bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electromagnetic and axial-vector form factors of the quarks and nucleon
Authors: Dahiya Harleen , Randhawa Monika
Published: November 2017

In light of the improved precision of the experimental measurements and enormous theoretical progress, the nucleon form factors have been evaluated with an aim to understand how the static properties and dynamical behavior of nucleons emerge from the theory of strong interactions between quarks. We have analyzed the vector and axial-vector nucleon form factors ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) using the spin observables in the chiral constituent quark model ([Formula: see text]CQM) which has made a significant contribution to the unraveling of the internal structure of the nucleon in the nonperturbative regime. We have also presented a comprehensive analysis of the flavor decomposition of the form factors ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text]) within the framework of [Formula: see text]CQM with emphasis on the extraction of the strangeness form factors which are fundamental to determine the spin structure and test the chiral symmetry breaking effects in the nucleon. The [Formula: see text] dependence of the vector and axial-vector form factors of the nucleon has been studied using the conventional dipole form of parametrization. The results are in agreement with the available experimental data.
The use of Pauli–Villars regularization in string theory
Authors: Ambjørn J. , Makeenko Y.
Published: November 2017

The proper-time regularization of bosonic string reproduces the results of canonical quantization in a special scaling limit where the length in target space has to be renormalized. We repeat the analysis for the Pauli–Villars regularization and demonstrate the universality of the results. In the mean-field approximation, we compute the susceptibility anomalous dimension and show it equals 1/2. We discuss the relation with the previously known results on lattice strings.
First-principles study on the structural, elastic and electronic properties of Ti4N3 and Ti6N5 under high pressure
Authors: Yang Ruike , Chai Bao , Zhu Chuanshuai , Wei Qun , Du Zheng
Published: November 2017

The structural, elastic and electronic properties of Ti4N3 and Ti6N5 have been systematically studied by first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) with generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and local density approximation (LDA). Basic physical properties for Ti4N3 and Ti6N5, such as the lattice constants, the bulk modulus, shear modulus, and elastic constants are calculated. The results show that Ti4N3 and Ti6N5 are mechanically stable under ambient pressure. The phonon dispersion spectra are researched throughout the Brillouin zone via the linear response approach as implemented in the CASTEP code, which indicate the optimized structures are stable dynamically. The Young’s modulus E and Poisson’s ratios [Formula: see text] are also determined within the framework of the Voigt–Reuss–Hill approximation. The analyses show that Ti4N3 is more ductile than Ti6N5 at the same pressure and ductility increases as the pressure increases. Moreover, the anisotropies of the Ti4N3 and Ti6N5 are discussed by the Young’s modulus at different directions, and the results indicate that the anisotropy of the two Ti–N compounds is obvious. The total density of states (TDOS) and partial density of states (PDOS) show that the TDOS of TiN, Ti4N3 and Ti6N5 originate mainly from Ti “d” and N “p” states. The results show that Ti4N3 and Ti6N5 present semimetal character. Pressure makes the level range of DOS significantly extended, for TiN, Ti4N3 and Ti6N5. The TDOS decreases with the pressure rise, at Fermi level.
Acute Compartment Syndrome of Upper Extremities with Tendon Ruptures
Authors: Suzuki Taku , Yamabe Eiko , Iwamoto Takuji , Suzuki Katsuji , Yamada Harumoto , Sato Kazuki
Published: November 2017

Background: It is well known that acute compartment syndrome is associated with fracture of the forearm, while involvement of soft tissue injury including musculotendinous injury remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the soft tissue involvement, including musculotendinous ruptures, in acute compartment syndrome of the upper limb.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 16 patients who underwent surgical treatment for acute compartment syndrome of the upper extremity. The average age of the patients was 47 years (range, 14 to 79) and the mean follow-up period after the surgery was 15 months (range, 12 to 29). Complications included at least one presentation at the final follow up of sensory disturbances or motor disturbances. We examined the presence of musculotendinous injury mechanism of injury, presence of fracture, the performance of skin grafting, and complications.

Results: Mechanism of injury of “caught in a machine” was found in six cases. Three of these patients had musculotendinous ruptures and all muscle tears were revealed by intraoperative findings. No patients had muscle ruptures with other injury mechanisms. Seven out of 16 patients (44%) developed complications at final follow-up. Skin grafting was performed in six patients, and five of these patients developed complications. Only one of the nine patients without complications underwent skin grafting.

Conclusions: In cases of high-energy injuries, the surgeon should suspect the presence of a musculotendinous injury prior to surgery.
The ‘Te’ Technique for Restoring Fingertip Stability Post Traumatic Acro-Osteolysis – A Report and Review of Management Options
Authors: Lin Yu-Te , Loh Charles Yuen Yung
Published: November 2017

Background: Fractures of the distal phalanx can result in bony non-union, resulting in acro-osteolysis and subsequent fingertip instability due to soft tissue dissociation from bone. Conventional methods of treating this involve osseous fixation, but do not address the laxity and lack of soft tissue stability with bone. Current techniques also do not address the management of such conditions if bony fragments are too small to reduce. We present a novel method that addresses both soft tissue and bony deformity in this condition.

Methods: A review of current techniques in the literature is provided as well as an in depth description of our technique using a representative case.

Results: Follow-up results and photographs are presented in this article. Functional assessment is also provided in the article as part of the follow-up.

