bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Historia y memoria de las mujeres asediadas
Authors: Fernández García Elena
Published: June 2016

El presente artículo se propone constatar la implicación femenina en los escenarios de la lucha, concretamente en episodios de verdadera amenaza como en el caso de los sitios, e intentar determinar hasta qué punto la necesidad de tomar partido en la defensa de sus ciudades, de sus familias, significó una mayor o menor ocupación de espacios propiamente masculinos por parte de ellas. Específicamente, se tratará de recuperar del olvido la acción femenina y su contribución en tres episodios bélicos de importancia como son la sublevación catalana de la Guerra dels Segadors, la Guerra de Sucesión y la Guerra de la Independencia. Tres ejemplos de conflicto en los que destaca sobremanera la acción de las mujeres asediadas.

This article was proposed to verify the involvement of women in the fight scenes, particularly in episodes of real threat as in the case of sieges, and to try determining to what extent the need to take a stand in defense of their cities, their families, meant a greater or lesser occupation of properly masculine spaces by them. Specifically, we try to retrieve from oblivion the women action and their contribution on three major military events such as the Catalan uprising known as Reapers’ War, the War of Spanish Succession and the Peninsular War. Three examples of conflicts in which the action of women under siege tales special importance.
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Las mujeres y la revolución mediática: una de las bases de las revueltas y del cambio en el mundo árabe
Authors: Perceval José María , Simelio i Solà Núria
Published: June 2016

En este artículo analizamos la participación de las mujeres en las revueltas árabes, específicamente en Túnez y Egipto, de finales del año 2010 y principios del 2011. El proceso de cambio político y social impulsado por una población juvenil deseosa de instaurar un sistema democrático no pude ser entendida sin tener en cuenta la gran participación femenina en las protestas. La masiva participación sin precedentes inmediatos de las mujeres en este proceso, tanto en la organización como en la preparación y realización, fue posible gracias a los cambios mediáticos de los últimos cinco años. El artículo realiza un recorrido que muestra como la variación de la imagen de la mujer ha sido determinante en esta novedosa implicación de las mujeres árabes en las revoluciones sociales. Esta transformación se produce tanto en los medios tradicionales a partir de los programas de entretenimiento y en la ficción, como en las redes satelitales de información y esencialmente en las redes sociales por Internet y los blogs que han revolucionado totalmente el panorama mediático del mundo árabe.

This article analyses the women‟s role in the Arab revolutions, specifically in Tunisia and Egypt, from latest 2010 to early 2011. The process of social and political change that has been driven by youth men and women, who demanded a democratic system, can‟t be understood without taking into account the substantial feminine participation on the protests. The unprecedented number of women who participated in the preparation, organization and carrying out of this process, was possible thanks to the media changes of the last five years. This article explains how the change of the women‟s image has been a deciding factor in this newly implication of the Arab women in the social revolutions. This transformation was generated on the traditional mainstream media (entertainment programmes and the shows), on the information from the satellite televisions and essentially on the social networking and the blogs that have completely changed the media system of the Arabic World.
La igualdad entre géneros y la necesidad de un nuevo principio de acción: aprendizaje y profesionalización en la educación superior
Authors: Lafuente María Isabel
Published: June 2016

Se muestra la marginación en que se halla la mujer en el campo profesional de la educación superior a partir de las principales acciones realizadas sobre esta situación y su análisis cuantitativo en la actualidad. Saber de qué depende la marginación y cómo puede contrarrestarse requiere: 1. Entender la noción de lucha contra el tiempo. 2. Conocer el alcance que tiene el principio ilustrado de igualdad educativa.3. Saber de qué principios depende la marginación de la mujer. 4. Establecer la forma de variar estos principios en conformidad con los valores propios de la mujer.

This paper shows the marginalization of women in the professional field of university education, on the basis of the principal actions undertaken on this situation and the quantitative analysis thereof at present. In order to know on what marginalization depends and how it can be counteracted, it is required: 1.To understand the notion of fight against time. 2. To know the scope of the illustrated principle of equal education. 3. To know from what principles the marginalization of women depends. 4. To establish the way of changing these principles in conformity with women’s own values.
Keywords: .
Las guerras de las mujeres en la guerra :[homenaje a la teórica deminista Victoria Sau]
Authors: Pérez González Lourdes
Published: June 2016

Este artículo, reconocimiento y homenaje a la teórica feminista Victoria Sau, utiliza las tres figuras mitológicas o literarias —Casandra, Antígona y Lisístrata— con las que la autora ejemplifica las distintas etapas del feminismo para hacer un recorrido en distintos momentos y lugares por los papeles que las mujeres asumen o tienen que asumir en la guerra, entendida como un mecanismo de defensa y mantenimiento del sistema patriarcal, sin cuyo desmantelamiento, no será posible que desaparezcan.

This paper pays tribute to the work of the feminist theorist Victoria Sau. The article relies on the three mythological or literary figures used by the author to exemplify the different stages of feminism -Cassandra, Antigone and Lysistrata- in order to review the roles played in different moments and places by women in war, understood as a defence mechanism intended to preserve the patriarchal system. As long as this mechanism is not dismantled, these roles will not disappear.
Historiografía de la guerrilla del Partido de los Pobres (PDLP) (Atoyac, Guerrero)
Authors: Ávila Coronel Francisco
Published: June 2016

El artículo hace un análisis historiográfico sobre la guerrilla del Partido de los Pobres, tomando como eje de su argumento las explicaciones causales sobre el surgimiento del pdlp. Por otra parte, se cuestionan algunas explicaciones para dar algunas pistas sobre algunos lineamientos de lo que queda por estudiar respecto al proceso de insurgencia armada y con ello se busca contribuir al debate sobre la historia de esta organización.

