bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment Options for Problematic Internet Use
Authors: Dell’Osso B.
Published: August 2023

Research investigating interventions for problematic usage of the Internet (PUI) remains at an early stage but is steadily developing. In terms of therapies assessed through randomized clinical trials, literature suggests that cognitive behavioral therapy may be the most effective intervention but definitive statements as to its benefits need more testing. In relation to pharmacological treatments for PUI, studies have largely examined the efficacy of agents such as antidepressants and stimulants with a potential therapeutic effect of escitalopram, bupropion, methylphenidate, and atomoxetine. Another emerging form of potentially useful treatment involves non-invasive neurostimulation techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation. These interventions are thought to mediate their effect in PUI via stimulation of cortical brain cells and modification of their related functions. In summary, although the limited available treatment evidence includes some promising findings, there is a need for higher-quality research to develop best practice guidelines and determine cost-effective options in PUI treatment. The presentation will provide a state-of the-art overview in the field of therapeutics for PUI.

Disclosure of Interest

B. Dell’osso Grant / Research support from: LivaNova, Inc., Angelini, and Lundbeck
Clinical improvement of teens participating in a dbt skills training
Authors: Ezquiaga Bravo I. , Rodríguez A. M. , Vilar A. , Salvador A. , Biempica M. , García K. M. , Martín L. M. , Batlle S.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Dialectical behavioural therapy (DBT) developed by Linehan has been shown to be widely effective in improving emotional regulation capacity in patients diagnosed with borderline personality disorder in adults and adolescents, but also for other profiles of emotional dysregulation, even in the general non-clinical population through emotional regulation skills training programs in schools.

Objectives

The objective was to describe psychopathological characteristics and to evaluate clinical outcome variables (self-harm, suicide attempts, admissions and emotional regulation difficulties) in young patients who participated in the DBT skills training group carried out by the child and adolescent psychiatry team of Hospital del Mar (Barcelona) between February 2020 and April 2022.

Methods

Prospective longitudinal study with two evaluations (before starting the group and after finishing it). The clinical variables were evaluated by reviewing the medical records, and the improvement in emotional regulation difficulties was evaluated through the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) adaptation to adolescents before and after the intervention.

Results

A total of 36 participants have been referred and assessed to participate in the previously mentioned emotional regulation program. The mean age was 15.6 years (14-17 years old). 100% of the participants were female. All of them met criteria for BPD according to the SCID-II questionnaire; but only 23 patients (63.9%) had BPD as their main diagnosis. 63.9% (n=23) presented psychiatric comorbidities, being 27.8% (n= 10) ADHD, 30.6% (n= 11) substance use disorder and 47.2% (n= 17) eating disorders,

77.8% (n=28) had presented self-injurious behaviour, 52% (n=18) had committed a suicide attempt, requiring hospital admission in 36.2% (n=13) at some point in their lives before the therapy group. In the three months after the end of the group, admissions were reduced to 17% (n=6), suicide attempts to 14.8% (n=5) and non-suicidal self-injurious behaviours to 27.8% (n=10).

The mean score of all participants on the DERS scale was 129.91 points before participating in the DBT skills group and 105 points right after the group finished. Higher scores translate into greater emotional regulation difficulties.

Conclusions

The reduction in DERS scores, self-injurious behaviours, suicide attempts, and admissions was notable for all participants. It remains to add the results of the groups currently in operation and perform the statistical analysis of all the results. It is necessary to continue studying and testing the benefits of DBT both in the clinical adolescent population and in the general child and adolescent population in order to generalize the promising results observed in our sample. At Hospital del Mar, we will continue to expand the DBT program so that more children and adolescents with emotional dysregulation can benefit.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Problematic video game use in adolescents and psychosocial functioning
Authors: Belabbes I. , Douk K. , Elmaataoui Z. , Kisra H.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Video gaming is an extremely popular leisure activity, with over two billion users worldwide (Newzoo, 2017).

Nevertheless, excessive video game playing exposes to potential dangers. The WHO reminds us that “every gamer should be aware of the time spent on games, especially if their daily activities are affected, as well as any physical or psychological, social and health changes that could be attributed to gaming behaviour.”

Objectives

The aim of our study is to analyse the frequency of video game use, and to determine its relationship with psychological and social functioning and academic performance.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in the child psychiatry department at Arrazi Hospital in Salé among adolescents aged between 10 and 17 years.

For this, we used:

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A hetero-questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics, reasons for gambling, type of gambling, satisfaction, self-esteem, ability to make friends and degree of social support, and school results

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The DSM 5 criteria proposed in the appendix for the research

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The K-SADS

Results

Socio-demographic data

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Our study was carried out on a sample of 57 adolescents aged between 10 and 17 years, with an average age of 13.47.

