bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Модели антибиотикорезистентности сальмонелл
Authors: Мендыбаева А. М. , Рыщанова Р. М. , Сеилханова P. O.
Published: October 2021

Устойчивость к противомикробным препаратам является глобальной проблемой не только ветеринарии, но и общественного здравоохранения. Особые опасения вызывают резистентные микроорганизмы, передающиеся через пищевую цепь. Сальмонеллы являются основными возбудителями пищевых инфекций зоонозного происхождения. Настоящее исследование направлено на изучение антибиотикорезистентности бактерий рода Salmonella, выделенных на территории Северного региона Казахстана. Всего было выделено и идентифицировано 137 изолятов сальмонелл, среди которых преобладали серотипы S. enteritidis (52,55 %) и S. typhymurium (22,63 %). Из них 110 изолятов сальмонелл проявляли устойчивость к антибактериальным препаратам, причём 70 % были резистентны к фурадонину (77/110), 65,5 % к тетрациклину (72/110), 52,7 % - к налидиксовой кислоте (58/110). Все изучаемые изоляты были чувствительны к гентамицину. Изоляты сальмонелл обладали высоким уровнем устойчивости к препаратам группы нитрофуранов, являющихся критически важными препаратами по данным Всемирной организации здравоохранения (ВОЗ). Изоляты сальмонелл проявляли множественную резистентность. Большинство сальмонелл были резистентны к 3 и 4 группам антибактериальных препаратов, где наиболее частой моделью антибиотикорезистентности была модель «тетрациклины + фторхинолоны + хинолоны + нитрофураны». Среди выделенных изолятов обнаружено 12 изолятов, обладающих экстремальным уровнем резистентности к антибактериальным препаратам.
Hydroxyapatite cement cranioplasty in the setting of simultaneous translabyrinthine resection of cerebellopontine angle tumors and cochlear implantation
Authors: Conway Robert M. , Tu Nathan C. , Sioshansi Pedrom C. , Bojrab Dennis I. , Jacob Jeffrey T. , Babu Seilesh C.
Published: October 2021

Cochlear implantation (CI) has become an option for the treatment of hearing loss after translabyrinthine resection of vestibular schwannomas. The surgical video presents the case of a 67-year-old male who had translabyrinthine resection of vestibular schwannoma with simultaneous CI and closure with a hydroxyapatite (HA) cement cranioplasty. HA cement cranioplasty can be utilized in place of abdominal fat graft for the closure of translabyrinthine approaches with similar efficacy and complication profile. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case of a simultaneous CI and translabyrinthine resection of vestibular schwannoma with HA cement cranioplasty.

The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2021.7.FOCVID211
Middle cranial fossa approach for acoustic neuroma
Authors: Gidley Paul W. , Passer Joel Z. , Page Joshua C. , DeMonte Franco
Published: October 2021

The middle fossa approach for the resection of small acoustic neuromas is a viable, but underutilized treatment modality with the goal of hearing preservation. The authors aim to demonstrate this approach and its nuances through this video presentation. A 38-year-old man presented with an incidentally discovered small, intracanalicular acoustic neuroma that was initially observed, but growth was noted. The patient had good hearing, and therefore a hearing preservation approach was offered. A gross-total resection was achieved, and the patient maintained good hearing postoperatively. This video demonstrates relevant anatomy, surgical indications, technical aspects of resection, including reconstruction, and postoperative outcomes.

The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2021.7.FOCVID21124
Retrosigmoid approach for giant cystic vestibular schwannoma: subperineural dissection technique for facial nerve preservation
Authors: Tayebi Meybodi Ali , Jyung Robert W. , Liu James K.
Published: October 2021

In this illustrative video, the authors demonstrate retrosigmoid resection of a giant cystic vestibular schwannoma using the subperineural dissection technique to preserve facial nerve function. This thin layer of perineurium arising from the vestibular nerves is used as a protective buffer to shield the facial and cochlear nerves from direct microdissection trauma. A near-total resection was achieved, and the patient had an immediate postoperative House-Brackmann grade I facial nerve function. The operative nuances and pearls of technique for safe cranial nerve and brainstem dissection, as well as the intraoperative decision and technique to leave the least amount of residual adherent tumor, are demonstrated.

The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2021.7.FOCVID21128
Management of jugular bulb injury during retrosigmoid transmeatal resection of vestibular schwannoma
Authors: Constanzo Felipe , de Almeida Teixeira Bernardo Correa , Neto Mauricio Coelho , Ramina Ricardo
Published: October 2021

Inadvertent laceration of the jugular bulb is a potentially serious complication of the retrosigmoid transmeatal approach to vestibular schwannomas. Here, the authors present the case of a 51-year-old woman with a right Hannover T4a vestibular schwannoma and bilateral high-riding jugular bulb, which was opened during drilling of the internal auditory canal (IAC). They highlight the immediate management of this complication, technical nuances for closing the defect without occluding the jugular bulb, and modifications of the standard technique needed to continue surgical resection.

