bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Wachapreague Fireman’s Carnival Cake Wheel
Authors: Herman Bernard L.
Published: September 2020

The Wachapreague Fireman's Carnival is unique only in its details in a place where homecomings of all varieties are occasions for long-standing celebrations. Throughout the Eastern Shore, favorite foods afford communions of remembrance and reminiscence. Where we eat speaks to the idea of terroir grounded in the places where folks share meals and conversation. Where we eat goes beyond experiences of breaking bread and maps and into how we know our place in the world, not just through what we eat, but also how we remember and speak of locale. The literal consumption of place nourishes our understandings of who we are. The power of taste is immersive, a deep plunge into a river of memory and flavor.
Ghosts of Sheridan Circle
Authors: McPherson Alan
Published: September 2020

On September 21, 1976, a car bomb killed Orlando Letelier, the former Chilean ambassador to the United States, along with his US colleague Ronni Moffitt. The murder shocked the world, especially because of its setting--Sheridan Circle, in the heart of Washington, D.C. Letelier’s widow and her allies immediately suspected the secret police of Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet, who eliminated opponents around the world. Because US political leaders saw the tyrant as a Cold War ally, they failed to warn him against assassinating Letelier and hesitated to blame him afterward. Government investigators and diplomats, however, pledged to find the killers, defying a monstrous, secretive regime. Was justice attainable? Finding out would take nearly two decades.
With interviews from three continents, never-before-used documents, and recently declassified sources that conclude that Pinochet himself ordered the hit and then covered it up, Alan McPherson has produced the definitive history of one of the Cold War’s most consequential assassinations. The Letelier car bomb forever changed counterterrorism, human rights, and democracy. This page-turning real-life political thriller combines a police investigation, diplomatic intrigue, courtroom drama, and survivors’ tales of sorrow and tenacity.
The Center of Each Other’s World
Authors: McPherson Alan
Published: September 2020

This chapter focuses on the relationship between Isabel and Orlando Letelier before the military coup by Pinochet on September 11, 1973. They met as stdents, fell in love and into politics, and lived in Washington for a decade when Orlando was ambassador. They also raised four boys who were bi-national in their culture. Right before the coup, Orlando returned to Chile as a minister for the socialist government of Salvador Allende. The chapter establishes the depth of the couple’s love, which is tested in later chapters.
Kill the Bitch and You Finish the Spawn
Authors: McPherson Alan
Published: September 2020

This chapter tells the story of the coup of September 11, 1973. It is also a biography of coup leader Augusto Pinochet, who pretends to be a loyalist of civilian leaders such as Allende and Letelier, who was minister of Defense on the day of the coup. Pinochet is less gifted than Contreras, but equally ruthless. The coup prompts many of those later associated with Letelier’s assassination into early atrocities against human rights. It also sends Letelier into prison camps for a year.
Some Misguided Sense of Patriotism
Authors: McPherson Alan
Published: September 2020

This chapter pivots to the biographies of a handful of Cuban-Americans who will help Michael Townley surveil and assassinate Orlando Letelier. The Cuban militants, enemies of the communist revolution in Cuba, coordinate with Chileans against socialists operating outside of Chile and Cuba, using terror as a tactic. Among these Cuban Americans are Guillermo Novo, Ignacio Novo, José Suárez, Alvin Ross, and Virgilio Paz.
Letelier Diplomacy
Authors: McPherson Alan
Published: September 2020

Part of the Letelier investigation tries to extract cooperation from the Pinochet government, which rejects any responsibility and feigns assistance. US diplomats such as ambassador to Chile George Landau become embroiled in the investigation, confronting an important Cold War ally over a violation of sovereignty.
Cueca Sola
Authors: McPherson Alan
Published: September 2020

This chapter focuses on Isabel Letelier’s widowhood in the year or so after the assassination, in addition to the experiences of other friends and family members. Letelier and her four teenage boys face daunting challenges of ostracism and destitution. She essentially replaces her husband at the Institute for Policy Studies and, with Michael Moffitt, pressures the Jimmy Carter administration to pursue the investigation into the Pinochet government. These non-state actors will end up having a significant impact on the case.
We Are Not a Nation of Softies
Authors: Bachynski Kathleen
Published: September 2020

Although the Great Depression limited funding for athletics, New Deal programs helped build infrastructure that contributed to making football a ubiquitous sport in high schools across the United States. With the end of World War II, high school football surged in the context of increasing prosperity, high school attendance, and suburbanization. Football’s expansion to increasingly include pre-pubescent children renewed critiques of the “big business” aspects of the sport. The participation of younger children also fostered a new range of concerns about physical injuries, as well as the emotional pressures of competitive collision sports for elementary and middle school children. Yet calls for limits on tackle football were ultimately obscured by the political and social culture of the Cold War. Football safety concerns were discounted as the anxieties of overly protective mothers. From the claims of coaches to the promotion of competitive sports by American presidents, tackle football was widely celebrated as a physically and morally beneficial sport for boys.
Epilogue
Authors: Bachynski Kathleen
Published: September 2020

