bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ПРОБЛЕМЫ СИСТЕМАТИЗАЦИИ РОССИЙСКОГО ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВА О МЕЖДУНАРОДНОМ ЧАСТНОМ ПРАВЕ
Authors: Казаков А. А.
Published: December 2021

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ПОНЯТИЕ ФЕДЕРАЛИЗМА И ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЕГО МОДЕЛЕЙ
Authors: Енгибарян В. Р.
Published: December 2021

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ВСЕМИРНАЯ КЛИМАТИЧЕСКАЯ ТРЕВОГА - ИМПЕРАТИВЫ БУЭНОС-АЙРЕСА
Authors: Детлефсен Ульрика
Published: December 2021

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Книга оставляет благоприятное впечатление (Рецензия на монографию З. Д. Еникеева "Принципы применения мер пресечения по уголовным делам". - Уфа, 1997)
Authors: Филатов В. П.
Published: December 2021

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СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКАЯ СТАБИЛЬНОСТЬ НА РУБЕЖЕ ВЕКОВ И ЕЕ ДОГОВОРНО- ПРАВОВОЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ (Договор по ПРО и насущные вопросы его статуса)
Authors: Романов В. П.
Published: December 2021

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ПРОБЛЕМА ОГРАНИЧЕНИЯ АКАДЕМИЧЕСКИХ СВОБОД
Authors: Блищенко И. П.
Published: December 2021

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НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ ОРГАН СОДЕЙСТВИЯ ИМПЛЕМЕНТАЦИИ МГП НА ВНУТРИГОСУДАРСТВЕННОМ УРОВНЕ: ОПЫТ РЕСПУБЛИКИ БЕЛАРУСЬ
Authors: Калугин В. Ю.
Published: December 2021

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МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ КОМИТЕТ КРАСНОГО КРЕСТА КАК ХРАНИТЕЛЬ МГП
Authors: Сандо Ив
Published: December 2021

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ОЦЕНКА УРОВНЯ ОЗЕЛЕНЕНИЯ ГОРОДА БИРОБИДЖАНА С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ МУЛЬТИСПЕКТРАЛЬНЫХ ДАННЫХ
Authors: Фетисов Д.М. , Жучков Д.В. , Горюхин М.В.
Published: December 2021

The urban greenness distribution between functional areas of a medium-size city Birobidzhan was assessed. To this end, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values were calculated based on Sentinel 2 multispectral imaging. Birobidzhan is characterized by a large scatter of NDVI values (from –0.5 to +1). Areas with high levels of greenery are prevalent. They are found in different types of functional zones, but are specific mainly to natural recreational, agricultural, and individual build-up zones as well as to special areas. The spatial distribution of green infrastructure is highly contrast. The downtown part as well as the industrial and storage zones feature a combination of built-up areas with dense woody vegetation, which is often represented by fragments of preserved natural vegetation. In addition, a feature of the contrast is that low level of tree greenness is characteristic for the built-up districts of the city. Thus, in the city of Birobidzhan, ecological functions are largely performed by the natural vegetation present in the natural recreational zones on 70% of the city's area.
Проблемы актуализации земледельческих практик в Ямало-Ненецком автономном округе
Authors: Абакумов Е.В. , Моргун Е.Н.
Published: December 2021

Agricultural practices in agrocenoses of different ages and in fallow lands of Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Region of the Russian Federation were studied with account for post-agrogenic transformations of soils under cryogenic conditions. Agricultural practices in the YNAR are much consistent with those in Finnish Lapland, Southern Greenland, and remote fishing villages in Alaska. Well-drained areas with sandy, light and medium loamy, sod-meadow or sod-podzolic soils, which are easily warmed and not floating in cases of heavy rainfall, are selected for gardens and fields. The depth of permafrost is reduced in plowed areas and depends on the age of their development. The content of available forms of phosphorus and potassium in the upper layer of fallow soils remains very high even through 5-20 years. The use of agricultural techniques, including mulching, drainage, and application of manure and compost derived from fish, increases soil fertility. Currently, agriculture in YNAR decays for such reasons as remoteness (logistics problems), dependence on weather conditions, difficulties in field cultivation, lack of market for agricultural products, and limited choice of products due to natural conditions and the specifics of the agricultural industry. The small indigenous peoples and the landscapes of the North are inseparable and may be sustainable only based on the traditional ways of life harmonized with the natural and social environments.
INCREASING THE VITAMIN VALUE OF YOGURT WITH THE HELP OF BERRIES OF THE LIPETSK REGION RETAIL CHAIN
Authors:   Bunin Yelets State University, Zakharov V.L. , Shchegol'kov N.F. ,   Lipetskaya Cattle Breeding Laboratory of the All-Russian Research Institute of Tribal Affairs, Zagryadskih E.S. ,   Bunin Yelets State University
Published: December 2021

The work is aimed at assessing the vitamin value of yogurt after adding berries from the Lipetsk region retail chain to its recipe. The addition of crushed strawberries, cherries, blueberries and cranberries to yogurt preserves the organoleptic characteristics of the product within the GOST 31981-2013 standard. The introduction of strawberries, cherries and cranberries into the yogurt recipe gives the product a light pink, and blueberries - a light blue color. Of the berries used, only cranberries did not give the yogurt any taste. This berry acidified yogurt to the greatest extent. All the added fruits reduced the density of yogurt, especially strawberries. Judging by the acidity of the yogurt, the shelf life at a temperature of 4 oC of the control sample, as well as with the addi-tion of blueberries and strawberries, was the longest – 7 days. On the 6th day, the cherry variant went beyond the standard for acidity, on the 5th day - the cranberry variant. Taking into account the organoleptic parameters, the shelf life of acidity and the content of nutrients in yogurt, it is necessary to single out the option with the addition of blueberries as the most successful.
THE EFFECT OF SHORT-TERM TEMPERATURE STRESS ON THE GERMINATION OF DILL SEEDS
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Growing - branch of the Federal Scientific Center of Vegetable Growing, Bukharov A.F. , Baleev D.N. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Vostrikov V.V. ,   Voronezh Vegetable Experimental Station - branch of the Federal Scientific Center for Vegetable Growing, Eremina N.A. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Growing - branch of the Federal Scientific Center of Vegetable Growing
Published: December 2021

