bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MATERIAL AND EXPERIENTIAL RELIGION
Authors: Graham Emma-Jayne
Published: February 2025

In the last twenty-five years there have been so many ‘turns’ in how the ancient world is approached that you could be forgiven for wondering whether research has tended to simply spin on the spot rather than move forwards in any decisive or meaningful direction. Amongst other things, and in no particular order, the discipline of archaeology, for instance, has undergone spatial, embodied, digital, mobility, ecological, material, symmetrical, relational, ontological, sensory, posthuman and cognitive turns. The specific theoretical and methodological concepts that underpin these directions can vary considerably, but collectively they reflect a shared concern to foreground the complexities of different types of matter in interpretations of past worlds. Many, although not all, also share interests in combining those material complexities with perspectives on experiences of embodiment and/or forms of ‘being-in-the-world’. Within ancient religious studies, a re-orientation towards the sensory, embodied and experiential is well evidenced across recent scholarship, where it is accompanied by a significant paradigm shift away from top-down models of so-called ‘polis’ or ‘civic’ religion, which stress the organising principles and socio-political aspects of religion, towards a focus on ancient rituals as ‘lived’. Both trends have simultaneously stimulated the need to pay close and critical attention to the role of materials in generating ancient religion not as a set of shared beliefs or practices, but as a collection of dynamic and situational lived experiences emerging from ancient people's mutually constitutive relationships with the world.
Animal-source foods for nutrition, environment and society: finding a balance
Authors: Nordhagen Stella
Published: February 2025

While malnutrition (including both undernutrition and overweight/obesity and related non-communicable diseases) remains a persistent challenge in countries around the world, it is far from alone as a threat to human development and wellbeing – and is increasingly viewed as intersecting with climate change and environmental degradation. At the crossroads of these issues, animal-source foods (ASFs, including meat, fish, seafood, dairy and eggs) have attracted considerable attention in recent years, both for their role in diets and for their environmental impacts. Heated debate has focused on the potential benefits of reducing consumption of ASFs as well as the potential nutritional risks associated with this. ASF production also plays an important role in livelihoods, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. ASFs are also central to many food cultures and traditions, highly valued by many consumers. As the issues associated with ASFs are intertwined, they must be considered jointly and with nuance. Given wide global ranges in ASF consumption, environmental footprints and malnutrition rates and types, considering equity (in terms of ASF consumption and production) is also critical. This review examines these complex issues, discussing ASFs from the perspectives of nutrition and health, environmental impacts, livelihoods and society, and equity. It also examines potential future options for reducing environmental impacts of ASFs.
Patient perspectives on continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) for diabetes in Malaysia: a vital voice in health technology assessment (HTA) informing decision-making
Authors: Mohamad Nur Farhana , Abdullah Sani Ana Fizalinda , Ahmad Nizam Nurfarah Aqilah , Sze-Shir Foo , Mohamed Ghazali Izzuna Mudla , Sarimin Roza
Published: February 2025

Objective

To integrate patient perspectives into Health Technology Assessment (HTA) by exploring the perceived benefits, barriers, and expectations of diabetes patients and their caregivers in Malaysia regarding the use of CGMS.

Methods

This qualitative study employed focus group discussions (FGDs) with 30 participants, including adults, adolescents, and caregivers managing insulin-requiring diabetes, conducted between May and September 2023 in Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya, Malaysia. Participants were recruited through purposive sampling. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed thematically to capture insights into CGMS benefits, barriers, and expectations.

Results

Participants highlighted CGMS as a transformative tool, offering real-time data, improving glycemic control, and enhancing quality of life by reducing anxiety and the burden of frequent glucose checks. Despite these benefits, significant barriers were identified, including high costs, limited access, technical issues, and social stigma, particularly among adolescents. There was a strong call for government subsidies, better technical support, and healthcare provider training to optimize CGMS use. Patient perspectives were integrated into the HTA alongside systematic reviews and economic evaluations, directly informing policy recommendations, including prioritizing CGMS for high-risk T1DM patients and exploring subsidy frameworks to improve affordability.

Conclusions

Patient perspectives serve as a vital voice in HTA, offering real-world insights that enhance the understanding of CGMS in diabetes management. Addressing financial, technical, and social barriers is crucial to improving CGMS accessibility and usability. By embedding patient perspectives into HTA and strengthening partnerships across healthcare systems, patient perspectives become instrumental in shaping patient-centered policies and informing equitable decision-making on CGMS utilization in Malaysia.
Opinion Polls across Boundaries: The Early History of Northwestern European Opinion Polling beyond National Borders and Disciplinary Frameworks
Authors: Ploeg Solange , Vesterlund Eskil
Published: February 2025

This article focuses on the early history of Northwestern European opinion polling (1940s–1950s), specifically the cases of the Netherlands and Sweden. The evolution of opinion polling and its influence on post-war politics and society should be understood in light of processes of international transfer and entanglement. The Dutch-Swedish comparison brings into focus the ways in which the national experiences of the Second World War influenced how opinion pollsters discursively linked the practice to ideas about democracy. Furthermore, the article highlights entanglements across the boundaries of science, as commercial survey methods were picked up by social scientists, and across national borders, as opinion pollsters across Western Europe were in frequent contact with each other.
Dilated cardiomyopathy in the young: a patient-scientist informed review of unmet needs
Authors: Jennings Emma R. , Mackay Rachel , Renwick Catherine , Josephs Katherine S. , Buchan Rachel J. , Barton Paul J.R. , Ware James S. , McGurk Kathryn A.
Published: February 2025

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a leading cause of heart failure and the most common indication for a heart transplant. Guidelines are regularly based on studies of adults and applied to the young. Children and adolescents diagnosed with DCM face different lifestyle challenges from individuals diagnosed in adulthood that include medical trauma and are influenced by maturity levels and confidence with advocacy to adults.

