bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epigenetic aspects in schizophrenia etiology and pathogenesis
Authors: Popov Nikolay T. , Stoyanova Vili K. , Madzhirova Nadezhda P. , Vachev Tihomir I.
Published: April 2013

Epidemiological evidence suggests that etiology of schizophrenia may involve both the influence of genetic factors specific for the individual and the impact of the environment. It is quite likely that a crucial role in the disease development is played by molecular mechanisms mediating the interaction between genes and environment. Modern research have shown that epigenetic mechanisms or chemical modifications of deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) and histone proteins remain unstable throughout life and can be changed by environmental factors. Thus the epigenetic mechanisms outline an attractive molecular hypothesis of the environment modelling role and the environmental contribution to schizophrenia progression. We give in the present study a general outline of schizophrenia as a pathological entity and discuss the role and involvement of environment versus genetic determinant (nature versus nurture) in the pathophysiolgical processes. Additionally, we focus on DNA methylation discussing the evidence for the role of that process in schizophrenia. Thirdly, we review the post-translational histone modifications and their role in schizophrenia. These investigations might surely lead further to the development of epigenetic therapy that looks promising in regard to symptom alleviation and the disease-associated cognitive deficit.
Repeat transrectal prostate biopsies in diagnosing prostate cancer
Authors: Bakardzhiev Ivan V. , Dechev Ivan D. , Wenig Thilo , Mateva Nonka G , Mladenova Mladena M.
Published: April 2013

Patients with negative prostate biopsy and persistent suspicion of prostate cancer (PCa) can pose a serious diagnostic problem.

The AIM of our study was to determine the frequency of PCa found on repeat prostate biopsy and the factors leading to higher possibility of cancer positive histological result.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied retrospectively 113 patients (82 from University Clinic, Jena, Germany and 31 from Department of Urology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria) with initial negative biopsy for cancer who underwent repeat biopsies. The patients were examined between January 1999 and May 2010. The target group included patients with Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) level lower than 12.5 ng/ml and without suspicious finding on digital rectal examination (DRE). Different biopsy schemes were used in the initial and the following biopsies, depending on patient age and total prostate volume.

RESULTS: Overall PCa detection rate was 22.1% (25 of 113). The repeat biopsy found PCa in 15.9% (18 of 113). In patients with 3 biopsies the PCa detection rate was considerably lower - only 8.6% (3 of 35). PCa was found in only 1 patient of 18 (5.5%) who underwent four or more biopsies. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) was performed in 15 patients with at least two previously negative biopsies. The pathohistological examination of the resected tissue showed PCa in 3 of the patients (20%).

CONCLUSION: The interval between biopsies is not a significant predictive factor for positive prostate biopsy. The chance for detecting PCa after the second negative transrectal biopsy procedure is low. Therefore, TURP can be used as an alternative procedure to harvest adequate tissue material for pathologic examination, especially in patients with obstructive voiding symptoms.
Association of physical activity with insulin resistance, subclinical inflammation, coagulation, and fibrinolytic biomarkers among population at high risk for type 2 diabetes
Authors: Stefanov Tsvetan , Temelkova-Kurktschiev Theodora , Koehler Carsta , Henkel Elena , Schaper Frank , Hanefeld Markolf
Published: April 2013

Objective: To investigate the association of physical activity with insulin resistance and biomarkers of inflammation, coagulation, and fibrinolysis in a population at high risk for type 2 diabetes.

Patients and Methods: A total of 778 subjects from the Risk factors in Impaired Glucose Tolerance for Atherosclerosis and Diabetes (RIAD) study aged 40-70 years were included in the present cross-sectional analysis.

Results: Participants classified as having low physical activity (PA) were more insulin resistant in comparison to participants with medium (P = 0.042) and high PA (P = 0.015). Individuals with high physical activity had a significantly lower leucocytes count than individuals with low PA (P = 0.027) and significantly lower hs-CRP and fibrinogen concentrations than individuals with medium (P = 0.011 and P = 0.021) and low physical activity (P = 0.04 and P = 0.007). Although a trend towards a decrease in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) levels with increasing physical activity was present, significant differences were observed only between subjects with high and medium physical activity (P = 0.045 and P = 0.033). In multivariate regression analyses physical activity was an independent determinant of insulin resistance, leucocytes count, hs-CRP, and fibrinogen concentrations.

Conclusions: Physical activity was independently associated with insulin resistance and biomarkers of inflammation, whereas only a tendency towards decreased concentrations of coagulation and fibrinolytic biomarkers with increasing physical activity was observed.
Exercise Training Modes In Rehabilitation Of Patients With Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Papathanasiou Jannis V. , Ilieva Elena M. , Nikolov Fedya P.
Published: April 2013

Modern cardiac rehabilitation (CR) in chronic heart failure (CHF) is a multidisciplinary process with the patient being the centre of the focus. Various CR models (inpatient, outpatient and home based) have been used the last two decades in the pursuit of higher effectiveness and better results.

