bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical signs and symptoms for degenerative cervical myelopathy: a scoping review of case-control studies to facilitate early diagnosis among healthcare professionals with stakeholder engagement
Authors: Sharma Suhani , Sial Alisha , Sima Stone , Diwan Ashish
Published: February 2025

Study design

Scoping Review.

Objective

Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is a leading cause of chronic spinal cord dysfunction, with diverse clinical presentations that complicate diagnosis. Therefore, it is important to identify the signs and symptoms of DCM that demonstrate high diagnostic accuracy. This review aims to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of signs and symptoms in diagnosing DCM.

Methods

Articles up to June 2024 were retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases using search terms like “degenerative cervical myelopathy”, “cervical spondylotic myelopathy”, “sensitivity”, “specificity”, and related signs and symptoms. Studies were screened based on selection criteria assessing the sensitivity and specificity of signs or symptoms using an appropriate control group.

Results

Sixteen studies were included. The most sensitive signs were Tromner sign (93–97%) and hyperreflexia (15–85%). Specific signs included the Babinski sign (93–100%), Tromner sign (79–100%), clonus (96–99%), and inverted supinator sign (78–99%). Neck pain had a sensitivity of 76–94% and specificity of 11–73%. Hand incoordination showed 52% sensitivity and 92% specificity. Altered hand sensation had 76% sensitivity and 90% specificity. Upper extremity weakness had 51–75% sensitivity and 18–95% specificity. Gait imbalance exhibited 56–63% sensitivity and 52–95% specificity.

Conclusion

Sensitive signs like the Tromner sign and hyperreflexia are useful for screening, while specific signs such as Babinski, clonus, and the inverted supinator sign aid in confirmation of DCM. Symptoms like neck pain, hand incoordination, and altered hand sensation should heighten suspicion and guide differential diagnosis. Early and accurate diagnosis using these indicators can improve patient outcomes and reduce diagnostic delays.
Crosstalk between gut microbiotas and fatty acid metabolism in colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhang Hao , Tian Yuan , Xu Chunjie , Chen Miaomiao , Xiang Zeyu , Gu Lei , Xue Hanbing , Xu Qing
Published: February 2025

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy globally and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Its development is a multifactorial and multistage process influenced by a dynamic interplay between gut microbiota, environmental factors, and fatty acid metabolism. Dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota and abnormalities in microbiota-associated metabolites have been implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis, highlighting the pivotal role of microbial and metabolic interactions. Fatty acid metabolism serves as a critical nexus linking dietary patterns with gut microbial activity, significantly impacting intestinal health. In CRC patients, reduced levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and SCFA-producing bacteria have been consistently observed. Supplementation with SCFA-producing probiotics has demonstrated tumor-suppressive effects, while therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating SCFA levels have shown potential in enhancing the efficacy of radiation therapy and immunotherapy in both preclinical and clinical settings. This review explores the intricate relationship between gut microbiota, fatty acid metabolism, and CRC, offering insights into the underlying mechanisms and their potential translational applications. Understanding this interplay could pave the way for novel diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive strategies in the management of CRC.
Direct conversion of various phosphate sources to a versatile P-X reagent [TBA][PO2X2] via redox-neutral halogenation
Authors: Tian Yaling , Chen Dong-ping , Chai Yao , Li Ming , Wang Xi-Cun , Du Zhengyin , Wu Xiaofeng , Quan Zheng-Jun
Published: February 2025

Inorganic phosphates hold significant potential as ideal natural building blocks, forming a fundamental basis for organic and biochemical synthesis. However, their limited solubility, inherent chemical stability, and low reactivity pose substantial challenges to converting phosphates into organophosphates under mild conditions. This study introduces an efficient method for the direct conversion of phosphates into P(V)-X reagents, [TBA][PO2X2] (X = Cl, F), via a redox-neutral halogenation process. This method utilizes cyanuric chloride (or cyanuric fluoride) as the halogenation reagent, in combination with 1-formylpyrrolidine and tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBAC), under ambient conditions. The approach enables effective halogenation conversion for various P(V) sources, including orthophosphates, pyrophosphoric acid, Na3P3O9 and P2O5. Furthermore, we demonstrate the synthetic utility of the P(V)-Cl reagent in the phosphorylation of diverse O-, S-, N- and C-nucleophiles. Key advantages of this conversion process include the use of inexpensive and readily available chemicals, the avoidance of high-energy redox reactions, and the generation of a reactive yet stable P(V)-X reagent.
TTSwing: a Dataset for Table Tennis Swing and Racket Kinematics Analysis
Authors: Chou Che-Yu , Chen Zheng-Hao , Sheu Yung-Hoh , Chen Hung-Hsuan , Sun Min-Te , Wu Sheng K.
Published: February 2025

We introduce TTSwing, a novel dataset designed to analyze table tennis swings. The dataset was collected using custom racket grips embedded with 9-axis motion sensors, which provide precise kinematic data on swings. In addition, we provide anonymized demographic data for players. The dataset was collected from 93 participants, all of whom are elite table tennis players from Taiwan. We detail the data collection and annotation procedures. These data are expected to improve the understanding of player performance and facilitate the development of tailored training programs and biomechanical analyses, offering practical benefits to both athletes and coaches. TTSwing has excellent potential to facilitate innovative research in table tennis analysis and is a valuable resource for the scientific community. We release the dataset and the experimental codes for reproducibility.
Investigation of an innovative savonius turbine in practice
Authors: Afify R. , Saber E. , Awad H.
Published: February 2025

