bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electroactive polymer–peptide conjugates for adhesive biointerfaces
Authors: Maione Silvana , Gil Ana M. , Fabregat Georgina , del Valle Luis J. , Triguero Jordi , Laurent Adele , Jacquemin Denis , Estrany Francesc , Jiménez Ana I. , Zanuy David , Cativiela Carlos , Alemán Carlos
Published: July 2015

Conducting-polymer–peptide conjugates with controlled properties have been used as soft bioelectroactive supports for cell attachment.
Polystyrene sphere-mediated ultrathin graphene sheet-assembled frameworks for high-power density Li–O2 batteries
Authors: Yu Chang , Zhao Changtai , Liu Shaohong , Fan Xiaoming , Yang Juan , Zhang Mengdi , Qiu Jieshan
Published: July 2015

Polystyrene sphere-mediated ultrathin graphene sheet-assembled aerogels were configured, exhibiting high energy density and power density for Li–O2 batteries.
Isolation of a Lewis base stabilized parent phosphenium (PH2+) and related species
Authors: Liu Liu Leo , Ruiz David A. , Dahcheh Fatme , Bertrand Guy
Published: July 2015

The parent phosphenium ion (PH2+), and even any phosphenium salts bearing a hydrogen (HRP+), had never been observed, but can be isolated using a bulky NHC. Computational investigations show that most of the positive charge is localized at phosphorus.
Theoretical and experimental studies on the atmospheric degradation of 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene
Authors: Chen Weiwang , Zhou Xiaomeng , Han Yajun
Published: July 2015

2-Bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (2-BTP) is applied in confined places as a potential Halon replacement. This work reports the atmospheric degradation products and the mechanism of 2-BTP, and results show BTP to be an environmentally acceptable compound.
Reversibility and two state behaviour in the thermal unfolding of oligomeric TIM barrel proteins
Authors: Romero-Romero Sergio , Costas Miguel , Rodríguez-Romero Adela , Fernández-Velasco D. Alejandro
Published: July 2015

The reversible thermal unfolding of oligomeric TIM barrels results from a delicate balance of physicochemical properties related to the sequence, the native and unfolded states and the transition between them.
A facile one-pot synthesis of blue and red luminescent thiol stabilized gold nanoclusters: a thorough optical and microscopy study
Authors: Pal Nabin Kumar , Kryschi Carola
Published: July 2015

Ultrasmall blue and red luminescent 1-dodecanethiol terminated gold clusters were synthesized concurrently at the same pot using a simple two step process.
Direct measurements of the interactions between clathrate hydrate particles and water droplets
Authors: Liu Chenwei , Li Mingzhong , Zhang Guodong , Koh Carolyn A.
Published: July 2015

Cyclopentane hydrate particle–droplet interactions and the effects of several fundamental factors have been systematically investigated.
Semitransparent polymer solar cells with simultaneously improved efficiency and color rendering index
Authors: Yu Wenjuan , Jia Xu , Yao Mengnan , Zhu Linghui , Long Yongbing , Shen Liang
Published: July 2015

We demonstrate a high performance STPSC with a significantly improved CRI of 91 and a PCE of 5.01% by introducing 1DPCs.
Influence of calcination on performance of Bi–Ni–O/gamma-alumina catalyst for n-butane oxidative dehydrogenation to butadiene
Authors: Rabindran Jermy B. , Asaoka S. , Al-Khattaf S.
Published: July 2015

Influence of calcination on the binary-metal oxide 30 wt% Bi-20 wt% Ni–O/gamma-Al2O3 catalyst was studied for n-butane oxidative dehydrogenation to 1,3-butadiene.
A modular approach for molecular recognition by zinc dipicolinate complexes
Authors: Shankar Krapa , Kirillov Alexander M. , Baruah Jubaraj B.
Published: July 2015

Recognition of 4-nitrophenol guest molecules by stacking and H-bonding interactions with a 4,4′-bipyridinium zinc dipicolinate host was found and investigated in detail.
Synthesis of a flexible macrocyclic tetraimidazolium salt–precursor for a tetracarbene ligand with metal dependent coordination modes
Authors: Schulte to Brinke Christian , Ekkehardt Hahn F.
Published: July 2015

The flexibly bridged macrocyclic tetra-NHC ligand 4 reacts with d8 transition metal ions to yield mononuclear complexes of type [M(4)](PF6)2 (M = Ni, Pd, Pt) while reaction with Ag+ yields the tetranuclear sandwich-type octacarbene complex [Ag4(4)2](PF6)4.
A comprehensive view of global potential for hydro-generated electricity
Authors: Zhou Y. , Hejazi M. , Smith S. , Edmonds J. , Li H. , Clarke L. , Calvin K. , Thomson A.
Published: July 2015

This study provides the first comprehensive quantification of global hydropower potential including gross, technical, economic, and exploitable estimates.
A novel Alaska pollack-derived peptide, which increases glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells, lowers the blood glucose level in diabetic mice
Authors: Ayabe Tatsuhiro , Mizushige Takafumi , Ota Wakana , Kawabata Fuminori , Hayamizu Kohsuke , Han Li , Tsuji Tomoko , Kanamoto Ryuhei , Ohinata Kousaku
Published: July 2015

We found that the tryptic digest of Alaska pollack protein (APP) and novel APP-derived peptide exhibited a glucose-lowering effect in KK-Ay mice, a type II diabetic mice.
Isolation and antitumor efficacy evaluation of a polysaccharide from Nostoc commune Vauch.
Authors: Guo Min , Ding Guo-Bin , Guo Songjia , Li Zhuoyu , Zhao Liangqi , Li Ke , Guo Xiangrong
Published: July 2015

