bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
People Who Report Religious Experiences May Also Display Enhanced Temporal-Lobe Signs
Authors: Persinger M. A.
Published: September 2011

Religious and god-related experiences have been hypothesized to be a portion of the continuum of phenomena that are generated by endogenous, transient electrical stimulation within deep structures of the temporal lobe. According to this hypothesis, normal people, without psychiatric history, who report intense religious experiences should also demonstrate a wide range of temporal lobe-related private behaviors. To test this prediction, a self-report inventory that contained 140 temporal-lobe-relevant information, opinion-belief, and sampled MMPI statements was administered to two separate groups ( n =: 108; n = 41) of male and female first-year university students. In Study I, subjects who had reported religious experiences, particularly those who did not attend church regularly, scored significantly higher on a variety of statement clusters ( n = 7 to 14 items) that contained temporal-lobe symptomology relative to groups who did not report religious experiences and did not attend church regularly. In Study II subjects, regardless of church attendance, who reported religious experiences scored significantly higher on the temporal-lobe clusters. People who reported religious experiences were more likely to have kept a dairy and to enjoy poetry reading or writing. However, religious experients and churchgoers did not score higher (in either experiment) on clusters that contained mundane psychological or proprioceptive statements, descriptions of odd sensations, or modified portions of the Lie scale from the MMPI.
Evaluating Criteria for Selection of Nonparametric Statistics
Authors: Jenkins Stephen J. , Fuqua Dale R. , Hartman Bruce W.
Published: September 2011

One of the most frequent criticisms leveled against using nonparametric statistics is their alleged lack of power or sensitivity compared to their parametric counterparts. Empirical studies of the power of nonparametric procedures versus their parametric partners have shown that their lack of power, in many situations, is a myth. Where there is evidence that distributions depart appreciably from normality and the variances are not homogeneous, the probability is enhanced that the power advantage can be found in the nonparametric procedures.
Bender Scores and the Horse as a Distinct Item on Object Assembly of the WISC
Authors: Thomas Antoinette D.
Published: September 2011

This exploratory study investigated the relationship between two measures of perceptual-motor problems. Ratios derived from the Object Assembly subtest of the WISC with errors greater than 1 SD on the Bender test using Koppitz scoring system were compared. The sample of 66 white middle-class children was 6 to 11 yr. old. The particular ratio studied was statistically significantly associated with the Bender, whereas ratios of other Object Assembly items were not. The Horse ratio was also significantly associated with the presence of learning problems shown in children's files.
Meditation Practice as Related to Occupational Stress, Health and Productivity
Authors: Delmonte M. M.
Published: September 2011

This article reviews three studies giving evidence on the effects of meditation practice on employees' health in the work setting. Although there may be a beneficial role for meditation, unfortunately, these findings await further replication so it would be premature to conclude that meditation practice reduces occupational stress.
Critical Stimulus Durations for Some Verbal and Nonverbal Stimuli
Authors: Barbee James G. , Black Iryna Lawriw
Published: September 2011

Durations of stimulus exposures in visual backward masking are determined with reference to critical stimulus durations. These are defined as the minimum, undisrupted, durations of exposure for 100% accuracy for a predetermined number of trials. These durations are shown to vary both within and between classes of stimuli for 10 normal adults with a mean age of 26.40 yr. The verbal stimuli employed (letters of the alphabet) were significantly easier to discern than the nonverbal stimuli (arrows). Although some letters were more readily identified than others, differences were not significant. The results suggest that type of stimuli, nature of response, and the ease with which stimuli can be discerned be considered in the selection of target stimuli for experiments using masking.
New Estimate for Storage Time in Sensory Memory
Authors: Purdy Jesse E. , Olmstead Kelly M.
Published: September 2011

Sperling in 1960 reported information in sensory storage remained for about one sec. In 1974 Phillips reported that information in sensory storage passed on to short-term visual memory after 100 msec. To distinguish between these alternatives, 55 subjects received 36 trials in which two matrices of letters, familiar shapes, or non-familiar shapes were presented successively in a recognition task. The interstimulus interval varied systematically. Results showed that as the interval increased, performance decreased. Further, memory for letters and familiar shapes was superior. Finally, there were no differences among letters, familiar shapes, and non-familiar shapes at the .25-sec. interval. At the .5-sec. interval, performance for familiar shapes was superior to performance for non-familiar shapes. It was concluded that information transfers to short-term visual storage after .25 sec.
Awareness in the Substance of the Body Focus Questionnaire
Authors: Ajzen Yair , Iagolnitzer Edmond R.
Published: September 2011

A semantic approach to Fisher's (1970) Body Focus Questionnaire gives a proper setting to a controversy about the meaning of correlations between the scales of the questionnaire. It points to biases that definitely affect some correlations. For instance, in Reihman and Fisher's data (1984), none of the 13 statistically significant correlations (total sample) out of 28 is to be found among the 7 biased pairs. Further empirical investigations are suggested.
Multiple Resources and Brain Laterality
Authors: Galluscio Eugene H. , Kuehner Kay V. , Van Buskirk Ann W.
Published: September 2011

