bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sensory preference criteria and willingness to adopt vegetable soybean “Edamame” in Benin (West Africa)
Authors: Ahomondji Symphorien Essèdjlo , Agoyi Eric Etchikinto , Agbangba Codjo Emile , Lokonon Bruno Enagnon , Agbahoungba Symphorien , Assogbadjo Achille Ephrem , Sinsin Brice
Published: November 2022

Edamame has many nutritional and human health benefits and has the potential to overcome malnutrition, a common scourge among West African populations. This study aims to identify sensory preference criteria in order to select edamame varieties that meet the organoleptic needs of potential consumers in Benin. Ten soybean varieties were selected on the basis of their stability, adaptability, and yield performance in Benin. These varieties were evaluated by a hedonic test conducted with 200 untrained panelists, followed by a descriptive sensory evaluation conducted with 20 trained panelists identified and selected among the previous 2. The hedonic test used sensory attributes such as appearance, flavor, taste, and texture. The descriptive test characterized each sensory parameter using sensory descriptors such as seed size, green color, sweetness, aftertaste, starch, nuttiness, beaniness, and chewiness. The study showed significant variation in sensory attributes for most genotypes (p < .001), expressing the variation in choices made by panelists. With the exception of flavor, all other sensory parameters scored higher. Sensory preference criteria were large seed size, sweetness, moderate chewiness, and starchy texture. The genotypes AGS 466, AGS 472, and Ashorowase were the most preferred by more than 90% of the panelists. In contrast, the soybean varieties Maksoy 3N and Early Hakucho were the least preferred by less than 20% of the panelist. The grain type soybean variety S1079‐6‐7, which showed moderate acceptability for edamame consumption among consumers in Benin may be considered by breeders for improvement of sensory attributes.

Practical Applications

This study revealed the sensory preference criteria of consumers in Benin for edamame. Such information is instrumental in the design of breeding programs for the crop. Also the findings of this study is useful for market segmentation. The panelists expressed high willingness to adopt edamame consumption. This is key, as it can it will inform decision of private companies, maket gardenning professionnals and ultimately can boost the edamame sector in Benin.
Electrodermal response and its relationship with explicit response in controlled and real contexts: A case study with different beer styles
Authors: Larrañaga‐Ayastuy Eneko , Mora María , Romeo‐Arroyo Elena , Esteban Ekaitz , Vázquez‐Araújo Laura
Published: November 2022

The aim of the present study was to determine if the electrodermal activity (EDA) associated with the drinking experience of different beer samples could be related to consumers' self‐reported response (liking, emotional valence, and arousal) in two contexts: a sensory lab and a restaurant. A total of 129 consumers participated in the study; after answering an online survey about expectations, 64 of them tasted the beers in the controlled context, and the other 65 in a real context. Results of the explicit response showed significant differences among beers, being context a significant factor: liking and emotional valence scores were higher in the real context. Of all the data collected in the EDA, only the Skin Conductance Level was able to discriminate among samples, showing a negative correlation with explicit liking and valence. Further research is needed to increase knowledge on the utility of EDA signals for the sensory analysis field.

Practical Applications

The use of implicit measurements to increase understanding of consumer responses is currently being promoted by different technology developers and scientific disciplines, but much is still unknown about how to implement sensory analysis studies using the implicit response devices and how to properly exploit the obtained data. The present manuscript shows the comparison of the implicit and explicit consumer responses acquired in two different contexts (real—a restaurant and controlled—a sensory lab), using beer as an example product. The detail on the experimental design, as well as the obtained results, will be useful for those researchers working on the development of new sensory analysis techniques. In addition, the analysis of consumers' response to the samples assessment will be useful for the beer industry, because of showing how is the perception of different beer styles by the Spanish population.
Prevalence, severity and impact of chronic pain among a representative cross‐sectional study of New Zealand high school students
Authors: Farrant Bridget , Denny Simon , Vroegop Paul , Fenaughty John , Clark Terryann C
Published: November 2022

Aim

To report the prevalence of self‐reported chronic pain and severity among young people in New Zealand and explore the relationships between pain and mental health, substance use, socialisation and school engagement.

Methods

Prevalence of self‐reported chronic pain frequency and severity are reported from an anonymous, representative cross‐sectional self‐administered health and well‐being questionnaire by students aged 12–18 years in New Zealand. Multivariable models exploring chronic pain and mental health, substance use, socialisation and school engagement are reported controlling for age, sex, ethnicity, socio‐economic status, disability and history of sexual abuse.

Results

Overall, 22.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 21.2–24.5) of young people reported chronic pain for 6 months or more, with 3.2% (95% CI 3.1–4.5) reporting severe pain weekly or more often. Females and rural adolescents were more likely to report chronic and severe pain. Asian youth reported less pain than other ethnic groups. Increased severity of pain was associated more with poorer daily functioning and socialising than with frequency of pain. Severe pain occurring weekly or more often was more common among students who had a disability (2.3% 95% CI 1.8–2.7 vs. 9.8%, 95% CI 7.2–12.5) or a history of sexual abuse (2.4% 95% 1.9–2.9 vs. 8.5%, 95% CI 6.3–10.5). Those reporting chronic pain had higher proportions of self‐reported significant depressive symptoms, lower well‐being, lower school engagement and lower access to health care, particularly for those reporting higher levels of intensity and frequency of pain.

