bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BATTERY DYNAMIC BALANCING METHOD BASED ON CALCULATION OF CELL VOLTAGE REFERENCE VALUE
Authors: АЛЕШИН Д А. , КРЮКОВ Е В. , УЛЬЯНОВ Д А. , КОНСТАНТИНОВ М А. , МОРОЗОВСКАЯ Т Д.
Published: July 2024

Статья посвящена решению проблемы выравнивания заряда многоэлементных аккумуляторных батарей (АКБ) с номинальным напряжением до 1000 В, функционирующих в динамических режимах с различной глубиной заряда и разряда. В статье предложен способ балансировки напряжений элементов силовой аккумуляторной батареи, который заключается в формировании опорного сигнала, эквивалентного эталонному напряжению элемента аккумуляторных батарей для текущей величины заряда. Активное управление балансировочной цепью осуществляется пропорционально отклонению реального напряжения элемента от эталонной величины. Предложенный способ может быть применен как для пассивных методов балансировки на базе балластных резисторов, так и для более эффективной эксплуатации цепей, выполненных на электромагнитных системах перераспределения энергии между гальваническими элементами. Для определения электрических параметров пассивных балансировочных цепей разработан ряд Simulink-моделей...

The article is devoted to solving the problem of charge equalization of multi-element batteries with rated voltage up to 1000 V, operating in dynamic modes with different charge and discharge depth. The article proposes the method of balancing voltages of power battery elements, which consists informing a reference signal equivalent to the reference voltage of the battery element for the current state of charge. Balancing circuit active control is carried out in proportion to the actual element voltage deviation from the reference value. The proposed method can be used both for passive balancing techniques based on ballast resistors, and for more efficient operation of circuits made on electromagnetic energy redistribution systems between galvanic cells. A number of Simulink models have been developed to determine the electrical parameters of active and passive balancing circuits. Performance and accuracy study of balancing a multi-element battery in charge and discharge modes was conducted by Simulink models. Compared to classical methods of cell voltage equalization, the proposed method provides an increase in accuracy and the balancing process dynamic parameters improvement at any value of the battery charge. The proposed methods of charge equalization make it possible to increase the multi-element battery operation efficiency in a wide range of charging currents.
MARSHAL OF THE SIGNAL FORCES A.I. BELOV: A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPLEXES RADIO RELAY COMMUNICATION
Authors: АНТРОПОВ Д А.
Published: July 2024

Статья посвящена маршалу войск связи Андрею Ивановичу Белову, начальнику связи Вооруженных Сил СССР, выдающемуся организатору военной связи. Рассмотрено одно из направлений его многогранной деятельности, посвященное развитию радиорелейной связи - нового рода связи. В статье изложены основные этапы деятельности военачальника в части развития радиорелейной связи. Изучен его фронтовой опыт в развертывании радиорелейных линий, рассмотрена научно-исследовательская работа в Военной академии связи, направленная на разработку теоретических и практических основ радиорелейной связи. Показана роль А.И. Белова в совершенствовании военной и гражданской связи в Туркестанском военном округе с использованием возможностей радиорелейной связи, новых подходах в построении беспроводных систем связи. Отмечена организаторская роль военачальника в развитии системы связи Ракетных войск стратегического назначения. А.И. Белов смог на системной основе развернуть работы по масштабному развитию системы связи Вооруженных Сил, включая радиорелейные средства и технологии...

The article is devoted to Marshal of the signal forces Andrei Ivanovich Belov, Chief of Communications of the Armed Forces of the USSR, an outstanding organizer of military communications. One of the directions of his multifaceted activity devoted to the development of radio relay communication, a new kind of communication, is considered. The article describes the main stages of the military commander's activity in terms of the development of radio relay communication. His front-line experience in the deployment of radio relay lines has been studied, and his research work has been reviewed at the Military Academy of Communications, aimed at developing the theoretical and practical foundations of radio relay communication. The role of A.I. Belov in the improvement of military and civilian communications in the Turkestan military District using the capabilities of radio relay communication, new approaches in the construction of wireless communication systems is shown...
SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSES OF NOMINATIONS FOR THE NOBEL PRIZES. PRODUCTIVITY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF NOMINATIONS BY LAUREATES FOR NOBEL PRIZES IN PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY (1901-1950)
Authors: ТЮТЮННИК В М. , САМХАРАДЗЕ Г Т.
Published: July 2024

На основе рассекреченных документов Нобелевских Комитетов по физике и химии в Стокгольме проведён наукометрический анализ выдвижений кандидатов на Нобелевские премии по физике и химии за 1901-1950 гг., которые сделали лауреаты Нобелевских премий. Базой для анализа послужили подготовленные автором ранее две серии пространных таблиц с исходными данными на русском языке: полные сведения обо всех номинантах и номинациях; полные сведения обо всех номинациях каждого нобелевского лауреата по физике и химии. Впервые введены определения и формулы, по которым вычислены значения продуктивности и эффективности номинирования каждым лауреатом по физике и химии на Нобелевские премии. Результаты анализа показали, что номинирование нобелевскими лауреатами в первые полвека существования премий имело существенное значение для будущего получения кандидатом Нобелевской премии, хотя конкретные значения продуктивности и эффективности колеблются от 0 до 100 процентов.

