bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Oxide Inclusions on the Creep Properties of Electron Beam Welds in Ti-added Reduced Activation Ferritic/Martensitic Steel
Authors: Han Jae-Yeon , Jo Yoon-Hwan , Kim Chiwon , Lee Chang-Hoon , Moon Joonoh , Hong Hyun-Uk
Published: June 2024

In this study, the effects of reducing oxide inclusions on the microstructure, tensile properties at 550 ℃, and creep resistance of electron beam welded (EBW) joints in Ti-added reduced activation ferritic/martensitic (RAFM) steel were investigated. Two RAFM steels, designated as Steel A and Steel B, were prepared by adjusting the Al and Si contents to contain different fractions of oxide inclusions. The microstructures of the base metal and heat-affected zone (HAZ) were analyzed, and the mechanical properties of the welds were evaluated. Reducing the Al and Si content in Steel B resulted in a decrease in both the fraction and size of oxide inclusions compared to Steel A. Both steels exhibited tempered martensitic microstructures with M23C6 and MX precipitates. Hardness tests revealed that the over-tempered HAZ (OTHAZ) was the weakest region. However, both tensile test and creep tests at 550 ℃ showed fractures occurring in the base metal, indicating that the low heat input of EBW effectively minimized the weak HAZ regions. Steel B demonstrated improved tensile properties and creep resistance due to the reduced oxide inclusions. It was found that Steel B had a significantly longer creep life than Steel A at 550 ℃. SEM analysis revealed ductile fracture characterized by dimples, where oxide inclusions containing Al, Si, Ta, and Ti were predominant. The presence of these inclusions reduced the effectiveness of solid solution and precipitation strengthening by consuming Ta and Ti. Additionally, microvoids could easily nucleate at the interface between the hard oxide inclusions and the soft metal matrix during creep. Therefore, the reduction of oxide inclusions improved deformation resistance and high-temperature stability, resulting in better creep resistance in Steel B. In conclusion, the reduction of oxide inclusions in Ti-added RAFM steel enhances the high-temperature mechanical properties and creep resistance of EBW joints, underscoring the importance of oxide control in the development of RAFM steels for fusion reactor applications.
A Study on Laser Welding of Dissimilar Materials between Aluminum and Copper (Ⅱ) - Development of Laser Welding Quality Verification Technique -
Authors: Kim Yong , Kim Dong Kyu , Lee Je In
Published: June 2024

The quality management of laser welding is crucial for EV battery manufacturing as it directly affects vehicle safety. However, there is currently no test standard to evaluate the quality of laser-welded structures. Visual inspection and tensile testing have been used to examine the quality of lap joint laser welding. However, it is dangerous to determine the optimal welding parameters only by tensile strength. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal laser welding parameters by conducting tests for various load directions, such as peel, moment, and low-cycle fatigue tests. As a results, in the case of Al/Cu welding that is highly brittle, the peel test demonstrated greater discrimination than the tensile test. In contrast, the moment test was more effective at determining the strength of the local interface joints. Lastly, the fatigue test yielded similar outcomes to the tensile test. It is challenging to completely replace the tensile test results and utilize them independently. Hence, it is recommended to utilize them exclusively as sub-tests to establish the ideal laser welding conditions.
Leveraging text recall ability through translanguaging
Authors: Mgijima Vukile Desmond
Published: June 2024

his paper explores the effects of translanguaging on learners’ ability to recall information when reading texts in isiXhosa as their home language and English as their first additional language. The study engaged a Solomon four quasi-experimental design with four groups of participants: two experimental groups and two control groups. Four rural Grade 4 schools comprising 215 learners aged between nine and 12 participated in the study. The results show a positive correlation between translanguaging techniques and learner performance on the ability to recall information in their home language. Regarding English, the results display a regressed but statistically non-significant performance. The study responds to concerns about the substandard reading abilities of African (Black) learners in elementary grades in South Africa and suggests an alternative multilingual approach, translanguaging, to enhance the reading abilities of multilingual learners. It demonstrates that substantial gains can be obtained in reading development in elementary grades when translanguaging techniques are exploited.
Prospects for the development of the commercial real estate management market in the digital economy
Authors: Гюльмисарян Р.Г.
Published: June 2024

в статье рассматриваются перспективы развития рынка управления коммерческой недвижимости в условиях цифровой экономики. Проведен анализ текущей ситуации на рынке управления коммерческой недвижимостью. Отмечено, что в настоящее время в коммерческой недвижимости потребности покупателя становятся на первое место, что требует внедрения новых технологических решений, ориентированных на два направления: автоматизацию процессов внутри здания и интеграцию с внешней цифровой средой. Выявлено, что в настоящее время в коммерческой недвижимости потребности покупателя становятся на первое место, что требует внедрения новых технологических решений, ориентированных на два направления: автоматизацию процессов внутри здания и интеграцию с внешней цифровой средой. Выделены цифровые решения управления коммерческой недвижимости и определены их задачи и перспективы. Сделан вывод о том, что перспективам развития рынка управления коммерческой недвижимости в условиях цифровой экономики являются внедрение и совершенствование умных технологий, направленных на повышение конкурентоспособности коммерческих объектов, управление системами жизнеобеспечения здания, ориентация на создание комфортной экосреды в конкретной локации.

