bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Double-Blind Comparative Study of the Inhibitory Effect of Intraduodenally Administered Hyoscine-N-Butylbromide on Human Duodenal Motility
Authors: Miyoshi A , Suyama T , Kawamura I
Published: September 2014

In a double-blind crossover study hyoscine-N-butylbromide (HBB) was compared with placebo in its inhibitory effect on duodenal motility stimulated by metoclopramide. Measurements were made both by the balloon technique and the open-tipped tube method with pressure transducer. 20 mg or 50 mg HBB or placebo were instilled in random sequence into the intestinal tract of 12 healthy volunteers.

The frequency of Type II waves was determined in each experiment after administration of the test substance following prior metoclopramide stimulation. This frequency was used as the inhibitory index for each drug. The test substance was administered 15 minutes before a second stimulation.

A four-way analysis of variance (mixed model) was applied to the calculated number of waves per period. Subjects were required to respond equally to stimulation with increased motility on both trial days as evidenced by a minimal difference in the averages following the first stimulation on each trial day and before application of the test substance. The frequency of Type II waves after 20 mg and 50 mg HBB was reduced in a statistically significant manner in each case when compared with placebo. The probabilities of error were p < 0·05 and p < 0·025.
Penbutolol in Hypertension: A Pilot Study with Single Daily Doses
Authors: Yajnik V H , Nandi J S , Patel S C , Doshi H V , Patel S H
Published: September 2014

A pilot single-blind placebo controlled crossover within-patient study was undertaken in essential hypertension. In ten patients single daily doses of 25 mg and 50 mg and in two patients 25 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg were used. Satisfactory reductions in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the supine and erect postures were observed. Reduction in heart rate was of the order of 6·32%, there being no correlation between reductions in blood pressure and decrements in heart rate. Three patients were dropped from the final analyses. Seventy-eight per cent (7/9) of patients had a final diastolic pressure (lying) of 90 mm Hg or less. Single doses of penbutolol controlled blood pressure for at least twenty-four hours. At the end of two weeks on placebo medication, following nine weeks of active drug medication, blood pressure had reverted to near pre-treatment levels. Penbutolol was well tolerated.
Observations on the Gastric Mucosa of Rheumatic Patients before and after Ibuprofen Administration as Studied by the Pentagastrin Test, Endoscopy, and Light and Electron Microscopy
Authors: Teixeira A Vasconcelos , Abrunhosa Rui , Poças Licinio
Published: September 2014

The initial results of a study set up to investigate the gastric mucosa in rheumatic patients receiving ibuprofen are described. The study involved seven male patients, aged between 17 to 70 years, suffering from various rheumatic diseases. All patients received a daily dose of 1200 mg of ibuprofen per os divided into three fractions and taken over periods of treatment ranging from one to six weeks.

On the data obtained by the gastric secretion test, endoscopy, and specific histological and ultrastructure studies it is concluded that, in the cases investigated, ibuprofen could not be shown to be responsible for any significant modifications of the gastric mucosa.
A Trial of Benorylate Tablets in the Symptomatic Relief of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Hamill J J
Published: September 2014

A two-week assessment of Benoral tablets was carried out in general practice in 171 patients with degenerative joint disease to see how symptomatic response related to selected presenting features of the disease. A short history, less severe initial state and multiple joint involvement were each associated with a better response. Overall 84·4% of patients reported Benoral tablets to have helped relieve their symptoms and a high proportion preferred Benoral to their previous anti-arthritic medication.
A Comparison of a New Slow Release Aspirin (“Slow Aspirin”) with Plain Aspirin in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Disease
Authors: Clarke D N , Mowat N A G , Brunt P W , Bain L S
Published: September 2014

In a single centre double-blind crossover study in eighteen patients with established rheumatoid disease, a new slow release aspirin (“slow aspirin”) was compared with plain aspirin with respect to patient tolerability and gastric mucosal damage as observed at gastroscopy. “Slow aspirin” was significantly better than plain aspirin with regard to gastroscopic findings. With “slow aspirin”, the gastric mucosal appearances were definitely better in eight patients, worse in two, and eight showed no difference. There was a high incidence of gastric ulceration or erosions in the groups as a whole (39%) but few patients complained of dyspepsia. There was little difference in the ability of both plain and “slow aspirin” in controlling the patients' joint symptoms. Evidence has been provided to suggest that “slow aspirin” is less injurious to the gastric mucosa. In an attempt to reduce gastric mucosal damage due to prolonged aspirin treatment it is therefore concluded that “slow aspirin” merits consideration in the management of chronic rheumatoid disease.
Critical Dosages for Oral Contraceptives
Authors: Mladenović D , Grčić R , Pestelek B , Kapor M
Published: September 2014

An investigation was carried out into the effectiveness of Ovostat E, a low dosage oral contraceptive. One hundred women, aged between 17 and 39 years, participated in the trial; 47 women completed 12 treatment cycles and 42 of these completed all 24 treatment cycles. The following results were obtained by computer analysis:

Reliability was 100% and the Pearl Index therefore - 0 Cycle Control length: an obvious regulating effect; 85·3% was the average percentage of women with a cycle length of 26 to 30 days. withdrawal bleeding occurred in 94·6% of cycles duration of withdrawal bleeding: no change in 26·0% 1–2 days shorter in 51· 7% 1–2 days longer in 5·6% intensity of withdrawal bleeding: no change in 61·9% decreased in 29·3% increased in 3·4% irregular bleedings occurred in 4·6% of cycles.

