bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immediate and sustained effects of verbal labels for newly-learned categories
Authors: Fotiadis Fotis A , Protopapas Athanassios
Published: September 2022

Labels for the categories have been found to facilitate learning by boosting accuracy. According to the label-feedback hypothesis, this facilitation is due to a mechanism selectively sensitising perceptual dimensions. To further investigate the label-facilitation phenomenon, one group of participants in our study learned both named and hard-to-name artificial categories, in a novel, within-subjects design. Another group of participants was administered a—highly similar—paired-associate task purportedly not involving sensitization of dimensions. Results showed that labels boosted accuracy during learning, but only when learning to categorise—not when learning to associate. The label-feedback hypothesis posits that labels exert an influence also after new categories have been learned. To test for sustained effects of labels, we administered a post-learning visual discrimination task while monitoring participants’ eye movements and analysing dwell time on the trained shapes. There was some indication of sustained effects of labels for newly-learned categories, but there was no effect following learning to associate. Our results suggest that labels for newly learned categories have immediate effects during learning and that the effects of labels may also be sustained during post-learning processing.
Immune thrombocytopenia and risk of stroke: Evidence from a nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Chen Hsin-Yu , Lee Wei-Kai , Chang Renin , Hung Yao-Min , Hsu Chung Y , Shih Ying-Hsiu , Chen Jin-Shuen
Published: September 2022

Background:

Research investigating differences in the overall stroke risk between individuals with and without immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is lacking.

Methods:

This real-world study used the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). Risk of stroke was compared between 13,085 individuals with ITP enrolled between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2015 and a control cohort of 52,340 individuals without ITP (1:4 ratio propensity score–matched by age, sex, index year, relevant comorbidities, and medications). Sub-distribution hazards models were used to estimate adjusted sub-distribution hazard ratio (SHR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with the non-ITP group as the control group.

Results:

Of the 65,425 participants, 13,085 had ITP, 63.3% were women, and the mean age was 52.59 years. The risk of both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke was 1.14 times (adjusted SHR 1.14, 95% CI, 1.07–1.22) and 1.93 times (adjusted SHR 1.93, 95% CI, 1.70–2.20) higher in the ITP group than in controls. Patients with ITP in the 20- to 29-year subgroup had a higher risk of new-onset stroke (adjusted SHR, 4.06 (95% CI, 2.72–6.07), p value for interaction <0.01) than those aged 20–29 years without ITP. Individuals with severe ITP with splenectomy had a 1.79 times higher overall stroke risk than those without.

Conclusions:

ITP is associated with increased risk of both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.
On the occurrence time of an extreme damage in a general shock model
Authors: Bohlooli-Zefreh Mohsen , Parvardeh Afshin , Asadi Majid
Published: September 2022

In the literature of system reliability and other fields related to the time to occurrence of an event, shock models play an important role. In this paper, we assume that a system is subject to shocks that occur according to a counting process describing the number of shocks that arrive during a specified time interval. As the magnitude of the damage imposed to the system by each shock is a crucial parameter to the system’s survival, we investigate some important random variables related to this parameter. A random variable of interest associated with this process is the first time, after a pre-specified time [Formula: see text], at which the amount of a shock damage to the system gets greater than the maximum of damages imposed to the system until time [Formula: see text]. We obtain the reliability function of this random variable and investigate various properties of it and some other related random variables. In order to explore further the results, we examine two commonly used processes in the literature, that is, the non-homogeneous Poisson process and the Pólya process.
The role of gut microbiome in immune modulation in metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Deluce Jasna , Maleki Vareki Saman , Fernandes Ricardo
Published: September 2022

Treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinomas (mRCC) has drastically improved since the advent of immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), with a significant proportion of patients achieving durable responses. While this has revolutionized treatment and improved outcomes for mRCC patients, a large subset of patients still does not respond to treatment with ICIs. Moreover, ICIs can induce various immune-related adverse events, limiting their use in many patients. Therefore, there is a need to identify the predictive biomarkers of both efficacy and toxicity associated with ICIs, which would allow for a more personalized approach and help with clinical decision-making. This review aims to explore the role of the gut microbiome in RCC to overcome primary resistance and predict response to treatment with ICIs. First, current therapeutic strategies and mechanisms of action of ICI therapies for RCC treatment will be reviewed. With the technological development of shotgun whole-genome sequencing, the gut microbiome has emerged as an exciting field of research within oncology. Thus, the role of the microbiome and its bidirectional interaction with ICIs and other drugs will be explored, with a particular focus on the microbiome profile in RCC. Lastly, the rationale for future clinical interventions to overcome resistance to ICIs using fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with RCC will be presented.
Clinical validity and clinical utility of Ki67 in early breast cancer
Authors: Kreipe Hans , Harbeck Nadia , Christgen Matthias
Published: September 2022

