bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN CORPORATIONS
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, PAVLOVA I.V.
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the study is to study the development of digitalization of business today and analyze the key digital technologies that set the trend for the development of modern organizations. The work assesses the digital transformation of business at the present time, and presents an analysis of the key digital technologies that set the trend for the development of modern organizations. A review of the key elements of the process of digitalization of the economy was carried out, and the key consequences of the impact of digitalization on business in Russia and in foreign countries were highlighted. Digital solutions were studied using the example of Sberbank and UBS. Research methodology. This study includes various methods: dialectics, classification, comparison, induction, as well as system analysis.
CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL BASIS FOR ENSURING THE TRANSPORT SOVEREIGNTY OF RUSSIA IN CONNECTION WITH THE NETWORK DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT CORRIDORS
Authors:   Russian University of Transport, Moscow, Russian Federation, PETROVA G.V. ,   Moscow University named after A.S. Griboyedov, STUPAKOV V.I.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The article, in a constitutional and legal context, examines the concept of transport sovereignty of the state as an integral part of the territorial, economic, and technological sovereignty of the state. International transport corridors (ITC) are created with the participation of Russia, help strengthen the transport sovereignty of the Russian state, and act as new network transport infrastructure structures for international transport. It is noted that the security of the transport system is under federal jurisdiction and is ensured by constitutional measures of national, regional, international regulation and control in the field of federal transport, communications, information, information technology and communications. Materials and methods. Analytical materials were used on the Eurasian cooperation of the EAEU member states on the creation of the ITC, on the coordination functions and powers of the EAEU bodies, the State Council of the Russian Federation, the President of the Russian Federation, the Government of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Transport of Russia, the Ministry of Finance of Russia and others on the development of the ITC and the transport system as a whole. Methods of comparative analysis of legal acts on the topic of the article were used. Results. The importance of the ITC for the transport sovereignty of Russia and the Agreement on the ITC «North-South» of September 12, 2000 are analyzed. It is noted that in the world of innovation and digital economy, ITCs are included in transport systems. Discussion and conclusions. The constitutional and legal nature of strategic planning of the transport industry with the participation of the State Council of the Russian Federation is noted. In this regard, strengthening legal regulation measures to ensure the technological and transport sovereignty of the state at the international and national levels can be considered as ways of constitutional and legal protection of the foundations of the constitutional system, the interests of the state and society.
PRINCIPLES - PRIORITIES AS A BASIS FOR OVERCOMING THE RISKS OF USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN COURT PROCEEDINGS: IN THE CONTINUATION OF THE CONVERSATION
Authors:   Orenburg State University, Orenburg, Russian Federation, VOLOSOVA N.YU.
Published: June 2024

The article is a continuation of the author’s series of articles devoted to the prospects of using artificial intelligence in legal proceedings. The paper substantiates the need for the formation of principles-priorities of justice using artificial intelligence systems as a basis for the protection of human rights and the formation of a new ethics of justice. Based on the study of the experience of the People’s Republic of China, it is concluded that such principles form a protective mechanism that will make it possible to protect participants in legal proceedings when considering cases using artificial intelligence systems.
Evolution by National Election? Partisanship, Voting Behavior, and Sentiments toward Marginalized Groups
Authors: Kane John , Jangili Srivardhan , Sandor Joseph , Sgorlon Vitória
Published: June 2024