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There was a predominance of males:

Boys: 87.5 , Girls: 17.5

All the adolescents are in school:

Primary 26.3

Middle school 59.6

High school 14 %

Social functioning and academic performance

-

54.4% reported having both real and virtual friends, 29.8% specified that all their friends are virtual, And 15.8% noted that they have no friends

-

Academic decline was noted by the parents of 61.1% of adolescents Psychological functioning

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68.4% reported low self-esteem

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31.6% reported being dissatisfied with their lives

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0.5% met the diagnostic criteria for video game addiction

Conclusions

Our study finds that problematic video game use is related to male gender, low academic performance, difficulties with social interactions and also low self-esteem and satisfaction.

Screening for psychiatric co-morbidities and vulnerability factors is essential for the management of this type of pathology.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Borderline personality disorder in adolescents: Descriptive study about a series of cases
Authors: Belabbes I. , Douk K. , Katir I. , Kisra H.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Video gaming is an extremely popular leisure activity, with over two billion users worldwide (Newzoo, 2017).Nevertheless, excessive video game playing exposes to potential dangers. The WHO reminds us that “every gamer should be aware of the time spent on games, especially if their daily activities are affected, as well as any physical or psychological, social and health changes that could be attributed to gaming behaviour.”

Objectives

The aim of our study is to analyse the frequency of video game use, and to determine its relationship with psychological and social functioning and academic performance.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in the child psychiatry department at Arrazi Hospital in Salé among adolescents aged between 10 and 17 years. For this, we used :A hetero-questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics, reasons for gambling, type of gambling, satisfaction, self-esteem, ability to make friends and degree of social support, and school results , The DSM 5 criteria proposed in the appendix for the research and The K-SADS

Results

Socio-demographic data

-

Our study was carried out on a sample of 57 adolescents aged between 10 and 17 years, with an average age of 13.47.

-

There was a predominance of males: Boys: 87. ; Girls: 17.5

All the adolescents are in school: Primary 26.3 , Middle school 59.6 , High school 14 % Social functioning and academic performance

-

54.4% reported having both real and virtual friends, 29.8% specified that all their friends are virtual, And 15.8% noted that they have no friends

-

Academic decline was noted by the parents of 61.1% of adolescents Psychological functioning 68.4% reported low self-esteem, 31.6% reported being dissatisfied with their lives and 0.5% met the diagnostic criteria for video game addiction

Conclusions

Our study finds that problematic video game use is related to male gender, low academic performance, difficulties with social interactions and also low self-esteem and satisfaction. Screening for psychiatric co-morbidities and vulnerability factors is essential for the management of this type of pathology.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Proactive psychiatry of addiction: toward the normalization of early prevention
Authors: Hendriks V.
Published: August 2023

Most substance use disorders (SUDs) emerge in adolescence and young adulthood. Early interventions in young people may reduce the risk and severity of SUD and other mental disorders. However, we are not able to reach our young people early enough for prevention and treatment, and when we do, they often already show a high concentration of comorbid mental disorders and signs of a chronic intermittent course of SUD. Hence, we must reach our addicted young patients at an earlier stage, when symptoms are still mild or transient, or perhaps even before that – when they only show precursors of possible dysfunction.

One of the most prominent precursors of dysfunction is our ability – or lack thereof – to control or "self-regulate" our behaviors, cognitions, and emotions. Many scientists argue that poor self-regulation is perhaps the core determinant of the development of mental health disorders, including addiction. Several prospective general population studies have shown that poor childhood self-control early in life is a strong predictor of many negative outcomes later in life, up to 20 to 30 years later in adulthood. Although correlational in nature, these findings suggest that early childhood interventions that are deliberately aimed at improving self-regulation may be effective in preventing these negative life outcomes, and that early prevention and intervention targeted at improving self-control may reduce the risk of a broad array of psychiatric and social problems, including addiction. Indeed, several recent large-scale systematic reviews have suggested that self-regulation skills are malleable and can be learned through instruction and practice, and perhaps most so in the early years, roughly around 3 to 6 years, when there is a steep increase in learning curve, when the plasticity of the brain is still high, and when self-regulation skills are still very much in development.

