bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“That’s just the way it is”: bullying and harassment in STEM academia
Authors: Corbett Estelle , Barnett Julie , Yeomans Lucy , Blackwood Leda
Published: May 2024

Background

The under-representation of women and other minority group members in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) academia is a problem internationally and is attributed in part to hostile workplace cultures. We draw on the social identity perspective to examine the dynamic inter and intragroup processes entailed in these experiences. In this paper, we report a reflexive thematic analysis of 219 responses to a free-text question on bullying and harassment embedded in a national survey of 40 STEM departments from across the United Kingdom. Most were women (53%) at an early, pre-lectureship career stage.

Main findings

Our analysis shows who is the perpetrator and who is the victim is not arbitrary, and neither is the form that it takes; majority group members draw on discourses that warrant the exclusion of minority group members (e.g., women are not smart; incompatibility with religious identity). In this ‘othering’, minority group members learn that one is not regarded as a bona fide STEM academic ingroup member and accordingly are constrained in being able to claim and act on that identity. Thus, it is not just the acts themselves that are problematic, but the ways in which being denied a shared STEM academic identity is consequential for a range of putative benefits and leads to a range of strategies that all confer costs.

Conclusions/potential implications

The solution must rest with senior STEM academics and with institutions. First, we need to challenge discourses and practices that narrowly define the boundaries and content of STEM academic identity. Second, all members of a community need to perceive an alignment between the purported values of an organisation for diversity, inclusion, and respect and how that organisation responds when those principles are violated. Formal processes of remedy need to recognise the dynamics entailed in status differences and remove the onus of complaint from isolated, low status individuals. In addition, there is a need to recognise the ways in which perpetrators are embedded in networks of support both within and without the university; and the importance, therefore, of widening the scope of evidence gathering and intervention.
Tablet-based Augmented reality and 3D printed templates in fully guided Microtia Reconstruction: a clinical workflow
Authors: Díez-Montiel Alberto , Pose-Díez-de-la-Lastra Alicia , González-Álvarez Alba , Salmerón José I. , Pascau Javier , Ochandiano Santiago
Published: May 2024

Background

Microtia is a congenital malformation of the auricle that affects approximately 4 of every 10,000 live newborns. Radiographic film paper is traditionally employed to bidimensionally trace the structures of the contralateral healthy ear in a quasi-artistic manner. Anatomical points provide linear and angular measurements. However, this technique proves time-consuming, subjectivity-rich, and greatly dependent on surgeon expertise. Hence, it’s susceptible to shape errors and misplacement.

Methods

We present an innovative clinical workflow that combines 3D printing and augmented reality (AR) to increase objectivity and reproducibility of these procedures. Specifically, we introduce patient-specific 3D cutting templates and remodeling molds to carve and construct the cartilaginous framework that will conform the new ear. Moreover, we developed an in-house AR application compatible with any commercial Android tablet. It precisely guides the positioning of the new ear during surgery, ensuring symmetrical alignment with the healthy one and avoiding time-consuming intraoperative linear or angular measurements. Our solution was evaluated in one case, first with controlled experiments in a simulation scenario and finally during surgery.

Results

Overall, the ears placed in the simulation scenario had a mean absolute deviation of 2.2 ± 1.7 mm with respect to the reference plan. During the surgical intervention, the reconstructed ear was 3.1 mm longer and 1.3 mm wider with respect to the ideal plan and had a positioning error of 2.7 ± 2.4 mm relative to the contralateral side. Note that in this case, additional morphometric variations were induced from inflammation and other issues intended to be addressed in a subsequent stage of surgery, which are independent of our proposed solution.

Conclusions

In this work we propose an innovative workflow that combines 3D printing and AR to improve ear reconstruction and positioning in microtia correction procedures. Our implementation in the surgical workflow showed good accuracy, empowering surgeons to attain consistent and objective outcomes.
Navigating uterine niche 360 degree: a narrative review
Authors: Zakherah Mahmoud , Mohamed Ahmed A. , Rageh Abdulrahman M. , Abdel-aleem Mahmoud
Published: May 2024

Background

The increasing prevalence of cesarean section (CS) deliveries globally has sparked apprehension regarding potential long-term complications, notably the emergence of uterine niches. CS results in a scar that in certain patients, inadequate healing of that scar results in the development of a uterine niche. While most small niches show no symptoms, large cesarean scar niches in nonpregnant women can give rise to cesarean scar disorder syndrome. This syndrome is characterized by abnormal uterine bleeding, dysmenorrhea, and secondary infertility. In pregnant women, the presence of substantial niches may be linked to potentially life-threatening complications, including cesarean scar dehiscence, uterine rupture, placenta accreta spectrum disorders, placenta previa, and cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy.

Main body

Given the potential dangers associated with uterine niche occurrence, numerous studies in recent years have delved into the concept of cesarean scar niche, exploring its risk factors, diagnostic approaches, and treatment options. Various diagnostic modalities, such as two- or three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasonography, two- and three-dimensional sono-hysterography, hysterosalpingography, hysteroscopy, or magnetic resonance imaging, can be employed to detect uterine niches. However, none of these diagnostic methods is universally accepted as the “gold standard,” and there remains a lack of unequivocal guidelines on certain aspects related to the diagnosis of cesarean scar niche. These niches, characterized by hypoechoic regions within the myometrium at the site of a previous CS scar, pose diagnostic complexities and provoke inquiries into their prevalence, factors influencing their development, clinical presentations, and appropriate therapeutic approaches.

