bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Malaria From Hyperendemicity to Elimination Along International Border in Yunnan, 2003-2020: a Case Study of Border Malaria Control and Elimination in China
Authors: Liu Hui , Zhou Yao-Wu , Deng Yan , Lin Zu-Rui , Zhang Cang-Lin , Chen Qi-Yan , Wei Chun , Duan Kai-Xia , Tian Peng , Zhou Hong-Ning , Xu Jian-wei
Published: November 2021

Background: Border malaria is always one of the most intractable problems in the path to malaria elimination worldwide. Movement of both human population and anophelines mosquitoes infected with Plasmodium spp can cause cross-border malaria transmission. The border areas of Yunnan were still malaria hyperendemicity in the early of this century.Methods: This case study collected all available data related to border malaria surveillance and control in 25 border counties from 2003 to 2020 to analyses strategies, interventions and their efficacy.Results: Number of malaria cases was a total of 10 349 cases with an annual parasite incidence (API) 17.10 per 10000 person-years in the border area in 2003. From 2003 to 2013, integrated interventions based on natural village-based stratification, including mass drug administration for radical cure and preventive treatment, presumptive treatment of all febrile patients for malaria and indoor residual spraying or dipping bed nets with insecticides were successfully carried out. By 2013, overall API was reduced to 0.62 per 10000 person-years, meanwhile, effective cross border collaboration for malaria control reduced malaria burden by 90% in neighbouring border areas of Myanmar. From 2017 with zero indigenous case forward, the comprehensive strategy, including universal coverage of surveillance to detect malaria cases, rapid response to any malaria cues and effective border collaboration with neighbouring successfully eliminated malaria and fully prevented reintroduction of malaria transmission in 25 border counties of Yunnan. Conclusions: Border malaria elimination is an intensive intervention. The local context based strategy contributes to malaria control and elimination, and then prevent reintroduction of malaria transmission. Other border areas should do their own intervention trials to develop their own strategy.
Time series analysis and forecasting of China’s energy production during Covid-19: statistical models vs machine learning models
Authors: Lu Zekai , Liu Nian , Xie Ying , Xu Junhui
Published: November 2021

Covid-19 was a huge catastrophe for the whole world, and this catastrophe has had far-reaching effects on energy production worldwide. In this paper, we build traditional statistical models and machine learning models to forecast energy production series in the post-pandemic period based on Chinese energy production data and Covid-19 Chinese epidemic data from 2018 to 2021. The experimental results showed that the optimal models in this study outperformed the baseline models on each series, with MAPE values less than 10. Further studies found that the machine learning models LightGBM, NNAT and LSTM worked better in the unstable energy series, while the statistical model ARIMA still had an advantage in the stable energy time series. Overall, the machine learning models outperformed the traditional models in Covid-19 in terms of prediction. Our findings provide an important reference for energy research in public health emergencies, as well as a theoretical basis for factories to adjust their production plans and governments to adjust their energy decisions during Covid-19.
Encapsulation of Quercetin in Tri-Block-Copolymer/Tween 80 Mixed Nanomicelles to Enhance its Cytotoxicity Against Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Davarnejad Reza , Layeghy Kiyana , Soleymani Meysam , Ayazi Arvin
Published: November 2021

Quercetin, a natural polyphenolic compound, has attracted much attention due to its great therapeutic potential against various types of diseases. But clinical applications of quercetin are limited due to its poor aqueous solubility and low bioavailability. The main purpose of this research was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of quercetin-loaded Pluronic F127 (PF127)/Tween 80 mixed nanomicelles as a passive targeted drug delivery system for breast cancer therapy. To this end, quercetin-loaded mixed nanomicelles with different mass ratios of drug:PF127:Tween 80 were prepared by the thin-film hydration method. The highest drug loading and entrapment efficiency were obtained to be 2.3% and 98.0%, respectively, for mixed micelles with drug:PF127:Tween 80 ratio of 1:40:15. The physical interactions of quercetin with PF127 and Tween 80 at optimized ratio was investigated by XRD and FTIR analyses. The mean hydrodynamic size and surface charge of prepared nanomicelles, measured by DLS and zeta potential analyses, were 22.1 nm and -7.63 mV, respectively. The results of in-vitro drug release experiments showed that, the mixed micellar system has a prolong and sustained release behavior compared to the solution of free quercetin. Moreover, the in-vitro cytotoxicity studies of quercetin-loaded mixed nanomicelles on breast cancer cells (MCF-7) revealed that, the encapsulated drug have a lower IC50 value (8.9 µg/mL) compared to the free drug (49.2 µg/mL). Our results suggest that, quercetin-loaded mixed nanomicelles can be considered as a promising drug delivery system with prolonged release and potentiated cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells.
Construct Validity of Simulation Model for Training the Ultrasound-Guided Nerve Block and Catheter Placement
Authors: Fang Lili , Gao Dave Schwinn , Sun Junfeng , Xie Weiying , Shi Qingyu , Sun Kai , Li Xue , Zhang Fengjiang , Wang Yi , Zheng Bin , Yan Min
Published: November 2021

