bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
27.1: 13.3‐inch CAAC‐IGZO‐FET OLED Display with Narrow Driver Area Using Highly Efficient Deep Blue Device
Authors: Suzuki Tsunenori , Isa Toshiyuki , Eguchi Shingo , Ogita Kaori , Kataishi Riho , Nonaka Yusuke , Nakashima Harue , Sasaki Toshiki , Seo Satoshi , Kawashima Susumu , Miyake Hiroyuki , Hirakata Yoshiharu , Yamazaki Shunpei , Nakada Masataka , Dobashi Masayoshi , Kurosaki Daisuke , Tsukamoto Yuto , Niboshi Manabu , Kawato Shinichi , Kikuchi Katsuhiro , Mitsui Seiichi
Published: July 2013

We succeeded in developing a deep blue fluorescent OLED exhibiting extremely high external quantum efficiency and a long lifetime by adopting an amine‐free material to the hole transporting layer. We have also developed a CAAC‐IGZO‐FET OLED display with a narrow driver area using this deep blue device.
28.1: Distinguished Student Paper: High Performance Fringe‐Field Switching with a Negative Dielectric Anisotropy Liquid Crystal
Authors: Chen Yuan , Luo Zhenyue , Peng Fenglin , Wu Shin‐Tson
Published: July 2013

Using our new negative Δε LC material in a fringing field switching (n‐FFS) cell, we demonstrated superior performances to conventional positive ΔεFFS (p‐FFS) LCD in transmittance, viewing angle, cell gap sensitivity, gamma curve, while keeping a comparable operation voltage and response time. Therefore, n‐FFS has potential to replace p‐FFS for next‐generation mobile displays.
31.3: A 10‐bit CMOS Digital‐to‐Analog Converter with Logarithmic Time Interpolation
Authors: Kim Mungyu , Chung Hoon‐Ju , Jang Young‐Chan
Published: July 2013

A 10‐bit logarithmic time interpolation digital‐to‐analog converter (DAC) which consists of a 7‐bit resistor string, a 7‐bit two‐step decoder, a 2‐bit logarithmic time interpolator, and a buffer amplifier is proposed for data‐driver integrated circuits of active‐matrix liquid crystal display systems. It occupies 57% of the area of the conventional 10‐bit resistor‐string DAC. The DNL and INL of the implemented 10‐bit DAC were +0.29/‐0.30 and +0.47/‐0.36 LSB, respectively, where 1 LSB is equal to about 4.5 mV.
31.4: A 3.4Gbps/lane Low Overhead Clock Embedded Intra‐panel Interface for High Resolution and Large‐Sized TFT‐LCDs
Authors: Oh Woon‐Taek , Kim Jin‐Ho , Chang Young‐Hwan , Kim Tea‐Jin , Lee Jae‐Youl , Nah Kyung‐Suc , Hwang Gyoo‐Cheol
Published: July 2013

This paper proposes a 3.4Gbps/lane intra‐panel interface with 11.1% of the protocol overhead for the raw data to be transmitted. The proposed intra‐panel interface uses a point‐to‐point interface architecture with embedded clock. To reduce the EMI radiation, the scrambling scheme was adopted. The protocol of the proposed intra‐panel interface provides a PLL based clock and data recovery (CDR) scheme for the receiver. Timing controller (TCON) and source driver (SD) are implemented using 45nm/1.1V and 0.18um/1.8V CMOS processes, respectively. The proposed interface is verified on a 55‐inch Full‐HD TFT‐LCD panel with 8bit RGB and 120‐Hz frame rates. The maximum data rate per lane was measured as up to 3.4Gbps/lane.
32.4: A Scalable, Collaborative, Interactive Light‐field Display System
Authors: Klug Michael , Burnett Thomas , Fancello Angelo , Heath Anthony , Gardner Keith , O'Connell Sean , Newswanger Craig
Published: July 2013

Light‐field displays provide a visual sense of presence by producing a full‐parallax three‐dimensional aerial and virtual image of portrayed subject matter that satisfies multiple depth cues and that can be engaged naturally and intuitively. This paper documents a comprehensive light‐field display system, including computation, photonics, and interaction system components, that is flexible and scalable, establishing a basis for application to both large‐scale collaborative and portable, mobile product architectures.
70.1L: Late‐News Paper: 10.2‐inch WUXGA Flexible AMOLED Display Driven by Amorphous Oxide TFTs on Plastic Substrate
Authors: Saito Nobuyoshi , Ueda Tomomasa , Miura Kentaro , Nakano Shintaro , Sakano Tatsunori , Maeda Yuya , Yamaguchi Hajime , Amemiya Isao
Published: July 2013

We have developed a 10.2‐inch WUXGA (1920×RGBW×1200) flexible AMOLED display driven by amorphous oxide TFT backplane on a transparent polyimide film. A bottom‐emission white OLED with RGBW color filters was adopted. Integrated gate driver circuits were successfully operated.
35.4: Programmable Pulse Width LTPS TFT Shift Register for High Resolution and High Frame Rate Active Matrix Flat Panel Displays
Authors: Song Eunji , Nam Hyoungsik
Published: July 2013

This paper proposes a programmable pulse width LTPS TFT shift register where an output pulse width is programmed only by adjusting a start pulse width without any additional clock signals and reconfiguration. Since an overlap interval of the output pulses is easily controlled in the shift register which operates with precharging scheme, the proposed shift register can be applied to high resolution and high frame rate display without the problem of insufficient line time. The performance of this circuit is verified by SMART SPICE at low‐temperature poly silicon (LTPS) thin film transistor (TFT) process. The pulse width is changed by the step size of two line time with only two input clock signals which leads to small area for circuit implementation and simulated power consumption is similar to that of the conventional shift register.
34.1: Invited Paper: Molecular Triplet Emitters — From Design to Assembly and Functions
Authors: Yam V.W.W.
Published: July 2013

