bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A simulation Model of COVID-19 Epidemic Based on Vaccination and Treatment
Authors: Alshammari Fahdah , Mustafa Alaa , Omer Ehssan , Omer Fatima
Published: October 2023

This article presents a mathematical model of the COVID-19 transmission mechanism, considering therapeutic interventions like immunization and recovery or treatment. The model shows that the disease-free and endemic equilibriums are globally asymptotically stable when effective reproduction numbers are less than or larger than unity. The critical vaccination thresholddepends on the vaccine’s ability to prevent or cure the illness. The model predicts the effectiveness of vaccination based on factors like vaccination efficiency, scheduling, and relaxation of social measures. The subsiding of the epidemic as vaccination is implemented depends on the scale of relaxation of social measures.
A General Family of Fifth-order Iterative Methods for Solving Nonlinear Equations
Authors: Zein Ali
Published: October 2023

A family of fifth-order iterative methods is proposed for solving nonlinear equations using the weight function technique. This family offers flexibility through its structure and the choice of weight functions, resulting in a wide range of new specific schemes. It is demonstrated that this proposed family includes several well-known and recent methods as special cases. In addition, several new particular methods are designed to achieve better results than existing methods of the same type. Convergence analysis is conducted, and numerical examples in both real and complex domains are provided for several specific schemes within the proposed family. Comparisons between the existing methods within this family and the newly introduced methods generally indicate improved performance among the new members. Notably, the study of complex dynamics and basins of attraction reveals that our new specific schemes have broader sets of initial points that lead to convergence.
Bifurcation and Exact Traveling Wave Solutions for the Nonlinear Klein-Gordon Equation
Authors: Arab Meraa
Published: October 2023

This paper focuses on the construction of traveling wave solutions to the nonlinear Klein--Gordon equation by employing the qualitative theory of planar dynamical systems. Based on this theory, we analytically study the existence of periodic, kink (anti-kink), and solitary wave solutions. We then attempt to construct such solutions. For this purpose, we apply a well-known traveling wave solution to convert the nonlinear Klein--Gordon equation into an ordinary differential equation that can be written as a one-dimensional Hamiltonian system. The qualitative theory is applied to investigate and describe phase portraits of the Hamiltonian system. Based on the bifurcation constraints on the system parameters, we integrate the conserved quantities to build new wave solutions that can be classified into periodic, kink (anti-kink), and solitary wave solutions. Some of the obtained solutions are clarified graphically and their connection with the phase orbits is derived.
Role of CD68+ and CD206+ cells in the progression of toxic liver fibrosis in rats
Authors: Lebedeva E. I. , Shchastniy A. T. , Babenka A. S.
Published: October 2023

The aim of the work was to evaluate the role of stellate macrophages in a large number of points of toxic liver fibrosis in rats. Liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in male Wistar rats were induced with thioacetamide at a dose of 200 mg/kg animal weight for 17 weeks.

   Histological preparations of the liver were stained with hematoxylin and eosin according to the Mallory method. Immunohistochemical examination was performed on paraffin sections using monoclonal mouse antibodies CD68 and polyclonal rabbit antibodies CD206. The fibrosis degree was determined according to the Ishak semi-quantitative scale. Toxic liver fibrosis before the start of its transformation into cirrhosis (9 weeks) was accompanied by an increase in the number of CD68+ cells compared with the control. At all subsequent experiment stages, no differences were found in comparison to the control. In the liver of control rats, CD206+ cells were practically absent. Throughout the experiment, their number remained above the control point – 3 weeks. With the progression of liver cirrhosis, a decrease in the number of CD206+ cells was noted, but it did not reach a level of 3 weeks. Morphologically, two different groups of CD68+ cells were identified. One group of cells had a pterygoid shape and they were located mainly in the liver sinusoids. The second group of CD68+ cells had a round shape and different localization. They were detected around the vessels of portal zones, surrounded brown pigment accumulations in connective tissue septa, were observed near single lying groups or groups of giant hepatocytes and liver cells containing brown pigment in the cytoplasm, and were also noted in the foci of necrosis of hepatocytes. Cells, expressing the CD206 marker, are round in shape and are elongated and located in the liver sinusoids. Presumably, round-shaped CD68+ cells perform a phagocytic function, and pterygoid-shaped CD68+ cells transdifferentiate into CD206+ cells that have anti-inflammatory properties.
Integrated assessment of technogenic transformation of the geological environment in the southwestern region of Belarus
Authors: Kukharik E. A. , Matveyev A. V.
Published: October 2023

The article presents the results of assessment of technogenic transformation of the geological environment in the territory of the southwestern region of Belarus under the influence of various human economic activities. The research was based on the application of a complex methodology, including the study of published and fund sources, geological, geomorphological, topographic and cadastral maps, plans of settlements, remote survey data and materials of field and route observations, cartometric and cartographic works. It is shown that over the past 150 years, a noticeable restructuring of the earth’s surface, the structure and composition of the cover deposits has taken place in the region. This is due to a hydro-reclamation and residential development of the territory, road and railway construction, mining, accumulation of solid waste and other activities. The total volume of technogenically displaced soils in this area is 780.7 million m3, and the calculated indicator of the intensity of technogenic geological processes is 182 m3/km2/year. It is 2.4 times higher than the total impact on the earth’s surface of the region of modern exogenous geological processes.
Antioxidant activity of new varieties spicy-aromatic and essential-oil plants
Authors: Sachyuka T. U. , Kovalenko N. A. , Supichenko G. N. , Bosak V. M.
Published: October 2023

Spicy-aromatic and essential-oil plants are among the most important food, technical and medicinal plants; their green mass, seeds and essential oils are used in various sectors of the economy.