Ki67 represents an immunohistochemical nuclear localized marker that is widely used in surgical pathology. Nuclear immunoreactivity for Ki67 indicates that cells are cycling and are in G1- to S-phase. The percentage of Ki67-positive tumor cells (Ki67 index) therefore provides an estimate of the growth fraction in tumor specimens. In breast cancer (BC), tumor cell proliferation rate is one of the most relevant prognostic markers and Ki67 is consequently helpful in prognostication similar to histological grading and mRNA profiling-based BC risk stratification. In BCs treated with short-term preoperative endocrine therapy, Ki67 dynamics enable distinguishing between endocrine sensitive and resistant tumors. Despite its nearly universal use in pathology laboratories worldwide, no internationally accepted consensus has yet been achieved for some methodological details related to Ki67 immunohistochemistry (IHC). Controversial issues refer to choice of IHC antibody clones, scoring methods, inter-laboratory reproducibility, and the potential value of computer-assisted imaging analysis and/or artificial intelligence for Ki67 assessment. Prospective clinical trials focusing on BC treatment have proven that Ki67, as determined by standardized central pathology assessment, is of clinical validity. Clinical utility has been demonstrated in huge observational studies.
When law and science part ways: the criminalization of breastfeeding by women living with HIV
Authors: Symington Alison , Chingore-Munazvo Nyasha , Moroz Svitlana
Published: September 2022

Stigma and discrimination are a constant reality for the 37.7 million people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) around the globe. Fear over vertical transmission has fuelled HIV criminalization: laws that target people living with HIV for acts deemed to be a transmission risk. Research has now shown that many of these behaviours, including breastfeeding, pose an extremely low risk of transmission when people have proper medical care, access to treatment and open relationships with medical professionals. Yet, we are witnessing a wave of criminal cases against women living with HIV for breastfeeding, an act which is actively promoted worldwide as the best infant feeding strategy. In this review, we will place the criminalization of breastfeeding within the context of current medical recommendations and cultural views of breastfeeding. We will highlight the criminal cases against women living with HIV for breastfeeding around the globe and the criteria for justifiable criminalization. Finally, we will provide recommendations for moving towards decriminalization, removing this barrier to HIV prevention, treatment and care.
Safe intravenous sedation for oral surgery in a primary care setting
Authors: Nayani-Low Samina , Patel Jashme
Published: September 2022

Conscious sedation is a useful adjunct in oral surgery due to the invasive nature of procedures and the prevalence of dental anxiety in the general population. The most common conscious sedation technique used in the UK is intravenous sedation with a single drug, midazolam, which has an excellent record of safety. This paper gives an overview of areas to consider when planning oral surgery procedures in primary care under intravenous sedation with midazolam, to enhance success and patient safety. The fundamentals of providing safe sedation include careful patient assessment, patient preparation, a good understanding of the complexity of treatment, and an appropriately trained team. This paper also reviews the current guidance on conscious sedation in the UK, the governance of sedation in dentistry, the medications used, and training of the sedation team.
Oral surgery: Considerations for the younger patient
Authors: Bryant Cathy
Published: September 2022

The need for oral surgery will, for many younger patients, precipitate their first significant interaction with healthcare professionals; this will inevitably impact on the planning and delivery of their treatment.

This paper will describe the range of oral surgical procedures which are most commonly performed on younger patients. It will explore the indications for treatment, the techniques used to promote successful treatment outcomes, and the role of general dental practitioners in the management of younger patients undergoing oral surgery. Consideration will be given to the unique challenges encountered when undertaking surgical procedures in younger patients with a dentition which is still developing.
Novel insights into the association between seasonal variations, blood pressure, and blood pressure variability in patients with new-onset essential hypertension
Authors: Tang Long , Zhang Jingshui , Xu Yanan , Xu Tingting , Yang Yi , Wang Jun
Published: September 2022

Background

Blood pressure (BP) exhibits seasonal variations, with peaks reported in winter. However, the association between seasonal variations and blood pressure variability in patients with new-onset essential hypertension is not fully understood. This study evaluated the potential association of seasonal variations with new-onset essential hypertension.

Methods

This retrospective observational study recruited a total of 440 consecutive patients with new-onset essential hypertension who underwent 24-h ambulatory electrocardiograph (ECG) and BP measurement at our department between January 2019 and December 2019. Demographic and baseline clinical data including BP variability, heart rate variability, and blood tests were retrieved. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to identify factors independently associated with mean BP and BP variability.

Results

Among the 440 patients recruited, 93 cases were admitted in spring, 72 in summer, 151 in autumn, and 124 in winter. Univariate analysis revealed that systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, SBP drop rate, DBP drop rate, 24-h standard deviation of SBP, 24-h standard deviation of DBP, 24-h SBP coefficient of variation, and 24-h DBP coefficient of variation were associated with patients admitted in winter (P < 0.05 for all). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that winter was the influencing factor of 24-h standard deviation of SBP (B = 1.851,t = 3.719,P < 0.001), 24-h standard deviation of DBP (B = 1.176,t = 2.917,P = 0.004), 24-h SBP coefficient of variation (B = 0.015,t = 3.670,P < 0.001), and 24-h DBP coefficient of variation (B = 0.016,t = 2.849,P = 0.005) in hypertensive patients.

Conclusions

Seasonal variations are closely associated with BP variability in patients with new-onset essential hypertension. Our study provides insight into the underlying pathogenesis of new-onset essential hypertension.
Adverse obstetric outcome and its associated factors in public hospitals of North Ethiopia: does parity make a difference?
Authors: Tadese Mesfin , Tessema Saba Desta , Taye Birhan Tsegaw , Mulu Getaneh Baye
Published: September 2022

Background

Direct obstetric causes account for nearly 75% of all maternal deaths. Controversy prevails in the effect of grand multiparity on adverse obstetric outcomes. This study thus aimed to determine and compare the obstetric outcomes in low multiparous (LM) and grand multiparous (GM) women in Public Hospitals of North Ethiopia.

