bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Minimally invasive vessel-preservation spleen preserving distal pancreatectomy-how I do it, tips and tricks and clinical results
Authors: Abu Hilal Mohammad , Carvalho Lúcia , van Ramshorst Tess M. E. , Ramera Marco
Published: June 2023

Background

Minimally invasive spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy (SPDP) has emerged as a parenchyma-preserving approach and has become the standard treatment for pancreatic benign and low-grade malignant lesions. Nevertheless, minimally invasive SPDP is still technically challenging, especially when vessel preservation is intended. This study aims to describe the technique and outcomes of laparoscopic (LSPDP) and robot-assisted spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy (RSPDP) with intended vessel preservation, highlighting the important tips and tricks to overcome technical obstacles and optimize surgical outcomes.

Methods

A retrospective observational study of consecutive patients undergoing LSPDP and RSPDP with intended vessel preservation by a single surgeon in two different centers. A video demonstrating both surgical techniques is attached.

Results

A total of 50 patients who underwent minimally invasive SPDP were included of which 88% underwent LSPDP and 12% RSPDP. Splenic vessels were preserved in 37 patients (74%) while a salvage vessel-resecting technique was performed in 13 patients (26%). The average surgery time was 178 ± 74 min for the vessel-preserving and 188 ± 57 for the vessel-resecting technique (p = 0.706) with an estimated blood loss of 100 mL in both groups (p = 0.663). The overall complication rate was 46% (n = 23) with major complications (Clavien Dindo ≥ III) observed in 14% (n = 7) of the patients. No conversions occurred. The median length of hospital stay was 4 days.

Conclusion

This study presented the results after minimally invasive SPDP with intended vessel preservation by a highly experienced pancreatic surgeon. It provided tips and tricks to successfully accomplish a minimally invasive SPDP, which can contribute to quick patient rehabilitation and optimal postoperative results.

Graphical Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid production rate in various pathological conditions: a preliminary study
Authors: Tariq Kanza , Toma Ahmed , Khawari Sogha , Amarouche Meriem , Elborady Mohamed A. , Thorne Lewis , Watkins Laurence
Published: June 2023

Introduction

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production rate in humans is not clearly defined but is estimated to be 18–24 ml/h (Trevisi et al Croat Med J 55(4):377–387 (24); Casey and Vries Childs Nerv Syst 5(5):332–334 (8)). A frequent clinical observation is that patients often drain higher volumes of CSF than can be explained by the assumed ‘normal’ CSF production rate (PRcsf). In the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery PRcsf was recorded in a variety of common neurosurgical pathologies using LiquoGuard7, an automated peristaltic pump that accurately controls CSF drainage and maintains a pre-set CSF pressure.

Methods

A prospective observational study was performed from September 2021 onwards, on all patients in the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery who required CSF drainage as part of their ongoing treatment. The external drain was connected to a LiquoGuard7 pump (Möller Medical GmbH, Fulda, Germany), and the internal software of LiquoGuard7 was used to measure PRcsf. Statistical analysis used SPSS (version 25.0, IBM) by paired t test, comparing measured rates to hypothetical ‘normal’ CSF production rates calculated and published by Ekstedt (16–34ml/h) (Ekstedt J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 41(4):345–353 (14)), assuming a similar distribution.

Results

PRcsf was calculated in 164 patients. Suspected normal pressure hydrocephalus (n=41): PRcsf of 79ml/h±20SD (p<0.0001). Post-surgical CSF leak (n=26): PRcsf of 90ml/h±20SD (p<0.0001). Subarachnoid haemorrhage (n=34): PRcsf of 143ml/h±9SD (p<0.0001). Intracerebral haemorrhage (n=22): PRcsf of 137ml/h±20SD (p<0.0001). Spinal lesions (n=7): PRcsf of 130ml/h±20SD (p<0.0032). Pituitary adenomas (n=10): PRcsf of 29 ml/h±9SD (p<0.049). Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (n=15): PRcsf of 86ml/h±10SD (p<0.0001). Decompensated long-standing overt ventriculomegaly (n=4): PRcsf of 65ml/h±10SD (p<0.0001). Cerebral infection (n=5): PRcsf of 90ml/h±20SD (p<0.0001).

Conclusion

Net CSF production rate may be higher than expected in many conditions, as measured with new device LiquoGuard7 through the study of net flow rate, which may have implications for clinical decisions on CSF diversion. The conventional understanding of CSF production and circulation does not explain the findings of this study. More extensive studies are needed to validate this technique.
Do government knowledge production and use systems matter for global climate change adaptation tracking? Insights from Eastern Africa
Authors: Njuguna Lucy , Biesbroek Robbert , Crane Todd A. , Dewulf Art , Tamás Peter
Published: June 2023