Contemporary debates over head injuries in youth football are at a crossroads, with competing framings of the risks of traumatic brain injuries resulting in significantly different potential responses to addressing the sport’s risks. The prevailing framework, shaped in many ways by the NFL and other sports organizations, suggests that improved adult supervision, return-to-play guidelines, better helmet design, and other similar strategies can sufficiently address the risks of youth football. An alternative interpretation of the scientific evidence on sub-concussive hits, however, indicates that the full-body collisions associated with tackling carry inherent risks of brain trauma that cannot be substantially reduced. The cultural values and meanings attached to youth football inform these contemporary debates, as well as the possible future of America’s most popular sport.
Monitoring the compliance of sailing ships with fuel sulfur content regulations using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) measurements of ship emissions in open water
Authors: Zhou Fan , Hou Liwei , Zhong Rui , Chen Wei , Ni Xunpeng , Pan Shengda , Zhao Ming , An Bowen
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Due to technical and cost limitations, the monitoring of
emissions from ships sailing in open water within ship emission control
areas (ECAs) is relatively rare. The present study adopts a monitoring
method involving an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that takes off from a
patrol boat to measure the concentrations of SO2 and CO2 within
the plumes of sailing ships. Our method aims to provide a low-cost, remote
approach for estimating the fuel sulfur content (FSC) of sailing ships in
open water, which overcomes the limitations of ground-based and small-aircraft-based methods. The selected monitoring area was the Yangtze River
estuary, a domestic ECA with an FSC limit of 0.5 % (m∕m) implemented by
the Chinese government. A total of 27 sailing ships were monitored, 12 of
which were found to have an FSC of >0.5 % (m∕m). Moreover, the
FSCs of the sailing ships were found to be higher than those of berthing
ships in the study area. Based upon the online monitoring results, four of
the monitored ships were intercepted by maritime law enforcement, and
fuel samples were collected and analyzed in a laboratory; the results
confirmed that all four FSCs were >0.5 % (m∕m). Among them,
one offending ship was tracked down on 15 July 2019; this was the first
time that a sailing ship had been caught for having failed the FSC
regulations in China. Overall, the present study provides scientific support
for evaluating the effectiveness of ECA policies and recommends that
emissions from sailing ships be monitored more often in open
water in the future.
Geomorphometry-based modelling of discharge series in ungauged basins – Robustness regarding DEM sources
Authors: Ecrepont Stéphane , Cudennec Christophe
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The sensitivity of a geomorphology-based hydrological modelling is
evaluated according to four DEMs from 5 to 50 m resolution in Brittany,
France. A set of 8 basins (5–565.7 km2) is used in a
pseudo-ungauged context to explore the potential of Prediction in Ungauged
Basin (PUB). The results show that despite slight differences on the stream
networks extracted from DEMs and associated transfer functions, a
coarse-worldwide DEM such as SRTM (25 m) supported similar performances than
the finer French DEM (5 m) based on three validation indices. Finer DEMs may
be useful only on headwater basins to gain a marginal performance.
Evolution of Urban Flooding in China
Authors: Yan Dianyi , Liu Jiahong , Shao Weiwei , Mei Chao
Published: September 2020

Abstract. With the rapid development of cities in China, urban
flooding becomes a growing problem, which not only affect the living quality
of the public, but also threatens urban safety. Recently, urban flooding is
attached more attention. By analyzing and summarizing urban flooding data
from recent decades, which includes frequency, scope of influence, and
losses, the causes and status quo of urban flooding problems in China is
generalized from varied perspectives of urban climate change, urban
planning, urban construction, urban management and policy. The data shows
that the number of cities suffered from urban flooding increased by
approximately 30 % since 1980s, while the average frequency of urban flood
increased from nearly 1 time in every 2 years to more than 3 times per year
in some major cities that face serious urban flooding risks. Even for those
cities located in west-northern and semi-arid regions, such as Taiyuan in
Shanxi province, they also suffered from urban flooding. Prevention and
control measures like the constriction of sponge city, the upgrade of
drainage system, and the promotion of relative policies are suggested.
Improved understanding of the Senegal floodplain socio-hydrosystems with multi-scalar earth observations
Authors: Ogilvie Andrew , Poussin Jean-Christophe , Bader Jean-Claude , Martin Didier , Ndiaye Gora , Dia Djiby
Published: September 2020