The aim of this review is to present different exercise training modes applied in rehabilitating patients with CHF and to highlight their clinical value, advantages and disadvantages and practical implication.
Regulation of growth and some key physiological processes in salt-stressed maize (Zea mays L.) plants by exogenous application of asparagine and glycerol
Authors: Kaya Cengiz , Aydemir Salih , Sonmez Osman , Ashraf Muhammed , Dikilitas Murat
Published: April 2013

Maize seedlings were subjected to concentrations of 0 and 100mMof NaCl in Hoagland’s nutrient solution medium in plastic pots containing perlite. Two levels of asparagine (5 and 10 mM) and glycerol (20 and 40 mM) were sprayed onto the leaves of maize seedlings 10 days after germination. Saline stress caused considerable decline in total dry mass, chlorophyll content and relativewater content in the maize plants. It increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and polyphenol oxidase as well as electrolyte leakage, but did not alter the activity of non-specific peroxidise. Foliar application of asparagine or glycerol was found to be effective in checking shoot growth inhibition under NaCl stress. Exogenously applied asparagine or glycerol reduced superoxide dismutase, non-specific peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities in salt-stressed maize plants compared to those not treated with these organic compounds. Salinity increased Na+ contents but reduced those of K+, Ca2+ and P in the roots of the used genotype of maize. Foliar application of asparagine or glycerol increased the contents of K+, Ca2+ and P, but it reduced that of Na+ in salt-stressed maize plants as compared to those of the salt-stressed plants not supplied with glycerol or asparagine. Glycerol was more effective than asparagine in improving salinity tolerance of maize plants in terms of growth and physiological attributes measured in the present study
Stream water temperature: a short review with special reference to diurnal dynamics
Authors: Łaszewski Maksym
Published: April 2013

Dynamic changes in stream water temperature are caused by thermal energy exchange at the interface between the water and the atmosphere, and between the water and the streambed. This heat flux is the result of physical processes which are stimulated by external drivers that control water temperature both in temporal and spatial scales. For streams, the most characteristic are diurnal fluctuations of temperature. For the purposes of this paper, electronic data loggers were used which allowed a presentation of the diurnal cycles of water temperature in a small lowland river. The measurements confirmed that meteorological conditions have a significant impact on the diurnal dynamics of stream temperature.
Fractional Integral Inequalities for Differentiable Convex Mappings and Applications to Special Means and a Midpoint Formula
Authors: Zhu Chun , Fečkan Michal , Wang Jinrong
Published: April 2013

In this paper, Riemann-Liouville type fractional integral identity and inequality for differentiable convex mappings are studied. Some applications to special means of real numbers are given. Finally, error estimates for a midpoint formula are also obtained.
Applications of Some Hypergeometric Summation Theorems Involving Double Series
Authors: Srivastava H. M. , Qureshi M. I. , Quraishi Kaleem A. , Singh Rahul
Published: April 2013

The main object of this paper is to derive a number of general double series identities and to apply each of these identities in order to deduce several hypergeometric reduction formulas for the Srivastava-Daoust double hypergeometric function. The results presented in this paper are based essentially upon some
A Strong Law for the Size of Yule M-Oriented Recursive Trees
Authors: Javanian Mehri , Vahidi-Asl Mohammad Q.
Published: April 2013

Let Nt be the total number of nodes in a Yule m-oriented recursive tree at time t. Then {Nt : t ∈ [0;1)} is a Yule process with birth rates λn = (m(n - 1) + 1)λ for n ≥ 1, where N0 = 1. In this paper, we first give the exact distribution of Nt, then prove that , almost surely
Analysis and Load-carrying Capacity Estimation of Existing Railway Filler-beam Deck Bridges
Authors: Vičan Josef , Gocál Jozef , Odrobiňák Jaroslav , Hlinka Richard
Published: April 2013

In the paper, the actual condition of several existing concrete railway bridges with encased steel beams is discussed. This structural type represents relatively often solution for small span railway bridges in Slovakia. The main conclusions from inspections and in-situ diagnostics are published together with the results of the loadcarrying capacity calculation on the basis of new European codes. Despite of well-known disadvantages, the bridges with filler-beam decks are still demanded by railway authorities because of their big stiffness and small construction depth.
The Firing Temperature of Romanesque Brick from Pác
Authors: Podoba Rudolf , Štubňa Igor , Lukovičová Jozefa , Bačík Peter
Published: April 2013

A pavement brick taken from a Romanesque part of the church in Pác, in the Trnava County, Slovakia, was investigated by x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and thermal analyses as differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetry (TG) and thermodilatometry (TD). It was found that the brick contained dehydroxylated illitic clay, calcite and quartz. As revealed, dehydroxylation was completely finished and no redehydroxylation was observed. Partial decomposition of calcite was also found. The estimated firing temperature is between 600 °C and 700 °C.
The Annual Temperature Regime of Natural Physical Cavity and New Possibilities of its Energy Utilization
Authors: Bielek Milan , Bielek Boris , Híreš Juraj , Szabó Ján
Published: April 2013

Natural physical cavity. Quantification of annual temperature regime of natural physical cavity by in-situ experiment. Annual course of temperature of outdoor climate. Annual course of maximum temperature of natural physical cavity of optimal south-west orientation. Concept of new possibilities for energy utilization of air from natural physical cavities. Two-stage system for utilization of renewable energy sources.
Heat and Velocity Parameters of a Non-Isothermal Flow Generated by a Double-Chamber Air Diffuser
Authors: Klymenko Hanna
Published: April 2013

Heat and velocity parameters of the non-isothermal flow generated by a source panel-type double-chamber air diffuser with four horizontal shelf pressure equalizers of optimal relative length at the mid-horizontal level and in the vertical axisymmetrical plane. Irregularity ratios of initial velocities and temperatures of the air flow under study have also been defined.
Heating Systems Based on Thermal Generators with the Effect of Ranke
Authors: Zaytsev Oleg , Petrekevish Liliy , Bogatikova Nataliy , Perminov Igor
Published: April 2013

