bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LIVRO DE ARTISTA: ENSINO E POÉTICA NO CURSO DE DANÇA
Authors: Junqueira Mariana Lopes , Carvalho Carla
Published: November 2018

Discute o livro de artista como obra de arte utilizado como recurso num curso de Dança. Compreende-se que num curso de licenciatura em Dança, que forma o artista professor, o ensino deve-se voltar às questões poéticas e criativas inerentes ao artista, para além das questões teóricas. Nesse sentido, na disciplina de Arte na Educação, do curso de Dança, da Universidade Regional de Blumenau, o livro de artista foi utilizado para se pensar questões poéticas, para além do conteúdo teórico. Este estudo tem como objetivo discutir a poética no ensino, por meio do livro de artista. Os livros de artista dos estudantes, abarcaram toda a experiência com a dança dos estudantes, assim como os conteúdos trabalhados na disciplina, questões de gênero e movimento. Concluímos que o Ensino Superior, precisa se abrir para novas formas de ensino, que envolvam a criatividade e a poética dos estudantes, assim como o livro de artista proporcionou, rompendo com as formas tradicionais de ensino.Palavras-chave: Livro de artista, Ensino, Poética, Dança.
John Dunbar
Authors: Stell Geoffrey
Published: November 2018

The reserved demeanour of the late John Greenwell Dunbar, OBE, MA, FSA, Honorary Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland and of the Royal Incorporation of Architects in Scotland, belied the fact that he was a towering figure in the transformation of Scottish architectural scholarship in the second half of the 20th century, co-founder and doyen of the modern discipline in Scotland.
The earliest portrait of St Columba: Cod Sang 555, p 166
Authors: Geddes Jane
Published: November 2018

The portrait of St Columba was made on the last page of a version of The Life of St Columba by Adomnán. The book, Cod Sang 555, was written at the monastery of St Gallen in the later 9th century and the drawing possibly added shortly afterwards. The image shows Columba both on a mountain and inside a church, both alive with hands raised in prayer and dead, represented by his adjacent reliquary. The shape of the reliquary is matched by an illustration of the Ark of the Covenant, made at St Gallen at about the same time. This reveals the meaning of the picture: as God spoke to his people from the mercy seat on the Ark of the Covenant, Columba speaks directly to his reader and devotees through his relics in the shrine. It is proposed that the smaller container beside the reliquary is a satchel, possibly for containing this book itself. Typological exegesis relating the Old Testament to Columba explains Columba’s mystical appearance simultaneously on the mountain and in a church; and his ability to appear in person after his death. The concept of praesentia accounts for his active role as intercessor for his followers. The picture was composed at a time when illustrated saints’ lives were beginning to develop with detailed narrative sequences. This image stands apart because it does not illustrate events from the accompanying text. The text of Cod Sang 555 had already excised details of Columba’s Irish/ Scottish background on Iona to make it more relevant to a continental audience. Likewise, this image places Columba, through the power of his relics, no longer on Iona but directly before his followers in St Gallen Abbey.
The aquatic context of Caisteal Ormacleit, South Uist, Outer Hebrides
Authors: Angus Stewart
Published: November 2018

Caisteal Ormacleit [Ormiclate Castle], on the west side of South Uist, was constructed in the early 18th century by Clanranald for his wife Penelope, reputedly in the style of a French chateau, incorporating building materials imported from or via the east coast of South Uist at a time when there were neither roads nor carts. This high-status building (arguably more a fine house than a castle) and its origins and construction are reviewed in the context of historical sources, geology and topography. The history of the building and that of the couple for whom it was built had close associations with the Jacobite battles of 1689 (Killiecrankie) and 1715 (Sheriffmuir). The possible canal sections are reviewed in detail and a convincing case is provided for the existence of a canal network between the east coast of the Uists and the western situation of Caisteal Ormacleit, linking the Olaidh lochs, thus confirming the local tradition that the inland lochs of the Uists were used for boat-based transport and supporting the case for the existence of a wider navigable network within the Uist interior. Past intervention in water management has to be investigated in order to plan for future climate change impacts, and the Olaidh network is reviewed in this context.
Hebridean Gaels and the sea in the early 19th century
Authors: Grant Kevin James
Published: November 2018

The people of the Hebrides have long been associated with a heroic tradition of seafaring – the image of the medieval birlinn or galley has become emblematic of Norse and Gaelic power. Coastal communities in the 19th century would have been familiar with this tradition as it was a common theme of the song and story which was a ubiquitous part of their lives. However, the waters around the Hebrides in the years around 1800 were largely the preserve of merchantmen or warships of friendly and enemy navies.Gaels who farmed the coasts of the Hebrides could have little influence over this largely Englishspeaking maritime world of international trade and global conflict in the surrounding seas, although it had profound and wide-ranging impacts on their daily lives. By drawing on a case study from Loch Aoineart, South Uist, this paper seeks to consider some aspects of how Gaelic-speaking coastal communities interacted with the sea. Whilst this article will serve as an introduction to some common archaeological features relating to post-medieval coastal life, it is intended to encourage archaeologists to consider the sea as part of a wider Gaelic cultural landscape. It will also argue that critical use of evidence for the Gaelic oral tradition is vital to an understanding of life in the period. This study draws on the rich and varied evidence available for the early 19th century, but it is hoped that its conclusions may be of interest to those studying coastal communities in earlier periods where the archaeological record provides little evidence.
A new chronology for crannogs in north-east Scotland
Authors: Stratigos Michael J , Noble Gordon
Published: November 2018