   The purpose of the research was to study the indicators of antioxidant activity of the green mass of new varieties of spicy-aromatic and essential-oil plants.

   The research subjects were new regionalized varieties of oregano, hyssop officinalis, common basil, fine-flowered basil, fragrant onion, multi-tiered onion, fragrant rue, blue fenugreek, large-rhizome geranium and borage.

   The yield of green mass during flowering phase was studied in field experiments according to generally accepted methods. In laboratory experiments, the content of vitamin C and carotene was studied according to standard methods, content of polyphenolic compounds – according to method of calibration schedule based on a standard substance – rutin. As a result of field and laboratory studies, it has been determined that the yield of the green mass of the studied crops was 125–280 c/ha, vitamin C – 27.0–69.0 mg/100 g, carotene – 7.5–40.7 mg/kg, polyphenol compounds – 9.6–374.2 mg rutin/g. The studied spicy-aromatic and essential-oil plants in terms of antioxidant activity (content of polyphenol compounds) can be grouped into the following series: oregano > large-rhizome geranium > hyssop officinalis > basil > borage > fragrant rue > blue fenugreek > perennial onions. Among the varieties of oregano and hyssop, higher rates of antioxidant activity are noted in varieties with a more intense corolla color (rich pink – in oregano, blue – in hyssop). The results obtained on the yield of marketable products and antioxidant activity make it possible to more fully evaluate spicy-aromatic and essential-oil plants with the prospect of their use in various sectors of the economy, primarily in the development of functional products.
Substantiation of parameters of unbalanced vibration exciter of berry harvester
Authors: Kazakevich P. P. , Yuryn A. N.
Published: October 2023

The paper presents analysis of design of a vibration exciter of berry harvester, and dwells on substantiation of the main parameters of a two-shaft unbalanced exciter drive mechanism. As a result of theoretical studies, the type and design and technological layout is substantiated for a two-shaft vibration exciter with two unbalance unit rigidly connected to each other and rotating in the same direction with a displacement of 180°. Analysis of such a vibration exciter functioning made it possible to determine the rational values of the weights’ mass mа = 4.0 kg and the arms’ length r = 0.02 m, providing vibrations with an amplitude of A = 23…27 mm in the frequency range of oscillations of 8…20 Hz, which corresponds to agricultural and technical requirements for harvesting a wide range of berry crops. The results of the research were used for designing a trailed berry harvester TBH, created by Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Agriculture Mechanization. It ensures high-quality harvesting with minimal damage to berries and shrubs of chokeberry, currant, gooseberry, dog rose and raspberry, that was determined by acceptance tests.
Production of L-Asparaginase by Yemeni Filamentous Fungi
Authors: Maysoon A Al Zubairy , Faten H Thamer , Habib Thabet , Khawlah Shrf Aldeen
Published: October 2023

Yemen with its diverse climatic regions represents a rich resource for bioactive compounds obtained from microorganisms. This study was designed to screen fungal isolates obtained from the Microbiology branch, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Sana’a University for their ability to produce L-asparaginase enzyme. In preliminary screening for L-asparaginase, among 77 fungal isolates about 29 fungal isolates representing 37.66% were high producers of L-asparaginase. These fungal isolates belonged to the genera Aspergillus, Eupenicillium, Fusarium, Penicillium, and Stachyobotrys. These 29 fungal isolates were screened for their ability to produce L-asparaginase using the agar well diffusion method. 12 fungal isolates out of 29 showed the ability to produce extracellular L-asparaginase. These isolates belonged to 8 species which were: A. sulphurs, A. ustus, F. sacchari, P. chrysogenum, P. citrinum, P. corylophilum, P. melinii, and P. subturcoseum. Only 5 isolates were obtained for the determination of enzymatic activity, among them P. chrysogenum showed the highest activity (279.8696U ml-1) followed by A. ustus (170.9435U ml-1). This finding is the first report on the L-asparaginase production from filamentous fungi in Yemen.
Bispectral Index Monitoring: Ability to Detect Deep Sedation during Endoscopy
Authors: Iratxe Gonzalez-Mendibil , Eduardo García-Pascual , Ane Villanueva , Susana García-Gutiérrez
Published: October 2023

