bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Essential Oil Composition of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) at Various Plantation Ages and Growth Stages in the Mediterranean Region
Authors: Barut Muzaffer , Tansı Leyla Sezen , Karaman Sengul
Published: May 2022

demand for its essential oil continues to grow on a global scale. The fact remains that harvesting at the right time of growth is critical to maximizing the rate of active ingredients found in the plant. Thus, in the current study, L. angustifolia plants were collected at various growth stages (pre-flowering, mid-flowering, and post-flowering) from Adana, Turkey in order to determine the most suitable harvest time for the highest amount of essential oils and its important compounds. The highest flower essential oil content (7.50 mL 100 g-1) was obtained at mid-flowering of the third year of plantation. The major compounds for L. angustifolia were linalyl acetate (25.63-31.63%), linalool (16.33-24.79%), nerol (8.83-13.43%), beta-farnesene (3.67-5.70%), β-cis-ocimene (1.76-8.14%), respectively. The obtained data have been inquired by principal components analysis (PCA), allowing differentiation of plantation ages and growth stages. Compared to the plantation ages, essential oil content and linalool content increased significantly in the third year of cultivation. As a result, the most suitable harvest time may be considered as mid-flowering in terms of essential oil content and in terms of high linalyl acetate and linalool content.
Free Radical Scavenging, Reducing Power and Lipid Peroxidation Inhibition Activities of M. communis Berries Methanol Extract and its Fractions
Authors: Benchikh Fatima , Benabdallah Hassiba , Amira Hind , Mamache Walid , Amira Smain
Published: May 2022

Free radicals or highly reactive oxygen species are capable of inducing oxidative damage to the human body Plants containing phenolic compounds have potent antioxidant capacity. The present study was undertaken to investigate the in vitro antioxidant activities of Myrtus communis L. (Myrtaceae), a plant widely used as natural remedy for digestive disorders in folk medicine. Total polyphenol contents were determined using Folin Ciocalteu's reagent; flavonoids were quantified employing the AlCl3 Method. EAE extract showed the highest polyphenolic and flavonoids contents (358.37±2.28 GAE/g of dry extract and 105.44±3.48 QE/g of dry extract) respectively. The EAE had the highest antioxidant activity as measured by DPPH radical and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. EAE and ME extracts exhibited the highest reducing power. EAE possess an IC50 close to BHT (0.074 mg/ml) as reference drug All extracts exhibited antioxidant activity in the linoleic acid emulsion system (76.81% -86.93 %). EAE showed an inhibition ratio of (86.93 %) close to that of BHT (94.9±1.52 %). These findings provide evidence that Myrtus communis L. berries are a potential source of antioxidant which have many benefits towards human health.
Isolation, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Endophytic Fungi from Marrubium vulgare L.
Authors: Benslama Abderrahim , Nouiri Warda
Published: May 2022

The aim of this work is the isolation, identification and evaluation of the antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi from the Algerian medicinal plant Marrubium vulgare L. The isolation of endophytic fungi is carried out by the method of sterilization of surface to eliminate epiphytes then incubation of the fragments treated according to a precise protocol. The identification of the grown isolates allowed us to obtain three fungal strains belonging to three genera: Fusarium, Alternaria and Chaetomium, which are generally of the Deuteromycete phylum. The antibacterial capacity of the fungi was tested against five human pathogenic bacteruim using the agar-fungi disk diffusion method. With an inhibition zone (IZ) spanning from 7.5 to 25 mm, all isolated fungal strains showed antibacterial activity against at least one of the bacteria tested.. However, Fusarium sp has the highest antibacterial activity with an IZ of 19 and 24 mm against S. aureus and B. subtilis, respectively. Finally, our results clearly confirm that the medicinal plant M. vulgare L. presents a reservoir of endophytic fungi, which can be used in various fields, especially pharmaceutical fields.
Do Rural Farmers Save? Evidence from Toro, Bauchi State, Nigeria
Authors: Mailumo Sunday Sambo , Ibrahim Bilyaminu Adam
Published: May 2022

The study attempted to examine the question whether rural farmers save their income. Rural farmers in Toro Local Government of Bauchi State, Nigeria were used as a case study. The factors that influence saving and investment were also determined. Out of the three districts in the LGA, two villages were purposively selected from each district and twenty farmers were randomly selected to bring the number of villages to six and total number of farmers to one hundred and twenty. This constituted the sample size; they were administered the questionnaires from where data for the study was generated. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. The result indicated that contrary to traditional theory of saving where the poor are deemed incapable of saving, the rural farmers do indeed save from their little income. They need to be encouraged in this regard. The regression result showed that age, educational level, farm income, membership of cooperative societies, farming experience and access to credit were significant factors that influence saving. The result also revealed that inadequate income and too many children to carter for were major constraints to saving. To promote saving culture in the area, the capacity of the farmers to save should be enhanced by enabling them adopt birth control, providing them opportunities to work all year round and provision of simple preservation technologies.
Overview of Agrochemicals Application Practices on Tomato Farm by Smallholders at Koka, Meki and Ziway, Ethiopia
Authors: Haile Dereje , Tesfaye Bizuayehu , Assefa Fassil
Published: May 2022

