bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A methodology to develop a vascular geometry for in vitro cell culture using additive manufacturing
Authors: Lenoir Laurène , Segonds Frédéric , Nguyen Kim-Anh , Bartolucci Pablo
Published: September 2019

Today, additive manufacturing (AM) is implemented in medical industry and profoundly revolutionizes this area. This approach consists of producing parts by additions of layers of successive materials and offers advantages in terms of rapidity, complexity of parts, competitive costs that can be exploited and can lead to a significant advancement in biological research. Everything becomes technically feasible and gives way to a “techno-centered” approach. Many parameters must be controlled in this field, so it is necessary to be guided for the development of such a product. This article aims to present a state of the art of existing design methodologies focused on AM to create medical devices. Finally, a development method is proposed that consists of producing vascular geometry using AM, based on patient data, designed for cell culture in vitro studies.
Design of multi-function remote control car
Authors: Zhao Shoucheng , Zhang Kun , Lu Yibo
Published: September 2019

With the rapid progress of computer, microelectronics and information technology, the development of intelligent technology is getting faster and faster, higher and higher, and the application scope has been greatly expanded. Intelligent as a modern new invention, is the future direction of development, it can be in accordance with the preset mode in an environment in the automatic operation, does not need man-made management, can be applied to scientific exploration and other purposes. Intelligent electric car is one of the embodiments. Designers can program their software to achieve their travel, tracking, stop the precise control and detection of data storage, display, without human intervention. Therefore, the intelligent electric car with reprogramming characteristics, is a kind of robot.

The design uses AT89C51 single-chip motor drive circuit and infrared remote control and tracking module and infrared receiver integrated sensor designed, the use of modular design, the use of infrared remote-control car forward, back, turn left, turn right, start and stop.
Fault Reason and Diagnosis of Electronic Control Automatic Transmission of Modern
Authors: Liu Kun , Song Xiping , Li Xiangyu
Published: September 2019

The mechanical transmission of automobile is very efficient, reliable and structurally simple, but is easy to wear the parts prematurely because of its dynamic load. In the case of complex external conditions, the frequent operation of the clutch, shift lever and throttle, increasing the burden on the driver is not conducive to safe driving. In recent decades, automatic transmission has been an unprecedented development; electronic control automatic transmission has become the development direction of modern car transmission. But the electronic control automatic transmission structure complex production cost is high; its repair and troubleshooting put forward the harsh requirements of the maintenance personnel, maintenance technology. Understanding the degree also constitutes a certain degree of difficulty. The modern car electronic control automatic transmission development history, composition and function of the failure of the ﬁle are not up to speed to make a major study. The cause and diagnosis of the exclusion of the automatic control of automotive electronic control and maintenance are of great signiﬁcance.
Solar Radiation Energy Issues on Nanoparticle Shapes in the Potentiality of Water Based Cu, Al2O3 and SWCNTs
Authors: Kandasamy Ramasamy , Atikah bt Adnan Nur , Kamarulzaki Mohd , Saifullah Mohd
Published: September 2019

Energy is an extensive view for industrial advancement. Solar thermal energy is designed by light and heat which is radiated by the sun, in the form of electromagnetic radiation. Solar energy is the highest promptly and sufficiently applicable authority of green energy. Impact of nanoparticle shapes on the Hiemenz nanofluid (water-based Cu, Al2O3 and SWCNTs) flow over a porous wedge surface in view of solar radiation energy has been analyzed. The three classical form of nanoparticle shapes are registered into report, i.e. sphere (m=3.0), cylinder (m=6.3698) and laminar (m=16.1576). Nanoparticles in the water-based Cu, Al2O3 and SWCNTs have been advanced as a means to boost solar collector energy through explicit absorption of the entering solar energy. The controlling partial differential equations (PDEs) are remodeled into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by applying dependable accordance alteration and it is determined numerically by executing Runge Kutta Fehlberg method with shooting technique. It is anticipated that the lamina shape SWCNTs have dynamic heat transfer attainments in the flow improvement over a porous wedge surface as compared with the other nanoparticle shapes in different nanofluid flow regime.

 
Comparison of the Efficacy of Mifepristone and Marvelon Treatment for Perimenopausal Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding
Authors: Yang Xiaopin
Published: September 2019

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of mifepristone and Marvelon treatment for perimenopausal dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Method: 60 patients were randomly selected from January 2016 to June 2016 in our hospital for treatment of menopausal gouthenopsis. After different treatment regimens were communicated with the patients, the patients were treated with different methods. In the experimental group (28 cases), mifepristone was used to treat dysfunctional uterine bleeding. The control group (32 cases) was treated with Marvelon treatment and the results were compared between the two groups. Results: The initial conditions of the two groups were not significantly different (P > 0.05), seen from the levels of folliclein, luteinizing hormone, estrogen and progesterone. After treatment however, the effective rate of the treatment group was significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Mifepristone is effective in the treatment of perimenopausal dysfunction. 
Light Hydrocarbon Gas Technology and Its Prospect
Authors: Han Yongqiang , Chang Hui , Luo Zhijun
Published: September 2019

