bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inestabilidad de la articulación tibio-peronea proximal como causa de dolor en artroplastia total de rodilla primaria.
Authors: RODRIGUEZ-COLLELL JUAN RAMON , MIFSUT-MIEDES DAMIAN
Published: January 2021

The isolated instability of the proximal tibiofibular joint (PTFJ) as a cause of pain in a prosthetic knee is a very rare clinical entity, to date we have only found one reference in the bibliography of ATPP instability associated with total knee arthroplasty. We review the bibliography on the different forms of instability and their etiology, as well as the possibilities of conservative and surgical treatment. We present the case of a patient with anterolateral instability PTFJ associated with a primary postero-stabilized (PS) TKA with a mobile tibial polyethylene.
Antimicrobial and Biofilm Inhibitory Activity of Nanoparticles Against Clinical Isolates from Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Ashwak Jasim Kzar
Published: January 2021

At these days nanoparticles (NPs) are used as antibacterial due to its have chemical-physical addition to

biological effect. A big group of microbial cells adhering to a surface are called biofilm. Exposure to nano

particles such as (Ag, Al2O3, Ni) may prevent colonization of new bacteria onto the biofilm. In the present

research we have analyze whether the biofilm formation of some isolates of pathogenic bacteria could be

influenced by NPs. Also we examined the susceptibility of the isolates to some antibiotics in combination

with Ag, Al2O3 and Ni nanoparticles. (50) Strains of isolated K. pneumonia have been examine from patients

with urinary tract infection were collected from Education of Baghdad hospitals in Iraq. Serial dilution of

Tube method to determination of MIC and MBEC for Nanoparticles against isolates was done. Biofilm

formation was evaluated by micro titer plates. Additionally. disc diffusion method was used to assay the

various antibiotics and combinations for bactericidal activity against the isolates. The results showed that

about 97% of the strains were capable to form of structure biofilms. More than 82% about of strains showed

resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Antibiotics and antimicrobials from mixed nanoparticles were

higher than compared to nanoparticles alone. Therefore, a synergistic effect was observed between silver -

Nickel nanoparticles and silver - aluminum oxide nanoparticles in to inhibiting the growth of K. pneumonia

strains. Furthermore, cytotoxicity activity of Ag NPs against Neuro-2a cells was higher than Al2O3 NPs. The

results suggest that nanoparticles can be used as antimicrobial agents for therapeutic to treat urinary tract

infections caused by K. pneumoniae.
Study of Pattern Distribution of Injuries in Fatal Road Traffic Accident Cases Autopsied at MIMS, Mandya
Authors: K. Ashwini Narayan
Published: January 2021

Accidents are now one of the major causes of death. The present study was carried out between Jan 2016 to
Dec 2017 at Department of Forensic Medicine, Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences, Mandya, to study the
type of injury, pattern and distribution of injuries, body parts involved, fatal injuries and causes of deaths
noted at the actual autopsy examination of the victim. During the period of study 1013 total autopsies were
conducted, out of which 15 cases were of road traffic accidents.
Study of Pedestrian Injuries and Fatalities in Maharashtra Population
Authors: Mohammed Abdul Mateen
Published: January 2021

Background- Pedestrians are the common road users India, with increasing traffic on road has lead to

injuries and fatalities. The incidences of fatalities are higher than drivers of four wheelers or motor cyclist.

Method- Out of 734 Injuries and 213 fatalities were recorded in medico-legal records. The causes, types of

injuries age group, causes of fatalities were also studied.

Results- The major age group was between 10-20 had 210(28.6%) followed by age group 61-70 had

142(19.3%). The major history of pedestrian were 210(28.6%) alcoholic, followed by 173(23.5%) were

busy in mobile speaking. The major fractures were 69(9.40%) fractions of sternum, 176(23.9%) fracture

of skull. 185(25.2%) intra-cranial hemorrhage. The major causes of fatalities were hemorrhage and shock

138(64.7%), followed by head injuries57(26.7%).
Effect of Different Shoe Lacing Pattern on Different Types of Foot in Recreational Runners
Authors: Rushikesh Rajendra Mangale, Amrutkuvar Rayjade
Published: January 2021

Background: There has been an increase in the overall prevalence of obesity in India. There has been a

26% rise in the obesity among the young adults of India. At the same time, an awareness about fitness and

health has also been on a rise in our country.Jogging and running have been on a rise in popularity among

the youth of India. Heel-to-toe drop, styles of running, brand, fit and shoe lacing are some other factors that

affect running. Out of these shoe lacing is one of the simplest factors to modify. It can be done by anybody

and is an extremely cost effective measure.

Methodology: An experimental study is being conducted with a sample size of 33 subject in karad. The

population under study is Recreational runners age group of 20-40 years both male and female subjects. VAS

and Foot Posture Index were the outcome measures used.

