bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERBANDINGAN BERAGAM JENIS AIR MINUM TERHADAP STATUS HIDRASI MELALUI AKTIVITAS FISIK 5000 METER
Authors: Perdana Samudera Ida Puteri , Ashadi Kunjung
Published: July 2019

Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membandingkan efektivitas tiga jenis air minum dalam mempertahankan status hidrasi selama aktivitas fisik. Metode yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif dengan perlakuan one-shot case study design, yang menggunakan 45 mahasiswa putra yang dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok dengan perlakuan yang berbeda. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah rata-rata (mean), standar deviasi, levene’s test, uji normalitas, paired sample t test, dan oneway anova. Berdasarkan dari penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa pada kelompok 1 terdapat perubahan yang signifikan terhadap perubahan status hidrasi sebelum dan sesudah melakukan aktivitas (P<0,05), pada kelompok 2 terdapat perubahan yang signifikan terhadap perubahan status hidrasi sebelum dan sesudah melakukan aktivitas (P<0,05), dan pada kelompok 3 terdapat perubahan yang signifikan terhadap perubahan status hidrasi sebelum dan sesudah melakukan aktivitas (P<0,05). Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada status hidrasi diantara kelompok 1, 2, dan 3 (P>0,05). Kata kunci: air mineral, air isotonik, air gula merah, aktifitas fisik, status hidrasi
ANALISIS KOMPONEN KEBUGARAN JASMANI PESERTA DIDIK SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI DI LIHAT DARI SARANA DAN PRASARANA PENDIDIKAN JASMANI KELAS V USIA 10 – 12 TAHUN KOTA BANJARBARU
Authors: Zainudin Nor Irvan , Athar Athar , Kahri Maruful
Published: July 2019

Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis tingkat kebugaran jasmani peserta didik dilihat dari sarana dan prasarana pendidikan jasmani serta untuk mengetahui komponen kebugaran jasmani yang berhubungan dengan kesehatan dan keterampilan peserta didik SDN 1 Guntung Manggis dan SDN 4 Guntung Manggis. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survey (kualitatif) dengan teknik pengambilan data tes pengukuran, wawancara dan observasi. Populasi penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas V usia 10 – 12 tahun di SDN 1 Guntung Manggis dan SDN 4 Guntung Manggis Kecamatan Landasan Ulin Kota Banjarbaru yang jumlah seluruhnya adalah 122 peserta didik. Sampel dalam penelitian ini diambil menggunakan teknik Sistematis Sampel sehingga didapat 41 peserta didik dengan rincian SDN I Guntung Manggis 10 putra dan 10 putri sedangkan SDN 4 Guntung Manggis 11 putra dan 10 putri. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah ada Peran Sarana dan Prasarana Pendidikan Jasmani Terhadap Kebugaran Jasmani Peserta Didik Putra dan Putri Kelas V usia 10 – 12 Tahun di SDN 1 Guntung Manggis dan SDN 4 Guntung Manggis Kecamatan Landasan Ulin Kota Banjarbaru, Dan ada Peran Body Mass Index (BMI), Modifikasi Duduk Raih, Keseimbangan, dan Kelincahan Terhadap Kebugaran Jasmani Peserta Didik Putra dan Putri Kelas V usia 10 – 12 Tahun di SDN 1 Guntung Manggis dan SDN 4 Guntung Manggis Kecamatan Landasan Ulin Kota Banjarbaru. Kata Kunci: Analisis, Komponen, Kebugaran Jasmani, Sarana dan Prasarana
Regulating Halal Products in Indonesia: Between Religious Needs and Socio-Economic Challenges
Authors: Susetyo Heru , Prihatini Farida , Karimah Iffah , Ghozi Ahmad
Published: July 2019

As the most populous Muslim country in the world, Indonesia needs to spend seven decades until finally enacted the Halal Product Assurance Law in 2014.  There are mixed responses in welcoming this law.  Many Muslims are incredibly pleased with this law, while others believe that this law would create social and economic problems, instead. Four years have lapsed and the law is still difficult to be implemented, since the state has produced none of the implementing regulations of the said law.  Meanwhile, the National Agency for Halal Product Assurance is newly established in 2018.  Therefore, the law on halal product assurance is really at stake.  It seems that the state enacted it half-heartedly. This paper discusses the dynamic of regulating halal products in Indonesia, between spiritual needs and socio-economic challenges. Less Muslim argued that halal is not part of Islamic teaching, yet many people believe that halal product in Indonesia is not merely a religious issue but also a social, economic and even political issue.  The methods for this research are both normative and qualitative. Data are collected mainly through documents, library materials, and field research. To sharpen the findings, comparative studies with Malaysia and Thailand were conducted. In the end, this research reveals the socio-economic dynamics of halal product regulation in Indonesia amid which is beyond religious issues.Keywords:  halal product, Indonesia, regulation.
Extended Fractional-Flow Model of Low-Salinity Waterflooding Accounting for Dispersion and Effective Salinity Range
Authors: Al–Ibadi Hasan , Stephen Karl D. , Mackay Eric J.
Published: July 2019

Low–salinity waterflooding (LSWF) is an emergent technology developed to increase oil recovery. Laboratory–scale testing of this process is common, but modeling at the production scale is less well–reported. Various descriptions of the functional relationship between salinity and relative permeability have been presented in the literature, with respect to the differences in the effective salinity range over which the mechanisms occur. In this paper, we focus on these properties and their impact on fractional flow of LSWF at the reservoir scale. We present numerical observations that characterize flow behavior accounting for dispersion.