Conclusion

As CS rates rise, this review aims to understand and address uterine niches and mitigate their impact on maternal health and reproductive outcomes.
Evaluation of ivabradine plus beta-blocker versus beta-blocker alone in addition to standard care in reducing hospitalization and major adverse cardiovascular event in patients with chronic heart failure: a prospective observational study in tertiary care hospital in central India
Authors: Desingu Ramyaa , Kaore Shilpa , Kandelwal Gaurav , Balakrishnan S.
Published: May 2024

Background

In recent years, there has been an increase in cases of heart failure, ultimately leading to an increase in hospitalization for heart failure (HF) and cardiovascular mortality. The aim of our study was to evaluate ivabradine combined with beta-blocker versus beta-blocker alone in addition to standard care for chronic heart failure, followed for a period of 6 months for the rate of hospitalization and major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF < 35%).

Results

A total of 64 patients were included in this observational study with 30 patients in the ivabradine + beta-blocker (IVA + BB) group and 34 in the beta-blocker (BB) group. The median (IQR) age of the study sample was 57 (50–62) and 58.5 (55–67) in IVA + BB and BB groups, respectively, with LVEF < 35%. The incidence of the primary endpoint of composite MACE (MI, stroke, death, worsening of HF) was 5 in both groups. The mean heart rate was significantly decreased (p < 0.001) at 3-month and 6-month follow-up from baseline in the ivabradine + beta-blocker group as compared to the beta-blocker group alone, while it significantly increased in the beta-blocker group at 3 months (p < 0.01) and also at sixth months (p < 0.05). Parameters such as the New York Heart Association (NYHA) class and the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure questionnaire (MLWHFQ) were also assessed but did not show significant change.

Conclusion

Overall, observations from the study results show that IVA + BB seems to be overall well tolerated in the study sample, with a somewhat smaller decrease in hospitalization and a delay in MACE events in the sample population enrolled in a tertiary care hospital in India. Further exploration in a larger sample is required concerning the Indian population.
Posterior fossa primary intracranial extraosseous Ewing’s sarcoma: case report
Authors: Shah Shariq Ahmad , Charan Bheru Dan , Agarwal Sushant , Das Sumanta , Singh Pankaj Kumar , Sebastian Leve Joseph Devaranjan , Garg Ajay
Published: May 2024

Background

Primary intracranial Ewing’s sarcoma (ES) is a type of primitive neuroectodermal tumour and is a rare malignant tumour in children and adolescents. The imaging features of ES overlap with other central nervous system embryonal tumours, making it difficult to pinpoint a specific diagnosis. We aim to explore the clinical, neuroimaging and differential diagnoses of this entity.

Case presentation

We describe a 6-month-old infant who presented with complaints of enlarging the head size and poor feeding. Imaging revealed a contrast-enhancing large solid-cystic mass lesion with internal calcification, focal bone erosion and haemorrhage in the posterior fossa. Histopathological examinations, immunohistochemistry, and molecular analysis confirmed ES.

Conclusions

The confirmative diagnosis of primary intracranial ES requires histological examination, immunohistochemical analysis, and genetic detection, along with radiological findings. Surgical excision followed by combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy is the treatment of choice.
The outcome of posterior nasal nerve/vidian nerve neurectomy during FESS on patients of nasal polyposis associated with bronchial asthma
Authors: Elshahaat Hadeer Ahmed , Mobashir Mohamed , Elhawary Abeer , Alnemr Mohamed Abdelmohsen , Sweed Ahmed Hassan , Elmaghawry Mohammed Elsayed
Published: May 2024

Background

Worldwide, bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis are highly prevalent conditions, and numerous researches have shown how they affect one another. Still, reports about surgical treatments remain limited.

Aim

To investigate the role of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) with posterior nasal nerve/vidian neurectomy, as a surgical protocol in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP), and its effect on bronchial asthma (BA) patients’ quality of life and pulmonary function tests.

Methods

This study was a prospective observational study that involved 25 patients with BA and CRSwNP who underwent full-house FESS with bilateral posterior nasal nerve or vidian neurectomy in the Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Department and were evaluated in the Chest Department, Zagazig University, from May 2022 to December 2023. All included patients were subjected to pre- and post-operative respiratory assessments including spirometry, Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ), and Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ). Also, all patients were subjected to pre- and post-operative nasal assessment including visual analog scale (VAS), nasal endoscopic evaluation, and routine CT paranasal sinus.

Results

This study included 25 patients (11 men and 14 women; age range 18–57 years; mean ± SD of age 33.24 ± 11.3 years). There were statistically significant increases as regards forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 s according to preoperative, 3 months, and 6 months postoperative values. As regards ACQ, AQLQ, and VAS scores, there were highly statistically significant improvements according to preoperative, 3 months, and 6 months postoperative follow-up scores. Asthma medication step-down was successful in 52% of patients after 6 months of follow-up.

