bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anisotropic Bayesian linearized stochastic seismic inversion with multi-parameter decoupling
Authors: Yu Bo , Shi Ying , Tian Yukun , Zhou Hui , Yu Zhanqing , Zhang Yuanpeng , Wang Weihong
Published: April 2024

The shale-oil reservoir emerges as a significant unconventional energy source, commonly predicted by anisotropic seismic inversion. Considering the intricate nature of shale-oil reservoirs, it becomes imperative to consider uncertainties during anisotropic inversion. An effective approach to address this involves stochastic inversion, specifically the anisotropic Bayesian linearized inversion (ABLI), which characterizes statistical and spatial correlations of subsurface parameters through a crucial multivariate correlation matrix constructed through geostatistics. However, an inevitable challenge in stochastic inversion arises from interference during the calibration of statistical and spatial correlations of subsurface parameters. This challenge becomes particularly pronounced in anisotropic inversion, heightened by the multitude of involved model parameters. Existing decorrelation approaches primarily address statistical correlation, neglecting the impact of spatial correlation. To tackle this issue, a novel multi-parameter decoupling strategy is proposed, formulating decoupling-ABLI (D-ABLI). D-ABLI introduces an advanced decorrelation approach, and uses principal component analysis (PCA) to simultaneously eliminate impact of statistical and spatial correlations on ABLI. The decoupling enhances the inversion accuracy of model parameters in ABLI, particularly for density and anisotropic parameters. The theoretical underpinnings of the decoupling strategy are demonstrated to be reasonable, and the effectiveness of D-ABLI is proved through a theoretical data test and a field data test regarding shale-oil reservoirs. The D-ABLI results offer the capability to estimate fracture density accurately and unveil the distribution of shale oil.
Microhabitat selection by the Oscura Mountains Colorado Chipmunk (Neotamias quadrivittatus oscuraensis): an old-growth pinyon–juniper woodland specialist
Authors: O’Connell Clare N , Frey Jennifer K
Published: April 2024

Habitat specialists have been largely overlooked in old-growth pinyon–juniper woodlands, despite specialists exhibiting heightened sensitivity to anthropogenic habitat loss. Furthermore, small mammal relationships within pinyon–juniper woodlands have most commonly been investigated via species abundance or habitat use, rather than habitat selection, thereby providing limited management metrics. We used the Oscura Mountains Colorado Chipmunk (Neotamias quadrivittatus oscuraensis) as a model organism to evaluate whether old-growth conditions drive resource selection by small mammals associated with pinyon–juniper woodlands. The goal of our study was to determine resources important to the chipmunk to inform management decisions. We evaluated microhabitat selection by testing a priori predictions based on natural history characteristics of the chipmunk and the woodlands. We grouped predictions into habitat characteristics affiliated with or not affiliated with old growth. We tested predictions under a multistage modeling framework using generalized linear mixed models with a binomial response variable of use versus availability. Probability of selection by chipmunks increased with increasing mean juniper diameter and increasing variation of pinyon diameter and decreased with increased distance to rocky escape terrain and increased mean percent grass cover. Our findings support the classification of the Oscura Mountains Colorado chipmunk as an old-growth pinyon–juniper specialist, as the chipmunk displayed disproportionate preference for old-growth microhabitat conditions. We recommend management policies that conserve old-growth multiage stands of pinyons and junipers. Old-growth conditions near outcroppings, escarpments, and large boulders are of particular conservation concern. Further, thinning resulting in increased grass cover may be detrimental to this old-growth pinyon–juniper specialist.
Philosophical Acts of Wonder in Bioethics
Authors: Zhang Alexander
Published: April 2024

Two sources of possible disagreement in bioethics may be associated with pessimism about what bioethics can achieve. First, pluralism implies that bioethics engages with interlocutors who hold divergent moral beliefs. Pessimists might believe that these disagreements significantly limit the extent to which bioethics can provide normatively robust guidance in relevant areas. Second, the interdisciplinary nature of bioethics suggests that interlocutors may hold divergent views on the nature of bioethics itself—particularly its practicality. Pessimists may suppose that interdisciplinary disagreements could frustrate the goals of bioethics. In this article, I explore how wonder may alleviate the concerns of the first group of pessimists regarding problems associated with pluralism, provided that we are willing to accept some interdisciplinary frustrations. Then, I invite readers of this issue of The Journal of Medicine & Philosophy to test these intuitions by considering the role of wonder in these articles.
The combination of elevated CO2 and warmer temperature reduces photosynthetic capacity without diluting leaf N concentration in Amur linden (Tilia amurensis)
Authors: Wang Lei , Zheng Jinping , Wang Gerong , Dang Qing-Lai
Published: April 2024

