bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ergonomics Contributions to Company Strategy
Authors: Dul Jan , Neumann Patrick
Published: May 2021

Presently, ergonomics is associated with occupational health and safety and related legislation, and not with business performance. Therefore, companies perceive ergonomics as a “must” and not as a “want”. In order to strengthen the position of ergonomics and ergonomists, we discuss the opportunities to link ergonomics explicitly to company strategies and business goals. Conceptual models are presented and examples are given to illustrate the present and desired situation. It is concluded that ergonomics has a clear potential to contribute to business strategies and goals. In order to utilize this potential, considerable changes must take place within the ergonomics community by moving from a health ergonomics paradigm to a business ergonomics paradigm.

Keywords Corporate strategy, human factors, business, management, paradigm shift, future of ergonomics
Responses of Canada’s voluntary organizations to shifts in social policy: a provincial perspective
Authors: Meinhard Agnes G. , Foster Mary K.
Published: May 2021

[First paragraph of Introduction]: Many observers have written about the philosophical shift in Canadian politics and social policy in the last decades of the 20th century while others have looked at its impact on the voluntary sector - the traditional deliverers of Canada's social programs. In this paper we explore the responses of 645 voluntary organizations to the recent policy shifts. First, we examine organizations’ perceptions of and responses to these policy shifts. Then we compare differences in attitudes and actions among the provinces. Finally, we ascertain the role of economic, political, social and cultural heritage in explaining the relationship between provincial governments and the third sector. While there are national forces and trends that affect the voluntary sector, each province in Canada has a unique economic, political and cultural history that affects attitudes, actions and policy choices.

Keywords: CVSS, Centre for Voluntary Sector Studies, Working Paper Series,TRSM, Ted Rogers School of Management

Citation:
Maskless Lithography Using Silicon Oxide Etch-Stop Layer Induced by Megahertz Repetition Femtosecond Laser Pulses
Authors: Kiani Amirkianoosh , Venkatakrishnan Krishnan , Tan Bo , Venkataramanan Venkat
Published: May 2021

In this study we report a new method for maskless lithography fabrication process by a combination of direct silicon oxide etch-stop layer patterning and wet alkaline etching. A thin layer of etch-stop silicon oxide of predetermined pattern was first generated by irradiation with high repetition (MHz) ultrafast (femtosecond) laser pulses in air and at atmospheric pressure. The induced thin layer of silicon oxide is used as an etch stop during etching process in alkaline etchants such as KOH. Our proposed method has the potential to enable low-cost, flexible, high quality patterning for a wide variety of application in the field of micro- and nanotechnology, this technique can be leading to a promising solution for maskless lithography technique. A Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), optical microscopy, Micro-Raman, Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy were used to analyze the silicon oxide layer induced by laser pulses.
National Social Investment Funds: The U.K.’s Early Experience of Big Society Capital
Authors: O'Connor Pauline
Published: May 2021

Over the last 15 years or so, Canadian social enterprises have consistently identified lack of access to financing as an important barrier to their growth and sustainability (e.g., Bridge & Corriveau 2009; Mulholland et al 2011; Treurnicht 2011; McIsaac & Moody 2013; Malhotra et al. 2010; Flatt et al. 2013; CTFSF 2010). Social enterprises in other jurisdictions have echoed a similar complaint (e.g., SEUK 2011, 2013). The same period has also witnessed the emergence of “social investment markets” in several jurisdictions. Social investment markets offer the promise of providing social enterprises and other social purpose organizations with the types and amount of financing they need, outside of mainstream commercial markets.

Keywords: CVSS, Centre for Voluntary Sector Studies, Working Paper Series,TRSM, Ted Rogers School of Management

Citation:
Ethnicity, Voluntary Behaviour and Social Integration
Authors: Berger Ida , Dinca-Panaitescu Michaela , Foster Mary , Meinhard Agnes
Published: May 2021

The voluntary sector has long been seen as the foundation of a healthy civil society (DeTocqueville, 1961; Leonard & Onyx, 2003). Yet, substantial growth in the last two decades in demand for voluntary sector services in Canada has been accompanied by a significant reduction in government resources supporting the sector’s activities (Browne, 1996). This confluence of sector growth and decreased governmental support has resulted in increased competition among voluntary organizations for both capital and human resources (Meinhard & Foster, 2000). Furthermore, the ethnic transformation of Canadian society raises knowledge, policy and practical issues across all sectors, including the voluntary sector. These conditions have pushed many in the voluntary sector to reach beyond their traditional bases of support to consider hitherto untapped segments of society. However, research on the Canadian voluntary sector, particularly with a cross-cultural lens, is a relatively new research domain, with many gaps in the knowledge base.
Berger (2004) and Berger & Azaria (2004) have proposed, tested and supported a framework that traces the relationship between sub-group identity and volunteering, as mediated by attitudes, norms and social barriers. In this paper we extend this framework in order to consider the role of volunteering in social integration. (See Figure 1 below.) We use the 2002 Ethnic Diversity Survey (EDS) not only to investigate this relationship in general, but also to examine how it might be moderated by generation and ethnic identification.
Keywords: CVSS, Centre for Voluntary Sector Studies, Working Paper Series, TRSM, Ted Rogers School of Management
The Pioneer Greek Immigrant in the United States and Canada (1880s-1920s): Survival Strategies of a Traditional Family
Authors: Tastsoglou Evangelia , Stubos George
Published: May 2021