Using a UK patient-scientist’s perspective, we reviewed the age-specific challenges faced by the young with DCM, evaluated current guidelines and evidence, and identified areas requiring further recommendations and research. We highlight the importance of (i) the transition clinic from paediatric to adult services, (ii) repeated signposting to mental health services, (iii) standardised guidance on physical activity, (iv) caution surrounding alcohol and smoking, (v) the dangers of illegal drugs, and (vi) reproductive options and health.

Further research is needed to address the many uncertainties in these areas with respect to young age, particularly for physical activity, and such guidance would be welcomed by the young with DCM who must come to terms with being different and more limited amongst healthy peers.
Seasonal Effects of Soil Temperature and Soil Water Content on Upscaled Soil Respiration and Its Contribution to Ecosystem Respiration in Chaparral Shrublands
Authors: Montes J. A. , Lunneberg K. , Montemayor M. N. , Gillespie B. M. , Oechel W. C.
Published: February 2025

Chaparral, a semi‐arid Mediterranean plant community, has the potential to act as a sink, which is an essential ecosystem to mitigate climate change. However, soil respiration (Rs) responses to meteorological variables remain uncertain in these regions, and no studies have quantified how much Rs attributes to Reco in chaparral shrublands. This study identifies the effects of soil temperature (Ts) and soil water content (SWC) on upscaled Rs and its contribution to Reco (Rs/Reco) in chaparral shrublands in Southern California between 2020 and 2021. Hourly Rs and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) were collected by automated chambers and the eddy covariance technique, respectively. Due to high daily variability and gaps in our data, 5‐day averages were calculated to understand the effects of meteorological on Rs and Rs/Reco. First, we proposed that SWC was the primary driver of Rs regardless of the season, while Ts effects were prominent when SWC was sufficient. Secondly, we hypothesized Rs/Reco to vary seasonally, particularly due to Rs contributing less under dry conditions. Our results showed SWC to have a strong significant effect on Rs throughout the year, whereas Ts was only a significant control when the soil was wet and Ts was below 20°C. Monthly Rs/Reco was highest during January and February, likely due to the reduced aboveground respiration. While Rs/Reco was lowest when the soil was the driest. These findings improve our understanding of Rs response to climatic conditions and emphasize the importance of estimating Rs/Reco in chaparral shrublands.
Analytical Model for the Higher Order Moments of Midlatitude Atmospheric Temperature Distributions
Authors: Kircher Keiko , Proistosescu Cristian , Sriver Ryan L.
Published: February 2025

Observed distributions of atmospheric temperature are non‐Gaussian. Therefore, moments beyond variance are necessary in determining the frequency of extreme temperature events. Here we propose a simple kinematic model for atmospheric mid‐latitude temperature variability based on symmetric advection from a non‐symmetric background temperature profile. We then use this model to derive analytical expressions for the higher order moments of temperature distributions. Our results show that nonzero skewness and kurtosis arise due to the nonlinearity of the time‐mean meridional temperature profile. The analytical model matches an idealized Held‐Suarez atmospheric model, indicating nonlinearity of time‐mean temperature in latitude is the dominant contribution to nonzero skewness and kurtosis in synoptic temperature variations. Model analysis further shows decrease in higher order moments due to climate change come roughly equally from changes in mixing length and changes in the background temperature profiles.
When Simplification Leads to Ambiguity: A Look at Two Ocean Metrics for the Subpolar North Atlantic
Authors: Chafik Léon , Lozier M. Susan
Published: February 2025

The AMOC FINGERPRINT and GYRE INDEX are two widely used metrics by the oceanographic community to assess whether northward ocean heat transport, and consequently temperature variability in the subpolar North Atlantic, is primarily governed by the Atlantic overturning circulation or the horizontal gyre circulation. Although these metrics are presented as distinct measures of subpolar ocean circulation, we contend that they are not unique indicators of the dynamics they are intended to represent. Instead, our analysis demonstrates that both metrics are essentially capturing variability in upper ocean heat content, which can result from a number of mechanisms. This conclusion, corroborated with direct overturning measurements from the OSNAP and RAPID programs, raises concerns about the use of these metrics to infer the dynamics responsible for past and projected changes in subpolar ocean temperatures.
Toward Artificial General Intelligence in Hydrogeological Modeling With an Integrated Latent Diffusion Framework
Authors: Zhan Chuanjun , Dai Zhenxue , Jiao Jiu Jimmy , Soltanian Mohamad Reza , Yin Huichao , Carroll Kenneth C.
Published: February 2025

