bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metal binding functions of metallothioneins in the slugArion vulgarisdiffer from metal-specific isoforms of terrestrial snails
Authors: Dvorak Martin , Lackner Reinhard , Niederwanger Michael , Rotondo Claire , Schnegg Raimund , Ladurner Peter , Pedrini-Martha Veronika , Salvenmoser Willi , Kremser Leopold , Lindner Herbert , García-Risco Mario , Calatayud Sara , Albalat Ricard , Palacios Òscar , Capdevila Mercè , Dallinger Reinhard
Published: October 2018

Arion vulgarisis a European slug with a huge potential for accumulating and detoxifying heavy metals.
Thermal behavior of Pd@SiO2 nanostructures in various gas environments: a combined 3D and in situ TEM approach
Authors: Baaziz Walid , Bahri Mounib , Gay Anne Sophie , Chaumonnot Alexandra , Uzio Denis , Valette Sébastien , Hirlimann Charles , Ersen Ovidiu
Published: October 2018

The thermal stability of core–shell Pd@SiO2 was for the first time monitored by using in situ Environmental TEM at atmospheric pressure coupled with Electron Tomography on the same particles.
Synthesis and anticholinesterase activity of 2-substituted-N-alkynylindoles
Authors: Prochnow Thaís , Maroneze Adriano , Back Davi F. , Jardim Natalia S. , Nogueira Cristina W. , Zeni Gilson
Published: October 2018

We present here the synthesis and anticholinesterase activity of 2-substituted-N-alkynylindoles.
Oxygen vacancies of the TiO2nano-based composite photocatalysts in visible light responsive photocatalysis
Authors: Adormaa Buanya Beryl , Darkwah Williams Kweku , Ao Yanhui
Published: October 2018

The TiO2nano-based composite photocatalyst is best known for application in solving the recent issues related to energy and environmental purification.
Phosphorescent iridium-containing nanomicelles: synthesis, characterization and preliminary applications in nanomedical imaging
Authors: Monaco I. , Maturi M. , Matteucci E. , Locatelli E. , Baschieri A. , Zani P. , Armanetti P. , Menichetti L. , Sambri L. , Comes Franchini M.
Published: October 2018

We propose a biocompatible nanoparticle made from an intrinsically phosphorescent copolymer, synthesized directly with an imaging tag present on its backbone.
Performance of palm fibers as stationary phase for capillary gas chromatographic separations
Authors: Sun Tao , Chen Hong , Qiao Xiaoguang , Ma Lufang , Hu Shaoqiang , Liu Xianming
Published: October 2018

Herein we report the first example of exploring bio-based materials, palm fibers (PFs), as a stationary phase for capillary gas chromatographic separations.
Cation dynamics by 1H and 13C MAS NMR in hybrid organic–inorganic (CH3CH2NH3)2CuCl4
Authors: Lim Ae Ran , Joo Yong Lak
Published: October 2018

To understand the dynamics of the cation in layered perovskite-type (CH3CH2NH3)2CuCl4, the temperature-dependent chemical shifts and spin–lattice relaxation times T1ρ have been measured using 1H MAS NMR and 13C CP/MAS NMR techniques.
Co-immobilised 7α- and 7β-HSDH as recyclable biocatalyst: high-performance production of TUDCA from waste chicken bile
Authors: Ji Qingzhi , Wang Bochu , Li Chou , Hao Jinglan , Feng Wenjing
Published: October 2018

TUDCA was prepared using chicken bile as substrate with the catalysis of co-immobilised 7α- and 7β-HSDH.
Microfluidic chips for plasma flow chemistry: application to controlled oxidative processes
Authors: Wengler Julien , Ognier Stéphanie , Zhang Mengxue , Levernier Etienne , Guyon Cedric , Ollivier Cyril , Fensterbank Louis , Tatoulian Michael
Published: October 2018

A novel biphasic gas/liquid plasma microreactor performed controlled oxidation of cyclohexane into “KA oil” with more than 70% selectivity and more than 10% conversion.
A phenomenographic study of 10th grade students’ understanding of electrolytes
Authors: Lu Shanshan , Bi Hualin , Liu Xiufeng
Published: October 2018

Students have various conceptions of electrolytes in learning chemistry. The aim of this study is to identify 10th grade students’ understanding of the electrolyte concept by using a phenomenographic method. Eight students, whose abilities were at different levels, were selected and interviewed. The findings show that four distinctive categories of students’ conceptions of electrolytes are demonstrated, and a hierarchy in terms of the logical progression among them can be developed. Finally, teaching implications are given.
Multiple heteroatom-doped few-layer carbons for the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Huang Baobing , Liu Yuchuan , Huang Xing , Xie Zailai
Published: October 2018

We demonstrate a template-free and scalable approach towards synthesis of a new family of multiple heteroatom-doped (N/O, N/S/O, N/P/O, and N/S/P/O) few-layer carbons as metal-free catalysts for the high performance oxygen reduction reaction under pH-universal conditions.
Synthesis of hydroxylated group IV metal oxides inside hollow graphitised carbon nanofibers: nano-sponges and nanoreactors for enhanced decontamination of organophosphates
Authors: Astle Maxwell A. , Rance Graham A. , Fay Michael W. , Notman Stuart , Sambrook Mark R. , Khlobystov Andrei N.
Published: October 2018