This paper is a study of the pioneer Greek immigrant and the pioneer Greek immigrant family in the United States and Canada from the 1880s to the 1920s. Our thesis is that the pioneer Greek immigrant was the executor of a well-defined family plan to help preserve as much as possible the physiognomy, identity and economic autonomy of the family unit that was left behind in the mother country. The Greek-American and Greek-Canadian family, limited in scope because of the gender composition of the early immigrants, organized itself in a "defensive" manner, i.e. it "closed" itself to the outside world and remained "frozen in time", as a result of the hardships of immigrant life, including the racism of the host countries.
The performative manifestation of a research identity: storying the Journey through poetry
Authors: Lapum Jennifer L.
Published: May 2021

Cultivating a research identity is an arduous journey. We are told to situate ourselves—know where we are coming from—but it is rare that people share their experiences and provide insight into a journey that indubitably shapes your research. In this performative piece, I shed light on my journey to a research identity. I provide an intimate portrayal of the blurring and temporal nature of research identities that is sometimes avoided and often unaccepted. In doing so, I hope to awaken new understandings and provide insight into what can be a direction(less) journey that leads to a sense of positioning. My journey is a tracing rendered through poetry-enhanced prose, which provides aesthetic sensibilities and the possibility for you to enter into and become caught up in our experience. As well, poetry and photography are bestowed in a way to illuminate the performative and dynamic place of my research identity and as a way to visualize and feel the story within this poetical telling. This is a manifestation of performative social science in which the voice is never solely mine and the identity is never conclusive as it continues to unfold and shift through the spaces I inhabit.
Shrinking, Growing, and Bursting: Microfluidic Equilibrium Control of Water-in-Water Droplets
Authors: Moon Byeong-Ui , Hwang Dae Kun , Tsai Scott
Published: May 2021

We demonstrate the dynamic control of aqueous two phase system (ATPS) droplets in shrinking, growing, and dissolving conditions. The ATPS droplets are formed passively in a flow focusing microfluidic channel, where the dextran-rich (DEX) and polyethylene glycol-rich (PEG) solutions are introduced as disperse and continuous phases, respectively. To vary the ATPS equilibrium condition, we infuse into a secondary inlet the PEG phase from a different polymer concentration ATPS. We find that the resulting alteration of the continuous PEG phase can cause droplets to shrink or grow by approximately 45 and 30 %, respectively. This volume change is due to water exchange between the disperse DEX and continuous PEG phases, as the system tends towards new equilibria. We also develop a simple model, based on the ATPS binodal curve and tie lines, that predicts the amount of droplet shrinkage or growth, based on the change in the continuous phase PEG concentration. We observe a good agreement between our experimental results and the model. Additionally, we find that, when the continuous phase PEG concentration is reduced such that PEG and DEX phases no longer phase separate, the ATPS droplets are dissolved into the continuous phase. We apply this method to controllably release encapsulated microparticles and cells, and we find that their release occurs within 10 seconds. Our approach uses the dynamic equilibrium of ATPS to control droplet size along the microfluidic channel. By modulating the ATPS equilibrium, we are able to shrink, grow, and dissolve ATPS droplets in situ. We anticipate that this approach may find utility in many biomedical settings, for example, in drug and cell delivery and release applications.
Toward 2020 : new directions in journalism education
Authors: Gene Allen , Craft Stephanie , Waddell Christopher , Young Mary Lynn
Published: May 2021

With one exception (the keynote address by Robert Picard), all of the essays in this volume are expanded versions of presentations made at the conference “Toward 2020: New Directions in Journalism Education,” held at Ryerson University in Toronto on 31 May 2014. Testifying to the urgent interest in professional renewal among journalism educators, more than one hundred people from Canada, the United States, Europe, and Australia attended the conference. The papers published here represent a reasonable cross-section of the issues discussed. The authors advance different ideas about where journalism education should go from here; at times they disagree with one another, but all share the underlying view that if business as usual was ever a viable option, this clearly is no longer the case.
From Theory to Practice: Engaging Immigrant Parents in Their Children’s Education
Authors: Bernhard Judith K.
Published: May 2021