 
Fotografía y memoria en la dictadura argentina (1976-1983). Entrevista con Eduardo Longoni
Authors: Del Castillo Troncoso Alberto
Published: June 2016

En este artículo se reflexiona sobre el papel de la fotografía en la construcción de la memoria en torno a la dictadura militar argentina. Para ello se presenta y analiza una entrevista original con Eduardo Longoni, uno de los fotógrafos más destacados de la historia reciente, creador de algunos de los iconos más emblemáticos de la dictadura.
Ignacio Martínez, Una nación para la Iglesia argentina. Construcción del Estado y jurisdicciones eclesiásticas en el siglo xix, Academia Nacional de la Historia, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2013, 574 pp., ISBN 978-987-1288-39-7.
Authors: Medina Federico
Published: June 2016

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Olivia Gall, Trotsky en México y la vida política en tiempos de Lázaro Cárdenas (1937-1940), prólogo de Leonardo Padura, México, Centro de Investigaciones Interdisciplinarias en Ciencias y Humanidades-UNAM/Editorial Ítaca, 2a. edición, 2012 (México y Demo
Authors: Oikión Solano Verónica
Published: June 2016

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A importância do SLA no setor de telecomunicações
Authors: De Oliveira Pimentel Adda Regina , Murat de Meirelles Quintella Heitor Luiz
Published: June 2016

No cenário atual de Telecomunicações, hoje a grande preocupação das empresas prestadoras de serviços é com a "qualidade percebida pelo cliente". A estratégia adotada pelos provedores de telecomunicações para atuar com sucesso sobre a qualidade percebida é a obtenção do Acordo de Nível de Serviço (SLA - Service Level Agreement) entre clientes e provedores. Este estudo teve por objetivos: comparar as percepções e expectativas dos clientes sobre a qualidade do SLA no serviço de comunicação de dados; analisar a quais aspectos do SLA os clientes e provedores de telecomunicações atribuem importância maior; e avaliar o atual estágio das ferramentas de TI em uso pelos provedores de telecomunicações para a gestão do SLA. Este trabalho tomou como base os modelos conceituais de Parasuraman et al. (1990) e a Cadeia de Valor Agregado desenvolvido por Porter (1985). Os resultados apontaram que o grau de satisfação dos clientes quanto ao SLA ofertado ainda não atende às suas expectativas, mas a partir desta pesquisa será possível fornecer subsídios aos provedores de telecomunicações para obtenção de melhorias em seus serviços, o que contribuirá para o sucesso do seu negócio, através do aumento da qualidade percebida por seus clientes.
Avaliação de métodos heurísticos em sistemas de produção no-wait flow shop
Authors: Nagano Marcelo Seido , Scardoelli Lucas Yamada , Moccellin João Vitor
Published: June 2016

Este artigo aborda o problema de programação de operações em um ambiente de produção Flow Shop, tendo como objetivo minimizar o estoque em processamento sem interromper a execução das tarefas. Um novo método heurístico foi proposto e comparado com quatro melhores métodos reportados na literatura para a solução do problema. A análise dos resultados experimentais evidenciou a superioridade do novo método para o conjunto de problemas avaliados.
Eficiência dos gráficos de controle xbarra, ewma e cusum.
Authors: De Souza Livia Mara , Ribeiro Júnior José Ivo , Reis Gustavo Mello , Ide Mayara Sayuri
Published: June 2016

O planejamento dos gráficos de controle Xbarra, EWMA e CUSUM, com o objetivo de monitorar a média, deve ser feito com base nas escolhas corretas dos valores das constantes envolvidas na construção de cada gráfico, por estarem relacionados à incidência dos alarmes falso (a) e verdadeiro (Pd). Desse modo, visando verificar as relações de ae Pd em função das diferentes combinações dos valores das constantes em cada gráfico, foram simulados dados independentes de 1.000 amostras com diferentes números de repetições e sob distribuição normal com m= 1000 e m= 100. O foi influenciado negativamente, de forma exponencial, pela constante k nos gráficos Xbarra e EWMA e, linearmente, pelas constantes k* e h*, no CUSUM. Já o Pd aumenta conforme a diminuição de k e dos incrementos de n e de d, nos gráficos Xbarra e EWMA, mas não apresenta relação funcional bem definida em função das constantes k*, h*, n e d, no CUSUM. Dessa forma, podem-se obter combinações dos valores das constantes capazes de gerar gráficos eficientes com a<0,05 e Pd >0,90. Em todos os três gráficos de controle é possível utilizar a estimativa de baseada nos valores de AM, R, s ou sc.
Função de transferência: uma técnica complementar na aplicação de gráficos de controle
Authors: Russo Suzana Leitão , Camargo Maria Emilia
Published: June 2016

Neste artigo, apresenta-se a aplicação do controle estatístico de qualidade (CEQ) da areia de fundição na Indústria FUNDIMISA, em Santo Ângelo (RS). Foi analisada a variável plasticidade da areia antes da elaboração dos moldes das peças de fundição, bem como verificada a sua relação com a não-conformidade desses moldes. Investigaram-se o desempenho e a adequação do uso tradicional dos métodos de CEQ em processos não- conformes, e mostrou-se o uso dos modelos de Função de Transferência como um complemento na aplicação de gráficos de controle. O resultado desta pesquisa virá contribuir ainda mais, com informações de grande importância, para a tomada de decisão de indústrias de fundição locais, pois é uma forma de se fazer monitoração contínua, possibilitando melhora no controle do sistema.
Melhoria da resistência ao rasgo de tecido plano através do planejamento de experimentos
Authors: Pinheiro Gilson Marques , Sousa Bruna Caroline Resende , Costa Basílio Cássia De Paiva , Da Silva Claudiney Alves , De Oliveira Geraldo Nilton
Published: June 2016