The enhanced catalytic properties of hydroxylated group IV metal oxide nanostructures confined within hollow graphitised carbon nanofibers has been demonstrated.
Selective tracking of ovarian-cancer-specific γ-glutamyltranspeptidase using a ratiometric two-photon fluorescent probe
Authors: Shi Ben , Zhang Zhenyu , Jin Qingqing , Wang Zhiqiang , Tang Jie , Xu Ge , Zhu Tianli , Gong Xueqing , Tang Xinjing , Zhao Chunchang
Published: October 2018

Real-time tracking of GGT enzymatic activity in human ovarian cancer cells is a reliable method for accurate prediction of cancer diagnosis and management.
Polydopamine nanostructures as biomaterials for medical applications
Authors: Kwon Ik Soo , Bettinger Christopher J.
Published: October 2018

Recent advances in polydopamine synthesis are described with a particular focus on biomedical applications. Prospects and future challenges for the application of polydopamine as a biomaterial are also described.
Microwave-assisted synthesis of group 5 transition metal dichalcogenide thin films
Authors: Kwak Junghyeok , Jung Sunshin , Lee Noho , Thiyagarajan Kaliannan , Kim Jong Kyu , Giri Anupam , Jeong Unyong
Published: October 2018

One-step solution phase growth of group 5 TMDC thin films directly on a substrate, investigation of the growth kinetics and structural analysis of the thin films.
Effect of miR-495 on lower extremity deep vein thrombosis through the TLR4 signaling pathway by regulation of IL1R1
Authors: Tang Ke-Cheng , Yang Zhi-Peng , Zeng Qiu , Wang Jing , Guo Feng , Zhao Yu
Published: October 2018

Lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (LEDVT), a common peripheral vascular disease caused by a blood clot in a deep vein is usually accompanied by swelling of the lower limbs. MicroRNAs (miRs) have been reported to play roles in LEDVT. We aimed to investigate the effect of miR-495 on LEDVT via toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway through interleukin 1 receptor type 1 (IL1R1). LEDVT mouse model was established, and the femoral vein (FV) tissues were collected to detect expressions of miR-495, IL1R1, and TLR4 signaling-related genes. The expressions of both CD31 and CD34 (markers for endothelial progenitor cells) in the FV endothelial cells as well as the proportion of CD31+/CD34+ cells in peripheral blood were measured in order to evaluate thrombosis. The effect of miR-495 on cell viability, cell cycle, and apoptosis was analyzed. IL1R1 was confirmed as the target gene of miR-495. Besides, inhibiting the miR-495 expression could increase IL1R1 expression along with activating the TLR4 signaling pathway. The total number of the leukocytes along with the ratio of weight to length of thrombus in the FV tissue showed an increase. The overexpression of miR-495 could promote FV endothelial cell viability. By injecting agomiR-495 and antagomiR-495 in vivo, the number of leukocytes in the FV tissues and the ratio of weight to length of thrombus were significantly decreased in the mice injected with the overexpressed miR-495, and the IL1R1/TLR4 signaling pathway was inhibited. Collectively, overexpressed miR-495 directly promotes proliferation while simultaneously inhibiting apoptosis of FV endothelial cells, alleviating FV thrombosis by inhibiting IL1R1 via suppression of TLR4 signaling pathway.
A negative feedback loop between long noncoding RNA NBAT1 and Sox9 inhibits the malignant progression of gastric cancer cells
Authors: Yan Jijun , Huang Wenwei , Huang Xiufang , Xiang Wencai , Ye Chao , Liu Juntao
Published: October 2018

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in carcinogenesis and progression, and act as important gene expression modulators. Recent evidence indicates that lncRNA neuroblastoma associated transcript 1 (NBAT1) functions as a tumor suppressor in some types of human cancers. However, its functional role in the development of gastric cancer (GC) remains unknown. The aim of this research was to investigate the clinical significance and biological functions of NBAT1 in GC. NBAT1 was found to be significantly down-regulated in GC tissue. Decreased NBAT1 expression was correlated with poor differentiation, higher tumor stage and lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis. Functional assays showed that NBAT1 inhibited GC proliferation, migration, and invasion. NBAT1 also suppressed proliferation, migration, and capillary tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Mechanistically, NBAT1 interacted with Sox9, and reduced its protein stability by promoting it from polyubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation. Moreover, we revealed that Sox9 could occupy the NBAT1 promoter to inactivate its transcription. The negative feedback loop of NBAT1 and Sox9 continuously enhanced the suppressive effects. In conclusion, these findings suggest that feedback regulation of NBAT1 and Sox9 served as a critical effector in GC progression.
Post-translational modification of nucleoid-associated proteins: an extra layer of functional modulation in bacteria?
Authors: Dilweg Ivar W. , Dame Remus T.
Published: October 2018

Post-translational modification (PTM) of histones has been investigated in eukaryotes for years, revealing its widespread occurrence and functional importance. Many PTMs affect chromatin folding and gene activity. Only recently the occurrence of such modifications has been recognized in bacteria. However, it is unclear whether PTM of the bacterial counterparts of eukaryotic histones, nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs), bears a comparable significance. Here, we scrutinize proteome mass spectrometry data for PTMs of the four most abundantly present NAPs in Escherichia coli (H-NS, HU, IHF and FIS). This approach allowed us to identify a total of 101 unique PTMs in the 11 independent proteomic studies covered in this review. Combined with structural and genetic information on these proteins, we describe potential effects of these modifications (perturbed DNA-binding, structural integrity or interaction with other proteins) on their function.
Early isolated V-lesion may not truly represent rejection of the kidney allograft
Authors: Wohlfahrtova Mariana , Hruba Petra , Klema Jiri , Novotny Marek , Krejcik Zdenek , Stranecky Viktor , Honsova Eva , Vichova Petra , Viklicky Ondrej
Published: October 2018

