bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Concept of Differential Effective Mobility in MOS Transistors
Authors: Bennamane K. , Ghibaudo G.
Published: March 2019

A new concept of differential effective mobility is proposed. It characterizes the effective mobility of an increment of drain current resulting from a small increase of inversion charge in MOSFET channel. It allows us to show that the effective mobility can be described by a local electric field approach and not entirely by an effective electric field model.
Effect of WSP, a Chinese Herbal Formula, on Th17/Treg Ratio and HBeAg Seroconversion in Telbivudine-Treated HBeAg-Positive Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with High Baseline ALT Levels (20–30 Times the ULN)
Authors: Zhang Yang , Wang Yi-Tong , Luo Jian-Xing , Hu Xiao-Yu , Yang Fang , Lin Wu , Liang Xiao , Zhao Bing-Jie , Zhang Song , Chen Yuan-Yuan
Published: March 2019

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a global health problem. Clinically, many patients have baseline alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels above 20 times the upper limit of normal (ULN), but there are few reports about these patients. The prospective randomized placebo-controlled clinical study was designed to investigate the effect of WSP, a Chinese herbal formula, on telbivudine- (LDT-) treated HBeAg-positive CHB patients with high baseline ALT levels (20–30 times the ULN) and kidney-yang deficiency syndrome. Eligible patients were randomized to receive LDT 600 mg/day in combination with WSP (treatment group) or placebo granules (control group) 16.28 g/day for 52 weeks. The results showed that HBeAg seroconversion (SC) rate (44.1%) in the treatment group (n=34) was significantly superior to that (20.6%) in the control group (n=34) at 52 weeks (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, WSP could promote HBV DNA negative conversion (85.3% versus 61.8%, P < 0.05) and ALT normalization (94.1% versus 76.5%, P < 0.05) compared with the placebo. There were no drug-related serious adverse events. During the treatment, the peripheral blood Th17/Treg ratio first increased and then decreased in the treatment group and reached the peak at 12 weeks (P < 0.05). At 12, 24, 36, and 52 weeks, Th17/Treg ratio in the treatment group was better than those in the control group (all P < 0.05). In addition, the patients (n=22) with HBeAg SC had higher Th17/Treg ratio than the patients (n=46) without SC at 12 weeks (0.68±0.26 versus 0.43±0.18, P < 0.001). In conclusion, WSP could safely enhance HBeAg SC and promote HBV DNA negative conversion and ALT normalization in LDT-treated HBeAg-positive CHB patients with high baseline ALT levels (20–30 times the ULN) and kidney-yang deficiency syndrome. Th17/Treg ratio was not only related to the mechanisms of WSP but also a good predictor of 52-week HBeAg SC.
Prediction of Slipper Pressure Distribution and Leakage Behaviour in Axial Piston Pumps Using ANN and MGGP
Authors: Özmen Özkan , Sınanoğlu Cem , Batbat Turgay , Güven Ayşegül
Published: March 2019

The pressure distribution (PD) and leakage between the slipper and swash plate in an axial piston pump (APP) have a considerable impact on the pump efficiency, affecting aspects such as the load bearing and wear performance of the slipper. Herein, multigene genetic programming (MGGP) and artificial neural network (ANN) machine learning methods (MLMs) are incorporated into a novel approach towards predictive modelling of the PD and leakage on the slipper, which can function hydrostatically/hydrodynamically. Experimentally measured data are used as input for the MGGP and ANN models. The validity of the MGGP and ANN models is verified using test data excluded from the analyses. In addition, the model results are compared with analytic equations (AEs). Both MLMs are found to exhibit strong agreement with the measured data. In particular, the ANN model exhibits superior prediction performance to the MGGP model and AEs.
Prevalence and Predictors of Obesity and Overweight among Adults Visiting Primary Care Settings in the Southwestern Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Qahtani Awad Mohammed
Published: March 2019

Introduction. Obesity is becoming the most common health problem of the 21st century, as it will contribute significantly to the high prevalence of cardiovascular disease in developing countries. The main objective of our study was to estimate the prevalence of obesity and overweight among adults attending primary health care settings, southwestern region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods. The studied population was composed of adults visiting primary health care centres in the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was carried out on a representative sample of 1681 adult patients. Obesity and overweight were defined according to the WHO standards. Statistical analysis was conducted using the statistical package SPSS 17.0. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of obesity and overweight in the studied population. Results. Data on body mass index (BMI) measurement was recorded for 1649 out of 1681 participants (98.1%). The overall mean weight was 74.1 ± 15.81 kg; and that for men was 77.69 ± 16.14 kg vs. 69.37 ± 14.02 kg for women with significant statistical difference of p < 0.001. The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was, respectively, 38.3% and 27.6%. Smoking was not significantly associated with obesity, whereas hypertension was significantly associated with obesity. The risk of overweight or obesity significantly increased from the highest to the lowest monthly income; it passed from 1.67 CI 95% = [1.24-2.25] within the category 5000-7000 SAR to 2.23 CI 95% = [1.71-2.90] within the category less than 5000 SAR. Conclusion. Our study showed high prevalence of overweight and obesity which should be considered as a public health concern to be followed by specific interventions at the community level with multidisciplinary activities starting from childhood as a primordial prevention program.
Deep Learning Network for Multiuser Detection in Satellite Mobile Communication System
Authors: Qing yang Guan , Shuang Wu , Ya-Ru He
Published: March 2019

