bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reforma Izbornog zakonodavstva Bosne i Hercegovine radi ostvarivanja potpune demokracije
Authors: Kovačević Slaven
Published: September 2021

Polazeći od ishoda Francuske revolucije iz XVIII stoljeća, kada je došlo do otpora građanstva monarhiji kao formi vladavine, odnosno autokratskim vladarima u to vrijeme, što je dovelo do prelaska na novu formu vladavine – republike – stvoren je novi okvir za ostvarivanje demokratskih prava svih građana kroz njihovo učešće u odlučivanju i donošenju svih zakona u njihovoj zemlji. Nakon proglašenja nezavisnosti i obnove državnosti Bosne i Hercegovine, putem referenduma iz marta 1992. godine, dolazi do tranzicijskog prelaska sa prethodnog socijalističkog sistema na liberalno-demokratski sistem, parlamentarnog karaktera i višestranačje, čime i ova zemlja nastoji postati dijelom demokratskih zemalja. Ustavom Bosne i Hercegovine, koji nije bio izraz demokratske volje građana ove zemlje, iskreiran je jedan novi politički sistem, koji je u svojoj anglo-saksonskoj formi ostavio niz nedorečenosti, koje se i danas reflektiraju na različite oblasti društveno-političkog života, a time i na izborni sistem u zemlji. Nasuprot toga stoje preporuke iz 14 ključnih prioriteta iz Mišljenja Europske komisije o zahtjevu Bosne i Hercegovinu za članstvo u Europskoj uniji, od kojih je jedan reforma izbornog zakonodavstva i uspostavljanje potpune demokracije
Kratka istorija konstitutivnosti u BiH
Authors: Papić Žarko
Published: September 2021

Ravnopravnost Bošnjaka, Hrvata i Srba i građana osnova je Bosne i Hercegovine, njihove zajedničke nedjeljive domovine. Nacionalna ravnopravnost je ostvarivanje kolektivnih ljudskih prava. Konstitutivnost je ustavni mehanizam kojim se ona ostvaruje. Nužan je dogovor, nema većine i manjine niti preglasavanja. Ustavni mehanizmi kojim se obezbjeđuje konstitutivnost moraju se modifikovati. Time će e spriječiti blokada institucija. Ukidanje konstitutivnosti i tzv. građanskog principa „jedan čovjek jedan glas“ destabilizuje zemlju
Preferencijalno glasanje i otvorene liste ključ reforme Izbornog zakonodavstva
Authors: Vukadinović Srđan
Published: September 2021

Mnoštvo je pitanja koje se u stručnoj javnosti preferiraju kao bitna i opredjeljujuća kada je riječ o reformi izbornog zakonodavstva Bosne i Hercegovine. Nedvojbeno jako je bitno i pitanje vanrednih ili prijevremenih izbora, kao i ograničavanja fenomena preletača ili implementacija presuda međunarodnih sudova, i mnogo drugih, u najmanju ruku problematičnih izbornih instituta. Ali, ono što bi trebalo da je srž suštinskih promjena u sferi izbornog zakonodavstva je institut uvođenja otvorenih lista, i nadogradnje instituta preferencijalnog glasanja. Individualne ili otvorene liste omogućavaju jednom kandidatu da se kandiduje za razliku od trenutnih rješenja gdje je definisano da se vijećnici i poslanici biraju sa lista partija, koalicija ili grupe građana, pri čemu se glasa kolektivno za listu, a ne pojedinca na njoj. Individualne kandidature su nešto što je nesporno i to je pravo birača da shodno svom izbornom postignuću i kapacitetu igra značajniju ulogu u parlamentarnom i političkom ambijentu države i društva. Otvorene liste i preferencijalno glasanja bi državnost i konstitutivnost Bosne i Hercegovine, kao složene države, podigle na viši kvalitativni i stabilniji nivo održivosti. Uz svo uvažavanje ustavne konstitutivnosti naroda, iste bi urušile partijsku državu, povećale odgovornost izabranih dužnosnika i omogućile veći stepen neposredne demokratije.
Public Views of the Economy of the Renewable Energy Sources: Evidence from Russia
Authors: Streimikiene Dalia , Akberdina Victoria
Published: September 2021

Recent worldwide growing awareness of the global climate changes stressed the importance of developing and supporting the renewable energy sources (RES). However, the public support for RES varies across various countries and regions, especially those abundant in traditional fossil fuels. This paper presents the analysis of the public views of the economics of the renewable energy using the results of the online survey (N = 750) conducted in several regions of the Russian Federation, a country abundant in natural gas and oil. Our results indicate that there is a mixed opinion on trust in RES as opposed to the traditional energy sources. Even though we found some support for the renewable energy technologies, it appears that it is correlated with the respondents’ concerns about the environmental protection and sustainable development as well as with some demographic variables. The outcomes of the regression analysis confirmed that positive attitudes towards climate protection predetermined the support for various types of RES, while the financial or political gains did not come through as significant. The results indicate that public views on the renewable energy sources could and should be shaped by the information campaigns and presentations in mass media conducted by relevant policymakers and public authorities.
Methods of Measuring the Effectiveness of Logistics Activities
Authors: Dmuchowski Robert
Published: September 2021

