bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
N-cadherin acts upstream of VE-cadherin in controlling vascular morphogenesis
Authors: Luo Yang , Radice Glenn L.
Published: April 2005

Endothelial cells express two classic cadherins, VE-cadherin and N-cadherin. The importance of VE-cadherin in vascular development is well known; however, the function of N-cadherin in endothelial cells remains poorly understood. Contrary to previous studies, we found that N-cadherin localizes to endothelial cell–cell junctions in addition to its well-known diffusive membrane expression. To investigate the role of N-cadherin in vascular development, N-cadherin was specifically deleted from endothelial cells in mice. Loss of N-cadherin in endothelial cells results in embryonic lethality at mid-gestation due to severe vascular defects. Intriguingly, loss of N-cadherin caused a significant decrease in VE-cadherin and its cytoplasmic binding partner, p120ctn. The down-regulation of both VE-cadherin and p120ctn was confirmed in cultured endothelial cells using small interfering RNA to knockdown N-cadherin. We also show that N-cadherin is important for endothelial cell proliferation and motility. These findings provide a novel paradigm by which N-cadherin regulates angiogenesis, in part, by controlling VE-cadherin expression at the cell membrane.
Class II fusion protein of alphaviruses drives membrane fusion through the same pathway as class I proteins
Authors: Zaitseva Elena , Mittal Aditya , Griffin Diane E. , Chernomordik Leonid V.
Published: April 2005

Viral fusion proteins of classes I and II differ radically in their initial structures but refold toward similar conformations upon activation. Do fusion pathways mediated by alphavirus E1 and influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) that exemplify classes II and I differ to reflect the difference in their initial conformations, or concur to reflect the similarity in the final conformations? Here, we dissected the pathway of low pH–triggered E1-mediated cell–cell fusion by reducing the numbers of activated E1 proteins and by blocking different fusion stages with specific inhibitors. The discovered progression from transient hemifusion to small, and then expanding, fusion pores upon an increase in the number of activated fusion proteins parallels that established for HA-mediated fusion. We conclude that proteins as different as E1 and HA drive fusion through strikingly similar membrane intermediates, with the most energy-intensive stages following rather than preceding hemifusion. We propose that fusion reactions catalyzed by all proteins of both classes follow a similar pathway.
Spore shedding pattern of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in asymptomatic children
Authors: Mungthin Mathirut , Subrungruang Ittisak , Naaglor Tawee , Aimpun Pote , Areekul Wirote , Leelayoova Saovanee
Published: April 2005

Stool samples from seven human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative and two HIV-positive children with asymptomatic Enterocytozoon bieneusi infections were daily examined to quantify spore shedding using Gram-chromotrope staining under light microscopy. The spore shedding pattern and intensity in these children was variable. Mean spore concentrations in the stool samples from these children ranged from 2.4 × 102 to 1.2 × 105 spores per gram. Light microscopy could detect spores in stool specimens for 9–33 days, while PCR was able to detect E. bieneusi in stool specimens for 3–40 days longer. This suggests that light microscopy may not detect low levels of spore shedding. Considering that the asymptomatic group are a potential source of infection, detection methods with a higher sensitivity should be used.
Information and communication technology (ICT) education in The City School, Pakistan
Authors: Ali Iftikhar , Proctor John
Published: April 2005

Purpose

In an age of information technology some developing countries are more vulnerable than others to international competition through failure to utilize fully the benefits of an ICT culture. The authors suggest that the strategies in response must include a radical review of attitudes and methods of delivery of ICT in schools and give as an example the recent experience of The City School, the nationwide schools’ organisation in Pakistan with whom they are employed.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors review the current position of ICT in schools in Pakistan and suggest as a model of development, for schools of a corresponding standing, that of The City School. They describe how The City School responded to ICT, ensuring that all its pupils would have access to the most modern of ICT courses. Discusses how the decision to implement a complete change, or revolution, in teaching ICT was brought about in a relatively short time. It discusses the nature of the programme, how it was organised, the materials required and the outcomes of its implementation including its outstanding success with pupils and their parents.

Findings

The authors chronicle the historical developments within The City School that brought about radical change within a comparatively short period and identify careful planning, training, and the motivation of stakeholders, i.e. pupils, teachers and parents, as key elements in its successful implementation.

Originality/value

The authors suggest that The City School experience provides a model that may be emulated by schools elsewhere in both developing and industrially developed countries.
How to manage the big bang: evolution or revolution in the introduction of an MLE?
Authors: Quinsee Susannah , Sumner Neal
Published: April 2005

Purpose

To examine how introducing an institution‐wide managed learning environment impacts on the processes of organisational change using City University, London as a case study.