Intimal arteritis is known to be a negative prognostic factor for kidney allograft survival. Isolated v-lesion (IV) is defined as intimal arteritis with minimal tubulointerstitial inflammation (TI). Although the Banff classification assesses IV as T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR), clinical, and prognostic significance of early IV (early IV, eIV) with negative C4d and donor-specific antibodies (DSA) remains unclear. To help resolve if such eIV truly represents acute rejection, a molecular study was performed. The transcriptome of eIV (n=6), T cell-mediated vascular rejection with rich TI (T cell-mediated vascular rejection, TCMRV, n=4) and non-rejection histologic findings (n=8) was compared using microarrays. A total of 310 genes were identified to be deregulated in TCMRV compared with eIV. Gene enrichment analysis categorized deregulated genes to be associated primarily with T-cells associated biological processes involved in an innate and adaptive immune and inflammatory response. Comparison of deregulated gene lists between the study groups and controls showed only a 1.7% gene overlap. Unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis revealed clear distinction of eIV from TCMRV and showed similarity with a control group. Up-regulation of immune response genes in TCMRV was validated using RT-qPCR in a different set of eIV (n=12) and TCMRV (n=8) samples. The transcriptome of early IV (< 1 month) with negative C4d and DSA is associated with a weak immune signature compared with TCMRV and shows similarity with normal findings. Such eIV may feature non-rejection origin and reflect an injury distinct from an alloimmune response. The present study supports use of molecular methods when interpreting kidney allograft biopsy findings.
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids reduce preterm labor by inhibiting trophoblast cathepsin S and inflammasome activation
Authors: Chen Cheng-Yi , Chen Chia-Yu , Liu Chang-Ching , Chen Chie-Pein
Published: October 2018

Preterm labor is associated with inflammation and infection. The mechanisms underlying the role of omega-3 fatty acid in inflammasome activation and prevention of preterm labor remain unknown. We hypothesized that omega-3 fatty acid can reduce the rate of preterm birth induced by infection and trophoblast inflammation. In the present study, we found that inflammasome-related molecules and IL-1β in trophoblasts were activated by TNF-α derived from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated THP-1 cell-conditioned medium (CM) and recombinant TNF-α protein. The results demonstrated that stimulation with TNF-α caused lysosomal rupture in trophoblasts, which accelerated cathepsin S (CTSS) diffusion from lysosomes to the cytosol and activated NLRP1 (nacht domain-leucine-rich repeat, and pyd-containing protein 1) and absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasomes, thereby increasing IL-1β secretion. Moreover, in response to LPS challenge, TNF-α increased trophoblast cell death and decreased cell viability through inflammasome and CTSS activation. Stearidonic acid (SDA; 18:4n−3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n−3) inhibited inflammasome-related molecule synthesis and CTSS and caspase-1 activation, which further reduced the preterm delivery rate of pregnant mice induced by LPS (92.9 compared with 69.7% (DHA); 92.9 compared with 53.5% (SDA)). Higher expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, prostaglandin E2, and CTSS, but lower resolvin D1 expression, was observed in preterm pregnant mice than in controls. Similarly, resolvin D1 was highly expressed in women with term delivery compared with women with preterm delivery. Thus, SDA and DHA may attenuate macrophage-derived TNF-α inducing CTSS and inflammasome activation, IL-1β secretion, and placental trophoblast cell death. These functions are implicated in the preventive effects of SDA and DHA on preterm labor.
Trafficking of ciliary membrane proteins by the intraflagellar transport/BBSome machinery
Authors: Wingfield Jenna L. , Lechtreck Karl-Ferdinand , Lorentzen Esben
Published: October 2018

Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare inherited disease caused by defects in the BBSome, an octameric complex of BBS proteins. The BBSome is conserved in most organisms with cilia, which are microtubule (MT)-based cell organelles that protrude from the cell surface and function in motility and sensing. Cilia assembly, maintenance, and function require intraflagellar transport (IFT), a bidirectional motility of multi-megadalton IFT trains propelled by molecular motors along the ciliary MTs. IFT has been shown to transport structural proteins, including tubulin, into growing cilia. The BBSome is an adapter for the transport of ciliary membrane proteins and cycles through cilia via IFT. While both the loss and the abnormal accumulation of ciliary membrane proteins have been observed in bbs mutants, recent data converge on a model where the BBSome mainly functions as a cargo adapter for the removal of certain transmembrane and peripheral membrane proteins from cilia. Here, we review recent data on the ultrastructure of the BBSome and how the BBSome recognizes its cargoes and mediates their removal from cilia.
Fuzzy‐model‐based sampled‐data chaotic synchronisation under the input constraints consideration
Authors: Kim Han Sol , Park Jin Bae , Joo Young Hoon
Published: October 2018

In this study, the authors propose a novel sampled‐data fuzzy chaotic synchronisation scheme under the input constraints consideration. The sampled‐data chaos synchronisation controller feedbacks the synchronisation error between the state vectors of both the drive chaotic system and the response chaotic system at a constant sampling period. The chaotic synchronisation is achieved by stabilising the synchronisation error dynamics based on the H‐infinity criterion. Linear matrix inequality‐based sufficient conditions for synchronising two identical chaotic systems are derived based on the newly proposed time‐dependent fuzzy Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional. Unlike previous approaches, the modelling error term is fully addressed so as to enhance the synchronisation performance. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through a numerical example.
Hierarchical CNN‐based real‐time fatigue detection system by visual‐based technologies using MSP model
Authors: Gu Wang Huan , Zhu Yu , Chen Xu Dong , He Lin Fei , Zheng Bing Bing
Published: October 2018

