bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Rumen Microbiota in The Susceptibility of Subacute Ruminal Acidosis in Dairy Cows
Authors: Hu Xiaoyu , Mu Ruiying , Maimaiti Tuniyazi. , Gao Jian , Zhao Caijun , Cao Yongguo , Fu Yunhe , Zhang Naisheng
Published: March 2021

Background: Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is a well-recognized metabolic disease that has negative impact on the animal performance and health. SARA in cows is mainly caused by long-term high-concentration diet (HCD) feeding, however, some cows are so well adapted to the HCD that do not develop such condition while others are more susceptible. We speculated the difference may be associated with the rumen microbiota community. Here, we analyzed the rumen bacterial and fungal microbiota from SARA-resistance and SARA-prone cows before and after feeding with HCD for six weeks. Results: The 16S rRNA sequencing analysis showed that the rumen bacterial community in SARA-prone cows had lower bacterial diversity and higher relative abundance of unidentified_Spirochaetaceae and Anaeroplasma comparing to those of SARA-resistance cow. Moreover, the abundance of Stenotrophomonas were increased in SARA-positive compared to SARA-negative cows. In addition, the ITS1-IF sequencing analysis indicated that the abundance of Fusarium_oxysporum and Papiliotrema_laurentii were different in SARA-prone and SARA-resistance cows. Furthermore, feeding with HCD significantly increased the Sarocladium_zea, Meyerozyma_caribbica, and Fusarium_oxysporum, while decreaed Wallemia_sebi in rumen microbiota. These results suggested that the abundance of unidentified_Spirochaetaceae, Anaeroplasma, Fusarium_oxysporum, and Papiliotrema_laurentii in rumen maybe connected to the susceptibility of SARA in dairy cows. In addition, SARA provocation was increased the pathogenic Stenotrophomonas, Sarocladium_zea, Meyerozyma_caribbica, and Fusarium_oxysporum in rumen. Conclusions: This study suggested that manipulating rumen microbiota will serve as a novel approach for preventing the development of SARA in dairy cows in future studies.
Effects of low occlusal loading on the neuromuscular behavioral development of cortically-elicited jaw movements in growing rats
Authors: Aung Phyo Thura , Kato Chiho , Fujita Akiyo , Abe Yasunori , Ogawa Takuya , Ishidori Hideyuki , Okihara Hidemasa , Kokai Satoshi , Ono Takashi
Published: March 2021

The effect of altered occlusal force on masticatory-related neuromuscular control, which projects from the anterior part of the cortical masticatory area (A-CMA), during growth remains unclear. This study sought to evaluate the effect of occlusal hypofunction on neuromuscular development of jaw muscle activities and cortically-induced rhythmic jaw movements (RJMs) in growing rats. Sixty-four two-week-old male albino Wistar rats were divided into the control (fed normal diet) and experimental (fed soft diet) groups soon after weaning. Electromyographic activity was recorded at 5, 7, 9, and 11 weeks from the right masseter and anterior digastric along with RJMs. We found a significantly longer onset latency and smaller peak-to-peak amplitude in the experimental group than that in the control group. The RJMs showed an increase in gape size and lateral excursion until up to 9 weeks in both groups. However, both the average gape size and lateral excursion were significantly smaller in the experimental group than that in the control group after 9 weeks. The jaw movement pattern also showed a significant decrease at the maximum opening period in the experimental group. Our findings indicate that inadequate occlusal function during growth alters neuromuscular control of masticatory behaviors and impairs the pattern of RJMs.
Microbiota alterations in proline metabolism impact on depression through GABA and ECM homeostasis
Authors: Mayneris-Perxachs Jordi , Arnoriaga-Rodríguez María , Martín Miquel , Burokas Aurelijus , Blasco Gerard , Coll Clàudia , Escrichs Anira , Biarnés Carles , Moreno-Navarrete José Maria , Puig Josep , Garre Josep , Ramos Rafael , Pedraza Salvador , Brugada Ramón , Vilanova Joan C , Serena Joaquín , Gich Jordi , Ramió-Torrentà Lluís , Pérez-Brocal Vicente , Moya Andrés , Pamplona Reinald , Sol Joaquim , Jové Mariona , Ricart Wifredo , Portero-Otin Manuel , Deco Gustavo , Maldonado Rafael , Fernandez-Real Jose-Manuel
Published: March 2021

The microbiota-gut-brain axis has emerged as a novel target in depression, a disorder with low treatment efficacy. However, the field is dominated by underpowered studies focusing on major depression not addressing microbiome functionality, compositional nature, or confounding factors. We applied a multi-omics approach combining pre-clinical models with three human cohorts including mild-depressed patients. Microbial functions and metabolites converging into glutamate/GABA metabolism, particularly proline, were linked to depression. Whole-brain dynamics revealed rich club network disruptions associated with depression and circulating proline. Proline supplementation in mice exacerbated depression along with microbial translocation. Human microbiota transplantation induced an emotional-impaired phenotype in mice and alterations in GABA-, proline-, and extracellular matrix-related pre-frontal cortex genes. Targeting the microbiome and dietary proline may open new windows for an efficient depression treatment.
Sustainable Self-Compacting Concrete Containing High-Amount Industrial By-Product Fly Ash As Supplementary Cementitious Materials
Authors: zhao hui , Sun Wei , Wu Xiaoming , Gao Bo
Published: March 2021