A scientometric analysis of nominations for the Nobel Prizes in Physics and Chemistry for 1901-1950 made by Nobel Prize winners is carried out on the basis of declassi ed documents of the Nobel Committees for Physics and Chemistry in Stockholm. The basis for the analysis were two series of lengthy tables prepared by the author earlier with the original data in Russian: full information about all nominees and nominations; full information about all nominations of each Nobel Prize winner in physics and chemistry. For the rst time de nitions and formulas were introduced, using which values of productivity and ef ciency of nomination by each Nobel Laureate in Physics and Chemistry were calculated. The results of the analysis showed that nominations by Nobel laureates in the rst half century of the existence of the prizes were essential for the future receipt of the Nobel Prize by the candidate, although the speci c values of productivity and ef ciency vary from 0 to 100 percent.
"TSAGI CANNOT WASTE TIME": MANAGEMENT AND SOCIAL ASPECTS IN THE CREATION OF THE NOVOSIBIRSK AVIATION RESEARCH COMPLEX IN 1941-1945
Authors: МУРЕНКО Д И.
Published: July 2024

В статье рассмотрен социальный и научно-организационный опыт становления новосибирского филиала Центрального аэрогидродинамического института им. Н.Е. Жуковского (ЦАГИ) в условиях Великой Отечественной войны. Сделан вывод о том, что процесс институционализации новосибирского филиала ЦАГИ в самостоятельную научную структуру был обусловлен внутренней и внешней мобилизацией научных сотрудников, заинтересованностью областного руководства в увеличении научно-технического потенциала региона, а также целенаправленными действиями Государственного комитета обороны и наркомата авиационной промышленности СССР, направленными на сохранение в условиях военного времени научного центра по авиации в Сибири.

The article considers the social and scienti c and organizational experience of the formation of the Novosibirsk branch of the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute. NOT. Zhukovsky (TsAGI) in the conditions of the Great Patriotic War. It is concluded that the process of institutionalization of the Novosibirsk branch of TsAGI into an independent scienti c structure was due to the internal and external mobilization of researchers, the interest of the regional leadership in increasing the scienti c and technical potential of the region, as well as the purposeful actions of the State Defense Committee and the Commissariat of Aviation Industry of the USSR, aimed at preservation in wartime conditions of the scienti c center for aviation in Siberia.
BIOGRAPHY AND ACTIVITIES OF MECHANICAL ENGINEER KURBANOV M.M.
Authors: ПЕТРУЩЕНКОВ В А.
Published: July 2024

Статья посвящена биографии и деятельности уникальной личности инженера и гуманитария Курбанова Михаила Михайловича. Типичная биография военного морского офицера, получившего опыт работы с новым оборудованием в области тепловых двигателей, электрических генераторов и систем электрического освещения, обеспечила ему высокую востребованность в столичной гражданской жизни. Будучи на службе Министерства Императорского двора, ему пришлось строить и эксплуатировать электростанции очень известных объектов: Аничкова и Мариинского дворцов, Императорского училища правоведения, Училищного Совета при Святейшем Синоде, Государственной типографии, Императорской Академии Художеств, Императорской дачи "Александрия " в Новом Петергофе, городской трамвайной электростанции. Опыт его работ был уникальным, так как ему пришлось работать с разным оборудованием, на разных топливах, с разными циклами, включая теплофикационные.

The article is devoted to the biography and activities of the unique personality of engineer and humanitarian Mikhail Mikhailovich Kurbanov. A typical biography of a military naval officer who gained experience working with new equipment in the field of heat engines, electric generators and electric lighting systems provided him with a high demand in the capital's civic life. Being in the service of the Ministry of the Imperial Court, he had to build and operate power plants of very famous objects: the Anichkov and Mariinsky Palaces, the Imperial School of Jurisprudence, the School Council at the Holy Synod, the State Printing House, the Imperial Academy of Arts, the Imperial Dacha "Alexandria" in New Peterhof, the city tram power plant. His work experience was unique, as he had to work with different equipment, on different fuels, with different cycles, including heating systems.
SPIRITUAL (MEMORIAL) "POEMS" OF THE SMOLENSK REGION: MEANING IN THE RITE, GENRE AND PERFORMANCE ASPECTS
Authors: ТИЩЕНКОВА Т.В. ТИЩЕНКОВА Т.В.
Published: July 2024

В статье охарактеризованы жанровые, стилистические и исполнительские особенности народных песен, относящихся к жанру духовных стихов, называемых местными смоленскими исполнителями «духовными стишками», псальмами, «поминными» или «поминальными стишками». Фольклорно-этнографические записи автора, выполненные в деревнях Кардымовского района в девяностых годах ХХ века, соотнесены с опубликованными коллекциями духовных стихов, собранных в разное время на территории Смоленской области.

The article describes the genre, stylistic and performance features of folk songs belonging to the genre of spiritual poems, called by local Smolensk performers "spiritual rhymes", psalms, "memorial" or "memorial rhymes". Folklore and ethnographic records of the author, made in the villages of the Kardymovsky district in the nineties of the twentieth century, are correlated with published collections of spiritual poems collected at different times on the territory of the Smolensk region.
LANGUAGE AS AN INSTRUMENT OF MYTH IN "SIRIUS" BY KARLHEINZ STOCKHAUSEN. THE SECOND PART (LIBRA)
Authors: НИКУЛИНА А В.
Published: July 2024

Принципы композиторского мышления Карлхайнца Штокхаузена рассматриваются в статье на материале слова. Вербальный текст «Сириуса» анализируется как сложная сеть взаимосвязанных смысловых лейтмотивов, раскрывающих свое значение в контексте как языческого, так и христианского мифа. Вскрываются общие алгоритмы мифического мышления, в котором язык становится непосредственным орудием и инструментом мифа.