The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2021.7.FOCVID2155
Dorsal displacement of the facial nerve in vestibular schwannoma surgery
Authors: Jung Gustavo S. , Duarte Joel Fernando Sanabria , de Aragão Afonso H. , Vosgerau Ronaldo Pereira , Ramina Ricardo
Published: October 2021

The course of the facial nerve (FN) has been extensively investigated in patients with vestibular schwannomas (VSs). FN running dorsally to the tumor capsule accounts for less than 3% of the cases. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)–based fiber tracking helps to preoperatively identify the FN. During surgery, a higher risk of injury is associated with the dorsal location of the FN. The authors demonstrate the nuances and tricks to identify and preserve a dorsal displaced FN during resection of a large VS, T3b according to the Hannover classification, through the retrosigmoid-transmeatal approach.

The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2021.7.FOCVID2182
Polski model „Klauzuli dobrego samarytanina” – perspektywa karnoprawna.
Authors: Potulski Jacek Tomasz
Published: October 2021

Artykuł omawia nowopowstałą regulację prawną ograniczającą odpowiedzialność karną personelu medycznego związaną z diagnozą i leczeniem COVID-19 – przepis zwany jest również „klauzulą dobrego samarytanina”. Autor analizuje poszczególne znamiona kontratypu i próbuje odnaleźć praktyczne znacznie regulacji. Praca zawiera również postulaty de lege ferenda odnoszące się do poszczególnym znamion czynu oraz do zakresu obowiązywania przepisu.

W toku analizy zastosowano metodę dogmatyczno-językową jako podstawową metodę analizy tekstu prawnego. Artykuł jest jednym z pierwszych przykładów analizy przepisu stąd też odnosi się do regulacji Kodeksu karnego jako płaszczyzny porównawczej.
Epistula Imperatoris Hadriani ad Ephesios. List Cesarza Hadriana do Efezjan
Authors: Tadajczyk Konrad Stanisław
Published: October 2021

Cesarz Hadrian poświęcał dużo uwagi funkcjonowaniu rad miejskich miast greckich. Przedstawiony artykuł zawiera oryginalne teksty cesarskich listów związane z wyborem członków rady miejskiej Efezu. Listy zostały przetłumaczone oraz wyposażone w aparat krytyczny.
Nauka administracji jako subdyscyplina łącząca nauki prawne i nauki o zarządzaniu
Authors: Wrzosek Stanisław
Published: October 2021

Analiza zagadnień związanych z organizacją i funkcjonowaniem administracji publicznej wymaga ujęcia interdyscyplinarnego. Platformą łączącą nauki prawne z naukami o zarządzaniu powinna być w tym zakresie nauka administracji traktowana jako subdyscyplina nauk prawnych. Wiąże się to z genezą nauki administracji. Następuje w niej synteza zagadnień dotyczących kierowania organizacją z zagadnieniami prawnych uwarunkowań procesu administrowania. Podstawowym przedmiotem zainteresowania nauki administracji jest aparat pomocniczy organu administracji publicznej, czyli urząd. W nauce administracji zachodzący w urzędzie proces decyzyjny jest badany z punktu widzenia realizacji przez administrację określonej przez prawo misji.
Influence of the Septuagint on the Typological Interpretation of Joshua and His Deeds in Justin Martyr's "Dialogue with Trypho, the Jew"
Authors: Misiarczyk Leszek
Published: October 2021

The aim of the article is to argue that the typological interpretation of Joshua and his actions in the Dialogue with Trypho, the Jew of Justin the Martyr, was possible only thanks to the hellenized version of the Old Testament known as the Septuagint. In the Introduction it was synthetically recalled that Justin in Dialogue argues with Marcionism and Judaism, and in Part 1 the status of the Septuagint in Judaism and ancient Christianity, as well as his methods of interpreting the Old Testament. In the second part, the author concentrates on the analysis of the relevant fragments of the Dialogue in which there is a typological interpretation of Joshua and his actions. The influence of the Septuagint on Justin's interpretation is manifested in several elements: the name Joshua, in Hebrew יְהוֹשֻעַ, according to the Septuagint, sounds exactly the same as the name of Jesus Christ ̓Ιησοῦς and is the basis for the presentation of Joshua as a type of Christ; the second circumcision of the Israelites by Joshua with stone knives after entering the Promised Land was a type and foreshadowing of the spiritual circumcision of the Gentile heart by Jesus Christ from stones, that is pagan deities and the error of the world; the blood of circumcision at Gilgal was a type of the blood of Christ's; stone knives (μαχαίρας πετρίνας) were a type of the teaching and words of Christ with which he circumcises the hearts of the pagans; the heap of twelve stones was a type of many heathens circumcised from the false polytheism.
Wyobraźnia eschatologiczna. Dialog z antyczną tradycją w I księdze poematu "Crisias" Hilariona z Werony
Authors: Janus Katarzyna Joanna
Published: October 2021

W artykule podjęto próbę filologicznej analizy i interpretacji I księgi eposu Crisias Hilariona z Werony. Wskazano liczne antyczne źródła zarówno z mitologii, jak i historii, które zostały wykorzystane przez pisarza w tworzeniu eschatologicznego imaginarium. Postawiono tezę o zamierzonym przez Hilariona z Werony intertekstualnym charakterze eposu jako swojego rodzaju wyzwaniu dla odbiorcy – kardynała Bessariona. Hilarion z Werony jest mało znanym pisarzem włoskiego quattrocenta, dlatego też w artykule przybliżono środowisko intelektualne, w którym tworzył autor Krysiady. Epos jest zupełnie nieznany w Polsce, prezentowany artykuł może stanowić prolegomena do jego lektury.
Epimenides z Krety w kontekście nowotestamentowym (Tt 1,12; Dz 17,28)
Authors: Lorek Piotr
Published: October 2021