Elevated CO2 and warmer temperatures represent the future environmental conditions in the context of global change. A good understanding of plant response to their combined effects is, therefore, critically important for predicting future plant performance. This study investigated the photosynthetic acclimation of Amur linden (Tilia amurensis) seedlings (current year, about 60 cm tall), a shade-tolerant tree species in the temperate broadleaf deciduous forest, to the combination of current CO2 concentration and temperature (CC) and the combination of the predicted future CO2 concentration and temperature (FC). The results show that FC promoted aboveground growth, but reduced photosynthetic capacity (Vcmax: maximum rate of RuBP carboxylation and Jmax: maximum photosynthetic electron transport rate). However, the photosynthetic rate measured under the corresponding growth CO2 concentration was still higher under FC than under CC. FC depressed the photosynthetic limiting transition point (Ci-t, An-t) from Rubisco carboxylation to RuBP regeneration, i.e. An-t decreased without a change in Ci-t. FC did not change leaf N concentration but increased the total leaf N content per tree and photosynthetic nitrogen utilization efficiency. This suggests that N utilization, rather than photosynthetic capacity, may play an important role in the acclimation of the species to future climatic conditions. This study provides new insights into the photosynthetic acclimation of Amur linden and can be used to predict its possible performance under future climatic conditions.
Redox regulation of epigenetic and epitranscriptomic gene regulatory pathways in plants
Authors: Auverlot Juline , Dard Avilien , Sáez-Vásquez Julio , Reichheld Jean-Philippe
Published: April 2024

Developmental and environmental constraints influence genome expression through complex networks of regulatory mechanisms. Epigenetic modifications and remodelling of chromatin are some of the major actors regulating the dynamic of gene expression. Unravelling the factors relaying environmental signals that induce gene expression reprogramming under stress conditions is an important and fundamental question. Indeed, many enzymes involved in epigenetic and chromatin modifications are regulated by redox pathways, through post-translational modifications of proteins or by modifications of the flux of metabolic intermediates. Such modifications are potential hubs to relay developmental and environmental changes for gene expression reprogramming. In this review, we provide an update on the interaction between major redox mediators, such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and antioxidants, and epigenetic changes in plants. We detail how redox status alters post-translational modifications of proteins, intracellular epigenetic and epitranscriptional modifications, and how redox regulation interplays with DNA methylation, histone acetylation and methylation, miRNA biogenesis, and chromatin structure and remodelling to reprogram genome expression under environmental constraints.
Sugar sensing in C4 source leaves: a gap that needs to be filled
Authors: Chen Lily , Ghannoum Oula , Furbank Robert T
Published: April 2024

Plant growth depends on sugar production and export by photosynthesizing source leaves and sugar allocation and import by sink tissues (grains, roots, stems, and young leaves). Photosynthesis and sink demand are tightly coordinated through metabolic (substrate, allosteric) feedback and signalling (sugar, hormones) mechanisms. Sugar signalling integrates sugar production with plant development and environmental cues. In C3 plants (e.g. wheat and rice), it is well documented that sugar accumulation in source leaves, due to source–sink imbalance, negatively feeds back on photosynthesis and plant productivity. However, we have a limited understanding about the molecular mechanisms underlying those feedback regulations, especially in C4 plants (e.g. maize, sorghum, and sugarcane). Recent work with the C4 model plant Setaria viridis suggested that C4 leaves have different sugar sensing thresholds and behaviours relative to C3 counterparts. Addressing this research priority is critical because improving crop yield requires a better understanding of how plants coordinate source activity with sink demand. Here we review the literature, present a model of action for sugar sensing in C4 source leaves, and suggest ways forward.
Evolution of FLOWERING LOCUS T-like genes in angiosperms: a core Lamiales-specific diversification
Authors: Zhao Jiu-Xia , Wang Shu , Wen Jing , Zhou Shi-Zhao , Jiang Xiao-Dong , Zhong Mi-Cai , Liu Jie , Dong Xue , Deng Yunfei , Hu Jin-Yong , Li De-Zhu
Published: April 2024

Plant life history is determined by two transitions, germination and flowering time, in which the phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins (PEBPs) FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and TERMINAL FLOWER1 (TFL1) play key regulatory roles. Compared with the highly conserved TFL1-like genes, FT-like genes vary significantly in copy numbers in gymnosperms, and monocots within the angiosperms, while sporadic duplications can be observed in eudicots. Here, via a systematic analysis of the PEBPs in angiosperms with a special focus on 12 representative species featuring high-quality genomes in the order Lamiales, we identified a successive lineage-specific but systematic expansion of FT-like genes in the families of core Lamiales. The first expansion event generated FT1-like genes mainly via a core Lamiales-specific whole-genome duplication (cL-WGD), while a likely random duplication produced the FT2-like genes in the lineages containing Scrophulariaceae and the rest of the core Lamiales. Both FT1- and FT2-like genes were further amplified tandemly in some families. These expanded FT-like genes featured highly diverged expression patterns and structural variation, indicating functional diversification. Intriguingly, some core Lamiales contained the relict MOTHER OF FT AND TFL1 like 2 (MFT2) that probably expanded in the common ancestor of angiosperms. Our data showcase the highly dynamic lineage-specific expansion of the FT-like genes, and thus provide important and fresh evolutionary insights into the gene regulatory network underpinning flowering time diversity in Lamiales and, more generally, in angiosperms.
Redox regulation of gene expression: proteomics reveals multiple previously undescribed redox-sensitive cysteines in transcription complexes and chromatin modifiers
Authors: Dard Avilien , Van Breusegem Frank , Mhamdi Amna
Published: April 2024