Background: Continuous ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block is a widely practiced technique that can be a challenge for young anesthesiologists. We developed a new simulation model for learning perineural catheter placement. This study aims to test the validity of the model and investigate the learning process of residents on this model. Methods: The simulation model was constructed with partial animal tissue and physical materials. Ultrasound-guided simulation of perineural catheter placement was then performed. Twenty-eight anesthesiologists representing novices, intermediates and experts were required to perform 30 trials within one single day. Practice trials were video-recorded to extract data of task time and performance errors. Construct validity were assessed. Results: Practicing on the simulation model, experts were able to achieve superior task performance, i.e., shorter task time (P < 0.001) and fewer performance errors (P < 0.001), than intermediates and novices. Learning curve recorded from young residents suggested that they were not able to reach the proficiency level as experts within one training day. Conclusions: This hybrid simulation model was capable of training the skills required for continuous ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block. Future studies under this model need to concern extending the duration of the training phase for residents.
Public Perception and Investment Preference for the Companies Contributing to CSR
Authors: Sharma Pankaj , Dalwadi Pragnesh
Published: November 2021

The corporate social responsibility concentrates on corporate goals to “give back to the society” or be converted into “agents of positive social change”. Therefore it is important to understand the people’s perception for corporate social responsibility and their investment preference in companies contributing to CSR. To know people’s perception of CSR the descriptive research design has been used and the data has been collected from 285 individuals of Ahmedabad city through structured questionnaire using random sampling method in the month of January and February 2021. The collected data has been tabulated and analyzed using frequency count, percentage, chi-square test, and multiple-regression. This study found that eighty five percent of the respondents are aware of CSR. The respondents believe that CCCSR are responsible companies and therefor people spread positive word-of-mouth for these companies but people are not ready to pay higher price for the products and services offered by these companies. Therefor companies should invest in CSR and this investment gives handsome financial and non-financial returns in the form of improved company reputation, customer satisfaction, trustworthiness, customer loyalty, investors’ confidence etc.
A Distance-Based Microfluidic Paper-Based Biosensor for Glucose Measurements in Tear Range
Authors: Allameh Samira , Rabbani Mohsen
Published: November 2021

The prevalence of diabetes has increased over the past years. Therefore, developing minimally invasive, user-friendly, and cost-effective glucose biosensors is necessary, especially in low-income and developing countries. Cellulose paper-based analytical devices have attracted the attention of many researchers due to affordability, not requiring trained personnel, and complex equipment. This paper describes a microfluidic paper-based analytical device for detecting glucose in tear range with the naked eye. The paper-based biosensor fabricated by laser CO2 and GOx/HRP enzymatic solution coupled with TMB was utilized as reagents. A sample volume of 10 µl was needed for the biosensor operation, and the results were observable within 5 minutes. The color intensity-based and distance-based results were analyzed by ImageJ and Tracker to evaluate the device performance. Distance-based results showed a linear behavior in 0.1-1.2 mM with an R2=0.9962 and LOD of 0.1 mM. The results could be perceived by the naked eye without needing additional equipment or trained personnel in a relatively short time (3-5 minutes). Moreover, glucose concentration could be obtained non-invasively by tears collected by this µPAD.
A High Urinary Urobilinogen / Serum Total Bilirubin Ratio Reported in Abdominal Pain Patients Can Indicate Acute Hepatic Porphyria
Authors: Song Chengyuan , Sang Shaowei , Liu Yuan
Published: November 2021

Background: Due to its variable symptoms and nonspecific laboratory test results during routine examinations, acute hepatic porphyria (AHP) has always been a diagnostic dilemma for physicians. Correct diagnosis mainly depends on the elevated urinary porphobilinogen (PBG) level, which is not a routine test performed in the emergency department. Therefore, identifying a more convenient indicator during routine examinations is important to improve the diagnosis of AHP.Methods: In this retrospective study, we enrolled 12 AHP patients and 100 patients with abdominal pain of other causes as the control groups in Qilu hospital of Shandong University between 2015 and 2021. The clinical manifestations and laboratory result data including urinary urobilinogen/serum total bilirubin ratio were compared between these two groups. The diagnostic performance of urinary urobilinogen/serum total bilirubin ratio was measured as sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. The cut-off for optimal clinical performance was determined by the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve. Results were considered significant at a P < 0.05.Results: Compared with the control groups, AHP patients showed a significantly higher urinary urobilinogen level (P < 0.05). However, we showed that the higher urobilinogen level was caused by a false-positive result due to elevated urine PBG. Hence, we used serum total bilirubin, an upstream substance of urinary urobilinogen synthesis, for calibration. A remarkable increase in the urinary urobilinogen/serum total bilirubin ratio was observed in AHP patients. The area under the ROC curve of this ratio for AHP was 1.000 (95% confidence interval, 1.000–1.000, P < 0.01). A cutoff value of 3.22 for the urinary urobilinogen/serum total bilirubin ratio yielded a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 100% to distinguish AHP patients from the controls.Conclusion: A reported high urinary urobilinogen level that was adjusted by the serum total bilirubin level (urinary urobilinogen/serum total bilirubin ratio) could be used as a sensitive and specific indicator for AHP in patients with abdominal pain.
Survival of Plants During Short-Term Boa-Oh Exposure: Ros Related Gene Expression and Detoxification Reactions are Accompanied with Fast Membrane Lipid Repair in Root Tips
Authors: Schulz Margot , Laschke Laura , Hofmann Diana , Dörmann Peter , Schütz Vadim , Sicker Dieter
Published: November 2021

