bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le risque de conflits d’intérêts des élus locaux
Authors: Prémont Marie-Claude , Allemand Roselyne
Published: September 2024

En droit privé comme en droit public, l’histoire et la théorie enseignent que le concept juridique du conflit d’intérêts est intimement lié au pouvoir dont dispose la personne. Afin de prévenir le risque de conflit d’intérêts dans l’exercice d’un pouvoir, le droit peut prendre deux voies : soit il interdit formellement de s’engager dans certains actes (comme la prohibition faite à l’élu municipal du Québec de contracter avec sa municipalité), ou, plus fréquemment, il lui impose simplement une règle de transparence : soit la divulgation-abstention. C’est l’avenue choisie tant par le Québec que la France pour l’élu municipal qui s’engage auprès d’un promoteur éolien à accueillir contre rémunération une éolienne sur sa terre. Dans les deux cas, la municipalité joue pourtant un rôle déterminant pour décider du sort d’un projet éolien. Des différences importantes marquent toutefois l’application de la règle. Surtout, la France présente une palette plus large de sanctions souvent plus sévères pour l’élu qui contrevient à la règle de la transparence.
Les opinions séparées en contentieux constitutionnel des États africains
Authors: Nguedia Meikeu Hortense
Published: September 2024

L’étude centrée sur les opinions séparées en contentieux constitutionnel africain retrace les vertus qu’aurait un juge africain d’avoir droit de présenter ses opinions juridiques. Par sa forme dissidente ou concordante, le juge constitutionnel en Afrique du sud, au cap vert, et au Liberia légitime sa pensée, sa conviction. À la question de savoir si elle constitue une vertu ou un danger pour le contentieux constitutionnel, la réponse milite en faveur de ses vertus ce sens qu’elles contribuent à garantir et protéger la cour et ses juges d’éventuelles démissions. À cet égard les opinons séparées consolident la justice constitutionnelle. Dans une autre perspective, elles créent un environnement propice à l’édification du droit constitutionnel. L’approche constructive est mise en exergue par l’impulsion que procure les opinions séparées dans l’amélioration du processus décisionnel, participant ainsi à l’éclairage et l’autorité du juge constitutionnel.
La responsabilité « administrative » : un faux concept
Authors: Antippas Jeremy
Published: September 2024

La responsabilité « administrative » à la française peut apparaître bien assise dans notre paysage juridique près de 150 ans après le très célèbre arrêt Blanco du Tribunal des conflits de 1873. Pourtant, une analyse approfondie de la matière sous l’angle du droit comparé – interne, mais également externe – montre qu’elle ne constitue en définitive qu’un faux concept… En effet, ses conditions (fait générateur, lien de causalité, préjudice), ses fondements (faute, risque, garantie…), ses fonctions (réparation ou compensation, mais aussi sanction, voire prévention et cessation de l’illicite…) ou encore ses techniques (présomptions de faute, de préjudice, de causalité…) sont au fond celles de la responsabilité civile préexistante. Ainsi, après celui sur son passé, un regard approfondi sur son présent conduit à envisager d’en regarder l’avenir apparaissant, sinon fragile, du moins en sursis dans un contexte de réforme législative à venir du droit français de la responsabilité civile.
La substitution de norme en droit du travail
Authors: Riancho Simon
Published: September 2024

En droit du travail, des notions et des mécanismes juridiques aussi divers que les conflits de normes, la révision des accords collectifs, la supplétivité de la loi, ou encore l’ordre public social, peuvent être analysés de manière conjointe à l’aune du concept de substitution de norme . Une systématisation est envisageable, qui mène à distinguer selon que la norme première est, en vertu du processus de substitution, évincée de l’ordre juridique ou non. Si la réponse est positive, la substitution peut être dite parfaite , à défaut, elle est imparfaite . Cette systématisation du phénomène substitutif éclaire les rouages du droit positif, et a des conséquences pratiques. L’interprétation des articles L. 2253-5 à L. 2253-7 du Code du travail, comme du droit applicable aux accords de performance collective, à l’origine de cas difficiles, l’illustre.
Loi « Climat et résilience »
Authors: Hoyer Mathilde
Published: September 2024

L’article L. 113-5-1 du Code de la construction et de l’habitation institue un droit de surplomb, prérogative légale conférée aux propriétaires qui souhaitent procéder à l’isolation thermique de leur immeuble par l’extérieur. Ce droit de surplomb emporte en outre un droit d’accès temporaire au fonds voisin le temps de la réalisation des travaux. Ces prérogatives légales pourraient ouvrir de nouvelles perspectives à l’aune du droit commun. Ce droit de surplomb pourrait s’apparenter à un droit de jouissance générale et ainsi inspirer les praticiens du droit, légitimement réticents à l’idée d’établir des servitudes de surplomb conventionnelles au regard des controverses actuelles relatives à la qualification et aux effets de telles charges. De même, la nature du droit d’accès temporaire au fonds voisin ainsi consacré par le législateur permet d’alimenter le débat quant à la réhabilitation du tour d’échelle légal.
Pourquoi autorités publiques et religions ne sont-elles pas véritablement séparées aux États-Unis ?
Authors: Le Mestre Renan
Published: September 2024