Background: Clinical practice guidelines recommend monitoring the depth of anesthesia during endoscopic examination of the gastrointestinal tract using sedation scales, despite their subjective nature, while the use of the bispectral index, an objective measure, during sedation, remains controversial. The main objective of this study was to assess the ability of bispectral index monitoring to characterize the depth of anesthesia during endoscopy. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess the performance of the bispectral index using data from a multicentre clinical trial with 180 patients undergoing scheduled colonoscopies. Sedation was monitored using the bispectral index and Ramsay Sedation Scale. Data on sedation were recorded at five-time points (t1 to t5) during the colonoscopy. Results: Bispectral values were significantly associated with Ramsay scores (rho, -0.73; p < 0.0001). In regression analysis, each unit increase in bispectral value was associated with a reduction in the risk of a high Ramsay score (> 3) at all points (OR 0.922; 95% CI: 0.865–0.979; p < 0.0001 at t1). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis found areas under the curve of 0.8272 for a bispectral index cut-off for deep sedation of 69.76 (sensitivity, 95.35%; negative predictive value, 97.53%) when reaching the colic flexure (t2) and 0.8399 for a cut-off of 69.29 (sensitivity, 96.15%; negative predictive value, 98.81%) at the end of the colonoscopy (t5). Conclusion: Bispectral index monitoring enables objective real-time reliable assessment of sedation. It enables easy continuous monitoring with a very good performance for detecting deep sedation and correlates with a clinical scale routinely used in endoscopic procedures.
Association of Periprocedural Haemoglobin Reduction and Myocardial Injury in Patients with Unstable Angina Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Sushil Kumar Bagchi , Md Moniruzzaman , Sharifun Nahar , Md Khalequzzaman , Sanjib Chowdhury , Amal Kumar Choudhury
Published: October 2023

Background: Patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention are at risk of different complications such as periprocedural bleeding and acute hemoglobin reduction that can lead to myocardial injury. Blood loss through the catheter during the procedure and through puncture site haematoma causes periprocedural acute haemoglobin drop. Objectives: To find out the association between acute haemoglobin reduction and myocardial injury after PCI in patients with unstable angina. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD) for one year of time. A total of 130 patients were enrolled based on inclusion and exclusion criteria during the study period. Haemoglobin and troponin-I were measured before and after PCI within 24 to 48 hours of the procedure. On the basis of post-procedural acute haemoglobin level, the study population was categorized into two groups: Group I patients with normal haemoglobin levels and Group II patients with significant acute haemoglobin reduction (≥ 1 gm/dl). Results: A total of 24 patients developed a periprocedural myocardial injury, among them 17 (70.8%) were in the reduced haemoglobin group and 7 (29.2%) in the normal haemoglobin group. Elevation of troponin I after PCI was higher in group II than in group I patients with a statistically significant difference. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that haemoglobin reduction was an independent predictor of PMI (OR 1.94; 95% CI, 1.241-8.684; p = 0.01). Conclusion: Periprocedural haemoglobin reduction in patients with unstable angina was associated with myocardial injury after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
BUDIDAYA MASYARAKAT DALAM RANGKA PEMANFAATAN KOLAM TANAH BEKAS UNTUK PERIKANAN WARGA
Authors: Fitriana Nur , Wahid Riyan Falah Al
Published: October 2023

Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk Budidaya Masyarakat Dalam Rangka Pemanfaatan Kolam Tanah Bekas Untuk Perikanan Warga di Tuah Madani. Metode pengabdian yang digunakan adalah survei lapangan, observasi, wawancara, dan analisis data. Hasil pengabdian menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan kolam kelompok tani dalam budidaya ikan lele memiliki potensi yang signifikan dalam meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat Tuah Madani. Partisipasi aktif kelompok tani, penggunaan teknik budidaya yang tepat, dan pengelolaan yang baik menjadi faktor kunci kesuksesan dalam proyek ini. Dalam jangka panjang, budidaya ikan lele di kolam kelompok tani dapat memberikan dampak positif terhadap ekonomi dan kesejahteraan masyarakat Tuah Madani, Pada kegiatan kali KKN Kelompok 18 mengadakan acara pelepasan bibit ikan lele sebagai bentuk ingin menumbuhkan rasa minat masyarakat dan kelompok budidaya ikan lele terhadap berpotensinya dalam pembudidayaan ikan lele ini sebagai sumber mata pencarian tambahan masyarakat tuah madani. Kegiatan ini yang menerapkan konsep budidaya ikan lele  dengan memanfaatkan  kolam  kelompok tani budidaya ikan yang terbengkalai   yang terletak di Jalan Kabun, Perum. Griya Firdaus Permai RT 01 / RW 08, Kecamatan Tuah madani , Kelurahan Tuahmadani. Kegiatan ini adalah salah satu bentuk dari program pengabdian kepada masyarakat. Konsep budidaya ikan lele ini dilakukan dengan cara memanfaatkan kolam  kelompok tani budidaya ikan yang terbengkalai dikawasan tersebut. Dengan adanya kegiatan budidaya ikan lele ini diharapkan mampu menimbulkan rasa minat masyarakat dan kelompok budidaya ikan lele terhadap potensi besar dalam pembudidayaan ikan lele ini sebagai sumber mata pencarian tambahan masyarakat tuah madani
Microglia and Stem Cells for Ischemic Stroke Treatment—Mechanisms, Current Status, and Therapeutic Challenges
Authors: Markowska Aleksandra , Koziorowski Dariusz , Szlufik Stanisław
Published: October 2023