Conclusions: This technique is applicable for cases where severe resorption of distal phalanx has occurred, leaving little or no purchase for bony fixation. Hence, the technique can not only be applied post traumatic acro-osteolysis, but also other conditions where secondary soft tissue lengthening occurs and fingertip instability is formed as a result.
Lunotriquetral Ligament Reconstruction Utilizing a Palmaris Longus Autograft
Authors: Harper Carl M. , Iorio Matthew L.
Published: November 2017

Injury to the lunotriquetral ligament can result in midcarpal instability, with resultant alterations in normal wrist kinematics and subsequent arthrosis. We performed a previously undescribed technique of lunotriquetral ligament reconstruction in two patients utilizing a palmaris longus tendon autograft. Average age at presentation was 24 years old with a mean follow up of 10 months. Average range of motion was 62.5° of flexion and 57.5° of extension. Total arc of motion was 83% of the contralateral uninvolved extremity. Average grip strength was 31 kg which was 91% of the contralateral extremity. Average Quick Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand score was 12.5 and Modern Activity Subjective Survey of 2007 was 1.5. No complications were noted.
Compressive Ulnar Neuropathy Caused by Olecranon Bursitis and Concomitant Epidermal Cyst: A Case Report
Authors: Yamazaki Hiroshi , Shinone Michitaka , Kato Hiroyuki
Published: November 2017

Epidermal cyst is a dermal or subcutaneous epithelial cyst that contains keratin and is lined by true epidermis. Although extremely rare, it can cause pathology including nerve compression syndrome. We report a rare case of ulnar nerve compression in the elbow that was caused by olecranon bursitis and concomitant epidermal cyst in a 67-year-old man. The ulnar nerve was immediately adjacent to the olecranon bursa and was significantly compressed. There was no connection between the tumor and the ulnar nerve. Pain, numbness, and weakness in his ring and little fingers disappeared after resection of the cyst and bursa.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Trigger Wrist Caused by Localized Amyloidosis: A Case Report
Authors: Wakasugi Takuma , Shirasaka Ritsuro , Kawauchi Toshiyuki , Fujita Koji , Okawa Atsushi
Published: November 2017

We report a case of carpal tunnel syndrome and trigger wrist caused by localized amyloidosis. A 37-year-old man, who worked as a manufacturer, presented with a 5-month history of tingling sensation in the three radial fingers of the left hand and a painful click at the volar aspect of the wrist during digital motion. We divided the transverse carpal ligament and detected diffuse tenosynovitis that was especially severe around the flexor digitorum profundus tendons. Histological findings led to a diagnosis of amyloidosis. Localized amyloidosis could thus be a cause of trigger wrist. Systemic amyloidosis may develop in patients with localized amyloidosis; therefore, patients with trigger wrist caused by flexor tenosynovitis should be investigated for the existence of localized amyloidosis, with biopsy of the flexor tenosynovium.
Metallic Mercury Injection in the Hand Caused by A Broken Mercury Thermometer: A Case Report
Authors: Kim Dongmin , Park Jong Woong
Published: November 2017

Incorrect usage of or accidents related to metallic mercury can be hazardous. Herein, we present a case of subcutaneous metallic mercury injection in the hand caused by a broken thermometer and surgical tips for this injury. A 43-year-old female patient visited our hospital due to mercurial injection injury at the left hand suffered 4 weeks previously. On gross findings, the mercury deposition was limited to the subcutaneous layer and enveloped by granulation tissue. The blood mercury level, which had been abnormally elevated, fortunately decreased to within normal levels within five months. Nonetheless, this initial elevation indicates the possibility of systemic complications after local absorption of mercury droplets into the general circulation. In conclusion, we recommend prompt and complete excision of mercury material to prevent local and systemic complications, and excising the granulation tissue in its entirety, while retaining the mercury droplets within, is recommended.
Ancient Schwannoma of Radial Nerve: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Bhat Anil K. , Acharya Ashwath M. , Narayanakurup Jayakrishnan K. , Shankar Vijay
Published: November 2017

Ancient schwannoma is a rare variant of schwannoma associated with a longstanding course. They differ from classical schwannomas in the long duration for this subtype of schwannoma to develop and also by demonstrating haemorrhagic and degenerative changes with nuclear atypia. It is because of these histologic hallmarks that they are frequently misdiagnosed as malignant tumours. They usually involve the major nerves of flexor surfaces in upper extremity such as the ulnar and median nerve but schwannomas of the radial nerve are a rare entity. We report two cases of ancient schwannoma involving the radial nerve at mid arm and dorsum of the hand. The differential diagnoses included atypical soft tissue sarcomas and tumours of neural origin. Imaging and histopathology are crucial in diagnoses of these tumours.
Restoration of the Active Forearm Rotation Using Vascularized Free Fibular Graft and Radial Head Arthroplasty for a Wide Defect of the Proximal Radius
Authors: Sato Ryosuke , Hamada Yoshitaka , Hibino Naohito , Nishisho Toshihiko , Tonogai Ichiro , Endo Kenji , Sairyo Koichi
Published: November 2017