A resistência ao rasgo é característica de grande importância na indústria têxtil, uma vez que determina a durabilidade e aplicabilidade do tecido. Portanto, tecidos com baixos valores de resistência, que é o caso analisado neste trabalho, geram retrabalhos, segunda qualidade e atraso na entrega, o que afeta o atendimento às necessidades dos clientes e, consequentemente, a competitividade da empresa. Através do levantamento de dados dos processos, constatou-se que o tipo de acabamento aplicado ao tecido influencia diretamente nos valores de resistência ao rasgo. Dessa maneira, através da aplicação da metodologia do planejamento de experimentos (DOE – Design of Experiments), verificou-se o efeito dos diversos produtos das receitas de acabamento do tecido nos valores de resistência ao rasgo. Em decorrência das análises realizadas, foram implantadas alterações naquelas receitas sem, contudo, modificar os fatores de construção do tecido. Os resultados se mostraram significativamente melhores, resultando num aumento médio de 84,4% nos valores de resistência ao rasgo, eliminando o reprocesso e garantindo o atendimento às especificações
Modelo de estudo das spin-offs de uma incubadora de empresas de base tecnológica
Authors: Minardi Bárbara Emanuelle De Carvalho , Vita Flávio Lúcio Martins , Suzuki Jaqueline Akemi , Bittencourt de Souza Frederico Souza Lima , De faria Adriana Ferreira
Published: June 2016

Para que um país atinja um nível melhor de condições sociais e econômicas são imprescindíveis o desenvolvimento e amadurecimento do processo de inovação, que normalmente envolve as instituições de pesquisa, empresas e governo. O berço da geração de conhecimento se dá através de pesquisas realizadas dentro das universidades e centros de pesquisa. Espera-se que os resultados das pesquisas aplicadas para este estudo possam fomentar a criação de empresas de base tecnológica que possibilitam a geração de empregos altamente qualificados, geram divisas para a sociedade e criam maior dinâmica inovativa para a indústria nacional. Assim, devido à importância dessas empresas para a sociedade, este trabalho teve por objetivo geral estudar o desempenho de empresas de bases tecnológicas de origem acadêmica, as chamadas spin-offs acadêmicas. As empresas analisadas representam amostra daquelas que participaram do programa de incubação de uma incubadora de empresas de base tecnológica, pertencente a uma grande universidade do país.
Regressão por mínimos quadrados parciais (PLS) e espectroscopia no UV/Vís para quantificação de corantes: agilidade e eficiência para estações de tratamentos de efluentes têxteis
Authors: Teixeira Machado Alan Rodrigues , Da Silva Adilson Cândido
Published: June 2016

Os corantes são substâncias químicas com grande diversidade estrutural. Apresentam numerosas aplicações, com destaque para as indústrias: têxtil, alimentar e cerâmica. Várias são as técnicas analíticas utilizadas nestas indústrias para avaliação destes compostos. Entretanto, existe uma demanda por metodologias em que dois ou mais corantes sejam avaliados na mesma análise, tais metodologias quando utilizadas podem contribuir de forma significativa na redução dos custos, além de reduzir o tempo de análise e o consumo dos reagentes utilizados. Desta forma, objetivando a difusão de metodologias para quantificação simultânea de corantes, empregando a regressão por Mínimos Quadrados Parciais (PLS), neste trabalho foi utilizada a espectroscopia no UV/Vís associada à PLS para construção de modelos para quantificação de três corantes: alaranjado de metila, azul de metileno e vermelho do congo. Os resultados permitem concluir que modelos de calibração, empregando dados de espectroscopia no UV/Vís e PLS, podem ser utilizados como alternativa na quantificação de misturas de corantes.
Percepção discente a respeito do desempenho didático de docentes: influência de alguns itens através de comparações estatísticas e correlações
Authors: Mesquita da Silva Renata , Rodrigues Gomes Geórgia Regina , Shimoda Eduardo , Da Silva Rios Erenildo
Published: June 2016

Um dos itens incluídos na AutoAvaliação Institucional consistiu  na aplicação de questionários  aos discentes. Entre os itens avaliados  de  cada professor, citam-se: domínio do conteúdo, utilização do tempo destinado ao desenvolvimento  da  aula,  apresentação  da  proposta  de  trabalho  da  disciplina,  incentivo  à  participação  nas aulas, esclarecimento de dúvidas  e  coerência entre procedimentos de avaliação e relacionamento do professor com o aluno. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar quais dos itens avaliados mais influenciaram na nota geral do  professor.  Foram  consideradas  2.530  observações,  sendo  verificada  a  existência  de  correlação  dos  itens com a nota geral. Os fatores que mais se correlacionaram com a nota geral foram: esclarecimento de dúvidas aos alunos e apresentação da proposta de trabalho da disciplina. Como foi verificado que mais do que um item influenciou  estatisticamente a nota geral, obteve-se  uma equação de regressão linear múltipla, que permitiu estimar a nota geral do professor em função dos itens avaliados;  o  relacionamento do professor com o aluno foi  o item com maior coeficiente de regressão. Ainda, foram comparadas as médias dos professores de acordo com a titulação e o regime de trabalho. As maiores notas médias foram atribuídas aos docentes especialistas e com regime integral.
Proposta de análise de falhas na coleta de informações para a avaliação de programas de pós-graduação baseada no FMEA
Authors: Kushihara Akim Érica , Coser Mergulhão Ricardo , Ángel Aires Borrás Miguel
Published: June 2016