Conclusions

The quality of life, pulmonary function, and nasal symptoms of people with bronchial asthma combined with CRSwNP can both be alleviated after posterior nasal nerve/vidian neurectomy beside FESS.
Current research progress on the viral immune evasion mechanisms of African swine fever virus
Authors: Weng Changjiang
Published: May 2024

African swine fever (ASF), caused by the ASF virus (ASFV), is an acute, severe, and highly contagious infectious disease in domestic pigs and wild boars. Domestic pigs infected with a virulent ASFV strain can have morbidity and mortality rates of up to 100%. The epidemic of ASF has caused serious economic losses to the global pig industry. Currently, there is no safe and effective vaccine or specific drug for treating ASF. Therefore, ASFV still poses a great threat to pig factories. ASFV is a double-stranded DNA virus with a complex icosahedral multilayer structure. The ASFV genome contains 150–170 open reading frames (ORFs) that encode 150–200 proteins. Some ASFV-encoded proteins are involved in virus invasion, genome replication, DNA repair, and virion formation. Some ASFV proteins execute immunomodulatory functions by regulating the host antiviral innate immune response. Accumulating studies have shown that the immunomodulatory functions of ASFV genes are closely related to the virulence and pathogenicity of ASFV isolates. This review summarizes the research advances on ASFV immune evasion mechanisms in African swine fever patients and provides new insights for developing attenuated live vaccine candidates to prevent and control ASF.
Lorlatinib Versus Crizotinib in Patients With Advanced
ALK
-Positive Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: 5-Year Outcomes From the Phase III CROWN Study
Authors: Solomon Benjamin J. , Liu Geoffrey , Felip Enriqueta , Mok Tony S.K. , Soo Ross A. , Mazieres Julien , Shaw Alice T. , de Marinis Filippo , Goto Yasushi , Wu Yi-Long , Kim Dong-Wan , Martini Jean-François , Messina Rossella , Paolini Jolanda , Polli Anna , Thomaidou Despina , Toffalorio Francesca , Bauer Todd M.
Published: May 2024

PURPOSE

Lorlatinib improved progression-free survival (PFS) and intracranial activity versus crizotinib in patients with previously untreated, advanced,
ALK
-positive non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the phase III CROWN study. Here, we report long-term outcomes from CROWN after 5 years of follow-up.

METHODS

Two hundred ninety-six patients with
ALK
-positive NSCLC were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive lorlatinib 100 mg once daily (n = 149) or crizotinib 250 mg twice daily (n = 147). This post hoc analysis presents updated investigator-assessed efficacy outcomes, safety, and biomarker analyses.

RESULTS

With a median follow-up for PFS of 60.2 and 55.1 months, respectively, median PFS was not reached (NR [95% CI, 64.3 to NR]) with lorlatinib and 9.1 months (95% CI, 7.4 to 10.9) with crizotinib (hazard ratio [HR], 0.19 [95% CI, 0.13 to 0.27]); 5-year PFS was 60% (95% CI, 51 to 68) and 8% (95% CI, 3 to 14), respectively. Median time to intracranial progression was NR (95% CI, NR to NR) with lorlatinib and 16.4 months (95% CI, 12.7 to 21.9) with crizotinib (HR, 0.06 [95% CI, 0.03 to 0.12]). Safety profile was consistent with that in prior analyses. Emerging new
ALK
resistance mutations were not detected in circulating tumor DNA collected at the end of lorlatinib treatment.

CONCLUSION

After 5 years of follow-up, median PFS has yet to be reached in the lorlatinib group, corresponding to the longest PFS ever reported with any single-agent molecular targeted treatment in advanced NSCLC and across all metastatic solid tumors. These results coupled with prolonged intracranial efficacy and absence of new safety signals represent an unprecedented outcome for patients with advanced
ALK
-positive NSCLC and set a new benchmark for targeted therapies in cancer.
Quantitative Analysis of Hemodynamic Changes in Branch Arteries Covered by Flow Diverters
Authors: You Wei , Wei Dachao , Gui Siming , Jiang Jia , Chen Ting , Tang Yudi , Ye Wanxing , Lv Jian , Lin Jun , Chen Peike , Wang Ziyao , Gong Wentao , Jin Hengwei , Ge Huijian , Jiang Yuhua , Sun Yong , Li Youxiang
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Understanding post-treatment hemodynamic alterations and their association with the patency of covered branch arteries is limited. This study aims to identify hemodynamic changes after flow diverter stenting and investigate their correlation with the patency status of covered branch arteries.

METHODS:

All patients treated with pipeline embolization device for anterior cerebral artery aneurysms at our center between 2016 and 2020 were screened for inclusion. Quantitative digital subtraction angiography was used to analyze changes in hemodynamic parameters pre- and post-stenting. The patency status of covered branch arteries after stenting was categorized as either patent or flow impairment (defined as artery stenosis or occlusion).

RESULTS:

A total of 71 patients, encompassing 89 covered branch arteries, were enrolled. Flow impairment was observed in 11.2% (10/89) of the branches. The mean transit time and full width at half maximum (FWHM) in covered branches were significantly prolonged post-stenting (P = .004 and .023, respectively). Flow-impaired branch arteries exhibited hemodynamic shifts contrary to those in patent branch arteries. Specifically, flow-impaired branches showed marked reductions in time to peak, FWHM, and mean transit time (decreases of 32.8%, 32.6%, and 29%, respectively; P = .006, .002, and .002, respectively). Further multivariate analysis revealed that reductions in FWHM in the branches (odds ratio = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95-0.99, P = .007) and smoking (odds ratio = 14.5, 95% CI: 1.39-151.76, P = .026) were independent predictors of flow impairment of covered branches.