The current study recommends a novel design that includes lightweight flapping gates that open when the convex side is facing the wind source in order to reduce negative torque and increase the efficiency of Savonius wind turbines. Very light leaf or torsional springs can be used to ensure that the gates close smoothly by returning them to their closed state. The efficiency of the turbine is increased when the flapping gates open because there is less drag force and resistive torque applied to the turbine shaft. Two turbines, one with the conventional shape and the other with flapping gates, were created in order to achieve this. The two turbines were then compared to one another under similar circumstances. To collect the necessary readings, an experimental setup with a variety of sensors was developed. Experiments were carried out at various air velocities to calculate the static torque coefficient and power coefficient. It was proved that the new design, which has a higher static torque and power coefficient, is more effective than the conventional design. The power coefficient increases by an average of 25% at middle speed ranges, but only by about 16.914% at higher tip speed ratios.
Smoking, and to a lesser extent non-combustible nicotine use, is associated with higher levels of alcohol consumption and risky drinking
Authors: Jackson Sarah E. , Oldham Melissa , Garnett Claire , Brown Jamie , Shahab Lion , Cox Sharon
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to estimate differences in alcohol consumption, receipt of alcohol brief intervention, and alcohol reduction attempts by smoking status and use of non-combustible nicotine (including e-cigarettes, nicotine replacement therapy, heated tobacco products, or nicotine pouches). Data were from a representative household survey of adults in England (n = 188,878). Participants who reported former or current smoking scored approximately 1 point higher, on average, on the AUDIT-C (which measures alcohol consumption) than those who had never regularly smoked (B
adj=0.97 [95%CI 0.93–1.00] and 0.92 [0.87–0.96], respectively) and had double the odds of risky drinking (AUDIT-C ≥ 5: ORadj=2.04 [1.98–2.10] and 2.03 [1.97–2.10], respectively), while differences for those who did versus did not use non-combustible nicotine use were less pronounced (AUDIT-C: B
adj=0.14 [0.08–0.21]; AUDIT-C ≥ 5: ORadj=1.09 [1.04–1.13]). Among participants who engaged in risky drinking, those who smoked (vs. not) were more likely to report receiving alcohol brief interventions, and those attempting to quit smoking (vs. not) were more likely to report alcohol reduction attempts. Overall, combustible and - less so - non-combustible nicotine use is associated with higher levels of alcohol consumption and risky drinking.
Social and non-social risk-taking in adolescence
Authors: Wang Weike , Evans Kylie , Schweizer Susanne
Published: February 2025

The Social Risk Hypothesis of Depression proposes that individuals who perceive themselves as low in value to their social groups are at risk of developing depression. Behaviourally, lower self-perceived social value is proposed to reduce individuals’ propensity to take social risks to avoid further lowering their social worth. This is in contrast with adolescent-typical behaviour, which is characterised by heightened risk-taking in social contexts. The current study aimed to investigate how low self-perceived social value influences risk-taking in social compared to non-social contexts during adolescence. 114 adolescents (aged 12–23 years) completed the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) in individual and social contexts. The results showed that adolescents took more risks in social compared to individual contexts. Risk-taking across social and individual contexts also varied as a function of self-perceived social value. In older—but not younger—youth, lower self-perceived social value was associated with greater risk-taking in social compared to individual contexts. These findings suggest that self-perceived social value differentially influences social risk-taking across adolescence. In later youth, the heightened social risk-taking observed in individuals with low self-perceived social value aligns with developmental theories suggesting that risk-taking at this age serves to increase social rank and avoid social exclusion by peers.
MEMS vibrometer: Dynamic modeling of multimodal inertial transducers
Authors: Haus Jan Niklas , Zhu Zhengchun , Roloff Thomas , Rittmeier Liv , Bornemann Sarah , Sinapius Michael , Dietzel Andreas
Published: February 2025

Guided ultrasonic wave-based structural health monitoring utilizes propagating elastic waves to identify, locate, and characterize damage within aviation structures. Fiber metal laminates, which are composite materials made by layering metal sheets with fiber-reinforced polymers, combine the high strength of composites with the ductility and impact resistance of metals. However, structural health monitoring methods suitable for these materials have to be developed, allowing to monitor also the inner laminate layers. Therefore, laminate-embedded MEMS vibrometers have been introduced recently. Due to the quasi-free operation of these inertial sensors, they are directly sensitive to the displacement induced by propagating guided ultrasonic waves. However, the multimodal excitation of the sensor’s core resonator, when exposed to ultrasound bursts, leads to a pseudo-nonlinear sensor response, which is attributed to the spectrum of guided ultrasonic waves and their interference with higher harmonics of the continuum resonator. The transfer behavior of the sensor can be improved by implementing electrical mode suppression. This research involves analytically modeling the continuous resonator with multiple aggregated resonators, numerically simulating sensor responses to 100 kHz ultrasound bursts, and using a laser scanning micro vibrometer setup for experimental validation, providing a deeper understanding of MEMS vibrometer dynamics for ultrasonic monitoring and demonstrating their applicability.
Inhibition of autophagy in platelets as a therapeutic strategy preventing hypoxia induced thrombosis
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Propanna , Katakia Yash T. , Mukherjee Sudeshna , Majumder Syamantak , Chowdhury Shibasish , Chowdhury Rajdeep
Published: February 2025