No  Brasil,  a  avaliação  dos  programas  de  pós-graduação  stricto  sensu  é  efetuada  pela  Coordenação  de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) e compreende a realização de acompanhamento anual e  de avaliação  trienal  dos  programas.  Nesse  processo  avaliativo,  a  CAPES  usa  dados  informados  pelos programas de pós-graduação no aplicativo denominado "Coleta Capes" sobre suas atividades desenvolvidas no período avaliado. Um método que visa aumentar a confiabilidade dos processos pela prevenção de falhas é o FMEA, do inglês Failure Modes and Effects Analysis. Esse método é  amplamente difundido na manufatura, mas pouco estudado no setor de serviços. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste artigo  foi  desenvolver uma proposta para análise de falhas nas informações destinadas à avaliação de programas de pós-graduação, utilizando-se uma  análise documental e de conteúdo. A elaboração desta proposta envolveu a adaptação dos elementos do FMEA,  como  escala  de  gravidade,  ocorrência,  detecção  e  outros,  para  o  uso  no  Coleta  CAPES.  Após  a apresentação da proposta, foi feita uma exemplificação do  seu uso em um dos documentos temáticos do Coleta CAPES.
MONITORAMENTO DE PROCESSO SEIS SIGMA POR GRÁFICOS DE CONTROLE DE SHEWHART
Authors: Marques Caio Augusto Nunes , Ribeiro Júnior José Ivo , De Faria Adriana Ferreira
Published: June 2016

Desenvolvida pela Motorola no final da década de1980, a metodologia Seis Sigma tem sido adotada por diversas empresas em todo o mundo, que têm divulgado ganhos expressivos em virtude de sua aplicação. A metodologia reúne umarsenal de ferramentas e métodos estatísticos e gerenciais empregados na busca de aumento da qualidade via redução da variabilidade dos processos. O Seis Sigma é operacionalizado via DMAIC, ciclo de implantação de melhorias análogo ao PDCA. Na etapa C (de controle) é comum o uso dos gráficos decontrole de Shewhart, em especial da média (Xഥ) para monitoramento da centralidade e o da amplitude (R) para monitoramento da dispersão. Sendo assim, neste trabalho buscou-se identificarplanejamentos do par de gráficos Xഥe R adequados ao monitoramento de processos Seis Sigma. Foram avaliados os desempenhos de 24 combinações desses gráficos para monitoramento de processos sujeitos ao deslocamento da média e, ou, aumento da variação. Por fim, identificou-se que o planejamento com subgrupos racionaisde tamanho cinco e número de desvios-padrão igual a 2,9 é o mais indicado para monitoramento de processos Seis Sigma dentre as combinações estudadas.
EKSISTENSI DAN PARTISIPASI MAJELIS ULAMA INDONESIA DALAM PENGEMBANGAN HUKUM
Authors: Himsyah Fatroyah Asr
Published: June 2016

Hukum Islam sejatinya berputar mengalami perkembangan sesuai dengan perkembangan zaman, dengan berbagai hal baru yang semakin komplek yang membutuhkan legitimasi hukum Islam. Maka, sudah menjadi dasar dari hukum Islam sendiri sebagai wujud riil dari "shalihun fikulli zaman wal makan" merespon permasalahan- permasalahan tersebut. Ulama, sebagai kunci utama dalam menjalankan perguliran roda hukum Islam ini menjadi hal terpenting untuk menghindari kembali kejumudan hukum yang pernah terjadi pada beberapa dekade lalu dalam dunia Islam. Terbentuknya Majelis Ulama Indonesia sebagai organisasi masyarakat yang menampung berbagai variasi permasalahan yang telah banyak bermunculan, dirasa sangat tepat keberadaannya. Akan tetapi, posisinya saat ini, saling tarik ulur, antara pemerintah dan masyarakat. Bagaimana keberadaan MUI ini menjalankan fungsinya dalam penyebaran hukum Islam di Indonesia, menjadi topik yang menarik untuk diangkat dalam tulisan ini.

Islamic law always changes and develops based on the developing of the ages where there are varieties of dynamic problems which need Islamic law legitimacy. Therefore, the Islamic law which is addressed as “shalihun fikulli zaman wal makan” must response those problems especially modern problems. Ulama, as an eminent key in turning of Islamic law, becomes important for avoiding Islamic law rigidities as happened previously in Islamic world. The founding of Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) as society organization which accommodates some problems is very crucial. However, its position is still problematic due to its duty to accommodate two sides, government and society. This position will influence how MUI runs its functions in distributing of Fatwa as Islamic law product in Indonesia. That problem becomes the main
topic which is explored in this paper.

Kata kunci: hukum Islam, pemerintahan, masyarakat
MAHMOUD MUHAMED TAHA: REDEFINISI KONSEP NASAKH SEBAGAI PEMBENTUK SYARIAT HUMANIS
Authors: Fathina Rasyidah
Published: June 2016

Islam adalah agama Rahmatan lil alamin dan Shalih likulli zaman wa makan. Islam yang dibutuhkan oleh umatnya adalah Islam yang lebih bersifat humanis untuk memecah hegemoni diantara umat Islam akibat permasalahan jenis kelamin, perbedaan agama dan sebagainya. Mahmoud Muhamed Taha adalah salah satu tokoh intelektual muslim yang mengajukan gagasan untuk memberikan definisi ulang terhadap konsep nasakh sebagai salah satu upaya membentuk syariat yang lebih bersifat humanis sehingga Islam mampu menjadi agama yang Rahmatan lil ‘alamin sebagaimana misi yang dibawa oleh Islam itu sendiri.

Islam is rahmatan lil alamin (blessing for the entire world) and shalil li kulli zaman wa makan ( can be implemented through time and space) religion. More humane Islam is needed by its adherents to break the hegemony among muslims due to gender, religion and some other problems. Mahmoud Muhamed Taha is one of prolific intellectual muslim who argues to redefine the concept of nasakh as the effort to build more humane syariat (Islamic Law) in order Islam is able to be Rahmatan lil‘alamin religion as it brings that mission.