This presentation provides an overview of the rationale and study findings of early prevention of substance use disorders and other mental health disorders. In terms of broad prevention, much can be gained by widespread, consistent implementation and normalization of early prevention at the pre- and elementary school level.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Suicidal crisis in the adolescent: About 3 clinical cases
Authors: Belabbes I. , Katir I. , Chtibi M. , Kisra H.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Suicide is the third most common cause of death among adolescents. It is linked to several mental pathologies. Early detection and effective and rapid management are essential elements to improve the mental health of the adolescent and prevent suicidal behaviour.

Objectives

Our objective is :

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To discuss through these medical observations the risk factors and pathologies at high risk of suicide,

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To detail the urgent course of action to be taken in the event of suicide attempts and

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To underline the importance of early management to prevent suicide in adolescents

Methods

We report hereafter the clinical cases of 3 adolescents followed in child psychiatry for the management of a suicidal crisis.

Results

1st clinical case :

This is a 13 year old girl, brought back by the staff of the Lalla Meryem child protection centre, where she has been living since her separation from her family following abuse by her mother. She reports a reliving of scenes where her mother burned her private parts. She reports disturbed sleep with night terrors and nightmares. In addition, the centre’s staff reported irritability, crying spells and verbalized suicidal threats.

2nd clinical case:

This is a 15 year old girl referred by the paediatric service for management of a suicide attempt by ingestion of rat poison. She stopped her schooling 2 years ago to take care of her mother who had cervical cancer and died 6 months ago. Since then, she has experienced sadness of mood, low self-esteem with ideas of devaluation. During the first psychiatric interview, she did not criticize her suicidal act and said that she wanted to kill herself, which she considered the only solution to her suffering.

3rd clinical case:

This is a 12-year-old adolescent, followed in child psychiatry for conduct disorder with problematic use of tobacco, cannabis and benzodiazepines. He had stopped going to school since the third grade.

He consulted for a suicide attempt by ingesting 30 antihypertensive tablets. After somatic care, he was referred to us from the medical emergency department for psychiatric care.

Conclusions

Suicide among adolescents is on the increase in Morocco. It is necessary to take into account the risk of suicide in the face of any mental or somatic pathology. A rapid and urgent course of action is necessary to avoid recurrence.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Attachment, Emotion Regulation and Physiological Reactivity in middle-childhood: a pilot study
Authors: Tironi M. , Charpentier-Mora S. , Bizzi F.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Attachment, as an interpersonal motivational system, is the relational ground that allows emotions to be regulated through action on the Autonomic Nervous System resulting in better psychological outcomes during middle childhood. Emotion dysregulation and autonomic function are often connected to psychiatric symptoms observed in adolescence (e.g. borderline personality disorder traits) and thus middle childhood becomes a critical age for psychopathological trajectories.

Objectives

Examine the relationship between child’s attachment and both psychological and physiological emotional regulation.

Methods

20 children (Mage = 10.7, SD = 1.25; 65% males) were recruited from general population. Attachment was measured through the Child Attachment Interview (CAI), while emotional regulation was assessed with a multimethod approach, using questionnaires i.e. How I Feel (HIF) and Positive and Negative Affect (PANAS), and physiological measurements i.e. Heart Rate Variability (ratio between High Frequency and Low Frequency, HF/LF, labeled as the child’s sympathovagal balance) and Heart Rate (Beats Per Minute, BPM, as an index of physiological reactivity).

Results

Statistically significant correlations emerged between the HIF-Control scale and the Mother and Father Dismissal CAI scale, the PANAS-Negative Affect scale and the Mother and Father Preoccupied Anger CAI scale. Moreover, there was a non-significant but moderate effect (rs > .30) between HF/LF and the Emotional Openness and the Resolution scales of the CAI, and between BPM and the Emotional Openness scale.

Conclusions

Despite the small sample size, more secure children are able to connect with their emotions and properly use them in solving relational problems. Consequently, they are likely to succeed in understanding and regulating emotions as they manage to find more adaptive strategies their own. On the contrary, the presence of dismissal or anger (insecure attachment) towards parents would appear to lead to higher levels of psycho-physiological dysregulation, a core feature of Borderline Personality Disorder dimensions starting to emerge later in adolescence. Future studies should consider physiological dysregulation as an additional factor linked to psychopathological developmental trajectories.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
The psychological impact on parents of children with pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy
Authors: Boujelbene I. , Chaabane M. , Guirat M. , Ben Touhemi D. , Guidara S. , Moalla Y. , Kamoun H. , Ben Ayed I.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (PDE) is a rare autosomal recessive disease usually associated with neonatal seizures that are sensitive to pyridoxine (vitamin B6). This disease can have a significant impact on family functioning, with significant psychological distress in parents. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety are the most common psychiatric outcomes in parents of children with PDE.