the article examines the prospects for the development of the commercial real estate management market in the digital economy. An analysis of the current situation in the commercial real estate management market was carried out. It is noted that currently in commercial real estate the needs of the buyer come first, which requires the introduction of new technological solutions focused on two areas: automation of processes inside the building and integration with the external digital environment. It has been revealed that currently in commercial real estate the needs of the buyer come first, which requires the introduction of new technological solutions focused on two areas: automation of processes inside the building and integration with the external digital environment. Digital solutions for commercial real estate management are highlighted and their tasks and prospects are determined. It is concluded that the prospects for the development of the commercial real estate management market in the digital economy are the introduction and improvement of smart technologies aimed at increasing the competitiveness of commercial facilities, managing the life support systems of the building, and focusing on creating a comfortable eco-environment in a specific location.
Features of the formation and development of the modern agri-food system of China
Authors: Александров И.О.
Published: June 2024

китайский опыт в становлении и развитии собственной агропродовольственной системы является особо актуальным для всей мировой агропродовольственной системы. Рассмотрение влияния социальных, экономических и экологических факторов на развитие агропродовольственной системы позволит получить более комплексное представление об особенностях «китайского пути» и целесообразности сельскохозяйственных реформ, проводимых во время перестройки китайской экономики. В рамках данного исследования также было определено значение «зелёных» технологий для достижения продовольственной и экологической безопасности и рассмотрены основные направления развития сельскохозяйственного сектора Китая. Кроме того, определено влияние проводимой сельскохозяйственной политики на экологическую ситуацию в стране. По результатам исследования были выявлены основные проблемы развития китайского сельскохозяйственного производства и их влияние на экологию, а также отмечены противоречия между проводимой политикой по развитию сельского хозяйства и соблюдением правил защиты окружающей среды в разных секторах экономики. В результате были обобщены основные условия успешного достижения продовольственной безопасности и повышения устойчивости агропродовольственной системы. Результаты исследования позволят достичь более глубокого понимания особенностей современной агропродовольственной системы Китая, что позволит в дальнейшем использовать китайский опыт для развития российского сельского хозяйства и агропромышленного комплекса.

the Chinese experience in establishing and developing its own agri-food system is particularly relevant for the entire global agri-food system. Consideration of the impact of social, economic and environmental factors on the development of the agro-food system will provide a more comprehensive understanding of the features of the "Chinese way" and the expediency of agricultural reforms carried out during the restructuring of the Chinese economy. This study also determined the importance of green technologies for achieving food and environmental security and examined the main directions of development of China's agricultural sector. In addition, the impact of the agricultural policy on the environmental situation in the country has been determined. According to the results of the study, the main problems of the development of Chinese agricultural production and their impact on the environment were identified, and contradictions between the policy of agricultural development and compliance with environmental protection rules in different sectors of the economy were noted. As a result, the main conditions for the successful achievement of food security and increasing the sustainability of the agro-food system were summarized. The results of the study will allow us to achieve a deeper understanding of the features of China's modern agro-food system, which will allow us to further use Chinese experience for the development of Russian agriculture and the agro-industrial complex.
Innovations in education and their economic impact
Authors: Иваненко И.А. , Гарбузова Т.Г. , Косякова Л.Н. , Повесьма Л.А. , Митрофанова И.П.
Published: June 2024

статья поднимает актуальную тему инноваций в образовании и их влияние на экономику. Инновации в образовании включают в себя широкий спектр изменений, включая использование технологий, новые методики обучения, и разработку креативных курсов. В статье рассматриваются различные аспекты экономического эффекта инноваций в образовании, такие как повышение производительности, увеличение конкурентоспособности, снижение затрат на обучение и подготовку кадров, и улучшение рынка труда. Также обсуждаются примеры успешной реализации инноваций в образовательных системах различных стран и их влияние на экономический рост. В выводах подчеркивается важность инноваций в образовании как ключевого фактора для устойчивого развития экономики в условиях быстро меняющегося мира.

the article raises the topical issue of innovations in education and their impact on the economy. Innovations in education include a wide range of changes, including the use of technology, new teaching methods, and the development of creative courses. The article examines various aspects of the economic effect of innovations in education, such as increasing productivity, increasing competitiveness, reducing the cost of education and training, and improving the labor market. Examples of successful implementation of innovations in educational systems of various countries and their impact on economic growth are also discussed. The conclusions emphasize the importance of innovation in education as a key factor for sustainable economic development in a rapidly changing world.
The cost advantage of physical neural networks
Authors: Жердин Д.А. , Дмитриев А.Г.
Published: June 2024

