bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patterns and determinants of phenotypic variability within two invasive crayfish species
Authors: Lang Iris , Paz‐Vinas Ivan , Cucherousset Julien , Loot Géraldine
Published: July 2021

Knowledge on the ecological determinants and evolutionary processes shaping intraspecific variability in the wild remains scarce. It is particularly needed in the context of biological invasions to fully understand the consequences of invasive species on the functioning of recipient ecosystems.

Using geometric morphometrics, stable isotopes, and elemental composition analyses, we quantified phenotypic variability (morphological, trophic, and stoichiometric traits) within and among invasive populations of two crayfish species with distinct invasion histories over 23 gravel pit lakes in southwest France. We sampled 12 populations of the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii Girard, 1852) and 11 populations of the spiny‐cheek crayfish (Faxonius limosus Rafinesque, 1817). We aimed at unravelling the ecological determinants and the mechanisms (neutral or adaptive) underlying the phenotypic variability among invasive populations.

We demonstrate that, for each group of traits, P. clarkii and F. limosus display contrasting patterns of variance distribution across three ecological scales (population, sex, individual). Then, we demonstrate that P. clarkii trait variation in body morphology and stoichiometry is associated with both ecological and historical determinants (i.e. predation pressure, intraspecific invasion, and invasion age), and morphological traits in F. limosus vary with ecological factors only (i.e. predation pressure and abundance of P. clarkii). Finally, we highlight that different combinations of neutral and adaptive processes shaped the phenotypic variability in the two species, with a higher contribution of adaptive processes in F. limosus.

Overall, these results indicate that F. limosus has already gone through local adaptation in the meta‐population while this has not yet occurred for P. clarkii, which was introduced later. This highlights that these two invasive species might have contrasting effects across ecological scales.

Our study emphasises that studying invasive species can provide great knowledge on intraspecific variability and its ecological determinants and evolutionary processes in the wild. Our results also stress the need to focus on intraspecific variability in the context of biological invasions as it can be substantial across wide geographic areas.
Underlying trends confound estimates of fish population responses to river discharge
Authors: Yen Jian D. L. , Thomson Jim R. , Lyon Jarod P. , Koster Wayne M. , Kitchingman Adrian , Raymond Scott , Stamation Kasey , Tonkin Zeb
Published: July 2021

Conservation management of freshwater ecosystems often focuses on mitigating or reversing the negative effects of altered patterns of river discharge. Assessments of management interventions frequently focus on direct, short‐term responses to discharge without consideration of underlying population trends that span multiple years.

We sought to determine the effects on fish populations of annual variation in river discharge and water temperature after accounting for underlying population trends. We used data on five native and one non‐native fish species, collected over 7–20 years in seven rivers in the Murray‐Darling Basin, south‐eastern Australia.

Population trends explained 3.4%–24.6% of the total variation in abundance and biomass of our six study species, while discharge and water temperature explained a further 1.2%–11.4% of this variation. However, population trends confounded the effects of discharge and water temperature, which suggests that the effects of annual discharge conditions may be contingent on past conditions and factors intrinsic to populations (e.g. age structure).

Failing to account for population trends led to a combination of plausible and implausible associations with discharge and water temperature. Plausible associations included positive associations with the magnitude of spring discharge and negative associations with the number of days where discharge was below the long‐term 10th percentile. Determining whether estimated associations are real or artefactual requires a greater focus on the processes that underpin multiyear population trends.

Our results highlight the potential for underlying trends in populations to confound the short‐term effects of discharge. Potential confounding of short‐ and long‐term changes in populations underscores the need to assess responses to river discharge in the context of overarching environmental conditions, including factors other than discharge.
Beyond the Columbian Exchange: Medicine and public health in colonial Latin America
Authors: Ramos Christina
Published: July 2021

This essay charts a budding history and historiography on medicine and public health in colonial Latin America. It emphasizes the English‐language scholarship, presenting an overview of the field's emerging key themes pitted against its origins in bio‐historical accounts of the Columbian Exchange and its consequences for native survival. While the field remains disjointed with significant gaps in our knowledge, this essay positions the emerging historiography as central to larger conversations taking place within the fields of early modern medicine and science, Atlantic history, and colonial medicine in the 19thand 20thcenturies.
Inaccessible Justice: Exploring the Barriers to Justice and Fairness for Disabled People Accused of a Crime
Authors: GORMLEY CAITLIN , WATSON NICK
Published: July 2021

Drawing on in‐depth qualitative interviews with 15 people who have learning disabilities, brain injuries, neurodiversity, or mental health conditions accused of a crime in Scotland, this article offers substantive and methodological insights to unpacking perceptions of justice accessibility. We explore barriers to participation in pretrial justice processes for disabled accused people, demonstrating that disabled people are systematically denied a voice and disadvantaged by poor identification and recognition of impairment, insufficient supports or adjustments, and inaccessible information. We discuss participants’ accounts of feeling excluded from, and intimidated by, systems and decisions that are not routinely explained in accessible terms, which, in turn, adversely impacts access to justice and perceptions of fairness. Informed by criminology and disability studies, we argue that the failure of criminal justice systems and practices to acknowledge disability as an equality issue creates disabling barriers that serve to further marginalise disabled people within justice settings.
Cell wall break down of pitanga fruit (Eugenia uniflora L.) is associated with pectic solubilisation and softening
Authors: Oliveira Ana Lázara Matos de , Vilela Daiana Ribeiro , Zitha Elídio Zaidine Maurício , de Barros Hanna Elisia Araújo , Lago Rafael Carvalho do , Carvalho Elisangela Elena Nunes , Vilas Boas Eduardo Valério de Barros
Published: July 2021

