bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prisoners' experience of health self‐management: A qualitative study
Authors: Avieli Hila
Published: February 2023

Purpose

Among the noninstitutionalized population, health care is increasingly shifting from a paternalistic model toward promoting patients' involvement in decision‐making and in managing their condition. This paradigm shift toward health self‐management is less applicable to individuals in prison whose health management choices are limited. The aim of this study was to explore prisoners' health self‐management needs and the strategies used to maintain health self‐management in a highly restrictive prison environment.

Design

A qualitative phenomenological study design was selected for this research.

Methods

An interpretive phenomenological analysis was chosen to present the narratives of prisoners regarding their health self‐management. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 15 male prisoners followed by content analysis.

Results

The analysis of the participants' narratives revealed four major themes: (1) “I thrive on the anger so I can turn it into some more sit‐ups:” Initiating sporting activities (2) “Food shouldn't be that white…:” Prisoners' quest for healthier eating (3) “I felt I want more out of life…:” Avoiding an unhealthy lifestyle (4) “I want to be taken care of:” The struggle for better health care.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that prisoners can overcome the challenges of maintaining health in prison and become committed to better health management. Prisoners who serve as health resources may help reduce the load on correctional facilities' health care systems and the public.
Beyond the genomes of Fulvia fulva (syn. Cladosporium fulvum) and Dothistroma septosporum: New insights into how these fungal pathogens interact with their host plants
Authors: Mesarich Carl H. , Barnes Irene , Bradley Ellie L. , de la Rosa Silvia , de Wit Pierre J. G. M. , Guo Yanan , Griffiths Scott A. , Hamelin Richard C. , Joosten Matthieu H. A. J. , Lu Mengmeng , McCarthy Hannah M. , Schol Christiaan R. , Stergiopoulos Ioannis , Tarallo Mariana , Zaccaron Alex Z. , Bradshaw Rosie E.
Published: February 2023

Fulvia fulva and Dothistroma septosporum are closely related apoplastic pathogens with similar lifestyles but different hosts: F. fulva is a pathogen of tomato, whilst D. septosporum is a pathogen of pine trees. In 2012, the first genome sequences of these pathogens were published, with F. fulva and D. septosporum having highly fragmented and near‐complete assemblies, respectively. Since then, significant advances have been made in unravelling their genome architectures. For instance, the genome of F. fulva has now been assembled into 14 chromosomes, 13 of which have synteny with the 14 chromosomes of D. septosporum, suggesting these pathogens are even more closely related than originally thought. Considerable advances have also been made in the identification and functional characterization of virulence factors (e.g., effector proteins and secondary metabolites) from these pathogens, thereby providing new insights into how they promote host colonization or activate plant defence responses. For example, it has now been established that effector proteins from both F. fulva and D. septosporum interact with cell‐surface immune receptors and co‐receptors to activate the plant immune system. Progress has also been made in understanding how F. fulva and D. septosporum have evolved with their host plants, whilst intensive research into pandemics of Dothistroma needle blight in the Northern Hemisphere has shed light on the origins, migration, and genetic diversity of the global D. septosporum population. In this review, we specifically summarize advances made in our understanding of the F. fulva–tomato and D. septosporum–pine pathosystems over the last 10 years.
A city in a bunker in a city: Demilitarizing art in South Korea
Authors: Gitzen Timothy
Published: February 2023

Located mere feet from the busy Yeouido Bus Transfer Center, the Seoul Museum of Art (SeMA) Bunker is a former military bunker from 1970s authoritarian South Korea that now showcases changing art exhibits. Debuting in November 2019,Paju(by artist Kim Seung Rea) features a series of paintings and statues capturing life in the town of Paju in the Geyeonggi Province near the border of the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) that separates North and South Korea. As a critique of militarization,Pajunot only offers a glimpse into the life that blossoms amidst the guard towers, bulwarks, and barbed wire, it challenges the power dynamic implicit in the space of the bunker. Cold War ideologies overlap in SeMA Bunker, for while the bunker was purportedly designed to keep the former president, Park Chung‐hee, safe during potential North Korean attack, the town of Paju was to act as human and infrastructural sacrifice to keep the rest of the country secure. Therefore, to bring Paju into the bunker via the exhibit is to inverse that power relationship and thus work to demilitarize the space, the town, and ultimately the patrons.
N‐hydroxypipecolic acid induces systemic acquired resistance and transcriptional reprogramming via TGA transcription factors
Authors: Yildiz Ipek , Gross Marlene , Moser Denise , Petzsch Patrick , Köhrer Karl , Zeier Jürgen
Published: February 2023