A polysaccharide fromNostoc communeVauch. (NVPS) was characterized and its antitumor efficacy was elucidated.
Synthesis of 2-phenylnaphthalenes from styrene oxides using a recyclable Brønsted acidic [HNMP]+HSO4− ionic liquid
Authors: Wagh Kishor V. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M.
Published: July 2015

A novel and efficient methodology for the synthesis of 2-phenylnaphthalenes from styrene oxides using a recyclable [HNMP]+HSO4− ionic liquid catalyst with high atom efficiency has been developed. The reaction works smoothly under metal-, acid-, additive- and solvent-free conditions along with excellent yield.
Extracellular matrix stiffness modulates VEGF calcium signaling in endothelial cells: individual cell and population analysis
Authors: Derricks Kelsey E. , Trinkaus-Randall Vickery , Nugent Matthew A.
Published: July 2015

Endothelial cell responses to VEGF are heterogeneous and vary with ECM stiffness. We analyzed individual cell responses to VEGF as a function of substrate stiffness to identify unique clusters of cell signaling dynamics.
Cascade rearrangement of furylcarbinols with hydroxylamines: practical access to densely functionalized cyclopentane derivatives
Authors: Veits Gesine K. , Wenz Donald R. , Palmer Leoni I. , St. Amant André H. , Hein Jason E. , Read de Alaniz Javier
Published: July 2015

The aza-Piancatelli rearrangement with hydroxylamines to 4-aminocyclopentenones is described. Subsequent transformations highlight the versatility of the cyclopentene scaffold and the value of the hydroxylamine in this transformation.
Dynamic constitutional frameworks (DCFs) as nanovectors for cellular delivery of DNA
Authors: Turin-Moleavin Ioana-Andreea , Doroftei Florica , Coroaba Adina , Peptanariu Dragos , Pinteala Mariana , Salic Adrian , Barboiu Mihail
Published: July 2015

We introduce Dynamic Constitutional Frameworks (DCFs), macromolecular structures that efficiently bind and transfect double stranded DNA.
Fragmentation of structural units of lignin promoted by persulfate through selective C–C cleavage under mild conditions
Authors: Luo Fei-Xian , Zhou Tai-Gang , Li Xin , Luo Yun-Lei , Shi Zhang-Jie
Published: July 2015

A high selectivity and activity for the fragmentation of β-O-4 and β-1 lignin models to high-value chemicals were achieved by using persulfate.
The effect of mesoporous silica nanoparticle surface chemistry and concentration on the α-synuclein fibrillation
Authors: Taebnia Nayere , Morshedi Dina , Doostkam Mohsen , Yaghmaei Soheila , Aliakbari Farhang , Singh Gurvinder , Arpanaei Ayyoob
Published: July 2015

Surface chemistry/charge and concentration of mesoporous silica nanoparticles have a great impact on the fibrillation process of α-Syn protein.
Preparation and characterization of MWCNTs functionalized by N-(3-nitrobenzylidene)-N′-trimethoxysilylpropyl-ethane-1,2-diamine for the removal of aluminum(iii) ions via complexation with eriochrome cyanine R: spectrophotometric detection and optimization
Authors: Nasiri Azad F. , Ghaedi M. , Dashtian K. , Montazerozohori M. , Hajati S. , Alipanahpour E.
Published: July 2015

A novel adsorbent was fabricated by covalently anchoring N-(3-nitro-benzylidene)-N′-trimethoxysilylpropyl-ethane-1,2-diamine onto multiwalled carbon nanotubes (NBATSPED-MWCNTs).
Facile surface tailoring of metal oxide nanoparticles via a two-step modification approach
Authors: Kockmann A. , Hesselbach J. , Zellmer S. , Kwade A. , Garnweitner G.
Published: July 2015

We present a versatile two-step approach that allows a rational tailoring of the surface properties of metal oxide nanoparticles, showing many benefits e.g. for the realization of optimized particle–matrix interfaces in nanocomposites.
In situ tracking of defect healing and purification of single-wall carbon nanotubes with laser radiation by time-resolved Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Souza N. , Zeiger M. , Presser V. , Mücklich F.
Published: July 2015

Fine-tuned localised laser heating of pristine or mechanically dispersed (for composite processing) SWCNTs resulting in precision healing and purification.
Doxorubicin loaded chitosan–ZnO hybrid nanospheres combining cell imaging and cancer therapy
Authors: Zhao Huiyue , Lv Pin , Huo Da , Zhang Chao , Ding Yin , Xu Peipei , Hu Yong
Published: July 2015

ZnO QDs, encapsulated in chitosan NPs showed great fluorescent stability, which conferred them promising applications in living tumor research as both cell fluorescent labels and drug carriers.
Fabrication of superhydrophobic bamboo timber based on an anatase TiO2 film for acid rain protection and flame retardancy
Authors: Li Jingpeng , Zheng Huanhuan , Sun Qingfeng , Han Shenjie , Fan Bitao , Yao Qiufang , Yan Chenye , Jin Chunde
Published: July 2015

A facile method for fabricating superhydrophobic bamboo timber based on an anatase TiO2 film for acid rain protection and flame retardancy is described in the present work.
Thermal decomposition based synthesis of Ag-In-S/ZnS quantum dots and their chlorotoxin-modified micelles for brain tumor cell targeting
Authors: Chen Siqi , Ahmadiantehrani Mojtaba , Publicover Nelson G. , Hunter Kenneth W. , Zhu Xiaoshan
Published: July 2015