This article presents the results of a programme of investigation which aimed to construct a more detailed understanding of the character and chronology of crannog occupation in north-east Scotland, targeting a series of sites across the region. The emerging pattern revealed through fieldwork in the region shows broad similarities to the existing corpus of data from crannogs in other parts of the country. Crannogs in north-east Scotland now show evidence for origins in the Iron Age. Further radiocarbon evidence has emerged from crannogs in the region revealing occupation during the 9th–10th centuries ad, a period for which there is little other settlement evidence in the area. Additionally, excavated contexts dated to the 11th–12th centuries and historic records suggest that the tradition of crannog dwelling continued into the later medieval period. Overall, the recent programme of fieldwork and dating provides a more robust foundation for further work in the region and can help address questions concerning the adoption of the practice of artificial island dwelling across Scotland through time.
The flavonoid baicalin improves glucose metabolism by targeting the PH domain of AKT and activating AKT/GSK3β phosphorylation
Authors: Yang Shengnan , Zhang Yuan , Shen Fukui , Ma Xiaoyao , Zhang Man , Hou Yuanyuan , Bai Gang
Published: November 2018

Baicalin is one of the main flavonoids of the dried root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and is reported to exert beneficial effects on the regulation of glucose/lipid metabolism. However, understanding its specific target and unique mechanism for improving glucose utilization is a challenge. In this paper, target fishing with a baicalin probe reveals that baicalin interacts with AKT. An immunofluorescence assay further demonstrates the colocalization of baicalin with AKT in the cytoplasm. A competitive test and virtual docking show that baicalin might bind to the pleckstrin homology domain of AKT. This specific binding hampers AKT membrane translocation, activates the phosphorylation of AKT on Ser473, induces the downstream glycogen synthase kinase 3β activation, and affects glycogen synthesis.
A comprehensive dosimetric study of Monte Carlo and pencil‐beam algorithms on intensity‐modulated proton therapy for breast cancer
Authors: Liang Xiaoying , Li Zuofeng , Zheng Dandan , Bradley Julie A. , Rutenberg Michael , Mendenhall Nancy
Published: November 2018

PB algorithms are commonly used for proton therapy. Previously reported limitations of the PB algorithm for proton therapy are mainly focused on high‐density gradients and small‐field dosimetry, the effect of PB algorithms on intensity‐modulated proton therapy (IMPT) for breast cancer has yet to be illuminated. In this study, we examined 20 patients with breast cancer and systematically investigated the dosimetric impact of MC and PB algorithms on IMPT. Four plans were generated for each patient: (a) a PB plan that optimized and computed the final dose using a PB algorithm; (b) a MC‐recomputed plan that recomputed the final dose of the PB plan using a MC algorithm; (c) a MC‐renormalized plan that renormalized the MC‐recomputed plan to restore the target coverage; and (d) a MC‐optimized plan that optimized and computed the final dose using a MC algorithm. The DVH on CTVs and on organ‐at‐risks (OARs) from each plan were studied. The Mann–Whitney U‐test was used for testing the differences between any two types of plans. We found that PB algorithms significantly overestimated the target dose in breast IMPT plans. The median value of the CTV D99%, D95%, and Dmean dropped by 3.7%, 3.4%, and 2.1%, respectively, of the prescription dose in the MC‐recomputed plans compared with the PB plans. The magnitude of the target dose overestimation by the PB algorithm was higher for the breast CTV than for the chest wall CTV. In the MC‐renormalized plans, the target dose coverage was comparable with the original PB plans, but renormalization led to a significant increase in target hot spots as well as skin dose. The MC‐optimized plans led to sufficient target dose coverage, acceptable target hot spots, and good sparing of skin and other OARs. Utilizing the MC algorithm for both plan optimization and final dose computation in breast IMPT treatment planning is therefore desirable.
Flexible Electronics: Stretchable Electrodes and Their Future
Authors: Huang Siya , Liu Yuan , Zhao Yue , Ren Zhifeng , Guo Chuan Fei
Published: November 2018

Flexible electronics, as an emerging and exciting research field, have brought great interest to the issue of how to make flexible electronic materials that offer both durability and high performance at strained states. With the advent of on‐body wearable and implantable electronics, as well as increasing demands for human‐friendly intelligent soft robots, enormous effort is being expended on highly flexible functional materials, especially stretchable electrodes, by both the academic and industrial communities. Among different deformation modes, stretchability is the most demanding and challenging. This review focuses on the latest advances in stretchable transparent electrodes based on a new design strategy known as kirigami (the art of paper cutting) and investigates the recent progress on novel applications, including skin‐like electronics, implantable biodegradable devices, and bioinspired soft robotics. By comparing the optoelectrical and mechanical properties of different electrode materials, some of the most important outcomes with comments on their merits and demerits are raised. Key design considerations in terms of geometries, substrates, and adhesion are also discussed, offering insights into the universal strategies for engineering stretchable electrodes regardless of the material. It is suggested that highly stretchable and biocompatible electrodes will greatly boost the development of next‐generation intelligent life‐like electronics.
Multichannel Strategies to Produce Stabilized Azaphenalene Diradicals: A Predictable Model to Generate Self‐Doped Cathode Interfacial Layers for Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Yin Xiaojun , Liu Xiaohui , Peng Yuhao , Zeng Weixuan , Zhong Cheng , Xie Guohua , Wang Lei , Fang Junfeng , Yang Chuluo
Published: November 2018