N‐hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP) accumulates in pathogen‐inoculated and distant leaves of the Arabidopsis shoot and induces systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in dependence of the salicylic acid (SA) receptor NPR1. We report here that SAR triggered by exogenous NHP treatment requires the function of the transcription factors TGA2/5/6 in addition to NPR1, and is further positively affected by TGA1/4. Consistently, a tga2/5/6 triple knockout mutant is fully impaired in NHP‐induced SAR gene expression, while a tga1/4 double mutant shows an attenuated, partial transcriptional response to NHP. Moreover, tga2/5/6 and tga1/4 exhibited fully and strongly impaired pathogen‐triggered SAR, respectively, while SA‐induced resistance was more moderately compromised in both lines. At the same time, tga2/5/6 was not and tga1/4 only partially impaired in the accumulation of NHP and SA at sites of bacterial attack. Strikingly, SAR gene expression in the systemic tissue induced by local bacterial inoculation or locally applied NHP fully required functional TGA2/5/6 and largely depended on TGA1/4 factors. The systemic accumulation of NHP and SA was attenuated but not abolished in the SAR‐compromised and transcriptionally blocked tga mutants, suggesting their transport from inoculated to systemic tissue. Our results indicate the existence of a critical TGA‐ and NPR1‐dependent transcriptional module that mediates the induction of SAR and systemic defence gene expression by NHP.
When others control risks: Others‐focused coping with risks from energy projects
Authors: Vrieling Leonie , Perlaviciute Goda , Steg Linda
Published: February 2023

Energy projects can cause various risks over which people have little control, because they are usually developed, implemented, and managed by external parties, such as governments and industry. This study aims to examine how people cope with such externally controlled risks from energy projects, in particular earthquakes induced by gas extraction in their region. Specifically, we studied which factors influence people's intentions to engage in emotion‐focused coping aimed at reducing negative emotions, and problem‐focused coping aimed at reducing the risks and/or their negative consequences. Extending previous studies, we distinguish two types of problem‐focused coping that may be relevant when facing externally controlled risks, namely self‐focused coping, in which individual themselves take action to reduce the negative consequences of the risks, and others‐focused coping, in which case individuals urge responsible parties to take actions to reduce the risks. Our results show that the three types of coping can be distinguished empirically, and people are likely to engage in others‐focused coping. Further, people are most likely to engage in others‐focused coping when they experience strong morality‐based emotions toward the risks from energy projects, whereas they are most likely to engage in self‐focused coping and emotion‐focused coping when they experience strong negative consequence‐based emotions toward the risks from energy projects.
Cytidine diphosphate diacylglycerol synthase is essential for mitochondrial structure and energy production in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Zhang Qiyue , Boundjou Nikabou Batigma , Jia Lijun , Wang Xinliang , Zhou Ling , Peisker Helga , Li Qing , Guo Liang , Dörmann Peter , Lyu Dianqiu , Zhou Yonghong
Published: February 2023

Cytidine diphosphate diacylglycerol (CDP‐DAG), an important intermediate for glycerolipid biosynthesis, is synthesized under the catalytic activity of CDP‐DAG synthase (CDS) to produce anionic phosphoglycerolipids such as phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and cardiolipin (CL). Previous studies showed that Arabidopsis CDSs are encoded by a small gene family, termed CDS1–CDS5, the members of which are integral membrane proteins in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and in plastids. However, the details on how CDP‐DAG is provided for mitochondrial membrane‐specific phosphoglycerolipids are missing. Here we present the identification of a mitochondrion‐specific CDS, designated CDS6. Enzymatic activity of CDS6 was demonstrated by the complementation of CL synthesis in the yeast CDS‐deficient tam41Δ mutant. The Arabidopsis cds6 mutant lacking CDS6 activity showed decreased mitochondrial PG and CL biosynthesis capacity, a severe growth deficiency finally leading to plant death. These defects were rescued partly by complementation with CDS6 or supplementation with PG and CL. The ultrastructure of mitochondria in cds6 was abnormal, missing the structures of cristae. The degradation of triacylglycerol (TAG) in lipid droplets and starch in chloroplasts in the cds6 mutant was impaired. The expression of most differentially expressed genes involved in the mitochondrial electron transport chain was upregulated, suggesting an energy‐demanding stage in cds6. Furthermore, the contents of polar glycerolipids in cds6 were dramatically altered. In addition, cds6 seedlings lost the capacity for cell proliferation and showed a higher oxidase activity. Thus, CDS6 is indispensable for the biosynthesis of PG and CL in mitochondria, which is critical for establishing mitochondrial structure, TAG degradation, energy production and seedling development.
Differences in phytohormone and flavonoid metabolism explain the sex differences in responses of Salix rehderiana to drought and nitrogen deposition
Authors: Cai Zeyu , Fu Mingyue , Yao Yuan , Chen Yao , Song Haifeng , Zhang Sheng
Published: February 2023

