bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studies in African Cyperaceae 25. New taxa and combinations in Cyperus L.
Authors: Lye Kåre Arnstein
Published: March 2008

Four new subgenera, nineteen new species, two new subspecies and two new varieties of Cyperus L. are described, viz. subgen. Aristomariscus Lye, subgen. Bulbomariscus Lye, subgen. Xerocyperus Lye, subgen. Micromariscus Lye, Cyperus micromariscus Lye, C. boreochrysocephalus Lye, C. crassivaginatus Lye, C. kyllingaeformis Lye, C. cremeomariscus Lye, C. gigantobulbes Lye, C. boreobellus Lye, C. longi–involucralus Lye, C. kwaleensis Lye, C. afrovaricus Lye, C. afrodunensis Lye, C flavoculmis Lye, C microumbellatus Lye, C. purpureoviridis Lye, C. graciliculmis Lye, C. afromon–tanus Lye, C. nyererei Lye, C. afroalpinus Lye, C castaneobellus Lye, C. soyauxii Boeck. ssp. pallescens Lye, C. usitatus Burch. ssp. palmatus Lye, C. renschii Boeck. var. scabridus Lye, and C. fischerianus A. Rich. var. ugandensis Lye. The following new combinations are made: Cyperus L. subgen. Bulbocaulis (C.B.C1.) Lye, Cyperus L. subgen. Courtoisia (Nees) Lye, Cyperus L. subgen. Sorostachys (Steudel) Lye, Cyperus L. subgen. Remirea (Aublet) Lye, Cyperus L. subgen. Alinula (Raynal) Lye, Cyperus lipocarphoides (Kükenth.) Lye, C. malawicus (Raynal) Lye, C. tanganyica–nus (Kiikenth.) Lye, C. mortonii (Hooper) Lye, C. pseudodiaphanus (Hooper) Lye, C. overlaetii (Hooper & Raynal) Lye, C. dewildeorum (Raynal) Lye, C. pagotii (Raynal) Lye, C. demangei (Raynal) Lye, C. afroechinatus Lye, C. niveus Retz. var. ledermannii (Kiikenth.) Lye, C. niveus Retz. var. tisserantii (Cherm.) Lye, C. distans L.f. ssp. longibracteatus (Cherm.) Lye, C. distans L.f. ssp. longibracteatus (Cherm.) Lye, var. rubrotinctus (Cherm.) Lye, C. cyperoides (L.) Kuntze ssp. alternifolius (Vahl) Lye, C. cyperoides (L.) Kuntze ssp. macrocarpus (Kunth) Lye, C. cyperoides (L.) Kuntze ssp. pseudoflavus (Clarke) Lye, C. dubius Rottb. ssp. macrocephalus (Kiikenth.) Lye, C. dubius Rottb. ssp. coloratus (Vahl) Lye, C. usitatus Burch. var. stuhlmannii (Clarke) Lye, C. laxus Lam. ssp. sylvestris (Ridley) Lye, and C. laxus Lam. ssp. buchholzii (Boeck.) Lye and C. globifer (Clarke) Lye.
Studies in African Cyperaceae 27. Miscellaneous new taxa and combinations
Authors: Lye Kire Arnstein
Published: March 2008

One new form of Fuirena Rottb., one new subspecies of Schoenoplectus Palla and one new variety of Carex L. are described from East Africa, viz. Fuirena leptostachya Oliv. f. nudiflora Lye, Schoenoplectus lateriflorus (Gmel.) Lye ssp. laevinux Lye and Carex bequaertii De Wild. var. maxima Lye. In addition, the following new combinations are made: Fuirena ciliaris (L.) Roxb. f. apetala (Wingfield) Lye, F. stricta Steudel ssp. chlorocarpa (Ridley) Lye, Schoenoplectus rhodesicus (Podlech) Lye, 5. corymbosus (Roem. & Schult.) J. Rayn. var. brachyceras (A. Rich.) Lye, S. confusus (N.E. Br.) Lye var. rogersii (N.E. Br.) Lye, S. erectus (Poiret) J. Rayn, ssp. raynalii (Schuyler) Lye, S. erectus (Poiret) J. Rayn. ssp. sinuatus (Schuyler) Lye, Eleocharis retroflexa (Poiret) Urban ssp. subtilissima (Nelmes) Lye, Machaerina Vahl subgen. Baumea (Gaud.) Lye, Machaerina flexuosa (Bock.) Kern ssp. laevinux (J. Rayn.) Lye, M. montana (J. Rayn.) Lye, M. flexuosa (Böck.) Kern ssp. polyanthemum (Kük.) Lye, Scleria lagoënsis Böck. ssp. canaliculato–triquetra (Böck.) Lye, 5. distans Poiret var. glomerulata (Oliv.) Lye, S. distans Poiret var. chondrocarpa (Nelmes) Lye, S. melanotricha A. Rich. var. grata (Nelmes) Lye, Carex echinochloë Kunze ssp. nyasensis (C. B. Clarke) Lye, C. conferta A. Rich. var. lycurus (K. Schum.) Lye, C. cognata Kunth var. abyssinica (Chiov.) Lye and C. cognata Kunth var. congolensis (Turrill) Lye.
The genus Coprotus (Pezizales) in Norway
Authors: Aas Olav
Published: March 2008

The following seven species of Coprotus from Norway are reported: C. disculus Kimbrough, Luck–Allen & Cain, C. granuliformis (Crouan) Kimbrough, C. lacteus (Cooke & Phillips) Kimbrough, Luck–Allen & Cain, of which Humana zamurensis Pat. & Gaill. is shown to be a taxonomic synonym, C. leucopocillum Kimbrough, Luck–Allen & Cain, C. luteus Kimbrough, Luck–Allen & Cain, C. ochraceus (Crouan) J. Moravec and C. sexdecimsporus (Crouan) Kimbrough & Korf. A key, comments on distribution and substrate preference are provided for the species treated.
The species of Geissorhiza (Iridaceae) of Thunberg's herbarium (Uppsala, Sweden)
Authors: Goldblatt Peter
Published: March 2008

