bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geometric-phase intraocular lenses with multifocality
Authors: Song Seok Ho
Published: June 2022

We demonstrate a new type of multifocal and extended depth of focus (EDOF) intraocular lenses (IOLs) embedding μm-thin geometric phase (GP) lens layers. As an emerging approach for lens phase design, the GP modulated IOLs outperform conventional diffractive IOLs in multifocality while completely avoiding the clinically undesirable demand for additional surface patterns to standard monofocal IOL designs. The number of foci and light splitting ratio of the GP IOLs are adjusted by changing the number of stacked GP layers and the thickness of each layer. Bifocal and trifocal GP IOLs are fabricated by radial alignment of anisotropic orientation in UV-curable liquid crystal polymers. After characterizing the defocus image and modulation transfer function of the GP IOLs, it is expected that GP IOLs will alleviate the most common problems associated with multifocal and EDOF IOLs, blurred vision and photic phenomena caused by light scattering and posterior capsule opacification.
PRDX6 knockout restrains the malignant progression of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: li hong , Zhong lei Ru , Zhang kun Qi , chen xing Qi , Wu sheng Zheng , Shen xian Yu
Published: June 2022

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) has a poor prognosis. The bifunctional protein peroxiredoxin6 (PRDX6), which has both calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, participates in the development of multiple tumors. However, the function and clinical significance of PRDX6 in ICC remain unclear. In this study, we characterized PRDX6 in both human ICC and thioacetamide-induced rat ICC. We found PRDX6 was significantly increased in ICC tissues, compared with the peritumoral tissues, and PRDX6 expression level was positively correlated with the malignant phenotype in ICC patients. Furthermore, PRDX6 genetic knockout significantly inhibited the tumor progression. By using RNA sequencing analysis, we found 127 up-regulated genes and 321 down-regulated genes after PRDX6 knockout. In addition, we noticed a significant repression in the Wnt7a/b cascade, which has been shown to play an important role in the occurrence of ICC. We confirmed that gene expressions in the Wnt7a/b cascade were inhibited in ICC tissues after PRDX6 knockout by using qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry analysis. Collectively, our findings suggest that PRDX6 may promote ICC by regulating the
Identification of SBP Gene Family and Analysis of Expression Patterns under salt stress in Quinoa 1
Authors: Hou Wei-hai , Wang Jian-ling , Zhang Zong-yu , Haq Inzamam Ul , Feng Xibo
Published: June 2022

This study identified the SQUAMOSA Promoter Binding Proteins transcription factor SBP from the whole genome of Quinoa by analyzing the phylogenetic relationship, gene structure, chromosome location and gene replication, upstream cis-regulatory element, tissue expression, and construction of the SBP protein interaction network, as well as analyzing the characteristics of the SBP tissue expression pattern under salt stress. It serves as the foundation for the study and application of Quinoa SBP. The results showed that 23 genes of the CqSBP family were identified by bioinformatics analysis, and their amino acid physical and chemical properties showed diversity. The family proteins were hydrophilic, and the subcellular localization showed that 23 CqSBPs were located in the nucleus. The SBP family genes are unevenly distributed on the 12 chromosomes of Quinoa; the upstream cis-acting element analysis shows that there are 49 elements with plant hormones, stress, light response, and tissue-specific expression, and all CqSBPs contain one or more TATA box elements. Protein interaction network analysis shows that all CqSBP proteins appear in the known interaction network of Arabidopsis; the expression of different SBP genes in different organs and periods of Quinoa is different, and the expression of SBP genes has certain tissue specificity. The expression of CqSBP showed many changes under salt stress.
Time-Tracking-based Research of Drug Development in Pharmaceutical Fields ——A Case Study on Metformin
Authors: Wu Shengnan , Dong Jizong , Sun Yidan , Gao Jian , Tian Ruonan , Yu Qi
Published: June 2022