Kata Kunci: Nasakh, Syariat, ayat Makkiyah, Ayat Madaniyyah
PERANAN TRADISI NGUSONG BARANG DALAM PEMBENTUKAN KELUARGA SAKINAH PADA MASYARAKAT OKI PALEMBANG
Authors: Alkautsar Akmal
Published: June 2016

Persoalan tradisi dalam perkawinan tidak diatur dalam al Qur’an dan al Hadis secara terperinci sehingga kriteria dan teknik operasionalnya berbeda-beda dalam masyarakat seperti tradisi Ngusong Barang pada masyarakat Kayu Agung. sebuah tradisi prosesi barang bawaan sebagai timbal balik dari pemberian mahar pada saat perkawinan yang bertujuan untuk mewujudkan keluarga sakinah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah
untuk mendeskripsikan pandangan masyarakat tentang tradisi Ngusong Barang dan juga untuk mendeskripsikan hubungannya dalam pembentukan keluarga sakinah.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian sosiologis fenemenologis dan pendekatan deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tradisi Ngusong Barang mempunyai
arti yang sangat penting dan mempunyai makna baik secara filosofis sebagai lambang eratnya hubungan tali silaturrahim dan sesuatu yang dapat mengangkat martabat seseoarang, besan, dan kalangan masyarakat adat Morge Siwe.

Qoran and hadith do not regulate marriage tradition in detail as its criteria and operational technique may be implemented differently such as Ngusong Barang tradition in kayu Agung Society. It is a tradition of bringing some marriage gift process as the changing dowry of marriage in order to build harmonious family. The objective of this research is to describe society's perception on Ngusong Barang tradition and its reationship with harmonious family. This research uses fphenomenologycal and
sociological method as well as descriftive approach. The result shows that the tradition of bringing marriage gift has significant meaning philosophically as the symbol of tied relationship and it can rise the dignity of parents in-law including Morge Siwe
society.
Kata kunci: keluarga sakinah, ngusong barang, barang bawaan
TRADISI BERGUBALAN DALAM PERKAWINAN MASYARAKAT MUARA ENIM SUMATERA SELATAN MENURUT PERSPEKTIF ISLAM
Authors: Hindi Ardiun
Published: June 2016

Bergubalan adalah sebuah tradisi pelamaran gadis yang berlangsung di Desa Pagar Agung, Kecamatan Rambang, Kabupaten Muara Enim Sumatera Selatan. Dalam tradisi tersebut peminang tidak menemui orang tua gadis yang diinginkannya, akan tetapi hanya mengutarakan keinginannya kepada gadis yang disenanginya. Ketika keduanya sepakat menikah, maka mereka bisa bermufakat untuk pulang ke rumah salah satu perangkat desa, seperti Kepala Desa, dengan tujuan agar segera dinikahkan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan field research (penelitian lapangan)
dan pendekatan dekriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan sumber data primer dan sekunder yang dikumpulkan melalui metode observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Data dianaisa dengan mengunakan metode deskritif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tradisi Bergubalan dilihat dari berbagai sudut pandang baik dari
konsep dasar peminangan (khithbah) dan perkawinan maupun dilihat dari konsep dasar adat (‘urf), tidak ditemukan hal-hal yang berkonfrontasi dengan Islam, oleh karenanya bergubalan ditinjau dari hukum Islam adalah boleh (mubah).
Bergubalan is a marriage proposal tradition which runs in Pagar Agung village, Rembang sub-district, Muara Enim, North Sumatera. In this Tradition, a man does not propose marriage to the girl's parents or her guardian but he will ask the girl directly. If both of them agree each other to marry, they will come to official village in order they can marry soon. This research is conducted by field research method and qualitative descriptive approach. It also uses primary and secondary source data which are collected by observation methode, interview and documentation. The data are analyzised by qualitative descriptive method.The result shows that Begubalan
tradition is not confronting with Islam from marriage proposal ( khitbah)basic concept and custom urf) basic concept. Therefore this tradition is allowed in Islam.
Kata Kunci: Tradisi, Pelamaran, Begubalan,
TRADISI KELAKAT DALAM PERKAWINAN MASYARAKAT MUSLIM KELURAHAN LOLOAN TIMUR KABUPATEN JEMBRANA BALI
Authors: Admin Usriah
Published: June 2016

Suatu kepercayaan pada sebagian orang tua calon pengantin untuk melaksanakan ritual kelakat dalam proses perkawinan. Jika tidak dilaksanakan ada keyakinan salah satu dari keluarga calon pengantin akan mendapatkan musibah. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pemahaman serta pandangan masyarakat terhadap tradisi kelakat dalam perkawinan bagi masyarakat muslim di Loloan Timur Jembrana Bali. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengumpulan data observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwasannya para tokoh agama dan tokoh masyarakat sekitar sependapat jika tradisi kelakat merupakan tradisi yang dapat membawa masyarakat pada kemusyrikan. Dalam pandangan syara` dari segi keabsahannya, tradisi kelakat termasuk al-`urf al-fasid, yaitu dikarenakan tradisi ini menggunakan ritual meminta perlindungan dari para leluhur.

It is a belief among parents of bride or groom to practice kelakat ritual in marriage process. If they do not practice that kind of ritual, the family will get bad luck. The aim of this research is to know the understanding and perception of people towards this tradition among Muslim society in East Loloan, Jembrana Bali. This research is qualitative research with ethnography approach. It uses observation, interview and
documentation technique of data collecting. The result of this research reveals that religious figures as well as social figures agree that practicing kelakat is prohibited due to its impact which will bring society into belief to more than one God. In term of Islamic Law, it s legality is part of al-`urf al-fasid (bad tradition) because it uses asking guardianship from the ancestors ritual.
Kata Kunci; Tradisi Kelakat, Leluhur, Ritual
IMPLEMENTASI UU NOMOR 38 TAHUN 1999 PASAL 16 TENTANG PENDAYAGUNAAN ZAKAT DI BAZ KABUPATEN MALANG
Authors: Rozaq Abd.
Published: June 2016