The principles of Karlheinz Stockhausen’s creative thinking are considered in the article on the material of the word. The verbal text of «Sirius» is analyzed as a complex network of interrelated semantic leitmotifs, revealing their meaning in the context of both pagan and Christian myth. The general algorithms of mythical thinking are revealed, in which language becomes a direct tool and instrument of the myth.
CHURCH SINGING: SPECIFICS OF INTONING
Authors: ТРЕГУЛОВА Н П.
Published: July 2024

В данной статье основное внимание уделяется особенностям богослужебного пения, специфике интонирования церковной музыки. Выделяются основные характеристики церковного пения: приоритет слова, тембровое единение голосов, прикрытый звук, мягкость и сдержанность звучания, ненавязчивость штрихов и нюансов. В статье также рассматривается история появления и развития церковного пения, как части русской культуры, которая не должна быть забыта. Важным является также состояние духовно-телесной гармонии и чувство единения с Богом во время исполнения. Духовная музыка своим исполнением должна вызывать молитвенное настроение у прихожан. Пение должно содействовать сердечному спокойствию и молитве. Церковные мелодии должны быть простыми, серьезными, строгими и полностью соответствовали своему основному назначению - обратившись напрямую к сердцу человека, способствовать его общению с Богом. Богослужебное пение формирует внутреннюю духовную связь многих людей, совершающих совместную молитву. Рассматриваются отдельные приемы пения, их связь с видом богослужения и жанром духовной музыки, а также некоторые сложности, возникающие в певческой практике.

This article focuses on the peculiarities of liturgical singing, the specifics of the intonation of church music. The main characteristics of church singing are highlighted: word priority, timbre unity of voices, covered sound, softness and restraint of sound, unobtrusive strokes and nuances. The article also examines the history of the emergence and development of church singing as a part of Russian culture that should not be forgotten. The state of spiritual and bodily harmony and the feeling of unity with God during performance is also important. Spiritual music by its performance should evoke a prayerful mood among parishioners. Singing should promote peace of heart and prayer. Church melodies should be simple, serious, strict and fully correspond to their main purpose - by addressing directly to the heart of a person, to facilitate his communication with God. Liturgical singing forms the inner spiritual connection of many people who pray together. Separate singing techniques, their connection with the type of worship and the genre of sacred music, as well as some difficulties arising in singing practice are considered.
APPLICATION OF NEURAL NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES TO SEARCH FOR A FUNCTION APPROXIMATING THE DISPLACEMENT OF POINTS OF A DEFORMABLE BODY IN THE DESIGN OF PRESSURE TREATMENT PROCESSES
Authors: БУЛАНОВ В.А. БУЛАНОВ В.А. , БУЛАНОВА Т.А. БУЛАНОВА Т.А. , ЗАЙЦЕВ А.И. ЗАЙЦЕВ А.И. , ЗАХАРОВ А.В. ЗАХАРОВ А.В. , ТРУБИН А.Е. ТРУБИН А.Е. , ЧАУСОВ Д.Н. ЧАУСОВ Д.Н.
Published: July 2024

В статье рассмотрена задача расчета формоизменения при обработке металлов давлением при деформации, слабо ограниченной инструментом, предлагается метод подбора аппроксимирующей функции перемещения материальных точек деформирующегося тела при технологических расчетах обработки металлов давлением, выполняемых по методу работ, разработана технология аппроксимации экспериментальных данных на основе нейросетевой вычислительной модели, которая позволяет сразу по результату обучения нейронной сети с использованием генетического алгоритма получить искомую функцию аппроксимации. Приведены результаты практического применения предложенного алгоритма поиска решения по показателям производительности и точности аппроксимации.

The article considers the problem of calculating the shape change during metal pressure treatment during deformation, weakly limited by the tool, a method is proposed for selecting the approximating function of moving material points of a deforming body during technological calculations of metal pressure treatment performed by the method of work, a technology for approximating experimental data based on a neural network computational model is developed, which allows immediately after the result of training a neural network using the genetic algorithm to obtain the desired approximation function. The results of the practical application of the proposed algorithm for finding solutions in terms of performance and accuracy of approximation are presented.
INTERACTION WITH THE AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEM USING THE DISPLAY INDICATION
Authors: ГРЕШНИКОВ И И. , КОЗЫРЕВ А Д. , КОРОБОВ С Д.
Published: July 2024

Проблема оптимизации взаимодействия пилота с системой автоматического управления (САУ) имеет высокую актуальность в связи с вопросом обеспечения безопасности полетов, и сегодня не теряющего своей значимости. Целью данной статьи является разработка концепции перспективной технологии взаимодействия с САУ при помощи сенсорного дисплея, позволяющей значительно улучшить эргономические показатели кабины пилотов, а также интеграция соответствующих программных решений в стендовую базу и их апробация с участием лётных экспертов. Авторами был проведен анализ существующих решений по внедрению сенсорных дисплеев в информационно-управляющее поле кабины пилотов, были определены недостатки размещения и взаимодействия с пультом САУ в текущих конфигурациях кабинного пространства наиболее распространенных типов пассажирских воздушных судов, и предложено решение по устранению данных недостатков - внедрение виртуального интерактивного пульта САУ в контур дисплейной индикации...

