bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WANITA ISLAM DAN CEDAW: ISU-ISU BERKAITAN DENGAN UNDANG-UNDANG KEKELUARGAAN ISLAM DI MALAYSIA Muslim Women and CEDAW: Issues Related to Islamic Family Law in Malaysia
Authors: Noor Zanariah
Published: January 2025

The majority of Muslim nations, including Malaysia, ratified the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), with the exception of those provisions that conflict with Islamic teachings, particularly those that deal with Islamic family law. This article discusses conflicting issues that are related to the provisions of Article 16 (1) of CEDAW and Islamic family law in Malaysia such as gender equal rights to marriage, equal rights in divorce-related matters, and equal position between mother and father towards their children. The Islamic family law of Malaysia, the international treaty (CEDAW), and authoritative jurisprudence books as well as contemporary Islamic law texts were all examined as part of this study using a content analysis method. CEDAW’s blanket definition of the discrimination against women and make the same demands disregards of the local and social values of the Malaysian society is inappropriate. The CEDAW’s proposal for amending Islamic family law regarding marriage, divorce and parental rights in Malaysia should not be entertained because it is contradicting with the Islamic and local values uphold by the Malaysian society especially the Muslims.
LAWYERS, LAW REPORTING AND THE SHARIA COURTS OF APPEAL IN NIGERIA
Authors: Adebayo Oba Abdulmumini
Published: January 2025

The Sharia Court of Appeal (first created in 1960) is a superior court of record that hears appeals from the area courts and Sharia courts in Islamic personal law cases only. Appeals from the Sharia Courts of Appeal go to the Court of Appeal and finally, to the Supreme Court. Lawyers gained the right of audience in the Sharia Courts of Appeal and qualified for appointment as Kadis of the court in 1985 and 1999 respectively. Reports of the Sharia Courts of Appeal judgments are hard to come by. An exception is the Kwara State Sharia Court of Appeal that has published its Annual Reports for the years 1993 to 2015. The Annual Report was renamed Law Reports and the Law Reports for 2016 and 2020 have been published. This paper gives a conceptual and historical background to Islamic law reporting, analyses the 2000 Annual Report and 2020 Law Report (the maiden editions respectively) and examines the prospects of reporting cases of the court. The study finds some differences in the formats of the annual reports and the law reports; inconsistencies in the court’s referencing style and the transliteration schemes, and that the reports are useful to lawyers and academics alike. The paper recommends that the judgments in the court should not be unduly long; that the referencing style and transliteration scheme for Arabic sources should be standardized; and that while the reports be encouraged and sustained, the concept of stare decisis should not become entrenched in Islamic courts.
PERANAN WAKAF TUNAI UNTUK PENDIDIKAN: KAJIAN KES DI BANK MUAMALAT MALAYSIA BERHAD The Role of Cash Waqf for Education: The Case Study of Bank Muamalat Malaysia Berhad
Authors: Mahyudin Mohd Izuwan , Rahman Asmak Ab Rahman
Published: January 2025

It is incumbent upon the government to undertake the provision of educational amenities, a duty that underscores its responsibilities. However, Malaysia's educational framework faces an escalating challenge, primarily stemming from the mounting costs associated with facilitating educational infrastructure. To ensure the uninterrupted delivery of quality education, the participation of waqf-developing institutions becomes pivotal in aiding the government, including private entities such as financial institutions. This study extensively examines the deployment of cash waqf funds, particularly those executed by banking institutions, using Bank Muamalat Malaysia Berhad (BMMB) as a reference. This bank has undertaken pioneering waqf initiatives in collaboration with the State Islamic Religious Council to advance education. This study employs a qualitative approach, entailing data collection from diverse pertinent documents, coupled with interviews involving three key personnel from Bank Muamalat Malaysia Berhad (BMMB). The study's findings underscore the Bank's tangible potential to significantly contribute to the advancement of waqf in Malaysia by means of cash waqf initiatives. Bank Muamalat Malaysia Berhad (BMMB) has notably undertaken multiple contributions within the sphere of educational waqf. These contributions encompass diverse initiatives, ranging from the establishment of educational centres to the provisioning of essential educational resources and facilities, even extending to the provision of waqf-based vehicles. The study reveals a considerable potential for the enhancement of educational waqf by engaging corporate entities, notably banking institutions.
THE CRITIQUE OF ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION UNDER ISLAMIC LAW AND ITS RELEVANCE IN THE CONTEMPORARY NIGERIA
Authors: Adenuga Zaynab Omotoyosi Shittu- , Abiola Adekunle Saheed , Mustapha Sunkanmi Sodiq
Published: January 2025

