bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RGB-D Data-based Action Recognition: A Review
Authors: Shaikh Muhammad Bilal , Chai Douglas
Published: January 2021

Classification of human actions from uni-modal and multi-modal datasets is an ongoing research problem in computer vision. This review is aimed to scope current literature on data-fusion and action-recognition techniques and to identify gaps and future research direction. Success in producing cost-effective and portable vision-based sensors has dramatically increased the number and size of datasets. The rise in number of action recognition datasets intersects with advances in deep-learning architectures and computational support, both of which offer significant research opportunities. Naturally, each action-data modality - such as RGB, depth, skeleton, and infrared - has distinct characteristics; therefore, it is important to exploit the value of each modality for better action recognition. In this article we will focus solely on areas such as data fusion and recognition techniques in the context of vision with a uni-modal and multi-modal perspective. We conclude by discussing research challenges, emerging trends, and possible future research directions.
Optimal Adaptive Gain LQR-based Energy Management Strategy for Battery-Supercapacitor Hybrid Power System
Authors: Ferahtia Seydali , Djerioui Ali , Mesbahi Tedjani , Houari Azeddine , Zeghlache Samir , Rezk Hegazi , Paul Théophile
Published: January 2021

This paper aims at presenting an energy management strategy (EMS) based upon optimal control theory for a battery-supercapacitor hybrid power system. The hybrid power system consists of a Lithium-ion battery and a supercapacitor with associated bidirectional DC/DC converters. The proposed EMS aims at computing adaptive gains using salp swarm algorithm and load following control technique to assign the power reference for both the supercapacitor and the battery while achieving optimal performance and stable voltage. The DC-DC converter model is derived utilizing the first-principles method and compute the required gains to achieve the desired power. The fact that the developed algorithm takes disturbances into account increases the power ele-ments’ life expectancies and supplies the power system with the required power
A Model for Characteristic X-Ray Emission in Electron Probe Microanalysis based on the Spherical Harmonic (PN) Method for Electron Transport
Authors: Buenger Jonas , Richter Silvia , Torrilhon Manuel
Published: January 2021

Classical k-ratio models, e.g. ZAF and phi(rho z), used in electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) assume a homogeneous or multi-layered material structure, which essentially limits the spatial resolution of EPMA to the size of the interaction volume where characteristic x-rays are produced. We present a new model for characteristic x-ray emission that avoids assumptions on the material structure to not restrict the resolution of EPMA a-priori. Our model bases on the spherical harmonic (PN) approximation of the Boltzmann equation for electron transport in continuous slowing down approximation. PN models have a simple structure, are hierarchical in accuracy and well-suited for efficient adjoint-based gradient computation, which makes our model a promising alternative to classical models in terms of improving the resolution of EPMA in the future. We present results of various test cases including a comparison of the PN model to a minimum entropy moment model as well as Monte-Carlo (MC) trajectory sampling, a comparison of PN-based k-ratios to k-ratios obtained with MC, a comparison with experimental data of electron backscattering yields as well as a comparison of PN and Monte-Carlo based on characteristic X-ray generation in a three-dimensional material probe with fine structures.
Temperature Dependent Viral Tropism: An Explanation of the Seasonality and Pathogenicity of the Endemic Respiratory Viruses
Authors: Shaw Stewart Patrick
Published: January 2021

This review seeks to explain four features of viral respiratory illnesses that have perplexed many generations of microbiologists: (1) the seasonal occurrence of viral respiratory illness; (2) the occurrence of respiratory illness year-round in the Tropics; (3) the rapid response of illness to temperature drops in temperate regions; (4) the explosive arrival and rapid termination of epidemics caused by influenza and other respiratory viruses. I discuss the inadequacy of the popular explanations of seasonality, and propose a simple hypothesis, called Temperature Dependent Viral Tropism (TD-VT), that is compatible with the above and other features of respiratory illness. TD-VT notes that viruses can often transmit themselves more effectively if they moderate their pathogenicity (thereby maintaining the mobility of their hosts) and suggests that most endemic respiratory viruses accomplish this by developing thermal sensitivity, in the sense that they normally replicate rapidly only at temperatures below normal body temperature. This allows them to confine themselves to the upper respiratory tract and to avoid infecting the lungs, heart, gut etc. I review biochemical and tissue-culture studies that found that “wild” respiratory viruses often show natural thermal sensitivity within a range that supports organ-specific tropism within the human body, and I discuss the evident tendency for viral strains to adapt their thermal sensitivity to their local climate and season. I also explore the possible misinterpretation of early experiments where volunteers were inoculated nasally with viral samples and then chilled. Next, I discuss the practical implications of the TD-VT hypothesis for preventing and treating respiratory illness. Finally, I note that the hypothesis is very testable and make suggestions for the most important experiments to increase our understanding of the seasonality and pathogenicity of viral respiratory illness.
Role of Traditional Ethnobotanical Knowledge and Indegenous Communities in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Kumar Ajay
Published: January 2021

