bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Exploratory Study of the Influence That Analyzing Teaching Has on Preservice Teachers’ Classroom Practice
Authors: Sun Jennifer , van Es Elizabeth A.
Published: March 2015

We designed a video-based course to develop preservice teachers’ vision of ambitious instruction by decomposing instruction to learn to attend to student thinking and to examine how particular teaching moves influence student learning. In this study, we examine the influence that learning to systematically analyze ambitious pedagogy in the course has on preservice teachers’ classroom practice. Analysis of preservice teachers’ videos from the Performance Assessment for California Teachers Teaching Event reveals that they engaged in more student-centered practices compared with a cohort of candidates who did not participate in the course—creating opportunities to see student thinking, noticing student thinking during instruction, and pursuing student ideas to learn more about their thinking. We also found that their probing of student thinking focused primarily on correct answers and procedural fluency. These findings have implications for defining a pedagogy of teacher preparation to develop beginning teacher competency.
Rating Teachers Cheaper, Faster, and Better
Authors: Good Thomas L. , Lavigne Alyson L.
Published: March 2015

Gargani and Strong claim to have developed and validated an observation system that requires only 4 hr of training, but one that can identify effective teachers using just 20 min of one video-taped lesson. They further contend that their six-item inventory requires little judgment from those who use it. They describe their instrument, the Rapid Assessment of Teacher Effectiveness (RATE), as better, faster, and cheaper than other available instruments. Although we find some aspects of their work (e.g., their work describing instrument development) as well done, we find, more generally, that their claims are premature and inflated. Their work suffers from several problems including inattention to relevant historical work, no demonstrated ecological validity, no working theory, and lacks a clear conception of what RATE is. At this stage of development, we rate RATE as having limited, if any, capacity for improving teaching.
Expanding the Health Action and Process Approach to Predict Physical Activity in African Americans With HIV/AIDS
Authors: Johnson Eboneé T. , Lynch Ruth T. , Chan Fong , Bezyak Jill , Mahr Michele
Published: March 2015

The current study investigated an expanded Health Action and Process Approach (HAPA) as a health-promotion model of physical activity/exercise behavior for African Americans living with HIV/AIDS. Predictions of physical activity/exercise participation were investigated among 110 African Americans living with HIV/AIDS. Results indicate the expanded HAPA model accounts for 35% of the variance in physical activity/exercise participation. The most significant predictor variables were symptom severity, outcome expectancy, and action and coping planning. Action and coping planning also partially mediated the relationship between physical activity/exercise intention and behavior. Results of the study provide partial support for the use of this expanded HAPA model in the design and implementation of health-promotion behavioral interventions targeting physical activity/exercise for Africana Americans with HIV/AIDS.
Introduction: Governing for urban resilience
Authors: Beilin Ruth , Wilkinson Cathy
Published: March 2015

There is urgency afoot to acknowledge the disconnection between ecological realities and the persistence of past ways of constructing the social, as if it is in isolation from the ecological. The urban is the common ground: an endlessly burgeoning, frequently contested home to spaces, institutions and people. ‘Governing for urban resilience’ brings together research that considers the meaningfulness and possibilities inherent in conceptualising and implementing social-ecological resilience as a process for radical social change and offering a lens for connecting these urban narratives. The urban is then acknowledged as a site of heightened complexity, harbouring diverse social and ecological realities and imaginative potential. The Special Issue challenges past ways of ordering and limiting the city, while building on more recent interpretations of it as interwoven processes associated with enhancing connectivity – whether ecosystems or social networks. Four themes emerge from the articles: locating action; using scale to interrogate and facilitate change; acknowledging the asymmetry of power relations in order to focus on social justice as critical to change; and incorporating local knowledge and the catalytic force of memory to assist that change. The papers have applied the ideas of resilience and social-ecological resilience to their existing urban research, asking, in the main, whether this lens assists us to know more about what has occurred in the case studies. Overall, the outcomes suggest the strengths and weaknesses of policies and projects and in some cases the potentially transformative processes that encourage a social-ecological resilience framing for future research.
Local production of skeletal traction pins to improve access to skeletal traction
Authors: Kadhum Murtaza , Mannion Stephen
Published: March 2015

Femoral fractures represent a substantial orthopaedic injury. In the developed world, closed reduction and locked intramedullary nailing is recognized as the optimal treatment. In the less developed world, the use of skeletal traction remains limited by cost and availability of traction pins, which are obtained from orthopaedic companies in the UK or Indian subcontinent. This study aimed to establish whether traction pins may be manufactured locally in resource-limited countries from cut down stainless steel rods. The overall costs for traction pins were obtained from five UK, Indian subcontinent-based companies and metal fabrication shops in Africa. Strict design specifications were provided. The mean price for 100 Steinmann pins was$428 in the Indian subcontinent,$96 in Malawi,$105 in Kenya and$244 in Tanzania. Our results indicate that Steinmann pins may be manufactured locally in resource-limited countries at a significantly cheaper price, which may increase the access to skeletal traction.
Vulvar myiasis following suction and evacuation for incomplete abortion
Authors: Singh Anju , Goel Bharti , Rani Shikha
Published: March 2015