автоматизированные системы в современном мире играют огромную роль. В совокупности они напоминают искусственную нервную систему, созданную людьми для обеспечения безопасности и комфорта человеческой жизнедеятельности на планете. Количество автоматизированных систем становиться настолько огромным, что стоимость каждой системы, так или иначе, влияет на глобальную экономику. В настоящей статье описывается новый, более экономичный способ построения универсальных автоматизированных систем на базе т.н. «физической нейронной сети» и показывается его эффективность с экономической точки зрения. В качестве основы для построения физической нейросети используются принципы заложенные природой в простых нервных системах беспозвоночных животных. Результат исследования показывает, что использование бионических принципов для построения автоматизированных систем является эффективным, экономически выгодным методом решения задач автоматизации.

automated systems in the modern world play a huge role. Together they resemble an artificial nervous system created by people to ensure the safety and comfort of human life on the planet. The number of automated systems is becoming so huge that the cost of each system, one way or another, affects the global economy. This paper describes a new, more economical way of building universal automated systems on the basis of the so-called "physical neural network" and shows its effectiveness from the economic point of view. As a basis for building a physical neural network the principles laid down by nature in simple nervous systems of invertebrate animals are used. The result of the study shows that the use of bionic principles for the construction of automated systems is an effective, cost-effective method of solving automation problems.
Comparative analysis of non-financial statements in the banking sector (by the example of Sberbank PJSC and Credit Bank of Moscow PJSC)
Authors: Кольцов С.А.
Published: June 2024

в статье приводится сравнительный анализ предоставляемых нефинансовых отчетностей двух крупных российских банков, входящих в лидеры по рэнкингу устойчивого развития, формируемым аналитическим агентством «РАЭКС Аналитика» на январь 2024 года. В начале статьи раскрываются отрасли, в которых преобладают компании, имеющие высокие показатели в оценке соблюдения принципов ESG в Российской Федерации. Затем происходит аналитический и сравнительный анализы отчетности, предоставляемыми обоими банками для инвесторов и прочих пользователей, указываются причины выбора тех или иных типов используемых материалов. По итогам работы представлены выводы о том, что увеличение популярности темы устойчивого развития начинается с широко известных компаний, поэтому банковский сектор является одним из таких кандидатов-посредников подобной информации, который имеет возможности на продвижение «зеленой» повестки в широком масштабе.

the article provides a comparative analysis of the non-financial reporting provided by two large Russian banks, which are among the leaders in the sustainable development ranking, compiled by the analytical agency RAEX Analytics for January 2024. At the beginning of the article, the industries dominated by companies that have high scores in assessing compliance with ESG principles in the Russian Federation are revealed. Then there is an analytical and comparative analysis of the reports provided by both banks for investors and other users, and the reasons for choosing certain types of materials used are indicated. Based on the results of the work, the conclusions are presented that the increase in the popularity of the topic of sustainable development begins with well-known companies, so the banking sector is one of the candidate intermediaries of such information that has the ability to promote the “green” agenda on a large scale.
Dynamic analysis of the residential real estate market
Authors: Чан Х.Х. , Конников Е.А. , Родионов Д.Г.
Published: June 2024

динамический анализ рынка жилой недвижимости представляет собой комплексный, многоаспектный методологический подход, целью которого является всестороннее понимание эволюционирующих процессов, формирующих рыночные условия и тенденции. Исследование базируется на синтезе количественных и качественных аналитических инструментов, направленных на детальную интерпретацию и прогнозирование ключевых экономических показателей, таких как спрос, предложение и ценообразование, с учетом временной и пространственной динамики. Ключевым аспектом динамического анализа выступает концепция времени как основного измерения, что позволяет отслеживать изменения на рынке и адаптировать стратегии соответственно. Исследование подчеркивает значимость интеграции многомерных данных для глубокого понимания влияния экономических, социальных и технологических изменений на рынок жилой недвижимости. Применение передовых методов анализа, включая машинное и глубокое обучение, обогатило понимание сложных зависимостей и улучшило прогностические способности. Исследование демонстрирует неоценимую роль динамического анализа для разработки стратегий различными участниками рынка, включая инвесторов, застройщиков и государственные органы, стремящихся к эффективному управлению и адаптации к изменяющейся рыночной среде.

dynamic analysis of the residential real estate market is a comprehensive, multidimensional methodological approach, the purpose of which is a comprehensive understanding of the evolving processes shaping market conditions and trends. The study is based on a synthesis of quantitative and qualitative analytical tools aimed at detailed interpretation and forecasting of key economic indicators, such as demand, supply and pricing, taking into account temporal and spatial dynamics. A key aspect of dynamic analysis is the concept of time as the main dimension, which allows you to monitor changes in the market and adapt strategies accordingly. The study highlights the importance of integrating multidimensional data to deeply understand the impact of economic, social and technological changes on the residential real estate market. The use of advanced analysis techniques, including machine learning and deep learning, has enriched the understanding of complex relationships and improved predictive abilities. The study demonstrates the invaluable role of dynamic analysis in developing strategies by various market participants, including investors, developers and government agencies, seeking to effectively manage and adapt to a changing market environment.
Approaches to building a client-oriented model for improving a decision support system using fuzzy logic methods
Authors: Чирков А.С.
Published: June 2024