Self‐doped cathode interfacial layers (CILs) are crucial to enable Ohmic‐like contact between the electrode and organic functional layers and thus profoundly promote the performances of organic optoelectronic devices. Herein, multifarious azaphenalene‐embedded organic salts with variable counterions, substituent groups, and repeating units are prepared, and their impacts on producing homologous diradicals are established. Electron paramagnetic resonance and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies reveal the existence of free radicals of these azaphenalene salts in the solid state. Density functional theory simulations indicate that the thermal energy of counterion‐induced proton transfer is crucial to produce diradicaloids, which can be manipulated in tailoring the azaphenalene backbones. Noticeably, the formed diradicaloids that are delocalized over the π‐conjugated systems will be beneficial to enhance the carrier density of the matrix and remarkably decrease the work functions of the Al electrode. The all‐solution‐processed bulk heterojunction organic solar cells are fabricated by employing them as CILs, which results in high power conversion efficiency of 10.24% in contrast to the 7.34% of the reference device without CILs.
A Gradient Heterostructure Based on Tolerance Factor in High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells with 0.84 Fill Factor
Authors: Qiao Hong Wei , Yang Shuang , Wang Yun , Chen Xiao , Wen Tian Yu , Tang Li Juan , Cheng Qilin , Hou Yu , Zhao Huijun , Yang Hua Gui
Published: November 2018

A gradient heterosturcture is one of the basic methods to control the charge flow in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, a classical route for gradient heterosturctures is based on the diffusion technique, in which the guest ions gradually diffuse into the films from a concentrated source of dopants. The gradient heterosturcture is only accessible to the top side, and may be time consuming and costly. Here, the “intolerant” n‐type heteroatoms (Sb3+, In3+) with mismatched cation sizes and charge states can spontaneously enrich two sides of perovskite thin films. The dopants at specific sides can be extracted by a typical hole‐transport layer. Theoretical calculations and experimental observations both indicate that the optimized charge management can be attributed to the tailored band structure and interfacial electronic hybridization, which promote charge separation and collection. The strategy enables the fabrication of PSCs with a spontaneous graded heterojunction showing high efficiency. A champion device based on Sb3+ doped film shows a stabilized power‐conversion efficiency of 21.04% with a high fill factor of 0.84 and small hysteresis.
Harnessing Motile Amoeboid Cells as Trucks for Microtransport and ‐Assembly
Authors: Nagel Oliver , Frey Manuel , Gerhardt Matthias , Beta Carsten
Published: November 2018

Cell‐driven microtransport is one of the most prominent applications in the emerging field of biohybrid systems. While bacterial cells have been successfully employed to drive the swimming motion of micrometer‐sized cargo particles, the transport capacities of motile adherent cells remain largely unexplored. Here, it is demonstrated that motile amoeboid cells can act as efficient and versatile trucks to transport microcargo. When incubated together with microparticles, cells of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum readily pick up and move the cargo particles. Relying on the unspecific adhesive properties of the amoeba, a wide range of different cargo materials can be used. The cell‐driven transport can be directionally guided based on the chemotactic responses of amoeba to chemoattractant gradients. On the one hand, the cargo can be assembled into clusters in a self‐organized fashion, relying on the developmentally induced chemotactic aggregation of cells. On the other hand, chemoattractant gradients can be externally imposed to guide the cellular microtrucks to a desired location. Finally, larger cargo particles of different shapes that exceed the size of a single cell by more than an order of magnitude, can also be transported by the collective effort of large numbers of motile cells.
Perovskite Oxyfluoride Electrode Enabling Direct Electrolyzing Carbon Dioxide with Excellent Electrochemical Performances
Authors: Li Yihang , Li Yong , Wan Yanhong , Xie Yun , Zhu Junfa , Pan Haibin , Zheng Xusheng , Xia Changrong
Published: November 2018

Solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) can efficiently convert the greenhouse‐gas CO2 to valuable fuel CO at the cathodes. Herein, fluorine is doped into mixed ionic–electronic conducting Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6‐δ (SFM), to evaluate its potential use as a cathode for CO2 reduction reaction (CO2‐RR). SFM retains its cubic structure after doped with fluorine, forming perovskite oxyfluoride Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6‐δF0.1 (F‐SFM). The substitution of oxygen by fluorine increases CO2 adsorption by a factor of ≈2, bulk oxygen vacancy concentration by 35–37% at 800 °C, and consequently enhances the surface reaction rate constant for CO2‐RR and chemical bulk diffusion coefficient by factors of 2–3. The faster kinetics are also reflected by a lower polarization resistance of 0.656 Ω cm2 for F‐SFM than 1.130 Ω cm2 for SFM at 800 °C in symmetrical cells. Furthermore, the single cell with F‐SFM cathode exhibits the best CO2 electrolysis performance among the reported perovskite electrodes, achieving current density of 1.36 A cm−2 at 1.5 V and excellent stability over 120 h at 800 °C under harsh conditions. The theoretical computations confirm that fluorine doping is energetically favorable to CO2 adsorption and dissociation. The present work provides a promising strategy for the design of robust cathodes for direct CO2 electrolysis in SOECs.
An efficient direct/indirect transcription approach for singular optimal control
Authors: Andrés‐Martínez Oswaldo , Flores‐Tlacuahuac Antonio , Kameswaran Shivakumar , Biegler Lorenz T.
Published: November 2018