The optimization problem of pilot interaction with an automatic control system (ACS) is highly relevant due to the issue of ensuring ight safety, which remains signi cant today. The aim of this article is to develop a concept for a promising technology to interact with the ACS using a touchscreen display, which allows signi cantly improve the ergonomic performance of the cockpit and integrating relevant software solutions into the stand base, as well as their testing with the participation of ight experts. The authors conducted an analysis of existing solutions for the implementation of touchscreen displays in the information-control eld of the cockpit, identi ed the disadvantages of placing and interacting with the ACS panel in the current con gurations of the cabin space of the most common types of passenger aircraft, and proposed a solution to eliminate these drawbacks - the implementation of a virtual interactive ACS panel in the display indication circuit...
METHOD FOR INCREASING THE DEGREE OF CONTROLLABILITY OF A DESCENT SPACECRAFT
Authors: ХУ Ю. ХУ Ю. , СЕЛЕЗНЕВА М С. , НЕУСЫПИН К А.
Published: July 2024

Рассмотрена задача исследования степени управляемости космического летательного аппарата при спуске в атмосфере по опорным траекториям. Для повышения эффективности полета космического летательного аппарата использован критерий степени управляемости переменных состояния нестационарной системы, основанный на минимуме потребляемой энергии. Предложен иерархический способ оценивания степени управляемости спуска космического летательного аппарата в атмосфере по различным номинальным траекториям, с разными начальными условиями и алгоритмами управления. Приведено математическое моделирования и анализ управляемости космического летательного аппарата для выделения участков траектории с большей степенью управляемости.

The problem of studying the degree of controllability of a spacecraft during descent in the atmosphere along reference trajectories is considered. To increase the flight efficiency of a spacecraft, a criterion for the degree of controllability of the state variables of a non-stationary system, based on the minimum energy consumption, was used. A hierarchical method is proposed for estimating the degree of controllability of the descent of a spacecraft in the atmosphere along various nominal trajectories, with different initial conditions and control algorithms. Mathematical modeling and analysis of the controllability of a spacecraft are presented to identify sections of the trajectory with a greater degree of controllability.
ДИАГНОСТИКАДАҒЫ НУКЛЕИН ҚЫШҚЫЛЫНЫҢ БӨЛІНУ КЕЗЕҢІНДЕГІ ЗЕРТХАНАЛЫҚ МӘСЕЛЕЛЕРІ
Authors: Досмағамбет Ж.М. , Куатбек М.М. , Бердыгулова Ж.А. , Молдакары А.Ж. , Куатбекова С.А. , Жигайлов А.В. , Перфильева Ю.В. , Остапчук Е.О. , Мальцева Э.Р. , Скиба Ю.А.
Published: July 2024

Зертханалық тәжірибеде вирустық инфекциялардың диагностикасы өзекті мәселелердің бірі болып келеді. Ветеринарияда бұл тұрақты созылмалы жануарлардың инфекцияларына әкеледі, оларды емдеу өте қиын және экономикалық шығындарға әкеледі. Жаһандық пандемия жағдайында SARS-CoV-2 вирусы тударатын COVID-19 диагнозының уақтылы қойылмауы вирустың таралуына және симптоматикалық емдеудің кеш басталуына әкелді. Вирустық инфекциялардың ПТР диагностикасының негізгі мәселелерінің бірі жалған теріс және жалған оң нәтижелер болып табылады. Бұған көптеген факторлар әсер етуі мүмкін. Мысалы, дұрыс емес сынама алу, сынамадағы вирустың НҚ-ының детекциясына жеткіліксіз мөлшері, материалды дұрыс емес тасымалдау және сақтау, білікті емес зертханалық мамандар, нуклеин қышқылдарын бөліп алу әдістерінің қателіктері, ПТР жиынтығының ерекшелігі мен сезімталдығы жеткіліксіздігі. Мақсаты: Модельдік вирустардың нуклеин қышқылдарын, SARS-CoV-2 коронавирусының нуклеин қышқылдарын және ірі қара малдың вирустық диареясын тудыратын Pestivirus туыс вирусты бөліп алу әдістерін салыстыру. Зерттеу әдістері мен материалдары: Бұл жұмыста біз әртүрлі нуклеин қышқылдарын экстракциялайтын (сорбциялық, спин-бағандарға және магниттік бөлшектерге) әдістеріне негізделген "SARS-CoV-2 Амплитесті", "PureLink RNA mini kit (Invitrogen)" және "M-Сорб-ООМ-96 СИНТОЛ" сияқты әртүрлі коммерциялық бөліп алу жиынтықтарын салыстырылды. Салыстыру нақты уақыт режимінде полимеразды тізбекті реакцияны үш рет қою және коронавирустық инфекцияны анықтаудың шекті деңгейлері Ct-мен салыстыру және вирустық диареяға арналған классикалық ПТР реакциясында электрофорезден кейінгі жолақтарды визуалды салыстыру арқылы жүргізілді. Үлгілер панелі ретінде адамның мұрын–жұтқыншақ жағындыларының зертханалық расталған оң және теріс үлгілері, сондай-ақ жалпы РНҚлар бөлінген жануарлардан (ірі қара мал) мұрын шайындылары пайдаланылды. Нәтижелері мен қорытынды: SARS-CoV-2 үлгілері бойынша Ct-нің ең жақсы нәтижелері нуклеин қышқылдарын бөліп алуының сорбциялау әдісі көрсетті. Магниттік бөлшектер мен спин-бағандардағы нуклеин қышқылдарының экстракциясы нақты уақыттағы ПТР амплификация 2-3 шекті көрсеткіш циклі арасындағы айырмашылықты көрсетті. Агарозды гель электрофорезінде анализ жүргізілген вирустық диарея ампликондары үш экстракциялау жиынтығы үшін визуалды айырмашылықты көрсетпеді.
ON THE ISSUE OF QUALITY CONTROL OF MEDICAL LABORATORY TESTS
Authors: Bazarah H. , Nurakhova A.D. , Maimakova A.M. , Akhayeva T. , Utegenova B.S. , Duisenbayeva A.Zh.
Published: July 2024