Two studies tested the multiple resources model of information processing using tachistoscopically lateralized input. In Exp. 1 37 normal, dextral subjects, 18 men aged 18/21 yr. and 19 women aged 18/22 yr. responded manually to a visuo-spatial and verbal dual-task presented simultaneously to left and right brain or nonlaterally. Both men and women tended to have superior performance with coherent lateral input, however, differences in task difficulty and the possibility of a left-to-right scanning advantage with lateral input made interpretation of the data tenuous. In Exp. 2 the difficulty of the two tasks was more equal and a third viewing condition, having noncoherent lateral input, was included. Normal, dextral subjects, 10 men aged 18/21 yr. and 10 women aged 19/21 yr. were tested under all three viewing conditions. Both men and women had superior performance with coherent lateral input compared to the other two conditions. The results led to speculations that each hemisphere has unique pools of resources, that the resources of one or both hemispheres may be functional in processing a given task, and that in dual-task situations the brain operates most efficiently and accurately with direct access of appropriate tasks to each hemisphere.
Perception of Fry Register in Black Dialect and Standard English Speakers
Authors: Saniga Richard D. , Carlin Margaret F. , Farrell Susan C.
Published: September 2011

Speech samples from 30 women, grouped by race and use of standard southern English or black dialect, were judged for perception of fry register vocalizations. All subjects speaking standard southern English were perceived to utilize significantly fewer fry vocalizations than were black subjects speaking black dialect.
Two Components of Motor Time: The Tension Lag and the Tension-Developing Phase
Authors: Nakamura R. , Nagasaki H. , Tsuji I.
Published: September 2011

Motor time (MT) of the rectus femoris muscle for knee extension under loading on the leg with different weights and latency of isometric tension from the onset of electromyographic activities of the muscle were examined in 7 normal men. MT was linearly related to weights-loaded, indicating that the rate of rapid development of tension was almost linear even in its early phase. MT without a load obtained by calculation using the regression equation and the estimated weight of the leg and foot coincided with latency of isometric tension. It is assumed that MT is composed of two consecutive phases, a tension-lag phase and a rapid tension-developing phase.
Kindergarteners' Selective Attention in Direct and Observational Learning
Authors: Ohnogi Hiroaki
Published: September 2011

The present study was designed to compare direct learning (learning by performing) with observational learning (learning by observing) in a version of central-incidental memory task. A 2 × 2 factorial design, containing methods of participation (performer, observer) and game-trials (1 and 5 games) was used. 80 kindergarteners (6 yr. old) were divided into four groups. In the performer and observer conditions, central recall scores were higher than incidental recall scores, five-game groups showed more central recall than one-game groups, five-game groups showed more incidental learning than one-game groups, and recognition scores were higher than recall scores. The results suggested that the observers' attention to stimuli may be inferred to be very similar to the performers', for the observers' score patterns of the two measures were similar to those of the performers.
Effects of Subject-to-Experimenter Distance and Instructions on Lateral Eye Movement
Authors: Jameson John L. , Sellick Todd B.
Published: September 2011

Lateral eye movements and heart rate were recorded as 32 right-handed men answered verbal and spatial questions. Experimenter-to-subject distance (.8 and 1.5 m) and attention demand of instructions were manipulated in a 2 × 2 design. A significant main effect for distance and an interaction of distance by instructions appeared on the direction of eye movements independent of type of question. The greatest number of leftward eye movements occurred ar the short distance with instructions demanding higher attention. These findings are consistent with evidence that emotional arousal produces greater right- than left-hemisphere activation.
On the Association of Effort and Force of Handgrip
Authors: Krombholz H.
Published: September 2011

The connection between prescribed levels of effort and force of handgrip was investigated using a ratio-production procedure. Subjects were 24 male right-handed students. The relation can be described as a linear function for both the right and the left hands.
Longitudinal Changes in Time Estimation in Affective Disorders: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Tysk Lennart
Published: September 2011

8 patients with hospital diagnoses of major affective disorder were studied by repeated measurements of time estimation using the three different methods of metronome adjustment, verbal estimation and operative estimation (production) of short time intervals. Retrospective estimations of longer intervals were also studied. The diagnoses were evaluated according to DSM III criteria. The degree of mental disturbance was rated with subscales of the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale. Earlier findings had indicated that manic patients tend to overestimate short time intervals and that some depressed patients underestimated time, but some investigators have reported different results. A longitudinal study could possibly support the earlier findings if the time estimations should vary with the clinical states of the patients. Such a variation was suggested by the results of 5 of the 8 patients. In several cases there were statistically significant correlations between the results of time estimations and the rating scores. This partly supports earlier findings. Associations between time estimations and changes in clinical state seem to be present in some cases of major affective disorders. Operative estimations were best correlated with ratings in most cases.
Reading Skill and Sensitivity to Inter-Word Constraint
Authors: Butler Brian E. , Clark Lynn A.
Published: September 2011