W artykule przybliżona zostaje postać starożytnego mędrca greckiego Epimenidesa z Krety. Przywoływane są wybrane dzieła starożytnej literatury pozabiblijnej odnoszące się do Epimenidesa. Następnie uzyskane dane zestawiane są z dwoma fragmentami nowotestamentowymi (w szczególności z Tt 1,12, a także pokrótce z Dz 17,28). W ten sposób wydobyte zostaje specyficzne wykorzystanie postaci Epimenidesa w biblijnych urywkach. Dostrzec można powoływanie się na autorytet Epimenidesa, jednakże bez uwzględnienia pierwotnego kontekstu jego słów. Ciekawe jest także uchwycenie trudności interpretacyjnych u wybranych komentatorów chrześcijańskich żyjących na przełomie IV i V w. n.e., dostrzegających apologetyczne trudności wynikające z cytowania Epimenidesa w Tt 1,12.
The concept of social and legal responsibility of business: methodological discourse
Authors: Gazizullin Rishat I.
Published: October 2021

The article examines problematic issues related to the social and legal responsibility of business. In particular, the author argues that the concept of social responsibility of business is an ideological construct filled with meanings formed over almost two centuries as a result of scientific reflection on the relationship between business, state and society. An attempt has been made to present this concept as a relatively independent form of knowledge organization. It is emphasized that the trajectories of legal research must meet the needs of not only the state, but also society, the individual, one of which is the need to establish fair principles not only in respect of rights, but also obligations, responsibility to the individual and the state. The desire of law to streamline social relations by means of standardizing the behavior of not only individuals, but also legal entities, demonstrates movement and appeal to the highest moral and ethical categories, one of which is «responsibility».
Parliamentary activity under the COVID-19 emergency: the Italian experience
Authors: Vasilieva Tatiana A.
Published: October 2021

The analysis of the practice of the functioning of the Italian Parliament in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic has made it possible to identify the legal instruments by which the representative body managed to adapt to the new conditions and ensure the implementation of parliamentary procedures without making changes to the Standing Orders of the Chambers, to consider the impact of the continuing emergency regime and lockdown on the implementation of the legislative and oversight of the executive functions of the Parliament, to show what approaches are proposed in the doctrine to solve the identified problems
Actual problems of Administrative and Administrative Procedural Law
Authors: Kaplunov Andrey I.
Published: October 2021

March 26, 2021 in the St. Petersburg University of MIA of Russia held a plenary meeting of the International scientific-practical conference ("Sorokin readings"), which was presented to materials published to the day of the conference the collection and held an exchange of views on the problems of modernization of public administration, Administrative and Administrative Procedural Law, on theoretical and applied problems of improving legislation on administrative offenses and administrative-jurisdictional activities, security and public order, development of the police and other law enforcement activities.
Religion and primitive power in the concept of S. Freud
Authors: Zhukov Vyacheslav N.
Published: October 2021

The article discusses the views of S. Freud on the connection of religion with primitive forms of power. The essence of his concept is revealed, according to which totemism, Judaism and Christianity symbolically reflect the act of parricide committed in the primitive horde. The concept of the neurotic origin of religion proposed by Freud is shown and analyzed. Freud’s ideas about the religious causes of anti-Semitism are given.
Load bearing capacity of thin-walled rectangular and I-shaped steel sections of short both empty and concrete-filled columns
Authors: Bouaricha Amor , Handel Naoual , Boutouta Aziza , Djouimaa Sarah
Published: October 2021

In this experimental work, strength results obtained on short columns subjected to concentric loads are presented. The specimens used in the tests have made of cold-rolled, thin-walled steel. Twenty short columns of the same cross-section area and wall thickness have been tested as follows: 8 empty and 12 filled with ordinary concrete. In the aim to determine the column section geometry with the highest resistance, three different types of cross-sections have been compared: rectangular, I-shaped unreinforced and, reinforced with 100 mm spaced transversal links. The parameters studied are the specimen height and the cross-sectional steel geometry. The registered experimental results have been compared to the ultimate loads intended by Eurocode 3 for empty columns and by Eurocode 4 for compound columns. These results showed that a concrete-filled composite column had improved strength compared to the empty case. Among the three cross-section types, it has been found that I-section reinforced is the most resistant than the other two sections. Moreover, the load capacity and mode of failure have been influenced by the height of the column. Also, it had noted that the experimental strengths of the tested columns don’t agree well with the EC3 and EC4 results.
Enhancement of circular RC columns using steel mesh as internal or external confinement under the influence of axial compression loading
Authors: Emara Mohamed , Rizk Mostafa , Mohamed Heba , Zaghlal Mahmoud
Published: October 2021