Le peuple américain a toujours considéré qu’il entretient un rapport privilégié avec Dieu. Il est, de ce fait, difficile aux États-Unis d’accepter que la sphère civile puisse être sécularisée et que les pouvoirs publics puissent être indifférents en matière religieuse. Il y est, en revanche, couramment admis que la prospérité du pays dépend du soutien divin, et qu’il convient de le solliciter à l’occasion des manifestations civiques.
Protection de la jeunesse : quand les parents sont encore enfants
Authors: Sénéchal Catherine
Published: September 2024

De nos jours, être parent à l’adolescence demeure plongé au cœur d’une ambiguïté sociale et juridique, en raison du double statut du parent encore mineur, ou du mineur devenu parent. Cette parentalité précoce fait face à son lot de difficultés socio-familiales, et, sur le plan juridique, le double statut de parent-enfant est d’une conciliation difficile, plus particulièrement à l’intersection de l’adoption et de la protection de la jeunesse. En effet, le Directeur de la protection de la jeunesse (DPJ) doit de prendre tous les moyens raisonnables pour faciliter l’adoption s’il considère que cette mesure est « la plus susceptible d’assurer l’intérêt de l’enfant et le respect de ses droits » * . Or, l’adoption emporte des conséquences irréversibles tant pour l’enfant adopté que son parent biologique. Lorsque ce dernier est aussi un enfant au sens de la Loi, des balises doivent être posées pour mieux prendre en compte tant l’intérêt de l’enfant parent que de l’enfant à adopter.
La dimension organisatrice des idées dans les mutations du droit de la régulation monétaire et financière depuis la création du Fonds monétaire international
Authors: Sinkondo Marcel
Published: September 2024

Le droit international de la régulation financière répond au problème de l’instabilité du système monétaire et financier international selon des modalités aux conséquences paradoxales, montrant que la structure du système et son influence lourde sur la stratégie des acteurs aboutissent à constituer ceux-ci en une force d’organisation unifiée disposant d’une capacité d’arbitrage autonome. Ce droit monétaire et financier à la fois international public et transnational se revitalise ainsi par inclusion des exigences démocratiques de concertation et de participation des destinataires à la production et à l’application des normes internationales hybrides visant leurs activités, règles formellement non contraignantes mais reçues comme obligatoires par l’effet de la forte adhésion que chaque conscience y apporte.
Fact or Law?
Authors: Croon Adam
Published: September 2024

Cet article examine les arguments méthodologiques qui sous-tendent l’utilisation de la coutume et du droit coutumier dans la législation et la jurisprudence du système juridique suédois entre le 16 e  et le 19 e  siècle. Le concept de coutume fait référence à des normes de comportement dans la société, qui ne sont pas reconnues comme des normes juridiques, car elles ne sont pas soutenues par une opinio iuris . Le concept de droit coutumier est utilisé pour décrire les normes pour lesquelles il existe une opinio iuris . Alors que la première catégorie de normes n’a pas d’identité juridique indépendante et est utilisée principalement comme circonstance factuelle dans la législation ou dans l’interprétation juridique, la seconde catégorie est reconnue comme une source de droit indépendante dans la doctrine des sources juridiques. Historiquement, la pertinence de l’ opinio iuris dans la transformation de la coutume en droit coutumier a été débattue parmi les universitaires suédois et l’indépendance du droit coutumier en tant que source de droit a été contestée.
L’Islam catégorisé par le droit positif
Authors: Lizzola Irene
Published: September 2024

À travers l’analyse d’un contentieux administratif se déroulant dans plusieurs sites, nous décrivons un conflit d’interprétation portant sur l’islamité associée au port de la barbe d’un chirurgien stagiaire au sein d’un hôpital public français. En ce sens, nous étudions l’activation du référentiel islamique dans le cadre de la catégorisation opérée par les acteurs de la scène judiciaire sur l’objet de la barbe, différemment décrit comme étant un « signe religieux » ou un élément « esthétique » relevant du choix personnel de l’intéressé. Nous verrons que la scène judiciaire donne lieu à un désaccord sur la manière de rattacher les faits (et les « objets ») aux catégories du droit : ce conflit juxtapose deux visions opposées des principes de « laïcité » et de « neutralité » du service public.
Comprendre la croyance dans un droit obligatoire
Authors: Tholozan Olivier
Published: September 2024

H. L. A. Hart a soutenu que n’importe qui pouvait comprendre le point de vue de ceux qui se sentent liés par les règles juridiques. Il suffit qu’il puisse se mettre à leur place. M. Weber a estimé que comprendre les relations sociales revenait à les interpréter jusqu’à les revivre par empathie. Cette communication propose de suivre cette piste afin de comprendre le système juridique
Capacité contractuelle résiduelle des mineurs non émancipés et des majeurs protégés
Authors: Guérin-Seysen Dorothée
Published: September 2024