Redox signalling is crucial for regulating plant development and adaptation to environmental changes. Proteins with redox-sensitive cysteines can sense oxidative stress and modulate their functions. Recent proteomics efforts have comprehensively mapped the proteins targeted by oxidative modifications. The nucleus, the epicentre of transcriptional reprogramming, contains a large number of proteins that control gene expression. Specific redox-sensitive transcription factors have long been recognized as key players in decoding redox signals in the nucleus and thus in regulating transcriptional responses. Consequently, the redox regulation of the nuclear transcription machinery and its cofactors has received less attention. In this review, we screened proteomic datasets for redox-sensitive cysteines on proteins of the core transcription complexes and chromatin modifiers in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our analysis indicates that redox regulation affects every step of gene transcription, from initiation to elongation and termination. We report previously undescribed redox-sensitive subunits in transcription complexes and discuss the emerging challenges in unravelling the landscape of redox-regulated processes involved in nuclear gene transcription.
Discovery of a new IW And-type dwarf nova with both tilted disc and tidal instability
Authors: Sun Yongkang , Li Xin , Ao Qige , Cui Wenyuan , Zhang Bowen , Huang Yang , Shi Jianrong , Li Linlin , Liu Jifeng
Published: April 2024

IW And-type dwarf novae are anomalous Z Cam stars featured with outbursts happening during standstill states, which are not expected in the standard disc instability model. The physical mechanisms for these variations remain unclear. In this study, we report the discovery of a new candidate IW And-type dwarf nova J0652+2436, identified with its frequent outbursts from the slowly rising standstill states. Luckily, the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite observations during a long standstill state and the earlier K2 observations give a chance to find the orbital and negative superhump period in the light curve of J0652+2436, allowing the measurement of its mass ratio of 0.366. This mass ratio is marginally possible for the tidal instability to set in according to previous smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations. Thus, we propose that the outbursts in J0652+2436 are likely to be caused by the growing accretion disc during standstills, in favour of the previous hypothesis of the mechanisms lying in all IW And stars. We conclude that J0652+2436 might be the first IW And star with both a precessing tilted disc and tidal instability, which will be an important laboratory for studying the accretion disc dynamics and help understand the IW And phenomenon.
Gas-phase hydrogenation of large, astronomically relevant PAH cations
Authors: Hua Lijun , Hu Xiaoyi , Zhen Junfeng , Yang Xuejuan
Published: April 2024

To investigate the gas-phase hydrogenation processes of large, astronomically relevant cationic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules under the interstellar environments, the ion–molecule collision reaction between six PAH cations and H-atoms is studied. The experimental results show that the hydrogenated PAH cations are efficiently formed, and no even–odd hydrogenated mass patterns are observed in the hydrogenation processes. The structure of newly formed hydrogenated PAH cations and the bonding energy for the hydrogenation reaction pathways are investigated with quantum theoretical calculations. The exothermic energy for each reaction pathway is relatively high, and the competition between hydrogenation and dehydrogenation is confirmed. From the theoretical calculation, the bonding ability plays an important role in the gas-phase hydrogenation processes. The factors that affect the hydrogenation chemical reactivity are discussed, including the effect of carbon skeleton structure, the side-edged structure, the molecular size, the five- and six-membered C-ring structure, the bay region structure, and the neighbouring hydrogenation. The infrared spectra of hydrogenated PAH cations are also calculated. These results we obtain once again validate the complexity of hydrogenated PAH molecules, and provide the direction for the simulations and observations under the co-evolution interstellar chemistry network. We infer that if we do not consider other chemical evolution processes (e.g. photoevolution), then the hydrogenation states and forms of PAH compounds are intricate and complex in the interstellar medium.
Limited capability of MRI radiomics to predict primary tumor histology of brain metastases in external validation
Authors: Strotzer Quirin D , Wagner Thomas , Angstwurm Pia , Hense Katharina , Scheuermeyer Lucca , Noeva Ekaterina , Dinkel Johannes , Stroszczynski Christian , Fellner Claudia , Riemenschneider Markus J , Rosengarth Katharina , Pukrop Tobias , Wiesinger Isabel , Wendl Christina , Schicho Andreas
Published: April 2024

Background

Growing research demonstrates the ability to predict histology or genetic information of various malignancies using radiomic features extracted from imaging data. This study aimed to investigate MRI-based radiomics in predicting the primary tumor of brain metastases through internal and external validation, using oversampling techniques to address the class imbalance.