We analyzed linear and nonlinear functions relating salinity to relative permeability and various effective salinity ranges using a numerical simulator. We analyzed the effect of numerical and physical dispersion of salinity on the velocity of the waterflood fronts as an expansion of fractional–flow theory, which normally assumes shock–like behavior of water and concentration fronts.

We observed that dispersion of the salinity profile affects the fractional–flow behavior depending on the effective salinity range. The simulator solution is equal to analytical predictions from fractional–flow analysis when the midpoint of the effective salinity range lies between the formation and injected salinities. However, retardation behavior similar to the effect of adsorption occurs when these midpoint concentrations are not coincidental. This alters the velocities of high– and low–salinity water fronts.

We derived an extended form of the fractional–flow analysis to include the impact of salinity dispersion. A new factor quantifies a physical or numerical retardation that occurs. We can now modify the effects that dispersion has on the breakthrough times of high– and low–salinity water fronts during LSWF. This improves predictive ability and also reduces the requirement for full simulation.
Improved Distance-of-Investigation Model for Rate-Transient Analysis in a Heterogeneous Unconventional Reservoir With Nonstatic Properties
Authors: Yuan Bin , Zhang Zhenzihao , Clarkson Christopher R.
Published: July 2019

The concept of distance of investigation (DOI) has been widely applied in rate– and pressure–transient analysis for estimating reservoir properties and for optimizing hydraulic fracturing. Despite its successful application in conventional reservoirs, significant errors arise when extending the concept to unconventional reservoirs. This work aims to clearly demonstrate such errors when using the traditional square–root–of–time model for DOI calculations in unconventional reservoirs, and to develop new models to improve the DOI calculations.

In this work, the following mechanisms in unconventional reservoirs are first incorporated into the calculation of DOI: (1) pressure–dependency of rock and fluid properties; (2) continuous/discontinuous spatial variation of reservoir properties. To achieve this, pseudopressure, pseudotime, and pseudodistance are introduced to linearize the diffusivity equation. Two novel methods are developed for calculating DOI: one using the concept of continuous succession of steady states, and the other using the concept of dynamic drainage area (DDA). Both models are verified using a series of fine–grid numerical simulations. A production–data–analysis workflow using the new DOI models is proposed to analytically characterize reservoir heterogeneity and fracture properties.

The new DOI models compensate for the inability of the traditional square–root–of–time model to capture spatial and temporal variations of reservoir and fluid properties. The pressure–dependency of fluids and reservoirs (i.e., fluid density, fluid viscosity, rock permeability, and rock porosity) and reservoir heterogeneities (i.e., deterioration of reservoir quality from the primary fracture to the reservoir) can significantly retard the propagation of the DOI. Another important outcome of this work is to provide a practical and analytical approach to directly estimate the spatial heterogeneity from the production history of field cases.
Genome-wide identification and comparison of differentially expressed profiles of miRNAs and lncRNAs with associated ceRNA networks in the gonads of Chinese soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis
Authors: Ma Xiao , Cen Shuangshuang , Wang Luming , Zhang Chao , Wu Limin , Tian Xue , Wu Qisheng , Li Xuejun , Wang Xiaoqing
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: Gonad is the major factor affecting the animal reproduction. The regulation mechanism of protein coding genes expression involved reproduction is still remains to be elucidated. Increasing evidence has shown that ncRNAs play key regulatory roles in gene expression in many life processes. The roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in reproduction had been investigated in some species. However, the regulation patterns of miRNA and lncRNA in sex biased expression of protein coding genes remains to be elucidated. In this study, we performed an integrated analysis of miRNA, messenger RNA (mRNA), and lncRNA expression profiles to explore their regulatory patterns in the female ovary and male testis of the soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis.
Results: We identified 10 796 mature miRNAs, 44 678 mRNAs, and 58 923 lncRNAs in the testis and ovary. A total of 16 817 target genes were identified for miRNAs. Of these, 11 319 mRNAs, 10 495 lncRNAs, and 633 miRNAs were expressed differently. The predicted target genes of these differential expression (DE) miRNAs and lncRNAs included genes related to reproduction regulation. Furthermore, we found that 5 408 DElncRNAs and 186 DE miRNAs showed sex-specific expression. Of these, 3 miRNAs and 917 lncRNAs were testis specific and 186 DEmiRNAs and 4 491 DElncRNAs were ovary specific. We constructed compete endogenous lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks using bioinformatics, including 273 DEmRNAs, 5 730 DEmiRNAs, and 2 945 DElncRNAs. The target genes for the different expressed of miRNAs and lncRNAs included Wt1, Creb3l2, Gata4, Wnt2, Nr5a1, Hsd17, Igf2r, H2afz, Lin52, Trim71, Zar1, and Jazf1, etc.
Conclusions: In animals, miRNA and lncRNA regulate the reproduction process, including the regulation of oocyte maturation and spermatogenesis. Considering their importance, the identified miRNAs, lncRNAs, and their targets in P. sinensis might be useful for genome editing to produce higher quality aquaculture animals. A thorough understanding of ncRNA-based cellular regulatory networks will aid in the improvement of P. sinensis reproduction traits for aquaculture.
Determination of the relationship between some morphological traits of the tomato lines and resistance tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease
Authors: Zengin Sinan , Kabaş Aylin , İlbi Hülya
Published: July 2019