Due to global warming and the increase in nitrogen oxide emissions, plants experience drought and nitrogen (N) deposition. However, little is known about the acclimation to drought and N deposition of Salix species, which are dioecious woody plants. Here, an investigation into foliar N deposition combined with drought was conducted by assessing integrated phenotypes, phytohormones, transcriptomics, and metabolomics of male and female Salix rehderiana. The results indicated that there was greater transcriptional regulation in males than in females. Foliar N deposition induced an increase in foliar abscisic acid (ABA) levels in males, resulting in the inhibition of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, carbon (C) and N accumulation, and growth, whereas more N was assimilated in females. Growth as well as C and N accumulation in drought‐stressed S. rehderiana females increased after N deposition. Interestingly, drought decreased flavonoid biosynthesis whereas N deposition increased it in females. Both drought and N deposition increased flavonoid methylation in males and glycosylation in females. However, in drought‐exposed S. rehderiana, N deposition increased the biosynthesis and glycosylation of flavonoids in females but decreased glycosylation in males. Therefore, foliar N deposition affects the growth and drought tolerance of S. rehderiana by altering the foliar ABA levels and the biosynthesis and modification of flavonoids. This work provides a basis for understanding how S. rehderiana may acclimate to N deposition and drought in the future.
Herbicide‐resistant barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus‐galli) in global rice production
Authors: Damalas Christos A. , Koutroubas Spyridon D.
Published: February 2023

Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus‐galli (L.) Beauv.), an annual species of the family Poaceae, is a major weed problem in rice‐producing countries throughout the globe. Synthetic herbicides can effectively control this grass in rice paddies, but the development of resistant biotypes after the continuous use of the same active ingredients has led to low herbicide efficacy and yield losses. In this review, a summary of resistant‐barnyardgrass cases in global rice production is reported based on data from the International Herbicide‐Resistant Weed Database. The first case of resistant barnyardgrass in rice paddies was to the photosystem‐II inhibitor propanil in the late 1980s. Eighty‐five (85) out of 116 cases in the period from 1986 to 2022 refer to resistant barnyardgrass (E. crus‐galli var. crus‐galli, E. crus‐galli var. formosensis and E. crus‐galli var. zelayensis) in 16 countries. Barnyardgrass has been found resistant to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors (34 cases), acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors (23 cases), photosystem‐II inhibitors (11 cases), auxin mimics/cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors (9 cases), very long chain fatty acid inhibitors (6 cases), and microtubule assembly inhibitors (1 case). The majority of all resistance cases reported to the active ingredients penoxsulam, bispyribac‐sodium, and imazamox (ALS inhibitors), cyhalofop‐butyl and fenoxaprop‐ethyl (ACCase inhibitors), propanil (photosystem‐II inhibitors), and quinclorac (auxin mimics/cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors). Although target‐site resistance with specific mutations has been identified, non‐target site resistance mainly through herbicide detoxification is also of great concern increasing the chance of multiple herbicide resistance evolution. Rotation of herbicides should be adopted concerning the modes of action used as well as the application methods to mitigate resistance evolution of this weed in rice paddies.
From sonority hierarchy to posterior probability as a measure of lenition: The case of Spanish stops
Authors: Tang Kevin , Wayland Ratree , Wang Fenqi , Vellozzi Sophia , Sengupta Rahul , Altmann Lori
Published: February 2023

A deep learning Phonet model was evaluated as a method to measure lenition. Unlike quantitative acoustic methods, recurrent networks were trained to recognize the posterior probabilities of sonorant and continuant phonological features in a corpus of Argentinian Spanish. When applied to intervocalic and post-nasal voiced and voiceless stops, the approach yielded lenition patterns similar to those previously reported. Further, additional patterns also emerged. The results suggest the validity of the approach as an alternative or addition to quantitative acoustic measures of lenition.
Activity Distribution Among the Hamstring Muscles During the Nordic Hamstring Exercise: A Multichannel Surface Electromyography Study
Authors: Suskens Jozef J.M. , Reurink Gustaaf , Tol Johannes L. , Kerkhoffs Gino M.M.J. , Goedhart Edwin A. , Maas Huub , van Dieën Jaap H.
Published: February 2023

This study assessed activity distribution among the hamstring muscles during the Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE). The objective was to compare muscle activity between and within muscles during the NHE to add insights in its underlying protective mechanism. Through multichannel electromyography, we measured muscle activity in male basketball players during the NHE. Electromyography was assessed at 15 locations: 5 for biceps femoris long head, 4 for semitendinosus, and 6 for semimembranosus. For each percent of the eccentric phase of the NHE, muscle activity was calculated for each electrode location within each hamstring muscle individually. To quantify whole muscle head activity, means and variances across electrodes within each muscle were calculated. Thirty-five noninjured participants were included (mean age, 18 [2] y; mass, 87 [12] kg; height, 192 [9] cm). Heterogeneous muscle activity was found between 38% and 62% and over the whole eccentric contraction phase within the semitendinosus and the semimembranosus, respectively. Muscle activity of the semitendinosus was significantly higher than that of the biceps femoris long head. During the NHE, the relative contribution of the semitendinosus is the highest among hamstring muscles. Its strong contribution may compensate for the biceps femoris long head, the most commonly injured hamstring muscle head.
Climate model differences contribute deep uncertainty in future Antarctic ice loss
Authors: Li Dawei , DeConto Robert M. , Pollard David
Published: February 2023