Pitanga fruit stands out for its exotic flavour and antioxidant properties. The objective of this work was to evaluate changes in the physical, chemical and biochemical variables of red pitanga variety, in four stages of development (green, yellow, orange and red) and associate them to the cell wall break down. Analysis of pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, firmness, soluble pectin, pectinamethylesterase (PME), polygalacturonase (PG), cell wall swelling and microstructure were performed. pH and levels of soluble solids and soluble pectin increased, in addition to the cell wall swelling and reduction of firmness, throughout the development of pitanga. From the SEM, it was possible to observe the degradation of the fruit cell wall during ripening, suggesting mainly the degradation of pectic polysaccharides, verified by the solubilisation of these substances. PG and PME enzymes were not active, which suggests that other enzymes may be associated with the cell wall break down.
Defining the seasonality of respiratory syncytial virus around the world: National and subnational surveillance data from 12 countries
Authors: Staadegaard Lisa , Caini Saverio , Wangchuk Sonam , Thapa Binay , de Almeida Walquiria Aparecida Ferreira , de Carvalho Felipe Cotrim , Fasce Rodrigo A. , Bustos Patricia , Kyncl Jan , Novakova Ludmila , Caicedo Alfredo Bruno , de Mora Coloma Domenica Joseth , Meijer Adam , Hooiveld Mariëtte , Huang Q. Sue , Wood Tim , Guiomar Raquel , Rodrigues Ana Paula , Lee Vernon Jian Ming , Ang Li Wei , Cohen Cheryl , Moyes Jocelyn , Larrauri Amparo , Delgado‐Sanz Concepción , Demont Clarisse , Bangert Mathieu , Dückers Michel , van Summeren Jojanneke , Paget John
Published: July 2021

Background

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections are one of the leading causes of lower respiratory tract infections and have a major burden on society. For prevention and control to be deployed effectively, an improved understanding of the seasonality of RSV is necessary.

Objectives

The main objective of this study was to contribute to a better understanding of RSV seasonality by examining the GERi multi‐country surveillance dataset.

Methods

RSV seasons were included in the analysis if they contained ≥100 cases. Seasonality was determined using the “average annual percentage” method. Analyses were performed at a subnational level for the United States and Brazil.

Results

We included 601 425 RSV cases from 12 countries. Most temperate countries experienced RSV epidemics in the winter, with a median duration of 10–21 weeks. Not all epidemics fit this pattern in a consistent manner, with some occurring later or in an irregular manner. More variation in timing was observed in (sub)tropical countries, and we found substantial differences in seasonality at a subnational level. No association was found between the timing of the epidemic and the dominant RSV subtype.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that geographical location or climatic characteristics cannot be used as a definitive predictor for the timing of RSV epidemics and highlight the need for (sub)national data collection and analysis.
Seeking help for peritoneal dialysis‐associated peritonitis: Patients’ and families’ intentions and actions. A mixed methods study
Authors: Baillie Jessica , Gill Paul , Courtenay Molly
Published: July 2021

Aims

To examine patients’ and families’ help‐seeking intentions and actions when suspecting peritoneal dialysis‐associated peritonitis.

Design

A sequential explanatory mixed methods design was used, comprising a questionnaire and semi‐structured interviews.

Methods

A questionnaire was designed, piloted and used with patients and family members (n=75) using peritoneal dialysis from six hospital sites in Wales and England. Questionnaire data were analysed using descriptive statistics. A purposive sample of questionnaire participants (n=30) then took part in telephone or face‐to‐face semi‐structured interviews. Interview data were analysed thematically. Data were collected between September 2017 and August 2018. Ethical and governance approvals were obtained; the study was reported on national research portfolios.

Results

The quantitative data highlighted differences between participants’ knowledge of when they should seek help for suspected peritonitis and their actions when they subsequently experienced peritonitis. The interview data revealed the complexities involved with recognizing peritonitis, making the decision to seek help and accessing healthcare. Some participants struggled to recognize peritonitis when signs/symptoms started, leading to delays in deciding to seek help. Furthermore, some participants reported that they accessed help from renal or generic out‐of‐hours and were misadvised or misdiagnosed, delaying diagnosis and treatment. The data were integrated using conceptual analyses of help‐seeking behaviour and access to healthcare, which informs understanding of the complexity of seeking help in this context.