Reinforced concrete (RC) columns cannot get supreme confinement by using the customary steel stirrups reinforcement because of the requirements for the spacing distances between the stirrups in addition to concrete continuance trouble. For this, Steel Mesh (SM) externally wrapped around the outer perimeter of the column as contributory confinement are being widely used due to its features. Limited tests focused on using SM for the internal confinement around the reinforcing cage of RC columns. Moreover, no experimental comparison was presented between RC columns internally and externally confined using SM. This paper investigates experimentally the behavior of circular RC columns confined internally or externally by SM. Six short RC columns have been subjected to axial loading until failure. The main studied parameters were SM schemes, number of SM wraps, SM position (internally or externally), and the steel stirrups existence. Results demonstrated that SM could decrease the crack opening, diminish the concrete spalling, increase the maximum failure load, and enhance the ductility, energy absorption, and column stiffness. Furthermore, the partially internal confinement using two wraps of SM around the steel ties presented the maximum capacity with reasonable ductility. In general, internally confined columns showed better behavior than the externally confined one.
Study on Micro - Nano Sized Al2O3 Particles on Mechanical, Wear and Fracture Behavior of Al7075 Metal Matrix Composites
Authors: Ravikumar M. , Reddappa H. N. , Suresh R. , Babu E. R. , Nagaraja C. R.
Published: October 2021

Having Low density and being Light weight with better mechanical properties, aluminum is the most significant material and is universally used in highly critical applications like navy, aerospace and particularly automotive activities. This research work is aimed to investigate the effect of micro and nano boron Al2O3 (Alumina Oxide) to aluminium (Al) on the mechanical and wear properties of the Al composites. The micro - nano composites with 1, 2, 3 and 4 % of Al2O3 particulates in Al are fabricated using stircasting processes. It was found that an increase of Al2O3 both as micro and nano particulates content resulted in an improved hardness, enhanced tensile strength and high wear resistance. However, nano Al2O3 reinforced MMCs have better hardness, improved tensile strength and higher wear resistance as compared with micro sized Al2O3 reinforced MMCs. Grain refinement of composite and nano composite materials as compared with pure Al were observed from the microscopic images. Analysis of wornout surface and tensile fracture surface were studied by SEM analysis to examine the nature of wear and tensile fracture mode of composite samples.
Asymptotic response of friction stir welded joint under cyclic loading
Authors: Elmeguenni Imane
Published: October 2021

Fatigue takes a place more and more important in the design of structures, it remains a key point in the mechanical dimensioning of structures. The Friction Stir Welding (FSW) process is regarded today as the most promising alternative to traditional joining methods. It ranks among the most recent assembly processes and is considered a new technique for the 21st century. Indeed, if the FSW welding process has several advantages, it introduces very strong microstructure heterogeneities in the welded joints. This leads to heterogeneous mechanical behavior in each of the constituent zones. some important efforts have been deployed in industry as well as in research laboratories to understand the behavior of welded joints by the FSW process. There are many questions about the behavior of these areas. This study led to the characterization and understanding of the fatigue behavior of a 2024T351 structure welded by the FSW process. It presente in a numerical work which aims to help determine the asymptotic response of each zone constituting the 2024T351 joint welded by FSW subjected to a cyclic loading and to fully understand the behavior of these zones. To carry out an analysis and a simulation under cyclic loading, our choice fell on the use of the direct cyclic method. Numerical simulation of crack propagation was performed using the extended finite element method XFEM. This research consists in the implementation of the X-FEM in fatigue in a multiscale model X-FEM / direct cyclic. The numerical results consist in highlighting the heterogeneities in the mechanical behavior of the welded joint and in evaluating the impact of the FSW process on the failure of these FSW zones.
Bending cyclic behavior and scatter-band analysis of aluminum alloys under beneficial and detrimental conditions through high-cycle fatigue regime
Authors: Azadi Mohammad , Aroo Hanieh
Published: October 2021

This article presents the bending fatigue behavior and the scatter-band analysis of aluminum alloys under beneficial conditions of nano-clay-particles and heat-treating, compared to detrimental conditions of the mechanical stress and the corrosion. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis was also done on the stress level, the pre-corrosion phenomenon, the addition of nano-particles and applying the heat treatment on the high-cycle bending fatigue lifetime of the aluminum-silicon alloy. For this objective, gravity and stir-casting processes were done for aluminum alloy and nano-clay-composite specimens and then, standard samples were machined from initial casted cylinders. Furthermore, rotary fatigue tests were performed under cyclic bending loadings, through the high-cycle fatigue regime. Some samples were pre-corroded in the sulfuric acid for 200 hours. Based on the sensitivity analysis on experimental data by the Minitab software, the obtained results indicated that the stress level was the effective parameter on the fatigue lifetime. The meaningful regression model was calculated and calibrated on the logarithmic scale of the fatigue lifetime. Then, the second sensitive parameter was demonstrated as the pre-corrosion, which caused a significant degradation of fatigue properties in the material. The last-ranked factor was related to nano-particles for the beneficial effect on the improvement of the high-cycle fatigue lifetime. The scatter-band analysis illustrated that nano-particles and heat-treating changed the scattering behavior of experimental data.
Evaluating structural safety of trusses using Machine Learning
Authors: Nguyen Tran-Hieu , Vu Anh-Tuan
Published: October 2021