Hypoxia triggers activation of platelets, leading to thrombosis. If not addressed clinically, it can cause severe complications and fatal consequences. The current treatment regime for thrombosis is often palliative and include long-term administration of anticoagulants, causing over-bleeding risk and other secondary effects as well. This demands a molecular understanding of the process and exploration of an alternative therapeutic avenue. Interestingly, recent studies demonstrate that platelets exhibit functional autophagy. This cellular homeostatic process though well-studied in non-platelet cells, is under-explored in platelets. Herein, we report autophagy activation under physiologically relevant hypoxic condition (10% O2; associated with high altitude) in ex-vivo platelets and in vivo as well. We show that autophagy inhibition using chloroquine (CQ), a repurposed FDA-approved drug, can significantly reduce platelet activation, both in ex-vivo and in-vivo settings. Further, surgical ligation of inferior vena cava (IVC) was performed to induce thrombus formation. Interestingly, CQ pre-treated rats showed reduced clotting ability in surgical animals as well. Importantly, thrombosis inhibitory dose of CQ was considerably lower than the currently used drug-acetazolamide; CQ was also found to be non-toxic to the tissues. Hence, we propose that repurposing of CQ can attenuate hypoxia-induced thrombosis through inhibition of autophagy and can be explored as an effective therapeutic alternative.
High-density 4-Vinylpyridine membrane for rapid purification of antibody
Authors: Wu Qinrong , Wang Bin , Zhang LiYun
Published: February 2025

In order to further investigate the mechanism of action of rituximab in humans and its biotransformation, it is essential to obtain high purity rituximab while maintaining its structural and functional...
Disorder driven peculiarities of metal-insulator transition in the interacting fermions ensemble
Authors: Sinner Andreas , Stephanovich Vladimir A. , Kiriczenko Helena , Ksiazek Katarzyna
Published: February 2025

We demonstrate that introducing disorder to a system of interacting fermions can lead to a metal-dielectric transition (MDT) in it. Additionally, depending on the relationship between the degree of disorder...
Photocatalytic CO2 reduction catalysed by 3d transition metal complexes bearing an S2N2 ancillary ligand equipped with pyridine pendants as binding sites for Lewis acids
Authors: Ishizuka Tomoya , Hamaguchi Asuka , Hayashi Yuki , Tsukakoshi Yuto , Kotani Hiroaki , Kawanishi Takuya , Kojima Takahiko
Published: February 2025

To solve the current environmental and energy problems, the development of an efficient photocatalytic system for CO2 reduction, producing useful chemical resources such as CO, is a promising approach.
Benzimidazole-based mononuclear polypyridyl Cu(II) complexes towards DNA binding, cleavage, and in vitro antiproliferative studies
Authors: Roy Indrajit , Mathur Shobhit , Deb Sourav , Rathnam Sharan  Shanmuga Vuppaladadium , Tuti Nikhil , Shaji Unnikrishnan Paruthiyezhath , Karthikeyan L. , Roy Anindya , Maji Somnath
Published: February 2025

This paper addresses the synthesis, characterization, DNA binding, cleavage, and in vitro antiproliferative activity studies of a series of heteroleptic mononuclear copper(II) complexes[Cu(L)(bpy)](ClO4)2;{1},[Cu(L)(phen)](ClO4)2;{2}, and[Cu(L)(Mephen)](ClO4)2;{3}derived from different polypyridyl ligands where in...
Molecular docking and antibacterial activity of a one-pot synthesized novel polyaniline substituted imidazole (PANI–imidazole) copolymer
Authors: Kumari Chetna , Singh Amrita , Jangid Nirmala Kumari , Dwivedi Jaya , Sharma Swapnil
Published: February 2025

This paper studied the one-pot synthesis of a novel co-doped PANI–imidazole copolymer. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized PANI, and PANI–imidazole was studied against bacteria S. aureus and E. coli, revealing their therapeutic potential.
Magnetically targeted delivery of probiotics for controlled residence and accumulation in intestine
Authors: Xing Hanye , Song Yonghong , Liu Xingyu , Wang Ju , Zhou Tao , Jin Xiangxiang , Qiu Rui , Lu Yang , Liu Changhong
Published: February 2025

The effectiveness of orally delivered probiotics in treating gastrointestinal diseases is restricted by inadequate gut retention. In this study, we present a magnetically controlled strategy for probiotic delivery, which enables...
Comparison of macromolecule permeation through extracellular matrix and hyaluronic acid to inform in vitro testing of subcutaneous therapies
Authors: Javorovic Jana , Hanafy Belal I. , Franek Frans , Vllasaliu Driton
Published: February 2025

Subcutaneous injection is a widely used route of drug administration and there is a need for in vitro tools to facilitate the development of subcutaneous formulations and predict in vivo bioavailability.
Development of AlN-loaded PET separators from waste water bottle plastics with superior thermal characteristics for next-generation lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Tsang Alpha Chi Him , Wong Marco Yu Lam , Tsang Chi-Wing , Suen Dawson Wai-Shun , Lu Xiao-Ying
Published: February 2025

A thermally stable, excellent performance lithium-ion battery separator of AlN-modified PET was produced via electrospinning technology. PET was derived from waste water bottles.
Dihydropyrimidine-2-thione derivatives as SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors: synthesis, SAR and in vitro profiling
Authors: Saeed Anees , Tahir Ayesha , Shah Muhammad , Hussain Fahad , Sadiq Abdul , Rashid Umer
Published: February 2025