The complex typification and nomenclature of the eight species of Geissorhiza based on Thunberg's Cape collections, is reviewed critically in preparation for a complete revision of the genus. These species, initially assigned to Ixia, were described by Thunberg and von Linné fil., founded on collections of twelve different species. Some well known species require changes to their nomenclature; G. rochensis sensu Ker becomes G. radians (Thunb.) Goldbl.; while Ixia scillaris Thunb. nom. illeg., based on three different species is lectotypified and shown to be G. scillaris Spreng., a species quite distinct from G. juncea, with which it has often been confused. Arguments for considering the name G. secunda illegitimate are reviewed. The species long known by this epithet must be called G. aspera Goldbl. Lectotypes have been designated for G. monanthos, G. radians, G. scillaris and G. setacea, none of which have been satisfactorily typified before.
Cytology of oil–body cells in Ricciocarpus natans
Authors: Kronestedt Eva
Published: March 2008

Oil–body cells in the liverwort Ricciocarpus natans are present as idioblasts and contain a single oil–body each. The limiting membrane of the oil–body has a tripartite dark–light–dark configuration. The layer facing the oil–body is thickest. Lipophilic globules are embedded in a matrix, which reacted positively for proteins, polysaccharides and lipids. The globules, which initially are minute, can coalesce to larger units, ultimately forming a single one. A peripheral layer was recognized by its different stainability. This layer was sometimes separated from the rest of the globule. Some seasonal variability was observed in the nature of the matrix and the amount of lipophilic material.

The origin of the oil–body from the central vacuole was traced from the meristematic zone. The resemblance between the oil–body membrane and the tonoplast is in accordance with this origin. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is extensively developed and seems to contribute material to the developing oil–body.
The genera Dirina and Roccellina (Roccellaceae)
Authors: Tehler A.
Published: March 2008

In the present monograph of the coastal lichens, generally referred to as Dirina (crustose), Lobodirina (placoid), and Roccellina (suffruticose), two genera comprising 38 taxa are recognized: Dirina Fr. (7 species, 2 subspecies, and 4 forms) and Roccellina Darbish. (23 species and 2 forms). One Chiodecton and one Enterographa species are transferred to Dirina. Lobodirina Follm. is included in Roccellina together with seven species formerly placed in Dirina, one in Schismatomma, and one in Dirinastrum. The relationships between the two genera and the relation to other genera in Roccellaceae are discussed. Eleven species, and four forms are new: Dirina approximata Zahlbr. ssp. hioramii (B. de Lesd.) Tehler f. sorediala Tehler, D. catalinariae Hasse f. sorediala Tehler, D. insulana (C. Tav.) Tehler f. sorediala Tehler, Roccellina badia Tehler, R. cerebriformis (Mont.) Tehler f. sorediala Tehler, R. chalybea Tehler, R. conformis Tehler, R. exspectata Tehler, R. flavida Tehler, R. inaequabilis Tehler, R. nigricans Tehler, R. nigrocincta Tehler, R. obscura Tehler, R. suffruticosa Tehler, R. terrestris Tehler. Sixteen new combinations are proposed: D. approximata Zahlbr. ssp. africana (Fee) Tehler, D. approximata Zahlbr. ssp. hioramii (B. de Lesd.) Tehler, Dirina cretacea (Zahlbr.) Tehler, D. insulana (C. Tav.) Tehler, D. massiliensis Durteu et Mont. f. sorediala (Mull. Arg.) Tehler, Roccellina accedens (Nyl.) Tehler, R. capensis (Nyl. ex Stiz.) Tehler, R. cerebriformis (Mont.) Tehler, R. chilena (Dodge) Tehler, R. cinerea (Mull. Arg.) Tehler, R. cinerea (Mull. Arg.) Tehler f. sorediosa (Müll. Arg.) Tehler, R. falklandica (Zahlbr.) Tehler, R. limitata (Nyl.) Tehler, R. lutosa (Zahlbr.) Tehler, R. mahuiana (Follm.) Tehler, R. niponica (Nyl.) Tehler. All Dirina and 18 Roccelina species have been collected and studied in the field. Gross morphology and chemistry arediscussed. Statistical measurements of spore size are made for all species and subspecies. A cladistic relationship of the species of both genera, and a reduced area cladogram for Roccellina are proposed. Dirina is mainly restricted to the Northern Hemisphere and Roccellina, except for four species, is found in the Southern Hemisphere. The species are mainly bound to mediterranean, arid or subtropical climates.
The gamma body: A vesicle generating structure
Authors: Olson Lauritz W. , Lange Lene
Published: March 2008

Gamma bodies, which are present in the sporangia and gametangia of Allomyces and in its spores, are interpreted as constituting vesicle generating structures. During spore cleavage the mobilization–decay of the gamma bodies leads to vesicle formation; the vesicles appear to fuse to form the axonemal and plasma membrane of the spore. Vesicle formation by the gamma bodies during spore cleavage can be perturbed by phosphate buffer which leads to the formation of myelin–figure arrays of membranes, or by colchicine and benomyl which give rise to large vacuolar structures after gamma body decay. During the motile period of the spores of Allomyces, mobilization of the gamma bodies leads to vacuole formation and the resulting vacuoles fuse with the plasma membrane of the spore and by this means maintain the osmotic balance of the spore. During spore encystment the gamma body decays and forms vesicles which fuse with the plasma membrane of the cyst; these vesicles appear to be instrumental in chitin wall synthesis.
Foliar sclereids in Memecylon and Lijndenia (Melastomataceae) from Borneo, Java, Malaya and Sumatra
Authors: Rao T. Ananda , Bremer K. , Naidu T. R. B.
Published: March 2008

