bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kilometer-scale trends, variability, and extremes of the Adriatic far-future climate (RCP 8.5, 2070−2100)
Authors: Tojčić Iva , Denamiel Cléa , Vilibić Ivica
Published: January 2024

Due to orography-driven dynamics at a (sub-)kilometer scale (e.g., the bora wind) and a complex ocean bathymetry that includes numerous channels, depressions and ridges, the atmosphere-ocean dynamics within the semi-enclosed Adriatic region is not well reproduced by the available regional climate models. The Adriatic Sea and Coast (AdriSC) kilometer-scale atmosphere-ocean model was thus specifically developed to accurately assess the Adriatic climate hazards under both historical (1987-2017) and far-future (2070-2100) conditions. In this study, we analyze the impact of climate change on the projected Adriatic trends, variability and extreme events. In the atmosphere, our results mostly follow the already published literature: strong land-sea contrasts, increased droughts and extreme rainfall events, and decreased wind speeds in the coastal areas. In the ocean, strong and constant rise in surface and intermediate temperatures is associated with salinity decrease, except in surface during summer when salinity rises in the coastal areas. At the bottom and for the ocean circulation, our results exhibit strong contrasts. In the coastal areas, bottom temperature rises, and bottom salinity decreases at the same rate than in surface while changes in current speed are negligible. In the deepest part of the Adriatic, negative bottom temperature trends result in a rise 2.5°C slower than in surface while bottom salinity increases. Further, ocean currents accelerate in the surface and intermediate layers but decelerate at the bottom. These ocean results suggest a reduction of the dense water formation in the northern Adriatic, an intensification and shrinking of the southern Adriatic cyclonic gyre, and a strengthening of the vertical stratification in the deepest part of the Adriatic probably linked to changes in the Adriatic-Ionian water mass exchanges. Given the potential impact of these changes on the Adriatic coastal communities and marine life, this study highlights the need to increase the ongoing kilometer-scale modelling efforts in the Adriatic region with the aim to implement policies and adaptation plans better tailored to the local climate changes projected in this specific region.
EEG generation mechanism of lower limb active movement intention and its virtual reality induction enhancement: a preliminary study
Authors: Dong Runlin , Zhang Xiaodong , Li Hanzhe , Masengo Gilbert , Zhu Aibin , Shi Xiaojun , He Chen
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Active rehabilitation requires active neurological participation when users use rehabilitation equipment. A brain-computer interface (BCI) is a direct communication channel for detecting changes in the nervous system. Individuals with dyskinesia have unclear intentions to initiate movement due to physical or psychological factors, which is not conducive to detection. Virtual reality (VR) technology can be a potential tool to enhance the movement intention from pre-movement neural signals in clinical exercise therapy. However, its effect on electroencephalogram (EEG) signals is not yet known. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to construct a model of the EEG signal generation mechanism of lower limb active movement intention and then investigate whether VR induction could improve movement intention detection based on EEG.

Methods

Firstly, a neural dynamic model of lower limb active movement intention generation was established from the perspective of signal transmission and information processing. Secondly, the movement-related EEG signal was calculated based on the model, and the effect of VR induction was simulated. Movement-related cortical potential (MRCP) and event-related desynchronization (ERD) features were extracted to analyze the enhancement of movement intention. Finally, we recorded EEG signals of 12 subjects in normal and VR environments to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the above model and VR induction enhancement of lower limb active movement intention for individuals with dyskinesia.

Results

Simulation and experimental results show that VR induction can effectively enhance the EEG features of subjects and improve the detectability of movement intention.

Discussion

The proposed model can simulate the EEG signal of lower limb active movement intention, and VR induction can enhance the early and accurate detectability of lower limb active movement intention. It lays the foundation for further robot control based on the actual needs of users.
Temporal and structural sensitivities of major biomarkers for detecting neuropathology after traumatic brain injury in the mouse
Authors: Xiong Guoxiang , Jean Ian , Farrugia Anthony M. , Metheny Hannah , Johnson Brian N. , Cohen Noam A. , Cohen Akiva S.
Published: January 2024

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in teenagers to young adults. In recent decades, different biomarkers and/or staining protocols have been employed to evaluate the post-injury development of pathological structures, but they have produced many contradictory findings. Since correctly identifying the underlying neuroanatomical changes is critical to advancing TBI research, we compared three commonly used markers for their ability to detect TBI pathological structures: Fluoro-Jade C, the rabbit monoclonal antibody Y188 against amyloid precursor protein and the NeuroSilver kit were used to stain adjacent slices from naïve or injured mouse brains harvested at different time points from 30 min to 3 months after lateral fluid percussion injury. Although not all pathological structures were stained by all markers at all time points, we found damaged neurons and deformed dendrites in gray matter, punctate and perivascular structures in white matter, and axonal blebs and Wallerian degeneration in both gray and white matter. The present study demonstrates the temporal and structural sensitivities of the three biomarkers: each marker is highly effective for a set of pathological structures, each of which in turn emerges at a particular time point. Furthermore, the different biomarkers showed different abilities at detecting identical types of pathological structures. In contrast to previous studies that have used a single biomarker at a single time range, the present report strongly recommends that a combination of different biomarkers should be adopted and different time points need to be checked when assessing neuropathology after TBI.
Brain tumor classification: a novel approach integrating GLCM, LBP and composite features
Authors: Dheepak G. , J. Anita Christaline , Vaishali D.
Published: January 2024