Method

An institution-based comparative cross-sectional study was done among 540 (180 GM and 360 LM) participants from January 1 to March 30, 2021. The data was collected through face-to-face interviews and a review of clinical records and birth registries. Epi-Data version 4.6 was used for data entry and analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0 statistical software. A p-value of ≤ 0.05 (2-tailed) was used to consider the significance of statistical tests.

Result

The prevalence of adverse obstetric outcomes was 32.6% (95% CI: 28.7–36.5). Antepartum hemorrhage, anemia, and postpartum hemorrhage were higher in grand multiparous women. Whereas, prolonged labor, induction/augmentation, prelabor rupture of membrane, episiotomy, and post-term pregnancy was higher in low multiparous women. Income (AOR (CI) = 3.15 (1.30–7.63), alcohol consumption (AOR (CI) = 3.15 (1.49–6.64), preterm delivery (AOR (CI) = 9.24 (2.28–27.3), cesarean delivery (AOR (CI) = 13.6 (6.18–30.1), and low birth weight (AOR (CI) = 3.46 (1.33–9.03) significant predictors of adverse obstetric outcomes. However, parity did not show a statistically significant difference in obstetric outcomes.

Conclusion

In the study area, obstetric complications were high compared to a systematic review and meta-analysis study done in the country (26.88%). Socio-economic status, alcohol consumption, gestational age at delivery, mode of delivery, and birth weight were significant associates of the obstetric outcome. There was no statistically significant difference in obstetric outcomes between GM and LM women. Socio-economic development, avoiding alcohol consumption, early identification and treatment of complications, and adequate nutrition and weight gain during pregnancy are needed regardless of parity.
The relationship model among parent–child relationship, coping responses and behavioral problems in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Taghizade Soulmaz , Mahmoodi Zohreh , Zandifar Atefeh , Qorbani Mostafa , Mohamadi Farima , Mehrafzoun Niloufar
Published: September 2022

Background

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) constitutes a prevalent behavioral problem. The present study examined the parent–child relationship model and investigated strategies to cope with behavioral problems in children with ADHD.

Methods

This descriptive study selected 300 children with ADHD using convenience sampling. The data collected using the child behavior checklist, the parent–child relationship scale (PCRS), the Billings and Moos Coping Checklist, the socioeconomic status questionnaire, the general health questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) and a demographic checklist were analyzed in SPSS-25 and LISREL 8.8.

Results

According to the results of the path analysis on the relationship model among parent–child relationship domains, coping responses and children's behavioral problems, parent–child dependency domain (B = 0.22) in the direct path, disease duration (B = 0.085) in the indirect path, and conflicts in the domain of parent–child relationship (B = 0.366) in both direct and indirect paths had the most positive causal effect on behavioral problems. Furthermore, intimacy in the said domain (B = -0.42) had the most negative causal effect in both direct and indirect paths. The extent to which parents used coping responses via the direct path had a positive causal effect on behavioral problems (B = 0.12).

Based on the path analysis test findings in the relationship model among positive parent–child relationship, coping responses and children's behavioral problems, the positive parent–child relationship score had the most negative causal effect via the direct path (B = -0.56). Conversely, the child's age had the highest positive causal effect via the indirect path (B = 0.1) on behavioral problems in children.

Conclusion

Based on findings, there is a causal and significant relationship between the parent–child relationship and the extent to which coping responses are used. It is recommended that training programs be developed to strengthen communication skills, coping responses and problem-solving techniques in parents.
Statistical modeling of health space based on metabolic stress and oxidative stress scores
Authors: Park Cheolgyun , Kim Youjin , Lee Chanhee , Kim Ji Yeon , Kwon Oran , Park Taesung
Published: September 2022

Background

Health space (HS) is a statistical way of visualizing individual’s health status in multi-dimensional space. In this study, we propose a novel HS in two-dimensional space based on scores of metabolic stress and of oxidative stress.

Methods

These scores were derived from three statistical models: logistic regression model, logistic mixed effect model, and proportional odds model. HSs were developed using Korea National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey data with 32,140 samples. To evaluate and compare the performance of the HSs, we also developed the Health Space Index (HSI) which is a quantitative performance measure based on the approximate 95% confidence ellipses of HS.

Results

Through simulation studies, we confirmed that HS from the proportional odds model showed highest power in discriminating health status of individual (subject). Further validation studies were conducted using two independent cohort datasets: a health examination dataset from Ewha-Boramae cohort with 862 samples and a population-based cohort from the Korea association resource project with 3,199 samples.

Conclusions

These validation studies using two independent datasets successfully demonstrated the usefulness of the proposed HS.
Complete remission of alpha-fetoprotein-producing gastric cancer by combined tislelizumab-apatinib treatment of a patient with proficient mismatch repair: a case report
Authors: Xiang Jinyu , Gong Wenjing , Wang CongCong , Sun Ping , Liu Aina
Published: September 2022

Background

Alpha‑fetoprotein-producing gastric cancer (AFPGC) is a rare type of gastric cancer with a high rate of metastasis and poor prognosis. Despite substantial progress in the treatment of many solid tumors, there are no reports of the safety and effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors in combination with antiangiogenesis agents for AFPGC patients who have proficient mismatch repair.