Foliar sclereids are investigated in 41 Memecylon species and in Lijndenia laurina Zoll. & Mor. (=Memecylon oligoneurum Bl.). The predominance of filiform sclereids in the Memecylon species is remarkable. Lijndenia laurina has ramiform sclereids.
Diceratella alata (Cruciferae), a new species from the Horn of Africa
Authors: Jonsell Bengt , Moggi Guido
Published: March 2008

Diceratella alata (Cruciferae, Matthioleae) is described and illustrated. It is only known from a small area in Central Somalia and SE Ethiopia. By its prominently winged siliquae it is extreme within the genus.
Role of black alder (Alnus glutinosa) in vegetation dynamics in West Norway
Authors: Fremstad Eli
Published: March 2008

In Norway black alder (Alnus glutinosa) has an ‘optimal’ area along the western coast where it acts as a pioneer species in secondary successions on Calluna and grass heaths, pastures, formerly cultivated land and in hydroseres. Black alder is dominant or co–dominant with birch in oligotrophic grazing forests, most of which belong to the ass. Corno suecicae–Betuletum where black alder seems to be able to survive for a long time. It is also found in a variety of other woodland communities, some of which are stable Alnetea glutinosae or Alno–Padion communities. Others are successional stages towards meso– or eutrophic deciduous forests. The new Alnetea glutinosae ass. Carici nigrae–Alnetum glutinosae is described. The ecology of black alder in West Norway is compared to its ecology in other areas, especially on the British Isles. The humid climate and recent changes in agricultural practice are the main reasons for the present abundance of black alder in West Norway.
A cladistic analysis of Haemanthus and Scadoxus
Authors: Nordal Inger , Duncan Thomas
Published: March 2008

Estimates, based on various cladistic methods, of the evolutionary relationship between the species of Haemanthus and Scadoxus are presented. The different methods are compared and discussed. On the data available the compatibility analysis gave a result easier to explain biologically compared to the parsimony analysis. In Haemanthus the results are ambiguous and more data needed. In Scadoxus the following sub–generic division is supported: Two subgenera, Scadoxus and Demeusea, the first with two sections, Scadoxus and Gyaxis, the second with three, Demeusea, Gamolepis and Choananthus.
Taxonomy and phytogeny of the genus Acalypha (Euphorbiaceae) in the Galápagos Archipelago
Authors: Seberg Ole
Published: March 2008

A preliminary phylogeny of the Neotropical Acalypha is proposed, and previous infrageneric classifications commented upon. New views are presented on the floral morphology; the homology of the inflorescences and of the allomorphic female flower. The Galapagos Acalypha (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphinae) are revised; the group is established as monophyletic and its relationships are shown. The sister–group is the Neotropical A. cuspidata–complex. Four species are recognized, viz. A. baurii Robinson & Greenman, A. wiggensii Webster, A. parvula J. D. Hooker, and A. abingdonii sp. nov. A. baurii is shown to be the sister–group of A. abingdonii + A. wigginsii+A. parvula, and A. abingdonii the sister–group of A. wigginsii + A. parvula. Brief accounts are given on nomenclatural history, aspects of morphology, chromosome numbers, geographical distribution (incl. the biogeography of the Galapagos Isles), ecology, pollination biology, and population structure.

Se propone una filogenia preliminar para la Acalypha neotropical y se comenta la clasificacion infragenerica anterior. Se presenta nuevos puntos de vista sobre la morfología floral, la homología de las infloresciencias y sobre las floras alomórficas femeninas. Se revisa nomenclatura y taxonomía de Acalypha de Galápagos (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphinae); se establece el grupo como monofilético y se revelan sus relaciones: el grupo gemelo es el complejo A. cuspidata neotropical. Se reconoce cuatro especies en esta revision: A. baurii Robinson & Greenmann, A. wigginsii Webster, A. parvula J. D. Hooker, y una nueva, A. abingdonii que se describe. A. baurii parece ser gemela de A. abingdonii + A. wigginsii + A. parvula, y A. abingdonii la gemela de A. wigginsii + A. parvula. Se hace comentarios cortos sobre la historia de la nomenclatura, aspectos de morfologia, numero cromosonico, dis–tribusión geografica (incluyendo la biogeografía de las Islas Galápagos), ecologia, biología de polinizaci6n y estructura poblacional.
Vegetative cells and cysts of Mallomonas intermedia (Mallomonadaceae, Chrysophyceae)
Authors: Skogstad Asbjørn
Published: March 2008

A well–developed population of Mallomonas intermedia Kisselew (Mallomonadaceae, Chrysophyceae), made LM– and EM–observations of vegetative and cyst–stage possible. The observations of the cyst differ from earlier descriptions. The maturing of the cyst comprises processes in the cyst wall which can be observed in SEM, but which are not visible by LM. The cyst, whether mature or immature is very characteristic and can be identified by LM.
Notes on Ethiopian Vitaceae and Burseraceae
Authors: Vollesen Kaj
Published: March 2008

In Vitaceae three new species of Cyphostemma (Planch.) Alston are described: C. boranense Vollesen, C. burgeri Vollesen, C. pannosum Vollesen. The new combinations Cyphostemma betiforme (Chiov.) Vollesen, C. dembianense (Chiov.) Vollesen and C. oxyphyllum (A. Rich.) Vollesen are proposed. Cayratia ruspolii (Gilg) Suesseng. is transferred back to the genus Cissus L.

