bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using citation tracking for systematic literature searching - study protocol for a scoping review of methodological studies and an expert survey
Authors: Hirt Julian , Nordhausen Thomas , Appenzeller-Herzog Christian , Ewald Hannah
Published: December 2020

Background: Up-to-date guidance on comprehensive study identification for systematic reviews is crucial. According to current recommendations, systematic searching should combine electronic database searching with supplementary search methods. One such supplementary search method is citation tracking. It aims at collecting directly and/or indirectly cited and citing references from "seed references”. Tailored and evidence-guided recommendations concerning the use of citation tracking are strongly needed.

Objective: We intend to develop recommendations for the use of citation tracking in health-related systematic literature searching. Our study will be guided by the following research questions: What are the benefits of citation tracking for health-related systematic literature searching? Which perspectives and experiences do experts in the field of literature retrieval methods have with regard to citation tracking in health-related systematic literature searching?

Methods: Our study will have two parts: a scoping review and an expert survey. The scoping review aims at identifying methodological studies on benefits or problems of citation tracking in health-related systematic literature searching with no restrictions on study design, language, and publication date. We will perform database searching in MEDLINE, The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Web of Science Core Collection, two information science databases, and free web searching. Two reviewers will independently assess full texts of selected abstracts. We will conduct direct backward and forward citation tracking on included articles. The results of the scoping review will inform our expert survey through which we aim to learn about experts΄ perspectives and experiences. We will narratively synthesize the results and derive recommendations for performing health-related systematic reviews.
Definite Descriptions in Intuitionist Positive Free Logic
Authors: Kürbis Nils
Published: December 2020

This paper presents rules of inference for a binary quantifier I for the formalisation of sentences containing definite descriptions within intuitionist positive free logic. I binds one variable and forms a formula from two formulas. Ix[F,G] means ‘The F is G’. The system is shown to have desirable proof-theoretic properties: it is proved that deductions in it can be brought into normal form. The discussion is rounded up by comparisons between the approach to the formalisation of definite descriptions recommended here and the more usual approach that uses a term-forming operator ι, where ιxF means ‘the F’.
La financiación de las guardas reales de la Corona de Castilla durante el reinado de Felipe el Hermoso: ¿una reforma fallida?.
Authors: Gálvez Gambero Federico
Published: December 2020

El pago de las guardas reales, el principal cuerpo militar de Castilla a fines de la Edad Media, dependió del crédito de unos financieros, los obligados, que adelantaban el mismo, recuperando luego las cantidades sobre las rentas ordinarias. Pese a la estabilidad que se le ha presupuesto, este sistema no estuvo exento de cambios ni problemas. El asiento para estas en 1505 constituye un ejemplo, impidiendo las dificultades fiscales aportar el total previsto por los obligados. Tal situación solo se solucionó tras la llegada a Castilla de Felipe el Hermoso en 1506, que negoció un importante préstamo con fray Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros para pagar lo adeudado el año anterior. Ello mientras promovía grandes cambios, en parte forzados por la situación hacendística, sobre la manera en que
habrían de pagarse las mismas a partir de entonces, culminando un plan de reforma que su temprana muerte impidió llevar a término.
All in good taste
Authors: Hart Karen
Published: December 2020

Karen Hart kicks off a new series linking cooking to different areas of the curriculum. Here she provides some simple ideas for creative showstoppers.
Dinosaur stomp
Authors: Harries Judith
Published: December 2020

The books of Ian Whybrow combine two of children's favourite things – dinosaurs and the potential for exuberant movement, particularly when they play ‘Dinosaur stomp’.
Effective dose of radiation per screw in surgery of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Matched pair analysis of 293 pedicle screws inserted using three different techniques
Authors: Konieczny Markus Rafael , Boos Johannes , Steuwe Andrea , Schleich Christoph , Prost Max , Krauspe Rüdiger
Published: December 2020

Purpose

Reports on heterogenous groups of patients have indicated that pedicle screw insertion guided by navigation (PIN) leads to, for the patient, higher doses of radiation compared with pedicle screw insertion guided by fluoroscopy (PIF). This would be a major concern, especially in paediatric deformity correction.

Methods

After a power analysis (aiming at > 0.8) 293 pedicle screws which were inserted in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis were analyzed by comparing effective dose and fluoroscopy time per screw for three different techniques. Groups 2 and 3 were matched to Group 1 by Lenke type of scoliosis. Group 1 were prospectively enrolled consecutive patients that have been operated on by PIN with image acquisition by preoperative CT scan (CTS). Group 2 were consecutive retrospectively matched patients who have been operated on by PIN with image acquisition by an intraoperative 3D scan (3DS). Group 3 were consecutive retrospectively matched patients who have been operated on by PIF.

Results

Mean dose of radiation per screw was 1.0 mSv (sd 0.8) per screw in CTS patients, 0.025 mSv (sd 0.001) per screw in 3DS patients and 0.781 mSv (sd 0.12) per screw in PIF patients. The difference was significant (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

When we compared different techniques of navigation, navigation by image acquisition with CTS showed a significantly higher (by 97.5%) dose of radiation per screw for the patient than navigation by image acquisition by a 3DS. Navigation by 3DS showed significantly lower effective dose per screw for the adolescent patients than the fluoroscopic technique.