For the characterization of BOA-OH insensitive plants, we studied time-dependent effects of the benzoxazolinone-4/5/6/7-OH isomers on maize roots. Exposure of Zea mays seedlings to 0.5 mM BOA-OH elicits root zone specific reactions by formation of dark rings and spots in the zone of lateral roots, high catalase activity on root hairs and no visible defense reaction at the root tip. We studied BOA-6-OH- short term effects on membrane lipids and fatty acids in maize root tips in comparison to reference species Abutilon theophrasti Medik. Decreased contents of phosphatidylinositol in A. theophrasti and phosphatidylcholine in maize were found after 10-30 min. In the youngest tissue, α-linoleic acid (18:2), decreased considerably in both species and recovering within one hour. Disturbances in membrane phospholipid contents were balanced in both species within 30-60 min. Triacylglycerols were also affected, but levels of maize diacylglycerols were almost unchanged, suggesting a release of fatty acids for membrane lipid regeneration from TAGs while resulting DAGs are buildings blocks for phospholipid reconstitution, concomitant with BOA-6-OH glucosylation. Expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD2) and of ER-bound oleoyl desaturase (FAD2-2) genes were contemporaneously up regulated in contrast to the catalase CAT1, while CAT3 was arguably integrated at a later stage of the detoxification process. Immuno-responses were not elicited in short-terms, since expression of NPR1, POX12 were rather affected, PR4 after 6h with BOA-4/7-OH and PR1 after 24h with BOA-5/6-OH. The rapid membrane recovery, reactive oxygen species and allelochemical detoxification may be characteristic for BOA-OH insensitive plants.
Deep Sequencing of The HIV-1 Polymerase Gene For Characterisation of Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Epitopes During Early And Chronic Disease Stages
Authors: Nkone Paballo , Loubser Shayne , Quinn Thomas C. , Redd Andrew D. , Ismail Arshad , Tiemessen Caroline T. , Mayaphi Simnikiwe H.
Published: November 2021

Background: Despite multiple attempts, there is still no effective HIV-1 vaccine available. The HIV-1 polymerase (pol) gene is highly conserved and encodes cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes. The aim of the study was to characterise HIV-1 Pol CTL epitopes in mostly sample pairs obtained during early and chronic stages of infection.Methods: Illumina deep sequencing was conducted for all samples while Sanger sequencing was only performed on baseline samples. Codons under immune selection pressure were assessed by computing nonsynonymous to synonymous mutation ratios using MEGA. Minority CTL epitope variants occurring at 5% were detected using low-frequency variant tool in CLC Genomics. Los Alamos HIV database was used for mapping mutations to known HIV-1 CTL epitopes.Results: Fifty-two participants were enrolled in the study. Their median age was 28 years (interquartile range: 24-32 years) and majority of participants (92.3%) were female. Illumina minority variant analysis identified a significantly higher number of CTL epitopes (n = 65) compared to epitopes (n = 8) identified through Sanger sequencing. Most of the identified epitopes mapped to reverse transcriptase (RT) and integrase (IN) regardless of sequencing method. There was a significantly higher proportion of minority variant epitopes in RT (n=39, 60.0%) compared to IN (n = 17, 26.2%) and PR (n = 9, 13.8%), p = 0.002 and <0.0001, respectively. However, no significant difference was observed between the proportion of minority variant epitopes in IN versus PR, p = 0.06. Some epitopes were detected in either early or chronic HIV-1 infection whereas others were detected in both stages. Different distribution patterns of minority variant epitopes were observed in sample pairs; with some increasing or decreasing over time, while others remained constant. Some of the identified epitopes have not been previously reported for HIV-1 subtype C. There were also variants that could not be mapped to reported CTL epitopes in the Los Alamos HIV database.Conclusion: Deep sequencing revealed many Pol CTL epitopes, including some not previously reported for HIV-1 subtype C. The findings of this study support the inclusion of RT and IN epitopes in HIV-1 vaccine candidates as these proteins harbour many CTL epitopes.
Non-invasive Brain Stimulation Modulates GABAergic Activity in Neurofibromatosis 1
Authors: Garg Shruti , Williams Steve , Jung JeYoung , Pobric Gorana , Nandi Tulika , Lim Ben , Vassallo Grace , Green Jonathan , Evans D. Gareth , Stagg Charlotte J , Parkes Laura , Stivaros Stavros
Published: November 2021

Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is a single-gene disorder associated with cognitive phenotypes common to neurodevelopmental conditions such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) & Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). GABAergic dysregulation underlies working memory impairments seen in NF1. This mechanistic experimental study investigates whether application of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (atDCS) can modulate GABA and working memory in NF1. 31 adolescents with NF1 were recruited to this single-blind sham-controlled cross-over randomized trial. Active or sham tDCS was applied to the left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC) and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy was collected before and after intervention in the left DLPFC and occipital cortex. Higher baseline GABA in the left DLPFC was associated with faster response times (RT) on baseline working memory measures. AtDCS was seen to significantly reduced GABA as compared to sham stimulation in the left DLPFC. There was no effect of atDCS on Glutamate/glutamine (Glx) in the left DLPFC or on GABA/Glx in the occipital cortex. This first such study in adolescents with NF1, showed that atDCS modulates inhibitory activity in the DLPFC. Given the strong evidence linking GABA abnormalities to cognitive deficits across neurodevelopmental conditions such as ASD, modulation of GABA using atDCS offers a promising therapeutic approach.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0499142. Registered 05/08/2021; retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04991428
Hong Kong’s Currency and Monetary Policy
Authors: Fast Richard
Published: November 2021

