bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The attitude of dental students to the impact of simulation training on the quality of practical skills formation
Authors: Chechina Irina , Dmitriyenko N. Yu. , Zejbert A. Yu. , Gurevich Yu. Yu.
Published: April 2022

Practical skills of working in the specialty of a dentist before applying them in real practice should be acquired in simulation centers equipped with phantoms and simulators, as well as programs that allow you to simulate clinical situations, including emergency conditions and team training. An anonymous survey of senior students of the Institute of Dentistry of ASMU showed that simulation training increases interest in the educational process and facilitates the transition to clinical practice.
Racism, Policy and Politics
Authors: Murji Karim
Published: April 2022

This book analyses and bridges the gap between critical social research on race and politics by reviewing the academic field of race theorising and scholarship, covering changes in race and racism debates in recent decades, and assessing the extent, scope, and limits of academic engagements with, and impact on, policy and politics.
Healthcare in Transition
Authors: Cribb Alan
Published: April 2022

This book explores the fundamental currents and tensions that lie behind recent trends in health policy such as shared decision-making, co-production, and personalisation.
Parenting the Crisis
Authors: Jensen Tracey
Published: April 2022

This book examines how pathologising ideas of failing, chaotic and dysfunctional families create a powerful consensus that Britain is in the grip of a ‘parent crisis’ and are used to justify increasingly punitive state policies.
UTICAJ APLIKACIJE NIACINA NA VREDNOST NJEGOVIH VITAMERA U KRVI KRAVA U RANOJ LAKTACIJI
Authors:   University ", Hristovska Talija ,   St. Kliment Ohridski",   Bitola, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Petrović Kosta , Cincović Marko , Belić Branislava , Došenović Marinković Maja , Đoković Radojica , Petrović Miloš , Kovačević Dražen
Published: April 2022

Vitamin niacin is of great importance for energy metabolism. Physiological niacin is incorporated into the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP). The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of NAD and NADP in the blood of cows during the application of niacin in the peripartum period. The value of these vitamins depends on the peripartum week, regardless of the constant exogenous source of niacin.
MOGUĆNOSTI I RIZICI PRIMENE INVAZIVNIH DRVENASTIH VRSTA U OBNOVI VEGETACIJE NA DEGRADIRANIM STANIŠTIMA
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Sciences, Grbović Filip , Gajić Gordana , Branković Snežana , Simić Zoran , Ćirić Andrija , Mišić Danijela , Topuzović Marina
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study is to use a comparative analysis of the ecology of invasive species Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, Amoprha fruticosa L. and Robinia pseudoacacia L. to assess the possibilities and risks of their application in the soil and vegetation restoration in different anthropogenically modified habitats. The results of the comparative study indicate that selected tree species can have a positive effect on biogeochemical cycles and the initiation of pedogenesis. However, when using A. altissima and A. fruticosa in soil and vegetation restoration projects there is a potentially higher risk than benefit, due to the high allelopathic effects on other species in the habitat, compared to R. pseudoacacia.
POTENCIJAL BIOAKUMULACIJE I TRANSLOKACIJE Pb i Cr U BILJNIM VRSTAMA KOJE RASTU NA JALOVIŠTU
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Sciences, Đelić Gorica , Simić Zoran , Stanković Milan , Branković Snežana , Jakšić Tatjana , Vasić Predrag , Pavlović Milica , Popadić Anđelka
Published: April 2022

The paper presents the results of research on the bioaccumulation and translocation of Pb and Cr by the species Leucanthemum vulgare Lam., Melilotus officinalis L., Onobrichis viciifolia Scop. sampled from the tailings of Kosovska Mitrovica. The highest amount of Pb is contained in the inflorescence (93.46 mg kg- 1) of type L. vulgare and the largest amounts of Cr were found in the herb O. viciifolia. Due to the ability to absorb large amounts of Pb and Cr type O. viciifolia and L. vulgare from contaminated terrain, should not be used as a medicine or fodder. On the basis of the content of Pb and Cr, the examined organs in species O. viciifolia can be arranged in a series: herba>root>inflorescence, in species L. vulgare in a row: inflorescence>herba>root and in the species M. officinalis root>herba>inflorescence. All tested species act as excluders of the pollutant.
ESSENTIAL OILS AS POTENTIAL BIOCONTROL PRODUCTS AGAINST PLANT PATHOGENS AND WEEDS: IN VITRO CULTURE APPROACH
Authors:   Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade,, Uzelac Branka , Stojičić Dragana , Budimir Snežana , Tošić Svetlana , Zlatković Bojan , Blagojević Saša , Manić Branislav , Janjanin Mirjana , Slavkovska Violeta
Published: April 2022

Secondary metabolism in plant plays a major role in the survival of the plant in its ecosystem, mediating the interaction of the plant with its environment. Plant bioactive compounds are biosynthesized as a defensive strategy of plants in response to natural perturbations. A number of biological effects have been associated with the main monoterpenoids detected in investigated Micromeria spp. and Clinopodium spp. essential oils. One alternative for the production of these prospective biocontrol products is in vitro plant tissue culture. Our data suggest that the metabolic potential of in vitro shoot cultures of selected species can be manipulated by varying in vitro culture conditions.
HIDROHEMIJSKA OCENA KVALITETA VODE ZA NAVODNJAVANJE U BANATU, SRBIJA
Authors:   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Serbia, Vranešević Milica , Bezdan Atila , Blagojević Boško , Šekularac Gordana , Savić Radovan , Aksić Miroljub
Published: April 2022

