bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long‐term survival and complications following small intestinal resection and partially stapled, functional end‐to‐end anastomosis
Authors: Kopec Elizabeth Katherine , Stevens Martha , Crowe Oliver , Wright Chris , Suthers Joanna
Published: October 2024

Objective

The aim of the present study was to investigate the long‐term survival and postoperative complications in horses that had undergone small intestinal resection and a modified anastomosis technique using a partially stapled, functional end‐to‐end anastomosis.

Study design

Observational retrospective case series.

Animals

A total of 25 horses underwent small intestinal resection and a partially stapled, functional end‐to‐end anastomosis.

Methods

A modified technique to create a partially stapled, functional end‐to‐end anastomosis is described. The clinical case records of all horses that fulfilled the criteria between January 1, 2010 and January 1, 2020 were reviewed. Data on short‐term survival and postoperative complications were collated. A telephone questionnaire of owners was undertaken to evaluate long‐term survival.

Results

Duration of follow up was from one to 4232 days (median 785 days). A total of 21/25 (84%) of horses survived to discharge, 19/25 (76%) horses were alive at 6 and 12 months and 64% survived to 2 years. A total of 64% of horses developed at least one postoperative complication. Two horses developed a small intestinal volvulus necessitating repeat laparotomy. One horse had kinking at the anastomosis site diagnosed at post‐mortem examination.

Conclusion

Partially stapled functional end‐to‐end anastomosis technique in this study had similar short‐ and long‐term survival to those reported in previous studies using handsewn techniques, but severe complications at the anastomosis site occurred in >10% of cases.

Clinical relevance

The anastomosis technique described appears to have similar short‐ and long‐term survival and complication rates, compared to more commonly used anastomosis techniques. However, there is potential for severe complications at the anastomosis site.
Numerical and Optimization Studies on Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition Engine With Hydrogen and Split Injections
Authors: Amba Prasad Rao G. , Balaji Lakkisetty Venkata
Published: October 2024

Effective abatement of harmful tail-pipe emissions from fossil fuel run engines is achieved through low-temperature combustion strategies; the reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) mode of operation has been successful among such concepts. The present work deals with numerical work performed using ansys forte software with n-heptane as a high-reactivity fuel and hydrogen in different proportions as a low-reactivity fuel, respectively. With total energy fixed, the amount of hydrogen is varied from 0% to 80% fuel injection is regulated accordingly. Pertinent engine in-cylinder parameters with patterns are extracted, emphasizing the combustion phenomena of RCCI operation with the lowest possible emissions targeted, with the combined effects of hydrogen induction, start of injection, and split injections. The contours of fuel vapor and emission parameters are obtained to relate the performance with emissions. It is noted that with a split injection strategy at 50/50 and 75/25 split strategy and 45–50% energy share from hydrogen, the NOx, soot reductions, and thermal efficiency penalty are in the range of about 5.5%, 24%, and 7.5%, respectively, also, with 30% exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), about 95% NOx reduction but with higher soot values. A 75/25 split and advanced injection timing of 25 deg bTDC resulted in the RCCI mode of operation with reduced soot emissions, and the use of EGR has resulted in high levels of soot and poor fuel efficiency. Among the models of machine learning tested, random forest regressor emerged as the most suitable, with higher R2 values, indicating better predictive capability.
Enrichment of Chlorophyta Growth Via Cerium Oxide and Utilized for Hydrogen Production Via a Hydrothermal Gasification Process
Authors: Soudagar Manzoore Elahi M. , Upadhyay Viyat Varun , Naga Bhooshanam N. , Kumar Niraj , Venkatesh R. , Prabagaran S. , Wei Hua-Rong , Al Obaid Sami , Alharbi Sulaiman Ali
Published: October 2024

The growing interest in alternative fuels stems from the need to address energy security and economic challenges. Hydrogen fuel is considered a promising solution due to its versatility, efficiency, and potential for zero emissions, as well as continuous technological advancements and increasing policy support. This study intends to enhance Chlorophyta growth by incorporating different volume percentages of cerium oxide (CeO2) as feedstock for hydrogen production through hydrothermal gasification. The research findings indicate that the highest concentration (0.2 vol%) of CeO2 resulted in the maximum growth of 0.63 µ/day, which was utilized for hydrogen extraction. Additionally, the investigation explored the impact of Chlorophyta algae loading (0.05–0.15 g/mL) and processing temperature (500–650 °C) on molar fraction, hydrogen yield, gasification efficiency, carbon efficiency, and total hydrogen production. Higher feedstock (0.15 g/mL) and gasification temperature (650 °C) were found to improve hydrogen fraction (61.8%), yield (10.2 mol/kg), gasification efficiency (43.8%), and total hydrogen production (62.5%).
Speed dependence, sources, and directivity of small vessel underwater noise
Authors: Johansson A. Torbjörn , Lalander Emilia , Krång Anna-Sara , Andersson Mathias H.
Published: October 2024

Small vessels (<10 m) radiate underwater noise in sensitive coastal environments, but there is insufficient knowledge of their noise radiation. Through detailed measurements of seven small boats and a jet ski in a shallow water environment on the Swedish west coast, this study presents results on the speed dependence of small vessel underwater noise, its sources, and its directivity. For vessels with planing hulls, broadband source levels increase with speed until planing is attained. When planing, source level dependence on speed is weak. A detailed noise source analysis of one vessel showed that at low speed, tonals from the engine dominate the noise radiation, whereas at higher speeds, propeller tonals and broadband noise dominate. Noise radiation into different horizontal angles shows little angle dependence, and noise levels relative to the closest point of approach show a similar pattern across all investigated vessels. Received noise levels at approximately 100 m range are not high enough to cause hearing impairment in marine animals, but fast-moving small vessels may cause behavioural reactions or stress responses across several marine animal groups.
Novel, likely pathogenic variant inATP7Aassociated with Menkes disease diagnosed with ultrarapid genome sequencing
Authors: Backal Amy , Velinov Milen , Garcia Jazmin , Louis Cassandra L
Published: October 2024