Identifying and classifying tumors are critical in-patient care and treatment planning within the medical domain. Nevertheless, the conventional approach of manually examining tumor images is characterized by its lengthy duration and subjective nature. In response to this challenge, a novel method is proposed that integrates the capabilities of Gray-Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM) features and Local Binary Pattern (LBP) features to conduct a quantitative analysis of tumor images (Glioma, Meningioma, Pituitary Tumor). The key contribution of this study pertains to the development of interaction features, which are obtained through the outer product of the GLCM and LBP feature vectors. The utilization of this approach greatly enhances the discriminative capability of the extracted features. Furthermore, the methodology incorporates aggregated, statistical, and non-linear features in addition to the interaction features. The GLCM feature vectors are utilized to compute these values, encompassing a range of statistical characteristics and effectively modifying the feature space. The effectiveness of this methodology has been demonstrated on image datasets that include tumors. Integrating GLCM (Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix) and LBP (Local Binary Patterns) features offers a comprehensive representation of texture characteristics, enhancing tumor detection and classification precision. The introduced interaction features, a distinctive element of this methodology, provide enhanced discriminative capability, resulting in improved performance. Incorporating aggregated, statistical, and non-linear features enables a more precise representation of crucial tumor image characteristics. When utilized with a linear support vector machine classifier, the approach showcases a better accuracy rate of 99.84%, highlighting its efficacy and promising prospects. The proposed improvement in feature extraction techniques for brain tumor classification has the potential to enhance the precision of medical image processing significantly. The methodology exhibits substantial potential in facilitating clinicians to provide more accurate diagnoses and treatments for brain tumors in forthcoming times.
The influence of the merger process between two tertiary hospitals in Romania on job satisfaction among staff
Authors: Ilea Codrin Dan Nicolae , Daina Lucia Georgeta , Manole Felicia , Daina Mădalina Diana , Tirt Dorel Petru , Popa Anca
Published: January 2024

Aim

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of the merger process of two tertiary hospitals located in the northwest of Romania on the professional satisfaction among medical and non-medical staff and to develop a standardized satisfaction questionnaire for romanian hospitals.

Methods

1750 questionnaires distributed within County Clinical Emergency Hospital Bihor (CCEHBh) ten months and one year and four months after the merger process were analyzed.

Results

The percentage of staff who declare themselves satisfied with their work one year and four months after the merger is 80.14%. It has a downward trend compared to the result measured 10 months after the merger (86.14%) (χ2 test, p < 0.01). The aspects that were rated with the lowest percentage as satisfactory were the possibility of promotion (41.89%) and job security (53.38%). A statistically significant decrease was also recorded in the assessment of career prospects (from 81.49% to 74.73%, χ2 test, p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Even if there was a decrease in job satisfaction between the two evaluated periods, we can state that the general level at the last measurement is a good one (4.07 out of a maximum of 5). There was no significant difference in job satisfaction 1 year and 4 months after the merger for staff in the merged unit (4.06) compared to staff in the absorbing unit (4.09). The questionnaire applied in 2023 is one that has proven validity and reliability, being a good starting point for creating a standardized questionnaire that could be implemented in the vast majority of hospitals in Romania. The application of the questionnaire at an interval of 3–6 months would highlight the result of the implemented measures and the trend of employee satisfaction within CCEHBh.
Judgments of relevance in preschoolers: a study of training and transfer of self-cueing strategies
Authors: Leclercq Marion , Mombo Wilfried T. , Clerc Jérôme
Published: January 2024

Introduction

When facing a task, children must analyze it precisely to fully identify what its goal is. This is particularly difficult for young children, who mainly rely on environmental cues to get there. Research suggests that training children to look for the most relevant perceptual cues is promising. Furthermore, as transferring skills to a new task is difficult, the question of whether young children are able to transfer such training remains open. The aim of this study was to test the extent to which two strategies of goal self-cueing—labeling and pointing—can help 4-year-old children to identify the relevant cues to clearly identify the goal of the task. The effects of explicit strategy training were tested in a near transfer task.

Method

Ninety-nine typically developing 4 year olds took part in the study. They were divided into three groups: two were trained collectively in one of the two strategies and the third group as a control group with no strategy training. All children performed a cued card-sorting task four times: Pre-test, Collective training, Post-test, and Transfer with new cards.

Results

Results confirmed the beneficial effect of strategy training on goal identification, particularly after training (Post-test). In the transfer phase, all three groups performed equally well.