Several previous studies, using letter sequences of varying approximation to real text, have shown that reading skill is closely related to the use of orthographic redundancy. The present experiment extended this by examining the use of redundancy at the word level. 10 adults were more sensitive than grade-six children to inter-word constraints but both good and poor grade-six readers ( ns = 10) appeared equally sensitive to redundancy at the word level.
Cognitive Styles: Illusory Phenomena
Authors: Schiano Diane J. , Zhang Hou-Can
Published: September 2011

The relationship between cognitive style and illusion magnitude was examined using the assimilation and contrast Delboeuf distortions. As in previous research, field dependence correlated positively with assimilation; however, a significant negative correlation with contrast was also found, suggesting that, while field dependence may involve the illusory integration of the stimulus field, field independence may involve its equally illusory differentiation.
Reading Knowledge and Reading Comprehension of Fourth-Grade Children
Authors: Feldt Ronald C.
Published: September 2011

The relationships between specific components of reading knowledge and reading comprehension were examined for 22 children (aged 10 yr.). A statistically significant relationship was observed between a composite of knowledge variables and comprehension; however, the relationship was no longer statistically significant when intelligence was controlled. Controlling the effect of intelligence may minimize the relationship between reading knowledge and comprehension.
Grapheme Development in Handicapped Children's Drawings
Authors: Krampen Martin
Published: September 2011

According to F. Olivier children's drawings are composed of basic shapes called graphemes. Three sets of these graphemes develop between the ages of 3 and 5 yr. A cross-cultural study had shown no difference in grapheme development between Turkish and German children. When the drawings of physically handicapped children were compared with those of normally developing children, a significant difference was found in the third step of grapheme development, the production of symmetrical graphemes. Physically handicapped children are retarded by comparison with normally developing ones in rendering graphemes symmetrical. The reason for this might by asymmetry in their body schema.
Differences in the Social Complexity of Children's Play Choices
Authors: Sleet David A.
Published: September 2011

Game preference was used to determine the social complexity of play choices among 162 fourth grade school children living and playing in inner-city, suburban, and rural settings. Boys exhibited significantly higher play-socialization scores than did girls. Social complexity of play and chronological age, in months, were significantly correlated .76 among the sample of inner-city girls. Children from rural schools preferred play requiring less social complexity than children from inner-city or suburban schools. Opportunities for group and team play for boys and within inner-city schools and neighborhoods may best explain differences in these children's play preferences.
Effect of Using Mechanical Devices for Baseball Batting on Warm-up Decrement
Authors: Anshel Mark H.
Published: September 2011

The extent to which different mechanical baseball-batting devices used during a rest affected performance immediately after rest (warm-up decrement) was examined. Difference scores between the average of pre-rest Trials 8, 9, and 10 and each of 10 postrest trials were used to determine the presence of warm-up decrement. It was predicted that the use of a batting-T and the Batter's Aid machine (in which a batter swings ac a ball popped up within the strike zone) would result in superior performance measured as the distance (ft.) a ball was hit and frequency of contacts on postrest performance reducing or eliminating the warm-up decrement. Performance of 33 boys, aged 11 and 12 yr., indicated that only use of the Batter's Aid eliminated warm-up decrement with respect to both the distance and frequency as compared to the batting-T and control groups. In addition, the batting-T condition solicited significantly better performance than the controls on the distance measure but was statistically similar to the controls in frequency of contacts. Also, superior performance was significantly related to heightened heart rate, a physiological index of arousal. A primary explanation of the results focused on the effects of heightened physiological and psychological arousal on warm-up decrement.
Verbal and Nonverbal Empathy and Prediction of Social Behavior of Young Children
Authors: Marcus Robert F. , Roke Edward J. , Bruner Carol
Published: September 2011

32 preschool children were videotaped while being administered Feshbach's FASTE test. The intensity of the expression of emotion in the face and voice to the emotions of happiness, anger, sadness, and fear was rated. Measures of cooperation and aggression were also obtained for each child. Feshbach's measure was predictive of cooperation but not of aggression. Different patterns of correlations were evident for facial and vocal empathy, with facial empathy showing negative correlations with cooperation. The expression of empathic sensitivity and its role in social behavior are discussed.
The Equivalence of Kappa and Del
Authors: Froman Terry W. , Llabre Maria M.
Published: September 2011

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the formal equivalence of Cohen's weighted kappa (1960, 1968) and the del measure of prediction analysis techniques developed by Hildebrand, Laing, and Rosenthal in 1977 and of their sampling variances. This equivalence leads to interesting extensions of each statistic. In particular, two extensions are presented here: a measure of the maximum value of del is introduced, and a measure of precision for kappa is presented. Other possibilities are suggested for future research.
Geophysical Variables and Behavior: XXI. Geomagnetic Variation as Possible Enhancement Stimuli for UFO Reports Preceding Earthtremors
Authors: Persinger M. A.
Published: September 2011

