bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KEMISKINAN DAN KETIMPANGAN PENDAPATAN RUMAH TANGGA DI KABUPATEN BOJONEGORO
Authors: Sugiyarto Sugiyarto , Mulyo Jangkung Handoyo , Seleky Rosalia Natalia
Published: December 2016

Poverty and inequality have become challenges for most developing countries in the world. Large number of the poor are concentrated in the rural area, and mostly are farmer. The objectives of the study were to identify the poverty occurrence in the rural Bojonegoro and, to analyze the income inequality among them. This research was conducted in rural areas in Bojonegoro Regency, and there were 60 rural households interviewed. The FGT index (Headcount index, Poverty Gap index and Poverty Severity index) and the Criterions of BPS, World Bank, and Asian Development Bank were introduced to identify the poverty occurred in the rural area. Meanwhile, the Gini index and Lorentz curve were employed to measure the income inequality among those households. The result shows that the level of poverty in rural Bojonegoro considered to be quite high (based on the criterions of World Bank and Asian Development Bank), on the contrary, based on BPS criteria, the poverty level is fairly low. The ‘depth of poverty’ score measured by the FGT index is 0.05, meanwhile the ‘severity of poverty’ score is 0.02. Furthermore, the income is distributed unequally among the rural households showed by the Gini index of 0.459.
KETAHANAN DAN KEMANDIRIAN PANGAN RUMAH TANGGA TANI DAERAH MARGINAL DI KABUPATEN BOJONEGORO
Authors: Mulyo Jangkung Handoyo , Sugiyarto Sugiyarto , Widada Arif Wahyu
Published: December 2016

Food security and food self-sufficiency at household level are much determined by their farm production. Meanwhile, some areas considered as the marginal area are constrained by limited support of natural resources. Thus, many households lived in marginal area will face food insecurity. This study aimed to understand the households’ food security level, both measured by using the Energy Sufficiency Score (AKE) and the Food Expenditure Share (PPP). Furthermore, this study also tries to identify the food self-sufficiency level among rural marginal household in Bojonegoro Regency. The result of study shows that there is a wide disparity among rural household in the food/energy intake, this is shown by the average level of food/energy intake level that is considered high (87%), meanwhile there is 53% of the households categorized as the food insecure household. Based on the Food Expenditure Share level, most of the households are categorized as food secure households. The food self-sufficiency, particularly rice, have been attained.
KEEFEKTIFAN LEMBAGA PASAR LELANG CABAI MERAH DI KECAMATAN PANJATAN KABUPATEN KULON PROGO
Authors: Devi Patrianisya , Harsoyo Harsoyo , Subejo Subejo
Published: December 2016

Research was done in Panjatan District Kulon Progo Regency aimed to know the effectiveness of auction market institution for red chili in Panjatan District and also to know the factors which influence to the effectiveness of auction market institution for red chili. This research used descriptive analytic method. District, subdistrict, and farmer groups were taken by Purposive method. Sample members were taken from every farmer group sample by using Simple Random Sampling with total amount of 60 farmers. Data were analized by Proportion Test and Multiple Regression Analysis. The results of research showed that the most of farmer in Panjatan District Kulon Progo Regency have perception that the auction market institution for red chili has a high effectiveness. Farmer’s attitude and farmer group leader role give positive influence to the effectiveness of auction market institution for red chili, education level of farmers give negative influence to the effectiveness of auction market institution for red chili, whereas age, motivation, and the selling price of chili do not influence to the effectiveness of auction market institution.
OPTIMASI KOMPOSISI KIRIMAN TEBU UNTUK MENCAPAI HASIL GULA OPTIMAL DI PT. INDOLAMPUNG PERKASA KABUPATEN TULANG BAWNAG, LAMPUNG
Authors: Artha Tri Sunu Budi , Darwanto Dwidjono Hadi , Waluyati Lestari Rahayu
Published: December 2016

Sugarcane in PT.ILP harvested by harvesting division through logging, unloading and transport. Logging is done in the form of sugar cane burn. The existence of a span of fuel to burn the sugar cane milling can undergo metabolism that cause decomposition of biodegradable polysaccharides or disaccharides, resulting in reduced cane sugar. Therefore, logging and proper and efficient transport can  reduce the rate of decline in the value of pol and purity. Logging and transport in PT.ILP is done in three systems, namely Bundle Cane, Loose Cane, and Chopped Cane.This study aimed to determine : (i) differences in the ability of the system to send Cane Bundle, Loose Cane and Chopped Cane, and (ii) the composition of the optimal delivery system Cane Bundle, Loose Cane, and Chopped Cane. This study used a descriptive analytical method. The type of data collected and analyzed secondary data of sugarcane to the factory shipment in 2012 and in 2013 from Harvesting Division PT.ILP be burnt to crush report time (hour) per weeks. Methods of data analysis using quantitative analysis method of linear programming models.The result showed that there are differences in the average shipment of sugar cane to the factory PT.ILP systems Bundle Cane, Cane Loose, and Chopped Cane Cane Bundle cutting system where the highest followed Loose Cane cutting system. In addition, the result of the study also concluded that the average composition of the shipment of cutting system Bundle Cane, Cane Loose, and Chopped Cane currently not optimal in meeting the quota factory. This is evident from the composition of the shipment allocation of sugarcane to the factory PT.ILP on each cutting system (Bundle Cane, Cane Loose, and Chopped Cane) to change the composition of the previous allocation so that a change in the composition is still obtainable sugar production higher than before (still can be improved). A change in the number of workers cutting and variable costs per ton cane will change the composition of the optimal number of items cane to the mill.
Persepsi Mahasiswa Terhadap Sistem Layanan Unggah Mandiri Karya Akhir Mahasiswa (UMKAM) di Perpustakaan UGM
Authors: Nurhastuti Dewi , Haryanta Haryanta , Indaryani Nining
Published: December 2016

