bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The inhibition activity of essential oil and crude extract of nutmeg seedâ€™s (Myristica fragrans Houtt and Myristica fattua Houtt) on the growth of Xanthomonas campestris Oammel from broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)
Authors: KUSUMANINGRUM GALUH SARI , SURANTO SURANTO , SETYANINGSIH RATNA
Published: July 2018

The aims of this research were to study the inhibition activity of essential oil and crude extract of nutmeg seed (Myristica fragrans and M. fattua) on growth of Xanthomonas campestris which is pathogen to broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica), to find out the best concentration of those substances to prevent X. campestris and to compare the inhibition activity of both substances on growth of X. campestris. The essential oil of nutmeg seed (M. fragrans and M. fattua) was obtained by Stahl distillation, while crude extract of the nutmeg seeds was extracted by methanol method. The method of this research was the disk diffusion method on nutrient agar. Paper disk was prestreaked on agar medium with X. campestris to be tested. Each petri disk was placed 5 paper disk dropped with the essential oil and the crude extract of the nutmeg seed in concentrations of 100%, 10%, 1% respectively, while for the comparison, the bactericide Agrept 0,2% was used. The parameters measured were the inhibition zone from the essential oil and the crude extract of the nutmeg seeds. The result of the analysis indicated that the essential oil of M. fragrans effectively inhibited X. campestris starting at concentration of 1%, the essential oil of M. fattua effectively inhibited X. campestris at concentration of 10% and the crude extract of M. fragrans effectively inhibited X. campestris at concentration of 100%. The crude extract of M. fattua was not effective in inhibiting the growth of X. campestris.
Callus growth and essential oil of nilam (Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Bth.) on the treatment with ï¡-naphtalen acetic acid and kinetin
Authors: TRIMULYONO GUNTUR , SOLICHATUN SOLICHATUN , MARLIANA SOERYA DEWI
Published: July 2018

The objectives of the research were to study the effect of adding of Î± - naphtalen acetic acid (NAA) and kinetin on callus growth and essensial oil production from nilam (Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Bth.) callus culture. The outline of the research was the callus growth and secondary metabolite production from plantâ€™s body could be triggered by the occurrence of plant growth regulation. The addition NAA and kinetin in cultureâ€™s medium would influence cell proliferation and synthesis of protein, so that both can induce callus growth and secondary metabolism production from the cell that have been cultured. According to the research objectives, the research was done by using in vitro callus culture method to obtain callus from explant P. cablin leaf and to induce essensial oil production. In vitro culture process consist of two stages. First stage was the callus initiation medium induced the callus from explant. The experiment was done by medium Murashige-Skoog (MS) with 2,4-D 0,5 mg/l and kinetin 0.5 mg/l; and the second stage was the medium treatment induced callus growth and essensial oil production. The research used factorial completely randomized design with two factors (NAA concentration: 0mg/l, 0,5 mg/l, 1,0 mg/l, 2,0 mg/l; and kinetin concentration: 0 mg/l, 0,5 mg/l, 1,0 mg/l, 2,0 mg/l) with 3 replicates. The collected data were qualitative data (callus morphology include texture and colour callus) and quantitative data (callus growth rate, callus dry weight and essensial oil content). Data were analyzed by Anova and followed by DMRT 5% confidence level and correlation regretion. The result of the research indicated the treatment with addition plant growth regulation (NAA and kinetin) on Murashige-Skoogâ€™s medium had significant effect on callus growth rate but it didnâ€™t have significant effect on callus dry weight and the increase of produced essential oil.
Optimation xilitol production with variation of sugar cane bagasse hemicellulose hydrolysate concentration by Candida tropicalis
Authors: WAHYUNI WAHYUNI , SUSILOWATI ARI , SETYANINGSIH RATNA
Published: July 2018

The aims of this research were to study the growth of C. tropicalis, the optimation of xilitol production and the efficiency of xilitol production by varying the concentration of sugar cane bagasse hemicellulose hydrolysate. The frame work of this research was bioconversion xilosa into xilitol by C. tropicalis influenced substrate concentration in production medium. By using different sugar cane bagasse hemicellulose hydrolysate concentration could be known the optimum sugar cane bagasse hemicellulose hydrolysate concentration on xilitol production by introducing C. tropicalis. The methods used in this experiment were as follow: sugar cane bagasse was hydrolyzed by H2SO4 0.035 M in autoclave at 121ï‚°C, 2 atm for 20 minutes. The liquid fraction was concentrated at 50ï‚°C using rotary evaporator. The hydrolysate was neutralized with Ca(OH)2 to a pH of 10 and then removed by centrifugation at 2000 rpm for 20 minutes. The hydrolysate was added with H2SO4 to a pH 6.5 and then removed by centrifugation at 2000 rpm for 20 minutes and sterilized by autoclaving at 121ï‚°C for 15 minutes. Sugar cane bagasse hemicellulose hydrolysate concentration was variated from 10%, 20%, and 30% and used as substrate in production medium. Bioconversion process by C. tropicalis lasted for 4 days. Parameters used in this experiment were biomass of C. tropicalis measured by hemacytometer, xilosa and xilitol concentration in the sugar cane bagasse hemicellulose hydrolysate and production medium was analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC). The results showed that: the growth of C. tropicalis lasted for 4 days of cultivation increased in every variation of sugar cane hemicellulose hydrolysate concentration. The optimum xilitol production founded in production medium contained 20% sugar cane bagasse hemicellulose hydrolysate in the third days cultivation with xilitol production 10.258 g/l, yield 0.22 g/g and biomass of C. tropicalis 2.9 x 108 cell/ml; The optimum efficiency of xilitol production from sugar cane bagasse hemicellulose hydrolysate by C. tropicalis was 24.21% in 20% sugar cane bagasse hemicellulose hydrolysate in the third days cultivation.
Nutritional composition analysis of seaweed Sargassum crassifolium J. Agardh.
Authors: HANDAYANI TRI , SUTARNO SUTARNO , SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI
Published: July 2018