In this report we present a case of re-stabilization of the proximal radius using vascularized free fibular graft combined with anconeus arthroplasty to stabilize the transplanted fibula in a patient with large loss of the proximal radius due to Ewing’s sarcoma. A 20-year-old woman had Ewing’s sarcoma in the proximal three-fourths of the radius. The resection of large part of the radius containing radial head were necessary for removal of the sarcoma. Reconstruction of the proximal radius was performed using vascularized free fibular graft and the transplanted fibula was stabilized by attaching the anconeus to the proximal edge of the fibula. 2 years after surgery, she had neither recurrence nor metastasis, and achieved functional recovery. The combination anconeus arthroplasty with vascularized free fibular graft can be a good technique for re-stabilization of the elbow and recovery of the forearm function.
Buckling Analysis of Laminated Composite Plate on Tensionless Elastic Foundations Under Uniaxial Compression
Authors: Dong Jianghui , Ma Xing , Zhuge Yan , Mills Julie E.
Published: November 2017

This paper addresses the compressive local buckling behavior of an infinitely long laminated composite plate resting on a tensionless elastic foundation (Winkler foundation). The analytical solution to the contact buckling coefficient of a laminated composite plate is derived using a one-dimensional analytical method. Numerical examples are considered to investigate the influence of the ply angle and foundation stiffness on the contact buckling coefficients of laminated composite plates under uniaxial compression. The lateral boundary conditions including clamped and simply-supported edges are treated. Finally, finite element (FE) analysis is conducted to provide an independent check on the analytical solutions.
Orogeny and the collapse of the Devonian Prairie Evaporite karst in Western Canada: impact on the overlying Cretaceous Athabasca Oil Sands
Authors: Broughton Paul L.
Published: November 2017

The Middle Devonian Prairie Evaporite Formation accumulated up to 200 m of halite-dominated beds across Western Canada in a salt basin extending from northern Alberta southeastwards into southern Saskatchewan and western North Dakota. A 1000 km long salt dissolution trend along the eastern basin margin resulted in the removal of 100–150 m of halite–anhydrite beds. A second salt dissolution trend removed up to 200 m of section across southern Saskatchewan. The removal of the halite-dominated beds and the collapse of the overlying strata responded to regional aquifer and vertical water flows driven by compaction up-structure to the NE towards the eastern margins of the foreland Alberta and intracratonic Williston constituent basins of the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin. Flows resulting in dissolution trends in the deepening Alberta foreland basin were responses to Middle Jurassic–Early Cretaceous Columbian orogenic tectonism, in contrast with the multiple Paleozoic and Mesozoic dissolution stages across the southern Saskatchewan area of the northern Williston basin. Water flows along the Devonian Keg River strata migrated into the overlying Prairie Evaporite salt beds. The dissolution fronts advanced along multi-kilometre long NW- and NE-oriented sets of fault–fracture lineaments resulting from orogenic Precambrian block movements propagated into the overlying Devonian strata. The Athabasca Oil Sands accumulated above a 300 km long segment of the dissolution trend along the eastern margin of the evaporite basin. An unusually low 1:2 thickness ratio of removed salt beds to overlying strata resulted in significant structural controls on the deposition of the overlying Cretaceous McMurray Formation point bar complexes. Fluvial point bars up to 6 km long and tens of metres thick collinearly aligned along fairways tens of kilometres long, following the halite dissolution trends 200 m below. These sand reservoirs trapped Laramide oil migration into the area. Biodegradation followed, resulting in a trillion barrel resource. A final stage of salt removal occurred with the influx of subglacial meltwaters, rejuvenating 10 km
2
Cretaceous collapses across southern Saskatchewan.
Victimization Trends and Correlates: Macro- and Microinfluences and New Directions for Research
Authors: Lauritsen Janet L. , Rezey Maribeth L.
Published: November 2017

This paper assesses the state of the literature on victimization and its correlates by examining a diverse set of victimization trends and by summarizing the known correlates of victimization exhibited in research conducted at varying levels of analysis. A broad assessment of victimization research is valuable because it can shed light on both the similarities and differences in a wide range of trends and correlates of criminal victimization, thus prompting useful integration of the diverse set of literatures in this field. We also highlight how some individual-level correlates of victimization vary across spatial contexts as well as in their magnitude over time. Our review suggests that further attention to the commonalities in correlates across various types of victimization, and to multilevel and macrohistorical contexts, can help improve the utility of victimization research findings for both theory and practice.
Skeletal muscle function during the progression of cancer cachexia in the male ApcMin/+ mouse
Authors: VanderVeen Brandon N. , Hardee Justin P. , Fix Dennis K. , Carson James A.
Published: November 2017