Case presentation

We describe a 69-year-old man who was diagnosed with metastatic AFPGC. After progression to chemotherapy resistance, tislelizumab combined with apatinib was administered, although the patient’s gastroscopic pathology showed proficient mismatch repair. After three cycles of therapy, partial remission (reduced by 56%) was obtained, and the quality of life improved significantly. Surprisingly, after more than 1 year of continuous application of the combination treatment regimen, both the primary and metastatic tumors in this patient eventually disappeared, which obtained complete remission without surgery. The patient has had a progression-free survival of more than 24 months and is still continuing to benefit.

Conclusions

This case is the first example of effective treatment of AFPGC with tislelizumab combined with apatinib. The outcomes of this case suggest a highly effective and tolerable therapeutic strategy for microsatellite-stabilized AFPGC.
Synovial fluid and radiographic evaluation of joints from dogs with visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: Silva Alexandre R. S. , Gomes Ana A. D. , Aquino Monally C. C. , Almeida Breno F. M. , Lima Valéria M. F. , Ciarlini Paulo C. , Pinoti Luciana D. R. , Marcondes Mary , Vieira Rafael F. C.
Published: September 2022

Background

Polyarthritis has been associated with canine visceral leishmaniasis (CanVL), and co-infection with Ehrlichia canis is common and may alter clinical manifestations.

Methods

A total of 89 dogs presenting CanVL were subdivided into two groups: (1) G1, consisting of 46 dogs seronegative to Ehrlichia spp., and (ii) G2, consisting of 43 dogs seropositive to Ehrlichia spp. Eight joints (carpal, tarsal, stifles and elbows) from each dog were evaluated by radiography and synovial fluid (SF) cytologic analysis.

Results

Overall, 74 of the 89 (83.1%) dogs presented joint abnormalities suggestive of osteoarthritis by radiography (G1: 40/46 [86.9%]; G2: 34/43 [79.0%]), with no statistically significant between-group difference. All dogs with abnormal joint X-ray images presented radiographic lesions bilaterally, independent of the characteristics of the lesion. Soft tissue swelling around the joint and joint space narrowing were more commonly observed in G1 than in G2 dogs. There was no significant between-group difference in terms of other radiographic abnormalities suggestive of osteoarthritis (evident trabecular pattern, subchondral bone sclerosis, osteolysis, osteolytic–proliferative lesions or bone proliferation). SF from 174/315 (55.2%) and 152/307 (49.5%) joints from G1 and G2 dogs, respectively, presented an inflammatory infiltrate, but there was no significant association between the presence of inflammatory infiltrate and group. There was also no statistical difference between groups in either of the evaluated joints in terms of the percentage of neutrophils or mononuclear cells. Leishmania spp. amastigotes were found in 69/315 (21.9%) joints from G1 dogs and in 100/307 (32.5%) joints from G2 dogs (Fisherʼs exact test, P = 0.002, odds ratio = 0.5, 95% confidence interval = 0.4–0.8). The neutrophilic infiltrate was significantly higher in joints with amastigote forms in both G1 (Mann–Whitney U-test, U(18) = 817, Z = -3.76, P = 0.0001) and G2 dogs (Mann–Whitney U-test, U(18) = 6543, Z = − 5.06, P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

A high prevalence of arthritis in dogs with CanVL was found, and all dogs presented involvement in multiple joints. Although no difference was observed between groups in terms of the number of dogs with polyarthritis and the presence of an inflammatory infiltrate in SF, Leishmania spp. amastigotes were found more frequently in joints from G2 dogs. Further studies evaluating SF in dogs co-infected with L. infantum and E. canis should be performed to evaluate this finding.

Graphical Abstract
Global error bounds of the extended vertical linear complementarity problems for Dashnic–Zusmanovich matrices and Dashnic–Zusmanovich-B matrices
Authors: Zhao Yingxia , Sun Deshu
Published: September 2022

Global error bounds of the extended vertical linear complementarity problems for Dashnic–Zusmanovich (DZ) matrices and Dashnic–Zusmanovich-B (DZ-B) matrices are presented, respectively. The obtained error bounds are sharper than those of Zhang et al. (Comput. Optim. Appl. 42(3):335–352, 2009) in some cases. Some numerical examples are given to illustrate the obtained results.
Optimal industrial flexibility scheduling based on generic data format
Authors: Bahmani Ramin , Stiphoudt Christine van , Menci Sergio Potenciano , SchÖpf Michael , Fridgen Gilbert
Published: September 2022

The energy transition into a modern power system requires energy flexibility. Demand Response (DR) is one promising option for providing this flexibility. With the highest share of final energy consumption, the industry has the potential to offer DR and contribute to the energy transition by adjusting its energy demand. This paper proposes a mathematical optimization model that uses a generic data model for flexibility description. The optimization model supports industrial companies to select when (i.e., at which time), where (i.e., in which market), and how (i.e., the schedule) they should market their flexibility potential to optimize profit. We evaluate the optimization model under several synthetic use cases developed upon the learnings over several workshops and bilateral discussions with industrial partners from the paper and aluminum industry. The results of the optimization model evaluation suggest the model can fulfill its purpose under different use cases even with complex use cases such as various loads and storages. However, the optimization model computation time grows as the complexity of use cases grows.
How unique is weekly smart meter data?
Authors: Radovanovic Dejan , Unterweger Andreas , Eibl Günther , Engel Dominik , Reichl Johannes
Published: September 2022

