bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An alternative approach for socio-hydrology: case study research
Authors: Mostert Erik
Published: June 2017

Abstract. This paper argues for an alternative approach for socio‒hydrology: detailed case study research. Currently, the dominant approach in socio‒hydrology is developing coupled human‒water models. With very few exceptions, these models treat society as one actor or as a group of individual actors and do not include management structures and processes. Moreover, there is a shortage of data to calibrate and validate the models. Detailed case studies of individual river basins can be of help in these respects. They can result in a more complete understanding of how society interacts with hydrology and can help to identify new data sources. In addition, they can offer more levers for management and facilitate interdisciplinary cooperation. Two questions should be central: which human activities have had a significant impact on the hydrology of the case study area, and which factors can explain these activities? To give an idea of what a socio‒hydrological case study may look like and what its potential benefits are, this paper presents a short case study of the Dommel Basin in the Netherlands and Belgium and compares this with a typical socio‒hydrological model. The paper concludes that there is room for different approaches in socio‒hydrology. However, given the limited attention they currently get, more attention should be paid to developing detailed case studies.
Modeling macropore seepage fluxes from soil water content time series by inversion of a dual permeability model
Authors: Dalla Valle Nicolas , Potthast Karin , Meyer Stefanie , Michalzik Beate , Hildebrandt Anke , Wutzler Thomas
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Dual permeability models are widely used to simulate water fluxes and solute transport in structured soils. However, so far obtaining necessary data for model calibration is a problem due to the large set of unconstrained parameters. Therefore, this study presents a simplified 1D dual permeability model whose structure is similar to the MACRO model together with a calibration scheme that allows constraining the parameters using time series of soil water content. The inversion scheme consists of four consecutive steps: First, the parameters of three different water retention functions were assessed using vertical soil water content profiles assuming hydraulic equilibrium. Second, the soil sorptivity and diffusivity functions were estimated from Boltzmann-transformed soil water content data of a drying period. Third, the parameters governing macropore flow were determined using the most dynamic part of the soil water content time series during the first 12 h after a precipitation event. The model was calibrated using data of artificial, homogeneous and shallow soils from mesocosms. The resulting retention functions predicted similar values as pedotransfer functions apart from for very dry conditions. The predicted soil water content time series were in good agreement with measurements at 5 and 12 cm soil depth. Predicted macropore seepage fluxes exhibited high uncertainty and differed between water retention functions, but average predictions were close to measurements for two of the three water retention functions. The study demonstrates the feasibility of calibrating a 1D dual permeability model with soil water content time series.
Resurgimiento comunitario ante la nueva realidad socioeconómica
Authors: Barrera Algarín Evaristo , Sarasola Sánchez Serrano José Luís , Malagón Siria José Carlos
Published: June 2017

Este estudio analizó las características de los movimientos comunitarios que han cobrado fuerza tras el inicio de la crisis económica en estos últimos años. El trabajo de campo se realizó en cuatro contextos específicos de experiencias comunitarias: Dos de Monedas Sociales, uno de Huertos Urbanos, y otro de Bancos del Tiempo. Hipótesis: Los movimientos de base comunitaria que suponen una ayuda a aspectos económicos de las familias e individuos, toman fuerza en situaciones de crisis económicas, en el contexto de la globalización económica. Metodología: Se hicieron 82 encuestas del Cuestionario ECOM, compuesto de 48 preguntas, y que abarca el análisis de 77 variables. El estudio aportó la conexión entre la situación de crisis y desempleo con la participación en estas actividades; la vinculación de la edad a la participación en contextos distintos; el origen universitario y en desempleo de los participantes; consideración de estas iniciativas comunitarias como una forma de mercado o economía alternativa; vinculación con el principio de bien común; la participación basada en la confianza; y la desconexión entre lo global y lo local dentro de estas iniciativas.
EMISSÕES DE DIÓXIDO DE CARBONO ASSOCIADAS AO CONSUMO DE ENERGIA ELÉTRICA NO PARANÁ NO PERÍODO 2010-2014
Authors: Sanquetta Carlos Roberto , Maas Greyce Charllyne Benedet , Sanquetta Mateus Niroh Inoue , Sanquetta Felipe Taroh Inoue , Corte Ana Paula Dalla
Published: June 2017

O Paraná é o líder na geração nacional de energia elétrica, respondendo por 16,74% da produção. O Estado também é um grande consumidor de energia elétrica, participando com 6,22% em escala nacional. A energia elétrica é responsável pela emissão de gases de efeito estufa (GEE), dentre os quais o dióxido de carbono (CO2) é o mais expressivo. Este trabalho quantificou e analisou as emissões de CO2 associadas ao consumo de energia elétrica no Estado do Paraná no período 2010-2014. Dados do Anuário Brasileiro de Energia 2015 e de fatores de emissão do Sistema Interligado Nacional (SIN) foram empregados para os cálculos. Estimou-se as emissões em 2010 em 1,3 milhão de toneladas de CO2 equivalente (CO2e), a qual saltou para 4,1 milhões em 2014. Esse aumento expressivo se deve a três fatores: o aumento da população, do consumo per capita de eletricidade e do maior fator de emissão do SIN brasileiro no período devido ao uso mais intenso de fontes não renováveis na matriz elétrica. Concluiu-se que as emissões de CO2e associadas ao consumo de energia elétrica no Estado triplicaram em 5 anos e que há necessidade de reforçar a participação de energias renováveis para frear essa tendência nos próximos anos.
Poder Local, Regional e Redes Políticas da Família Annibelli, no Paraná (1944-2017)
Authors: Alves Alessandro Cavassin , Zimmer Juliano
Published: June 2017