Methods

This IRB-approved retrospective multicenter study included brain metastases from lung cancer, melanoma, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and a combined heterogenous group of other primary entities (5-class classification). Local data were acquired between 2003 and 2021 from 231 patients (545 metastases). External validation was performed with 82 patients (280 metastases) and 258 patients (809 metastases) from the publicly available Stanford BrainMetShare and the University of California San Francisco Brain Metastases Stereotactic Radiosurgery datasets, respectively. Preprocessing included brain extraction, bias correction, coregistration, intensity normalization, and semi-manual binary tumor segmentation. Two-thousand five hundred and twenty-eight radiomic features were extracted from T1w (± contrast), fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), and wavelet transforms for each sequence (8 decompositions). Random forest classifiers were trained with selected features on original and oversampled data (5-fold cross-validation) and evaluated on internal/external holdout test sets using accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC).

Results

Oversampling did not improve the overall unsatisfactory performance on the internal and external test sets. Incorrect data partitioning (oversampling before train/validation/test split) leads to a massive overestimation of model performance.

Conclusions

Radiomics models’ capability to predict histologic or genomic data from imaging should be critically assessed; external validation is essential.
Internal sexual harassment among police personnel: Insights from a Birmingham, UK cross-sectional survey
Authors: Magsi Lali , Ariel Barak
Published: April 2024

Internal sexual harassment by and between police officers is understudied. We report on a perversive, damaging, and underreported phenomenon through an anonymous survey in Birmingham, UK. Overall, internal sexual harassment affects one in every five employees, with 8.3% of males and 43% of females victimized, particularly in small police units. More than two-thirds of officers who experience physical sexual harassment and half who experience non-physical sexual harassment are serial victims (three or more), indicating that some staff members are routinely targeted by their peers—especially female officers. Victims reported long-term adverse effects, including stress, anxiety, isolation, and anger, and a quarter considered leaving the organization. One in ten observe internal sexual harassment; however, bystanders refrain from reporting incidents due to the perception that such conduct constitutes banter or the desire to protect the harasser’s reputation. In light of the responses, policy implications are discussed.
Microbiota–gut–brain axis: the mediator of exercise and brain health
Authors: Kang Piao , Wang Alan Zi-Xuan
Published: April 2024

The brain controls the nerve system, allowing complex emotional and cognitive activities. The microbiota–gut–brain axis is a bidirectional neural, hormonal, and immune signaling pathway that could link the gastrointestinal tract to the brain. Over the past few decades, gut microbiota has been demonstrated to be an essential component of the gastrointestinal tract that plays a crucial role in regulating most functions of various body organs. The effects of the microbiota on the brain occur through the production of neurotransmitters, hormones, and metabolites, regulation of host-produced metabolites, or through the synthesis of metabolites by the microbiota themselves. This affects the host's behavior, mood, attention state, and the brain's food reward system. Meanwhile, there is an intimate association between the gut microbiota and exercise. Exercise can change gut microbiota numerically and qualitatively, which may be partially responsible for the widespread benefits of regular physical activity on human health. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a non-invasive method to show areas of brain activity enabling the delineation of specific brain regions involved in neurocognitive disorders. Through combining exercise tasks and fMRI techniques, researchers can observe the effects of exercise on higher brain functions. However, exercise's effects on brain health via gut microbiota have been little studied. This article reviews and highlights the connections between these three interactions, which will help us to further understand the positive effects of exercise on brain health and provide new strategies and approaches for the prevention and treatment of brain diseases.
The Mortgage Piggy Bank: Building Wealth Through Amortization
Authors: Bernstein Asaf , Koudijs Peter
Published: April 2024

In 2013, the Dutch government mandated that new conforming mortgages must fully amortize. Within a difference-in-differences design, we estimate that the marginal wealth accumulation from amortization is close to one, even five years later. Households purchasing after the reform primarily cut consumption and leisure over other savings, leading to a rise in wealth. This holds if we use life events to instrument for the timing of home purchase. Estimates are similar for seemingly unconstrained households and movers, suggesting a broad applicability of our results. Consistent with a simple model, we find lower estimates for households that appear less financially sophisticated or willing to adjust short-term consumption. Mortgage amortization schedules are among the largest savings plans in the world, and our results highlight their critical importance for household wealth building and macroprudential policies.
The Ant and the Grasshopper: Seasonality and the Invention of Agriculture
Authors: Matranga Andrea
Published: April 2024

The Neolithic revolution saw the independent development of agriculture among at least seven unconnected hunter-gatherer populations. I propose that the rapid spread of agricultural techniques resulted from increased climatic seasonality causing hunter-gatherers to adopt a sedentary lifestyle and store food for the season of scarcity. Their newfound sedentary lifestyle and storage habits facilitated the invention of agriculture. I present a model and support it with global climate data and Neolithic adoption dates, showing that greater seasonality increased the likelihood of agriculture’s invention and its speed of adoption by neighbors. This study suggests that seasonality patterns played a dominant role in determining our species’ transition to farming.
Trust in Traditional Finance and Consumer Fintech Adoption
Authors: Okat Deniz , Paaso Mikael , Pursiainen Vesa
Published: April 2024

