bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A ‘Mean Tenement’ on Wash Lane
Authors: Hindle Steve
Published: June 2023

A study of William Nock, one of fifteen colliers resident in Chilvers Coton in 1684; notes the residential zoning of the coalworkers and links it to the shifting spatiality of mining activity over the previous century; emphasizes the significance of the reopening of the Griff colliery and the enormous expansion in the demand for coalmining labour; uses the remarkable account books for the Griff colliery to reconstruct labour participation rates and compensation arrangements for the workforce in the winter of 1684‒5; notes the extensive demand for labour other than by skilled coalminers, and demonstrates the influx of migrant workers from beyond the parish boundary; stresses the risky, expensive, and discontinuous nature of colliery enterprise, especially the sudden termination of production in 1688‒9 and the enormous investment required to reanimate it in 1700‒9; discusses the changes in coalmining technique from pillar-and-stall to longwall methods and the resulting recruitment of a specialist but truculent workforce from Shropshire; describes the environmental devastation that coalmining entailed; emphasizes Nock’s skill, expertise, and authority as a colliery bailiff but notes that even he was insufficiently wealthy to leave probate material after his passing; closes with an analysis of the sole extant inventory left by a Chilvers Coton coalminer in this period.
The Mason’s Farm on the Arbury Demesne
Authors: Hindle Steve
Published: June 2023

A study of the master craftsman Andrew Hardy, who was both bricklayer and stonemason on the Arbury estate and a substantial farmer in his own right; traces Hardy’s career as a bricklayer at Arbury, noting his role in the building of the stable block, but emphasizing that he was a newcomer to the parish; describes the tools and techniques he used to build walls; characterizes his unusually close (first-name terms) relationship with his landlord and employer, and describes their meetings in and around the workplace; reconstructs the tasks he undertook in the summer and autumn of 1689 and the compensation that he received; analyses the household economy of the Hardy family, noting the significance of his wife’s contribution in dairying; describes the sudden demise of both Hardy and his wife in the winter of 1701‒2 and discusses the testamentary provision he made for his children, including an apprenticeship premium for one of his sons who grew up to be a stonemason and helped build the parish workhouse.
Lamentable Objects
Authors: Shortslef Emily
Published: June 2023

This chapter explores literary moments that take up the question of what it means to be a good audience. It argues that in their representation of sympathetic audience reception, poetic forms of female complaint register a shift in ethical paradigms of virtuous literary reception. Focusing on key texts of female complaint—including Shakespeare’s The Rape of Lucrece—it shows how these poems imagine the ethical duty of the viewer to consist in sympathetically affirming the artfully constructed sadness of aesthetic objects. In Richard II, the famously plaintive king attempts to turn himself into just such a lamentable object, in order to elicit sympathy for his sadness rather than judgment for his failings. The play offers a critique of this new ethical paradigm, neither recuperating art’s ethical utility nor valorizing sympathy, but making sympathetic reception itself the object of ethical judgment for “good” audiences.
Living Single
Authors: Harris Amy
Published: June 2023

Even as some siblings married in the 1760s, pre-existing domestic and social patterns persisted, shaping how married siblings and in-laws socialized and ran households. In their twenties and thirties, the Sharp siblings, with their musical evenings and sailing trips up and down the Thames with friends, built their social lives around good music, good food and wine, and good company, not necessarily around finding good spouses. Their social patterns connected to later household arrangements. As the siblings acquired households, they perpetuated connections built on siblinghood, friendship, and music, not on courtship, marriage, or parenting. In the process, they created a shared, almost egalitarian decision-making process, running counter to hierarchical understandings of domestic and familial relationships. All the siblings experienced householding separate from marriage—some for only a few years, some for decades.
Epilogue
Authors: Harris Amy
Published: June 2023

This section focuses on Catherine Sharp, the niece who lived over twenty-five years after the death of her aunts, uncles, and cousins. It highlights her efforts to memorialize the family including the preservation, in conjunction with her cousin Mary’s descendants, of the family’s archive. It outlines how the books, manuscripts, instruments, and music were sold, preserved, or donated to archives and libraries and how various family monuments were designed. The chapter then concludes with a short account of the family archive’s provenance. It first resided with Mary Sharp’s descendants, the Lloyd-Bakers of Hardwicke Court, Gloucestershire. In the middle of the twentieth century, a never-married, childless descendant deposited the records in Gloucestershire Archives and loaned the family portrait to the National Portrait Gallery.
Echo and Response
Authors: Houghton-Walker Sarah
Published: June 2023