Menkes disease is a multisystem disorder caused by disturbances in copper absorption and metabolism. This lethal neurodegenerative disease presents with fine, ‘kinky’ hair, connective tissue dysfunction and developmental regression after 2–3 months of age. The primary variant associated with Menkes is in theATP7Agene with X-linked recessive inheritance. Historically, the diagnosis of Menkes has relied on clinical signs and symptoms, but as the disease has varying levels of severity and presentation, it can take months to diagnose and treat. Emerging technology for ultrarapid genome sequencing offers a DNA-based route of diagnosis with preliminary results in hours, allowing for earlier discovery and treatment of Menkes with the potential for better long-term outcomes. Ultrarapid whole genome sequencing identified a novel, likely pathogenic, frameshift variant in theATP7Agene consistent with a diagnosis of Menkes disease. The clinical manifestations and pathophysiology of this disorder, as well as a rapid DNA-based diagnosis, are described in this case.
Longitudinal management in Duchenne muscular dystrophy with exon 63 duplication
Authors: Armytasari Inggar , Sutomo Retno , Triono Agung
Published: October 2024

A boy with nonambulatory Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) tested positive for exon 63 duplication and exhibited intellectual disability, overweight and dyslipidaemia. The patient underwent a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach involving pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Despite challenges, such as socioeconomic constraints and limited access to advanced therapies, the patient received tailored care. The management included prednisone medication, dietary modifications and psychological support. The patient’s journey highlighted the complex interplay of medical and psychosocial factors affecting DMD patients in resource-limited settings. Regular monitoring and the involvement of the patient’s family in a peer group were arranged to improve overall quality of life. The case underscores the need for accessible and holistic care for DMD patients, addressing both medical and psychosocial challenges.
Using digital tools and antigen rapid testing to support household-level SARS-CoV-2 detection by community health workers in Rwanda: an operational pilot study
Authors: Nshimiyimana Ladislas , Bigirimana Noella , Ngabonziza Jean-Claude S , Rwabihama Jean-Paul , Rutayisire Robert , Semakula Muhammed , Rukundo Gilbert , Mugabo Hassan , Mutabazi Josue , Mukamana Beatrice , Mazarati Jean-Baptiste , Kadam Rigveda , Akinwusi Olukunle , Suleiman Khairunisa , Muvunyi Claude Mambo , Akugizibwe Paula
Published: October 2024

Objective

To evaluate the use of antigen-based rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs) alongside a digital tool to deliver household-level COVID-19 testing by community health workers (CHWs), in line with Rwanda’s ambition to decentralise COVID-19 testing.

Design

This was an operational pilot study to evaluate the impact and operational characteristics of using the digital e-ASCov tool combined with Ag-RDTs to support COVID-19 symptom screening and rapid testing by CHWs across eight districts in Rwanda. A total of 800 CHWs selected from both rural and urban areas were trained in delivering Ag-RDTs for COVID-19 testing and using the e-ASCOV application for data capture on a smartphone. Laboratory technicians repeated a subset of Ag-RDTs to assess the concordance of results obtained by CHWs. The study also assessed CHWs’ experience of the intervention using a mixed-methods approach.

Setting

Eight rural, urban and semiurban districts in Rwanda.

Participants

A total of 19 544 individuals were enrolled and screened for signs and symptoms of COVID-19.

Interventions

Community-based screening for COVID-19 by CHWs using the digital tool e-ASCov combined with rapid testing using Ag-RDTs.

Main outcome measures

Number of participants screened and tested; concordance of Ag-RDT results between CHWs and laboratory technicians; feasibility of study procedures by CHWs and CHWs perceptions of the digital tool and Ag-RDT testing.

Results

From February to May 2022, CHWs screened 19 544 participants, of whom 4575 (23.4%) had COVID-19-related symptoms or a history of exposure to the infection. Among them, 86 (1.9%) were positive on Ag-RDTs. Concordance of Ag-RDT results between CHWs and laboratory technicians was 100%. Of the 800 trained CHWs, 746 (93.3%) were independently able to conduct household-based COVID-19 screening, perform the Ag-RDTs and send data to the central server. Most CHWs (>80%) found Ag-RDTs and e-ASCOV easy to use.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated the feasibility of deploying a digital tool and Ag-RDTs for household-level SARS-CoV-2 detection in Rwanda. The findings support a broader roll-out of digitally supported rapid testing by CHWs to broaden access to testing for priority diseases.
Evaluation of frequency of consumption of cariogenic snacks by freshmen versus the senior dental students in Tehran and the related factors: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Gholami Mahdia , Mohebbi Simin Z , Mafakheri Milad , Shahhosseini Houra
Published: October 2024

Background

Senior dental students are more aware of the harmful effects of cariogenic snacks and are expected to better watch their diet compared with freshmen dental students. This study aimed to compare the frequency of consumption of cariogenic snacks by senior and freshmen dental students of Tehran city and the related factors.