Ischemic stroke is one of the major causes of death and disability. Since the currently used treatment option of reperfusion therapy has several limitations, ongoing research is focusing on the neuroprotective effects of microglia and stem cells. By exerting the bystander effect, secreting exosomes and forming biobridges, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring cells (Muse cells) have been shown to stimulate neurogenesis, angiogenesis, cell migration, and reduce neuroinflammation. Exosome-based therapy is now being extensively researched due to its many advantageous properties over cell therapy, such as lower immunogenicity, no risk of blood vessel occlusion, and ease of storage and modification. However, although preclinical studies have shown promising therapeutic outcomes, clinical trials have been associated with several translational challenges. This review explores the therapeutic effects of preconditioned microglia as well as various factors secreted in stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles with their mechanisms of action explained. Furthermore, an overview of preclinical and clinical studies is presented, explaining the main challenges of microglia and stem cell therapies, and providing potential solutions. In particular, a highlight is the use of novel stem cell therapy of Muse cells, which bypasses many of the conventional stem cell limitations. The paper concludes with suggestions for directions in future neuroprotective research.
The EMT-Related Genes GALNT3 and OAS1 are Associated with Immune Cell Infiltration and Poor Prognosis in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Luo Dan , Fang Mengying , Shao Le , Wang Jue , Liang Yuling , Chen Mengqin , Gui Xuemei , Yan Jie , Wang Wenjun , Yu Lili , Fan Xianming , Wu Qibiao
Published: October 2023

Background: Lung cancer is the main cause of cancer-related death, with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) playing an important role in the development of this disease. The EMT-related genes Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 3 (GALNT3) and 2′-5′-Oligoadenylate Synthetase 1 (OAS1) are involved in numerous tumor processes. Although these genes have been extensively studied in cancer, they have yet to be analyzed by multi-omics in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Methods: EMT-related genes were identified by R and Venn diagram. Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis were performed to evaluate patient survival, and the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database was used for correlation analysis. GeneCards and R packages were used to explore gene characterization and functional annotation. The Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER), Human Protein Atlas (HPA), University of Alabama at Birmingham Cancer (UALCAN), and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases were used to investigate gene expression, which was then confirmed by RT-PCR. Clinicopathological analysis was carried out using the UALCAN database. Functional mechanisms and multi-omics analysis were performed using DNA Methylation Interactive Visualization Database (DNMIVD), Targetscan, TIMER, Tumor–immune System Interactions Database (TISIDB) and cBioportal. Diagnostic values were calculated using ROC curve analysis. Results: A total of 320 EMT-related genes were identified in LUAD. Their characteristics were confirmed in the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) database by the intersection of 855 and 3600 different genes from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and EMTome databases, respectively. Expression of the EMT-related genes GALNT3 and OAS1 was associated with the prognosis of LUAD patients. A positive correlation was observed between the expression of GALNT3 and OAS1, and their expression was higher in LUAD tissue than in normal lung tissue. This was confirmed using RT-PCR. Multi-omics analysis revealed that GALNT3 and OAS1 expression was associated with gene mutation and methylation, cellular immune infiltration, and several immune subtypes. A miRNA-GALNT3/OAS1 regulatory network was also found. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis found that GALNT3 and OAS1 expression combined had superior diagnostic value to that of each marker alone. Conclusions: GALNT3 and OAS1 expression are associated with immune cell infiltration and poor prognosis in LUAD. Their combined expression has high diagnostic value; hence, GALNT3 and OAS1 may be valuable biomarkers for the early detection of LUAD.
The Pathogenesis in Alzheimer's Disease: TREM2 as a Potential Target
Authors: Liu Guangtong , Zhang Linlin , Fan Yongzhao , Ji Wenliang
Published: October 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is ranked as the third-most expensive illness and sixth leading cause of mortality. It is associated with the deposition of extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) in neural plaques (NPs), as well as intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau proteins that form neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). As a new target in regulating neuroinflammation in AD, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is highly and exclusively expressed on the microglial surface. TREM2 interacts with adaptor protein DAP12 to initiate signal pathways that mainly dominant microglia phenotype and phagocytosis mobility. Furthermore, TREM2 gene mutations confer increased AD risk, and TREM2 deficiency exhibits more dendritic spine loss around neural plaques. Mechanisms for regulating TREM2 to alleviate AD has evolved as an area of AD research in recent years. Current medications targeting Aβ or tau proteins are unable to reverse AD progression. Emerging evidence implicating neuroinflammation may provide novel insights, as early microglia-related inflammation can be induced decades prior to the commencement of AD-related cognitive damage. Physical exercise can exert a neuroprotective effect over the course of AD progression. This review aims to (1) summarize the pathogenesis of AD and recent updates in the field, (2) assess the concept that AD cognitive impairment is closely correlated with microglia-related inflammation, and (3) review TREM2 functions and its role between exercise and AD, which is likely to be an ideal candidate target.
Association between GABRG2 Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Ischemic Stroke in a Chinese Population
Authors: Ma Mingming , Zhao Jing , Xie Dandan , Chen Juan
Published: October 2023