Background: Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is the most produced and exported vegetable in Turkey. There are many pathogens to limit tomato production by reducing yield and fruit quality. Among them, Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) causes important economic losses. The most efficient and environmental friendly method against TYLCV is the use of resistant varieties. In this trial, it was aimed to determine some morphological traits which were linked to Ty-1 and Ty-3a genes which confer to TYLCV. A commercial hybrid carrying Ty-1, Ty-3a genes as heterozygous was crossed to a susceptible inbred line from Bati Akdeniz Agricultural and Research Institute (BATEM). Marker assisted selection (MAS) was carried out in F1 and F2 generations and biological tests were done for TYLCV resistance in F3 generation. MAS for Ty-3a and Ty-1 genes were compatible with biological tests.
Results: In total of 95 genotypes in F3 were developed with molecular marker selection. It was determined that 30 genotypes having the Ty-3a and Ty-1 genes as homozygous resistant. The nine genotypes carried these genes in heterozygous form. 56 genotypes were identified as susceptible. The 43 morphological traits were observed in identified individuals to correlate with resistant allele, Ty-3a.
Conclusions: It was found that there was statistically important correlation between Ty-3a and length of internode, length of stem at first inflorescence, status of calix, leaf attitude, length of inflorescence and plant habitus. Also there was negative correlation between fruit weight, fruit length and resistance. Therefore, we identified some morphological markers linked to Ty-3a which can be used in selection for TLYCV resistant breeding programme.
The clinical profile, hematological parameters and liver transaminases of Dengue NS1 Ag positive patients admitted to Jaffna Teaching Hospital, Sri Lanka
Authors: Jayadas T. T. P. , Kumanan T. , Arasaratnam V. , Gajapathy K. , Surendran Sinnathamby Noble
Published: July 2019

Objective

Objective of the study is to evaluate the symptoms and signs and nonspecific clinical and laboratory parameters of the dengue NS1 positive patients on the admission from day1 to day 5 at medical wards of Jaffna Teaching Hospital.

Results

Blood samples were collected from 150 consecutive suspected dengue patients from day 1 to 5 of the illness. Seventy-eight patients were positive for Dengue NS1. Patients who had NS1 positivity after 3days of illness suffered from severe form of disease and patients with severe thrombocytopenia had significant rise in hemoglobin, hematocrit and liver transaminase levels which are considered as severe form of disease. Severe thrombocytopenia patients had complicated illness. This shows longevity presence of NS1 antigen could lead to severe form of dengue and could be a prognostic marker of dengue outcome.
Personal DNA sequence modification: a potential new modality for gene transmission and therapy as well as mammalians evolution.
Authors: Elawdan Khaled M.E , Elawdan Youssof K , Eldrieny Ezzat A. , Samy Mohammed B.
Published: July 2019

Objective: Changes in DNA sequence are usually caused by viruses, certain chemicals and radiation as well as by transposons, somatic hyper mutation and errors during meiosis. We can consider gene therapy as an induced DNA sequence changes by inserting certain gene or genes, through viral vectors mainly. Anyhow, many problems met gene therapy like short-lived nature, need for multiple rounds of that therapy, immune response for gene or vector as foreigners, problems with viral vectors and malignancy induction. Wet nurse or foster suckling mother means breastfeeding an infant that is not one's biological offspring which was a job from ancient Egyptians times till the present. Results: Here we show a significant change in DNA sequence in babies after foster mothers suckling compared to their DNA before suckling foster mother suggesting presence of potential factors in foster mother milk which can change DNA sequence in babies before weaning. This may open the door to study milk as a new potential method for gene transmission and therapy. A method, that probably overcome many of problems meeting gene therapy as well as a possible cause for evolution in mammalians if we consider cross nursing during milk feeding from other species before weaning.
Association of work-related and leisure-time physical activity with workplace food purchases, dietary quality, and health of hospital employees
Authors: Feig Emily , Levy Douglas E. , McCurley Jessica L. , Rimm Eric B. , Anderson Emma M. , Gelsomin Emily , Thorndike Anne N.
Published: July 2019

Background

While leisure-time physical activity (PA) has been associated with reduced risk of cardiometabolic disease, less is known about the relationship between work-related PA and health. Work-related PA is often not a chosen behavior and may be associated with lower socioeconomic status and less control over job-related activities. This study examined whether high work-related PA and leisure-time PA reported by hospital employees were associated with healthier dietary intake and reductions in cardiometabolic risk.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data collected from 602 hospital employees who used workplace cafeterias and enrolled in a health promotion study between 2016-2018. Participants completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and two 24-hour dietary recalls used to calculate Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores. A Healthy Purchasing Score was calculated based on healthfulness of workplace food/beverage purchases. Weight, blood pressure, HbA1c, and lipids were measured. Regression analyses examined Healthy Purchasing Score, HEI, and obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes/prediabetes by quartile of work-related PA, leisure-time PA, and sedentary time.

