bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Authentication and Study of the Narration of Abū Bakr Al-Ṣiddīq in Giving Child Custody to the Grandmother after the Mother’s Marriage
Authors: Al-Haarithi Muslih
Published: March 2023

The research deals with the authentication and study of the narration of the two ministers of the Messenger of Allaah –peace and blessing be upon him-, Abū Bakr Al-Ṣiddīq and ‘Umar bin Al-Khattāb –may Allah be pleased with both of them- on who has the right to have the child’s custody, this happened when ‘Umar bin Khattāb divorced his wife Umm ‘Aasim Al-Ansāriyyah, and he attempted to take his child away from her. Abu Bakr then ruled that the right of the child custody belongs to the mother. The research resolves the ways of narration of the hadith from the hadith perspective, and from the analytical perspective, it analyzed the opinions of the four conventional schools of jurisprudence on the issue of child custody. The research findings concluded that the narration could be strengthened with is total ways of narration, hence, becoming “Hassan li ghayrihi” (good due to others), also the hadith has been accepted by the jurists in general. It relies on the extant of application according to them, and that the mother is  the most rightful to have child custody so far she has not remarried or left the place where the guardians of the child live, until the child (he/she) is grown up and capable of choosing for him/herself.
The Total Origins of the Scientific and practical combined perspectives In Surat Al-Anam Through Al-Manar interpretation(From the first to the tenth origin) An objective study
Authors: Issa Fakhir
Published: March 2023

This research is an explanation, and clarification of the complete scientific and practical principles of beliefs, virtues, and etiquette, as well as ritual and legal acts of worship, and the prohibitions that were mentioned in Surat Al-Ana’m. Sheikh Muhammad Rashid Rida worked on his interpretation to devise these complete principles, to show the axes of the surah and what it contains of rulings, and this in turn It is easy for the reader to reflect on the book of God, as the surat Al-Anaam is the surah of the doctrines, and if it is named the surahs of the Qur’an in a way that indicates what is included in each surah or the most important of it, this surah was called Surah Aqeed Al-Islam, or Surah al-Tawheed. It is detailed for the doctrine of monotheism with its evidence and to respond to the suspicions of unbelievers on monotheism and the consequent destruction of the structures of polytheism and undermine its pillars, and to prove the message and revelation and refute their suspicions, and to compel them to argue the Great Sign of God. It is the Qur'an that includes many verses of mental and scientific matters, and set out the functions of the Messenger and his call and gift in people of different classes and conditions, and for resurrection .And the reward, the promise and the promises, and the conditions and works of believers and unbelievers, and the origins of religion and its universal commandments in virtues and etiquette.
(Ideological opinions for Al-Imaam Sahl bin Abd-Allah Altostery in the judiciary and destiny –Collection and Study)
Authors: Khadir Mohammed , Hamad Khayal
Published: March 2023

This paper (Ideological opinions for Al-Imaam Sahl bin Abd-Allah Altostery in the judiciary and destiny – Collection and Study) is divided  into two  parts that was preceded with (Definition of the judiciary and destiny in language and idiom ,The difference between them and rank of destiny) andI divided  this research into tree demands In first demand I showed definition of the judiciary and destiny in language and in idiom, in second demand  Difference between the judiciary and destiny while in third demand the rank of destiny.

The second research  (Ideological opinions for Al-Imaam Sahl bin Abd-Allah Altostery in the judiciary and destiny) that was divided into tree demand.

In first demand I showed opinions for Al-Imaam Sahl bin Abd-Allah Altostery in thefaith with judiciary and destiny, In the second demand opinions for Al-Imaam Sahl bin Abd-Allah  Altostery  about god will  faith with judiciary and destiny while In third demand was about opinions for Al-Imaam  Sahl bin Abd-about chosing the things, run them and  rulling  them by god.

I was finished the study by conclusion that has contained all important   results in this study then follewe the conclusion with references.
The Prophet’s Approach in Bringing up Girls and its Impact on Establishing Human Values
Authors: Jameel Muhanad
Published: March 2023

This study aims to: Explain the importance of following the Prophetic method in raising girls and its impact on building human values.

     The reason for choosing the research is that the issue of bringing up girls constitutes a great intellectual and social space, and the loss of their religious and social rights, in addition to the bad treatment of girls, and their lack of equality with males in education and appreciation.

      The problem of the research: This study came to clarify the problem of “women’s education” by answering the question: Is there a text from the Holy Qur’an or the Prophet’s Sunnah that prohibits girls’ education?