Design/methodology/approach

Literature‐based discussion of current issues around the introduction of online learning to provide theoretical framework. Action research methodology used for interviews with leading members of the institution.

Findings

There is a significant amount of literature available on institutional change and managed learning environments; however, how the introduction of such systems operates in practice depends on the context of the institution. In the interviews with key stakeholders six significant themes are identified for the management of change in this area: pedagogic direction; operational connections and development; organisational structure and change; system process; professional development; strategic vision and perception. Any implementation project regarding the introduction of managed learning environments should encompass these key themes.

Research limitations/implications

Based on interviews with a small number of stakeholders at the institution. Further research could compare the experience at City with other institutions and revisit a wider selection of stakeholders at City to assess their views at a later stage in the implementation.

Practical implications

Provides guidance after the experiences encountered at the institution which could assist other universities both during the planning phases of such a project or during the implementation itself.

Originality/value

Identifies a number of key areas to shape and formulate project management. Combines empirical evidence with theoretical context.
The use of the internet in higher education
Authors: Eynon Rebecca
Published: April 2005

Purpose

To explore academics’ experiences of using information and communication technologies (ICTs) for teaching and learning.

Design/methodology/approach

Analysis of three discipline‐specific focus group discussions held with academics based in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) that use ICTs for teaching their students.

Findings

The most common use of ICTs in all subjects was to provide students with access to a range of online resources. Academics’ motivations for using ICTs included: enhancing the educational experience for their students; to compensate for some of the changes occurring in higher education, such as the rise in student numbers and demand for flexible learning opportunities; and personal interest and enjoyment. The difficulties academics encountered when using these technologies for teaching included: a lack of time; dissatisfaction with the software available; and copyright.

Research limitations/implications

This is a small scale, exploratory study. Further research is required that is sampled in such a way as to ensure that the findings can be generalized to all academics in all institutions in the UK.

Practical implications

The institutional, middle managerial, staff and student level all need to be considered when encouraging the further adoption of new technologies for teaching and learning in higher education. Institutional level strategies must also account for the diversity of ways ICTs may be used in teaching in different contexts across the institution.

Originality/value

Research exploring academics’ experiences of using ICTs for teaching and learning is scarce. Further work is required to ensure the successful development and implementation of future technological and policy developments in this area.
From prescribed reading to the excitement or the burden of choice
Authors: Andretta Susie
Published: April 2005

Purpose

The paper focuses on e‐learning from an information literacy perspective and promotes the view that information literacy education needs to play a central role within any e‐learning initiative. The main aim of this paper is therefore to present the claim that e‐learning must be supported by an information literacy framework to enable an effective interaction between learners, information literacy educators and complex information environments.

Design/methodology/approach

Literature‐based analysis of the main issues covered. These include: the challenges generated by the proliferation of digital information and the consequent need for information literacy education to counteract the phenomenon of information overload; the comparison of the information literacy approach promoted by Australia and the USA with the ICT‐skills approach adopted by the UK.

Findings

Examples of information literacy frameworks promoted by the Association of College and Research Libraries and the Australian and New Zealand Institute are used to illustrate the strong association between the “learning‐how‐to‐learn” model, lifelong learning and the global knowledge economy. The UK perspective on e‐learning reveals a similar lifelong‐learning agenda, although in this case ICT skills, not information literacy, are identified as a priority, even though the effectiveness of lifelong‐learning competences depends on the learner's ability to interact with constantly changing information and knowledge structures.

Originality/value

The paper promotes the view that a fully‐fledged information literacy education, based on nationally recognised standards, must underpin any pedagogical initiative especially in the area of e‐learning which requires the learners’ active engagement with a wide range of information sources and formats. The paper is therefore relevant to those professionals involved in the development of policy and provision at higher education level.
Engineering an afterburner for a miniature gas turbine engine
Authors: Cooper Jonathan , Dingle Lloyd
Published: April 2005

Purpose

This paper is concerned with the theoretical and practical engineering development issues, necessary for the design, build and test of an afterburner thrust augmentation system for a model aircraft gas turbine engine.

Design/methodology/approach

Research into key combustion parameters including, flame holder diameter, flame holder edge velocity, burner velocity and equivalence ratio were undertaken. This information was used as the basis for the design and fabrication of the afterburner combustion system. The after burner system had been designed to fit a Wren MW54 model gas turbine engine, that included FADEC control for the mother engine. Substantial testing of the afterburner system was undertaken.

