bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Diagnostic Accuracy of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration in Patients with Endoscopic Biopsy Negative Upper Gastrointestinal Lesions
Authors: Muhammad Najm ul Hasan Shafi  , Irfan Ali  , Muhammad Ismail  , Zulfiqar Hassam , Izatullah  , Rao Saad Ali Khan
Published: January 2022

Objective To determine the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound guided (EUS) fine needle aspiration in patients who had inconclusive endoscopic biopsies of the same lesion
Methodology This retrospective study was conducted at Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan from Jan 2018 to July 2020. Patients who underwent EUS guided FNAC from June 2017 to July 2020 were screened. The FNAC results of patients satisfying the inclusion ciritera were compared with either a surgical biopsy in patients in whom surgeries were done, while in the remaining patients, EUS FNAC results were compared with a 3 months radiological and/or 6 months clinical follow-up. The final diagnosis was defined based on the following criteria: (1) Malignant lesions (n=36), histopathologic diagnosis obtained based on surgery resected samples (n=18) or clinical diagnosis as neoplasm based on clinical follow-up of symptoms (n=30) or radiologic diagnosis based on imaging follow-up at 3 months (n=13) (2) Benign lesions (n=18), benign cytopathologic histopathologic findings and clinical follow-up with no evidence of malignant progression or metastasis.
Results EUS-guided FNA cytology turned out to be malignant in 60 percent (n=36) of the specimens. 30 percent of the samples showed benign epithelial cytology ( n=18) while in 10 percentÂ  of the cases (n=6), the tissue samples were deemed insufficient for cytological diagnosis. The accuracy came out to be 66.6 percent (n=10 were true negative), sensitivity 93.4 percent, and specificity 100 percent.Â 
Conclusion EUS guided-FNA cytology of the sub-mucosal upper GI lesions is highly sensitive and specific for upper GI lesions, which are negative on endoscopic biopsies.
Outcome of Percutaneous Ultrasound Guided Aspiration versus Open Surgical Drainage of Psoas Muscle Abscess
Authors: Shahida Khatoon  , Ayesha Ahmedani  , Sanam Karim Unar  , Riaz Ahmed Memon  , Shahnawaz Khatti  , Sundesh
Published: January 2022

Objective: To compare the outcome of percutaneous ultrasound guided aspiration V/S open surgical drainage for psoas muscle abscess.

Methodology: This comparative study was conducted in department of general surgery at Liaquat medical university hospital Hyderabad/Jamshoro, from June 2017 to November 2017. Diagnosed Patients of psoas muscle abscess size more than 5cm, between 18 to 60 years of age and either of gender were included. Patients were randomly divided into two groups, A and B by odd and even method, patients in group A abscess was aspirated by percutaneous ultrasound guided aspiration and patients in group B was underwent open surgical drainage, all the data were entered in the pre designed performa and analyzed into SPSS V:16.0

Results: A total of 58 patients of Psoas muscle abscess were selected, the mean age of study subjects of group A was 38.5+10.5 and group B was 36.5+12.7 (p-673). Early post-operative pain relief was assessed among patients of group A as compared to group B. As per outcome resolution of abscess cavity was significantly high among patients of group B (p-0.004), while post-operative Hospital stay was significantly lower in group A (p-0.002).

Conclusion: Both techniques has their own benefits like percutaneous aspiration has shorter duration of hospital stay while in complete resolution of abscess cavity was found in open surgical drainage group of patients.
The Preferred Learning Styles Among the Undergraduate Dental Students at Foundation University College of Dentistry, Islamabad
Authors: Nasir Falahat , Faiza Gulfam  , Ali Ayub  , Zainab Abdullah  , Salwan Ghani  , Hidayat Ullah
Published: January 2022

Objective: To determine the preferred learning styles of undergraduate dental students at the Foundation University College of Dentistry, Islamabad.
Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted at Foundation University College of Dentistry, Islamabad in January 2020 over a period of 2 weeks. On the basis of VARK questionnaire, learning styles of first to final year undergraduate dental students were analysed. The questionnaire consisted of 16 items and identified four different learning styles: visual, aural, reading/writing and kinaesthetic. A total of 132 students were included in this study. The filled out questionnaires were scored according to the VARK tool and then statistically analysed to determine the distribution of different learning styles among students.
Results: A total of 126 students out of 132 responded with the response rate of 95.5%. The results showed that the frequency of a single learning style (unimodal) in the study population was 63.5% while the frequency of a combination of different learning styles (multimodal) was 36.5%. The frequencies of bimodal, trimodal and quadmodal learning styles were 26.1%, 6.9% and 3.5% respectively. Among the unimodal learning style kinaesthetic topped the list with a frequency of 27.9% while among theÂ  bimodal learning styles auro-kinaesthetic was more frequent accounting for 10.9%.
Conclusion: The predominant learning style in our study population was unimodal and had a frequency of 63.5% with kinaesthetic being the chief preference making a major chunk of 27.9% followed by aural learners making up to 20.4%. In bimodal learning styles the most frequent in our study population was auro-kinaesthetic with a frequency of 10.9%.
Efficacy and Duration of Trunk-Injected Imidacloprid in the Management of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Adelges tsugae)
Authors: Doccola Joseph J. , Bristol Eric J. , Sifleet Samantha D. , Lojko Joseph , Wild Peter M.
Published: January 2022

Hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) (HWA) is an introduced piercing, sucking insect that affects hemlocks (Tsugaspp.)by extracting carbohydrates from the xylem ray parenchyma cells. Left untreated, HWA will result in reduced shoot growth, branch dieback, and ultimately tree death. In this study, the insecticide IMA-jet (5% imidacloprid w/w) was applied by trunk microinjection with the Arborjet Tree I.V. using the VIPER method. Sixteen randomly selected HWA-infested hemlocks were treated in 2002 and 2003 and eight trees were selected as untreated controls. Eight infested branch samples per tree were cut each year (2003, 2004, and 2005) and assessed. Four parameters were used to assess the efficacy and duration of treatments. These were percent HWA mortality, total and live HWA per linear centimeter shoot growth, and current-year shoot growth. The eastern hemlock (T. canadensis) in this study had high initial HWA pressure. In the 3 years of the study, winter low temperatures were insufficient to cause an appreciable or sustainable reduction in infestation levels. In the controls, HWA increased and hemlock growth decreased. Treatment with stem-injected imidacloprid did not provide a quick knockdown of the HWA; rather, it required time (i.e., at least 1 year). In the year after a second treatment, we observed sufficiently high HWA mortality for hemlock to resume growth. We have a high degree of confidence that a repeat treatment increased the levels of imidacloprid for the duration of efficacy observed. We recommend a 2× dosage (e.g., for trees in the 30 to 59 cm [12 to 23.6 in] size class, increase from 0.08 g A.I. to 0.16 gm A.I./cm trunk diameter at breast height [dbh]) for an increased level of efficacy to extend the injection interval (to once every 2 years) and to limit the number of wounds a tree receives to centimeters dbh/5 (dbh in/2). The new rate recommendations are reflected on the IMA-jet label amended in 2006. These results demonstrate that hemlock with high HWA pressure can be successfully treated using IMA-jet and the Arborjet Tree I.V. system.
An Evaluation of Bur Oak (Quercus macrocarpa) Decline in the Urban Forest of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Authors: Catton H.A. , George S. St. , Remphrey W.R.
Published: January 2022

Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, has a large, indigenous population of bur oak (Quercus macrocarpaMichx.). In the 1980s, many of these trees were showing signs of decline, a disease caused by a complex of abiotic and secondary biotic stressing agents. Potential causal factors were investigated by comparing various aspects of 120 bur oaks visually rated as healthy or declined based on crown dieback levels. The results indicated that many selected bur oak trees predated surrounding urban development and that declined trees were significantly older with more severe stem wounds and competition from surrounding trees than healthy specimens. Average annual growth ring widths of healthy and declined trees were similar in the early part of the 20th century. However, decline actually began decades before symptoms were noticed, coinciding with a period of intense city-wide urban development, as growth of declined trees was slower than that of healthy trees beginning sporadically in the 1940s and consistently from 1974 to 2001. During the early years of decline, the year-by-year separation in ring width between the two categories was significantly positively related to precipitation levels. This suggested that in wet years, declined trees may have been surrounded by unfavorable water-logged soils, possibly as a result of natural drainage patterns being impeded by urban development.
Friction Coefficients for Arborist Ropes Passing Through Cambium Saver Rings
Authors: Kane Brian C.
Published: January 2022

Friction is important in tree care operations; climbers encounter friction when ascending into, working in, and descending out of a tree. Twelve commonly used climbing ropes were tested on cambium saver rings made of three different materials to determine rope on ring static and kinetic friction coefficients. All ropes were tested before any field use. In addition, two ropes were tested after they had been used in the field for 2 years and were evaluated to determine the effect of rope wear on friction. Friction coefficients varied among ropes and ring materials, and surface roughness of ring material was the best predictor of friction coefficient. Used ropes exhibited higher friction coefficients than new ropes and, in most cases, superseded the influence of surface roughness of cambium saver rings. Simple physical models were developed to illustrate how friction coefficients can affect different aspects of tree climbing. There are important implications of these results for further studies on rope friction as it relates to reducing climber fatigue.
The Potential Economic Impacts of Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis) on Ohio, U.S., Communities
Authors: Sydnor T. Davis , Bumgardner Matthew , Todd Andrew
Published: January 2022

A survey of 200 communities with individuals such as urban foresters who have assigned responsibilities for their urban tree resource was conducted to provide baseline data on ash density within Ohio communities. Sixty-seven communities responded, including the five largest cities in Ohio. Data represent 25% of the population of Ohio and 33% of communities surveyed. Losses in landscape value for ash trees within community boundaries were estimated to be between $0.8 (median-based) and $3.4 billion (mean-based) assuming the complete loss of ash resulting from the emerald ash borer (EAB), a recently introduced exotic pest of native ash species in the United States. Tree removal costs would be somewhat smaller and range between $0.7 and $2.9 billion based on reported medians and means, respectively. Tree replacement costs in Ohio communities, including streets, parks, and private properties, would range between $0.3 and $1.3 billion. In aggregate, the total losses for Ohio communities, including ash landscape losses, tree removal and replacements, are estimated to range between $1.8 and $7.6 billion for a single insect pest in a single state. The potential total costs in Ohio are estimated to be between $157,000 and $665,000 per 1000 residents. Communities can use these figures to begin developing contingency plans.
Below-Grade Planting Adversely Affects Survival and Growth of Tree Species from Five Different Families
Authors: Arnold Michael A. , McDonald Garry V. , Bryan Donita L. , Denny Geoffrey C. , Watson W. Todd , Lombardini Leonardo
Published: January 2022