Myiasis is caused by fly larva capable of penetrating healthy or necrotic tissue, usually in tropical and subtropical countries. The involvement of an exposed area is common; however it may very rarely involve the genital region. We present a rare case of vulvar myiasis which occurred after suction and evacuation performed for incomplete abortion.
Curiosity: Care, Virtue and Pleasure in Uncovering the New
Authors: Phillips Richard
Published: March 2015

It is no longer controversial or suspicious to be curious. But, until recently, there has been little curiosity about curiosity itself. This has begun to change, with the publication of a series of books asking what curiosity is and why it matters. Though an eclectic and slippery subject, taking different forms in different times and places, curiosity has two common threads. The first is ‘care’, comprising commitment or interest (committed rather than ‘mere’ curiosity) and a quality of attention (carefulness). The second is concerned with ‘questions’, and this highlights the drivers and parameters of enquiry: the mixture of virtue, pleasure and passion that drives explorers (in all their forms) to uncover the new. Critical attention to curiosity – examining relations of care that drive curiosity, and drawing attention to the origin and form of questions – speaks to fundamental questions about knowledge: how we come to know the things we know.
Enriching the university experience through volunteering
Authors: Garius Laura , Grove Louise
Published: March 2015

This article details the first year of a collaborative effort between a campus-based university and its local Victim Support scheme. The key innovative component was that student volunteers were trained to provide support to peers who experienced crime. Not a formal evaluation, this article outlines how the work appeared beneficial to the university, its students and Victim Support. The first two benefited through improved on-campus service to victimized students and to those who were trained and worked as volunteers. Victim Support benefited from increased numbers of volunteers and consequently improved services. Some implementation difficulties are also described. This study provides a platform for further efforts and their more formal evaluation.
Vigorous physical activity rather than sedentary behaviour predicts overweight and obesity in pubertal boys: A 2-year follow-up study
Authors: Lätt Evelin , Mäestu Jarek , Ortega Francisco B , Rääsk Triin , Jürimäe Toivo , Jürimäe Jaak
Published: March 2015

Aim: Current physical activity (PA) recommendations indicate that children should get involved in 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), and should include vigorous-intensity PA at least three days a week. However, it is not known how many minutes of vigorous PA they should do. Using objective methods and a longitudinal design, this study aimed to examine how different PA intensities and sedentary behaviour relate with the risk of being overweight and obese during puberty over a two-year period. Methods: A sample of 136 10–12-year-old (at baseline) boys participated. PA was measured by seven-day accelerometry. Results: From MVPA thresholds, only 90 minutes per day of MVPA had important odds ratios (OR) for being overweight at baseline (OR=8.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–64.04). A significant cut-off point for being overweight was indicated by 59 minutes per day of MVPA with at least 14 minutes per day of vigorous PA, and 55 minutes per day MVPA with at least 10 minutes per day of vigorous PA for those who were obese. Sedentary behaviour did not have any significant ORs for being overweight or obese. Subjects who did not meet the thresholds of 5 and 20 minutes per day of vigorous PA at baseline had an increased risk of being overweight (OR=4.05, 95% CI 1.41–11.59, and OR=4.14, 95% CI 1.35–12.73, respectively) and obese (OR=6.54, 95% CI 1.97–21.69, and OR=8.75, 95% CI 1.12–68.51, respectively) two years later. Conclusions: The results indicate that vigorous PA in particular predicts overweight and obesity in boys. They should aim to do at least 60 minutes per day of MVPA. These results contribute to the recommendations suggesting that a minimum of 15 minutes per day of vigorous PA is desired to reduce the risk of developing overweight/obesity in later puberty.
Restorative justice-based practices in settings with children and young people
Authors: Gillard Duncan E
Published: March 2015

The Youth Justice Board and the Department for Education (DfE) share the common goal of reducing harmful behaviour in children and young people. In both sectors, evidence for the effectiveness of restorative justice (RJ) practices is mounting, yet there is little clarity regarding the psychological mechanisms through which RJ works. The voice of young people is documented in the literature through surveys and closed-question response formats. However, an in-depth characterisation of young people’s experiences is largely lacking. In this article, six young people are interviewed about their experiences of RJ. Transcripts are thematically analysed in an inductive manner. Analysis is interpreted in terms of the Empowerment Model of RJ, Responsive Regulation and Cognitive Dissonance Theory. It is suggested that RJ practices are effective because: (a) they empower stakeholders, (b) responses processes are contextually sensitive and (c) they provide frameworks for effectively managing the cognitive dissonance experienced by participants.
The changes in prostate cancer and its management in the North West of England over a 10-year period
Authors: Turo R , Bromage S , Smolski M , Thygesen H , Cleaveland P , Esler R , Hartley S , Thompson A , Adeyoju A , Brown SCW , Brough R , Oakley N , Sinclair A , Collins GN
Published: March 2015

Objectives:

Our aim was to evaluate changes in prostate cancer diagnosis and management and to examine changes in the stage and grade of newly diagnosed prostate cancer in the North West of England over a 10-year period.