Given partisanship’s powerful role in the U.S., a wealth of research has sought to identify its determinants. Toward this end, scholars have long highlighted (1) social identities and (2) group sentiments toward marginalized groups as two factors that shape citizens’ partisanship. Yet recent research has begun to “flip the causal arrow,” exploring how partisanship can influence social identities. In this Letter, we investigate one mechanism by which partisanship might also affect group sentiments. Using a well-powered, pre-registered experiment featuring historically marginalized groups, we test whether manipulating information about these groups’ voting behavior in presidential elections can affect partisans’ sentiments toward these groups. Across multiple outcome measures, we consistently find small, non-significant effects for each target group, irrespective of the respondents’ party. These null findings are important, suggesting that, despite partisanship’s enormous influence, Americans’ sentiments toward marginalized groups resist “evolving” even when these groups increasingly help their party’s electoral prospects.
PENGARUH PEMAHAMAN PAJAK, KESADARAN WAJIB PAJAK DAN TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN TERHADAP KEPATUHAN PAJAK (STUDI KASUS PADA UMKM JAKARTA BARAT)
Authors: Mulyana Sari Melvi , Hanah Siti
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan secara empiris mengenai pengaruh pemahaman, kesadaran wajib pajak, dan tingkat pendidikan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada pelaku usaha mikro kecil dan menengah di Jakarta Barat. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dan jenis data yang digunakan ialah data primer berupa hasil penyebaran kuesioner kepada pelaku usaha mikro kecil dan menengah di Jakarta Barat. Sampel dikumpulkan menggunakan teknik Nonprobability Sampling dengan metode yang digunakan adalah sampling kuota. Jumlah 16.969 pelaku usaha mikro kecil dan menengah yang ada di Jakarta Barat, sehingga diperoleh sebanyak 100 pelaku usaha mikro kecil dan menengah. Pengolahan data menggunakan program Microsoft Office Excel dan program statistik SPSS 25 dengan mengumpulkan data-data yang terkait kemudian menganalisis statistik deskriptif, uji kesesuaian model, uji asumsi klasik, koefisien determinasi, analisis regresi linier data panel, uji statistik f dan uji statistik t. Hasil uji statistik F pemahaman pajak, kesadaran wajib pajak, dan tingkat pendidikan secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak. Hasil uji statistik t variabel pemahaman pajak, kesadaran wajib pajak, tingkat pendidikan secara parsial berpengaruh terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak.
PENGARUH INTENSITAS MODAL, PERTUMBUHAN PENJUALAN DAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP PENGHINDARAN PAJAK (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Sektor Energi yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2018-2022)
Authors: Lestari Lestari , Dewi Eka Kusuma
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTThis study aims to obtain empirical evidence about the effect of capital intensity, sales growth, and company size on tax avoidance. This type of research uses quantitative research using secondary data in the form of company annual reports taken from the energy sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2018 to 2022. The sampling method uses purposive sampling. The sample contained in this study was 75 data. Researchers used panel data regression techniques to test the research data using eviews 12 as a statistical tool. The results of data analysis show that simultaneously capital intensity, sales growth, and company size affect tax avoidance. Partially, the results showed that capital intensity and company size have no effect on tax avoidance, while sales growth has an influence on tax avoidance.
Methods and computational tools to study eukaryotic cell migration in vitro
Authors: Toscano Elvira , Cimmino Elena , Pennacchio Fabrizio A. , Riccio Patrizia , Poli Alessandro , Liu Yan-Jun , Maiuri Paolo , Sepe Leandra , Paolella Giovanni
Published: June 2024

Cellular movement is essential for many vital biological functions where it plays a pivotal role both at the single cell level, such as during division or differentiation, and at the macroscopic level within tissues, where coordinated migration is crucial for proper morphogenesis. It also has an impact on various pathological processes, one for all, cancer spreading. Cell migration is a complex phenomenon and diverse experimental methods have been developed aimed at dissecting and analysing its distinct facets independently. In parallel, corresponding analytical procedures and tools have been devised to gain deep insight and interpret experimental results. Here we review established experimental techniques designed to investigate specific aspects of cell migration and present a broad collection of historical as well as cutting-edge computational tools used in quantitative analysis of cell motion.
Integrated analysis of single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing data reveals a cellular senescence-related signature in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Qiao Lei , Xu Zibo , Chen Yuheng , Chen Wenwei , Liang Yuan , Wei Yi , Wang Kang , Yu Yue , Yan Wei
Published: June 2024

The mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is on the rise globally, particularly in the Western world, with etiology gradually shifting from virus-related liver diseases to metabolic disorders such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Early detection of HCC is challenging, and effective prognostic indicators are currently lacking, urgently necessitating reliable markers to assist in treatment planning and clinical management. Here, we introduce hepatocellular carcinoma senescence genes (HSG) to assess cellular senescence in HCC and devise a hepatocellular carcinoma senescence score (HSS) for prognostic prediction. Higher HSS levels signify poorer prognosis and increased tumor proliferation activity. Additionally, we observe alterations in the tumor immune microenvironment with higher HSS levels, such as increased infiltration of Treg, potentially providing a basis for immunotherapy. Furthermore, we identify key genes, such as PTTG1, within the senescence gene set and demonstrate their regulatory roles in HCC cells and Treg through experimentation. In summary, we establish a scoring system based on hepatocellular carcinoma senescence genes for prognostic prediction in HCC, potentially offering guidance for clinical treatment planning.
Clinical differences between Raoultella spp. and Klebsiella oxytoca
Authors: Mettler Sofia K. , Charoenngam Nipith , Colgrove Robert C.
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Raoultella spp. is a genus of bacteria that is known to be closely related to Klebsiella. It has been debated whether Raoultella should be reclassified as a subgroup of Klebsiella. The aim of this study is to compare clinical aspects of Raoultella and Klebsiella oxytoca, a species of Klebsiella that is known to be bacteriologically similar to Raoultella spp.

Methods

Using data collected at a tertiary care hospital in the United States, we identified 43 patients with Raoultella infection and 1173 patients with Klebsiella oxytoca infection. We compared patient demographics (age and sex), hospitalization status, isolation sites and antibiotic resistance profiles between the two species.

Results

There was no significant difference in patient demographics between the two bacteria species. The proportions of intensive care unit (ICU) admission were higher among patients with Raoultella infection (p=0.008). The most common site of isolation was urine for both species (39.5% of all patients with Raoultella spp. vs. 59.3% for K. oxytoca). The second most common site of isolation was blood stream for Raoultella spp. (23.3%) and respiratory tract for K. oxytoca (10.8%). Except for the high proportion of resistant isolates of Raoultella spp. for Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, the antibiotic susceptibility profiles were similar between the two bacteria species. Both were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and meropenem.