A multiuser detection (MUD) algorithm based on deep learning network is proposed for the satellite mobile communication system. Due to relative motion between the satellite and users, multiple access interference (MUI) introduced by multipath fading channel reduces system performance. The proposed MUD algorithm based on deep learning network firstly establishes the CINR optimal loss function according to the multiuser access mode and then obtains the best multiuser detection weight through the steepest gradient iteration. Multilayer nonlinear learning obtains interference cancellation sharing weights to achieve maximum signal-to-noise ratio through gradient iteration, which is superior than the traditional serial interference cancellation algorithm and parallel interference cancellation algorithm. Then, the weights with multiuser detection through multilayer network forward learning iteration are obtained with traditional multiuser detecting quality characteristics. The proposed multiuser access detection based on deep learning network algorithm improves the MUD accuracy and reduces the number of traditional multiusers. The performance of the satellite multifading uplink system shows that the proposed deep learning network can provide high precision and better iteration times.
Exploring Passengers’ Travel Behaviors Based on Elaboration Likelihood Model under the Impact of Intelligent Bus Information
Authors: Wu Fan , Hu Xiaowei , An Shi , Zhang Duo
Published: March 2019

The ubiquitous intelligent transportation infrastructure in metropolitan cities has enabled bus passengers to access comprehensive (even real-time) bus information. However, the impact of different types of information on passenger behavior is still insufficiently understood. Combining with the theory of information processing path, this study partially fills this gap by adopting an elaboration likelihood model (ELM) suitable for explaining how the various types of intelligent bus information influence passengers’ choice behavior. Six types of intelligent bus information (information of bus lines, estimated travel time, estimated time of arrival, congestion inside bus, road congestion, and bus fare) are used as six independent variables, and passengers’ departure time, travel routes, and travel modes as dependent variables. Valid questionnaire assessments were collected from 285 participants at 4 bus stops equipped with intelligent bus system in Harbin, providing quantitative data to verify each hypothesis. The results show that six types of intelligent bus information to different degrees (significant influence, slight influence, and no significant influence) affect three types of passengers’ choice behaviors; the information of estimated travel time and that of road congestion are both significantly effective in all three types of choice behavior while bus fare has no significant influence. Meanwhile, other types of information have a significant or slight effect on certain behavior. The results of this study can be used to design more reasonable intelligent bus information provision strategies to meet passengers’ requirements.
Air Pollution, Clustering of Particulate Matter Components and Breast Cancer
Authors: White AJ , Keller JP , Zhao S , Kaufman JD , Sandler DP
Published: March 2019

To evaluate the relationship between air pollution, particulate matter (PM) components and breast cancer risk in a U.S.-wide prospective cohort. Methods. We estimated annual average ambient outdoor residential levels of PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 using a land- use regression model for 49,533 Sister Study participants (breast cancer-free women with a sister with breast cancer) living in the contiguous U.S. Predictive k-means was used to assign participants to clusters defined by PM2.5 components profile to evaluate the impact of heterogeneity in the air pollution mixture. Participants were also separately clustered by geographic region, without regard to air pollution mixture. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for invasive breast cancer risk associated with an interquartile range (IQR) increase in pollutants (PM2.5: 3.6 μg/m3, PM10: 5.8 μg/m3, NO2: 5.8 parts per billion (ppb)). For PM2.5, the association was stratified by component cluster membership. Results. During follow-up (mean = 8.4 years), 2,349 invasive cases were identified. There was little to no increase in risk for invasive breast cancer overall in relation to these air pollutants. However, we observed a higher risk of invasive breast cancer associated with an IQR increase in PM2.5 (HR IQR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.03–1.28), PM10 (HRIQR = 1.05, 95% CI 0.99–1.11) and NO2 (HRIQR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.10–1.21) for women in the Western U.S. Associations also varied by clusters derived from PM2.5 component profiles. PM2.5 was associated with a 28% higher risk of invasive breast cancer (95% CI: 1.00–1.64) in a California-based cluster characterized by low sulfur fractions and high fractions of sodium and nitrate. An elevated, although less precise, risk was observed for another Western U.S. cluster (HR = 1.63, 95% CI: 0.92–2.88), characterized by high fractions of Si, Ca, K and Al. Conclusions. Air pollution measures were related to invasive breast cancer for certain subgroups of women, defined by geographic region and PM component profiles. Particulate matter (PM) is a complex mixture and consideration of geographic variability and mixture components may impact observed associations with breast cancer.
Caregiver Intention To Restart Vaccinations After Childhood Cancer Treatment
Authors: Warner EL , Mann K , Kaddas HK , Martel L , Pannier S , Knackstedt B , Fair D , Fluchel M , Kepka D , Kirchhoff AC
Published: March 2019

