bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temperiranje utakanja jestivih ulja procesnim uređajima u industriji ulja "Dijamant" a.d. Zrenjanin
Authors: Salemović Duško , Dedić Aleksandar , Varga Erne , Halas Dragan
Published: June 2017

Pri izradi ovog rada vodilo se računa da se načini snažan iskorak od teorije ka praksi, te da se hronološki, tehničkim i tehnološkim redosledom, što sveobuhvatnije obrade detalji koji su vezani za tehnologiju temperiranja fluida, odnosno rafinisanih jestivih ulja,a za potrebe utakanja i ambalažiranja. Istovremeno, ciljano je da se kriterijumi i zahtevnosti iz oblasti primene i eksploatacije procesnih postrojenja i uređaja, ukalkulišu do stvaranja ambijenta mogućeg osavremenjivanja ovog termotehničkog sistema. U radu je pažnja posvećena kako iskorišćenju karakteristika samog postrojenja, tako i procesnih fluida u sistemu (sa aspekta ekonomičnosti), razrade i proračuna svih elemenata, do domena moguće racionalizacije.
Numerička simulacija dvofaznog strujanja i razmene toplote u vertikalnom generatoru pare
Authors: Joksimović Ivan , Petrović Milan M. , Stevanović Vladimir
Published: June 2017

U radu je predstavljen dvodimenzijski termohidraulički model strujanja dvofazne mešavine oko snopa cevi vertikalnog generatora pare, kao i model za proračun toplotnog fluksa između predajnika i prijemnika toplote. Model dva fluida je primenjen za simulaciju strujanja dvofazne mešavine na strani prijemnika toplote i zasnovan je na jednačinama bilansa mase, količine kretanja i energije za svaku fazu pojedinačno. Procesi na međufaznim razdelnim površinama su modelirani na osnovu odgovarajućih konstitutivnih korelacija. Takođe, u radu su predstavljeni različiti načini modeliranja sile međufaznog trenja, koji se koriste u komercijalnim softverskim paketima za CFD simulacije i programima za analize sigurnosti nuklearnih reaktora. Predviđanje toplotnog fluksa izvršeno je modelom razmene toplote, koji obuhvata mehanizme jednofazne konvekcije, pothlađenog ključanja i razvijenog mehurastog ključanja. Rezultati dobijeni numeričkom simulacijom su upoređeni sa izmerenim vrednostima dostupnim u literaturi. Razvijeni model predstavlja podršku pri projektovanju generatora pare, a rezultati pružaju detaljan uvid u termohidrauličke parametre procesa.
Inženjerska etika
Authors: Genić Srbislav , Aćimović Branislav , Manić Nebojša , Marković Saša
Published: June 2017

Cilj ovog teksta je sistematizacija osnovnih principa inženjerske etike, čije poznavanje može biti od koristi inženjerima kada postoji moralna dilema ili profesionalni konflikt. Ovo je skraćerni oblik predavanja koje je održano u dva navrata u SMEITS-u.
Različitost procesa sušenja i rešenja kondezacionih sušara sa toplotnom pumpom
Authors: Topić Radivoje M. , Živković Milovan , Tasić Jelena R. , Topić Goran R.
Published: June 2017

Pošto se u literaturi (većina literaturnih izvora) i praksi (većina proizvođača i korisnika) poistovećuju rešenja i procesi u kondenzacionim sušarama i sušarama sa toplotnom pompom, tačnije ne pravi se razlika sa aspekta konstrukcije rešenja i odgovarajućih procesa, u radu se razmatraju, analiziraju i upoređuju rešenja ovih sušara i procesa: sa delimičnom recirkulacijom i potpunom recirkulacijom agensa sušenja, kondenzacionih sušara, i procesa sušenja u sušarama sa toplotnom pumpom.
Proračun i dimenzionisanje vrtložnih gorionika korišćenjem namenskog softvera
Authors: Repić Branislav , Erić Aleksandar , Nemoda Stevan , Mladenović Milica
Published: June 2017

Sagorevanje goriva pomoću vrtložnih gorionika, korišćenjem efekta vihornog strujanja, je vrlo značajno i široko rasprostranjeno. Proračun vrtložnih gorionika je relativno složen proračun i zahteva obučenog projektanta. S obzirom da je ručnim proračunom teško razmotriti različite varijante komponovanja gorionika to predstavlja ograničavajući faktor pravilnog projektovanja. U radu je izložen softver za proračun i dimenzionisanje vrtložnih gorionika. On omogućuje da se provere sve one varijante komponovanja gorionika u odnosu na razne karakteristike goriva i raspodele vazduha i izabere optimalna konstrukcija gorionika. Programom je obuhvaćeno više varijanti gorionika. Proračun je primenjiv za čvrsto sprašeno gorivo i gasovito gorivo. Program je napravljen tako, da se na osnovu izabranih polaznih podataka izvrši dimenzionisanje i interaktivni proračun gorionika, te da se, na osnovu standardnih konstruktivnih materijala, izabere optimalna konstrukcija gorionika.
Organizacija rada u laboratoriji za automatsko upravljanje i programabilne logičke kontrolere
Authors: Savić Aleksandar , Knežević Dragan
Published: June 2017