      The limits of the research: The Prophet, peace be upon him, paid great attention to the education of girls and boys, and he singled out girls by directing practical messages, and setting the right approach in building the personality of a righteous woman, and taking several methods in preparing her, in terms of her education, ideologically, morally, culturally and scientifically, and developing human values ​​in her; Because it is the nucleus of society

      Research plan: The research is divided into an introduction, a preface and four sections, then a conclusion that contains the most important results and then recommendations are presented.
The Approach of Prof. Dr. Imad El-Din Khalil in Employing the Texts of the Noble Qur’an and Their Purposes in His Historical and Intellectual Works: A Descriptive study
Authors: Al- Habar Maha
Published: March 2023

Professor thinker Imad Al-Din Khalil is considered as a pioneering knight in the field of contemporary Islamic thought and history. The researcher wants to shed light on his advocacy culture, and the purposes of the verses of the Noble Qur’an that he has defined and employed in his historical and intellectual works, and to clarify his method in the scientific research, for which the researcher named this paper: Prof. Dr. Imad El-Din Khalil's Approaches in Employing the Texts of the Noble Qur’an and Their Purposes in His Historical and Intellectual Works - descriptive study- The most significant results that this paper has concluded is that: Prof. Dr. Imad Al-Din Khalil has a remarkable methods in employing the purposes of the Holy Qur’an and Qur’anic texts in explaining the historical movement in the Holy Qur’an, by comparing it with the man-made doctrines, also he prepared a clear plan for that. In addition he followed the approach of topical interpretation of the Qur’anic verses in various issues Including: moral values in the Noble Qur’an, evidence of Qur’anic miracles, dealing with nature, the Qur’an’s combat strategy, and many others; He collected these Qur’anic texts, analyzed them, and used them to build the Islamic intellectual mind. In order to achieve the supreme goal of human existence on earth, and for Muslims to prevail every time and years.
The Narrators who were Mentioned by Al-Dahabi in his Book Al-Kashif (Youjhal): A Critical Study
Authors: Wagaa Muthana
Published: March 2023

This paper: the narrators whom Al-Dhahabi said in Al-Kashef (ignoring them) a critical study), contains the study of a group of (13) narrators who studied the life of Imam Al-Dhahabi  in brief, in terms of his name, ancestry, surname, birth, death, and books, and scholars who had praised him. It also included the study of the narrators arranged according to the letters of the dictionary; the study tackles the narrators by mentioning the full name of the narrator and mentioning his surname and title, if any, as well as his description and whoever narrated it. Then the speech of Imam Al-Dhahabi about him, followed by a study of the status of that narrator with criticism  and the modification. Then the most prior and proper statement in his case is stated. The results are mentioned the main sources and references that the researcher referred to (get benefit from it in the search), and God guide to the straight path.
(Ideological Opinions for Al-Imaam Sahl bin Abd-Allah Altastory in the faith : A Collection and Study)
Authors: Khadir Mohammed , Hamad Khayal
Published: March 2023

The present study is divided into (Ideological opinions for Al-Imaam Sahl bin Abd-Allah Altostery in the faith – Collection and Study) into two study parts that are preceded by (Altostery’s sayings about the faith as in: working, intention, Sunna as well as increasing and decreasing of the faith ). The researcher has divided  this research into three demands. In first demand the paper posited the definition of faith in language and in idiom while in second demand shows Altostery’s saies about the faith as in, working, intention and Sunna. In third demand the increasing and decreasing of faith as Altostery says.

The second research (The relationship between the faith and the Islam as Altostery says) that was divided into tree demand.

In first demand the paper showed endorsement in Islam and certainly in  faith as Altostery says, In the second demand Altostery includes identifying between the faith and Islam when they meet. The third demand is about Altostery sayings about the faith.

  the study ends with conclusion that has contained all important results of this study then followed with references.
Narratives of the companion Ruwayfa bin Thabit (may God be pleased with him) in the nine books - an analytical study-
Authors: Arif Hazim
Published: March 2023

The Prophet (may God bless him and grant him peace) has conveyed to us what was revealed to him from his Lord, and he explained to the honorable Companions all the rulings of the Islamic religion, and the Companions (may God be pleased with them) in turn conveyed this great religion to those who came after them from among the followers.

Perhaps one of these distinguished companions is the great companion, Ruwafa’ bin Thabit al-Ansari, whom the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) preached about his long life and told him that people will change after him and return to some matters of ignorance, so this great companion took it upon himself Like the rest of the Companions, people should be informed of what the Messenger of Truth and the elite of creation (may God bless him and grant him peace) told them, including the permissibility of partnership in things, especially during jihad There is a fear that the common thing will be spoiled if it is divided, and it is also clear that people will do things that people used to do in the pre-Islamic era, including wrapping the beard for the purpose of arrogance or pride, as the polytheists used to do before Islam and that God made spoils for the fighters lawful and good, but not It is permissible for a fighter to take something from the booty before it is divided.
The opinion of Sheikh Al-Shaarawi (T.: 1419 AH) on the suspicions raised about the custody of men over women
Authors: Younes Nour , Shehab Mohamed
Published: March 2023