Findings

Changes in “dry” and “wet” jet efflux temperature while the engine is accelerating from idle to full power are found. The increase in temperature between the dry and wet case are not markedly different, demonstrating the poor quality of the afterburner flame: the testing of the afterburner system resulted in limited flame substantiation being achieved.

Research limitations/implications

Further research is required and is currently being undertaken, into the computational modelling of fuel atomisation issues and further engineering of the fuel injection system.

Practical implications

This afterburner design may eventually be adopted by Wren Turbines for economic production.

Originality/value

Provides further information on the engineering and efficiency problems associated with very small‐scale gas turbine engines.
A review of conventional and synergistic systems for small satellites
Authors: Varatharajoo Renuganth , Kahle Ralph
Published: April 2005

Purpose

To compare the conventional reaction wheel and battery systems with the combined energy and attitude control system. The system mass, volume and power requirements are revealed corresponding to the small satellite missions.

Design/methodology/approach

All the relevant system parametric equations are established. The system mass, volume and power are estimated accordingly for the conventional and the combined systems. Then, both systems are compared with respect to the typical small satellite missions.

Findings

The combined system outperforms the conventional system in most small satellite missions. However, there are some small satellite missions where the conventional systems are better in terms of the mass and volume budgets.

Research limitations/implications

This research work is exclusively for small satellites in the LEO orbits.

Practical implications

A reasonable information for sizing the combined energy and attitude control system is established. The system mass, volume and power budgets can be extracted from this research work.

Originality/value

The results provide an instant answer regarding the feasibility of the combined energy and attitude control system for small satellites.
A model governing the stall characteristics of an isolated axial compressor rotor
Authors: Canbazoğlu Suat , Sami Yilbaş Bekir
Published: April 2005

Purpose

A stall model to predict the performance of a blade row operating under rotating stall conditions, is proposed.

Design/methodology/approach

The experiments were carried out on an isolated rotor row of an axial flow compressor of a radius ratio of 0.66 hub/tip. Wall static pressure tappings were used for measurement of blade row pressure rise. The mass flow rate through the machine was determined from the pressure drop at the intake. Detailed flow measurements were made using a hot wire “V” probe and transducers. An online data acquisition system was used in which data sampling was phase‐locked with respect to stall cell trailing edge.

Findings

Measurements indicate that a pressure depression occurs in the stalled region. The assumption of uniform static pressure at the exit of a stalled blade row is not supported by the present work. The assumption of uniform static pressure at the exit of a stalled row together with the assumption that flow in unstalled regions operates at fixed point on the unstalled characteristic leads to the conclusion that total‐to‐static pressure rise during stalled operation is independent of blockage. This view is not supported by the experiments carried out on an isolated rotor.

Research limitations/implications

Additional experimental studies for axial compressors having different rotor and blade geometries and rotor speeds, are required.

Practical implications

The results can be used in the design and operation of axial compressor rotors.

Originality/value

A new stall model is presented in which the behavior during stalled operation with large blockage is different from that during, low blockage.
A simple method of estimating the maintenance cost of airframes
Authors: Eduardo Salamanca H. , Luis Quiroz L.
Published: April 2005

Purpose

To make easier the estimation of maintenance cost of airframes, using commercial software and considering reliability's conditions.

Design/methodology/approach

It was possible to propose a new method using commercial reliability software. Stress load is included as a random variable in reliability analysis. An example is done. The results are compared with other works.

Findings

It is easier and faster to apply than the methodology proposed by other authors.

Originality/value

This paper suggests an easy way of evaluating the economic life of aircraft structures. The calculated optimal stress distribution function can be used with commercial reliability software to estimate the crack size population.
Sensor and control surface/actuator failure detection and isolation applied to F‐16 flight dynamic
Authors: Hajiyev Chingiz , Caliskan Fikret
Published: April 2005

Purpose

The purpose of the paper is to present an approach to detect and isolate the aircraft sensor and control surface/actuator failures affecting the mean of the Kalman filter innovation sequence.

Design/methodology/approach

The extended Kalman filter (EKF) is developed for nonlinear flight dynamic estimation of an F‐16 fighter and the effects of the sensor and control surface/actuator failures in the innovation sequence of the designed EKF are investigated. A robust Kalman filter (RKF) is very useful to isolate the control surface/actuator failures and sensor failures. The technique for control surface detection and identification is applied to an unstable multi‐input multi‐output model of a nonlinear AFTI/F‐16 fighter. The fighter is stabilized by means of a linear quadratic optimal controller. The control gain brings all the eigenvalues that are outside the unit circle, inside the unit circle. It also keeps the mechanical limits on the deflections of control surfaces. The fighter has nine state variables and six control inputs.

