bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temporomandibular joint disorders among a group of patients attending the Oral Diagnosis Clinic of the School of Dentistry at University of Sulaimani, Iraq
Authors: Hussein Shokhan , Noori Arass , Amen Faiq
Published: August 2017

Objectives: The objectives of the present study was to find the number of subjects and distribution, etiology and some associated factors of TMJ problems of patients attending the Oral Diagnosis Clinic at the School of Dentistry/ University of Sulaimani.

Materials and Methods: A retrospective study consists of available case-sheet records for patients attended the clinic of Oral Diagnosis of the School of Dentistry at the University of Sulaimani within one academic year (2013-2014) and consisted of 1325 patients aged from 10-79 years; 650 males (49.05%) and 675 females (50.94%).

Results: Out of 53 (0.04%) patients who complained of TMJ problems, 30 patients were males (56.6%) and 23 patients were females (43.4%). The highest numbers of patients seen were from the younger age groups (20-30 years; n= 37, 69.8%). The pain was the most prevalent reported symptom followed by clicking in the joints and more than half of patients reported emotional stress as a causative factor. About one-third of the patients reported that their TMJ problems have affected their functional activities, and also only one-third of the patients reported ear symptoms.

Conclusions: TMD patients require a special kind of attention due the multifactorial nature of the condition and the wide range of clinical manifestations that may be associated with the condition. Furthermore, the impact of the condition on the general health and the quality of life are clearly evident and should not be overlooked by any clinician who encounters such patients.
Prevalence, Extension and Severity of the Gingival Recession in an Adult Population Sample of Sulaimani city– Iraq
Authors: Hamed Aram , Zardawi Faredoon , Karim Shokhan
Published: August 2017

Objectives: to determine the prevalence, severity and extension of gingival recession in an adult population in Sulaimani city – Iraq.

Materials and Methods: 627 subjects, males and females were examined at Shorsh teaching hospital - dental center in Sulaimani city to determine the prevalence, severity and extension of gingival recession. The sample was divided into four age groups, group 1 (20 to 29 years) 232 patients, group 2 (30 to 39 years) 223 patients, group 3 (40 to 49 years) 128 patients and group 4 (above 50 years) 44 patients. A calibrated periodontal probe marked up to 15 mm was employed for measuring the amount of gingival recession from cementoenamel junction to the gingival margin on four surfaces of each tooth - mesial, buccal, distal and lingual. Miller’s classification was used to evaluate the severity of the recession.

Results: In this study a total of 249 subjects out of 627 recorded gingival recession. Whereas, 1453 teeth out of 6776 adding up to 2340 sites displayed (≥1 mm) gingival recession. Furthermore, the majority of older age group (≥ 50 years) sample revealed gingival recession (93.2%). Statistically gingival recession among male subjects were non-significantly higher than female subjects 46% against 34.5% respectively, whereas females recorded higher number of teeth and sites affected by gingival recession than males (823 teeth against 630 teeth and 1277 sites against 1063 sites). According to Miller’s classification, class one recession was most prevalent (55%) followed by class III (38.2%). According to age, Class I recessions decreased as age increased, however, Class III and Class IV recessions showed an increasing status as age increased. According to tooth type, mandibular central and lateral incisors showed the highest percentages of gingival recession (23.6% and 19.4%) respectively.

Conclusion: Prevalence of the gingival recession was high among the population examined in this study with a predilection for males. Gingival recession was more prevalent in higher age groups. Furthermore, mandibular central and lateral incisors were the most frequent teeth revealing recession among the total dentition.
Study the effect of different shades and thickness on surface hardness of light cure composite restoration (A Comparative In Vitro Study)
Authors: Hanna Bassam , Salahaldeen Miwan , Mustafa Tavga
Published: August 2017

Objectives: Study performed to determined the effect of cavity depth & shade of composite on surface microhardness of the restoration.

Materials and Methods: Eighty cylindrical specimens were prepared, (Group R) 40 specimens of Nano filled composanceram, divided into four subgroups(R1,2.5 mm,A1shade / R2, 2.5mm, C2 shade / R3,4.5mm, A1shade / R4, 4.5mm, C2shade). And (Group E) 40specimens of Micro hybrid, 3G SDI, divided into four subgroups as the same as first group. After curing with visible light cure 230v/50Hz, output 470 nm, measuring the Vicker Hardness number of top and bottom surface of each specimen, then analyzed by Student t-test.

Results: Showed highly significant in difference in relation between top and bottom surfaces for all subgroups,and also there was highly significant indifference in relation to different types of composite, while there was non-significant indifference in relation to difference in shade in case of thin thickness, while it was significant in difference in case of thick thickness of specimens.