Women’s issues are among the most controversial issues in the intellectual and political milieu in the Arab world, and among these issues is the issue of men’s guardianship over women. The guardianship of family affairs granted by Islam to men is one of God’s blessings on humans, as it is appropriate for both men and women. This is because of the traits that both genders are endowed with, and also because of the innate predispositions they have. This is what the enemies of Islam did not understand, so they tried to distort the Islamic religion by casting doubts on it in direct or indirect ways, misleading the woman that they were sympathetic to her and pity her matter. But they bury her torment, all because of their lack of understanding of the meaning of guardianship and its legal controls, and our distinguished scholars have ensured the response to Such suspicions, including Sheikh Muhammad Metwally Al-Shaarawi, "may God have mercy on him", who wrote many books related to women, and the researcher mentioned his opinion on this suspicion in detail in this research, and I also included some statements of Muslim thinkers. This study also mentioned the sayings of some Westerners regarding Islam’s honoring of women in this stewardship. So that at the conclusion of the research we will invalidate the statements of the secularists regarding this suspicion, and that Islamic law honors women and raises their status with this stature. This research has been organized into three sections.
The Sound Effect in the Discourse of the Angels (peace be upon them) Selected models from the Holy Qur’an)
Authors: Ragab Hammam , Ghani Mona
Published: March 2023

The study is conducted to clarify the sound effect and its flow within the linguistic text and to give its phonetic value to the determinants of the text and raise the meaning towards the recipients. It gives an extension of it in its area in which it is established within the context, and what is associated with it from the indication of the director and the characteristic that exemplifies that wave spectrum and from the linguistic studies that have emerged. The studies are concerned with the conditions of the interlocutors and the signs and motives of the discourse, and what is obtained from the rhetorical process and standing on the most important elements on which it is based the discourse between the interlocutors (the sender + the message + the recipient) and how to direct the speech in a way that its intent is understandable to the recipient, so the speech of the angels (peace be upon them) is the focus of the research and its main foundations.
The Case of Incest: A Comparative legal Jurisprudence Study
Authors: Hussein Talal
Published: March 2023

Islamic legislations clarified what is valid for marriage and what is suitable for a marriage contract. God has made it clear in the Qur’an, and the Holy Prophet also clarified that in authentic hadiths. Accordingly, incest is a guilt that necessitates the punishment for adultery. And the prohibition of committing its preludes and causes and approaching it; and the prohibition of things that are close to it as well, such as mixing, singing, dancing, drugs and intoxicants and the like. By considering it one of the greatest immoralities and one of the greatest sins, and comparing it with polytheism with God Almighty and killing souls.

Islamic legislation intends from that to protect one’s honor and protect it from corruption and disruption and interference, because pure symptoms require happy peacefulness in the family. Incest is forbidden and is not accepted by the human soul and in all heavenly religions.
From the Views of the Grammatical Correction in the Famous Explanations of Sahih Al-Bukhari
Authors: Hamash Ezzat
Published: March 2023

This research is an attempt to explain the efforts of hadith commentators in revealing the meaning, especially the functional meaning of prepositions, as well as showing the semantic benefit of the phenomenon of justice in letters. The preposition which is expressing a connotation other than its original, well-known connotation in response to the purposes of the noble hadith, following the approach of grammarians and commentators in directing the connotation of prepositions, The choice is made on the famous explanations because of the linguistic and semantic significance of these explanations, which embodied the depth of knowledge of their owners in the structure of the internal (linguistic) and external (maqami) context, as well as the semantic purpose derived from the context signification, and what contributed to the meaning of the hadith context in directing its meaning according to The intended objective is the denotation of prepositions, which the research proved that the explanations of the commentators which revealed that they have a clear effect on the performance of the meaning, whether they express their original connotations or the meanings of justice as a result of expanding their connotations.
The Approach of Abi Abd al-Rahman Ismail al-Darir al-Nisaburi in the interpretation of the verses of Rulings in his interpretation (Adequacy in Interpretation) - Analytical study
Authors: Hamad Hind , Muhammad Omar
Published: March 2023

The Holy Qur’an is the first legislative source for the verses of the rulings. There are noble verses in its great surah that dealt with various aspects of the lives of Muslims. The interpretations of the verses of the rulings had a great impact in directing the rulings of Islamic jurisprudence and its principles, especially since the interpreters’ approaches varied in dealing with the interpretation of the verses of the rulings. Intolerance to a specific group and defended it, some of which expanded and compared the schools of jurisprudence, and some of them dealt with the interpretation of verses in their Qur’anic context. (d. 430 AH) in his interpretation (Enough in Interpretation). The aim of which was to direct consideration of how to study the verses of rulings in the Noble Qur’an by deducing legislative jurisprudence rulings, and the research was divided into three demands: The first requirement: the definition and interpretation of the Nesaburi blind, the second requirement: A Brief on the Verses of Judgments and the Differences of Scholars in Their Judgment, The Third Requirement: The Approach of the Blind Nesaburi in Interpreting Verses of Judgments in (Sufficiency in Interpretation).
Opinions of Al-Kamal Ibn Al-Hamam (d. 681 ah) On the Issue of the Homes of the Hereafter - A Comparative Study -
Authors: Abdullah Hiba , Ibraheem Mohamed
Published: March 2023

Praise is to Allah Almighty, Lord of the worlds, and the blessings and peace of Allah Almighty is upon our Prophet Muhammad and his family and companions.