Efficiency of Zakat becomes the most vital source of funds that can be utilized for the welfare of the community, especially to alleviate people from poverty and eliminate social inequality, and therefore this sector is used as a measure of success of a Baz / LAZ in Malang. This study used a qualitative descriptive method with sociological or empirical approach, in data collection using interviews and documentation so that primary data is the result of interviews and the data available at the Office Baz Malang. While in data analysis using descriptive manner. The results of this study indicate that the utilization of funds Baz ZIS in Malang Regency is in conformity with article 16 of Law No.38 of article 1, but in article 2 of this Baz Malang Regency is not maximized due to lack of cooperation among managers with mustahiq.
Pendayagunaan zakat menjadi sumber dana yang paling vital sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan bagi kesejahteraan masyarakat terutama untuk mengentaskan masyarakat dari kemiskinan dan menghilangkan kesenjangan sosial, oleh karena itu sektor ini dijadikan sebagai tolak ukur tingkat keberhasilan sebuah BAZ/LAZ di Kabupaten Malang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan sosiologis atau empiris, dalam pengumpulan data menggunakan metode wawancara dan dokumentasi sehingga data primernya adalah hasil wawancara dan data yang ada di Kantor BAZ Kabupaten Malang. Sedangkan dalam analisa data menggunakan cara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pendayagunaan dana ZIS di BAZ Kabupaten Malang sudah sesuai dengan UU No.38 pasal 16 pasal 1, akan tetapi pada pasal 2 ini BAZ Kabupaten Malang belum maksimal disebabkan kurang adanya kerja sama antar pengelola dengan mustahiq.

 
EFEKTIVITAS PENGELOLAAN ZAKAT DI BAZDA KOTA BLITAR DITINJAU DARI UU NOMOR 38 TAHUN 1999
Authors: Kadir Abdul
Published: June 2016

The teaching of alms is a comprehensive ritual for social responsibility. In Indonesia, the discussion about Islamic economy leads to the discussion of alms and its  implementation. The law base of alms is UU no 38/1999. Bazda kota Blitar is one center of alms collection in East Java. The collected data shows that the management of Bazda cannot work as effectively as it is expected. There are at least three main problems: limitation of facility, lack of professional human resources, and lack of political will. Ajaran sedekah adalah ritual komprehensif untuk tanggung jawab sosial. Di Indonesia, diskusi tentang ekonomi Islam mengarah pada diskusi tentang zakat dan pelaksanaannya. Dasar hukum zakat adalah UU no 38/1999. Bazda kota Blitar adalah salah satu pusat pengumpulan zakat di Jawa Timur. Data yang dikumpulkan menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan Bazda tidak bisa bekerja secara efektif seperti yang diharapkan. Setidaknya ada tiga masalah utama: keterbatasan fasilitas, kurangnya sumber daya manusia yang profesional, dan kurangnya kemauan politik.
Kata kunci : efektivitas, Management Zakat, UU No. 38/1999
PERAN NEGARA DALAM MENGOPTIMALKAN ZAKAT DI INDONESIA
Authors: Herdianto Ahmad Wahyu
Published: June 2016

Abstrak
Zakat has strategic potential to be developed into an instrument of income distribution. In Indonesia, its potential is not professionally managed. This paper examines the reality of the optimization of zakat in Indonesia to know the development of its management, its practice management and its distribution as well as the role of the State using charity funds to alleviate poverty. In the matter of charity, maximizing both the state’s role as regulator to revise Act No. 38 of 1999 on Zakat Management, as a facilitator for the optimization of application management functions, the use of information technology in the management of alms and as a motivator for socialization, education, guidance, and conscious movement of zakat and the role of the state as a distributor to apply the model of equal distribution and eight channels growth for productive activities is very significant to note.
Zakat memiliki potensi strategis untuk dikembangkan menjadi salah satu instrumen pemerataan pendapatan. Di Indonesia, potensi zakat belum dikelola secara profesional. Tulisan ini bermaksud mengkaji realita optimalisasi zakat di Indonesia untuk mengetahui perkembangan pengelolaan zakat,  praktek pengelolaan dan penyaluran zakat, serta peranan negara menggunakan dana zakat untuk mengentaskan kemiskinan. Dalam persoalan zakat,  maksimalisasi peran negara baik sebagai regulator untuk merevisi UU No 38 Tahun 1999 Tentang Pengelolaan Zakat, sebagai fasilitator untuk optimalisasi penerapan fungsi manajemen, penggunaan teknologi informasi di dalam pengelolaan zakat dan  sebagai motivator untuk melakukan sosialisasi zakat, pendidikan, pembinaan, maupun gerakan sadar zakat serta peran negara sebagai distributor untuk menerapkan model pemerataan dan pertumbuhan delapan jalur untuk kegiatan produktif sangat signifikan untuk diperhatikan.
Kata Kunci: Negara, Pengelolaan, Penyaluran, Dana Zakat.
PERSEPSI KYAI PONDOK PESANTREN TERHADAP ZAKAT PROFESI
Authors: Faridah Faridah
Published: June 2016

Profession zakat is taken in every job or certain professional skills, whether committed alone or which is conducted with other agencies or goverments. In this research, researchers used a qualitative approach, and this research are descriptive. Data collection techniques, using the method of interview, observation, and documentation. Based on data obtained from informants in boarding school Nurul Quran and Nurul Jadid. Differences of opinion among the informants because: First, there is no regulation that specifically about the profession zakat. Second, the absence of arguments, texts and opinions of classical ulama specifically profession zakat. Third, the difficulty of the informants to make qiyas of profession zakat. This difference only occurs in the term only. BUT, the substance IS the same, that is the informants agree with the profession zakat.

