bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Brief Review on Deep Learning and Types of Implementation for Deep Learning
Authors: Thikshaja Uthra Kunathur , Paul Anand
Published: July 2017

In recent years, there's been a resurgence in the field of Artificial Intelligence and deep learning is gaining a lot of attention. Deep learning is a branch of machine learning based on a set of algorithms that can be used to model high-level abstractions in data by using multiple processing layers with complex structures, or otherwise composed of multiple non-linear transformations. Estimation of depth in a Neural Network (NN) or Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is an integral as well as complicated process. These methods have dramatically improved the state-of-the-art in speech recognition, visual object recognition, object detection and many other domains such as drug discovery and genomics. This chapter describes the motivations for deep architecture, problem with large networks, the need for deep architecture and new implementation techniques for deep learning. At the end, there is also an algorithm to implement the deep architecture using the recursive nature of functions and transforming them to get the desired output.
Digital Investigation of Cybercrimes Based on Big Data Analytics Using Deep Learning
Authors: Hemdan Ezz El-Din , H. Manjaiah D.
Published: July 2017

Big Data Analytics has become an important paradigm that can help digital investigators to investigate cybercrimes as well as provide solutions to malware and threat prediction, detection and prevention at an early stage. Big Data Analytics techniques can use to analysis enormous amount of generated data from new technologies such as Social Networks, Cloud Computing and Internet of Things to understand the committed crimes in addition to predict the new coming severe attacks and crimes in the future. This chapter introduce principles of Digital Forensics and Big Data as well as exploring Big Data Analytics and Deep Learning benefits and advantages that can help the digital investigators to develop and propose new techniques and methods based on Big Data Analytics using Deep Learning techniques that can be adapted to the unique context of Digital Forensics as well as support performing digital investigation process in forensically sound and timely fashion manner.
Business Education Management Models
Authors: Trevino-Martinez Salvador
Published: July 2017

Business schools operate in highly dynamic internal and external environments. This chapter approaches schools of business management systems as integrated networks that emerge as responses to the demands poised by diverse constituencies. Integrated networks operate efficiently when considerations such as business cycle patterns, information exchange and cooperation, critical processes, and organizational designs are believed to be about the influence of internal and external factors. It is concluded that integrated networks help to explain the ways in which schools of business may achieve their mandate of providing quality educational results while managing the increasing environmental pressures bestowed upon them by internal and external educational environment. It is also concluded that since there is no one best management model for academic institutions, to adopt a continuous screening of the business school environment becomes a central element behind its ability to thrive in a competitive environment.
Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility in Human Resource Management
Authors: Ruiz-Lozano Mercedes , Nieto Rafael Ruiz
Published: July 2017

Nowadays, it is vital to draw attention to how ethics and social responsibility should be present in the management of organizations. One of the main functions affected is human resources, so we need to know how ethics affects their management and the implications that the incorporation of social responsibility has in this role. In this context, Corporate Social Responsibility arises because companies' action affects or may be influenced by relationship with stakeholders, so the engagement with them in support of the social responsibility of an organization should be guided by ethical criteria and arise from dialogue with them. Therefore, this chapter attempts to answer that need and meet the following objectives: Generate a sensitivity to the moral dimension inherent to everything human and social; draw attention to the ethical implications of decision making in the company and present the instruments that can be used to promote ethical behavior in the organization; and show how to integrate social, economic and environmental concerns into decision making processes.
Two-Directional Two-Dimensional Principal Component Analysis Based on Wavelet Decomposition for High-Dimensional Biomedical Signals Classification
Authors: Xie Hong-Bo , Guo Tianruo
Published: July 2017

Here, we present a multi-scale two-directional two-dimensional principal component analysis (MS2D2PCA) method for the efficient and effective extraction of essential feature information from signals. Time-invariant multi-scale matrices are constructed in the first step. The two-directional two-dimensional principal component analysis then operates on the multi-scale matrices to reduce the dimension, rather than vectors in conventional PCA. Results are presented from an experiment to classify twenty hand motions using 89-channel EMG signals recorded in stroke survivors, which illustrates the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method for biomedical signal analysis. With this multi-scale two-directional two-dimensional principal component analysis for high-dimensional signal classification, spatial-time-frequency discriminant information from high-dimensional EMG electrode array can be effectively extracted and reduced using the proposed method. Compared with the time domain feature extraction in conjunction with PCA, MS2D2PCA performed better with higher classification accuracy and less PCs in EMG classification. The efficiency and effectiveness of the method can be further validated by using high-dimensional EEG, MEG, fMRI signals. Although the present study focuses on high-dimensional signal pattern classification, based on the PCs obtained at multiple scales, it is relatively straightforward to expand MS2D2PCA for high-dimensional signal compression, denoising, component extraction, and other related tasks.
Smart Technology for Non Invasive Biomedical Sensors to Measure Physiological Parameters
Authors: Rajasekaran K , Xavier Anitha Mary , Jegan R
Published: July 2017