O artigo a seguir tem por finalidade analisar sociologicamente três atores políticos da família Annibelli envolvidos no poder regional paranaense no período que vai de 1944 a 2017, presentes em Prefeitura, Secretarias de Estado, Assembleia Legislativa, Ministério Público e Governo, dessa forma construindo redes políticas. A pesquisa irá identificar a trajetória de vida de cada um deles, do ponto de vista geracional, do poder sendo passado de pai para filho e neto. A intenção é destacar as heranças familiares, associadas ao poder econômico da família em questão e partindo da hipótese de que os candidatos com maior potencial eleitoral pertencem a famílias históricas, pelo fato de lhes proporcionar vantagens sob os demais concorrentes. Ricardo Costa de Oliveira destaca a importância de se “mapear” as famílias e suas conexões políticas que acabam se perpetuando no poder, até para se compreender melhor a dinâmica eleitoral, tornando-se fonte de informação para a sociedade.
A Construção do Paraná "Europeu"
Authors: Micheleto Leonardo David
Published: June 2017

Esse trabalho consiste no estudo da construção do pensamento de que o Paraná é um estado “europeu”, pensamento este que muitas vezes se passa como realidade para parte da população paranaense, título até ostentado com orgulho para alguns. Mas como é construída essa realidade? Quem a constrói? Em busca dessas respostas, fomos atrás dos autores consagrados, literatos intelectuais por detrás dessa ideia. Os dois principais analisados são Nestor Vítor e Wilson Martins. Pesquisamos suas biografias e suas famílias, de modo a desvelar a que grupo social pertencem, para relacionarmos com o estilo de pensamento que perpretam, usando a metodologia de Ricardo Costa de Oliveira e de Karl Manheimm. Utilizamos o estudo de Stuart Hall para pensarmos como a construção de “comunidades imaginadas” e a “invenção das tradições” atuam na cultura não somente no nível nacional, mas também no regional, gerando uma nova relação com o “Outro” nessa tentativa de diferenciação.
De Estado a Civil: As políticas de relações matrimoniais da casa imperial do Brasil e sua legitimação sucessória (1843-1944)
Authors: Pausini Adel Igor Romanov
Published: June 2017

Em 1908 a renúncia do herdeiro do trono brasileiro segundo a Constituição de 1824 para casar fora do seio monárquico, torna-se o ponto inicial de sucessivas disputas de reconhecimento, anulação e legitimação de posições tradicionais e simbólicas em cenário republicano presidencialista. A política matrimonial se revela um indispensável instrumento na construção da rede de parentes, que confere relações, prestígio, legitimidade e poder, seja na condição régia ou após a sua queda. A situação cognática bilateral da Casa do Brasil se torna uma possibilidade em 1908, ainda que no campo simbólico, de modo que o período selecionado permite a clara visualização das rupturas e permanências na construção da política matrimonial na monarquia e na república. Partindo de fontes primárias como diários, cartas e bilhetes trocados no  âmbito familiar e oficial, bem como, contratos de casamento, declarações e convenções, são constituintes da pesquisa documental, acrescida e cruzada com consistente bibliografia, sustentamos a tese de que mesmo após a queda da monarquia poucas rupturas são verificadas na política de casamentos, permanecendo no entanto as tensões, conflitos e disputas sucessórias se não pela condição régia já inexistente, pela condição de chefe ou líder do simbolismo monárquico tradicional de uma linhagem, na condição francesa ou brasileira.
Construction of a Strategic Business Process Reengineering Model: Empirical Research on the After-sale Service Process of SH
Authors: Shia An-Shin , Chang Bau-Jung
Published: June 2017

For the past decade, business process reengineering (BPR) has gradually evolved from a revolutionary principle, which provided enterprises with methods to eliminate problems, into a set of management approaches for enterprises to face unpredictable and uncontrollable circumstances. This study puts forward an integrated model, strategic business process reengineering model,, which focuses on analysis of the three stages of BPR, and explores how BPR develops into competitive advantage with strategic basic factors – positioning, unique activities, trade-offs and fit. The authors undertake SH, a famous Taiwanese brand of small appliance, for case study and analysis. The research results show that the process reengineering activities held after strategic positioning should be improved through unique activities and trade-offs, such as technology-oriented, cross-departmental labor integration and trade-offs, cross-departmental rotation and talent cultivation, and cross-organizational support for channel manufacturers in their training of technicians. During the activities, mutual fit would lead to a set of behavior system, where construction plays an essential role, as it is difficult to imitate in competitive advantage.
ХӨВСГӨЛ АЙМГИЙН БООМЫН ГОЛОМТЫН МЭДЭЭЛЭЛ
Authors: Н Норов , Б Лхам , Ц Батболд , О Хурцбаатар , З Түвшинзаяа , Н Энхцэцэг , Ж Энхтуяа
Published: June 2017