Promoting the agricultural sector with up-to-date technologies and inputs is convenient to enhance productivity. Production intervention is needed by introducing and adopting proper agronomic practices. Improved agricultural technologies increase production, quality, sustain food security, economic development and natural resource conservation. Koka, Meki and Ziway are known for their vegetable production as well as intensive agrochemicals consumption. Agrochemicals are applied on farm to enhance soil fertility, reduce pathogens, and induce plant growth. Tomato is one of the main commercial cash crops in these areas. Most commercially productive tomato varieties are highly sensitive to disease, vulnerable to nutrient deficiency, and other abiotic stress that requires rigorous agrochemical inputs. Ethiopian tomato production is very low due to various contributing factors including lack of improved varieties, diseases, pests, poor farming system, soil fertility maintenance as well as poor irrigation system. Farmers in the study areas applied inaccurate agrochemicals dose, rate, and application schedule that foster repeated spray. Intense agrochemical application leads to adverse environmental and health impacts due to deposit of toxic chemicals, residue leakage to water bodies and air pollution. It is important to practice proper agricultural inputs, reduce hazardous chemical residues, protect humans, other beneficial organisms and the environment. Moreover, developing IPM technology is recommended for better healthy agricultural production and sustainability.
Associations of Some Milking Traits with Milk Production in Anatolian Buffaloes: A Case of Bafra District of Samsun Province
Authors: Yurdalan Sinan , Atasever Savaş
Published: May 2022

This study was conducted to determine the associations of some milking traits and milk yield in water buffalo farms located in Bafra district of Samsun province. In total, 37 Anatolian Buffalo farms enrolled to Buffalo Breeders Association (BBA) were evaluated by applying face to face survey on the current milking practices and farm characteristics in February 2020. Number of milking cows (NM), number of workers (NW), age of the milker (AM), experience of the milker (EM), education of the farm owner (EO) and hygiene score of the milking parlor (HM) were evaluated as the farm traits affecting daily milk yield (dMY). Milking type (MT), milking frequency (MF), udder cleaning pre-milking (UC1), udder cleaning post-milking (UC2), giving feed after milking (GF) and milking duration (MD) were selected as the milking practices affecting dMY. It was concluded that dMY was significantly affected by AM, EM, EO and MD.
The Solution of Multicollinearity Problem via Biased Regression Analysis in Southern Anatolian Red Cattle
Authors: Hızlı Hatice
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of biased estimation methods, principal component regression (PC) and ridge regression (RR) methods, according to unbiased the least squares (LS) method, against the multiple linearity problem (multicollinearity) encountered in regression methods. For this purpose to fit a model on account to predict body weight from some body measurements of 32 South Anatolian Red Kilis (SAR) cattle of different ages. R2, RMSE, MSE, and CV were used as the goodness of fit criteria for the performance of the models. According to these criteria respectively, 0.9970, 0.0224, 0.0005, 0.0099 for LS; 0.9970, 0.0224, 0.0005, 0.0099 for PC; and 0.9876, 0.0455, 0.0021, 0.0201 of k=0.02 for RR gave the best fit values. According to these results, LR and PC showed the best fit. But RR and PC techniques from biased prediction techniques provided more consistent, valid, stable, and theoretical expectations than LS technique, since LR did not provide the necessary assumptions.
Long COVID: A proposed hypothesis-driven model of viral persistence for the pathophysiology of the syndrome
Authors: Buonsenso Danilo , Piazza Michele , Boner Attilio L. , Bellanti Joseph A.
Published: May 2022

Background: Long COVID (coronavirus disease 2019) syndrome includes a group of patients who, after infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), exhibit lingering mild-to-moderate symptoms and develop medical complications that can have lasting
health problems. In this report, we propose a model for the pathophysiology of the long COVID presentation based on increased proinflammatory cytokine production that results from the persistence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus or one of its molecular components. Associated with this hyperproduction
of inflammatory cytokines is a heightened activity of nuclear factor κ B (NF-κB) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways that regulate cytokine production. Objective: The purpose of the present report was to review the causes of long COVID
syndrome and suggest ways that can provide a basis for a better understanding of the clinical symptomatology for the of improved diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for the condition. Methods: Extensive research was conducted in medical literature data bases by applying
terms such as “long COVID” associated with “persistence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus” “spike protein' “COVID-19” and “biologic therapies.” Results and Conclusions: In this model of the long COVID syndrome, the persistence
of SARS-CoV-2 is hypothesized to trigger a dysregulated immune system with subsequent heightened release of proinflammatory cytokines that lead to chronic low-grade inflammation and multiorgan symptomatology. The condition seems to have a genetic basis, which predisposes individuals to have
a diminished immunologic capacity to completely clear the virus, with residual parts of the virus persisting. This persistence of virus and resultant hyperproduction of proinflammatory cytokines are proposed to form the basis of the syndrome.
Psychiatric comorbidity and quality of life in patients with drug hypersensitivity
Authors: Beyaz Sengul , Ersoy Yagmur , Bicki Ela , Ak Tumay , Taparli Onur Erk , Bulut Ismet , Gurgen Erdogan , Ozseker Zeynep Ferhan
Published: May 2022