This literature review is a synopsis of what has been written on the currency and monetary policy of Hong Kong since its relinquishment from Great Britain in 1999. In particular, this paper examines the role and policies of the Hong Kong Monetary Authority, the island province’s equivalent to a central bank. Since Hong Kong does not have a central bank per se, it is interesting to note how the money supply is created and maintained, and what its relationship is to mainland China. This institution makes Hong Kong unique among developed economies, which typically have a central bank that oversees monetary creation and policy. The Literature Review is composed of two parts: Part One will cover the revaluation of the Hong Kong Dollar with regard to its value relative to the currencies of China, Japan, Europe, and the United States, particularly during financial crises. This part of the literature review will cover the work of Chan (2002), Schenk (2004), Shah (1996), Cook and Yetman (2004), and Ma and Cheng (2014) as they use different measurement methods to monitor the change in the Hong Kong Dollar’s value over time, especially compared to the period before the creation of the Hong Kong Dollar. Part Two will cover the monetary and macro-economic policies and currency board effectiveness of the Hong Kong Monetary Authority in sustaining the value of the Hong Kong Dollar. This part of the literature review will cover the work of Chen (2001), Siregar and Walker (2000), Chen and Tsang (2020), Funke and Paetz (2000), and Huang and Shen (2017). This paper also includes a section on suggestions for future research, including what effect the shift of pegging the Hong Kong Dollar (HKD) to other currencies, such as the Euro or the Japanese Yen, or when interest rates in other countries are set at zero. The paper wraps up with an overview of the literature discussed and possible paths going forward, including recreating the studies over time to see how effective such a maneuver has been in practice when compared to competing currencies. Followers of the Hong Kong Dollar will especially find these results useful as they seek to exchange currencies for the highest value.
Motivational Factors in Organisational Change
Authors: Biewendt Marcel , Blaschke Florian , Böhnert Arno
Published: November 2021

The presented paper gives an overview of the most important and most common theories and concepts from the economic field of organisational change and is also enriched with quantitative publication data, which underlines the relevance of the topic. In particular, the topic presented is interwoven in an interdisciplinary way with economic psychological models, which are underpinned within the models with content from leading scholars in the field. The pace of change in companies is accelerating, as is technological change in our society. Adaptations of the corporate structure, but also of management techniques and tasks, are therefore indispensable. This includes not only the right approaches to employee motivation, but also the correct use of intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors. Based on the hypothesis put forward by the scientist and researcher Rollinson in his book “Organisational behaviour and analysis” that managers believe motivational resources are available at all times, socio-economic and economic psychological theories are contrasted here in order to critically examine this statement. In addition, a fictitious company was created as a model for this work in order to illustrate the effects of motivational deficits in practice. In this context, the theories presented are applied to concrete problems within the model and conclusions are drawn about their influence and applicability. This led to the conclusion that motivation is a very individual challenge for each employee, which requires adapted and personalised approaches. On the other hand, the recommendations for action for supervisors in the case of motivation deficits also cannot be answered in a blanket manner, but can only be solved with the help of professional, expert-supported processing due to the economic-psychological realities of motivation. Identifying, analysing and remedying individual employee motivation deficits is, according to the authors, a problem and a challenge of great importance, especially in the context of rapidly changing ecosystems in modern companies, as motivation also influences other factors such as individual productivity. The authors therefore conclude that good motivation through the individual and customised promotion and further training of employees is an important point for achieving important corporate goals in order to remain competitive on the one hand and to create a productive and pleasant working environment on the other.
Cash Transfers and Child Nutrition: Evidence from sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Awojobi Oladayo Nathaniel
Published: November 2021

This paper summarises the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on cash transfers and child nutrition. The main purpose of the research is to assess the effectiveness of cash transfers in improving nutritional outcomes in vulnerable children in sub-Saharan Africa. Systematisation of the literary sources indicates that studies have justified cash transfer as social-income support that addresses a vital social determinant of health (income) for children in low-and-middle-income countries. The methodological basis of this study is a systematic review that searched a wide range of academic and grey literature databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar. This study included cluster-randomised controlled trials (R.C.T.s), randomised controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies, mixed-methods studies, and non-randomised cluster trials. Studies included in this systematic review were screened for their eligibility. The systematic review uses the Cochrane data collection form to extract data from the included studies. It was not feasible to statistically combine the results of the studies due to the heterogeneity of most of the studies. Preferably, the review employs a narrative synthesis to present the estimated effects of cash transfers on children’s nutritional outcomes. The systematic review presents the results of data synthesis, of which eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. Overall, the evidence from the systematic review indicates that cash transfer programmes targeted at children effectively improve anthropometric and nutritional outcomes. Further research is needed to spell out the multiple pathways to how cash transfers improve children’s nutritional outcomes. Moreover, this systematic review shows the importance of cash transfers in improving child nutrition. Policymakers should continue to employ institutional mechanisms to strengthen the nutritional status of children, especially the vulnerable ones since cash transfer intervention is a temporary measure.
Financial Inclusion and Virtual Bank in the Era of Digitalisation: A Regulatory Case Study in Hong Kong
Authors: Law Sau-Wai
Published: November 2021