New data on the process of germination of dill seeds of the first and second orders after short-term heat stress (40 ° C) have been obtained. Seed germination was carried out in a thermostat. Swollen seeds (four repetitions of 100 seeds) were exposed to a temperature of 40 ° C in accordance with the scheme of the experiment: 0 (control); 1; 2; 3; 4 and 5 days. After incubation, the seeds were transferred to standard (t = 20 ° C) conditions and germinated in Petri dishes on filter paper with-out access to light for 21 days. Methods of analysis of seed germination in dynamics are used. Log-logistic regression with three parameters was used to construct the seed germination curve: b, d, e. All statistical analyses were performed in R version 3.4.3. The duration of the action of high temperature, which has an inhibitory effect on the germination rate and the number of germinated seeds, was revealed. Seeds of the first order in the control and after incubation for 1-3 days germi-nated in a similar way, and with an increase in the incubation period to 4-5 days, the rate of ger-mination decreased sharply. The seeds of the second order were even less resistant to the action of a short high-temperature stressor, and when the seeds were incubated for 3 days and then trans-ferred to standard temperature conditions, germination did not occur. The germination time of 50% of seeds (T50) of the first order as a result of a sequential increase in the incubation period at 40 ° C increased from 0.92 ± 0.11 to 6.4 ± 0.49 (p<0.001) days, respectively. Seeds of the second order during incubation for 1-2 days also germinated significantly slower compared to the control, and in the future germination did not occur. The curves of changes in the index of maximum seed germination, especially for the second order of branching, had a sharp bend when the critical dose of the temperature factor was exceeded. After that, there was a sharp decrease in the speed of seed germination up to a complete stop. The maximum incubation time (at 40 ° C), after which germi-nation is possible under standard temperature conditions, was 3.69 ± 0.06 days for the first order, and 2.00 ± 0.19 days for the second order. The difference was significant at the significance level of p<0.001.
ANALYSIS OF MORPHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF SPRING WHEAT IN THE EXPERIMENT WITH ORGANIC FERTILIZERS
Authors:   Bunin Yelets State University, Lazarev M.A.
Published: December 2021

The aim of the study is to identify differences in the morphological parameters of spring wheat of the Darya variety, 3 reproductions in modern soil and climatic conditions of the northwestern part of the Central Chernozem region in the introduction of chicken manure at a dose of 30 kg/ha and semi-ripened cattle manure also at a dose of 30 kg/ha on leached medium loamy chernozem, char-acteristic of the northwestern part of the CDR. Differences in the morphological properties of spring wheat were revealed when applying an equal dose of fertilizers in a small-scale experiment with fertilizers. More developed plants were identified in the experiment with chicken manure, which indicates a more complex effect of chicken manure in the soil and climatic conditions of the north-west of the Central Chernozem region.
PROSES PEMBUATAN ARANG BATOK KELAPA DAN TULANG SAPI MENGGUNAKAN METODE PIROLISIS SEBAGAI MEDIA CARBURIZING
Authors: Ojahan Tumpal Ojahan , Miswanto Miswanto Miswanto , Sumardi Slamtt Sumardi
Published: December 2021

Fueled by a rise in food needs as beef and oil into basic commodities has been consumed by thepublic, has lead the increasing of waste the cows and coconut shell. The main ingredient used in thisresearch is a waste product from cow bones and from the remains of the coconut shells from which no orhousehold wastes, that can be processed into charcoal. The purpose of this research which is to enhanceeconomic value of waste from cow bones and coconut shells using combustion pyrolysis system beingcharred (fixed carbon) to produce good quality charcoal, to find out the extent of the temperature used andthe composition of charcoal. The process used in this research is pack carburizing with cow bones andcoconut shell as the media at the temperature 950oC, time detention three hours with variations compositioncharcoal. It can be concluded that charcoal bone across his cattle and charcoal coconut can be used as asource of carbon that might improve the force and hardness in the material carbon steel low (low carbonsteel). The process of pack carburizing can increase the value of % C, against low carbon steel material.
KARAKTERISASI TERMOKOPEL TIPE K PADA FASILITAS SIMULASI SISTEM FASSIP-02
Authors: Hatmoko Sumantri Hatmoko , Santosa Kussigit Santosa , Giarno Giarno Giarno , Haryanto Dedy Haryanto , Juarsa Mulya Juarsa , Kusuma M Hadi , Antariksawan Anhar Riza , Widodo Surip Widodo
Published: December 2021