High quality cadmium-free silver-indium-sulfide (Ag-In-S or AIS) quantum dots (QDs) and their core–shell structures (AIS/ZnS QDs) were synthesized in a thermal decomposition system and applied for cellular imaging.
Synthesis of a smart Janus-like supramolecular polymer based on the host–guest chemistry and its self-assembly
Authors: Yang Long , Guo Yinzhou , Lei Zhongli
Published: July 2015

We report on the double stimuli-responsive self-assembly of a Janus-like supramolecular polymer based on the host–guest chemistry.
Hybrid MnO2/C nano-composites on a macroporous electrically conductive network for supercapacitor electrodes
Authors: Wu Dajun , Xu Shaohui , Li Mai , Zhang Chi , Zhu Yiping , Xu Yuwei , Zhang Weiwei , Huang Rong , Qi Ruijuan , Wang Lianwei , Chu Paul K.
Published: July 2015

Hybrid MnO2/C nano-composites are formed on a macroporous electrically conductive network as a negative electrode. Three devices packaged in CR2032 batteries in series can power a blue LED for about 100 minutes after charging each hybrid device for 30 s.
Sulfur synchronously electrodeposited onto exfoliated graphene sheets as a cathode material for advanced lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Zhang Liyuan , Huang Hui , Yin Hailin , Xia Yang , Luo Jianmin , Liang Chu , Gan Yongping , Tao Xinyong , Zhang Wenkui
Published: July 2015

A novel synthesis of graphene–sulfur composites is designed by electrolytic exfoliation of graphite coupled with in situ electrodeposition of sulfur.
Electrodeposition of flower-like nickel oxide on CVD-grown graphene to develop an electrochemical non-enzymatic biosensor
Authors: Rengaraj Arunkumar , Haldorai Yuvaraj , Kwak Cheol Hwan , Ahn Seungbae , Jeon Ki-Joon , Park Seok Hoon , Han Young-Kyu , Huh Yun Suk
Published: July 2015

An enzyme-free electrochemical cholesterol sensor based on a flower-like NiO/high-quality graphene nanocomposite.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: r-process nucleosynthesis in the MHD+neutrino-heated collapsar jet
Authors: Nakamura K. , Kajino T. , Mathews G. J. , Sato S. , Harikae S.
Published: July 2015

It has been proposed that the collapsar scenario for long-duration gamma ray bursts is a possible astrophysical site for r-process nucleosynthesis. Here we present r-process nucleosynthesis calculations based upon a model for a MHD+neutrino-heated collapsar jet. We utilize a relativistic magnetohydrodynamic model that includes ray-tracing neutrino transport to describe the development of the black hole accretion disk and the neutrino heating of the funnel region above the black hole. The late time evolution of the collapsar jet is then evolved using axisymmetric special relativistic hydrodynamics. We employ representative test particles to follow the trajectories in density, temperature, entropy, and electron fraction for material flowing from the accretion disk into the jet until they are several thousand km above the black hole. The evolution of nuclear abundances from nucleons to heavy nuclei for ejected test particle trajectories was solved in a large nuclear reaction network as temperatures fall from 9 × 109 to 3 × 108 K. We show that an r-process-like abundance distribution forms in material ejected in the collapsar jet. The possibility for a signature of collapsar r-process material to be found in metal-poor stars is discussed.
Non-Newtonian perspectives on pulsatile blood-analog flows in a 180° curved artery model
Authors: van Wyk Stevin , Prahl Wittberg Lisa , Bulusu Kartik V. , Fuchs Laszlo , Plesniak Michael W.
Published: July 2015

Complex, unsteady fluid flow phenomena in the arteries arise due to the pulsations of the heart that intermittently pumps the blood to the extremities of the body. The many different flow waveform variations observed throughout the arterial network are a result of this process and a function of the vessel properties. Large scale secondary flow structures are generated throughout the aortic arch and larger branches of the arteries. An experimental 180° curved artery test section with physiological inflow conditions was used to validate the computational methods implemented in this study. Good agreement of the secondary flow structures is obtained between experimental and numerical studies of a Newtonian blood-analog fluid under steady-state and pulsatile, carotid artery flow rate waveforms. Multiple vortical structures, some of opposite rotational sense to Dean vortices, similar to Lyne-type vortices, were observed to form during the systolic portion of the pulse. Computational tools were used to assess the effect of blood-analog fluid rheology (i.e., Newtonian versus non-Newtonian). It is demonstrated that non-Newtonian, blood-analog fluid rheology results in shear layer instabilities that alter the formation of vortical structures during the systolic deceleration and onwards during diastole. Additional vortices not observed in the Newtonian cases appear at the inside and outside of the bend at various times during the pulsation. The influence of blood-analog shear-thinning viscosity decreases mean pressure losses in contrast to the Newtonian blood analog fluid.
Computational extended magneto-hydrodynamical study of shock structure generated by flows past an obstacle
Authors: Zhao Xuan , Seyler C. E.
Published: July 2015

The magnetized shock problem is studied in the context where supersonic plasma flows past a solid obstacle. This problem exhibits interesting and important phenomena such as a bow shock, magnetotail formation, reconnection, and plasmoid formation. This study is carried out using a discontinuous Galerkin method to solve an extended magneto-hydrodynamic model (XMHD). The main goals of this paper are to present a reasonably complete picture of the properties of this interaction using the MHD model and then to compare the results to the XMHD model. The inflow parameters, such as the magnetosonic Mach number Mf and the ratio of thermal pressure to magnetic pressure β, can significantly affect the physical structures of the flow-obstacle interaction. The Hall effect can also significantly influence the results in the regime in which the ion inertial length is numerically resolved. Most of the results presented are for the two-dimensional case; however, two three-dimensional simulations are presented to make a connection to the important case in which the solar wind interacts with a solid body and to explore the possibility of performing scaled laboratory experiments.
Self-consistent quantum kinetic theory of diatomic molecule formation
Authors: Forrey Robert C.
Published: July 2015