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) envisaged under Agenda 2030 are a set of seventeen goals which envisage a holistic approach towards attaining certain targets keeping humankind and the planet at center. There are a total 169 targets spread across seventeen goals covering wide ranging issues and challenges the world is facing in the twenty-first century. And they are to be achieved by 2030. Concerted efforts of all the stakeholders ranging from indigenous communities, common citizens, scientists, policy makers, world leaders are needed to achieve all the goals and targets Of the seventeen goals, at least seven goals are of interest to the ethnobotanists and are associated with traditional ethnobotanical knowledge. Therefore to achieve those set of goals, a thorough understanding is required to disentangle the intricacies involving traditional ethnobotanical knowledge, indigenous people as traditional knowledge holders and their future role. Understanding relationships between traditional ethnobotanical knowledge and indegenous communities, seeking cooperation from and establishing partnerships with them would help us design policies to achieve intended outcomes of SDGs. In this paper, particular attention is attracted towards the potential role of traditional ethnobotanical knowledge in achieving select sustainable development goals and targets.
Complementary Convolution Residual Networks for Semantic Segmentation in Street Scenes with Deep Gaussian CRF
Authors: Li Yongbo , Ma Yuanyuan , Cai Wendi , Xie Zhongzhao , Zhao Tao ,   School of Automation, China University of Geosciences No.388 Lumo Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China,   Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Intelligent Automation for Complex Systems No.388 Lumo Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
Published: January 2021

To understand surrounding scenes accurately, the semantic segmentation of images is vital in autonomous driving tasks, such as navigation, and route planning. Currently, convolutional neural networks (CNN) are widely employed in semantic segmentation to perform precise prediction in the dense pixel level. A recent trend in network design is the stacking of small convolution kernels. In this work, small convolution kernels (3 × 3) are decomposed into complementary convolution kernels (1 × 3 + 3 × 1, 3 × 1 + 1 × 3), the complementary small convolution kernels perform better in the classification and location tasks of semantic segmentation. Subsequently, a complementary convolution residual network (CCRN) is proposed to improve the speed and accuracy of semantic segmentation. To further locate the edge of objects precisely, A coupled Gaussian conditional random field (G-CRF) is utilized for CCRN post-processing. Proposal approach achieved 81.8% and 73.1% mean Intersection-over-Union (mIoU) on PASCAL VOC-2012 test set and Cityscapes test set, respectively.
Intelligent Compensating Method for MPC-Based Deviation Correction with Stratum Uncertainty in Vertical Drilling Process
Authors: Zhang Dian , Wu Min , Lu Chengda , Chen Luefeng , Cao Weihua , Hu Jie ,   School of Automation, China University of Geosciences No.388 Lumo Road, Hongshan, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China,   Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Intelligent Automation for Complex Systems No.388 Lumo Road, Hongshan, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China,   Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Technology for Geo-Exploration, Ministry of Education No.388 Lumo Road, Hongshan, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
Published: January 2021

With the rapid development of control technology, increasing applications are using model predictive control (MPC) for deviation correction in vertical drilling. However, the accuracy of the predictive model is affected by the uncertainty of the stratum, which results in model mismatch and a reduction in control performance. In this paper, an intelligent compensating method is proposed for MPC-based deviation correction with stratum uncertainty in a vertical drilling process to increase control accuracy. First, a trajectory extension model is introduced as the predictive model for MPC, and the uncertainty of the stratum is discussed. Then, the compensation for the MPC is acquired based on a Gaussian fitting method and hybrid bat algorithm. Finally, based on the actual drilling data, a simulation is performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Hybrid Bidirectional Rapidly Exploring Random Tree Path Planning Algorithm with Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Wang Junkui ,   School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology No.5 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China, Hirota Kaoru , Wu Xiangdong , Dai Yaping , Jia Zhiyang
Published: January 2021

The randomness of path generation and slow convergence to the optimal path are two major problems in the current rapidly exploring random tree (RRT) path planning algorithm. Herein, a novel reinforcement-learning-based hybrid bidirectional rapidly exploring random tree (H-BRRT) is presented to solve these problems. To model the random exploration process, a target gravitational strategy is introduced. Reinforcement learning is applied to the improved target gravitational strategy using two operations: random exploration and target gravitational exploration. The algorithm is controlled to switch operations adaptively according to the accumulated performance. It not only improves the search efficiency, but also shortens the generated path after the proposed strategy is applied to a bidirectional rapidly exploring random tree (BRRT). In addition, to solve the problem of the traditional RRT continuously falling into the local optimum, an improved exploration strategy with collision weight is applied to the BRRT. Experimental results implemented in a robot operating system indicate that the proposed H-BRRT significantly outperforms alternative approaches such as the RRT and BRRT. The proposed algorithm enhances the capability of identifying unknown spaces and avoiding local optima.
Forecasting Influenza Based on Autoregressive Moving Average and Holt-Winters Exponential Smoothing Models
Authors: Zhu Guohun , Li Liping , Zheng Yuebin , Zhang Xiaowei , Zou Hui ,   School of EEE, Guilin University of Electronic Technology No.1 Jinji Road, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China,   School of ITEE, The University of Queensland 78-626 General Purpose South Building, St Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia,   School of Public Health, Shantou University No.22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China,   Shantou University Medical College No.22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
Published: January 2021