Results

The mean age of participants was 43.6 years (SD = 12.2), 79.4% were female, and 81.1% were white. In total, 30.3% had obesity, 20.6% had hypertension, 26.6% had prediabetes/diabetes, and 32.1% had hyperlipidemia. Median leisure-time PA was 12.0 (IQR: 3.3, 28.0) and median work-related PA was 14.0 (IQR: 0.0, 51.1) MET-hours/week. Higher leisure-time PA was associated with higher workplace Healthy Purchasing Score and HEI (p’s < 0.01) and lower prevalence of obesity, diabetes/prediabetes, and hyperlipidemia (p’s < 0.05). Work-related PA was not associated with Healthy Purchasing Score, HEI, or cardiometabolic risk factors. Increased sedentary time was associated with lower HEI (p = 0.02) but was not associated with the workplace Healthy Purchasing Score.

Conclusions

Employees with high work-related PA did not have associated reductions in cardiometabolic risk or have healthier dietary intake as did employees reporting high leisure-time PA. Workplace wellness programs should promote leisure-time PA and healthy food choices for all employees, but programs may need to be customized and made more accessible to meet the unique needs of employees who are physically active at work.
Mortality of preterm neonates and its predictors in the Northwest part of Ethiopia: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sinshaw Aklilu Endalamaw , Minuye Biniam , Mengistie Bezatu , Yeshambel Abebaw , Assefa Nega
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: Preterm birth is highly reported in some countries and disparities on survival rates of preterm neonate are escalating across countries. Providing adequate medical care during pregnancy and childbirth has been endorsed. However, neonatal mortality is continuing to be one of the sustainable development goals. To achieve this aim, data from the different geographical area is suggested.
Objective: This study was aimed to assess mortality of preterm neonates and its predictors in the Northwest part of Ethiopia.
Methods: Institution based retrospective cohort study was conducted among 535 preterm neonates. Data was entered into EPi-data 4.2.0.0 and transferred to STATA version 14 statistical software for analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Log-rank test were used to see statistical differences between categories of variables. Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify independent predictors of preterm neonatal mortality. The proportional assumption test had been checked using the Schoenfeld residual test. Variables with p-value ≤ 0.05 were considered as predictors of preterm neonatal mortality.
Results: In this study, 31.2% (95% CI: 27.3, 35.1) of preterm neonate were died. Preterm neonates with a gestational age of less than 32 weeks (AHR=1.74; 95%CI: 1.24, 2.46), being male sex (AHR=1.38; 95%CI: 1.01, 1.90), born from preeclampsia/ eclampsia mothers (AHR=1.95; 95%CI: 1.13, 3.36), being extremely very low birth weight (AHR=2.94; 95%CI: 1.05, 8.24), diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome (AHR=1.70; 95%CI: 1.20, 2.41) were predictors of preterm death.
Conclusion and Recommendations: Preterm neonatal mortality found to be high. Four neonatal and one maternal-related variable were recognized predictors of mortality in preterm neonates. The study suggests preventing and controlling preeclampsia/ eclampsia, especial care for neonates born with very low birth weight, born before 32 weeks of gestation, and diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome are imperative.
Keywords: Preterm, Neonate, Mortality, Ethiopia
Prestroke statins use reduces oxidized low density lipoprotein level and improves clinical outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation related acute ischemic stroke
Authors: he lanying , Xu Ronghua , Wang Jian , Zhang LIli , Zhang Lijuan , Zhao Wang , Dong Weiwei
Published: July 2019

Background

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cause of cerebral infarction, which could lead to endothelial dysfunction, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidized low density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL).AF is associated with higher mortality and more severe neurologic disability. Statins may exert neuroprotective effects that are independent of LDL-C lowering. The purpose of our study was to investigate whether prestroke statins use could reduce plasma Ox-LDL level and improve clinical outcomes in patients with AF related acute ischemic stroke(AIS).

Methods

This was a multicenter consecutive trial that involved four medical centers, 242 AIS patients with AF were identified, who underwent a comprehensive clinical investigation and a 72h-Holter electrocardiogram monitoring. All patients were divided into two groups: prestroke statins use and no prestroke statins use groups, who were followed up for 3 months. Ox-LDL was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on admission and 3 months. The outcome was death or major disability (modified Rankin Scale score≥3) at 3 months after AIS.

Results

Plasma Ox-LDL level was significantly lower in prestroke statins use than in no prestroke statins use on admission (P=0.001). Plasma Ox-LDL level on admission were associated with 3-month outcome(P<0.05).In fully adjusted models, prestroke statins use was associated with reduced 3-month mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 0.43; 95% confidence interval, 0.20–0.93; P=0.031), major disability (adjusted odds ratio, 0.33; 95% confidence interval, 0.13–0.82; P=0.017), and composite outcome (adjusted odds ratio, 0.25; 95% confidence interval,0.11–0.56; P=0.001).

