bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TERATOGEN SEBAGAI FAKTOR RISIKO PADA HIDROSEFALUS: SEBUAH TINJAUAN LITERATUR
Authors: Dharmadhyaksa I Kadek Okta , Khasanah Ismi Uswatun , Ananda Yuzi Putra , Silka Shellyna Fidya , Kusrohmaniah Sri , Sulastri Augustina
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau pengaruh teratogen terhadap hidrosefalus melalui studi literatur. Hidrosefalus merupakan kondisi neurologis serius yang disebabkan oleh akumulasi cairan serebrospinal di otak. Salah satu faktor risiko utama adalah paparan teratogen selama kehamilan. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah tinjauan literatur dengan menggunakan 17 dari 51 studi yang membahas dampak teratogen dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Teratogen yang dibahas meliputi alkohol (etanol), obat-obatan seperti misoprostol, infeksi virus dan bakteri seperti cytomegalovirus, serta paparan senyawa kimia seperti retinoid acid dan logam berat. Sumber literatur yang diambil sebagian besar adalah case-control study, retrospective study, case study, experimental, dan clinical report. Hasil tinjauan menunjukkan bahwa teratogen ini sangat mudah ditemui di dalam keseharian masyarakat Indonesia, terutama masyarakat yang hidup di daerah miskin atau di daerah sekitar tambang. Hasil ini bisa menjadi dasar dalam penyusunan intervensi lanjutan terhadap pola hidup sehat masyarakat, maupun dasar dalam pengkajian ulang kebijakan-kebijakan pemerintah yang berkaitan dengan lingkungan.
Edukasi Pencegahan Penyakit Tidak Menular Melalui Gerakan Remaja CERDIK
Authors: Sari Puspita , Ridwan M. , Nasution Helmi Suryani , Reskiaddin La Ode , Kasyani Kasyani
Published: January 2025

Non-communicable diseases are the highest cause of death in Indonesia at 64%. The increase in deaths occurred due to high non-communicable diseases. The prevalence of non-communicable diseases has increased such as cancer reaching 1.8%, stroke 10.9%, chronic kidney disease at 3.8%, diabetes mellitus 8.5%, and hypertension 34.1%. This activity aims to provide health education about healthy lifestyles that must be applied from an early age in order to avoid non-communicable diseases with preventive and promotive steps. The activity was carried out by providing material on the prevention of non-communicable diseases through the CERDIK youth movement in Danau Embat Village, Batang Hari Regency in August 2024 with 35 adolescent subjects. Activities are carried out with the pre-test stage, the education and discussion implementation stage and the evaluation stage with the post-test. PkM activities with the acquisition of pre-test scores with a mean value of comparison between pre-test post-test is 1.70. There were also 27 (77%) respondents who increased their knowledge, 4 (11.5%) respondents who remained knowledgeable and 4 (11.5%) respondents who decreased their knowledge. The results of the bivariate analysis test with Wilcoxon T-Test on Pre-test and Post-test respondents showed a p value = 0.001 <0.05, so it can be concluded statistically that there is a significant difference in knowledge between knowledge before and after education.
Prevalência e fatores associados ao tabagismo materno durante a gestação em um município do recôncavo da Bahia: coorte nisami
Authors: Souza Maria Carla de Jesus , Pereira Danielly Barreto Rangel , Santana Jerusa da Mota , Dos Santos Djanilson Barbosa
Published: January 2025

Objetivou-se estimar a prevalência e investigar os fatores associados ao tabagismo entre gestantes em Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia. Trata-se de um estudo transversal aninhado a uma coorte de gestantes do município de Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia, com uma amostra de 1156 mulheres, atendidas em dezesseis Unidades de Saúde da Família, no período de 2012 a 2015. Informações sobre tabagismo e características socioeconômicas, demográficas, de saúde reprodutiva e estilo de vida foram obtidas por meio de questionário padronizado. Considerou-se tabagista quem afirmou fumar no período gestacional, independente da frequência e da duração do hábito. Os dados foram digitados no EpiData versão 3.0 e analisados utilizando o programa estatístico STATA versão 12.0. A associação entre o hábito de fumar e as características maternas foi analisada utilizando a técnica de regressão logística. A magnitude da associação foi estimada pelo cálculo das odds ratio (OR) brutas e ajustadas com intervalo de 95% de confiança (IC95%). A prevalência do hábito de fumar na gravidez foi 3,3% (IC95%: 2,0-4,0). Os fatores associados ao hábito de fumar foram: ser multípara (OR=7,1; IC95%: 2,6-19,9), uso de álcool (OR=5,1; IC95%: 1,2-22,1) e outro tipo de droga (OR=8,6; IC95%: 2,4-30,6). A prevalência do tabagismo materno comparada a outros estudos foi considerada baixa. Porém, faz-se necessário que intervenções mais enfáticas sejam dirigidas às gestantes com os fatores de vulnerabilidade encontrados.
The regulation of public-private partnerships in the economy: A case study of the emerging market
Authors: Qwader Amjad Salem Younes , Al Sharif Bader Mustafa Mahmoud
Published: January 2025