National contexts play a critical role in shaping the transposition of international laws and agreements, such as the Paris Agreement. However, the relevance of national contexts when assessing global progress in adaptation to climate change has received little theoretical and empirical attention. To bridge this gap, we conduct a comparative study of government systems for producing and using policy knowledge on the livestock sectors of three Eastern Africa countries. We find distinct features within and between countries, which may explain variations in how adaptation progress is tracked. In particular, our study shows that prevailing administrative structures influence horizontal and vertical coordination, with implications for the flow of knowledge within government. The extent of coordination and the establishment of knowledge production procedures and accountability mechanisms affect the compatibility of the various knowledge streams in each country which, in turn, determines the potential for integrating adaptation tracking across the various administrative units. Our findings suggest that the effectiveness and feasibility of tracking adaptation progress over time and space will depend on the adequacy and successful linkage of tracking programs with existing systems of knowledge production and use. These findings underscore the relevance of a fit-for-context approach that examines how adaptation tracking can effectively be integrated into existing structures and processes while developing strategies for improving knowledge production and use.
Precarious Manhood Beliefs Are Positively Associated with Erectile Dysfunction in Cisgender Men
Authors: Walther Andreas , Rice Timothy , Eggenberger Lukas
Published: June 2023

The notions that manhood is hard to attain, easy to lose, and needs to be proven via public action constitute precarious manhood beliefs (PMB). PMB is a new concept and it remains unclear whether and how PMB relate to erectile dysfunction (ED) in cisgender men. The ability to achieve an erection remains considered as a cornerstone of masculinity and sexual performance can be conceived as a proof of one’s masculinity. In this context, ED can be received as sexual failure and a threat to a man’s masculinity and sense of adequacy. For these reasons, the hypothesis that PMB are associated with ED warranted empirical testing. In an anonymous online survey focusing on men’s mental health conducted in German-speaking countries of Europe, 507 cisgender men (Mage = 44.2, SDage = 15.2) completed measures on PMB, sexual function, self-stigma, social desirability, and conformity to traditional masculinity ideology (TMI). Multilinear regression analysis with stepwise introduction of relevant covariates evaluated potential associations between PMB and ED. Of a 507 cisgendered male sample, 63.1% reported an increased risk for ED based on previously established cutoff points. Elevated levels of PMB endorsement among the men predicted reduced sexual and erectile function in all models, even when accounting for relevant control variables such as age, education, self-stigma, social desirability, or conformity to TMI. Group comparisons revealed that the men suffering from ED showed higher levels of PMB endorsement but not self-stigma nor TMI relative to men without ED. PMB are significantly associated with ED. While determining causality will require further study, our results may support the hypothesis that higher levels of PMB endorsement may lead to increased tension to perform sexually, resulting in increased psychological pressure and a higher risk to develop ED.
Spatial patterns of nitrogen isotope ratios in forest soils are related to latitude and soil phosphorus concentration
Authors: Spohn Marie , Stendahl Johan
Published: June 2023

The aim of this study was to identify the parameters that affect the nitrogen (N) isotope ratio (δ15N) in soils of temperate and boreal forests. We measured the δ15N in 30 soil profiles of temperate and boreal forests in Sweden and analyzed the relationships between δ15N in the soils and soil chemical properties as well as site characteristics. In addition, we conducted a meta-analyses of δ15N in the organic layer of European forests. We identified two types of δ15N patterns; in type D soils, the δ15N in the mineral soil decreases with depth, whereas in type C soil, the δ15N in the soil profile is almost constant. Type D soils had a significantly higher δ15N in the organic layer and upper mineral soil than type C soils, which is likely due to N isotope fractionation by ectomycorrhizal fungi in the topsoil. Type D soils were found in boreal forests, but not in temperate forests. They had a significantly lower atmospheric N deposition rate than type C soils, by a factor of 2.3, and a significantly higher phosphorus (P) concentration of the organic layer than type C soils, by a factor of 1.5. We also found that the δ15N was negatively correlated with the N:P ratio of the organic layer (R2 = 0.21, p < 0.001). Across Europe, the δ15N of the organic layer was positively correlated with latitude (R2 = 0.58, p < 0.001), and negatively with mean annual temperature (R2 = 0.52, p < 0.001) and atmospheric N deposition (R2 = 0.42, p < 0.001). In conclusion, our results show that the δ15N of the organic layer and microbial N (re-)cycling in forest soils is positively related with latitude and the P concentration of the organic layer.
Sex Differences in Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation in Relation to Resting Heart Rate Variability
Authors: Min Jungwon , Koenig Julian , Nashiro Kaoru , Yoo Hyun Joo , Cho Christine , Thayer Julian F. , Mather Mara
Published: June 2023

Prior studies suggest that sex differences in emotion regulation (ER) ability contribute to sex disparities in affective disorders. In behavioral studies, females rely more on maladaptive strategies to cope with emotional distress than males. Neuroimaging studies suggest that males more efficiently regulate emotion than females by showing less prefrontal cortex activity (suggesting less effort) for similar amygdala activity (similar regulation outcome). However, physiological studies involving heart rate variability (HRV) indicated that, compared with males, females have higher resting HRV, indicative of parasympathetic dominance and better control of emotion. To help resolve these apparently inconsistent findings, we examined sex differences in how resting HRV relates to brain activity while using cognitive reappraisal, one of the adaptive strategies. Based on 51 males and 49 females, we found that females showed different levels of self-rated emotional intensity and amygdala activity for negative versus positive emotions, while males did not. Females also showed greater overall prefrontal cortex activity but similar levels of amygdala activity compared to males. Sex differences in how resting HRV related to brain activity during ER were evident only during viewing or regulating positive emotion. The results suggest that sex differences in the neural correlates of ER and resting HRV might lie in valence more than arousal modulation.
Comparison of Resting-State EEG Network Analyses With and Without Parallel MRI in Genetic Generalized Epilepsy
Authors: van de Velden Daniel , Stier Christina , Kotikalapudi Raviteja , Heide Ev-Christin , Garnica-Agudelo David , Focke Niels K.
Published: June 2023

Genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) is conceptualized as a brain disorder involving distributed bilateral networks. To study these networks, simultaneous EEG-fMRI measurements can be used. However, inside-MRI EEG suffers from strong MR-related artifacts; it is not established whether EEG-based metrics in EEG-fMRI resting-state measurements are suitable for the analysis of group differences at source-level. We evaluated the impact of the inside-MR measurement condition on statistical group comparisons of EEG on source-level power and functional connectivity in patients with GGE versus healthy controls. We studied the cross-modal spatial relation of statistical group differences in seed-based FC derived from EEG and parallel fMRI. We found a significant increase in power and a frequency-specific change in functional connectivity for the inside MR-scanner compared to the outside MR-scanner condition. For power, we found reduced group difference between GGE and controls both in terms of statistical significance as well as effect size. Group differences for ImCoh remained similar both in terms of statistical significance as well as effect size. We found increased seed-based FC for GGE patients from the thalamus to the precuneus cortex region in fMRI, and in the theta band of simultaneous EEG. Our findings suggest that the analysis of EEG functional connectivity based on ImCoh is suitable for MR-EEG, and that relative group difference in a comparison of patients with GGE against controls are preserved. Spatial correspondence of seed-based FC group differences between the two modalities was found for the thalamus.
The special sauce of the Cancer Prevention and Control Research Network: 20 years of lessons learned in developing the evidence base, building community capacity, and translating research into practice
Authors: Wheeler Stephanie B. , Lee Rebecca J. , Young Alexa L. , Dodd Adam , Ellis Charlotte , Weiner Bryan J. , Ribisl Kurt M. , Adsul Prajakta , Birken Sarah A. , Fernández María E. , Hannon Peggy A. , Hébert James R. , Ko Linda K. , Seaman Aaron , Vu Thuy , Brandt Heather M. , Williams Rebecca S.
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The Cancer Prevention and Control Research Network (CPCRN) is a national network focused on accelerating the translation of cancer prevention and control research evidence into practice through collaborative, multicenter projects in partnership with diverse communities. From 2003 to 2022, the CPCRN included 613 members.

Methods

We: (1) characterize the extent and nature of collaborations through a bibliometric analysis of 20 years of Network publications; and (2) describe key features and functions of the CPCRN as related to organizational structure, productivity, impact, and focus on health equity, partnership development, and capacity building through analysis of 22 in-depth interviews and review of Network documentation.

Results

Searching Scopus for multicenter publications among the CPCRN members from their time of Network engagement yielded 1,074 collaborative publications involving two or more members. Both the overall number and content breadth of multicenter publications increased over time as the Network matured. Since 2004, members submitted 123 multicenter grant applications, of which 72 were funded (59%), totaling more than $77 million secured. Thematic analysis of interviews revealed that the CPCRN’s success—in terms of publication and grant productivity, as well as the breadth and depth of partnerships, subject matter expertise, and content area foci—is attributable to: (1) its people–the inclusion of members representing diverse content-area interests, multidisciplinary perspectives, and geographic contexts; (2) dedicated centralized structures and processes to enable and evaluate collaboration; and (3) focused attention to strategically adapting to change.

Conclusion

CPCRN’s history highlights organizational, strategic, and practical lessons learned over two decades to optimize Network collaboration for enhanced collective impact in cancer prevention and control. These insights may be useful to others seeking to leverage collaborative networks to address public health problems.
Mechanisms of action of NME metastasis suppressors – a family affair
Authors: Prunier Céline , Chavrier Philippe , Boissan Mathieu
Published: June 2023

Metastatic progression is regulated by metastasis promoter and suppressor genes. NME1, the prototypic and first described metastasis suppressor gene, encodes a nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) involved in nucleotide metabolism; two related family members, NME2 and NME4, are also reported as metastasis suppressors. These proteins physically interact with members of the GTPase dynamin family, which have key functions in membrane fission and fusion reactions necessary for endocytosis and mitochondrial dynamics. Evidence supports a model in which NDPKs provide GTP to dynamins to maintain a high local GTP concentration for optimal dynamin function. NME1 and NME2 are cytosolic enzymes that provide GTP to dynamins at the plasma membrane, which drive endocytosis, suggesting that these NMEs are necessary to attenuate signaling by receptors on the cell surface. Disruption of NDPK activity in NME-deficient tumors may thus drive metastasis by prolonging signaling. NME4 is a mitochondrial enzyme that interacts with the dynamin OPA1 at the mitochondria inner membrane to drive inner membrane fusion and maintain a fused mitochondrial network. This function is consistent with the current view that mitochondrial fusion inhibits the metastatic potential of tumor cells whereas mitochondrial fission promotes metastasis progression. The roles of NME family members in dynamin-mediated endocytosis and mitochondrial dynamics and the intimate link between these processes and metastasis provide a new framework to understand the metastasis suppressor functions of NME proteins.
Transcriptional landscape of mitochondrial electron transport chain inhibition in renal cells
Authors: Carta Giada , van der Stel Wanda , Scuric Emma W. J. , Capinha Liliana , Delp Johannes , Bennekou Susanne Hougaard , Forsby Anna , Walker Paul , Leist Marcel , van de Water Bob , Jennings Paul
Published: June 2023