Conclusions

Chronic pain is common in adolescent populations, and has a significant association with decreased daily functioning, socialising, school engagement and mental well‐being. Adolescents with chronic pain report significant unmet health‐care needs.
Clinical utility of reticulocyte haemoglobin in the assessment of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia in the paediatric population
Authors: Perchard Malaika , Barbaro Pasquale , Rane Mark , Norman Andrew
Published: November 2022

Aim

Reticulocyte haemoglobin (Ret‐He) is a useful marker in the assessment of iron stores in adult and paediatric patients. It is currently not utilised in Pathology Queensland. The objective of this study is to verify Ret‐He in our Pathology Queensland laboratory and assess the clinical utility in the assessment of iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) in paediatric patients.

Methods

Samples from patients aged <18 years sent to the Pathology Queensland laboratory that had paired full blood count and iron studies were included in this study. A minimum of 120 samples were required for verification of testing requirements and a minimum of 30 samples per age range were required for confirmation of published age‐related reference intervals.

Results

Published Ret‐He reference intervals were confirmed for stated age ranges in normal (non‐ID) patients. Ret‐He below the reference range for age demonstrated a good correlation with ID and IDA.

Conclusions

Ret‐He is a useful marker in the assessment of ID and IDA in a paediatric population. It is not affected by acute or chronic inflammation. Ret‐He is sensitive and specific (86% and 92%) for the diagnosis of ID.
Molecular phylogeny of the spiny‐surfaced species of the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum with the description of P. thermophilum sp. nov. and P. criophilum sp. nov. (Prorocentrales, Dinophyceae)
Authors: Gómez Fernando , Gourvil Priscillia , Li Tangcheng , Huang Yulin , Zhang Huan , Courcot Lucie , Artigas Luis F. , Soler Onís Emilio , Gutiérrez‐Rodríguez Andrés , Lin Senjie
Published: November 2022

Spiny‐surfaced species of Prorocentrum form harmful algal blooms, and its taxonomic identity is obscure due to the size and shape variability. Molecular phylogenies reveal two major clades: one for P. cordatum with sequences mainly retrieved as P. minimum, and the other for P. shikokuense with sequences also retrieved as P. dentatum and P. donghaiense. Several closely related clades still need to be characterized. Here, we provide nuclear SSU and LSU rRNA genes, and nuclear ITS region (ITS1‐5.8S gene‐ITS2) sequences of the strain CCMP3122 isolated from Florida (initially named P. donghaiense) and strains Prorocentrum sp. RCC6871–2 from the Ross Sea, Antarctica. We describe Prorocentrum thermophilum sp. nov. based on the strain CCMP3122, a species also distributed in the open waters of the Gulf of Mexico, New Zealand, and the Arabian Gulf; and Prorocentrum criophilum sp. nov. based on the strain RCC6872, which is distributed in the Antarctic Ocean and Arctic Sea. Prorocentrum thermophilum is roundish (~14 μm long, ~12 μm wide), with an inconspicuous anterior spine‐like prolongation under light microscopy, valves with tiny, short knobs (5–7 per μm2), and several (<7) large trichocyst pores (~0.3 μm) in the right valve, as well as smaller pores (~0.15 μm). Prorocentrum criophilum is round in valve view (~11 μm long, 10 μm wide) and asymmetrically roundish in lateral view, the periflagellar area was not discernible under light microscopy, valves with very tiny, short knobs (6–10 per μm2), and at least 12 large pores in the right valve. Other potentially undescribed species of spiny‐surfaced Prorocentrum are discussed.
Medicaid expansion and access to naloxone in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas
Authors: Cheng Yue , Freeman Patricia R. , Slade Emily , Sohn Minji , Talbert Jeffery C. , Delcher Chris
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The opioid crisis remains a major public health concern in the United States. Naloxone is used to reverse opioid overdoses. This study examined Medicaid expansion on naloxone prescriptions in retail pharmacies in metropolitan (metro) and nonmetropolitan (nonmetro) areas (2011‐2017).

Methods

We used population average models to evaluate the association of Medicaid expansion at the state level on the number of naloxone prescriptions dispensed and the percentage paid by Medicaid, including adjustment for opioid‐related and state‐level policy covariates. Difference‐in‐difference modeling was performed as a sensitivity analysis.

Findings

States that expanded Medicaid had higher unadjusted naloxone dispensing rates and Medicaid‐paid percentage of naloxone in metro and nonmetro areas. Medicaid expansion was not associated with the number of naloxone dispensed in either metro (adjusted rate ratio (ARR) = 1.26, 95% CI: [0.80, 1.97]) or nonmetro (ARR = 0.67, 95% CI: [0.37, 1.19]) areas after covariate adjustment. In metro areas, Medicaid expansion was associated with a significant increase of 3.86 percentage points (95% CI: [0.09, 7.63]) in the Medicaid‐paid percentage of naloxone dispensing compared to nonexpansion states, but this association was not significant in nonmetro areas. There was also a significant time by Medicaid expansion interaction on the Medicaid‐paid percentage of naloxone dispensed (metro: estimate = 0.74, 95% CI: [0.36, 1.12]; nonmetro: estimate = 0.68, 95% CI: [0.17, 1.18]).