Nowadays, utilizing large amount industrial by-product fly ash (FA) as the alternatives for cement in self-compacting concrete (SCC) had attracted more attention. In this study, FA was employed in SCC at five levels (0 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %). The mechanical behaviors, the water porosity, the transport properties and the sustainability of FA series SCC were investigated. At the initial curing stage (3 days), the use of FA in SCC reduces mechanical properties, increases water porosity, water absorption and water absorption coefficient (sorptivity) of SCC. FA series SCC have the lower resistance against carbon dioxide attack, chloride ion penetration than cement -based SCC. The prolonging curing time is beneficial to improve the long-term behaviors of FA- blended SCC. After SCC made with 20 %, 30 %, 40 % FA water-curing for 90 days, there are an reduction of 0.44-2.09 % in the mechanical behaviors and an increase of 0.082-0.41 % in the water porosity, compared to pure-cement SCC. Beyond the content of FA (40 %), the differences of the mechanical properties and the water porosity between SCC with 50 % FA and fully cement SCC are below the value of 2.5 %. With the progress of the curing time, the largest reduction rates of the water absorption and the sorptivity were found in 50 % FA-blended SCC. Utilizing 50 % FA in SCC reduces the total charge passed values of SCC. The manufacture of 50 % FA-blended SCC has the lowest energy consumption and released amounts of CO2, NOx, SOx in all SCC mixtures. The application of high-level FA in SCC is the positive assistance to prepare sustainable SCC with satisfying long-term behaviors.
Application of Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis to Identify Key Modules and Hub Genes in Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Zhou Mi , Guo Ruru , Wang Yongfei , Yang Wanling , Li Rongxiu , Lu Liangjing
Published: March 2021

Background: Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) is a severe autoinflammatory disorder whose molecular mechanism is still not clearly defined. To better understand the disease using scattered datasets from public domains, we performed a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify key modules and hub genes underlying sJIA pathogenesis.Methods: Two gene expression datasets, GSE7753 and GSE13501, were used to construct WGCNA. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were applied to the entirety of genes and the hub genes in the sJIA modules. Cytoscape was used to screen and visualize the hub genes. We further compared the hub genes with the GWAS genes and used a consensus WGCNA analysis to prove that our conclusions are conservative and reproducible across multiple independent data sets. Results: A total of 5414 genes were obtained for WGCNA, from which highly correlated genes were divided into 17 modules. The red module demonstrated the highest correlation with the sJIA module (r =0.8, p=3e−29), while the green-yellow module was found to be closely related to the non-sJIA module (r =0.62, p=1e−14). Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that the red module was largely enriched in activation of immune responses, infection, nucleosome and erythrocyte, the green-yellow module was mostly enriched in immune responses and inflammation. Additionally, the hub genes in the red module were highly enriched in erythrocyte differentiation, including ALAS2, AHSP, TRIM10, TRIM58 and KLF1. The hub genes from the green-yellow module were mainly associated with immune responses, exemplified by genes such as KLRB1, KLRF1, CD160, KIRs etc.Conclusion: We identified sJIA-related modules and several hub genes that might be associated with the development of sJIA. The two modules may help understand the mechanisms of sJIA and the hub genes may become biomarkers and therapeutic targets of sJIA in the future.
Novel Chloroflexi genomes from the deepest ocean reveal metabolic strategies for the adaptation to deep-sea habitats
Authors: Liu Rulong , Wei Xing , Wang Li , Cao Junwei , Song Weizhi , Wu Jiaxin , Thomas Torsten , Jin Tao , Wei Wenxia , Wei Yuli , Zhai Haofeng , Yao Cheng , Shen Ziyi , Fang Jiasong
Published: March 2021

Background: The deep-sea harbors the majority of the microbial biomass on Earth, and is a key site for organic matter (OM) remineralization and storage in the biosphere. Microbial metabolisms in the deep ocean are greatly controlled by the generally depleted but periodically fluctuating supply of OM. Currently, little is known about metabolic potentials of dominant deep-sea microbes to cope with the variable OM inputs, especially for those living in the hadal trenches - the deepest part of the ocean. Results: In this study, we report the first extensive examination of the metabolic potentials of hadal sediment Chloroflexi, a dominant phylum in hadal trenches and the global deep ocean. Sixty-two metagenome-assembled-genomes (MAGs) were reconstructed from nine metagenomic datasets derived from sediments of the Mariana Trench. These MAGs represent six novel species, four novel genera, one novel family and one novel order within the classes Anaerolinea and Dehalococcoidia. Fragment recruitment showed that these MAGs are globally distributed in deep-sea waters and surface sediments, and transcriptomic analysis indicated their in-situ activities. Metabolic reconstruction showed that hadal Chloroflexi mainly have a heterotrophic lifestyle, with the potential to degrade a wide range of organic carbon, sulfur and halogenated compounds. Our results reveal for the first time that hadal Chloroflexi harbor pathways for the complete hydrolytic or oxidative degradation of various recalcitrant OM, including aromatic compounds (e.g. benzoate), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (e.g. fluorene), polychlorobiphenyl (e.g. 4-chlorobiphenyl) and organochlorine compounds (e.g. chloroalkanes, chlorocyclohexane). Moreover, these organisms show the potential to synthesize energy storage compounds (e.g. trehalose), and have regulatory modules to respond to changes in nutrient conditions. These metabolic traits lead us to postulate that the Chloroflexi may follow a “feast and famine” metabolic strategy, which allows them to efficiently consume labile OM and store the energy under rich OM conditions, and to survive under OM limitations by utilizing stored energy and degrading recalcitrant OM. Conclusion: This study expands the knowledge on metabolic processes in deep-ocean Chlorolfexi, and highlights their significance in deep-sea carbon, sulfur and halogen cycles. The metabolic plasticity likely provides Chloroflexi with advantages for the survival under variable and heterogenic OM inputs in the deep ocean.
Substance P/neurokinin1 receptor is associated with the expression of cardiac stem/pluripotency-associated genes in diabetic right and left atria
Authors: Jeong Yun-Mi , Lee Sora , Kim Weon
Published: March 2021