The most common complaints were nervousness, headache and nausea, the last two virtually disappearing after the 3rd treatment cycle.

Of the 49 women who continued the investigation for the further eighteen months, 2 dropped out because of intolerance, 1 because of objections to the periodic check-ups and 1 for reasons unknown.
Pentazocine Suppositories for Post-Operative Pain: Intramuscular Pentazocine Injections versus Suppositories in a Controlled Trial in 588 Patients
Authors: Ward-McQuaid J N , Chakrabarti S.
Published: September 2014

A between-patient comparison of the analgesic effect of pentazocine 50 mg by suppository and 30-45 mg by intramuscular injection was made in 558 post-operative patients, 54% within 24 hours of operation. The suppositories proved acceptable overall, even though effectiveness was less at half an hour after administration (particularly in those patients with severe initial pain) and there was greater need for further analgesia at One hour. The cost of treatment with suppositories is less than with injections. After the suppositories there were half as many patients asleep at one hour than after injections, and fewer possible side-effects (7 compared to 24).
Temazepam (Euhypnos®) as a Hypnotic: A Multicentre Trial in General Practice
Authors: Fowler L K
Published: September 2014

In a one week study of 236 patients, soft gelatine capsules containing 10 mg temazepam (Euhypnos®) were evaluated as a hypnotic in general practice. Doses of 10-30 mg were generally well tolerated and performed satisfactorily in 76% of the patients. Seventy-two per cent experienced no hangover effect and 72% rated Euhypnos as good as or better than their previous hypnotic drugs.
A Clinical Evaluation of Pivampicillin in Childhood Pneumonia
Authors: Khan Ashfaq Alam
Published: September 2014

A clinical trial was done at the University Teaching (Children's) Hospital on 20 children suffering from clinical pneumonias with a specific drug regime with pivampicillin suspension. Every child was re-examined after 7-10 days of discharge from hospital. Only one child developed diarrhoea. There was no significant adverse drug toxicity shown in the biomedical investigations. Pivampicillin, three times a day at a dosage of 175 mg t.d.s. was found to be therapeutically effective in the treatment of childhood pneumonias.
Preparation of the Large Bowel for Endoscopy
Authors: Teague R H , Manning A P
Published: September 2014

After the use of a number of varied purgation regimens for precolonoscopy preparation of the bowel and the use of X-Prep® liquid for the purgation phase in 500 patients with a very high success rate and low side effects, we have found that this preparation provides the best results, both for the patient and the endoscopist.
Failure of Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride to Prevent Thrombosis at Sites of Endarterectomy in Dogs
Authors: Davis James W , Phillips Phyllis E , Lucas Shannon R , Yue Kenneth T N , Piotrowski Rosemary L , Roush Abigail E
Published: September 2014

Our previous work has shown that the addition of diphenhydramine hydrochloride to platelet-rich plasma is capable of causing disaggregation of platelet aggregates already induced by adenosine diphosphate as well as of inhibiting platelet aggregation when added prior to the aggregating agent. This led us to attempt to prevent arterial thrombosis in a canine experimental model. Ten dogs received an injection of diphenhydramine (approximately 3 mg/kg of body-weight) into the right common femoral artery 1 cm proximal to the proximal end of a 2 cm endarterectomy immediately after closure of the endarterectomy site and prior to performing an endarterectomy of the other common femoral and both common carotid arteries. The dogs which received diphenhydramine were compared with ten control dogs and found to have no protection against thrombosis at the sites of endarterectomy after 4 and 24 hours.
A Comparative Study of Floctafenine (Idarac) and Ibuprofen in the Treatment of Osteoarthrosis
Authors: Rhind V M , Leatham P A , Wright V , Akbar F A , Downie W W
Published: September 2014

A two-by-two-week crossover trial was conducted in patients with osteoarthrosis, using a double-dummy technique of drug administration. The drugs used were floctafenine (Idarac) and ibuprofen both given in a dose of 200 mg four times daily. Both drugs provided comparable relief of pain. Side-effects were few and generally mild. The results indicate that in the treatment of osteoarthrosis, floctafenine is comparable to ibuprofen (in the dose used in the study) in terms of efficacy and toxicity.
Double-Blind Oral Analgesic Study of Butorphanol in Episiotomy Pain: A Comparison with Codeine and Placebo
Authors: Levin Harvey M , Sanzari Neil P , Losada Manuel , Caruso Frank S
Published: September 2014