Монгол улсад сүүлийн жилүүдэд боом өвчний гаралт, тархалт эрс нэмэгдэн, байгалийн голомтууд сэргэн идэвхжиж хүн, малын боомын тохиолдол улам нэмэгдсээр байна. Сүүлийн 20 гаруй жилд гэхэд л 18 аймгийн 94 суманд 1294 малын боом, 16 аймгийн 56 суманд 143 хүний боомын тохиолдол тус тус бүртгэгдсэн байна. 2010 оноос “Боом өвчинтэй тэмцэх сэргийлэх стратеги боловсруулах”-ын тулд хүн, малын боомын өвчлөлийн мэдээлэлийн сан бүрдүүлэх, боомын голомтын зураглал гаргах, боомын дэгдэлт болон голомтын идэвхжлийг байгалийн хүчин зүйл (цаг уурын мэдээ, уур амьсгалын өөрчлөлт, хөрсний бүтэц, байгалийн эсрэгбием) болон хүний хүчин зүйл (малын шилжилт хөдөлгөөн, уул уурхайн олборлолт, вакцинжуулалтын чанар, малчдын мэдлэг, зан үйл)-тэй харьцуулан тодорхойлох зэрэг ажлуудыг хийж байна. Боом өвчинтэй тэмцэх сэргийлэх ажлын хамгийн гол үндэс суурь нь боомын голомтыг газар зүйн байршлаар нарийвчлан гаргаж идэвхжлийг тогтоох явдал юм. Бид Монгол орны боомын голомтын зураглалыг GIS газар зүйн мэдээллийн санд суурилан аймаг тус бүрээр гаргах ажлыг 2010 оноос эхлүүлсэн бөгөөд Хэнтий аймгийн боомын голомтын зураглалыг бүрэн гаргаж Хөвсгөл аймгийн боомын голомтын зураглалыг гаргах ажлыг эхлүүлэн анхан шатны үр дүнг мэдээлж байна.
Rooted Cycle Bases
Authors: Eppstein David , McCarthy J. Michael , Parrish Brian
Published: June 2017

A cycle basis in an undirected graph is a minimal set of simple cycles whose symmetric differences include all Eulerian subgraphs of the given graph.
We define a rooted cycle basis to be a cycle basis in which all cycles contain a specified root edge, and we investigate the algorithmic problem of constructing rooted cycle bases. We show that a given graph has a rooted cycle basis if and only if the root edge belongs to its 2-core and the 2-core is 2-vertex-connected, and that constructing such a basis can be performed efficiently. We show that in an unweighted or positively weighted graph, it is possible to find the minimum weight rooted cycle basis in polynomial time. Additionally, we show that it is NP-complete to find a fundamental rooted cycle basis (a rooted cycle basis in which each cycle is formed by combining paths in a fixed spanning tree with a single additional edge) but that the problem can be solved by a fixed-parameter-tractable algorithm when parameterized by clique-width.
Usages des médias sociaux et pratiques informationnelles des jeunes Québécois : le cas de Facebook pendant la grève étudiante de 2012
Authors: Latzo-Toth Guillaume , Pastinelli Madeleine , Gallant Nicole
Published: June 2017

Le printemps 2012 a été marqué par une crise sociale majeure au Québec, suscitée par le conflit autour de la hausse des droits de scolarité. Divers observateurs ont suggéré que les plateformes du Web 2.0, également appelées « médias sociaux », auraient joué un rôle de premier plan dans cette crise. Facebook et Twitter, notamment, constituent une source et un outil de partage d’informations qui, sans remplacer les médias de masse, pourraient avoir contribué à transformer la façon dont les individus s’informent, discutent et se forgent une opinion. Cet article entreprend de documenter ces pratiques informationnelles émergentes selon une approche sociographique afin de mieux les comprendre et de déterminer dans quelle mesure elles sont circonstancielles ou bien révélatrices d’une évolution plus profonde. L’enquête repose sur une approche hybride, s’appuyant sur une série d’entretiens qualitatifs approfondis, menés auprès d’une trentaine de jeunes (étudiants et non-étudiants) âgés entre 18 et 25 ans durant la crise, combinés à la « visite commentée » des traces d’activité archivées dans leur historique Facebook. Cette étude a permis de montrer qu’en dépit de certains traits récurrents, les usages et représentations de la plateforme sont loin d’être homogènes au sein de ce groupe d’âge et reflètent les clivages sociaux qui continuent de traverser le Québec.
Cinéma, numérique et « multiécranicité » au Québec. Considérations empiriques et réflexives
Authors: Poirier Christian
Published: June 2017

Le champ cinématographique a connu durant les dernières années des transformations importantes, notamment sur le plan de la diffusion des films. Ces mutations technologiques doivent être bien comprises et, surtout, situées dans leurs contextes culturels, sociaux, économiques et politiques précis, tout en évitant toute forme de déterminisme technologique. Cet article entend explorer ces questions en discutant, sur le plan conceptuel, du cinéma à l’ère des plateformes numériques et de la « multiécranicité », concept qui permet, selon nous, de comprendre certaines évolutions à l’oeuvre. Des exemples empiriques sont proposés à partir du secteur du cinéma au Québec et de ses relations avec d’autres acteurs nationaux et internationaux.
Le rôle des normes comptables dans la responsabilité civile des auditeurs de sociétés
Authors: Bucheler Rémy
Published: June 2017

En tant que professionnels de la comptabilité, les comptables appliquent dans le cadre de leur activité des normes professionnelles de nature technique : les normes comptables. Celles-ci sont adoptées par des organismes privés et indépendants émanant de la profession. Nous interrogeons le rôle qu’exercent aujourd’hui ces normes dans le contexte juridique canadien dans un domaine bien particulier qui est le droit de la responsabilité civile. Nous cherchons à déterminer dans quelle mesure elles peuvent être utilisées en tant que normes de comportement au stade de l’analyse de la faute qu’auraient pu commettre des auditeurs dans le cadre d’une vérification d’états financiers de sociétés.

