bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACTIVE TOURISM IN IVANO-FRANKIVSK REGION
Authors: PANKIV Nataliya , KACHALUBA Christina ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: April 2022

The article analyzes the trends in the development of active tourism in Ivano-Frankivsk region and found that in recent years there have been positive trends in their development, in particular: there are specialized tour operators offering active recreation, opening new facilities for active recreation, with there are points of hire and service of tourist equipment, the specialized base of accommodation expands. It was found that Ivano-Frankivsk region has significant advantages for the development of active tourism, as there is a significant tourist and recreational potential. Ivano-Frankivsk region is one of the few places in Ukraine suitable for the development of winter recreation. The most popular are such ski areas as Polyanytsya, Yablunytsia, Vorokhta of Yaremche City Council, Kosiv and other villages. Verkhovyna, village Vyshkiv, Dolyna district. Numerous ecological trails and ecological-cognitive tourist routes laid on the territory of the objects of the nature reserve fund of Ivano-Frankivsk region should become the basic component of the development of active tourism. The development of various forms of active tourism, in particular, hiking, horseback riding and cycling, climbing, caving, steaming and Zipline (extreme descents on special equipment), contributes to the presence of mountain Carpathian parks. The most resources for the development of water tourism are in the Carpathian and Vyzhnytsia national parks. It was found that this type of tourism is to recover, regain strength, improve medical and physiological data by changing the forms of activity, dosed movement, nutrition, nervous relief, increase adaptation to unusual conditions, and does not require significant funding due to which actively developing. Thus, the demand for active types of tourism in Ivano-Frankivsk region is growing every year, however, it will be advisable to diversify tourist services and their promotion to encourage more tourists.
RECREATIONAL MARKETING AND ITS UNIQUENESS
Authors:   Khmelnytskyi National University, SUBACHOV MYKOLA
Published: April 2022

When thinking about vacation, everyone imagines it in their own way. Some people consider active recreation the best, while others consider it passive. Fortunately, marketing in the field of recreation is expanding every day due to human imagination and everyone has at least a few options for leisure. It all depends on the desire. To date, there is not much research in this area, so let’s focus on the concept of recreational marketing. This leisure industry provides experience, pleasure, relaxation and even better health. The article analyzes the main definition of recreation marketing and its components that make it unique in terms of the modern day. Marketing research in the area of recreation is particularly relevant, and it is based on a number of new services, brands and products aimed at improving the quality of human life. Summarizing the above, leisure marketing is a truly unique industry. Using certain templates, monitoring software is very important for recreational marketers. Finding the best way and place to relax is done through social media. It is there that consumers have more opportunities to choose the right brand, product or service among thousands of recreational brands. They also have greater access to their services and can interact with brands through companies’ social media platforms.
PROBLEM ISSUES OF ACCOUNTING OF NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: TROSTIANSKA Karyna , KRYZHANOVSKA Olga ,   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the study of problematic issues of accounting of non-profit organizations. The role of the non-profit sector in the socio-economic life of society was determined and the peculiarities of accounting of such organizations were considered. As the non-profit sector plays an important role in the socio-economic life of society, provides an increase in living standards, sustainable development of the country. In the conditions of modern transformations, the society needs the existence of organizations, different from the subjects of entrepreneurial activity, which will solve social problems at a qualitatively new level. Accordingly, non-profit organizations that have a positive economic and social impact on the development of a market-oriented and democratic society in the world’s leading countries must function properly in the national economy. Accounting is the basis of effective management of a non-profit organization in modern conditions. That is why the study of the features and procedures of accounting for their activities is extremely relevant, given the importance of their contribution to the socio-economic development of the state. The latest recommendations of regulations, tax authorities and industry specialists are analyzed and our own view on the specifics of accounting by non-profit organizations is given. It was found that the methodology of accounting of non-profit organizations is one of the most acute problems of accounting reform. The main problems are related to the accounting of targeted funding and their use, accounting for inventories, fixed assets and their depreciation. To address such issues, it is proposed to make a number of changes and additions to the existing accounting methodology, which will achieve a reliable display of accounting information for effective management decisions.
ASSESSMENT OF THE TAX POTENTIAL OF UNITED TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES
Authors: SHAPOVAL Galina , CHEKH Nataliya ,   О.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv
Published: April 2022