The study investigated the impact of public-private partnerships (PPP) sectors and their dimensions (legal legislation, political challenges, financial challenges, administrative challenges, and weak public awareness) on economic growth in Jordan. The study used a descriptive-analytical approach, distributing a questionnaire to a hundred individuals, including administrative and financial managers of private companies involved in PPP. Ninety-five responses were collected and analyzed using a Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to estimate simple and multiple linear regression parameters, providing insights into the nature of PPP sectors. The study found that PPP sectors are essential for economic growth, leveraging the private sector’s experience and competencies. It also emphasized the need for more support and incentives for the private sector and the establishment of true PPP sectors through joint projects between the public and private sectors. These findings are crucial for policymakers and stakeholders involved in economic development. Understanding the role of PPP sectors can lead to more effective policies and strategies to promote economic growth and enhance the collaboration between the public and private sectors. As a result, the study recommended providing more support and incentives to the private sector, recognizing its active role in the economy.
Accounting measurement of environmental performance costs and its impact on the quality of financial reports
Authors: Alshehadeh Abdul Razzak , Elrefae Ghaleb , Al-Shayea Qeethara Kadhim , Makhlouf Mohammed Hassan , Eletter Shorouq Fathi Kamel
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to investigate the impact of accounting measurement of environmental performance cost elements on the quality of financial reporting information for industrial companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE). The study population comprised all 53 companies listed on the ASE at the end of 2022. A questionnaire was used to collect primary data related to measuring the elements of the independent variable (ongoing environmental costs — OEC, capital environmental costs — CEC, and previous environmental costs — PEC) and an applied approach to measure the dependent variable, represented by the quality of financial reporting information. Multiple and simple regression tests were used to assess the relationship between the study variables. The results showed that the accounting measurement of current environmental performance costs had the most significant impact on achieving the quality of financial reporting information, followed by the capital environmental performance costs variable, and lastly, the previous environmental performance costs variable. These findings suggest a positive relationship between the dimensions of accounting measurement of environmental performance costs and the quality of financial reporting information, indicating that as the use of accounting measurement of environmental performance costs increases, the quality of financial reporting information for the studied companies also improves.
Weather identification using models based on deep learning
Authors: Nahar Afroza , Rudro Rifat Al Mamun , Faisal Bakhtiar Atiq , Al Sohan Md. Faruk Abdullah , Kumar Laveet
Published: January 2025

Accurate weather forecasting is increasingly crucial as climate change intensifies the unpredictability of weather patterns, posing challenges to traditional forecasting models reliant on human observation or numerical methods. Researchers are working on precise weather forecasting to improve our preparedness, enabling fast response to any disaster. Among other techniques, deep learning is a prudent method to predict weather forecasts since it can automatically learn and train from a vast amount of data to generate and portray accurate features of an incident. This study evaluates deep learning techniques for weather forecasting based on different meteorological characteristics. This paper examines a few weather variables to evaluate the prediction performance of several deep learning solutions using TensorFlow and pre-trained Keras applications models. For this purpose, the top ten accuracy-based deep learning model architectures have been investigated and evaluated. The operation of each model is distinct. Models like EfficientNetB7, ResNet, MobileNet, VGG19, Xception Inception, ResNetV2, and VGG16 employ a combination of image classification and deep learning models to predict the weather. The WEAPD dataset of 6877 images representing 11 weather phenomena categories was utilized, and the models were trained and validated using an 80:10:10 split. Predictions, extraction of features, and fine-tuning of models were achieved with an accuracy of up to 83.39%. Most models performed well in image classification, enhancing the proposed framework and achieving significant precision in generating weather photos and reports.
Mathematical and finite element modelling of sustainable portable grain segregation system for the HDPE industry
Authors: Ansari Muhammad Huzaifa , Pasha Riffat Asim , Khawaja Amar Ul Hassan , Muhammad Muzammil Chaudry , Akram Uzair , Ismail Maryam
Published: January 2025

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe manufacturers have difficulties when contaminants are introduced in HDPE grains during recycling, resulting in irregular sizes and quality problems. Cleaning by hand takes a lot of time, especially when managing a 130 kg grain load every day. The current research focuses on designing a portable segregation system that replaces traditional techniques while requiring less Labor and a shorter manufacturing time that meets engineering standards with versatile industrial applications. The core objective is to develop a process for efficiently screening HDPE grain with different size meshes while taking care to handle the material with care to avoid any damage or deterioration by replacing traditional methods. The Grain Segregation System is used as a precise and space-efficient linear segregation technology to remove undesirable detritus affordably with three sieve plates ASTM E11 6.3 mm, 3.5 mm, and 2 mm pore sizes. The crank-slider mechanism is the working principle, powered by an AC motor. It works well for separating dry particles but has limitations for wet particles. Substituting sieve meshes, helps companies strive for effective grain segregation because of its easy operation, low maintenance requirements, and versatility. Furthermore, the mathematical modelling, structural, and Modal analysis of the design is investigated, to check the durability of the design under stresses using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) techniques. This research is not only sustainable in terms of safety, but in cost also as it reduces cost up to 65% depending upon the market value which ranges from 1000 – 4000 US Dollars.
Innovative use of brick waste for eco-friendly treatment of indigo dye house wastewater: An approach towards waste to resource
Authors: Imad Hafiz Usama , Mahar Rasool Bux , Pathan Ashfaque Ahmed , Shehzad Shayan , Osama Muhammad , Naeem Faiz
Published: January 2025