In many countries, energy consumption data is collected through smart meters in 15-min intervals. Prior work has shown that 1 year’s worth of this data is sufficient to extract sensitive information about households. In this short paper, we break down energy consumption data from a novel dataset into 1-week snippets. Using off-the-shelf algorithms, we assess whether it is possible to clearly identify (i.e., fingerprint) an individual household only by its energy consumption from a 1-week period. More generally, we ask whether an attacker can distinguish one household from a group of others by its energy consumption from only one week’s worth of data. We find that a small number of households exist for which the weekly consumption is so unique that it can be distinguished almost always amidst weekly data from dozens of other households. Furthermore, a large number of households can be distinguished with surprisingly high accuracy and an order of magnitude better than guessing. We discuss the potential impact of these findings on the privacy of smart meter datasets with respect to de-anonymization and re-identifiability.
On specification-based cyber-attack detection in smart grids
Authors: Sen Ömer , van der Velde Dennis , Lühman Maik , Sprünken Florian , Hacker Immanuel , Ulbig Andreas , Andres Michael , Henze Martin
Published: September 2022

The transformation of power grids into intelligent cyber-physical systems brings numerous benefits, but also significantly increases the surface for cyber-attacks, demanding appropriate countermeasures. However, the development, validation, and testing of data-driven countermeasures against cyber-attacks, such as machine learning-based detection approaches, lack important data from real-world cyber incidents. Unlike attack data from real-world cyber incidents, infrastructure knowledge and standards are accessible through expert and domain knowledge. Our proposed approach uses domain knowledge to define the behavior of a smart grid under non-attack conditions and detect attack patterns and anomalies. Using a graph-based specification formalism, we combine cross-domain knowledge that enables the generation of whitelisting rules not only for statically defined protocol fields but also for communication flows and technical operation boundaries. Finally, we evaluate our specification-based intrusion detection system against various attack scenarios and assess detection quality and performance. In particular, we investigate a data manipulation attack in a future-orientated use case of an IEC 60870-based SCADA system that controls distributed energy resources in the distribution grid. Our approach can detect severe data manipulation attacks with high accuracy in a timely and reliable manner.
Optical neuroimaging: advancing transcranial magnetic stimulation treatments of psychiatric disorders
Authors: Jiang Shixie , Carpenter Linda L. , Jiang Huabei
Published: September 2022

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been established as an important and effective treatment for various psychiatric disorders. However, its effectiveness has likely been limited due to the dearth of neuronavigational tools for targeting purposes, unclear ideal stimulation parameters, and a lack of knowledge regarding the physiological response of the brain to TMS in each psychiatric condition. Modern optical imaging modalities, such as functional near-infrared spectroscopy and diffuse optical tomography, are promising tools for the study of TMS optimization and functional targeting in psychiatric disorders. They possess a unique combination of high spatial and temporal resolutions, portability, real-time capability, and relatively low costs. In this mini-review, we discuss the advent of optical imaging techniques and their innovative use in several psychiatric conditions including depression, panic disorder, phobias, and eating disorders. With further investment and research in the development of these optical imaging approaches, their potential will be paramount for the advancement of TMS treatment protocols in psychiatry.
Simulated virtual on-call training programme for improving non-specialised junior doctors' confidence in out-of-hours psychiatry: quantitative assessment
Authors: Blamey Helen , Harrison Charlotte H. , Roddick Alistair , Malhotra Tina , Saunders Kate E. A.
Published: September 2022

Aims and method

To investigate whether a psychiatry-specific virtual on-call training programme improved confidence of junior trainees in key areas of psychiatry practice. The programme comprised one 90 min lecture and a 2 h simulated on-call shift where participants were bleeped to complete a series of common on-call tasks, delivered via Microsoft Teams.

Results

Thirty-eight trainees attended the lecture, with a significant improvement in confidence in performing seclusion reviews (P = 0.001), prescribing psychiatric medications for acute presentations (P < 0.001), working in section 136 suites (places of safety) (P = 0.001) and feeling prepared for psychiatric on-call shifts (P = 0.002). Respondents reported that a virtual on-call practical session would be useful for their training (median score of 7, interquartile range 5–7.75). Eighteen participants completed the virtual on-call session, with significant improvement in 9 out of the 10 tested domains (P < 0.001).

Clinical implications

The programme can be conducted virtually, with low resource requirements. We believe it can improve trainee well-being, patient safety, the delivery of training and induction of rotating junior doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic and it supports the development and delivery of practical training in psychiatry.
Αραράτ (2002) του Ατόμ Εγκογιάν: ό,τι στερείται νοήματος δεν συνέβη ποτέ
Authors: Βασιλείου Θανάσης
Published: September 2022

Το πρόβλημα της εφαρμογής μιας «κλασικής» κινηματογραφικής σκηνοθεσίας για την αναπαράσταση τραυματικών ιστορικών γεγονότων είναι διαχρονικά άλυτο και ακανθώδες. Το Ararat (2002) του Atom Egoyan είναι μία προσπάθεια ανάδειξης αυτής της περίπλοκης αναμέτρησης, ανάμεσα στη φιλμική γραφή και την ιστορική αναγκαιότητα. Η προσέγγιση του Καναδού σκηνοθέτη μέσα από μία αισθητική διασκορπισμού και μία διαστρωματική αφήγηση καταφέρνει να αναδείξει την πολυπλοκότητα της αναπαραστατικής διαδικασίας και την ανεπάρκεια του λόγου και της εικόνας. Τα πολύπλοκα ιστορικά δίκτυα που δημιουργεί η ταινία καταλήγουν σε ιστοριογραφικά αδιέξοδα, τα οποία καθιστούν το πένθος των χαρακτήρων αδύνατο και την Καταστροφή ακόμη και τώρα παρούσα.
Αναπαραστάσεις του Πολυτεχνείου στον κινηματογραφικό φακό: ταινίες τεκμηρίωσης στην εκπνοή της Χούντας και στα πρώτα έτη της Μεταπολίτευσης
Authors: Ζησιμοπούλου Σοφία
Published: September 2022