Level of Evidence

II
Investigation on roughness-induced scattering loss of small-core polymer waveguides for single-mode optical interconnect applications
Authors: Shi Ying , Ma Lin , Zhuang Yudi , He Zuyuan
Published: December 2020

We investigated the roughness-induced scattering loss (LossR) of small-core polymer waveguides fabricated using the photolithography method, both theoretically and experimentally. The dependence of LossR on the roughness parameter, waveguide dimension, operation wavelength, refractive index difference and distribution, polarization sensitivity, sidewall angle, and bending radius were studied. The surface roughness of both the sidewall and the top/bottom of the fabricated waveguides were measured using laser confocal microscope, and the results showed that the averaged sidewall roughness was approximately 60 nm, which is 3 times that of the top/bottom surface. As a result, the sidewall roughness-induced LossR is 9 times that induced by the top/bottom roughness. The calculated value of LossR agrees well with the measured value. LossR increases rapidly with the decrease in the waveguide width, especially when the waveguide width is reduced below 10 µm, at which the LossR is approximately 0.3 dB/cm. On the other hand, the dependence of LossR on the waveguide height is negligible. Our results provide guidance for developing single-mode polymer waveguides with low loss for optical interconnect applications.
Terahertz multifunction switch and optical storage based on triple plasmon-induced transparency on a single-layer patterned graphene metasurface
Authors: Gao Enduo , Li Hongjian , Liu Zhimin , Xiong Cuixiu , Liu Chao , Ruan Banxian , Li Min , Zhang Baihui
Published: December 2020

A terahertz metasurface consisting of a graphene ribbon and three graphene strips, which can generate a significant triple plasmon-induced transparency (triple-PIT), is proposed to realize a multifunction switch and optical storage. Numerical simulation triple-PIT which is the result of destructive interference between three bright modes and a dark mode can be fitted by coupled mode theory (CMT). The penta-frequency asynchronous and quatary-frequency synchronous switches can be achieved by modulating the graphene Fermi levels. And the switch performance including modulation depth (83.5% < MD < 93.5%) and insertion loss (0.10 dB < IL < 0.26 dB) is great excellent. In addition, the group index of the triple-PIT can be as high as 935, meaning an excellent optical storage is achieved. Thus, the work provides a new method for designing terahertz multi-function switches and optical storages.
Non-steady-state photo-EMF in β-Ga2O3 crystals at λ = 457 nm
Authors: Bryushinin Mikhail A. , Kulikov Vladimir V. , Petrov Alexander A. , Sokolov Igor A. , Romashko Roman V. , Kulchin Yuri N.
Published: December 2020

The non-steady-state photoelectromotive force is excited in a monoclinic gallium oxide crystal at wavelength λ = 457 nm. The crystal grown in an oxygen atmosphere is insulating and highly transparent for a visible light, nevertheless, the formation of dynamic space-charge gratings and observation of the photo-EMF signal is achieved without application of any electric field to the sample. The dependencies of the signal amplitude on the frequency of phase modulation, light intensity, spatial frequency and light polarization are measured. The material demonstrates the anisotropy along the [100] and [010] directions, namely, there is a small difference in the transport parameters and a pronounced polarization dependence of the signal. The crystal’s photoconductivity, responsivity and diffusion length of electrons are estimated for the chosen light wavelength and compared with the ones for other wide-bandgap crystals.
All-fiber single-cavity dual-comb for coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy based on spectral focusing
Authors: Qin Yukun , Cromey Benjamin , Batjargal Orkhongua , Kieu Khanh
Published: December 2020

We report an all-fiber free-running bidirectional dual-comb laser system for coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy based on spectral focusing. The mode-locked oscillator is a bidirectional ring-cavity erbium fiber laser running at a repetition rate of

∼

114

M
H
z

. One output of the bidirectional laser is wavelength-shifted from 1560 to 1060 nm via supercontinuum generation for use as the pump source. We have been able to record the Raman spectra of various samples such as polystyrene, olive oil, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and polyethylene in the C–H stretching window. We believe that this all-fiber laser design has promising potential for coherent Raman spectroscopy and also label-free imaging for a variety of practical applications.
Hot-pressed ceramic Fe:ZnSe gain-switched laser
Authors: Karki Krishna , Yu Shengquan , Fedorov Vladimir , Martyshkin Dmitry , Subedi Shova , Wu Yiquan , Mirov Sergey
Published: December 2020

We report the first room temperature gain-switched Fe:ZnSe hot-pressed ceramic laser pumped by 2.94 µm radiation of mechanically Q-switched Er:YAG laser. The maximum output energy at 4.2 µm was 41 mJ at 3 Hz repetition rate and 120 ns pulse duration. The measured slope efficiency was 25% with respect to the absorbed energy. This technique could be attractive for the future development of high-energy short-pulse solid-state mid-IR systems.
Reduction of in-hospital cardiac arrest with sequential deployment of rapid response team and medical emergency team to the emergency department and acute care wards
Authors: Mankidy Babith , Howard Christopher , Morgan Christopher K. , Valluri Kartik A. , Giacomino Bria , Marfil Eddie , Voore Prakruthi , Ababio Yao , Razjouyan Javad , Naik Aanand D. , Herlihy James P.
Published: December 2020

Purpose

This study aimed to determine if sequential deployment of a nurse-led Rapid Response Team (RRT) and an intensivist-led Medical Emergency Team (MET) for critically ill patients in the Emergency Department (ED) and acute care wards improved hospital-wide cardiac arrest rates.