Conclusions

Medicaid expansion increased naloxone access by increasing the Medicaid‐paid percentage of naloxone prescriptions in metro areas. States with Medicaid expansion had a faster rate of increase in the Medicaid‐paid percentage of naloxone than states without Medicaid expansion in nonmetro areas.
Microbiome assembly and maintenance across the lifespan of bumble bee workers
Authors: Hammer Tobin J. , Easton‐Calabria August , Moran Nancy A.
Published: November 2022

How a host's microbiome changes over its lifespan can influence development and ageing. As these temporal patterns have only been described in detail for a handful of hosts, an important next step is to compare microbiome succession more broadly and investigate why it varies. Here we characterize the temporal dynamics and stability of the bumble bee worker gut microbiome. Bumble bees have simple and host‐specific gut microbiomes, and their microbial dynamics may influence health and pollination services. We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing, quantitative PCR and metagenomics to characterize gut microbiomes over the lifespan of Bombus impatiens workers. We also sequenced gut transcriptomes to examine host factors that may control the microbiome. At the community level, microbiome assembly is highly predictable and similar to patterns of primary succession observed in the human gut. However, at the strain level, partitioning of bacterial variants among colonies suggests stochastic colonization events similar to those observed in flies and nematodes. We also find strong differences in temporal dynamics among symbiont species, suggesting ecological differences among microbiome members in colonization and persistence. Finally, we show that both the gut microbiome and host transcriptome—including expression of key immunity genes—stabilize, as opposed to senesce, with age. We suggest that in highly social groups such as bumble bees, maintenance of both microbiomes and immunity contribute to inclusive fitness, and thus remain under selection even in old age. Our findings provide a foundation for exploring the mechanisms and functional outcomes of bee microbiome succession.
Transcriptional analysis of the mfa‐cluster genes in Porphyromonas gingivalis strains with one and two mfa5 genes
Authors: Fujita Mari , Chiu Chen‐Hsuan , Nagano Keiji
Published: November 2022

The Porphyromonas gingivalis Mfa1 fimbria is composed of the Mfa1 to Mfa5 proteins, encoded by the mfa1 to mfa5 genes, respectively, which are tandemly arranged on chromosomes. A recent study discovered that many P. gingivalis strains possess two mfa5 genes (called herein mfa5‐1 and mfa5‐2), which are also in tandem. This study examined the transcriptional unit and activity of mfa‐cluster genes in strains with one (the ATCC 33277 and TDC60 strains) and two (the HG66 and A7436 strains) mfa5 genes. Complementary DNA was prepared from the total RNA extracted from the bacterial cells in the logarithmic growth phase using a random primer. PCR analysis for the intergenic regions from mfa1 to mfa5 or mfa5‐2 showed that mfa1 to mfa5 or mfa5‐2 formed a polycistronic gene cluster. Quantitative real‐time PCR showed that the mfa1 transcription was 5–10 times higher than that of mfa2 in all the strains. However, mfa2 to mfa5 mostly showed a comparable expression. Both mfa5 genes were comparably transcribed in HG66 and A7436 strains. The transcriptional levels were almost consistent with the respective protein expression levels. In silico analysis identified a transcriptional terminator structure in the intergenic region between mfa1 and mfa2 that was probably responsible for the decreased transcription rate of mfa2 and the downstream genes.
Regional oxygen saturation measured by two different oximetry monitors in infants and children undergoing living donor liver transplantation with bilirubin measurements: A prospective observational study
Authors: Magasich‐Airola Natalia Patricia , Momeni Mona , Sanchez Torres Cristel , De Magnée Catherine , Tambucci Roberto , Reding Raymond , Pirotte Thierry
Published: November 2022

Background

Tissue oximetry devices use wavelengths in the 680–870 nm range to separate between oxygenated/deoxygenated hemoglobin. Conjugated bilirubin has an absorption peak at 730 nm.

Aims

We hypothesized that ForeSight Elite using 5 wavelengths reduces interference from bilirubin and shows higher regional tissue oxygen saturation (rSO2) than INVOS 5100C incorporating 2 wavelengths.

Methods

Infants and children undergoing living donor liver transplantation were included between March 2019 and September 2020. Cerebral and somatic rSO2 were measured, and real‐time simultaneous data were collected. Additionally, measurements were collected at (1) baseline, (2) beginning of dissection phase, (3) beginning of anhepatic phase, (4) reperfusion phase, and (5) skin closure. Bilirubin level was available at baseline and at reperfusion. Hyperbilirubinemia was defined as bilirubin level ≥1.0 mg/dl.

Results

Thirty‐three patients with median age of 27 months and median weight of 12 kg were included. Baseline bilirubin levels were higher compared to values at reperfusion (p = .021). A linear mixed effects model considering bilirubin as fixed and patient as random effect showed that there was a statistically significant difference in cerebral rSO2 readings in function of time (p = .031), device (p < .001), and bilirubin concentrations (p = .007) but not for hemoglobin (p = .347), SpO2 (p = .882), and arterial partial pressure of CO2 (PaCO2) (p = .146). The model showed that there was a statistically significant difference in somatic rSO2 readings in function of device (p < .001) and bilirubin concentrations (p = .023) but not for time (p = .074), hemoglobin (p = .954), SpO2 (p = .108), and PaCO2 (p = .775). Bland–Altman plot analyzing cerebral and somatic rSO2 between both devices showed respectively a mean absolute bias and 95% limits of agreement of 21.73% (−10.21 to 53.67) and 19.52% (−29.51 to 68.54).

