bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mütekaddim Dönem Sünnî Kelâmında Keramet
Authors: TURAN Hasan Sefa
Published: May 2021

Kelâm’da nübüvveti ispat meselesinde kullanılan temel delil mucizeler-dir. Bu sebeple mucizeye benzer şekilde ortaya çıkan diğer olağanüstü hâller, kelâmcıların gündeminde daima yer edinmiştir. Mucizeye ortaya çıkış şekli bakımından en fazla benzeyen velinin elinde olağanüstü olarak gerçekleşen keramet hadiseleridir. Keramet, Sünnî kelâmın oluşum döneminden sonraki asırlara kadar kelâm kitaplarında tartışılmış ve belirli bir teorik zemine konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Diğer kelâm tartışmalarında olduğu gibi, keramet meselesinde de Sünnî kelâmcıların önde gelen muhatapları Mu’tezile kelâmcıları olmuştur. Çalışma, mütekaddim dönem Sünnî kelâmındaki keramet yaklaşımlarını incelemeyi kendisine hedef edinmektedir. Bu minvalde, Eş’ariyye ve Mâtürîdiyye kelâm ekollerinin temel yaklaşımlarını belirleyen kelâmcılar çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Eş’ariyye kelâm ekolünden İmam Eş’arî (ö. 324/935), İbn Fûrek (ö. 406/1015), Bâkıllânî (ö. 403/1013), Abdülkâhir el-Bağdâdî (ö. 429/1037), İmamü’l-Harameyn el-Cüveynî (ö. 478/1085), Ebû Abdullah el-Halîmî (ö. 403/1012) ve Ebû İshâk el-İsferâyînî (ö. 418/1027); Mâtürîdiyye kelâm ekolünden ise İmam Mâtürîdî (ö. 333/944), Hakîm es-Semerkandî (ö. 342/953), Ebü’l-Yüsr el-Pezdevî (ö. 493/1100) ve Ebü’l-Mu’în en-Nesefî (ö. 508/1115) bu kapsamda çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Diğer taraftan sistematik kelâmın dışında kalan bazı müelliflerde çalışma kapsamına alınarak keramet kavramının ilk kullanımına işaret edilmiş ve farklı yaklaşımlar çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Çalışmada, kelâmcıların konu hakkındaki görüşleri deskriptif olarak sunulmakta, bu görüşlerden elde edilen yaklaşımlar ise değerlendirmeye tâbi tutulmaktadır.
On Idempotency of Linear Combinations of Two 2×2 Idempotent Matrices
Authors: ÖZTEKİN Özge , ALHAMAD Alisar
Published: May 2021

Let A and B be 2 × 2 non-zero complex matrices. Let P be a linear combination of A and B in the form of P=c_1 A+c_2 B where c_1,c_2 are nonzero scalar numbers. An idempotent matrix is a matrix which, when multiplied by itself, yields itself. In this study, we established the entries of idempotent matrix B according to a given A idempotent matrix such that P is also be an idempotent matrix. In addition, the result was obtained that this determined P matrix is a singular matrix.
Introduction of an Appointment System in Primary Health Care Setting in Baghdad: Views of Patients and Health Care Providers
Authors: Mishari Ahmed Khairi , Essa Suhair Aboud , Muhammed Ammar Noori
Published: May 2021

Background: The appointment system is a common practice in primary health care clinics in developed countries. The patients and health care providers in the primary health care setting perceived the appointment system as an indicator of good quality service.

Objective: The aim of this study was to survey patients’ and health care providers’ attitudes towards the introduction of an appointment system and their satisfaction with the existing ‘walk-in’ system in the primary health care setting.

Subjects and Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted included a convenient sample of 234 patients as well as 76 health care providers from two primary health care centers in Al-Karkh district, Baghdad governorate. The study used two separate questionnaires, for patients and staff.

Results: Approximately half of the patients (51.7%) and the majority of the health care providers (85.5%) agreed on the introduction of the appointment system. The employee’s patients, highly educated patients, and patients with chronic illness showed a significant agreement to this idea. Most participants, patients, and providers agreed that reduction of workload, provision of quality care to the patient, and improvement of patient-provider relationship are the most important advantages of the application of an appointment system. While the lack of flexibility of this system was the main perceived disadvantage.

Conclusion: Respondents showed great acceptance to the idea of introduction of the appointment system to be run concurrently with the existing walk-in system (mixed system) in the primary care setting in Iraq, and they preferred this system to be flexible and responsive to the needs and preferences of the patients as well as health care providers.
COASTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT and FISH CATCH MONITORING SYSTEM﻿
Authors: Bona﻿ Christian Dian G.
Published: May 2021

This study designed and developed a Coastal Resource Management and Fish Catch Monitoring System for Northern Negros Aquatic Resources Management and Advisory Council (NNARMAC). It specifically examined the quality of the developed software based on McCall’s Software Quality Model. It also determined the level of system acceptability based on the required application functionality, provided a fast easy way to store raw fish catch data, and generated a report that shows statistics of fish catch data monthly and annually. The system is connected to the NNARMAC Website which enables the user to post updates and news about their Coastal Area. The research process from conducting a preliminary survey to initial design until the developed system underwent evaluations, reviews, and updates. Findings revealed that the developed system has passed all the criteria based on McCall’s software quality model. It is concluded that the system is highly acceptable by the end-users and provides a fast and easy way to monitor the fish catch data.
Review: Effect of Different Methods on the Multicomponents Crystal Formation from Medicinal Natural Ingredient Compounds
Authors: Nurismi Eldya , Rosaini Henni , Octavia dan Maria Dona
Published: May 2021

Solubility is an important parameter for the bioavailability of drugs that are difficult to dissolve. Natural compounds that are included in class II in the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) are Apigenin, Quercetin, Genistein, Curcumin, and Piperin. These drugs have low solubility in water and high permeability so that they affect the dissolution rate and as well as their bioavailability, to increase the solubility they are made with multicomponent crystals. This review aims to provide information on the method of making crystal multicomponent to increase the solubility and dissolution rate of BCS II drugs. Several methods that can be used in multicomponent are solvent drop grinding, solvent evaporation, assisted grinding, and slurry. The results showed that multicomponent crystals using several methods could increase the solubility and dissolution rates.
VOLATILE COMPONENTS OF ONCOBA SPINOSA LEAF AND MORUS MESOZYGIA LEAF AND STEM BARK
Authors: Aboaba S. A. , Adeeko O.
Published: May 2021