L’article 1148 du Code civil pose le principe d’une sphère d’autonomie intangible applicable à toute personne incapable de contracter. Indépendamment de son statut et/ou de sa mesure de protection, la personne mineure ou majeure dispose de la possibilité de conclure seul(e) des « actes courants ». Sous l’apparence d’une unicité de régime, il existe de nombreuses différences et inégalités entre les mineurs non émancipés et les majeurs protégés dont l’autonomie du quotidien n’est pas identique. L’article interroge l’unification juridique mise en œuvre par le législateur lors de la réforme du droit des obligations. La première partie propose une analyse des critères ou indices jurisprudentiels s’appliquant aux actes courants conclus seuls par les mineurs non émancipés et les majeurs protégés. La seconde partie est consacrée aux fondements qui semblent avoir justifié l’unité du régime et dont certains invitent à la prudence.
L’inopposabilité du contrat
Authors: Juredieu Franck
Published: September 2024

La sanction de l’inopposabilité du contrat ne se laisse pas aisément appréhender. Aussi est-il proposé dans cet article une approche empirique reposant sur la confrontation de deux inopposabilités issues de la réforme du droit des contrats afin d’en faire ressortir quelques traits saillants. L’analyse conjointe des sanctions du défaut de pouvoir de l’article 1156 du code civil et de la fraude paulienne de l’article 1341-2 révèle ainsi une dualité d’inopposabilités en raison d’une nature tantôt légale, tantôt judiciaire dont il résulte des différences de régime importantes. Pour autant, une unité peut être trouvée résidant dans la coexistence de deux situations juridiques opposées, celle dont profite le titulaire de l’inopposabilité et celle dans laquelle sont maintenus les autres, qu’il s’agisse des parties à l’acte ou des autres tiers. Ce dualisme juridique créé par l’inopposabilité entraîne le nécessaire recours à la fiction juridique.
Le réquisitoire introductif d’instance en droit camerounais de la procédure pénale
Authors: Assontsa Robert
Published: September 2024

Le réquisitoire introductif d’instance est un acte important de la procédure pénale au Cameroun en ce qu’il permet de mettre en œuvre l’information judiciaire. Les options offertes au juge d’instruction lorsqu’il le reçoit sont cependant perturbatrices et amènent à se demander si à travers cet acte le parquet a toujours la certitude, dans les conditions qu’il détermine, de mettre en marche son office. En dépit des marges de manœuvre reconnues à la juridiction d’instruction, il apparaît que le réquisitoire introductif d’instance, clé double et clé boussole tout à la fois, reste l’acte sans lequel la saisine en toute hypothèse du juge d’instruction, de même que la configuration initiale son office, est impossible. Mais, les possibilités d’intervention à l’information qu’il ouvre au parquet sont tellement nombreuses qu’elles remettent au goût du jour la question d’un juge d’instruction véritablement indépendant au Cameroun.
La place du Conseil scientifique, devenu Comité de scientifiques, dans la décision publique
Authors: Arbousset Hervé
Published: September 2024

La crise sanitaire a conduit à la création, en mars 2020, en France, d’un Conseil scientifique chargé d’éclairer « la décision publique dans la gestion de la situation sanitaire liée au coronavirus ». Le législateur l’a ensuite remplacé par un Comité de scientifiques chargé de rendre « périodiquement des avis sur l’état de la catastrophe sanitaire, les connaissances scientifiques qui s’y rapportent et les mesures propres à y mettre un terme ». Si logiquement l’expert expertise et le décideur décide, la situation exceptionnelle nouvelle a-t-elle rebattu les cartes réservant un pouvoir d’influence à l’expert voire aboutissant à ce que son avis devienne décision ? Quelle a été l’attitude du décideur public face à l’expert : un décideur décidant ou un décideur suiveur ?
La protection des déplacés climatiques
Authors: Regairaz Laura
Published: September 2024

Les personnes amenées à se déplacer pour des raisons climatiques (dégradations soudaines ou lentes de l’environnement à la suite d’une catastrophe naturelle ou causées par l’activité humaine) sont de plus en plus nombreuses. Mais leur protection est aujourd’hui insatisfaisante, voire inexistante. En mobilisant les concepts de la sociologie de l’action publique, l’article entend démontrer les causes de ce « quasi » vide juridique en la matière. Plus précisément, l’application de la grille séquentielle de Charles Jones aux déplacés climatiques révèle qu’une action publique est en construction, mais elle n’est pas aboutie en raison des nombreuses difficultés rencontrées.
Services publics et droit de la concurrence en Afrique subsaharienne francophone
Authors: Ndiffo Kemetio Marien Ludovic
Published: September 2024

En Afrique, la lutte contre la crise économique de la fin du xx e  siècle a commandé l’élaboration d’un droit public économique de crise qui se consolide et se développe même au fil du temps. Celui-ci, en dépassant l’opposition traditionnelle entre la logique de l’État et celle du marché, établit désormais une conciliation entre les services publics et l’ordre concurrentiel nouveau. Droit du compromis, ce droit de crise alimenté par des idéaux universels et des traits de singularité, en traçant les nouvelles frontières du service public, est porteur d’un intérêt général contemporain qui, en dépassant celui classique, est supposé servir tout à la fois la performance économique et la solidarité sociale.
Les usages commerciaux
Authors: Wagué Hamadi Gatta
Published: September 2024

