bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manuel Núñez de Arenas, L'Espagne des lumières au romantisme. Études réunies par Robert Marrast. Centre de Recherches de l'Institut d'Études Hispaniques, Paris, 1964; 430 pp.
Authors: Gil Novales Alberto
Published: August 2017

Se reseñó el libro: L'Espagne des lumières au romantisme. Études réunies par Robert Marrast.
Dolores Ackel Fiore, Rubén Darío in search of inspiration. Las Américas Publishing Co., New York, 1963. 178 pp.
Authors: Merrill Judith S.
Published: August 2017

Se reseñó el libro: Rubén Darío in search of inspiration.
Juan Fernández de Heredia, La grant crónica de Espanya, libros I y II. Ed. según el ms. 10.133 de la B.N.M., con introd. crítica, estudio lingüístico y glosario por Regina af Geijerstam. Uppsala, 1964; 406 pp. (Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, Studia Romanica Upsaliensia, 2).
Authors: López Molina Luis
Published: August 2017

Se reseñó el libro: La grant crónica de Espanya, libros I y II.
Acciones para la salvaguardia del Cinema América en Trastevere (Roma)
Authors: Mampaso Cristina
Published: August 2017

Este trabajo, dedicado a las salas cinematográficas del siglo XX, tiene como fin ilustrar la relevancia histórica, tecnológica y arquitectónica que dichos espacios supusieron para el patrimonio moderno y cultural de Roma. Como caso de estudio fue seleccionado el Cinema América, construido por el arquitecto Angelo di Castro en 1954, por ser hoy en día el único que conserva íntegros todos los atributos arquitectónicos y espaciales de esa nueva tipología. Abandonado en el 2000 y ante la amenaza de demolición, fue ocupado en noviembre del 2012 por un grupo de estudiantes universitarios con el apoyo de la comunidad, con el fin de preservar la actividad cultural en su interior y restituir este importante foco cultural al barrio donde se encuentra. El proyecto para su salvaguarda se desarrolló en dos fases, una académica y otra de acción social y administrativa. Entre las acciones tomadas la más importante fue la preparación del documento para su inclusión en el listado de Bienes de Interés Cultural del Ministerio Italiano de Cultura. Finalmente, tras su desalojo pacífico por las fuerzas del orden, el 28 de noviembre del 2014 fue incluido en la lista del Patrimonio Cultural de dicho Ministerio (Decreto Ley 139-2014, Roma) bajo una doble protección (histórica y artística), con lo cual se estableció un precedente para la salvaguarda del patrimonio moderno de la ciudad.
Patrimonio arquitectónico y sociedad en el paisaje cultural cafetero. Análisis de la percepción social y relación de saberes
Authors: Sarmiento Nova Juan Manuel , Bermudez Peña Felipe Andrés
Published: August 2017

El presente artículo se presenta en la modalidad de reflexión derivada de una investigación con trabajo de campo sobre la forma como la comunidad de Salamina (Caldas) vive su patrimonio cultural en general, y específicamente, su patrimonio arquitectónico. Como parte del reconocimiento del Paisaje Cultural Cafetero de Colombia (PCCC) se han realizado múltiples estudios desde la academia y los entes gubernamentales, los cuales buscan definir y caracterizar los diferentes aspectos de ese paisaje a partir del conocimiento técnico de los expertos, aunque dicho conocimiento no se ha confrontado adecuadamente con los saberes cotidianos de la población. La escasa participación con los colectivos sociales locales deriva en que la sociedad integrante del PCCC no tenga real conciencia de sí misma como el factor vivo que garantiza la sostenibilidad de ese entorno. En respuesta a esta condición, el Grupo de Patrimonio de la Escuela de Arquitectura de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia (sede Manizales) ha desarrollado dos procesos. En primer lugar, un reconocimiento de las percepciones alrededor del PCCC y de su patrimonio arquitectónico en relación directa con los habitantes. El segundo consiste en la puesta en marcha de estrategias que propendan por el encuentro constructivo entre los saberes técnicos y los cotidianos, como parte de un trabajo conjunto con las comunidades y enriquecido con los aportes de la academia. Ejemplo de tales estrategias es el programa “Salamina para pies pequeños”, cuyo fin es orientar al ciudadano desde su niñez hacia la formación de una identidad cultural y la apropiación del patrimonio. Todo el trabajo ha permitido concluir la importancia de que la valoración del patrimonio cultural se haga inicialmente desde la perspectiva de la comunidad, la cual debe formar parte de ese proceso para garantizar la conservación de lo que se pretende proteger. En este sentido, es urgente implementar un trabajo pedagógico en Salamina.
La importancia de la gestión de diseño como generadora de capacidades de innovación en las PyMEs industriales en Colombia
Authors: Mancipe López Luis Daniel
Published: August 2017