In this paper, the potential impact of the waters of the Banat watercourses of Zlatica, Brzava and Kikindski kanal as potential sources for irrigation is assessed on the basis of monthly water samples from the measuring stations of Markovićevo, Vrbica and Novo Miloševo, for the vegetation period from the year 2007 to 2019. The aim of the research is to get hydrochemical assesment of irrigation water quality from the basic chemical aspect in order to examine the possibility of using these watercourses for irrigation purposes. Most of the samples according to different quality parameters belong to the class of water that is of suitable quality, which indicates the fact that the examined watercourses are good as sources for irrigation.
INFICIRANJE HIDROBIONATA SA POTENCIJALNO PATOGENIM MIKROORGANIZMIMA
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy Čačak, Đukić Dragutin , Mandić Leka , Stojanova Monika , Đurović Vesna , Trifunović Bojana
Published: April 2022

The results of isolation and identification (API test-systems) of the cultures of Enterobacteria and “non-fermentating” microorganisms from water, zooplankton (protozoa, cyclopes, daphnias), chironomids larvae of natural and anthropogenic water reservo- irs are produced. Spectrum of potentially pathogenic bacteria in water and in the hydrobionts was rather wide (16 genera) and of similar composition. Microflora of chironomids proved to be less heterogenous than that of zooplankton. The most frequently observed microbes were found to belong to Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, as well as to Actinomyces and Candida. Both aquatic and overground ecosystems can be a habitat of microorganisms that are potentially pathogenic to man and animals.
Inverted papilloma in a dog – a case report
Authors: Weizenmann Thyara Caroline , Cunha Olicies da , Fukushima Fabíola Bono , Viott Aline de Marco , Steffens Rafael
Published: April 2022

Canine cutaneous viral papillomas are caused by papillomavirus. Papillomatosis is considered to be a low-frequency disease in dogs and is characterized by the presence of single or multiple lesions in the oral cavity, subcutaneous tissue, or ocular region. The oral and facial exophytic forms are the most common presentations in dogs, although cutaneous inverted papillomas are rare. The latter occur in the ventral abdomen and groin of dogs under three years of age, and are typically high with a central pore. Because inverted papillomas do not regress spontaneously, the treatment of choice is surgical removal. This article aims to report a case of cutaneous inverted papilloma associated with facial and oral papillomas in a mongrel dog helped at a School Veterinary Hospital.
Evaluation of clinical and radiographic findings in dogs with thoracolumbar spinal fractures and luxations
Authors: Araújo Bruno Martins , Baraúna Junior Durval , Bonelli Marilia de Albuquerque , Amorim Marcela Maria de Almeida , Tudury Eduardo Alberto
Published: April 2022

The aim of this work is to evaluate the clinical and radiographic findings in 38 dogs with thoracolumbar vertebral fractures and luxations. Regarding the degree of spinal stability, 33 animals had unstable fractures and five had stable fractures. Radiographic examination scored 100 diagnostic sensitivity. However, a significant portion of animals with trans-surgical vertebral lesions were not diagnosed on conventional radiographs. There was a statistically significant difference in terms of the degree of vertebral displacement, neurological dysfunction and response to therapy, when comparing 0-25% with 76-100% vertebral displacement. Radiographic examination was sufficient to diagnose vertebral fractures and luxations, but did not allow visualization of all bone changes.
Subcutaneous transmissible venereal tumor – case report
Authors: Moreira Thaís de Almeida , Modesto Talita Cristina , Corrêa Ana Carla da Silva , Maria Luciano Francisco de , Souza Rafael Rocha de , Bandarra Marcio de Barros
Published: April 2022

Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is a specific cancer of the canine species that usually affects the genital region. Metastases occur by hematogenous or lymphatic routes. The extragenital form is rare and the cutaneous form is reported to be a warty proliferative lesion of ulcerated and friable surface, which usually presents itself concomitantly to the genital form of the disease. We hereby report a case of subcutaneous TVT in a mixed-breed neutered female, in order to contribute clinical and cytopathological data, as well as prognosis, due to unusual presentation of this neoplasm. The formation was disseminated as multiple nodule located on the inner face of the hind limbs. Diagnosis was achieved by cytological examination, which revealed the presence of round cells with predominantly eccentric nuclei, loose chromatin and large and intensely vacuolated cytoplasm, features of plasmacytoid TVT. Four courses of chemotherapy with vincristine sulfate were conducted, yielding complete remission of the tumor. The subcutaneous appearance of TVT is unusual, especially when no genital lesions that might suggest metastasis are found.
Cryosurgery as treatment for chemoresistent TVT in a dog – case report
Authors: Huppes Rafael Ricardo , Kovacs Thaís Akelli Sanchez , Mattosinho Rodrigo de Oliveira , Marcusso Paulo Fernandes , Guedes Emanuel Onofre de Souza , Pazzini Josiane M. , Sprada Arícia Gomes , Souza Fernando Wiecheteck de , Paolozzi Rodrigo Jesus
Published: April 2022

A seven-year-old 26 kg male dog presenting preputial serosanguineous discharge and a cauliflower-like mass on the penile bulb region was attended at a veterinary school hospital. The mass was hemorrhagic and friable. Cytopathological examination disclosed a plasmacytoid transmissible venereal tumor. Antineoplastic chemotherapy was initiated, associating piroxicam (0.3 mm/kg at 48 hour intervals) and vincristine sulfate (0.75 mg/m2 each seven days). Since no tumor regression was observed after eight chemotherapy cycles, doxorubicin was implemented as a new therapeutic protocol (30 mg/m2 each 21 days). No improvement was observed. Thus, three cycles of cryosurgery were attempted, using a Cry-Ac equipment with closed-circuit tip. Total remission of the tumor was observed 21 days post-surgery.
Estrus diagnosis and timing of artificial insemination in a Brazilian Mastiff bitch – case report
Authors: Murgas Luis David Solis , Gadelha Paola Mota , Chacon Weslei Souza , Costa Danielle Maria Sanches , Sato Karoline , Bergmann Luana Janetizk , Leite Gina Rezende , Ferreira Bruna Conceição
Published: April 2022