Methods

This cross-sectional study evaluated the senior and freshmen dental students attending dental schools in Tehran in 2018, who were selected by census sampling. A cariogenic snack record form was used to collect information regarding the frequency of consumption of cariogenic snacks both prospectively (within the upcoming week) and retrospectively (previous 24 hours). We also collected information on the demographic characteristics of the participants. The plaque-producing and decay-producing potential of the diet (PAP) index was calculated for each dental student. Data were analysed by the backward regression model using SPSS.

Results

A total of 294 dental students with a mean age of 22±2.85 years participated in this study. The mean PAP score was 76.48±49.91 for the freshmen and 89.87±49.41 for the senior dental students with a significant difference between them (p=0.023). Older dental students (p=0.008) and those not living with their parents (p=0.001) acquired a higher PAP score.

Conclusion

The mean PAP score of freshmen and senior dental students in Tehran was slightly higher than the optimal level. So the instructional techniques of dental curricula are better to be revised to improve the performance of dental students to cut down the consumption of cariogenic snacks.
Lifestyle approaches to hypertension for prevention of stroke and vascular cognitive impairment: a realist review protocol
Authors: Ibrahim Sarah , Bielecki Joanna , Kocabas Emine , Singh Sanjula , Senff Jasper R , Casaubon Leanne K , Rosand Jonathan , Rac Valeria E , Pikula Aleksandra
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Stroke and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) are major global public health pandemics. The increased incidence of stroke and VCI is in part due to modifiable risk factors (MRFs), with hypertension (HTN) being the strongest single MRF. Even though the underlying causes of HTN are multifactorial, lifestyle choices (eg, poor diet, physical inactivity, alcohol consumption) are chief contributors. Lifestyle medicine (LSM) is a medical and evidence-based discipline that is a promising approach for preventing stroke and cognitive impairment, including VCI. The empirical evidence from systematic reviews, meta-analyses and large population-based studies has reported on the effectiveness of LSM interventions. However, the evaluation of such complex, social and behavioural interventions warrants more information to allow its successful implementation into innovative clinical care models. More importantly, we need to understand how such interventions work, who it works for and under what circumstances to successfully manage HTN and other MRFs (eg, hyperlipidaemia, smoking, alcohol use and diet).

Methods and analysis

This realist review will follow the Realist and Meta-narrative Evidence Synthesis: Evolving Standards. The review will comprise four stages: (1) clarify the scope, (2) search for the evidence, (3) critically appraise primary studies and extract data focusing on the context, mechanism and outcome configuration and (4) synthesise evidence and draw conclusions.

Ethics and dissemination

Research ethics board approval is not required for this review. The primary output of this review will be an evidence-based programme theory for LSM interventions for the management of HTN and other MRFs to reduce the risk of stroke and VCI. Findings from this review will be disseminated at three levels: micro (eg, patients, caregivers, clinicians, non-research partners), meso (eg, public, national not-for-profit organisations, professional associations and centres) and macro (eg, policymakers and government partners).

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42024511566.
Changes in food habits during the transition to retirement: the Whitehall II cohort study
Authors: Lagström Hanna , Lahdenperä Mirkka , Ravyse Chirsna , Akbaraly Tasnime , Kivimaki Mika , Pentti Jaana , Stenholm Sari , Head Jenny
Published: October 2024

Background

The transition to retirement is a significant turning point in life, which may lead to changes in food habits.

Objective

To examine changes in red meat, fish, vegetables and fruit consumption during the retirement transition and whether these changes vary between sociodemographic groups.

Methods

The data were from the Whitehall II study, a cohort of 10 308 British civil servants aged 35–55 years at study induction (1985–1988). Data collection has taken place every 2–3 years. Food consumption (n=2484–2491) was assessed with the Food Frequency Questionnaire in the periods before (max. 16 years) and after retirement (max. 16 years). Changes in preretirement and postretirement consumption were compared in the total cohort and subgroups by sex, marital status, preretirement occupation status and financial hardship using linear regression analyses with generalised estimating equations.

Results

Weekly red meat consumption was stable before retirement but increased after retirement (p=0.02), especially among women, single and lower occupational status participants. Fish consumption increased during the follow-up and the increase was steeper before retirement than postretirement period (p=0.02). Vegetable and fruit consumption also increased during the entire follow-up, but more strongly during preretirement than postretirement period (p<0.001 for both).

Conclusion

The transition to retirement is accompanied by favourable (increase in fruit, vegetable and fish) and unfavourable (increase in red meat) dietary changes, varied to some extent by sex, marital status and preretirement occupational status. Our findings suggest that attention should be paid to this transitional phase to promote eating habits in accordance with the recommendations for retirement.
Neuroprotective effects of whey and buttermilk-based formulas on a DSS-induced colitis murine model
Authors: Buey Berta , Latorre Eva , Castro Marta , Valero Marta Sofía , Plaza Miguel Ángel , Arruebo María Pilar , Abad Inés , Rodríguez-Largo Ana , Sánchez Lourdes , Mesonero José Emilio
Published: October 2024