Result: There was a significant effect of modifying shoe lacing patterns on FFI scores. (p=<0.001) There was

also a significant effect on FPS (p <0.001) and FDS (p <0.001) subscales whereas there was no significant

effect on ALS subscale (p >0.05). A significant decrease in pain was also noted. (p <0.05)

Conclusion On the basis of the results of the study, it was concluded that there was a significant effect of

modifying shoe lacing patterns on amateur runners.
Bipolar Disorder: A Major Setback in Substance Abuse
Authors: Jeetendra Kumar Gupta
Published: January 2021

Substance abuse refers to harmful or precarious use of psychoactive substances, including alcohol, cannabis

and illicit drugs. It is directly and indirectly responsible for millions of morbidities each year. It is a

crucial snag of present generation. Illegitimate use of psychoactive drugs can lead to lunatic illnesses. The

prevalence of psychotic disorders among patients with substance abuse has attended noticeable magnitude.

This study indicates that bipolar disorder is more likely to occur in patients with substance abuse. Chronic

substance abuse can lead to down-regulation of concerned receptors as well as erosion of gray matter in the

prefrontal cortex of brain. Hence, it would be imperative to address bipolar disorder from the perspective of

potential and progressive adverse effect of substance abuse. The observation of study indicates that bipolar

disorder is more prevalent in cannabis, alcohol and cocaine abuse cases. Drug abuse disorders are associated

with impaired outcome of manic depression maladies that brings severe high or low moods, thinking and

behavior.
Assessment of Patient’s Knowledge Regarding Hemodialysis Therapy at Imam Hussein Medical City in Holly Karbala Governorate
Authors: Hussam Abbas Dawood
Published: January 2021

Background: Descriptive and analytical study in which evaluation approach applied in order to achieve

the objectives of the study mentioned at the beginning of the search. The study began in 2 April 2016 to

21 June 2017,The research was conducted in order to identify hemodialysis patients knowledge regarding

hemodialysis therapy at Imam Hussein medical city in holly Karbala Governorate

Objectives: to assess hemodialysis patients knowledge about hemodialysis therapy, To find out the

relationship between hemodialysis knowledge and some variables such as: age, gender, level of education.

Methods: This Descriptive and analytical study was conducted at Imam Hussein medical city in the province

of Karbala, Iraq, from 1 October 2017 to 1 April 2018, use to to identify hemodialysis patients knowledge

regarding hemodialysis therapy. SPSS 21 was used for statistical analysis.

Results: shown on Results of the study that Highest percent of the study samples was samples age (50 or

more) years old, According to the gender, the study sample were male and female, equal percent and number

was (50-50%), Most of the study sample low educational levels, Most of them had married, Finally the

general knowledge level of Imam Hussein medical city regarding hemodialysis therapy is High.

Conclusion: Highest percent of the study samples was samples age (50 or more) years old, According to

the gender, the study sample were male and female, equal percent and number was (50-50%), Finally the

general knowledge level of Imam Hussein medical city regarding hemodialysis therapy is High.
Study of Immunological Parameters, Hematologic Outcomes And Epidemiology Features of Renal Dysfunction Frequently in Karbala Province, Iraq
Authors: Alyaa Aziz Gubiar Al-Nasrallah
Published: January 2021

Renal failure or dysfunction: A disease occurs by a severe weakness in one kidney or both, they lose ability

to do their functions effectively, resulting in the body’s inability to remove waste and fluids, Leading to a

significant changes in chemistry of blood and body fluid.

The study occurred in Karbala province where study samples were collected, which included (124). Samples

divided in (64) patients and (60) control, patients had another division according to sex (44) male and (20)

female. Immunologic parameters include (kidney injury molecules (KIM-1), pro-inflammatory TNF-?, IgG

antibodies) Elabscience Kit, concentration in serum was massacred by (ELISA) Technique and hematologic

test measured automatically by (Humlate plus-1 Device).

The results showed increase in kidney injury in age groups beyond the age of 40 years. A significantly higher

incidence of disease among males more than females. Results show significant statically variations in serum

levels:

1- kidney injury molecules (KIM-1) levels was increased in serum in patients significantly compare with

control.

2- (TNF-?) levels was increased in patients than control.

3- IgG levels decreased in patients than control.

Another routine tests occurs to patients to know the effects of disease on blood variations, the test was

included CBC count the results show CBC tests: (WBC, MHC, MCHC, RDWS, RDWC, PLT, PCT, PDWS,

PDWC, P-LCC and P-LCR) have no significant differentials while CBC tests: (LYM., MON., GRA., RBC.,

HGB., HCT., MCV, MPV) which decrease in patient compare with control significantly.

Increase kidney injury and inflammatory in serum patients with disease, by measured some parameters levels

in sera as indicators for disease progression and decrease in some antibodies such as IgG concentration of in

sera, as well as the hematologic tests referrer to disease may associated with anemia.
The Effect of Soot Particulate towards MAPK Expression in the Mechanism of Cardiovascular System Disruption
Authors: Dodit Yutanto
Published: January 2021