Materials and methods:

Data was collected concerning the diagnosis (including stage and grade) and management of newly diagnosed prostate cancer in the North West of England. There were three time points: 2003, 2007 and 2011 including a total of 648 patients. For assessment of median time changes Spearman’s Rank correlation test was used, for the assessment of changes in Gleason grade and clinical stage Mann–Whitney U test was used, and assessment of positive margin rates was done with Fisher’s test.

Results:

Median time from management decision to surgery has reduced from 46 (2003), 34 (2007) to 27 days (2011) ( p=0.074). The proportion of patients managed with active surveillance has remained relatively constant over time (18%, 16% and 21% respectively). More minimally invasive, nerve-sparing prostatectomies are now performed, and positive margin rates have significantly reduced from 53% (2003) to 23% (2011) ( p<0.001). Gleason grade significantly increased over time ( p<0.001); Gleason 7 disease was diagnosed in 23% of patients in 2003, 32% in 2007 and 49% in 2011 ( p<0.001). There was an increase in Gleason 8 disease; 6% (2003) to 8.6% (2011), but this was not significant ( p=0.27). Increase in clinical stage was also noted over time; identification of T3 disease rose from 2% (2003 and 2007) to 5% (2011) ( p=0.045) (excluding cases with non-recorded stage).

Conclusion:

Prostate cancer management in the North West of England has evolved over the last decade, with overall improvements in management quality. We have demonstrated an increase in the presenting stage and grade of prostate cancer over a 10-year period.
MEIS1 regulates an HLF–oxidative stress axis in MLL-fusion gene leukemia
Authors: Roychoudhury Jayeeta , Clark Jason P. , Gracia-Maldonado Gabriel , Unnisa Zeenath , Wunderlich Mark , Link Kevin A. , Dasgupta Nupur , Aronow Bruce , Huang Gang , Mulloy James C. , Kumar Ashish R.
Published: March 2015

Key Points

Meis1 is required for the maintenance of MLL-fusion gene leukemia; HLF is a key downstream mediator of Meis1. Meis1 and HLF restrict oxidative stress; induction of oxidative phosphorylation may be therapeutic in leukemia.
Role of naive-derived T memory stem cells in T-cell reconstitution following allogeneic transplantation
Authors: Roberto Alessandra , Castagna Luca , Zanon Veronica , Bramanti Stefania , Crocchiolo Roberto , McLaren James E. , Gandolfi Sara , Tentorio Paolo , Sarina Barbara , Timofeeva Inna , Santoro Armando , Carlo-Stella Carmelo , Bruno Benedetto , Carniti Cristiana , Corradini Paolo , Gostick Emma , Ladell Kristin , Price David A. , Roederer Mario , Mavilio Domenico , Lugli Enrico
Published: March 2015

Key Points

TSCM are abundant early after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and derive from naive T cells that survived pt-Cy. Pt-Cy allows the generation of donor primary and recall responses in transplanted patients, even in the presence of persistent antigen.
A negative-feedback function of PKCβ in the formation and accumulation of signaling-active B cell receptor microclusters within B cell immunological synapse
Authors: Liu Ce , Zhao XingWang , Xu LiLing , Yi JunYang , Shaheen Samina , Han Weidong , Wang Fei , Zheng Wenjie , Xu Chenqi , Liu Wanli
Published: March 2015

Advanced live cell imaging studies suggested that B cell activation is initiated by the formation of BCR microclusters and subsequent B cell IS upon BCR and antigen recognition. PKC family member PKCβ is highly expressed in B cells and plays an important role in the initiation of B cell activation. Here, we reported an inhibitory function of PKCβ through a negative-feedback manner in B cell activation. Compared with WT (PKCβ-WT) or the constitutively active (PKCβ-ΔNPS) form of PKCβ, DN PKCβ (PKCβ-DN) unexpectedly enhanced the accumulation of BCR microclusters into the B cell IS, leading to the recruitment of an excessive amount of pSyk, pPLC-γ2, and pBLNK signaling molecules into the membrane-proximal BCR signalosome. Enhanced calcium mobilization responses in the decay phase were also observed in B cells expressing PKCβ-DN. Mechanistic studies showed that this negative-feedback function of PKCβ works through the induction of an inhibitory form of pBtk at S180 (pBtk-S180). Indeed, the capability of inducing the formation of an inhibitory pBtk-S180 is in the order of PKCβ-ΔNPS > PKCβ-WT > PKCβ-DN. Thus, these results improve our comprehensive understanding on the positive and negative function of PKCβ in the fine tune of B cell activation.
Psychiatric assessment and treatment of survivors of torture
Authors: Duffy Richard M. , Kelly Brendan D.
Published: March 2015

Torture remains an ongoing global problem. Many individuals who have migrated from areas of conflict and political instability have suffered some form of torture. Survivors of torture can present significant challenges to general practitioners, voluntary bodies and mental health services. This article describes the many physical, psychological and social effects of torture. An understanding of these will hopefully aid comprehensive assessment of survivors of torture by local mental health teams. Also described are the current treatment options and their evidence base.
Response to clozapine in a clinically identifiable subtype of
schizophrenia
Authors: Butcher Nancy J. , Fung Wai Lun Alan , Fitzpatrick Laura , Guna Alina , Andrade Danielle M. , Lang Anthony E. , Chow Eva W. C. , Bassett Anne S.
Published: March 2015

Background

Genetic testing in psychiatry promises to improve patient care through
advances in personalised medicine. However, there are few clinically
relevant examples.