Findings

In the simulations, the longitudinal and lateral dynamics of an F‐16 aircraft dynamic model are considered, and the sensor and control surface/actuator failures are detected and isolated.

Research limitations/implications

A real‐time detection of sensor and control surface/actuator failures affecting the mean of the innovation process applied to the linearized F‐16 fighter flight dynamic is examined and an effective approach to isolate the sensor and control surface/actuator failures is proposed. The nonlinear F‐16 model is linearized. Failures affecting the covariance of the innovation sequence is not considered in the paper.

Originality/value

An approach has been proposed to detect and isolate the aircraft sensor and control surface/actuator failures occurred in the aircraft control system. An extended Kalman filter has been developed for the nonlinear flight dynamic estimation of an F‐16 fighter. Failures in the sensors and control surfaces/actuators affect the characteristics of the innovation sequence of the EKF. The failures that affect the mean of the innovation sequence have been considered. When the EKF is used, the decision statistics changes regardless the fault is in the sensors or in the control surfaces/actuators, while a RKF is used, it is easy to distinguish the sensor and control surface/actuator faults.
Are we making the most of food safety inspections?
Authors: Griffith C.J.
Published: April 2005

Purpose

Inspections by environmental health practitioners are an important element of how regulatory agencies attempt to ensure that consumers are provided with safe food. However, there are concerns about the efficacy of inspections at a time of industry expansion and limited resources. This paper seeks to review traditional and potential new approaches to inspection.

Design/methodology/approach

The traditional cycle of public health protection is reviewed. Problems with inspections are identified. How a consumer demand can be created for food service operations to implement food safety is examined. The publication of inspection reports is reviewed.

Findings

An essential requirement for publication of inspection reports is consistency of inspections. How information technology can be applied to the inspection process is discussed. Additional advantages from using new technology are presented, linking inspections to the design and construction of targeted hygiene initiatives.

Originality/value

A new model for the cycle of public health protection is proposed.
Assessing compliance with food safety legislation in small businesses
Authors: Yapp Charlotte , Fairman Robyn
Published: April 2005

Purpose

This article aims to describe a research methodology used to examine compliance with food safety legislation within small businesses and the effect of local authority interventions on compliance. Different methodological approaches used within the research design are evaluated.

Design/methodology/approach

Empirical research using multiple case studies investigated compliance within small food businesses. Multiple sources of evidence were analysed using qualitative and quantitative techniques.

Findings

The validity of research design was affected in various ways. Using a quantitative approach was limited by the availability of a suitable indicator to measure compliance and by the difficulty in establishing causality. Qualitative approaches showed that businesses constructed their conception of compliance differently from the more formal compliance concept of regulatory agencies. This alternative construction of compliance impacts on the effectiveness of different methodologies.

Research limitations/implications

These findings demonstrate the limitations of quantitative approaches in exploring the compliance process. Differences in understanding the nature of compliance impact on validity: researchers cannot rely on businesses accurately “reporting” their compliance.

Originality/value

This article examines empirical research on the compliance process in small food businesses. It shows how the validity of a research design can be affected using evidence from this research.
Protecting consumers
Authors: Worsfold Denise
Published: April 2005

Purpose

Hygiene award schemes are intended to promote excellent food safety standards. They should encourage food premises to raise standards and provide consumers with more information. The Food Standards Agency (FSA) is considering a national hygiene award scheme as part of its strategy to improve food safety management in food businesses throughout the UK. This paper seeks to review four hygiene award schemes that are currently operating in the UK.

Design/methodology/approach

The schemes were assessed using the preferred components for a national scheme established by the FSA. An attempt was made to gauge consumer and industry interest in the schemes and to identify whether food safety standards had been improved.

Findings

In all of the schemes the food safety standards were assessed by enforcement officers during routine inspections to grade the awards. The award schemes appeared to be popular with most award winners, with some of the local authorities and with those members of the public who are aware of them. However, the schemes do little to inform the public of actual standards in food premises. This lack of transparency mainly relates to a lack of information on the scoring mechanism for businesses and the public, limited publicity for the scheme in the media and the evident need to educate the public.