Background: Air pollution is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. An oxidative stress arising from particulate matter has been shown to activate a number of redox responsive signaling pathways in target cells. This pathway is involved in gene expression that plays a role in the response to inflammation and pathological changes including the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK).Objective: To describe the effect of soot particulate exposure towards MAPK expression in the mechanism of cardiovascular disruption.Design: This research was an experimental research by using “post test only control group design” approach.Subjects: The experiment was conducted in laboratory female rats (Rattus novergicus) and consisted of 3 groups:Methods: Control group -exposed by soot particulate with the concentration of 532 mg/m3 an hour each day for 30 days, without soot particulate exposure- (n=10); Treatment 1 group (n=2); Treatment 2 group -exposed by soot particulate with the concentration of 1064 mg/m3 an hour each day for 30 days- (n=12).Results: The soot particulate significantly induced an increase in MAPK expression in the treatment 1 group (the number of immunoreactive cells: 51 (31-216) vs 2 (0-50), p=0.001; immunoreactive score (IRS) index: 2 (1-4) vs 1 (0-2), p=0.048) and in treatment 2 group (the number of immunoreactive cells: 73 (17-203) vs 2 (0-50), p=0.000; IRS: 2 (1-4) vs 1 (0-2), p=0.01) compared to control group. There was a significant increase in MAPK expression which was measured from the total number of immunoreactive cells in Treatment 1 (p=0.001) and Treatment 2 group (p=0.000) compared to Control group.Conclusion: The Exposure to soot particulates significantly increased MAPK expression in experimental rats.
Degree of Disease Acceptance and Health Seeking Behaviors for Type 2 Diabetic Patients at Diabetic Center in Hilla City
Authors: Mohammed Malih Radhi
Published: January 2021

Diabetes is a disease that is expressed in life style diseases such as high blood pressure. Many of thesediseases are the result of the behavior of the wrong.Objectives: The study aims at identify the degree of disease acceptance patients and their health seekingbehaviors; and determine the relationship between degree of acceptance and health seeking among patients.Methodology: A descriptive study has been conducted by “purposive sample” accounts of 150 patients whoreview the diabetic center in Hilla City. Through the use of the questionnaire and interview techniques thedata were collected and analyzed disruptively and inferentially.Results: Findings depicts that most of the study sample aged (30-39) years old, (56.7%) male, (45.3%)married, (40%) unemployed, and (52%) notable read and write. The majority of (48% and 44.7%) werenever have accepted their disease and seek towards health respectively. There were a significant relationshipbetween the degree of disease acceptance and seeking of health behavior at p-value <0.05.Conclusion: Patients who diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and who review the diabetic center were neveraccepted their disease and never seek health. The accepted of disease were affected the seek towards health.Study that can be supported by a qualitative work using the clinical methodology with its tools and methodssuch as case study, clinical interview and psychological tests to achieve satisfactory acceptance and highself-control..
Mapping the local dielectric constant of a biological nanostructured system
Authors: Valeriano Wescley Walison , Andrade Rodrigo Ribeiro , Vasco Juan Pablo , Malachias Angelo , Neves Bernardo Ruegger Almeida , Guimarães Paulo Sergio Soares , Rodrigues Wagner Nunes
Published: January 2021

The aim of this work is to determine the varying dielectric constant of a biological nanostructured system via electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) and to show how this method is useful to study natural photonic crystals. We mapped the dielectric constant of the cross section of the posterior wing of the damselflyChalcopteryx rutilanswith nanometric resolution. We obtained structural information on its constitutive nanolayers and the absolute values of their dielectric constant. By relating the measured profile of the static dielectric constant to the profile of the refractive index in the visible range, combined with optical reflectance measurements and simulation, we were able to describe the origin of the strongly iridescent wing colors of this Amazonian rainforest damselfly. The method we demonstrate here should be useful for the study of other biological nanostructured systems.
19F NMR as a tool in chemical biology
Authors: Gimenez Diana , Phelan Aoife , Murphy Cormac D , Cobb Steven L
Published: January 2021

We previously reviewed the use of 19F NMR in the broad field of chemical biology [Cobb, S. L.; Murphy, C. D. J. Fluorine Chem. 2009, 130, 132–140] and present here a summary of the literature from the last decade that has the technique as the central method of analysis. The topics covered include the synthesis of new fluorinated probes and their incorporation into macromolecules, the application of 19F NMR to monitor protein–protein interactions, protein–ligand interactions, physiologically relevant ions and in the structural analysis of proteins and nucleic acids. The continued relevance of the technique to investigate biosynthesis and biodegradation of fluorinated organic compounds is also described.
Design of the designershoes with the use of innovative technologies
Authors:   Innovative University of Eurasia, Mazina J. , Shokorova L. ,   Altai state Institute of culture, Chechevatkin I.
Published: January 2021