As healthcare systems around the world increasingly rely on laboratory testing, maintaining high quality diagnostic services is imperative. In Kazakhstan, the importance of quality control in medical laboratories is being recognized, but there is a need to evaluate and improve current practices against international standards. Purpose: The purpose of this review article is to assess the current state of quality control in medical laboratories in Kazakhstan and then compare it with quality control procedures in other countries. Search strategy: Perform a comprehensive search in electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science with relevant keywords including “international standards”, “medical laboratories”, “quality control”, “quality assurance” and other. The search was limited to articles published in English between 2001 and 2023 to ensure inclusion of recent research and current practice. Results: A total of 79 publications were selected for the study based on their significance for quality control in medical laboratories, especially in Kazakhstan. The articles covered a wide range of topics, including regulatory frameworks, accreditation requirements, training programs, equipment requirements, data management systems, and collaborative efforts. A comparative study of quality control procedures in Kazakhstan with other countries revealed its positive and negative aspects.
ҚАРЫНШААРАЛЫҚ ПЕРДЕ АҚАУЫН ТҮЗЕТУ КЕЗІНДЕГІ ҚАН ҚҰЮДЫ БАҒАЛАУ
Authors: Курамыс С. , Джошибаев С. , Болатбеков Б.А.
Published: July 2024

Оң жақтық алдыңғы минторакотомия әдісі оңаша түрде әр елде дамығанымен, әдіснама кеңірек тараған болатын – себебі, орындалу жеңілдігімен жән асқынулардың аздағымен және арзанырақ болғандықтан. Миниторакотомия әдісі хирургиялық техниканы қамтығанымен, әлі де анестезиологиялық және перфузиологиялық сұрақтар аспектісі туындаған еді. Осы орайда бұл зерттеуде қарыншаралық перде ақауын түзету кезіндегі қан жоғалту мен қанды қайта толтыру (яғни гемотрансфузия) мәселелері зерттелетін болады. Зерттеу мақсаты: Алдыңғы миниторакотомия әдісімен қарыншыаралық перде ақауын түзетуі жасалған науқастарда қан компоненттерін қолдануын бағалау. Әдістері мен материалдар: Зерттеудің дизайны ретроспективті болды. Зерттеуге жасанды қан-айналымда туа пайда болған ҚПА түзетуінен өткен барлығы 82 бала қатысты. Олар 3 топқа бөлінді: 1-ші топ медианалық стернотомия бойынша жасалған операция – 15 науқас; Оң жақ алдыңғы миниторакотомия бойынша жасалған операция 2-топ – 38 бала; және 3-ші негізгі топқа a. et v. Mammaria interna dextra сақтай отырып оң жақ антеро-латеральды миниторакотомия әдісімен операция жасалды – 29 балаға. Нәтижелер: Көрсетілген жалпы сипаттар бойынша балаларда ең үлкендері 2-топта (8.3±5.5 vs 13.7±2.6 vs 8.1±3.1 жыл), сәйкесінше осы топта да салмағы ауыр. Жалпы ота сипаттамасы бойынша 3-топта ең қысқа ота уақыты мен жалпы жасанды қан-айналым уақыты, себебі a. et v. Mammaria interna dextra тамырын байлауға уақыт жоғалтпайды, сонымен қатар тамыр тұтастығы сақталғандықтан отадан кейінгі дренаж да аз болды (160.9±16.7 vs 136.7±16.6 vs 82.2±16.5 мл). Сонымен қатар гемотрансфузия бойынша эритроцитарлы масса қолдану және жаңа мұздатылған плазма қолдану 3- топта ең аз мөлшерде (15 vs 20 vs 8 науқастар) және статистикалық маңыздылығы (р<0.01) анықталды Қорытынды: a. et v. Mammaria interna dextra амырларын сақтаумен жасалатын алдыңғы латеральды миниторакотомия әдісі нәтижесінде қан құю қажеттілігі төмендейді, және қан құюдан бголатын асқынулардан қашықтанады.
ANALYSIS OF FEASIBILITY OF MURABAHAH SELLING PRICES IN CONFORMITY TO THE MUI FATWA (Case Study of the Salimah Multi-Business Cooperative in Singkawang City)
Authors: Nuryani Winda Nuryani
Published: July 2024