Les usages ont toujours trouvé une place privilégiée dans les rapports entre commerçants. Ils constituent à ce titre une source importante en droit commercial. La nature de cette branche est très favorable aux règles souples par rapport aux règles étatiques. Ainsi, les usages sont régulièrement pris en compte dans les transactions commerciales. Ils sont utilisés par les commerçants aussi bien en droit interne qu’en droit international. Mais force est de constater que les usages, en dépit de leur importance classique, ont plus ou moins perdu leur valeur d’antan au profit de nouvelles sources porteuses de souplesse et de pragmatisme. Ces nouvelles sources réduisent le périmètre d’influence des usages commerciaux. Pour autant, les usages continuent d’être une source du droit commercial. Cette étude vise à montrer que les usages ont subi un déclin relatif avec l’avènement de nouvelles sources comme la doctrine commercialiste et le droit souple. Ces nouvelles sources ont déclassé les usages commerciaux sans les faire totalement disparaître.
Quorum et démocratie représentative dans les États d’Afrique noire francophone
Authors: Amye Elouma Lazare II , Kemdjo Tagne Frédéric Hermann
Published: September 2024

En droit, et spécifiquement en droit constitutionnel, le quorum est considéré comme un nombre de présence minimale parmi les membres d’une assemblée sans lequel une délibération au sein de celle-ci ne peut être valide. Ainsi perçue, la règle du quorum se présente comme un élément substantiel de fonctionnement de la démocratie représentative, de sorte que les assemblées politiques y recourent pour adopter leurs résolutions afin d’acquérir la légitimité. Dès lors, une interrogation demeure au sujet de savoir ce que représente le quorum dans la démocratie représentative des États d’Afrique noire francophone. La présente réflexion s’active à démontrer que le quorum est un critère proprement intrinsèque à la vie de la démocratie représentative et les assemblées politiques découlant de ce type de démocratie en font un usage incontournable pour leur fonctionnement.
Unmanned aircraft systems: A pathway to obtain a design verification report
Authors: Nogueira Ana , Silva Jorge , Reis António
Published: September 2024

Purpose: Nowadays, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles continues to expand in our daily lives, due to their versatility and practicality across various domains. However, there is a growing concern regarding the responsible use of these vehicles. Issues related to privacy, safety, job displacement, and environmental and social impacts must be carefully considered when adopting this technology. To address these concerns and mitigate associated risks, regulatory entities, stakeholders, operators, and European Union Member States must collaborate in developing regulations that unify and clarify the use of these vehicles. This article aims to contribute to the evolution of legislation for unmanned aerial vehicles, addressing topics that still raise many questions, such as design verification. The purpose is to systematically outline the steps to obtain a Design Verification Report (DVR), considering a wide array of potential scenarios, giving rise to a framework.Design/methodology/approach: The research begins with a literature review of the legislation for UAS, with a particular focus on Regulation (EU) 2019/947 issued by EASA. After that, attention is directed towards documentation helpful to formulate the framework, such as the Guidelines on Design Verification for UAS operated in the Specific Category, issued in 2023.Findings: Findings suggest that the framework represents a roadmap, offering guidance through the intricate process of compliance verification and ensuring the safety and reliability of UAS operations. The design verification process can be divided into eight steps, ending in a DVR issuance by the competent authority. The primary objective of this document is to guide applicants seeking design approval from EASA.Originality/value: The value of this research lies in illustrating the Design Verification Process, which represents a noteworthy advancement for European UAS legislation. The framework intends to facilitate a deeper understanding of the design verification process.
Diagonal solutions for a class of linear matrix inequality
Authors: Algefary Ali
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we present a characterization of diagonal solutions for a class of linear matrix inequalities. We consider linear hybrid time-delay systems and explore the conditions under which these systems are positive and asymptotically stable. Specifically, we investigate the existence of positive diagonal solutions for a linear inequality when the system matrices are Metzler and nonnegative. Using various mathematical tools, including the Schur complement and separation theorems, we derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the stability of these systems. Our results extend existing stability criteria and provide new insights into the stability analysis of positive time-delay systems.
Solvability and controllability of second-order non-autonomous impulsive neutral evolution hemivariational inequalities
Authors: Ma Yong-Ki , Valliammal N. , Jothimani K. , Vijayakumar V.
Published: September 2024

The primary aim of this article is to explore the approximate controllability of second-order impulsive hemivariational inequalities with initial conditions in Hilbert space. The mild solution was initially derived using the properties of the cosine and sine family of operators, Clarke's subdifferential, and the fact that the related linear equation has an evolution operator. The results of the approximate controllability of the considered systems are then taken into account using the fixed-point theorem method. An application is provided to support our theoretical findings.
Using the Tax to Reduce Environmental Pollution in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Alshawabkeh Ibrahim Kamel
Published: September 2024

Countries generally adopt different methods to reduce environmental pollution, two of which are: Enacting legislation to protect the environment, through which departments specialized in environmental control are established and penalties are established for polluters; and using economic policy tools such as imposing taxes and granting incentives. The first method has received many studies in the Emirates, while the second method, in light of the modernity of federal tax legislation, has remained far from discussion. This chapter attempts to study the possibility of using tax as a method to reduce environmental pollution and the challenges facing such use.
Corporate Sustainability
Authors: Hay Imad El Din Ahmad Abdul , Jadalhaq Iyad Mohammad , Hadi El Maknouzi Mohammed El , Alqodsi Enas Mohammed
Published: September 2024