Discussion

This study contributes to our understanding of how young children seek information when they look for the most relevant cues for identifying the goal of a task, and the benefits they may derive in a transfer task. It seems that the use of visual cues and self-cueing strategies helps preschoolers to clearly identify the goal of a task. Results are discussed in the light of the self-regulated learning framework. Some possible classroom applications are suggested.
A survey-based assessment of rates and covariates of mpox diagnosis and vaccination provides evidence to refine eligibility criteria for mpox vaccination among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in the Netherlands
Authors: Adam Philippe C. G. , Op de Coul Eline L. M. , Zantkuijl Paul , Xiridou Maria , Bos Hanna , Blom Cor , Ketsuwan Itsada , te Wierik Margreet J. M. , David Silke , de Wit John B. F.
Published: January 2024

Background

The 2022 multicountry mpox outbreaks predominantly affected gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) in non-endemic countries, including in the Netherlands. We conducted a survey-based assessment of the alignment between the risk factors associated with mpox diagnosis among GBMSM in the Netherlands and the eligibility criteria used in 2022 for vaccinating this group, with the aim to refine these criteria.

Methods

An online self-report survey was conducted among adult GBMSM in the Netherlands between 29 July and 30 August 2022, corresponding to the first month of the Dutch mpox vaccination campaign. GBMSM were recruited via advertisements on social media and gay dating apps. Participants reported on their sexual behaviour, mpox diagnosis, and/or (initial) mpox vaccination since the start of the outbreak. Covariables of mpox diagnosis and vaccination were assessed using logistic regression analyses.

Results

Of the 2,460 participants, 73 (3.0%, 95% CI 2.3–3.6%) were diagnosed with mpox and 485 (19.7%, 95% CI 18.1–21.3%) had received (initial) mpox vaccination. Using sample weighting, we estimated that, of the GBMSM population aged 18–80 years in the Netherlands, 1.1% (95% CI 0.7–1.6%) had been diagnosed with mpox and 7.8% (95% CI 6.8–8.9%) had received (initial) vaccination. HIV-PrEP use, living with HIV, reporting ≥20 sex partners in the past 12 months, and sex in sex venues/parties in the past 2 months were independent risk factors for mpox diagnosis. Except for sex in sex venues/parties, these variables were also independently associated with mpox vaccination.

Conclusion

This study provides novel evidence regarding the degree to which the 2022 eligibility criteria for mpox vaccination align with the risk factors for mpox among GBMSM in the Netherlands. The findings contribute to a refinement of the eligibility criteria for mpox vaccination, to which sex in sex venues/parties should be added.
Augmented reality for supporting the interaction between pedestrians and automated vehicles: an experimental outdoor study
Authors: Aleva Thomas K. , Tabone Wilbert , Dodou Dimitra , de Winter Joost C. F.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Communication from automated vehicles (AVs) to pedestrians using augmented reality (AR) could positively contribute to traffic safety. However, previous AR research for pedestrians was mainly conducted through online questionnaires or experiments in virtual environments instead of real ones.

Methods: In this study, 28 participants conducted trials outdoors with an approaching AV and were supported by four different AR interfaces. The AR experience was created by having participants wear a Varjo XR-3 headset with see-through functionality, with the AV and AR elements virtually overlaid onto the real environment. The AR interfaces were vehicle-locked (Planes on vehicle), world-locked (Fixed pedestrian lights, Virtual fence), or head-locked (Pedestrian lights HUD). Participants had to hold down a button when they felt it was safe to cross, and their opinions were obtained through rating scales, interviews, and a questionnaire.

Results: The results showed that participants had a subjective preference for AR interfaces over no AR interface. Furthermore, the Pedestrian lights HUD was more effective than no AR interface in a statistically significant manner, as it led to participants more frequently keeping the button pressed. The Fixed pedestrian lights scored lower than the other interfaces, presumably due to low saliency and the fact that participants had to visually identify both this AR interface and the AV.

Discussion: In conclusion, while users favour AR in AV-pedestrian interactions over no AR, its effectiveness depends on design factors like location, visibility, and visual attention demands. In conclusion, this work provides important insights into the use of AR outdoors. The findings illustrate that, in these circumstances, a clear and easily interpretable AR interface is of key importance.
Climate-smart agricultural practices among rural farmers in Masvingo district of Zimbabwe: perspectives on the mitigation strategies to drought and water scarcity for improved crop production
Authors: Mpala Thandiwe Annastacia , Simatele Mulala Danny
Published: January 2024