Deep learning models have been extensively applied to various aspects of hydrogeological modeling. However, traditional approaches often rely on separate task‐specific models, resulting in time‐consuming selection and tuning processes. This study develops an integrated Latent Diffusion Model (LDM) framework to address four key hydrogeological modeling tasks: aquifer heterogeneity structure generation, surrogate modeling for flow and transport, and direct inversion of aquifer heterogeneity structure. Using a consistent architecture and hyperparameters, the LDM demonstrates robust multi‐task processing capabilities, accurately capturing aquifer heterogeneity, enabling rapid predictions of hydraulic head and solute transport, and efficiently performing direct inversion without iterative simulations. By integrating multiple tasks within a single framework, LDM eliminates the need for task‐specific models or extensive parameter optimization, offering an efficient and adaptive general solution for deep learning‐based hydrogeological modeling. Its generalization across diverse objectives underscores its potential as a cornerstone for advancing Artificial General Intelligence in hydrogeological modeling.
SWOT Cross‐Track Error Characteristics Estimated From Observations
Authors: Jacobs Gregg , D’Addezio Joseph , Bartels Brent
Published: February 2025

The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) observatory is a complex system and contains unique systematic errors not in historical nadir altimeter observations. The errors contain expected shapes in the cross‐track direction, and functional coefficients describing the shapes are correlated in the along‐track direction. Existing nadir altimeter observations enable comparison to the SWOT observations. In the approach here, the SWOT error power spectral density in the along‐track direction indicates the SWOT residual systematic errors are larger than nadir observed signal down to scales of 1,430 km in the PIC data and 2,500 km in the PGC data. The results guide considerations in SWOT processing and error removal.
Effect of Ice Number Concentration on the Evolution of Boundary Layer Clouds During Arctic Marine Cold‐Air Outbreaks
Authors: Wu Peng , Ovchinnikov Mikhail , Xiao Heng , Lackner Christian P. , Geerts Bart , Tornow Florian , Elsaesser Gregory
Published: February 2025

Marine cold‐air outbreaks (MCAOs) are crucial for Arctic Ocean heat loss, featuring convective cloud rolls that transition into convection cells downstream. Understanding factors controlling this transformation is the key for improving MCAO cloud representation in climate models. This study employs large‐eddy simulations to investigate how cloud ice number concentrations () affect cloud evolution using a case from the Cold‐Air Outbreaks in the Marine Boundary Layer Experiment (COMBLE) campaign. The simulations, performed in a Lagrangian framework following an air mass trajectory, are driven by ERA5 reanalysis data. Initially, all simulations produce similar cloud patterns, but higher leads to earlier breakup of cloud rolls. Between 4 and 10 hr, surface precipitation rates are similar across simulations, but precipitation initiates earlier, and the cloud‐base precipitation rates are higher when is higher. The stronger precipitation evaporation leads to increased stability of the boundary layer and reduced intensity of vertical mixing between the surface and cloud layer. An increased sink of cloud layer moisture via precipitation and decreased source through diminished vertical transport result in earlier cloud breakup in higher conditions. Simulations with different sea surface temperatures (SST) indicate that this cloud breakup mechanism remains valid for MCAOs of different strengths, although the cloud organization is more sensitive to SST changes in low environments. This work highlights the importance of accurate representations of ice processes in simulating MCAO clouds and suggests the need for observational constraints of ice nucleating particles and over the mixed‐phase cloud regimes.
Deciphering Microbially Driven Labile and Refractory Molecular Candidates in Dissolved Organic Matter
Authors: Chen Qi , Chen Jiaxin , Cai Ruanhong , He Chen , Shi Quan , Zhang Chuanlun , Jiao Nianzhi , Zheng Qiang
Published: February 2025

Microbial activities drive the cycling of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from labile to refractory states, thus contributing to the long‐term carbon sequestration in the ocean. However, due to the intricate molecular composition of DOM, identifying indicators of microbially related DOM remains a challenge. In this study, we propose molecular candidates for bio‐labile (n = 537) and bio‐refractory (n = 1,025) formulas, which were discerned through incubation experiments using ultrahigh‐resolution mass spectrometry. Bio‐labile formulas exhibited greater hydrogenation, whereas bio‐refractory formulas comprised oxidized, unsaturated and aromatic molecules with higher molecular weight. Bio‐candidates, in contrast to photo‐ or terrestrial‐related counterparts, dominated molecular composition by higher relative intensity. The application of these molecular candidates facilitated the tracing of molecular distribution and transformation patterns across large‐scale aquatic environmental gradients. This molecular identification framework offers insights into resolving microbially mediated molecules and advancing our understanding of biologically related DOM at the molecular level.
Space Weather Into the 2030s: The 2024 Solar and Space Physics Decadal Survey
Authors: Lugaz Noé
Published: February 2025

The report of the 2024 decadal survey for the solar and space physics community was released on 2024 December 5 and has space weather science and applications as a central goal to explore and safeguard humanity's home in space. I discuss some of the main recommendations associated with space weather that will drive our field in the next decade.
Distinct immune cell infiltration patterns in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) exhibit divergent immune cell selection and immunosuppressive mechanisms
Authors: Sivakumar Shivan , Jainarayanan Ashwin , Arbe-Barnes Edward , Sharma Piyush Kumar , Leathlobhair Maire Ni , Amin Sakina , Reiss David J. , Heij Lara , Hegde Samarth , Magen Assaf , Tucci Felicia , Sun Bo , Wu Shihong , Anand Nithishwer Mouroug , Slawinski Hubert , Revale Santiago , Nassiri Isar , Webber Jonathon , Hoeltzel Gerard D. , Frampton Adam E. , Wiltberger Georg , Neumann Ulf , Charlton Philip , Spiers Laura , Elliott Tim , Wang Maria , Couto Suzana , Lila Thomas , Sivakumar Pallavur V. , Ratushny Alexander V. , Middleton Mark R. , Peppa Dimitra , Fairfax Benjamin , Merad Miriam , Dustin Michael L. , Abu-Shah Enas , Bashford-Rogers Rachael
Published: February 2025