Local finances play an important role in society, as they are an objective form of economic relations at the level of administrative-territorial units and at the same time the main tool for implementing the policy of socio-economic development of regions. In the context of decentralization, local finances have been modified – there is a specific area of financial relations – the finances of the united territorial communities (OTG). The separation of OTG finances as an important area of Ukraine’s financial system as part of local finances, which, accordingly, is a structural element of public finances together with public ones, is expedient and scientifically substantiated, as they are characterized by differences in financial relations between OTG and other sub- objects of the financial system, the peculiarities of cash flows, as well as the presence of organizational and legal components of functioning. OTG finances influence the socio-economic development of a certain territorial unit and ensure the well-being of the members of this community. However, at this stage of development of the formation and development of OTG face the problem of insufficient funding, which requires a solution and finding ways to attract additional funding, one of which may be an increase in tax revenues. The purpose of this article is to study the tax potential of UTC based on the study of financial revenues to UTC budgets, the reasons for the lack of funding and development of recommendations for increasing revenues to UTC budgets by increasing tax payments. The paper analyzes the main sources of UTC budgets, identifies the reasons for possible underfunding of UTC funding due to unused opportunities to receive tax revenues and develops recommendations for increasing revenues to UTC budgets due to increased tax payments. As a result of decentralization and changes in budget and tax legislation, UTC local governments have received additional financial resources and opportunities to increase tax revenues and develop sources of tax revenues in local council budgets. In order to identify certain trends and patterns of development of the tax system at the level of territorial communities, it is advisable to calculate the integrated index of tax adequacy of UTC budgets. Based on the results of calculations, it is necessary to draw conclusions and select opportunities for potential growth of tax revenues to UTC budgets. It is determined that an important direction of increasing UTC tax revenues is the growth of revenues from land fees. To ensure revenue growth under this UTC budget item, it is necessary to increase the efficiency of land use by setting higher tax rates for the use of land that has greater potential for efficient use, ensuring the availability of title documents for land users and the proper formation of land, respectively. to the current legislation.
FORMATION OF ACCOUNTING POLICY FOR INVENTORIES AT RESTAURANT ENTERPRISES
Authors:   Leonid Yuzkov Khmelnytskyi University of Management and Law, BULAT Galina , GUMENYUK Antonina ,   Khmelnytskyi National University
Published: April 2022

According to the results of expert analyzes, the total number of restaurant enterprises has increased by 30–40 % over the last three years. This positive trend suggests that the number of restaurants will continue to grow in various segments. Most experts researching the industry argue that most restaurants can be classified into one of two categories: full-service and specialty. Regardless of the classification group to which the restaurant belongs, its economic activity can be divided into the following operating cycles: the implementation of logistics operations for the purchase of goods (raw materials) to ensure the continuous operation of the institution; ensuring the preservation of inventories in the warehouse and the organization of warehouse accounting; transfer of products and goods to the kitchen and the process of production of finished products and dishes; transfer of own products and goods to the bar or dining room in order to sell finished products and purchased goods to consumers. Therefore, the state of inventories, the peculiarities of their formation and use is a determining factor in ensuring the competitiveness of restaurant enterprises. Because, it is inventories that make up most of the current assets of such enterprises. At the same time, the reflection of inventory transactions in accounting allows you to make inventory management more efficient. In turn, the process of analysis allows to systematize information on the movement of inventories so that it is more clear and useful to managers at different levels. Consequently, a successful combination of accounting and analysis of commodity transactions, thus the formation of effective accounting and analytical support will be the basis of correct and economically sound purchasing policy of the restaurant business.
NEGATIVE TRENDS OF DIGITAL MARKETING IN THE CONTEXT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
Authors: HOLOVACH MAKSIM , BILOVODSKA Olena ,   Kyiv National University of Technology and Design
Published: April 2022

This article examines the negative aspects of digital marketing on the example of some consequences of the application and development of digital technologies in recent years. The main attention is paid to the socio-cultural component. The concept of digital marketing primarily extends to the Internet, and certainly has an impact on it. The consequences of this impact can be both positive and negative, and some of them may not appear immediately, but over time, having a gradual and cumulative nature. Today, digital marketing is no longer an innovation. This type of marketing is becoming usual and commonplace. Marketers, manufacturers and consumers are already accustomed to its positive aspects, but not everyone pays attention to its negative trends. Recognizing such trends and avoiding them is a matter of corporate social responsibility. The websites and apps have successfully invaded the traditional territory of many sectors of the “old economy”. The main negative trends of digital marketing are related to implicit cultural consequences, the transparency illusion and the illusion of control. Marketing problems of a global society are not limited to purely tactical areas, for instance, techniques for maximizing conversions, or promoting a specific product, brand or company. The systematic ignorance of the obvious effects of activity leads to the accumulation of problems, which may threaten the emergence of a crisis in a strategic perspective. If the social responsibility of marketing under certain conditions can hardly be called a competitive advantage in the context of an enterprise’s competitiveness, then in a broader, civilizational view, it is certainly an advantage.
Advancing Women’s Empowerment in the Workplace: A Study of a Company in the Polymer Industry in South Africa
Authors: Isaacs D.M. , Strydom Kariena , Mbukanma I.
Published: April 2022