In the activities of the Pratama Insinas, Ministry of Higher Education technology research in 2018, PTKRN BATAN built a testing facility that simulates a passive cooling system on the reactor core when there is a loss of outside power. The test facility is the Passive-02 System Simulation Facility (FASSIP02).In FASSIP-02 there are several parameters that need to be measured, one of which is temperature. In the measurement of temperature using a K type Thermocouple Connected to the National Instrument 9178 and 9213 modules that use computer programming with LabVIEW software. Temperature measurements need to be characterized.Characterization of type K thermocouples was carried out using thermobaths, 30 type K thermocouples, standard thermocouples,National Instrument modules 9178 and 9213 with computer programming displays using LabVIEW software. The method used for characterization oftype K thermocouples is a fixed temperature comparison method where the results of the temperature control of thermobath is 30-90 ͦC compared with the results of measurements from the type Kthermocouple and standard thermocouple. From the difference of the copper-wrapped junction tip thermocouple without the copper-wrapped and standard thermocouple produces a small error value, so the use of copper as a thermocouple junction end wrapper can be used as a temperature measurement FASSIP-02.
ANALISIS CETAKAN INJEKSI PLASTIK IMPELLER POMPA AIR PADA KAPAL NELAYAN APLIKASI CAD/CAE/CAM
Authors: Indah Nur Indah , Arrifin Ibnu Arrifin
Published: December 2021

Most of the fishermen in Indonesia, using pumps to drain water in the ship. The use of pumps insea water often lead to rapid corrosion, especially on the impeller. Impeller manufacture of plasticmaterials is an alternative to solve this problem. Stages in the designing mould of plastic impeller is with3D and 2D drawing, choose a suitable polymer material, making mold of product, selecting componentsof mold and simulating the result. In designing mould of plastic impeller used software to simulate theplastic mould with mould parameters plastic inserts to get the best results before the completion ofproduction. As for plastic injection machine that is used to clamp force 1000 ton capacity with 8 pieces ineach injection products and using nylon material, 281,1oC temperature parameters, 62 sec of cycle timeand 80,552 MPa pressure.
Hematoma do Recto Abdominal numa Enfermaria Médica: Série de Casos
Authors: Prayce Rita , Furtado Sofia , Dias Luís
Published: December 2021

Introdução: O hematoma do recto abdominal é uma entidade rara e causa incomum de dor abdominal. Apesar de habitualmente benigno, é potencialmente fatal, sobretudo em doentes idosos e hipocoagulados. Pretendemos estudar a ocorrência e apresentação clínica desta entidade, focando a sua relação com a terapêutica hipocoagulante.

Material e Métodos: Análise retrospetiva de uma série de casos observados num serviço de Medicina de um hospital terciário universitário e revisão da literatura. Foram incluídos doentes com diagnóstico de hematoma do recto abdominal de 2010 a 2018.

Resultados: No período de estudo foram identificados 9 casos em 14 730 admissões, com idade média de 78 ± 9 anos, 6 do sexo feminino. Todos apresentaram hematoma do recto abdominal espontâneo. Quarenta e quatro por cento foram graves, segundo a classificação de Berná e a mortalidade foi de 11%. A apresentação mais frequente foi dor abdominal com queda de hemoglobina (média de 3,7 ± 1,8 g/ dL) e confirmou-se o diagnóstico por tomografia computorizada. Todos os doentes estavam hipocoagulados. Os doentes sob dicumarínicos apresentaram INR supra-terapêutico (média 6,0 ± 2,6) e um factor precipitante (tosse), ao contrário dos doentes sob heparina de baixo peso molecular. Foi necessário reverter a anticoagulação em 6 casos. Cinco doentes tiveram alta hipocoagulados, sem recorrência de hematoma do recto abdominal.

Discussão/Conclusão: O hematoma do recto abdominal deve ser considerado no diagnóstico diferencial de dor abdominal em doentes anticoagulados. Apesar de ser uma complicação rara da terapêutica hipocoagulante, pode resultar num desfecho fatal. A administração correcta da heparina de baixo peso molecular, o controlo rigoroso do INR e a elevada suspeita clínica poderão contribuir para uma menor morbi-mortalidade.
The effectiveness of Applied Behavior Analysis training program for intervention teachers in Vietnam
Authors: Van Cong Tran , Nguyen Phuong Thi Hoai , Hoang Hue Thi Thanh
Published: December 2021

Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) is demonstrated as the most efficacious intervention for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in many pieces of paper (Stahmer, 2011). However, ABA has been neither officially educated in Vietnam nor studied to examine the ability of intervention teachers. In order to enhance the quality of intervention teachers in specialized centers, a basic training program was conducted, including a two-week tutorial and a three-month supervised practicum. One hundred thirty-one intervention teachers in Vietnam participated in this training, which comprised general knowledge, fundamental skills, and on-site practicing. The finding indicated that the knowledge about ABA is limited; there are differences between staff with different specialties. The training has a positive impact on raising awareness of ABA even though it was a short-period program. These findings serve as the foundation for introducing evidence-based methods such as ABA into practice for ASD and other developmental disorders in Vietnam.
Improving organizational commitment on millennial workers in startup business
Authors: Purba Sylvia Diana , Susetyo Triawan
Published: December 2021

This research investigates the effects of passion towards organizational commitment as a mediating role to career adaptability and engagement of millennial employees in startup companies. The convenience sampling method was used to collect data from 63 millennial employees of startup companies located in Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi by distributing questionnaires via Google Form. The data collected were then analyzed using path analysis and the results showed that passion has a direct and indirect effect on organizational commitment and employee engagement. Meanwhile, career adaptability does not affect partial meditation as an intervening variable. Conversely, passion positively and significantly affects career adaptability, employee engagement, and organizational commitment.
Ethical climate as foundation for internal corporate social responsibility and employee performance in Indonesian context during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ramdhan Rudy M. , Kisahwan Daniel , Winarno Alex , Hermana Deni
Published: December 2021