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma has a dismal prognosis. A comprehensive analysis of single-cell multi-omic data from matched tumour-infiltrated CD45+ cells and peripheral blood in 12 patients, and two published datasets, reveals a complex immune infiltrate. Patients have either a myeloid-enriched or adaptive-enriched tumour microenvironment. Adaptive immune cell-enriched is intrinsically linked with highly distinct B and T cell clonal selection, diversification, and differentiation. Using TCR data, we see the largest clonal expansions in CD8 effector memory, senescent cells, and highly activated regulatory T cells which are induced within the tumour from naïve cells. We identify pathways that potentially lead to a suppressive microenvironment, including investigational targets TIGIT/PVR and SIRPA/CD47. Analysis of patients from the APACT clinical trial shows that myeloid enrichment had a shorter overall survival compared to those with adaptive cell enrichment. Strategies for rationale therapeutic development in this disease include boosting of B cell responses, targeting immunosuppressive macrophages, and specific Treg cell depletion approaches.
Willing to wait: Anorexia nervosa symptomatology is associated with higher future orientation and reduced intertemporal discounting
Authors: Schuman Isabel , Wang Jingyi , Ballard Ian C. , Lapate Regina C.
Published: February 2025

Anorexia nervosa is a severe eating disorder characterized by food restriction in service of a future goal: thinness and weight loss. Prior work suggests altered intertemporal decision-making in this disorder, with more farsighted decisions—i.e. reduced delay discounting—in patients with acute anorexia nervosa. Future-oriented cognition, such as frequent prospective future thinking in daily life, promotes farsighted decision making. However, whether temporal orientation is altered in anorexia nervosa, potentially contributing to reduced delay discounting in this population, remains unclear. We measured delay discounting behavior, anorexia nervosa symptomatology, and temporal orientation in a large sample of never-diagnosed individuals. We found that higher anorexia nervosa symptomatology was associated with reduced delay discounting. Anorexia nervosa symptoms were also correlated with increased future-oriented cognition. Moreover, future-oriented cognition mediated the difference in delay-discounting behavior between high and low anorexia nervosa symptom groups. These results were unrelated to subjective time perception and independent of mood and anxiety symptomatology. Collectively, these findings suggest that future-oriented cognition may be a cognitive mechanism underlying altered intertemporal decision making in anorexia nervosa.
3D echocardiography derived reference values and determinants of left ventricular twist and torsion from the population-based STAAB cohort study
Authors: Napp Julia , Gelbrich Götz , Sahiti Floran , Cejka Vladimir , Pelin Dora , Schmidbauer Lena , Chen Mengmeng , Hitschrich Niklas , Schreckenberg Marcus , Frantz Stefan , Heuschmann Peter U. , Störk Stefan , Morbach Caroline
Published: February 2025

Left ventricular (LV) rotational function parameters provide in-depth information about LV mechanical function as well as prognostic information. Using three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography, we identified determinants of LV “twist” and “torsion”, and established reference values using a large population-based cohort. 3D echocardiography images were recorded in n = 2803 subjects within the prospective STAAB cohort study investigating a representative age- and sex-stratified sample of residents of the city of Würzburg, aged 30–79 years, without history of heart failure. Valid 3D image analysis was performed in n = 1831 (65.3%) subjects (mean age 57 ± 11 years, 49.3% women). Using general linear models, we identified determinants of LV twist and torsion: there was a positive association between LV rotational parameters and age, female sex, and blood pressure but a negative association with body weight. From a subset of 479 apparently healthy individuals exhibiting no cardiovascular (CV) risk factors or CV disease (mean age 52 ± 10 years, 56.4% women), we derived reference percentiles for twist and torsion. LV rotation is determined by a complex interplay of sub-endocardial and sub-epicardial fibers which might be affected differentially by potential risk factors. We found a differential association with respective determinants as LV rotational parameters increased with age and with higher blood pressure but decreased with higher body weight. Further research is needed to elucidate these associations in more detail and to determine the additional information contributed by twist and torsion. To facilitate respective attempts and to set an individual’s results in relation to a population-based reference, we derived normal values for twist and torsion from a sub-collective of healthy individuals.
Double Stokes polarimetric microscopy for chiral fibrillar aggregates
Authors: Mazeika Viktoras , Mirsanaye Kamdin , Castaño Leonardo Uribe , Krouglov Serguei , Alizadeh Mehdi , Maciulis Mykolas , Kontenis Lukas , Karabanovas Vitalijus , Barzda Virginijus
Published: February 2025

Second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy is a powerful tool for imaging collagen and other noncentrosymmetric fibrillar structures in biological tissue. Polarimetric SHG measurements provide ultrastructural information about the fibrillar organization in a focal volume (voxel). We present a reduced nonlinear polarimetry method named double Stokes polarimetry (DSP) for quick characterization of chiral