Future projections of ice sheets in response to different climate scenarios and their associated contributions to sea level changes are subject to deep uncertainty due to ice sheet instability processes, hampering a proper risk assessment of sea level rise and enaction of mitigation/adaptation strategies. For a systematic evaluation of the uncertainty due to climate model fields used as input to the ice sheet models, we drive a three-dimensional model of the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) with the output from 36 climate models to simulate past and future changes in the AIS. Simulations show that a few climate models result in partial collapse of the West AIS under modeled preindustrial climates, and the spread in future changes in the AIS’s volume is comparable to the structural uncertainty originating from differing ice sheet models. These results highlight the need for improved representations of physical processes important for polar climate in climate models.
A partially equilibrated initial mantle and core indicated by stress-induced percolative core formation through a bridgmanite matrix
Authors: Wang Lin , Fei Yingwei
Published: February 2023

The Earth’s core formation mechanism determines the siderophile and light elements abundance in the Earth’s mantle and core. Previous studies suggest that the sink of massive liquid metal through a solid silicate mantle resulted in an unequilibrated core and the lower mantle. Here, we show that percolation can be an effective core formation mechanism in a convective mantle and modify the compositions of the lower mantle and the core through partial equilibration between them. This grain-scale metal flow has a high velocity to meet the time constraint of core formation. The Earth’s core could have been enriched with light elements, and the abundance of the moderately siderophile elements in the mantle could have been elevated to the current value during this process. The trapped core-forming melt in the mantle during the stress-induced percolation can also explain the highly siderophile element abundance in the Earth’s mantle.
Biased cultural transmission of a social custom in chimpanzees
Authors: van Leeuwen Edwin J. C. , Hoppitt William
Published: February 2023

Cultural transmission studies in animals have predominantly focused on identifying between-group variation in tool-use techniques, while immaterial cultures remain understudied despite their potential for highlighting similarities between human and animal culture. Here, using long-term data from two chimpanzee communities, we tested whether one of chimpanzees’ most enigmatic social customs—the grooming handclasp—is culturally transmitted by investigating the influence of well-documented human transmission biases on their variational preferences. After identifying differences in style preferences between the communities, we show that older and dominant individuals exert more influence over their partners’ handclasp styles. Mothers were equally likely to influence their offspring’s preferences as nonkin, indicating that styles are transmitted both vertically and obliquely. Last, individuals gradually converged on the group style, suggesting that conformity guides chimpanzees’ handclasp preferences. Our findings show that chimpanzees’ social lives are influenced by cultural transmission biases that hitherto were thought to be uniquely human.
Electric field manipulation of spin chirality and skyrmion dynamic
Authors: Dai Bingqian , Wu Di , Razavi Seyed Armin , Xu Shijie , He Haoran , Shu Qingyuan , Jackson Malcolm , Mahfouzi Farzad , Huang Hanshen , Pan Quanjun , Cheng Yang , Qu Tao , Wang Tianyi , Tai Lixuan , Wong Kin , Kioussis Nicholas , Wang Kang L.
Published: February 2023

The Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) is an antisymmetric exchange interaction that stabilizes spin chirality. One scientific and technological challenge is understanding and controlling the interaction between spin chirality and electric field. In this study, we investigate an unconventional electric field effect on interfacial DMI, skyrmion helicity, and skyrmion dynamics in a system with broken inversion symmetry. We design heterostructures with a 3d-5d atomic orbital interface to demonstrate the gate bias control of the DMI energy and thus transform the DMI between opposite chiralities. Furthermore, we use this voltage-controlled DMI (VCDMI) to manipulate the skyrmion spin texture. As a result, a type of intermediate skyrmion with a unique helicity is created, and its motion can be controlled and made to go straight. Our work shows the effective control of spin chirality, skyrmion helicity, and skyrmion dynamics by VCDMI. It promotes the emerging field of voltage-controlled chiral interactions and voltage-controlled skyrmionics.
Photonic unsupervised learning variational autoencoder for high-throughput and low-latency image transmission
Authors: Chen Yitong , Zhou Tiankuang , Wu Jiamin , Qiao Hui , Lin Xing , Fang Lu , Dai Qionghai
Published: February 2023