This research is aimed at measuring and analyzing the acceptance of Unggah Mandiri Karya Akhir Mahasiswa (UMKAM) service system (electronic thesis/dissertation self-submission) at UGM Library. Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is applied as a theoretical framework that measures Perceived Ease of Use (PEU), Perceived Usefulness (PU), and Attitude Towards Using Technology (ATU) UMKAM. Respondents were students who submitted thesis or dissertation using the UMKAM system.
Performa Indonesia pada Riset Konsorsium Energi: Asesmen Bibliometrik Jurnal Ilmiah Internasional
Authors: Himawanto Himawanto
Published: December 2016

Research activities are defensi action researchers in all countries including Indonesia to overcome the threat of an energy crisis. It required the action of partnership in order to realize the energy scientific work credible that can be disseminated in reputable scientific publications. ScienceDirect is the prestigious publication that essential explored in order to measure the Indonesia researchers cooperation in the international arena. To know evolution of research collaboration, construction research, research leadership, and involvement of colleagues used bibliometric assessments. Research collaboration led Indonesia for over decade resulted in 207 articles with rapid growth tends. Research achieved by the emergence of 802 researchers and 363 affiliates, published over 14 reputable journals with ratio of 3.87 researches. While the ratio of institution, country and regional indices one more. Only period 2010-2011 architecture research absolute by international collaboration. For a decade the academic research construction proved productive achieve article. Meanwhile the scientific collaboration led 68 local institutions to set aside 28.02% global-scale research. Domestic institutions residing in 18 provinces and Aceh is a zone with index collaboration fantastic. Indonesia also coalition with 21 countries and Japan most active support national research. Of the amount, 50 partner countries delegate research institutions to collaborate.
Deskripsi Pola Kegagalan Pengajuan Verifikasi Karya Tulis Akhir Mahasiswa UGM dalam Unggah Mandiri
Authors: Saptari Janu , Hidayati Nur , Wagiya Wagiya
Published: December 2016

Final paper self-submission system is an application that serves as a means of self-service delivery of the final written work of students in the form of final project (TA), thesis and dissertation online. Not all papers uploaded in the system are approved; some are rejected for some reasons. This study aims at determining: (1) the proportion of papers submitted late in the process of self-upload directly approved / rejected based on the level of study program, i.e. diploma, undergraduate, master, doctoral; (2) the proportion of document in the process of submission directly approved /rejected by the faculty; (3) distribution on the quantity of the documents not approved /rejected in the submission based on the level of study (4) distribution on the number of the documents not approved /rejected in self-submission based on faculty; (5) patterns of errors in the process of self-submission; and (6). problems experienced by students in the submission of documents. The study used observational descriptive approach. The population of the study comprised files of documents uploaded. Samples were document files verified by 3 officers for one month. The results of the study showed: (1) average quantity of documents rejected was 49.28%; (2). errors occured in a pattern submission were incomplete manuscript (43.5%), incomplete metadata (22.1% , and incomplete manuscript and metadata ( 33.5%); (3) causes of errors in self-submission were inaccuracy (35.5%), haste (13.4%), drawbacks in application (11.6%), and haste as well as inaccuracy in understanding the existing guidance (27.7%).
Pemanfaatan Database EBSCO dan ProQuest sebagai Rujukan Penyusunan Tesis dan Disertasi bagi Mahasiswa Program Magister Sains dan Doktor Fakultas Ekonomika dan Bisnis UGM: Analisis Sitiran Jurnal Ilmiah
Authors: Maryatun Maryatun , Irianti Pergola
Published: December 2016

This study aims to examine the utilization of e-journals in EBSCO database "Business Source Complete" and ProQuest "ABI / INFORM Collection" as the citation in the writing of theses and dissertations by the students of Master of Science and Doctor of the Faculty of Economics and Business Universitas Gadjah Mada 2014-2015. This quantitative descriptive study used documentation method for data collection. Data analysis used frequency tabulation and percentage calculation of Kerlinger's formulas. The results showed that the availability of journals in the EBSCO database for the preparation of theses and dissertations was higher than in ProQuest. The degree of duplication of availability of journals both in EBSCO and ProQuest for the preparation of theses and dissertations of all majors was 24.88% and 27.81% respectively. Journals published between 2001-2010 was more highly utilized. Overall the utilization of these two databases was low.
Evaluasi Pemanfaatan Database ClinicalKey oleh Mahasiswa Strata Satu (S1) Klaster Kesehatan di Universitas Gadjah Mada
Authors: Sukirno Sukirno , Mukhtotib Mukhtotib
Published: December 2016