Zakat profesi merupakan zakat yang diambil pada setiap pekerjaan atau keahlian profesional tertentu, baik yang dilakukan sendirian maupun yang dilakukan bersama instansi lain atau pemerintah. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dan sifatnya deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data, menggunakan metode wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh
dari para informan di pondok pesantren Nurul Jadid dan Nurul Qur’an. Terjadinya perbedaan pendapat diantara para informan disebabkan oleh: Pertama, belum adanya undang-undang yang secara rinci membahas tentang zakat profesi. Kedua, tidak adanya dalil, nash dan pendapat ulama klasik yang
membahas secara khusus zakat profesi. Ketiga, Kesulitan para informan dalam men-qiyas-kan zakat profesi. Perbedaan ini hanya terjadi pada istilahnya saja. Sedangkan subtansinya sama, yaitu para informan setuju dengan adanya zakat profesi.
Kata Kunci: Persepsi, Kyai, Zakat Profesi.
PEMIKIRAN YUSUF QARDHAWI MENGENAI ZAKAT SAHAM DAN OBLIGASI
Authors: Fauziyah Ririn
Published: June 2016

Ijtihad in the field of zakat has been started since the launch of Yusuf Qardhawi writings, Fiqh al-Zakâh. Zakat which has been traditionally interpreted, broken down by Yusuf Qaradawi to create newcategories, namely zakat stocks and bonds. The objectif of research is to finding Yusuf Qardhawi’sthought about zakat stocks and bonds. This type of research is study of literature, and the research are descriptive. Qardhawi’s opinion, factories and buildings can be analogous to agricultural land, so that zakat must be paid 10% or 5% of net revenues. Meanwhile for trading company, its zakat taken from its appropriate at the prevailing market price plus a profit. Bond issued zakat taken when bonds were already in the hands of the owner for a year or more. The bonds that bring interest, such as obligatory
zakat issued trading, must be paid 2.5%.

Ijtihad dalam bidang zakat telah dimulai sejak Yusuf Qardhawi meluncurkan karya tulisnya, Fiqh al-Zakâh. Zakat yang selama ini dimaknai secara tradisional, didobrak oleh Yusuf Qardhawi dengan membuat kategori baru, yaitu zakat saham dan obligasi. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pemikiran Yusuf Qardhawi mengenai zakat saham dan obligasi. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian kepustakaan dan sifatnya penelitian deskriptif. Menurut Qardhawi, pabrik dan gedung dapat dianalogikan dengan tanah pertanian, sehingga harus dikeluarkan zakatnya 10% atau 5% dari pendapatan bersih.
Sedangkan perusahaan perdagangan, zakatnya diambil dari sahamnya sesuai harga yang berlaku di pasar ditambah keuntungan. Zakat obligasi wajib dikeluarkan bila obligasi itu sudah berada di tangan pemilik selama satu tahun atau lebih. Obligasi yang mendatangkan bunga, wajib dikeluarkan zakatnya seperti zakat perdagangan, yaitu sebesar 2.5%.

Kata kunci: Pemikiran Yusuf Qardhawi, Zakat Saham dan Obligasi.
PANDANGAN AKTIVIS HIZBUT TAHRIR INDONESIA (HTI) DI MALANG TENTANG METODE IJTIHAD HTI DALAM BIDANG POLITIK DAN IBADAH
Authors: Arifan Fadh Ahmad
Published: June 2016

This research examines the views of HTI activists Malang to the methods of ijtihad in the field of politics and Worship. By using qualitative method and interview, the research concludes that HTI’s method of ijtihad in the field of political activists beginning with fahmul waqi ‘and fahmul nash as well a methods formulated bt HT (ijtihad manhaji). If the problem is quite old, they take reference  in the books of HT such as the Islamic system of Islamic government and muqaddimah dustur. If they do not refer to the text of their book but apply it straight to the nash, then the ijtihad will not violate what has been outlined in hizb books. In the field of worship, it becomes individual responsibility. HTI Malang city officials suggest that every member of HTI should ideally use the strongest arguments (metode tarjih) in ritual practices.

Penelitian ini mengkaji pandangan aktivis HTI Malang terhadap metode ijtihad HTI dalam bidang politik dan Ibadah. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dan interview, penelitian menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa metode ijtihad aktivis HTI dalam bidang politik diawali dengan fahmul waqi’ dan fahmul nash serta metode yang dirumuskan HT (ijtihad manhaji). Kalau permasalahan lama, cukup mengambil rujukan (aplikatif) dalam kitab-kitab HT seperti sistem pemerintahan dalam Islam, dan muqaddimah dustur.  Jika merekaTidak merujuk pada teks kitabnya tapi langsung ke nashnya, maka ijtihadnya tidak akan menyalahi apa yg sudah digariskan dalam buku-buku hizb. Sedangkan dalam bidang ibadah diserahkan kepada masing-masing individu. Petinggi HTI kota Malang dalam persoalan ritual ibadah menginginkan agar setiap anggota HTI idealnya memakai dalil terkuat (metode tarjih)
METODE PENENTUAN WAKTU SHOLAT DI MASJID-MASJID KABUPATEN MALANG
Authors: Fanani Tolha Hasyim
Published: June 2016

Time is very important in human life. Any human activity that is both personal and social, religious or not will be detached from the context of time. Determination of time praying in mosques Malang district already uses advances in science, but has not been followed by all existing mosques. Mosques like this will follow any rule or determination of the time for prayer that is sent to them. And the prayer schedule is usually annual in nature, although there are several mosques that use radio to keep abreast of current prayer time information.

Waktu merupakan sesuatu yang sangat penting dalam kehidupan manusia. Segala kegiatan manusia baik yang bersifat pribadi dan sosial, maupun keagamaan tidak akan terlepas dari konteks waktu. Penentuan waktu shalat di masjid-masjid Kabupaten Malang sudah menggunakan kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan, tetapi belum diikuti oleh seluruh masjid yang ada. Masjid-masjid seperti ini akan mengikut saja ketentuan atau penentuan waktu shalat yang dikirimkan pada mereka. Dan biasanya jadwal waktu shalat tersebut sifatnya tahunan, meskipun ada beberapa masjid yang menggunakan jasa radio untuk mengikuti perkembangan informasi waktu shalat terkini.