The contribution of geomagnetic variation to the occurrence of UFORs (reports of UFOs) within the New Madrid States during the 6-mo. increments before increases in the numbers of IV-V or less intensity earthquakes within the central USA was determined. Although statistically significant zero-order correlations existed between measures of earthquakes, UFORs and geomagnetic variability, the association between the latter two deteriorated markedly when their shared variance with earthquakes was held constant. These outcomes are compatible with the hypothesis that geomagnetic variability (or phenomena associated with it) may enhance UFORs but only if tectonic stress and strain are increasing within the region.
Geophysical Variables and Behavior: XXII. The Tectonogenic Strain Continuum of Unusual Events
Authors: Persinger M. A.
Published: September 2011

Transient and very localized geophysical forces are hypothesized to be a major source of phenomena that have been traditionally labelled as haunts and poltergeists. They would be generated by increasing tectonic stresses and would display electromagnetic and gravitational characteristics. Materials would be influenced according to their physical properties. Dielectric materials would respond differently from conductors. Organic semiconductors, of which the human being is an important subcategory, would be affected as well. The conspicuous overlaps between (non-convulsive) complex partial epilepsy and many episodes of poltergeists and haunts are expected in light of the direct stimulation of the observer's brain by the transient, intense magnetic fields and the lability of temporal lobe structures. Implications and some general predictions for the distribution of these phenomena in time and space are discussed.
Accuracy of Remembering Postdelivery Pain
Authors: Rofé Yacov , Algom Daniel
Published: September 2011

Memory for pain after delivery was assessed by means of a verbal rating scale. 238 young women giving birth to healthy babies as a result of spontaneous delivery were asked to rate intensity of pain immediately following delivery. A day or two later, they were asked to remember how much pain they had experienced immediately after delivery. Analysis showed that the recall of pain was fairly accurate, irrespective of personality type, the level of education, and the number of childbirths. The findings provide some support for the reliability of pain reports from memory for a nonpatient population experiencing a rather unique pain experience.
Sex Differences in Creativity among a Sample of Jamaican Adolescents
Authors: Richardson Arthur G.
Published: September 2011

Five creativity measures tapping both fluency and originality were administered to 320 Jamaican middle-class 16-yr.-olds (101 boys and 219 girls) to assess sex differences in creative performance. Analysis indicated sex differences only on the Remote Associates Test, with superior performance by girls. In addition, there were more significant correlations for girls than boys.
Observers' Reaction to Touchers
Authors: Hewitt Jay , Lewis Gregory
Published: September 2011

20 men and 20 women were shown nine photographs in which two people were interacting. The first photograph shown showed a male and a female engaged in a nontouching interaction. The remaining eight photographs showed a touching interaction. Subjects rated their affective reaction to each of the touching interactions relative to their reaction to the first (nontouch) interaction. In the latter 8 photographs, the person facing the camera was either male or female, the person with back to camera was either male or female, and the touch shown was either a hand touch or a hug. All touching interactions were rated more positively than the standard (nontouch interaction). Male and female subjects tended to show identical reactions to the photographs. More positive reactions were shown to cross-sex hugging than to same-sex hugging and interactions showing hand touch.
Interhemispheric Visual Masking
Authors: Braff David L. , Saccuzzo Dennis P.
Published: September 2011

Backward masking functions were evaluated in a paradigm in which target and masking stimuli were presented to opposite cerebral hemispheres using separate peripheral pathways. Backward masking occurred dichoptically when the target and mask were projected to opposite hemispheres. These findings indicated that some effective masking mechanisms are mediated by interhemispheric interactions independent of retinal phenomena.
Comparison of Intellectually and Artistically Gifted on Five Dimensions of Mental Functioning
Authors: Piechowski Michael M. , Silverman Linda K. , Falk R. Frank
Published: September 2011

Two talented groups (artists and intellectually gifted) and one comparison group (graduate students from various disciplines) were examined on five dimensions of mental functioning: psychomotor, sensual, intellectual, imaginational, and emotional. These dimensions constitute a model of developmental potential representing, respectively, the personal level of energy, sensual aliveness, the pursuit of knowledge and truth, imagination, and the life of feeling. According to this model, the strength, richness, and depth of talent are a function of the strength of these five dimensions, measured on an open-ended questionnaire. Analysis showed that intellectual talent tends to be associated with high scores on three dimensions (intellectual, imaginational, and emotional), while artistic talent tends to be associated with high scores on all five dimensions (especially strong on imaginational and emotional). In contrast, the graduate students had lower scores on all five dimensions.
Relationships among Pleasure, Anxiety and Physiological Response Patterns during the Sexual Sequence in Normal and Dispermic Subjects
Authors: Ruggieri Vezio , Rocchetto Fabrizio , Giovenco Patrizio , Barbieri Carlo , Dondero Franco
Published: September 2011