In this paper, a machine learning-based framework is developed to quickly evaluate the structural safety of trusses. Three numerical examples of a 10-bar truss, a 25-bar truss, and a 47-bar truss are used to illustrate the proposed framework. Firstly, several truss cases with different cross-sectional areas are generated by employing the Latin Hypercube Sampling method. Stresses inside truss members as well as displacements of nodes are determined through finite element analyses and obtained values are compared with design constraints. According to the constraint verification, the safety state is assigned as safe or unsafe. Members’ sectional areas and the safety state are stored as the inputs and outputs of the training dataset, respectively. Three popular machine learning classifiers including Support Vector Machine, Deep Neural Network, and Adaptive Boosting are used for evaluating the safety of structures. The comparison is conducted based on two metrics: the accuracy and the area under the ROC curve. For the two first examples, three classifiers get more than 90% of accuracy. For the 47-bar truss, the accuracies of the Support Vector Machine model and the Deep Neural Network model are lower than 70% but the Adaptive Boosting model still retains the high accuracy of approximately 98%. In terms of the area under the ROC curve, the comparative results are similar. Overall, the Adaptive Boosting model outperforms the remaining models. In addition, an investigation is carried out to show the influence of the parameters on the performance of the Adaptive Boosting model.
A Study on $f$-Rectifying Curves in Euclidean $n$-Space
Authors: IQBAL Zafar , SENGUPTA Joydeep
Published: October 2021

A rectifying curve in the Euclidean $n$-space $\mathbb{E}^n$ is defined as an arc-length parametrized curve $\gamma$ in $\mathbb{E}^n$ such that its position vector always lies in its rectifying space (i.e., the orthogonal complement of its principal normal vector field) in $\mathbb{E}^n$. In this paper, in analogy to this, we introduce the notion of an $f$-rectifying curve in $\mathbb{E}^n$ as a curve $\gamma$ in $\mathbb{E}^n$ parametrized by its arc-length $s$ such that its $f$-position vector field $\gamma_f$, defined by $\gamma_f(s) = \int f(s) d\gamma$, always lies in its rectifying space in $\mathbb{E}^n$, where $f$ is a nowhere vanishing real-valued integrable function in parameter $s$. The main purpose is to characterize and classify such curves in $\mathbb{E}^n$.
Treatment of back pain in active axial spondyloarthritis with serial locoregional water-filtered infrared A radiation: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Klemm Philipp , Aykara Iris , Eichelmann Markus , Neumann Elena , Frommer Klaus , Lange Uwe
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is an inflammatory rheumatic disease primarily affecting the axial skeleton. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the short-term effects of locoregional water-filtered infrared A radiation (sl-wIRAR) in the treatment of lower back pain in patients with axSpA. METHODS: Patients with active axSpA with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) therapy undergoing a 7-day multimodal rheumatologic complex treatment in an in-patient setting were eligible. Patients were randomly assigned to the intervention group (IG) receiving sl-wIRAR treatment of the back (2 treatments/day for 30 min each for 6 days) or to the control group (CG) receiving no treatment. Primary outcome was a between-group difference in pain after sl-wIRAR therapy measured on a numeric rating scale (NRS) (0 = no pain, 10 = worst pain). Secondary outcomes included an assessment of i) the onset and development of analgesic effects and an evaluation of whether sl-wIRAR ii) improved axSpA-specific well-being and iii) influenced serum cytokine levels. RESULTS: Seventy-one patients were enrolled, completed the trial and were analyzed (IG: 36 patients, CG: 35 patients). In the IG, there was a statistically significant change (p< 0.0005) in pain level [NRS] (1.6 ± 1.9 [5; 2]) from baseline (4.1 ± 2.4 [0; 8]) to trial completion (2.6 ± 2.0 [0; 7]) and a significant difference to the CG (p= 0.006). In the IG there was a significant improvement in axSpA-specific well-being (BAS-G) (p= 0.006). A physiologically relevant change in serum cytokine levels could not be observed. CONCLUSION: sl-wIRAR treatment can be useful in the treatment of patients with active axSpA as it leads to a rapid reduction of pain.
Parametric Schedulability Analysis of a Launcher Flight Control System under Reactivity Constraints*
Authors: André Étienne , Coquard Emmanuel , Fribourg Laurent , Jerray Jawher , Lesens David
Published: October 2021

The next generation of space systems will have to achieve more and more complex missions. In order to master the development cost and duration of such systems, an alternative to a manual design is to automatically synthesize the main parameters of the system. In this paper, we present an approach for the specific case of the scheduling of the flight control of a space launcher. The approach requires two successive steps: (1) the formalization of the problem to be solved in a parametric formal model and (2) the synthesis of the model parameters with a tool. We first describe the problem of the scheduling of a launcher flight control, then we show how this problem can be formalized with parametric stopwatch automata; we then present the results computed by the parametric timed model checker IMITATOR. We enhance our model by taking into consideration the time for switching context, and we compare the results to those obtained by other tools classically used in scheduling.
Parametric Analyses of Attack-fault Trees*
Authors: André Étienne , Lime Didier , Ramparison Mathias , Stoelinga Mariëlle
Published: October 2021