Communication and Information technologies are transforming our lifestyles, social interactions, and workplaces. One of the promising applications of the information and communication technology is healthcare and wellness management. Advancement in electronic health care and mobile have made doctors and patients to involve the modern healthcare system by extending the capabilities of physiological monitoring devices. Various biomedical sensors are being used to measure the physiological parameters like pulse rate, blood glucose level, blood pressure etc., Among various bio-sensor, Researchers from different field of science are particularly and increasingly interested in Photoplethysmography (PPG) signals. This chapter addresses the importance of bio sensors and its principle, significance of remote monitoring of PPG signal using Radio Frequency (RF) and design challenges in RF connectivity. Also this chapter presents a reliable low power wireless transmission mechanism of biomedical signals which works on narrow band RF frequencies.
Fractographic Evaluation of the Metallic Materials for Medical Applications
Authors: Ghiban Brandusa , Varlan Florentina Catalina , Niculescu Marius , Voinescu Dan
Published: July 2017

The manner of studying of the fracture modes could be done through fractography. Fractography is the study of fracture surface morphologies and it gives an insight into damage and failure mechanisms, underpinning the development of physically-based failure criteria. In composites research it provides a crucial link between predictive models and experimental observations. Fractographic methods are routinely used to determine the cause of failure in all engineering structures, especially in product failure and the practice of forensic engineering or failure analysis. In material science research, fractography is used to develop and evaluate theoretical models of crack growth behavior. One of the aims of fractographic examination is to determine the cause of failure by studying the characteristics of a fracture surface. Different types of crack growth produce characteristic features on the surface, which can be used to help identify the failure mode. The overall pattern of cracking can be more important than a single crack, however, especially in the case of brittle behavior materials. Initial fractographic examination is commonly carried out on a macro scale utilizing low power optical microscopy and oblique lighting techniques to identify the extent of cracking, possible modes and likely origins. When it is needed to identify the nature of failure, an analysis at high magnification is required and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) seems to be the best choice. The problem of fracture behavior of biometallic materials is a real one, being well and repeatedly presented in literature. Variations in alloy compositions can lead to subtle differences in mechanical, physical, or electrochemical properties. However, these differences are minor compared with the potential variability caused by differences in fabrication methodology, heat treatment, cold working, and surface finishing, where surface treatments are particularly important for corrosion and wear properties. The aim of this paper, therefore, is to summarize the different types of metals and alloys used as biomaterials, the corrosion of metals in the human body, and different failure damages of metallic implants.
Dendritic Cell–Derived IL-32α: A Novel Inhibitory Cytokine of NK Cell Function
Authors: Gorvel Laurent , Korenfeld Daniel , Tung Thomas , Klechevsky Eynav
Published: July 2017

Cytokines produced by dendritic cells (DCs) can largely determine the direction of immunity. Transcriptional analysis revealed that besides IL-15, IL-32 was the only other cytokine expressed by human Langerhans cells. IL-32 is a human cytokine that exists in four main isoforms. Currently, little is known about the regulation and function of the various IL-32 isoforms. In this study, we found that IL-15 is a potent inducer of IL-32α in DCs. Because IL-15 promotes NK cell activation, we investigated the interplay between IL-32 and IL-15 and their role in NK cell activity. We show that IL-32α acts on NK cells to inhibit IL-15–mediated STAT5 phosphorylation and to suppress their IL-15–induced effector molecule expression and cytolytic capacity. IL-32α also acted on DCs by downregulating IL-15–induced IL-18 production, an important cytokine in NK cell activity. Blocking IL-32α during DC:NK cell coculture enhanced NK cell effector molecule expression as well as their cytolytic capacity. Taken together, our findings suggest a feedback inhibition of IL-15–mediated NK cell activity by IL-32α.
The recovery of metal grade thorium concentrate from uranium plant ion exchange effluents by amine solvent extraction
Authors: Simard R
Published: July 2017

Ion exchange waste solutions were treated on a pilot plant scale for the recovery of-thorium concentrates by solvent extraction with 5% di-tridecyl amine in kerosene, the extract being stripped with either sodium carbonate or sodium chloride. Recovery of
thorium from solutions containing from 0.15 to 0.25 g Th02/1 was 95% or better. Extract loadings ranged from 2.0 to 2.5 g Th02/1. Final products analysing 98% Th02 or better were obtained, which were found acceptable for the production of alloying grade thorium metal by the calcium reduction
process. Reagent costs, including solvent losses, varied from 39 cents per lb Th02 for the chloride strip procedure to 47 cents per lb Th02 for the carbonate strip procedure.
The mineralogy of the Bernic Lake pegmatite, southeastern Manitoba
Authors: Nickel E H
Published: July 2017