Zahvaljujući dobro odabranoj opremi za procesno upravljanje i pažljivo napravljenim maketama, obuka učenika za rad sa programabilnim logičkim kontrolerima zanimljiva je i učenicima i nastavnicima Elektrotehničke škole «Rade Končar». Za potrebe praktične nastave u laboratoriji za Programabilne logičke kontrolere i automatsko upravljanje, autor je projektovao i napravio više maketa koje omogućavaju bezbedan, funkcionalan i efikasan rad. U ovom radu biće opisana glavna maketa, pomoćne makete računarska oprema i poseban softver koji se koristi. Glavna maketa koja je smeštena u centralnom delu laboratorije, sadrži 6 Simensovih LOGO 8 programabilnih logičkih kontrolera, ekran osetljiv na dodir HMI KTP 400 Basic, GSM komunikacioni modem CMR 2020, ethernet switch SCALANCE-X005 i ulazno-izlazne uređaje i priključke. Na ulazno izlazne priključke na glavnoj maketi priključuju se dodatne makete: maketa lifta sa dve stanice, maketa semafora sa dva i tri signalna svetla, maketa postrojenja za snabdevanje vodom sa tri elektro ventila i druge. Svih 6 PLC-ova su bežičnim putem povezani sa 6 lap top računara. Za programiranje PLC-a koristi se program Logo Soft Comfort ver. 8. Pre izrade programa učenici odabiraju posebnu maketu za koju će napraviti program i povezuju maketu sa PLC-om. Nakon provere ispravnosti rada programa na svom računaru, učenici prebacuju program u PLC a zatim puštaju maketu u rad i nadziru njen rad. Posebnu prednost i pomoć u radu omogućava specijalno urađeni softver koji omogućava nastavniku da sa samo jednom naredbom prikupi sve učeničke programe i prebaci ih na svoj računar, mobilni telefon ili neki drugi prenosni medij. Na isti način, nastavnik može da vrati učenicima pregledane radove ili da svakom učeniku da posebno pripremljeni zadatak.
A Cosmological Argument against Physicalism
Authors: Wahlberg Mats
Published: June 2017

In this article, I present a Leibnizian cosmological argument to the conclusion that either the totality of physical beings has a non-physical cause, or a necessary being exists. The crucial premise of the argument is a restricted version of the Principle of Sufficient Reason, namely the claim that every contingent physical phenomenon has a sufficient cause (PSR-P). I defend this principle by comparing it with a causal principle that is fundamental for physicalism, namely the Causal Closure of Physics, which says that every physical effect has a sufficient physical cause (CC). I find that the evidence for Causal Closure is weaker than the evidence for PSR-P, which means that physicalists who take CC to be justified must concede that PSR-P is also justified, and to a higher degree. Since my Leibnizian cosmological argument succeeds if PSR-P is granted, I conclude that physicalists must either give up CC and thereby physicalism, or accept that a necessary being exists.
Jean-Luc Marion on the Divine and Taking the "Third Way"
Authors: Pöykkoö Panu-Matti
Published: June 2017

In this article, I will investigate Jean-Luc Marion’s influential critique of metaphysical and natural theological approaches to the divine which he regards as “idolatrous”, and his own proposal of an “iconic” account of God’s revelation which he calls the “third way”. Marion’s idol-icon distinction, I maintain, developed in his early work “God without Being”, is the guiding thread of Marion’s philosophical project, and the key for an adequate understanding of his own account. While Marion’s account is compelling and has provided new perspectives and insights to the contemporary discussion in philosophy of religion, its uncompromising excessiveness and the outright rejection of all hermeneutics leaves it deeply problematic and makes it hard to see how to follow his “third way”.
O lugar da elegia: leitura de Propércio, 2.10
Authors: Brunhara Rafael
Published: June 2017

Propõe-se neste artigo um breve comentário à elegia 10 do livro 2 de Propércio. Tendo em vista a relação intergenérica que nela se desenvolve, pretende-se verificar como se apresenta nesse contexto o jogo irônico próprio da elegia latina, como apresentado por Veyne (1985). Nesse sentido, toma-se como fundamental a observação de outra elegia properciana que expõe uma dinâmica entre poesia épica e elegíaca, a programática 2.1. 
O modelo homérico de obstinação nos retratos de Alexandre em Plutarco e Arriano
Authors: Rocha Rita
Published: June 2017

Se contabilizássemos todos os estudos feitos, até os dias de hoje, sobre as duas figuras contempladas por este trabalho, levaríamos anos para compilar todas. Apesar de comparações espalhadas por tantos trabalhos, não se tem notícia de um trabalho específico sobre a obstinação, nem de um nem de outro. 
Leitura do Poema II, 26 de Propércio
Authors: Falcón Rafael Sento-Sé
Published: June 2017

Breve tentativa de compreensão de um dos mais interessantes poemas do elegíaco latino Sexto Propércio. Pauta-se a leitura no recolhimento de recursos estilísticos pelos quais o poeta amplia a abrangência semântica da obra. Contudo, não se trata de propor uma interpretação para o poema, mas de fazer um apanhado de possibilidades.

Readings on Propertius’ Poem II, 26

Abstract

Brief comprehension attempt of one of the most interesting Latin elegiac poems of Sextus Propertius. The analysis of the poem is founded on a collection of stylistic features in which the poet broadens the semantic scope of his work. However, the aim of this paper is not to propose an interpretation of the poem, but present an outline of possibilities.

Keywords: Elegy; Latin Literature; Propertius; shipwreck. 

 
“O Díscolo” e o feminino
Authors: Spinelli Helena De Negreiros
Published: June 2017

Este estudo apresenta de forma breve um panorama sobre as personagens femininas de O Díscolo, de Menandro, autor grego do século IV a.C. Partindo de um exame das personagens femininas na tragédia e na comédia antiga, percebemos que a comédia nova apresenta um retrato bastante fiel da mulher ateniense no que diz respeito aos diversos aspectos que envolvem a vida não apenas da cidadã, mas também da escrava.