The UAE Commercial Companies Law No. 32 of 2021 enhances the sustainability of companies by allowing them to engage strategic partners possessing technical, financial, operational, and marketing capabilities. While this legislative change aims to assist struggling companies and boost successful ones, it requires careful consideration due to potential risks, especially concerning the rights of shareholders and creditors. The study explores the company's responsibilities towards shareholders and creditors, focusing on key elements of sustainability: legal responsibilities and guarantees that protect the rights of shareholders and creditors. It also acknowledges the implicit accountability of the strategic partner for any unlawful actions coordinated with the company's board of directors, emphasizing the need for a balanced approach in determining the company's liability when assessing the benefits and potential risks associated with strategic partnerships.
The Future of Sustainability Education
Authors: Awad Muna J. , Alkaabi Ahmed M. , Almejalli Hissah Abdulrahman , Jaradat Zainab Ali
Published: September 2024

The world is struggling due to the issue of climate change; therefore, it is essential to develop collaborative effort from a coalition of organizations to make sustainability education effective. This not only promotes ways to amend sustainable practices; but also, it helps address sustainability issues at a global level. The present research has been attempted for the purpose of defining the future of sustainability education through integrating the subject into mainstream education and policy frameworks. Also, focus has been laid on defining the role of technological advancements, which not only improves teaching and learning processes but also defines the contribution of technology in saving the environment. From the study, several challenges have been identified that impede sustainability education; therefore, it is essential to take necessary steps or formulate effective strategies to improve sustainability efforts in the community.
Sustainable Automotive Engineering
Authors: Ismail Osama A. S.
Published: September 2024

Sustainable automotive engineering (SAE) is essential for the automobile industry to decrease the environmental impact caused by greenhouse gases as well as conserve natural resources. The present chapter assesses the title topic. It has been assessed that the main approach applied to teaching students for this subject is the incorporation of principles of sustainable engineering and promoting participation in working projects relating to the same. By considering the significance of SAE, it becomes very significant for educational institutions to implement unique strategies and techniques regarding this topic, by which students can get to know the importance of sustainability in general and its importance in the machines they use daily such as cars and buses in precise. The upcoming decade is considered one of the most important periods in green driving as studies are held to bring fascinating possibilities including lightweight components advanced engines and connected transportation.
Language at the Crossroads of Inclusion
Authors: Efthymiou Efthymia , Sofologi Maria , Katsarou Dimitra V.
Published: September 2024

The chapter explores the relationship between language and inclusivity in education, highlighting the multifaceted challenges presented by linguistic diversity and communication barriers among students with special needs. It argues that true inclusivity goes beyond overcoming linguistic hurdles; it requires cultivating an educational environment that respects students' diverse cultural backgrounds, beliefs, and identities. Moreover, the chapter examines the significant impact of language-based categorization on the educational experiences of students with disabilities. By analyzing various theoretical frameworks, including Intersectionality, Disability Studies, Feminist Theory, Critical Race Theory, Social Identity Theory, Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory, Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), and Narrative Inquiry, the chapter seeks to deepen our understanding of how language shapes inclusivity and identity formation in educational contexts. Through this synthesis of theoretical perspectives, the chapter explores the complexities of inclusive educational practices.
Unveiling Linguistic Diversity
Authors: Mohamed Amani Ahmed , Al Maktoum Sana Butti
Published: September 2024

Assessing multilingual children is a unique challenge, requiring a careful distinction between language differences and disorders. The rich cultural and linguistic diversity of these children necessitates a more nuanced approach to avoid misdiagnosis. Traditional standardized assessments, often normed on monolingual populations, may not accurately reflect a multilingual child's capabilities (De Lamo White & Jin, 2011). To ensure accurate assessment, it is essential to consider the child's entire linguistic environment, including the timing, amount, and quality of language exposure.
Mapping the Neural Basis of Language and Language Disorders Across Childhood
Authors: Koutsimani Panagiota
Published: September 2024

Language disorders (LD) are amongst the most common developmental disorders in children. Children with LD are at high risk for low quality of life as they experience academic, emotional and social difficulties. The advances in electrophysiological and neuroimaging techniques have enhanced the current understanding of how children with LD are differentiated from their typically developing counterparts. A growing body of literature suggests that children who fit the criteria for LD diagnosis show distinctive structural and activation patterns, even from infancy. Early detection of those neuronal signs that point towards a potential LD diagnosis will allow both a timely diagnosis and the development of tailored intervention programs. The present chapter aims to provide an overview of the evidence regarding the neural basis of typical language development and LD across childhood.
Inclusive Practices for Accommodating Reading Comprehension Difficulties in Specific Reading Disability (SRD)
Authors: Andreou Georgia , Athanasiadou Panagiota
Published: September 2024