In Burseraceae the new combination Commiphora kua (R. Br. ex Royle) Vollesen is proposed.
Omalanthus (Euphorbiaceae) in southeastern Polynesia –Pacific plant studies 40
Authors: John Harold St.
Published: March 2008

A new species Omalanthus gracilis is described from Raivavae Island; new locality records for O. nutans (Forst. f.) Pax are reported; the description of O. stokesii F. Br. is emended.
Fluorescent Tussilago anthers
Authors: Elvers Ivar
Published: March 2008

Observations of living flower–heads of Tussilago farfara with ultraviolet light have confirmed the previously known distinction between the UV absorbing disc–flowers and the UV reflecting ray–flowers. A further differentiation of the yellow colours in the capitulum is that the anther walls fluoresce when exposed to UV light.
Elaphomyces striatosporus found in Sweden
Authors: Kers Lars E.
Published: March 2008

Elaphomyces striatosporus (Ascomycetes, Plectascales), originally described from a single find from southern Norway, is recorded from five localities in Sweden. The known Scandinavian distribution is mapped. Notes on morphology and habitats are presented. The peculiar exospore ornamentation found in the original material, is characteristic also of the new finds. The fungus grows in close association with Corylus avellana, with which it probably forms mycorrhiza. The northernmost Swedish locality corresponds to a relict locality for Corylus. It is suggested that E. striatosporus too may be a relic there.
The genus Hypocenomyce (Lecanorales, Lecideaceae), with special emphasis on the Norwegian and Swedish species
Authors: Timdal Einar
Published: March 2008

Ten species are recognized in the genus Hypocenomyce. Their morphology, anatomy, chemistry, and ecology are discussed, a key is provided, and their distribution in Norway and Sweden is mapped. Hypocenomyce australis Timdal and H. foveata Timdal are described as new, and the combinations H. castaneocinerea (Räsänen) Timdal and H. praestabilis (Nyl.) Timdal are proposed. The genus can be divided into four species groups on the basis of apothecial and conidial characters, type of pigment in the epithecium and pyenidial wall, and chemical properties of the thallus. The delimitation of the genus in relation to Lecidea s. lat. is in need of further elucidation.
On Nephroselmis pyriformis (N. Carter) Ettl
Authors: Moestrup Øjvind
Published: March 2008

It is stated that Nephroselmis pyriformis (N. Carter) Ettl has priority over N. pyriformis (N. Carter) Moestrup.
Hybridization and distribution of Argyranthemum coronopifolium (Asteraceae – Anthemideae) in the Canary Islands
Authors: Brochmann Christian
Published: March 2008

Argyranthemum coronopifolium (Willd.) C. J. Humphries, a rare endemic of Ten–erife in the Canary Islands, has a disjunct distribution which coincides with the two largest Tertiary basalt massives, Teno and Anaga. No morphological differentiation was found between the Teno and Anaga populations. The disjunction is believed to be due to barriers caused by lava flows in the intermediate region of North Tenerife. A. coronopifolium is shown to be hybridizing with the widespread A. frutescens (L.) Schultz Bip. in both Anaga and Teno. The hybridization was analysed phenetically by Wells' distance method and principal coordinate analysis. Geographical barriers between the species are shown to be broken down by road side immigration of A. frutescens into the area of A. coronopifolium, and the possibility of swamping is discussed. The trend of increasing hybridization is connected to the development of tourism in the Canary Islands.
The pollination ecology of Actaea spicata (Ranunculaceae)
Authors: Pellmyr Olle
Published: March 2008

Pollination ecology of Actaea spicata L. (Ranunculaceae) was studied at localities ranging from deciduous to spruce forest. The species is self–incompatible and possibly facultatively apomictic. No anemogamy seems to occur. In deciduous forest, the plant is primarily pollinated by pollen–foraging and mate–searching Byturus ochraceus (Scriba) (Coleoptera). It flowers during a period between emergence of the beetle and onset of anthesis of the prime pollen source and only larval host plant, Geum ur–banum L. (Rosaceae). The beetles sit on the suitably long anther filaments or on top of the stigma. Floral morphology promotes pollination–performing movements by the beetle. The complex floral fragrance seems to induce close–range behaviour, i.e. alighting and/or foraging. Flies become abundant visitors only shortly before anthesis is over, and their contribution is small. Large syrphids are relatively effective as pollinators, since they grasp the stamens near the base and often touch the stigma with pollen–dusted parts of their bodies. Due to lack of its food–plant, B. ochraceus is absent at spruce forest localities and northwards. At these localities flowering is delayed until the main fly appearance, and the flowers are heavily pollinated by several syrphids and muscids. At three deciduous–forest localities a second flowering took place with new, juxtaposed inflorescences on separate stalks. The distribution of such inflorescences within the population along with the distribution and abundance of pollinators among the two generations of flowers suggest that these inflorescences occur as a response to low rate of pollination in the first anthesis.
Distribution and occurrence of Onagraceae in Greenland
Authors: Fredskild Bent
Published: March 2008

Distribution maps of the Greenland Onagraceae and synecological notes are presented. Four species are low–arctic, most often or exclusively growing in the lowland. The northernmost occurrence of the three of them,Epilobium palustre, E. hornemanniiandE. lactiflorumis at “hot springs” between 69° and 70° N, while the fourth,Chamaenerion angustifolium, with the same northern limit, does not show this preference.E. anagallidifoliumis even growing two degrees of latitude further north, and besides it is not limited to the lowland.E. arcticumhas an arctic distribution between 69° and 80° N, while the seventh species,C. latifolium, is circumgreenlandic, being rare only in the most oceanic part of N Greenland. The occurrence ofE. alsinifoliumin Greenland has been rejected.
New and interesting Myxomycetes from Norway
Authors: Johannesen Edvin Wilhelm
Published: March 2008

Forty–nine species of myxomycetes are reported as new to Norway. Of these, 22 species are new to Scandinavia. Several have not, or only rarely, been reported from Europe. Two species (viz. Diderma subfloriformis and Comatricha anomala) were previously known only from their type localities. Brief discussions are given for some of the more interesting species.
The delimitation of Psora (Lecideaceae) and related genera, with notes on some species
Authors: Timdal Einar
Published: March 2008