A number of metal complexes containing heavy metal centres have been synthesized and shown to display rich photoluminescence behaviour. Different approaches and assembly motifs have been employed to tune the luminescence characteristics. Through rational design and various strategies, these molecular materials may find potential applications and functions as efficient triplet light‐emitting materials.
40.1: Invited Paper: Augmented Reality Head Up Display for Car Navigation System
Authors: Utsuboya Osami , Shimizu Takashi , Kurosawa Atsushi
Published: July 2013

The worlds‐first vehicle Head‐Up Display that creates augmented reality beyond the windshield has come. It has achieved a high contrast and wider view (17.1 × 5.7 degrees) by using a laser projector to draw an intermediate image on the micro lens array and reflecting the image to the concaved combiner.
40.3: High Efficiency Dual Mode Head Up Display System for Vehicle Application
Authors: Shao I‐Hsuan , Yang Wen‐Wei , Chen Cheng‐Huan , Luo Kuang‐Tso
Published: July 2013

HUD image distance from the windshield is an issue subject to investigation. A 7 inches and a 4.5 inches high efficiency HUD unit developed individually for different application scenario have been combined together with different light path length to the windshield, so that the virtual images from these two units float at different distance in front of the windshield. The driver can choose either mode depending on personal convenience or the driving condition.
41.4: Subjective Image Quality of Viewing Angle beyond Color Difference Metric in FPD
Authors: Wen Chao‐Hua , Lin Yan‐Yu , Huang Pin‐Chou , Hsu Ting‐Wei , Chen Hsin‐Hong , Chang Kai‐Chieh
Published: July 2013

This paper proposed a revision metric based on perceptual attributes to measure viewing angles quality. Results revealed that overall image quality went beyond color difference. The fit parameters in regression analysis indicated that the weight was reasonable for hue difference, moderate for chroma difference and low for lightness difference.
43.1: Invited Paper: Demonstrating Ideal Injection Efficiency & Enabling Cost Effective Manufacturing with Solution Processed Hole Injection Layers
Authors: Mathai Mathew , Seshadri Venkataramanan , Chopra Neetu , Scott Eli , Brown Christopher , Woodworth Brian , Muehlbauer John , Zhang Hongmei , Benson‐Smith Jessica , Wang Jian , Li Sergey , Gowrisanker Srinivas , Goodman Caton , Krieg John
Published: July 2013

Latest developments in solution processed hole injection layer (HIL) technology that has enabled near‐ohmic injection into OLED stacks will be presented. Some of the advantages inherent to solution processing will be demonstrated including the planarization of low cost engineered OLED substrates.
43.4: Invited Paper: Non‐isotropic Emitter Orientation in Organic Light‐emitting Diodes
Authors: Schmidt Tobias D. , Scholz Bert J. , Mayr Christian , Brütting Wolfgang
Published: July 2013

Phosphorescent oriented emitters can significantly increase the efficiency of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Recent studies have shown that there exist non‐isotropically oriented emitting guest/host systems based on small molecules. We have developed a method for determining the emitter orientation and its influence for efficiency analysis of state‐of‐the‐art OLEDs.
44.2: Critical Effect of Polymer Bumps in PS‐VA LCD
Authors: Zhong Xinhui , Huang Hong Ji , Lee Kuan‐Cheng , Ma Xiaolong
Published: July 2013

An unexpected phenomenon named as critical effect of polymer bumps in PS‐VA LCD was found and studied. It shows that only if the bumps amount reaches sufficient high they can reduce the LCD optical rising time. It suggests a safe RM content value in LC mixtures when producing PS‐VA LCD.
46.3: Development of Source/Drain Electrodes for Amorphous Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide Thin Film Transistors
Authors: Chen Yuting , Wu Jie , Dong Chengyuan , Shi Junfei , Zhan Runze , Chiang Cheng‐Lung , Chen Po‐Lin , Lai Tzu‐Chieh
Published: July 2013

Tantalum etched by H2O2 solution shows best performance to be the source/drain electrodes of inverted staggered amorphous Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide thin film transistors among the investigated five metal materials. In addition, the etching property is improved significantly by adding aqueous ammonia properly.
48.1: Research on the Fringing Electric Field Effect of Liquid Crystal Phase Modulator for Digital Holography
Authors: Yan Jing , Li Qing , Xia Jun
Published: July 2013

The fringing electric field effect in a high resolution liquid crystal phase modulator is studied by simulation. A new method to evaluate the phase shift properties of the device is proposed. The influence from adjacent pixel, driving voltage and pre‐tilt angle is investigated. A high driving voltage and 0° pre‐tilt angle is useful to reduce the fringing electric field effect.
50.2: Adding Depth‐Sensing Capability to an OLED Display System Based on Coded Aperture Imaging
Authors: Suh Sungjoo , Choi Changkyu , Park Dusik , Kim Changyeong
Published: July 2013

In this paper, we propose a novel OLED display system by adding depth‐sensing capability to the display system. Coded apertures formed in OLED pixels with transmissive windows encode the radiation from a scene and the scene is reconstructed by an appropriate decoding pattern. Further, depth information is estimated from multiple coded images. In order to prove the feasibility of the proposed system, a 19” imaging system with transmissive windows within pixels was constructed and tested. Experimental results confirm that the proposed system can reconstruct the scene and accurately estimate the depth of an object in front of the display system.
51.3: Pulling Force Sensing Unit for 3D Image Movement
Authors: Chen Tsun‐Yi , Wang Yung‐Chen , Chen Rongshun , Lo Cheng‐Yao
Published: July 2013

This study reveals a solution for 3D image control with normal, shear, and pulling forces detection by mutual capacitive tactile sensor. High transmittance, good flexibility, and simple algorithm show superiorities than previous studies. The sensitivity is 0.33, 0.23, and 0.37 pF/N, and the sensing range is up to 1.4 N, 2.0 N, and 1 N respectively for normal, shear and pulling forces. The proposed sensor can be applied on the touch penal for 3D image movement.
52.1: Invited Paper: High Performance Metal‐Oxide TFT on Flexible Plastic Substrates
Authors: Shieh Chan‐Long , Wang Guangming , Musolf Juergen , Foong Fatt , Xiao Tian , Yu Gang
Published: July 2013