Light hydrocarbons are treated as a by-product of the petrochemical industry. They are clean and inexpensive fuels that not only less pollute the environment but also save valuable energy. Through the analysis of light hydrocarbon fuel development status, people now use light hydrocarbon for gasiﬁcation combustion. This usage requires high quality of light hydrocarbon and strict safety. The feasibility of using light hydrocarbon gas as fuel to replace diesel in oil boilers has been proposed for the current industrial boilers in China, and the sources of light hydrocarbon fuels and the safety of such alternative technologies have been speciﬁcally described. We believe such replacement can effectively reduce the dependency of the international oil market. 
The process of liquefied natural gas
Authors: Jiang Zhaoyin , Peng Lixi , Chang Shiyao , Ouyang Ping
Published: September 2019

In this paper, the analysis of liquefied natural gas process plant technology, into the device before the natural gas compression, and then through the MEA aqueous solution to remove CO2. Finally, the compressed water removed; clean natural gas before entering the liquefaction unit. In the liquefaction unit, the high-pressure natural gas is cooled and liqueﬁed deep. The required cooling capacity is obtained by circulating the gas turbine to drive the closed mixed refrigerant nitrogen, methane, ethylene, propane and other components, and liquefied natural gas (LNG), which is ﬁnally stored in an atmospheric tank through a liqueﬁed natural gas container or liqueﬁed natural gas tanker for distribution. The recycle of the recycle refrigerant is carried out by means of environmental conditions. The heating medium required during the installation process is the hot oil heated by the exhaust gas of the gas turbine. The liqueﬁed gas in the liqueﬁed natural gas tank is compressed to regenerate the desiccant and then sent to the gas turbine as the fuel gas.
Study on Carbazole-like Polymer Solar Cell Materials
Authors: Dong Zhe , He Hanzhong , Shen Guohui
Published: September 2019

With the development of modern industry, the global energy crisis and air pollution problems become increasingly prominent. Solar energy has emerged as an ideal renewable energy by many countries’ attention. Solar cells are the most promising use of solar energy in the kind of concern. Compared with inorganic solar cells, polymer solar cells performance is more excellent and carbazole polymer materials with rigid fused ring structure, intramolecular electron transfer, good transport and easy to introduce a variety of multi-functional groups into the carbazole. The advantages of the ring in the ﬁeld of solar cell materials show a wide range of potential applications. This paper describes the principles of polymer solar cells and several common donor materials. The precursors of carbazole polymers were designed and synthesized, and their structures were characterized. 
Clinical analysis of ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy for the treatment of nephrolithiasis
Authors: Xue Yansi , Xu Lei , Xu Xiaojun , Wang Dukun , Wang Guocheng , Chen Yi
Published: September 2019

The objective of the study is to evaluate the clinical value of ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy for the treatment of nephrolithiasis. Clinical data of 44 patients treated for renal stones with polyscope modular flexible ureter- oscopic holmium laser lithotripsy from May 2014 to April 2015 were retrospectively analysed. Following the operation, F4.7 D-J stents were routinely indwelled for 4 weeks and catheterization for 1-3 days. A plain kidney, ureter, and blad- der (KUB) X-ray was performed on postoperative days too. A total of four success cases were determined following the first treatment. The remaining 40 cases were first placed with double-J stent and the surgery was performed one week later. Stone sizes between 0.8-4.0 cm in diameter were defined. The operation time for the treatment was 80-180 minutes. Patients were discharged within 3-5 days, and the double-J stent was removed within 1-3 months. 39 patients were found to be completely stone-free at approximately three months postoperatively. However, five patients were shown to have 11.1% of residual stones after treatment. No blood transfusion, septic shock, ureteral injury, or other complications were reported. Flexible ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy is safe and effective for the treatment of nephrolithiasis. This approach could be a valuable choice for the treatment of patients with renal stones.
Clinical effect of combined anterior and posterior approach surgery for cervical spondylotic myelopathy
Authors: Yanzhou Jiang , Lianchong Fu , Yushan Mu
Published: September 2019

