bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigação sobre os aspectos nutricionais relacionados à endometriose
Authors: Chalub Juliana de Pinho , Leão Natânia Silvério de Castro , Maynard Dayanne da Costa
Published: November 2020

A endometriose é uma doença inflamatória crônica dependente de estrogênio e é caracterizada pelo surgimento de tecido endometrial fora da cavidade uterina, podendo aparecer na região pélvica ou em outros órgãos como diafragma, pulmão, bexiga e intestino. Afeta entre 5 a 15% das mulheres em idade fértil e, no Brasil, estima-se que seis milhões de mulheres sejam portadoras da doença. Atualmente os tratamentos mais comuns são os procedimentos cirúrgicos para cauterização e remoção dos focos de endometriose e o uso de medicamentos para alívio da dor. No entanto, os procedimentos são invasivos e apresentam riscos e os medicamentos podem ocasionar efeitos colaterais indesejados. Evidências cientificas têm demonstrado que a dieta e a adoção de hábitos alimentares saudáveis são capazes de influenciar o processo da endometriose. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a influência da alimentação na etiologia e no controle dos sintomas da doença. A pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada utilizando as bases de dados PUBMED e SCIELO e foram selecionados dez artigos publicados nos últimos dez anos, cujos estudos foram realizados em humanos. Após a revisão da literatura, ficou evidente que a adoção de hábitos saudáveis pode ser capaz de reduzir os riscos e de controlar os sintomas da endometriose e que o nutricionista possui um papel fundamental no tratamento da doença.
Phototherapy versus Occlusal Splint to control painful symptoms in Temporomandibular Disorder: controlled, randomized cost-effectiveness clinical trial
Authors: Sobral Ana Paula Taboada , Sobral Sergio de Sousa , Giacon Glaucia Gurnhak , Campos Thalita Molinos , Horliana Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini , Fernandes Kristianne Porta Santos , Bussadori Sandra Kalil , Motta Lara Jansiski
Published: November 2020

Objective: To compare the efficacy of photobiomodulation and occlusal splint in patients with TMD-associated myofascial pain. Material and methods: 23 patients were randomized into 2 groups: laser group (LG) (n = 12) and occlusal splint group (OSG) (n=11). For the LG, laser was applied to 3 points on each side of the face. Twelve applications were made, 2 sessions per week. In the OSG, patients were instructed to use the device during sleep, 8 hours per night, for a period of 6 weeks, and 12 adjustment and follow-up sessions were performed. Patients in both groups were reevaluated 30 days after the end of the treatments. Results: There was a decrease in pain intensity, according to a visual analogue scale, in both groups before and after 1 month (LG, p = 0.008 and OSG p = 0.002), but with no difference between groups. For the quality of life, both treatments had a positive impact, with this impact being higher in the LG compared to the OSG (p <0.05). Regarding the cost-effectiveness analysis, laser was more cost-effective than the occlusal splint in the clinical trial. The incremental cost of the laser was $3,483.45 compared to the splint, but it had a cost ratio of $4,569.02 for controlled pain intensity while the splint showed $6,691.91 ratio for controlled pain intensity. Conclusion: The photobiomodulation was more cost-effective in controlling painful symptoms in patients with TMD and myofascial pain.
Eficácia da quimioterapia nos cuidados paliativos em pacientes oncológicos: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Carvalho Thayane Vieira , Nakashima Sandra Saemi , Correia Thays Lorena Bahia Vieira , Dias Shirlei Barbosa , Silva Marla Ariana , Santos Regina Consolação dos , Pena Heber Paulino
Published: November 2020

Descrever a eficácia da quimioterapia nos cuidados paliativos em pacientes oncológicos. Trata-se de um estudo de revisão integrativa iniciado em abril de 2020, que utilizou como base de dados o Google Acadêmico, Medline, Scielo e PubMed. A estratégia PICO foi utilizada para a construção dos temas de pesquisa. De acordo com este método de busca, chegou-se a 255 artigos, e a definição por determinação dos critérios de exclusão foram selecionados 27 artigos originais utilizados nessa revisão. Os artigos selecionados foram analisados e organizados em quatro categorias temáticas, sendo: Cuidados Paliativos no Paciente Oncológico, Quimioterapia Paliativa em Tumores Sólidos, Quimioterapia Paliativa versus Qualidade de Vida e Competências e Cuidados da Enfermagem na Quimioterapia Paliativa. Verifica-se uma aceitação da quimioterapia paliativa em alguns casos e, em outros se identificam mais riscos do que benefícios, tornando imprópria a escolha desse tratamento. A escolha do tratamento deve ser feita seguindo avaliações individualizadas realizadas pela equipe responsável visando a melhor qualidade e expectativa de vida de cada paciente.
Soft Skills, avaliação por docentes e autoavaliação por estudantes integrantes de grupos de estudos acadêmicos no ensino básico, técnico e tecnológico
Authors: Raposo Vinícius Silveira , Meireles Marcos Aurelio Dias , Silva Marcelo Cabral de Souza e , Oliveira Adilson Ribeiro de
Published: November 2020