The article discusses methods for creating smart things, using the example of the use of innovative technologies in the field of materials for clothing and footwear. The factors of form formation are substantiated by the example of the preferences of an individual customer who forms its image through accessories and shoes. The author considers the factors of shaping, based on the special functional features of shoes in connection with ergonomic factors. The designer is able to foresee the factor of transformability in modern footwear, changes in functional qualities, appearance, and design features of new footwear. As a result, on the basis of these transformations, to get a new emotional image and a new form. The shape of the shoe becomes a factor for transformations at the request of the customer. The article discusses the functional tasks of this shoe, plastic characteristics, technical and design tasks. As research methods, the article proposes variants of experimental models with possible stages of transformation, presents preliminary technical data, conducts a comparative analysis with innovative footwear samples of famous world designers, and makes assumptions about the development of this model in the future. An experimental method was used during the study. A shoe shape was developed, which took into account the preferences of the age group of 12-16 years old, relying on this category of consumers, we were able to go beyond the rational understanding of shoes as a functional form and gave it the meaning of a fantastic image, which allowed us to consider the form in the semantic and artistic context dictated by this age group of consumers. In addition, investing in this model the concept of "smart shoes", we considered not only the ability of modification and transformation by rearranging replaceable parts, the possibility of designing and reincarnating from one form to another, combining the constituent elements of the shoe into one whole, but also the development of the creative potential of the consumer, who at its own discretion can rebuild the structure and, in fact, as a designer itself, form a new model. The article makes assumptions about its further development in various fields of activity. For example, medicine, sports, art, etc. Considering the introduction of new materials, we relied on discoveries in the field of nanotechnology and considered among the possible features of this model the change in color on the basis, the reaction of materials to light, temperature, etc. The project is aimed at creating such shoes that will be developed for a wide range of consumers thanks to the wide range of possibilities contained in the design of the form and the features of modern materials.
Morphofunctional characteristic of endocrine part of pancreas under affecting of γ-HCH
Authors:   Innovative University of Eurasia, Tusupbekova G. , Meiramov G. ,   The Karaganda University named after academician E.A.Buketov
Published: January 2021

In the last decades of the twentieth century, in the national economy of many countries, organochlorine pesticides were most widely used, characterized by stability in the external environment, the ability to cumulate in various tissues of organisms. Lindane (the gamma isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane) is listed as a restricted persistent organic pollutant and is an ecotoxic substance with severe and chronic effects on the human body. The study of the effect of lindane on carbohydrate metabolism at the present stage is still insufficient. This fact led to the study of the effect of γ-HCH on the insulinogenic function of the pancreas in in vivo and in vitro experiments. In experiments in vivo, the animals of the experimental groups were once orally administered γ-HCH at a dose equal to 1/5 DL50. Isolated pancreatic islets, precipitated in vitro and fixed on mica plates, were exposed to γ-HCH in amounts equivalent to 1/5 to 1/4 DL50. Paraffin sections of pancreatic tissue from experimental and control animals were stained with aldehyde fuchsin according to Gomori, and tissue preparations were also examined by a highly specific method for detecting insulin in β-cells using diethylpseudoisocyanin staining, followed by examination of the preparations in the ultraviolet light of a luminescent microscope. The samemethods were used to study preparations of isolated pancreatic islet tissue on the 4th day of cultivation. The influence of orally administered γ-HCH on the level of immunoreactive insulin in the blood of experimental animals was also studied. The insulin level was determined by the enzymatic-immunological method. The concentration of IRI was established before the start of the experiment and 4-4.5 hours after acute inoculation. Results and their significance. In the study of stained preparations of the pancreas of experimental animals, numerous islets of ordinary sizes were revealed, the cytoplasm of which was filled with aldehyde-fuccin granularity in quantities indistinguishable from those observed by microscopy of preparations of control animals. The value of the fluorescence coefficient in the histofluorimetric study of the control and experimental preparations did not differ significantly. However, the content of IRI in the blood serum showed a distinct decrease in the first hours after priming. In experiments in vitro, when studying the effect of γ-HCH on cultured tissue, introduced into the nutrient medium on the second day, in the field of view of the microscope, single, small pancreatic islets were revealed. Their number on a constant area of the plates was significantly lower than the value of the same indicator in the study of control preparations. Thus it has been shown that γ-HCH does not affect the histostructure of the endocrine pancreas, but causes a significant decrease in IRI in the blood serum, as well as a change in the histochemical characteristics of cultured β-cells.
Ethnolinguistic significance of comparing human character with nature in Kazakh and English
Authors:   Academician E.A. Buketov Karaganda University, Eskazinova Zh. , Smagulova G. ,   Academician E.A. Buketov Karaganda University
Published: January 2021

Main problem: It is well known that the development of language in society, the development of speech, the formation of personality largely depends on the interaction of people. Therefore, they develop depending on the specifics of each nation and are one of the values that people have accumulated over the centuries. Comparison of human behavior with nature in English and Kazakh languages describes the spiritual life of each nation. It defines the national feelings, national behavior, national customs and traditions. Purpose: Comparative analysis of the values of the Kazakh and English peoples occupies a special place in the culture and language, the essence and content of which are indelible. This is a fount of cultural and historical life of the people, the spiritual value of the nation, such qualities as prudence and kindness. Methods: This article describes the ethnolinguistic foundations for comparing human character and nature in English and Kazakh. In cultural linguistics and cognitive linguistics, the concept of behavior is studied as an image of the world formed in the consciousness of an ethnic group. Based on the definition of the concept of behavior, the authors describe the manifestations of behavior in the national consciousness, the system of national thinking, beliefs, attitudes. It is noted that the formation of the behavior of unrelated Kazakhs and Englishmen depends on their geographic environment, nomadic lifestyle and behavior. Results and their significance: The phraseological units of the two languages used in this study clearly to show the characteristics of each nation. It is shown that forecasting natural phenomena for both peoples is closely related to their life, economy, occupation and plays an important role in people's lives.
The role of leadership potential in the formation of the company's talent pool
Authors:   Innovative University of Eurasia, Smagulova Z.
Published: January 2021