We study the role of trust in traditional finance in the consumer adoption of various fintech products, including cryptocurrencies, peer-to-peer lending, other crowdfunding, roboadvisors, and alternative payment solutions. Using an online lab experiment, an experiment on an investment website, and a representative survey of Dutch households, we find no consistent evidence that trust in banks affects fintech adoption in any of the product categories, although we find weak evidence suggesting that trust in banks positively affects interest in alternative payment apps. Our results do not support the narrative that trust in traditional finance is a major driver of fintech adoption. (JEL D14, G23, G41, G50)
Striatal Response to Reward Anticipation as a Biomarker for Schizophrenia and Negative Symptoms: Effects, Test-Retest Reliability, and Stability Across Sites
Authors: Carruzzo Fabien , Kaliuzhna Mariia , Kuenzi Noémie , Geffen Tal , Katthagen Teresa , Schlagenhauf Florian , Kaiser Stefan
Published: April 2024

Background

Ventral striatal hypoactivation during reward anticipation has consistently been observed in patients with schizophrenia. In addition, that hypoactivation has been shown to correlate negatively with negative symptoms, and in particular with apathy. However, little is known about the stability of these results over time and their reliability across different centers.

Methods

In total, 67 patients with schizophrenia (15 females) and 55 healthy controls (13 females) were recruited in 2 centers in Switzerland and Germany. To assess the neural bases of reward anticipation, all participants performed a variant of the Monetary Incentive Delay task while undergoing event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and after 3 months. Stability over time was measured using intra-class correlation (ICC(A,1)) and stability between centers was measured with mixed models.

Results

Results showed the expected ventral striatal hypoactivation in patients compared to controls during reward anticipation. We showed that these results were stable across centers. The primary analysis did not reveal an effect of time. Test-retest reliability was moderate for controls, and poor for patients. We did not find an association between ventral striatal hypoactivation and negative symptoms in patients.

Conclusions

Our results align with the hypothesis that ventral striatal activation is related to modulation of motivational saliency during reward anticipation. They also confirm that patients with schizophrenia show impaired reward anticipation. However, the poor test-retest reliability and the absence of an association with symptoms suggests that further research is needed before ventral striatal activity can be used as a biomarker on the individual patient level.
Risk of Pediatric Bipolar Disorder After General Anesthesia in Infants and Toddlers: A Propensity Score-Matched Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Sun Mingyang , Chen Wan-Ming , Wu Szu-Yuan , Zhang Jiaqiang
Published: April 2024

Background and Hypothesis

The potential role of anesthesia as an independent risk factor for childhood bipolar disorder (BD) remains unclear. To address this, we conducted a population-based cohort study employing propensity score matching to compare BD incidence between pediatric patients undergoing surgery with and without general anesthesia.

Study Design

Our study included patients aged 0–3 years who received at least 1 episode of general anesthesia and were hospitalized for over 1 day in Taiwan between January 2004 and December 2014. They were matched 1:1 with a population not receiving general anesthesia to assess pediatric BD incidence.

Study Results

The study cohort comprised 15 070 patients, equally distributed between the general anesthesia and nongeneral anesthesia groups (7535 each). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs; 95% CIs) for pediatric BD in the general anesthesia group as 1.26 (1.04–1.54; P = .021) compared to the nongeneral anesthesia group. Moreover, the incidence rate ratio (95% CI) for the general anesthesia group was 1.26 (1.03–1.53) compared to the nongeneral anesthesia group.

Conclusions

Early childhood exposure to general anesthesia is significantly associated with an increased risk of pediatric BD. This expands understanding of pediatric BD’s complex development, informing preventive strategies, and enhancing mental health outcomes for vulnerable young patients and global pediatric healthcare.
0001 Circadian Rest-Activity Rhythm Patterns and Physical Performance in Community-Dwelling Older Men
Authors: Qiao Yujia (Susanna) , Chen Dorothy , Zeitzer Jamie , Ancoli-Israel Sonia , Blackwell Terri , Bradshaw Patrick , Posner Alexander , Redline Susan , Tranah Gregory , Yaffe Kristine , Stone Katie
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Circadian rest-activity rhythms (RARs), a behavioral manifestation of circadian rhythms, reflect physical activity and sleep patterns over the 24-hour day. With aging, disrupted RARs may be associated with higher cardiometabolic risk, fall risk and cognitive decline. Physical performance also declines with advancing age, leading to disability and increased risk of mortality. However, the associations between RARs and physical performance are understudied.

Methods

In the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study, 2,924 men (age=76.3+/-5.5 years, 90% white) completed sleep ancillary study (baseline), had valid wrist-worn actigraphy data (mean=5 days) and physical performance measures. Physical performance measures included: 6-meter gait speed, grip strength, and chair stand pace assessed at baseline and up to two follow-up visits over 3.4+/-3.1 years. Using a shape-naive technique, functional principal components analysis (fPCA), we examined baseline patterns of RARs over several days and evaluated cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of these patterns with each physical performance measure separately using mixed effect models. Models were adjusted for age, race, education, body mass index, smoking, alcohol use, caffeine consumption, multimorbidity, medication use and depressive symptomology.