Artificial insemination is a technique employed in dogs mainly when natural mating is not possible due to anatomical, behavioral or health problems. This article describes an intravaginal insemination performed in a two-year-old Brazilian Mastiff bitch. Vaginal cytology was the diagnostic method of choice for determining the stage of the estrous cycle: more than 80% of the cells were cornified epithelial cells, a feature of the estrus phase. Semen from a male Brazilian Mastiff was collected manually and inseminated fresh immediately after collection and also 48 hours later. Pregnancy was confirmed by ultrasound examination and radiography 56 days after first insemination. At least nine live fetuses were found; viability was proven by the presence of heartbeat.
Occipital dysplasia in dogs – literature review
Authors: Oliveira Erika Juliana Gomes de , Bonelli Marília de Albuquerque , Silva Ieverton Cleiton Correia da , Nunes Júnior Floriano Pereira , Fernandes Thaiza Helena Tavares , Tudury Eduardo Alberto , Costa Fabiano Séllos
Published: April 2022

The foramen magnum is normally rounded or oval in shape and has a similar diameter to the vertebral foramen of the atlas. Occipital dysplasia is observed is small breed and brachycephalic dogs, and is characterized by a dorsal widening of the foramen magnum caused by an incomplete ossification of the supraoccipital bone. There are divergent opinions in the literature regarding the clinical relevance of occipital dysplasia in dogs, and doubts remain as to whether this presentation is only an anatomical variation or an actual disease. The objective of this paper is to clarify aspects related to occipital dysplasia by means of a literature review on this subject, focusing on the anatomy of the atlanto-occipital junction, as well as the clinical and diagnostic aspects of occipital dysplasia in dogs.
Hip dysplasia in dogs – review
Authors: Ferrante Bruno , Souto Cinthia Keiko , Pinto Ana Carolina B. de C. F.
Published: April 2022

Hip dysplasia is an orthopedic disease that leads to incongruity and degenerative joint disease. It is more frequent in large and giant dogs. It has high morbidity and causes lameness, pain and reduced activity. In the worst cases, the patient loses mobility. It is a multifactorial polygenic disease, resulting from genetic and environmental factors. Joint laxity is the most searched feature for early diagnosis of hip dysplasia, and radiography is the most used diagnostic method. CT images are used to reach better diagnosis and disease control. There are conservative and surgical treatments described for controlling the disease in affected animals. This article highlights the importance of the different imaging modalities for the selection of breeders and for disease control in the most affected breeds.
Mitigation Practices of Local Water Districts (LWDs) in the Philippines during Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors:   Professor V, Sorsogon State College School of Graduate Studies, Sorsogon City, Philippines, A. Gilbas Sherill
Published: April 2022

This paper discussed the mitigation practices and challenges faced by Local Water Districts (LWDs) during the Covid-19 pandemic in terms of collection, consumption, water resource, human resource and accessibility of its services to continue promoting better service. The researchers applied phenomenological approach and utilized qualitative data gathering through digital forms and follow up interviews to the representative participants from the local water districts in the Philippines. This study is a joint effort in relation to the academe’s function in terms of research to the industry. Its framework was anchored on the theory of change, vital to program success where managers can be better assured that their programs deliver the right activities toward the desired outcomes. Findings revealed that the LWDs have faced varied challenges where they fit their innovative practices. The use of technology is considered both a great help and challenge, depending on the category level of the water district. The researchers concluded that the LWDs focused on the welfare of their concessionaires, employees and upgraded their facilities, regardless of their financial capabilities. It was recommended that the management need to adapt technology, provide further innovative practices, and continue with information dissemination to the concessionaires.
The Impact Of Crowd Psychology On Stock Market Cycle Case Of Vietnam Stock Market
Authors:   Department of Economics and Law - University of Finance and Marketing - Ho Chi Minh City - Vietnam, Yen Xuan Phan Ngoc
Published: April 2022

The stock market plays an increasingly important role in the economy, it is a place to raise capital for businesses, increase liquidity and provide many profit-seeking opportunities for individual investors. However, investing in the stock market is not easy, most investors are influenced by the crowd psychology, they have similar actions when influenced by the crowd, this creates cycles of the stock market. The article studies the influence of crowd psychology on Vietnamese investors by surveying 120 individual investors and analyzing investor psychology in phases of the Vietnamese stock market cycle. The results show that the majority of Vietnamese investors decide to choose stocks chosen by many other investors and they easily react when the crowd reacts. The Vietnamese stock market also goes through the same psychological cycles as the stock markets in other countries. Currently, the Vietnamese stock market is expected to be in a period of thrill or euphoria. Investors should be cautious and carefully consider their investment decisions so as not to fall into a state of panic and sell-off.
Study of the Biochemical Method for Wastewater Purification from Textile Productions from Dyes and Suspended Substances
Authors:   Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry (PhD), Bukhara State Medical Institute., Amonova Matluba Mukhtarovna
Published: April 2022