Results on the distribution of velocity, temperature and pressure in the proposed design of the vortex chamber. The effect of Ranke in this way of burning gas and a method for regulating heat removal in double-circuit boilers of small capacity.
Features of the Thermal Mode in the Building of Agricultural Industrial Complexes
Authors: Zhelykh Vasyl , Dzeryn Oleksandra
Published: April 2013

The analysis of the existent systems of heating for technology of growing pig lings is conducted and offered measures on the increase of efficiency work or such systems by application of the local heating. Presented results of experimental researches the thermal mode of area stay of pig lings. Graphic and analytical dependence temperature of internal air is resulted on the geometrical sizes workshop of pig lings and sow, mobile of air and middle temperature of heater mat.
Effects of Climate Change on Litter Production in a Quercetum petraeae-cerris Forest in Hungary
Authors: Kotroczó Zsolt , Veres Zsuzsa , Fekete István , Papp Mária , Tóth János Attila
Published: April 2013

Abstract -

Climate change is a global problem. During the last century the increase of annual average temperature was 0.68°C, while the decrease of annual average of precipitation was 83 mm in Hungary. According to the long term meteorological data of Síkfőkút forest ILTER site the annual average temperature increased while average of yearly precipitation decreased, the forest climate became warmer and dryer. These processes could considerably contribute to forest decline, not only in the Quercetum petraeae-cerris stand of Síkfőkút, but everywhere in the country. Species composition and structure of the forest have changed considerably, as 68% of sessile oak (Quercus petraea) and 16% of Turkey oak (Quercus cerris) have died. Forest decline resulted in the breaking up of the formerly closed canopy, and consequently, in the formation of gaps in the forest. In the gaps, a secondary canopy developed with tree species of less forestry value. As a consequence, mass regeneration of field maple (Acer campestre) appeard in the gaps. The formation of gaps accelerated the warming and aridity of forests. In the article we answer the following question: how did climatic change and changing forest structure influence the leaf-litter production in the last four decades?
Investigation of the Applicability of Multi-Operational Logging Machines in Hardwood Stands
Authors: Horváth Attila László , Szakálos-Mátyás Katalin , Horváth Béla
Published: April 2013

- As a result of new developments in technology, harvesters may no longer be confined to softwood forests only. Several studies carried out in black locust, Turkey oak and beech stands have justified the use of these machines in hardwood stands. Evaluating the results of the cost and time analyses we concluded that harvesters are more efficient in several cases compared to traditional felling with chainsaws.
Testing of yarn abrasion
Authors: Krupincová G. , Hatipoglu J.
Published: April 2013

There exist a lot of methodologies, which can be used for yarn quality testing. Abrasion resistance and its
measurement for raw and sized yarn can help in the judgment of yarn weaving-ability. This article concentrates on
the possibility of yarn abrasion expression and testing. Relation among fiber material characteristics, selected yarn
structural, and mechanical parameters is discussed and a few experimental results are shown.
Spectrophotometric determination of ascorbic acid in grapes with the Prussian Blue reaction
Authors: Matei Nicoleta , Dobrinas Simona , Radu Gabriel Lucian
Published: April 2013

The objective of the present work was to adapt the Prussian Blue reaction for the determination of ascorbic acid. The procedure was successfully applied for the determination of ascorbic acid in red and white grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) just previous ingathering. In the present work was used the red and white grapes from Murfatlar vineyard: Mamaia, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Sauvignon, Muscat Ottonel and Riesling Italian. The results were situated in the range of 0.67 - 1.79 mg vitamin C/100g product for red grapes and respectively 0.50 - 1.49 mg vitamin C/100g for white grapes.
Exploiting of the phenoxazine as first – ever use ligand in rapid spectrophotometric methods for the determination of chromium(VI) in environmental samples
Authors: Abdul Galil Mansour S. , Al Okab Riyad Ahmed
Published: April 2013

Two new rapid, accurate, sensitive, reproducible and economical spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of hexavalent chromium in bulk and in environmental samples like, water and soil using two new electrophilic coupling spectrophotometric reagents, 2-amino-2′,5-dichlorobenzophenone (MCB) and 2-amino-5-chloro-2'-fluorobenzophenone (MFB) and first-ever use phenoxazine (PNZ). Both methods are based on the oxidation of (MCB) or (MFB) by chromium(VI) in hydrochloric acid medium and coupling with PNZ to yield red colored, which are stable for about 12 h and have an absorbance maximum 520 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed for chromium(VI) in the concentration ranges 0.15-1.20 μg mL-1 and 0.17-1.41 μg mL- 1 respectively. The optimum reaction conditions and other important analytical parameters were established to maximize sensitivity of these methods. Interference by various non-target ions was also investigated. The performance of these methods was further evaluated by recovery tests applying standard addition method, which indicated that there is no significant difference between the proposed methods and the standard reference spectrophotometric method.
The behaviour of the oxo-biodegradable LDPE materials during the service life
Authors: Teodorescu Corina , Mitrana Lica , Teiu Anca-Corina
Published: April 2013

