bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGATURAN DISIPLIN PNS DALAM PERATURAN PEMERINTAH NOMOR 94 TAHUN 2021 TENTANG DISIPLIN PNS
Authors: SHINTA DEWI SERAFINA
Published: October 2022

Penerapan disiplin Pegawai Negeri Sipil sangat dibutuhkan dalam peningkatan kualitas dan efektivitas kinerja seorang PNS. Permasalahan mengenai pelaksanaan ketentuan Disiplin Pegawai Negeri Sipil banyak ditemui dalam tugas kedinasan di setiap instansi Pemerintah. Peraturan terkait Disiplin Pegawai Negeri Sipil yang ditetapkan dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 53 Tahun 2010 tentang Disiplin Pegawai Negeri Sipil telah dicabut dan diganti dengan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 94 Tahun 2021 tentang Disiplin Pegawai Negeri Sipil. Dengan menggunakan metode yuridis normatif, maka dapat diketahui secara jelas gambaran mengenai pengaturan Disiplin bagi Pegawai Negeri Sipil, dimana ketentuan dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 94 Tahun 2021 tentang Disiplin Pegawai Negeri Sipil disusun dengan lebih lengkap, tegas dan terperinci dibandingan peraturan disiplin Pegawai Negeri Sipil sebelumnya.
OPTIMALISASI PENARIKAN DAN PENDISTRIBUSIAN ROYALTI HAK CIPTA OLEH LEMBAGA MANAJEMEN KOLEKTIF NASIONAL
Authors: Pramanto, S.H., M.H. Wahyu Jati
Published: October 2022

Pencipta, Pemegang Hak Cipta dan Pemilik Hak Terkait memiliki hak untuk mendapatkan imbalan yang layak dari hasil penggunaan Ciptaan atau produk Hak Terkait untuk kepentingan yang bersifat komersial. Berdasarkan ketentuan Pasal 89 Undang-undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta, pengelolaan hak cipta khususnya dibidang musik dan/atau lagu dilakukan oleh Lembaga Manajemen Kolektif Nasional (LMKN). LMKN memiliki kewenangan untuk menarik, menghimpun, dan mendistribusikan kembali Royalti yang didapat dari pengguna kepada para pemegang hak, yakni para pencipta, pemegang hak cipta dan pemilik hak terkait yang sudah mengkuasakan haknya kepada Lembaga Manajemen Kolektif yang memiliki izin operasional sebagai bagian dari LMKN itu sendiri. Namun dalam prakteknya masih saja ada kelemahan mendasar yang terjadi. Dibeberapa tempat dapat kita lihat adanya penolakan dari users untuk melakukan pembayaran royalti. Disisi lain masih terdapat kebingungan di masyarakat ataupun users kemana pembayaran royalti ini harus dilakukan karena adanya penagihan ganda, baik yang dilakukan oleh LMKN ataupun oleh oknum LMK yang seharusnya tidak mempunyai hak lagi untuk melakukan penarikan royalti. Hal lainnya adalah adanya pembayaran royalti yang tidak sesuai tarif yang ditetapkan akibat adanya penawaran pembayaran royalti yang dilakukan oleh users kepada LMKN. Hal ini tentu saja merugikan Pencipta, Pemegang Hak Cipta dan Pemilik Hak Terkait karena mengurangi pendapatan yang seharusnya mereka terima. Tujuan penulisan ini untuk mengetahui optimalisasi penarikan dan pendistribusian royalti hak cipta oleh Lembaga Manajemen Kolektif Nasional. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis yuridis kualitatif dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif atau penelitian hukum kepustakaan. Pada bagian akhir, penulisan ini juga memberikan rekomendasi agar pengelolaan royalti bisa berjalan dengan optimal, perlu ditunjang dengan sarana teknologi informasi dan komunikasi yang akuntabel, transparan dan aplikatif yakni berupa pusat data lagu dan/atau musik yang dikelola oleh Negara dan sistem informasi yang digunakan dalam penarikan dan pendistribusian royalti lagu yang dikelola oleh LMKN. Pusat data lagu sebagai himpunan data lagu dan/atau musik menjadi dasar baik bagi LMKN dalam pengelolaan royalti, juga bagi pihak-pihak yang menggunakan ciptaan untuk mendapatkan informasi dari lagu dan/atau musik yang akan digunakan secara komersial.
Exploring the Alternative Learning System Radio-based Instruction
Authors: Valdez (Chief Editor) Maribel G. , Paulican Jiemalyn B , Adriatico Jasmine J
Published: October 2022

A descriptive study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the ALS radio-based instruction broadcasted by dxBU of Bukidnon State University using the variables on curriculum, teaching/learning methods, monitoring and evaluation, instructional materials, learning environment and classroom environment, and ALS-RBI leadership and the feedback of the implementers, barangay Education Committee chairs, coordinators, specialists, supervisor, and learners. Using a researchers-made instrument with Cronbach alpha 0.90, the study found that all participants strongly agreed that the above variables are effectively implemented, with ANOVA showing no significant difference in the responses with consistent feedback among the participants. There were identified concerns which thus formed the recommendations of the study.
Self-Efficacy and Attitude towards Mathematics: It's Implication to Mathematics Learning
Authors: Repuya Christian Renales , Repuya Glorie Sumalinog
Published: October 2022