Wastewater treatment in textile production is a multi-stage process that requires correct step-by-step processing, since textile auxiliary substances can be toxic. In this regard, this article discusses the combined, i.e. sorption-coagulation-flocculation treatment of waste water from textile production. The use of a combined cleaning method contributes to a more complete removal of surfactants, inorganic and organic substances, dyes, suspended solids and various salts. The effective conditions for the sorption of the dye from an aqueous solution selected by the sorbent have been determined. It was found that the effective mass of the sorbent is within 0.2; 0.3; 0.4; 0.5; 0.6 g per 100 ml of solution. It was found that an increase in mass significantly increases the purification of the solution from the dye, and leads to a decrease in the optical density at the points corresponding to 0.4 and 0.6 g. It has been determined that the initial values of the main indicators of wastewater entering the deep purification at a bubbling adsorption unit correspond to the values of the indicators of these flows passing through a system consisting of kaolin-bentonite-aluminum sulfate-ferric chloride. Since the main indicators of pollution are the intensity of coloring and surfactants for wastewater from textile and silk-winding factories, studies on the effect of the size of adsorbent particles and speed on the adsorption process were primarily carried out for these indicators. At the same time, it was determined that the maximum (up to 97%) wastewater treatment from surfactants and dyes by a chemical method when using the composition K-5 and K-6 is achieved with a particle size of sorbents of 0.5-0.6 nm.
Innovative way to break the stone: Master lithoclast for bilateral simultaneous Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
Authors: Waqar Ahmed  , Adeel Mahesar  , Javed Altaf Jat  , Imran Idrees  , Kashifuddin Qayoom  , Pooran Mal  , Tariq Sana
Published: April 2022

The objective of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of Master Lithoclast, also known as trilogy lithoclast, in simultaneous bilateral Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL). The study was a prospective case series, involving 40 patients undergoing bilateral simultaneous PCNL, with 20 (50%) males and 20 (50%) females. The mean age of subjects was 32.9 ± 7.9 years. In Guy’s stone scoring 7(17.5%) patients classified in Group I, 28 (70%) in group II and the remaining 5(12.5%) patients were placed in group III. Total operative time observed was 74.8 ± 17.9 minutes. Complete stone clearance was observed in 30 (75%) patients. In conclusion, study data confirmed that Master Lithoclast provides faster stone clearance and is unaffected by the composition of stones, ease of usability, and improved tissue safety with reduced chances of fragments blocking are key factors.
Keywords: Master lithoclast, Simultaneous bilateral PCNL, Trilogy lithoclast, Renal stone.
Outcomes of preterm neonates with patent ductus arteriosus: a retrospective review from a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Khowaja Waqar , Akhtar Saleem , Jiwani Uswa , Mohsin Muhammad , Shaheen Fariha , Ariff Shabina
Published: April 2022

The management of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm neonates remains controversial. A retrospective review was conducted to determine the outcomes in preterm neonates with PDA. Data of neonates admitted to the Aga Khan University Hospital from January 2012 to December 2016 were retrieved from patient records. Of the 208 neonates included in the study, 143 (68.7%) received no treatment, while 65 (31.2%) underwent pharmacotherapy and/or surgical ligation for PDA closure. PDA closure was spontaneous in 109 (52.4%) neonates. The mean ±SD gestational age (GA) of neonates with spontaneous ductal closure was greater as compared to those who required some form of treatment [33±3.3 vs 29.7±3.1weeks, p=0.001]. Apnoea (OR:4.47; 95% CI:1.21-16.44), sepsis (OR:3.81; 95% CI:1.33-10.87), pulmonary haemorrhage (OR:4.88; 95% CI:1.24-19.19), and lower APGAR (OR:0.69; 95% CI:0.54-0.90) were associated with higher odds of mortality in our cohort. Our findings demonstrate that PDA resolves spontaneously in most preterm neonates and provide evidence that conservative treatment is not associated with mortality.
Keywords: Conservative treatment; ligation; mortality; patent ductus arteriosus; premature.
Body composition profiling and obesity analysis of healthy adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zara Khalid  , Muhammad Naveed Babur  , Furqan Ahmed Siddiqi  , Sana Khalid  , Muhammad Ali Arshad Tareen  , Naureen Tassadaq
Published: April 2022

Obesity as depicted by changes in the body composition is considered a global epidemic of the 21st century, predisposing to cardiometabolic diseases. This analytical cross-sectional study evaluated body composition parameters in both genders and conducted an obesity analysis of healthy adult Pakistani population. Using non-probability purposive sampling technique, data was collected from 205 healthy adults (aged 18-45 years), who had not been participating in any structured exercise or dietary regime over the last six months. Body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analyser. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U-test and one-sample T-test were applied. The mean body mass index was 24.3±4.93 kg/m2. Body composition components which were significantly higher in males included soft lean mass, fat-free mass index, skeletal muscle mass index and bone mineral content, whereas females had significantly higher percentage of body fat (PBF), visceral fat area and fat mass index (p<0.05).
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Radiology: A new hope to help differentiate between types of dementia
Authors: Muneeba Amin  , Alviya Shafique  , Muhammad Yusuf Hafiz
Published: April 2022