Background: Current evidence suggests that Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors are associated with the occurrence and progression of cerebrovascular diseases. The present study investigated the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor gamma2 subunit (GABRG2) gene and ischemic stroke (IS). Methods: A total of 120 healthy volunteers and 187 patients with IS were recruited. Patients underwent complete neurological assessment and classification with the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST). Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to analyze SNP sites in 4 different regions (rs211037, rs418210, rs211035, and rs424740) of the GABRG2 gene. SHEsis online platform was used to assess SNP allele and genotype frequencies. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors for IS. Results: Univariate analysis showed that the T allele and TT genotype distribution for rs211037 were significantly more frequent in the IS group compared to controls (pallele = 0.01, odds ratio (OR) = 1.673, 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.119–2.500, pgenotype = 0.03). Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed the TT genotype for rs211037 was an independent risk factor for IS (p = 0.017, OR = 1.925, 95% CI, 1.122–3.303). Age was also found to be an independent risk factor, and the older the age, the higher the risk of IS (p = 0.001, OR = 1.047, 95% CI, 1.020–1.073). Finally, subgroup analysis revealed that patients with the rs211037 TT genotype were associated with a higher NIHSS score (p = 0.03), and that large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA) subtype was predominant in patients with the rs211037 TT genotype (p = 0.042). Conclusions: These findings suggest the rs211037 polymorphism in the GABRG2 gene is an independent risk factor for IS in the Chinese population. GABRG2 could thus be a potential biomarker to assess the risk of IS.
A mixed method exploration of the effects and feasibility of an intergenerational fall prevention gardening programme in older adults at risk of falling: A clinical trial
Authors: der Wal Sandra Klaperski-van , Bruton Adam Mark , Felton Luke , Turner Sue
Published: October 2023

Aim: Exercise-based fall prevention programmes can significantly benefit older adults at risk of falling, yet drop-out and non-adherence are common. The current study investigated the feasibility and effects of an intergenerational, gardening-based fall prevention programme. This intervention was chosen because gardening is known to have a multitude of positive effects and was considered as more attractive option for the target population. Subject and Methods: Across three months, 16 individuals at risk of falling participated in eight weekly gardening sessions. Participants completed a battery of physical assessments and self-report questionnaires before and after the intervention. Focus groups were used to explore the participants’ perceptions of the intervention. Results: No statistically significant changes for the main physical and mental health outcomes were found, but participants reported increased confidence and reduced fear of falling. Qualitative analyses revealed that participants perceived the intervention to have diverse positive effects and provided important insights into participants’ motivation for programme attendance.Conclusion: A professionally designed and supervised gardening programme seems to be a promising fall prevention intervention and adequately powered RCTs need to further examine the effectiveness of such programmes. Furthermore, the current findings have a high value for researchers and practitioners, as they highlight factors like purposefulness and cognitive stimulation which could be systematically targeted to further increase participants’ motivation, acceptance, and adherence rates to fall prevention programmes in general.
RENCANA PEMBELAJARAN SECARA ONLINE
Authors: Pratiwi Nadya
Published: October 2023

Pada masa Covid-19 Setiap orang harus tetap berada di rumah selama pandemi, termasuk untuk bekerja, beribadah, dan sekolah. Surat Edaran Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Nomor 4 Tahun 2020 pada 24 Maret 2020 itu berisi tentang sikap pemerintah terhadap pendidikan dan pelaksanaan kebijakan pendidikan pada masa darurat penyebaran penyakit virus corona (covid-19). Pelaksanaan pembelajaran yang dilakukan dari rumah melalui daring atau pengajaran jarak jauh, yang menawarkan pengalaman belajar bermakna kepada siswa, merupakan salah satu dari enam kebijakan tersebut. Pembelajaran di rumah bagi siswa memberikan penekanan kuat pada pengajaran keterampilan hidup, sebagai pandemi Covid-19. Berdasarkan arahan presiden, penerapan "normal baru" sebagai template cara hidup baru telah dimulai di berbagai provinsi di Indonesia sejak pertengahan Mei. Dalam New Normal, masyarakat tetap dapat beraktivitas seperti biasa namun tetap harus mematuhi protokol kesehatan seperti menjaga jarak aman, menggunakan masker, menghindari tempat keramaian, dan sering mencuci tangan guna memutus rantai penyebaran Covid-19. Selama pandemi dan hingga pengembangan vaksin Covid-19, "normal baru" adalah transisi untuk mengatur kehidupan dan kebiasaan baru. Karena penerapan normal baru tidak memungkinkan untuk memberikan pengajaran di ruang kelas tradisional, pembelajaran jarak jauh tetap menjadi pilihan yang tepat bagi instruktur
Quantifying fault interpretation uncertainties and their impact on fault seal and seismic hazard analysis
Authors: Andrews Billy , Mildon Zoe , Jackson Christopher , Bond Clare
Published: October 2023