Aims

To determine whether patients with a well-established genetic subtype of
schizophrenia show a different response profile to the antipsychotic
clozapine than those with idiopathic schizophrenia.

Method

We retrospectively studied the long-term safety and efficacy of clozapine
in 40 adults with schizophrenia, half with a 22q11.2 deletion (22q11.2DS
group) and half matched for age and clinical severity but molecularly
confirmed to have no pathogenic copy number variant (idiopathic
group).

Results

Both groups showed similar clinical improvement and significant
reductions in hospitalisations, achieved at a lower median dose for those
in the 22q11.2DS group. Most common side-effects were similarly prevalent
between the two groups, however, half of the 22q11.2DS group experienced
at least one rare serious adverse event compared with none of the
idiopathic group. Many were successfully retried on clozapine.

Conclusions

Individuals with 22q11.2DS-schizophrenia respond as well to clozapine
treatment as those with other forms of schizophrenia, but may represent a
disproportionate number of those with serious adverse events, primarily
seizures. Lower doses and prophylactic (for example anticonvulsant)
management strategies can help ameliorate side-effect risks. This first
systematic evaluation of antipsychotic response in a genetic subtype of
schizophrenia provides a proof-of-principle for personalised medicine and
supports the utility of clinical genetic testing in schizophrenia.
Recovery of the Incretin Effect in Type 2 Diabetic Patients After Biliopancreatic Diversion
Authors: Novaes Fernanda S. , Vasques Ana C. J. , Pareja José C. , Knop Filip K. , Tura Andrea , Chaim Élinton A. , Geloneze Bruno
Published: March 2015

Context:

Bariatric surgery often results in remission of the diabetic state in obese patients. Increased incretin effect seems to play an important role in the glycemic improvements after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, but the impact of biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) remains unexplored.

Objective:

The objective was to elucidate the effect of BPD on the incretin effect and its interplay with beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity (IS) in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Design, Setting and Patients:

Twenty-three women were studied: a control group of 13 lean, normal glucose-tolerant women (lean NGT) studied once and 10 obese patients with T2DM studied before, 1 and 12 months after BPD.

Intervention:

The ObeseT2DM group underwent BPD.

Main Outcome Measures:

The main outcome measure was the change in incretin effect as measured by the isoglycemic intravenous glucose infusion test. Secondary outcomes encompassed IS and beta-cell function.

Results:

At baseline, the incretin effect was lower in obese T2DM compared to lean NGT (P < .05). One month after BPD, the incretin effect was not changed, but at 12 months it reached the level of the lean NGT group (P > .05). IS improved (P < .05) 1 month after BPD and at 12 months it resembled the levels of the lean NGT group. Insulin secretory rate and beta-cell glucose sensitivity increased after BPD and achieved levels similar to lean NGT group 1 month after BPD and even higher levels at 12 months (P < .05).

Conclusions:

BPD has no acute impact on the reduced incretin effect, but 12 months after surgery the incretin effect normalizes alongside normalization of glucose control, IS and beta-cell function.
Structural Conversion of a Triphenylphosphine Gold Cluster by Octahedral Metal Complexes with 2-Aminoethanethiolate
Authors: Hashimoto Akari , Yoshinari Nobuto , Konno Takumi
Published: March 2015

The reaction of [Au9(PPh3)8]3+ with fac-[Ir(aet)3] (aet: 2-aminoethanethiolate) led to the structural conversion to [Au8(PPh3)8]2+ with the concomitant formation of [Au3{Ir(aet)3}2]3+. A similar structural conversion was also observed when [Au9(PPh3)8]3+ was reacted with fac-[Rh(aet)3] or fac-[Co(aet)3]. This result demonstrates for the first time that thiolato metal complexes possess an ability to abstract gold atoms, rather than to replace phosphine ligands in a gold cluster.
On the Seismic Performance of Hat Knee Bracing System in Low-Rise Multistory Steel Structures
Authors: Foulad R. , Mofid M. , Zarrin M.
Published: March 2015

In this paper, the behavior and performance of a new type of bracing system called Hat Knee Bracing (HKB) is investigated in low-rise multistory steel structures. This novel form of resistant system, which provides reasonable stiffness in moderate earthquakes, consists of a V shaped knee member connected to mid span of the beam and the brace members. In this research work, the “FEMA P695 evaluation method” is utilized in order to explore the nonlinear behavior of the HKB frame, and quantification of three seismic performance factors: Response Modification Factor, Over-strength Factor, and Deflection Amplification Factor. The seismic response simulation of archetype frames is performed using the OpenSees software. The results of analyses reveal that the performance of the HKB is suitable under a rare earthquake and under moderate intense earthquakes the damages are mostly concentrated in knee members instead of the principal members such as beams and columns.
Monitoring of Local Plasticity Using Lamb Waves
Authors: Liu Yaolu , Li Yuan , Liu Feng , Morii Masaki , Hu Ning , Ning Huiming , Wu Liangke
Published: March 2015