The Bernic Lake pegmatite is a complex zoned pegmatite which contains a large number of minerals, some of which are quite unusual. This mineralogical study has been directed primarily at those minerals that are most likely to be of potential economic interest.
The pegmatite contains a relatively large amount of pollucite, a cesium aluminosilicate. Lithium occurs in a number of minerals, chiefly spodurnene, lithian micas and arnblygonite. Appreciable amounts of rubidium have been found in the lithian micas and in microcline feldspar. Tantalum and tin occur
largely as stanniferous tantalite which contains an unusually large amount of chemically combined tin. Beryl occurs in various parts of the deposit. Other minerals found in the pegmatite include quartz, albite, lithiophilite, tapiolite, microlite, cassiterite, apatite, rhodochrosite, magnetite,
ilrnenite, scheelite, zircon, stannite, tourmaline, clay minerals, and calcite.
The radiometric analysis of uranium-bearing steels
Authors: Horwood J L
Published: July 2017

Radiometric techniques which depend on counting either beta particles or low-energy gamma-rays provide a rapid, accurate method for estimating the uranium content of steel samples. With both methods uranium concentrations between. 0.01 and 2% have been
measured in less than 10 minutes, counting a 20-gram sample in a lead shield. Because the penetration of beta particles is limited to 1.4 mm of steel, the measurement is essentially that of the surface concentration; therefore, to eliminate serious error resulting from a non-uniform distribution of
uranium in steel, samples should be prepared from fragmentary material, such as drillings or chips, which has been mechanically mixed and pressed into pellets to form an even surface for beta counting. The measurement of gamma radiation from thorium-234, the daughter element of uranium-238, provides
a result which is more representative of the uranium concentration throughout the whole sample. To obtain the required sensitivity for gamma counting, background effects are reduced by selecting radiation between 50 and 2 00 keV and by counting thin samples generally less than 6 mm thick to minimize
self-absorption within the sample. Samples may be in the form of thin solid bars, fine drillings and chips, or fragments compressed into pellets as for the beta method. The last form is preferable; such samples can be prepared and counted in less than ten minutes. Details are given of the equipment
required for both methods.
Porosimetry by mercury injection
Authors: Shaw G T , Parsons B I , Montgomery D S
Published: July 2017

Apparatus and techniques are described for quick routine determinations of the pore size distribution by mercury injection. In porosimetry by mercury injection, the amount of mercury that can be forced into a porous solid is measured as a function of the applied
pressure. Details of apparatus for measurements at low pressures (1 to 15 psia) and high pressures (Ita to 60,000 psi) are given. The range of pore radii measurable with the equipment is 100 microns to 17A in materials, such as alumina, silica and activated clays, which have a low compressibility.
Pore size distributions determined by the mercury method are compared with pore size distributions calculated from nitrogen desorption isotherms. A discussion is also given on the application of mercury porosimetry to porous bodies containing non-cylindrical pores.
Mineralogy of the Mount Pleasant tin deposit in New Brunswick
Authors: Petruk W
Published: July 2017

The Mount Pleasant tin deposit in New Brunswick is unusually complex and contains a wide variety of minerals. The tin-bearing minerals are cassiterite and stannite. Cassiterite is the chief tin mineral and it occurs as disseminations in mineralized rock fluorite
masses and sulphide veins. The cassiterite in the mineralized rock and sulphide veins occurs as small grains, whereas that in the fluorite masses is present as relatively large grains. Stannite was found mainly as irregular grains and minute inclusions in sphalerite and arsenopyrite. Sphaltt rite is
the most abundant ore mineral. It is generally black and contains minute exsolution bodies of chalcopyrite, stannite and pyrrhotite. Analyses of sphalerite concentrates give Zn 45.0 to 48.90%, Fe 7.8 to 13.1%, Cu 1.3 to 5.2%, Sn 0.14 to 0.38%, In 0.03 to 0.30%, Cd 0.1 2 to
0.18%,and Mn. 0.06 to 0.08%. Other minerals in the deposit are: rutile, wolfrarnite, scheelite, hematite, chalcocite, tennantite, covellite, galena, molybdenite, bismuthinite; wittichenite, a\rsenopyrite, glaucoclot, pyrite, marcasite, pyrrhotite, native bismuth, native gold, quartz,
feldspar, topaz, zircon, siderite, calcite, fluorite, biotite, sericite, chlorite, kaolinite, dickite, hydrornica, goethite, scorodite, arseno-bismite, and malachite. Sphalerite geothermornetry indicates that the depositional temperatures of sphalerite fall between 335°C and 700°C, and
arsenopyrite geothermornetry gives depositional temperatures up to 500 °C.
Pilot plant for low and high pressure fluid catalyst bed reactions
Authors: Mogan J P , Taylor R W , Booth F L
Published: July 2017