Suite à une analyse jurisprudentielle, nous remarquons que la violation ou le respect des normes comptables semble en pratique déterminant pour juger de la commission ou non d’une faute civile par un auditeur. Ce constat, qui semble à première vue être en contradiction avec l’état du droit canadien qui reconnaît un principe d’indépendance entre la faute civile (source de responsabilité) et la contravention à une norme externe, nous semble toutefois pouvoir être réconcilié avec ce concept dans le cadre d’un approfondissement de ses exceptions. Notre recherche nous conduit à proposer une extension de celles-ci au cas de la « norme de comportement utile et précise », une définition à laquelle nous semblent répondre les normes comptables.
Traitement par nanofiltration d’effluents aqueux polysiloxaniques : influence des matrices salines
Authors: Boedec Arthur , Albasi Claire , Grollemund Jacques , Dehan Cyril , Roux-De Balmann Hélène
Published: June 2017

Les siloxanes sont utilisés dans tous les domaines de l’industrie. Depuis quelques années, certains pays ont mis en place des règlements encadrant les rejets aqueux siloxaniques. Dans une perspective de développement durable, les industriels sont à la recherche de technologies de traitement pour maîtriser leurs rejets. La nanofiltration paraît particulièrement adaptée pour les caractéristiques de séparation qu’elle autorise en regard de la taille des molécules visées. Cet article présente donc une étude de la nanofiltration pour le traitement des effluents siloxaniques. Les filtrations sont réalisées en mode frontal avec des effluents représentatifs des rejets industriels, caractérisés par une salinité élevée. L’octaméthylcyclotétrasiloxane (D4), molécule de base de la chimie des silicones, est choisie comme composé cible de l’étude. Des études récentes ont montré une sensibilité importante des performances de la nanofiltration à la présence de sels. Ainsi, cette étude porte une attention particulière à cette problématique. Les résultats montrent effectivement une variation des performances d’épuration en fonction de la salinité. Une diminution de l’abattement en carbone organique total (COT) et de la rétention en D4est observée lorsque l’effluent est dilué. Les mêmes résultats ont été constatés lorsque la salinité de solutions diluées est augmentée.
Margines : traitement, valorisation dans la germination des graines de tomate et dans la filière de compostage
Authors: Rais Zakia , El Haji Mounia , Benabbou Mohammed , Majbar Zineb , Lahlou Kenza , Taleb Mustapha , Zaytouni Youness , Rheribi Rabie , Bouka Hassan , Nawdali Mostafa
Published: June 2017

Les margines présentent une source de pollution pour l’environnement, d’où la nécessité de leur traitement ou de leur valorisation. Ce travail propose le traitement des margines par électrocoagulation et leur valorisation, d’une part dans la germination des graines de tomate de la variété Campbell 33, et d’autre part dans l’humidification d’un compost. Les margines étudiées sont acides, de couleur noire, et elles portent une forte charge organique et minérale non biodégradable. Leur traitement par électrocoagulation a augmenté leur pH jusqu’à la neutralité et a nettement réduit l’intensité de leur couleur, qui s’est traduite par une diminution de leur charge polluante en matières minérale et organique. Les margines traitées ont agi très favorablement sur la germination des graines de tomate, quel que soit le taux de dilution. L’application des margines brutes inhibe cette activité. L’utilisation des margines dans l’humidification du compost a participé à la biodégradation aérobie de tous les substrats, comme indiqué par la mesure des paramètres physicochimiques en fonction du temps jusqu’à sa maturation au bout de 12 semaines.
Étude comparative de la rétention des sels monovalents par nanofiltration : application à une eau naturelle
Authors: Ramdani Amina , Deratani André , Taleb Safia
Published: June 2017

Nombreuses sont les personnes exposées à une concentration excessive de fluor dans l’eau qu'ils boivent. C’est le cas de la population vivant dans le sud algérien. L'excès de fluor provoque des affections invalidantes : la fluorose dentaire, la fluorose osseuse. L’objectif principal de ce travail est d’étudier l’effet de la pression et de la concentration des sels sur leur rétention par nanofiltration. Pour cela, nous avons déterminé les paramètres de performance de flux et de rétention vis-à-vis des solutés ioniques NaF, NaBr, NaCl et NaI par la membrane de nanofiltration NF 270. Cette présente étude examine aussi la défluoruration d’eaux saumâtres réelles du sud algérien. Des essais en nanofiltration ont montré que la rétention des anions se fait dans l’ordre suivant : F‑ > Cl‑ > Br‑ > I‑. La membrane NF 270 retient mieux les ions à une pression de 10 bar. Au-delà de cette dernière, la rétention des ions monovalents se stabilise aux différents pH étudiés puis diminue. À faible concentration (10‑3 M) la rétention limite des solutés étudiés est plus élevée qu’à plus forte concentration (10‑2 M). Il a été démontré que les ions fluorures peuvent être retenus sélectivement d’une eau naturelle saumâtre hyperfluorée à pH naturel à plus de 82 % en présence d'autres ions.
New insights into human primordial germ cells and early embryonic development from single‐cell analysis
Authors: Otte Jörg , Wruck Wasco , Adjaye James
Published: June 2017

Human preimplantation developmental studies are difficult to accomplish due to associated ethical and moral issues. Preimplantation cells are rare and exist only in transient cell states. From a single cell, it is very challenging to analyse the origination of the heterogeneity and complexity inherent to the human body. However, recent advances in single‐cell technology and data analysis have provided new insights into the process of early human development and germ cell specification. In this Review, we examine the latest single‐cell datasets of human preimplantation embryos and germ cell development, compare them to bulk cell analyses, and interpret their biological implications.
Hemispheric differences in the annual cycle of tropical lower stratosphere transport and tracers
Authors: Tweedy O. V. , Waugh D. W. , Stolarski R. S. , Oman L. D. , Randel W. J , Abalos M.
Published: June 2017