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of combined anterior and posterior approach surgery for patients with spinal type. Methods: 96 patients with cervical spondylosis were randomly selected among all patients admitted in our hospital from January 2013 to December 2015. They were evenly assigned to A, B or C group, 32 patients each.  Patients in Group A suffered from cervical myelopathy and were treated by combined anterior and posterior approach. Patients in Group B group suffered from cervical vertebra disease and accepted a cervical corpectomy decompression and a bone graft fusion internal fixation surgery. Patients in Group C accepted conventional posterior decompression and fusion surgery for lateral mass screw fixation. Postoperative follow-up, X-ray intervertebral stability and fusion, neurological function JOA score and clinical efficacy of the effective date were compared. Results: JOA scores of all three groups were improved after 6 months. After a year, patients in Group A, B and C scored (16.3 ± 1.83), (15.7 ± 1.15) and (15.59 ± 1.21), respectively. The pairwise score differences between any two groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). After one year’s follow-up, the bone graft and internal fixation material had no signs of loosening, displacement or subsidence. The fusion rates of Group A, B and C reached 90.6%, 53.1% and 56.25%, respectively. Similarly, the pairwise differences in fusion rate between any two groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The clinical effectiveness was classified as apparent, effective, fair and invalid. The effective rates of Group A, B and C were 87.5%, 50% and 56.2%, respectively. The pairwise differences between any two groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Combined anterior and posterior approach surgery significantly improved the clinical efficacy than the other two surgeries.
Crude protein content in Urochloa cultivars (Syn. Brachiaria) in exclusive pasture system or consorciated with Macrotyloma axillare cv. Guatá
Authors: Simões Thiago Rossi , Brennecke Käthery , Bertipaglia Liandra Maria Abaker , Gerdes Luciana
Published: September 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the crude protein content of Urochloa spp.cultivars (U. brizantha cv Marandu and U. decunbens cv. Basilisk), within a consortium systemwith Macrotyloma axillare cv Guatá. The experimental design was a completely randomized design,with four replications, in a factorial scheme (2 x 2), at which two types of grass (U. decumbensand U. brizantha) and two pasture types were studied (intercropped or exclusively fertilized with 60kg of nitrogen/ha) with repeated measures in time (samplings at two seasons of the year: February(summer) and August (winter)). Subsequently, samples were collected from a 2 m long PVC bar atfour points in each picket, and the forage cut close to the ground, with costal mowing coupled with0.5 m length hedge trimmer, each sample of 0.5 x 2.0 m, totalizing 1m2. The sampled material wasidentified, weighed and sent for analysis of crude protein to assess the contribution of leguminousin grass protein content. No significant differences were found when the type of grass versus type ofpasture interaction for the crude protein variable was met; however, significant differences were foundwhen evaluating the type of grass versus season interaction, at which the highest levels were foundwithin the month of February (summer), the same occurring for the interaction type of pasture versusseason of the year. It was concluded there were increases in crude protein content for U. decumbenscv. Basilisk and U. brizantha cv. Marandu when in consortium with M. axillare cv. Guatá in thesummer season.Keywords: Biological nitrogen. Forage. Forage quality. Leguminous.
Valuation of native fruits and postcolonial thinking: a search for alternatives to development
Authors: Silva Rodrigo Ozelame da , Perez-Cassarino Julian , Souza-Lima José Edmilson de , Steenbock Walter
Published: September 2019

This research aims to identify the influence of two paradigms, namely colonial thinking and postcolonial thinking, on the valuation of native fruits, The sample was composed of six groups of farmers from the agroecology center Luta Camponesa Nucleus, which is linked to the agroecology network Rede Ecovida de Agroecologia, and the methodological procedures were based on the principles of action research. It concludes that the colonial thinking contributes to the elimination of native fruits, as a result of epistemicide, the advancement of the green revolution, and the food empires. On the other hand, the postcolonial thinking valorizes native fruits, especially through the ecology of knowledges, agroecology, and short circuits.
Evaluation of the end-users of disaster risk warnings in Brazil
Authors: Saito Silvia Midori , Lima Glauston Roberto Teixeira de , Dias Mariane Carvalho de Assis
Published: September 2019

Disaster risk warnings have been issued by the National Centre for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters (Cemaden) to municipalities susceptible to floods and landslides in Brazil since December 2011. A survey of the end-users was developed in order to obtain an evaluation related to quality, anticipation and precision of the warnings. Using an explorative approach, a semi-structured questionnaire was available online to be filled in by the individuals responsible for receiving the warnings. The analysis of the results was supported by statistical techniques, to allow association among the variables. The majority of the users did not report difficulties in understanding the warning texts. However, they reported the inefficiency in receiving warnings by email and suggested that faster tools would be a better solution, i.e. a short message service. The improvements in the alerts could be informed by the results achieved in this survey.
Avaliação da resiliência socioecológica como ferramenta para a gestão da fronteira amazônica:
Authors: Athayde Simone , Bernasconi Paula , Bartels Wendy-Lin , Seluchinesk Rosane , Buschbacher Robert
Published: September 2019

A Amazônia brasileira compreende um conjunto único de paisagens e dinâmicas socioecológicas interdependentes, configuradas por uma diversidade de atores, ecossistemas, usos da terra e práticas de manejo de recursos naturais. No entanto, a sociedade brasileira e global vivencia um momento de alto risco em relação Ã  sustentabilidade da mega biodiversidade das paisagens amazônicas. A transformação e degradação destes ambientes decorre do modelo de desenvolvimento adotado no país, em conjunto com o modelo político e fatores associados como mudanças climáticas, desmatamento, uso intensivo da terra para agropecuária, mineração, implementação de infraestrutura de forma inadequada, contaminação por agrotóxicos, entre outros. Estaremos Ã  beira de um limiar (em inglês, “threshold”) de transformação dos sistemas socioecológicos amazônicos, para ambientes mais secos, menos diversos e mais vulneráveis ao fogo, inundações, insegurança alimentar etc.? Como estabelecer um processo de governança para a Amazônia, considerando e respeitando a sua socio-biodiversidade, neste cenário de transformação?
BENEFITS AND CHALLENGES OF USING GAME-BASED FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS
Authors: Mohd Arif Fatin Kamilia , Zubir Natasha Zaireen , Mohamad Maslawati , Md Yunus Melor
Published: September 2019

Purpose of the study: This research aims to identify the advantages and challenges faced by TESL undergraduates from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia in using Kahoot as a formative assessment tool in a course, i.e., Teaching of Writing in English as a Second Language Context.

Methodology: The research instruments employed are semistructured interviews and questionnaire. All 46 Year 3 TESL students enrolled in the course responded to the questionnaire, while five of them responded to the individual interview session.

