bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Młodzieżowa rada gminy jako narzędzie partycypacji obywatelskiej młodzieży na przykładzie Gminy Wielka Wieś
Authors: Calik Anna
Published: January 2023

Over time, they are more and more tools emerging to increase civic participation of young people at the local level. A form of manifestation of a given phenomenon are the Youth Municipal Council. As a result of their activities, young people stand a chance to gain valuable experience and consider the shape of local government policy. In Poland, there are already over 400 Youth Municipal Councils in which there are active members who want to make a real contribution and influence the local environment. There is a noticeable great potential for youth involvement, which, if properly used, can significantly increase the participation of young people in decision-making processes and, in the longer term, contribute to increased participation in political life. This article will present the example of the Youth Municipal Councils as a form of youth participation on the example of the Wielka Wieś Commune. The article focuses on several issues. Do young people share the idea of civic participation and want to take part in promoting it, and in what areas does the youth, through Youth Councils, influence changes in their local environment and what are the consequences of this? At the same time, it tries to verify the research hypothesis that the functioning of the Youth Municipal Councils – including the Wielka Wieś Commune, contributes to the strengthening and dissemination of the idea of civic participation among young people. Young people, gain- ing even marginal influence on the shape of the regulation at an early stage of its creation, will be more likely to become involved in its implementation later. The methodological core of the work is the analysis of the literature on the subject, good practices and partial research results related to the subject of the article among councilors from the Youth Municipal Councils in Wielka Wieś.
Ustawodawstwo covidowe w świetle hierarchii źródeł prawa w Polsce – wybrane aspekty
Authors: Chrobak Kinga , Burek Wiktoria
Published: January 2023

The aim of the article is to discuss legal solutions adopted in response to the spreading SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic and their location in the hierarchy of sources of law in Poland. Selected legal regulations adopted in connection with the announcement of the COVID-19 virus epidemic have been analysed. The assessment of compliance of Covidian sources of law with the hierarchy of legal acts indicated by the Constitution is made through an analysis of the introduced restrictions, such as: the obligation to cover mouths and noses, closure of catering establishments or restrictions on their operation, implementation of the principle of openness in court hearings or violation of the principle of non-discrimination of entrepreneurs. At the same time, the paper addresses the problem of the introduction of one of the states of emergency provided for by the Constitution. The article is based on substantive legal provisions, court rulings and commentaries by persons specialising in constitutional law. At the same time, it provides a comparative account of the ‘covidium regulations’ and fundamental rights under the Constitution of the Republic of Poland.
Prezes Biura do Spraw Substancji Chemicznych
Authors: Dunaj Piotr
Published: January 2023

The subject of the analysis in this article is the legal status of the President of the Bureau for Chemical Substances. The President acts as the central government administration body responsible for chemical substances and their mixtures. Its functioning is justified by the threats to human life and health as well as the natural environment, which are associated with the production and trade of chemical substances. The article discusses, on the basis of relevant legal acts, the tasks of the President of the Bureau for Chemical Substances. In the author’s opinion, cooperation with international institutions, especially the European Commission and the European Chemicals Agency, is essential for the proper performance of the tasks by the President of the Bureau for Chemical Substances. Thanks to it, it is possible to take uniform actions to ensure chemical security within the European Union.
Aksjologia prawa administracyjnego. Czas jako wartość w funkcjonowaniu urzędu gminy
Authors: Faron Aleksandra
Published: January 2023

The article incorporates the subjects of time in municipal office. The aim of the article is examining the time’s influence on the work of municipal offices, in particular mayor, officials, the connotation between time and internal audit and also examine the influence of municipal office’s work at clients’ satisfaction. The above levels of functioning of the office are directly related to its work, while in their structure they are located closest to the citizens. A body such as the mayor, as well as his employees, therefore have a great impact on the implementation of the principle of subsidiarity. According to the principle of subsidiarity, all decisions affecting citizens should be made at the lowest possible levels and as quickly as possible to those citizens. Internal audit improves the functioning of the two planes indicated above, moreover, it is a manifestation of the implementation of the principle of good public administration. Thus, the choice of all three planes as the subject of the following analysis is intended to show the practical dimension of the value of time, and thus indicate its relevance in the functioning of the municipal office. The examination of cases was carried out on the basis of specialistic literature concerning the meanings of time in administrative law and also of mayor’s orders, the organization regulations in municipal office and statistical survey. In the aim of better understanding of the issue, the author discussed the definition of time, time in administrative law, the office and the municipal office. The results of the examinations are the conclusion of a legal solution – introducing the concept of time and term to the legal acts in the municipal office and also the conclusions of time work’s modifications.
Problematyka kompetencji wojewody w świetle specustawy o pomocy obywatelom Ukrainy. Wybrane aspekty
Authors: Krzywicka Katarzyna
Published: January 2023