The study explored the implication of cognitive model to mathematics learning. Specifically, it determined the relationship and effects of students’ attitude towards mathematics (ATM) and mathematics self-efficacy (MSE) to students’ mathematics performance. The study utilized the mixed method of research. The participants of the study were the 304 second year teacher education students to determine the causes, effects, and ways of overcoming negative ATM and low MSE. Results revealed that students’ ATM and MSE were both significantly correlated and affect mathematics performance. The main cause of negative ATM was the teacher’s behavior and pedagogy. The causes of low MSE were personal ability; fear of committing mistakes; and destructive feedback from teachers. Students’ negative ATM and low MSE resulted on students performing less in class. To overcome these challenges, teachers should treat seriously the need for improving the cognitive model among the students, because it influences their lives today and in the future. Teachers should help students manage their thoughts, emotions, and behavior positively towards mathematics. It can be done through teachers’ careful curriculum planning, writing, & implementation with appropriate supported curriculum that aims to develop positive ATM and high MSE among students. The students also need their parents’ support through monitoring, and checking their progress.
Philippine Investment in the Tertiary Education of State Universities and Colleges
Authors: Valdez Maribel G. , Garcia Beatriz C
Published: October 2022

This study determined the Philippine government’s investment in state HEIs from 2005-2010 and their enrolments vis-á-vis the graduation and labor force participation. Findings reveal that SUCs’ budget increased every year with corresponding increase in expense per head, except for SY 2006-2007. Labor demand is low compared to the number of graduates from SUCs. Thus, analyses reveal that the government had a lost investment in tertiary education because the number of enrollees subsidized by the Philippine government decreased by the time they graduated. The number of those who became employed was even low. Recommendations include a strong link among SUCs, businesses, industries and other stakeholders, SUCs to offer student financial loans on priority courses, and influence they way of thinking of people towards entrepreneurship and self- employment.Keywords: Philippine investment, budget allocation, labor force participation, tertiary education
ANALISIS BREAK EVEN POINT SEBAGAI PERENCANAAN LABA PADA UD. SILVIA FOOD
Authors: Nadhiroh Anisatun , M. Nur Kurniawan , Wiji Utami Sari
Published: October 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui titik impas dan perencanaan laba di UD. Silvia Food. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh dari hasil wawancara langsung kepada responden yang bersangkutan. Analisis data menggunakan break even point (BEP) dan margin kongtribusi. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa titik impas   tahun 2018 sebesar Rp. 23.632.020 untuk kemasan 250 gram dan Rp. 21.948.102 untuk kemasan 500 gram. Titik impas tahun 2019 yaitu sebesar Rp. 27.310.494 untuk kemasan 250 gram dan Rp. 25.359.642 untuk kemasan 500 gram. Titik impas tahun 2020 yaitu Rp. 32.227.736 untuk kemasan 250 gram dan Rp. 29.307.138 untuk kemasan 500. Perusahaan merencanaan laba tahun 2021 sebesar 15% dari tahun 2020 yaitu perusahaan harus dapat melakukan penjualan sebesar Rp. 99.447.216 untuk kemasan 250 gram dan Rp. 187.500.518 untuk kemasan 500 gram. Untuk tahun 2022 perusahaan merencanakan laba sebesar 25%, untuk itu perusahaan harus dapat melakukan penjualan sebesar Rp. 131.090.032 untuk kemasan 250 gram dan Rp. 251.092.747 untuk kemasan 500 gram.
PENGARUH VARIASI MATERIAL ABSORBER TERHADAP EFISIENSI DESTILATOR AIR LAUT BERTENAGA SURYA TIPE SIRIP
Authors: Satriawan Dery , Siti Diah Ayu Febriani
Published: October 2022

Kebutuhan air terhadap perkembangan jumplah penduduk pada saat ini terus meningkat dari berbagai sektor yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan kehidupan pada masyarakat. Kebutuhan akan air tersebut meliputi dari sektor pertanian, industri, ekonomi, pembangunan dan sektor lainnya. Distilasi tenaga surya merupakan metode pemisah dan pemurnian dari cairan berupa air laut menjadi uap air dengan memanfaatkan energi matahari sebagai sumber energi utama. Penelitian tersebut dilakukan untuk mengetahui variasi dari pelat kuningan, tembaga dan alumunium yang digunakan sebagai absorber agar memaksimalkan nilai kuantitas air tawar dan nilai efisiensi. Distilator ini dilengkapi dengan reflektor dengan luas permukaan pelat penyerap 0,3969 m2 dengan kapasitas volume air laut yang dapat ditampung dalam bak penampung ±24 liter. Distilator ini terdiri dari tiga bagian utama yaitu penutup, bak penampung, dan dudukan distilator. Pengujian distilator dengan variasi pelat absorber dilakukan selama 4 jam pada tempat yang sama. Nilai kuantitas tertinggi diperoleh pada pelat tembaga sebanyak 0,206 liter dengan kualitas hasil air tawar sudah memenuhi standar untuk digunakan, tetapi memerlukan pengujian lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui standar pada kelayakan untuk di konsumsi. Nilai Efisiensi tertinggi diperoleh pada pelat tembaga sebesar 9,08 % dan rata-rata dari masing-masing pelat penyerap tersebut sebesar 5,23 %, 6,68 % dan 5,24 %. Efisiensi distilator sangat dipengaruhi oleh intensitas radiasi matahari yang diterima oleh alat distilasi, semakin tinggi intensitas radiasi matahari yang diterima maka laju penguapan air laut di dalam bak penampung semakin tinggi sehingga produksi air tawar pun juga tinggi dan berdampak pada efisiensi alat distilasi. Seluruh pengujian yang dilakukan dari masing-masing pelat absorber bertempat di rooftop Gedung Teknik.
ANALISIS LOSSES DAYA SEL SURYA DALAM FABRIKASI MODUL SURYA MONOCRYSTALLINE 330WP PT SANTINILESTARI ENERGI INDONESIA
Authors: Lukmato Yogik Indra , Muhammad Jubran Rizqullah  , Mohamad Wahyu Hidayat  , Siti Diah Ayu Febriani
Published: October 2022