Adverse impacts of planting the root collar or main structural roots below grade on survival and growth were demonstrated for five species of container-grown trees from genetically diverse families. Adverse effects were demonstrated when root collars were located as little as 7.6 cm (3 in) below grade on all taxa tested, but severity of the responses varied among taxa. These responses were confirmed for both seed-propagated species,Fraxinus pennsylvanicaMarsh. (green ash, family Oleaceae Hoffmansegg & Link) andPlatanus occidentalisL. (sycamore, family Platanaceae Dumort.) as well as cutting-propagated taxa,Lagerstroemia indicaL. ×Lagerstroemia faurieiKoehne. ‘Basham’s Party Pink’ (crapemyrtle, family Lythraceae St.-Hilaire),Nerium oleanderL. ‘Cranberry Cooler’ (oleander, family Apocynaceae Juss.), andVitex agnus-castusL. ‘LeCompte’ (vitex, family Verbenaceae St.-Hilaire). In some cases, planting above grade by 7.6 cm (3 in) improved growth of plants over that of those planted either at or below grade. This effect was pronounced with sycamore and oleander.
Hurricanes and the Urban Forest: I. Effects on Southeastern United States Coastal Plain Tree Species
Authors: Duryea Mary , Kampf Eliana , Littell Ramon
Published: January 2022

Several hurricanes struck Florida, U.S. in 2004 and 2005 causing widespread damage to urban and rural areas. We measured the impacts of five of these hurricanes on the urban forest and combined these results with four other hurricanes to present an assessment of wind resistance for southeastern United States coastal plain tree species. Urban forest loss was positively correlated with wind speed. Tree species demonstrating the highest survival in winds were sand live oak (Quercus geminata), American holly (Ilex opaca), southern magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora), live oak (Quercus virginiana), wax myrtle (Myrica cerifera), sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), crapemyrtle (Lagerstroemia indica), dogwood (Cornus florida), and sabal palm (Sabal palmetto). In a statistical comparison of sand live oak, live oak, and laurel oak (Quercus laurifolia) survival after four panhandle hurricanes, laurel oak had significantly poorer survival than both live oak and sand live oak. Among all species, larger trees lost more branches than medium and smaller trees. Leaf loss had a positive relationship with survival; losing leaves during the hurricane meant higher survival. Trees growing in groups or clusters had greater survival than those growing as individual trees. Tree species with higher wood density had greater survival. Tree species categorized as having dense crowns lost more branches than those with moderate and open crowns; however, contrary to the literature, dense-crowned species survived best. A survey of arborists, scientists, and urban foresters ranked species for their wind resistance. Using our results from hurricane measurements and incorporating results from the survey and the scientific literature, we have developed lists of relative wind resistance for tree species in the southeastern coastal plain. These lists should be used with caution with the knowledge that no species and no tree is completely windproof. In addition, local considerations such as soil, cultural practices, tree age and health, and other urban forest conditions need to be taken into account.
Callery Pear Cultivars Tested As Street Trees: Final Report on a 12-year Study
Authors: Gerhold Henry
Published: January 2022

Cooperators in the Municipal Tree Restoration Program planted nine Callery pear (Pyrus calleryana Decne.) cultivars in 11 Pennsylvania, U.S. communities for evaluation as street trees, comparing two cultivars (three in one case) in each community. Cooperators measured them annually with standardized methods for 3 years and then at 3-year intervals until the 12th year. The most noteworthy differences occurred in tree height and crown width. The tallest were Aristocrat™, ‘Cleveland Select’, and ‘Redspire’, attaining more than 8 m (26 ft) on average by the twelfth year and even 10.3 m (34 ft) in one community. ‘Autumn Blaze’, evaluated only at one location, was ≈1.5 to 2 m (5 to 6.6 ft) shorter in the 12th year. Heights of the other cultivars, tested at just one or two locations, were similar to the tallest ones. Crown widths differed more in the first 9 years than at the twelfth when on average most were ≈6.5 m (21.5 ft) wide. Cleveland Pride ®, ‘Cleveland Select’, Valiant ®, and ‘Whitehouse’ were narrower than the others until the ninth year, but only ‘Cleveland Select’ at ≈5.6 m (18.5 ft) remained narrower in the twelfth year and not everywhere. All cultivars were in good health during the whole period, although the foliage of ‘Whitehouse’ exhibited minor injuries in many years. As street trees, the Callery pears were not invasive and did not yet experience branch breakage, which can become a serious problem. All of the cultivars are too tall to be planted under utility wires.
Crabapple Cultivars Tested As Street Trees: Third Report
Authors: Gerhold Henry
Published: January 2022

Through the Municipal Tree Restoration Program, cooperators planted 22 crabapple (Malus) cultivars in 31 communities for evaluation as street trees, typically comparing two in each community. Standardized measurements in years 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12 revealed differences in height, crown width, and foliage health. These are useful for selecting the most appropriate cultivars for various site conditions. Only the tallest cultivars, ‘Spring Snow’ and ‘Red Barron’, have reached an average height of 6.5 to 6.7 m (21.5 to 22 ft) in 12 years, which is still below most electric distribution lines. Yearly growth patterns varied somewhat among locations and cultivars. The rate of height growth of most cultivars has been declining during years 9 to 12, and in many cases appears to be leveling off at heights between 4 and 6 m (13.2 and 19.8 ft). Red Jewel®, Sugar Tyme®, and Centurion® have narrower crowns, whereas others are still enlarging. Foliage health remained good to excellent throughout the summer on all but seven of the cultivars, and even these retained more than half of their leaves in good condition.
Knowledge of and Attitudes About Utility Pruning and How Education Can Help
Authors: Kuhns Michael , Reiter Douglas
Published: January 2022