A quantum kinetic theory of molecule formation is presented which includes three-body recombination and radiative association for a thermodynamically closed system which may or may not exchange energy with its surrounding at a constant temperature. The theory uses a Sturmian representation of a two-body continuum to achieve a steady-state solution of a governing master equation which is self-consistent in the sense that detailed balance between all bound and unbound states is rigorously enforced. The role of quasibound states in catalyzing the molecule formation is analyzed in complete detail. The theory is used to make three predictions which differ from conventional kinetic models. These predictions suggest significant modifications may be needed to phenomenological rate constants which are currently in wide use. Implications for models of low and high density systems are discussed.
Solvable discrete quantum mechanics: q-orthogonal polynomials with q=1 and quantum dilogarithm
Authors: Odake Satoru , Sasaki Ryu
Published: July 2015

Several kinds of q-orthogonal polynomials with q=1 are constructed as the main parts of the eigenfunctions of new solvable discrete quantum mechanical systems. Their orthogonality weight functions consist of quantum dilogarithm functions, which are a natural extension of the Euler gamma functions and the q-gamma functions (q-shifted factorials). The dimensions of the orthogonal spaces are finite. These q-orthogonal polynomials are expressed in terms of the Askey-Wilson polynomials and their certain limit forms.
Review and test of methods for determination of the Schottky diode parameters
Authors: Olikh O. Ya.
Published: July 2015

This paper deals with the extraction of the Schottky diode parameters from a current-voltage characteristic. 10 analytical methods, 2 numerical methods, and 4 evolutionary algorithms of the series resistance, barrier height, and ideality factor determination are reviewed. The accuracy of the methods is quantified using a wide range of both ideal and noisy synthetic data. In addition, the influencing factors of the parameters extraction accuracy are estimated. The adaptive procedure, which improves the precision of analytical Gromov's method, is suggested. The use of Lambert W function has been shown to reduce the error of parameter extraction by numerical method. Finally, all methods are applied to experimental data. The most reliable and preferred methods are chosen.
Comment on “Effects of damping solitary wave in a viscosity bounded plasma” [Phys. Plasmas 21, 022118 (2014)]
Authors: Ghosh Uday Narayan , Chatterjee Prasanta , Roychoudhury Rajkumar
Published: July 2015

Recently Gun Li et al. discussed “Effects of damping solitary wave in a viscosity bounded plasma” [Phys. Plasmas 21, 022118 (2014)]. The paper contains some serious errors which have been pointed out in this Comment.
Collisionless relaxation of downstream ion distributions in low-Mach number shocks
Authors: Gedalin M. , Friedman Y. , Balikhin M.
Published: July 2015

Collisionlessly formed downstream distributions of ions in low-Mach number shocks are studied. General expressions for the asymptotic value of the ion density and pressure are derived for the directly transmitted ions. An analytical approximation for the overshoot strength is suggested for the low-β case. Spatial damping scale of the downstream magnetic oscillations is estimated.
On the interplay between relaxation, defect formation, and atomic Sn distribution in Ge(1−x)Sn(x) unraveled with atom probe tomography
Authors: Kumar A. , Demeulemeester J. , Bogdanowicz J. , Bran J. , Melkonyan D. , Fleischmann C. , Gencarelli F. , Shimura Y. , Wang W. , Loo R. , Vandervorst W.
Published: July 2015

Ge(1−x)Sn(x) has received a lot of interest for opto-electronic applications and for strain engineering in advanced complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor technology, because it enables engineering of the band gap and inducing strain in the alloy. To target a reliable technology for mass application in microelectronic devices, the physical problem to be addressed is to unravel the complex relationship between strain relaxation (as induced by the growth of large layer thicknesses or a thermal anneal) and defect formation, and/or stable Sn-cluster formation. In this paper, we study the onset of Sn-cluster formation and its link to strain relaxation using Atom Probe Tomography (APT). To this end, we also propose a modification of the core-linkage [Stephenson et al., Microsc. Microanal. 13, 448 (2007)] cluster analysis method, to overcome the challenges of limited detection efficiency and lateral resolution of APT, and the quantitative assessment for very small clusters (<40 atoms) embedded in a random distribution of Sn-atoms. We concluded that the main relaxation mechanism for these layers is defect generation (misfit dislocations, threading dislocations, etc.), irrespective of the cause (thickness of layer or thermal anneal) of relaxation and is independent of the cluster formation. The low thermodynamic solubility limit of Sn in Ge seems to be the driving force for Sn-cluster formation. Finally, we also discuss the spatial distribution of Sn in clusters and relate them to the theoretically predicted stable Sn clusters [Ventura et al., Phys. Rev. B 79, 155202 (2009)].
Field evaporation of ZnO: A first-principles study
Authors: Xia Yu , Karahka Markus , Kreuzer H. J.
Published: July 2015