Methods

In this single-center, retrospective observational cohort study, we compared the cardiac arrest rates per 1000 patient-days during two time periods. Our hospital instituted a nurse-led RRT in 2012 and added an intensivist-led MET in 2014. We compared the cardiac arrest rates during the nurse-led RRT period and the combined RRT-MET period. With the sequential approach, nurse-led RRT evaluated and managed rapid response calls in acute care wards and if required escalated care and co-managed with an intensivist-led MET. We specifically compared the rates of pulseless electrical activity (PEA) in the two periods. We also looked at the cardiac arrest rates in the ED as RRT-MET co-managed patients with the ED team.

Results

Hospital-wide cardiac arrests decreased from 2.2 events per 1000 patient-days in the nurse-led RRT period to 0.8 events per 1000 patient-days in the combined RRT and MET period (p-value = 0.001). Hospital-wide PEA arrests and shockable rhythms both decreased significantly. PEA rhythms significantly decreased in acute care wards and the ED.

Conclusion

Implementing an intensivist-led MET-RRT significantly decreased the overall cardiac arrest rate relative to the rate under a nurse-led RRT model. Additional MET capabilities and early initiation of advanced, time-sensitive therapies likely had the most impact.
Oesophageal cancer magnitude and presentation in Ethiopia 2012–2017
Authors: Wondimagegnehu Abigiya , Hirpa Selamawit , Abaya Samson Wakuma , Gizaw Muluken , Getachew Sefonias , Ayele Wondimu , Yirgu Robel , Demeke Tamiru , Dessalegn Berhe , Diribi Jilcha , Kaba Mirgissa , Assefa Mathewos , Jemal Ahmedin , Kantelhardt Eva Johanna , Addissie Adamu
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study was to assess the magnitude, socio-demographic, and clinical characteristics of oesophageal cancer patients in selected referral hospitals of Ethiopia. A retrospective document review was employed in ten referral hospitals in different regions of Ethiopia. A structured data extraction tool was used to extract data from clinical care records of all clinically and pathologically confirmed oesophageal cancer patients who were diagnosed and treated in those hospitals from 2012 to 2017. During the study period, a total of 777 oesophageal cancer cases were identified, and the median age of these patients was 55 years, with an interquartile range of 19. More than half (55.1%, n = 428) of the cases were males, and the majority of them were reported from Oromia (49.9%, n = 388) and Somali (25.9%, n = 202) regional states. The highest numbers of oesophageal cancer cases were recorded in 2016 (23.8%, n = 185), while the lowest were in 2012 (12.6%, n = 98). Eighty per cent of oesophageal cancer cases were diagnosed in later stages of the disease. More than one-fourth (27.0%, n = 210) of patients had surgical procedures where the majority (74.3%, n = 156) required insertion of a feeding tube followed by transhiatal oesophagectomy (10.9%, n = 23). Of the 118 patients for which there was histology data, squamous cell carcinoma (56.7%, n = 67) and adenocarcinoma (36.4%, n = 43) were the predominant histologic type. One-fourth (25.0%, n = 194) of the patients were alive, and more than two-thirds (71.7%, n = 557) of the patients’ current status was unknown at the time of the review. In these referral hospitals of Ethiopia, many oesophageal cancer patients presented during later stages of the disease and needed palliative care measures. The number of patients seen in Oromia and Somali hospitals by far exceeded hospitals of the other regions, thus postulating possibly unique risk factors in those geographic areas.
Biogenic iron oxide nanoparticles enhance callogenesis and regeneration pattern of recalcitrant Cicer arietinum L.
Authors: Irum Samra , Jabeen Nyla , Ahmad Khawaja Shafique , Shafique Saima , Khan Talha Farooq , Gul Hina , Anwaar Sadaf , Shah Nuzhat Imam , Mehmood Ansar , Hussain Syed Zaheer
Published: December 2020

This study is the first report on the biosynthesized iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) which mediate in-vitro callus induction and shoot regeneration in economically important recalcitrant chickpea crop (Cicer arietinum L.). Here, we used leaf extract of Cymbopogon jwarancusa for the synthesis of IONPs in order to achieve a better biocompatibility. The bioactive compounds in C. jwarancusa leaf extract served as both reducing and capping agents in the fabrication process of IONPs. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) revealed rods like surface morphology of IONPs with an average diameter of 50±0.2 nm. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) depicted formation of pure IONPs with 69.84% Fe and 30.16% O2. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) validate the crystalline structure, chemical analysis detect the presence of various biomolecular fingerprints in the as synthesized IONPs. UV-visible absorption spectroscopy depicts activity of IONPs under visible light. Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) displayed thermal loss of organic capping around 500°C and confirmed their stabilization. The biosynthesized IONPs revealed promising results in callus induction, shoot regeneration and root induction of chickpea plants. Both chickpea varieties Punjab-Noor 09 and Bittle-98 explants, Embryo axes (EA) and Embryo axes plus adjacent part of cotyledon (EXC) demonstrated dose-dependent response. Among all explants, EXC of Punjab-Noor variety showed the highest callogenesis (96%) and shoot regeneration frequency (88%), while root induction frequency was also increased to 83%. Iron content was quantified in regenerated chickpea varieties through inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. The quantity of iron is significantly increased in Punjab-Noor regenerated plants (4.88 mg/g) as compare to control treated plants (2.42 mg/g). We found that IONPs enhance chickpea growth pattern and keep regenerated plantlets infection free by providing an optimum environment for rapid growth and development. Thus, IONPs synthesized through green process can be utilized in tissue culture studies in other important recalcitrant legumes crops.
“I did not know about all these”: Perceptions regarding safer conception methods by women living with HIV in Gaborone, Botswana
Authors: Gutin Sarah A. , Harper Gary W. , Moshashane Neo , Ramontshonyana Kehumile , Mompe Atlang , Fleming Paul J. , Harries Jane , Ramogola-Masire Doreen , Morroni Chelsea
Published: December 2020