Στο παρόν κείμενο, επιχειρείται η εξέταση των αναπαραστάσεων του Πολυτεχνείου από τον κινηματογραφικό φακό, όπως αυτή πραγματοποιήθηκε σε ταινίες τεκμηρίωσης κατά την εκπνοή της Χούντας και στα πρώτα έτη της Μεταπολίτευσης. Λαμβάνοντας υπόψη την πληθώρα σχετικών τεκμηριωτικών αφηγημάτων στον Τύπο, τη λογοτεχνία και την τηλεόραση, αυτό το άρθρο διερευνά τη συμβολή των φιλμικών αφηγήσεων στην εδραίωση του Πολυτεχνείου, ως κυρίαρχο μνημονικό τόπο στη συλλογική μνήμη και στη δημόσια ιστορία. Στο πλαίσιο αυτό, αξιοποιούνται ταινίες, όπου το Πολυτεχνείο αποτελεί κύρια (Η Δοκιμή & Εδώ Πολυτεχνείο) ή δευτερεύουσα θεματική (Μέγαρα, Αγώνας, Μαρτυρίες, Νέος Παρθενώνας, Παράσταση για έναν ρόλο, Η ηλικία της θάλασσας, Τα τραγούδια της φωτιάς, Η δίκη της Χούντας). Στις ταινίες αυτές εξετάζονται τόσο θεματικά και αφηγηματικά γνωρίσματα, όσο και τα περικειμενικά στοιχεία, που δίνουν πληροφορίες για την πολιτική αυτοσυνειδησία των εκάστοτε κινηματογραφιστών. Παράλληλα, και μέσω των ίδιων παρακειμενικών πληροφοριών, επιχειρείται η ανασύνθεση του πλαισίου παραγωγής και κυκλοφορίας της κάθε ταινίας σε ευρύτερα ακροατήρια. Όπως θα προσπαθήσω να αποδείξω, οι ταινίες αυτές συνιστούν προνομιακούς φορείς ιστορικής γνώσης, στον βαθμό που επιχειρούν μια σύνθετη ανάγνωση των ιστορικών γεγονότων, εστιάζοντας στα κίνητρα και τη στοχοθεσία του φοιτητικού κινήματος, αλλά και στη σχέση του με ευρύτερες κοινωνικο-πολιτικές ομάδες (εργατικό κίνημα, χουντικές αρχές κ.τ.λ.). Ταυτόχρονα, πολλές από τις ταινίες διερευνούν τα γεγονότα τόσο σε επίπεδο συγχρονίας όσο και σε επίπεδο διαχρονίας, με το Πολυτεχνείο να τοποθετείται πλάι σε μείζονα ιστορικά γεγονότα της προδικτατορικής, δικτατορικής και μεταδικτατορικής περιόδου, σε μια ευρύτερη γενεαλογία συλλογικών αγώνων και διεκδικήσεων.
Σινεμά και ιστορία: η μνήμη μιας χώρας και οι χώρες της μνήμης
Authors: Δερμεντζόπουλος Χρήστος , Καλούδη Κωστούλα
Published: September 2022

O κινηματογράφος μπορεί να αναπαραστήσει το παρελθόν, να επιχειρήσει ένα ταξίδι στον χρόνο, να ζωντανέψει μεγάλα και μικρά γεγονότα, να ανακατασκευάσει, μέσω της εικόνας, την παράλληλη πορεία της συλλογικής και της προσωπικής μνήμης, να επανακαθορίσει τις σημασίες του παρελθόντος, να διανοίξει νέες οπτικές σε κυρίαρχες αναγνώσεις. Αναμνήσεις, μαρτυρίες, αναπαραστάσεις, εξεικονίσεις, ιστορικά γεγονότα συναντιούνται στην οθόνη, κρατώντας ζωντανό τον διάλογο ανάμεσα σε δύο προσεγγίσεις του κόσμου: τον Κινηματογράφο και την Ιστορία. «Ο κινηματογράφος ήταν ακόμα στα πρώτα του βήματα όταν ανακάλυψε την Ιστορία και έπειτα καθιέρωσε μια μακροχρόνια σχέση με την αναπαράσταση του παρελθόντος», σημειώνει ο P. Sorlin.
Food hypersensitivity - classification, pathogenesis, diagnosis. What are food allergies?
Authors: Dąbrowski Jan , Gąbka Ilona , Dalmata Weronika , Dębek Karolina , Lipiec Marta
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Food hypersensitivity is a pathological, increased and inadequate reaction of the body to a particular substance, the consumption of which can cause various types of body symptoms.
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to distinguish different types of hypersensitivity mechanisms, resulting in the introduction of appropriate diagnosis and treatment.
Results and conclusions: Food hypersensitivity is becoming an epidemic of the 21st century. This is due to many individual factors as well as environmental pollution. It is important to identify the type of mechanism involved in a given food hypersensitivity and to eliminate the causative factors, or incorporate appropriate treatment. Understanding this forms the basis of therapy.
Methods:  Data for the article were retrieved using PubMed setting the time descriptors to 2014-2020.
Intracranial Rosai-Dorfman Disease: pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Szymoniuk Michał , Dryla Aleksandra , Pytka Michalina , Kamieniak Piotr
Published: September 2022

Introduction and purpose:

​Rosai-Dorfman Disease (RDD), known also as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy(SHML) is a benign histiocytic proliferative syndrome. The etiology and pathogenesis of RDD remains unclear. Central nervous system involvement is a rare event and concerns approximately 7.8% of RDD cases, whereas intracranial lesions constitute almost 90% of CNS-RDD cases. The aim of this literature review was to summarize current knowledge about the diagnosis and treatment of intracranial manifestation of RDD. We also described possible hypotheses regarding the pathophysiology of this disorder.