Analysis of the transcriptomic alterations upon chemical challenge, provides in depth mechanistic information on the compound’s toxic mode of action, by revealing specific pathway activation and other transcriptional modulations. Mapping changes in cellular behaviour to chemical insult, facilitates the characterisation of chemical hazard. In this study, we assessed the transcriptional landscape of mitochondrial impairment through the inhibition of the electron transport chain (ETC) in a human renal proximal tubular cell line (RPTEC/TERT1). We identified the unfolded protein response pathway (UPR), particularly the PERK/ATF4 branch as a common cellular response across ETC I, II and III inhibitions. This finding and the specific genes elaborated may aid the identification of mitochondrial liabilities of chemicals in both legacy data and prospective transcriptomic studies.

Graphical abstract
Adopting Ocean-Themed Picture Books to Promote Ocean Literacy in Primary Education
Authors: Freitas Cátia , Francis Prue , Bellgrove Alecia , Venzo Paul
Published: June 2023

Children’s literature about the ocean is a valuable learning tool for increasing ocean literacy in formal education. This instruction is, nonetheless, reliant on teachers’ capacity to explore, appreciate and understand the different ways in which elements of picture books convey ocean concepts. As researchers who work collaboratively in marine science education and children’s literature, we analysed a targeted sample of picture books about a largely unknown temperate reef system on the southern coastline of Australia, the Great Southern Reef. Our exploration of these picture books' verbal and visual strategies showed how they can be used as model examples of scientifically accurate educational resources to deliver ocean concepts, increase awareness of a local marine environment, and promote positive attitudes towards science. The portrayal of scientists, particularly female scientists in these texts can also expand children’s perceptions and beliefs about who scientists are and how they work, and ultimately impact young people’s career choices. We argue that the analysis modelled in this article can be adapted to different selections of ocean-themed picture books. Therefore, we provide recommendations for educators in other regions of the world choosing picture books to improve ocean education in the context of other local marine environments.
Evaluation of historical and future thermal conditions for almond trees in north-eastern Portugal
Authors: Freitas Teresa R. , Santos João A. , Silva Ana P. , Fonseca André , Fraga Helder
Published: June 2023

The Trás-os-Montes agrarian region (TM; north-eastern Portugal) is a traditionally growing area of almond trees. However, climate change may significantly alter the current growing conditions and threaten sustainability. Chilling and forcing conditions in TM are assessed herein, also considering different varietal phenological timings. The dynamic model/chill portions (CP) and chilling hour (CH) models are used to assess the chilling phase. For the forcing phase, growing degree hours (GDH) and growing degree days (GDD) models are selected, hinting at differences between simpler (CH and GDD) and more complex models (CP and GDH). Furthermore, the climate change projections for these models are assessed. The models are computed using daily temperatures for baseline (Iberia01, 1971–2015) and two future periods (EURO-CORDEX: medium-term, 2041–2060, and long-term, 2061–2080), following two anthropogenic forcing scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). For the future, a five-member ensemble of regional-global climate model chains is used. Projections for CP and CH show decreases, mostly for RCP8.5, whereas projections for GDH and GDD reveal an increase in heat conditions until the beginning of summer. GDH shows that potentially damaging high temperatures during summer, effectively lead to a decrease in heat accumulation for almond trees. CP and GDH, more biologically effective, seem to be more accurate in capturing climate change impacts. For the three varietal groups, the late cultivar may experience a greater reduction of CP and GDH compared to early and mid-season varieties. Nonetheless, the increase in heat forcing should be more detrimental than the decrease in chilling conditions. Although almond production may be compromised in the future, adequate adaptation options are suggested to mitigate future losses of yield/quality and warrant its sustainability.
Computational approaches to detect experts in distributed online communities: a case study on Reddit
Authors: Strukova Sofia , Ruipérez-Valiente José A. , Gómez Mármol Félix
Published: June 2023

The irreplaceable key to the triumph of Question & Answer (Q & A) platforms is their users providing high-quality answers to the challenging questions posted across various topics of interest. From more than a decade, the expert finding problem attracted much attention in information retrieval research. Based on the encountered gaps in the expert identification across several Q & A portals, we inspect the feasibility of identifying data science experts in Reddit. Our method is based on the manual coding results where two data science experts labelled not only expert and non-expert comments, but also out-of-scope comments, which is a novel contribution to the literature, enabling the identification of more groups of comments across web portals. We present a semi-supervised approach which combines 1113 labelled comments with 100,226 unlabelled comments during training. We proved that it is possible to develop models that can identify expert, non-expert and out-of-scope comments peaking the AUC score at 0.93, accuracy at 0.83, MAE at 0.15 degrees and R2 score at 0.69. The proposed model uses the activity behaviour of every user, including Natural Language Processing (NLP), crowdsourced and user feature sets. We conclude that the NLP and user feature sets contribute the most to the better identification of these three classes. It means that this method can generalise well within the domain. Finally, we make a novel contribution by presenting different types of users in Reddit, which opens many future research directions.
Public response to decarbonisation through alternative shipping fuels
Authors: Carlisle Daniel P. , Feetham Pamela M. , Wright Malcolm J. , Teagle Damon A. H.
Published: June 2023