Main Findings: The findings indicate that the majority of the respondents agreed that the application of Kahoot enables students to relate to lectures and lecture notes, recall important points, and discover other useful information and knowledge pertaining to the course. Despite the advantages mentioned, the challenges faced were also identified. Among the challenges mentioned are students’ readiness and mastery level of the topics revised.

Applications of this study: With the proper usage of Kahoot in a classroom context, both educators and students could adopt it as a learning catalyst to enhance teaching and learning.

Novelty/Originality of this study: The students’ knowledge and interest could be improved using Kahoot if the educator plays his/roles and know what they should do to implement Kahoot in their own class.
MEMORIZING AND UNDERSTANDING THE QUR’AN IN ARABIC LANGUAGE AMONG MALAYSIAN STUDENTS OF THE AL-AZHAR INSTITUTE OF QIRAAT SHOBRA, EGYPT
Authors: Ismail Ashraf , Hassan Nurul Hudaa , Malek Akhdiat Abd , Usman Abur Hamdi
Published: September 2019

Purpose of the study: The objective of the study was to analyze the perceptions of tahfiz students in understanding the meaning of the verses and their knowledge of the Arabic language syntax and morphology in memorizing the Qur’an. Design/methodology/approach: For this article, the study sample is comprised of 30 tahfiz students at the Azhar Institute of Qiraat in Shobra, Cairo, Egypt. They were chosen as a minimum sample of 30 population tahfiz students who had followed an Arabic Course in Malaysia. The survey method uses a Likert scale-based questionnaire which measures the levels of understanding among tahfiz students, which includes the overall mastery of Qur’anic understanding and the structure of the Arabic language’s syntax and morphology. The data were then analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics to identify the mean values of each item. Findings: The results of this study reveal that the level of understanding of Arabic grammar and morphology of the Qur’an amongst tahfiz students is high. Research Implications: This study recommends to explore the possibility of establishing a curriculum framework that gives provision for the Arabic language to be mastered by students in tahfiz institutions. Once this curriculum is implemented, the tasks of Qur’anic educators will be made easier. Social Implications: The study throws light on the integrated approach in memorizing the Qur'an will produce tahfiz students who are able to master the memorization effectively. Originality/Value: Only a very few have examined the proficiency of the Arabic language and its function to the ḥuffaz in memorizing the Qur'an effectively. Most of the issues often faced by ḥuffaz who are non-native Arabic speakers are closely related to their mastery, or lack thereof, of the Arabic language. Since memorizing the Qur’an involves proper understanding of the purpose and structure of the language, there is a need to carry out a study concerning the same.
INTERAÇÕES E SOCIABILIDADES DIGITAIS NA SOCIEDADE INFORMACIONAL
Authors: Araújo Wagner dos Reis Marques , Higa Ayla Yumi
Published: September 2019

Nos anos 2000 a internet se transformou em uma ferramenta inovadora e essencial para o sujeito na era da comunicação. O uso racional dessa ferramenta de comunicação proporciona descobertas e possibilidades de reformulações da subjetividade do Ser pós-moderno. Nesse sentido, esta discussão busca entender como os indivíduos se integraram à sociedade informacional, antes, porém, traçamos um breve histórico da Internet e da difusão das redes sociais enquanto espaços de sociabilidade e veiculação de informações. Em nossa análise, detemo-nos especialmente no o canal do YouTube “Felipe Neto: Não faz sentido”, onde podemos observar o caso do Ser que se reinventa através de tecnologias digitais.
INDÚSTRIA DA CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL E BLOCO NO PODER (2011-2016)
Authors: Del Passo Octávio Fonseca
Published: September 2019

A crise política e econômica no Brasil teve como fundamento a reorganização das classes no bloco no poder. Este artigo tem como objeto a indústria da construção civil no Brasil ao longo dos governos Dilma Rousseff (2011-2016). Utilizamos os conceitos de fração burguesa e de bloco no poder desenvolvidos por Nicos Poulantzas para explicar importantes conflitos presentes no processo político brasileiro. Nossa hipótese é que durante a crise do governo de Dilma Rousseff existiu um acirramento da disputa pelo orçamento público entre as frações burguesas, e isso induziu a uma alteração da posição política do médio capital da construção civil, que deixou de cumprir um papel subordinado ao grande capital e passou atuar abertamente contra ele. Em outras palavras, o médio capital da construção civil constituiu-se enquanto fração autônoma da classe capitalista, a fim de obter a prioridade nas políticas de Estado para esse setor. Essa mudança teria acontecido, em especial, após o início da Operação Lava-Jato que atingiu as grandes construtoras nacionais.
ARTESÃO INDUSTRIAL INDEPENDENTE: AUTONOMIA OU SUBSUNÇÃO AO CAPITAL
Authors: Corrêa Ivan Livindo de Senna , Fischer Maria Clara Bueno
Published: September 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar as semelhanças do trabalho dos metalúrgicos organizados em pequenas unidades de produção da Serra Gaúcha com o artesão industrial independente e com o trabalhador assalariado.Como estratégia investigativa, realizou-se: uma observação participante junto a seis pequenas unidades de produção localizadas nos municípios de Canela-RS e Caxias do Sul-RS; e uma entrevista semiestruturada com dez trabalhadores que concordaram em participar da pesquisa. Os dados foram analisados com base no materialismo histórico e dialético. Como resultado da pesquisa, observou-se que o trabalho desenvolvido nas unidades de produção assemelha-se ao artesão industrial independente pelos seguintes aspectos: local de trabalho anexo à moradia; propriedade dos meios de produção; conhecimentos técnicos, científicos e do processo produtivo; autonomia de ter ideia, de escolha no processo produtivo e do controle do tempo; cooperação simples, solidária e comunitária; e o trabalho como reprodução ampliada de vida; o ensino de crianças e jovens. Contraditoriamente, o trabalho nas unidades também guarda semelhança com o trabalhador assalariado. Conclui-se que o trabalho do artesão industrial independente ainda encontra-se longe de constituir-se uma “atividade autônoma” e mais perto do trabalho domiciliar e pagamento por peça, porém traz em si uma proximidade com a comunidade local que o vincula à economia popular.
On Stability of Fractional Differential Equations with Lyapunov Functions
Authors: KORKMAZ Erdal , ÖZDEMİR Abdulhamit
Published: September 2019