This chapter focuses on the nature of echo, and on the literal echoes which are depicted within Wordsworth’s poetry. In particular, it recognizes the nature of the experience recorded in Wordsworth’s lines on the Boy of Winander: his vocal concert of call and response with the owls who live there sustains an echoic character ultimately without specific origin, which allows the lines to gesture powerfully towards the sublime. It also focuses on the more disorientating, deceptive echo of the cuckoo. In doing so it dwells on the different forms of recapitulation and recollection, and of variation within repetition, which echo can suggest, and it again attends to the significance of a posture of listening.
Introduction
Authors: Stover Tim
Published: June 2023

This introductory discussion sets out the primary aims of the book, i.e. to offer an examination of the influence of Valerius Flaccus’ Argonautica on the epic poetry of Silius Italicus (Punica), Statius (Thebaid, Achilleid), and Claudian (De Raptu Proserpinae). The chapter touches briefly on the relative chronology of the Flavian epics and establishes the methodology adopted by the author with respect to analysing intertexts, which entails largely restricting analysis to points of contact between the Argonautica and the Punica, Thebaid, Achilleid, and De Raptu Proserpinae individually, without expanding the focus to include the use of similar language and themes in other authors. The chapter concludes with a brief illustration of combinatorial imitation, a topic that is not the primary focus of the book but one that nonetheless offers a viable avenue for future study.
Statius’ Achilleid
Authors: Stover Tim
Published: June 2023

This chapter continues the exploration of Statius’ engagement with Valerius by turning to an analysis of his allusions to the Argonautica in his unfinished Achilleid. In it the author elucidates how Statius’ allusive interaction with Valerius reveals the extent to which the Argonautica contributed to the conception, construction, and tenor of the Achilleid. The chapter demonstrates that Statius intertextually declares the Argonautica to be an important model before examining how Statius’ refashioning of Valerius’ epic enriches the Achilleid’s exploration of a range of important themes, such as literary belatedness, generic propriety, and gender dynamics. From this analysis, it emerges that a full appreciation of the aesthetic complexities of Statius’ most audacious poetic endeavor requires scrutinizing his reworking of Valerian material.
Claudian’s De Raptu Proserpinae
Authors: Stover Tim
Published: June 2023

This chapter sees the book’s study of Valerius’ influence on the epic tradition move beyond the Flavian era (69– 96 ce) and into the world of later Latin epic by examining Claudian’s allusive interactions with Valerius’ Argonautica in the De Raptu Proserpinae. In so doing the author contributes a new chapter to the reassessment of Claudian’s poetry which has been under way for the past three decades, while also offering the first sustained analysis of Claudian’s engagement with Valerius. This chapter demonstrates that Claudian too, like Valerius’ Flavian contemporaries, programmatically presents himself as an epigone of the Argonautica, before going on to elucidate how Claudian uses allusion to Valerius’ narrative to enrich his poem in various ways.
Conclusion
Authors: Stover Tim
Published: June 2023

This concluding section draws together some of the threads of the foregoing investigation. It contains a brief discussion of how Silius, Statius, and Claudian engage with Valerius’ text in unique ways, as well as the ways in which they share points of contact in their allusive interactions with the Argonautica. The author notes that Silius frames the Punica as the culmination of the historical process begun in Valerius’ Argonautica, presenting himself not as Valerius’ competitor, but as his continuator. The author then points out that in the Thebaid Statius’ approach to Valerius is subversive, a strategy he does not, however, repeat in the Achilleid, for which Valerius’ Argonautica emerges as a key ‘prequel’. Claudian tends to use allusion to the Argonautica for contrastive purposes. The chapter ends by noting that some key themes from Valerius’ epic appear to have been especially attractive to his successors, such as civil war, Gigantomachy, Troy, and familial dysfunction.
Austerity from the Left
Authors: Bremer Björn
Published: June 2023

Austerity became the predominant fiscal policy response to the Great Recession in Europe. After a brief period of `emergency Keynesianism' from 2008 to 2010, even the centre-left abandoned plans for deficit spending and accepted austerity as the dogma of the day. The book explains how this came about and explores its political consequences. It combines qualitative and quantitative methods and draws on a wide range of empirical evidence to study both the demand- and supply-side of politics. Based on this evidence, the book argues that a complex interaction of electoral and ideational pressures pushed social democratic parties towards orthodox fiscal policies. As government debt became a taboo following the Greek sovereign debt crisis, social democratic parties endorsed austerity to increase their perceived economic competence and fiscal credibility. This decision was legitimized by economic ideas inspired by supply-side economics, which had become popular among social democrats at the end of the twentieth century. Although the book shows that social democratic austerity was not inevitable, powerful feedback effects of the Third Way thus trapped and divided the centre-left during the crisis. This undermined the ability of social democratic parties to oppose austerity and eventually contributed to their electoral crisis in the shadow of the Great Recession.
Introduction
Authors: Bremer Björn
Published: June 2023