The essential oils of Oncoba spinosa leaf and Morus mesozygia leaf and stem bark were extracted using hydrodistillation and analyzed by means of Gas chromatography (GC) and GC coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The yields of the essential oils were; 0.50 %, 0.165 %, and 0.456 % respectively for Oncoba spinosa leaf, Morus mesozygia leaf, and stem oil. A total of twenty-eight, thirty-four and twenty compounds representing 92.0%, 92.0%, and 96.9% of the total oil contents were identified, respectively from the leaf of O. spinosa, leaf, and stem oil of M. mesozygia. Leaf oil of O. spinosa contained linalool (22.1 %), ȕ – caryophyllene (18.7 %), caryophyllene oxide (10.6 %) and pentadecanal (5.6 %) as the main constituents. M. mesozygia leaf oil was dominated with ȕ – elemene (11.7 %), (E) –ȕ- ionone (12.4 %), Į- selinene (5.1 %), germacrene A (6.0 %), į – cadinene (4.7 %) and spathulenol (7.4 %) while M. mesozygia stem oil had 2 –dodecanone (77%) and hexahydrofarnesylacetone (13 %) as its main constituents.
SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES EVALUATION OF SOME NEW SPIRO 1,2,4-TRIAZOLE DERIVATIVES HAVING SULFONAMIDE MOIETY
Authors: Dalloul Hany M. , El-nwairy Khaled , Shorafa Ali Z. , Samaha Ahmed Abu
Published: May 2021

A series of new spiro 1,2,4-triazoles V-IXa-j were synthesized by the reaction of appropriate amidrazones IV with cyclic ketones in the presence of p-toluene sulfonic acid as a catalyst. The structures of the synthesized compounds have been confirmed by the elemental analysis and spectroscopic data (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS). The microbial features of the synthesized compounds were studied using well-established methods from the literature.
KINETICS OF REACTION BETWEEN MALACHITE GREEN AND HYDROXYL ION IN THE PRESENCE OF REDUCING SUGARS
Authors: Latona Dayo Felix , Dada Adewumi Oluwasogo
Published: May 2021

The reaction was studied via pseudo-first-order kinetics using a UV-1800 Shimadzu spectrophotometer with a thermostated cell compartment and interfaced with a computer. The reaction showed first order with respect to malachite green and sugar and hydroxyl ion concentrations. However, the reaction was independent of ionic strength and showed no dependence on the salt effect, indicating an inner sphere mechanism for the reaction. There was no polymerization of the reaction mixture with acrylonitrile, indicating the absence of radicals in the course of the reaction. Michaelis-Menten plot indicated the presence of a reaction intermediate in the rate-determining step. The activation parameters of the reaction have been calculated and products were elucidated by FTIR spectroscopy. The stoichiometry of the reaction is 1:1. A mechanism consistent with the above facts has been suggested.
CHEMICAL CONSITUENTS AND PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF EPAZOTE (ChenopOdium ambrosioides) LINN GROWN IN NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA
Authors: Larayetan R. A. , Adegbe A. A. , Owonikoko A. D.
Published: May 2021

The essential oil from the leaves of C. ambrosioides of North Central Nigeria was obtained by hydro-distillation using Clevenger apparatus. The oil was analyzed by a combination of GC and GCMS. Nineteen components amounting to 98.37% of the total oil were identified. The main constituents of the North Central Nigeria grown C.ambrosioides are 2-Carene(17.80%), 2-bornene(14. 79%), para-Cymene(12.93%), alfa-Terpinene(8.98%), Cyclohexene-4-methyl-3-(1-methylethylidene)(7.94%), alfa-Terpinolene(7.90%), gama-Terpinene (6.94%). The oil was found to be a yellow liquid, the obtained yield is 1.35% w/w based on the dry weight. The preliminary phytochemical investigation showed that C.ambrosioides methanolic leaf extract contains some secondary metabolites such as Flavonoids, Terpenoids, Steroids, Alkaloids, and Saponins. The result justified the use of C. ambrosioides in treating various infectious diseases.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THE LEAF ESSENTIAL OIL OF GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM
Authors: Ogunmola Oluranti O.
Published: May 2021

The study was conducted to analyze the chemical constituent and to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of the leaf essential oil of Gossypium hirsutum. The oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and was analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/GC-MS). This revealed the presence of fifty components accounting for - % of the total oil fraction. The leaf oil was dominated by patchoulane (14.70%), Ally 1-2, 6,6–trimethyl bicyclo (3.1.1) heptane (5.95%). 1,7, 7 – trimethyl bicyclo (2.2.1) heptanes (5.95%)and 9- (1 – methylethylidene) bicyclo (6.1.0) nonane (5.95%). The oil displayed high antimicrobial potentials to some tested microorganisms.
In memory of Dr. Lavinel G. Ionescu
Authors: GOLDANI Eduardo , DE BONI Luis Alcides Brandini
Published: May 2021

After almost 20 years working with scientific publications, this is the first time I am not sure how to proceed. However, I will try to do an excellent special Issue about Professor Lavinel. If you are wondering why this edition is late, the answer is simple. It is because I am stubborn, and I learned from the best about how to be stubborn. Also, it is not so fun to work in Professor’s Lavinel Journal without him. In fact, it is very hard. I start to work with Professor Lavinel around 2002 or 2003, I was a student of his in the classes of wave-mechanics or quantum chemistry, as he used to say. Until that time, the graduation course in Chemistry was not so interesting to me, but the classes were so impressive that when I was approved, I made to Professor Lavinel the most awkward request “next semester can I retake this course?”. I remember the expression in his face, and he said: “you were approved, why to retake this class?”. My answer was not the best, but in the end, he allowed me to see the classes again. So during the next semester, there was I, in every class paying attention. The support of my friends and family was exceptional. The phrases “are you crazy?” and “this is a hard class why are you taking it twice?”. But as Goldani used to say “your criticism only makes me stronger.”. In the end, there was I learning how to make new things. At that time it used to make sense to me, and chemistry becomes much more straightforward.
THE USE OF X-RAY MICROTOMOGRAPHY TO ASSESS CHANGES IN THE VOIDS STRUCTURE OF ROCKS
Authors: PONOMAREV Andrei Aleksandrovich , BUBNOVA Aleksandra Vladimirovna , KLUNK Marcos Antônio
Published: May 2021