Analisa Daya Losses Sel Surya dalam Fabrikasi Modul Surya Monocrystalline 330WP di PT. Dalam Fabrikasi sel Photovoltaic jenis Monocrystalline menjadi modul surya Monocrytaline 330WP yang diproduksi di divisi PEM PT SANTINILESTARI ENERGI INDONESIA,selama proses produksi dari sel surya menjadi modul surya maka perlu dilakukan perhitungan daya loses, pengambilan data yang dilakukan yaitu dengan cara perhitungan perancanan modul surya melalui spesifikasi sel surya yang digunakan serta menggunakan data dari hasil modul tester yang ada didivisi PEM. Berdasatkan data yang diambil dari hasil pengetesan modul surya dengan alat modul tester yang menggunakan penyinaran cahaya yang hampir sama dengan radiasi matahari sekitar 1000w/m2. dapat diketahui dari data modul tester yaitu Pmax tertinggi yang dihasilkan dari fabrikasi modul surya 330WP yaitu sebesar 341,2244 watt dan paling kecil sebesar 337,9535. serta dari hasil Analisa perhitungan daya loses dari perancangan sel surya menjadi modul surya dengan pengetesan akhir pada modul tester, daya loses pada modul surya yang tertinggi yaitu sebesar 4,522% dan losses paling rendah sebesar 3,59% dari daya perancangan awal sel photovoltaic menjadi modul surya.
ANALISIS EKSERGI SISTEM COMBINED HEAT AND POWER DI PABRIK GULA PESANTREN BARU
Authors: Agustin Ari , Bayu Rudiyanto
Published: October 2022

Sejak awal beroperasi, PG Pesantren Baru telah terintegrasi dengan sistem kogenerasi berbasis ampas tebu yang digolongkan sebagai sistem CHP. Penelitian ini akan mengevaluasi sistem CHP dalam ruang lingkup termodinamika dengan metode analisis eksergi, sehingga diketahui jumlah distribusi dua bentuk energi kogenerasi dan kinerja sistem. Sistem CHP menghasilkan dua bentuk energi secara simultan dari satu sumber energi primer, yaitu bentuk energi mekanik (power) sebesar 69.098,3 kW dan panas (heat) sebesar 2.662 kW. Sementara kinerja sistem CHP cenderung belum optimal. Kinerja sistem CHP dipengaruhi oleh adanya kesetimbangan antara besarnya perusakan eksergi dan efisiensi eksergetik sistem. Lebih mendasar lagi, analisis eksergi mampu menginterpretasikan faktor penyebab ketidakidealan suatu sistem menurut Hukum Termodinamika Kedua. Faktor penyebab ketidakidealan suatu sistem dinyatakan dengan ireversibillitas (ketidakmampuan balik). Terdapat dua jenis ireversibillitas yaitu ireversibilitas internal dan eksternal. Perusakan eksergi merujuk pada ireversibilitas internal dan dipengaruhi oleh adanya aliran entropi ireversibilitas internal yang timbul dari proses perpindahan panas spontan. Perpindahan panas spontan memungkinkan perusakan eksergi hanya terjadi pada komponen penukar panas atau komponen yang melibatkan adanya perbedaan temperatur pada prosesnya.
Rancang Bangun Fitur Chatbot Pada Website Politeknik Masamy Internasional
Authors: Pratiwi Inggrid Yanuar Risca , Ikhwan Yahdi , Rahman Rifki Zainur
Published: October 2022

Website menyajikan informasi yang dapat terpublikasi dan menjadi konsumsi masyarakat sehingga masyarakat dapat memperoleh informasi lebih cepat dan informatif. Berkembangnya teknologi muncul berbagai kemudahan pengguna dalam memperoleh informasi lebih cepat melalui Chatbot. Pengujung website kampus Politeknik Masamy Internasional (POLMAIN) dapat  membaca informasi pada masing-masing halaman website. Informasi yang disajikan pada website dirasa kurang lengkap dan informatif dalam mencari data atau informasi karena tidak memiliki fasilitas pencarian sehingga pengunjung harus membaca informasi satu per satu pada halaman website hingga pengunjung website mendapatkan informasi yang dibutuhkan. Permasalahan yang dihadapi adalah semakin hari jumlah pengguna yang ingin mengajukan pertanyaan dalam waktu bersamaan semakin banyak dan membutuhkan respon dengan cepat sehingga perancangan fitur chatbot ini diharapkan dapat membantu dalam mengatasi permasalahan tersebut untuk mempercepat pengguna mendapatkan informasi tentang kampus POLMAIN serta agar website kampus POLMIN lebih interaktif karena dapat melakukan tanya jawab untuk memberikan informasi. Chatbot pada website kampus POLMAIN ini dibangun menggunakan platform Eva.id.

Perancangan fitur chatbot website kampus POLMAIN ini memiliki beberapa tahap yaitu identifikasi masalah, identifikasi dataset melalui survei pertanyaan, pengumpulan data, membuat dataset, identifikasi spesifikasi perangkat kersa dan perangkat lunak, perancangan chatbot, implementasi chatbot dan ujicoba. Hasil survei pertanyaan dijadikan sebagai dataset knowledge base pertanyaan pada chatbot. Platform Eva.id membantu pembuatan fitur chatbot ini dimana penulis memasukkan dataset kedalam fitur knowledge based pada platform Eva.id. Knowledge based telah terbentuk, selanjutnya adalah tahap pengintegrasian chatbot ke website kampus POLMAIN dilakukan dengan menyalin script web widget dengan bahasa javascript di fitur channel dari platform Eva.id, selanjutnya script tersebut ditambahkan dalam script tampilan website POLMAIN.