We discuss the asymptotic stability of autonomous nonlinear fractional order systems, in which the state equations contain integer derivative and fractional order. We use the Lyapunov's second method to derive some sufficient conditions to ensure asymptotic stability of nonlinear fractional order differential equations. We also give two examples in order to consolidate the obtained results.
Functional Completeness in CPL via Correspondence Analysis
Authors: Leszczyńska-Jasion Dorota , Petrukhin Yaroslav , Shangin Vasilyi , Jukiewicz Marcin
Published: September 2019

Kooi and Tamminga's correspondence analysis is a technique for designing proof systems, mostly, natural deduction and sequent systems. In this paper it is used to generate sequent calculi with invertible rules, whose only branching rule is the rule of cut. The calculi pertain to classical propositional logic and any of its fragments that may be obtained from adding a set (sets) of rules characterizing a two-argument Boolean function(s) to the negation fragment of classical propositional logic. The properties of soundness and completeness of the calculi are demonstrated. The proof of completeness is conducted by Kalmár's method.

Most of the presented sequent-calculus rules have been obtained automatically, by a rule-generating algorithm implemented in Python. Correctness of the algorithm is demonstrated. This automated approach allowed us to analyse thousands of possible rules' schemes, hundreds of rules corresponding to Boolean functions, and to nd dozens of those invertible. Interestingly, the analysis revealed that the presented proof-theoretic framework provides a syntactic characteristics of such an important semantic property as functional completeness.
Erratum to: Congruences and Ideals in a Distributive Lattice with Respect to a Derivation
Authors: Barzegar Hasan
Published: September 2019

The present note is an Erratum for the two theorems of the paper "Congruences and ideals in a distributive lattice with respect to a derivation" by M. Sambasiva Rao.
Generał armii Iwan Czerniachowski – bohater czy zbrodniarz wojenny?
Authors: Łach Wiesław Bolesław
Published: September 2019

Kariera generała armii Iwana Czerniachowskiego, który był jednym z najmłodszych generałów w historii wojskowości, była dość błyskotliwa. W związku z jego osobą rodzi się wiele pytań. Czy był on bohaterem czy zbrodniarzem wojennym? Dlaczego jego pomnik pod Pieniężnem wywołał aż takie emocje?. W dniu 24 kwietnia 1944 r. Iwan Czerniachowski został mianowany dowódcą 3 Frontu Białoruskiego. Dowodził operacją wileńską i kowieńską. Jednak dla nas nie jest on postacią pozytywną, ponieważ doprowadził do aresztowania dowództwa i żołnierzy Armii Krajowej na Wileńszczyźnie. Co prawda operacją kierowała NKWD, jednak rola Czerniachowskiego jest w tej historii jednoznacznie negatywna. W styczniu 1945 r. 3 Front Białoruski brał udział w operacji wschodniopruskiej i przełamał niemiecką obronę w północnej części Prus. Trzeci Front Białoruski, który był dowodzony przez Czerniachowskiego, otrzymał zadanie likwidacji otoczonych armii niemieckich. Dnia 18 lutego Czerniachowski udał się na inspekcję, mimo wielu ostrzeżeń o ostrzale drogi. Nakazał kierowcy jechać w kierunku Pieniężna. Generał zginął raniony odłamkiem artyleryjskim. Po II wojnie światowej na Warmię przybyło wielu mieszkańców Wileńszczyzny. Byli wśród nich żołnierze Armii Krajowej, którzy doskonale pamiętali rolę Czerniachowskiego w rozbrojeniu i aresztowaniu polskich oficerów i żołnierzy w Wilnie. W 1971 r. postawiony został pomnik upamiętniający śmierć generała w Pieniężnie na skrzyżowaniu dróg. Do roku 1990 miejscowe władze partyjne organizowały wiece i składanie kwiatów kilka razy w roku. W styczniu 2014 r. rada miejska w Pieniężnie zdecydowała o rozbiórce obelisku.
Kassim Sulejmani – generał Bliskiego Wschodu
Authors: Brylew Marek
Published: September 2019