Companies which wish to operate on the market must constantly discover and shape new potentials and abilities to create benefits that might ensure them long-term increase in efficiency and development. One of the ways to gain economic advantage is to reduce costs in all possible areas of their generation and maximize consumer satisfaction through more efficient and rational flow of primary products and goods (Manzouri &, Ab Rahman, 2013). Logistics, understood as a modern management concept, allows to achieve such economic and market effects. Comprehensive management of all activities related to material flows, goods or services from supply sources to users of finished products brings benefits in reducing total costs, which results in better economic results. Companies use various sets of indicators for measuring economic and operational efficiency and the most commonly used ones are profitability rates. The main goal of the article is to present an assessment of the efficiency of logistics processes based on the unit costs which arise in the areas recognized as logistic. The research problem is to indicate the method of measurement in order to examine the relationship between logistics management and the reduction of total costs and thus to study the impact of supply chain management on the efficiency and effectiveness of an economic entity. The applied research method is based on calculating the value of logistic cost-effectiveness coefficients and presenting them in dynamic terms. Lower values of the logistic cost-effectiveness coefficients will mean better logistic effects and more rational use of resources. The use of the presented measurement methods will allow company managers to create the most optimal supply chains in their business ventures. The article presents the cost-effectiveness rates calculated for logistics processes in the period 2018-2019 in the Large-area Multi-Branch Materials Warehouse in Kutno (centrally located, modern logistics warehouse) and the Materials Warehouse Jawidz
CONSTRUÇÃO DE IMAGENS PANORÂMICAS EM MÚLTIPLAS FAIXAS DE ALTURA E LARGURA USANDO ALGORITMOS WATERSHED E GRAPH-CUT
Authors: Silva Caio  Chizzolini , Silva Francisco  Assis  da , Almeida Leandro  Luiz  de , Pereira Danillo Roberto , Artero Almir Olivette , Piteri Marco Antônio
Published: September 2021

In this work we developed an algorithm for building panoramas with multiple height and width ranges. For multilinear stitching, images were initially placed in a matrix and partial panoramas with images from the same column are generated. To complete the final panorama, the columns were divided with the help of support points and the neighboring columns were stitched, being reassembled at the end of the process. The stitching was performed with a graph cut algorithm in conjunction with the Watershed algorithm.
Modelagem Probabilística de Tópicos: Uma Comparação Empírica
Authors: Rocha Leonardo H. , Welter Daniel , Duarte Denio
Published: September 2021

Abordagens probabilísticas de tópicos são ferramentas para descobrir e explorar estruturas temáticas escondidas em coleções de textos. Dada uma coleção de documentos, a tarefa de extrair os tópicos consiste em criar um vocabulário a partir da coleção, verificar a probabilidade de cada palavra pertencer a um documento da coleção. Em seguida, baseado no número de tópicos desejado, a probabilidade de cada palavra estar associada a um determinado tópico é contabilizada. Assim, um tópico é um conjunto de palavras ordenadas pela probabilidade de estar associada ao tópico. Várias abordagens são encontradas na literatura para criação de modelos de tópicos, e.g., Hierarchical Dirichlet Process (HDP), Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) e Dirichlet-multinomial Regression (DMR). Este trabalho procura identificar a qualidade dos tópicos construídos pelas quatro abordagens citadas. A Qualidade será medida por métricas de coerência e todas as abordagens terão a mesma coleção de documentos como entrada: notícias de websites dos jornais Breibart, Business Insider, The Atlantic, CNN e New York Times contendo 50.000 artigos. Os resultados mostram que DMR e LDA são os melhores modelos para extrair tópicos da coleção utilizada.
Escalabilidade no contexto de Prontuário Eletrônico do Paciente baseado em Blockchain: Um Estudo Experimental sobre Armazenamento Off-chain
Authors: Soares Pamella , Araújo Allysson Allex , Saraiva Raphael , Souza Jerffeson
Published: September 2021

O Prontuário Eletrônico do Paciente (PEP) é uma estrutura fundamental para manutenção da informação sobre a saúde do indivíduo, cujos dados demandam interoperabilidade e privacidade no fornecimento de cuidados aos pacientes. Nesse contexto, o uso de blockchain se demonstra promissor por permitir que diferentes atores formem uma rede que compartilha informações confiáveis, favorecendo a disponibilidade e integridade. Porém, tal integração ainda deve lidar com o desafio da escalabilidade em blockchain, o que pode ser um impasse em PEPs tendo em vista a quantidade de dados intrínseca ao domínio da saúde. Como parte de uma pesquisa em desenvolvimento, este artigo apresenta um modelo arquitetural preliminar e um estudo experimental o qual avalia o uso de uma estratégia off-chain para lidar com o desafio da escalabilidade no contexto de PEP baseado em blockchain. Contribui-se, portanto, no avanço da adoção de blockchain em projetos de PEP.
Open scientist in the wonderland: advocating for blockchain-based decentralized applications for science
Authors: Santos Alcemir Rodrigues
Published: September 2021

For too long now, centralized publication governance, unrewarded efforts for reviewing and editing high quality research have been on the spot. In this vision paper, we promote the idea of shifting the research communities collaboration and knowledge sharing towards blockchain-based decentralized platforms. Such changes have the power to fulfill several requirements for open science from the starting point.
Promising Water Management Strategies for Arid and Semiarid Environments
Authors: Zeggaf Tahiri Adel , Carmi G. , Ünlü M.
Published: September 2021