With recent advances in atom probe tomography of insulators and semiconductors, there is a need to understand high electrostatic field effects in these materials as well as the details of field evaporation. We use density functional theory to study field effects in ZnO clusters calculating the potential energy curves, the local field distribution, the polarizability, and the dielectric constant as a function of field strength. We confirm that, as in MgO, the HOMO-LUMO gap of a ZnO cluster closes at the evaporation field strength signaling field-induced metallization of the insulator. Following the structural changes in the cluster at the evaporation field strength, we can identify the field evaporated species, in particular, we show that the most abundant ion, Zn2+, is NOT post-ionized but leaves the surface as 2+ largely confirming the experimental observations. Our results also help to explain problems related to stoichiometry in the mass spectra measured in atom probe tomography.
Temperature dependence of Raman shifts in layered ReSe2 and SnSe2 semiconductor nanosheets
Authors: Taube A. , Łapińska A. , Judek J. , Zdrojek M.
Published: July 2015

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are attractive for variety of nanoscale electronics and optoelectronics devices due to their unique properties. Despite growing progress in the research field of TMDCs, many of their properties are still unknown. In this letter, we report measurements of Raman spectra of rhenium diselenide (ReSe2) and tin diselenide (SnSe2) layered semiconductor nanosheets as a function of temperature (70–400 K). We analyze the temperature dependence of the positions of eight ReSe2 modes and SnSe2 A1g mode. All observed Raman mode shifts exhibit nonlinear temperature dependence at low temperatures which is explained by optical phonon decay process into two or three acoustics phonons. The first order temperature coefficients (χ), determined for high temperatures, of rhenium diselenide Raman modes are in the range between −0.0033 and −0.0118 cm−1/K, whereas χ of tin diselenide A1g mode was −0.0129 cm−1/K. Our findings are useful for further analysis of phonon and thermal properties of these dichalcogenide layered semiconductors.
Shocks in unmagnetized plasma with a shear flow: Stability and magnetic field generation
Authors: Dieckmann M. E. , Bock A. , Ahmed H. , Doria D. , Sarri G. , Ynnerman A. , Borghesi M.
Published: July 2015

A pair of curved shocks in a collisionless plasma is examined with a two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation. The shocks are created by the collision of two electron-ion clouds at a speed that exceeds everywhere the threshold speed for shock formation. A variation of the collision speed along the initially planar collision boundary, which is comparable to the ion acoustic speed, yields a curvature of the shock that increases with time. The spatially varying Mach number of the shocks results in a variation of the downstream density in the direction along the shock boundary. This variation is eventually equilibrated by the thermal diffusion of ions. The pair of shocks is stable for tens of inverse ion plasma frequencies. The angle between the mean flow velocity vector of the inflowing upstream plasma and the shock's electrostatic field increases steadily during this time. The disalignment of both vectors gives rise to a rotational electron flow, which yields the growth of magnetic field patches that are coherent over tens of electron skin depths.
Spin selector based on periodic diluted-magnetic-semiconductor/nonmagnetic-barrier superlattices
Authors: Yang Ping-Fan , Zhu Rui , Guo Yong
Published: July 2015

We propose a spin selector based on periodic diluted-magnetic-semiconductor/nonmagnetic-barrier (DMS/NB) superlattices subjected to an external magnetic field. We find that the periodic DMS/NB superlattices can achieve 100% spin filtering over a dramatically broader range of incident energies than the diluted-magnetic-semiconductor/semiconductor (DMS/S) case studied previously. And the positions and widths of spin-filtering bands can be manipulated effectively by adjusting the geometric parameters of the system or the strength of external magnetic field. Such a compelling filtering feature stems from the introduction of nonmagnetic barrier and the spin-dependent giant Zeeman effect induced by the external magnetic field. We also find that the external electric field can exert a significant influence on the spin-polarized transport through the DMS/NB superlattices.
Simultaneous diamagnetic and magnetic particle trapping in ferrofluid microflows via a single permanent magnet
Authors: Zhou Yilong , Kumar Dhileep Thanjavur , Lu Xinyu , Kale Akshay , DuBose John , Song Yongxin , Wang Junsheng , Li Dongqing , Xuan Xiangchun
Published: July 2015

Trapping and preconcentrating particles and cells for enhanced detection and analysis are often essential in many chemical and biological applications. Existing methods for diamagnetic particle trapping require the placement of one or multiple pairs of magnets nearby the particle flowing channel. The strong attractive or repulsive force between the magnets makes it difficult to align and place them close enough to the channel, which not only complicates the device fabrication but also restricts the particle trapping performance. This work demonstrates for the first time the use of a single permanent magnet to simultaneously trap diamagnetic and magnetic particles in ferrofluid flows through a T-shaped microchannel. The two types of particles are preconcentrated to distinct locations of the T-junction due to the induced negative and positive magnetophoretic motions, respectively. Moreover, they can be sequentially released from their respective trapping spots by simply increasing the ferrofluid flow rate. In addition, a three-dimensional numerical model is developed, which predicts with a reasonable agreement the trajectories of diamagnetic and magnetic particles as well as the buildup of ferrofluid nanoparticles.
Fabrication of submicron proteinaceous structures by direct laser writing
Authors: Serien Daniela , Takeuchi Shoji
Published: July 2015

In this paper, we provide a characterization of truly free-standing proteinaceous structures with submicron feature sizes depending on the fabrication conditions by model-based analysis. Protein cross-linking of bovine serum albumin is performed by direct laser writing and two-photon excitation of flavin adenine dinucleotide. We analyze the obtainable fabrication resolution and required threshold energy for polymerization. The applied polymerization model allows prediction of fabrication conditions and resulting fabrication size, alleviating the application of proteinaceous structure fabrication.
Correlation of anisotropy and directional conduction in β-Li3PS4 fast Li+ conductor
Authors: Chen Yan , Cai Lu , Liu Zengcai , dela Cruz Clarina R. , Liang Chengdu , An Ke
Published: July 2015