The aims of the research were to find out nutritional composition of seaweed Sargassum crassifolium J. Agardh i. e. concentration of protein, amino acids, mineral (ash), mineral elements (Ca, Fe, and P), vitamin C, vitamin A, lipid, fatty acids and alginates. S. crassifolium is a species of brown seaweed that is consumed as source of food, however, it have not optimally used due to the nutritional composition information does not complete yet. The measurement of protein concentration was done according to Lowry method, while amino acids concentration was measured using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Mineral (ash) was measured by dry ash processing, and mineral elements of Ca, Fe, and P were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Vitamin C concentration was measured by titration method, while vitamin A was measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Lipid was measured by extraction method using soxhlet, fatty acids by fatty acids methyl esters (FAMEs) method, and alginates were measured by extraction method. The results indicate that the thallus of S. crassifolium contain protein in the average of 5.19% (w/w), and 17 amino acids (in Î¼mol amino acid/g wet weight) varies from 13.77 of glutamic acid to 0.83 for hydroxilicine concentration. Mineral/ash content was 36.93% (w/w), Ca: 1540.66 mg/100 g, Fe: 132.65 mg/100 g, P: 474.03 mg/100 g, vitamin C: 49.01 mg/100 g, vitamin A: 489.11 Î¼g RE/100 g, lipid: 1.63% (w/w), fatty acids concentrations were: 1.45%, 3.53%, 29.49%, 4.10%, 13.78%, 33.58%, 5.94% for lauric acid, meristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid subsequently. The concentration of alginates was 37.91% (w/w).
Synthesis of co-poly(eugenol sulfonate)-DVB from eugenol as a major component of Syzygium aromaticum oils
Authors: HANDAYANI DESI SUCI , KUSUMANINGSIH TRIANA , YULI MARIA
Published: July 2018

Cationic co-polymerization between eugenol and divinylbenzene (DVB) (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10% and 12%) with BF3O(C2H5)2 as a catalyst at room temperature without media under nitrogen atmosphere has been investigated. Co-poly (eugenol sulfonate)-DVB has been synthesized by sulfonation of co-poly(eugenol-DVB). In the sulfonation, concentrated sulfuric acid was used as the reagent and Ag2SO4 as a catalyst. Structure and characterization of co-poly (eugenol-DVB) and Co-poly(eugenol sulfonate)-DVB were analyzed by Infra Red (IR), Differential Thermal Analysis) DTA and UV-Vis. Measurement of the number-average molecular weight (Mn) of copolymer was used Ostwald capillary viscometer. The yields of co-polymerization of eugenol-DVB were solid matter and the highest result was found on a copolymer of 10% of DVB. Its melting point was 69.33oC. The increasing of mole of DVB increase the number-average molecular weight (Mn) of co-poly (eugenol sulfonate)-DVB. A copolymer of 12% of DVB gave the highest molecular weight, Mn = 2984 g/mole. Synthesized of co-poly (eugenol sulfonate)- DVB were solid matter too and the highest result was found on a copolymer of 12% of DVB. Its melting point was 95.5oC.
The effect of varied NAA concentration agains growth and flavonoid content of Gynura procumbens (Lour) Merr. callus
Authors: HARDIYANTO ARIF , SOLICHATUN SOLICHATUN , MUDYANTINI WIDYA
Published: July 2018

The aim of this research is to study the influence of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) concentration variation in the callus growth and flavonoid content of daun dewa [Gynura procumbens (Lour) Merr.]. The research framework relied on the benefit of daun dewa as anti cancer drug. This matter enabled by its compound cytotoxic from compound flavonoid contained. Culture in vitro technique serves the purpose of medium to produce the secondary metabolism. Addition of NAA as treatment for the induction of callus will promote cell enlargement and the growth of callus so that callus which later will be analysed by its flavonoid content. This research was conducted with two phase. First phase represented the phase of antecedent attempt in the form of callus induction to get the good callus. Addition of NAA and kinetin conducted to promote the cell proliferation. The parameter of this phase is texture, colour, and moment of callus appearance. Second phase is the form of NAA concentration variation treatment phase. At this research, it conducted with the random device complete with one factor that is 5 concentration NAA is 0 mg/L; 0,5 mg/L; 1,0 mg/L; 1,5 mg/L and 2,0 mg/L. The parameter of this phase is wet weight of the callus, dry weight of the callus, texture of the callus, colour of the callus, and flavonoid content. The result of this research indicated that the addition NAA does not influence on callus growth and the flavonoid content of callus daun dewa.
Blood glucose and total cholesterol content of hyperglycemic white male rat (Rattus norvegicus L.) after orally intakes of methanol meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) root extract
Authors: FAHRI CHASBI , SUTARNO SUTARNO , LISTYAWATI SHANTI
Published: July 2018