The construction details of a high-pressure fluid-catalyst pilot-plant are described in this report. This versatile unit will be used to study a variety of fluid-bed reaction schemes (cracking, hydrofining,) for the beneficiation of crude oils and bitumens. Of
side-by-side configuration, the plant can operate from 15 to 1500 psi at up to 1200°F. The charge oil rate can be varied from 0. 08 to 1. 75 I mp gph The oil reacts in the presence of a continuously regenerated recirculating catalyst flow of 7 to 25 lb per hour from a 6-lb inventory. An
alternate once- through catalyst system circulates 32 lb of catalyst through the reactor from pressure storag4 vessels. The ancillary equipment--connecting lines, heaters, safety equipment, supports, and insulation--is also described.
The application of electronic sorting to minerals beneficiation
Authors: Wyman R A
Published: July 2017

Developments during the past twenty years have made electronic sorting techniques potentially valuable for solving many mineral beneficiation problems. Pertinent information on the subject is presented, available equipment is described, further development
possibilities are indicated, and examples of separations are given.
Measurement of the surface areas of powders by krypton gas adsorption method. Construction and operation of the apparatus
Authors: Ahmed S M
Published: July 2017

An apparatus has been constructed for studying the adsorption of Kr on finely divided materials of low as well as high specific surface areas, in the tow pressure range, <1 mmHg' at 196 ° C. The apparatus is designed to handle four samples at a
time. The use of a thermistor in measuring the low pressures to a high accuracy is found to offer several advantages over the conventional methods of measuring pressures. The adsorption isotherms have been used to calculate the specific surface areas of powders by the B.E.T. method. The
applicability of the Harkins-Jura equation for the determination of the surface areas has also been investigated.
Determination of cobalt and zinc in nickel metal by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after separation by simultaneous chlor0form extraction of their thiocyanate- diantipyrylmethane complexes
Authors: Donaldson E M , Rolko V H E
Published: July 2017

An atomic-absorption spectrophotometric method for determining cobalt and zinc in the range 0.0005 to 0.10% in nickel metal is described. After sample dissolution, cobalt and zinc are separated from the matrix element by simultaneous chloroform extraction of
their thiocyanatediantipyrylmethane ion-association complexes from a citric acid medium at pH 3.25. Interference from copper and various elements (i.e. titanium, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, etc.) is eliminated with thiourea and ammonium fluoride, respectively. Cadmium, iron and chromium also
interfere under the chosen experimental conditions, but the amounts of these impurities present in nickel metal are so low that their interference effects are negligible. Other impurities do not interfere in the proposed method.
The effect of single element additions to AISI type 430 stainless steel in dip-and-dry corrosion tests
Authors: Weld H M
Published: July 2017

The corrosion properties of a series of eight stainless steel alloys were determined in a "Dip-and-Dry Corrosion Test". This cyclic type of test has been frequently used to test stainless steel alloys for automobile trim and it has shown some correlation with
actual field test results. Each alloy series tested was made from a basic AISI Type 430 ferritic stainless steel but modified by a number of small additions of one of the following elements: Mo, V, W, Ta, Si, Re, Pd, or Ge. The final composition never exceeded 3.11% of addition element. The
corrosion resistance of AISI Type 430 stainless steel containing 1.5% and 3.1% Mo showed a marked superiority, both in appearance and in weight loss, compared to the base alloy. An alloy containing 1.8% Re also has superior corrosion resistance in this test. Small additions of tantalum,
silicon or germanium, to AISI Type 430, all improved corrosion resistance with increased alloy content. Tungsten produced a slight improvement in corrosion resistance and appearance. Vanadium or palladium additions did not improve these corrosion properties of their alloys, and showed no consistent
trend with increasing alloy addition.
The effect of agitation in the cyanidation of gold ores
Authors: Lucas B H , Gow W A
Published: July 2017

The effect of agitation on the leaching rate of gold from ore of the Lamaque Mining Company Limited was investigated. Leaching-solution velocities, relative to the ore particles, of from 25 to 150 cm per minute were studied by passing the solution at various flow
rates through a static bed of the ground ore. The lowest velocity investigated was that occurring in an air-lift agitator. Along with the static-bed tests, other tests were made in which the slurry was stirred vigorously with a high-speed stirrer. These stirred tests were done to simulate high-speed
agitation and were presumed to result in much higher velocities of solution relative to the ore than those used in the static-bed tests. It was concluded that the rate of cyanide leaching of gold from this ore was independent of the solution velocity relative to the ore particles in the range of
velocities studied. The practical significance of this is that the gold leaching rate from ore similar to that used in this work would be independent of the type of reactor used for leaching.
The floatability of twenty-one non-metallic minerals
Authors: Wyman R A
Published: July 2017

The floatabilities of twenty-one non-metallic minerals as affected by pH regulators, collectors and modifiers have been determined. Symbols have been used in presentation of results to afford ease of comparison. The work herein reported extends that contained in
Technical Bulletin TB 70, "The Floatability of Eleven Common Non-Metallic Minerals" (April 1965). Ten additional minerals are included and fourteen additional collectors. This project is intended to assist those working on the floatation I I of non-metallic minerals.
A plasma furnace for ashing micro-samples of particulate matter
Authors: Boyd W K , Jeffrey R K
Published: July 2017