The research objective was to analyze the role of ethical climate as a foundation for internal Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and employee performance. The methodology used is a causal study to test the effect by using a survey of 400 employees Holding of state-owned defense, industry randomly selected nonmanagers. The results showed that ethical climate directs internal CSR activities as a realization of ethical awareness in the environment. Employees have an ethical responsibility to restore the goodness of the company to employees in real terms according to the company's demands in the form of optimal performance. The values, beliefs, and ethical atmosphere felt by employees are the reasons for implementing CSR. Internal CSR raises employees' awareness of the company's care and attention, which in turn increases the moral obligation to work optimally for the common good. Ethical climate is guidance for companies and individuals to be involved in collective efforts that can ensure sustainability. In conclusion, ethical climate has an influence on employee performance through CSR. The practical implication is to develop an ethical climate in the company to strengthen the company's internal CSR orientation. Its value contribution can explain the ethical climate function as a foundation for internal CSR concerning employee’s performance.
Authors: Safrudin Yunita Nugrahaini , Rahman Taufik
Published: December 2021

PT. XYZ is a manufacturing company that produces various types of metal-based products with a make to order system. One of them is the Back Top Plate 450/456 (BTP 450/456) part which is a component of refrigerators. In the period of February-November 2020, PT. XYZ produces 15,395 units of BTP 450/456. However, BTP 450/456 products have the highest percentage of defective products. The average percentage of defective products is 3.06%, while the tolerance for the number of defects determined by the company is 1%. This indicates a problem in the production process. The most types of defects in the production process of 450/456 are broken with a percentage of 41.88%. Based on Critical to Quality, the process stages that do not meet the requirements in the drawing process can cause various types of defects, such as wrinkles, breaks, miss-sizing, process failures, scratch and dents. The Fault Tree Analysis method is used to identify the root cause of the type of broken defect. The root of these problems includes the absence of a guide for setting dies, the machine being operated for a long time, operator negligence, and the incorrect position of the plastic. The proposed improvement given are determining the optimal engine pressure, designing dies setting guides for operators, evaluating and improving the maintenance process, analyzing new machine requirements, supervisors giving good directions to operators, periodic work evaluations to assess operator performance, designing visual displays as reminders for operators, and designing aids for positioning plastics on materials.
Measured Wound Outcome Feedback Improves Surgical Site Infection Rates
Authors: Bolton Laura
Published: December 2021

Feedback supports learning. No matter how effective medical professionals think they are, evidence of measured patient wound outcomes helps inform their wound care practice, empowering them to improve patient outcomes. Prospective randomized clinical trials (RCTs) proved this principle in relation to healing chronic wounds. Measuring wound healing outcomes and providing caregivers with feedback about the 4-week healing progress increased the percentage of diabetic foot ulcers healed within 20 weeks and venous leg ulcers healed within 24 weeks. Longitudinal research2 suggests this principle holds true in preventing surgical site infections (SSIs). When individual orthopedic surgeons were provided written feedback about their hand hygiene practices and corresponding SSI rates, surgeon hand hygiene improved and SSI rates in their patients were reduced. This Evidence Corner describes systematic review evidence indicating that feedback given to responsible wound care professionals reduced SSI incidence for patients undergoing orthopedic or trauma surgery3 and abdominal surgery.
Spor Bilimleri Alanındaki Akademik Personel İlanlarının İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi Açısından İncelenmesi: 2019-2020 Takvim Yılı Dönemi
Authors: TABUK Mustafa Ertan
Published: December 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı, 2019-2020 yılında akademik personel istihdam için verilen ilanların incelenmesidir. Araştırma doküman incelemesi yöntemi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu kapsamda, 112 üniversite tarafından verilen akademik ilanlar unvan ve bölüm bazında, vakıf ve kamu üniversitelerindeki hareketlilik açısından sınıflandırılmıştır. Verilen ilanlardaki özel şartlar sayı ve yüzde olarak tanımlanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında 2 yıllık sürede 604 kamu, 398 vakıf üniversitesinde 1002 adet ilan verilmiştir. İlanların 833’ü öğretim üyesi, 169’u öğretim elemanı unvanlarına yöneliktir. Araştırmada akademik personelin istihdamında insan kaynakları yönetimi planlaması ve stratejilerine dair bilgilere ulaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Tanımlayıcı bilgilerin sınıflandığı bu araştırmada elde edilen veriler ışığında üniversitelerin insan kaynakları yönetimi planlamasına yönelik net bir yaklaşım sergilediğinden söz edebilmek güçleşmektedir.
The Effect of 6 Week Nordic Hamstring Exercise on Sprint and Jumping Performance
Authors: GÜLÜ Mehmet , DOĞAN Ali Ahmet
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of 6-week eccentric hamstring strength training on vertical jump and sprint performance. There were 19 male active participants in the study, of which 10 were in the experimental group and 9 in the control group. Pre-test and post-test measurements of the participants in the study were taken. Participants' 5-m, 10-m and 30-meter sprint, vertical jump were measured. The SPSS 17.0 package program was used in the analysis of the data, and the test values of the participants were analyzed with the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test. According to the findings obtained from the research results, in the statistical comparison of the 5-m, 10-m and 30-meter sprint test results of the experimental group participants before and after the training, there was no significant difference between the 5-m sprint pre-test and post-test values of the participants in the research (p> 0.05), there was a significant difference between the 10m and 30m sprint test pre-test and post-test values (p< 0.05). As a result, Nordic hamstring training small to moderately improved both sprint and vertical jump performance.
Nanoscale electrochemical 3D deposition of cobalt with nanosecond voltage pulses in an STM
Authors: Reiser Alain , Schuster Rolf , Spolenak Ralph
Published: December 2021