While cancer-induced skeletal muscle wasting has been widely investigated, the drivers of cancer-induced muscle functional decrements are only beginning to be understood. Decreased muscle function impacts cancer patient quality of life and health status, and several potential therapeutics have failed in clinical trials due to a lack of functional improvement. Furthermore, systemic inflammation and intrinsic inflammatory signaling’s role in the cachectic disruption of muscle function requires further investigation. We examined skeletal muscle functional properties during cancer cachexia and determined their relationship to systemic and intrinsic cachexia indices. Male ApcMin/+ (MIN) mice were stratified by percent body weight loss into weight stable (WS; <5% loss) or cachectic (CX; >5% loss). Age-matched C57BL/6 littermates served as controls. Tibialis anterior (TA) twitch properties, tetanic force, and fatigability were examined in situ. TA protein and mRNA expression were examined in the nonstimulated leg. CX decreased muscle mass, tetanic force (Po), and specific tetanic force (sPo). Whole body and muscle fatigability were increased in WS and CX. CX had slower contraction rates, +dP/d t and −dP/d t, which were inversely associated with muscle signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 ( STAT3) and p65 activation. STAT3 and p65 activation were also inversely associated with Po. However, STAT3 was not related to sPo or fatigue. Muscle suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 mRNA expression was negatively associated with TA weight, Po, and sPo but not fatigue. Our study demonstrates that multiple functional deficits that occur with cancer cachexia are associated with increased muscle inflammatory signaling. Notably, muscle fatigability is increased in the MIN mouse before cachexia development.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Recent studies have identified decrements in skeletal muscle function during cachexia. We have extended these studies by directly relating decrements in muscle function to established cachexia indices. Our results demonstrate that a slow-fatigable contractile phenotype is developed during the progression of cachexia that coincides with increased muscle inflammatory signaling. Furthermore, regression analysis identified predictors of cancer-induced muscle dysfunction. Last, we report the novel finding that whole body and muscle fatigability were increased before cachexia development.
PD-L1 Promotes Self-Renewal and Tumorigenicity of Malignant Melanoma Initiating Cells
Authors: Zheng Fang , Dang Jianzhong , Zha Hui , Zhang Bingyu , Lin Ming , Cheng Fanjun
Published: November 2017

Recent studies have indicated that therapeutic antibodies targeting PD-L1 show remarkable efficacy in clinical trials in multiple tumors and that a melanoma cell-intrinsic PD-1: PD-L1 axis promotes tumor growth. However, few studies have shown tumor-intrinsic PD-L1 effects in malignant melanoma initiating cells (MMICs). Here, we aim to determine the possible regulatory effects of PD-L1 on MMICs. The ALDEFLUOR kit was used to identify ALDH+ MMICs. Flow cytometry was used to examine the expression of PD-L1 on ALDH+ MMICs. To determine the role of PD-L1 in MMICs self-renewal, we cultured melanoma cells with anti-PD-L1 and measured tumorsphere formation and apoptosis. In addition, the effects of anti-PD-L1 on tumorigenicity and residual ALDH+ MMICs in tumors were evaluated in vivo. We demonstrated that melanoma cell-intrinsic PD-L1 was expressed in ALDH+ MMICs. Blocking PD-L1 in melanoma cell lines impaired tumorsphere formation and induced the apoptosis of sphere cells. In addition, blocking PD-L1 inhibited tumor growth in vivo. We observed residual ALDH+ MMICs within the tumor. The results showed that blocking PD-L1 also significantly decreased the residual ALDH+ MMICs in the tumors. In conclusion, these results suggest a new mechanism underlying melanoma progression and PD-L1-targeted therapy, which is distinct from the immunomodulatory actions of PD-L1.
IL-1/TNF-αInflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Synchronization Affects Gingival Stem/Progenitor Cells’ Regenerative Attributes
Authors: Zhang Fan , Si Misi , Wang Huiming , Mekhemar Mohamed K. , Dörfer Christof E. , Fawzy El-Sayed Karim M.
Published: November 2017

Cytokines play major roles in tissue destruction/repair. The present study investigates proliferative and osteogenic differentiation potentials of gingival mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (G-MSCs), influenced by IL-1/TNF-αinflammatory/anti-inflammatory conditions. Human G-MSCs were isolated, characterized, and cultured in basic medium (control group, M1), in basic medium with IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ(inflammatory group, M2) and with IL-1ra/TNF-αi added to M2 (anti-inflammatory group, M3). MTT tests at days 1, 3, and 7 and CFU assay at day 12 were conducted. Osteogenic differentiation was analyzed by bone-specific transcription factors (RUNX2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), type I collagen (Col-I), osteopontin (OPN), and osteonectin (ON) expression at days 1, 3, 7, and 14 and Alizarin red staining at day 14. At day 3, the control group showed the highest cell numbers. At day 7, cell numbers in inflammatory and anti-inflammatory group outnumbered the control group. At day 12, CFUs decreased in the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory groups, with altered cellular morphology. The anti-inflammatory group demonstrated elevated bone-specific transcription factors at 14 days. After 14 days of osteogenic induction, calcified nodules in the anti-inflammatory group were higher compared to control and inflammatory groups. For regeneration, initial inflammatory stimuli appear essential for G-MSCs’ proliferation. With inflammatory persistence, this positive effect perishes and is followed by a short-term stimulatory one on osteogenesis. At this stage, selective anti-inflammatory intervention could boost G-MSCs’ differentiation.
Vaginal Endosalpingiosis Case Report: A Rare Entity Presenting as Intermenstrual Bleeding
Authors: Câmara Sara , Mendinhos Gustavo , Madureira Rosa , Martins Amália , Veríssimo Carlos
Published: November 2017

Endosalpingiosis is a benign and rare entity whose pathophysiology remains unknown. It has been described in pelvic organs, the abdomen, or axillar lymph nodes. Its underrecognition has occasionally led to its misinterpretation for an adenocarcinoma. This case reports the treatment and follow-up of vaginal endosalpingiosis, presenting as a vaginal polyp in a premenopausal women with intermenstrual bleeding. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of vaginal endosalpingiosis and the second mucosal localization after bladder endosalpingiosis.
Advertisement Click-Through Rate Prediction Based on the Weighted-ELM and Adaboost Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Sen , Fu Qiang , Xiao Wendong
Published: November 2017