Influenza outbreaks can be effectively prevented if further outbreaks are predicted as early as possible. This article proposes an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model and a Holt-Winters exponential smoothing (HWES) model to analyze tweet data for predicting influenza outbreaks and to visualize the number of flu-infection-related tweets with heat maps. First, textual influenza data for Australia from June 2015 to June 2017 are collected through the Twitter Application Programming Interface (API). Next, the ARIMA and HWES models are applied to predict the difference between the flu tweets and confirmations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Finally, a visualized heat map based on influenza topics validates the modeling analysis in two different time zones. The results show that the average relative error of the ARIMA (HWES) model is 7.25% (11.29%) for the one-week flu forecast.
Studi Kuat Tekan Beton Speedcrete Dengan Zat Additive Naphthalene Berdasarkan Variasi Umur
Authors: Fauziah Syifa , Anisah Anisah , Musalamah Sittati
Published: January 2021

This research aims to determine the maximum compressive strength value of concrete speedcrete using naphthalene additive additive at each test age and compare with normal concrete 28 days. This research used cylindrical test object with diameter 15 cm and height 30 cm. Speedcrete concrete does not undergo the treatment process while the normal concrete test object through the treatment process. Testing compressive strength of concrete speedcrete using Crushing Test Machine tool. In this research the compressive strength was produced by using superplasticizer type naphthalene and compared with normal concrete without using additive. The target quality plan is fc '35 MPa with the use of additive dose of 1.7% of the weight of cement. The results of this research showed an increase in the value of compressive strength of concrete speedcrete with aadditive materials added naphthalene increased with increasing age of concrete. The results showed that the compressive strength of concrete speedcrete with naphthalene additive materials of 12 hours, 18 hours, 28 hours and 48 hours was 0.5 MPa, 17,81 MPa, 31,14 MPa and 45,77 MPa. Normal strength concrete strength with the addition of 20% water age 28 days that is equal to 54.76 MPa.
Analisis Tingkat Pelayanan Terminal Transjakarta Pada Stasiun Harmoni Central Busway Berdasarkan Persepsi Penumpang
Authors: Anggoro Aditya Galih , Hadi Winoto , Daryati Daryati
Published: January 2021

The result of this research show that level of service (LOS) obtained at  Harmoni Central Busway Station for Friday July 14th, 2017, corridor which included with category LOS A (very good) was corridor 8A. Then, corridors with category LOS B (good) were corridors 1A, 2, 2A, 3, 5C, and 8, while for corridors with category LOS D (bad) were corridors 1 and 9B. For Monday July 16th, 2017, corridors which included with category LOS A (very good) were corridors 1A, 2, 2A, 3, 5C, 8, and 8A, while for corridors with category LOS C (good enough)  were corridors 1 and 9B. For Sunday July 17th, 2017, corridor which included with category LOS A (very good) was corridor 8A. For the next, corridors with category LOS B (good) were corridors 2, 5C, and 8. Then, corridors with category LOS C (good enough) were corridors 1A, 2A, and 3, while for corridors with cateogry LOS D (bad) were corridors 1 and 9B. Value of satisfaction index to 4  factor dimensions of serivce is 66,028%, enter good criteria according to Transjakarta passengers perception at Harmoni Central Busway Station.
PENINGKATAN KUAT TEKAN BETON GEOPOLIMER DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN VARIASI ABU CANGKANG TELUR BEBEK MELALUI PROSES PENGOVENAN
Authors: Anastasia Kinanti , Prihantono Prihantono , Anisah Anisah
Published: January 2021

The objective of this research is to know the increase of compressive strength value of geopolymer concrete using duck egg duck ash with mixture of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide at variation 0%, 80%, 90% and 100% at 7 days with heating specimen and control concrete room temperature. Ash duck egg shell used is burnt waste with temperatures reaching 800 ° C for ± 6 hours using ceramic burning oven. This study uses cylindrical test object with diameter 10 cm and height 20 cm with the quality of plan is fc '20 MPa. Testing of compressive strength of geopolymer concrete using Crushing Test Machine tool. In this purpose, the compressive strength of the geopolymer concrete produced by the concrete test object on variations 0%; 80%; 90%; and 100% ie 0 MPa; 6,32 MPa; 8,57 MPa; and 14,01MPa, while the concrete test object No concrete compressive strength was applied on variations of 0%; 80%; 90%; and 100% ie 7,64 MPa; 4,84MPa; 5,77MPa; and 6.19MPa. It can be seen that the maximum average compressive strength value is present in the 100% variation with the tested object being tested at 83°C first.
Kesesuaian Antara Pelaksanaan Pemeliharaan Fasilitas Pada Terminal Terpadu Pulogebang Sesuai Dengan SOP Peraturan Menteri PU No. 24 PRT/M/2008
Authors: Perdana Lintang Bagus , Lenggogeni Lenggogeni , Pihantono Prihantono
Published: January 2021