This is an experimental study on behaviour of oxo-biodegradable plastics containing additives during service life. Low density polyethylene is a most extensive used synthetic polymer with the largest production, because an important part of the production is converted into various products with short life cycle. The goal of this paper was to quantify the biodegradation of two low density polyethylene films containing 10% and 20% pro-oxidant AddiFlex in soil columns. Previously, the physical-mechanical properties and heavy metal content in polymer films have been determined. The obtained degree of mineralization was around 60% after 200 days of incubation for both studied polymer films (59.8% for 10% additive and 64.3% for 20% additive).
Study and Evaluation of Release Kinetics of Tramadol HCl from Lipid Based Sustained Release Capsules by Melt Matrix
Authors: Dewan Irin , Saha Ananta , Islam SM Ashraful , Gazi Mahjabeen , Amin Tasnuva , Chowdhury Sayeeda Fahmee
Published: April 2013

The aim of our study was to improve the dissolution of Tramadol hydrochloride (TH) via its semisolid filled lipid based capsules. Sustained release formulation is designed to achieve a prolonged therapeutic effect by continuously releasing medication over an extended period of time after administration of single dose. Semisolid matrixes of TH were prepared by melt-matrix method and were filled in hard gelatin capsule shell (size 0). In this experiment, a mixture of Glycerol monostearate (GMS) and lipid materials like different lipophilic oils and surfactants were used to improve the matrix integrity and drug release. The effects of different oils like Arachis oil, Soyabean oil, castor oil, neobee oil and olive oil and different surfactants such as Span 80, Tween 80, PEG 400, Chremophore RH 40, Cremophor EL were analyzed by formulating at various ratios. The matrices were subjected to the paddle dissolution method using 900 ml of phosphate buffer (pH 6.8). The dissolution test was performed at 100 RPM and the temperature was set at 37 ± 0.50C. The amount of drug was measured from the absorbance with a UV spectrophotometer at 270 nm. The release of drug was plotted in zero order-, 1st order- and Higuchi-release patterns. The correlation coefficients values of the trend lines of the graphs revealed that the formulations best fit in Higuchian release pattern. So it can be said that the pharmaceutical quality of Tramadol HCl capsules can be improved by using a semisolid lipophilic matrix filled in hard gelatin capsules. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v11i2.14572 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 11(2): 137-145, 2012 (December)
Encapsulation of Naproxen in Eudragit RSPO Microsphere system: In vitro Characterization and Compatibility Studies
Authors: Paul Shovan , Akhter Sharmin , Hasan Ikramul , Haider Syed Shabbir , Reza Md Selim
Published: April 2013

The present study has been performed to encapsulate naproxen to provide sustained action and to minimize local side effects by avoiding the drug release in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Naproxen was microencapsulated by oil-in-oil emulsification-solvent evaporation technique using Eudragit RSPO. The formulations were prepared by sequential increase in drug loading ranging from 10% to 70%. In-vitro drug release was studied in a paddle type dissolution apparatus (USP type II) for six hours in phosphate buffer having pH 7.4. At 10% and 70% loading the release were 42.89% and 86.33%, respectively. The release mechanisms were explored and explained with zero order, first order, Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas models. The correlation-coefficient values of the trend lines of the graphs showed that the formulations were best fitted with Korsmeyer-Peppas release pattern. Microspheres` surface morphologic study was done by scanning electron microscopy. Drug polymer incompatibility studies were performed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The absence of endothermic melting peak of naproxen in DSC thermogram revealed that the drug might be dispersed in the polymer as solid solution or in a metastable molecular dispersion. But the chemical integrity of Naproxen was not changed or destroyed within the microsphere which was confirmed by FTIR spectral data. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v11i2.14573 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 11(2): 147-155, 2012 (December)
Sodium Arsenite Induced Systemic Organ Damage and Changes in Various Blood Parameters in Mice
Authors: Sarker Rim Sabrina Jahan , Ahsan Nazmul , Akhand Anwarul Azim
Published: April 2013

In this study, we examined the toxic effects of arsenic in vivo taking mice as a model animal. Swiss albino mice with similar weights were divided into two groups. The mice belonging to the first group were used as the control, while the other group was exposed to sodium arsenite (SA) through drinking water. Compared to control, the level of hemoglobin in SA-exposed mice was decreased while the number of neutrophils and monocytes were increased. In addition, SA also induced increase in liver and spleen weight within 8 weeks of exposure. In contrast, the weight of the kidney was found to decrease. These findings in mice model might be useful for better understanding of the toxic effects of arsenic in order to develop effective remediation process against arsenicmediated effects on human health. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v11i2.14576 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 11(2): 169-172, 2012 (December)
Preparation and Evaluation of Carbamazepine Sustained Release Tablets
Authors: Saha Shib Sankar , Nazmi Mehrina , Saha Nandini , Reza Md Selim
Published: April 2013