This thesis is the result of research that discusses the appropriateness of the murabahah selling price for the suitability of the MUI DSN Fatwa in the Salimah multi-business cooperative (KUSUMA) in Singkawang City. This research refers to sharia cooperatives carrying out their business based on Islamic law in accordance with the applicable regulations issued by the MUI DSN Fatwa which is also regulated in Law No. 2 of 1992 article 87 paragraph 3 concerning cooperatives where cooperatives can run their business on the basis of economic principles. sharia. One of them is in buying and selling transactions that use the Murabaha selling price system. Sharia cooperatives must state the selling price held by both parties in principle which includes the range of initial value and margin desired as a profit from the sharia system. In order to avoid incidents that become risk factors in murabahah transactions, it is necessary to determine standard prices.Keywords: Sharia Cooperative; Murabahah Selling Price, Margin, DSN MUI Fatwa
Analisis Pemanfaatan Harta Waris Dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Ahli Waris Di Desa Puguk Kecamatan Sungai Ambawang
Authors: Fahmi Muhammad Amirul fahmi
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mengetahui pemanfaatan harta warisan oleh ahli waris di Desa Puguk Kecamatan Sungai Ambawang serta untuk mengetahui harta warisan dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan ahli waris di Desa Puguk Kecamatan Sungai Ambawang. Jenis penelitian ini bersifat Deskripsif Kualitatif. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data di antaranya adalah wawancara dan dokumentasi. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan dalam pemanfaatan harta warisan masyarakat Desa Puguk cukup baik dimana hampir semua ahli waris dapat pemanfaatkan harta warisan tersebut. Harta warisan yang paling banyak di manfaatkan ialah tanah dan motor. Namun terdapat juga ahli waris yang tidak mampu memanfaatkan dan mengeola harta tersebut dengan baik dikarenakan kurangnya pengalaman dalam perkebunan, pertanian dan diimbangi dengan kekurangan modal dalam memngelola harta warisan tersebut. Tingkat kesejahteraan dalam pemanfaatan harta warisan oleh ahli waris di Desa Puguk, lebih banyak masyarakat yang meningkat kesejahteraannya setelah menerima harta warisan, dikarenakan dalam pemanfaatan akan harta warisan yang diterima dikelola dengan baik yang dialokasikan kesektor pertanian dan perkebunan. Sedangkan hanya sedikit masyarakat yang kurang meningkat kesejahteraannya setelah menerima harta warisan, hal ini disebabkan karena kekurangan modal, pengalaman dan tenaga dalam mengelola harta warisan tersebut. .Kata Kunci : Harta Warisan, Ahli Waris, Pemanfaatan, Kesejahteraan
DiffInt: A Pharmacophore-Aware Diffusion Model for Structure-Based Drug Design with Explicit Hydrogen Bond Interaction Guidance
Authors: Sako Masami , YASUO NOBUAKI , Sekijima Masakazu
Published: July 2024

The design of drug molecules is a critical stage in the drug discovery process. The use of pharmacophore models in structure-based drug discovery has long played an important role in efficient development. Significant progress has been made in recent years in the generation of 3D molecules via deep generation models. However, while many existing models have succeeded in incorporating structural information of target proteins, they have not been able to address important interactions between proteins and drug molecules, especially hydrogen bonds, explicitly. In this study, we propose DiffInt as a novel structure-based approach that explicitly addresses interactions. The model naturally incorporates hydrogen bonds between the protein and ligand by treating them as pseudoparticles. The experimental results show that DiffInt reproduces hydrogen bonds and that the hydrogen binding energies significantly outperform those of existing models. To facilitate the use of our tool for generating new drug molecules based on any protein three-dimensional structure, we have made the source code and trained model available on GitHub (https://github.com/sekijima-lab/DiffInt) under the MIT license, with the execution environment provided on Google Colab.
Experimentally Guided Neural Network and Statistical Forecasting of Membrane Water/Salt Selectivity with Minimal Mean Errors
Authors: Ansary Jamal , Merugu Saketh , Gupta Anju
Published: July 2024

Membrane life and performance are the key determining factors in the adoption of membrane-based processes for water treatment and separations. This work investigated various time series models following hold-out validation of experimentally generated water vapor flux and saltwater rejection rates. The membrane properties were optimized by incorporating nanomaterials to induce wetting and porosity and develop correlations between membrane properties and high fluxes. The fine-tuned Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), Prophet, Exponential Smoothing, and Neural Prophet models were trained on the experimental dataset (N= 434) collected over 36 hours to forecast for 72 hrs. The results demonstrate the suitability of the Exponential Smoothing statistical model for predicting and forecasting membrane performance with the lowest value of root mean square error (RMSE) at 0.006 and mean absolute error (MAE) at 0.007. This is attributed to the intrinsic features of attributed to its non-linear data fitting approach, which employs weighted averages to mitigate nonstationary behavior of data. The modeling approach proposed in this study could be a more efficient alternative to traditional experimental studies, potentially leading to significant cost and time savings in the research and development phase of membrane distillation processes.
Tailoring Unstrained Pyrrolidines via Reductive C–N Bond Cleavage with Lewis Acid and Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Hirao Marina , Aida Kazuhiro , Saitoh Tsuyoshi , Yamamoto Takashi , Einaga Yasuaki , Ota Eisuke , Yamaguchi Junichiro
Published: July 2024

Skeletal remodeling of unstrained azacycles such as pyrrolidine remains a formidable challenge in synthetic chemistry. To achieve such remodeling, continuous development of the cleavage of inert C–N bonds is essential. In this study, we introduce an effective strategy for the reductive cleavage of C–N bond in N-benzoyl pyrrolidine, leveraging a combination of Lewis acid and photoredox catalysis. This method involves single-electron transfer to the amide, followed by site-selective cleavage at C2–N bond. Cyclic voltammetry and NMR studies demonstrated that the Lewis acid is crucial for promoting the single-electron transfer from the photoredox catalyst to the amide carbonyl group. This protocol is widely applicable to various pyrrolidine-containing molecules and enables inert C–N bond cleavage including C–C bond formation via intermolecular radical addition. Furthermore, the current protocol successfully converts pyrrolidines to aziridines, lactones, and tetrahydrofurans, demonstrating the potential to expand synthetic strategies in skeletal remodeling.
Thiophene-fused aromatic belts
Authors: Shudo Hiroki , Wiesener Philipp , Kolodzeiski Elena , Mizukami Kiichi , Mönig Harry , Amirjalayer Saeed , Sakamoto Hirotoshi , Klaasen Henning , Ravoo Bart Jan , Kimizuka Nobuo , Yagi Akiko , Itami Kenichiro
Published: July 2024