Uno de los problemas más comunes en la actualidad frente al tema del diseño en Colombia como profesión es que los diseñadores, aparte de generar estrategias y diseños, deben educar a sus clientes en la medida que muchos de ellos no conocen el objeto de estudio ni los alcances de esta profesión, razón por la cual no contratan tales servicios. Por otro lado, los diseñadores podrían estar descontextualizados y no entender las dinámicas propias de las empresas. Con el fin de unir estas dos orillas se parte de un enfoque económico del diseño y se realiza una corta revisión histórica del fordismo y el posfordismo, como también de la relevancia de la innovación en estos paradigmas socioproductivos. El documento se construye a partir de la revisión de artículos de investigación especializados en el tema, estudios sobre la gestión de diseño, informes locales y reflexiones internacionales. Con base en estas fuentes se desarrolla la idea de un enfoque del diseño centrado en la innovación a partir de la generación y comunicación de innovaciones en el marco de la competitividad de las empresas. Desde este punto de vista, se propone una gestión estratégica como herramienta fundamental para el desarrollo de la profesión en las pymes. Se concluye con la necesidad de realizar un estudio de caracterización de la demanda de servicios de diseño de comunicación, con el fin de definir el norte de la profesión.
El efecto de los aprovechamientos urbanísticos proyectados en el modelo territorial de Yopal (Casanare)
Authors: Sanabria Artunduaga Tadeo Humberto
Published: August 2017

Con el fin de establecer si las normativas de aprovechamiento urbanístico corresponden con los objetivos de la planificación local, este artículo analiza en qué medida estas aportan a la construcción del modelo territorial. Para tal fin, se exploran conceptualizaciones relevantes de los modelos urbanos como soporte de la sostenibilidad, la competitividad y la equidad. Asimismo, se realiza un análisis cuantitativo a partir de los propósitos y las normas de aprovechamientos urbanísticos definidas en el Plan Básico de Ordenamiento de Yopal y su ajuste del año 2007. Se derivan así cuatro escenarios de ocupación: el primero (del cual se desprenden las variables evaluadas) refleja las condiciones de soporte a la sostenibilidad, la competitividad y la equidad desde sus desarrollos teóricos; el escenario prospectivo, al que se apuesta en función de la espacialización de las estrategias propuestas en el mencionado Plan para garantizar el cumplimiento de los objetivos declarados; el tercero da cuenta del crecimiento inercial de la ciudad y el último simula lo proyectado por la norma de aprovechamientos en su vigencia.
¿El PEMP y el POT al unísono? Simulación de aprovechamientos urbanísticos en el centro histórico de Tunja
Authors: Artunduaga Tadeo Sanabria
Published: August 2017

El artículo presenta uno de los estudios de caso de la investigación Las Ciudades del POT, desarrollada a instancias de la Universidad de Boyacá. Se aborda la relación conflictiva entre los fines del desarrollo urbanístico y los probables resultados en términos de sostenibilidad, competitividad y equidad, expresados en el discurso de dos planes: el Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial (POT) del 2000, formulado para Tunja y aún vigente, al igual que el Plan Especial de Manejo y Protección del Patrimonio (PEMP) de su centro histórico. Los análisis derivan de un escenario simulado en 3D de la ciudad proyectada que refleja la tensión entre los objetivos de los planes y su concreción en las regulaciones urbanísticas. Los resultados muestran que el POT privilegia un modelo territorial sostenible, en tanto para el PEMP, la competitividad económica define su modelo territorial.
Investigación en la revista Urban Morphology
Authors: Guerrero Adriana Hidalgo
Published: August 2017

La revista Urban Morphology se ha consolidado en el medio académico por la profundidad y diversidad de temas que publica. El presente artículo de revisión pretende hacer un balance de su producción, como también clasificar y comentar los aportes más relevantes entre 1997 y 2011. La metodología usada consistió en estudiar la temática de los artículos y resúmenes disponibles, clasificarlos por afinidad y extraer conceptos que sinteticen sus contenidos para dar cuenta del pensamiento transmitido a través de sus páginas. Entre los resultados de la revisión se resalta que la revista puede orientar a la comunidad académica colombiana respecto a la relevancia y el valor que poseen los estudios de morfología urbana en la comprensión de las particularidades presentes en la construcción y transformación de nuestros poblados. Asimismo, evidencia la importancia de divulgar internacionalmente los hallazgos locales.
An unusual presentation of ventral post-traumatic pseudolipomas in a surfer: a case report
Authors: Ramoutar Virin Rajiv Neil , Patel Pujan Pranav , Isache Carmen Liliana
Published: August 2017

Background:

Pseudolipomas are normal adipose tissues that accumulate in abnormal locations and postulate an association with trauma. Post-traumatic pseudolipomas (PTLs) are benign, soft tissue tumors that develop in various anatomic sites following acute, chronic or repetitive trauma. PTLs remain a poorly recognized and investigated clinical entity. They follow a benign course and early recognition of this clinical entity may allay anxiety in patients who suspect a more serious underlying condition or malignancy.

Case presentation:

We present an unusual case of a 31 year old male with a history of repetitive surfboard trauma in the past presenting with symmetric, painless soft tissue swelling of upper abdomen. Magnetic resonance imaging was consistent with Ventral PTLs.

Conclusion:

PTLs are a distinct clinicopathological entity but, owing to unpredictable presentations, are poorly recognized by physicians and surgeons alike. Inclusion of PTL in the differential of a lipomatous lesion can be achieved by eliciting a prior history of trauma. PTLs have not been documented to undergo malignant transformation and patient anxiety may be allayed with the diagnosis. Liposuction or surgical excision may be offered for cosmetic reasons or if symptoms arise.
Type II right sided aortic arch with aberrant left subclavian artery (ALSA) – what clinician wants to know? - a case report
Authors: Sharma B B , Sharma Shweta , Bhardwaj Naveen , Dewan Sakshi , Aziz Mir Rizwan
Published: August 2017

Background:

Right sided aortic arch is slightly rare variant of aortic arch which requires more description and elaboration for the management in clinician point view. This may remain asymptomatic or present with various vague symptomatology. It is mandatory for the clinician to be aware of the underlying anatomical details which may sometimes be responsible for the presenting complaints. Furthermore, this anomaly may also be associated with other abnormalities.