Following the explosive growth of global data, there is an ever-increasing demand for high-throughput processing in image transmission systems. However, existing methods mainly rely on electronic circuits, which severely limits the transmission throughput. Here, we propose an end-to-end all-optical variational autoencoder, named photonic encoder-decoder (PED), which maps the physical system of image transmission into an optical generative neural network. By modeling the transmission noises as the variation in optical latent space, the PED establishes a large-scale high-throughput unsupervised optical computing framework that integrates main computations in image transmission, including compression, encryption, and error correction to the optical domain. It reduces the system latency of computation by more than four orders of magnitude compared with the state-of-the-art devices and transmission error ratio by 57% than on-off keying. Our work points to the direction for a wide range of artificial intelligence–based physical system designs and next-generation communications.
Effect of Glycosaminoglycans on
Cryptosporidium
Oocyst Attachment and Excystation
Authors: Mayerberger Elisa A. , Yazdanparast Tafti Sajedehalsadat , Jedlicka Sabrina S. , Jellison Kristen L.
Published: February 2023

Polydopamine surfaces functionalized with glycosaminoglycans were shown to facilitate the attachment and excystation of
Cryptosporidium parvum
oocysts. Our findings suggest that a surface-expressed receptor on the oocyst wall plays a key role in excystation, with glycosaminoglycans serving as ligands that trigger the initiation of the process.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Afifella
sp. Strain JA880, Isolated from a Salt Pond
Authors: Uppada Jagadeeshwari , Chintalapati Sasikala , Chintalapati Venkata Ramana
Published: February 2023

We report the draft genome sequence of
Afifella
sp. strain JA880, which was isolated from a saltwater pond near Pata, Gujarat, India. The genome assembly contains 3,794,364 bp, with a GC content of 63.5%. The genome sequence provides insights into the metabolic potential of
Afifella
sp. strain JA880.
Enterovirus A71 Promotes Exosome Secretion by the Nonstructural Protein 3A Interacting with Rab27a
Authors: Wu Jing , Zhao Yuxue , Chen Qiaoqiao , Chen Yiwen , Gu Jiaqi , Mao Lingxiang
Published: February 2023

Research has shown that viral infection impacts exosome secretion, but its regulation mechanisms remain poorly understood. Nonstructural protein 3A of EV-A71 interacts with many host factors and is involved in the remodeling of cellular membranes.
Diabetic ketoacidosis in pregnancy
Authors: Ali Hossam Mohamed Abd-elnaby , Syeda Nasreen
Published: February 2023

The clinical presentation of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) includes nausea, vomiting, thirst, polyuria, polydipsia, abdominal pain, tachypnoea, and change in mental status in cases of severe DKA. DKA is similar in pregnant and non-pregnant women, but in pregnant women it can be seen at lower serum glucose levels and symptoms may develop more rapidly. Most, but not all, cases occur in the second or third trimester.

DKA results in reduction in uteroplacental blood flow due to osmotic diuresis, and also in metabolic abnormalities (maternal acidosis, hyperglycaemia, electrolyte imbalance), resulting in fetal hypoxaemia and acidosis. In fetuses with mature cardiac activity, the fetal heart rate may show minimal or absent variability, repetitive deceleration and absence of acceleration. These abnormalities in heart rate usually resolve with resolution of the DKA, which may last for several hours before normalisation.

For the patient reported on here, immediate delivery based on pathological fetal heart rate would have resulted in preterm delivery and jeopardised the maternal clinical condition. However, a holistic clinical approach by the multidisciplinary team to management of the patient led to normal term delivery 5 weeks after presentation with DKA; fetal and maternal outcome were good.
Bibliometric analysis of authorship patterns in publications from a research group at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 2016–2020
Authors: Shambe Iornum , Thomas Katherine , Bradley John , Marchant Tanya , Weiss Helen A , Webb Emily L
Published: February 2023

Background

Authors from low and middle-income country (LMIC) institutions are under-represented in publications of research based in LMICs. This case study of publications from authors within the Medical Research Council International Statistics and Epidemiology Group (MRC-ISEG), a global health research group affiliated to the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine in the UK, aims to describe patterns in authorship and factors associated with under-representation.

Methods

Papers were included if they were published between January 2016 and December 2020 inclusive, included an author from the MRC-ISEG and described work conducted in a LMIC. Authors’ affiliations were classified using World Bank country income classifications into LMIC affiliations only, high-income country (HIC) affiliations only and mixed LMIC/HIC affiliations. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to assess associations of author affiliation category with authorship position, and whether patterns varied by journal impact factor quartile and multiple versus single-country studies.

Results

A total of 882 papers, including 10 570 authors describing research conducted in 61 LMICs, were included. Compared with authors of HIC-only affiliation, those with LMIC-only affiliation were less likely to be in first authorship position (relative risk ratio (RRR)=0.51, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.60) and mixed HIC/LMIC affiliation authors were more likely (RRR=2.80, 95% CI 2.35 to 3.34). Compared with authors of HIC-only affiliation, those with LMIC-only affiliation were less likely to be in last authorship position (RRR=0.20, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.24) and those with mixed HIC/LMIC affiliations were more likely (RRR=1.95, 95% CI 1.65 to 2.30). The proportion of senior authors with LMIC-only affiliation was lowest for the highest impact journals, and in multicountry versus single-country studies.