Abstract. In semi-arid regions, the annual floods of alluvial
plains, wetlands and lakes provide essential services to millions of
farmers, livestock holders and fishers. The scale, number and dispersion of
these water bodies limit however their hydrological understanding, whose
complexity is exacerbated by the mutual interactions between water and
society. Rising availability of high spatial and temporal resolution remote
sensing imagery provide novel opportunities to improve the understanding of
the hydrology of multiple water bodies and of their ability to support local
livelihoods. Multi-scalar interdisciplinary research combining remote
sensing, in situ observations, hydrological modelling and farmer interviews
was developed to investigate multiple socio-hydrosystems in the Senegal
floodplain. Surface water monitoring with MNDWI on multi-spectral imagery
(Landsat 5, 7, 8 and Sentinel-2A) is used to identify intra-annual and
inter-annual variations in water availability. Validation against field
monitoring (R2=0.88) and photointerpretation of drone imagery
highlights the benefits of Sentinel's increased resolution to monitor floods
of minor surface area and duration and improve the representation of
hysteresis in floodplains. Integrated into forthcoming river basin
modelling, these results can help simulate the influence of upstream changes
on the hydrology and associated services of these complex socio-hydrosystems
and improve watershed management.
A review of the adaptability of hydrological models for drought forecasting
Authors: Xing Zikang , Ma Miaomiao , Su Zhicheng , Lv Juan , Yi Peng , Song Wenlong
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Drought intensity and frequency are increasing in recent years in multiple regions across the world due to global climate change and consequently drought forecasting research has received more and more attention. Previous studies on drought forecasting mostly focus on meteorological drought based on precipitation and temperature. However, the trend of predicting agriculture and hydrological drought, which consider soil moisture and runoff, have developed rapidly in recent years. Hydrological drought forecasting is based on the hydrological models and the model structure plays a role to improve predictions. This study scrutinized more than 50 hydrological models, including lumped models, semi-distributed models, distributed models, surface water and groundwater coupled models, to explore the adaptability of hydrological models in drought simulation and forecasting. The advantages and disadvantages of typical models, such as DTVGM, GWAVA, and HEC-HMS models were analyzed to provide valuable reference for drought forecasting model development. Future work aims at improving the hydrological models to simulate the drought processes and make better prediction.
La Edad de Plata de la literatura hispanofilipina (1946-1987)
Authors: Donoso Isaac
Published: September 2020

El periodo comprendido entre la independencia de Filipinas el año de 1946 y la abolición de la oficialidad de la lengua española en la constitución de 1987 constituye un momento literario en el cual la producción filipina en español pasa de ser la literatura nacional del país a ser una más de las literaturas marginales de un archipiélago políglota. En este artículo tratamos de interpretar algunas claves que expliquen este devenir y, al mismo tiempo, ofrecer una visión unitaria de fenómenos y autores que destaquen como “Edad de Plata” un periodo complejo de la producción literaria de una república asiática que tenía el español como una de sus lenguas oficiales.
Inter-Clan Conflicts in Somalia: When Peace Happen (Case Study Baidoa District, Bay Region)
Authors: Barrow Ibrahim Hassan
Published: September 2020

Various clans in Bay region have had conflicts over time onwards with the pastoral communities taking the lead. More specifically, Baidoa district has been registered several inter-clan conflicts within Digil and Mirifle tribe and sub tribes fighting over resources and political issues. This paper examines Inter-Clan Conflicts in Somalia with special reference to Baidoa district community. The study used descriptive research design. The target populations of this study were communities in Baidoa district. The study distributed questionnaire and purposive sampling due to security issue with 103 respondents of male and female who were more familiar with the background of inter-clan conflicts in Baidoa district. The data analyzed with SPSS version of 16.0. The findings show that land ownership dispute, pastures, water, and political power sharing and many other subjects are the major drivers of the inter-clan conflict amongst the communities in Baidoa district. Besides, the results also revealed that lack of rule of law and uncontrollable urbanization including internal displaced people has been frontline frequently rising of inter-clan conflicts due to occupying illegal lands without getting any permission by the land owner/state and many other unmanaged matters are still exist in Baidoa. Currently, the security situation in Baidoa district is quite good but not reliable because of Baidoa outskirts is under control of Al-Shabab militant. Peace is the heart and pillar upon with every life’s meaningful progress, security and social harmonize could be reach and continued in each nation’s life.
EUGENIO GUDIN E AS CONTRADIÇÕES LIBERAIS NA CONTROVÉRSIA DO PLANEJAMENTO
Authors: Pereira William Eufrásio Nunes , Tolentino Neto Leovigildo Melgaço
Published: September 2020

O Estado de Compromisso varguista é o ambiente onde aflorou o debate entre Eugenio Gudin e Roberto Simonsen. Esse período da Era Vargas ostentava um viés planejador, sendo responsável pela criação de diversos órgãos públicos no Brasil. Gudin era membro da Comissão de Planejamento Econômico (CPE), órgão integrante do Conselho de Segurança Nacional, que tinha como objetivo elaborar estudos sobre a economia brasileira. Simonsen era membro do Conselho Nacional de Política Industrial (CNPIC), órgão filiado ao Ministério do Trabalho, Indústria e Comércio. É no domínio da CNPIC que ocorre o começo da controvérsia sobre o planejamento. Esse órgão deveria discorrer sobre como o planejamento da economia brasileira seria implementado ao longo das próximas décadas. A mainstream do pensamento econômico brasileiro habitualmente classifica a atuação de Gudin como sofisticada e vencedora do debate. Esse artigo buscará rever essa atuação à luz de uma perspectiva mais ampla, a histórica-relativista. Essa abordagem está em concordância com os acontecimentos da época, que surgiram à luz da II Grande Guerra Mundial, constatando que Simonsen antecipou debates à frente do seu tempo, ao passo que a ideologia de Gudin tanto já se mostrava inadequada para o capitalismo daquele período, como foi pulverizada pelo desenvolvimento do capitalismo moderno.
O CONSUMO DE ENERGIA E EMISSÕES DE CO2 NA CADEIA BOVINA DE CORTE BRASILEIRA NO PERIODO DE 2000 A 2014:
Authors: Montoya Marco Antonio , Finamore Eduardo Belisário , Bertussi Luís Antônio Sleimann , Martins Costa Thelmo Vergara
Published: September 2020