   My research  is titled (the opinion of al-Kamal ibn al-Hamam (D.681 AH) on the issue of the homes of the hereafter - a comparative study -) in which I dealt with the personal opinions from the doctrinal point of view, and I found that it expanded in the narration of opinions with invoking evidence from the Holy Qur’an and the purified Sunnah of the Prophet, and sometimes evidence from Reason and discuss its opponents in all scientific ways and put examples for clarification, giving preference to what he deems appropriate.

   Al-Kamal ibn al-Hamam - may Allah Almighty have mercy on him - established the issue of the stages of the Hereafter and the necessity of believing in them as Allah Almighty told  in his book and told it on the authority of His Messenger, such as the scale, the basin, the path, the conditions of heaven and hell, and other things that are proven in the book or the Sunnah, in general and in detail, and all of that is within In belief in the Last Day, which is the fifth pillar of the six pillars of faith, and no one's faith is valid if he does not believe in the Last Day.
The Approach of Immigrants and Supporters (may Allah be pleased with them) in building the individual and Society and its Impact on Facing Challenges
Authors: AL-hayani Amna , Al-Azzawi Khamis
Published: March 2023

Talking about the generation of honorable companions, including immigrants and supporters, means talking about the lofty generation of this nation, who have highlighted the features of Islam as a faith in accordance with it and creation in its best form, because of the qualities of their eligibility to be a supreme example of this nation throughout history. Talking about their qualities, may God be pleased with them, the researcher do not only mean talking about historical or cognitive aspects, but to talk  about an approach that restores the individual's role in reviving life and the development of reality with his thought, knowledge and instilling the spirit of human civilization again.

Modern intellectual approaches have always taken over the reality of societies in general and Islamic societies in particular, and put the individual facing a wave of challenges and at a crossroads in completing his march towards the reform approach, which our master Muhammad, peace be upon him, has drawn within the method of succession method, which is the function of architecture of the earth  intellectually, cognitively and urbanely Supporters, as role models or guides, were characterized by qualifications that qualify them to lead the world with their thought and methods; because they represented Islam with the best representation, and were able to carry out a civilizational renaissance similar to the elements and attributes of their family to rebuild individuals and societies over time. The main motivation is to proceed with this project and make it a master's thesis project; in order to show this bright aspect of the history of this nation and show it to the reality of the individual and society today .
Dividing the fundamentalist schools into theorists and jurists between the advanced and the later "Inductive and Analytical Study"
Authors: Mohammad Ali , Gharib Uthman
Published: March 2023

Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and prayers and peace be upon our master Muhammad, and upon all his family and companions. As for what follows:

There is no doubt that the science of history in every field has a lot of benefits, and many useful details as well, by which the news of the predecessors is known, and those who came from the later ones benefit from it.

Undoubtedly, the science of origins also has useful features, and interesting news, so scholars have been interested in codifying and writing it, so classifications abounded, and authors varied.

Among those who were interested in this imam is Ibn Khaldun, where he held a chapter on the sciences and their types, and made chapter five of it on the principles of jurisprudence and related controversies and controversies. And the majority of the fundamentalists of contemporary scholars understood from his words his classification of schools into: the school of the speakers (the public school), and the school of jurists (the Hanafi school).These two terms existed before and after Imam Ibn Khaldun, but did they mean by the theologians: the doctrine of the majority? Their imam was Imam al-Shafi’i, and they wanted the jurists: the Hanafis?

 What is meant by the theologians: everyone who engages in doctrine and participates in the discourse in the principles of jurisprudence, even if he is a Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi’i, Hanbali or Zahiri.

And the expressions of Imam Ibn Khaldun are valid for what this science came to after the spread of the books of the theologians. The impact of the schools of jurisprudence from the Malikis, Shafi’is and Hanbalis to the Hanafis, and from here arose the doctrine of the masses, which is often called the doctrine of the theologians. And in order to reach the correct conclusion - we acknowledge for the sake of argument - that the words of Imam Ibn Khaldun do not exist, so how do we explain and mention the history of the principles of jurisprudence and its methods to this day. Therefore, it is obligatory upon the scholars of the assets, the most distinguished and distinguished, to explain to the seeker of knowledge this issue, for they are better than others in explaining what they want, and clarifying the approach of their books.
Issues Affecting the Enhancement of Family and Community security
Authors: Ibrahim Farman
Published: March 2023

It is not hidden to anyone the importance of the family in all societies as it is the first building block in the formation of society, as it is not possible to imagine a human society without it. From this point of view, the maintenance of the family and maintaining its security is the first step in the right direction to build a safe and cooperative society that contributes to serving itself and supporting societies. Others have civilized values and worldly benefits.
Views on the Methodology of Harmonizing between wholeness of time and wholeness of Sharia and faith
Authors: Al-Samarrai Ihab
Published: March 2023

This research paper is an attempt to lay down a methodological framework for controlling the balances of dealing with the challenges facing Islamic jurisprudence by drawing a set of methodological schemes that are represented by looking at cases of tensions between faculties and parts. To overcome a methodological defect, the most prominent of which is the case of the segmentation, which is represented by inferring the partial text and leaving other texts that may restrict its release and specialize its generalisation and interpretation of its entireness, as well as the partial inference and symptoms about the whole.