[Purpose/Significance]: At present, the bibliometric analysis methods used in the field of medicine are difficult to dig deeply into the text content, and most of them still stay in the stage of macroscopic analysis of the text. This paper adopts an analysis method of time-tracking, taking the text of metformin drugs as an example, through further mining of the text content, which is helpful to deeply explore the life cycle of drugs, research overview in different periods, changes in drug therapeutic uses, research hotspots, and explore the reuse potential of future drugs in new fields. [Method/Process]: In view of the shortcomings of the current research methods of text mining in the field of medicine, we extracted the inspection labels, subtitles and indexing terms of all metformin drugs texts included in the Pubmed database from 1959 to 2020. Using the correspondence analysis, cluster analysis and statistical methods to conduct dimensionality reduction of the data, and explore the information behind the text by a more microscopic way.[Result]: The paper revealed the characteristics and reasons of metformin drugs in the process of entire historical development. It was found that metformin has drug reposition value in the treatment of obesity, cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, polycystic ovary syndrome, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, altering gut microbiome composition and anti-aging, etc. And it predicted that metformin may have the drug reuse potential in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, neurodegenerative diseases and androdegenerative alopecia, etc. At the same time, the study of AMPK hypoglycemic mechanism will become the focus and hotspot of other hypoglycemic drug research and development institute. [Conclusion]: The experimental results prove that the analysis method of time-tracking can effectively test the drug research overview.
A Noval Approach towards Neuro Acoustic Loops & their intervention in various Neuro Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Aasim Shahzad , Ahmad Suhail , Butt Muheet , Wani Hilal , Fatima Rifat , Ganie Abdul , Dar Nizam Ud Din
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Acoustic signals are not transmitted to the brain wholly by contrivances of the ear but influences us through the mediums of skin, bones, and viscera. The ear is awfully subtle to vibrations in the air and conveys the tessellations of these vibrations in a form that the brain distinguishes as sound and speech. The medical devices are being developed that consume high-intensity focused acoustic signals as a non-invasive method for diagnostics and treatment of various psychiatric ailments. The major benefit of these sound or music & acoustic signals that offers the technique so readily to use in non-invasive therapy is its ability to breach deep into the human body and supply to a specific site thermal or mechanical energy with sub-millimetre accuracy. In this paper an attempt is made to study the intervention of these sound frequencies in general and their effects on neuro-psychiatric mechanisms and allied phenomenon. The quantification of specific frequencies (Acoustic loops) which will ameliorate the various disorders after their identification can also be correlated with various biochemical parameters that will be analysed with regards to the changes effected by these interventions. The proposed research work might provide a novel approach of treatment for neuro psychiatric disorders using the above stated measures using acoustic loops intervention that uses specific spectral frequencies to trigger effective and discernible changes in the subjects/patients suffering from neuropsychiatric ailments etc. The work intends to provide the effect of the above mentioned on 50 subjects which are taken in isolation wherein the results are quite demanding.
The Exports of Knowledge Intensive Services. A Complex Metric Approach
Authors: Leogrande Angelo , Costantiello Alberto , Laureti Lucio
Published: June 2022

In the following article, the value of the "Knowledge Intensive Services Exports in Europe" in 36 European countries is estimated. The data were analyzed through a set of econometric models or: Poled OLS, Dynamic Panel, Panel Data with Fixed Effects, Panel Data with Random Effects, WLS. The results show that “Knowledge Intensive Services Exports” is negatively associated, among others, with "Buyer Sophistication", "Government Procurement of Advanced Technology Products", and positively associated with the following variables i.e. "Innovation Index", "Sales Impacts" and "Total Entrepreneurial Activity". Then a clusterization with k-Means algorithm was made with the Elbow method. The results show the presence of 3 clusters. A network analysis was later built and 4 complex network structures and three structures with simplified networks were detected. To predict the future trend of the variable, a comparison was made with eight different machine learning algorithms. The results show that prediction with Augmented Data-AD is more efficient than prediction with Original Data-AD with a reduction of the mean of statistical errors equal to 55,94%.JEL Classification: O30; O31, O32; O33; O36.
Life cycle exposure to cyhalofop-butyl induced reproductive toxicity toward zebrafish
Authors: Zhou Tao , Wang Siwen , Li Dong
Published: June 2022

Cyhalofop-butyl (CyB) is an herbicide widely used in paddy fields, which may transfer to aquatic ecosystems and cause harm to aquatic organisms. In this study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to CyB (0.1, 1 and 10 ug/L) related to the environment throughout its adult life cycle from embryo to sexual maturity. The effects of CyB on zebrafish growth, reproduction and offspring development were studied. It was found that female spawning was inhibited and adult male fertility decreased. In addition, we detected the expression of sex steroid hormones and genes related to hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad-liver (HPGL) axis. After 150days of exposure, the hormone balance of parent zebrafish (F0) was disturbed and the concentrations of 17β- estradiol (E2) and vitellogenin (VTG) in zebrafish were decreased. F1 embryos showed abnormal developmental results, including decreased heart rate, decreased body length, spontaneous motor inhibition, while the developmental abnormalities of F1 embryos were relieved when exposed to CyB-free clear water. The change of sex hormone is regulated by gene expression related to HPGL axis. These results confirmed that long-term exposure to CyB in the environmental concentrations can damage the reproductive capacity of F0 generation zebrafish by disrupting the transcription of genes related to HPGL axis, which may lead to abnormal development of F1. Overall, these data may provide a new understanding of the reproductive toxicity of zebrafish parents and offspring after long-term exposure to CyB.
ROLE OF WOMEN IN SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF NATION
Authors:   M.com, (UGC-SET, UGC-NET), Assistant Professor, Prerna College of Commerce, Reshimbag, Nagpur., D. Choudhari Bhagyashri
Published: June 2022

India has experienced rapid growth and development in recent years the contributors are various behind overall development of a particular country.And women now play major role in socio economic development of India,not only household but the job responsibilities also fulfill by our women very effectively .As compare the men women contributes equal contribution to nation building,by doing various job in every sector women define their duties due to rapid industrialization, gender equality, education of women is the key points behind women empowerment. Women can also contribute to the social welfare of the country. Women friendly policies and laws will be framed as a result of this. This can change the way the world. There are number of women entrepreneurs in India who stand in the row of successful women industrialisties.
TO ASSESS THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE REGARDING SELECTED MINOR AILMENTS OF PREGNANCY AND ITS REMEDIAL MEASURES AMONG ANTENATAL WOMEN ATTENDING ANTENATAL OPD AT DOON MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL, DEHRADUN
Authors:   M.Sc (N) Student, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing, State College of Nursing, Dehradun, Uttarakhand., Arya Namita , Treesa Joseph Little ,   Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing, State College of Nursing, Dehradun, Uttarakhand.
Published: June 2022