The textile industry is the backbone of Pakistan’s economy, holding a share of 57% in total exports of Pakistan but also possessing several environmental challenges due to the discharge of highly contaminated wastewater. On the other hand, construction and demolition waste is another threat to the environment because of its massive quantity and large area requirement for its disposal. This study explores the use of waste bricks as a sustainable medium to treat textile wastewater. Waste bricks, sourced from construction debris in Hyderabad, were crushed, cleaned, and used in the treatment system. Composite samples of textile effluent were collected from a textile factory in Nooriabad, Sindh, and treated in a brick column treatment system over 14 days. Key parameters such as pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), hardness, chloride concentration, chemical oxygen demand (COD), dye concentration, electrical conductivity (EC), and total solids (TS) were monitored using standard methods. The results revealed that the waste brick filtration system effectively reduced various pollutants within four2 days and improved further, with significant decreases in COD (94%), dye concentration (99%) , and turbidity (91%) after 14 days, indicating that waste bricks can be a green alternative for wastewater treatment, promoting the concept of “using waste to treat waste” and contributing to environmental sustainability.
Assessing excavatability in varied rockmass conditions using real-time data and machine learning technique
Authors: Pathan Shafi Muhammad , Pathan Abdul Ghani , Memon Muhammad Saad
Published: January 2025

This study investigates shovel excavation performance across various rockmass conditions by integrating real-time performance assessments, rockmass property analysis, and machine learning techniques. Correlation analysis revealed significant positive relationships between Total Loading Time (TLT) and selected rock properties, specifically uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), tensile strength (TS) cohesion (C), and moisture content (M), while a negative correlation was observed with wet bulk density (WBD). Pareto analysis further highlighted C, UCS, and TS as the most impactful factors, cumulatively accounting for 56% of the total effect on excavation performance. A multiple linear regression model, using TLT as the dependent variable and significant rock properties (C, UCS, M) as predictors, achieved a strong correlation (R=0.76) and explained 76% of the variance, demonstrating the model’s effectiveness in estimating shovel performance. K-nearest neighbors (KNN) classification, optimized with a k-value of 7 and Manhattan distance, achieved a high accuracy of 99.43% in categorizing the excavation difficulty into four distinct classes. The frequency distribution of TLT data indicates that most materials in the pit fall under “Very Easy” and “Easy” classes, simplifying excavation processes. This research underscores the importance of the key rock properties in evaluating the excavation performance predictions and support optimized operational strategies in mining. Future work could expand on these findings by using additional machine learning techniques and exploring non-linear models to capture complex relationships.
Validating aggregates and bitumen characteristics in road maintenance and safety management for motorizing countries using multidimensional diagrammatic models
Authors: Sheeraz Khawaja , Memon Naeem Aziz , Memon Aftab Hameed , Memon Nafees Ahmed , Jafri Syed Faraz
Published: January 2025

Maintenance and management systems are essential parameters that align with traffic safety. The dependent factors include traffic accidents on blackspots, contributory causes like pavement and geometric features, and human or vehicle issues. As per the research, more than 75% of accidents are reported due to the deteriorated conditions of the roads in a metropolitan city, Karachi, Pakistan. The consistent feature is the lack of consideration in the adopted strategies of the city, which are based on routine and periodic maintenance procedures. Unfortunately, Karachi, which has an extensive infrastructure, is seriously affected with road delaminations and cracks. Due to limited budget requirements, the city's infrastructure is deficient in pre and post-maintenance techniques. For post phases, it is required to establish the confirmatory experimental protocols for pavement sections to which road failures are observed after initial surveys and investigations. It may be directly associated with the aggregates and bitumen testing on sections of blackspots. It is evident from the statistics that around 45% to 65% of the sections are being influenced by pavement characteristics while evaluating the existing road cracks. It is also compared with the design guidelines of similar sections to identify the gaps in the existing data. The novelty in the paper deals with the usability of accident and failure data for verification of material characteristics conditioned to the industry data. The verification data entails the standard properties of asphalt. The paper enables the working of diagrammatic models in which multidimensional factors, connections of model parameters, and recommendations are elaborated.
Effect of cooling and freezing on the kinematic parameters of ram spermatozoa sexed by modified protocol with TLR7/8 ligand R848
Authors: Yotov Stanimir , Kistanova Elena , Atanasov Аnatoli , Ivanova Boyana , Zaimova Darina
Published: January 2025