This research purpose is to find out the management and maintenance curing of Pulogebang Integrated Bus Terminal already match according to PU Minister Regulations No. 24 PRT/M/2008 SOP. Corresponding to the observation that already do indicates that maintenance and curing assignment in Pulogebang Integrated Bus Terminal are far from optimum. It is because some factor that is SOP (Standart Operational Procedure) that hasn’t been match according to PU Minister Regulations No. 24 PRT/M/2008, bureaucracy system in the government, feebleness in control system and facility that not appropriate yet according to Ministry of Transportation Regulations No. 132 2015.
ANALISIS MANAJEMEN PEMELIHARAAN DAN PERAWATAN BANGUNAN RUSUNAWA BERDASARKAN PERMEN PU NO.24/PRT/M/2008 (RUSUNAWA PINUS ELOK BLOK A)
Authors: Hidayat Wahyu , Anisah Anisah , Saleh Rosmawita
Published: January 2021

Research aims to analyze maintenance and repair management of Simple Rental Apartment building based on Regulation of Minister of Public Works No.24 / PRT / M / 2008 on guidance of procedure and method of maintenance and repair of building. The rise of vertical government-built residential development is not matched by adequate maintenance management. This research was conducted by analyzing maintenance management to managers, technicians and cleaning service by using interview guides and checklist of conformity table based on Regulation of Minister of Public Works No.24 / PRT / M / 2008.Results of this study states that not maximal maintenance management undertaken Simple Rental Apartment managers. The result of research also found that the suitability level of the method from the observation result the researcher only got percentage of 32% based on Regulation of Minister of Public Works No.24 / PRT / M / 2008.
Pengaruh debt to equity ratio dan current ratio terhadap nilai perusahaan dengan return on asset sebagai variabel intervening
Authors: Imanah Meliani , Alfinur  , Setiyowati Supami Wahyu
Published: January 2021

This study aims to analyze the effect of debt to equity ratio and current ratio on firm value with return on assets as an intervening variable on food and beverages companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period of 2016-2018. The study uses secondary data from the annual report through access to www.idx.co.id. Data were analyzed using path analysis. The total sample of 13 companies and the method of taking sample members used is purposive sampling. The variables of this study consisted of debt to equity ratio and current ratio as exogenous variables, firm value as endogenous variables, and return on assets as intervening variables. The analysis shows that the debt to equity ratio, current ratio and return on assets have a positive effect on firm value. Debt to equity ratio and current ratio also have a positive effect on return on assets. Based on the results of the path analysis of the implications of this research that return on assets can not affect the relationship between debt to equity ratio and current ratio to the firm value so that it can provide input to researchers. It is better to add research periods and use a sample of several other sectors and can also use variables others that can strengthen the results of previous studies
“Hoy es el sacro y venturoso día”: un centón epitalámico de Vera Tassis
Authors: Admin Ojs
Published: January 2021

Este artículo estudia la hibridación entre el epitalamio y la técnica centonaria apreciable en un poema laudatorio de Diego Juan de Vera Tassis dedicado a las nupcias de Carlos II y María Luisa de Borbón (1679).
La tribuna de Ariel. José Enrique Rodó en las publicaciones periódicas
Authors: Admin Ojs
Published: January 2021

El nombre de José Enrique Rodó se asocia, inevitablemente, con su libro más célebre: el ensayo Ariel. Sin embargo, lejos de la forma cerrada del libro, la producción de Rodó estuvo marcada por su participación constante en publicaciones periódicas de diversa índole, desde diarios o semanarios hasta revistas culturales. El objetivo de este estudio es señalar algunos aspectos de la escritura rodoniana que serían impensables sin esa permanente articulación entre la prensa y la literatura que sostuvo su intervención, en tanto que intelectual, en el espacio público. En la construcción de su figura autoral, de ribetes magisteriales, fue crucial la complementariedad entre el libro y la prensa periódica.
Curiosidad y censura en la Edad Moderna | Silvia-Alexandra Ştefan (coord.)
Authors: Admin Ojs
Published: January 2021

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Fiebre de luz y río de corceles. Poesía y erotismo áureo | J. Ignacio Díez
Authors: Admin Ojs
Published: January 2021

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Tono, un humorista de la vanguardia | Fernández-Hoya, Aguilar y Cabrerizo
Authors: Admin Ojs
Published: January 2021

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Optical and acoustical measurement of ballistic noise signatures
Authors: Blevins Matthew , Lyons Gregory , Hart Carl , White Michael
Published: January 2021

Supersonic projectiles in air generate acoustical signatures that are fundamentally related to the projectile’s shape, size, and velocity. These characteristics influence various mechanisms involved in the generation, propagation, decay, and coalescence of acoustic waves. To understand the relationships between projectile shape, size, velocity, and the physical mechanisms involved, an experimental effort captured the acoustic field produced by a range of supersonic projectiles using both conventional pressure sensors and a schlieren imaging system. The results of this ongoing project will elucidate those fundamental mechanisms, enabling more sophisticated tools for detection, classification, localization, and tracking. This paper details the experimental setup, data collection, and preliminary analysis of a series of ballistic projectiles, both idealized and currently in use by the U.S. Military.
Peran Majelis Ulama Indonesia Kabupaten Enrekang dalam Penyadaran Masyarakat Menunaikan Zakat, Infaq, dan Sedekah
Authors: Syandri Syandri , Iskandar Azwar
Published: January 2021