Water is the most limiting factor for crop production in arid and semiarid areas. The search of promising water management strategies is foremost for achieving highly productive and sustainable agriculture. Irrigation water management, water conservation, and nonconventional water use for agriculture are key issues to be considered by the National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) in these areas. According to climate change scenarios and population growth predictions, these countries will undergo even severe water scarcity levels. Failure of resolving food production challenge will exacerbate tensions between countries, wars, and illegal immigration and compromise human, social, economic, and sustainable development in these areas. However, the search for innovative solutions to water scarcity must comply with societal values, environmental sustainability, and market growth.
Influence of the Incidence Angle Modifier and Radiation as a Function of the Module Performance for Monocrystalline Textured Glass and No Textured in Outdoor Exposed
Authors: Faye Issa , Ndiaye Ababacar , Mamadou Elkhadji
Published: September 2021

The variation of the incidence angle over the year is an important parameter determined the performance of the module. The standard orientation of the module or a PV system, the perpendicular positioning of the sun to the module’s surface occurs twice a year. In outdoor exposed, angular losses of the module decrease the output of the PV or the system of PV. Although these losses are not always negligible, they are commonly not taken into account when correcting the electrical characteristics of the PV module or estimating the energy production of PV systems. This chapter is focused on the measurement of the angular response and spectral radiation (global and direct radiation) of solar cells based on two different silicon technologies, monocrystalline textured (m-Si) and non textured (mc-Si). The analysis of the source of deviation from the theoretical response, especially those due to the surface reflectance. As main contributions, the effects of glass encapsulation on the angular response of the modules are investigated by comparing the electrical parameter of the textured module to no textured and quantify electrical angular losses in this measurement area.
Translanguaging as an act of emancipation: Rethinking assessment tools in multilingual pedagogy in South Africa
Authors: Mbirimi-Hungwe Vimbai
Published: September 2021

A plethora of research concerned with translanguaging pedagogy exists. The available research shows a considerable effort by researchers at the tertiary level in South Africa. However, the question about which language should be used for assessment, especially at university, has been a matter of concern among many lecturers. Using a group of first-year medical students, a study was conducted to find out if proficiency in the English language is required as a measure of success in content-related material. Statistical analysis of a control group and an intervention group showed a significant difference in the performance of the students after the assessment of a task. The intervention group, that had been given the opportunity to discuss the main ideas of a text and write a summary based on the text, performed better than their counterparts in the control group. However, it should be noted that during the assessment, the English language grammatical rules were not the priority; instead, emphasis was placed on students’ ability to identify and use the main ideas in the summary. The results prompts this researcher to conclude that students are emancipated from the bounds of proficiency in the English language through the use of a translanguaging pedagogy when assessed on their display of content knowledge instead. For this reason, the researcher urges all academics to compile assessments that focus on content knowledge and allow students to use translanguaging to understand and make meaning of content material.
Written narratives of Grade 5 learners with developmental language difficulties: A group discussion intervention study
Authors: Moonsamy Sharon
Published: September 2021

Increased demand on a learner’s linguistic, cognitive and metacognitive abilities is expected at higher grades in schools. The application of cognitive and metacognitive strategies when learning is, however, not always automatic, therefore explicit mediation to retrieve and apply these processes appropriately, is essential. This paper aims to compare the linguistic experiences of Grade 5 learners with Developmental Language Difficulties (DLD) when writing a narrative, pre- and post-discussion intervention. The intervention approach is grounded in Feuerstein (2006) and Vygotsky’s (1934/1987) theories of cognitive development. This quantitative and qualitative study was a quasi-experimental, pre- and posttest design. The sample consisted of 10 Grade 5 learners from a remedial school. The pretest written narratives preceded the intervention phase and were followed by the posttest narratives. The macro- and microstructure of the written narratives were analysed, using an adapted framework based on Fey’s (2001) and Moonsamy’s (2009) analysis protocol. Explicit discussions on writing processes should generalise to familiar and novel tasks required in all learning situations. The findings suggest that interventions, using group discussions, were beneficial for learners with DLD where knowledge was coconstructed. Improvements in microstructure were evident while the macrostructure remained the same at post-intervention. This study contributes to evidence-based practice for learner instruction in mainstream and special needs environments.
An analysis of learners' spoken English in public and private schools
Authors: Vukosi Lina , Smith Corle Gertruida , Rautenbach Eunice , Collins Gary
Published: September 2021

This study explored the various aspects of Grade 12 English as a first additional language (EFAL) learners’ oral proficiency and compared the different aspects of poor oral achievement in selected public and private schools in Gauteng, South Africa. Furthermore, it investigated reasons for the difference in the level of English oral proficiency of the learners in these schools. The difference in the level of English language proficiency was found to be linked to several sociolinguistic factors and environments that exert an influence on the teaching and learning environment. The South African learning environment is characterised by multicultural learners who attain English as a FAL. Public schools are state-governed schools and private schools are independent, often found in the CBD and owned by private stakeholders. The private schools are not necessarily elitist or wealthier than public schools in Gauteng which is a densely populated area. Learners’ oral proficiency was compared to determine which environment was perceived to facilitate the desired advanced level of English oral proficiency. The main question was: Which areas related to the oral English Language proficiency of Grade 12 FET English FAL learners need to be addressed and how does this differ between learners from private and public schools? This study dealt with the learner responses of stakeholders and FET Grade 12 learners in Gauteng in former model-C public schools in Soshanguve and private schools in the CBD of Tshwane. A mixed-methods research approach was followed in order to highlight specific areas and to uncover discrepancies pertaining to poor oral English language proficiency. This is followed by qualitative, semi-structured interview responses to clarify the central focus of the study. The findings also confirmed that a limited vocabulary, due to inadequate exposure to English at home was considered the primary cause of the problem.
Attenuation of Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress by Endurance Training in the Cerebellum of Diabetic Rats
Authors: Taheri Asma , Habibi Abdolhamid , Shakerian Saeid , Tabandeh Mohammad Reza , Nikbakht Masoud
Published: September 2021