Medical education emphasizes on the importance of individual responsibility in continuing professional development (CPD). Problem-based learning (PBL) is a method developed to accommodate the need for individual professional development. Health cluster at Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) consists of Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, and Faculty of Pharmacy. These faculties also implement PBL in the learning process of undergraduate students. The success of PBL implementation largely depends on adequate support in facilities, either rooms and other supporting facilities including the availability of various information resources in health and medicine. Online databases are provided in efforts to meet the need for relevant and up-to-date references. One of the databases provided by UGM Library for the students of health cluster is ClinicalKey. This study uses quantitative approach involving 100 students as respondents. It is intended to (1) find out the utilization of ClinicalKey database by students of health cluster, (2) give input to UGM Library in the decision making for database collection development, (3) give input to the undergraduate program manager of health cluster on the utilization of online database in supporting the the learning process. The result of the study shows that based on 5 variables of (1) user needs, (2) Internet access, (3) facilities of electronic journals, (4) price, and (5) human resources, the average score is 67.32% (adequate). Librarians need to conduct intensive socialization or promotion is in order to optimize the utilization of ClinicalKey database.
PARTISIPASI PEMUDA DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN PARIWISATA BERBASIS MASYARAKAT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETAHANAN SOSIAL BUDAYA WILAYAH (Studi di Desa Wisata Pentingsari, Umbulharjo, Cangkringan, Sleman, D.I. Yogyakarta)
Authors: Lestari Gina -
Published: December 2016

Arus pariwisata global mengarah pada tren baru pariwisata pedesaan dimana wisatawan datang dalam kelompok-kelompok kecil dan berinteraksi intensif, mempelajari kehidupan masyarakat dan ikut serta dalam kegiatan penduduk desa. Pariwisata model ini rentan menyebabkan perubahan sosial budaya di masyarakat jika pengelolaannya tidak direncanakan secara matang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan merumuskan partisipasi pemuda dalam pengembangan pariwisata berbasis masyarakat (CBT) dan kontribusinya terhadap ketahanan sosial budaya wilayah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan prosedur metode campuran konkuren yang mengkombinasikan pendekatan kualitatif dengan kuantitatif. Penentuan sampel dipilih berdasarkan purposive sampling dengan penggunaan keriteria berdasarkan pertimbangan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemuda merupakan bagian dari aktor pengelola CBT di Desa Wisata Pentingsari (Dewi Peri). Partisipasi pemuda berada pada tingkat partisipasi citizen power dengan bobot rata-rata sebesar 70%. Model pengembangan CBT di Dewi Peri memungkinkan seluruh masyarakat terlibat secara aktif sebagai aktor utama. Partisipasi pemuda dalam pengembangan CBT di Dewi Peri berkontribusi terhadap ketahanan sosial budaya berdasarkan parameter asas kemitraan, kesejahteraan, perlindungan, kemandirian, kerukunan, nilai sosial dan budaya lokal. Ketahanan sosial budaya terbentuk melalui pelestarian sosial budaya secara dinamis dengan melindungi, mengembangkan dan memanfaatkan sosial-budaya lokal melalui aktivitas pariwisata.
Planificación urbana capitalista: apuntes para una reflexión crítica a la producción social del espacio
Authors: Vanegas Jorge Mario Carmona
Published: December 2016

Por mucho tiempo la planificación urbana ha sido considerada pieza fundamental para el desarrollo organizado de las ciudades en el mundo. Su importancia expresada en términos de orden ha permitido legitimar su acción en la actividad urbana a tal punto que sin ella difícilmente una ciudad podría concebirse en su naturaleza. No obstante, la lógica de planificar la ciudad, construida bajo la égida de la acumulación y producción de excedentes para mantener una producción capitalista del espacio a través de una falsa conciencia de la realidad (ideología), ha permitido legitimar socialmente una constante reproducción de capital a partir de la urbanización sin considerar los estragos colaterales que este proceso ocasiona con su actividad. Por tal motivo, la planificación urbana se presenta como mecanismo necesario y estratégico para la constitución de un modo de reproducción capitalista que deriva en un plan constante de intervención espacial en la ciudad (ordenamiento).
Proyección de un espacio diferencial a partir de la rehabilitación urbana y la participación social: el caso del centro cultural la Redonda y Parque Federal, Santa Fe, Argentina
Authors: Cardoso María Mercedes
Published: December 2016

Entre las transformaciones que se dan en las ciudades, la rehabilitación cobra relevancia al poner en valor sectores decadentes, como los asociados al ferrocarril, dotándolos de nuevas estructuras y funciones. La cultura aparece como factor estratégico de revitalización de la imagen urbana. La producción social del espacio, como secuencia compleja históricamente desarrollada, es contradictoria y entremezcla distintas prácticas espaciales, representaciones simbólicas e imaginario social. El análisis de las representaciones y acciones de los actores involucrados en el proceso de regeneración de la Redonda y el Parque Federal, ciudad de Santa Fe (a través de sus discursos, programas, reglamentaciones), permite exponer los tipos de apropiación, el simbolismo del espacio y la identidad social urbana. Teniendo como eje la cotidianeidad del barrio, la infancia y el trabajo ferroviario, se estudia la producción de un espacio diferencial, sobre la base de la gestión asociada entre ciudadanos, vecinos autoconvocados, poderes públicos y agentes privados.
Das instalações de balanços nos espaços públicos: o que elas podem revelar sobre a produção das cidades contemporâneas?
Authors: Lopes Jana Miranda Mendes
Published: December 2016