Background:Compared with advances in a drug hypersensitivity diagnosis and management, little is known about the mental health status of patients with drug hypersensitivity and the impact of this psychological distress on their quality of life (QoL).Objective:The objectives were to evaluate anxiety, depression, and QoL levels in patients with drug hypersensitivity, assess how some related factors may affect them, and determine the impact of disease on their QoL.Methods:A total of 203 patients with drug hypersensitivity and 80 healthy controls were evaluated with the Beck Anxiety (BAI) and the Depression Inventory (BDI), and the short version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) scale.Results:The mean ± standard deviation (SD) BAI scores of the patients and the controls were 13.46 ± 11.78 and 1.94 ± 1.93, respectively (p < 0.0001). The mean ± SD BDI scores were higher in the patient group (9.23 ± 6.36) than in the control group (2.18 ± 2.02) (p < 0.0001). The patients had significantly increased risk of anxiety versus the controls (48.8% versus 7.5%) (odds ratio [OR] 11.74 [95% confidence {CI}, 4.88‐28.20]; p < 0.0001) and depression versus the controls (31.5% versus 6.2%) (OR 6.90 [95% CI, 2.66‐17.90]; p = 0.0001). The comparison of patients' BAI and BDI scores showed that those with more severe reactions had higher scores than those with moderate and mild reactions. A negative correlation was found among all WHOQOL-BREF scale domain scores and the BAI and BDI scores.Conclusion:Anxiety and depressive symptoms have a high prevalence in patients with confirmed drug hypersensitivity, which leads to a notable decrease in QoL. Self-administered psychological questionnaires were shown to be useful in the psychological examination and management of patients with drug hypersensitivity. Therefore, we found that psychological support is critical to reducing the negative outcomes of hypersensitivity reactions in patients.
Real world use of peanut component testing among children in the Chicago metropolitan area
Authors: Lang Abigail , Balmert Lauren C. , Weiss Mitchell , Pongracic Jacqueline A. , Singh Anne Marie
Published: May 2022

Background:Peanut component tests (PCT) have become important in the evaluation of peanut allergy. There remains a paucity of research across the United States in investigating the utility of PCT in clinical practice in conjunction with current standards of care.Objective:The primary aims were to evaluate the performance and sensitization patterns of PCT in clinical practice when first available at our institution.Methods:We performed a retrospective chart review of 184 children with PCT and oral food challenge (OFC) results between 2012 and 2017. Simple logistic regression models assessed the associations between PCT and OFC outcomes. Receiver operator characteristic curves were constructed, and a predicted probability curve was derived for Ara h2.Results:The median (interquartile range [IQR]) age at OFC was 4 years (2‐7 years), and 111 patients (60%) were boys. Ara h 2 was the most commonly sensitized PCT. Sixty-one patients (33%) reacted at OFC. Ara h 2 specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) ≥ 0.35 kUA/L was associated with increased odds of reacting at OFC (odds ratio 5.91 95% confidence interval, 2.93‐11.89;p< 0.001); however, 19 patients (37%) positive for Ara h 2 did not react. Ara h 2 sIgE of 0.49 kUA/L and 4.58 kUA/L were associated with 50% and 90% probability, respectively, of reacting at OFC. Among those sensitized only to Ara h 8 or 9 (n= 21), 86% had no reaction. There was no statistically significant association with polysensitization to Ara h 1, 2, and 3, and peanut OFC outcome.Conclusion:Although the Ara h 2 sIgE value was associated with clinical reactivity, a significant proportion of the patients sensitized to Ara h 2 tolerated peanut. OFC remains an important tool in the evaluation of peanut allergy.
Interdependencia ecológica y minera en los municipios santandereanos de Vetas y California durante el año 2011
Authors: Acevedo Tarazona Álvaro , Correa Lugos Andrés David , Mejía Jerez Yuly Andrea
Published: May 2022

La conservación de los páramos como reservas hídricas para el futuro frente a la extracción de oro como forma histórica de subsistencia es la disyuntiva que se evidencia en los habitantes de Vetas y California en el departamento de Santander (Colombia). El propósito de este artículo es analizar la interdependencia minera de los habitantes de los mencionados municipios con el páramo de Santurbán y la ruptura de esta interrelación ante intereses transnacionales que, con propósitos de realizar minería industrial a cielo abierto, han suscitado conflictos socioambientales y deterioros ecológicos. Tras estos propósitos se manifiesta la inquietud de pobladores cercanos al páramo de Santurbán sobre los efectos en su biodiversidad y, particularmente, sobre el deterioro del agua que surte a las poblaciones cercanas. Esta problemática se agrava especialmente a partir del año 2011 cuando el conflicto socioambiental existente en el departamento de Santander trasciende a los medios de comunicación. El seguimiento y el análisis realizado a la prensa regional junto con el estudio de algunos conceptos dan la pauta metodológica para entender este conflicto que aún está a la espera de una delimitación geográfica por parte del Gobierno Nacional y de una solución económica a favor de los habitantes de esta región
Advances in the delivery of COVID-19 vaccines
Authors: Ita Kevin
Published: May 2022