A study was conducted to assess the level of knowledge regarding selected minor ailments of pregnancy and its remedial measures among antenatal women attending antenatal OPD at Doon medical college and hospital, Dehradun in a view to develop information booklet. A descriptive research design was used for the study. The study samples were 150 antenatal women attending antenatal OPD at Doon medical college and hospital. Participants were selected by using non-probability convenient sampling technique. Self structured knowledge questionnaire was administered for the assessment. The study results shows that majority of women 70 (46.7%) were having moderate knowledge, 55 (36.7%) women have inadequate and 25 (16.6%) have adequate knowledge regarding minor ailments of pregnancy and their remedial measures. Area wise knowledge score shows that majority of mothers having adequate knowledge regarding backache, followed by fatigue and sleeplessness with Mean 10.68%, Mean percentage 44.5% and Standard deviation 5.125. The chi- square test done at 0.05 level of significance revealed association of knowledge score with all demographic variables i.e Age, education, occupation, type of family, family income, area of residence, gravid, gestational week, previous knowledge and source of information.Findings stress the need of health education in hospital and community to improve the knowledge of pregnant women.
ARTERIAL BLOOD GAS ANALYSIS PROFILE IN EXTREMELY PREMATURE NEONATES ADMITTED IN A TERTIARY CARE NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
Authors:   Resident in Pediatrics, BJGMC, Pune., Deshmukh Nayanratna , Deshmukh Isha ,   Assistant Professor, BJGMC, Pune., Dawre Rahul ,   Associate Professor, BJGMC, Pune., Kinikar Aarti ,   Head of the Department- Pediatrics, BJGMC, Pune.
Published: June 2022

Early studies suggest an association of abnormal carbon dioxide (PCO2) or oxygen (PO2) levels with adverse inpatient outcomes in very preterm babies. Recent resuscitation practice changes, such as targeted oxygen therapy, end-expiratory pressure, and rescue surfactant may influence these associations. The aim of this study is to assess the range of the initial partial pressures of PCO2 and PO2 in extremely preterm neonates (<1 kg) after birth and their correlation to inpatient neonatal outcomes.
Moderating role of leadership on factors influencing tax administration efficiency
Authors: Al-Harethi Abobakr , Abdul Aziz Saliza , Ibrahim Idawati
Published: June 2022

The current study targets to examine the relations between motivation, attitude, job satisfaction, and tax administration efficiency with leadership as a moderator from the tax employee’s perspective using the Yemeni environment. The questionnaires were distributed among 505 employees of the Yemeni Tax Authority as part of the survey technique, exactly from six governorates. As a result, 306 questionnaires were appropriated for further analysis. Respondent data were analyzed using SPSS.23 and PLS software. The analysis results manifest that motivation, attitude, and job satisfaction significantly influence tax administration efficiency. Whereas motivation presents about 40% of the influence, attitude is about 31% of the influence, and job satisfaction is about 15% of the influence on the efficiency of tax administration. Furthermore, for the influence of leadership as a moderating variable, it was found to moderate the impact of job satisfaction and attitude on tax administration efficiency (β = 0.157; P < .001; β = 0.105; P < .01). On the contrary, the findings also show that leadership cannot moderate the correlation between motivation and tax administration efficiency (β = –0.061; P > .05). The findings of this study are helpful for the tax administration in the context of Yemen.
AcknowledgmentsIt is our pleasure to thank Seiyun University and Universiti Utara Malaysia for their continuous support in the completion of this work. Appreciation also goes out to the anonymous reviewers, who had supplied excellent advice and comments.
Inovação No Setor Público: Mapeando o Campo e as Temáticas da Produção Científica Brasileira na Área de Administração
Authors: Silva Marcio Roque dos Santos da , Oliveira Jeovana , Franca Veruschka Vieira , Luft Maria Conceição Melo Silva , Olave Maria Elena Leon
Published: June 2022

Este artigo tem por objetivo investigar como a temática de inovação no setor público, compreendendo o setor como o ambiente do funcionalismo público, tem se configurado no campo da produção científica da área de Administração nos últimos 10 anos no Brasil. Metodologicamente, realizou-se uma pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, de abordagem mista, a partir de um levantamento sobre o estado da arte na literatura em periódicos científicos indexados nas bases de dados Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO e SPELL, utilizando-se de procedimentos bibliométricos. Os resultados evidenciam o crescimento significativo no tocante ao interesse de pesquisa sobre a temática em tela. Além disso, realçam temáticas como inovação aberta, inovação em gestão, inovação baseadas em TICs, inovações em serviços e estudos exploratórios sobre inovação. Por meio dos achados, foi possível identificar lacunas de estudos acerca de temáticas como o uso de hackathons em organizações públicas, inovações institucionais de caráter participativo e inovação em compras públicas. Dessa forma, a presente pesquisa contribui no tocante à caracterização das produções científicas, a apresentação das principais temáticas discutidas e os direcionamentos para o avanço das investigações acerca da inovação no setor público brasileiro no campo da Administração.
TÜRKÇE-RUMCA MANZUM SÖZLÜKLER DİZİSİ II: TUHFE-İ RUMÎ
Authors: ÖLKER Gökhan
Published: June 2022