Este artigo se interroga sobre o número crescente de instalações de balanços em cidades ao redor do mundo a partir dos anos 2000, especialmente na Europa e na América. Esses balanços são instalações efêmeras, experimentais, que visam à apropriação de espaços públicos de forma lúdica e inovadora. Tais instalações são propostas por diferentes agentes, como artistas, arquitetos, designers e publicitários. Elas partem tanto de iniciativas espontâneas, individuais, como do Poder Público ou, ainda, de grandes empresas privadas. Desse modo, o dispositivo lúdico “balanço” sai dos parques infantis, sendo ressignificado, de maneira plural, por práticas de arte, marketing urbano ou por campanhas de comunicação. Ele se torna um elemento urbano apropriado para responder a certos valores, desejos e necessidades do mundo atual. Cada instalação apresenta diferentes formas de pensar e agir nos espaços públicos que fogem da lógica convencional de produção das cidades contemporâneas.
Da carnavalização do planejamento urbano para Belo Horizonte-para-a-guerra: da política ao político e vice-versa
Authors: Canuto Frederico
Published: December 2016

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo discutir o conceito festa como campo de produção de novas formas de viver na cidade, dando ao carnaval de Belo Horizonte especial atenção e tomando como recorte temporal seu chamado renascimento em 2009, sua capilaridade frente ao Estado como fonte de estratégias de luta pelo direito à cidade e de fomento de políticas públicas e iniciativas de planejamento urbano. O argumento do texto é de que o paradoxo democrático (Chantal Mouffe) em produção na festa transforma a cidade de Belo Horizonte em uma espacialidade de guerra – não uma guerra que reproduz exercícios de poder, mas que contamina e produz novas multiplicidades.
Presidencialismo en América Latina. Los casos de Argentina, Perú, Ecuador y Bolivia
Authors: Niño Buitrago Raúl Daniel , Niño Nova Santiago , Páez Rocha Eilen Andrea
Published: December 2016

El artículo está compuesto por la introducción que desarrolla el proceso del presidencialismo para América Latina. Se trabajó bajo el método histórico descriptivo. Los resultados de la investigación se presentan divididos en los cuatros casos de estudio del artículo. Finalmente, en las conclusiones, se exponen las ideas de los autores sobre los casos de estudio.  Para este análisis se recurre al escenario político latinoamericano especificado en los casos de Argentina con el gobierno de Carlos Menem (1989 - 1999); Perú con Alberto Fujimori (1990 -  2000); Ecuador con Rafael Correa (2007 - presente) y en Bolivia con Evo Morales (2006 - presente).
Modelo de evaluación para los espacios de formación en estadística en ingeniería
Authors: Montenegro Marín Carlos Enrique , Gallego Torres Adriana Patricia , Rocha Salamanca Pedro
Published: December 2016

El presente artículo está fundamentado teóricamente en la didáctica de la probabilidad y la estadística. Presenta un modelo para el estudio de las prácticas docentes y para determinar la evaluación de los espacios de formación de docentes de ingeniería, en las universidades públicas de Bogotá. La metodología empleada, nos permitió determinar cuáles son los objetos de estudio que los profesores privilegian y la forma de hacerlo.
Modelo ontológico para la predicción de ataques informáticos a partir de Honeynets virtualizadas
Authors: Montenegro Marín Carlos Enrique , Gaona García Paulo Alonso , Barón Velandia Julio
Published: December 2016

Las honeynets son herramientas de seguridad informáticas muy usadas en la actualidad con el propósito de reunir información de posibles atacantes acerca de las vulnerabilidades presentes en nuestra red. Para realizar un correcto uso de ellas es necesario entender los tipos existentes, las estructuras planteadas, las herramientas usadas y los avances actuales. Sin embargo, una mala planificación de un honeypot o honeynet podría proveer a usuarios indeseados un punto de acceso a la red que deseamos proteger. El propósito del siguiente artículo es llevar a cabo el planteamiento de un modelo ontológico para la identificación de tipos de ataques más comunes a partir del uso de honeynets, y su implementación sobre escenarios de trabajo. Este modelo facilitará la toma de decisiones para la ubicación de elementos y componentes a nivel informático en una organización.
Errores matemáticos en el conocimiento procedimental al resolver problemas de superficies cuadráticas
Authors: Hernández Rosa Virginia
Published: December 2016

