bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mettre en cause la pollution du coin de la rue
Authors: Garrocq Jean-Baptiste
Published: May 2024

À partir de l’ethnographie d’un réseau de mesures alternatives de la pollution de l’air, cet article aborde la façon dont des mises en cause se forment avec des micro-capteurs. Pour comprendre les conditions de la formation de ces causes, nous analysons les manières dont s’articulent le sens ordinaire de la justice d’individus ou de collectifs et la production de données par les micro-capteurs. En partant des attitudes morales que les individus adoptent par rapport à ces objets, nous identifions deux formes dans lesquelles se déploient les mises en cause : l’alerte et l’affaire. Dans chacune de ces formes, nous analysons comment se façonnent des articulations singulières entre morale et technique lorsque les individus publicisent des liens de causalité entre des sources de pollution et des données. Nous envisageons alors différentes configurations possibles pour la critique environnementale équipée d’objets numériques.
Le carbone des sols et son public
Authors: Leclerc Robin
Published: May 2024

Dans un contexte de territorialisation des politiques climatiques, le stockage du carbone dans les sols est une nouvelle dimension dont doivent tenir compte les collectivités dans l’élaboration de leur Plan Climat Air Energie Territoire. Dans cet article, nous proposons de nous intéresser à la co-construction du problème du carbone des sols et de son public local, en prenant le cas d’Aldo, outil développé par l’ADEME pour accompagner les collectivités. Notre analyse montre comment sa conception cristallise un public et un cadrage du problème « carbone des sols », que les concepteurs délimitent à travers le choix des données et des scripts. L’utilisation effective d’Aldo par un public d’ingénieurs carbone témoigne d’un intérêt allant au-delà de ce public anticipé, en deçà de la mise en œuvre du Plan Climat. Nous analysons le produit de cette rencontre, ainsi que ce que signifie la prise en compte de ce public dans les évolutions les plus récentes de l’outil.
Agriculture de précision et tournant environnemental
Authors: Oui Jeanne
Published: May 2024

Le développement des technologies numériques en agriculture s’appuie en partie sur un argumentaire environnemental développé par des entreprises, des politiques, des organismes agricoles. Par leur précision et leur quantification, les données issues de capteurs, les algorithmes, les machines connectées, les services de conseil numériques permettraient de mieux maîtriser les processus de production, et in fine de limiter les pollutions environnementales de l’agriculture productiviste. L’article s’intéresse au paradigme scientifique lié à cette promesse de numérisation, par une étude au sein de communautés agronomiques françaises en productions végétales (écophysiologie des plantes, agro-météorologie, télédétection, agroéquipement, informatique) : quelle gouvernance du tournant environnemental est contenue dans le développement des savoirs, données et technologies numériques au sein des technosciences agricoles ? Ce travail montre que le recours aux savoirs et données numériques en agriculture n’échappe pas au prisme productiviste et réductionniste dominant les savoirs agronomiques sur les productions végétales et participe d’un rapprochement renforcé entre la technoscience agronomique et ses applications commerciales.
Diffusion et réceptions-appropriations des normes corporelles sur internet
Authors: Affre-Garcia Eléonore , Bataille Pierre , Fraysse Mélie , Rizzardi Delphine
Published: May 2024

Cet article propose une analyse des normes corporelles féminines diffusées sur les réseaux sociaux et de leurs modalités de réception-appropriation, en se focalisant sur Instagram et une pratique de « bien-être » (le yoga). En se basant à la fois sur un corpus de quatre comptes Instagram d’influenceuses de yoga et sur une enquête chez des pratiquants, nous montrerons combien l’ancrage social des réceptions des normes esthétiques joue un rôle déterminant dans les modalités d’appropriation de ces normes. En effet, l’étude du corpus Instagram conclut à des modèles médiatiques de féminité « maîtrisée » construite autour d’un corps mince et athlétique articulé avec une morale familialiste fondée sur la valorisation du foyer et de l’hétérosexualité. Cependant, ces normes dominantes font l’objet de réceptions-appropriations différenciées par les pratiquants de yoga. Trois modalités sont ainsi mises au jour, entretenant des rapports diversifiés à ces normes, entre performance, indifférence et critique. Largement dépendantes de ressources, notamment politiques, ces trois modalités montrent bien comment le contournement, voire la contestation de ces normes, est possible tout en permettant un usage de la plateforme au service d’une valorisation de ses différences.
Faire parti sur Twitter
Authors: Beaurepaire Camille , Boude Yvan , Bar-Hen Avner
Published: May 2024

La vie politique serait aujourd’hui caractérisée par une individualisation et une personnalisation des capitaux politiques, au détriment des partis. L’émergence de plateformes numériques accélérerait ce phénomène en permettant aux politiques une expression publique plus personnalisée. Cet article vise à saisir les modalités empiriques de cette proposition à travers l’analyse de la communication sur Twitter des députés de la XV e  législature : en ayant recours à des outils de statistique de réseaux appliqués à plus d’un million de tweets récupérés entre 2017 et 2019, nous y étudions le poids des partis dans la structuration des interactions entre députés et les recompositions induites entre capitaux partidaires et individuels. Les partis encadrent encore largement la communication des parlementaires, ce qui n’est pas contradictoire avec une individualisation de leurs figures de proue : la communication collective des fractions parlementaires est enrôlée à leur bénéfice, quoique de façon inégale entre partis.
Monnaie numérique de banque centrale : une fissure dans l’accord historique entre banques centrales et commerciales ?
Authors: Monnet Cyril , Rojas-Breu Mariana
Published: May 2024