The practice of Alternative Disputes Resolution (ADR) such as Tahkim (arbitration), Sulh (mediation), ombudsman (Muḥtasib), expert opinion (fatwa) and other ways of compromising disputes out of court is sanctioned under Islamic law. Muslims need to know the relevance of these ADR processes and their applicability in the settlement of disputes. This is based on the authority that Allah unequivocally stated that Sulh is the best (Qur’an al-Nisa’: 128). This article offers a critique of ADR processes under Islamic law and the chances of its assimilation in Nigeria. This paper argued that the ADR processes are very significant in the administration of justice. The setback is in its application in Nigeria despite the practice of Shariah in about twelve states in Northern Nigeria. It is opined that individuals, institutions and courts have not manifestly practised ADR processes. This paper adopted a combination of doctrinal, empirical, historical and analytical research methods. We consulted primary and secondary materials, coupled with the use of questionnaires. The paper employed explorative method of data analysis. This paper revealed that the current application of Islamic ADRs is informal and unpopular as it lacks statutory backing in Nigeria. People are desirous to embracing it, which will help improve the administration of justice through the decongestion of court cases. This paper concludes that Islamic ADRs are effective for access to justice in Islam. The paper therefore recommended amongst others that Sulh should be statutorily provided for in Nigeria and adequate Islamic legal training of those involved in the administration of justice should be conducted to avoid an improper practice that will undermine its positive impact on the administration of justice in Nigeria.
TADBIR URUS SYARIAH BAGI PENYELESAIAN ISU-ISU PEMBANGUNAN WAKAF DI MALAYSIA: KAJIAN KES DI BEBERAPA NEGERI TERPILIH Shariah Governance on Resolutions of Waqf Development Issues in Malaysia: Case Studies in Selected States
Authors: Ibrahim Adnin , Rahman Asmak Ab
Published: January 2025

This paper analyzes the governance implemented to resolve Shariah-related issues in the development of waqf in Malaysia. The study adopts a qualitative research approach employing a collective case study design. Four states were selected as study samples, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with officers from the State Islamic Religious Council (SIRC) or its subsidiaries appointed as mutawalli, officers from the State Mufti Department, as well as Muftis, Deputy Muftis, or members of the State Fatwa Committee. Thematic analysis is employed to highlight themes related to the governance of resolving Shariah issues in the development of waqf in Malaysia. The findings indicate that the development of waqf in Malaysia is subject to governance at the state rather than federal level. Consequently, in the context of Shariah governance for waqf development, two institutions in each state are involved, namely the waqf institution as mutawalli managing waqf assets and the Fatwa Committee. Additionally, the Fatwa Committee plays an advisory role for the waqf institution in ensuring Shariah compliance of products and waqf development management.
Project Multatuli Feat Lembaga Pers Mahasiswa: Implementasi Jurnalisme Kolaborasi dalam Pemberitaan Kasus Kekerasan Seksual
Authors: Nur Cholisah Alfida , Briyan Pratiwi Rhesa Zuhriya
Published: January 2025

The increasing of sexual violence cases in Higher Education has made Project Multatuli, a non-profit alternative media based on public journalism, with the Student Press to conduct collaborative journalism to highlight this. Through the implementation of the Journalistic Code of Ethics with a survivor's perspective, the collaborative journalism that’s formed is a means for the Student Press together with professional journalists to contribute to voicing cases of sexual violence on campus. This article aims to describe the implementation of collaborative journalism, by Project Multatuli together with LPM Institut, LPM Bhaskara, and Pers Akademika related to news coverage of sexual violence on campus. The type of research is descriptive qualitative, with data collection through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data analysis is carried out interactively, with data validity through source triangulation. Data findings describe collaborative journalism that’s temporary and integrated. The implementation of collaborative journalism is carried out through investigative reporting with a victim's perspective; providing security for survivors, journalists, and the media; prioritizing the victim's point of view and consent in reporting; including actively informing survivors about the risks of coverage.
ANALYSIS OF ISLAMIC COMMUNICATION ABOUT OXYMORA CANCEL CULTURE ON VIRTUAL MEDIA IN INDONESIA
Authors: Yaqinah Siti Nurul , Antok Ishak Hariyanto
Published: January 2025

Several public figures have controversies, so the public responds negatively. On the other hand, an Islamic communication perspective is necessary to analyze this phenomenon. Therefore, this research aimed to uncover the dynamics and oxymora cancel culture in virtual media in Indonesia, especially in the context of Islamic communication. Using a netnography approach, this study analyses various cases involving public figures such as Ahmad Dhani, Luna Maya, Gisel Anastasya, Rizki Billar, Tuan Guru Mizan Qudsiyah, and Panji Gumilang on the YouTube platform. The study results show that cancel culture in Indonesia reflects social complexity, where religious values face modern demands for social justice. On the one hand, cancel culture functions as a social control mechanism to maintain religious norms and public ethics, providing a role for society in correcting behavior that is considered deviant. On the other hand, this phenomenon risks creating an intolerant environment, limiting the space for forgiveness and improvement, and potentially violating the principles of compassion and justice in Islam. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the role of Islamic communication in responding to the phenomenon of cancel culture, emphasizing the importance of a wise and contextual approach in integrating religious values and the demands of modernity in the digital space.
THE CRITICAL IMPORTANCE OF ASSESSING STAKEHOLDER AWARENESS OF FOOD SAFETY AND SECURITY ACROSS THE FOOD VALUE CHAIN
Authors: Wu Yue , Takács-György Katalin
Published: January 2025