It is very common in chemical engineering applications to find optimal control problems whose optimality conditions do not provide information about the control over an interval. This type of problems is called partially singular, as the control switches between nonsingular and singular arcs. When direct transcription is applied, the resulting nonlinear programming problem is ill conditioned. Some mesh refinement and rigorous iterative methods have been developed to determine the control profile and switching points. This work presents a practical alternative that quickly produces accurate state and control profiles without adding nonconvex terms. The problem is first solved with a large number of equally spaced finite elements. Then, unnecessary elements are removed while keeping the solution structure. Finally, direct and indirect approaches are combined to apply a regularization scheme only to the singular part. Seven examples were solved to test our strategy. Results provide good approximations to the analytical switching points. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 65: 937–946, 2019
Facial masculinity is only weakly correlated with handgrip strength in young adult women
Authors: Hahn Amanda C. , Holzleitner Iris J. , Lee Anthony J. , Kandrik Michal , O'Shea Kieran J. , DeBruine Lisa M. , Jones Benedict C.
Published: November 2018

Objectives

Ancestrally, strength is likely to have played a critical role in determining the ability to obtain and retain resources and the allocation of social status among humans. Responses to facial cues of strength are therefore thought to play an important role in human social interaction. Although many researchers have proposed that sexually dimorphic facial morphology is reliably correlated with physical strength, evidence for this hypothesis is somewhat mixed. Moreover, to date, only one study has investigated the putative relationship between facial masculinity and physical strength in women. Consequently, we tested for correlations between handgrip strength and objective measures of face‐shape masculinity.

Methods

531 women took part in the study. We measured each participant's handgrip strength (dominant hand). Sexual dimorphism of face shape was objectively measured from each face photograph using two methods: discriminant analysis and vector analysis. These methods use shape components derived from principal component analyses of facial landmarks to measure the probability of the face being classified as male (discriminant analysis method) or to locate the face on a female‐male continuum (vector analysis method).

Results

Our analyses revealed that handgrip strength is, at best, only weakly correlated with facial masculinity in women. There was a weak significant association between handgrip strength and one measure of women's facial masculinity. The relationship between handgrip strength and our other measure of women's facial masculinity was not significant.

Discussion

Together, these results do not support the hypothesis that face‐shape masculinity is an important cue of physical strength, at least in women.
Pressure‐Induced Diels–Alder Reactions in C6H6‐C6F6 Cocrystal towards Graphane Structure
Authors: Wang Yajie , Dong Xiao , Tang Xingyu , Zheng Haiyan , Li Kuo , Lin Xiaohuan , Fang Leiming , Sun Guang'ai , Chen Xiping , Xie Lei , Bull Craig L. , Funnell Nicholas P. , Hattori Takanori , Sano‐Furukawa Asami , Chen Jihua , Hensley Dale K. , Cody George D. , Ren Yang , Lee Hyun Hwi , Mao Ho‐kwang
Published: November 2018

Pressure‐induced polymerization (PIP) of aromatics is a novel method for constructing sp3‐carbon frameworks, and nanothreads with diamond‐like structures were synthesized by compressing benzene and its derivatives. Here by compressing a benzene‐hexafluorobenzene cocrystal (CHCF), H‐F‐substituted graphane with a layered structure in the PIP product was identified. Based on the crystal structure determined from the in situ neutron diffraction and the intermediate products identified by gas chromatography‐mass spectrum, we found that at 20 GPa CHCF forms tilted columns with benzene and hexafluorobenzene stacked alternatively, and leads to a [4+2] polymer, which then transforms to short‐range ordered H‐F‐substituted graphane. The reaction process involves [4+2] Diels–Alder, retro‐Diels–Alder, and 1‐1′ coupling reactions, and the former is the key reaction in the PIP. These studies confirm the elemental reactions of PIP of CHCF for the first time, and provide insight into the PIP of aromatics.
AIEgens/Nucleic Acid Nanostructures for Bioanalytical Applications
Authors: Wang Xudong , Xu Min , Huang Kaixun , Lou Xiaoding , Xia Fan
Published: November 2018

DNA occupies significant roles in life processes, which include encoding the sequences of proteins and accurately transferring genetic information from generation to generation. Recent discoveries have demonstrated that a variety of biological functions are correlated with DNA′s conformational transitions. The non‐B form has attained great attention among the diverse forms of DNA over the past several years. The main reason for this is that a large number of studies have shown that the non‐B form of DNA is associated with gross deletions, inversions, duplications, translocations as well as simple repeating sequences, which therefore causes human diseases. Consequently, the conformational transition of DNA between the B‐form and the non‐B form is important for biology. Conventional fluorescence probes based on the conformational transitions of DNA usually need a fluorophore and a quencher group, which suffers from the complex design of the structure and tedious synthetic procedures. Moreover, conventional fluorescence probes are subject to the aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) effect, which limits their application toward imaging and analyte detection. Fluorogens exhibiting aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) have attracted tremendous attention over the past decade. By taking advantage of this unique behavior, plenty of fluorescent switch‐on probes without the incorporation of fluorescent quenchers/fluorophore pairs have been widely developed as biosensors for imaging a variety of analytes. Herein, the recent progress in bioanalytical applications on the basis of aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens)/nucleic acid nanostructures are presented and discussed.
Effect of high uric acid on the disposition of metformin: in vivo and in vitro studies
Authors: Zhang Guoqiang , Ma Yanrong , Xi Dali , Rao Zhi , Sun Xiaohan , Wu Xin'an
Published: November 2018