Substance P (SP) is a cardioprotective neuropeptide that interacts with the G protein-coupled neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R). Although the expression of SP/NK1R in the right atrium (RA) of diabetic patients is known to be significantly impaired, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. LETO and OLETF rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: saline, SP injection (5 nmole/kg), and SP+RP injection (1 mg/kg RP67580, a selective non-peptide tachykinin NK1R antagonist). After 3 weeks, the left atrium (LA), RA, and left ventricle (LV) of the rats were collected. Cardiac stem/pluripotency-associated genes in the diabetic atria of each group were comprehensively examined using qRT-PCR analysis. qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that only the RA of SP-treated OLETF rats exhibited significantly higher levels of alpha-SMA, GATA4, TBX5, and Klf4 in the mRNA, compared to the control. RP prevented the expression of NK1R and four SP-associated genes in the RA of SP-treated OLETF rats. In conclusion, our findings provide novel mechanistic insights into the role of NK1R in diabetic atria.
Hematidrosis: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Strategy
Authors: Wang Zhaoyue , Yin Jie , Yu Ziqiang , Han Yue , Cao Lijuan , Kong Danqing , Gu Chengyuan , Bai Xia , Zhang Xinyou
Published: March 2021

Background: Hematidrosis is an extremely rare and mysterious disorder. The etiology and pathophysiology of this disorder remain mostly unknown, and there is no specific therapeutic strategy available up to now.Methods: The clinical features, hemostatic and other laboratory tests, and bloody exudates of seven patients were investigated, and histologic examination of the affected skin was performed. They were treated with a new therapeutic regimen. Results: The bleeding episodes could appear under different conditions, but often following physical or emotional stress, with some prodromes. The frequency and amount of bleeding varied with each individual. The effluent bloody samples showed all the components of the peripheral blood, mingled with a few epithelial cells. Histologic examination of the affected skin showed normal sweat glands containing no blood. Each of patients was treated individually, and a multi-drug "cocktail therapy" regimen mainly consisting of beta-receptor blocker, anxiolytic, and histamine H1/H2 receptor antagonists proved successful. Although most patients could relapse within 6 to 12 months, the treatment was still effective and they were finally cured. Conclusion: nervous system-hypothalamus-autonomic nervous system pathway in association with histaminergic activation. A multi-drug "cocktail therapy" in accordance to this hypothesis would become a new effective regimen.
Patients Experiences with Multiple Sclerosis Disease-Modifying Therapies in Daily Life - a Qualitative Interview Study
Authors: Barabasch Anna , Riemann-Lorenz Karin , Scheiderbauer Jutta , Kleiter Ingo , Morrison Rebecca , Kofahl Christopher , Heesen Christoph
Published: March 2021

Background: Besides coping with a disease with many uncertainties, people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis face complex decisions concerning disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). In an interview study, we aimed to assess patients’ experiences with DMTs. Methods: Problem-centred interviews were conducted with 50 people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in Germany using maximum variation sampling and covering all licensed DMTs. Data were analysed thematically using deductive and inductive categories. Results: 47 of 50 patients had treatment with at least one of the approved DMTs. The main themes were: 1) starting a DMT, 2) switching to another DMT, 3) discontinuing a DMT, and 4) multiple sclerosis without starting a DMT. Different intercorrelated factors influenced the decision-making processes for or against a DMT. Individual experiences with DMTs in daily life contained the effort in administration, success, and failure of DMTs, coping strategies and well-being without DMTs. The decision-making process for or against a DMT and the use of those treatments can be understood as a constant, continually shifting process, complicated by different factors, which change over time. Experiences with DMTs were characterized by attempts to handle uncertainty and to (re)gain control and integrate adaptivity into one’s life. Conclusion: The study provides a rich and nuanced amount of patients’ experiences with DMTs. The findings demonstrate the importance for practitioners to look at current life circumstances of patients with multiple sclerosis when recommending a DMT and to promote and enable patients to make informed decisions.
Analysis of Risk Allele Frequencies of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Related to Open-angle Glaucoma in Different Ethnic Groups 
Authors: Shin Hyun-Tae , Yoon Byung Woo , SEO JEHYUN
Published: March 2021