Conclusions: In case of deep cavity it wise to use thinner composite increments to improve polymerization and should avoid thicker increment especially in a dark shade of composite.
Evaluation of the antimicrobial effects of ozonated water on the sanitization of endodontic files contaminated with C. Albicans
Authors: Saeed Niaz , Fattah Chiman , Amin Kawa , Kadir Shakhawan
Published: August 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 0.5 ppm ozonated water in the elimination of Candida albicans, from endodontic files. 

Materials and Methods: The study was performed on 20 K-files, 21 mm long and of size 25. Of these, five files were taken as a control group, and the remaining 15 files were divided into three groups of 5 files each and they were tested for the efficacy of sanitization with different disinfecting material: sodium hypochlorite alone, sodium hypochlorite followed by ozonated water and ozonated water alone. From the prepared sample of C.albicans, the 20 K-files were contaminated.

Results: Antimicrobial effectiveness was evaluated by the reduction of microbial counts. Incomplete disinfection of ozonated water up to 20% was observed (%80 sterilization). 

Conclusions: The results showed that disinfecting and exposing to ozonated water alone cannot give complete sterilization. Sodium hypochlorite followed by ozonated water can be used as an alternative method for using ozonated water alone.
Influence of prefabricated post screw head design on the stress pattern in the core and crown. Finite element stress analysis study
Authors: Al-Zahawi Abdulsalam
Published: August 2017

Objectives: This study evaluated the influence of dental post head design on the stress distribution in the core and crown structure as an in vitro study.

Materials and Methods: 3D finite element model prepared for three different stainless steel post head designs (rectangular with sharp line angle (A), rectangular with fillet line angle (B), and post with round head (C), inserted in single rooted tooth and retained the composite core and zircon crown.  Two configurations of load (100) Newten were applied vertically (V) and lateral oblique (LO) on the occlusal surface of the crown. The results were analyzed and the maximum Von Mises stress option of the stress analysis, at the core and crown parts were compared.

Results: The results shown that the Maximum Von Mises stresses value in design A (45.58, 186.16) MPa, design B (44.48, 183.71) MPa and design C (29.31, 12984) under V load and LO load in sequence.  The maximum Von Mises stress location was at the cervical margin of the crown,  in design A and B, while located at the top surface of the core for design C under both load configurations. The stresses were concentrated at the top surface of the core in designs A and B, whereas, the stress pattern distributed uniformly in the core structure for design C.

Conclusions: The round post screw head design produces more benign stress distribution under different occlusal load compared with rectangular shape particularly at the crown margin.
A correlation between human ABO phenotypes and periodontal status
Authors: Rashed Harem , Zardawi Faraedon
Published: August 2017

Objectives: To investigate the frequency of periodontal diseases among ABO blood groups and the Rh factors.

Materials and Methods: the double-blind cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 systemically healthy subjects (90) males and (110) females, were examined at the Department of Periodontics – School of Dentistry – University of Sulaimani. The sample was divided into 3 groups – control (healthy) group, gingivitis group and periodontitis group according to plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment loss, then participants examined for their blood phenotypes and a correlation among the obtained data was formulated using SPSS 17.0 software.

Results: Results of this study revealed high incidence of periodontitis and gingivitis among (O) and (A) group subjects compared to (B) and (AB) subjects, whereas no significant relation was detected between Rhesus (Rh) factors and periodontal lesions.

Conclusions: A positive correlation was detected between (A) and (O) blood groups and frequency of periodontal lesions, this correlation could be employed as a risk marker for early detection of susceptible subjects to periodontitis.
Age changes in the position of mandibular foramen related to the occlusal plane and other mandibular parameters on orthopantomograms among 7-11 years old ages among Sulaimani children
Authors: Mohammed Dler
Published: August 2017

Objectives: Main objective of this study was to estimate gender and age changes in the position of MF in relation to the occlusal plane among boys and girls aged 7 to 11 years old, also to record the distance between MF with each of the anterior border of ramus (AB), posterior border of ramus (PB), and the inferior border of ramus (IB) near the mandibular angle. Another aim was to find a correlation between the gonial angle (GA) and other mandibular ramus parameters.

Materials and Methods: 200 normal panoramic radiographs belong to 100 boys and 100 girls between 7-11 years old age, were included in this study. Radiographs collected from different sources. Seven points; four planes; four lines; and one angle were traced on the right side of the radiographs. AutoCAD and Photoshop programs were used to measure distances from MF to each of the occlusal planes; AB; PB, and IB. also GA were measured. These measuring were assessed and compared in different age and sex groups to determine the relative position of MF to the occlusal plane and other parameters.

Results: These results showed statistically significant increasing in all parameters in relation to the aging process and both sexes (P value<0.5). Boys had higher measurements than girls in all parameters except for the distance between MF and occlusal plane. GA showed a negative correlation with aging in both sexes.

