These results, the strength of the self-sustained oscillations and acoustic disturbance and mode switching were observed in the higher angled cavity 90°. Also, the mode switching co-existence was reduced in the aft wall edge ramp angle of 30°.
Primary antiphospholipid syndrome with and without limb ischemia: A retrospective observational study
Authors: de Carvalho Jozélio Freire , Brandão Neto Rodrigo A , Skare Thelma Larocca , Shoenfeld Yehuda
Published: October 2023

Objective

To compare clinical and laboratory data obtained from patients with primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome (PAPS) with and without limb ischemia (LI).

Methods

A transverse study with 66 (83.3% female) PAPS patients was performed. All data were evaluated. Patients were subdivided into one of two groups: PAPS with LI and PAPS without LI and compared.

Results

Sixty-six primary APS were selected. PAPS with LI group exhibited a longer disease duration ( p = .012) and more arterial events ( p = .002). A lower frequency of venous events was observed in PAPS with LI ( p = .007), and deep venous thrombosis ( p = .016). Furthermore, PAPS with LI patients had more deficiency of protein C of coagulation ( p = .015) than the others.

Conclusion

PAPS and LI have a distinct clinical and laboratory spectra from those without LI and it is characterized by an increased frequency of protein C deficiency, and a lower frequency of venous events, deep venous thrombosis and IgM anticardiolipin.
Impact Study of Self-Help Group Bank Linkage Programme on Beneficiaries in Rural Rajasthan
Authors: Bhatnagar Deepali , Yadav Kajal
Published: October 2023

The underprivileged poor while availing loans face two main issues. First, a deposit of collateral is essential for availing loans, and second, formal sources do not provide loans for activities other than income generation. To abbreviate this problem of poor people, microfinance is playing an imperative role through the self-help group bank linkage programme (SHGBLP). Therefore, the objective of this research paper is to examine the impact of SHGBLP on its participants at the household level in terms of income, savings, expenditure and asset creation. For this, 450 households belonging to the treatment and control groups were interviewed. Further, the average treatment model was applied to the treated model through propensity score matching and principal component analysis. The results highlighted that participation in SHGBLP significantly affects the income of the poor participants in comparison to the less poor and medium poor, programme participation also significantly affects the consumption expenditure of the participants in comparison to the non-participants. In spite of that, it also significantly affects the asset creation of the medium-poor participants in comparison to the poor and less-poor participants, while participation does not affect the saving patterns of the participants.
The Process Model of Stigmatized Loss: Identity-Threatened Experiences of Bereaved Mothers
Authors: Minton Elizabeth A. , Wang Cindy Xin , Anthony Carissa M. , Fox Alexa K.
Published: October 2023

Despite almost one-third of women suffering from the loss of a baby through miscarriage, stillbirth, or infant loss, it is surprising how little research examines how such loss affects the identity and stigmas experienced by these individuals. Through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with bereaved mothers (in particular, mothers who lost a baby during pregnancy or within one year after birth), this research sheds light on the bereaved mother’s experiences after loss. Specifically, this research applies the identity-threat model of stigma to showcase the process of stigmatized loss. Based on our findings, we also introduce the process model of stigmatized loss that can apply to all types of stigmatized loss. Key themes emerged as we explored stigmatized loss discourses. These include situational cues that trigger stigma, identity-based responses that aim to preserve both a baby’s and mother’s identity, as well as nonvolitional and volitional responses that help restore control and reconstruct identity. Additionally, other themes revolve around positive and negative outcomes stemming from avoiding stigmatized identity activation and identification of triggers that initiate a recursive process through stigmatized baby loss. Importantly, stigma can be perceived as both an identity threat (negative) and an identity confirmation (positive). Findings inform theory and practice alike.
Influence of Primary Tumor Resection on Survival of Patients With Metastatic Siewert Type II Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagogastric Junction: A Population-Based, Propensity-Matched Analysis
Authors: Chen Jiamin , Jia Xuan , Chen Hanwen , Cai Jianting , Chen Liubo
Published: October 2023

Objective

It remains unclear whether primary tumor resection improves survival in patients with metastatic Siewert type II adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG). Therefore, our study attempted to investigate the prognostic value of primary tumor resection on metastatic AEG.

Methods

In total, 4200 patients diagnosed with metastatic AEG were retrieved from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 2004 to 2015. Patients were categorized into two groups according to the performance of primary tumor resection. Pearson’s chi-square test, Kaplan–Meier survival curve, and Cox regression analysis were conducted in this study. In addition, propensity-score matching was conducted to match 323 patients who received primary tumor resection and another 323 patients without.

Results

Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that primary tumor resection was a significant prognostic factor in patients with metastatic AEG before matching. Moreover, in the matched cohort, metastatic AEG patients receiving primary tumor resection had significantly longer overall survival (hazard ratio [HR]: .54, 95% confidence interval [CI]: .46–.64, P < .001) and cancer-specific survival (HR: .53, 95% CI: .45–.63, P < .001). Subgroup analysis similarly revealed that primary tumor resection was significantly associated with better survival in most subgroups.

Conclusion

The present population-based study identified that primary tumor resection led to significantly superior survival in patients with metastatic AEG. These findings are likely to contribute to the development of individualized therapy in metastatic AEG.
Weighted IMF-based denoising and multi-scale kurtosis weighted K singular value decomposition dictionary learning model for bearing fault diagnosis
Authors: Wang Aiming , Gou Tingxi , Cui Wei , Xiao Rui , Wan Xingwei , Han Tianle , Lan Xueying
Published: October 2023

Generally, bearing early failure-induced impulses is weak and easily submerged by strong background noise. How to extract weak impulses is a big challenge. In this paper, based on the K Singular Value Decomposition (KSVD) algorithm, an improved dictionary learning model (WID-MSKW-KSVD) is proposed, which integrates a special denoising method and a multi-scale transformation into a typical dictionary learning model and it successfully overcomes two major shortcomings of traditional KSVD model including the lack of multi-scale learning process and the ability of dictionary atoms to resist strong noise interference. Furthermore, the kurtosis of the envelope spectrum is weighted into the proposed model as a fault matrix to enhance the fault feature. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed model is demonstrated by numerical simulation and practical experiments, and the superiority and reliability of this model in suppressing noise interference and extracting fault features are verified by comparison with other state-of-the-art methods.
Multi-Innovation Nesterov accelerated gradient parameter identification method for autoregressive exogenous models
Authors: Liang Shuning , Xiao Bo , Wang Chunyang , Wang Zishuo , Wang Lin
Published: October 2023

This paper proposed a multi-innovation Nesterov accelerated gradient (MNAG) parameter identification method for the autoregressive exogenous (ARX) model. First, a momentum acceleration term is added stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithm to increase the convergence rate of the SGD. Second, the parameter updating process is expanded from a single batch of current information iteration to the multiple batches of both previous and current information iteration, which extended the algorithm from single-innovation Nesterov accelerated gradient (NAG) to multi-innovation NAG parameter identification method. That enhances the algorithm’s anti-noise and anti-abnormal data abilities, and its data utilization rate. Then, the convergence of the MNAG parameter identification method is proven. The effectiveness of the MNAG parameter identification method is verified by numerical simulation and the rotational speed system of a ring-pendulum double-sided polisher.