On 24 February 2022. The Russian Federation launched an armed attack on the territory of Ukraine, resulting in an outbreak of war and a massive influx of Ukrainian citizens into Poland. Consequently, it became necessary to regulate refugee issues by law. This was done in the Law on Assistance to Citizens of Ukraine in Connection with the Armed Conflict on the Territory of that State, indicating the manner in which assistance is to be provided and the proceedings in cases concerning citizens of Ukraine whose stay is deemed legal under the above law. The broad powers granted by the Act to certain state entities may raise questions. The paper discusses the tasks and powers granted under the above Act to the provincial governor, analysing their scope and assessing their expediency and rationality. The article concludes with de lege ferenda proposals, the introduction of which would make it possible to improve the performance of tasks concerning the assistance of Ukrainian citizens by the provincial governor and to dispel doubts raised by certain provisions of the Act.
Zasada konstytucjonalizacji samorządu w ustawach zasadniczych II i III Rzeczypospolitej jako przesłanka tworzenia samorządów zawodowych (na przykładzie samorządu aptekarskiego/farmaceutycznego)
Authors: Stych Marek
Published: January 2023

The aim of the article is to analyze the impact of constitutional provisions on the functioning of professional self-government and their further development in statutory provisions. The author seeks to answer the following questions: what constitutional solutions regarding professional self-government were adopted in the constitutions of the Second and Third Republics of Poland, which constitutional provisions were more conducive to the functioning of self-government, and what barriers it encountered as a result of the introduction of constitutional provisions in the Second and Third Republics of Poland. A hypothesis has been put forward in the paper that the constitutional provisions of the Second Polish Republic were more conducive to the functioning of professional self-government than similar provisions in the Third Polish Republic. In order to confirm the hypothesis, the dogmatic and legal method was employed in the article, which enabled an analysis of secondary and primary documents.
The use of special investigative measures in the Republic of North Macedonia – legal provisions and human rights aspects
Authors: Miovska Leta Bardjieva
Published: January 2023

The special investigative measures are ante delictum measures, introduced in the Republic of North Macedonia as part of the Law on Amendments to the Law on Criminal procedure in 2004. The starting hypothesis of this paper refers to the inviolability of the respect of human rights during the implementation of the special investigative measures, which counterpoise a fundament in the aspect of reformed functioning of the security sector, according to the principles of good governance. The additional variable in relation to the hypothesis is that the arbitrariness and/or abuse of the application of the special investigative measures can undermine the protection of the core values which they are intended to protect. The methodology applied for creating this paper is both qualitative and quantitative, depicting analysis of the national legislative framework and international standards, interpretation of guidelines and manuals for the special investigative measures enforcement by the relevant institutions, comparison, as well as measuring trends in the appliance of the measures.
Kryzys strefy euro i nowe wyzwania dla demokracji i praw podstawowych w Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Galent Marcin
Published: January 2023

The outbreak of the global financial crisis in 2007 exposed numerous structural flaws in the architecture of the euro area. From today’s perspective, it is known that without quick action going beyond the legal framework of the treaties and the competences of EU bodies, the euro area would most likely collapse. These design flaws are slowly being removed through the implementation of “unconventional” monetary policies conducted by the European Central Bank, as well as by new institutional tools aimed at increasing the coordination of economic policies and supervision over the financial condition of individual euro area Member States. With these changes, fundamental questions have arisen about the legitimacy of emergency reforms. The state of emergency has been lifted, but questions about the legitimacy of the new competences and methods in overseeing the euro area leave doubts as to their compliance with the principles of democracy and respect for fundamental rights. The aim of the article is to present the challenges related to the current and postulated shape of the Eurozone reforms seen through the prism of European fundamental values, i.e. democracy and human rights.
Pojęcie praworządności we współczesnej debacie politycznoprawnej
Authors: Holocher Justyna , Naleziński Bogumił
Published: January 2023