Conclusions

This study revealed differences between participants’ help‐seeking intentions and actions. Using the conceptual analyses of help‐seeking behaviour and access to healthcare informs understanding of the complexity of the help‐seeking process in this context. To safely use a home therapy, it is imperative that individuals recognize signs/symptoms of peritonitis, seek help promptly and are appropriately supported when they access healthcare. Further work is needed to examine how these individual and system changes can be enacted.
Association between adolescent oral contraceptive use and future major depressive disorder: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Anderl Christine , de Wit Anouk E. , Giltay Erik J. , Oldehinkel Albertine J. , Chen Frances S.
Published: July 2021

Background

Because of the widespread use of oral contraceptives (OCs) and the devastating effects of depression both on an individual and a societal level, it is crucial to understand the nature of the previously reported relationship between OC use and depression risk. Insight into the impact of analytical choices on the association is important when interpreting available evidence. Hence, we examined the association between adolescent OC use and subsequent depression risk in early adulthood analyzing all theoretically justifiable models.

Methods

Data from the prospective cohort study TRacking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey, among women aged 13–25 years were used. Adolescent OC use (ages 16–19 years) was used as a predictor and major depressive disorder (MDD) in early adulthood (ages 20–25 years), as assessed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders‐IV oriented Lifetime Depression Assessment Self‐Report and the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, was used as an outcome. A total of 818 analytical models were analyzed using Specification Curve Analysis in 534 adolescent OC users and 191 nonusers.

Results

Overall, there was an association of adolescent OC use and an episode of MDD in early adulthood [median odds ratio (OR)median = 1.41; ORmin = 1.08; ORmax = 2.18, p < .001], which was driven by the group of young women with no history of MDD (ORmedian = 1.72; ORmin = 1.21; ORmax = 2.18, p < .001).

Conclusions

In summary, adolescent OC use was associated with a small but robust increased risk for experiencing an episode of MDD, especially among women with no history of MDD in adolescence. Understanding the potential side effects of OCs will help women and their doctors to make informed choices when deciding among possible methods of birth control.
The value of dermoscopy of the nail plate free edge and hyponychium
Authors: Iorizzo M. , Starace M. , Di Altobrando A. , Alessandrini A. , Veneziano L. , Piraccini B.M.
Published: July 2021

The non‐invasive examination of the nail unit using a dermoscope is known as onychoscopy. This technique has become increasingly appreciated to facilitate the clinical diagnosis of nail disorders, opening up a valuable second front with a potential to avoid invasive diagnostic procedures. During a nail consultation, the nail unit should always be examined with the aid of a dermatoscope in all its components. The aim of this paper was to provide practical information about onychoscopy of the nail plate free edge and hyponychium, two components of the nail unit difficult to evaluate at naked eye and often forgotten, but of paramount importance.
Color interaction between resin composite layers: An overview
Authors: Ismail Eman Hani
Published: July 2021

Objective

Resin composite (RC) layering is increasingly popular in restorative dentistry. However, little is known regarding the color interaction between RC layers. The objective of this article is to review the current literature on color interaction between RC layers and its effect on the overall appearance of the double‐layer restoration.

Overview

A literature review was conducted on theoretical and experimental in vitro studies that tested layered RC systems using different thicknesses. This article discusses specimen design, color measurement methods and devices, parameters defined as outcomes, and RC shades and systems used in the studies of double‐layered RC that were reviewed here. Relevant clinical findings and gaps that still exist in the literature were also highlighted.

Conclusions

Various methods to test layered RC were found in the literature. Each study had a unique design and provided valuable information on color interaction between the enamel and dentin layers that could be applied to clinical use. For more predictable esthetic outcomes, manufacturers could provide tailored recommendations specific for their RC systems, stating the recommended thickness and shade for each layer used in the RC layering technique.

Clinical Significance

With increased variability in RC shades and manufacturers, it is often difficult to predict the final overall color of restoration with multiple layers. Advancing research on RC layering will help clinicians deliver the best customized restorative treatment tailored to the needs and expectations of their patients. Future research along these lines can enhance the efficiency of chair time and will increase the satisfaction of both clinicians and patients.
Mucormycosis and COVID‐19: An epidemic within a pandemic in India
Authors: Selarka Lav , Sharma Suktara , Saini Dinesh , Sharma Sanjay , Batra Amit , Waghmare Vishal T. , Dileep Pratibha , Patel Sanket , Shah Monarch , Parikh Tejas , Darji Prakash , Patel Amit , Goswami Gaurav , Shah Anand , Shah Sandeep , Lathiya Harsh , Shah Moksha , Sharma Pranita , Chopra Surabhi , Gupta Ankur , Jain Neha , Khan Erum , Sharma Vijay K. , Sharma Arvind K. , Chan Amanda C. Y. , Ong Jonathan J. Y.
Published: July 2021

Importance

Coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) causes an immunosuppressed state and increases risk of secondary infections like mucormycosis. We evaluated clinical features, predisposing factors, diagnosis and outcomes for mucormycosis among patients with COVID‐19 infection.

Methods

This prospective, observational, multi‐centre study included 47 consecutive patients with mucormycosis, diagnosed during their course of COVID‐19 illness, between January 3 and March 27, 2021. Data regarding demography, underlying medical conditions, COVID‐19 illness and treatment were collected. Clinical presentations of mucormycosis, imaging and biochemical characteristics and outcome were recorded.