Inflammatory bowel disease is a gut–brain axis disorder that comprises chronic inflammatory conditions affecting the gastrointestinal tract, where alterations in the mood of patients are common. Gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication that link gut and brain. The close association between inflammatory bowel disease and neuroinflammation has far-reaching implications, as is increasingly recognized as a contributing factor to neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. The increasing prevalence and high economic cost, together with the loss of life quality of people suffering from these diseases, point to the need to find alternatives to alleviate them. Exploring new therapeutic avenues prompts us to consider the potential benefits of milk fractions, taking advantage of the use of dairy by-products, such as whey and buttermilk. This study examines the impact of cow’s whey- and buttermilk-based formulas supplemented with bovine lactoferrin and milk fat globule membrane on the expression of cytokines, as well as on the components of immune and serotonergic system of the brain in a murine model of dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. Our results show the potential of these dairy by-products, especially whey, as functional foods in ameliorating neuroinflammation and safeguarding the central nervous system function amid the neurological complications induced or concomitant with intestinal inflammatory processes.
Food web structure across basins in Lake Erie, a large freshwater ecosystem
Authors: Heuvel C.E. , Zhao Y.-M. , Fisk A.T.
Published: October 2024

Understanding spatial variation of aquatic food web structure and how ecosystem boundaries should be delineated is important. Here, we investigated the spatial variation in food web structure within Lake Erie across its three basins using δ13C and δ15N. Fish and lower trophic level composition were similar but differences in food web structure were observed among basins. The food web in the central basin had the smallest δ13C and δ15N range and total area based on stable isotope values by the aquatic community, likely due to chronic epibenthic hypoxia in the summer that affects fish habitat and resources. The largest δ15N range was in the east, driven by the high trophic position of lake trout present in this deepest basin. The western basin had the largest mean distance to the centroid of all three basins, indicating a large trophic diversity, probably due to high nutrient loadings and productivity. This research revealed spatial variability of food web structure in large lake ecosystems and the importance of considering smaller sub-units, such as basin, in large lakes.
Combining thinning and diverse plantings to adapt to climate-change-induced timber supply shortage in British Columbia
Authors: Lafond Valentine , Polinko Adam D. , Man Cosmin D. , Dymond Caren C. , Paradis Gregory , Griess Verena C.
Published: October 2024

Forestry is an important component of Canada’s economy with British Columbia (BC) contributing almost half to the national roundwood production. Yet, the country’s timber supply and forest economy are threatened by climate change, with increased frequency and severity of natural disturbances and changes in forest productivity. Mountain pine beetle ( Dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreaks are endemic in BC, but the latest climate change-driven outbreak has resulted in a cumulative loss of over half of all merchantable pine, leading to a mid-term timber supply shortage. In this study, we investigate the potential of commercial thinning and alternative planting regimes based on species diversification and assisted species migration to mitigate the anticipated decrease in timber supply in BC. We simulated the long-term effects of these management options in a case study area in interior BC, using a toolbox that combines management- and research-oriented data and models. We found that combining commercial thinning and species diversification has the best potential to mitigate future timber supply shortages in BC. We discuss the limits of this toolbox approach and identify research needs and recommendations for future studies aiming at modelling cumulative effects of management, climate change, and natural disturbances on timber supply.
THCA: Three-Hop Congestion Awareness Routing Mechanism in WiNoC
Authors: Xu Dongyu , Zhang Tianbao , Zhou Wu
Published: October 2024

Wireless on-chip networks suffer from serious congestion problems due to the expansion of their network size and the joining of wireless nodes, and token passing is very inefficient in the case of low network injection. Aiming at the congestion problem and the inefficiency of token passing in wireless on-chip networks, this paper designs a three-hop congestion-aware routing mechanism in WiNoC. In the scheme of this paper, first, the congestion information is written into Head Flit for propagation through the information piggybacking method, in which the information piggybacking method does not introduce congestion information propagation overhead, second, the port with the smallest congestion value is selected for transmission through the three-hop congestion-aware routing algorithm to reduce the congestion within the subnetwork, and then the wireless node congestion is mitigated through the new wired and wireless packet division method, and finally, the power of wireless nodes is reduced through the dynamic MAC mechanism to reduce the power consumption of wireless nodes. The experimental results show that this paper’s scheme can reduce the intra-subnet congestion, balance the inter-subnet load, reduce the power consumption of wireless nodes, and reduce the latency by 44.6% compared with the basic wireless on-chip network using adaptive routing algorithm, and reduce the latency by 21.8% compared with the wireless on-chip network using global congestion-aware routing algorithm; in different traffic patterns, this paper achieves the highest saturation throughput in different traffic patterns, and the additional hardware overhead of the router increases by only 0.04%.
Polynilpotent multiplier of extra special P-groups
Authors: Mahdipour Fateme , Sanati Mahboubeh Alizadeh
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we obtain some exact sequences on the polynilpotent multiplier of a group [Formula: see text]. As a consequence of these exact sequences, we derive some numerical inequalities for their order, exponent, and generating set. One of the results is an explicit structure for the Baer invariant of extra special [Formula: see text]-groups with respect to the variety of polynilpotent groups of class row [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. It has a useful application in order to prove that extra special [Formula: see text]-groups have no any [Formula: see text]-covering group, when [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
Directions of Technical Innovation for Regulatable AI Systems
Authors: Shen Xudong , Brown Hannah , Tao Jiashu , Strobel Martin , Tong Yao , Narayan Akshay , Soh Harold , Doshi-Velez Finale
Published: October 2024

Public sector AI procurement checklists can help guide efforts to create regulatable AI systems.
Crime and Governance in the Global South
Authors: Watson Danielle , Blaustein Jarrett , Pino Nathan W. , Berg Julie
Published: October 2024