“The Dyscolos” and the feminine

Abstract

This study presents a brief overview of the female characters of The Dyscolos, by Menander, Greek author from the fourth century B.C. Starting with the examination of the female characters in Tragedy and in Old Comedy, we notice that the New Comedy presents a fairly accurate portrait of Athenian women regarding various aspects involving not only the lives of citizens but also the slaves.

Keywords: Ancient Greek Literature; Theatre; New Comedy; Menander; The Dyscolos. 
Categorias: questões acerca do esquema aristotélico frente a discussões modernas e contemporâneas
Authors: Andrade Bianca Tossato
Published: June 2017

O presente trabalho ocupa-se da questão das categorias em Aristóteles como os gêneros supremos em que se classificam as coisas. Há uma conexão entre este esquema de categorias e certas formas da linguagem. A discussão se desenvolve em torno da categoria de Substância na medida em que tem prioridade sobre todas as outras categorias. As noções de universal e individual, cruzadas às noções de substância e acidente, fornecem o panorama de uma realidade sob o ponto de vista da organização de seus elementos dentre os gêneros supremos. Teorias modernas e contemporâneas são abordadas de modo a visualizar diferentes possibilidades de interpretação do esquema aristotélico de categorias e a construção de novos esquemas.

Categories: questions about the Aristotelian scheme compared to modern and contemporary discussions

Abstract

The present work deals with the question of the categories in Aristotle as the supreme genera in which things are classified. There is a connection between this scheme of categories and forms of language. The discussion is developed considering that the category of substance has priority over all other categories. The notions of universal and individual, linked to the concepts of substance and accident, provide a picture of reality from the point of view of organization of its elements among the supreme genera. Modern and contemporary theories are addressed in order to visualize different possibilities of interpretation of the Aristotelian scheme of categories and the construction of new schemes.

Keywords: Categories; supreme genera; substance. 

 
Eneida: o tempo eternamente presente
Authors: Amato Rosângela Santoro de Souza
Published: June 2017

Este trabalho trata, de forma breve, a memória como elemento estruturador da narrativa na Eneida e do papel da rememoração e do esquecimento na formação de Enéias como herói fundador.

Aeneid: time eternally present 

Abstract: This work briefly deals with memory as a structuring element of the narrative in the Aeneid and the role of reminiscence and oblivion in the formation of Aeneas as a founder hero.

Keywords: Aeneid; memory; Virgil; Aeneas; Hades; Deiphobus. 
As Tesmoforiantes: peça com menos referência política de Aristófanes?
Authors: De Oliveira Faria Milena
Published: June 2017

As Tesmoforiantes são uma peça menos estudada pela crítica, principalmente se levarmos em consideração os amplos estudos feitos sobre Lisístrata, por exemplo, obra tida como encenada no mesmo ano que As Tesmoforiantes (411a.C). As paródias a textos de Eurípides, dentro desta comédia, fizeram que a crítica até meados dos anos 70, creditasse pouco valor à obra, considerando-a apenas uma série de brincadeiras sobre o tragediógrafo e, assim, uma peça de menor valor. Entretanto estudos posteriores, como o de Zeitlin (1981), começam a apontar para outras leituras da obra, de modo que fosse possível perceber que a peça não era assim tão superficial quanto parece à primeira leitura. Slater (2002), por exemplo, enxerga, na representação da assembleia feminina, outras possibilidades de leitura, como a possível referência à repressão que os atenienses sofriam no período da crise de 411. O meu objetivo, portanto, é pensar algumas passagens que remeteriam a fatos históricos e buscar fazer uma comparação entre essas passagens e a representação da assembleia feminina nos versos 295 ss. 

Thesmophoriazusae: the least political play of Aristophanes?

Abstract

Thesmophoriazusae is one of the plays less studied by the critics, especially if we consider that Lisistrata – a play which was performed in the same year as the aforementioned (411 a.C) – was studied plenty, for example.The parodies of Euripidean plays in this comedy made the critics think that this comedy was one of the lesser important works of Aristophanes, considered merely a bunch of jokes about Euripides. Yet more recent studies, like the one of Zeitlin (1981), started to point to other possibilities of interpretation of the comedy in such a way that it was possible to understand that the Thesmophoriazusae is not as superficial as it seems at the first sight. Slater (2002), for example, think that he female assembly in the play is a key to a different interpretation of the play; as being a possible reference to the repression that the Athenians suffered in the crisis of 411. My goal, therefore, is – based on the discussion of the problems to date this play – to explore some passages which possibly mention historic facts and make a comparison between these passages and the representation of the female assembly in the lines 295ff.

Keywords: Aristophanes, Ancient Comedy, Thesmophoriazusae, Women, Assembly. 
A pólis e a eudaimonía em Aristóteles
Authors: Yi Chih Chiu
Published: June 2017

Neste texto, procuro estabelecer a relação entre a pólis e a noção de eudaimonía apresentada no livro I da Política de Aristóteles. 

Pólis and eudaimonía in Aristotle

Abstract

In this text, I intend to establish the relation between the polis and the notion of eudaimonía introduced in the book I of Aristotle’s Politics.

Keywords: polis, ethics, eudaimonía, politics, community. 
Os autores da Ifigênia em Áulis de Eurípides
Authors: Alves Ribeiro Jr. Wilson
Published: June 2017

O texto da Ifigênia em Áulis, tragédia de Eurípides encenada pela primeira vez em 405 a.C., juntamente com Bacchae e Alcmeon, chegou até nós com inegáveis sinais de adulteração e de interpolações. No presente trabalho são discutidos os elementos mais importantes para a moderna abordagem do texto legado pela tradição medieval e para a identificação das passagens que podem ser atribuídas a Eurípides ou aos retractatores da Ifigênia em Áulis. 

