bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti-cytokine agents for anhedonia: targeting inflammation and the immune system to treat dimensional disturbances in depression
Authors: Lee Yena , Subramaniapillai Mehala , Brietzke Elisa , Mansur Rodrigo B. , Ho Roger C. , Yim Samantha J. , McIntyre Roger S.
Published: November 2018

The etiology of mood disorders is mechanistically heterogeneous, underscoring the need for a dimensional approach to identify and develop targeted treatments in psychiatry. Accumulating evidence implicates inflammation as an important contributor to the pathophysiology of depression and presents the immune system as a viable therapeutic target that may be more proximate to the pathogenic nexus of brain-based disorders in specific subpopulations. Anhedonia is a transdiagnostic (e.g. Parkinson’s disease, diabetes mellitus, rheumatic diseases), yet specific, and clinically relevant symptom dimension subserved by well-characterized neurobiological and neurophysiological substrates of the positive valence systems (PVS). Brain circuits, nodes, and networks, as well as cellular and molecular pathways (e.g. dopaminergic transmission; excitotoxicity; synaptic plasticity), subserving anhedonia are preferentially affected by inflammatory processes. To our knowledge, no published randomized, controlled clinical trial in populations with mood disorders has, to date, primarily sought to determine the effects of an anti-inflammatory agent on PVS functions or pathophysiology. Three ongoing clinical trials aim to investigate the effects of anti-TNF-alpha biologic infliximab on measures of anhedonia [ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02363738], motivational behavior and circuitry [ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03006393], and glutamatergic changes in the basal ganglia [ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03004443] in clinical populations with unipolar or bipolar depression. Positive results would further instantiate the relevance of inflammatory processes and the immune system in the pathophysiology of mood disorders and provide the impetus to develop scalable treatments targeting inflammation and the immune system to mitigate transdiagnostic, dimensional disturbances in brain-based disorders.
Ground Motion Selection in the Near-Fault Region considering Directivity-Induced Pulse Effects
Authors: Tarbali Karim , Bradley Brendon A. , Baker Jack W.
Published: November 2018

This paper focuses on the selection of ground motions for seismic response analysis in the near-fault region, where directivity effects are significant. An approach is presented to consider forward directivity velocity pulse effects in seismic hazard analysis without separate hazard calculations for ‘pulse-like’ and ‘non-pulse-like’ ground motions, resulting in a single target hazard (at the site of interest) for ground motion selection. The ability of ground motion selection methods to appropriately select records that exhibit pulse-like ground motions in the near-fault region is then examined. Applications for scenario and probabilistic seismic hazard analysis cases are examined through the computation of conditional seismic demand distributions and the seismic demand hazard. It is shown that ground motion selection based on an appropriate set of intensity measures (IMs) will lead to ground motion ensembles with an appropriate representation of the directivity-included target hazard in terms of IMs, which are themselves affected by directivity pulse effects. This alleviates the need to specify the proportion of pulse-like motions and their pulse periods a priori as strict criteria for ground motion selection.
Evaluating Susceptibility to Pancreatic Cancer: ASCO Provisional Clinical Opinion
Authors: Stoffel Elena M. , McKernin Shannon E. , Brand Randall , Canto Marcia , Goggins Michael , Moravek Cassadie , Nagarajan Arun , Petersen Gloria M. , Simeone Diane M. , Yurgelun Matthew , Khorana Alok A.
Published: November 2018

Purpose

An ASCO provisional clinical opinion (PCO) offers timely clinical direction to ASCO’s membership and other health care providers. This PCO addresses identification and management of patients and family members with possible predisposition to pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Methods

ASCO convened an Expert Panel and conducted a systematic review of the literature published from January 1998 to June 2018. Results of the databases searched were supplemented with hand searching of the bibliographies of systematic reviews and selected seminal articles and contributions from Expert Panel members’ curated files.

Provisional Clinical Opinion

All patients diagnosed with pancreatic adenocarcinoma should undergo assessment of risk for hereditary syndromes known to be associated with an increased risk for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Assessment of risk should include a comprehensive review of family history of cancer. Individuals with a family history of pancreatic cancer affecting two first-degree relatives meet criteria for familial pancreatic cancer (FPC). Individuals (cancer affected or unaffected) with a family history of pancreatic cancer meeting criteria for FPC, those with three or more diagnoses of pancreatic cancer in same side of the family, and individuals meeting criteria for other genetic syndromes associated with increased risk for pancreatic cancer have an increased risk for pancreatic cancer and are candidates for genetic testing. Germline genetic testing for cancer susceptibility may be discussed with individuals diagnosed with pancreatic cancer, even if family history is unremarkable. Benefits and limitations of pancreatic cancer screening should be discussed with individuals whose family history meets criteria for FPC and/or genetic susceptibility to pancreatic cancer. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/gastrointestinal-cancer-guidelines .
Neuromuscular degeneration and locomotor deficit in a Drosophila model of mucopolysaccharidosis VII is attenuated by treatment with resveratrol
Authors: Bar Sudipta , Prasad Mohit , Datta Rupak
Published: November 2018

Mucopolysaccharidosis VII (MPS VII) is a recessively inherited lysosomal storage disorder caused by β-glucuronidase enzyme deficiency. The disease is characterized by widespread accumulation of non-degraded or partially degraded glycosaminoglycans, leading to cellular and multiple tissue dysfunctions. The patients exhibit diverse clinical symptoms, and eventually succumb to premature death. The only possible remedy is the recently approved enzyme replacement therapy, which is an expensive, invasive and lifelong treatment procedure. Small-molecule therapeutics for MPS VII have so far remained elusive primarily due to lack of molecular insights into the disease pathogenesis and unavailability of a suitable animal model that can be used for rapid drug screening. To address these issues, we developed a Drosophila model of MPS VII by knocking out the CG2135 gene, the fly β-glucuronidase orthologue. The CG2135−/− fly recapitulated cardinal features of MPS VII, such as reduced lifespan, progressive motor impairment and neuropathological abnormalities. Loss of dopaminergic neurons and muscle degeneration due to extensive apoptosis was implicated as the basis of locomotor deficit in this fly. Such hitherto unknown mechanistic links have considerably advanced our understanding of the MPS VII pathophysiology and warrant leveraging this genetically tractable model for deeper enquiry about the disease progression. We were also prompted to test whether phenotypic abnormalities in the CG2135−/− fly can be attenuated by resveratrol, a natural polyphenol with potential health benefits. Indeed, resveratrol treatment significantly ameliorated neuromuscular pathology and restored normal motor function in the CG2135−/− fly. This intriguing finding merits further preclinical studies for developing an alternative therapy for MPS VII.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Electrolytic Cross-Coupling of Arenediazonium Salts and Heteroarenes
Authors: Hata Dai , Tobisu Mamoru , Amaya Toru
Published: November 2018

The cathodic reduction-induced cross-coupling of arenediazonium salts and heteroarenes was employed to prepare heterobiaryl derivatives. This reaction is attractive because it allows the direct arylation of an aromatic C-H bond in a heteroarene derivative. A radical chain mechanism appears to be involved.
Impact of modern radiotherapy techniques on survival outcomes for unselected patients with large volume non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Shrimali Raj Kumar , Chakraborty Santam , Prasath Sriram , Arun B , Chatterjee Sanjoy
Published: November 2018

Objective:

Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is used, where necessary, for bulky or complex-shaped, locally advanced, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We evaluate our real-world experience with radical radiotherapy including concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT), and analyse the impact of IMRT on survival outcomes in patients with larger volume disease.

Methods:

All patients treated between May 2011 and December 2017 were included. Analyses were conducted for factors affecting survival, including large volume disease that was defined as planning target volume (PTV) > 500 cc.

Results:

In 184 patients with large volume disease, the median overall survival was 19.2 months, compared to 22 months seen with the overall cohort of 251 patients who received radical radiotherapy. PTV and using CCRT were significant predictors for survival. IMRT was used in 93 (50.5%) of 184 patients with large PTV. The patients treated using IMRT had significantly larger disease volume (median PTV = 859 vs 716 cc; p-value = 0.009) and more advanced stage (proportion of Stage IIIB: 56 vs 29%; p-value = 0.003) compared to patients treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy. Yet, the outcomes with IMRT were non-inferior to those treated with 3DCRT. CCRT was used in 103 (56%) patients with large volume disease and resulted in a significantly better median survival of 24.9 months. The proportional benefit from CCRT was also greater than in the overall cohort.

Conclusion:

Despite being used for larger volume and more advanced NSCLC, inverse-planned IMRT resulted in non-inferior survival.

Advances in knowledge:

IMRT enables the safe use of curative CCRT for large-volume, locally-advanced NSCLC.
gganatogram: An R package for modular visualisation of anatograms and tissues based on ggplot2
Authors: Maag Jesper L.V.
Published: November 2018

Displaying data onto anatomical structures is a convenient technique to quickly observe tissue related information. However, drawing tissues is a complex task that requires both expertise in anatomy and the arts. While web based applications exist for displaying gene expression on anatograms, other non-genetic disciplines lack similar tools. Moreover, web based tools often lack the modularity associated with packages in programming languages, such as R.

Here I present gganatogram, an R package used to plot modular species anatograms based on a combination of the graphical grammar of ggplot2 and the publicly available anatograms from the Expression Atlas. This combination allows for quick and easy, modular, and reproducible generation of anatograms. Using only one command and a data frame with tissue name, group, colour, and  value, this tool enables the user to visualise specific human and mouse tissues with desired colours, grouped by a variable, or displaying a desired value, such as gene-expression, pharmacokinetics, or bacterial load across selected tissues. gganatogram consists of 5 highly annotated organisms, male/female human/mouse, and a cell anatogram. It further consists of 24 other less annotated organisms from the animal and plant kingdom. I hope that this tool will be useful by the wider community in biological sciences. Community members are welcome to submit additional anatograms, which can be incorporated into the package.

A stable version gganatogram has been deposited toneuroconductor, and a development version can be found on github/jespermaag/gganatogram. An interactive shiny app of gganatogram can be found on https://jespermaag.shinyapps.io/gganatogram/, which allows for non-R users to create anatograms.
Monitoring a pulse in adults
Authors: Allan Jaden , Sheppard Karen
Published: November 2018

Jaden Allan, Senior Lecturer in Adult Nursing, Northumbria University ( jaden.allan@northumbria.ac.uk ) and Karen Sheppard, Sister, Critical Care, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, provide a how-to guide on taking a pulse in adult patients
Best interest versus advance decisions to refuse treatment in advance care planning for neurodegenerative illness
Authors: Lennard Chris
Published: November 2018

This article describes the role of nurses assisting people with degenerative illness in advance care planning (ACP) for a time when they may lose decision-making capacity. It looks at the concept of advance decisions to refuse treatment (ADRT), as defined in the Mental Capacity Act 2005 , exploring the legal, ethical and philosophical ramifications of carrying out, or overriding, formerly expressed wishes of someone who has subsequently lost decision-making capacity. It uses an illustrative composite case study of an individual with Huntington's disease whose prognosis includes future deterioration in swallowing, together with consideration of whether to have or refuse a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. The author, who as part of his role cares for people with neurodegenerative conditions, including Huntington's disease, discusses the difficulties and dilemmas that nurses experience with ADRTs, drawing on personal experience. He suggests that, rather than focusing on ADRTs, ACP may be most effective in preparing people and their surrogates to make real-time decisions, based on a shared understanding of the individual's values.
Improving end-of-life care
Authors: Scammell Janet
Published: November 2018

Janet Scammell, Associate Professor (Nursing), Bournemouth University, considers the importance of education in ensuring nurses have the knowledge and skills to deliver person-centred care at the end of life
The final NMC standards for the education of nursing associates
Authors: Glasper Alan
Published: November 2018

Emeritus Professor Alan Glasper, from the University of Southampton, discusses the recently published set of educational standards for the training of nursing associates in England
The right to aftercare: identifying the responsible bodies
Authors: Griffith Richard
Published: November 2018

In the second article on the right to aftercare under the Mental Health Act 1983 , section 117, Richard Griffith considers the identification of the body responsible and whether patients can be charged for their aftercare.
Solving the ‘stranded patient’ problem
Authors: Foster Sam
Published: November 2018

Sam Foster, Chief Nurse, Oxford University Hospitals, explains the steps being taken to improve collaboration between health and social care in her trust area to ensure patients are sent home promptly and safely
The experiences of family caregivers providing palliative cancer care in Thailand
Authors: Wannapornsiri Chommanard
Published: November 2018

Background:

Family caregivers have a significant role in Thai healthcare, taking on responsibilities of health professionals. The purpose of this research was to explore Thai family caregivers' experiences of providing palliative cancer care.

Methods:

This qualitative study took a phenomenological approach. In-depth interviews were conducted with 14 family caregivers aged 33–72 years in a regional hospital in the north of Thailand. The data was analysed using Colaizzi's phenomenological approach. Rigour was established by following Lincoln and Guba's guidelines for qualitative research.

Findings:

The experiences of Thai family caregivers providing palliative cancer care could be categorised into four themes: caring as a team; caring as supportive care; taking care to keep patients happy; and caring for the self while looking after a relative.

Conclusion:

Health professionals can support family caregivers to deliver the best care for cancer patients and to help them decrease their stress. This study discusses ways how this may be done.
Newly qualified health visitor: The power of supportive teamwork in practice
Authors: Bewick Jessica
Published: November 2018

With turbulent times set to continue for the NHS, Jessica Bewick considers how a supportive team can help health visitors feel valued and able to work under pressure
Cervical cancer screening
Authors: Noakes Amy
Published: November 2018

Health visitors have an essential role in educating women about the national cervical screening programme, including reasons for screening, the testing process and the potential outcomes, says Amy Noakes
A restorative approach
Authors: Forbes Lisa
Published: November 2018

Lisa Forbes discusses how her work as a practice development lead has highlighted the effectiveness of restorative practice as a means of working with families to ensure sustainable change
Midwifery students' experiences in a health visiting placement: An interview study
Authors: Brook Judy , Rayment Juliet , Bryar Rosamund M , Olander Ellinor
Published: November 2018

In the UK, there is a clear remit for midwives and health visitors to work collaboratively to care for pregnant women and new mothers. This study evaluated a clinical placement for midwifery students with health visitor mentors. The evaluation explored the experience of mentors and students during the placement, the effect on their understanding of the different roles and the potential effect on collaborative working in the future. Results indicated that students developed their knowledge of the health visitor role and learned transferable skills to take back to midwifery. They saw little collaborative practice, but identified ways to incorporate interprofessional working into their practice once qualified. Mentors were positive about sharing health visiting practice and the potential impact on relationships in the future.
The impact of health visitor prescribing and advice on parent/carer use of GP services
Authors: Muncey Rachel
Published: November 2018

Around 95% of health visitors are qualified as community practitioner nurse prescribers. Despite research demonstrating the benefits of nurse prescribing in general, there is a lack of evidence regarding the impact of health visitors' prescribing. This article explores whether there is an association between parents/carers of children under 5 who receive prescriptions or medicines advice by a health visitor and GP attendances. Cross-sectional surveys were delivered in health visitor clinics and the results showed that, for those who received advice from a health visitor, the majority did not access the GP for the same issue. They had high levels of satisfaction with advice and prescriptions given, with the most common reason for not attending the GP being that health visitors had already addressed the issue. Health visitors were perceived as helpful and trustworthy, and easier and more convenient to access than GPs.
Sepsis in adults: Recognition and treatment in clinical guidelines
Authors: Sevillano-Barbero Manuel
Published: November 2018

Sepsis is a potentially fatal condition, causing approximately five deaths every hour in the UK. However, new research is being published and guidelines are continually being updated—making it vital for general practice nurses to stay up-to-date with the latest developments

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition. It is responsible for the majority of deaths in intensive care units worldwide, however, its pathophysiology is still not well understood. Over the past 2 decades, sepsis has been defined several times; the most recent was the Third International Consensus Definition for Sepsis and Septic Shock in 2016. It is becoming a ‘hot topic’ in healthcare—different organisations, such as the UK Sepsis Trust, are working towards raising awareness of sepsis and the importance of early recognition in improving outcomes. This subsequently led to the publication of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence clinical guidelines for sepsis in 2016, updated in 2017. This article will explore the history of the definition of sepsis; the most updated protocols for early recognition and treatment; and the Sepsis Six. It will conclude with a list of relevant online resources available, in order to aid clinicians in their daily practice.
Modeling and optimization of experimental parameters in the treatment of effluents by coagulation-flocculation processes: Methodology of experimental design
Authors: Arroub Hanane hanane , El Harfi Ahmed
Published: November 2018

The objective of this study is to determine the optimal conditions of the operational parameters: type of flocculant (chitosan(s) and ferrocryl®8723), dose of flocculant (0.1g/L at 0.5g/L) and pH (6 to 9) in the treatment of hot dip galvanizing effluents using coagulation/flocculation processes. The optimization of these parameters is done by the methodology of experimental design which allowed us to predict the optimal conditions. The concerned results, especially the theoretical operating parameters, allowed us to give a better reduction of the TSS, BOD5 and COD in the optimal conditions namely: the pH of about 9, the type of flocculant is chitosan(s) with a dose of 0.2g/L.
Family violence risk, migration status and ‘vulnerability’: hearing the voices of immigrant women
Authors: Maher JaneMaree , Segrave Marie
Published: November 2018

In this paper, we draw on accounts of family violence risk offered by women from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities living in Victoria Australia, and examine how women’s migration and experiences of difference impact on the risks they face from family violence. Women in refugee and immigrant communities are often understood as experiencing additional barriers and vulnerabilities when they face family violence; implicitly creating a deficit model of vulnerability attached to women’s intersectional marginalization particularly in terms of migration and service regimes.

Yet when we focus on women’s own accounts of risk and safety, we argue that the ‘vulnerabilities’ these women experience are in fact predominantly created by service and legislative regimes that operate in terms of gender and migration. Rather than assuming that such vulnerabilities are inherent for women from CALD communities, we need to better recognise women’s own assessments of risk and their searches for safety. Service and legislative responses that can support rather than inhibit women’s efforts to secure their own safety are critical.
Misogyny online: extending the boundaries of hate crime
Authors: Lewis Ruth , Rowe Michael , Wiper Clare
Published: November 2018

GBV has generated interventions from activists and scholars throughout Europe and beyond. As a newly emerging form of GBV, online abuse has to date generated fewer interventions and conceptual discussions. The article argues that this is partly because this is an emerging issue but also because it poses distinct challenges because it has no national boundaries and because it challenges traditional notions of public and private space.

Drawing on survey and interview data with women abused online further to participation in feminist activism, the paper develops debates about responses to misogynistic abuse. The paper considers whether online misogynistic abuse is a form of hate crime. Using existing literature, three dimensions of hate crime are identified: the nature of motivation, exclusionary intent, and spatial context. In respect of each, the findings presented here suggest that this abuse could be a form of hate crime. There are difficulties in respect of each, and anomalies are identified. However, these are of no greater magnitude than those which apply more widely to other forms of hate crime.
Interplay between Rapid Diagnostic Tests and Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs among Patients with Bloodstream and Other Severe Infections
Authors: Beganovic Maya , McCreary Erin K , Mahoney Monica V , Dionne Brandon , Green Daniel A , Timbrook Tristan T
Published: November 2018

Background

Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) aim to provide optimal antimicrobial therapy to patients quickly to improve the likelihood of overcoming infection while reducing the risk of adverse effects. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for infectious diseases have become an integral tool for ASPs to achieve these aims.

Content

This review explored the demonstrated clinical value of longer-standing technologies and implications of newer RDTs from an antimicrobial stewardship perspective. Based on available literature, the focus was on the use of RDTs in bloodstream infections (BSIs), particularly those that perform organism identification and genotypic resistance detection, phenotypic susceptibility testing, and direct specimen testing. Clinical implications of rapid testing among respiratory, central nervous system, and gastrointestinal infections are also reviewed.

Coupling RDTs with ASPs facilitates the appropriate and timely use of test results, translating into improved patient outcomes through optimization of antimicrobial use. These benefits are best demonstrated in the use of RDT in BSIs. Rapid phenotypic susceptibility testing offers the potential for early pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic optimization, and direct specimen testing on blood may allow ASPs to initiate appropriate therapy and/or tailor empiric therapy even sooner than other RDTs. RDTs for respiratory, central nervous system, and gastrointestinal illnesses have also shown significant promise, although more outcome studies are needed to evaluate their full impact.
Rapid Rule Out of Culture-Negative Bloodstream Infections by Use of a Novel Approach to Universal Detection of Bacteria and Fungi
Authors: Rogers Andrew J , Lockhart Daniel S , Clarke Rebecca , Bennett Helen V , Kadoom Yassar , Turner James E , Dryden Matthew , Crow Matthew A
Published: November 2018

Background

Currently it can take up to 5 days to rule out bloodstream infection. With the low yield of blood cultures (approximately 10%), a significant number of patients are potentially exposed to inappropriate therapy that can lead to adverse events. More rapid rule out can accelerate deescalation or cessation of antimicrobial therapy, improving patient outcomes.

Methods

A method is described, termed enzymatic template generation and amplification (ETGA), that universally and sensitively detects DNA polymerase activity liberated from viable bacteria and fungi isolated from blood culture samples as a measure of bloodstream infection. ETGA was applied in a diagnostic test format to identify negative blood cultures after an overnight incubation. Performance data for a prototype (Cognitor) and automated (Magnitor) version of the test are presented.

Results

The Cognitor manual assay displayed analytical reactivity for a panel of the 20 most prevalent causes of bloodstream infection, with a detection range of 28–9050 CFU/mL. Validation with 1457 clinical blood cultures showed a negative predictive value of 99.0% compared to blood culture incubation for 5 days. Magnitor showed an improved detection range of 1–67 CFU/mL, allowing for detection of bacteria-supplemented blood cultures after 2–8 h incubation, and Candida albicans-supplemented blood cultures at 16–22 h, 5–15 h faster than blood culture. Removing an aliquot from a blood culture bottle and replacing the bottle into the incubator was shown not to result in contaminating organisms being introduced.

Conclusions

The described method displays excellent breadth and detection for microbial cells and demonstrates the capability of confirming negative blood cultures after an overnight incubation in a blood culture instrument.
1960s surfsploitation films: Sex, the bikini and the active female body
Authors: Ormrod Joan
Published: November 2018

From 1959 to 1966, approximately 66 Hollywood films were produced to exploit the surfing craze. Surfsploitation, the surf craze of the early 1960s, crossed music, comics, television, advertising and films. Films, especially, focused on the importance of the bikini in their promotion. The bikini, a liminal piece of clothing, conceals and yet reveals the naked body. The film’s producers emphasized the appeal of the bikini in the films’ cross-media promotion, which promised sex but delivered inane plots, dependent on comedy, pop music and fantasy for their continuing appeal. In the early 1960s the bikini was perceived as an erotic item of clothing from Europe. To appeal to American perceptions of the garment, in fashion and consumerism it was repackaged as related to sport and fun for the female teenage body. Comparing promotional and advertising materials of consumer culture with that of the films, this article explores how the bikini articulated notions of the active yet passive female body in this era on the cusp between the reactionary 1950s and the emergence of second-wave feminism of the late 1960s. Although the promotion from the films promised sex, they were highly moral. Yet the representations of the active female body in the films and their promotional materials reveal the debates around female agency for the early 1960s, an era when girls had to negotiate the societal demands of the reactionary 1950s with the demands placed upon women by second-wave feminism of the later 1960s.
Go-go dancing – femininity, individualism and anxiety in the 1960s
Authors: Gregory Georgina
Published: November 2018

Mainly performed by young women at nightclubs and discotheques, go-go dancing was a high-energy, free-form, dance style of the 1960s. Go-go dancers were employed to entertain crowds and to create a ‘cool’ ambience, wearing very revealing outfits including mini dresses, short-fringed skirts, tank tops, tight shorts and calflength boots. The dance style soon reached mainstream media platforms such as the US television show Hullabaloo and ABC’s Shindig, where girls could be seen suspended in clear plastic cages above the dancefloor. Before the Second World War partner dancing was the norm and social dance typically involved close physical contact, often as part of traditional courtship ritual. Moreover, most of the earlier dances required men to take the lead and to physically guide their female partner. A striking characteristic of go-go was the fact that girls usually danced alone, sometimes placed on podiums and often separate from the crowd. In this respect, go-go dancing can be viewed as an extreme extension of a growing trend towards solo dancing. The article explains how go-go dancing could be seen as reflecting social changes occurring during the 1960s, a time when gradual loss of faith in traditional sources of social guidance – religion, government, marriage – saw the rise of greater individualism. Women’s growing emancipation and a move towards selfdirection were embodied by go-go dancers, whose free style movements and rejection of formal steps metaphorically embody the dilemma of a generation of women facing an uncertain future.
Media coverage of child rights issues in Uganda: The case of The New Vision
Authors: Ashaba Ivan , Agaba Marlon
Published: November 2018

Despite having a robust child protection framework and a burgeoning media, child rights abuse still occurs in Uganda. This takes the form of child neglect, defilement, torture, trafficking. The researchers set out to investigate media coverage of child rights issues in Uganda. A triangulation of methods was used, and as will be shown later, reporting on child rights abuses is not systematic due to fragmentation of actors. The researchers found out that 185 child abuse stories were published in The New Vision in 2015. Most of the published stories were from the country’s capital – Kampala. The other obstacles to effective child rights reporting identified are as follows: concentration of reporters in urban areas, lack of special training in child rights reporting and commercial interests of media houses. The researchers recommend recruiting and training journalists to specifically report on issues of child rights and empowering upcountry reporters where many cases are committed.
Social networking and mobile phone usage of East African students in Malaysia
Authors: Wanda Judith Flora Etabale , Nair Govindan Velaithan , Periayya Thinavan , Wilson Sharon
Published: November 2018

With the current development in technology, mobile phones have become progressively more popular as they are one of the frequently used means of communication that people rely on because of their features. While people find mobile phones convenient and useful, international students in foreign countries tend to appreciate them more and are more dependent on them in order to maintain their social networks. The literature states that students from East Africa carry along their own culture with them, making it difficult for them to accept and adapt to the new culture easily. This includes meeting face to face in small areas and groups where friendships are formed through frequent interaction. Based on a survey conducted in various private universities in the Klang Valley where foreign students of East African origin are studying, students’ mobile phone use for social networking was examined. The results showed that there was a positive significant relationship between variables such as interaction, interpersonal communication and social networking for maintenance of social network; however, there was no significant difference in mobile phone dependency for social networking among university students of East African origin and the duration of stay in Malaysia. Although they may be unable to interact in person, social networking proved useful to strengthen relationships that already exist and enhanced the feelings of closeness to others. As technology has advanced, there have been adjustments in the users’ attitudes towards particular technologies, hence this has generated new social and cultural phenomena. This phenomenon has in a way changed the way mobile phones evolve as they represent social construction of technology. This social construction of the mobile phone is seen in the symbiotic relationship between the users of the technology. Users such as these students respond to the advancement of technologies such as mobile phones, which in turn has seen them develop social and cultural changes.
Film Review
Authors: Signorelli Valentina
Published: November 2018

The making of Where is Europe? directed by Valentina Signorelli (Italy, 2018): A reflective film review
Eye Heart Theory: Not to be taken lightly
Authors: Paxman Adam
Published: November 2018

This visual essay criticizes the notion that illustration education and practice without intellectual engagement, theory or inquiry can exist. Whilst providing a humorous yet sincere rebuttal of this stance, Eye Heart Theory advocates the sublime importance of theory in art, design and visual communication curricula from several perspectives – those of the professional illustration practitioner, Contextual Studies lecturer and personal practice as research experimenter. Drawing on diverse secondary sources including Crow, Heller and Chwast, Lupton, Lynch, Male, Maslow, McLuhan and Fiore, O’Shaughnessy, Poynor and Zeegen and Roberts, Eye Heart Theory analyses the role of the illustration educator in fostering autonomous learning, creative thinking and cognitive skills within undergraduates and future design professionals. Presented as a visually dense information burst and impassioned commentary on the topic incorporating lateral references to popular culture and visualizations of illustrative, theoretical and semiotic devices, Eye Heart Theory is not designed to persuade or interpolate but rather challenge the reader to think about and question the content as a conscious critical observer in much the same manner as a theatrical work featuring verfremdungseffekt – alienation or distancing technique – by playwright Bertolt Brecht.
Creativity assessments
Authors: Crean Orla
Published: November 2018

This article outlines a variety of definitions for creativity within the context of an art education, specifically exploring a range of different teaching approaches to create an awareness of creativity as process, and a skill that can be learnt alongside traditional art teaching. It investigates the systems and environments by which creativity is best enhanced, whilst acknowledging the current parameters or restrictions within the traditional secondary art classroom. Consideration has been given to the future international assessments on creativity, a positive move that appears to be at odds with the United Kingdom’s latest academic measures of secondary school success. This research has been motivated by the belief that an arts education should be at the forefront of teaching creativity, recognizing its importance for students now and for their futures whilst re-establishing the value of an arts education for all students.
Aliphatic Halogenated Hydrocarbons: Report and Analysis of Liver Injury in 60 Patients
Authors: Teschke Rolf
Published: November 2018

Background and Aims: Intoxications by aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons (AHH), used as effective solvents, are rare and may cause life-threatening liver injury. Patients with acute intoxications by AHH received an innovative treatment. Methods: Analyzed were data of 60 patients intoxicated by AHH, such as dichloromethane (n = 3), chloroform (n = 2), carbon tetrachloride (n = 12), 1,2-dichloroethane (n = 18), 1,1,2-trichloroethane (n = 2), trichloroethylene (n = 2), tetrachloroethylene (n = 13) or mixed AHH chemicals (n = 8), who received a new treatment consisting of CO2-induced hyperventilation to accelerate toxin removal via the lungs. Results: Added to the inspiration air at a flow rate of 2–3 Liter min−1, CO2 increased the respiratory volume up to 25–30 Liter min−1, ensuring forced AHH exhalation. This CO2-induced hyperventilation therapy was commonly well tolerated by the 60 patients and lasted for 106.0±10.5 hours. In most cases, initially increased liver test results of aminotransferases normalized quickly under the therapy, and liver histology obtained at completion of the therapy revealed, in the majority of patients, normal findings or fatty changes, and rarely severe single cell necrosis but no confluent liver cell necrosis. Despite therapy, clinical outcome was unfavorable for 4/60 patients (6.7%) of the study cohort, due to single or combined risk factors. These included late initiation of the CO2-induced hyperventilation therapy, intentional intoxication, uptake of high amounts of AHH, concomitant ingestion of overdosed drugs, consumption of high amounts of alcohol, and history of alcohol abuse. Conclusions: For intoxications by AHH, effective therapy approaches including forced hyperventilation to increase toxin removal via the lungs are available and require prompt initiation.
Conjuring Ghosts of the Past: Landscapes and Hauntings in Jane Urquhart’s The Stone Carvers
Authors: Handley Agata
Published: November 2018

Jane Urquhart’s novelThe Stone Carvers(2001) portrays the struggles of a community of German immigrants in the nineteenth century, as they attempt to settle in Western Ontario; it also includes a fictionalized account of the construction of the Canadian National Vimy Memorial1(for First World War Canadian dead, and missing, presumed dead, in France). The article explores the issues of dealing with loss, and re-living the past, which are interwoven by Urquhart into a larger narrative, forming an ongoing meditation on the experience of ‘in-betweenness’— transgressing not only spatial, but also temporal boundaries— and incorporating individual and communal histories as they are passed on through generations. The lives of Urquhart’s characters are marked by the ambivalence of belonging— the experience of having more than one homeland, in more than one landscape. They are haunted by lost places, and by the memory of people who perished as a result of war, or who they left behind in the course of their own personal journey. The article explores the issue of ‘landscape biography’, and also examines Urquhart’s employment of the literary topoi of nekuia/katabasis (i.e., encounters with the dead). It demonstrates how the confrontation with the past becomes, in the novel, a prerequisite for regeneration of the present, and the establishment of the future.
Sonic Spectres: Word Ghosts in Madeleine Thien’s Dogs at the Perimeter and the Digital Map Project, ‘Fictional Montreal/Montréal fictif’
Authors: Morgan Ceri
Published: November 2018

This article analyzes various ghosts and their connections with the unsaid and said in relation to Madeleine Thien’sDogs at the Perimeter(2011) and the digital map project, ‘Fictional Montreal/Montréal fictif’ (Morgan and Lichti, 2016–17). Drawing on Jacques Derrida’s work on spectres, it suggests that Thien’s novel offers both negative and positive hauntings, by drawing attention to the far-reaching effects of the Cambodian genocide. It goes on to reflect on absence and presence, voice and body in relation to the digital map, which features recordings of authors reading extracts of their fiction set in Montréal. Arguing that ‘Fictional Montreal/Montréal fictif’ performs an interplay between material and imaginary geographies, the article proposes that the map offers the possibility of new conceptualizations of Montréal. In so doing, it argues that both it andDogs at the Perimeterembrace the potentially utopian aspect of spectrality identified by Derrida. This is due to their encouraging readers to think about our collective responsibilities to each other in a world characterized by mobility and migration.
The Hauntings of Canada in Michael Crummey’s Sweetland
Authors: Polić Vanja
Published: November 2018

In Michael Crummey’s novelSweetland(2014), which belongs to the genre of Canadian Gothic, ghosts function as warnings and reminders on a broader cultural and national level. The article analyzes different kinds of hauntings in the novel to show how they emphasize the notions of belonging to a local community and specific location, to alert to the disappearance of the traditional ways of life and the importance of cultural memory for the survival of a comprehensive and diversified Canadian identity. The hauntings include: ‘typical’ ghosts haunting individual characters; workings of capital and national consolidation, which are shown haunting the local community (serving as a synecdoche of the Newfoundland region); hauntings of disappeared local communities in the impersonal national construct of Canadian culture (cultural mosaic); hauntings which emphasize notions of belonging to and emplacement into Canada’s Atlantic region; the haunting of the unrecordable quality of lived experience in such a community; and the inevitability of the book to be a record of absence as well as warning of that absence. The article discusses and postulates hauntings as a strategy of resistance against historical amnesia, but also as testaments to belonging.
Memorial Traces as Tropes of Postcolonial Hauntings in Robert Lalonde’s Sept Lacs plus au Nord and Nina Bouraoui’s Mes mauvaises pensées
Authors: Bolfek-Radovani Jasmina
Published: November 2018

This article is a comparative analysis of the language of memory in two auto-fictional narratives by two postcolonial francophone authors of mixed background, belonging to the area of Québec (Robert Lalonde) and Algeria (Nina Bouraoui). It will be argued that both authors seek to deconstruct the binary relationship of the spaces and identities they each belong to (white-Amerindian for Robert Lalonde vs. Franco-Algerian for Nina Bouraoui) through a specific poetics of writing or language of memory. At the same time, they each return cyclically in their writing to the postcolonial spaces, memories and histories of their respective non-Western cultures, as if ‘haunted’ by these spaces. Using the method of close textual reading in a comparative postcolonial francophone context, the article aims to show how the language of memory is deployed in the two narratives chosen. It demonstrates that both authors use the figure of the memorial trace as a trope of haunting in order to construct that language. It concludes that the figures of memory identified in the two texts analyzed give rise to a series of ‘postcolonial hauntings’ producing a postcolonial discourse of ambiguity rather than resistance.
Examining perceived self-regulation beliefs of pre-service music teachers in musical instrument practice
Authors: Topoğlu Onur , Erden Topoğlu Evin
Published: November 2018

The aim of this study is to investigate whether there are significant differences between perceived self-regulation beliefs of pre-service music teachers in their instrument practice and their genders, ages, universities, hours of daily practice, instruments and their career goals.  Also under investigation is the correlation between perceived self-regulation beliefs of pre-service music teachers and their academic achievement scores of their principal instrument lessons. The study is a quantitative descriptive study. Participants of the study consisted of 249 pre-service music teachers (F=131; M=118). The participants were receiving education from the universities that are found in the western part of Turkey. Criterion sampling was used for the study. The Self-Regulation in Instrumental Practice Scale (Özmenteş, 2007) and a personal information form were used as data collection tools. The results showed that there are significant differences between levels of perceived self-regulation beliefs of participants and their career goals and the time they spent on instrument practice. Also discovered was a small positive significant correlation between perceived self-regulation beliefs of participants and their academic achievement scores on instrument practice/performance. The results were discussed in the light of the literature.
Authors, Inventors and Entrepreneurs: Intellectual Property and Actors of Extraction
Authors: Fredriksson Martin
Published: November 2018

The ideas and ideals of authorship and the discourse on property rights that emerged in parallel since the 18thcentury have come to form the bedrock of copyright law. Critical copyright scholars argue that this construction of authorship and ownership contributes to individualisation and privatisation of artistic works that disregards the collective aspects of creativity. It also embodies a certain kind of authorial character-or “author function” as Michel Foucault puts it-imbued with racial and gendered powers and privileges. While the gendered and racialised biases of intellectual property rights are well documented within copyright research, the commodification of ideas and cultural expressions relies on individualisation of creativity that is significant not only to the cultural economy but also to the 20th-century notion of the entrepreneur as the protagonist of capitalism. This article relates the idea of the entrepreneur to the deconstruction of authorship that was initiated by Foucault and Roland Barthes in the late 1960s, and the critique of an author-centred IPR regime developed by law scholars in the 1990s. It asks if and how the deconstruction of the author as a cultural and ideological persona that underpins the privatisation of immaterial resources can help us understand the construction and function of the entrepreneur in extractive capitalism.