The subject of the discussionis the problem of the rule of law, considered from the perspective of the European Union and the Republic of Poland, as a member state of this organization. The rule of law is considered to be one of the cornerstones of the functioning of the EU and individual Member States. Determining the content of this concept raises difficulties related to the lack of its legal definition. However, it may be helpful to refer to the findings of legal theory regarding the distinction between the formal and material understanding of this principle. At the level of the European Union, there is also a reference to other concepts that also describe the issue of compliance with the law by authorities. Not only acts of EU law, but also the case-law of the Court of Justice are important in determining the content of the concept of the rule of law. Similar problems also exist at national level. An additional source of controversy, however, is the different approach of the Polish authorities to the way of understanding the rule of law, and especially the qualification of actions of public authorities that are accused of violating this principle. The aim of the analysisis to determine the causes of such a state and to propose possible solutions to the problems resulting from it.
‘In the Name of Humanity’: Human Rights and/as Ideology
Authors: Mavridis Iraklis
Published: January 2023

This presentation attempts to tackle some of the complex relations between ideology and human rights by referring to two interesting texts on ideology and to outline some of the discursive ways in which human rights can function as ideology. By way of doing that we aim to pose some important questions for further research concerning the ways in which human rights discourse can assume various ideological uses and functions.
Budowanie społeczeństwa obywatelskiego w Europie współcześnie – mit czy konieczność?
Authors: Pychyńska Julia , Siatka Jakub
Published: January 2023

The aim of the study is to show the opportunities for the development of civil society in the European Union. The results of the Democracy Index and the Gender Equality Index have been used to assess the possibility of realising this idea. The authors consider what civil society is and how it should be perceived, presenting various definitional traditions and reviewing the definition of the term. The second part of the article analyses the scores that individual European countries have achieved in the two indices under consideration. It allows conclusions to be drawn about European integration in the context of the values that should be cultivated in order to strengthen civil society.
Administracja menedżerów
Authors: Żukowski Marek
Published: January 2023

The process of creating cadres of managers was not uniform, so it can be periodized. The professionalization of management initially involved individual industries, and then other branches of the economy. There were views that particular managerial skills, such as selecting personnel, motivating or solving leadership problems, are achieved both through practical experience and through mastery of management theory. A new social role for the emerging group of managers was recognized. The New Public Management Model includes proposals for changes in the system of governance. D. Osborn and T. Gaebert presented ten new principles that modern decision-makers should follow in exercising power. It is often criticized, but undeniably represents a code of rational conduct for government employees. The NZP concept implies: a new approach to the recipient of public services (separating the customer from the provider or contractor of services, realizing that the public is the customer); introducing a quasi-market mechanism (contracting services, regulating the process of service delivery); generating savings and revenues, controlling results; a new pay policy; separating management processes from political activities. To contribute to the success of an organization, managers can instinctively focus on: building the optimal business strategy, hiring the best employees, using the fullest knowledge, streamlining business processes, "squeezing" efficiency out of their organization, responding to market demands. Managers perform many functions: leader, leader, administrator, controller, planner, coordinator, mediator, motivator and advisor.
Virtual Reality: Saving Tourism in South Africa?
Authors: Verkerk Victoria-Ann
Published: January 2023

At the end of 2019, a new crisis emerged in the world - COVID-19 - which literally devastated the tourism industry worldwide. In order to try to minimise the spread of COVID-19, the government implemented a strict national lockdown, but this unfortunately had a negative impact on many sectors within the tourism industry. In the light of this, many scholars argued that technology such as virtual reality (VR), would contribute to the recovery of tourism. This article considers this phenomenon by filling a gap in the literature regarding the role of VR in the tourism industry in the global South by focusing on South Africa. The key question that arises, namely can VR save tourism in South Africa in the wake of COVID-19? To address this question, the study uses three methodological approaches: case studies, a conceptual research method and open-ended interviews. The results from the study showed that VR offers tourism numerous benefits, but at the same time poses a threat to the industry. Despite this, the study concludes that VR cannot save the tourism industry in South Africa currently as it faces certain critical obstacles in this context.
The assessment and diagnosis of mental illness by Black Pentecostal pastors in Polokwane, Limpopo Province.
Authors: Mauda Lesley Takalani , Sodi Tholene
Published: January 2023