Reading constitutes a demanding process that entails the acquisition of simple and complex skills, such as decoding, fluency, rapid naming (Helland & Kaasa, 2005) and comprehension (Antoniou & Souvignier, 2007). Due to the variety of skills involved in reading, both typical and learners with Specific Reading Disorder (SRD) face difficulties in that domain. SRD learners present inaccurate decoding, strenuous reading (Shaywitz & Shaywitz, 2005), deficient comprehension of information as well as limited use of cognitive and metacognitive strategies (Zimmerman, 2002), which hinder learners' academic performance. Educators should create an environment where learners are provided with all the educational opportunities which aim at their academic achievement (Nijakowska et al., 2016), through the teaching of strategies, the incorporation of techniques and the encouragement of their independence (Nijakowska et al., 2016). Based on the above, the present chapter focuses on the presentation of inclusive practices for accommodating reading comprehension difficulties in SRD.
Decoding Reading Comprehension in Bilingual Adolescents
Authors: Dosi Ifigeneia
Published: September 2024

This study examines reading comprehension in dominant bilingual (Greek-Turkish,Greek-Albanian) adolescents, considering vocabulary knowledge and contextual factors. Bilinguals showed lower breadth and depth of vocabulary knowledge than monolinguals. In reading comprehension skills, the Greek-Turkish bilinguals scored lower than the other two groups, while no differences were found between the Greek-Albanian bilinguals and monolinguals. However, when controlling for vocabulary knowledge, the picture changed, with both bilingual groups outperforming their monolingual counterparts. This suggests that despite limited vocabulary, bilinguals adeptly use context for comprehension, consistent with prior findings on their strong decoding skills. The results also revealed that early and current print exposure predict reading comprehension. Nevertheless, different variables emerged as a predictive variable for reading skills for both groups. This study underscores the crucial impact of (early) print exposure and supportive environments on the cultivation of reading comprehension skills.
Empowering Narrative Writing Competence in Elementary Education
Authors: Dosi Ifigeneia , Kouki Eleni
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the impact of dialogic interventions on primary school students' written narratives, focusing on macrostructural elements (overall story organization) and microstructural elements (length, vocabulary, syntax, spelling). Forty students aged 9-10 were divided into Experimental (EG) and Control (CG) groups. Using pre- and post-test methodology, the intervention's effectiveness was measured by assessing reading comprehension and narrative production, covering macrostructure and microstructure. The EG underwent a twelve-week dialogic writing program targeting these elements. Post-intervention, the EG exhibited significant enhancements in macrostructure and microstructure aspects (such as lexical diversity, sentence complexity, connective usage, and spelling accuracy), contrasting with the CG. The combination of collaborative learning and explicit instruction likely contributed to these positive outcomes, motivating EG students and enhancing their writing skills.
Risk Assessment and Mitigation With Generative AI Models
Authors: Sindiramutty Siva Raja , Jhanjhi N. Z. , Akbar Rehan , Soomro Tariq Rahim , Ghazanfar Mustansar Ali
Published: September 2024

Cybersecurity organisations constantly face a risky environment where threats are present. These dangers can jeopardise information, disrupt business operations, and erode trust. Risk assessment and mitigation strategies are crucial to tackling these challenges effectively. However, traditional approaches often need help to keep pace with the changing landscape of cyber threats that require judgments based on manual analysis. This section delves into how the adoption of AI techniques, like generative adversarial networks (GANs) or variational autoencoders (VAEs), can transform risk assessment methods by simulating scenarios to identify anomalies more efficiently than ever before and predicting potential future risks in real-time through unsupervised learning methods. By integrating threat intelligence into models, the authors improve understanding of contextual factors that help identify abnormal high-risk behaviours.
Enhancing Security Through Generative AI-Based Authentication
Authors: Zam Qurat-ul Ain Zam , Ashraf Humaira , Jhanjhi N. Z. , Ullah Atta , Amsaad Fathi
Published: September 2024

The digital age has evolved to the point where it requires solutions for data protection and user verification from companies that operate in different areas. Some widely known traditional authentication methods, like passwords and biometrics, despite their high security, might be subject to spoofing and phishing attacks. This study focuses on an AI-reliant security improvement strategy as a means to deal with the challenges listed above. The way of artificially creating new data by using machine learning algorithms, which are extremely close to the original data sets is called “generative AI.” By using the approaches of generative artificial intelligence (AI), GAIBA, the multi-layered authentication process which can adapt to emerging security threats, is developed. This study presents the employ of AI in authentication techniques and security protocols with its utilities and contributions.
A New Approach for Detecting Malware Using a Convolutional Autoencoder With Kernel Density Estimation
Authors: Om Kumar C. U. , Nihal Mubeen K. H. , Krithiga R. , Sudhakaran G. , Chaubey Nirbhay Kumar
Published: September 2024

The increasing use of the internet and digital devices has led to an exponential growth in cyber-attacks, with malware being one of the most prevalent forms of cybercrime. Modern-day malware is becoming more sophisticated and evasive, using various techniques such as obfuscation, encryption, and code injection to evade detection. To combat this problem, this study proposes a new approach for detecting malware using a convolutional autoencoder with kernel density estimation (KDE). This model uses the autoencoder's encoder to compute KDE and combines reconstruction error with KDE for malware detection. Tested on the malimg dataset, it achieves 98.3% accuracy, comparable to other autoencoder models. This study demonstrates the potential of combining convolutional autoencoder with KDE for detecting modern sophisticated malware, evaluated against existing models using accuracy and precision metrics.
Scouting the Juncture of Internet of Things (IoT), Deep Learning, and Cybercrime
Authors: Singh Bhupinder , Kaunert Christian
Published: September 2024