Background: The prevalence of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) varies from 0.5% to 7.0% among populations of diverse ancestry, suggesting the existence of genetic differences. The purposes of this study were to provide insights into genetic causes of OAG, which can result in prevalence and phenotype differences among populations of diverse ancestry for OAG, and to compare allele frequencies of intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation-related SNPs in OAG among Koreans and other ethnic groups.Methods: We collected the data on a total of 135 OAG-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from a genome-wide association studies (GWAS) catalog. The population-level allele frequencies of these SNPs were derived based on the 1000 Genomes Project and Korean Reference Genome Database. We used Fisher's exact test to assess whether the effect allele at a given SNP was significantly enriched or depleted.Results: European, American, and South Asian populations showed similar heatmap patterns, while African, East Asian, and Korean populations had distinct patterns. Korean population presented different profiles compared to other groups; rs1579050 (FMNL2 gene), rs2024211 (CAV2;CAV1), and rs8141433 (GNB1L;TXNRD2 gene), which are known to be associated with IOP variation, were enriched in Americans, Europeans, and Africans, and depleted in Koreans. These can be the candidates for the causative genes of differences in the prevalence of IOP variation in OAG according to ethnic groups.Conclusions: Differences in allele frequencies associated with IOP related SNPs between Koreans and other ethnicities were observed, which may explain the high prevalence of OAG with normal IOP predominantly in Koreans and East Asians.
Text-based Analysis of the Geographic Spread of the COVID-19 Pandemic in China
Authors: Wang Jiaobei , Li Gang , Jin Annan , Xu Tingting , Nie Qifan
Published: March 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic spread rapidly due to the mass migration during the Spring Festival in China, bringing a significant public health challenge. This study aims to explore the pattern of COVID-19 diffusion related to the Spring festival and provide some suggestions on controlling the epidemic.Methods: We included 10316 cases from provincial or city Health Commission websites outside Hubei in China from December 30, 2019 to February 27, 2020. Data on the gender, age, occupation, inflow and outflow places were extracted from confirmed cases' detailed records. Results: The number of confirmed cases who worked in commercial service was the largest, accounting for nearly 55%, followed by sales service (22%) and transport service (13.6%). "Wuhan", "close contact", "quarantine" (15.31) and "fever" (13.43) were the highest-linked centers within the text analysis. Most of the infected are relatives of confirmed cases and people mainly choose the self-driving transportation mode to go to hospitals. The clinical symptoms' expression varies among different age groups. Over time, infected areas and generations have experienced transitions from the nonlocal first to the local third group, and from more males infected to females. The source of the epidemic spreads to the south, then to the north, and finally evolves to the southeast, and the spread direction is from south to north afterward to west, over time. Wuhan and Shenzhen had the biggest influence on the flow as essential points of the flow network. The principal path often originated in Hubei or provincial capital cities and flowed to those cities which are densely populated and economically developed. “Returning home to visit relatives”, “migrant workers returning home” and “returning home after traveling” are the chief migration reasons. Compared with the long-term flows, short-term paths are of shorter distance. About half of confirmed cases migrated with their families. Finally, the flows are always opposite to the gradient mobility pattern of China's labor.Conclusion: Based on the background of the reunion tradition in the Spring Festival, the diffusion of COVID-19 outside Hubei in China presented a pattern tied to person migration to return home. At the macroscopic scale, the pattern shows a linear relocation diffusion from vertical to horizontal. On the microscopic scale, radiation contact diffusion with transit from the nonlocal first to the local third group and male-dominated cases in the early stage to mostly female cases in the later stage were the apparent trend.
Incidence and Risk Factors Associated with Human Albumin Administration Following Total Joint Arthroplasty.
Authors: Zhang Shaoyun , Si Haibo , Xie Jinwei , Wu Yuangang , Hu Qinsheng , Zeng Yi , Pei Fuxing , Shen Bin
Published: March 2021

BackgroundHuman albumin (HA) administration is associated with an increased risk of acute renal failure and most other complications in patients undergoing total hip or knee arthroplasty (THA, TKA). Therefore, it is vital to reduce the use of HA and identify risk factors for its use. This study aims to determine the incidence and risk factors of HA administration in patients undergoing THA or TKA.MethodsWe identified patients undergoing THA or TKA in multiple institutions from 2014 to 2016 and collected patient demographics and perioperative variables. The criterion of HA administration was defined as a postoperative albumin level < 32 g/L or 32 to 35 g/L for at-risk patients. We compared 14 variables between patients who received HA administration and those who did not after stratification by the preoperative albumin (pre-ALB) level. Multivariate regressions identified the independent risk factors associated with HA administration.ResultsIn total, 958 (20.3 %) of 4713 patients undergoing THA and 410 (9.7 %) of 4248 patients undergoing TKA received HA administration. In addition to pre-ALB < 35 g/L, preoperative anemia (odds ratio [OR] 2.12, P = 0.001; OR 1.39, P < 0.001) and drain use (OR 3.33, P = 0.001; OR 4.25, P < 0.001) were also independent risk factors for HA administration after THA regardless pre-ALB < 35 g/L or not, and patients undergoing TKA diagnosed of rheumatoid arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis tended to receive HA administration regardless pre-ALB < 35 g/L or not (OR 3.67, P = 0.002; OR 2.06, P < 0.001).ConclusionThe incidence of HA administration was high in patients undergoing THA or TKA, and several variables were risk factors for HA administration. This finding may aid surgeons in preoperatively identifying patients requiring HA administration and optimizing perioperative managements.
Finding of Hard and Soft Territory in Rental Low-Cost Apartment by Using Grounded Theory Method
Authors: Lianto Fermanto , Arifin Lilianny Sigit , Dwisusanto Y. Basuki , Trisno Rudy
Published: March 2021