Dilin söz varlığını en iyi yansıtan yapıtlar hiç şüphesiz sözlüklerdir. Bilim dalı olarak kabul edilen sözlük bilimi (leksikografi-lehicography), bir dilin ya da karşılaştırmalı olarak çeşitli dillerin söz varlığını sözlük biçiminde ortaya koymaya yönelen, bu amaçla yöntemler koyarak uygulama yolların gösteren bilim dalıdır. Günümüzde farklı amaçlar için çok çeşitli sözlükler hazırlanmaktadır. Bu sözlük türlerinden “tersten dizim sözlükler” gibi bazılarının hazırlanışı daha yeniyken “Divanu Lugati’t-Türk” gibi ansiklopedik sözlüklerin tarihi ise daha eskiye dayanmaktadır. Manzum gramer kitaplarına ve sözlüklere, on birinci yüzyıldan itibaren rastlanır. Manzum sözlüklerin Anadolu sahasındaki ilk örnekleri ise Arapça-Farsça olup 14. yüzyıl itibarıyla kaleme alınmıştır. Başta siyasi ve demografik unsurlar olmak üzere birçok sebepten dolayı Osmanlı devleti içerisinde yabancı dil olarak Arapça ve Farsçadan sonra en çok yazılı malzeme ortaya konulan dil hiç şüphesiz Rumca olmuştur. Gazeteler, dergiler ders kitapları, sözlükler vb her türlü yazılı üründen bolca örnek vardır. Bu güne kadar varlığından haberdar olduğumuz Rumca-Türkçe manzum sözlük sayısı beştir. Bunlar Tuhfe-i Rumî, Tuhfetü’l-Uşşak, Tuhfe-i Vehbî, Lugat-ı Nuriye ve Hafız İbrahim Lugatidir. Biz bu çalışmamızda şimdiye kadar üç nüshasını tespit ettiğimiz Tuhfe-i Rumî adlı Türkçe Rumca manzum sözlük hakkında bilgi verip, eserin özelliklerini inceleyerek metin yayını ortaya koyacağız.
Can green city branding support China's Sponge City Programme?
Authors: Mitchell Gordon , Chan Faith Ka Shun , Chen Wendy Y. , Thadani Dimple R. , Robinson Guy M. , Wang Zilin , Li Lei , Li Xiang , Mullins May-Tan , Chau Patrick Y. K.
Published: June 2022

China's Sponge City Programme (SCP) is one of the world's most ambitious sustainable urban drainage programmes. By 2030, Chinese cities must have 80% of their land drained by Blue–Green Infrastructure (BGI) to build critically needed flood resilience. Costs must be met from municipal and private finance, but BGI lacks the revenue streams of public assets like utilities, so has limited appeal to public–private partnerships. Finance options, including Green Bonds targeting institutional investors, and Payment for Urban Ecosystem Service schemes targeting local citizens and businesses, need developing. Green city branding could lever such finance but despite widespread use of green branding to attract investment, sponge branding strategies are immature, and alignment is needed in green branding between sponge project type (e.g., flagship and retrofit), financial instrument, and target financier, to develop differentiated brands that appeal to a diversity of SCP investors. With little grassroots input into city branding, and SCP problems of green gentrification, local support for SCP implementation may be at risk. This is concerning, because cities need local citizens and businesses to invest in the SCP to achieve the extensive retrofit needed, as retrofit (using small-scale BGI such as stormwater planters, de-paving, and raingardens) has little appeal for institutional investors.
Composite radial filter for removal of agrochemicals from agricultural runoff
Authors: Hansra G. D. S. , Singh J. P. , Sahota P. P.
Published: June 2022

A composite radial filter was designed, fabricated and developed for the removal of agrochemicals particularly N, P, K and bacteriological contaminant in runoff water from rice field for recharging aquifer. Zeolite (Z), activated charcoal (C), coarse sand (CS) and gravel (G) filter materials were placed in annular concentric rings of composite radial filter in different combination of thickness in the ratio of 1:2:4:4, 1:3:4:4, 1:2:2:4, 1:3:2:4 and 0:2:1:2 for five treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5) respectively. Sodium hypochlorite solution (5%) injected at the rate of 0.1 ml per unit discharge (lps) through chlorination unit at the outlet of the radial filter decreased bacteriological contamination to <10 MPN per 100 ml from 1,100 MPN per 100 ml of filtered water. The performance of composite radial filter was evaluated by analyzing filtered water samples for four inflow/outflow rates viz. 0.42, 0.82, 1.24 and 1.66 lps. The T5 treatment consisting of filter materials C, CS and G with thickness of 20, 10 and 20 cm respectively was found to be the best compared to the other four treatments. The filter materials were washed with fresh water after 5 hours of filtration and reused.
Teknoloji Bağımlılığı Bağlamında Siberhondrik Hastalığının İncelenmesi
Authors: Özsevinç Nimet
Published: June 2022