Aim: This study aims to assess the critical importance of stakeholder awareness of food safety and security across the food value chain. A lack of awareness can hinder the development of sustainable agriculture; there­fore, this research explores why awareness of food safety and security is essential for different stakeholders in the food value chain. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using content analysis to investigate the level of awareness among various stakeholders, from farmers to consumers, regarding food safety and security. The review focused on identifying key factors that influence stakeholder engagement and awareness throughout the food value chain. Results: The analysis revealed that stakeholder awareness of food safety and security significantly enhances food safety measures, promotes sustainability, ensures regulatory compliance, and improves overall efficiency. It also reduces waste, strengthens consumer trust, builds brand loyalty, and addresses global food challenges. Additionally, the study found that the awareness of farmers at the early stages of the food value chain is as important as that of end-stage players, such as food service workers and consumers. Conclusions: Understanding the level of awareness of food safety and security among stakeholders is crucial for promoting sustainability, improving food safety, and ensuring regulatory adherence across the food value chain. Enhancing awareness, particularly at the farming stage, is vital for improving the overall effectiveness of food safety and security initiatives.
Verification of data compression focusing on continuity in 3D printing
Authors: Kodama Satoshi
Published: January 2025

Recently, 3D printers have become capable of producing relatively large, high-resolution models. Unlike simple shapes, it is becoming possible to print large complex shapes with high accuracy. However, the data size of complex models is also large, and the slice data required for printing is also large. Thus, in this study, we investigated reducing the data size by focusing on the characteristics of the slice data required for 3D printing. The proposed method focuses on the continuity of each layer and the top/bottom layers of the cross-section used to print the 3D model. Preliminary experiments were conducted to determine whether the data size could be reduced by applying the difference method. Here, the results obtained from the continuity were output as text data, and various metadata, e.g., lamination pitch data, required for printing were ZIP compressed. Then, we compared conventional file formats as a format that can be converted as a printable file as lossless compression. The results demonstrated that the file size can be reduced for 3D complex shapes with a large number of vertices, which are difficult to handle. We found that the proposed difference method was effective for relatively large files that require a general-purpose graphics processing unit to create slice data.
Evaluation of Residual Phase from Orbit Accuracy Using TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X SAR Observation
Authors: Kim Yeojin , Hong Sang-Hoon
Published: January 2025

Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) is used to observe precise surface displacement and create digital elevation models by calculating the phase differences between two or more SAR images obtained over the same surface area. The phase of a repeat-pass interferogram can be expressed as the sum of contributions from topography, ground displacement, earth curvature, noise, and the satellite’s orbital phase component. For precise observations, removing unnecessary phase components is essential. Errors owing to the satellite’s orbit accuracy leave residual phases in the interferogram, which become a significant limitation for wide-area ground displacement monitoring using the InSAR technique. This study used four pairs of images acquired by TerraSAR-X in monostatic pursuit mode from October 2014 to February 2015 to analyze the residual phase caused by orbital errors. Since these images were acquired with a 10-second interval between the TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X satellites, the phase coherence was maintained over time. The Tarim Basin in China was selected as the study area to minimize the impact of terrain distortion. By introducing a 0.5 m error into the x, y, and z components of the satellite position vectors and creating differential interferograms, it was found that the x component’s orbital error caused the largest residual phase, with linear residual phases observed in the north-south direction. Furthermore, various baselines ranging from -29.71 to 263.21 m were used to quantitatively compare the residual phases caused by orbital errors based on the perpendicular baseline. The residual phase was similar across the four differential interferograms, with approximately 3.49 π for the x component, 0.85 π for the y component, and 1.25 π for the z component. The residual phase resulting from simulated orbital errors was effectively mitigated using a 2D quadratic model.
GeoAI Dataset for Urban Water Body Detection Using TerraSAR-X Satellite Radar Imagery
Authors: Lee Eu-Ru , Jung Jun-Hyeok , Kim Ki-Chang , Yu Seong-Jae , Jung Hyung-Sup
Published: January 2025

This study presents the generation of a GeoAI dataset for urban water body detection using TerraSAR-X satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. The study area includes urban regions in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province, chosen for their complex structures and frequent flooding, which pose challenges for SAR analysis. The data preprocessing involved generating Sigma0 images, image co-registration, median filtering for speckle noise reduction, decibel conversion, and orthorectification using Copernicus DEM for precise geometric correction. Label data were created using the global river widths from Landsat dataset combined with the Otsu thresholding method and fine-tuned with Google Map imagery. Annotation guidelines were meticulously designed to account for SAR-specific phenomena such as layover, corner reflections, and side lobe effects, ensuring consistent and accurate labeling across different orbits and observation conditions. The resulting dataset supports deep learning models in learning geometric characteristics of SAR imagery, enhancing water body detection capabilities. This work provides a foundational resource for future applications in urban water management and climate-resilient disaster response.
Examining the Effectiveness and Efficiency of Full Population Testing versus Traditional Sampling
Authors: Huang Feiqi , Cho Soohyun , Lee Kyungha , No Won Gyun
Published: January 2025

SYNOPSIS

Full population testing (FPT) has been proposed as an alternative to traditional sampling, enabling auditors to manage a potentially large number of items leveraging advances in data analytics. This study applies FPT to substantive testing in an audit using purchase transaction data. We then evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of FPT by comparing the outcome of FPT with that of traditional sampling approaches. Our findings show that the FPT approach is more effective and efficient in identifying problematic transactions. Finally, we discuss the costs and benefits of adopting FPT and address the key considerations when applying FPT in an audit environment.

Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources referenced in the text.

JEL Classifications: M41; M42; C55; C88.
To Charge or Not to Charge: Prosecutorial Characteristics and Responses to Auditor Reported Findings
Authors: Lau Michelle C. , Flasher Renee
Published: January 2025

Deterring white-collar crime involves a complex relationship between detection by auditors and legal enforcement. We hand collect data from the Arkansas Legislative Audit Committee on auditor findings reported to the prosecuting attorney’s office, and subsequent prosecutorial responses for the respective district between 2015 and 2019. Applying theory from sociology and psychology we consider the effects of prosecutorial gender and financial resources (a dimension of socio-economic status) on prosecutorial charging decisions involving auditor reported fraud. We find an association between a prosecutor’s financial resources and formal prosecutorial charges but not for gender. We also find an increasing trend of auditor referrals but static levels of formal criminal charges filed by prosecutors. Our findings highlight the complexity of the auditor-prosecutor relationship, and a need to better understand differences between auditor and prosecutor conclusions regarding white-collar crime.

Data Availability: Data are available from public sources cited in text.

JEL Classifications: M420.
Re-Examining the Effect of Quarterly Reporting on Firm Value—New Evidence from the Introduction of a Risk-Based Approach in Singapore
Authors: Nienhaus Martin , Schott Alicia , van Gemmern Florian
Published: January 2025

Kajüter, Klassmann, and Nienhaus (2019) (KKN) find that mandating quarterly reporting is net costly for small firms. In this study, we re-examine the firm value effect of quarterly reporting using Singapore’s regulatory change from a size-based to a risk-based approach to quarterly reporting, in which only high-risk firms are mandated to report quarterly. We find that prior mandatory quarterly reporters do not react significantly to the regulatory relaxation. However, firms with a strong demand for transparency and small firms previously exempted from quarterly reporting react significantly negative (−0.83 and −1.67 percent, respectively). Consistent with KKN, high-risk firms that are now required to report quarterly perceive the mandate as burdensome (−2.80 percent). Moreover, firms exhibit heightened uncertainty after the announcement of the regulatory change until the publication of high-risk firms. Finally, quarterly reports of high-risk firms do not generate information spillovers to nonquarterly reporters, whereas those of voluntary continuers do so.

JEL Classifications: M41; M48.
Taktikai atomfegyverek
Authors: Őze Zoltán
Published: January 2025

Az elmúlt évtizedekben szinte minden tömegpusztító fegyverfajta mennyisége csökkent a világban, és ez a tendencia különösen a nukleáris robbanófejek számára igaz. A fenti kijelentés globális tekintetben helytálló, de földrészenként, országokra lebontva előfordul, hogy egyes államokban nőtt az atomfegyverek száma. Ez utóbbiak közé tartozik többek között India, Pakisztán és az Egyesült Királyság. Az Amerikai Védelmi Minisztérium 2023-as jelentése szerint legfőképpen Kína növelte az elmúlt években atomarzenálját: 2021 és 2023 között mintegy száz robbanófejjel. [1] A nukleáris fegyverrendszereket, elsősorban a hordozóeszközöket, folyamatosan modernizálja minden atomhatalom. Az orosz–ukrán háború kapcsán, vezető orosz politikusok egyre gyakrabban említik az atomfegyver alkalmazásának lehetőségét. [2] A reális veszélyt nagy valószínűséggel az úgynevezett taktikai atomfegyverek jelentik.
Fegyvertesztekkel a nagy műholdseregek ellen
Authors: Frey Sándor
Published: January 2025

A több mint hat évtizede folyó űrtevékenység során egy sor űrhatalom végzett már olyan műholdelhárítási tesztet, amely alkalmával egy a Földről indított rakéta segítségével eltalálta, és darabokra zúzta (fizikailag megsemmisítette) egy saját, már működésképtelenűreszközét. Az efféle tesztek célja annak demonstrálása, hogy adott esetben képesek lennének akár az ellenséges hatalmak Föld körüli pályán keringő eszközeinek a megsemmisítésére is. Szerencsére ilyen incidensre egyelőre nem került sor. De a közelmúltban telepíteni kezdett, akár több ezer vagy tízezer tagból álló, alacsony pályás műholdseregek, mint például a távközlési célú Starlink számára – közvetett módon – még egy látszólag tesztelési célú kinetikus műholdelhárítási esemény is súlyos következményekkel járhat. Egy ilyen alkalommal ugyanis számtalan kisebb-nagyobb törmelékdarab keletkezik a Föld körüli térségben, és az azokkal történő nagy sebességű ütközés végzetes károkat okozhat a műholdakban.
A huszita harci szekér
Authors: Tóth Dominik
Published: January 2025