Fitur chatbot ini memiliki dua(2) hak akses yaitu admin dan pengguna. Admin dapat mengelola pertanyaan, jawaban, keyword dan live chat. Pengguna dapat bertanya melalui bot atau melalui live chat dan menerima jawaban pertanyaan. Fitur chatbot pada website POLMAIN ini dapat membuat fungsi website sebagai pusat informasi yang lebih dinamis dan realtime tanpa harus membuka platform lain seperti aplikasi chatting Whatsapp karena memiliki fasilitas live chat sehingga lebih efisien dan mudah digunakan.
Protective Effects of Coadministration of the Vitamin E and Omega-3 on Doxorubicin-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice
Authors: Lotfi Amirhosain , Mashhady Rafie Siamak , Hesaraki Saeed , Amini Kumarss
Published: October 2022

Background: Doxorubicin is a favorite drug for feasting many malignancies. All organs' hepatic toxic effects are destructive and lead to use with caution. Then, it is necessary to increase antioxidants accompanied with doxorubicin to reduce its toxicity. Vitamin E is an antioxidant with harmful consequences. Omega-3 is an antioxidant similarly. The healing capacity of Vitamin E- Omega-3 was investigated together against doxorubicin. Methods: Thirty balb/c mice have divided a weight of 25 g into five equal groups of six mice each. The groups were classified as Control: Normal saline; DOX: Doxorubicin; Vitamin E: Vitamin E + DOX; Omega-3; Omega-3 + DOX; Both Vitamin E- Omega-3 + DOX. The histopathology was set to describe vacuolar degeneration, inflammation, and necrosis. Immunohistochemistry was performed to estimate the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), demonstrating the inflammation. Results: DOX-induced hepatic injury and increased TNF-α expression were seen more than alone when co-administered with vitamin E and omega-3. A significant decrease was shown in the ALT, AST, GGT, and ALP levels compared to the control. The Glutathione peroxidase and Catalase enzyme activities were higher in the co-administered Vitamin E- Omega-3 group than that received Vit E or Omega-3. Conclusions: Co-administration of Vitamin E and Omega-3 have a more repair capacity with controlling effects on Doxorubicin-induced liver toxicity.
Species delimitation in the genus Ochraethes Chevrolat, 1860 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), with description of two new species
Authors: Pérez-Flores Óscar , Toledo-Hernández Víctor H.
Published: October 2022

Based on morphological and molecular data we investigated the species boundaries in the genus Ochraethes Chevrolat, 1860. The species delimitation with cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) data supports some synonymies and highlights the existence of a high phenotypic plasticity in some species. The following species are considered as new junior synonyms: O. virescens (Chevrolat, 1860) syn. nov. of O. brevicornis (Chevrolat, 1860), O. octomaculata Chemsak & Noguera 2001 syn. nov. of Ochraethes cinereolus (Bates, 1892) comb. nov., O. zebratus Bates, 1885 syn. nov. of O. obliquus (Chevrolat, 1860), Trichoxys giesberti Botero, Santos-Silva & Wappes, 2019 syn. nov. of O. sommeri (Chevrolat, 1835), O. clerinus (Bates, 1892) of O. viridiventris (Chevrolat, 1860), O. cristoforii (Chevrolat, 1860) syn. nov. and O. litura Bates, 1885 syn. nov. of O. z-littera (Chevrolat, 1860). Two new species are described from Mexico: Ochraethes confusus sp. nov., and Ochraethes nigroapicalis sp. nov.
Den inkarnerade kyrkan – synliggjord
Authors: Berntson Martin
Published: October 2022

The theme of the Festschrift to Carsten Bach-Nielsen in Aarhus is den sete kirke, i. e. “the seen church”. The theme derives its meaning from the fact that the Church is not just an abstraction or an invisible community, but also something that is incarnated, as it were, in the world. From the various articles in the volume, I have derived four themes concerning this “seen” Church. First, the “seen Church” always takes different material forms. The physical materials, such as church buildings, have according to the “material turn” the ability to transform us. During the Enlightenment and Pietism, the material forms of the physical church were often regarded as something negative. The “outward” forms were even considered dangerous whereas true Christianity was to be found deeply inside of man. Second, the survival of the “seen Church” has often been discussed. Should the cultural ecclesiastical heritage be something made for eternity, or has it an intrinsic value in always adjusting to the present situation? In either case, it is seldom possible to liberate the forms from its presumed content. Third, despite the skepticism from Pietism and the Enlightenment, the material forms in church culture regained their value during the 20th century. The “true church” could actually manifest itself in “seen” forms. Fourth, the “seen Church” cannot be isolated from its context. The Church as an institution is not limited to its buildings, and the activities in these buildings were, at least in earlier times, aimed at preserving society as a whole. Finally, it can be said that since history is always present in the “seen Church”, it is of importance to relate consciously to this history.
In situ X-ray-assisted electron microscopy staining for large biological samples
Authors: Ströh Sebastian , Hammerschmith Eric W , Tank David W , Seung H Sebastian , Wanner Adrian Andreas
Published: October 2022

Electron microscopy of biological tissue has recently seen an unprecedented increase in imaging throughput moving the ultrastructural analysis of large tissue blocks such as whole brains into the realm of the feasible. However, homogeneous, high-quality electron microscopy staining of large biological samples is still a major challenge. To date, assessing the staining quality in electron microscopy requires running a sample through the entire staining protocol end-to-end, which can take weeks or even months for large samples, rendering protocol optimization for such samples to be inefficient. Here, we present an in situ time-lapsed X-ray-assisted staining procedure that opens the ‘black box’ of electron microscopy staining and allows observation of individual staining steps in real time. Using this novel method, we measured the accumulation of heavy metals in large tissue samples immersed in different staining solutions. We show that the measured accumulation of osmium in fixed tissue obeys empirically a quadratic dependence between the incubation time and sample size. We found that potassium ferrocyanide, a classic reducing agent for osmium tetroxide, clears the tissue after osmium staining and that the tissue expands in osmium tetroxide solution, but shrinks in potassium ferrocyanide reduced osmium solution. X-ray-assisted staining gave access to the in situ staining kinetics and allowed us to develop a diffusion-reaction-advection model that accurately simulates the measured accumulation of osmium in tissue. These are first steps towards in silico staining experiments and simulation-guided optimization of staining protocols for large samples. Hence, X-ray-assisted staining will be a useful tool for the development of reliable staining procedures for large samples such as entire brains of mice, monkeys, or humans.
scRNA-sequencing reveals subtype-specific transcriptomic perturbations in DRG neurons of PirtEGFPf mice in neuropathic pain condition
Authors: Zhang Chi , Hu Ming-Wen , Wang Xue-Wei , Cui Xiang , Liu Jing , Huang Qian , Cao Xu , Zhou Feng-Quan , Qian Jiang , He Shao-Qiu , Guan Yun
Published: October 2022

