bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on mechanical behavior and failure mechanism of specimens with single joint subjected to dynamic cyclical loading
Authors: Chen Miao , Yang Liu , Zang Chuanwei , Chen Yang , Qi Zhifeng , Kong Biao
Published: June 2023

Jointed rock masses are a common phenomenon in rock engineering and are vulnerable to cyclic loads caused by earthquakes, blasts, and traffic loads. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehend the fatigue characteristics of jointed rock masses under dynamic cyclic disturbance for long‐term stability assessments of rock engineering structures. This paper aims to investigate the effects of distinct joint inclinations under pre‐cyclic loading on the strength and failure characteristics of rock‐like specimens using experiments and numerical simulations. The results indicate that cyclic loading decreases the strength of the specimen, and the strength characteristics of the specimen are more apparent as the joint inclination angle becomes smaller. Furthermore, insights into different upper limit stress fatigue behaviors were gained by analyzing strength characteristics, crack propagation characteristics, and failure modes. Numerical results show that the damage degree of cyclic loading at high‐stress levels is linked to the joint inclination angle and carrying capacity of specimens, and high cycle stress levels have an impact on the failure mode of the specimen.
Stressors in a bottle: A microcosm study on phytoplankton assemblage response to extreme precipitation events under climate warming
Authors: Armstrong Margaret , Zhan Qing , Munthali Elias , Jin Hui , Teurlincx Sven , Peters Piet , Lürling Miquel , De Senerpont Domis Lisette N.
Published: June 2023

The climatic stressors that are affecting lake ecosystems, especially phytoplankton, are projected to become more intense with continued climate change (e.g., heatwaves, precipitation events). Concerns over the combined effects that multiple, coinciding stressors can have on phytoplankton necessitates investigating the impacts of different regional climate scenarios.

A microcosm study was conducted to assess the responses of a phytoplankton assemblage containing a cyanobacterium (Anabaena flos‐aquae), a green alga (Chlorella vulgaris) and a diatom (Synedra) to a northwestern European summer scenario. Eutrophic microcosms were exposed to a full‐factorial design including a press temperature treatment scenario (ambient or warm) and a pulse precipitation treatment (no runoff simulation or runoff simulation).

Warming scenarios had significant effects on the phytoplankton assemblage biomass, which supports our first hypothesis (H1: higher water temperatures under eutrophic conditions will support larger phytoplankton biomasses, especially cyanobacteria). By contrast, the extreme precipitation runoff event had minimal and short‐lived effects on the microcosm assemblage.

Overall, the interaction between the two climate stressors was antagonistic. In contrast with our second hypothesis (H2: nutrient additions from extreme precipitation runoff will promote more productivity in higher temperature microcosms), the precipitation runoff event was not amplified by temperature.

Our results indicate that the combined effect of two climate stressors on a phytoplankton community are not necessarily synergistic or multiplicative. Our findings on antagonistic interactions between climatic stressors necessitate future studies assessing variations of intensity and duration of the climatic stressors.
Migration and innovation in early modern Islamic societies. The case for firearms
Authors: Dewière Rémi
Published: June 2023

The objective of this article is to review the historiography of the relationship between migration and firearms technologies in the early modern Islamic World. By examining historiographical debates on the role of firearms in early modern Islamic societies, we will look at the place of migrants in the historical literature of firearms. During the colonial period, debates shifted from the alleged conservatism of Islamic societies regarding firearm technologies to their respective agencies in the diffusion of firearms in the early modern world. In this article, I will show that the historiography of firearm technologies in Islamdom exhibits a shift from essentialist arguments towards a history of technology transfers and the role of migrants in this process.
Apatite U–Pb dating of dinosaur teeth from the Upper Cretaceous Nemegt Formation in the Gobi Desert, Mongolia: Contribution to depositional age constraints
Authors: Tanabe Myu , Aoki Kazumasa , Chiba Kentaro , Saneyoshi Mototaka , Kodaira Shota , Nishido Hirotsugu , Mainbayar Buuvei , Tsogtbaatar Khishigjav , Ishigaki Shinobu
Published: June 2023

The Nemegt Formation in the Gobi Desert, Mongolia, hosts abundant dinosaur and other vertebrate remains, the ages of which are uncertain due to a lack of radioactive dating. In order to more strictly constrain the depositional age of Nemegt Formation, we conducted U–Pb isotope, trace elements, and Y‐screening analyses using laser‐ablation inductively‐coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) on apatites of five Tarbosaurus bataar teeth collected from the middle Nemegt Formation. As a result, the age of 66.7 ± 2.5 Ma was obtained from one of the samples which is suggested to be least affected by secondary alteration of the U distribution, and this can be interpreted as a lower limit for fossilization of the tooth samples. Combined with the previously suggested relative age of the Nemegt Formation based on faunal occurrences, our data supports the deposition of the middle–upper Nemegt Formation during the Maastrichtian stage. Given that the depositional age of the Nemegt Formation has not been examined by isotope dating directly using fossils and minerals from the formation, this study is the first to report that the depositional ages of the vertebrate‐bearing strata in the Gobi can be discussed by fossil apatite U–Pb dating in combination with the Y‐screening method.
Effects of Ti ion deposition on corrosion resistance of WE43 alloy
Authors: Li Lianhui , Zhang Zhiqiang , Bao Jiaxin , Qi Fugang
Published: June 2023