A 15. század első felében a „huszita háborúk” borították lángba a Cseh Királyságot, és az azzal szomszédos területeket. A felkelők sikereinek kulcsa egy, a maga korában példa nélküli haditechnikai eszköz, a harci szekér volt. A szerző tanulmányában a huszita harci szekérről és annak alkalmazási lehetőségeiről ad részletes leírást.
Lighedsskabende arbejde i daginstitutionen – dilemmaer og blinde vinkler
Authors: Prins Karen , Saabye Christensen Kira , Hvid Thingstrup Signe , Aabro Christian
Published: January 2025

Denne artikel handler om pædagogers arbejde med ligestilling i daginstitutionen. Et arbejde som ofte omtales og genkendes af pædagoger som arbejdet med at skabe lige deltagelsesmuligheder for alle børn. Artiklen baserer sig på et forskningsprojekt, som har undersøgt, hvordan pædagoger forstår og går til arbejdet med ligestilling i daginstitutionen (2021-2022). I artiklen viser vi, hvordan dette arbejde kan inddeles i 4 forskellige pædagogiske tilgange og hvordan kategoriseringer af børn på baggrund af køn og etnicitet væver sig ind i dette arbejde. Ligeledes viser vi, hvordan arbejdet forbinder sig til dilemmaet mellem henholdsvis udpegning og synliggørelse af forskelle på den ene side (for at kompensere for ulighed) og nedtoning og usynliggørelse af forskelle på den anden side (for at møde alle børn lige). Vi afslutter artiklen med at pege på vigtigheden af at daginstitutionspædagoger får mulighed for at reflektere over de dilemmaer, som arbejdet med at skabe lige muligheder indebærer, så daginstitutionen ikke risikerer at understøtte og reproducere den ulighed, den forsøger at bekæmpe.
English abstract
Equity Work in Early Childcare – Dilemmas and Blind Angles
This article explores equity work by pedagogues in early childhood institutions (ECI) in Denmark. Based on a research project that investigated how pedagogues understand and tackle equity work in ECI’s (2021–2022), we distill four different pedagogical approaches in our analysis, and show how categorizations of children based on ethnicity and/or gender are woven into this work. Furthermore, we show how equity work is connected to the dilemma between categorization and recognition of differences on the one hand side (to compensate for inequality) and the downplaying of differences on the other hand (to treat everybody equal). We conclude by suggesting the need for professional reflections over the dilemmas that the ambition of equity entails, in order not to reproduce and support the inequality, that the pedagogical work aims to challenge.
The Cardamom Law and Postcolonial Re-readings in Times of War
Authors: Ursin Marit , Lyså Ida Marie
Published: January 2025

In this editorial, we explore the Cardamom Law through a postcolonial lens—scrutinising its convoluted origins, connotations and associations—to show how childhoods in the Nordic region are globally entangled.
Circadian Rhythm of the Phytoplankton Assemblage during a Spawning Season of Sardinops sagax caerulea in Bahía Magdalena, Baja California Sur, Mexico
Authors: I Gárate-Lizárraga , G Verdugo-Díaz , YB Okolodkov
Published: January 2025

The Magdalena-Almejas Lagoon System is considered an area of interest both from biological and fishing points of view. This
study deals with the variation of phytoplankton assemblages and total and partial cell abundance in three circadian cycles
during the winter of 1989. The results obtained showed that there are short timescale changes (circadian rhythms) in water
temperature, species composition, total and partial abundance, resulting from the tidal phase. Diatoms and dinoflagellates
were the most abundant taxonomic groups. In total, 99 species and infraspecific taxa from 60 genera were found: 79 diatoms,
14 dinoflagellates, 2 cyanobacteria, 2 silicoflagellates, an ebridean and an euglenophyte. Proliferation of some diatom species,
such as Eucampia zodiacus, Chaetoceros compressus, C. curvisetus, Coscinodiscus radiatus, Detonula pumila and the dinoflagellate
Prorocentrum koreanum, was responsible for the maximal phytoplankton abundances, the alternating dominance of size
fractions and the low species diversity. The remaining groups (cyanobacteria, silicoflagellates, ebrideans and euglenophytes)
were not well represented either in number of species or abundance. In general, the high availability of food (phytoplankton)
for sardine larvae during their reproductive period was noted; therefore, food is not a limiting factor for their development.
Effects of Methanolic Extract and Aqueous Fraction of Carica papaya Leaves on the Health and Zootechnical Performances of Farmed Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)
Authors: G Fonkwa , JP Longue Ekon , JG Makombu , MC Bogny Tsamo , A Kpoumie Nsangou , FJ Kametieu Djamou , M Tomedi Eyango , T Tchoumboue
Published: January 2025