The development of a series of theoretically based interventions for newcomer (immigrant)parents was undertaken over a 10-year period through an iterative method of designing and analyzing a series of ethnographic studies of its implementation. The results of three such interventions are reported here. The work was based on the critical theory of Freire and the post-Marxist and radical theories of Bourdieu and Cummins. Specifically, the interventions were designed to help immigrant groups of parents (of Latino origin) to understand their position of marginality, to help empower them, and to provide them with a basis for acting in support of their children’s education in the new host country. The findings of the interventions reported show how the research program evolved along with the dialectic refinement of practice and theory.
Quels sont les éléments essentiels de la recherche valable? Les problèmes de « données » et leur cueillette dans les contextes interculturels
Authors: Bernhard Judith K.
Published: May 2021

La professeure Judith Bernhard enseigne à la School of Early Childhood Education de l’Université Ryerson. Elle s’appuie sur sa propre expérience de la recherche sur les familles transnationales pour illustrer les difficultés de la collecte de données et pour alimenter ainsi la réflexion sur les pratiques dans ce domaine. Elle commence par exposer sa propre histoire d’immigrante et d’universitaire. Elle vit elle-même les tensions entre la défense des intérêts des familles et son rôle comme chercheuse universitaire. Elle utilise deux études de cas pour illustrer certaines de ces difficultés. La première est celle de points de vue divergents sur le rôle du parent dans le cas d’une jeune adolescente dont la famille était originaire du Salvador. L’enseignante de la jeune fille et sa famille ne partageaient pas les mêmes opinions sur ses droits et responsabilités à cause de leurs valeurs culturelles. La professeure Bernhard explique que ces divergences d’opinions étaient également représentées au sein de l’équipe de chercheurs. Ses propres racines latino-américaines lui ont permis de comprendre la position de la famille et sa formation universitaire de comprendre les buts poursuivis par l’enseignante. L’équipe a rédigé un rapport qui ne reflétait pas totalement la tension entre ces cultures. La professeure Bernhard a cependant conclu que les chercheurs doivent prêter plus attention à leur propre formation professionnelle et acculturation qui sont d’importants marqueurs dans le processus de recherche. La deuxième étude de cas qu’elle présente expose les difficultés qu’elle a rencontrées en utilisant des entrevues pour enquêter sur le vécu de mères somaliennes réfugiées. Le premier enquêteur, bien que ce soit un chercheur chevronné avec des racines immigrantes, s’est avéré inacceptable pour les familles somaliennes parce qu’il était de sexe masculin. La deuxième personne choisie est originaire de la communauté somalienne et a été formée par les chercheurs pour obtenir le consentement éclairé et pour conduire des entrevues normalisées. La professeure explique comment les perceptions et les normes culturelles interdisent d’appliquer ces approches normalisées avec la population de l’enquête, ce qui empêche la publication d’un rapport de recherche crédible. Du fait même, les informations sur la situation de ces familles et sur leur point de vue ne parviendront pas aux professionnels et aux décideurs dont les décisions influencent leur vie. La professeure Bernhard incite le milieu de la recherche à réfléchir aux modalités de définition des « données » significatives et des meilleures méthodes à employer pour les collecter.
A regional spatial-retrofitting approach to geovisualise regional urban growth: An application to the Golden Horseshoe in Canada
Authors: de Noronha Vaz Eric , Buckland Amy , Worthington Kevin
Published: May 2021

Understanding urban change in particular for larger regions has been a great demur in both regional planning and geography. One of the main challenges has been linked to the potential of modelling urban change. The absence of spatial data and size of areas of study limit the traditional urban monitoring approaches, which also do not take into account visualization techniques that share information with the community. This is the case of the Golden Horseshoe in southern Ontario in Canada, one of the fastest growing regions in North America. An unprecedented change on the urban environment has been witnessed, leading to an increased importance of awareness for future planning in the region. With a population greater than 8 million, the Golden Horseshoe is steadily showing symptoms of becoming a mega-urban region, joining surrounding cities into a single and diversified urban landscape. However, little effort has been done to understand these changes, nor to share information with policy makers, stakeholders and investors. These players are in need of the most diverse information on urban land use, which is seldom available from a single source. The spatio-temporal effect of the growth of this urban region could very well be the birth of yet another North American megacity. Therefore, from a spatial perspective there is demand for joint collaboration and adoption of a regional science perspective including land use and spatio-temporal configurations. This calls forth a novel technique that allows for assessment of urban and regional change, and supports decision-making without having the usual concerns of locational data availability. It is this sense, that we present a spatial-retrofitting model, with the objective of (i) retrofitting spatial land use based on current land use and land cover, and assessing proportional change in the past, leading to four spatial timestamps of the Golden Horseshoe’s land use, while (ii) integrating this in a multi-user open source web environment to facilitate synergies for decision-making. This combined approach is referred to as a regional-spatial-retrofitting approach (RSRA), where the conclusions permit accurate assessment of land use in past time frames based on Landsat imagery. The RSRA also allows for a collective vision of regional urban growth supporting local governance through a decision-making process adhering to Volunteered Geographic Information Systems. Urban land use change can be refined by means of contribution from end-users through a web environment, leading to a constant understanding and monitoring of urban land use and urban land use change.
Analyzing the Usability of an Argumentation Map as a Participatory Spatial Decision Support Tool
Authors: Sidlar Christopher L , Rinner Claus
Published: May 2021