Several systems are being developed and investigated for the delivery of COVID-19 vaccines. A crucial challenge is the ability to maintain vaccine efficacy through the use of an effective delivery system. Some of these vaccine delivery systems such as lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have been approved for the use by regulatory authorities in numerous countries. LNPs are currently used for the delivery of Moderna and Pfizer/BioNtech vaccines. LNPs consist of four constituents: Cholesterol for LNP stabilization, cationic lipids for the protection of messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules from nuclease degradation, and helper phospholipids that aid the formation and intracellular release of mRNA and PEGylated lipids that reduce nonspecific interactions. Researchers have also used virus-like particles (VLPs) for COVID-19 vaccine delivery. VLPs consist of several hollow viral proteins without the viral genome. VLPs are structurally identical to the native virus and can activate the human adaptive immune response. The nanosized VLPs self-assemblies have investigated as potential platforms for the delivery of COVID-19 vaccines. Liposomal vesicles are amphiphilic since the polar headgroups of phospholipids are oriented toward water molecules and the hydrophobic chains are in the internal area of the vesicles. The rationale behind the utilization of liposomes as vaccine delivery systems is their versatility and flexibility. Messenger RNA coding for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein can be entrapped into liposomes that are designed to remain stable in the bloodstream until their uptake by phagocytic cells. Other vaccine delivery approaches such as the use of microneedles and electroporation provide transdermal vaccine transport enable COVID-19 vaccines to cross the skin but not the cells of deep-lying tissues.
Otto Billeter oder wie die älteste [3,3]-sigmatrope Umlagerung nach Neuenburg kam: Teil 2
Authors: Hansen Hans-Jürgen
Published: May 2022

The historical survey of the uncatalyzed, thermal rearrangement of thiocyanates into isothiocyanates is continued, starting with a review of Otto Billeter's scientific and social career in Neuchâtel. A specific look is taken at 1925 where Ludwig Claisen, just 75 years ago, had
broken, in one of his last publications before he died at the very beginning of 1930, the prevailing dogma that, in rearrangements, bond breaking and making will always occur at the same atom, by unequivocal experimental proof that the thermal, uncatalyzed rearrangement of substituted allyl
phenyl ethers procedes with inversion of the C-atom alignment of the migrating allylic group. In this direction, Billeter tried to prove the same for the thermal rearrangement of substituted allyl thiocyanates into the corresponding mustard oils, but failed, as he wrote in his last publication
before he died in 1927. About 15 years later, Mumm and Richter were able to realize Billeter's ideas. An eye is cast on some synthetic applications of the allylic thiocyanate ? isothiocyanate rearrangement and, finally, the view is extended to modern high-temperature, gas-phase rearrangements
of propargyl thiocyanates and selenocyanates into the corresponding allenyl isochalkogenocyanates which are interesting starting materials for syntheses of thia- and selena-heterocycles.
The Effect of Solar Radiation on the Height of Radiosonding in the Arctic
Authors:   Central Aerological Observatory of Roshydromet, Balagurov A. M.
Published: May 2022

The measurement data of the radiosonding network are the basis for the analysis and forecast of weather, meteorological support of aviation and the armed forces, other forms of operational services to the population and the national economy. The Roshydromet radiosonding system does not fully meet the requirements for accuracy and the required amount of information received, especially in the Arctic region of Russia. In addition to the insufficient density of the aerological observation network in the Arctic, one of the main problems affecting the prognostic significance of a single release is the low height of the radiosonde level and, accordingly, the small volume of radiosonde data received, depending on the quality of the radiosonde balloons. Every year during the winter period in the Arctic there is a critical decrease in the radiosonding altitude associated with a decrease in temperature in the stratosphere. According to the results of the analysis of the radiosonding heights in the Arctic, the effect of increasing the height of the radiosonde in the daytime associated with heating of the radiosonde balloon by direct solar radiation was established. The difference of heights “day-night” reaches 18 km. The article considers the possibility of using the obtained results of research and testing of “winter” balloons in the Arctic to increase the volume of radiosonding data obtained.
Water Discharge Measurement by ADCP During Freeze-up Period
Authors:   State Hydrological Institute, Buzmakov S. V. , Iukhno A. V. ,   State Hydrological Institute, Zorina A. А. ,   State Hydrological Institute
Published: May 2022