Objectives: Identifying the effective exercise protocol that attenuates the functional and molecular disturbances in different regions of the brain, in particular the cerebellum, can help the proper management of neuropathies in diabetic patients. Methods: Twenty rats were randomly divided into four groups: (1) Normal control group (CON), (2) normal exercise group (TH), (3) diabetes control group (DC), and (4) diabetes exercise group (TD). Diabetes was induced by i.p injection of a single dose of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). The endurance training protocol was performed on a treadmill for five days a week for six weeks with moderate intensity. The activities of antioxidant enzymes and the expression or release of apoptotic factors were analyzed based on data from rat cerebellum tissue at the end of the experiments. Results: Six weeks of endurance training improved the oxidative defense system by increasing the activities of SOD (from 3.70 ± 0.64 to 6.55 ± 0.56), GPx (from 3.42 ± 0.73 to 4.84 ± 0.62), and catalase (from 1.36 ± 0.23 to 3.59 ± 0.37) and reducing the MDA concentration (from 6.81 ± 1.34 to 4.33 ± 1.03) in the cerebellum of diabetic rats. Increased expression or cytosolic release of apoptotic effectors such as bax, caspase 3, and cytochrome c in the cerebellum of diabetic rats were attenuated following exercise training. Conclusions: Our research results showed that six weeks of endurance training may be helpful for the attenuation of neuropathies in diabetic patients by the attenuation of apoptosis and oxidative stress in the cerebellum.
Hanlon’s Razor
Authors: Ballantyne Nathan , Ditto Peter H. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

“Never attribute to malice that which is adequately explained by stupidity”—so says Hanlon’s Razor. This principle is designed to curb the human tendency toward explaining other people’s behavior by moralizing it. We ask whether Hanlon’s Razor is good or bad advice. After offering a nuanced interpretation of the principle, we critically evaluate two strategies purporting to show it is good advice. Our discussion highlights important, unsettled questions about an idea that has the potential to infuse greater humility and civility into discourse and debate.
Jane Gordon and the Creolization of Political Theory—a Gendered Reasoning
Authors: Lindsay Keisha ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

This essay illuminates and expands upon Gordon’s pathbreaking understanding of creolization as a normatively and geographically fluid process. I begin by highlighting Gordon’s understanding of “progressive” creolization as that which occurs when marginalized groups syncretize distinct, sometimes antagonistic, practices and representations in ways that foster anti-colonial resistance. I use the remainder of the essay to detail how my own research, on self-defined black ladies in Jamaica and the United States, builds upon Gordon’s crucial insight that some forms of creolization are better than others. I do so by demonstrating that gendered hierarchies of power inform how and why creolization is a simultaneously local and transnational phenomenon that engenders anti-racist as well as patriarchal politics.
A Ideia de uma Filosofia Primeira na Fenomenologia de Edmund Husserl
Authors: Alves Pedro M. S. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

In dieser Arbeit wird die Selbstdarstellung der Phänomenologie als Wissenschaft der Weltkonstituierende transzendentale n Subjektivität, nach einer Erklärung über das, was wir die «Grundfrage» der Phänomenologie nennen, betrachtet. Diese Grundfrage ist die thematisierung des unerklärt Voraussetzung aller philosophischer und wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnis: die Vorgegebenheit einer Welt als Horizont für alle aktuelle oder mögliche Forschung. Die phänomenologischen Begriffe von «Reduktion», «Intentionalität» und «transzendentaler Subjektivität» sind dargestellt als Strecken für die Begrenzung des Feldes, in dem die Frage über die Welt nachfolgend bearbeitet und systematisch beantwortet sein könnte.
A Avaliação no Ensino da Filosofía
Authors: Medina Silva Isabel ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

O presente ensaio pretende levantar algumas dificuldades na aplicação de técnicas de avaliação no âmbito do ensino da filosofia no secundário. Com efeito, o ensino da filosofía encerra diversos paradoxos, quer ao nível da sua própria ensinabilidade, quer ao nível dos modelos de aprendizagem e da respectiva avaliação. Grande parte das dificuldades sentidas pela maioria dos professores provém de duas ordens de factores: - por um lado, do sistema educativo português que utiliza instrumentos legais para institucionalizar mecanismos de avaliação tendencialmente centralizadores e com efeitos retroactivos sobre os próprios modelos de ensino--aprendizagem; - por outro lado, da abordagem didáctica curricular da própria disciplina de filosofía, a qual, pelos seus objectivos próprios e pela natureza do seu saber questionante e radicalizante, não se quer inscrita no currículo como «mais uma disciplina » entre outras. Após se enunciar sumariamente alguns dos conhecidos (e não recentes) problemas que emergem do contexto das relações institucion ais entre a docência e o poder, onde a avaliação desempenha uma função crucial, propõe-se uma análise de aspectos da prática avaliativa no ensino da filosofía, tais como: - inadequação de procedimentos e dificuldades decorrentes da aplicação de técnicas de avaliação que foram pensadas para os domínios das ciências exactas ou experimentáis, quando transpostas para a área do ensino da filosofía; - a polémica entre os modelos quantitativos e os modelos qualitativos e a necessidade de inovação em áreas onde se verifica uma notória insuficiência na investigação pedagógica; - algumas sugestões sobre critérios e elementos a ter em conta no processo de avaliação para que esta não se reduza a mera técnica classificativa. Conclui-se apontando como orientação que a avaliação em filosófía deva ser pensada integradam ente no contexto da própria aprendizagem filosófica, e nunca como um ‘corpo estranho’ a esse processo, embora reconhecendo que se torna cada vez mais difícil conciliar esse propósito com as exigências institucionais de aferir essas práticas avaliativas segundo padrões ou normas criteriais genéricas.
Lettura Medieval e Moderna de Descartes
Authors: Cerqueira Gonçalves Joaquim ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