Results

At baseline, gait speed was 1.14+/-0.23 m/s, grip strength was 40.8+/-8.4 kg, and chair stand pace was 4.4+/-1.7 stands/10 sec. Four fPCA components (explaining 88% variance) were identified with higher eigenvalues meaning: 1) high overall amplitude (50%); 2) later rise and bed times (23%); 3) longer, biphasic activity patterns (9%); and 4) evening peaks in activity (6%). Cross-sectionally, higher fPCA1 was associated with faster gait speed and chair stand pace (p< 0.05); higher fPCA3 was associated with slower gait speed, worse grip strength, and slower chair stand pace (p< 0.05). Longitudinally, higher fPCA1 was associated slower decline in gait speed and in chair stand pace (p< 0.05); higher fPCA2 was associated with accelerated decline in chair stand pace (p< 0.05); higher fPCA3 and fPCA4 were both associated with accelerated decline in gait speed (p< 0.05). No longitudinal association was found with grip strength.

Conclusion

Specific disruptions in RARs are associated with poor physical performance and its subsequent decline in older men. It suggests the contribution of circadian system in influencing age-related physical performance.

Support (if any)

NIA R21AG051380 and R01AG034157
0002 Associations Between Sleep and Rest-Activity Rhythms with Diet Quality in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Potts Kaitlin , Yeung Chris Ho Ching , Wallace Danielle , Kianersi Sina , Wood Alexis , Dashti Hassan , Xiao Qian , Huang Tianyi , Redline Susan , Wang Heming
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Diet, sleep, and rest-activity rhythms (RAR) influence cardiometabolic health but the relationship among these behaviors is less clear. Evidence of associations between sleep and diet have focused on self-reported sleep duration and quality, and have rarely investigated sleep timing, regularity, and RAR metrics. This study assessed cross-sectional associations between sleep and RAR regularity and timing with overall diet quality.

Methods

Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) participants who completed validated sleep and food frequency questionnaires and 7-day actigraphy monitoring (Actiwatch Spectrum) between 2010-2013 were eligible for study inclusion. Overall diet quality was measured with the Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) 2010 (range: 0-110, higher indicates healthier diet). Actigraphy records were processed using Actiware-Sleep (v5.59) software and manually annotated using a sleep diary. Sleep timing was measured with average sleep midpoint, and sleep regularity measures included within-individual standard deviation (SD) of daily sleep duration and onset. Parametric (extended cosine) and nonparametric 24-hour RAR measures were derived from 1-minute epoch-level activity counts. Associations between sleep and RAR metrics with AHEI were tested with multivariable linear regression adjusting for total energy intake, sociodemographic and lifestyle factors including smoking, total activity, and depressive symptoms.

Results

This study included 1828 participants (mean [SD]: age: 68.5 [9] years, AHEI: 59 [10.9]; 46% male). Later sleep midpoint and L5-time (start time of the 5 least active hours) were associated with lower AHEI (0.61% and 0.77% lower AHEI per SD later midpoint [p=0.005] and L5-time [p=0.001], respectively). Irregular sleep timing (sleep onset-SD >60 minutes [vs. less]) was associated with 1.1% lower AHEI (p=0.014). Rhythm robustness, measured by the pseudo-F (parametric RAR) and relative amplitude (RA, non-parametric RAR) was associated with higher AHEI (0.49% and 0.48% higher AHEI per SD increase in pseudo-F [p=0.031] and RA [p=0.036], respectively). The associations between later sleep midpoint and L5-time with lower AHEI were robust to false discovery rate (FDR)-corrected significance thresholds.

Conclusion

Actigraphy-based measures of later sleep timing, irregular sleep, and weakened rest-activity rhythms were associated with lower/worse diet quality in an older, multi-ethnic sample, suggesting their potential utility in multi-component lifestyle interventions.

Support (if any)

NIH NHLIB T32HL007901, NHLBI HL56984, and NIA R01AG070867
0003 Nocturnal Wakefulness Is Associated with Altered Macronutrient Intake in a Nationally Representative Sample
Authors: Kennedy Kathryn , Tubbs Andrew , Fernandez Fabian-Xosé , St-Onge Marie-Pierre , Grandner Michael
Published: April 2024

Introduction

The “Mind After Midnight" hypothesis suggests that being awake at night is associated with cognitive/affective dysregulation and impaired decision-making. Previous work identified risks associated with suicide. The present study examined whether nocturnal wakefulness is associated with aberrant food intake.

Methods

Data were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015-2016 and 2017-2020 pre-pandemic waves (N=13,995). Multivariate linear regression estimated the relationship between hours of wakefulness from 11pm-5am (predictor) and multiple dietary outcomes. Models were unadjusted and adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, employment status, education, and self-reported total sleep duration. In some cases, models were additionally adjusted for total caloric intake.