Fault-horizon cut-off data extracted from seismic reflection datasets are used to study normal fault geometry, displacement distribution, and growth history. We assess the influence of three seismic interpretation factors (repeatability, measurement obliquity, and fault cut-off type) on fault parameter uncertainty. Two repeat interpretations resulted in mean differences of 5-15% for throw, 11-42% for heave, 9-31% for displacement, and 7-27% for dip across faults. Measurement obliquity, where faults are interpreted using non-perpendicular transects to fault strike, show increasing uncertainty with increasing obliquity. Uncertainty in throw is 14-24% at obliquities >20˚  and 6-13% where obliquities <20˚. Continuous cut-offs, including non-discrete deformation, generally exhibit greater uncertainties compared to discontinuous (discrete) cut-offs. We consider the effect of interpretation factors on fault parameters used in seismic hazard assessment (SHA) and fault seal, using the established Shale Gouge Ratio (SGR). Even modest measurement obliquities and repeatability errors can affect inputs for SHA, causing large differences in throw- or slip-rate and inferred fault length. Measurement obliquity and repeatability have a variable impact on SGR calculations, highlighting the additional importance of sedimentary layer thickness and distribution. Our findings raise questions about the optimum workflow used to interpret faults and how uncertainties in fault interpretation are constrained and reported.
COVID-19 increased mortality salience, collectivism, and subsistence activities: A theory-driven analysis of online adaptation in the U.S., Indonesia, Mexico, and Japan
Authors: Evers Noah , Evers Gabriel , Greenfield Patricia M. , Yuan Qinyi , Gutierrez Felicity B. , Halim Gabrielle , Du Han
Published: October 2023

How does a life-threatening pandemic affect a culture? The Theory of Social Change, Cultural Evolution, and Human Development predicts that danger, as indicated by rising death rates and narrowing social worlds, shifts human psychology and behavior toward that found in small-scale, collectivistic, and rural subsistence ecologies. In particular, mortality salience, collectivism, and engagement in subsistence activities should increase as death rates rise and the social world retracts. Studies on the psychological response to the pandemic in the U.S. confirmed these predicted increases. The present study sought to generalize these previous findings by comparing the frequency of conceptually relevant linguistic terms used in Google searches and Twitter posts in the U.S., Japan, Indonesia, and Mexico for 30 days before the coronavirus pandemic began in each country with frequencies of the same terms for 30 days after. Generally, we found that mortality salience increased to the extent that countries experienced excess COVID mortality; collectivism increased to the extent that countries experienced excess COVID mortality and increased mortality salience; and subsistence activities increased to the extent that countries experienced excess COVID mortality, increased mortality salience, and/or stay-at-home-policies. Almost all these increases went beyond the general increase in internet use, which was a control variable in all analyses. These findings support a growing body of research documenting a human response to ecological danger.
Depression Self-Labeling in U.S. College Students: Associations with Perceived Control and Coping Strategies
Authors: Ahuvia Isaac , Schleider Jessica L. , Kneeland Elizabeth , Moser Jason , Schroder Hans
Published: October 2023

Background. Research on mental illness labeling has demonstrated that self-labeling (identifying with a mental illness label, e.g., “I have depression”) is associated with internalized stigma, maladaptive responses to that stigma, and lower quality of life. However, research has not yet examined the link between self-labeling and how individuals cope with emotional distress. It is important to understand this relationship because adaptive and maladaptive methods of coping can lead to positive and negative mental illness outcomes. Methods. This cross-sectional study examined the link between depression self-labeling, depression symptoms, and three constructs related to depression self-management (perceived control over depression, cognitive emotion regulation strategies, and help-seeking beliefs) in a large (N = 1,423) sample of U.S. college students. Results. Approximately one-fifth of students (22.2%) self-labeled as having depression, one-fifth (20.9%) met symptom criteria for major depressive disorder, and one-third (32.7%) met symptom criteria for any depressive disorder. After controlling for depression symptom severity, self-labeling was associated with lower levels of perceived control over depression (p = .002), more catastrophizing (p = .013), less perspective taking, refocusing, reappraisal, and planning (ps < .05), and more positive help-seeking attitudes towards medication (p < .001) but not therapy. Limitations. Results are non-causal and may not generalize to non-college populations. Conclusions. Self-labeling may inform how individuals manage mental illnesses such as depression, with the potential for positive and negative effects on clinical outcomes. This is consistent with well-established research on self-labeling with regards to stigma, but extends this research in important new directions.
Penerapan Konsep Arsitektur Regionalisme pada Bangunan Kampus Universitas Medan Area
Authors: Sagala Peranita , Situmorang Yendi Jhon Frijal , Pardede Donald
Published: October 2023

Indonesia has a distinctive array of architectural styles. Architecture that is rooted in regionalism offers a platform for the revival of traditional design elements in modern structures. One of North Sumatra's first private campuses is that of Medan Area University. The architecture and culture in this region are extremely varied. There is no prevailing architectural style like there is in Riau, West Sumatra, or Java. This campus uses conventional architecture in its construction as it is a university with an architectural study program. The scope of the use of regional architecture on a multicultural campus environment is investigated in this study. Several regional architectural applications have been made using the technique of observation and research of traditional architectural theories of the tribes living in North Sumatra.
DIVERSITY OF STINGLESS BEES, Tetragonula sp. (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE) IN TAMIL NADU, INDIA
Authors: Sabatına Paulraj , Srınıvasan Madapuji Rajagopalan , Murugan Marimuthu , Samınathan Vangili Ramasamy
Published: October 2023