Chapter 1 begins by laying out the puzzle that the book addresses. It argues that austerity became the dominant macroeconomic policy in response to the Great Recession and that even social democratic parties supported this austerity settlement. The chapter then lays out the reasons why social democratic austerity is surprising and summarises the book’s main argument. It contends that it is necessary to study both the electoral and elite politics of austerity to understand the behaviour of social democratic parties across Europe. Taking both of these aspects seriously, the introduction explains the research design and the scope of the book. It concludes by providing a short outline of the book.
Social Democratic Austerity
Authors: Bremer Björn
Published: June 2023

Chapter 2 situates the book in the context of the existing literature and outlines the analytical framework. The chapter begins by reviewing the policies that the centre-left pursued before the Great Recession. Afterwards, it summarises existing explanations for social democratic austerity and argues that they are not sufficient to explain it. The chapter then provides a new theoretical framework to explain partisan choices for macroeconomic policies. It argues that politicians are constantly in search of electoral majorities and need to respond to public opinion. Yet, parties in Europe are not just conveyor belts for electoral interests; they are also rooted in distinct ideological traditions. Parties balance electoral demands with their economic ideas and political objectives. The theoretical framework, therefore, highlights the importance of both the electoral and ideational foundations of macroeconomic policies and focuses on the interaction of public opinion, economic ideas, and the dominant political discourse.
Attitudes towards Austerity
Authors: Bremer Björn
Published: June 2023

Chapter 4 studies the popular politics of austerity, i.e. the demand-side of politics. It uses data from the Eurobarometer to examine Europeans’ attitudes towards government debt from 2010 to 2015. The results show that a large number of voters felt uneasy about their country’s government debt in the wake of the Greek sovereign debt crisis, believing that measures to reduce the public deficit and debt could not be delayed in their country. The chapter then proceeds to study the public’s debt aversion across Europe systemically. It uses regression analysis to examine the country- and individual-level determinants of preferences towards fiscal policy. The results show that less well-off people are less concerned about government debt, generating a positive relationship between income and wealth and debt aversion. On the aggregate level, voters respond to changes in the economy in an anti-Keynesian fashion: they are more likely to support fiscal consolidation during busts than during booms. Moreover, an individual’s subjective experience of the economy influences their support for fiscal consolidation.
Cost Differences in Temple-Building between Rome and the Provinces
Authors: Domingo Javier
Published: June 2023

Some of the largest architectural projects in Roman towns and cities were religious buildings. They were often dedicated to the imperial cult, built within huge porticoed squares, and lavishly decorated with large amounts of imported marble. They were, therefore, projects that required a considerable financial investment—investment about which we rarely have any details. However, we can attempt to glean information by applying the building cost calculation methodology that has been developed over the last few years. This chapter applies this calculation methodology to a range of buildings with interesting results. Based on the study of temples in North Africa, costs recorded in the epigraphy of temple buildings do not always reflect the true cost of their construction. There are also notable differences in cost between complexes built in Rome and their provincial imitations, as demonstrated by comparison of the Forum Pacis of Rome and the Provincial Forum of Tarragona. This study also allows us to estimate the financial investment in one of the most important imperial cult complexes built in a provincial city—Tarraco—at a particularly outstanding moment of its history. Although results must be considered as approximate values, we can now cautiously introduce building costs into the analysis of architecture. This allows us to compare different constructions and better calibrate the effort made by specific towns or local elites in undertaking certain building projects, and, consequently, to evaluate the effort and economic resources required by towns when imitating the grand building projects of Rome.
Sacred Flocks and Herds? The Implications of Animal Sacrifice at Rural and Suburban Romano-Celtic Shrines
Authors: King Anthony C.
Published: June 2023

This is a chapter about animals—the origins and husbandry of those that ended up as deposits of bones on Romano-Celtic temples in Britain and Gaul. The presence of animals at temples might seem straightforward: worshippers come to a temple with animals and after they are sacrificed, the bones, or, at least, a selection of the sacrificed carcasses, are deposited on the site. However, the title of this chapter, with its question mark after ‘sacred flocks and herds’, is an exploration of this deceptively simple picture, with two speculations as points of focus. One is that some temples maintained their own flocks and herds, in part because of their location away from settlements and population, so that they were an integral element of the temple economy. Secondly, that there are enclosures in the landscape around some of the temples, outer temenoi or areae that sometimes enclose many hectares, and that these are the spaces where these animals were kept, possibly temporarily before a festival or a similar event. Using archaeological, zooarchaeological, and related evidence, this chapter examines the implications of rural sanctuaries as potential landholders in the context of their contribution to the economy of Roman Britain and Gaul.
Simply Responsible
Authors: King Matt
Published: June 2023