Ti films with different thicknesses were successfully deposited on the surface of WE43 alloy by filtered cathode vacuum arc technology, and the microscopic morphology, structural composition, and corrosion resistance of the films were studied by means of X‐ray diffractometer, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope. The results show that when the deposition time of Ti ions is 800 s, the thickness of the Ti film is 2.35 μm, the surface of the film is dense, and there are few defects. Meanwhile, Ti800 alloy has the best corrosion resistance among the four modified alloys. It has a corrosion current density (Icorr) of 2.9 μA·cm−2, which is about 50 times lower than that of unmodified alloy. This conclusion is also confirmed by the complete film layer of Ti800 alloy and the tight bonding with the substrate after immersion experiments. Good corrosion resistance is attributed to a dense and relatively chemically stable TiO2/Ti structure in simulated body fluid corrosive media.
Investors versus Workers: A Class‐Based Critique of International Investment Treaties
Authors: Müller Mirjam
Published: June 2023

Bilateral investment treaties constitute an important instrument to facilitate global investment. Recent discussions in political theory have highlighted several normative concerns raised by bilateral investment treaties. One worry is that investment treaties undermine national self‐determination as they grant investors far‐reaching protections that can be legally enforced. Another worry is that the benefits and burdens entailed in bilateral investment treaties are distributed unfairly in a way that benefits investors at the expense of states and disadvantaged groups within states. Instead of critiquing bilateral investment treaties from a perspective of global (distributive) justice, in this article I develop a class‐based critique. This involves a twofold departure. First, the article shifts the focus from distributions to the power relations that are built into the global capitalist economy and that come into sharp relief in the practice of global investment. Second, rather than focusing on the relation between states and investors, I claim that in a class‐based critique the relation between workers and investors should take centre stage. I argue that bilateral investment treaties are effectively an instrument of class domination, insofar as they reproduce and increase the power of transnational corporations while at the same time decreasing the power of workers.
Next‐generation mindfulness: A mindfulness matrix to extend the transformative potential of mindfulness for consumer, organizational, and societal wellbeing
Authors: Tobias Mortlock Jutta
Published: June 2023

This conceptual analysis contributes to extending the transformative potential of mindfulness for consumers and society by creating a mindfulness matrix that uncovers new linkages across previously siloed mindfulness literatures and by arguing that next‐generation mindfulness research and practice should draw on underexplored synergies between these. The paper makes three key contributions: First, it illustrates how a shift in understanding mainstream mindfulness from a predominate focus on the Self may create new opportunities for individual and collective wellbeing. Second, its mindfulness matrix offers an integrative mapping of relevant literatures to different motivations for engaging in mindfulness, suggesting opportunities for integration between diverse schools of thought. Finally, it argues that to broaden the scope of mindfulness to generate wisdom and transformative capacity in one and all, we need a stronger emphasis on understanding mindfulness as prosocial engagement. This offers new opportunities for research and interventions that promote consumer, organizational, and societal wellbeing.
The environmental impact and development direction of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella, aquaculture
Authors: Xing‐Guo Liu , Hong‐ye Shen , Zhao‐jun Gu , Guofeng Cheng , Jie Wang , Hao Zhu
Published: June 2023

Grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella, is the largest freshwater aquaculture fish species worldwide. However, its environmental impacts are increasingly controversial. In this paper, we considered the production of a 1500 g commercial grass carp as an example, analyzed through a life cycle assessment. The results showed that the indicators of global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential, eutrophication potential, freshwater eco‐toxicity potential (FAETP), land competition (LC), and fossil energy consumption of producing 1 kg of grass carp were equivalent to 5.7267 kg of CO2, 0.0648 kg of 1,4‐DCB0, 0.0010 kg of P, 0.0276 kg of SO2, 8.2951 m2, 0.3491 kg of oil, respectively, and were mainly from feed processing and water pollution. Compared with pig, beef, and sheep production, grass carp production has lower environmental impacts, but in terms of GWP, FAETP, and LC were significantly higher than chicken production, especially water pollution and discharge, which is an important consideration. This study clarifies the direction of grass carp production and key focus areas include producing low carbon and nitrogen emission feed, application of ecological engineering aquaculture system, intelligent mechanization technology and equipment.
The literacies‐as‐events in the day of a life of an octogenarian: literacies of thriving as habits of a lifetime and (im)materially constituted
Authors: Heydon Rachel , Stooke Roz
Published: June 2023

Much is known about the literacies of early life, adolescence and some aspects of adulthood such as workplace literacies, but there has been a dearth of attention to the literacies of late life. The invisibility of these literacies has the potential to skew how curricula, pedagogy and policy developers understand and plan for literacies that can sustain people across the life course. It also can play into deficit discourses of elders, such as those prevalent during the COVID‐19 pandemic, that have led to a parallel pandemic of ageism. To reverse this invisibility, this study aimed to bring to light the everyday literacies of thriving elders and the people, places and things involved therein. Through a sociomaterial orientation to literacies and adoption of a modified Day‐in‐the‐Life methodology, this paper reports on the everyday literacies of ‘Gina’, an octogenarian woman who resided in an assisted living residence in the United States and self‐identified as thriving. The study identified six key literacies‐as‐events in Gina's day that engaged a plethora of (im)material constituents such as memories, art materials and novels and created opportunities for the (re)invention of time and space. Lessons from Gina's day suggest what might be possible in/through literacies at all ages.
The genetics of immune and infection phenotypes in wild mice, Mus musculus domesticus
Authors: Cheynel Louise , Lazarou Luke , Riley Eleanor M. , Viney Mark
Published: June 2023