Transport in the tropical lower stratosphere plays a major role in determining the composition of the entire stratosphere. Previous studies that quantified the relative role of transport processes have generally assumed well‐mixed tropics and focused on tropical‐wide average characteristics. However, it has recently been shown that there is a hemispheric difference in the annual cycle of tropical lower stratosphere ozone and other tracers, with a larger amplitude in the northern tropics (NT) than in the southern tropics (ST). In this study, we examined the ability of chemistry climate models (CCMs) to reproduce the hemispheric differences in ozone (O3) and other tracers (i.e., hydrochloric acid, or HCl and nitrous oxide, or N2O), and then use the CCMs to examine the cause of these differences. Examination of CCM simulations from the CCMVal‐2 project shows that the majority of the CCMs produce the observed feature of a larger annual cycle in the NT than ST O3 and other tracers. However, only around a third of the models produce an ozone annual cycle similar to that observed. Transformed Eulerian Mean analysis of two of the CCMs shows that seasonality in vertical advection drives the seasonality in ST O3 and N2O while seasonality of horizontal mixing drives the seasonality in NT O3 and N2O, with a large increase in horizontal mixing during northern summer (associated with the Asian monsoon). Thus, latitudinal and longitudinal variations within the tropics have to be considered to fully understand the balance between transport processes in tropical lower stratosphere.
H
alanaeroarchaeum
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Yakimov Michael M. , Kublanov Ilya V. , Oren Aharon
Published: June 2017

Hal.an.ae.ro.ar.chae'um. Gr. n.
hals, halos
salt; Gr. pref.
an
not; Gr. n.
aer
,
aeros
air; N.L. neut. n.
archaeum
(from Gr. adj.
archaios
, ‐
e
, ‐
on
ancient) archaeon; N.L. neut. n.
Halanaeroarchaeum
anaerobic halophilic archaeon.

Euryarchaeota / Halobacteria / Halobacteriales / Halobacteriaceae / Halanaeroarchaeum

The genus
Halanaeroarchaeum
, classified within the family
Halobacteriaceae
; order
Halobacteriales
; and in the class
Halobacteria
, consists of obligately anaerobic extremely halophilic Archaea that grow by oxidation of acetate or pyruvate to CO
2
with elemental sulfur as the electron acceptor, representing a first example of such catabolism in the whole archaeal Kingdom. Strains have been isolated from sediments of various terrestial hypersaline chloride‐sulfate lakes and from hypersaline brine at 3105 m depth in the eastern Eastern Mediterranean. Currently, the genus consists of one species,
Halanaeroarchaeum sulfurireducens
(Sorokin et al., 2016a), the type species of the genus.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 62.8 (genome).

Type species
:
Halanaeroarchaeum sulfurireducens
Sorokin, Kublanov, Yakimov, Rijpstra and Sinninghe Damsté 2016, 2380
VP
.
Ultrastable Near‐Infrared Conjugated‐Polymer Nanoparticles for Dually Photoactive Tumor Inhibition
Authors: Yang Tao , Liu Ling , Deng Yibin , Guo Zhengqing , Zhang Guobing , Ge Zhishen , Ke Hengte , Chen Huabing
Published: June 2017

It is highly desired that satisfactory photoactive agents with ideal photophysical characteristics are explored for potent cancer phototherapeutics. Herein, bifunctional nanoparticles of low‐bandgap donor–acceptor (D–A)‐type conjugated‐polymer nanoparticles (CP‐NPs) are developed to afford a highly efficient singlet‐to‐triplet transition and photothermal conversion for near‐infrared (NIR) light‐induced photodynamic (PDT)/photothermal (PTT) treatment. CP‐NPs display remarkable NIR absorption with the peak at 782 nm, and perfect resistance to photobleaching. Photoexcited CP‐NPs undergo singlet‐to‐triplet intersystem crossing through charge transfer in the excited D–A system and simultaneous nonradiative decay from the electron‐deficient electron acceptor isoindigo derivative under single‐wavelength NIR light irradiation, leading to distinct singlet oxygen quantum yield and high photothermal conversion efficiency. Moreover, the CP‐NPs display effective cellular uptake and cytoplasmic translocation from lysosomes, as well as effective tumor accumulation, thus promoting severe light‐triggered damage caused by favorable reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and potent hyperthermia. Thus, CP‐NPs achieve photoactive cell damage through their photoconversion ability for synergistic PDT/PTT treatment with tumor ablation. The proof‐of‐concept design of D–A‐type conjugated‐polymer nanoparticles with ideal photophysical characteristics provides a general approach to afford potent photoactive cancer therapy.
3D Printing All‐Aromatic Polyimides using Mask‐Projection Stereolithography: Processing the Nonprocessable
Authors: Hegde Maruti , Meenakshisundaram Viswanath , Chartrain Nicholas , Sekhar Susheel , Tafti Danesh , Williams Christopher B. , Long Timothy E.
Published: June 2017