This book defends a general theory of responsibility, arguing that the blameworthy artist is responsible in just the same way that the blameworthy thief is. Individuals can be responsible for all kinds of different activities, but the basic responsibility relation is the same in every case. Individuals are responsible for the things they do first, then blameworthy or praiseworthy for having done them in light of whether they’re good or bad, according to a variety of standards. Moreover, the book develops this view with modest theoretical resources, offering minimal accounts of agency, control, blame and praise, and desert, delivering a comprehensive picture of being responsible for all the many things humans do.
The Basic Responsibility Relation
Authors: King Matt
Published: June 2023

This chapter draws on widespread symmetry between moral and non-moral cases of responsibility to make the initial case for a basic responsibility relation. Not only do individuals blame and praise others for their moral doings, but they also blame and praise them for their non-moral doings. Across the cases, individuals evaluate those doings by applying evaluative standards to determine if they were good or bad. When responsible, those good and bad things done reflect positively and negatively on those who did them. Finally, the same considerations make blaming and praising them inappropriate across all the cases. The parallels across the cases indicate that there is a single responsibility relation they all share—the basic responsibility relation—which grounds positive and negative evaluations of agents in light of the positive and negative features of the thing done. The chapter also considers the relevance of possible asymmetry between the cases.
Conditions
Authors: Stevens Robert
Published: June 2023

Where a payment, or other performance, is rendered pursuant to an agreement, under which it is agreed to have been conditional, if that condition fails the recipient must make restitution of what has been received. Although the agreement between the parties may be an enforceable contract, it need not be, because of, for example, absence of consideration, lack of intent to create legal relation, want of certainty, lack of capacity, or want of a required form. The relevant condition is found in the agreement between the parties, not in the mind of one or the other. The meaning of such conditions are always a matter of construction of the individual agreement, although the law has default rules in many contexts (such as the sale of goods). Such conditions may be waived, and are not necessarily the same as any obligation of counter-performance. This ground of claim is quite different from that based upon restitution of a performance that was unjustified. It is unnecessary to either avoid or terminate the parties’ agreement as a pre-condition of recovery on this ground.
Votary of the Muse
Authors: Ford Mark
Published: June 2023

This chapter presents a synoptic account of Hardy’s ideas about poetry, drawing on his fiction, on extracts from his diary included in the Life, and on his poems about poetry and about other poets such as Shelley and Keats. It considers in detail his short story ‘An Imaginative Woman’ (1894), which features two poets, and dramatizes the schism between the spiritual or poetic and the material or commercial. Like the heroine of this story, in his twenties Hardy came to consider himself a ‘votary of the muse’, and this chapter explores the gulf between the exalted vision of the poetic implicit in this phrase and the drab, disillusioned, anti-romantic aspects of his early poems. It offers close readings of two of Hardy’s most revealing poems about poetry, ‘Moments of Vision’ (1917) and ‘The Vatican: Sala delle Muse’ (1901).
The Other Side of Common Emotions
Authors: Ford Mark
Published: June 2023

This chapter ponders Hardy’s determination to write poems that explore ‘the other side of common emotions’, a phrase from a diary entry of 1867 excerpted in the Life. It makes extended use of his Studies, Specimens &c. and Poetical Matter notebooks to illustrate this concept, and it assesses his penchant for exploring narratives or images from unusual angles. The poems ‘Childhood among the Ferns’ and ‘The Slow Nature’ serve as examples of this. It also assesses the importance to Hardy of the discussions of originality in J. S. Mill’s ‘On Liberty’ and in Thomas Carlyle’s ‘Jean Paul Richter’. Finally, it analyses how the ghostly or posthumous enabled Hardy to write poems from this ‘other side’ and briefly compares his depictions of spectral revenants with those of T. S. Eliot.
A Short, Long Summer
Authors: Falasca-Zamponi Simonetta
Published: June 2023

Chapter 1 examines popular reactions to three major events early in the period considered: the announcement of Mussolini’s fall in July 1943, the declaration of armistice between Italy and the Allied forces in September 1943 (when Italy switched its allegiance from Hitler’s Germany), and Italy’s official declaration of war against Germany in October 1943. As an initial test of the country’s judgment on fascism, diaries’ entries on and around July 25, 1943 immediately present interpretive challenges. Elations at the news of Mussolini’s resignation appear mixed with, if not motivated by, hopes for an end to the war, thus mudding all attempts at differentiating evaluations of fascism distinct from broader reactions to the war crisis. Diarists’ interpretations of the armistice as “betrayal” pose similar predicaments; they appear to ignore that the choice to preserve their country’s “honor” by continuing to fight alongside Hitler also meant upholding the decision of Mussolini’s dictatorial regime to launch a war that most agreed was “not wanted.” Journals’ muted reactions to the October declaration of war against Germany confirm incongruities in people’s shifting structures of feeling in the face of fascism’s unravelling. Whether due to the fast pace of historical developments or a lack of firm points of interpretive reference, contradictory attitudes characterize the diaries’ entries in the first three months following the regime’s fall. Fascism had definitively faded from Italians’ immediate concerns.
Every Day in the Everyday
Authors: Falasca-Zamponi Simonetta
Published: June 2023