The aim of this research is to understand the role of Majelis Ulama Indonesia (Ulama Council of Indonesia, MUI) in promoting the fulfilment of zakat, infaq, and sedekah among Muslims in Enrekang Regency. This paper applied descriptive method with qualitative approach. Findings reveal that the MUI of Enrekang Regency has implemented several strategic steps regarding its’ advising and guiding roles pertaining to the fulfilment of zakat, infaq, and sedekah. Those steps are: (1) Advocating the collection of zakat, infaq, and sedekah funds, (2) educating the community about zakat, infaq, and sedekah gradually, (3) maintaining good cooperation with Badan Amil Zakat Nasional (BAZNAS) in the regency, and (4) delivering targeted explanation on the importance of the zakat of profession. Keywords: Infaq, Majelis Ulama Indonesia Enrekang, sedekah, and zakat.
Cost-Effective and Functional Alternatives to Thermanox Cover Rings for Tumor Xenotransplantation on Fertilized Chicken Eggs
Authors: Bauer Sonja , Gladkich Jury , Schäfer Michael , Herr Ingrid
Published: January 2021

Tumor xenotransplantation to the chorioallantois membrane (CAM) of fertilized chicken eggs is excellently suited to short-time analysis of xenograft growth and can reduce mouse experiments. However, the limiting factor with egg xenograft experiments is the high price and limited availability of Thermanox plastic cell culture coverslips, which are often sold out and unavailable for weeks. According to the regular protocol, rings are punched from Thermanox plastic cell culture coverslips 13 mm ø and sticked to the CAM. The xenografts are then sown into these rings in order to prevent that they slide around on the CAM. Thermanox rings are well tolerated and do not interfere with the development of chicken embryos. Here we present a method for preparation of comparable, cheaper and always available alternative rings. We evaluated self-made rings from agar and PVC tube and compared their suitability to Thermanox rings. We found that rings of agar and PVC tube achieved the same xenograft sizes and had no side effects on chick embryonal growth, and therefore seem to be as as good as Thermanox rings.
WITHDRAWN: Health and Human Rights Linkage in Bangladesh: Stakeholders’ views from the grassroots
Authors: Rahman Redwanur , Qattan Ameerah
Published: January 2021

Background: Bangladesh has attained substantial progress in healthcare services and population health. This study examines the knowledge and awareness about the linkage between human rights and healthcare among patients, healthcare providers and members of civil society in Bangladesh. Methods: A questionnaire was distributed between May and August 2018 to 483 respondents among patients (health service users), providers, and other groups (includes members of civil society, politicians, social and religious elites, media personnel, and rights-based groups) in a regional area in Bangladesh. Of these participants, 58% were from urban areas and 42% from rural areas. As many as 78% were male and 22% female. A survey method and descriptive data analysis was performed to complete the study. Results: Participants in the study were aware and had knowledge about the linkage between human rights and health service provision, but they claimed the right to health has not been implemented in practice. The non-implementation of the right to healthcare is suggestive of a lack of political will, which negatively contributes to the social well-being of the larger population. It has undesirable effects on the development of the health system and the population’s health status. This reflects poor monitoring and performance of public institutions which has ramifications on the wider social parameters of social justice, equity, democratic values, transparency, and accountability. Conclusion: The development of population health is rooted in maintaining and promoting the right to healthcare. The ethical principle of human rights lies in the notions of human dignity, equity, equality, and social justice. The government should adhere to these values at societal levels and engage multiple stakeholders to promote the right to health for the benefit of a wider population.
Single Pt atoms on Ru nanoparticles for CO-resistant methanol oxidation reaction electrocatalysis
Authors: Poerwoprajitno Agus , Gloag Lucy , Watt John , Cheong Soshan , Henson Aaron , Subhash Bijil , Bedford Nicholas , Miller Benjamin , O'Mara Peter , Benedetti Tania , Huber Dale , Gooding John , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Tilley Richard
Published: January 2021

Single Pt atom catalysts on non-active carbon supports have been key targets for electrochemical reactions because the high exposure of active Pt leads to record-high activities. PtRu alloy catalysts are the most active for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) as the Ru atoms decrease CO poisoning of the active Pt. To combine the exceptional activity of single atom Pt catalysts with the benefits of an active Ru support we must overcome the synthetic challenge of forming single Pt atoms on noble metal nanoparticles. We have developed a concept to grow and spreads Pt islands on faceted Ru branched nanoparticles to make single Pt atom on Ru catalysts. By following the spreading process with in situ TEM, we show that the formation of single atoms is thermodynamically driven by the formation of strong Pt-Ru bonds and a lowering of surface area. The single Pt atom on Ru catalysts successfully limit CO poisoning during MOR to produce record current density and mass activity over time.
Perceptions and Experiences of New Mothers Diagnosed With Tokophobia; Regarding the Quality of Maternal Healthcare Services in Public Hospitals: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Onchonga David , Keraka Margaret , MoghaddamHosseini Vahideh , Várnagy Ákos
Published: January 2021