Despite the passage of approximately five years since the outbreak, an efficacious remedy for SARS-CoV-2 remains elusive, highlighting the urgent imperative for developing SARS-CoV-2 potent inhibitors.
Utility of 6-aza-2-thiothymine in the synthesis of novel [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4]triazin-7-one derivatives: synthesis, structure elucidation, molecular docking and in vitro anti-lung cancer activity
Authors: Kamel Monica G. , Sroor Farid M. , Mahmoud Khaled , Shafey Heba I. , Hassaneen Hamdi M. , Vendier Laure
Published: February 2025

Novel triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4]triazin-7-one derivatives (7a–j) were synthesized and tested against PC3, A549, PACA2 and BJ1 cell lines. 7a and 7g were investigated using DNA fragmentation, DNA damage and gene expression and molecular docking studies.
Cysteine-selective [188Re]Re(V) radiolabelling of a Nanobody® for targeted radionuclide therapy using a “chelate-then-click” approach.
Authors: Melis Diana , Segers Charlotte , Wellens Jasmien , Van de Voorde Michiel , Blacque Olivier , Ooms Maarten , Gasser Gilles , Opsomer Tomas
Published: February 2025

In this study, we present the first reported use of bioorthogonal click chemistry with rhenium-188 (188Re) for radiolabelling of an anti-c-Met VHH Nanobody®. We employed a "chelate-then-click" strategy, wherein a...
Linker Driven Site-specific Catalysis in Atomically Precise Silver Cluster-Assemblies
Authors: Mandal Sukhendu , Priyanka C. , Karmakar Arun , Aparna R. K. , Singh Laddi , Mondal Pradip Kumar , Kundu Subrata , Bhattacharyya Kalishankar
Published: February 2025

Metal nanoclusters (NCs) exhibit potential as catalysts for electrochemical studies, providing atomic-level insights into mechanisms. However, it remains elusive to construct an integrated catalyst with a molecular-level understanding of its...
The Role of Phosphate in Silk Fibroin Self-Assembly: A Hofmeister Study
Authors: Wigham Caleb , Varude Vrushali , O'Donnell Henry , Zha Runye Helen
Published: February 2025

Silk fibroin is the primary protein component of the threads of Bombyx mori silkworm cocoons. Previous work has demonstrated that silk fibroin can self-assemble at solid-liquid interfaces to form dense,...
A High-Performance Nanofiltration Membrane by Embedding Amino Acid and Ionic Liquids in the Cellulose Acetate for Heavy Metals Separation
Authors: Teja Nayak D. , Raja Vinoth Kumar , Gangasalam Arthanareeswaran , Khoa Tran Dang , Taweepreda Wirach
Published: February 2025

Water reclamation is necessary to meet the potable water demand. Heavy metals like iron, zinc, lead, and copper, particularly in water, pose significant toxicity risks to humans and other biological...
Vortex Fluidic-Mediated Transesterification Enhancement of Mongongo Fatty Acid Ethyl Ester Production for Haircare Applications
Authors: Cao Xuejiao , Luo Xuan , Barros Safira M , Xing Wenjin , MacGregor-Ramiasa Melanie , Delcheva Iliana , Campbell Jonathan , He Shan , Kirk Bradley Peter , Tang Youhong , Raston Colin L
Published: February 2025

Fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) are one of the most popular ingredients in the organic cosmetic market due to their versatile functionality. However, its production technique aligning with the principle...
Photothermal Solid-to-Liquid Transition in A Coordination Polymer: Strength Enhanced by Coordination Bond-Induced Nanoconfinement
Authors: Zhai Yan , Lv Mengxiao , Shan Fei , Qi Tao , Cui Siwen , Lan Hao , Wang Jun-Peng
Published: February 2025

Polymers exhibiting photoinduced solid-to-liquid phase transitions have garnered significant attention due to their potential applications in smart materials. However, the simultaneous achievement of high strength and extensibility remains a significant...
Electrodeposition of oxyanion films as universal chloride ions-repelling layers for efficient and stable seawater oxidation at ampere-level current density
Authors: Li Yunchao , Li Tengfei , Zhang Meng , Sun Yuzhuo , Meng Chenchen , Xu Qijun , Zhang Yang , Li Xiaohong , Fan Louzhen
Published: February 2025

Seawater splitting is an environmentally friendly pathway for hydrogen production, helping to resolve the conflict between the growing hydrogen energy demand and freshwater scarcity. However, abundant chloride ions in seawater...
Molecular anchoring induced charge transfer pathway conversion from p-n to S-scheme heterojunction for boosting photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and N2 fixation
Authors: Lu Xiaoyan , Jiang Xinhui , Hu Jindou , Li Junhong , Liu Anjie , Lu Zhenjiang , Xie Jing , Cao Yali
Published: February 2025

The p-n type charge transfer pathway plays an active role in efficient carrier separation and enhancement of photocatalytic activity, but also reduces the redox ability of photogenerated carriers. Herein, the...
MXene / MXene based composites and their biomedical applications
Authors: Dutta Tapopshree , Alam Parvej , Mishra Satyendra Kumar
Published: February 2025

A novel class of two-dimensional materials known as MXenes and their related composites has recently emerged. These materials have garnered significant interest in the biomedical field due to their specific...
Functionalized PDMS for Regulating Triboelectric Output of Nanogenerators: A Study of Charge Transfer Mechanisms
Authors: Ye Jiahao , Xu Tianhuai , Ģērmane Līva , Lapčinskis Linards , Šutka Andris , Tan Jin-Chong
Published: February 2025