Case presentation:

We present 60-years old male who complained of headache and vague chest pain of two weeks duration and underwent Contrast Enhanced Computerized Tomography (CECT) chest for further evaluation. There was an incidental finding of right sided aortic arch with Aberrant Left Subclavian Artery (ALSA). This anomaly was not responsible for any of the symptoms as per the CECT findings.

Conclusion:

It is important to know the detailed relationship of right sided aortic arch with ALSA to the other neighboring anatomical structures. MDCT and MRI are always helpful tools to appreciate and apprise the clinician about the details of the anomaly in view of the management if required. Sometimes the symptoms may be present because of the compression by the vascular rings.
An FLNA gene variant causing congenital cardiac defects, persistent thrombocytopenia and an ‘incidental’ periventricular nodular heterotopia: a case report
Authors: Murugan Archana , Babiker Mohamed O E , Newbury-Ecob Ruth
Published: August 2017

Background:

Many children with multiple congenital organ defects have a genetic etiological basis. Periventricular nodular heterotopia (PVNH) is a neuronal migrational disorder that can be seen in isolation or in association with other neurological and non-neurological features. Mutations in the FLNA gene may result in X-linked dominant bilateral PVNH, a condition that is predominately seen in females due to its in-utero lethality for males. Associated features may include cardiovascular defects and thrombocytopenia.

Case presentation:

We present an 8 year old girl with multiple congenital heart defects and longstanding unexplained low platelets counts. There were no neurodevelopmental concerns but she was incidentally found to have bilateral PVNH. Targeted genetic testing confirmed a mutation in the FLNA gene.

Conclusion:

Testing for mutations in this gene in any child with bilateral symmetrical PV NH is recommended. If mutations are found, then other associations should be searched for if not already evident.
Vanguarda brasileira: poesia Concreta, Gullar e Mallarmé
Authors: Stroparo Sandra M.
Published: August 2017

A vanguarda Concreta brasileira, surgida em meio à modernidade dos anos 50, resgatou para a cultura nacional um referencial literário importante. Mallarmé influenciou a poesia Concreta e gerou novas descobertas, como as que redundam seja nos poemas verbivocovisuais, seja no inovador trabalho de Ferreira Gullar, que experimenta os limites da poesia em seu poema O formigueiro.---DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.25094/rtp.2017n23a430
Gullar e Drummond: lirismo e participação social
Authors: Pilati Alexandre
Published: August 2017

O artigo tem por objetivo levantar elementos para a leitura comparativa de dois importantes livros de poemas da lírica brasileira do século XX: Dentro da noite veloz (1975), de Ferreira Gullar e Sentimento do mundo (1940), de Carlos Drummond de Andrade. São considerados, para o recolhimento desses elementos, quatro poemas: “Agosto 1964” e “O açúcar”, de Gullar e “Noturno à janela do apartamento” e “Elegia 1938”, de Drummond. O artigo procura, a partir das análises, apontar semelhanças e diferenças verificáveis no lirismo participante dos dois poetas.---DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.25094/rtp.2017n23a433
A poesia e a condição pós-média. O caso de "Monodrama", de Carlito Azevedo
Authors: Silvestre Osvaldo
Published: August 2017

O ensaio propõe-se ler Monodrama (2009), de Carlito Azevedo, como uma ocorrência da condição pós-média na poesia contemporânea, no sentido de que se trata de uma obra na qual toda uma tópica da arqueologia e ontologia da imagem precede e sustenta o confronto com o mundo – o mundo histórico e político, que é, ao mesmo tempo, o mundo da imagem técnica. Por seu turno, o verso perde a consistência da tradição moderna de concentração sobre o meio, à maneira do João Cabral de A educação pela pedra, quer por saturação imagética e mediática, quer por contaminação pela prosa, no poema em prosa.---DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.25094/rtp.2017n23a447
Apresentação
Authors: Franchetti Paulo , Silvestre Osvaldo Manuel , Fiuza Solange , Alves Ida
Published: August 2017

Apresentação à Texto Poético 23. ---DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.25094/rtp.2017n23a465
Poesia de Gullar: a luz e seus avessos
Authors: Villaça Alcides
Published: August 2017

Abre-se de forma concisa, neste ensaio, uma perspectiva panorâmica para a compreensão da poesia que Gullar nos legou em mais de sessenta anos de atividade. Considera-se aqui o conjunto de alguns procedimentos básicos, muito marcados e mesmo obsessivos: o poeta sempre se interessou em surpreender o múltiplo, o simultâneo, o diverso e o movimento sob as aparências impositivas do uniforme, do linear, do compacto e do estático. A poesia de Gullar é aqui avaliada a partir do confronto desses dois conjuntos de categorias, do amplo movimento que se pode reconhecer como de tradução.---DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.25094/rtp.2017n23a467
RELATÓRIO SOCIAL COMO MEIO DE PROVA E FORMAÇÃO DA CONVICÇÃO DO JUIZ NAS DEMANDAS FAMILIARES
Authors: Neves Helena Do Passo
Published: August 2017