Abstract Previous scholars have emphasised gender inequalities in management and decision-making in a variety of companies. This study aimed to identify and analyse characteristics that may promote women's empowerment and minimise gender inequality in the workplace. A quantitative research method was adopted with strict adherence to deductive design, and a questionnaire was used to collect data from 111 female employees at a company in the polymer industry in South Africa. An inferential statistical method was employed, using regression analysis to test and ascertain the significance of the relationship between five independent variables (information and communication resources; rewards and incentives; autonomy; skills and knowledge; and self-esteem) and the dependent variable, which measures women’s empowerment. The findings revealed a strong, positive significant relationship between the variables. Improving these five independent variables positively predicts an improved pattern of women’s empowerment in the workplace. It is recommended that stakeholders incorporate these independent variables into their human capital management structures to empower women.
Unequal Remunerations in the South African Private Sector
Authors: Dennis Matotoka Motlhatlego , Olusola Odeku Kolawole
Published: April 2022

Abstract South Africa has passed various laws such as the Employment Equity Act 55 of 1998 to address discriminatory practices in the workplace. These discriminatory practices include the unequal pay between males and females performing work of equal value. Payment of unequal remunerations is prevalent in the South African private sector, and it is exacerbated by the preferential treatment enjoyed by white employees compared to employees in other race groups. White groups and black males dominate higher positions in the private sector and their remunerations are often higher than those of black female employees in similar positions. This is so because the private sector engages in the gender wage gap to the detriment of suitably black South African females who are both underrepresented at managerial levels and paid less than their male counterparts. This paper examined various transformative remuneration interventions and their effectiveness in ensuring remuneration equality regardless of gender. The paper examined those practical challenges that further hinder the achievement of income equalities in the private sector. The paper asserted that there should be consequences such as termination of State contracts for companies that deliberately engage in the payment of unequal remunerations between male and female employees. This paper adopted a qualitative research methodology. The data for this paper were sourced from the desk research, Acts, court decisions and international conventions dealing with income inequalities in South Africa. The paper concluded that companies need to strategise, track and measure income disparities and address the gender wage gap to promote equity and fairness in the workplace.
Challenges Facing Women’s Community Vegetable Gardening in the Echobeni area of KwaZulu Natal Province, South Africa
Authors: Precious Nzama Nqobile , Ntini Edmore
Published: April 2022

Abstract This paper presented the results of a qualitative study on challenges to community gardens as a livelihood strategy in a rural community. The paper aimed to generate knowledge on the manifestations of the challenges and what could be done to minimise them. Its objective was to describe the challenges to community gardens. The paper used a qualitative case study of community vegetable gardens in the Echobeni area situated on the south coast of the province of KwaZulu-Natal. Interviewing method was used. Five purposefully sampled participants from a population of 20 women engaged in vegetable gardening in the Echobeni area were interviewed. The study identified seven challenges, namely: lack of institutional support and leadership support; vandalism; pests; lack of knowledge and marketing; land tenure; inadequate water supply; and lack of motivation. The study recommended the need for capacity building, the adoption of a sustainable livelihoods’ framework, the promotion of institutional linkages, security of land tenure, and encouraging the participation of the rural youth.
Sexual Harassment of Female Students in selected South African Universities
Authors: Alvira Hendricks Eleanor
Published: April 2022