Este artigo, com base nas matrizes energéticas e de emissões desagregadas e compatibilizadas com as matrizes insumo-produto do Brasil, aponta no final do período de 2000 a 2014 que a Cadeia Bovina de Corte foi responsável no agronegócio, por 8,00% do consumo de energia, por 5,50% das Emissões de CO2, por 14,20% do PIB e por 17,60% dos empregos. Os índices de intensidade e produtividade evidenciaram ganhos de eficiência no consumo de energia, uma trajetória de emissões mais limpas no meio ambiente e, um processo de modernização da cadeia dado o aumento da produtividade da mão de obra. Conclui-se, portanto, que a cadeia está conciliando suas atividades de produção com menores externalidades negativas sobre o meio ambiente.
Wring Out the Old: Squeezing the Text, 1951–2001
Authors: Berger Harry
Published: September 2020

This chapter focuses on the Bower of Bliss episode in Book 2, arguing that we should read it primarily as a “textual place.” Doing so enables us to deconstruct the witch Acrasia and her ally Phaedria as projections of misogyny and repressed masculine desire subject to the logic of the “castration principle.”
Actaeon at the Hinder Gate: The Stag Party in Spenser’s Gardens of Adonis
Authors: Berger Harry
Published: September 2020

This chapter approaches the Garden of Adonis and surrounding passages in Book 3 by way of the misogynistic career of Orpheus in Ovid’s Metamorphoses. The argument identifies a citational and anthological interlace of traditional discourses—among them the Petrarchan, the Ovidian, the Neoplatonic, the chivalric, the courtly, the goliardic, and the pastoral—all represented as ideological strategies for defending or legitimating male dominance and desire, and for justifying the instrumental functions of woman in the patriarchal mode of reproduction. Close attention to the text shows that its own “citational” strategies create “internal distance” upon these ideological defenses, making them an object of criticism.
Feeling Dead, Dead Feeling
Authors: Hollywood Amy
Published: September 2020

What does it mean to read and write devoutly, religiously, mystically—even, or especially, if one’s reading or writing qualifies for none of these adverbs in any conventional sense? What, in particular, does it mean to read and write about death and dying in these affective registers? These are the questions that animate this essay, a deeply personal dialogue with selected literary authors that smudges the line between literature and criticism and is less a discourse on affect than an immersion in affect. The author of the essay approaches her chosen literary works—literature with which she has bonded—as both fragmentary inscriptions of the divine and articulations of complex affects that exceed individual subjectivity. Difficult literature, for this author—reading it, writing it—is valuable training for the intractable difficulty of death.
Apocalyptic Aftershocks in al-Ṭāhir Waṭṭār’s Al-zilzāl
Authors: El Shakry Hoda
Published: September 2020

Chapter 3 explores the use of Qurʾanic imagery and intertextuality in al-Ṭāhir Waṭṭār’s (1936–2010) apocalyptic 1974 novel al-Zilzāl [the Earthquake]. The novel follows the misanthropic Shaykh ʿAbd al-Majīd Bū al-Arwāḥ as his capitalist aspirations are thwarted by Algerian socialist reforms and increasingly prescient images of the earthquake of the Day of Resurrection. Its satirical portrayal of Bū al-Arwāḥ calls attention to the complicity of the religious elite with French colonialism. By reworking the symbols and mythology of Islamic eschatology, al-Zilzāl challenges hegemonic discourses of Arabism and Islamism in Algerian nationalist discourse. The chapter reads the novel against the grain of Waṭṭār’s own false binary of Arabic (national) and Francophone (non-national) literature. It does so by examining the work’s generic hybridity, conscious manipulation of narrative time and space, as well as its incorporation of the Qurʾan alongside various registers of the Arabic language.
Tense Eruptions in Driss Chraïbi’s Le passé simple
Authors: El Shakry Hoda
Published: September 2020

Chapter 5 analyzes Driss Chraïbi’s (1926–2007) controversial 1954 novel Le passé simple [the Simple Past], which traces the rebellion of nineteen-year-old Driss Ferdi against his seemingly pious wealthy father Haj Ferdi. Readings of the novel as an orientalist portrayal of Moroccan culture and a heretical attack on Islam resulted in a decades-long controversy known as l’affaire Chraïbi, as well as a government ban until 1977. The novel stages a double-critique against colonial and nationalist teleologies—a tension that emerges most explicitly in its engagement with the Qurʾan. The chapter investigates the novel’s critique of imbricated modes of genealogical historical inscription under Protectorate Morocco: French imperial discourses of civil society and the Moroccan monarchy’s, and Hajj Ferdi’s, filiation with the Prophet Muhammad. It argues that Chraïbi offers an alternative mode of ethical agency in the recurring image of la ligne mince [the thin line]: a hallucinatory apparition with Qurʾanic and Sufi valences that haunts the narrator throughout the novel.
Threads of Transmission in Muḥammad Barrāda’s Luʿbat al-nisyān
Authors: El Shakry Hoda
Published: September 2020