The aims of this research were to study the effect of methanol meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) root extract given to the blood glucose and total cholesterol content, and which level of concentration giving significant effect alloxan treatment. Meniran root contains ellagic acid as antioxidant which provides hypoglycemic capability to reduce diabetic blood glucose. This research was done by using completely randomized design (CRD) including eight treatments as follow: negative control (CMC 1%, 2 mL/200 g bw), positive control (glibenclamide 0,126 mg/200 g bw), normal control, meniran root extract in various concentration (2; 4; 6; 8; 10 mg/200 g bw). Data were elucidated until 15 day of treatment and analyzed using ANOVA followed by DMRT at 5% confidence level. The result indicated that meniran root extract giving significant effect on the reduction of blood glucose, however, it does not appear to have the same result to total cholesterol content. At various concentration of meniran root extract, the total cholesterol of rat remains stable. The optimum concentration to provide hypoglycemic activity raised at 10 mg/200 b bw dose.
The influence of indol acetic acid on growth, quantity and diameter of secretory cells of turmeric rhizome (Curcuma domestica Val.)
Authors: WIJAYATI ARTA , SOLICHATUN SOLICHATUN , SUGIYARTO SUGIYARTO
Published: July 2018

The aims the research were to study the influence of indol acetic acid (IAA) on growth, quantity and diameter of secretory cells of Curcuma domestica rhizome. Indol acetic acid has ability to stimulate division, enlargement and differentiation of parenchymal cell. Completely randomized design (CRD) with one factor of IAA application with concentration of 0, 100, 200, and 300 ppm subsequently in with triplicate was used in this study. The first application given when the plant was one month age, and then given once every two weeks until the plant was four months age. Parameters of growth including height, quantity and width of leaves were observed once every two weeks. The last observation was done for wet and dry weight of plant and rhizome. Anatomical parameter was done by preparing a semipermanent preparat, and continued with observation of quantity and diameter of the secretory cells. Data were then analyzed statistically by Anova followed with DMRT in 5% confidence level. The results indicated that IAA significantly influences plant height, leave width, plant weight at 200 ppm. Higher concentration of IAA raised the quantities of secretory cells, but decrease secretory cells diameters.
Comparision of volatile oil constituen of two species of kunci pepet (Kaempferia angustifolia Roscue. and K. rotunda Linn.)
Authors: SULIANTI SRI BUDI , CHAIRUL SOFNIE M.
Published: July 2018

Two species of kunci pepet, i.e. K. angustifolia and K. rotunda (Zingiberaceae), had different aromas. We had been analyzed volatile oils of two species by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The volatile oils had been got by water-steam distillation. The GC chromatograms of K. angustifolia showed 16 compounds, 5 compounds of them was main compounds, i.e. cycloproazulene (21.86%), alloaromadendrene (20.79%), cyclopropnaphtalene (11.02%), (-)Î²-elemenene (16.00%), caryophyllene (16.00%), and isobornyl acetate (11.02%). The GC chromatograms of K. rotunda showed 10 compounds, 2 compounds of them was main compound, i.e. tetradecane (26.85%) and benzylbenzoic (55.46%). Based on chemical constituent of volatile oils, the two species of Kaempferia had similarity of 25.00-37.50%. Alloaromadendrene of K. angustifolia and benzylbenzoic of K. rotunda could be used to distinguish the two species of Kaempferia.
The effect of water availability on growth and saponin content of Talinum paniculatum Gaertn.
Authors: SOLICHATUN SOLICHATUN , ANGGARWULAN ENDANG , MUDYANTINI WIDYA
Published: July 2018

Talinum paniculatum Gaertn. known as â€œginseng jawaâ€ is one of medicinal plant which has an important role as an aphrodisiac. The plant contains several active substances (secondary metabolites), there are saponin, alkaloid, essential oil, resin, tannin, flavonoid, glycoside, and sterol. The aims of this research were to know the effect of water availability on growth and saponin content of T. paniculatum. The experiment was installed as a completely randomized design, with one treatment and 5 replicates. The drought condition was be indicated with water availability of media on 4 level, that was 40% field capacity (drought/temporary wilting point), 60% field capacity, 80% field capacity, and 100% field capacity (waterlogged). The plants were being grown in the greenhouse. The result of the research indicated that the growth of T. paniculatum was be inhibited by drought condition. The lower of water availability had impacted on the lower of growth parameters (dry weight, water use efficiency, relative growth rate), but oppositely, the lower of water availability, the higher of saponin content. The drought condition (40% field capacity) had resulted the highest saponin content. The waterlogged condition (100% field capacity) had resulted the lowest saponin content.
The effect of DL-tryptophan on callus growth and alkaloid-reserpin production of pule pandak [Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Bentham ex Kurz] in vitro
Authors: ARYATI HENI , ANGGARWULAN ENDANG , SOLICHATUN SOLICHATUN
Published: July 2018