In modern conditions, many companies highlight such a problematic aspect in the management of the talent pool as the formation of leadership potential among employees, which undoubtedly affects the achievement of strategic goals and the efficiency of the enterprise as a whole. In modern economic conditions, the role of a leader in implementing the company's development strategy is very important. The important competencies of a leader today include responsibility, the ability to be responsible for one's obligations, initiative and creativity, a proactive approach to life, sociability and purposefulness. When a leader is a leader, he or she is assessed according to such criteria as personal qualities, values, personal effectiveness, creative thinking, and professional skills. These core competencies need to be developed internally. Moreover, if a company is determined to nurture its leaders, it must clearly build a policy of forming a personnel reserve, a pool of future leaders. This is a key aspect in the activities of leading companies. Purpose is defining the role of leadership potential to create a strong corporate culture and form effective teamwork. The formation of a talent pool is associated with the presence of a strong leader, and with the fact that the company's management maintains established traditions, and shows constant concern for customers, employees and other business participants. The corporate culture must correspond to the development strategy, and the success of the strategy implementation depends on how effective the manager will be, leading the strategy implementation, what are his leadership qualities. It is important to show how high and important is the role of the leader, his or her active participation in the formation of the personnel reserve. The method of analogies and such management approaches as personal, behavioral, process and situational were used in the work. Understanding and supporting the work to build a strong talent pool can help businesses become more resilient in the marketplace, improve production and management performance, and see themselves in the long term.
Three-dimensional Structure and Dust Extinction in the Small Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Yanchulova Merica-Jones Petia , Sandstrom Karin M. , Johnson L. Clifton , Dolphin Andrew E. , Dalcanton Julianne J. , Gordon Karl , Roman-Duval Julia , Weisz Daniel R. , Williams Benjamin F.
Published: January 2021

We examine the three-dimensional structure and dust extinction properties in a ∼200 pc × 100 pc region in the southwest bar of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). We model a deep Hubble Space Telescope optical color–magnitude diagram (CMD) of red clump and red giant branch stars in order to infer the dust extinction and galactic structure. We model the distance distribution of the stellar component with a Gaussian and find a centroid distance of 65.2 kpc (distance modulus μ = 19.07 mag) with an FWHM  ≈ 11.3 kpc. This large extent along the line of sight reproduces results from previous studies using variable stars and red clump stars. Additionally, we find an offset between the stellar and dust distributions, with the dust on the near side relative to the stars by 3.22

kpc, resulting in a 73% reddened fraction of stars. Modeling the dust layer with a log-normal A

V
distribution indicates a mean extinction 〈A

V
〉 = 0.41 ± 0.09 mag. We also calculate A

V
/N

H
 =  3.2–4.2 × 10−23 mag cm2 H−1, which is significantly lower than the Milky Way value but is comparable to previous SMC dust-to-gas ratio measurements. Our results yield the first joint dust extinction and 3D geometry properties in a key region in the SMC. This study demonstrates that CMD modeling can be a powerful tool to simultaneously constrain dust extinction and geometry properties in nearby galaxies.
Scintillation Arcs in Pulsar B0450–18
Authors: Rickett Barney J. , Stinebring Dan R. , Zhu Hengrui , Minter Anthony H.
Published: January 2021

We report on Green Bank Telescope observations of interstellar scintillation from the pulsar B0450−18 at 340 and 825 MHz, revealing prominent arcs in the secondary spectra at both frequencies. The arcs are successfully modeled by one-dimensional angular brightness distributions, estimated by two independent techniques. The distributions do not follow the expected shape for a Kolmogorov plasma density spectrum, and their overall angular widths follow a scaling law, versus frequency, that is slightly slower than the inverse square law expected from plasma dispersion. They also exhibit discrete peaks that are the cause of the occasional reverse sub-arcs. Over a narrow (5%) frequency range these peaks do not participate in the overall spreading, having angular positions that are fixed on the sky. However, the peaks do evolve over a wider range of frequencies and cannot be traced from 825 to 340 MHz. Our conclusions add further evidence for a widespread distribution of highly localized regions of interstellar plasma with small-scale structure that is either elongated or flattened.
The First Mid-infrared Detection of HNC in the Interstellar Medium: Probing the Extreme Environment toward the Orion Hot Core
Authors: Nickerson Sarah , Rangwala Naseem , Colgan Sean W. J. , DeWitt Curtis , Huang Xinchuan , Acharyya Kinsuk , Drozdovskaya Maria , Fortenberry Ryan C. , Herbst Eric , Lee Timothy J.
Published: January 2021

We present the first mid-infrared (MIR) detections of HNC and

in the interstellar medium, and numerous resolved HCN rovibrational transitions. Our observations span 12.8–22.9 μm toward the hot core Orion IRc2, obtained with the Echelon-Cross-Echelle Spectrograph aboard the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA). In particular, ∼5 km s−1 resolution distinguishes individual rovibrational transitions of the HNC and HCN P, Q, and R branches; and the