Butorphanol tartrate (8 mg and 16 mg), codeine phosphate (60 mg) and placebo were compared for oral analgesic activity and side-effects employing a double-blind design in 127 hospitalized women suffering from moderate to very severe post-partum episiotomy pain. The study duration was 24 hours with medication administered every 6 hours for a total of four doses per patient. The results demonstrate that butorphanol 8 mg, 16 mg and codeine 60 mg were all significantly better than placebo (p<0.05). The data indicate that both doses of butorphanol were longer-acting than codeine as determined by significant activity over codeine at the longer time intervals (4, 5 and 6 hours) after dosing. The onset of activity appeared to be 1 hour for butorphanol 8 mg as well as codeine 60 mg and 1/2 hour for butorphanol 16 mg. The peak effect occurred at 2 hours for all treatments. The duration of effect appeared to be 4 hours for codeine 60 mg, and longer, possibly 5 to 6 hours, for butorphanol 8 and 16 mg. All of the active treatments significantly improved the patient's ability to “get a good night's sleep” which was impaired before treatment. The longer duration of action for butorphanol 8 and 16 mg over codeine 60 mg was also reflected in these parameters. Generally, the incidence of side-effects in this study was low with the active treatments presenting a higher incidence than placebo but similar to each other. No serious side-effects were observed in this study. The most common side-effects were drowsiness for butorphanol and nausea for codeine.
An Open Assessment of a New Low Dose Oestrogen Combined Oral Contraceptive
Authors: Hughes Ivor
Published: September 2014

This was a multicentre general practitioner study using a new low dose oral contraceptive, Ovamin 30 (ethinyloestradiol 30 μg, ethynodiol diacetate 2 mg). Results showed a pregnancy rate calculated as a Pearl Index of 0.4. An analysis of bleeding patterns showed consistently acceptable cycle control. From these results it would appear that Ovamin 30 is an effective and well tolerated low dose oral contraceptive preparation.
Single-Dose Oral Treatment of Vaginal Trichomoniasis with Tinidazole and Metronidazole
Authors: Rao H T Manorama , Shenoy D Radhakrishna
Published: September 2014

Sixty cases of trichomonal vaginitis were randomly allocated to treatment with tinidazole or metronidazole, both administered as a 2 g single dose. One patient on tinidazole did not complete her follow-up. Parasitological cure was obtained in all patients in both the treatment groups. A satisfactory clinical response was obtained in all 29 patients on tinidazole, and in 27 out of 30 (90%) on metronidazole. Complete relief of symptoms was obtained in 62% (18/29) and 13% (4/30) of patients on tinidazole and metronidazole, respectively (p<0.01). Ten patients on tinidazole and 24 on metronidazole manifested side-effects. The frequency and severity of side-effects were much more in the metronidazole group (p <0.01). Tinidazole has distinct advantages over metronidazole in the one-dose treatment of trichomonal vaginitis.
Clinical Trial with Lunerin® Mixture and Lunerin® Mite in Children with Secretory Otitis Media
Authors: Saunte Carsten , Johansson Sten-Åke
Published: September 2014

A double-blind comparison between a combined antihistaminic and vasoconstricting preparation (Lunerin® Mixture, Lunerin® Mite) and placebo was performed in children with secretory otitis media.

It was shown that the children given the active drug reacted more favourably on every investigated parameter (hearing threshold, appearance and mobility of the ear drum, number of myringotomies and observation time) than the patients who were given placebo. The incidence of side-effects was low.
A Comparative Evaluation of Oral Decongestants in the Treatment of Vasomotor Rhinitis
Authors: Löfkvist Thorvald , Svensson Gunnar
Published: September 2014

In a seven-week double-blind crossover study, Disofrol® (dexbrompheniramine maleate + d-isoephedrine sulphate) was compared with Lunerin® (brompheniramine + 2-amino-1-phenylpropanol-(1)-hydrochloride) and with placebo in the treatment of vasomotor rhinitis in thirty-one patients. From the patients' evaluations on diary cards Disofrol reduced the symptom running nose to a higher degree than Lunerin, an effect possibly ascribable to a greater anticholinergic activity. Both preparations had equal ability to relieve nasal blockage and both combinations were found to be more effective than placebo.
Further Experience with 2100 Consecutive Ketamine Administrations: Newer Indications and Restrictions
Authors: Lotfy A O , Sami M , Jahed A K Amir
Published: September 2014

Two thousand one hundred consecutive administrations of ketamine as an anaesthetic agent are reviewed. On the basis of the experience described, the authors assess that this agent could be used with safety in the average patient presenting for surgery and that it would be likely to suffice as the sole anaesthetic agent in 40% of such cases but would require supplementation by other anaesthetic agents in the remaining 60% of cases. They recommend it as being particularly useful in children submitting to dental surgery as it can be used without sedative premedication and permits of rapid recovery.
The Effectiveness of Topical Antibacterials in Acne: A Double-Blind Clinical Study
Authors: Franz E , Weidner-Strahl S
Published: September 2014

In a double-blind study, three groups of patients with mild to moderate acne were treated for eight weeks with topical acne creams containing the antibacterials triclosan or triclosan plus propylene phenoxetol. The formula without antibacterials served as the control. Total-face lesion counts, evaluation of the overall degree of inflammation of the lesions, and patient self-assessment showed the added efficacy of the antibacterials when incorporated into the control.
A Controlled Study of Trancopal in the Treatment of Sleep Disturbances Due to Anxiety
Authors: Warnock J M T
Published: September 2014

Sixty-eight patients presenting with sleep disturbances due to mild neurotic anxiety were treated for two weeks with a single night-time dose of 400 mg Trancopal or matching placebo under double-blind conditions. Patients kept a daily record of the quality of their sleep and the observer carried out a weekly rating of anxiety using a modified Hamilton scale. By Day 7 patients receiving Trancopal had a significantly better rating for sleep and mean Hamilton scores for day-time anxiety than the placebo group. Side-effects were minimal.