Visual‐based technologies are very useful and meaningful to driver's fatigue detection. In this study, the authors present a multi‐task hierarchical CNN scheme for fatigue detection system and propose a convolutional neural network (CNN) model with multi‐scale pooling (MSP‐Net). ‘Multi‐task’ includes three tasks: face detection, eye and mouth state detection and fatigue detection. First, they use a pre‐trained network – multi‐task CNN for face detection extracting eye and mouth regions. Then, the main work of this study, eye and mouth state detection is processed by MSP‐Net, which can fit multi‐resolution input images captured from variant cameras excellently. For the third step, the percentage of eyelid closure over the pupil over time (PERCLOS) parameters and the frequency of open mouth (FOM) parameters are used to detect fatigue, and the FOM parameters are proposed by ourselves. Besides, they successfully port the system to the embedded platform (the NVIDIA JETSON TX2 development board) and test on real driving scene. The results show that their system performs well and is robust to complex environments and is in line with the demand of real‐time system.
Flexible network planning of autonomy microgrid
Authors: Liu Zifa , Wang Xuyang , Zhuo Ranqun , Cai Xiaoyu
Published: October 2018

In a microgrid, a rational network is necessary to improve the economy, reliability, adaptability, security, and coordination of the supply with the load demand. A flexible network optimal planning model of autonomy microgrid is proposed. Several uncertainties including the output power of distributed generation and load power are considered and each uncertainty factor is divided into several typical scenarios. The probability of each scenario is calculated by asymptotically optimal scenario analysis. The annual investment cost, the fault outage cost expectation, the annual cost regret value expectation and penalty function, the violating electrical constraints degree, and the source‐network‐load equilibrium degree are applied to represent the flexibility of the planning model. Allocation of energy storage system capacity is considered in the network planning model, which can reduce the negative effects on the microgrid in extreme scenarios. An energy management strategy is constructed to coordinate the distribution of source and load. The tree structure encoding is employed to ensure the connectivity of the network. Dynamic Pareto set‐based particle swarm optimisation is adopted for the solution of the network planning model. Finally, the calculation results of planning schemes are demonstrated by radar chart, and the optimal one is selected by its comprehensive evaluation value.
Universal ion exchange method for flowerlike metal telluride (PbTe, CdTe, Sb2Te3, Bi2Te3, and Cu7Te4) microstructures by using β‐ZnTe(en)0.5 as templates
Authors: Xu Weiwei , Tian Guimin , Ma Xiaohua , Li Hui , Niu Jinzhong
Published: October 2018

A universal ion exchange template‐assisted route is successfully developed for preparing various three‐dimensional (3D) metal telluride flowerlike microstructures, including PbTe, CdTe, Bi2Te3, Sb2Te3, and Cu7Te4. The proposed synthesis method is simple and reproducible. Firstly, organic–inorganic hybrid β‐ZnTe(en)0.5 flowerlike microcrystals are prepared as the template, and then a corresponding metal salt (Pb, Cd, Bi, Sb, and Cu) is introduced to synthesise the corresponding metal telluride flowerlike microstructures. During this process, ethylenediamine molecules and Zn ions in the β‐ZnTe(en)0.5 flowerlike microcrystals simultaneously exchange with metal ions (Pb, Cd, Bi, Sb, and Cu) after the addition of metal precursors, and finally form flowerlike metal telluride microcrystals. This method may be further extended for other 3D metal telluride microstructures.
Approach to suppress ambipolar conduction in Tunnel FET using dielectric pocket
Authors: Pandey Chandan K. , Dash Debashish , Chaudhury Saurabh
Published: October 2018

The impact of high‐k dielectric pocket (DP) on the ambipolar conduction of tunnel field‐effect transistors (TFETs) is demonstrated using two‐dimensional Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD) simulations. In the proposed structure of TFETs, an optimised portion of the upper drain region is replaced with a high‐k DP at the channel–drain interface. It is demonstrated that due to the enhancement of the depleted drain region under DP, the minimum tunnelling width at channel–drain interface increases, and attains a maximum value for an optimum length and thickness of DP. Eventually, this increment in the minimum tunnelling width leads to a significant reduction in ambipolar conduction in TFETs. Furthermore, it is shown that performance parameters including the ON‐state current, subthreshold swing and output characteristics are not affected by the presence of the proposed DP. Even, the gate‐to‐drain capacitance is reduced with the inclusion of DP at the channel–drain interface, thus leading to an improved cut‐off frequency of TFETs. Moreover, it is also demonstrated that only a 10 nm of gate‐on‐drain overlapping along with this DP is capable of eliminating the ambipolarity completely for even a higher gate voltage of −0.8 V.
Stagnation temperature effect on the supersonic flow around pointed airfoils with application for air
Authors: Takhnouni Rahima , Zebbiche Toufik , Allali Abderrazak
Published: October 2018