Literary critic and novelist Muḥammad Barrāda’s (b.1938) experimental 1987 Luʿbat al-Nisyān [the Game of Forgetting] is considered the Arabic postmodernist novel par excellence. The “nuṣ riwāʾī” [novelistic text] oscillates between historical, narrative, and meta-narrative time, as well as between diegetic and meta-textual narrators. Rather than aligning its authorial decentering and rhizomatic narrative structure with the collapsing of theological discourse as a totalizing force, this chapter reads Luʿbat al-Nisyān through Qurʾanic narratology and intertextuality. It situates the novel, on the one hand, in relation to Barrāda’s extensive critical writings on literary experimentation [tajrīb] and translation of Mikhail Bakhtin. On the other, it theorizes the work through narrative and formal modes and inflected by the Qurʾan—such as iltifāt, or rhetorical code-switching. Moreover, Luʿbat al-Nisyān’s use of multiple narrative perspectives and genealogies critically interrogates the hermeneutical practices surrounding the documentation, verification, and transmission of the apostolic tradition of hadith.
Al-Shidyaq’s Decadent Carnival
Authors: Fieni David
Published: September 2020

This chapter shows how al-Shidyaq’s novel, Al-Saq ‘ala al-Saq (Leg Over Leg), produces a radical critique of the supposed philological decadence of the Arabic language. The text does this through a carnivalization of Arabic, where the author generates the kind of ambivalence that is constitutive of the category of grotesque realism in Bakhtin’s account of the carnivalesque. By articulating the subaltern status of Arabs under Ottoman rule in a language marked by dynamism, excess, and proliferation, al-Shidyaq is able to make powerlessness and disease signify awakening and renaissance. The novel challenges the Eurocentric origins of the novelistic form while simultaneously disproving, in raucous fashion, both the Orientalist thesis of the decadence of Semitic languages and cultures and the self-diagnosis of the Arab nahda that sought to cleanse Arabic of tradition to modernize it.
Surviving Marius
Authors: McGlazer Ramsey
Published: September 2020

This chapter considers Walter Pater’s late-career engagements with the old school and “mechanical exercise.” The chapter argues that these engagements index a refusal of the liberalism that Pater’s earlier work embraced. Whereas Pater’s readers have tended to understand this refusal as a “retreat,” this chapter reads Pater’s turn to mechanical and pedagogical—as well as ritual—forms as critical rather than reactionary or nostalgic. As he challenges what he sees as an impoverishment of thought, imagination, and memory in the present—a loss of contact with the past’s “complications of influence”—Pater returns repeatedly to “the older method” of instruction in his late essays, lectures, and fiction. Through their engagement with this method and other “survivals” from the past, these texts, including Marius the Epicurean, indirectly make the case for the old school. Pater shows that such a school produces or enforces a sociality that is at once temporal and spatial and thus contrasts starkly with the new school advocated by reformers, which isolates the individual student whom it privileges. Pater instead teaches us to affirm the relations that progressive education denies, relations that sustain a “reserve” that is also a minimal resistance.
Radical Botany: An Introduction
Authors: Meeker Natania , Szabari Antónia
Published: September 2020

This chapter uncovers a tradition of radical botany in which plants participate in the effort to imagine new worlds and envision new futures. Offshoots of this tradition wend their way from the seventeenth century into the twenty-first, moving through different historical periods and cultural frameworks and gradually taking on global significance. In a context where modernity is often equated with the exploitation and brutalization of nature, the authors, critics, filmmakers, and theorists whose works are introduced here develop an understanding of vegetality as driving the production of technology, scientific knowledge, and new media forms. This chapter includes a survey of critical plant studies (including the work of Michael Marder, Jeffrey T. Nealon, and Natasha Myers) to show how, in this emergent field, plants remain partners with humans in modernity, even as both plants and humans find themselves under threat by forces that vastly outstrip their abilities to master, grasp, or model them.
Jenny
Authors: Thayer Willy
Published: September 2020

This chapter looks at how Karl Marx figures the expanded circulation of capital as it spread around the planet in the becoming of the spinning Jenny, a complex machine-tool and the epitome of the Industrial Revolution. It highlights the power of the Jenny, such that Marx granted it the status of an event that reveals itself posthumously as the trace of the Industrial Revolution. The Jenny, a complex machine-tool, is a mechanism that executes functions that are analogous to those carried out by artisanal labor power that uses similar tools. The chapter also looks at how the Jenny broke out of the limits imposed by the working body-machine of fixed, endogenous, specialized terminals of the artisanal mode of production. As a mechanical body, the Jenny had already been dreamed of in the seventeenth century by René Descartes in his Treatise on Man, but which might best be referred to as a Treatise on Artificial Man.
The Absolute Drought of Critique
Authors: Thayer Willy
Published: September 2020