Timely vaccination after childhood cancer treatment is vital for protecting against vaccine-preventable diseases during survivorship. However, caregiver intention for restarting vaccinations, such as getting catch-up or booster vaccines, after cancer treatment is unknown. Methods: We surveyed primary caregivers ages 18 or older with a child who had completed cancer treatment in the prior 3–24 months (N = 129; participation rate = 60.3%). Participants were asked about demographics, their child's vaccination status, and healthcare factors (e.g., provider recommendations, barriers). We examined the influence of whether the oncology care team recommended catch-up or booster vaccines on caregiver intention to restart vaccines using multivariable generalized linear models. Vaccine barriers were examined by intention in chi- square tests. Results: Caregivers were primarily aged 30–49 years (82.0%), mothers (81.2%), college graduates (44.8%), married (89.1%), and Non-Hispanic (90.3%). In total, 67% of caregivers intended to restart vaccines for their child and 49.6% reported that they had a discussion with the cancer care team about catch-up or booster vaccines. Caregivers who discussed vaccines with their child's cancer care team were much more likely to report intention to restart vaccination (Relative Risk (RR) = 1.82, 95% CI 1.37–2.45). The most common barrier to restarting vaccines after cancer was not knowing which vaccines to get, which was common across both groups (intend to restart = 31% vs. did not intend = 40.5%, P = 0.29). Of caregivers, 93.1% who intended to restart vaccines felt vaccines were safe compared to 79.5% of those who did not (P = 0.02). Conclusions: Caregivers of childhood cancer survivors need guidance for restarting vaccinations after cancer treatment, including information on safety and which vaccines their child needs. Provider recommendations positively influence caregiver's intention to restart vaccines. Clinical guidelines are needed to support providers in making tailored vaccination recommendations after cancer treatment.
Detecting Effective Tobacco Control Messages via Linguistic Analysis and Item Response Theory
Authors: Kim SJ , Fuemmeler BF
Published: March 2019

Current health communication research on tobacco control often examines the persuasion effects of messages in an experimental setting, which produces small effect sizes and limits the external validity of how well the tested messages will perform in real word settings. In the new media landscape, (anti)smoking and (anti)vaping messages are posted, shared, and disseminated across media platforms by a broader set of users. Tracking the persuasion effects of each message can be challenging with the experimental approaches. Novel analytic methods are needed to evaluate the effective strategies for tobacco control communication. We apply linguistic analysis and item-response theory to antismoking/antivaping messages to detect their persuasion effects on cognitive and emotional outcomes at an individual message level. Methods: We recruited respondents from social media and crowdsourcing platforms (n = 6,566). The eligible current smokers were randomly assigned to one of the 80 antismoking and antivaping messages, or 16 food advertisements (the control group). We measured attitudes toward vaping/smoking, emotional arousal, and intention to quit smoking or vape. We mined text data from each stimulus message to examine their linguistic characteristics and its links to the persuasion outcomes. Results: Majority of participants were White (86%) and female (55%). Antismoking messages were more likely to reveal anxiety (P = 0.01) and dangers or concerns (P < 0.01), compared to the control messages; and express high expertise and confidence compared to antivaping messages (P = 0.04). We report linguistic properties of each message and their relationship to antismoking attitudes, emotional arousal, intention to quit cigarettes, and intention to vape. Visualized patterns of message effectiveness demonstrate text/image-based antivaping messages, compared to video-based antivaping messages, unintentionally increased participants' favorable attitudes toward e-cigarettes. Conclusions: These message-level analyses can help identify best candidate messages that generate positive persuasion outcomes, which, in turn, can inform the selection of messages for health education and campaigns.
A Hope-Based Intervention to Address Disrupted Goal Pursuits and Quality of Life in Young Adult Cancer Survivors
Authors: Berg CJ , Vanderpool RC , Getachew B , Johnson MF , Payne JB , Sandridge Y , Bierhoff J , Kelly J , Effinger KE , Demark WW , Duffy S , Mertens A
Published: March 2019