Conclusions

Oximetry devices emitting light at >2 wavelengths may overcome interference from hyperbilirubinemia providing higher rSO2 readings.
Development of a 135K SNP genotyping array for Actinidia arguta and its applications for genetic mapping and QTL analysis in kiwifruit
Authors: Wang Ran , Xing Siyuan , Bourke Peter M. , Qi Xiuquan , Lin Miaomiao , Esselink Danny , Arens Paul , Voorrips Roeland E. , Visser Richard G.F. , Sun Leiming , Zhong Yunpeng , Gu Hong , Li Yukuo , Li Sikai , Maliepaard Chris , Fang Jinbao
Published: November 2022

Kiwifruit (Actinidia spp) is a woody, perennial and deciduous vine. In this genus, there are multiple ploidy levels but the main cultivated cultivars are polyploid. Despite the availability of many genomic resources in kiwifruit, SNP genotyping is still a challenge given these different levels of polyploidy. Recent advances in SNP array technologies have offered a high‐throughput genotyping platform for genome‐wide DNA polymorphisms. In this study, we developed a high‐density SNP genotyping array to facilitate genetic studies and breeding applications in kiwifruit. SNP discovery was performed by genome‐wide DNA sequencing of 40 kiwifruit genotypes. The identified SNPs were stringently filtered for sequence quality, predicted conversion performance and distribution over the available Actinidia chinensis genome. A total of 134 729 unique SNPs were put on the array. The array was evaluated by genotyping 400 kiwifruit individuals. We performed a multidimensional scaling analysis to assess the diversity of kiwifruit germplasm, showing that the array was effective to distinguish kiwifruit accessions. Using a tetraploid F1 population, we constructed an integrated linkage map covering 3060.9 cM across 29 linkage groups and performed QTL analysis for the sex locus that has been identified on Linkage Group 3 (LG3) in Actinidia arguta. Finally, our dataset presented evidence of tetrasomic inheritance with partial preferential pairing in A. arguta. In conclusion, we developed and evaluated a 135K SNP genotyping array for kiwifruit. It has the advantage of a comprehensive design that can be an effective tool in genetic studies and breeding applications in this high‐value crop.
Disseminated Bisifusarium infection following toxic epidermal necrolysis in a child with B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Brent Geoffrey , Abdul‐Wahab Alya , Borman Andrew M. , Ferguson Leila , Ferreras‐Antolin Laura , Ho Bernard , Johnson Elizabeth M. , Mashhoudi Yasaman , van Rijswijk Elsje , Wijesuriya Nilukshi , Mansoor Nazish
Published: November 2022

Fusarium is a polyphyletic genus of plant pathogens, members of which can cause opportunistic human infections with varying superficial and systemic presentations, including disseminated infections which typically occur in immunocompromised patients and have a poor prognosis. Treatment is challenging due to intrinsic resistance to many antifungal agents, and antifungal susceptibility testing is therefore essential. Early suspicion, isolation of the organism, and prompt initiation of management are crucial to improving survival. We present a case of disseminated Bisifusarium infection following toxic epidermal necrolysis in a child with B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, successfully treated with liposomal amphotericin B, voriconazole, flucytosine, and terbinafine.
Wittgenstein on Miscalculation and the Foundations of Mathematics
Authors: Wheeler Samuel J.
Published: November 2022

In Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics, Wittgenstein notes that he has ‘not yet made the role of miscalculating clear’ and that ‘the role of the proposition: “I must have miscalculated”…is really the key to an understanding of the “foundations” of mathematics.’ In this paper, I hope to get clear on how this is the case. First, I will explain Wittgenstein's understanding of a ‘foundation’ for mathematics. Then, by showing how the proposition ‘I must have miscalculated’ differentiates mathematics from the physical sciences, we will see how this proposition is the key to understanding the foundations of mathematics.
Role of the OTUB1/IRF7/NOX4 axis in oxidative stress injury and inflammatory responses in mice with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Xing Xiaolian , Xu Fei , Wang Yu , Liu Hongwei
Published: November 2022

Background

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most devastating neurodegenerative disorders and is associated with oxidative stress injury (OSI) and inflammatory responses. This study sought to investigate the mechanism of ovarian tumour domain‐containing ubiquitin aldehyde binding 1 (OTUB1) in OSI and inflammatory responses in PD, providing a theoretical foundation for PD treatment.

Methods

The PD mouse model was established by an intraperitoneal injection of 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine, followed by behavioural tests, observation of brain pathological changes, and quantification of inflammatory (TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐10) and OS (ROS, SOD, and MDA) factors. Next, the expression levels of OTUB1, interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7), and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) levels were determined by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay, the binding of OTUB1 to IRF7 was analysed by co‐immunoprecipitation, and the ubiquitination level of IRF7 and the enrichment and binding of IRF7 and the NOX4 promoter were measured by chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual‐luciferase assays. Afterwards, rescue experiments were performed with IRF7 or NOX4 overexpression in OTUB1 knockout PD mice.

Results

OTUB1 was upregulated in brain tissues of PD mice. Inhibition of OTUB1 alleviated PD progression, OSI, and inflammatory responses. OTUB1 stabilized IRF7 through deubiquitination, and IRF7 bound to the NOX4 promoter to promote NOX4 expression. IRF7 or NOX4 overexpression reversed the effects of silencing OTUB1 on OSI and inflammatory responses in PD mice.