La resolución de problemas es un área crítica en la enseñanza de las matemáticas debido a que el estudiante tiene que poner en juego conceptos, habilidades, procedimientos y estrategias para tener éxito. El presente escrito, muestra la caracterización de los tipos de errores matemáticos en el conocimiento procedimental que evidencia un grupo de estudiantes cuando resuelve problemas de superficies cuadráticas en Cálculo Vectorial. El trabajo tuvo como referente la teoría de dos estadios: la traducción y la solución de Mayer para resolver problemas y la clasificación de errores según Rico L. El estudio fue de tipo exploratorio y descriptivo. Para la recolección de información se diseñó y aplicó un cuestionario específico con preguntas de respuesta cerradas y abiertas. Entre los principales hallazgos se resalta que el 32% de los participantes utiliza equivocadamente los datos presentes en el enunciado, el 56% comete errores algebraicos, el 41% representa erróneamente la gráfica correspondiente, el 26% dejó en blanco la representación gráfica, el 44% utiliza teoremas o definiciones deformadas y el 60% se equivoca verificando la solución hallada. Lo anterior ratifica la importancia que tiene el conocimiento procedimental en la resolución de problemas independientemente de los factores o causas que los pueden haber originado,  motivando a docentes del área en la búsqueda de soluciones a este tipo de dificultad, utilizando el error como fuente de las actividades de enseñanza.
Determinantes del desplazamiento forzoso en Norte de Santander, 2008-2013
Authors: Zambrano Miranda Mario de Jesús , Manzano López Dennys Jazmín , Corzo Ramírez Jorge Andrés , Gelves Alvarado William Alexander
Published: December 2016

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo identificar los incentivos de los grupos armados para generar desplazamiento en el departamento Norte de Santander en el periodo 2008-2013 para lo cual se utilizó un modelo econométrico donde la  presencia de cultivos ilícitos, la incidencia de la pobreza y los ataques terroristas en los territorios, son las variables explicativas más significativas. Cabe anotar que los efectos fijos en el modelo muestran que hay variables que  explican el fenómeno, tanto entre municipios, como en el tiempo de forma particular, lo que abre posibilidades para nuevos rutas de investigación.
Prácticas pedagógicas para la paz, realidades de la implementación en el enfoque por competencias
Authors: Guzmán Gutiérrez Wencith , Vergel Ortega Mawency , Martínez Lozano José Joaquín
Published: December 2016

El artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las prácticas pedagógicas implementadas por los profesores para fortalecer la construcción de paz, desarrolladas bajo un enfoque por competencias, resultado de una investigación fundamentada en el enfoque cuantitativo, diseño correlacional, apoyado en el enfoque cualitativo. La muestra la constituyeron 255 estudiantes y 38 docentes de los grados noveno, décimo y undécimo del Colegio Sagrado Corazón de Jesús, Cúcuta, Colombia. Los resultados indican que solo un 48% de los docentes implementan prácticas para fortalecer la paz en el marco de un enfoque por competencias; las variables grado y modalidad, se correlacionan con desarrollo de competencias emocionales y solución de conflictos; solución de problemas explica competencias en ciencias; filosofía institucional, se asocia al desarrollo de competencias en ciencias sociales y prácticas para la paz. Conclusión: prácticas pedagógicas para fortalecer la paz basadas en el enfoque por competencias, influyen en el desarrollo de competencias en solución de conflictos en los estudiantes.
Imaginarios de universidad en jóvenes con limitaciones auditivas
Authors: Vergel Ortega Mawency
Published: December 2016

El artículo tiene como objeto presentar imaginarios identificados sobre universidad, las permanencias de los discursos de jóvenes que cursan estudios en instituciones de educación básica y media y su imbricada relación con los imaginarios sociales, perspectiva desde la cual se hace un análisis crítico de los abordajes al respecto, en tanto se asumen desde las superficialidades de los imaginarios segundos o subyacentes, razón que dificulta su comprensión y posibilidad de proyección. Se propone una salida que considera comprender los imaginarios que hacen posible la universidad, buscando aquellos instituyentes que validan imaginarios instituidos por lo social, desde los cuales se edifiquen acuerdos sobre universidad. La población estudio la constituyen 10 estudiantes sordos, de grado once, con edades comprendidas entre 16 y 19 años. Resultados: estudiantes han ido construyendo en su historia de vida, significaciones sobre la universidad, devenidas de las muchas influencias y, con gran fuerza, oficialmente instituidas. Conclusión: la construcción social de universidad está definida para los jóvenes con limitaciones auditivas, por escenarios simbólicos, instituidos desde lo social, pero con criterio de acción bajo, al constituirse en una ilusión en su proyecto de vida, una expresión en que logran definir las formas de actuar en una sociedad que en el ámbito universitario aún no les incluye.
Business models for maximising the diffusion of technological innovations for climate-smart agriculture
Authors: Long Thomas B. , Blok Vincent , Poldner Kim
Published: December 2016

Technological innovations will play a prominent role in the transition to climate-smart agriculture (CSA). However, CSA technological innovation diffusion is subject to socio-economic barriers. The success of innovations is partly dependent on the business models that are used to diffuse them. Within the context of innovations for CSA, the role that innovation providers’ business models play in the successful adoption and diffusion has received limited attention. In this paper we identify critical issues for business models for CSA technological innovations (BMfCSATI). Our results indicate that current BMfCSATIs are not optimised for diffusing CSA technological innovations. Critical business model elements include the value proposition, channels, customer relationships, key resources, key partners, and cost structure. We find a disparity between the views of CSA technological innovation providers and potential users. The paper explores the implications of the results and develops recommendations for CSA technological innovation providers’ business models.
Looking back and moving forward: A closer look at the Dutch gender quota
Authors: Galle Annika
Published: December 2016

