bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Change in brain molecular landscapes following electrical stimulation of the nucleus accumbens
Authors: Cai Chengwei , Gao Lingyun , Zhu Zhoule , Chen Wangyu , Zhang Fang , Yu Chaonan , Xu Kedi , Zhu Junming , Wu Hemmings
Published: October 2024

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) targeting the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a promising therapeutic intervention for treatment-resistant neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, and addiction. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the clinical efficacy of NAc DBS remain largely unknown. One approach to address this question is by performing spatial gene expression analysis on cells located in different regions of the same circuit following NAc DBS. In this study, we utilized high-resolution spatial transcriptomics (Stereo-seq) to investigate gene expression changes induced by NAc DBS in the mouse brain. Mice were randomly allocated to received continuous electrical stimulation (0.1 mA, 130 Hz) or sham treatment (electrode implanted, no electrical stimulation given) for one week, and subsequent Stereo-seq analysis identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across various brain regions. Our findings reveal widespread alterations in synaptic function and neuronal connectivity, particularly in glutamate receptor-expressing neurons in the NAc, which play a key role in the reward circuitry. Functional enrichment analysis highlighted changes in transporter activity and glutamate receptor binding in brain regions such as the anterior cingulate cortex and lateral septal nucleus. Single-cell resolution mapping further identified key molecular players, including Nlgn1, Snca, PDE10a, and Syt1, which are critical for synaptic plasticity and neurotransmitter release, and have been implicated in various psychiatric disorders. These findings shed light on the molecular underpinnings of NAc DBS and provide insights into its therapeutic potential in modulating neural circuits associated with neuropsychiatric disorders.
An unprecedented small RNA-riboswitch interaction controls expression of a bifunctional pump that is essential forStaphylococcus aureusinfection
Authors: González-Espinoza Gabriela , Prévost Karine , Hussain Fayyaz , Radin Jana N. , Valle Carlos D. Vega , Maucotel Julie , Barroso Marina Valente , Marteyn Benoît , Massé Eric , Romby Pascale , Kehl-Fie Thomas E. , Georg Jens , Lalaouna David
Published: October 2024

Maintaining manganese and iron homeostasis is critical for the human pathogenStaphylococcus aureus. To counteract metal-based host defense strategies (e.g., nutritional immunity, metal poisoning),S. aureususes a combination of metal-sensing transcription factors and regulatory RNAs to maintain metal homeostasis. In this study, we uncovered an unprecedented interaction between a cis- and a trans-acting regulatory RNA controlling a conditionally essential gene,mntY, encoding a Mn efflux pump. This broadly conserved RNA-RNA interaction between a Fe-responsive sRNA and a Mn-sensing riboswitch allows the integration of Feand Mn-related stresses, notably encountered at the infection site, to fine-tunemntYexpression. Remarkably, deletion of themntYgene is strongly pleomorphic, causing growth defects, altering virulence factor expression, immune evasion, and survival during infection. We demonstrated that MntY is critical for the adaptation ofS. aureusto both low and high Mn environments, due to its dual role in metalation of Mn-dependent exoenzymes and Mn detoxification. These findings point to MntY as a promising new therapeutic target to combat multidrug-resistant staphylococcal infections.
Mechanical Centrosome Fracturing during Cell Navigation
Authors: Schmitt Madeleine T. , Ruiz-Fernandez Mauricio J.A. , Stefanowski Kasia , Kroll Janina , Hauschild Robert , Merrin Jack , Penz Thomas , Kiermaier Eva , Bock Christoph , Straub Tobias , Renkawitz Jörg
Published: October 2024

The centrosome is the primary microtubule orchestrator in most eukaryotic cells, nucleating and anchoring microtubules that grow radially and exert forces on cargos. At the same time, mechanical stresses from the microenvironment and cellular shape changes compress and bend microtubules. Yet, centrosomes are membrane-less organelles, raising the question of how centrosomes withstand mechanical forces. Here we discover that centrosomes in non-dividing cells can mechanically fracture. We reveal that centrosomes experience mechanical deformations during microenvironmental confinement and navigational pathfinding by motile cells. Coherence of the centrosome is maintained by Dyrk3, preventing fracturing by mechanical forces. Centrosome fracturing impedes cellular function by generating coexisting microtubule organizing centers that compete during path navigation and thereby cause cellular entanglement in the microenvironment. Our findings show that non-dividing cells actively maintain the integrity of the centrosome to withstand mechanical forces. Given that almost all cells in multicellular organism experience forces, these results suggest that centrosome stability preservation is fundamental during development, tissue maintenance, immunology, and disease.