Conclusion

While there are no significant differences in the patient demographics and antibiotic susceptibility profiles between Raoultella spp. and K. oxytoca, Raoultella may cause more serious infection requiring ICU admissions. Also, Raoultella may cause blood stream infection more frequently than K. oxytoca.
The pressure-derived microvascular resistance reserve and its correlation to Doppler MRR measurement—a proof of concept study
Authors: Ágoston András , Dorj Azzaya , Üveges Áron , Tar Balázs , Szabó Gábor Tamás , Barta Judit , Szűk Tibor , Kest Michael , Méhész Réka , Komócsi András , Czuriga Dániel , Csippa Benjámin , Piróth Zsolt , Barbato Emanuele , Kőszegi Zsolt
Published: June 2024

Background

Microvascular resistance reserve (MRR) is a recently introduced specific index of coronary microcirculation. MRR calculation can utilize parameters deriving from coronary flow reserve (CFR) assessment, provided that intracoronary pressure data are also available. The previously proposed pressure-bounded CFR (CFRpb) defines the possible CFR interval on the basis of resting and hyperemic pressure gradients in the epicardial vessel, however, its correlation to the Doppler wire measurement was reported to be rather poor without the correction for hydrostatic pressure.

Purpose

We aimed to determine the pressure-bounded coronary MRR interval with hydrostatic pressure correction according to the previously established equations of CFRpb adapted for the MRR concept. Furthermore, we also aimed to design a prediction model using the actual MRR value within the pressure-bounded interval and validate the results against the gold-standard Doppler wire technique.

Methods

Hydrostatic pressure between the tip of the catheter and the sensor of the pressure wire was calculated by height difference measurement from a lateral angiographic view. In the derivation cohort the pressure-bounded MRR interval (between MRRpbmin and MRRpbmax) was determined solely from hydrostatic pressure-corrected intracoronary pressure data. The actual MRR was calculated by simple hemodynamic equations incorporating the anatomical data of the three-dimensionally reconstructed coronary artery (MRRp−3D). These results were analyzed by regression analyses to find relations between the MRRpb bounds and the actual MRRp−3D.

Results

In the derivation cohort of 23 measurements, linear regression analysis showed a tight relation between MRRpbmax and MRRp−3D (r2 = 0.74, p < 0.0001). Using this relation (MRRp−3D = 1.04 + 0.51 × MRRpbmax), the linear prediction of the MRR was tested in the validation cohort of 19 measurements against the gold standard Doppler wire technique. A significant correlation was found between the linearly predicted and the measured values (r = 0.54, p = 0.01). If the area stenosis (AS%) was included to a quadratic prediction model, the correlation was improved (r = 0.63, p = 0.004).

Conclusions

The MRR can be predicted reliably to assess microvascular function by our simple model. After the correction for hydrostatic pressure error, the pressure data during routine FFR measurement provides a simultaneous physiological assessment of the macro- and microvasculature.
Evaluation of equine assisted learning in education for primary school children: a qualitative study of the perspectives of teachers
Authors: Stoppard Lorna , Donaldson Jayne
Published: June 2024

The study presents qualitative research on the impact of Equine Assisted Learning in Education (EALE) has on the development of life skills in children as perceived by teachers and programme trainer. A qualitative design was utilised with semi structured interviews of the 8 participants investigating what changes were observed in the children’s cognitive, psychomotor and social skills were during and or after participation in the EALE. Data was analysed using thematic analysis. Four themes emerged, including, (i) relationships and trust, (ii) communication and confidence, (iii) achievement, (iv) teamwork and participation. The study identified cognitive, social and psychomotor learning for children across the four themes. This study found that there was increased interaction with each other, increased nonverbal communication and group work which was transferred into the classroom after the EALE and was reported to be seen for a considerable time after the programme ended. This supports previous research investigating the impact of EALE in children and supports its use as an alternative to classroom teaching for those who struggle to engage in the conventional classroom.
Distribution, seasonal characteristics, ecological risks and human health risks of 9 antibiotics in the main water environment of Anhui province, China
Authors: Tang Jie , Han Yalin , Zha Yan , Li Xuede
Published: June 2024

This study was performed to determine the status and ecological risk as well as provide a basis for the prevention and control of antibiotic contamination in the drinking water sources of Anhui Province. Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC-MS/MS) was used to measure the detection rate and concentrations of nine antibiotics, classified as sulfonamides (SAs) or tetracyclines (TCs), in water collected from 51 sampling points and from areas with different seasonal characteristics. The risks of the main antibiotics (Sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), Doxycycline (DOC), Sulfadiazine (SDZ), Sulfamerazine (SM2), Sulfadimethoxine (SDM), Doxycycline (DOC), Tetracycline (TC), Oxytetracyline (OTC), and Chlortetracycline (CTC). to the ecosystem and human beings were evaluated using risk quotients (RQs) and target hazard quotients (THQs), respectively. Nine antibiotics were detected in tap water and surface water at concentrations ranging from 1.71 ng L−1–21.92 ng L−1 and 1.54 ng L−1–78.74 ng L−1, respectively. SMZ and DOC were detected in both tap water and surface water. Their highest detection rates in tap water were 59.1% and 63.6%, respectively, and those in surface water were 81.25% and 43.8%, respectively. SDZ, SMZ, SM2, SDM, DOC, TC, OTC, and CTC were detected in the dry and flood seasons, with levels ranging from 2.43 ng L−1–49.43 ng L−1. Among the detected target antibiotics, SMZ, SM2, TC, OTC, and CTC had higher detection rates. The total concentrations of detected antibiotics were higher in fall than in the other seasons. TC and OTC present in different water sources posed a moderate risk. SDZ present in surface water posed a higher ecological risk than that present in tap water and ground water. Meanwhile, the presence of DOC in tap water and the low risk caused by SDM in surface waters should be emphasized.
Remote sensing-based estimation of precipitation data (2000-2015) in Ecuador's Loja province
Authors: Valverde Luis , Álvarez César Iván , Gualotuña Dayana
Published: June 2024