Kassim Sulejmani jest architektem irańskiej polityki w regionie Bliskiego Wschodu i bezpośrednim doradcą ajatollaha Chameneiego. Kiedyś postać tajemnicza, obecnie jest najbardziej rozpoznawalnym człowiekiem na Bliskim Wschodzie, bohaterem irańskich mediów społecznościowych i postacią z pierwszych stron gazet. Sulejmani, odpowiedzialny za kontakty z libańskim Hezbollahem, palestyńskim Hamasem, a w ostatnim czasie także jemeńskimi Huti i afgańskim Talibanem, skutecznie kontroluje sytuację w regionie. To m.in. dzięki bezpośredniemu zaangażowaniu Sulejmaniego prezydent Syrii Baszar al-Assad utrzymał się przy władzy, iracka armia wspierana przez proirańskie ugrupowania Hashd al-Shaabi zdobyła Mosul i rozbiła tzw. Państwo Islamskie, a Iran wzmocnił swoją pozycję na Bliskim Wschodzie.
Dialektyka oporu. Edukacja jako proces odkrywania znaczeń
Authors: Łojek-Kurzętkowska Maria
Published: September 2019

Dominujący w nowoczesności podział praktyk edukacyjnych na dwa niezależne elementy: czynnik poznawczy i emocjonalny, doprowadził do nieadekwatnego pojmowania podmiotu i celu działań edukacyjnych. Stosowanie aparatu pojęciowego związanego z wymianą usług oraz kształtowaniem kompetencji kluczowych, spowodowało zredukowanie działań edukacyjnych do czynników ekonomicznych. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie znaczenia pojęcia oporu jako ogniwa łączącego element kognitywny i emocjonalny w nauczaniu. W tekście przyjęte jest założenie, iż osiągnięcie autonomii moralnej przez wychowanków uznaje się za cel działań edukacyjnych. Pierwsza część tekstu stanowi analizę pojęć samowiedzy, podmiotowości i oporu obecnych  w Fenomenologii ducha Georga Wilhelma Friedricha Hegla. W drugiej części rozważań pojęcia te odniesione zostają do problematyki współczesnej edukacji moralnej. Przedstawiona zostaje językowa koncepcja edukacji autorstwa Paula Standisha, podkreślająca rolę czynnika emocjonalnego w kształtowaniu autonomii moralnej wychowanków. Pojęcie oporu edukacyjnego okazuje się być koniecznym ogniwem łączącym dwie istotne perspektywy: samoświadomość wychowanka i dyskursowy świat, składający się ze społecznie uwarunkowanych aktów mowy.
Real-Time Pricing of Smart Grid Based on Piece-Wise Linear Functions
Authors: Xu Zhihong , Guo Liangyu , Gao Yan , Hussain Muhammad , Cheng Panhong
Published: September 2019

In a power grid system, utility is a measure of the satisfaction of users’ electricity consumption; cost is a monetary value of electricity generated by the supplier. The utility and cost functions represent the satisfaction of different users and the supplier. Quadratic utility, logarithmic utility, and quadratic cost functions are widely used in social welfare maximization models of real-time pricing. These functions are not universal; they have to be discussed in detail for individual models. To overcome this problem, a piece-wise linear utility function and a piece-wise linear cost function with general properties are proposed in this paper. By smoothing the piece-wise linear utility and cost functions, a social welfare maximization model can be transformed into a differentiable convex optimization problem. A dual optimization method is used to solve the smoothed model. Through mathematical deduction and numerical simulations, the rationality of the model and the validity of the algorithm are verified as long as the elastic and cost coefficients take appropriate values. Thus, different user types and the supplier can be determined by selecting different elastic and cost coefficients.
Precautionary Effort Investment under Cross Risk Aversion
Authors: Tao Yuqing , Mei Jie , Cheng Wen , Zou Sijie
Published: September 2019

This paper deals with the effort problem under multiple risks in bivariate utility setting. We identify preference conditions to insure positive or negative effect of a background variable uncertainty on effort in the presence of other risks. We allow for the simultaneous presence of wealth and background variable uncertainties. We investigate the joint effect of two-source uncertainties on effort when two risks are either small or positive quadrant dependent. Our work extends the previous model of effort to bivariate utility framework and presents new insights into the issue of optimal effort under uncertainty.
A New Technique for Simultaneous Measurement of Nanodarcy-Range Permeability and Adsorption Isotherms of Tight Rocks Using Magnetic Suspension Balance
Authors: Ratnakar Ram R. , Dindoruk Birol
Published: September 2019

Flow and adsorptive characteristics of methane and other natural gases onto tight rock formations are of economic interest for proper engineering evaluation and reservoir performance management. This work presents a novel technique to enable the simultaneous determination of nanodarcy permeability and adsorption isotherms of gas in such formations through the transient analysis of experimental data from magnetic suspension balance (MSB).