To explore a minimal feature size of <100 nm with electrochemical additive manufacturing, we use a strategy originally applied to microscale electrochemical machining for the nanoscale deposition of Co on Au. The concept’s essence is the localization of electrochemical reactions below a probe during polarization with ns-long voltage pulses. As shown, a confinement that exceeds that predicted by a simple model based on the time constant for one-dimensional double layer charging enables a feature size of <50 nm for 2D patterning. We further indirectly verify the potential for out-of-plane deposition by tracking growth curves of high-aspect-ratio deposits. Importantly, we report a lack of anodic stability of Au tips used for patterning. As an inert probe is the prerequisite for controlled structuring, we experimentally verify an increased resistance of Pt probes against degradation. Consequently, the developed setup and processes show a path towards reproducible direct 2D and 3D patterning of metals at the nanoscale.
Formation of supramolecular nanostructures via in situ self-assembly and post-assembly modification of a biocatalytically constructed dipeptide hydrazide
Authors: Shintani Yuki , Ohtomi Taku , Shibata Aya , Kitamura Yoshiaki , Hirosawa Koichiro M. , Suzuki Kenichi G.N. , Ikeda Masato
Published: December 2021

The in situ self-assembly of a biocatalytically constructed dipeptide hydrazide gives rise to supramolecular hydrogels, consisting of networks of supramolecular nanoarchitectures, under mild aqueous conditions. Moreover, the post-assembly modification via hydrazone bond formation enables the decoration of the prefabricated supramolecular architectures.
Tandem Triphosgene-Assisted Metal-Free One-pot Preparation of Nitriles and Amides from Aldehydes and Ketones
Authors: liu Jianguo , Wei Xiu-Zhi , Ma Longlong
Published: December 2021

Here we report a facile and efficient triphosgene-assisted one-pot conversion of aldehydes/ketones into nitriles/amides. The triphosgene, a kind of phosgene alternative, containing both ester linkage and chloromethyl units, easily reacts with oximes for the preparation of nitriles/amides. However, the reaction of oximes with triphosgene can’t fully convert corresponding nitriles/amides due to hydrolysis of oximes to aldehydes or ketones. Our protocol tandem proceeds smoothly without the use of organic base and metal catalysts. Diverse functionalized aromatic, aliphatic, and allylic aldehydes/ketones incorporating biomass-derived platform compounds were successfully converted to nitriles and amides in excellent yields. Compared to step-by-step reaction, this tandem strategy is characterized by multi-step reaction in one pot, mild reaction conditions, and fewer by-products.
Reprogramming rat astrocytes into neurons using small molecules for cell replacement following intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Feng Yangyang , Bai Shuang , Li Gaigai , Nie Hao , Chen Shiling , Pan Chao , Zhang Ping , Tang Yingxin , Liu Na , Tang Zhouping
Published: December 2021

Astrocytes are promising source cells to replace neurons lost to disease owing to a shared lineage and capacities for dedifferentiation and proliferation under pathological conditions. Reprogramming of astrocytes to neurons has been achieved by transcription factor modulation, but reprogramming in vitro or in vivo using small‐molecule drugs may have several advantages for clinical application. For instance, small molecules can be extensively characterized for efficacy, toxicity, and tumorigenicity in vitro; induce rapid initiation and subsequent reversal of transdifferentiation upon withdrawal, and obviate the need for exogenous gene transfection. Here we report a new astrocyte–neuron reprogramming strategy using a combination of small molecules (0.5 mM valproic acid, 1 μM RepSox, 3 μM CHIR99021, 2 μM I‐BET151, 10 μM ISX‐9, and 10 μM forskolin). Treatment with this drug combination gradually reduced expression levels of astroglial marker proteins (glial fibrillary acidic protein and S100), transiently enhanced expression of the neuronal progenitor marker doublecortin, and subsequently elevated expression of the mature neuronal marker NeuN in primary astrocyte cultures. These changes were accompanied by transition to a neuron‐like morphological phenotype and expression of multiple neuronal transcription factors. Further, this drug combination induced astrocyte‐to‐neuron transdifferentiation in a culture model of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and upregulated many transdifferentiation‐associated signaling molecules in ICH model rats. In culture, the drug combination also reduced ICH model‐associated oxidative stress, apoptosis, and pro‐inflammatory cytokine production. Neurons derived from small‐molecule reprogramming of astrocytes in adult Sprague–Dawley rats demonstrated long‐term survival and maintenance of neuronal phenotype. This small‐molecule‐induced astrocyte‐to‐neuron transdifferentiation method may be a promising strategy for neuronal replacement therapy.
Efecto del Bypass gástrico en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus Tipo I
Authors: de Mora Flores Juan Sebastián , Toalombo Lombeida Jessenia Estefanía , Gavilánez Toalombo Elizabeth del Rocío , Goyes Faieta María Angiela
Published: December 2021