This article considers the relationship between crime and governance on the peripheries of the Global North. It draws on examples from across the Global South to show how conceptualizations of crimes are impacted by history, politics, and socio-economic contexts and how crime is influenced by, and in turn influences, governance practices. The review centers on four arguments: Western ideologies and epistemologies are inadequate for conceptualizing the nexus between crime and governance in the Global South; understandings of crime must be informed by knowledge of contextual harmscapes; models of crime control and policing do not always capture the hybridity and plurality of everyday governing practices in the Global South; and crime dynamics intersect with governance structures to create complex challenges for state control. The review highlights the need for scholars and practitioners to adopt historically and contextually informed approaches to theorizing the governance of criminalized harms in the Global South.
The Rise of Progressive Prosecutors in the United States: Politics, Prospects, and Perils
Authors: Mitchell Ojmarrh , Petersen Nick
Published: October 2024

Throughout much of the United States, progressive chief prosecutors (PCPs) have campaigned for office by pledging to end mass incarceration and reduce disparities therein. In this review, we summarize the progressive prosecution movement and the evidence base concerning PCPs. We attribute the rising number of PCPs to a disjuncture between the criminal justice policy preferences of state-level policymakers and voters. Although voters, especially in urban areas, prefer reforms aimed at reducing excessive punitiveness and increasing fairness, state-level policymakers have been reluctant to enact such reforms. PCPs bridge this gap by using their authority to implement local reforms without altering state laws. We detail the number of PCPs leading prosecution in urban counties, examine their characteristics, discuss the controversies surrounding PCPs, and critically review the emerging body of evidence concerning the influence of PCPs on sanctioning and public safety.
Rapidly Rotating Magnetohydrodynamics and the Geodynamo
Authors: Dormy Emmanuel
Published: October 2024

The problem of the geodynamo is simple to formulate (Why does the Earth possess a magnetic field?), yet it proves surprisingly hard to address. As with most geophysical flows, the fluid flow of molten iron in the Earth's core is strongly influenced by the Coriolis effect. Because the liquid is electrically conducting, it is also strongly influenced by the Lorentz force. The balance is unusual in that, whereas each of these effects considered separately tends to impede the flow, the magnetic field in the Earth's core relaxes the effect of the rapid rotation and allows the development of a large-scale flow in the core that in turn regenerates the field. This review covers some recent developments regarding the interplay between rotation and magnetic fields and how it affects the flow in the Earth's core.
C‐Reactive Protein Is Not the Driver Factor in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Ge Zhong-Bo , Zhang Xin-Yun , Zhang Chun-Miao , Xu Tao-Tao , Li Si-Yi , Wei Meng-Xiao , Ding Xin-Yuan , Bai Cai-Juan , Wang Han , Zhou Hai-Hong , Wang Ming-Yu
Published: October 2024

Purpose: C‐reactive protein (CRP) functions as a nonspecific marker in various inflammatory disorders, particularly in evaluating the efficacy of pharmacological treatments in patients with ulcerative colitis. The existing body of evidence does not offer adequate support for the direct implication of CRP in modulating the advancement of ulcerative colitis.

Methods: Our study employed a rigorous mouse model. An ulcerative colitis mouse model was established by subjecting CRP‐deficient mice to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) treatment. The phenotype of the mice, which encompassed parameters such as body weight, colon length, and spleen weight, was meticulously evaluated. Additionally, various physiological and biochemical indicators were assessed, including colon histopathology, expression levels of inflammatory factors, and staining of the intestinal mucus layer.

Results: The absence of CRP did not significantly affect the phenotype, physiological characteristics, and biochemical indices in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis compared to mice with wild‐type CRP. Additionally, eliminating intestinal bacteria flora interference through antibiotic treatment revealed that mice lacking CRP did not demonstrate any notable variations in the ulcerative colitis model. Meanwhile, the survival rate of mice lacking CRP did not exhibit a statistically significant difference compared to wild‐type mice.

Conclusion: The results of our study suggest that CRP may not directly mediate ulcerative colitis. Instead, it is more likely to be a bystander that is present alongside with elevated inflammatory factors. Further investigation is warranted to determine the precise role of CRP in humans, given the significant limitations associated with the use of mouse models.
Genome‐Based Molecular Diversity of Extended‐Spectrum β‐Lactamase‐Producing Escherichia coli From Pigeons in China
Authors: Li Shuangyu , Liu Xinshuai , Zhao Haoyu , Zhang Yuhua , Lu Zheng , Wang Juan , Li Ruichao , Xie Peng , Hu Yibin , Zhou Caiyuan , Mao Qian , Sun Leilei , Li Shanshan , Wang Wenhui , Wang Fang , Liu Xinyu , Liu Tiantian , Pan Wei , Wang Chengbao
Published: October 2024

Extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase‐producing Escherichia coli (ESBL‐EC) strains present a significant menace to the well‐being of both animals and humans. However, limited information is available regarding their profiles in pigeons. Using a combination of whole genome sequencing, drug susceptibility testing, and bioinformatics analysis, we examined the genomic features and epidemiology of 95 ESBL‐EC strains (41 racing and 54 meat pigeons) that were isolated from 11 Chinese cities. These strains belonged to seven phylogenetic groups (A, B1, B2, C, D, E, and F). Moreover, these isolates have 51 serotypes, including several pathogenic ones (e.g., O51, O8, O4, O25, and O6). Notably, two high‐risk clones, ST131 O25:H4, were found in racing pigeons and were responsible for the worldwide outbreaks of highly pathogenic and multidrug‐resistant (MDR) E. coli infections. In addition, we found 41 multilocus sequence typing types, of which the dominant types were ST155, ST20, ST1011, and ST1196. In total, 91 isolates (95.79%) showed MDR, while eight isolates (8.42%) showed resistance to up to eight classes of antibiotics. Furthermore, we identified a series of ESBL genes in these isolates, including blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaOXA, blaLAP, and blaCMY. Also, 50 other antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were accompanied by the carriage of 33 plasmid replicon types, facilitating the horizontal spread of ARGs. Interestingly, three mcr-1, four mcr-1.1, and one tet(X4) were found in isolates of meat pigeons, and it was possible to successfully transfer the plasmids containing tet(X4) and mcr-1.1 to E. coli C600. In summary, this work presents the complexity of MDR profiles, plasmid profiles, and multiple typing profiles of Chinese ESBL‐EC isolates of pigeon origin for the first time. The thorough investigation of ESBL‐EC in pigeons presented in this work suggests that racing and meat pigeons are significant ARGs reservoirs.
Morphology of Roots and Canals of Maxillary First Premolars: A CBCT Study in a Peruvian Sample
Authors: Yanqui-Gómez Juan Salvador , Dulanto-Vargas Julissa Amparo , Carranza-Samanez Kilder Maynor
Published: October 2024