Conclusions

Prestroke statins use can reduce plasma Ox-LDL level and improve clinical outcomes in patients with AF related AIS.
Silencing of Estrogen receptor β promotes the invasion and migration of osteosarcoma cells through activating Wnt signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Yiping , Yin Changchang , Zhou Xufeng , Wu Yahua , Wang Lili
Published: July 2019

Background

This study aimed to evaluate the specific roles of Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) on the invasion and migration of osteosarcoma (OS) cells, and explore the regulatory mechanisms relating with Wnt signaling pathway.

Methods

The expression of ERβ was detected on human OS tissues by quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. U2-OS cells were transfected with siRNA-ERβ (si-ERβ) to downrgulate ERβ, and treated with FH535 to inhibit Wnt signaling. The migration and invasion ability was detected by scratch and transwell assay, respectively. The expression of β-catenin, MMP-7 and MMP-9 was detected by Western blot. Subcutaneous tumor-bearing model was established by injection of U2-OS cells into mice, and the tumor volumes were measured. Orthotopic transplantation model was established by transplantation of tumor tissues into the liver of mice, and the metastatic tumors were counted.

Results

ERβ was downregulated in human OS tissues and U2-OS cells. The transfection of si-ERβ significantly increased the scratch healing rate, the number of invasion cells, and the expression of β-catenin, MMP-7 and MMP-9 in U2-OS cells. The injection of si-ERβ-transfected U2-OS cells into mice significantly increased the subcutaneous tumor volume, the expression of β-catenin, MMP-7 and MMP-9, and the number of metastatic tumors in liver tissues. The promoting effects of si-ERβ on the invasion and migration of U2-OS cells were significantly reversed by FH535 in vitro and vivo.

Conclusions

Silencing of ERβ promotes the invasion and migration of OS cells via activating Wnt signaling pathway.
Flexural vibrations of the pipeline on elastic supports with moving fluid
Authors: Khakimov A.G. , Yulmukhametov A.A.
Published: July 2019

In the work investigated the flexural vibrations of the pipeline. Parts of the pipeline on both sides of the sagging section have elastic supports. It is assumed that a constant longitudinal force acts along the neutral line. An incompressible fluid flows through the pipe at a constant average speed. The influence of internal pressure in the pipe on these oscillations is taken into account. The direct problem of determining the eigenfrequencies of flexural vibrations of the pipeline by the Kirchhoff model using Ferrari formulas is solved. The frequency spectrum is determined depending on the fluid pressure, the elasticity of the supports, the velocity of the fluid through the pipe. Particular and limiting cases are considered, for example, when the stiffness of the supports is very large and when they are very small. Graphs of the dependence of the first and second eigenfrequencies on the velocity of the transported liquid at different values of the liquid density parameter are constructed. It is shown that with the growth of the velocity parameter there is a decrease in the natural frequencies of flexural vibrations of the pipeline, and the faster the higher the density parameter of the liquid. It is determined that with an increase in the mass of the liquid per unit length of the pipeline there is a decrease in the natural frequencies of bending vibrations of the pipe. It is found that with the increase in the mass flow through the pipe, the natural frequencies of bending oscillations also decrease. It is confirmed that the frequencies of flexural vibrations of the pipeline are the same for the cases of pipe fastening “rigid fixing — rigid fixing” and “free end — free end”. The results of the study will contribute to the development of methods of acoustic diagnostics and non-destructive testing and can find technical application for monitoring and diagnostics of pipeline systems.
Mathematical modeling of the process of decomposition of gas hydrate formation without the influence of various external sources
Authors: Yuziev V.E. , Rusinov A.A.
Published: July 2019

The paper considers a homogeneous reservoir in the form of a pancake with characteristic linear dimensions corresponding to real deposits: with a radius of the order of several kilometers, and a height of tens of meters. Since the radii of such layers are much larger than their thickness, this allows one to take into account the thermal interactions of the field with the surrounding rocks through the upper and lower boundaries of the layer in a flat one-dimensional approximation. To describe the model, such basic equations were used as the law of conservation of mass of gas and water in the reservoir, the equation of heat balance and temperature fields near the reservoir boundary, as well as initial and boundary conditions. The constructed theoretical model makes it possible to analyze the possibility of realizing the complete gas recovery of the layers only due to the thermal reserve of the hydration layers themselves, as well as the surrounding mountain massif. For the values of the parameters that determine the initial state of the board, numerical experiments were performed. The dynamics of reservoir pressure and hydrate saturation in the reservoir are presented. As a result of the research, it was established that at a constant gas extraction rate, the achievement of reservoir pressure up to 2.6 MPa and, accordingly, a temperature of 273 K occurred in about 5 years. It is shown that when gas is taken from a reservoir with a radius of 3000 m and a thickness of 50 m, its hydrate saturation decreases by about 38% over 5 years.
Choice of Perioperative Anesthetic Medications in Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery
Authors: dos Reis Falcão Luiz Fernando , Loughlin Santiago Mc , Alvarez Adrian
Published: July 2019