As a part of the modernization of the national hydrological network, a large number of ADCPs were delivered to the stream-gaging stations of the Roshydromet and, as a rule, used only during the open channel period. At the same time, the measurement of water discharge during the freeze-up period has always been a laborious, technically complex task, and using ADCPs during this period can optimize the measurement procedure. The article presents the issues of the features of ADCPs using on the national hydrological network of Roshydromet, the existing instrument and methodological base for measuring water discharge under the ice cover with ADCP. Either, the results of comparative field measurements of water discharge and velocities on the Ob, Neva and Oredezh rivers were considered. These rivers cover a wide range of hydrodynamic conditions: the Ob is a typical large river, with an average flow velocity is about 0.30 m/s, and a maximum depth about 20 m; the Neva is a unique large river, with a high average flow velocity value is about 0.8 m/s and a maximum depth not exceeding 11 m; the Oredezh river is a typical small river with mean flow velocity about 0.2 m/s and depths of not more than 1.5 m. In the experiments, ADCP Teledyne RiverRay and SonTek M9 were used, and comparative measurements were performed by the mechanical current meter and electromagnetic flow velocity device “Poseidon-1”. On the basis of these experiments first conclusions were drawn about the features of the ADCP application during the freeze-up period. Thus, the authors found that it is most effective to use ADCPs on medium and large rivers - labor and time costs are significantly lower than using conventional methods for measuring water flow, and the measurement accuracy is comparable. At the same time, the article notes a number of significant weak points, most of which boil down to the thesis that the measurement of water discharges using ADCP under ice involves the use of a large number of technically complex and expensive equipment, and the failure of at least one element leads to the inability to complete the measurement. Special attention is paid to the main technical aspects of working with devices, as well as with specialized software. Therefore, it is always recommended to have a spare standard measuring instrument in extra. The main technical aspects of working with devices as well as with specialized software are also discussed in more detail in the body of the article.
Determination of the Equivalent Equilibrium Volumetric Activity of Radon in Residential Buildings (Оn Example of the Kachug Village, Irkutsk Region)
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Akhtimankina A. V. , Tayurskaya A. P. ,   Irkutsk State University
Published: May 2022

The aim of the work is to determine the equivalent equilibrium volumetric activity of radon (EEVA) in a number of residential buildings in the village of Kachug (Irkutsk region) in order to identify objects with violation of hygienic requirements. The survey of buildings was carried out taking into account the guidelines MU 2.6.1.037-2015 “Determination of the average annual values of EEVA of radon isotopes in indoor air based on the results of measurements of different durations” and using two measuring complexes: a SIRAD MR-106N radon detector-indicator and a com - complex CAMERA- 01. The study was carried out in 2 stages. At the first one, measurements were carried out using a detector- indicator, at the second, the results were refined taking into account the excesses identified earlier. As a result of surveys conducted in 10 residential buildings, radon EEVA values were registered at two sites that exceeded the regulatory requirements. Regarding the functional purpose, the highest values of radon concentrations are observed in bathrooms and bedrooms. However, the absolute maximum of radon EEVA is observed in the basement (11,950 Bq/m3). The results of the work are presented in the form of graphic material. In conclusion, recommendations are given that will make it possible to reduce radon concentrations until the true cause of the excess of radon EEVA is established.
The Water Regime of the Torey Lakes Under Anthropogenic Influence
Authors:   State Research Center for Space Hydrometeorology “Planeta”, Kashnitskaya M. A.
Published: May 2022

The Torey lakes, located in the Transbaikal Territory on the border with the Mongolian People's Republic, are a unique natural reservoir. They have an unstable hydrological regime due to climate change. The main inflow of the Torey Lakes is the transboundary Ul’dza River. A hydraulic structure is being built on the Mongolian part of this river, the activity of which can lead to significant changes in the water regime of the Torey lakes. Based on the proposed model of the water balance of the Torey lakes, the hydrological regime of these lakes for the period from 1965 to 2018 is characterized. Changes in the level of the Torey Lakes are analyzed, including taking into account the activity of a hydraulic structure. Changes in the hydrological regime of the Torey lakes are considered, taking into account the construction of this hydraulic structure in the form of a reduction in water inflow by 10 and 20%. Possible environmental consequences for the region of the Torey Lakes during the construction of a hydraulic structure on the river are considered.
Modeling of Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of the Neva River Runoff Under Conditions of External Influences on the Catchment
Authors:   Institute of Limnology RAS, Kondratyev S. A. , Shmakova M. V. ,   Institute of Limnology RAS
Published: May 2022

Two tasks related to the study of environmentally safe water supply in St. Petersburg have been solved. These are predictive estimates of possible changes in the runoff of the Neva River as a result of climate change and the possible consequences of an emergency at the Krasny Bor toxic wastes landfill. The tasks were solved using the methods of mathematical modeling. Scenarios RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5 are taken as the basis for predicting possible climate changes - the best and worst in terms of environmental impact. Runoff calculations using the specified climate scenarios showed an increase in runoff under the RCP 8.5 scenario and its decrease under the RCP 2.6 scenario. It has been established that the process of dilution of discharged pollutants from the Krasny Bor landfill as they transport towards the water intakes of St. Petersburg depends on the emergency scenario, hydrological conditions, and the choice of maximum permissible concentrations value for each chemical. The negative impact of the destruction of the embankment of pits with pollutants may be insignificant for municipal water intakes due to dilution processes in the hydrographic network of the catchment. At the same time, hypothetical catastrophic scenarios (terrorist attack, earthquake) in some cases can lead to serious problems with water quality in municipal water intakes.
Codependency, Self-Sacrifice, and Altruism in the View of Helping Behavior
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Shakhova I. S.
Published: May 2022