Introduction: It is important to take into account variations in structures related to dental pulp for planning the most adequate endodontic treatment management. The objective of this study was to determine the morphology of roots and canals of maxillary first premolars (MFPs) using cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included a sample of 392 CBCTs of Peruvian adults proportionally selected by sex, age, and quadrant. One MFP per individual was selected for evaluation by a calibrated evaluator based on the number of roots and canal configuration according to the Vertucci classification (VC; Cohen’s κ ≥ 0.834). Pearson’s χ2 and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used with a significance level of P < 0.05.

Results: Most MFP presented double roots (59.9%) and were VC type IV (52%). Morphology showed a nonsignificant difference by quadrants (P = 0.994). A significant positive association was found between the presence of double roots and type IV in men and with older age, while single roots and type I and II were associated with women and younger age (P < 0.05). Double roots were associated with VC type IV (86%) and single roots with types III (34%), II (32%), and I (26%; P < 0.001).

Conclusions: MFPs in a Peruvian sample presented a higher frequency of double roots with two separate canals. The morphology of root and canals was associated with age and sex.
A 10 × 10 MIMO Multiband Broadband Planar Antenna for Multiband Applications
Authors: Chung Ming-An , Lin Chia-Wei , Meiy Ing-Peng
Published: October 2024

This paper proposes a 10 × 10 MIMO multiband broadband planar antenna for tablets or laptops. The designed antennas cover a large number of the popular sub‐6‐GHz application bands, such as 0.617–0.96, 2.1–2.7, 3.5–4.5, and 6.1–7.2 GHz for public safety communications, radio systems, Bluetooth, Wi‐Fi, and satellite communications. The proposed antenna is designed with grounded branches, which can generate a wide bandwidth and cover most of the sub‐6‐GHz application band by coupling between branches of different lengths and antennas. MIMO antennas have been measured to have an envelope correlation coefficient of less than 0.7 and have met the standards set by international organizations for human radiation absorption simulations. The proposed antenna validates the unique 10 × 10 MIMO antenna structure and feasibility. Multiple operable frequency bands are realized, and the radiation effect of the antenna on the human body is analyzed if it complies with international market standards. The proposed antenna design is well suited for multiband and broadband requirements.
Use of Cryopreserved Sperm of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) for Seed Production at the Hatchery Level of Bangladesh—A Need for Development of Germplasm Repositories
Authors: Hossian Shajjad , Reza Md. Faijan , Rahman Mohammad Matiur , Mariom  , Alam Mohammed Jahangir , Razzak Md. Abdur , Mollah Md. Fazlul Awal , Tiersch Terrence R. , Sarder Md. Rafiqul Islam
Published: October 2024

Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), a freshwater nonnative fish species, is a potential aquaculture candidate in Bangladesh. The seed of the species is produced in the hatcheries by hypophysation, but the quality of seedstock of grass carp is deteriorated due to inbreeding, negative selection, and interspecific introgression among fishes. To increase the availability of quality seed and best genetic traits of grass carp, this study dealt with finding suitable conditions of sperm cryopreservation protocols and evaluated the effectiveness of cryopreserved sperm through breeding trials of C. idella. A broodstock population was developed from fingerlings imported from China by the Bangladesh Department of Fisheries. Sperm was collected from hormone‐induced mature males, with an estimated concentration of 2.4 ± 0.3× 1010 cells/mL and a pH of 8.3 ± 0.2. Sperm motility was evaluated in different concentrations of NaCl solution. The highest motility (96% ± 1%) and longest motility duration (22 ± 1 min) were achieved at 0.4% of NaCl (128 mOsmol/kg). The toxicity of DMSO and methanol at concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15% was evaluated for 5–40 min using Alsever’s solution and egg yolk citrate. The highest motility was achieved during 5 and 10 min of incubation with cryoprotectants at 5% and 10%. Alsever’s solution with 10% DMSO at 1:9 dilution with sperm produced the highest equilibration motility (93% ± 2%) and when cooled at 10°C/min yielded the highest postthaw motility (85% ± 3%). Fertilization of 24% ± 3% to 51% ± 2% and hatching of 18% ± 2% to 41% ± 2% were achieved by using cryopreserved sperm in six selected private hatcheries. The fertilization rate for fresh sperm sourced from hatchery‐reared males was 64% ± 5% to 85% ± 3%, and the hatching rate ranged from 53% ± 6% to 74% ± 5%. Thus, the cryopreservation protocol of C. idella sperm was found to be feasible for fry production at commercial hatcheries, but further research is needed to improve the fertilization and hatching rates.
Determining the Ability of Senior Dental Students to Detect Interproximal Caries Using Different Radiographic Techniques
Authors: Abdalla Muzan , Khan Saadika B.
Published: October 2024

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic capability of 5th‐year students using digital imaging, conventional bitewing (BW) radiographs, and printed film on paper to detect interproximal caries lesions.

Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted with senior dental students. Three different radiographs: digital, BW, and printed films on paper were used; thus, nine radiographs, each with a 2‐min viewing time, were considered by students along with a questionnaire. A control group of specialists from Prosthodontics and Radiology had finalized the answers prior to conducting the study. The appropriate responses were divided into five categories: R0: Intact surface, R1: Radiolucency in the outer half of enamel, R2: Radiolucency in the inner half of enamel, R3: Radiolucency in the outer half of dentin, and R4: Radiolucency in the inner half of dentin. Students’ responses were analyzed using a one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and a t‐test.

Results: Ethics for the study was obtained from the institutional committee (Reg No: BM19/9/8). When compared with the control group using ANOVA testing, the results showed good detection accuracy with a success rate of ~64 accuracy. There was a significant difference in the outcomes when detecting the presence of the caries lesion between the three diagnostic techniques (p  > 0.001). In detecting the size of the carious lesion, the students’ ability was recorded as poor. The highest average for detecting the presence of the carious lesion was correspondent to the printed film on paper method.

Conclusions: Senior dental students have shown good accuracy in detecting the presence but not the size of interproximal caries on all radiographs viewed.

Clinical Significance: Teachings and availability of diverse radiological diagnostic techniques ensured a reasonable level of understanding and use of the diagnostic caries risk assessment methodologies as required in restorative treatment planning.
Molecular Detection of Equine Herpesviruses from Field Outbreaks in Donkeys in Northwest Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Worku Anmut , Molla Wassie , Kenubih Ambaye , Negussie Haileleul , Admassu Bemrew , Ejo Mebrat , Dagnaw Gashaw Getaneh , Bitew Abebe Belete , Fentahun Tewodros , Getnet Kalkidan , Dejene Haileyesus , Berrie Kassahun , Ibrahim Saddam Mohammed , Gessese Abebe Tesfaye , Dessalegn Bereket , Birhan Mastewal , Fenta Melkie Dagnaw , Kinde Mebrie Zemene
Published: October 2024

Equine herpesviruses pose a threat to equine health and potentially cause substantial economic losses to the global equine industry. EHV outbreaks have been reported in various parts of Ethiopia and the Amhara region specifically. This study aimed to detect EHVs from suspected outbreak cases in selected districts of the Northwest Amhara region. A cross‐sectional study was performed from January 2022 to July 2022 to detect EHVs from suspected outbreak cases. Clinical observation was conducted for the presumptive identification of equine herpesvirus infection, and nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected for molecular detection of the viruses for confirmation. Out of 463 donkeys observed, 23 donkeys showed clinical signs suggestive of equine herpesvirus infection. Samples from 10 suspected donkeys were further subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test, amplifying ORF30 for EHV‐1 and gB for EHV‐2 and EHV‐5. Among the 10 donkeys tested, seven (n = 7) were positive for EHV‐5. All ten (n = 10) tested donkeys were negative for EHV‐1 and EHV‐2. EHV‐5 was detected in animals with nervous signs, respiratory signs, a combination of nervous and respiratory signs, and a combination of abortion, respiratory, and nervous signs. Generally, only EHV‐5 was identified from the outbreak, and more detailed epidemiological/molecular studies should be performed to better understand its dynamics and inform preventive measures.
Supplementary Figure 9 from A Prime-Boost Vaccination Approach Induces Lung Resident Memory CD8+ T Cells Derived from Central Memory T Cells That Prevent Tumor Lung Metastasis
Authors: Xu Haoran , Yue Ming , Zhou Runhong , Wang Pui , Wong Michael Yik-Chun , Wang Jinlin , Huang Huarong , Chen Bohao , Mo Yufei , Tam Rachel Chun-Yee , Zhou Biao , Du Zhenglong , Huang Haode , Liu Li , Tan Zhiwu , Yuen Kwok-Yung , Song Youqiang , Chen Honglin , Chen Zhiwei
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Figure 9
Supplementary Figure 2 from A Prime-Boost Vaccination Approach Induces Lung Resident Memory CD8+ T Cells Derived from Central Memory T Cells That Prevent Tumor Lung Metastasis
Authors: Xu Haoran , Yue Ming , Zhou Runhong , Wang Pui , Wong Michael Yik-Chun , Wang Jinlin , Huang Huarong , Chen Bohao , Mo Yufei , Tam Rachel Chun-Yee , Zhou Biao , Du Zhenglong , Huang Haode , Liu Li , Tan Zhiwu , Yuen Kwok-Yung , Song Youqiang , Chen Honglin , Chen Zhiwei
Published: October 2024

Enhanced memory T cell response by systematic prime-nasal booster immunization in lung
Figure S5 from Multidimensional Fragmentomics Enables Early and Accurate Detection of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Cao Yuepeng , Wang Nannan , Wu Xuxiaochen , Tang Wanxiangfu , Bao Hua , Si Chengshuai , Shao Peng , Li Dongzheng , Zhou Xin , Zhu Dongqin , Yang Shanshan , Wang Fufeng , Su Guoqing , Wang Ke , Wang Qifan , Zhang Yao , Wang Qiangcheng , Yu Dongsheng , Jiang Qian , Bao Jun , Yang Liu
Published: October 2024