в статье приводятся рассмотрение общего механизма, преимуществ и недостатков использования метода нечеткой логики в системе разработки и принятия управленческих решений, а также определение особенностей применения методов нечеткой логики в клиенто-ориентированных моделях совершенствования системы поддержки принятия решений. В исследовании рассмотрены вариации построения клиенто-ориентированных моделей совершенствования системы поддержки принятия решений на основе применения методов нечеткой логики; разработана нечеткая модель для консалтинговой компании в сфере выбора профессий и обучения. Основными результатами являются выводы об эффективности использования методов нечеткой логики в построении клиенто-ориентированных моделей совершенствования системы поддержки принятия решений, а также обоснование необходимости внесения программы применения математических методов нечеткой логики в курсы обучения по программам менеджмента и предпринимательства.

the article discusses the general mechanism, advantages and disadvantages of using the fuzzy logic method in the system of development and management decision-making, as well as determining the features of using fuzzy logic methods in client-oriented models of improving the decision support system. The study considers variations in the construction of client-oriented models for improving the decision support system based on the use of fuzzy logic methods; a fuzzy model is developed for a consulting company in the field of career choice and training. The main results are conclusions about the effectiveness of using fuzzy logic methods in building client-oriented models for improving the decision support system, as well as the justification for the need to introduce a program for using mathematical methods of fuzzy logic in training courses for management and entrepreneurship programs.
Police Duties and Functions in Realizing Justice and Legal Certainty Under Police Law No. 2 Of 2002
Authors: Febriawan Yoan
Published: June 2024

The National Police of the Republic of Indonesia (Polri) holds a crucial role in upholding security and public order (Kamtibmas) as one of the key state institutions. Governed by Law Number 2 of 2002 concerning the National Police of the Republic of Indonesia, this research aims to scrutinize and assess the duties and functions assigned to the police according to this legislation, with a focus on their ability to achieve justice and legal certainty. Employing normative research methods, this study relies on a literature review as its primary data collection technique. The collected data undergoes analysis through three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings of this research reveal that under Police Law No. 2 of 2002, the functions of the police are outlined in Article 2. These functions encompass maintaining security and public order, law enforcement, protection, and community service, positioning the police as an integral part of state governance. Additionally, Article 13 delineates the primary duties of the police, emphasizing their responsibility in maintaining security and public order, enforcing laws, and offering protection, guidance, and service to the community.
Application of Steam and Scientific Approaches in Various Learning Models
Authors: Anida Setyawan Alwafa Refinning
Published: June 2024

Competitive and productive are the keys to victory to become a developed country, this is the basic capital for the Indonesian people to win the global battle and this has been owned since the time of our ancestors. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of applying the STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) approach in various learning models and examine its impact on students' creativity, initiative, and innovation. The application of STEAM learning with an integrated implementation with the application of application-based science fields in children's daily lives through a scientific approach, thus enabling learners to create, take initiative, and innovate individually, because STEAM content is learning with cross-disciplinary connections through exploration opportunities so that it is expected that there is a link between science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics by utilizing existing facilities in the surrounding environment to solve problems in building positive knowledge.
Strategy for Increasing Organizational Commitment through Strengthening the Effectiveness of Human Resource Management, Organizational Culture, Trust, and Perceived Organizational Support
Authors: Interdiana Candra Sari Ani , Rubini Bibin , Wulandari Dian
Published: June 2024

Organizations require high commitment from employees to achieve optimal goals, which can be improved through effective human resource (HR) management, a strong organizational culture, and a high level of trust. This research aims to identify optimal strategies, methods, and solutions to increase organizational commitment by strengthening the effectiveness of human resource management, organizational culture, and trust. Using a quantitative design and path analysis approach processed using SEM PLS, data was collected through a questionnaire to 139 foundation permanent teachers from 16 private high schools in South Jakarta City. The results of the study show that there is a positive and significant direct influence of the effectiveness of human resource management and organizational culture on organizational commitment. In addition, there is a positive and significant direct influence of the effectiveness of HR management on trust, but the direct influence of organizational culture on trust, as well as the direct influence of trust on organizational commitment, is not significant. It was also found that there was a positive but not significant indirect influence of the effectiveness of human resource management and organizational culture on organizational commitment through trust. The implications of this study emphasize the need for strategies to strengthen the effectiveness of HR management by improving compensation and maintaining positive aspects such as maintenance, HR planning, training and development, HR procurement, and performance appraisal. Organizational culture must be maintained through relationships between individuals, relationships with the environment, consistency of behavior, core values, and agreed norms.
Designing data-informed support for building learning habits in the Japanese K12 context
Authors: Hsu Chia-Yu , Horikoshi Izumi , Li Huiyong , Majumdar Rwitajit , Ogata Hiroaki
Published: June 2024

