bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of body size, activity, and phylogeny on primate sleeping ecology
Authors: Pozzi Luca , Voskamp Malte , Kappeler Peter M.
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Sleeping ecology plays a key integrative role in the primates' lives. Selecting an adequate sleeping site is therefore critical, but both extrinsic (e.g., predation, thermoregulation) and intrinsic factors (e.g., body size, circadian activity) need to be considered simultaneously. There is, however, a notable lack of comprehensive comparative analyses of sleeping ecology within primates. We explored the links among body size, circadian activity, and sleeping site choice in phylogenetically controlled comparative analyses across all major primate lineages.

Materials and Methods

We compiled published information on body size, circadian activity, and sleeping site choice of extant primates. We performed ancestral state reconstructions for the different sleeping sites and used comparative phylogenetic analyses to quantify associations between sleeping site preference, body size and circadian pattern.

Results

Comparative analyses across 390 species revealed that primate sleeping site usage was best predicted by circadian activity patterns. Nocturnal species were more likely to use tree holes and nests, whereas diurnal primates were more likely to sleep on trees. Ancestral reconstructions indicated a relative ambiguity among states for several nodes, especially within strepsirrhines, whereas “on trees” was the most likely sleeping site type within haplorrhines.

Discussion

The main intrinsic predictor of sleeping site choice in primates has links to two extrinsic factors: predation risk and thermoregulation. Thermoregulatory and anti‐predator benefits accrue for nocturnal species that rest in nests or tree holes. Body size only poses a constraint for shelter use in larger species. Comparative studies of resting ecology are integral for reconstructing primate evolution and for revealing complex adaptations in arboreal mammals.
Edge‐hosted Atomic Co−N4Sites on Hierarchical Porous Carbon for Highly Selective Two‐electron Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Tian Yuhui , Li Meng , Wu Zhenzhen , Sun Qiang , Yuan Ding , Johannessen Bernt , Xu Li , Wang Yun , Dou Yuhai , Zhao Huijun , Zhang Shanqing
Published: October 2022

Not only high efficiency but also high selectivity of the electrocatalysts is crucial for high‐performance, low‐cost, and sustainable energy storage applications. Herein, we systematically investigate the edge effect of carbon‐supported single‐atom catalysts (SACs) on oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) pathways (two‐electron (2 e−) or four‐electron (4 e−)) and conclude that the 2 e−‐ORR proceeding over the edge‐hosted atomic Co−N4sites is more favorable than the basal‐plane‐hosted ones. As such, we have successfully synthesized and tuned Co‐SACs with different edge‐to‐bulk ratios. The as‐prepared edge‐rich Co−N/HPC catalyst exhibits excellent 2 e−‐ORR performance with a remarkable selectivity of ≈95 % in a wide potential range. Furthermore, we also find that oxygen functional groups could saturate the graphitic carbon edges under the ORR operation and further promote electrocatalytic performance. These findings on the structure–property relationship in SACs offer a promising direction for large‐scale and low‐cost electrochemical H2O2production via the 2 e−‐ORR.
Photocatalytic Dissolution of Precious Metals by TiO2 through Photogenerated Free Radicals
Authors: Chen Yao , Guan Shuhui , Ge Hao , Chen Xiang , Xu Zhenming , Yue Yinghong , Yamashita Hiromi , Yu Han , Li Hexing , Bian Zhenfeng
Published: October 2022

Exploring the pathways for photocatalytic dissolution of precious metals (PMs) is crucial for optimizing recovery. In this work, we systematically investigated the selectivity and solvation effects observed for dissolution by focusing on photocatalysis, precious metals and solvents. By combining transient characterization, reaction kinetics, and density functional theory, we determined that the radicals generated in photocatalysis were the key active species in the entire reaction. The cyano functional group in the solvent was the driving factor for dissolution of gold, and the importance of chlorine radicals for dissolution of platinum group precious metals was further confirmed. In addition, the catalytic properties of different precious metals can promote different transformations of functional groups, leading to selective dissolution. The structures of photocatalytic precious metal leaches also precisely explains the special coordination forms of precious metals and functional group ligands.
CAPturAM, a Chemo‐Enzymatic Strategy for Selective Enrichment and Detection of Physiological CAPAM‐Targets
Authors: Muthmann Nils , Albers Marvin , Rentmeister Andrea
Published: October 2022

Modified nucleotides impact all aspects of eukaryotic mRNAs and contribute to regulation of gene expression at the transcriptional and translational level. At the 5′ cap, adenosine as first transcribed nucleotide is often N6‐methyl‐2′‐O‐methyl adenosine (m6Am). This modification is tissue dependent and reversible, pointing to a regulatory function. CAPAM was recently identified as methyltransferase responsible for m6Am formation, however, the direct assignment of its target transcripts proves difficult. Antibodies do not discriminate between internal N6‐methyl adenosine (m6A) and m6Am. Here we present CAPturAM, an antibody‐free chemical biology approach for direct enrichment and probing of physiological CAPAM‐targets. We harness CAPAM's cosubstrate promiscuity to install propargyl groups on its targets. Subsequent functionalization with an affinity handle allows for their enrichment. Using wildtype and CAPAM−/− cells, we successfully applied CAPturAM to confirm or disprove CAPAM‐targets, facilitating the verification and identification of CAPAM targets.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of C(13)/C(13′)‐Bis(desmethyl)disorazole Z**
Authors: Bold Christian Paul , Lucena‐Agell Daniel , Oliva María Ángela , Díaz José Fernando , Altmann Karl‐Heinz
Published: October 2022