The authors of Euripides’ Iphigenia at Aulis

Abstract 

 The text of Iphigenia at Aulis, Euripides’ tragedy staged for the first time in 405 a.C. to- gether with Bacchae and Alcmeon, reached us with undeniable signs of adulteration and interpolations. This work presents and discuss the most important elements for a modern approach of the text received from medieval tradition and for identification of passages that can be ascribed to Euripides or to Iphigenia in Aulis retractatores.

Keywords: Iphigenia at Aulis; Euripides; Greek tragedy; manuscripts 
Adjunto adnominal sob a ótica da referenciação: um estudo da recategorização em fábulas de Fedro
Authors: Campos Menezes de Moraes Rachel Maria
Published: June 2017

O trabalho apresenta o estudo de adjuntos adnominais sob a ótica da referenciação nas fábulas Vacca et Capella, Ouis et Leo (A Vaca e a Cabrita, a Ovelha e o Leão) e Vulpes ad Personam Tragicam (A Raposa e a Máscara de Tragédia), de Fedro (séc. I d.C.). São relacionados os conceitos de adjunto adnominal e de recategorização, dado que os adjuntos adnominais recategorizam e especificam os substantivos aos quais se referem. Utiliza-se, para isto, a teoria da referenciação, vista como atividade discursiva e cognitiva, de acordo com os trabalhos de Ingedore Koch, Luiz Antônio Marcuschi e outros. Portanto, pretende- se demonstrar como os adjuntos adnominais recategorizam os substantivos aos quais se referem, ou especificam tais substantivos. 

Abstract

This paper presents a study of adnominal adjuncts in fables Vacca et Capella, Ouis et Leo and Vulpes ad Personam Tragicam, by Phaedrus (sec. I a.D.), in referentiation sense. It relates concepts of adnominal adjuncts and recategorization, as they recategorize and specify the nouns which they refer to. In this way, the referentiation theory, seen as a discursive and cognitive activity, according to Luiz Antônio Marcuschi, Ingedore Koch and others works. Therefore, it was intended to show how adnominal adjuncts recategorize nouns which they refer to, or specify them.

Keywords: Phaedrus fables; Adnominal Adjunct; Recategorization
A construção da autoimagem de Plínio, o Jovem em suas Cartas
Authors: Leite Leni Ribeiro , Cordeiro Iana Lima
Published: June 2017

O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar, a partir da noção de ethos, a forma como Plínio, o Jovem se representa em suas Cartas, a partir de quatro categorias: a) discurso direto sobre si; b) autoelogio por meio de discurso atribuído a terceiros; c) descrição de eventos para usar o próprio comportamento como modelo a ser seguido e d) desejo de ser consagrado na posteridade. Concluímos que, em suas cartas, Plínio constrói um ethos cujo objetivo seria amplificar seu próprio impacto no campo literário.

Abstract

With the present study, we aimed at analyzing how Pliny, the Younger, represented himself in his Letters, with the aid of the concept of éthos. Throughout the analysis, the letters were divided into four categories: a) direct speech about himself; b) self- compliment through third parties’ speech; c) description of events as an excuse to use his own behavior as a role model and d) desire of surviving posterity. We also discuss Pliny’s epistolographic writing as possibly written to intentionally amplify his own literary impact as an author. 

Keywords: Epistolography; Self-representation; Pliny, the Younger 
Effects of Punica Granatum Seed Hydromethanol Extract on Contractility of Isolated Aorta in Female Albino Rats
Authors: Al-Habib Omar A. M. , Adam Lina N.
Published: June 2017

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the physiological effect of the Punica granatum hydromethanol seeds extract on the contractility of isolated rat aortic rings. The isolated rat’s thoracic aorta was placed in an organ bath containing Krebs solution and the contraction was recorded isometrically. The results demonstrated that P. granatum hydro- methanol extract (1.5 to 5 mg/ml) caused a significant relaxant effect on the contractions induced by phenylephrine (0.01 mM) with IC50 ± SEM of 2.682 ± 0.197 mg/ml and the percentage of relaxation for PE-induced contraction was 52.88 ± 0.831. In endothelium intact and denuded aortic rings, the extract induced more or less the same response, except at high concentrations used (4.5 – 5.0 mg/ml) in which the endothelium denuded rings produced a significant reduction in the percent of relaxation from 49.91 to 25.42.  Relaxant effect of hydromethanol seed extracts on intact aorta was not affected by nitric oxide synthase sinhsibitor ( L-NAME, 3*10-4), gaunyl cyclase inhibitor ( methylene blue 1*10-5) and PGI2 inhibitor (Indomethacin, 3*10-5), and thus, the percentages of relaxation were 59.85 ± 0.084, 58.59 ± 0.566 and 56.76 ± 0.693 respectively. In addition, incubation of aortic rings with the K+ channels blockers TEA, GLIB,, 4AP and BaCl2, that Kca, KATP and Kv channels played no role on vasorelaxation induced by hydromethanol extract, while Kir enhanced the relaxation induced by the extract to76.40%. Finally, hydro methanol extract significantly enhanced dose-response relaxation after incubation of thoracic aortic rings with Nifedipine (10-6 M) to 91.91 % with IC50 ± SEM 1.774 ± 0.096. It can be concluded from the results of the current work that the fraction of Punica granatum hydromethanol seed extract has vasorelaxant effects on rat aortic which was partially dependent on endothelium, Kir and Ca channels.
Analysing policy for poverty alleviation: an example from non-timber forest product subsector
Authors: Khanal Keshav R.
Published: June 2017