The aim of this work is to develop a new numerical calculation program to determine the effect of the stagnation temperature on the calculation of the supersonic flow around a pointed airfoils using the equations for oblique shock wave and the Prandtl Meyer expansion, under the model at high temperature, calorically imperfect and thermally perfect gas, lower than the dissociation threshold of the molecules. The specific heat at constant pressure does not remain constant and varies with the temperature. The new model allows making corrections to the perfect gas model designed for low stagnation temperature, low Mach number, low incidence angle and low airfoil thickness. The stagnation temperature is an important parameter in our model. The airfoil should be pointed at the leading edge to allow an attached shock solution to be seen. The airfoil is discretized into several panels on the extrados and the intrados, placed one adjacent to the other. The distribution of the flow on the panel in question gives a compression or an expansion according to the deviation of the flow with respect to the old adjacent panel. The program determines all the aerodynamic characteristics of the flow and in particular the aerodynamic coefficients. The calculation accuracy depends on the number of panels considered on the airfoil. The application is made for high values of stagnation temperature, Mach number and airfoil thickness. A comparison between our high temperature model and the perfect gas model is presented, in order to determine an application limit of the latter. The application is for air.
Simulation of incremental forming processes of a pyramidal ring made of two materials
Authors: Ghassabi Masood , Salimi Milad , Haghpanahi Mohammad
Published: October 2018

Incremental forming is one of the most well-known forming processes for complex and asymmetric parts. This method uses a CNC machine, simple forming tool, and a die. This study focused on effects of some parameters such as the material, feed rate, pitch, rotational speed and movement strategy of tool on the dimensional precision, forming force, thickness distribution and fracture in the welding area. The results showed that single point incremental forming (SPIF) led to a better thickness distribution with lower tool force, whereas two-point incremental forming led to better dimensional accuracy. Rotational speed does not have any significant impact on the forming process while decreasing the feed rate partially reduced the forming force. According to the results, although dimensional precision in double point incremental forming is better than SPIF, when it comes to the thickness distribution, forming force, and economic issues, SPIF is in favor. The results also showed that by connecting two materials, different parameters for the two materials could be investigated simultaneously in one simulation process.
Beschwerden über Psychotherapie und ihre Auswirkungen auf Patienten und Patientinnen
Authors: Scholten Saskia , Velten Julia , Kintscher Maja , Pataki Anita , Margraf Jürgen
Published: October 2018

Die unprofessionelle Ausübung einer Psychotherapie schädigt ihr generell gutes Ansehen. Eine öffentliche Auseinandersetzung mit Kunstfehlern oder unethischem Therapeutenverhalten findet deshalb kaum statt, obgleich ein transparenter Umgang mit dem Thema auch dessen Rarität verdeutlichen und eine professionelle Handhabung mit Fehlverhalten fördern könnte. In der vorliegenden Studie wurden mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse insgesamt 55 Beschwerdebriefe von Patientinnen an die Psychotherapeutenkammer Nordrhein-Westfalen aus den Jahren 2011 und 2012 analysiert. Alle Briefe wurden anonymisiert übergeben, nachdem die Bearbeitung der Beschwerde abgeschlossen war. Insgesamt wurden 149 Beschwerden über Kunstfehler und unethisches Verhalten sowie 124 Aussagen zu deren negativen Konsequenzen identifiziert. Die meisten Beschwerden über Kunstfehler betrafen die Kategorie „Verletzung therapeutischer Basisvariablen“ (40,3%), gefolgt von „Verletzung der Rahmenbedingungen“ (16,8%) und „finanzieller Missbrauch“ (12,1%). In Folge der Kunstfehler bzw. des unethischen Verhaltens berichteten 28,2% der Patientinnen eine „Veränderung ihrer Symptomatik“. Die Ergebnisse geben einen Einblick in die Bandbreite möglicher Beschwerden und deren Konsequenzen und unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit, Patientinnen und Therapeutinnen für das Thema zu sensibilisieren.
Erste Erfahrungen mit dem „Fragebogen zu Nebenwirkungen in der Gruppentherapie und unerwünschten Gruppenerfahrungen“ (NUGE 24)
Authors: Strauß Bernhard , Drobinskaya Anastasia
Published: October 2018

In diesem Beitrag wird die Entwicklung eines Fragebogens beschrieben, der unerwünschte Erfahrungen mit Gruppenpsychotherapie und Nebenwirkungen des Gruppensettings erfassen soll. Auf der Basis von Interviews mit Experten und orientiert an einem Modell, das gruppenbezogene und therapeutenbezogene Belastungen, Belastungen durch Mitpatienten und persönliche Überforderung differenziert, wurde eine erste Version des Bogens im klinischen Feld in sehr unterschiedlichen Gruppen erprobt (N=168 Patienten). Der so generierte Datensatz diente zur Entwicklung einer 24-Item Version des „NUGE“-Fragebogens (Nebenwirkungen in der Gruppentherapie und unerwünschten Gruppenerfahrungen), von denen je 6 Items die 4 Inhaltsbereiche gut wiedergeben. Ein erster Vergleich verschiedener Gruppen im Hinblick auf die Belastungen und Nebenwirkungen deutet an, dass der Bogen differenziert unerwünschte Effekte und Nebenwirkungen erfassen kann, was nun in systematischeren Studien erfolgen sollte.
Dissociation of GaN2+ and AlN2+ in APT: Electronic structure and stability in strong DC field
Authors: Zanuttini D. , Vurpillot F. , Douady J. , Jacquet E. , Anglade P.-M. , Gervais B.
Published: October 2018

We investigate from a theoretical point of view the stability of AlN2+ and GaN2+ dications produced under high static electric fields like those reached in Atom Probe Tomography (APT) experiments. By means of quantum chemical calculations of the electronic structure of these molecules, we show that their stability is governed by two independent processes. On the one hand, the spin-orbit coupling allows some molecular excited states to dissociate by inter-system crossing. On the other hand, the action of the electric field lowers the potential energy barrier, which ensures the dication stability in standard conditions. We present a detailed example of field emission dynamics in the specific case of the 11Δ states for a parabolic tip, which captures the essentials of the process by means of a simplified model. We show that the dissociation dynamics of AlN2+ and GaN2+ is completely different despite the strong resemblance of their electronic structure.
Dissociation of GaN2+ and AlN2+ in APT: Analysis of experimental measurements
Authors: Zanuttini D. , Blum I. , di Russo E. , Rigutti L. , Vurpillot F. , Douady J. , Jacquet E. , Anglade P.-M. , Gervais B.
Published: October 2018

The use of a tip-shaped sample for the atom probe tomography technique offers the unique opportunity to analyze the dynamics of molecular ions in strong DC fields. We investigate here the stability of AlN2+ and GaN2+ dications emitted from an Al0.25Ga0.75N sample in a joint theoretical and experimental study. Despite the strong chemical resemblance of these two molecules, we observe only stable AlN2+, while GaN2+ can only be observed as a transient species. We simulate the emission dynamics of these ions on field-perturbed potential energy surfaces obtained from quantum chemical calculations. We show that the dissociation is governed by two independent processes. For all bound states, a mechanical dissociation is induced by the distortion of the potential energy surface in the close vicinity of the emitting tip. In the specific case of GaN2+, the relatively small electric dipole of the dication in its ground 13Σ− and excited 11Δ states induces a weak coupling with the electric field so that the mechanical dissociation into Ga+ + N+ lasts for sufficient time to be observed. By contrast, the AlN2+ mechanical dissociation leads to Al2+ + N which cannot be observed as a correlated event. For some deeply bound singlet excited states, the spin-orbit coupling with lower energy triplet states gives another chance of dissociation by system inter-system crossing with specific patterns observed experimentally in a correlated time of flight map.
Development of wavelength calibration techniques for high-resolution x-ray imaging crystal spectrometers on the EAST tokamak
Authors: Lyu B. , Chen J. , Hu R. J. , Delgado-Aparicio L. F. , Wang F. D. , Bitter M. , Hill K. W. , Pablant N. , Lee S. G. , Ye M. Y. , Shi Y. J. , Wan B. N. ,   EAST Team
Published: October 2018

Newly developed large-area pixelated two-dimensional detector and two-crystal assemblies were deployed for the first time on tokamaks to enable time-resolved Bragg-diffracted x-ray imaging with good framing rate and water-cooling capabilities for in-vacuum long-pulse operations. High-quality helium-like (He-like) and hydrogen-like (H-like) argon spectra have been observed simultaneously for the first time on a single detector for a wide range of plasma parameters to infer both ion temperature and rotation profiles and support studies on spontaneous rotation, impurity transport, and RF physics. Since tokamak plasmas rotate in both the poloidal (θ) and toroidal (ϕ) directions, a reliable wavelength calibration is needed to account for the correct Doppler shift as well as to compute the spectrometer’s instrumental function. Lyα lines emitted from Cd x-ray tubes are proposed to be used as “markers” to provide an in situ calibration of the EAST’s X-ray imaging crystal spectrometer systems measuring He- and H-like argon spectra. The first lab test indicated that the X-ray tube can excite strong Lyα lines at 15 kV voltage and 1 mA current when the crystal is shined for 10 min. Other indirect calibration methods using locked-mode discharge scenarios were also studied as complementary methods.
Search and return model for stochastic path integrators
Authors: Noetel J. , Freitas V. L. S. , Macau E. E. N. , Schimansky-Geier L.
Published: October 2018

We extend a recently introduced prototypical stochastic model describing uniformly the search and return of objects looking for new food sources around a given home. The model describes the kinematic motion of the object with constant speed in two dimensions. The angular dynamics is driven by noise and describes a “pursuit” and “escape” behavior of the heading and the position vectors. Pursuit behavior ensures the return to the home and the escaping between the two vectors realizes exploration of space in the vicinity of the given home. Noise is originated by environmental influences and during decision making of the object. We take symmetric α-stable noise since such noise is observed in experiments. We now investigate for the simplest possible case, the consequences of limited knowledge of the position angle of the home. We find that both noise type and noise strength can significantly increase the probability of returning to the home. First, we review shortly main findings of the model presented in the former manuscript. These are the stationary distance distribution of the noise driven conservative dynamics and the observation of an optimal noise for finding new food sources. Afterwards, we generalize the model by adding a constant shift γ within the interaction rule between the two vectors. The latter might be created by a permanent uncertainty of the correct home position. Nonvanishing shifts transform the kinematics of the searcher to a dissipative dynamics. For the latter, we discuss the novel deterministic properties and calculate the stationary spatial distribution around the home.
Whistler envelope solitons. II. Interaction with non-relativistic electron beams in plasmas with density inhomogeneities
Authors: Krafft C. , Volokitin A. S.
Published: October 2018