An experimental method was developed to monitor local plasticity in metallic materials using Lamb waves. A double-edge-notched beam specimen under tensile loading was employed to induce the local plasticity in notch area. By exciting Lamb waves using actuators in two different ways, the obtained wave signals at different stress levels of the specimen were analyzed through wavelet analysis by proposing a signal index I. By virtue of the finite element analysis on the tensile behavior of the specimen, it was found that I almost kept constant under elastic deformation and rapidly increased when the local plastic deformation occurred and extended, and then stopped growing when the plastic zone was up to a certain size. Therefore, the change of I, which is attributed to the occurrence and evolution of small and local plastic zone in the notch area, can be used to effectively monitor local plasticity.
Experimental Investigation on the Local Buckling Behavior of 960 MPa High Strength Steel Welded Section Stub Columns
Authors: Shi Gang , Zhou Wenjing , Lin Cuocuo
Published: March 2015

Although high strength steel has been applied in many buildings and bridges, the application and researches of 960 MPa high strength steel are still quite limited. In order to investigate the local buckling behavior of 960 MPa high strength steel welded section stub columns under axial compression, an experimental program including 8 box and I-section members was conducted. Based on the test results, the local buckling strength and ultimate strength of each specimen were investigated. A finite element model validated through the test results was used to perform a parametric analysis, including 13 box section stub members and 33 I-section stub members with different width-to-thickness ratios. Compared with the corresponding design methods in GB 50017–2003, ANSI/AISC 360–10 and Eurocode 3, it was confirmed that the design methods about the local buckling behavior of 960 MPa high strength steel welded section stub columns under axial compression need to be modified.
Gaining a Competitive Edge When Recruiting Student-Athletes: The Role of Political Skill
Authors: Magnusen Marshall J. , Kim Yukyoum , Perrewé Pamela L.
Published: March 2015

Research efforts to better understand the extent to which recruiter (i.e., coach) characteristics influence student-athlete college decisions are sorely lacking in the sport and higher education literatures. In an effort to better understand the relationship between recruiter characteristics and recruiting outcomes, the present study investigated the role of recruiter personality (i.e., positive affectivity) and social effectiveness (i.e., political skill) on both subjective and objective recruiting outcomes. Recruiter positive affectivity had a significant positive association with recruiter political skill ( γ = .29, p < .01), and political skill had a positive association with the overall quality of recruiting class signed ( γ = .48, p < .01), recruiters' satisfaction with their recruiting class ( γ = .51, p < .01), and recruiters' perceptions of recruitment effectiveness during the most recent NCAA recruiting cycle ( γ = .55, p < .01). Implications for these findings, limitations and suggestions for future research are also discussed.
The Coaching Behavior Scale for Sport: Factor Structure Examination for Singaporean Youth Athletes
Authors: Koh Koon Teck , Kawabata Masato , Mallett Clifford J.
Published: March 2015

The Coaching Behavior Scale for Sport (CBS-S) is designed to evaluate coaches' involvement in developing athletes, taking into considerations the complex training and competition environment. Although the CBS-S has been used in a number of empirical studies, the factor structure of the instrument has not been examined rigorously. The present study was, therefore, conducted to assess the factor structure of the CBS-S for Singaporean youth athletes. A total of 519 participants completed the CBS-S, and their responses were examined with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and recent exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM). Both seven-factor CFA and ESEM models fit to the sample data adequately. In addition, the sizes of factor loadings on target factors were substantial and found comparable between the CFA and ESEM solutions. The findings from this study supported the factorial validity of the CBS-S for the present sample.
Tactical Analysis of the Winners' and Non-Winners' Performances in a Taekwondo University Championship
Authors: Falco C. , Estevan I. , Alvarez O. , Morales-Sánchez V. , Hernández-Mendo A.
Published: March 2015

The purpose of this study was to identify tactical characteristics of successful athletes who competed in a National University Championship. Results from the study allow taekwondo coaches and competitors to orient their training towards evidence-based practice to achieve success in competitions. Overall, taekwondo athletes performed more attacks than counterattacks. However, winners performed more counterattacks than non-winners. Moreover, winners performed more anticipatory counterattacks (ANC) and less indirect attacks (INA) than non-winners. Lastly, the order of the performance of the actions for non-winners was by decreasing frequency direct attack (DIA), INA, posterior counterattack (POC), simultaneous counterattack (SIC) and ANC, while for winners the order for most to least frequent action was DIA, INA and POC, followed by SIC and ANC. In conclusion, taekwondo athletes need to focus their trainings on both attacks and counterattacks, with its order of importance being: 1) DIA; 2) INA and POC; and 3) ANC and SIC; to increase the level of their tactical behaviour.
What about Us? We Have Careers Too! The Career Experiences of Australian Sport Scientists
Authors: York Rebecca , Gastin Paul , Dawson Andrew
Published: March 2015