This report describes a low-temperature, radio-frequency (R-F) ashing technique used in the preparation and concentration of combustible samples prior to chemical analysis and microscopic examination. Samples are placed in a plasma reactor through which oxygen is
passed. The R-F field within the reactor converts the molecular oxygen into an active species, i.e. atomic oxygen. Low-temperature oxidation results with the consequent removal of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen as volatile oxides, and the retention of most metallic ions. This technique has been
successfully used for the past year to effectively destroy organic matrix in combustible samples without excessive loss of mineral content and to improve analyses based on atomic absorption, emission spectroscopy and conventional 'wet' methods
Nickel-copper-cobalt ores SU-1 and UM-1: their characterization and preparation for use as standard reference materials
Authors: Faye G H , Bowman W S , Sutarno R
Published: July 2017

Two nickel-copper-cobalt ores, SU-1 and UM-1, have been prepared and characterized for use as standard reference materials. This report describes the nature and origin of SU-1 and UM-1, and gives information on procedures used for their preparation and for
assessing their homogeneity. Twenty-five laboratories provided analytical results for nickel, copper and cobalt; the recommended values are, respectively: 1.51%, 0.87% and 0.063% for SU-1, and 0.88%, 0.43% and 0.035% for UM-1. The analytical results and the evaluation of
statistical parameters for the three elements are reported for both ores.
Rock anchors in mining a guide for their utilization and installation
Authors: Coates D F , Sage R
Published: July 2017

Rock anchors, j. e., tensioned cables or bars of much higher load capacity than conventional rock bolts, have been used for some time in civil engineering works and in some mining applications. It is expected that their use in mining will become more common. This
report provides a summary of fabrication and installation procedures to guide engineers on mining properties. Selection of anchor types must be related to the mine and to total system costs. Consideration should be given to using high-strength, new steel cables rather than second-hand hoist cable
(the higher load capacity and the dominant drilling and installation costs may be significant). There is much to recommend one grouting for the full length of the anchor, with sleeves or grease to allow tensioning after grouting and mechanical assistance at the anchorage. Certain general rules can
be followed in all installations. Percussion-drilled holes are advantageous owing to their rough surfaces for bonding. The actual lengths of holes should be known, and caving and water zones should be grouted. Deviations from straightness should be less than 3 in. in 20 ft. Although manual
installation usually is used, a mechanical method for the larger anchors would be valuable. During tensioning, a load-deformation record should include the decrease in deformation on release of the jack load. Safety precautions are particularly important when applying large loads. Correcting
undesirable situations can be time-consuming if the experience of others is not available. For example, inability to insert the anchor for the full length of the hole may require deepening the hole, acceptance of the situation, or re-design of the system with a new hole. An unexpected
load-deformation curve obtained during tensioning can arise from a change in the jack calibration, slippage at the anchor, and other less frequent causes. Failure of the grips during tensioning and failure to release afterwards are not uncommon. Monitoring may either confirm that the anchors are
working as expected or indicate the need for additional support. The two most practical measurements are anchor 16ads and rock deformation.
Loads on friction props on a longwall face
Authors: Zorychta H , Merrill G S
Published: July 2017

Based on underground measurements made at the Nova Scotia coal mines of the Dominion Coal Company, Limited, this paper presents a comparison between the physical properties of hardwood packs and steel friction props when used for longwall support. The probable
loads supported by steel friction props on a longwall face at both the Dominion No. 20 Colliery and the Princess Colliery are delineated, and the results of the tests are presented in graphical form. It is concluded that the steel friction props are more efficient than the hardwood packs that they
replaced as roof supports.
Plate-load testing on rock for deformation and strength properties
Authors: Coates D F , Gyenge M
Published: July 2017

Plate-load tests were conducted underground on rock to determine in situ strength and deformation properties. The plate-load test provides information on the rock mass properties as opposed to the strength of the rock substance. When a plate is placed on the
surface of the material to be tested and the contact pressure increased, the plate deflects as the material deforms, and shear failure of the material ultimately occurs. Tests were conducted on three different materials: iron ore, paint rock, and ash rock. The results were compared, in some cases,
with the results of laboratory testing and, in other cases, with the results of analyzing failures of the rock mass. Moderately good agreement was obtained between these independent methods of determining the material properties. However, the principal aspect that emerges is the dispersion of
strength values that must be expected in testing geological materials. Suggested specifications are given for plate-load testing, conventional uniaxial compression testing, and classification uniaxial compression testing.
The grain-size dependence of the electromechanical properties in lead zirconate titanate ceramics
Authors: Webster A H , Weston T B
Published: July 2017