Metformin is always used as the baseline antidiabetic therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hyperuricemia. Metformin is excreted into urine through active secretion mediated by rOCTs and rMATE1.The aim of this study was to identify the effects of high uric acid on the disposition and its mechanism. For the in vivo study, a hyperuricemic animal model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of potassium oxonate (250 mg/kg) in rats. Metformin (100 mg/kg) was administered orally to investigate the pharmacokinetics in control and hyperuricemic rats, respectively. For the in vitro study, HEK293 and HepaRG cells were used to investigate the effect of uric acid (15 mg/dl) on the expression of OCT1, OCT2 and MATE1 and the disposition of metformin, respectively. The in vivo study showed that the AUC0 → 600 of metformin was significantly decreased by 33.3%, whereas the cumulative urinary excretion of metformin was increased by 25.4% in hyperuricemic rats compared with that in control rats. The renal rOCT1, rOCT2 and rMATE1 and hepatic rMATE1 levels were increased in hyperuricemic rats compared with those in control rats, respectively. The in vitro study showed that uric acid could upregulate the expression of OCT2 and MATE1 in HEK293 cells and MATE1 in HepaRG cells and increase the intracellular metformin concentration in these two cell lines. These results demonstrated that a high uric acid level promoted urinary metformin excretion and decreased the plasma metformin concentration; the in vivo and in vitro studies provided a possible explanation being that high uric acid could upregulate the expression of renal metformin transporters OCTs and MATE1.
Preparation of a Camptothecin‐conjugated Molecular Carrier and its Cytotoxic Effect Toward Human Colorectal Carcinoma In Vitro
Authors: Jeong Dongjun , Pal Tarun , Kim Hyungjoo , Kim Tae Wan , Biswas Goutam , Lee Daeun , Singh Tejinder , Murthy Akula S. N. , Kim Wanil , Kim Kyong‐Tai , Im Jungkyun
Published: November 2018

Camptothecin (CPT) and its derivatives are the only chemical class that targets the enzymatic activity of DNA topoisomerase I, which is involved in DNA damage and subsequent cell apoptosis. Despite CPT's advantages, its use has been restricted due to extremely poor solubility, drug resistance by several efflux pumps, short half‐life, and poor bioavailability. To overcome these limitations, we designed and synthesized a water‐soluble CPT‐conjugated molecular transporter that successfully and rapidly delivered CPT into cells. The conjugate had affinity toward mitochondria inside cells and it was distributed mainly to kidney, lung, and spleen. MTT assay confirmed that the CPP‐conjugate decreased cell viability of colon cancer cell lines to a much greater extent than the parent drug. This novel approach has the potential of improving CPT efficacy for future in vivo applications, especially for colon cancer therapy.
Calcination Atmosphere Regulated Morphology and Catalytic Performance of Pt/SiO2 in Gas‐phase Oxidative Dehydrogenation of KA‐oil
Authors: Hong Wei , Wang Zhi‐Qiang , Zou Shihui , Zhou Yuheng , Lu Linfang , Zhou Qiuyue , Gong Xue‐Qing , Fan Jie
Published: November 2018

It is industrially attractive to produce cyclohexanone directly from gas‐phase oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of KA‐oil (a mixture of cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol) since extra alcohol‐ketone separation process can be potentially omitted. Herein, by simply tuning the calcination atmosphere of Pt/SiO2, we successfully regulated the morphology of Pt nanoparticles and optimized their catalytic performance in ODH of KA‐oil. Pt/SiO2 calcined in O2 atmosphere showed a cube‐like morphology and achieved a 78.1 % cyclohexanone yield at 170 °C, which surpassed its counterpart calcined in H2 and most of the reported catalysts. Further experimental and theoretical calculation results indicated that cubic Pt nanoparticles possessed stronger adsorption ability to cyclohexanol and therefore performed better in ODH of KA‐oil.
Design and Conception of a Membrane Pilot Plant for the In Situ Treatment of Bioleaching Solutions
Authors: Werner Arite , Haseneder Roland , Repke Jens‐Uwe
Published: November 2018

Today's mining activities are facing deposits of decreasing metal content and an increase of complexity. Biohydrometallurgy is an industrial application that uses microorganisms to facilitate the release of metals from mineral ores, especially sulfide ores. A testing site for in situ bioleaching was established in an underground mine to recover indium and germanium from a zinc sulfide ore vein. The downstream processing of the pregnant leaching solution is also realized as in situ application by means of a membrane pilot plant, which was exclusively designed for this special application.
A hybrid CPU‐GPU‐MIC algorithm for minimal hitting set enumeration
Authors: Carastan‐Santos Danilo , Martins‐Jr David C. , Song Siang W. , Rozante Luiz C.S. , de Camargo Raphael Y.
Published: November 2018