We describe the total synthesis of the macrodiolide C(13)/C(13′)‐bis(desmethyl)disorazole Z through double inter‐/intramolecular Stille cross‐coupling of a monomeric vinyl stannane/vinyl iodide precursor to form the macrocycle. The key step in the synthesis of this precursor was a stereoselective aldol reaction of a formal Evans acetate aldol product with crotonaldehyde. As demonstrated by X‐ray crystallography, the binding mode of C(13)/C(13′)‐bis(desmethyl)disorazole Z to tubulin is virtually identical with that of the natural product disorazole Z. Likewise, C(13)/C(13′)‐bis(desmethyl)disorazole Z inhibits tubulin assembly with at least the same potency as disorazole Z and it appears to be a more potent cell growth inhibitor.
High‐Performance All‐Solid‐State Proton Rectifier Using a Heterogeneous Membrane Composed of Coordination Polymer and Layered Double Hydroxide
Authors: Lu Jiangfeng , Yoshida Yukihiro , Maesato Mitsuhiko , Kitagawa Hiroshi
Published: October 2022

Rational control of unidirectional proton transport is highly challenging, primarily owing to the difficulty in introducing an asymmetric factor into proton conducting media. In this study, free‐standing membranes of a proton‐conducting two‐dimensional porous coordination polymer, Cu2(CuTCPP) (H2TCPP: 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(4‐carboxyphenyl)porphyrin) and a hydroxide ion‐conducting layered double hydroxide, Mg‐Al‐LDH(NO3), were combined to generate a pH gradient in the conducting media. The current–voltage measurements revealed that the heterogeneous membrane exhibits a significant unidirectional proton transport with a proton rectification ratio exceeding 200 under 90 % relative humidity in the initial voltage scan. This value is the highest among the reported all‐solid‐state proton rectifiers. The high designability of both components with well‐defined structures, which is in contrast to the organic polymers used so far, provides a new avenue for developing and understanding the proton‐rectifying behavior in the solid state.
The influence of addition of carbon nanotube and graphene platelets on characteristics of carbon/basalt fiber reinforced intra‐ply hybrid composites
Authors: Azimpour‐Shishevan Farzin , Mohtadi‐Bonab M. A. , Akbulut Hamit
Published: October 2022

In this study, effects of addition of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene platelets (GPLs) on characteristics of carbon/basalt fiber reinforced intra‐ply hybrid composites were investigated. The composites were fabricated using vacuum assisted resin infusion molding (VARIM) method in two types including bare and 0.1, 0.5 wt.% of GPL and CNT nanoparticles filled hybrid composites. Fabricated normal and multiscale composites were cut by water jet and mechanical properties of specimens were examined by tensile, flexural, SBS experiments. Therefore, the modulus of elasticity, flexural modulus, tensile and flexural strength and ILSS of bare and multiscale composites were compared. Thermomechanical properties of fabricated composites were evaluated by dynamic mechanic analyze (DMA), thermogravimetric analyze(TGA) and thermal conductivity (TC) tests and storage modulus, loss modulus, damping ratio, glass transition temperature, weight loss and derivative weight loss were compared in fabricated normal and multiscale composites. Similarly, modal properties of fabricated composites such as natural frequency and damping factor were obtained by vibrational tests and compared in fabricated composites. According to the results, the addition of carbon‐based nanoparticles improved the characteristics of carbon/basalt fiber intra‐ply hybrid composites. The response of composites was directly proportional to the addition ratio of the carbon‐based nanoparticles.
Atomically Dispersed Mn for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction with Tunable Performance
Authors: Yao Zhibo , Zhan Xinyu , Ruan Yukun , Li Weixiang , Xu Yiwen , Chen Yuxin , Robertson Alex W. , Tao Ranting , Hong Song , Hao Leiduan , Sun Zhenyu
Published: October 2022

Electrochemical CO2 reduction (ECR) is recognized as a sustainable and promising approach for the production of high‐value chemicals. To facilitate widespread application of this technology, the design and construction of efficient cathodic electrocatalysts is critically important. Here we report the synthesis of atomically dispersed manganese on nitrogen‐doped porous carbon (Mn SAs/NC) using a facile and scalable annealing method for catalyzing the ECR reaction. The as‐obtained Mn SAs/NC delivers high activity and selectivity toward CO formation with a faradaic efficiency of 80.5±0.6%, over 5 times that of bare NC. The high activity is preserved even after 10 h of continuous polarization. The catalytic properties of our cost‐effective Mn SAs/NC catalyst are readily tuned by regulating the nitrogen configurations and the percentage of Mn SAs via modulation of the nitrogen precursor and the thermal treatment conditions.
The roles ofMMP8/MMP10polymorphisms in ischemic stroke susceptibility
Authors: Zhao Yong , Zhang Qi , Zhang Xiaobo , Zhang Yu , Lu Ying , Ma Xiaojuan , Li Weiping , Niu Xiaochen , Zhang Gejuan , Chang Mingze , Shi Wenzhen , Tian Ye
Published: October 2022

Background

Ischemic stroke (IS), a multifactorial and polygenic disease, is the most common cause of death. This study aimed to determine the roles ofMMP8/MMP10polymorphisms in IS susceptibility in the Chinese Han population.

Methods

MMP8rs1940475 and rs3765620, andMMP10rs17860949 from 700 IS patients and 700 controls were genotyped by the MassARRAY iPLEX platform. The impact of polymorphisms on IS risk was evaluated by logistic regression analysis.