This paper studies the self-consistent interactions between whistler envelope solitons and electron beams in inhomogeneous plasmas, using a Hamiltonian model of wave-particle interaction where nonlinear equations describing the dynamics of whistler and ion acoustic waves and including a beam current term are coupled with Newton equations. It allows describing the parallel propagation of narrowband whistlers interacting with arbitrary particle distributions in irregular plasmas. It is shown that the whistler envelope soliton does not exchange energy with all the resonant electrons as in the case of whistler turbulence but mostly with those moving in its close vicinity (locality condition), even if the downstream particle distribution is perturbed. During these interactions, the soliton can either damp and accelerate particles, or absorb beam energy and cause electron deceleration. If the energy exchanges are significant, the envelope is deformed; its upstream front can steepen, whereas oscillations can appear on its downstream side. Weak density inhomogeneities as the random fluctuations of the solar wind plasma have no strong impact on the interactions of the whistler soliton with the resonant particles.
Physical modeling of heat and moisture transfer in wet bio-sourced insulating materials
Authors: Aghahadi Mohammad , Padayodi Essolé , Abboudi Saïd , Bahrani S. Amir
Published: October 2018

Simultaneous heat and moisture transfers in bio-sourced insulating materials are significant phenomena in thermal metrology. The present study focuses on these phenomena by experimental and numerical approaches based on the asymmetric hot-plate method. In this paper, a bio-sourced insulating material based on flax fibers is developed. The thermal and hygric properties of the sample are then investigated in the humid atmosphere. The temperature is maintained at 30 °C, and the relative humidity varies between 30% and 90% RH. A physics-based model of simultaneous heat and moisture transfer is developed for thermal conductivity estimation. This model is discretized with finite difference methods and implanted in MATLAB®. With the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, the thermal conductivity of the sample in different hygrothermal conditions is estimated and confirmed by experimental results. The reduced sensitivity of the model to estimated parameters is studied. The results confirm and validate the theoretical and the experimental results.
The cavitating Taylor-Couette flow
Authors: Reinke Peter , Schmidt Marcus , Beckmann Tom
Published: October 2018

This work presents an investigation of a new phenomenon of the Taylor-Couette flow: the onset of Taylor vortices in a cavitating fluid. This particular form of the Taylor-Couette flow develops if the shear flow between a rotating inner and a fixed outer cylinder approaches the critical Taylor number and the vapor pressure of the fluid simultaneously. This process is achieved by increasing the rotational speed of the inner cylinder, which causes an increase of the radial pressure gradient inside the laminar flow. The fully developed Taylor vortex flow is characterized by a pressure distribution in the azimuthal plane showing a local minimum adjacent to the wall of the inner cylinder between a pair of vortices that form a radial flow towards the outer cylinder. Thence, cavitation occurs simultaneously if the local pressure minimum drops below the vapor pressure of the fluid. This transition from a two-dimensional (Couette) into a three-dimensional (Taylor) flow triggered the idea to apply a newly developed unsteady 2-phase 3D-computational fluid dynamics code by computing the generation of vapor that is coinciding with the formation of Taylor vortices at the critical Taylor number. Whereas the results of a numerical simulation prove the existence of toroidal vapor caused by cavitation, the experimental validation demands additionally the development of a special fluid. Thus, the present work describes this specifically tailored fluid, which not only fulfills Taylor and pressure analogy but also features a favorable refractive index and a chemical suitability for the task.
Use of retrotransposon-derived genetic markers to analyse genomic variability in plants
Authors: Kalendar Ruslan , Amenov Asset , Daniyarov Asset
Published: October 2018

Transposable elements (TEs) are common mobile genetic elements comprising several classes and making up the majority of eukaryotic genomes. The movement and accumulation of TEs has been a major force shaping the genes and genomes of most organisms. Most eukaryotic genomes are dominated by retrotransposons and minimal DNA transposon accumulation. The ‘copy and paste’ lifecycle of replicative transposition produces new genome insertions without excising the original element. Horizontal TE transfer among lineages is rare. TEs represent a reservoir of potential genomic instability and RNA-level toxicity. Many TEs appear static and nonfunctional, but some are capable of replicating and mobilising to new positions, and somatic transposition events have been observed. The overall structure of retrotransposons and the domains responsible for the phases of their replication are highly conserved in all eukaryotes. TEs are important drivers of species diversity and exhibit great variety in their structure, size and transposition mechanisms, making them important putative actors in evolution. Because TEs are abundant in plant genomes, various applications have been developed to exploit polymorphisms in TE insertion patterns, including conventional or anchored PCR, and quantitative or digital PCR with primers for the 5ʹ or 3ʹ junction. Alternatively, the retrotransposon junction can be mapped using high-throughput next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics. With these applications, TE insertions can be rapidly, easily and accurately identified, or new TE insertions can be found. This review provides an overview of the TE-based applications developed for plant species and assesses the contributions of TEs to the analysis of plants’ genetic diversity.
DNA entombed in archival seashells reveals low historical mitochondrial genetic diversity of endangered white abalone Haliotis sorenseni
Authors: Hawk Heather L. , Geller Jonathan B.
Published: October 2018

In this study we used decades-old shells of the endangered Northeast Pacific white abalone Haliotis sorenseni to produce high-quality DNA sequences for identification and historical diversity analysis. We obtained mitochondrial (mt) and nuclear DNA sequences (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and histone H3 respectively) from shells with collection dates bracketing a period of population decline due to overexploitation, from throughout the species’ range. Illustrating the potential of shell DNA for forensic and conservation studies, we found two cases of misidentification among archival shell specimens. Diversity at the mitochondrial marker was lower in H. sorenseni throughout the 20th century than levels recently observed in two sympatric species that also suffered declines. The cause of comparatively low mtDNA diversity in white abalone is unclear; however, it cannot be exclusively linked to exploitation. DNA entombed in shells allowed us to directly establish historical genetic baselines for restoration of this endangered species. Vast repositories of shells exist in museum, aquaculture and private collections; the DNA contained within may be broadly investigated for studies of evolution, archaeology and conservation.
Local environmental conditions affecting anuran tadpoles' microhabitat choice and morphological adaptation
Authors: Marques N. C. S. , Rattis L. , Nomura F.
Published: October 2018