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is one of the most widely used materials in triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) due to its remarkable flexibility and robustness, yet its triboelectric output often limits practical applications. In...
Easily synthesizable naphthalene-based sensing platform for Al³⁺ and Zn²⁺ ions: Theoretical insight and live cells imaging
Authors: Kaushal Jolly , Singh Sain , Ahlawat Heena , Saini Saakshi , Roy Partha
Published: February 2025

A new naphthalene-derived Schiff base probe, 1-((2-(diphenylphosphino)ethylimino)methyl)naphthalen-2-ol (HL), has been demonstrated for fluorometric detection of Al³⁺ and Zn²⁺ ions. HL was characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, NMR, UV-Vis, fluorescence, and...
Extremely effective separations of pyridine/picoline mixtures through supramolecular chemistry strategies employing (4R,5R)-bis(diphenylhydroxymethyl)-2-spiro-1’-cyclohexane-1,3-dioxolane as the host compound
Authors: Recchia Daniella L. , Barton Benita , Hosten Eric Cyriel
Published: February 2025

The present investigation focussed on assessing the ability of (4R,5R)-bis(diphenylhydroxymethyl)-2-spiro-1’-cyclohexane-1,3-dioxolane (TADDOL6) to separate pyridine/methylpyridine (picoline) mixtures through supramolecular chemistry protocols. At the outset, TADDOL6 was revealed to possess the ability...
Stable staining of microplastics using conjugated polymer nanoparticles
Authors: Peace Hannah , Broadsmith M. , O'Callaghan Dermott , Kaloudis D. , Coppock R. L. , Green Mark
Published: February 2025

Microplastics are a recognised global pollutant, contaminating almost all aspects of our daily life, the detection of which primarily relies on visual inspection. The use of a stable and consistent...
Convergence in biomineralization patterns across animal eggshells.
Authors: Debruyn Gerben , Choi Seung , Dobson Jessica L. , Maudens Yana , De Clerck Karen , Shawkey Matthew D. , Zhang Shukang , D'Alba Liliana
Published: February 2025

Shelled eggs are key components of animal reproduction on land, evolving independently in distant lineages of terrestrial animals including nematodes, gastropods, annelids, arthropods and chordates. They regulate critical functions such...
Ionic Liquid-Directed Synthesis of Au—AgBr Janus Nanoparticles via Digestive Ripening and Solvated Metal Atom Dispersion
Authors: Jagirdar Balaji , Sarkar Saibalendu
Published: February 2025

Multicomponent nanoparticles (MCNs) leverage the synergistic properties of their constituents, offering enhanced performance in diverse applications, including catalysis and photocatalysis. Among them, Janus nanoparticles (JNPs) with their dual domains, stand...
Correction: N-doped carbon nanoparticles on highly porous carbon nanofiber electrodes for sodium ion batteries
Authors: Yanilmaz Meltem , Atıcı Bülin , Zhu Jiadeng , Toprakci Ozan , Kim Juran
Published: February 2025

Correction for ‘N-doped carbon nanoparticles on highly porous carbon nanofiber electrodes for sodium ion batteries’ by Meltem Yanilmaz et al., RSC Adv., 2023, 13, 7834–7842, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3RA00635B.
Oxidation-Induced Nucleophilic Substitution at Electron-Rich B(12) Vertex in [CB11H12]– under Catalyst-Free Conditions
Authors: Sun Wanqi , Jin Yujie , Wang Yongtao , Wen Zeyu , Sun Jizeng , Yao Jia , Duttwyler Simon , Li Haoran
Published: February 2025

Highly regioselective B(12) substitutions of the monocarborane anion [CB11H12]– has been a challenge. Here, we synthesized a stable B–O–N zwitterionic compound with an impressively yield (isolated yield up to 98%)...
Securing Ports of Web Applications Against Cross Site Port Attack (XSPA) by Using a Strong Session Identifier (Session ID)
Authors: Bhatia Kavita , Pandey Santosh K. , Singh Vivek K. , Gupta Deena Nath
Published: February 2025

XSPA vulnerability can be attacked by stealing the cookie's information. In this case, it becomes utmost necessary to secure the information written in a cookie. A cookie contains a session ID that is a unique number generated by the server. This session ID must be a large random number so that no one can guess a valid session ID in real‐time. Numerous research studies have been accomplished on the same but the area still persist gaps in view of emerging threats, such as phishing, pharming, and DoS. This paper proposes a new random‐number generator that produces unique numbers in bulk. This helps the server to match the high demand of unique session IDs from different clients. The proposed generator is suitable for all types of web applications, because it requires the smallest area of only 134 Gate Equivalent on the application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) for its execution. Additionally, the proposed generator passed all tests of EPCglobal. Total time delay of digital circuit and power analysis results presented in the subsequent sections are also in the favour of proposed generator. With the implementation of this proposed technique cookies are expected to be more secure as evident from try‐out results.
A complete in‐cabin monitoring framework for autonomous vehicles in public transportation
Authors: Tsiktsiris Dimitris , Lalas Antonios , Dasygenis Minas , Votis Konstantinos
Published: February 2025