The primary climatic parameter frequently scrutinized in water balance assessments for water utilization is precipitation. Given its considerable variability across locations and over time, it is imperative to rely on high-quality statistical information to facilitate accurate analyses. This study aims to refine the estimation of precipitation data by enhancing information obtained from freely accessible satellite sensors with data collected from established observation stations. Monthly precipitation data spanning from 2000 to 2015 were gathered from 24 stations. Three distinct methodologies were employed to adjust individual station data to address missing data. Consistency analysis and data refinement were conducted for stations requiring adjustments, utilizing graphical analysis and non-parametric statistical techniques. The satellite products under evaluation correspond to the IMERG v6 algorithm. Subsequently, statistical metrics were used to compare observed and estimated data. A correction coefficient was computed by aligning monthly means between observed and calculated data to mitigate random and systemic errors. The IMERG algorithm demonstrates proficiency in accounting for altitude and seasonal variations, with the adjustment significantly enhancing its performance under these conditions.
Optimization of the emergency obstetric and neonatal care network in Benin through expert-based sub-national prioritizations
Authors: Sy Zeynabou , Guigoz Yaniss , Brun Michel , Tossou Boco Thierry , Vodungbo Venance , Lawalé Thierry , Soude Theodore , Agbigbi Yawo , Ray Nicolas
Published: June 2024

Introduction

To reduce maternal mortality by 2030, Benin needs to implement strategies for improving access to high quality emergency obstetric and neonatal care (EmONC). This study applies an expert-based approach using sub-national travel specificities to identify and prioritize a network of EmONC maternities that maximizes both population coverage and functionality.

Methods

We conducted a series of workshops involving international, national, and department experts in maternal health to prioritize a set of EmONC facilities that meet international standards. Geographical accessibility modeling was used together with EmONC availability to inform the process. For women in need of EmONC, experts provided insights into travel characteristics (i.e., modes and speeds of travel) specific to each department, enabling more realistic travel times estimates modelled with the AccessMod software.

Results

The prioritization approach resulted in the selection of 109 EmONC maternities from an initial group of 125 designated maternities. The national coverage of the population living within an hour's drive of the nearest EmONC maternity increased slightly from 92.6% to 94.1% after prioritization. This increase in coverage was achieved by selecting maternities with sufficient obstetrical activities to be upgraded to EmONC maternities in the Plateau and Atlantique departments.

Conclusion

The prioritization approach enabled Benin to achieve the minimum EmONC availability, while ensuring very good geographical accessibility to the prioritized network. Limited human and financial resources can now be targetted towards a smaller number of EmONC facilities to make them fully functioning in the medium-term. By implementing this strategy, Benin aims to reduce maternal mortality rates and deliver effective, high-quality obstetric and neonatal care, especially during emergencies.
Prognostic value of tertiary lymphoid structures in hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Hu Lingbo , Li Xuemei , Yang Changhong , Zhou Baoyong , Du Chengyou , Jiang Ning
Published: June 2024

Background

Multiple investigations and scholarly articles have presented compelling evidence indicating that tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) play a pivotal role in inhibiting and controlling the advancement of tumors. While there is an abundance of information highlighting the importance of TLS in different cancer types, their prognostic significance specifically in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cancers remains unclear. Thus, this meta-analysis aimed to explore the prognostic relevance of TLS in HCC.

Methods

We conducted a thorough search across four databases, namely Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, to identify pertinent studies. The search utilized the keywords “tertiary lymphoid structures” and “hepatocellular carcinoma.” The primary outcomes of interest encompassed overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), early recurrence, and late recurrence. The statistical effect size for these measures was expressed in terms of hazard ratios (HR).

Results

Six studies were incorporated into the analysis. Among them, four studies, encompassing 6 datasets and involving 1490 patients, and three studies, comprising 5 datasets and involving 656 patients, respectively, investigated the correlation between intratumoral and peritumoral TLSs and the prognosis in HCC patients. The meta-analysis revealed that the presence of intratumoral TLSs is linked to longer RFS and reduced early recurrence (HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.50–0.67; p <0.001 and HR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.36–0.65; p <0.001, respectively). However, no significant association was observed with OS and late recurrence. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated the robustness of these findings, and heterogeneities were minimal. Additionally, the meta-analysis did not detect a relationship between peritumoral TLSs and OS or RFS in HCC patients.