It was concluded that for patients with sleep disturbances due to neurotic anxiety Trancopal is a well tolerated and effective alternative to the hypnotics.
A Comparison of the Relative Efficacy of Serenace and Chlorpromazine in the Treatment of Chronic Schizophrenics
Authors: Rompel H , Segal H
Published: September 2014

A study designed to assess the relative efficacy of chlorpromazine and Serenace in the control of chronic schizophrenics is described. Twenty-five cases were selected for the study and were randomly allocated to treatment. The condition of the patients was assessed at fortnightly intervals over the eight-week duration of trial period. No significant differences in side-effects emerged in patients on chlorpromazine and Serenace in the dosages administered. The statistically significant trends all showed a superiority of Serenace above chlorpromazine which was in accord with the clinical picture.
Influence of Sulphinpyrazone (Anturan®) on Thrombo-elastography
Authors: Leutenegger F , Michot F
Published: September 2014

Sulphinpyrazone (Anturan®, 200 mg four times daily) was administered orally to 10 patients for two weeks. Thromboelastographic determinations revealed no disturbance of coagulation and it may therefore be concluded that Anturan® can also be safely administered pre-operatively.
A Multicentre Evaluation of Sustained Release Oxprenolol in the Management of Hypertension in Hospital Out-Patient Practice
Authors: Forrest W A
Published: September 2014

One hundred and two patients with essential hypertension, managed in hospital out-patient clinics in the United Kingdom on a drug regime of beta-receptor antagonist alone, or in combination with a diuretic were successfully transferred to once daily sustained release oxprenolol. Where a diuretic was prescribed the dose remained unchanged.

Improved control of blood pressure was recorded in the majority of patients with one or two morning tablets of sustained release oxprenolol. Preference for once daily therapy, enthusiasm for the calendar pack, and a net increase in the mean daily dosage of a beta-receptor antagonist were the probable factors contributing to the improvement recorded.

Once daily sustained release oxprenolol would appear, in most hypertensive patients, to be an effective substitute for multi-dose treatment with beta-receptor antagonists in conventional formulation.
Tanderil®/Chloramphenicol Eye Ointment in the Treatment of the “Red Eye” Seen in General Practice
Authors: Rushford W A I , Holman R M , Pulvertaft T B
Published: September 2014

An open study is reported in which 35 general practitioners treated 128 patients suffering from ‘Red Eye’ with a new eye ointment containing 10% Tanderil (oxyphenbutazone) and 1% chloramphenicol.

One hundred and seventeen patients completed the seven day treatment period, in which time 99 had complete resolution of the symptoms and were discharged, the remaining 18 patients needed a longer period of treatment.

Eleven patients failed to complete the study period, of whom 5 patients were subsequently referred to a specialist and 6 had their treatment changed by the general practitioner. Six patients showed signs of allergy to the ointment, all of whom were being treated for allergic conjunctivitis. Seventeen per cent of patients had some difficulty in applying the eye ointment or complained of subsequent blurring of vision.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Syn-Ergel and an Active Placebo in the Treatment of Heartburn of Pregnancy
Authors: Shaw R W
Published: September 2014

A randomized controlled trial was performed to study the efficacy of Syn-Ergel with an active placebo in the treatment of heartburn of pregnancy in ninety-two patients completing 7 days of therapy. Syn-Ergel was significantly better (p 0.001) in all groups of pre-treatment pain severity in relieving the symptoms, and had a longer duration of action, than the active placebo. Complete relief of pain was achieved in 79.5% of Syn-Ergel treatments with a further 10% of treatments resulting in marked easing of discomfort at 1 hour following administration. The corresponding figures for the ‘active placebo’ were 56% and 20%.

The combination of an antacid and a protective mucosal coating agent would appear to be a useful approach in the treatment of heartburn of pregnancy.
Loxapine in Neurotic Anxiety: Some Modifiers of Treatment Response
Authors: Rickels Karl , Weise Charles C , Feldman Harold , Fee Eugene A , Wiswesser George
Published: September 2014

The authors describe a double-blind trial of six weeks duration which was designed to compare the anxiolytic properties of chlordiazepoxide, loxapine and placebo in a total of 135 anxious neurotic out-patients.
Treatment of Nausea and Vomiting Related to Anti-Cancerous Multiple Combination Chemotherapy: Results of Two Controlled Studies
Authors: Israel L , Rodary C
Published: September 2014

Two controlled double-blind studies were carried out successively on a cancerous out-patient population receiving multiple combination chemotherapy at successive treatment courses to show the anti-emetic efficiency of metopimazine compared to a placebo. The patient was taken as his own control and the treatment, order was randomly selected.

The first trial

▄ consisting of sixty-seven patients, showed a weak statistically significant difference (0.05 < p < 0.10) between metopimazine at doses of 30 mg/day or 15 mg/day and a placebo.