Climate change is one of the most significant challenges many rural farmers face in sub-Saharan Africa, as most agricultural practices are rainfed dependent. Many of these rural farmers are small-scale farmers with limited access to financial assets, agricultural equipment, and inputs. With a rapidly changing climate and limited access to agricultural resources, many rural farmers in Zimbabwe have found it extremely difficult to engage in meaningful crop production activities and secure their livelihoods and incomes. This paper employs participatory research methods to examine adaptive strategies adopted by rural farmers. The strategies include optimal water resource utilisation, early maturing seed adoption, soil and water conservation (SWM), and nutrient management techniques (NMT). Cost-effective integration of labour and post-harvest storage facilities is also considered. Rural farmers, despite constraints, actively engage in these adaptive practices. The study assesses the effectiveness of initiatives to enhance crop production and build resilience against climate variability. Discussion centers on the comprehensiveness of these adaptive techniques within the broader framework of sustainable development goals, focusing on goals 1 (No Poverty) and 2 (Zero Hunger). The findings contribute to understanding and promoting resilience among vulnerable households facing climate-related challenges.
Transonic Buffet Suppression by Airfoil Optimization
Authors: Gong Yiming , Gao Chuanqiang , Zhang Weiwei
Published: January 2024

The main buffet suppression techniques of aircrafts include active and passive flow control, aiming to reduce the impact of the fluctuating loads on the airfoil. These techniques are remedies after the airfoil design. The buffet suppression is not always considered in the aerodynamic optimization in the state of airfoil design because it is difficult to extract an appropriate key objective variable to indicate the flow stability. In this paper, the damping rate of disturbance, which is computed by the global stability analysis, can be used to indicate flow stability. Based on the global stability analysis, a transonic buffet suppression methodology by airfoil optimization is proposed. The objective is to improve the aerodynamic performance as well as the flow stability in the desired flight state. The RAE2822 airfoil is chosen as the initial airfoil. A benchmark of the unsteady aerodynamic configuration optimization design considering buffet suppression is developed. First, the numerical methods are verified and the damping rate of disturbance is chosen as a constraint in the aerodynamic optimization to extend the buffet onset. Then, the surrogate models constructed by the radial basis function interpolation are used to replace the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver. The teaching- and learning-based optimization (TLBO) is used. Finally, the aerodynamic and the flow stability characteristics of the airfoil before and after optimization are compared and analyzed. The proposed optimization framework can not only improve the aerodynamic characteristics in the cruise state but can also suppress the transonic buffet on higher angles of attack.
Improving Gait Analysis Techniques with Markerless Pose Estimation Based on Smartphone Location
Authors: Yang Junhyuk , Park Kiwon
Published: January 2024

Marker-based 3D motion capture systems, widely used for gait analysis, are accurate but have disadvantages such as cost and accessibility. Whereas markerless pose estimation has emerged as a convenient and cost-effective alternative for gait analysis, challenges remain in achieving optimal accuracy. Given the limited research on the effects of camera location and orientation on data collection accuracy, this study investigates how camera placement affects gait assessment accuracy utilizing five smartphones. This study aimed to explore the differences in data collection accuracy between marker-based systems and pose estimation, as well as to assess the impact of camera location and orientation on accuracy in pose estimation. The results showed that the differences in joint angles between pose estimation and marker-based systems are below 5°, an acceptable level for gait analysis, with a strong correlation between the two datasets supporting the effectiveness of pose estimation in gait analysis. In addition, hip and knee angles were accurately measured at the front diagonal of the subject and ankle angle at the lateral side. This research highlights the significance of careful camera placement for reliable gait analysis using pose estimation, serving as a concise reference to guide future efforts in enhancing the quantitative accuracy of gait analysis.
Phytotherapy Used in Ailments of the Digestive System by Andean Inhabitants of Pampas, Huancavelica, Peru
Authors: Saldaña-Chafloque Charles Frank , Acosta-Román Mercedes , Torres-Huamaní José , Castillo-Zavala José Luis
Published: January 2024

The use of medicinal plants for the therapy of diseases of the digestive system, where the Andean peoples developed various forms of administration. The objective is to identify medicinal plants used in the therapy of ailments of the digestive system by the Andean inhabitants of Pampas, Tayacaja, Huancavelica, Peru. Methods: Non-probabilistic sampling, using the “snowball” technique, carrying out semi-structured surveys, allowing information to be collected on the prevalence of ailments or diseases of the digestive system treated with medicinal plants, with inhabitants over 20 years of age participating and using the medicinal plants in the therapy of your digestive system ailments, and exclude those inhabitants who do not comply with it. Results: A total of 16 families, 33 genera, and 34 species are reported, where the families that present the greatest abundance of species are Asteraceae and Lamiaceae. The widely used species are Minthostachys mollis (11.9%), Aloe vera (10.4%), Clinopodium bolivianum (9%), Artemisia absinthium (9%), and Matricaria chamomilla (8.2%). Concluding with the identification of a diversity of medicinal flora, used in the therapy of diseases of the digestive system, such as stomach pain, constipation, gallbladder ailments, gastritis, and gastrointestinal, and liver diseases.
Conjecturing about Small-Molecule Agonists and Antagonists of α4β1 Integrin: From Mechanistic Insight to Potential Therapeutic Applications
Authors: He Tingting , Giacomini Daria , Tolomelli Alessandra , Baiula Monica , Gentilucci Luca
Published: January 2024