Conclusions: It is concluded that IANB anesthesia is well done if the dental needle inserted below and above the occlusal plane in 7-9 and 10-11 years old boys respectively. While it should be inserted below and above the occlusal plane in 7-8 and 9-11 years old girls respectively. GA has a negative correlation with the occlusal plane and other mandibular parameters (P value<0.5). The relation between MF distance to other mandibular parameters and with advancing age in both sexes were statistically significant (P value<0.5).
The selection of maxillary anterior teeth width in relation to facial measurements
Authors: Miran Faraidoon , Muhamad Shayda
Published: August 2017

Objectives: This clinical study was carried out to determine the relationships between maxillary anterior teeth width [canine arc distance, central incisor width], and certain horizontal facial parameters which include: [(Interzygomatic, inner and outer canthus and interpupillary) distances, and (interalar, mouth and philtrum of upper lip) widths], to be used as a guide to selection   of the maxillary anterior teeth width.

Materials and Methods: The facial measurements were taken directly from (60) under-graduate students in age range (19-24) years old by using an electronic digital vernier caliper. While canine arc distance and central incisor width were measured indirectly on the casts made from impressions of the selected subjects using flexible millimeter ruler. The collected data were analyzed and correlated using statistical package SPSS version 20.

Results: The mean value of all the parameters measured were significantly higher in males than female, for male just a significant correlation was found between canine arc distance and mouth width, CARCD =0.994×MW, while for females significant correlation was found between canine arc distance  mouth width, inner and outer canthal distance, and interpupillary distance, but the most significance relation was with the mouth width, CARCD=1.036×MW, and central incisor width was significantly correlated with, mouth width, CIW = MW ÷6.15, CIW = MW ×0.16. 

Conclusions: This study demonstrated that certain horizontal facial parameters could be used as a guide in maxillary anterior teeth width selection to achieve an optimal esthetic result for each gender.
Complete edentulism and related factors among patients visiting prosthodontics department clinic of School of Dentistry - University of Sulaimani
Authors: Othman Kawan , Abdullah Dana , Muhhamad Kamil
Published: August 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of complete edentulism and associated factors among patients visiting prosthodontics department clinic of School of dentistry Sulaimani University, in order to plan for future oral health care provisions for the society, collecting epidemiological data on oral health particularly related to prosthodontics and its related issues.

Materials and Methods: The samples comprised 280 completely edentulous patients, who attended University of Sulaimani School of dentistry prosthodontics department clinic, patients questioner filled out which covered their age, gender, reasons for edentulousness, medical history, and presence of previous denture and the reason of not using it. The patients were divided in to four age groups; Group I (40-49) years, Group II (50-59) years, Group III (60-69) years, and Group IV 70 years and above. The relationship between the variables were investigated then evaluated.

Results: The results showed that 155 (55.4%) of the patients were males and 125 (44.6%) of the patients were females. The majority of the patients were from age group III (60-69) years, while minority of the patient were from age Group I (40-49). Tooth decay was the major cause of edentulousness (75.4%), while periodontitis constitutes only (24.65) of the cases. Among the total number of participants only (35%) of them were have systemic problems, 61.2% suffered from hypertension, 29.6% were diabetic, and only 9.2% of the patients have cardiovascular problem. Finally, the results revealed that from 280 patients 164 (58.6 %) have previous dentures, poor retention (48.2%), fracture (31.7), tooth wear (12.2%), discomfort (4.2%), and stability (3.7%); were the reason of not using these dentures.

Conclusions: An effective relationship between age, gender, tooth decay, periodontal disease, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease with edentulism is present.
Comparison of predominant cultivable microflora on acrylic denture base resin cured by two different techniques
Authors: Al-Kaisy Neda , Salem Salem , Al-Zubaidy Tarik
Published: August 2017

Objectives: To characterize the prevalence of normal microorganisms on complete upper dentures on successive weeks after insertion reaching a stable condition. Also, to find out the effect of the microwave curing system on the periodic microbiological growth on complete upper dentures and compare them with the results obtained from the water-bath curing method.

Materials and Methods: Ten healthy fully edentulous patients were selected. A comparative micro flora on acrylic resin samples cured by two ways: the water-bath curing method and microwave curing energy. The samples fixed in the fitting surface of complete upper denture. The micro flora were studied during four experimental periods starting from zero time, the time just before the insertion of new complete dentures till the 6th week of denture insertion. The data were analyzed using SPSS software with T-test, and the differences were considered statistically significant at P<0.05.

Results: Various microorganism species isolated from both samples, include streptococci, staphylococci, Gram-positive rods, Gram-negative rods and cocci.

The microwave samples appeared to support significantly more aerobic Gram-positive rods and anaerobic Gram-negative rods, but less aerobic and anaerobic streptococci, Gram-negative cocci, and aerobic staphylococci. No candida growth could be identified before and after denture insertion. In spite of oscillate population of the bacteria, it has been noted it tends to stabilize on two subjects at the 10th week.