High‐performance, all‐aromatic, insoluble, engineering thermoplastic polyimides, such as pyromellitic dianhydride and 4,4′‐oxydianiline (PMDA–ODA) (Kapton), exhibit exceptional thermal stability (up to ≈600 °C) and mechanical properties (Young's modulus exceeding 2 GPa). However, their thermal resistance, which is a consequence of the all‐aromatic molecular structure, prohibits processing using conventional techniques. Previous reports describe an energy‐intensive sintering technique as an alternative technique for processing polyimides with limited resolution and part fidelity. This study demonstrates the unprecedented 3D printing of PMDA–ODA using mask‐projection stereolithography, and the preparation of high‐resolution 3D structures without sacrificing bulk material properties. Synthesis of a soluble precursor polymer containing photo‐crosslinkable acrylate groups enables light‐induced, chemical crosslinking for spatial control in the gel state. Postprinting thermal treatment transforms the crosslinked precursor polymer to PMDA–ODA. The dimensional shrinkage is isotropic, and postprocessing preserves geometric integrity. Furthermore, large‐area mask‐projection scanning stereolithography demonstrates the scalability of 3D structures. These unique high‐performance 3D structures offer potential in fields ranging from water filtration and gas separation to automotive and aerospace technologies.
27. Dresdner Brückenbausymposium
Authors: Stritzke Jürgen
Published: June 2017

Als Forum für richtungsweisende Ideen ist das Dresdner Brückenbausymposium fest an der TU Dresden etabliert – national und international. Diese renommierte Veranstaltung ist über 27 Jahre enorm gewachsen und so konnte Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Dr.‐Ing. E.h. Manfred Curbach auch diesmal über 1 400 Teilnehmer begrüßen, obwohl in diesem Jahr kein Deutscher Brückenbaupreis verliehen wurde.
Effect of Concomitant Birth Defects and Genetic Anomalies on Infant Mortality in Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Jernigan Eric G. , Strassle Paula D. , Stebbins Rebecca C. , Meyer Robert E. , Nelson Jennifer S.
Published: June 2017

Background

A substantial proportion of infants born with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) die in infancy. A better understanding of the heterogeneity associated with TOF, including extracardiac malformations and chromosomal anomalies is vital to stratifying risk and optimizing outcomes during infancy.

Methods

Using the North Carolina Birth Defects Monitoring Program, infants diagnosed with TOF and born between 2003 and 2012 were included. Kaplan‐Meier survival curves were used to estimate cumulative 1‐year mortality, stratified by the presence of concomitant birth defects (BDs) and chromosomal anomalies. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the direct effect of each concomitant BD, after adjusting for all others.

Results

A total of 496 infants with TOF were included, and 15% (n = 76) died. The number of concomitant BD systems was significantly associated with the risk of death at 1‐year, p < 0.0001. Specifically, the risk of mortality was 8% among infants with TOF with or without additional cardiac defects, 16% among infants with TOF and 1 extracardiac BD system, 19% among infants with 2 extracardiac BD systems, and 39% among infants with ≥ 3 extracardiac BD systems. After adjustment, concomitant eye and gastrointestinal defects were significantly associated increased with 1‐year mortality, odds ratio 2.83 (95% confidence interval, 1.08–7.32) and odds ratio 4.43 (95% confidence interval, 1.57, 12.45), respectively. Infants with trisomy 13 or trisomy 18 were also significantly more likely to die, p < 0.0001.

Conclusion

Both concomitant BDs and genetic anomalies increase the risk of mortality among infants with TOF. Future studies are needed to identify the underlying genetic and socioeconomic risk factors for high‐risk TOF infants. Birth Defects Research 109:1154–1165, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MiR‐375/SLC7A11 axis regulates oral squamous cell carcinoma proliferation and invasion
Authors: Wu Yadong , Sun Xiangjie , Song Bin , Qiu Xiaoling , Zhao Jianjiang
Published: June 2017

We aimed to detect the functions of miR‐375/SLC7A11 axis on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell proliferation and invasion. Expression levels of miR‐375 and SLC7A11 in OSCC tissues and cells were measured with RT‐qPCR and western blot. Targeting site was predicted by TargetScan and confirmed by dual luciferase reporting assay. By way of manipulating the expression level of miR‐375 and SLC7A11 in CAL‐27 and Tca8113 cell lines, the cell biological abilities were evaluated. MTT, colony formation, Transwell, wound healing assays and flow cytometry were used to detect OSCC cell viability, proliferation, invasion, migration and apoptosis, respectively. MiR‐375 was significantly downregulated in OSCC tissues and cells compared to adjacent tissue and normal oral cell line respectively while SLC7A11 was upregulated. Targeting relationship was verified by luciferase reporting assay, and miR‐375 could effectively suppress SLC7A11 level in OSCC cells. Replenishing of miR‐375 significantly repressed OSCC cell viability, proliferation, invasion and migration and induced cell apoptosis and G1/G0 arrest. Overexpression of SLC7A11 recovered those biological abilities in miR‐375 upregulated cells. Collective data suggested that miR‐375 served as a tumor suppressor via regulating SLC7A11. Replenishing of miR‐375 or knockout of SLC7A11 could be therapeutically exploited.
Bistable Solid‐State Fluorescence Switching in Photoluminescent, Infinite Coordination Polymers
Authors: Kim Jincheol , You Youngmin , Yoon Seong‐Jun , Kim Jong H. , Kang Boseok , Park Sang Kyu , Whang Dong Ryeol , Seo Jangwon , Cho Kilwon , Park Soo Young
Published: June 2017