While building proper learning habits has been said to enhance academic performance, it is challenging to give long-term support for building habits in educational contexts due to the lack of continuous tracing of one’s habitual behaviors. With the accumulation of learning logs and the advancement of Learning Analytics (LA) techniques, this paper illustrates the data-informed support for building learning habits, which involves persuading one to change behaviors. Specifically, we tackled 2 research objectives following the Persuasive Systems Design (PSD) model. First, we defined indicators of learning habits from log data and analyzed 115,340 learning logs of 96 learners from a Japanese junior high school. As a result, the learners’ types of habits could be detected even though some might not be efficient and the stages of habits fluctuated over time. We also identified differences when comparing the learning habits extracted from the log data with those reported in the questionnaire. Second, based on the understanding of the learner profiles, we designed elements of an LA dashboard to support habit-building by applying the design principles from the PSD model. Overall, the learners recognized the feasibility of integrating data-informed support into their daily learning. Therefore, we look forward to the evidence of its effectiveness on the behavior change that can be depicted by the transition between stages of different types of learning habits.
Assessment of Nutritional Status Among Undergraduate Students at a Nairobi Tertiary Institution Using BMI and Waist Circumference Metrics
Authors: Ndung'u Joseph , Waudo Judith , Kobia Joseph
Published: June 2024

This study investigated the impact of dietary and lifestyle changes on the nutritional status of undergraduate students during their transition to university life and the associated risk for non- ommunicable diseases. A review of global studies indicated varying prevalence rates of overweight and obesity among university students, influenced by diet, physical activity, and sleep patterns. This research specifically assessed the nutritional status of Kenyatta University students in Nairobi, Kenya, with an emphasis on the limited studies utilizing both BMI and waist circumference for assessment. Employing a cross-sectional, analytical design, the study was conducted at Kenyatta University Main Campus in Nairobi County. This public research university, founded in 1970, was selected for its urban setting and its representation of young adults. The target population comprised undergraduate students pursuing bachelor’s degrees, with inclusion criteria of voluntary participation and at least six months on campus. Multi-stage stratified sampling was used to select 260 participants. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire, pretested on 10% of the sample, with reliability assessed via a test-retest method. Anthropometric measurements were taken by trained research assistants. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 24, evaluating nutritional status with BMI and waist circumference. Ethical considerations and COVID-19 protocols were rigorously observed. Findings revealed that, based on BMI, 67.5% of respondents had normal weight, while 8.4%, 16.5%, and 7.6% were underweight, overweight, and obese, respectively. The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity (BMI ≥ 25) was 24.1%. Female respondents showed a higher prevalence of obesity (63.2%) and overweight (73.2%) compared to males. In the underweight category, more males were underweight (57.1%) than females. Waist circumference assessment indicated that 21.7% had abdominal obesity, with a higher prevalence among females (87%) compared to males (13%), highlighting a gender-based risk factor for abdominal obesity. The study’s BMI analysis revealed a substantial proportion of respondents within the normal weight range, with significant gender disparities in obesity and overweight prevalence. The waist circumference assessment underscored a notable occurrence of abdominal obesity, particularly among females, indicating gender-specific susceptibility to this health concern.
Incidences of Pregnancy During Concurrent Use of Hormonal Contraceptives and Antiretroviral Therapy at Nakuru County Referral and Teaching Hospital in Kenya
Authors: BELDINA AKINYI Mbori , Momanyi Lydia , Jeff Murangiri Gitonga , James Mutei Musiva
Published: June 2024