The purpose of the present studies was to develop and characterize sustained release tablets of Carbamazepine, an antiepileptic drug. Tablets were prepared by direct compression method. In the formulation, the active drug was taken 200 mg in every formulation. Methocel K4M, Methocel K15M CR, Methocel K100LV CR, Eudragit RSPO and Eudragit RLPO polymers were used as rate retarding agents in twenty four formulations (F-1 to F-24). The effect of hydrophilic polymer PEG 6000 as channeling agent with Methocel K4M was observed in four formulations (F-5 to F-8). The granules were evaluated for angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density. The tablets were subjected to average weight, diameter, thickness, weight variation, hardness, friability and in vitro dissolution studies. The granules showed satisfactory flow properties, compressibility and drug content. The in vitro dissolution study was carried using USP Apparatus-I (Rotating basket method apparatus) for 6 to 12 hours in distilled water with 1% sodium lauryl sulphate as the dissolution medium. The release mechanisms were explored and explained by Zero order, First order, Higuchi, Korsmeyer-Peppas and Hixson-Crowell equations. Primarily twelve formulations were prepared by using four variable amount of three polymers; Methocel K4M (50, 100, 150 and 200 mg) in the formulations from F-1 to F-4, Methocel K15M CR (50, 100, 150 and 200 mg) in the formulations from F-9 to F-12 and Methocel K100LV CR (50, 100, 150 and 200 mg) in the formulations from F-13 to F-16. Then four formulations were prepared where Methocel K4M amount was same but using variable amount of hydrophilic polymer PEG 6000 (50, 100, 150 and 200 mg). After that another eight formulations were prepared by using polymer Eudragit RSPO and Eudragit RLPO by using variable amount. In F-17 to F-20 the use of Eudragit RSPO was in variable amount (50, 100, 150 and 200 mg) and in F-21 to F-24 the use of Eudragit RLPO was in variable amount (50, 100, 150 and 200 mg). Other excipients remained same in the formulations. Among these twenty four formulations sustainability was studied and compared with three market product of 200 mg tablet. It was found that effect of PEG 6000 as channeling agent subsequently decreased the sustaining action (Formulation F5-F8). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v11i2.14577 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 11(2): 173-180, 2012 (December)
La faune du site magdalénien de Ville-Saint-Jacques " le Tilloy " (sondage " Brézillon " ; Seine-et-Marne) : perspectives comparatistes dans le Bassin parisien
Authors: Bignon Olivier
Published: April 2013

Connue depuis plus de trente ans, la faune du site magdalénien de Ville-Saint-Jacques dans le Bassin parisien n’avait pourtant pas fait l’objet d’une étude publiée. À la suite du réexamen des ossements d’un sondage de 20 m2 du site réalisé par M. Brézillon en 1970, dans le cadre du PCR «Habitats et peuplements tardiglaciaires du Bassin parisien», cet article vise à compléter les données archéozoologiques de la région. Ainsi, le spectre de faune de Ville-Saint-Jacques est caractérisé par une domination conjointe du renne et du cheval, largement prépondérante par rapport aux très rares témoins d’autres espèces (ours, loup, mustélidé). Ce type de spectre, l’abondance des rennes et des chevaux abattus, les modalités de répartition spatiale des carcasses, ainsi que la proximité immédiate du site avec d’autres gisements cruciaux pour le Magdalénien du Bassin parisien (Pincevent, Tureau des Gardes, le Grand Canton) sont analysés et discutés. Certaines réflexions et perspectives de recherche émergent alors quant à l’organisation sociale de ces groupes, leurs objectifs cynégétiques et leur immersion dans un environnement sujet à des conditions climatiques changeantes.
Que sont les mégalithes gersois devenus ?
Authors: Beyneix Alain
Published: April 2013

Since the last decades of the 19th century, the megalithic monuments of the Gers département have undergone repeated destruction. The majority disappeared after they were dismantled to facilitate agricultural work or were used as stone quarries. The dolmens suffered greatly from this systematic deterioration; in fact, if the very dubious monument of Hourès at Lagraulet-du-Gers is excluded, not a single one remains. The same is true for the menhirs, isolated or grouped, listed in the documentary sources, except that of Busca which is still standing in the commune of Mansencôme. The conclusions are easy to draw: apart from these two monuments, at present there remain no megaliths on the current territory of this département. Thus, the inventory and distribution maps of megaliths in Gers which can be established remain largely dependent on the old articles of Ludovic Mazéret published from 1907 to 1918. A review of these architectural constructions in the bibliography reveals a less important corpus than in the neighbouring départements of south-western France. They include simple dolmens which can be assimilated with west Pyrenean dolmens, megalithic cists, menhirs and circles of standing stones. Moreover, the gathering of legends and folklore connected with these monuments provides valuable historiographic data on the megalithic phenomenon.
Changis-sur-Marne " les Pétreaux " : trois siècles d'évolution d'établissements ruraux de la fin du Bronze final au début du premier Âge du Fer
Authors: Lafage Françoise , Auxiette Ginette , Brunet Paul , Delattre Valérie , Le Jeune Yann , Martial Emmanuelle , Matterne Véronique , Praud Ivan
Published: April 2013

Un site de plaine alluviale de la basse vallée de la Marne a pu être suivi de façon exceptionnelle sur une cinquantaine d’hectares au cours des dix dernières années dans la carrière Cemex, qui exploite les granulats dans le double méandre d’Armentières, en amont de Meaux. Cette fouille préventive extensive a permis de découvrir, entre autres choses, une série de fermes successives du Bronze final moyen et final, que l’on peut déjà mettre en relation avec les deux noyaux de nécropole à incinérations, situés à environ 250 m de l’habitat, sur la butte ancienne; le motif de cette recherche a été la mise en évidence de la structure spatiale interne de chaque unité domestique reconnue en croisant toutes les données du site: céramique, faune, lithique, macrorestes et os humains. Les hypothèses d’interprétation faites dès 2002 sont le fruit d’un travail collectif mené depuis sept années par une même équipe INRAP; les premiers résultats présentés dans ce texte sur les activités domestiques de l’habitat rural du Bronze final ont été obtenus avant même l’achèvement de la fouille sur le terrain.
Le site paléolithique moyen récent du Fond des Blanchards à Gron (Yonne). État des premières recherches et implications
Authors: Chaussé Christine , Bémilli Céline , Lhomme Vincent , Nicoud Élisa , Coudenneau Aude , Pagli Marina , Rocca Roxane
Published: April 2013