Lewy body dementia (LBD) is one of the disabling conditions commonly seen in elderly population, characterized by parkinsonian-like features, visual hallucinations, fluctuating levels of cognition, and Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder. As per recent statistics, low-middle income countries account for 58% of the world's population aging with dementia. By 2050, the population aging with dementia is expected to rise to 68%. Worldwide, developing countries bear 60% of the burden of patients with dementia. Approximately, Pakistan has 150,000–200,000 dementia patients.(1) True prevalence of LBD remains unknown owing to less diagnosed cases, however one meta-analysis has quoted the prevalence of around 7.5% in clinical population.(2)  Another study has quoted around 4.2%.(3) The variation in the studied prevalence could be explained by the face that despite presence of clinical biomarkers,(4) and a validated diagnostic tool,(5) DLB remains undiagnosed in majority of the cases.
For several years, it was hypothesized that combining single-photon emission computed tomography with an intravenous radioactive compound, [123I] FP-CIT, could assist in differentiating Lewy body dementia from Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia. Several dopamine-producing neurons are found in abundance in striatum and [123I] FP-CIT binds to dopamine transporters located on their membrane. Since these neurons are reduced in quantity in dementia with Lewy bodies (just as they are in Parkinson’s disease), but not in Alzheimer’s disease, this pattern of distribution would then aid in quantitatively distinguishing DLB from AD in an accurate way.
Neuroimaging techniques such as FP-CIT-SPECT and [123I] MIBG can be useful in adding diagnostic accuracy. However these techniques are not very accurate in diagnosing dementias on spectrum(6)  LBD poses unique challenges due to being complex multi-symptom disorder that affects quality of life and increased caregiver burden. The difficulties arise not only due to this disabling disease but lack of knowledge, awareness and subsequently proper management(7)  When diagnosis is made in due time, it enables planning for the future and improves quality of care. In the context of such limitations to treatment, we propose that the use of such investigations and more research to be done in this area as that could help bridge the gap between our currently available diagnostic options and the increasing burden of dementia in Pakistan.
Overcoming barriers to cervical cancer screening in a developing country like Pakistan
Authors: Zafar Ramsha , Asma Burney
Published: April 2022

Cervical cancer is the second most prevalent cancer in Pakistani women of the reproductive age group (15-44 years), while in women of all ages, it ranks as the third most common. It is estimated that around 20 women are found to have cervical cancer per day, ranking Pakistan in the top 10 countries with the highest cancer-related mortality rates. [1] In 2020 alone, cervical cancer took the lives of 341, 831 women, 90% of whom belonged to developing countries including Pakistan. In the same year, it affected 604, 127 women, from which only 12% were from regions like the North America and Europe, while the remaining belonged to the developing world. [2] This startling disparity can be attributed to the introduction of pap smears in the developing world, like the United States and the United Kingdom, which saw >70% decline in cervical cancer mortality since screening through Pap smears was initiated in these countries. [3].
In Pakistan, several studies have shown that women of the reproductive age group lack basic awareness regarding cervical cancer and screening via Pap smears. A survey   on 873 women between 18-28 years found 70.1% of the participants were completely unaware of cancer. [4] A more extensive study consisting of 1070 women between ages 21-30 years found that only 2.2% of their study's population was able to identify the symptoms and risk factors for cervical cancer, while Pap smear was recognized as a screening test by only 2.5% of the same. The Pap smear uptake in this population was 2%. [5].
This lack of knowledge regarding screening can be credited to several factors such as the low educational status of developing countries, little information communicated by the healthcare workers, and the insufficient knowledge of preventive measures amongst them. Other screening barriers include misconceptions about testing guidelines, the socioeconomic status of low-income families, lack of access to testing facilities, personal reluctance due to embarrassment, and family trends of not getting tested due to cultural taboos. [5].
It is crucial to overcome the aforementioned obstacles in order to ensure early screening and treatment of precancerous lesions in women.
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Stuttering related and psychosocial predictors of impact of stuttering
Authors: Humaira Naz  , Rukhsana Kausar
Published: April 2022

Objective: To investigate the psychosocial factors having an impact on persons with a stuttering problem.
Methods: The correlation study was conducted from October 2016 to February 2018 at hospitals, speech clinics and educational institutes of Lahore. The sample was comprised of young adults aged 16-30 years of either gender with development stuttering problem. Data was collected using Stuttering Severity Instrument-4, Social Interaction Anxiety Scale-Urdu, Big Five Measure-20, Overall Assessment of the Speaker’s Experience of Stuttering and the Urdu version of the shortened form of the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced inventory.  Data was analysed using SPSS 23.
Results: Of the 78 subjects, 66(84.6 %) were males and 12 (15.4 %) were females. There were 21(27%) subjects aged 16-19 years and 57(73%) with age range of 20 - 30 years. The overall mean age was 21.96 ± 3.89 years. Mean age of onset was 4.59 ± 1.29 years, while gradual onset and progressive stuttering was reported by 74(94.9 %). The Bilingual users 49(63%) reported to have frequent stuttering. Among the 43(55.1%) who had received treatment, 30 (38%) received speech therapy and 26 (33.3%) reported dissatisfaction. Stuttering severity and social anxiety were significantly positively correlated with all domains of impact of stuttering (p<0.05). Age, and duration were negatively correlated with day-to-day communication (p<0.05) and previous speech treatment showed negative association with impact on general knowledge about stuttering (p<0.05). Avoidance coping strategy had a significant relationship with all domains of impact (p<0.05).
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TEACHERS’ CONTENT KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE AS PREDICTORS OF STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN SELECTED SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN IBADAN METROPOLIS
Authors: NWENE ENU , OLANIYI AWOLERE
Published: April 2022

Purpose: In spite of the fact that English language is very important in the society the performance of the students in the recent time in English language examination is not encouraging. Several factors have been mentioned as being responsible to students' inability to perform very well, such as teaching strategies and students’ attitude. This study therefore examined teachers’ content knowledge and attitude as predictors of students' achievement in English language in Ibadan Metropolis

Methodology: Descriptive research design was adopted using forty-four (44) teachers and One thousand seven hundred and sixteen (1716) senior secondary two students selected through random sampling technique. Three research instruments were used to generate data namely: Teachers' attitude to English language teaching questionnaire, Teachers subject mastery scale and English language achievement test. The data collected were analysed using multiple regressive at 0.05 level of significance.