Active Matrix displays on light weight, non‐fragile, plastic substrates are of great interests for portable applications. One of the challenges has been device performance processed at low temperature: in both carrier mobility and operation stability. Another challenge has been a TFT process flow without rigorous alignment among patterns in different layers. In this presentation, we present a MOTFT processed at low temperature, on PEN or PET substrates, with mobility above 50 cm2/Vsec and with bias stability sufficient for portable display products. TFT performance over large substrate size are guaranteed by a proprietary self‐aligned process which enables large size display backpanel be made in roll‐to‐roll process with a flexible substrate.
52.3: Development of Back‐channel‐etched TFT Using C‐Axis Aligned Crystalline In‐Ga‐Zn‐Oxide
Authors: Koezuka Junichi , Okazaki Kenichi , Hirohashi Takuya , Takahashi Masahiro , Adachi Shunsuke , Tsubuku Masashi , Yamazaki Shunpei , Kanzaki Yohsuke , Matsukizono Hiroshi , Kaneko Seiji , Mori Shigeyasu , Matsuo Takuya
Published: July 2013

We have fabricated a back‐channel‐etched TFT using the CAAC‐IGZO film that we developed. As a factor of success in manufacturing stable back‐channel‐etched TFTs, it is considered that CAAC‐IGZO has a strong structure because of its crystallinity. For verification, we have compared the cohesive energy of c‐IGZO and that of a‐IGZO.
53.2: An Optimization Design Method of LED Freeform Lens for Uniform Circular Illumination
Authors: Liu Peng , Zheng Zhen‐rong , Li Hai‐feng , Liu Xu
Published: July 2013

An optimization method is proposed for designing an LED freeform lens which produces a uniform circular pattern with high energy efficiency. The results of design examples show that the irradiance distribution is well controlled with excellent uniformity and energy efficiency. This optimization method can be generalized to design freeform lenses with different lighting patterns or without rotational symmetry.
53.3: Properties of a Field Emission Lighting Device Employing High Crystallized Single‐Wall Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Shimoi Norihiro , Hojo Toshimasa , Adriana Ledezma Estrada , Garrido Sharon Marie , Tanaka Yasumitsu , Tohji Kazuyuki
Published: July 2013

We developed a new cathode for a visible ray flat plane‐emission device formed from a mixture of high crystallized single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) dispersed into an organic In2O3‐SnO2 solution. A thin film cathode was fabricated by a simple coating process of the mixture onto a substrate.

The turn‐on field of a diode using the cathode was 1.2 V/μm and the brightness homogeneity in that plane was within 5 %. The brightness fluctuation from the lighting device could be reduced to within 1 % by employing high crystallized SWNTs. Furthermore, brightness efficiency, which is an important factor in comparing luminance devices, achieved more than 50 lm / W.

This flat plane‐emission device has the potential to provide a new approach to lighting in our life style and it also contributes to energy‐saving through its low power consumption.
54.1: Achieving High Stereo‐Contrast‐Ratio in Polarization‐Based 3D Front Projection
Authors: Sharp Gary D. , Coleman Dave , Gilman Scott , Chen Jianmin
Published: July 2013

Achieving low cross‐talk in polarization‐based 3D cinema is challenging. Factors include screen characteristics, quality of encoding/decoding hardware (and their relationship), geometry, and the associated angle dependence of all elements of the system. We describe technologies and system level considerations that are essential to achieving high Stereo Contrast Ratio (SCR).
54.2: Invited Paper: High Efficiency Polarization Preserving Cinema Projection Screens
Authors: Coleman Dave , Sharp Gary
Published: July 2013

Conventional polarization preserving cinema projection screens suffer from a number of issues that limit their optical performance. We describe the microscopic structure of these screens and how the different aspects of this structure interact to produce the primary screen properties of gain, viewing angle, stereo contrast, and appearance. We then present an engineered polarization‐preserving projection screen that addresses the limitations associated with conventional silver screens. This screen achieves substantially increased efficiency (brightness), increased stereo contrast, arbitrarily large viewing angle, and matte appearance.
56.3: Performance Improvement of Compensation Circuit Using p‐Type SPC TFT for AMOLED Driving
Authors: Lee Jung‐Min , Kang Chang‐Heon , Hasumi Taro , Yoo Juhn‐Suk , Hong Soon‐Kwang , Kim Chang‐Dong , Ahn Byung‐Chul
Published: July 2013

A new AMOLED compensation pixel circuit is proposed to improve the short term image sticking problem due to the hysteresis characteristics of p‐Type ASPC TFTs. A 3.9‐inch AMOLED display was developed based on proposed compensation circuit. The experimental and SPICE simulation results show the high performance of the hysteresis compensation.
58.3: Reliability and Barrier Layer Dependency of Flexible 2D/3D Switchable LC Cell
Authors: Chiu Pin‐Hsiang , Chen Li‐Yin , Li Wen‐Yuan , Lin Shiuan‐Iou , Lin Yi‐Ying , Huang Tai‐Hsiang , Lu Jen‐kuei , Norio Sugiura
Published: July 2013

10.1 inch prototype flexible switchable liquid crystal (LC) cell was successfully obtained using sheet‐to‐sheet (S2S) with low temperature manufacturing process and also applied in autostereoscopic three‐dimensional (3D) display. Systematically change of plastic barrier layer substrates resulted in different reliability performance will be discussed in this paper.
60.2: Distinguished Paper:A 30 W Pure Blue Emission with NUV Laser‐Diode‐Pumped Phosphor for High‐Brightness Projectors
Authors: Morimoto Kiyoshi , Kasugai Hideki , Takizawa Toshiyuki , Yoshida Shinji , Yamanaka Kazuhiko , Katayama Takuma , Okuyama Kojirou , Shiraishi Seigo , Mizuyama Yosuke
Published: July 2013