Implicit in the promise of virtual banks is the mission of promoting financial inclusion in Hong Kong, through offering increased accessibility and brand-new customer experiences through the internet which are said to be easier, more personalised and customer-centered. Nevertheless, while regulators encourage using technological solutions to reduce barriers to access and friction, there is a need to strike a balance between promoting technological innovations, protecting customers, and enhancing the returns to investors. Through the content analysis of the recent speeches and guidelines from Hong Kong Monetary Authority and the financial inclusion report from the United Kingdom, it is observed that the regulation of virtual banks in Hong Kong tends to focus predominately on promoting technological innovations. This is unlikely to be sufficient to replicate the trust and confidence in the traditional banking environments due to the lack of consideration to incorporate human factors between banks and clients. This paper articulates the importance of improving the following three areas which could be incorporated into future amendments to future regulatory guidelines: First is to review and accommodate the differences in the bank-customer relationship under the new interaction model. Second is to enhance transparency and disclosure of the technology involved in virtual bank operation. Third is to provide greater assistance to customers to improve their comprehensiveness of the increasing complexity of bank operation, particularly for those who do not have high financial literacy and those who might be discouraged from making an enquiry due to lack of human interaction with the banks. These would improve accessibility and make a meaningful impact to financial inclusion through the launch of virtual banks in Hong Kong.
Postmoderno napuštanje hilemorfizma u konceptualističkoj estetici Arthura Colemana Dantoa
Authors: Sunajko Goran
Published: November 2021

Rad razmatra filozofijski odnos forme (ideje) i oblika (figure) preko smisla konceptualističke umjetnosti koju u svojoj estetičkoj teoriji naglašava Arthur Coleman Danto. Iako je već moderna umjetnost na početku
20. stoljeća nagovijestila raskid forme i oblika, u punom je smislu raskid zaživio u postmoderni. Pokazat će se da su konceptualni umjetnici
shvatili kako je moguće zadržati oblik neke stvari, a da joj se izmijeni sama forma, odnosno ideja koja je izmješta iz prethodno određene funkcije. Za konceptualnu, postmodernu umjetnost tako će biti odlučno zadržavanje oblika uz promjenu forme po kojoj takvo umjetničko djelo i nastaje, mijenjajući karakter stvari koja dotad nije bila umjetničko djelo. Time se stvara jedinstven estetički predmet koji, prema Hartmannovoj estetičkoj teoriji, ne počiva na samom umjetničkom djelu, nego na njegovoj percepciji. Danto je takav put oprimjerio Duchampovom Fontanom i Warholovom kutijom Brillo koje svjedoče promjeni forme, uz zadržavanje oblika, čime se postmoderna estetika u bitnome uspostavlja kao konceptualnost.
Spolno i jezično u opusu Adriane Cavarero: onkraj jednakosti i različitosti
Authors: Kovačević Astrid
Published: November 2021

U radu se razmatra odnos spolnog i jezičnog te njihov međusobni utjecaj unutar područja političke filozofije, lingvistike i teorije teksta, u pojedinim djelima Adriane Cavarero. Najprije se polazi od spoznaja poststrukturalističke teorije teksta, psihoanalitičkog feminizma i psiholingvistike, koje se potom proširuju rezultatima iz područja političke filozofije, s posebnim naglaskom na antičke tekstove. Analizom
odabranih ulomaka Cavarerina opusa otvorit će se pitanje odnosa rodnog,
spolnog i tekstualnog. Na temelju kritičkog čitanja Cavarerinih djela, teorijske literature i rezultata analize polaznih i ciljnih tekstova, donijet će se zaključak o utjecaju spolnosti na jezik i kulturu, odnosno
o utjecaju jezika i kulturnih simbola na društvene i rodne uloge.
A SURVEY ON CHARACTERISTICS OF TOP CRYPTOCURRENCIES
Authors:   Charotar University of Science & Technology, Changa., Chandarana Jilsa , Ajudiya Rushit ,   Charotar University of Science & Technology, Changa., Dattatreya Atharva ,   Charotar University of Science & Technology, Changa., Patel Rima ,   Charotar University of Science & Technology, Changa.
Published: November 2021

In this fast-growing world, money has become a dominant asset. As the technology evolved, a new way of money transfer arose named Cryptocurrency. Cryptocurrency, also known as crypto, is a digital currency and has no physical form. Cryptocurrency is trending in finance and technical fields. It is very popular among investors as well. There is various cryptocurrency available in the market with different price and properties. The objective of this paper is to get familiar with cryptocurrency and compare different characteristics of top cryptocurrencies. The cryptocurrency listed in the paper were most likely to be found on any website about cryptocurrency. In this paper, an overview of all these cryptocurrencies is provided along with their prices. The list of top cryptocurrencies was taken from indiatoday.com and it was verified by other online sources.[1]
FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CLARITHROMYCIN FLOATING TABLETS BY USING VARIOUS POLYMERS
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutics, Maharashtra State, India. Vedprakash Patil College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad., Prakash Kawade Nitija , V. Changediya Vaibhav ,   Department of Pharmaceutics, Maharashtra State, India. Vedprakash Patil College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad.
Published: November 2021