CONCLUSION:

Pipeline embolization device stenting can cause a reduction in blood flow in branch arteries. Compared with patent branches, flow-impaired branches exhibit an increase in blood flow velocity after stenting. Smoking and ΔFWHM in the covered branches indicate flow impairment.
Case Report: Wellens syndrome in acute critical coronary occlusion saved by collateral
Authors: Alsagaff Mochamad Yusuf , Putra Tony Santoso , Khrisna Bagus Putra Dharma , Nugraha Ricardo Adrian
Published: May 2024

Background It is important and challenging to distinguish between acute myocardial infarction and Wellens syndrome due to its time to intervention. Difficulties in differentiating between subtypes could mean the patients are overtreated or receive undertreatment. Case report A 57-year-old man was referred to our emergency ward with acute onset of chest pain. Electrocardiograms changes were suggestive of type A Wellens syndrome. Nitroglycerin was administrated, the patient's chest pain disappeared, and we planned an early invasive strategy. He had a previous documented electrocardiogram before he went for catheterization and based on the second electrocardiogram changes were suggestive of an ST-elevation. As the result of the invasive strategy, it was found that there was single-vessel disease, critical occlusion in the middle of the left anterior descending artery coronary artery with collateral from the right coronary artery. After two days of observation in the Intensive Cardiovascular Care Unit, the patient improved and was transferred to Low Care Unit. Conclusions The case highlights Wellens syndrome in acute critical occlusion with collateral artery.
Easing genomic surveillance: A comprehensive performance evaluation of long-read assemblers across multi-strain mixture data of HIV-1 and Other pathogenic viruses for constructing a user-friendly bioinformatic pipeline
Authors: Wattanasombat Sara , Tongjai Siripong
Published: May 2024

Background Determining the appropriate computational requirements and software performance is essential for efficient genomic surveillance. The lack of standardized benchmarking complicates software selection, especially with limited resources. Methods We developed a containerized benchmarking pipeline to evaluate seven long-read assemblers—Canu, GoldRush, MetaFlye, Strainline, HaploDMF, iGDA, and RVHaplo—for viral haplotype reconstruction, using both simulated and experimental Oxford Nanopore sequencing data of HIV-1 and other viruses. Benchmarking was conducted on three computational systems to assess each assembler’s performance, utilizing QUAST and BLASTN for quality assessment. Results Our findings show that assembler choice significantly impacts assembly time, with CPU and memory usage having minimal effect. Assembler selection also influences the size of the contigs, with a minimum read length of 2,000 nucleotides required for quality assembly. A 4,000-nucleotide read length improves quality further. Canu was efficient among de novo assemblers but not suitable for multi-strain mixtures, while GoldRush produced only consensus assemblies. Strainline and MetaFlye were suitable for metagenomic sequencing data, with Strainline requiring high memory and MetaFlye operable on low-specification machines. Among reference-based assemblers, iGDA had high error rates, RVHaplo showed the best runtime and accuracy but became ineffective with similar sequences, and HaploDMF, utilizing machine learning, had fewer errors with a slightly longer runtime. Conclusions The HIV-64148 pipeline, containerized using Docker, facilitates easy deployment and offers flexibility to select from a range of assemblers to match computational systems or study requirements. This tool aids in genome assembly and provides valuable information on HIV-1 sequences, enhancing viral evolution monitoring and understanding.
A Cross-Sectional Analysis of EMT Certification Rates among Navy Hospital Corpsmen in the INDO-PACIFIC
Authors: Watson Daniel
Published: May 2024

Introduction Until 2017, the United States Navy (USN) incorporated Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) curriculum into Basic Medical Technician Corpsman (BMTC) training program. At overseas USN and Marine Corps installations, USN hospitals and clinics must train and certify EMTs to support the Emergency Medical System (EMS) mission. The primary aim of this study is to identify the impact of removing NREMT curriculum from BMTC on NREMT exam pass rates of students stationed in the Indo-Pacific (INDOPAC) region. This study examines and analyzes 1st and 3rd attempt NREMT exam pass rates of four OCONUS installations in the INDOPAC region over 10.5 years. Materials and methods The researcher conducted a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of NREMT exam pass rates. Data were extracted from the NREMT database from four program sites in Japan. Five years of data before and after the curriculum change were included. Date ranges extracted were from January 1, 2012, to June 1, 2022. Results During the observed 10.5 years, 1093 students attempted the NREMT cognitive examination within the INDOPAC region and were included. Cumulative pass rates for 1st and 3rd attempts for all four locations for all years were 64.2% and 71.1%, respectively. Comparison of the overall INDOPAC 1st attempt pass rate before and after BMTC curriculum change shows a 62% pass rate for 2012–2017 (before EMT curriculum removal) and a 66% pass rate for 2017-2022 (after removal). The two means do not show statistical significance as the p-value is determined to be 0.172 (P>0.05). Conclusions No statistical correlation between students before and after the curriculum change was found. A correlation was identified between pass rates and delayed examination, indicating if the national exam is delayed, the rate of certification decreases.
A Review Of Islamic Ethics Research in Business Studies Through Bibliometric Coupling Analysis
Authors: Ceyhan Semih , Doğan İsmail Çağrı , Tuncdogan Aybars
Published: May 2024