Results: Findings indicated that there is a significant positive relationship between teachers' subject mastery and students' achievement (r=0.614; p<0.05). Also, there is significant positive correlation between Teachers attitude and students" achievement in English language (0.284; p<0.05). There is a composite relationship between the two independent variables and the dependent variable (academic achievement) (R =0.732). The independent variables accounted for 53.6% of the total variance in the students' academic achievement (Adjusted R2 =0.536) and this composite contribution is significant (F(2,1714) = 28.921; p>0.05. Subject mastery had significant relative contribution to achievement (β = 0.037; t=3.105, p<0.05) and teachers attitude also had significant relative contribution to achievement (β=0.102; t=4.087; p>0.05).

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: It was recommended, therefore that teachers should have a good content knowledge to improve students' performance in English language and the government should make sure that teachers employed to teach at various levels of learning most possess the necessary content knowledge.
PENERAPAN METODE PENEMUAN DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SEBAGAI UPAYA PENINGKATAN PEMAHAMAN SISWA TERHADAP KONSEP MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS VIII di MTs N 4 KOTA JAMBI
Authors: Ermailis Ermailis
Published: April 2022

Penelitian yang berjudul “Penerapan Metode Penemuan dalam Pembelajaran sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Pemahaman Siswa Terhadap Konsep Matematika”, merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan di kelas VIII MTs N 4 Kota Jambi tahun ajaran 2018/2019. Model penelitian tindakan kelas yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah model guru sebagai peneliti, dimana model ini memiliki ciri utama yang sangat menonjol dan penting yaitu sangat berperannya guru itu sendiri dalam proses penelitian tindakan kelas. Dalam pelaksanaan penelitian ini, peneliti dibantu oleh beberapa guru sebagai observer untuk melihat aktivitas siswa, sekaligus melihat peningkatan pemahaman siswa terhadap konsep matematika dalam pelajaran matematika dengan menggunakan metode penemuan.

Penelitian yang berjudul “Penerapan Metode Penemuan dalam Pembelajaran sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Pemahaman Siswa Terhadap Konsep Matematika”, merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan di kelas VIII MTs N 4 Kota Jambi tahun ajaran 2018/2019. Model penelitian tindakan kelas yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah model guru sebagai peneliti, dimana model ini memiliki ciri utama yang sangat menonjol dan penting yaitu sangat berperannya guru itu sendiri dalam proses penelitian tindakan kelas. Dalam pelaksanaan penelitian ini, peneliti dibantu oleh beberapa guru sebagai observer untuk melihat aktivitas siswa, sekaligus melihat peningkatan pemahaman siswa terhadap konsep matematika dalam pelajaran matematika dengan menggunakan metode penemuan.

Pembelajaran matematika dengan metode penemuan ini dilakukan secara berkelompok. Dari penelitian yang telah dilaksanakan dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran matematika dengan metode penemuan dapat meningkatkan pemahaman konsep matematika siswa. Hal ini terlihat dari hasil tes formatif, ketuntasan belajar siswa, daya serap klasikal dan pencapaian nilai rata-rata dari setiap siklus mengalami peningkatan. Berdasarkan lembar observasi, diketahui bahwa aktivitas siswa dalam pembelajaran meningkat. Pada umumnya siswa memberikan respon positif terhadap pembelajaran matematika dengan metode penemuan, hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil angket dan jurnal harian siswa.
PENDEKATAN IRFANI DALAM MENUMBUHKAN SIKAP INKLUSIVISME BERAGAMA dan BERKEHIDUPAN SOSIAL (Sebuah Jalan Menuju Harmonisasi Bermasyarakat di Indonesia)
Authors: Dalimunthe Irwan Saleh
Published: April 2022

Islam bukanlah ajaran agama yang statis, akan tetapi ajaran yang dapat berkembang dengan kemampuan akal pikiran setiap muslim untuk menempatkannya sebagai rahmat bukan sebagai penghambat kemajuan dan dinamika sosial. Islam selalu dinamis dengan dokma yang mampu merangkum serta memberi solusi dalam setiap historitas manusia tanpa kehilangan identitas. Islam akan dapat memberi solusi disetiap problema dan benturan hidup manusia. Tentu dengan sarat jangan ada orang atau ilmuan yang ngotot paling benar dan memiliki pandangan bahwa mereka yang memiliki perbedaan adalah sesat. Manusia hanya mampu berargumentasi dan mesti arif menarik sintesis mempedomani yang paling muktabar. Inilah sesungguhnya watak muslim sejati, dan ini yang diharapkan oleh banyak ilmuan yang berjiwa demokratis. Beda pemahaman adalah sebuah khazanah yang memperkaya makna agama itu sendiri yang selalu ditelaah tanpa henti, sepanjang manusia itu punya keperdulian. Tulisan ini menguraikan tentang peluang Epistemologi Irfani yakni pemanfaatan hati-nurani dalam membentuk sikap inklusivisme untuk mewujudkan kedamaian dan keakaraban berdampingan baik sesama muslim secara internal maupun antar masyarakat dengan wajah pluralitasnya khususnya di Indonesia.
Sejarah, Pendidikan Multikultural di Jepang
Authors: Rahman Rahman , Sipuan Sipuan , Aly Hery Noer , Zulkarnain Zulkarnain
Published: April 2022

Masyarakat Jepang diketahui dengan ciri- ciri sebagai berikut: Kemauan yang kuat untuk mempelajari hal-hal baru dan menitu hal-hal yang dapat mengembangkan kebudayaan Jepang. Mengagumi ide – ide asing dengan cermat memilih hal-hal yang dapat diterima sesuai dengan kondisi Jepang. Menghargai kecakapan dan prestasi seseorang lebih tinggi daripada latar belakang atau keturunan. Ciri – ciri tersebut di atas membuat Negara Jepang untuk dapat bergerak lebih cepat dalam pengembangan pendidikan. Setiap warga memiliki kewajiban untuk mengembangkan daya intelektual dan moral mereka, melaksanakan hukum dan mempersembahkan keberaniannya deminegara untuk melindungi dan menjaga kesejahteraan istana kaisar.