We examined the reported subjective level of pleasure and anxiety usually perceived during the four phases of the sexual sequence by 18 dispermic patients and 18 normal subjects. Relevant differences exist between the two groups in their perception of both emotions. The role of pleasure and anxiety in modulating some reflexive biological responses of the sexual sequence is discussed.
Group Embedded Figures Test: Psychometric Data for a Sample of Accountants Compared with Student Norms
Authors: Pincus Karen V.
Published: September 2011

The study examined the performance of 124 practicing accountants on the Group Embedded Figures Test. Descriptive statistics and reliability measures for the sample of accountants were compared to previously published norms for samples of students. The accountants were significantly less field independent than two of the three samples of business students. Sex differences noted previously for liberal arts students were not observed for the accountants.
Improving the Test-Taking Skills of Learning-Disabled Students
Authors: Scruggs Thomas E. , Tolfa Debra
Published: September 2011

16 learning-disabled second- and third-grade students were matched on previous years' achievement scores and grade and assigned at random to experimental and control conditions. Students in the experimental condition were given 8 20-min. sessions of training in test-taking skills particular to the Stanford Achievement Test. Analysis of test scores indicated trained students scored significantly higher on one subtest of a shortened version of the test than students who had not been trained.
Analysis of Temporal Suppression Mechanism in Binocular Rivalry
Authors: Sohmiya Tamotsu , Sohmiya Kazuko
Published: September 2011

A method for analyzing the temporal suppression mechanism in binocular rivalry is described. A test pattern was presented to one eye and a suppressing pattern to the other eye after varying time intervals. The subject was instructed to report the frequency of nonsuppression phases of the test pattern immediately after presentation of the suppressing pattern. Analysis indicated that the test pattern was never suppressed at the 0-msec. stimulus onset asynchrony and the nonsuppression probabilities decreased as the onset asynchrony increased. Moreover, resistivity to contralateral suppression was greater when the test pattern was projected to the dominant eye.
Ego Identity in a Cohort of Young Adults of Voting Age
Authors: Carlson Rae , Carlson Leslie
Published: September 2011

Results of the 1984 presidential election showing that the Reagan-Bush ticket received its strongest support among younger voters aged 18 to 24 yr., have been widely interpreted as indicating a trend toward conservative ideology among young people. Has such a trend any implications for understanding the course of personality development among contemporay youth? This issue was addressed in a study examining political attitudes of college students as a component of ego-identity in Erikson's (1950) sense. 37 men and 37 women, individually matched for age and academic major, were given Marcia's sentence-completion test for ego identity. 78% of the sample rejected any interest in political affairs. Over-all, their levels of identity-achievement were strikingly lower than those reported (Marcia, 1980) in previous decades. The only reliable intrasample difference was found for those aged 20, among whom women were significantly higher in ego-identity than the men. Results suggest that (1) political attitudes of young voters are not rooted in any cleat ideological position and (2) a strong cohort effect may differentiate this generation from their counterparts in the 1960s and 1970s.
Interference Effects in the Picture-Word Stroop Task
Authors: Toma Roberta J. , Tsao Yao-Chung
Published: September 2011

Line drawings of common objects with an embedded three-or four-letter word or scrambled word were presented either to the right or left visual field. Subjects were to name the line drawing of a common object as fast and as accurately as possible. Reaction times and response accuracy were recorded and analyzed. Percent errors were significantly higher when a line drawing with a word was presented in the right visual field than in the left visual field. Sex of subject was not significant. This finding is analogous to results found when the color-word Stroop task is used.
Word-Association Responses to Time-Altered Stimuli by Schizophrenic Adults
Authors: Halpern Harvey , Brandon John M. , Goldfarb Robert , Cartin-Clark Marguerite Mc
Published: September 2011

This research addressed the relationship between the speed of presentation of stimuli through the auditory and visual modalities and the number of syntagmatic and paradigmatic word-association responses of 49 chronic undifferentiated schizophrenic adults. In word-association tests administered to subjects stimuli were balanced for frequency of occurrence in written English language (frequent, infrequent), word length (long, short), abstraction level (low, medium, high), and part of speech (noun, verb, adjective). The words were presented auditorily at normal speed (equivalent to 10 phonemes per second) and at half speed (equivalent to 5 phonemes per second) speech. Words were also presented visually, using a tachistoscope, at extended fixation speed (equivalent to 1,000 msec.) and at sweep speed (equivalent to 10 msec.). Mote paradigmatic responses occurred on word stimuli if nouns, long, and frequently occurring presented auditorily; and if concrete, nouns, and presented slowly and visually. Results were compared to previously reported data for aphasic and normal adults, and differentiating features and clinical implications were discussed.
Examination of Response Formats without Anchoring Items
Authors: Bardo J. W. , Yeager S. J. , Burdsal C. A.
Published: September 2011