Conclusion

OTUB1‐mediated deubiquitination stabilized IRF7 and upregulated NOX4 expression, thereby promoting OSI and inflammatory responses in PD mice.
Windowed Green function method for wave scattering by periodic arrays of 2D obstacles
Authors: Strauszer‐Caussade Thomas , Faria Luiz M. , Fernandez‐Lado Agustín , Pérez‐Arancibia Carlos
Published: November 2022

This paper introduces a novel boundary integral equation (BIE) method for the numerical solution of problems of planewave scattering by periodic line arrays of two‐dimensional penetrable obstacles. Our approach is built upon a direct BIE formulation that leverages the simplicity of the free‐space Green function but in turn entails evaluation of integrals over the unit‐cell boundaries. Such integrals are here treated via the window Green function method. The windowing approximation together with a finite‐rank operator correction—used to properly impose the Rayleigh radiation condition—yield a robust second‐kind BIE that produces superalgebraically convergent solutions throughout the spectrum, including at the challenging Rayleigh–Wood anomalies. The corrected windowed BIE can be discretized by means of off‐the‐shelf Nyström and boundary element methods, and it leads to linear systems suitable for iterative linear algebra solvers as well as standard fast matrix–vector product algorithms. A variety of numerical examples demonstrate the accuracy and robustness of the proposed methodology.
The body maledict: Understanding the method of standpoint phenomenology through the work of Frantz Fanon
Authors: Ward Katherine
Published: November 2022

In this article, I examine the phenomenological methodology at work in Fanon's revision of the body schema. I argue that he implicitly utilizes a methodology I call standpoint phenomenology and show how this methodology emphasizes experiences that are not “universal” but specific to certain social groups in order to uncover shared ontological structures of experience. Fanon's work illustrates two key theses of standpoint phenomenology: (1) the thesis of situated phenomenology and (2) the thesis of inverted phenomenological privilege. I also draw a deep connection between classical and standpoint phenomenology by showing that it is the phenomenological analysis of breakdown experiences (e.g., corporeal malediction) that enables a standpoint approach to phenomenology. This breakdown methodology is explicitly developed by Heidegger and utilized implicitly by Merleau‐Ponty. If I am right, standpoint phenomenology is both a natural development of and a considerable advance on the traditional methodology. This article, then, provides a better understanding of Fanon's place in the phenomenological tradition and, more broadly, makes explicit a new methodology for advancing phenomenological research.
Cognitively engaging movement games improve interference control and academic performance in overweight children: A randomized control trial
Authors: Chou Chien‐Chih , Kao Shih‐Chun , Pan Cheng‐Chen , McCullick Bryan , Fu Hao‐Lun , Wang Chun‐Hao
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the (a) dose–response effects of cognitively engaging movement games (CEMGs) designed to improve aerobic capacity, interference control (IC), and academic performance, (b) relationship between intervention‐induced improvements in aerobic capacity, IC, and academic performance, and (c) moderation effect of IC on the relationship between aerobic capacity and academic performance in overweight children. Seventy‐five overweight children (aged 11.23 ± 0.60 years; 48% males) participated in this study conducted in Taipei during the 2018/2019 academic year and were randomly assigned to the low‐dose (20‐min) intervention, high‐dose (40‐min) intervention, and control groups and completed a Stroop test, half‐mile run, and language and mathematics tests before and after a 10‐week afterschool program. Both intervention groups showed similar improvements in outcomes of aerobic capacity (ds > 0.80), IC (ds > 0.76), and academic performance (ds > 0.90) from the pretest to posttest, whereas these outcomes were unchanged for the control group. Furthermore, improved IC moderated the association between improvements in aerobic capacity and academic performance. Our findings suggest that CEMG with varying doses is feasible and effective for improving aerobic capacity, IC, and academic performance in overweight children and that the association between improvements in aerobic capacity and academic performance depends on the intervention effects on IC.
Identification of the novel class II allele, HLA‐DPA1*01:127
Authors: Jeong In Hwa , Eom So Hyun , Lim Sori , Kang Eun‐Suk
Published: November 2022

HLA‐DPA1*01:127 is identical to HLA‐DPA1*01:03 except for a single nucleotide substitution in exon 3.
Neonatal sepsis in alloimmune hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn: A retrospective cohort study of 260 neonates
Authors: Jansen Sophie J. , Ree Isabelle M. C. , Broer Lana , de Winter Derek , de Haas Masja , Bekker Vincent , Lopriore Enrico
Published: November 2022

Background

Among neonates with hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN), we aimed to describe the frequency of central‐line use, indications for insertion, and incidence of confirmed and suspected sepsis, including antibiotic treatment over a 10‐year surveillance period.

Study Design and Methods

All neonates with HDFN admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit between January 2012 and December 2021 were included in this retrospective, cohort study. Annual proportions of infants with a central‐line and central‐line‐associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) rates (per 1000 central‐line days and per 100 infants) were evaluated. Numbers of confirmed and suspected early‐ and late‐onset sepsis episodes were assessed over the entire study period.