Wild animals are under constant threat from a wide range of micro‐ and macroparasites in their environment. Animals make immune responses against parasites, and these are important in affecting the dynamics of parasite populations. Individual animals vary in their anti‐parasite immune responses. Genetic polymorphism of immune‐related loci contributes to inter‐individual differences in immune responses, but most of what we know in this regard comes from studies of humans or laboratory animals; there are very few such studies of wild animals naturally infected with parasites. Here we have investigated the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in immune‐related loci (the major histocompatibility complex [MHC], and loci coding for cytokines and Toll‐like receptors) on a wide range of immune and infection phenotypes in UK wild house mice, Mus musculus domesticus. We found strong associations between SNPs in various MHC and cytokine‐coding loci on both immune measures (antibody concentration and cytokine production) and on infection phenotypes (infection with mites, worms and viruses). Our study provides a comprehensive view of how polymorphism of immune‐related loci affects immune and infection phenotypes in naturally infected wild rodent populations.
Experiential Attitude Reports
Authors: Liefke Kristina
Published: June 2023

One can remember events and one can remember facts: to remember an event (e.g. the barista's pouring my coffee this morning), one needs to have personally witnessed this event. To remember a fact (e.g. that the barista was trained in Italy), it suffices to have learned this fact from some other source. The distinction between event‐directed (i.e.experiential) and fact‐directed (orpropositional) attitudes is an established distinction in philosophy, psychology, and cognitive science that is also exemplified by other attitudes (incl. seeing, imagining, and dreaming). Until recently, semantics and the philosophy of language have assumed that experiential attitudes can be more or less straightforwardly reduced to propositional attitudes. However, new work has identified some key properties of experiential attitudes that cast doubt on this reducibility. The present paper discusses the most notable of these properties, focusing on experiential attitudereports. It links these properties to recent developments in formal and philosophical semantics in an effort to foster the development of a rigorous, empirically adequate account of experiential attitudes.
Time and Change in Chinese Buddhist Philosophy: From Sengzhao to Chan Buddhism
Authors: Liu JeeLoo
Published: June 2023

The philosophy of time and change in Chinese Buddhism originated in a short treatise written by an early Chinese monk, Sengzhao (c. 384‐414 CE). In this treatise, “On the Immutability of Things (wubuqianlun),” Sengzhao proposed a revolutionary theory of time and change that opposed the traditional Chinese notion of change established by Confucianism and Daoism. His thesis of the immutability of things also seemingly defies a fundamental Buddhist teaching about the impermanence of things. More than a thousand years after Sengzhao, a monk in the Ming dynasty, Kongyin Zhencheng (1546–1617) published the “Logical Investigation of the Thesis of No‐Motion of Things (Wubuqian zhengliang lun) to refute Sengzhao's theory of the immutability of things. Because of Sengzhao's esteemed status as one of the early founders of Chinese Buddhism, Zhencheng's critique of Sengzhao caused an uproar among his contemporaries. The ensuing exchange constituted one of the major debates in the history of Chinese Buddhism (Lin 2018; Liu et al., 2020; Fang 1998; Zhu 2012) and was considered a significant event in the “rise of Buddhist scholasticism” (Liu et al., 2020: 7). This entry will carefully analyze Sengzhao's treatise on time and the immutability of things, highlighting the philosophical disagreements between him and Zhencheng. It will also place Sengzhao in his philosophical lineage to examine how he derived insights from Kumarajiva and Nāgārjuna, and how he might have influenced Chan Buddhism's conception of time. This entry will present the uniqueness of Sengzhao's conception of time that marks his departure from the Chinese tradition.
Caged luciferins enable rapid multicomponent bioluminescence imaging
Authors: Navarro Mariana X. , Brennan Caroline K. , Love Anna C. , Prescher Jennifer A.
Published: June 2023

Bioluminescence is a sensitive technique for imaging biological features over time. Historically, though, the modality has been challenging to employ for multiplexed tracking due to a lack of resolvable luciferase–luciferin pairs. Recent years have seen the development of numerous orthogonal probes for multi‐parameter imaging. While successful, generating such tools often requires complex syntheses and lengthy enzyme evolution campaigns. This work showcases an alternative strategy for multiplexed bioluminescence that takes advantage of already‐orthogonal caged luciferins and established uncaging enzymes. These probes generate unique bioluminescent signals that can be distinguished via a linear unmixing algorithm. Caged luciferins enabled two‐ and three‐component imaging on the minutes time scale. We further showed that the tools can be used in conjunction with endogenous enzymes for multiplexed studies. Collectively, this approach lowers the barrier to multicomponent bioluminescence imaging and can be readily adopted by the broader community.
Gestational age and socio‐demographic factors associated with school performance at the age of 12 years, a population‐based study
Authors: Burger Renée J. , Roseboom Tessa J. , Ganzevoort Wessel , Gordijn Sanne J. , Pajkrt Eva , Abu‐Hanna Ameen , Eskes Martine , Leemhuis Aleid G. , Mol Ben W. , de Groot Christianne J. M. , Ravelli Anita C. J.
Published: June 2023

Background

Gestational age is positively associated with cognitive development, but socio‐demographic factors also influence school performance. Previous studies suggested possible interaction, putting children with low socio‐economic status (SES) at increased risk of the negative effects of prematurity.