Photo‐functional infinite coordinated polymers (ICPs) were synthesized that consist of the photochromic dithienylethene (DTE) and a luminescent bridging unit to give enhanced fluorescence in the solid state. We could fabricate well‐ordered micropatterns of these ICPs by a soft‐lithographic method, which repeatedly showed high contrast on–off fluorescence switching.
Rapid Exfoliation and Surface Tailoring of Perovskite Nanosheets via Microwave‐Assisted Reactions
Authors: Akbarian‐Tefaghi Sara , Rostamzadeh Taha , Brown Treva T. , Davis‐Wheeler Clare , Wiley John B.
Published: June 2017

A facile method for the exfoliation of layered oxide perovskites as well as surface modification of generated oxide nanosheets has been developed. Using rapid microwave‐assisted reactions, nanosheets from Dion‐Jacobson‐type perovskites were obtained and then subsequently functionalized with a variety of organics containing hydroxyl or amine groups. Initially, oxide nanosheets with tetra(n‐butyl)ammonium (TBA+) surface groups are produced in as little as 1 h from bulk HLnNb2O7 (Ln=La, Pr) perovskites. The TBA+ surface groups of these nanosheets can then be replaced with a variety of n‐alkyl alkoxy and n‐alkylammonium groups via fast microwave reactions (≤1 h). Beyond these simple n‐alkyl surface groups, nanosheets can also be produced with both saturated and unsaturated cyclic and linear alcohols. This synthetic approach appears widely applicable such that any saturated/unsaturated organic with hydroxyl or amine functional groups can be attached to oxide nanosheets. The rapid production of organic‐inorganic nanosheets coupled with controlled surface modification is of great significance for engineering functional composite materials with novel properties.
Carbocyclic C‐C Bond Formation: Intramolecular Radical Ring Closure to Yield Diastereomerically Pure (7′S‐Me‐ or 7′R‐Me‐) Carba‐LNA Nucleotide Analogs
Authors: Plashkevych Oleksandr , Upadhayaya Ram Shankar , Chattopadhyaya Jyoti
Published: June 2017

In light of the impressive gene‐silencing properties of carba‐LNA modified oligo DNA and RNA, both in antisense RNA and siRNA approaches, which have been confirmed as proof‐of‐concept for biochemical applications in post‐transcriptional gene silencing, we envision the true potential of carba‐LNA modifications to be revealed soon. Herein we provide detailed protocols for synthesis of carba‐LNA‐A, ‐G, ‐5‐MeC, and ‐T nucleosides on a medium/large scale (gram scale), as well as important guidelines for incorporation of these modified carba‐LNAs into DNA or RNA oligonucleotides. Creation of a stereoselective C‐C bond during the 5‐exo radical intramolecular cyclization involves trapping of a C2′ radical intermediate intramolecularly by the vicinal double bond of a C4′‐tethered ─CH2‐CH═CH2 group. All diastereomers of substituted carba‐LNAs are now available in pure form. The present procedure allows carba‐LNA to be commercialized for medicinal or biotechnological purposes. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Quantification of Grass Colonization by Associative Bacteria
Authors: Balsanelli Eduardo , de Oliveira Pedrosa Fábio , de Souza Emanuel Maltempi
Published: June 2017

There is a growing interest in the use of plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria to improve crop productivity as a partial substitute for nitrogen fertilizer. Bacteria‐colonizing plants may be epiphytic or endophytic. This article describes reproducible protocols to quantify the level of colonization in each plant compartment. The protocols were developed using several cereal crops such as maize, rice, sorghum, and wheat. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
An Extraction Method of Causality Patterns between Situation and Human Action with Delay Time for Statistical Modeling of Human Action
Authors: HASHIMOTO KOHJIRO , DOKI KAE , DOKI SHINJI
Published: June 2017

A modeling approach for human action is the focus of this paper. We design a human action model based on the stored data obtained during long‐term monitoring of a person. This approach consists of the following two processes. First, several kinds of partial time series data that occur frequently are extracted from the stored data and taken to be human action patterns. Next, the extracted time series data are modeled based on a statistical modeling method such as the hidden Markov model. In this research, we focus on the extraction method for the time series data that occur frequently in the stored data. A person changes his actions according to changes in the situation around him. Moreover, it takes some time for him to perform his action after he recognizes the situation around himself. This time is called the delay time in this paper. A human action model that takes this delay time into consideration leads to greater accuracy in recognition and prediction of human actions based on that action. It is necessary to extract time series data for a situation and an action with the delay time as training data in order to generate the above human action model. In conventional methods, multidimensional time series data are used as the stored data without a distinction between the situation and action data. Also, some partial time series data that occur frequently are extracted from the stored data. Therefore, the delay time is not taken into account. In this paper, we propose a new extraction method for time series data that occur frequently with the time delay taken into consideration. In this method, sets of partial time series data that occur frequently with the delay time are extracted by evaluating the repeatability and similarity between the partial time series data sets with different occurrence frequencies. In the experiment, we extract the interaction motions that occur frequently between two subjects. The utility of the proposed method is examined based on the experimental results.
A survey and taxonomy on nonorthogonal multiple‐access schemes for 5G networks
Authors: Basharat Mehak , Ejaz Waleed , Naeem Muhammad , Khattak Asad Masood , Anpalagan Alagan
Published: June 2017