La obesidad es uno de los principales problemas de salud pública a nivel global. Las alarmantes tasas de sobrepeso y obesidad, y su tendencia al aumento deben impulsar la búsqueda de soluciones. Más de cuatro millones de personas mueren cada año por causas relacionadas con el sobrepeso o la obesidad. El sobrepeso puede dar lugar a la diabetes y sus trastornos conexos, en particular la ceguera, las amputaciones de extremidades y la necesidad de diálisis. En la búsqueda de nuevas modalidades terapéuticas de la diabetes, la cirugía bariátrica ha constituido la manera quirúrgica por medio de la cual se ha logrado la resolución o remisión de la diabetes. Con los años la cirugía bariátrica ha sufrido diversas modificaciones, de las cuales surgió el Bypass Gástrico, cuyo uso ha ido en aumento respecto a otras cirugías bariátricas, siendo en la actualidad una de las más realizadas en todo el mundo. En consecuencia, el propósito fundamental del presente estudio consiste en plasmar los efectos del Bypass gástrico en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1). El modelo de investigación es una revisión de tipo documental bibliográfico. De la revisión se desprende que el Bypass gástrico en pacientes con DM1, mejora diferentes parámetros de la enfermedad, tales como los requerimientos de insulina y la hemoglobina glicada, de lo que se deduce que la remisión o curación de la diabetes se produce por diversos mecanismos, no necesariamente implicados con la pérdida de peso. Asimismo, es recomendable tras esta cirugía bariátrica que los pacientes mantengan un control glucémico óptimo para prevenir complicaciones a largo plazo relacionados con la enfermedad.
Consumo de alcohol durante la pandemia COVID-19 en América Latina y el Caribe
Authors: Villacis Pérez Blanca Azucena , Camacho Martínez Daniela Soledad , Narváez Cevallos Franklin Emilio , Adriana Belén Camacho Martínez
Published: December 2021

Los adultos y niños en situaciones de emergencia padecen una gran variedad de problemas mentales y neurológicos y de trastornos relacionados con el uso de sustancias psicoactivas. La mayoría siente pesadumbre y dolor psíquico agudo, que se consideran respuestas psicológicas normales y pasajeras a situaciones muy adversas. En los estudios de ámbito nacional en la Región de las Américas se describe un aumento del desasosiego, la depresión, la ansiedad y el insomnio, entre otros, como resultado de la pandemia de COVID-19 Con la finalidad de conocer las repercusiones en la población de América Latina y el Caribe se ha realizado una investigación acerca del consumo de alcohol a fin de conocer la situación actual en la región y en dado caso exponer el nivel de interés y atención que se ha de prestar para enfrentar una consecuencia mas de la pandemia con la COVID-19.Aun no hemos terminado de conocer los efectos de la COVID-19, la aparición de variantes y las modificaciones en la etiología de la enfermedad nos mantiene en alerta por tanto también es muy temprano conocer completamente cuales son los efectos emocionales que se reflejan en la población. América Latina y el Caribe tiene unas características económicas, políticas, culturales y sociales particulares que deben ser estudiadas con la rigurosidad que merece el caso, hasta los momentos los estudios disponibles en español en cuando al consumo de alcohol y las implicaciones psico-emocionales padecidas por la pandemia de la COVID-19 se limitan a México principalmente, Argentina y Brasil. Ha de ser menester de los procesos investigativos diseñar los instrumentos que revelen un mapa mas exacto de la situación en la actualidad en donde se puede tomar como apoyo los estudios realizados en Asia y Europa quienes demuestran atención investigativa hacia el tema.
Aneurismas de arteria comunicante anterior. A propósito de caso clínico en Hospital clínica San Francisco
Authors: Díaz Recalde Eddy Xavier , De la Pared Ramírez Mario Fernando , Jaramillo Wong Omar Josué , Macías Sabando María Matilde
Published: December 2021

Los aneurismas cerebrales son patologías frecuentes en la práctica neuroquirúrgicas, y teniendo un impacto socio económico por su morbimortalidad en el evento de ruptura. Los aneurismas de Comunicante anterior (AcomA) representan el 25-30% de los aneurismas rotos, siendo los que mayor tasa de ruptura tienen dentro del circuito anterior. Se trata de paciente femenino de 51 años de. Refiere cefalea pulsátil de moderada intensidad hace 48 horas que se exacerbo agregándose nauseas que llevan al vomito en 2 ocasiones, se le realiza tomografía de cerebro evidenciando hemorragia subaracnoidea en cisternas de la base, cisuras silvianas de predominio izquierdo. Se realiza reconstrucción tomografica de cerebro en donde se observa aneurisma cerebral. Debido a ello y por el alto riesgo de ruptura de aneurisma cerebral y con ello coma, se decide ingreso a uci 3. En el caso de estudio se ha presentado una hemorragia subaracnoidea con clasificación de sangrado intracraneal Fisher II y una escala de severidad HUNT HESS grado I, como consecuencia de una aneurisma cerebral comunicante anterior, la sintomatología referida por la paciente al momento del ingreso al centro de salud es una cefalea moderada a intensa que se corresponde con lo descrito en la literatura, aunque la misma no presenta rigidez en la nuca. El procedimiento quirúrgico realizado fue embolizacion de aneurisma por medio de depósitos de espirales de platino (coils) colocados en el seno del aneurisma, tratamiento ampliamente utilizado y que va a acorde a lo descrito en la literatura. Sin embargo la paciente presenta otras aneurismas que requieren la colocación de stents, las cuales serán realizadas cuando la paciente este estable.
Shock séptico foco abdominal secundario a colangitis caso clínico en Hospital Clínica San Francisco
Authors: Macas Noblecilla Jonathan Alexander , Adrián Cajas Andrea Jakeline , Aguilera Nieto Johannya Stefanie , García Arteaga Martín Federico
Published: December 2021