Abstract on the PDF
Appropriate forest harvesting technology: an overview
Authors: Shrestha Raj Bahadur
Published: June 2017

No abstract available
Sissoo dieback: its cause and effect on plantation management
Authors: Karki D. , Thapa H.B. , Juwa G.B. , Tuladhar J. , Manandhar G. , Das A.N.
Published: June 2017

Abstract on PDF
Bamboo for soil stabilisation and other usage in Nepal
Authors: Poudyal Punya P.
Published: June 2017

No abstract.
Mushrooms of Nepal
Authors: Baral Sushim Ranjan
Published: June 2017

No abstract
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Energy and Environment Research, Vol. 7, No. 1
Authors: Luo Lesley
Published: June 2017

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Energy and Environment Research, Vol. 7, No. 1, 2017
Representing subgrid convective initiation in the Community Earth System Model
Authors: Tawfik Ahmed B. , Lawrence David M. , Dirmeyer Paul A.
Published: June 2017

A widely recognized issue found in most Earth System Models is that of convective precipitation being triggered too early during the day over land, often resulting in persistent light rainfall. In an effort to address this issue, a model‐consistent subgrid convective trigger is demonstrated in the Community Earth System Model (CESM). Subgrid convective initiation is achieved by first calculating a convective threshold within the Community Atmosphere Model (version 5.3). The convective threshold is then passed to each subgrid land cover type within the Community Land Model (version 4.0) and convection is considered to be active if the convective threshold is exceeded and the convective available potential energy (CAPE) exceeds 70 J kg−1 (the default trigger). In total, three simulations are performed: (1) a Control (CTL) with the default CAPE trigger, (2) a simulation with the default CAPE trigger as well as the subgrid trigger (HCF trigger) applied over land and ocean, and (3) a simulation the same as the HCF trigger but only applied over land (HCF land). By including this subgrid trigger, convective onset time is delayed by 1–4 h; however, the time of peak precipitation is unchanged. This diurnal shift improves the number of hours the deep convective scheme is invoked from more than 75% to less than 50%, alleviating the overactivity problem. The delayed onset time of deep convection allows for greater CAPE accumulation and a greater proportion of precipitation generated outside the convective scheme. More CAPE consequently produces an overall increase in intense precipitation events.
Probabilistic global maps of the CO2 column at daily and monthly scales from sparse satellite measurements
Authors: Chevallier Frédéric , Broquet Grégoire , Pierangelo Clémence , Crisp David
Published: June 2017

The column‐average dry air‐mole fraction of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere (XCO2) is measured by scattered satellite measurements like those from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO‐2). We show that global continuous maps of XCO2 (corresponding to level 3 of the satellite data) at daily or coarser temporal resolution can be inferred from these data with a Kalman filter built on a model of persistence. Our application of this approach on 2 years of OCO‐2 retrievals indicates that the filter provides better information than a climatology of XCO2 at both daily and monthly scales. Provided that the assigned observation uncertainty statistics are tuned in each grid cell of the XCO2 maps from an objective method (based on consistency diagnostics), the errors predicted by the filter at daily and monthly scales represent the true error statistics reasonably well, except for a bias in the high latitudes of the winter hemisphere and a lack of resolution (i.e., a too small discrimination skill) of the predicted error standard deviations. Due to the sparse satellite sampling, the broad‐scale patterns of XCO2 described by the filter seem to lag behind the real signals by a few weeks. Finally, the filter offers interesting insights into the quality of the retrievals, both in terms of random and systematic errors.
Atmospheric form drag coefficients over Arctic sea ice using remotely sensed ice topography data, spring 2009–2015
Authors: Petty Alek A. , Tsamados Michel C. , Kurtz Nathan T.
Published: June 2017

Sea ice topography significantly impacts turbulent energy/momentum exchange, e.g., atmospheric (wind) drag, over Arctic sea ice. Unfortunately, observational estimates of this contribution to atmospheric drag variability are spatially and temporally limited. Here we present new estimates of the neutral atmospheric form drag coefficient over Arctic sea ice in early spring, using high‐resolution Airborne Topographic Mapper elevation data from NASA's Operation IceBridge mission. We utilize a new three‐dimensional ice topography data set and combine this with an existing parameterization scheme linking surface feature height and spacing to form drag. To be consistent with previous studies investigating form drag, we compare these results with those produced using a new linear profiling topography data set. The form drag coefficient from surface feature variability shows lower values (<0.5–1 ×10−3) in the Beaufort/Chukchi Seas, compared with higher values (>0.5–1 ×10−3) in the more deformed ice regimes of the Central Arctic (north of Greenland and the Canadian Archipelago), which increase with coastline proximity. The results show moderate interannual variability, including a strong increase in the form drag coefficient from 2013 to 2014/2015 north of the Canadian Archipelago. The form drag coefficient estimates are extrapolated across the Arctic with Advanced Scatterometer satellite radar backscatter data, further highlighting the regional/interannual drag coefficient variability. Finally, we combine the results with existing parameterizations of form drag from floe edges (a function of ice concentration) and skin drag to produce, to our knowledge, the first pan‐Arctic estimates of the total neutral atmospheric drag coefficient (in early spring) from 2009 to 2015.
Effects of artificial local compensation of convective mass flux in the cumulus parameterization
Authors: Ong Hing , Wu Chien‐Ming , Kuo Hung‐Chi
Published: June 2017