Abstract Universities are institutions focussing on developing knowledge acquisition, acquiring discipline-specific skills, and where mentoring of students transpire, facilitating students in pursuing careers of their choice. Therefore, universities should be nonviolent environments where students use their scholarships to their full potential. In recent years, universities have become environments of distress for female students, with escalating reports of violence against them so extensive that it has become petrifying. This study aimed to explore reasons for increasing sexual harassment towards female students in three South African Universities. A qualitative approach and a case study research design were used in conducting this study. Thirty female students (10 from each of the three selected universities) and three staff (2 counsellors and 1 Dean of students from the selected universities) were purposively sampled to participate in this study to share their experience on sexual harassment. The data obtained through in-depth interviews was analysed thematically and supported by the relevant literature. The findings revealed that amongst the many forms of violence against women, sexual harassment is very common. The study recommended that female students who have been victims of any form of sexual harassment should establish support networks and empower each other in overcoming fear of abuse and assist victims to become survivors.
The comparison of inflammatory markers in geriatric and nongeriatric endometrial cancers
Authors: Vural Fisun , Coşkun Ayşe Deniz Ertürk , Çıtak Göksu , Vural Birol , Köse Gültekin
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND: The inflammatory markers are associated with adverse clinical outcomes in endometrial cancers (EC), but hematopoietic aging may affect the results. OBJECTIVE: To compare inflammatory markers in geriatric and nongeriatric EC. METHODS: This study included 342 women with endometrial cancers (n: 171) and age-matched controls (n: 171). Geriatric (⩾ 65 years old) and nongeriatric women in each group was compared for inflammatory markers, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet distribution width (PDW). RESULTS: Geriatric EC had more common nonendometrioid tumors, myometrial invasion, lymph node metastasis, advanced stage, and low overall survival (OS). Nongeriatric EC had low MPV, high NLR, and PDW compared to nongeriatric control. Geriatric EC had low MPV, lymphocyte, and high NLR, PLR compared to geriatric control (p< 0.05). Geriatric EC had significantly low PDW and high NLR, PLR compared to nongeriatric EC in early stages, not in advanced stages. Lymphocyte count was significantly low in geriatric EC with all stages (p< 0.05). In nongeriatric EC, stage was related to platelet count (r: 0.341, p: 0.0019), and PLR (r: 0.252, p: 0.01). OS was negatively related to PLR (r: -0.267, p: 0.007) and NLR (r: -0.353, p: 0.000). In geriatric EC, myometrium invasion was negatively related to lymphocyte count (r: -0.268, p: 0.035). OS was related to neutrophil count (p: 0.352, p: 0.01). MPV was negatively related to stage (r: -0.335, p: 0.01) and OS (r: -0.337, p: 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: The inflammatory responses of geriatric and nongeriatric EC were different in the early and advanced stages. Geriatric EC had low PDW and high NLR, PLR compared to nongeriatric EC in early stages. Decreased lymphocyte count was the most prominent feature of geriatric EC in the early and advanced stages. These results suggested that decreased lymphocyte count may reflect an aggressive course of disease in the elderlies. Future inflammation studies may direct anticancer treatment strategies in geriatric EC. Further research on inflammaging and geriatric EC is needed to increase our understanding of aging and carcinogenesis.
The (indirect) effect of social media consumption on political distrust in Egypt
Authors: Masoudnia Hossein , Ghorbani Maryam , Stockemer Daniel
Published: April 2022

This article contributes to the debate on the effect of social media usage on political attitudes. Our research question is: Does the use of social media affect citizens’ political trust? We test this research question using Egypt’s Arab Barometer Wave V country data (2018–2019). We expect social media usage to increase political distrust among citizens through the three mediating variables: corruption perceptions, perceptions of poor government performance, and perceptions of missing guaranteed freedoms. Our quantitative study results confirm these mediating relationships; that is, social media usage significantly increases political distrust among Egyptian citizens by increasing corruption perceptions, perceptions of poor government performance, and perceptions of a lack of guaranteed freedoms.
APOE4 and Confluent White Matter Hyperintensities Have a Synergistic Effect on Episodic Memory Impairment in Prodromal Dementia
Authors: Kumar Dilip , Yatawara Chathuri , Wang Brian , Wong Benjamin , Tan Yi Jayne , Zailan Fatin Zahra , Ng Kok Pin , Kandiah Nagaendran
Published: April 2022

Background: White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are a known risk factor for cognitive decline. While the ɛ4 allele of apolipoprotein E gene (APOE4) is another risk factor for cognitive decline, it remains unclear how APOE4 affects the relationship between WMH and cognitive decline, specifically in the prodromal stage of dementia. Objective: To determine how APOE4 moderates the relationship between WMH and cognition in prodromal dementia. Methods: Two-hundred-sixteen participants with prodromal dementia underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), neuropsychological testing (global and domain wise), cardiovascular risk factor assessments, and APOE genotyping. Visual ratings for WMH as well as total and lobar WMH volumes were quantified. Moderation analysis was performed to determine the influence of APOE4 on the relationship between WMH and performance on global and domain-specific cognitive measures. The role of confluent and non-confluent WMH on cognition was additionally studied using logistic regression. Results: APOE4 carriers (n = 49) had poorer memory and higher global WMH (10.01 mL versus 6.23 mL, p = 0.04), temporal WMH (1.17 mL versus 0.58 mL, p = 0.01), and occipital WMH (0.38mL versus 0.22 mL, p = 0.02) compared to APOE4 non-carriers (n = 167). Moderation analysis revealed that APOE4 positivity strengthened the relationship between higher global as well as lobar WMH burden and poorer episodic memory. Furthermore, APOE4 carriers with confluent WMH were 4.81 times more likely to have impaired episodic memory compared to non-confluent WMH and non-APOE carriers. Conclusion: The impact of WMH on memory may be strongest among APOE4 carriers. Clinicians targeting WMH would need to consider the APOE4 allele and WMH severity status to strategize cognitive interventions.
Spinal Muscular Atrophy – Is Newborn Screening Too Late for Children with Two SMN2 Copies?
Authors: Schwartz Oliver , Kölbel Heike , Blaschek Astrid , Gläser Dieter , Burggraf Siegfried , Röschinger Wulf , Schara Ulrike , Müller-Felber Wolfgang , Vill Katharina
Published: April 2022