Sharing a corridor space in a rusunawa could form patterns of adaptation and exemplify the phenomenon of territorial mastery. This research aims to understand the form of this mastery as perceived by the occupants using the Grounded Theory method. The results show a theory of territorial mastery that can be developed from the findings in the field is a new theory of territorial characteristics, based on hard and soft territory. The hard territory is territorial control that is tangible or intangible, fixed or unchanged, and firm, whose existence is clear in a space that can be seen, occupied or controlled and maintained, and recognized by other residents. On the other hand, the soft territory is territorial control that is tangible and intangible, and which allows for flexible and soft shifts because it is an expression of the family and cultural emotions of guyub, so that mastery of the soft territory occurs not only because of tolerance, but also because of the prioritization of the feeling of kinship in living under one roof, and the harmonization of guyub relationships amongst people in a community
Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Performance Enhancement of Stretchable Transparent Conducting Silver Nanowire Networks with Graphene Encapsulation
Authors: Yan Siyi , Li Peng , Ju Zhongshi , Chen He , Ma Jiangang
Published: March 2021

Silver nanowire (AgNW) networks are promising transparent conducting materials for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and diverse optoelectronic devices. However, the poor contact between adjacent AgNWs leads to low electrical conductivity and weak mechanical stability of AgNW networks, which are limiting the practical application of these electronics. Here we report an efficient strategy to improve the overall performance of AgNW networks, in which the AgNW networks are sandwiched between two layers of graphene films. The graphene films improve the contact of overlapped AgNWs and bridge the discrete AgNWs, and thus increase the conductivity of graphene/AgNWs/graphene (GAG) films. Microwave permittivity measurements together with mechanism analyses reveal that the graphene films can enhance the EMI shielding effectiveness of AgNW networks through offering extra conduction loss, multiple dielectric polarization centers and multi-reflection processes. As a result, the GAG film with an average transmittance of 88% exhibits a sheet resistance lower than 15 Ω sq− 1 and an EMI shielding effectiveness of 31 dB (in the frequency range of 8.2‒12.4 GHz) after repeated stretching and release at a strain of 40%. Such a total performance is superior to that of most of as-reported transparent conductors. The GAG films therefore show application potential in the age of Internet of Things that electromagnetic radiation pollutions are everywhere.
Management of Asymptomatic Hypoglycemia With Dextrose Oral Gel at 40% in Near Term at-risk Infants to Reduce Intensive Care Need and Promote Breastfeeding
Authors: Meneghin Fabio , Manzalini Martina , Acunzo Miriam , Daniele Irene , Bastrenta Petrina , Castoldi Francesca , Cavigioli Francesco , Zuccotti Gian Vincenzo , Lista Gianluca
Published: March 2021

Background: Neonatal hypoglycemia is a common disorder especially in at-risk infants and it can be associated with poor long-term neurological outcomes. Several therapeutic interventions are suggested, from the implementation of breastfeeding to the glucose intravenous administration. Oral dextrose gel massaged into the infant’s inner cheek is a recent treatment option of asymptomatic hypoglycemia, after which oral feeding is encouraged. This approach seems to reduce the admission of infants to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) so favouring maternal bonding and breastfeeding success at discharge. Methods: In our unit we recently implemented the protocol for the management of asymptomatic hypoglycemia with the introduction of dextrose oral gel at 40%. Therefore we compared two cohorts of near term at-risk infants with asymptomatic hypoglycemia: a historical group managed with our old protocol and the second one prospectively followed after the introduction of dextrose gel at 40%. Results: Primary outcome was occurrence of NICU admission and glucose intravenous needs; breastfeeding success was the secondary outcome. Infants in the dextrose oral gel group showed statistically lower need of NICU admission and higher prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding at discharge compared with infants of the historical group. Conclusions: In our population the introduction of dextrose oral gel at 40% to the protocol, helped in the safe management of asymptomatic hypoglycemia in near term infants and, at the same time, implemented breastfeeding.
Weight Shapes the Intestinal Microbiome in Preterm Infants: Results of a Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Heida Fardou H. , Kooi Elisabeth M. W. , Wagner Josef , Nguyen Thi-Yen , Hulscher Jan B. F. , Zoonen Anne G. J. F. , Bos Arend F. , Harmsen Hermie J. M. , Goffau Marcus C.
Published: March 2021

Background: The intestinal microbiome in preterm infants differs markedly from term infants. It is unclear whether the microbiome develops over time according to infant specific factors. Methods: We analysed (clinical) metadata - to identify the main factors influencing the microbiome composition development - and the first meconium and feacal samples til the 4th week via 16S rRNA amplican sequencing. Results: We included 41 infants (gestational age 25-30 weeks; birth weight 430-990g. Birth via Caesarean section (CS) was associated with placental insufficiency during pregnancy and lower BW. In meconium and in weeks 2 and 3 an increased combined abundance of Escherichia and Bacteroides (maternal fecal representatives) was associated with vaginal delivery (p=0.021, p=0.0002, p=0.028, respectively) while Staphylococcus (skin microbiome representative) was associated with CS (p=0.0008, p=0.0003 p=0.046, respectively). Secondly, irrespective of the week of sampling or the mode of birth, a transition was observed as children children gradually increased in weight from a microbiome dominated by Staphylococcus (Bacilli) towards a microbiome dominated by Enterobacteriaceae (Gammaproteobacteria). Conclusions: Mode of delivery affects the meconium microbiome composition. It also suggests that the weight of the infant at the time of sampling is a better predictor for the stage of progression of the intestinal microbiome development/maturation than postconceptional age.
Thymic Neuroendocrine Tumor With Sjogren’s Syndrome Cured by Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Thymectomy：A Case Report
Authors: Cai Hongfei , Qin Da , Wang Rui , Lu Tianyu , Tang Ze , Cui Youbin
Published: March 2021