Objectives

To investigate the prevalence of significant symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress in parents of children with PDE.

Methods

The study consisted of a survey of parents accompanying their children diagnosed with PDE. The diagnosis was already confirmed by objectifying a homozygous or a compound heterozygous mutation in the ALDH7A1 gene in all siblings with heterozygous carrier parents. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) was used to assess parental post-traumatic stress, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to screen for parental depression and anxiety.

Results

Our study included eight unrelated families with one infant presenting a confirmed PDE disease. The average age of the children with epilepsy was 4.18 years (8 months to 12 years) with equal representation of both sexes.

Half of parents surveyed had depressive symptoms and about two thirds reported anxious symptomatology. These troubles are mainly related to the uncertain prognosis of the disease, even with vitamin B6 supplementation, and the high risk of recurrence in siblings, which led some parents to not have other children. A higher anxiety scores was reported in parents who claimed to have difficulties in providing the necessary vitamin supplements to their affected children on a regular basis. PTSD was diagnosed in three parents: most parents reported difficulties in dealing with stress, specifically in relation to the unpredictability of seizures and the unavailability of medical care for their child, which taxed their financial resources and made it difficult for them to perform their roles effectively.

Besides, being an autosomal recessive transmission disease, the notion of responsibility/guilt was not reported by either parent, and both parents are equally involved in the care of their child.

Conclusions

A significant proportion of children’s parents with pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy are suffering from depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress. A deeper understanding of the clinical expressions of these troubles could help practitioners to develop prevention and intervention strategies for these parents.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Catatonia in adolescence: an approach to genetic disorders, autism spectrum and delay of diagnosis
Authors: De Sousa Figueiredo N.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Catatonia is a treatable but often undiagnosed condition in children and adolescents. The majority of Pediatric catatonia cases occur at a puberal ages. It is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. In these cases the diagnosis can be more difficult due to the overlap of symptoms.

Objectives

Report the case of a 11- year - old girl who developed catatonia. She had a previous psychiatry history of intellectual disability, delayed speech and motor slowness. She had a positive Lorazepam challenge test with resolution of the most catatonic symptoms. More studies were completed and according to the clinical history the diagnosis of autistic spectrum disorder was made.

Genetic test revealed a Phelan Mc Dermid Syndrom.

Methods

A year 11-year-old girl presented to the pediatric emergency department with a 2- days history of worsening anxiety and rigidity, seeming lost and distant. The previous 4 months there was a history of progressive functional and social decline. Her speech was minimal and she required assistance with dressing and feeding. She displayed stereotypias and mannerism. All medical studies were unremarkable. A Lorazepam challenge test (2 mg IV) showed evidence of response. She recovered from catatonia and the basal situation was studied. She was diagnosed of autistic espectrum disorder attending the psychiatric and medical history. Apart from other medical studies, a genetic test showed a mutation in a gene called SHANK 3 according to a Phelan Mc Dermid Syndrom.

Results

Pediatric catatonia is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders such as autistic spectrum disorders. There is not always a clear identifiable cause and it is necessary to rule out possible organic causes of pediatric catatonia. The treatment is similar to adults. It is essential to do a complete medical and psychiatric history to an accurate diagnosis such as an autistic spectrum disorder. Genetic testing must be included. In this case, genetics showed a Phelan Mc Dermid Syndrom with a delayed diagnosis. This disorder can cause a wide range of symptoms varying in severity. These symptoms could include global developmental disorders, intellectual disability, delayed speech, autistic spectrum disorders and minor dysmorphic features.

Conclusions

It is crutial to emphasize the high incidence of catatonic symptoms in individuals with Phelan Mc Dermid Syndrome as catatonia often goes unrecognized or undertreated in individuals with developmental disabilities. Significant cognitive and behavioral regression beyond a baseline level of disability has been reported. This case also highlights the relevance of genetic testing in the work of individuals with intellectual disabilities and acute psychiatric illness or regression. Symptoms indicative of catatonia may occur in context of infections, hormonal status and stressful life events. Treatment is centered on the symptoms.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Diagnostic stability in adolescents transiting to adult services: exploring the patterns of diagnostic adjustments
Authors: Baldaquí N. , Crucilla C. , Menditto M. G. , Malvini L. , Maltese A. M. , Percudani M. , Barbera S.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Most mental illness of adult life begin in late adolescence, affecting young people when they require transition to adult services. In <18 years old patients is more difficult to establish a definitive diagnosis, so diagnoses are often unstable and temporary. In young patients, understanding diagnostic stability may help in clarifying the course, developmental changes, and long-term prognoses of psychiatric disorders. Little research has explored the diagnostic adjustments that occur in child and adolescent mental health services, however previous studies reported that moods disorders and schizophrenia showed more stability than other diagnoses.