Günümüz teknoloji dünyasında kitle iletişim araçlarıyla geçirdiğimiz zaman diliminin giderek artmasıyla birlikte iletişim becerilerimizde de farklılıklar meydana gelmektedir. Kitle iletişim araçlarının sınırı olmayan dönüşümü bizleri bu sürecin içerisinde manipüle etmekte ve tüketim alışkanlıklarımızı bile büyük oranda değiştirmektedir. Bağımlılığın sürüklediği noktalardan biri de global konjonktürde teknolojiyi içine almaktadır. Kapitalizmin yaygınlaştırdığı teknoloji kullanımı bazı kontrolsüzlükler nedeniyle psikolojik, fizyolojik ve sosyolojik sorunları da beraberinde getirmektedir. Özellikle küçük yaş gruplarının kontrol edilemeyen bu sürecin içine doğması ve gelişmesi nedeniyle sorunlar her geçen gün artmakta ve ileriye taşınmaktadır. Teknolojik evrimin getirmiş olduğu yenilenmenin ve dönüşüme uğramanın ardından gelen sorunlar kişisel iletişimlerimizi ve dolaylı olarak bilgiye ulaşma yöntemlerimizi de etkilemektedir. İletişim kurmak istemeyen birey, internette geçirdiği vakitte tüm ihtiyaçlarını giderdiği algısıyla bütünleşerek bu sürecin içinde otokontrolünü kaybedebilmektedir. Giderek teknolaşan birey; biyolojik, fizyolojik ve psikolojik önem taşıyan sağlık sorunları için bile çareyi internette arayabilmektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında teknoloji bağımlılığının bireyler üzerindeki yansımalarından biri olan siberhondrik hastalığı incelenmiş, teknoloji bağımlılığı sorunsalları üzerinde durularak siberhondrik hastalığının örnekleri üzerinde durularak, bireylerin internet alışkanlıkları kapsamında hastalık teşhisi için interneti kullanıp kullanmadıkları analiz edilmiştir.
Modifications of the C-Terminal Dipeptide of Angiotensin II Yielded a Novel Series of Analogues with Type II (AT2)
Receptor Selectivity
Authors: Cody Wayne L. , He John X. , Lunney Elizabeth A. , Humblet Christine C. , Lu Gina H. , Panek Robert L. , Dudley David T.
Published: June 2022

Angiotensin II is a potent pressor agent acting through two distinct G-protein coupled receptors. The Type I (AT1) receptor is responsible for the pressor activity while the function of the Type II(AT2) receptor remains unclear. Specific modifications of the C-terminal dipeptide (-Pro7-Phe8) of angiotensin II with constrained aromatic (Tic) and hydrophobic (Oic) amino acids have led to analogues with negligible affinity for the AT1 receptor, but nanomolar affinity for the AT2 receptor. These compounds may provide useful tools to help delineate the physiological role of the AT2receptor.
Magneto-thermoelasticity Green–Naghdi theory with memory-dependent derivative in the presence of a moving heat source
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia, et al. El-Attar
Published: June 2022

In the present work, a mathematical model of the Green-Naghdi thermoelasticity theory of type III (GN-III) with memory-dependent derivative (MDD) heat transfer for a perfectly conducting isotropic media has been constructed. The state-space and Laplace transform techniques are adopted for the solution of a half-space problem in the presence of a moving heat source with constant velocity. The inversion of the Laplace transforms is carried out using a numerical approach. Numerical results for all fields are given and illustrated graphically. Comparison is made with the results predicted by coupled thermoelasticity (DCT). The influences of MDD parameters and heat source speed on all fields are examined.
Anti-cancer Drug Susceptibility of Breast Cancer Cells Incubated on Electrospun Polymeric Fiber Substrates
Authors:   Current Affiliation: Basic Research Department, Central R&D Lab, 5-1-10 Takamoridal, Kasugai, 487-0032 Japan, Sasaki Rie , Ito Hiroto ,   Advanced Polymeric Nanostructured Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Toyota Technological Institute, 2-12-1 Hisakata, Tempaku, Nagoya 468 8511 Japan, Okamoto Masami ,   Advanced Polymeric Nanostructured Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Toyota Technological Institute, 2-12-1 Hisakata, Tempaku, Nagoya 468 8511 Japan
Published: June 2022

In this study, we examined the effect of a combination of surface topographies (fiber alignments) and different stiffness of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) substrates on the direct relationship between anti-cancer drug (CDDP) sensitivity for MDA-MB-231 cells and mesenchymal properties under both normal and hypoxic conditions. In addition, we studied the induction of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). The CDDP treatment under hypoxia indicated poor adhesion of MDA-MB-231 cells as well as significant repression of E-cadherin (CDH1). The robust connection between drug sensitivity and repression of epithelial cell marker of E-cadherin (CDH1) mediated by substrate surface topography contributed to the anti-cancer drug resistance of MDA-MB-231 cells. PLLA substrates did not cause a significant change in the induction and acquisition of EMT, indicating that EMT exerted no effect on drug susceptibility.
Fairness in Mobile Phone–Based Mental Health Assessment Algorithms: Exploratory Study
Authors: Park Jinkyung , Arunachalam Ramanathan , Silenzio Vincent , Singh Vivek K
Published: June 2022

Background

Approximately 1 in 5 American adults experience mental illness every year. Thus, mobile phone–based mental health prediction apps that use phone data and artificial intelligence techniques for mental health assessment have become increasingly important and are being rapidly developed. At the same time, multiple artificial intelligence–related technologies (eg, face recognition and search results) have recently been reported to be biased regarding age, gender, and race. This study moves this discussion to a new domain: phone-based mental health assessment algorithms. It is important to ensure that such algorithms do not contribute to gender disparities through biased predictions across gender groups.

Objective

This research aimed to analyze the susceptibility of multiple commonly used machine learning approaches for gender bias in mobile mental health assessment and explore the use of an algorithmic disparate impact remover (DIR) approach to reduce bias levels while maintaining high accuracy.