This chapter looks at Walter Benjamin's essay “Critique of Violence” in 1921. In the essay, it explains that violence is representational sovereignty that declares the state of exception, be it to found or to conserve regimes of representation. It points out how more foundation, representation, and catastrophe involves becoming more regular and familiar with violence. Absolute knowledge and recollection would be the absolute drought of critique or destruction. The chapter highlights the “Critique of Violence”, which is a critique of sovereign right itself and a critique of the violent opening of initiation in which it consists. It further explains Benjamin's essay and its discussion on violence as the dialectic that puts exception to work for the triumphal cortege of representation, establishing a continuum between violation and progress.
Unsaved Time
Authors: Bray Karen
Published: September 2020

Chapter two, “Unsaved Time,” uncovers the temporal structures nurtured by the eschatological and counter-eschatological orientations within radical orthodox and radical theologies. It then places such temporalities into dialogue with: Shelly Rambo’s Holy Saturday theology; the queer temporalities of Heather Love, José Muñoz, and Elizabeth Freeman; and Robin James’s feminist critique of resilience. From this dialogue is constructed the concept of bipolar time as a Saturday and mad resistance to neoliberal time. Bipolar time, a time saturated by unnerving feelings, can offer ways in which we might better learn to touch and feel a counter-capitalist hope in mania, depression, and their interpenetration. In practicing both the fall into the bed and the flight into the world, bipolar time seeks not a final end to its penetrative flows of despair and desire (a Sunday for its Friday), but rather questions the very nature of resurrection. It gravely attends to, or pauses to care for, our own damage in ways that reveal what has been, what might have been, and what might be.
Introduction
Authors: See Sam , Herring Scott , Love Heather , Moffat Wendy
Published: September 2020

Abstract and Keywords to be supplied.
The Cruelty of Breeding: Queer Time in The Waste Land
Authors: See Sam , Herring Scott , Love Heather , Moffat Wendy
Published: September 2020

Reproductive sexuality is the inevitable precondition for what is actually wasted in The Waste Land. The poem exists in a dialectical queer time that simultaneously propels, reverses, and freezes the motion of heterotemporality.
The effect of peripheral neuropathy on daily life activities in patients receiving chemotherapy
Authors: Bicakci Ezgi , Akgün Meftun
Published: September 2020

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between pain and pain related factors associated with peripheral neuropathy and daily life activities in patients receiving chemotherapy.Methods: The study used a descriptive and cross-sectional design to examine 80 patients who came to the outpatient chemotherapy unit of two university hospitals to receive chemotherapy drugs such as taxane, platinum analogs and vinca alkaloids. The data were collected by using face-to-face interview method through “General Information Form”, “S-LANSS Pain Scale” that is a bedside test for distinctive diagnosis of neuropathic pain and “Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ)” which is a scale prepared by the researcher and measures daily activities to evaluate physical disability.Results: In the group with neuropathic pain, HAQ scores (p = .003; p < .01) and S-LANSS scores (p = .005; p < .01) of the patients who did not have hand-foot complaints prior to the treatment but experienced hand-foot discomfort with the beginning of chemotherapy treatment, were found to be statistically significantly higher. There was a statistically significant positive relation between HAQ score and S-LANSS pain score at the level of 61.2% (r = 0.612; p = .001; p < .01).Conclusions: It was concluded that the symptoms of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN) and related pain and pain-related factors negatively affect the level of doing daily life activities.
Commercial thinning effects on growth, yield and mortality in natural lodgepole pine stands in Alberta
Authors: Gupta Sanatan Das , Pinno Bradley D. , McCready Tim
Published: September 2020

There is an expected decrease in the short to mid-term timber supply of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) in Alberta, Canada due to the impacts of past fires and the mountain pine beetle outbreak. Commercial thinning is a potential option for increasing mid-term sawlog timber supply by decreasing the time needed for individual trees to reach merchantable size, through providing access to fiber earlier in the rotation, and from the ability to keep mature stands on the stump longer. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of commercial thinning in stands of different ages. Stands less than 70 years old at thinning were classified as commercial thinning (CT), whereas stands greater than 70 years at thinning were classified as salvage thinning (ST). Tree growth and survival were measured every five years from 1996 to 2016 in both thinned and unthinned stands. Fifteen years post-thinning, stand volume was less in the thinned stands relative to the unthinned controls. However, when volume removed at thinning was considered, volume gain from thinned stands was greater than that from the controls in both thinning treatments. Individual tree DBH and live crown ratio were also greater in thinned stands relative to controls. Thinning favored diameter gain mostly in the medium-sized trees in CT but both small to medium-sized trees in ST. Thinning reduced mortality in all stands relative to the controls and a maximum of 50% reduction in mortality was observed in CT. Overall, the findings suggest that natural lodgepole pine stands may respond to commercial thinning with a net gain in cumulative volume at final harvest.
Estudos dos Fatores Contribuintes para a Mortalidade das Micro e Pequenas Empresas do Estado do Maranhão
Authors: Alvarenga Rodrigo Arraes
Published: September 2020