Various safer conception methods to limit HIV transmission risks can be offered in resource-constrained settings. However, implementation of safer conception services remains limited in many countries, including Botswana. Understanding perceptions about safer conception methods and the benefits and challenges to use can help with the development of policies, interventions, and service delivery models. Forty-five women living with HIV in the greater Gaborone, Botswana area participated in focus group discussions. Themes were analyzed using interpretive phenomenology. Despite low knowledge of specific safer conception methods that can be used to prevent transmission of HIV when trying to achieve pregnancy, there was noted interest in pre-exposure prophylaxis and vaginal insemination. Challenges to greater uptake were noted including a lack of knowledge about a range of SC methods, limited partner support and communication, provider stigma, health systems barriers, current policies, and the cultural acceptability of methods. Interventions will need to address these challenges and be responsive to the needs and reflect the realities of WLHIV who desire pregnancy in order for safer conception uptake to become a common practice.
Risk factors of progression to endometrial cancer in women with endometrial hyperplasia: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Jeong Jin Young , Hwang Sung Ook , Lee Banghyun , Kim Kidong , Kim Yong Beom , Park Sung Hye , Choi Hwa Yeon
Published: December 2020

Objective

This study aimed to investigate risk factors of progression to endometrial cancer (EC) in women with non-atypical and atypical endometrial hyperplasia (EH).

Methods

The data of 62,333 women with EH diagnostic codes from 2007 to 2018 were sourced from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service databases. The data from 11,525 women with non-atypical EH and 2,219 women with atypical EH who met the selection criteria were extracted for analysis.

Results

Risk of EC in women with EH decreased in 40–49 year olds compared to other ages (non-atypical EH: [≤39 vs. 40–49 years] HR, 0.557; 95% CI, 0.439–0.708; P<0.001; [≤39 vs. ≥50 years] P = 0.739; atypical EH: [≤39 vs. 40–49 years] HR, 0.391; 95% CI, 0.229–0.670; P = 0.001; [≤39 vs. ≥50 years] P = 0.712). Risk of EC increased with increase in number of follow-up biopsies in women with non-atypical EH (1 biopsy: HR, 1.835; 95% CI, 1.282–2.629; P = 0.001; ≥2 biopsies: HR, 3.644; 95% CI, 2.585–5.317; P<0.001) and in women receiving ≥2 follow-up biopsies with atypical EH (HR, 3.827; 95% CI, 1.924–7.612; P = 0.001). Time of progression to EC decreased in women ≥50 years old with non-atypical EH compared to other ages (P = 0.004) and showed no differences among ages in women with atypical EH (P = 0.576). Progestational agents were a protective factor for EC in women with non-atypical EH (HR, 0.703; 95% CI, 0.565–0.876; P = 0.002).

Conclusions

In this claim data analysis, women ≤39 and ≥50 years old with EH were at a high risk for progression to EC, and repeat follow-up biopsy after a diagnosis of EH increased detection of EC. Progestational agents were an effective modality to prevent EC in women with non-atypical EH.
Gut mycobiomes are altered in people with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Jayasudha Rajagopalaboopathi , Das Taraprasad , Kalyana Chakravarthy Sama , Sai Prashanthi Gumpili , Bhargava Archana , Tyagi Mudit , Rani Padmaja Kumari , Pappuru Rajeev Reddy , Shivaji Sisinthy
Published: December 2020

Studies have documented dysbiosis in the gut mycobiome in people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, it is not known whether dysbiosis in the gut mycobiome of T2DM patients would be reflected in people with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and if so, is the observed mycobiome dysbiosis similar in people with T2DM and DR. Gut mycobiomes were generated from healthy controls (HC), people with T2DM and people with DR through Illumina sequencing of ITS2 region. Data were analysed using QIIME and R software. Dysbiotic changes were observed in people with T2DM and DR compared to HC at the phyla and genera level. Mycobiomes of HC, T2DM and DR could be discriminated by heat map analysis, Beta diversity analysis and LEfSE analysis. Spearman correlation of fungal genera indicated more negative correlation in HC compared to T2DM and DR mycobiomes. This study demonstrates dysbiosis in the gut mycobiomes in people with T2DM and DR compared to HC. These differences were significant both at the phyla and genera level between people with T2DM and DR as well. Such studies on mycobiomes may provide new insights and directions to identification of specific fungi associated with T2DM and DR and help developing novel therapies for Diabetes Mellitus and DR.
Metagenomic next generation sequencing for the diagnosis of tuberculosis meningitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yu Guocan , Zhao Wuchen , Shen Yanqin , Zhu Pengfei , Zheng Hong
Published: December 2020

Background

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a severe form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and its early diagnosis is very difficult leading to present with severe disability or die. The current study aimed to assess the accuracy of metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS) for TBM, and to identify a new test for the early diagnosis of TBM.