A new delimitation of the lichen genus Psora Hoffm. is proposed. The genus is mainly characterized by a squamulose thallus, an upper cortex of ‘Scheinrindentyp’, a hypothecium containing calcium oxalate, an amyloid hymenium containing anthra–quinones, the type of ascus and the type of pycnidium. The affinities of Psora to the genera Eremastrella, Psorula, and Xanthopsora and some squamulose species provisionally included in Lecidea are discussed. The genus Chrysopsora is reduced to syn–onomy with Psora, and the species Lecidea hedinii, L. scholanderi, and Psora petri to synonomy with Lecidea pulcherrima, Toninia tristis, and Lecidea lurida, respectively. The new combinations Lecanora scotopholis (Tuck.) Timdal, Psora hypotheja (Lamb) Timdal, P. subrubiformis (Vainio) Timdal, and P. vallesiaca (Schaerer) Timdal are proposed.

New chemical data are given for a number of the species and chemical strains are recognized for the first time in Psora crenala, P. globifera, P. gresinonis, and P. rubifor–mis. Two new chemical strains of P. decipiens are recorded.
Active self‐pollination in blackberries (Rubus subgen. Rubus, Rosaceae)
Authors: Nybom Hilde
Published: March 2008

Most blackberry species are apomictic but pseudogamous, i.e. embryo development is dependent on prior pollination. Two different types of stamen arrangement were noted in senescing flowers of 18 Swedish species and 2 common cultivars. The stamens of ‘cross‐pollinating’ species seldom touch the stigmas while those of ‘self‐pollinating’ species instead arch over the pistils and dry up in this position. All species set seed well after artificial self‐pollination and are thus self‐compatible. Isolation experiments were carried out during 3 years. When inflorescences were bagged, seed set was drastically lowered in ‘cross‐pollinators’ but remained almost unaltered in ‘self‐pollinators’. The different responses to isolation are probably due to the inherent stamen behaviour.
Differences in species richness and site preference of the vascular plant flora of river shores in northern Sweden in relation to the degree of natural habitat disturbance
Authors: Nilsson Christer , Holmström Kenneth
Published: March 2008

Samples from sixty‐two geolittoral sites along two rivers in northern Sweden were analysed in order to quantify possible differences in the vascular plant flora related to differences in the type of natural disturbance of the habitat (more disturbed: rapids (water flow) and lakes (wave action); less disturbed: slow‐flowing stretches). We found that the mean species richness was lower along the slow‐flowing stretches, than along the rapids and lakes, which were quite similar. When the geolittoral was subdivided into the three vertical belts, the floras of both the upper and middle belts exhibited this same pattern, whereas the species richness of the lower geolittoral belt was also low along the stretches of rapids. Along both rivers, the steepest gradient in mean species richness was recorded on the shores bordering rapids. The highest numbers of ‘constant’ species (frequency (F) > 60%); and of those which showed a statistically significant (probability (p) > 0.05) preference for a certain type of stretch in at least one of the three geolittoral belts, or in the entire geolittoral, were found along the rapids, in comparison to the flora of the slow‐flowing stretches. The flora of the lake shores also comprised a large number of specific species compared to that along the slow‐flowing stretches. The predominant species along the above‐mentioned stretches reflect both phytogeographical and habitat differences.
Contribution to the nomenclature of Cortinarius subgenus Dermocybe
Authors: Høiland Klaus
Published: March 2008

The correct citation of Dermocybe as a subgenus of Cortinarius should be: Cortinarius (Fr.) Fr. subgen. Dermocybe (Fr.) Sam., since it was Saccardo who definitely treated Dermocybe at the subgeneric level under the genus Coriinarius. According to the rules of nomenclature, the type species of Dermocybe must be Coriinarius cinnamomeus (L.: Fr.) Fr. Cortinarius croceus (Schaeff.: Fr.) H˜jiland is invalidly combined, and the new combination Cortinarius croceus (Schaeff.) Heiland is proposed. A neotype for Cortinarius croceus is also proposed. Hydrocybe palustris Moser is invalidly published since the author simultaneously published an alternative name, Cortinarius palusiris Moser. Therefore the combinations Dermocybe palustris (Moser) Moser and Coriinarius palusiris (Moser) Nez‐dojminogo are invalid. The earliest legitimate name of the taxon is Cortinarius huronensis Ammirati & Smith.

Cortinarius sphagneti Orton is a later homonym of Cortinarius shagneti Sing. The earliest legitimate name of the former taxon is Cortinarius tubarius Ammirati & Smith.
Morphological and anatomical features of Cuscuta pedicellata and C. campestris
Authors: Lyshede Ole B.
Published: March 2008

Observations on morphological and anatomical features of Cuscuta pedicellata and, to a lesser extent, C. campestris have been made at different stages of their life‐cycles. The seedling is filiform with a bulbous radicular end which collapses early. The simple shoot apex is green and photosentitive. Initial “nutation” is followed by “creeping” over the substrate. Host plants less than about three weeks old seem not to be attacked by Cuscuta seedlings. When haustorial contact is established the shoot apex differentiates into buds and scale leaves. The chlorophyll disappears and stomata, which are lacking in the seedling, develop. The apical growth rate increases strongly by frequent cell division and ‐ elongation. This is reflected anatomically by the formation of “cell families” in rows. Weakening and flowering of the host plants are followed by flowering of the parasite. Greening of stem segments of Cuscuta occurs during formation of haustoria and after death of the host. Stem anatomy is characterized by a tripartite cortex in which the middle layer consists of thin‐walled angular cells. Characteristic are also the voluminuous intercellular spaces, the cortical and perivascular laticifers, and the central position of the small vascular bundles. Observations on self‐parasitism were made. The epidermis of the haustorial cushion elongates and the cytoplasm is mainly positioned towards the host. Pseudo‐intercellular spaces are formed between the epidermal cells. The haustorium connects the phloem of the two plants, but vascular elements of any kind have not been observed.
The pollination ecology of two nectarless Cimicifuga sp. (Ranunculaceae) in North America
Authors: Pellmyr Olle
Published: March 2008