Originality/value

Information on the benefits and limitations of the different schemes that are highlighted may make some contribution to the debate on a national scheme.
Management training: benefits and lost opportunities (part II)
Authors: Longenecker Clinton O. , Fink Laurence S.
Published: April 2005

Purpose

This paper aims to explore why organizations often focus little attention and resources on management training and provides a useful checklist of ways to close the managerial skills gap through training.

Design/methodology/approach

Seasoned managers (278) in rapidly changing organizations were surveyed on their experiences with management training.

Findings

A content analysis revealed the most frequently cited causes of why organizations fail to properly train their managers.

Research limitations/implications

Generalization of these findings to non‐rapidly changing organizations may be limited.

Practical implications

Results indicate that organizations fail to properly train managers for a host of reasons. Many of failures to train are caused by misconceptions about training needs, the ability of managers to handle their own training or the value of training to the organization compared with other efforts. Lack of accountability and poor implementation are other key reasons cited for training failures.

Originality/value

The findings provide a useful list of the causes for ineffective training and the discussion focuses on ways to close the managerial skills gap.
The similarities and differences between coaching and therapy
Authors: Bluckert Peter
Published: April 2005

Purpose

This article sets out to explore the similarities and differences between coaching and therapy – a subject of great interest currently within coaching and therapy fields.

Design/methodology/approach

The objectives are achieved by examining the convergence of approaches and thinking within these fields, as well as exploring theoretical contributions to the debate.

Findings

Coaching and therapy have a number of similarities. However, as this article explores, the two disciplines are in many ways, considerably different, particularly in terms of context issues bought to sessions and the ultimate intension. Typically, the skill sets required for each differ. Practical considerations such as terms of contract, length of session, pricing and boundaries also vary greatly.

Originality/value

The paper examines in greater detail a subject which is of very definite interest to both coaching and therapeutic practitioners, and also examines the popular argument in greater depth.
The power within
Authors: Rabey Gordon
Published: April 2005

Purpose of this paper

Aims to consider the two scenarios facing a new manager appointee – the organization chart which outlines assignment of authority in the workplace and the involvement in a work group in which teamwork is advocated.

Design/methodology/approach

Advises new managers that though they were appointed to their positions, their recognition as leaders has to be earned by their performance.

Findings

Observes that if employees choose not to follow – which is voluntary – the manager will find it very hard to be effective.

Originality/value

Emphasises what tends to be overlooked.
The Jagiellonian Library, Cracow: its history and recent developments
Authors: Bakowska Ewa
Published: April 2005

Purpose

To describe the history of the Jagiellonian Library (Biblioteka Jagiellońska), Cracow, Poland up to the present time.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper presents a narrative and factual account of the library's past and present development in the broader context of Polish history.

Findings

The strengths of the collection are summarised, as well as the historical role of the library, which has emerged as the second national library of Poland.

Research limitations/implications

The paper is only able to present a summary of the library's collection strengths, though more scholarly analyses are listed for further reading.

Practical implications

The paper gives historical insight into the development of a rich, historic library collection and explores how such a collection can maintain a vital relationship with the identity of a nation – in this case, Poland.

Originality/value

This paper raises awareness of some hitherto unfamiliar facts about Polish Library history, highlighting aspects of the Jagiellonian Library's possibly unique position in world library history.
Entrepreneurship education and training: can entrepreneurship be taught? Part I
Authors: Henry Colette , Hill Frances , Leitch Claire
Published: April 2005

Purpose

Despite a growing body of literature in the field, there is still considerable uncertainty as to whether entrepreneurs are born or made, which has led to an ongoing debate in the entrepreneurship academy about whether we can actually teach individuals to be entrepreneurs. With this in mind, this two‐part paper aims to address the question of whether or not entrepreneurship can be taught.

Design/methodology/approach

In part I the importance of entrepreneurship in a modern, constantly changing environment is outlined, and the various ways in which entrepreneurship programmes can be categorised are considered. Attention is given to the various difficulties associated with the design of programmes, as well as their objectives, content and delivery methods. Part II of the paper focuses on the difficulties associated with programme evaluation and the various approaches adopted to determining and measuring effectiveness. This leads to a discussion on whether or not entrepreneurship can be successfully taught.

Findings

Despite the growth in entrepreneurship education and training programmes, the paper reports that little uniformity can be found. Attention is drawn to the art and the science of entrepreneurship, with the consensus that at least some aspects of entrepreneurship can successfully be taught.

Originality/value

The authors highlight the need for evaluating programmes and for educators and trainers to have a fuller understanding of what they wish to achieve from their programme from the outset in order to ensure a more accurate assessment of the outcomes.
Reconfiguring higher education: the case of foundation degrees
Authors: Wilson John P. , Blewitt John , Moody Daphne
Published: April 2005

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the policy background, educational rationale, developmental stages, and the introduction and piloting of a foundation degree (FD).