No presente artigo, analisam-se as possibilidades e limites da contribuição do relatório social como prova nas demandas familiares e sua interferência na formação da convicção do julgador. Trata-se de pesquisa descritiva, cujas fontes abarcam doutrina, legislação e jurisprudência atinente aos aspectos centrais do objeto da reflexão e seus desdobramentos. O foco da pesquisa está centrado na discricionariedade judicial fundada em um sistema aberto, que toma como referência a indeterminação do direito e o melhor interesse da criança nas decisões em sede direito de família.  Como pano de fundo, assume-se que, nas decisões judiciais, a adequada fundamentação das decisões judiciais requer compatibilidade na aplicação dos princípios constitucionais em sintonia com sólida teoria hermenêutica do direito, tendo em vista garantir a integridade e coerência do sistema, bem como a garantia do acesso à justiça. Ao final, propõe-se atualização na formação de profissionais encarregados de elaborar o relatório social e subsidiar as decisões judiciais
A CIDADANIA NA AMÉRICA LATINA E A FILOSOFIA DA LIBERTAÇÃO: OBSERVAÇÕES SOBRE O PENSAMENTO DE ENRIQUE DUSSEL
Authors: Fornasier Mateus De Oliveira , Tondo Ana Lara
Published: August 2017

O presente artigo indaga sobre a possibilidade de se efetivar uma ressignificação da noção moderna de cidadania, não mais a considerando apenas em campos abstratos da teoria ou como obrigações relacionadas apenas a pleitos eleitorais, mas sim, como um instrumento que o sujeito, numa condição ativa de cidadão, tenha para exigir a efetivação das suas necessidades mais básicas, a fim de que seus direitos emerjam do campo metafísico, adquirindo pragmática. Para tanto, por meio de revisão bibliográfica de caráter hipotético-dedutivo, é explorada a Filosofia de Libertação, corrente filosófica representada, principalmente, por Enrique Dussel, como teoria capaz de empoderar o cidadão latino-americano, e o libertando da dominação europeia, tornando-o capaz de reconhecer a si mesmo e ao Outro como um sujeito do mundo, e, dessa forma, concretizar a consciência cidadã. Seus objetivos específicos são: i) contextualizar a cidadania no cenário latino-americano de luta por direitos; ii) analisar a necessidade de uma noção de cidadania liberta do contexto colonizador eurocêntrico; iii) estudar o pensamento dusseliano como contributo para a noção de cidadania. Resultados: i) a originalidade do pensamento dusseliano está, justamente, na sua destinação a espaços caracterizados pela exclusão – sendo aplicável não apenas à América Latina, mas a qualquer local assim caracterizado; ii) o pensamento de libertação e de descolonialismo de Dussel contribuem para a reformulação do conceito de cidadania, ao preconizar uma cidadania ativa, concebida a partir da realidade do homem latino-americano.
MINORIAS E GRUPOS VULNERÁVEIS: A QUESTÃO TERMINOLÓGICA COMO FATOR PREPONDERANTE PARA UMA REAL INCLUSÃO SOCIAL
Authors: Siqueira Dirceu Pereira , Castro Lorenna Roberta Barbosa
Published: August 2017

O presente estudo tem por escopo diferenciar Grupos Vulneráveis de Minorias, confeccionando, no decorrer da pesquisa, um conceito claro aos referidos institutos. Antemão, cumpre mencionar que as diferenças existentes entre aqueles apontam para uma qualificação entre gênero e espécie, permitindo extrair, a partir de suas particularidades, os objetivos dos indivíduos pertencentes a cada um dos institutos. Para conhecer a fundo, e tentar estabelecer uma melhora na condição de vida humana, analisa-se estudos já conhecidos acerca dos traços objetos de discriminação social, bem como estudos contemporâneos, dando continuidade a pontos não aclarados, transformados aqui no tema central. Relembra a necessidade da construção do Estado, traça a figura dos oprimidos e dos opressores, estabelece os efeitos da proteção estatal, que devem estar à risca dos anseios das parcelas colocadas em posição de inferioridade, em relação ao corpo social. Logo, faz-se mister elencar e entender as diferenças existentes entre minoria e grupo vulnerável para que, só então, se possa dar a merecida tutela a cada um. Destarte, espera-se que os resultados desta pesquisa sejam incorporados à academia, contribuindo, então, para a formação de profissionais aptos a melhorarem a sociedade, rumo à efetiva sociedade igualitária, ressaltando também a contribuição para as políticas públicas e ações afirmativas que se façam necessárias para também alcançar a igualdade social.
Anticancer Activity of Zingiber officinale Bound Dendrimer - An Invitro Analysis
Authors: M. Indhumathy , . Bavanilathamuthiah , Malar Carlin
Published: August 2017

Zingiber officinale (sukku), one of the naturally occurring medicinal plants, has been consumed worldwide as a spice and
flavoring agent from the ancient time. Zingiber officinale bears an enormous number of pharmacological activities
including Neuro-protective activity and anticancer activity facilitating the extent of further research for finding out less
toxic and more potent drugs for the better treatment of those diseases. Dendrimers are nanostructured macromolecules,
immensely branched; three dimensional displays an essential role in the emerging field of Nanomedicine.Dendrimers have
potential application in gene and drug delivery system. We examine the interaction of DNZ’s (zingiber officinale bound
Dendrimer) by UV – visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The anticancer activity
of DNZ’s was estimated against HaCaT and HEp 2 compared with Dendrimer and zingiber officinale. The IC50 values of
DNZ’s were 63 µg/ml for normal cell line (HaCaT) and 32 μg/ml for cancer cell line (HEp 2). This shows that DNZ’s has
high anticancer activity compared to naked Dendrimers and zingiber officinale. The results indicate that functionalization
of zingiber officinale with Dendrimer and successive solubilization could play an important role in the enhancement of
anticancer activity.
Formulation and Evaluation of Self Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Nifedipine
Authors: Kaushik Dinesh , Malik Jyoti , Sardana Satish , Matsubara Chisa
Published: August 2017