One-Sentence Summary

Pathfinding during cellular motility causes centrosome breakage counteracted by Dyrk3 activity.
Quantum entanglement assisted via Duffing nonlinearity
Authors: Massembele D. R. Kenigoule , Djorwé P. , Sarma Amarendra K. , Abdel-Aty A.-H. , Engo S. G. Nana
Published: October 2024

We propose a scheme to enhance quantum entanglement in an optomechanical system by exploiting the so-called Duffing nonlinearity. Our model system consists of two mechanically coupled mechanical resonators, both driven by an optical field. One resonator supports Duffing nonlinearity, while the other does not. The resonators are coupled to each other via the so-called phonon-hopping mechanism. The hopping rate is θ-phase dependent that induces exceptional point singularities in the system. Interestingly, while the resonator with Duffing nonlinearity exhibits vanishing entanglement with light, we observe an increase in entanglement between light and the other mechanical resonator. This enhanced entanglement persists longer against thermal fluctuations compared to the one without the nonlinearity. Additionally, this entanglement features a sudden death and revival phenomenon, where the peaks happen at multiples of θ=π2. This work opens another avenue for exploiting nonlinear resources to generate strong quantum entanglement, paving the way for advancements in quantum information processing, quantum sensing, and quantum computing within complex systems.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
CHiMP: deep-learning tools trained on protein crystallization micrographs to enable automation of experiments
Authors: King Oliver N. F. , Levik Karl E. , Sandy James , Basham Mark
Published: October 2024

A group of three deep-learning tools, referred to collectively as CHiMP (Crystal Hits in My Plate), were created for analysis of micrographs of protein crystallization experiments at the Diamond Light Source (DLS) synchrotron, UK. The first tool, a classification network, assigns images into categories relating to experimental outcomes. The other two tools are networks that perform both object detection and instance segmentation, resulting in masks of individual crystals in the first case and masks of crystallization droplets in addition to crystals in the second case, allowing the positions and sizes of these entities to be recorded. The creation of these tools used transfer learning, where weights from a pre-trained deep-learning network were used as a starting point and repurposed by further training on a relatively small set of data. Two of the tools are now integrated at the VMXi macromolecular crystallography beamline at DLS, where they have the potential to absolve the need for any user input, both for monitoring crystallization experiments and for triggering in situ data collections. The third is being integrated into the XChem fragment-based drug-discovery screening platform, also at DLS, to allow the automatic targeting of acoustic compound dispensing into crystallization droplets.
Elevating excellence: a standardized process of training and development for private sector educational SMEs
Authors: Elahi Fazal , Bilal Ahmad Raza
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The study aims to address the critical area of training and development within private educational small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Pakistan. It seeks to develop and standardize training and development process in private sector educational SMEs and establish a structured approach to training with the purpose of unlocking the full potential of the workforce, advancing educators’ professional growth and propelling organizational progress.

Design/methodology/approach

This study employs a meticulous three-phase approach. It begins with insightful interviews with school principals to investigate existing training practices. The subsequent phase involves formulating a comprehensive training and development policy, outlining purpose, scope, responsibilities, procedures and budget allocation. This policy undergoes participatory refinement to cater to specific SME needs. In the third phase, experimental design was adopted. Two groups, the experiment group and the control group, were formulated to check the effectiveness of proposed processes.

Findings

Rigorous statistical analysis, employing paired sample t-tests, unequivocally demonstrates a significant elevation in mean scores post-implementation of standardized training and development process. These findings affirm the efficacy of the policy in enhancing the effectiveness of training and development activities in private sector educational SMEs.

Practical implications

The research highlights profound implications. By establishing a structured approach to training and development, educational SMEs can not only advance educators’ professional growth but also propel organizational progress and enhance education quality. It will provide a structured and step-by-step process to boost the work quality of staff. The study emphasizes the need for consistent implementation.

Originality/value

This research marks a substantial stride in revolutionizing how human capital is cultivated in private sector educational SMEs. It positions them to exert a transformative impact on Pakistan’s educational landscape, furthering the journey toward excellence. The study suggests avenues for future research, including the adaptation of this model to diverse educational contexts and an assessment of its scalability.
Pizza Town Sukkur: sustaining in the current competitive environment
Authors: Memon Ubedullah , Lanjo Asghar Ali , Shaikh Javeria , Khan Mahnoor , Ali Masroor
Published: October 2024

Learning outcomes

After reading this case students will be able to understand the role of General Environment analysis in strategic decision-making; to understand the use of different models such as Porter’s Five Forces, SWOT and resource-based view; and to enable graduates to apply different strategies such as business level and growth strategies and environmental analysis to any company or industry on their own.

Case overview/synopsis

Pizza Town Sukkur, once a popular spot for delicious pizzas, was facing a tough situation. New competition was threatening its success, and the manager, Mr. Faisal Gul, was torn between sticking to old ways or trying new ideas. A surprise invitation to a special industry summit added excitement but also uncertainty. The restaurant, started by Honey Bhai in 2007, used to be a hit, but now it struggled with challenges like not having online ordering and falling behind in marketing. Other pizza places in Sukkur, like Pizza Mart, Pizza King and Pizza Grill, were giving tough competition. The story unfolded in the lively setting of Sukkur's food scene, with Pizza Town at a crossroads – whether to embrace change and technology or risk fading away in the face of new rivals.

Complexity academic level

Undergraduate and Graduate

Supplementary material

Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code

CSS 11: Strategy.
Does integrated reporting offer firms more legitimacy?
Authors: Bansal Manish
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The study delves into the impact of integrating reporting (IR) on three earnings management tools, namely classification shifting (CS), real-based earnings management (REM) and accrual-based earnings management (AEM) under the Indian institutional settings.