Conclusions: It was difficult to decide which one of the either methods of curing acrylic resin is better in harboring fewer microorganisms. The number of both aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms significantly increased as the period of wearing denture is prolonged. Early plaque contains different kinds of bacteria; the majority was Gram-positive rods. No candida growth was detected.
Modified Flap Design for Lower Third Molar Surgery: A Short Patient-based Outcome Comparative Study
Authors: Alhamdani Faaiz , Raheem Athil , Kamal Basma
Published: August 2017

Objectives: to compare the influence of a newly suggest modified flap design on pain and swelling with the traditional two sided flap.

Materials and Methods: Patients were divided into two groups: conventional approach (control) group (n=42) and modified approach (experimental) group (n=41). Pain and swelling were evaluated for the first three postoperative days using 10 cm visual analogue scales. Presence of dry socket was documented in the 7th postoperative day.

Results: There was statistically significant difference on the third  postoperative day (p <0.05) in the mean pain score between the two surgical groups. The mean score of swelling in conventional group

was slightly higher than the modified approach (p<0.05) in the first and the third post operative days. The incidence of dry socket in the modified approach was significantly less than conventional approach group (p <0.001).

Conclusions: The modified flap design has a relative advantage over the conventional two sided buccal approach in terms of postoperative pain, swelling and dry socket incidence.
Impact of chronic oral mucosal diseases on quality of life in Kurdish patients, Preliminary observations in Sulaimani city
Authors: Garib Balkees , Gaphor Shanaz , Jamil Mustafa
Published: August 2017

Chronic oral mucosa disorders are often recurrent or painful with a long standing course that affects the quality of patients’ life. Scoring such effect with a predominance of oral health– specific quality-of-life measures currently used to a limited extent in oral medicine practice.

Objectives: to measure the impact of chronic oral mucosal diseases on quality of life in Kurdish patients. Evaluate the efficacy of the discipline-specific quality-of-life measure developed in the field of oral medicine.

Patients and Methods: Fifty patients with different chronic oral mucosal diseases participated in this study and filled the questionnaire.

Results: The quality-of-life mean score significantly differed among various chronic oral mucosal diseases. Nevertheless, there were no significant differences in medication nor patient support. Behçet’s disease had the highest value (3.36). They had a significantly high score for pain, functional limitation, social and emotional domains. Positive, simple–count score was only significantly differentiating between recurrent aphthous ulceration and recurrent herpes labialis (24 versus 9.62). Chronic oral mucosal diseased patients have moderate difficulty in carrying out daily oral hygiene (mean score 2.34). They felt discomfort with certain food features (mean score 2.02). Also, they were not satisfied with their treatment (mean score 2.5) and were worry from no curing (mean score 2.09). They had bothering from the unpredictability of their oral condition (mean score 2.04). They were moderately satisfied with the level of support and understanding shown to them by family (mean score 2.2). Fortunately, chronic oral mucosal diseases did not disrupt their social activities and did not hold them to the feeling of isolation (mean score 0.98 and 0.74 respectively).

Conclusion: Dentists should pay particular attention to mucosal-diseased patients because they are likely to experience oral impacts on daily performances. They should also consider the 26 questions included in the chronic OMD-QOL system for better understanding those patients’ need.
Perilesional sites of OSCC had altered P-cadherin expression
Authors: Mohammad Dena
Published: August 2017

Epithelial cells at surgical free margins are considered to be free of pathology at the morphological level. However, they might be associated with molecular changes when considering clonal expansion of pre-neoplastic cells in a particular tumor field; that subsequent genomic changes could drive them towards the malignant development.To evaluate the distribution and cellular localization of P-cad at the perilesional area of OSCC, in comparison with normal oral mucosa and correlate such expression to clinical parameters and histopathological grading of the primary lesion.Normal oral mucosa revealed membranous basal and parabasal expression. All the perilesional samples showed positive results with 55% overexpression. The cytoplasmic expression alone or mixed with membranous localization was the predominant expression (18 out of 20 cases). Sex, age, and clinical presentations did not show any significant relations in response to P-cad distribution or intracellular localization. While P-cad intracellular localization was significantly correlated with the histopathological grading (P=0.046) and epithelial cell layers distribution (P=0.026). P-cad overexpression was seen in 81.8% in WDSCC (9/11) perilesional sites.P-cadherin overexpression and shifting its intracellular localization from membranes to cytoplasmic and mixed at the perilesional site of oral cancer could be considered as a mark for revealing cancerization and lateral spreading.
Features of palliative care for patients with dementia
Authors: Kuznetsova Olga Yu , Moiseeva Irina E
Published: August 2017

The article presents some features of palliative care for elderly and senile patients with dementia. The types and purposes of palliative care for patients with cognitive impairment, the principles of planning of palliative care, the features of nutrition of patients with dementia, the issues of assessing the pain syndrome and the treatment of co-morbidities in patients with dementia are considered.
A retrospective analysis of trends of HIV and syphilis among blood donors in north India
Authors: Sehgal P. K. , Garg Dinesh
Published: August 2017