The purposes of this research were to study the effect of amino acid DL-tryptophan at various concentrations on culture callus growth and production of alkaloid-reserpine of Rauvolfia serpentina and to determine optimum concentration of DL-tryptophan to yield maximum alkaloid reserpine of the callus. This research was consisted of three phases. First phase was to determine compatible sterilan for R. serpentina leaf explants. Second phase was to initiate/ to induce callus formation from the explants. Third phase was treatment phase to know the influence of DL-tryptophan addition on growth and alkaloid-reserpine production of the callus. Experimental design that used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatment was concentration of the amino acid DL- tryptophan with three levels concentration three restating for each level. The levels were 0 mg/L, 10 mg/L and 20 mg/L. Obtained data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Quantitative data were wet weight, dry weight, growth rate and alkaloid content of the callus at each level of concentration. Qualitative data have been measured were compatible sterilant test and callus morphology (color and texture). Quantitative data then have been analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with DMRT test at level 95%. The result indicated that addition of DL- tryptophan precursor had an effect on the reduction of the callus growth of R. serpentina in media MS in vitro. Addition of DL-tryptophan precursor to produce of alkaloid-reserpine of the callus of R. serpentina in media MS in vitro and optimum concentration of DL-tryptophan precursor that must be added to yield of alkaloid-reserpine could not be determined yet, it caused by the alkaloidreserpine was not detected yet by the thin layer chromatography (TLC).
Effects of turmeric extract (Curcuma domestica Val.) on the increase of SGOT and SGPT level in the mice (Rattus norvegicus) due to the acetaminophen administration
Authors: HARTONO HARTONO , NURWATI IDA , IKASARI FANY , WIRYANTO WIRYANTO
Published: July 2018

Turmeric (Curcuma domestica Val.) contains a peculiar substance called curcumin that bears medical merit. The results of various types of study with curcumin show that it is able to restore damaged lever cells; therefore, it is predicted that the turmeric extract also bears the same ability. This study aims at finding out whether there is an effect of the turmeric extract on the increase of SGOT and SGPT level in the mice due to the acetaminophen administration. This is an experimental study with a post-test only controlled group design. The research used were 20 male mice (Rattus norvegicus), Strain Wistar, aged + 2 months old, weighed 150 grams. They were divided into 4 groups, and each group consisted of 4 mice. Group 1 was control group. Group 2 was exposed to one-time administration of acetaminophen with the toxic dosage of 1.35 grams over each kilogram of body weight. Groups 3 and 4 were each given turmeric extract with the dosage of 5 milligrams and 10 milligrams over each kilogram of body weight respectively; after two hours, they were subject to one-time acetaminophen administration with the dosage of 1.35 grams over each kilogram of body weight. Data gathering was then conducted following 48 hours of the latest treatment by taking the blood samples of the mice through their sinus orbitalis. The blood samples from the 4 groups were then examined for their level of SGOT and SGPT with a kinetic method.The data were analyzed by means of ANOVA followed by Post Hoc Test using Tukey test completed with homogenous subsets. The results show a significant effect of the turmeric extract on the increase of the SGOT and SGPT level in the mice due to the acetaminophen administration.
Toxicity studies of the rhizome Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. and Curcuma zedoaria Roscoe on hematological and male reproduction system of mice (Mus musculus L.)
Authors: LISTYAWATI SHANTI
Published: July 2018

Chronic (90 days) oral toxicity studies on ethanolic extracts of the rhizome Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. and Curcuma zedoaria Roscoe were carried out in mice. The chronic dosage was 150 mg/kg/day as the extract. Hematological and spermatogenic changes in addition to body weight and external morphological were recorded. C. xanthorrhiza treatment had no significant effect on hematological and spermatogenic changes. C. zedoaria-treated animals revealed a significant fall in RBC, Hb level, and spermatozoa quality as compared to the control. The both extracts failed to show changes of external morphological and body weight and hematological.
Inhibition of exoprotease production in Aeromonas hydrophila by rhizome extract of temu lawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza (Roxb.)
Authors: LESTARI UMI , PANGASTUTI ARTINI , SUSILOWATI ARI
Published: July 2018

Conventional treatment of infectious diseases is based on compounds that kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. A major concern with this approach is the frequent development of resistance to antimicrobial compounds. The discovery of communication (quorum sensing system) regulating bacterial virulence opens up ways to control certain bacterial infectious without interfering the growth. The fish pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila produces quorum sensing signal, NButanoyl-L-Homoserine Lactone (C4-HSL). C4-HSL regulates exoprotease synthesis, a virulence factor of A. hydrophila. Expression of exoprotease can be blocked by using quorum sensing inhibitor. The purpose of this study was to investigate the inhibiting effect of Curcuma xanthorrhiza (Roxb.) extract to exoprotease production of A. hydrophila. Extraction was conducted by using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol. The qualitative exoprotease assay result showed that n-hexane extract of C. xanthorrhiza had not effect on growth and exoprotease production of A. hydrophila. Meanwhile, 4% of ethyl acetate and ethanol extract of C. xanthorrhiza can inhibit exoprotease production without affecting A. hydrophilla growth. The quantitative exoprotease assay result showed that 4% of ethyl acetate and ethanol extract can inhibit the exoprotease production by 93,9% and 95,6%. The growth of A. hydrophila was not affected by this extract.
Sugarcane juice fermentation for making probiotic beverage with variations of type and concentration of inoculum
Authors: KRISTANTI DWI , SETYANINGSIH RATNA , SUSILOWATI ARI
Published: July 2018