The Dutch Civil Code stipulates that, for balanced gender representation, 30% of seats on the boards of large corporations should be occupied by women. If a company does not meet this requirement, the company is compelled to be transparent in its annual report by means of the ‘comply or explain’ principle. This article analyses the application of this rule through content analysis of the annual reports of 52 listed companies in 2012 and 49 in 2013. The article discusses whether this rule has the desired effect of creating transparency on the gender quota. The conclusion is that ‘the comply or explain’ mechanism is inadequate without further measures, including sanctions. For 2012, 21% of the companies researched made no mention in their annual report of the application of the gender quota. In 2013, 18% of the companies made no mention of it. The companies that did indicate that they did not meet the quota failed to provide the required transparency. The reasons cited for not meeting the quota are nothing more than clichéd phrases, lacking any specificity. If the Netherlands wants to achieve the European and Dutch targets with the aid of the ’comply or explain’ mechanism, the government will have to introduce additional mechanisms, including sanctions - or, alternatively, steer an entirely different course.
Measuring the impact of code of ethics on the quality of auditors’ professional judgment
Authors: Alrabba Hussein Mohammed
Published: December 2016

The quality of decisions and judgment made by auditors has been a subject that has raised a lot of concerns regarding the auditors’ ability to detect and eliminate any errors in financial samples. This study examined the impact of code of ethics on the quality of auditors’ professional judgment in the case of Jordan. A total sample size of 150 auditors in Jordan was selected to investigate the study phenomenon, out of 150 auditor’s 142 auditors’ responded successfully. The questionnaire method of data collection was preferred in this case for its suitability in collecting personal opinions, experiences and outcomes. Regression analysis and advanced spread sheet were used to analyse the collected data. The study found out that different aspects of auditors have varied influences on their ability to detect any incorrect information in accounting statements. For example, it was evident that the integrity, objectivity and independence of auditors are weakly correlated with the ability to notice the incorrect financial information. However, the study discovered that all ethical aspects of audit profession such as the rules governing the rights to advertising, determination of commission, organizations’ name and form, as well as contingent fees have significant impact on auditor’s capacity to identify financial statements’ misrepresentation.
The accuracy of professional forecasts and monetary policy in an emerging country
Authors: Pulumo Salminah , Raputsoane Leroi
Published: December 2016

This paper analyses the accuracy of professional forecasts of monetary policy interest rate decisions in South Africa since 2008. This is achieved by examining the dissimilarity between the professional forecasts of monetary policy stance and the realised monetary policy interest rate on the basis of proximity, temporal structure and sensitivity to forecast horizon. The results show that the forecasts of South African insurance companies and international banks are closest to the realised monetary policy interest rate on average based on proximity, while the forecasts of South African banks and interest groups are closest to the realised monetary policy interest rate based on temporal structure. The results finally show deterioration of the professional forecasts the further away the forecast horizon and that the heterogeneity in forecast accuracy neither emanates from the country of primary listing nor primary business of the professional forecasts groups.
Adam Smith on governance and regulation. An account of his lectures on jurisprudence
Authors: Piqué Pilar
Published: December 2016

The present study analyzes a little explored work of Adam Smith: his Lectures on Jurisprudence, understanding it as a "bridge" between his Moral Philosophy and his Political Economy. We show that Smith states in Theory of Moral Sentiments some tensions facing the sympathy once the bonds of affection between members of the same society began to reveal weak. This lead Smith into the study of Jurisprudence, the study of a society of strangers that need a common identification under a State that imposes rules of justice unveiled by science. In his Lectures on Jurisprudence, Smith finds that the division of labor was the result and the ultimate expression of opulence and freedom of humanity. These conduct him to answer why does the division of labor contribute to opulence and why does the division of labor brings about man’s freedom and these two questions ended in the creation of The Wealth of Nations.
Balancing the budget: can the Swiss debt brake end endless U.S. deficits?
Authors: Larson Sven
Published: December 2016

The United States is the world’s leading issuer of treasury bonds, and according to current forecasts there is no end in sight to annual budget deficits. Evidence strongly suggests that persistent deficits are closely associated with depressed growth, raising the possibility that a permanent end to U.S. deficits would permanently increase the country’s economic growth. However, with nearly a half-century long, almost unbroken line of deficits it is unlikely that Congress will rise to the occasion and end borrowing on its own. Suggesting that the United States needs budget-balancing regulations, possibly at the constitutional level, this paper explores two types of balanced-budget measures: deficit-elimination and debt-capping.
The correlation between management power and risk in the Italian companies
Authors: Scarabino Raffaella
Published: December 2016