Chapter 3 examines diarists’ interpretive confusions by zeroing in on the personal, intimate level. It engages with the phenomenological categories that marked writers’ responses to the historical circumstances, with particular attention to the duo “private and public” and the notion of “normalcy.” Emotional conditions, from fear and distress to cynicism and indifference and also desensitization, become keys to account for people’s historical subjectivity—their evolving sense of self amid an external reality that ruthlessly confronted them with their own helplessness. The chapter discusses diarists’ rejection of public involvement and their strenuous defense of a private, orderly space away from the chaotic outside world, even as the “normalcy” of everyday life was irreparably altered by bombings, displacement, hunger, and more generally an excruciating struggle for survival. A form of resistance to the overpowering of history, retrenchment into the personal and the bliss of home allowed Italians to build distance from uncontrollable events while ensuring emotional numbness as a screen against suffering. With vivid portraits of people’s experiential differences in terms of generation, gender, class, and geographical location, the chapter evaluates the impact of authors’ writing styles and posture of objectivity on their approach to journaling.
The Contrary Compulsions of a Surveillance State
Authors: Thomas Pradip Ninan
Published: June 2023

This chapter highlights two attempts at regulation by the Indian state—the Personal Data Protection Bill and the Equalisation Levy. While the chapter also deals with privacy and Aadhar in the context of a surveillance state, its major focus is on the operationalization of India’s own Google Tax—the Equalisation levy. This proactive attempt at taxing Big Tech highlights the Indian government’s commitment to establish a level playing field in the matter of corporate tax. The chapter begins with the necessary background—in particular, OECD’s Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) initiative that formed the basis for the Indian government’s response. The Equalisation Levy is a type of ‘presumptive’ tax levied on non-Indian e-commerce companies involved in business-to-business transactions involving digital advertising and other services and is also levied on revenues generated by non-Indian e-commerce firms. While this tax has begun paying the Indian government dividends, challenges include whether or not its ambit, in future, will also include local, Indian-owned e-commerce companies.
Mindreading, Character, and Realism
Authors: Boas Evert van Emde
Published: June 2023

This chapter sets out to problematize applications of the concept of mindreading to literary characters in two ways. Firstly, based on a discussion of relevant debates in psychology and the philosophy of mind, it is argued that the exercise of making sense of literary characters is not straightforwardly analogous to everyday mindreading; rather, character interpretation typically relies on more specialized cognitive resources. Secondly, approaches based on mindreading as narrowly conceived can overlook crucial features of literary characters that have long been of interest within literary criticism (particularly under the header of ‘realism’): a more eclectic cognitive approach is needed to capture such aspects properly. The upshot of these general points is brought out in a reading of Euripides’ Medea, a play which both models and thematizes the unusual cognitive processes involved in making sense of its protagonist.
Beyond Diversity—Precarious Belonging and Religious Conjunctions
Authors: Fuchs Martin
Published: June 2023

This chapter discusses the religious practices of Dalits in Dharavi, Mumbai, India’s most iconic ‘slum’. It is precisely the stigmatized social status and the precarious form of urban existence of Dharavi’s Dalit residents that are reflected in their religious modalities. The religious choices, aspirations, articulations, and attitudes of Dalits in Dharavi represent distinct, proactive approaches to manage and alleviate the precarity of their condition. Based on ethnographic fieldwork, the chapter introduces the case of two communities and their religious choices in more detail. What stands out are the religious diversity and religious connectivities of Dharavi Dalits, including those that transcend the urban context. The question of where one belongs—socially and religiously—is not always answerable in a straightforward manner, and the city is not adequately understood without its complementary inter- and non-urban sides. The ways in which the social and religious life of the Dharavi urban poor unfolds have to be seen as integrally related to their translocal and trans-urban connectivities.
Does Violence Beget the Ghetto?
Authors: Velamur Sumanya Anand
Published: June 2023

This chapter explores four different intersections between the ghetto and violence in Mumbra. The word ‘ghetto’ is used in Indian urban contexts to signify a space of Muslim and, to a lesser extent, Dalit segregation. Mumbra, often represented as an exemplar of a Muslim ghetto in urban India, demonstrates four different intersections between violence and the ghetto. The first two intersections—the ghetto as an outcome of spatial structural violence and as perpetuating spatial structural violence—form part of the classical, mostly Euro-American literature on the ghetto. With the added dimension of a postcolonial Indian urban space, Mumbra also demonstrates two other kinds of intersection between violence and the ghetto: the ghetto as born of communal violence and as a centre for magnified violence between people belonging to different sects within Indian Islam.
Transgressive Spaces
Authors: Solanki Gopika
Published: June 2023