Kristanti D, Setyaningsih R, Susilowati A. 2006. Sugarcane juice fermentation for making probiotic beverage with variations of type and concentration of inoculum. Biofarmasi 5: 1-7. The exact type and concentration of inoculum in the manufacture of probiotic beverage is expected to produce a probiotic beverage that can meet the standard. The aims of this research were to determine the type of inoculum, the concentration of inoculum, and the combination of type and concentration of inoculum that meet the standard that reviewed from the number of viable bacterial cells, reduction sugar content, acid total, the value of pH and organoleptic test. The research was conducted by using a factorial completely randomized design consisted of two factors: (i) the type of inoculum consisted of three levels, namely Lactobacillus casei, L. acidophilus and L. plantarum; (ii) the concentration of inoculum consisted of three levels, i.e. 1%, 2% and 3%. The experiment was conducted with three replications. The media of fermentation including sugarcane juice, skim milk 10% and gelatin 0.3% fermented with each inoculum for 96 hours. The parameters measured included the number of viable bacterial cells, acid total, pH value, reduction sugar content and organoleptic test. Data obtained were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and continued with DMRT test at the significance level of 5%. The organoleptic test was analyzed by using a hedonic method. The results of research showed that all types and the concentration of inoculum tested could be used in the fermentation of sugarcane juice for making probiotic beverage. The number of viable bacterial cells and the pH value met the standards of probiotic beverage in all treatments. The total of acid met the standards of probiotic beverage, exept in the treatment of L. casei dan L. plantarum 1%. The result of organoleptic test showed that the preference of panelist in the scale of dislike to rather likes.
Production of biomass of yeast cell R1 and R2 using sweet potato and cassava extract substrates in fermentor type air-lift scale 18 liters
Authors: UNDARI WIWIN , SUSILOWATI ARI , SUGORO IRAWAN
Published: July 2018

Undari W, Susilowati A, Sugoro I. 2008. Production of biomass of yeast cell R1 and R2 using sweet potato and cassava extract substrates in fermentor type air-lift scale 18 liters. Biofarmasi 6: 8-15. Increasing production and quality of meat and milk can be done by attention to nutrition, reproduction and health and livestock management. This research was conducted with the following objectives: (i) to determine the difference of production of biomass of yeast cell R1 by using sweet potato and cassava extract substrates in fermentor type air-lift scales 18 liters with R2; (ii) to determine the difference of difference of production rate of biomass of yeast cell R1 by using sweet potato and cassava extract in fermentor type air-lift scales 18 liters and the consumption of glucose with R2; (iii) to determine the difference of yield x/s of yeast cell R1 by using sweet potato and cassava extract substrates in fermentor type air-lift scales 18 liters with R2; and (iv) to determine the difference of production efficiency of biomass of yeast cell R1 by using sweet potato and cassava extract substances in fermentor type air-lift scales 18 liters with R2. The research was conducted in July-September 2006 at the Nutrition, Reproduction and Wellness Laboratory of the Center for Applications of Isotope and Radiation Technology - National Nuclear Energy Agency (PATIR-BATAN), South Jakarta. Based on the results of research, it can be determined that the production of biomass of yeast cell R1 and R2 on sweet potato and cassava extract substrate were 0.65 g/L, 0.83g/L, 0.63 g/L and 0.88 g/L, respectively. In the production of biomass between yeast R1 and R2, there was no significant difference, either sweet potato or cassava extract. The production rate of biomass of yeast cell R1 and R2 and the consumption of glucose on sweet potato and cassava extract substrates were 0.04 g/L/day and 0.86 g/L/day, respectively; 0.06 g/L/day and 0.51 g/L/day, respectively; 0.05 g/L/day and 0.19 g/L/day, respectively; 0.08 g/L/day and 0.28 g/L/day, respectively. The rate of biomass production and the consumption of glucose between yeast R1 and R2 showed that there was no significant difference, both on sweet potato and cassava extract substrates. The yield x/s of yeast R1 and R2 on sweet potato and cassava extract substrates were 0.43 g/g, 0.61 g/g, 0.29 g/g and 0.31 g/g, respectively. The yield x/s between yeast R1 and R2 showed that there was no significant difference, both on sweet potato and cassava extract substrates. The production efficiency of biomass of yeast cell R1 and R2 on sweet potato and cassava extract substrates were 86.23%, 122.34%, 57.46% and 61.18%, respectively. The production efficiency of biomass between yeast R1 and R2 showed there was no significant difference, both on sweet potato and cassava extract substrates.
Effect of adding lempuyang (Zingiber aromaticum) flour in ration to carcass production on New Zealand White male rabbit
Authors: ATMOKO GUNARSO TRI , PUDJOMARTATMO PUDJOMARTATMO , SIHOMBING GINDA
Published: July 2018