The oil and gas industry is developing rapidly. Based on this, it is necessary to determine new methods of productive prospecting of mineral deposits. One of the most high-tech and perspective methods is computer X-ray microtomography. For this stage, this method is widely used for the different fields of geology and geophysics. The main advantage is the ability to study the sample without destruction, which is especially important in the process of working with the kern material. In this paper, the method of computerized X-ray microtomography is highlighted. A comparative analysis of the voids structure of an oil source rock before and after exposure to microwave fields using the standard DataViewer software is clarified. As a result of this analysis, an increase in the diameter of a sample of a cylindrical shape after treatment with microwave fields was established, and the formation of microcracks was also established. Based on the results obtained, assumptions were made about the formation of hydrocarbon deposits. In other words, the paper discusses in detail the method that allows fixing changes in the structure of the void space of rocks as a result of oil and gas generation flowing under the influence of wave fields.
Os ‘eventos de instrução’ de Gagné implicados aos jogos de Quiz na Matemática
Authors: Ferrasa Ingrid Aline de Carvalho , Silva Giane Correia , Miquelin Awdry Feisser , Pinheiro Nilcéia Aparecida Maciel , Santos Junior Guataçara dos
Published: May 2021

O objetivo desta pesquisa é compreender de que maneira se efetiva o processo de aprendizagem da Matemática, em uma turma de 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental, de uma escola da rede pública do Paraná. Para tanto, analisamos a execução de jogos de quiz no decorrer de um ano letivo, segundo os ‘eventos de instrução’ externo para a aprendizagem de Robert Gagné. Utilizando a base metodológica da Grounded Theory para a coleta e análise dos dados da pesquisa, os resultados revelam que os eventos de instrução se fazem presentes em estratégias didáticas de jogos de quiz em sala de aula, na aprendizagem da Matemática. Apontamos ainda o ‘cativar o questionamento’ como um possível evento de instrução externo que pode satisfazer ou mesmo fornecer condições para o aprendizado com quizzes elaborados e desenvolvidos pelos próprios estudantes.
Teoria de registros de representações semióticas e sistemas lineares: contribuições de uma sequência didática
Authors: Silva Carolina Ferreira da , Bisognin Vanilde
Published: May 2021

Neste artigo são apresentados resultados parciais de uma pesquisa realizada com estudantes de um curso de Licenciatura em Matemática do Rio Grande do Sul, com o objetivo investigar as contribuições de uma sequência didática para o ensino e aprendizagem de Sistemas de Equações Lineares, à luz da Teoria de Registros de Representações Semióticas. Para isso, foi aplicada uma sequência didática sobre Sistemas de Equações Lineares, dividida em quatro blocos. O primeiro bloco foi destinado a uma familiarização com sistemas possíveis e impossíveis 2x2, por meio de problemas; o segundo bloco foi composto por problemas envolvendo sistemas possíveis 3x3 e 5x4; o terceiro bloco trouxe problemas referentes a sistemas impossíveis 3x3 e, por fim, o quarto bloco desenvolveu-se a representação gráfica de sistemas 2x2. Concluímos que a maior parte dos estudantes conseguiram transitar ao menos entre dois tipos distintos de representações de um mesmo objeto matemático, no entanto apresentaram dificuldades na representação gráfica de sistemas lineares.
Favorecimento da vivência da metacognição a partir da resolução de problemas aritméticos por estudantes dos anos finais do ensino fundamental
Authors: Santos Andreia Freire dos , Dias Marlene Alves , Souza Divanizia do Nascimento
Published: May 2021

Neste trabalho investigamos se atividades com resolução de problemas envolvendo aritmética favorecem aos estudantes dos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental a vivência da autoanálise dos próprios processos de aprendizagem (metacognição). Participaram do estudo estudantes de uma escola pública de Sergipe. Além das atividades de resolução de problemas, os estudantes responderam a um questionário metacognitivo e participaram de entrevista. Por meio das respostas coletadas, buscamos conhecer as estratégias metacognitivas empregadas pelos estudantes ao realizarem as atividades. Os problemas foram planejados seguindo os níveis de conhecimentos esperados dos estudantes propostos por Robert (técnico, mobiliz´ável, disponível). As respostas dos estudantes aos problemas, ao questionário e à entrevista mostraram que tais atividades motivaram, de fato, processos metacognitivos.
Uma revisão acerca do uso de textos de divulgação científica no ensino de ciências: inferências e possibilidades
Authors: Colpo Camila Carolina , Wenzel Judite Scherer
Published: May 2021

O artigo apresenta como temática o uso de Textos de Divulgação Científica (TDC) junto ao Ensino de Ciências da Natureza e suas Tecnologias (CNT) e objetiva-se qualificar as compreensões acerca das possibilidades e inferências do seu uso em contexto escolar. Para tanto, realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD). O corpus da pesquisa apresentou 24 trabalhos, os quais foram analisados à luz da Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD). Os resultados construídos apontaram duas categorias finais: Interação e Significação Conceitual. Apresenta-se o metatexto da categoria Significação Conceitual, que reitera o uso da Linguagem da Ciência em contexto escolar por meio do TDC, como modo de potencializar a compreensão dos conceitos científicos por meio das diferentes relações estabelecidas. E, por fim, apontamos a necessidade da inserção do diálogo acerca do uso do TDC em diferentes contextos formativos a fim de qualificar o ensino de Ciências.
DNA, a molécula da hereditariedade: história da ciência na formação continuada de professores
Authors: França Beatriz Segantini , Augusto Thaís Gimenez da Silva
Published: May 2021