The article presents the results of the study that revealed the interconnection of codependency, self-sacrifice, and altruism. It showed that though these personality traits are close in the meaning when actualized in helping behavior, codependence is typical for an immature personality, while self-sacrifice and altruism for an integral and self-sufficient one. It has been experimentally proved that self-sacrifice and altruism are interconnected; altruism is an effective implementation of helping behavior, and self-sacrifice is ideational attitude reflected in readiness for such behavior. Codependency is not connected with self-sacrifice and altruism phenomena, having a different motivation and associated with violence experienced in childhood. Differentiating these phenomena helps to correct inef-fective helping behavior, as well as to develop an ability to actualize its productive and socially important aspects.
Chronic Influence of Cadmium Chloride on Rat Embryogenesis in Isolated and Combined with Zinc and Copper Sucсinates Intragastric Administration in the Experiment
Authors:   Dniprovsky State Medical University, Medical Biology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department. 9, Vernadsky St., Dnipro 49044, Ukraine, Shatorna V. F. , Krasnov O. O.
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the study was to determine the degree of embryotoxicity of cadmium chloride at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg in isolated intragastric administration and to search for possible bioantagonists among zinc and copper succinates in combination with cadmium chloride in a chronic experiment in pregnant female rats. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 64 pregnant female Wistar rats, which were distributed as follows: the first group – control; the second group – the isolated introduction of a solution of cadmium chloride at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg; the third group – the combined introduction of a solution of cadmium chloride at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg and zinc succinate at a dose of 5 mg/kg; the fourth group – the combined introduction of a solution of cadmium chloride at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg and copper succinate at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg. The possible negative effect of the studied substances on embryonic development was determined by the ability to increase the level of all types of embryonic mortality. Results and discussion. The calculation of the obtained results showed that the isolated chronic administration of cadmium chloride at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg has a pronounced embryotoxic effect on the number of embryos, total embryonic mortality, preimplantation and postimplantation embryonic mortality on the 13th and 19th day of embryogenesis in the experiment on rats. Cadmium and its compounds are one of the first eco-pollutants. The problem of embryotoxicity and fetotoxicity of microelements is of great practical importance, because a significant number of women work in industry and in hazardous production conditions and are often exposed to heavy metals, which is very dangerous for the fetus and offspring. Aspects of chronic influence on the course of embryogenesis of cadmium salts with microelements, which have bioanatagonistic properties in relation to the toxicity of heavy metals, have been little studied. Thus, an important area of morphological experimental research is the search for new possible bioantagonists of cadmium toxicity among trace elements that can affect dyslementosis, maintaining homeostasis, including during pregnancy. Conclusion. According to all criteria of embryotoxicity, isolated administration of cadmium has a pronounced embryotoxic effect, which is expressed in reducing the number of embryos in the manure and increasing all types of embryonic mortality. Combined administration of zinc or copper succinates with cadmium chloride has a modifying effect on the embryotoxicity of cadmium chloride in terms of basic embryotoxicity, and succinates themselves can be considered as potential bioantagonists of cadmium in chronic exposure in the experiment on rats
Analysis of Theoretical Fundamentals of the Organization of Adaptive Physical Recreation of Students in Domestic Institutions of Higher Education
Authors:   Kharkiv National University of Radio Electronics, Physical Education and Sports Department. 14, Nauky Ave., Kharkiv 61166, Ukraine, Grokhova G. P. , Olkhovyi O. M. ,   Petro Mohyla Black Sea National University. 10, 68 Desantnykiv St., Mykolaiv 54003, Ukraine, Chernozub A. A. ,   Petro Mohyla Black Sea National University. 10, 68 Desantnykiv St., Mykolaiv 54003, Ukraine
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the study was to describe the analysis of scientific literature on the problem of organization of adaptive physical recreation of students in Ukrainian institutions of higher education. Scientifically determined, that healthy persons need natural motor activity, and for persons with disabilities it is the opening of new opportunities for a positive change in their physical, biological and social status, these are: independence and self-confidence, expanding the circle of knowledge and communication, change in value orientations, enrichment of the spiritual world, improvement of motor abilities, increase in vitality, physical and mental health. One of the promising areas for meeting these social problems and avoiding the manifestation of negative consequences for this specified contingent is an adaptive physical recreation in the conditions of an institution of higher education, which allows: psychological relief, compensation for insufficient level of motor activity of students, improvement of their health, formation of motivational-value attitude, organization of meaningful leisure, empowerment of self-determination, self-improvement and implementation of equal rights and opportunities in order to increase the level of social integration. A real flaw in the system of physical education in Ukrainian universities is the actual absence of a clear legislative and normative regulation of the organization for adaptive physical recreation, as a component of adaptive physical education. Adaptive physical recreation, despite the wide range of available research materials, requiring high-quality processing and substantiation of the order of organization and scientific support of the functioning of the studied direction of physical education. Organization of health-improving and recreational activities of students in the system of adaptive physical education of higher education institutions involves observance of determined goals, objectives, methods, means, forms and procedures for organization of motor activity during student’s leisure. Conclusion. It is established that the organization of health and recreational activities of students in the system of adaptive physical education of higher education institutions is aimed at strengthening the health of students with disabilities, improving mental and physical performance and basic professional competencies of future professionals, forming a philosophy of healthy living influence on its components, which consists in the rational organization of free time, meeting the natural need for sufficient physical activity, enjoying meaningful leisure
Development of Special Endurance of 13-15-Year-Old Water Polo Players Using Physiological Control
Authors:   Ivan Boberskyy Lviv State University of Physical Culture, Water and Non-Olympic Sports Department. 11, Kostushko Str., Lviv 79007, Ukraine, Ostrovska N. T. , Sydorko O. Yu. , Briskin Yu. A. , Ostrovsky M. V. , Polehoiko M. B.
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the study was to optimize the methodology for assessing the functional state of athletes. Materials and methods. Theoretical analysis and generalization of data from scientific and methodological literature and empirical research materials, pedagogical observation, chronometry, pulsometry, methods of mathematical statistics were used. Results and discussion. This article discusses the issues of attracting indicators of physiological control for swimming various distances during a training session for the development of special endurance of water polo players. From a pedagogical point of view, it is important to assess the degree of physiological impact of a certain load on the athlete's body by the magnitude of heart rate. That is, the question arises about the so-called "pulse value" of the load, the value of which indicates the purposeful impact of the training tool on the development, in particular, special endurance. It is noteworthy that the highest heart rate, that is the difference between the resting heart rate and the heart rate after the end of the distance, is the highest after the distance of 200 meters. In other words, the 200m distance for water polo players aged 13-15 years is, from a physiological point of view, the most difficult and intense. It has been proved that for the development of special endurance of young water polo players aged 13-15 years, it is necessary to use swimming for short distances, the time to overcome which reliably depends on both the age of the athletes and their game roles. Conclusion. The values of the linear inverse correlation dependence of heart rate indicators on the time of swimming distances of 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 meters were determined for different age groups of water polo players. Based on the data obtained, the corresponding regression equations were calculated to determine the appropriate heart rate values when swimming any distance. Comparing the calculated values of heart rate with what this or that water polo player demonstrates after swimming any distance, certain conclusions can be drawn. If during the next test, with the same time to cover a distance of 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 meters, the water polo player has a lower heart rate than the calculated heart rate values, this means that his/her adaptive potential and physiological state have improved and you can increase the load. If the heart rate values increase significantly (more than 2σ), the athlete, in theory, is in a state of overwork or on the verge of overtraining, which indicates the need to reduce the load
Effusions Witty and Romantic
Authors: McMaster Juliet
Published: May 2022