R branch. This allows direct measurement of the species’ excitation temperatures, column densities, and relative abundances. HNC and

exhibit a local standard of rest velocity of −7 km s−1 that may be associated with an outflow from nearby radio source I and an excitation temperature of about 100 K. We resolve two velocity components for HCN, the primary component also being at −7 km s−1 with a temperature of 165 K. The hottest component, which had never before been observed, is at 1 km s−1 with a temperature of 309 K. This is the closest component to the hot core’s center measured to date. The derived

is below expectation for Orion’s Galactocentric distance, but the derived HCN/HNC = 72 ± 7 is expected for this extreme environment. Compared to previous sub-millimeter and millimeter observations, our SOFIA line survey of this region shows that the resolved MIR molecular transitions are probing a distinct physical component and isolating the chemistry closest to the hot core.
The Early Discovery of SN 2017ahn: Signatures of Persistent Interaction in a Fast-declining Type II Supernova
Authors: Tartaglia L. , Sand D. J. , Groh J. H. , Valenti S. , Wyatt S. D. , Bostroem K. A. , Brown P. J. , Yang S. , Burke J. , Chen T.-W. , Davis S. , Förster F. , Galbany L. , Haislip J. , Hiramatsu D. , Hosseinzadeh G. , Howell D. A. , Hsiao E. Y. , Jha S. W. , Kouprianov V. , Kuncarayakti H. , Lyman J. D. , McCully C. , Phillips M. M. , Rau A. , Reichart D. E. , Shahbandeh M. , Strader J.
Published: January 2021

We present high-cadence, comprehensive data on the nearby (D ≃ 33 Mpc) Type II supernova (SN II) 2017ahn, discovered within about one day of the explosion, from the very early phases after explosion to the nebular phase. The observables of SN 2017ahn show a significant evolution over the ≃470 days of our follow-up campaign, first showing prominent, narrow Balmer lines and other high-ionization features purely in emission (i.e., flash spectroscopy features), which progressively fade and lead to a spectroscopic evolution similar to that of more canonical SNe II. Over the same period, the decline of the light curves in all bands is fast, resembling the photometric evolution of linearly declining H-rich core-collapse SNe. The modeling of the light curves and early flash spectra suggests that a complex circumstellar medium surrounds the progenitor star at the time of explosion, with a first dense shell produced during the very late stages of its evolution that is swept up by the rapidly expanding ejecta within the first ∼6 days of the SN evolution, while signatures of interaction are observed also at later phases. Hydrodynamical models support the scenario in which linearly declining SNe II are predicted to arise from massive yellow super- or hypergiants depleted of most of their hydrogen layers.
Classification of High-resolution Solar Hα Spectra Using t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding
Authors: Verma Meetu , Matijevič Gal , Denker Carsten , Diercke Andrea , Dineva Ekaterina , Balthasar Horst , Kamlah Robert , Kontogiannis Ioannis , Kuckein Christoph , Pal Partha S.
Published: January 2021

The Hα spectral line is a well-studied absorption line revealing properties of the highly structured and dynamic solar chromosphere. Typical features with distinct spectral signatures in Hα include filaments and prominences, bright active-region plages, superpenumbrae around sunspots, surges, flares, Ellerman bombs, filigree, and mottles and rosettes, among others. This study is based on high-spectral resolution Hα spectra obtained with the Echelle spectrograph of the Vacuum Tower Telescope (VTT) located at Observatorio del Teide, Tenerife, Spain. The t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) is a machine-learning algorithm, which is used for nonlinear dimensionality reduction. In this application, it projects Hα spectra onto a two-dimensional map, where it becomes possible to classify the spectra according to results of cloud model (CM) inversions. The CM parameters optical depth, Doppler width, line-of-sight velocity, and source function describe properties of the cloud material. Initial results of t-SNE indicate its strong discriminatory power to separate quiet-Sun and plage profiles from those that are suitable for CM inversions. In addition, a detailed study of various t-SNE parameters is conducted, the impact of seeing conditions on the classification is assessed, results for various types of input data are compared, and the identified clusters are linked to chromospheric features. Although t-SNE proves to be efficient in clustering high-dimensional data, human inference is required at each step to interpret the results. This exploratory study provides a framework and ideas on how to tailor a classification scheme toward specific spectral data and science questions.
Unveiling the Architecture of a Pulsar–Binary Black Hole Triple System with Pulsar Arrival Time Analysis
Authors: Hayashi (林 利憲) Toshinori , Suto (須藤 靖) Yasushi
Published: January 2021