We present a hybrid exact algorithm for the Minimal Hitting Set (MHS) Enumeration Problem for highly heterogeneous CPU‐GPU‐MIC platforms. With several techniques that permit an efficient exploitation of each architecture, low communication cost, and effective load balancing, we were able to enumerate MHSs for large instances in reasonable time, achieving good performance and scalability. We obtained speedups of up to 25.32 in comparison with using two six‐core CPUs and we also enumerated MHSs for instances with tens of thousands of variables in less than 5 hours. We also evaluated our algorithm with a real‐world driven dataset, and with a large CPU‐GPU cluster, we unprecedentedly enumerated in parallel large minimal hitting sets of this dataset in less than 8 hours. These results reinforce the statement that heterogeneous clusters of CPUs, GPUs, and MICs can be used efficiently for high‐performance computing.
UHPLC‐MS Analyses of Plant Flavonoids
Authors: Lei Zhentian , Sumner Barbara W. , Bhatia Anil , Sarma Saurav J. , Sumner Lloyd W.
Published: November 2018

Flavonoids are a class of specialized metabolites found in many different plant species. They protect against UV radiation, scavenge reactive oxygen species, are involved in plant defense responses, and are associated with plant‐microorganism interactions. They have also been reported to possess health‐promoting effects including anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer activity, and antihypertensive effects. Flavonoids encompass >10,000 structures where the types and amounts depend on the plant species, developmental stage, organ, and growth conditions. The diversity of flavonoid structures represents a significant challenge in the analysis of plant flavonoids. Many analytical techniques have been developed to detect and quantify flavonoids, and the most productive of these techniques use liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) to analyze flavonoids due to the excellent combination of selectivity and sensitivity of MS. In addition, mass spectral libraries have been constructed to further aid flavonoid identification. Here, the use of ultra‐high pressure liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐MS) in plant flavonoid analyses, with an emphasis on sample extraction, flavonoid separation, and MS detection, is described. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
World Health Organization (WHO)/International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grading in fine‐needle aspiration biopsies of renal masses
Authors: Perrino Carmen M. , Cramer Harvey M. , Chen Shaoxiong , Idrees Muhammad T. , Wu Howard H.
Published: November 2018

Background

Utilization of fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy for the evaluation of renal masses has been increasing at our institution. At times diagnostic material on direct smears is superior to that in the cell block/core biopsy, therefore assigning an accurate nuclear grade in the cytopathology report would provide useful prognostic information.

Methods

Search of the pathology database identified renal FNAs performed during an 11‐year period (2006–2017). Corresponding core biopsies and resections were identified. Cases with a diagnosis of primary renal neoplasia on FNA, core biopsy, and/or resection were included. Two pathologists reviewed all cases and assigned a World Health Organization (WHO)/International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade to each FNA, core biopsy, and resection case.

Results

A total of 162 kidney FNAs were identified. Primary renal neoplasia was diagnosed in 137 cases on core biopsy/resection. Among diagnostic FNAs of clear cell RCC and papillary RCC with core biopsy/resection specimens for re‐review (n = 52), reviewers assigned a concordant WHO/ISUP grade to 83% (43/52) of cases. Among 9 cases with discrepant scores, all had a discrepancy of 1 grade and were undergraded on FNA. Using a two tier grading system (low vs. high grade), reviewers assigned a concordant grade to 88% (46/52) of cases. Among 6 cases with discrepant scores, all were classified as low grade (WHO/ISUP grade 2) on FNA versus high grade (WHO/ISUP grade 3) on resection.

Conclusion

The WHO/ISUP grade assigned on FNA shows good concordance with subsequent resection/core specimens (83%), with all discrepant cases being undergraded by one grade.
Thai Tea Seed (Camellia oleifera) Oil Favorably Affects Plasma Lipid Responses in Hamsters Fed High‐Fat Diets
Authors: Suealek Nuchanart , Yokoyama Wallace H. , Rojpibulstit Panadda , Holt Roberta R. , Hackman Robert M.
Published: November 2018

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Dietary inclusion of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) such as olive oil (OO) can reduce CHD risk. Tea seed oil (TSO) from Camellia oleifera grown in Thailand, with a MUFA content similar to OO, may be an alternative to OO when a higher cooking smoke point is desired. The lipid profiles, liver histology, and serum chemistries of hamsters fed high‐fat diets (TSO, OO, grape seed oil or butter; 14% by weight) are analyzed. After three weeks of feeding, TSO and OO groups have similar plasma low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), very‐low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL‐C), triacylglycerols (TAG), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), and total cholesterol (TC) levels. Moreover, TC/HDL‐C and LDL‐C/HDL‐ C ratios are also comparable. Similar to the OO group, the TSO group has significantly lower plasma LDL‐C, VLDL‐C, TAG, TC, and a lower TC/ HDL‐C ratio as compared to the butter group. Some minor liver pathological lesions commonly found in rodents fed high‐fat diets are observed. Thai TSO may be a healthy option for cooking, and clinical studies are warranted.

Practical Applications: With its high smoking point, TSO is attractive to Asian consumers for their styles of cuisine. As it is produced locally, its price is cheaper than imported OO. This study demonstrates TSO's health benefits in lowering lipid profiles similar to OO. Based on this fact, this study supports Thai TSO cultivation in northern Thailand as a means of increasing rural villagers’ income.