Background: Thymic neuroendocrine tumors are rare neoplasms usually accompanied with excessive secretion functional hormones of endocrine glands, such as multiple endocrine neoplasia 1(MEN1) and ectopic ACTH syndrome(EAS). As a kind of autoimmune disease, Sjogren’s syndrome(SS) is characterized by destruction of exocrine glands resulting in oral and ocular dryness and is usually related to thymic lesion. However, we present herein a rare case of thymic neuroendocrine tumor with primary Sjogren’s syndrome cured by neoadjuvant chemotherapy and thymectomy.Case presentation: A 70-year-old woman was diagnosed as neuroendocrine carcinoma by puncture with Sjogren’s syndrome(SS). Considering that the boundary between the tumor and the surrounding tissue is not clear，we chose two cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy which regimen was etoposide and cisplatin. After treatment, the symptoms of Sjogren’s syndrome were partial relieved and therefore the patient underwent R0 resection. After one year of follow-up, apparent remission of the symptoms was achieved.Conclusions: We believe neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with radical surgery is an alternative treatment for locoregional resectable thymic neuroendocrine tumors. Because chemotherapy can lead to necrosis, it is a question whether the pathological grade of neuroendocrine tumors will be changed after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Meanwhile, despite the fact that the association between thymic neuroendocrine tumors and Sjogren’s syndrome remains unclear, the latter may be co-treated by oncologic therapy of the former，thus it also provides a new treatment for Sjogren's syndrome.
Yield Stability of Contrasting Orchardgrass (Dactylis Glomerata L.) Genotypes Over the Years and Water Regimes 
Authors: Saeidnia Fatemeh , Majidi Mohammad Mahdi , Mirlohi Aghafakhr , Dehghani Mohammad Reza , Hosseini Behnam
Published: March 2021

Stability of combining ability and the nature and extent of genetic and genotype×environment interaction is poorly understood in orchardgrass especially under climate change conditions. In the present study, first-generation half-sib families of orchardgrass derived from the polycross of 25 parental genotypes were evaluated in the field during five years under two irrigation regimes of normal and water deficit. Considerable genotypic variation was observed among half-sib families for all of the evaluated traits, demonstrating high potential for improving these traits through half-sib mating. The effects of water deficit on dry forage yield increased from the first to fifth year and consequently declined the persistence of half-sib families. Results showed that both genetic and non-genetic gene actions played a role in the control of dry forage yield; indicating that selection based on an index would be more useful to attain genetic progress. Moreover, the estimates of narrow-sense heritability for most of the traits were higher under deficit irrigation, which is advantageous for successful selection. The stability of general combining ability, plant productivity, and drought tolerance clearly identified G4, G5, G6, and G14 as the superior and stable parental genotypes able to transmit both stability and forage productivity to their progenies.
The Use of Single-agent Versus Multiple-agent Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Authors: Peponis Thomas , Stafford Caitlin , Cusack James , Cauley Christy , Goldstone Robert , Berger David , Parikh Aparna , Bordeianou Liliana , Kunitake Hiroko , Francone Todd , Ricciardi Rocco
Published: March 2021

Purpose: The use of concurrent chemoradiotherapy is frequently recommended in the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer however the ideal chemotherapy regimen remains unknown and there is variability in chemotherapy agents used among different institutions. We sought to examine differences in overall survival between patients receiving single versus multiple-agent concurrent chemoradiotherapy.Methods: The National Cancer Database was used to identify 31,025 patients with rectal cancer who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy between 01/2006 through 12/2016. We compared patients who received single-agent chemotherapy with those who received multiple-agent concurrent chemoradiotherapy. The primary outcome of interest was overall survival. The groups were compared using univariate analysis and Cox proportional hazard models to adjust for potential confounding factors. Results: 18,544 patients received single-agent and 12,481 patients received multiple-agent chemotherapy. The former were older with more comorbidities as evidenced by their higher Charlson-Deyo Scores. Those receiving multiple-agent chemotherapy were more likely to have clinical Stage III disease (52.9% vs 43.3%, p<0.001) and less likely to have well-differentiated cancer (6.9% vs 7.7%, p<0.001). The rates of negative resection margin were identical (p=0.225) between the two groups. On multivariable analysis after adjusting for comorbidities, radiation dose, and resection margins, single-agent chemotherapy was associated with worse overall survival (HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.057-1.124, p<0.001). Conclusion: Multiple-agent chemoradiotherapy is associated with improved overall survival in locally advanced rectal cancer, however chemotherapy regimen does not affect resection margins. The modest overall survival benefit with multiple agent chemotherapy must be balanced with the potential associated toxicity.
Is the Proportion of Per Capita Fat Supply Associated With the Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity? An Ecological Analysis
Authors: Swarnamali Hasinthi , Jayawardena Ranil , Chourdakis Michail , Ranasinghe Priyanga
Published: March 2021