Background:

Prompt treatment after genetic NBS for SMA substantially improves outcome in infantile SMA. However, deficiency of SMN-protein can cause damage of motor neurons even prior to birth.

Objective:

To describe the neurological status at the time of NBS and the reversibility of neurological deficits in a cohort of patients with only two copies of the SMN2 gene.

Methods:

We present motor, respiratory, and bulbar outcomes of 21 SMA patients identified in newborn screening projects in Germany. Inclusion criteria was initiation of SMN targeted medication at less than 6 weeks of age and a minimum age of 9 months at last examination.

Results:

Twelve patients (57%) developed completely normally, reaching motor milestones in time and having no bulbar or respiratory problems. Three children (14.5%) caught up after initial delay in motor development. Six patients (29%) developed proximal weakness despite early treatment: Three of them (14.5%) achieved the ability to walk with assistance and the other three (14.5%) showed an SMA type 2 phenotype at the age of 16–30 months. One patient (4.8%) had respiratory problems. Three children (14.5%) had mild chewing problems and two individuals (9.5%) needed feeding via gastrotube. Initial CHOP-INTEND values below 30 could be indicative of a less favourable outcome, whereas values above 50 could indicate a good outcome, however in-depth statistic due to the small case number is not predictive.

Conclusion:

More than 70% of SMA patients with two SMN2 copies can achieve independent ambulation with immediate initiation of therapy. However, caregivers and paediatricians must be informed about the possibility of less favourable outcomes when discussing therapeutic strategies.
Assessment of thermal comfort in a hot and humid indoor built environment of a kitchen at a university canteen
Authors: Alam Md Sarfaraz , Sharma Milap , Salve Urmi Ravindra
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND: The hot and humid environment inside the kitchen is a cumulative sign of health impact that deteriorates the well-being and productivity of cooking workers, which could be a barrier to thermal comfort. As the cooking task progresses throughout the day, uncomfortable thermal conditions inside a kitchen work environment may diminish the work quality of the kitchen workers. OBJECTIVE: The objectives of the study were to evaluate the measured environmental factors of thermal comfort during various cooking periods [morning, day, evening, night] and examine the occupant’s perception votes followed by further investigating the worker’s thermal comfort conditions using PMV, PPD, SET, WBGT, and TSI indices. METHODS: The study was carried out inside the kitchen of the university canteen at IIT Guwahati, India. The objective and subjective measurements were accomplished during the summer season, while CBE thermal comfort software was employed for calculating the thermal comfort indices like PMV, PPD, and SET. RESULTS: The results of this study revealed that during entire cooking time, the recorded environmental factors of thermal comfort were found outside the recommended limits as per ASHRAE-55 standard, which indicates very hot prevalent conditions. Also, cook’s perception vote (TSV, TCV) for the existing environment did not follow the central three categories of votes (+1, 0, –1), even the cooking workers were also not satisfied with the prevailing environmental conditions, as 88% subjects responded dissatisfaction with the thermal environment. While, estimated values of thermal comfort indices (PMV, PPD, and SET) designated morning time cooking period slightly comfortable than the other cooking periods, but still not accordance with the ASHRAE-2017 standard. The WBGT index designated day cooking period as hazardous, with rest of cooking periods under severe risk level. In contrast, the TSI index indicated entire cooking periods under “slightly warm” thermal sensation. CONCLUSION: The assessment of this study showed that the existing kitchen environment of the university canteen is not conducive for workers. Improper ventilation design may cause the overheating inside the kitchen, which may increase the dissatisfaction rate of the employed workers and also affects the energy savings in the kitchen environment, which helps maintain thermal comfort. Further studies are required to improve the thermal comfort of the kitchen occupants by providing proper design interventions based on heating and cooling air ventilation systems.
Do baseline physical fitness measures predict law enforcement academy graduation?
Authors: Marks Daniel , Merrigan Justin J. , Martin Joel
