bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Communicative and Senior Content of Legal Documents
Authors: Selendili L.S.
Published: October 2022

The article considers the communicative and semantic content of a legal document. The purpose of the study: to determine whether the expression from clause X of the specified contract means "Termination of the contract is possible if the Lessee significantly violates the terms of this Agreement and by a court decision" termination of the contract if two conditions of "material violation" and "court decision" or one of the above conditions are met. To achieve this goal, a number of practical tasks have been solved related to the description of the lexico-grammatical compatibility of the word "perhaps" and the compositional union "and", taking into account the lexical and semantic, syntactic and functional features of the constructs of the sentence under consideration. The study was carried out by methods of description, observation, continuous sampling and is based on the method of contextual explication of conceptual-semantic and logical connections, which includes the analysis of the communicative-semantic (logical-conceptual) content of the utterance by correlating the studied.
The Creative Legacy of Ivan Sergeevich Shmelev: the Writer's Archive in the Russian State Library
Authors: Vishnevskaya E.E.
Published: October 2022

The article is devoted to the history of the formation of the personal archive of the famous Russian writer Ivan Sergeyevich Shmelev (1873-1950), stored in the Department of Manuscripts of the Russian State Library (RSL). The composition of the fund is disclosed, its most important sections are listed. Through the main events of I.S. Shmelev's life, his creative path is shown, works written in the period 1894 — early 1920s, i.e. the time of I.S. Shmelev's life in Russia before emigration, draft autographs stored in the archive in several editions are presented. The sections of the fund, including articles, notebooks, sketches and excerpts of unidentified works, were analyzed, the correspondence of the writer, the materials of S.I. Shmelev, his son, as well as various materials of the 1925-1940s, documents related to the memory of the writer were studied. Individual materials of I.S. Shmelev, stored in other funds of the RSL, are reflected.
Comparative Analysis of Speech Behavior Stereotypes in the Speech of Children and Adults
Authors: Dedova О.M. , Kornev V.A.
Published: October 2022

Stereotyped lexical units are presented to the recipient as carriers of some relatively stable connotative, emotional and evaluative motivation. The achievement of the desired effect is explained, in particular, by the fact that the communication process, as a rule, occurs in non-verbal activity, and the personal meaning is also assimilated by the individual within the framework of non-verbal activity. The effectiveness of the influence of the stereotype on the consciousness of the individual is due to the explicitly expressed emotionality present in it. Figurative comparisons, rhyme, alliteration, and elements of conversational style act as factors that enhance the emotionality of stereotypes. The emergence of stereotypes is also associated with ethnopsycholinguistic factors. The reasons for the appearance of stereotypes in children's speech and in the speech of adults are directly opposite. In adult speech, the use of the name of a specific situation in place of the name of abstract semantics is permissible due to the existence of some ready-made schemes, since both the speaker and the listener possess a mechanism for determining the generality of class indicators, systematizing them, including them in the designation paradigm. In a child, the use of an utterance to denote an entire situation marks the process of building a paradigm of designation, the development of class indicators and their generalization. Therefore, conversational stereotypes are more widespread in the speech of adults than in the speech of children.
The Problem of Distinctive Sign in Phonological Description of Spanish Language Consonance Subsystem
Authors: Murashkina O.V.
Published: October 2022

The aim of this work is to analyse the teaching situation of Oral Standard Spanish. First, the indications on pronunciation present in the official and unofficial normative documents, as well as in the descriptive publications are revised. Secondly, it is presented the utility of applying this knowledge to the teaching of phonetics and to the teaching and correction of pronunciation as a part of the oral expression. In third place, the contexts in which it is necessary a good command of pronunciation are presented, and the available materials to achieve this goal are also examined.
The Methodology for Identification of Confidence in the Organization
Authors: Bazarov T.Y. , Karieva N.T.
Published: October 2022

Objective. Development and initial testing of a methodology for identifying beliefs about trust in an organization.Background. Today, the issue of increasing the efficiency of the organization and its competitiveness is becoming more and more urgent. One of the key factors influencing internal organizational processes is trust in the organization. In this regard, it is important to develop new tools that will help to identify ideas about trust in the organization and to study the nature of this phenomenon more deeply.Study design. The research was carried out using a socio-psychological survey.Participants. The study involved 200 respondents, of whom 78 are men and 122 women aged 18 to 50 years, with experience in various government and commercial organizations.Measurements. For data processing and analysis, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, Mann-Whitney test and correlation analysis were used. The SPSS 15.0 software was used to process the data.Results. As a result of testing the methodology for psychometric indicators on the scale of “performance”, “decency” and “concern for others”, points were identified that did not work on their scale. It was decided to remove these items from the methodology. After removing items, the correlation of which with the scale was less than +0.1, the reliability indicator of the Performance scale became 0.682, the Decency scale — 0.638, and the Caring for others scale — 0.783, which indicates a sufficient level of reliability-consistency for personal questionnaires. The substantive validity of the questionnaire is achieved by drawing up question formulations in accordance with the theoretically identified characteristics of the three imperatives of trust in the organization in the concept of Robert Shaw. The validity of the gender questionnaire was confirmed by the presence of differences in the perception of the “caring for others” component of trust between men and women.Conclusions. The scales of the methodology developed by us have a high level of reliability and consistency. Statistical data indicate the advisability of reformulating some of the statements for further improving the tool, eliminating the secondary meanings of the paragraph. There was some evidence of the validity of the methodology by gender, indicating the ability of the instrument to differentiate objectively existing differences.
A Systematic Review of the Photoprotective Potential of Native Edible Plants from Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Authors: De Castro Thiago Luis Aguayo , Pinto Gleice Americo do Carmo , Cardoso Claudia Andrea Lima
Published: October 2022