The Middle Palaeolithic settlement of «Le Fond des Blanchards» was discovered in 1996 in a gravel quarry of the Yonne valley (Paris Basin, France). It is contained in an alluvial sequence, the Gron formation, which overlies the 3 ± m incision floor. The settlement has yielded several prehistoric levels attributed to the Lower or Middle Pleniglacial Weichselian substages. The lower levels (DG, DB, D5, D4, D3 and D2) are interstratified in a sandy bank deposit belonging to a braided channel. A loamy sand representing floodplain deposits contains the upper levels (Da, D1). The D levels result from different occupations in the same natural context, along the river bank. Faunal remains found on the settlement (Reindeer and Horse) attest to cool climatic conditions and an open landscape. The lithic artefacts configuration shows that all stages of flake production in the

chaîne opératoire are represented on the site, from the acquisition of raw material to the transformation of blanks into tools. The knapping methods are simple and allow the production of a large diversity in flake morphology; «type-tools» are rare. In the C level knapping results in the production of large flakes to be transformed into scrapers. Found in large numbers, they are structured along the same manufacturing concept: it involves intensive reworking. The techno-functional analysis allowed the transformation modalities to be recreated, and showed the production of various types of blanks where reworking took place in ways specific to the different techno-types. The lithic assemblages of Le Fond des Blanchards have been qualified, on techno-typological criteria, as «Moustérien de type Quina», as described in south-western France. However the last technological and techno-functional analyses allow us to reconsider this attribution. The lithic production systems of Le Fond des Blanchards are both classical Quina-like and as original as Levallois. The production objectives seem to be more varied and the manufacturing of tools leads to the realisation of different morpho-types of quite functionally precise scrapers. The lithic production systems of Le Fond des Blanchards, beyond the typological and technological differences, lead to the revising of our definitions, and to looking anew at the variability of the Neanderthalian lithic industries during the last part of the Middle Palaeolithic.
De nouveaux arguments pour un rattachement au Badegoulien des séries dites «à grands burins transversaux» de la vallée de la Claise
Authors: Chehmana Lucie , Liard Morgane , Bodu Pierre
Published: April 2013

De récentes opérations de terrain menées sur le gisement du Buisson Pignier (Indre-et-Loire) ont apporté de nouvelles informations sur le cadre chronoculturel des séries dites «à grands burins transversaux» découvertes dans la vallée de la Claise. Leur rattachement à la phase culturelle du Badegoulien est aujourd’hui largement privilégié. Cette proposition repose avant tout sur une meilleure caractérisation technologique de ces fameux «grands burins transversaux». À partir de l’industrie récoltée au Buisson Pignier, il est en effet démontré que ces objets résultent d’une chaîne opératoire de production de lamelles qui présente de fortes similitudes avec celle mise en oeuvre par certains groupes badegouliens du Bassin parisien. En outre, les analyses géomorphologiques réalisées sur le site et les données stratigraphiques issues d’un gisement proche offrent un premier calage chronologique à ces industries, certes encore trop imprécis, mais qui crédite l’hypothèse du rapprochement avec le Badegoulien.
Le Badegoulien du nord de t'Aquitaine: de nouveaux moyens de lecture
Authors: Cretin Catherine , Fourloubey Christophe , Ferullo Olivier , Lenoir Michel , Morala André
Published: April 2013

Faire une synthèse du Badegoulien en Aquitaine du nord n’est pas sans risque. D’une part, la nature des sites et la qualité des données à notre disposition sont disparates; d’autre part, l’analyse des industries lithiques est souvent compliquée du fait de la diversité et de la variabilité s’exprimant tant dans l’outillage que dans les modalités de débitage, qui portent notamment sur leurs degrés d’élaboration. Dans ce contexte et en l’absence d’un corpus de datations étoffé, la sériation même du Badegoulien reste délicate. Pourtant, le renouveau des travaux sur le sujet depuis le début des années quatre-vingt-dix devrait nous permettre, dans cette région peut-être plus solidement qu’ailleurs, de proposer un certain nombre d’éléments de compréhension, à la fois typologiques, technologiques et économiques. Devant ce constat, nous avons pris le parti de nous accorder sur un certain nombre de points, que nous considérons, à l’échelle régionale du moins, comme susceptibles d’être des éléments stables, invariants dans la détermination du Badegoulien: une production souvent dominée par les éclats mais où les lames restent une composante intangible, une typologie fortement marquée par les raclettes ou les burins transversaux. À partir de ce socle de caractères discriminants, nous proposons un certain nombre de traits qui leur sont associés de façon non systématique et/ ou dont la présence est récurrente mais parfois quantitativement faible, et nous nous interrogeons sur leur signification. L’extrême diversité apparente est-elle l’expression d’une réelle variabilité? Si oui, celle-ci n’est-elle pas en ellemême un caractère fort du Badegoulien? C’est par cette structuration bipartite entre caractères essentiels et caractères auxiliaires que nous pensons mieux appréhender l’identité du Badegoulien en Aquitaine-nord. Pour ce faire, ce premier essai de synthèse devra ensuite être discuté par la confrontation avec les autres données disponibles (archéozoologie, industrie osseuse, parure, art mobilier…).
Entre Badegoulien et Magdalénien, nos cœurs balancent... Approche critique des industries lithiques du Sud de la France et du Nord-Est espagnol entre 19000 et 16500 BP
Authors: Ducasse Sylvain , Langlais Mathieu
Published: April 2013