A importância da abordagem da História da Ciência (HC) no ensino de Ciências vem ganhando destaque na pesquisa há algumas décadas, contudo, é necessária formação docente sobre a temática. Visando suprir esse déficit, foi realizado um encontro de formação continuada com 18 professores pertencentes a uma Diretoria de Ensino da rede estadual do interior de São Paulo, com o tema “DNA, a molécula da hereditariedade”. O presente trabalho objetiva analisar tal encontro por meio das concepções dos professores participantes sobre HC, com ênfase no episódio histórico da proposição do modelo de molécula de DNA e suas relações com o ensino. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, com coleta de dados através de questionários e filmagem do encontro. Os resultados mostraram que os professores não estudaram ou estudaram muito superficialmente a HC sobre esse tema durante a graduação, avaliam a abordagem da temática no material didático que utilizam como insuficiente e consideram que o encontro de formação continuada trouxe elementos importantes que contribuirão com sua prática pedagógica.
Avaliação da abordagem do tema chondrichthyes nos livros didáticos de biologia aprovados pelo PNLD 2015
Authors: Gonçalves Isis Campos , Pinto Benjamin Carvalho Teixeira , Siqueira Andréa Espinola de
Published: May 2021

O livro didático é um material importante para os estudantes da Educação Básica como fonte de consulta e, também, para os professores como suporte pedagógico. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar, no âmbito socioambiental, a abordagem do tema Chondrichthyes, em nove livros didáticos de Biologia do Ensino Médio, aprovados pelo Programa Nacional do Livro Didático 2015 (PNLD). Para avaliar as abordagens, por meio de metodologia qualitativa, utilizaram-se, como parâmetros, os critérios estabelecidos pelo PNLD 2015 e as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação Ambiental. Observou-se a falta de uma abordagem crítico-reflexiva acerca da relação entre tubarões-ambiente-seres humanos. Verificou-se nos textos uma visão negativa atribuída aos tubarões devido aos incidentes de ataques a humanos. Constatou-se, assim, a necessidade de discutir a situação socioambiental dos Chondrichthyes, o papel desses organismos na regulação trófica dos oceanos e contextualizá-lo diante da problemática da perda de habitat e do finning, abandonando a visão antropocêntrica e utilitarista ainda encontrada em alguns livros didáticos do Ensino Médio.
Educação estatística e transdisciplinaridade: aproximações nas práticas docentes nos anos finais do ensino fundamental
Authors: Corrêa Alessandra de Abreu , Rocha Filho João Bernardes da
Published: May 2021

Aproximações entre a Educação Estatística e os estudos transdisciplinares, existentes nas práticas docentes, nos anos finais do ensino fundamental constituíram os objetos de pesquisa, buscando-se descrevê-los e analisá-los. Assim, a questão de estudo foi: como os elementos indicadores transdisciplinares e as concepções da Educação Estatística se articulam nas práticas docentes nos anos finais do ensino fundamental? Percebeu-se que assuntos ligados a elementos transdisciplinares nas práticas docentes tendem a ser secundarizados, assim como há omissão dos indicadores provenientes da transdisciplinaridade produzidos nessas condições. A análise dos dados foi baseada nos pressupostos e procedimentos da Análise Textual Discursiva, e caracteriza uma abordagem qualitativa, analítica e compreensiva. A partir, das respostas da entrevista episódica de duas docentes, nota-se que existem vínculos entre as atitudes de transdisciplinaridade e as práticas docentes que perpassam a dimensão profissional e alcançam atitudes transdisciplinares que pode ocorrer por meio dos indicadores nomeados como respeito pelo outro e cooperação.
O que dizem as ementas das disciplinas relacionadas à matemática em cursos de pedagogia de instituições públicas do estado de São Paulo?
Authors: Santos Cicero Augusto dos , Ciríaco Klinger Teodoro
Published: May 2021

Destacamos resultados de uma pesquisa, em desenvolvimento, ligada a ações de um plano de trabalho de iniciação científica, com financiamento da FAPESP, cujo objetivo é compreender como a Matemática é abordada na formação inicial de professores em cursos de Pedagogia do Estado de São Paulo (SP) de Instituições Públicas Federais e Estaduais. Para tanto, neste artigo, trouxemos ao diálogo dados parciais do processo investigativo, cujos resultados, amparados em uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter descritivo-analítico, revelam que as práticas formativas estão atreladas ao campo do conhecimento pedagógico, ou seja, ao "como" se ensinar, especificamente discutindo mais aspectos da metodologia de ensino do que do conhecimento específico dos conteúdos matemáticos. Face aos resultados, a análise das ementas aqui destacadas levanta a necessidade de uma maior articulação entre a recomendações da Educação Matemática, o conhecimento curricular do conteúdo presente nas escolas, bem como da cultura do trabalho docente.
Práticas integrativas e complementares: o que diz a literatura da área em educação em ciências sobre essa questão sociocientífica?
Authors: Glass Leticia , Lima Nathan Willig , Nascimento Matheus Monteiro
Published: May 2021

Dado o cenário da implantação das Práticas Integrativas e Complementares (PICs) no Sistema Único de Saúde e das reações negativas de instituições científicas e profissionais a essa medida, buscamos, no presente estudo, compreender como a literatura de Educação em Ciências tem tratado o tema das PICs a partir de quatro questões norteadoras: a) O tema das PICs é abordado na literatura em Ensino em Ciências? b) A controvérsia entre o modelo biomédico e o integrativo-complementar é refletida nas produções da área? C) São discutidas possíveis bases epistemológicas para as PICs? D) Há propostas didáticas de Ensino de Ciências que abordem explicitamente as PICs? Caso sim, quais são elas? Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura, sendo analisados 75 artigos sobre o tema. Na análise, os artigos foram separados em cinco categorias (implementação, percepção, ensino, considerações epistemológicas, historiografia), de acordo com sua abordagem.
Fortalecimento de crenças de autoeficácia de estudantes com atividades didáticas de tratamento de erros na disciplina de física
Authors: Vicentim Cristiane Fernanda , Custódio José Francisco
Published: May 2021

A pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar as contribuições de uma estratégia de tratamento de erros para o fortalecimento das crenças de autoeficácia de estudantes. Ela foi implementada no horário reservado para encontros de recuperação de estudos das turmas primeiro ano do Ensino Médio do Colégio de Aplicação da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Utilizamos como instrumentos de coleta de dados gravação de áudio e vídeo dos encontros, além de entrevistas realizadas ao final das implementações. A análise dos encontros apontou que a estratégia promoveu diversas oportunidades de experiências de domínio, de experiências vicárias, de persuasão social e estados fisiológicos e emocionais, que influenciaram as crenças de autoeficácia dos estudantes na resolução de problemas de Física. Por intermédio das entrevistas, nas quais os estudantes foram confrontados com suas produções e refletiram sobre as ações individuais e do grupo ao qual pertenciam, exploramos evidências que as oportunidades são avaliadas e impactam na autoeficácia.
The Healing of Historical Collective Trauma
Authors: Koh Eugen
Published: May 2021

Historical collective trauma is embedded in the shared consciousness of a collective, which can be considered as being the collective’s culture. The healing of historical collective trauma is a most complex and challenging task. At the core of it is a collective process of working through painful and overwhelming experiences, which is only possible in a safe and supportive environment. This process involves remembering and making sense of defined events and depends on the possession of a capable and authentic “collective thinking apparatus,” which is proposed here, to be a function of a collective’s culture. The healing of single, defined traumatic events is, in many instances, limited by a pervasive, insidious, and continuing process of damage to and distortion of the underlying culture. This is a complex form of cultural trauma that needs to be addressed in order for the healing of historical collective trauma to be fully accomplished.
The Impact of Religious Beliefs, Practices, and Social Networks on Rwandan Rescue Efforts During Genocide
Authors: Fox Nicole , Nyseth Brehm Hollie , Gasasira John
Published: May 2021

In April 1994, in one of the most Christian nations in Africa, genocidal violence erupted culminating in the deaths of upwards of one million people. While thousands participated in mass killings, others choose not to, and rescued persecuted individuals instead. Relying on 45 in-depth interviews with individuals who rescued others in Rwanda, we demonstrate that religion is tied to rescue efforts in at least three ways: 1) through the creation of cognitive safety nets that enabled high-risk actions; 2) through religious practices that isolated individuals from the social networks of those committing the violence; and 3) through religious social networks where individuals encountered opportunities and accessed resources to rescue. The case of rescue in Rwanda illustrates how religiosity can support high-risk collective action, buffer individuals from recruitment to violent social movements, and can connect individuals in ways that enable them to save lives during extreme political violence.
“We Planted Rice and Killed People:” Symbiogenetic Destruction in the Cambodian Genocide
Authors: Woolford Andrew , June Wanda , Um Sereyvothny
Published: May 2021

In recent years, genocide scholars have given greater attention to the dangers posed by climate change for increasing the prevalence or intensity of genocide. Challenges related to forced migration, resource scarcity, famine, and other threats of the Anthropocene are identified as sources of present and future risk, especially for those committed to genocide prevention. We approach the connection between the natural and social aspects of genocide from a different angle. Our research emanates out of a North American Indigenous studies and new materialist rather than Euro-genocide studies framework, meaning we see the natural and the social (or cultural) as inseparable, deeply imbricated, phenomena. We argue that those entities designated natural are often engaged in co-constitutive relations with the social and cultural groups that are the focus of genocide studies. Simply put, groups become what they are through interaction—or symbiogenesis—with their natural world(s). Symbiogenetic destruction, then, is the destruction of this symbiogenesis. We use this term to draw attention to how relations with more-than-human entities are integral components of the ongoing formation of group life, and how they are put at risk by genocide. In particular, we examine testimony that centers on the relationship between Khmer people and rice, including rice cultivation and consumption, as it was impacted by the Khmer Rouge. In so doing, we highlight the cultural consequences of social/natural death in the Cambodian genocide.
Book Review: Remembrance and Forgiveness: Global and Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Genocide and Mass Violence
Authors: Hadžiomerović Amina
Published: May 2021

The volume Remembrance and Forgiveness, edited by Ajlina Karamehić-Muratović and Laura Kromják, brings together a diversity of disciplines, authors, and cultural contexts to discuss the legacies of the post-Holocaust era genocides by focusing on the (de)mobilisation of memory in seeking truth, justice, and forgiveness. The book provides a compendious overview of the social, historical, and political contexts behind the insurgencies and gives a better sense of understanding of (the obstacles to) the healing process and reconciliation in the global frame.
КУЛЬТУРНО-ІСТОРИЧНИЙ КОНТЕКСТ ПОДОЛАННЯ ТРАВМАТИЧНОГО МИНУЛОГО (НА ПРИКЛАДІ РОМАНУ СОЛА БЕЛЛОУ «ПЛАНЕТА МІСТЕРА СЕММЛЕРА»)
Authors: BRATUS Ivan
Published: May 2021