The state of Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil) has a rich biodiversity, with varied biomes and many native species. Simultaneously, the plants in the region have been studied for their chemical and biological potential, including photoprotective properties and applications in phytocosmetics. Edible plants have potential application based on the presence of photoprotective and antioxidant compounds in their chemical composition. In this context, the aim was to review systematically studies on the photoprotective action of native food plants from Mato Grosso do Sul in the Scopus database, delimiting for articles published between 2000 and 2020. Only 4.08% of the species presented articles exploring the photoprotective activity, distributed in 10 articles. The extracts evaluated were varied, with different formulations. 40% of the articles addressed ethanolic extracts, 20% hydroethanolic extracts, and 40% vegetable fixed oil. The lowest sun protection factor reported was for the aqueous extract of the fruit pulp of Hymenaea martian Hayne (SPF 0.66) and the highest was for a formulation using Schinus terebinthifolius Radi extracts added to Lanette cream (SPF 32.40). The native food plants of Mato Grosso do Sul are still little explored regarding their photoprotective action, with a lack of in vivo studies.
The Questions of Transaction-Contract Approach Application to Economic Institutions Assessment
Authors:   Siberian federal university, Tanenkova Ekaterina N.
Published: October 2022

The article is devoted to the opportunities of author’s transaction-contract approach application. The approach assumes that direct assessment can be done by structural elements with transformation of individual efforts of economic agents in collective efforts based on change of transactions and transformations in contract as an institutional agreement. In contract relations economic agents make efforts (in contract theory terminology) for product transformation as well as transaction efforts, which in series replaces each other. All the efforts can be assessed by costs and benefits, which economic agents gain as a result of economic relations. In the article it is discussed the questions of theoretical and practical application of transaction-contract approach to analysis of different economic spheres. Economic spheres can be divided based on the proportions of transaction and transformation on every stage of production process. The author refers to transaction sphere production processes in which the share of transaction efforts exceeds the share of transformation efforts. It means that the growth of total product is largely due to the transactional component. The author discusses the possibilities of using the approach to the research of transactional and transformational types of the production process, where, as an example, are given, among other questions, the possibilities of analysis of merit goods production, as well as examples of research and modeling of opportunistic behavior at the intra-company level.
Alternative Theories of Economic Growth
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Yurevich Maksim A.
Published: October 2022

All new global economic crises, as well as those of national economies, are challenging the dominant growth paradigm. The antagonists of this concept draw attention to the multiple vulnerabilities of modern economic systems, the perverse nature of "consumption economics", and the rapidly increasing environmental damage that arises mainly from careless use of natural resources and the frenzied pursuit of increased production capacity. These and other problems raised questions about the relevance of the economic growth rate as the main measure of development of a country or civilisation as a whole, about the adequacy of the perception of GDP as a system-forming indicator, and the relationship between economic growth and an increase in the well-being of a nation. As a result, a number of alternative theories of economic development were developed by the global scientific community: a-growth, de-growth, zero-growth, green growth, and post-growth. Despite many individual differences, all of them have turned out to be very similar in their essence: abandon the fetishism of GDP growth rates, make every possible effort to minimize environmental damage, accumulate social capital and improve the well-being of the population. Although each of the alternative theories is, to varying degrees, utopian, as evidenced by the consistent criticism of the proponents of classical growth theory, their ideas are gradually being reflected in the public policies of predominantly developed countries and are gaining increasing support among citizens.
“Positive Agency Theory” in Explaining Social and Labor Relations in The Academic Sphere
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Skachkova Lyudmila S. , Kostenko Elena P. ,   Southern Federal University, Gozalova Anna V. ,   Southern Federal University
Published: October 2022