La polymorphie des assemblages post-solutréens s’est traduite, à l’échelle de l’Ouest européen, par une grande diversité des termes employés par les préhistoriens lors de leurs tentatives de sériations chronologiques des différentes identités reconnues entre 19000 et 16500 BP. Qu’il s’agisse de Magdalénien ancien, archaïque, initial, inférieur ou de Badegoulien, cette pluralité nominale, souvent liée à une approche régionaliste du phénomène, montre bien à quel point ces industries s’accommodent mal des cadres préétablis. En France, la scission proposée entre Badegoulien et Magdalénien, en même temps qu’elle mena à la création d’une nouvelle «culture» préhistorique, poussa les chercheurs à repenser la structuration chronologique de la fin du Pléniglaciaire. Il fallut d’une part appréhender le Badegoulien comme une entité autonome (y reconnaître une «naissance», une «maturité» puis un «déclin») et, de l’autre, rendre au Magdalénien, alors en partie tronqué, une véritable phase ancienne. Enfants de ces débats, les recherches actuelles menées sur les identités badegoulienne et magdalénienne restent aujourd’hui marquées par cet héritage terminologique. Les analyses technologiques sont venues, depuis un certain nombre d’années, appuyer ce choix d’une séparation entre Badegoulien et Magdalénien en permettant la mise en évidence de caractères discriminants. Bien que cette culture badegoulienne soit apparue si différente du Magdalénien classique, l’idée d’un passage progressif des dernières industries badegouliennes vers celui-ci a pu être évoquée à plusieurs reprises lors de la découverte d’assemblages originaux aux caractères mixtes (association raclettes/ lamelles à dos). Ceux-ci, notamment présents en France méridionale, côtoient des industries désormais attribuées au Magdalénien inférieur, faciès défini depuis quelques dizaines d’années dans les Cantabres. Entre derniers représentants de la culture badegoulienne et premières manifestations de l’entité magdalénienne, comment aborder la question de ces industries de «transition»? Les recherches récentes sur des gisements stratifiés dont les contextes taphonomiques sont globalement maîtrisés (le Cuzoul de Vers, Gandil) permettent d’établir une sorte d’état des lieux des «normes techniques» lithiques du Badegoulien et du Magdalénien inférieur et amènent, par-là même, à s’interroger sur la nature des gisements combinant des éléments appartenant à chacune de ces entités.
Badegouliens et Magdaléniens du versant méditerranéen espagnol
Authors: Aura Tortosa Joan Emili
Published: April 2013

Between the end of the Solutrean and the beginning of the Magdalenian, with blade-bladelet knapping, important changes took place in the Spanish Mediterranean region. Some are very obvious, such as the transformation in work techniques and materials used in the manufacture of hunting equipment: from the lithic points of the Upper Solutrean to those in bone and antler of the Badegoulian - Magdalenian. A marked increase in the number of sites is also observed during the Upper Solutrean, a situation that was repeated in the mid-later phases of the Magdalenian, with blade-bladelet knapping. Palaeoclimatic and radiocarbon documentation accumulated in recent years allows these transformations to be observed from a perspective that is not only regional but also global, in relation to palaeoenvironmental and cultural changes that accelerated from the Last Glacial Maximum.
Haches plates en cuivre dans le Jura français. Transferts à longue distance de biens socialement valorisés pendant les IVe et IIIe millénaires
Authors: Klassen Lutz , Pétrequin Pierre , Grut Hervé
Published: April 2013

The likely provenance and dates for six flat copper axes from the Jura region in eastern France have been established with the aid of metallographic and typological comparisons. The selection of the artefacts studied was based on a preliminary typological examination that was conducted to isolate specimens potentially dating from the 4th millennium BC. Only one axe from Pont-de-Roide turned out actually to belong to this phase, as it could be identified as an import from the Pfyn Culture between 3700 and 3500 BC. The find was made of east Alpine Mondsee copper. An axe from Montmorot was probably imported from the south of France in the 3rd millennium, whereas the remaining four items from Chassagne-Saint-Denis, Myon, Rochefort-sur-Nenon and Salins-les-Bains could surprisingly be identified as imports from the Atlantic region in France (Brittany and Vendée). These axes date from the end of the Neolithic or the very beginnings of the Bronze Age (2nd half of the 3rd millennium) and were probably produced from copper ores found in Brittany. Finally, a seventh flat copper axe was added to the study. The very large axe from Seurre is a longdistance import from Spain and can probably be assigned to the Bell Beaker Culture. A comparison of these imports with others from the Jura region that have a social significance (serpentine battle axes, Forcalquier flint blades, Grand-Pressigny flint daggers) allows us to suggest some possible reasons for the exchange of flat copper axes over distances of between 200 and more than 1 000 kilometres as the crow flies.
Le château Moncade à Orthez
Authors: Duluc Stéphanie
Published: April 2013

Le château d'Orthez est l'oeuvre du vicomte béarnais Gaston VII Moncade (1229-1290). Il a probablement été édifié entre la fin de la première moitié du XIIIe siècle et les années 1270-1281 grâce aux dons de la couronne d'Angleterre. Son résident le plus illustre, Gaston III dit Fébus (1343-1391), n'y apporta en fait que des modifications minimes. Le site offre une série d'éléments remarquables. II présente en effet un rare exemple de fossé entièrement maçonné daté du XIIIe siècle , une tour-maîtresse pentagonale qui, associée à un corps de logis, constitue un des derniers exemples de salle à tour de la région , mais aussi un type d'archères à niche à ebrasements divergents exceptionnel en France qui pourrait confirmer l'influence Plantagenêt.
Archéologie et liturgie. L'exemple de la dédicace de l'église et de la consécration de l'autel
Authors: Palazzo-Bertholon Bénédicte , Palazzo Éric
Published: April 2013