O sucesso na carreira profissional sempre foi pautado pelas habilidades técnicas do indivíduo (hard skills) necessárias à resolução dos problemas do dia a dia. Recentemente, o desenvolvimento de habilidades humanas, também conhecidas como “soft skills”, ganharam destaque no relacionamento interpessoal e corporativo. O que chama atenção é que tais habilidades ainda não fazem parte da maioria dos currículos regulares de formação profissional. Objetivou-se com o presente estudo entender qual o nível de autoconsciência entre discentes do ensino básico, técnico e tecnológico participantes de Grupos de Estudo Acadêmicos acerca de seus comportamentos em relação às soft skills. Foi aplicada avaliação por meio de um questionário onde as habilidades foram agrupadas em três grupos distintos: Grupo 1: gestão de tempo e organização; Grupo 2: empreendedorismo e capacidade de execução de tarefas; e Grupo 3: autoconhecimento e mentalidade. As respostas dos alunos foram comparadas à percepção dos Orientadores dos Grupos de Estudo quanto a real capacidade de cada aluno em alcançar o objetivo esperado frente ao item avaliado tomando como base a relação desenvolvida entre aluno e orientador. Diante dos resultados, pode-se observar que a autopercepção dos estudantes sobre suas próprias habilidades pessoais é um fator a ser trabalhado em sala, ou mesmo em projetos extracurriculares, para que, a partir do aumento de consciência da necessidade de melhoria, os estudantes desenvolvam, além das tradicionais habilidades técnicas, suas habilidades pessoais tão necessárias ao mercado de trabalho contemporâneo, e assim caminhem em direção à evolução e ao desenvolvimento profissional.
Uso de álcool entre adolescentes: prevalência, fatores de risco e estratégia de prevenção numa área rural do estado brasileiro do Pará
Authors: Costa Franciane Ferreira , Queiroz Jocilena Pâmela Quadros de , Souza Samara Borges , Silva-Oliveira Gláucia Caroline , Oliveira-Filho Aldemir Branco
Published: November 2020

O uso de drogas psicotrópicas, como álcool, é um dos fatores que limitam o desenvolvimento saudável, tanto no âmbito físico quanto psicossocial dos adolescentes. No norte do Brasil, o cenário epidemiológico sobre uso de álcool ainda é pouco conhecido, principalmente na área rural. Desse modo, este estudo determinou prevalências e os fatores associados ao uso de álcool entre adolescentes na área rural do município de Bragança (Pará), assim como identificou uma estratégia para prevenção a ser utilizada no ambiente escolar. Este estudo transversal foi composto por informações relacionadas ao uso de álcool, desempenho escolar e características demográficas e socioeconômicas de estudantes adolescentes oriundos de escolas públicas em comunidades rurais do município de Bragança, Pará. Modelos de regressão logística identificaram fatores associados ao uso de álcool na vida e nos últimos 30 dias. As prevalências de uso de álcool pelo menos uma vez na vida e nos últimos 30 dias foram de 35,7% e 17,6%, respectivamente. Sexo masculino, repetência escolar, nenhuma ou pouca participação dos pais na vida escolar, reduzida escolaridade da mãe, pais usarem alguma droga psicotrópica, amigos usarem alguma droga psicotrópica, todos ou a maioria dos amigos usarem droga psicotrópica, e envolvimento em conflitos foram associados ao uso de álcool. Palestras e conversas informais foram as duas estratégias de prevenção mais indicadas pelos adolescentes. Em suma, essas taxas de uso de álcool na área rural são semelhantes às registradas na área urbana do Pará e indicam a necessidade de ações para promoção da saúde dos adolescentes.
Câmara Cascudo interprete do Brasil: Retratos de uma dieta brasileira
Authors: Brandão Ivone Agra , Cristovam Francisca Kelly Gomes , Araújo Maria Jucineide , Santana Ajanayr Michelly Sobral , Pê Simone Zeferino , Dantas Dina Mara Pinheiro
Published: November 2020

Este artigo objetiva compreender Câmara Cascudo como um dos pensadores que contribuiu para a realização de uma leitura sobre o Pensamento do Brasil. Para este entendimento tomamos como base de investigação o seu livro História da Alimentação no Brasil, que é uma produção peculiar presente no corpus de sua obra, ele buscou na culinária brasileira caminhos para se pensar uma herança cultural herdada das três etnias que integraram e deram origem a composição racial do país. Trata-se de uma investigação cuidadosa, por meio de um viés histórico, com objetivo de “mostrar a antiguidade” das predileções alimentares, com enfoque dado ao retorno às origens das três etnias formadoras do Brasil, dando à obra um tom de estudo de nacionalidade. Cascudo pretendeu buscar as “raízes” da formação de nossa nacionalidade a partir de um tema presente de forma intensa na sociedade brasileira que é a composição da dieta alimentar do brasileiro, seguindo uma investigação minuciosa presente nos longos séculos de mistura das raças formadoras do Brasil, estudando as mudanças que foram passadas ao longo do tempo. Portanto é um livro que trabalha a nacionalidade, buscando na formatação dietética do povo brasileiro o que nos assemelha e o que nos difere das nações de origem, cuja fonte de investigação é a alimentação popular, e por ela o autor ressaltou as potencialidades do paladar nacional, possibilitando os debates sobre etnia, colonização e heranças culturais.
Os pilares da tecnologia 4.0 no cenário do Covid19
Authors: Melicio Rose Kelly Irene Santos da Conceição , Costa Neto Pedro Luiz de Oliveira
Published: November 2020