A survey was conducted in six cities in the western United States whose electric utilities practice directional pruning for line clearance. Recipients’ knowledge of and attitudes about tree care practices and issues, utility pruning, directional pruning for line clearance, and effects of a simple brochure about utility pruning were determined. Respondents cared a great deal about landscape trees but had not thought much about utility pruning. They felt that utility pruners care most about keeping lines clear but care less about the trees, that companies are poor at explaining pruning to the public, and slightly disagree that large trees should be removed and replaced with small trees under lines. Those who had thought a lot about utility pruning were less trusting of those who do the pruning. The brochure increased trust of utility pruning personnel and the perception that they care about trees and greatly increased agreement that those personnel are highly trained professionals. Preference for topping over directional pruning was reduced by receiving a brochure, although topping still was preferred. Most supported line burial and were willing to pay higher rates for burial. Several recommendations are suggested for utilities and researchers, including the need for utilities placing an increased emphasis on communication with the public regarding these matters.
A Field Key to Identify Common Wood Decay Fungal Species on Standing Trees
Authors: Gonthier Paolo , Nicolotti Giovanni
Published: January 2022

A field key to species is presented for the most important and widespread European wood-rotting basidiomycetes on standing trees. Sixty-four fungal taxa belonging to 36 genera and 17 families of Agaricales, Hymenochaetales, Polyporales, and Russulales are included in the key, which was mostly based on macroscopic features of the basidiomata. The key was validated in the field and allowed for easy recognition of wood decay fungi.
Use of Water by Eastern Hemlock: Implications for Systemic Insecticide Application
Authors: Ford Chelcy , Vose James , Daley Michael , Phillips Nathan
Published: January 2022

The hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA; Adelges tsugae Annand) is causing widespread decline and mortality of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.) throughout most of the range of eastern hemlock. Stem injection of insecticide is widely used as a chemical control measure, but the effectiveness of this method depends on the hydraulic characteristics of individual trees. We present data quantifying the distribution of water flux within the stems and the seasonal variability of daily water use of eastern hemlock trees growing in New England, U.S. and the southern Appalachians. We provide simple mathematical and graphical models derived from these data that can be used by landowners, natural resource managers, and tree care specialists to estimate the amount and timing of water use by eastern hemlock based on tree size and climatic conditions. We anticipate that the data and models presented will be useful in improving the effectiveness and efficiency of systemic insecticide applications.
Effects of Soil Decompaction and Amendment on Root Growth and Architecture in Red Maple ( Acer rubrum)
Authors: Hascher William , Wells Christina
Published: January 2022

The Terravent TMsoil injection device (Pinnacle Concepts, Ltd., Cornwall, UK) uses compressed nitrogen gas to fracture compacted soil and permits the subsequent injection of liquid amendments. In the current study, we measured fine root growth and architecture in soil that had received one of four treatments: 1) Terravent injections, 2) Terravent injections followed by liquid amendment (MycorTree® Injectable; PHC, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.), 3) addition of amendment only, and 4) an untreated control. The experiment was conducted on ten red maples (Acer rubrum) growing on a moderately compacted urban clay soil next to a busy road on the Clemson University campus. Treatments were applied in April 2002. Seven weeks later, soil cores were pulled from locations adjacent to the injection sites, and fine roots (less than 2 mm [0.08 in] in diameter) from each core were washed free of soil. A variety of root parameters were measured, including length, surface area, diameter distribution, and mass. Terravent treatment had no effect on any root parameters measured. Application of MycorTree was associated with small, statistically significant reductions in root diameter, root mass density (mg root/cm 3soil), and root surface area density (cm 2root/cm 3soil).
Desenho do mecanismo para gestão por resultado no sistema socioeducativo: Problema de agente-principal
Authors: Dantas Regis Façanha
Published: January 2022

Construir um conjunto de instrumentos de gestão em prol de um desempenho eficiente é o objetivo principal desse trabalho. A partir da percepção de problemas de agente-principal, define-se um modelo de política de consequência através do desenho de mecanismo compatível via premiação por resultados através de metas e indicadores estratégicos. Provoca-se com externalidade positiva, a elaboração de um conjunto de ações, operacionais e de gestão, em um mecanismo com informações a priori para tomada de decisão. Destaque-se que a utilização de remuneração variável para realização de metas pré-estabelecidas constitui um avanço na gestão do sistema socioeducativo. A realidade mostra que toda a problemática do sistema socioeducativo requer não apenas aumentos em investimentos, mas de qualidade de gestão. Neste contexto, este trabalho procurou demonstrar um modelo de governança por resultado, verificando cada aspecto dos indicadores estratégicos, com uso de algoritmos matemáticos, além de teorias sobre motivação, remuneração e política de consequência.
Análise do desempenho do retorno das ações ordinárias de empresas do setor do agronegócio em cenários econômicos adversos
Authors: Santos José Odálio dos , Santos Fernando Almeida , Volpato Luis Antonio , Volpato Bruno Luis
Published: January 2022

O agronegócio brasileiro tem apresentado histórico de geração contínua de superávits comerciais, mesmo em cenários econômicos adversos. Para avaliar se empresas de referência do setor também apresentaram resultados favoráveis em cenários de recessão, sem a ocorrência de retornos anormais, verificou-se se, dentro de um conjunto fatores selecionados para explicar o retorno das ações ordinárias da BrasilAgro e SLC Agrícola, seriam validadas estatisticamente, variáveis que, em parte, capturariam o desempenho do cenário econômico brasileiro: o PIB e o EMBI Brasil. Foram utilizadas as metodologias de painel de dados e estudos de eventos. O período analisado compreende 2015 a 2020, caracterizado por crises econômicas e deflagração da pandemia Covid-19. Verificou-se uma relação contrária entre o retorno das ações ordinárias e o PIB e o EMBI, evidenciando que o desempenho de empresas do setor tende a não ser afetado significativamente, dada a natureza não-cíclica e de alta rotatividade de parte dos produtos comercializados.
Implementasi Kebijakan Nasional Kunjungan Masa Nifas Pada Praktik Mandiri Bidan Hj. Norhidayati Banjarmasin
Authors: Novembriany Yerika Elok
Published: January 2022