With concerns on the efficacy and effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives and antiretroviral therapy in curbing incidences of unplanned pregnancies among women living with Human Immunodeficiency virus infection, a study to examine these concerns was carried out at Nakuru County Referral and Teaching Hospital (NCRTH). A cross-sectional retrospective study was carried out at the Comprehensive Care Centre (CCC) at NCRTH from March 2023 to April 2023 with a sample size of 226 participants however the estimated sample size using the Taro Yamane formula was 358. Data was collected using structured questionnaires with both open and close-ended questions and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Frequency tables, bar graphs, and percentages were used to present descriptive statistics. Chi-square was used to conduct inferential statistics, and P<0.05 was considered significant. The majority (86.7%) of participants were on TLD (Tenofovir, Lamivudine, Dolutegravir). Most participants (37.17%) had used ART for 6-10 years. 79.65% of participants avoided pregnancy with concurrent hormonal contraceptives and ART, while 20.35% experienced pregnancies. 15.22% of pregnant participants also used other medications, especially anti-TBs, due to drug-drug interactions. Injectables were the most common contraceptive (41.3%) used by participants who had pregnancy incidences. A significant association was noted between the incidence of unplanned pregnancy and the use of combined oral contraceptives. Incidences of unplanned pregnancies were higher among those aged 30-34 (32.61%), married (73.91%), with secondary education (43.48%), self-employed (60.87%), and Protestant (73.91%). From this study, TLD was the most commonlyused antiretroviral, injectables were the most commonly used contraceptive, and the majority of the participants had used antiretrovirals for 6-10 years. Despite the concurrent use of hormonal contraceptives and antiretrovirals to avoid pregnancy incidences, 20.35% of the participants had unplanned pregnancy incidences. 15.22% of these participants who got pregnant were using other medications. Unplanned pregnancies were more common among certain demographic groups. From this study, data on pregnancy incidents during concurrent use of hormonal contraceptives and antiretroviral therapy is availed however limitations such as study design and time limit necessitatemore research. To reduce the risk of unplanned pregnancies and ensure the appropriate use of hormonal contraceptives, more support and counseling programs should be established for women using antiretrovirals.
Regulatory Compliance of Cosmetic Products in Kenya: A Narrative Review on Quality and Safety
Authors: Otieno Filex , Vugigi Sarah
Published: June 2024

This study reviews the regulatory compliance of cosmetic products in Kenya, with a focus on consumer risks and potential public health impact. A narrative review study design was employed and a literature search was conducted using government reports, publications, academic databases, and other relevant sources. Keywords such as cosmetic industry challenges and cosmetic regulation in Kenya were employed to search the literature for papers. Data focusing on regulatory frameworks, enforcement mechanisms, adverse reactions, and industry challenges was then extracted and discussed in the form of a narration. The growth of the cosmetic industry, fueled by urbanization, a rising middle class, and increased grooming awareness, has attracted both local and international investors, presenting challenges in maintaining product quality and safety standards. Seven cases of adverse reactions related to cosmetics were reported by Pharmacy and Poisons Board between 2018-2023. The current study identifies noteworthy challenges by examining Kenya’s regulatory framework, led by the Pharmacy and Poisons Board and the Kenya Bureau of Standards. Enforcement disparities within international standards, variance in regulations on prohibited ingredients, inconsistent labeling requirements, industry dynamics, and counterfeiting, compounded with the complex nature of safety assessments raise concerns for cosmetic regulators, distributors, and manufacturers. The study highlights existing gaps in regulatory oversight emphasizing the necessity of robust enforcement mechanisms. Compliance assessments by KEBS and PPB encompass the evaluation of ingredients, formulations, microbial contamination, packaging, and labeling. Factors contributing to regulatory noncompliance include poor product quality aggravated by supply chain complexities in the vast and diverse sector. The cosmetic cottage industry inadvertently presents a quality risk to consumers due to limited process and testing capacity. Reported adverse reactions, particularly to mercury-containing skin-lightening products, raise concerns about public health implications. This study advocates for continuous product monitoring and heightened vigilance. The review proposes improvement strategies, emphasizing a dynamic regulatory approach, periodic ingredient reviews, a centralized product approval system, and alignment with global manufacturing standards. Targeted consumer education initiatives focusing on product quality attributes, adverse reaction reporting, label reading, and counterfeit awareness are recommended.
An Occult Laryngeal Foreign Body in A 2-Year-Old Child: A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, 20 Août Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco.
Published: June 2024

Lodgment of foreign bodies in the larynx is a relatively infrequent incident, given that aspirated foreign bodies generally traverse the respiratory tract and often get stuck in the lower airways. The diagnosis of a laryngeal foreign body poses significant challenges, particularly when the object in question is small, radiolucent, and induces partial airway obstruction. Foreign body aspiration (FBA) is commonly identified in pediatric cases, characterized by a sudden onset of symptoms such as cough, dyspnea, and wheezing. This manifestation becomes especially conspicuous when there are no underlying lung conditions like asthma or chronic pulmonary infections. The differential diagnosis hinges on a comprehensive scoring system that evaluates both clinical and radiological aspects. Presented here is a case involving a 4-year-old child with a laryngeal foreign body, initially misdiagnosed due to the patient's asymptomatic presentation. This case underscores the nuances of clinical manifestation, the investigative process, and subsequent management strategies.
Artificial Intelligence - Digital Limiter of Consciousness
Authors:   Doctor of Philology, Master in Psychology, translator, writer, Republic of Moldova.
Published: June 2024