Oral route is the most preferred route of drug administration due to its easy accessibility, intake, and wide range of choices making it economical. Currently, greater than 60% of marketed drugs are oral products. Over 90% of therapeutic compounds given orally areknown to possess oral bioavailability limitations. Therefore, there is a need to explore various approaches that can be used to improve oral drug bioavailability besides using physical and chemical means. The objective of this study is to prepare a formulation i.e. self microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) of nifedipine with the intention to improve the increase dissolution rate (solubility). This will ensure the quick absorption and uniform bioavailability of nifedipine. Selection of oils, surfactants and co-surfactants was done by determining % transparency and on the basis of compatibility studies by FTIR spectra analysis. Different SMEDDS formulation were prepared of different ratio of oil:surfactantmix (1:9,2:8,3:7,4:6,5:5,6:4,7:3,8:2,9:1) and different ratio of surfactants : cosurfactants. Pseudo ternary phase diagram were constructed by water titration method to obtain a particle micro-emulsion region (on the basis of clarity and transparency). The formulation B-I was optimized because of maximum transparency (87.35%) and maximum % drug entrapment (95.32%). The average droplet size and zeta potential was found 86.05 and -0.189. The solubility of nifedipine increase in SMEDDS formulation upto72.17%.From in vitro dissolution study it was proved that SMEDDS formulation releases drug at faster rate, thus the objective of increase solubility and hence the better dissolution rate for uniform bioavailability via SMEDDS formulation of nifedipine was successfully achieved.
Formulation, Development and Characterization of Floating Beads of Diltiazem Hydrochloride
Authors: Saxena Anamika Saxena , Kitawat Santosh , Gaur Kalpesh , Singh Virendra
Published: August 2017

The main goal of any drug delivery system is to achieve desired concentration of the drug in blood or tissue, which is
therapeutically effective and nontoxic for a prolonged period. Various attempts have been made to develop gastroretentive
delivery systems such as high density system, swelling, floating system. The recent developments of FDDS including the
physiological and formulation variables affecting gastric retention, approaches to design single-unit and multiple-unit
floating systems, and their classification and formulation aspects are covered in detail. Gastric emptying is a complex
process and makes in vivo performance of the drug delivery systems uncertain. In order to avoid this variability, efforts
have been made to increase the retention time of the drug-delivery systems for more than 12 hours. The floating or
hydrodynamically controlled drug delivery systems are useful in such application. Background of the research: Diltiazem
HCL (DTZ), has short biological half life of 3-4 h, requires rather high frequency of administration. Due to repeated
administration there may be chances of patient incompliance and toxicity problems. Objective: The objective of study was
to develop sustained release alginate beads of DTZ for reduction in dosing frequency, high bioavailability and better patient
compliance. Methodology: Five formulations prepared by using different drug to polymer ratios, were evaluated for
relevant parameters and compared. Alginate beads were prepared by ionotropic external gelation technique using CaCl2
as cross linking agent. Prepared beads were evaluated for % yield, entrapment efficiency, swelling index in 0.1N HCL,
drug release study and SEM analysis. In order to improve %EE and drug release, LMP and sunflower oil were used as copolymers
along with sodium alginate.
Role of Novel Drug Delivery Systems in Bioavailability Enhancement: At A Glance
Authors: Abhinav Mehta , Neha Jain , Anne Grobler , Bharti Vandana
Published: August 2017

Novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) are one of the most strategies which enable to overcome the problems related to drug
bioavailability. It is the rate and extent to which a drug becomes available to the target tissue after its administration. Most
of the new drugs used today have poor bioavailability and are required to be administered at higher doses because only a
small fraction of the administered dose is absorbed in the systemic circulation and able to reach the target site. This results
in the wastage of major amount of drug and lead to adverse effects. Pharmaceutical technology mainly focuses on
enhancing the solubility and permeability of drugs with lower bioavailability. Nanotechnology is the concept used in
NDDS that enables a weight reduction of drug particles accompanied by an increase in stability and improved functionality.
Various approaches such as nanosuspensions, liposomes, niosomes, nanoemulsions, cubosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles
(SLN), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), cyclodextrins, phytosome etc., are used for the enhancement of bioavailability.
The present review focuses on the different approaches used for bioavailability enhancement along with their advantages
and disadvantages.
Antacid Studies of Newly Developed Polyherbal Formulation
Authors: Mazumder Joydeep , Pathak Devender , Kumria Rachna
Published: August 2017

A lot of herbal plants are used across the globe to remedy various diseases. Herbal treatment is an alternative form for
medicine where natural herbs and their extracts are used to cure a situation. Some drugs are proved to contain
pharmaceutical ingredients suitable for treatment of stomach acidity or ulcers. The present work deals with the claim that
a polyherbal formulation can be formulated which can be used as an alternative to already existing antacid formulations in
the market. Therefore, some selected herbs with the tendency to neutralize acid in the stomach are selected and a
formulation is formed. Microemulsion of oil showed higher stability with droplet size in the range of 110-410nm. The
product then screened for in vitro antacid properties which showed significant positive response
Tulsi Oil Loaded Biocompatible, Stable Organogel with Improved Physical Stability and Prolonged Activity.
Authors: S. Deokar , Priyanka Sadgir , J. Kshirsagar , D. Kakulte , M. Patil
Published: August 2017