The present study outlines a systematic approach for designing and development of Clarithromycin floating tablets to enhance the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of the drug. Floating tablets of Clarithromycin have shown sustained release there by proper duration of action at a particular site and are designed to prolong the gastric residence time after oral administration. Different formulations were formulated by using direct compression technique. A floating drug delivery system (FDDS) was developed by using sodium bicarbonate as gas-forming agent and Chitosan, HPMC K4M and Ethyl cellulose as polymers. The preformulation parameters like Organoleptic properties, angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, Hausners ratio, carrs index and compressibility index of pure drug was evaluated and complied with the pharmacopoeial specifications. FTIR studies showed there was no interaction between drug and polymer. The prepared tablets were evaluated in terms of their physical characteristics, post compression parameters in vitro release and buoyancy lag time the results of the in vitro release studies showed that the optimized formulation (C7) could sustain drug release for 12 hrs by using Ethyl cellulose in the concentration of 50 mg. The in vitro drug release followed Kors Mayer peppas release. Results revealed that the floating formulation of the Clarithromycin is the best formulation to obtain better therapeutic effect and Ethyl cellulose at a concentration of 50mg up to some extent it increases the Bioavailability of the drug to retain the dosage form on the desired site for effective period of the time.
ETUDE DU TRANSFERT THERMIQUE EN REGIME DE MODULATION DE FREQUENCE A TRAVERS UN PANNEAU A BASE DE FIBRE DE BOIS: INFLUENCE DES PARAMETRES EXTERIEURS
Authors:   Polytechnic School of Thies, BP A10, Thies, Senegal., Aboubacry Mbodji Oumou , Diene Alassane ,   Polytechnic School of Thies, BP A10, Thies, Senegal., Faye Seydou ,   Laboratory of Semiconductors and Solar Energy, Physics Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal., Traore Youssou ,   Laboratory of Semiconductors and Solar Energy, Physics Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal., Babacar Ndiaye Mamadou ,   University Institute of Technology, University Iba Der THIAM of Thies, Senegal., Diagne Issa ,   Laboratory of Semiconductors and Solar Energy, Physics Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal., Sissoko Gregoire ,   Laboratory of Semiconductors and Solar Energy, Physics Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal.,   Groupe International de Recherche en Enenergie Renouvelable, BP. 15003, Dakar Fann, Senegal.
Published: November 2021

Cette etude, propose levaluation du comportement thermique en regime dynamique frequentiel dun panneau a base fibre de bois. La resolution de lequation de continuite de la chaleur a produit les expressions theriques de la temperature et de la densite de flux de chaleur dans le panneau. Linfluence des parametres exterieurs a travers les coefficients dechanges thermiques sur les surfaces avant et arriere du panneau, ainsi que de la pulsation excitatrice sur la diffusion de chaleur est analysee.
EVALUATION OF TONGUE FORCE USING PIEZOELECTRIC SENSOR IN TONGUE THRUSTING PATIENTS
Authors:   M.D.S PhD Scholar Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics Faculty of Dentistry Annamalai University Chidambaram., Premkumar K.S. , Kurunji Kumaran N. ,   M.D.S PhD, PhD Guide Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics Faculty of Dentistry Annamalai University Chidambaram., Rajasigamani MDS K. ,   M.D.S Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics Faculty of Dentistry Annamalai University Chidambaram., Bhaskar MDS V. ,   M.D.S Head of the Department, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics Faculty of Dentistry Annamalai University Chidambaram., Sumalatha MDS S. ,   M.D.S Reader, Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, Best Dental Science College & Hospital, Madurai., Prabhusankar MDS K. ,   M.D.S Professor & Head, Dept of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Best Dental Science College & Hospital Madurai.
Published: November 2021

Tooth position and the form of the dental arch are subject to constant pressure from the circum-oral muscles and the tongue. Stable maintenance of the position of the teeth and the form of the dental arch is thought to depend on the balance of these pressures. Literature regarding the association of tongue force and the malocclusion remains controversial. Hence the present study aimed to measure the tongue force among the tongue thrusting patients using piezoelectric sensor and to compare with the control group. The results of the present study showed that there was no statistical significant difference between the two groups. This could be because of small sample size, which leads for future scope to increase in the sample size.
HEYECAN, KORKU VEYA TELAŞ SEBEBİYLE MEŞRU SAVUNMADA SINIRIN AŞILMASI VE TÜRK HUKUKUNDAKİ UYGULAMASI
Authors: ÜNAL Ertuğrul
Published: November 2021

Meşru savunma, hukuki bir fenomenden ziyade doğal bir olgudur. İnsan, tabiatı gereği kendisine yönelmiş saldırıya karşı koyar. Kişilerin, haksız saldırı karşısında yaşadıkları duygusal reaksiyonlar sebebiyle her zaman saldırıyla orantılı tepki vermeleri kendilerinden beklenemez. Failin hareketlerini yönlendirme yeteneğinin azalması veya ortadan kalkması anlamına gelen meşru savunmada sınırın mazur görülebilecek heyecan, korku veya telaş sebebiyle aşılmasında fail, hukuken izin verilen alanın dışına çıkmasına rağmen cezalandırılmamaktadır (TCK m.27/2). Fıkra metninde geçen mazur görülebilecek heyecan, korku ve paniğin mazur görülebilecek seviyede olup olmadığının belirlenmesinde ex ante bir inceleme yapılması gerekmektedir. 765 sayılı TCK’da mevcut olmayan meşru savunmada sınırın mazur görülebilecek heyecan, korku veya telaşla aşılması, Alman Ceza Kanunun (AlCK) 33 üncü maddesinden esinlenilerek ihdas edilmiştir. Bu sebeple makalemizde; düzenlemenin Türk hukukundaki tatbik şekli, Alman doktrin ve uygulamasıyla mukayeseli şekilde ortaya konulmaya çalışılacaktır. Makalenin merkeze aldığı en temel soru; meşru savunmada sınırın aşılması hususunda uygulamanın, kanunda olmayan şekilde maddenin kapsamını daraltıp daraltmadığıdır. Bu soruya cevap bulabilmek amacıyla da Alman Federal Mahkemesinin (BGH) vermiş olduğu kararlar ile mukayese yoluna gidilmiştir..
Integration of Nanotechnology in Plant Tissue Culture
Authors: Singh Rachana , Ahamad Shadab
Published: November 2021