Conclusion

The presence of intratumoral TLSs is correlated with better RFS and reduced early recurrence in HCC patients. Further investigation is warranted to elucidate the roles of peritumoral TLSs in the prognosis of HCC patients.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#recordDetails, identifier CRD42023466793.
Circulating immune cells and vitiligo: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Xin Yu , Yuan Tao , Wang Jun
Published: June 2024

Background

The pathogenesis of vitiligo remains elusive. Emerging evidence suggests that vitiligo is an immune-mediated disorder, in which a plethora of immune cells play pivotal roles. However, the association between circulating immune cells and vitiligo continues to be enigmatic.

Materials and methods

We extracted single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with immune circulating cells at a genome-wide significance level from the BLOOD CELL CONSORTIUM’s genome-wide association study (GWAS) dataset. Summary data for 385,801 cases of vitiligo were obtained from a large-scale Finnish genome-wide association study (ncases=292, ncontrols=385,509). The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was employed as the primary analytical approach for Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Additionally, heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran’s Q value, and horizontal pleiotropy was evaluated using MR-Egger Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier and leave-one-out analyses.

Results

The risk of vitiligo was found to increase with the elevation of 4 circulating immune cells, as evidenced by the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs): basophils (OR=1.81; 95% CI: 1.01–3.24, p=0.0450), monocytes (OR=1.67; 95% CI: 1.23–2.26, p=0.0009), eosinophils (OR=1.78; 95% CI: 1.22–2.59, p=0.0028), and neutrophils (OR=1.65; 95% CI: 1.08–2.54, p=0.0208). After removing outliers, the sensitivity analysis of the above indicators did not show heterogeneity and pleiotropy.

Conclusion

Our findings illuminate the association between circulating immune cells and vitiligo, offering insights that could guide clinical practices in the treatment of vitiligo.
Occurrence of the calanoid copepod Acartia (Odontacartia) ohtsukai in Laizhou Bay, the Bohai Sea, China, and its relationship with environmental factors
Authors: Zuo Tao , Wang Di , Li Yongtao , Niu Mingxiang , Cheng Zhaolong , Wang Jun
Published: June 2024

In this study, we examined the short-term variation in the abundance of copepod Acartia specimens, identified previously as Acartia pacifica, in Laizhou Bay, an estuarine bay in the southern Bohai Sea in northern China. Monthly samples were collected from May 2011 to April 2012, excluding December 2011 and January to February 2012 due to ice. Based on its morphological characteristics, Acartia ohtsukai was distinguishable from A. pacifica for the first time in Laizhou Bay. A. ohtsukai was sporadically present from summer to autumn, with the highest abundance and occurrence in September. It appeared in June when the water temperature was above 20°C, and disappeared in November when the water temperature decreased to less than 10°C. During the surveyed months, A. ohtsukai was more commonly found inshore with salinity less than 28 than offshore in the bay. Correlation analysis revealed that temperature and chlorophyll a concentration significantly influenced the monthly variations in A. ohtsukai abundance. We also compared the occurrence of A. ohtsukai with that of three species from the genus Tortanus (Tortanus derjugini, Tortanus forcipatus, and Tortanus spinicaudatus) in Laizhou Bay. The coexistence of A. ohtsukai and T. derjugini in the bay suggests that their ecological habitats are similar to those of brackish-water species.
Assessment of water levels from 43 years of NOAA’s Coastal Ocean Reanalysis (CORA) for the Gulf of Mexico and East Coasts
Authors: Rose Linta , Widlansky Matthew J. , Feng Xue , Thompson Philip , Asher Taylor G. , Dusek Gregory , Blanton Brian , Luettich Richard A. , Callahan John , Brooks William , Keeney Analise , Haddad Jana , Sweet William , Genz Ayesha , Hovenga Paige , Marra John , Tilson Jeffrey
Published: June 2024

Coastal water level information is crucial for understanding flood occurrences and changing risks. Here, we validate the preliminary version (0.9) of NOAA’s Coastal Ocean Reanalysis (CORA), which is a 43-year reanalysis (1979–2021) of hourly coastal water levels for the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean (i.e., the Gulf and East Coast region, or GEC). CORA-GEC v0.9 was conducted by the Renaissance Computing Institute using the coupled ADCIRC+SWAN coastal circulation and wave model. The model uses an unstructured mesh of nodes with varying spatial resolution that averages 400 m near the coast and is much coarser in the open ocean. Water level variations associated with tides and meteorological forcing are explicitly modeled, while lower-frequency water level variations are included by dynamically assimilating observations from NOAA’s National Water Level Observation Network. We compare CORA to water level observations that were either assimilated or not, and find that the reanalysis generally performs better than a state-of-the-art global ocean reanalysis (GLORYS12) in capturing the variability on monthly, seasonal, and interannual timescales as well as the long-term trend. The variability of hourly non-tidal residuals is also shown to be well resolved in CORA when compared to water level observations. Lastly, we present a case study of extreme water levels and coastal inundations around Miami, Florida to demonstrate an application of CORA for studying flood risks. Our assessment suggests that NOAA’s CORA-GEC v0.9 provides valuable information on water levels and flooding occurrence from 1979–2021 in areas that are experiencing changes across multiple time scales. CORA potentially can enhance flood risk assessment along parts of the U.S. Coast that do not have historical water level observations.
PHBV cycle of life using waste as a starting point: from production to recyclability
Authors: García-Chumillas Salvador , Guerrero-Murcia Teresa , Nicolás-Liza María , Monzó Fuensanta , Simica Alexandra , Simó-Cabrera Lorena , Martínez-Espinosa Rosa María
Published: June 2024