The present study investigated the effect of sex-sorting by TLR7/8 ligand
R848, cooling and cryopreservation on the motility and kinematic
characteristics of ram spermatozoa for the first time. Four ejaculates per
ram (n=2) were collected, pooled and after that were split to 8 equal parts.
Four parts were used for sexing and four parts were analyzed as unsexed
semen. The sperm sexing was done by application of the TLR7/8 ligand R848
(resiquimod). Diluted with freezing extender unsexed and sex-sorted semen
were cooled in a refrigerator at temperature 5?C for 5 hours and after that
freeze/thawed. Each part of semen at each step of the experiment was
subjected to computer assisted semen analysis for evaluation of motility and
speed parameters of spermatozoa. After sexing the significant reducing of
kinematic parameters in both fractions were observed. The dilution of sexed
spermatozoa with freezing extender before cooling reliably increased the
progressive motility and speed parameters as VCL, VAP, and VSL in X- and
Y-fractions and kept them during the cooling at relatively high level.
Freezing adversely impaired the motility of sexed spermatozoa. The values of
speed parameters of unsexed spermatozoa after thawing were significantly
higher than those of X and Y spermatozoa. Dilution with an appropriate
freezing extender and cooling are most suitable approaches for storing of
sexed ram spermatozoa.
Fibrinous pericarditis in slaughtered pigs: Impact on welfare, growth performance and carcass and meat quality
Authors: Pajicic Djordje , Kovacevic Sara , Suvajdzic Branko , Grkovic Nevena , Vicic Ivan , Karabasil Nedjeljko , Cobanovic Nikola
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to determine the effects of fibrinous pericarditis on blood
welfare indicators, performance indices and carcass and meat quality of
slaughtered pigs. From a total of 144 examined pig hearts, the presence of
fibrinous pericarditis was recorded in 25.69% cases. The presence of
fibrinous pericarditis in slaughtered pigs was significantly associated with
decreased (P<0.0001) blood lactate and glucose levels. The presence of
fibrinous pericarditis in slaughtered pigs was significantly associated with
reduced average lifetime daily weight gain (P=0.0042), live weight
(P=0.0045), hot carcass weight (P=0.0045), cold carcass weight (P=0.0045)
and lean meat content (P<0.0001). Consequently, pigs showing fibrinous
pericarditis produced the lower (P<0.0001) percentage of ?E? class
carcasses, but the higher (P=0.0079) percentage of ?R? class carcasses. Pigs
without fibrinous pericarditis produced the better meat quality, with the
higher (P=0.0465) percentage of red, firm and nonexudative meat. In
contrast, the presence of fibrinous pericarditis in slaughtered pigs was
significantly associated with abnormally elevated final meat pH (P<0.0001),
high water-holding capacity (lower drip loss; P<0.0001) and unfavourable
dark colour (higher lightness and yellowness; P<0.0001). As a result, pigs
showing fibrinous pericarditis produced the highest percentage of dark, firm
and dry meat (P=0.0002). In conclusion, assessing fibrinous pericarditis at
the slaughterline has the potential to serve not only as an indirect
indicator of pig health and welfare on the farm of origin but also of growth
performance, carcass and pork quality.
Large-Scale Plasma Proteomics Improves Prediction of Peripheral Artery Disease in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Yu Hancheng , Zhang Jijuan , Qian Frank , Yao Pang , Xu Kun , Wu Ping , Li Rui , Qiu Zixin , Li Ruyi , Zhu Kai , Li Lin , Geng Tingting , Yu Xuefeng , Li Danpei , Liao Yunfei , Pan An , Liu Gang
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVE

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a significant complication of type 2 diabetes (T2D), yet the association between plasma proteomics and PAD in people with T2D remains unclear. We aimed to explore the relationship between plasma proteomics and PAD in individuals with T2D, and assess whether proteomics could refine PAD risk prediction.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This cohort study included 1,859 individuals with T2D from the UK Biobank. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models were used to explore associations between 2,920 plasma proteins and incident PAD. Proteins were further selected as predictors using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) penalty. Predictive performance was assessed using Harrell's C-index, time-dependent area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, continuous/categorical net reclassification improvement, and integrated discrimination improvement.

RESULTS

Over a median follow-up of 13.2 years, 157 incident PAD cases occurred. We observed 463 proteins associated with PAD risk, primarily involved in pathways related to signal transduction, inflammatory response, plasma membrane, protein binding, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions. Ranking by P values, the top five proteins associated with increased PAD risk included EDA2R, ADM, NPPB, CD302, and NPC2, while BCAN, UMOD, PLB1, CA6, and KLK3 were the top five proteins inversely associated with PAD risk. Incorporating 45 LASSO-selected proteins or a weighted protein risk score significantly enhanced PAD prediction beyond clinical variables alone, reaching a maximum C-index of 0.835.

CONCLUSIONS

This study identified plasma proteins associated with PAD risk in individuals with T2D. Adding proteomic data into the clinical model significantly improved PAD prediction.
Association between Atopic Dermatitis and Dementia: Evidence from Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Mendelian Randomization
Authors: Gwak Yeon-Su , Kim Seo-Yeon , Woo Chae-Eon , Shin Kihyuk , Son Eunjeong , Kim Jin-Woo , Kim Sung-Jin , Song Tae-Jin , Park Hae Ryoun , Kim Kihun , Ko Dai Sik , Kim Yun Hak
Published: January 2025