In this article, the authors propose to consider the possibility of using the “positive agency theory” to explain the mechanism of decision-making by key subjects of social and labor relations using cases of the academic sphere. The interest of the authors in the academic field is due to the development of research in the field of increasing the efficiency of the return on the use of human capital in modern Russian universities. In the first part of the article, the authors consider the main approaches to the analysis of the essence of social and labor relations and, on this basis, offer its comprehensive definition. The central place in the article is devoted to the comparison of “normative agency theory (principal-agent)” and “positive agency theory”; highlighting the features of the positive theory of agency relations and substantiating with its help the process of choosing by the subjects of social and labor relations of one or another type of contracts. The authors pay considerable attention to the characteristics of the factors influencing the choice of the preferred type of contracts – contracts based on behavior, or contracts based on results. Enrichment of the theoretical and methodological apparatus that explains the formation and development of social and labor relations not only with the help of traditional approaches, but also through the achievements of the “positive agency theory”, allows a deeper analysis of the possible causes of inefficient behavior of academic workers in the changing and multitasking environment for the development of modern universities.
Drying Process of Hackberry (Celtis australis L.): Exergy Energy, Energy Efficiency, Heat-Mass Transfers, Thermodynamic Analysis, Effective Diffusion-Activation Energy, Modeling and Color Quality
Authors: TAŞOVA Muhammed
Published: October 2022

The hackberry fruit, which is consumed both as animal feed and as a snack, is a very rich species in terms of nutritional values. In particular, Na, K, P, Ca, Mg, Mn and Zn substances are abundant. If it is used as animal feed, it must be dried for safe storage throughout the year. Energy parameters are important for the drying industry. In this study, drying kinetics (drying rates, modelling, effective diffusion-activation energy), exergy energy, energy efficiency, thermodynamics, heat-mass transfers and color quality analyzes of the drying process of hackberry fruit dried at 50, 60 and 70 ºC were investigated. It has been found that the drying temperatures have a significant effect on the specified parameters. While the effective diffusion values of the hackberry fruit ranged between 3.42 x10-9-1.56x10-8 m2.s-1, the activation energy was calculated as 69.36 kJ.mol-1. When the dried samples were examined in terms of chroma and total color change parameters, it was determined that 60 ºC temperature was more suitable. It has been determined that Exin value varies between 0.183-0.531 J.s-1, Exout value varies between 0.162-0.486 J.s-1 and evaporation exergy energy varies between 5.240-8.627 J.s-1 according to drying temperatures. It was determined that the mass and heat transfer values of the hackberry fruit drying process varied between 1.93-5.32x10-7 m.s-1 and 4.271-4.202x10-13 W.m-2.ºK, respectively. The uncertainty analysis value of the drying process was calculated as 1.628. It was determined that the enthalpy, enetroi and gibbs free energy values of the drying processes varied between 2.56-2.72 kJ.mol-1, 0.63-0.93 kJ.mol-1 and gibbs free energy values between 2264.03-2431.84 kJ.mol-1, respectively.
Experiencia y poiesis
Authors: Ávila Serrano Liliana
Published: October 2022

El propósito de este artículo es mostrar cómo se logró la comprensión de las condiciones que posibilitaron la formación de la subjetividad y la apropiación poética del mundo en un grupo de estudiantes a partir del fenómeno literario. Para lograrlo, la investigación se instaló en el método cualitativo, con un carácter descriptivo-interpretativo y empleando un diseño sustentado en la fenomenología hermenéutica. La población estuvo constituida por un grupo de 147 estudiantes de educación media de una institución pública, con edades entre los 15 y los 18 años. Las actividades de recolección de material vivencial fueron la observación directa, la escritura anecdótica y la entrevista, desplegadas en un recurso pedagógico innovador denominado experiencias poéticas. Los resultados más notables dan cuenta de efectos de formación tanto en la profesora-investigadora como en los estudiantes participantes. La reafirmación del fenómeno literario como un aspecto valioso para la formación fue posible gracias al enfoque fenomenológico hermenéutico de esta investigación, puesto que permitió ver el sentido del texto como no fijado o acabado, sino abierto para que el lector constituya su sentido, al tiempo que se constituye en él y se apropia del mundo.
Inteligencia Emocional y Deporte Competitivo
Authors: Galvis Leal Pedro
Published: October 2022

Se realizó un estudio para comparar el Coeficiente Emocional (EQ) y sus Escalas Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, Manejo del Estrés y Adaptabilidad, en deportistas adolescentes federados y adolescentes no deportistas. Para ello se aplicó a una muestra de 346 sujetos (172 deportistas y 174 no deportistas), con una media de 14,6 años, el test de Coeficiente de inteligencia Emocional. Adicionalmente, a los sujetos deportistas se les administró el cuestionario de clima motivacional percibido PMCSQ, para determinar su orientación al ego o a la tarea. Los datos hallados mediante la prueba estadística T de Student indican una diferencia significativa en el Coeficiente Emocional entre deportistas de competencia y no deportistas (p=000). Además, en el test de Wilcoxon para comparación de medianas en datos no paramétricos relacionados, se halló un valor p=, 000, que indica que el grupo de deportistas identificó un clima motivacional más fuertemente orientado a la tarea (X=84,2) que al ego (X= 47,9). Finalmente, correlacionó de forma moderada el clima motivacional con orientación a la tarea con el EQ en los sujetos deportistas (p=,000).
The Pharmacokinetics of Drug Delivery to the Upper Nasal Space: A Review of INP105 Development
Authors: Shrewsbury Stephen , Davies Greg , McConnachie Lisa , Hoekman John
Published: October 2022