The prevalence of obesity is increasing globally. Rational perioperative anesthetic drug selection and administration require knowledge of how obesity interacts with those drugs. In this review, we summarize different aspects of the anesthetic agents, including pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD) and clinical application of the most commonly used medications with particular focus on the enhanced recovery of the obese patient.
One-pot Pseudo-Domino Three-Component Knoevenagel Condensation Reaction in Water Enabled by Micellar Catalyst: Mechanism and Reactivity
Authors: Ahanthem Dini , Ojha Devi Prasan , Chipem Francis A.S. , Laitonjam Warjeet S.
Published: July 2019

The micellar catalysis is well-known for its hydrophobic effect that is the tendency of nonpolar
groups to cluster within the lipophilic core so as to shield them from contact with an aqueous environment
formed upon the dissolution of a surfactant in water. This provides a unique opportunity to
establish organic transformations in greener solvents, such as water leading to organic waste control
and easy product isolation protocols. Considering the significant interaction of thiobarbituric acid moieties
in a biological macromolecule core, herein, a highly efficient procedure for the synthesis of biological
and medicinal important 5-(arylmethylene)dihydro-2-thioxo-4,6(1H,5H)-pyrimidinediones via
Knoevenagel condensation of thiobarbituric acids and aldehydes catalyzed by a surfactant, sodium dodecyl
sulfate, is developed. The synthetic procedure shows the excellent activity of the micellar catalysts
towards the aldehyde activation leading to a facile condensation. The application of the method
is demonstrated by further synthesis of 5,5'-(4-arylmethylene)bis[dihydro-2-thioxo-4,6(1H,5H)-
pyrimidinediones]. Theoretical studies of the reaction were also carried out to investigate the effect of
electron releasing and electron-withdrawing group in benzaldehyde on the reaction.
Insecticidal Active Rotenoids from Plant Parts and Callus Culture of Medicago sativa L. from a Semiarid Region of India (Rajasthan)
Authors: Vats Sharad , Mehra Preeti
Published: July 2019

Background:

Vector-borne diseases are quite prevalent globally and are one of the major
causes of deaths due to infectious diseases. There is an availability of synthetic insecticides, however,
their excessive and indiscriminate use have resulted in the emergence of resistant varieties of insects.
Thus, a search for novel biopesticide has become inevitable.

Methods:

Rotenoids were isolated and identified from different parts of Medicago sativa L. This group
of metabolites was also identified in the callus culture, and the rotenoid content was monitored during
subculturing for a period of 10 months. Enhancement of the rotenoid content was evaluated by feeding
precursors in a tissue culture medium.

Results:

Four rotenoids (elliptone, deguelin, rotenone and Dehydrorotenone) were identified, which
were confirmed using spectral and chromatographic techniques. The maximum rotenoid content was
found in the seeds (0.33±0.01%), followed by roots (0.31±0.01%) and minimum in the aerial parts
(0.20±0.05%). A gradual decrease in the rotenoid content was observed with the ageing of subcultured
tissue maintained for 10 months. The production of rotenoids was enhanced up to 2 folds in the callus
culture using amino acids, Phenylalanine and Methionine as precursors as compared to the control. The
LC50 value of the rotenoids was found to be 91 ppm and 162 ppm against disease vectors of malaria and
Dracunculiasis, respectively.

Conclusion:

The study projects M. sativa as a novel source of biopesticide against the disease vectors of
malaria and Dracunculiasis. The use of precursors to enhance the rotenoid content in vitro can be an
effective venture from a commercial point of view.
Application of Cytokines of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) Family in Spinal Fusion - Effects on the Bone, Intervertebral Disc and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Authors: May Rahel Deborah , Frauchiger Daniela Angelika , Albers Christoph Emmanuel , Tekari Adel , Benneker Lorin Michael , Klenke Frank Michael , Hofstetter Willy , Gantenbein Benjamin
Published: July 2019

Low back pain is a prevalent socio-economic burden and is often associated with damaged or degenerated intervertebral discs (IVDs). When conservative therapy fails, removal of the IVD (discectomy), followed by intersomatic spinal fusion, is currently the standard practice in clinics. The remaining space is filled with an intersomatic device (cage) and with bone substitutes to achieve disc height compensation and bone fusion. As a complication, in up to 30% of cases, spinal non-fusions result in a painful pseudoarthrosis. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have been clinically applied with varied outcomes. Several members of the BMP family, such as BMP2, BMP4, BMP6, BMP7, and BMP9, are known to induce osteogenesis. Questions remain on why hyper-physiological doses of BMPs do not show beneficial effects in certain patients. In this respect, BMP antagonists secreted by mesenchymal cells, which might interfere with or block the action of BMPs, have drawn research attention as possible targets for the enhancement of spinal fusion or the prevention of non-unions. Examples of these antagonists are noggin, gremlin1 and 2, chordin, follistatin, BMP3, and twisted gastrulation. In this review, we discuss current evidence of the osteogenic effects of several members of the BMP family on osteoblasts, IVD cells, and mesenchymal stromal cells. We consider in vitro and in vivo studies performed in human, mouse, rat, and rabbit related to BMP and BMP antagonists in the last two decades. We give insights into the effects that BMP have on the ossification of the spine. Furthermore, the benefits, pitfalls, and possible safety concerns using these cytokines for the improvement of spinal fusion are discussed.
Novel Therapeutics Against Breast Cancer Stem Cells by Targeting Surface Markers and Signaling Pathways
Authors: Das Plabon K. , Rakib Md. A. , Khanam Jahan A. , Pillai Suja , Islam Farhadul
Published: July 2019

Background:

Breast cancer remains to be one of the deadliest forms of cancers, owing to
the drug resistance and tumor relapse caused by breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) despite notable advancements
in radio-chemotherapies.