The dependence of the electromechanical properties of unmodified lead zirconate-titanate ceramics on the grain size of the ceramic has been determined for materials with compositions on both sides of the rhombohedral/ tetragonal boundary. High-density ceramics
with average grain diameters from about 1.5 ?m to 8 ?m were examined. It was found that the dielectric constant before poling, and the dielectric and mechanical losses all decreased with increasing grain size. The coercive field was found to be largely independent of grain size in the range
examined.
Some field experience in the use of an accelerated method of estimating 28-day strength of concrete AND Some field experience in the use of an accelerated method of estimating 28-day strength of concrete
Authors: Malhotra V M , Zoldners N G , Malhotra V M
Published: July 2017

Statistically analyzes field strength data supplied by various organizations using the accelerated method of estimating 28-day strength of concrete. Briefly, the accelerated method consists of initial standard moist-curing of test specimens for 24 hr, followed by
boiling for 3 1/2 hr, and testing in compression 1 hr later. The analyses of the test data indicate that the accelerated test method under discussion is an excellent means for rapid strength determination of concrete, and its use by the concrete industry is recommended.
Communication methods in underground mines
Authors: Tervo R O , Everell M D
Published: July 2017

As a result of interest expressed by the Mining Association of Canada, the following review of communication methods used in underground mines has been written. This is the first of a two-part article.
Environmental restraints on energy conversion
Authors: Mitchell E R
Published: July 2017

The physical magnitude of the Canadian air, land and water environments together with their natural scavenging mechanisms can assimilate more pollution than is produced in energy conversion. Nonetheless, concentrations of pollution at single sources and the
proliferation of sources exceeds the capacity of the environment in some specific, but widely separated, areas. Thus, if our environments are to be given a reasonable opportunity to assimilate pollution, there is no choice but to ensure that stack emissions are minimized and, having done that, to
make full use of the dispersion capacity of air sheds. However, neither fuel highgrading, i.e. the use of premium fuels as an expedient for the moment, nor pollution controls that waste energy are viable long-term solutions for protecting the environment. The effect of winter conditions on
scavenging mechanisms is described, adding emphasis to the need for proper plume dispersion. Otherwise, pollution may concentrate in snow only to run off in the spring to the water environment. The limited dispersion capacity of the sub-arctic and arctic air sheds, under winter conditions, is
mentioned, but the obstacle to energy conversion may not be too serious in large areas where bogs and wet lands are strongly acidic. However, lichens of the arctic tundra could be easily destroyed by sulphur dioxide emitted from heat processes so that the risk to the delicate arctic ecosystem seems
grave unless special precautions are taken to continue using non-polluting fuels and to avoid ground-level fumigation. Heat pollution and the possibility of large-scale nuclear power generation in the foreseeable future are also discussed.
Directory and bibliography of high temperature condensed states research in Canada and elsewhere, January to March, 1960
Authors: Bright N F H
Published: July 2017

This is the second quarterly bulletin of information on high temperature work. It contains a bibliography of work on high temperature condensed states published in Canadian journals during the period January to March, 1960. Also included are directories of
laboratories in the United States and certain Scandinavian countries where work in this field is being prosecuted, together with the names of the people involved and the particular areas of their endeavour.
Fluorspar
Authors: Bartley C M
Published: July 2017

Fluorspar, a non-metallic mineral hitherto used largely as a flux, has become the basic source material for an active and growing chemical industry producing chemicals and materials with unique characteristics of great value to industry. These materials are
finding such large-scale, diverse and essential applications that marked increases in demand are foreseen. Such demands will be difficult or impossible to satisfy from known fluorspar resources. Present trends in production, consumption and trade indicate that shortages may be expected, particularly
in the highly industrialized countries where consumption is currently large and growing rapidly. For these reasons known fluorspar resource should be evaluated and their development encouraged. Efforts should be made to find new deposits and to develop methods of recovering fluorine from other ores
in which it may be present. This Information Circular provides data on the properties and uses of fluorspar, on the world production and consumption trends, and on Canadian deposits and occurrences.
Bibliography of high-temperature condensed states research in Canada, October to December, 1961
Authors: Bright N F H
Published: July 2017

This report contains bibliographic information concerning research work on high temperature condensed states published in Canadian journals during the period October to December, 1961. Bibliographic data for France, Belgium, .Austria, Germany, Great Britain, the
Netherlands, Australia, Scandinavia, the U.S.A. and the -U.S.S.R. for the same period are given in a document, prepared at the National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C., which is supplied with this report to regular recipients, and which can be obtained directly from Washington by other
interested parties.
A survey of niobium alloys and their strengthening mechanisms
Authors: Briggs D C
Published: July 2017