Conclusion

Alongside increasing research capacity within LMICs, HIC institutions should ensure that LMIC-affiliated researchers are properly represented in global research. Academics working in global health should be judged on their involvement in representative collaborative research rather than individual achievements in authorship position.
Digital public health leadership in the global fight for health security
Authors: AlKnawy Bandar , Kozlakidis Zisis , Tarkoma Sasu , Bates David , Honkela Antti , Crooks George , Rhee Kyu , McKillop Mollie
Published: February 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need to prioritise mature digital health and data governance at both national and supranational levels to guarantee future health security. The Riyadh Declaration on Digital Health was a call to action to create the infrastructure needed to share effective digital health evidence-based practices and high-quality, real-time data locally and globally to provide actionable information to more health systems and countries. The declaration proposed nine key recommendations for data and digital health that need to be adopted by the global health community to address future pandemics and health threats. Here, we expand on each recommendation and provide an evidence-based roadmap for their implementation. This policy document serves as a resource and toolkit that all stakeholders in digital health and disaster preparedness can follow to develop digital infrastructure and protocols in readiness for future health threats through robust digital public health leadership.
Social, health and economic impact of COVID-19: Healthy Ageing In Scotland (HAGIS) – a protocol for a mixed-methods study
Authors: Arakelyan Stella , Brown Tamara , McCabe Louise , McGregor Lesley , Comerford David , Dawson Alison , Bell David , Douglas Cristina , Houston John , Douglas Elaine
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Public health responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have reaped adverse physical, psychological, social and economic effects, with older adults disproportionally affected. Psychological consequences of the pandemic include fear, worry and anxiety. COVID-19 fear may impact individuals’ mitigation behaviours, influencing their willingness to (re)engage in health, social and economic behaviours. This study seeks (1) to develop a robust and evidence-based questionnaire to measure the prevalence of COVID-19 fear among older adults (aged ≥50) in Scotland and (2) to examine the impact of COVID-19 fear on the willingness of older adults to (re)engage across health, social and economic domains as society adjusts to the ‘new normal’ and inform policy and practice.

Methods and analysis

This mixed-method study includes a large-scale multimodal survey, focus groups and interviews with older adults (aged ≥50) living in Scotland, and an email-based ‘e-Delphi’ consultation with professionals working with older adults. The COVID-19 fear scale was developed and validated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Survey data will be analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Thematic analysis will be used to analyse qualitative data. Survey and qualitative findings will be triangulated and used as the starting point for an ‘e-Delphi’ consensus consultation with expert stakeholders.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval has been obtained from the University of Stirling for multimodal survey development, fieldwork methodology and data management. Anonymised survey data will be deposited with the UK Data Service, with a link provided via the Gateway to Global Ageing. Qualitative data will be deposited with the University of Stirling online digital repository—DataSTORRE. A dedicated work package will oversee dissemination via a coproduced project website, conference presentations, rapid reports and national and international peer-reviewed journal articles. There is planned engagement with Scottish and UK policy makers to contribute to the UK government’s COVID-19 recovery strategy.
Need to clamp indwelling urinary catheters before removal after different durations: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ma Sumin , Gu Jiayi , Fan Xiaoyan
Published: February 2023

Objective

This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of bladder training by clamping on bladder urethral function in patients with indwelling urinary catheters used for different durations.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data sources

The UpToDate, Cochrane Library, OVID, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, CINAHL and Embase were screened from 1 January 2000 to 28 February 2022.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies

Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-experimental designs comparing the efficacy of bladder training in patients with an indwelling urinary catheter by clamping or free drainage before urinary catheter removal were published in English or Chinese.

Data extraction and synthesis

Two reviewers independently extracted the data and assessed the quality of studies. Continuous variables were analysed using mean difference and standardised mean difference (SMD) values with a 95% CI. Categorical variables were analysed using relative risk (RR) and 95% CI.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

The primary outcome was urinary tract infection incidence, and secondary outcomes included hours to first voiding, incidence of urinary retention and recatheterisation and residual urine volume.

Results

Seventeen papers (15 RCTs and 2 quasi-RCTs) comprising 3908 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled results of the meta-analysis showed that the clamping group had a significantly higher risk of urinary tract infections (RR=1.47; 95% CI 1.26 to 1.72; p<0.00001) and a longer hour to first void (SMD=0.19; 95% CI 0.08 to 0.29; p=0.0004) compared with the free drainage group. Subgroup analysis of indwelling urinary catheter use durations of ≤7 days indicated that clamping significantly increased the risk of urinary tract infection (RR=1.69; 95% CI 1.42 to 2.02, p<0.00001) and lengthens the interval to first void (SMD=0.26, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.41, p=0.0008) compared with free drainage.