Global concern about plastic pollution is forcing new policies and modifications of human consumption as well as promoting new research lines aiming at the replacement of non-degradable plastics with other polymers more environmentally friendly. Addressing food waste and promoting circular economy strategies, among other approaches, are crucial in reducing environmental impacts and fostering sustainability in several sectors like the agri-food industry. The European Union’s Circular Economy Action Plan is a significant initiative in this direction. Biotechnological processes, especially the valorisation of agri-food waste to produce highly marketed biomolecules like poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) using microorganisms as cellular factories, offer promising avenues for achieving these goals. PHBV is a biodegradable polymer firstly characterised as an isolated biopolymer from bacterial biomass. This biopolymer shows interesting physicochemical properties making possible immense potential in various applications due to its biocompatibility and sustainability, thus revealing it as a good candidate to replace plastics produced by chemical synthesis from petroleum (which are highly recalcitrant and consequently pollutants). This review critically analyses the PHBV synthesis and end-of-life scenarios from their synthesis using chemical and biological pathways, through the forms of biotechnological operation and production, to the forms described until the moment of recycling.
Explainable artificial intelligence and microbiome data for food geographical origin: the Mozzarella di Bufala Campana PDO Case of Study
Authors: Magarelli Michele , Novielli Pierfrancesco , De Filippis Francesca , Magliulo Raffaele , Di Bitonto Pierpaolo , Diacono Domenico , Bellotti Roberto , Tangaro Sabina
Published: June 2024

Identifying the origin of a food product holds paramount importance in ensuring food safety, quality, and authenticity. Knowing where a food item comes from provides crucial information about its production methods, handling practices, and potential exposure to contaminants. Machine learning techniques play a pivotal role in this process by enabling the analysis of complex data sets to uncover patterns and associations that can reveal the geographical source of a food item. This study aims to investigate the potential use of explainable artificial intelligence for identifying the food origin. The case of study of Mozzarella di Bufala Campana PDO has been considered by examining the composition of the microbiota in each samples. Three different supervised machine learning algorithms have been compared and the best classifier model is represented by Random Forest with an Area Under the Curve (AUC) value of 0.93 and the top accuracy of 0.87. Machine learning models effectively classify origin, offering innovative ways to authenticate regional products and support local economies. Further research can explore microbiota analysis and extend applicability to diverse food products and contexts for enhanced accuracy and broader impact.
Safety and efficacy of peripheral metaraminol infusion in patients with neurological conditions: a single-center retrospective observational study
Authors: Han Pan , Zhou Yu
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Metaraminol is a sympathomimetic amine vasopressor that can be administrated through a peripheral venous access. However, limited evidence restricts its application in critically ill patients. This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of peripheral metaraminol infusion in patients with neurological conditions.

Methods

Patients who received peripheral metaraminol infusion between May 2019 and April 2022 were recruited. Data on baseline characteristics, clinical parameters, and infusion-related complications were retrospectively collected and analyzed.

Results

273 patients who received metaraminol were enrolled. Of these, 35 (12.8%) patients required central venous catheter insertion due to inability in achieving hemodynamic stability following peripheral metaraminol monotherapy. In 29,574.2 hours of vasopressor infusion, metaraminol infusion resulted achievement of the target blood pressure 73.4% of the time. Meanwhile, adverse events occurred in 5 patients and resolved after local tissue treatment.

Discussion

Metaraminol could provide hemodynamic support and avoid complications associated with a central venous catheter and delay in vasopressor administration. Through careful and close monitoring, peripheral metaraminol infusion is safe and feasible for patients with neurological conditions. Future large-scale, prospective, multicenter studies are needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of metaraminol infusion through a peripheral intravenous catheter.
Age-related changes in olivocochlear efferent innervation in gerbils
Authors: Steenken Friederike , Pektaş Asli , Köppl Christine
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Age-related hearing difficulties have a complex etiology that includes degenerative processes in the sensory cochlea. The cochlea comprises the start of the afferent, ascending auditory pathway, but also receives efferent feedback innervation by two separate populations of brainstem neurons: the medial olivocochlear and lateral olivocochlear pathways, innervating the outer hair cells and auditory-nerve fibers synapsing on inner hair cells, respectively. Efferents are believed to improve hearing under difficult conditions, such as high background noise. Here, we compare olivocochlear efferent innervation density along the tonotopic axis in young-adult and aged gerbils (at ~50% of their maximum lifespan potential), a classic animal model for age-related hearing loss.