Data are listed on the composition, tensile properties, stress-rupture strengths and recrystallization temperatures of niobium and current niobium alloys. Strengthening mechanisms are reviewed with attention to the possibility of improving the high-temperature
mechanical properties of niobium and niobium-base alloys. Areas of investigation are indicated in which increased knowledge would greatly aid niobium alloy development. Present efforts in niobium alloy development are directed toward achievement of good fabrication response and high
elevated-temperature strength. Coatings are being developed to provide the necessary oxidation protection. Solid solution strengthening and dispersion strengthening are the principal strengthening mechanisms operative in current alloys. Tungsten, molybdenum and vanadium are the main
solution-strengthening elements, while zircouium is the chief dispersion-strengthening agent. Dispersion strengthening is considered to have high potential for future alloy development.
Report on the Cambridge international summer school for quantitative methods in reflected-light microscopy
Authors: Nickel E H
Published: July 2017

The International Summer School for Quantitative Methods in Reflected-light Microscopy was held at Cambridge, England, from June 23 to July 2, 1963. This report summarizes the lectures and laboratory sessions given in the following courses: preparation of
polished sections, the reflecting microscope, reflectivity of ore minerals, micro-indentation hard- , ness, rotation properties in reflected light, electron-probe micro-analysis, systematic mineral identification based on hardness and reflectivity, and ore mineral textures.
Bibliography of high-temperature condensed states research published in Canada, April-June, 1966
Authors: Bright N F H
Published: July 2017

This report contains bibliographic information concerning research work on high-temperature condensed states published in Canadian journals from April 1 to June' 30, 1966.
Bibliography of high-temperature condensed states research published in Canada, January-March, 1967
Authors: Bright N F H
Published: July 2017

This report contains bibliographic information concerning research work on high-temperature condensed states published in Canadian journals from January 1 to March 31, 1967.
Transport of solids in pipelines, with special reference to mineral ores, concentrates, and unconsolidated deposits (a literature survey)
Authors: Job A L
Published: July 2017

Pipelines offer significant possibilities for improved transport in the less developed areas of the world. The advantages and disadvantages of transport by pipeline are considered and comparisons made with rail transport. The application of transport by pipeline
to the following industries is briefly reviewed: crude oil and natural gas, coal, mineral ores, industrial minerals, and wood pulp. Sand fill in mines, vertical hydraulic transport in mines, and dredging operations requiring the use of long pipelines, are reviewed. The economics of various lines are
reviewed and costs are given for transport of coal, rock phosphates and gilsonite. Transport by pipeline is used extensively in the Florida phosphate fields, and practice in that area is also reviewed. Vertical transport, as applied to mineral ores and coal, is examined in some detail and feeders
are described. Large-scale dredging operations are further described. Pipeline wear, deflocculants, friction-reducing agents, and rifled pipes are mentioned. Centres for research in hydraulics and pipelining are listed and the work of the Alberta Research Council is described. Tables include a list
of mines using vertical transport and a list of pipelines transporting solids in various parts of the world, over 2 miles in length, The technical terms commonly used in the literature dealing with hydraulic transport are defined. A bibliography of 383 references is
included.
Analyses and characteristics of oil samples from Saskatchewan
Authors: Charbonnier R P , Draper R G , Harper W H , Yates A
Published: July 2017

The 83 oil analyses gathered in this publication have been performed in the Fuels Research Laboratories of the Mines Branch in Ottawa, according to the U. S. B. M Routine Method of Distillation. Some reservoir characteristics are also
included.
Bibliography of high-temperature condensed states research published in Canada, October-December, 1969
Authors: Bright N F H
Published: July 2017

This report contains bibliographic information concerning research work on high-temperature condensed states published in Canadian journals from October 1 to December 31, 1969.
The hydrogen sulphide route to sulphur recovery from base metal sulphides part i: the generation of h2 s from base metal sulphides
Authors: Parsons H W , Ingraham T R
Published: July 2017

Papers and patents published in the past sixty years have been selectively reviewed as part of a project for determining the feasibility of recovering hydrogen sulphide from base metal sulphides. The most promising reactions involve pyrrhotite and a warm aqueous
solution of hydrochloric acid. Simultaneous separate reviews have been made of means for converting hydrogen sulphide to elemental sulphur and of recovering an iron product from the ferrous chloride solutions.
Canadian minerals for refractories
Authors: Palfreyman M
Published: July 2017

Most of the minerals employed in Canadian refractory production are imported, in fact most of the refractories consumed in Canada are imported. Whereas this situation is partly due to a definite shortage of suitable raw materials, e.g., fireclays, it is possible
that the potential of certain mineral deposits which could be usefully exploited has not been recognized. There are exceptions, notably magnesite and dolomite, from which refractories are produced in Canada. In many cases, known mineral deposits are located in either inaccessible areas or in areas
where transportation would be a major economic factor. This paper lists some minerals and their respective known deposits which could be employed in the production of refractories irrespective of economics.
Surface mining practice in Canada
Authors: Dubnie A
Published: July 2017

Examination of the practices in 52 Canadian surface mines shows a marked similarity in equipment, procedures, and productivity. The unit operations of planning, stripping, breaking, and haulage are analyzed. The high degree of mechanization in the surface mines
is conducive to a labour productivity which is several times that for underground mining. As replacements occur, the established trend towards larger equipment tends to reduce surface mining costs. As a result, the increased use of surface mining methods in the recovery of minerals appears
assured.
Fonçage mécanique de tunnels et de montées
Authors: Everell M D , Dubnie A
Published: July 2017