Background: In India, it is mandatory to screen blood donors for HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, syphilis and malaria. The donor screening strategies include taking the elaborate medical history, performing preliminary clinical examination and screening for infectious markers. The infectious markers include anti-HIV (1 and 2) antibodies, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies, and malaria antigens, such as histidine rich protein (HRP) and pan-aldolase. National adult (15-49 years) HIV prevalence is estimated at 0.26% (0.22%-0.32%) in 20155 (0.30% among males and 0.22% among females). The objective of this study was to be carried out with the aim to find out the seroprevalence of HIV infection and its trend among the blood donors a hospital based blood transfusion service set up in north India over a period of six years.Methods: It was record based retrospective study from 2010 to 2015. Before donation "blood donation form" had been filled by every donor and this form had particulars about age, gender, address, and occupation, date of previous donation, any illness and medical treatment taken. The donor blood samples were collected at the time of blood donation from the primary bag and tested for the presence of HIV using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All donors were subjected to a pre-test counselling which was done by qualified staff trained to screen donors for blood donation.Results: A prevalence of 0.21% of HIV was seen among the donors from the period 2010-2015. The trend of HIV prevalence among donors has been fluctuating while ranging from 0.13% to 0.34%.Conclusions: HIV remains the major threat for transfusion transmitted infections in India. For a safe blood service in our country, where comprehensive laboratory tests are neither possible nor pragmatic, it is best to switch over to 100% voluntary donations, as it is now established that only voluntary non-remunerated regular donation is the safest. Thus, one of our key strategies to enhance blood safety is to focus on motivating non-remunerated blood donors and phasing out even replacement donors.
A randomized prospective comparative study of laparoscopic appendicectomy versus open appendicectomy
Authors: Bajwa Rajbir Singh , Brar Navjot
Published: August 2017

Background: Acute appendicitis is the most frequent cause of persisting progressive abdominal pain in all ages. However, there is no way to prevent the development of appendicitis, the only way to reduce the morbidity and to prevent the development of appendicitis, is to perform appendicectomy before perforation or gangrene has occurred. In this study, we have done a randomized, prospective comparative study of laparoscopic appendicectomy versus open appendicectomy in the Department of Surgery, Sri Guru Ramdas Hospital and Research Institute, Sri Amritsar from August 2014 to December 2016 a period of two years and four months.Methods: This prospective randomized controlled study was carried out in the department of General Surgery. The total population group included 144 patients with a mean age of 39 years (Age group between 18-60 years). Patients between 18 years and 60 years of age were candidates for randomization. The study was carried out as an open randomized single centre study.Results: In the present study patients were not blinded to the surgical technique employed but were equally informed to resume normal activity and work as soon as possible at their discretion. The results show that time to return to heavy work was significantly reduced by the laparoscopic approach. Less pain in the post-operative period was the major contributing factor. In the present study, laparoscopic appendicectomy was associated with improved cosmesis when compared with open appendicectomy (P <0.01).Conclusions: Laparoscopic appendicectomy is a safe procedure with lower morbidity it is also an excellent training tool in laparoscopic technique and with sufficient experience takes no longer than open appendicectomy.
Profile of congenital malformations in a tertiary care level neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Tirumani Hima Bindu , Khatija Shafia
Published: August 2017

Background: Congenital malformations are important causes of infant and childhood deaths, chronic illness and disability.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted over a period of one year in Princess Esra Hospital, a tertiary level neonatal intensive care unit, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. All new-borns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit over a period of 1 year from June 2014 to June 2015 were included in the study.Results: The incidence of congenital malformations (CMF) in the present study is 3%. Among the major congenital malformations, the central nervous system (CNS) and gastrointestinal (GI) malformations were more frequent than others contributing to 28.9% each. The male neonates were more frequently involved than females. Association of low birth and prematurity with increased risk of congenital malformations is also documented.Conclusions: Early prenatal diagnosis and management of common anomalies is strongly recommended.
Cost-effectiveness study of antidiabetic drugs in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients from Mumbai, India
Authors: Limaye Dnyanesh , Todi Krishna , Shroff Jay , Ramaswamy Ashutosh , Kulkarni Priyanka , Limaye Vaidehi , Fortwengel Gerhard
Published: August 2017