In Africa, there is a dearth of Mental Health Professionals (MHCP’s) which results in a shortage of those who formally diagnose, assess, and treat people suffering from mental illnesses. Thus, many individuals consult with their spiritual leaders (pastors) when experiencing mental health challenges before they consult MHCPs. While mental illness is mainly clinically assessed and diagnosed by MHCPs using the DSM-5 and ICD-10 codes, not much is known in the South African context regarding how Black Pentecostal pastors specifically recognise, assess, and diagnose mental illness. This study explored how Pentecostal pastors assess and recognise mental illness. This was a qualitative exploratory study. Nineteen Black Pentecostal pastors were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using Thematic Analysis (TA). Findings showed that Black Pentecostal pastors hold varying views regarding how mental illness should be assessed and diagnosed. Participants in this study admitted that they had not received any formal mental health training and would love to be suitably equipped to function in that field. Some of the participants believed that they were spiritually gifted and were skilled to assess, recognise and diagnose mental illness using the following methods: prayer, discernment, observing behaviour and interviewing. The study concluded that Black Pentecostal pastors play a significant role in the assessment and diagnosis of mental illness. Therefore, there is a need for a meaningful exchange and sharing of knowledge between Black Pentecostal pastors and MCHPs through a collaborative strategy.
Genres in young learner L2 English writing
Authors: Hasund Ingrid Kristine
Published: January 2023

In learner corpus research, it is well known that one should control for genre when collecting and analysing written L2 (second language) English data, as genre is one factor that has been shown to account for language variation. This article presents a genre typology for annotating learner texts from the lower secondary level in Norway (ages 13-15, school years 8-10). The data are drawn from TRAWL (Tracking Written Learner Language), a new learner corpus currently under compilation. As the TRAWL corpus will be openly available for research, it is important that the typology is clearly described, which is the primary aim of the present study.

Little research has been carried out on younger learners, and no detailed genre typology exists for classifying learner texts at the lower secondary level. Therefore, a genre typology developed by Ørevik (2019) for the upper secondary level was tested on data from TRAWL using a functional, social semiotic perspective and a mixed-methods (quantitative and qualitative) approach. The analysis showed that Ørevik’s typology was largely suitable for annotating the selected TRAWL data and only had to be slightly modified.

By highlighting some of the theoretical and methodological challenges with the genre typology, the analysis may inform discussions about genre in L2 English teaching, which was a secondary aim of the present study. Not only do the results mirror the tensions in the international debate within genre research, they also mirror the everyday challenges of lower secondary school teachers/examiners, who seem to adopt an eclectic approach to genre.
Professionalization of Public Service of Ukraine: Specifics of the Process in the Context of Global Challenges and Modern Social Changes
Authors: Obushna Nataliia , Korchak Nataliia , Evsyukova Оksana , Selivanov Serhii , Petrynska Viktoriіа
Published: January 2023

The State is an institution that should be considered as a complex multilevel system, whose managerial effectiveness depends to a large extent on the professional training of its human resources. The purpose of this article is to investigate and reveal the specificities of the process of professionalization of the public service in the context of global challenges and modern social changes. In the study, the essence and understanding of the concept of professionalization was considered, which made it possible to distinguish such approaches as: scientific, normative and legal, professional and educational. The main functions of professionalization of the public service are defined. It is noted that the public service professionalization system has a relationship with the environment, so it maintains the balance and order of its internal environment and resists chaos. Professionalization is studied as a process in the conditions of global challenges and modern social changes. It is concluded that, considering the professionalization of public service as a process in the conditions of global challenges and modern social changes, it is necessary to take into account the opinions and positions of professionals to achieve the best results in this field.
nternational experience of correction and resocialization of convicts sentenced to imprisonment
Authors: Bobrovnyk Kateryna , Dolhov Anton , Svynarenko Yurii , Shkuta Oleh , Konopelskyi Viktor
Published: January 2023

The purpose of the research is to reveal international experience in the correction and re-socialization of persons sentenced to deprivation of liberty. Main content. This paper analyzes articles of the Criminal-Executive Code of Ukraine, which contain measures of encouragement applied to convicts sentenced to deprivation of liberty (imprisonment) for a certain period of time, and foreign experience of European countries and CIS countries. Measures to encourage convicts should be considered as an important component in the legal regulation of the process of execution and service of punishment; use of such measures encourages law-abiding behavior. Methodology: The methodological basis of the research is presented as comparative-legal and systematic analysis, hermeneutic method as well as methods of analysis and synthesis. Conclusions. In foreign legislation the system of various types of measures stimulating law-abiding behavior of convicted persons is clearly regulated; this system allows to systematically and consistently change conditions of serving punishment from hard ones to soft ones. This system consists of certain types of incentives; the content and essence of such incentives differ depending on whether these measures are one-time or permanent and in relation to a certain category of convicted persons.
Ways of reforming the criminal and criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine in the context of European integration
Authors: Kyrychenko Oleh , Nehodchenko Vadym , Davydiuk Vadym , Kuzyk Viacheslav , Mishchanynets Oleksandr
Published: January 2023