Autonomous vehicles (AVs), driven by state‐of‐the‐art deep learning and computer vision technologies, can revolutionize current mobility systems in modern transportation. Driverless AVs are slowly integrated into public transportation with significant advantages for the passengers and public transport operators. However, passenger safety and comfort are two of the main challenges that need to be addressed. This work presents a complete in‐cabin monitoring framework with a suite of services, employing deep learning algorithms using a variety of onboard sensors at the edge. This proposed framework offers various innovative services aimed at enhancing security, monitoring passenger presence, accommodating diverse needs, and personalizing the passengers' travel experience, while also reducing the workload of human safety officers. Experimental results demonstrate the framework's effectiveness in identifying abnormal events with a high accuracy, employing multiple datasets and custom in‐cabin scenarios. Additionally, the system effectively conducts automated passenger counting and facial identification, ensuring real‐time responsiveness under diverse operational conditions. Overall, the novelty of this work lies in the framework's multimodal approach, integrating visual and audio analysis, to achieve robust performance across various scenarios, significantly contributing to the advancement of autonomous driving technologies.
Revitalising DC‐Aged Silicone Rubber Composites: Hybrid‐Silica/Alumina Triumph Over Multi‐Stress Ageing
Authors: Ullah Rahmat , Ullah Israr , Ahmed Rizwan , Reid Alistair , Haddad Manu
Published: February 2025

In this study, various concentrations of high‐temperature vulcanised silicone rubber composites filled with nano/micro silica and alumina were manufactured. In this work, all test specimens were subjected to a variety of environmental stresses as well as DC voltage for 5000 h. Then, different diagnostic methods were used to look at the changes that happened on their surfaces and in their bulk properties. These included hydrophobicity classification, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) analysis, leakage current analysis and mechanical strength analysis. The composite with 2% nano silica and 10% micro alumina had the smoothest surface and the best hydrophobicity (HC‐3). It also had the lowest leakage current (3.1 μA), the least amount of strength loss (31.3%), and good thermal stability compared to the other samples that were studied. Aged samples show a considerable increase in the concentration of the O element and a significant drop in the proportion of the Si component relative to the virgin specimen, which points to the oxidation of chemical bonds during HTV SR and their composites during ageing but with different concentrations. However, two samples (SP2 and SP3) showed comparatively lower concentrations of oxygen degradation in Si contents. This can be attributed to the strong molecular interaction between the fillers and the base matrix.
Massive star cluster formation III. Early mass segregation during cluster assembly
Authors: Polak Brooke , Mac Low Mordecai-Mark , Klessen Ralf S. , Portegies Zwart Simon , Andersson Eric P. , Appel Sabrina M. , Cournoyer-Cloutier Claude , Glover Simon C. O. , McMillan Stephen L. W.
Published: February 2025

Mass segregation is seen in many star clusters, but whether massive stars form in the center of a cluster or migrate there dynamically is still debated. N-body simulations show that early dynamical mass segregation is possible when sub-clusters merge to form a dense core with a small crossing time. However, the effect of gas dynamics on both the formation and dynamics of the stars could inhibit the formation of the dense core. We aim to study the dynamical mass segregation of star cluster models that include gas dynamics and self-consistently form stars from the dense substructure in the gas. Our models use the torch framework, which is based on amuse and includes stellar and magnetized gas dynamics, as well as stellar evolution and feedback from radiation, stellar winds, and supernovae. Our models consist of three star clusters forming from initial turbulent spherical clouds of mass $10^4,,10^5,, 10^6 M_⊙$ and radius $11.7 pc$ that have final stellar masses of $3.6 M_⊙$, $6.5 M_⊙$, and $8.9 M_⊙$, respectively. There is no primordial mass segregation in the model by construction. All three clusters become dynamically mass segregated at early times via collapse confirming that this mechanism occurs within sub-clusters forming directly out of the dense substructure in the gas. The dynamics of the embedded gas and stellar feedback do not inhibit the collapse of the cluster. We find that each model cluster becomes mass segregated within 2 Myr of the onset of star formation, reaching the levels observed in young clusters in the Milky Way. However, we note that the exact values are highly time-variable during these early phases of evolution. Massive stars that segregate to the center during core collapse are likely to be dynamically ejected, a process that can decrease the overall level of mass segregation again.
Central kiloparsec region of Andromeda. I. Dynamical modeling
Authors: Cros Lucie , Combes Françoise , Melchior Anne-Laure , Martin Thomas
Published: February 2025

The Andromeda galaxy (M31) is the nearest giant spiral galaxy to our own, which offers an opportunity to study dynamical phenomena occurring in nuclear disks and bulges at high resolution to explain star formation quenching and galaxy evolution through collisions and tides. Multi-wavelength data have revealed strong dynamical perturbations in the central kiloparsec (kpc) region of M31, with an off-centered tilted disk and ring, coinciding with a dearth of atomic and molecular gas. Our goal is to understand the origin of these perturbations and, thus, we propose a dynamical model that reproduces the global features of the observations. We report on the integral field spectroscopy of the ionized gas with Hα and NII obtained with the Spectrom`etre Imageur à Transform'ee de Fourier pour l''Etude en Long et en Large de raies d'́ Emission (SITELLE), which is the optical imaging Fourier transform spectrometer (IFTS) at the Canada France Hawaii telescope (CFHT). Using the fully sampled velocity field of ionized gas, together with the more patchy molecular gas velocity field previously obtained with the CO lines at IRAM-30m telescope and the dust photometry, we identified three dynamical components in the gas: the main disk, a tilted ring, and a nuclear warped disk. We computed a mass model for the central kpc, essentially from the stellar nuclear disk and bulge, with minimal contributions from the main stellar and gaseous disk, along with a dark matter halo. The kinematics of the ionized and molecular gas was then computed in this potential, and the velocity field confronted qualitatively to observations. The best fit helped us determine the physical parameters of the three identified gas components: size, morphology, and geometrical orientation. These results are qualitatively compatible with a recent head-on collision with a M-32 like galaxy, as previously proposed. The kinematical observations correspond to a dynamical re-orientation of the perturbed nuclear disk, through a series of warps and tearing of the disk into the ring, following the collision.
An energetic absorption outflow in QSO J1402+2330: Analysis of DESI observations
Authors: Dehghanian M. , Arav N. , Sharma M. , Walker G. , Johnston K. , Kaupin M.
Published: February 2025