The internet of things (IoT) and deep learning technologies has revolutionized the cyber-crimes investigation which providing law enforcement with unprecedented tools for data analytics. The seamless incorporation of IoT devices and deep learning algorithms has ushered in a new era in cyber-crimes investigation. IoT devices, ranging from smart home appliances to wearables, generate vast amounts of data. Deep learning algorithms, with their ability to discern complex patterns and anomalies, enable law enforcement to sift through this data efficiently. Real-time threat detection, forensic analysis, and predictive policing are among the myriad applications empowering investigators to stay one step ahead of cybercriminals. This chapter deeply dives into the diverse arena of the legal discourse surrounding the integration of IoT and deep learning in the context of cyber-crimes investigation.
Optimizing Flipped Classroom Teaching in College Basketball Through 'Internet +' Algorithm
Authors: Sun Zhiwei
Published: September 2024

The integration of the flipped classroom model with network technology has revolutionized college basketball education, shaping a new era of instructional dynamics. This study delves into the optimization process of algorithms within the “Internet +” technology framework, with a focus on enhancing recognition accuracy. Through a comprehensive exploration of the application of the “Internet +” algorithm across different academic grades in the context of flipped classroom teaching for college basketball, insights from both students and teachers are synthesized. Empirical tests underscore the effectiveness of incorporating “Internet +” technology into the pedagogical framework of college basketball flipped classrooms. By identifying and addressing prevalent teaching challenges inherent in this setting, the research proposes strategic interventions aimed at elevating the overall teaching quality of college basketball flipped classrooms.
Gasdermin D and Gasdermin E Are Dispensable for Silica-Mediated IL-1β Secretion from Mouse Macrophages
Authors: Leung Jennifer , Chang Michael , Moore Richard E , Dagvadorj Jargalsaikhan , Sutterwala Fayyaz S , Cassel Suzanne L
Published: September 2024

Silica crystals activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages, resulting in the caspase-1–dependent secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β. Caspase-1–mediated cleavage of gasdermin D (GSDMD) triggers the formation of GSDMD pores, which drive pyroptotic cell death and facilitate the rapid release of IL-1β. However, the role of GSDMD in silica-induced lung injury is unclear. In this study, we show that although silica-induced lung injury is dependent on the inflammasome adaptor ASC and IL-1R1 signaling, GSDMD is dispensable for acute lung injury. Although the early rapid secretion of IL-1β in response to ATP and nigericin was GSDMD dependent, GSDMD was not required for IL-1β release at later time points. Similarly, secretion of IL-1β from macrophages in response to silica and alum proceeded in a GSDMD-independent manner. We further found that gasdermin E did not contribute to macrophage IL-1β secretion in the absence of GSDMD in vitro and was also not necessary for silica-induced acute lung injury in vivo. These findings demonstrate that GSDMD and gasdermin E are dispensable for IL-1β secretion in response to silica in vitro and in silica-induced acute lung injury in vivo.
A rare case of Unilateral Nevoid Telangiectasia in a Saudi pediatric patient
Authors: AlMudimeegh Almuntsrbellah , Nabil Nagshabandi Khalid , Barakeh Maee , Alsehli Turky
Published: September 2024

Unilateral Nevoid Telangiectasia (UNT) is a rare congenital or acquired benign cutaneous vascular anomaly, first identified by Blaschko in 1899. It is characterized by superficial telangiectasias with a reticular or linear pattern on one side of the body, often following a dermatomal distribution. We present the first case documented in Saudi Arabia of UNT in a 12-year-old girl.
Administrative staffs’ training needs and talent development at a Health Sciences University
Authors: Matlakala Heriet N. , Bezuidenhout Adele
Published: September 2024

Orientation: Although administrative support staff are the glue that holds everything together in universities, they are often taken for granted when talent is identified and developed. Targeted training needs analysis and talent development interventions are often focused on elite academic staff, leaving a deficit in understanding how administrative support staff should be developed.Research purpose: To determine or investigate training needs analysis and talent development practices to support Health Sciences University (HSU) administrative staff.Motivation for the study: There is little empirical evidence and a lack of understanding of how to identify and address the specific training needs of administrative staff to increase universities’ organisational performance.Research approach/design and method: A deductive, quantitative approach, using a descriptive survey research design and census of the entire population (200) permanent administrative staff officers, secretaries or personal assistants in an HSU (N = 163), was employed. Statistical analysis included validity and reliability measures, correlations and exploratory factor analysis.Main findings: The results revealed a strong, significant, positive link between the perception of training needs analysis process and talent management practices of administrative staff with regard to demographic variables of age, gender, job title, educational level, job level and tenure.Practical/managerial implications: To reinforce the training needs analysis process and talent development for the entire staff or employees at the HSU.Contribution/value-add: This study offers evidence of and advocates for new ways of working, including all staff’s talents to maximise student support and organisational excellence.
Examining autocorrection of concurrent cervical malalignment following thoracolumbar deformity surgery
Authors: Yung Anthony , Onafowokan Oluwatobi , Das Ankita , Fisher Max R. , Passias Peter Gust
Published: September 2024

Aims:

The aim of the study was to assess preoperative radiographic parameters predictive of cervical deformity (CD) autocorrection in patients undergoing thoracolumbar deformity (ASD) surgery.