On cherche de faire une lecture de la philosophie de Descartes dans l'horizont d'une herméneutique compréhensive, sans rester au niveau extérieur des influences et des conséquences. La lecture médiévale - une des lectures médiévales - de Descartes tendra à voir dans son ouvrage l'expression de la tendance verticale de la raison et la lecture moderne - une des lectures modernes - préfère y voir la tendance horizontale.
Foucault: da Morte do Sujeito ao Sujeito da Morte
Authors: Pereira Arêdes José de Almeida ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

In the context of the Convention on Descartes, Leibniz and Modernity, our aim is to show how Foucault followed a course which, although devoid of teleological intention, led him from the criticism of the subject to the subject of criticism. Starting from the criticism of Descartes and of the thinking subject as the basis of knowledge, we aim to show how Foucault first explores the death of the subject as the death of the substantial subject and how he is then urged to move from subjection (ontological hetero-constitution) to subjectivation (ontological self-constitution), thus showing the danger of the separation proposed by Descartes between the subject of knowledge and the ethical subject. This means the constitution of a subject that is ethical instead of moral, the exploration by Foucault of a subject that constructs it self through the practice of liberty, which is made possible through the technologies of self-care. Melete thanatou, or meditatio non death, stands our among these technologies, as an exercise of detachment and practice of the self and the liberty.
A Constituição de 1822 uma Filosofia Política Intempestiva
Authors: Soromenho-Marques Viriato ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

In this paper the philosophical foundations of the first Portuguese Constitution are submitted to critical analysis. Drafted in the aftermath of the 1820 Revolution, the Constitution of 1822 is deeply determined by contradictory tensions and forces. We may see in it the trace of the freedom trends developed in the Enlightenment period and led to practical terms in the dramatic battleground of the French Revolution. Nevertheless, the Portuguese Constitution of 1822 reflect also the energetic resistance from the conservative sectors and values of the Portuguese society and also the coming influence of the Restoration Age political philosophy, aimed to fight the rationalistic paradigm of natural right constitutional theories.
Diagnostic Strategies for Endemic Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Kost Gerald J.
Published: September 2021

Context.—

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rapid antigen tests generate intrinsically fast, inherently spatial, and immediately actionable results. They quickly confirm COVID-19, but weakly rule out infection. Test performance depends on prevalence and testing protocol. Both affect predictive values.

Objectives.—

To use original mathematics and visual logistics for interpreting COVID-19 rapid antigen test performance patterns, gauge the influence of prevalence, and evaluate repeated testing.

Design.—

Mathematica and open access software helped graph relationships, perform recursive computations, and compare performance patterns. PubMed retrieved articles addressing endemic COVID-19 were reviewed.

Results.—

Tiered sensitivity/specificity comprise the following: T1 (90%/95%), T2 (95%/97.5%), and T3 (100%/≥99%). Performance of self-tests and home antigen tests with US Food and Drug Administration Emergency Use Authorization peaks in low prevalence. Fall-off in performance appears with increasing prevalence because suboptimal sensitivity creates false negatives. The rate of false omissions limits clinical use because of prevalence boundaries based on tolerance for risk. Mathematical analysis supports testing twice to improve predictive values and extend prevalence boundaries nearly to levels of herd immunity.

Conclusions.—

COVID-19 is quickly becoming endemic. Suboptimal sensitivity of rapid antigen tests limits performance in high prevalence. Risk of contagion in packed spaces (eg, airplanes) might be avoided with dual testing 36 hours apart, allowing time for viral load to increase. Awareness of community prevalence and proof of improved performance with repeated testing will help manage COVID-19 risk, while meeting rapid decision-making needs for highly contagious and new variants (eg, Delta). New COVID-19 variants call for high-quality, low cost, readily accessible, fast, user friendly, and ubiquitous point-of-care testing.
Aging Phenotypes and Restoring Functional Deficits in Older Adults With Hematologic Malignancy
Authors: Rosko Ashley E. , Wall Sarah , Baiocchi Robert , Benson Don M. , Brammer Jonathan E. , Byrd John C. , Efebera Yvonne A. , Maddocks Kami , Rogers Kerry A. , Jones Desiree , Sucheston-Campbell Lara , Tang Hancong , Ozer Hatice Gulcin , Huang Ying , Burd Christin E. , Naughton Michelle J.
Published: September 2021