Although shipping is the most energy efficient method of transporting trade goods it is held accountable for 2–3% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The shipping industry is exploring pathways to carbon–neutral fuels to help eliminate GHG emissions by 2050. To date research on alternative fuels has not considered public opinion; it remains unclear whether the public will support alternative shipping fuels, or whether public opposition might prevent or defer their deployment. To fill this knowledge gap and help the industry and policy makers arrive at publicly acceptable decisions, our research examines UK public perceptions of six shipping fuels using a mixed-method approach. Our findings reveal that biofuels and hydrogen are clearly favoured, owing to biofuel’s perceived low risk and hydrogen’s lack of negative by-products. Perceptions of liquid natural gas are somewhat positive, suggesting that it provides an acceptable near-term option while other fuels are developed. Despite lingering stigma, nuclear is preferred over the incumbent heavy fuel oil, though both are perceived negatively. However, the UK public strongly dislike ammonia, perceiving it as unproven, risky, and lacking availability. A third support use of alternative shipping fuels, with support greater from those living near ports—a “yes in my back yard” effect. The results demonstrate that different alternative fuels are likely to elicit different public reactions as they become more widely known and show how the overall evaluations arise from specific positive or negative associations with each fuel.
The IAU recommended photometric system for ultraviolet astronomy
Authors: Gómez de Castro Ana I. , Brosch Noah , Bettoni Daniela , Beitia-Antero Leire , Scowen Paul , Valls-Gabaud David , Sachkov Mikhail
Published: June 2023

In the current era when access to space is becoming easier and at a lower cost thanks to the standardised cubesat technology, numerous missions are expected to be launched to observe, particularly, at ultraviolet wavelengths. Given the reduced dimensions of the telescope that a cubesat can carry, most of these missions will be focused on photometric surveys of a reduced sample of targets of interest, and therefore each mission will define their own photometric bands according to their scientific objectives and orbital constraints. However, in order to provide a coherent view of the ultraviolet sky, the data should be post-processed under a common framework. In 2017, the IAU working group on ultraviolet astronomy identified the need to define such a common framework for the upcoming ultraviolet missions, and coordinated the definition of a standard set of photometric bands that could serve for homogenizing the current and future data. This paper presents the procedure adopted by the working group for the definition of the standard photometric system, that was approved by the IAU during the General Assembly Business Sessions held in August, 2021. The photometric system consists of seven bands, denoted as UV1-UV7, all included in the range 115 - 400 nm. Some of these bands are based on existing filters, while others have been defined as theoretical bands with constant throughput. This system is to be regarded as a set of synthetic bands for post-processing the data of any mission, and an example of its application to the SPARCS cubesat is also included. The photometric bands are publicly available and can be downloaded from https://www.nuva.eu/uv-photometry/.
What are the “Purposes” of Buddhist Sūtras? From Vasubandhu’s Logic of Exegesis (Vyākhyāyukti)
Authors: Horiuchi Toshio
Published: June 2023

As its name implies, Vasubandhu’s Vyākhyāyukti (VyY) explains the logic or methodology (yukti) of exegesis or sūtra interpretation (vyākhyā) and only survives in a Tibetan translation. In recent years, research on this treatise has been gradually accumulating. However, due to the difficulty of the Tibetan translation, some of the arguments therein have been misunderstood. In this article, after reviewing the general framework of Vasubandhu’s method of interpreting the sūtras, I will present a newly discovered parallel regarding his discussion of the “purpose, prayojana” of the sūtras and reread it through a close philological examination of various sources in Sanskrit and Tibetan. Thus, this article will first elucidate the details of Vasubandhu’s explanation of the purpose of the Buddha’s preaching using synonyms and will clarify an aspect of his views on the Buddha’s word. In addition, concerning this “purpose,” I will elucidate the characteristics of the final chapter of this text, which provides stories about hearing the Buddha’s words with respect. By doing so, I would like to reveal the characteristics of the VyY as a manual for vivid preaching.
Three patterns for identifying the posterior plane of a lenticule during SMILE
Authors: Zheng Ke , Wang Jing , Zheng Xiaohong , Han Yinan , Zhou Xingtao
Published: June 2023

Purpose

To describe three patterns of posterior plane edge identification in small-incision lenticule extraction and to prevent lenticule mis-dissection.

Methods

Femtosecond laser application was performed for small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) by one surgeon. The surgical videos of SMILE were recorded and re-watched by the surgeon after operation.