O distanciamento social decretado no início de 2020, foi ocasionado pelo ao alto nível de contágio do vírus Covid19. Portanto, governo, empresas e uma grande parcela da sociedade brasileira foram “obrigadas” a  adotarem como alternativa para se manterem ativas os meios tecnológicos, dentre eles encontrados anteriormente na indústria 4.0.  O foco dessa pesquisa é levantar uma reflexão sobre a aplicabilidade das tecnologias como ferramenta para mitigar os efeitos da pandemia no Brasil. Diante do cenário, esse artigo foi realizado por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, artigos e reportagens. Após o estudo, foi constatado que a sociedade, empresas e governos foram imergidos em muitas das realidades das tecnologias 4.0, e que têm sido, uma das principais ajudas ao combate do coronavírus e mitigar seus efeitos, que provavelmente se perpetuará ao longo do tempo seja de forma física social e/ou. Observou-se ainda, que realidade brasileira nos traz uma reflexão para alienação versus a exclusão digital que se encontra nesse mesmo país.
A permanência escolar na Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) do campo: o caso do assentamento 25 de Maio, Madalena, Ceará
Authors: Lima Nara Lucia Gomes , Souza Jose Ribamar Furtado de
Published: November 2020

Este estudo volta-se a Educação de Jovens e Adultos do campo e tem como objetivo analisar os aspectos que tem contribuído para a permanência escolar no assentamento rural 25 de Maio, observando a luta por Educação do Campo no contexto da reforma agrária. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo descritiva e explicativa, orientada pelo método dialético. Para a coleta de materiais em campo utilizou-se à entrevista semiestruturada, observação participante e análise documental. Constatou-se que a permanência escolar no campo está relacionada às categorias gestão escolar, prática docente e prática pedagógica. A Secretaria Municipal de Educação é responsável pela organização do ensino, acompanhamento pedagógico e oferta da EJA no interior deste assentamento. Os professores realizam um trabalho de base que consiste em visitas domiciliares, mas falta apoio pedagógico da escola.  Constatou-se que a maioria dos educandos são trabalhadores rurais, com faixa etária de 32 a 50 anos de idade, os mesmos permaneceram na EJA com objetivo de concluírem seu processo de escolarização e obterem a certificação. Este estudo permite refletir sobre os desafios da EJA em áreas assentadas atentando para a permanência escolar no campo e traz apontamentos para pesquisas futuras.
Effect of Trinexapac-ethyl associated with nitrogen fertilization on upland rice nutritional status and grain yield
Authors: Ferrari Samuel , Cordeiro Luis Fernando dos Santos , Carara Luís Guilherme Delovo , Nascimento Vagner do , Lopes Paulo Renato Matos , Prado Evandro Pereira , Viana Ronaldo da Silva
Published: November 2020

Trinexapac-ethyl spraying time and proper nitrogen rate are essential to reduce plant height and lodging at harvest, without affecting rice yield and nutritional balance. This study aimed to evaluate trinexapac-ethyl spraying time and N contents as topdressing for upland rice paddies. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design and a 4x5 factorial scheme, with four replications. Treatments consisted of four trinexapac-ethyl spraying times, in the phenological stages of tillering, floral differentiation, between tillering and floral differentiation, and a control (without spraying), and five nitrogen rates (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200, kg ha-1) as topdressing. As nitrogen topdressing rates increased, leaf contents of N, Fe++, and Zn++ increased, while S and Mn++ decreased; however, contents of P, Ca++, Mg++, B, and Cu++ were little influenced. When trinexapac-ethyl was applied, leaf contents of N, P, S, B, and Zn++ were little influenced, while P, Ca++, Mg++, Fe++, and Mn++ increased, and Cu++ decreased. Trinexapac-ethyl can be applied at tillering without decreasing rice yield. Upland rice increased grain yield by 58 and 46% in two consecutive crop years due to application of about 120 kg N ha-1 as topdressing.
Identificação de Pivôs Centrais e Microbacias no Município de Cristalina, Goiás: Apontamentos às Regras de Outorga do Uso de Água
Authors: Cessa Raphael Maia Aveiro , Oliveira Henrique Fonseca Elias de , Leite Caio Vinicíus , Cometti Nilton Nélio , Zonta Everaldo , Mesquita Marcio , Campos Hugo de Moura
Published: November 2020

O conhecimento das características das bacias hidrográficas de uma região caracteriza-se como uma informação de auxílio às tomadas de decisão relacionadas às diversas atividades econômicas e sociais, como abastecimento de água, geração de energia e disponibilidade de água para a irrigação. Neste sentido o presente trabalho objetivou identificar no município de Cristalina, Goiás, a quantidade de pivôs centrais presentes nas microbacias hidrográficas, fazendo apontamentos às regras de outorga das vazões de captação por meio de estimativas. Para tal, utilizou-se do aplicativo computacional ArcMap 10.5 e imagens de satélite Sentinel-2 e Shuttle Radar Topography Mission para identificar o número de pivôs centrais e de microbacias no referido município goiano. Utilizaram-se ainda dados fornecidos pela Secretaria de Estado de Meio Ambiente, Recursos Hídricos, Infraestrutura, Cidades e Assuntos Metropolitanos e do Sistema Hidroweb do Sistema Nacional de Informações sobre Recursos Hídricos. Foram identificadas 147 microbacias no município de Cristalina, Goiás, as quais foram agrupadas em classes, segundo suas áreas. Entre os anos de 2010 a 2017 foram instalados 204 pivôs centrais, o que correspondeu a um aumento de 77,56% na área irrigada do município. A vazão média de captação estimada por pivô central foi 72,73 m3 h-1, resultando em um aumento da demanda de captação de água de 14.836,92 m3 h-1 no período avaliado. Os dados obtidos contribuirão para a aplicação das regras de outorga de vazões consuntivas, caso sejam estabelecidos os valores de Q95 nos seus exutórios, permitindo um número mais adequado de equipamentos instalados nas microbacias.
Klasifikasi Berita Clickbait Menggunakan K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN)
Authors: Sagita Riska , Enri Ultach , Primajaya Aji
Published: November 2020