Recent cohort studies suggest a potential association between atopic dermatitis and dementia, though the evidence remains conflicting. This study aims to elucidate the association between atopic dermatitis and dementia employing systematic review, meta-analysis, and Mendelian randomization (MR). A comprehensive search was performed to select eligible cohort studies using Medline, Embase, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and the Web of Science database. In MR analysis, genomic data from the Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) (864,982 European individuals) for atopic dermatitis cases and dementia cases were obtained from the MRBase. Statistical analyses included the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, sensitivity tests, and MR-PRESSO for outliers. The adjustment accounted for various factors, including sex, age, smoking status, and other medical comorbidities, along with several additional variables. In the systematic review and meta-analysis, 5 longitudinal cohort studies (12,576,235 participants) indicated a significant association between atopic dermatitis and all-cause dementia (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.07–1.23). Subgroup analyses revealed an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.18 (95% CI: 1.08–1.27) for Alzheimer’s disease in patients with atopic dermatitis, and an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.37 (95% CI: 1.21–1.55) for all-cause dementia in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. However, MR analysis showed no significant causal link between atopic dermatitis and dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, or cognitive performance. While the meta-analysis revealed a significant association, MR analysis did not substantiate a significant causal link. Future research should consider demographic variables and medication influences in unravelling the intricate atopic dermatitis–dementia interplay.
Cell-free DNA Levels in Herpes Zoster: A Cross-sectional Longitudi­nal Study
Authors: Gordon Chaya Bracha , Zenaty Yaron , Ollech Ayelet , Test Gidon , Douvdevani Amos , Horev Amir
Published: January 2025

This study investigates serum cell-free DNA fluctuations in patients with herpes zoster or post-herpetic neuralgia, offering insight into the tissue damage and inflammatory dynamics associated with these conditions. A single-centre combined cross-sectional and longitudinal study was conducted with 59 patients to assess cell-free DNA levels in herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia. Cell-free DNA was extracted from blood samples of patients with herpes zoster or post-herpetic neuralgia and compared with healthy controls. The findings demonstrated elevated cell-free DNA levels in patients with herpes zoster, which remained elevated for 3 months or longer following treat-ment. These results suggest the presence of a subacute inflammatory state after herpes zoster infection. Furthermore, patients who developed post-herpetic neuralgia did not show elevated cell-free DNA levels, while those who did not develop post-herpetic neuralgia exhibited increased levels. This indicates that post-herpetic neuralgia is likely a localized response to prior nerve damage rather than a systemic inflammatory process with acute tissue damage.
Development of the Italian version of the Motricity Index and evaluation of its reliability in adults with stroke
Authors: Longo Diego , Doronzio Stefano , Piazzini Michele , Politi Angela Maria , Ciapetti Tommaso , Gerli Filippo , Barnabé Monica , Ciullini Francesca , Castagnoli Chiara , Pellegrini Ilaria , Cannobio Marta , Bardi Donata , Baccini Marco , Cecchi Francesca
Published: January 2025

Background: The Motricity Index (MI) is a commonly used method of measuring muscle strength in post-stroke hemiparesis. This study aimed to produce the MI Italian version (MI-IT) and assess its reliability in subjects with stroke.
Methods: Phase-1: stepwise approach to MI-IT production and pilot-testing with 10 health professionals to ensure clarity of each item and instructions for administration and scoring. Phase-2: evaluation of MI-IT reliability on stroke subjects, each independently assessed by 2 raters randomly selected from a group of 10 physiotherapists; the first rater re-administered the MI-IT 1–3 days later. Intraclass correlation coefficients, Spearman’s rho and, limited to the more affected side, non-parametric limits of agreement (LOA) were computed for total MI-IT scores, squared weighted kappa and percentage of observed agreement for individual item scores.
Results: The back-translated versions showed no discrepancies with original MI, but 3 items were revised after pilot-testing. Complete data on 50 (test–retest) and 51 (inter-rater) participants demonstrated excellent reliability of all MI-IT total scores on the more affected side (Spearman’s rho range: test–retest 0.953–0.975; inter-rater: 0.965–0.970), with LOA ranging from 9–25%), but poor inter-rater reliability for some scores on the less affected side (Spearman’s rho range: test–retest, 0.816–0.976; inter-rater: 0.508–0.721). Moderate to almost perfect agreement was found for all individual item scores, except for 2 items on the less affected side.
Conclusions: The MI-IT is sufficiently reliable to evaluate motor impairment of the more affected side after stroke, with acceptable measurement error for all scores.
Ethnicity and health-related quality of life in the post stroke population: a systematic review
Authors: Lee Ying Xing , Andela Cornelie D. , Jellema Korné , Schoones Johannes W. , Vliet Vlieland Thea P. M. , Arwert Henk J.
Published: January 2025

Background/Objective: A systematic review was conducted on the association between ethnicity and health-related quality of life in post-stroke populations.
Methods: In February 2024, a comprehensive search was conducted across several databases. Studies were included when they had at least 2 distinct ethnic post-stroke groups for comparison, along with the utilization of validated questionnaires to measure health-related quality of life. Two authors independently screened, selected, and evaluated studies, while 1 author extracted outcome data. When possible, effect sizes were calculated using raw data from included studies.
Results: Eleven studies were included, comprising 12,430 patients. All but 1 study found ethnic disparities in post-stroke health-related quality of life. In 8 studies, patients from minority ethnic groups had lower health-related quality of life after stroke compared with the predominant ethnic group in a country. In 2 studies, the minority group (Asians and non-Hispanic blacks, respectively) showed better outcomes compared with the majority group. In 1 study no differences were observed. In 6 studies the effect size was calculable, and ranged from small to moderate.
Conclusion: Included studies show a large heterogeneity regarding included populations and reported outcomes. Racial/ethnic disparities in stroke patients exist in most studies from different countries. Further studies are needed to investigate the background of these disparities.
Profesjonspraksis i møte med barnehagebarns fysiske aktivitet
Authors: Bjørgen Kathrine , Sivertsen Anne Holla , Kippe Karin
Published: January 2025