Functionally distinct subtypes/clusters of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons may play different roles in nerve regeneration and pain. However, details about their transcriptomic changes under neuropathic pain conditions remain unclear. Chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve represents a well-established model of neuropathic pain, and we conducted single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to characterize subtype-specific perturbations of transcriptomes in lumbar DRG neurons on day 7 post-CCI. By using PirtEGFPf mice that selectively express an enhanced green fluorescent protein in DRG neurons, we established a highly efficient purification process to enrich neurons for scRNA-seq. We observed the emergence of four prominent CCI-induced clusters and a loss of marker genes in injured neurons. Importantly, a portion of injured neurons from several clusters were spared from injury-induced identity loss, suggesting subtype-specific transcriptomic changes in injured neurons. Moreover, uninjured neurons, which are necessary for mediating the evoked pain, also demonstrated cell-type-specific transcriptomic perturbations in these clusters, but not in others. Notably, male and female mice showed differential transcriptomic changes in multiple neuronal clusters after CCI, suggesting transcriptomic sexual dimorphism in DRG neurons after nerve injury. Using Fgf3 as a proof-of-principle, RNAscope study provided further evidence of increased Fgf3 in injured neurons after CCI, supporting scRNA-seq analysis, and calcium imaging study unraveled a functional role of Fgf3 in neuronal excitability. These findings may contribute to the identification of new target genes and the development of DRG neuron cell-type-specific therapies for optimizing neuropathic pain treatment and nerve regeneration.
A novel monocyte differentiation pattern in pristane-induced lupus with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage
Authors: Han Shuhong , Zhuang Haoyang , Arja Rawad Daniel , Reeves Westley H
Published: October 2022

Pristane causes chronic peritoneal inflammation resulting in lupus, which in C57BL/6 mice is complicated by lung microvascular injury and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH). Mineral oil (MO) also causes inflammation, but not lupus or DAH. Since monocyte depletion prevents DAH, we examined the role of monocytes in the disease. Impaired bone marrow (BM) monocyte egress in Ccr2−/− mice abolished DAH, confirming the importance of monocyte recruitment to the lung. Circulating Ly6Chi monocytes from pristane-treated mice exhibited increased annexin-V staining in comparison with MO-treated controls without evidence of apoptosis, suggesting that pristane alters the distribution of phosphatidylserine in the plasma membrane before or shortly after monocyte egress from the BM. Plasma membrane asymmetry also was impaired in Nr4a1-regulated Ly6Clo/− ‘patrolling’ monocytes, which are derived from Ly6Chi precursors. Patrolling Ly6Clo/− monocytes normally promote endothelial repair, but their phenotype was altered in pristane-treated mice. In contrast to MO-treated controls, Nr4a1-regulated Ly6Clo/− monocytes from pristane-treated mice were CD138+, expressed more TremL4, a protein that amplifies TLR7 signaling, and exuberantly produced TNFα in response to TLR7 stimulation. TremL4 expression on these novel CD138+ monocytes was regulated by Nr4a1. Thus, monocyte CD138, high TremL4 expression, and annexin-V staining may define an activated/inflammatory subtype of patrolling monocytes associated with DAH susceptibility. By altering monocyte development, pristane exposure may generate activated Ly6Chi and Ly6Clo/− monocytes, contributing to lung microvascular endothelial injury and DAH susceptibility.
Enriched dietary saturated fatty acids induce trained immunity via ceramide production that enhances severity of endotoxemia and clearance of infection
Authors: Seufert Amy L , Hickman James W , Traxler Ste K , Peterson Rachael M , Waugh Trent A , Lashley Sydney J , Shulzhenko Natalia , Napier Ruth J , Napier Brooke A
Published: October 2022

Trained immunity is an innate immune memory response that is induced by a primary inflammatory stimulus that sensitizes monocytes and macrophages to a secondary pathogenic challenge, reprogramming the host response to infection and inflammatory disease. Dietary fatty acids can act as inflammatory stimuli, but it is unknown if they can act as the primary stimuli to induce trained immunity. Here we find mice fed a diet enriched exclusively in saturated fatty acids (ketogenic diet; KD) confer a hyper-inflammatory response to systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and increased mortality, independent of diet-induced microbiome and hyperglycemia. We find KD alters the composition of the hematopoietic stem cell compartment and enhances the response of bone marrow macrophages, monocytes, and splenocytes to secondary LPS challenge. Lipidomics identified enhanced free palmitic acid (PA) and PA-associated lipids in KD-fed mice serum. We found pre-treatment with physiologically relevant concentrations of PA induces a hyper-inflammatory response to LPS in macrophages, and this was dependent on the synthesis of ceramide. In vivo, we found systemic PA confers enhanced inflammation and mortality in response to systemic LPS, and this phenotype was not reversible for up to 7 days post-PA-exposure. Conversely, we find PA exposure enhanced clearance ofCandida albicansinRag1-/-mice. Lastly, we show that oleic acid, which depletes intracellular ceramide, reverses PA-induced hyper-inflammation in macrophages and enhanced mortality in response to LPS.These implicate enriched dietary SFAs, and specifically PA, in the induction of long-lived innate immune memory and highlight the plasticity of this innate immune reprogramming by dietary constituents.
Alternative splicing of apoptosis genes promotes human T cell survival
Authors: Blake Davia , Radens Caleb M , Ferretti Max B , Gazzara Matthew R , Lynch Kristen W
Published: October 2022