Context. Quasar outflows play a significant role in the active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback, impacting the interstellar medium and potentially influencing galaxy evolution. Characterizing these outflows is essential for understanding AGN-driven processes.

Aims. We aim to analyze the physical properties of the mini-broad absorption line outflow in quasar J1402+2330 using data from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) survey. We seek to measure the outflow’s location, energetics, and potential impact on AGN feedback processes.

Methods. In the spectrum of J1402+2330, we identify multiple ionic absorption lines, including ground and excited states. We measure the ionic column densities and then use photoionization models to determine the total hydrogen column density and ionization parameter of the outflow. We utilized the population ratio of the excited state to the ground state of N III and S IV to determine the electron number density.

Results. The derived electron number density, combined with the ionization parameter, indicates an outflow distance of approximately 2.2 kpc from the central source. Having a mass outflow rate of more than one thousand solar masses per year and a kinetic energy output exceeding 5% of the Eddington luminosity, this outflow can significantly contribute to AGN feedback.

Conclusions. Our findings suggest the absorption outflow in J1402+2330 plays a potentially significant role in AGN feedback processes. This study highlights the value of DESI data in exploring AGN feedback mechanisms.
J-PLUS: Spectroscopic validation of Hα emission line maps in spatially resolved galaxies
Authors: Rahna P.T. , Akhlaghi M. , López-Sanjuan C. , Logroño-García R. , Muniesa D.J. , Domínguez-Sánchez H. , Fernández-Ontiveros J.A. , Sobral David , Lumbreras-Calle A. , Chies-Santos A.L. , Rodríguez-Martín J.E. , Eskandarlou S. , Ederoclite A. , Alvarez-Candal A. , Vázquez Ramió H. , Cenarro A.J. , Marín-Franch A. , Alcaniz J. , Angulo R.E. , Cristóbal-Hornillos D. , Dupke R.A. , Hernández-Monteagudo C. , Moles M. , Sodré L. , Varela J.
Published: February 2025

We present a dedicated automated pipeline to construct spatially resolved emission Hα+ NII maps and to derive the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) in 12 optical filters (five broad and seven narrow and medium) of Hα emission line regions in nearby galaxies (z $<$ 0.0165) observed by the Javalambre Photometric Local Universe Survey (J-PLUS). We used the J0660 filter of $140$ Å width centered at $6600$ Å to trace Hα + NII emission, and r and i broad bands were used to estimate the stellar continuum. We created pure emission line images after the continnum subtraction, where the Hα emission line regions were detected. This method was also applied to integral field unit (IFU) spectroscopic data from PHANGS-MUSE, CALIFA, and MaNGA surveys by building synthetic narrow bands based on J-PLUS filters. The studied sample includes the cross-matched catalog of these IFU surveys with the J-PLUS third data release (DR3), amounting to two PHANGS-MUSE, $78$ CALIFA, and $78$ MaNGA galaxies at z < 0.0165, respectively. We compared the Hα+ NII radial profiles from J-PLUS and the IFU surveys, finding good agreement within the expected uncertainties. We also compared the SEDs from the emission line regions detected in J-PLUS images, reproducing the main spectral features present in the spectroscopic data. Finally, we compared the emission fluxes from the J-PLUS and IFU surveys accounting for scale differences, finding a difference of only 2% with a dispersion of 7% in the measurements. The J-PLUS data provide reliable spatially resolved Hα+ NII emission maps for nearby galaxies. We provide the J-PLUS DR3 catalog for the $158$ galaxies with IFU data, including emission maps, SEDs of star-forming clumps, and radial profiles.
Type-I intermittency route to the chaos in passively Q-switched Tm:YLF laser emitting at 2.3 µm
Authors: Druon Frédéric , Glasset Matthieu , Georges Patrick , Dupont Hippolyte
Published: February 2025