Lateral or inclined tunnels may be driven by conventional methods that involve drilling and blasting or by means of boring machines. Within the mineral industry, most lateral driving is done conventionally whereas within the civil engineering field, an increasing
number of tunnels are driven by mechanical devices. Inclined tunnels (raises) are, to an increasing extent, driven with raise boring machines which are gradually becoming more competitive as compared with conventional methods. Machines for lateral tunnel driving generally operate by exerting a high
thrust against rotary or disc cutters which are brought to bear against the rock face as the head of the machine rotates. Performance on machine driving is rapidly gaining on conventional methods but some problems such as high cutter wear and machine inflexibility must be overcome. Thus far, lateral
tunnels have been economically driven in rock with a compressive strength of 25,000 lb/in2. Raises are usually bored by first completing a pilot hole then reaming to full size which may be 5 to 7 ft. in diameter. In rocks of up to 35,000 lb/in2 compressive strength which have been successfully
bored, conventional methods of driving would probably show more favourable costs. However, the superiority of bored raises for many purposes continues to favourably affect the spread of the technique. The superior types of openings which result from boring machines and the efforts being expended on
improvements, including steps towards automation, will probably further increase the applications for the new technology.
Index of commercial flocculants - 1974
Authors: Hamza H A , Picard J L
Published: July 2017

The primary aim of this Index is to assist the worker in selecting a broad range of flocculants for laboratory evaluations as to optimize solid-liquid separation applications: by applying the principle of pre-screening, the number of bench tests required to cover
the range can be reduced to a minimum. Information contained in the tables was acquired from the manufacturers, directly and through technical bulletins, and was supplemented by additional data as reported in the literature or obtained from bench-scale evaluation tests carried out in the Western
Research Laboratory. It is anticipated that a survey of new developments in the industry will be maintained and that periodic revisions of the Index will be issued.
A review of partial agglomeration of coke oven charges
Authors: Price J
Published: July 2017

The partial agglomeration of conventional coke oven charges has gained increased attention recently in several industrialized countries because studies have shown that this method can improve coke quality and extend the normal range of coals used in coke oven
charges to include less expensive non-coking coals. This report surveys investigations made in several countries into the influences on coke quality: of briquette preparation; of methods of mixing briquettes and loose coal; of bulk density as affected by shape, size, and percentage of briquettes in
the coke oven charge. Development of various technologies from several countries are described along with processes that are now used industrially in Japan. Several investigations are suggested for Coal Resource and Processing Laboratory (CRPL) using blends made with non-coking Canadian coals to
determine how partial briquetting of coke oven charges may alter coke quality.
The gvalue: application to western Canadian coals
Authors: Gransden J F , Peirce T J , Price J T
Published: July 2017

The G-value is an index of the caking power of a coal used extensively in Germany as an aid in the blending of coals for cokemaking. In this report the G-values of western Canadian coals are examined to determine whether this method of predicting coke quality is
applicable.
The effects of sample preparation and storage on the thermal rheological properties of coking coals
Authors: Ciavaglia L I , Botham J C , Nandi B N
Published: July 2017

The thermal rheological properties of coals of Canadian and foreign origin were studied under various conditions of preparation and storage. Coals were stored in air at ambient temperatures for periods of up to 25 weeks. Each individual coal showed approximately
a constant decrease in fluidity, dilatation and Free Swelling Index as a function of storage time, for three particle sizes investigated. The effects of storage on the rheological properties varied appreciably for the different coals tested. Various coals were stored in argon, nitrogen, carbon
dioxide and water for prolonged periods of time. Samples which were stored in water showed slightly enhanced stability relative to those stored in the other three media. In addition, some samples were stored in refrigerated air (4 - 5 °C) and these were found to exhibit by far the greatest
resistance to oxidation.
Modification of electrostatic precipitator performance by use of fly-ash conditioning agents
Authors: Brown T D , Lee G K , Sekhar N
Published: July 2017

Pilot-scale (75 kg/h) combustion trials using a pulverized western Canadian coal of low sulphur content have shown that fly-ash resistivity can be significantly modified by use of SO3, H2SO4, NH2S02H, NH3, (NH4) 2 SO4, (C2H5) 3N and Na2SO4 as fly-ash conditioning
agents. These conditioning agents were added as solutions to the combustion products and also, in some instances, as solids in the coal feed to the pulverizer. The measured fly-ash resistivity was found to decrease exponentially from its base level of 5 x 10 11 ohm-cm to a limiting value as the
concentration of the conditioning agent increased. Optimum electrostatic precipitator efficiency always occurred at a resistivity of 5 x 10 9 ohm-cm. Reduced resistivity, however, was not always synonymous with improved precipitator performance.