Methods

First, we performed preprocessing and model training using the data set (N=55) obtained from a previous study. Accuracy levels and differences in accuracy across genders were computed using 5 different machine learning models. We selected the random forest model, which yielded the highest accuracy, for a more detailed audit and computed multiple metrics that are commonly used for fairness in the machine learning literature. Finally, we applied the DIR approach to reduce bias in the mental health assessment algorithm.

Results

The highest observed accuracy for the mental health assessment was 78.57%. Although this accuracy level raises optimism, the audit based on gender revealed that the performance of the algorithm was statistically significantly different between the male and female groups (eg, difference in accuracy across genders was 15.85%; P<.001). Similar trends were obtained for other fairness metrics. This disparity in performance was found to reduce significantly after the application of the DIR approach by adapting the data used for modeling (eg, the difference in accuracy across genders was 1.66%, and the reduction is statistically significant with P<.001).

Conclusions

This study grounds the need for algorithmic auditing in phone-based mental health assessment algorithms and the use of gender as a protected attribute to study fairness in such settings. Such audits and remedial steps are the building blocks for the widespread adoption of fair and accurate mental health assessment algorithms in the future.
Role of Trusted Sources and Behavioral Beliefs in Promoting Mitigation Behaviors During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Survey Study
Authors: Hanson Bridget L , Finley Kari , Otto Jay , Ward Nicholas J
Published: June 2022

Background

During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and in preparation for future public health crises, it is important to understand the relationship between individuals’ health beliefs, including their trust in various sources of health information, and their engagement in mitigation behaviors.

Objective

We sought to identify relationships between trust in various sources of health information and the behavioral beliefs related to vaccination and mask wearing as well as to understand how behavioral beliefs related to vaccination differ by willingness to be vaccinated.

Methods

We conducted an online survey of 1034 adults in the United States and assessed their trust in federal, local, and media sources of health information; their beliefs about vaccination; and their masking intention and vaccination willingness.

Results

Using regression, masking intention was predicted by trust in the World Health Organization (P<.05) and participants’ state public health offices (P<.05), while vaccine willingness was predicted by trust in participants’ own health care providers (P<.05) and pharmaceutical companies (P<.001). Compared to individuals with low willingness to be vaccinated, individuals with high willingness indicated greater endorsement of beliefs that vaccines would support a return to normalcy, are safe, and are a social responsibility (P<.001 for all).

Conclusions

Results can be used to inform ongoing public health messaging campaigns to manage the COVID-19 pandemic and increase readiness for the next pandemic. Additionally, results support the need to bolster the public’s trust in health care agencies as well as to enhance trust and respect in health care providers to increase people’s adoption of mitigation behaviors.
Chatbot-Delivered COVID-19 Vaccine Communication Message Preferences of Young Adults and Public Health Workers in Urban American Communities: Qualitative Study
Authors: Weeks Rose , Cooper Lyra , Sangha Pooja , Sedoc João , White Sydney , Toledo Assaf , Gretz Shai , Lahav Dan , Martin Nina , Michel Alexandra , Lee Jae Hyoung , Slonim Noam , Bar-Zeev Naor
Published: June 2022

Background

Automated conversational agents, or chatbots, have a role in reinforcing evidence-based guidance delivered through other media and offer an accessible, individually tailored channel for public engagement. In early-to-mid 2021, young adults and minority populations disproportionately affected by COVID-19 in the United States were more likely to be hesitant toward COVID-19 vaccines, citing concerns regarding vaccine safety and effectiveness. Successful chatbot communication requires purposive understanding of user needs.

Objective

We aimed to review the acceptability of messages to be delivered by a chatbot named VIRA from Johns Hopkins University. The study investigated which message styles were preferred by young, urban-dwelling Americans as well as public health workers, since we anticipated that the chatbot would be used by the latter as a job aid.

Methods

We conducted 4 web-based focus groups with 20 racially and ethnically diverse young adults aged 18-28 years and public health workers aged 25-61 years living in or near eastern-US cities. We tested 6 message styles, asking participants to select a preferred response style for a chatbot answering common questions about COVID-19 vaccines. We transcribed, coded, and categorized emerging themes within the discussions of message content, style, and framing.

Results

Participants preferred messages that began with an empathetic reflection of a user concern and concluded with a straightforward, fact-supported response. Most participants disapproved of moralistic or reasoning-based appeals to get vaccinated, although public health workers felt that such strong statements appealing to communal responsibility were warranted. Responses tested with humor and testimonials did not appeal to the participants.

Conclusions

To foster credibility, chatbots targeting young people with vaccine-related messaging should aim to build rapport with users by deploying empathic, reflective statements, followed by direct and comprehensive responses to user queries. Further studies are needed to inform the appropriate use of user-customized testimonials and humor in the context of chatbot communication.
Fairness in Mobile Phone–Based Mental Health Assessment Algorithms: Exploratory Study (Preprint)
Authors: Park Jinkyung , Arunachalam Ramanathan , Silenzio Vincent , Singh Vivek K
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND

Approximately 1 in 5 American adults experience mental illness every year. Thus, mobile phone–based mental health prediction apps that use phone data and artificial intelligence techniques for mental health assessment have become increasingly important and are being rapidly developed. At the same time, multiple artificial intelligence–related technologies (eg, face recognition and search results) have recently been reported to be biased regarding age, gender, and race. This study moves this discussion to a new domain: phone-based mental health assessment algorithms. It is important to ensure that such algorithms do not contribute to gender disparities through biased predictions across gender groups.