Methods

We searched for articles published in Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Data up to June 30, 2020 for studies that assessed the efficacy of mNGS for the diagnosis of TBM. Then, the accuracy between mNGS and a composite reference standard (CRS) in these articles was compared using the meta-analysis approach.

Results

Four independent studies with 342 samples comparing mNGS and a CRS were included in this study. The sensitivity of mNGS for TBM diagnosis ranged from 27% to 84%. The combined sensitivity of mNGS was 61%, and the I2value was 92%. Moreover, the specificity of mNGS for TBM diagnosis ranged from 96% to 100%. The combined specificity of mNGS was 98%, and the I2value was 74%. The heterogeneity between studies in terms of sensitivity and specificity was significant. The area under the curve (AUC) of the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (SROC) of mNGS for TBM was 0.98.

Conclusions

The sensitivity of mNGS for TBM diagnosis was moderate. Furthermore, the specificity was extremely high, and the AUC of the SROC indicated a very good diagnostic efficacy. mNGS could be used as an early diagnostic method for TBM, however, the results should be treated with caution for the heterogeneity between studies was extremely significant.

Systematic review registration

INPLASY202070100.
Use of GoPro point-of-view camera in intubation simulation—A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Koh Wenjun , Khoo Deborah , Pan Ling Te Terry , Lean Lyn Li , Loh May-Han , Chua Tze Yuh Vanessa , Ti Lian Kah
Published: December 2020

Introduction

Teaching endotracheal intubation is uniquely challenging due to its technical, high-stakes, and highly time-sensitive nature. The GoPro is a small, lightweight, high-resolution action camera with a wide-angle field of view that can encompass both the airway as well as the procedurist’s hands and positioning technique when worn with a head mount. We aimed to evaluate its effectiveness in improving intubation teaching for novice learners in a simulated setting, via a two-arm, parallel group, randomized controlled superiority trial with 1:1 allocation ratio.

Methods

We recruited Year 4 medical students at the start of their compulsory 2-week Anesthesia posting. Participants underwent a standardized intubation curriculum and a formative assessment, then randomized to receive GoPro or non-GoPro led feedback. After a span of three months, participants were re-assessed in a summative assessment by blinded accessors. Participants were also surveyed on their learning experience for a qualitative thematic perspective. The primary outcomes were successful intubation and successful first-pass intubation.

Results

Seventy-one participants were recruited with no dropouts, and all were included in the analysis. 36 participants received GoPro led feedback, and 35 participants received non-GoPro led feedback. All participants successfully intubated the manikin. No statistically significant differences were found between the GoPro group and the non-GoPro group at summative assessment (85.3% vs 90.0%, p = 0.572). Almost all participants surveyed found the GoPro effective for their learning (98.5%). Common themes in the qualitative analysis were: the ability for an improved assessment, greater identification of small details that would otherwise be missed, and usefulness of the unique point-of-view footage in improving understanding.

Conclusions

The GoPro is a promising tool for simulation-based intubation teaching. There are considerations in its implementation to maximize the learning experience and yield from GoPro led feedback and training.
Advancing global citizenship education in Japan and China: An exploration and comparison of the national curricula
Authors: Chen Sicong
Published: December 2020

The literature widely reports that national citizenship remains the focus of citizenship education in Japan and China, despite the emerged global elements in both cases. Yet the literature stops short of exploring how to advance the agenda of global citizenship in the dominant national citizenship education under the centralized education systems in Japan and China. With a list of global citizen attributes derived from a particular conception of citizenship, this article identifies and compares the pedagogical capacity and potential for global citizenship education in relevant Japanese and Chinese national curriculum guidelines, many of which have been recently revised. It is found that many attributes are indeed supported in the Japanese and Chinese guidelines, which, furthermore, leave pedagogical potential for the development of unsupported others. The findings at the policy level bear practical and research implications for global citizenship education in Japanese and Chinese schools.
Handbook of Research on Education for Participative Citizenship and Global Prosperity, José A. Pineda-Alfonso, Nicolás de Alba-Fernández and Elisa Navarro-Medina (2019)
Authors: Castellví Jordi
Published: December 2020

Review of: Handbook of Research on Education for Participative Citizenship and Global Prosperity, José A. Pineda-Alfonso, Nicolás de Alba-Fernández and Elisa Navarro-Medina (2019)

Hershey: IGI Global, 689 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-52257-110-0, h/bk, $265.00
Prayers from on high: Religious expression in outer space during the Apollo era, 1968–76
Authors: Edwards Kari
Published: December 2020