Integrins are heterodimeric cell-surface receptors that regulate cell–cell adhesion and cellular functions through bidirectional signaling. On the other hand, anomalous trafficking of integrins is also implicated in severe pathologies as cancer, thrombosis, inflammation, allergies, and multiple sclerosis. For this reason, they are attractive candidates as drug targets. However, despite promising preclinical data, several anti-integrin drugs failed in late-stage clinical trials for chronic indications, with paradoxical side effects. One possible reason is that, at low concentration, ligands proposed as antagonists may also act as partial agonists. Hence, the comprehension of the specific structural features for ligands’ agonism or antagonism is currently of the utmost interest. For α4β1 integrin, the situation is particularly obscure because neither the crystallographic nor the cryo-EM structures are known. In addition, very few potent and selective agonists are available for investigating the mechanism at the basis of the receptor activation. In this account, we discuss the physiological role of α4β1 integrin and the related pathologies, and review the few agonists. Finally, we speculate on plausible models to explain agonism vs. antagonism by comparison with RGD-binding integrins and by analysis of computational simulations performed with homology or hybrid receptor structures.
Short-Term Outcomes and Efficacy of Percutaneous Deep Vein Arterialization for No-Option Critical Limb Ischemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Roustazadeh Roshanak , Gombert Alexander , Krabbe Julia , Jacobs Michael , Doukas Panagiotis
Published: January 2024

Background: Percutaneous deep vein arterialization (pDVA) is considered a treatment modality in patients with no-option critical limb ischemia. However, there is still a paucity of evidence regarding its safety and efficacy. Data sources: MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase and Web of Science databases as well as the CENTRAL registry up to the end of June 2023. Methods: This review adhered to the PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023445171). The risk of bias was assessed using the methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS). Primary endpoints included technical success, overall survival and limb salvage during the follow-up. Amputation-free survival at 30 days, 6 months and 1 year as well as complete wound healing, major adverse limb events and reintervention were investigated as secondary outcomes. Results: Five observational studies, comprising 208 patients (142 Rutherford class 5/77 Rutherford class 6), were included. MINORS revealed a low risk of bias. The meta-analysis reached a pooled technical success rate of 96.2% (95% CI: 91.5–98.4), an overall survival of 82.8% (95% CI: 70.5–95.2) and a limb salvage rate of 77.2% (95% CI: 65.2–89.1) during the follow-up. The amputation-free survival at 30 days, 6 months and 1 year was 87.8%, 68.7% and 65.6%, respectively. Furthermore, pDVA resulted in a complete wound healing rate of 53.4% (95% CI: 30.3–76.5). The pooled reintervention rate was as high as 46.7% (37.1–56.3%). Conclusions: PDVA seems a feasible bail-out strategy for patients with no option for routine treatment of CLTI. However, due to the small number of studies, the strength of the evidence is low.
Resection of Colorectal Liver Metastases with Major Vessel Involvement
Authors: Baumgart Janine , Hiller Sebastian , Stroh Kristina , Kloth Michael , Lang Hauke
Published: January 2024

Background: Treatment of CRLM with major vessel involvement is still challenging and valid data on outcomes are still rare. We analyzed our experience of hepatectomies with resection and reconstruction of major hepatic vessels with regard to operative and perioperative details, histopathological findings and oncological outcome. Methods: Data of 32 hepatectomies with major hepatic vessel resections and reconstructions were included. Results were correlated with perioperative and oncological outcome. Results: Out of 1236 surgical resections due to CRLM, we performed 35 major hepatic vessel resections and reconstructions in 32 cases (2.6%) during the study period from January 2008 to March 2023. The vena cava inferior (VCI) was resected and reconstructed in 19, the portal vein (PV) in 6 and a hepatic vein (HV) in 10 cases. Histopathological examination confirmed a vascular infiltration in 6/32 patients (VCI 3/17, HV 2/10 and PV 1/6). There were 27 R0 and 5 R1 resections. All R1 situations affected the parenchymal margin. Vascular wall margins were R0. Ninety-day mortality was 0. The median overall survival (OS) for the patient group with vascular infiltration (V1) was 21 months and for the V0 group 33.3 months. Conclusion: Liver resections with vascular resection and reconstruction are rare and histological vessel infiltration occurs seldom. In cases with presumed vascular wall infiltration, liver resection combined with major vessel resection and reconstruction can be performed with low morbidity and mortality. We prefer a parenchymal sparing liver resection with vascular resection and reconstruction to achieve negative resection margins, but in technically difficult cases with higher risk for postoperative complications, tumor detachment from vessels without resection is a most reasonable surgical alternative.
Bright Light Therapy for Major Depressive Disorder in Adolescent Outpatients: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Ballard Rachel , Parkhurst John T. , Gadek Lisa K. , Julian Kelsey M. , Yang Amy , Pasetes Lauren N. , Goel Namni , Sit Dorothy K.
Published: January 2024