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symmetry fibers without data fitting that simplifies and speeds up the polarimetric analysis. The method is based on double Stokes-Mueller polarimetry and uses linear and circular incident and outgoing polarization states. The analytical expressions of DSP polarimetric parameters are defined in terms of conventional SHG Stokes vector components. A complex chiral susceptibility (CCS) model is assumed to derive expressions of ultrastructural parameters consisting of the magnitude and phase of molecular complex-valued chiral susceptibility ratio, real-valued achiral ratio, and fiber orientation in a voxel. The ultrastructural parameters are expressed in terms of directly measurable DSP polarimetric parameters. DSP is validated with rat tail tendons sectioned at different orientations. DSP can be applied to investigate the origin of chiral complex-valued susceptibility of collagen, to study modifications of collagen in cancerous tissue, and to map ultrastructural parameters of large areas for whole-slide histopathology.
Thrust-efficiency limits of a swimming tail with variable chordwise flexural rigidity
Authors: Alqaleiby Hossam , Hajj Muhammad R.
Published: February 2025

Emulating oscillations performed by natural swimmers can provide different functionalities than those of propeller-based underwater robots. Yet, to successfully accomplish specific missions under limited power, there is a need to design efficient bio-inspired robots. Adding an appropriate level of flexibility to flapping caudal fins (tails) of robots emulating the thunniform swimming mode has been shown to enhance the thrust generation over a finite range of the flapping frequency. Still, in many cases, adding flexibility to increase thrust generation may require increased input power, which may cause a significant reduction in the efficiency. These observations lead to the concept of enhanced performance by varying the stiffness of the tail as in the case of natural swimmers. This study is concerned with assessing the impact of varying the chordwise stiffness on the tail deflection and flow dynamics, including contributions of added mass and circulation forces to thrust generation and their impact on efficiency. The simulation data are used to identify specific flow dynamics and tail deflections associated with the enhanced thrust generation and/or efficiency, and to define a performance limit expressed as the maximum efficiency as a function of the thrust coefficient.
The fault systems that control the occurrences of iron ore deposits in northeastern Aswan, Egypt
Authors: Abd El-Wahed Mohamed , Salem Ibrahim A. , Attia Mohamed , Younis Dina
Published: February 2025

The present study combines remote sensing data (Landsat-8 and ASTER) with structural analysis to identify the fault systems affecting the distribution of the ironstone beds in northeastern Aswan, Egypt. Sedimentary rocks, such as the Abu Aggag, Timsah, and Umm Brammily formations, characterize northeastern Aswan. The Abu Aggag Formation consists of kaolinitic conglomerate, conglomeratic sandstone, and mudstone. The upper Timsah Formation consists of ferruginous sandstones, oolitic ironstone, and mudstone. Fluvial sandstone forms the Umm Brammily Formation. The oolitic sandy ironstone (2–2.5 m thick) is rich in dark red oolitic hematite and goethite. The ironstone deposit ranges in composition from oolitic sandy ironstone to oolitic ironstone. The distribution of iron minerals is extremely consistent with the iron concentration grade indicated by the Landsat-8 and ASTER Brand Ratios. Five main fault sets to control the extension of the ironstone beds: NNE-SSW left-lateral strike-slip faults (set 1); ENE-WSW normal faults (set 2); NNW-SSE normal faults (set 3); NW–SE normal faults (set 4); and NE-SW normal faults (set 5). The subsequent displacement of Set 3 faults increased the depth of the ironstone bed, which raised the sedimentary overburden load and increased the cost of ironstone exploitation, as well as the absence of iron ore exploitation zones bordering the Nile River.
Real world data on digital remote refraction in a healthy population of 14,680 eyes
Authors: van der Zee Casper , Jamal Heshow , Muijzer Marc , Frank Laurence , Vink Gerko , Wisse Robert
Published: February 2025

Refractive errors are the leading cause of preventable visual impairment, to which web-based remote refraction could contribute. We report real-world 2021–2022 data of the underlying algorithm and validated these to conventional prescriptions among healthy individuals (high visual acuity and satisfactied current refraction). Participants were 18–45 years with a spherical (S) error between −3.50 + 2.00S to −2.00 Diopter Cylinder (DC), reported as Spherical Equivalent (SEQ) in mean differences and 95% Limits of agreement. Consecutive measurements (n = 14,680) were assessed of which n = 6386 selected for validation. The mean difference was 0.01D(SD 0.69) and −0.73D(SD 0.92) for myopes and hyperopes respectively. This algorithm shows variation, nonetheless, 67% and 82% of myopes were within ±0.5 and ±0.75D. The test underestimates hyperopes (34% and 50% within ±0.5D and ±0.75D) and had inconsistencies distinguishing hyperopia. This proof-of-concept shows home testing has the potency to increase accessibility to care by delivering a valuable alternative for uncomplicated refractive assessments.
Exposing hidden periodic orbits in scanning force microscopy
Authors: Böttcher Lukas , Wallner Hannes , Kruse Niklas , Just Wolfram , Barke Ingo , Starke Jens , Speller Sylvia
Published: February 2025