Enterprises are taking on an increasingly important role in society, both in the generation of employment and income, as in identifying niche markets not identified by large corporations. However, year after year a significant number of these companies end their activities. In this sense, the objective of this study was to identify and characterize the causes that contributed to the mortality of the State of Maranhão micro enterprises from 2005 to 2011. Thus, this research is classified as descriptive and explanatory, given the search for the identification of factors which led to the closure of activities, and a description of the characteristics of the owners of these organizations. The study sample of 3,752 companies, compared to a population of 39,039. And for economically viable research, it was used as a strategy for data collection a Call Center given by a dealership located in Bacabal - MA. Two months after making at least two connections for each entrepreneur, it was concluded that of the 10 cases tested, 6 had substantial involvement in the bankruptcy of the companies studied. Finally, recommendations are made for further studies, recommending a study that seeks to identify what activity the entrepreneur has ended after his venture.
Introduction
Authors: Prieto Gabriel , Sandweiss Daniel H.
Published: September 2020

Chapter 1 places the volume in historical and theoretical contexts. It includes a detailed summary of each chapter and suggests directions for future research. In brief review, the archaeological study of Andean Maritime Communities in the Central Andes can be traced back to the beginning of the twentieth century to an article about the prehistoric fishermen of the Peruvian central coast. Since then, a number of scholars have devoted significant attention to the importance of the sea in ancient Prehispanic societies. These studies have focused on marine iconography and ideology, watercraft and fishing technology, diet and protein input provided by marine products, and climatic changes that have been affecting fishermen populations since the Pleistocene Epoch.
Maritime Communities and Coastal Andean Urbanization
Authors: Helmer Matthew
Published: September 2020

Chapter 6 discusses the Early Horizon, first millennium BC site of Samanco (450 to 150 cal BC), near the shore in the Nepeña valley on the north coast of Peru. Fishing and shellfishing were important, as was agriculture, with maize as the most important crop. Samanco was a food production center supplying inland polities with subsistence goods from the sea and from fields in the Nepeña delta. Trade in local, utilitarian goods was a defining feature of Samanco identity.
Maritime Adaptations at Cerro Azul, Peru
Authors: Marcus Joyce , Flannery Kent V. , Sommer Jeffrey , Reynolds Robert G.
Published: September 2020

Chapter 13 discusses Late Intermediate Period (~1000–1400 cal AD) and 20th-century fishing at Cerro Azul, a large site in the Cañete Valley on the Peruvian coast south of Lima. The authors provide data on the effects of the 1982–83 El Niño event on the local fisheries and use these data to examine the Cerro Azul zooarchaeological assemblage for evidence of El Niño events; they did not find signs of El Niño although events occurred while the site was inhabited.
Bringing Women Together, in Theory
Authors: Pease Allison
Published: September 2020

“Bringing Women Together, in Theory” explores which theories allow feminist modernist scholars to treat as worthy subjects of study more women writers than just those representative few about whom most monographs have been written, thus levelling the playing field between so-called major and minor writers. In the late twentieth-century the historically tense relationship between feminist criticism’s roots in liberal humanism, even as it has had to argue against its definitional constraints, put it in conceptual tension with post-structuralist theory from which feminist theory stemmed. These differences created a contentious and hierarchical relationship in the late-twentieth century between feminist scholars of modernism from which we may now just be emerging. This chapter analyzes the work of May Sinclair and also explores affect theory, low theory, transvaluation, and skepticism.
Ritual Practice, Urbanization, and Sociopolitical Organization at Preclassic Ceibal, Guatemala
Authors: Burham Melissa , Inomata Takeshi , Triadan Daniela , MacLellan Jessica
Published: September 2020

In Chapter 4, Melissa Burham and colleagues examine urban growth, monumentality, and local community formation during the Late Preclassic period at Ceibal, Guatemala. Rather than focusing on the monumental epicenter of the site, the authors turn to the small communities that grew around the site core, each anchored by a minor-temple complex. Though smaller than temples in the site core, these community temples nonetheless represent monumental constructions that required considerable communal effort to build and maintain over an ever-expanding area. In this way, Burham and her coauthors consider how scale informs the definition of monumentality. Chapter 4 draws together various lines of evidence, including excavation and mapping data from Harvard’s previous work at the site and newer data from the current project, to spatially define communities and examine the role of minor temples and ritual in fostering local group identities.
From Urban Core to Vacant Terrain
Authors: Harrison-Buck Eleanor , Willis Mark D. , Walker Chester P. , Murata Satoru , Burg Marieka Brouwer
Published: September 2020

In Chapter 5, Eleanor Harrison-Buck and colleagues describe their use of drones to quickly and economically map roughly 7 km2 of plowed fields at the site of Saturday Creek in the middle Belize River Valley. They argue that Saturday Creek was a central node on the landscape from Preclassic to Colonial times, serving as an important crossroads between east-west and north-south transportation routes. The authors consider the dense settlement around the site core of Saturday Creek to be part of a larger monumental landscape and consider activities taking place in the vacant terrain on the fringes of the peri-urban settlement—what they refer to as the “heterotopia” (borrowing from Foucault). These spaces were separate from the settlement, but integral to its operation and included environments such as the pine ridge that served as an important transportation corridor, vast tracts of wetlands with ditched and drained agricultural fields, and broad floodplains with rich alluvial soils, which were likely places of cacao cultivation. The authors conclude that these “heterotopian” spaces in the monumental landscape are important to consider in settlement studies because they played a vital role in maintaining long-term, dense populations in urban and peri-urban centers like Saturday Creek.
Caracol’s Impact on the Landscape of the Classic Period Maya
Authors: Chase Diane Z. , Chase Arlen F. , Chase Adrian S. Z.
Published: September 2020