State of knowledge:

​Even though Rosai-Dorfman disease was thought to be a reactive process, recent evidencedemonstrate the presence of clonality, which means that in this histiocytosis the process that underlies the pathology is neoplastic. Intracranial lesions caused by RDD can be easily misdiagnosed with many diseases such as meningiomas, malignant gliomas or metastatic tumors. The final diagnosis of Rosai-Dorfman disease should be made based on histologic and immunohistochemical examinations. Current therapeutic options for this condition include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, corticosteroids and immunotherapy. Surgical treatment often constitutes the first-line treatment for intracranial RDD and is the most beneficial treatment option. However, the implementation of adjuvant therapies is very important to avoid the recurrence of lesions, which appear in approximately 14% of subjects after about 10 years from surgery.

Conclusion:

​This literature review presents current data about pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of intracranial involvement of Rosai-Dorfman disease. Further studies on this topic should focus on exploring etiologic mechanisms underlying on this pathology and comparing available treatment methods.
Inositol supplementation - known and possible applications
Authors: Swora Aleksandra , Borowik Joanna , Brodowski Wojciech , Sygacz Oliwer , Pawłowski Piotr , Żelazny Przemysław , Filipczak Joanna , Dankiewicz Sara , Bróż Sebastian , Basta-Arciszewska Katarzyna
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Myo-inositol (MYO) and D-chiro-inositol are chemical compounds known to exert an impact on multiple signaling pathways of a human body. Due to its effects on insulin metabolism and ovaries’ hormone activity their use in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) therapies has been highly recommended in the recent literature. In this article we aim to review the known and possible applications of inositol and its derivatives for treatment of various gynecological and endocrine disorders and to indicate possible directions of further investigations.
Methods and materials: This article is based on the literature found in PubMed Database from the period of 2016-2022 with use of keywords such as “inositol”; “myoinositol”; “d-chiro-inositol”; “PCOS”; “insulin”.
Results: The applications of myoinositol in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are very well known in recent publications. It is reported that MYO supplementation improves the quality of oocytes, regulates the menstrual cycle and ovulation rates. Prevention of gestational diabetes (GDM) amongst the patients with risk factors is likely another use of inositols. Inositol takes part in phospholipase C pathway, thus its depletion may be the cause for hypothyroidism. Inositol inhibits the expression of aromatase, the enzyme which is responsible for the growth of endometrial tissue - it may constitute a targeting point in the treatment of endometriosis. So far, no adverse effects of inositol isomers have been reported.
Conclusion: The use of inositol, its isomers and derivatives represents an interesting direction in the development of the treatment of many conditions associated with endocrine disorders. There is a need for further investigations and studies on larger groups of patients to exploit its potential.
influence of nutrition on the development of the child's intestinal microflora
Authors: Gorczyca Kamila , Obuchowska Aleksandra , Standyło Arkadiusz , Kołodziej Magdalena , Obuchowska Karolina
Published: September 2022

Mikrobiota jelitowa, zwana również mikroflorą jelitową lub inaczej florą jelitową, to grupa mikroorganizmów (mikrobiomu), głównie bakterii, które tworzą złożony ekosystem w układzie pokarmowym. U człowieka jest jednym z elementów jego bioty fizjologicznej [1].

Poród jest ważnym etapem kolonizacji układu pokarmowego człowieka przez mikrobiotę. Forma karmienia odgrywa również ważną rolę w kolonizacji jelit noworodka i niemowlęcia [2]. Mleko matki ma wiele zalet. Karmienie piersią odgrywa ważną rolę w kształtowaniu mikroflory jelitowej dziecka. Mleko matki zawiera prozdrowotne bakterie, które wspomagają pierwotną kolonizację jelit noworodka. Dieta ma istotny wpływ na kształtowanie się mikroflory jelitowej. Dlatego ważne jest, aby kobieta nie tylko podczas całej ciąży, ale także przed ciążą dbała o zróżnicowaną, zbilansowaną i bogatą w prebiotyki dietę [3].
Política y sociedad en Hannah Arendt.
Authors: Vahí Serrano Ángel
Published: September 2022

La controversia acerca de la relación entre sociedad y política en el pensamiento de Hannah Arendt centra la siguiente reflexión. Se argumenta la posibilidad y oportunidad de defender la concepción política de Arendt para afrontar los principales retos actuales, no sólo políticos, sino también sociales. A través de la capacidad kantiana del juicio y su enfoque arendtiano, se defiende una relación recíproca entre política y educación que permitiría enriquecer mutuamente ambos campos de la acción pública y darles un papel protagonista en una forma humanista de plantearnos la vida.
El problema judío en Hannah Arendt. Influencias en la comprensión de la Política de Género de Judith Butler.
Authors: Romero Pérez Rosalía
Published: September 2022