Les rapports entre archéologie et liturgie ont tait l'objet ces dernières années d'investigations nouvelles, étant donné l'ancrage historique fort de l'étude de la liturgie médiévale et l'ouverture aux disciplines scientifiques de l'archéologie. Le présent article examine la signification symbolique du vocabulaire technique relatif aux enduits et aux mortiers contenu dans le texte du rituel de la dédicace de l'église et de la consécration de l'autel du Pontifical romain. Il apparaît fort vraisemblable que l'emploi des mots techniques pour désigner les enduits et les mortiers dans ce texte liturgique utilisé pour la fondation d'une église concerne le symbolisme des matériaux de construction défini par les théologiens médiévaux.
Châlucet et les châteaux de Maître Géraud de Maulmont
Authors: Rémy Christian
Published: April 2013

C'est dans le dernier tiers du XIIIe siècle que maître Géraud de Maulmont, clerc des rois Philippe le Hardi puis Philippe le Bel, édifia une série de palais fortifiés en Limousin et Périgord. Cet ambitieux personnage, serviteur du pouvoir royal et prévaricateur aguerri, finança la réalisation d'au moins six forteresses dont les caractéristiques communes sont manifestes et se distinguent des autres châteaux de son temps. Châlus-Chabrol, Courbefy, Châlus-Maulmont, Bourdeilles doivent lui être attribués mais le château neuf de Châlucet est sans nul doute sa réalisation la plus aboutie et la mieux conservée. Tout concourt à montrer que le château bourguignon de Montfort est l'œuvre de ce même commanditaire.

L'étude fait le lien entre le chantier de Châlucet et les autres réalisations imputables à Géraud de Maulmont. Elle propose quelques clés de compréhension de cette intense activité d'un clerc du roi frénétiquement bâtisseur.
Les manoirs à tour-fuie dans les Côtes d'Armor
Authors: Leloup Daniel
Published: April 2013

Le département des Côtes d'Annor a conservé un ensemble de manoirs à tour-fuie exceptionnel. Ce modèle associe au cœur du bâtiment l'escalier et le pigeonnier, il a été abandonné dès le début du XVIe siècle. Les nuisances auditives et olfactives liées à la présence d'un grand nombre de volatiles (jusqu'à un millier dans les exemples étudiés) en sont évidemment la cause.

En fonction de la richesse des commanditaires, plusieurs modes d'accès aux fuies ont été observés : simple échelle, vis unique et double vis. Cependant, à l'intérieur les dispositions restent toujours les mêmes. Les boulins, appareillés avec grand soin, sont pris dans l'épaisseur du mur de la tour et une fenêtre d'envol constitue l'unique accès extérieur pour les pigeons.

Géographiquement très dipersés, les manoirs costarmoricains à tour-fuie attestent que cet habitat était couramment utilisé jusqu'à la fin du Moyen Age.
« La Buffette », une résidence patricienne des XIIe et XIIIe siècles à Provins
Authors: Garrigou Grandchamp Pierre , Mesqui Jean , Deforge Olivier
Published: April 2013

« La Buffette », a patrician residence of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries in Provins.

The hôtel de la Buffette is located in the upper city at Provins, a short distance from the place des Changes, one of the economic hubs of the city. It is composed of a residence with a tower dating from the mid twelfth century and an annex, from the thirteenth century, which embraces the southern flank and was originally much larger. The tower is a remarkable building which still rises two stories and is covered with impressively constructed vaults and appointed with engaging capitals (one represents the « Temptation of Adam and Eve »). The upper story is particulary well designed for a residence, with chimney, sink, a small chamber for the latrine and a wardrobe annex. The adjoining building is also equipped with several latrines. Probably built by a noble family from Brie, the Bristaud, the « tower manor » is one of the rare examples of an aristocratie Romanesque residence in northern France. The construction is of very high quality, comparable with that of contemporary religious buildings such as the collegiate church of Saint- Quiriace. The « tower manor » passed into the hands of a bourgeois family in the thirteenth century and took on the form of a large composite residence.
La «Tour d'Arles » de Caussade (Tarn-et-Garonne) : étude archéologique d'une maison patricienne de la fin du XIIIe siècle
Authors: Pousthomis Bernard , Pousthomis-Dalle Nelly
Published: April 2013

The Tour d'Arles at Caussade.

An archaeological study of the elevation of the « tour d'Arles » has clarified the original disposition of the building when it was erected in the third quarter of the thirteenth century. Built of brick, its two radier ostentations street facades were given beautiful twin bay windows and painted decoration. The interior volume is divided into three storeys served by a straight staircase. On the ground floor, a large space opening onto the public square - probably a storage depot — shares a wall widi the staircase leading to the lodgings. The arrangement of the two other storeys, provided with appointments for comfortable living (window seats, many closets, lamp niches) and its painted decoration, mark it as a dwelling of high standing. The upper parts of the medieval building are nearly intact, and archaeological vestiges allow for a reconstruction of the roof which is masked by a screen wall.