Purpose: This study clarifies the structure of Islamic ethics and facilitates dialogue among studies that attempt to better understand the variables related to this research area through bibliometric methods. Design/methodology/approach: This study adopts the science mapping workflow to conduct bibliometric analysis in four main stages: research design, compilation of bibliometric data, analysis, and visualization.Findings: The clusters derived from our bibliometric analysis serve as the foundation for the construction of a robust research agenda. This bibliometric review has significant implications for the research on business ethics, international business, and organizational design. This also provides a roadmap for future research endeavors in this field. Originality/value: Islamic ethics, which has been considered a set of contextual variables that could affect organizational settings, has recently begun receiving attention from scholars of international business, business management and business ethics. However, research in this area remains nascent, and studies employing these constructs have appeared in diverse research areas. Despite the topic being an emerging field in the literature, it exhibits high levels of fragmentation, which impedes these studies from forming a coherent and impactful stream of research.
Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation: Analyzing Clinical Effectiveness
Authors: Gondko Daniel , Roman Jakub , Dębiec Patrycja , Pietrzak Nikodem
Published: May 2024

Introduction and Purpose: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a critical component in the management of patients recovering from cardiac events and procedures. This review aims to critically analyze the clinical effectiveness of exercise-based interventions within cardiac rehabilitation programs.
State of Knowledge: Recent studies have highlighted the role of structured exercise programs in improving cardiovascular health metrics, such as blood pressure, lipid profile, and cardiac function. Exercise-based CR has shown significant benefits in reducing mortality, improving exercise capacity, and enhancing the quality of life in cardiac patients. Challenges persist, however, in the adoption of uniform protocols and the integration of these programs into standard care. The review discusses various types of exercises included in CR, such as aerobic, resistance, and flexibility training, and evaluates their effectiveness based on recent clinical trials and cohort studies.
Summary: Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation is an effective strategy for enhancing cardiac health and patient recovery post-cardiac event. It is imperative that healthcare providers advocate for and integrate comprehensive exercise programs into the rehabilitation process. Future research should focus on optimizing exercise protocols and expanding access to these vital services to improve outcomes across diverse patient populations. This review underscores the importance of exercise therapy in cardiac rehabilitation and advocates for its broader implementation within healthcare systems.
Análisis de vídeo-anotaciones sobre el uso de recursos tecnológicos durante el Prácticum (Analysis of video-annotations on the use of technological resources during the Practicum)
Authors: García Fuentes Olalla , Raposo Rivas Manuela , Martínez-Figueira María-Esther , Sarmiento Campos José Antonio
Published: May 2024

Las vídeo-anotaciones posibilitan nuevas interacciones asíncronas entre autor y lector, documentan las evidencias multimedia y promueven la reflexión. Con este marco de referencia, se plantea un estudio para conocer las buenas prácticas, así como los impactos, dificultades y requisitos necesarios para implementar los recursos tecnológicos en las prácticas externas de los títulos de Educación. Participan 26 personas que poseen roles diferentes. Se han realizado entrevistas grabadas que se examinan mediante vídeo-anotaciones y cuyos datos se tratan con un análisis textual y factorial, junto con una técnica de clasificación jerárquica. Los resultados muestran 90 segmentos de texto constituidos por 2.657 palabras y 751 formas activas suplementarias, que se agrupan en seis factores. Los resultados muestran una distribución desigual de las variables establecidas entre los grupos y una relación estadísticamente significativa. Se concluye que existe confluencia entre los grupos empleo, comunicación y seguimiento, por un lado; por otro, los grupos aprendizaje, tipología e implicaciones. Existe también una mayor frecuencia en las categorías ‘requerimientos’ e ‘impacto’, lo que pone de manifiesto un discurso de los entrevistados centrado en aquellas cuestiones relacionadas con las exigencias necesarias para implementar las tecnologías en el Prácticum y las mejoras que aportan en este momento formativo.
Implementación: El poder del blended learning en la era La guerra de la IA en la Indonesia (Implementation of the Power of Blended Learning in the AI War Era in Indonesia: An Empirical Study)
Authors: Fauzi Muhamad , Jhoni M , Mohammad Maslinawati , Mabruroh Mabruroh Faizatul , Oviyanti Fitri
Published: May 2024

Este estudio investiga los factores que influyen en la implementación del aprendizaje combinado y la inteligencia artificial (IA) en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje en Indonesia. Se proponen cinco factores: Estructura y Sistema de Apoyo, Horario de Aprendizaje Combinado, Apoyo Pedagógico, Método en el Aprendizaje Combinado y Evaluación en el Aprendizaje Combinado. El estudio empleó un método de encuesta por cuestionario para recopilar datos de 625 profesores que habían implementado el aprendizaje combinado en universidades de Indonesia. Para el análisis de los datos se empleó el modelo de ecuaciones estructurales mediante el método de mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS-SEM). Los resultados del estudio demuestran que las cinco variables independientes (Estructura y Sistema de Apoyo, Horario de Aprendizaje Combinado, Apoyo Pedagógico, Método en Aprendizaje Combinado y Evaluación en BL) exhiben una correlación positiva significativa con la variable dependiente, Blended Learning-IA en la enseñanza del aprendizaje. Los resultados de este estudio aportan evidencia empírica para apoyar las hipótesis propuestas. El estudio también proporciona información sobre los factores que pueden influir en la eficacia de la implementación del aprendizaje combinado y la IA en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje.
Through the Narrows: The Meaning and Enactment of Interpersonal Holding
Authors: Kahn William A.
Published: May 2024