Background: Although it is reported in numerous interventional and observational studies, that a low-fat diet consists an effective method to combat overweight and obesity,the relationship at the global population level is not well established. This study aimed to quantify the associations between worldwide per capita fat supply and prevalence of overweight and obesity and further classify this association based on per capita Gross National Income (GNI).Methods: A total of 93 countries from four GNI groups were selected. Country-specific overweight and obesity prevalence data were retrieved from the most recent WHO Global Health Observatory database. Per capita supply of fat and calorieswere obtained from the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization database; FAOSTAT, Food Balance Sheet for years 2014-2016. The categorizations of countries weredone based on GNI based classification by theWorld Bank.Results: Among the selected countries, the overweight prevalence ranged from 3.9% (India) to 78.8% (Kiribati), while obesity prevalence ranged from 3.6% (Bangladesh) to 46.0% (Kiribati). The highest and the lowest per capita fat supplyfrom total calorie supplywas documented in Australia (41.2%) and Madagascar (10.5%) respectively. A significant strong positive correlationwas observed between the prevalence of overweight (r=0.64, p<0.001) and obesity (r=0.59, p<0.001) with per capita fat supply. The lower ends of both trendlines were densely populated by the low- and lower-middle-income countries and the upper ends of both lines were greatly populated by the high-income countries.Conclusions: Per capita fat supply per country is significantly associated with both prevalences of overweight and obesity.
Analysis of COVID-19 Spike protein mutations and their effects on its affinity towards human cell receptors
Authors: Elbeji Abir
Published: March 2021

The novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) is a member of the family Coronaviridae and contains a single-stranded RNA genome with positive-polarity. In order to reveal the evolution mechanism of the SARS-CoV2 genome, in particular its spike protein; the main driving force for host recognition, we conducted a comparative analysis with Coronaviruses of different strains, including MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV1 and Pangolin Coronavirus. In addition, a comparative analysis between the newly sequenced SARS-CoV2 from different regions of the world has been carried out in order to understand the evolution of this novel virus throughout its transmission. Among all sequenced strains, the latest France HCoV was the least identical to the reference. Further investigations have therefore been performed and it has been concluded that this strain has undergone mutations which have increased its binding affinity to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, thus hypothetically increasing its infectivity.
Bottom-up Fabrication and Atomic-scale Characterization of
Triply-linked, Laterally π-Extended Porphyrin Nanotapes
Authors: Sun Qiang , Mateo Luis , Robles Roberto , Lorente Nicolas , Ruffieux Pascal , Bottari Giovanni , Torres Tomas , Fasel Roman
Published: March 2021

Porphyrin nanotapes (Por NTs) have attracted vast interest as potential molecular wires thanks to their exceptional electronic properties. Recently, Por NTs have been synthesized by solution-based methods, demonstrating high versatility and great potential for technological applications. However, their synthesis is tedious and their characterization limited by low solubility and stability. Here, we report the first example of meso-meso triply-fused Por NTs, which are prepared from a readily available Por precursor through a two-step synthesis on Au(111). The structural and electronic properties of individual Por NTs are addressed, both on Au(111) and on a thin insulating NaCl layer, by high-resolution scanning probe microscopy/spectroscopy complemented by density functional theory calculations. Remarkably, the triply-linked Por NTs carry one unpaired electron at each end, which leads to magnetic end states. Our study provides an alternative and versatile route to the fabrication of Por NTs and the atomic-scale characterizations of their structural and electronic properties.
Raman sideband cooling in optical tweezer arrays for Rydberg dressing
Authors: Lorenz Nikolaus , Festa Lorenzo , Steinert Lea-Marina , Gross Christian
Published: March 2021

Single neutral atoms trapped in optical tweezers and laser-coupled to Rydberg states provide a fast and flexible platform to generate configurable atomic arrays for quantum simulation. The platform is especially suited to study quantum spin systems in various geometries. However, for experiments requiring continuous trapping, inhomogeneous light shifts induced by the trapping potential and temperature broadening impose severe limitations. Here we show how Raman sideband cooling allows one to overcome those limitations, thus, preparing the stage for Rydberg dressing in tweezer arrays.
Posible predisposición a embolia pulmonar en el delfín rosado Inia geoffrensis (Blainville, 1817) por contaminación con mercurio en su ecosistema
Authors: Banse Bueno Nicolas , Aguayo-Lobo Anelio
Published: March 2021

El delfín rosado es un odontoceto y como tal es un predador tope en su ecosistema donde habita, en los ríos Amazonas y Orinoco, abarcando siete países: Colombia, Ecuador, Perú, Bolivia, Guyana, Brasil y Venezuela. Las concentraciones naturales de mercurio (Hg) que se han liberado en el hábitat de este delfín de agua dulce es antigua, por tanto, los niveles de bioacumulación de este contaminante en la red trófica, aumenta de manera progresiva. Además, se conoce que las especies de mamíferos acuáticos tienen la capacidad de neutralizar la toxicidad del Mercurio (Hg), a través de la formación de un complejo químico con el Selenio (Se), denominado“ Tiamannita”. Naturalmente que, al formar este complejo, se reduce la biodisponibilidad del Se como antioxidante, lo que predispone al origen de patologías como la conocida esteatitis. Esta enfermedad de la grasa amarilla, forma émbolos grasos en los vasos sanguíneos, especialmente en los capilares del pulmón, provocando trastornos en la circulación de este órgano vital respiratorio, finalizando con la muerte del animal, cuando la enfermedad se presenta severamente. En consecuencia, el objetivo de este trabajo fue revisar los aspectos del Hg y su relación con el Se y la esteatitis originada por el complejo Tiemannita, lo que genera la mortalidad del delfín rosado en el ecosistema amazónico de Colombia.
Desarrollo del talento humano para líderes de la gerencia financiera del servicio integrado de administración tributaria
Authors: Arenas Falótico Andrés Jerónimo , Bayón Pérez Jessica
Published: March 2021