We explained in the research the methodological pathways that control the instances of tension and how to harmonize them with the texts of Sharia in a way that does not contradict or isolate

Then we came to many proven results at the end of the research.
The Hadith of the man who said during Al-Hajj: Is it every year? Then he said: “If I had said yes, it would be an obligatory one”: An essentially Modern Study
Authors: Mohammad Ali , Gharib Uthman
Published: March 2023

Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and prayers and peace be upon our master Muhammad, and upon all his family and companions.

There is no doubt that the science of jurisprudence and hadith is one of the most important sciences of Islamic law. It is so because at the first: it controls the methods of deduction, ijtihad, and knowledge of the legal ruling in a correct manner At the second instance: it distinguishes what is accepted from what is rejected from hadiths.

Among the most prominent of these hadiths that were inferred by the fundamentalists, and the inference was repeated in more than one issue: It is the hadith of a man who asked the Messenger of God about Hajj: is it every year? The Messenger of God remains silent until the man repeated saying his question three times. The Messenger of God said: If I had said: Yes, it would have been obligatory, and when you were able, then he said: You have left me what I left, but those who were before you were the most like their question and their disagreement on their prophets, for you, for you are, for God.

This is how in most of the narrations, and it was also mentioned in Al-Bukhari and in one of the narrations of Muslim on the second part only.  So  many fundamentalists used them as if they were two hadiths, and the second half might be mentioned only as Imam Al-Nawawi in his forty years, but are they two hadiths or one hadith? Or is the first reason for the arrival of the second hadith? Or the

Then we gathered the issues that were inferred by the fundamentalists, with some additional information, and clarified the implications of the words affecting it, and we stand on them with some analysis, and our last prayer is that praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds.
Jurisprudential Adaptation of the Ration of Habituations and its Implications
Authors: Bin Ali Hanan
Published: March 2023

This paper deals with the jurisprudential adaptation of the conditioning share and its implications. This paper consists of an introduction, three chapters, and a conclusion. In the introduction the researcher has dealt with the problem of the research, its importance, its methodology, the study questions, its tools, and the research plan. The first topic contains explaining the concept of the accessory division and its characteristics, the second topic in the jurisprudential adaptation of the accessory division and its types, and the third topic in mentioning the effects of the accessory division. Among the most important findings of the study: that dividing the provided money is one of the common types of money, and its forms are objects that cannot be divided, and the partners sometimes resort to taking turns to benefit from it, without dividing it, because one or some of them is unable to provide the price of the common property, or refuses Some partners to sell it, and the adaptive division varies into consensual division, forced division, spatial division, and temporal division
The Punishment of Adultery in Islamic law and Iraqi law: A contrastive Study
Authors: Farhan Shukr
Published: March 2023

This paper deals with explaining the definition of adultery in language and Sharia، the extent of the limit for adultery and the evidence for prohibition. It also shows the limit of the unmarried adulterer in Islamic law and the limit of the married adulterer in Islamic law. The researcher then talked about the limit of adultery in Islamic law، compared to the punishment issued by the Iraqi Penal Code of 1969. A comparative study is conducted and arrived at consequences of both that: If adultery spreads in a nation، then it withers away and its population decreases، and there some scientist who state that adulterers must be stoned for a hundred times and their skin is probably thrown also.
The Readings Described By Imam Al-Tabari (Not Permissible) In The Interpretation Of Jami’ Al-Bayan - Collection And Study
Authors: Khalaf Shallal
Published: March 2023

Imam al-Tabari, may Allah have mercy on him (310 AH), is considered one of the encyclopedic scholars. Besides being an exegete, he delved into the subject of Qur’anic readings. He transmitted the Qur’anic readings in his interpretation and their aspect, and some of them were stated by saying that they are not permissible even though they were narrated from the seven or ten imams, and that is due to his weighting of the Evidence and clues on which he based his ruling on the readings, even if the imams recited differed in that, and the research was divided into two sections: the first topic, in which the words he said (not permissible) were presented in the nouns, and the second section of the words that he described as (unallowable) in the verbs in Its interpretation is Jami’ al-Bayan in the interpretation of the Qur’an, so as I mentioned above, it was judged according to the most likely evidence for it, even though it contradicted the transmission of the recitations by the imams, even though they transmitted the readings with mutawatir, and the correctness of its guidance was mentioned in the books of arguments for the readings. and interpretation.
The Effect of Using the Cooperative Learning Strategy on Developing Critical thinking Among second-grade students in the Intermediate school in Islamic Education
Authors: Muhammad Jalal
Published: March 2023