Helping practices that focus on returning members to their work tasks amid significant distress do little to attend to how they may be severely hindered by their own self-limiting responses to that distress. The focus of this study is on helping that attends to individuals limited in their responses to distress—individuals who inhabit, metaphorically, the narrows, a place of diminishment in which individuals are made smaller by accessing only specific parts of their selves. Through in-depth interviews with professionals working with individuals suffering from various distressing conditions, events, and situations, I develop generalizable theoretical insights about interpersonal holding as a specific form of helping dedicated to surfacing, expanding, and integrating aspects of individuals’ selves that have receded amid distress. The findings indicate a sequence of holding behaviors marked by three overlapping phases: holders coming alongside, linking up with, and guiding individuals in distress through narrowed intrapsychic spaces. This sequence is enabled, first, by the availability of individuals to interpersonal holding and second, by aspects of the holders that stabilize them during the complicated work of attending to the agentic selves of others. The study contributes to both the evolution of scholarship on distress helping in the context of resilience, loss, and role distress and to theory about interpersonal holding.
Acute renal thrombotic microangiopathy caused by eltrombopag and romiplostim in a patient with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and underlying antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Sood Nikhil , Kushnir Margarita , Jayavelu Bindu
Published: May 2024

Romiplostim and eltrombopag are synthetic agonists of the thrombopoietin receptor (TPO-R), commonly used for immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and sometimes in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). They are rarely associated with kidney injury. We report a case of acute kidney injury caused by romiplostim and eltrombopag in an 80-year-old male patient with MDS and ITP. He did not have systemic haemolysis syndrome but isolated acute renal thrombotic microangiopathy confirmed by kidney biopsy. He was treated with steroids, plasmapheresis and anticoagulation, with improvement in renal function. Interestingly, the patient had high antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies noted upon screening, indicating a possible new antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) diagnosis. In the presence of circulating aPL antibodies, eltrombopag may have served as a trigger, causing endothelial injury and subsequent renal microangiopathy; aPL antibodies were still significantly positive at four weeks of outpatient testing. This case and a few others reported in the literature highlight the importance of screening for aPL antibodies before initiating TPO-R agonists in patients with ITP. We suspect that using TPO-R agonists, rather than underlying aPL, caused renal failure.
Labour vs Conservative plans for the NHS: how different are they really?
Authors: Devaja Anya Raju
Published: May 2024

With a general election on the horizon, we take a look at how the party plans for healthcare will differ for the Labour and Conservative parties.
Critical reflexivities of women who cared for others during their childhood
Authors: Boado Renata , Fatyass Rocío , Murray Marjorie
Published: May 2024

This study examines the childhood care experiences of women between 20 and 30 years of age from low-income households in Santiago, Chile, by employing semi-structured interviews and qualitative analysis. At present, women understand their caregiving roles as older sisters, one which burdened them with agency practices, shaping critical reflections regarding the social organisation of care and influencing their present identity. They also articulate a desire for emotional resilience, a coping mechanism previously observed in low-income neighbourhoods in Chile. While downplaying their caregiving past, they subtly reveal the weight and regret associated with their responsibilities, influencing their reluctance to become mothers in the present. This study underscores the intricate interplay of past care experiences with present decisions, revealing the impacts of empowering discourses on women’s ideals and achievements, and the inherent fragility they carry.
National and Religious Messages in Israeli Search-and-Find Books for Children
Authors: Eshel Einat Baram
Published: May 2024

Abstract: In this article, the characteristics of Israeli search-and-find books are examined against the background of the nature of Israeli society and its attitude to children's literature. The conclusion indicates that the Israeli search-and-find books seek to establish the religious–national consciousness of the readers instead of encouraging free and independent observation.
Online Raman spectroscopy for quantitative detection and characterization of aerosolized soot
Authors: Bergqvist Saga , Bengtsson Per-Erik , Cuong Le Kim
Published: May 2024

Ex-situ Raman spectroscopy is a well-established method for the structural characterization of soot but necessitates a sampling step before analysis is made. This work studied the potential to perform Raman spectroscopic measurements of soot directly in the combustion exhaust gases, i.e., online Raman measurements. Two types of soot were produced from a Mini-CAST soot generator, one immature with high organic content and one mature with low organic content. Also, two different measurement configurations were used, a 90-degree and a backscattering configuration, as well as different polarization combinations of the laser radiation and the detected photons. Spectrally resolved Raman signals were successfully recorded and analyzed for the two soot types showing differences between the characteristic D and G peaks as well as the photoluminescence signal. Additionally, the Raman cross section was determined for both soot types and found to be higher for the immature soot. It was also found that a horizontally polarized laser excitation and a 90-degree collection angle had the best potential to reduce the interference from ambient gases. This study can be seen as a first step towards remote sensing of soot.
Ho:YLF regenerative amplifier delivering 22 mJ, 2.0 ps pulses at a 1 kHz repetition rate
Authors: Bock Martin , von Grafenstein Lorenz , Ueberschaer Dennis , Mero Mark , Nagy Tamas , Griebner Uwe
Published: May 2024