Nasal drug delivery presents a potential opportunity for achieving rapid, extensive drug absorption via a nonoral route by 1) avoiding degradation within the gastrointestinal tract and first-pass metabolism in the liver and 2) facilitating faster onset via rapid absorption into the bloodstream. However, the site of drug deposition within the nasal cavity may impact drug pharmacokinetics. Precision Olfactory Delivery (POD®) by Impel Pharmaceuticals Inc. is a new technology that provides handheld, manually actuated, propellant-powered drug delivery to the upper nasal space for rapid and efficient absorption. Rapid onset of effect can be a major advantage in many clinical applications where quick and effective administration is needed (eg, alleviating agitation in emergency settings or reducing debilitating migraine symptoms). Here, we review the pharmacokinetic profile of INP105, which is being developed to deliver olanzapine (OLZ) by POD to treat agitation in patients with autism. Because formulation can play a large role in the pharmacokinetic profile of a nasally administered drug, we provide a comprehensive review of both published and previously unpublished preclinical data outlining how the INP105 formulation was developed and optimized for study in humans. Multiple formulation carriers and excipients were tested to find a stable INP105 formulation with a desirable nasal absorption profile. Because the nasal architecture in nonhuman primates (NHPs) is similar to humans, the pharmacokinetics and tolerability of an INP105 combination product (NHP-INP105) using a clinical formulation combined with a device specifically designed for NHPs has been investigated in preclinical NHP studies, providing translational data for human studies and the pathway for testing novel products and formulations. The pharmacokinetics and tolerability of INP105 were then evaluated in an early clinical study in humans, demonstrating favorable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles. In this review, we aim to illustrate how delivery of therapeutics to the upper nasal space using POD, such as with agents like INP105, has the potential to optimize nasal delivery and unlock the potential of delivery-limited drugs to provide patients with rapid onset of effect, ease of use, and convenience.
The Apportionment of Pharmacogenomic Variation: Race, Ethnicity, and Adverse Drug Reactions
Authors: Jordan I , Sharma Shivam , Nagar Shashwat , Mariño-Ramírez Leonardo
Published: October 2022

Fifty years ago, Richard Lewontin found that the vast majority of human genetic variation falls within (~85%) rather than between (~15%) racial groups. This result has been replicated numerous times since and is widely taken to support the notion that genetic differences between racial groups are trivial and thus irrelevant for clinical decision-making. The aim of this study was to consider how the apportionment of pharmacogenomic variation within and between racial and ethnic groups relates to risk disparities for adverse drug reactions. We confirmed that the majority of pharmacogenomic variation falls within (97.3%) rather than between (2.78%) the three largest racial and ethnic groups in the United States: Black, Hispanic, and White. Nevertheless, pharmacogenomic variants showing far greater within than between-group variation can have high predictive value for adverse drug reactions, particularly for minority racial and ethnic groups. We predicted excess adverse drug reactions for minority Black and Hispanic groups, compared to the majority White group, and considered these results in light of the apportionment of genetic variation within and between groups. For 85% within and 15% between group variation, there are 700 excess adverse drug reactions per 1,000 patients predicted for a recessive effect model and 300 for a dominant model. We found high numbers of predicted Black and Hispanic excess adverse drug reactions for widely prescribed platinum chemotherapy compounds, such as cisplatin and oxaliplatin, as well as controlled narcotics, including fentanyl and tramadol. Our results indicate that race and ethnicity, while imprecise proxies for genetic diversity, correlate with patterns of pharmacogenomic variation in a way that is clearly relevant to medical treatment decisions. The effects of this variation is particularly pronounced for Black and Hispanic minority groups, owing to genetic differences from the majority White group. Treatment decisions that are made based on (assumed) White pharmacogenomic variant frequencies can be harmful for minority groups. Ignoring clinically relevant genetic differences among racial and ethnic groups, however well-intentioned, will exacerbate rather than ameliorate health disparities.
Is Serum Creatine Phosphokinase Level Useful to Predict the Severity of Organophosphate Poisoning?
Authors: Biswas Subrata , Ghosh Ritwik , Mandal Arpan , Lapeña José , Roy Dipayan , Benito-León Julián
Published: October 2022