In the wake of the Apollo 8 mission on 21–27 December 1968, infamous atheist activist Madalyn Murray O’Hair threatened a lawsuit against the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). O’Hair, who had successfully fought against mandatory Bible reading and prayer in the public schools earlier in the decade, argued that NASA’s administrators knowingly violated the separation of church and state by allowing astronauts Frank Borman, William Anders and James Lovell to read from Genesis during their Christmas Eve broadcast from the moon’s orbit. The threat instantly garnered public attention due to O’Hair’s notoriety, particularly among evangelical Christians. Although the lawsuit was quietly dismissed a year later, letter-writing campaigns defending religious expression in outer space continued unabated, even after the last Apollo astronaut set foot on the moon’s surface in 1972. This article examines defences of prayer and Bible reading in outer space during the later Apollo missions from 1968 to 1976. It argues that these efforts reveal a favourable shift in evangelical attitudes towards the space programme – attitudes that were divided sharply prior to Apollo 8 were subsequently more unified as evangelicals combined the fight for prayer in outer space with other major battles over religious freedom. O’Hair’s lawsuit linked Apollo with evangelicals’ earthly concerns, prompting them to interpret American outer space exploration as an endeavour inextricably endowed with religious purpose. The emotional letters-of-thanks they penned and the strongly worded petitions protesting O’Hair they signed in the years following the Apollo 8 mission make a compelling case for incorporating the space programme more prominently into the broader historical discussion of evangelicalism in twentieth-century America.
Scripting the radio interview: Performing Desert Island Discs
Authors: McDonald Kathryn
Published: December 2020

Desert Island Discs reveals much about the BBC’s early approach to the radio interview. The radio programme calls for its audience, the host and a ‘castaway’ to engage in a fantasy where guests are invited to preselect musical records to accompany them on a fictional desert island. This concept acts as a vehicle in which the host asks questions or makes statements about the significance of these records, in order to unearth the private motivations of a public figure. This has proved itself as a predictable, reassuring and innovative format that all parties must commit to. This article addresses the first decade of the programme, where all interviews were scripted. Studying the origins of this series allows us to cast some assertions on the ways that scripting was used to communicate and mediate a host’s persona and an interviewee’s past and personality. The use of scripting was intended to create a sense of informality, humour and theatrical drama. Contextualizing these types of scripted exchanges further informs our understanding of the radio interview within our mediated cultural heritage.
Lessons in persistence: Investigating the challenges faced by preservice teachers in teaching coding and computational thinking in an unfamiliar context
Authors:   Queensland University of Technology, Chandra Venesh , Lloyd Margaret ,   Queensland University of Technology
Published: December 2020

An ongoing problem for teacher education institutions is bridging the gap between theory and practice and offering authentic experiences to challenge preservice teachers’ pedagogical decision-making. Preservice practicums simulate teaching and can, at best, offer controlled experiences in familiar settings. This restricts the opportunities for preservice teachers to develop confidence in their own pedagogical decision-making and to adapt curriculum to meet unknown or unforeseen conditions. This paper describes, through a small-scale qualitative case study, a teaching experience in an unfamiliar setting, the persistent actions taken to respond to a specific context and the impact this had on preservice teacher knowledge and self-efficacy. The study found that preservice teacher self-efficacy can be scaffolded in real-world contexts provided sufficient planning, peer support and mentoring is available.
AES Algorithm
Authors: Henry Alan
Published: December 2020

This poster gives a brief on the AES Algorithm
PROGRAMA DE CONCESSÃO DE RODOVIAS EM SÃO PAULO E NOVOS AGENTES ECONÔMICOS DO PERÍODO CONTEMPORÂNEO. UMA LEITURA GEOGRÁFICA DO PLANEJAMENTO GOVERNAMENTAL E DOS REPASSES DE ISSQN AOS PEQUENOS MUNICÍPIOS
Authors: Gallo Fabricio
Published: December 2020

Busca-se iniciar uma reflexão acerca do papel do Estado brasileiro como agente significativo no processo de uso do território no período atual. O que se verificou foi a mudança do papel do Estado, atuando agora como regulador e não mais como provedor de alguns serviços, através de privatizações, concessões e PPPs. Como compromisso analítico é sugerido um estudo das práticas de concessão de rodovias que ganharam espaço ao longo das últimas décadas. Um aspecto relevante visa entender a relevância fiscal da implantação das praças de pedágio para os municípios do estado paulista já que segundo estabelecido pelos contratos de concessão, as empresas concessionárias são obrigadas a repassar 5% do valor bruto de suas receitas com pedágio para os munícipios. Esse repasse se dá pela forma de Imposto Sobre Serviço de Qualquer Natureza (ISSQN), tendo direito a receber aqueles municípios cuja rodovia concessionada cruza seu território. Neste texto analisamos os municípios que recebem repasses oriundos da concessão rodoviária administrada pela empresa Entrevias S.A.
Microbial Qualities of Nkwuaku and Ogbaru Streams Located in Awgu Local Government Area in Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: Appeh Osita Gabriel , Egwuatu Tochukwu Frank , Ogbunta Chiamaka Maryann
Published: December 2020

Water samples from Nkwuaku and Ogbaru streams located in Awgu local government area in Enugu State, Nigeria were evaluated for the presence of microbial contaminants. Both samples were subjected to physicochemical analysis, total bacterial count and isolation of microbial pathogens, using conventional techniques. Physicochemical characteristics of both water samples showed that Nkwuaku stream had the least total dissolved solid value of 210mg/L while the highest value of 270mg/L was recorded for Ogbaru stream. Total heterotrophic bacteria count revealed that Ogbaru stream water sample had a higher bacterial population of 5.1x107cfu/ml than Nkwuaku stream water sample which had a bacterial population of 4.2x107cfu/ml. A total number of twelve (12) microorganisms were isolated from both water samples analyzed. Eight (8) bacteria genera isolated include: Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcum aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus spp. and Campylobacter spp. Four (4) fungi were isolated and they include: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus and Fusarium oxysporum. Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus spp. had the highest percentage occurrence (16.66%) each while Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsilla spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Campylobacter spp. had the least percentage occurrence (8.33%) each. Also, Aspergillus recorded the highest percentage occurrence of 40% for fungi while the least percentage (20%) was recorded for Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporium and Aspergillus fumigatus each. This study reveals that microbial qualities of these streams render them unfit for human consumption as sources of portable water although they can be used for other household purposes.
Diseño de un modelo de producción para huertas urbanas
Authors: Hinestroza Obregón Edilberto , Forero Castro José Luis , Bonilla Isaza Rubén Darío
Published: December 2020