Accurate click-through rate (CTR) prediction can not only improve the advertisement company’s reputation and revenue, but also help the advertisers to optimize the advertising performance. There are two main unsolved problems of the CTR prediction: low prediction accuracy due to the imbalanced distribution of the advertising data and the lack of the real-time advertisement bidding implementation. In this paper, we will develop a novel online CTR prediction approach by incorporating the real-time bidding (RTB) advertising by the following strategies: user profile system is constructed from the historical data of the RTB advertising to describe the user features, the historical CTR features, the ID features, and the other numerical features. A novel CTR prediction approach is presented to address the imbalanced learning sample distribution by integrating the Weighted-ELM (WELM) and the Adaboost algorithm. Compared to the commonly used algorithms, the proposed approach can improve the CTR significantly.
Yi‐Qi‐Ping‐Chuan‐Fang Reduces TSLP Elevation Caused by LPS + Poly(I:C) via Inhibiting TLR4/MYD88/NF‐κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Qu Minye , Tao Xiang , Ma Jian
Published: November 2017

Objective. To explore the correlation between Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP) and the Nuclear Factor‐ (NF‐) κB signaling pathways in bronchial epithelial cells and to clarify whether the traditional Chinese medicine formula Yi‐Qi‐Ping‐Chuan‐Fang (YQPC) reduces inflammation by inhibiting TSLP/NF‐κB signaling pathways. Methods. Cells were stimulated with LPS + Poly(I:C) and treated with YQPC. The expressions of TSLP and NF‐κB signaling pathways related proteins P65, IκK, IκBa, P‐P65, P‐IκK, P‐IκBa were detected. The effects of NF‐κB upstream molecules, Toll‐like receptors 3 and 4, myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (Myd88), TIR‐domain‐containing adapter‐inducing interferon‐β (TRIF), and downstream inflammatory cytokines, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐8, were assessed. Results. The mRNA and protein expressions of TSLP were significantly increased after LPS + Poly(I:C) stimulation, the total protein IκBa and IκK decreased (P < 0.05), and the phosphorylated protein P‐P65, P‐IκK, and P‐IκBα increased. After YQPC treatment, the expression of TSLP, P‐P65, P‐IκBa, and P‐IκK was significantly inhibited (P < 0.05). The activation of TLR4 and MyD88 decreased, and release of IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, and TNF‐α reduced (P < 0.05). Conclusion. In summary, the expression of TSLP is activated by the NF‐κB signaling pathway. YQPC alleviated inflammation by inhibiting TSLP through regulating the NF‐κB activation and translocation.
Efficacy and Safety of Halometasone Cream to Treat Chronic Generalized Eczema and the Effects of Halometasone Cream on Serum Cortisol Levels
Authors: Li Yan , Xu Wei , Li Linfeng
Published: November 2017

The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of halometasone cream to treat chronic generalized eczema and the effects of halometasone cream on serum cortisol (COR) levels. Sixty consecutive outpatients diagnosed with chronic generalized eczema between January and April 2017 were included and divided into groups A, B, and C with a lesion area of 30%–40%, 41%–50%, and 51%–60%, respectively. Groups A, B, and C were treated with halometasone cream with a daily dose of 15 g, 20 g, and 30 g for 7–14 days, respectively. Ten patients were randomly selected from each group for serum COR measurement at days 0, 7, and 14. On day 14, group B had significantly higher cure rate (47.1%) than groups A (17.9%) and C (13.3%) and significantly higher effectiveness rate (82.4%) than group C (40.0%) (allP<0.05). Serum COR levels were not affected in group A but were reduced significantly in groups B and C on days 7 and 14 (allP<0.05). No adverse reaction was observed. Halometasone cream appeared to relieve chronic generalized eczema effectively and safely. High dosage (≥20 g daily for 14 days) may temporarily reduce endogenous COR production substantially, although it may be more effective.
Least Square Support Tensor Regression Machine Based on Submatrix of the Tensor
Authors: Shu Tuo , Yang Zhi-Xia
Published: November 2017

For tensor regression problem, a novel method, called least square support tensor regression machine based on submatrix of a tensor (LS‐STRM‐SMT), is proposed. LS‐STRM‐SMT is a method which can be applied to deal with tensor regression problem more efficiently. First, we develop least square support matrix regression machine (LS‐SMRM) and propose a fixed point algorithm to solve it. And then LS‐STRM‐SMT for tensor data is proposed. Inspired by the relation between photochrome and the gray pictures, we reformulate the tensor sample training set and form the new model (LS‐STRM‐SMT) for tensor regression problem. With the introduction of projection matrices and another fixed point algorithm, we turn the LS‐STRM‐SMT model into several related LS‐SMRM models which are solved by the algorithm for LS‐SMRM. Since the fixed point algorithm is used twice while solving the LS‐STRM‐SMT problem, we call the algorithm dual fixed point algorithm (DFPA). Our method (LS‐STRM‐SMT) has been compared with several typical support tensor regression machines (STRMs). From theoretical point of view, our algorithm has less parameters and its computational complexity should be lower, especially when the rank of submatrix K is small. The numerical experiments indicate that our algorithm has a better performance.
Free and Forced Vibration Analysis of Airtight Cylindrical Vessels with Doubly Curved Shells of Revolution by Using Jacobi-Ritz Method
Authors: Pang Fuzhen , Li Haichao , Choe Kwangnam , Shi Dongyan , Kim Kwanghun
Published: November 2017