Design/methodology/approach

The data analysis involved the application of panel data regression models. Our dataset comprises 2,244 firm-years listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange spanning over financial years from March 2015 to 2021. To address endogeneity and self-selection bias concerns, a propensity score matching technique has been employed.

Findings

Our empirical results exhibit that IR-adopting firms are engaged in earnings management. Further, we find that IR-adopting firms have reduced their engagement in AEM and REM, however, their CS practices have been increased, indicating the substitution relationship between earnings management tools after the adoption of IR. It implies that firms shift their preference from more to less observable earnings management tools after the adoption of the IR, which aligns with the idea that firms adopt IR to gain legitimacy, however, their intention to deceive stakeholders through earnings management remains unchanged. The inclination of firms toward CS can be ascribed to its cost-effectiveness, as it leaves net profit unchanged, hence less likelihood of being detected by auditors. Overall, our results align with the principle of legitimacy theory.

Research limitations/implications

The study focuses exclusively on three primary forms of accounting manipulation and assesses IR holistically, rather than investigating the influence of each capital individually within IR.

Practical implications

With a shift towards less detectable methods like CS, auditors must adapt their scrutiny and be mindful of their clients' IR adoption. Investors should scrutinize IR-adopting firms' financial disclosures, especially line items, as CS does not impact the net profits.

Originality/value

It is the pioneering research to thoroughly explore the impact of IR on different earnings management tools and strengthen the conceptual frameworks of legitimacy theory by documenting that firms adopt IR to gain legitimacy, however their intention to engage in earnings management remains intact.
Green knowledge management: a bibliometric analysis, research trends and future directions
Authors: Ulhaq Irfan , Nayak Rajkishore , George Majo , Nguyen Hung , Quang Huy
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Green knowledge management (GKM) has become a critical factor for modern organizations, offering a multifaceted approach to enhancing business operations while promoting environmental sustainability. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature and explore how GKM helps companies reduce their ecological footprint by digitalizing processes and minimizing physical storage needs, thus aligning with growing expectations for corporate environmental responsibility. The necessity for conducting a GKM review is underscored by the increasing recognition of sustainability, environmental performance and as a critical component of organizational corporate success in the contemporary business landscape.

Design/methodology/approach

This study conducted a bibliometric analysis of 994 papers related to GKM from 2005 until August 2024.

Findings

Over the 20 years of research on GKM, this bibliometric analysis drew the interlinked relationships between main theme of KM in the context of sustainable practices, processes, social and related theories. This study identifies green innovation, digital transformation, green and lean supply chains, leadership and technology tools. Future research can explore themes such as green and lean processes, barriers and enablers, role of leadership and ambidexterity in green supply chain integration using different theoretical lenses.

Research limitations/implications

Although the findings of this study are important to GKM research, there are a number of limitations to this investigation. The research database used exclusively was the Web of Science and Scopus, which contained the indexed papers. Future investigations may draw from various databases, such as EBSCO and Google Scholar. Additionally, the use of topic modelling and other artificial intelligence frameworks could enhance research analysis. Subsequently, research papers may expand their scope to encompass conference papers, books and book chapters, in addition to articles.

Practical implications

This review gives a holistic understanding of GKM practices across various sectors which not only enhances organizational performance but also contributes to broader environmental goals. This study offers an understanding on GKM on holistic approach that combines total quality management (TQM), absorptive capacity and collaborative frameworks to foster innovation and sustainability.

Originality/value

It is evident from the review that research in GKM is evolving gaining momentum. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the GKM literature, from its earliest forms of basic concepts aligned with the sustainability and progressing more into the concepts of GKM adoption for green innovation by highlighting multiple theories, factors and gaps in the studies.
For a new humanism
Authors: Ingold Tim
Published: October 2024

This guest editorial proposes a ‘new humanism’ in response to the challenges facing traditional humanist thought. Although humanism has been criticized by both left‐wing postcolonial and right‐wing populist viewpoints, it is argued that completely renunciating humanist ideas could have harmful effects. Instead, it proposes a revitalized humanism that disregards the previous humanism's emphasis on novelty and advancement at the price of custom and continuity. This new approach emphasizes rejuvenation rather than repudiation of the past and seeks to relearn coexistence with all planetary beings. It challenges accusations of anthropocentrism and Eurocentrism, proposing a ‘multiversal’ conversation that acknowledges human exceptionalism in speech while respecting diverse voices and regional attachments. The guest editorial concludes by calling for a praxis of study, potentially anthropology, that prioritizes the reproduction of human life and its kinship with other beings over technological advancement.
Towards a ‘transformative relationship’: Evans‐Pritchard, mysticism and anthropological fieldwork
Authors: Lee Kit
Published: October 2024