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND: Law enforcement officers experience high stress levels and perform various physical tasks. Thus, law enforcement academies emphasize physical fitness training and assessment. OBJECTIVE: To examine fitness test-performances and determine which entry-level fitness components best predict likelihood of successful law enforcement academy graduation. METHODS: Recruits (151 males, 42 females) completed initial academy fitness testing: one-repetition maximum bench press, push-ups, sit-ups, pull-ups, sit-and-reach, 1.5-mile run, and work performance test. Chi-square and t-tests were used to examine gender differences. Correlation coefficients assessed relationships, while logistical regression determined the best fitness components for predicting graduation (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Males had greater fitness performances except pull-ups, sit-ups and sit and reach (p < 0.05). Distributions of below average fitness performances were similar between genders with majority of recruits performing below average on all tests. Gender, age, push-ups, and pull-ups explained 18% of the variance in graduation rates (p < 0.05). Males were 4.68 (p < 0.05) times more likely to graduate, but other predictors were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: No single fitness test predicted the likelihood of graduation and majority of performances were below average, suggesting the importance for proficiency across multiple fitness components. Considering lower fitness performances and graduation rates, females may further benefit from training programs prior to academy entrance.
Subjective and objective assessments of mental workload for UAV operations
Authors: Li Kai Way , Lu Yong , Li Nailiang
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have created safety problems for the publics. Assessments of the mental workload for UAV operations are essential to realize the causes of UAV accidents. OBJECTIVE: To test the following hypotheses: i. mission difficulty in UAV operation affects both subjective and objective measures of mental workload; ii. mission difficulty affects number of failures in UAV operation. METHODS: Fourteen male adults participated as UAV operators after attending a UAV training course. They performed four flight missions of different difficulty levels. During their flight missions, their heart rate and inter-beat interval (IBI) were collected. Upon completing each flight mission, the participants gave subjective ratings of mental workload using three commonly adopted assessment tools. The time of flight and number of failures in flight operations were also recorded. RESULTS: The results showed that mission difficulty affected the scores of all three assessment tools significantly. Mission difficulty also affected number of failures and IBI significantly. The scores of the three assessment tools were highly correlated (ρ= 0.7 to 0.83, p < 0.001) with one another. The results of the three subjective ratings were also consistent with that of the IBI data. CONCLUSIONS: High mental workload in UAV operation could lead to poor flight performance.
A systematic review of work-related interventions for breast cancer survivors: Potential contribution of occupational therapists
Authors: Stehle Luna , Hoosain Munira , van Niekerk Lana
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND: A high number of breast cancer survivors need to resume work. Therefore, interventions aimed at effective work-related transitions are important. OBJECTIVE: A systematic review to determine what occupational therapy interventions are effective in work-related transitions of breast cancer survivors. METHODS: Multiple databases were searched for studies on work-related interventions within the scope of occupational therapy. Studies were included if 70% or more study participants were working age (> 18 years) breast cancer survivors, and work-related transition outcome measures were used. RESULTS: The search yielded 2 872 articles, of which 12 met the inclusion criteria. When classified according to the International Classification of Function Framework, quantitative sources focussed on Body Structures and Functions component and Multicomponents (consists of the Body Structures and Functions Component and the Activities Component) showed positive effects on improving the work-related transitions of BC survivors, however, the effects were statistically insignificant and the strength of evidence was moderate. Participants in a qualitative source reported that after they underwent a physical exercise programme their work performance improved. A Multicomponents intervention study showed statistically significant improvements on self-reported work-related outcomes of BC survivors. Low evidence was found for implementing a vocational rehabilitation case management programme targeting the Activities component, which showed positive effects in reducing the sick leave days of BC survivors, but the effects were statistically insignificant. No evidence was found for programmes focussed on restoring the Participation component. CONCLUSION: The evidence included in this systematic review were insufficient to recommend occupational therapy interventions that are effective (showing statistically significant improvements) for work-related transitions of BC cancer survivors.
Nonrelativistic Open String Model – Photon Mass and Lifetime Values
Authors: Bevelacqua Joseph
Published: April 2022