Background: Quality of maternal care offered in hospitals significantly determines the health outcomes of expectant women and their newborns. The study aimed at understanding the perceptions and experiences of new mothers diagnosed with tokophobia; regarding the quality of maternal services offered in public hospitals in Kenya.Methods: This was a qualitative study consisting of in-depth interviews with 29 women who had given birth recently in a referral hospital in Kenya; and had been screened and found with high fear of childbirth at 22 weeks’ gestation period. The framework for assessing the quality of care of institutional maternity services developed by the University of Southampton was adopted in this study. Thematic analysis was used in this study. Results: The identified challenges were categorized into two: the provision of care and the actual experience of care. In the provision of care, there were perceptions and experiences relating to human and physical resources, inadequate referral systems, and inadequate management of emergencies. In regards to the actual experience of care, there were perceptions and experiences relating to inadequacies in human and physical resources, lack of cognition, lack of respect, dignity and equity, and inadequacies in emotional support.Conclusion: The study identified systemic challenges related to the provision of maternal care and actual experience of care contributing to tokophobia. In this regard, there is a need to judiciously analyze all the critical steps identified in the framework for assessing the quality of maternal care, as this will reduce the intangible challenges identified in this study.
The design of a novel arthroscopy shaver
Authors: Yuan Shiting , Xiao Shanshe , Liu Wentao , Gu Xuelian , Lai Weiguo , Chen Zhi , Liang Peng , Zhao Gaiping
Published: January 2021

Background: Cases of arthroscopic surgery have increased over the past two decades, and arthroscopic shaver systems have become a commonly used orthopedic tool. Nevertheless, most shavers generally have problems such as the cutting edge is not sharp enough and easy to wear. Design and validation: This paper aims to discuss the structural characteristics of BJKMC’s (Bojin◊ Kinetic Medical) novel arthroscopic shaver, the double serrated blade. The product's design and verification process are outlined. BJKMC’s articular arthroscopy shaver has a “tube in a tube” structure, comprising a stainless steel outer sleeve and a rotating hollow inner tube. The outer sleeve and inner tube have corresponding suction and cutting windows, and there are serrated teeth on the inner and outer casing. To verify the design rationality, it was compared to Dyonics◊’s equivalent product, the Incisor◊ Plus Blade. The appearance, cutting tool hardness, metal pipe roughness, cutting tool wall thickness, tooth profile, and angle, overall structure, and the key dimensions were examined and compared.Conclusion: Compared with Dyonics◊’s Incisor◊ Plus Blade, BJKMC’s Double Serrated Blade had a smoother working surface, harder and thinner blade head. Therefore, BJKMC’s product may have satisfactory performance when it comes to surgery.
Undergraduate Medical Education during Coronavirus Disease 2019: Scope and Limitations
Authors: Parveen Mosammat Kohinoor , Hannan Md Jafrul , Ghouri Muhammad Hashim , Anwar Wardah , Arif Muhammad , Naseeb Aeman
Published: January 2021

Background: COVID-19 has highly impacted the education system and has created trends in online classes. To fill in the gap created by lockdown and to continue the uninterrupted learning process, educational institutions worldwide started organizing online classes. Although medical education is mostly practical, it is not safe to conduct on campus classes. This study aimed to measure the scope and limitations of online education and the overall impact of COVID-19 on the medical education system.Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study. Ethical approval was obtained from the ethical committee of the South Point Hospital. Informed consent was obtained. Self-administered questionnaires were administered to participants.Results: E-Learning opportunities were made available in 98.69% of cases; some student forums also participated. Among survey respondents, females predominated (57.39%), and 42% of respondents belonged to rural areas and small towns. Access and quality of internet during online classes was average to poor in 54%, and only 10% said it was good. Zoom was the platform for classes in 98% of situations, followed by Facebook live (41.05%), prerecorded video upload, YouTube link, etc. Sixty percent graded the quality of online classes as good, 10% excellent, and 5% bad. Approximately 43% of the participants evaluated online assessments as good. Of the respondents, 17% faced substantial stress, and 18% did not. Twenty-eight percent of the students faced huge mental stress during COVID-19.Conclusions: E-learning is a new normal during the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the opportunity, medical students benefited greatly, but there was a technological divide. There were also financial and mental stresses to a certain extent.
 Genome-wide Analysis of Long Noncoding RNA Expression Profile in Nasal Mucosa with Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Wei Xian , Xu Man , Wang Chao , Fang Shengjian , Zhang Yu , Wang Weihua
Published: January 2021