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In the field of plant biotechnology, tissue culture is having colossal applications, for example,
the production of disease-free plants and their mass multiplication, germplasm preservation,
genetic manipulation to get improved variety as well as the production of biologically active compounds.
The integration of nanotechnology and application of Nanoparticles (NPs) has shown a positive
response in the elimination of microbial contaminants and induction of callus, somatic embryogenesis,
organogenesis, production of secondary metabolites, and genetic transformation. This paper
aims to highlight some of the recent advancements that came possible through the implementation of
nanotechnology in the field of plant tissue culture and also discusses both positives and negatives
aspects associated with NPs in plant tissue culture. The prospects through the involvement of recent
innovations of nanotechnology such as dendrimers, quantum dots, and carbon nanotubes are also
proposed.
Reframing the competitiveness strategy of Bugis traders based on spiritual entrepreneurship after the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia
Authors: Thamrin Andi , Ridjal Syamsul , Syukur Muhammad , Akib Haedar , Syamsiar Syamsiar
Published: November 2021

The reframing of the competitiveness strategy of Bugis traders after the COVID-19 pandemic situation is oriented towards practicing the spiritual values ??of entrepreneurship. Reframing the Bugis trader's competitiveness strategy in the post Pandemic situation is oriented to the practice of spiritual values ??of entrepreneurship, as well as confirming public understanding that "the Bugis are the Black Chinese of Indonesia." Bugis traders who are characterized by spiritual entrepreneurship are strict on principle, "Resopa temmangingi mallomo naletei pammase Dewata" based on information and communication technology. This study combines normative research methods with descriptive methods in researching reframing the competitiveness strategies of Bugis traders who live on the shores of TempeLake, Indonesia. The results showed strengthening the basic values ??and orientation of the religious values ??of Bugis traders was a manifestation of reframing its strategy. There are basic values ??and orientations of social, economic values ??of Bugis traders based on spiritual entrepreneurship, namely faith, piety, morality, empathy or caring, visionary, fathonah, Amanah, siddiq, tabligh, istiomah. This strengthening of social, cultural, local economic values ??based on spiritual entrepreneurship supports the reframing of the competitive strategy of Bugistraders in transacting through market space as necessity to learn from large-scale social-distancing situations and enter NENOLE conditions.
Distance learning tools for the development of foreign language communicative competence
Authors: Kokorina Lyudmyla V. , Potreba Nadiia A. , Zharykova Maryna V. , Horlova Olena V.
Published: November 2021

The primary feature of modernity is the dynamic development of information technology. Students must be taught the way to select and find useful information for a particular educational task from the start. The development of this skill is based on the various learning strategies. Thus, the strategies that contribute to the development of autonomy is a crucial aspect in the process of language learning supported by the tools of modern digital technology. Distance learning, video conferencing systems, telecollaboration are technological advancements that require a new paradigm for their usage. Both asynchronous and synchronous distance learning have already become part of nowadays reality. Thus, it is difficult to question the effectiveness of this form of learning and knowledge acquisition even though there is still a lack of the "infrastructure" to take advantage of new technologies to the fullest. The subject of the article is to reflect the use of distance learning in language education. A description of empirical research was made based on the method of distance learning in linguistic education, which main goal was to assess the effectiveness and analysis of features of the distance method for studying/learning foreign languages.
PENGARUH NATRIUM BENZOAT DAN WAKTU PENYIMPANAN TERHADAP MUTU KIMIA DAN MIKROBIOLOGIS SELAI PALA (Myristica fragrans Houtt)
Authors:   STKIP Gotong Royong Masohi, Maitimu Centhya Victorin
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh natrium benzoat dan waktu penyimpanan terhadap mutu kimia dan mikrobiologi selai pala. Penelitian dilakukan secara acak lengkap dengan dua variabel yaitu natrium benzoat dan waktu penyimpanan dengan dua ulangan. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi natrium benzoat dapat mempertahankan kandungan vitamin C hingga penyimpanan 15 hari. Namun penambahan 250 mg natrium benzoat pada penyimpanan 15 hari dapat mengawetkan selai pala dengan kandungan vitamin C 0.138 mg/100g bahan, total asam 9.25 mg/100g bahan dan nilai pH 2.00. Sedangkan penambahan natrium benzoat 750 mg dapat mengawetkan selai pala hingga 60 hari ditunjukkan dengan jumlah koloni terendah (25 x 10-3 CFU/ml) yang memenuhi standar mutu Indonesia (SNI). Kesimpulannya, produksi selai pala dengan penambahan natrium benzoat layak untuk memperpanjang waktu penyimpanan.
Transplantacja nerki jako metoda leczenia nerkozastępczego pacjenta z przewlekłą chorobą nerek
Authors: Woderska-Jasińska Aleksandra , Hermanowicz Małgorzata , Włodarczyk Zbigniew
Published: November 2021

Wstęp. Szacuje się, że przewlekła choroba nerek stanowi problem zdrowotny 500–600 milionów osób, z czego 4-5 milionów mieszkańców Polski, spośród których rocznie de novo 6500 wymaga leczenia nerkozastępczego. Transplantacja nerek jest uznaną metodą leczenia nerkozastępczego i najskuteczniejszą w porównaniu z alternatywnymi metodami leczenia przewlekłej choroby nerek - hemodializą i dializą otrzewnową.