In this study, we investigated the environmental variables that best explained tadpole occurrence, as well as associations between environmental variables and the morphological traits of tadpoles. We modelled the occurrence of tadpoles to evaluate the significance of trait–environment relationships by sampling in 86 ponds, measuring a set of environmental descriptors of these ponds, determining the tadpoles’ external-morphology changes and using a generalised linear mixed model approach. The best fitting model predicting tadpole occurrence included all the environmental variables measured (pond dimensions, pond margin type, pond bottom substrate, vegetation type inside the pond, vegetation type in the pond margins, landscape descriptors) and seven morphology–environment interactions. Tadpoles are capable of fine-tuning their morphology according to the environmental traits of the pond and land use changes around the pond. Vegetation heterogeneity of ponds interacts with tadpole morphology primarily on tail size and deviations in the mean position of the eye, nostril and mouth. Moreover, there are increases in body size and tail length in smaller ponds, as well as in ponds surrounded vegetation changes from forest to pasture or short crops. Changes in environmental variables as a result of land use change can affect the dispersion of adult frogs and, consequently, the occurrence of and morphological variations in tadpoles. Local environmental variables play important roles driving tadpoles’ microhabitat choice; once tadpoles cannot select the site of their developmental, they need to compensate for any mismatching by induced morphological adaptations.
Effects of ten–eleven translocation 1 (Tet1) on DNA methylation and gene expression in chicken primordial germ cells
Authors: Yu Minli , Li Dongfeng , Cao Wanyan , Chen Xiaolu , Du Wenxing
Published: October 2018

Ten–eleven translocation 1 (Tet1) is involved in DNA demethylation in primordial germ cells (PGCs); however, the precise regulatory mechanism remains unclear. In the present study the dynamics of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in developing PGCs and the role of Tet1 in PGC demethylation were analysed. Results show that 5mC levels dropped significantly after embryonic Day 4 (E4) and 5hmC levels increased reaching a peak at E5–E5.5. Interestingly, TET1 protein was highly expressed during E5 to E5.5, which showed a consistent trend with 5hmC. The expression of pluripotency-associated genes (Nanog, PouV and SRY-box 2 (Sox2)) and germ cell-specific genes (caveolin 1 (Cav1), piwi-like RNA-mediated gene silencing 1 (Piwi1) and deleted in azoospermia-like (Dazl)) was upregulated after E5, whereas the expression of genes from the DNA methyltransferase family was decreased. Moreover, the Dazl gene was highly methylated in early PGCs and then gradually hypomethylated. Knockdown of Tet1 showed impaired survival and proliferation of PGCs, as well as increased 5mC levels and reduced 5hmC levels. Further analysis showed that knockdown of Tet1 led to elevated DNA methylation levels of Dazl and downregulated gene expression including Dazl. Thus, this study reveals the dynamic epigenetic reprogramming of chicken PGCs invivo and the molecular mechanism of Tet1 in regulating genomic DNA demethylation and hypomethylation of Dazl during PGC development.
Greenhouse gas emission reductions in subtropical cereal-based cropping sequences using legumes, DMPP-coated urea and split timings of urea application
Authors: Schwenke Graeme D. , Brock Philippa M. , Haigh Bruce M. , Herridge David F.
Published: October 2018

To contribute to national greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) reduction targets, grain growers need strategies that minimise emissions associated with grain production. We used life cycle assessments (LCAs) with field-measured production inputs, grain yields and proteins, legume nitrogen (N2) fixation, and soil nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) emissions, to explore mitigation strategies in 3-year crop sequences in subtropical Australia. The sequences were: canola plus 80 kg/ha fertiliser nitrogen (80N)–wheat 85N–barley 65N (CaNWtNBaN), chickpea 0N–wheat 85N–barley 5N (CpWtNBa), chickpea 0N–wheat 5N–chickpea 5N (CpWtCp), and chickpea 0N–sorghum 45N (CpSgN). We also assessed the impacts of split fertiliser N application and urea coated with DMPP, a nitrification inhibitor, on the LCA for the CaNWtNBaN sequence.
Total pre-farm plus on-farm GHG emissions varied between 915 CO2-e/ha (CpSgN) and 1890 CO2-e/ha (CaNWtNBaN). Cumulative N2O emitted over the 3-year study varied between 0.479 kg N2O-N/ha (CpWtCp) and 1.400 kg N2O-N/ha (CaNWtNBaN), which constituted 24–44% of total GHG emissions. Fertiliser production accounted for 20% (CpSgN) to 30% (CaNWtNBaN) of total emissions. An extra 4.7 kg CO2-e/ha was emitted for each additional kg N/ha of applied N fertiliser. Three-year CH4 emissions ranged from −1.04 to −0.98 kg CH4-C/ha. Split N and DMPP strategies could reduce total GHG emissions of CaNWtNBaN by 17 and 28% respectively. Results of the study indicate considerable scope for reducing the carbon footprint of subtropical, dryland grains cropping in Australia.