Alternative splicing occurs in the vast majority of human genes, giving rise to distinct mRNA and protein isoforms. We, and others, have previously identified hundreds of genes that change their isoform expression upon T cell activation via alternative splicing; however, how these changes link activation input with functional output remains largely unknown. Here, we investigate how costimulation of T cells through the CD28 receptor impacts alternative splicing in T cells activated through the T cell receptor (TCR, CD3) and find that while CD28 signaling alone has minimal impact on splicing, it enhances the extent of change for up to 20% of TCR-induced alternative splicing events. Interestingly, a set of CD28-enhanced splicing events occur within genes encoding key components of the apoptotic signaling pathway; namely caspase-9, Bax, and Bim. Using both CRISPR-edited cells and antisense oligos to force expression of specific isoforms, we show for all three of these genes that the isoform induced by CD3/CD28 costimulation promotes resistance to apoptosis, and that changes in all three genes together function combinatorially to further promote cell viability. Finally, we show that the JNK signaling pathway, induced downstream of CD3/CD28 costimulation, is required for each of these splicing events, further highlighting their co-regulation. Together, these findings demonstrate that alternative splicing is a key mechanism by which costimulation of CD28 promotes viability of activated T cells.
Structure of SARS-CoV-2 M protein in lipid nanodiscs
Authors: Dolan Kimberly A , Dutta Mandira , Kern David M , Kotecha Abhay , Voth Gregory A , Brohawn Stephen G
Published: October 2022

SARS-CoV-2 encodes four structural proteins incorporated into virions, spike (S), envelope (E), nucleocapsid (N), and membrane (M). M plays an essential role in viral assembly by organizing other structural proteins through physical interactions and directing them to sites of viral budding. As the most abundant protein in the viral envelope and a target of patient antibodies, M is a compelling target for vaccines and therapeutics. Still, the structure of M and molecular basis for its role in virion formation are unknown. Here, we present the cryo-EM structure of SARS-CoV-2 M in lipid nanodiscs to 3.5 Å resolution. M forms a 50 kDa homodimer that is structurally related to the SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a viroporin, suggesting a shared ancestral origin. Structural comparisons reveal how intersubunit gaps create a small, enclosed pocket in M and large open cavity in ORF3a, consistent with a structural role and ion channel activity, respectively. M displays a strikingly electropositive cytosolic surface that may be important for interactions with N, S, and viral RNA. Molecular dynamics simulations show a high degree of structural rigidity in a simple lipid bilayer and support a role for M homodimers in scaffolding viral assembly. Together, these results provide insight into roles for M in coronavirus assembly and structure.
Deepfake attack prevention using steganography GANs
Authors: Noreen Iram , Muneer Muhammad Shahid , Gillani Saira
Published: October 2022

Background

Deepfakes are fake images or videos generated by deep learning algorithms. Ongoing progress in deep learning techniques like auto-encoders and generative adversarial networks (GANs) is approaching a level that makes deepfake detection ideally impossible. A deepfake is created by swapping videos, images, or audio with the target, consequently raising digital media threats over the internet. Much work has been done to detect deepfake videos through feature detection using a convolutional neural network (CNN), recurrent neural network (RNN), and spatiotemporal CNN. However, these techniques are not effective in the future due to continuous improvements in GANs. Style GANs can create fake videos with high accuracy that cannot be easily detected. Hence, deepfake prevention is the need of the hour rather than just mere detection.

Methods

Recently, blockchain-based ownership methods, image tags, and watermarks in video frames have been used to prevent deepfake. However, this process is not fully functional. An image frame could be faked by copying watermarks and reusing them to create a deepfake. In this research, an enhanced modified version of the steganography technique RivaGAN is used to address the issue. The proposed approach encodes watermarks into features of the video frames by training an “attention model” with the ReLU activation function to achieve a fast learning rate.

Results

The proposed attention-generating approach has been validated with multiple activation functions and learning rates. It achieved 99.7% accuracy in embedding watermarks into the frames of the video. After generating the attention model, the generative adversarial network has trained using DeepFaceLab 2.0 and has tested the prevention of deepfake attacks using watermark embedded videos comprising 8,074 frames from different benchmark datasets. The proposed approach has acquired a 100% success rate in preventing deepfake attacks. Our code is available at https://github.com/shahidmuneer/deepfakes-watermarking-technique.
Effects of different fertilizers on nutrient quality and mineral elements in different economic forage groups in Qilian Mountain alpine meadows
Authors: Chen Xin , Jiao Ting , Nie Zhongnan , Zhang Degang , Wang Juan , Qi Juan
Published: October 2022