У статті проаналізовано культурно-історичний контекст роману видатного американського письменника Сола Беллоу. У дослідженні розглядається питання подолання травматичного досвіду головним героєм твору, його намагання позбутися негативних наслідків травми на свідомість і почасти підсвідомість. Увага надається також віковій специфіці головного героя, що відтворює особливості людей похилого віку. Окремо ставиться питання особистої відповідальності за правильність морального вибору в екстремальних життєвих умовах. Особлива увага надається періоду Другої світової війни в розрізі травматичних споминів та неспроможності людської психіки засвоїти злочинну природу жахливих подій тієї доби. Також у фокусі дослідження опиняється адаптація людей, що пережили Голокост, в американському суспільстві   загалом та в Нью-Йорку зокрема. Актуальність дослідження обумовлена невирішеністю численних проблем історичної пам’яті, необхідністю поглиблювати та розширювати знання щодо травматичної пам’яті та шляхів подолання негативних наслідків. Наводяться приклади несвободи від травматичного минулого, загального меморіального дискурсу, динаміки індивідуальної та колективної пам’яті, моралізації історії та актуалізації систем проти повзучого універсального забуття. Автор зупиняється на проблемах смерті, військового минулого, Голокосту тощо. Доведено, що в романі Сола Беллоу «Планета містера Семмлера» значне місце посідає аналіз національної ідентичності в історико-культурному контексті ХХ ст. Виконаний огляд основних подій біографії Артура Семмлера з точки зори травматичної пам’яті, що невідступно переслідує головного героя. Окремо аналізується історико-культурний контекст американської дійсності ІІ пол. ХХ ст. загалом і «життя Нью-Йорку» зокрема. Надається відповідна оцінка подій нью-йоркського життя в якості «відволікаючих факторів» в подолання травматичної пам’яті. Наведено баланс між пам’яттю та забуттям, переконливі аргументи на користь правдивого конструювання минулого з позиції жертви, що, відповідно, потребує збереження слідів нацистських злочинів заради послаблення руйнівної сили забуття на особистість жертв. Перемога вбачається в артикуляції травмованої пам’яті, виводі її з «непрозорого ядра» (підсвідомості). При цьому відстоюється позиція Артура Семмлера в боротьбі проти «систематичної брехні».
ТВОРЧЕСТВО ЛЬВА БАКСТА КАК ТЕАТРАЛЬНОГО ДЕКОРАТОРА
Authors: FILIPPOVA Olga
Published: May 2021

Лев Самуилович Бакст (1866-1924 гг.) снискал еще прижизненную славу, редкую на то время. Никто из художников, его соотечественников, в то время не пользовался за рубежом таким успехом и популярностью. Париж и Лондон, Монте-Карло и Нью-Йорк были покорены утонченной пластикой и пряной роскошью бакстовских костюмов и декораций. К славе его вознесла театральная работа – оформление Русских сезонов С.П. Дягилева в Париже. Между тем, работа на Дягилева оставляла в тени театральную работу Бакста на конкурентов Сергея Павловича. А ведь самыми крупными заказчиками были «три грации» Л.С. Бакста – Анна Павлова, Ида Рубинштейн, Мария Кузнецова. Музы и заказчицы, прославленные своим талантом и красотой, вдохновляли художника на создание ярчайших произведений. Перед Первой мировой войной Бакст был, без преувеличения, в числе самых знаменитых художников мира, ему не было нужды вступать в группировки для продвижения своих произведений. Л.С. Бакст выставлялся в крупнейших музеях по обе стороны Атлантики, включая Лувр и Художественный институт Чикаго. Национальные собрания Франции закупали произведения мастера еще до его выставок. В Европе и Америке выходили прекрасные альбомы, посвященные его творчеству, о которых другие художники могли только мечтать. В возрасте 40 лет           Л.С. Бакст был удостоен высшей награды Франции – Ордена Почетного Легиона. Крупные коллекционеры Европы буквально охотились за произведениями Бакста, который не искал контактов с галереями. Спустя сто лет судьба сыграла с                     Л.С. Бакстом злую шутку: в книгах о русском Париже его имени нет, как и в исследованиях, посвященных стилистическим течениям французского искусства, в книгах и в каталогах выставок, посвященных «Русскому балету» Дягилева, больше всего пишут о художниках парижской школы, пришедших ему на смену. Цель данной публикации – раскрыть многообразие театральной работы Бакста, проследить творческий путь мастера, проанализировать его лучшие эскизы декораций и костюмов.
The impact of the National Credit Act, 2005 on the affordability of home loans in Pinetown
Authors:   , Sewnunan Teshani Devi
Published: May 2021

The National Credit Act No. 34 of 2005 (NCA) was introduced by the South African government mainly to bring about accessibility to credit markets, protect consumers from malpractices and market abuses by credit providers and reduce consumer over indebtedness. As a result, credit providers are compelled to apply stringent rules and regulations when assessing a credit consumer’s affordability prior to granting home loans. This study aims at investigating the impact of the NCA on the affordability of home loans within the Pinetown metropolitan area. The literature review presents an overall view of affordability of home loans in developed and emerging countries and also provides an in-depth explanation of factors that affect affordability of home loans in South Africa. The predominant factors, amongst others that hinder the housing market, are: an increase in house prices; elevated interest rates and household debt which include inflation, transportation cost and low wage increase. A mixed methods approach was utilized for the research, analyzing both quantitative and qualitative data. Respondents (home loan borrowers) completed a questionnaire by indicating if assessments were conducted in terms of their affordability prior to the approval of their home loan and their view on the impact that the NCA had on their home loan. The data suggested strongly that credit providers had conducted proper credit and affordability assessments prior to granting home loans and that most home loan borrowers’ level of debt had remained stable since acquiring their home loans as they continue to meet their debts. An overall analysis revealed that the application of the NCA had a positive impact on the affordability of home loans in the research area and that compliance with NCA, when granting credit, resulted in the reduction of reckless lending, a decline in the level of consumer indebtedness and a reduction in payment default.
ВЫБОР РАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ СХЕМЫ КОМБИНИРОВАННОГО ОРУДИЯ ДЛЯ ОБРАБОТКИ ПОЧВЫ
Authors: Полищук Ю.В. Дерепаскин А.И., Лапте Н.В , А.П.Комаров
Published: May 2021

В статье представлены результаты исследований по обоснованию технологической схемы комбинированного орудия для обработки почвы. Испытания проводились в условиях типичных для зоны Северного Казахстана. При выполнении исследований проводилась проверка четырех вариантов технологических схем орудия на двух фонах (пар и стерня). В качестве критерия оценки приняты крошение почвы, гребнистость обработанной поверхности, среднее квадратическое отклонение от заданной глубины обработки, подрезание сорной растительности и сохранение стерни. Получены зависимости влияния скорости движения и вариантов технологических схем на агротехнические показатели выполнения технологического процесса обработки почвы. По результатам проведенных исследований определена рациональная технологическая схема орудиям обеспечивающая выполнение технологического процесса в соответствии с исходными требованиями на базовые машинные технологические операции
ЖЕРГІЛІКТІ ӨЗІН-ӨЗІ БАСҚАРУ МӘСЕЛЕЛЕРІ (ТЕОРИЯЛЫҚ АСПЕКТ)
Authors: Утибаев Б.С, Утибаева Г.Б.,
Published: May 2021