The intensity in the requirements of Internet of Things and mobile internet makes the efficiency of fifth‐generation (5G) wireless communications very challenging to achieve. Accomplishing the drastically increasing demand of massive connectivity and high spectral efficiency is a strenuous task. Because of the very large number of devices, 5G wireless communication systems are inevitable to satisfy the traffic requirements. Recently, nonorthogonal multiple‐access (NOMA) schemes are immensely being explored to address the challenges in 5G, which include effective bandwidth utilization, support for a massive number of devices, and low latency. This paper provides the reader with a holistic view of multiple‐access schemes, methods, and strategies for optimization in NOMA. First, we discuss the taxonomy of multiple‐access schemes in the literature; then, we provide a detailed discussion of objectives, constraints, problem types, and solution approaches for NOMA. This paper also discusses the decoding methods and key performance indicators used in NOMA. Finally, we outline future research directions.
Current “Corridor Valuation” Practices Misleading for Transmission Rights‐of‐Way
Authors: Schmick John
Published: June 2017

There has been a rising tide of questions about the validity of current corridor valuation practices.
Intravenous and Intracavitary Use of Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound in the Evaluation and Management of Complicated Pediatric Pneumonia
Authors: Deganello Annamaria , Rafailidis Vasileios , Sellars Maria E. , Ntoulia Aikaterini , Kalogerakou Kleanthi , Ruiz Gary , Cosgrove David O. , Sidhu Paul S.
Published: June 2017

Pediatric pneumonia can be complicated by necrotizing pneumonia or a parapneumonic effusion either in the form of an empyema or a clear effusion. Ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography represent well‐established modalities for evaluation of complicated pediatric pneumonia. Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) was recently introduced and is gaining increasing acceptance in pediatric imaging. In this case series, we present our initial experience with both intravenous and intracavitary use of CEUS in children with complicated pneumonia. Intravenous CEUS accurately and confidently showed necrotizing pneumonia and delineated pleural effusions, whereas intracavitary CEUS accurately identified the chest catheter location and patency and showed the presence of loculations, suggesting the use of fibrinolytics.
Periodic solutions of neutral fractional differential equations
Authors: Henríquez Hernán R. , Poblete Verónica
Published: June 2017

We characterize the existence of periodic solutions for some abstract neutral functional fractional differential equations with finite delay when the underlying space is a UMD space.
Episodic Ataxia Type 1 (K‐channelopathy) Manifesting as Paroxysmal Nonkinesogenic Dyskinesia: Expanding the Phenotype
Authors: Set Kallol K. , Ghosh Debabrata , Huq A.H.M. , Luat Aimee F.
Published: June 2017

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Spatial patterns of international migrant resident settlement and incorporation in Winnipeg Manitoba
Authors: Simpson Sheryl‐Ann
Published: June 2017

Comparing the settlement patterns of two cohorts of international movers (2001–2006 and 2010–2011) in Winnipeg, Manitoba, highlights the relationships between the settlement choices and actions of immigrant residents, and the economic, social, and built environmental conditions in place. Data from the Canadian census are analyzed through a spatial lag negative binomial regression model with results interpreted through a relational incorporation framework. Findings raise doubts about the connection between spatial concentration and social isolation, and complicate the idea of migrant resident housing trajectories as progressive and linear. In addition to the influence of formal state and nongovernmental supports, the interactions between the formal and informal also play an important role in settlement patterns in Winnipeg. Concentrated settlement is found to be persistent for both cohorts, alongside a persistent positive relationship between percent visible minority resident and settlement. The spatial patterns in the case suggest that settling near co‐ethnic and co‐national residents could be an important informal strategy to reduce the costs of migration and settlement. Additionally, the results suggest that multifamily households are an informal strategy to address failures in the more formalized employment and housing markets. The continued importance of multifamily households for the earlier 2001–2006 cohort additionally suggests the need to pay attention to the possibility of a type of second settlement that begins after initial formal housing supports expire. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exposure of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Vascular Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells in Coculture to Hemodynamics Induces Primary Vascular Cell-Like Phenotypes
Authors: Collado Maria S. , Cole Banumathi K. , Figler Robert A. , Lawson Mark , Manka David , Simmers Michael B. , Hoang Steve , Serrano Felipe , Blackman Brett R. , Sinha Sanjay , Wamhoff Brian R.
Published: June 2017

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be differentiated into vascular endothelial (iEC) and smooth muscle (iSMC) cells. However, because iECs and iSMCs are not derived from an intact blood vessel, they represent an immature phenotype. Hemodynamics and heterotypic cell:cell communication play important roles in vascular cell phenotypic modulation. Here we tested the hypothesis that hemodynamic exposure of iECs in coculture with iSMCs induces an in vivo-like phenotype. iECs and iSMCs were cocultured under vascular region-specific blood flow hemodynamics, and compared to hemodynamic cocultures of blood vessel-derived endothelial (pEC) and smooth muscle (pSMC) cells. Hemodynamic flow-induced gene expression positively correlated between pECs and iECs as well as pSMCs and iSMCs. While endothelial nitric oxide synthase 3 protein was lower in iECs than pECs, iECs were functionally mature as seen by acetylated-low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake. SMC contractile protein markers were also positively correlated between pSMCs and iSMCs. Exposure of iECs and pECs to atheroprone hemodynamics with oxidized-LDL induced an inflammatory response in both. Dysfunction of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) pathway is seen in several vascular diseases, and iECs and iSMCs exhibited a transcriptomic prolife similar to pECs and pSMCs, respectively, in their responses to LY2109761-mediated transforming growth factor β receptor I/II (TGFβRI/II) inhibition. Although there are differences between ECs and SMCs derived from iPSCs versus blood vessels, hemodynamic coculture restores a high degree of similarity in their responses to pathological stimuli associated with vascular diseases. Thus, iPSC-derived vascular cells exposed to hemodynamics may provide a viable system for modeling rare vascular diseases and testing new therapeutic approaches. Stem Cells Translational Medicine  2017;6:1673–1683