The present study aimed at investigating the effect of using the cognitive modeling strategy in developing the rational thinking in the second grade students in Islamic education. The experimental design (partial control) was selected for two equal groups (experimental and control). Day schools, within the district of Baiji / villages AL- Boutama and Al-hijaj deliberately as a field of experiment. The research sample consisted of (60) students, randomly distributed, and consisted of (30) students for each group and for the safety of the research rewarded the researcher among the research groups in some variables that may be influence in the independent variable (such as chronological age of the students,  test, and grades the first course of the Islamic Education).

The scientific material of the research was determined by the subjects (7, 8, 9, 10 and 11) of the book of Islamic education scheduled for the second intermediate grade 2018-2019, and (25) behavioral objectives were identified, and the researcher prepared the teaching plans for the two groups.
The Regulation of Songs and Their Relationship to Recreation and Entertainment According to Islamic Sharia
Authors: Hussein Ihsan
Published: March 2023

In essence the worship of Allah Almighty aims at refining the human soul and elevating it to perfection, but not depriving it. The philosophy of recreation and entertainment is governed by the rules of Islam based on "respecting time, investing it in what is beneficial, and exploiting it properly without tampering or loss." The characteristics of recreation and entertainment in Islam are; slavery to  Allah  Almighty, and making a balance in the different aspects of the human soul. Recreation have great purposes, including: renewal of activity, removing tension, showing the tolerance of Islam, strengthening the means of social communication, and achieving emotional and psychological balance. They bring pleasure and fun to the souls of practitioners.
The Phenomenon of Nonbelief and Methods to Confront It
Authors: Hassan Ayad
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Atheism is not a new problem, rather its existence starts from the beginnings of humanity, and it covers each and every thought related to denying the existence of the Creator of this universe, Glory be to Him, whether it was with the forerunners of secularism or with those who came after them from the Communists and Marxists. And dealing with it superficially, the Western terms falling under secularism, modernity and freedom are terms that serve external parties whose goal is to strike religious beliefs. The prevention of suspicions by rooting the sense of faith in the Muslim community through absolute faith in Allah Almighty is the best protection from the danger of atheism and the suspicions that are raised against the religion. The duty of the official authorities in Islamic countries is to make special channels well prepared to repel suspicions and what is raised by the enemies of the religion, to be an explanation for the people for fear of falling into these suspicions. The Holy Qur’an and the Prophet’s Sunnah are the fortified shield for every believer Muslim if he reflects on the Qur’an and the purified Sunnah. The relationship of religion with science is a strong one; it is not like what is ranged by the enemies of religion. Rather, the Holy Qur’an urges learning, reflection and induction. Calling to Allah or going to an intellectual, doctrinal and moral decline, Allah forbid.
Islamic instruments and their effectiveness in satisfying the needs of Iraqi society - selected applications -
Authors: Zainal Abidin Muhammad
Published: March 2023

Banks provide their customers with a variety of services, either to finance their projects, or to satisfy their needs. Islamic banks are distinguished from commercial banks in their choice of financial services and transactions that satisfy those needs, and provide capital for projects in accordance with Islamic law. Among these transactions are: (Islamic instruments) that can be applied in Iraqi society to meet the need for transportation, housing and academic study.going to an intellectual, doctrinal and moral decline, Allah forbid.
Explanation of ‘an annotation on the Lamps of the Sunnah by Imam Al-Harawi, may Allah Almighty have mercy on him: A Study and Investigation)
Authors: Ismail Haneen , Abd Anwar
Published: March 2023

In the summary of my research, which came under the title “Explanation of a footnote on lamps by Imam Al-Harawi - may God Almighty have mercy on him” (study and investigation). Therefore, this paper sheds light on the personal life of the two imams - may God have mercy on them - and that it starts from their introduction to their most important works and their introduction.
A study of the Rational Good and Unpleasant Saying in the Best Speech According to Imam Ibn Baziza al-Maliki (no.: 662 AH)
Authors: Hassan Marwa , Hamad Khayal
Published: March 2023