This paper presents free and forced vibration analysis of airtight cylindrical vessels consisting of elliptical, paraboloidal, and cylindrical shells by using Jacobi-Ritz Method. In this research, the theoretical model for vibration analysis is formulated by Flügge’s thin shell theory and the solution is obtained by Rayleigh-Ritz method. The vessel structure is divided into shell components (i.e., ellipsoid, parabolic, and cylinder) and their segments, and each displacement field of shell segments is represented by the Jacobi polynomials and the standard Fourier series. The continuous conditions at the interface are modeled by using the spring stiffness technique. The reliability and the accuracy of the present method are verified by comparing the results of the proposed method with the results of the previous literature and the finite element method (FEM). Moreover, some numerical results for free and forced vibration of elliptical-cylindrical-elliptical vessel (ECE vessel) and paraboloidal-cylindrical-elliptical vessel (PCE vessel) are reported.
The Influence of Recognition and Social Support on European Health Professionals’ Occupational Stress: A Demands-Control-Social Support-Recognition Bayesian Network Model
Authors: García-Herrero Susana , Lopez-Garcia Jose R. , Herrera Sixto , Fontaneda Ignacio , Báscones Sonia Muñoz , Mariscal Miguel A.
Published: November 2017

Healthcare professionals undergo high levels of occupational stress as a result of their working conditions. Thus, the aim of this study is to develop a model that focuses on healthcare professionals so as to analyze the influence that job demands, control, social support, and recognition have on the likelihood that a worker will experience stress. The data collected correspond to 2,211 healthcare workers from 35 countries, as reported in the sixth European Working Condition Survey (EWCS). The results obtained from this study allow us to infer stress under several working condition scenarios and to identify the more relevant variables in order to reduce this stress in healthcare professionals, which is of paramount importance to managing the stress of workers in this sector. The Bayesian network proposed indicates that emotional demands have a greater influence on raising the likelihood of stress due to workload than do family demands. The results show that the support of colleagues, in general, has less effect on reducing stress than social support from superiors. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis shows that, in high-demand and low-control situations, recognition clearly impacts stress, drastically reducing it.
Choroidal Thickness in Women with Uncomplicated Pregnancy: Literature Review
Authors: Roskal-Wałek Joanna , Laudańska-Olszewska Iwona , Biskup Michał , Gierada Magdalena , Odrobina Dominik
Published: November 2017

Pregnancy is a time when many changes occur in a woman’s body. The goal of these changes is the provision of optimum conditions for the development of the foetus. Pregnancy also affects eye physiology. Well recognized physiological changes include a reduced corneal sensitivity, an increase in its central thickness and curvature, and a decrease in intraocular pressure.The association between choroidal thickness and pregnancy is not clear. Haemodynamic and hormonal changes taking place during pregnancy and the question of whether these changes are reflected by choroidal thickness are especially important. It is assumed that the choroid, which is one of the most highly vascularized tissues characterized by the highest blood flow to tissue volume ratio in the whole body, should respond by an increase in its thickness to an increase in blood flow and drop in the value of peripheral resistance. Measurement of choroidal thickness using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) in women with uncomplicated pregnancy provides important information concerning the effects of physiological changes in the eye.
PID Controller of Sprayer Chassis by Sliding Mode
Authors: Zhang Hua
Published: November 2017

In order to solve the straight line drive coordinated control problem of the four-wheel independent drive sprayer chassis, the dynamic model of sprayer chassis and electromagnetic proportional valve controlled hydraulic motor model are established. The additional yaw moment is designed to rectify the deviation with sliding mode variable structure control. PID control strategy is used to calculate the control voltage adjustment of the electromagnetic proportional valve. The simulation results show that the accumulative deviation of the chassis is 0.2 m out of 100 m when the coordinated control strategy is adopted on different adhesive coefficient pavement, which is much smaller than the value without control. The test results of test prototype show that the yaw acceleration of the chassis can be as low as −0.0132 m/s2 on different adhesive coefficient pavement with coordinated control, which is smaller than the value without control, and the straight line drive requirements are met. It is feasible to combine sliding mode variable structure with PID control and use the electromagnetic proportional control technology in the straight line drive coordinated control of sprayer chassis by adding the yaw moment to rectify the deviation of chassis based on the yaw acceleration detection.
Synthesis of Carbon Nanofibers with Maghemite via a Modified Sol-Gel Technique
Authors: Díaz Silva Nicolás , Valdez Salas Benjamín , Nedev Nicola , Curiel Alvarez Mario , Bastidas Rull José M. , Zlatev Roumen , Stoytcheva Margarita
Published: November 2017