The pollination ecology of Cimicifuga rubifolia Kearney and C. elata Nutt., endemic nectarless species in Tennessee and the Pacific Northwest, respectively, was studied. Both species are pollinated by bumblebee workers, which run over the flowers pressing their bodies against them. Large syrphids act as copollinators. Extremely high pollen/ovule ratios are explained as optimal sex allocation in response to pollen‐tolling by the pollen‐collecting pollinators. Facultative geitonogamy in the self‐compatible C. elata seems to be evolved in response to very low pollinator density in the habitat. Because of the pollinator behavior, geitonogamy virtyally always precedes xenogamy. C. rubifolia encounters higher pollinator visit frequency than C. elata, and self‐incompatibility prevents selfing. Since it is nectarless, C. rubifolia is inferior in competion for bumblebees with most other entomogamous plants. It appears to have a commensalistic relationship with its constant associates, Impatiens pallida (Balsaminaceae) and/or Polymnia canadensis (Asteraceae), which attract large numbers of bumblebees. C. rubifolia is pollinated by bumblebees encountering them when scouting around the nectar‐flower stand. This conclusion is based on: 1) Negative correlation for distance between nectar‐flowers and Cimicifuga and the fruit set of the latter, 2) non‐skewed flowering period, 3) extremely extended flowering on both the ramet and population levels, only limited by flowering period of nectar‐flower associates and by pollinator abundance, and 4) fruit set rates independent of visual display size, and also of flower density in the habitat (i.e., the pollination rate was directly proportional to the density).
Preliminary classification and ecology of dry grassland communities on Ölands Stora Alvar (Sweden)
Authors: Krahulec Frantiŝek , Rosén Ejvind , van der Maarel Eddy
Published: March 2008

Four plant community types are described for Öland's Stora Alvar, the limestone plateau of South Öland and preliminary classified syntaxonomically:

(1) Crepis pumila – Allium alvarense ass. (2) Helianthemum oelandicum – Galium oelandicum ass. (3) Gypsophila fastigiata – Globularia vulgaris ass. and (4) Veronica spicata – Avenula pratensis ass. (with two subassociations, the Sedum reflexum and Galium boreale subass.). The ecology of these types is discussed with emphasis on soil depth, frost perturbation and the combined effects of summer drought and grazing intensity.

Various endemic taxa appear to be good character species for the community types described. The typical local ecology of some common species is discussed with the suggestion that they might have formed endemic ecotypes which should be further investigated.

The communities described are very rich in cryptogams. The floristic variation as expressed by the cryptogamic species composition shows largely the same pattern as that shown by the phanerogams.
The utilization of organic nitrogen compounds as sole nitrogen source by some freshwater phytoplankters
Authors: Vieira A. A. H. , Klaveness D.
Published: March 2008

Seven organic compounds containing nitrogen were tested as potential sources of nitrogen for five different species of freshwater algae. The chlorococcal green algae Selenastrum and Ankistrodesmus were the most versatile with regard to nitrogen sources; the diatom Cyclotella also grew well upon some organic nitrogen compounds. The desmid Arthrodesmus grew fast only on urea, while Cryptomonas did not grow well upon any of the organic compounds tested.

More information is needed before the potential importance of organic nitrogen sources for freshwater phytoplankton can be assessed.
Melosira distans var. tenella and Eunotia zasuminensis, two poorly known planktonic diatoms in Finnish lakes
Authors: Eloranta Pertti
Published: March 2008

The occurrence and ecology of two poorly known planktonic diatoms, Melosira distans var. tenella (Nyg.) M.‐B. Florin and Eunotia zasuminensis (Cabejsz.) Körner in central Finland is discussed. Both species have their maximum in late summer when water temperature is > 15°C and they prefer slightly acid water (pH < 7), low conductivity (less than 4 mS/m) and a moderate degree of dystrophy with C.O.D. 10–20 mg O2/l and water colour 60–120 mg Pt/1. Melosira distans var. tenella was found in ca. 80% of the central Finnish lakes studied, but it is not reported in previously published papers. Eunotia zasuminensis is rarer, but is, however, recorded in at least 22 lakes in central Finland.
A light and electron microscopic study of Scherffelia dubia, a new member of the scaly green flagellates (Prasinophyceae)
Authors: Melkonian Michael , Preisig Hans Rudolf
Published: March 2008

In clonal culture Scherffelia dubia (Perty) Pascher shows a considerable range of morphological variation, with different cell shapes being produced including those typical for three other species of Scherffelia Pascher (S. opisthostigma Skuja, S. ovata Pascher, S. pelagica Skuja) and one species of Tetraselmis Stein (T. bichlora Ettl & Ettl). It is concluded these taxa should be reduced to the synonymy of S. dubia, the type species of Scherffelia. The general cell morphology of S. dubia is described in detail, including a serial section and absolute configuration analysis of the flagellar apparatus. S. dubia is compared with species of Tetraselmis of which ultrastructural details are known and it is shown that both genera are very similar but the generic distinction is nevertheless justified. Main features of distinction include the pyrenoid (present in Tetraselmis but lacking in Scherffelia) and the chloroplast (single and more or less cup‐shaped in Tetraselmis, two separate lateral chloroplasts in Scherffelia). Both genera are accommodated in the same family, the correct name being Chlorodendraceae and not Tetraselmidaceae or Platymonadaceae which have often been used.
Flavonoid systematics of Potamogeton subsections Perfoliati and Praelongi (Potamogetonaceae)
Authors: Roberts Marvin L. , Haynes Robert R.
Published: March 2008