The present study was conducted to find the diversity of stingless bees (Tetragonula sp.) in Coimbatore, Madurai, Dindigul, and Trichy districts in Tamil Nadu, India. Adult worker bees were collected from feral stingless bee colonies from 16 locations, four from each district. The collected stingless bees were preserved in 70% alcohol (ethanol) and examined under a Leica stereo zoom microscope. Seventeen morphometric key characteristics were measured to know the diversity of stingless bees. The results revealed that two species of stingless bees, Tetragonula iridipennis and T. laeviceps were prevalent in the four selected districts of Tamil Nadu. Four vital morphometric characters of the worker bees namely the head width, the forewing length, the hind tibial length, and the whole body length helped to distinguish the two Tetragonula sp. Among all the locations, the bees collected from L1- Insectary, TNAU, Coimbatore had much higher values of the above four morphometric characters (1.67mm ± 0.04, 3.69mm ± 0.02, 1.53mm ± 0.01 and 3.98mm ± 0.14 respectively) and were identified to be T. laeviceps based on these key morphometric characters. The bees from rest of the 15 locations which had the morphometric values 1.59 to 1.61 mm, 3.20 to 3.41mm, 1.34 to 1.43mm and 3.51 to 3.65mm respectively were categorized as T. iridipennis.
Novos aspectos morfológicos do aparelho hióide do tamanduá-bandeira (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) vivendo na interface homem-fauna no bioma Mata Atlântica, Brasil
Authors: Nalesso Rebeca Figueiredo , Godoy Icaro A S Pereira de , Baptistella Jamila Cristina , Panegossi Letícia Colin , Cardoso Tereza Cristina
Published: October 2023

The aim of this study was to identify the anatomical structures in the cervical region of the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla). For this, three adult female giant anteater corpses (head/neck) were used. The digital radiography analysis was performed in the sagittal direction. Subsequently, the heads of these animals were anatomically sectioned in anatomical sagittal plane. Radiography images were compared with anatomical sections. The association between digital radiography and anatomical sections allowed the visualization of anatomical structures found in the pharyngeal cavity. The new structure, never described before, was found and its topography revealed a close relation to the pharynx/larynx area. The findings of this study suggest that the giant anteater has structures morphologically adapted to its feeding habits, such as an elongated skull, tongue, styloid bones, mandible and a new structure serving as a feed reservoir connected directly to the esophagus (cervical part) described here. In addition, it was possible to establish anatomical parameters as an important tool for the veterinary routine of wild animals, since they allow for the precise identification of anatomical structures.
Penyelesaian Sistem Persamaan Fully Fuzzy Non Linear Menggunakan Metode Newton Raphson Ganda
Authors: La Zakaria , Eka Annisa , Aziz Dorrah
Published: October 2023

Terdapat banyak permasalahan dunia nyata yang diupayakan penyelesaiannya menggunakan sistem persamaan yang melibatkan himpunan bilangan fuzzy. Sistem persamaan fuzzy non linear dikembangkan menjadi sistem persamaan fully fuzzy nonlinear dengan mengimplementasikan operasi aritmatika bilangan fuzzy. Artikel ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan penyelesaian sistem persamaan fully fuzzy non linear yang melibatkan bilangan segitiga fuzzy dengan menggunakan alat bantu komputasi (algoritma dan pemrograman) dengan melibatkan metode Newton Raphson Ganda. Teknis mendapatkan solusi menggunakan metode ini dapat dicapai dengan terlebih dahulu melakukan transformasi sistem persamaan fuzzy ke dalam sistem persamaan nonlinear dengan bilangan tegas menggunakan operasi aritmatika bilangan fuzzy segitiga. Komputasi penentuan solusi didasari pada sebuah algoritma yang implementasinya ke dalam program Matlab. Algoritma dan program Matlab yang dibuat memperlihatkan bahwa Newton Raphson Ganda dapat menyelesaikan sistem persamaan fully fuzzy non linear dengan efesien dalam waktu dan akurat dalam nilai hampiran solusi.
Effects of ventro-oral thalamic deep brain stimulation in a patient with musician’s dystonia: illustrative case
Authors: Poncelet Fauve , Smeets Sara , Taira Takaomi , Visser-Vandewalle Veerle , Vandenberghe Wim , Peeters Jana , Van Bogaert Tine , Nuttin Bart
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

Musician’s dystonia is a task-specific focal hand dystonia characterized by involuntary contraction of muscles while playing a musical instrument. Current treatment options are often insufficient.

OBSERVATIONS

We present the effects of ventro-oral thalamic deep brain stimulation in a patient with musician’s dystonia. The patient was a 67-year-old pianist with musician’s dystonia who underwent deep brain stimulation with the ventralis oralis anterior and posterior nuclei of the thalamus as targets. The Tubiana and Chamagne rating scale was used to evaluate the effects of stimulation. The outcome was evaluated independently by four clinicians in a blinded manner at 3 months postoperatively. There was a distinct reduction of symptoms during stimulation. At 15 months postoperatively, the beneficial effect remained. No lasting side effects were observed.