Carbon nanohybrid material (CNF/γ-Fe2O3) was obtained via a modified sol-gel technique consisting of two steps: functionalization of carbon nanofibers (CNF) in H2SO4/HNO3 followed by synthesis using Fe(NO3)3∙9H2O. As a result, the iron content of the CNF/γ-Fe2O3 was increased by more than twice from about 40% to about 87% mass percent, compared to the pristine CNF and oxidized CNF specimens, as proved by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. Scanning electron microscopy images exhibited “cumulus” on the CNF/γ-Fe2O3 specimen surface, which showed the highest iron mass percentage, proved by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy images confirmed attachment of γ-Fe2O3 cumulus to the inner and outer surfaces of the CNF walls after synthesis. The characteristic peaks of Fe 2p3/2 and Fe 2p1/2 appeared in the XPS spectra obtained on CNF/γ-Fe2O3. In addition, X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated formation of γ-Fe2O3 during the synthesis process. The Raman spectrum of the CNF/γ-Fe2O3 sample displays peaks with positions close to characteristic peaks of highly crystalline and monodisperse maghemite nanocrystallites. The synthesis of CNF/γ-Fe2O3 leads to an increase in the hydrophilicity of CNF and magnetic properties at room temperature.
Cultivation and Immortalization of Human B‐Cells Producing a Human Monoclonal IgM Antibody Binding to MDA‐LDL: Further Evidence for Formation of Atherogenic MDA‐LDL Adducts in Humans In Vivo
Authors: Tatzber Franz , Pursch Edith , Resch Ulrike , Pfragner Roswitha , Holasek Sandra , Lindschinger Meinrad , Cvirn Gerhard , Wonisch Willibald
Published: November 2017

Oxidatively modified low‐density lipoprotein (oLDL) is firmly believed to play an important role in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis, and malonic dialdehyde (MDA) is one of the major lipid peroxidation breakdown products involved in this process. In recent decades, antibodies against MDA‐LDL have been detected in human and animal sera. In our study, human B‐cells from the peripheral blood of a healthy female donor were fused with the SP2/0 mouse myeloma cell line. Antibody‐producing hybridomas were detected by MDA‐LDL‐IgG/IgM enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and Cu++‐oxidized LDL IgG/IgM (oLAb) ELISA. Cells with supernatants emitting positive signals for antibodies were then cloned and after sufficient multiplication frozen and stored under liquid nitrogen. Due to the loss of antibody‐producing ability, we established an MDA‐LDL‐IgM‐producing cell line by recloning. This allowed isolation and immortalization of several human B‐cells. The human donor had not been immunized with MDA‐modified proteins, thus obviously producing MDA‐LDL antibodies in vivo. Furthermore, using these antibodies for in vitro experiments, we were able to demonstrate that MDA epitopes are among the epitopes generated during Cu++‐LDL oxidation as well. Finally, these antibodies compete in ELISA and cell culture experiments with MDA as a challenging toxin or ligand.
Human Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells from Umbilical Cord Blood and Placenta Exhibit Similar Capacities to Promote Expansion of Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells In Vitro
Authors: Fajardo-Orduña Guadalupe R. , Mayani Héctor , Flores-Guzmán Patricia , Flores-Figueroa Eugenia , Hernández-Estévez Erika , Castro-Manrreza Marta , Piña-Sánchez Patricia , Arriaga-Pizano Lourdes , Gómez-Delgado Alejandro , Alarcón-Santos Guadalupe , Balvanera-Ortíz Odette , Montesinos Juan J.
Published: November 2017

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) from bone marrow (BM) have been used in coculture systems as a feeder layer for promoting the expansion of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) for hematopoietic cell transplantation. Because BM has some drawbacks, umbilical cord blood (UCB) and placenta (PL) have been proposed as possible alternative sources of MSCs. However, MSCs from UCB and PL sources have not been compared to determine which of these cell populations has the best capacity of promoting hematopoietic expansion. In this study, MSCs from UCB and PL were cultured under the same conditions to compare their capacities to support the expansion of HPCs in vitro. MSCs were cocultured with CD34+CD38−Lin− HPCs in the presence or absence of early acting cytokines. HPC expansion was analyzed through quantification of colony-forming cells (CFCs), long-term culture-initiating cells (LTC-ICs), and CD34+CD38−Lin− cells. MSCs from UCB and PL have similar capacities to increase HPC expansion, and this capacity is similar to that presented by BM-MSCs. Here, we are the first to determine that MSCs from UCB and PL have similar capacities to promote HPC expansion; however, PL is a better alternative source because MSCs can be obtained from a higher proportion of samples.
Cl− as a Chemical Fingerprint of Solute Transport in the Aquitard-Aquifer System of the North Jiangsu Coastal Plain, China
Authors: Ge Qin , Liang Xing , Jin Menggui , Li Jing , Liu Yan
Published: November 2017

Detailed vertical profiles of Cl− in porewaters through the aquitard-aquifer system were used to yield solute transport mechanism and build a conceptual model regarding evolution processes and transport time of natural tracer migration in North Jiangsu coastal plain, China. One-dimensional vertical simulated models of Cl− profiles illustrate that diffusion appeared to be the dominant solute transport mechanism in the aquitard-aquifer system. A downward groundwater flow did not improve the fitness between simulated and measured values. Several simulated models were constructed and suggested that the evolution of the Cl− profiles is mainly ascribed to the introduction of seawater and freshwater of transgression-regression to the first confined aquifer and the upper boundary. Groundwater in the first confined aquifer recharged by the Late Pleistocene glacial meltwater (25–15 ka BP) was supported in response to the low Cl− concentrations. The shallow groundwater in the first confined aquifer and porewater with high salt were attributable to the Holocene seawater intrusion. These timeframes were also consistent favorably with the results of previous studies into the palaeohydrology of the study area.
Targeted Delivery of siRNA Therapeutics to Malignant Tumors
Authors: Leng Qixin , Woodle Martin C. , Mixson A. James
Published: November 2017