Objectives

To investigate the association between gestational age in weeks, socio‐demographic characteristics, and school performance at the age of 12 years among children in regular primary education.

Methods

Population‐based cohort study among liveborn singletons (N = 860,332) born in the Netherlands in 1999–2006 at 25–42 weeks' gestation, with school performance from 2011 to 2019. Regression analyses were conducted investigating the association of gestational age and sociodemographic factors with school performance and possible interaction.

Results

School performance increased with gestational age up to 40 weeks. This pattern was evident across socio‐demographic strata. Children born at 25 weeks had −0.57 SD (95% confidence interval −0.79, −0.35) lower school performance z‐scores and lower secondary school level compared to 40 weeks. Low maternal education, low maternal age, and non‐European origin were strongly associated with lower school performance. Being born third or later and low socioeconomic status (SES) were also associated with lower school performance, but differences were smaller than among other factors. When born preterm, children from mothers with low education level, low or high age, low SES or children born third or later were at higher risk for lower school performance compared to children of mothers with intermediate education level, aged 25–29 years, with intermediate SES or first borns (evidence of interaction).

Conclusions

Higher gestational age is associated with better school performance at the age of 12 years along the entire spectrum of gestational age, beyond the cut‐off of preterm birth and across socio‐demographic differences. Children in socially or economically disadvantaged situations might be more vulnerable to the negative impact of preterm birth. Other important factors in school performance are maternal education, maternal age, ethnicity, birth order and SES. Results should be interpreted with caution due to differential loss to follow‐up.
Violent crime and the expansion of executive power in Latin America
Authors: Flores‐Macías Gustavo
Published: June 2023

What is the relationship between violent crime and the expansion of executive power? Whereas the literature on crises and executive power has focused on the centralization of authority resulting from the war on terror, the role played by other forms of crises short of interstate war has been neglected, especially in the developing world. This article argues that public safety crises have enabled executives to expand their power at the expense of other branches of government, levels of government, and protections against government abuse. It does so with examples from Latin America, where violent crime has become an important concern in many countries, highlighting the adoption of states of exception and the militarization of public life as avenues for the expansion of presidential power. It also provides in‐depth, longitudinal evidence from the Mexican case to show the adoption of these measures over time and their consequences for democracy.
Training matters: Heading incidence and characteristics in children's and youth football (soccer) players
Authors: Reeschke Rebecca , Haase Franziska Katharina , Dautzenberg Lena , Krutsch Werner , Reinsberger Claus
Published: June 2023

Objective

Concerns about short‐ and long‐term consequences of repetitive heading contributed to heading restrictions in youth football in some countries. This prospective longitudinal cohort study aims to describe heading exposure in children's and youth football over two seasons using standardized video analysis.

Methods

All matches and training sessions of a male Under‐11 (n = 29), Under‐15 (n = 28), Under‐19 (n = 38), and female Under‐17 (n = 39) team were videotaped during the seasons 2019–2020 and 2020–2021. Heading frequencies and characteristics were analyzed. Individual heading exposure is presented as average incidence rates (IR) per 1000 match/training hours.

Results

In 275 matches and 673 training sessions, 22 921 headers were observed. Heading IR per player in matches was 1256 (Under‐11 m), 1608 (Under‐15 m), 1050 (Under‐17 f), and 1966 (Under‐19 m). In training sessions, IR per player was 739 (Under‐11 m), 2206 (Under‐15 m), 1661 (Under‐17 f), and 1419 (Under‐19 m). Five Under‐15 males headed the ball five to eight times per training on average. Most headers were performed without heading duels. Flight distance was predominantly 5–20 m (54%) in matches and <5 m (65%) in training. While head impact location most frequently was at frontal areas, one‐third of all headers in Under‐11 in matches hit temporal, parietal, and occipital parts of the head.

Conclusion

Heading incidence was low in the youngest age group, whereas (predominantly five) Under‐15 males showed very high heading exposures in training. In assessment and regulation of heading burden, training sessions and individual heading behavior should specifically be addressed. Recommendations for heading the ball in practice should account for individual and age‐related differences.
COMPARISON OF PERFORMANCES BETWEEN SC-FDMA AND OFDMA SYSTEMS UNDER DIFFERENT SUBCARRIER MAPPING SCHEMES
Authors: Mishra Subhra Surochita , Roy Jibendu Sekhar
Published: June 2023