Background:Gauging fitness remains a challenge among older adults with hematologic malignancies, and interventions to restore function are lacking. We pilot a structured exercise intervention and novel biologic correlates of aging using epigenetic clocks and markers of immunosenescence to evaluate changes in function and clinical outcomes.Methods:Older adults (n=30) with hematologic malignancy actively receiving treatment were screened and enrolled in a 6-month exercise intervention, the Otago Exercise Programme (OEP). The impact of the OEP on geriatric assessment metrics and health-related quality of life were captured. Clinical outcomes of overall survival and hospital utilization (inpatient length of stay and emergency department use) in relationship to geriatric deficits were analyzed.Results:Older adults (median age, 75.5 years [range, 62–83 years]) actively receiving treatment were enrolled in the OEP. Instrumental activities of daily living and physical health scores (PHS) increased significantly with the OEP intervention (median PHS: visit 1, 55 [range, 0–100]; visit 2, 70 [range, 30–100];P<.01). Patient-reported Karnofsky performance status increased significantly, and the improvement was sustained (median [range]: visit 1, 80 [40–100]; visit 3, 90 [50–100];P=.05). Quality of life (Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System [PROMIS]) improved significantly by the end of the 6-month period (median [range]: visit 1, 32.4 [19.9–47.7]; visit 3, 36.2 [19.9–47.7];P=.01]. Enhanced measures of gait speed and balance, using the Short Physical Performance Battery scores, were associated with a 20% decrease in risk of death (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.65–0.97;P=.03) and a shorter hospital length of stay (decrease of 1.29 days; 95% CI, −2.46 to −0.13;P=.03). Peripheral blood immunosenescent markers were analyzed in relationship to clinical frailty and reports of mPhenoAge epigenetic analysis are preliminarily reported. Chronologic age had no relationship to overall survival, length of stay, or emergency department utilization.Conclusions:The OEP was effective in improving quality of life, and geriatric tools predicted survival and hospital utilization among older adults with hematologic malignancies.
NCCN Guidelines® Insights: Older Adult Oncology, Version 1.2021
Authors: Dotan Efrat , Walter Louise C. , Browner Ilene S. , Clifton Katherine , Cohen Harvey Jay , Extermann Martine , Gross Cary , Gupta Sumati , Hollis Genevieve , Hubbard Joleen , Jagsi Reshma , Keating Nancy L. , Kessler Elizabeth , Koll Thuy , Korc-Grodzicki Beatriz , McKoy June M. , Misra Sumi , Moon Dominic , O’Connor Tracey , Owusu Cynthia , Rosko Ashley , Russell Marcia , Sedrak Mina , Siddiqui Fareeha , Stella Amy , Stirewalt Derek L. , Subbiah Ishwaria M. , Tew William P. , Williams Grant R. , Hollinger Liz , George Giby V. , Sundar Hema
Published: September 2021

The NCCN Guidelines for Older Adult Oncology address specific issues related to the management of cancer in older adults, including screening and comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA), assessing the risks and benefits of treatment, preventing or decreasing complications from therapy, and managing patients deemed to be at high risk for treatment-related toxicity. CGA is a multidisciplinary, in-depth evaluation that assesses the objective health of the older adult while evaluating multiple domains, which may affect cancer prognosis and treatment choices. These NCCN Guidelines Insights focus on recent updates to the NCCN Guidelines providing specific practical framework for the use of CGA when evaluating older adults with cancer.
NCCN Policy Summit: Innovative Solutions to Drive Down Healthcare Costs: Implications for Access to High-Quality Cancer Care
Authors: Johnson Terrell , McMurry-Heath Michelle , Okon Ted , Rubin David , Carlson Robert W.
Published: September 2021

The cost of delivering high-quality healthcare in America now consumes 17.7% of the nation’s gross domestic product according to Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services National Health Expenditure Data. With costs threatening to disrupt accessible and equitable care for patients, policymakers are reassessing all matters and functions of the healthcare system to excise waste, redundancies, and costly services. To explore this subjects’ impact on oncology, NCCN hosted the NCCN Policy Summit: Innovative Solutions to Drive Down Healthcare Costs: Implications for Access to High Quality Cancer Care. This virtual summit featured multidisciplinary panel discussions and keynote addresses. Seeking to address barriers to low-cost, high-quality cancer care, panelists and keynotes presented innovative policy solutions to sustain high-quality oncologic care at lower costs to the health system. This article encapsulates the discussions held during the summit and expounds upon salient points where appropriate.
Optimal transmit volume conditions for mission critical voice quality of experience measurement systems
Authors: Greene Chelsea , Frey Jesse , Magrogan William , O'Malley Cara , Pieper Jaden
Published: September 2021

Selecting transmit volume levels using a transmit volume optimization (TVO) process is the first calibration step in performing quality of experience (QoE) measurements developed by the Mission Critical Voice portfolio of the Public Safety Communications Research (PSCR) Division. As noted in prior publications, audio volume levels have an impact on output consistency while performing mission critical voice (MCV) QoE measurements with push-to-talk (PTT) communications devices. These measurements must be consistent, repeatable, and comparable. The goal of this project is to ensure that MCV measurements are consistent and repeatable; it specifically focuses on transmit volume levels and their impact on the system under test (SUT). To achieve this, a measurement that characterizes audio distortion levels, specifically caused by overdriven speech into a transmit device, was developed. This measurement is performed across a series of transmit volume levels. The results are then used to present the system user with optimal levels to ensure MCV measurements contain a minimal amount of uncertainty caused by distortion within a range of stable volume levels. This paper will discuss the development of this specific distortion measurement and the methods designed to find optimal transmit volume levels.
Hypothèses de financement de la mise en place d’un revenu de base au Canada
Authors: Provencher Ysabel , Godbout Luc
Published: September 2021