The professionalisation of sport has provided career opportunities for athletes, coaches and sport scientists alike. The career development literature for athletes is well established and the empirical career literature for coaches is growing, but little is known about the careers of sport scientists. The purpose of this investigation was to explore and examine the career experiences of Australian sport scientists. In-depth interviews were conducted with six practicing Australian sport scientists at different career stages. Several themes emerged from the data on careers of sport scientists that are unique to sport. Sport scientists identify strongly with their role in sport success and yet they receive little recognition for what they do. All participants experienced career dissonance as they transitioned from practitioner to another career such as academia or sport management. Feelings of loss were identified by participants as their applied work diminished when they moved away from their early career service roles. All six participants believed that in order to advance their career in sport their options were moving overseas, working in academia, or retraining for a career in sports management. It is recommended that sport scientists be provided with better career education and more structured professional development.
Fast Converging Implementation of a Region-Based Active Contour Model
Authors: Xu Haiping , Zheng Hanxiang , Wang Meiqing
Published: March 2015

PDE-based image segmentation based on the active contour model attracts many researchers due to its high precision of edge detection and the continuity of boundaries. Its basic idea is to define an energy functional on a dynamic curve which achieves its minimum when the curve conforms to the boundary of the objects. Thus, the image segmentation problem is in essence an optimization problem. The most widely used optimization method is the gradient descent method in PDE-based image segmentation. However, the convergence of the gradient descent method is very poor. In this paper, a quasi-Newton method is extended to the generalized quasi-Newton method, and then the generalized Newton method and the generalized quasi-Newton method are used to solve a simple region-based model and compared with the gradient decent method. Experimental results show that the generalized quasi-Newton method has accurate segmentation results in the least possible number of iteration. Moreover it is able to segment noisy images correctly.
Hybrid Metaheuristics for Multi-Objective Optimization
Authors: Talbi E-G.
Published: March 2015

Over the last two decades, interest on hybrid metaheuristics has risen considerably in the field of multi-objective optimization (MOP). The best results found for many real-life or academic multi-objective optimization problems are obtained by hybrid algorithms. Combinations of algorithms such as metaheuristics, mathematical programming and machine learning techniques have provided very powerful search algorithms. Three different types of combinations are considered in this paper to solve multi-objective optimization problems:

Combining metaheuristics with (complementary) metaheuristics. Combining metaheuristics with exact methods from mathematical programming approaches. Combining metaheuristics with machine learning and data mining techniques.
OM Forum—The Service and Information Economy: Research Opportunities
Authors: Karmarkar Uday
Published: March 2015

The U.S. economy is already dominated by service and information-intensive industries in terms of both gross national product and jobs, and these trends are visible in all major world economies. These economic shifts are driven by productivity changes, which today often depend on new information and communication technologies. These changes can be thought of as service industrialization, which underlies productivity improvements. Industrialization is, in turn, closely related to the design and operation of service processes at the level of firms and sectors. Some of the implications for process economics, operations strategy, and process management are outlined, and the opportunities for research in operations and technology management related to these trends are discussed.
A Framework for Research and Intervention Design in Supported Decision-Making
Authors: Shogren Karrie A. , Wehmeyer Michael L.
Published: March 2015

Supported decision-making has emerged as an alternative to traditional models of guardianship as a means to support people with intellectual disability to be maximally included in the totality of their lives. Based on social-ecological models of disability that emphasize personal strengths and abilities and supports that enable people to fully participate in normative environments and contexts, supported decision-making has promise to enhance self-determination and quality of life. Research on factors related to decision making, on supports to enable people to fully engage in the decision-making process, and on efforts to design interventions that promote knowledge and skills pertaining to decision making are among the needed next steps to begin to realize the goal that people with intellectual disability are supported to make decisions. This article proposes a three-pronged framework for considering the design of assessments and interventions to promote supported decision-making; decision-making abilities, environmental demands for decision making, and support needs for decision making.
Feeling Love and Doing More for Distant Others: Specific Positive Emotions Differentially Affect Prosocial Consumption
Authors: Cavanaugh Lisa A. , Bettman James R. , Luce Mary Frances
Published: March 2015

Marketers often employ a variety of positive emotions to encourage consumption or promote a particular behavior (e.g., buying, donating, recycling) to benefit an organization or cause. The authors show that specific positive emotions do not universally increase prosocial behavior but, rather, encourage different types of prosocial behavior. Four studies show that whereas positive emotions (i.e., love, hope, pride, and compassion) all induce prosocial behavior toward close entities (relative to a neutral emotional state), only love induces prosocial behavior toward distant others and international organizations. Love's effect is driven by a distinct form of broadening, characterized by extending feelings of social connection and the boundary of caring to be more inclusive of others regardless of relatedness. Love—as a trait and a momentary emotion—is unique among positive emotions in fostering connectedness that other positive emotions (hope and pride) do not and broadening behavior in a way that other connected emotions (compassion) do not. This research contributes to the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotion by demonstrating a distinct type of broadening for love and adds an important qualification to the general finding that positive emotions uniformly encourage prosocial behavior.
Where, When, and how Long: Factors that Influence the Redemption of Mobile Phone Coupons
Authors: Danaher Peter J. , Smith Michael S. , Ranasinghe Kulan , Danaher Tracey S.
Published: March 2015