Los modelos de producción podrían garantizar el uso eficiente de los recursos en las huertas urbanas empleando herramientas de optimización que potencialicen los cultivos en términos de rendimiento y costo-beneficio. Sin embargo, en Colombia se ha detectado que el porcentaje de implementación de estos modelos de optimización han sido bajos, por tal motivo el objetivo de este artículo es diseñar un modelo de producción para huertas urbanas empleando un modelo de programación lineal que optimice las variables que interactúan en ella. La metodología está basada en el modelamiento, simulación y diseño de cultivos urbanos de tipo suelo, hidropónicos y aeropónicos, lo cual lleva a la selección óptima de alternativa de producción según los parámetros técnicos de los cultivos, y a la garantía de un máximo volumen de producción al menor costo posible. Finalmente, se concluye diseñando el modelo de producción mediante la selección de la alternativa de producción del suelo con sus respectivas plantas a sembrar.</´p>
Comprensión de la lectura crítica con el edublog Leanet
Authors: Neva Camacho Barbarita , Najar Sánchez Olga
Published: December 2020

La investigación surge en el área de lenguaje y lectura, ya que los estudiantes presentan baja comprensión en la lectura crítica. El proyecto contribuyó a mejorar el rendimiento académico, resultados que se reflejaron en la resolución de problemas, comprensión y elaboración de contenidos. El objetivo fue diseñar e implementar un edublog utilizando las TIC como estrategia educativa para fortalecer el hábito y comprensión de lectura crítica en los estudiantes del grado octavo, mejorando el nivel de los desempeños en comprensión crítica y producción textual. La investigación se trabajó con enfoque cualitativo de tipo descriptivo y se centró en la investigación-acción participación, partiendo de un histórico de resultados porcentuales desde el 2015 de las pruebas Saber. La aplicación del edublog fue favorable, fortaleció las habilidades de la lectura crítica, mejorando la comprensión lectora y se trabajó de forma transversal con otras asignaturas, lo cual también logró un mejor desempeño de los estudiantes frente a la lectura, entendiendo que es la base fundamental en cualquiera de las áreas del conocimiento. El desarrollo de las actividades generó en ellos motivación y entusiasmo, esto se vio reflejado en el aula de clase; además, son más participativos y generan argumentos válidos con fluidez, con mejor estructura en relación con el proceso de la lectura crítica. El aporte fue significativo, el edublog actuó como una herramienta mediadora en el proceso de la comprensión de la lectura crítica y la producción textual.
AN ANALYSIS OF MARKETING MARGIN AND ELASTICITY OF BELL PEPPER COMMODITY PRICE TRANSMISSION (A STUDY IN CANDIKUNING VILLAGE, BATURITI DISTRICT, TABANAN REGENCY)
Authors: Lukitasari Mega Hudha Ayu , Anggreni I Gusti Ayu Agung Lies , Dewi Ida Ayu Listia
Published: December 2020

The development of the agribusiness sector does not only focus on marketing but also on production. Tabanan is the leading producer of paprika in Bali. As a horticultural product, paprika has perishable nature, and its price is determined by the quality of the good. Besides, the marketing of horticultural commodities tends to involve many institutions which have an impact on prices in the market due to the distance between production sites and market locations. The purpose of this study were to analyze the marketing channels, market structure, and efficiency in marketing paprika in Candikuning, Baturiti, Tabanan Regency. The research method that been used was descriptive qualitative in marketing channels, price transmission elasticity, marketing margins, distribution of marketing margin, and farmer's share. The result showed that there are seven marketing channels in Candikuning. The market structure formed as imperfect competition market which is showed by the price transmission elasticity was 0.950 (Et <1). The marketing margin with the highest value was Rp 20,878.82/kg while the lowest was Rp 6,412.96/kg. The highest farmer share value was 87.76% while the lowest was 66.92%
DATA UPDATES IN THE EFFICIENCY MEASUREMENT OF COOPERATIVES IN INDONESIA
Authors: Siregar Abi Pratiwa , Jamhari Jamhari , Waluyati Lestari Rahayu
Published: December 2020

Updating data is an absolute thing to do to produce a decision or make a valid and reliable policy. In the field of co-operatives, data updated from time to time can be utilized to measure the extent to which cooperatives use available resources to achieve predetermined outputs. The objectives of this study are: 1) to find out the application of co-operative data updates in Indonesia, and 2) to measure the efficiency of co-operatives in Indonesia. The method used is a descriptive analysis using secondary data from the Ministry of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises of the Republic of Indonesia's (Kemenkop dan UKM) publication. The results showed that the data update of co-operatives in Indonesia has been running regularly. However, in several published publications,  the status is very temporary and have not been updated with the most recent time. Furthermore, based on efficiency aspects, co-operatives in several regions have not run their activities efficiently, either the activities that have not been optimal) or activities have exceeded the optimal capacity.
Land Provision for Decent and Affordable Housing for Low-Income Community in Salatiga City
Authors: Sunarti S , Yuliastuti Nany , Indriastjario I
Published: December 2020