Results

Our study indicated that rs17860949 inMMP10was significantly associated with a reduced risk of IS (OR = 0.632,p= .002). Precisely, stratification analysis showed that rs17860949 was relate to a decreased susceptibility to IS in patients aged > 55 years (OR = 0.472,p< .001), males (OR = 0.632,p= .012), nonsmokers (OR = 0.610,p= .017), and nondrinkers (OR = 0.559,p= .006). All these significant findings were verified by false‐positive report probability test. Furthermore, GG genotype and AG genotype inMMP8rs3765620 polymorphism were related to a reduced triglycerides concentration (p= .018).

Conclusion

Our study suggests that rs17860949 inMMP10may play a protective role in IS in the Chinese Han population.
Fine needle aspiration of pancreatic lesions focusing on secondary tumors with emphasis of metastatic breast cancer: A clinicopathological study with follow‐up
Authors: Chen Maria Yanqing , Zarrin‐Khameh Neda , Xu Ya
Published: October 2022

Background

The data on metastatic tumors to the pancreas diagnosed by fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy is limited. We report our experience of FNA of primary and secondary pancreatic tumors emphasizing metastatic breast cancer in the pancreas.

Method

Total 274 cases of pancreatic FNA in 10 years were retrospectively reviewed. Literature review of metastatic breast cancers to the pancreas was performed.

Results

Out of the 274 cases, 7 (7/274, 2.6%) cases were non‐diagnostic, 46 (46/274, 16.8%) cases were negative for malignancy, and 40 (40/274, 14.6%) cases were under the category of atypical cells. There were 133 (133/274, 48.5%) cases diagnosed as positive for malignancy, 20 (20/274, 7.3%) suspicious for malignancy, and 28 (28/274, 10.2%) cases in the category of neoplastic: other. The most common neoplasm diagnosed was ductal adenocarcinoma (114/274, 41.6%; 114/133, 85.7% in positive for malignancy category). Ten cases (10/274, 3.7%) were diagnosed as metastatic neoplasms to the pancreas, including four breast infiltrating ductal carcinomas (IDC), one endocervical adenocarcinoma, one anal/rectal squamous cell carcinoma, one renal cell carcinoma, one hepatocellular carcinoma, one seminoma and one lung adenocarcinoma. We summarized the biomarkers of the four metastatic breast cancers and conducted literature review on biomarkers of metastatic breast cancers to the pancreas.

Conclusions

Upon analyzing FNAs of primary and secondary tumors in the pancreas, we have found breast carcinoma is the most common secondary pancreatic neoplasm in our patient population. Triple negative breast ductal carcinoma is the most common tumor among the metastasis of breast carcinomas to the pancreas. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first report with a literature review focusing on biomarkers of metastatic breast cancer to the pancreas.
Inverse In Vitro Selection Enables Comprehensive Analysis of Cross‐Chiral L‐Aptamer Interactions
Authors: Piwko Alexander T. , Han Xuan , Kabza Adam M. , Dey Sougata , Sczepanski Jonathan T.
Published: October 2022

Aptamers composed of mirror‐image L‐(deoxy)ribose nucleic acids, referred to as L‐aptamers, are a promising class of RNA‐binding reagents. Yet, the selectivity of cross‐chiral interactions between L‐aptamers and their RNA targets remain poorly characterized, limiting the potential utility of this approach for applications in biological systems. Herein, we carried out the first comprehensive analysis of cross‐chiral L‐aptamer selectivity using a newly developed “inverse” in vitro selection approach that exploits the genetic nature of the D‐RNA ligand. By employing a library of more than a million target‐derived sequences, we determined the RNA sequence and structural preference of a model L‐aptamer and revealed previously unidentified and potentially broad off‐target RNA binding behaviors. These results provide valuable information for assessing the likelihood and consequences of potential off‐target interactions and reveal strategies to mitigate these effects. Thus, inverse in vitro selection provides several opportunities to advance L‐aptamer technology.
The Osteosarcoma Stem Cell Activity of a Gallium(III)‐Phenanthroline Complex Appended to Salicylate
Authors: Vincent Ruby A. , Passeri Ginevra , Northcote‐Smith Joshua , Singh Kuldip , Suntharalingam Kogularamanan
Published: October 2022

We report the synthesis, characterisation, and anti‐osteosarcoma properties of a gallium(III) complex (1) comprising of two 1,10‐phenanthroline ligands and salicylate, a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug. The gallium(III) complex 1 displays micromolar potency towards bulk osteosarcoma cells and osteosarcoma stem cells (OSCs). Notably, the gallium(III) complex 1 exhibits significantly higher toxicity towards OSCs grown in monolayer and three‐dimensional cultures than cisplatin, a frontline anti‐osteosarcoma drug. Nuclei isolation and immunoblotting studies show that the gallium(III) complex 1 enters osteosarcoma cell nuclei and induces DNA damage. Flow cytometry and cytotoxicity studies (in the presence of prostaglandin E2) indicate that the gallium(III) complex 1 downregulates cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) expression and kills osteosarcoma cells in a COX‐2‐dependent manner. Further, the mode of osteosarcoma cell death evoked by the gallium(III) complex 1 is characterised as caspase‐dependent apoptosis.
Concentrated ternary ether electrolyte allows for stable cycling of a lithium metal battery with commercial mass loading high‐nickel NMC and thin anodes
Authors: Yang Jun , Li Xing , Qu Ke , Wang Yixian , Shen Kangqi , Jiang Changhuan , Yu Bo , Luo Pan , Li Zhuangzhi , Chen Mingyang , Guo Bingshu , Wang Mingshan , Chen Junchen , Ma Zhiyuan , Huang Yun , Yang Zhenzhong , Liu Pengcheng , Huang Rong , Ren Xiaodi , Mitlin David
Published: October 2022