Risk assessment of cyber-physical systems, such as power plants, connected devices and IT-infrastructures has always been challenging: safety (i. e., absence of unintentional failures) and security (i. e., no disruptions due to attackers) are conditions that must be guaranteed. One of the traditional tools used to consider these problems is attack trees, a tree-based formalism inspired by fault trees, a well-known formalism used in safety engineering. In this paper we define and implement the translation of attack-fault trees (AFTs) to a new extension of timed automata, called parametric weighted timed automata. This allows us to parameterize constants such as time and discrete costs in an AFT and then, using the model-checker IMITATOR, to compute the set of parameter values such that a successful attack is possible. Moreover, we add the possibility to define counter-measures. Using the different sets of parameter values computed, different attack and fault scenarios can be deduced depending on the budget, time or computation power of the attacker, providing helpful data to select the most efficient counter-measure.
Synthesis method of strategy for multi-robot systems from local automatons under probabilistic model checking
Authors: Huang Yuchong , Xu Ning , Wang Nan , Li Jie
Published: October 2021

Through innovatively introducing the receding horizon into probabilistic model checking, an online strategy synthesis method for multi-robot systems from local automatons is proposed to complete complex tasks that are assigned to each robot. Firstly, each robot is modeled as a Markov decision process which models both probabilistic and nondeterministic behavior. Secondly, the task specification of each robot is expressed as a linear temporal logic formula. For some tasks that robots cannot complete by themselves, the collaboration requirements take the form of atomic proposition into the LTL specifications. And the LTL specifications are transformed to deterministic rabin automatons over which a task progression metric is defined to determine the local goal states in the finite-horizon product systems. Thirdly, two horizons are set to determine the running steps in automatons and MDPs. By dynamically building local finite-horizon product systems, the collaboration strategies are synthesized iteratively for each robot to satisfy the task specifications with maximum probability. Finally, through simulation experiments in an indoor environment, the results show that the method can synthesize correct strategies online for multi-robot systems which has no restriction on the LTL operators and reduce the computational burden brought by the automaton-based approach.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PLACENTAL GROWTH RATES AND THE BIRTH WEIGHT IN DICHORIONIC DIAMNIOTIC TWINS
Authors: Tepla I.V.
Published: October 2021

Relevance. Birth weight is one of the main indicators of intrauterine fetal development. The condition of the placenta reflects the influence of the maternal environment on the fetus. It is important to find out which placental growth parameters significantly affect the mass of dichorionic diamniotic (DHDA) twins.

Objective: to investigate the relationship between indicators of placental growth and birth weight of dichorionic diamniotic twins.

Materials and methods. One hundred thirty-five DCDA twin pairs were studied during 2016-2020: 68 pairs were opposite-sex, 32 – same-sex females and 35 – same-sex males. The gestational age ranged from 29 to 39.5 weeks, averaging 36,4 ± V1,74 weeks. The influence of such parameters as maximum and minimum placental diameters, as well as perimeter, area, circularity (Circ), roundness, thickness, mass (PM), volume (V), displacement of the umbilical cord insertion site from the placental disc centre along its maximum (XCD) and the minimum axis (YCD).

Results. A strong positive correlation was found between PM and birth weight in the whole cohort of DCDA twins (r = 0.7059, p < 0.0001). It was strongest in the same-sex female group (r = 0.7886, p < 0.0001), then in the opposite-sex pairs (r = 0.7093, p < 0.0001), slightly weaker – in the same-sex male couples (r = 0.6065, p < 0.0001). The birth weight and PM correlated with almost all indicators that characterize the placental shape. The strongest correlation was with V (rV_BW = 0.66, p < 0.0001; rV_PM = 0.59, p < 0.0001) and the area*Circ (rS*Circ_BW = 0.64; p < 0.0001; rS*Circ_PM = 0.62; p < 0.0001). The multiple regression analysis of the effect of different morphometric parameters of the placentas on the birth weight has demonstrated the statistical significance of the following parameters: XCD, PM, V, YCD and Circ. The general regression model for the whole DCDA group: birth weight = 2242,3 + 0,8*МП + V – 10,0* XCD (R2 = 0,7002). Similar equations were calculated for different types of DCDA tweens. Thus, morphometric measures account for the 67-85% variances of the birth weight of the DCDA tweens.

Conclusion. In the DCDA pairs, placental mass strongly positively correlated with birth weight. Both indicators are in strong relationship with V and their area*Circ. The closer the placental shape is to the circle, the higher its functional ability. Deterioration of the latter may be due to the far fixation of the umbilical cord from the center of the placental disc. The displacement along the maximum axis has a stronger impact comparing to the displacement relative to the minimum axis. The multiple regression analysis has revealed that statistical significance had XCD and PM or V in the whole types of twins. Proposed models demonstrate that 67-85% of the variability of birth weight may be accounted for by the three or four simple placental measures
Association of lipoprotein lipase expression with TP53 gene polymorphisms in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells
Authors: Abramenko I. , Bilous N. , Chumak A. , Dyagil I. , Martina Z.
Published: October 2021