Background: Bright light therapy (BLT) has not been well-studied in adolescents with major depressive disorder, particularly in outpatient settings. Methods: We conducted an 8-week clinical trial of BLT in adolescents recruited from a primary care practice with moderate to severe major depression. Acceptability and feasibility were defined by daily use of the light box and integration into daily routines. To assess treatment effects, we utilized the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ) and actigraphic sleep variables. Results: Of the nine enrolled adolescents, the rate of daily use of the light therapy box was 100% at week 2, 78% at week 4 (n = 7), and 67% at weeks 6 and 8 (n = 6). Participants were better able to integrate midday BLT compared to morning BLT into their day-to-day routines. Mean depression scores improved during the 2-week placebo lead-in (dim red light—DRL) and continued to show significant improvement through 6 weeks of BLT. Sleep efficiency increased significantly (p = 0.046), and sleep onset latency showed a trend toward a significant decrease (p = 0.075) in the BLT phase compared to the DRL phase. Conclusion: Bright light treatment that was self-administered at home was feasible, acceptable, and effective for adolescent outpatients with depression. Findings support the development of larger, well-powered, controlled clinical trials of BLT in coordination with primary care.
Dataset for Electronics and Plasmonics in Graphene, Silicene, and Germanene Nanostrips
Authors: Tene Talia , Bonilla García Nataly , Sáez Paguay Miguel Ángel , Vera John , Guevara Marco , Vacacela Gomez Cristian , Bellucci Stefano
Published: January 2024

The quest for novel materials with extraordinary electronic and plasmonic properties is an ongoing pursuit in the field of materials science. The dataset provides the results of a computational study that used ab initio and semi-analytical computations to model freestanding nanosystems. We delve into the world of ribbon-like materials, specifically graphene nanoribbons, silicene nanoribbons, and germanene nanoribbons, comparing their electronic and plasmonic characteristics. Our research reveals a myriad of insights, from the tunability of band structures and the influence of an atomic number on electronic properties to the adaptability of nanoribbons for optoelectronic applications. Further, we uncover the promise of these materials for biosensing, demonstrating their plasmon frequency tunability based on charge density and Fermi velocity modification. Our findings not only expand the understanding of these quasi-1D materials but also open new avenues for the development of cutting-edge devices and technologies. This data presentation holds immense potential for future advancements in electronics, optics, and molecular sensing.
Cache Optimization Methods Involving Node and Content Sharding of Blockchain in Internet of Vehicles
Authors: Zhao Yawen , Ding Nan
Published: January 2024

Blockchain stands out in addressing the data security requirements of the Internet of Vehicles. However, blockchain has storage pressure that cannot be met by most existing nodes. The emergence of Mobile Edge Computing allows nodes closer to the users to undertake the caching and computation process. Although sharding can alleviate the storage pressure on blockchain nodes, frequent cross-shard communication can affect the overall performance of the blockchain. In this paper, combining the features of traffic flow with strong regional similarity as well as inter-node correlation, we propose two sharding methods based on the current Vehicle–Infrastructure–Clouds three-tier service model. The proposed Content Sharding method can optimize node caching and improve the cache-hitting ratio. The proposed node sharding method can effectively reduce the system service delay by assisting nodes to cache the whole blockchain together across the network.
An Analysis of the Development of the Cogeneration Sector in Spain: A Comprehensive Review of the Period 1980–2020 from a Regulatory Perspective
Authors: Adamo Angela , De la Hoz Jordi , Martín Helena , Rubio Joan , Coronas Sergio
Published: January 2024

Combined Heat and Power (CHP) has been identified by the EU as a powerful resource capable of making substantial contributions to energy savings and reducing GHG emissions. Spain’s effort to promote CHP has been prolific since the 1980s. In this regard, there have been various Laws, Royal Decrees (RDs) and European Union (EU) Directives addressed to reach the national objectives set for the CHP sector. Despite these attempts, the evolution and growth of installed CHP capacity has been irregular, compared to other technologies. Likewise, the academic treatment of the Spanish CHP evolution has not deserved the same attention as other technologies such as wind, photovoltaic and thermal solar systems. As a result, this article is aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of the regulatory frameworks applied to the Spanish CHP sector and analysing the reasons behind the variable evolution of the installed CHP capacity. The study covers the legislative context from 1980 to 2020, describing the evolution during both the pre-liberalization and liberalization periods, highlighting the modifications in economic policies that affected self-producers and the so-called Special Regime (SR) for CHP, and examining the challenges faced during the cost containment measures that followed. The manuscript finds and explains the connection between the regulatory framework and the evolution of installed CHP capacity in Spain. Likewise, the connection between the industrial situation and the promotion of CHP, as well as the influence of the Spanish Electricity Sector (SES)’s liberalization on the CHP sector are also pointed out. The paper intends to provide valuable insights for CHP experts and policymakers by showcasing the importance of aligning regulatory measures with the objectives of energy efficiency. It also serves as a reference for countries in various stages of promoting CHP, and provides evidence for the importance of stable energy-policy control mechanisms.
Techno-Economic and Environmental Assessment of a Photovoltaic-Based Fast-Charging Station for Public Utility Vehicles
Authors: Kotarela Faidra , Rigogiannis Nick , Glavinou Eleni , Mpailis Fotis , Kyritsis Anastasios , Papanikolaou Nick
Published: January 2024