Background and aim: Organophosphate poisoning is a global health burden due to intentional and occupational exposure, particularly in Asian countries. Patients are usually monitored through serum acetylcholinesterase levels. Still, it is non-specific, does not correlate well with the severity of poisoning, and is not widely available in laboratory settings in developing countries. This study aims to assess serum baseline creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels as a prognostic biomarker in acute organophosphate poisoning. Materials and methods: We recruited all patients older than 12 years who were admitted to the wards of the Indoor Medicine Ward in Burdwan Medical College and Hospital in West Bengal (India) because of ingestion or inhalation of organophosphorus compounds within the previous 12 hours between May 1, 2019, and November 1, 2020. Clinical severity was categorized according to Peradeniya organophosphorus poisoning (POP) scale. Serum CPK, pseudocholinesterase levels, and pH were measured. Levels were re-assessed on days three and seven, and patients were followed-up until death or discharge. Results: 100 patients (68 men and 32 women) were included in the study. Most of them presented with miosis (98%), followed by abdominal pain (96%), diarrhea (78%), and vomiting (52%). In the multivariate analysis, the patients with a higher risk of being intubated were younger. Of the analytical levels, the one that showed a better relationship with the risk of intubation was the pseudocholinesterase level, although without statistical significance. Initial CPK levels, time of admission, or stratification on the POP severity scale offered poor performance after adjustment. Conclusion: The analytical values of CPK or the POP severity scale at the time the patient presents in the emergency room have limited value to predict the final severity of the picture. The amount of the poison consumed should be collected for future studies to elucidate these differences.
Development of first Generation COVID-19 Vaccines: State-of the-Art Technologies and future Implications!
Authors: Mweetwa Larry , Tlhoiwe Derrick , Tlhoiwe Tumelo , Tshiamo Kabo , Munsaka Sody , Mothibe Getrude , Mokate Ogorogile , Oluwabusola Emmanuel
Published: October 2022

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or Coronavirus was initially detected in Wuhan China in December 2019 and has subsequently resulted in the COVID-19 pandemic. The disease presents asymptomatically in some of individuals yet also causes symptoms ranging from those associated with influenza and pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and even death. The world is currently relying on physical (social) distancing, hygiene and repurposed medicines; however, it was predicted that an effective vaccine will be necessary to ensure comprehensive protection against COVID-19. There was a global effort to develop an effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 with approximately 300 vaccines in clinical trials, and over 200 more in different stages of development and anticipated that their success will change research clinical trials processes. Although every one of these vaccines comes with its own particular set of characteristics and difficulties, they were all developed as a direct result of research and development efforts that were carried out on a scale that had never been seen before. It is the first time in the history of vaccination that a worldwide immunization campaign has begun during a time of severe pandemic activity that is defined by high virus transmission. This achievement marks an important milestone in the history of vaccination. More than anything else, the most important aspect of the new game change in drug design is that the traditional drug discovery rules have been rewritten. This is especially significant for the development of vaccines, as it is possible for all clinical trials to be accelerated, which would bring a vaccine or drug molecule to market within a year rather than the traditional fifteen years for each phase of drug clinical trials. This review provides insight in respect to first generation COVID-19 vaccines, which were in clinical use as of December 2020 and focused on the Pfizer/ BioNTech/Fosun, Moderna mRNA-1273, Johnson and Johnson and AstraZeneca/Oxford AZD1222 vaccines.
Next Potential Therapeutic Targets in Rheumatoid Arthritis are Molecules Regulating Inflammatory Transition of Synovium
Authors: Tanaka Masao
Published: October 2022

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic joint inflammation and destruction. The affected synovium becomes the basis of the inflammatory milieu by recruiting immune cells including T cells, B cells, monocytes, macrophages and granulocytes etc., and activates osteoclasts leading to joint destruction and dysfunction. If this inflammatory environment can be restored, destructive arthritis in RA can be prevented. With the introduction of molecular-targeted agents (MTAs) at the beginning of this century, RA has become a controllable disease. Nevertheless, effective drugs including MTAs require continuous administration. This is because they are still unable to eliminate the cause of the disease. Patients with refractory RA often show a decreased response to treatment over time, suggesting that there underlie the irreversible traits of cytokine dysregulation. For the treatment aiming a closer-to-cure condition, it is necessary to find new approach to restore such traits. The RA synovium has two abnormalities: morphological and functional ones. The first is the loss of the single-cell-layer structure surrounding the joint cavity followed by abnormal proliferation to form a tumor-like tissue called pannus which is comparable to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and the second is the autonomous activation of inflammation-related genes due to epigenetic changes in DNA and the decrease in immune regulatory response due to metabolic changes, etc. Especially, these functional abnormalities seem to be associated with traits of cytokine dysregulation in RA synovium. Recent chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis with synovial fibroblasts has shown that EMT-like changes are linked to changes in cytokine production. In RA, compared to osteoarthritis, non-autoimmune joint disease, there were activating histone modifications at the IL-6 locus. Intriguingly, such activation changes were observed also in the loci of EMT marker genes, SNAI1 and COL1A1. These epigenetic changes in the RA synovium seem to be related to irreversible, fixed traits that continue the inflammatory response. Candidate targets of the trait-restoring therapy for RA include molecules involved in epigenetic plasticity that can restore irreversible changes toward inflammatory nature in the RA synovium.
Contribution of Virtual Reality Environments and Artificial Intelligence for Alzheimer
Authors: Frasson Claude , Abdessalem Hamdi
Published: October 2022