Candidate photon string parameters are investigated using a nonrelativistic open string model with fixed endpoints. String parameters and lifetime values are derived as a function of the photon mass. A wide variation in string parameter and lifetime values is predicted for the various photon mass values utilized in this paper. The photon averaged logarithmic lifetime values exceed 1074 yr for the 10-36 to 10-21 MeV/c2 mass range considered in this paper.
CONSTRUCTION OF ECONOMIC EMPIRICAL FORMULAS BY TABLE DIFFERENCE METHOD
Authors:   West Ukrainian National University, Vozniak Olha , Holubnyk Olha ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
Published: April 2022

The article analyzes the role of mathematical research of economic phenomena and processes. The evolution of scientific research in the field of mathematical economics is considered. It is established that despite the great scientific contribution to the problems of construction and methods of solving economic problems that contain empirical formulas of economic situations, this area requires further research and mathematical description of new economic situations. In the process of studying various issues of science, economics, technology, sociology, pedagogy, it is necessary on the basis of a large amount of research data to identify significant factors that affect the object under study, as well as to establish a form of relationship between different related quantities. When solving such applied problems, there is often a situation when the analytical type of functions, which determines the functional dependence, is unknown, but this function is set tabularly or graphically. The task is to use empirical tables to find the type of function. These formulas are of great practical importance, a well-chosen empirical formula allows not only to approximate the set of experimental data, "smoothing" the value of the value, but also to extrapolate the dependence to other ranges of values. The method of construction of economic empirical formulas by the method of tabular differences is offered. Optimal plans of production processes are constructed with the use of the considered theorems. The method of selected points for determining the parameters of the economic model that describes the production process is proposed. The theorems formulated and proved in the work, on the basis of which empirical functions for economic problems are built, which statistically describe various economic processes, should be used to solve the optimal planning of production processes. The proposed methods of solving logistics problems, ensure the construction of optimal economic plans for production, trade and transport.
BUSINESS MODELS OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY: CONCEPTUAL DISCOURSE
Authors:   West Ukrainian National University, Nahara Maryna
Published: April 2022

Current tasks of harmonization of economic interests with preservation of the natural balance of the ecological system and rational use of nature cause to analyze the advantages of circular business models. It is substantiated that the circular economy is a combined mobile economic system formed on the basis of social, ecological and economic regeneration. The article presents a comparative analysis of linear and circular models of economy. On the basis of general scientific methods of conceptual modeling the features of business model in circular economy are outlined; the classification of circular business models on the basis of ReSOLVE-criteria is offered. It is outlined that the mechanism for building a circular economy is formed by: minimization of materials and resources for production; prolongation of the products life cycle); commercialization of innovation results; replacement of exhaustible resources with renewable sources; use of technological innovations in the process of product reuse; creation of innovative platforms for technology exchange and sharing. The basic circular business models are characterized. “Circular Suppliers” provides the optimization of the use of material, fuel, energy and bioresources, which are the basis of the circular system of production and consumption. “Resources Recovery” helps to minimize the loss of resources and increase the profitability of production. “Product Life Extension” determines the maximum presence of products in economic activity without the involvement of additional primary resources. “Sharing Platforms” is formed on the basis of exchange or sharing the goods or assets. “Product as a Service” helps to increase the intensity of product use. It is substantiated that the main directions of the circular economy are: increasing interest in investment development of environmental risks; growth of “green” companies capitalization; development of consumption ecological culture; rapid growth of the “sharing” sector; implementation of environmental trends in various business spheres. It is determined that circular business models regenerate the relationship between producers and consumers in order to achieve environmentally friendly social and economic growth.
APPROACHES TO PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY RISK MANAGEMENT
Authors:   National University of Pharmacy, Derenska Yana , Bratishko Yuliya ,   National University of Pharmacy, Hladkova Olga ,   National University of Pharmacy
Published: April 2022