Aromatic belts, ultrashort carbon nanotubes and related structures, are emerging molecular entities in the fields of organic electronics and supramolecular chemistry owing to their structural rigidity, fully fused π-conjugation, and well-defined cavity. Synthesis of aromatic belts with embedded thiophene structures, which manifest significant optoelectronic and conductive properties, has not yet been achieved. Herein, we report the synthesis of long sought-after thiophene-fused aromatic belts (thiophene belts) via one-step sulfur cross-linking reaction of partially fluorinated cycloparaphenylenes. Their unique structural features, including unidirectional columnar stacking with high dipole moment in crystals, two-dimensional layer assembly on metal surfaces, and unique photophysical properties, such as long-lifetime phosphorescence, were uncovered. These distinctive features of the thiophene belts should inspire a range of applications such as next-generation optoelectronic devices and polar materials.
Diagnosis and management of patients with pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma: Consensus of experts of the Russian Medical Society for Arterial Hypertension and the Multidisciplinary Group for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Blinova Nataliya V. , Ilovayskaya Irena A. , Chikhladze Novella M. , Lugovskaya Anna Yu. , Britvin Timur A. , Gurevich Larisa E. , Nefedova Lidia N. , Shikina Valentina E. , Chazova Irina E.
Published: July 2024

The understanding of the nature of catecholamine-secreting tumors has changed significantly in recent years, affecting terminology and classification. Phaeochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PCC/PG) is a rare neuroendocrine tumor from chromaffin tissue that produces and secretes catecholamines. The incidence of PCC/PG is relatively low, with 2–8 cases per 1 million population per year; among patients with arterial hypertension, their prevalence is 0.2–0.6%. However, delayed diagnosis of PCC/PG is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular complications and a high mortality rate. The consensus presents the clinical manifestations of the disease with an emphasis on the course of arterial hypertension as the most common symptom in PCC/PG; modern ideas about the features of diagnosis, aspects of preoperative preparation, treatment, and follow-up of patients with PCC/PG are considered.
Chronic kidney disease and chronic heart failure: impact on prognosis and choice of pathogenetic therapy
Authors: Mezhonov Evgeny M. , Reitblat Oleg M. , Vyalkina Yulia A. , Airapetian Anna A. , Lazareva Natalia V. , Ageev Fail T. , Blankova Zoya N. , Svirida Olga N. , Prints Yulia Sh. , Zhirov Igor V. , Tereshchenko Sergey N. , Boytsov Sergey A.
Published: July 2024

Aim. To evaluate the impact of a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) on the prognosis of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), to analyze real clinical practice regarding the frequency of prescribing pathogenetic therapy for CHF, achieving target dosages depending on the gradation of GFR in patients included in the CHF Register of the Tyumen region.
Materials and methods. The analysis included medical data of 4077 patients (1662 men and 2415 women) with NYHA class I–IV CHF who underwent examination and treatment in medical organizations of the Tyumen region for the period from January 2020 to May 2023. Criteria for inclusion in the register: proven heart failure. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was assessed by GFR calculated using the CKD-EPI formula (ml/min/1.73 m2). The primary end point was defined as death from all causes.
Results. GFR60 ml/min/1.73 m2 was recorded in 34.6% of patients, more common in women (40.2 and 26.6%, respectively; p0.001). When dividing patients into phenotypes according to LVEF, no statistically significant differences were found in the distribution of patients according to GFR. In patients with HFrEF and HFpEF GFR45 ml/min/1.73 m2 was associated with an increased risk of meeting the endpoint. Analysis of prescribed pathogenetic therapy showed that in patients with HFrEF, the frequency of prescription of ACE inhibitors, â-blockers and MRA decreased (p=0.023, 006 and 0.01, respectively), and ARNI, on the contrary, increased with a decrease in GFR (p=0.026). In patients with HFpEF, a similar trend towards a decrease in the frequency of prescription of ACEIs and MCBs with a decrease in GFR (p0.001) remained, but it was compensated by an inversely proportional increase in the frequency of prescription of ARBs (p0.001). 100% of the target dosage is achieved in more than 90% of patients taking MRA across the entire LVEF range. While for â-blockers and ARNI/ACE/ARB the percentage of patients receiving the full therapeutic dosage of drugs is significantly lower. When analyzing target dosages of pathogenetic drugs, gradations of achieved doses were distributed evenly throughout the entire range of GFR.
Conclusion. GFR60 ml/min/1.73 m2 occurs in every 3 patients with CHF across the entire range of LVEF. A decrease in GFR worsens the prognosis of patients with both HFrEF and HFpEF, increasing in direct proportion with the severity of the stage of CKD. Inclusion of patients in the monitoring program within the framework of the CHF service allows the treatment to be significantly brought closer to optimal drug therapy, at the same time, certain efforts are required to overcome difficulties with titration to target dosages.
The last illness of I.S. Turgenev
Authors: Dvoretsky Leonid I.
Published: July 2024