To prevent and control fish diseases, medicinal plants are used as an alternative to synthetic chemicals which are ecological
unfriendly. This study aims to evaluate the effects of methanolic extract (ME) and aqueous fraction (AF) of Carica papaya
leaves on the epidemiological and zootechnical characteristics of Clarias gariepinus farming. A total of 240 Clarias gariepinus
fingerlings of 8.60±0.20g average weights and showing no clinical signs of pathology were distributed into duplicates in four
treatments namely T0 (control), T1(250 mg/l Oxytetracycline + 500 mg/l Potassium permanganate), T2 (3ml/l of water ME)
and T3 (3ml/l of water AF) of 60 fish per treatment. The evaluation of the epidemiological and zootechnical characteristics
after 90 days farming showed that out of the six clinical signs observed, 73.33% were anatomical (body trauma, dropsy,
disnopea), while 21.34% and 5.23% were physiological (body discoloration) and ethological (anorexia, vertical swimming)
respectively. Overall, the highest prevalence (p = 0.001) of pathology was observed at the control group (5.74%), followed
by AF (1.97%), the synthetic drugs (1.11.70%) and ME (0.80%). The condition factor varied insignificantly between the
treatments with the highest values (K>1) observed at the control treatment and AF. The mortality rate ranged from 5 (T1)
to 10.22% (T0) and was not significantly different among treatments. The ME recorded the highest (p > 0.05) average daily
weight gain (2.06±1.43 g/day) and productivity (3.180±1.589 kg/m3/day) but a moderate (p = 0.02) medicinal production
cost (0.841±0.332$/kg of fish).
A Case Report of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus in a Siberian Husky
Authors: A Klesse Neto , P Ruggero Errante
Published: January 2025

The discoid lupus erythematosus is a canine autoimmune disease that presents clinically in the form of erythema,
depigmentation, scaling, erosions/ulcers and scars on the nasal plane and proximal dorsal region of muzzle. A six-year-old
Siberian Husky with a history of pruritus, erythema, ulceration and depigmentation in the nasal region was served at a veterinary
service specializing in dermatology. A complete blood count and serum biochemistry, serology for canine leishmaniasis,
imaging tests (chest x-ray and abdominal ultrasound), and histopathology were requested. Hematobiochemical tests showed
results within normal standards for specie, and serological test for canine leishmaniasis was considered negative. The imaging
tests did not accused any changes in canine specie. The histopathological examination revealed the presence of interface
dermatitis, irregularly thickened epidermis and inflammatory infiltration at dermo-epidermal junction and interstitial edema.
Laboratory and imaging findings together with histopathological results contributed to the diagnostic definition of discoid
lupus erythematosus, an autoimmune skin disease rarely present in the routine of small animal veterinary clinics. The results
obtained in the study highlight the importance of identifying discoid lupus erythematosus in dogs to ensure correct treatment.
New Data on the Chronological and Chorological Composition, Structure, Distribution, and Biology of the Conservation of Algerian Carnivora (Mammalia)
Authors: M Ahmim , M Ziane , M Harzllah
Published: January 2025

New data on the chronological and chorological composition, structure, distribution, and biology of the conservation of
Algerian Carnivora (Mammalia). Information on the status of species at a regional scale is essential for effective conservation
planning. Algeria, the largest country in Africa in terms of surface area and with a large opening onto the Mediterranean Sea,
boasts a mammalian heritage of 111 species, of which only 19 species, or 17.11%, are carnivores, with the majority facing
threats. In this present work, we offer a global vision of the country's carnivore heritage, with a comparison of its structure and
composition according to a chronological evolution of contacts established during a historical period (18th century–2017) and
the most recent contacts (2017–2024). A chorological analysis with a distribution map with old and new locations throughout
the territory is carried out for each species, with mention of the state of conservation and heritage status. Our results show that
there is a significant level of decreasing or unknown numbers in 12 of the 19 carnivore species in Algeria, representing 63.14
percent of the total. The conservation status based on the IUCN Red List criteria at international and regional (Mediterranean)
levels shows that there are no CR (critically endangered) species at the global level, while four species are at the Mediterranean
level. Endangered species (EN) are represented at the Mediterranean level by Acinonyx jubatus ssp. Heckii. There are three
vulnerable species (VU) at the global level and a single species at the Mediterranean level; two are near threatened species
(NT) at the global level and three at the Mediterranean level; and the species that are least concern (LC) at the global level are
numbers 14 at the global level and 10 at the Mediterranean level. All these analyses give us an overview of demographic trends
and parameters for appropriate management and allow us to identify gaps in knowledge and priorities for research.
Forecast of the Number of Shark Attacks Globally and in Florida, United State of America
Authors: RR Osés , FY Zaita , DR Fimia
Published: January 2025

A forecast is made up to the year 2023 of shark attacks worldwide and in Florida, United States of America, using data
corresponding to the period 2007-2016, according to statistics reported in the newspaper "Rebel Youth", Sunday, November
12, 2017, which was taken from the International Shark Attack File (ISAF), for its acronym in English. For the statistical
modelling of the data, the methodology of Objective Regressive Regression (ORR) was used, due to its simplicity and speed in
obtaining the models. The mean number of shark attacks was 77 cases, with a standard deviation of 11 cases, of which six were
fatal, and a maximum of 13 fatal attacks have occurred in the history of this database. In the case of Florida, the mean number
of attacks was 24 attacks, with a standard deviation of approximately seven. The analysis of variance cannot show Fisher's F,
nor its significance, because the sum of squares of the residuals was zero; therefore, statistics involving division by zero must
be calculated. The coefficients of the model showed an upward trend at 3.7 attacks, where the model depends on attacks seven
years ago at the Global level. In the case of fatal attacks, the trend was decreasing, although not significant. The model for shark
attacks in the state of Florida explains 100% of the variance, with an error of 0.42 cases. Measures must be taken both globally
and in Florida to try to reduce both the number of shark attacks and shark fatalities, as well as to protect people and these
animals that play such an important role in the food chain.
Histopathology: an Ancient Technique for a New Insight in the Ecotoxicology
Authors: CE Fernandes
Published: January 2025