Results

Of the 2567 COVID‐19 patients admitted to 3 tertiary centres, 47 (1.8%) were diagnosed with mucormycosis. Mean age was 55 ± 12.8years, and majority suffered from diabetes mellitus (n = 36, 76.6%). Most were not COVID‐19 vaccinated (n = 31, 66.0%) and majority (n = 43, 91.5%) had developed moderate‐to‐severe pneumonia, while 20 (42.6%) required invasive ventilation. All patients had received corticosteroids and broad‐spectrum antibiotics while most (n = 37, 78.7%) received at least one anti‐viral medication. Mean time elapsed from COVID‐19 diagnosis to mucormycosis was 12.1 ± 4.6days. Eleven (23.4%) subjects succumbed to their disease, mostly (n = 8, 72.7%) within 7 days of diagnosis. Among the patients who died, 10 (90.9%) had pre‐existing diabetes mellitus, only 2 (18.2%) had received just one vaccine dose and all developed moderate‐to‐severe pneumonia, requiring oxygen supplementation and mechanical ventilation.

Conclusions

Mucormycosis can occur among COVID‐19 patients, especially with poor glycaemic control, widespread and injudicious use of corticosteroids and broad‐spectrum antibiotics, and invasive ventilation. Owing to the high mortality, high index of suspicion is required to ensure timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment in high‐risk populations.
Imaging‐guided cardiac resynchronization therapy: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Kheiri Babikir , Przybylowicz Ryle , Simpson Timothy F , Merrill Miranda , Osman Mohammed , Dalouk Khidir , Rahmouni Hind , Stecker Eric , Nazer Babak , Henrikson Charles A.
Published: July 2021

Background

Among patients with heart failure and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction despite guideline directed medical therapy, cardiac resynchronization (CRT) is an effective technology to reverse LV remodeling. Given that a large portion of patients are non‐responders, alternatives to traditional LV‐lead placement have been explored. A promising alternative is image targeted placement of an LV‐lead to latest mechanically activated segment without scar.

Methods

Electronic database search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the imaging‐guided LV‐lead placement on clinical, echocardiographic, and functional outcomes. The primary outcome was a composite of mortality and heart failure hospitalization. The secondary outcomes included CRT responders, New York Heart Association (NYHA), 6‐minute walk test, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ), and ejection fraction (EF) changes.

Results

Analysis included 4 RCTs of 691 patients with an average follow‐up of 2 years (age 69.5 ± 10.3 years, 76% males, 54% ischemic cardiomyopathy, 81% with NYHA classes III/IV, and EF of 24.4% ± 8). The most common site for LV‐lead paced segment was the anterolateral segment (45%) and at mid‐LV (49%). Compared with the control, imaging‐guided LV‐lead placement was associated with a significant reduction of the primary outcome (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.40–0.88; p = .01), higher CRT responders (odd ratio [OR] = 2.10; p < .01), more NYHA improvements by ≥1 (OR = 1.89; p = .01), increased 6MWT (mean difference [MD] = 25.78 feet; p < .01), and lower MLHFQ (MD = ‐4.04; p = .04), without significant differences in the LVEF (p = .08).

Conclusions

In patients undergoing CRT, imaging‐guided LV‐lead placement was associated with improved clinical, echocardiographic, and functional status.
The association between caesarean and postnatal psychological distress: Effect modification by mental health history
Authors: Henderson Ian , Quenby Siobhan
Published: July 2021

Background

The association between mode of delivery and postnatal depression is uncertain. Mental health history may modify the association.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to determine whether the association between caesarean and postnatal psychological distress (PPD) differs according to long‐standing depression/anxiety.

Methods

Analysis of the UK‐based Millennium Cohort Study of women who gave birth 2000–2002 was carried out. The outcomes were PPD at 9 months by Rutter Malaise Inventory and actively treated physician‐diagnosed depression/severe anxiety at 3 years. The exposure was mode of delivery. Adjusted relative risks were estimated using Poisson regression. Effect modification according to long‐standing depression/anxiety was investigated multiplicatively and additively.

Results

We included 15,936 women, of whom 2346 (13.4%, weighted) reported PPD. Women with long‐standing depression/anxiety were at 34% lower risk of PPD following elective caesarean, compared with vaginal birth: relative risk (RR) 4.36 (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.76, 5.05), RR 3.25 (95% CI 2.23, 4.75) and RR 4.92 (95% CI 3.67, 6.59) for vaginal, elective and emergency caesarean births, respectively, with relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) −1.28 (95% CI −2.73, 0.16), ratio of RRs 0.66 (95% CI 0.42, 1.05). Women with long‐standing depression/anxiety were at greatest risk of later treatment following emergency caesarean, with RR 4.95 (95% CI 3.86, 6.34), RR 4.09 (95% CI 2.51, 6.65) and RR 6.74 (95% CI 4.87, 9.32), for vaginal, elective and emergency caesarean births, respectively; RERI 1.79 (95% CI −0.13, 3.71), ratio of RRs 1.36 (95% CI 0.94, 1.99); all RRs with reference to vaginal birth in the absence of long‐standing depression/anxiety. There was no evidence of a similar association between emergency caesarean and PPD nor elective caesarean and later treatment.