A new concentrated ternary salt ether‐based electrolyte enables stable cycling of lithium metal battery (LMB) cells with high‐mass‐loading (13.8 mg cm−2, 2.5 mAh cm−2) NMC622 (LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2) cathodes and 50 μm Li anodes. Termed “CETHER‐3,” this electrolyte is based on LiTFSI, LiDFOB, and LiBF4 with 5 vol% fluorinated ethylene carbonate in 1,2‐dimethoxyethane. Commercial carbonate and state‐of‐the‐art binary salt ether electrolytes were also tested as baselines. With CETHER‐3, the electrochemical performance of the full‐cell battery is among the most favorably reported in terms of high‐voltage cycling stability. For example, LiNixMnyCo1–x–yO2 (NMC)‐Li metal cells retain 80% capacity at 430 cycles with a 4.4 V cut‐off and 83% capacity at 100 cycles with a 4.5 V cut‐off (charge at C/5, discharge at C/2). According to simulation by density functional theory and molecular dynamics, this favorable performance is an outcome of enhanced coordination between Li+ and the solvent/salt molecules. Combining advanced microscopy (high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy) and surface science (X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, time‐of‐fight secondary ion mass spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy), it is demonstrated that a thinner and more stable cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) are formed. The CEI is rich in lithium sulfide (Li2SO3), while the SEI is rich in Li3N and LiF. During cycling, the CEI/SEI suppresses both the deleterious transformation of the cathode R‐3m layered near‐surface structure into disordered rock salt and the growth of lithium metal dendrites.
Asymptotic theory in bipartite graph models with a growing number of parameters
Authors: Fan Yifan , Jiang Binyan , Yan Ting , Zhang Yuan
Published: October 2022

Affiliation networks contain a set of actors and a set of events, where edges denote the affiliation relationships between actors and events. Here, we introduce a class of affiliation network models for modelling the degree heterogeneity, where two sets of degree parameters are used to measure the activeness of actors and the popularity of events, respectively. We develop the moment method to infer these degree parameters. We establish a unified theoretical framework in which the consistency and asymptotic normality of the moment estimator hold as the numbers of actors and events both go to infinity. We apply our results to several popular models with weighted edges, including generalized ‐, Poisson and Rayleigh models. Simulation studies and a realistic example that involves the Poisson model provide concrete evidence that supports our theoretical findings.
Straining under the echoes of the past
Authors: Jawaid Anas , Ling Marilyn N. , Chen Leway
Published: October 2022

The long‐term effects of cancer treatment on cardiovascular health have remained incompletely defined. Safer treatments, more accessible cardiovascular monitoring, and emerging cardio‐protective medication strategies are promising for avoiding adverse cardiovascular effects of cancer treatment.
The influence from a demand perspective with real economic activity: China versus the United States in world oil markets
Authors: Cross Jamie , Nguyen Bao H. , Zhang Bo
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we provide direct evidence for an increasingly critical role of China in the world oil markets. Specifically, our empirical results confirm that the influence of China's oil demand on the oil price of the world has increased over time and surpassed that of the United States. The contribution of demand perspective from China are formally quantified by three key variables of world oil market, which are world oil production, real economic activity and the real price of crude oil. The impact of oil demand from China is used to compared with those from other oil markets, including shocks from the United States. We also construct suitable proxies that reflect real economic activity from these economies, and identify them via a structural vector autoregressive model to disentangle the influence of oil demand from China, the United States and the rest of the world. Our results confirm the finding of recent research, which is the increasing demand for oil from developing countries has become a key driver of the price of oil.
Translational Population‐Pharmacodynamic Modeling of a Novel Long‐Acting siRNA Therapy, Inclisiran, for the Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Gosselin Nathalie H. , Schuck Virna J. A. , Barriere Olivier , Kulmatycki Kenneth , Margolskee Alison , Smith Patrick , He YanLing
Published: October 2022

Inclisiran is a novel N‐acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) conjugated small‐interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) therapy designed to specifically target proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) mRNA in the liver for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Inclisiran's GalNAc attachment results in a rapid uptake into the liver, and thus a short plasma half‐life, but long duration of effects on PCSK9 inhibition and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) lowering. The effects on PCSK9 inhibition and consequent LDL‐C reduction are sustained for more than 6 months following a single subcutaneous (s.c.) dose, despite inclisiran being detectable in the plasma only for up to 48 hours. A kinetic‐pharmacodynamic (K‐PD) model was developed to characterize inclisiran's dose‐related LDL‐C lowering effects and to evaluate the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on LDL‐C lowering. To accommodate the long duration of action, the K‐PD model incorporated an effect compartment which represents the liver. Inclisiran concentration in the liver leads to decreased production of the PCSK9 protein and allow recycling of more LDL‐C receptors on the hepatocyte cell surface, which results in a reduction of circulating LDL‐C. The analysis of covariates identified PCSK9 and LDL‐C baseline levels as important factors for the effects of LDL‐C lowering. Observations and modeling and simulation results demonstrated that PCSK9 and LDL‐C reductions are achieved rapidly after dosing and sustained when patients are treated with a 300 mg s.c. dose once every 6 months.
Construction of α‐Fe2O3/g‐C3N4/COF Ternary Hybrid with Double Z‐Scheme Heterojunctions for Photocatalysis**
Authors: Lu Wenjie , Qin Tong , Wang Bowei , Li Jiayi , Zhu Hongqi , Bai Guoyi , Li Yang , Chen Ligong , Yan Xilong
Published: October 2022