A large number of binary black holes (BBHs) with longer orbital periods are supposed to exist as progenitors of BBH mergers recently discovered with gravitational wave (GW) detectors. In our previous papers, we proposed to search for such BBHs in triple systems through the radial velocity modulation of the tertiary orbiting star. If the tertiary is a pulsar, high-precision and high-cadence observations of its arrival time enable an unambiguous characterization of the pulsar–BBH triples located at several kiloparsecs, which are inaccessible with the radial velocity of stars. The present paper shows that such inner BBHs can be identified through the short-term Rømer delay modulation, on the order of 10 ms for our fiducial case, a triple consisting of a 20 M
⊙ BBH and 1.4 M
⊙ pulsar with P
in = 10 days and P
out = 100 days. If the relativistic time delays are measured as well, one can determine basically all the orbital parameters of the triple. For instance, this method is applicable to inner BBHs of down to ∼1 hr orbital periods if the orbital period of the tertiary pulsar is around several days. Inner BBHs with ≲1 hr orbital period emit the GW detectable by future space-based GW missions, including LISA, DECIGO, and BBO, and very short inner BBHs with subsecond orbital period can be even probed by the existing ground-based GW detectors. Therefore, our proposed methodology provides a complementary technique to search for inner BBHs in triples, if they exist at all, in the near future.
Difference in Chemical Composition between the Bright and Faint Red Clump Stars in the Milky Way Bulge
Authors: Lim Dongwook , Lee Young-Wook , Koch Andreas , Hong Seungsoo , Johnson Christian I. , Kim Jaeyeon , Chung Chul , Mateo Mario , Bailey John I.
Published: January 2021

The double red clump (RC) observed in color–magnitude diagrams of the Milky Way bulge is at the heart of the current debate on the structure and formation origin of the bulge. This feature can be explained by the difference between the two RCs either in distance (“X-shaped scenario”) or in chemical composition (“multiple-population scenario”). Here we report our high-resolution spectroscopy for the RC and red giant branch stars in a high-latitude field (b ∼ −8.5°) of the bulge. We find a difference in [Fe/H] between the stars in the bright and faint RC regimes, in the sense that the bright stars are enhanced in [Fe/H] with respect to the faint stars by 0.149 ± 0.036 dex. The stars on the bright RC are also enhanced in [Na/Fe] but appear to be depleted in [Al/Fe] and [O/Fe], although more observations are required to confirm the significance of these differences. Interestingly, these chemical patterns are similar to those observed among multiple stellar populations in the metal-rich bulge globular cluster Terzan 5. In addition, we find a number of Na-rich stars, which would corroborate the presence of multiple populations in the bulge. Our results support an origin of the double RC from dissolved globular clusters that harbor multiple stellar populations. Thus, our study suggests that a substantial fraction of the outer bulge stars would have originated from the assembly of such stellar systems in the early phase of the Milky Way formation.
Non-Boussinesq Low-Prandtl-number Convection with a Temperature-dependent Thermal Diffusivity
Authors: Pandey Ambrish , Schumacher Jörg , Sreenivasan Katepalli R.
Published: January 2021

In an attempt to understand the role of the strong radial dependence of thermal diffusivity on the properties of convection in Sun-like stars, we mimic that effect in non-Oberbeck–Boussinesq convection in a horizontally extended rectangular domain (aspect ratio 16) by allowing the thermal diffusivity κ to increase with the temperature (as in the case of stars). Direct numerical simulations (i.e., numerical solutions of the governing equations by resolving up to the smallest scales without requiring any modeling) show that, in comparison with Oberbeck–Boussinesq simulations (two of which we perform for comparison purposes), the symmetry of the temperature field about the mid-horizontal plane is broken, whereas the velocity and heat flux profiles remain essentially symmetric. Our choice of κ(T), which resembles the variation in stars, results in a temperature field that loses its fine structures toward the hotter part of the computational domain, but the characteristic large scale of the turbulent thermal “superstructures,” which are structures whose size is typically larger than the depth of the convection domain, continues to be largely independent of the depth.
Removing Astrophysics in 21 cm Maps with Neural Networks
Authors: Villanueva-Domingo Pablo , Villaescusa-Navarro Francisco
Published: January 2021

Measuring temperature fluctuations in the 21 cm signal from the epoch of reionization and the cosmic dawn is one of the most promising ways to study the universe at high redshifts. Unfortunately, the 21 cm signal is affected by both cosmology and astrophysics processes in a nontrivial manner. We run a suite of 1000 numerical simulations with different values of the main astrophysical parameters. From these simulations we produce tens of thousands of 21 cm maps at redshifts 10 ≤ z ≤ 20. We train a convolutional neural network to remove the effects of astrophysics from the 21 cm maps and output maps of the underlying matter field. We show that our model is able to generate 2D matter fields not only that resemble the true ones visually but whose statistical properties agree with the true ones within a few percent down to scales ≃2 Mpc−1. We demonstrate that our neural network retains astrophysical information that can be used to constrain the value of the astrophysical parameters. Finally, we use saliency maps to try to understand which features of the 21 cm maps the network is using in order to determine the value of the astrophysical parameters.
A Proper Discretization of Hydrodynamic Equations in Cylindrical Coordinates for Astrophysical Simulations
Authors: Hanawa Tomoyuki , Matsumoto Yosuke
Published: January 2021