We report on a high-energy, few-ps, continuous-wave pumped Ho:YLF regenerative amplifier (RA) operating in a chirped-pulse amplification arrangement. A three-stage optical parametric amplifier serves as versatile seed source emitting broadband pulses centered at 2050 nm. It provides seed pulses with 4 µJ energy within the Ho:YLF amplification bandwidth centered at 2051 nm. Thanks to the high seed pulse energy, bifurcation instabilities are mitigated and gain narrowing is reduced for such a high-gain Ho-doped RA operating at few kHz repetition rate. At 1 kHz the Ho:YLF RA emits 22.5 mJ energy pulses with a compressed pulse duration of 2.0 ps in the stable single-pulse regime. The water cooled RA features a high extraction efficiency of 31% and exhibits a remarkable stability of 0.11% rms. Doubling the repetition rate to 2 kHz, RA pulse energy reaches 15 mJ. The demonstrated 10 GW peak power at 1 kHz and the 30 W average power at 2 kHz are the highest values reported to date for few-ps RAs operating at 2 µm wavelength.
Light-scattering-induced retardation as a high-sensitivity image contrast revealing collagen fibers
Authors: Wu Xiupin , Wang Chunyou , Gao Wanrong , Li Ran
Published: May 2024

Retardation induced by media can be used as an image contrast to depict the cumulative birefringent features and local variations of the sample, respectively. It is commonly assumed that the retardation is induced by the light propagation; however, the light scattering would generate the retardation as well. In our work, the scattering-induced retardation as a high-sensitivity image contrast for revealing collagen fibers is presented. First, it is shown that the retardation induced by fiber scattering is equal to

π

when modeled as cylinders. Using the data for the chicken breast and the palm measured by the polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography system as an example, the scattering-induced retardation is calculated. The measured value of

π

is in complete agreement with the theory, and the corresponding retardation per unit distance is two orders of magnitude greater than the light-propagation-induced retardation, demonstrating its predominant role on the overall retardation and providing a possibility for highly sensitive displays. Compared with the accumulated retardation image and the differential retardation image, the scattering-induced retardation images could exhibit sharper fiber structures even in deeper regions. This work might be helpful for the early diagnosis of collagen-related diseases.
Tunable giant Goos–Hänchen shift in Au–ReS2–graphene heterostructure
Authors: Yan Yunpeng , Zha Mingjie , Liu Junxi , Tu Jiaxing , Liu Zhibo
Published: May 2024

Enhancing and flexibly controlling the Goos–Hänchen (GH) shift directly is a significant challenge. Here, we report a tunable giant GH shift in a Au–ReS2–graphene heterostructure. The GH shift of this heterostructure demonstrates strong anisotropy and a unique “sign inversion” feature as the graphene reaches a specific thickness. Flexible control and enhancement of the GH shift to the centimeter scale can be achieved by simply rotating the crystallization direction of the heterostructure. Utilizing this feature, we designed an anisotropic refractive index sensor with a high sensitivity of 1.31 × 108 µm/RIU. This marks an order of magnitude improvement over previous research and introduces a rotation-dependent sensitivity adjustment feature. The tunable giant GH shift provides a promising approach for future designs of optical sensing and modulation devices.
Dawn and dusk satellite quantum key distribution using time and phase based encoding and polarization filtering
Authors: Simmons Cameron , Barrow Peter , Donaldson Ross
Published: May 2024

Free-space optical communication links promise better security and increase bandwidths but can suffer from noise in daylight. This is particularly detrimental in quantum communications where current mitigation techniques, such as spectral, temporal and spatial filtering, are not yet sufficient to reduce daylight to levels tolerable for satellite quantum key distribution (SatQKD). As all current SatQKD systems are polarization encoded, polarization filtering has not been investigated. However, by using time- and phase-encoded SatQKD, it is possible to filter the polarization domain and existing domains. Scattered daylight can exceed 90% degree of polarization in the visible band, yielding a reduction in detected daylight of between 3dB and 13dB. Polarization filtering can reduce the brightness of 780nm daylight to below its unfiltered equivalent at 1550nm. Through simulation, it is demonstrated that this extra domain of filtering can allow an extension in the time-window available to perform SatQKD to dawn, and thus dusk as well as an increase to the secure key rate. This could open the way for successful daylight SatQKD utilizing shorter near-infrared wavelengths and retaining their benefits.
Multiplexing information limits in ptychography
Authors: Molina Daniel Penagos , Eschen Wilhelm , Liu Chang , Limpert Jens , Rothhardt Jan
Published: May 2024