Atmoko GT, Pudjomartatmo, Sihombing G. 2008. Effect of adding lempuyang (Zingiber aromaticum) flour in ration to carcass production on New Zealand white male rabbit. Biofarmasi 6: 22-29. This research aimed to determine the effect of adding lempuyang (Zingiber aromaticum Val.) flour to carcass production of New Zealand White male rabbit. The study was conducted from July 17, 2007 to September 10, 2007 at Balai Pembibitan dan Budidaya Ternak Non Ruminansia (BPBTNR), Surakarta Agriculture Office located in Balekambang, Surakarta. The research used 24 New Zealand white male rabbits aged about 2 months with average body weight of 1181.4Â±74.8 grams divided into four treatments and three repetitions, every repetition consisted of two rabbits. The data were analyzed using Completely Random Design (RAL). Feed was given in the form of peanut straw (rendeng), concentrate of BR2 and lempuyang flour. The feed treated consisted of 60% peanut straw and 40% BR2 concentrate as control ration (P0), control + 0.1% lempuyang flour (P1), control + 0.15% lempuyang flour (P2), and control + 0.2% lempuyang flour (P3). The variables observed during the research were slaughtering weight, carcass weight, percentage of carcass, non-carcass weight, non-carcass percentage, meat weight, and meat-bone ratio. The results showed that the average treatment (P0, P1, P2, P3) for slaughtering weight were 1771.67 g, 1746.6 g, 1858.34 g, and 1720 g, respectively, for carcass weight were 834.67 g, 838.35 g, 901 g, and 781.35 g, respectively, for carcass percentage were 47.11 g, 47.92 g, 48.45 g, and 45.43% g, respectively, for non-carcass weight were 937 g, 908.34 g, 957.34 g, and 938.67 g, respectively, for non-carcass percentage were 52.88%, 52.10%, 51.53%, and 54.56%, respectively, for meat weight were 594.34 g, 605 g, 658.67 g, and 562 g, respectively, for bone-meat ratio were 2.46%, 2.57%, 2.66%, and 2.56%. The result of variance analysis showed that the addition of lempuyang flour in the ration had no significantly different effect (P>0.05) on slaughtering weight, carcass weight, carcass percentage, non-carcass weight, non-carcass percentage, meat weight, and bone-meat ratio. The conclusion of this research was the addition of lempuyang flour to the level of 0.2% of the total ration had not been able to increase the production of carcass of New Zealand White male rabbit.
The effect of temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) flour addition in ration to male local lamb performance
Authors: MUQORROBIN AWWALUL , SUBAGYO Y.B.P. , SUDIYONO SUDIYONO
Published: July 2018

Muqorrobin A, Subagyo YBP, Sudiyono. 2008. The effect of temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) flour addition in ration to male local lamb performance. Biofarmasi 6: 31-35. The aim of this research was to find out the effect of temulawak flour in ration to male local lamb performance. This research was conducted in Minifarm of Animal Husbandry Program of Agriculture Faculty of Sebelas Maret University located in Jatikuwung, Gondangrejo, Karanganyar on September 13th, 2007 until November 23rd, 2007. This research used 16 lambs with 12.07Â±1.11 kg of body weight. The design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with oneway classification divided into four treatments and each treatment (P0, P1, P2, P3) consisted of four replications and each replication used one male local lamb. The treatments were P0 = 60% grass field + 40% concentrate + 0% temulawak flour (as a control); P1 = control + 0.5% temulawak flour; P2 = control + 1% temulawak flour; and P3 = control + 1.5% temulawak flour. The parameters observed were dry matter intake (in BK), average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion, and feed cost per gain. The data were analyzed by variance analysis to feed consumption, crude protein intake, and feed conversion and covariance analysis for average daily gain. The results of variance analysis showed that the addition of temulawak flour until level of 1.5% in ration gave non-significant effect (Pâ‰¥0.05) to feed intake, crude protein intake, and feed conversion. The covariance analysis for average daily gain (ADG) also showed the same result, nonsignificant effect. The average of the treatments of P0, P1, P2 and P3 were: (i) the dry matter intake were 649.98, 589.99, 596.75, and 594.33 grams/head/day; (ii) crude protein intake were 99.02, 95.61, 96.67, and 96.40 grams/head/day, (iii) average daily gain (ADG) were 82.59, 73.22, 81.70, and 86.61 grams/head/day, (iv) feed conversion were 8.11, 8.19, 7.39, and 7.40; and (v) feed cost per gain were Rp9,499.87, Rp10,072.35, Rp9,523.28, and Rp9,976.14, respectively. The conclusion of this research was the addition of temulawak flour until level of 1.5% from total ration did not need to be used in male local lamb livestock rations, because there was not an effect on the performance of male local lamb.
Supplementation effect of temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) meal in ration on male local rabbit performance
Authors: RIFAT M. , SUBAGYO Y.B.P. , PRATITIS WARA
Published: July 2018

Rifat M, Subagyo YBP, Pratitis W. 2008. Supplementation effect of temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) meal in ration on male local rabbit performance. Biofarmasi 6: 58-63. Rabbit was the alternative livestock which could be used to fulfill the increasing demand of animal protein. The meat of rabbit has smooth structure, shape and color as chicken meat, with protein which higher than cattle, sheep and pork, and also low cholesterol. To increase rabbit productivity, it could be reached by giving temulawak meal as additive feed which could stimulate stomach depletion and a passion to eat. This research aimed to determine the supplementation effect of temulawak meal (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) in ration on male local rabbit performance. It was held in Gulon village, Jebres district of Surakarta regency since November 28th, 2007 until January 8th, 2008. This research used 24 male local rabbits with average body weight 727.79Â±97.3 grams divided into four treatments and six replications, each replication consisted of a rabbit. The diets included rendeng (peanut tree) and concentrate with a ration of 70:30. The treatments were P0 (70% rendeng and 30% concentrate) as control diet, P1 (control diet + 2% temulawak meal), P2 (control diet + 4% temulawak meal), and P3 (control diet + 6% temulawak meal). Variable measured were feed intake, average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, and feed cost per gain. Data from the research result was analyzed with a variance analysis based on a completely randomized design with one-way classification. The results showed that the average of four treatments (P0, P1, P2 and P3) in series for feed intake were 51.89; 53.85; 50.02 and 55.57 (gram/head/day), average daily gain were 6.41; 6.21; 4.86 and 6.03 (gram/head/day), feed conversion ratio were 9.22; 8.83; 11.21 and 9.44, and feed cost per gain were Rp31.63; Rp32.18; Rp41.90 and Rp36.19. Variance analysis result was not significant (Pâ‰¥0.05). Based on the results, it could be concluded that temulawak meal supplementation in ration did not effect on male local rabbit performance.
Influence of temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) flour addition in ration on carcass and abdominal fat percentage of male local rabbit
Authors: PRAYOGI PRIYO WISMA , MARTATMO PUDJO , SUBAGYO Y.B.P.
Published: July 2018