Ces dernières années, diverses initiatives associées à des dispositifs et formes variées de revenu de base se déploient un peu partout, y compris au Québec et au Canada, et témoignent de la prise en compte de ce nouveau dispositif comme hypothèse de travail en regard du renouvellement des régimes de protection sociale. Le présent article vise à examiner les résultats de quelques études récentes centrées sur l’estimation des coûts d’un dispositif de revenu minimum garanti au Canada ainsi que les enjeux que sous-tendent les paramètres pris en compte dans ces études, en regard des politiques fiscales québécoise et canadienne.
Insertion professionnelle des jeunes adultes et prise en charge psychiatrique
Authors: Hieu Truong Alexis , Larose-Hébert Katharine
Published: September 2021

Au Québec, un nombre considérable de jeunes se trouvent en situation de précarité, notamment en matière d’insertion en emploi. Les personnes psychiatrisées forment un segment particulier de cette population, plus vulnérable aux aléas de la transition à la vie adulte. Certes, il existe différents programmes et services qui leur sont destinés pour les préparer et les soutenir lors de leur entrée sur le marché du travail. Nous discutons comment, pour les jeunes adultes psychiatrisé.e.s, l’accès à ces programmes et services est contraint, et comment la trajectoire de soin associée à la psychiatrisation vient parfois bousculer les autres trajectoires sociales et professionnelles de leur parcours.
Le territoire comme levier d’intervention sociale auprès des jeunes Innus à Uashat mak Mani-utenam1
Authors: Guay Christiane , Ellington Lisa
Published: September 2021

Les politiques assimilatrices envers les peuples autochtones au Canada ont profondément bouleversé leur mode de vie et entraîné un ensemble de ruptures, dont celle des liens familiaux qui sont intimement liés à la vie sur le territoire. Les jeunes sont particulièrement affectés par ces ruptures et fréquemment ciblés dans les programmes qui valorisent la langue, les savoirs traditionnels et la spiritualité. Dans ce contexte, les séjours sur le territoire et leur potentiel de guérison sont de plus en plus étudiés. Malheureusement, ils demeurent peu connus, voire dévalorisés dans la pratique du travail social. Cet article présente les résultats d’une étude portant sur de tels séjours réalisés sur le territoire traditionnel des Innus d’Uashat mak Mani-utenam, auprès de jeunes Innus. Il démontre en quoi le territoire est un levier d’intervention sociale légitime qui mériterait d’être davantage mobilisé.
O CORPO QUE HABITO: DESAFIOS DE GESTANTES TRANSEXUAIS NO ACESSO DIGNO À SAÚDE
Authors: Rôla Quize Cristina Silva , Oliveira Bárbara Raíssa de
Published: September 2021

O presente texto tem o propósito de refletir o que a doutrina discute sobre o acesso à saúde de gestantes transexuais. Com este fim, foi realizada uma busca em base de dados de saúde e jurídica. Para a análise dos dados obtidos na revisão de literatura, foi utilizado o método descritivo, retratando as características do objeto de estudo e possíveis respostas ao problema.
RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA SOBRE VIOLÊNCIA OBSTÉTRICA EM UMA RODA DE CONVERSA
Authors: Santos Aline Passos , Quadros Carla de
Published: September 2021

A Lei 11.340/2006, conhecida como Lei Maria da Penha cria mecanismos para coibir e prevenir a violência doméstica e familiar contra a mulher, com respaldo de organismos internacionais ,tendo em vista ,o descaso que a violência doméstica sempre foi tratada no Brasil. Desse modo, o presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar a experiência de uma roda de conversa sobre violência obstétrica que ocorreu na Semana Acadêmica da Faculdade de Ciências e Empreendedorismo, realizada em novembro de 2019, no Município de Santo Antônio de Jesus-BA. Abordou-se algumas questões pontuais sobre a violência contra a mulher, numa tentativa de aliar a teoria com a prática, de modo a repensar a aplicabilidade da Lei Maria da Penha para os casos de violência obstétrica. Trata-se de uma metodologia observacional a partir de uma roda de conversa. Enquanto, resultados, percebeu-se que as rodas de conversas possibilitam achados científicos, além de contribuir com o empoderamento feminino e partilhamento de experiências e (re)significação de comportamentos. A falta de informação aliada ao medo, vergonha de denunciar ou até mesmo a romantização do parto, contribui  para  o silenciamento de muitas mulheres vítimas da violência obstétrica. Por fim, entende-se pela possibilidade de aplicação da Lei Maria da Penha aos casos de violência obstétrica.
Palestra - DIREITO, PORVIR E PÓS-MODERNIDADE
Authors: Cerqueira Nelson
Published: September 2021

Palestra proferida na II Semana de Altos Estudos da UFBA
DIREITO À VIDA E ABORTO: UMA ANÁLISE PELA DEMOCRATIZAÇÃO EFETIVA DOS DIREITOS DA MULHER BRASILEIRA
Authors: Mattos Fernanda Caroline Alves de , Bernardi Renato
Published: September 2021