OBJECTIVE

This research aimed to analyze the susceptibility of multiple commonly used machine learning approaches for gender bias in mobile mental health assessment and explore the use of an algorithmic disparate impact remover (DIR) approach to reduce bias levels while maintaining high accuracy.

METHODS

First, we performed preprocessing and model training using the data set (N=55) obtained from a previous study. Accuracy levels and differences in accuracy across genders were computed using 5 different machine learning models. We selected the random forest model, which yielded the highest accuracy, for a more detailed audit and computed multiple metrics that are commonly used for fairness in the machine learning literature. Finally, we applied the DIR approach to reduce bias in the mental health assessment algorithm.

RESULTS

The highest observed accuracy for the mental health assessment was 78.57%. Although this accuracy level raises optimism, the audit based on gender revealed that the performance of the algorithm was statistically significantly different between the male and female groups (eg, difference in accuracy across genders was 15.85%; P<.001). Similar trends were obtained for other fairness metrics. This disparity in performance was found to reduce significantly after the application of the DIR approach by adapting the data used for modeling (eg, the difference in accuracy across genders was 1.66%, and the reduction is statistically significant with P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

This study grounds the need for algorithmic auditing in phone-based mental health assessment algorithms and the use of gender as a protected attribute to study fairness in such settings. Such audits and remedial steps are the building blocks for the widespread adoption of fair and accurate mental health assessment algorithms in the future.
The Distribution of HIV and AIDS Cases in Luzhou, China, From 2011 to 2020: Bayesian Spatiotemporal Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Ren Ningjun , Li Yuansheng , Wang Ruolan , Zhang Wenxin , Chen Run , Xiao Ticheng , Chen Hang , Li Ailing , Fan Song
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND

The vastly increasing number of reported HIV and AIDS cases in Luzhou, China, in recent years, coupled with the city’s unique geographical location at the intersection of 4 provinces, makes it particularly important to conduct a spatiotemporal analysis of HIV and AIDS cases.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to understand the spatiotemporal distribution of HIV and the factors influencing this distribution in Luzhou, China, from 2011 to 2020.

METHODS

Data on the incidence of HIV and AIDS in Luzhou from 2011 to 2020 were obtained from the AIDS Information Management System of the Luzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention. ArcGIS was used to visualize the spatiotemporal distribution of HIV and AIDS cases. The Bayesian spatiotemporal model was used to investigate factors affecting the spatiotemporal distribution of HIV and AIDS, including the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, urbanization rate, number of hospital beds, population density, and road mileage.

RESULTS

The reported incidence of HIV and AIDS rose from 8.50 cases per 100,000 population in 2011 to 49.25 cases per 100,000 population in 2020—an increase of 578.87%. In the first 5 years, hotspots were concentrated in Jiangyang district, Longmatan district, and Luxian county. After 2016, Luzhou’s high HIV incidence areas gradually shifted eastward, with Hejiang county having the highest average prevalence rate (41.68 cases per 100,000 population) from 2011 to 2020, being 2.28 times higher than that in Gulin county (18.30 cases per 100,000), where cold spots were concentrated. The risk for the incidence of HIV and AIDS was associated with the urbanization rate, population density, and GDP per capita. For every 1% increase in the urbanization rate, the relative risk (RR) increases by 1.3%, while an increase of 100 people per square kilometer would increase the RR by 8.7%; for every 1000 Yuan (US $148.12) increase in GDP per capita, the RR decreases by 1.5%.

CONCLUSIONS

In Luzhou, current HIV and AIDS prevention and control efforts must be focused on the location of each district or county government; we suggest the region balance urban development and HIV and AIDS prevention. Moreover, more attention should be paid to economically disadvantaged areas.
From the Cochrane Library: Interventions for the Prevention of Herpes Simplex Labialis (Cold Sores on the Lips) (Preprint)
Authors: Sivesind Torunn , Viola Jennifer , Zhang Linda , Dellavalle Robert , Chi Ching-Chi
Published: June 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

Not applicable
The Role of ChatGPT, Generative Language Models and Artificial Intelligence in Medical Education: A Conversation with ChatGPT - and a Call for Papers (Preprint)
Authors: Test Group Jane , Smith John , Doe Jane
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND

Lack of time for exercise is common among office workers given their busy lives. Because of occupational restrictions and difficulty in taking time off, it is necessary to suggest effective ways for workers to exercise regularly. Sustaining lifestyle habits that increase nonexercise activity in daily life can solve the issue of lack of exercise time. Healthy Lifestyle Coaching Chatbot as a messenger app based on the habit formation model that can be used as a tool to provide a health behavior intervention that emphasizes the importance of sustainability and involvement.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to assess the efficacy of the Healthy Lifestyle Coaching Chatbot intervention presented via a messenger app aimed at stair-climbing habit formation for office workers.