Setiap warga memiliki kesempatan yang sama menerima pendidikan menurut kemampuan mereka, bebas dari diskriminasi atas dasar ras, jenis kelamin, status sosial, posisi ekonomi, asal usul keluarga, bantuan finansial, bagi yang memerlukan, kebebasan akademik, dan tanggung jawab untuk membangun negara dan masyarakat yang damai. Perbedaan yang lain adalah mengenai tujuan pendidikan. Tujuan pendidikan adalah untuk meningkatkan kesetiaan dan ketaatan bagi Kaisar agar dapat memperoleh persatuan masyarakat di bawah ayah yang sama, yakni Kaisar. Adapun tujuan pendidikan menurut adalah untuk meningkatkan perkembangan kepribadian secara utuh, menghargai nilai-nilai individu, dan menanamkan jiwa yang bebas.
Moderasi Beragama Ummat Hindu di Kampung Bali Kecamatan Nibung Kabupaten Muratara Sumatera Selatan
Authors: Sumarto Sumarto , Kholilah Harahap Emmi
Published: April 2022

Moderasi Beragama tidak hanya untuk agama Islam, tetapi semua agama harus melakukan moderasi beragama, karena pesan – pesan dalam moderasi beragama bersifat umum dan bisa dijalankan semua agama. Ada beberapa indicator dalam moderasi beragama sesuai dengan Buku Moderasi Beragama yang diterbitkan oleh Kementerian Agama RI diantaranya adalah komitmen kebangsaan, bersikap toleransi, anti terhadap kekerasan dan ramah terhadap budaya dan relegi local, seperti halnya yang diterapkan masyarakat ummat hindu di Kampung Bali Kecamatan Nibung, Muratara, Sumatera Selatan. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan penelitia adalah kualitatif deskriptif yaitu menggambarkan setiap kegiatan moderasi beragama yang dilakukan masyarakat Hindu seperti kegiatan keagamaan upacara Ngaben, Upaca Melasti dan kegiatan keagamaan lainnya. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Teknik keabsahan data menggunakan Triangulasi Data. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah masyarakat Hindu di Kampung Bali Kecamatan Nibung menerapkan indicator – indicator moderasi beragama seperti komitmen kebangsaan dan bersikap toleran dengan ummat Islam dan ummat Kristen yang ada disana, walaupu masyarakat Hindu menjadi dominan, tetap saling menghormati dan menghargai setiap kegiatan keagamaan yang dilaksanakan ummat Islam dan ummat Kristen.
PENERAPAN MANAJEMEN TRILOGI PENDIDIKAN DALAM PENDIDIKAN ANAK DI SDN 01 DESA EMBACANG
Authors: Murniyanto Murniyanto
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini berlatar belakang dari guru yang dinilai sangat penting dalam perkembangan anak dan dunia pendidikan. Segala hal yang dilakukan guru adalah contoh bagi anak-anak oleh sebab itulah guru dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran perlu dengan lebih efektif seperti menggunakan konsep trilogy Ki Hadjar Dewantara, dimana di konsep ini memuat tiga hal yaitu : Ing Ngarsa Sung Tulada, Ing Madya Mangun Karsa dan Tut Wuri Handayani.

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penerapan manajemen trilogi pendidikan Ki Hadjar dewantara di kelas III serta kendala-kendala dalam penerapan tersebut di SDN 1 Desa Embacang. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan yang dimana menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif, metode penelian ini purposive sampling. Hasil dari penelitian Penerapannya seperti guru memberikan contoh sikap sopan santun serta perilaku baik dilingkungan sekolah dan di luar sekolah. Hanya saja kendala penerapan ini dikarenakan kurangnya timbal balik dari anak. Kendala Pertama masalah ekonomi keluarga,kedua pengaruh teman sebaya,ketiga kurang perhatian orang tua
Upper Paleocene to lower Eocene microfacies, biostratigraphy, and paleoenvironmental reconstruction in the northern Farafra Oasis, Western Desert (Egypt)
Authors: Farouk Sherif , Khalifa Mohamed A. , El-Hassan Mohamed M. Abu , Papazzoni Cesare A. , Frontalini Fabrizio , Coccioni Rodolfo , Zaky Amr S.
Published: April 2022