Ongoing attempts to develop a ‘transformative’ relationship between anthropology and theology have exhorted anthropologists to look to theology to ‘unsettle’ existing understandings of the discipline's goals and potential. This article explores the ‘transformative’ relationship between anthropology and theology by examining E.E. Evans‐Pritchard's perspective on fieldwork, influenced by his Catholic faith and mysticism. Evans‐Pritchard saw both fieldwork and mysticism as rooted in shared experiential knowledge, challenging the discipline's secular foundation and reframing the relationship between anthropology and theology as grounded in a shared concern for experiential knowledge. Refiguring participant observation fieldwork in this way – as sharing a fundamental aspect with something as profoundly religious as mysticism – not only disrupts anthropology's understanding of its secular constitution but also reframes the relationship between anthropology and theology. This shift moves the relationship from one barred by a lack of shared beliefs to one potentially grounded in joint attention to and care for experiential knowledge.
Breaking free from linear assumptions: Unravelling the relationship between affective polarization and democratic support
Authors: JANSSEN LISA , TURKENBURG EMMA
Published: October 2024

Scholars increasingly raise concerns about the alleged detrimental impact of affective polarization on citizens’ democratic attitudes. Yet, prior studies on the relationship between affective polarization and democratic support have yielded mixed results: Whereas some scholars report evidence that affective polarization erodes citizens’ support for democracy, others report null findings. In this research note, we posit that one relevant explanation for these mixed results is that the relationship between affective polarization and democratic support is not linear, but rather negatively curvilinear (i.e., an inverted U‐shape). Though extreme levels of affective polarization may harm citizens’ democratic commitments, a moderate amount of affective polarization can strengthen democratic support by heightening the political stakes and stimulating democratic involvement. Employing generalized additive modelling on data from the CNEP collected in Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States, we show strong and robust support for this negatively curvilinear pattern. These findings have important implications for our understanding of the dynamics between affective polarization and democratic support, as well as for the recommended estimation strategies of future studies that aim to explore this relationship.
Anatomical and functional outcomes of rectal prolapse treatment with laparoscopic pelvic organ prolapse suspension versus laparoscopic ventral mesh rectopexy
Authors: Zeinalpour Adel , Bananzadeh Alimohammad , Safarpour Mohammad Mostafa , Shojaei‐Zarghani Sara , Shahidinia Seyede Saeideh , Hosseini Seyed Vahid , Safarpour Ali Reza
Published: October 2024

Aim

Very few studies have compared laparoscopic pelvic organ prolapse suspension (POPS) and laparoscopic ventral mesh rectopexy (LVMR) in the treatment of rectal prolapse, particularly regarding the comparison of improvement rates in obstructed defecation syndrome (ODS). This study aimed to compare the anatomical and functional outcomes of these two methods over a long‐term follow‐up period.

Patients and methods

This retrospective study was conducted on 120 female patients diagnosed with rectal prolapse who underwent surgery at the Colorectal Surgery Department of Shahid Faqihi Hospital in Shiraz, Iran, between October 2015 and October 2022. The patients were categorised into two groups based on their surgical procedures: 58 underwent LVMR in the first group, and 62 underwent POPS in the second group.

Results

Recurrence of prolapse occurred in 7 (12.1%) patients in the LVMR group and 5 (8.1%) patients in the POPS group (P = .550). The mean operation time, mean length of hospital stay, Visual Analogue Scale score, early and late post‐operative complications, Cleveland Clinic Incontinence Score, ODS symptoms, and Wexner Constipation Scores did not differ significantly between the two groups.

Conclusion

Both laparoscopic POPS and LVMR techniques significantly improved the anatomical and functional outcomes in the treatment of rectal prolapse and obstructed defecation. LVMR and POPS can each be considered first‐line treatment options for rectal prolapse, depending on the specific case.
An integrative strategy used by the aphid Uroleucon formosanum to counter host sesquiterpene lactone defense: Insights from combined genomic and transcriptomic analysis
Authors: Li Jing‐Bo , Jiang Li‐Yun , Qiao Ge‐Xia , Chen Jing
Published: October 2024

Insect herbivores adapt and develop strategies to counteract plant chemical defenses. The aphid Uroleucon formosanum is a serious sap‐sucking pest that infests lettuces containing toxic sesquiterpene lactones (STLs). Herein, we employed a combination of genome sequencing and RNA‐seq transcriptome profiling to understand the mechanisms underlying phytotoxin tolerance in U. formosanum. We generated the first chromosome‐level genome assembly for U. formosanum, with a total size of 453.26 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 33.22 Mb. Comparative genomic analyses revealed an enrichment of signals for positive selection and gene family expansion in immune‐related pathways. Specifically, the expanded set of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) genes showed upregulation after treatment with lactucin, suggesting that they may play a role in the immune response against STLs. The expression of takeout‐like genes and cuticle‐associated genes was also significantly increased in the lactucin‐treated samples. Additionally, 53 cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, 30 carboxylesterase, 19 glutathione S‐transferase, 32 uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferase and 63 ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes were identified in the U. formosanum genome. CYP4C1, CYP6A13 and 7 ABC genes were strongly upregulated in response to lactucin treatment, indicating the involvement of detoxifying enzymes in the tolerance of U. formosanum to STLs. Our findings suggest that the cuticle barrier, immune response and enzyme‐mediated metabolic detoxification jointly enhance the tolerance of U. formosanum to phytotoxins and promote its adaptation to host plants. This study presents a valuable genomic resource and provides insights into insect adaptation to plant chemical challenges and future technological developments for pest management.
Suicide methods and severe mental illness: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Trott M. , Suetani S. , Arnautovska U. , Kisely S. , Kar Ray M. , Theodoros T. , Le V. , Leske S. , Lu M. , Soole R. , Warren N. , Siskind D.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

People with severe mental illness (SMI) have a higher risk of suicide compared with the general population. However, variations in suicide methods between people with different SMIs have not been examined. The aim of this pre‐registered (PROSPERO CRD42022351748) systematic review was to pool the odds of people with SMI who die by suicide versus those with no SMI, stratified by suicide method.