In this pilot study, we assessed feasibility and acceptability, and obtained efficacy parameters of an app based 8-week program focusing on a hope- based intervention to address the disruption of goal pursuits among young adult cancer survivors in order to ultimately increase quality of life. Methods: This 8-week app-based intervention program, known as AWAKE (Achieving Wellness After Kancer in Early Life), consists of educational videos, mood/activity tracking, and telephone-based coaching to promote goal-oriented thinking and quality of life (QOL) in young adult cancer survivors (YACSs). Fifty-seven YACSs (18–40 years old), two years post treatment were recruited from two NCI-designated cancer centers and randomly assigned to AWAKE (n = 38) or an attention control (n = 19). Both AWAKE and attention control group received weekly coaching calls. The app content for the AWAKE intervention group included 8 weekly modules specifically targeting the needs of young adult cancer survivors; the content delivered via text for those in attention control focused on personal finances. At weeks 0, 8, and 24, we assessed hope (via the Trait Hope Scale) and QOL (via the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General). Results: The mean age was 32.2 years old, and 75.0% were female, 77.6% non- Hispanic White, 61.2% employed, and 67.3% married/stable union. Diagnoses included breast cancer (28.6%), hematologic malignancies (12.2%), and melanoma (12.2%). Weekly adherence to AWAKE averaged 86.1% (range: 100.0% at week 1 to 75.7% at week 8). Retention at end-of-treatment was 90.7%. Among AWAKE participants, 90.9% were satisfied with AWAKE and would recommend AWAKE to friends with cancer; >84.8% reported that AWAKE components were helpful. Despite being underpowered to detect efficacy, changes in hope and QOL outcomes trended in the hypothesized directions. Conclusion: AWAKE was a feasible and acceptable approach; changes in hope and some measures of QOL trended in the hypothesized direction. AWAKE has the potential to address disrupted goal pursuits and enhance QOL among YACSs. Future research is needed to examine AWAKE's efficacy in a larger RCT. Future research is needed to examine AWAKE's efficacy in a larger RCT.
No Evidence for Posttreatment Effects of Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation on Risk of Colorectal Adenomas in a Randomized Trial
Authors: Calderwood Audrey H. , Baron John A. , Mott Leila A. , Ahnen Dennis J. , Bostick Roberd M. , Figueiredo Jane C. , Passarelli Michael N. , Rees Judy R. , Robertson Douglas J. , Barry Elizabeth L.
Published: March 2019

Vitamin D and calcium supplementation are postulated to have chemopreventive effects against colorectal neoplasia, yet in our previously reported randomized trial, there was no overall efficacy of calcium and/or vitamin D3 against colorectal adenoma recurrence. It is possible vitamin D3 and calcium chemopreventive effects are not detectable until beyond the 3- to 5-year follow-up captured in that trial. Accordingly, we explored possible vitamin D and calcium effects on posttreatment (observational) adenoma occurrence. In this secondary analysis of the observational follow-up phase of the Vitamin D/Calcium Polyp Prevention Study, participants who completed the treatment phase were invited to be followed for one additional surveillance colonoscopy cycle. We evaluated adenoma occurrence risk at surveillance colonoscopy, with a mean of 55 ± 15 months after treatment follow-up, according to randomized treatment with vitamin D versus no vitamin D, calcium versus no calcium, and calcium plus vitamin D versus calcium alone. Secondary outcomes included advanced and multiple adenomas. Among the 1,121 participants with observational follow-up, the relative risk (95% confidence interval, CI) of any adenoma was 1.04 (0.93–1.17) for vitamin D versus no vitamin D; 0.95 (0.84–1.08) for calcium versus no calcium; 1.07 (0.91–1.25) for calcium plus vitamin D versus calcium; and 0.96 (0.81–1.15) for calcium plus vitamin D versus neither. Risks of advanced or multiple adenomas also did not differ by treatment. Our results do not support an association between supplemental calcium and/or vitamin D3 for 3 to 5 years and risk of recurrent colorectal adenoma at an average of 4.6 years after treatment.
Association of miR-197-5p, a Circulating Biomarker for Heart Failure, with Myocardial Fibrosis and Adverse Cardiovascular Events among Patients with Stage C or D Heart Failure
Authors: Liu Wei , Zheng Junmeng , Dong Jianzeng , Bai Rong  , Song Deli , Ma Xiaohai , Zhao Lei , Yao Yan , Zhang Haibo , Liu Tong
Published: March 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify heart failure (HF)-specific circulating micro-RNAs (miRNA), and examine whether the selected miRNAs correlate with myocardial fibrosis and are reflective of the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events in patients with stage C or D HF. Methods: Circulating miRNAs which were expressed in end-stage HF patients and matched healthy controls were detected by microarray analysis and validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to determine whether the selected circulating miRNAs could be prognostic factors in HF patients. Results: In a cohort of 7 healthy controls and 9 patients with stage C or D HF, 7 miRNAs were differentially expressed. These miRNAs were further investigated in a second cohort of 80 patients with stage C or D HF and 30 healthy controls. Only miR-197-5P correlated with fibrosis as seen in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in patients under the age of 50 years with stage C or D HF (r = 0.42, p = 0.008). Multivariate analyses revealed that miR-197-5P was also a risk factor for composite endpoint events in patients under the age of 50 years with stage C or D HF. Conclusion: miR-197-5P is a circulation miRNA that correlates with MF and adverse cardiac events in HF patients under the age of 50 years.
Will Teens Go Red? Low Cardiovascular Disease Awareness Among Young Women
Authors: Gooding Holly C. , Brown Courtney A. , Liu Jingyi , Revette Anna C. , Stamoulis Catherine , de Ferranti Sarah D.
Published: March 2019

Background

The American Heart Association Go Red for Women campaign has improved awareness of cardiovascular disease (
CVD
) among adult women aged 25 years and older. Little is known about awareness among younger women.