Translation as one of the types of human activity is related to topical philosophical issues, including transhumanism, as well as the need for its application in modern technologies for creating a man-machine and the upcoming AI singularity. The accuracy and unambiguity of language content is the foundation of AI software. For a specialized technical translation, this is an undeniable advantage in terms of the speed and efficiency of the process. The reduction of heterogeneity and polysemy of any language as a reflection of the activity of human consciousness to unambiguous definitions is an absolute limiter of creative mental activity. Specific examples of the intervention of an automatic editor in the process of individual activity of an AI user demonstrate real conflict situations. According to the author, translation is a universal property of human thinking, and cognitive processes are generated by the activity of the brain, and not exclusively by its structure. Combinatorial thinking is unique to humans. Reflection - the subject's appeal to himself - is one of the most important acts of consciousness, which makes it possible for an individual translation of thoughts into their native and any other language.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Some Schiff Base Derivatives
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
Published: June 2024

Schiff bases are the nitrogen analogs of ketones or aldehydes, with the carbonyl functional group replaced by an imine or azomethine group. They are formed by the condensation reaction of a primary amine and a carbonyl group, and they are widely employed in industry and have a variety of biological activities. Four Schiff base derivatives were successfully synthesized from benzaldehyde (PC1), anisaldehyde (PC2), 4-nitrobenzaldehyde (PC 2), and cinnamaldehyde (PC4) and tested for their antibacterial capabilities were evaluated against bacteria and fungi. The Schiff base had a high percentage yield of 98.28% (PC1), 95.7% (PC2), 91.6% (PC3), and 98% (PC4), with melting points ranging from 178 -187°C, 183-191°C, 160-164°C, and 195-205°C respectively. All Schiff bases showed activity against Escherichia coli with a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 62.5ug/ml (PC1, PC4) and 250ug/ml (PC2, PC3). The Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations (MBC) were 125ug/ml, 500ug/ml, and 250ug/ml for PC1, PC2 and PC4 respectively. PC3 showed no bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli. Schiff bases PC1, PC2, and PC3 showed activity against Staphylococcus aureus with MIC of 62.5ug/ml. The MBC obtained was 125ug/ml for PC1 and PC2, while 125ug/ml, and 250ug/ml for PC3. PC4 showed no bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Schiff bases showed fungistatic activity against Candida albican with MIC of 250ug/ml, 62.5ug/ml, and 125ug/ml for PC1, PC2/PC3, and PC4 respectively. However, none showed fungicidal activity.
High-Dose Methotrexate (Hd-Mtx) : Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Of Patients Followed At The Toxicology Department Of The University Hospital Of Setif, Algeria
Authors:   Toxicology Department, Saadna Abdennour University Hospital, Setif. Algeria
Published: June 2024

Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of methotrexate is widely recommended during high-dose administration (> 1 g/m2) in various chemotherapy protocols. This study aims to analyze the blood concentration methotrexate profile to detect delayed elimination in patients monitored at the toxicology department of the University Hospital of Sétif for MTX blood testing. A retrospective descriptive monocentric study was conducted, including all adult patients over 15 years old treated for malignant hematologic disorders with HD-MTX (> 1 g/m2) during their initial therapy. The results revealed that out of 189 monitored patients, only 79 underwent MTX level assessment at 48 hours and 72 hours. Among them, 77.2% exhibited elimination delays at 48 hours and 52% at 72 hours. The analysis of risk factors associated with elimination delay (age, gender, and dosage) did not show any statistically significant correlation. Considering the risk associated with elimination delay in potentiating the toxic effect of MTX, pharmacological therapeutic monitoring remains essential to adjust rescue measures through folinic acid administration and/or intensification of alkaline hydration. This approach aims to enhance the safety and efficacy of HD-MTX-based treatments.
Echocardiogram Diagnosis of Complex Congenital Cardiac Malformations
Authors:   MBBS, DCH (CMC&H, Vellore, S. India) (DNB Ped), Consultant Paediatrician, Grace Specialist Clinic, #4 Church Street, 4th Main, Horumavu Main Road, Bansawadi, Bangalore 560043, India.
Published: June 2024