Hannah Arendt analiza el problema judío en la Edad Contemporánea a partir de los distintos nacionalismos y del desarrollo del racismo como ideología. Ello influye en sus análisis políticos de distintas formas y una de ellas es en la tajante disyuntiva entre naturaleza y cultura. Este aspecto de su filosofía se encuentra como premisa indiscutible en los análisis de género de Judith Butler, que adopta el modelo explicativo del racismo porque niega la existencia del sexo biológico
Team Performance: Nature and Antecedents of Nonnormal Distributions
Authors: Bradley Kyle J. , Aguinis Herman
Published: September 2022

Team research typically assumes that team performance is normally distributed: teams cluster around average performance, performance variability is not substantial, and few teams inhabit the upper range of the distribution. Ironically, although most team research and methodological practices rely on the normality assumption, many theories actually imply nonnormality (e.g., performance spirals, team composition, team learning, punctuated equilibrium). Accordingly, we investigated the nature and antecedents of team performance distributions by relying on 274 performance distributions including 200,825 teams (e.g., sports, politics, firefighters, information technology, customer service) and more than 500,000 workers. First, regarding their overall nature, only 11% of the distributions were normal, star teams are much more prevalent than predicted by normality, the power law with an exponential cutoff is the most dominant distribution among nonnormal distributions (i.e., 73%), and incremental differentiation (i.e., differential performance trajectories across teams) is the best explanation for the emergence of these distributions. Second, this conclusion remained unchanged after examining theory-based boundary conditions (i.e., tournament versus nontournament contexts, performance as aggregation of individual-level performance versus performance as a team-level construct, performance assessed with versus without a hard left-tail zero, and more versus less sample homogeneity). Third, we used the team learning curve literature as a conceptual framework to test hypotheses and found that authority differentiation and lower temporal stability are associated with distributions with larger performance variability (i.e., a greater proportion of star teams). We discuss implications for existing theory, future research directions, and methodological practices (e.g., need to check for nonnormality, Bayesian analysis, outlier management).

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1619 .
Analisis Strategi dan Pengembangan Usaha Tria Cake & Catering Di Kota Rembang pada Saat Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Arifah Zenny Zanuba , Al Alif Farid Jabbar
Published: September 2022

Keberadaan UMKM (Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah) memberikan kontribusi terhadap terciptanya investasi nasional karena berpotensi untuk perekonomian negara melalui penurunan tingkat pengangguran dan kemiskinan. UMKM tidak akan berjalan dengan baik apabila tidak diterapkan strategi manajemen, seperti produksi, manajemen keuangan dan pemasaran, apalagi seperti saat ini yang tengah terjadi pandemi Covid-19 banyak UMKM yang terdampak dan mengalami kerugian. Penelitian ini merupakan menggunakan pendekatan observasi melalui wawancara secara online kepada pemilik UMKM. Dengan adanya penerapan strategi manajemen yang baik dan tepat UMKM Tria Cake & Catering mampu bertahan dan berkembang dengan baik sampai saat ini. Dapat disebutkan bahwa UMKM tersebut tidak terdampak pandemi. UMKM tersebut melakukan penerapan strategi pemasaran dengan membaca peluang bisnis yang tersedia seperti penjualan bahan-bahan penunjang kesehatan seperti jahe, madu dan buah buahan, atau penambahan usaha penunjang pada usaha sebelumnya seperti party planner. Selain itu diadakannya diskon 10% saat penjualan awal bulan dapat menambah daya tarik tersendiri Terhadap UMKM Tria Cake & Catering. Metode pemasaran UMKM tersebut memanfaatkan sosial media seperti Facebook, WhatsApp, dan Instagram untuk mempromosikan usahanya pada jam khusus promosi, sekitar 17.00-20.00 WIB karena pada jam-jam tersebut banyak konsumen yang sedang beristirahat dan sedang menggunakan gadget.
Efek Jenis Jahe dan Pre Treatment Blansing Terhadap Karakteristik Fisikokimia Minuman Jahe Instan
Authors: Fidela Zahra , Muflihati Iffah , Purwati Nurlaili Enny , Rakhman Affandi Arief
Published: September 2022

Jahe merupakan salah satu tanaman rimpang yang sering dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat. Salah satu pemanfaatan jahe adalah diolah menjadi minuman instan. Namun, selama ini pengolahan minuman jahe instan menggunakan rimpang jahe langsung tanpa diberikan perlakuan pendahuluan terlebih dahulu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh berbagai jenis jahe dan penambahan perlakuan pendahuluan blansing dengan asam sitrat 0,05% terhadap sifat fisikokimia dan sensoris minuman jahe instan. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan percobaan faktorial dengan dasar Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), dengan dua faktor yaitu jenis jahe (jahe merah, jahe gajah, jahe emprit) dan ada tidaknya perlakuan pendahuluan blansing dengan asam sitrat 0,05%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai L*, a*, b* jahe instan perlakuan pendahuluan blansing dan jahe instan tanpa perlakuan pendahuluan menunjukkan nilai yang berbeda nyata. Nilai total fenol akan meningkat setelah jahe ditambahkan perlakuan pendahuluan blansing, dengan nilai total fenol tertinggi pada jahe merah perlakuan pendahuluan blansing sebesar 18,18%. Jenis jahe dan penambahan perlakuan pendahuluan blansing tidak memberikan pengaruh pada kelarutan dan waktu rehidrasi minuman jahe instan.