The biotic integrity of an ecological system is often
reflected in the health of the organisms that inhabit it. In
aquatic ecosystems, fish and amphibians, particularly those
species at the top of the food chain, are representative
bioindicators of the system’s overall health. In general,
aquatic organisms in their natural environments are
typically exposed to numerous stressors, includaing
adverse or fluctuating temperatures, poor water quality
and sediment loads, low dissolved oxygen concentrations,
limited food availability, and other episodic variables. In
addition, anthropogenic stressors such as contaminant
loads (e.g., agrochemical compounds) can add to the insults
already experienced by these organisms in many aquatic
systems. In this context, the histopathology is a singular tool
in ecotoxicological studies.
Adjustment of Amino Acids and Metabolizable Energy in Diets for High-Laying Brown Nick Hens under Heat Stress
Authors: L Rojas-Avendaño , S Arcos-González , R López-Pozos , H Santiago-Romero , JL Arcos-García , JG Gamboa-Alvarado
Published: January 2025

Heat stress causes hens to reduce feed intake, so the nutrient intake of the diet must be adjusted to meet nutritional needs.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of adjustment of amino acids and metabolizable energy in the feed on
the productivity of Brown Nick hens under heat stress. Sixty-three hens were used, of 22 weeks of age. Three diets were
tested: commercial, processed1, and processed2. The productive characteristics of the hens and their eggs were evaluated.
The experimental design used was a completely randomized block, with three treatments and seven replications. A stepwise
variable selection test was also used. Feed intake and feed conversion were higher (p < 0.01) in the concentrated feed in
relation to the processed feed. The laying percentage and total egg mass were similar (p > 0.05) in the concentrated and
processed2 treatments. The weight of the egg (g) was greater (p < 0.05) in the processed2 food compared to the processed1. It
is concluded that with respect to Brown Nick hens under heat stress conditions, the diet that showed the greatest improvement
in productivity was the feed adjusted in both metabolizable energy and amino acids.
Advances in Baculovirus Expression System and its Important Applications
Authors: F Lisan , K Ullah , S Siraj , A Akhtar , W Lai , X Wang
Published: January 2025

The Baculovirus Expression Vector System (BEVS) inserts foreign genes into insect cells using insect-specific baculoviruses.
This strong technique allows high-level recombinant protein expression and correct folding in eukaryotic conditions. For nearly
30 years, it has been a cornerstone of biological research and innovation. This system background and numerous applications
are covered in this overview. Baculovirus form, structure, replication mode, and host range are discussed. The ideas and
procedures of they are explained, emphasizing its gene delivery efficacy. We study they use in exogenous protein expression,
RNA interference, vaccine development, regenerative medicine, and restricted gene therapy in mammalian cells. BEVS plant
biotechnology potential is briefly highlighted. It,s biotechnological applications in protein production, biomanufacturing, gene
therapy, and vaccine development are also examined. Given system excellent protein expression efficiency, safety for humans
and plants, and scalability are objectively compared against its limited host range and laborious initial vector building. The
abstract continues with BEVS newest research and future directions, emphasizing its tremendous potential and the need for
continuing research to realize it.
A Case Report of Periodontal Disease in a Dog
Authors: R Alves Silva , P Ruggero Errante
Published: January 2025

Periodontal disease is the most common condition affecting the oral cavity of dogs, characterized by gingivitis and periodontitis,
caused by the presence of aerobic bacteria that accumulate on the surface of tooth in form of biofilm, subsequently favoring
the colonization and growth of anaerobic bacteria with pathogenic potential. In gingivitis, inflammation of gums occurs, and
in periodontitis, loss of epithelial adhesion, progressive bone loss and tooth mobility occur. Numerous factors are associated
with periodontal disease, such as race, age, dental arch occlusion disorders, retention of deciduous teeth and dental crowding.
The most common clinical signs of periodontal disease are halitosis and gum inflammation. The diagnosis is made through
direct visual examination, which can identify the presence of dental calculus deposition and gingival inflammation, and the use
of imaging tests such as radiography and computed tomography is essential. Surgical treatment consists of complete removal
of dental calculus, removal of unstable teeth and polishing of teeth. In this study, a report of periodontal disease was carried
out in a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel dog, which presented a large amount of supragingival dental calculus on all teeth. The
diagnosis was made through clinical signs, physical examination and computed tomography with 3D imaging. The treatment
was carried out by extraction of mobile teeth, removal of dental calculus and polishing of the teeth.
Organelle Adaptations in Plasmodium: The Targets for Malaria Treatments
Authors: M Moumaris
Published: January 2025