In this study, a hybrid mass flux cumulus scheme (HYMACS) is developed for the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF). Idealized experiments are performed to evaluate its effects on tropical cyclone simulations. Classical cumulus schemes assume artificial local compensation of convective mass flux. In contrast, HYMACS treats subgrid‐scale mass flux convergence or divergence as parameterized mass sources or sinks. When the mass sources or sinks are introduced to the mass continuity equation in a nonhydrostatic fully compressible model, the model dynamics would resolve the mass‐compensating motion, i.e., dynamic compensation of convective mass flux. A hierarchy of experiments is conducted to demonstrate the effects of the artificial local compensation. The results of the mass compensation experiment show that the amplitude of the column mass change with the artificial local compensation is more sensitive to the change of the horizontal resolution between 3 and 27 km than the dynamic compensation. The results of the piggybacking tropical cyclone simulations at 9 km resolution suggest that the artificial local compensation in the Kain‐Fritsch scheme (KF) concentrates vertical exchange of dry static energy and moisture and induces secondary circulation, which could lead to sea level pressure decrease and enhanced precipitation. These results indicate that the artificial local compensation at the gray‐zone resolution could cause significant effects on tropical cyclone dynamics, so it is important to avoid the artificial local compensation for cumulus parameterization at such resolution.
Manganese‐Catalyzed C−H Functionalizations: Hydroarylations and Alkenylations Involving an Unexpected Heteroaryl Shift
Authors: Wang Chengming , Wang Ai , Rueping Magnus
Published: June 2017

A manganese‐catalyzed regio‐ and stereoselective hydroarylation of allenes is reported. The C−H functionalization method provides access to various alkenylated indoles in excellent yields. Moreover, a hydroarylation/cyclization cascade involving an unexpected C−N bond cleavage and aryl shift has been developed, which provides a new synthetic approach to substituted pyrroloindolones.
Plasticizing effect of coconut oil on morphological, mechanical, thermal, rheological, barrier, and optical properties of poly(lactic acid): A promising candidate for food packaging
Authors: Bhasney Siddharth Mohan , Patwa Rahul , Kumar Amit , Katiyar Vimal
Published: June 2017

This study explores the plasticizing effect of coconut oil (CO) on PLA for evaluating its suitability for flexible packaging. Changes in morphological, mechanical, thermal, rheological, barrier and optical properties of melt compounded Poly(lactic acid)–Coconut oil (PLA–CO) blend were investigated by varying the mixing ratio. Water vapor permeability of blends decreased by 58% at 7 wt % plasticizer content. The tensile strength showed a decreasing trend with increasing plasticizer percentage while the % elongation showed an increasing trend. At 7 wt % plasticizer content tensile strength decreased from 60 to 41 MPa and % elongation increased from 12% to 54%. Molecular weight (Mn) and onset of degradation (Tonset), upon 1 wt % plasticizer addition showed a reduction of 6% and 0.6%, respectively, which were well within permissible limits required for polymer processing. The melt flow properties of the blends were slightly improved (∼16%) upon 5 wt % addition of CO. Transparency of the PLA films was improved by addition of plasticizer. FTIR spectra of PLA‐CO sample confirmed the interaction between PLA and coconut oil via hydrogen bonding. At higher loading, coconut oil shows very limited compatibility with PLA. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45390.
Effects of coating solvent and thermal treatment on transport and morphological characteristics of PDMS/Torlon composite hollow fiber membrane
Authors: Rownaghi Ali A. , Bhandari Dhaval , Burgess Steven K. , Mikkilineni Dharmik S.
Published: June 2017

A new approach for formation of the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer on Torlon polyamide‐imide hollow fiber (PAI‐HF) support has been developed by directly after fiber spinning without the need to undergo the final conventional solvent exchange and drying step, thereby saving postspinning processing steps. The produced PDMS/PAI‐HF composite membranes were found to have high CO2 permeance (i.e., 1100 GPU) and exhibited good CO2/N2 selectivities of 8–10 which is close to 90% of that of a PDMS dense film. The effects of coating solution, rewetting and crosslinking temperature on the PAI‐HF morphological features, that is, gas transport, skin thickness, skin integrity, and substructure resistance are investigated. The rewetting and thermal treatment of the PAI‐HF caused the densification of the skin layer and reduced the pore sizes on the top layer. In addition, the potential use of the PAI‐HF support with polymers that are insoluble in hexane is also considered. Effects of water, methanol, and hexane exposure of PAI‐HF to these solvents are considered. This evaluation calls attention to issues that must be addressed in any eventual use of the PAI‐HF with water‐soluble or methanol‐soluble selective layer polymers, rather than simple hexane‐soluble polymers such as PDMS. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45418.
Animal Embryotoxicity Studies of Key Non‐Artemisinin Antimalarials and Use in Women in the First Trimester
Authors: Clark Robert L.
Published: June 2017

The World Health Organization currently recommends quinine+clindamycin for use against malaria in the first trimester. This may soon change to recommending artemisinin‐based combination therapies (standard duration of dosing = 3 days). The non‐artemisinin partner drugs include amodiaquine, lumefantrine, mefloquine, piperaquine, sulfadoxine+pyrimethamine, and pyronaridine. For quinine, clindamycin, and mefloquine and the combinations of sulfadoxine+pyrimethamine and artemether+lumefantrine, there are reports (including studies without internal comparison groups) that combined describe 304 to >1100 exposures of women in the first trimester for each drug with no conclusive evidence of adverse effects on pregnancy at therapeutic doses. This is despite the fact that all of these drugs or drug combinations caused embryo deaths and/or malformations in at least one animal species and all except lumefantrine had at least one exposure ratio <1.