It is only by undertaking comparative work that one can begin to study juvenilia as a genre. Hence my project here of linking two young writers of the same period, Jane Austen and Anna Maria Porter. 

   These two girl authors were roughly the same age when they were writing: in their teens. Jane was born in 1775, Maria (as she was known in the Porter family) in 1780. (I call them “Jane” and “Maria” as girls, and reserve the last names for reference to their mature works.) Jane Austen’s life, 1775 to 1817, is already well known. Anna Maria Porter’s’ dates are 1780 to 1832. Her older sister Jane Porter, author of The Scottish Chiefs among other things, is perhaps better known. But Anna Maria Porter published a number of historical romances, not unlike some of Scott’s – and Scott was a neighbour and friend of the Porter family. They include, for instance, The Lake of Killarney (1804), The Knight of St. John (1817), and Octavia (1833).  They were popular at home and abroad, and were often reprinted.
JJS 4.2 Table of Contents
Authors: Peterson Lesley
Published: May 2022

This is the Table of Contents for Vol. 4, No. 2 of the Journal of Juvenilia Studies.
Rubí: nueva variedad mejorada de frijol negro para las áreas tropicales de Veracruz y Chiapas
Authors: Tosquy Valle Oscar Hugo , Ibarra-Perez Francisco Javier , Rodríguez-Rodríguez José Raúl , Villar-Sánchez Bernardo , López-Salinas Ernesto , Anaya-López José Luís
Published: May 2022

En Veracruz y Chiapas, México, el cultivo de frijol es afectado por la incidencia de enfermedades virales, la ocurrencia de sequía terminal en las siembras de humedad residual y los suelos ácidos de baja fertilidad. Para contribuir a solucionar esta problemática se desarrolló la variedad de frijol ‘Rubí’. En 2015, la línea Jamapa Plus/XRAV-187-3-1-8, que dio origen a la variedad Rubí, junto con otras 49 líneas y 20 variedades de frijol negro, se tamizaron mediante inoculación artificial y el uso de marcadores moleculares, para determinar su resistencia al virus del mosaico común del frijol (BCMV), virus del mosaico necrótico común (BCMNV) y virus del mosaico amarillo dorado del frijol (BGYMV), en dicho estudio Rubí mostró resistencia al BCMV y baja incidencia de BGYMV. Durante 2015 y 2016, Rubí, se evaluó junto con dos testigos regionales en un vivero de adaptación en seis ambientes de Veracruz y Chiapas, para determinar su respuesta productiva, bajo condiciones de temporal, humedad residual, riego y sequía terminal. En cuatro de los seis ambientes, Rubí fue superior en rendimiento a los dos testigos regionales, con un promedio de 10.3 y 18.1% superior al obtenido por Negro Comapa y Negro Grijalva, respectivamente. Durante 2016 y 2017, Rubí se evaluó en un ensayo uniforme de rendimiento en 10 ambientes de Veracruz y Chiapas. La nueva variedad obtuvo un rendimiento promedio sobresaliente y mostró mejor adaptación que Negro Comapa y Negro Grijalva. En 2019, el Servicio Nacional de Inspección y Certificación de Semillas (SNICS) otorgó el registro en el Catálogo Nacional de Variedades Vegetales, con número FRI-099-06119, para su uso comercial.
Evaluación el nivel de mecanización tecno-agrícola en seis municipios del valle de Toluca
Authors: Hernández Ávila Jesús , Gutiérrez Rodríguez Francisco , Díaz Viquez Antonio , González Huerta Andrés , Serrato Cuevas Rodolfo
Published: May 2022