The nonlinear interaction between the tip of a scanning probe microscope (SPM) and a sample is manifested in the emergence of bifurcations and unstable branches in the frequency response of a driven cantilever. While extensively investigated theoretically, exploring the unstable branch in an actual SPM experiment is lacking so far, reflecting the broader challenge in studying mechanical nanojunction oscillators under strongly varying external forces. Here we demonstrate experimental tracking of unstable periodic orbits between two saddle-node bifurcation points in the attractive regime, revealing the full set of stationary oscillatory states. This is achieved by a minimally invasive control scheme based on fast adaptive phase extraction and Fourier discretisation of the tip dynamics. Stabilization of unstable branches of oscillating AFM cantilevers opens avenues for novel experimental modes, potentially enabling ultrasensitive surface detection at considerably large amplitudes with minimal tip-surface interaction, new insights in tip-surface interaction mechanisms, as well as new AFM modes enabling arbitrary setpoint choice while inherently avoiding discontinuities.
Discovering fully semantic representations via centroid- and orientation-aware feature learning
Authors: Cha Jaehoon , Park Jinhae , Pinilla Samuel , Morris Kyle L. , Allen Christopher S. , Wilkinson Mark I. , Thiyagalingam Jeyan
Published: February 2025

Learning meaningful representations of images in scientific domains that are robust to variations in centroids and orientations remains an important challenge. Here we introduce centroid- and orientation-aware disentangling autoencoder (CODAE), an encoder–decoder-based neural network that learns meaningful content of objects in a latent space. Specifically, a combination of a translation- and rotation-equivariant encoder, Euler encoding and an image moment loss enables CODAE to extract features invariant to positions and orientations of objects of interest from randomly translated and rotated images. We evaluate this approach on several publicly available scientific datasets, including protein images from life sciences, four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy data from material science and galaxy images from astronomy. The evaluation shows that CODAE learns centroids, orientations and their invariant features and outputs, as well as aligned reconstructions and the exact view reconstructions of the input images with high quality.
Sulfated Undaria pinnatifida polysaccharides inhibit kidney stone formation through crystalline modulation and relieving cellular oxidative damage and inflammation
Authors: Chen Xue-Wu , Long Jun , Zhang Quan , Huang Ling-Hong , Sun Xin-Yuan
Published: February 2025

Schematic representation of UPPS inhibiting kidney stone formation through crystalline modulation and relieving cellular oxidative damage and inflammation.
A new strategy to synthesize degradable polystyrene of ultra-high molecular weight
Authors: Li Jianhan , Yang Hongjun , Jiang Qimin , Li Jiang , Jiang Bibiao , Xue Xiaoqiang , Komarneni Sridhar , Huang Wenyan
Published: February 2025

Degradation or recycling of styrene-copolymers whose main chains are saturated carbon chains is very difficult under natural conditions.
Probing the catalytic heterogeneity of single FeCo and FeCoNi hydroxide nanoneedles by scanning electrochemical microscopy
Authors: Jeffery A. Anto , Bo Tianyu , Askarova Gaukhar , Mirkin Michael V.
Published: February 2025

The electrocatalytic activity of single trimetallic and bimetallic hydroxide nanoneedles has been mapped by scanning electrochemical microscopy.
Molecular dynamics simulation to predict assembly structures of bowl-shaped π-conjugated molecules
Authors: Sato Shunsuke , Dhara Barun , He Dan , Miyajima Daigo , Watanabe Go
Published: February 2025

We propose a novel computational method to predict the crystal structures of bowl-shaped π-conjugated molecules and to reproduce their assembly structure from randomly dispersed molecules using all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulation.
Recent advances in carboxyl-directed dimerizations and cascade annulations via C–H activations
Authors: Li Wan-Di , Fan Juan , Li Chao-Jun , Shi Xian-Ying
Published: February 2025

This feature article summarizes carboxyl-assisted dimerizations and the applications of carboxyl as a classical directing group and a unique traceless-directing group in cascade annulation reactions to access diverse carbocycles and heterocycles.
Integrating lanthanide coordination polymer ratiometric fluorescence biosensors with a concatenated DNA circuit for locus-specific N6-methyladenosine quantification
Authors: Nie Ping , Chen Ke , Cao Guohui , Xu Ensheng , Wang Pin , Xue Qingwang
Published: February 2025

A lanthanide coordination polymers (LnCPs) ratiometric fluorescent biosensor integrated with click chemistry-powered concatenated DNA circuit was developed for accurate and sensitive monitoring locus-specific m6A in cancer cells and tissues.
Tunable elastic wave bandgaps by strain engineering of multilayered van der Waals metamaterials
Authors: Jing Yabin , Wang Lifeng , Li Eric
Published: February 2025

Multilayered van der Waals metamaterials exhibit an elastic wave bandgap in the terahertz range. The bandgap is notably sensitive to the rate of longitudinal strain, and the effects of tensile and compressive strains on the bandgap are asymmetric.
Local order, disorder, and everything in between: using 91Zr solid-state NMR spectroscopy to probe zirconium-based metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Zhang Wanli , Lucier Bryan E. G. , Martins Vinicius , Azizivahed Tahereh , Hung Ivan , Xu Yijue , Gan Zhehong , Venkatesh Amrit , Goh Tian Wei , Huang Wenyu , Rossini Aaron J. , Huang Yining
Published: February 2025

91Zr solid-state NMR spectroscopy provides rich information regarding the local structure and short-range order about Zr(iv) centers in metal–organic frameworks.
Ligand impacts on band edge energies and excited state splittings of silicane
Authors: Yao Guoying , Pradhan Ekadashi , Yang Zhenyu , Zeng Tao
Published: February 2025