Clickbait menjadi salah satu cara untuk mencari uang dengan meningkatkan traffic pengunjung dan pengunjung. Praktik clickbait pada saat ini sudah merambah pada dunia jurnalistik sedangkan sistem berita media online berbeda dengan media cetak. Sama halnya dengan media online lainnya, clickbait ini memberikan pengaruh besar terhadap penyedia berita karena rasa keingintahuan dari para pembaca dan sulitnya para pembaca memilih berita clickbait atau bukan clickbait. Praktik clickbait ini sendiri sangat di andalkan oleh penyedia situs berita yang menggunakan judul-judul yang menjebak untuk menarik para pembaca. Berdasarkan masalah tersebut dilakukan penelitian untuk mengklasifikasikan berita clickbait menggunakan metode K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN).Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, diperoleh hasil terbaik pada jumlah k = 11 dengan menggunakan skenario 1 pada data pembagian dengan jumlah data sebanyak 800 data dan 200 data uji yang menghasilkan akurasi sebesar 71%, ketepatan 72%, dan ingat 71%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa klasifikasi berita clickbait dapat di klasifikasikan menggunakan K-Nearest Neighbor.
Pengelompokan Desa Menggunakan K-Means Untuk Penyelenggaraan Penanggulangan Bencana Banjir
Authors: Susilo Shelladita Fitriyani , Jamaludin Asep , Purnamasari Intan
Published: November 2020

Penyelenggaraan penanggulangan bencana merupakan suatu agenda kewajiban lembaga yang dinamakan BPBD. Perencanaan yang tidak terstruktur menyebabkan penentuan komponen didalamnya menjadi kurang optimal, seperti tempat, sumber daya manusia, transportasi. Penentuan tempat menjadi poin utama yang dapat mempengaruhi komponen lain dalam perencanaan. Ketersediaan data mengenai tempat berupa rekap desa rawan bencana dimiliki oleh bidang I Kesiapsiagaan Bencana. Rekap data kejadian dan profil desa dilakukan pengelompokan untuk menemukan karakteristik yang dapat membantu dalam penentuan tempat kegiatan. Metode K-Means digunakan untuk memetakan desa sesuai karakteristik dengan jumlah cluster sesuai jumlah optimal yang lebih baik antara metode elbow dan silhouette. Dihasilkan clustering optimal dengan jumlah cluster 7 hasil penentuan nilai k dari metode elbow. Dengan ukuran pengelompokan Cluster 1 = 1 desa, Cluster 2 = 2 desa, Cluster 3 = 19 desa, Cluster 4 = 4 desa, Cluster 5 = 5 desa, Cluster 6 = 1 desa, Cluster 7 =1 desa.
“Jewelry by Foot Locker: One Step Beyond”
Authors: Roberts Miriam , Sherman, Ph.D. Herbert
Published: November 2020

Foot Locker Inc. is known globally for its athletic shoes and apparel and has the brand identity to leverage its name by diversifying into other product lines. Foot Locker wants to be known for more than just a “sneaker spot”, but they are missing that extra component or accessory that would broaden their brand image. Men go to Foot Locker locations for shoes and apparel, but their outfit is still not complete since it lacks one necessity-jewelry. Men mostly get their jewelry online or from major department stores. What if Foot Locker could fill in that void? This article analyzes Foot Locker relative to the men's accessories market. Jewelry is the oldest way of expression and combined with sneakers, it could be Foot Locker’s ticket to growth and continued success. We will discuss the possibility of Foot Locker starting their jewelry product extension that will be targeting their already known male demographic. Through the application of market research, creating an assortment plan, and global market research it is hypothesized that Jewelry by Foot Locker could become a great addition to the Foot Locker brand. If done properly, this jewelry extension could be the newest way Foot Locker improves their image and profits.
Application of a Susceptible, Infectious, and/or Recovered (SIR) Model to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ecuador
Authors: Espinosa Pablo , Quirola‐Amores Paulina , Teran Enrique
Published: November 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is wreaking havoc in healthcare systems worldwide. COVID-19 was reported for the first time in Wuhan (China) and the first case in Ecuador was confirmed on February 27, 2020. Several determinants are taken into consideration for the establishment of asymptomatic or critical illness, and are necessary to predict the dynamics and behavior of a pandemic. We generated a Susceptible, Infectious, and/or Recovered model and reflected upon the COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador. For the entire Ecuadorian population, we estimated that the reproduction number (R0) was 2.2, with 88% susceptible/infected individuals. To stop a national epidemic, a quarantine for 3–4 months is required, and when 55% of the population has been immunized (equivalent to 110 days since the first report of a COVID-19 case), a real decrease of new cases will be observed. The effectiveness of quarantine should be analyzed retrospectively, and not as a result of contemporary control of the COVID-19 epidemic.
Adsorption of Orange II Onto Zn2Al–Layered Double Hydroxide Prepared From Zinc Ash
Authors: Tǎmaş Andra , Cozma Ioana , Cocheci Laura , Lupa Lavinia , Rusu Gerlinde
Published: November 2020