The second trial

▄ comparing a higher dose of metopimazine (45 mg/day) among one hundred and sixteen patients, showed a highly statistically significant therapeutic advantage over a placebo (0.001 < p < 0.01).
A Multicentric Clinical Trial Comparing Otocerol® with Cerumol® as Cerumenolytics
Authors: Jaffé Gabriel , Grimshaw Jack
Published: September 2014

Fifteen general practitioners conducted a randomized, double-blind comparative trial of two cerumenolytics, namely, Otocerol® and Cerumol®. A total of 106 patients were entered into the study (fifty-three in each group). Otocerol was shown to be marginally better than Cerumol in all parameters evaluated.
The Weeping Ear: Clinical Re-Evaluation of Treatment
Authors: Gydé Maurice C , Norris Douglas , Kavalec Edward C
Published: September 2014

This study was designed to compare the efficacy and safety of gentamicin otic solution versus colistin-neomycin-hydrocortisone otic suspension in the treatment of otorrhoea due to infection. Fifty-five patients (mean age 36·6 ± 22·1 years) with sixty infected ears with otorrhoea complicating otitis externa, recurrent otitis media with tympanic membrane perforation, or infected mastoid cavities and post-operative tympanoplasties, were treated for 14 days with either an aqueous solution of gentamicin 0·3% or an aqueous suspension of Colistin 0·3%, neomycin 0·33% and hydrocortisone 1·0%. The two possible treatments were assigned randomly and the results were assessed double-blind using usual ordinal scales for monitoring the severity of symptoms. Both otic preparations were found to be equally safe in the treatment of otorrhoea due to infection. No side-effects were observed and hearing status was either unchanged or improved. The antibiotic-steroid combination appeared to be more effective in relieving inflammation in a shorter period of time while gentamicin was observed to be more effective in eradicating the infecting organisms.
Advantages and Benefits of Once-Daily Nadolol Treatment in Hypertension
Authors: González Diego
Published: September 2014

This multicentre, open study was conducted in 263 hypertensive patients from six different countries by seventeen investigators. The results confirm the efficacy and safety of nadolol, used alone or in combination therapy in the treatment of hypertension, even inpatients in whom previous antihypertensive therapy with other drugs was unsatisfactory. The study also demonstrated that nadolol can effectively replace a variety of other antihypertensive agents, and, because of once a day dosage, can enhance patient compliance and produce better therapeutic responses.
Tolciclate in the Local Treatment of Skin Candidiases: A Double-Blind Controlled Multiclinic Trial versus Clotrimazole
Authors: Battaglia A , Intini C , Perbellini A , Guglielminetti M , Viaro D , Sacchetti G
Published: September 2014

A controlled double-blind multiclinic trial comparing the activity and tolerability of tolciclate and clotrimazole on skin candidiasis was carried out in twenty-seven dermatological departments throughout Italy. Two hundred and seventy-eight patients were admitted to the trial. Tolciclate and clotrimazole 1% cream and lotion were applied twice a day for a mean time of about 3 weeks.

Efficacy was evaluated weekly during the treatment both by clinical and mycological (culture) examinations.

Culture baseline findings were positive for Candida sp in about 72% of cases; C. albicans was the most frequent species (41·5%) but also C. krusei and C. stellatoidea were isolated in a high percentage of cases.

Tolciclate induced clinical cure or improvement in 89·7% of cases, mycological conversion in 73·6% with an overall efficacy (clinical + mycological) in 72·2%.

Clotrimazole gave comparable results with, respectively, 95·7% of clinical cure or improvement, 75·3% of culture conversion and 77·6% of overall efficacy.

The differences were small and statistically not significant. Tolerability was good and similar in both experimental groups.
The Effect of Clemastine and Hydroxyzine on Cutaneous Histamine Response in Man
Authors: Rihoux J P , Polderman J
Published: September 2014

Histamine-induced cutaneous wheals were measured in five healthy volunteers 2, 4, 8 and 24 hours after per os administration of a single dose of clemastine 1 mg and hydroxyzine 25 mg. Clemastine produced a mean wheal suppression of 9%, 18%, 18% and 6%, while hydroxyzine produced a mean wheal suppression of 49%, 73%, 82% and 77%.

This experiment demonstrates the potent and long-lasting anti-H1 effect of hydroxyzine.
Intravenous Maprotiline in Severe and Resistant Primary Depression: A Double-Blind Comparison with Clomipramine
Authors: Drago F , Motta A , Grossi E
Published: September 2014

A double-blind, randomized trial is described which was designed to compare the clinical effect of 100 mg daily of maprotiline (Ludiomil®) and of clomipramine (Anafranil®) given by the intravenous route in forty hospitalized female patients with severe and resistant primary depression. Physicians' assessment of patients' progress was made following 5, 9 and 21 days of treatment. The response rates to maprotiline and clomipramine were not significantly different even if a greater number of patients responded to clomipramine. None of the demographic and clinical variables considered could be identified as factor predicting the response to maprotiline and to clomipramine, even if a trend for a preferential responsiveness to clomipramine in the older patients was observed.
A Multicentre Comparison of Flurbiprofen and Naproxen in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Four-Week Study in 118 Patients
Authors: Ligniere G Cherie , Còlamussi V , Cozzolongo A C , Loizzi P , Frizziero L , Mattara L , Zorzin L
Published: September 2014

One-hundred and eighteen patients with rheumatoid arthritis were treated for 4 weeks with flurbiprofen 300 mg/day (sixty patients) or naproxen 750 mg/day (fifty-eight patients) in a six-centre randomized trial. Flurbiprofen proved to be more effective than naproxen in reducing morning stiffness (p < 0·01), Ritchie articular index (p < 0·01) and number of swollen joints (p < 0·05) and in relieving night pain (p < 0·01).