The purpose of the research is to highlight problematic issues and ways of reforming the criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine in the context of European integration. Main content. The article analyzes the current criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine and that of European Union countries. Methodology: The methodological basis of the research is the dialectical method of scientific knowledge, through the application of this method considered were legal, functional, organizational and procedural aspects of methodological approaches to understanding of problematic issues and ways of reforming criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine in the context of European integration were considered. Conclusions. Shortcomings of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine have been highlighted. Prospects of their reforming were outlined and changes to the current legislation in the context of European integration were proposed.
Realization of fundamental principles of law in the context of legal society development
Authors: Kyrychenko Yurii , Maksakova Ruslana , Kyrychenko Viktor , Riezanova Natalia , Sokolenko Julia
Published: January 2023

The purpose of the research is to reveal the relationship between legal progress and the fundamental principles of law in the context of their implementation at different levels of the legal system. The importance of justice, freedom, equality and humanity as an instrument of legal progress is shown. It is proved that the fundamental principles of law act as the limits of the development of the legal system, and these limits ensure the legal and political progress of mankind. The methodological basis of the research is presented as comparative-legal and systematic analysis, formal-legal method, method of interpretation, hermeneutic method, as well as methods of analysis and synthesis. In the conclusions the authors state that legal progress depends on the extent to which the fundamental principles of law are presented and implemented in the actual legal order. The fundamental principles of law converge with each other. Thus, it can be said that it is precisely the interaction and synergy of principles that strengthens legal progress in a given society.
Electoral corruption: illegal voter bribery technologies
Authors: Vozniuk Adrii , Hryha Mariia , Botnarenko Iryna , Makarenko Tamara , Bryskovska Oksana
Published: January 2023

Based on the methodology of documentary review of scientific sources, materials of public organizations, law enforcement and judicial practice of investigating cases of voter bribery, the most widespread technologies of electoral corruption in Ukraine and other countries were revealed and investigated in the article. Peculiarities of direct and indirect voter bribery have been discovered. The most widespread forms (technologies) of election-related bribery have been identified: "carousel", "bargaining", "conditioning", "bus", "dumping", "election network technology". It has been established that the most insecure technology that poses a serious threat to the smooth conduct of elections is the creation of "election networks", which can significantly influence and undermine the credibility of the will of citizens. It is concluded that the characteristics of such a criminal network are: massive character involving a wide range of participants with different roles; significant territorial distribution; realization of criminal intent through clearly planned step-by-step activities within a temporary criminal group. Based on the results of the research, it has been established that in Ukraine the "carousel" technology has been widely used.
Anti-corruption reform as a component of the sustainable development strategy and its impact on a safe environment
Authors: Odnolko Inna , Hladii Oleksandr , Bondarchuk Oleksandr , Zhadan Yevgeny , Leonidova Olena
Published: January 2023

The purpose of the research is anti-corruption reform as a component of the Sustainable Development Strategy and its impact on a safe environment: administrative, legal and criminological reflection. Main content. It is known, that the national security strategy of Ukraine identifies corruption among the current and forecasted threats, which prevents the Ukrainian economy from being depressed, makes its sustainable and dynamic growth impossible, and, as a result, fuels the criminal environment. Methodology: The methodological basis of the research is presented as comparative-legal and systematic analysis, formal-legal method, interpretation method, hermeneutic method as well as methods of analysis and synthesis. Conclusions. Approbation of the developed plan for the post-war recovery of Ukraine (section "Environmental safety" should take place in such priority areas as: reforming state management in the field of environmental protection; climate policy: prevention and adaptation to climate change; environmental safety and effective waste management; balanced use of natural resources in conditions of increased demand and limited opportunities; preservation of natural ecosystems and biological diversity; restoration and development of nature conservation areas and objects.
Peculiarities of the use of political mediation in the Russian-Ukrainian war: principles of application and problems of solution
Authors: Likarchuk Daria , Kostyrya Inna , Koval Oleg , Datsenko Viktoriia , Kryvoshein Vitaliy
Published: January 2023