The dye industry is one of the largest water consuming industries, and at the same time generates large quantities of wastewaters. The resulting wastewaters require proper treatment before discharge, because the dye contents have a negative effect on the water body and organisms present in it. The most efficient treatment method for water containing dyes is represented by adsorption processes. The challenge with these adsorption processes is to develop new, efficient, viable, and economic adsorbent materials. Therefore, in the present paper, the performance of Zn2Al-layered double hydroxide, prepared from an industrial waste (zinc ash) as a zinc source, was investigated in the Orange II dye adsorption process. The Zn2Al-layered double hydroxide prepared from secondary sources presents similar morphological and structural characteristics as those prepared from analytical grade reagents. The influence of initial dye concentration, adsorption time, solid:liquid ratio, pH, and temperature was evaluated in order to confirm the benefit of this waste valorization. A comparison with the reference Zn2Al-layered double hydroxide prepared from analytical grade reagents was performed and the results show that due to the small presence of impurities, the material prepared from zinc ash shows better adsorption capacities (qmax,exp = 42.5 mg/g at 293 K) than the material prepared from reagents (qmax,exp = 36.9 mg/g at 293 K), justifying the utilization of secondary sources for layered double hydroxides preparation. The proposed treatment process presents advantages from both economic and environmental protection point of view.
Analysis Techniques for Illicit Bitcoin Transactions
Authors: Turner Adam Brian , McCombie Stephen , Uhlmann Allon J.
Published: November 2020

This comprehensive overview of analysis techniques for illicit Bitcoin transactions addresses both technical, machine learning approaches as well as a non-technical, legal, and governance considerations. We focus on the field of ransomware countermeasures to illustrate our points.
Metabarcoding From Microbes to Mammals: Comprehensive Bioassessment on a Global Scale
Authors: Compson Zacchaeus G. , McClenaghan Beverly , Singer Gregory A. C. , Fahner Nicole A. , Hajibabaei Mehrdad
Published: November 2020

Global biodiversity loss is unprecedented, and threats to existing biodiversity are growing. Given pervasive global change, a major challenge facing resource managers is a lack of scalable tools to rapidly and consistently measure Earth's biodiversity. Environmental genomic tools provide some hope in the face of this crisis, and DNA metabarcoding, in particular, is a powerful approach for biodiversity assessment at large spatial scales. However, metabarcoding studies are variable in their taxonomic, temporal, or spatial scope, investigating individual species, specific taxonomic groups, or targeted communities at local or regional scales. With the advent of modern, ultra-high throughput sequencing platforms, conducting deep sequencing metabarcoding surveys with multiple DNA markers will enhance the breadth of biodiversity coverage, enabling comprehensive, rapid bioassessment of all the organisms in a sample. Here, we report on a systematic literature review of 1,563 articles published about DNA metabarcoding and summarize how this approach is rapidly revolutionizing global bioassessment efforts. Specifically, we quantify the stakeholders using DNA metabarcoding, the dominant applications of this technology, and the taxonomic groups assessed in these studies. We show that while DNA metabarcoding has reached global coverage, few studies deliver on its promise of near-comprehensive biodiversity assessment. We then outline how DNA metabarcoding can help us move toward real-time, global bioassessment, illustrating how different stakeholders could benefit from DNA metabarcoding. Next, we address barriers to widespread adoption of DNA metabarcoding, highlighting the need for standardized sampling protocols, experts and computational resources to handle the deluge of genomic data, and standardized, open-source bioinformatic pipelines. Finally, we explore how technological and scientific advances will realize the promise of total biodiversity assessment in a sample—from microbes to mammals—and unlock the rich information genomics exposes, opening new possibilities for merging whole-system DNA metabarcoding with (1) abundance and biomass quantification, (2) advanced modeling, such as species occupancy models, to improve species detection, (3) population genetics, (4) phylogenetics, and (5) food web and functional gene analysis. While many challenges need to be addressed to facilitate widespread adoption of environmental genomic approaches, concurrent scientific and technological advances will usher in methods to supplement existing bioassessment tools reliant on morphological and abiotic data. This expanded toolbox will help ensure that the best tool is used for the job and enable exciting integrative techniques that capitalize on multiple tools. Collectively, these new approaches will aid in addressing the global biodiversity crisis we now face.
A Marine Biodiversity Observation Network for Genetic Monitoring of Hard-Bottom Communities (ARMS-MBON)
Authors: Obst Matthias , Exter Katrina , Allcock A. Louise , Arvanitidis Christos , Axberg Alizz , Bustamante Maria , Cancio Ibon , Carreira-Flores Diego , Chatzinikolaou Eva , Chatzigeorgiou Giorgos , Chrismas Nathan , Clark Melody S. , Comtet Thierry , Dailianis Thanos , Davies Neil , Deneudt Klaas , de Cerio Oihane Diaz , Fortič Ana , Gerovasileiou Vasilis , Hablützel Pascal I. , Keklikoglou Kleoniki , Kotoulas Georgios , Lasota Rafal , Leite Barbara R. , Loisel Stéphane , Lévêque Laurent , Levy Liraz , Malachowicz Magdalena , Mavrič Borut , Meyer Christopher , Mortelmans Jonas , Norkko Joanna , Pade Nicolas , Power Anne Marie , Ramšak Andreja , Reiss Henning , Solbakken Jostein , Staehr Peter A. , Sundberg Per , Thyrring Jakob , Troncoso Jesus S. , Viard Frédérique , Wenne Roman , Yperifanou Eleni Ioanna , Zbawicka Malgorzata , Pavloudi Christina
Published: November 2020