 

 
IMPLEMENTASI WAKAF TUNAI DI MASJID DARUSH SHOLIKHIN KOTA BATU
Authors: Puspita Ira Chandra
Published: June 2016

This writing aims at identifying problems that emerged in cash waqaf in Darush Sholikhin Mosque Batu and to understand about cash waqf mechanism and its adjustments according to the Indonesian law. Nadzir of Darush Sholikhin Mosque applied effectiveness approach in using cash waqf result, namely waqaf fund. This waqf was directly used to build the Mosque. The implementation of cash waqaf in Darush Sholikhin is a form of traditional waqf which is not accommodated in UUW and PP Number 42,

2006 regulating cash waqaf implementation as investment that must be implemented through Shari’ah Financial Institutions (LKS) pointed by Minister. Although the base of its implementation still refers to cash waqaf books issued by Division of Waqaf, Department of Religious Affairs of Indonesia, its implementation has not fulfilled the requirements as stated in cash waqf regulation.  Nonetheless, it is implementation is appropriate with fiqh wakaf that is lawful in Islamic perspective.

 

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi masalah yang muncul pada wakaf tunai di Masjid Darush Sholikhin Batu dan memahami mekanisme wakaf tunai berikut kesesuaiannya dengan peraturan perundangan yang berlaku di Indonesia. Nadzir masjid Darush Sholikhin menerapkan pendekatan efektifitas pemanfaatan hasil dari wakaf tunai. Dana wakaf yang diterima diwujudkan secara langsung dalam pembangunan masjid tersebut. Pelaksanaan wakaf tunai di Darush Sholikhin merupakan pelaksanaan wakaf tradisional yang tidak terakomodir oleh UUW dan PP No. 42 tahun 2006, yang mengatur mengenai pelaksanaan wakaf tunai sebagai investasi yang harus dilakukan melalui LKS yang ditunjuk oleh menteri. Meskipun dasar pelaksanaannya masih berpedoman pada buku-buku tentang wakaf tunai yang dikeluarkan oleh Direktorat Pemberdayaan Wakaf, Departemen Agama Republik Indonesia, pelaksanaannya tidak memenuhi ketentuan dalam perundang-undangan tentang pelaksanaan wakaf tunai. Akan tetapi, pelaksanaannya sesuai dengan ketentuan Fiqh wakaf sehingga sah hukumnya dalam perspektif Islam.

 
PELAKSANAAN AKAD TABARRU ’ PADA ASURANSI SYARIAH (Studi di Takaful Indonesia Cabang Malang)
Authors: Fidhayanti Dwi
Published: June 2016

This study aims at analyzing tabarru’ concept based on The Sharia National Council of Fatwa No.53/ DSN-MUI/III/2006 in Islamic Insurance and Islamic Reinsurance. Research method which is applied in this research is qualitative research and data are collected through interviews and documentation. Data are analyzed by descriptive method. The results shows that the implementation of the tabarru’ agreement in Takaful Indonesia has been accordance with a Sharia National Council of fatwa about tabarru’ agreement in Islamic Insurance and Islamic Reinsurance. However, there is a gap of tabarru’ agreement between theory and reality contained in the Takaful Indonesia, namely the existence of a refund system contributions (tabarru’ funds and ujrah) that have been given when it unilaterally terminated the agreement by the participants before the period of the agreement runs out. It should not be practiced because tabarru’ agreement is similar with the grant.

 

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa konsep tabarru’berdasarkan Fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional No.53/DSN-MUI/III/2006  pada  Asuransi  Syariah  dan  Reasuransi  Syariah.  Metode  penelitiannya yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dan data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisa dengan menggunakan metode analisis data deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan akad tabarru’ pada Takaful Indonesia sesuai dengan fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional tentang Akad Tabarru’ pada Asuransi Syariah dan Reasuransi Syariah. Namun, terdapat kesenjangan mengenai akad tabarru’ antara teori dengan realita yang terdapat pada Takaful Indonesia, yaitu mengenai adanya sistem pengembalian dana kontribusi (dana tabarru’ dan ujrah) yang telah diberikan ketika perjanjian diputus secara sepihak oleh peserta sebelum periode perjanjian habis, seharusnya hal ini tidak boleh dilakukan karena Akad Tabarru’ sama dengan hibah.

 
Controls on methane concentrations and fluxes in streams draining human‐dominated landscapes
Authors: Crawford John T. , Stanley Emily H.
Published: June 2016

Streams and rivers are active processors of carbon, leading to significant emissions of CO2 and possibly CH4 to the atmosphere. Patterns and controls of CH4 in fluvial ecosystems remain relatively poorly understood. Furthermore, little is known regarding how major human impacts to fluvial ecosystems may be transforming their role as CH4 producers and emitters. Here, we examine the consequences of two distinct ecosystem changes as a result of human land use: increased nutrient loading (primarily as nitrate), and increased sediment loading and deposition of fine particles in the benthic zone. We did not find support for the hypothesis that enhanced nitrate loading down‐regulates methane production via thermodynamic or toxic effects. We did find strong evidence that increased sedimentation and enhanced organic matter content of the benthos lead to greater methane production (diffusive + ebullitive flux) relative to pristine fluvial systems in northern Wisconsin (upper Midwest, USA). Overall, streams in a human‐dominated landscape of southern Wisconsin were major regional sources of CH4 to the atmosphere, equivalent to ~20% of dairy cattle emissions, or ~50% of a landfill's annual emissions. We suggest that restoration of the benthic environment (reduced fine deposits) could lead to reduced CH4 emissions, while decreasing nutrient loading is likely to have limited impacts to this ecosystem process.