By report, Z‐scheme heterojunction can markedly improve the photocatalytic performance of semiconductor materials. Thus, we rationally designed and successfully prepared α‐Fe2O3/g‐C3N4/covalent organic framework (COF) ternary photocatalyst with double Z‐scheme heterojunctions. XRD, FT‐IR, and TEM characterized results demonstrated its successful construction. Further characterization results revealed that the existing double Z‐scheme heterojunctions endow the material with superior photoelectric properties and realize the synergy among the three components, thus achieving the excellent separation of photo‐generated carriers. Consequently, it exhibited excellent performance in the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline (TC). Therefore, the double Z‐scheme heterojunction strategy proposed in this study established a promising approach for constructing high‐efficiency photocatalysts.
Functional Assays Evaluating Immunosuppression Mediated by Myeloid‐Derived Suppressor Cells
Authors: Reuven Or , Mikula Ivan , Ashkenazi‐Preiser Hadas , Twaik Nira , Ben‐Meir Kerem , Meirow Yaron , Daniel Leonor , Kariv Guy , Kurd Mahdi , Baniyash Michal
Published: October 2022

Myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are heterogenous populations of immature myeloid cells that can be divided into two main subpopulations, polymorphonuclear (PMN) MDSCs and monocytic (M) MDSCs. These cells accumulate during chronic inflammation, characterizing an array of pathologies such as cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and infectious and autoimmune diseases, and induce immunosuppression. The suppressive effects of MDSCs on the immune system are studied mainly when focusing on their features, functions, and impact on target cells such as T cells, natural killer cells, and B cells, among others. Herein, we describe methods for the analysis of MDSC immunosuppressive features and functions, measuring different mediators that contribute to their activities and how they impact on T cell function. The protocols described are a continuation to those in a companion Current Protocols article by Reuven et al. (2022), which uses a generated single‐cell suspension and isolated cells to test their activity. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

This article was corrected on 13 December 2024. See the end of the full text for details.

Basic Protocol 1: Evaluating MDSC suppressive features

Alternate Protocol 1: Dichlorofluorescein diacetate–based reactive oxygen species detection

Support Protocol 1: Detection of nitric oxide secretion

Support Protocol 2: Measurement of arginase activity

Basic Protocol 2: Evaluating MDSC suppressive function

Alternate Protocol 2: In vitro effects of MDSCs on expression of T cell receptor complex during activation

Support Protocol 3: Effect of MDSCs on interferon γ production

Basic Protocol 3: Effect of MDSCs on T cell proliferation

Basic Protocol 4: Effect of MDSCs on T cell cytotoxic activity

Alternate Protocol 3: In vivo cytotoxicity assay

Basic Protocol 5: Analysis of MDSC differentiation
Development of the reciprocating airflow generator for wave power generator and study on the vertical axis turbine characteristics in reciprocating airflow
Authors: Tsuji Kentaro , Shiono Mitsuhiro
Published: October 2022

Renewable energy is attracting attention as an alternative to current mainstream power generator sources. One source of renewable energy is wave energy. We devised a simulator for the OWC‐type wave power generator and developed a reciprocating airflow generator is generated reciprocating airflow by using the reciprocating motion of a piston. This piston motion was achieved by converting the rotational motion of the motor into linear motion of the ball screw via gears. Furthermore, we used a vertical axis turbine with arc camber blades and studied on the turbine characteristics. Owing to the reciprocation of the piston, a substantially sinusoidal reciprocating airflow was generated in the measurement section. It was confirmed that a reciprocating airflow speed was generated for all the target values. A load characteristic test of the turbine was conducted. It was confirmed that the maximum turbine output was 1.60 W.
Maternal Transfer and Apical and Physiological Effects of Dietary Hexabromocyclododecane Exposure in Parental Fathead Minnows (Pimephales promelas)
Authors: Malala Irugal Bandaralage Susari , Ignacio Bertucci Juan , Park Brad , Green Derek , Brinkmann Markus , Masse Anita , Crump Doug , Basu Niladri , Hogan Natacha , Hecker Markus
Published: October 2022

Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) is a persistent organic pollutant that has been characterized as an endocrine disruptor, undergoes maternal transfer, and hinders development and growth in oviparous organisms. The present study examined the apical effects of dietary HBCD (11.5, 36.4, 106 mg/kg, wet wt) on adult fathead minnow exposed for 49 days and the subsequent accumulation and maternal transfer kinetics in adult tissue and eggs, respectively. Exposed adults displayed a significant increase in egg production in the medium treatment group, but no other significant effects were noted. Maternal transfer of dietary HBCD had a similar egg-to-muscle ratios (EMR) in the low and medium treatment groups (1.65 and 1.27 [wet wt], respectively). However, the high treatment group deviated from other treatments with an EMR of 4.2 (wet wt), potentially due to differences in total lipid content in food and/or reaching diffusion/lipid saturation limits in adult tissue, resulting in lower accumulation in the adult muscle tissue. A positive correlation was observed between egg HBCD concentration and time of exposure, which indicates that maternal transfer of HBCD is of concern in fish, and further studies should be conducted to fully elucidate the potential adverse effects that may be observed in the early life stage of oviparous organisms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:143–153. © 2022 SETAC
The influence of oil price uncertainty on stock liquidity
Authors: Zhang Qin , Wong Jin Boon
Published: October 2022