Conclusions

Women with long‐standing depression or anxiety who had elective caesarean had a lower risk of postnatal distress. When this group had emergency caesarean, there was greater risk of actively treated depression/anxiety at 3 years. These associations were not observed in women without long‐standing depression/anxiety.
Toward a Public Administration Theory of Felt Accountability
Authors: Overman Sjors , Schillemans Thomas
Published: July 2021

The literature on public accountability is extensive but overwhelmingly focuses on accountability of organizations. Yet, accountability mechanisms can function properly only when individuals believe that they will be held accountable in the future. This article bridges that gap by translating and extending the psychological concept of “felt accountability” to the public administration scholarship. The particular context of accountability in public organizations requires us to integrate knowledge about (1) the diverse professional roles of public sector employees, (2) the saliency and authority of various and multiple account holders, and (3) the substance of the accountability demands. The current article integrates this contextual knowledge with an individual perspective on accountability. This effort represents an important contribution to public accountability literature, as it allows scholars to properly understand the consequences of psychological insights about accountability for the public sector, and to adequately translate psychological insights and recommendations to a public accountability context.
Evaluating the use of piezo manipulator, laser or their combination for blastocoel cavity puncture to improve cryopreservation outcomes of large equine embryos
Authors: Rajabi‐Toustani Reza , Watanabe Hiroyuki , Tsogtgerel Munkhtuul , Gao Yuanzhi , Canbo Li , Haneda Shingo , Cheong Soon Hon , Nambo Yasuo
Published: July 2021

The main difficulty of large equine embryo cryopreservation is the replacement of blastocoel fluid with cryoprotectant solution. The objective of this study was to improve the cryopreservation of large equine embryos with PMAP and/or LAP. Embryos were collected via the non‐surgical transcervical procedure and divided into three groups based on their size (A ≤ 300 µm, 300 µm<B < 700 µm and C ≥ 700 µm). Six embryos 233–1360 µm in diameter were punctured via piezo manipulator and/or laser pulse before cryopreservation. All embryos were cryopreserved on a Cryotop®. Frozen‐thawed embryos were cultured for 3h and transferred to the recipient mares. After one week, pregnancy was diagnosed by ultrasonography. Two of six embryos resulted in a positive pregnancy, the result of pregnancy in group A and B was positive, but in group C was negative, and further investigation is necessary for ≥700 µm embryos. The results showed laser‐assisted puncture could be helpful to extract blastocoel fluid and replace it with cryoprotectant. This is the first positive pregnancy report in laser puncture‐assisted frozen‐thawed equine embryo (>300 µm). However, more research is required to find the best method for embryos ≥700 µm.
Tussle for space: The politics of mock‐compliance with global financial standards in developing countries
Authors: Dafe Florence , Engebretsen Rebecca Elisabeth Husebye
Published: July 2021

As efforts to harmonize policies globally intensify, developing countries increasingly face pressures to adopt international standards. Yet, we know little about the circumstances under which developing countries manage to circumvent such pressures, or about their strategies to maintain policy space. We explore under which conditions developing countries are willing and able to sustain mock‐compliance, a situation where countries comply on paper but not in practice. Using country comparisons of Angola's, Nigeria's, Tanzania's, and Vietnam's engagement with the Basel banking standards, we show how three factors combine to produce sustained mock‐compliance: high costs of outright non‐compliance due to outward‐orientated banking sectors; high political costs of substantive compliance; and state control over profitable markets. Our article contributes to theory‐building in the literature on compliance and structural power as well as to broader debates about developing countries' policy autonomy in their engagement with global financial norms.
Dissipative models of swell propagation across the Pacific
Authors: Zaug Camille R. , Carter John D.
Published: July 2021

Ocean swell plays an important role in the transport of energy across the ocean, yet its evolution is not well understood. In the late 1960s, the nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation was derived as a simplified model for the propagation of ocean swell over large distances. More recently, a number of dissipative generalizations of the NLS equation based on a simple dissipation assumption have been proposed. These models have been shown to accurately model wave evolution in a laboratory setting, but their validity in modeling ocean swell has not previously been examined. We study the efficacy of the NLS equation and four of its generalizations in modeling the evolution of swell in the ocean. The dissipative models perform significantly better than conservative ones and are overall reasonable models for swell amplitudes, indicating dissipation is an important physical effect in ocean swell evolution. The nonlinear models did not outperform their linearizations, indicating linear models may be sufficient in modeling some aspects of ocean swell evolution over large distances.
Autorrepresentación identitaria a través de las artes visuales: la experiencia del Taller de Fotografía Infantil Mapuche
Authors: Mela José Israel
Published: July 2021