Three Paleocene-Eocene (P-E) stratigraphic transect sections namely, from the north to south, Ain Maqfi, Farafra-Ain Dalla road, and El-Quess Abu Said in the northern Farafra Oasis,Western Desert (Egypt) are described and interpreted based upon field observations, microfacies analysis, chronostratigraphy and foraminiferal paleobathymetry, to detect the effect of the Syrian Arc Fold System (SAFS) on the lateral and vertical facies changes, various stratigraphic breaks and to reconstruct the depositional paleoenvironments. Lithostratigraphically, the P-E successions are composed of the upper part of the Dakhla Formation, Tarawan Chalk and Esna Shale Formation. Vertical and lateral facies changes are noted between tectonic paleo-highs and paleo-lows in the Farafra Oasis. Eight microfacies types are recognized. The larger benthic and planktonic foraminiferal zones are here used to correlate the shallow and deeper facies. Two larger benthic (SBZ4 and SBZ6), six planktonic foraminiferal (P4â€“E4) and one calcareous nannofossil (NP9b) biozones are identified. The recorded basal Eocene Dababiya Quarry Member (DQM) within the Esna Shale Formation in the central Farafra Oasis is represented by units 4 and 5 of the DQMat its GSSPwith a neritic facies types. Towards the northern part of the Farafra Oasis, the P-E interval occurs within the base of the Maqfi Limestone Member that contains the larger benthic foraminiferal SBZ6 Zone and is correlated with the DQM.Amajor sea-level fall near the upper part of P5 Zone, followed by a prominent sea-level risewith a minor hiatus across the P-E interval in the Farafra Oasis reflects the complex interplay between sea level changes and tectonic signatures. Two inferred paleoenvironments, namely inner neritic and mid-outer neritic shelf have been identified.
New data on some type species of Maastrichtian - Paleocene Dasycladales (Green algae) from Iran, Part 2 Hamulusella Elliott in Deloffre and Granier 1992
Authors: Schlagintweit Felix , Rashidi Koorosh , Yarahmadzahi Hamed , Habibimood Sharam , Amirshahkarmi Mahnaz , Ahmadi Hossain , Mirjalili Mahbobeh
Published: April 2022

Hamulusella sedalanensis represents the type species of the genus Hamulusella Elliott described from the Paleocene of Iraq (type locality) and Iran. Well preserved material from the Paleocene of Iran (East Iran, and Zagros Zone, SWIran), allows a better characterisation of the algal thallus including its ranges of biometric parameters. The thallus of H. sedalanensis consists of superimposed articles each composed of two verticils. This leads to characteristic biverticilate articles after disintegration. This thallus organization challenges the taxonomic status of the Lower Cretaceous H. durandelgai (Fourcade and Jaffrezo), and H. liburnica (Radoicic). The latter is transferred to the genus Aloisalthella Granier due to the alternation of fertile and sterile whorls thus excluding its belonging either to Clypeina Michelin or Hamulusella Elliott. The occurrence of larger benthic foraminifera (LBF) allows the dating of the Iranian specimens to the Selandianâ€“Thanetian. The occurrence of H. sedalanensis in Eocene strata has so far not reliably been evidenced. Among the associated LBF, taxonomic notes on Azzarolina daviesi (Henson) are provided.
The coccolithophore family Calciosoleniaceae with report of a new species: Calciosolenia subtropicus from the southern Indian Ocean
Authors: Patil Shramik , Mohan Rahul , Jafar Syed A. , Gazi Sahina , Choudhari Pallavi , Crosta Xavier
Published: April 2022

The families Calciosoleniaceae, Syracosphaeraceae and Rhabdosphaeraceae belong to the order Syracosphaerales and constitute a significant component of extant coccolithophore species, sharing similar ultrastructural bauplans. The literature on Calciosoleniaceae is reviewed and combined light- and scanning electron microscope studies of four extant species including Calciosolenia subtropicus sp. nov. described herein, reveal the unique interpretative V/R structure of the Calciosoleniaceae. Calciosolenia subtropicus sp. nov. is primarily distinguished from previously well documented extant species, Calciosolenia murrayi, Calciosolenia brasiliensis and Calciosolenia corsellii, by the consistent presence of prominent clockwise imbricated wedge shaped R-elements at the inner margin and in distal view of both ordinary and apical scapholiths, distinctly tapering in size towards the major axis of the scapholiths, as observed under the scanning electron microscope. Prompted by the contrasting birefringence displayed by the rim, central area, apical and ordinary coccoliths under crossed-polarized illumination in earlier publications, the Energy Dispersive Spectrometry of Calciosolenia subtropicus sp. nov. reveals the presence of (a) calcite + high silica in the ordinary coccoliths showing dark appearance and (b) high calcite + negligible silica in the apical coccoliths showing bright appearance; besides the c-axis orientation of calcite, the different elemental composition of coccoliths seems to control birefringence. Molecular genetic studies are necessary to provide insight on the relationship between the Calciosoleniaceae and other coccolithophore families including reasons for its successful invasion in contrasting ecological regimes.
Ostracods from the Bagh Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of the Narmada Basin, India: Their age and paleobiogeographical significance
Authors: Chaudhary Maya , Nagori Madan Lal
Published: April 2022

Forty-seven ostracod species from the Upper Cretaceous Bagh Formation of Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat, India are described. Ten species are new: Ovocytheridea baghensis, Amicytheridea bilthanaensis, Paijenborchella jeerabadensis, Cytheropteron ratitalaiensis, Cytheropteron hanumanpuraensis, Eocytheropteron bilthanaensis, Curfsina coarctata, Curfsina hanumanpuraensis, Nigeroloxoconcha baghensis and Nigeroloxoconcha diluta. Thirty species are assigned to previously described species, six are left under open nomenclature and one is indeterminate. Ten previously described taxa from the Bagh Formation are revised and brought up to date. The age and paleobiogeography of the ostracods are discussed.
The lectotype of Ammonia beccarii (Linnaeus 1758) from Jacopo Bartolomeo Beccari's original samples
Authors: Vaiani Stefano Claudio , Vai Gian Battista , Borsetti Anna Maria
Published: April 2022

he lectotype of Ammonia beccarii (Linnaeus 1758) has been selected and described from Jacopo Bartolomeo Beccari's original samples in order to clarify the taxonomic status of this species.