Using high‐frequency intraday data, this study provides strong empirical evidence that elevated oil price uncertainty has a significant and negative influence on stock liquidity. More specifically, the results suggest that large oil‐related corporations are most affected, followed by small‐listed firms more generally. Further analysis reveals that liquidity providers widen the bid‐ask spreads to protect themselves during periods of high oil price uncertainty for large‐listed firms, particularly those in the oil industry. These findings are robust to various measures of oil price uncertainty, different market conditions, structural break analysis and show the influence of oil price movements extends to stock liquidity.
Naltrexone for alcohol use disorder: Hepatic safety in patients with and without liver disease
Authors: Ayyala Divya , Bottyan Thomas , Tien Christine , Pimienta Michael , Yoo Jennie , Stager Kelli , Gonzalez Jose Luis , Stolz Andrew , Dodge Jennifer L. , Terrault Norah A. , Han Hyosun
Published: October 2022

Naltrexone is an approved drug for management of alcohol use disorder (AUD), but data in patients with liver disease (LD) are limited. We aimed to evaluate the safety of naltrexone in those with LD. This is a retrospective cohort of adults with and without LD who were prescribed naltrexone for AUD from 2015 to 2019 in a safety‐net setting. Naltrexone hepatic safety was determined by liver enzyme changes during and after compared to before naltrexone prescription as well as rates of subsequent hospitalization and death by Kaplan‐Meier methods. Factors associated with hospitalization were examined by Cox regression. Of 160 patients prescribed naltrexone for AUD, 100 (63%) had LD and 47 (47%) of those with LD had cirrhosis (47% decompensated). The total cohort, LD, and cirrhosis groups had lower adjusted mean aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels after versus before naltrexone prescription (p < 0.001). Two‐year survival was 97.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 84.6–99.7), 95.4% (95% CI, 82.8–98.8), 90.8% (95% CI, 73.5–97.0), and 81.3% (95% CI, 41.2–93.8) in those without LD, LD without cirrhosis, cirrhosis, and decompensated cirrhosis groups (p = 0.46), respectively. Alcohol‐related 2‐year hospitalization rates were 8.2% (95% CI, 2.7–24), 27.7% (95% CI, 16.6–44.0), 40.5% (95% CI, 24.8–61.6), and 41.7% (95% CI, 23.3–66.6) for the groups without LD, LD without cirrhosis, cirrhosis, and decompensated cirrhosis (p = 0.007), respectively. Independent predictors of subsequent hospitalization were LD, (hazard ratio [HR], 3.70; 95% CI, 1.19–11.51; p = 0.02), cirrhosis (HR, 5.16; 95% CI, 1.69–15.75), and shorter duration (≤30 days) of naltrexone prescription (HR, 2.50; 95% CI, 1.l2–5.20; p = 0.01). Conclusion: Naltrexone is safe to use in patients with underlying LD, including those with compensated cirrhosis. Although encouraging, more safety data are needed for those with decompensated cirrhosis.
Pnictogen‐Bonding Catalysts, Compared to Tetrel‐Bonding Catalysts: More Than Just Weak Lewis Acids
Authors: Chen Hao , Frontera Antonio , Ángeles Gutiérrez López M. , Sakai Naomi , Matile Stefan
Published: October 2022

A hyperresponsive tool to assess supramolecular catalysis, the cyclization of di‐epoxides into cyclic ethers is used to elucidate the difference between pnictogen‐bonding and Lewis acid catalysis systematically. For all stereoisomers, most tested catalysts follow the Baldwin rules. Brønsted acid and anion–π catalysis afford almost only Baldwin products. Lewis acids such as SbCl3, BF3 and BiCl3 give the poorest selectivity, with at least 50 % Baldwin (B) products for all stereoisomers. In clear contrast, optimized pnictogen‐bonding catalysts operating on the Sb(III) and the Sb(V) level give the fused anti‐Baldwin (A) bicycles as the main product of trans epoxides, independent of syn or anti relation of the two epoxides. In the cis series, Sb(III) pnictogen‐bonding catalysts afford BA products almost exclusively for syn diastereomers, while anti diastereomers give equal amounts of BA and AB products. Sb(V) pnictogen‐bonding catalysts show similarly special trends. These unique characteristics support that pnictogen‐bonding catalysis differs from Lewis acid catalysis and can arguably be defined as its non‐covalent counterpart, just like hydrogen‐bonding catalysis is understood and appreciated as the non‐covalent counterpart of Brønsted acid catalysis. Computational studies on the origin of anti‐Baldwin selectivity reveal Sb(V) catalysts with an introvert deep σ hole surrounded by an almost planar ring of ligands. Central pnictogen‐bond attraction against peripheral steric repulsion then forces the epoxide to break open. In contrast, transient antimony oxidation in cyclic intermediates accounts for the chemoselectivity of Sb(III) catalysts. Presumably due to insufficient accessibility of their σ holes, the activity of tetrel‐bonding catalysts is negligible. The division between powerful pnictogen‐bonding and irrelevant tetrel‐bonding catalysts does not exist with the respective orthodox Lewis acids and thus supports that σ‐hole and Lewis acid catalysis are not the same.
MicroRNA‐9a‐5p‐NOX4 inhibits intestinal inflammatory injury by regulating the M1 polarization of intestinal macrophages
Authors: Li Wenyan , Sheng Yongjia , Wang Jin , Wu Shasha , Han Chenyang
Published: October 2022