Methods

Searches were conducted on December 11, 2023 across PubMed, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and Embase. Eligible studies were those that reported suicide deaths stratified by SMI and suicide methods. Studies were pooled in a random‐effects meta‐analysis, and risk of bias was measured by the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist.

Results

After screening, 12 studies were eligible (n = 380,523). Compared with those with no SMI, people with schizophrenia had 3.38× higher odds of jumping from heights (95% CI: 2.08–5.50), 1.93× higher odds of drowning (95% CI: 1.50–2.48). People with bipolar disorder also had 3.2× higher odds of jumping from heights (95% CI: 2.70–3.78). Finally, people with major depression had 3.11× higher odds of drug overdose (95% CI: 1.53–6.31), 2.11× higher odds of jumping from heights (95% CI: 1.93–2.31), and 2.33× lower odds of dying by firearms (OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.33–0.56). No studies were classified as high risk of bias, and no outcomes had high levels of imprecision or indirectness.

Conclusion

These findings could inform lethal means counselling practices in this population. Additionally individual, clinical, community and public health interventions for people with SMI should prioritise, where feasible, means restriction including access to heights or drugs to overdose.
Standard v mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the supine modified lithotomy position: a randomized pilot study on 10–25 mm stones
Authors: McCahy Philip , Dat Anthony , Gilbourd Daniel , Paul Eldho , Shahbaz Shekib
Published: October 2024

Background

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is the recommended treatment for stones >2 cm in size. The majority of PCNL are still conducted with larger telescopes using tracts up to 30F in size. We have conducted a randomized pilot study comparing mini PCNL with our standard 22F PCNL for renal stones between 10 and 25 mm in diameter.

Methods

Patients were randomized to either PCNL (24F Amplatz sheath/22F nephrosocope) or mini PCNL (18F Amplatz sheath/11F nephroscope). All operations were performed in the modified supine position. Patients were reviewed with imaging to assess stone clearance and complications.

Results

Eighteen well matched patients were randomized. All procedures were completed as planned and all were tubeless with no complications. There were no differences in operative time, analgesia requirements or length of stay. Seven of nine (77.75%) standard PCNL were completely stone free at CT review with a 2 mm and a 5 mm fragments in the other patients. Four (44.4%) of the mini PCNL group were stone free, with stone fragments 4–10 mm remaining in the others. 40 patients/arm would be required for an adequately powered study.

Conclusion

There was no advantage in using mini PCNL compared to our standard 24F PCNL in this pilot study. There may be benefits in using mini PCNL compared to the more widely used 30F PCNL and it may be a more cost‐effective alternative to laser pyeloscopic stone procedures.
Maternal and Neonatal Consequences of Early Augmentation of Labor Among Women With Spontaneous Onset of Labor: A National Population‐Based Study
Authors: Girault Aude , Blondel Béatrice , Fraser William , Goffinet François , Le Ray Camille
Published: October 2024

Background

While some labor interventions are essential in preventing maternal and neonatal morbidity, there is little evidence to support systematic early augmentation of labor (EAL). Our objective was to assess the association between EAL and cesarean delivery rate, postpartum hemorrhage and adverse neonatal outcomes.

Methods

Population‐based study using data from the 2016 French Perinatal Survey. Women with a singleton cephalic fetus, delivering at term after a spontaneous labor were included. “EAL” was defined by artificial rupture of the membranes (AROM) and/or oxytocin within 1 h of admission and/or duration between interventions of less than 1 h. Women without EAL were women without labor augmentation or without EAL. The primary endpoint, cesarean delivery and the secondary endpoints were compared between women with and without EAL using univariate analysis. A multivariable logistic regression was adjusted on the suspected confounders and a propensity score approach was then performed.

Results

Among the 7196 women included, 1524 (21.2%) had EAL. Cesarean delivery rates were significantly higher in the EAL group compared with the no EAL group, 8.40% versus 6.15% (p < 0.01). EAL was associated with cesarean delivery in the multivariable analysis aOR 1.45 95% CI [1.15–1.82] and in the cohort matched on the propensity score, OR 1.56 [1.17–2.07]. EAL was not associated with severe postpartum hemorrhage, low 5‐min Apgar score, low neonatal cord pH or transfer to NICU.