The objective of this study was to examine the responses of nutrient quality and mineral elements of forages in different economic groups forages in the Qilian Mountains alpine meadows to different fertilization treatments. Eight fertilization treatments, potassium (K), nitrogen (N), zinc (Z), boric (B), copper (Cu), phosphorus (P), molybdenum (Mo), and selenium (Se), were sprayed onto forage roots, and no fertilizer was applied as a blank control (CK), with four replicates in each group. The forage trace element contents and nutritional quality of each economic group in to different treatments were determined in mid-August, and the trace element surplus and deficiency were analyzed. Compared with that in the control, the forage crude protein (CP) content in different economic groups under different fertilization treatments increased and fluctuated within the range of 7.7%–23.94%. The dry matter digestibility (DMD) ranged from 38.78% to 77.34% and showed no significant differences in DMD among treatments (P > 0.05). The DMD of legume forages was significantly higher than those of Gramineae grasses and sedges; there were no significant differences in forage acid detergent fiber (ADF) between any treatments and the control (P > 0.05), but ADF showed a decreasing trend in the treatments compared with that in the control. The P content increased by 81.81% in legumes (P < 0.05); however, it decreased by 38.46% and 61.29% in wilted grass and forbs (P < 0.05) and increased in Gramineae grasses and legumes under N treatment by 92.86% and 50% (P < 0.05), respectively. The Cu content under Cu, N, Zn, B and Se treatments increased significantly by 33.81%∼346.49% compared with that in the control. There were no significant differences in Zn content among the economic groups under different treatments (P > 0.05), but legumes showed better absorption of Zn. Consequently, the forages in this study were evaluated as having medium Cu (8.1–20 mg/kg), medium Se (0.11–1.0 mg/kg), and medium (30.1–60 mg/kg) to high (60.1–100 mg/kg) Zn contents. Comprehensive analysis showed that the application of different fertilizers could increase the CP and DMD of various forages, reduce ADF, and effectively improve the nutritional quality of pastures. The contents of N, Cu, Zn, and Se in forages increased under all treatments, and the contents of all forage elements were at appropriate levels. Applying K, N, P, Cu and Mo is beneficial to dominant species in Qilian Mountains alpine meadows.
Anthropogenic influences on the distribution of a threatened apex-predator around sustainable-use reserves following hydropower dam installation
Authors: Raffo Deborah C. Dávila , Norris Darren , Hartz Sandra Maria , Michalski Fernanda
Published: October 2022

Although previous studies demonstrate declines in many large bodied species following hydropower dam installation, others suggest that some species, including the giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis) may return to newly created reservoir habitats. Yet, there is a lack of evidence to support such theories. Here, we analyzed the effects of a hydropower dam on giant otters using a before-after control-impact study design in the eastern Brazilian Amazon. We collected data 3 years before (2011–2012 and 2015) and after (2017–2019) dam construction, totaling 6,459 km of surveys along rivers with 43 direct sightings of giant otters. Contrary to expectations, our results revealed that giant otters did not remain nor did they return to the dam reservoir. Beyond the zone directly impacted by the dam giant otter occurrence and relative abundance declined next to sustainable-use reserves where the river was more intensely used by people. Our study showed that in the absence of active management sustainable-use reserves and low human density were not sufficient to maintain this apex-predator. Our findings suggest a need to proactively create and maintain areas with low levels of anthropogenic disturbance to enable sustainable coexistence between energy demands and biodiversity across Amazonia.
Metoda obliczeń parametrów stopnia turbiny chłodzonej w projekcie koncepcyjnym zespołu
Authors: Antas Stanisław
Published: October 2022

W pracy przedstawiono podstawowe rodzaje układów chłodzenia turbin lotniczych silników przepływowych oraz zasadnicze metody chłodzenia łopatek wieńców stopnia turbiny. W głównej części artykułu zaprezentowano metodę wyznaczania parametrów strumienia w przekrojach wyjściowych wieńców stopnia turbiny chłodzonej, polegającej na wykonaniu w pierwszym etapie obliczeń parametrów termicznych i kinematycznych strumienia oraz geometrycznych na średnicy średniej w stopniu niechłodzonym. Drugi etap metody obejmuje korektę parametrów spalin oraz parametrów geometrycznych profili wieńca dyszowego i wirnikowego w stopniu chłodzonym. Metoda może być stosowana w trakcie realizacji projektu koncepcyjnego stopnia osiowej turbiny chłodzonej, a oparto ją na równaniu zachowania energii, równaniu ciągłości przepływu, równaniu Eulera, pierwszej zasadzie termodynamiki oraz definicjach współczynników używanych w teorii maszyn wirnikowych. Końcowa część pracy zawiera zalecenia dotyczące parametrów geometrycznych profili wieńców chłodzonych oraz wnioski.
PENGARUH BRAND ASSOCIATION DAN NUTRITION LABEL TERHADAP PERILAKU PASCA PEMBELIAN CIMORY YOGURT: EFEK MODERASI FAMILY ORIENTATION
Authors: Mulyono Tania Emmanuela , Kunto Yohanes Sondang
Published: October 2022

Cimory berusaha menciptakan brand association positif secara unik dengan memasangkan produk susu mereka dengan taman (edukasi) hiburan dan restoran. Menimbang produk susu, termasuk yogurt, dianggap oleh banyak orang sebagai produk yang sehat, peneliti tertarik untuk mempelajari pikiran konsumen tentang pengaruh brand association dan nutrition label terhadap perilaku pasca pembelian Cimory Yogurt. Data berasal dari 126 konsumen Cimory Yogurt yang tinggal di Jakarta dan Surabaya. Menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda, peneliti kemudian menyertakan efek moderasi psikografis family orientation ke dalam model. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa brand association berpengaruh positif baik terhadap minat beli kembali maupun minat untuk merekomendasikan. Lebih jauh, pengaruh brand association tersebut semakin kuat jika konsumen berasal dari segmen family-oriented. Pengaruh yang demikian tidak terjadi pada nutrition label. Ini menunjukkan bahwa bahkan pada produk makanan sehat, peran nutrition label belum menjadi hal penting untuk membentuk perilaku pasca pembelian yang positif, setidaknya dalam kasus Cimory Yogurt.
Perception of nursing managers about technovigilance in the light of patient safety / Percepção dos gestores de enfermagem sobre a tecnovigilância à luz da segurança do paciente.
Authors: Santos Dutra Carla Rayane , De Queiroz Lima Luan José , Pereira de Oliveira Millena Rebeca , Tavares Galvão de Pontes. Carla Sandyele , Dos Santos Gabriela Fernanda , Lopes Oliveira Diego Augusto
Published: October 2022