Results

Of the 260 included infants, 25 (9.6%) were evaluated for suspected sepsis, with 16 (6.2%) having ≥1 confirmed sepsis episode. A total of 123 central‐lines were placed in 98 (37.7%) neonates, with impending exchange transfusion (ET) being the most frequent indication. Of the 34 (34.7%) neonates in whom a central‐line was placed due to impending ET, 11 (32.4%) received no ET. Overall CLABSI incidence was 13.58 per 1000 central‐line days. Neonates with a central‐line had a higher risk for confirmed late‐onset infection (RR 1.11, 95% CI: 1.04–1.20) and sepsis work‐up (RR 1.10, 95% CI: 1.03–1.17) compared to infants without a central‐line.

Conclusions

Sepsis incidence among neonates with HDFN remains high, in particular in those with a central‐line. Considering the substantial proportion of neonates with a central‐line without eventual ET, central‐line placement should be delayed until the likelihood of ET is high.
Enviro-Economic Policy Instruments and Waste Management: The Prospects of Applying the Indifferent Consumers-Pay Principle in Malaysia
Authors: Bakar Jaafar A.
Published: November 2022

The constant struggle by the local authorities in addressing the waste problem would call for a thorough examination of the economics of waste management, as well as the need to search for the most appropriate enviro-economic policy instrument that can be employed in the context of a fast-paced developing economy such as Malaysia. A number of instruments have been put into practice by various authorities in Malaysia in particular, and in other countries in general, but the effectiveness of each is being questioned. It is hereby proposed that a new instrument be introduced in Malaysia, which is a variation of the “Polluters-Pay” Principle, as outlined in the 9th Malaysia Plan (2006-2010). The primary target ought to be the consumers, and not necessarily the producers: those who participate in a recycling scheme are not required to pay a certain levy when purchasing new goods. In return, when they deposit the unwanted items into recycling bins designated for different types of materials, they will be rewarded with equivalent credit points that can be redeemed at points of sale. It is anticipated in at least 7 aspects if a positive impact of the application of the proposed instrument would be realized. Thus, the waste recycling industry, as envisaged since the 8th Malaysia Plan (2001-2005), would become a reality.
National Earth Observation Program for Digital Earth - the Malaysian Case: Issues in Consideration
Authors: Subari Mustafa Din
Published: November 2022

Digital Earth, a virtual geospatial data infrastructure, has become a strategic asset to Malaysia in embracing the new economy. Earth Observation Satellite (EOS) is currently a major tool employed to build and maintain DE. Acknowledging the strategic need of having her own capability, Malaysia has embarked into EOS development programs since the early 1990s, starting with TiungSAT-1, a micro-satellite carrying a small camera, followed by RazakSAT, a small satellite carrying a 2.5 m PAN medium-aperture-camera. The current satellite development program, the RazakSAT-2, plans to carry a 1.0m high resolution PAN camera and a 4.0m MS camera, would become a strategic initiative by the Government in developing and accelerating the nation’s capability in the area of satellite technology, and its applications. This paper aims to review the implementation of a national DE, and to discuss the country’s space sector development in support of the DE implementations via the proposed National Space Policy. Emphasis is placed on the EOS program, as described in the policy paper, as well as on supporting local space industry. The paper concludes with identifying several related issues of importance, their impact, and finally, proposes techniques to address these issues.
A Review of Social Innovation Initiatives in Malaysia
Authors: Nasir Noor Rizawati , Subari Mustafa Din
Published: November 2022

Social innovation is becoming increasingly recognised as a solution for social challenges which the conventional government policy approach or market are unable to address. Social innovation is defined as a new solution that simultaneously meets social needs more effectively than the existing solutions, and leads new and improved capabilities and relationships. It also allows assets and resources to be improved in a better manner. In other words, it has a positive impact on society, as it enhances the capacity to act. Despite the fact that it is an emerging field in Malaysia, making the term ‘social innovation’ a recent articulation in public policies, several existing initiatives have been carried out by various government ministries and agencies as well as the third sector entities that successfully adopted the social innovation approach in addressing society’s needs. Thus, this paper aims to review the implementation of socially innovative initiatives in Malaysia that promote the socio-economic well-being of the society, particularly low-income and marginalised groups. The findings demonstrate that there are four main forms of social innovation initiatives for socio-economic well-being in Malaysia, namely, i) microfinancing; ii) social entrepreneurship; iii) public service delivery and; iv) grassroots innovation (science and technology-based). This paper concludes that several social innovation initiatives in Malaysia have shown substantial improvement in uplifting the socio-economic well-being of the people, and have had considerable support from the government as well as the third sectors. Nonetheless, to ensure a greater impact by the initiatives, extra attention should be offered to provide a sufficient and comprehensive enabling environment with equal supply and demand side measures, as there exists a lack of a clear and coordinated social innovation framework in Malaysia. Furthermore, there is a need to conduct further research on grassroots social innovation in supporting the national STI Policy, as there is a lack of government reports and studies that have been done to analyse the socio-economic impact of the initiatives.
POLICIES, CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIES FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Zainu Zaipul Anwar , Songip Ahmad Rahman
Published: November 2022