Conclusion

EAL is frequent, involving one in five spontaneous laboring women in France. This practice is associated with an increased cesarean delivery risk.
When do people switch queues? An empirical study of discretionary queue switching at a physical examination center
Authors: Li Yi‐Na , Cui Zhijian , Ji Junkai , Wei Jiuchang
Published: October 2024

Automatic queueing systems have been applied in many practical settings to guide customers through a sequence of service stages and achieve efficient queueing. However, our field observations of queueing from a large‐scale physical examination center, which adopts an automatic assignment system with the option of discretionary switching, reveal a relatively high likelihood of queue‐switching requests. That is, many queuers request overriding the algorithm's sequence and ask for a different one, leading to increased total waiting times. Motivated by these observations, this study investigates the behavioral mechanisms behind driving queuers’ switching decisions. Specifically, we examine the roles of two competing mechanisms as the waiting progresses: the motivation to explore a better opportunity (to reduce waiting time) and the consumption of cognitive resources for self‐control to adhere to the assigned queue. Our empirical results reveal a U‐shaped relationship between the examinees’ tendency to switch and the service progress. This U‐shaped relationship steepens when more (vs. less) queuers are ahead of the focal examinee and when the time is (vs. is not) “on an hour” (e.g., 9:00 and 10:00). This study contributes to the behavioral theory of queueing systems through a novel perspective highlighting the competing mechanisms driving individuals’ algorithm aversion behavior (i.e., queue switching) during the progress of multiple services, providing insights into how to design efficient queueing systems.
Husserl's Analogical Axiological Reason: A Phenomenology of Wish Feeling Fulfillment
Authors: Byrne Thomas
Published: October 2024

The most contentious tenet of Husserl's phenomenology of feelings is his conclusion that there is an analogy between axiological reason and theoretical reason. Simply, Husserl asserts that the axiological validation of feelings is analogical to the theoretical validation of judgments. While the scholarship has debated the merits of Husserl's analogy over the last 120 years, this paper presents a new accurate interpretation, because it is the first to highlight how Husserl develops this analogy by most often comparing the fulfillment of judgments to the fulfillment of wish feeling intentions. Specifically, I examine how Husserl analogizes wish fulfillment to theoretical fulfillment at different times; in the 1901 Logical Investigations, in his 1908 Lectures on Ethics, and in 1910 manuscripts from Studien zur Struktur des Bewusstseins. In light of this original interpretation, I conclude by arguing – contra popular readings – that Husserl does not over‐intellectualize feelings and their validation.
Fungal endometritis associated with embryonic loss in a maiden mare
Authors: Gunn A. , Clark B. , Stephen C. , Simpson E.
Published: October 2024

Fungal endometritis and placentitis have been reported as a rare but important cause of infertility in the mare. There are no reported clinical cases of fungal endometritis causing embryonic loss in the mare. This case report aims to highlight the potential of fungal endometritis as an aetiological agent in embryonic loss in the mare; an incidental diagnosis of a case of fungal endometritis and embryonic loss while undertaking routine pregnancy assessments in a Standardbred mare. After a positive pregnancy diagnosis after 13 days post‐ovulation, a mare was diagnosed with endometritis and pregnancy loss associated with the growth of an unusual fungus, likely of the Acremonium spp., 28 days post‐ovulation. While fungal embryonic loss is rare, it should be considered a potential reason for pregnancy wastage in the mare.
Financial Modelling System Using Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) for Financial Risk Assessments
Authors: Naveed Hafiz Muhammad , Yanchun Pan , Memon Bilal Ahmed , Ali Shoaib , Sohu Jan Muhammad
Published: October 2024

The FOREX market assessment is a big challenge for investors and global risk managers. However, the present study uses daily multicurrency exchange rate returns data from 2007 to 2022 to estimate the learning returns performance of the proposed model to find a safe‐haven currency for optimal investment strategy. The categorical returns are classified into good returns (GRs), bad returns (BRs) and no returns (NRs). Therefore, the present study needs to use a one‐hot‐encoding function to convert a categorical dataset into a numeric format with TensorFlow. The present study proposes a deep neural network‐based multilayer perceptron (DNN‐based MLP) with a backpropagation algorithm to estimate the learning returns performance of the proposed model to find a safe‐haven currency for optimal investment strategy. The findings showed that currency exchange rate return 2 (CERR2) is relatively a safe‐haven currency than currency exchange rate return 1 (CERR1) and currency exchange rate return 3 (CERR3). Moreover, the findings also showed that the proposed model gives optimal learning return performance. This study may assist FOREX investors to modify their investment strategies under shed light of findings of the study. In addition, the findings of the present study may also support global risk managers to revisit their hedging strategies.
Pricing and bundling decisions for complementary products in an agency selling platform with risk‐averse suppliers and stochastic demand
Authors: Hemmati M. , Ghomi S.M.T. Fatemi , Li Hongyan
Published: October 2024

The exponential rise of e‐commerce has prompted many companies to utilize online platforms (e‐tailers) to sell their products. Agency selling is a prevalent policy among e‐tailers where suppliers determine retail prices of their products, and the e‐tailer charges an agency rate. This paper investigates the selling format and pricing problem of two risk‐averse suppliers who sell complementary products on the e‐tailer's platform. The e‐tailer can offer products separately and as a bundle. A game‐theoretic analysis reveals that the equilibrium prices of individual products and the bundle uniquely exist. The study explores that the e‐tailer does not always benefit from a higher agency rate. Furthermore, the agency rate can influence the superiority of mixed bundling over separate selling. Moreover, a mixed‐bundling strategy may hurt the supplier's profitability which is sensitive to marginal costs and the degree of risk aversion. Finally, when demand correlation increases, the supplier sets a lower price to mitigate the risk cost.
Effect of race on outcome following kidney and kidney–pancreas transplantation in type I diabetics: the South‐Eastern Organ Procurement Foundation experience*
Authors: Douzdjian Viken , Thacker Leroy R. , Blanton John W.
Published: October 2024