Fra flere hold er det uttrykt bekymringer knyttet til samfunnsendringer som påvirker barns fysiske aktivitet negativt og kan føre til uhelse (se f.eks. Helsedirektoratet, 2019). Hvordan samfunnsendringer påvirker utøvelse av barnehagepersonalets profesjonelle praksis er lite dokumentert. Målet med denne studien var å undersøke barnehagelæreres erfaringer med profesjonspraksis i fagområdet fysisk aktivitet i barnehagen. I studien har vi gjennomført semistrukturerte intervjuer med ti barnehagelærere fra ti ulike barnehager i Midt-Norge. Funnene viser at praktisk profesjonskunnskap er avgjørende i arbeidet med fysisk aktivitet i barnehagen, og at ulike barnehager har ulike praksiser. Etter endt barnehagelærerutdanning oppgir informantene svak utvkling i fagområdet både akademisk og profesjonsmessig. De etterspør ledelseskompetanse som fremmer profesjonsforståelsen gjennom kollektive prosesser og kultur for betydningen av barns fysiske aktivitet. Kollektive prosesser kan bidra til felles forståelse og motivasjon i arbeidet med å fremme barns fysiske aktivitet. Både barnehagelærerutdanningene og praksisfeltet må være mer innovativ, tilpasningsdyktig og utviklingsorientert i samsvar med samfunnsutviklingen. 
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
Professional Practice of the Subject Area of Physical Activity and Health in Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) Institutions
Concerns have been raised about societal changes that negatively impact children’s physical activity, potentially leading to ill health (Helsedirektoratet, 2019). However, little documentation exists on how these societal changes affect the professional practices of Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) teachers. This study aimed to explore ECEC teachers’ experiences with professional practice related to physical activity. Semi-structured interviews with ten ECEC teachers from ten different kindergartens in central Norway were included in this study. Findings indicate that practical professional knowledge is crucial for promoting physical activity and practices vary across different ECEC Institutions. The informants reported limited professional and academic development in this area after completing their studies. They expressed a need for greater competence in leading development that fosters professional understanding through collective processes and a culture that emphasizes the importance of children’s physical activity. Collective awareness could contribute to a common understanding and motivation to promote physical activity among children. Both kindergarten ECEC teacher training and the ECEC field of practice need to be adaptive and development-oriented to align with societal changes.
100 Acres Free, Why Need Latrines
Authors: NS Rajapaksa Hewageegana
Published: January 2025

The “100 Acres” case study in Badulla district Sri Lanka illustrates the challenges of implementing sanitation projects in
culturally sensitive areas. In 2000, the Regional Director of Health Services discovered funds for latrine construction, aimed
at reducing open defecation and improving sanitation in the district. Open defecation was recognized as a health risk, leading
to diseases like soil-transmitted helminths, diarrhea, and effects on outside health. The initial plan targeted schools, but the
apathy of the principal became evident when he indicated that the surrounding open land was sufficient for the sanitary
purposes of students, underscoring a lack of buy-in for latrines.
Shifting the focus to plantations, where open defecation was more common, the project collaborated with plantation managers
to identify needy areas. Although latrines were built and well-maintained, only a small percentage were used as intended.
Through interviews, reasons for non-usage included cultural preferences for open, airy spaces and discomfort with enclosed
areas.
The project then employed a behavioral change strategy, moving through a phased approach to gradually ease residents into
using latrines. The community gradually adjusted to the change, starting with open pits and adding incremental structures
like partial walls and eventually a roof. This method allowed for a more culturally sensitive approach to sanitation, increasing
usage over time.
The study emphasizes the importance of understanding community values and involving residents in project design. Behavioral
change is a slow process that requires trust and adaptation, especially in projects that alter daily habits. By respecting cultural
preferences and implementing phased adoption, the project achieved more sustainable outcomes, demonstrating the necessity
of aligning health interventions with local norms for genuine impact.
Rice Marketing Survey Nexus on Selected Rice Markets in Bo and Freetown Cities
Authors: PJ Kamanda , RR Momoh , A Amara , AM Kamara
Published: January 2025

A market study was conducted to determine customer preferences in selected markets and the primary elements influencing
the choice with the quality of rice which piqued considerable curiosity, given the state of the rice market. A cross-sectional
research design was used where 80 marketers in two main market locations in Bo City and 120 in the Western area specifically
Waterloo, Congo market, and Lumley markets. Fifty farmers in a parallel survey were also selected using the same approach
in Tormabum, Bum Chiefdom in Bonthe District, to estimate their annual rice harvest in the study area. Data collection was
carried out by 4 enumerators through separate on-site interviews using separate structured, pre-coded questionnaires from
respondents. The data entry template was designed in the KoboCollect tool, cleaned, and exported into IBM SPSS version 21
and Microsoft Excel 2010 for analysis, and results are presented in tables. The key finding of the study shows that consumers
preferred imported rice for its availability at all times. The study therefore recommended engagement with the diverse groups
of farming actors to assess the impact of imported rice on local rice and understanding the structure of the rice value chain for
increased local rice production and productivity.
Mini Review: Screening, Prevention, and Interventions for Frailty in Older Adults
Authors: de Araujo Edivaldo Lima , MG De Brito
Published: January 2025