Methods and Results

We assessed awareness of
CVD
and prevention efforts among 331 young women aged 15 to 24 years using the American Heart Association National Women's Health Study survey. We compared responses from this cohort to the 2012 American Heart Association online survey of 1227 women aged 25 years and older. Only 33 (10.0%) young women correctly identified
CVD
as the leading cause of death in women. This was significantly lower than awareness among all adult women in 2012 (785 [64.0%]) and among women aged 25 to 34 years (90 of 168 [53.6%]) (
P
<0.01 for both). Many young women in the current study (144 [43.5%]) said they were not at all informed about
CVD
; most worried little (130 [39.2%]) or not at all (126 [38%]) about
CVD
. Young women did report engaging in behaviors known to reduce risk of
CVD
, although not considering oneself at risk was cited as the number one barrier to engaging in prevention behaviors.

Conclusions

Young women are largely unaware of
CVD
as the leading cause of death for women. Given that most young women are not worried about
CVD
and their 10‐year risk for
CVD
events is low, campaigns to promote heart‐healthy behaviors among younger women should underscore the benefits of these preventive behaviors to current health in addition to reductions in lifetime risk of
CVD
.
Thinking Machines and Risk Assessment: On the Path to Precision Medicine
Authors: Garratt Kirk N. , Schneider Mark A.
Published: March 2019

See Article by
Al'Aref et al
Greening of the Heart and Mind
Authors: Balmes John R.
Published: March 2019

See Article by
Wang et al
Body Surface Potential Mapping and Left Circumflex Occlusion: Unmasking the Hidden Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kontos Michael C.
Published: March 2019

See Article by
Daly et al
Letters, 1972–1973
Authors: Damisch Hubert , Schapiro Meyer
Published: March 2019

Between January 1972 and December 1973 French art-historian/philosopher Hubert Damisch and American art-historian Meyer Schapiro exchanged forty-four letters. During this short period, the two scholars discussed many issues concerning the state of art history and its relationship to semiotics and psychoanalysis. A recurring topic was Freud's famous lapse of memory concerning the name of the Renaissance artist Luca Signorelli—what to make of the lapsus in art-historical terms and how to make use of it in analyzing Signorelli's cycle of frescoes at the Cathedral of Orvieto in Italy. Damisch was then beginning to work on a book devoted to the subject while Schapiro was writing a small essay on the topic.
Three new species of the apterous Carventinae genus Vietnamaptera (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Aradidae) from China
Authors: BAI XIAOSHUAN , HEISS ERNST , CAI WANZHI
Published: March 2019

The monotypic genus Vietnamaptera Zhang et al. 2010 was erected for the conspicuous apterous Carventinae species V. bogiessa from Vietnam. Aradid collections from Yunnan Province in China contained three new species belonging to this genus, which are described and figured. A key to the four species is given and photos of the hitherto unknown male of Signocoris kaszabi Hoberlandt 1958 are presented.
Synopsis of Aspidepyris Evans, 1964 (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae)
Authors: AZEVEDO CELSO O.
Published: March 2019

Aspidepyris Evans, 1964 is an Epyrinae genus with two known Neotropical species. The taxonomic knowledge of its species is summarized. Aspidepyris austrinus Evans, 1967 and A. foveolatus Evans, 1964 are revised and illustrated. Additional taxonomic variations are added and geographic distribution is broadened. Aspidepyris is recorded from Trinidad & Tobago, Colombia, and Argentina for the first time. A key for both species is firstly provided.
Two new species of Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955 with a deep dorsal depression on the carapace (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae)
Authors: ANKER ARTHUR
Published: March 2019

Two closely related species of the alpheid shrimp genus Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955 are described as new, viz. S. excavatus sp. nov. from the tropical eastern Pacific (Panama, Colombia), and S. depressus sp. nov. from the western Atlantic (Panama, Venezuela, Barbados). The two species share the presence of a dent-like, deep, longitudinal depression on the dorsal surface of the carapace, a feature unique within Salmoneus, the Alpheidae, and possibly the infra-order Caridea, as well as several other characters, thus forming a transisthmian sister species pair.
A new pleurostomatid ciliate, Amphileptus salignus n. sp. (Protozoa, Ciliophora), from mangrove wetlands in southern China
Authors: CHEN RUIMIN , LIN XIAOFENG , WARREN ALAN
Published: March 2019

The morphology and infraciliature of a new brackish water pleurostomatid ciliate, Amphileptus salignus n. sp., collected from mangrove wetlands in southern China were investigated using observations of live cells and the protargol impregnation method. Amphileptus salignus can be separated from its congeners by its large cell size, the presence of 4 left and 24–29 right somatic kineties, two kinds of extrusomes, the number and location of contractile vacuoles, and its habitat.
The Relationship Between Foot Feature Parameters and Postural Stability in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Mun Kyung-Ryoul , Chun Sungkuk , Hong Junggi , Kim Jinwook
Published: March 2019

Objective:

Little has been explored about the disparate contribution of medial longitudinal arch (MLA) and lateral longitudinal arch (LLA) to human gait and postural stability. This study aims to investigate the correlation of foot feature parameters including both MLA and LLA with postural stability.

Method:

Thirteen young and healthy subjects participated in this study. The newly developed FFMS extracted foot feature parameters in nonweight-bearing (NWB) and weight-bearing (WB) conditions along with postural stability parameters in single-leg-standing (SLS) condition. A bivariate correlation analysis was carried out to investigate the correlation between the foot characteristics and the postural stability parameters.