Background: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in a variety of human immune diseases. However, the expression profile and precise function of lncRNAs in allergic rhinitis (AR) remain unknown. In the present study, genome-wide analysis of lncRNA expression was performed in the nasal mucosa tissue and mRNA regulatory relationship was examined among patients with or without AR. Methods: Microarray assays were performed and the differential expressions of lncRNAs or mRNA were verified through RT-PCR. The lncRNA functions were annotated using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). The potential regulatory relationships between lncRNAs and the co-expressed mRNAs were analyzed using Cytoscape software. The expressions of specific lncRNAs and mRNAs were examined using an in vitro cell model. Results: A total of 57 lncRNAs and 127 mRNAs were dysregulated in the nasal mucosa tissue of patients with AR, compared to those of patients without AR (fold change ＞2.0 and P ＜0.05). GO and pathway analysis indicated that the lncRNA–co-expressed mRNAs were enriched in several biological processes and cellular signaling pathways related to AR, such as positive regulation of the integrin biosynthetic process, cell adhesion, and leukocyte transendothelial migration. Some lncRNAs regulated the co-expressed genes in a cis- and/or trans-regulatory manner. Furthermore, allergen exposure significantly increased the expression of lnc-CXCL12-4, CXCL12, and CXCR4 in BEAS-2B cells compared to untreated cells (P ＜0.01). Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that lncRNAs participate in the biological pathways related to AR. Leukocyte transepithelial migration may be a potential target for lncRNAs to regulate allergic inflammation and CXCL12/CXCR4 axis plays an important role in the inflammatory process of AR.
Human Amniotic Mesenchymal Stem Cells Inhibit aGVHD in Humanized NPG Mice by Regulating Balance of Treg Versus T Effector Cells
Authors: Gao Ya , Li Weiru , Bu Xiaoyin , Xu Ying , Cai Shengchun , Zhong Jinman , Du Meixue , Sun Haitao , Huang Liping , He Yongjian , Hu Xiumei , Liu Qifa , Jin Hua , Wang Qian , Ping Baohong
Published: January 2021

Background: Acute graft versus host disease(aGVHD) occurs when immunocompetent T cells in the donated tissue recognize the recipient as foreign after allo-HSCT, which can severely affect quality of life. Although previous studies indicated that MSC may be a salvage therapeutic agent for aGVHD, the mechanism is not yet fully clear. The aim of this study was to explore the therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanisms of hAMSCs transplantation for humanized aGVHD mouse model.Methods: We established a novel xenogeneic (xeno)-aGVHD humanized mouse models by transplanting purified human T cells from peripheral blood into immunodeficient NOD-PrkdcscidIl2rγnull (NPG) mouse. In those mouse models, lymphocyte infiltration of target organs was detected by HE staining method and immunohistochemistry respectively. The biological characteristics of hAMSCs were investigated. hAMSCs labeled with GFP were administered to NPG mice to explore the homing ability of hAMSCs. Mice are divided into normal(control) group, aGVHD group and hAMSCs treatment group. After 3 days of injection of PBMC, hAMSCs and PBS were given into the different groups. T effector and Treg cells levels of each group in target organs were detected by flow cytometry and cytometric bead array (CBA).Results: We successfully established xenogeneic aGVHD “humanized model” by using NOD-PrkdcscidIl2rγnull (NPG) mice, which showed lymphocytes infiltration in the liver, spleen and lung. hAMSCs therapy improved systemic inflammation and inhibited aGVHD in humanized mouse through reduced villous blunting and lymphocyte infiltration into the lamina propria of the gut while reducing vascular endothelialitis and lymphocyte infiltration into the parenchyma of the liver and lung. In addition, hAMSCs suppresses xenogenesis CD3+/CD4+ and CD3+/CD8+ T cell concentration and increases the proportion of Treg cells. Our data also show that hAMSC can reduce the level of IL-17A, INF-γ, TNF and IL-2 that involved in the pathogenesis of aGVHD target organs.Conclusions: NPG murine environment is capable of activating human T cells to produce aGVHD pathology to mimic aGVHD in humans. hAMSCs controlled aGVHD by decreasing inflammatory cytokine secretion within target organs through modulating balance of Treg versus T effector cells in humanized mice.
Corneal Hysteresis as A Risk Factor for Optic Nerve Head Surface Depression and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thinning in Glaucoma Patients
Authors: Xu Guihua , Chen Zilin
Published: January 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the role of corneal hysteresis (CH) as a risk factor for progressive ONH surface depression and RNFL thinning measured by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (CSLO) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), respectively in glaucoma patients.Design: Prospective study.Methods: A total of 146 eyes of 90 patients with glaucoma were recruited consecutively. The CH measurements were acquired at baseline and 4-months interval using the Ocular Response Analyzer (Reichert Instruments, Depew, NY). Eyes were imaged by CSLO (Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph [HRT]; Heidelberg Engineering, GmbH, Dossenheim, Germany) and SD-OCT (Cirrus HD-OCT; Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Dublin, CA) at approximately 4-month intervals for measurement of ONH surface topography and RNFL thickness, respectively. Significant ONH surface depression and RNFL thinning were defined with reference to Topographic Change Analysis (TCA) with HRT and Guided Progression Analysis (GPA) with Cirrus HD-OCT, respectively. Multivariate cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate whether CH is a risk factor for ONH surface depression and RNFL progression after adjusting potential confounding factors. Results: All patients with glaucoma were followed for an average of 6.76 years (range, 4.56-7.61 years). Sixty-five glaucomatous eyes (44.5%) of 49 patients showed ONH surface depression, 55 eyes (37.7%) of 43 patients had progressive RNFL thinning and 20 eyes (13.7%) of 17 patients had visual field progression. In the cox proportional hazards model, after adjusting baseline diastolic IOP, CCT, age, baseline disc area and baseline MD, baseline CH was significantly associated with ONH surface depression and visual field progression (HR=0.71, P=0.014 and HR=0.54, P=0.018, respectively), but not with RNFL thinning (HR=1.03, P=0.836). For each 1-mmHg decrease in baseline CH, the hazards for ONH surface depression increase by 29%, and the hazards for visual field progression increase by 46%.Conclusions: The CH measurements were significantly associated with risk of glaucoma progression. Eyes with a lower CH were significantly associated with an increased risk of ONH surface depression and visual field progression in glaucoma patients.
Coronary Tortuosity Overestimate The FFR Measurement In Stenotic Coronary Artery Model
Authors: Liu Jiatong , Zhang Libo , Xu Hongzeng
Published: January 2021