MSB has primarily been shown to be an effective tool for evaluating the amount of gases adsorbed onto tight shales/coals, especially when the adsorbed amount is small. In addition to the classical usage of the measured data using MSB, a new mathematical model based on volume averaging has been developed to describe the transient behavior of the adsorption phenomenon and to obtain the nominal or apparent permeability of shale samples from experimental data. Historically, the permeability of nanoporous materials is measured using two leading methods: the Gas Research Institute method and the pressure–pulse–decay method; however, neither of these methods yields information about the adsorptive behavior of the porous medium or considers such phenomena. In this study, we developed a simple theoretical framework to obtain the isotherm of gas adsorption onto a tight shale (or other tight materials such as coal) sample and the permeability of the sample, simultaneously. The results show that the permeability vs. pressure plot follows the Klinkenberg effect at lower pressures, as expected. The overall methodology developed here can be applied to any type of adsorbing gases and shale/coal samples. The utility and validity of the methodology are demonstrated by applying the developed methodology in experiments performed on three tight shale samples (unconventionals) using two different gases: methane and CO2.
Psychometric Assessment of the Post-Secondary Student Stressors Index (PSSI)
Authors: Linden Brooke , Stuart Heather
Published: September 2019

Background: Previous research has linked excessive stress among post-secondary students to poor academic performance and poor mental health. Despite attempts to ameliorate mental health challenges at post-secondary institutions, there exists a gap in the evaluation of the specific sources of stress for students within the post-secondary setting. Methods: The goal of this study was to develop a new instrument to better assess the sources of post-secondary student stress. Over the course of two years, the Post-Secondary Student Stressors Index (PSSI) was created in collaboration with post-secondary students as co-developers and subject matter experts. In this study, we used a combination of individual cognitive interviews (n = 11), an online consensus survey modeled after a traditional Delphi method (n = 65), and an online pre- (n = 535) and post-test (n = 350) survey to psychometrically evaluate the PSSI using samples of students from Ontario, Canada. We collected four types of evidence for validity, including: content evidence, response processes evidence, internal structure evidence, and relations to other variables. The test-retest reliability of the instrument was also evaluated. Results: The PSSI demonstrated strong psychometric properties. Content validation and response processes evidence was derived from active student involvement throughout the development and refinement of the tool. Exploratory factor analysis suggested that the structure of the PSSI reflects the internal structure of an index, rather than a scale, as expected. Test-retest reliability of the instrument was comparable to existing, established instruments. Finally, the PSSI demonstrated good relationships with like measures of stress, distress, and resilience, in the hypothesized directions. Conclusions: The PSSI is a 46-item inventory that will allow post-secondary institutions to pinpoint the most severe and frequently occurring stressors on their campus. This knowledge will facilitate appropriate targeting of priority areas, and help institutions to better align their mental health promotion and mental illness prevention programming with the needs of their campus.
Long Term Surgical Outcomes For Infective Endocarditis In People Who Inject Drugs: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis
Authors: Goodman-Meza David , Weiss Robert E , Gamboa Sebastian , Gallegos Abel , Bui Alex AT , Goetz Matthew B , Shoptaw Steve , Landovitz Raphael J
Published: September 2019

Background: In the United States, the number of infective endocarditis (IE) cases associated with injection drug use has increased. Clinical guidelines suggest deferring surgery for IE in people who inject drugs (PWID) due to a concern for worse outcomes in comparison to non-injectors (non-PWID). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of long-term outcomes in PWID who underwent cardiac surgery and compared these outcomes to non-PWID.
Methods: We systematically searched for studies reported between 1965 and 2018. We used an algorithm to estimate individual patient data (eIPD) from Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves and combined it with published individual patient data (IPD) to analyze long-term outcomes after cardiac surgery for IE in PWID . Our primary outcome was survival. Secondary outcomes were reoperation and mortality at 30-days, one-, five-, and 10-years. Random effects Cox regression was used for estimating survival.
Results: We included 27 studies in the systematic review and 19 provided data (KM or IPD) for the meta-analysis. PWID were younger and more likely to have S. aureus than non-PWID. Survival at 30-days, one-, five-, and 10-years was 94.3%, 81.0%, 62.1%, and 56.6% in PWID, respectively; and 96.4%, 85.0%, 70.3%, and 63.4% in non-PWID. PWID had 47% greater hazard of death (HR 1.47, 95% CI, 1.05-2.05) and more than twice the hazard of reoperation (HR 2.37, 95% CI, 1.25-4.50) than non-PWID.
Conclusion: PWID were younger and had shorter survival that non-PWID. Implementing evidence-based interventions and testing new modalities are urgently needed to improve outcomes in PWID after cardiac surgery.
WITHDRAWN: Evaluation of two faecal occult blood diagnostic tests for detection of non-perforating abomasal lesions in cattle
Authors: Munch Sara Lee , Nielsen Søren Saxmose , Krogh Mogens Agerbo , Capion Nynne
Published: September 2019

Non-perforating abomasal lesions have been observed with a high prevalence in slaughtered dairy cattle. Of all lesions found 62-66% were reported to be bleeding and 41-44% were reported to be chronic. The diagnostic properties of two faecal occult blood tests for detection abomasal lesions were evaluated. First, an in vitro titration test was used to determine the detection limit for blood in faeces for each of the tests. A tetramethylbenzidine-based test detected 2 ml blood and a guaiac-based test detected 4.5 ml of blood per 1,000 g faeces. Then, to determine if blood is degraded by rumen microbes, an in vitro study of blood fermentation in rumen fluid was conducted. Blood or haemoglobin in the quantities used did not break down when fermented for 48 hours. Lastly, faeces from 1,553 cattle was collected in a slaughterhouse and tested for the presence of blood the same day and 2 days after. The faecal results were compared with the presence of abomasal lesions in the cattle investigated. Cattle with ≥ 4 lesion subtypes considered to be bleeding had more positive test results. Cattle with ≥ 4 subtype Ib lesions had 1.7 times higher odds of testing positive in the tetramethylbenzidine test on Day 2 (95% confidence interval: 1.4 – 1.9) and cattle with ≥ 4 subtype Ic lesions had 1.9 times higher odds of testing positive (95% confidence interval: 1.6 – 2.3). However, 20% false-positive results were also observed, and a positive test can not necessarily be interpreted as the cow having abomasal lesions.
Effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on survival benefit in stage III colon cancer patients stratified by age: a Japanese real-world cohort study
Authors: Kawamura Hidetaka , Morishima Toshitaka , Sato Akira , Honda Michitaka , Miyashiro Isao
Published: September 2019