The incidence and severity of side-effects, mainly gastric, were both low and similar with flurbiprofen (17%) and naproxen (19%).
Small Intrathecal Doses of Lysine-Acetylsalicylate Relieve Intractable Pain in Man
Authors: Devoghel Jean-Claude
Published: September 2014

On the basis of convincing data about the central action of prostaglandins on neuronal nociceptive transmission, twelve patients received an intrathecal injection of lysine-acetylsalicylate. The relief of pain was impressively intense and long-acting.
Dextromethorphan and Codeine: Objective Assessment of Antitussive Activity in Patients with Chronic Cough
Authors: Matthys Heinrich , Bleicher Bärbel , Bleicher Ulrich
Published: September 2014

Dextromethorphan, the most widely used cough suppressant in the U.S.A., was compared with codeine, the traditional European antitussive, in a double-blind, crossover trial using both an objective and subjective assessment of efficacy in sixteen patients with chronic, stable cough. Both preparations, at a dose of 20 mg, were similarly effective in reducing cough frequency. Dextromethorphan lowered cough intensity to a greater degree than codeine (p < 0·0008) and was considered the better antitussive by the majority of patients (p < 0·001). In view of its lack of side-effects, its safety even in overdose and its non-narcotic status, the increasing trend in Europe to use dextromethorphan as a substitute for codeine in the treatment of cough is to be welcomed.
Effects of Allopurinol (Zyloric®) in Patients with Long-Term Indwelling Urethral Catheters
Authors: Eddeland Allan , Hedelin Hans
Published: September 2014

A randomized double-blind study of the effect of allopurinol on the need for catheter attention and the amount of catheter encrustation has been conducted in hospitalized patients with long-term indwelling catheters. Allopurinol 300 mg as a single daily dose significantly reduced the frequency of need for catheter attention including catheter change. There was no significant effect on the quantity of catheter encrustation.
The Efficacy of a Potassium-Sparing Combination of Chlorthalidone and Triamterene in the Control of Mild and Moderate Hypertension. II
Authors: Webb Edmund L , Godfrey John C , Gertel Arthur , Costello Robert J , Cooper William H , Zisblatt Martin , Vukovich Robert A , Neiss E S
Published: September 2014

Chlorthalidone 50 mg/triamterene 50 mg in once-daily oral doses was as effective in reducing blood pressure as chlorthalidone 50 mg alone. The decrease in serum potassium was statistically significantly less with the combination than for chlorthalidone. There were no notable differences between the treatments in any other measure of laboratory safety or adverse reaction.
Treatment of Severe or Resistant Corticosteroid-Responsive Dermatoses with Diprolene® Cream
Authors: Cabrera M E
Published: September 2014

In an open study Diprolene®* Cream was administered to fifty patients with severe or resistant psoriasis, atopic dermatitis or other corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses. For a period of 14 days, patients applied 3·5 grams of medication twice daily. Efficacy was evaluated in forty-six patients, while tolerance and safety were evaluated in fifty patients. Therapeutic response in forty-one of forty-six patients was noted by treatment Day 3. By Day 14, mean total severity score of signs and symptoms in twenty-one patients with psoriasis was reduced by 88%. Similarly, in twenty-five patients with other severe or resistant corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses, a 99% decrease in the mean total severity score of signs and symptoms was evident. Of the patients evaluable for tolerance and safety, twenty-four of fifty reported transient, mild to moderate burning that occurred most often upon application of the study preparation. Therapy was not discontinued in any of these patients, and none required additional treatment for the local reaction. Morning plasma cortisol levels in monitored patients remained within normal limits throughout the study.
Oral Buflomedil in Diabetic Background Retinopathy: Results of a Preliminary Controlled Study
Authors: Ducrey N , Curchod B
Published: September 2014

Twenty insulin-dependent diabetic patients with signs of background retinopathy were given Buflomedil 600 mg/day orally or placebo in a randomized double-blind trial for a 6-month period. A larger number of patients had their retinal condition deteriorating in the placebo group and this finding is an indication for pursuing investigations on a larger scale in this direction.
Efficacy and Tolerability of Oral Acetylcysteine (Fabrol®) in Chronic Bronchitis: A Double-Blind Placebo Controlled Study
Authors: Jackson I M , Barnes Janice , Cooksey P
Published: September 2014

This multicentre, double-blind, placebo controlled, between-patient study in general practice in the United Kingdom examined the effect of oral N-acetylcysteine (Fabrol®) on the symptomatology of patients with chronic bronchitis over a 3-month period. Although improvement in subjective symptoms (sputum viscosity and character, difficulty in expectoration and cough severity) occurred in both treatment groups over the trial period, improvements in difficulty in expectoration and cough severity were greater in patients receiving N-acetylcysteine compared to matching placebo. Trial medication was well tolerated, with a greater number of side-effects attributed to therapy occurring inpatients receiving placebo.
Broad Spectrum Oral Amoxycillin* in Acute Respiratory Tract Infections
Authors: Kalachand S
Published: September 2014

The clinical outcome of 143 patients presenting with acute respiratory tract infection and treated with oral amoxycillin is described. A clinical success rate of 92% was observed after 1 week's therapy with only one patient deteriorating whilst on treatment. Side-effects were mild and limited to 7% of patients.
A Clinical Appraisal of Flucloxacillin in the Management of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in Nigeria
Authors: Duncan J T Kofi
Published: September 2014