A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo desenvolver uma relação entre a descriminalização do aborto e a efetivação da democracia, na medida de sua existência como ferramenta de proteção dos direitos femininos. Para isso, foram abordados os direitos da personalidade, em especial o direito à vida da mulher como forma de perceber a necessidade de sua proteção. Em seguida, buscou-se compreender a construção social sobre uma maternidade compulsória a qual fundamenta a violação à vida e à autonomia femininas e, após, perceber que o não reconhecimento das diferentes necessidades dos grupos, nesse caso o grupo “mulher”, em cada vivência é forma de violar a democracia. De forma que, o reconhecimento das necessidades subjetivas é fundamento para descriminalização como meio para mulheres exercerem seus direitos numa realidade verdadeiramente democrática. Para tanto, foi utilizado o método dedutivo de abordagem com suporte nos métodos bibliográfico e documental de procedimento.
DA INTERSEXUALIDADE E DA ABORDAGEM MÉDICA ATUAL À LUZ DOS DIREITOS DA PERSONALIDADE
Authors: Santos Jamille Bernardes da Silveira Oliveira dos , Silva Galdino Cardin Valeria
Published: September 2021

A intersexualidade é um fenômeno de ordem biológica caracterizado por sujeitos que possuem corpos com caracteres físicos relacionados tanto ao sexo feminino como masculino. Existem diversas nuances de corpos intersexos, no entanto, esta pesquisa se concentrará nos casos em que há a presença da genitália ambígua, uma vez que, diante dessas situações, a abordagem médica sugere que a pessoa deverá ser submetida à uma cirurgia de correção do órgão sexual. Ocorre que, na maioria dos casos, o genital ambíguo é diagnosticado logo após o nascimento e, portanto, caberá à equipe médica e aos genitores decidir sobre a realização intervenção cirúrgica. A opção por esse tipo de procedimento médico é alvo de várias críticas e, por meio de pesquisa teórica, o presente artigo tem por objetivo expor quais os direitos da personalidade que são atingidos por esse tipo de conduta medica.
DIVISÃO SEXUAL TRABALHO, TRABALHO REPRODUTIVO E AS ASSIMETRIAS DE GÊNERO NA PANDEMIA DA COVID-19
Authors: Guimarães Sandra Suely Moreira Lurine , Daou Saada Zouhair
Published: September 2021

RESUMO: O objetivo desse estudo é analisar, à luz de uma perspectiva feminista, como o trabalho reprodutivo tornou mais evidente a desigualdade de gênero, no contexto do distanciamento social exigido pela pandemia da COVID-19. Desta feita, utilizou-se de método dedutivo, recorrendo à pesquisa bibliográfica e às informações fornecidas por institutos de pesquisa e por matérias veiculadas relativas à pandemia.  Nesse contexto, é imprescindível compreender os efeitos da sobrecarga de trabalho sobre as mulheres e conclui-se que a pandemia pode ser uma oportunidade séria de reflexão sobre a necessidade de profundas alterações nas estruturas sociais, que historicamente engendram e legitimam as desigualdades de gênero que afetam sobremaneira a vida das mulheres racializadas, como ficou claro no contexto pandêmico. O estudo também chama atenção para a modalidade de trabalho denominada home office, que foi adotada excepcionalmente por algumas mulheres, em razão da necessidade do isolamento, mas corre o sério risco de ser utilizado em larga escala pós-pandemia. Essa possibilidade é objeto de preocupação, posto que pode aprofundar a destruição de empregos formais e a precarização de direitos trabalhistas, além de já estar colocando as mães e mulheres responsáveis pelo trabalho reprodutivo em situação de maior vulnerabilidade.
IMPACTS OF BLACK FEMINISM ON THE PROMOTION AND PROTECTION OF BLACK WOMEN'S RIGHTS
Authors: Franchini Rafaelle , Cazelatto Caio Eduardo Costa , Cardin Valéria Silva Galdino
Published: September 2021

This article analyzed, through bibliographic review, the social movement of feminism as an instrument of protection and promotion of black women's rights. To this end, the historical development of the feminist movement was investigated, with a focus on European countries and the United States of America, as well as the legal developments and achievements obtained by Brazilian black women from the Carta das Mulheres aos Constituintes or Letter of Women to the Constituents. It explored the fundamental rights that were claimed and achieved by the feminist movement for black women. Thus, it was found that the trajectory of black women is strongly marked by the reflexes that slavery and social marginalization have historically brought to this vulnerable segment, as it was also observed that the social movement of black feminism ended up not effectively representing the claims of black women, who, for the most part, are still related to the consequences of the period of slavery, such as low or no education, underemployment, victims of violence against women, among others.
APRESENTAÇÃO
Authors: Cunha Leandro Reinaldo da
Published: September 2021

Apresentação
Gender and Waithood
Authors: Smith‐Hefner Nancy J. , Inhorn Marcia C.
Published: December 2024

As originally defined by political scientist Diane Singerman, “waithood” refers to the situation of youth, particularly young men, in parts of the global South who are unable to achieve the transition to full adulthood due to economic precarity and subsequent barriers to marriage. As a result, they remain in a liminal space where they are considered neither children nor adults. Increasingly, however, the marital delays associated with waithood may involve a significant measure of social and individual choice, especially in societies where women are entering higher education in record numbers and looking for equal partners in marriage and childbearing. Four major aspects of waithood must thus be considered: involuntary versus voluntary waithood; youth agency amid waithood; gendered aspects of waithood; and waithood's effects on reproduction, including the global rise in fertility preservation through egg freezing.