Ptychography is a lensless modality for high-resolution imaging, in which the lateral extension of the sample is only limited by the area scanned. Multiplexing capabilities are known and used to scan larger areas faster by using multiple beams simultaneously. In this work, the limits of massive multiplexing to enhance imaging throughput are systematically investigated. Through an experimental study, a more than sixfold increase in throughput is demonstrated by spatially separating and scanning independent regions with 16 beams. Furthermore, numerical multiplexed ptychography investigations with 64 beams are demonstrated, only limited by the numerical constraints imposed by the reconstruction algorithm. It is observed that the requirements for successfully reconstructing additional areas depend on both a high degree of beam overlap (i.e., more scan positions per area) and the information oversampling ratio (i.e., the ratio of measured pixels against the total pixels to be reconstructed). Exploring the limits of multiplexing paves the way for high-throughput ptychography using partially coherent light sources, such as laser-produced plasmas. Furthermore, these findings are expected to be applicable to other multiplexing scenarios, including polarisation, temporal, and spectral multiplexing.
Multiplexing limits in ptychography
Authors: Molina Daniel Penagos , Eschen Wilhelm , Liu Chang , Limpert Jens , Rothhardt Jan
Published: May 2024

Ptychography is a lensless modality for high-resolution imaging, in which the lateral extension of the sample is only limited by the area scanned. Multiplexing capabilities are known and used to scan larger areas faster by using multiple beams simultaneously. In this work, the limits of massive multiplexing to enhance imaging throughput are systematically investigated. Through an experimental study, a more than sixfold increase in throughput is demonstrated by spatially separating and scanning independent regions with 16 beams. This is the highest number of multiplexed beams to date, and the highest throughput increase reported so far. Furthermore, in a numerical investigation, multiplexed ptychography measurements with 64 beams are demonstrated, only limited by the numerical constraints imposed by the reconstruction algorithm. It is observed that the requirements for successfully reconstructing additional areas depend on both a high degree of beam overlap (i.e., more scan positions per area) and the information oversampling ratio. Exploring the limits of multiplexing paves the way for high-throughput ptychography using incoherent light sources, such as laser-produced plasmas. Furthermore, these findings are expected to be applicable to other multiplexing scenarios, including polarisation, temporal, and spectral multiplexing, such as ptychography experiments with high harmonic generation (HHG) sources, where photon flux is limited, and additional flux can be gained from multiplexing neighboring spectral lines.
Investigation on integro-differential equations with fractional boundary conditions by Atangana-Baleanu-Caputo derivative
Authors: Harisa Samy A. , Faried Nashat , Vijayaraj V. , Ravichandran C. , Morsy Ahmed
Published: May 2024

We establish, the existence and uniqueness of solutions to a class of Atangana-Baleanu (AB) derivative-based nonlinear fractional integro-differential equations with fractional boundary conditions by using special type of operators over general Banach and Hilbert spaces with bounded approximation numbers. The Leray-Schauder alternative theorem guarantees the existence solution and the Banach contraction principle is used to derive uniqueness solutions. Furthermore, we present an implicit numerical scheme based on the trapezoidal method for obtaining the numerical approximation to the solution. To illustrate our analytical and numerical findings, an example is provided and concluded in the final section.
The women’s health needs study among women from countries with high prevalence of female genital mutilation living in the United States: Design, methods, and participant characteristics
Authors: Besera Ghenet , Snead Margaret Christine , Goodwin Mary , Smoots Ashley , Bish Connie L. , Ruiz Alicia , Sayyad Ayeesha , Avripas Sabrina , Ubri Petry , Ahn Roy , Pineau Vicki , Warren Nicole , Mukangu Doris , Johnson-Agbakwu Crista E. , Goldberg Howard , Okoroh Ekwutosi ,   on behalf of The WHNS Study Team
Published: May 2024

Background

The Women’s Health Needs Study (WHNS) collected information on the health characteristics, needs, and experiences, including female genital mutilation (FGM) experiences, attitudes, and beliefs, of women aged 18 to 49 years who were born, or whose mothers were born, in a country where FGM is prevalent living in the US. The purpose of this paper is to describe the WHNS design, methods, strengths and limitations, as well as select demographic and health-related characteristics of participants.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional survey from November 2020 –June 2021 in four US metropolitan areas, using a hybrid venue-based sampling (VBS) and respondent-driven sampling (RDS) approach to identify women for recruitment.

Results

Of 1,132 participants, 395 were recruited via VBS and 737 RDS. Most were born, or their mothers were born, in either a West African country (Burkina Faso, Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, Sierra Leone, The Gambia) (39.0%) or Ethiopia (30.7%). More than a third were aged 30–39 years (37.5%) with a majority who immigrated at ages ≥13 years (86.6%) and had lived in the United States for ≥5 years (68.9%). Medicaid was the top health insurer (52.5%), followed by private health insurance (30.5%); 17% of participants had no insurance. Nearly half of women reported 1–2 healthcare visits within the past 12 months (47.7%). One in seven did not get needed health care due to cost (14.8%). Over half have ever used contraception (52.1%) to delay or avoid pregnancy and 76.9% had their last pelvic and/or Papanicolaou (pap) exam within the past 3 years. More than half experienced FGM (55.0%). Nearly all women believed that FGM should be stopped (92.0%).

Conclusion

The VBS/RDS approach enabled recruitment of a diverse study population. WHNS advances research related to the health characteristics, needs, and experiences of women living in the US from countries where FGM is prevalent.