La colangitis aguda es una infección de las vías biliares con alto potencial de gravedad de no ser manejada adecuadamente, su etiología principal es la coledocolitiasis que, acompañada de la obstrucción de la vía biliar y la colonización bacteriana secundaria, desencadenan un proceso infeccioso que puede conducir a una evolución tórpida y desenlace fatal. Se presenta caso clínico de paciente masculino de 91 años de edad, con cuadro clínico de más o menos 4 días de evolución caracterizado por dolor abdominal intenso en hipocondrio derecho con irradiación epigastrio, disnea, desvanecimiento, malestar general, por lo que es llevado a Hospital Clínica San Francisco, donde permaneció ingresado por 24 horas. Notan signos de deshidratación, hemodinamicamente inestable, estuporoso, con leve tinte ictérico, luego de realizar todos los estudios respectivos es diagnosticado con choque séptico foco biliar (colecistitis) con SDMO. Paciente presento parada cardiaca como consecuencia del shock séptico, y que no pudo ser intervenido quirúrgicamente para realizar colecistectomía por presentar trombocitopenia severa, se declara su muerte, en este particular la muerte del paciente y en base al cuadro grave que presentaba más la edad, son factores determinantes para una alta mortalidad, como lo indica la literatura, el paciente presento niveles plaquetarios por debajo de 7000 mm3, aun cuando fue transfundido con hemoderivados y su conteo plaquetario subió a 18000 mm3, esto confirma la trombocitopenia (valores menores a 150.000 mm3), y que entra dentro del criterio de porcentaje de mortalidad (9,8%) de la colangitis cuando el nivel plaquetario está por debajo de los 100.000 mm3.
Amiotrofia Monomiélica. Apropósito de un caso
Authors: Orbea Jácome Edison Andrés , Orbea Jácome Luis Fernando , Basantes Orbea Ana Belén , Naranjo Vásconez Diego Andrés
Published: December 2021

La amiotrofia monomiélica es un trastorno neurológico poco común que produce atrofia de una extremidad. La afección de la extremidad superior es más frecuente que la extremidad inferior, esta entidad clínica predomina en el sexo masculino. Se presenta caso clínico de Varón, 52 años de edad, referido para evaluación por debilidad y atrofia de mano derecha. Su historia comenzó cerca de un año antes, con paresia inducida por el frio, parestesias del ante brazo seguido de debilidad en su mano que progresó hacia su antebrazo y brazo derecho. El diagnostico luego de la exploración física más los exámenes de imágenes, confirman que hay un signo de afectación de la neurona motora inferior (monomélica), y como posibilidad lejana una afectación C7-C8-T1. No se encuentran signos de afectación al plexo. En base a la literatura consultada, se desprende que la Amiotrofia Monomiélica es una enfermedad de progreso lento, que afecta a hombres después de los 30 años, aseveración que va acorde con la edad del paciente, expuesto en el caso clínico presentado en esta investigación, así como los síntomas presentados en cuanto a la disminución de fuerza en las extremidades superiores, que le puede dar un carácter de degenerativa. Tiene muy pocas opciones de tratamiento, ya que no es una enfermedad que genere dolor, sin embargo, dentro de la literatura se indica como opción terapéutica la rehabilitación física de leve a moderada, existiendo todavía muchas ambigüedad y discusión en cuanto a su efectividad en la fuerza muscular.
Elastyczność zasady zrównoważonego rozwoju w kontekście adaptacji do zmian klimatu
Authors: Rakoczy Bartosz
Published: December 2021

Zasada zrównoważonego rozwoju, choć stanowi fundament nowoczesnych rozwiązań w zakresie ochrony środowiska i ochrony klimatu, nie jest celem samym w sobie, a jedynie środkiem, sposobem lub metodą osiągania celu. Istota jej polega na godzeniu ze sobą oraz normatywnym i faktycznym urzeczywistnianiu wartości prawnie chronionych, które pozostają ze sobą w naturalnym konflikcie.

Miejsce i rola zasady zrównoważonego rozwoju w prawie ochrony środowiska nie jest kwestionowana. Natomiast badań wymaga jej znaczenie i rola w prawie klimatycznym, które aspiruje do samodzielnego obszaru prawa.

Koncyliacyjny charakter zasady zrównoważonego rozwoju w istocie powoduje, że cechuje ją daleko idąca elastyczność. Przy niezmienionej treści normatywnej pozwala ona reagować na zróżnicowane stany faktyczne. To stanowi o jej atrakcyjności tym bardziej, że obecnie klimat podlega daleko idącym zmianom, na które prawodawca musi reagować.

Przykładem takich skutków zmian klimatycznych, których zasada zrównoważonego rozwoju dotyczy, są uchodźcy klimatyczni.

Zmiany klimatyczne wymagają od prawodawcy skoncentrowania się na trzech aspektach – na normatywnym regulowaniu przyczyn zmian klimatycznych, na normatywnym regulowaniu skutków zmian klimatycznych i na normatywnym regulowaniu zapobiegania zmianom klimatycznych w przyszłości. Zasada zrównoważonego rozwoju i mieszcząca się w niej elastyczność – przy czym w przypadku pierwszych dwóch grup zagadnień zasada zrównoważonego rozwoju odnosi się do konfliktów aksjologicznych – pozwala rozstrzygać te konflikty w taki sposób, aby wszystkie skonfliktowane wartości mogły funkcjonować pararelnie. Natomiast ostatnia grupa wiąże się z tym, że zasada zrównoważonego rozwoju służy urzeczywistnianiu relacji międzypokoleniowych w wymiarze klimatycznym.