Bartlett's chi squared, Cattell's scree test, and the Kaiser criterion for the number of factors were examined for susceptibility to error variance using non-anchored responses ( N = 292) to various sets of fixed-response formats (4-, 5-, and 7-point Likert and numeric, lines with end points anchored, and several forms of human faces). Results demonstrated that Cattell's scree test is the most conservative under these conditions followed by Bartlett's chi squared with alpha set at .001. The Kaiser criterion was generally the most liberal. The factor pattern of the first principal component for each set of response formats was then examined for consistency using congruence coefficients. High congruences were found among most formats with the exception of 4-point formats. Of formats tested 4-position response formats seem least susceptible to systematic error based both on eigenvalue criteria and congruence with other formats.
Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children: Alternate Solutions to Triangles, Item 17
Authors: Levenson Richard L.
Published: September 2011

The present brief report discusses Triangles, a subtest of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children. Similar to Wechsler's Block Design, Triangles is primarily a measure of nonverbal concept formation and visual-motor coordination. The present author has observed an alternate “correct” solution to Item 17. Although psychometrically incorrect, this response may aid the school psychologist in determining cognitive styles and areas of skill development or remediation.
Deafness and Perception of Nonverbal Expression of Emotion
Authors: Weisel Amatzia
Published: September 2011

Compensatory sensitivity is said to follow loss of a primary communicative channel. In previous studies in which how accurately deaf and hearing people perceive emotional expression was compared, caricatures or nonverbal behavior of hearing people were stimuli. These studies did not specifically address the possibility that deaf people show nonverbal behavior which might be related to their sign language. To assess this possibility two methodological innovations were made. Stimuli were displayed of nonverbal messages with various emotional contents presented by deaf people in sign language. Also, no verbal labels identified emotional content of the messages. Sixty hearing and 45 deaf male college students watched films of emotional expressions in sign language. The participants tried to identify the emotional content of each film by matching content to one of six photographs of facial expressions. Responses were analyzed for accuracy in perceiving the emotional content. Hearing participants were more accurate in perceiving the display of Happiness. Display of Disgust was perceived better by the deaf participants. No support was found for compensatory sensitivity among the deaf participants.
Modification of Articulation Error Using a Multiple-Context, Distinctive-Feature Treatment Program
Authors: Bountress Nicholas G. , Bountress Martha G. , Nusbaum Janis L.
Published: September 2011

This study describes a distinctive feature approach to remediating articulation disorders which, rather than relying upon across-phoneme generalization, incorporates all phonemes exhibiting a specific feature. Comparison is made to an approach which relies upon generalization. Clinical implications are discussed.
An Aberrant Drawing Sequence of the Human Figure and its Relation to Psychopathology
Authors: De Fazio Antoinette
Published: September 2011

The incidence of affective instability and antisocial behavior in patients, and familial mental illness in 14 psychiatric inpatients who drew the human figure aberrantly from the feet upwards to the head were compared with 15 psychiatric inpatients who did not draw the human figure in this manner. The incidence of the three factors of interest was significantly different in the two groups. While affective instability was not significantly different in the two groups, there were significant differences in the incidence of familial mental illness and antisocial behavior with elevations for the aberrant drawing group. Clinical vignettes are presented. This study suggests that the sequence of drawing may be a more objective datum than psychodynamic interpretations of finished products and may have some predictive usefulness in planning treatment.
Geophysical Variables and Behavior: XXXII. Evaluations of UFO Reports in an Area of Infrequent Seismicity: The Carman, Manitoba Episode
Authors: Persinger M. A. , Derr J. S.
Published: September 2011

A critical test of the observation that most well documented episodes (“flaps”) of UFO reports (UFORs) display a temporal relationship to the nearest release of seismic energy was completed for the Carman episode. These reports occurred over a 3-yr. period (1974-1977) near Winnipeg, Manitoba; yet, this province has no recorded seismicity. Visual inspection of the numbers of UFORs per month during this period indicated they were strongly correlated with the amount of seismic energy released within 1000 km. The Carman episode occurred during the time of the closest and strongest recorded earthquake in the recent history (since 1950) of the area. Characteristics of the local geology and crustal morphology were considered as factors that might influence the furthest distance at which seismicity is associated with UFORs. The results were interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that most well documented episodes of UFORs refer to actual geophysical phenomena that are generated by tectonic strain.
Individual Differences in Memory for Dreams: The Role of Cognitive Skills
Authors: Butler Stephen F. , Watson Robert
Published: September 2011

Ontogenetic findings have suggested a relationship between selected cognitive variables, especially Block Design ability, and REM dream-recall rates. This study investigated the extent to which such cognitive variables could account for individual differences in the REM recall of home-dream “nonreporters,” defined as self-described infrequent recallers who also recorded few dreams in a dream diary. Adult male nonreporters were assigned either to a high Block Design or low Block Design group ( n = 6 each). Other cognitive (e.g., memory and visuospatial) abilities were measured to determine relationships to REM recall rates and ratings of dream “salience.” On laboratory REM awakenings, subjects high on Block Design reported significantly more dreams than subjects who were low. However, within the latter group recall rates varied considerably (from 0% recall to 100% recall). This variability is accounted for in terms of an interaction of a dream-generation factor (salience) and a mnemonic factor (interference).
Effect of Age on Handedness in Brazilian Adults is Sex-Dependent
Authors: Brito Gilberto N. O. , Brito Linda S. O. , Paumgartten Francisco J. R.
Published: September 2011