A light engine with NUV laser‐diodes (LDs) pumped RGB phosphor for high‐brightness projectors is presented. We developed a high power NUV LDs module and blue phosphor material with high efficiency that demonstrated a 30 W pure blue emission. A projector prototype was also implemented and showed wider color space than sRGB.
62.3: Six‐terminal OLED Display Using Low‐Temperature Single‐Crystal Silicon (LTSS) Technology
Authors: Fujita Masashi , Miyake Hiroyuki , Toyotaka Kouhei , Watanabe Kazunori , Miyairi Noriko , Hamada Takashi , Yamazaki Shunpei , Mitani Masahiro , Suga Katsuyuki , Yamamoto Yoshitaka
Published: July 2013

We have prototyped a 3.0‐in. VGA OLED panel containing low‐temperature single‐crystal silicon (LTSS) TFTs on a glass substrate and having six terminals for connection to external circuitry. The good ON characteristics of LTSS TFTs allows the use of the serial video signal, reducing the number of signals from external circuitry.
63.2: A Study of Static Push Test to Define Tensile Failure Stress for Rectangle Glass
Authors: Chang Kuo‐Chou , Chiu Chun‐Yu , Liu Yu‐Chen
Published: July 2013

Static push test is practicable for measuring the tensile failure stress. The transformation from loading force to stress is described by revised stress equations. This transformation is also capable for rectangle glass.
67.4: Fast Transient Vth Compensation Circuit for AMOLED Displays with P‐type GOA Driving
Authors: Cheng Shih‐Song , Hung Sen‐Chuan , Liu Chun‐Yen , Liu Kuang‐Hsiang , Shih Li‐Wei , Lih Jiin‐Jou
Published: July 2013

A new approach has been developed to improve AMOLED's image quality. Fast Transient Compensation Mechanism (FTCM) provides a good ability on Vth compensation, based on sub‐pixel circuit structure consisting of 6 TFTs and 1 capacitor. Furthermore, the P‐type GOA in AMOLED panel is designed for pixel driving and enhances displaying quality at low gray scale.
68.4: Minimizing the Impact of Bonding Induced LCD Defects
Authors: Yeh Grace , Rudolph Michael L. , Chen Jacky Yen Chang
Published: July 2013

This paper describes pressure induced defects on LCD's due to the optical bonding process. It addresses approaches to identify the root cause, as well as process and optical bonding material attributes that have been employed to eliminate defects in commercial applications.
69.4: Invited Paper: Extending Battery Life of Ultrabook™ Through use of Panel Self Refresh Technology (PSR)
Authors: Shah Kamal , Kwa Seh , Hayek George
Published: July 2013

Longer battery life is a critically important end user experience for mobile devices such as Ultrabook™. Panel Self Refresh technology allows PSR enabled display to update the images itself thus allowing SoC and link components to be power managed. In addition, power optimized panel designs also help save power while in the PSR mode. This paper overviews mobile PC platform power profile, opportunity and potential for power savings, design considerations of Timing Controller and panel for power optimization and provides a glimpse at the future version of the PSR technology.
P.1: Distinguished Student Poster Paper: Submillisecond‐response Polymer Network Liquid Crystal Cylindrical Microlens Array for 3D Displays
Authors: Sun Jie , Xu Su , Ren Hongwen , Wu Shin‐Tson
Published: July 2013

We demonstrate a submillisecond‐response tunable‐focus cylindrical microlens array based on polymer network liquid crystal. The focal length can be tuned from 1.9 cm to 5 cm by increasing the voltage from 0 to 80V. This microlens array has potential applications in autostereoscopic 3D displays.
P.2: New Approach of Flexible E‐Paper with Single Particles
Authors: Jeong Seung Yong , Yang Si Yeol , Park Sung Young , Kim Daecheol , Lee Sung Koo , Lee Kyung Kyun , Shin Seung Han , Shin Gyojic , Choi Kyung Ho , Lee Sangkug
Published: July 2013

New flexible E‐paper display with only single kind of particles was developed by utilizing photolithographic and imprinting processes. Big advantage of this research is in the solving the problem of agglomeration between electrically different charged two particles in the same cell. As a result, the reliability of this display was much improved compared to a display with two particles. This display also showed excellent properties with low threshold and driving voltages.
P.22: Improving Switching Characteristics of Amorphous‐InGaZnO4 Thin‐Film Transistors by Dual‐Gate Driving
Authors: Mativenga Mallory , Geng Di , Um Jae Gwang , Seok Manju , Kang Dong Han , Jang Jin , Mruthyunjaya Ravi K. , Heiler Gregory N. , Tredwell Timothy J.
Published: July 2013

When the top‐gate and bottom‐gate of a dual‐gate amorphous‐InGaZnO4 (a‐IGZO) thin‐film transistor (TFT) are electrically tied together (dual‐gate driving), drain current (IDS) increases fivefold compared to single‐gate driving (i.e. when driving with either bottom‐gate or top‐gate), resulting in significant enhancement of the driving ability of TFTs for active‐matrix display (AMD) applications. The increase in IDS is attributed to better gate drive, achieved through the formation of two parallel channels; one at the top surface and the other at the bottom surface of the semiconductor.
P.25: The Effect of Environmental Illumination and Screen Brightness on Accommodation and Convergence
Authors: Okada Yuki , Kojima Takehito , Oohashi Takumi , Miyao Masaru
Published: July 2013

At present, a general belief is that viewing and 3‐D images causes eye fatigue and discomfort because of the inconsistency between accommodation and convergence. However, our previous research found that both accommodation and convergence follow the position of virtual 3D objects synchronously. This was especially true in the case of young subjects aged in their 20s.