The aim of the article was to investigate the principles of the implementation of diplomatic policy and the problems of the Russian-Ukrainian war settlement by applying the method of mediation. The work is based on the use of both special methods of political research and general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction). With the help of a prognostic method, an attempt was made to characterize the short-term results of the introduction of political mediation in the ongoing Russian-Ukrainian war. The results showed that mediation is a special negotiation technology for resolving political conflicts. The key tasks of mediation in political conflict resolution are neutralization of negative consequences of the confrontation, search for dissonance between the parties and development of a strategy for further actions, etc. It is concluded that, at this stage of the war, political mediation to resolve the problems is possible only due to the military failures of the Russian side and the Ukrainian collaborators supported by it.
Public administration reform in the forestry sector
Authors: Gulac Оlena , Oleksenko Roman , Sobol Yevhen , Milova Tetiana , Troshkina Kateryna
Published: January 2023

The purpose of the research was to determine and substantiate the content of public administration in the forestry sector of Ukraine on the basis of sustainable development with a balance of social, economic and environmental interests of the state in the study area. To achieve this goal, general scientific and special scientific methods of cognition were used, in particular, dialectical, logical-formal, analysis and synthesis, structural-systemic, legal-comparative, legal-formal and prognostic. Everything allows to conclude that, it is expedient to develop and adopt the Forestry Strategy of Ukraine, with a separate section on the definition of tools for improving fire safety in forests, based on the principles of the European Union Forestry Strategy, in particular: sustainable and multifunctional forest management, balanced use of various forest resources and services, ensuring the protection of forests; resource efficiency, optimizing the contribution of forests and forestry sector to rural development, economic growth and job creation; global responsibility for forests, promotion of sustainable (responsible) production and consumption of forest products.
Project Management in Public Administration: Priority Areas of Application
Authors: Makarenko Liliia , Syvak Tetiana , Berdanova Olha , Iyzefovych Vladyslava , Rachynska Olena
Published: January 2023

The objective of the article was to identify the priority areas of application of project management in the public sphere. General and special scientific methods have been used in the article, such as: analytical, synergistic, systemic, statistical, generalization and prognostic analysis. The authors have suggested dividing the priority areas of project management approach in the field of public administration into three blocks: pre-war (peaceful), military and post-war periods of development of Ukraine. It has been concluded that the priority areas of application of project management methods and tools in public management for peaceful development of the state are: the sphere of regional development and development of united territorial communities; the sphere of cultural development and information technology; the sphere of education and science. It has been shown that the perspective areas of the use of project management technologies in public administration for the development of Ukraine in the war and post-war periods will be the following: reconstruction of destroyed and damaged infrastructure, reconstruction of certain settlements, renewal and transformation of the state economy and support of the army, among others.
Prospects of Transformation of the Institution of Constitutional Justice in the Course of Armed Conflicts
Authors: Shemchuk Viktor , Khmaruk Taras , Stohova Olha , Shamruk Nataliia , Karmazina Catherine
Published: January 2023

The objective of the article was to consider the current state and prospects of the transformation of the institution of constitutional justice in the course of armed conflicts. Observational and comparative methods were the main methodological tools. The research showed that constitutional courts must apply a specific method of judicial constitutional control during armed conflicts. Most of the complaints and appeals of the population to the constitutional courts seek clarifications on the constitutionality of the rules on social guarantees of the military, the rights of refugees. Constitutional interpretation of legislative provisions of the Republic of Azerbaijan, consideration of complaints of constitutional courts of Germany and Ukraine are examples of countries' reactions to armed conflicts. The conclusions confirm the need to transform the institution of constitutional justice, which becomes the main defender of the constitutional system and its principles during armed conflicts. In this vein, it is urged to increase the rate of scientific capital in the judiciary to improve the process of reform of the Constitutional Court in these difficult conditions experienced by Ukraine.
Man of the information society: problems of formation and development
Authors: Haleta Yaroslav , Fursykova Tetiana , Kozlenko Volodymyr , Habelko Olena , Radchenko Maria
Published: January 2023

The purpose of the research was to reveal the process of becoming a person in the information society. The problem of personal formation in the modern conditions of growth of the role of information communication technologies becomes topical problems in the field of social studies. The volume of information, information resources and corresponding technologies significantly influence different sides of social life and processes of humans. The following methods were used in the study: analysis, synthesis, modeling, mathematical statistics and others. The tasks of the study included analyzing the approaches, ideas about the features of personality formation in the information society. It has been shown that the solution of this problem is associated with the formation of human information culture. The paper presents the process of perception of the essence of this category, as well as describes a number of concepts, the essence of which allows to specify the content of the concept of "information culture". These are the following categories: information, culture, information needs. Special attention was paid to the development of information needs in educational institutions.
Peculiarities of ensuring the constitutional right to a fair trial: international and national aspects
Authors: Rogach Oleksandr , Shelever Nataliya , Herevych Mykhailo , Shulhan Iryna , Muzyka Mariia
Published: January 2023