Understanding diagnostic trajectories is necessary to improve developmental psychopathology, in order to acquire more discrete diagnostic entities, and clinical judgements, regarding risk and prognosis.

Objectives

as the evidence of diagnostic stability from childhood (child and adolescent mental health services) to adulthood (adult services) is limited, the aim of this study is to describe the clinical features in patients from child and adolescent mental health services in transition to adult services and to compare the main diagnosis of these patients made in both services.

Methods

all individuals, between 18 and 25 years old, admitted to our outpatient clinic specialized in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of mental illness in adolescents (ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan), referred to our service between 2021 and 2022. Clinical Diagnosis were establish using ICD-10 criteria.

Results

301 new patients were admitted in our outpatients service: 171 in 2021 and 130 in 2022 (until October). The mean age was 21,08. The 30.2% of patients come from child and adolescent mental health services (29,2% in 2021 and 31,5% in 2022). The main diagnosis of these patients were: first reaction to severe stress and adjustment disorders (F43), second specific personality disorders (F60) and thirst eating disorders (F50). The main diagnosis made in our services were: first specific personality disorders (F60), second first reaction to severe stress and adjustment disorders (F43), thirst other anxiety disorders (F41). 56,1% of patients have the same diagnosis in both services and 43.9% have a different diagnosis. There were not differences in sex (60,5% female and 39,5% male). Patients from child and adolescent mental health services were youngers (19,68 vs 21,69), not statistically significant.

Conclusions

Further research is required to understand diagnostic trajectories, especially longitudinal studies in minors during transition period to adult services, in order to find patterns of diagnostic adjustments.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
PSYCHIATRIC COMORBIDITY IN A SAMPLE OF PATIENTS WITH COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL MINORITY DISEASE
Authors: De la Mata R. , Manso-Bazús C. , Pujol S. , Torrent L. , Urraca L. , Vázquez-Tarrio D. , Esteve M. , Fernández E. , Pàmias M.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

About the term cognitive-behavioral minority disease or rare disease are a group of diseases that affect between 6-8% of the populatio. It is estimated that there are more than 7000 in the world, the majority with a genetic basis and affect various organs and systems, they also present psychiactric comorbidities and cause a physical or mental disability. Given its definition, it is difficult to see a large number of these patients in our usual clinical activity, so their management can be complicated.

Objectives

To evaluate the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity and the prevalence of psyhcopharmacological treatment in children and adolescents whe present a minority disease.

Methods

This is a descriptive, controlled, retrospective cross-sectional study of a sample obtained by non-probabilistic sampling, which is representative of the study population.

The statistical analysis was made using the statistical program SPSS V22 (2013).

Results

With a sample of 114 patients, of which 26,6% presented fragile X syndrome, secondly 25,3% presented Prader-Willi Syndrome and 48,1% other chromosomal abnormalities.

By subgroups (male:female): in Prader-Willi syndrome 6:14 (30%:70%), in Fragile X syndrome 12:9 (57,14%: 42,86%) and in other diseases 25:13 (75,69%: 34,21%).

Conclusions

The creation of clinical expert units makes the possibility to increase knowledge of diseases whose prevalence in the population, thanks to technological advances, is increasing and where scientific knowledge is still limited.

These units are also important, in order to be able to offer personalized intensive treatments in order to reduce polypharmacy. There is not a great difference between the minority diagnosis and polypharmacy, although there is less polypharmacy than expected, which may be the result of the success of the most intensive and personal psychotherapeutic intervention in the unit.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Treatment of early resistant schizophrenia: a case report
Authors: Benhammou S. , Raissouni M. , Kisra H.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Early-onset schizophrenia begins before the age of 18. Drug treatments are mainly based on antipsychotics, preferably atypical antipsychotics, which have fewer side effects compared to first generation antipsychotics.

Resistant schizophrenia is defined as an inadequate response to two different antipsychotic treatments for a sufficient duration and dosage. Clozapine is the only drug treatment currently approved for patients with resistant schizophrenia, for which the risk of aganulocytosis must be monitored.

In order to derive a clear benefit, different scientific organizations, recommend the use of Clozapine as early as possible, and they state that there is little evidence to support the use of very high doses of antipsychotics.

Objectives

We seek to determine the effectiveness of clozapine treatment in the management of early schizophrenia resistant to more than two antipsychotic treatments.