Results

There were significant differences in the sex, age, race/ethnicity, education, and total sleep duration of individuals who experienced more nocturnal wakefulness (all p< 0.001). Duration of nocturnal wakefulness was not associated with total caloric intake in unadjusted or adjusted models. Greater time spent awake during the night was associated with less protein intake (adjusted β=0.96, p=0.004), more sugar intake (unadjusted β=2.9, p=0.012; adjusted β=2.6, p=0.004) and less fiber intake (unadjusted β=0.49, p=< 0.001; adjusted β=0.35, p=0.005) after adjusting for total caloric intake. There was also a trend toward greater intake of saturated fats (adjusted β=0.19, p=0.083).

Conclusion

Our study shows that individuals with greater nocturnal wakefulness have higher intakes of nutrients that are frequently found in more highly processed foods, such as added sugar and saturated fats, and fewer nutrients found in healthier dietary options, such as fiber and protein. The dietary profile of individuals with higher nocturnal wakefulness may predispose them to chronic conditions. The propensity for unhealthy eating when awake during the biological night may be an important and underexplored public health concern.

Support (if any)
0005 Time-Restricted Eating Improves Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Dysglycemia
Authors: Afif Chloe , Brewster Katie , Olvera Kristine , Cong Charlotte , Moya Esteban , Zhang Michelle , Mesarwi Omar
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with dysglycemia, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Continuous positive airway pressure has not been shown to improve metabolic outcomes in OSA. Intermittent hypoxia (IH) modeling OSA causes dysglycemia in rodent models. Time restricted eating (TRE), which limits daily caloric intake to a fixed window, improves metabolic profiles in mice and humans. We hypothesized that TRE would improve IH-induced dysglycemia.

Methods

C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet for four weeks, and then divided into four groups (n=16/group), with additional exposures lasting four weeks. Group 1 was exposed to room air (RA), with ad libitum access to HFD. Group 2 was exposed to RA, but on a TRE protocol, restricting HFD intake to 9h/d, from 9:00 PM to 6:00 AM. Group 3 was exposed to IH (FiO2 0.21 to 0.06 once/min for 12 hours during light phase, and FiO2 0.21 during dark phase), with ad libitum access to HFD. Group 4 was exposed to IH and TRE. Cages were changed each morning to minimize food hoarding. Glucose tolerance tests (GTT) were performed before and after the exposures, and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was performed on a subset. Serum insulin was measured.

Results

Fasting glucose was reduced in IH-TRE (-25.4±5.6 mg/dL, p< 0.001) but not in other groups. GTT area under the curve was increased in RA-ad lib (3155±924 mg*min/dL, p=0.002) and IH-ad lib groups (5267±1161 mg*min/dL, p< 0.001), but not in TRE. Insulin was increased in RA-ad lib relative to other groups (p< 0.010 for all), implying insufficient insulin secretion, particularly in IH-ad lib. Body fat was reduced with both IH (p=0.028) and TRE (p< 0.001). Serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol, inversely related to pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, was increased in TRE (p=0.011).

Conclusion

In IH modeling OSA, TRE improves glucose homeostasis, via improved pancreatic insulin secretion. Intermittent fasting may be a viable therapeutic option in OSA.

Support (if any)

This project was supported by NIH K08HL143140 and UCSD RS295R.
0007 A Pilot Study Examining the Relationship Between Work Productivity and Circadian Misalignment in Night Shift Work
Authors: Russell Jonathan , Habash Salma , Drake Christopher , Cheng Philip
Published: April 2024

Introduction

There has been general agreement that circadian misalignment is a primary driver of poor outcomes associated with night shifts, such as insomnia, excessive sleepiness, and impaired work productivity. However, few studies have utilized gold-standard measures of circadian rhythms (eg, dim light melatonin onset and offset; DLMO and DLMOff) in examining its association with outcomes. This pilot data aimed to examine the magnitude of the relationship between circadian misalignment and work productivity in night shift workers.

Methods

Participants were fixed night shift workers, engaging in at least three shifts per week with their shift beginning between 18:00 and 02:00 and lasting 8 to 12 hours. DLMO and DLMOff were assessed in-lab with 24 hourly salvia collections. Work productivity was measured with the Endicott Work Productivity Scale (EWPS). Circadian misalignment was operationalized as any overlap of DLMO and DLMOff during the participant's work shift. Insomnia and excessive sleepiness were operationalized as a score of 10 or greater on the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI; referenced to daytime sleep) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS).

Results

Night shift workers with circadian misalignment reported an EWPS score of 43.2 (SD=12.1), while those without circadian misalignment scored 39.6 (SD=15.6). The Cohen’s d effect size was 0.26. In contrast, those with insomnia reported an average EWPS score of 43.9 (SD=13.6) compared to 36.1 (SD=8.5) for those without insomnia (Cohen’s d = 0.69). Furthermore, those with excessive sleepiness had an average EWPS score of 44.7 (SD=14.2), versus 39.1 (SD=10.7) for those without excessive sleepiness (Cohen’s d = 0.44).