Tulsi oil, though reported to be affective against broad spectrum bacteria and fungi the simple conventional gel
formulations could not enter the clinical trials due to instability of Tulsi oil. Microbial growth in the formulation, phase
separation and incompatibility with aqueous components are the major concerns associated with formulation and
development involving Tulsi oil as the active component. In last few decades several studies have been carried out by
Indian scientists and researchers to suggest the role of essential oils and Eugenol in therapeutic potentials of Ocimum
sanctum Linn. Eugenol is a phenolic compound and major constituent of essential oils extracted from different parts of
Tulsi plant. Various workers have tried extract of Ocimum sanctum against some well known fungal etiological agents as
Candida albicans. Candidiasis is a very common disease not only in human but also in animals and therefore always has
been a challenge to scientist. Overgrowth of several species including albicans can cause superficial infections such as
oropharyngealcandidiasis (thrush) and vulvo vaginal candidiasis (vaginal candidiasis). Oral candidiasis is common in
elderly denture wearers. In otherwise healthy individuals, these infections can be cured with topical or systemic antifungal
medications (commonly over-the-counter antifungal treatments like miconazole or clotrimazole). Ointments, creams,
liquid preparations, powders, aerosols, gels are various topical drug delivery systems. A ternary plot depicting proportions
of water, Tulsi oil and surfactant mixture with gelator, was prepared to predict the gelling compositions. To figure out the
area of ternary plot fulfilling MIC, antifungal susceptibility testing of Tulsi oil was carried out. In- vitro diffusion study
was done and percent release was quantified in terms of Eugenol. Further Stability studies were performed. HET- CAM
test was carried out to assess biocompatibility. The drug release was found to follow Korsmeyer-peppas model with zero
order release pattern which was supported by higher release exponent value, indicating super case II transport systems. The
optimized organogel showed shelf life of 54, 42, and 22 days at 40C, 250C, 500C respectively and was found to be
biocompatible and physically stable for longer period as compared to conventional Tulsi oil gel formulation. The present
study highlights the usefulness of approach selected for study to improve the formulation aspects in terms of physical
stability of oily active components.
Formulation of Chloramphenicol In situ Ophthalmic Gels Using Different Matrix Combinations
Authors: Y. Chaerunisaa , S. Warya , N. Putri , N. Haque
Published: August 2017

In situ ophthalmic gel is solution which form a gel when it is placed onto the eyes. It is intended to have a longer contact
time in order to improve the response of therapy. In this experiment, In situ ophthalmic gels were formulated by using
Chloramphenicol 0.5% and matrix combination of either 0.4% Hydroxy Propyl Cellulose (HPC) or 0.2% Hydroxy Propyl
Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) with Sodium Alginate 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6%. All formulas were sterilized by autoclave at 1150C
for 30 minutes. Physical evaluation including organoleptic, pH, viscosity, and drug content showed that all formulas
fulfilled the ophthalmic gel requirements according to USP and Indonesian Pharmacopoiea. From rheological study, it can
be concluded that the gels had pseudoplastic flow. Either matrix combination of HPC or HPMC with sodium alginate were
in solution form during storage and formed a gel once contacted with Simulated Tear Fluids (STF) at 37oC, which reflected
eyes condition. Chloramphenicol release from all in situ gels formulations showed sustained release profiles, and 80%
release of drugs were retarded to four hours. Antibiotic potency tests of ophthalmic in situ gels showed that formulation
with HPC and sodium alginate matrix (F1, F2 and F3) had potency of 99.22, 98.45, and 96.97% against Staphylococcus
aureus as well as 96.46, 96.68, and 96.49% against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while that with HPMC and sodium alginate
matrix (F4, F5 and F6) had potency of 99.87, 98.45 and 95.58 against Staphylococcus aureus as well as 97.66, 95.05 and
94.42% against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It can be concluded that in situ gel system with either HPC or HPMC in
combination with sodium alginate provide sustained release of chloramphenicol. Formulation process, including
sterilization did not affect antibiotic potency since it remained in the range of potency value requirements.
Formualtion and Evaluation of Punica Topical Gel for its Content of Gallic Acid and Anti-Microbial Study
Authors: Chalke Tejaswi , Sharma Krishna , Nagare S. , Jirge S.
Published: August 2017

Dried, powdered peel of Punica granatum was extracted with aqueous as solvent using soxhlet. Topical formulation gels
were formulated with different combination of polymers and aqueous extract of punica. These formulations were evaluated
for their physicochemical parameters, viscosity, spreadability, gallic acid content (by HPLC) and antimicrobial activity.
Gel was successfully formulated and evaluated for the pharmaceutical parameters of the formulation and also for the
content of gallic acid (3.5%). The gel gave very well anti bacterial and anti fungal activity. The in-house punica gel showed
most effective antimicrobial activity against B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa, K. Pneumonia, A. niger.
Chronotherapeutic Drug Delivery of Ezetimibe Using Press Coating Technology
Authors: Neeraja Singa , Krishna E. , Sultana Shaheen , P. Ambedkar
Published: August 2017

In the present research work pulsatile drug delivery system of Ezetimibe tablets were formulated by employing
compression coating technology. Initially the core tablets were prepared by using various concentrations of super
disintegrants, the formulated core tablets were coated with the polymers by using compression coating technology. All the
core and press coated tablet formulations were subjected to various evaluation tests. The inner core formulated with ethyl
cellulose and outer core with Eudragit L- 100. Invitro release of Ezetimibe of core tablet formulations F4 was optimized
and showed less amount of drug release during lag time. Time dependent pulsatile drug delivery system has been achieved
from tablet of formulation F4 which meets demand of chronotherapeutic for drug delivery.
Controlled in Vitro Release of Levodopa from Sodium Alginate Membranes
Authors: Franco Margarida , Biscaia Sara , Viana Tânia , Alves Nuno , Morouço Pedro
Published: August 2017

Levodopa (LD) plays a central role in Parkinson’s Disease therapeutics. In this study, we aimed to encapsulate LD in
sodium alginate (SA) membranes, and to study its dissolution profiles. Two types of SA membranes, loaded with two
different amounts of LD were prepared and compared (M1: 85 mg per 50 ml SA/LD; M2: 127.5 mg per 75 ml SA/LD);
membranes production followed a solvent-casting methodology. Calcium chloride was used as a crosslinking agent. LD
solubility tests were performed to predict sink conditions required for complete drug dissolution. LD dissolution assays
were carried out and UV spectrophotometry was used for cumulative release percentage determination. The obtained data
were mathematically evaluated and fitted into mathematical dependent models; the difference factor (f1), the similarity
factor (f2) and other parameters like dissolution efficiency (DE) were also used. No differences in the dissolution profiles
of both membranes were noticed. Thus, increasing the amount of LD, but keeping the same concentration, led to a similar
controlled release. The membranes presented in this work are expected to be a promising contribution in the development
of a new controlled drug delivery system for LD administration.
Evaluation of Formulation Parameters for Development of Aceclofenac Nanosuspension Using Doe Statistical Tool
Authors: Shivkant Sharma , Roshan Issarani , Prakash Nagori
Published: August 2017

InThe objective of present study was to identify and evaluate formulation variables affecting characteristics of
nanosuspension formulations. Full factorial design experimental methodology was used for development of aceclofenac
nanosuspension. Formulation factors evaluated were drug to polymer (Polyvinyl alcohol) ratio, amount of surfactant
(Sodium dodecyl sulphate) relative to drug and solvent employed for carrying the drug. Total 18 formulations were
prepared and their saturation solubility in distilled water and z average particle size were regarded as responses in this
study. The response surface methodology utilizing polynomial equation was used to quantify the effect of each formulation
variables. All three variables exerted significant effect on particle size and saturation solubility. Optimized
nanosuspensions were obtained using numerical optimization technique by the desirability approach. The optimum
formulation parameters were found to be 400% w/w of drug to polymer ratio and 7.5% w/w of amount of SDS for both
solvents. The best optimized formulation obtained from ethanol showed significantly improved saturation solubility 255.39
µg/ml, particle size 477.7 nm and better dissolution efficiency (DE05) 59.77%. The absence of interactions between drug
and polymers was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that polyvinyl
alcohol was successfully employed for the development of nanosuspension of aceclofenac with higher dissolution
efficiency leading to better oral bioavailability.
Photostability Study on Character and Antioxidant Activity of Tomato Extract (Solanum lycopersicum l.) in Nanostructured Lipid Carrier
(NLC) and Conventional Creame
Authors: Rosita Noorma , Haryadi Dewi , Erawati Tristiana , Nanda Rossa , Soeratri Widji
Published: August 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of NLC in increasing photostability of tomato extract in term of
antioxidant activity. Photostability testing on antioxidant activity of samples were conducted by accelerating method using
UVB radiation 32.400 joule for 21 hours radiation. Antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH method. NLC was made
by High Shear Homogenization (HPH) method at 24000 rpm for 4 cycles, while conventional creame was made by low
speed at 400 rpm. The product were characterized include: pH, viscosity, and particle size. There were had difference
characters and physical stability. NLC had smaller size, more homogenous and more stable than conventional creame. It
was known that stability of antioxidant activity of tomato extract in NLC system higher than in conventional creame. That
was showed with k value, as constanta of rate scavenging activity decreasing in antioxidant power between time (Sigma
2-tail less than 0.005) of NLC and conventional creame were: 2.03x10-2 %/hour ±0.08 (3.94) and 4.71x 10-2 %/ hour ±0.23 (4.88)
respectively.
Design, Development and Evaluation of N-Mannich Base Prodrugs of Norfloxacin For In Vitro Release Behavior and Antimicrobial Properties
Authors: Chander Sharma , Mona Piplani
Published: August 2017