To improve the uplink performance of wireless network for long term evolution (LTE) single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) and orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) are used. Two major concerns of these SC-FDMA and OFDMA are high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and efficient subcarrier mapping scheme. This paper presents a performance comparison of SC-FDMA and OFDMA under different subcarrier mapping schemes which includes localized FDMA (LFDMA), distributed FDMA (DFDMA) and interleaved FDMA (IFDMA). Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) with different constellation sizes is used. The symbol error rate (SER) in SC-FDMA is minimized using appropriate mapping scheme. The PAPR is less in SC-FDMA compared to OFDMA. SC-FDMA with IFDMA shows better performance for the PAPR reduction compared to the OFDMA. Compared to OFDMA, using SC-FDMA with 8-QAM and IFDMA, PAPR is reduced by  78%, using SC-FDMA with 16-QAM and IFDMA, PAPR is reduced by  80%,  using SC-FDMA with 64-QAM and IFDMA, PAPR is reduced by  68%.
THE ECONOMIC CHALLENGES AFFECTING SUSTAINABLE GREEN BUILDINGS (SGBS) IN JORDAN THROUGHOUT THE PROJECT'S LIFE CYCLE STAGES
Authors: Hussain Ahram Farah , Syed Zakaria Sharifah Akmam
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this study is to examine the major economic challenges concerning budgets and costs associated with sustainable green buildings (SGBs) in Jordan over their life cycle. This research is significant because it will add to the literature in this area and give interested parties a glimpse into the current state of economic issues facing SGBs in Jordan and affect the adoption of this building technology there. Based on a thorough review of the literature, data was gathered using a qualitative technique based on in-depth semi-structured interviews with 32 professionals of SGBs in Jordan. According to the findings of this study, the main economic challenge in the design stage is the "High initial cost,” the main economic challenge in the construction stage is “Budget and cost of materials, working techniques, and labor,” the most significant economic challenge in the operational stage is “Long-term cost recovery,” and the main economic challenge in the maintenance stage is “Budget and cost challenges.” Despite the importance of this research in terms of adding to the current body of knowledge by examining the economic challenge of SGBs in Jordan as a developing country during the life cycle stages, the findings are based on qualitative data collected from highly experienced specialists in this sector. Therefore, a quantitative data collection using various evaluation approaches is recommended for further research.
EVALUATION OF THE CRYSTALLINITY OF BACTERIAL CELLULOSE PRODUCED FROM PINEAPPLE WASTE SOLUTION BY USING ACETOBACTER XYLINUM
Authors: Pham Thi Tuyet , Tran Thi Tuong An
Published: June 2023

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a fermentative product of Acetobacter xylinum characterized by high purity and crystallinity of up to 80%. Due to its excellent physical and mechanical properties, bacterial cellulose is increasingly interested in research, especially in the study of applying BC in different fields. Although it is a potential direction, the large-scale production of BC still has certain limitations, mainly the fermentation medium's high cost. Therefore, this study used pineapple waste as a carbon source for BC fermentation. After investigating the influence of fermentation factors on BC yield, this study focused on evaluating the crystallinity of BC under different fermentation conditions. The X-ray diffraction technique was used to determine the crystallinity, while Scanning Electron Microscopy was used to assess the differentiation of the BC structure. The study results showed that, at different fermentation conditions of temperature (25–35°C), time (5–10 days), and bacterial concentration (5–15%), the bacterial cellulose crystallinity was significantly different and in the range of 40.6 % to 83.4 %. The optimum crystallinity of BC was recorded when the experiment was set up at the fermentation temperature of 30°C, 13 days of fermentation time, and bacterial concentration of 14%, with the BC crystallinity being 82.2%.
OPTIMIZATION OF SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
Authors: C. Clemente Stephen John , A. Lejano Bernardo , D. Macmac Jaysoon , C. Ongpeng Jason Maximino
Published: June 2023

The development of predicting models is necessary for an easier and more accurate design mix of self-compacting concrete. Due to the difficulty of test requirements for this type of concrete, a predicting model is useful and can be used to derive the optimum design mix. Different mixtures with varying cement, water, and superplasticizer content were created using a central composite design. A full quadratic model was chosen for all dependent variables considered such as flowability, passing ability, resistance to segregation, 28th-day compressive strength, and flexural strength. Water is the only significant factor that affects all of the rheological properties and compressive strength. Mixtures with high superplasticizer and water content show high segregation and bleeding but yield high compressive strength. Surface response and interaction profiles are developed to help the user of the models in modifying their design mix. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to derive the optimum. The derived optimum design mix is as follows, cement is 483.72kg, 250kg for the water, and 1% for the superplasticizer The optimum design mix of SCC has a desirability of 0.812. The optimum design yield passing slump flow of 609.22mm (>550mm passing), passing l-box of 0.915 (>0.80 passing), -0.962% which can be assumed as equal to zero (<15% passing), 41.79Mpa for compressive strength and 10.33Mpa for flexural strength. The optimum design passes all rheological requirements and has acceptable compressive and flexural strengths. Although the mixture has high water content, this is due to the requirement of rheology. Low superplasticizer content is ideal for limiting segregation and bleeding.
Dimension formulas for Siegel modular forms of level 4
Authors: Roy Manami , Schmidt Ralf , Yi Shaoyun
Published: June 2023

We prove several dimension formulas for spaces of scalar‐valued Siegel modular forms of degree 2 with respect to certain congruence subgroups of level 4. In case of cusp forms, all modular forms considered originate from cuspidal automorphic representations of whose local component at admits nonzero fixed vectors under the principal congruence subgroup of level 2. Using known dimension formulas combined with dimensions of spaces of fixed vectors in local representations at , we obtain formulas for the number of relevant automorphic representations. These, in turn, lead to new dimension formulas, in particular for Siegel modular forms with respect to the Klingen congruence subgroup of level 4.
Does Tax Revenue Improve Economic Complexity in Africa?
Authors: Ndoya Hermann , Bakouan Pousseni
Published: June 2023