In this study we analyze the South‐Eastern Organ Procurement Foundation (SEOPF) experience with kidney and kidney‐pancreas transplantation in IDDM recipients and evaluate the impact of racial disparity on patient and graft outcome. Data obtained from 4413 kidney‐alone and 884 pancreas transplants performed in White and Black type I diabetics at member institutions of SEOPF between 10/1/87 and 7/25/96 were analyzed. Survival data from 15,827 transplants performed during the same period of time in non‐diabetics were available for comparison. A lesser proportion of pancreas recipients were Black compared to kidney‐alone (12% vs 23%, p<0.0005). Recipient race had no effect on patient survival in any of the groups studied. Kidney graft survival, on the other hand, was adversely affected by Black race in both non‐diabetic and diabetic recipients of a kidney transplant but not in diabetics who received a combined pancreas‐kidney transplant. As was the case for patient survival in diabetics, recipient race had no effect on pancreas graft survival. Cox Regression analysis showed that kidney‐pancreas transplant (p=0.034, RR=0.49) and female recipient gender (p=0.046, RR=0.68) were associated with a lower risk of failure of the pancreas graft. The following factors were independent predictors of kidney graft outcome: Donor age (p=0.0001, RR=0.95), kidneypancreas transplant (p=0.0004, RR=0.58), AB match (p=0.001, RR=0.86), DR match (p=0.006, RR=0.82), preservation time (p=0.012, RR=1.01), Black recipient race (p=0.047, RR=1.23) and living donor (p=0.06, RR=0.73). Our findings suggest that the effect of race on graft outcome observed in non‐diabetic and, to a lesser extent, diabetic kidney‐alone transplant recipients, is not present after kidney‐pancreas transplantation.
The significance of the IgG anti‐B‐cell crossmatch on renal transplant outcome
Authors: Ghasemian Seyed R. , Light Jimmy A. , Currier Charles B. , Sasaki Truman , Aquino Alex , Rees John , Ward William , Carr James
Published: October 2024

Transplantation in the presence of anti‐class I antibodies usually results in allograft hyperacute rejection. Because of the perception of its uncertain clinical significance, B‐cell crossmatch which identifies presence of anti‐class II antibodies is not universally performed. In a retrospective study, the clinical course of renal transplant recipients with IgG anti‐B‐cell antibodies was analyzed and compared with case control patients transplanted contemporaneously, matched demographically and immunologically. The incidence of hyperacute, acute, and chronic rejection as well as graft loss were significantly higher in the group with anti‐IgG B‐cell antibodies compared to the control. We conclude that anti‐B‐cell IgG antibodies are harmful to allografts with a spectrum of events that include hyperacute, acute, vascular and chronic rejection. While allografts were successful in some patients, our experience suggests caution whenever anti‐donor B‐cell IgG is present. If transplants are performed, then more potent immunosuppression should be used.
Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion affects leukocyte rolling and velocity
Authors: Brown Mark F. , Zibari Gazi , Burney Donna , Granger D. Neil , McDonald John C.
Published: October 2024

Mechanisms of injury in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury are poorly defined. Leukocytes are thought to be important in the final mechanism of hepatic damage. We intend to show the time course of abnormal leukocyte activity in the liver after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Left lobar hepatic ischemia was induced for 20 min in anesthetized C57B1‐6 mice. Measurements were taken at control, reperfusion, and matching sham times (no ischemia) of 2, 5, 12, and 24 h. Measurements were taken using rhodamine and fluorescein enhanced intravital microscopy. Post sinusoidal venules were evaluated for numbers of rolling leukocytes, leukocyte saltation, and leukocyte velocity. Data are expressed as number of rolling leukocytes per 100 μm venule length (2 min). Statistical analysis was by ANOVA. The number of rolling leukocytes at 5, 12, and 24 h of reperfusion (p<0.001) was significantly higher than control and sham‐operated animals. Leukocyte velocities were significantly slower in the 12 h I/R group when compared to sham animals (p< 0.001). These data show that there are definable and quantifiable changes in leukocyte kinetics in the liver after ischemia/reperfusion. These changes, which lasted for 24 h, are likely due to upregulation of various endothelial cell adhesion molecules. Delineation of these mechanisms may be important in disease states such as shock, sepsis. and hepatic transplantation.
Lipoprotein pattern in end‐stage renal disease and following successful renal transplantation
Authors: Banyai‐Falger S. , Gottsauner‐Wolf M. , Stepan E. , Strobl W. , Jansen M. , Heinz G. , Hörl W. H. , Derfler K.
Published: October 2024