Study Design/Setting:

This was a retrospective cohort study.

Methods:

Inclusion criteria were operative ASD patients with complete baseline (BL) and 2-year radiographic data. Patients with cervical fusion during index surgery, revision involving cervical fusion, and those who developed proximal junctional kyphosis by 2-year postoperative were excluded from the study. If patients met CD criteria at BL but not at 6 weeks or 2 years postoperatively, they were considered autocorrected (AC).

Statistical Analysis Used:

Descriptive and univariate analysis, binominal logistic regression, and multivariable backward stepwise regression.

Results:

Two hundred and twenty ASD patients were included. 51.4% of patients had preoperative CD. By 6-week postoperative, 32.7% achieved AC. At 2 years, 24.8% of preoperative CD patients obtained AC. 2-year AC patients had lower BL sacral slope, lumbar lordosis (LL), T1 slope, cervical lordosis (CL), and C2-T3, and T2-T12 kyphosis (all P < 0.05). Patients with BL-unmatched Roussouly types are corrected postoperatively and are more likely to experience autocorrection at 1 year (45.2% vs. 19.0%; P = 0.042) and at 2 years (31% vs. 4.8%; P = 0.018). Multivariable analysis revealed that patients with BL-mismatched Roussouly types were corrected postoperatively and showed a significant increase in likelihood of AC at 1 year (odds ratio [OR]: 18.72; P = 0.029) and 2 years (OR: 8.5; P = 0.047). Similarly, BL LL (OR: 0.772; P = 0.003) and CL (OR: 0.829; P = 0.005) exhibited significant predictive value for autocorrection at 1 year and 2 years (OR: 0.927; P = 0.004 | OR: 0.942; P = 0.039; respectively).

Conclusions:

Autocorrection is more likely in patients with postoperatively corrected Roussouly types, those with lower BL cervical, and LL. Given these findings, it may not be necessary to routinely extend reconstruction into the cervical spine for ASD patients with similar characteristics to those in this study.
Short-term assessment of functional outcomes and quality of life after thoracic and lumbar spinal metastasis surgery
Authors: Abousayed Mahmoud Mohamed , Taha Hossam Salah El-Din , Farag Raafat Elsayed , Salem Mostafa Salahdin , Ebeid Walid Atef
Published: September 2024

Background:

Because of improvements in initial tumor identification and treatment, as well as longer life expectancies, more people are receiving diagnoses for spinal metastases.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to assess early functional outcomes and quality of life (QOL) after surgical management of patients with spinal metastases.

Patients and Methods:

In this prospective cohort study, a total of 33 patients with thoracic and lumbar spine metastases who underwent surgical management between November 2021 and August 2023 were followed up for 1 year or until death. Oswestry Disability Index and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status were used for the functional outcome; QOL was assessed using European Quality of Life 5-Dimensions (EuroQOL-5D). Scores were recorded preoperatively, 4 weeks postoperatively, and 6 and 12 months postoperatively.

Results:

The mean age was 52.12 ± 13.4 years (range: 23–70 years), 22 (66.7%) were females, and 11 (33.3%) were males. Patients were divided into three groups according to the revised Katagiri score: 12 (36.4%) patients were at low risk (0–3), 18 (54.5%) patients were at intermediate risk (4–6), and 3 (9.1%) patients were at high risk (7–10). The mean survival was 5.44 ± 3.46 months (range 1–13), and there was no perioperative death (within 1 month postoperative). Sixteen (48.5%) patients survived for more than 1 year and 17 (51.5%) patients died from different causes related to the natural history of tumor metastasis.

Conclusion:

Following surgical treatment of the spinal metastases, improvements in QoL and functional results were seen in the short-term. For patients with a projected life expectancy of longer than 3 months, surgery is a good alternative.
Lumbar intervertebral disc replacement in Australia: An epidemiological study
Authors: Dragan Zac , George Adam R. , Campbell Ryan J. , Gray Randolph , Sivakumar Brahman Shankar , Symes Michael
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Favorable short- and long-term outcomes have been reported for lumbar intervertebral total disc replacement (L-TDR). However, there is little evidence regarding the uptake of L-TDR in practice. The objective of this study was to analyze Australian-based population trends in L-TDR over the past 5 years.

Methods:

The 5-year incidence of L-TDR from 2019 to 2023 in adult patients was analyzed using the Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) database. Data were stratified by sex and year, with an offset term introduced using population data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics to account for population changes over the study period.

Results:

A total of 1558 L-TDRs were completed in Australia under the MBS in the 5 years of interest. The 5-year annual mean case volume was 311.6 cases per annum. A downtrend and plateau in the rate of L-TDR has been seen from 2021 onward. The distribution of L-TDR across ages showed a significantly higher concentration in the 35–44 and 45–54 age groups (P < 0.05). More operations were performed in males (n = 876, 56.2%) than females (n = 682, 43.8%).

Conclusions:

The uptake of L-TDR has declined throughout the 5-year study period in Australia. Despite modest use currently, the future of L-TDR will rely on more robust long-term outcome data.