Municipal waste management (MWM) in Malaysia has become a challenging task in recent years due to population growth, industrialisation and an increase in quantity and variation in the types of waste generated. Suitable disposal sites are becoming scarce and most of the existing ones are nearly coming towards the end of its useful life. The government has promoted recycling programmes through various campaigns however little has been achieved due to the lack of participation and lukewarm attitudes of the public in Malaysia. Therefore, this paper is written to provide an overview and analysis of the policies, challenges and strategies to issues related to MWM in Malaysia.
The last complex WIMPs standing
Authors: Bottaro Salvatore , Buttazzo Dario , Costa Marco , Franceschini Roberto , Panci Paolo , Redigolo Diego , Vittorio Ludovico
Published: November 2022

We continue the study of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMP) started in Bottaro et al. (Eur Phys J C 82:31, 2022), focusing on a single complex electroweak n-plet with non-zero hypercharge added to the Standard Model. The minimal splitting between the Dark Matter and its electroweak neutral partner required to circumvent direct detection constraints allows only multiplets with hypercharge smaller or equal to 1. We compute for the first time all the calculable WIMP masses up to the largest multiplet allowed by perturbative unitarity. For the minimal allowed splitting, most of these multiplets can be fully probed at future large-exposure direct detection experiments, with the notable exception of the doublet with hypercharge 1/2. We show how a future muon collider can fully explore the parameter space of the complex doublet combining missing mass, displaced track and long-lived track searches. In the same spirit, we study how a future muon collider can probe the parameter space of complex WIMPs in regions where the direct detection cross section drops below the neutrino floor. Finally, we comment on how precision observables can provide additional constraints on complex WIMPs.
Evaluation of Classroom Teaching Quality Based on Film and Multimedia Mixed Learning
Authors: Ji Yuanyuan
Published: November 2022

Nowadays, the computer information management system has been integrated into people's life and work. Because of the rapid development of film and television industry, multimedia classroom teaching has become a trend of film and television teaching. More and more subjects have developed blended teaching models, and how to evaluate the learning effects of blended teaching has also attracted more and more attention from the educational circles. Therefore, based on the background of video multimedia classroom teaching and the theory of fuzzy synthetic valuation, this paper designs and implements a set of video multimedia classroom teaching quality valuation system. Firstly, based on the fuzzy synthetic valuation, the corresponding valuation indexes are designed. Secondly, the system design, according to the specific user application requirements, design the relevant functions; finally, the B / S mode structure system, using JSP / servlet web page development technology to achieve the system. In order to test the performance of the system designed in this paper, a small-scale teaching quality valuation system is constructed. Through the analysis of the application of the system, it is found that the teaching quality valuation system designed in this paper can well evaluate the teaching quality of teachers, promote the development of film and television teaching, and improve the teaching quality.
Early Childhood Education: Health, Equity, and Economics
Authors: Hahn Robert A. , Barnett W. Steven
Published: November 2022

Many low-income and minority children in the United States and globally are at risk of poor educational trajectories and, consequently, diminished life courses, because their households and neighborhoods lack resources to adequately support learning and development prior to formal schooling. This review summarizes evidence on center-based early childhood education (ECE) for three- and four-year-olds as a means of assuring school readiness in cognitive and socioemotional skills. While the details of ECE programs merit further research, it is clear that ECE can benefit children, especially those most disadvantaged, with additional societal benefits and positive long-run economic returns. Universal ECE is not a cure-all, and its success requires ongoing alignment with subsequent education and attention to child household and community conditions. Because resource deprivation is concentrated in low-income and minority communities, publicly funded universal ECE can also be a powerful instrument for the promotion of social equity.
The Impacts of Paid Family and Medical Leave on Worker Health, Family Well-Being, and Employer Outcomes
Authors: Bartel Ann , Rossin-Slater Maya , Ruhm Christopher , Slopen Meredith , Waldfogel Jane
Published: November 2022

This article reviews the evidence on the impacts of paid family and medical leave (PFML) policies on workers’ health, family well-being, and employer outcomes. While an extensive body of research demonstrates the mostly beneficial effects of PFML taken by new parents on infant, child, and parental health, less is known about its impact on employees who need leave to care for older children, adult family members, or elderly relatives. The evidence on employers is similarly limited but indicates that PFML does not impose major burdens on them. Taken together, the evidence suggests that PFML policies are likely to have important short- and long-term benefits for population health, without generating large costs for employers. At thesame time, further research is needed to understand the effects of different policy parameters (e.g., wage replacement rate and leave duration) and of other types of leave beyond parental leave.
Effects of Levodopa-Carbidopa Intestinal Gel Compared with Optimized Medical Treatment on Nonmotor Symptoms in Advanced Parkinson’s Disease: INSIGHTS Study
Authors: Chung Sun Ju , Calopa Matilde , Ceravolo Maria G. , Tambasco Nicola , Antonini Angelo , Chaudhuri K. Ray , Robieson Weining Z. , Sánchez-Soliño Olga , Zadikoff Cindy , Jin Man , Barbato Luigi M.
Published: November 2022