Summary. Background: Expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) correlates with unmutated (UM) status of the variable region of the heavy chain of immunoglobulin (IGHV) genes, but the expression level of LPL in UM chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cases varies significantly. Aim: To study the association of LPL expression with the genetic variants of the TP53 gene since both genes are involved in lipid metabolism. Materials and Methods: Expression of LPL mRNA was measured in peripheral blood mononuclears of 45 CLL patients with UM IGHV genes by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Mutational status of IGHV genes and TP53 genotyping (rs1042522, rs1642785, rs17883323, rs2909430, rs145153611, rs113530090, rs12947788, rs12951053, and rs17878362) were performed by polymerase chain reaction amplification followed by direct sequencing. Results: Observed CLL patients were divided on groups with low (11.17 ± 2.66) and high (275.48 ± 39.37) LPL expression. In CLL patients with UM IGHV genes and low LPL expression we found an increased frequency of rs1042522 G (p = 0.0036), rs1642785 C (p = 0.0001), and rs17878362A2 alleles (p = 0.0091). The possible functional significance of these changes is discussed. Conclusion: Some polymorphic variants of TP53 may be genetic modifiers for LPL expression level in CLL leukemic B-cells. Further research is required in a larger cohort to confirm these findings.
Oxamate, an inhibitor of lactate dehydrogenase, can stimulate M2 polarization of peritoneal macrophages in mice with Lewis lung carcinoma
Authors: Solyanik G.I. , Karaman O.M. , Yakshibaeva Y.R. , Pyaskovskaya O.N. , Kolesnyk D.L.
Published: October 2021

Summary. Background: Inhibition of aerobic glycolysis of cancer cells is considered a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of neoplasms. Some inhibitors of energy metabolism can affect not only tumor cells but also the functional polarization of tumor-associated macrophages, which may either enhance the antitumor effect of such agents or impair their antitumor efficacy. Aim: To investigate the effect of oxamate, a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) inhibitor, on the polarization of peritoneal macrophages (PMP) in both intact mice and mice with transplanted Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC). Materials and Methods: The low-metastatic LLC variant, LLC/R9, was transplanted to female C57Bl/6 mice. Sodium oxamate was used as the test agent at concentrations of 0.02, 0.2, and 2 mg/ml. Macrophage polarization in tumor-bearing mice was estimated on day 23 after tumor transplantation by assessing nitric oxide (NO) production and arginase activity as functional indices of PMPs polarization. Results: Oxamate can affect the functional polarization of PMPs in both intact mice and animals with transplanted LLC/R9. Oxamate in all studied concentrations changed the markers of PMPs polarization in intact mice (decreasing NO levels and activating arginase activity) that indicated the stimulation of M2 polarization. In tumor-bearing animals, stimulation of M2 polarization is observed at low concentrations of oxamate (0.02 mg/ml), but its high concentrations (2.0 mg/ml) causes M1 polarization, which is characterized by three-fold increase in the level of NO and a decrease in the level of arginase activity. Conclusion: Oxamate, an inhibitor of LDH, can stimulate M2 polarization of peritoneal macrophages of mice bearing LLC in a dose-dependent manner.
Influence of bacterial lectin on key regulatory links of functional activity of macrophages in mice with Ehrlich carcinoma
Authors: Chumak A.V. , Fedosova N.I. , Shcherbina V.M. , Cheremshenko N.L. , Karaman O.M. , Chekhun V.F.
Published: October 2021

Summary. Background: Recent studies have shown the potential of using different approaches for immunotherapy in cancer treatment. Macrophages (Mph) are one of the promising targets for immunotherapy. Aim: To investigate changes in the functional activity of Mph in mice with Ehrlich carcinoma by nitric oxide (NO)/arginase (Arg), IRF4/IRF5 and STAT1/STAT6 ratios caused by administration of lectin from B. subtilis IMV-7724. Materials and Methods: From the 2nd day after Ehrlich carcinoma inoculation into female Balb/c mice, lectin from B. subtilis IMV B-7724 (0.02 mg/mouse) was administered for 10 days. The peritoneal Mph were isolated on days 14, 21, and 28 after tumor transplantation and their functional state (NO production, Arg activity and cytotoxic activity) was examined. The levels of mRNA expression of transcription factors STAT-1, STAT-6, IRF5, IRF4 were evaluated. Results: In lectin-treated animals with Ehrlich carcinoma, the functional state of Mph (NO/Arg ratio, index of cytotoxic activity) was maintained at the level of intact mice exceeding the values in untreated animals with Ehrlich carcinoma at late terms of tumor growth (21, 28 days). Analysis of mRNA expression levels of transcription factors in these animals showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the ratio of STAT1/STAT6 on the day 21 and IRF5/IRF4 on day 28 of tumor growth compared to that in untreated mice. Conclusions: Administration of lectin from B. subtilis IMV B-7724 to mice with Ehrlich carcinoma led to the prevalence of Mph exhibiting the functional properties of M1 type at late-term tumor growth. The transcription factors of the STAT and IRF signaling pathways are involved in the process of Mph polarization induced by lectin from B. subtilis IMV B-7724.
The importance of Alisher Navoi’s work «Muhakamatul-lugatayn»in the field of Turkic studies
Authors:   M.O. Auezov Institute of Literature and Arts, Qydyr Torali
Published: October 2021