Design/methodology/approach

The approach is a description and discussion. The paper draws together, for the first time, the main policy documents and reviews and relates these to the pilot programme.

Findings

This new qualification is an attempt to reduce the academic and vocational divide, improve intermediate skill levels, develop the qualifications progression ladder and effectively widen participation to higher education (HE) for non‐traditional groups. Despite criticisms and hesitant take up FDs represent a significant development in British Higher Education producing some innovative and successful programmes such as the FD in Health and Social Care at Bradford University.

Originality/value

Of value to those interested in developments in HE. A number of conclusions are drawn and questions are raised regarding the extent to which FDs might achieve their objectives.
Organizational values and social power
Authors: Koslowsky Meni , Stashevsky Shmuel
Published: April 2005

Purpose

Over the past decade, the social power taxonomy has been applied in many organizational contexts. This study aims to examine the issue of organizational values as antecedents of social power.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 187 Israeli MBA students participated in a study of power and values, as measured by organizational practices and behaviors.

Findings

Findings indicated that soft power bases were preferred over harsh, as expected. In addition, support for the hypothesis of an interaction affect was obtained as charismatic leaders in a complex work environment used punishment very rarely. The findings were discussed in terms of the use in organizations of power strategies as a function of values.

Originality/value

Although the main independent variables, organizational type (routine vs complex) and leadership style (transformational vs transactional), had each been studied independently, this was the first study of their interaction.
Rewards and sacrifices in élite and non‐élite organizations
Authors: Pichanick Mogelof Josephine , Haueisen Rohrer Lisa
Published: April 2005

Purpose

The original purpose of this study was not to focus on job satisfaction, but rather to conduct an exploratory investigation of how symphony orchestra players cope with the frustrations and disappointments of orchestra life. Symphony orchestra players report surprisingly low levels of job satisfaction given the perception held by many that life and work in symphony orchestras is glamorous and rewarding.

Design/methodology/approach

Job satisfaction data were collected in the form of interviews and surveys from 66 musicians in an élite, major orchestra and a non‐élite, regional orchestra.

Findings

Players in both orchestras were similarly satisfied with co‐worker relationships and experienced similar levels of intrinsic work motivation and job involvement. Despite better financial resources in the major orchestra, satisfaction with opportunities for growth and opportunities to exert influence increased with tenure in the regional orchestra, whereas the opposite was true for major players.

Originality/value

The article discusses context‐driven job satisfaction tradeoffs associated with careers in élite versus non‐élite organizations and the role organizations may play in facilitating or impeding workers’ participation in valued activities. It emphasizes the importance of participation in valued activities as a key driver of job satisfaction.
ERP system and implementation‐process benefits
Authors: Bendoly Elliot , Schoenherr Tobias
Published: April 2005

Purpose

The purpose of this work is to empirically demonstrate the synergistic implications of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems and emerging intra‐organizational technologies.

Design/methodology/approach

Using established operational theory as a foundation, the article analyzes the history of ERP use and its impact on gains from business‐to‐business (B2B) purchasing technologies.

Findings

The findings reveal that the extent to which firms witness maintenance‐repair‐operating (MRO) savings through such procurement is dependent not only on the presence of an ERP system, but also on the length of time systems have been in use.

Research limitations/implications

Although limited to the analysis of B2B “success” cases, the results provide strong implications for the importance of ERP as a key infrastructure for B2B activities.

Practical implications

Managers seeking to benefit from B2B economies, should ensure that they possess an adequate IT infrastructure (e.g. ERP) to realize all such potential gains.

Originality/value

The study is one of the first works to demonstrate the link between ERP and B2B benefits solely through the use of objective secondary data.
Measuring and managing performance in extended enterprises
Authors: Bititci Umit S. , Mendibil Kepa , Martinez Veronica , Albores Pavel
Published: April 2005

Purpose

The purpose of this research paper is to demonstrate how existing performance measurement may be adopted to measure and manage performance in extended enterprises.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper reviews the literature in performance measurement and extended enterprises. It explains the collaborative architecture of an extended enterprise and demonstrates this architecture through a case study. A model for measuring and managing performance in extended enterprises is developed using the case study.