Tym samym nie można mieć wątpliwości, że w kontekście zmian klimatycznych zasada zrównoważonego rozwoju pełni szczególną i wyjątkową funkcję, pozwalającą te zmiany zintegrować i poddawać prawnym regulacjom.
Klimat a ochrona gruntów rolnych i leśnych przy ustalaniu lokalizacji inwestycji w oparciu o przepisy ogólne na obszarach nieobjętych miejscowym planem zagospodarowania przestrzennego
Authors: Małysa-Sulińska Katarzyna
Published: December 2021

Jako przyczynę narastających zmian klimatycznych wskazuje się m.in. zabudowywanie coraz większych obszarów, w tym również gruntów rolnych i leśnych. W niniejszym artykule podjęto próbę ustalenia, czy obowiązujące w Polsce regulacje normatywne stanowiące podstawę dla przeznaczania terenów pod zabudowę chronią grunty rolne i leśne, a przez to klimat. Ich analiza wykazała, że ustawodawca dopuszcza stopniową zabudowę tych gruntów, co oznacza, że w tym zakresie nie podjęto kroków mających na celu zatrzymanie bądź spowolnienie procesu zmian klimatycznych.
Voces de la trasgresión: los discursos femeninos en las cárceles coloniales de Santafé, 1780-1801
Authors: Ariza Martínez Juan Sebastián
Published: December 2021

El objetivo de esta aproximación es analizar los discursos y argumentos utilizados por las mujeres presas o con seres queridos retenidos en las cárceles de Santafé para conseguir beneficios que les permitieran sobrellevar la situación de encierro y aislamiento. De esta manera se busca identificar, por un lado, cómo aprovecharon su condición femenina para obtener beneficios y, por el otro, analizar el uso de tácticas destinadas a persuadir a las autoridades o a obtener la salida temporal de la cárcel. Para ello se establece un diálogo con investigaciones que han trabajado el tema de la trasgresión femenina, así como el uso de tácticas y estrategias con fines específicos. Este capítulo parte de la idea de la cárcel en el Antiguo Régimen como el lugar de retención y custodia de los criminales, y se sirve de los postulados de Michel de Certeau, quien asocia las tácticas a un mecanismo carente de poder, a partir del cual se obtienen beneficios temporales y sorpresivos
“Ocurrí a vuestra merced demandando verbalmente por los alimentos”. Madres, hijos ilegítimos y justicia en las provincias de Cartagena y Santa Marta, 1763-179
Authors: Álvarez Hernández Lea Raquel
Published: December 2021

Este texto aborda casos de mujeres de distintas condiciones que se dirigieron ante las justicias del Nuevo Reino de Granada para interponer demandas contra algunos hombres que, según ellas, no cumplían los deberes propios de padres y/o esposos. Usaron los discursos de la época sobre lo que debía ser una recta administración de justicia con el fin de obtener dictámenes judiciales que las favorecieran en sus reclamos. De esa manera se convirtieron en actoras importantes ante los tribunales a los que recurrieron para exigir sus derechos
Effects of Maternal Vitamin D Deficiency on Osteopenia of Prematurity in Very Low Birth Weight Premature Infants
Authors: DURSUN Mesut , KAVUNCUOĞLU Sultan
Published: December 2021

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of maternal vitamin D deficiency on osteopenia of prematurity in very low birth weight premature infants. Methods: This study was conducted on 60 premature infants born before 32 weeks
of gestation with a birth weight < 1,500 g. Infants whose mothers had a 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD) level < 40 nmol/L were assigned to group 1 (n = 30), while those with a 25-OHD level ≥ 40 nmol/L were assigned to
group 2 (n = 30). Serum calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were measured on the first postnatal day, and weekly during hospitalization. Tubular phosphate reabsorption (TRP), femoral radiographs, and serum
urea, creatinine, calcium, phosphate, and ALP were evaluated after 40 weeks of gestation. Two values of ALP > 800 IU/L, at least 1 week apart, was considered diagnostic of osteopenia. Results: Osteopenia of prematurity was detected
in five patients (16.7%) in group 1, and two patients (6.7%) in group 2. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups, except for lower phosphate levels in group 1 (p = 0.04). Conclusions: Macro-mineral
deficiencies could play a key role in the development of osteopenia of prematurity. Maternal vitamin D deficiencies can have a negative impact on bone metabolism and phosphate levels in infants.
Internal Limiting Membrane Flap Transplantation into the Optic Disc Pit with Two Different Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling Techniques in Optic Disc Pit Maculopathy
Authors: Fatih KÜÇÜK Mehmet , EROL Muhammet Kazım
Published: December 2021

Purpose: To report four patients with optic disc pit-maculopathy (ODP-M) treated with transplantation of internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap, obtained by two different ILM peeling techniques, into the optic disc pit (ODP). Method
and Patients: One eye of 4 patients with ODP-M underwent 23 gauge pars plana vitrectomy. Three patients underwent ILM peeling, free ILM flap transplantation to ODP, and 15-17% perfluoropropane (C3F8) gas tamponade. In these 3 patients,
the ILM was transplanted to ODP after complete peeling. In one patient, the nasal fragment of the ILM was left unpeeled and then the peeled ILM flap was folded over the unpeeled portion and transplanted into ODP. Results: Serous
macular detachment and intraretinal multilayered fluid regressed at the end of the postoperative 3rd month in all cases. In all patients, macular thickness decreased and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) increased in the postoperative
3rd month. An unexpected macular hole (MH) developed in two patients (Case 2, 3). In one of these patients, MH was closed by peeling the wider ILM, and it was observed that BCVA increased. Conclusions: ILM flap transplantation
to ODP has been observed as an effective surgical technique for the treatment of ODP-M. In addition, a wider ILM peeling was