Using a documentary methodology combining different research techniques such as dialectics, the article conducts a scientific analysis of the implementation of the constitutional right to a fair trial in Ukraine and defines its essence and content; it also investigates the peculiarities of normative consolidation of the right in international legal acts and studies the positive experience of applying the precedent practice of the European Court of Human Rights, to solve the main problems of the implementation of this right in the national judiciary in the conditions of martial law in Ukraine. Among other things, the essence of the term "right to a fair trial" was clarified and a study of the peculiarities of the implementation of the right to a fair trial in conditions of war from the perspective of the European Court of Human Rights was conducted. It is concluded that, both in theory and in concrete reality, the right to a fair trial is complex in nature and includes the fairness and publicity of the proceedings, the reasonableness of the terms, the presumption of innocence, the independence and impartiality of the court, the existence of a dispute over rights and obligations, among other aspects.
SWOT analysis to assess the threat of illegal arms trafficking on the Ukrainian border with the European Union countries in the context of the war
Authors: Samoilenko Oleksandr , Bereziuk Viktor , Zabolotna Olena , Chornyi Artem , Adamchuk Oleksandr
Published: January 2023

The problem of combating threats of illegal trafficking of arms, ammunition and explosives at the border points of Ukraine with the countries of the European Union EU has become urgent under martial law. The aim of the study was to develop an optimal strategy for the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine (hereinafter referred to as "SBGSU") to combat threats of illegal arms trafficking at border points with EU countries under martial law. A comprehensive methodological approach combining the following scientific methods was used: comparative method, systems analysis method, structural-functional method, survey and group expert evaluation method, classification method and determination of numerical characteristics. A model was developed to assess the threat of illegal arms trafficking on the border of Ukraine with the EU countries under martial law based on SWOT-analysis. As a result, the factors of strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats, which exist in the Ukrainian border guard agency, were identified. It is concluded that the results of this study cannot be applied to the border areas of Ukraine with such countries as the Russian Federation, Belarus and Moldova.
Mayor presupuesto no genera celeridad procesal y plazo razonable en el Tribunal Constitucional, Perú 1999 – 2020
Authors: Flores Arocutipa Javier Pedro , Jinchuña Huallpa Jorge , Bermejo Peralta Luís Delfín , Cohaila Quispe Ruth Daysi , Quispe Karen Coayla
Published: January 2023

The objective of the research was to demonstrate the hypothesis that greater budgets do not generate greater procedural speed in the Constitutional Court of Peru (TC), restricting access to a reasonable time period between 1999-2020. At the methodological level, data was collected from 22 years of Constitutional Court (TC) sentences. From the Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF), the accruals of the transferred budget. In addition, Pearson's Rho and discriminant analysis for clusters were used. The results highlight that the procedural burden depends on the actions of amparo, habeas corpus and non-compliance with an R2 of 99.93%. There is a delay in resolving lawsuits, while the budget grows. The Rho is 0.245. If the budget grows by 10%, publications would increase by 2.45%. Remunerations grow 7 times in the period and resolutions by 2.36 times. The Rho ratio is 0.33. The discriminant analysis proves that, of the three stages, 1999-2002; 2003-2012; and 2013-2020, in the third stage productivity and celerity decrease, while budgets increase. The processed information allows concluding that the public management of the (TC) does not show procedural celerity in the resolution of the files, in terms of access to justice in a reasonable time.
Disadvantages of news aggregators in capitalist countries: overview and critique
Authors: Kysil Veronika
Published: January 2023