Ligand functionalization leads to enormous ranges of band edge energies of silicanes. The band edge energies can be predicted by empirical functions.
Thermodynamic origin of fenugreek phytochemical binding to the ASC pyrin domain for inflammation inhibition
Authors: Garg Avinash , Debnath Ananya
Published: February 2025

Luteolin binding to ASC is the most stable among major fenugreek components due to maximum occupancy of hydrogen bonds contributing to enthalpy of binding.
Two-dimensional piezoelectric AlSiX2 (X = N, P, As) semiconductors with Raman activity, favorable band-gap, and high carrier mobility based on first-principles calculations
Authors: Vu Tuan V. , Hieu Nguyen N. , Hiep Nguyen T. , Trinh Thuat T. , Kartamyshev A. I. , Phuc Huynh V.
Published: February 2025

We construct two-dimensional AlSiX2 (X = N, P, As) monolayers and examine their stabilities, Raman activity, piezoelectricity, as well as electronic/transport properties for various applications, using first-principles calculations.
A red light-activable hetero-bimetallic [Fe(iii)–Ru(ii)] complex as a dual-modality PDT tool for anticancer therapy
Authors: Panwar Abhishek , Malakar Chandi C. , Upadhyay Aarti , Roy Mithun
Published: February 2025

We report the anticancer activity of a red light-activable hetero-bimetallic [Fe(iii)–Ru(ii)] complex as a next-generation dual-modality PDT tool for photo-activated anticancer therapy.
Molecular order manipulation with dual additives suppressing trap density in non-fullerene acceptors enables efficient bilayer organic solar cells
Authors: Zhao Zhenmin , Chung Sein , Tan Lixing , Zhao Jingjing , Liu Yuan , Li Xin , Bai Liang , Lee Hyunji , Jeong Minyoung , Cho Kilwon , Kan Zhipeng
Published: February 2025

Using dual additives balanced the molecular aggregation size and order, which led to a flocculent acceptor layer morphology that suppressed the trap density, energetic disorder, and recombination rate in efficient bilayer organic solar cells.
Revisiting the kinetics enhancement strategies of Si anodes through deconstructing particle–interface–electrode integration
Authors: Jia Pingshan , Guo Junpo , Li Qing , Liu Yinan , Zheng Yun , Guo Yan , Huang Yike , Shen Yingying , Long Lifen , Zhang Hebin , Chen Rong , Zhang Congcong , Zhang Zhiyuan , Shen Jingjun , Dong Shengyang , Jiang Jiangmin , Chang Meinan , Liu Xupo , Wang Xiaobing , Tang Yuxin , Shao Huaiyu
Published: February 2025

This review deconstructs particle–interface–electrode integration to analyze limiting factors and evaluate enhancement strategies of kinetics for Si anodes.
Comparison of extraction methods to obtain high-purity protein concentrate from green microalgae Nannochloropsis oceanica
Authors: Le Thi Phuong Linh , Samarathunga Jayani , Gabard Max , Strazdins Katrina , Rens Jeroen , Adhikari Benu
Published: February 2025

Nannochloropsis oceanica is a promising and sustainable source of high-value protein.
Effects of whey protein–inulin conjugates with varying degrees of glycosylation on hepatic antioxidant capacity, immunomodulation and gut microbiota in mice
Authors: Zhu Shunyi , Li Xing , Zhang Shixuan , Cai Ziwen , Sun Jianhao , Ju Qi , Liu Diru
Published: February 2025

In this study, whey protein isolate-inulin (WPI-In) conjugates with varying degrees of glycosylation (DG) were prepared, characterized, and examined for their potential immunomodulatory effects and regulation of gut microbiota in mice.
Green extraction of polyphenolic lignin using FeCl3-mediated tartaric acid-DES and its derived lignin nanoparticles for enhancing the application performance of PVA film in green agriculture
Authors: Luo Yadan , Liang Linlin , Luo Huaying , Zeng Fanyan , Qin Chengrong , Liang Chen , Liu Baojie , Huang Caoxing , Yao Shuangquan
Published: February 2025

A green extraction system of polyphenol hydroxyl lignin with choline chloride as the hydrogen bond acceptor and tartaric acid and ferric chloride as hydrogen bond donors was designed. A green mulching film was prepared by compounding PVA.
A plug-and-play microfluidic device for hydrogel fiber spinning
Authors: Wei Kongchang , Wang Wuchao , Giovannini Giorgia , Sharma Khushdeep , Rossi René M. , Boesel Luciano F.
Published: February 2025

A Lego-inspired microfluidic chip was developed for plug-and-play applications in the production of hydrogel fiber biomaterials.
Achieving exceptional energy storage performance in PbHfO3 antiferroelectric ceramics through defect engineering design
Authors: Hu Jiawen , Zhou Zhixin , Lv Ling , Zhang Wei , Chen Sen , Liu Jinjun , Li Peng , Liu Ning , Zeng Tao , Pan Zhongbin
Published: February 2025

Defect engineering improves breakdown strength, reduces conduction losses and induces localized disorder to achieve an ultra-high energy storage density.
Organic–inorganic hybridisation strategy for synthesizing durable colored superamphiphobic coatings
Authors: Guo Molan , Zhang Siyu , Zhang Huayang , Wei Tianqi , Tian Guangyi , Si Wen , Guo Zhiguang
Published: February 2025