LESSONS

Further studies are warranted to evaluate the safety and long-term efficacy of this treatment modality.
Awake resection of recurrent astroblastoma with intraoperative 5-ALA–induced fluorescence: illustrative case
Authors: Price Anthony , O’Leary Sean , Malkova Kseniia , D’Souza Preston , Ogasawara Christian , Felicella Michelle M , Karas Patrick J
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

Astroblastoma is a rare neoplasm characterized as a circumscribed glial neoplasm most often arising in the frontoparietal cerebral hemispheres in older children.

OBSERVATIONS

We report an intriguing case of an astroblastoma recurrence 21 years after gross-total resection and radiation. A 32-year-old right-handed female presented to the emergency department for a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. She had a history of bipolar disorder, intractable migraines, and prior seizures linked to an astroblastoma previously resected three times. Magnetic resonance imaging on the current visit showed growth of the recurrent lesion to a 3.8-cm maximal diameter. Left-sided awake craniotomy was performed to remove the tumor while using speech mapping and 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA). Targeted next-generation sequencing of the tumor revealed in-frame MN1::BEND2 fusion transcripts.

LESSONS

We found that 5-ALA can be used in astroblastoma patients to assist in gross-total resection, which is important for long-term survival. Our astroblastoma case demonstrated classic astroblastoma morphology, with typical perivascular astroblastic rosettes, and was brightly fluorescent after 5-ALA administration.
CircRBM33 induces endothelial dysfunction by targeting the miR-6838-5p/PDCD4 axis affecting blood-brain barrier in mice with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Zhang Yanbin , Yuan Xiaodong , Xu Jie , Gu Huafen
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND: circRNAs (circRNAs) are involved in the process of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CI/RI). Our study aims to explore circRBM33 in the endothelial function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). METHODS: The mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion model (MCAO) was established and restored to perfusion, and OGD/R-induced endothelial cells were used to simulate CI/RI. circRBM33, miR-6838-5p and PDCD4, as well as Occludin, ZO-1 and Claudin-5 TJs were evaluated by quantitative PCR and Western blot. The ring structure of circRBM33 was verified by RNAse R and actinomycin D experiments. MTT and LDH Cytotoxicity assay determined viability and toxicity, and flow cytometry determined apoptosis rate. Inflammatory cytokines and the number of microglia in brain tissue were measured by ELISA and IHC. The interaction between genes was verified by RIP and dual luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS: circRBM33 was a circrRNA present in the cytoplasm and up-regulated in the brain tissue of MCAO mice and OGD/R-induced endothelial cells. Silenced circRBM33 promoted Occludin, ZO-1, and Claudin-5 expression and cell proliferation, and inhibited cytotoxicity, inflammatory response, and apoptosis. Functionally, circRBM33-absorbed miR-6838-5p was involved in regulating PDCD4, leading to endothelial cell dysfunction, and thus affecting the function of the BBB. CONCLUSIONS: circRBM33 by mediating miR-6838-5p/PDCD4 axis induces endothelial dysfunction, thereby affecting the BBB in mice with CI/RI.
Tackling Dementia Together via The Australian Dementia Network (ADNeT): A Summary of Initiatives, Progress and Plans
Authors: Naismith Sharon L. , Michaelian Johannes C. , Santos Cherry , Mehrani Inga , Robertson Joanne , Wallis Kasey , Lin Xiaoping , Ward Stephanie A. , Martins Ralph , Masters Colin L. , Breakspear Michael , Ahern Susannah , Fripp Jurgen , Schofield Peter R. , Sachdev Perminder S. , Rowe Christopher C.
Published: October 2023

In 2018, the Australian Dementia Network (ADNeT) was established to bring together Australia’s leading dementia researchers, people with living experience and clinicians to transform research and clinical care in the field. To address dementia diagnosis, treatment, and care, ADNeT has established three core initiatives: the Clinical Quality Registry (CQR), Memory Clinics, and Screening for Trials. Collectively, the initiatives have developed an integrated clinical and research community, driving practice excellence in this field, leading to novel innovations in diagnostics, clinical care, professional development, quality and harmonization of healthcare, clinical trials, and translation of research into practice. Australia now has a national Registry for Mild Cognitive Impairment and dementia with 55 participating clinical sites, an extensive map of memory clinic services, national Memory and Cognition Clinic Guidelines and specialized screening for trials sites in five states. This paper provides an overview of ADNeT’s achievements to date and future directions. With the increase in dementia cases expected over coming decades, and with recent advances in plasma biomarkers and amyloid lowering therapies, the nationally coordinated initiatives and partnerships ADNeT has established are critical for increased national prevention efforts, co-ordinated implementation of emerging treatments for Alzheimer’s disease, innovation of early and accurate diagnosis, driving continuous improvements in clinical care and patient outcome and access to post-diagnostic support and clinical trials. For a heterogenous disorder such as dementia, which is now the second leading cause of death in Australia following cardiovascular disease, the case for adequate investment into research and development has grown even more compelling.