Results:

The foot length and width showed negative correlation with center of pressure (CoP) distance in medio-lateral (ML) and total direction, whereas the foot length in NWB and WB conditions, and the foot width in WB condition showed positive correlation with CoP distance in anterior-posterior (AP) direction. The height of the LLA curve and the area of the MLA were correlated with the postural stability parameters in AP direction. The ratios of the LLA height and area showed moderate correlation with the CoP distance in ML direction and total direction.

Conclusion:

The size of a foot, such as the length and width, is correlated with postural stability. Whereas the MLA features are associated with postural stability in AP direction, the LLA features are associated with that in ML and total direction.

Application:

The findings suggest that the roles and contributions of the MLA and LLA features in and to the postural control are different.
R v BM: Errors in the Judicial Interpretation of Body Modification
Authors: Walker Samuel
Published: March 2019

R v BM is the latest case to consider the exceptions to the Offences Against the Person Act 1861 (OAPA). The exceptions allow an action causing injury that would be a criminal offence to become lawful if the person injured consents to the action. The consequences of this judgment is that body modifications are categorised as medical procedures (and therefore subject to the medical exception only) and new exceptions should not be developed on a case by case basis, instead allocating development of the exceptions to Parliament. Two implications follow from the BM judgment. First, it provided a limited definition of body modifications which are now categorised as medical procedures. Secondly, their Lordships have restricted further development of the lawful exceptions to offences against the person. This is a lost opportunity for developing the common law exceptions to the OAPA through an autonomy-based liberal judicial interpretation.
Ethnicity, nonviolent protest, and lethal repression in Africa
Authors: Hendrix Cullen S , Salehyan Idean
Published: March 2019

Why do governments use deadly force against unarmed protesters? The government’s threat perception may be a function of the mobilization potential of the opposition and/or the size of the ruling elite’s support coalition. Given the high salience of ethnicity in African politics, governments that depend on small ethnic coalitions will see peaceful protests as more threatening, as the opposition may be able to draw on larger numbers of potential dissidents and excluded groups. Alternately, governments with larger, more homogeneous ethnic coalitions will find nonviolent mobilization less threatening and will be less likely to respond with deadly force. Using the Social Conflict Analysis Database, we demonstrate that as the size – and to a lesser extent homogeneity – of the ethnic ruling coalition grows, governments are significantly less likely to use deadly force against nonviolent protesters. This finding is robust to several operationalizations of the size of the government’s support coalition, the inclusion of other measures of ethnic demographics, and estimators that account for the hierarchical nature of the data. Threat perception hinges not only on dissident tactics but on their demands, their mobilization potential, and their capacity to impose costs on the government. This article demonstrates that the size and composition of the government’s ethnic support base matters as well.
Liturgy: Local and Contextual or Controlled from Above? A Nordic Perspective: Liturgical Renewal and Development in the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland in the Past Three Decades
Authors: Hulmi Sini
Published: March 2019

Is the liturgy local and contextual and growing from below, or is it controlled from above? Does the liturgy belong to the people and to the congregation, and are they allowed to use it in their own way? Or is the liturgy the property of the Church, which gives strict orders for its use? Is it powerful men and women, meaning those people with authority, and the institutions (for example, the Church Synod and the Bishops’ Conference) who define the methods and ways in which liturgy is enculturated? Or do the ways of inculturation involve development from below, from the common people, even the poorest and most humble believers, at the congregational level? The balance between these two aspects—top-down and bottom-up worship—has repeatedly shifted over the last three decades, and there have been tensions between them in the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland. The goal of this essay is to clarify the reason for this confusing situation related to authority, fixed orders and the creative development of liturgical life.
Sociology Students as Storytellers: What Narrative Sociology and C. Wright Mills Can Teach Us about Writing in the Discipline
Authors: Mannon Susan E. , Camfield Eileen K.
Published: March 2019

The Writing in the Disciplines approach encourages writing instruction in specific majors so that students learn the writing conventions of their discipline. As writing instructors, however, the role of the sociologist is problematic. Not only has standard sociological writing been jargon laden, it has privileged a clinical style of writing. Thus, we ask whether learning sociology also means learning how to write poorly or at least narrowly. Drawing from narrative sociology, we suggest that mainstream sociological writing should be viewed as a writing genre—one of many genres that students, and sociologists themselves, can choose from. Framing sociologists as both truth tellers and storytellers, we invite sociology instructors to consider at least three alternative genres for assignment in the classroom: life stories, fiction stories, and visual stories. Finally, we offer C. Wright Mills as a model for how to think like a sociologist while still writing well.
Bridging the gap: Harp teachers on teaching orchestral playing
Authors: Lonnert Lia
Published: March 2019