Conclusions

Bladder training by clamping indwelling urinary catheters increases the incidence of urinary tract infection and lengthens the hours to first void in patients with indwelling urinary catheters use durations of ≤7 days compared with the free drainage. However, the effect of clamping training on patients with an indwelling urinary catheter use duration of >7 days is unclear.
Intensive community and home-based treatments for eating disorders: a scoping review study protocol
Authors: İnce Başak , Phillips Matthew , Schmidt Ulrike
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Institutionally based intensive treatment modalities (inpatient, day patient and residential treatments) for eating disorders (EDs) are associated with high treatment costs and significant challenges for patients and carers, including access difficulties and disruption to daily routines. Intensive community and home-based treatments have been suggested as alternatives to institutionally based intensive treatments for other severe mental illnesses, with promising clinical, social and health economic outcomes. The possible advantages of these treatments have been proposed for EDs, but this emerging area of research has not yet been systematically investigated. This scoping review aims to map the available literature on intensive community and home treatments for EDs, focusing on their conceptualisation, implementation and clinical outcomes.

Methods

This proposed scoping review will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocol extension for Scoping Reviews checklist and the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer’s Manual. This review will include any peer-reviewed study concerning intensive community and home-based treatments for any EDs, with no restrictions on geographical context or study design. Grey literature will also be considered. The literature search will be conducted in four databases: PubMed, PsycInfo, MEDLINE and Web of Science. Two researchers will independently screen the titles, abstracts and text of the returned articles for eligibility. Data charting and analysis will consist of a narrative description of the included studies, quantitative and qualitative findings relative to the aims of this scoping review. Gaps in the literature will be highlighted to inform future research, clinical practice, and policy.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not required as all data are available from public sources. The results of this scoping review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication, conference presentation, and social media.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices of COVID-19 in rural Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Siddiquea Bodrun Naher , Afroz Afsana , Chowdhury Mohammad Rocky Khan , Savira Feby , Alif Sheikh M , Bhattacharya Oashe , Hossain Md Nassif , Ali Liaquat , Chowdhury Hasina Akhter , Shetty Aishwarya , Islam Md Shariful , Billah Baki
Published: February 2023

Objectives

Understanding the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of COVID-19 within distinct populations may aid further public health messaging. This study’s aims were to explore KAP towards COVID-19 in rural Bangladesh and identify any potential links to sociodemographics, existing clinical conditions and sources of information.

Design

Cross-sectional community-based study.

Setting

Participants were recruited from 18 villages using multistage cluster random sampling.

Methods

Data were collected through face-to-face interviews, from June to November 2021, using a structured questionnaire. Data included sociodemographics, clinical conditions, sources of information and KAP of COVID-19 questions. Χ2test, multiple logistic regression and correlation analyses were performed.

Results

A total of 1603 participants were included with mean ages of 42.3±14.2 years, ranging from 18 to 60 years. Of these, 51% were male, 42.2% had secondary education and 45% had comorbidities. Television was the main source of COVID-19 information (55.8%). The overall correct response rate of KAP questions was 90%, 78% and 59%, respectively. In stepwise multiple logistic regression, good knowledge was associated with higher education (adjusted OR (AOR): 4.61, 95% CI: 2.40 to 8.85, p<0.001), employment, high body mass index (overweight and obese) and trust in the sources of information. Being female (AOR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.19 to 1.85, p<0.001), having depression (AOR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.34 to 2.43, p<0.001), being a past smoker and sources of information (family members/friends/relatives/neighbours) were associated with positive attitudes. Good practices were associated with older age (AOR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.10 to 2.11, p=0.01), higher education (AOR: 2.78, 95% CI: 1.58 to 4.89, p<0.001) and having anxiety, while current smokers and fully vaccinated people were less likely to be engaged in good practices. Positive significant correlations between domains of KAP were observed as well as between past vaccination KAP and COVID-19 KAP.

Conclusion

This study uncovered gaps in understanding and practices, and identified targeted intervention especially for young and less educated people using mass media to promote updated knowledge regarding COVID-19 and the efficacy of preventive practices.
Treatment outcomes and its associated factors among pneumonia patients admitted to public hospitals in Harar, eastern Ethiopia: a retrospective follow-up study
Authors: Jambo Abera , Gashaw Tigist , Mohammed Ammas Siraj , Edessa Dumessa
Published: February 2023

Objective

Although there is a high risk of drug resistance, empiric treatment is a common approach for pneumonia management. In this respect, it is relevant to know treatment outcomes of patients with pneumonia. This study aimed to assess treatment outcomes and its associated factors among pneumonia patients treated at two public hospitals in Harar, eastern Ethiopia.

Design

Retrospective follow-up study.

Setting

Jugal General Hospital and Hiwot Fana Specialised University Hospital in Harar, eastern Ethiopia.

Participants

Patients admitted and treated for pneumonia in the two public hospitals in eastern Ethiopia between April 2020 and April 2021.

Primary outcome

The primary outcome was unfavourable treatment outcome (died or transferred to intensive care unit) for pneumonia patients.