It now seems that these animal studies overestimated the risk of developmental toxicity in women with malaria. Three other non‐artemisinins (amodiaquine, piperaquine, and pyronaridine) have few or no reported exposures in women in the first trimester and have exposure ratios ≤2 based on studies in pregnant rats and rabbits with dosing throughout organogenesis. However, none of these drugs caused embryo deaths or malformations in pregnant rats and rabbits with the exception of pyronaridine, which caused embryo deaths only at a dose that was excessively toxic to the mothers. Thus, for amodiaquine, piperaquine, and pyronaridine, the testing in animals did not reveal findings of concern and the exposure ratios were in the range of the other non‐artemisinin antimalarials described above. Birth Defects Research 109:1075–1126, 2017. © 2017 The Authors. Birth Defects Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hypomethylation and decreased expression of BRG1 in the myocardium of patients with congenital heart disease
Authors: Qian Yanyan , Xiao Deyong , Guo Xiao , Chen Hongbo , Hao Lili , Ma Xiaojing , Huang Guoying , Ma Duan , Wang Huijun
Published: June 2017

Background

BRG1, an ATPase subunit of the SWItch/Sucrose Non‐Fermentable complex, is tightly associated with cardiac development. However, little is known about the association between the pathogenesis of CHD and BRG1.

Methods

The methylation of a BRG1 promoter and a novel CpG island in the second intron was analyzed in the myocardium of congenital heart disease (CHD) patients (n = 24) and normal controls (n = 11) using pyrosequencing and the MassARRAY platform. BRG1 expression was sketched in the normal fetal and postnatal heart using real‐time PCR. BRG1 mRNA and protein expression was detected by means of real‐time PCR and immunohistochemistry. The expression of GATA4 was analyzed with real‐time PCR.

Results

The CpG shore in the second intron of BRG1 was hypomethylated in the myocardium of patients (p < 0.05). BRG1 showed a high level of expression in the normal fetal heart in the second trimester (p < 0.01). Compared with that of the normal subjects, BRG1 expression was decreased by 70% in the myocardium of patients (n = 92; p < 0.05). Of note, the expression of GATA4 was significantly correlated with BRG1 expression (r = 0.7475; p = 0.0082) in the myocardium, and it was also decreased by 70% in these patients (n = 92; p < 0.05).

Conclusion

These results suggested that the early high expression of BRG1 in fetal hearts maintained normal cardiac development and that the abnormal hypomethylation and decreased expression of BRG1 in human hearts probably affect the expression of GATA4, which affects the pathogenesis of CHD. Birth Defects Research 109:1183–1195, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Two‐Dimensional Layered Materials as Catalyst Supports
Authors: Kumar Amit , Xu Qiang
Published: June 2017

Since the successful isolation of graphene, two‐dimensional (2D) materials have attracted immense interest in contemporary chemical research owing to their unique structural and chemical properties with potential scientific applications. Layered 2D materials show different characteristics from bulk 3D materials owing to significant alterations in their electronic and structural behavior. From the last decade, 2D materials including graphene have been extensively investigated as supports for metal nanoparticles (NPs) exhibiting excellent catalytic activity towards various chemical and electrochemical reactions. This review focuses on the recent advances of graphene and other 2D layered materials as catalyst supports, their interactions with metal precursors, and catalytic applications. The catalytic behavior of metal NPs supported on 2D materials has been discussed regarding various electrochemical oxidation and reduction reactions in fuel cells as well as numerous organic reactions and catalytic hydrogen generation from the dehydrogenation of hydrogen storage materials. We appraise that the catalytic behavior of the nanomaterials can be improved by simply modifying the interactions between precursors and supports by changing the chemical and physical properties of the support materials. Finally, we summarize the review with an outlook on future opportunities and challenges of 2D materials to provide access to a variety of low‐cost and high‐performance catalysts in terms of both academic and industrial applications.
Facile Synthesis of a Porous Pd/Cu Alloy and its Enhanced Performance toward Methanol and Formic Acid Electrooxidation
Authors: Yan Bo , Wang Caiqin , Xu Hui , Zhang Ke , Li Shumin , Du Yukou
Published: June 2017

Reported is a porous Pd/Cu alloy catalyst synthesized by a one‐pot method, in which the Pd/Cu alloy is formed by using l‐ascorbic acid as reducing agent to simultaneously reduce the copper precursor and the palladium precursor. The copper incorporated with Pd can reduce the cost of the catalyst and enhance the catalytic performance. The morphology of the Pd/Cu alloy catalyst can be controlled by altering the ratios of Pd to Cu. Electrochemical characterizations indicate that Pd/Cu alloy catalysts possess good activity and long‐term stability for the electrooxidation of methanol and formic acid. Compared with commercial Pd/C, the as‐prepared Pd65Cu35 shows enhanced activities of electrooxidation of methanol and formic acid. This study highlights an easy strategy to obtain the shape‐controlled Pd/Cu alloyed catalysts and their potential application as electrocatalysts in fuel cells or other fields.
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition, a spectrum of states: Role in lung development, homeostasis, and disease
Authors: Jolly Mohit Kumar , Ward Chris , Eapen Mathew Suji , Myers Stephen , Hallgren Oskar , Levine Herbert , Sohal Sukhwinder Singh
Published: June 2017