Abstrak

 

Proses kehamilan dan persalinan adalah proses yang fisiologis yang dialami oleh hampir semua wanita, begitu pula masa nifas. Program nasional masa nifas merupakan salah satu upaya pemerintah untuk melakukan deteksi dini infeksi dan komplikasi yang mungkin terjadi dengan cara melakukan kunjungan sebanyak empat kali selama periode masa nifas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui implementasi kebijakan nasional kunjungan nifas di praktik mandiri bidan (PMB) Hj. Norhidayati Metode yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif analitik, menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu nifas yang bersalin di PMB Hj. Norhidayati, Sampel penelitian 53 orang, Teknik pengambilan sampel acsidental. Penelitian dilakukan di PMB Hj. Norhidayati pada bulan Januari –Mei 2021. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Bidan melakukan kunjungan nifas I (6-8 jam PP) dan kunjungan nifas ke II (6 hari PP) kepada semua ibu yang bersalin di PMB Hj. Norhidayati. Kunjungan nifas ke III (2 minggu PP) dilakukan kepada sebagian besar pasien yaitu yaitu sebanyak 48 pasien (90,57%), sedangkan kunjungan nifas ke IV (6 minggu PP) dilakukan kepada 41 orang pasien (77,36%) yang bersalin di PMB Hj. Norhidayati. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa Bidan telah mengimplementasikan kebijakan nasional kunjungan masa nifas dengan baik. Namun, terdapat beberapa kendala antara lain keterbatasan waktu dan medan yang sulit ditempuh.

 Kata kunci: Bidan, Kebijakan nasional, Kunjungan nifas

Daftar RujukanBahiyatun. 2009. Asuhan Kebidanan Nifas Normal. EGC: Jakarta.Baumali, A. 2009. Pemenuhan Zat Gizi Ibu Nifas dan Budaya Se’l pada Masyarakat Suku Timor Dawan di Kecamatan Molo Selatan Kab upat en    Timor    Ten gah Selatan. Tesis tidak diterbitkan. Yogyakarta: Prodi Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Gajah Mada.Blaxter, L. Hughter, C. & Thigt, M. 2001. How to Re-Search; Seluk Beluk Melakukan Riset. Edisi Kedua. PT. Indeks Kelompok Gramedia: Jakarta.Campbell, K. 2010. PostPartum Doulas: Motivation and Perceptions of Practice, (online), (http//www. elsevier.com/midw), diakses 1 April 2021Mochtar, R. 2002. Sinopsis Obstetri. EGC: Jakarta.Padminingrum, D., Widiyanti, E. 2005. Da sar- Dasa r     K omun ikas i ; (Modul Pembelajaran). UNS: Surakarta. Prawirohardjo, S. 2007. Ilmu Kebidanan. FKUI: Jakarta.Saifudin, A.B. 2002. Buku Panduan Praktis Pelayanan Kesehatan Maternal dan Neonatal. Penerbit Yayasan Bina Pustaka Sarwono Prawirohardjo: Jakarta.Saleha. 2009. Asuhan Kebidanan Pada Masa Nifas. Salemba Medika: Jakarta.Wiknjosastro, H. 2007. Ilmu Kebidanan. Penerbit Yayasan Bina PustakaSarwono Prawirohardjo: Jakarta. Yin, R.K. 2006. Studi Kasus Desain dan Metode. Divisi Buku Perguruan Tinggi. PT Raja Grafindo Persada: Jakarta.
RELENDO "QUARTO DE DESPEJO: DIÁRIO DE UMA FAVELADA" PELA TEORIA BAKHTINIANA
Authors: Sylvestre Daniela Rebello Pereira
Published: January 2022

O artigo versa sobre alguns conceitos da teoria do Círculo de Bakhtin: dialogismo, o outro (alternância dos sujeitos falantes), atitude responsiva e esferas da comunicação. Desenvolveu-se por meio do diálogo entre a análise e exemplificação de trechos do livro "Quarto de despejo: diário de uma favelada" de Carolina Maria de Jesus. Como resultado nos deparamos com a força e potência comunicativa da literatura marginal da autora para pensar a atualidade dos conceitos bakhtinianos. Concluímos ressaltando o vínculo entre a língua e vida, após demonstrar as influências do contexto social, da ideologia dominante e da luta de classes em trechos do livro.
الرَّواسِبُ اللُغَويَّةُ في اللغة العربيَّة
Authors:   جامعة بغداد/ كلية التربية ابن رشد, علي ناصر ايه
Published: January 2022