Focusing on feminist organizations’ interventions as third-party mediators in interreligious marriages in Mumbai, this chapter discusses how multiple patriarchies, enmeshed with Hindu right agendas, collide and rub against counter-movements on the ground in Mumbai. Using qualitative research method, and focusing on a feminist group’s long-term and purposeful action in preventing intra- and inter-ethnic group tensions related to an interreligious marriage in Mumbai, the chapter demonstrates that such micro-actions in everyday adjudication limit the exclusionary ideologies and legitimacy of majoritarian ethno-religious organizations and political parties which oppose such marriages. In addition, the chapter showcases how feminist groups offer care to vulnerable women and their families, help repair and build inter- and intra-ethnic family and kinship ties, enable local discourses that assist families to reappraise existing norms and practices militating against interreligious marriage, and consciously disrupt commonsensical narratives that cause ethnic polarization and consolidate communal patriarchy.
Necessity in Hegel’s Philosophy of History
Authors: Sedgwick Sally
Published: June 2023

With Kant, Hegel appreciates that unless we can connect what happens by means of a unifying idea, we undercut the possibility of narrating world history. Since Hegel is in addition committed to the assumption that the idea of unity that links events of world history is a specific idea of human freedom, we arrive at the paradoxical-sounding conclusion that it is a specific idea of freedom, on his account, that is responsible for history’s necessity. The author argues that in describing the purposive development of history as unfolding with necessity, Hegel does not commit himself to the view that the course of world history, and likewise reason’s special concepts and laws, are settled in advance. His insistence upon history’s necessity is instead compatible with his view that human reason and freedom are anchored in and therefore indebted to the realm of the actual.
Age and the Voting–Driving Analogy
Authors: Volacu Alexandru
Published: June 2023

This chapter focuses on political participation at the end of life: should there be an age limit over which people lose their eligibility to vote? After all, loss of ability is often used to justify restricting people’s freedom. For instance, age-related loss of ability is used to justify the requirement of periodical renewal of driving licences and could result in the loss of driving permits for the elderly, limiting their freedom of movement. Can there be an analogous case for voting? The chapter examines arguments by analogy in general and formulates such an argument linking driving and voting. It considers different ways the argument could be applied to age-adjusted voting rights. However, in the end, it finds that there are significant dissimilarities between driving and voting, and thus the argument is unsuccessful.
The Disciple, 1889–1913
Authors: Edwards Mark Thomas
Published: June 2023

Chapter 1 looks at Lippmann’s youth and chief influences, including his New York City upbringing and Harvard years, his first friends and careers, and his complicated relationship with Judaism. The “post-Christianity” of the Progressive and pragmatist movements is discussed primarily through Lippmann’s relationship with William James. The chapter then follows Lippmann through his bohemian and socialist phases in Greenwich Village and on to his liberal years at the New Republic journal and the House of Truth fraternity in Washington, D.C. It concludes with a close examination of Lippmann’s rejection of his Jewish heritage and his affiliation with what he would call the “classical and Christian heritage.”
The Heretic, 1960–1974
Authors: Edwards Mark Thomas
Published: June 2023

Lippmann’s break with Cold War liberalism over the civil rights movement and Vietnam War is the focus of Chapter 7. Lippmann began the decade as a darling of the Kennedy and Johnson administrations. They called for exactly the kind of “Great Society” that he had been demanding at least since the 1930s if not earlier. Yet Lippmann stayed a constant critic of American Cold War imperialism, notably in Cuba and Southeast Asia. He quickly fell out of favor with other liberal Cold Warriors after 1965 when he disagreed with Johnson over escalation in Vietnam. Lippmann retired at the height of the conflict and became an apologist for his former Republican enemy, Richard Nixon. He tried unsuccessfully to pen one last treatise on “The Ungovernability of Man.” He died alone and in relative obscurity considering his once great stature.
The Current Landscape
Authors: Giordano Simona
Published: June 2023

This chapter gives an overview of gender incongruence and dysphoria in childhood, focusing in particular on the descriptions found in the ICD-11 and in the DSM-V. Personal testimonies are also used. This chapter provides a number of terminological clarifications and explains which terms are used and why. Epidemiology and prevalence data are provided. One question addressed here concerns the increase in referral rates, consistently reported in various countries: some have argued that this increase is worrying and that social media or social pressure might induce some vulnerable adolescents to believe that they have a gender issue when they have not.
Gender Development
Authors: Giordano Simona
Published: June 2023

The notion of gender encompasses several dimensions and several aspects of a person’s identity and life. The ‘genderbread’ infographic is used sometimes to make the various dimensions and meanings of gender understandable and approachable. This chapter considers the main theories of gender development. It is nowadays usually accepted that gender identity depends on both biological and social factors, but what these might be and how they might interact to enable the elaboration of gender are open questions. This chapter reviews the research in this area and discusses whether the existing understanding of gender identity development can tell us something about the clinical management of gender diverse children and adolescents.
Clinical Guidance on the Management of Gender Diverse Youth
Authors: Giordano Simona
Published: June 2023