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays key roles during lung development and many lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, and pulmonary fibrosis. Here, integrating morphological observations with underlying molecular mechanisms, we highlight the functional role of EMT in lung development and injury repair, and discuss how it can contribute to pathogenesis of chronic lung disease. We discuss the evidence of manifestation of EMT and its potential driving role in COPD, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), and lung cancer, while noting that all cells need not display a full EMT in any of these contexts, i.e., often cells co‐express epithelial and mesenchymal markers but do not fully convert to extracellular matrix (ECM) ‐producing fibroblasts. Finally, we discuss recent therapeutic attempts to restrict EMT in chronic lung disease. Developmental Dynamics 247:346–358, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The impact of parasitism on resource allocation in a fungal host: the case of Cryphonectria parasitica and its mycovirus, Cryphonectria Hypovirus 1
Authors: Brusini Jérémie , Wayne Marta L. , Franc Alain , Robin Cécile
Published: June 2017

Parasites are known to profoundly affect resource allocation in their host. In order to investigate the effects of Cryphonectria Hypovirus 1 (CHV1) on the life‐history traits of its fungal host Cryphonectria parasitica, an infection matrix was completed with the cross‐infection of six fungal isolates by six different viruses. Mycelial growth, asexual sporulation, and spore size were measured in the 36 combinations, for which horizontal and vertical transmission of the viruses was also assessed. As expected by life‐history theory, a significant negative correlation was found between host somatic growth and asexual reproduction in virus‐free isolates. Interestingly this trade‐off was found to be positive in infected isolates, illustrating the profound changes in host resource allocation induced by CHV1 infection. A significant and positive relationship was also found in infected isolates between vertical transmission and somatic growth. This last relationship suggests that in this system, high levels of virulence could be detrimental to the vertical transmission of the parasite. Those results underscore the interest of studying host–parasite interaction within the life‐history theory framework, which might permit a more accurate understanding of the nature of the modifications triggered by parasite infection on host biology.
Targeting STAT3 by HO3867 induces apoptosis in ovarian clear cell carcinoma
Authors: Bixel Kristin , Saini Uksha , Kumar Bid Hemant , Fowler John , Riley Maria , Wanner Ross , Deepa Priya Dorayappan Kalpana , Rajendran Sneha , Konishi Ikuo , Matsumura Noriomi , Cohn David E. , Selvendiran Karuppaiyah
Published: June 2017

Advanced ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) carries a very poor prognosis in large part secondary to the extremely high rate of resistance to standard platinum and taxane chemotherapy. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3) expression and activation has been shown to regulate tumor progression in various human cancers, though has not been well studied in OCCC. Preliminary work in our lab has demonstrated constitutive activation of STAT3 (pSTAT3Tyr705 or pSTAT3727) in OCCC cell lines as well as human OCCC tumor tissue samples. Significantly, pSTAT3 is expressed in the absence of other forms of activated STAT (pSTAT1, 2, 6). Therefore, this work was planned to investigate the role of STAT3 and examine the efficacy of a novel anti‐cancer compound ‐HO‐3867, which is an inhibitor of STAT3, using known OCCC cell lines. Results demonstrate that treatment with HO‐3867 decreased expression of pSTAT3 Tyr705 as well pSTAT3 Ser727, while total STAT3 remained constant. STAT3 overexpression increased the migration capability in OVTOKO cells in vitro and led to an increased tumor size when injected in vivo. The inhibitory effect of HO‐3867 on cell proliferation and cell survival was accompanied by increased apoptosis, within 24 h post treatment. Treatment with HO‐3867 resulted in a decrease in Bcl‐2 and increase of cleavage of caspase 3, caspase 7, and PARP, confirming induction of apoptosis after treatment with HO‐3867. In addition, HO‐3867 significantly inhibited formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells capillary‐like structures and invasion at both 5 and 10 µM concentrations. STAT3 expression plays an important role in the spread of OCCC in vitro as well as in vivo. Thus, we can exploit the STAT3 pathway for targeted drug therapy. Inhibition of pSTAT3 using HO‐3867in OCCC cell lines appears to be a promising therapy. This is of utmost importance given the poor response of OCCC to standard chemotherapy regimens.
Fluid filling of the digestive tract for improved proton resonance frequency shift‐based MR thermometry in the pancreas
Authors: Ferrer Cyril J. , Bartels Lambertus W. , van Stralen Marijn , Denis de Senneville Baudouin , Moonen Chrit T.W. , Bos Clemens
Published: June 2017

Purpose

To demonstrate that fluid filling of the digestive tract improves the performance of respiratory motion‐compensated proton resonance frequency shift (PRFS)‐based magnetic resonance (MR) thermometry in the pancreas.

Materials and Methods

In seven volunteers (without heating), we evaluated PRFS thermometry in the pancreas with and without filling of the surrounding digestive tract. All data acquisition was performed at 1.5T, then all datasets were analyzed and compared with three different PRFS respiratory motion‐compensated thermometry methods: gating, multibaseline, and referenceless. The temperature precision of the different methods was evaluated by assessing temperature standard deviation over time, while a simulation experiment was used to study the accuracy of the methods.

Results

Without fluid intake, errors in temperature precision in the pancreas up to 10°C were observed for all evaluated methods. After liquid intake, temperature precision improved to median values between 1.8 and 2.9°C. The simulations showed that gating had the lowest accuracy, with errors up to 7°C. Multibaseline and referenceless thermometry performed better, with a median error in the pancreas between –3 and +3°C after fluid intake, for all volunteers.

Conclusion

Preparation of the digestive tract near the pancreas by filling it with fluid improved MR thermometry precision and accuracy for all common respiratory motion‐compensated methods evaluated. These improvements are attributed to reducing field inhomogeneity in the pancreas.

Level of Evidence: 2

Technical Efficacy: Stage 1

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:692–701.