Methods

Efferent synaptic terminals and sensory hair cells were labeled immunohistochemically with anti-synaptotagmin and anti-myosin VIIa, respectively. Numbers of hair cells, numbers of efferent terminals, and the efferent innervation area were quantified at seven tonotopic locations along the organ of Corti.

Results

The tonotopic distribution of olivocochlear innervation in the gerbil was similar to that previously shown for other species, with a slight apical cochlear bias in presumed lateral olivocochlear innervation (inner-hair-cell region), and a broad mid-cochlear peak for presumed medial olivocochlear innervation (outer-hair-cell region). We found significant, age-related declines in overall efferent innervation to both the inner-hair-cell and the outer-hair-cell region. However, when accounting for the age-related losses in efferent target structures, the innervation density of surviving elements proved unchanged in the inner-hair-cell region. For outer hair cells, a pronounced increase of orphaned outer hair cells, i.e., lacking efferent innervation, was observed. Surviving outer hair cells that were still efferently innervated retained a nearly normal innervation.

Discussion

A comparison across species suggests a basic aging scenario where outer hair cells, type-I afferents, and the efferents associated with them, steadily die away with advancing age, but leave the surviving cochlear circuitry largely intact until an advanced age, beyond 50% of a species’ maximum lifespan potential. In the outer-hair-cell region, MOC degeneration may precede outer-hair-cell death, leaving a putatively transient population of orphaned outer hair cells that are no longer under efferent control.
Dietary choline intake and colorectal cancer: a cross-sectional study of 2005–2018 NHANES cycles
Authors: Xu Xijuan , Ying Hongan , Huang Lili , Hong Weiwen , Chen Wenbin
Published: June 2024

Background

It remains unclear if choline intake is associated with colorectal cancer. Therefore, we examined data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 32,222 U.S. adults in the 2005–2018 NHANE cycles, among whom 227 reported colorectal cancer. Dietary choline was derived from 24-h recalls. Logistic regression estimated odds of colorectal cancer across increasing intake levels, adjusting for potential confounders.

Results

After adjusting for sociodemographic variables, BMI, alcohol use, smoking status, comorbidities, and dietary factors (energy, fat, fiber, and cholesterol), the odds ratio (OR) for colorectal cancer was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.69–1.06, p = 0.162) per 100 mg higher choline intake. Across increasing quartiles of choline intake, a non-significant inverse trend was observed (Q4 vs. Q1 OR: 0.76, 95%CI: 0.37 ~ 1.55, P-trend = 0.23). Subgroup analyses revealed largely consistent associations, with a significant interaction by hypertension status (P-interaction =0.022).

Conclusion

In this large, nationally representative sample of U.S. adults, higher dietary choline intake was not significantly associated with colorectal cancer odds after adjusting for potential confounders. However, a non-significant inverse trend was observed. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
Research progress on nutritional support in the neonatal and pediatric populations receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Zhang Hongquan , Zhao Lizhuo , Jia Baohui
Published: June 2024

Nutritional support is crucial for the prognosis of children supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). This article discusses the latest research progress and guideline recommendations for nutritional support during ECMO. We summarize the nutritional status and evaluation of ECMO patients, nutritional support methods and timing, trace elements, the impact of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), and energy requirements and algorithms. The article shows that malnutrition is high in ECMO patients compared to other critically ill patients, with nearly one-third of patients experiencing a decrease in nutritional indicators. The timing of the initiation of nutrition is very important for the nutritional status of the child. Early enteral nutrition can improve patient prognosis, which is the most commonly used, with parenteral nutrition as a supplement. However, the proportion of enteral nutrition is relatively low, and a stepwise nutrition algorithm can determine when to initiate early enteral nutrition and parenteral nutrition. Malnourishment during critical illness have been associated with increased morbidity as well as increased mortality. Nutritional status should be evaluated at admission by screening tools. In addition, changes in the levels of several metabolites in vivo, such as blood lipids, carnitine, and thiamine, can also reflect the degree of nutritional deficiency in critically ill children. This article provides a reference for the implementation of nutrition of pediatric ECMO patients and further research on nutritional support.
Genetically determined dietary habits and risk of Alzheimer’s disease: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Teng Fei , Sun Jiahui , Chen Zheyu , Li Hao
Published: June 2024

Background

Emerging evidence have suggested that dietary habits have potential implication on the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, elucidating the causal relationship between specific dietary factors and AD risk remains a challenge. Therefore, our study endeavors to investigate the causal association between dietary habits and the risk of AD.

Materials and methods

We analyzed data on 231 dietary habits sourced from the UK Biobank and MRC-IEU, and AD data obtained from the FinnGen database. Employing a framework based on the classic two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study, we utilized the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary analysis. Additionally, we conducted Steiger filtering and other methods to mitigate horizontal pleiotropy. The robustness of our overall findings was confirmed through multiple sensitivity analysis methods, and forward MR and reverse MR to address potential reverse causality bias.