Cel. Celem pracy jest przedstawienie aktualnego stanu wiedzy na temat wybranych zagadnień dotyczących przeszczepiania nerek jako metody leczenia nerkozastępczego w przewlekłej chorobie nerek.

Przegląd. W pracy przedstawiono aktualny stan wiedzy na temat wybranych zagadnień dotyczących transplantacji nerek w Polsce od dawców zmarłych i żywych, w tym przeszczepień od żywych dawców niespokrewnionych w ramach Programu Wymiany Par. 

Podsumowanie. Transplantacja nerek zapewnia chorym dłuższe przeżycie i lepszą jakość życia niż dializoterapia, dlatego jest metodą z wyboru w leczeniu schyłkowej niewydolności nerek.
Opieka pielęgniarska nad pacjentem w przebiegu marskości wątroby z wykorzystaniem ICNP®
Authors: Rybka Mariola , Krakowska Donata
Published: November 2021

Wstęp. Marskość wątroby to przewlekła choroba postępująca o charakterze bliznowacenia miąższu wątroby. Marskość wątroby jest postępującą i nieodwracalną chorobą prowadząca do jej niewydolności. Upośledzenie pracy wątroby prowadzi nieuchronnie do szeregu zmian w organizmie człowieka. Obecnie szacuje się, że około 60% pacjentów umiera w ciągu czterech lat od ustalenia rozpoznania niewydolności wątroby. Marskość wątroby obniża jakość życia powodując jednocześnie narastające problemy społeczne, psychiczne, zdrowotne i emocjonalne. Poważnym powikłaniem długotrwałego zatrucia, wynikającego z niewydolności wątroby, jest encefalopatia wątrobowa, która prowadzi do uszkodzenia mózgu.

Cel pracy. Celem pracy jest zastosowanie odpowiednich interwencji pielęgniarskich wobec pacjenta z marskością wątroby powstałą w skutek nadużywania alkoholu przebywającego w oddziale szpitalnym.

Prezentacja przypadku. 34-letni mężczyzna z marskością wątroby w okresie względnej wydolności wątroby powstałą w wyniku wieloletniego nadużywania alkoholu hospitalizowany w oddziale szpitalnym z powodu dekompensacji funkcji wątroby w postaci zażółcenia powłok skórnych, obrzęków podudzi, śladowego wodobrzusza oraz objawów płynu w jamie opłucnej prawej.

Wnioski. Całościowa opieka zapewniona ze strony personelu medycznego znacznie poprawiła stan ogólny oraz samopoczucie pacjenta, jednak wszystkie działania należy systematycznie realizować, by przeciwdziałać postępującemu procesowi niewydolności wątroby.
Wpływ pandemii Koronawirusa (COVID–19) na jakość życia rodziny i dziecka
Authors: Płoszaj Katarzyna Marianna , Kochman Dorota
Published: November 2021

Wstęp. W marcu 2020 roku cały świat rozpoczął walkę z nieznanym dotąd wrogiem – Koronawirusem SARS-CoV-2 zwanym także COVID-19. Sytuacja pandemii znacznie wpłynęła  na  funkcjonowanie rodziny.

Cel. Celem pracy jest analiza jakości życia dziecka i rodziny w dobie zaostrzeń związanych z pandemią Koronawirusa (COVID – 19).

Materiał i metody. Za pomocą metody sondażu diagnostycznego, przy użyciu ankiet własnego autorstwa badano jakość życia całej rodziny i dzieci w trakcie hospitalizacji w czasach pandemii. Procedurę badawczą przygotowano również na podstawie przeprowadzenia oryginalnej wersji kwestionariusza KIDSCREEN 27. Badanie przeprowadzono wśród 200 osób. Badani to dzieci i młodzież (100 osób) byli pacjentami Oddziału Dziecięcego Obserwacyjnego Specjalistycznego Szpitala Wojewódzkiego we Włocławku oraz grupa rodziców tych dzieci licząca 100 osób.

Wyniki. Za pomocą wymienionych powyżej narzędzi badawczych wykazano, że pandemia COVID-19 w badanej grupie wpływa negatywnie na każdy aspekt życia całej rodziny. Dochodzi do zaburzeń zdrowia fizycznego, psychicznego i relacji społecznych samego dziecka, a konsekwencji także jego najbliższych.

Wnioski. Jakość życia w rodzinie w dobie pandemii nabiera całkiem innego wymiaru. W wyniku restrykcji konieczne jest przeorganizowane życia w każdej sferze. Prowadzi to do szeregu negatywnych konsekwencji, a mianowicie pogorszeniu ulega zdrowie fizyczne nie tylko dziecka, ale też pozostałych członków rodziny, zdrowie psychiczne całej rodziny, a także dochodzi do zaburzenia umiejętności nawiązywania prawidłowych relacji społecznych.