The objectives of the article were to analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the most popular science news aggregators in capitalist countries, created as a communication tool between scientists and journalists. For the recent research the methods of analysis were used, especially SWOT analysis and synthesis method. 10 main criteria of science news aggregators were observed and highlighted by analyzing recent science news aggregators from all over the world such as: EurekaAlert, PhysOrg, ScienceDaily, Science Seeker and Open Science. As a result, the study looked at the dual issue of funding, where government funding of aggregators allows authorities to control the process of publishing information while support is stable. At the same time, crowdfunding funds or platforms allow an aggregator to exist without political bias, but without strong confidence in its future existence. The results obtained allow us to conclude that, the points considered in the relationship between capitalism and aggregators are of great importance to create a high-quality scientific news aggregator at national and international level.
Criminal liability for the establishment or spread of criminal influence in post-Soviet countries (literature review 2011-2021)
Authors: Paryzkyi Igor , Humin Oleksii , Maksymovych Roman , Panchak Oksana , Kantsir Volodymyr
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study was to review the literature on the types of criminal liability for the establishment or spread of criminal influence in the countries of the post-Soviet space. Achievement of the set goal implied the resolution of the following task: the analysis of legal acts in the sphere of criminal justice. The specific subject was the social norms regulated by law, which are formed in the sphere of criminal justice in the fight against criminal action. Theoretical ideas about the activities of criminal justice bodies are also reviewed. The methodological basis of the research consists in the combination of general and special research methods. The theoretical basis was the scientific works of researchers on the issue of criminal liability. It is concluded that, in the reviewed literature, on the one hand, post-Soviet countries faced with the problem of combating organized crime and forced to take immediate measures to combat it; on the other hand, the methods and mechanisms to prevent, counter and combat organized crime, were relatively similar, focused mainly on preventive measures to the emergence of this phenomenon.
On the issue of choosing optimal ways to overcome crisis phenomena in the field of political communications against the background of large-scale military aggression
Authors: Stavchenko Serhii , Tokovenko Оlexandr , Topchii Hanna , Loginov Vitaly
Published: January 2023

The paper examines the choice of optimal ways of overcoming crisis phenomena in the sphere of political communication in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war. Special attention was paid to the theoretical explanation of the phenomenon of political communication in terms of its scope and practical usefulness. The article analyzes the features of the conduct of an information war by the Russian Federation. The purpose was to investigate the optimal ways of overcoming crisis phenomena (large-scale military aggression) by means of the tool of political communication. The article is based on the use of two types of research methods: general scientific (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction) and special political (structural-functional, historical, etc.). The obtained results allow us to conclude that, on the basis of the analysis of the Russian-Ukrainian war, communication solutions should be aimed at fulfilling three tasks: neutralizing negative information, editing it and disseminating alternative information. The work of communicators during the war has certain limitations caused by their subordination to the military command. Definitely, the problem of the Russian-Ukrainian war demonstrated the existence of a considerable number of problematic issues in political communication in Ukraine and the world.
Language Development of a Child from Rwandan Context between 16 and 24 Months: Syntactic Aspect
Authors: Sabiti Jacques , Paul Ngoboka Jean , Ujwiga Anguru Patrick
Published: January 2023

This study explored the language developed by Gavin, a child raised by Kinyarwanda speaking caregivers, focusing on syntactic aspect. Data collection tools employed in this study are direct observation, recording and diary to maintain the study subject utterances. The study revealed that Gavin’s syntactic structure was limited to one word use from 16 months until 24 months; two or three words between 19 and 24months, multi-words at the age of 24 months, using different parts of speech with emphasis on those belonging to open class like nouns, verbs, adverbs and adjectives. He was able to construct subject–verb structure but unable to produce subject-verb-object structure. The findings recommend further research in the area to see if other children can develop the same language as the study subject. Studies should be extended to children over two years until school age to ensure the proper mastery of the mother tongue before introducing other languages like French or English as medium of instruction in nursery and primary education.
Problem-focused Coping, Avoidance Coping and Emotional Coping: Coping Strategies for Daily Stressors Among Operational and Non-operational Rescue Workers in Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Hussain Zahid , Ishaq Muhammad
Published: January 2023

Rescue workers are liable for responding to natural and man-made emergencies in the day-to-day routine. Operational rescue workers have to face extended duty hours, harsh behavior of crowds at the incident places, and less leisure time for themselves and their family members. In contrast, non-operational workers do not directly respond to emergencies. So, this study aimed to determine how operational and non-operational rescue workers cope with daily stressors. Furthermore, the study also aimed to test the correlation between different coping strategies among rescuers. For this purpose, a cross-sectional survey was conducted using cluster sampling techniques among 199 rescuers from nine districts in Punjab, Pakistan. Data was collected using the Brief COPE scale (Carver, 1997) and analyzed using correlation and t-test. Results of this study show that the mean scores of non-operational and operational rescue workers are significantly different from each other on "Problem-focused Coping," "Emotional Coping," and "Avoidance Coping." Likewise, "Problem-focused Coping" is negatively correlated to "Emotional Coping" and "Avoidance Coping." The study concludes that rescue workers who have "Problem-focused Coping" strategies are less likely to use "Emotional Coping" and "Avoidance Coping" strategies. Moreover, operational rescuers are less likely to use "Problem-focused Coping" and more likely to use "Emotional Coping" and "Avoidance Coping" strategies; however, non-operational rescue workers use coping strategies in vice versa.