METHODS

From February 1, 2018, to April 30, 2018, a total of 106 people participated in the trial after online recruitment. Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention group (n=57) or the control group (n=49). The intervention group received cues and intrinsic and extrinsic rewards for the entire 12 weeks. However, the control group did not receive intrinsic rewards for the first 4 weeks and only received all rewards as in the intervention group from the fifth to twelfth week. The Self-Report Habit Index (SRHI) of participants was evaluated every week, and the level of physical activity was measured at the beginning and end of the trial. SPSS Statistics version 21 (IBM Corp) was used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS

After 4 weeks of intervention without providing the intrinsic rewards in the control group, the change in SRHI scores was 13.54 (SD 14.99) in the intervention group and 6.42 (SD 9.42) in the control group, indicating a significant difference between the groups (P=.04). When all rewards were given to both groups, from the fifth to twelfth week, the change in SRHI scores of the intervention and control groups was comparable at 12.08 (SD 10.87) and 15.88 (SD 13.29), respectively (P=.21). However, the level of physical activity showed a significant difference between the groups after 12 weeks of intervention (P=.045).

CONCLUSIONS

This study provides evidence that intrinsic rewards are important to enhance the sustainability and effectiveness of an intervention. The Healthy Lifestyle Coaching Chatbot program can be a cost-effective method for healthy habit formation.

CLINICALTRIAL

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/18327
МОДА НА ФЛИРТ МОДУ
Authors: Яминский И.В. , Ахметова А.И. , Корнилов Д.В.
Published: June 2022

В лабораторных исследованиях с применением атомно-силового микроскопа наиболее широко используются контактный и резонансный режимы, позволяющие получать сканы за сравнительно малые времена. С другой стороны, их минусом является сложность контроля силового воздействия, что может привести к необратимым изменениям в морфологии образца. В особенности это критично при сканировании мягких сред, например бактерий, клеток, полимеров. В контактном режиме такое взаимодействие обусловлено также наличием сил трения, управлять величиной которых при сканировании поверхности образца весьма затруднительно. В резонансном режиме влияние сил трения нивелируется за счет вертикального движения зонда, однако высокая добротность колебаний кантилевера не позволяет контролировать силу его воздействия при резких перепадах рельефа наблюдаемой поверхности. Для преодоления этих препятствий нами был разработан режим деликатного и бережного сканирования поверхности, приоритетом которого является лишь легкое прикосновение к ней. Назван был нами такой режим флирт модой.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ТЕПЛОВОГО МЭМС-СЕНСОРА МАССОВОГО РАСХОДА ГАЗА
Authors: Рябов В.Т. , Дюжев Н.А.
Published: June 2022

По результатам исследований теплового сенсора массового расхода газа показано, что при различных схемах аналоговой обработки его сигнала можно добиться уникально высокой чувствительности и совмещения измерения перепада температур на фронте и спаде и падения температуры нагревателя в одном сигнале.
Recuperación de información con Linked Open Data
Authors: Avila-Barrientos Eder
Published: June 2022

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el proceso de recuperación de información (RI) mediante la aplicación de Linked Open Data (LOD). La metodología empleada en este trabajo consta de dos partes: en la primera, se llevó a cabo una revisión de literatura, se apoya en la hermenéutica y análisis del discurso para examinar recursos de información que abordaran modelos, estructuras, estudios de caso, pruebas de concepto y análisis estructurales de la implementación de datos abiertos enlazados en el proceso de RI. Sucesivamente, partiendo del método analítico-sintético, se seleccionó una fuente de datos cuya licencia abierta admitiera reutilizar y procesar los datos para exponerlos al contexto de recuperación de información, mediante su estructuración en RDF y su respectiva consulta con SPARQL. Los resultados obtenidos permiten acercarse a los principios metodológicos del procesamiento de datos abiertos enlazados y analizar la información adquirida, siendo estos de carácter integrador e intuitivos derivados del uso de representaciones gráficas para hacer posible la consulta y acceso a los datos. La adaptación de LOD en los sistemas para la RI, supone un cambio de paradigma relacionado con la clase de tecnología empleada en sus estructuras. Por ejemplo, transitar de un modelo conceptual sintáctico a otro de tipo semántico.
RESILIÊNCIA E AUTOESTIMA EM ATLETAS BRASILEIROS DE HANDEBOL
Authors: Oler Izabela Carvalho , Caruzzo Aryelle Malheiros , Xavier Caroline Carneiro , Oliveira Igor Fabricio dos Santos , Freire Gabriel Lucas Morais , Fiorese Lenamar
Published: June 2022

O objetivo do estudo foi investigar a resiliência e autoestima em atletas brasileiros de handebol. Fizeram parte da pesquisa 79 atletas, de ambos os sexos (25,24 ± 7,23 anos). Os instrumentos utilizados foram Ficha de identificação, Escala de Resiliência e a Escala de Autoestima. Para a análise dos dados foi utilizado os testes de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, T Independente e coeficiente de correlação de Pearson, adotando-se p<0,05. Os resultados mostraram correlações significativas entre a resiliência e autoestima (p<0,001). Nas comparações da resiliência em função do sexo, faixa etária e tempo de prática, os resultados apontaram que não houve diferenças significativas (p>0,05). Para a comparação da autoestima também foram identificados que não houve diferenças significativas (p>0.05), indicando que estes grupos não influenciaram na percepção da resiliência e autoestima oriunda da prática do handebol. Conclui-se que a idade e o tempo de prática são fatores que não influenciam na percepção de resiliência e autoestima de atletas brasileiros de handebol.