يسلط هذا البحث الضوء على ظاهرةٍ مهمةٍ في لغتنا العربية وهي الرواسب اللغويّة، التي نعني بها مجموعة مفردات تسقط من الاستعمال فلا يعود الناطقون باللغة يستعملونها، ويحدث في الوقت نفسه أنَّ أفرادًا قليلون يحافظون على الظاهرة ويستعملونها في حياتهم، وهي تُعدُّ من أهم الظواهر التي يجب على الباحثين الاضطلاع بها ودراستها؛ لأنها تدخل في صميم تراثنا اللغويّ الضخم، إذ تحتفظ اللهجات العربية العامية بالكثير من الرواسب اللغويّة، وهذه الظاهرة نجدها في مستويات اللغة جميعها الصوتية والصرفية والنحوية والدلالية، وقد تضمن هذا البحث ثلاثة مباحث، تناولت في الأول منها مصطلحي التأصيل والتأثيل بوصفهما شديدي الارتباط بموضوع البحث، وبيّنت في المبحث الثاني ماهية مصطلحي الرواسب اللغوية والرواكد اللغوية، أما المحور الثالث فقد تناولتُ فيه أمثلة من الرواسب اللغوية الواردة في اللغة العربية.
حذف الحروف عند زكريا الأنصاري في كتابه (فتح الرحمن بكشف ما يلتبس في القرآن
Authors:   قسم اللغة العربية / كلية العلوم الإسلامية / جامعة الفلوجة / الفلوجة العراق, عبد ذياب محمد
Published: January 2022

كتاب (فتح الرحمن بكشف ما يلتبس في القرآن) لزكريا الأنصاري (926ه) وهو كتاب من كتب المتشابهات اللفظية يحاول تلمس التعبير القرآني, والفوارق الدقيقة بين تعبيراته وألفاظه وإذا قرأت كتابه (فتح الرحمن) فإنّك تجده يتتبع ظاهرة الحذف في القرآن الكريم لبيانها, وبيان ما فيها من المزايا والسمات البلاغية, وقد ظهرت عنده مباحث الحذف في كثير من الأبواب, اخترت منها الحذف في الحروف الأحادية كالباء والتاء والفاء وغيرها, والحذف في الحروف غير الأحادية مثل (أنْ) و(قد) و(لا) فجاء البحث على فصلين الأول لحذف الحروف الأحادية, والثاني لحذف الحروف غير الأحادية, تسبقها مباحث تمهيدية تدور حول التعريف اللغوي والاصطلاحي للحذف, وترجمة موجزة للمؤلف, ونبذة مختصرة عن كتابه, ثم الجانب التطبيقي وهو تتبع أقوال الأنصاري في الحذف, في الآيات التي تشتمل على الحذف, معلقاً عليها أصالة من نفسه, أو ناقلاً ممن سبقوه في هذا الجانب, وما جاء في هذا البحث هي المسائل التي تناولها بالحديث في كتابه هذا فقط. الكلمات المفتاحية: الحذف – الحروف – فتح الرحمن – الأنصاري
ضوابط المسح على الخفين
Authors:   أستاذ الفقه المساعد بجامعة تبوك كلية الشريعة والأنظمة قسم الشريعة, بن جاسم الهايس د. حسان
Published: January 2022

موضوع هذا البحث من الموضوعات المهمة، التي تتكرر كثيراً، ويحتاج الناس إلى معرفة حكمه، وقد جعلته في مقدمة وتمهيد وثلاثة مباحث، بيّنت من خلال مباحثه معنى المسح على الخفين، وحكمه، وضوابطه وشروطه، ومدة المسح عليه، مدللاً ومعللاً ومقارناً بين المذاهب الفقهية، ومبيناً الراجح من الأقوال، وقد خلصت إلى عدة أمور أجملها على النحو التالي: ضرورة مراعاة أن يكون الخف طاهراً ظاهراً وباطناً، لأن مسح الخفين بدل عن غسل الرجل، ولابد من الطهارة فيها. أن يكون المسح عن حدث أصغر، لأنه يتكرر، وفي نزع الخف معه حرج ومشقة، بخلاف الجنابة، لا يغلب وجودها ولا يلحقه حرج بنزعه. أن يكون الخف ثخيناً قوياً صحيحاً غير مخرّق، يمكن المشي فيه عادة، وأن يمنع نفوذ الماء إلى الجسد، ويعفى عن اليسير في ذلك. متى تحققت الشروط والضوابط في الخف جاز المسح عليه وإن لم يكن مصنوعاً من الجلد. كون الخف مملوكاً للابسه بصفة شرعية، لا يمنع ذلك صحة المسح عليه. توقيت المسح على الخفين بيوم وليلة للمقيم وثلاثة أيام بلياليها للمسافر، مدة كافية، للبس الخف وخلعه. التركيز على القضايا التي تهم الناس ويحتاجون لمعرفة حكمها، أمر تدعو إليه الحاجة، وتحث عليه الشريعة. إظهار ما تمتاز به شريعتنا الإسلامية، من تخفيف وتيسير ورفع الحرج، وتسهيل القضايا الفقهية، وعرضها بطريقة سهلة، وأسلوب سلس.
Expression and distribution of EPHA4 and Ephrin A3 in Aohan fine-wool sheep skin
Authors: Cui Yu , Wang Chunliang , Liu Lirong , Liu Nan , He Jianning
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The objective of this study was to identify the expression and
distribution of EPHA4 and Ephrin A3 genes in the development and morphogenesis of hair
follicles in fine-wool sheep. The results could lay a theoretical basis for
understanding the molecular mechanism that regulates hair follicle
development. The skin of Aohan fine-wool sheep at different developmental
stages (embryonic day 90, E90d, and 120, E120d, and postnatal day 1, B1d,
and 30, B30d) were selected. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry were used to
study the levels of mRNA and proteins, respectively. The RT-qPCR results
showed that the mRNA expression level of EPHA4 at B1d was significantly lower
than at E120d (p<0.01). The expression of Ephrin A3 at E120d was
significantly higher than that at E90d and B1d (p<0.01).
Immunohistochemical detection results showed that the level and localisation
of EPHA4 and Ephrin A3 proteins had spatial and temporal specificity. EPHA4 expression in dermal
papilla cells might be important for inducing Aohan fine-hair follicle
regeneration and for controlling the properties of the hair. Ephrin A3 might play an
important role in the redifferentiation of secondary hair follicles and
might also be involved in the inhibition of apoptosis-related gene
expression in hair follicles. The Ephrin A3 signalling pathway might accelerate the
growth of fine-hair follicles and increase the density of hair follicles.
A Bayesian parametric approach to the retrieval of the atmospheric number size distribution from lidar data
Authors: Sorrentino Alberto , Sannino Alessia , Spinelli Nicola , Piana Michele , Boselli Antonella , Tontodonato Valentino , Castellano Pasquale , Wang Xuan
Published: January 2022