El presente artículo reflexiona sobre la experiencia del Taller de Fotografía Infantil y Mapuche como una práctica de autorepresentación identitaria a través del arte. El taller que tuvo una metodología cualitativa se realizó en la ciudad de Santiago de Chile y tuvo como propósito entablar un diálogo sobre la capacidad de la imagen artística y fotográfica para elaborar un nuevo relato de la identidad mapuche en el escenario urbano. Los/as niños que participaron del proyecto indagaron en sus experiencias familiares y personales para construir una imagen mapuche basada en sus imaginarios visuales. El resultado del taller fue una serie de retratos que habilitan nuevas miradas y lecturas al fenómeno de la identidad étnica desde una perspectiva y posicionamiento de los/las retratados/as. Las imágenes recreadas conforman microrelatos que se oponen al gran relato identitario de la sociedad que, en el caso de la identidad mapuche, impone estigmas y estereotipos.
Decolonising Local Knowledge – Arhuaco Filmmaking as a Form of Cultural Opposition
Authors: Lulkowska Agata
Published: July 2021

Can filmmaking as a form of intercultural communication serve as an apparatus for selfidentification and cultural opposition to established North/West knowledge pro- duction hubs? Based on extensive fieldwork in the Sierra Nevada and detailed analysis of the Arhucao films and their production and distribution strategies, this article explores the possibility of utilising film and audio-visual communication as a way to decolonise local knowledge. Following decades of persecutions, hostility, illtreatment and cultural violence, the work of Zhigoneshi (and, later, Yosokwi) communication col- lectives not only helped to nourish the cultural identity of the indigenous communities of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, but it also turned them into proud ambassadors of indigenous values on the international level. Prolific in their internal and external com- munication practices, they regained agency as full participants of intercultural dialogue, which focuses on the importance of the inclusion, diversity and dewesternisation of local knowledge. While acknowledging its own limitations and the author’s inevitable positionality, this article also reflects on further steps that the European and Western collaborators and institutions need to take to accomplish the vision of decolonisation. It concludes with acknowledging the work of the Arhuaco filmmakers and their allies in providing an invaluable contribution to strengthen this discussion and enable the shift towards a more all-embracing pattern of knowledge production and dissemina- tion based on quality and importance and less so on stereotypical preconceptions and geographical location.
Etsa-Nantu/Cámara Shuar: prácticas audiovisuales desde la ecoterritorialidad y el biocentrismo
Authors: Vanegas Toala Yadis Vanessa
Published: July 2021

Este artículo presenta el estudio de caso Etsa-Nantu/Cámara-Shuar, un laboratorio de creación audiovisual en la Amazonía ecuatoriana, que genera procesos de comunicación en defensa ecoterritorial frente a los conflictos socioambientales detonados por la intrusión megaminera en sus territorios. A través del análisis audiovisual y de las prácticas comunicacionales del colectivo, se estudian los filmes ¿Quién mató a José Tendenztza? (2017) y Tsunki (2014), se reflexiona sobre las formas en que se expresa el giro ecoterritorial y el giro biocéntrico en los relatos audiovisuales. El estudio con- cluye que las prácticas comunicacionales y audiovisuales del laboratorio Etsa-Nantu/ Cámara-Shuar, en tanto cine hecho en, desde y con pueblos indígenas, son un ejemplo de trabajo ecoterritorial realizado desde una perspectiva biocéntrica. Con el análisis del documental ¿Quién mato a José Tendetza?, se explica cómo el trabajo audiovisual per- mite la cooperación de distintos actores en defensa de la vida y el territorio, mientras que con el de la ficción Tsunki se evidenciaron formas de relato críticas del antropocentrismo que propone nuevas formas de relación entre humanos y no humanos.
Reinventar el pasado, transformar el presente: danzas, imagen y espejos entre los qom del Chaco argentino
Authors: Soler Carolina , Giordano Mariana
Published: July 2021

En 2006, tras el encuentro entre indígenas kanak de Nueva Caledonia y qom del Impe- netrable (Argentina), se conformó el grupo qom de danza y teatro Pocnolec, que emerge en el panorama contemporáneo de artistas indígenas abocados a recuperar las prácti- cas de sus antepasados. Nos proponemos reflexionar sobre el rol político de la danza qom a partir del análisis de algunas de las miradas que se condensan en el encuentro qom-kanak, así como del proceso histórico de colonización evangelizadora, a la vez que analizar la construcción de una autoimagen utilizando la metáfora del reflejo que se pro- duce en distintos espejos o segmentos sociales. A modo de hipótesis, planteamos que estas danzas se presentan como prácticas estratégicas de revitalización indígena de algunos colectivos qom, expresadas particularmente en el grupo Pocnolec, con la que se busca subvertir el sentimiento de vergüenza que la mirada evangelizadora construyó sobre sus propios cuerpos. Tras una reflexión histórica y etnográfica sobre el rechazo de estas prácticas por parte de algunos sectores sociales, nos proponemos visibilizar la importancia del marco histórico y político de la producción de las danzas y las perfor- mances del grupo Pocnolec, para que no sean interpretadas como la reproducción de estereotipos de un indígena esencializado, hiperreal.
Fabrication, Mechanics, and Reliability Analysis for Three-Dimensional Printed Lattice Designs
Authors: Kulkarni Nitin Nagesh , Ekwaro-Osire Stephen , Egan Paul F.
Published: July 2021