Мақалада теориялық тұрғыдан жергілікті өзін-өзі басқарудың тұжырымдамасы, мәні және оны ұйымдастыру принциптері, орталық билік пен жергілікті өзін-өзі басқару арасындағы өкілеттіктерді бөлу мәселелері қарастырылған. Билік вертикалын тиімді басқарудың бірқатар негізгі және маңызды мәселелері елде әлі дешешілмегені айтылған, атап айтқанда, ол атқарушы биліктің халық алдындағы іс жүзінде есеп бермеуі, басқарудың төменгі деңгейлеріндегі нақты белгіленген функциялар мен өкілеттіктердің болмауы.Басқа елдердегі аймақтық басқарудың даму тәжірибесі негізінде басқаруды орталықсыздандыруды талап ететіні, жергілікті органдарға бағынышты аймақтарды дамытудың әлеуметтік-экономикалық мәселелерін шешуде үлкен құқықтар мен өкілеттіктер беру қажеттілігі анықталып, растаталған.Жергілікті деңгейдегі қазіргі қалыптасқан жағдай атқарушы билік өкілетті билікке қарағанда абсолютті басымдыққа иеболған жағдай деп сипатталған. Жергілікті өзін-өзі басқаруды басқа мемлекеттік басқару органдарынан ажырататын критерийлер анықталған. «Жергілікті өзін-өзі басқару» ұғымының анықтамасына критерийлерді ескере отырып, авторлық түсініктемесіберілген. Жергілікті өзін-өзі басқару жүйесін реформалаудың қажеттілігі мен бағыттары негізделген. Билік өкілеттіктерін бөлу бюджетаралық қатынастар жүйесін жетілдірумен қатар жүргізілуі керек екендігі дәлелденген. Жергілікті өзін-өзі басқару жүйесін ұйымдастыру және оның қызметі белгілі бір қағидаттарға негізделуі керек екендігі дәйекті түрде көрсетілген. Тұжырымдама ретіндежергілікті өзін-өзі басқарушылық жүйеге түсініктеме берілген – ол шаруашылық тұрғыдан қарағанда дамыған біртерриторияда тұрақты тұру нәтижесінде және байланыстар, қатынастар және өзара қатынастар жүйесімен біріктірілген адамдардың тарихи қалыптасқан және үздіксіз дамып келе жатқан тұрақты жиынтығы, яғниұйымдастыру негізін адамдардың аймақтық (территориялық) қауымдастығы құрайтын өзін-өзі басқарушылық жүйе.
Stem-like tumor
cells and proinflammatory cytokines in the ascitic fluid of ovarian cancer patients
Authors: Gening S. O. , Abakumova T. V. , Antoneeva I. I. , Rizvanov A. A. , Gening T. P. , Gafurbaeva D. U.
Published: May 2021

Ovarian cancer (OC) is able to develop implantation metastases in the abdominal cavity. Ascites is potentially useful for evaluating cancer features. The aim of the study was to assess the content of stem-like tumor cells and inflammatory mediators in ascites of OC. The prospective study included 11 patients with primary OC having ascites, 8 patients with benign ovarian tumors having ascites and 22 healthy women. In ascitic fluid obtained by laparocentesis, the populations of tumor stem-like cells were determined on a Cytoflex S` flow cytometer (Beckman Coulter, USA) and CytExpert Software using monoclonal antibodies to CD45, CD44 and CD133. The cytokine profiles of ascitic fluid and blood serum (IL-1β, IL-18, IL-4, IL-10 and VEGF) were assessed by ELISA. Stem-like cells were found in all samples. 5 cell populations were evaluated. The number of cells expressing both markers: CD44 + and CD133+, was the lowest. The highest, about 32%, was the number of CD44+ cells. The number of cells CD45-CD44+CD133- in ascites strongly positively correlated with the content of IL-10 in ascites, and the numbers of CD45-CD133+ and CD45-CD44-CD133+ - with the level of VEGF in blood serum. No correlations were found between the numbers of stem-like cells and the disease stage or the level of CA125 in blood. The combination of IL-4 and IL-10 in ascites had the greatest significance in predicting the disease stage. These results suggest a relationship between the levels of VEGF, IL-10, and cancer stem cells in the OC ascites. Stem-like cells in OC ascites are heterogeneous and are present even at an early stage of the disease. It seems promising to study cell populations and cytokine profile of ascites together, to assess the biomarker potential of their combination.
Manavgat Çayı Kuraklık Analizi
Authors: KALE Mustafa Murat
Published: May 2021