The needs land for urban housing construction was increasingly difficult andmore pricey, so for low-income communities for able owned a house was not easy.Limited of land in an urban area, especially in small cities such as Salatiga, its land wasnot all can be used in housing constructions. This condition needed an interventionfrom the local government to facilitate their needs for housing could be fulfilled. Basedon the problems, the goals of this research studied a providing of land for decent andaffordable housing for low-income communities in Salatiga. The method used was amixed method with a sequential explanation strategy, that is by overlaying secondarydata on the land potential map from various sources that can be used for decenthousing with primary data, such as interview and document review with localgovernment to reduce of housing cost. The results of the study figure out that housingused a land owned by the village government can be affordable for low-incomecommunities with price less expensive below the standard set by the government.
Interferences Of English-Japanese Language In The Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sarif S Irzam , Suganda Dadang
Published: December 2020

Interference is the use of other language elements by individual bilingual languages. Several researchers have researched interference, but no one has examined the interference with Covid-19 as an object. This study aims to describe the forms of English language phonological, morphological, and syntactic interference to the Japanese language. This study used a qualitative descriptive research method, with data sources in the form of vocabulary or terms during the Covid-19 pandemic. The results of this study indicated that the phonological interference forms found are phoneme addition, phoneme insertion, and phoneme substitution, which are caused by differences in syllables. The morphological and syntax interference in the form of compound words and phrases caused by differences in the class of terms that form between the two languages.
SOLVING THE 106 YEARS OLD 3^k POINTS PROBLEM WITH THE CLOCKWISE-ALGORITHM
Authors: Ripà Marco
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we present the clockwise-algorithm that solves the extension in 𝑘-dimensions of the infamous nine-dot problem, the well known two-dimensional thinking outside the box puzzle. We describe a general strategy that constructively produces minimum length covering trails, for any 𝑘 ∈ N−{0}, solving the NP-complete (3×3×⋯×3)-points problem inside a 3×3×⋯×3 hypercube. In particular, using our algorithm, we explicitly draw different covering trails of minimal length h(𝑘) = (3^𝑘 − 1)/2, for 𝑘 = 3, 4, 5. Furthermore, we conjecture that, for every 𝑘 ≥ 1, it is possible to solve the 3^𝑘-points problem with h(𝑘) lines starting from any of the 3^𝑘 nodes, except from the central one. Finally, we cover 3×3×3 points with a tree of size 12.
Studi Kelayakan Daur Ulang Kantong Plastik dari Aspek Ekonomi dan Lingkungan
Authors: Astuti Arieyanti Dwi , Wahyudi Jatmiko , Ernawati Aeda , Aini Siti Qorrotu
Published: December 2020

Sampah plastik yang masuk ke TPA (Tempat Pemrosesan Akhir) Sukoharjo merupakan penyumbang tertinggi kedua setelah sampah organik dengan persentase 17,29%. Lebih spesifik, jenis sampah plastik yang masuk TPA didominasi jenis plastik LDPE (Low Density Poly Ethylene). Pengelolaan sampah plastik yang paling efektif adalah daur ulang yang memposisikan plastik dan sampah plastik menjadi satu siklus yang saling berkaitan. Di Kabupaten Pati, usaha daur ulang sampah plastik sudah banyak didirikan namun belum ada yang menyasar khusus pada kantong plastik LDPE. Potensi ini kemudian ditangkap oleh Pemerintah Kabupaten Pati untuk mengembangkan usaha baru yang dapat meningkatkan pendapatan daerah sekaligus mengurangi beban lingkungan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kelayakan usaha daur ulang kantong plastik ditinjau dari aspek ekonomi dan lingkungan. Analisa data menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, yang dibagi berdasarkan aspek finansial (ekonomi) dan aspek non finansial (lingkungan). Kriteria kelayakan aspek ekonomi meliputi NPV (Net Present Value), IRR (Internal Rate of Return), dan PP (Payback Periode), sedangkan aspek lingkungan difokuskan pada umur pakai TPA. Dari aspek ekonomi, penghitungan awal berupa besaran investasi, kemudian besaran penerimaan dan pengeluaran sehingga diperoleh laba setelah dikurangi pajak 12,5%. Kemudian selanjutnya dapat dihitung nilai NPV, IRR dan PP. Dari aspek lingkungan, umur pakai TPA akan dihitung sebelum dan setelah dilakukan proses daur ulang. Usaha ini direncanakan memiliki kemampuan menyerap 7,5 ton sampah plastik per hari atau sekitar 15,49% dari total sampah plastik yang masuk TPA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) dari aspek ekonomi, usaha daur ulang kantong plastik dinyatakan layak untuk dijalankan dengan indikator kelayakan NPV = Rp14.054.689.623; IRR = 10,70%; PP = 2 tahun 7 bulan 12 hari; 2) dari aspek lingkungan, usaha daur ulang kantong plastik dikatakan layak karena mampu memperpanjang umur pakai TPA Sukoharjo, lebih lama 1 tahun 38 hari jika dibandingkan dengan pengelolaan sampah TPA tanpa daur ulang.