Findings

The research found that due to structural differences between traditional and extended enterprises, the systems required to measure and manage the performance of extended enterprises, whilst being based upon existing performance measurement frameworks, would be structurally and operationally different. Based on this, a model for measuring and managing performance in extended enterprises is proposed which includes intrinsic and extrinsic inter‐enterprise coordinating measures.

Research limitations/implications

There are two limitations this research. First, the evidence is based on a single case, thus further cases should be studied to establish the generalisibility of the presented results. Second, the practical limitations of the EE performance measurement model should be established through longitudinal action research.

Practical implications

In practice the model proposed requires collaborating organisations to be more open and share critical performance information with one another. This will require change in practices and attitudes.

Originality/value

The main contribution this paper makes is that it highlights the structural differences between traditional and collaborative enterprises and specifies performance measurement and management requirements of these collaborative organisations.
JIT implementation in Egyptian manufacturing firms: some empirical evidence
Authors: Ismail Salaheldin Salaheldin
Published: April 2005

Purpose

This study aims to delineate the major human modifications to be undertaken prior to just‐in‐time (JIT) implementation in Egyptian manufacturing firms; to discern the benefits obtained from JIT implementation; to identify the problems that Egyptian manufacturing companies typically encounter in implementing JIT philosophy; and to explore the relationship between human modification efforts to be undertaken prior to JIT implementation and JIT success.

Design/methodology/approach

The data analyzed in this article was collected from a mail questionnaire sent to 200 manufacturing firms in Egypt. The findings of this study indicate that JIT success is significantly associated with human resources modification efforts undertaken in preparation for JIT implementation.

Findings

JIT philosophy can be successfully implemented in Egyptian manufacturing companies; just like their peers in developed countries including Japan, USA and the Far East; with thoughtful attention applied to each individual company. Implementation of JIT can greatly improve the operations performance of Egyptian manufacturing firms.

Practical implications

A very significant managerial implication of the current study is that the Egyptian manufacturing companies can use JIT as a strategic philosophy, rather than as a temporary solution for operations obstacles. Another managerial implication of this study is that manufacturing firms are advised to be aware of the meticulous relationship between human modification efforts and the successful implementation of JIT philosophy.

Originality/value

This study contributes to what is a very limited amount of empirical studies of JIT implementation in LDCs in general and in Egypt in particular.
Customer relationship management: the case of a European bank
Authors: Lindgreen Adam , Antioco Michael
Published: April 2005

Purpose

To convert the principle of customer relationship management (CRM) into practical guidelines for best practice in the implementation of a CRM programme in the real world.

Design/methodology/approach

The findings of an extensive review of the literature provide the foundations for a general CRM paradigm, which is applied to a case study of a large European bank's specification, development and implementation of CRM over a five‐year period. Data for the case study were collected in 1‐2 h long depth interviews with executives of the bank and a consultancy firm collaborating in the design of the programme, and were analysed by a formal coding procedure.

Findings

The design and implementation phases of CRM programme development are described in detail, the latter organised into 18 initiatives in five categories: testing, founding, building doing and ongoing.

Research limitations/implications

Because of the stage of development of the bank's programme at the time of writing, it was not possible to report meaningfully on an obvious sixth phase: evaluation. The paper considers shortcomings of CRM implementation and proposes avenues for further research.

Practical implications

A shortage of practically grounded templates for the design and implementation of CRM programmes has left marketing managers struggling to apply the widely advocated principle to their own situations. By adding empirical evidence to prescriptions for best practice, this paper begins the process of bridging that gap between theory and practice.

Originality/value

The unique case study reported here will therefore be of definite interest and potential value to managers responsible for developing market intelligence into formal plans for a CRM strategy, beyond the specific context of financial services.
A positioning strategy for a tourist destination, based on analysis of customers' perceptions and satisfactions
Authors: Ibrahim Essam E. , Gill Jacqueline
Published: April 2005

Purpose

The objectives of this research study were to measure the perception and satisfactions of consumers of the tourism product of Barbados, and to identify potential niche markets that could be used in the development of the destination's positioning strategy.

Design/methodology/approach

Self‐completion questionnaires were distributed to tourists visiting the island at the peak of the 2003 tourism season. The scales used were adapted from two authoritative sources. Data from 400 completed questionnaires were analysed quantitatively by a variety of statistical techniques, including factor analysis and multiple regression. Answers to open‐ended questions were also used where necessary to explain top‐of‐mind attitudes to the tourism products consumed.

Findings

Four possible niche markets are identified that can inform the development of the destination's repositioning strategy: recreational, sports, culture and eco‐tourism.