Over the past 20 years, a diverse group of ligands targeting surface biomarkers or receptors has been identified with several investigated to target siRNA to tumors. Many approaches to developing tumor-homing peptides, RNA and DNA aptamers, and single-chain variable fragment antibodies by using phage display, in vitro evolution, and recombinant antibody methods could not have been imagined by researchers in the 1980s. Despite these many scientific advances, there is no reason to expect that the ligand field will not continue to evolve. From development of ligands based on novel or existing biomarkers to linking ligands to drugs and gene and antisense delivery systems, several fields have coalesced to facilitate ligand-directed siRNA therapeutics. In this review, we discuss the major categories of ligand-targeted siRNA therapeutics for tumors, as well as the different strategies to identify new ligands.
Conceptualising the Factors Affecting Retention in Care of Patients on Antiretroviral Treatment in Kabwe District, Zambia, Using the Ecological Framework
Authors: Mukumbang Ferdinand C. , Mwale Joyce Chali , van Wyk Brian
Published: November 2017

Background. HIV remains a major public health challenge in Zambia. The roll-out of antiretroviral treatment (ART) has engendered new challenges in retention in care. Objective. To conceptualise the factors affecting retention in care of ART patients at three primary healthcare facilities using the ecological framework. Method. Qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews with 45 ART patients and three focus group discussions with 20 healthcare providers from three primary healthcare facilities in Kabwe district, Zambia, and subjected to thematic content analysis. Results. Individual level barriers to retention in care included side effects, gaining weight, belief in faith healing, and use of herbal remedies and alcohol. Interpersonal barriers such as stigma and nondisclosure of HIV status were reported. At the institutional level, inadequate space in the clinic, long waiting times, long travel distances, and shortage of third-line drugs presented barriers to retention in care. Food shortages and patient mobility were reported as community barriers to retention in care. Conclusion. The ecological framework conceptualises the complex and dynamic factors affecting retention in ART care and highlights the need for multifaceted interventions that combine health education, disease management, and opportunities for income generation in a socially responsive and accountable environment.
Using Improved Entropy‐Cloud Model to Select High‐Speed Railway Express Freight Train Service Sites
Authors: Huang Wencheng , Shuai Bin
Published: November 2017

High‐speed railway (HSR) express freight train service sites selection is critical to the development of China’s Third Party Logistics market. In this paper, we formulate an improved entropy‐cloud model based approach to solve the HSR express sites selection problem for the first time. The basic data of the indicators, for example, existing railway network conditions, traffic environment, express freight market demand, and policy, will be used as the inputs. We apply improved entropy method to obtain each subindicator’s weight. The cloud model will be used to select and classify each station under evaluation.
An Augmented Lagrangian Method for the Optimal H∞ Model Order Reduction Problem
Authors: Yang Hongli , Zhao Maoxian
Published: November 2017

This paper treats the computational method of the optimal H∞ model order reduction (MOR) problem of linear time‐invariant (LTI) systems. Optimal solution of MOR problem of LTI systems can be obtained by solving the LMIs feasibility coupling with a rank inequality constraint, which makes the solutions much harder to be obtained. In this paper, we show that the rank inequality constraint can be formulated as a linear rank function equality constraint. Properties of the linear rank function are discussed. We present an iterative algorithm based on augmented Lagrangian method by replacing the rank inequality with the linear rank function. Convergence analysis of the algorithm is given, which is distinct to the now available heuristic methods. Numerical experiments for the MOR problems of continuous LTI system illustrate the practicality of our method.
The Rapidly Evolving Concept of Whole Heart Engineering
Authors: Iop Laura , Dal Sasso Eleonora , Menabò Roberta , Di Lisa Fabio , Gerosa Gino
Published: November 2017

Whole heart engineering represents an incredible journey with as final destination the challenging aim to solve end-stage cardiac failure with a biocompatible and living organ equivalent. Its evolution started in 2008 with rodent organs and is nowadays moving closer to clinical application thanks to scaling-up strategies to human hearts. This review will offer a comprehensive examination on the important stages to be reached for the bioengineering of the whole heart, by describing the approaches of organ decellularization, repopulation, and maturation so far applied and the novel technologies of potential interest. In addition, it will carefully address important demands that still need to be satisfied in order to move to a real clinical translation of the whole bioengineering heart concept.
Computing Individual Risks Based on Family History in Genetic Disease in the Presence of Competing Risks
Authors: Nuel Gregory , Lefebvre Alexandra , Bouaziz Olivier
Published: November 2017

When considering a genetic disease with variable age at onset (e.g., familial amyloid neuropathy, cancers), computing the individual risk of the disease based on family history (FH) is of critical interest for both clinicians and patients. Such a risk is very challenging to compute because 1 the genotype X of the individual of interest is in general unknown, 2 the posterior distribution PX∣FH,T>t changes with t (T is the age at disease onset for the targeted individual), and 3 the competing risk of death is not negligible. In this work, we present modeling of this problem using a Bayesian network mixed with (right-censored) survival outcomes where hazard rates only depend on the genotype of each individual. We explain how belief propagation can be used to obtain posterior distribution of genotypes given the FH and how to obtain a time-dependent posterior hazard rate for any individual in the pedigree. Finally, we use this posterior hazard rate to compute individual risk, with or without the competing risk of death. Our method is illustrated using the Claus-Easton model for breast cancer. The competing risk of death is derived from the national French registry.