Background: Diabetes is fast gaining the status of a potential epidemic in India, with >62 million individuals currently diagnosed with the disease. India currently faces an uncertain future in relation to the potential burden that diabetes may impose on the country. An estimated US$ 2.2 billion would be needed to sufficiently treat all cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in India. Many interventions can reduce the burden of this disease. However, health care resources are limited; thus, interventions for diabetes treatment should be prioritized. The present study assesses the cost-effectiveness of antidiabetic drugs in patients with T2DM from Mumbai, India.Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was performed to assess the cost-effectiveness of antidiabetic drugs in patients with T2DM. Face-to-face interviews were conducted by using a validated questionnaire in a total of 152 (76 males, 76 females) patients with T2DM from F-North Ward, Mumbai, India. Cost-effectiveness was determined on the basis of cost of antidiabetic drug/s, efficacy, adverse drug reactions, safety of administration, frequency of administration, and bioavailability. Results: For treatment of T2DM in non-obese participants, Glimepiride+Pioglitazone costed least (`3.7) per unit of effectiveness followed by Glimepiride (`6.6), Gliclazide (`8.1), Repaglinide (`24.5), and Vildagliptin (`45.2). For treatment of T2DM in obese participants, Metformin cost least (` 6.7) per unit of effectiveness followed by Glimepiride + Metformin (`5.9) and Repaglinide (`24.5). Conclusions: In case of non-obese participants, cost effectiveness and prescribed treatments did not show a match, while for obese participants prescribed treatments were in line with cost effectiveness.
Antenatal, intranatal and postnatal practices in Melghat tribal area: a qualitative study
Authors: Goswami Sourav , Gupta Subodh S. , Raut Abhishek V. , Garg Bishan S.
Published: August 2017

Background: Melghat, the hilly and forest dense area in the northeastern Maharashtra is the home of the Gond and Korku tribes. The maternal and child health indicators in Melghat are poor compared to other parts of Maharashtra. Apart from poor socio-economic development, traditions and social norms prevailing in the area also prevent people to seek reproductive health care. The current study tried to capture the perception of women in reproductive health regarding their practices during the antenatal, natal and postnatal period and reasons for not seeking medical advice during pregnancy or childbirth. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted during September to October 2015 in the selected villages under three PHC areas of Melghat region, where we used in-depth, key informant interviews and focus group discussion with the purposively chosen participants, after taking verbal consent from them. All the interviews were audio recorded which were transcribed for doing the analysis. Ethical clearance was taken from institutional ethical committee. Results: We identified different practices during the antenatal, natal and postnatal period in Melghat, which could be classified into common and deviant. Though some of the mothers go to health facilities for delivery but still there are many others who prefer home delivery due to poor health literacy, family customs, poor communication network, perception regarding quality of health care in government health facilities and more reliance on health seeking from unqualified health care providers and faith healers. Conclusions: More emphasis should be given on counselling for increasing the awareness among the mothers and their families regarding institutional delivery, birth preparedness and maternal deaths in Melghat, along with improvement in quality of services at government health facilities and the inter-sectorial coordination.
Management of pterygium in a case of post radial keratotomy
Authors: Srirampur Arjun , Kalwad Anupama , Amula Ganga Prasad , Agraharam Satish
Published: August 2017

This study is a case of post radial keratotomy who underwent pterygium excision and its management. A 44 old high myope who underwent radial keratotomy more than a decade earlier underwent pterygium excision and conjunctval autograft. 6 months follow-up showed no recurrence of pterygium and improvement in corneal irregulalrity. Careful and meticulous dissection of pterygium over keratotomy wounds helps in prevention seroius complications during surgery. 
Identificación de hongos mucorales causantes de la pudrición blanda en frutos de papaya (Carica papaya L.) en México
Authors: Cruz-Lachica Isabel , Márquez-Zequera Isidro , García-Estrada Raymundo Saúl , Carrillo-Fasio José Armando , León-Félix Josefina , Allende-Molar Raúl
Published: August 2017

México es uno de los principales productores de papaya a nivel mundial; sin embargo, la producción es afectada por enfermedades fungosas, siendo la pudrición blanda de frutos una causa de pérdidas en precosecha y en poscosecha. La enfermedad es común; sin embargo, la información acerca de los agentes causales es escasa. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar a los hongos mucorales causantes de pudrición blanda mediante caracterización morfológica y molecular. Se recolectaron frutos enfermos durante el periodo mayo-octubre de 2014 en Colima, Veracruz y Oaxaca. Se aislaron hongos mucorales, se determinó la patogenicidad con los postulados de Koch y se registraron datos de estructuras fúngicas. La caracterización molecular se realizó mediante análisis de las regiones ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 y 28S (LSU) ribosomal. La identificación de las especies se confirmó por comparación con secuencias del Genbank y análisis filogenético. Las cepas aisladas en este estudio se ubicaron en clados monofiléticos soportando a las especies Gilbertella persicaria que se encontró en los tres estados muestreados, Mucor irregularis en Veracruz y Rhizopus oryzae en Oaxaca, como los agentes causales de pudrición blanda en papaya. Este es el primer reporte de M. irregularis y R. oryzae afectando frutos de papaya en México. Aunque G. persicaria ya se ha reportado causando enfermedad en Colima, aquí se demuestra su distribución en Oaxaca y Veracruz.
Peran Strategis Guru Mentor Dalam Program Pengalaman Lapangan [The Strategic Role of the Teacher Mentor in a Field Experience Program]
Authors: Sitompul Lastiar Roselyna
Published: August 2017