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is one of the most crucial diseases of our century affecting millions of persons every year. Negative emotions such as anxiety, frustration, and apathy are common in AD patients which reduce their wellbeing significantly. Virtual Reality is a means of providing the patients with a sense of presence in an environment that isolates them from external factors able to induce negative emotions. In this goal we have developed several interactive virtual environments able to relax the patients and reduce negative emotions. Virtual travels, natural environments, music therapy, Zootherapy, discovering environments can be used to calm the patients. Artificial Intelligence can bring a valuable contribution if these environments can be modified dynamically according to brainwaves reactions. Neurofeedback techniques can be used to adapt the virtual environments in order to dynamically reduce negative emotions and foster positive emotions. We will present several examples of interactive virtual environments driven by the brain of Alzheimer’s patients and able to improve their cognitive capabilities.
Electroencephalography Classification of Healthy, Mild Cognitive Impairment and Probable Alzheimer’s Disease Through Linear and Non-Linear Biomarkers
Authors: Tsolakis Apostolos , Timplalexis Christos , Tsolaki Magda , Aifantis Elias
Published: October 2022

Alzheimer’s disease is one of the main challenges of modern medicine since no cure has been found yet, the scientific community still does not fully understand the reasoning behind it, and any interventions found can delay the progress for only a limited amount of time. Over the years, research has shifted from attempts for curing the disease to efforts towards understanding the mechanisms behind it as well as finding tools that will speed up diagnosis many years before its clinical manifestations, when the brain deterioration begins. One of the many promising tools towards this direction is electroencephalography. Electroencephalography employs a variety of different measures that can be used as biomarkers for early diagnosis and differentiation of Alzheimer’s disease from other neurodegenerative disorders. Literature has produced a number of methods that have established reliable correlation between electroencephalography signals and structural abnormalities in Alzheimer’s disease. To that end, the present work proposes the combination of Tsallis Entropy and Higuchi Fractal Dimension within a common classification framework using machine learning techniques for classification among healthy, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and probable Alzheimer’s disease. The proposed methodology is applied on 75 subjects with different feature utilisation scenarios, reaching to an accuracy of 98.03% when classifying a signal epoch, following a 10-fold cross validation, as compared with other similar studies. Nevertheless, in a leave-one-out scenario with the same approach, the average accuracy drops significantly, suggesting that this method could complement other diagnosis approaches but cannot be used on each own.
Mixed Reality and Augmented Reality in Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Literature Review
Authors: Sadigale Omkar , Schneider Kerstin , Taha Mohy
Published: October 2022

Background: Reversed shoulder arthroplasty is considered a treatment choice for arthritis and irreparable/massive cuff-tears. The accurate placement of the glenoid baseplate, particularly the positioning of the central peg or screw as well as the inclination and version has been considered critical in reducing implant related intra- and postoperative complications. While the implant positioning and position of the screws can be planned preoperatively on three-dimensional imaging modalities, the lack of intraoperative access to the information and the visual monitoring of variations achieved in the surgery can lead to low reproducibility. The ongoing innovation in the reality technologies aim to improve the accuracy and precision in implantation of the components with a hypothesis that it improves the implant survivorship and the outcomes. Aims: This review aims to provide an overview on the currently available mixed and augmented reality technologies in shoulder arthroplasty, their differences, and potential future applications in shoulder arthroplasty. Methods: For this literature review, all relevant published reports were found via searches in Medline (PubMed) database using the following medical subject headings (MeSH) terms: “virtual reality” or “augmented reality” or “mixed reality” with “orthopedics” or “orthopedic surgery.” Additional searches were carried out using the same key words in other databases including Ovid, Science Direct, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar, finding further relevant titles. Results: The systematic search query resulted in 61 articles of which 8 articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two out of 3 clinical studies were published by the same group of authors, whereas 1 study elaborated a technical note of the application of navigated augmented reality technology in reversed shoulder arthroplasty. Among the remaining 5 (non-clinical) studies, 3 studies were feasibility studies while 1 study used the navigated augmented reality technology over 12 cadaveric scapulae. The remaining 1 study was a proof-of-concept study over saw bone models based on the CT scans of one single patient. Conclusions: This study gives the clarity between mixed and augmented reality that have been interchangeably used in the literature. We believe that the inclusion of mixed reality and augmented reality technology can enhance the precision during surgery, potentially reducing implant related complications and revision rates. However, further studies evaluating the radiographic parameters on implant-positioning, surgical, functional, and patient reported outcomes of this technology are called for its global acceptance.
Incidence of low bone mineral density in patients with advanced prostate cancer before hormonal manipulation
Authors: Yadav Sanjay , Saini Sanjay , Yadav Anshika , Tomar Vinay , Yadav S. S. , Priyadarshi Shivam
Published: October 2022