Methods

Description of a case of early resistant schizophrenia , in a 16-year-old girl, put on clozapine in comparison with the data of the literature.

Discussion: through articles published on google scholar, pubmed, and science direct

Results

Treatment with clozapine, showed efficacy in the case of early schizophrenia resistant to several lines of antipsychotics, including disappearance of auditory and visual hallucinations and delusions.

Conclusions

The efficacy of clozapine treatment in early resistant schizophrenia raises the question of its use in first line from the beginning of the schizophrenic disease, however its side effects and its difficulty of follow-up raise questions in relation to its use.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Separation-Individuation in Patterns in Turkey: An Investigation of Developmental, Gender and Contextual Differences
Authors: Bildik T. , Şentürk Pilan B. , Özbaran B. , Yüncü Z. , Köse S.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

There is still a paucity of studies exploring the impacts of teenage employment on mental health and development. In many developing countries, youths participate intensively in the teenage labor force. The involvement of adolescent in the world of work would promote the development of responsibility and prepare the young person to function more effectively in adult roles.

Objectives

The purposes of the present study were to examine the adolescent separation-individuation among an understudied and vulnerable population; and to examine the Separation-Individuation Test of Adolescence (SITA) for revealing the differentiation working male group from student male group.

Methods

Participants completed the SITA. The group of study 1 consisted of 618 high school and 252 university students between the ages of 14 and 24, 489 of which were girls and 381 were boys. In Study 2, participants were 269 male adolescents between the ages of 15 and 17, 141 of which were full-time worker and 128 high school students. In study 1, these results were consistent with the rapprochement subphase of the separation-individuation process in adolescence -the striking desires for intimacy and independence.

Results

Our results support the gender specific patterns of identity formation and the argument that connectedness in close relationships plays a central role in the female identity development. Interestingly, there were no significant gender differences in the tendency to view close interpersonal relationships as threatening to their sense of independence and selfhood, and to deny or avoid dependency needs. The reason for this might be the cultural differences between the individualistic and collectivistic cultures. In study 2, working males could be distinguished from student counterparts by their increased tendency to seek close interpersonal ties with caretakers. The finding also suggested that student males reflected characteristics of the traditional view of adolescents’ independence striving. Across both studies it was found that the traditional Turkish child-rearing patterns have been characterized by an emphasis on interpersonal relationships and close ties with family than individualistic cultures

Conclusions

Our results revealed that the subscales of SITA –especially dependency denial, rejection expectancy, nurturance seeking, engulfment anxiety, and teacher enmeshment- can help clinicians for assessing the adolescent separation-individuation process in a reliable way. We suggested that adolescent employment would lead to the difficulties in developing bonds with parents because of the adolescents’ long work hours, the early involvement with the world of work would lead to the withdrawal from the more dependent, preadultlike student role, and student adolescents would reflect characteristics of the traditional view of adolescents’ independence striving.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Prevalence and Comorbidities of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among Adults and Children/Adolescents in Korea
Authors: Bahk W.-M. , Seo J. S. , Sung H.-M. , Park S.-Y.
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Objectives

This study investigated the prevalence and comorbidities of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among adults and children/adolescents in Korea.

Methods

This study used data from the Korea Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service collected from 2008 to 2018. Study participants comprised patients with at least one diagnosis of ADHD (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Provisions, 10th revision code F90.0). Prevalence rates and psychiatric comorbidities were also analyzed.

Results

We identified 878,996 patients diagnosed with ADHD between 2008 and 2018. The overall prevalence rate of diagnosed ADHD increased steeply from 127.1/100,000 in 2008 to 192.9/100,000 in 2018; it increased 1.47 times in children/adolescents (≤ 18 years) and 10.1 times in adults (> 18 years) during this period. Among children/adolescent and adult ADHD patients, 61.84% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 61.74−61.93) and 78.72% (95% CI 78.53−78.91) had at least one psychiatric comorbidity, respectively.

Conclusions

Our results showed that the prevalence rate of diagnosed ADHD has increased in Korea; however, it is lower than the global average. Further studies are required to identify and treat vulnerable populations appropriately.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Kraepelin, the unitary psychosis theory and the classification in psychiatry
Authors: Martínez Jambrina J. J.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

The history of psychiatry is the history of the unitary psychosis concept. Recent studies on this subject by prominent authors (Huda, Stanghellini, Broome, etc.) confirm that the problem has not been resolved but that it reappears now with more force from skeptical positions, based above all on the insufficiency of the classification criteria official (ICD-10, DSM-V). This skepticism has led to an attempt to make the line that separates normality from mental illness disappear with the weak argument that isolated psychotic symptoms are detected in the general population.The proposals to stop these movements that border on the denial of mental illness try to provide more information on the contextual and subjective factors of mental illness, thus reinforcing the so-called biopsychosocial model formulated by Engel in 1976, whose conceptual imprecision is largely responsible for the problems before indicated as well as other more serious ones for the organization of psychiatric care.