Cet article discute des effets potentiels de l’émission d’une monnaie numérique de banque centrale (MNBC) de détail sur le secteur bancaire. Ces effets peuvent se matérialiser principalement via les dépôts bancaires, puisque la MNBC pourrait se substituer aux dépôts et impliquer la perte partielle de cette source de financement pour les banques. L’article part des estimations de la demande de MNBC et de ses effets sur la désintermédiation bancaire. L’impact d e la MNBC sur la stabilité financière est également discuté. Sur la base de cette discussion, l’article développe le point de vue selon lequel la MNBC pourrait, selon la conception retenue, être globalement bénéfique pour l’économie et le bien-être social.
Labour market participation, wages and inequality in the Southern Cone of South America
Authors: Montano Malena
Published: May 2024

L’Argentine, le Chili et l’Uruguay partagent de nombreuses similitudes mais ont développé différents systèmes de réglementation du travail et de régimes de négociation collective. Ainsi, leurs indicateurs du marché du travail permettent une analyse comparative particulièrement enrichissante. Cette étude retrace les différences dans les marchés du travail, les salaires et les inégalités pour l’ensemble de la main-d’œuvre, en mettant l’accent sur les travailleurs salariés du secteur privé formel. Les résultats montrent des résultats favorables en Uruguay, le pays avec la couverture la plus élevée et la plus centralisée de négociations collectives. Alors que l’Argentine, cas intermédiaire, est la plus égalitaire mais marquée par une certaine volatilité des relations professionnelles. Le Chili a la couverture la plus faible et le système le plus décentralisé, se trouve dans une position intermédiaire concernant la participation au marché et les salaires, et reste le plus inégalitaire. Le Chili et l’Uruguay présentent en moyenne période les indicateurs du marché du travail les plus solides et les plus cohérents.
The ebb and flows of informal employment in Algeria before the COVID-19 pandemic: a cheap substitute to formal jobs ?
Authors: Adair Philippe , Souag Ali
Published: May 2024

LES FLUCTUATIONS DE L’EMPLOI INFORMEL EN ALGÉRIE AVANT LA PANDÉMIE DE COVID-19 : UN SUBSTITUT BON MARCHÉ À LA CRÉATION D’EMPLOIS FORMELS ? Nous analysons l’enjeu de la création d’emplois au regard des politiques du marché du travail mises en œuvre en Algérie depuis la fin des années 1990. La forte baisse du taux de chômage et la forte élasticité vis-à-vis du taux de croissance du PIB questionnent la pertinence de la loi d’Okun. L’impact quantitatif de la création d’emplois est évalué pour trois régimes : l’intermédiation sur le marché du travail, la création d’emplois de sauvegarde et l’effet de la promotion de l’entrepreneuriat sur l’emploi dans les PME. L’interaction entre la hausse de l’emploi informel et la baisse du chômage avant et après 2008 est traitée. L’impact global des politiques de l’emploi s’avère faible tant sur le taux de chômage que sur l’emploi informel. L’emploi informel constitue un substitut peu coûteux à l’emploi formel qui permet l’ajustement du niveau d’emploi.
From Vilasam to the Bank of Chettinad: The Supervision of Chettiar Banking in the Bay of Bengal
Authors: Sridhar Siddharth
Published: May 2024

Dans la zone du golfe du Bengale, au sein de l’Empire Britanique, le secteur bancaire était caractérisé par une ligne de démarcation entre deux marchés distincts : un secteur bancaire européen impliqué dans le financement du commerce et un marché autochtone pour les prêts à court terme et le financement agricole. Dans ce monde, des communautés bancaires dotées de pratiques sophistiquées de contrôle interne et informel faisaient le lien entre ces marchés pour permettre la vaste expansion de la frontière des matières premières. L’une de ces communautés était les Nattukottai Chettiars de l’Inde du Sud, qui ont déployé un régime de supervision sophistiqué pour combler le déficit de confiance entre les banques européennes et les cultivateurs autochtones de riz et de caoutchouc en Birmanie coloniale, à Ceylan, en Malaisie et même en Indochine française au XIX e et au début du XX e siècle. L’éclatement de la crise de 1929 a provoqué une série de défauts sur les prêts et credits immobiliers parmi les producteurs de matières premières dans la baie du Bengale et a perturbé les flux de capitaux des Chettiar lorsque leurs prêts se sont transformés en biens immobiliers. Le contrecoup qui en a résulté a incité les États coloniaux à examiner de près les activités bancaires des Chettiars dans le cadre d’enquêtes bancaires à grande échelle en Inde, en Birmanie et à Ceylan, et à adopter des lois pour intervenir sur les marchés du crédit, mais sans grande efficacité. La tâche de réglementer la finance chettiar a donc incombé aux tribunaux et aux fonctionnaires de l’impôt sur le revenu. Cet article s’appuie sur les rapports d’enquête bancaire, les archives coloniales et les dossiers judiciaires, ainsi que sur l’abondante littérature consacrée à la finance chettiar (Weerasooriya 1973, Mahadevan 1978, Rudner 1994), pour étudier comment les pratiques de contrôle interne et informel ont été supplantées par la réglementation externe de l’État au lendemain de l’effondrement et alors que les entreprises chettiars cherchaient à tirer profit de la transposition (Birla 2008) de leurs pratiques commerciales dans le droit colonial des sociétés. Cet article appelle à accorder une plus grande attention à l’ancrage social de la supervision financière, en particulier dans le contexte colonial.
Outcomes and Risks Associated With Subsequent Contralateral Hip Fractures
Authors: Chapman Paige N. , Georgiadis Gregory M. , Seegert Sara , Russell Benjamin , O'Mara-Gardner Kristin , Bair Jeffrey M. , Tank Jason C.
Published: May 2024