Background: Complex congenital cardiac malformations rarely reported in literature Objective: Study was undertaken to define complex congenital cardiac malformations by Echocardiogram Materials and Methods: Prospective study included 101 children aged 2 to14 years, both male and female during March 2004 to February 2005 and July 2006 who attended in-patients & outpatient departments at Vyedhi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre (VIMS & RC) and Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardio-vascular Sciences and Research of Cardiology (SJICR), Bangalore, India. Clinical diagnosis was confirmed by relevant investigations and Echocardiography. Results: Complex congenital cardiac malformations presented in 16 (15.99%) of 101 children raising the total number of cardiac defects to 121. Majority 77 (76.2%) acyanotic cardiac malformations comprised of 29 (28.72%) Atrial Septal Defects (ASD) had 11 complex cardiac malformations. Three cases ASD + Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage (PAPVC), 2 cases ASD + Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) + Mitral Valve prolapse (MVP), 2 cases ASD + Pulmonary Stenosis (PS,) 1 case ASD + PDA + PS, 1 case ASD + Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD), 1 case ASD + Coarctation of Aorta (CoA) and 1 case ASD + MVP. Next 23 (22.77%) VSD had 4 complex cardiac malformation cases, 3 cases of VSD + Aortic Stenosis (AS) of which one case had dextrocardia and 1 case VSD + PS. Followed by AS 8 (7.9%) with 1 case of AS + CoA, another case had VSD + AS. Among 24 (23.76%) cyanotic defects, TOF18 (17.8%) was the commonest, other rare variants included Double Outlet Right Ventricle (DORV) 4(3.96%) one case with dextrocardia. Pentalogy of Fallot 1 (0.99%) and Triology of Fallot 1 (0.99%). The age distribution revealed most 30(29.8%) were young children aged 2-4 years with overall male predominance Male:Female::1.3:1, observed contrasted to female predominance noted in ASD and TOF, M:F::1:2 and M:F::1:1.3 respectively Conclusion: Complex congenital cardiac malformations presented in 16(15.99%) of 101 children raising the total number of cardiac defects to 121
Bipolar Disorder and Climatic Factors
Authors:   Consultant in psychiatry, Private clinic, 23 rue mongi slim 7050 Menzel bourguiba, Tunisia.
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Climate change is a global phenomenon that affects various aspects of our lives, from the environment to our physical health. However, its impact on mental health, particularly on conditions like bipolar disorder, has gained increasing attention in recent years and several studies have suggested a correlation between seasonal changes and the nature of episodes during relapses. Methods: This is a descriptive retrospective study of a sample of 100 Tunisian patients with bipolar disorder type I to investigate the influence of climatic factors on the evolutionary profile of bipolar disorder in order to determine the distribution of depressive and manic episodes based on the season of relapses. A pre-established form containing socio-demographic and clinical data was completed. All patients gave oral consent. Results: The findings indicate a tendency for manic relapses during spring-summer and depressive episodes during autumn-winter. This observation is supported by the monthly distribution of relapses, showing a prevalence of manic relapses during warm months and depressive episodes during cold months. Over a period of ten years, the analysis of 230 thymic episodes confirms this trend, highlighting the prevalence of manic episodes during hot season and depressive episodes during cold season. Discussion: Despite the limitations of this study, such as sample size, the results suggest a potential seasonal influence on the evolutionary profile of bipolar disorder type I. Our results are conform to literature. Conclusion: Climate changes have been very marked in last years and their consequences on mental health are becoming increasingly known. Taking this into account could contribute to the development of a more appropriate and targeted care for patients suffering from psychiatric disorders, and in particular in the case of bipolar disorder.
Efficacy of the probiotic Bacillus subtilis DG101 in preventing overweight in healthy individuals: a double blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Departamento de Microbiología. Suipacha 531 (Sala 9 Hospital Provincial del Centenario), Rosario (2000), Argentina
Published: June 2024

At some point in life, most people have successfully tried to achieve an adequate body weight. But such achievement is difficult to maintain over time. A good balance between diet and lifestyle is beneficial to achieve a healthy personal fitness, and the intestinal microbiota, in particular probiotics, could play an important role on it. In this work, we demonstrate the proficiency of the human probiotic bacterium Bacillus subtilis DG101 to maintain body weight, total fat content and BMI of healthy individuals within optimal limits. We conducted a double blind, placebo-controlled study involving a total of 133 healthy participants meeting the inclusion criteria and randomized in two groups (intervention group, n = 66 participants who received the probiotic, and the placebo group, n = 67 participants). At each bi-monthly visit to our center over 12 months (study duration), the parameters measured in each participant were body weight, fat content and BMI. Linear regression (ANOVA) was used to test differences in response to treatments (probiotic and placebo). The participants (of both sexes) who incorporated the probiotic B. subtilis DG101 into their diets were able to maintain, and even improve (healthy decrease), the body weight, fat content and BMI compared to the placebo group after the 12 months. The participants did not manifest any adverse effect caused by consuming the probiotic. Overall, the present results show the human probiotic Bacillus subtilis DG101 as an effective strategy to prevent overweight in healthy individuals.
Case – Neonatal -Bilateral Scrotal Pyocele: An Unusual Manifestation of Salmonellosis
Authors:   School of Medicine, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia.
Published: June 2024

Pyocele, or neonatal bilateral scrotal abscess, is an uncommon condition in the neonatal period that is brought on by bacterial organisms following bacteremia or retrograde reflux as a result of genitourinary disorders. Usually, the feco-oral pathway is used to disseminate salmonellosis, whether it is typhoidal or not. Although acute gastroenteritis is the most common symptom of Salmonella, extra-intestinal symptoms such as reactive arthritis and osteomyelitis have been reported. This case report details a unique instance of bilateral scrotal abscess caused by neonatal salmonella, the first of its kind to be documented in Ethiopia. No anomalies of the urinary system were found. Cerebrospinal fluid, blood, and urine cultures came out negative.