The field experience is an important aspect of a student's academic program in improving the quality of a graduate of a teacher education program. The mentor teacher has a strategic role in developing students' competence to be a professional teacher. To know the mentor teacher's role and the process of guidance during the field experience program, student teachers need to observe, interview and make a portfolio. The results of the study indicates that there are obstacles in the field supervision process such as the limited opportunities for guidance because of the many duties that must be done by the mentor teachers. It is hoped that this article will provide advice to the Teachers College as the organizer of the field experience program to improve the socialization of the role of mentor teachers in  schools where field experience programs are held, so that such programs will be more effective in achieving the expected goals.

BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRAK: Program pengalaman lapangan (PPL) adalah salah satu program mata kuliah yang berorientasi pada pengalaman mengajar di lapangan yang sangat penting dalam meningkatkan mutu seorang lulusan fakultas ilmu pendidikan. Guru mentor mempunyai peran strategis dalam mengembangkan kemampuan kompetensi mahasiswa guru untuk siap menjadi seorang guru yang profesional. Untuk mengetahui peran dan proses pembimbingan selama program pengalaman lapangan dilakukan penelitian deskriptif melalui observasi dan wawancara serta menggunakan dokumen portofolio mahasiswa PPL. Hasil observasi menunjukkan ditemukan kendala-kendala dalam proses pembimbingan di lapangan seperti terbatasnya kesempatan bimbingan oleh karena tugas dan kewajiban yang lain yang harus dikerjakan para guru mentor. Diharapkan melalui artikel ini Teachers College  sebagai penyelenggara program  pengalaman lapangan lebih meningkatkan sosialisasi peran guru mentor di sekolah-sekolah tempat diadakannya program pengalaman lapangan, sehingga semakin efektif untuk mencapai tujuan yang diharapkan.
Using a Graphic Novel Project to Engage Indigenous Youth in Critical Literacies
Authors: Brown Alexis , Begoray Deborah
Published: August 2017

The purpose of this paper is to present the experiences of Indigenous youth when a critical literacies/Indigenous knowledges (IK) approach was used in a graphic novel creation project. We conducted research over a six-week period in two alternative high schools in British Columbia. In this paper, we look primarily at research findings from the Indigenous program. We analyzed classroom observations, the graphic novels, and transcripts of semi-structured interviews according to four principles of critical literacy: understanding power, control, and equity of information; collaboration using multiple perspectives; authentic and multimodal learning; and enacting social change and civic engagement.
Trabalhos de campo na disciplina de Geologia Introdutória: a saída autônoma e seu papel didático
Authors: Scortegagna Adalberto , Negrão Oscar Braz Mendonza
Published: August 2017

São relatados diversos tipos de trabalhos de campo e seus papéis didáticos, relacionando-os com a disciplina de Geologia Introdutória aplicada ao curso de Geografia. Os tipos de trabalhos de campo relatados são: as saídas de campo Ilustrativa, Indutiva, Motivadora, Treinadora e Investigativa. Sugere-se uma nova proposta de trabalho de campo, a saída de campo Autônoma, na qual os alunos realizam trabalhos sem a presença do professor em campo. Esta nova proposta de trabalho favorece atividades investigativas constantes ao longo da disciplina, pois a partir dos temas que vão sendo abordados em sala de aula, os alunos têm a possibilidade de fazer a inter-relação entre a teoria e sua aplicação no cotidiano. Outro aspecto importante refere-se ao fato de permitir a participação total da turma, pois os horários de ida ao campo são agendados pelos próprios grupos de estudo, em especial turmas do período noturno, que tradicionalmente participam menos de saídas de campo realizadas em finais de semana
Relato final do III Encontro do Fórum Nacional de Cursos de Geologia
Authors: Carneiro Celso Dal Ré , Nummer Alexis Rosa , Assis José Fernando Pina , Pinho Francisco Egídio Cavalcante
Published: August 2017

O III Encontro do Fórum Nacional de Cursos de Geologia, promovido pelo Instituto de Geociências da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais em colaboração com a Sociedade Brasileira de Geologia, realizou-se na cidade de Diamantina (MG), nas dependências do Centro de Geologia Eschwege, unidade do Instituto Casa da Glória da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, no intervalo dos dias 20 a 23 de junho de 2004. O III Encontro contou com o apoio do Instituto de Geociências da Unicamp, da Federação Nacional dos Geólogos (FEBRAGEO) e do Sindicato dos Geólogos no Estado de São Paulo (SIGESP). Não foi possível obter, nesta oportunidade, auxílio do Conselho Federal de Engenharia, Arquitetura e Agronomia (CONFEA), que apoiou financeiramente a realização do II Encontro do Fórum Nacional de Cursos de Geologia, realizado em Belém (PA), no ano de 2003, e do Conselho Regional de Engenharia, Arquitetura e Agronomia de Minas Gerais (CREA-MG).
Sobre Geoestatística e mapas
Authors: Landim Paulo Milton Barbosa
Published: August 2017