Background: The object of the study is to investigate the effect of coronary tortuosity (CT) on fractional flow reserve (FFR) in stenotic coronary artery.Methods: A three dimensional computational model of simulation of blood flow in stenotic coronary artery with multi-bend CT was constructed with Fluent 16.0 software. Blood was simulated as non-Newtonian fluid with the Carreau model. The simulation of blood flow in coronary artery stenotic model was used by the finite element methods with the condition of CT and no coronary tortuosity (NCT). Coronary artery hemodynamic parameters such as pressure, velocity and physiological diagnostic parameter fractional flow reserve (FFR) were studied in the model with the coronary tortuosity condition.Results: The results showed that the downstream CT impedance condition has significant impacts on numerical simulation. The pressure profile of pre-stenotic is almost identical in the two models. However the pressure in the pre-stenotic and post-stenotic artery domain is much higher in the CT model. The pressure fluctuation range in CT model was much higher than that in the NCT model. In the coronary artey model with 75% stenosis for the CT condition, the FFR was 0.823 while the FFR was 0.767 in the same model with NCT condition.Conclusions: This study provides evidence that FFR value was increased in coronary stenotic artery with the presence of CT. Therefore, it should be taking into account the influence of CT load effect in FFR measurement procedure, otherwise the CAD risk will be underestimated.
Optimizing The Diagnosis and Management of Dementia Within Primary Care: A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews
Authors: Fernandes Brooklynn , Goodarzi Zahra , Holroyd-Leduc Jayna
Published: January 2021

Background: To understand how best to approach dementia care within primary care and its challenges, we examined the evidence related to diagnosing and managing dementia within primary care.Methods: Databases searched include: MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from inception to 11 May 2020. English-language systematic reviews were included if they described interventions involving the diagnosis, treatment and/or management of dementia within primary care/family medicine and outcome data was available. The risk of bias was assessed using AMSTAR 2. The review followed PRISMA guidelines and is registered with Open Science Framework.Results: Twenty-one articles are included. The Mini-Cog and the MMSE were the most widely studied cognitive screening tools. The Abbreviated Mental Test Score (AMTS) achieved high sensitivity (100%, 95% CI: 70%-100%) and specificity (82%, 95% CI: 72%-90%) within the shortest amount of time (3.16 to 5 minutes) within primary care. Five of six studies found that family physicians had an increased likelihood of suspecting dementia after attending an educational seminar. Case management improved behavioural symptoms, while decreasing hospitalization and emergency visits. The primary care educational intervention, Enhancing Alzheimer's Caregiver Health (Department of Veterans Affairs), was successful at increasing carer ability to manage problem behaviours and improving outcomes for caregivers.Conclusions: There are clear tools to help identify cognitive impairment in primary care, but strategies for management require further research. The findings from this systematic review will inform family physicians on how to improve dementia diagnosis and management within their primary care practice.
Characterising the Bacterial Gut Microbiome of Probiotic-supplemented Very Preterm Infants 
Authors: Westaway Jacob , Huerlimann Roger , Kandasamy Yoga , Miller Catherine , Norton Robert , Staunton Kyran , Watson David , Rudd Donna
Published: January 2021

Background:The gut microbiome plays a critical role in the healthy development, immunity and metabolism of infants. Preterm birth disrupts microbiome development and can contribute to acute and chronic disease. To promote microbial and infant development, and to mitigate the risk of disease, premature infants may be treated with probiotics. Here we used 16S rRNA high throughout sequencing to characterize the bacterial microbiome of probiotic-supplemented premature infants. The study aimed to identify and understand variation in bacterial gut flora, including changes from admission to discharge, and the effect of several clinical variables using a combination of univariate and mixed effects analyses.Results: Infants born <32 weeks gestation and <1500 g were recruited in North Queensland, Australia, with faecal samples collected at admission (n = 71) and at discharge (n = 63). Our research builds on previous research and supports significant changes over time in the preterm infant microbiome, and in response to several variables. Univariate analysis showed admission and discharge samples had significantly different microbial populations, with Staphylococcus enriched at admission and Enterobacter, Lactobacillus, Colstridium sensu stricto 1 and Veillonella at discharge. From the mixed effects modeling we observed significantly lower alpha diversity in infants diagnosed with either sepsis or retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and those that only received formula milk. Chorioamnionitis, preeclampsia, sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis and ROP were also all associated with differential abundance of several taxa.Conclusions:Our study builds on previous research and supports significant changes in the preterm microbiome over time and in association with several factors. The fact that several associations were observed, and some in ways that counter previous work, highlights the complexity of microbiome ecology.