Hamsters are divided into five groups: tea seed oil, olive oil, grape seed oil, low fat, and butter. Tea seed oil favorably lowers plasma low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) in hamsters fed high‐fat diets.
Sensitive Determination of Terbutaline Using a Platform Based on Nanoparticles of Europium Oxide and Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Teker Tuğçe , Aslanoglu Mehmet
Published: November 2018

This study presents a sensitive voltammetric determination of terbutaline (TER) on a platform based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and europium oxide nanoparticles (Eu2O3NPs) coated glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs). An ultrasonic bath was performed for the preparation of composite material. The material was characterized by energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), X‐ray diffraction method (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The Eu2O3NPs/CNTs/GCE system was assessed for the oxidation of terbutaline (TER). A broad oxidation peak was appeared at 0.71 V using a bare GCE. However, the voltammetry of TER has been improved at a GCE coated with CNTs and a well‐defined anodic peak exhibited at 0.61 V. Furthermore, the nanoparticles of Eu2O3 and CNTs coated GCE has greatly improved the electrochemical behaviour of TER and a sharp peak was appeared at 0.59 V. Cyclic voltammetry at Eu2O3NPs/CNTs/GCE also reveals a high catalytic effect for the oxidation of TER with an oxidation peak that is distinctly enhanced compared to GCE and CNTs/GCE. Eu2O3 nanoparticles were utilized to enhance the surface area of GCE and then improve the sensitivity of the procedure. The response of TER was linear over a concentration range of 2.0×10−8 M −9.5×10−6 M with an LOD of 3.7×10−9 M. Square wave voltammetric analysis of tablets by Eu2O3NPs/CNTs/GCE yielded a recovery of 99.2 % with an RSD% of 3.2. The modified electrode (EuO2NPs/CNTs/GCE) provides accuracy and precision to the analysis of samples.
BisPNA‐assisted Detection of Double‐stranded DNA via Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Liu Qianrui , Ma Kefeng , Wen Dongxiao , Sun Haobo , Wang Qiangwei , Kong Jinming , Qiu Yunliang , Li Lianzhi , Chen Wuqiao
Published: November 2018

A highly effective strategy for quantification of plasmid which was a special dsDNA based on bisPNA by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was presented in this work. Firstly, through Au−S bond, thiol‐terminated bisPNA probes were immobilized onto the gold electrode surface. Then bisPNA probes directly hybridized with target plasmid DNA pBR322 based on the PNA.DNA‐PNA invasion triplex without denaturation. In the presence of redox electroactive ions [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− as hybridization indicator, the charge transfer resistance (Rct) was produced, and Rct was measured via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Under optimal conditions, this strategy showed a good linear relationship between the ΔRct which was the difference of Rct obtained before and after bisPNA hybridized with plasmid pBR322, and logarithm of the concentration of plasmid pBR322 within the range from 1 nM to 100 nM (R2=0.993), with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.1 nM. Furthermore, this bisPNA‐assisted biosensor showed good stability and satisfactory analytical reliability. In addition, this novel bisPNA‐assisted biosensor also exhibited excellent analytical results in human serum.
Comparison of arsenic immobilization properties among calcium silicate hydrate, ettringite, and friedel's salt in a slag‐based binder
Authors: Min Xiao‐Bo , Liu De‐Gang , Chai Li‐Yuan , Ke Yong , Liang Yan‐Jie , Shi Mei‐Qing , Li Yuan‐Cheng , Tang Chong‐Jian , Wang Yun‐Yan , Wang Zhong‐Bing
Published: November 2018

Calcium silicate hydrate (CSH), ettringite, and Friedel's salt, three kinds of hydration products reported in cement‐based or slag‐based binder, are recognized as having significant roles in the solidification/stabilization (S/S) of heavy metals in wastes. However, which of these products has an excellent S/S property for arsenic has yet to be elucidated. Therefore, in this study, slag‐based binders with CSH, ettringite, and Friedel's salt as the main hydration products are prepared. Then, sodium arsenate is introduced into the slag‐based binder to prepare the matrices containing arsenic. The immobilization properties of arsenic in the three types of matrices are compared via an unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test, toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), and sequential extraction procedure analysis. The results show that sodium arsenate decreases the UCS of the three types of matrices by retarding the hydration rate of the slag‐based binder. The Friedel's salt matrices have greater long‐term strength than the other two matrices. The arsenic leaching concentrations for the Friedel's salt matrices are lower than those for the other two matrices at the same initial arsenic concentration. Moreover, the fraction of arsenic in a stable state is greater in the Friedel's salt matrices than in the CSH and ettringite matrices. Consequently, in a slag‐based binder system, matrices containing Friedel's salt phase exhibit a higher UCS, excellent arsenic immobilization capacity, and more arsenic in a residual state than those containing the other two types of matrices. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38: S422–S428, 2019
Joint user association, subchannel assignment, and power allocation in full‐duplex OFDMA heterogeneous networks
Authors: Dehghani Firouzabadi Abbas , Rabiei Amir Masoud
Published: November 2018