This study assesses the effect of tax revenue on economic complexity in Africa using a sample of 29 African countries from 1995 to 2018. Applying the system generalized method of moments (GMM), we found that tax revenue spurs economic complexity in Africa by providing countries with critical financial resources to produce complex and sophisticated goods. We performed several robustness tests, including controlling for macroeconomic volatility and employing various measures of economic complexity and tax revenue, and the results remain robust. Furthermore, the mediation analysis results show that the effect of tax revenue on economic complexity is mediated by financial development and government spending. This study advocates for government strategies to enact tax reforms and maximize tax revenue mobilization, which will help finance economic complexity.
Cuaderno de la doble vida (1954-2021)
Authors: Lastra Pedro
Published: June 2023

En Pedro Lastra la poesía es una sosegada meditación sobre el tiempo, de lo que se desprende necesariamente una reflexión sobre la muerte. La poesía de Pedro Lastra es una partitura musical compuesta para que se interprete sin estrépito y con disimulo, “a la sordina”.
A las patadas: historias del fútbol practicado por mujeres en Colombia desde 1949
Authors: Ardila Biela Gabriela
Published: June 2023

Gabriela Ardila Biela ha escrito la primera historia académica y detallada sobre el fútbol practicado por mujeres en el país. A partir de entrevistas, en un ejercicio de historia oral, y de la revisión de más de setenta años de prensa y de varios archivos personales, A las patadas construye un relato historiográﬁco en el que se materializan las luchas ganadas y perdidas por las futbolistas colombianas, así como sus avances y reveses. Para lograr esto, reinterpreta y resigniﬁca los argumentos que han sido utilizados para acallar, precarizar y justiﬁcar las violencias contra las deportistas, reconociendo las vivencias de las mujeres que, por décadas, han luchado por practicar fútbol. Así, revela cómo, aunque las mujeres han sido relegadas de manera sistemática de los escenarios deportivos, siempre han encontrado la manera de resistir, crecer, luchar y ser futbolistas, así sea a las patadas.
Comparison of triethylgallium and diethylgallium ethoxide for β-Ga2O3 growth by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Goto Ken , Nishimura Taro , Ishikawa Masato , Okuyama Takahito , Tozato Haruka , Sasaki Shogo , Ikenaga Kazutada , Takinami Yoshihiko , Machida Hideaki , Kumagai Yoshinao
Published: June 2023

The suitability of diethylgallium ethoxide (Et2GaOEt) containing Ga–O bonds as a Ga precursor for beta-gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3) growth by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) was investigated. Because estimating the growth behavior by thermodynamic analysis is difficult as a result of a lack of knowledge about the thermodynamics of Et2GaOEt, the growth behavior was estimated by observing its pyrolysis and combustion processes. Mass spectrometric analysis of gases sampled directly from an MOVPE reactor when only Et2GaOEt was supplied revealed that Et2GaOEt was decomposed to gallane, ethylene, and acetaldehyde by β-hydrogen (β-H) elimination at temperatures greater than 450 °C. However, when Et2GaOEt was supplied together with O2 to the MOVPE reactor maintained at 1000 °C, the combustion of hydrogen and carbon derived from Et2GaOEt was accelerated as the O2 supply was increased. In addition, the amount of O2 required for the complete combustion of Et2GaOEt (i.e., the amount required for the growth of β-Ga2O3) was clarified. On the basis of this pyrolysis/combustion behavior, homoepitaxial growth of β-Ga2O3 layers on β-Ga2O3 substrates was investigated at 1000 °C using Et2GaOEt as a Ga precursor and the growth behavior was compared with that when triethylgallium (Et3Ga) was used as a Ga precursor. Because both Ga precursors ultimately provide Ga gas after β-H elimination, no substantial difference in the growth rate was observed with respect to the amount of Ga atoms injected into the growth reactor. In addition, no substantial difference in crystallinity was observed; homoepitaxial layers grown at 0.7—0.8 μm/h were single crystals without twins, whereas those at 1.5—1.6 μm/h had twins. Et2GaOEt was found to be suitable as a Ga precursor for MOVPE of β-Ga2O3, with performance comparable to that of Et3Ga.
Physics based sparsity level determination for acoustic scattered far-field prediction
Authors: Wang Qin , Zhang Ting , Cheng Lei , Ruan Yi , Li Jianlong
Published: June 2023