The hand preference of 357 men (20 to 69 yr.) and 332 women (20 to 68 yr.) was assessed by the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory. Analysis showed that (i) 20- to 29-yr.-old men have a higher frequency of left-and mixed-handedness and a lower frequency of right-handedness than women; (ii) 40+-yr.-old men have a lower frequency of mixed-handedness and a higher frequency of right-handedness; (iii) the manual preference of women was not related to age.
Method for Measuring Strength of Suppression in Binocular Rivalry
Authors: Sohmiya Tamotsu , Sohmiya Kazuko
Published: September 2011

A method for measuring the strength of suppression of a suppressing pattern is examined. The test pattern was a black filled circle 1° in diameter and suppressing patterns were black outline circles 1, 1.2, 1.5, 2, 3, and 4° in inner diameter, respectively. Each subject (2 men, 2 women) was asked to report the frequency of suppression phases of the test pattern immediately after presentation of the suppressing pattern. Analysis indicated that the method used is effective as a way of analyzing the rivalry process and the effect of eyedness.
Attitudes of Behaviorally Disordered Students toward Tests: A Replication
Authors: Tolfa Debra , Scruggs Thomas E. , Mastropieri Margo A.
Published: September 2011

48 behaviorally disordered and 48 more average students were administered a test attitude survey immediately after district-wide standardized achievement testing. Results were consistent with previous research which suggested behaviorally disordered students may report poorer attitudes than their more typical peers.
An Alternative to the Fisher and Pearson Methods for Combining Tests of Significance
Authors: Levonian Edward
Published: September 2011

Independently Fisher and K. Pearson suggested similar methods for combining probability integrals from independent tests of significance. These methods (a) can lead to anomalous results, (b) are not sensitive to hypotheses alternative to the hypothesis under test, and (c) are biased. An alternative method, free of these limitations, is proposed. Combined probabilities from the Fisher, Pearson, and proposed methods are compared against results obtained from traditional analyses, and the proposed method is found to be superior.
Short-Form Scoring for Mc Clelland's Version of the TAT
Authors: Chusmir Leonard H.
Published: September 2011

Time needed to score TAT protocols may be reduced one-half or more by using a short-form scoring method that includes only the scoring for need imagery rather than the entire range of subcategories. A rescoring of 478 TAT coding sheets for six previous studies by the present author shows correlations in the mid-80s for the single-item scoring version of need Achievement, need Affiliation, and need Power. Although raw scores from the short form and long form are not comparable, the short-form scores appear to predict the same dominant need profiles as the original McClelland TAT coding. It may be reasonable then to substitute the short-form scoring for the full TAT coding when time is an issue.
Test for Individual Perceptions of Job Equity: Some Preliminary Findings
Authors: Huseman Richard C. , Hatfield John D. , Miles Edward W.
Published: September 2011

For 880 persons in management and professional positions mean satisfaction for those classified as Benevolent, Equity Sensitive, and Entitled when under-equitably of over-rewarded showed main effects of sensitivity to equity and perceptions of equity, but no interactions. Further work is suggested.
Effects of Clorazepate Dipotassium and Placebo on Psychomotor Skills
Authors: Moodley Parimala , Golombok Susan , Lader Malcolm
Published: September 2011

24 normal, healthy subjects were assigned randomly to 15 mg clorazepate dipotassium or placebo groups in a double-blind study. Their performance on a psychological test battery was assessed 45 min. later. Clorazepate dipotassium produced statistically significant impairment in attention and simple reaction time compared with placebo. Performance on more complex tests of cognitive functioning showed no drug effects.
Grip Strength as a Function of Exposure to Red or Green Visual Stimulation
Authors: O'Connell Bernard J. , Harper Robert S. , McAndrew Francis T.
Published: September 2011

40 male college students exhibited greater grip strength in the presence of red visual stimulation than they did when exposed to green. Several confounding factors present in previous tests of the color-strength hypothesis were carefully controlled.
Effect of Pure and Crossed Dextrality on Marksmanship Skill
Authors: Sheeran Thomas J.
Published: September 2011

This research examined the effects of pure and crossed dextrality on the marksmanship scores of cadets in the Reserve Officers Training Corps at their respective institutions. 34 male, right-handed (dextral) subjects (M age = 21.5 yr.) were classified on the basis of eyedness. During summer advanced training camp, subjects fired M-16A1 rifles for marksmanship qualifying scores (score range 0 to 40). Of the 34 subjects, 17 were classified as pure dextrals (right-hand, right-eye), while the other 17 were labeled crossed dextrals (right-hand, left-eye). The mean difference between the two groups was significant, suggesting that pure dextrals are better marksmen than crossed dextrals early in training. Also, the interrelation of eyedness and handedness on marksmanship scores is important but has been largely ignored.
Effect of Plane of Movement and Speed of Stimulus on Anticipatory Coincidence
Authors: Dunham Paul , Glad Harold
Published: September 2011