Results

Small-incision lenticule extraction was performed in 52 eyes of 28 patients, and no patient had cap-lenticular adhesion. Three patterns of posterior plane of lenticule were noticed when the surgical videos were re-watched. A “double lines” attached to the dissector were visible, signifying the reflective tape of the edge of the lenticule and the cap. During the expansion of the posterior lamellar separation, a fusiform opening between the lenticule edge and the underlying matrix layer was assumed to be a “leaf sign.” With some unintentional operation, the posterior lamella was pushed away from the surgeon. The edge of the lenticule away from the anatomical part, the marking of the femtosecond laser cut, and the edge of the cap layer showed three reflective bands, which formed a “triple lines.” The “double lines,” “leaf sign,” and “triple lines” were observed in 30 eyes (57.7%), 21 eyes (40.4%), and 1 eye (1.9%), respectively.

Conclusion

These three signs cover possible situations and provide visual landmarks to identify the correct dissection of the posterior plane, which can help shorten the learning curve of novice doctors.
Visual-Motor Integration Deficits in 3q29 Deletion Syndrome
Authors: Pollak Rebecca M. , Burrell T. Lindsey , Cubells Joseph F. , Klaiman Cheryl , Murphy Melissa M. , Saulnier Celine A. , Walker Elaine F. , White Stormi Pulver , Mulle Jennifer G.
Published: June 2023

3q29 deletion syndrome (3q29del) is associated with neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental phenotypes. We previously reported that graphomotor weakness is present in up to 78% of individuals with 3q29del. We have now explored nuances of the graphomotor phenotype and its association with other comorbidities in this population. Participants were recruited from the online 3q29 registry (3q29deletion.org) for two days of deep phenotyping. 32 individuals with 3q29del (62.5% male) were evaluated with the Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (VMI) to assess visual-motor integration. Participants were also evaluated with measures of cognitive ability, executive function, adaptive behavior, and school function. Males with 3q29del performed significantly worse than females on the VMI and Motor Coordination subtest. VMI performance was significantly associated with ADHD diagnosis and cognitive ability. Compared to published data from individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, individuals with 3q29del showed significantly more impairment. The 3q29 deletion is associated with substantial deficits in visual-motor integration, Visual Perception, and Motor Coordination. Our data suggests that 3q29del may qualify as a nonverbal learning disability. Future studies should assess whether individuals with 3q29del would benefit from early interventions, including occupational therapy.
Screening of several microalgae revealed biopesticide properties of Chlorella sorokiniana against the strawberry pathogen Phytophthora cactorum
Authors: Jokel Martina , Salazar João , Chovancek Erik , Sirin Sema , Allahverdiyeva Yagut
Published: June 2023

Present agricultural production typically depends on the intensive use of synthetic pesticides with potentially harmful consequences for humans and the environment. To ensure food security for the rapidly rising global population it is necessary to develop more sustainable alternatives to synthetic pesticides. Microalgae possess a large diversity in antimicrobial compounds and are considered one of the most promising sustainable sources of novel biopesticides. Antimicrobial activities of 15 microalgae strains were investigated against a selection of seven common plant pathogens relevant to agricultural production. Several microalgae were identified posessing antimicrobial activity, with an extract of Chlorella sorokiniana showing the strongest growth inhibition of the plant pathogen Phytophthora cactorum. Different pre-treatments like freeze-drying, solvents with different polarities, and extraction methods were analyzed in regards to the level of antimicrobial activity of C. sorokiniana. The best C. sorokiniana extract demonstrated potential for biopesticide application on strawberry leaves infected with P. cactorum. This study reveals the potential of microalgae as natural biopesticide for organic or more sustainable regular agriculture.
The role of proline in the adaptation of eukaryotic microalgae to environmental stress: An underestimated tool for the optimization of algal growth
Authors: Barera Simone , Forlani Giuseppe
Published: June 2023

Microalgae are considered the most promising source of renewable fuels, high-value bio-products and nutraceuticals. Potentially, microalgae can satisfy many global demands, but in large-scale cultivation the average productivity of most industrial strains is lower than maximal theoretical estimations, mainly due to sub-optimal growth conditions. Although microalgae have developed complex strategies to cope with environmental stresses, cultivation in outdoor photobioreactors is limited to few species and it is not yet sufficiently remunerative. Indeed, most microalgal species are very sensitive to environmental conditions, and changes in solar irradiation, temperature, and medium composition can drastically decrease biomass yield. Developing new strategies for improving algal tolerance to stress conditions is thus greatly desirable. One of the first responses that occur in both higher plants and microorganisms following the exposure to abiotic stress conditions, is an increased synthesis and accumulation of the amino acid proline. While the role of proline accumulation in stress adaptation is well-recognized in higher plants, in microalgae the implication of proline in stress tolerance still awaits full elucidation. In this review we summarize available data on proline metabolism under environmental stress in eukaryotic microalgae. Possible implications toward optimization of algal growth for biotechnological purposes are also discussed.
Sensitivity of varve biogenic component to climate in eastern and central Finland
Authors: Salminen Sarianna , Saarni Saija , Saarinen Timo
Published: June 2023

Biogenic varves as well as the biogenic component of clastic–biogenic varves have great potential as climate and environmental proxies but the response of biogenic lamina thickness to variations in growing-season climate is not well known. The connection of biogenic lamina thickness with growing-season or open-water season climate has been the focus of a limited number of studies. We examined biogenic laminae deposited during the past 100 years in five Finnish lakes representing different catchment types. We compared variations in biogenic lamina thicknesses with growing-season temperature records and open-water-season precipitation records. Statistical analyses for the whole study period reveal that the studied lakes generally respond positively to variations in growing-season temperature and open-water season precipitation. This suggests that warm summers intensify primary production while precipitation enhances transportation of allochthonous biogenic material and nutrients into the lake. Both mechanisms lead to enhanced biogenic lamina thickness. Two lakes reveal a more complex relationship to climate. Biogenic lamina thicknesses record a distinguishable climate signal despite human activities in the catchments, such as peatland drainage and forest cutting. We conclude that variations in biogenic lamina thickness of such boreal (clastic)–biogenic varves show potential for growing-season climate reconstructions. However, the response of each lake to climate parameters should be tested and understood separately.
Association of CDSS score and 60-day mortality in Chinese patients with non-APL acute myeloid leukemia: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhong Huaqing , Chen Xianchun , Xiao Dejun , Luo Shi , Ji Yanhong , Xiao Zuomiao
Published: June 2023

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous hematological malignancy, and is one of the triggers of DIC, the latter is an essential factor in the early death of patients with AML. However, the timely identification of DIC remains a challenge. The Chinese DIC Scoring System (CDSS) is a common consensus widely used in China; but, there are few reports on its application in patients with AML. We undertake this retrospective cohort study to investigate the association between CDSS score and 60-day mortality. CDSS scores were evaluated after admission. The outcome was all-cause 60-day mortality. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to calculate the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Survival curves were plotted by Kaplan–Meier and log-rank analyses. Subgroup analyses were stratified by relevant effect covariates. A total of 570 consecutive patients with primary AML were included. We found an association between a 39% increase in 60-day mortality and a 1 point increase in CDSS score (HR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.25–1.54), which was associated with a 189% increase in 60-day mortality in CDSS scores ≥ 6 compared with that in the CDSS scores < 6 (HR = 2.89, 95% CI 1.91–4.38). After adjusting for all potential con-founders, a 27% and a 198% increase were observed (HR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.01–1.61; HR = 2.98, 95% CI 1.24–7.19), respectively. There is association between 60-day mortality and CDSS score in patients with AML. These findings may help hematologists in making informed treatment decisions.
Le monolithe. Gian-Carlo Rota et la déconstruction de la personnalité
Authors: Palombi Fabrizio
Published: June 2023

Le monolithe est la métaphore d’une interprétation de la personnalité humaine que Gian-Carlo Rota considère comme extrêmement périlleuse. Une partie de sa réflexion philosophique est consacrée à la critiquer, avec d’autres mythes répandus dans la culture con-temporaine. C’est une approche qui, sous certains aspects, peut être rapprochée de celle proposée par la déconstruction derridienne. L’article examine les occurrences et les acceptions du concept de « personnalité » dans les textes de Rota, afin de mettre en évidence l’influence de la psychanalyse existentielle et, plus généralement, celle de la réflexion phénoménologique de Jean-Paul Sartre. Dans cette perspective, le sens philosophique de ses brefs textes biographiques, inspirés par le style de Ennio Flaiano, et que Rota a consacré à quelques grands mathématiciens, sera éclairci.
Ambiguïté, infini, transcendance. Réflexions sur l’Évolution de la notion de nombre, après une lecture de Gilles Châtelet
Authors: André Yves
Published: June 2023

Pour Gilles Châtelet, « deux rythmes scandent l’“histoire des idées” : celui tout à fait discontinu des “coupures”, des paradigmes et de leurs réfutations, et celui des latences problématiques toujours disponibles à la réactivation et pleine de trésor » – en vue de laquelle il mobilise les notions cardinales de geste de pensée, stratagème allusif et virtualité.

Nous inspirant de ce point de vue, nous méditons sur l’évolution de la notion de nombre avec pour horizon la réactivation de la théorie des nombres transcendants, ensablée depuis quelques lustres ; soulignant « les latences problématiques », nous voyons cette évolution comme inséparable des deux thèmes de l’infini et de la symétrie. Alors que ces thèmes sont demeurés presque toujours disjoints, la réactivation de la transcendance pourrait dépendre d’une synthèse, dont nous esquis-sons les contours, encore flous, dans le cas d’une large famille de nombres appelés « périodes », selon une problématique initiée par Leibniz.
Gilles Châtelet, à contre-voix
Authors: Paoletti Catherine
Published: June 2023

Entendre le réel, avec et par la voix, ce qui ne cesse de ne pas s’écrire, c’est poser la question de et dans l’écriture. Une écriture instruite par une diagrammatique du montage, qui implique dans sa matérialité/immatérialité un rapport singulier au temps, à la voix, au sens, au recouvrement, aux croisements, à la transversalité, aux gestes de pensée, instruisant une véritable scène pour en élaborer les réserves propres, sous forme d’écriture spécifique : le sonore de l’écriture – cris, insurrection, soulèvement, révolution ou transport. Il ne s’agit rien de moins que de penser une politique de la voix et de ses usages contemporains à partir de Gilles Châtelet et Herbert Marcuse.
Human epidermal growth factor 2 overexpressed alpha-fetoprotein-producing-gastric cancer
Authors: Shimizu Hiroko , Kochi Mitsugu , Fujii Masashi , Watabe Megumu , Matsuno Yoritaka , Kawai Takaharu , Suda Hiroshi , Tanino Tomoyuki , Nakanishi Yoko , Masuda Shinobu , Okamura Yukiyasu
Published: June 2023

Purpose

This study aimed to elucidate the clinicopathological characteristics of α-fetoprotein (AFP)-producing gastric carcinoma (AFP-GC) with human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)2 overexpression to extend the treatment strategy for AFP-GC.

Methods

We analyzed 41 patients with AFP-GC who underwent surgical resection or chemotherapy from 1989 to 2019, and who had over 20ng/mL of serum AFP or positive immunohistochemical AFP expression. HER2 expression status was investigated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for all patients and by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for cases with an IHC score of 2+. AFP-GC with an IHC score of 3 + or 2 + and FISH positivity was defined as HER2 overexpressed AFP-GC. The correlation between HER2 status and clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis in AFP-GC was analyzed.

Results

HER2 overexpression was detected in 17.1% of AFP-GC patients. The prognosis of the patients with HER2 overexpressed AFP-GC was not significantly different compared to HER2 non-overexpressed AFP-GC. HER2 overexpressed AFP-GC consisted of heterogeneous histology with a higher proportion of mixed-type tumors (p = 0.002). The clinical outcome of AFP-GC with mixed-type of histology tended to be better than other intestinal or diffuse types (p = 0.05).

Conclusion

HER2 overexpressed AFP-GC consisted of a mixed type of histology, which showed a better prognosis. The results presented that HER2 status in AFP-GC is one of the molecular candidates to improve the prognosis.
The Taming of the Grounds
Authors: Saenz Noël Blas
Published: June 2023

As it is presently employed, grounding permits grounding many things from one ground. In this paper, I show why this is a mistake by pushing for a uniqueness principle on grounding. After arguing in favor of this principle, I say something about it and kinds of grounding, discuss a similar principle, and consider its import on a formal feature of grounding, ontology, and ontological simplicity.
Differences between Lyapunov exponents for the simple random walk in Bernoulli potentials
Authors: Kubota Naoki
Published: June 2023

We consider the simple random walk on the d-dimensional lattice
$\mathbb{Z}^d$
(
$d \geq 1$
), traveling in potentials which are Bernoulli-distributed. The so-called Lyapunov exponent describes the cost of traveling for the simple random walk in the potential, and it is known that the Lyapunov exponent is strictly monotone in the parameter of the Bernoulli distribution. Hence the aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of the potential on the Lyapunov exponent more precisely, and we derive some Lipschitz-type estimates for the difference between the Lyapunov exponents.
Electoral Systems and Geographic Representation
Authors: Carella Leonardo , Eggers Andrew
Published: June 2023

Who gets represented in legislatures, and how does this depend on electoral institutions? Others have asked this question from the perspective of gender, race, and class. We focus on space, asking whether MPs disproportionately come from some places rather than others and how this depends on electoral rules. Using data on over 13,000 legislators in sixty-two democracies, we developed a new measure to determine whether the spatial distribution of MP birthplaces matched the spatial distribution of the citizens they represented. Contrary to received wisdom, single-member district systems do not have more geographically representative parliaments than multi-member district systems, while mixed-member systems perform significantly better than both. We attribute the higher spatial representativeness of mixed-member systems to the contamination effects in their single-member tier. We present evidence for this explanation from a within-country analysis of elections in Italy, the UK, and Germany.
How agricultural land use affects the abundance and prevalence of monoxenous and heteroxenous helminths in the generalist lizardTropidurus hispidus
Authors: Brasileiro Ana Carolina , Fernandes de Carvalho Elvis Franklin
Published: June 2023

Among the forms of anthropogenic disturbance, agricultural land use is one of the main threats to biodiversity. Understanding how interactions between parasites and hosts are affected by agricultural land use allows predictions of how these anthropogenic impacts affect parasites. Although parasitism patterns are affected by agricultural land use, it is noteworthy that different groups of parasites can respond differently to these environmental alterations. While heteroxenous species need more than one host to complete their life cycle and tend to be more harmed by anthropization, monoxenous species, which need only one host to complete their life cycle, tend to be less harmed. In this work, we evaluate how agricultural land use affects the abundance and prevalence of parasitism for monoxenous and heteroxenous helminths in the generalist lizardTropidurus hispidusin Caatinga Domain, Brazil. We recorded differences in abundance and prevalence of heteroxeneous (higher in conserved areas) and monoxenous helminths (higher in agricultural areas). Heteroxenous helminths that have lizards as definitive hosts are mainly obtained through diet.Tropidurus hispiduspredominantly consumes insects, so it is possible that the lower abundance and prevalence of heteroxenous parasites in agricultural areas, beyond habitat simplification, is related to the decrease in the insect population. As monoxenous species do not need an intermediate host, it is possible that this aspect has influenced their greater success in anthropogenic environments than heteroxenous species. This contrasting result reinforces the need for a separate assessment between these groups when evaluating effects of land use.