Background:

Hip fractures constitute a major public health problem for older individuals. They are associated with functional deterioration, limited mobility, and increased mortality, while contributing to economic and social hardships that are compounded by a second hip fracture. With the aging US population and increasing rates of hip fractures, it is essential to understand factors surrounding subsequent contralateral hip fractures.

Materials and Methods:

This descriptive study was a retrospective review of patients 60 years and older who were identified in the institutional geriatric hip fracture database as having had an initial and subsequent contralateral hip fracture, with the second treated at our tertiary referral center.

Results:

The incidence of subsequent hip fracture was 13.2%. The mean time to second hip fracture was 3.5 years after the initial injury. The first fracture tended to be a femoral neck fracture, whereas the second injury was more likely to have an intertrochanteric pattern. There was a higher complication rate after a subsequent hip fracture. Patients taking osteoporosis and adjuvant medication prior to admission for the second fracture tended to have a lower 90-day mortality rate. Patients with a history of any fracture prior to the first hip fracture, with cancer, and with osteopenia had shorter intervals to the subsequent event.

Conclusion:

Subsequent hip fractures carry high morbidity and mortality rates. Steps should be taken after the initial injury to optimize outcomes in the case of a subsequent event. Patients discharged after initial hip fracture should be maintained with osteoporosis medication. [
Orthopedics
. 2024;47(5):264–269.]
Synchronization analysis of delayed quaternion-valued memristor-based neural networks by a direct analytical approach
Authors: Guo Jun , Shi Yanchao , Wang Shengye
Published: May 2024

This issue discusses the asymptotic synchronization and the exponential synchronization for memristor-based quaternion-valued neural networks under the time-varying delays. Some criteria for synchronization of the memristor-based quaternion-valued neural networks are given by exploiting the set-valued theory, the differential inclusion theory, some analytic techniques, as well as constructing novel controllers, It is worth noting that the synchronization problem about the memristor-based quaternion-valued neural networks were studied by the direct analysis method in this paper. Finally, the main theoretical results were verified by numerical simulations.
The causation dilemma in ESG research
Authors: Williams Zach , Apollonio Heather
Published: May 2024

The ESG literature suggests that the relationship between a firm's environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance and a firm's financial performance is positive, but the causal link between these two variables is ambiguous. The results in this study mirrored that sentiment of the ESG literature; thus, the purpose of this article is to frame the causal ambiguity in ESG research that accounts for ambiguous conclusions in ESG literature. This study found that firms with complete Bloomberg ESG ratings had higher abnormal returns than firms without complete ESG ratings, but the actual rating did not correlate with abnormal returns. Similarly, this study found that firms with higher ESG disclosure scores (regardless of whether the disclosures were good or bad) were associated with higher abnormal returns, which further illustrates the ambiguity and suggests transparency as a clarifying factor. While much of the literature notes challenges in ESG research, this study is one of the first that frames the confusing causal link between ESG performance and financial performance as the key conclusion of the study.
Threshold analysis of an algae-zooplankton model incorporating general interaction rates and nonlinear independent stochastic components
Authors: Sabbar Yassine , Raezah Aeshah A.
Published: May 2024

The stochastic nature of ecological systems is fundamental to their modeling and understanding. In this paper, we introduce a comprehensive algae-zooplankton model that incorporates general interaction rate and second-order independent stochastic components. Our model's perturbation component encompasses both white noise and jump processes, enabling us to account for various sources of variability and capture a wide range of potential fluctuations in the system. By utilizing an auxiliary equation, we establish a global threshold for the stochastic system, distinguishing between scenarios of extinction and ergodicity. This threshold serves as a critical determinant of the system's long-term behavior and sheds light on the delicate balance between population persistence and decline in ecological communities. To elucidate the impact of noise on the dynamics of algae and zooplankton, we present a series of numerical illustrations. Through these simulations, we highlight how noise influences not only the extinction time but also the shape of the stationary distribution. Our findings underscore the significant role of stochasticity in shaping ecological dynamics and emphasize the importance of considering noise effects in ecological modeling and management practices.
Impact du numérique sur la relation entre les systèmes de gestion de crise et les citoyens, analyse empirique en Île-de-France et en Région de Bruxelles-Capitale
Authors: Santoni Victor
Published: May 2024