Although orchestral playing is a dominant practice within Western classical music, and one that many students participate in from a young age, some students do not have adequate opportunities to participate. Since harp students often come to orchestral playing later than other instrumentalists, harp teachers are concerned with enabling their students to learn orchestral playing in a relatively short time. For this study, six orchestral harpists who are also teachers were interviewed. The findings show that harp teachers intentionally taught orchestral playing during one-to-one lessons, aiming to prepare their students to continue learning within the orchestral context. They aimed to bridge the gap between lessons and practice, methodically preparing them musically, technically, practically and emotionally for the complex orchestral environment. While students of other instruments might acquire this complex knowledge from extended orchestral experience, student harpists must learn it in a relatively short time. These harp teachers’ descriptions of their teaching practice shed light on how orchestral playing is learned by all instrumentalists.
Novel kinetics model for adsorption of pollutant from wastewaters onto zeolites. Kinetics of phenol adsorption on zeolite-type silicalite
Authors: Petkovic Sandra , Adnadjevic Borivoj , Jovanovic Jelena
Published: March 2019

The kinetics of isothermal adsorption of phenol from an aqueous solution onto the zeolite-type silicalite was investigated. Zeolite-type silicalite was synthesized and its basic physico-chemical properties were determined. Isothermal adsorption kinetics curves of phenol on zeolite-type silicalite were measured at temperature range from 283 to 313 K. By applying Friedman’s differential isoconversional method it was found that the adsorption of phenol on silicalite has one rate determining step. By using the ‘model-fitting’ method it was established that the kinetic of adsorption can be described with theoretical kinetic model of the two-dimensional phase-boundary controlled reaction (model R2). The kinetic parameters, activation energy ([Formula: see text]) and preexponetial factor ( lnA = 14.1 min−1) of phenol adsorption were calculated. The thermodynamic parameters, standard enthalpy (Δ H*), standard entropy (Δ S*) and standard free Gibbs energy of adsorption (Δ G*) were calculated and discussed. A novel model for the kinetics of pollutant adsorption from wastewaters onto zeolites based on the following: zeolite pores have cylindrical shape with average radius r0, pores in zeolite are filled simultaneously by the model ‘layer by layer’, the rate of phenol adsorption is higher than the rate of the growth of the thickness of the adsorption layer was suggested. It has been found that the adsorption kinetics can be completely described by this kinetic model.
Association between BRCA1 polymorphisms rs799917 and rs1799966 and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Meiming , Du Xiaoli , Zhang Feng , Yuan Shifang
Published: March 2019

Background

Several studies have reported correlations between BRCA1 polymorphisms rs799917 and rs1799966 with the risk of breast cancer (BC). However, this relationship remains controversial.

Methods

We conducted a meta-analysis of seven studies to assess the associations between BRCA1 rs799917 and rs1799966 and BC risk, with the aim of more accurately determining the potential correlation. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated to evaluate the correlation of rs799917 and rs1799966 with BC risk.

Results

There was no overall correlation between BRCA1 rs799917 and BC risk (TT vs CC: OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.66–1.16; CT vs CC: OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.89–1.15; dominant model: OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.88–1.11; recessive model: OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.65–1.16). Subgroup analysis by ethnicity also revealed no significant correlation between rs799917 and BC risk in either Asians or Caucasians. There was also no significant association between BRCA1 rs1799966 and BC risk (GG vs AA: OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.33–1.47; AG vs AA: OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.35–1.30; dominant model: OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.49–1.06; recessive model: OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.49–1.36).

Conclusion

BRCA1polymorphisms rs799917 and rs1799966 were not significantly associated with BC risk in this meta-analysis.
Planning Communities for All Ages
Authors: Warner Mildred E. , Zhang Xue
Published: March 2019

Using a 2013 national survey of 1,474 U.S. communities, we differentiate communities that address the needs of children and seniors in planning and zoning codes, and their impacts on the built environment at the street, neighborhood, and housing levels. Structural equation modeling results show engagement and professionalism are the most important drivers of multigenerational planning and zoning codes, and zoning has the greatest impact on built environment outcomes. Denser, larger communities are more child- and age-friendly. Rural communities and places with more seniors lag in response. Attitudes and income are not barriers to action, which gives hope for change.
Examining the Role of Workplace Spirituality and Teacher Self-efficacy on Organizational Citizenship Behaviour of Secondary School Teachers: An Indian Scenario
Authors: Mahipalan Manju , Sheena  , Muhammed Sudheer
Published: March 2019

Research on workplace spirituality is on the rise primarily because of the win-win situation it creates for both employees and organizations. Spirituality at work has been associated with many individual-level work behaviour and attitudes. Also, self-efficacy is another significant construct which considerably affects individual work experiences. The current study focuses on the relationship between workplace spirituality, self-efficacy and organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) in secondary school teachers. It examines whether spirituality and teacher efficacy could predict citizenship behaviour of teachers. Additionally, the influence of spirituality on self-efficacy is also looked at. Data were collected from 353 teachers working in state-run schools in one of the southern states in India. Using structural equation modeling, the study finds that positive relationships exist between different dimensions of workplace spirituality, teacher efficacy and two categories of OCBs. The study contributes to the growing empirical research on workplace spirituality and the underexplored area of teacher OCB.
Lost in translation: Gaps between law and practice in customer-perpetrated sexual harassment
Authors: Walker Hannah , Easteal Patricia , Ballard Allison , Blake Karen
Published: March 2019