The study of approaches to the classification of types of risks revealed a significant range of groups and categories according to which the risks of economic activity of the enterprise are classified. In order to determine the frequency of mention of different groups and types of risks, a content analysis was conducted. According to the results of this analysis, authors concluded that the most common are financial, innovative, industrial, commercial risks. The frequency of mentioning certain types of risks within the information sources in each group was also revealed. According to the results of the content analysis, it was found that among the financial risks, the following risks have the greatest number of mentions: changes in exchange rates; change in interest rates; non-fulfillment of financial obligations to external agents; reduction of profitability; unstable financial condition. The most mentioned types of innovation risks were the risks of introducing new technology and interrupting research funding. The key types of production risks are cost growth; inefficient work of staff; equipment wear. The most mentioned types of commercial risks are the decline in sales due to reduced demand and supply. According to the most significant types of risks, the indicators that characterize them were selected on the example of a pharmaceutical company. The calculated losses from the impact of risks and the probability determined by the expert method are the basis of the developed matrix of risk assessment. The coefficient of variation is used as an indicator of the degree of influence of a particular type of risk on the results of the research enterprise, namely the revenue from sales of the company's products. Multiplying the coefficient of variation for each of the types of risks on the company's sales revenue made it possible to determine the projected losses due to the impact of risks. To form a matrix of risk assessment and risk level, the experience of Bayer Group was used with the appropriate adaptation of the amount of costs to the realities of the studied enterprise. Risk reduction measures are also proposed. The developed recommendations for risk management of the pharmaceutical company's business activities allow to reasonably assessing the level of the most significant types of risks, respond in a timely manner to their potential impact, minimizing the loss of budget, time and resources.
CADRES’ POTENTIAL OF TRADE ENTERPRISES: ESSENCE AND METHODS OF ESTIMATING THE EFFICIENCY OF ITS USE
Authors:   Chernivtsi Trade and Economic Institute Kiev National University of Trade and Economics, Dolha Halyna , Khytrova Olha ,   Chernivtsi Trade and Economic Institute Kiev National University of Trade and Economics
Published: April 2022

The current crisis in doing business requires more trained staff who are able to solve problems, respond quickly to changes in the environment and adapt. However, today insufficient attention is paid to the use of the human factor, improving the quality and creative impact of intellectual and human resources, improving the training and use of skills and abilities of specialists. Thus, the formation and use of human resources is becoming increasingly important as a factor in increasing competitiveness, long-term development of trade enterprises. The article examines the theoretical issues of human resources of trade enterprises: the essence and methods of assessing the effectiveness of its use. The theoretical foundations of the concept of "human resources" are considered. Based on the results of the analysis of publications, it was concluded that there are differences in its interpretation. However, research on human resources does not sufficiently reveal the methodology of its evaluation and does not reflect the relationship between determining the level of human resources and managing its development, which negatively affects the activities of Ukrainian enterprises. As a result, the existing methods of analysis of the level of human resources with the allocation of cost, revenue, comparative approaches and personnel audit. Indicators of various methodological approaches to the diagnosis of human resources of enterprises and methods of assessing the competitiveness of human resources of enterprises are formed. Indicators of personnel policy evaluation are determined. The scheme of the process of diagnostics of the personnel potential of the enterprise is given. An algorithm is proposed and an assessment of the constituent groups of competencies of human resources of trade enterprises (personal, professional, instrumental, interpersonal and systemic) is performed. In addition, the indicators of diagnostics of their human resources are analyzed, as well as a number of reasons that hinder the quality organization and conduct of diagnostics of human resources based on the results of the survey.
DEVELOPMENT OF FINTECH IN UKRAINE AND ITS FORECASTING ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE PAYMENT SERVICES INDUSTRY
Authors:   Vadym Hetman Kyiv National Economic University, Tsyganova Nadiia , Boldyriev Feodosii ,   Deloitte & Touche Limited
Published: April 2022

The article examines the prerequisites for accelerating the development of fintech in Ukraine and in the world. Based on the definition of a fintech company as an organization working in the field of financial technology and using new business process models, it is reasoned that the value it offers to consumers is based on the use of information technology that has emerged during the active spread of the Internet. Ukrainian fintech market analysis demonstrates that there are no global companies in the Ukrainian domestic market. This is the result of its level of development and weak integration of Ukraine into the global financial market, as well as corruption, the uncertainty of the industry status, and relative poverty, which makes our country unprofitable for investment and infrastructure deployment of foreign fintech companies. Particular attention is paid to the market of payment services as a priority area of fintech companies. The structure of the payment services market in terms of the participating companies is described and its competitive parameters are determined. Despite the formal monopoly, in practice the market for services is competitive, industry leaders do not pursue aggressive competition policies. A comparative analysis of the fintech services and banking services markets dynamics in the field of payments is conducted by comparing the financial results of activities. The fintech companies’ gross aggregate profit growth forecast and their main competitor among banks in the field of payments are constructed. Based on optimistic, pessimistic, and realistic options, the time interval of income convergence of leading competitors in the payment services market is determined. The preconditions for changing the competitive situation in the field of payments are determined. The conducted analysis demonstrates that while maintaining the current trends, fintech companies as a generalized force will be able to become a powerful player in the payments market no earlier than 2028. Banks have up to ten years to adapt and adopt new rules of the game. Competition with fintech companies requires significant adjustments to banks' business strategies.