Frailty is a clinical syndrome characterized by decreased physiological reserve resulting from the cumulative decline of
multiple physiological systems. This condition has significant public health implications, particularly with increased longevity
and its growing prevalence among older adults. Identifying, screening, preventing, and implementing interventions for frailty
are essential for improving the quality of life of older adults and reducing the burden on healthcare systems. This mini review
aims to evaluate the current approaches to screening, prevention, and interventions for frailty in older adults, as well as
their public health implications. The analyzed articles were published between 2013 and 2023 and were retrieved from the
PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The findings underscore the importance of integrating frailty assessments into routine
clinical practice and developing targeted public health policies to address the needs of an aging population.
Segmentation of Retinal Blood Vessels using an Attention-Gated U-Net (AG-U-Net)
Authors: YTW Carolyn , L Timing , LW Tin , HWL Henry
Published: January 2025

Retinal vessel segmentation plays a crucial role in the automated examination of fundus images for screening and diagnosing
diabetic retinopathy, a common complication of diabetes leading to sudden vision loss. Automated segmentation of retinal
vessels can detect these changes more efficiently and accurately compared to manual assessment by an ophthalmologist. The
proposed method aims to precisely identify blood vessels in retinal images while simplifying the segmentation process and
reducing computational complexity. This approach can enhance the accuracy and reliability of retinal image analysis, aiding in
the diagnosis of various eye diseases. The Attention Gated U-Net architecture is a key component in retinal image segmentation
for retinal pathologies like diabetic retinopathy, showing promising results in improving segmentation accuracy, especially in
scenarios with limited training data and ground truth. This method involves incorporating an attention mechanism into the
U-Net to focus on relevant regions of the input image, enhancing the performance of semantic segmentation models. Extensive
experiments conducted on a retinal segmentation dataset demonstrated that the proposed approach outperformed existing
methods in terms of performance.
75th IOL Anniversary Experience: A Journey from Visionary Beginnings to a Bright Future
Authors: K Pandey Suresh , Vidushi Sharma , shita Pandey
Published: January 2025

The year 2024 marks a significant milestone in the
history of ophthalmology—the 75th anniversary of the
intraocular lens (IOL), a groundbreaking innovation that
has restored sight to millions of people worldwide. Since its
invention in 1949 by Sir Harold Ridley
Nodular Fasciitis of Upper Lid Mimicking as Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma – Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: SR Roy , R Anjum , SK Biswas
Published: January 2025

Nodular fasciitis is a benign form of reactive lesion of subcutaneous tissue or superficial fascia, mimicking as malignant lesion
due to its rapid growth pattern and morphological features. Our patient was a 46 years aged female, presented with upper lid
lesion with suspicion of sebaceous gland carcinoma. She was managed with excision of lesion with lid reconstruction by lid
sharing method. Histopathology plays an important role to diagnose such cases. The proper knowledge and diagnosis of these
cases can avoid unnecessary aggressive management.
Owner Reported Outcomes of Homeopathic Proprietary Preparation for Gastrointestinal Disorders of Companion Pets
Authors: FT* Joseph , S Isabel
Published: January 2025

Background: Gastrointestinal derangements in domestic and companion pets specifically dogs and cats, are among the
most common clinical conditions in a veterinarian’s clinic. Its large prevalence and impact on health concerns, has obviously
prompted the number of primary and secondary research carried out in the field.
Materials and Methods: The animals included had a range or co-morbidities and consequently animals included were
concurrently on medications for these and no adverse drug interactions were reported as expected with ultra dilute
medications.
Results: The study included 86 real-world small animal patients, across 3 species 51 (59.3%) Cats, 34 (39.53%) Dogs and 1
(1.16%) Rabbit. It included both, males and females, with average age across species of 6.80 year and a very wide body mass
range due to the species and breed mix. Ten (37.04%) animals had reported important comorbidities including hypothyroidism
and heart complaints, hypertension, diabetes, weight loss, cancer, arthritis / chronic Pains, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, and
birth defect. In 21 (24.41%) animals other medicines were used similar complaints. Out of 86, 69 (80.23%) cases reported
successful relief, 2 (2.33%) reported no relief or worsening, 1 (1.16%) reported partial relief while 14 (16.28%) respondents
skipped this question. Majority 53 (61.63%) considered average recovery, 18 (20. 94%) considered above average and 15
(17.44%) considered it could be faster. All results are clinically (Effect size Cohen’s D = 0.9 Clopper Pearson Exact CI 0.2 – 0.3]
and statistically (p < 0.005 in all cases) significant. The exploratory analysis revealed inverse relationship between frequency
of dose and response time and between symptom constancy and relief. Meaning that relief will be faster and produce better
outcomes with intermittent symptoms and less frequent dosage (2-3 per day) [statistically significant with Fischer’s Exact
p<0.000000001].
Conclusion and Clinical Significance: The analysis also revealed a faster overall response time and better outcomes in
animals with intermittent symptoms and that the excess repetition of medicines could delay the cure. Clinically, this means
that for domestic pets, use of Homeopet™ digestive updates is safe and effective in managing outcomes of gastrointestinal
upsets.
A Scooping Review on Anesthesia in Wild Animals
Authors: M* Pal , M Beshir , M Lemma , M Mekonnen , M Regassa , N Bhardwaj
Published: January 2025