Objetivo: descrever a percepção de enfermeiros envolvidos na gestão de enfermagem sobre a tecnovigilância à luz da segurança do paciente. Método: estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, realizada com enfermeiros gestores lotados em um hospital referência em trauma de Pernambuco. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semi estruturada de abril à maio de 2020 e analisados por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdos de Bardin. Resultado: a análise levou ao surgimento de duas categorias temáticas: “Ações de cuidado com o equipamento e sua relação no cuidar do paciente” e “Uso e manuseio de equipamentos pela equipe de enfermagem e suas consequências na segurança do paciente”. Conclusão: evidenciou-se que os gestores demonstram entendimento acerca da importância do desenvolvimento de ações voltadas a tecnovigilância, como também de sua influência frente à equipe de enfermagem na promoção de uma assistência mais segura e de qualidade nas instituições de saúde.
Association Between Pretransplant Dialysis Modality and Kidney Transplant Outcomes
Authors: Ngamvichchukorn Tanun , Ruengorn Chidchanok , Noppakun Kajohnsak , Thavorn Kednapa , Hutton Brian , Sood Manish M. , Knoll Greg A. , Nochaiwong Surapon
Published: October 2022

Importance

The benefits and disadvantages of different pretransplant dialysis modalities and their posttransplant outcomes remain unclear in contemporary kidney transplant care.

Objective

To summarize the available evidence of the association of different pretransplant dialysis modalities, including hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis (PD), with posttransplant outcomes.

Data Sources

MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, CINAHL, and gray literature were searched from inception to March 18, 2022 (updated to April 1, 2022), for relevant studies and with no language restrictions.

Study Selection

Randomized clinical trials and nonrandomized observational (case-control and cohort) studies that investigated the association between pretransplant dialysis modality and posttransplant outcomes regardless of age or donor sources (living or deceased) were abstracted independently by 2 reviewers.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology reporting guidelines, 2 reviewers independently extracted relevant information using a standardized approach. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate pooled adjusted hazard ratio (HR) or odds ratio and 95% CI.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Primary outcomes included all-cause mortality, overall graft failure, death-censored graft failure, and delayed graft function. Secondary outcomes included acute rejection, graft vessel thrombosis, oliguria, de novo heart failure, and new-onset diabetes after transplant.

Results

The study analyzed 26 nonrandomized studies (1 case-control and 25 cohort), including 269 715 patients (mean recipient age range, 14.5-67.0 years; reported proportions of female individuals, 29.4%-66.9%) whose outcomes associated with pretransplant hemodialysis vs pretransplant PD were compared. No significant difference, with very low certainty of evidence, was observed between pretransplant PD and all-cause mortality (13 studies; n = 221 815; HR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.84-1.01]; P = .08) as well as death-censored graft failure (5 studies; n = 96 439; HR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.85-1.14]; P = .81). However, pretransplant PD was associated with a lower risk for overall graft failure (10 studies; n = 209 287; HR, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.92-0.99]; P = .02; very low certainty of evidence) and delayed graft function (6 studies; n = 47 118; odds ratio, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.70-0.76]; P < .001; low certainty of evidence). Secondary outcomes were inconclusive due to few studies with available data.

Conclusions and Relevance

Results of the study suggest that pretransplant PD is a preferred dialysis modality option during the transition to kidney transplant. Future studies are warranted to address shared decision-making between health care professionals, patients, and caregivers as well as patient preferences.
Identification of Symptom Phenotypes of Hand Osteoarthritis Using Hierarchical Clustering: Results From the DIGICOD Cohort
Authors: Binvignat Marie , Pires Gabriel , Tchitchek Nicolas , Costantino Félicie , Courties Alice , Klatzmann David , Butte Atul J. , Combe Bernard , Dougados Maxime , Richette Pascal , Mariotti‐Ferrandiz Encarnita , Berenbaum Francis , Sellam Jérémie
Published: October 2022

Objective

We aimed to delineate phenotypes in hand osteoarthritis (HOA) based on cardinal symptoms (pain, functional limitation, stiffness, and aesthetic discomfort).

Methods

With data from the Digital Cohort Design (DIGICOD), we performed a hierarchical agglomerative clustering analysis based on Australian/Canadian Osteoarthritis Hand Index (AUSCAN) subscores for pain, physical function, stiffness, and visual analog scale for aesthetic discomfort. Kruskal‐Wallis and post hoc analyses were used to assess differences between clusters.

Results

Among 389 patients, we identified 5 clusters: cluster 1 (n = 88) and cluster 2 (n = 91) featured low and mild symptoms; cluster 3 (n = 80) featured isolated aesthetic discomfort; cluster 4 (n = 42) featured a high level of pain, stiffness, and functional limitation; and cluster 5 (n = 88) had the same features as cluster 4 but with high aesthetic discomfort. For clusters 4 and 5, AUSCAN pain score was >41 of 100, representing only one‐third of our patients. Aesthetic discomfort (clusters 3 and 5) was significantly associated with erosive HOA and a higher number of nodes. The highly symptomatic cluster 5 was associated but not significantly with metabolic syndrome, and body mass index and C‐reactive protein level did not differ among clusters. Symptom intensity was significantly associated with joint destruction as well as with physical and psychological burden. Patients’ main expectations differed among clusters, and function improvement was the most frequent expectation overall.

Conclusion

The identification of distinct clinical clusters based on HOA cardinal symptoms suggests previously undescribed subtypes of this condition, warranting further study of biological characteristics of such clusters, and opening a path toward phenotype‐based personalized medicine in HOA.