A Geologia, até há bem pouco tempo, era freqüentemente considerada uma ciência baseada em interpretações puramente qualitativas dos fenômenos geológicos. Nos últimos 40 anos, porém, tem sido notável a mudança da fase descritiva para a utilização de métodos quantitativos, principalmente na área da Geologia Aplicada. Entre tantos temas relacionados com a quantificação em Geologia o assunto abordado neste artigo, que pretende ser de cunho didático, diz respeito à aplicação da Geoestatística na confecção de mapas geológicos. Na primeira parte do trabalho é feita uma introdução sobre os aspectos quantitativos na interpretação dos fenômenos geológicos, em seguida conceitos básicos sobre a metodologia geoestatística e, na última parte, uma aplicação clássica da geoestatística linear, baseada nos conceitos de estacionaridade da covariância e do variograma, para a confecção de mapas.
A Model for Dynamic Routing of Multiuser Communication Network
Authors: Puranik Rajeshri A. , Dubey Sapana P.
Published: August 2017

In this paper a dynamic model for competitive routing in multi user communication network is presented. Dynamics has been introduced by considering the status of the communication network over a period of time, time dependence of link capacity and availability, and accordingly the cost function. We use game theoretical concepts to analyze this model. We assume that each user of the communication network can control the amount of flow to optimize his gain (or to minimize cost).
Accuracy of Peripheral and Central Venous Blood Gas Analysis in Evaluating Patients with Respiratory Failure
Authors: Ghanem Marwa Salah , Abdelwahab Heba Wagih , Farrag Nesrine Saad , Hamad Ahmed M.
Published: August 2017

Objectives: Arterial blood samples are the gold standard test but these are more difficult to get than venous samples. In this study we assessed the possibility of utilization of venous (peripheral and central) blood gas samples in evaluation of subjects with respiratory failure instead of arterial samples. Methods: critically ill subjects with respiratory failure had paired venous (peripheral and central) and arterial samples taken. Assessment of agreement between blood gas samples (arterial and venous) as regard PH, Pco2 and HCO3 was done using Bland–Altman analyses. The spearmen correlation and linear regression tests were also performed to assess the degree of association between arterial and venous samples. Results: 100subjects were included. A good agreement was found between venous (peripheral and central) and arterial values of pHand HCO3.The agreements between peripheral venous and arterial PH and HCO3 values is higher than agreements between arterial and central venous measures. Conclusions: venous blood gas analysis (mainly peripheral samples) could replace arterial blood gas analysis in the evaluation of acid base balance in subjects with respiratory failure
Effect of Government Regulations on the Level of Efficiency in Strategic Planning of Oil Marketers in Kenya
Authors: Indiya Gulali Donald
Published: August 2017

In the current business world, it is imperative that an organization runs its operations efficiently and in response to the needs of its stakeholders. In Kenya the oil sector has over 30 oil importing and marketing companies which contribute immensely higher GDP for the country and is expected to boost the economy by over 20% in 2030. Previous studies done has shown proliferation of counterfeit oil products in the market, tax evasion and tampering with product quality. The Government has countered all these through regulations, however little is known on the effect of these regulations so as to bring a win-win situation for all stakeholders. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of government regulations on the level of efficiency in strategic planning of oil marketers in Kenya. Specifically the study based on; determining the effect of licensing regulations, investigate the effect of safety standards, examine the effect of quality standards and establish the effect of price regulations, all on the level of efficiency in strategic planning of oil marketers in Kenya. The study employed Resource dependency Theory, Strategy implementation Theory and Stakeholder involvement theory. The study adopted quantitative survey design on 219 managers. The study adopted a stratified random sampling on a sample size of 66. Primary data was then collected using questionnaires from which 58 questionnaires were valid for the study making a response rate of 87.8%. secondary data was obtained from records, ppublications and audited financial reports.
Conceptualisation of Role of Social Media Engagement in Influencing Purchase Behaviour of Gen Y: Role of Trust and Risk
Authors: Rani Anu
Published: August 2017

Purpose: The present study seeks to conceptualise the role of social media engagement in purchasing intentions of gen Y and moderating role of trust and perceived risk.

Design/methodology/approach: The paper draws upon the extant literature to present a series of research propositions relating to social media engagement.

Findings: The study proposes a conceptual model based on the antecedents and consequences of social media engagement, and the moderating role of perceived risk and trust in the relationship between brand equity and purchase intentions.

Research limitations: Being conceptual in nature, the paper needs to be empirically tested.

Originality/value: The paper is among the first attempt to examine the moderating role of perceived risk and trust in the relationship between brand equity and purchase intention.