The works of Alisher Navoi take a special place in the literature of the Turkic peoples. The poet, who wrote a lot in his time, is distinguished by the fact that he first introduced the tradition of «Khamsa» among the Turkic peoples. His literary, historical, linguistic and memoir works had a great influence on the work of later poets. One of these works is «Muhakamatul-lugatain» («Opinion on two languages»). Having studied the grammatical features and poetic power of both languages, Navoi scientifically substantiated in this work that the Turkic literary language is in no way inferior to Persian. Using specific examples, he revealed the rich vocabulary of the Turkic literary language. In particular, he mentioned one hundred verbs that are not found in Persian and gave some examples in verses. Most of the ancient terms found in this work are widely used in the modern Kazakh language. In this article, the author reveals the significance of Navoi’s work «Mukhakamatul-lughatayn» in the field of Turkology. He also spoke briefly about the extant manuscripts of this work and focused on the specifics of these versions. The author also shared his thoughts on the first publications and subsequent studies of this work. The subject of the study is the Fatih manuscript, the specifics of the use of some Turkic words are given on specific examples. Some of the questions raised in this work of Navoi, written in the Middle Ages in parallel in two languages (zul-lisain), have not lost their relevance today. In the Middle Ages, Arabic, Persian and Turkic languages competed with each other, and in the era of globalization, the scope of application of English, Russian and Kazakh languages in Kazakh society is growing again. This indicates the relevance of studying the work of Navoi.
Continuity of the Kazakh language with the language of the runic inscriptions
Authors:   A. Baitursynuly Institute of Linguistics,, Aytkaliqyzy Mankeeva Zhamal
Published: October 2021

Today, when the Republic of Kazakhstan at the turn of the century gained independence, the generalization of all historical and spiritual knowledge and their use for the good of the country is necessary for the formation and development of national consciousness. In this context, the language of the runic inscriptions as a source reflects the mentality of the ancient world and the archetypes of the historical evolution of the linguistic units of the Turkic languages. Consequently, the ancient linguistic data reveal the continuity of their historical development, the successive connection of the system of ancient Turkic languages with the system of modern Turkic languages, incl. modern Kazakh language. The above is confirmed by the results of scientific research of G. Aydarov, Doctor of Philology, professor, runologist, who managed to penetrate into the secrets of ancient inscriptions carved on stones and establish diachronic connections of ancient Turkic languages with Kypchak Turkic languages, with the Kazakh language and thereby prove, that the Kazakh language does not belong to the so-called «new» group of languages and that the history of the language is older than the history of the nation.Professor G. Aydarov is one of the first in Kazakh Turkic studies to investigate the heterogeneous linguistic system of the ancient Turkic and ancient Uighur languages, graphic, phonetic-phonological, lexical, morphemic-derivational and grammatical tiers of ancient languages, defining their features and successive ties with modern Turkic languages, including with the Kazakh language. As a confirmation, the author of the article considers the structural ontology of the Turkic word (monosyllabic and other models of the Turkic proto-root), in the study of which G. Aydarov made his invaluable contribution.It should also be noted: the assertion of the author of the article that the followers of G. Aydarov, in the study of the ancient Turkic languages, actively use the anthropocentric approach, which makes it possible to reveal new knowledge about the world and mentality of the ancient Turkic peoples, which are so necessary for understanding the historical development of the Turkic world
Two Turkmens: the father and the son awarded high ranks and awards of Russia and Britain respectively in 1881 and 1918
Authors:   Magtymguly National Institute of Language, Literature and Manuscripts of the Academy of Sciences of Turkmenistan, Soyegov Myradgeldi
Published: October 2021

By reduction and the comparative analysis of the authentic data the inconsistency of the statement of some authors comes to light and, on the contrary, the Turkmens is supported with new data truthful statements of others concerning Dykma-serdar (1825–1882) and his son Oraz-serdar (1871–1919?) during the different periods of a management of them armed forces, namely during heroic defence of a fortress of Geok-tepe and years of Civil war.Article is supplied by corresponding conclusions and the conclusion, following of all research in which position that in that interval of time the course of historical development of all mankind was on the party of opponents of our heroes is fixed, awarding the first every possible successes and a general victory. Disorder of Soviet Union in 1991 and occurrence on a historical scene of fifteen new independent states has appeared the ending of this victorious procession (since 1885 already with participation before won). Because of this historical event of the world value has appeared not only necessary conditions, but also there was a public requirement for an objective estimation of activity of Dykma-serdar and his son Oraz-serdar.
Research on Ultrasonic Testing with Wavelet Packet Analysis for Shotcrete
Authors: Yao Fei , Cao Yimin
Published: October 2021

Shotcrete structures are widely used in tunnel engineering. Quality inspection is difficult, and the traditional ultrasonic testing (UT) method based on first arrival velocity has limitations. In this paper, shotcrete-rock specimens were made in a laboratory and evaluated using UT. Wavelet packet decomposition is introduced for better frequency analysis of the condition evaluation. Two methods, including calculation of the energy eigenvalues and machine learning, are used to describe the contact quality at the interface between the shotcrete and rock. The relative energy eigenvalue increases with the gradual reduction of contact quality, which can become a quantitative index of the contact quality. Machine learning performed well in the rapid recognition of discontinuities in the multiple-classification models. Both methods based on wavelet packet decomposition achieved good results in identifying discontinuities and have the potential to be used in practical engineering applications.