This letter reports the correlation of anisotropy and directional conduction in the fast Li+ conductor β-Li3PS4, one of the low-symmetry crystalline electrolyte candidates. The material has both high conductivity and good stability that serves well for the large-scale energy storage applications of all-solid-state lithium ion batteries. The anisotropic physical properties, demonstrated here by the thermal expansion coefficients, are crucial for compatibility in the solid-state system and battery performance. Neutron and X-ray powder diffraction measurements were done to determine the crystal structure and thermal stability. The crystallographic b-axis was revealed as a fast expansion direction, while negligible thermal expansion was observed along the a-axis around the battery operating temperatures. The anisotropic behavior has its structural origin from the Li+ conduction channels with incomplete Li occupancy and a flexible connection of LiS4 and PS4 tetrahedra within the framework. This indicates a strong correlation in the direction of the ionic transport in the low-symmetry Li+ conductor.
Effect of fermented seaweed by-product supplementation on reproduction of Hanwoo cows and growth and immunity of their calves
Authors: Islam Md. Manirul , Ahmed Sonia Tabasum , Mun Hong-Seok , Kim Young-Bae , Yang Chul-Ju
Published: July 2015

The study was conducted to evaluate the supplementation of fermented seaweed (Undaria pinnatifida) by-product (FSB) on colostrum composition and immunoglobulin level in breeding Hanwoo cows and growth and immunity of their suckling calves. A total of 32 breeding Hanwoo cows with different parities were assigned to Control (basal diet) and FSB (basal diet + 10% FSB) dietary groups in a randomised block design for 2 months before parturition until weaning of their calves. Calves with FSB supplementation had greater weaning weight and average daily gain (P < 0.05). Dietary FSB supplementation increased calf serum immunoglobulin G level in the first parity (P < 0.05), whereas it was reduced in the second to fourth parities on Days 15 and 45. The immunoglobulin M level increased on Day 15 in the first parity and on Day 45 in the second to fourth parities (P < 0.05), whereas it decreased on Day 45 in the first parity (P < 0.05). Dietary FSB supplementation also elevated moisture, crude fat and crude protein content whereas it reduced the total solids content in colostrum for both parities (P < 0.05). Colostrum immunoglobulin G level was also increased in the first parity, whereas it was reduced in the second to fourth parities in FSB supplementation (P < 0.05). Overall, dietary FSB supplementation increased suckling calves weaning weight, average daily gain, serum immunoglobulin G level and colostrum immunoglobulin G level in the first parity. Moreover, moisture, crude fat and crude protein content of colostrum were elevated significantly in both parities in breeding Hanwoo cows. Therefore, FSB can be used as a functional feed additive to the basal diet in breeding Hanwoo cows.
Public Lectures
Authors: Wood Tony , Sandiford Mike , Holmes a Court Simon
Published: July 2015

1. Global and national energy upheavals: what’s happening and what does it mean for Victoria?
2. Energy demand: lessons from the Victorian electricity sector.
3. Opportunities for communities amid ST the energy challenge: Hepburn Win
Noted colonial German scientists and their contexts
Authors: McMullen Gabrielle L.
Published: July 2015

German scientists made substantial and notable contributions to colonial Victoria. They were involved in the establishment and/or development of some of the major public institutions, e.g. the Royal Society of Victoria, National Herbarium, the Royal Botanic Gardens, Museum Victoria, the Flagstaff Observatory for Geophysics, Magnetism and Nautical Science, the Pharmaceutical Society of Victoria and the Victorian College of Pharmacy. Further, they played a leading role not only in scientific and technological developments but also in exploration – Home has identified ‘science as a German export to nineteenth century Australia’ (Home 1995: 1). Significantly, an account of the 1860 annual dinner of the Royal Society of Victoria related the following comment from Dr John Macadam MP, Victorian Government Analytical Chemist: ‘Where would science be in Victoria without the Germans?’ (Melbourner Deutsche Zeitung 1860: 192). This paper considers key German scientists working in mid-nineteenth century Victoria and the nature and significance of their contributions to the colony.
Cardiac myosin binding protein C regulates postnatal myocyte cytokinesis
Authors: Jiang Jianming , Burgon Patrick G. , Wakimoto Hiroko , Onoue Kenji , Gorham Joshua M. , O’Meara Caitlin C. , Fomovsky Gregory , McConnell Bradley K. , Lee Richard T. , Seidman J. G. , Seidman Christine E.
Published: July 2015

Significance

We demonstrate that hearts lacking the sarcomere protein cardiac myosin binding protein C (MYBPC) undergo altered development due to an extra round of postnatal cell division. Normal cardiac myocytes replicate rapidly during fetal life, undergo a final round of cell division shortly after birth, cease dividing, and increase in cell size during prepubescent life. MYBPC has an unexpected function—inhibition of myocyte cytokinesis. MYBPC-deficient myocytes undergo an additional round of cytokinesis, resulting in increased numbers of myocytes and a greater proportion of mononuclear myocytes in neonatal hearts. Our findings provide insights into the mechanisms of dilated cardiomyopathy caused by homozygous mutations that reduce MYBPC levels.
The Lazard formal group, universal congruences and special values of zeta functions
Authors: Tempesta Piergiulio
Published: July 2015

A connection between the theory of formal groups and arithmetic number theory is established. In particular, it is shown how to construct general Almkvist–Meurman–type congruences for the universal Bernoulli polynomials that are related with the Lazard universal formal group (based on earlier works of the author). Their role in the theory of