Marine hard-bottom communities are undergoing severe change under the influence of multiple drivers, notably climate change, extraction of natural resources, pollution and eutrophication, habitat degradation, and invasive species. Monitoring marine biodiversity in such habitats is, however, challenging as it typically involves expensive, non-standardized, and often destructive sampling methods that limit its scalability. Differences in monitoring approaches furthermore hinders inter-comparison among monitoring programs. Here, we announce a Marine Biodiversity Observation Network (MBON) consisting of Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) with the aim to assess the status and changes in benthic fauna with genomic-based methods, notably DNA metabarcoding, in combination with image-based identifications. This article presents the results of a 30-month pilot phase in which we established an operational and geographically expansive ARMS-MBON. The network currently consists of 20 observatories distributed across European coastal waters and the polar regions, in which 134 ARMS have been deployed to date. Sampling takes place annually, either as short-term deployments during the summer or as long-term deployments starting in spring. The pilot phase was used to establish a common set of standards for field sampling, genetic analysis, data management, and legal compliance, which are presented here. We also tested the potential of ARMS for combining genetic and image-based identification methods in comparative studies of benthic diversity, as well as for detecting non-indigenous species. Results show that ARMS are suitable for monitoring hard-bottom environments as they provide genetic data that can be continuously enriched, re-analyzed, and integrated with conventional data to document benthic community composition and detect non-indigenous species. Finally, we provide guidelines to expand the network and present a sustainability plan as part of the European Marine Biological Resource Centre (www.embrc.eu).
Ocular Involvement in Coronavirus Disease 2019: Up-to-Date Information on Its Manifestation, Testing, Transmission, and Prevention
Authors: Chen Ziyan , Yuan Gang , Duan Fang , Wu Kaili
Published: November 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is still underway. An understanding of the virus's mode of transmission and infection is required for its effective containment. Besides the respiratory and digestive tracts, the ocular surface presents an additional mucosal surface that is exposed to infectious droplets and direct/indirect contact. The relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the eye remains controversial. This review examines up-to-date information on ocular manifestation, laboratory testing, transmission, and prevention of COVID-19. Based on clinical observations, the risk of conjunctivitis in COVID-19 is low. Despite the low incidence, positive SARS-CoV-2 results in eye specimens suggest that the ocular surface may harbor SARS-CoV-2, which may increase the infection and transmission risk. We conclude that the ocular surface remains a potential transmission route for the virus that should not be ignored. In addition, the intraocular findings have also been described in COVID-19. The measures for eye and face protection should be widely adopted to stem the tide of the pandemic.
Plant-Mediated Horizontal Transmission of Asaia Between White-Backed Planthoppers, Sogatella furcifera
Authors: Li Fei , Hua Hongxia , Han Yongqiang , Hou Maolin
Published: November 2020

Asaia is a bacterial symbiont of sugar-feeding insects that has been shown to be vertically transmitted by maternal transmission and paternal transmission mechanism, and to be horizontally transmitted via co-feeding artificial diet and venereal routes. Here, the first case of plant-mediated horizontal transmission of Asaia between white-backed planthoppers (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera, was reported. In Asaia-infected WBPH, Asaia was detected mostly in salivary glands and to a less extent in stylets. The rice leaf sheaths fed by Asaia-infected WBPH for 12 h were all positive with Asaia, where Asaia persisted for at least 30 d but was localized in the feeding sites only. When confined to Asaia-infected leaf sheaths for 7 d at the sites pre-infested by the Asaia-infected WBPH, all Asaia-free WBPH became infected with Asaia and the acquired Asaia could be vertically transmitted to their offspring. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed an identical Asaia strain in the Asaia-infected donor WBPH, the Asaia-infected leaf sheaths, and the newly infected recipient WBPH. Our findings provide direct evidence for the first time that rice plant can mediate horizontal transmission of Asaia between WBPH, which may contribute to the spread of Asaia in the field WBPH populations.
Comparison Between Blood-Brain Barrier Water Exchange Rate and Permeability to Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agent in an Elderly Cohort
Authors: Shao Xingfeng , Jann Kay , Ma Samantha J. , Yan Lirong , Montagne Axel , Ringman John M. , Zlokovic Berislav V. , Wang Danny J. J.
Published: November 2020

Background: Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI using intravenous injection of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) is commonly used for imaging blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Water is an alternative endogenous tracer with limited exchange rate across the BBB. A direct comparison between BBB water exchange rate and BBB permeability to GBCA is missing. The purpose of this study was to directly compare BBB permeability to GBCA (Ktrans and kGad = Ktrans/Vp) and water exchange rate (kw) in a cohort of elderly subjects at risk of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD).

Methods: Ktrans/kGad and kw were measured by DCE-MRI and diffusion prepared pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (DP-pCASL), respectively, at 3 Tesla in 16 elderly subjects (3 male, age = 67.9 ± 3.0 yrs) at risk of cSVD. The test-retest reproducibility of kw measurements was evaluated with repeated scans ~6 weeks apart. Mixed effects linear regression was performed in the whole brain, gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), and 6 subcortical brain regions to investigate associations between Ktrans/kGad and test-retest kw. In addition, kw and Ktrans/kGad were compared in normal appearing white matter (NAWM), white matter hyperintensity (WMH) lesions and penumbra.

Results: Significant correlation was found between kw and Ktrans only in WM (β = 6.7 × 104, P = 0.036), caudate (β = 8.6 × 104, P = 0.029), and middle cerebral artery (MCA) perforator territory (β = 6.9 × 104, P = 0.009), but not in the whole brain, GM or rest 5 brain regions. Significant correlation was found between kw and kGad in MCA perforator territory (β = 1.5 × 103, P = 0.049), medial-temporal lobe (β = 3.5 × 103, P = 0.032), and hippocampus (β = 3.4 × 103, P = 0.038), but not in the rest brain regions. Good reproducibility of kw measurements (ICC=0.75) was achieved. Ktrans was significantly lower inside WMH than WMH penumbra (16.2%, P = 0.026), and kGad was significantly lower in NAWM than in the WMH penumbra (20.8%, P < 0.001).