ResumenLos objetivos fundamentales de esta investigación fueron conocer el estado técnico del parque de tractores y máquinas agrícolas, así como analizar los índices técnico-económicos de este parque en los seis municipios del Estado de México. Se planteó como hipótesis, que algunos índices de mecanización eran parecidos o superiores a los mostrados por la FAO. Para la realización del presente trabajo se hicieron, estudios descriptivos no experimentales, ya que tuvieron como propósito conocer la situación actual de la funcionalidad de las máquinas agrícolas, en seis municipios del Estado de México (Zinacantepec, Toluca, Metepec, Almoloya de Juárez, Rayón y Calimaya). De acuerdo con el análisis y evaluación de dichos resultados, ningún tractor sobrepasa las 450 moto-horas de trabajo al año, además la relación superficie tractor en el municipio de Almoloya de Juárez es de 12.81 ha tractor-1, siendo la más alta y la menor de 4.44 ha tractor-1 en Toluca-Metepec y lo planteado por la FAO es de 50 ha tractor-1, lo cual muestra el grado de subutilización. La relación implemento por tractor se considera óptima, ya que la más baja para implementos de preparación primaria de suelos es de 0.98 en Toluca-Metepec y los demás municipios su relación es mayor de 1. En lo referente a la edad de uso de los tractores, 46% de estos se compraron en el lapso de 2007 al 2017 y 11.2% son tractores de la marca Ford, los cuales tienen un promedio de 20 años de uso, considerándose un parque de máquinas agrícolas obsoleto.
Polifenoles en cinco variedades de Euphorbia pulcherrima nativas de México
Authors: González-García Karla Elizabeth , Soto-Hernández Ramón Marcos , Colinas Leon Maria Teresa , García-Mateos María del Rosario , Garín-Aguilar María Eugenia , Guerra-Ramírez Diana
Published: May 2022

La nochebuena (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotsch) crece de manera silvestre en los bosques tropicales mexicanos en forma arbustiva y con brácteas rojas llamativas y con menor frecuencia presenta brácteas blancas. El uso principal de la nochebuena nativa es el ornamental, poco se ha estudiado acerca de las propiedades nutrimentales o nutracéuticas de la planta. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el perfil de flavonoides y ácidos fenólicos presentes en los extractos metanólico-acuosos en brácteas de cinco variedades de nochebuena de sol para conocer sus propiedades nutrimentales y promover su consumo. Se utilizaron brácteas secas (0.5 g por muestra). La extracción de los compuestos se hizo a partir de una solución de metanol/agua (80:20 v/v). Se llevó a cabo un perfil de ácidos fenólicos y flavonoides por cromatografía de líquidos de alta resolución (CLAR) acoplado a un detector de arreglo de diodos. Los ácidos gálico y siringico fueron los que presentaron las concentraciones más altas en las variedades analizadas. El flavonoide rutina se encontró en altas concentraciones en todas las variedades, sin embargo, en la variedad Juan Pablo no se logró detectar floridzina y floretina. Estos resultados sugieren que las brácteas de nochebuena pueden aportar antioxidantes importantes al consumirse.
Extractos de hojas de Dodonaea viscosa de polaridad ascendente sobre estadíos de Spodoptera frugiperda
Authors: Pérez Mayorga Sonia , De la Cruz Larios Lino , Salcedo Pérez Eduardo , Enríquez Vara Jhony Navat , Ramírez López Cesar Bonifacio
Published: May 2022

La búsqueda de alternativas para el control de plagas agrícolas amigables al ambiente, que evite daños a la salud pública y al ecosistema aledaño, es una demanda actual que amerita atención bioética responsable. En este sentido, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la actividad de los extractos de hojas de Dodonaea viscosa con polaridad ascendente sobre el desarrollo de Spodoptera frugiperda. Se obtuvieron extractos foliares de D. viscosa, por maceración en frío, usando disolventes en polaridad ascendente: hexano, diclorometano y metanol, los cuales se emplearon en las pruebas anti-alimentarias para conocer su efecto individual. Se realizó un experimento con dos bioensayos anti-alimentarios, uno con dieta artificial y otro de hojas de maíz; en ambos, se aplicaron los tres extractos obtenidos de D. viscosa a una concentración 1% m/v. El experimento se realizó con lavas L3 de la tercera generación S. frugiperda, a partir de las cuales se llevaron los bioensayos, durante todos los estadíos de desarrollo. Los datos se sometieron a un Anova multifactorial y a la comparación de medias (Tukey p= 0.05). Se hizo un análisis de componentes principales (ACP) para identificar las variables influenciadas en cada etapa del insecto. Las variables con diferencias significativas fueron mortalidad de larvas, duración del estadío larvario y pupa; así como, peso de pupa y número de huevos puestos. Los extractos analizados mostraron efectos en la interacción con el tipo de dieta, lo que se vio reflejado en las variables evaluadas durante el desarrollo de S. frugiperda.