In this research work, prodrugs of norfloxacin with various benzothiazoles were synthesized and studied for hydrolytic
studies at various physiological pH. The results indicated that all of the prodrugs exhibited more and faster hydrolysis
mainly in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) rather than in HCl buffer (pH 1.2). These prodrugs were characterized by FTIR, 1H
NMR, mass spectroscopy and physical analysis. The synthesized prodrugs showed better partition coefficient as compared
to parent compound, norfloxacin. All of the prodrugs were tested for antimicrobial activity against selected microbial
strains. Among the synthesized prodrugs, M1 was found to exhibit significant antibacterial efficacy having MIC 6.25 µg/ml
against S. aureus MTCC 96 and prodrug M6 depicted good antibacterial activity (MIC 6.25 µg/ml) against E. coli MTCC
443 when compared with norfloxacin (MIC 10 µg/ml). Prodrugs M2 and M4 showed comparable activity against E. coli
MTCC 443 and P. aeruginosa MTCC 1688 respectively to standard drug norfloxacin. The antibacterial activity of prodrug
M4 (MIC 25 µg/ml) was found to be better than ciprofloxacin (MIC 50 µg/ml) against S. pyogenus MTCC 442. Moreover,
prodrugs M4 and M6 possessed better antifungal activities (MIC 250, 75 µg/ml respectively) against C. albicans MTCC
227 while M2 showed significant potency against A. niger MTCC 282 and A. clavatus MTCC 1323 (MIC 50 µg/ml)
compared to standard drug nystatin (MIC 100 µg/ml).
A nosocomial measles outbreak in Italy, February-April 2017
Authors: Porretta Andrea , Quattrone Filippo , Aquino Francesco , Pieve Giulio , Bruni Beatrice , Gemignani Giulia , Vatteroni Maria Linda , Pistello Mauro , Privitera Gaetano Pierpaolo , Lopalco Pier Luigi
Published: August 2017

We describe a nosocomial outbreak of measles that occurred in an Italian hospital during the first months of 2017, involving 35 persons and including healthcare workers, support personnel working in the hospital, visitors and community contacts. Late diagnosis of the first case, support personnel not being promptly recognised as hospital workers and diffusion of the infection in the emergency department had a major role in sustaining this outbreak.
Imported case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection from Oman to Thailand, June 2015
Authors: Plipat Tanarak , Buathong Rome , Wacharapluesadee Supaporn , Siriarayapon Potjaman , Pittayawonganon Chakrarat , Sangsajja Chariya , Kaewpom Thongchai , Petcharat Sininat , Ponpinit Teerada , Jumpasri Jaruphan , Joyjinda Yutthana , Rodpan Apaporn , Ghai Siriporn , Jittmittraphap Akanitt , Khongwichit Sarawut , Smith Duncan R , Corman Victor M , Drosten Christian , Hemachudha Thiravat
Published: August 2017

Thailand reported the first Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) case on 18 June 2015 (day 4) in an Omani patient with heart condition who was diagnosed with pneumonia on hospital admission on 15 June 2015 (day 1). Two false negative RT-PCR on upper respiratory tract samples on days 2 and 3 led to a 48-hour diagnosis delay and a decision to transfer the patient out of the negative pressure unit (NPU). Subsequent examination of sputum later on day 3 confirmed MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection. The patient was immediately moved back into the NPU and then transferred to Bamrasnaradura Infectious Disease Institute. Over 170 contacts were traced; 48 were quarantined and 122 self-monitored for symptoms. High-risk close contacts exhibiting no symptoms, and whose laboratory testing on the 12th day after exposure was negative, were released on the 14th day. The Omani Ministry of Health (MOH) was immediately notified using the International Health Regulation (IHR) mechanism. Outbreak investigation was conducted in Oman, and was both published on the World Health Organization (WHO) intranet and shared with Thailand’s IHR focal point. The key to successful infection control, with no secondary transmission, were the collaborative efforts among hospitals, laboratories and MOHs of both countries.
Modeling Individual Preferences for Ownership and Sharing of Autonomous Vehicle Technologies
Authors: Lavieri Patrícia S. , Garikapati Venu M. , Bhat Chandra R. , Pendyala Ram M. , Astroza Sebastian , Dias Felipe F.
Published: August 2017

Considerable interest exists in modeling and forecasting the effects of autonomous vehicles on travel behavior and transportation network performance. In an autonomous vehicle (AV) future, individuals may privately own such vehicles, use mobility-on-demand services provided by transportation network companies that operate shared AV fleets, or adopt a combination of those two options. This paper presents a comprehensive model system of AV adoption and use. A generalized, heterogeneous data model system was estimated with data collected as part of the Puget Sound, Washington, Regional Travel Study. The results showed that lifestyle factors play an important role in shaping AV usage. Younger, urban residents who are more educated and technologically savvy are more likely to be early adopters of AV technologies than are older, suburban and rural individuals, a fact that favors a sharing-based service model over private ownership. Models such as the one presented in this paper can be used to predict the adoption of AV technologies, and such predictions will, in turn, help forecast the effects of AVs under alternative future scenarios.
T-1 pedicle subtraction osteotomy for the treatment of rigid cervical kyphotic deformity: report of 4 cases
Authors: Tobin Matthew K. , Birk Daniel M. , Rangwala Shivani D. , Siemionow Krzysztof , Schizas Constantin , Neckrysh Sergey
Published: August 2017

Cervical kyphotic deformity represents a difficult to treat pathology often arising from multiple factors including, but not limited to, traumatic injuries, degenerative changes, and ankylosing spondylitis. Furthermore, treatment of these deformities becomes increasingly difficult with any preexisting instrumentation. Currently, several options exist to treat these severe deformities, with the Smith-Petersen osteotomy and C-7 pedicle subtraction osteotomy being the most frequently used approaches. However, these techniques come with significant risk to the patient including nerve root injury as well as compression of the vertebral arteries. The authors here report on a series of 4 patients with rigid cervical deformity who underwent T-1 pedicle subtraction osteotomy. The authors review the relevant literature and provide a novel, less risky, and potentially more corrective approach for treating cervical deformities.