Inspired by Maya blue, color superoleophobic coatings were fabricated using silica, metakaolin and azo dyes, exhibiting excellent stability, wettability and color fastness.
Construction of perovskite oxide/modified biochar for photothermal synergistic catalytic degradation of VOCs
Authors: Zhang Liang , Yang Yilong , Xiao Yao , Li Xiazhang
Published: February 2025

LaMnO3/N-doped biochar composites with rich oxygen defects and nitrogen-containing functional groups enable high photothermal catalytic degradation of p-xylene.
Cucurbit[7]uril encapsulation completely protects reactive imine in weak acid
Authors: Shi Kejia , Smith Bradley D.
Published: February 2025

An imine in weak acid is hydrolyzed very rapidly, however, it is completely stable when encapsulated within cucurbit[7]uril (CB7).
Synthesis of N-methyl secondary amides via diboronic acid anhydride-catalyzed dehydrative condensation of carboxylic acids with aqueous methylamine
Authors: Iwasawa Hinata , Takahashi Naoya , Shimada Naoyuki
Published: February 2025

The first catalytic dehydrative amidations using aqueous solutions of methylamine, ethylamine, and dimethylamine as amine sources have been successfully achieved.
A technique for analyzing the variability of activation thermodynamic and solvent model parameters
Authors: Wiseman Floyd L. , Scott Dane W.
Published: February 2025

The fundamental thermodynamic equation of chemical kinetics has recently been used to analyze rate data from the hydrolysis reaction of tert-butyl chloride in the acetonitrile/water solvent system.
Electrochemical synthesis of NiCo layered double hydroxides on nickel-coated graphite for water splitting: understanding the electrochemical experimental parameters
Authors: Seumo Tchekwagep Patrick Marcel , Banks Craig E. , Crapnell Robert D. , Farsak Murat , Kardaş Gülfeza
Published: February 2025

The electrochemical synthesis of nickel–cobalt (Ni–Co) layered double hydroxides (LDHs) on a nickel-coated graphite support for water splitting applications was investigated.
Inverse opal anatase/rutile TiO2 multi-heterojunctions enable efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Xiao Bo-Hao , Huo Chen , Chen Jin-Yu , Xiao Ying-Guan , Cao Shun-Sheng , Liu Zhao-Qing
Published: February 2025

In this work, we present a 3D hierarchical inverse opal anatase/rutile TiO2 multi-heterojunction photoanode material, which exhibits excellent electron–hole separation efficiency for photoelectrochemical water splitting.
Chemically bonded interface modulated S-scheme charge transfer in Sb2S3@ZnIn2S4 core–shell heterostructures for boosted catalytic activity toward nitrogen photofixation
Authors: Zheng Cheng-Jie , Zhang Chen , Yang Hao-Xiang , Chen Tingting , He Zhi-Cai , Zhang Jian , Huang Guo-Bo , Wang Mingyuan , Liu Guiwu , Chen Wei
Published: February 2025

S-scheme Sb2S3@ZnIn2S4 core–shell heterostructures exhibited boosted catalytic activity and high stability toward nitrogen photofixation.
Pulsed laser-patterned high-entropy single-atomic sites and alloy coordinated graphene oxide for pH-universal water electrolysis
Authors: Lee Yeryeong , Theerthagiri Jayaraman , Limphirat Wanwisa , Periyasamy Ganga , Jeong Gyoung Hwa , Kheawhom Soorathep , Tang Yongbing , Choi Myong Yong
Published: February 2025

We introduce high-entropy single-atom catalysts (HESACs) from FeRuPtNiCoPd HEA on GO via pulsed laser irradiation in liquids. Synergistic interactions and rapid Fe2+ photoreduction enhance active sites, achieving superior overall water splitting.
Effects of Individual Differences and Prosodic Focus on the Interpretation of Quantity Scalar Terms in Mandarin-Speaking 3- to 8-Year-Olds
Authors: Jiang Yuhan , Wang Ting
Published: February 2025

Purpose:

This study focuses on examining how individual differences, including biological, linguistic, and cognitive traits, and prosodic focus affect the computation biases and reaction time (RT) associated with quantity scalar terms in Mandarin-speaking children aged 3–8 years.

Method:

The participants of this study were 27 Mandarin-speaking children aged 3–8 years. They completed a computer-based sentence evaluation task, and their receptive vocabulary, nonverbal IQ, and theory of mind (ToM) skills were assessed. Additionally, parents provided insights into their children's executive functions, including working memory, planning, regulation, and inhibition abilities, through a questionnaire reflecting daily performance.

Results:

Mandarin-speaking 3- to 8-year-olds showed pervasive quantifier semantic biases versus bimodally distributed ad hoc semantic/pragmatic biases. Their quantifier pragmatic bias increased with age, working memory, and planning abilities but decreased with first-order ToM. In contrast, their ad hoc pragmatic bias improved with second-order ToM, working memory, planning, and inhibition abilities but decreased with age and receptive vocabulary. Prosodic focus reduced the number of hesitators and minimized the RT differences between hesitators and pragmatic/semantic responders.

Conclusions:

Children show a higher overall pragmatic bias in ad hoc compared to quantifier scalar terms, alongside notable individual differences. Quantifier and ad hoc scalar terms appear to have different initial interpretations, with the former leaning toward a semantic interpretation and the latter toward a pragmatic one. Prosodic focus reduced hesitation and encouraged further processing, although it did not significantly alter interpretation biases. Future studies should employ larger sample sizes and implicit measures to further explore these findings.