Conclusion

These results suggest that the association between circadian misalignment and work productivity in night shift workers may be smaller than anticipated. Instead, work productivity in night shift worker may be more strongly associated with symptoms of shift work disorder. These data are consistent with evidence that insomnia in non-shift workers are associated with higher absenteeism and presenteeism. This is also consistent with our prior research indicating that symptoms of shift work disorder can be influenced by various factors, including sleep reactivity.

Support (if any)

Support for this study was provided from the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute R01HL160870 awarded to Dr. Philip Cheng.
0008 Wake Onset Variability Effect on Functional Connectivity in the Default Mode Network
Authors: Negelspach David , Alkozei Anna , Huskey Alisa , Killgore William
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Decoupling patterns of sleep and wake from underlying circadian oscillations is associated with poor sleep health. While this has been studied with respect to shift work, it is unclear if minor variations in normative sleep/wake patterns affect the restoration of cognitive function during sleep intervals while controlling for total sleep time. It is commonplace to adhere to a fixed sleep/wake schedule, however, this practice does not account for day-to-day variations in physiological need for sleep. We examined the relationship between sleep-interval variability and fMRI resting state functional connectivity while controlling for sleep duration.

Methods

Participants (n=21; 13 female; Age=23.3, SD=4.7) wore an actigraph for 7 days followed by a daytime functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) session. Sleep/wake onset variability was measured from double-rated actigraphy data and cross referenced with sleep journals. Functional connectivity analysis and preprocessing of fMRI images were conducted in the CONN toolbox (SPM12). Seed-based functional connectivity maps were estimated using BOLD activity of the posterior parietal cortex node of the default mode network (DMN) as the seed region. Functional connectivity strength was represented by Fisher-transformed bivariate correlation coefficients from a weighted GLM, modeling the association between the seed and other brain regions.

Results

Wake onset variability (WOV) predicted functional connectivity of the DMN (controlling for age, gender, and sleep duration). WOV was significantly associated (Pthreshold <.005 ; Pfwe <.05) with a higher degree of anticorrelation between the posterior parietal node of the DMN and several regions of the frontoparietal network (FPN): Right superior frontal gyrus, Right mid-frontal gyrus, and Right frontal pole, as well as the occipital cortex and cerebellum. In contrast, sleep onset variability showed no significant changes in functional connectivity within these areas.

Conclusion

Greater WOV was associated with stronger inverse connectivity between the DMN and FPN. This suggests that increased WOV may improve attentional control through greater top-down suppression of the DMN. We speculate that WOV is representative of sleep satiety, resulting in voluntary arousal from sleep, rather than enforced arousal. These results suggest that sleep timing affects attentional control irrespective of duration.

Support (if any)

USAMRAA: W81XWH1910074
0010 Using Chronotype and Polygenic Risk Scores to Predict Age of Mood Symptom Onset in People with Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Miranda Alannah , Holloway Breanna , Perry William , Minassian Arpi , McCarthy Michael
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances are hallmark features of people with bipolar disorder (BD). Genetic and preclinical models of BD suggest that disruption of the circadian clock may predispose individuals with BD towards disruption of sleep/wake cycles. Phase delays in sleep/wake cycles are common in BD, causing difficulty initiating morning behaviors. Many people with BD report regularly using cannabis to ameliorate sleep disturbances. Although cannabis has been shown to have sedative properties, cannabis use may also destabilize mood and worsen sleep, and circadian disruption may also increase the risk of problematic substance use. Therefore, it remains unclear how cannabis use impacts sleep and circadian rhythms in people with BD. Here, we determined whether chronotype (self-reported and polygenic scores) and cannabis use disorder (CUD) predicted BD mood symptom onset.

Methods

Participants with BD I (n=309) from the Pharmacogenomics of Bipolar Disorder study were studies. The Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies was used to confirm BD and CUD diagnoses. Polygenic scores (PGS) were calculated for chronotype and BD. Basic Language Morningness scale (BALM) was used to assess chronotype. Bivariate correlation analyses were performed between morningness, PGS, and BD symptoms. Multiple regression analyses were performed using gender, morningness, or PGS, and CUD as predictors, and BD symptoms as the dependent variables.

Results

Morningness was not significantly correlated with PGS for chronotype. Higher morningness was positively correlated with onset of manic symptoms (p< 0.001) and mean number of mood episodes per year. Both CUD and BALM scores significantly predicted BD age of onset (p< 0.05); greater morningness delayed age of onset and patients with CUD had an earlier age of onset.

Conclusion

Consistent with a role in destabilizing mood, CUD use is associated with earlier age of onset, while morningness appears protective, and associated with later age of onset. The study is limited by its cross-sectional and retrospective design. Future studies should continue to explore the interaction of CUD and chronotype in BD patients using cannabis for sleep.

Support (if any)

NIDA R01DA043535 and R01DA051295