The flavonoid pigments of Potamogeton praelongus Wulfen, P. perfoliatus L., and P. richardsonii (A. Benn.) Rydberg were isolated and identified. Five flavone glycosides based on three aglycone types and one C‐glycosylflavone were identified. Potamogeton perfoliatus and P. richardsonii are most similar in flavonoid composition. The greatest number of compounds are found in P. praelongus with the other two species having a subset of its profile. The flavonoid data suggest that P. richardsonii arose by means other than hybridization between P. perfoliatus and P. praelongus.
Revision of Taeniatherum (Poaceae)
Authors: Frederiksen Signe
Published: March 2008

Three species are often accepted in Taeniatherum Nevski. Analysis of morphological characters show that indistinct limits occur between them. All taxa are found to be diploid (2n=14), with the same karyotype, but artificial hybridization shows genetical barrier to exist. For these reasons subspecific level is chosen for the taxa, viz. T. caput‐medusae (L.) Nevski ssp. caput‐medusae, T. caput‐medusae ssp. crinitum (Schreb.) Melderis and T. caput‐medusae ssp. asperum (Simk.) Melderis. Map showing known distribution of the subspecies is presented.
The pollination of Cymbidiella flabellata (Orchidaceae) in Madagascar: A system operated by sphecid wasps
Authors: Nilsson L. Anders , Jonsson Lars , Rason Lydia , Randrianjohany Emile
Published: March 2008

Interactions between the terrestrial endemic Cymbidiella flabellata (Thou.) Rolfe (Orchidaceae) and flower‐visiting insects were observed in a marsh on the east coast of Madagascar. The plant acted by deceit. Two large sphecid wasp species, females of Sceliphron fuscum Klug and males of Sphex torridus Sm. (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae), made frequent visits to the showy, ca. 5 cm wide, nectarless and fragrant flowers. During a visit the wasps alighted on the large, hinged labellum which they depressed while forcing their heads towards the basal cavity below the column. When the wasps withdrew they pressed powerfully down on the labellum and brushed their heads backwards against the floral sexual organs removing the pollinarium with the frons or vertex – from which position pollination took place. The wasps on average visited only two flowers consecutively and about 55% of the flowers in the orchid population received visits. About six times more pollinaria were dispersed by pollen vectors than reached stigmas and a high proportion of the flowers were aborted due to lack of pollination. Data suggest that S. fuscum, a spider hunting and mud‐daubing species, is a principal pollinator. C. flabellata is interpreted as playing the role of a generalized food‐flower mimic which is specialized to moist habitats where females of S. fuscum collect mud for their nests.
Some lignicolous marine fungi from Thailand, including two new species
Authors: Koch J.
Published: March 2008

Sixteen marine fungi are reported from driftwood collected on the beach at Phuket in Thailand. Two new species, Arenariomyces parvulus J. Koch and Corollospora cinnamomea J. Koch are described.
Fine structure of Pyramimonas octopus sp. nov., an octoflagellated benthic species of Pyramimonas (Prasinophyceae), with some observations on its ecology
Authors: Moestrup Øjvind , Hori Terumitsu , Kristiansen Aase
Published: March 2008

A new octoflagellated species of Pyramimonas is described from three localities in Denmark. It is characterized by its ecology, being a marine psammophilic species associated with sand grains, and by details of the scaly covering on the cell surface. In the scale cover there are similarities to P. amylifera and to P. tetrarhynchus. P. octopus is distinguished by the possession of circular body scales of a type not previously found in the genus.

The general fine structure of the new species is described with emphasis on scale structure, the internal structure of the cell body and the flagella.
The genus Aciachne (Poaceae)
Authors: Lægaard Simon
Published: March 2008

A lectotype has been selected for Aciachne pulvinata. The name A. uniflora is rejected as nom. illeg. Two new species, A. acicularis and A. flagellifera are described and a key is provided. Leaf anatomy is described and discussed, several diagnostic‐characters have been found. Distribution maps and altitudinal ranges are discussed.
The genus Cremastra (Orchidaceae), a taxonomic revision
Authors: Lund Ingelise Drozd
Published: March 2008

The genus Cremastra is revised. A total of 8 taxa have earlier been proposed, but in the present revision 2 species are recognized: C. appendiculata and C. unguiculata. Hyacinthorchis variabilis is here considered a variety: C. appendiculata var. variabilis comb. et stat. nov.
‘Ltvo new species of Cheirostylis (Orchidaceae) from Arunachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Rao A. Nageswara
Published: March 2008

Two new species of Cheirostylis, C. sessanica and C. munnacampensis are described from Arunachal Pradesh, India.
A classification of the Monimiaceae ‐ an additional note
Authors: Philipson William R.
Published: March 2008

Philipson, W. R. 1988. A classification of the Monimiaceae ‐ an additional note. ‐Nord. J. Bot. 8: 24. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.

The names of one subfamily and three tribes are validated.
A revision of the tribe Forsskaoleae (Urticaceae)
Authors: Friis I. , Wilmot‐Dear C. M.
Published: March 2008

Friis, I. & Wilmot‐Dear, C.M. 1988. A revision of the tribeForsskaoleae(Urticaceae). ‐ Nord. J. Bot. 8: 25–59. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.