The use of coupons delivered by mobile phone, so-called “m-coupons,” is growing rapidly. In this study, the authors analyze consumer response to m-coupons for a two-year trial at a large shopping mall. Approximately 8,500 people were recruited to a panel and received three text-message m-coupons whenever they “swiped” their mobile phone at the mall entrances, with downstream redemption recorded. Almost 144,000 m-coupons were delivered during the trial, representing 38 stores that supplied 134 different coupons. The authors find that an important feature of m-coupons is where and when they are delivered, with location and time of delivery significantly influencing redemption. How long the m-coupons are valid (expiry length) is also important because redemption times for m-coupons are much shorter than for traditional coupons. This finding suggests that their expiration length should be shortened to help signal time urgency. Nevertheless, traditional coupon features, such as face value, still dominate m-coupon effectiveness, as does the product type, with snack food coupons being particularly effective.
Regulation of Coastal Zones and Natural Disasters: Mitigating the Impact of Tsunamis in Chile Through Urban and Regional Planning
Authors: Herrmann Geraldine
Published: March 2015

This paper analyzes the role of urban and regional planning in mitigating the impact of tsunamis in Chile, particularly in response to the tsunami of February 27, 2010. It examines the draft norms and policies to reduce the impact of tsunamis at the national level, as well as tsunami mitigation measures proposed in recent reconstruction plans by local councils. This paper shows that local regulations that mitigate the impact of tsunamis are being designed and developed in a weak national regulatory framework and are “improvised” at the local level. Therefore, a clear regulatory framework and set of urban polices is required in Chile at the national and local level to reduce vulnerability to tsunamis. The paper concludes with policy recommendations to mitigate the impact of tsunamis in Chile through urban and regional planning at the national and local level.
Vergleich Von Simulationssprachen / Comparison Of Simulation Languages
Authors: Musielak H. , Stössel M.
Published: March 2015

Es werden Simulationssprachen in Bezug auf ihre Leistungsfähigkeit verglichen. Hierzu werden drei Modelle entwickelt, die in den folgenden drei Simulationssprachen dargestellt werden: GPSS-FOR TR Α Ν, GPSS V und GASP IV. Die Modelle wurden so gewählt, daß sie Probleme aus den folgenden Gebieten behandeln: Warteschlangensvsteme, Speicherzuteilung und Lagerhaltung und Koordination von Aufträgen.

Das Hauptziel ist es, für die drei Simulationssprachen anzugeben, wie leicht bzw. wie schnell ein Modell erstellt werden kann. Weiterhin werden Angaben über Rechenzeitanforderung, Speicherbedarf und Benutzerfreundlichkeit für die drei Simulationssprachen gemacht.
Eine Implementierung des Blockstrukturkonzepts in einem interaktiven Programmiersystem/ An implementation of the block structure concept within an interactive programming system
Authors: König D. , Rink A.
Published: March 2015

Interaktive Programmiersysteme sind dadurch gekennzeichnet. daß sie die Programmierung im Dialog erlauben, d.h. daß Programmeingabe. Programmausfiihrung und Programmänderung satzweise erfolgen können. Im Zusammenhang mit Programmiersprachen mit Blockstruktur bedingt dies neue Realisierungstechniken bezüglich der Zuordnung von Speicherzellen zu Variablen. Absicht dieses Beitrages ist es, die in einem interaktiven Programmiersystem gewählte Realisierung im Vergleich mit einer üblicherweise in stapel-übersetzenden Programmiersystemen verwendeten Realisierung (Display-Methode) zu diskutieren.
Ein Übersicht über Hilfsmittel zur Beschreibung der Struktur und Funktion von Rechensystemen/ A survey of techniques for the description of structure and functional properties of computer systems
Authors: Stoffel C. , Winkler J. F. Η.
Published: March 2015

Bei der Entwicklung apparaturnaher Programme ist eine genaue Kenntnis der Apparatur und ihrer Eigenschaften eine notwendige Voraussetzung. Für die Realisierung rechensystemunabhängiger, d.h. an verschiedene Rechensysteme weitgehend automatisch anpaßbarer Programme ist eine algorithmisch manipulierbare Beschreibung der Eigenschaften von Rechensystemen erforderlich. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden eine Reihe von Ansätzen zur Beschreibung von Struktur und Funktion von Rechensystemen beschrieben und kommentiert. Die Untersuchung zeigt, daß es derzeit noch keine befriedigende Beschreibungsmethode für solche Rechensystemeigenschaften gibt.
My Fair Lady Automaton
Authors: Picker John M.
Published: March 2015