Objectives

Point out the insufficiencies of the biopsychosocial model.-Point out the advantages of acquiring a classic evolutionary approach such as the one designed by Iván Pavlov besides the Volga and improved by some followers.-highlight the differences between researching in psychopathology, a true science, or doing it in clinical psychiatry, its practical application. This distinction is essential.

Methods

The works of some authors who have approached this conflict with dedication and rigor will be reviewed.Research lines followed during last hundred years in psychiatry will be contrasted with the results obtained.

Results

New points of view and new tools need to be incorporated to solve this conflict that confuses experts so much are proposed.Ways of working are indicated that should avoid confusion between psychopathology and clinical psychiatry

Conclusions

A psychiatric diagnosis must be established on solid conceptual basis that we currently lack.-Both Kraepelin and Kurt Schneider are two key figures to recover and keep current in our daily practice.-The importance of patient’s subjectivity when taking an anamnesis of their problems seems very important. The question is how to manage that subjectivity in order to analyze it from a classical scientific model, Pavlov’s great desire.-A revisiting of Husserlian phenomenology is essential in the training plans of young psychiatrists and in daily psychiatric care. But this is not enough. We need new tools and new conceptual frameworks so that the phenomenological perspective can contribute to put light in problems as important as those generated by the constant change of diagnosis that is carried out with many patients.If we want a scientific psychiatry we cannot handle with tools that have failed since their creation.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Psychosis in autism spectrum disorder: a clinical review
Authors: Gomes D. R. , Silveira F. , Freitas R.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by frequent comorbidity including mood, anxiety and psychotic disorders. Psychiatric comorbidity in ASD has been associated with poor prognosis.

Objectives

To summarize clinical data regarding the relationship between autism spectrum disorder and psychosis comorbidity, namely its epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.

Methods

We conducted a non-systematic review of the literature relevant to the topic published in the PubMed database. Articles were selected based on title and abstract review.

Results

Epidemiological studies report significant rates of comorbidity between ASD and psychosis. According to a recent systematic review, prevalence of non-affective psychosis in ASD has been estimated at 9,56%, despite heterogeneity across included studies.

The differential diagnosis of psychosis in a patient with ASD is frequently a challenge and depends on the severity of intellectual and language impairment, medical comorbidities (including epilepsy and associated pharmacological iatrogenic factors), psychiatric comorbidities and substance use. Conversely, establishing the diagnosis of ASD in a patient presenting with psychosis is not always clear, and clinicians must rely on collecting a detailed developmental history.

There are no large controlled studies regarding the treatment of psychosis in this specific patient group, but risperidone and aripiprazole have been used based on efficacy in primary psychotic disorders, as well as efficacy and safety profile in other symptomatic clusters of ASD, namely irritability.

ASD and psychosis comorbidity has been associated with lower response rates to antipsychotic treatment and negative long-term prognosis.

Conclusions

Psychosis is a common and serious comorbidity of ASD, with limited data regarding treatment options. Further research is needed to improve global outcomes.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
use disorder in patients with autoimmune diseases:sociodemographic profile
Authors: Stati S.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Autoimmune diseases are chronic and disabling conditions, especially because of the chronic pain they cause. Substance use disorders are on the rise in these patients, especially the problematic use of prescribed and over-the-counter analgesics.

Objectives

to study the socio-demographic profile of patients with comorbidity between substance use disorders and autoimmune diseases, to assess the reasons for admission, the length of hospitalization, and the main psychoactive substances found in these patients

Methods

A retrospective cross-sectional study of the medical records of patients with substance use disorders co-morbid with autoimmune diseases who were hospitalized in the addictology department of the ar-Razi University Psychiatric Hospital in Salé between January 2014 and December 2021.