The tribe Forsskaoleae has been revised and the inflorescence and floral structure reinvestigated. The alternative interpretation of the flowers and inflorescences of Forsskaoleae proposed by Rivieres is rejected. A division of the tribe into two subtribes is tentatively maintained. The study of all genera is based on the total available material, with exception ofForsskaolea, of which only the types and some additional material have been studied, and an annotated survey of the six recognized species is presented. InDroguetiaseven species are recognized, distributed from tropical and South Africa to Madagascar, the Mascarenes, Java, and India. An infrageneric division of the genus is not tenable. The genusDidymodoxa, for the last hundred years united withAustralina, is reestablished with two species, both restricted to eastern and southern Africa. The genusAustralinais, within the new delimitation, disjunct between Australia, Tasmania and New Zealand on the one hand and Ethiopia and Kenya on the other. In view of the considerable differences between them, each of the two species is placed in a separate section, sect.Australinaand sect.Sarmentago. The lectotypification ofUrtica capensismade by Prain is shown to be in conflict with the protologue; a new lectotype is selected, with consequence for the nomenclature of a South African Acalypha species (Euphorbiaceae). All taxa are keyed out and described; distribution maps and illustrations are provided for most taxa.
The identification of some Mallomonas species of the M. doignonii group (Chrysophyceae)
Authors: Nicholls K. H.
Published: March 2008

Nicholls, K. H. 1988. The identification of some Mallomonas species of the M. doignonii group (Chrysophyceae). ‐ Nord. J. Bot. 8: 109–116. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.

The recent published literature on species of the Mallomonas doignonii group (Chrysophyceae) includes several errors in identification. Part of the reason for this probably relates to the apparent scarcity of M. doignonii itself (imperfectly known specimens from England, France and possibly, Texas). Mallomonas doignonii has been rediscovered in Ontario, Canada and an emended description is given. Features useful for identification of other similar species are also given and two new taxa (M. doignonii var. robusticostis and M. torquata var. torquata f.simplex) are described.
Ultrastructure and histochemistry of secretory ducts in Artemisia campestris ssp. maritima (Compositae)
Authors: Ascensäo Lia , Pais M. Salomé
Published: March 2008

The histochemical characterization of the oleoresin produced by secretory ducts of Artemkiu campestris ssp. maritima revealed the presence of terpenoids (essential oils, resiniferous acids and probably steroids), alkaloids and fatty acids, eventually polyacetylenes.

The ultrastructural study of A. campestris ducts enabled us to consider that the secretory activity begins very early during the duct development. The oleoresin deposited in the duct cavity is produced by epithelial and sub‐epithelial cells that contain, at the secretory phase, a great amount of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) surrounding plastids with few thylakoids. These organelles may play an important role in the oleoresin production, the SER probably being responsible for some steps in the biosynthesis of oleoresin components and for the transport of the secreted material towards the plasmalemma. Endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria probably have a role in the synthesis of steroids.

After secretion, the duct glandular cells degenerate progressively. The extrusion process of secretion may be considered mero‐holocrine.
On some crustose lichens with Wentepohlia from shaded overhangs in coastal Norway
Authors: Jørgensen P. M. , Tønsberg T.
Published: March 2008

Arthonia arthonioides (syn. nov. A. aspersa) is reported as new to Scandinavia. Certain forms of it are superficially very similar to Lecanactis latebrarum (=Crocynia hueana) which is typified and treated for the first time from Norway. Lecanactis abietina is reported to be a mainly coastal species in Norway ‐ contrary to previous records. Lecanactis umbrina is transferred to the genus Schismatomma due to the discovery of apothecia and pycnidia typical of that genus.
Mallomonas retrorsa, a new species of silica‐scaled Chrysophyceae with backwards orientated scales
Authors: Siver Peter A.
Published: March 2008

A new species, Mallomonas retrorsa, with a unique siliceous armour, is described from four slightly humic and acidic localities in Connecticut, U.S.A., each low in specific conductance. Cells of the new species have three types of siliceous scales each of which is asymmetric, domeless and arranged with their longitudinal axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cell. The scales are positioned such that the posterior rim of each scale faces the apical end of the cell. In addition, the new taxon has an apical whorl of very small, forward projecting paddle‐shaped bristles that emerge from the rimmed ends of the apical scales, and an elongated caudal region.
Chemical dichotomies in the Magnolialean complex
Authors: Gottlieb O. R. , Kaplan M. A. C. , Kubitzki K. , Barros J. R. Toledo
Published: March 2008

The most characteristic chemosystematic feature of the Magnolialean families (here delineated to include the Magnoliiflorae plus Piperales in the sense of Dahlgren, 1983) is the rich diversification of two groups of secondary metabolities, the neolignans and benzylisoquinolines. From a survey of their distribution it becomes apparent that several shifts have led to the predominance of one of these two groups or their mutual exclusion in these families. Biogenetic considerations and correlation with morphological advancement suggest the evolutionary primacy of neolignans over benzylisoquinolines, but it is assumed that the capacity to produce both groups of substances must be very old. Apparently the presumed loss of benzylisoquinolines in various small families such as the Himantandraceae and Calycanthaceae has triggered the evolution of novel classes of compounds in compensation. Chemical changes leading to dissimilarities between sister groups as described in this paper may camouflage natural relationships.
Remispora spinibarbata sp. nov., a marine lignicolous ascomycete from Denmark
Authors: Koch J.
Published: March 2008

Remispora spinibarbata sp. nov. is described from driftwood found on the north coast of Sealand and compared with the type species of Remispora, Ceriosporopsis and Nimbospora.
Silica‐scaled chrysophytes from China
Authors: Kristiansen Jergen
Published: March 2008

During a period of travel in the People's Republic of China in November 1986, chrysophyte samples were obtained from 10 different localities (eutrophic ponds) at Nanjing, Yangzhow and Wuhan. A sample from Harbin in Manchuria was later included. Electron microscopical examination of the samples showed the presence of 36 taxa of the genera Chrysosphaerella, Spiniferomonas, Paraphysomonas, Mallomo‐nas, and Synura, all of which are new to China. Most of the species are cosmopolitan in distribution, almost all have also been found in Japan.