Some organelle adaptations that support survival
in the malaria parasite, Plasmodium, inside the life cycle
in vertebrates and mosquitoes include the endoplasmic
reticulum, mitochondrion, and apicoplast. This highly
unfolded endoplasmic reticulum supports high protein
synthesis for rapid parasite growth and replication. The
mitochondrion plays a crucial role in this parasite, driving
energy production and regulating metabolism. The apicoplast
is a relict plastid from secondary symbiosis from a red algalderived source, essential for lipid synthesis, isoprenoid
production, and fatty acid elongation. Providing metabolites
that are essential and not available from the host. Studies on
these organelles may lead to new therapies against diseases
like malaria and help resolve global health problems.
The Wheel of Life, and the Ideological Nemesis
Authors: C Jaime Hinzpeter
Published: January 2025

A century ago, during the 1920s, the world was reorganizing its geography and recovering from the First World War. Even
though almost no one includes the word eugenics in their argument, which seems more like a museum concept, remnants of
the past, as I mentioned before, sometimes do change their name, and opportunists take advantage of certain moments in
history to relaunch or insert an old concept, adorned with plumage that is ad hoc for the times. There are some false truths
that monopolized the world, it is true. Humanity has survived two world wars, the atomic bomb, the Holocaust and countless
other disasters.
It wouldn´t be impossible for a cybernetic triumvirate, in the near future, to take information from the cloud and applies
eugenics, a new and greater racial cleansing, to the entire human race, without distinction of country, religion or class.
Intranasal Capsaicin Treatment for Non Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: SS Göktaş
Published: January 2025

The diagnosis of nonallergic rhinitis, a type of chronic rhinitis, is made by excluding allergic and infectious rhinitis. There is
currently no specific method used in diagnosis. It has been determined that rhinitis symptoms occur in nonallergic rhinitis
through neuromediators secreted from the TRPV1 receptor located in the nerve endings of sensor c fibers in the nasal mucosa.
The initial effect of capsaicin, which acts in this way, is stimulation, while repeated doses are desensitization. Thus, with
repeated doses, capsaicin provides control of non-allergic rhinitis symptoms during a long refractory period (lasting several
months). Among the reasons why it has not yet come into widespread use are that it causes burning in the nasal mucosa in the
first doses, excessive secretion and low comfort, and the minimum effective dose has not yet been clearly determined. In order
for capsaicin to become widespread in the treatment of non-allergic rhinitis, studies are needed to determine its effectiveness
with low side effects.
Interactions that are Important to Our Practice
Authors: T Avramov
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Our body hosts a complex microbial community [microbiota] responsible for its development, optimal
functioning and health. We are constantly witnessing the emergence of new diseases caused by a large number of highly
pathogenic viruses. Viral diseases are one of the most important predictors of subsequent bacterial infection. At the same time,
we are seeing a worldwide increase in antibiotic use. Despite the fact that in the prevailing percentage terms it has no visible
adverse effect, the alteration of the human microbiota can have serious short-term or, worse, long-term consequences for our
health. The aim of the review is to trace the relationships between pathogenic viruses, bacteria and the human microbiota.
Conclusion: Cocirculation of respiratory pathogens can lead to competitive or cooperative forms of interaction between them.
Understanding how our interventions do not cause disruption of the balance of the human microbiota - reduced species
diversity, altered metabolic activity, stimulation of selection and sharing of genes responsible for AMR will allow us to adjust
strategies to treat infectious diseases. Knowing the interactions between commensal and opportunistic species will help us
determine the time when we need to switch from non-pharmacological to pharmacological interventions, preserving the
balance of the microbiota and that between it and the macroorganism, as well as reducing the rate of relapses. The right
combination of pharmacological, non-pharmacological and dietary interventions in the personalized treatment of patients
will allow us to reduce the unnecessary use of antibiotics and better control the risk in the course of diseases.
Angiosarcoma of the Nose- A Rare Case Report Emphasizing Atypical Site and Literature Review
Authors: Dahiya Rockey , Weiss Natalie , Patel Samip , Pirgousis Phillip
Published: January 2025

Angiosarcoma is a rare and aggressive malignant tumor primarily originating from blood and lymphatic vessels. While it
commonly arises from cutaneous sites like the scalp, atypical presentations, such as nasal involvement, pose significant
diagnostic challenges. This report presents the case of a 74-year-old male with a rapidly progressive violaceous mass on
the nasal sidewall, diagnosed as angiosarcoma. The patient had no history of trauma, radiation, or lymphedema. Biopsy
findings, along with immunohistochemical markers such as CD31, CD34, and D2-40, confirmed the diagnosis. The patient
underwent subtotal rhinectomy with bilateral selective neck dissection, followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. Post-treatment
follow-up showed no recurrence or metastatic disease. This case underscores the importance of considering angiosarcoma
as a differential diagnosis in atypical sites and highlights the benefits of early diagnosis and multimodal treatment, which
significantly improves survival rates. Further research is needed to establish clear guidelines for surgical margins and
comprehensive treatment strategies.