Background. Nonmotor symptoms (NMS) are common in advanced Parkinson’s disease (APD) and reduce health-related quality of life. Objective. The aim of the study was to evaluate levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) versus optimized medical treatment (OMT) on NMS in APD. Methods. INSIGHTS was a phase 3b, open-label, randomized, multicenter study in patients with APD (LCIG or OMT, 26 weeks) (NCT02549092). Primary outcomes assessed were total NMS (NMS scale (NMSS) and PD sleep scale (PDSS-2)). Key secondary outcomes included the Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS) Part II, Clinical Global Impression of Change (CGI-C), and PD Questionnaire-8 (PDQ-8). Additional secondary measures of Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC), King’s PD Pain Scale (KPPS), and Parkinson Anxiety Scale (PAS) also were evaluated. Finally, safety was assessed. Results. Out of 89 patients randomized, 87 were included in the analysis (LCIG, n = 43; OMT, n = 44). There were no significant differences in NMSS or PDSS-2 total score changes (baseline to Week 26) between LCIG and OMT; within-group changes were significant for NMSS (LCIG,

p
<
0.001

; OMT,

p
=
0.005

) and PDSS-2 (LCIG,

p
<
0.001

; OMT,

p
<
0.001

). Between-group treatment differences were nominally significant for UPDRS Part II (

p
=
0.006

) and CGI-C (

p
<
0.001

) at Week 26 in favor of LCIG; however, statistical significance could not be claimed in light of primary efficacy outcomes. PGIC (Week 26) and KPPS (Week 12) scores were nominally significantly reduced with LCIG versus OMT (

p
<
0.001

;

p
<
0.05

). There were no significant differences in PDQ-8 or PAS. Adverse events (AEs) were mostly mild to moderate; common serious AEs were pneumoperitoneum (n = 2) and stoma-site infection (n = 2) (LCIG). Conclusions. There were no significant differences between LCIG versus OMT in NMSS or PDSS-2; both LCIG and OMT groups significantly improved from baseline. AEs were consistent with the known safety profile.
Significance of Spliceosome‐Related Genes in the Prediction of Prognosis and Treatment Strategies for Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yang Ying , Huang Tianyi , Fan Yihui , Lu Haimin , Shao Jingjing , Wang Yilang , Shen Aiguo
Published: November 2022

Background. The leading cause of cancer‐related fatalities globally is lung cancer; lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common histological type in it. The spliceosome plays an important role in a majority of malignancies. However, it is yet unclear how spliceosome‐related genes affect patients with LUAD in terms of treatment course and prognosis. Methods. Spliceosome‐related genes were assessed from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to obtain clinical information and gene expression in patients with LUAD. A spliceosome‐related gene signature and prognostic model were constructed by using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and nomogram. Immune infiltrate levels, mutation analysis, and pathway enrichment were predicted potential mechanisms of the signature by using single‐sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), Gene Set Cancer Analysis (GSCA) database, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene Ontology (GO) database. Then, a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network and transcription factor‐ (TF‐) hub gene and drug mining network were also established by Cytoscape software. Results. Firstly, we constructed a prognostic model for 11 spliceosome signature genes. Based on the prognostic risk score, we stratified patients with LUAD into high‐ and low‐risk groups. The high‐ and low‐risk groups were closely related to the OS, tumor immune infiltration level, immune checkpoint molecules, and tumor mutation burden (TMB) of LUAD patients. Based on PPI networks, we also predict relevant TF genes that may regulate signature prognostic genes. Finally, drugs including oxaliplatin, arsenic trioxide, cisplatin, and sunitinib were excavated for the treatment of the 11 spliceosome signature genes in LUAD patients. Conclusion. In conclusion, this study is the first to explore the importance of spliceosome‐related genes in the prognosis and treatment of LUAD. Through our study, we have innovatively provided potential prognosis genes and new therapeutic drug targets for the treatment of LUAD patients.
Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Brucellosis in Ruminants in Dhofar Province in Southern Oman
Authors: Al-Marzooqi Waleed , Elshafie Elshafie I. , Al-Toobi AlGhalya , Al-Hamrashdi Abeer , Al-Kharousi Kaadhia , El-Tahir Hatim , Jay Maryne , Corde Yannick , ElTahir Yasmin
Published: November 2022

Objective. The aim of the present work was to raise awareness of Brucella infection and emphasize the use of serological tests for screening and confirmation of the presence of the infection in different localities in the Dhofar region in the Sultanate of Oman. Methods. A seroprevalence of Brucella infection in naturally infected livestock was undertaken in 50 farms (a total of 434 sera, 207 goats, 84 sheep, 54 cattle, and 89 camels) from different wilayat of the Dhofar region in the southern part of Oman. Rose Bengal (RBT), complement fixation (CFT), and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) tests were used to determine the presence of Brucella antibodies. Statistical analysis (Pearson chi-square, binary logistic regression, and univariate logistic regression) was used to investigate the significance between the prevalence and the categorical risk factors individually, with two or more levels (animal species, animal condition, and or location). Results. Our results show that the overall seroprevalence based on CFT, RBT, and I-ELISA was 3% (13/424, CI: 1.8–5.1%), 4.8% (21/434, CI: 3.1–7.3%), and 8% (35/434, CI: 5.8–10.9%), respectively. The highest seroprevalence was reported in goats (13% (27/207)) and animals from East Jabal (13% (21/161)), whereas the lowest was recorded in camels (3.4% (3/89)) and animals from deserts (1.4% (1/69)). Parameters such as the positive predictive value (PPV) and the negative predictive value (NPV) showed that the sensitivity of I-ELISA and CFT based on the RBT test was 61.9% and 57.1%, respectively, whereas the specificity of I-ELISA (94.6%) was less than that of CFT (97.33%). Conclusion. We concluded that three tests are confirmatory for the presence of Brucella infection.