Diane Chase and colleagues discuss one of the largest Classic-period Maya sites that ever existed, Caracol, Belize, in Chapter 6. Using over 30 years of data from the site, the authors examine four components of Caracol’s monumental landscape: the site’s plazuela groups, its causeway system, its reservoir system, and its agricultural terraces. Extensive excavation, mapping, and LiDAR data demonstrate that Caracol’s expansive territory was a heavily modified landscape, with considerable evidence for centralized planning. Mapped onto this planned landscape at Caracol is evidence for economic integration and centrally directed social engineering in the form of “symbolic egalitarianism.” As large and populous as Caracol was, it is not surprising that the city’s rulers extended their influence beyond the kingdom’s immediate territory and onto the larger geopolitical landscape of the Late Classic period. Chase and colleagues broaden the concept of monumentality to consider strategic political nodes on the landscape and inter-polity interactions on a truly regional scale. The authors close their chapter with a consideration of the roles of human decision making and climate change in the final abandonment of the kingdom.
All the World’s a Stage
Authors: Houk Brett A. , Booher Ashley
Published: September 2020

Approaching monumentality and politics at an epicentral-scale, Houk and Ashley Booher use a site-planning approach in chapter 8 to argue that the Late Classic rulers of Chan Chich, Belize designed major architectural components of the site to function as the theater for public spectacles and processions. The authors are able to demonstrate evidence for rituals’ having taken place along the two causeways and at their termini structures, as well as an apparent functional relationship between one causeway and an associated courtyard. Ritual, in this case, was actually the means to a political end. As Houk and Booher show, converting the monumental landscape of Chan Chich into a vast stage for public spectacle and ritual processions required considerable planning, labor, and resources. The Late Classic rulers at Chan Chich and other sites spent vast resources on the architecture of political theater as an exercise in community building and regional competition for labor, loyalty, and prestige.
La Corona
Authors: Canuto Marcello A. , Barrientos Q. Tomás
Published: September 2020

Chapter 9 explores the political landscape of the Late Classic Kaanul kingdom. Marcello A. Canuto and Tomás Barrientos Q. consider the role of secondary centers in the geopolitical landscape of the lowlands during the Late Classic period, using La Corona, Guatemala as a case study. In Chapter 9, Canuto and Barrientos Q. demonstrate that the relationship between the Kaanul hegemony and La Corona was much more complicated than simple political alliance. Kaanul’s complex interaction with its secondary center reveals some of the tools it used to create a monumental political landscape, including, in the case of La Corona, manipulating the local power structure, the community’s social organization, and even its sacred history.
Monumental Landscapes as Instruments of Radical Economic Change
Authors: Demarest Arthur A. , Victor Bart I. , Andrieu Chloé , Torres Paola
Published: September 2020

In Chapter 13, Demarest and collaborators present evidence from the southwestern frontier Classic Maya port city of Cancuen that can help explain the nature of the southern lowlands’ economic decline by contrasting it with Cancuen’s late eighth century economic transformations and meteoric florescence; while other western Petén dynasties disintegrated, Cancuen flourished. One element of this apogee was the creation of new forms of monumental and ritual settings to recruit and maintain non-Maya economic exchange partners. This “innovation network” came to control critical routes and resources leading to changes in management, production, and economic power. However, as with many high-risk “innovation partnership networks,” success was truncated by abrupt network failure. Evaluation of this phenomenon by economists provides insights into ancient Maya economy and the role of monumentality in both its legitimation and transformation.
Latinization, Landscapes, and Soundscapes
Authors: Delerme Simone
Published: September 2020

Chapter 2 traces the long-term impact of Latino migration and the Latinization of communities. The chapter highlights the economic, cultural, and political influence of these newcomers by focusing on both the landscape and soundscape in the suburbs of Osceola County. The different ways that the demographic changes were talked about, understood, and sometimes contested are documented. Chapter 2 reveals how transformations to the landscape and soundscape and language ideologies impact racial identities, migrant incorporation, and the response to Latino migrants. These ideas or language ideologies reveal how linguistic practices are racialized along with other practices, physical characteristics, and signifiers of identity. Thus, this chapter begins to grapple with the complexity of race relations in the region by drawing attention to the circulation of racial anger, feelings of white exclusion, and the move to confine linguistic differences to the home.
The Encargado System
Authors: Delerme Simone
Published: September 2020

Chapter 5 focuses on the residential spaces where ethnographic fieldwork was conducted. The encargado system, a method of profiteering through a system of subletting space to other migrants, is documented. Familial bonds between residents are described as well as conflicts that arise. Additionally, the chapter reflects on the ethnic identities of residents and their relationships with other Latinos.