Bu çalışmada Manavgat Çayı’nda gerçekleşmiş olan hidrolojik kuraklığın araştırılması ve bulguların akarsu akımlarındaki olası eğilimler ile bir arada değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Hidrometrik zaman serileri çalışmanın temel materyalini oluşturmaktadır. Hidrolojik kuraklığa ait izler akarsu kuraklık indisi (SDI) kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Hesaplanan SDI değerlerinin daha iyi yorumlanması amacıyla hidrometrik zaman serilerindeki olası eğilim araştırılmış ve bulgular SDI sonuçları ile bir arada değerlendirilmiştir. Eğilim analizleri için Mann-Kendall testi ve eğilimin başlangıç tarihini ortaya çıkartmak için Mann-Kendal sıra korelasyon test istatistiğinden itibaren çizilen u(t) ve u^' (t) grafikleri kullanılmıştır. SDI yöntemi ile elde edilen bulgular her iki istasyonda farklı referans dönemlerde farklı süre ve sınıf aralıklarında hidrolojik kuraklığın gerçekleştiğini göstermiştir. Su yılını temsil eden referans dönem (k=4) için EİE0901 Homa ve EİE0912 Sinanhoca istasyonlarına ait toplam gözlem süresinin sırası ile %49 ve %42’sinde farklı sınıf aralıklarında hidrolojik kuraklık gerçekleştiği belirlenmiştir. EİE0901 Homa istasyonunda k=2,k=3 ve k=4 referans dönemleri için %95 güven aralığında azalma eğilimi tespit edilmiştir. EİE0912 Sinanhoca istasyonunda k=1,k=2,k=3 ve k=4 referans dönemleri için %95 güven aralığında anlamlı eğilim tespit edilememiştir. EİE0901 Homa istasyonu için SDI hesaplamaları ile öngörülen kırılma (dönüm) noktası tarihi eğilim analizleri ile 1948 yılı olarak netleştirilmiştir.
تحقيق رِسَالَة أَحْمَدَ بنِ أَحْمَدَ الغَرْقَاوِيِّ فِي وَجْهِ ثُبُوْتِ الوَاوِ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: (وَفُتِحَتْ أَبْوَابُهَا)
Authors: TUR Salih , OMAR AL-MEZAL Okba
Published: May 2021

تناولنا في هذا البحث رسالةٌ وجيزةٌ، تعلَّقَ بالدِّراساتِ القرآنيَّةِ العربيَّةِ نحًوا وصرفًا وبلاغًة التي صنَّفَهَا علمٌ من أعلامِ القرنِ الثَّاني عشرَ من الهجرةِ النَّبويَّةِ الإمامُ العلَّامةُ الأزهريُّ أحمدُ بنُ أحمدَ الغرقاويُّ، فاستعنَّا باللهِ تعالى الَّذي لا يعبدُ بحقٍّ سواه، فعكفْنَا عليها تحقيقًا ودراسةً مستفيدينَ ممّا تركَهُ لنا جهابذةُ التَّحقيقِ في زمنِنَا المعاصرِ من مصنفاتٍ نافعةٍ، وكتبٍ رائعةٍ . وقدْ جعلْنَا العمل في هذه الرِّسالة على قسمين: في القسم الأوّل: تحدّثنا فيه عن ترجمة المصنّف: اسمه ولقبه ونسبه، وشيوخه وتلامذته، ومكانته العلميّة، ومذهبه العقديّ والفقهيّ، ومصنّفاته، وتاريخ وفاته. وفي القسم الثّاني: تحدّثنا فيه عن رسالة المصنّف: تحقيق اسم الرّسالة، وتوثيق نسبتها إلى المصّنف، وبيان النّسخ المعتمدة في التّحقيق، والمضمون العامّ للرّسالة، ومكانتها العلميّة.
تـمييز الطلاب الصينيين للأصوات العربية: صعوبات الاستماع وأخطاء التعرف على الكلمات
Authors: ZANOUN Nesrine
Published: May 2021

عرضت هذه الدراسة صعوبات مهارة الاستماع بالعربية من منظور الطلاب الصينيين والحلول التي طبقوها لتذليل تلك الصعوبات في جامعاتهم الصينية وفي الجزائر. تمثلت عينة الدراسة في ثلاثة وعشرين (23) طالبا درسوا تخصص اللغة العربية في تسع (9) جامعات صينية وقَدِموا إلى مركز التعليم المكثف للّغات الـملحق بجامعة الجزائر2 لتحسين مستوياتهم خلال الموسم الجامعي (2019-2020). وهدفت الدراسة في الجانب العملي إلى رصد أهم الأخطاء الصوتية الواردة في الكلمات التي قيدها الطلاب خلال استماعهم إلى تسجيلات متنوعة في عدد من الحصص الدراسية بالأسلوب المباشر ثم عبر المنصة الإلكترونية دينغ تولك DingTalk خلال جائحة كورونا. أظهرت الدراسة عدم تمكن الطلاب من التعرف على أغلب الكلمات الواردة في النصوص المسموعة، وبـمقابلة أخطاء الاستماع بالصواب في التسجيلات تبيّن تفاوت درجات العجز عن التعرف على الكلمات بين عدم سـماع صوت أو أكثر، وتوهم سـماع صوت أو أكثر، وتوهم سـماع صوت بدل صوت آخر، وتوهم سـماع كلمة مركّبة من أجزاء كلمات، عدا عن توهم سـماع كلمات ما هي إلا مزيج من أصوات عشوائية استحال مقابلتها بما ورد في التسجيلات.
التَّغَيّرُ الدَّلَاليُّ في الشِّعْرِ العَرَبِيِّ القَدِيمِ
Authors: ALHAMAD Bozan
Published: May 2021

يعدُّ هذا البحث دراسة دلالية في الشعر العربي القديم بهدف رصد التغيرات التي طرأت على الألفاظ التي تناولها الشعراء في شعرهم، وقد اتبع البحث المنهج الاستقرائي/ الاستنباطي في بيان حركة هذه الألفاظ وأصولها واستعمالاتها، ثمّ استنباط ما طرأ عليها من تغيير دلالي إمّا بتعميم دلالتها لتشمل عددًا أكبر من المدلولات والمعاني، وإمّا بتضيق دلالتها لتقتصر على معنى واحد من المعاني الكثيرة التي دُوِّنت في أصل وضعها، وإمّا أن ترتقي دلالتها لتأخذَ معنى أسمى من المعنى الذي وُضِعت له، وإمّا العكس بأنَّ تنحّط دلالتها فتأخذ معنى أقلّ شأنًا أو أضعف ممّا وُضعت له، وإمّا أنْ تنتقل من مجال مادي إلى مجال معنوي لعلاقة المشابهة التي تربط بين المجالينِ، وقد توصل البحث إلى أنَّ الشِّعر العربي القديم -بما يحويه من ألفاظ- ثروة لغوية لا يُستهان بها في إغناء المعاجم اللغوية بالمعاني والمدلولات، وأنَّ اكتساب اللغة العربية ألفاظًا ذات دلالات جديدة يؤكّد طواعيتها ومرونتها وتقبّلها الاستعمالات الجديدة.