Lipoprotein abnormalities are common in uremia and frequently persist after successful renal transplantation (RT). Based on the influence of immunosuppression on lipoprotein metabolism, this prospective study in 76 patients has been focused on lipoprotein pattern in end‐stage renal disease and after successful RT during a follow‐up period of 18 months. Additionally, the influence of different immunosuppressive regimes has been evaluated. Hyperlipidemia was present in 32% of the patients before and in 59% after grafting. Total cholesterol was 5.42±1.57 mmol/l (mean (SD) before RT and continuously and significantly increased during the entire observation period, being highest 18 months after RT (6.8±1.63 mmol/l; p<0.01). This was mainly due to an increase in LDL‐cholesterol (before RT: 3.68 (1.41 mmol/1; 18 months after RT: 4.69±1.88 mmol/l; p< 0.05) while HDL‐cholesterol values only slightly increased (before RT: 0.99±0.36 mmol/1; 18 months after RT: 1.13±0.3 mmol /1; p<0.05). Changes in total HDL‐cholesterol were mainly due to an increase in HDL 3, while HDL 2 moderately increasing remained at low concentrations. As corticosteroid dosage was substantially reduced during the entire observation period, other factors such as cyclosporin A have to be considered for hyperlipidemia in renal transplant recipients. The observation on LDL‐cholesterol being highest 18 months after transplantation suggests lipid lowering interventions to be indicated and might improve long‐term outcome in renal transplant recipients.
Remission of transplanted melanoma ‐ clinical course and tumour cell characterisation
Authors: Elder Grahame J. , Hersey Peter , Branley Pauline
Published: October 2024

The recipient of a cadaveric kidney was found to have donor melanoma within the graft together with metastatic spread. After cessation of immunosuppression, the kidney rejected and was removed. One month later there was both clinical and radiological evidence of remission and at autopsy 5 months later there was no histological evidence of melanoma. The outcome for recipients of other organs from the same donor was varied. Tumour cells expressed HLA class 1 antigens mismatched in the recipient and mRNA for the costimulator B7, and the cytokines GM‐CSF, IL‐1 alpha and beta. These characteristics may have been important in the host immunological response.
Differential contribution of graft and recipient to perioperative TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6 and IL‐8 levels and correlation with early graft function in clinical liver transplantation
Authors: Boros Peter , Suehiro Taketoshi , Curtiss Steve , Sheiner Patricia , Emre Sukru , Guy Stephen , Schwartz Myron E. , Miller Charles M.
Published: October 2024

Cytokines, produced by both the recipient and the newly vascularized allograft, are central mediators in the inflammatory response to allografted tissue. This study examines the relationship between preand intraoperative levels of TNF, IL‐1, IL‐6, and IL‐8 and hepatic allograft function in the early postoperative period and also determines which cytokines are produced in a significant amount by the newly vascularized allograft. Baseline levels of IL‐6 and IL‐8 tended to be higher in patients with more advanced disease and showed an increase during the anhepatic period. TNF and IL‐1 remained stable from baseline to anhepatic phase. IL‐1 showed an increase from portal vein to effluent samples, suggesting that the graft has an important contribution to circulating IL‐1 levels. Analysis of the data according to early graft performance revealed extremely high levels of effluent IL‐1, IL‐6 and IL‐8, and the prolonged elevation of the latter two cytokines in patients with poor early graft function. Our findings demonstrate that sequential perioperative measurements of proinflammatory cytokines can be useful in monitoring graft function.
Unexpectedly low immunocompetence in transplant patients on ketoconazole
Authors: Watanabe Takuji , Gao Zu Hua , Shinozuka Nozomi , Schulick Richard D. , Kuo Alexander , Burdick James F.
Published: October 2024

The P450 inhibitor ketoconazole may be used to decrease the dose, and therefore cost, of cyclosporine (CYA) by greatly decreasing the dose necessary to obtain therapeutic levels. However, the degree of immunosuppression produced using this drug regimen is not certain. We studied the immunocompetence of patients that had been started on ketoconazole to reduce the dose of CYA compared with patients treated conventionally. 95 assays were done in 64 patients including 6 assays in patients receiving low dose CYA plus ketoconazole. Immunocompetence was tested by measuring the mixed lymphocyte response using stimulators either nondepleted (ND) or depleted (D) of antigen presenting cells, based on the finding that CYA inhibits the response against D at a lower dose than against ND. Responses to ND/D ranged from +/+ through +/‐ to ‐/‐. Normal individuals were always +/+. In conventionally treated patients with CYA the incidence of immunocompetence ≤ +/‐ was 48%, whereas all patients on CYA+ ketoconazole had an immunocompetence score ≤ +/‐ (p=0.03, x2). This degree of immunosuppression contrasted strikingly with the chemical levels, which for those on ketoconazole were in the low acceptable area (182.3±77.1 ng/ml range from 67 to 230 ng/ml). Therefore, patients using low‐dose CYA plus ketoconazole to inhibit metabolism were more immunosuppressed than those receiving conventional CYA treatment, in spite of comparable CYA blood levels. If confirmed, this unexpectedly depressed immunocompetence in these patients would warrant caution in general regarding interpretation of trough blood levels in patients receiving CYA that are also being treated with agents that alter P450 activity.