In‐band full‐duplex (FD) radio is regarded as a promising solution to enhance the spectral efficiency in the next‐generation wireless networks. In this paper, the problem of joint user association, subchannel assignment, and power allocation in FD orthogonal frequency‐division multiple access heterogeneous networks is considered. The weighted downlink and uplink sum rate of the network is maximized in a way that the transmit power of base stations and users remains below a given level. The problem is formulated as a nonconvex mixed‐integer nonlinear programming optimization problem. Then, it is converted into a suboptimal problem, which can be solved iteratively using difference of convex programming algorithm. Numerical results show that the proposed iterative algorithm converges quickly in few numbers of iterations with different initialization points. The results also show that the sum rate of an FD heterogeneous network can be as much as 66 % higher than the sum rate of a half‐duplex network.
Project Octo‐Pills—Engaging community pharmacists in the care of patients from a tertiary hospital: A pilot study
Authors: Neo Zhi Yang , Low Yi Ting , Ong Kheng Yong , Chong Joy Boon Ka , Lim Kiat Wee , Chan Max Wei , Lim Anson Zong Neng , Mamun Kaysar , Chen Li Li
Published: November 2018

Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness of a pilot model engaging community pharmacists in the collaborative care of patients from a tertiary hospital, in terms of identification and resolution of drug‐related problems (DRPs), and patients' acceptance and satisfaction with the program.

Methods

A prospective case series was conducted. Eligible patients were recruited from the tertiary hospital and referred to their preferred community pharmacy for medication reconciliation, review, and counseling. The number and types of DRP identified and resolved during or after the medication review were collated. A patient survey was conducted upon completion of the study.

Results

A total of 32 participants completed the study. A total of 63 DRPs were identified from 379 medications reviewed, and 60 (95.2%) were resolved by the community pharmacists. Failure to receive drug (n = 21, 33.3%) and drug interactions (n = 11, 17.5%) were the most common DRPs. Survey feedback indicated that the service was well received.

Conclusion

In this model, community pharmacists can play an important role in identifying and resolving DRPs by providing patients with medication reconciliation and review services from a more convenient location within their neighborhood.
Targeting HSP90 with the small molecule inhibitor AUY922 (luminespib) as a treatment strategy against hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Augello Giuseppa , Emma Maria Rita , Cusimano Antonella , Azzolina Antonina , Mongiovì Sarah , Puleio Roberto , Cassata Giovanni , Gulino Alessandro , Belmonte Beatrice , Gramignoli Roberto , Strom Stephen C. , McCubrey James A. , Montalto Giuseppe , Cervello Melchiorre
Published: November 2018

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly malignant tumor that responds very poorly to existing therapies, most probably due to its extraordinary inter‐ and intra‐tumor molecular heterogeneity. The modest therapeutic response to molecular targeted agents underlines the need for new therapeutic approaches for HCC. In our study, we took advantage of well‐characterized human HCC cell lines, differing in transcriptomic subtypes, DNA mutation and amplification alterations, reflecting the heterogeneity of primary HCCs, to provide a preclinical evaluation of the specific heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor AUY922 (luminespib). Indeed, HSP90 is highly expressed in different tumor types, but its role in hepatocarcinogenesis remains unclear. Here, we analyzed HSP90 expression in primary human HCC tissues and evaluated the antitumor effects of AUY922 in vitro as well as in vivo. HSP90 expression was significantly higher in HCC tissues than in cirrhotic peritumoral liver tissues. AUY922 treatment reduced the cell proliferation and viability of HCC cells in a dose‐dependent manner, but did not do so for normal human primary hepatocytes. AUY922 treatment led to the upregulation of HSP70 and the simultaneous depletion of HSP90 client proteins. In addition, in a cell type‐dependent manner, treatment induced either both caspase‐dependent β‐catenin cleavage and the upregulation of p53, or Mcl‐1 expression, or NUPR1 expression, which contributed to the increased efficacy of, or resistance to, treatment. Finally, in vivo AUY922 inhibited tumor growth in a xenograft model. In conclusion, HSP90 is a promising therapeutic target in HCC, and AUY922 could be a drug candidate for its treatment.
From Oasis Archipelago to Pioneering Eldorado in Algeria's Sahara
Authors: Amichi F. , Bouarfa S. , Kuper M. , Caron P.
Published: November 2018

Since the 1980s, the Biskra region in Algeria's Sahara has undergone rapid agricultural change leading to territorial transformation. Horticultural production under greenhouses, associated with a rapid expansion of date palm plantations, has led to a tangible agricultural boom that is constantly pushing the boundaries of agricultural production and constitutes a true pioneering fringe. To understand the pioneering logics at work, we propose to study the pioneer fringe through three fronts, namely land, water and infrastructure. First, we analyse each front separately in order to understand its logic. In a second step, through three illustrations, we show how these fronts interpenetrate, accelerate one another or, on the contrary, constrain the pioneer fringe. The analysis of the advance of the pioneering fringe has shown that it results from the interweaving of the three main fronts and each of these combines both the actions of the state and private initiative. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Meaningful Writing Opportunities: Write‐Alouds and Dialogue Journaling With Newcomer and English Learner High Schoolers
Authors: Linares Rebecca E.
Published: November 2018

The author explores how one teacher at a newcomer school (a school for recently arrived immigrants) used dialogue journaling and write‐alouds as instructional and community‐building tools in her work with multilingual ninth‐grade students with limited or interrupted formal education in their home countries. The analysis shows how the focal teacher used dialogue journaling to engage students in meaningful writing opportunities that identified and built background knowledge and facilitated context‐rich literacy instruction through accompanying scaffolded write‐alouds in which comprehensible input was provided. The author concludes with recommendations for how other teachers of language learners can utilize write‐alouds and dialogue journaling in their instruction of culturally and linguistically diverse students.