Depuis une dizaine d’année, les systèmes de gestion de crise utilisent les canaux de communication apportés par le numérique. D'un côté, le recours aux plateformes numériques et aux applications smartphones permet une plus grande visibilité des connaissances sur le risque. De l’autre, les réseaux sociaux numériques apparaissent comme un levier idéal pour combler le manque d'implication citoyenne dans la gestion de crise. Pourtant, jusqu'à la crise sanitaire qui a débuté en 2020, rien ne semble avoir été fait pour impliquer les citoyens au cours du processus de gestion de crise. Dans cet article, nous posons la question de l'apport du numérique dans la transformation de la communication sur les risques et dans l'implication citoyenne dans la gestion de crise. En 2018, nous avons diffusé un questionnaire en Île-de-France et dans la région de Bruxelles-Capitale afin de comprendre les attentes des citoyens et les effets des stratégies de communication territoriale sur la perception des risques citoyens. Nos résultats suggèrent que la technologie numérique contribue à la gestion des catastrophes de deux manières principales : en facilitant la communication officielle avant et pendant les crises, et en favorisant l'implication des citoyens pendant les crises. Néanmoins, notre analyse révèle que même si la technologie numérique permet la prolifération des canaux d'information pour atteindre un public plus large, elle ne facilite pas l’émergence d'une approche ascendante, l’apprentissage des connaissances liées aux risques, ni l'amélioration de la compréhension par les citoyens de leur rôle dans la gestion des catastrophes.
Hopi Dreams and Anthropologists’ Dream Collection Strategies
Authors: Lemov Rebecca
Published: May 2024

A unique collection of over five hundred dreams transcribed from Hopi people—Native American families from the Hopi Pueblo group in the American Southwest—lies almost entirely forgotten in the archives and microcard records of a mid-20th century anthropologist named Dorothy Way Eggan (1901-1965). The article delves into the relationships Eggan pursued with Hopi people, especially Don Talayesva, a man who became quite famous in the 1940s and 1950s as the “Sun Chief” (the title of his autobiography, one of the first of a Hopi). Eggan was immersed in psychoanalysis but preferred to view dreams as cultural technologies defying a standard interpretation, Freudian or otherwise. The article examines how dreams were treated by the collector and the collected—the interpreter and the dreamer. Eggan believed Talayesva to be a “marginal man,” a concept borrowed from the sociologist Robert Park. Meanwhile, Eggan herself was a marginal woman in a way that enabled this unusual arrangement.
Portrait du rêveur matérialiste
Authors: Roelli Michaël
Published: May 2024

Grand artisan de l’acquittement de la psychanalyse par les intellectuels communistes à la fin des années 1960, Louis Althusser est aussi connu pour être devenu le premier meurtrier de l’histoire de la philosophie. Son destin hors du commun a donné lieu à un programme d’édition posthume sans précédent, conclu en 2015 avec la publication de ses récits de rêve (1941-1967). Afin d’éviter les écueils d’une lecture psychanalytique rétrospective, nous avons étudié ces textes dont l’intimité et la bizarrerie dérangent en adoptant une démarche stylistique, qui nous a permis de mettre au jour un tournant insoupçonné dans la pensée du philosophe. Dès le milieu des années 1950, avant qu’il ne devienne le chantre du matérialisme et du lacanisme, et jusqu’à la fin de sa vie, Althusser a secrètement entretenu une croyance en un prophétisme inconscient, dont il a vraisemblablement puisé la source dans l’Introduction à l’analyse des rêves d’un psychanalyste éclectique et méconnu, Charles Baudouin.
Je rêvais aussi en quelque sorte comme la forêt
Authors: Kohn Eduardo , Roelli Michaël
Published: May 2024

Dans cet entretien inédit, l’anthropologue Eduardo Kohn, auteur de Comment pensent les forêts, revient sur le rôle que le rêve a joué dans l’élaboration de ce qu’il a appelé « l’anthropologie au-delà de l’humain » et du projet qu’il mène actuellement sur le psychédélisme. Il y aborde notamment la place qu’ont tenue les rêves – les siens et ceux de ses hôtes – dans son enquête de terrain, dans son enseignement universitaire et dans ses réflexions éthiques et politiques.
La nécropolitique au Venezuela bolivarien : l’État comme machine de guerre
Authors: Ávila Keymer , López Magdalena
Published: May 2024

Cet article propose une analyse de la violence institutionnelle au Venezuela. Il mobilise le concept de machine de guerre afin de saisir l’État vénézuélien actuel, et plus particulièrement le dispositif nécropolitique constitué par les Forces d’action spéciales (FAES) de la Police nationale bolivarienne (PNB). Pour cela, nous mobilisons des outils conceptuels issus des études africaines, comme les notions de « criminalité étatique » (Bayart), « nécropolitique » et « gouvernement privé indirect » (Mbembe). Ces notions se révèlent heuristiques pour comprendre le nouveau type d’État qui a émergé au Venezuela. Au moyen d’une méthodologie normative et empirique, nous décrivons comment les pratiques nécropolitiques sont les manifestations d’une structure qui n’est ni centralisée ni spatialement délimitée, et dont les implications les plus néfastes affectent essentiellement la catégorie sociale des plus pauvres.
Extraction of Emotion From Spectrograms
Authors: Tala Cecile Simo
Published: May 2024