The connection between mechanical voice reproduction and artificial femininity, popularized most recently by Apple’s debut of Siri for the iPhone in 2011, dates nearly to the very moment of the introduction of the phonograph in 1877. This connection was reinforced in the literature of the period, where it served to preserve or question traditional Victorian gender roles amid social and economic changes that were already upending them. In this essay, I build upon arguments in my book Victorian Soundscapes to sketch a trajectory of imaginative representation of the “female talking machine” across what historian of technology Vaclav Smil has identified as “the Age of Synergy” – that is, from Edison’s 1880s talking doll to E. E. Kellett’s turn of the century short story “The Lady Automaton” and on through George Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion. After mapping out the figure of the female voice engine along this arc, from speaking automaton to autonomous vocalist, I conclude by suggesting how the demands of post-war capitalist mass entertainment sought to undermine if not reverse it.
Advanced Characterization of Sheet Metal Deformation and Forming Using Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Williams B. W. , Boyle K. P. , Blaga L. , McKinley J.
Published: March 2015

Advanced testing methods are required in order to accurately characterize the deformation and failure behaviour of anisotropic sheet metals. Full-field strain mapping techniques using digital image correlation (DIC) offer improved spatial and temporal measurement of material deformation, which allows yield and forming limit criteria to be assessed with greater fidelity. In the current work, full-field strain mapping was applied to characterize the biaxial flow response of anisotropic sheet metal. Full-field strain measurements, combined with analytical methods, allowed for the flow response to be measured for pure biaxial stress paths. It was found that the DIC strain data could be used to accurately predict the biaxial hardening response of sheet materials to high levels of effective strain, much higher than the uniform strain obtained from a tensile test. To adequately describe the hardening response of the material at these high levels of strain it was necessary to account for the anisotropy of the sheet. Full-field strain mapping techniques were also used to study forming response of anisotropic sheet metal. Advantages of DIC included the capability to determine the forming response at strain-rates approaching those in stamping operations and the ability to vary the gauge length in the strain measurement for analysis after the test was performed.
Russia and the CIS in 2014
Authors: Kuchins Andrew C.
Published: March 2015

After a fine start to 2014 for Russia with the Sochi Olympics, things quickly went rather bad. A collapsing oil price and Western sanctions after the annexation of Crimea crippled the ruble; a crisis in December left the currency’s value almost halved. Amid growing anxiety about Moscow's intentions among its Central Asian neighbors, Russia is facing possibly its deepest economic crisis since 1998. Relations with Europe and the U.S. are worse than at any time since the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Pakistan in 2014
Authors: Shah Aqil , Asif Bushra
Published: March 2015

A year after assuming power, Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif’s government faced a political crisis fomented by the pro-military opposition leader Imran Khan, who mobilized his supporters to protest alleged electoral rigging in the 2013 poll. Khan had to call off the protests after the Pakistani Taliban’s grisly terrorist attack on an army-run school in retaliation for the army’s offensive against them in North Waziristan.
Autoimmune Liver Diseases and Antiphospholipid Antibodies Positivity: a Meta-analysis of Literature Studies
Authors: Ambrosino Pasquale , Lupoli Roberta , Spadarella Gaia , Tarantino Paolo , Di Minno Alessandro , Tarantino Luciano , Di Minno Matteo Nicola Dario
Published: March 2015

Background & Aims: Several studies reported an association between autoimmune liver diseases (AiLD) and antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) positivity. We performed a meta-analysis of studies evaluating the association of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) with aPL positivity and with aPL-related thrombotic events.Methods: Studies evaluating the association of AiLD with aPL (anticardiolipin [aCL], anti-β2 glycoprotein-I [anti-β2GPI], lupus anticoagulant [LA] antibodies) and with aPL-related thrombotic complications were systematically searched in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and EMBASE databases.Results: A total of 10 studies (750 patients with AiLD and 1,244 healthy controls) were included in the analysis on the prevalence of aPL and showed that AiLD are significantly associated with the presence of aCL and anti-β2GPI. The association with aCL positivity was consistently confirmed in PBC (OR: 13.93, 95%CI: 4.69-41.38), AIH (OR: 23.50, 95%CI: 4.28-129.13), and PSC (OR: 18.21, 95%CI: 7.05-47.08). Similarly, anti-β2GPI were found more frequently in PBC (OR: 25.10, 95%CI: 4.77-132.11), AIH (OR: 48.57, 95%CI: 11.07-213.09), and PSC (OR: 36.30, 95%CI: 6.55-201.31). These findings are confirmed when separately analyzing IgM, IgG, and IgA directed against phospholipids. Two of the 10 included articles and 1 further study (67 cases and 75 controls) showed a trend - not achieving statistical significance - towards a higher prevalence of thrombotic complications in AIH patients with aPL as compared to those with only AIH (OR: 1.67, 95%CI: 0.46-6.05).Conclusion: PBC, AIH, and PSC are significantly associated with aPL positivity. The association with aPL-related thrombotic complications should be further studied.