In this study, we simultaneously measured variation of accommodation and convergence and their dependence on pupil diameter by changing the intensity of illumination as well as the brightness of the viewing screen.

As a result, in the strongly lit environment, both accommodation and convergence nearly focused on the position of vertical objects. In a weakly lit environment, accommodation tends to focus on a position slightly father than that of convergence which is explained by the variation of pupil diameter.
P.26: Constant vs. Non‐constant Luminance Video Signals for UHDTV
Authors: Choi Seo Young , Oh Kwan‐Jung , Park Du Sik , Nam Dong Kyung
Published: July 2013

The luminance and chrominance video‐signal format is beneficially applied for editing broadcasting programs in a studio and for delivering those from broadcasters to end users. Recently, a new ITU‐R recommendation has been published for UHDTV baseband image format. Two types of video signal were proposed: constant vs. non‐constant luminance video signals. This study introduces in depth analysis results for these two different signals in the aspect of crosstalk characteristics and the preservation of the original luminance information. And the compression‐efficiency evaluation results are also given.
P.28: Hue‐Blending Method: Improved Red‐Green Color Segregation Capability for Dichromacy Support
Authors: Hira Shyoko , Matsumoto Akiko , Kihara Ken , Ohtsuka Sakuichi , Iga Koichi
Published: July 2013

We propose a hue‐blending method with improved red‐green color segregation capability that supports dichromacy. Subjective test results suggest that the proposed method yields quite high red‐green color segregation performance. Furthermore, matches or exceeds the performance of previous methods as regards understanding color perception offered by trichromatic views.
P.30: Effect of the Correlated Color Temperature of Light on Overhead Glare in Offices
Authors: Zhang Jihuang , Tu Yan , Liu Lu , Wang Lili , Peng Sheng , Heynderickx Ingrid
Published: July 2013

We performed a subjective experiment measuring perceived overhead glare from a fluorescent luminaire with either a Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) of 4000K or 6300K. The group of 18 participants was equally divided over males and females, and almost equally over subjects wearing glasses and subjects without glasses. The results show that a light source with a higher CCT induces statistically significantly more overhead glare. In addition, differences in perceived overhead glare cannot be attributed to either gender or visual correction means.
P.134L: Late News Poster: Resolution Limits for Smartphones — Video Playback
Authors: Spencer Lee , Iacoponi Julian , Shah Sunay , Cairns Graham
Published: July 2013

This study aims to determine an upper discernible resolution limit for smartphone displays showing video. A range of resolutions varying from 150–600 PPI were evaluated by 43 subjects at 300mm equivalent distance. Results of the study conclusively show users can discriminate between 450 and 600 PPI video playback.
P.31: Image Compression for Color‐Sequential LCOS, with Decompression at the Retina
Authors: Russell Andrew I.
Published: July 2013

This paper, describes the single‐pulse, digital drive scheme used by Syndiant's color‐sequential L COS microdisplays. We present a form of image compression which reduces the amount of memory needed The compressed image data is displayed directly, without decompressing the image Decompression occurs at the retina of the viewer.
P.37: Novel Gray‐toneless Technology for Mask Reduction in High Aperture Rate FFS Mode
Authors: Choi Seungjin , Sun Shuang , Kim Kiyong , Niu Jing , Zhang Fangzhen , Kang Minsung , Jung Bongkwan , Song Youngjin , Hui Guanbao , Xue Jianshe
Published: July 2013

In this paper, we have successfully developed novel gray‐toneless technology for mask reduction in high aperture rate FFS mode. The key processes are the gray‐toneless technology and new PIC (pixel ITO plus channel) processes. These new technologies are able to protect channel area from pixel ITO processes and decrease defect rate of data line open due to having double layer structure. Also Panel quality was improved by reducing capacitance change between Pixel and Data line through PIC processes.
P.46: Enhanced Single Viewing Zone Integral Imaging Display Based on Medium Packing Technique
Authors: Luo Cheng‐Gao , Wang Qiong‐Hua
Published: July 2013

Generally, the performances of integral imaging (II) are mainly limited by the narrow viewing zone and image flipping between different viewing zones. In this paper, an enhanced single viewing zone integral imaging display is proposed. Experiments are carried out and good results finally verify the feasibility of the proposed method.
P.47: Integral Imaging Display Based on Space‐Multiplexed Elemental Image Array
Authors: Wang Ya‐Zhou , Deng Huan , Wang Qiong‐Hua
Published: July 2013

Viewing angle enhanced integral imaging display which consists of a double‐micro‐lens array and a display panel is proposed. The double‐micro‐lens array includes a convex‐micro‐lens array and a concave‐micro‐lens array. In the display, the space‐multiplexed elemental image (SMEI) array is an image of the real elemental image array through convex‐micro‐lens array. Compared with real elemental image, the pitch for each SMEI is magnified by the corresponding convex‐micro‐lens. As a result, each SMEI is overlapped with adjacent SMEIs. And the viewing angle is expanded. Some computer simulations based on ray‐tracing are implemented. The experimental results demonstrate the correctness of the proposed display.
P.49: Light‐Diffusing Films Using Two‐step UV Irradiation for Various Displays
Authors: Kusama Kentaro , Katagiri Baku , Orui Tomoo , Shoshi Satoru
Published: July 2013

We have developed novel light‐diffusing films by forming two kinds of refractive‐index distribution structures inside a film. The depth of the non‐structural region, which appears near the surface, was controlled by the first UV irradiance. Moreover, the louver or column structures could be formed to this region by the second irradiation. This novel film has both isotropic and anisotropic diffusion property and will contribute to realize the new low power display systems.
P.52: A Colorful Holographic Display System with Enlarged Viewing Zone Using Multiplex SLMs
Authors: Jia Jia , Wang Yongtian , Liu Juan
Published: July 2013