The use of three-dimensional (3D) printing for lattice structures has led to advances in diverse applications benefitting from mechanically efficient designs. Three-dimensional printed lattices are often used to carry loads, however, printing defects and inconsistencies potentially hinder performance. Here, we investigate the design, fabrication, mechanics, and reliability of lattices with repeating cubic unit cells using probabilistic analysis. Lattices were designed with 500 μm diameter beams and unit cell lengths from 0.8 mm to 1.6 mm. Designs were printed with stereolithography and had average beam diameters from 509 μm to 622 μm, thereby demonstrating a deviation from design intentions. Mechanical experiments were conducted and demonstrated an exponential increase in yield stress for lattice relative density that facilitated probabilistic failure analysis. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated lattice mechanics were most sensitive to fluctuations for beam diameter (74%) and second to lattice yield stress (8%) for lattices with 1.6 mm unit cells, while lattices with smaller 1.0 mm unit cells were most sensitive to yield stress (48%) and second to beam diameter (43%). The methodological framework is generalizable to further 3D printed lattice systems, and findings provide new insights linking design, fabrication, mechanics, and reliability for improved system design that is crucial for engineers to consider as 3D printing becomes more widely adopted.
Conservative Confidence Interval Prediction in Fused Deposition Modeling Process With Linear Optimization Approach
Authors: Dey Arup , Yodo Nita
Published: July 2021

Regression models are widely used as data-driven methods for predicting a continuous target variable. From a set of input variables, regression models predict a deterministic point value for the target variable. But the deterministic point value prediction is not always sufficient because a target variable value often varies due to diverse sources of uncertainty. For instance, in the fused deposition modeling process, the inconsistent results of replications are associated with natural randomness, environmental condition, and noisy process parameters. The point value estimation is not sufficient to represent the variability in this kind of scenario. Instead of point estimation, the interval prediction of a target variable is more useful in this application. In this paper, linear optimization-based techniques are proposed to predict conservative confidence intervals for linear and polynomial regression models. Two linear optimization models, one for ordinary least squares (OLS) regression and the other for weighted least squares (WLS) regression, are proposed. The proposed methods are implemented on several datasets, including an experimental fused deposition modeling dataset to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods. The results show that the proposed method is useful for the fused deposition modeling process where the level of uncertainty or the lack of knowledge of uncertainty sources is high. The proposed method can also be leveraged to the Bayesian neural network (BNN), where the optimization techniques for interval prediction will be nonlinear optimization instead of linear optimization.
Regulating the uptake of poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide)-based micelles in cells cultured on micropatterned surfaces
Authors: Al-Nakashli Russul , Oh Hongji , Chapman Robert , Stenzel Martina H. , Lu Hongxu
Published: July 2021

Cellular uptake of nanoparticles plays a crucial role in cell-targeted biomedical applications. Despite abundant studies trying to understand the interaction between nanoparticles and cells, the influence of cell geometry traits such as cell spreading area and cell shape on the uptake of nanoparticles remains unclear. In this study, poly(vinyl alcohol) is micropatterned on polystyrene cell culture plates using ultraviolet photolithography to control the spreading area and shape of individual cells. The effects of these factors on the cellular uptake of poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide)-based micelles were investigated at a single-cell level. Human carcinoma MCF-7 and A549 cells as well as normal Hs-27 and MRC-5 fibroblasts were cultured on micropatterned surfaces. MCF-7 and A549 cells, both with larger sizes, had a higher total micelle uptake. However, the uptake of Hs-27 and MRC-5 cells decreased with increasing spreading area. In terms of cell shapes, MCF-7 and A549 cells with round shapes showed a higher micelle uptake, while those with a square shape had a lower cellular uptake. On the other hand, Hs-27 and MRC-5 cells showed opposite behaviors. The results indicate that the geometry of cells can influence the nanoparticle uptake and may shed light on the design of functional nanoparticles.
In-air and underwater sounds of hooded seals during the breeding season in the Gulf of St. Lawrence
Authors: Frouin-Mouy Héloïse C. , Hammill Mike O.
Published: July 2021

The hooded seal is a migratory species inhabiting the North Atlantic. Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) conducted over spatial scales consistent with their known and potential habitat could provide insight into seasonal and spatial occurrence patterns of this species. Hooded seal airborne and underwater acoustic signals were recorded during the breeding season on the pack ice in the Gulf of St. Lawrence in March 2018 to better characterize their acoustic repertoire (notably underwater calls). In-air and underwater signals were classified into 12 and 22 types, respectively. Signals produced by males through the inflation and deflation of the proboscis and septum were the predominant sounds heard on the ice surface. Five of the 22 underwater signals were proboscis and septum noises. The remaining underwater signals (17) were categorized as voiced calls and further analyzed using two classification methods. Agreement with the initial subjective classification of voiced calls was high (77% for classification tree analysis and 88% for random forest analysis), showing that 12–13 call types separated well. The hooded seal's underwater acoustic repertoire is larger and more diverse than has been previously described. This study provides important baseline information necessary to monitor hooded seals using PAM.
Acoustic classification of false killer whales in the Hawaiian islands based on comprehensive vocal repertoire
Authors: McCullough Jennifer L. K. , Simonis Anne E. , Sakai Taiki , Oleson Erin M.
Published: July 2021