Objective:

To find out novel therapeutics against breast cancer stem cells by aiming surface markers
and signaling pathways.

Methods:

A systematic literature search was conducted through various electronic databases including,
Pubmed, Scopus, Google scholar using the keywords "BCSCs, surface markers, signaling pathways
and therapeutic options against breast cancer stem cell. Articles selected for the purpose of this review
were reviewed and extensively analyzed.

Results:

Novel therapeutic strategies include targeting BCSCs surface markers and aberrantly activated
signaling pathways or targeting their components, which play critical roles in self-renewal and defense,
have been shown to be significantly effective against breast cancer. In this review, we represent a
number of ways against BCSCs surface markers and hyper-activated signaling pathways to target this
highly malicious entity of breast cancer more effectively in order to make a feasible and useful strategy
for successful breast cancer treatment. In addition, we discuss some characteristics of BCSCs in disease
progression and therapy resistance.

Conclusion:

BCSCs involved in cancer pathogenesis, therapy resistance and cancer recurrence. Thus,
it is suggested that a multi-dimensional therapeutic approach by targeting surface markers and aberrantly
activated signaling pathways of BCSCs alone or in combination with each other could really be
worthwhile in the treatment of breast cancer.
Rituximab Treatment Modulates the Release of Hydrogen Peroxide and the Production of Proinflammatory Cytokines by Monocyte at the Onset of Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Hamouda Linda , Miliani Maroua , Hadjidj Zeyneb , Messali Rabia , Aribi Mourad
Published: July 2019

Background:

Monocytes are the main blood innate mononuclear phagocyte and one of the
most important effector cells expressing Fcγ receptor, which is critical for the interaction with Fc domain
of antibodies.

Objective:

To evaluate the effect of Rituximab (RTX, a chimeric human anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody)
on the functional activities of Monocytes (MOs) at the onset of human Type 1 Diabetes (T1D).

Methods:

MOs were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from volunteer
patients with recent-onset T1D and healthy control donors.

Results:

The levels of the production of Interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 were significantly increased in
MOs from patients with T1D when compared to MOs from healthy controls (respectively, p < 0.01 and
p < 0.05). Similarly, Interferon γ (IFN-γ), and intracellular free Calcium Ion (ifCa2+) levels were increased
in T1D MOs than in control MOs, but the difference did not reach a significant level. Conversely,
the production levels of IL-4 and catalase activity, as well as of both phagocytosis and killing
capacities were decreased in MOs of T1D patients compared to MOs from healthy controls, but the
difference was not significant for catalase activity and killing capacity (respectively, p < 0.01, p > 0.05,
p < 0.01, and p > 0.05). Additionally, treatment with RTX significantly upregulated phagocytosis (p <
0.05), markedly downregulated the release of IL-1β (p < 0.01), ifCa2+, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and
slightly downregulated the Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) activity, NOS activity-to-arginase activity
ratio, the levels of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)-based cytotoxicity, and the production of IL-6 and
IFN-γ. Moreover, RTX treatment significantly upregulated the production of IL-4 (p < 0.05), IL-10
(p < 0.01) and the catalase activity (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Our study has shown for the first time that RTX can reverse the abnormal functional activities
of MOs as well as their production of proinflammatory cytokines at the onset of T1D. From a
therapeutic point of view, RTX may potentially be suggested at the beginning of T1D to immunomodulate
innate immunity and inflammatory conditions.
Model senam lansia untuk kebugaran jasmani dan fungsi otak
Authors: Putra Edo Fralian , Suharjana Suharjana
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan sebuah senam lansia untuk kebugaran jasmani dan fungsi otak. Metode penelitian ini mengacu pada penelitian Borg & Gall dengan tahapan: studi pendahuluan, analisis desain draf awal, validasi ahli, uji coba produk, evaluasi, dan revisi. Subjek uji coba skala kecil 15 orang, subjek uji coba penelitian skala besar 57 orang, dan subjek uji efektifitas produk 12 orang. Penilaian para ahli dan instruktur menggunakan kuisioner. Pengukuran kebugaran jasmani lansia menggunakan tes uji jalan 6 menit, sedangkan untuk mengukur fungsi kognitif lansia menggunakan tes The Montreal Cognitif Assesment  Indonesia (MoCA–Ina). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, model senam lansia valid, serta layak dan efektif untuk kebugaran jasmani dan fungsi otak. Hasil validasi ahli kesehatan lansia dan akademisi sekaligus praktisi kesehatan termasuk “sangat baik” dengan rata-rata 81,87%. Kualitas produk hasil uji coba skala kecil “sangat baik” dengan rata-rata 86,25. Uji coba skala besar juga termasuk “sangat baik” dengan rata-rata 98,12%. Hasil uji efektifitas produk menunjukkan peningkatan kebugaran jasmani lansia 0,32 poin (hasil pretest 4,4092 dan hasil postest 4,7292). Hasil uji efektifitas menunjukkan peningkatan fungsi kognitif lansia dengan 1,72 poin, (hasil pretest 25,58 dan hasil posttest 27,33). A gymnastic older model for pphysical fitness and brain function AbstractThis study aimed to develop an elderly gymnastics model for physical fitness and brain function. This research was research and development  which refered to Borg & Gall's research steps through preliminary study, initial draft design analysis, expert validation, product trial, evaluation, and revision. The subjects of the small-scale trial were 15 people, the subjects of the large-scale trials were 57 people, and the subjects of the product effectiveness test were 12 people. The assessment of experts and instructors used a questionnaire sheet. The measurement of elderly physical fitness used a 6-minute walk test, while measuring their cognitive function used the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Indonesia (MoCA-Ina) test. The results showed that  the developed elderly gymnastics model for physical fitness and brain function was valid. The result of expert validation showed the model was "very good" with an average  score of 81.87%. The quality of the product according to the small-scale test was "excellent" with an average score of 86.25%. Furthermore, based on the large-scale trials the product was "excellent" with an average score of 98.12%. The results of the effectiveness test showed an increase in physical fitness of the elderly by  0.32 points (the pretest score of 4.4092 to the result of postest score of 4.7292). The result of the effectiveness test showed improvement of cognitive function of elderly by 1,72 point (the pretest score of 25.58 to the result of posttest score of 27.33).
Peningkatan keyakinan diri dan hasil belajar guling depan melalui latihan imagery
Authors: Harimurti Rizki Sito
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keyakinan diri dan hasil belajar guling depan pada siswa putri kelas X Madrasah Aliyah Sunan Pandanaran melalui integrasi latihan imagery pada pembelajaran Penjasorkes. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri empat tahapan yaitu: persiapan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Analisis hasil penelitian dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 25 siswa dari kelas X A Madrasah Aliyah Sunan Pandanaran. Tindakan yang dilakukan berupa integrasi latihan imagery dalam pembelajaran guling depan. Pengambilan data penelitian melalui tes unjuk kerja, observasi, dan angket skala keyakinan diri. Tes unjuk kerja dilakukan pada penilaian hasil belajar guling depan. Angket skala keyakinan diri untuk mengukur tingkat keyakinan diri siswa. Sedangkan observasi dilakukan selama pembelajaran berlangsung untuk mengetahui keterlaksanaan pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa melalui program latihan imagery yang diintegrasikan dalam pembelajaran, siswa mengalami peningkatan keyakinan diri dan hasil belajar pada materi guling depan. Improve self-efficacy and learning outcomes of the forward roll through the exercise imagery AbstractThis research aims to improve self-efficacy and learning outcomes in the forward roll of female students of class X Madrasah Aliyah Sunan Pandanaran through the integration of imagery exercise in teaching Physical Education. This research is a classroom action research (CAR) conducted in two cycles. Each cycle comprised four stages: preparation, execution, observation, and reflection. The analysis of the results of research was conducted by qualitative descriptive manner. The subjects were 25 students of class X A, Madrasah Aliyah Sunan Pandanaran. The actions taken were in the form of imagery exercise integration into forward roll teaching. The collecting of the research data was through performance tests, observation, and self-efficacy scale questionnaire. The results show that through the imagery exercise program that is integrated into the lesson, students’ self-efficacy and learning outcome increase.
Penyusunan norma tes fisik pencak silat remaja kategori tanding
Authors: Saputro Deny Pradana , Siswantoyo Siswantoyo
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: menyusun norma tes fisik pencak silat remaja kategori tanding. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah atlet pencak silat remaja kategori tanding DIY yang berjumlah 42 atlet putra dan 46 atlet putri. Penyusunan norma menggunakan rumus norma 5 skala. Teknik analisis data menggunakan pearson correlation. Hasil penelitian berupa norma tes fisik pencak silat remaja kategori tanding yang terdiri dari 8 item tes, yaitu: fleksibilitas (sit and reach), kecepatan (sprint 30 meter), kekuatan lengan (push up 30 detik), kekuatan tungkai (wall sit test), kelincahan (side step), power tungkai (standing broad jump), daya tahan anaerobik (sprint 300 meter), dan daya tahan aerobik (multy fitness test). Tes dinyatakan valid dan reliabel dengan p < 0,05.  Norm drafting of pencak silat physical test for adolescent fighting categoryAbstractThis research aimed to know the norm of pencak silat physical test for adolescent fighting category. This research used survey method. The sample in this research was 42 men and 46 women of Pencak Silat adolescent fighting category. Data analysis used Pearson correlation.The result of the research was the norm of pencak silat physical test for adolescent fighting category, it was consisting of 8 test items: flexibility (sit and reach), speed (30 meters sprint), arm strength (30 seconds push up), leg strength (wall sit test), agility (side step), leg power (standing broad jump), anaerobic endurance (300 meters sprint) and (8) aerobic endurance (multy fitness test). The test was valid and reliable with p < 0,05.