Background: Prostate cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in men with an estimated 1.3 million cases diagnosed in 2018 according to the most recent International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) report.A large proportion of men still present with advanced disease and in this situation androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the mainstay of treatment.Prostate cancer is largely androgen-dependent and responds to endocrine therapy. ADT is an effective treatment modality which decreases the rate of disease progression, alleviates symptoms, and prolongs patients’ survival. ADT can be achieved through surgery (i.e., bilateral orchidectomy) or medical therapy (gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists, antagonists and antiandrogens).Methods: With the approval from institutional ethic committee, a case control study was planned at the urology outpatient department (OPD) at SMS Hospital from April 2019 to March 2020. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 44 patients with newly diagnosed advanced prostate cancer and requiring hormone manipulation were enrolled in study. Age matched control (age±2 years) was selected from patients attending urology clinics with conditions other than prostate cancer. Ratio of cases and control was kept 1:1. Written consent was taken from all participants.Results: Total 88 patients were enrolled in study, 44 in each group. The age of patients ranged from 57 to 86 years among the case group and 55–85 among the control group. Mean age of cases was 65.24±6.8 and control was 64.98±7.6 years (p=0.25). Body mass index which is calculated with standard formula (weight in kg/height in meter square) was significantly high among controls (24.20±2.46) in comparison to cases (23.42±2.84). Statistically significant difference was observed among case and control groups for PSA (p=0.0001) and serum calcium (p=0.005) however difference for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamin D was found insignificant (p>0.05).Conclusions: Low bone mineral density in patients with advanced prostate cancer before hormonal manipulation is nearly 50%. PSA and serum calcium level were significant different among case and control however this difference was not found for ALP, PTH and vitamin D. Consideration should be given to performing BMD studies in these men before initiating treatment, to avoid or minimize potential bone-related complications in these patients.
Distribución urbana de mercancías en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires: propuestas para la innovación en políticas públicas en infraestructura, marco regulatorio y procesos logísticos
Authors: Abad Julieta , Moleres Cristian , Dobrusky Fernando , Pérez Martín Joaquín , Sánchez Jorge , Fiadone Rodolfo , Suyai Mendiberri Lucía , Fulponi Juan Ignacio , Parisi Maximiliano , Spadaro Patricio , Pipicello Tomás
Published: October 2022

El proyecto “Distribución Urbana de Mercancías en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires” financiado por el BID para el Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires y ejecutado por el Instituto del Transporte de la Universidad Nacional de San Martín, tuvo como objetivo entender cómo funciona la logística en la ciudad y analizar los impactos que trae a la vida urbana para proponer mejoras o innovaciones en el diseño y la gestión de las políticas. Para esto se realizó un trabajo de campo de recolección de varias etapas y distinta clase de información, se creó un modelo cuantitativo que se aplicó a toda la ciudad (indicador de intensidad logística), se estudió el marco legal aplicable para detectar posibles mejoras y se analizaron las tendencias y políticas logísticas en otras ciudades del mundo para analizar su aplicabilidad al contexto local.
Corrupción, eficiencia gubernamental y cumplimiento tributario: evidencia de una encuesta experimental usando Facebook en Chile
Authors: Pierri Gastón , Jarquín María José , De Michele Roberto , Dassen Nicolás
Published: October 2022

En los últimos años, los países latinoamericanos han sufrido actos de corrupción que han afectado las percepciones de la ciudadanía en la efectividad del gobierno. Utilizando experimentos aleatorizados formulados desde la economía conductual, el presente estudio evalúa el efecto que tiene la difusión de información por Facebook sobre percepciones de corrupción, efectividad del gobierno y cumplimiento tributario en ciudadanos chilenos. Resultados preliminares muestran que cuando se presentan datos favorables de corrupción y eficiencia gubernamental de forma gráfica en Chile, se reduce la percepción de corrupción e ineficiencia en 10.5 y 3.8 puntos porcentuales respectivamente. Adicionalmente, se encuentra que esta percepción tiene un efecto significativo de hasta 0.01 pp. sobre la predisposición de pagar impuestos.
Magnetic metasurfaces with metallic inclusions
Authors:   Saratov State University, Amel'chenko Mariya , Bir Anastasia ,   Saratov State University, Ogrin Feodor ,   University of Exeter, Odintsov Sergej ,   Saratov State University, Romanenko Dmitrij ,   Saratov State University, Sadovnikov Aleksandr ,   Saratov State University, Nikitov Sergej ,   Kotel'nikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Grishin Sergej ,   Saratov State University
Published: October 2022