Use of underwater passive acoustic datasets for species-specific inference requires robust classification systems to identify encounters to species from characteristics of detected sounds. A suite of routines designed to efficiently detect cetacean sounds, extract features, and classify the detection to species is described using ship-based, visually verified detections of false killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens). The best-performing model included features from clicks, whistles, and burst pulses, which correctly classified 99.6% of events. This case study illustrates use of these tools to build classifiers for any group of cetacean species and assess classification confidence when visual confirmation is not available.
Shear rheology of a dilute emulsion of ferrofluid droplets dispersed in a nonmagnetizable carrier fluid under the influence of a uniform magnetic field
Authors: Capobianchi P. , Lappa M. , Oliveira M. S. N. , Pinho F. T.
Published: July 2021

The effect of a spatially uniform magnetic field on the shear rheology of a dilute emulsion of monodispersed ferrofluid droplets, immersed in a nonmagnetizable immiscible fluid, is investigated using direct numerical simulations. The direction of the applied magnetic field is normal to the shear flow direction. The droplets' extra-stress tensor arising from the presence of interfacial forces of magnetic nature is modeled on the basis of the seminal work of G. K. Batchelor [J. Fluid Mech. 41, 545–570 (1970)] under the assumptions of a linearly magnetizable ferrofluid phase and negligible inertia. The results show that even relatively small magnetic fields can have significant consequences on the rheological properties of the emulsion due to the magnetic forces that contribute to deform and orient the droplets toward the direction of the applied magnetic vector. In particular, we have observed an increase in the effective (bulk) viscosity and a reversal of the sign of the two normal stress differences with respect to the case without magnetic field for those conditions where the magnetic force prevails over the shearing force. Comparisons between the results of our model with a direct integration of the viscous stress have provided an indication of its reliability to predict the effective viscosity of the suspension. Moreover, this latter quantity has been found to behave as a monotonic increasing function of the applied magnetic field for constant shearing flows (“magneto-thickening” behavior), which allowed us to infer a simple constitutive equation describing the emulsion viscosity.
Rouse model with fluctuating internal friction
Authors: Kailasham R. , Chakrabarti Rajarshi , Prakash J. Ravi
Published: July 2021

A coarse-grained bead-spring-dashpot chain model with the dashpots representing the presence of internal friction is solved exactly numerically for the case of chains with more than two beads. Using a decoupling procedure to remove the explicit coupling of a bead’s velocity with that of its nearest neighbors, the governing set of stochastic differential equations are solved with Brownian dynamics simulations to obtain material functions in oscillatory and steady simple shear flow. Simulation results for the real and imaginary components of the complex viscosity have been compared with the results of previously derived semi-analytical approximations, and the difference in the predictions is seen to diminish with an increase in the number of beads in the chain. The inclusion of internal friction results in a nonmonotonous variation of the viscosity with shear rate, with the occurrence of continuous shear-thickening following an initial shear-thinning regime. The onset of shear-thickening in the first normal stress coefficient is pushed to lower shear rates with an increase in the internal friction parameter.
Motor Development: A Perspective on the Past, the Present, and the Future
Authors: Clark Jane E. , Whitall Jill
Published: July 2021

In 1981, George Brooks provided a review of the academic discipline of physical education and its emerging subdisciplines. Forty years later, the authors review how the field has changed from the perspective of one subdiscipline, motor development. Brooks’s text sets the scene with four chapters on motor development from leaders in the field, including G. Lawrence Rarick, to whom the book is dedicated. From this beginning, the paper describes the evolving scientific perspectives that have emerged since 1981. Clearly, from its past to the present, motor development as a scientific field has itself developed into a robust and important scientific area of study. The paper ends with a discussion of the grand challenges for kinesiology and motor development in the next 40 years.
ETV7 limits antiviral gene expression and control of influenza viruses
Authors: Froggatt Heather M. , Harding Alfred T. , Chaparian Ryan R. , Heaton Nicholas S.
Published: July 2021

The interferon-stimulated transcription factor ETV7 suppresses the type I interferon response.
The elongation factor eEF1A2 controls translation and actin dynamics in dendritic spines
Authors: Mendoza Mònica B. , Gutierrez Sara , Ortiz Raúl , Moreno David F. , Dermit Maria , Dodel Martin , Rebollo Elena , Bosch Miquel , Mardakheh Faraz K. , Gallego Carme
Published: July 2021

Phosphorylation of eEF1A2 coordinates a transient pause in protein synthesis with cytoskeletal remodeling for synaptic plasticity.
A high-throughput cell- and virus-free assay shows reduced neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants by COVID-19 convalescent plasma
Authors: Fenwick Craig , Turelli Priscilla , Pellaton Céline , Farina Alex , Campos Jérémy , Raclot Charlène , Pojer Florence , Cagno Valeria , Nusslé Semira Gonseth , D’Acremont Valerie , Fehr Jan , Puhan Milo , Pantaleo Giuseppe , Trono Didier
Published: July 2021

A multiplexed virus-free surrogate neutralization assay measures antibody responses against spike protein mutations in SARS-CoV-2 variants.