L
L

–genera for multiplicative sequences is illustrated. As an application, sequences of integer numbers are constructed. New congruences are also obtained, useful to compute special values of a new class of Riemann–Hurwitz–type zeta functions.
Cluster of Leptospirosis Acquired Through River Surfing in Switzerland
Authors: Schreiber Peter W. , Aceto Leonardo , Korach Raphael , Marreros Nelson , Ryser-Degiorgis Marie-Pierre , Günthard Huldrych F.
Published: July 2015

Background.  In Switzerland, leptospirosis is still considered as a travel-associated disease. After the surprising diagnosis of leptospirosis in a patient who was initially suspected as having primary human immunodeficiency virus infection, we recognized that acquisition of leptospirosis occurred through recreational activities and we identified additional affected individuals.

Methods.  Detailed anamnesis, excluding occupational exposure, acquisition abroad, and pet contacts, enabled us to detect the source of infection and identify a cluster of leptospirosis. Convalescent sera testing was performed to confirm Leptospira infection. Microscopic agglutination tests were used to determine the infecting serovar.

Results.  We identified a cluster of leptospirosis in young, previously healthy persons. Acquisition of leptospirosis was traced back to a surfing spot on a river in Switzerland (Reuss, Aargau). Clinical presentation was indistinct. Two of the 3 reported cases required hospitalization, and 1 case even suffered from meningitis. Serologic tests indicated infection with the serovar Grippotyphosa in all cases. With the exception of the case with meningitis, no antibiotics were administered, because leptospirosis was diagnosed after spontaneous resolution of most symptoms. Despite a prolonged period of convalescence in 2 cases, full recovery was achieved. Recent reports on beavers suffering from leptospirosis in this region underline the possible water-borne infection of the 3 cases and raise the question of potential wildlife reservoirs.

Conclusions.  Insufficient awareness of caregivers, which may be promoted by the missing obligation to report human leptospirosis, combined with the multifaceted presentation of the disease result in significant underdiagnosis. More frequent consideration of leptospirosis as differential diagnosis is inevitable, particularly as veterinary data suggest re-emergence of the disease.
Massive Hepatic Parenchymal and Portal Venous Gas
Authors: Barbara David W. , Broski Stephen M. , Smith Benjamin C. , Comfere Thomas B.
Published: July 2015

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.
Orbital Myositis as Both a Presenting and Associated Extraintestinal Sign of Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Vargason Caroline W. , Mawn Louise A.
Published: July 2015

Orbital myositis is a rare extraintestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease and has been reported to occur at variable times relative to gastrointestinal symptoms, including years before, concurrently to, and years after the gastrointestinal diagnosis. Here, the authors report 3 cases of Crohn’s disease associated orbital myositis, adding to the 18 previously reported cases. The authors describe 2 cases of middle-aged females presenting with orbital myositis during clinical remission of Crohn’s disease. The authors also describe the first reported case of orbital myositis-associated Crohn’s disease diagnosed prior to any gastrointestinal symptoms in a teenage male presenting with corticosteroid responsive intermittent eyelid swelling. These cases underscore the importance of the Ophthalmic Plastic Surgeon in initiating a thorough systemic workup for cases of orbital inflammatory disease.
Bioequivalence of 2 Formulations of Sildenafil Oral Soluble Film 100 mg and Sildenafil Citrate (Viagra) 100 mg Oral Tablets in Healthy Male Volunteers
Authors: Dadey Eric
Published: July 2015

Sildenafil citrate tablets (VIAGRA; Pfizer Inc) have been used since 1998 as an oral therapy for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. However, in some cases, patients may have difficulty in swallowing tablets, and the need to use water to aid in the oral administration of the tablets has the potential to interrupt the sexual encounter, reduce spontaneity, and therefore decrease the quality of the experience. Two oral soluble film (OSF) formulations of sildenafil were developed using MonoSol Rx's proprietary PharmFilm technology. Both films were formulated to dissolve rapidly on the tongue, thereby releasing the drug into the oral cavity, whereupon it is swallowed without the use of water. From a patient perspective, it is anticipated that the film formulations of sildenafil citrate will provide a more compliant and discreet dosage form. The purpose of this clinical study was to compare the bioequivalence of the 2 sildenafil OSF 100 mg formulations (MonoSol Rx, LLC) with the sildenafil citrate 100 mg tablets. The design was a single-dose, randomized, open-label, 3-period, 6-sequence, 3-treatment, single-center, crossover study conducted in 18 healthy, nonsmoking male volunteers under fasting conditions, with each treatment period separated by a 7-day washout period. Plasma sildenafil concentrations were measured predose and then periodically to 24 hours after dosing. The 90% confidence intervals for plasma sildenafil AUC0–t, AUC0–∞, and Cmax for both sildenafil OSF formulations as compared with sildenafil citrate tablets were all within the 80%–125% range, indicating bioequivalence of both film formulations to sildenafil citrate tablets. Overall, the demonstrated bioequivalence coupled with the performance advantages of an OSF dosage form (ie, rapid dissolution in the mouth, can be taken without water, and can be dosed discreetly) suggest that the sildenafil OSF may provide an attractive alternative to sildenafil citrate oral tablets.
Lack of Agreement on How to Use Antegrade Enemas in Children
Authors: Kuizenga‐Wessel Sophie , Mousa Hayat M. , Benninga Marc A. , Di Lorenzo Carlo
Published: July 2015

Objectives:

The aim of the present study was to provide an overview of the existing literature regarding the outcomes of the antegrade continence enema (ACE) procedure and to assess the present practices of physicians worldwide regarding the use of the ACE.