El estudio tiene por propósito el desarrollo del talento humano para líderes de la gerencia financiera del servicio integrado de administración tributaria. El objetivo es el desarrollo del talento humano, por medio de los líderes de gerencia en la administración tributaria dentro del cambio organizacional. Se busca concientizar a nivel empresarial, sobre la optimización del tiempo y de los recursos, así como del empleado en función de las competencias identificadas en su puesto de trabajo. La metodología utilizada fue un diseño evaluativo, apoyado en un diseño no experimental, investigación de campo a nivel descriptivo, evaluativo ex post y de corte cuantitativo. La técnica de recolección de datos empleada fue la encuesta, mediante un cuestionario con escala Likert que se aplicó a la población de 29 representantes de la administración tributaria en Madrid, España. La gestión por competencias pasa a transformarse en un canal comunicación entre los trabajadores y la institución; es ahora cuando en la organización comienza la formación de liderazgo en sus trabajadores, con el fin de desarrollar, optimizar y ofrecer una formación continua del personal capaz de generar conocimientos, así como estimular habilidades y destrezas en cada trabajador.
Assessment of Relationship Between Serum Vitamin D Levels and Metabolic Syndrome Components in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Karahan Yılmaz Sevil , Mertoğlu Cuma , Ayaz Aylin
Published: March 2021

Aim: This study is aimed to evaluate the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and metabolic syndrome in hemodialysis patients.

Materials and Methods: This study was conducted with participation of 80 patients undergoing hemodialysis for more than 6 months three times a week, aged > 18 years. Their height, dry weight, waist circumference were measured. Biochemical parameters such as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, lipid profile, and fasting blood glucose were analyzed. Metabolic syndrome was defined using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Severe vitamin D deficiency, 25 (OH) vitamin D < 5 ng/ml; mild vitamin D deficiency, 25 (OH) vitamin D 5-15 ng/ml; vitamin D insufficiency, 25 (OH) vitamin D 16-30 ng/ml, and vitamin D sufficiency, 25 (OH) vitamin D > 30 ng/ml were categorized. Statistical analysis of the data was performed with the use of SPSS version 21.0.

Results: 48.4% of hemodialysis patients were identified to have metabolic syndrome. According to the serum levels of vitamin D; 35.0% of patients had severe vitamin D deficiency, 37.4% of patients had mild vitamin D deficiency, 18.8% of patients had vitamin D insufficiency and 8.8% of patients had vitamin D sufficiency (> 30 ng/ml). Vitamin D insufficiency was significantly associated with metabolic syndrome and central obesity.

Conclusions: Deficiency/insufficiency is observed in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in hemodialysis patients. Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with metabolic syndrome.
STRATEGI INTERNALISASI NILAI-NILAI MORAL RELIGIUS DALAM PROSES PEMBELAJARAN DI PERGURUAN TINGGI
Authors: Murdiono Mukhamad
Published: March 2021

Abstract: A Strategy to Internalize Moral and Religious Values in LearningProcesses in Higher Education. This study aims to describe a strategy tointernalize moral and religious values in learning processes in higher education.This research was a descriptive study employing the qualitative approach. Theresearch subjects were lecturers in the Department of Civic and Law Education,Faculty of Social Sciences and Economics, Yogyakarta State University. The datawere collected through interviews, observations, and documents. The datatrustworthiness was assessed by the triangulation technique. The results show thatstrategies to internalize moral and religious values in learning processes include:modeling, analyzing actual problems in society, developing contextual educativevalues, and strengthening moral values that the students have already possessed.Keywords: strategy to internalize moral and religious values, learning processes
MODEL BIMBINGAN PERKEMBANGAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KECAKAPAN SOSIAL-PRIBADI ANAK BERBAKAT AKADEMIK
Authors: Wahab Rochmat
Published: March 2021

Abstract: A Development Guidance Model to Improve Academically GiftedChildren’s Social-Personal Skills. This study intended to investigate theeffectiveness of personal-social guidance programs for Academically GiftedStudents (AGS). This study was a research and development study. The researchsubjects were 80 senior high students. The data were collected using an inventoryand rating scales. The quantitative data were analyzed by the the descriptive andinferential statistical techniques, i.e. percentile, t-test and ANOVA, and thequalitative data by the descriptive technique. The results show that (1) the profileof personal-social skills among the AGS is very good, (2) the materials andimplementation of the Personal-Social Guidance Program Guide on the basis of theDevelopment Model is an appropriate alternative model that can increase theAGS’s personal-social skills, (3) the Personal-Social Guidance Program Guide onthe basis of the Developmental Model is empirically proven to be able to increasethe AGS’s personal-social skills.Keywords: development guidance model, social-personal guidance, academicallygifted students