Figure S5
Figure S3 from Multidimensional Fragmentomics Enables Early and Accurate Detection of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Cao Yuepeng , Wang Nannan , Wu Xuxiaochen , Tang Wanxiangfu , Bao Hua , Si Chengshuai , Shao Peng , Li Dongzheng , Zhou Xin , Zhu Dongqin , Yang Shanshan , Wang Fufeng , Su Guoqing , Wang Ke , Wang Qifan , Zhang Yao , Wang Qiangcheng , Yu Dongsheng , Jiang Qian , Bao Jun , Yang Liu
Published: October 2024

Figure S3
Figure S1 from Multidimensional Fragmentomics Enables Early and Accurate Detection of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Cao Yuepeng , Wang Nannan , Wu Xuxiaochen , Tang Wanxiangfu , Bao Hua , Si Chengshuai , Shao Peng , Li Dongzheng , Zhou Xin , Zhu Dongqin , Yang Shanshan , Wang Fufeng , Su Guoqing , Wang Ke , Wang Qifan , Zhang Yao , Wang Qiangcheng , Yu Dongsheng , Jiang Qian , Bao Jun , Yang Liu
Published: October 2024

Figure S1
Supplementary Data S2 from Integrative Modeling of Signaling Network Dynamics Identifies Cell Type–Selective Therapeutic Strategies for FGFR4-Driven Cancers
Authors: Shin Sung-Young , Chew Nicole J. , Ghomlaghi Milad , Chüeh Anderly C. , Jeong Yunhui , Nguyen Lan K. , Daly Roger J.
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Data S2
Supplementary Data S1 from Integrative Modeling of Signaling Network Dynamics Identifies Cell Type–Selective Therapeutic Strategies for FGFR4-Driven Cancers
Authors: Shin Sung-Young , Chew Nicole J. , Ghomlaghi Milad , Chüeh Anderly C. , Jeong Yunhui , Nguyen Lan K. , Daly Roger J.
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Data S1 - SBML model file
Table S3 from Hypoxic Memory Mediates Prolonged Tumor-Intrinsic Type I Interferon Suppression to Promote Breast Cancer Progression
Authors: Iriondo Oihana , Mecenas Desirea , Li Yilin , Chin Christopher R. , Thomas Amal , Moriarty Aidan , Marker Rebecca , Wang Yiru J. , Hendrick Haley , Amzaleg Yonatan , Ortiz Veronica , MacKay Matthew , Dickerson Amber , Lee Grace , Harotoonian Sevana , Benayoun Bérénice A. , Smith Andrew , Mason Christopher E. , Roussos Torres Evanthia T. , Klotz Remi , Yu Min
Published: October 2024

GSEA analysis with genes downregulated in 68H compared to 68N
Supplementary Table S5 from Transcriptional Phenocopies of Deleterious KEAP1 Mutations Correlate with Survival Outcomes in Lung Cancer Treated with Immunotherapy
Authors: Scalera Stefano , Ricciuti Biagio , Marinelli Daniele , Mazzotta Marco , Cipriani Laura , Bon Giulia , Schiavoni Giulia , Terrenato Irene , Di Federico Alessandro , Alessi Joao V. , Fanciulli Maurizio , Ciuffreda Ludovica , De Nicola Francesca , Goeman Frauke , Caravagna Giulio , Santini Daniele , De Maria Ruggero , Cappuzzo Federico , Ciliberto Gennaro , Jamal-Hanjani Mariam , Awad Mark M. , McGranahan Nicholas , Maugeri-Saccà Marcello
Published: October 2024

Association between the KEAPness-dominant phenotype and baseline characteristics of NSCLC patients included in the SU2C identification cohort.
Supplementary Figure S7 from Transcriptional Phenocopies of Deleterious KEAP1 Mutations Correlate with Survival Outcomes in Lung Cancer Treated with Immunotherapy
Authors: Scalera Stefano , Ricciuti Biagio , Marinelli Daniele , Mazzotta Marco , Cipriani Laura , Bon Giulia , Schiavoni Giulia , Terrenato Irene , Di Federico Alessandro , Alessi Joao V. , Fanciulli Maurizio , Ciuffreda Ludovica , De Nicola Francesca , Goeman Frauke , Caravagna Giulio , Santini Daniele , De Maria Ruggero , Cappuzzo Federico , Ciliberto Gennaro , Jamal-Hanjani Mariam , Awad Mark M. , McGranahan Nicholas , Maugeri-Saccà Marcello
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Figure 7. Relationship between KEAPness, tumor mutational burden (TMB) and the fraction of genome altered (FGA) in the TCGA NSCLC cohort
Supplementary Figure S6 from Transcriptional Phenocopies of Deleterious KEAP1 Mutations Correlate with Survival Outcomes in Lung Cancer Treated with Immunotherapy
Authors: Scalera Stefano , Ricciuti Biagio , Marinelli Daniele , Mazzotta Marco , Cipriani Laura , Bon Giulia , Schiavoni Giulia , Terrenato Irene , Di Federico Alessandro , Alessi Joao V. , Fanciulli Maurizio , Ciuffreda Ludovica , De Nicola Francesca , Goeman Frauke , Caravagna Giulio , Santini Daniele , De Maria Ruggero , Cappuzzo Federico , Ciliberto Gennaro , Jamal-Hanjani Mariam , Awad Mark M. , McGranahan Nicholas , Maugeri-Saccà Marcello
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Figure 6. KEAPness and the 29 tumor microenvironment (TIME)-related signatures in the TCGA NSCLC cohort