Prayogi PW, Martatmo P, Subagyo YBP. 2009. Influence of temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) flour addition in ration on carcass and abdominal fat percentage of male local rabbit. Biofarmasi 7: 42-47. Increasing peopleâ€™s demand for rabbit meat was the reason to increase carcass percentage and decrease fat content, especially abdominal fat, so it can increase the meat productivity of rabbit. To increase rabbit productivity, it could be reached by giving temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) flour in the diet condition. Temulawak, has curcumin and essential oil contents which can stimulate the passion to eat and stimulate the liver cells to increase bile product, so that the bile secretion occurs well and gives good growth. The aim of this research was to determine the influence of temulawak flour addition in ration on carcass and abdominal fat percentage of male local rabbit. This research was conducted in RT 04/21, Gulon village, Jebres district, Surakarta, Central Java for eight weeks, started on November 28th, 2007 until January 8th, 2008. This research used one-way classification of Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 24 male local rabbits, about two months old with body weight 727.9Â±97.3 g. It consisted of four treatments (P0, P1, P2, P3), each treatment consisted of three replications, and each replication consisted of two male local rabbits. The treatments given were: P0 = as control, consisted of peanut tree (rendeng) 70% + concentrate 30%; P1 = control + 2% temulawak flour; P2 = control + 4% temulawak flour; and P3 = control + 6% temulawak flour. Variable measured were body weight, carcass weight, carcass percentage, carcass conformation, and the percentage of abdominal fat. The results showed that the average of four treatments (P0, P1, P2, and P3) in series for body weight were 1,014.333; 1,002.667; 961.667; and 944.667 grams, respectively. The averages of carcass weight were 428.667, 429.001, 410.667, and 390.333 grams. The carcass percentages were 42.297, 42.771, 42.717, and 40.997%. The carcass conformations were 41.593, 43.117, 40.147, and 40.450. In this research, no abdominal fat was found. The analysis of variance showed that the result was not significant in every parameter. It caused by temulawak flour supplementation until level 6% could not improve eat passion on male local rabbit yet, so that its consumption was still not significant (Pâ‰¥0.05). The conclusion which could be taken from this research was the addition of temulawak flour in ration until level 6% had no effect on body weight, carcass weight, carcass percentage, carcass conformation, and the percentage of abdominal fat of male local rabbit.
The influence of addition of various sweet potatoes (Ipomea batatas) extract to total count of cells and antioxidant activity in yogurt
Authors: RETNATI RETNATI , ANDRIANI M.A.M. , FAUZA GUSTI
Published: July 2018

Retnati, Andriani MAM, Fauza G. 2009. The influence of addition of various sweet potatoes (Ipomea batatas) extract to total count of cells and antioxidant activity in yogurt. Biofarmasi 7: 68-76. The aim of this research was to determine the influence of addition of various sweet potatoes extract to the total count of cells and the antioxidant activity in yogurt. Yogurt was made from fresh milk, skim milk, white sweet potato, orange sweet potato, purple sweet potato, and pure culture of Streptococcus thermophilus 0040 and Lactobacillus bulgaricus 0041 in straight MRS agar. Fresh milk, skim milk powder (5%, b/v), and sweet potato extract (10%, v/v) was pasteurized at 90oC for 15 minutes, cooled to the temperature between 40-45oC, inoculated with 2.5% S. thermophilus and L. bulgaricus with a proportion of 1.4:1, and then incubated at a temperature of 40oC for 15 hours. Yogurt without an addition of sweet potato extract was used as control. The parameters measured in this experiment were the total count of cells with TPC (Total Plate Count) method and the antioxidant activity with DPPH (2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. Samples were taken at one hour interval to examine the total count of cells, while the antioxidant activity was collected at three hours interval. The result of each analysis was plotted into graphics which describing the relation of total bacteria and antioxidant activity with fermentation time. ANOVA was employed to analyze the data. If there was a significant difference, it should be followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a significance level Î±=0.05. The result of this research showed that the addition of various sweet potatoes extracts increased the total count of cells and the antioxidant activity in yogurt. The total count of cells showed no significant different for each sample, it meant that the different colors in sweet potato did not influence the total count of cells. However, yogurt with orange and purple sweet potato extract addition had a significant difference on the antioxidant activity with control and yogurt with white sweet potato extract. In conclusion, the difference colors in sweet potato influenced in the antioxidant activity in yogurt significantly. Sweet potato is potential for milk substitute in yogurt production due to oligosaccharide content and antioxidant activity.
The mortality effect of castor bean (Ricinus communis) extract on Aedes aegypti larvae
Authors: WIBOWO TRI NUGROHO , DARUKUTNI DARUKUTNI , HANDAYANI SUTARTINAH SRI
Published: July 2018