Argumentation Maps support participants in geographically referenced debates as they occur, for example, as part of urban planning processes. In a quasi-naturalistic case study, 11 student participants discussed planning issues on the University of Toronto downtown campus. The analysis of this case study focuses on general usability aspects of an Argumentation Map prototype, such as cost of entry, efficiency, interactivity, and connectivity. By applying usability analysis methods from the field of human-computer interaction, we evaluate the learnability, memorability, and user satisfaction with this tool’s functionality. Our findings indicate that the participants were generally satisfied, but we include specific suggestions for improving the functionality of Argumentation Maps, e.g., with respect to map navigation, display of discussion contributions, and online status of participants. On a more general level, this case study contributes to the methods spectrum of research into participatory spatial decision support systems as an example of user testing in a realistic decision-making context.
Designer behaviour and activity: an industrial observation method
Authors: Cash Philip , Hicks Ben , Culley Steve , Salustri Filippo A.
Published: May 2021

The relationship between laboratory based study and the actual practice of engineering design is very important. For research activity, laboratory based studies have an important role. The problem is the difficulty of relating laboratory study to practice, it is thus important to fully understand this relationship. To address this, an observational method is proposed that focuses on characterizing the activities and behaviors of designers in practice. The method has been developed to provide rich context, whilst avoiding information overload. The proposed method is then critically discussed with respect to the issues particularly affecting empirical design research, such as contextualization, validity and repeatability. Finally, the paper highlights the potential importance and impact of the method for developing the relationship between practice and laboratory based experiments.
The Land of Cain: Class and Nationalism in English Canada, 1945-1975 [Review]
Authors: Layton Jack
Published: May 2021

The Land of Cain: Class and Nationalism in English Canada, 1945-1975 [Review]
Post-Secondary Education in Canada: Can Ability Bias Explain the Earnings Gap Between College and University Graduates?
Authors: Caponi Vincenzo , Plesca Miana
Published: May 2021

Using the Canadian General Social Survey we compute returns to post-secondary education relative to high-school. Unlike previous research using Canadian data, our dataset allows us to control for ability selection into higher education. We find strong evidence of positive ability selection into all levels of post-secondary education for men and weaker positive selection for women. Since the ability selection is stronger for higher levels of education, particularly for university, the difference in returns between university and college or trades education decreases slightly after accounting for ability bias. However, a puzzling large gap persists, with university-educated men still earning over 20% more than men with college or trades education. Moreover, contrary to previous Canadian literature that reports higher returns for women, we document that the OLS hourly wage returns to university education are the same for men and women. OLS returns are higher for women only if weekly or yearly wages are considered instead, because university-educated women work more hours than the average. Nevertheless, once we account for ability selection into post-secondary education, we generally find higher returns for women than for men for all wage measures as a result of the stronger ability selection for men.
Solving the Forward Position Problem of an In-Parallel Planar Manipulator in the Gauss Plane
Authors: Sahin Sureyya
Published: May 2021

We study determining the posture of an in-parallel planar manipulator, which has three connectors composed of revolute, prismatic and revolute joints, from specified active joint variables. We construct an ideal in the field of complex numbers,
and we introduce self inversive polynomials. We provide results for an in-parallel planar manipulator, which has a base and moving platform in right triangular shape. Using Sage computer algebra system, we compute its Groebner bases. We illustrate that the single variable polynomials obtained from the Groebner bases are self reciprocal.
Virtual Tools for Assessing Human and Organisational Factors in Production System Design
Authors: Neumann Patrick , Kazmierczak Karolina , Medbo Per
Published: May 2021

This paper describes two approaches for integrating human factors into discrete event simulations of production systems. In the first, biomechanical loading information was integrated with a simulation model in a car dismantling operation. In the second study, the productivity sensitivity of three systems with varying parallelisation was tested with respect to a) allowing operators to take breaks ‘as desired’, and b) having ‘reduced capacity’ operators at work. Both methods provided insight into design options that gave superior performance with improved ergonomics. Such ‘virtual ergonomics’ approaches can help establish boundary crossing discussions to support ergonomics application in early design stages.
Heterogeneous Human Capital and Migration: Who Migrates from Mexico to the US?
Authors: Caponi Vincenzo
Published: May 2021

In this paper I document the fact that the relationship between human capital, as measured by education, and migration choices among Mexicans is U-shaped: the highest and lowest educated tend to migrate more than the middle educated. I provide an explanation for the Ushaped relationship based on the interaction of two forces. On the one hand, there is a loss of human capital faced by emigrants, due to imperfect transferability, that is progressive with education and causes the negative relationship. On the other hand, the altruism towards future generations and the transmission of human capital from one generation to the next drives the positive relationship. I calibrate the model to match relevant moments from the Mexican and US Censuses, and use the calibrated model for policy evaluation. I evaluate the long run effect of the Progresa policy on education and migration. I show that, by giving a monetary contribution to poor families that send their children to school at lower grades, the Mexican government will improve the educational distribution of future generations and this in turn will shift the composition of immigrants towards the higher educated. Overall it will lower emigration from Mexico attenuating the pressure, especially of illegal immigrants. Also available for download here: http://ftp.iza.org/dp2446.pdf
Between Rhetoric and Propaganda: A Case Study of Appeals to Pathos in Iraq War Justification
Authors: Turnbull Bryn
Published: May 2021

This MRP explores the ethical dilemma inherent in the use of emotional appeals in political speeches. Taking a historical approach to the question of how ethics and emotion have played out in rhetorical theory and propaganda studies, I examine how political speakers use rhetorical appeals to pathos in order to gain support for controversial policies. I question where the “line” between legitimate rhetorical appeals to pathos and illegitimate, emotionally manipulative propaganda lies, and ask: do appeals to emotion constitute propaganda? What is the difference between a legitimate appeal to emotion and propaganda? What constitutes a “legitimate” appeal to emotion in political speech?
To answer this, I analyze three speeches made by Western political leaders justifying America’s decision to invade Iraq in 2003. My analysis distinguishes different kinds of appeals to pathos, or emotion, within my data set and weighs each speaker’s use of “legitimate” appeals to pathos against emotional appeals that are classified as “propaganda,” according to Elspeth Tilley’s Propaganda Index (2005).
My findings show that a large percentage of appeals to pathos in each speech analyzed meet the requirements for propaganda as defined by Tilley. Eighty-one percent of appeals to pathos in George W. Bush’s “Message to Saddam” constitute propaganda; sixty-eight percent of appeals to pathos in Tony Blair’s Speech to the British House of Commons constitute propaganda; and seventy-three percent of appeals to pathos in Stephen Harper’s Speech to the Canadian House of Commons are considered propaganda as defined by Tilley. My findings showcase the ambiguity of “ethical” communication in political contexts, and underline the importance of critical audience engagement in political processes.
Towards a Sanctuary Province: Policies, Programs, and Services for Illegalized
Immigrants’ Equitable Employment, Social Participation, and Economic Development
Authors: Hannan Charity-Ann , Bauder Harald
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Given contemporary federal migration policies, Canada can expect increasing numbers of immigrants who do not possess legal status. The exploitation of these “illegalized” immigrants in the labour market affects wages and labour standards for all Canadians. To mitigate the negative effects of federal immigration policies, Toronto and Hamilton have declared themselves sanctuary cities. In this working paper, we explore initiatives that could be applied at the provincial and territorial scale to enhance access to employment for illegalized immigrants. After conducting a scoping analysis of the literature, we conclude that provinces and territories could implement a range of programs, policies, and service deliveries.
The library as congenial space: the Saint Mary’s experience
Authors: Lefebvre Madeleine
Published: May 2021

The library as congenial space: the Saint Mary’s experience
Innovate this ! Bullshit in academic libraries and what we can do about it
Authors: Schmidt Jane
Published: May 2021

Academic libraries produce and perpetuate their fair share of management speak - or, bullshit. We create checklists of core competencies to actualize our value propositions. We revere the Thought Leaders in the Innovative Library of the 21st Century. We create synergistic space to incubate the next big game changers. We create and administer committees and task forces that in turn generate a never ending cycle of emails to nail down agendas and meeting minutes. I will reflect on how this proliferation of empty language affects our collective psyche, and what we might do to shovel our way out and focus on meaningful work that provides resonance through all stages of our careers.
Midwifery trained registered nurses' perceptions on their service: a qualitative study in Sri Lanka
Authors: Jayathilake S. , Jayasuriya V. , Molligoda H. , Perera R. , Samarasinghe K.
Published: May 2021

The Midwifery Trained Registered Nurse (MTRN) is a part of the multi- disciplinary team of hospital based maternity care in Sri Lanka. MTRNs perform their duties by practice or tradition without clear job descriptions, thus exposing them to role conflicts within the team similar to other South Asian settings (Sharma, Johansson, Prakasamma, Mavalankar & Christensson, 2013). The MTRN´s scope of practice therefore needs to be carefully analysed in order to clarify their role, tasks and responsibilities. This study explores MTRN´s perceptions of their own profession as maternity care providers
Recognizing the Centrality of Cultural Diversity and Racial Equity: Beginning a Discussion and Critical Reflection on Developmentally Appropriate Practice
Authors: Bernhard Judith K. , Gonzalez-Mena Janet , Chang Hedy Nai-Lin , O'Loughlin Michael , Eggers-Pierola Costanza , Roberts Fiati Gloria , Corson Patricia
Published: May 2021

Child care standards in both the United States and Canada are in large measure based upon those set out in the document of the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) entitled Developmentally Appropriate Practice in early childhood education programs (DAP; Bredekamp & Copple, 1997). This document is intended for "administrators, teachers, parents, policy makers, and others who make decisions about the care and education of young children" (p. 3). The principles of DAP and their alleged knowledge base shape the ways child care
is delivered in North America in broad areas from
legislation to teacher training to teacher-child
interaction. The revised edition of this document (1997)
is motivated, in part, by a recognition of the increasing
cultural, racial, and linguistic diversity in the child and
family population. The previous edition (Bredekamp,
1987) had discussed cultural context as part of
individual differences but did not focus on the effects
of context.
Autoethnography & Goffman`s Asylums: Re-Storying Mental Illness
Authors: Simpson Leanne
Published: May 2021

Mental illness narratives occupy a small, unstable place within critical discourse. Within both research and social practices, mental illness is often seen as a limitation instead of an alternative way of knowing, and thus, personal accounts are swept aside in favor of more “objective” research. In 1961, famed sociologist Erving Goffman published Asylums: Essays on the social situation of mental patients and other inmates after observing the daily life of a mental institution. While the book breathed life into the deinstitutionalization movement, it also undermined the narrative autonomy of the patients that it spoke for. In this paper, autoethnography is used to complement and challenge Goffman’s research, while arguing that there is a better way of positioning the patient narrative within mental health research. It is a way of reconciling my identities as a person with mental illness and an academic, and bringing lived experience to the forefront of mental health discourse, where it belongs.
Gaining support for human factors in an engineering design culture
Authors: Village Judy Lynn , Dixon Shane
Published: May 2021

Background and Objectives:
This paper reports qualitative findings from the first year of a three-year collaborative
action research project with a large electronics manufacturer. The goal is to help the
organization increase their HF capabilities within their engineering design processes. Our
goal, through first-hand observation and participation, is to increase understanding of the
facilitators and barriers of HF integration.
Spatio-Temporal Multi-Criteria Analysis - Conceptual Challenges and Application to Health Service Planning
Authors: Young Jacqueline , Ashton Niklaus , Rinner Claus
Published: May 2021

Population health is influenced by many socioeconomic and demographic factors that may include levels of employment, income, education, ethnicity and age. For health planning and service delivery, it is important to take into account demographic trends over time. This temporal component is usually incorporated into analyses by comparing multiple maps of variables at different points in time. In this study demographic variables with spatial and temporal components are used in a multi-criteria analysis within an interactive spatial decision support tool. We illustrate how the exploration of an area-based composite index over time can help analysts with identifying trends of increasing social deprivation and health-care needs. The paper focuses on the conceptual challenges of spatio-temporal multi-criteria analysis due to changing geographic boundaries, the standardization of variables across time, comparability of variables, and comparability of index scores.
Domestic Violence in Immigrant Communities: Case Studies (Spanish)
Authors: Chaze Ferzana , Osborne Bethany , Medhekar Archana , George Purnima
Published: May 2021

This document contains excerpts from the book Domestic Violence in Immigrant Communities: Case Studies by Dr. Ferzana Chaze, Dr. Bethany Osborne, Ms. Archana Medhekar and Dr. Purnima George that have been translated into Spanish so that a wider audience can access them. The book is a freely accessible educational resource to be used in training with social work and legal practitioners.

The translated case studies in this document are real life stories of immigrant women who have experienced domestic violence in Canada. The cases emerged from closed legal case files handled by Archana Medhekar Law Office and reflect the stories of racialized immigrant women who experienced domestic violence in Canada and who sought legal help. Permission to carry out this research was received from the Research Ethics Board of both Ryerson University and Sheridan College in June 2019. All cases included in this research took place within the past ten years and were closed for at least one year prior to the start of the research.

In addition to the case studies, included are questions for discussion with community groups on the topic of domestic violence. We hope you will find this tool useful as you engage your communities on issues around domestic violence.
Tales of policy estrangement: non-governmental policy work and capacity in three Canadian provinces
Authors: Evans Bryan , Wellstead Adam
Published: May 2021

Recently, there have been a number of Canadian-based studies of federal and provincial government policy workers. One key theme across all of these studies is the importance of well-established networks outside of government. However, these studies have demonstrated that government policy workers interact very infrequently outside the comfort of their own department cubicles. This stands in contrast to the considerable literature on new public governance theory, which suggests that non-governmental organizations (NGOs), including nonprofit groups, should, and do, play an important role in shaping public policy. This article provides some insights into this question and identifies where NGO–government interaction does exist. The descriptive results from a survey of non-governmental organization policy workers across four fields (environment, health, labour, and immigration) in three Canadian provinces (British Columbia, Saskatchewan, and Ontario) clearly illustrate the limitations, at all levels, on interaction between NGO groups and government officials. The article argues that this does not disprove the basic tenet of new governance theory—that non-state actors are engaged, to some degree, in the policy process. The article examines the results of an ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model to determine what factors shape and drive NGO interaction with government.

Depuis peu, bon nombre d’études canadiennes sont apparues sur les stratèges des gouvernements fédéral et provinciaux. Un thème clé dans ces études est l’importance de maintenir des réseaux viables au-delà du gouvernement. Pourtant, selon diverses études, les stratèges gouvernementaux interagissent très peu au-delà de leurs bureaux à cloisons. Cette situation ne reflète pas l’approche recommandée dans les nombreux écrits recourant à la théorie de la nouvelle gouvernance publique. Celle-ci recommande aux organisations non-gouvernementales (ONG), y compris aux groupes sans but lucratif, de jouer un rôle plus important dans la formulation des politiques publiques. Cet article explore cette question et identifie les domaines où existent des interactions entre ONG et gouvernements. Les résultats d’un sondage de stratèges d’ONG dans quatre domaines (environnement, santé, travail et immigration) dans trois provinces canadiennes (Colombie-Britannique, Saskatchewan et Ontario) illustrent clairement les contraintes, à tous les niveaux, sur les interactions entre ONG et gouvernements. L’article soutient que cette situation ne contredit pas le principe fondamental de la théorie de la nouvelle gouvernance publique, à savoir que des acteurs non gouvernementaux s’engagent effectivement, jusqu’à un certain point, dans la formulation de politiques. Cet article examine en outre les résultats de l’application d’une méthode des moindres carrés pour déterminer quels sont les facteurs qui influencent et motivent les interactions entre ONG et gouvernements
Geovisualisierung zur räumlichen Entscheidungsunterstützung
Authors: Rinner Claus
Published: May 2021

This paper presents a combination of methods for spatial multi-criteria evaluation with principles of geographic visualization. Decision-makers are enabled to test multi-criteria decision strategies through the interactive manipulation of map symbols, linked displays, and transient selection and highlighting of data points. The results of different scenarios can then be compared and calibrated with the user’s knowledge. The paper introduces two case studies for geographic visualization in spatial decision support for public health planning and urban quality of life assessment. The case studies illustrate how map-centred interactive exploration of criteria hierarchies and importance weights affords a deeper insight into decision problems than traditional methods.
Toronto: planning for diversity, inclusion and urban resilience
Authors: Zhuang Zhixi Cecilia
Published: May 2021

Recent waves of global migration have generated significant and unprecedented changes to metropolitan regions of major immigrant settlement. The impacts on these cities are profound, socially, culturally, economically, politically, physically, and environmentally. As the World Migration Report points out, increasing research has been drawn to the relationship between migrants and cities. [1] Cities are playing an important role in the processes of immigrant settlement and integration, because they are not only the reception areas for newcomers to live, work, learn, play, socialize like any other city inhabitants, but also important places for building diverse, inclusive, resilient, and equitable communities in the long run. It has become imperative for municipalities to understand the dynamics and complexity of the global migration phenomenon and tackle the challenges and opportunities it presents locally. This report highlights the key takeaways from Toronto’s planning practices as part of the Building Inclusive Cities initiative.

[1]. Duncan, H. and Popp, I. 2017. Migrants and Cities: Stepping Beyond World Migration Report 1 2015’, in World Migration Report 2018, Geneva: IOM.
Production, Extraction, and Characterization of Green Biodegradable Bioplastics Polyhydroxybutyrates (PHB) for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Yousif Jehan
Published: May 2021

Biodegradable plastics are that kind of plastics that will decompose naturally, when environmental microorganisms metabolize and break down the chemical bonds present in the structure of biopolymer. Bio-plastics offer an advantage to earth by reducing carbon footprint and use of fossil fuel. Bio-plastics are completely biodegradable and can be recycled. The focus of the study was to produce green bioplastics by utilizing the sugar hydrolysate of Hemp fibers. Producing of Bioplastic was pursued in fermentation experiments, where HEMP was utilized as feedstock to produce PHB. Hemp fibers were initially pretreated, and then enzymatically hydrolyzed to produce PHB. Hemp can produce PHB (poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) when the environmental conditions are controlled. The objective of the study was to optimize simple sugar availability from hemp for Ralstonia eutropha. Powedered hemp with the contration of 5% NaOH, and 1.5g/ L of enzyme addition was found to yield the best restluts in the production process of Bioplastics as the fractional insoluble solids (FIS) of ≃ 61 % was significantly better compared to other combinations of pre-treatments studied. The enzyme hydrolysis yield of 10.9 % and PHB yield of ≃ 43 % were also found in this study.
Tuning cell adhesion by direct nanostructuring silicon into cell repulsive/adhesive patterns
Authors: Tavangar Amirhossein , Premanth Priyatha , Tan Bo , Venkatakrishnan Krishnan
Published: May 2021

Developing platforms that allow tuning cell functionality through incorporating physical, chemical, or mechanical cues onto the material surfaces is one of the key challenges in research in the field of biomaterials. In this respect, various approaches have been proposed and numerous structures have been developed on a variety of materials. Most of these approaches, however, demand a multistep process or post-chemical treatment. Therefore, a simple approach would be desirable to develop bio-functionalized platforms for effectively modulating cell adhesion and consequently programming cell functionality without requiring any chemical or biological surface treatment. This study introduces a versatile yet simple laser approach to structure silicon (Si) chips into cytophobic/cytophilic patterns in order to modulate cell adhesion and proliferation. These patterns are fabricated on platforms through direct laser processing of Si substrates, which renders a desired computer-generated configuration into patterns. We investigate the morphology, chemistry, and wettability of the platform surfaces. Subsequently, we study the functionality of the fabricated platforms on modulating cervical cancer cells (HeLa) behaviour. The results from in vitro studies suggest that the nanostructures efficiently repel HeLa cells and drive them to migrate onto untreated sites. The study of the morphology of the cells reveals that cells evade the cytophobic area by bending and changing directions. Additionally, cell patterning, cell directionality, cell channelling, and cell trapping are achieved by developing different platforms with specific patterns. The flexibility and controllability of this approach to effectively structure Si substrates to cell-repulsive and cell adhesive patterns offer perceptible outlook for developing bio-functionalized platforms for a variety biomedical devices. Moreover, this approach could pave the way for developing anti-cancer platforms that are repellent to cancer cells but favourable for other types of cells.
Automation Across the Nation: Understanding the potential impacts of technological trends across Canada
Authors: Lamb Creig , Lo Matt
Published: May 2021

The advent and rapid adoption of new technologies, such as machine learning and advanced robotics, have resurfaced concerns over technology eliminating jobs. Many now worry that more jobs are at risk than ever before. However, this debate all too often ignores the complexity of technology’s relationship to labour. Technological advancements throughout Canada’s history have helped to drive innovation and raise productivity, improve wealth and increase consumption, and give rise to entirely new industries and economic opportunities. As a result, in the long run technology has often helped to produce more jobs than it destroyed.
Two-Dimensional Velocity Estimation for Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Morofke Darren , Kolios Michael C. , Yang Victor X. D.
Published: May 2021

Online version of a conference paper originally published as: Two-Dimensional Velocity Estimation for Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography, Darren Morofke, Michael C. Kolios, Victor X.D. Yang, Coherence Domain Optical Methods and Optical Coherence Tomography in Biomedicine XI, edited by James G. Fujimoto, Joseph A. Izatt, Valery V. Tuchin Proc. of SPIE Vol. 6429, 64292F, (2007) Publisher URL: http://spie.org/x648.html?product_id=701372
Why They Lie: Probing the Explanations for Journalistic Cheating
Authors: Shapiro Ivor
Published: May 2021

This Review Essay examines four books that offer a variety of explanations fabrication and plagiarism within journalism. They include explanations offered by the two most famous recent perpetrators of fabrication (Jayson Blair and Stephen Glass), as well as an analysis of the recent scandals at the New York Times and of cheating in the wider society. Among the explanations probed are workplace pressure, the "star" system in journalism, and the culture of trust and lack of policing within news organizations. Simpler explanations are rejected, including pure ambition, lack of ability, dysfunctional management, and affirmative action.
Telling scholarly stories: Translating research outcomes into multimedia stories for the purposes of dissemination
Authors: Fatima Sahar
Published: May 2021

[Introduction]: "Universities have always focused on research, but the dissemination of research results beyond the scholarly community is often less of a priority (Armstrong, 2011) and poses serious challenges for scholars. Research is regularly published in books and in specialized scholarly journals, but both are expensive and often not readily available to the general public. The presentation of research papers at scholarly conferences is also problematic in that audiences tend to be limited to other scholars. Lack of ready access to upto-date research results means that individuals, communities and sometimes even government policy makers do not have the information they need for decision-making purposes. Moreover, students’ preoccupation with day-to-day studying and their focus on class-related work means they too are often unaware of advances in knowledge and the work professors do in their role as researchers in the academy. To address the challenge of making research results available to a wider audience, my Undergraduate Research Opportunity award focused on the creation of multimedia journalism stories for a research-focused website."