In this article, we build on existing research into sexual harassment in a retail environment by adding the perspectives of managers/employers and lawyers to describe the major social and legal variables that impede disclosure and legal remedies in customer-perpetrated sexual harassment. We identify that, if tested, employers may be legally responsible for sexual harassment perpetrated by customers if they have not proactively sought to minimise or prevent harm. We conclude that customer-perpetrated sexual harassment needs to be urgently recognised as unacceptable conduct and urge employers to play a key role in combating the phenomenon.
Counteracting Climate Science Politicization With Effective Frames and Imagery
Authors: Bolsen Toby , Palm Risa , Kingsland Justin T.
Published: March 2019

Politicization of science occurs when the inherent uncertainty of science is emphasized to cast doubt on scientific consensus. Climate change has become particularly susceptible to this kind of politicization. In this article, we report the results of a survey experiment in which we manipulated text frames and visual imagery associated with two types of environmental hazards linked to climate change—sea level rise with associated flooding and increased heat levels with associated drought and wildfires. We present evidence that the use of visual imagery can counter the effects that science politicization has on climate change beliefs and behaviors.
Effects of pharmacist interventions on reducing prescribing errors of investigational drugs in oncology clinical trials
Authors: Moon Jin Young , Lee Yeonhong , Han Ji Min , Lee Mi Hyung , Yee Jeong , Song Mi Kyung , Kim Young Ju , Gwak Hye Sun
Published: March 2019

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of pharmacist intervention in reducing and preventing prescribing errors of investigational drugs for cancer patients.

Materials and methods

A retrospective study was conducted during two periods: a baseline period from December 2015 to June 2016 and an intervention period from July 2016 to February 2017. The investigational drug service (IDS) pharmacists performed active interventions during the intervention period.

Results

Among 12,387 investigational drug orders, 395 (6.1%) prescribing errors were detected in 6477 orders at the baseline period, and 278 errors (4.7%) were detected in 5,910 orders at the intervention period. To identify factors that affect prescribing errors, three models were constructed for the multivariate analysis. Among factors affecting prescribing errors, sponsor initiated trial (SIT) was the strongest factor (AOR: 4.16, 95% CI: 3.31–5.23). Pharmacist intervention reduced prescribing errors by at least 25% in all constructed models after adjusting for confounding variables. Prescribing errors were 1.3 times higher when dealing with intravenous medications than when dealing with oral medications. There were 60% fewer prescribing errors in the blinded study than in the open study. SIT and multi-center/multi-nation studies had 4.2 and 2.4 times more frequent prescribing errors than in investigator-initiated trials (IIT) and single-center/single-nation studies, respectively. Fewer errors occurred in phase 2 and trials covering both phase 1 and phase 2 (phase 1/2) than in phase 3 trials.

Conclusions

The IDS pharmacist intervention in cancer clinical trials was associated with significant reductions in prescribing errors and may lead to increased medication safety.
Non-linear Transitions: An Intergenerational Longitudinal Study of Today’s Young Women in Education and Work
Authors: Walsh Lucas , Keary Anne , Gleeson Joanne
Published: March 2019

Labour markets are characterized by uncertainty and youth transitions by change. This longitudinal study of three generations of Australian women from nine families suggests something more nuanced, featuring continuities and discontinuities threaded throughout the lives of daughters, mothers, grandmothers and aunts interviewed over three decades. Discussion focuses on the most recent generation of interviewees, following some of the threads of their testimonies back through previous generations of family to reveal similarities and some differences in their navigation of education and work. The findings suggest that the pathways of women today are more fluid but no more disrupted than previous generations, urging continued wider reflection on the concept of transition in youth studies and related relational, spatial and temporal dimensions of study and working life. Though problematic, the transitions metaphor still has meaning in the non-linear journeys of women as they navigate their ways from school to post-school life.
Tribological response of MoS2 coated and oxy-nitrided samples with alternative extreme pressure and anti-wear additives
Authors: Khan Thawhid , Tamura Yukio , Yamamoto Hiroshi , Neville Anne , Morina Ardian
Published: March 2019

Oxy-nitriding and MoS2 coatings are widely used surface modification techniques in industry to improve the friction and wear characteristics of components and interacting surfaces. To ensure optimum performance of components within tribological environments, it is crucial to ensure compatibility between surfaces and lubricants, as the break-down of the lubricating film could lead to seizure between interacting components. This study analyses the interaction of extreme pressure and anti-wear additives with two modified surfaces. The friction and tribofilm formation behaviour were investigated using a Mini Traction Machine fitted with a 3D Spacer Layer Imaging Method. The chemical composition of the species formed after testing was analysed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This study found that the properties of the modified surfaces and their interaction with the various lubricant additives impact their tribological performance. With the oxy-nitrided samples, no real effect on friction was observed when using the sulphurised olefin or tricresyl phosphate additives, mostly due to lack of interaction with the less reactive iron nitride layer and their roles as anti-wear additives. However, when using the sulphurised olefin additive with the MoS2-coated sample, a significant reduction in friction was observed with time. This was mostly likely due to the combined effect with the formation of FeS and MoS2 within the tribofilm.