The shareholders can not directly manage the business but they have powers of pulse and control by voting right that is essential for the correct functioning of the company. In 1942 the Italian legislature, although with some exceptions, adopted One share – One vote rule. The legal framework changed significantly after the enactment of corporate law reform in 2003. The objective of this research is to examine the status of the principle of correlation between management power and risk in the context of the regulatory framework of Italian public companies, as it emerged after the enactment of above mentioned corporate law reform in 2003.
The relationship between liquidity risk and probability of default: Evidence from the Euro area
Authors: Cucinelli Doriana
Published: December 2016

The main objective of this study is to analyze the type of relationship that exists between liquidity risk - measured with the liquidity coverage ratio and the net stable funding ratio - and the probability of default. The sample is composed of 575 listed and non-listed Eurozone banks and the methodology applied in the analysis is OLS regression based on panel data. The results show a relationship only between the liquidity coverage ratio and credit rating, while there is no relationship between the longterm liquidity measure and probability of default. In relation to the crisis, the results highlight divergent bank liquidity management only in the short time horizon.
The importance of the impact of political risk factors in South Africa
Authors: Essel Rudolf , Mostert Frederik J.
Published: December 2016

Political risk factors often impact negatively on the financial results of an enterprise, industry, geographical region or an entire country. In severe cases they may even lead to financial disasters. Previous research (by Essel) identified 10 specific political risk factors which are common to emerging market economies. As South Africa is a developing country with an emerging market economy, these 10 political risk factors should also be present in this country. This paper focuses on the importance of the impact of political risk factors on an agent’s total annual claims amount when underwriting political risk insurance in South Africa. The objective of this research paper embodies the improvement of financial decision-making by a particular enterprise, industry, geographical region or country operating in an emerging market economy, pertaining to the importance of the impact of political risk factors. A literature study as well as an empirical survey was done to achieve the study’s objective. The conclusions of this research should also be valuable to other enterprises, industries, geographical regions or countries which operate in an emerging market economy.
The valuation performance of equity-based multiples in South African context
Authors: Nel W.S. , Bruwer B.W. , le Roux N.J.
Published: December 2016

Despite the popularity of multiples among analysts in practice, the emerging market literature offers little empirical guidance for the use thereof. This paper investigates the relative valuation performance of various value drivers when valuing the equity of South African companies listed on the JSE Securities Exchange for the period 2001-2010. The empirical results revealed, among other findings, that earnings-based value drivers offered the highest degree of valuation accuracy, while cash flowand sales-based value drivers offered the lowest degree of valuation accuracy. Dividend- and assetbased value drivers offered average results. An interesting phenomenon was that, contrary to popular belief, cash flow-based value drivers only offered marginal improvements in valuation accuracy viz-à-viz sales-based value drivers; and not consistently so.
Chasing the deal with the money: Measuring the required risk premium and expected abnormal returns of private equity funds to maximize their internal rate of return
Authors: Scarpati Fernando , Ng Wilson
Published: December 2016

A number of scholars of private equity (“PE”) have attempted to assess the ex-post returns, or performance, of PEs by adopting an ex-post perspective of asset pricing. In doing so a set of phenomena has been recognized that is thought to be specific to the PE sector, such as “money-chasing deal phenomenon” (Gompers and Lerner, 2000) and “performance persistence” (Lerner and Schoar, 2005). However, based on their continuing use of an ex-post perspective, few scholars have paid attention to the possible extent to which these and other PE phenomena may affect expected returns from PE investments. To address this problem this article draws on an ex-ante perspective of investment decision-making in suggesting how a number of drivers and factors of PE phenomena may produce “abnormal returns”, and that each of those drivers and factors should therefore be considered
in accurately assessing the required risk premium and expected abnormal returns of PE investments. In making these contributions we examined a private equity investment of a regional PE in Italy and administered a telephone questionnaire to 40 PEs in Italy and the UK and found principally that while size is the most important driver in producing abnormal returns illiquidity alone cannot explain the expected returns of PE investments (cf. Franzoni et al., 2012). Based on our findings we developed a predictive model of PE decision-making that draws on an ex-ante perspective of asset pricing and takes into account PE phenomena and abnormal returns. This model extends the work of Franzoni et al. (2012), Jegadeesh et al. (2009), and Korteweg and Sorensen (2010) who did not consider the possible influence of PE phenomena in decision-making and will also help PE managers in making
better-informed decisions
Corporate social disclosure by public enterprises: Evidence from a less developing African country
Authors: Kabir Md. Humayun
Published: December 2016

The study investigates Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) information disclosure practices of a sample of public enterprises operating in a less developing African country (i.e. Swaziland) over the years 2008 and 2010. Corporate annual reports and other relevant documents were used to extract CSR disclosure information. The study used content analysis of CSR information appearing in the corporate reports. Content analysis was measured in accordance with number of words. The paper examines five major categories of CSR disclosure such as environmental performance and policies, human resources, community activities, fair business practices, and human rights. Findings show that the trend of increasing amounts of corporate social information disclosure amongst the enterprises from 2008 to 2010 has not increased significantly. Results show that human resources disclosure issues were greatest followed by community involvement and then by environmental related issues. There was no attempt to disclose human rights issues by the enterprises. This study contributes to the literature on CSR reporting practices by public enterprises in the context of less developing African countries.
Introducing risk modeling in corporate finance
Authors: Joaquin Domingo Castelo , Kang Han Bin
Published: December 2016