The resolution of skin and soft tissue infections following a single course of treatment with flucloxacillin* was assessed in 235 patients recruited by nineteen physicians. In all, 88·5% of patients were completely cured or showed a highly satisfactory improvement after 3 to 12 days' treatment. Only three patients failed to show any improvement at all. Side-effects were limited to twelve patients (5·1%) all of whom were able to complete their course of treatment.
A Double-Blind Comparison of Terfenadine and Mequitazine in the Symptomatic Treatment of Acute Pollinosis
Authors: Hugonot L , Hugonot R , Beaumont D , Cahen  , Colomby  , Dufour  , Gardant  , Krotenberg  , Mathes  , Maurin  , Oualid  , Rouach  , Caperan  , Pin  , Zambelli
Published: September 2014

This study was a double-blind, parallel group comparison of terfenadine (TRF) 60 mg b.i.d. and mequitazine (MQZ) 5 mg b.i.d. for 7 days in the symptomatic treatment of acute pollinosis. The trial took place in the same geographic area and during the same pollen season (May-July 85), to ensure homogeneity of the study population. The fourteen investigators participating in this multicentre trial recruited 141 patients (69 TRF; 72 MQZ) suffering from well-documented pollinosis, mainly hay fever and sometimes allergy to tree pollens. Symptoms (nasal itching, sneezing, rhinorrhoea, obstruction, conjunctivitis) and possible somnolence were rated daily using a 4-point rating-scale of 0 to 3 by the patient on a diary card. Assessment of over-all efficacy and tolerability – focusing on atropinic side-effects – was made at the end of the seven-days treatment period by the physician, after reviewing the diary card and questioning the patient.

The means score profile of each symptom for the study period was similar with the two treatments. Both had a fast onset of action with the regression of the total symptoms' score being already significant at day 1. Over-all assessment of efficacy at day 7 showed no significant difference between the two treatments. The daily somnolence scores however showed a clear and significant difference between the two drugs: the frequency of moderate to marked somnolence from day 2 to 7 was around 15% with MQZ and around 5% on days 2 to 5 and 0% on days 6 and 7 with TRF, the difference being significant on days 2, 5, 6 and 7. The incidence of blurred vision was 7% with MQZ requiring cessation of therapy in one patient, compared with 0% with TRF (p < 0-06). Side-effects other than somnolence and atropinic effects were reported in two TRF and six MQZ patients. In conclusion terfenadine and mequitazine displayed the same efficacy for symptoms of pollinosis, but terfenadinie was better tolerated.
RV11 (Propionyl Erythromycin Mercaptosuccinate) Pharmacokinetics in Bronchial Secretions
Authors: Concia E , Marone P , Moreo G C , Sardi C , Braschi R
Published: September 2014

The kinetics of RV11 (propionyl erythromycin mercaptosuccinate) in serum and bronchial secretions was investigated in heterogeneous bronchopneumopathic patients requiring diagnostic bronchoscopy. A single oral dose, equivalent to 500 mg of erythromycin base, was administered to all patients and the bronchial secretion and plasma concentrations were determined after 2, 3 and 4 hr.

The bronchial secretion and plasma levels consistently exceeded those reported previously for erythromycin per os, suggesting that RV11 may have an unusually high affinity for bronchial secretions in humans. The results of this study also suggested that RV11 might have different kinetics in bronchial secretions and serum, though further studies are required to provide definitive evidence.
A Combination of Buprenorphine and Naloxone Compared with Buprenorphine Administered Intramuscularly in Postoperative Patients
Authors: Roily G , Poelaert J , Mungroop H , Paelinck H
Published: September 2014

Sixty patients suffering from moderate to severe pain following either orthopaedic or gynaecological surgery were treated with intramuscular buprenorphine (0·3 mg) or an intramuscular combination of buprenorphine (0·3 mg)/naloxone (0·2 mg) and the analgesic efficacy and safety of the two treatments was compared. The evaluation of efficacy showed that both treatments provided good analgesia which was apparent at the first assessment time (10 minutes) and continued for approximately 10 hours. Only seven patients suffered from unwanted side-effects with only drowsiness/sleepiness and nausea being reported by more than one patient. Over-all analysis of the results showed that there were no significant differences between the two treatments with regard to efficacy and safety.
Clinical Experience with Intravenous Augmentin in the Treatment of Paediatric Infections
Authors: Ploechl E , Huber E G
Published: September 2014

The clinical efficacy of intravenous Augmentin (a formulation containing amoxycillin plus clavulanic acid) was investigated in an open study in fifty-eight children with a mean age of 6 years (range 1–15 years). The normal dosage was in the range 100–200 mg/kg/day Augmentin, administered parenterally by short i.v. infusion in 3 or 4 divided doses. Most patients were hospitalised for lower respiratory tract infections.

Complete clinical cure or distinct clinical improvement was achieved in all assessable cases. Bacteriological success was obtained in 92% of the assessable cases. In two patients, mild, transient exanthema was noted after i.v. Augmentin was replaced by oral Augmentin. No additional therapeutic measures were required.
Tolérance de l'Association Amoxicilline–Acide Clavulanique chez l'Enfant
Authors: Tazi-Lakhsassi L , Abid A , Sehlane M
Published: September 2014

Forty children all aged over 2 years and eutrophic were treated with the combination amoxycillin and clavulanic acid for various infections (twenty-three with meningitis, eleven with bronchial pneumonia, three with typhoid fever, two with lower urinary tract infections and one with ear infection of moderate severity).