Wibowo TN, Darukutni, Handayani SS. 2010. The mortality effect of castor bean (Ricinus communis) extract on Aedes aegypti larvae. Biofarmasi 8: 77-81. The aim of this research was to determine the mortality effect of Ricinus communis L. extract on Aedes aegypti L. larvae. This research was an laboratory experimental, with a post-test only controlled group design, and used 750 larvae Instar III of A. aegypti L. that divided into 6 groups (control group, and five treatment groups consisted of 0.10% extract, 0.25% extract, 0.50% extract, 0.75% extract and 1% extract). The sampling technical was a purposive sampling method. The larvae were put into 25 ml experimental liquid for 24 hours. The observation was counting a number of dead larvae in 24 hours. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA test continued with Least Significant Difference (LSD) using SPSS for Windows Release statistically with a significance level p<0.05 then continued with a probit analysis. There were 0 larva death at negative control, 23.8 (95%) larvae death at 0.10% extract concentration, 24.6 (98%) larvae death at 0.25% extract concentration, 25.0 (100%) larvae death at 0.50%, 0.75% and 1.00% extract concentration. There was a significant difference in larvae death of A. aegypti in all groups. The LC50 of R. communis extract was 0.01036% (103.6 ppm), therefore it could be concluded that R. communis extract had a mortality effect to A. aegypti larvae.
Influence of size reduction variation and fermentation time towards cyanide acid contents and phenolic compound in faba bean (Vicia faba) tempeh
Authors: INDRIYANI CHRISTIANA SEPTI , HANDAYANI SRI , RACHMAWATI DIAN
Published: July 2018

Indriyani CS, Handayani S, Rachmawati D. 2010. Influence of size reduction variation and fermentation time towards cyanide acid contents and phenolic compound in faba bean (Vicia faba) tempeh. Biofarmasi 8: 31-36. Tempeh is fermentation product wich very known by Indonesian society and has been familiar with various western society. Tempeh can be made from various ingredient, but usually, tempeh is made from soybean. Due to the increasing soybean price, it has been found another Leguminosae to substitute soybean. One of legume was faba bean, Leguminosae, that generally contains phenol as antioxidant and cyanide acid as antinutrient and toxic material. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of size reduction variation and fermentation time variation of faba beans tempeh production to cyanide acid and total phenol contents. This research used a factorial experiment that arranged in a Randomized Complete Design (RCD) with two experimental factors including size reduction (chopped and sliced) and the time of fermentation (0, 30, 36, 42 and 48 hours). The result showed that cyanide acid content in fermentation of 0, 30, 36, 42 and 48 hours on faba beans tempeh by chopped seeds were 0.060 mg/g, 0.048 mg/g, 0.036 mg/g, 0 mg/g and 0 mg/g, respectively, then on faba beans tempeh by sliced seeds were 0.072 mg/g, 0.036 mg/g, 0.036 mg/g, 0 mg/g and 0 mg/g, respectively. Meanwhile, the content of total phenol on faba beans tempeh by chopped seeds were 0.014750%, 0.149900%, 0.201825%, 0.170400% and 0.234400%, while on faba beans tempeh by sliced seeds were 0.014750%, 0.152650%, 0.178300%, 0.162750% and 0.192620%, respectively. The fermentation time and the size of faba beans seeds affected on cyanide acid and total phenol contents of faba beans tempeh. The longer fermentation time of faba beans tempeh caused lower cyanide acid content and higher total phenol content. The smaller size of faba beans seeds on tempeh caused lower cyanide acid content and higher total phenol content. The lowest cyanide acid content was contained in faba beans tempeh with chopped and sliced seeds with 42 and 48 hours fermentation reached 0 mg/g. The highest total phenol content was contained in chopped faba beans tempeh with 48 hours fermentation reached 0.234400%.
The effect of ethanol extracts concentration of mengkudu fruit (Morinda citrifolia) and storage time toward Euthynnus affinis meat quality
Authors: AYU VENERANDA SONYA , NUGRAHENI ESTU RETNANINGTYAS , PURWOKO TJAHJADI
Published: July 2018

Ayu VS, Nugraheni ER, Purwoko T. 2010. The effect of ethanol extracts concentration of mengkudu fruit (Morinda citrifolia) and storage time toward Euthynnus affinis meat quality. Biofarmasi 8: 58-65. High protein content in fish and the storage in a relatively short time will encourage the growth of bacteria. Therefore, the preservation techniques are required to expand the fish store. The use of formalin as a preservative substance, especially for fish, can damage to health, so it is necessary to find out the preservative substance as an alternative to substitute formalin. Mengkudu fruit (Morinda citrifolia L.) contains compounds that have an antibacterial activity, such as alkaloids and flavonoids. The purposes of this study were to determine the effect of ethanol extract concentration of mengkudu fruit and the storage time on the number of bacteria in Euthynnus affinis meat, and the concentration which have the same activity with formalin in inhibiting the number of bacteria in E. affinis meat. This research used a completely randomized design. The tested sample was Euthynnus affinis meat that soaked in ethanol extract of mengkudu fruit with concentrations between 10-100%. Every four hours, the TPC test, the water content, pH value and temperature of samples were measured. The results of observation were analyzed by ANOVA, further the results that significantly different were followed by a DMRT test with 95% confidence level. Based on the statistical analysis, the concentration of ethanol extract of mengkudu fruit and the storage time were significantly (p<0.05) in inhibiting the number of bacteria in Euthynnus affinis meat. The concentrations of extracts 80%, 90% and 100% had almost same activity to formalin in inhibiting the number of bacteria in Euthynnus affinis meat.