The characterization of electric vehicles as environmentally friendly means of transportation hinges, on the one hand, upon the manner in which the energy for their charging is generated and, on the other hand, on the recyclability of the materials composing them, with primary emphasis on the recycling of batteries. Given that we are still in the early stages of electrification in road transportation, it can be argued that at least a decade is required for the development of a sustainable battery recycling industry. Conversely, the progressively increasing number of electric vehicles makes the necessity of charging them with clean, green energy imperative. In this context, this study examines the energy and economic aspects of replacing 50% of the public passenger vehicle fleet, which currently relies on internal combustion engines, with electric vehicles on the island of Zakynthos, Greece. Specifically, it calculates the energy needs of these vehicles and proposes methods for environmentally friendly electricity generation to meet the electrical demand. To assess the benefits for the owners of the charging stations and the electric vehicles, the Life-Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) method is employed for various scenarios regarding (a) the pricing of the supplied electrical energy for electric vehicle charging and (b) the evolution of fossil fuel prices. The study concludes by highlighting the environmental advantages of such an investment.
Sandstone Layer Connectivity and Its Control on Coalbed Methane (CBM) Accumulation Based on Sequence Stratigraphic Analysis: A Case Study of the Lower Shihezi Formation in Qinan Coal Mine, Xuzhou–Suzhou Region, China
Authors: Wei Kebin , Qu Zhenghui , Wan Weike , Li Changxing , Zhang Qingtian , Hou Wenjun , Luo Jie , Ding Shuo
Published: January 2024

The sandstone layer connectivity in coal measure strata is one of the key factors in CBM escape in underlying coal seams, which lacks systematic research currently. This study aimed to explore sandstone layer connectivity and its control on CBM accumulation, taking the Lower Shihezi Formation in Qinan Coal Mine, Xuzhou–Suzhou Region, China, as a case study; to do so, we studied the No. 7 coal CBM unit, the pore-rich sandstone layers, and their connectivity modes by performing sequence stratigraphic analysis on the borehole cores, the logging data, and the theory of sequence stratigraphy and sedimentology, combined with the accumulation characteristics of the No. 7 coal seam CBM. This study shows the following: (1) The sequence stratigraphic framework of the Lower Shihezi Formation in the research region consists of two third-class sequences and six system tracts. (2) The No. 7 coal seam CBM unit includes the CBM formation layer, the connectivity layer, and the stable capping layer. (3) There are 10 types of parasequences in the No. 7 coal connectivity layer, and the pore-rich sandstone layers are all located in the connectivity layer and connected in three modes (vertical connectivity, lateral connectivity, and non-connectivity). (4) The connectivity modes and the thickness of pore-rich sandstone layers control the CBM accumulation in the region. Where the pore-rich sandstone layers are thickest and display vertical connectivity, the strong CBM desorption and escape lead to low CBM; where the pore-rich sandstone layers are thinnest and unconnected, the weak to no CBM desorption and escape result in high CBM. (5) Three models for sandstone layer connectivity and its control on CBM accumulation include the CBM weak accumulation model with a strong source supply, large basin subsidence, and undercompensation deposition; the CBM moderate accumulation model with a moderate source supply, moderate basin subsidence, and overcompensation to isostatic compensation deposition; and the CBM strong accumulation model with a weak source supply, small basin subsidence, and undercompensation deposition.
Design and Implementation of an Energy Management System with Event-Triggered Distributed Secondary Control in DC Microgrids
Authors: Calpbinici Ayberk , Irmak Erdal , Kabalcı Ersan
Published: January 2024

In this paper, an event-triggered distributed secondary control, along with an energy management algorithm, was developed to ensure the voltage stability and power management of a DC microgrid containing batteries and renewable energy sources, such as PV systems and wind turbines. The energy management algorithm, employing fuzzy logic control, governs power flow based on the generation status of sources and the charging rate of the battery. Consequently, the control algorithm shields the battery from overcharging and over-discharging situations, simultaneously ensuring energy quality within the microgrid. Sampled-data-based event-triggered control is integrated into the proposed distributed secondary control to alleviate communication burdens between controllers, effectively avoiding Zeno behavior. To demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed control algorithm, several experimental studies were conducted on a real DC microgrid prototype. The results obtained confirmed the controller’s effectiveness. With the proposed control algorithm, autonomous control has been developed to ensure the safe and continuous operation of loads in island-mode microgrids, incorporating PV systems, wind turbines, and batteries, while also minimizing communication overhead. This control system adeptly manages power flow, safeguards the battery against overcharging and over-discharging, and optimizes the efficiency of intermittent energy sources.
Biotechnological Potential of Lignocellulosic Biomass as Substrates for Fungal Xylanases and Its Bioconversion into Useful Products: A Review
Authors: Dahiya Seema , Rapoport Alexander , Singh Bijender
Published: January 2024