Purpose of this paper is the development and creation of the magnetic metasurfaces with metallic inclusions operating both in the microwave and terahertz frequency ranges. Methods. The Maxwell’s equations and the expressions for the effective medium parameters are used to build the analytical models of the magnetic metasurfaces based on either a ferromagnetic (FM) or antiferromagnetic (AFM) dielectric matrix, containing a two-dimensional periodic structure of thin metal (non-magnetic) wires surrounded by insulators. Numerical simulation of such structures operating in the microwave range is carried out using the MaxLLG software package. The magnetron sputtering, liquid etching, optical lithography, and lift-off photolithography are used to create bicomponent magnetic metasurfaces, consisting of two magnetic materials with very different values of magnetization. The study of linear and nonlinear characteristics of the bicomponent magnetic metasurfaces is carried out using the methods of microwave and Brillouin spectroscopy. Results. Based on the developed analytical model of the magnetic metasurface with metallic (nonmagnetic) inclusions it is shown that the FM metasurface possesses properties of a left-handed medium in a microwave range and the AFM metasurface possesses similar properties in a terahertz range. In the last case, the material parameters of the AFM metasurface are twice negative in two frequency bands. For the magnetic metasurfaces with metallic magnetic inclusions, the formation of absorption bands in the spectrum of a traveling magnetostatic surface spin wave due to the resonant properties of the inclusions has been established. In the nonlinear regime, the effect of nonreciprocal parametric three-wave resonance was obtained. Conclusion. The results presented in the paper demonstrate a number of physical phenomena that are observed only in the magnetic metasurfaces with metallic (nonmagnetic and magnetic) inclusions.
​Lumpy Skin Disease: Emerging Concern for Livestock Owners: A Review
Authors: Pathania Aakriti , Mishra Adarsh , Malik Yashpal Singh
Published: October 2022

Lumpy skin disease is a transboundary viral disease that affects cattle and buffaloes. It is caused by lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) of genus Capripoxvirus and Poxviridae family. It is now spreading in a rapid pace in many countries especially in South Asia. The primarily noticeable symptoms of the disease include a lump like formation on the outer skin and mucosal membrane of buffaloes and cattle. It is an arthropod vector borne disease. LSD causes high morbidity and low to moderate mortality in the affected herd. It also often causes abortion in pregnant animal and infertility in male. Milk production is also reduced in affected milch animals. Strict quarantine, control of vector population and vaccination are some of the effective precautionary measures to control the ailment. Present mini-review highlighted various risk factors, transmission, clinical signs as well as precautionary measures to control LSD.
Status of Gibraltar – The Dispute over the Sovereignty after Brexit
Authors: Jikia Mariam , Jincharad Ketevan
Published: October 2022

Brexit is one of the main issues in EU modern history, which should be dealt with very carefully and with less losses. Brexit caused many political and legal debates regarding different issues, including the Status of Gibraltar, which is affected with the referendum results in 2016. The main factors that defined the final position of Gibraltarians regarding Brexit were geographical and economical factors. Gibraltar is surrounded by water and the only land border neighbor is Spain (which in turn the member of EU). The main factors of economic wellbeing of population are defined by the imported products, services, and labor forces from Spain. Besides the economic factors, Brexit opened the debates on Gibraltar’s Sovereignty, that is the main subject for discussion Between UK and SPAIN more than 300 years. This is the best opportunity given to Spain for offering the joint Sovereignty Model and for strengthening position over Gibraltar. The article offers a historical review of Gibraltar’s Status over the centuries, discusses the main interests of UK and Spain over mentioned territory, offers the main pros and cons of joint sovereignty model and in final part baased on given facts and analysis presents conclusion regarding given issue.
Development Financier, Diffusion des Tic et Croissance Economique dans ler Pays de L’uemoa
Authors: Daniel Gbame Hervé , Drissa Silue
Published: October 2022

L’objectif de ce papier était d’analyser le rôle de la diffusion des TIC dans l’analyse de la relation entre le développement financier et la croissance économique dans les pays de l’UEMOA en mettant un accent particulier sur leurs interactions. A partir d’un échantillon de 7 pays de cette zone, sur la période 1997 - 2019, et suite à l’utilisation d’une approche Pooled Mean Group (PMG) sur données de panels, les résultats montrent qu’à long terme, l’effet direct du développement financier sur la croissance économique est significativement négatif dans les pays de l’UEMOA. Secundo, la relation directe entre la diffusion des TIC (mobile et l’Internet) et la croissance économique a un effet positif et significatif. Enfin, l’interaction entre développement financier et la diffusion des TIC est significativement positif, prouvant ainsi que les pays de l’UEMOA ne peuvent bénéficier du développement financier qu’une fois qu’un seuil de diffusion des TIC atteint. Ce seuil de diffusion des TIC est respectivement de 168,7% et 38,1% pour le mobile et l’Internet.