Results

Our study evaluated the causal effect between 231 dietary habits involving over 500,000 participants of European ancestry, and 10,520 AD cases. Only oily fish intake demonstrated a significant protective causal relationship with AD following FDR correction (raw p-value = 1.28e-4, FDR p-value = 0.011, OR = 0.60, 95%CI: 0.47–0.78). Additionally, six dietary habits potentially influenced AD risk, with protective causal effects observed for average monthly intake of other alcoholic drinks (raw p-value = 0.024, FDR p-value = 0.574, OR = 0.57, 95%CI: 0.35–0.93) and tea intake (raw p-value = 0.047, FDR p-value = 0.581, OR = 0.78, 95%CI: 0.603–1.00). Conversely, detrimental causal effects were observed for the average weekly champagne plus white wine intake (raw p-value = 0.006, FDR p-value = 0.243, OR = 2.96, 95%CI: 1.37–6.38), Danish pastry intake (raw p-value = 0.036, FDR p-value = 0.574, OR = 13.33, 95%CI: 1.19–149.69), and doughnut intake (raw p-value = 0.039, FDR p-value = 0.574, OR = 7.41, 95%CI: 1.11–49.57). Moreover, the protective effect of goat’s cheese intake phenotype exhibited statistical significance only in the IVW method (raw p-value<0.05).

Conclusion

Our results provide genetic support for a protective causal effect of oily fish intake on AD risk. Additionally, average monthly intake of other alcoholic drinks and tea consumption were also related with a lower risk of AD. Conversely, average weekly champagne plus white wine intake, Danish pastry intake, and doughnut intake were causally associated with increased risk of AD.
Influence of thermal denaturation on whey protein isolates in combination with chitosan for fabricating Pickering emulsions: a comparison study
Authors: Pu Yilin , Long Yuxiang , Xu Die , Niu Yongkang , Wu Qinglong , Chen Shiyu , Wang Ruozhen , Ge Ruihong
Published: June 2024

Composite natural emulsifiers such as whey protein isolate (WPI) and chitosan (CS) are commonly used in Pickering emulsions to address the effect of thermal deformation of proteins before complexation with CS and heating after complexation. In this study, the properties of WPI and CS composites were investigated by complexing CS with either unmodified WPI or thermally denatured WPI (DWPI). Three types of composite particles were prepared, WPI-CS, DWPI-CS, and D(WPI-CS). Atomic force microscopy revealed that the composite particles formed larger aggregates with increased contour size and surface roughness compared to CS and WPI, whereas the interfacial tension decreased, indicating improved emulsifying abilities. Fourier-transform infrared analysis revealed differences in the hydrogen bonds between CS and WPI/DWPI. All three composite particles formed stable emulsions with droplet sizes of 20.00 ± 0.15, 27.80 ± 0.35, and 16.77 ± 0.51 μm, respectively. Thermal stability experiments revealed that the curcumin emulsion stabilized with WPI-CS and DWPI-CS exhibited relatively better thermal stability than that stabilized with D(WPI-CS). In vitro experiments results indicated that the bioaccessibility of the curcumin emulsion stabilized with WPI-CS was 61.18 ± 0.16%, significantly higher than that of the emulsions prepared with the other two composite particles (p < 0.05). This study will enable the customized design of WPI composite-based Pickering emulsions for application in the food and nutrition industries.
School electrocardiography screening program prompts the detection of otherwise unrecognized atrial septal defect in children in Japan
Authors: Yodoya Noriko , Sawada Hirofumi , Mitani Yoshihide , Ohashi Hiroyuki , Tsuboya Naoki , Ohya Kazunobu , Takeoka Mami , Hayakawa Hidetoshi , Hirayama Masahiro
Published: June 2024

Background

Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital heart disease that often presents without symptoms or murmurs. If left untreated, children with ASD can develop comorbidities in adulthood. In Japan, school electrocardiography (ECG) screening has been implemented for all 1st, 7th, and 10th graders. However, the impact of this program in detecting children with ASD is unknown.

Methods

This is a retrospective study that analyzed consecutive patients with ASD who underwent catheterization for surgical or catheter closure at ≤18 years of age during 2009–2019 at a tertiary referral center in Japan.

Results

Of the overall 116 patients with ASD (median age: 3.0 years of age at diagnosis and 8.9 years at catheterization), 43 (37%) were prompted by the ECG screening (Screening group), while the remaining 73 (63%) were by other findings (Non-screening group). Of the 49 patients diagnosed at ≥6 years of age, 43 (88%) were prompted by the ECG screening, with the 3 corresponding peaks of the number of patients at diagnosis. Compared with the non-screening group, the screening group exhibited similar levels of hemodynamic parameters but had a lower proportion of audible heart murmur, which were mainly prompted by the health care and health checkups in infancy or preschool period. Patients positive for a composite parameter (rsR' type of iRBBB, inverted T in V4, or ST depression in the aVF lead) accounted for 79% of the screening group at catheterization, each of which was correlated with hemodynamic parameters in the overall patients.

Conclusions

The present study shows that school ECG screening detects otherwise unrecognized ASD, which prompted the diagnosis of the majority of patients at school age and >one-third of overall patients in Japan. These findings suggest that ECG screening program could be an effective strategy for detecting hemodynamically significant ASD in students, who are asymptomatic and murmurless.