Abstract. We consider the problem of reconstructing the number size distribution (or particle size distribution) in the atmosphere from lidar measurements of the extinction and backscattering coefficients. We assume that the number size distribution can be modeled as a superposition of log-normal distributions, each one defined by three parameters: mode, width and height. We use a Bayesian model and a Monte Carlo algorithm to estimate these parameters. We test the developed method on synthetic data generated by distributions containing one or two modes and perturbed by Gaussian noise as well as on three datasets obtained from AERONET. We show that the proposed algorithm provides good results when the right number of modes is selected. In general, an overestimate of the number of modes provides better results than an underestimate. In all cases, the PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations are reconstructed with tolerable deviations.
Modeling polar marine ecosystem functions guided by bacterial physiological and taxonomic traits
Authors: Kim Hyewon Heather , Bowman Jeff S. , Luo Ya-Wei , Ducklow Hugh W. , Schofield Oscar M. , Steinberg Deborah K. , Doney Scott C.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Heterotrophic marine bacteria utilize organic carbon for growth and biomass synthesis. Thus, their physiological variability is key to the balance
between the production and consumption of organic matter and ultimately particle export in the ocean. Here we investigate a potential link between
bacterial traits and ecosystem functions in the rapidly warming West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) region based on a bacteria-oriented ecosystem
model. Using a data assimilation scheme, we utilize the observations of bacterial groups with different physiological traits to constrain the
group-specific bacterial ecosystem functions in the model. We then examine the association of the modeled bacterial and other key ecosystem
functions with eight recurrent modes representative of different bacterial taxonomic traits. Both taxonomic and physiological traits reflect the
variability in bacterial carbon demand, net primary production, and particle sinking flux. Numerical experiments under perturbed climate conditions
demonstrate a potential shift from low nucleic acid bacteria to high nucleic acid bacteria-dominated communities in the coastal WAP. Our study
suggests that bacterial diversity via different taxonomic and physiological traits can guide the modeling of the polar marine ecosystem functions
under climate change.
Transmissivity and groundwater flow exert a strong influence on drainage density
Authors: Luijendijk Elco
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The extent to which groundwater flow affects drainage density and erosion has long been debated but is still uncertain. Here, I present a new hybrid analytical and numerical model that simulates groundwater flow, overland flow, hillslope erosion and stream incision. The model is used to explore the relation between groundwater flow and the incision and persistence of streams for a set of parameters that represent average humid climate conditions. The results show that transmissivity and groundwater flow exert a strong control on drainage density. High transmissivity results in low drainage density and high incision rates (and vice versa), with drainage density varying roughly linearly with transmissivity. The model evolves by a process that is defined here as groundwater capture, whereby streams with a higher rate of incision draw the water table below neighbouring streams, which subsequently run dry and stop incising. This process is less efficient in models with low transmissivity due to the association between low transmissivity and high water table gradients. A comparison of different parameters shows that drainage density is most sensitive to transmissivity, followed by parameters that govern the initial slope and base level. The results agree with field data that show a negative correlation between transmissivity and drainage density. These results imply that permeability and transmissivity exert a strong control on drainage density, stream incision and landscape evolution. Thus, models of landscape evolution may need to explicitly include groundwater flow.
Using machine learning to predict optimal electromagnetic induction instrument configurations for characterizing the shallow subsurface
Authors: van't Veen Kim Madsen , Ferré Ty Paul Andrew , Iversen Bo Vangsø , Børgesen Christen Duus
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Electromagnetic induction (EMI) is used widely for hydrological and other environmental studies. The apparent electrical conductivity (ECa), which can be mapped efficiently with EMI, correlates with a variety of important soil attributes. EMI instruments exist with several configurations of coil spacing, orientation, and height. There are general, rule-of-thumb guides to choose an optimal instrument configuration for a specific survey. The goal of this study was to provide a robust and efficient way to design this optimization task. In this investigation, we used machine learning (ML) as an efficient tool for interpolating among the results of many forward model runs. Specifically, we generated an ensemble of 100 000 EMI forward models representing the responses of many EMI configurations to a range of three-layer subsurface models. We split the results into training and testing subsets and trained a decision tree (DT) with gradient boosting (GB) to predict the subsurface properties (layer thicknesses and EC values). We further examined the value of prior knowledge that could limit the ranges of some of the soil model parameters. We made use of the intrinsic feature importance measures of machine learning algorithms to identify optimal EMI designs for specific subsurface parameters. The optimal designs identified using this approach agreed with those that are generally recognized as optimal by informed experts for standard survey goals, giving confidence in the ML-based approach. The approach also offered insight that would be difficult, if not impossible, to offer based on rule-of-thumb optimization. We contend that such ML-informed design approaches could be applied broadly to other survey design challenges.
Improved representation of agricultural land use and crop management for large-scale hydrological impact simulation in Africa using SWAT+
Authors: Nkwasa Albert , Chawanda Celray James , Jägermeyr Jonas , van Griensven Ann
Published: January 2022