Cylindrical coordinates are often used in computational fluid dynamics, particularly when one is considering gas flow accreting onto a central object. Although cylindrical coordinates have several advantages in describing rotation, they have apparent singularity along the axis at the coordinate origin (z-axis). This singularity introduces difficulties in numerical simulations. First, it is difficult to reproduce the flow across the z-axis. Second, the time step is extremely shortened by the CFL condition near the z-axis because the numerical cell thereof is narrow in the azimuthal direction for a given angular resolution. Here, we propose a new discretization scheme to overcome these difficulties. In our new scheme, we consider changes in the direction of the unit vector within a cell when evaluating the flux across each cell surface. Besides, we evaluate the source term in the radial component of the momentum equation from the thermal and dynamic pressures acting on the azimuthal cell surface. The new scheme is designed to be free-stream-preserving so that flow with uniform density, pressure, and velocity is an exact solution of the discretized equation. These improvements are essential to using a lower angular resolution in the innermost area and thus to elongating each time step. Our examples demonstrate that the innermost circular region around the axis can be resolved by only six numerical cells. We present an application to an accreting compact star surrounded by a disk, in addition to Sod shock tube and rotating outflow tests.
A Multiwavelength Survey of Wolf–Rayet Nebulae in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Hung 洪宇 Clara Shang 函 , Ou 歐柏 Po-Sheng 昇 , Chu 朱有 You-Hua 花 , Gruendl Robert A. , Li 李傳 Chuan-Jui 睿
Published: January 2021

Surveys of Wolf–Rayet (WR) stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) have yielded a fairly complete catalog of 154 known stars. We have conducted a comprehensive, multiwavelength study of the interstellar/circumstellar environments of WR stars, using the Magellanic Cloud Emission Line Survey images in the Hα, [O iii], and [S ii] lines; Spitzer Space Telescope 8 and 24 μm images; Blanco 4 m Telescope Hα CCD images; and Australian Telescope Compact Array + Parkes Telescope H i data cube of the LMC. We have also examined whether the WR stars are in OB associations, classified the H ii environments of WR stars, and used this information to qualitatively assess the WR stars’ evolutionary stages. The 30 Dor giant H ii region has active star formation and hosts young massive clusters, thus we have made statistical analyses for 30 Dor and the rest of the LMC both separately and altogether. Due to the presence of massive young clusters, the WR population in 30 Dor is quite different from that from elsewhere in the LMC. We find small bubbles (<50 pc diameter) around ∼12% of WR stars in the LMC, most of which are WN stars and not in OB associations. The scarcity of small WR bubbles is discussed. Spectroscopic analyses of abundances are needed to determine whether the small WR bubbles contain interstellar medium or circumstellar medium. Implications of the statistics of interstellar environments and OB associations around WR stars are discussed. Multiwavelength images of each LMC WR star are presented.
Identification of a Local Sample of Gamma-Ray Bursts Consistent with a Magnetar Giant Flare Origin
Authors: Burns E. , Svinkin D. , Hurley K. , Wadiasingh Z. , Negro M. , Younes G. , Hamburg R. , Ridnaia A. , Cook D. , Cenko S. B. , Aloisi R. , Ashton G. , Baring M. , Briggs M. S. , Christensen N. , Frederiks D. , Goldstein A. , Hui C. M. , Kaplan D. L. , Kasliwal M. M. , Kocevski D. , Roberts O. J. , Savchenko V. , Tohuvavohu A. , Veres P. , Wilson-Hodge C. A.
Published: January 2021

Cosmological gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are known to arise from distinct progenitor channels: short GRBs mostly from neutron star mergers and long GRBs from a rare type of core-collapse supernova (CCSN) called collapsars. Highly magnetized neutron stars called magnetars also generate energetic, short-duration gamma-ray transients called magnetar giant flares (MGFs). Three have been observed from the Milky Way and its satellite galaxies, and they have long been suspected to constitute a third class of extragalactic GRBs. We report the unambiguous identification of a distinct population of four local (<5 Mpc) short GRBs, adding GRB 070222 to previously discussed events. While identified solely based on alignment with nearby star-forming galaxies, their rise time and isotropic energy release are independently inconsistent with the larger short GRB population at >99.9% confidence. These properties, the host galaxies, and nondetection in gravitational waves all point to an extragalactic MGF origin. Despite the small sample, the inferred volumetric rates for events above 4 × 1044 erg of

Gpc−3 yr−1 make MGFs the dominant gamma-ray transient detected from extragalactic sources. As previously suggested, these rates imply that some magnetars produce multiple MGFs, providing a source of repeating GRBs. The rates and host galaxies favor common CCSN as key progenitors of magnetars.
Three new species of Inosperma (Agaricales, Inocybaceae) from Tropical Africa
Authors: Aïgnon Hyppolite L. , Jabeen Sana , Naseer Arooj , Yorou Nourou S. , Ryberg Martin
Published: January 2021

Here, we describe three new species of Inosperma from Tropical Africa: Inosperma africanum, I. bulbomarginatum and I. flavobrunneum. Morphological and molecular data show that these species have not been described before, hence need to be described as new. The phylogenetic placements of these species were inferred, based on molecular evidence from sequences of 28S and RPB2. Additional analysis using ITS dataset shows interspecific variation between each species. Phylogenetic analyses resolve I. flavobrunneum in Old World Tropical clade 1 with weak support, I. bulbomarginatum is sister of Old World Tropical clade 1 and I. africanum is indicated as sister to the rest of Inosperma. Complete description and illustrations, including photographs and line drawings, are presented for each species. A new combination of Inocybe shawarensis into Inosperma is also proposed.