Nine of these patients had sickness during treatment which was mild and transient in the majority of cases and caused treatment to be stopped in only one case (2·5%). This low level of gastric tolerance should not concern the paediatrician faced with an infection due to (or most likely to be) a β-lactamase producing micro-organism.
Explicit equations for the half-plane sub-surface stress field under a flat rounded contact
Authors: Vázquez Jesús , Navarro Carlos , Domínguez Jaime
Published: September 2014

In this article, the interior half-plane stress field resulting from the contact between a half-plane and a flat rounded punch is obtained in an explicit form. The punch is first subjected to a normal load, N, and later to a tangential load Q =  µN, so a global sliding condition is achieved. The equations presented here are obtained assuming that the contacting bodies exhibit isotropic elastic behaviour and have identical mechanical properties and that both bodies can be modelled as half-planes. In addition to the equations describing the interior stress field, the maximum value of the von Mises parameter and the location of this maximum value are obtained as a function of the b/ a ratio, a and b being the semi-widths of the contact zone and flat section, respectively. Finally, the direct stress, σ txx( x, 0), due to the tangential load is calculated using the formulae developed here.
He-cession? She-cession? The Gendered Impact of the Great Recession in the United States
Authors: Christensen Kimberly
Published: September 2014

Many commentators have remarked on the seemingly disproportionate job losses suffered by men in the initial days of the Great Recession; some conservative commentators have gone so far as to label it a “he-cession” or “man-cession.” In this paper, I assess the claim that the Great Recession has had a disproportionate impact on men. I begin by examining the position and status of women and men in the U.S. economy today in terms of labor force participation, occupational placement, relative wages, and financial responsibility for children. I discuss how women’s (especially women of color’s) economic status has rendered them particularly vulnerable to the impact of the Great Recession. I critique the notion of the “he-cession” and expose the faulty, ahistorical assumptions on which it is based. Finally, I examine the impact of state and local austerity on public sector employment and speculate as to the implications of austerity for the relative economic standing of women of various races/ethnicities.
Framing Cultural Resource Policies in Comprehensive Plans
Authors: Redaelli Eleonora , Haines Anna
Published: September 2014

In the United States, local governments have developed cultural policies, integrating them into the overall policy-making process. Although the research on cultural projects in urban development continues to grow, very few studies focus on American cities. Using a lens based on neo-institutional theory, this study traces the way Milwaukee and Madison, Wisconsin, framed policies for arts and culture in their comprehensive plans. One major finding shows that State law with its focus on historic preservation heavily influences policies for arts and culture within comprehensive plans. Left out are policies pertaining to creative industries, despite their increased consideration in cultural policy.
Measuring Acculturation With the ARSMA-II
Authors: Jones Nicole , Mortimer Amanda
Published: September 2014

The current literature review highlights the need for a two-dimensional rating system for Mexican American acculturation. It demonstrates increased attention to acculturation issues over time despite ongoing lack of the two-dimensional acculturation analysis. Although creators of the Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans–II (ARSMA-II) originally stated that the measure’s Mexican Orientation and Anglo Orientation subscales were orthogonal, they combined the two into a unidimensional acculturation score. A review of usage of the ARSMA-II from 1995 to 2013 revealed that 56% of studies collapsed the two subscales into a single acculturation score. Additional analysis revealed an increase in studies using the ARSMA-II across time, while showing that there was neither a difference in the usage of unidimensional and bidimensional scoring methods nor a shift in choosing scoring methods across time. We recommend that future studies use both the Mexican Orientation and the Anglo Orientation subscales to increase the accuracy of their acculturation research.
Sail on, Albion: the usefulness of Lloyd’s Registers for maritime history, 1760–1840
Authors: Behrendt Stephen D , Solar Peter M
Published: September 2014

Lloyd’s Registers are an underexploited source for maritime history, particularly during the industrial revolution era. We provide a critical description of this source, then assess its completeness as a record of British and Irish shipping by an analysis of entries for ships named Albion between 1776 and 1840. We pursue the Albions by comparing the information in the Registers with that in Lloyd’s List, a contemporary maritime newspaper. These exercises show that the Registers are much less than a complete census of British shipping, and that systematic analysis of this source must contend with some discontinuities in its quality.
Medieval maritime diplomacy: the case of Norwegian–Scottish relations, ca. 1266–1468/69
Authors: Grohse Ian Peter
Published: September 2014

In 1266, Norway and Scotland entered into an agreement aimed at pacifying a long tradition of competition over control of the islands and waterways along Scotland’s seaboards. This paper examines how the two kingdoms developed diplomatic strategies aimed at regulating social, economic and political developments along their common maritime frontier, and seeks to show how effective diplomacy was in ensuring long-term peace and stability in the region throughout the Late Middle Ages. It focuses on three issues which were addressed more explicitly in Norwegian–Scottish accords: first, the question of dominion over the islands around Scotland’s seaboards; second, the question of mobility to and from those islands; and third, the question of how to protect and limit the threat of piracy in and around those islands. Although largely unprecedented in a Northern European context, this case reveals emerging concepts and strategies of maritime sovereignty in the Late Middle Ages.