Speech is the main source of communication between humans and is an efficient way to exchange information around the world. Emotion recognition through speech is an active research field that plays a crucial role in applications. SER is used in several areas of life, more precisely in the security field for the detection of fraudulent conversations. A pre-processing step was done on audios in order to reduce the noise and to eliminate the silence in the set of audios. The authors applied two approaches of the deep learning namely the LSTM and CNN for this domain in order to decide of the approach which saw better with the problem. They transformed treated audios into spectrograms for the model of the CNN. Then they used the technique of the SVD on these images to extract the matrices of characteristics for the entries of the LSTM. The proposed models were trained on these data and then tested to predict emotions. They used two databases, RAVDESS and EMO-DB, for the evaluation of the approaches. The experimental results proved the effectiveness of the model.
Object Detection in Cybersecurity
Authors: Chindipha Stones Dalitso
Published: May 2024

With the increase in malware attacks, the need for automated malware detection in cybersecurity has become more important. Traditional methods of malware detection, such as signature-based detection and heuristic analysis, are becoming less effective in detecting advanced and evasive malware. It has the potential to drastically improve the detection of malware, as well as reduce the manual efforts required in scanning and flagging malicious activity. This chapter also examines the advantages and limitations and the challenges associated with deploying object detection in cybersecurity, such as its reliance on labeled data, false positive rates, and its potential for evasion. Finally, the review presents the potential of object detection in cybersecurity, as well as the future research directions needed to make the technique more reliable and useful for cybersecurity professionals. It provides a comparison of the results obtained by these techniques with traditional methods, emphasizing the potential of object detection in detecting advanced and evasive malware.
Minimizing the Waste Management Effort by Using Machine Learning Applications
Authors: Khang Alex , Singh Khushwant , Yadav Mohit , Yadav Ramesh Kumar
Published: May 2024

Waste management is a process of collecting, transporting, disposing, and monitoring waste materials generated by human activities. It is an essential part of maintaining public health, hygiene, and environmental sustainability. Waste management systems can be designed to handle different types of waste, such as household waste, industrial waste, hazardous waste, and medical waste. The increasing amount of waste has become a major issue for the development of sustainable communities. Machine learning can help solve this problem by allowing scientists to analyze and reduce waste. This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the various aspects of waste management using machine learning. The chapter covers the various aspects of waste disposal, generation, transportation, and collection. It also explores machine learning's potential in this area, such as data analysis and prediction. It additionally compiles case studies about how machine learning has been utilized in this field.
Biological Treatment of Wastewater
Authors: Gadirova Elmina , Hajimahmud Vugar Abdullayev , Abuzarova Vusala Alyar , Avramović Zoran Z.
Published: May 2024

Water pollution is the second most impactful type of global pollution. Water pollution covers the contamination of all water resources, from the smallest water sources to the oceans. One of the main sources of pollution at this point is wastewater, and wastewater contains a form of polluted water. Wastewater consists of various components and water and these components are basically called pollutants. Pollutants have negative effects on living things and nature in general. In this respect, wastewater treatment is important. There are various methods and tools for wastewater treatment. One of them is biological treatment of wastewater. The main principles of this method are reviewed in the chapter.
Long Short-Term Memory Networks for Automated Waste Treatment Augmented With IoT and Bioelectric Sensors
Authors: Pokkuluri Kiran Sree , N. S. S. S. N. Usha Devi , Khang Alex
Published: May 2024

In order to improve automated waste treatment system, this work investigates the combination of bioelectric sensors, internet of things (IoT), and long short-term memory (LSTM) networks. Using LSTM networks, the system gathers data from several sensors, including temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and microbial activity, and uses it to analyses data in real time. This makes it possible to identify anomalies, gain predictive insights, and optimize treatment parameters like chemical dosing and aeration rates. IoT and bioelectric sensor integration offers deeper insights into nutrient cycles and microbial dynamics, enabling more informed waste management decision-making. Compared to traditional procedures, this strategy seeks to minimize environmental effect, lower operating costs, and increase treatment efficiency. LSTM-based systems present promise advances in automating waste treatment processes for increased efficiency and sustainability through continuous learning and adaptation.
A Rumors Detection Method Using T5-Based Prompt Learning
Authors: Ding Tianyan
Published: May 2024

Accurately identifying rumor information is crucial for efficient information assessment. Pretrained Language Models (PLMs) are trained on large text data, understanding and generating human-like language patterns, and fine-tuning for specific NLP tasks. However, adjusting PLMs typically requires modifications for specific tasks, creating a gap between pretraining and task execution. Prompt learning reduces this gap. We introduce “Prompt Learning for Rumor Detection” (PLRD) based on T5, which utilizes T5-generated prompt templates to transform the detection task into a prompt-driven learning framework. Through precise prompt guidance, PLRD leverages model knowledge, enhancing rumor detection capabilities, especially in data-scarce scenarios. Experimental validation on Weibo and Twitter datasets confirms PLRD's superiority over existing methods, particularly in scenarios with limited data. Comparative analysis against state-of-the-art methods highlights PLRD's competitiveness and advancement in rumor detection.
An Experimental Evaluation of an Electronic Rotor Phase Synchronization System for Multirotor Aircraft Noise Control
Authors:   The Pennsylvania State University, Valente Vitor , Greenwood Eric , Johnson Eric
Published: May 2024