Lignocellulose, the most abundant and renewable plant resource, is a complex of polymers mainly composed of polysaccharides (cellulose and hemicelluloses) and an aromatic polymer (lignin). Utilisation of lignocellulosic biomass for biotechnological applications has increased over the past few years. Xylan is the second most abundant carbohydrate in plant cell walls, and structurally, it is a heteropolysaccharide with a backbone composed of β-1,4-d-xylopyranosyl units connected with glycosidic bonds. Xylanases degrade this complex structure of xylan and can be produced by various microorganisms, including fungi, bacteria, and yeasts. Lignocellulosic biomass is the most economical substrate for the production of fungal xylanases. The bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass to industrially important products, i.e., xylooligosaccharides and biofuels, is possible via the application of xylanases. These enzymes also play a key role in enhancing the nutrition of food and feed and the bio-bleaching of paper and kraft pulp. However, the demand for more potent and efficient xylanases with high activity has increased, which is fulfilled by involving recombinant DNA technology. Hence, in this review, we thoroughly discussed the biotechnological potential of lignocellulosic biomass for the production of fungal xylanases, their purification, molecular strategies for improving their efficiency, and their utilisation for the production of valuable products and in other industrial processes.
Ignition Delay and Reaction Time Measurements of Hydrogen–Air Mixtures at High Temperatures
Authors: Baranyshyn Yauhen , Kuzmitski Vyacheslav , Penyazkov Oleg , Sevrouk Kirill
Published: January 2024

Induction and reaction times of hydrogen–air mixtures (ϕ = 0.5–2) have been measured behind reflected shock waves at temperatures of 1000–1600 K, pressures of 0.1, 0.3, 0.6 MPa in the domain of the extended second explosion limit. The measurements were performed in the shock tube with a completely transparent test section of 0.5 m long, which provides pressure, ion current, OH and high-speed chemiluminescence observations. The experimental induction time plots demonstrate a clear increasing of the global activation energy from high- to low temperature post-shock conditions. This trend is strongly pronounced at higher post-shock pressures. For a high-temperature range of T > 1200 K, induction time measurements show an activation energy for the global reaction rate of hydrogen oxidation of 64–83 kJ/mole. Detected reaction times exhibit a big scatter and a weak temperature dependence. The minimum reaction time value was nearly 2 µs. Obtained induction time data were compared with calculations carried out in accordance with the known kinetic mechanisms. For current and former shock-tube experiments within a pressure range of 0.1–2 MPa, critical temperatures required for strong (1000–1100 K), transient and weak auto-ignition modes behind reflected shock waves were identified by means of the pressure and ion-probe measurements in stoichiometric hydrogen-air mixture. The transfer from the strong volumetric self-ignition near the reflecting wall to the hot spot ignition (transient) was established and visualized below <1200 K with a post-shock temperature decreasing.
(ω,c)-Periodic Solution to Semilinear Integro-Differential Equations with Hadamard Derivatives
Authors: Al-Omari Ahmad , Al-Saadi Hanan , Alharbi Fawaz
Published: January 2024

This study aims to prove the existence and uniqueness of the (ω,c)-periodic solution as a specific solution to Hadamard impulsive boundary value integro-differential equations with fixed lower limits. The results are proven using the Banach contraction, Schaefer’s fixed point theorem, and the Arzelà–Ascoli theorem. Furthermore, we establish the necessary conditions for a set of solutions to the explored boundary values with impulsive fractional differentials. Finally, we present two examples as applications for our results.
Otsu Image Segmentation Based on a Fractional Order Moth–Flame Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Fan Qi , Ma Yu , Wang Pengzhi , Bai Fenghua
Published: January 2024

To solve the shortcomings of the Otsu image segmentation algorithm based on traditional Moth–Flame Optimization (MFO), such as its poor segmentation accuracy, slow convergence, and tendency to fall into local optimum, this paper proposes fractional order moth–flame optimization with the Otsu image segmentation algorithm. Utilizing the advantages of memorability and heritability in fractional order differentiation, the position updating of moths is controlled by fractional order. Using the adaptive fractional order, the positions of moths are used to adjust the fractional order adaptively to improve the convergence speed. Combining the improved MFO algorithm with the two-dimensional Otsu algorithm, the optimization objective function is achieved by using its dispersion matrix. The experimental results indicate that, compared with traditional MFO, the convergence rate of the proposed algorithm is improved by about 74.62%. Furthermore, it has better segmentation accuracy and a higher fitness value than traditional MFO.
Finite Representations of the Wright Function
Authors: Prodanov Dimiter
Published: January 2024

The two-parameter Wright special function is an interesting mathematical object that arises in the theory of the space and time-fractional diffusion equations. Moreover, many other special functions are particular instantiations of the Wright function. The article demonstrates finite representations of the Wright function in terms of sums of generalized hypergeometric functions, which in turn provide connections with the theory of the Gaussian, Airy, Bessel, and Error functions, etc. The main application of the presented results is envisioned in computer algebra for testing numerical algorithms for the evaluation of the Wright function.