We report on an original chaotic dynamic behaviour of a Tm-doped Q-switched laser operating on the 3H4 \rightarrow\ 3H5 transition emitting at 2.3 µm using a Tm:YLF crystal, with optional co-lasing at 1.9 μm via the ³F₄→³H₆ transition. This study specifically investigates the chaotic and intermittent dynamics originally observed in this laser. Experimental observations reveal an atypical type-I intermittency route to chaos, linked to cascade transitions and characterized using Poincaré maps, entropy calculations, and phase-space reconstructions. The analysis highlights synchronization losses between the Q-switched pulse train and relaxation oscillations in the 1.9 μm cascade laser as a driver of chaotic instabilities. These findings deepen the understanding of chaotic regimes in Tm-doped lasers and provide insights for optimizing the stability of MIR laser systems for advanced photonic applications. Further modeling is needed to fully elucidate the interplay of dual-wavelength dynamics and the observed chaotic behavior.
Effect of online food delivery service use on dietary choices among older adults
Authors: Liu Chih-Chi , Li Ying-Ju , Lin Hung-Chou
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship of the use of online food delivery (OFD) services and the wait time when using OFD services with the diet of older adults. This study also investigated the moderating effect of OFD services on the relationship between willingness to wait and the making of food choices. This paper contains two experimental studies. 123 and 171 older adults participated in the two studies respectively. All participants were recruited and randomly assigned to each experimental groups. According to the results of two studies, older adults were willing to spend more time waiting for food from OFD services than when dining in or taking out from a restaurant. Furthermore, OFD use moderated the relationship between food choice (lower vs. higher calories) and wait time. Older adults were willing to wait longer for lower calories food when choosing OFD services. Furthermore, regardless of the time taken for food delivery, older adults chose lower calories’ food when using OFD services. This study observed that OFD changed how older adults chose to buy food.
An analysis of studies related to postpartum employment continuity in Japan and Korea
Authors: Koh Youngjae , Lee Jisu , Koh Youngran
Published: February 2025

This study clarifies research trends regarding the evolution of postpartum employment continuity in Japan and South Korea through research fields and keyword analyses. Based on the analysis of 135 Japanese and 108 Korean papers, we find that research in Japan was concentrated in the fields of sociology, nursing, medicine, business administration, and economics. In contrast, Korea concentrated on the fields of women’s policy studies, women’s studies, education, economics, and sociology. Keyword analysis showed that in Japan, postpartum employment continuity was considered important for work-life balance and regarded as an issue that requires social regulation. Additionally, postpartum employment continuity was suggested to be influenced by women’s intention to return to the same workplace. Similarly, in South Korea, postpartum employment continuity was also considered part of work-life balance. Furthermore, it was regarded as a women’s issue or a policy issue, suggesting that postpartum employment continuity may not necessarily involve returning to the same workplace. Still, it may include changing jobs or temporarily discontinuing one’s career.
The Impact of Subsistence Insurance on Employment
Authors: Chen Sijie
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the impact of subsistence insurance on employment within China’s urban social security and welfare network (SSWN), focusing on long-term dependency patterns and their underlying causes. Subsistence insurance is an essential constituent of the SSWN, however; its effect on employment remains underexplored. Prior research has primarily examined employment willingness, leaving gaps in understanding the role of “receipt duration” in fostering dependency. This study uses event history analysis to assess the relationship between subsistence insurance and employment outcomes, offering insights into welfare dependency in a rapidly transitioning economy. The study leverages data from the Urban Household Survey (2010-2020), analyzing employment status, demographic factors, and regional economic indicators. Regression and fixed-effects models reveal that while subsistence insurance provides crucial financial support, prolonged reliance may negatively impact labor market engagement. Regional disparities are also examined, with stronger negative employment effects in more developed areas. The findings have significant policy implications, suggesting that reforming welfare policies to promote long-term employability and reduce dependency is essential. This study contributes to the broader understanding of welfare mechanisms in transitional economies and informs policymakers on enhancing social support systems.
Exploration of the Attitude towards Spring Festival Folk Customs among college students in Dalian, China
Authors: Guo Lifang , Wang Chao , Kim Eunyoung
Published: February 2025

In the context of globalization, digitization, and cultural diversity, the study of the inheritance and innovation of traditional culture has received increasing attention. Referring to the social representation theory, this study takes college students in Dalian, China, as survey respondents and analyzes their attitudes toward the folk customs of the Spring Festival, the largest traditional festival in China, also known as the Chinese New Year, to provide a reference for research on the inheritance of traditional culture. The results of this study show that college students possess a high level of awareness of Spring Festival Folk Customs and have clear perceptions of their connotations and meanings. Affectively, they show a high degree of recognition and identification, and behaviorally, they show firm support and strong willingness to participate. Simultaneously, college students have rational thinking and suggestions for developing Spring Festival Folk Customs. This provides an advisory for the traditional culture represented by Spring Festival Folk Customs to be inherited among young people and for developing conventional culture categorization.
Specifications for identifying and distinguishing units of the lexico-semantic category of “Ma’naviyat” in the diagnosis of an individual’s moral qualities
Authors: Yuldashev Farrukh , Mengliyev Bakhtiyor , Sharipova Dildora , Shavkatov Sherzodbek , Ibragimov Javlon , Akbarova Zuhra
Published: February 2025

In the contemporary era of global globalization, the international community is grappling with challenges such as mutual threats, violent conflicts, the prioritization of personal interests, the clash of individual interests, discord between nations, and the erosion of national values. First of all, the individual’s “ma’naviyat” takes precedence at the core of the issue. In the mentioned article, the field of linguo-cultural studies related to “ma’naviyat” (spirituality) and the objectification of its concepts have been discussed; Especially, the primary objective of this field is to instigate a distinct linguistic framework for the scientific and practical mechanism that serves the upbringing of individuals with elevated moral and ethical upbringing, ensuring their well-rounded development; In particular, it is stated that the upbringing of fair-minded, patient, pious, conscientious, and religious individuals, who find their path in society and possess refined moral qualities, is the demand of the time. The maturity of ethical qualities in young individuals, adorned with such virtues, is exemplified through their chosen noble ideals and rewarding actions, showcasing their integrity of “ma’naviyat”. A systematic analysis has revealed that spiritual activity doesn’t spontaneously form; instead, concepts surrounding it become more active in people’s social and spiritual lives over the years.