Multirotor electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing (eVTOL) vehicles and many small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) utilize distributed electric propulsion. One concept for reducing the noise of these vehicles involves synchronizing the phase relationships between multiple rotors on the aircraft to control the radiated noise in one or more directions. This paper describes the development of a practical electronic phase synchronization method that can be implemented on multirotor aircraft, experimentally evaluates its effectiveness in controlling the noise of a small hexacopter mounted in an anechoic chamber, and investigates how the configuration of the vehicle influences the ability to control noise. Harmonic noise reductions on the order of 10 dB are demonstrated over a 20° azimuthal arc, with limited increases in noise in other directions. Noise amplification by 6 dB is also demonstrated over the same region. Moreover, global noise reductions on the order of 6 dB across nearly all observer angles are achieved using a different combination of rotor phase offsets. The effect of phase controller error on noise control performance is investigated statistically, indicating that phase errors must be limited to about 5° in order to achieve 10 dB of noise reduction. Simulations of the noise control scheme are conducted for vehicles with a range of rotor configurations, achieving similar levels of attenuation or amplification across all configurations, but with greater numbers of rotors providing more directional control over the radiated noise.
Experimental Investigation of Coaxial Co-Rotating and Counter-Rotating Rotor Acoustics in Hover
Authors:   The University of Texas at Austin, Sedlacek Vasha , Yadav Kunal , Asper Matthew , Sirohi Jayant
Published: May 2024

An experimental investigation was conducted on a 1.108 m radius coaxial co-rotating (or stacked) rotor and a coaxial counter-rotating (CCR) rotor of identical geometry to compare the acoustics and loads of both rotor configurations in hover. The rotors were operated at a tip Mach number of 0.40, tip Reynolds number of 765,000 and an axial spacing of 1.55 chord lengths, and the index angle between the upper and lower blades of the stacked rotor was varied. The overall sound pressure level (OASPL) was significantly larger for the CCR rotor. For example, total rotor noise at -45° angle of elevation was 6 dB greater for the CCR rotor than the stacked rotor at 8° collective. These increases in OASPL were driven by large increases in tonal noise for the CCR rotor, of up to 10 dB higher than the stacked rotor at some angles of elevation. This was attributed to additional tonal noise occurring at harmonics of 2Nb/rev, due to vibratory loads from 2Nb/rev blade crossings. The results of the experimental study suggest that, in terms of reduced noise and increased hover efficiency, the stacked rotor is preferable to the CCR rotor for eVTOL vehicle configurations that implement compact or closely spaced designs.
Intention and hesitancy to receive a booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine among pregnant women using a health belief model: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Al-Taie Anmar , Yilmaz Zekiye , Çakiroğlu Ahmet Yiğit , Candan Gulnihal , Bildirici Selin
Published: May 2024

Objective:

To examine the pattern of COVID-19 infection and vaccination, and to explore pregnant women's willingness and reluctance to accept a booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study with a convenient sample size using a structured questionnaire among pregnant women attending the gynecology and obstetrics department at Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye. The Health Belief Model scale was used to assess the intention and reluctance to accept a booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine.

Results:

A total of 145 participants, with a mean age of (33.5±4.8) years, and a gestational age of (30.9±7.3) weeks, were enrolled in this study. 88.8% Received full doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccination. 47.8% Participants suffered from vaccine adverse effects. Health Belief Model demonstrated a significant finding of perceived susceptibility (P<0.001), perceived severity of COVID-19 complications (P<0.001), and perceived benefits regarding a booster COVID-19 vaccination (P<0.001).

Conclusions:

Most pregnant women who received the COVID-19 immunization express a significant intention to receive a booster dose, regardless of the adverse effects experienced from the previous doses. However, a small percentage of the study sample express hesitancy about receiving the booster dose.
Diagnostic value of ABCD2 and ABCD3-I risk scoring systems in determining one-month risk of stroke in patients with transient ischemic attack: An observational study
Authors: Aslan Tuncay , Eroğlu Serkan Emre , İslam Mehmet Muzaffer , Özdemir Serdar , Aksel Gökhan , Algın Abdullah
Published: May 2024

Objective:

To compare the diagnostic value of the ABCD2 and ABCD3-I scoring systems in predicting the development of a 30-day neurological event in adult patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) presenting to the emergency department.

Methods:

The study was observational and prospective and was conducted in a single center. The diagnostic values of the ABCD2 and ABCD3-I scores in predicting a neurological event within one month were compared in patients diagnosed with TIA in the emergency department.

Results:

A statistically significant difference was observed between groups with or without stroke within one month in terms of both the ABCD2 and ABCD3-I scores (P=0.044 and P=0.029, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference between the patients with and without a recurrent TIA within one month in relation to the ABCD2 score (P=0.934), but a statistically significant difference was found in the ABCD3-I scores of these groups (P<0.001).