A full‐color holographic display system with enlarged viewing zone by rotational half mirror is presented where the CGHs are divided into several areas to extend the viewing angle based on multiple intensity images with depth map. It can produce the 3D image with correct depth cue, effect of light and shadow.
P.55: A Study of Optimal Viewing Distance in an AS3D Display
Authors: Hsu Wan‐Hsuan , Huang Kuo‐Chung , Chou Yi‐Heng , Lin Lang‐chin , Lin Hoang Yan , Chen Fu‐Hao , Liao Ching‐Chiu , Chen Yi‐Han , Lee Kuen
Published: July 2013

Optimal Viewing Distance (OVD) is a basic and important auto‐stereoscopic 3D (AS3D) display characteristic. A number of studies, especially in the 3D display design and metrology fields, have mentioned this item for a long time. Unfortunately, there have been few theoretical and empirical studies on OVD. In this paper, we study OVD based on designer's formula, and geometrical and ray tracing approaches are applied to the simulation and measured data. We find that the OVD no more exist in practical cases, and we suggest the thought OVD should be modified by designated eye position (DEP).
P.59: New Synthesis of Novel Phosphor for LED Technology: Synthesizing Sr3Y2(BO3)4:Eu2+ From Strontium Borate Precursors
Authors: Kilburn Troy B. , Way Zachary K. , Orme Patrick , Diaz Anthony L.
Published: July 2013

Doping Eu2+ is challenging in some materials because of the stability of Eu3+. An alternative method for doping divalent europium was explored in the phosphor Sr3B2O6:Eu. Sr3B2O6:Eu has been synthesized with a mixture of divalent and trivalent emission. Here, samples prepared by traditional‐methods are compared to samples prepared using a SrB4O7:Eu precursor.
P.63: Low Temperature Oxide TFTs on Plastic Films for Flexible Display Applications
Authors: Lin Wei‐Ting , Sun Shuo‐Yang , Huang Wan‐Chen , Li Hung‐Wei , Cheng Chun‐Cheng , Liu Chu‐Yu , Chiang Min‐Feng
Published: July 2013

A low temperature process flow of preparing amorphous InGaZnO (a‐IGZO) TFTs is presented. When a‐IGZO TFTs are used for flexible display, they suffer the process temperature limited due to the thermal stability of plastic films. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of most usable plastic films is under 250°C. In this work, the highest process temperature was decreased to 220°C, and a‐IGZO TFTs on plastic films showed excellent bias stress stability.
P.68: Reflective Interferometric Modulator Display with Temporal Color Modulation
Authors: Ji Zhong , Zhu Lei
Published: July 2013

E‐paper based on the interferometric principle is gaining popularity as a result of the success of Qualcomm's Mirasol technology. We report an interferometric modulator that realizes primary colors through analog modulation by actuating the movable mirrors in suspension with designated locations and orientation. Colors can be temporally modulated and stiction problems can be avoided.
P.150L: Late‐News Poster: A Thermoformable Liquid Crystal Display
Authors: Yang Ming‐Huan , Tsai Chen‐Chu , Chen Wei‐Ting , Chang Ruo‐Lan , Chin Chih‐Lung , Chen Janglin
Published: July 2013

A high aspect ratio and novel conformal display was realized and developed. The stretchable electrode and display media, deposited on an amorphous‐PET substrate were thermoformed to a specific shape by vacuum forming process. This novel conformal display has potential for smart skin, outer shell of products applications.
P.75: Temperature Dependence of Dielectric and Electro‐optical Properties of Polymer‐Stabilized Blue Phases
Authors: Lim Gihwan , Okumura Yasushi , Higuchi Hiroki , Kikuchi Hirotsugu
Published: July 2013

The relationship between dielectric and electro‐optical properties of polymer‐stabilized blue phases (PSBPs) with different polymer concentration was investigated at low temperature. Dynamics of LC molecular rotation and local reorientation of director in PSBPs are affected differently by polymer network. Through reflection spectra, we found that the ordered structure of PSBPs suddenly decreased at low temperature, and PSBPs with lower polymer ratio and longer chiral pitch maintained the ordered structure until lower temperature.
P.98: Novel Composite Photo‐alignment Layer for Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Display
Authors: Guo Qi , Srivastava Abhishek , Ma Ying , Pozhidaev Eugene , Chigrinov Vladimir , Kwok Hoi Sing
Published: July 2013

A novel composite photo‐alignment layer for ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) displays is explored. The key technique is to introduce a functional liquid crystal polymer into a rewritable azo‐dye material with proper mixing. Bearing good alignment quality derived from the azo‐dye, the composite layer provides strong anchoring energy comparable to that of rubbed polyimide layers. Furthermore, by using a two‐step exposure process, the composite layer shows much better stability than that with a pure azo‐dye material.
P.155L: Late‐News Poster: Surface Monolayer Stabilized Vertically Aligned Liquid Crystals for Display Applications
Authors: Oh Su Yeon , Kim Sun Soo , Kim Jin‐Wook , Lee Seung Hee , Lee Myong‐Hoon , Kang Shin‐Woong
Published: July 2013

The surface monolayer stabilized vertically aligned liquid crystal (VA‐LC) mode is presented for television applications. Photo‐reactive self‐assembled monolayer (PR‐SAM) is formed on inorganic oxide surfaces. The SAM layer on oxide surfaces initially induce a homeotropic alignment of nematic LCs. Subsequent polymerization of the photo‐reactive SAM under applied electric field efficiently stabilizes LC alignment and induces a stable pretilt of LC molecules for four different directions in each pixel of the fishbone‐patterned VA‐cells. As results, improved electro‐optic characteristics, such as faster grey‐to‐grey response time, lower threshold voltage and enhanced brightness, are obtained after the polymerization‐induced stabilization of the photo‐reactive SAM.
P.101: Investigation on Flexoelectric Effect in the Fringe Field Switching Mode
Authors: Jeong Il Hwa , Jang In Won , Kim Dae Hyoung , Han Ji Su , Kumar Baliyan Vijay , Lee Seung Hee , Ahn Seon Hong , Cho Sung Ho , Yi Chung
Published: July 2013