This paper aims to introduce a simulation modeling in the context of a simplified capital budgeting problem. It walks the reader from creating and running a simulation in a spreadsheet environment to interpreting simulation results to gain insight and understanding about the problem. The uncertainty lies primarily in the level of sales in the first year of the project and in the growth rate of sales thereafter, manufacturing cost as a percentage of sales, and the salvage value of fixed assets. The simulation is carried out within a spreadsheet environment using @Risk.
(Re)insurance captives, efficiency and moral hazard. An attractive manner of risk financing and risk management for companies in certain circumstances
Authors: Weterings Wim Weterings
Published: December 2016

In this study the contribution is intended to provide more clarity and to demonstrate that under certain circumstances an insurance captive can have important efficiency effects and, among other things, a positive effect on moral hazard and adverse selection. For the purpose of acquiring more information on insurance captives and their operation, literature research was augmented by interviews conducted with the director of an insurance captive of a Dutch multinational, as well as with representatives from AON and Marsh, two major insurance brokers/consultancy firms in risk management that are often involved in the establishment and management of a captive.
The governance of risk arising from the use of spreadsheets in organisations
Authors: Minter Tessa , Correia Carlos
Published: December 2016

The key to maximising the effectiveness of spreadsheet models for critical decision making is appropriate risk governance. Those responsible for governance need, at a macro level, to identify the specific spreadsheet risks, determine the reasons for such exposures and establish where and when risk exposures occur from point of initiation to usage and storage. It is essential to identify which parties could create the exposure taking cognisance of the entire supply chain of the organisation. If management’s risk strategy is to control the risks then the question reverts to how these risks can be prevented and/or detected and corrected? This paper attempts to address each of these critical issues and to offer guidance in the governance of spreadsheet risk. The paper identifies the the risk exposures and sets out the responsibilities of directors in relation to spreadsheets and the spreadsheet cycle. Spreadsheet risk exposure can be managed in terms of setting the control environment, undertaking risk assessment, providing the requisite information and communicating with internal and external parties as well as implementing spreadsheet lifecycle application controls and monitoring activities.
The future of international banking regulations in response to the financial crisis of 2007/2009: After Basel III then what next?
Authors: Isebor Joseph E.
Published: December 2016

The financial crisis 2007-2009 will not be forgotten in a hurry because of its impact on the global financial system almost replicating the Great Depression. Major and causal factors contributed to the financial crisis, and this prompted the establishment of Basel III to contain the crisis. Basel III introduced improved capital and liquidity rules, but still could not contain the crisis. This leaves regulators with questions of how to prevent another financial crisis in the future. Evidences suggest that the financial market is evolving because of its complex and changing nature, and so are the international banking regulations (Basel I, Basel II and Basel III) that support the system in terms of maintaining economic and financial stability. It is clear that Basel III will not stop the next financial crisis even though the Basel accords continue to evolve in response to maintaining economic and financial stability, with the core purpose of preventing another financial crisis. Uncertainties lies ahead, and regulators cannot be sure of what will likely cause the next crisis, but indications suggest that the financial markets and international banking regulations in the form of Basel accords will continue to evolve.
Stock market and foreign direct investment in Zimbabwe
Authors: Tsaurai Kunofiwa
Published: December 2016

This study investigates the causality relationship between stock market and foreign direct investment. The subject has been contentious in recent years with three theoretical rationales emerging. The first being that FDI net inflows boost stock market by increasing the amount of funds into the host country’ economy. The second suggests that FDI inflows forces the host country government to embrace market friendly policies, regulations and controls that end up boosting stock market. The third theoretical rationale mentions that well-developed and functioning stock markets attracts FDI as multinational firms perceive such a market as a friendly environment whose government is more open to the international community. Using the bi-variate causality test framework, this study discovered that there exists a long run relationship between stock market and FDI net inflows in Zimbabwe. However, the direct causality relationship from either stock market to FDI or from FDI to stock market development could not be found. This implies that stock market development and FDI net inflows in Zimbabwe are indirectly related to each other via some factors whose investigation should be a subject of another research.
The evolution of public and private investment in Zimbabwe
Authors: Makuyana Garikai , Odhiambo NM
Published: December 2016

This paper aims to put the spotlight on the evolution of both public and private investment in Zimbabwe, as they responded to the economic policies implemented from 1965 through to 2011. With the adopted inward-looking policy in 1965, the massive core of infrastructural growth in public investment became a catalyst to the high level of private investment growth. The perpetuated market-intervention policy in 1980 later resulted in the growth of public investment. Despite the adoption of a market economy in the 1990s, the envisaged cut in public investment did not occur. Very few State enterprises had been privatised by the year 2000; and there was a reversal to the market-intervention strategy during the period 2000 to 2011. Notwithstanding the government’s efforts to boost both private and public investment in Zimbabwe, the country still faces a number of challenges, as do many other African countries. These challenges include, amongst others: (i) The high national debt overhang; ii) low business confidence; (iv) liquidity constraints; (v) low industrial competitiveness; and (vi) an inadequate infrastructure.