Sparse reconstruction using the equivalent source method has shown promise in acoustic field prediction from near-field measurements. The sparsity level of the representation coefficients needs to be known or estimated. In this letter, for scattered far-field prediction, the lower bound of sparsity level is derived from the effective rank of the far-field transfer matrix and used as a pre-set hyperparameter for orthogonal matching pursuit. The minimum number of measurements is then determined under the compressed sensing theory. Simulated and tank data show the effectiveness of this approach, which combines physical propagation and compressed sensing and is easy to implement.
Is Walk Score Associated With Physical Activity and Screen Time in Brazilian Older Adults?
Authors: Rescarolli Marcos , Neto Francisco Timbó de Paiva , Lopes Adalberto Aparecido dos Santos , Justina Marcelo Dutra Della , da Silva Anna Quialheiro Abreu , d’Orsi Eleonora , Rech Cassiano Ricardo
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to examine the relationship between Walk Score index with walking to commuting, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and screen time in older adults. Georeferenced addresses were entered into the Walk Score platform. Walking to commute and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and categorized according to the World Health Organization recommendations. Screen time was analyzed through self-reported time watching television/being on the computer. We used binary logistic regression to estimate the association between variables. Older adults who lived in places with higher Walk Score had a higher prevalence of walking to commuting (odds ratio = 1.73; 95% confidence interval [1.18, 2.55]) and engaging in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (odds ratio = 1.76; 95% confidence interval [1.05, 2.98]). A relationship also was observed between higher Walk Score and more time in screen time (odds ratio = 1.67; 95% confidence interval [1.19, 2.34]). The results showed that residing in a more walkable neighborhood increased the chances of the older adults spending 3 hr or more in front of a screen.
Miniature magneto-mechanical resonators for wireless tracking and sensing
Authors: Gleich Bernhard , Schmale Ingo , Nielsen Tim , Rahmer Jürgen
Published: June 2023

Sensor miniaturization enables applications such as minimally invasive medical procedures or patient monitoring by providing process feedback in situ. Ideally, miniature sensors should be wireless, inexpensive, and allow for remote detection over sufficient distance by an affordable detection system. We analyze the signal strength of wireless sensors theoretically and derive a simple design of high-signal resonant magneto-mechanical sensors featuring volumes below 1 cubic millimeter. As examples, we demonstrate real-time tracking of position and attitude of a flying bee, navigation of a biopsy needle, tracking of a free-flowing marker, and sensing of pressure and temperature, all in unshielded environments. The achieved sensor size, measurement accuracy, and workspace of ~25 centimeters show the potential for a low-cost wireless tracking and sensing platform for medical and nonmedical applications.
Response to comment on “Policy impacts of statistical uncertainty and privacy”
Authors: Steed Ryan , Acquisti Alessandro , Wu Zhiwei Steven , Liu Terrance
Published: June 2023

We offer our thanks to the authors for their thoughtful comments. Cui, Gong, Hannig, and Hoffman propose a valuable improvement to our method of estimating lost entitlements due to data error. Because we don’t have access to the unknown, “true” number of children in poverty, our paper simulates data error by drawing counterfactual estimates from a normal distribution around the official, published poverty estimates, which we use to calculate lost entitlements relative to the official allocation of funds. But, if we make the more realistic assumption that the published estimates are themselves normally distributed around the “true” number of children in poverty, Cui
et al
.’s proposed framework allows us to reliably estimate lost entitlements relative to the unknown, ideal allocation of funds—what districts would have received if we knew the “true” number of children in poverty.
In Science Journals
Authors: Grocholski Brent , Lavine Marc S. , Vignieri Sacha , Funk Michael A. , Yeston Jake , VanHook Annalisa M. , Isles Hannah M. , Nusinovich Yevgeniya , Ray L. Bryan , Charneski Catherine A. , Gagné Michel
Published: June 2023

Highlights from the
Science
family of journals
In Other Journals
Authors: Lopez Bianca , Nusinovich Yevgeniya , Scanlon Seth Thomas , Hurtley Stella M. , McCartney Melissa , Stajic Jelena , Osborne Ian S.
Published: June 2023

Editors’ selections from the current scientific literature
Model Based Estimation of Posaconazole Tablet and Suspension Bioavailability in Hospitalized Children Using Real-World Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Data in Patients Receiving Intravenous and Oral Dosing
Authors: Kane Zoe , Cheng Iek , McGarrity Orlagh , Chiesa Robert , Klein Nigel , Cortina-Borja Mario , Standing Joseph F. , Gastine Silke
Published: June 2023

Invasive fungal infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality for immunocompromised patients. Posaconazole is approved for treatment and prophylaxis of invasive fungal infection in adult patients, with intravenous, oral suspension, and gastroresistant/delayed-released tablet formulations available.
Soybean and Cotton Spermosphere Soil Microbiome Shows Dominance of Soilborne Copiotrophs
Authors: Olofintila Oluwakemisola E. , Noel Zachary A.
Published: June 2023

The central hypothesis of this research was that plant species and seed exudate release would alter the assembly of microbes in the spermosphere soil. Our research investigated the response of microbes to the initial burst of nutrients into the spermosphere soil, filling knowledge gaps from previous studies that pregerminated seeds under sterile conditions.
SARS-CoV-2 Co-Infections and Recombinations Identified by Long-Read Single-Molecule Real-Time Sequencing
Authors: Trémeaux Pauline , Latour Justine , Ranger Noémie , Ferrer Vénicia , Harter Agnès , Carcenac Romain , Boyer Pauline , Demmou Sofia , Nicot Florence , Raymond Stéphanie , Izopet Jacques
Published: June 2023

SARS-CoV-2 variants have been responsible for the successive waves of infection over the 3 years of pandemic. While co-infection followed by recombination is one driver of virus evolution, there have been few reports of co-infections, mainly between Delta and Omicron variants or between the first 2 Omicron variants 21K_BA.1 and 21L_BA.2.
Mycobacterium abscessus Opsonization Allows an Escape from the Defensin Bactericidal Action in
Drosophila
Authors: Touré Hamadoun , Durand Nicolas , Guénal Isabelle , Herrmann Jean-Louis , Girard-Misguich Fabienne , Szuplewski Sébastien
Published: June 2023

Mycobacterium abscessus
, an opportunistic pathogen in cystic fibrosis patients, is the most pathogenic species among the fast-growing mycobacteria. How
M. abscessus
resists the host innate response before establishing an infection remains unclear.
Bidirectional Mediation Effects between Intratumoral Microbiome and Host DNA Methylation Changes Contribute to Stomach Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yue Kaile , Sheng Dashuang , Xue Xinxin , Zhao Lanlan , Zhao Guoping , Jin Chuandi , Zhang Lei
Published: June 2023

The burgeoning field of oncobiome research declared that members of the intratumoral microbiome besidesHelicobacter pyloriexisted in tumor tissues and participated in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer, and the methylation of host DNA may be a potential target of microbes and their metabolites. Current research focuses mostly on species composition, but the functional genes of the members of the microbiota are also key to their interaction with the host.
Crustal architectural controls on critical metal ore systems in South China based on Hf isotopic mapping
Authors: Zhang Zhi-Yu , Hou Zeng-Qian , Lü Qing-Tian , Zhang Xiao-Wei , Pan Xiao-Fei , Fan Xian-Ke , Zhang Yong-Qian , Wang Chen-Guang , Lü Yong-Jun
Published: June 2023

There is increasing demand for critical metals (e.g., W-Sn, Li-Be-Nb-Ta, and rare earth elements [REEs]) to sustain the transition to green energy, yet it is unclear what controls the formation of such critical metal ore systems. Here, we focus on South China, which is well endowed with critical metals, and imaged its crustal architecture by zircon Hf isotopic mapping using 1096 zircon Hf isotope data sets for 1457 samples of Mesozoic granitoids and silicic volcanic rocks. We demonstrate that the crust is isotopically heterogeneous, characterized by spatial juxtaposition of ancient, reworked, and juvenile crustal domains. The granite-related W-Sn-Nb-Ta and REE deposits occur mainly in reworked crustal domains, where multiple stages of reworking and Mesozoic melting events likely resulted in the release of these metals into crust-derived magmas. Compared with W-Sn deposits, REE deposits occur mostly in strongly reworked crustal blocks with a juvenile input. The porphyry Cu-Au deposits are spatially confined to Cu-fertilized juvenile crustal domains, whereas U and Ag-Pb-Zn deposits occur predominantly in old crustal domains and at their margins. This study demonstrates the importance of isotopic mapping as a tool for characterizing crustal architecture and processes that lead to the formation of metal ore systems.
Mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) trace the origin of post-collisional magmas
Authors: Gómez-Frutos Daniel , Castro Antonio
Published: June 2023

Mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) are a ubiquitous feature of post-collisional magmatism, receiving much attention among earth scientists over the last decades. While recent advances point to the large-scale involvement of the lithospheric mantle in granite petrogenesis, MMEs have received less attention in such discussion. Because MMEs are commonly acknowledged to represent the mafic end member with a mantle affinity that is related to early-stage batholith petrogenesis, they constitute a good proxy for the mantle role in the process. Using MME data from Los Pedroches batholith in southwestern Iberia, we conduct a geochemical comparative study between MMEs and the mafic-intermediate (sanukitoid) suite of post-collisional batholiths. An accurate overlap between the two groups is revealed, implying a potential genetic link between MMEs and the sanukitoid suite. Together with evidence from experimental cotectic liquids, the link between the high-Mg signature of postcollisional magmas and the predominance of amphibole in the studied MME samples is used to account for the composition of post-collisional magmatism. Implications for post-collisional batholith petrogenesis is then discussed in a qualitative manner, suggesting a heterogeneous yet common two-stage origin for all post-collisional magmatism in which the relationship between MMEs, sanukitoid, and the host felsic magmas is a differentiation process, thus representing a major input of juvenile magma into the crust.
Unique case of colovesical fistula in a renal allograft recipient
Authors: Narayanaswamy Supradeep , Goradia Rajvi , Bhujbal Sachin , Patwardhan Sujata
Published: June 2023

Colovesical fistula is commonly suspected in cases of diverticular disease, malignancy, trauma, iatrogenic injury or radiotherapy. In a case of allogenic live related transplant, this is rarely expected, especially after 20 years. The presence of gas in the bladder in the absence of history of instrumentation of urinary tract should prompt us to evaluate for colovesical fistula. Pneumaturia, faecaluria and recurrent urinary tract infection are tell-tale features of colovesical fistula, and when patients who are renal allograft recipient present with them, it should prompt a proper workup and swift surgical management, since the outcome is uniformly favourable. From our knowledge in this realm, we know that these are immunocompromised patients and have a high tendency to develop risk factors like malignancy and/or diverticular disease and eventually form colovesical fistula. An expected time period could be from 2 months to 6 years. But in our case, fistula formation occurred long after peak corticosteroid action, in the absence of conventional aetiologies.