Methods:

A search of the MEDLINE database was performed using the following criteria: having a clear definition of “successful outcome,” published in full manuscript form, sample size >20 patients, age <25 years. We then conducted a survey among 23 pediatric gastroenterologists and surgeons worldwide who were known to use the ACE using an 18‐item questionnaire.

Results:

A total of 21 articles met the inclusion criteria. Successful outcomes were reported in 15% to 100%. Thirteen studies classified the outcome as full continence (success) or incontinence (failure), with a mean successful outcome of 75.6%. The 23 physicians who completed the questionnaire differed in their opinions about indications and mandatory preoperative testing. Constipation with (78%) or without (91%) fecal incontinence, anorectal malformations (96%), and spinal abnormalities (100%) were considered suitable indications for the ACE by the majority. There was less agreement regarding the required preoperative diagnostic workup. Most physicians (70%) start infusions using saline solutions and do not add a stimulant laxative to the cleansing solution.

Discussion:

There is a wide variation in the reported outcome of the ACE procedure and in the way success is defined. The survey identifies important differences among physicians using the ACE. Consensus on optimal use of the ACE could improve outcome of this treatment option.
Growth patterns and life-history strategies in Placodontia (Diapsida: Sauropterygia)
Authors: Klein Nicole , Neenan James M. , Scheyer Torsten M. , Griebeler Eva Maria
Published: July 2015

Placodontia is a clade of durophagous, near shore marine reptiles from Triassic sediments of modern-day Europe, Middle East and China. Although much is known about their primary anatomy and palaeoecology, relatively little has been published regarding their life history, i.e. ageing, maturation and growth. Here, growth records derived from long bone histological data of placodont individuals are described and modelled to assess placodont growth and life-history strategies. Growth modelling methods are used to confirm traits documented in the growth record (age at onset of sexual maturity, age when asymptotic length was achieved, age at death, maximum longevity) and also to estimate undocumented traits. Based on these growth models, generalized estimates of these traits are established for each taxon. Overall differences in bone tissue types and resulting growth curves indicate different growth patterns and life-history strategies between different taxa of Placodontia.PsephodermaandParaplacodusgrew with lamellar-zonal bone tissue type and show growth patterns as seen in modern reptiles. Placodontia indet. aff.Cyamodusand some Placodontia indet. show a unique combination of fibrolamellar bone tissue regularly stratified by growth marks, a pattern absent in modern sauropsids. The bone tissue type of Placodontia indet. aff.Cyamodusand Placodontia indet. indicates a significantly increased basal metabolic rate when compared with modern reptiles. Double lines of arrested growth, non-annual rest lines in annuli, and subcycles that stratify zones suggest high dependence of placodont growth on endogenous and exogenous factors. Histological and modelled differences within taxa point to high individual developmental plasticity but sexual dimorphism in growth patterns and the presence of different taxa in the sample cannot be ruled out.
How visual perceptual grouping influences foot placement
Authors: Fennell John , Goodwin Charlotte , Burn Jeremy F. , Leonards Ute
Published: July 2015

Everybody would agree that vision guides locomotion; but how does vision influence choice when there are different solutions for possible foot placement? We addressed this question by investigating the impact of perceptual grouping on foot placement in humans. Participants performed a stepping stone task in which pathways consisted of target stones in a spatially regular path of foot falls and visual distractor stones in their proximity. Target and distractor stones differed in shape and colour so that each subset of stones could be easily grouped perceptually. In half of the trials, one target stone swapped shape and colour with a distractor in its close proximity. We show that in these ‘swapped’ conditions, participants chose the perceptually groupable, instead of the spatially regular, stepping location in over 40% of trials, even if the distance between perceptually groupable steps was substantially larger than normal step width/length. This reveals that the existence of a pathway that could be traversed without spatial disruption to periodic stepping is not sufficient to guarantee participants will select it and suggests competition between different types of visual input when choosing foot placement. We propose that a bias in foot placement choice in favour of visual grouping exists as, in nature, sudden changes in visual characteristics of the ground increase the uncertainty for stability.
Fourier spectrum analysis of full-field optical coherence tomography for tissue imaging
Authors: Gao Wanrong
Published: July 2015

We propose a model of the full-field optical coherence tomography (FFOCT) technique for tissue imaging, in which the fractal model of the spatial correlation function of the refractive index of tissue is employed to approximate tissue structure. The results may be helpful for correctly interpreting en face tomographic images obtained with FFOCT.
A study of X-ray multiple diffraction by means of section topography
Authors: Kohn V. G. , Smirnova I. A.
Published: July 2015

The results of theoretical and experimental study are presented for the question of how the X-ray multiple diffraction in a silicon single crystal influences the interference fringes of section topography for the 400 reflection in the Laue case. Two different cases of multiple diffraction are discovered for zero and very small values of the azimuthal angle for the sample in the form of a plate with the surface normal to the 001 direction. The cases are seen on the same topogram without rotation of the crystal. Accurate computer simulations of the section topogram for the case of X-ray multiple diffraction are performed for the first time. It is shown that the structure of interference fringes on the section topogram in the region of multiple diffraction becomes more complicated. It has a very sharp dependence on the azimuthal angle. The experiment is carried out using a laboratory source under conditions of low resolution over the azimuthal angle. Nevertheless, the characteristic inclination of the interference fringes on the tails of the multiple diffraction region is easily seen. This phenomenon corresponds completely to the computer simulations.