Conclusion: kw provides a measure of water exchange rate across the BBB with good test-retest reproducibility. The BBB mechanism underlying kw and Ktrans/kGad is likely to be different, as manifested by correlations in only three brain regions for each pair of comparison between kw and Ktrans or kGad.
Hierarchical Clustering of Cutaneous Melanoma Based on Immunogenomic Profiling
Authors: Yu Jie , Xie Minyue , Ge Shengfang , Chai Peiwei , Zhou Yixiong , Ruan Jing
Published: November 2020

Cutaneous melanoma is an aggressive malignancy with high heterogeneity. Several studies have been performed to identify cutaneous melanoma subtypes based on genomic profiling. However, few classifications based on assessments of immune-associated genes have limited clinical implications for cutaneous melanoma. Using 470 cutaneous melanoma samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we calculated the enrichment levels of 29 immune-associated gene sets in each sample and hierarchically clustered them into Immunity High (Immunity_H, n=323, 68.7%), Immunity Medium (Immunity_M, n=135, 28.7%), and Immunity Low (Immunity_L, n=12, 2.6%) based on the ssGSEA score. The ESTIMATE algorithm was used to calculate stromal scores (range: -1,800.51–1,901.99), immune scores (range: -1,476.28–3,780.33), estimate scores (range: -2,618.28–5,098.14) and tumor purity (range: 0.216–0.976) and they were significantly correlated with immune subtypes (Kruskal–Wallis test, P < 0.001). The Immunity_H group tended to have higher expression levels of HLA and immune checkpoint genes (Kruskal–Wallis test, P < 0.05). The Immunity_H group had the highest level of naïve B cells, resting dendritic cells, M1 macrophages, resting NK cells, plasma cells, CD4 memory activated T cells, CD8 T cells, follicular helper T cells and regulatory T cells, and the Immunity_L group had better overall survival. The GO terms identified in the Immunity_H group were mainly immune related. In conclusion, immune signature-associated cutaneous melanoma subtypes play a role in cutaneous melanoma prognosis stratification. The construction of immune signature-associated cutaneous melanoma subtypes predicted possible patient outcomes and provided possible immunotherapy candidates.
Acute Kidney Injury Associated With Urinary Stone Disease in Children and Young Adults Presenting to a Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Farris Nicholas , Raina Rupesh , Tibrewal Abhishek , Brown Miraides , Colvis Maria , Schwaderer Andrew , Kusumi Kirsten
Published: November 2020

Background:Acute kidney injury (AKI) due to urinary stone disease (USD) is rare in adults; AKI rates in children with USD may be higher, and emerging data links stones to chronic kidney disease (CKD) development in adults.

Methods:This study is a retrospective analysis of USD patients at a single pediatric hospital system's emergency department (ED). Patients were initially identified by USD ICD codes; USD was then confirmed by imaging or physician documentation; patients had to have baseline creatinine (Cr) and Cr in the ED for comparison to be included. AKI was defined by Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO), Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN), and Pediatric Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End Stage (pRIFLE).

Results:Of the 589 total visits, 264/589 (45%) had data to evaluate for AKI, 23% were AKI(+) and 77% were AKI(–). pRIFLE was most common (82%) and 18% were only positive by AKIN/KDIGO. AKI(+) were more likely to be younger (16.7 vs. 17.4 years,p= 0.046) and more likely to present with vomiting {odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 2.4 [1.4–4.3],p= 0.002}; also, the proportion of AKI(+) was significantly higher in <18 vs. ≥18 years [26.9 vs. 15.5%,p= 0.032, OR (95% CI): 2.0 (1.1–3.9)]. Urinary tract infection (UTI) and obstruction rates were similar between groups. AKI(+) patients had a significant OR <1 suggesting less risk of receiving non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); however, 51% of them did receive NSAIDs during their ED encounter. AKI(+) patients were more likely to require admission to the hospital (53 vs. 32%,p= 0.001).

Conclusion:We have demonstrated a novel association between USD-induced renal colic and AKI in a group of young adults and children. AKI(+) patients were younger and were more likely to present with vomiting. AKI(+) patients did not have higher rates of obstruction or UTI, and 51% of AKI(+) received NSAIDs.
N-Butanol Fraction of Wenxia Formula Extract Inhibits the Growth and Invasion of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer by Down-Regulating Sp1-Mediated MMP2 Expression
Authors: Bi QianYu , Wang MengRan , Zhao Fang , Wang Meng , Yin XiangJun , Ruan JiaZhao , Wang DeLong , Ji XuMing
Published: November 2020

Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death. It is necessary to develop effective anti-lung cancer therapeutics. Wenxia Formula (WXF), an empirical traditional Chinese herbal formula, has been reported to have significant antitumor activity. In this study, to further clarify the material basis of the anti-tumor effect of WXF, we investigated the cytotoxic effect of the N-butanol fraction of Wenxia Formula extract (NWXF) against two lung cancer and one normal human cell lines. The chemical profile of NWXF was characterized by UPLC/Q-TOF-MS analysis and a total of 201 compounds with mzCloud Best Match of greater than 70 were identified by using the online database mzCloud. To address the functional role of NWXF, we assessed cell proliferation, migration and invasion capabilities. Subcutaneous xenografts were constructed to determine the effect of NWXF in vivo. The results showed that NWXF effectively inhibited the proliferation and migration of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells with little toxic effects on human bronchial epithelial cells. Meanwhile, orally administered NWXF exhibited prominent dose-dependent anti-tumor efficacy in vivo. Mechanistically, NWXF significantly downregulated MMP9 and Sp1-mediated MMP2 expression. In conclusion, NWXF might be a promising candidate for treatment of human lung cancer.
The Peptide PbrPSK2 From Phytosulfokine Family Induces Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Production to Regulate Pear Pollen Tube Growth
Authors: Kou Xiaobing , Liu Qian , Sun Yangyang , Wang Peng , Zhang Shaoling , Wu Juyou
Published: November 2020