We found that the expression of microRNA (miRNA)‐9a‐5p decreased in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD; ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease). Further, we revealed the effects and mechanisms of miRNA‐9a‐5p for regulating IBD progression. In C57BL/6N mice, IBD was induced with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), and the effects of endogenous miRNA‐9a‐5p were mimicked/antagonized through intraperitoneal injection of miRNA‐9a‐5p agomir and antagomir. In animal experimentation, agomir could inhibit intestinal inflammation and tissue damage, and reduce the mucosal barrier permeability. Antagomir, on the other hand, could promote barrier damage, whose effect was associated with the M1 macrophage polarization. This study finds that miRNA‐9a‐5p targets NOX4 to suppress ROS production, which plays an important role in mucosal barrier damage in IBD.
Genetic testing and counseling for the unexplained epilepsies: An evidence‐based practice guideline of the National Society of Genetic Counselors
Authors: Smith Lacey , Malinowski Jennifer , Ceulemans Sophia , Peck Katlin , Walton Nephi , Sheidley Beth Rosen , Lippa Natalie
Published: October 2022

Epilepsy, defined by the occurrence of two or more unprovoked seizures or one unprovoked seizure with a propensity for others, affects 0.64% of the population and can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. A majority of unexplained epilepsy (seizures not attributed to an acquired etiology, such as trauma or infection) is estimated to have an underlying genetic etiology. Despite rapid progress in understanding of the genetic underpinnings of the epilepsies, there are no recent evidence‐based guidelines for genetic testing and counseling for this population. This practice guideline provides evidence‐based recommendations for approaching genetic testing in the epilepsies using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Evidence to Decision framework. We used evidence from a recent systematic evidence review and meta‐analysis of diagnostic yield of genetic tests in patients with epilepsy. We also compiled data from other sources, including recently submitted conference abstracts and peer‐reviewed journal articles. We identified and prioritized outcomes of genetic testing as critical, important or not important and based our recommendations on outcomes deemed critical and important. We considered the desirable and undesirable effects, value and acceptability to relevant stakeholders, impact on health equity, cost‐effectiveness, certainty of evidence, and feasibility of the interventions in individuals with epilepsy. Taken together, we generated two clinical recommendations: (1) Genetic testing is strongly recommended for all individuals with unexplained epilepsy, without limitation of age, with exome/genome sequencing and/or a multi‐gene panel (>25 genes) as first‐tier testing followed by chromosomal microarray, with exome/genome sequencing conditionally recommended over multi‐gene panel. (2) It is strongly recommended that genetic tests be selected, ordered, and interpreted by a qualified healthcare provider in the setting of appropriate pre‐test and post‐test genetic counseling. Incorporation of genetic counselors into neurology practices and/or referral to genetics specialists are both useful models for supporting providers without genetics expertise to implement these recommendations.
Chloride Ion‐Containing Polymeric Ionic Liquids for Application as Electrolytes in Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Ehrlich Lisa , Pospiech Doris , Muza Upenyu L. , Lederer Albena , Muche Julia , Fischer Dieter , Uhlmann Petra , Tzschöckell Felix , Muench Simon , Hager Martin D. , Schubert Ulrich S.
Published: October 2022

Organic, solid‐state batteries require efficient solid electrolytes able to provide stable ion conduction. Here, solid electrolytes based on ionic liquid (IL) polymers with chloride counterions as electrolyte materials for batteries are presented. Acrylic monomers with imidazolium substituents with alkyl side groups that are linked by alkyl spacers to the acrylic group are employed. The IL monomers with chloride counterions are either converted by thermally initiated radical polymerization into linear homopolymers or incorporated into polymer networks by UV‐initiated copolymerization utilizing a bifunctional, non‐ionic cross‐linker. Both procedures successfully yielded the desired materials, which is confirmed by NMR spectroscopy (linear homopolymers) or Raman spectroscopy (IL networks). The ionic conductivities at room temperature are measured by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. The ionic conductivities of the linear homopolymers are in the range of 10−4 to 10−6 S cm−1, while those of the IL networks are about two orders of magnitude lower. They increase to 10−4 S cm−1 at 70 °C. The electrochemical stability is examined by Linear Sweep Voltammetry and is proven in the voltage range of −2 to +2 V. The results reveal that the materials represent promising electrolytes for potential solid‐state battery applications.
A Review on Wearable Electrospun Polymeric Piezoelectric Sensors and Energy Harvesters
Authors: Mirjalali Sheyda , Mahdavi Varposhti Arezo , Abrishami Shayan , Bagherzadeh Roohollah , Asadnia Mohsen , Huang Shujuan , Peng Shuhua , Wang Chun‐Hui , Wu Shuying
Published: October 2022