Orientation of liquid crystal (LC) in an on state of the fringe field switching (FFS) mode has splay and bend deformation of LC director, which might cause spontaneous polarization by LC layer itself. Existence of flexoelectric effect is confirmed by observing appearance of flickering while the device is driven by ac voltage. We have tested LC mixtures having positive dielectric anisotropy and studied flexoelectric effects dependent on frequency and temperature.
P.104: 2‐Face Viewable Display Using Dye‐Doped Liquid Crystal
Authors: Chen Chao Ping , Li Hongjing , He Zhenghong , Li Xiao , Xiong Yuan , Hu Wei , Su Yikai , Jhun Chul Gyu
Published: July 2013

We present a liquid crystal display that allows two faces of the display viewed at opposite directions to show different image/video content simultaneously. This device is characterized by a dye‐doped liquid crystal, which can eliminate the need for polarizers and offer a very low crosstalk between two separated viewing angles.
P.119: High‐Performance Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes with a Conjugated Polyelectrolyte
Authors: Yang Jungjin , Kwon Yongwon , Kwak Jeonghun , Lee Changhee
Published: July 2013

We demonstrated red, yellow, green and blue polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs) with high performances using a conjugated polyelectrolyte electron injection layer and high work function metal (Ag). PLEDs using a conjugated polyelectrolyte layer show improved performances in terms of the luminance and efficiency, as compared to the devices without this layer. Furthermore, it is providing a new possibility of all solution‐processed PLEDs with Ag electrodes.
P.127: 55 Inches 3D Short‐Throw Rear‐Projection‐System with Broadband Polarizing‐type Glasses
Authors: Chen Sheng‐Hao , Chen Yi‐Jiun , Lin Hoang Yan
Published: July 2013

In order to realizing a large‐sized glass‐type 3D display, a 55” screen 3D rear projection system is built. The number and the order of retarders used in the glasses are optimized to reduce the crosstalk and color‐shift caused by head‐rotation. The result shows that image quality is greatly improved.
P.128: Virtual Force Sensing Using Smooth Stroke Reconstruction Algorithm for Capacitive Touch Panels
Authors: Lin Chih‐Lung , Chang Yi‐Ming , Chen Hung‐Sheng , Li Chia‐Sheng , Lin Alvin
Published: July 2013

This work adopts a method to detect the force signal from z‐directional with a stylus and finger for capacitive touch panels (CTPs). To obtain the accuracy of force signal, the Kalman filter (KF) is utilized to reduce the noise of force signal. Moreover, the directional weighted method is used to achieve the smooth drawing and stroke reconstruction after processing force signal by the KF algorithm. The experiment results demonstrate the effectiveness of drawing and stroke reconstruction with both stylus and finger.
Poloidal ULF wave observed in the plasmasphere boundary layer
Authors: Liu W. , Cao J. B. , Li X. , Sarris T. E. , Zong Q.‐G. , Hartinger M. , Takahashi K. , Zhang H. , Shi Q. Q. , Angelopoulos V.
Published: July 2013

We report on a rare ultra‐low‐frequency (ULF) wave generation event associated with the formation of a plasmasphere boundary layer (PBL), which was well observed by one of the THEMIS satellites, TH‐D, during subsequent outbound passes. On 13 September 2011, TH‐D observed a sharp plasmapause at L = 3.4. The plasmasphere started to expand and continued to be refilled on 14 September. On 15 September, a PBL was formed with two density gradients at L = 4.4 and 6.5, respectively. Within the two density gradients, strong radial magnetic field and azimuthal electric field oscillations were observed, suggesting poloidal ULF waves. Based on the phase delay between magnetic and electric field signals, as well as the comparison between the observed wave frequency and predicted harmonic eigenfrequency, we find that the observed oscillations are second harmonic poloidal waves. Further investigation shows that the observed waves are likely generated by drift‐bounce resonance with “bump‐on‐tail” plasma distributions at ~10 keV. We demonstrate that the waves are excited within the PBL where the eigenfrequency is close to the bounce frequency of these hot protons, but not outside the PBL where the eigenfrequency deviates from the bounce frequency. Finally, we suggest that cold plasma density seems to be a controlling factor for ULF wave generation as well, in addition to the bump‐on‐tail energy source, by altering eigenfrequency of the local field lines.
Comparison of two editions of Tokyo guidelines for the management of acute cholangitis
Authors: Sun Gang , Han Lu , Yang Yunsheng , Linghu Enqiang , Li Wen , Cai Fengchun , Kong Jinyan , Wang Xiangdong , Meng Jiangyun , Du Hong , Wang Hongbin , Huang Qiyang , Hyder Quratulain , Zhang Xiuli
Published: July 2013

Background 

The Tokyo guidelines from 2007 (TG07) and 2013 (TG13) were compared for the management of acute cholangitis (AC).

Methods 

We reviewed patients with clinically‐proven AC by detecting purulent biles during biliary drainage. TG07 and TG13 were compared regarding diagnosis, severity grading and prognostic values. New risk factors for 30‐day mortality were investigated.

Results 

Definite diagnosis for 120 eligible patients was made in 104 (86.7%) and 101 (84.2%) cases by TG07 and TG13, respectively (P = 0.36), higher than 61 (50.8%) by Charcot's triad (P < 0.001). Diagnostic overlap and concordance (κ) are 90.8% (109/120) and 0.63 (P < 0.0001). Patients classified into mild and moderate grades by TG07 and TG13 differed significantly (P = 0.043). Both guidelines could not predict clinical outcomes except the needs for multi ERCP session by TG13. Intrahepatic obstruction (OR = 11.2, 95% CI: 1.55–226.9) and hypoalbuminemia (≤ 25.0 g/l; OR = 17.3, 95% CI: 3.5–313.6) were independent risk factors for 30‐day mortality in multivariate model.