Phytosulfokines (PSKs) are plant peptide growth factors that participate in multiple biological processes, including cell elongation and immune signaling. However, little is known about PSKs in Rosaceae species. Here, we identified 10PSKgenes in pear (Pyrus bretschneideri), 11 in apple (Malus×domestica), four in peach (Prunus persica), six in strawberry (Fragaria vesca), and five in Chinese plum (Prunus mume). In addition, we undertook comparative analysis of thePSKgene family in pear and the four other species. Evolutionary analysis indicated that whole genome duplication events (WGD) may have contributed to the expansion of thePSKgene family in Rosaceae. Transcriptomes, reverse transcription-PCR and quantitative real-time-PCR analyses were undertaken to demonstrate thatPbrPSK2is highly expressed in pear pollen. In addition, by adding purifiedE. coli-expressed PbrPSK2 to pollen and using an antisense oligonucleotide approach, we showed that PbrPSK2 can promote pear pollen tube elongation in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, PbrPSK2 was found to mediate the production of reactive oxygen species to regulate pear pollen tube growth.
Fighting Coronavirus One Personality at a Time: Need for Structure, Trait Victimhood, and Adherence to COVID-19 Health Guidelines
Authors: Maaravi Yossi , Hameiri Boaz , Gur Tamar
Published: November 2020

Following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, authorities have issued several guidelines to curb the pandemic's disastrous effects. However, measures' effectiveness is dependent upon people's adherence to them. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the potential factors that explain guideline adherence. In the present brief research report, we investigated need for structure and trait victimhood, i.e., the tendency to feel like a victim, and their effect on fear of the pandemic, which in turn, predicted guideline adherence. Furthermore, the association between fear and guideline adherence was shaped by participants' global self-efficacy: higher levels of self-efficacy predicted more guideline adherence regardless of fear levels. The present findings may be relevant to health messaging endeavors aiming to improve compliance with guidelines.
Learning My Way: A Pilot Study of Navigation Skills in Cerebral Palsy in Immersive Virtual Reality
Authors: Biffi Emilia , Gagliardi Chiara , Maghini Cristina , Genova Chiara , Panzeri Daniele , Redaelli Davide Felice , Turconi Anna Carla
Published: November 2020

Purpose:Human navigation skills are essential for everyday life and rely on several cognitive abilities, among which visual-spatial competences that are impaired in subjects with cerebral palsy (CP). In this work, we proposed navigation tasks in immersive virtual reality (IVR) to 15 children with CP and 13 typically developing (TD) peers in order to assess the individual navigation strategies and their modifiability in a situation resembling real life.

Methods:We developed and adapted to IVR an application based on a 5-way maze in a playground that was to be navigated to find a reward. The learning process, navigation strategies, and adaptation to changes were compared between participants with CP and their TD peers and correlated with visual-spatial abilities and cognitive competences.

Results:Most participants with CP needed more attempts than TD participants to become proficient in navigation. Furthermore, the learning phase was correlated to visual-spatial memory but not with cognitive competences. Interestingly, navigation skills were comparable between groups after stabilization. While TD participants mainly relied on allocentric strategies based on environmental cues, egocentric (self-centered) strategies based on body motion prevailed in participants with CP. Furthermore, participants with CP had more difficulties in modifying their navigation strategies, caused by difficulties in executive processes beyond the visual-perceptual impairment, with an inefficient shift between implicit and explicit competences.

Conclusions:The navigation abilities in participants with CP seem to be different from their TD peers in terms of learning and adaptation to new conditions; this could deeply affect their everyday life and ultimately participation and inclusion. A regular assessing and focused rehabilitative plans could help to better navigate the environment and affect self-perception.
Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the Goal Orientation Scales in Ecuadorian Undergraduate Students
Authors: Barreno Segundo Napoleón , Veas Alejandro , Navas Leandro , Castejón Juan Luis
Published: November 2020

The present study aims to analyze the psychometric properties of the Goal orientation Scales (GOS; Skaalvik, 1997) in a sample of 2,170 Ecuadorian undergraduate students (M = 21. 97, SD = 3.61; 61.6% female). The Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis supported the four-factor structure of the GOS, and the scale exhibited an adequate factorial invariance for gender. The multidimensional Rasch analysis revealed that one item showed misfit, and the distribution of items did not correspond well with the levels of achievement goals. The current research addresses a formal gap related to the validation of the GOS in a Latin American country and provides advanced psychometric information to further improve the scale for its application to Spanish-speaking samples.
Structure-Aware Trail Bundling for Large DTI Datasets
Authors: Bouma Steven , Hurter Christophe , Telea Alexandru
Published: November 2020

Creating simplified visualizations of large 3D trail sets with limited occlusion and preservation of the main structures in the data is challenging. We address this challenge for the specific context of 3D fiber trails created by DTI tractography. For this, we propose to jointly simplify trails in both the geometric space (by extending and adapting an existing bundling method to handle 3D trails) and in the image space (by proposing several shading and rendering techniques). Our method can handle 3D datasets of hundreds of thousands of trails at interactive rate, has parameters for the most of which good preset values are given, and produces visualizations that have been found, in a small-scale user study involving five medical professionals, to be better in occlusion reduction, conveying the connectivity structure of the brain, and overall clarity than existing methods for the same data. We demonstrate our technique with several real-world public DTI datasets.