Research limitations/implications

The time frame of the study was two winter months in one year, and only actual visitors completed the questionnaire. The study did not assess their evaluation of the quality of the services provided and consumed.

Practical implications/originality/value

The overall conclusions and discussion of the findings should provide a case‐based framework for the practical planning and implementation of positioning strategies in the tourism context.
An internet‐based approach to environmental scanning in marketing planning
Authors: Decker Reinhold , Wagner Ralf , Scholz Sören W.
Published: April 2005

Purpose

This paper introduces a new approach for autonomous internet‐based environmental scanning, which combines concept of weak signals with “information foraging theory”.

Design/methodology/approach

Early detection and rapid action with respect to developments in the operating environment is a prerequisite for successful marketing planning. Accordingly, this paper proposes a three‐stage process for overcoming practical obstacles to the detection and use of weak signals from the operating environment, in particular how to identify relevant and useful documents in harsh information environments such as the internet. Its functionality is demonstrated by means of a human‐machine experiment.

Findings

A framework based on information foraging theory is well suited to the task of determining the relevance of documents and facilitates the automation of information search processes. A prototype environmental scanning system of this type outperformed human experts in a typical scanning task.

Research limitations/implications

Embedding the detection of weak signals in a formal process permits intelligence gatherers to step beyond anecdotal evidence, and complements the current literature on weak signal detection with formal and systematic procedural guidelines.

Practical implications

The presented methodology facilitates both the selection and the structuring of information sources. This unburdens the managers and leaves time for important tasks such as the development of concrete marketing plans reacting to detected developments.

Originality/value

The paper provides a comprehensive framework for web‐based weak signal detection in business environments, and can be used as a starting point for the development of practicable environmental scanning systems.
The influence of export information use on export knowledge and performance
Authors: Toften Kjell
Published: April 2005

Purpose

To test empirical relationships between export market information use and export knowledge and export performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Confirmatory factor analysis, using LISREL 8.50, based on a postal survey. The setting selected was the Norwegian seafood industry, mainly consisting of a number of small and medium‐sized firms with a strong export dependency.

Findings

The results indicate that “instrumental/conceptual” use of information positively affects both export knowledge and export performance, while “symbolic” use does not affect either. Export knowledge is found to have no direct influence on export performance in this study.

Research limitations/implications

For generalisation purposes, longitudinal studies in multiple settings would be preferable to this cross‐sectional survey in a specific setting.

Practical implications

Firms accumulate knowledge and expertise by integrating and incorporating information that has been processed, interpreted and used. This study underscores the importance, for success in export markets, of a commitment to systematically generating, disseminating and responding to export market information. There are clear implications for the management of market intelligence and planning, to enhance the firm's performance.

Originality/value

Provides a better understanding of export market information use and its consequences, by integrating it with the concepts of export knowledge and export performance, and testing their structural relations.
Shoppers' satisfaction levels are not the only key to store loyalty
Authors: Miranda Mario J. , Kónya László , Havrila Inka
Published: April 2005

Purpose

To identify the factors that influence shoppers' satisfaction with their “primary” grocery store, and those that encourage them to continue patronising it despite being presented with a significant inducement to shop elsewhere.

Design/methodology/approach

A structured questionnaire containing 31 variables relating to shopping behaviour and satisfaction was administered to 934 shoppers leaving a number of grocery stores in an Australian city during a two‐week period. Results were used to construct two mathematical models predicting customer satisfaction and store loyalty, from which two research hypotheses were derived.

Findings

The results of model estimation show that factors with a significant influence on store satisfaction have little in common with others that impel shoppers to remain loyal to one store. Indeed, there was no evidence in this study that shoppers' overall satisfaction was by itself a significant influence on continued patronage.

Research limitations/implications

The questionnaire did not ask questions, judged to be intrusive, relating to respondents' income level, education background, employment status or household size – characteristics known to have a bearing on perception of risk associated with switching to an unfamiliar store and hence potentially to inhibit action. It would be instructive in future research to assess the extent to which demographic characteristics mediate perceptions of financial, psychological and social risk, and their influence on satisfaction and loyalty.

Practical implications

Retailers often do not recognise that what influences customer satisfaction is not the same as what engenders store loyalty, and consequently do not allocate scarce resources systematically among tactics influencing one or the other. Unless they are vigilant to changing consumer behaviour patterns, they will not be able to isolate in their strategy the elements of the retail mix that could insulate their loyal customers from responding to competitors' special offers.

Originality/value

This study introduces intelligence gatherers and strategic planners in the retail context to an important distinction between general satisfaction and specific loyalty.