Conclusions:

Both the ABCD2 and ABCD3-I scoring systems could predict ischemic stroke within 30 days of TIA, the ABCD3-I score is more effective than the ABCD2 score in the prediction of TIA recurrence.
Delayed Complication Due to Retained Contrast Following Augmented Pressure Distal Loop Colostogram in Anorectal Malformation
Authors: Jangid Mahendra Kumar , Sharma Jitendra , Chanchlani Roshan , Malik Rajesh , Ahmad Reyaz
Published: May 2024

Augmented-pressure distal loop colostogram (APDC) is the most important diagnostic investigation to delineate the detailed anatomy to plan the reparative management of anorectal malformations. APDC is generally considered safe, with a very low complication rate. Herein, we present an unreported complication of APDC, manifesting as acute abdomen, due to retained contrast in distal loop. The patient was managed with evacuation of retained contrast from distal loop. We recommend evacuating the contrast from the distal loop following APDC.
Bipolar Circumcision
Authors: El-Mefleh Naser , Kaddah Mahmoud , Ba'Ath Muhammad Eyad
Published: May 2024

Background:

Circumcision using bipolar diathermy is well established and used widely. It seems to be superior in terms of post operative complications. The cosmetic outcome of the procedure has never been quantitatively described though.

Aims:

To describe a modification to performing circumcision with bipolar that involves applying four clamps to the foreskin as it is being amputated with the bipolar so that a consistent length of the mucosal cuff can be obtained with a single almost bloodless cut.

Methods:

Prospective case series of all patients circumcised using the 4 clamps traction and bipolar cut technique. The cosmetic outcome was assessed in terms of the length of the mucosal cuff in absolute numbers and in proportion to the penile and glanular length.

Results:

Seventy four patients were recruited with a median age of 3.5 months. No complications were encountered. The average length of the penis was 40 ± 13 mm and the glans 12 ± 3.6 mm. The average length of the mucosal cuff was 8.4 ± 2.9 mm, and the proportion to total penile length was 21.1% ± 4.7% and to glans length 72% ± 24.1%.

Conclusion:

The four clamp traction method with bipolar circumcision is safe and has a satisfactory cosmetic outcome.
Successful Thoracoscopic Excision of Complex Supracardiac Middle Mediastinal Bronchogenic Cyst in an Infant
Authors: Raut Amit , Parakh Sushil , Parakh Akanksha , Mukhi Neha
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

We report the first case of complex supracardiac middle mediastinal foregut duplication lesion compressing and adherent to the heart, managed successfully thoracoscopically in an infant, in an innovative way.

Materials and Surgical Technique:

A 1-year-old girl was diagnosed as having supracardiac middle mediastinal foregut duplication lesion. It was completely overlying and adherent to her heart giving transmitted pulsations to the lesion, causing indentation over the left atrium and surrounded by all vital structures such as aorta, pulmonary artery, bronchi and phrenic nerve. After proper counselling of parents and relatives, the patient was posted for surgery. After proper positioning, thoracoscopic access was gained, difficulty here was neither bulge nor surface marking of the lesion was seen in thoracic cavity anywhere, considering the anatomical relations. The mediastinal pleura was opened, through a very narrow window for accessing the lesion, which was surrounded by vital structures in the middle mediastinum. A gentle dissection of the lesion was done to relieve it from adjacent adhered thoracic vitals structures successfully. Histopathological examination confirmed it as a bronchogenic cyst.

Discussion:

Foregut duplication cyst, especially bronchogenic cysts, have been reported at various locations, however, supracardiac middle mediastinal bronchogenic cyst completely sitting on the heart, adherent to it causing compression of the left atrium and left bronchus and surrounded completely by the aorta, pulmonary artery and bronchus, has not been reported till date. Also, successful thoracoscopic excision of such rarely located lesion moving with heart, in a 1-year-old girl, has not been reported yet.
The Cleft Q as an Outcome Measure after Palatoplasty
Authors: Michael Afieharo I. , Olusanya Adenike Adeola
Published: May 2024

The Cleft Q, a patient-reported outcome measure, has been adopted by the International Consortium for Health Outcome measurement as a valid tool for the measurement of outcomes following intervention on a patient with a cleft. It is scarcely used in sub-Saharan Africa. We report our first experience with the Cleft Q in measuring the outcomes following palatoplasty in an African adult female with a Veau type II defect. The Cleft Q was able to demonstrate improved scores across all domains measured. There is however a need for further validation of the Cleft Q in our setting.
A Wave-Like Anastomosis, a New Technique of Anastomosis to Prevent Stricture after Oesophageal Atresia Repair
Authors: Saiad Mohamed Oulad
Published: May 2024

Background:

Anastomotic stricture still a frequent postoperative complication. Its development is multifactorial, nonetheless by improving some factors we can prevent the stricture. Anastomotic technique is among the factors that can be improved to prevent this complication.