This chapter provides an overview of the current international guidance and of how it has evolved over time. This has not only historical significance; it also shows that treatment for gender dysphoria in young people is not novel. This chapter focuses on two main international guidelines: the World Professional Association for Transgender Health Standards of Care, and the US Endocrine Society Practice Guideline and on how these have evolved. More recent Australian clinical guidelines will be mentioned where relevant. We will see that there has been an evolution in understanding what it means to help or to benefit someone who is gender diverse. Clinical approaches have goals: these can be explicit or implicit. We will discuss some of the goals that some clinical approaches have or have had, and how these have evolved (or involved) over time.
What Should the Role of the Family and the Court Be?
Authors: Giordano Simona
Published: June 2023

Typically if treatment is in a minor’s best interests, and they are not in the position to consent, parents consent on their behalf. If minors are in the position to consent, their consent alone usually suffices. However, international clinical guidelines advise that parents should consent to treatment with blockers and, where feasible, to treatment with gender-affirming hormones. In England, the role of the parents and of the courts has been debated in three separate legal cases. Although patients are not required to obtain court authorization in order to obtain medical treatment with either blockers or gender-affirming hormones, such authorization might be necessary in cases of disputes. This chapter discusses what the role of the family and of the courts should be. It will be argued that parental consent should not be an eligibility criterion for hormonal treatment, and that the role of the courts should be limited to a much narrower set of cases than what is presently the case.
Creative-Destruction in Korea’s Smart and Strong Grid Strategy
Authors: Thurbon Elizabeth , Kim Sung-Young , Tan Hao , Mathews John
Published: June 2023

In this chapter we examine Korea’s efforts to build a national smart grid industry in the context of the state’s emerging developmental-environmental orientation, and relatedly its evolving ‘creative’ and ‘destructive’ ambitions and capabilities. We ask: What has motivated the Korean state to become involved in smart grid industry creation initiatives? How have Korean policymakers pursued their creative ambitions? Why has the government appeared more ambitious and active in smart grid industry creation than in getting fossil fuels out of the energy system? To what extent is this ‘creative-destructive’ misalignment now resolving? What factors are driving attempts at realignment, and what obstacles to a fully green shift remain? To address these questions, we divide this chapter into three parts, structured temporally. This allows us to explore the varying degrees of alignment between the state’s ‘creative’ and ‘destructive’ ambitions and capabilities from 2000 to 2021, and to anticipate the most likely future trajectory.
Creative-Destruction in China’s Strong and Smart Grid Initiatives: The Shift to Ultra-High Voltage
Authors: Thurbon Elizabeth , Kim Sung-Young , Tan Hao , Mathews John
Published: June 2023

In this chapter we examine China’s efforts to build an electric power grid capable of powering the world’s largest manufacturing system. China’s ‘strong and smart’ grid initiatives need to be examined in the context of the state’s emerging developmental-environmental orientation, and relatedly its evolving ‘creative’ and ‘destructive’ ambitions and capabilities. We ask: What has motivated the Chinese state to become so involved in ‘strong and smart’ grid industry creation initiatives, especially in the UHV grid arena? How have Chinese policymakers pursued their ‘creative’ ambitions? Why has the government appeared more ambitious in ‘strong and smart’ grid industry creation than in extricating fossil fuels out of the energy system? And to what extent is this ‘creative-destructive’ misalignment now resolving? We divide this chapter into three parts, structured temporally. This allows us to explore the varying degrees of alignment between the state’s ‘creative’ and ‘destructive’ ambitions from the 1980s to 2021.
Decoloniality, Abolitionism, and the Disruption of Penal Power
Authors: Cunneen Chris
Published: June 2023

This chapter explores the coloniality of power as it is exercised through the material practices, discourses, and underlying epistemological assumptions of the criminal legal system and sets out the necessity for and potential parameters for decolonizing criminology. There are three broad ideas which underpin this chapter and provide a structure to the analysis. The first is the importance of understanding colonialism and the coloniality of power. The modern state is a colonial state or, in Walter Mignolo’s terms, coloniality is constitutive of modernity. The second is the importance of subaltern knowledges, epistemologies, and methodologies, and how criminal justice and criminology have failed to move beyond imperialist and colonialist ways of representing and understanding the world. The third and final section of the chapter considers whether and what role criminology might play in the strategies for a decolonial abolitionist activism. The chapter argues the necessity for, and the challenges facing, decolonialism in the context of policing and penal power and the compromised position of criminology.
The Legacy of Colonial Patriarchy in the Current Administration of the Malaysian Death Penalty
Authors: Harry Lucy
Published: June 2023

This chapter addresses the issue of the disproportionate number of foreign national women sentenced to death for drug trafficking in Malaysia. It examines the double colonial history of, on the one hand, the death penalty and, on the other, the criminalization of drugs, and explores their convergence and legacy in contemporary Malaysian penal culture. Utilizing the concepts of ‘colonial patriarchy’ and ‘hyper-sentencing’, this chapter makes the case that the over-representation of economically precarious foreign national women on death row for drug trafficking in this jurisdiction is as a result of the interaction between colonial-era penal logics and neoliberal economic structures.
An Alternative Spotlight
Authors: Wilson Amanda
Published: June 2023

This chapter is concerned with the colonial dynamics of therapeutic jurisprudence. Several claims are made about therapeutic jurisprudence that suggests that it may have something important and beneficial to offer to Indigenous persons who come into contact with the system and efforts to decolonize criminal justice more broadly. Yet those claims have received scant critical attention. The colonial dynamics of therapeutic jurisprudence also remain understudied. The chapter takes the most widely recognized example of applied therapeutic jurisprudence—the drug court—as a case study and seeks to shed light on those lacunae. Drawing on observational fieldwork and interview data, the chapter explores the ways in which the structure and operations of those courts perpetuate colonial legacies. The implications of those findings are then discussed in the light of the claims made by proponents of therapeutic jurisprudence—in particular, the extent to which therapeutic jurisprudence can deliver healing for Indigenous persons.
Contested Governance of Collective Action against AMR in the EU
Authors: Carelli Daniel , Pierre Jon , Rönnerstrand Björn
Published: June 2023

The global health issue of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) brings difficult governance challenges at both the national and international level. The chapter provides insights into how these governance dynamics are spelled out in the European context. First, the chapter reports from an original survey to senior public servants working on AMR on their perceptions regarding which institution or actor that they believe should take the lead in governing AMR in Europe. Secondly, it describes the changing governance landscape in European public health that is currently under significant transformation as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings show an interesting mismatch between idealism and realism; although experts and citizens maintain that AMR should best be tackled at the global level orchestrated by the WHO, they tend to favour EU authority. The findings are discussed in light of the higher position of the EU in public health policy and the implications this brings for the governance of the collective action efforts to reduce AMR.
The Individual in Global and National AMR Governance
Authors: Davis Mark D. M.
Published: June 2023

This chapter considers how global and national AMR governance focuses on individuals in community settings and their use of antimicrobials. Using the lens of governmentality, the chapter shows how AMR governance of individuals comprises a sometimes contradictory mix of freedom to shape oneself and external constraint. Adopting the view that AMR is a reflection of complex biological, social, and economic systems, notional individual demand for antimicrobials is reframed as a reflection of the economic transactions in prescribing that supply these drugs. The chapter also considers a current in AMR governance—most obvious in some applications of behavioural economics theory—that makes individuals and what they do the AMR problem. To address some of the drawbacks that flow from these assumptions about the individual, the chapter argues for closer alignment of AMR governance with the real-life contexts in which individuals seek to care for themselves and loved ones when faced with an infection.
Adopting an Interdisciplinary Perspective
Authors: Barrett Janet Revell
Published: June 2023

Three visual metaphors introduce distinct vantage points for viewing music as a school subject: as a separate discipline with clearly defined boundaries that maintain its traditions and subject matter identity; as used instrumentally to address contemporary problems, softening its subject matter distinctions through melding and blending with other subjects; and as a permeable area of study that is both influenced by and in turn influences other areas of human experience. The metaphors suggest orientations to subject matter that are often mirrored in patterns of school organization or reform proposals. The chapter presents an argument for permeability that builds upon a strong subject matter orientation for music while enabling, even advocating, for its expansion into closely related realms of meaning. The chapter establishes the central premise for teachers drawn to an interdisciplinary perspective to music teaching and learning, taking shape and direction from this metaphor of permeability.
Triptych Play
Authors: Barrett Janet Revell
Published: June 2023

Juxtaposing artistic works in proximity invites relational thinking. Taking inspiration from forms of painting that consist of three panels, each panel related to the other, this chapter introduces the triptych strategy. This creative twist invites teachers and students to assemble groupings of three art works across three mediums, such as a musical work, a poem, and a painting. The process of selecting the works and tracing their associations across the three forms involves artistic curation and interpretation, while illustrating the pedagogical principles established earlier. The potential of this strategy is seen in four triptych sets, each featuring a different starting point. Included among the art works in this chapter are paintings by Jasper Johns, Chuck Close, Georgia O’Keeffe, and Mark Rothko; poetry from J. Patrick Lewis, Bobbi Katz, Jan Greenberg, and Laura Kasischke; and music from a range of composers as well as invitations to compose.