Abstract. To date, most regional and global hydrological models either
ignore the representation of cropland or consider crop cultivation in a
simplistic way or in abstract terms without any management practices. Yet,
the water balance of cultivated areas is strongly influenced by applied
management practices (e.g. planting, irrigation, fertilization, and harvesting). The SWAT+ (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model represents agricultural land by default in a generic way, where the start of the cropping season is driven by accumulated heat units. However, this approach does not work for tropical and subtropical regions such as sub-Saharan Africa, where crop growth dynamics are mainly controlled by rainfall rather than temperature. In this study, we present an approach on how to incorporate crop phenology using decision tables and global datasets of rainfed and irrigated croplands with the associated cropping calendar and fertilizer applications in a regional SWAT+ model for northeastern Africa. We evaluate the influence of the crop phenology representation on
simulations of leaf area index (LAI) and evapotranspiration (ET) using LAI
remote sensing data from Copernicus Global Land Service (CGLS) and WaPOR (Water Productivity through Open access of
Remotely sensed derived data) ET
data, respectively. Results show that a representation of crop phenology
using global datasets leads to improved temporal patterns of LAI and ET
simulations, especially for regions with a single cropping cycle. However,
for regions with multiple cropping seasons, global phenology datasets need
to be complemented with local data or remote sensing data to capture
additional cropping seasons. In addition, the improvement of the cropping
season also helps to improve soil erosion estimates, as the timing of crop
cover controls erosion rates in the model. With more realistic growing
seasons, soil erosion is largely reduced for most agricultural hydrologic
response units (HRUs), which can be considered as a move towards substantial improvements over previous estimates. We conclude that regional and global hydrological models can benefit from improved representations of crop phenology and the associated management practices. Future work regarding the incorporation of multiple cropping seasons in global phenology data is needed to better represent cropping cycles in areas where they occur using regional to global hydrological models.
Nuclear imaging does not have clear added value in patients with low a priori chance of periprosthetic joint infection. A retrospective single-center experience
Authors: Ottink Karsten D. , Gelderman Stefan J. , Wouthuyzen-Bakker Marjan , Ploegmakers Joris J. W. , Glaudemans Andor W. J. M. , Jutte Paul C.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Background: A low-grade periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) may present without
specific symptoms, and its diagnosis remains a challenge. Three-phase bone scintigraphy (TPBS) and white blood cell (WBC) scintigraphy are
incorporated into recently introduced diagnostic criteria for PJI, but their exact value in diagnosing low-grade PJI in patients with nonspecific
symptoms remains unclear.
Methods:
In this retrospective study, we evaluated patients with a prosthetic joint
of the hip or knee who underwent TPBS and/or WBC scintigraphy between 2009 and 2016 because of nonspecific symptoms. We reviewed and calculated
diagnostic accuracy of the TPBS and/or WBC scintigraphy to diagnose or
exclude PJI. PJI was defined based on multiple cultures obtained during
revision surgery. In patients who did not undergo revision surgery, PJI was
ruled out by clinical follow-up of at least 2 years absent of clinical signs of infection based on MSIS 2011 criteria.
Results:
A total of 373 patients were evaluated, including 340 TPBSs and 142 WBC scintigraphies. Thirteen patients (3.5 %) were diagnosed with a PJI. TPBS sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) were 71 %, 65 %, 8 % and 98 %, respectively. Thirty-five percent of TPBS showed
increased uptake. Stratification for time intervals between the index
arthroplasty and the onset of symptoms did not alter its diagnostic
accuracy. WBC scintigraphy sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 30 %, 90 %, 25 % and 94 %, respectively.
Conclusion:
Nuclear imaging does not have clear added value in patients with low a
priori chance of periprosthetic joint infection.
Development of a seismic site-response zonation map for the Netherlands
Authors: van Ginkel Janneke , Ruigrok Elmer , Stafleu Jan , Herber Rien
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Earthquake site response is an essential part of seismic hazard assessment, especially in densely populated areas. The shallow geology of the Netherlands consists of a very heterogeneous soft sediment cover, which has a strong effect on the amplitude of ground shaking. Even though the Netherlands is a low- to moderate-seismicity area, the seismic risk cannot be neglected, in particular, because shallow induced earthquakes occur. The aim of this study is to establish a nationwide site-response zonation by combining 3D lithostratigraphic models and earthquake and ambient vibration recordings. As a first step, we constrain the parameters (velocity contrast and shear-wave velocity) that are indicative of ground motion amplification in the Groningen area. For this, we compare ambient vibration and earthquake recordings using the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) method, borehole empirical transfer functions (ETFs), and amplification factors (AFs). This enables us to define an empirical relationship between the amplification measured from earthquakes by using the ETF and AF and the amplification estimated from ambient vibrations by using the HVSR. With this, we show that the HVSR can be used as a first proxy for site response. Subsequently, HVSR curves throughout the Netherlands are estimated. The HVSR amplitude characteristics largely coincide with the in situ lithostratigraphic sequences and the presence of a strong velocity contrast in the near surface. Next, sediment profiles representing the Dutch shallow subsurface are categorised into five classes, where each class represents a level of expected amplification. The mean amplification for each class, and its variability, is quantified using 66 sites with measured earthquake amplification (ETF and AF) and 115 sites with HVSR curves. The site-response (amplification) zonation map for the Netherlands is designed by transforming geological 3D grid cell models into the five classes, and an AF is assigned to most of the classes. This site-response assessment, presented on a nationwide scale, is important for a first identification of regions with increased seismic hazard potential, for example at locations with mining or geothermal energy activities.