In recent years, wearable sensors and energy harvesters have shown great potential for a wide range of applications in personalized healthcare, robotics, and human–machine interfaces. Among different types of materials used in wearable electronics, piezoelectric materials have gained enormous attention due to their exclusive ability to harvest energy from ambient sources. Piezoelectric materials can be utilized as sensing elements in wearable sensors while harvesting biomechanical energy. Electrospun piezoelectric polymer nanofibers are extensively investigated due to their high flexibility, ease of processing, biocompatibility, and higher piezoelectric property (in contrast to their corresponding cast films). However, as compared to piezoceramic materials, they mostly exhibit relatively lower piezoelectric coefficients. Therefore, considerable efforts have been devoted to improving the piezoelectricity of electrospun polymer nanofibers recently, resulting in significant advances. This review presents a broad overview of these advances including new material, structure designs as well as new strategies to enhance piezoelectricity of electrospun polymer nanofibers. The challenges in achieving high mechanical performance as well as high piezoelectricity are particularly discussed. The main motivation of this review is to examine these challenges and highlight effective approaches to achieving high‐performance piezoelectric sensors and energy harvesters for wearable technologies.
Emerging Synthetic Methods and Applications of MOF‐Based Gels in Supercapacitors, Water Treatment, Catalysis, Adsorption, and Energy Storage
Authors: Hou Xueting , Sun Jiaxin , Lian Mengying , Peng Yang , Jiang Dawei , Xu Miaojun , Li Bin , Xu Qiang
Published: October 2022

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), which are synthesized through the self‐assembly of organic ligands and inorganic metals, have drawn considerable research interest owing to their unique properties and attractive structures. Many studies on various MOF derivatives, such as MOFs and cellulose aerogels, hydrogel composite materials, and bimetallic‐centered MOF materials, have provided the potential for wide application of MOFs. However, MOFs mostly exist in the form of powder particles, which are difficult to form. In addition, MOFs have problems with structural instability. MOF‐based gels can overcome this problem. MOF‐based gels also have significant advantages in secondary processing. In this review, synthetic methods for MOF‐based gels, particularly the synergistic effect with other materials, are introduced. The applications of MOF‐based hydrogels and aerogels in supercapacitors, water treatment, catalysis, adsorption, and energy storage are also discussed.
Highly Aligned Centrifugal Spun Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers Collected and Processed with Automated Tracks
Authors: Jao Dave , Lima Thamires Andrade , Thursch Lavenia , Flamini Matthew D. , Pressly James , Ippolito Jason , Alvarez Nicolas Javier , Beachley Vince
Published: October 2022

A parallel automated track collector is integrated with a rationally designed centrifugal spinning head to collect aligned polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers. Centrifugal spinning is an extremely promising nanofiber fabrication technology due to high production rates. However, continuous oriented fiber collection and processing presents challenges. Engineering solutions to these two challenges are explored in this study. A 3D‐printed head design, optimized through a computational fluid dynamics simulation approach, is utilized to limit unwanted air currents that disturb deposited nanofibers. An automated track collecting device has pulled deposited nanofibers away from the collecting area. This results in a continuous supply of individual aligned nanofibers as opposed to the densely packed nanofiber mesh ring that is deposited on conventional static post collectors. The automated track collector allows for simple integration of the postdraw processing step that is critical to polymer fiber manufacturing for enhancing macromolecular orientation and mechanical properties. Postdrawing has enhanced the mechanical properties of centrifugal spun PAN nanofibers, which have different crystalline properties compared with conventional PAN microfiber. These technological developments address key limitations of centrifugal spinning that can facilitate high production rate commercial fabrication of highly aligned, high‐performance polymer nanofibers.
On Betti numbers of the gluing of germs of formal complex spaces
Authors: Freitas Thiago H. , Pérez Victor H. Jorge , Miranda Aldício J.
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we show that the gluing of germs of formal complex spaces is also a formal complex space. Moreover, we study the Betti numbers of the gluing of formal complex spaces and, for instance, we show that the Betti numbers satisfy
for all , where is a d‐dimensional germ of formal complex space given by a regular and a singular germ of formal complex spaces with the same dimension. In particular, this proves the Buchsbaum–Eisenbud–Horrocks conjecture for certain gluing of germs of formal complex spaces. Some formulas for the Betti numbers of the gluing of germs of formal complex spaces are given in terms of the invariant multiplicities, Euler obstruction, Milnor number, and polar multiplicities. As an application, some upper bounds for the Betti numbers of the gluing of some germs of complete intersection are provided, using recent progress on the Watanabe's conjecture.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation for Separation Performance of PDMS/Fluorosilane Membrane with Different Mass Ratios in Acetone–Water Mixture
Authors: Lan Yunrui , Song Weijin , Wang Jincheng
Published: October 2022

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane in suitable‐fluorinated level have excellent pervaporation performance as well as antibiological contamination performance. The pervaporation membranes with different PDMS/fluorosilane mass ratios, the adsorption and dissolution behaviors of acetone molecules on the membrane surface, as well as the diffusion and permeation behaviors in the membranes are studied by all‐atom molecular dynamics simulation (AAMDS). The results show that when the mass ratio of PDMS/fluorosilane is 100/20, the surface solubility of acetone is 11.711 (J cm−3)0.5, and the interfacial interaction is −16897.0415 kcal mol−1, both of which are the highest. The results of wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) showed that there are amorphous regions in the membranes suitable for acetone penetration. The maximum chain spacing of the PDMS/fluorosilane(100/20)_membranes is 10.8482 Å, and the free volume fraction (FFV) is 3.03%, both of which are the largest. The change rate of long‐term mean square displacement (MSD) in PDMS/fluorosilane(100/20)_Membrane with time is 0.45269. The Young's modulus E, shear modulus G, volume modulus K, and Poisson's ratio ν of PDMS/fluorosilane(100/20)_Membrane are 0.3249, 0.4061, 0.0492 GPa and ‐0.5999, respectively. The elasticity of the membrane enhances the diffusion behavior of acetone molecules, and the self‐diffusion coefficient of acetone in the membrane is 0.07545 Å2 ps−1.