Background: Adjuvant chemotherapy is relatively underused in older patients with colon cancer in Japan, and its age-specific effects on clinical outcomes remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on survival benefit in stage III colon cancer patients stratified by age in a Japanese real-world setting. Methods: In this multi-center retrospective cohort study, we analyzed patient-level information through a record linkage of population-based cancer registry data and administrative claims data. The study population comprised patients aged ≥18 years who received a pathological diagnosis of stage III colon cancer and underwent curative resection between 2010 and 2014 at 36 cancer care hospitals in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. Patients were divided into two groups based on age at diagnosis (<75 and ≥75 years). The effect of adjuvant chemotherapy was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression models for all-cause mortality with inverse probability weighting of propensity scores. Adjusted hazard ratios were estimated for both age groups. Results: A total of 783 patients were analyzed; 476 (60.8%) were aged <75 years and 307 (39.2%) were aged ≥75 years. The proportion of older patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy (36.8%) was substantially lower than that of younger patients (73.3%). In addition, the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy was different between the age groups: the adjusted hazard ratio was 0.56 (95% confidence interval: 0.33-0.94, P =0.027) in younger patients and 1.07 (0.66-1.74, P =0.78) in older patients. Conclusions: The clinical effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy in older patients with stage III colon cancer appears limited under current utilization practices.
Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, the Only Oncology Center in Ethiopia
Authors: Etissa Eyob Kebede , Assefa Mathewos Assefa , Ayele Birhanu Teshome
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in males and the second in females worldwide. According to Addis Ababa cancer registry, it is the first in male and fourth in female in Ethiopia. However, there have not been studies on prognostic factors and survival of colorectal cancer. Hence, this study aimed to estimate survival time and identify prognostic factors. METHODS: In this institution based retrospective study, medical records review of 422 colorectal cancer patients and telephone interview was used as sources of data. Survival time was estimated using Kaplan-Meier estimator. Prognostic factors were identified using the multivariable Cox regression model. RESULTS: The median survival time was 39 months. The overall five years survival rate was 33%. Patients diagnosed with rectal cancer had 76% (HR: 1.761, 95% CI: 1.173-2.644) increased risk to die compared to colon cancer patients. Node positive patients were 3.146 (95% CI: 1.626-6.078) times likely to die compared to node negative and metastatic cancer were 4.221 (95% CI: 2.788-6.392) times likely to die compared to non-metastatic patients. Risk of death was 36.1% lesser (HR: 0.639 (95% CI: 0.418-0.977)) among those who received adjuvant therapy compared to patients who had only surgical resection. CONCLUSION: The overall survival rate is low and majority of patients were young adults at presentation. Patient’s survival is largely influenced by advanced stage at presentation and delays in administration of adjuvant therapy. Adjuvant therapy was among the good prognostic factors. Implementation of colorectal cancer screening program and early detection with timely and advanced treatment are crucial to increase patients’ survival time. KEY WORDS: Colorectal cancer, survival, prognostic factor, Cox regression, Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa.
Impact of a semi-structured briefing on the management of adverse events in anesthesiology: A randomized pilot study.
Authors: Neuhaus Christopher , Schäfer Johannes , Weigand Markus A. , Lichtenstern Christoph
Published: September 2019

Background : Human factors research has identified mental models as a key component for the effective sharing and organization of knowledge. The challenge lies in the development and application of tools that help team members to arrive at a shared understanding of a situation. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of a semi-structured briefing on the management of a simulated airway emergency.
Methods : 37 interprofessional teams were asked to perform a simulated rapid-sequence induction in the simulator. Teams were presented with a “cannot ventilate, cannot oxygenate” scenario that ultimately required a cricothyroidotomy. Study group (SG) teams were asked to perform a briefing prior to induction, while controls (CG) were asked to perform their usual routine.
Results : We observed no difference in the mean time until cricothyroidotomy (SG 8:31 CG 8:16, p=0.36). There was a significant difference in groups’ choice of alternative means of oxygenation: While SG teams primarily chose supraglottic airway devices, controls initially reverted to mask ventilation (p=0.005). SG teams spent significantly less time with this alternative airway device and were quicker to advance in the airway algorithm.
Conclusions : Our study addresses effects on team coordination through a shared mental model as effected by a briefing prior to anesthesia induction. We found measurable improvements in airway management during those stages of the difficult airway algorithm explicitly discussed in the briefing. For those, time spent was shorter and participants were quicker to advance in the airway algorithm.