Topics like being good, the ugliness, and the best deeds are among the subjects of belief that all people have taken care of, ancient and modern, and the difference has been talked about.  Everything, and that the reference of everything in this universe, including the actions of the servants, is to Him alone, and that the guidance and humiliation of creation is in His hand, Glory be to Him.  It also declares his anger and hatred for the offenders among them, and that good and ugliness are fixed to the mind as the Mu'tazila went and depended on the Shari'a as the Ash'aris went, and the Mu'tazila held that the best action of their servants must be done by God , and if he does not do the best, he has wronged them;  But they differed in that on two sayings: The Mu'tazila of Baghdad said that the best action for their servants is obligatory in religion and this world.  The fittest was an obligation upon God Almighty when He created them;  Because they are not in his interest, but corrupt the right of the slave.  Because they are a reason for punishment in this world and the hereafter, and Ibn Baziza – may God have mercy on him – said that good and ugliness are not realized except with the law.  It is better if he is absent for them to entrust him with a witness.  Because they consider the absent as the witness, and it is also obligatory for them, if they enjoin what is best for God, to enjoin supererogatory actions on slaves;  Because it is more suitable in their right than leaving it to the great reward for it.
Possibilities of Forming Empathic Reactions in Children with ASD
Authors: Pervushina O. N. , Gileva D. I.
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this work was to analyze the possibilities of formation and manifestation of empathy in people with ASD. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V), the deficit of socio-emotional reciprocity, which includes a reduced exchange of interests, emotions and affection, is defined as one of the diagnostic criteria of ASD.The analysis of papers covering this topic has shown that a decrease in empathic manifestations in people with ASD may be associated with unexplored relationships between the affective stimuli and corresponding empathic reactions. To correct this mismatch, a training program aimed at the formation of appropriate vocal and motor reactions in response to affectively charged situations presented was developed. Diagnostics of the initial level of empathic response showed that the main deficiency behind the lack or weak development of empathy is the inability to correlate the context of the situation and the relevance of a certain reaction (even if this reaction is present in the behavioral repertoire).The implementation of our program showed that 7–8-year-old children with autism can learn to demonstrate socially significant empathic response skills in pre-game conditions, and that these skills can extend to situations and toys not intended for learning, as well as situations in natural conditions. It is connected with the possibility of correlating the context and the relevance of a certain reaction. In other words, we can conclude that empathic response is available for children with ASD.At the same time, we came to a conclusion that people with ASD are characterized by an inconsistency in manifestation of affective reactions, including empathic ones, which predetermines difficulties in other people’s perceiving of such manifestations. Consistency in the manifestation of empathic response implies the contextual unity of eye contact, facial expressions, intonation accompaniment, and vocal and motor manifestations. As the results of this study show, we can help children and adults with ASD to show contextual components of the empathic response. The integration of empathic manifestations into a coordinated affective response was not observed in this study. To what extent such integration is fundamentally achievable and what are the ways and prospects for the formation of a coordinated empathic response is a question for future research.
Ações de palhaçoterapia e efeitos de variação fisiológica em pacientes renais em hemodiálise
Authors: Ramalho Cibele Lopes de Santana , Silva Liniker Scolfild Rodrigues da , Felix Juliana Damião Farias , Silva Roberto Bezerra da , Santos Jéssica Lucia dos , Gomes Rafaela Milena dos Santos Severo , Gomes Bruno Severo
Published: March 2023

Objetivo: Analisar as ações de palhaçoterapia e efeitos de variação fisiológica em pacientes renais em hemodiálise. Métodos: Trata-se de um ensaio clínico controlado e randomizado, conduzido com 27 indivíduos, de ambos os sexos, que realizavam hemodiálise em um hospital da rede pública de Pernambuco e foram aleatoriamente distribuídos nos grupos intervenção e controle. Para as análises inferenciais foram usados os testes Wilcoxon e Mann-Whitney, todos com o nível de significância de 5%. As informações dos testes foram geradas no pacote estatístico SPSS versão 20 (2011). O estudo foi aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: Dos resultados obtidos, apresenta-se uma maior prevalência do sexo feminino 59,3%, são solteiros e residem com familiares 48,1%. O acesso inicial fistula 66,7%, não relatam dor/incômodo 66%. A palhaçoterapia contribui nas sessões de hemodiálise, melhora o humor do paciente (12,5%). Não foram identificadas modificações para sintomas depressivos. A frequência cardíaca apresentou o resultado esperado diminuição nos valores no grupo intervenção (p <0.003). Conclusão: Conclui-se que a palhaçoterapia apresentou reações positivas em pacientes em hemodiálise, contribui para a realização da hemodiálise e possui efeitos na diminuição da frequência cardíaca.
Diagnósticos de enfermagem NANDA-I para crianças e adolescentes com câncer em cuidados paliativos
Authors: Sousa Amanda Danielle Resende Silva e , Silva Liliane Faria da , Cavalcanti Ana Carla Dantas , Góes Fernanda Garcia Bezerra , Nunes Michelle Darezzo Rodrigues , Moraes Juliana Rezende Montenegro Medeiros de
Published: March 2023