Conclusion 

Two guidelines are reproducible and reliable in AC diagnosis but different in severity grading. TG13 are more practical for immediate severity grading, enabling planning treatment upon admission. Intrahepatic obstruction is a new candidate predictor of 30‐day mortality for further assessment.
Laser wavelength dependence of background fluorescence in Raman spectroscopic analysis of synovial fluid from symptomatic joints
Authors: Yang Shan , Li Bolan , Slipchenko Mikhail N. , Akkus Anna , Singer Nora G. , Yeni Yener N. , Akkus Ozan
Published: July 2013

Gout is a disease process where the nucleation and growth of crystals in the synovial fluid of joints elicit painful arthritis‐like symptoms. Raman spectroscopy is evolving as a potential diagnostic tool in identifying such crystals; however, attainment of sufficient Raman signal while overcoming the background fluorescence remains as a major challenge. The current study focused on assessing whether excitation in 532–700 nm range will provide greater signal intensity than the standard 785 nm while not being impeded by background fluorescence. We characterized the fluorescence spectra, absorption spectra and Raman spectra of synovial fluid from patients who presented ‘gout‐like symptoms’ (symptomatic) and controls (asymptomatic). A digestion and filtration method was developed to isolate crystals from synovial fluid while reducing the organic burden. Spectral profile and photobleaching dynamics during Raman spectroscopy were observed under an excitation wavelength range spanning 532 to 785 nm. Absorbance and fluorescence profiles indicated the digestion and filtration worked effectively to extract crystals from symptomatic synovial fluid without introducing additional fluorescence. Raman spectral analyses at 532 nm, 660 nm, 690 nm and 785 nm indicated that both asymptomatic and symptomatic samples had significant levels of fluorescence at excitation wavelengths below 700 nm, which either hindered the collection of Raman signal or necessitated prolonged durations of photobleaching. Raman‐based diagnostics were more feasible at the longest excitation wavelength of 785 nm without employing photobleaching. This study further demonstrated that a near‐infrared (NIR) OEM‐based lower‐cost Raman system at 785 nm excitation has sufficient sensitivity to identify crystals isolated from the synovial fluid. In conclusion, while lower excitation wavelengths provide greater signal, the fluorescence necessitates NIR wavelengths for Raman analysis of crystal species observed in synovial aspirates. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Motion sensitivity and caloric responsiveness in vestibular migraine and Meniere's disease
Authors: Sharon Jeffrey D. , Hullar Timothy E.
Published: July 2013

Objectives/Hypothesis

We examined whether scores on a motion sensitivity questionnaire (MSQ) could distinguish between vestibular migraine (VM) and Meniere's disease (MD). As a secondary goal, we examined whether scores on the MSQ correlated with results from caloric testing.

Study Design

This study administered a telephone questionnaire to subjects who met clinical criteria for vestibular migraine, Meniere's disease, and controls.

Methods

A MSQ was administered to 20 subjects meeting American Academy of Otolaryngology (AAO) criteria for MD, 30 subjects meeting Neuhauser criteria for both probable vestibular migraine (pVM) and definite vestibular migraine (dVM), and 22 controls.

Results

The average score on the MSQ was 5.9 for VM, 4.25 for MD, and 0.4 for controls. Both the VM and MD scored significantly higher than the controls (P = 0.0001), but results were not statistically different from each other (P = 0.17). However, the average score for subjects with dVM was 7.1, which was significantly higher than subjects with pVM whose average score was 4.2 (P = 0.045) and higher than subjects with MD (P = 0.048). When each question of the MSQ was analyzed, motion sensitivity to riding in a car was found to be significantly different between VM (average score 1.1) and MD (average score 0.5), with P value of 0.048. Scores of MSQ did not correlate with the total eye speed (TES) on caloric testing.

Conclusions

Subjects with VM and MD had elevated levels of motion sensitivity compared to controls. Subjects with VM had more motion sensitivity to riding in a car than those with MD, but their TES was not different.

Level of Evidence

3b. Laryngoscope, 124:969–973, 2014
Current incidence of duplicate publication in otolaryngology
Authors: Cheung Veronique Wan Fook , Lam Gilbert O. A. , Wang Yun Fan , Chadha Neil K.
Published: July 2013

Objectives/Hypothesis

Duplicate publication—deemed highly unethical—is the reproduction of substantial content in another article by the same authors. In 1999, Rosenthal et al. identified an 8.5% incidence of duplicate articles in two otolaryngology journals. We explored the current incidence in three otolaryngology journals in North America and Europe.

Study Design

Retrospective literature review.

Methods

Index articles in 2008 in Archives of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Laryngoscope, and Clinical Otolaryngology were searched using MEDLINE. Potential duplicate publications in 2006 through 2010 were identified using the first, second, and last authors' names. Three authors independently investigated suspected duplicate publications—classifying them by degree of duplication.

Results

Of 358 index articles screened, 75 (20.9%) had 119 potential duplicates from 2006 to 2010. Full review of these 119 potential duplicates revealed a total of 40 articles with some form of redundancy (33.6% of the potential duplicates) involving 27 index articles (7.5% of 358 index articles); one (0.8%) “dual” publication (identical or nearly identical data and conclusions to the index article); three (2.5%) “suspected” dual publications (less than 50% new data and same conclusions); and 36 (30.3%) publications with “salami‐slicing” (portion of the index article data repeated) were obtained. Further analysis compared the likelihood of duplicate publication by study source and subspecialty within otolaryngology.

Conclusions

The incidence of duplicate publication has not significantly changed over 10 years. “Salami‐slicing” was a concerning practice, with no cross‐referencing in 61% of these cases. Detecting and eliminating redundant publications is a laborious task, but it is essential in upholding the journal quality and research integrity.

Levels of Evidence

N/A. Laryngoscope, 124:655–658, 2014