Different ancient cultures kept wild animals in captivity in collections, but there are essentially no records of the veterinary
care that may have been provided to these animals. Live capture of wild animals by chemical immobilization was introduced in
the1950’s. As a result, several novel capture techniques, darting tools and drug administration techniques have been created
and applied to a variety of wildlife species. Even though captive wildlife in zoological collections is more protected they still
pose challenges compared to domestic animal surgery. In captive, immobilization of wild animals is often required for health
examination and for diagnosis and treatment of disease. Improvement of chemical capture is an important part of wildlife
conservation and animal welfare to minimize distress for the animals and the risk of morbidity and mortality. Veterinarians
warn that such field anesthesia is especially difficult because the pre-anesthetic evaluation of an animal's health is restricted
to characteristics that are easily observed. Darting from a helicopter to the ground as a means of capture, followed by physical
restraint and drug injection. Radio collaring is essential for understanding an animal’s movement patterns, but capture and
immobilization can alter an animal’s activity pat stern for days to weeks following capture. Many wild animals are particularly
dangerous, and it is essential that the animal reaches deep level of sedation or anesthesia before any human gets close and
that it remains in this level for the entire procedure. as well as for wild animals in particular, where residual sedation or re
narcotization can cause injury after release and where it is crucial to return to normal behavior as soon as possible, anesthesia
recovery should be quick and complete. Veterinarians should be knowledgeable about the physiology, behaviour, and natural
history of the target species in order to achieve a better chemical immobilization while capturing wild animals. All equipment
must also be thoroughly checked before usage.
Public Reception of Qur'an Calligraphy at the Iska Mayang Grand Mosque in Sukoharjo
Authors: Siyamto Muhammad Rasyid Ridlo , Rhain Ainur , Ilham Muhammad , Wakit Saipul
Published: January 2025

The holy book of the Quran has an informative and performative function. The informative function refers to the purpose of conveying the message or information of the Qur'an text itself. While the performative function refers to how the Qur'an can create emotional, spiritual, and aesthetic impacts that go beyond simply reading texts. Qur'an calligraphy includes two functions at once, namely when people use calligraphy as a means of conveying revelation and expression of Islamic art, for example Qur'an calligraphy which decorates many mosques around the community. The Iska Grand Mosque in Sukoharjo is known as one of the mosques decorated with Qur'an calligraphy, beautifying every corner of the building. This situation provides an opportunity for the community around the mosque to explore the meaning implied in the art of Qur'an calligraphy. This study centers on how the community responds to and accepts the existence of Qur'an calligraphy in the mosque. The purpose of this investigation is to find out the responses or views of readers and calligraphy connoisseurs at the Iska Mayang Sukoharjo Grand Mosque. This study adopts a qualitative method through a descriptive approach to reveal data in depth (Living Qur'an) which is supported by various literature sources. The findings of this study reveal that calligraphy contributes to linking the interpretation of the content of Qur'anic verses with aesthetic elements, as well as providing an overview of how people judge and enjoy the art of calligraphy at the Iska Grand Mosque. The calligraphy written is a type of khat tsulus in the form of verse writing from Surah Al-Baqarah verse 255, verses 43-44, and Al-Mu'minun verses 1-4.
Pengaruh Substitusi Pupuk Organik Cair dan Media Tanam terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Kangkung (Ipomoea aquatica) dengan Sistem Hidroponik
Authors: Putri Rona Herlina Rahma , Purbajanti Endang Dwi , Fuskhah Eny
Published: January 2025

The growth and production of hydroponic water spinach using liquid organic fertilizer and appropriate planting media determines the success of the plant. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) substitution types and planting media on the growth of water spinach (Ipomoea reptans) production. Data collection was carried out in the month 23 Februaty – 30 March 2023 in Pudakpayung village, Banyumanik District, Semarang City. Treatments were arranged using a completely randomized design with 2 factors. Factor 1 is the planting medium in 2 level, M1 = Rockwool dan M2 = Cocopeat, and factor 2 is the substitution of liquid organic fertilizer in 4 levels, N1 = 4 ml/l AB mix, N2 = 3 ml/l AB mix + 2 ml/l POC, N3 = 2 ml/l AB mix + 3 ml/l POC, dan N4 = 4 ml/l POC. Each treatment was carried out in 3 repetitions so that there were 24 experimental units. The parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, root length, shoot fresh weight, root weight, biomass weight, and leaf color. The data was analyzed for variance and further tested using the honest real difference (BNJ) at the 5% level. The research results showed that the use of LOF of rice waste and papaya fruit could substitute AB mix at a concertation of 2 ml/l AB mix + 3 ml/l LOF or 50%. However, the use of 100% POC cannot replace AB mix in growth and production of water spinach. Keywords : AB mix, cocopeat, liquid fertilizer, rockwool, rice, papaya fruit, waste