Aims and Objectives:

Our aim is to report a new technique of anastomosis with a multiple plain suture, wave-like anastomosis and large low traction zone to prevent stricture after esophageal atresia repair. Furthermore this is a self-patient's anatomy dependant technique.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective study reported forty nine esophageal atresia survivals without significant difference in weight and gap length. They were divided in two groups A and B with respectively eighteen and thirty one patients. The wave-like anastomosis technique is used in group A but in the group B an end to end anastomosis was used.

Results:

After a mean follow-up of 3 years no patient of the group A presented with anastomotic stricture and eight patients in the group B presented with stricture (p=0,046) so there was a significant difference between the two groups.

Conclusion:

This is a technique providing a multiple plain anastomosis, increasing the lumen in the anastomotic site and helping to prevent anastomotic stricture.
Paediatric Neck Masses in Zaria
Authors: Shuaibu Iliyasu Yunusa , Sholadoye Tunde Talib , Ajiya Abdulrazak , Usman Mohammed Aminu , Aliyu Halima Oziohu
Published: May 2024

Background:

A neck mass is any abnormal lesion in the neck that can be seen, palpated, or identified on imaging. It is one of the most common reasons for presentation to the surgical clinics.

Aim:

the aim is to analyse the clinical presentation and treatment outcome in children who were diagnosed and managed for neck masses in a tertiary centre in Northwestern Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:

The records of patients managed for neck masses over 7 years between January 2013 and December 2019 were reviewed. Demographic and clinical data were retrieved and analysed using Statistical Product and Service Solution version 23.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA).

Results:

A total of 99 cases were reviewed and there were 52 (52.5%) males and 47 (47.5%) females with male-to-female ratio of 1.1:1, and mean age ± standard deviation of 4.4 ± 3.9 years, the primary complaints of all the patients were neck swellings. The anterior triangle was the most common region involved in 86 (86.9%) patients. The majority of the neck masses were congenital, accounting for 71 (71.8%) patients. Ultrasound scanning was the most commonly requested radiological investigation done in 87 (87.8%) patients. Thyroglossal duct cyst was the most common paediatric neck mass seen in 41 (41.4%) patients. The majority of the patients 68 (68.7%) had an excisional biopsy of the lesion. Surgical site infection was the most common complication noted in 7.1% of the study population.

Conclusion:

Most of the neck masses were congenital and were managed surgically. Prompt diagnosis with appropriate treatment may result in a good outcome.
Are Online Discussion forums Useful Platforms for Paediatric Surgeons to Seek Advice Regarding Patient Management? A review of the Queries Posted on the World Federation of Association of Pediatric Surgeons Facebook group (The Pediatric Surgeon's Lounge)
Authors: Anand Sachit , Sharma Shilpa , Shehata Sameh
Published: May 2024

Background:

Social media platforms are popular places for discussing difficult cases amongst the surgeons. Paediatric Surgeon's Lounge (PSL) is a closed Facebook group for the interaction of paediatric surgeons from different parts of the world. We aim to assess the safety and utility of the responses given by the members of the PSL group to the queries about the management of paediatric surgical cases.

Methods:

All posts on PSL between January and July 2021 were retrospectively screened to select the patient management-related queries. For each included query, all the responses were scrutinised for their utility and safety. The utility was categorised as helpful or not helpful, and the safety of these responses was categorised as safe or unsafe. A note was also made whether any unsafe response was rectified in the subsequent responses or not. The proportion of each response category was calculated.

Results:

Twenty-two queries with a total of 353 responses were assessed. The median (range) number of responses per query was 10 (2–45). The proportion of helpful, safe and rectified unsafe responses was 91.5% (307/353), 96.8% (342/353) and 36% (4/11), respectively.

Conclusions:

PSL is a safe and helpful platform for taking advice regarding the management of paediatric surgical cases.
Byar's Flaps in the Management of Congenital Megaprepuce
Authors: Alsamahy Omar , Gad Dalia , Othman Doaa , Fahiem-ul-Hassan Mir
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Early management of congenital megaprepuce (CMP) is necessary to address recurrent urinary tract infections and parental concerns. Different procedures, mostly using the inner preputial skin to cover the phallus, have been described. However, cosmetic appearance with the inner preputial covering of the penis is suboptimal. Owing to this, we conducted this study using outer preputial skin in the form of Byar's flaps to cover the penile shaft and analysed the results.

Patients and Methods:

This prospective study included 19 patients with CMP operated by a single surgeon using the Byar's flap technique. Following surgery patients were assessed on the 4th post-operative day, at 3 months and 1-year post-operative for cosmetic and functional outcomes. Parental satisfaction about cosmetic results was evaluated using a subjective score. Data were collected and analysed.

Results:

Nineteen patients with CMP were studied with a mean age of 6.3 months. Nineteen patients (100%) patients presented with buried penis and preputial ballooning, malodorous infected urine in 15 (78.9%) patients, thin stream of urine in 17 (89.4%) and dysuria in 12 (63%) patients. One of the patients had associated glanular hypospadias and the other two had isolated chordee. There were no significant complications except for one patient who developed meatal stenosis which was later managed by a meatoplasty. All patients had satisfactory cosmetic appearance.

Conclusion:

CMP is an uncommon but easily identifiable condition. Early surgical correction is recommended to prevent complications. Byar's flap technique yields very good functional and cosmetic results in the management of CMP.