The article discusses the causes and course of the last illness of I.S. Turgenev. The writer was consulted by many famous French and Russian doctors who made various diagnoses and used various methods of treatment. The primary disease that caused Turgenev's death is myxosarcoma (one of the sarcoma variants), involving soft tissues and thoracic vertebrae. The article presents data and discusses alternative diagnostic versions about the nature of the disease and the causes of death of the great Russian writer.
Growth parameters of the clupeids Limnothrissa miodon and Stolothrissa tanganicae in northern Lake Tanganyika (Bujumbura sub-basin)
Authors: Mulimbwa N'Sibula T. , Gordó-Vilaseca Cesc , Milec Leona J.M. , Patel Deepti M. , Kankonda Busanga Alidor , Micha Jean-Claude , Sarvala Jouko , Raeymaekers Joost A.M.
Published: July 2024

The analysis of growth parameters in fish stocks, such as the asymptotic length (L∞) and the curvature parameter (K), is crucial for the estimation of production rates and total mortality rates in fisheries management. Here, we estimated the growth parameters of the clupeids Limnothrissa miodon and Stolothrissa tanganicae in the northern part of Lake Tanganyika (Bujumbura sub-basin). Both species are important targets of pelagic fisheries, but the available estimates are based on scarce size frequency data, and rarely on size as a function of age data. We provide new estimates of L∞ and K based on size as a function of age data, with age being inferred from otolith weights. Furthermore, we reanalyze several existing length frequency datasets using advanced statistical procedures to test if growth parameters estimated by length frequency analysis are consistent with those obtained from size as a function of age. We found that length frequency analysis consistently underestimates L∞ and overestimates K as compared to length-at-age data. We recommend that length-at-age data are collected at a much broader spatial and temporal scale than currently available to advance our understanding of the growth dynamics of these two sardine species. This will improve the assessment of stock productivity of Lake Tanganyika’s pelagic fisheries and the conservation of these economically important fish species.
Intellectual property rights
Authors: Rehan Haider , Asghar Mehdi , Geetha Kumari Das
Published: July 2024

This paper explores the complex relationship between drug patents and access to medicine, highlighting the implications for public health and innovation. Patents play a crucial role in incentivizing pharmaceutical innovation by granting exclusive rights to inventors for a limited period of time. However, the monopolistic nature of patents can hinder access to essential medicines, especially in developing countries where affordability is a significant barrier. This paper examines the balance between fostering innovation and ensuring affordable access to medication, emphasizing the tension between patent care and public health objectives. Key issues discussed include the impact of patents on drug pricing, the role of generic competition in lowering prices, and the strategies employed by pharmaceutical companies to extend patent protection. The paper also discusses the role of international trade agreements and intellectual property laws in shaping access to medicine, focusing on the flexibilities in compulsory licensing and parallel imports. Through a review of case studies and empirical evidence, this paper evaluates the impact of various policy interventions designed to reconcile patent rights with public health priorities. These include initiatives to promote technology transfer, strengthen generic competition, and enhance regulatory frameworks for patent examination and enforcement. The paper also considers the importance of balancing incentives for innovation with safeguards against abuse. This ensures equitable access to medicines for all.
Conections between platelets amino acids profile and known cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation
Authors: Melnychuk I.O.
Published: July 2024

The aim of our work was to identify the relationship between platelet amino acid profile and cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with coronary heart disease and atrial fibrillation. 300 patients were examined, who were divided into 3 groups: the first (I) – 149 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and without arrhythmias, the second (II) – 123 patients with CAD and paroxysm of atrial fibrillation (AF) and the control group (CG) – 28 patients without CAD and arrhythmia. The platelets amino acid (AA) profile was determined by ion exchange liquid column chromatography. Cardiometabolic risk factors studied: total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), lipoprotein α (Lpα), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), trimethylamine (TMA) and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). Significant increase of isoleucine (10.73%), leucine (12.63%) and decrease of threonine (23.05%), serine (5.06%), glycine (32.21%), valine (30.83%) levels in platelet AA profile was observed in patients with CAD and AF compared to patients with CAD without arrhythmias, p<0.05. Also, significant increase of apolipoprotein B (29.91%), CRP (40.93%), IL-6 (22.93%), TMA (16.13%) and TMAO (57.54%) and decrease of TMA/TMAO ratio (26.16%) was found in CAD with AF patients compared to CAD patients without arrhythmia, p<0.05. The highest number of correlations was found between platelets AA profile and TMA/TMAO ratio (total number =7), TC (total number =7) and fibrinogen levels (total number =6). In addition, most correlations were found between glycine (total =12), threonine (total =6), glutamate (total =6), valine (total =6), and cardiometabolic risk factors. The level of glycine in platelets is correlated with most cardiometabolic risk factors, such as: age (r=-0.305), BMI (r=-0.351), TC (r=-0.304), LDL (r=-0.348), ApoA1 (r=0.373 ), ApoB (r=-0.347), IL-6 (r=-0.315), TMAO (r=-0.654), TMA/TMAO ratio (r=0.688), prothrombin index (r=0.317), activated partial thromboplastin time (r=-0.365) and fibrinogen level (r=-0.396), p<0.05. So, in our work, the relationship between platelets AA profile and cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with CAD with AF was revealed. According to the results of the correlation analysis with known cardiometabolic risk factors, an important pathogenetic role of the glycine, threonine, valine and glutamate platelets levels in CAD and AF patients was revealed.