60 subjects practiced anticipating coincidence of car and ball in both the sagittal and frontal planes. Analysis of various errors indicated significant effects of plane, sex, and their interaction.
Social Distance and Behavioral Attributes of Developmentally Handicapped and Normal Children
Authors: Sherman Lawrence W. , Burgess Dianne E.
Published: September 2011

20 behavioral attributes predicting social distance were examined among 101 junior high school students in six classrooms. The sample included 8 developmentally handicapped students, of whom at least one of each was mainstreamed into each classroom. Subjects were predominantly white, middle-class, suburban midwesterners. A sociometric nomination measure was used to obtain behavioral attribute profiles of the students which were then used to predict a psychometric measure of social distance. Handicapped students were not more socially distant than their normal peers. Factor analysis of the 20 behavioral attributes yielded four factors, three of which were significant predictors of classroom social distance, accounting for better than half the variance in social distance. These were described as Incompetent/Unassertive, Positive/Active/Assertive, and Passive/Unassertive. Social rejection in mainstreamed classrooms is more a function of perceived behavioral attributes than the label developmentally handicapped.
Abilities of Normal and Reading-Disabled Children to Combine the Visual and Auditory Modalities with Dimensions of Space and Time
Authors: Willette Thomas L. , Early George H.
Published: September 2011

The effects of various combinations of modalities with the dimensions of space and time on reproduction of stimulus patterns by 162 normal and 83 reading-disabled children aged 6 to 12 yr. was studied. Scores on three subtests with three different combinations of modalities with space and time dimensions were analyzed. They were (a) visual temporal input, vocal temporal output; (b) auditory temporal input, vocal temporal output; and (c) visual spatial-temporal input, vocal temporal output. Visual spatial-temporal input was superior to the other subtests. Auditory temporal input was superior to visual temporal input. There were significant differences between normal and reading-disabled subjects on each subtest so the spatial dimension gives an advantage. The spatial and temporal dimensions need to be attended to in research.
Responses to Salivary Olfactants in Relation to Dominance of the Degu (Octodon Degus)
Authors: Friedle Robert E. , Fischer Robert B.
Published: September 2011

Large amounts of head sniffing and grooming have been associated with social dominance in the degu. This study examined whether salivary olfactants act as cues which could potentially mediate social dominance in 4 male and 8 female adults. Using salivary samples taken from the buccal cavities of partners of predetermined status, no preferences for dominant or submissive stimuli were evident. Comparison of work with the degu and that with other species was made.
Note on Test-Retest Characteristics of the General Health Questionnaire
Authors: Layton Clive
Published: September 2011

The state-type 60-item General Health Questionnaire was administered on two occasions, with intervening periods of 11–12 mo. and 6–7 mo., to 186 male school-leavers and 101 men facing redundancy, respectively. Significant test-retest correlations suggested that the questionnaire is to some considerable extent measuring an underlying tendency for normal subjects to report a general, minor, nonpsychotic psychiatric morbidity, as opposed to purely transitory fluctuations in mental well-being.
Sleep Duration and Eating Behaviors of College Students
Authors: Hicks Robert A. , Mc Tighe Suzanne , Juarez Maria
Published: September 2011

31 short-sleeping college students tended to eat more small meals or snacks than 37 long sleepers, all of whom were satisfied with their sleep. This disrupted pattern of larger meals was predicted from work of Elomaa and Johansson with rats who were partially REM-sleep deprived.
Syntactic Decoding Times of Learning Disabled Children
Authors: Shulman Brian B. , Russell Steven C. , Rastatter Michael P.
Published: September 2011

Syntactic decoding reaction times of 20 learning disabled children comprising two groups of subjects (mean age of 8 and 13 yr., respectively) were compared to the responses of normal controls matched for age and sex. An analysis of variance procedure showed that the learning disabled children and their normal peers did not differ significantly in responses to the experimental stimuli. This held true regardless of linguistic complexity, suggesting that delays in processing elementary syntactic constructions are not a concomitant of learning disabilities.
Time Compression and Spectral Characteristics of Phonemes
Authors: Watson Marie M. , Rastatter Michael P. , Colcord Roger
Published: September 2011

The present study compared spectral characteristics of the test phonemes of Subtest 13 of Auditory-Visual Abilities Test produced at a normal rate and a 50% time-compression. Results showed marked damping of high frequency energy above 3000 Hz, a by-product of the instrumentation.
Reliability of the Standard Progressive Matrices Test for Hispanic and Anglo-American Children
Authors: Powers Stephen , Barkan Jerry H. , Jones Patricia B.
Published: September 2011

The internal consistency reliability estimates of the Standard Progressive Matrices Test for 127 Hispanic and 103 Anglo-American sixth grade pupils were compared using Feldt's test of the equality of two reliability coefficients. These reliability estimates were comparable for Hispanic and Anglo-American pupils. Findings support the continued use of the test as a nonverbal ability test for students from culturally diverse backgrounds.