Objetivo: Mapear e validar diagnósticos de enfermagem da NANDA-I para crianças e adolescentes com câncer em cuidados paliativos hospitalizados. Métodos: Mapeamento cruzado entre os termos presentes nas evoluções dos enfermeiros e o Sistema de Linguagem Padronizada dos diagnósticos de enfermagem da NANDA-I. A amostra foi constituída por 57 prontuários de crianças e adolescentes com câncer em cuidados paliativos exclusivos que estiveram hospitalizados, no período de janeiro de 2008 a dezembro de 2018. Os diagnósticos mapeados foram validados por cinco juízes especialistas, utilizando-se o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo. Resultados: Foram identificados 333 termos nos prontuários, dos quais 158 foram incluídos no mapeamento através da análise de combinação exata ou parcial com as características definidoras, fatores relacionados e condições associadas presentes nos diagnósticos da NANDA-I. Assim, foram mapeados 80 diagnósticos de enfermagem, dos quais 71 foram validados pelos juízes e 9 recusados. Conclusão: Na prática clínica os diagnósticos de enfermagem validados podem contribuir para organização do Processo de Enfermagem direcionado a população de crianças e adolescentes com câncer hospitalizados, auxiliando no raciocínio clínico permitindo aos enfermeiros definir diagnósticos mais acurados.
The entire periodic table in one droplet - semiquantiative analysis for high-speed mapping applications using LA-ICP-TOFMS
Authors: Metarapi Dino , Jerse Ana , Schweikert Andreas , Schaier Martin , van Elteren Johannes , Koellensperger Gunda , Theiner Sarah , Sala Martin
Published: March 2023

Laser ablation (LA) in combination with inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ICP-TOFMS) enables monitoring of elements from the entire mass range for every pixel, regardless of the isotopes of interest for a certain application. This provides non-targeted multi-element (bio-)imaging capabilities and the unique possibility to screen for elements that were initially not expected in the sample. Quantification of a large range of elements is limited as the preparation of highly multiplexed calibration standards for (bio-)imaging by LA-ICP-(TOF)MS is challenging. In this study, we have developed a workflow for semiquantitative analysis by LA-ICP-TOFMS based on multi-element gelatin micro-droplet standards. A library of response factors was constructed based on 72 elements for the semiquantitative calculations. The presented method was evaluated in two stages, (i) on gelatin samples with known elemental concentrations and (ii) on real-world samples that included prime examples of bioimaging (mouse spleen and tumor tissue). The developed semiquantification approach was based on 10 elements as calibration standards and provided the determination of 136 nuclides of 63 elements, with errors below 25% and for half of the nuclides below 10%. A web application for quantification and semiquantification of LA-ICP(-TOF)MS data was developed and a detailed description is presented to easily allow others to use the presented method.
Additive Manufacturing of Hierarchically Porous Silicon-based Ceramics: 3D Printing Black Glass with Unimodal, Bimodal, and Trimodal Porosity.
Authors: Norouzi Ahmad , Paull Brett , Gupta Vipul
Published: March 2023

Silicon-based ceramics offer unique chemical and mechanical properties, gaining their hierarchically porous structures considerable attention over the years to advance various fields. Hence, a new resin system has been developed to precisely control the size and distribution of pores in silicon-based ceramics while allowing their high-resolution photopolymerisation-based 3D printing. The ability to control pore size and distribution of 3D printed ceramics by simply incorporating one or more of the above-mentioned resin components was explored by 3D printing silicon oxycarbide micro-structures, such as microneedles, with unimodal (micropores), bimodal (micro- and mesopores), and trimodal (micro-, meso-, and macropores) porosity. The resin system allowed precise modulation of pore sizes ranging from 1 nm to 200 nm and their three-dimensional distribution. Their elemental analysis suggested a total carbon content of 24.7% and an empirical formula of SiO2.05C1.06S0.04. The structures were found to be amorphous as per their X-ray diffraction.
Effect of pore mesostructure on the electrooxidation of glycerol on Pt mesoporous catalysts
Authors: Anil Athira , White Jai , Campos dos Santos Egon , Terekhina Irina , Johnsson Mats , Pettersson Lars , Cornell Ann , Salazar-Alvarez German
Published: March 2023

Glycerol is a renewable chemical that has become widely available and inexpensive due to the increased production of biodiesel. Noble metal materials have shown to be effective catalysts for the production of hydrogen and value-added products through the electrooxidation of glycerol. In this work we develop three platinum systems with distinct pore mesostructures, e.g., hierarchical pores (HP), cubic pores (CP) and linear pores (LP); all with high electrochemically active surface area (ECSA). The ECSA-normalized GEOR catalytic activity of the systems follows HPC > LPC > CPC > commercial Pt/C. Regarding the oxidation products, we observe glyceric acid as the main three-carbon product (3C), with oxalic acids as the main two-carbon oxidation product. DFT-based theoretical calculations support the glyceraldehyde route going through tartronic acid towards oxalic acid and also help understanding why the dihydroxyacetone (DHA) route is active despite the absence of DHA amongst the observed oxidation products.
Social Research in Irkutsk: Focus of Study
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Edelshtein O. A. , Logunova G. V ,   Irkutsk State University
Published: March 2023

The article analyzes the social effects of the implementation of the Oxford Russian Foundation scholarship program at ISU. The results of an express research among former fellows of the program are analyzed and conclusions are drawn about the formation of the social and human capital of fellows and social engineering of regional and national development.