Results

A total of 693 patients with pneumonia were included in the study. 88 (12.7%) of these patients had an unfavourable treatment outcome, which included 14 (2%) transfers to the intensive care unit and 74 (10.7%) deaths. Patients with comorbidity (adjusted OR, AOR=2.96; 95% CI: 1.47 to 5.97) and with clinical features including abnormal body temperature (AOR=4.03; 95% CI: 2.14 to 7.58), tachycardia (AOR=2.57; 95% CI: 1.45 to 4.55), bradypnoea or tachypnoea (AOR=3.92; 95% CI:1.94 to 7.92), oxygen saturation below 90% (AOR=2.52; 95% CI:1.37 to 4.64) and leucocytosis (AOR=2.78, 95%, CI:1.38 to 5.58) had a significantly increased unfavourable treatment outcome.

Conclusion

We found that nearly one out of eight patients with pneumonia had unfavourable treatment outcomes. It was considerably high among patients with comorbidities and apparent abnormal clinical conditions. Therefore, taking into account regionally adaptable intervention and paying close attention to pneumonia patients admitted with comorbidity and other superimposed abnormal conditions might help improve the treatment outcomes of these populations.
Multidimensional analysis of sedentary behaviour and participation in Spanish stroke survivors (Part&Sed-Stroke): a protocol for a longitudinal multicentre study
Authors: de Diego-Alonso Cristina , Alegre-Ayala Jorge , Buesa Almudena , Blasco-Abadía Julia , López-Royo María Pilar , Roldán-Pérez Patricia , Giner-Nicolás Rafael ,   Part&Sed-Stroke Collaborators Group, Güeita-Rodriguez Javier , Fini Natalie Ann , Domenech-Garcia Victor , Bellosta-López Pablo
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Stroke survivors usually experience long-lasting functional, emotional and social consequences that might contribute to sedentary behaviour and participation restrictions, which are important targets to address during rehabilitation. However, the trajectory and inter-relationship between these factors are unknown.

Methods and analysis

Part&Sed is a research project based on an observational study design with 6 and 12 months of follow-ups in stroke survivors. In addition, a qualitative analysis of the impact of the stroke on the stroke survivor, validation of the Satisfaction with Daily Occupation-Occupational Balance assessment tool and analysis of the reliability of the Fitbit Inspire 2 activity tracker wristband will be carried out. Participants will be chronic stroke survivors with independent walking capacity. Sociodemographic and clinical data, physical activity, ambulation, sleep, quality of life, anxiety and depression, community participation, and occupational satisfaction and balance, as well as data provided by the activity tracker wristband, will be collected. In addition, if the participant has a primary caregiver, the caregiver will also be monitored. A minimum of 130 participants will be recruited to conduct a random-effects multiple regression model. Mixed models for repeated measures will assess the variation over time of the different variables associated with participation and sedentary behaviour. Psychometric properties (eg, internal consistency, construct validity, test–retest reliability) of the Satisfaction with Daily Occupation-Occupational Balance will be determined. Additionally, intraclass correlation coefficients and minimum detectable change will be calculated to assess intrasubject reliability of physical activity and sleep parameters recorded by the Fitbit Inspire 2. The qualitative analysis process will be carried out using the analysis proposed by Giorgi.

Ethics and dissemination

The study received ethical approval from the Spanish Regional Ethics Committee ‘Comité de Ética de la Investigación de la Comunidad de Aragón’ (PI21/333). The results will be made available via peer-reviewed publications, international conferences and official channels.
Symptom-specific non-pharmacological interventions for behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia: protocol of an umbrella review of systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Cho Eunhee , Kim Min Jung , Yang Minhee , Jang Jiyoon , Cho Jungwon , Lee Ji Yeon
Published: February 2023

Introduction

There are various non-pharmacological interventions for dementia care. However, healthcare providers continue to face challenges in determining the most suitable interventions for the behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), which vary according to individuals. This umbrella review aims to identify and summarise the effective non-pharmacological interventions for each sub-symptom to provide individualised, evidence-based recommendations for clinical practice.

Methods and analysis

This review follows the guideline of the Cochrane methodology for umbrella reviews. It focuses only on systematic reviews (SRs) with or without a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Five electronic databases: PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, PsycINFO and Cochrane Database, will be searched. The screened SRs will be determined for eligibility by the PICO formulation: (Population) older adults with dementia of any type; (Intervention) all types of non-pharmacological intervention; (Comparison) usual care or other non-pharmacological intervention; and (Outcome) BPSD and its sub-symptoms. The quality of the individual SRs will be appraised using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2. The overlap of primary studies will also be considered by eliminating an old-date SR conducted by the same authors with the same interest and calculating the Corrected Covered Area. Data will be extracted according to the pre-determined formula, which will organise non-pharmacological interventions according to the sub-symptoms of BPSD and not according to the type of intervention.

Ethics and dissemination

Since this is a review paper, ethical approval is not required. The findings of this review will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42022340930.