Results

10 patients were included in our study, the median age was 42, 76% were male, 41.3% were single, 63% had an average socio-economic level. 43.5% of the patients had a medical history, the main reason for admission was depressive syndrome (50%), the most common autoimmune disease was insulin-dependent diabetes, followed by IBD

Conclusions

the comorbidity of autoimmune diseases and substance use disorders suggests the existence of common etiopathogenic mechanisms, the management of this comorbidity requires multidisciplinary collaboration

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
The experience of suicidal patients with inpatient nursing care
Authors: Maes T.
Published: August 2023

Worldwide, suicidal patients are treated in residential care. The used interventions and support systems during inpatient care are important in suicide prevention. Nurses are asking for guidelines on how to provide care for suicidal depressed patients. The aim of this study is to explore useful processes during the nursing care for suicidal patients. These processes are identified by exploring the suicidal patient’s experiences with nursing care. We have developed a category system of helpful processes and interventions that are observed in nursing care for suicidal patients. The category system contains four core themes; nurse behavioral interventions, nurse attitudes, and nurse conversational intervention and environment.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Self-harming behaviour in liaison psychiatry : Case series and literature review
Authors: BENALLEL K. , MANSOURI W. , KADIRI M.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Self-harm (SH) is common, in particular among young people. It can be seen in a wide range of psychiatric disorders, ranging from anti-social personality disorders to schizophrenia and mood disorders. In the extreme, self-harm can be functionally life-threatening. Such is the case of phlebotomy, emasculations and self-amputation. The severity of certain damage and the urgency of an initial somatic treatment contribute to make self-harm one of the most frequent reasons for intervention in liaison psychiatry.

Objectives

Through our case series and a literature review, we tried to describe the socio-demographic and psychopathological characteristics of the self-harmers and to identify the specificities of their management in liaison psychiatry.

Methods

It is a descriptive cross-sectional study, in the psychiatric department of a general hospital in Rabat, concerning patients evaluated for SH with or without other psychiatric manifestations. The data collected are analysed using the statistical software ‘JAMOVI’. Patients seen in psychiatric consultations, in medical-surgical emergencies or in liaison psychiatry for SH were included. Patients already hospitalized in psychiatry were excluded.

Results

35 patients were recruted of who 65.7% were male. 68.6% were single. 51.4% had a low socio-economic level and 42.9% had an average level. 48.6% had a psychiatric history of which 22.9% had attempted suicide. Abuse was present in 34.3%, family separation in 22.9%, death of a parent in 20% while no patient reported sexual abuse. The most common method used was a razor blade in 57.1% of cases. The most mutilated site was the forearms in 65.7%, following a frustration in 60% and a conflict situation in 25.7%. 48.6% were hospitalised (34.5% in psychiatry, 5.6% in intensive care and 5.6% in otorhinolaryngology).

Conclusions

Self-harm is a frequent pathological behaviour whose incidence is increasing. Understanding the psychological and biological basis of self-harm will help to improve the management of these patients and prevent the recurrence of this dangerous behavior and its complication by suicide.

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared
Asessing anxity among patients who survived after infection with COVID 19
Authors: Khalifa I. , Ben Salah H. , Youssef R. , mejri M. , Loghmari A. , Maktouf Bouhlel A. , Boukadida L. , Yaacoubi H. , Bouassida K. , Jaballah R. , Zorgati A. , Boukef R.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

The actual pandemic of COVID 19 is a very unusual yet real situation we are facing. It has affected people in both physical and psychological way. In fact,in such particular circumstances, so many people experience stress, anxiety and depression.Objective

Objectives

The goal of our study is to emphasize theanxiety among patients who were tested positive with COVID 19 , using the HAD scale.

Methods

It is a retrospective study single-centerstudyPatients are collected from a database of the Sahloul emergency COVID unit. We include patients whose age is greater than or equal to 18 years old who has been infected with SARS-COV-2 according to the results of the PCR test. All patients lost to follow-up, refusing to participate in this study, having a psychiatric illness or having taken a psychotropic medication before randomization or non-cooperating (unable to respond to the evaluation test) were excluded. At 30 days follow up, anxiety was evaluated by HAD scale.

Results

200 patients were included in this study.In our study, 98 patients had symptoms of anxiety (49%) after one month of their consultation in the emergency room; i.e. 39% have a doubtful symptomatology of anxiety and 10% have a certain symptomatology. Half (51%) of the patients had no signs of anxiety depression. The average age of the patients in whom the presence of definite anxiety symptoms was noted was 56.2 years; 63.7% of these patients were female. No difference was noted in relation to the pathological history. Patients in whom the symptoms of anxiety were certain presented a persistence of clinical signs for 10.7 days in average as opposed to 7.1 days in patients without anxious symptoms (p<0.001).

Conclusions

Anxiety is so common among COVID 19 patients and it has a huge influence on the evolution of their health state . This is why all health workers have to fight against COVID and its effects on both physical and mental health . Highlighting the fact that a psychological assistance is highly recommended in the management ofCOVID19 patients in order to improve their prognosis

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared