bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
„Kto czym się bawi i z czego żyje”
Authors: Wasyl Franciszek
Published: March 2021

“How people play and how they make a living”. The professionsof Armenians from Kuty on the Czeremosz River compared to those of othernations at the end of the 18th century The article focuses on professions and activities of the Armenians fromKuty on the Cheremosh River in comparison to other ethnic groups at the end ofthe 18th century. The author used several file documents (mainly from the 1880s)of a fiscal nature, which contain information on individual households, such as:the location of the house (main square, “backside”, i.e. at the back of the property, suburbs, etc.), ethnicity of the owner and his profession, i.e., the source of the family’slivelihood. This list was confronted with the previously unknown plan of thetown from 1781. In the case of the Armenian community, the image of the familystructure was completed by the 1791 list of the faithful of the Armenian Catholicparish in Kuty. On the basis of the above-mentioned documents, the author has prepareda list of house-owners (available in the annex), which was used to describeand analyze the professional structure of the Kuty community and the place occupiedby the Armenians. It turned out that in Kuty at the end of the 18th century therewere professional niches, monopolized by individual ethnicities. Armenians dominateda few, but one of their most exclusive niches was the production of moroccoleather. They had manufactories which professionally absorbed other ethnic communitiesas helpers, suppliers of raw materials and recipients of finished goods for tradeor for further processing. The article also refers to the ethnic topography of Kuty, describingthe places of Armenian and Jewish settlement in the town itself and multiethnicsettlement in the suburbs. The appendices attached to the text contain a list ofmunicipal and suburban house owners around the year 1789.
Implicaciones de la distribución espacial del mercado de transporte colectivo en una ciudad intermedia argentina. Área Metropolitana de Mendoza
Authors: García Schilardi María Emilia
Published: March 2021

Las ciudades intermedias cumplen una importante función de integración territorial y media­ción entre diversos centros urbanos, con la ventaja de tener características deseables para la sostenibilidad. Considerando que el sistema de movilidad se configura como un componente clave del sistema urbano que favorece y posibilita el desarrollo sostenible, resulta de gran valor abordar el estudio del medio de transporte colectivo en este tipo de territorios. Este trabajo genera aportes para mejorar la operación de ese servicio en una ciudad intermedia argentina, teniendo como objetivo conocer la distribución espacial del mercado de transporte colectivo en el Área Metropolitana de Mendoza. Se emplea una metodología cuantitativa, a través de técnicas estadísticas y cartográficas. Los resultados indican que la mayor porción del territorio presenta una situación de mercado de equilibrio, lo cual implica que en los periodos de mayor demanda existe una necesidad de desplazamientos insatisfecha, acentuada en la periferia urbana.
Interpreting the discourse of reporting in interviews conducted by law enforcement agents
Authors: Määttä Simo
Published: March 2021

This paper examines the ways in which the discourse of reporting, i.e. the implicit and explicit presence, production, and usage of written texts in public administration reifies monolingual and monolithic language ideologies in interpretermediated police interviews and screening interviews with asylum seekers. The goal is to provide new insights into the analysis of complex networks of power relations that determine whether human rights can actually be exercised through public service or community interpreting. The paper derives from ethnographic data emanating from participant observation as an interpreter for migrants, asylum seekers, and international offenders using French and English in the Helsinki metropolitan area in Finland. In addition to being an interpreter, the author is also a researcher informed by critical discourse studies and sociolinguistic theory. The main argument of the article is that many problems related to public service interpreting that are thought to stem from cultural differences or the interpreter’s general lack of competence can be interpreted as resulting from language ideologies, reified in the practices in which they appear. One of the most important of such practices is the discourse of reporting, effectively blurring the distinction between written and oral language and denaturalizing “spontaneous” speech of interpreter-mediated communicative encounters. The paper suggests that a critical reflection on the nature and function of language and multilingualism and the consequences of language use is necessary in order to allow the interpreter to occupy subject positions from which power relations can be negotiated and linguistic equality delivered. Such a reflection should be part of both interpreter and service provider training.
Non-professional volunteer interpreting as an institutionalized practice in healthcare: a study on interpreters’ personal narratives
Authors: Aguilar-Solano Maria
Published: March 2021

This article discusses the process of institutionalization of a migrantoriented NGO where volunteers work as non-professional interpreters and where this had led to the integration of volunteer interpreting services in two hospitals in the Costa del Sol region in southern Spain. It explores the processes of socialization of volunteers and institutionalization of interpreters, leading to the development of an official NGO, drawing on the personal narratives of volunteers collected through focus groups and participant observation. The article begins by looking at the early stages of socialization of volunteers, through which they internalize the field structures and a series of dispositions shaped by empathy and compassion, resulting in volunteers adopting different positions available to them such as interpreters, caretakers and patient advocates. After the initial process of socialization, a process of institutionalization was requested by the regional government for the official establishment of the NGO. Drawing up the constitution of the now official NGO entailed the bureaucratization of the volunteers’ position as interpreters, which provided them with a series of assets and the legitimization of their activity as institutional agents. This study demonstrates how in this particular case volunteer non-professional interpreting became essential for the institutions in which the services are provided. The volunteer interpreters of this NGO are now legitimate institutional agents with a strong degree of professional autonomy that allows them to adopt a series of positions that belong to the domain of intercultural mediators and cultural brokers.
Welfare Implications in Intermediary Networks
Authors: Nguyen Thành , Kannan Karthik
Published: March 2021

Competitive pressures have forced many traditional companies to evolve into a platform-based business model. Trade commissions and even supreme courts recognize the need for economic analysis as the nature of competition changes in the market. There have been many mergers and acquisitions across platform-based businesses. In the ride-sharing sector, Lyft and Didi Chuxing were initially in a partnership to thwart Uber but Uber merged its operation with Didi Chuxing eventually. Amazon and Walmart competed fiercely to buy the Indian online retailer Flipkart, which Walmart eventually won. Traditional antitrust models studying the implications of mergers do not consider the underlying network structure of these intermediary markets. This is the main focus of our model and analysis. We provide a network measurement to evaluate the effect of mergers on welfare. Our analysis shows that because of the underlying networks mergers can sometimes improve welfare.
The Impact of Executives’ IT Expertise on Reported Data Security Breaches
Authors: Haislip Jacob , Lim Jee-Hae , Pinsker Robert
Published: March 2021

Data security breaches (DSBs) are increasing investor and regulator pressure on firms to improve their IT governance (ITG) in an effort to mitigate the related risk. We argue that DSB risk cannot be mitigated by one executive alone, but, rather, is a shared leadership responsibility of the top management team (TMT) (i.e., Chief Executive Officer [CEO], Chief Financial Officer [CFO], and Chief Information Officer [CIO]). Our results suggest that IT-savvy CEOs see technologies related to mitigating DSBs as a top-three most important type of digital methodology for their firm. Similarly, the results related to CFOs with IT expertise single out the critical investment in controls designed to prevent DSBs. Our strong findings for CIOs on the TMT add to the related guidance from COBIT 5 for information security and consistently suggest that they are the key executive for securing IT systems. Finally, our granular explanation of each executive’s DSB-related responsibility could potentially provide firms the start of a governance-led roadmap for compliance to the Securities and Exchange Commission’s and Justice Department’s cyber regulations.
Portfolio Entrepreneurs’ Behavior and Performance: A Resource Redeployment Perspective
Authors: Santamaria Simone
Published: March 2021

Prior research suggests portfolio entrepreneurs—businesspeople who run more than one firm simultaneously—launch more successful ventures than their single-business counterparts. However, their ventures are less likely to survive. In an attempt to reconcile this paradox, this paper presents a framework in which portfolio entrepreneurs’ main advantage is not a superior ability to select the best business opportunities ex ante, but rather the ability to redeploy human and capital resources across businesses ex post, which reduces the sunkenness of their investments in new projects. This redeployment option facilitates their exit from new businesses that fail initial market tests. Thus, portfolio entrepreneurs’ heterogeneous termination decisions explain a greater portion of new firm performance differential than ex ante opportunity selection. We test these ideas using a longitudinal data set of more than 5,700 entrepreneurs and find consistent evidence. Portfolio companies do not show systematically higher performance at the time of entry; a performance difference emerges only over time, as the selection effect and resource redeployment occur.

This paper was accepted by Ashish Arora, entrepreneurship and innovation.
Intertemporal Choice with Continuity Constraints
Authors: Pivato Marcus
Published: March 2021

We consider a model of intertemporal choice where time is a continuum, the set of instantaneous outcomes (e.g., consumption bundles) is a topological space, and intertemporal plans (e.g., consumption streams) must be continuous functions of time. We assume that the agent can form preferences over plans defined on open time intervals. We axiomatically characterize the intertemporal preferences that admit a representation via discounted utility integrals. In this representation, the utility function is continuous and unique up to positive affine transformations, and the discount structure is represented by a unique Riemann–Stieltjes integral plus a unique linear functional measuring the long-run asymptotic utility.
On the Acidota Stephens fauna of Russia (Staphylinidae, Omaliinae, Anthophagini)

Authors: SHAVRIN ALEXEY
Published: March 2021

A faunistic review on three widespread species of the genus Acidota Stephens, 1829 of Russia is presented: A. crenata (Fabricius, 1792), A. cruentata Mannerheim, 1830, and A. quadrata (Zetterstedt, 1839). A new synonymy is proposed: A. crenata = A. crenata japonica Watanabe, 1990 syn. nov. Faunistic and bionomical data for these species are summarized, and distributional maps for the Palaearctic Region are provided. The eastern borders of the distribution range of A. cruentata are clarified and previous records east of West Siberia are not confirmed. Images of habitus and aedeagi, and a key to the Acidota species of Russia are provided. All these species of Acidota are recorded for the first time from certain area:  A. crenata from Khabarovsk Territory, Armenia and Uzbekistan, A. cruentata from Novosibirsk Area, and A. quadrata from Sverdlovsk Area, Tuva, Chita Area and Khabarovsk Territory. Key words: Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Omaliinae, Acidota, fauna, distribution, taxonomy, synonymy, Palaearctic Region, Russia
Kenntnis und Gebrauch von Sprichwörtern bei zwei Gruppen österreichischer Jugendlicher
Authors: Lipavic-Oštir Alja , Štavbar Simona
Published: March 2021

The paper presents the results and findings of the study on the levels of knowledge and use of proverbs among students from two secondary education institutions in Austria (a comprehensive school in a small town in Styria and a general upper secondary school in Vienna) based on a relevant survey. The students taking part in the study very surveyed on their knowledge of various proverbs (the proverb database in the questionnaire included 76 entries) and on the meaning of the respective proverbs. Furthermore, the students were encouraged to estimate the frequency of their use of proverbs in speaking and writing. The results show that the "rural environment" factor is not statistically significant with reference to proverb preservation (both as part of the passive as well as the active vocabulary). The male and female students enrolled in the comprehensive school from a small town in Styria know less proverbs compared to their peers, enrolled in the general upper secondary school in Vienna included in the study. What is more, the students enrolled in the comprehensive school from a small town in Styria also know the meaning and use proverbs in speaking and/or writing less frequently than their peers from the general upper secondary school in Vienna included in the study. Rather than the aspect of "rural environment", the results hint at the aspect of "type of school" to be the determining factor (comprehensive school vs. general upper secondary school). Further analyses, including additional test subjects, would provide more insight on whether the relations between proverbs and the linguistic as well as intellectual education are prominent to such an extent that a distinct degree of reception and production of proverbs could be linked to a particular type of school. The study also features an analysis of the difference between the students with reference to gender (male vs. female), with the results showing a relatively consistent distribution.
Prepositions in MSA and English
Authors: Aldwayan Saad Nasser
Published: March 2021

Spatial scenes are identical in the world languages. However, cultures may diverge in profiling spatial scenes (Levinson 2003). This paper selects for study the prepositions in and on in English and their Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) counterparts fi and 3ala, arguing that MSA and English seem to diverge in the spatial configurations and meanings of these prepositions. The sub-schemas of CONTAINMENT (in-ness) in MSA are found to partially overlap with those of English, with the other sub-schemas being taken care of by SUPPORT (on-ness) and PUNCTUALITY (point-ness). Such differences classify MSA more as a CONTAINMENT-based language than English, which seems to prefer SUPPORT and PUNCTUALITY. However, English and MSA seem to converge in their metaphoric conceptualizations of states owing to conceptual embodiment (Lakoff 1987). The article discusses the implications of such findings for spatial cognition and cultural cognition and EFL/ESL writing and translating.
"Das ist eine Wortschatzübung, die mir gefällt" – Faktoren der Attraktivität von Wortschatzübungen aus der Sicht von DaF-Lernenden
Authors: Targońska Joanna
Published: March 2021

as well as enumerated were the arguments indicating the appropriateness of
making use of lexical exercises during a lesson of a foreign language. What is more, presented were the theoretical considerations upon the subject of
factors affecting the effectiveness of the exercises used. In the empirical part presented was the research conducted in a sample group of 96 learners of
German as a foreign language. In the research in question highlighted were the factors affecting the attractiveness of lexical exercises. Based on the
subjective evaluations of attractiveness of particular lexical exercises, made by learners, distinguished were 11 categories of factors having an influence
on the fact that a given lexical task is perceived by the sample group as motivating and attractive. On the basis of the factors isolated here it was
possible to draw attention to the subjective theories on the part of the sample group pertaining to the process of learning vocabulary during a foreign
language lesson and using lexical exercises.
Skandalisierung korpuslinguistisch. Ein empirisch-linguistischer Blick auf die Berichterstattung zur "Wulff-Affäre"
Authors: Bubenhofer Noah
Published: March 2021

Abstract What kind of language is typical of the mass media coverage of a scandal? Which linguistic means have the effect of scandalizing a public person like a politician? The study presented in this paper uses corpus linguistic methods to investigate a specific scandal in recent German politics: Federal President Christian Wulff was accused by the media of not having informed transparently about a private loan he had taken out. Further allegations of corruption presented by the media resulted in his resignation after only two months. The paper shows how automatic language pattern analyses of a corpus of articles about Wulff in two leading German newspapers reveal the typical patterns used in a discourse of scandalization. Additionally, also characteristic grammar features like tempus forms are incorporated in the analysis. The texts scandalizing a person use more patterned language than other news texts on politics. The patterns reflect the characteristic speech acts of scandalizing like accusing, informing, or speculating on the political future of the scandalized person, but also speech acts like defending and regretting. The use of tempus shows that scandalizing texts are more dynamic and vivid compared to other political coverage.
Language policy and language learning in Macedonia. Which lessons may be adopted from the Swiss model?
Authors: Xhaferri Gëzim
Published: March 2021

This paper also investigates Switzerland's multilingual and multicultural society, which serves as a successful and positive example of how a nation can deal with a multilingual population and the integration of its population. With this in mind, the question is raised here whether the model of Switzerland's language policy and national language instruction can perhaps also serve as an example for the Republic of Macedonia.
A newspaper for immigrants. Spanisch-Italian interference in Expreso Latino
Authors: Gómez Sánchez Elena
Published: March 2021

This contribution studies Spanish-Italian interference appearing in Expreso Latino, a newspaper for Latino immigrants broadly distributed in Italy, which offers interesting examples of two closely related languages in contact. The data constitute a field for the study of more general aspects related to intercultural communication.
Polish-German bilingualism at school. A Polish perspective
Authors: Pulaczewska Hanna
Published: March 2021

This article presents the institutional frames for the acquisition of Polish literacy skills in Germany and the maintenance of Polish-German bilingualism after the repatriation of bilingual children to Poland. These processes are examined in the context of recent developments in the European domestic job market. While the European Union has placed proficiency in several languages among its educational objectives, and foreign languages have been made obligatory school subjects in all member countries, the potential advantages of internal European migrations for producing high-proficiency bilinguals are being ignored. Bilingualism resulting from migration and biculturalism enjoys little social prestige in the host countries. In Germany, there is significant regional variation in how school authorities react to challenges posed by the presence of minority languages. In many cases, the linguistic potential of many second-generation migrants and re-emigrants gets largely wasted because of lacking interest and incentives from German and Polish institutions alike.
Salienz unter Einheimischen und Zugezogenen – Ein empirischer Vergleich
Authors: Lorenz Cornelia
Published: March 2021

The local background may affect the salience of regiolectal variants. In my paper I am going to investigate this influence: I have tested, whether the same regiolectal variants attract varying attention of locals and newcomers in Eastwestfalia, where the variants are spread autochthonally. In Eastwestfalia, an important precondition was fulfilled; natives aged between 20 and 30 years, who have been linguistically socialized in Eastwestfalia, usually have an active regiolectal competence but no dialect competence. Depending on the local background, interesting trends were observed: The longer the duration of the stay, decreasing salience was detected in some cases and increasing salience in others. The different reasons for this surprising development will be explained in my paper.
Iconicity of cohesion in Persian causative constructions
Authors: Nodoushan Mohammad Ali Salmani , Ghomshei Gholamreza Mohiyedin
Published: March 2021

This paper tries to show that Persian causative constructions are not only iconic in nature but also employ iconicity of cohesion in their syntactic structures productively. It starts with a description of iconicity and specifically focuses on the notion of conceptual distance as discussed by Haiman (1983). It then briefly reviews the formal typology of causative constructions (i. e., lexical, morphological, and periphrastic) and summarizes the ideas proposed by Comrie (1989), Dixon (2000), Shibatani (1976), and Talmy (2003) to come up with a list of, and a table for, the semantic properties of causative constructions (i. e., directness, coercion, control, manipulation, separability, and clause structure). The paper then presents tangible evidence and examples from Persian to claim that the linguistic distance observed between [Vcause] and [Veffect] in different types of Persian causative constructions mirrors the conceptual distance between them, and concludes that the iconic nature of causative constructions in Persian can be explained on the basis of the principle of iconicity of cohesion. It lends support to the universality of the principles of functional-cognitive linguistics and shows that iconicity theory still has a high potential for explaining form-meaning relations in different syntactic structures.
Linguistik als Kampfsport – Ein Plädoyer für die Suche nach Paradigmen demokratischen Sprechens in Alltag, Medien und Recht
Authors: Vogel Friedemann
Published: March 2021

Following Bourdieu's notion of applied research this contribution asks for the possibility of linguistics as a kind of "martial art" and "self-defence", i. e. linguistics trying to interfere in society based on a holistic model of human rights and paradigms of democratic speech. In this perspective the text discusses elements of a normative model, which is able to lead linguistic research practices and explores the context of education, law and the media formation of par-ticipation. Finally I will consider the meaning of speech practices and linguistic research or methods in the context of capitalism and profit.
Nicht-analoge französische und italienische Übersetzungen von restriktiven Partikeln im Roman Die Mittagsfrau von Julia Franck
Authors: Nicklaus Martina
Published: March 2021

The present paper discusses the translation of German nur and some synonymous restrictive particles into French and Italian in authorized literary translations. Only non-analogous translations of the restrictive particles have been considered, such as It. si limitò a sorridere for Germ. sie lächelte nur ('she limited herself to smiling' vs. 'she only smiled'). Three types of non-analogous equivalents of nur could be found in the data-base: cleft constructions, verbal periphrases and verb-infinitive combinations. The use of these Italian and French expressions seems to be constantly linked to co-textual features. The description of these non-analogous equivalents contributes to a better delineation of language-specific preferences concerning the encoding of restriction. Furthermore the description leads to helpful suggestions for translations from French/Italian into German, encouraging translators to substitute e.g. a finite, main verb (It. limitarsi) for a simple particle (Germ. nur) in order to get adequate solutions in German.
Demokratie – zwischen Kampfbegriff und Nebelkerze. Was können Sprach-, Medien- und Kulturwissenschaften zur Demokratisierung von Gesellschaft beitragen?
Authors: Knobloch Clemens , Vogel Friedemann
Published: March 2021

Everybody speaks about democracy. In current media discourses, 'democracy' means every-thing and nothing. You can explain war as "democratization" (of Iraq, Afghanistan etc.) just as well as you can call a referendum about fundamental political decisions "terrorism" (like in Greece 2015). Is democracy no more than a buzzword? This contribution explores the rela-tionship between language and democracy both in a descriptive and a normative perspective. What can linguistics, media and communication science contribute to this topic? How does the public spectacle of democracy work? And what is the notion of "democratic speech"?
Politolinguistik und/oder Sprachkritik? Das Unbehagen in und an der Deskriptivität
Authors: Niehr Thomas
Published: March 2021

In this article it is argued that a link between the analysis of political language use and language criticism exists. Nevertheless, there is disagreement as to how far the linguistic analysis of political language use should be critical or descriptive. The author of this article argues that the different approaches of lay linguistic criticism and critical discourse analysis are not convincing from a linguistic point of view. On the other hand, it is not disputed that linguistic analysis on a purely descriptive level is impossible. Particularly with regard to the euphemistic language use of the National Socialists in Germany, a purely descriptive analysis seems to be unsatisfactory. It is argued that linguistic discourse analysis allows to combine both – linguistic description and a critical view on political communication.
Feeding women with animal metaphors that promote eating disorders in the written media
Authors: López-Rodríguez Irene
Published: March 2021

This paper looks at animal-based metaphors used by the written media in order to convey negative messages about the relationship of women with food. By analyzing a corpus of met-aphors extracted from different sorts of publications, which include newspapers and maga-zines, this article tries to shed some light on how such figurative usages together with their visual representation may contribute to women's body dissatisfaction, thin ideal internalization and disordered eating.
Les mécanismes de construction de mots en godié, langue kru de Côte D'Ivoire
Authors: N'dré Damanan
Published: March 2021

This article analyzes the mechanisms of word building in Godié, a Kru language spoken in Côte d’Ivoire. Two processes underly these mechanisms: morphological and syntactic methods. Morphological processes refer to constructed words and syntactic processes refer to lexicalized syntactic sequences. At the morphological level, are generated by the constructed word by suffix and words constructed by juxtaposing two or three tokens. The language has three verbal derivative suffixes. These are -lɩ, -nö and -mà. There is no process in the language whereby a verb is derived from a noun. For words constructed by juxtaposition of tokens, there are generally three types obtained by. In other words, two or three nouns can combine to create new words; as a noun and an adjective can combine to create new words. As for new words, created by combining two or three names, it has been shown that the Internal underlying structure of bipartite type derived from a tripartite structure surface. However, the existence of the tripartite structure is allowed; but it emerges, within the language, from idiosyncratic phenomena. Even in lexicalized syntactic sequences, it was also observed that internal bipartite structure underneath. Moreover, between words constructed by combining three formants and lexicalized syntactic sequences, the limit is blurred. In the language, words constructed as syntactic lexicalized sequence may be a dictionary entry. Our study shows that the concept of a morphological right head is untenable. In the language, in fact, words may be constructed with both left and with right morphological heads. In addition, some words are constructed with morphological head whatsoever, as in many languages around the world.
„Man muss sich darauf einlassen, auf die dänische Mentalität“ – Funktionale Angemessenheit in der deutsch-dänischen interkulturellen Kommunikation
Authors: Le Müller Katarina , Hallsteinsdóttir Erla
Published: March 2021

This paper is based on results of the research project National stereotypes and marketing strategies in the intercultural Danish-German communication (SMiK). In the SMiK-project, we define stereotypes as linguistically and culturally determined patterns of thinking and behaving. Such patterns affect intercultural interactions and they should therefore be taken into consideration in the teaching of foreign languages and in intercultural communication. In the SMiK-project we have developed guidelines for the adequate intercultural interaction in the German-Danish business communication. Those guidelines are based on empirical studies on German-Danish national stereotypes. In this paper, we will discuss the theoretical and methodological approach to the compilation of these guidelines and their background in studies on intercultural communication and in the Sprachkritik-paradigm (a linguistically founded critical-reflecting appraisal of language use) will be described. We hereby focus on the concepts of ‘Weltansichten’ as conceptualizations of the world, cultural awareness and functional adequacy in the intercultural communication. Finally, we give examples for the implementation of the results from an analyses of interview data in guidelines for Danish-German business communication.
Customised Ibadan-Yoruba
Authors: Adeniyi Kolawole , Bamigbade Oluwafemi E.
Published: March 2021

This article reports that Reverend Gbade Ogunlana, popularly known as Paito wa, uses the Ibadan dialect of Yoruba in his preaching, but deploys available phonological mechanisms to add a sort of comic impression to his speech. Consonant deletion, which is usually minimised in public domains of speaking are rather maximised in his speaking, while tone spreading is accentuated to produce acute rising and falling contours. Further, it is reported that he prefers lexical borrowings which allow him the freedom to then adapt the borrowed words in the layman’s manner. This freedom is also apparent in the use of novel words which he is able to pronounce in the layman’s manner. It is argued that the intent of these is to add humour to his preaching, and accommodate his target audience for social identity and better understanding, an intention he appears to achieve with his choice of style.
(In)definiteness Spread in Semitic Construct State: Does it Really Exist?
Authors: Shormani Mohammed Q.
Published: March 2021

To argue against a long established assumption seems to be not that easy task. In this article, I argue against one of those assumptions, namely (in)definiteness spread in Semitic Construct State (CS). I argue that CSs are of two types: either definite or indefinite. The former refers to those CSs, where the head N is syntactically definite, in the sense of having the definite article al-/ha- (the, Arabic/Hebrew), and the latter to those not having it. Three tenets constitute the crux of this paper: i) the controversy (in)definiteness spread gives rise to among Semitic scholars, ii) there does exist good evidence that the head N of CSs can take the definite article in Arabic and Hebrew, and iii) in Arabic the absence of the indefinite article (marker) -n on the head N has presumably to do with what I call VCR (= the Vowel Contextualization Rule) like several similar other phonological phenomena in the language. As for the specifici-ty/uniqueness denoted by the head N of a CS in some contexts, I propose that such specificity has nothing to do with definiteness spread, but rather it may be linked to a Universal Gram-mar (UG) principle, which correlates specificity/uniqueness with possessivization cross-linguistically, or to a UG parameter in the case of Semitic CSs.
The semantic structure of Pejoratives
Authors: Mišćević Nenad
Published: March 2021

Pejoratives find their place in the context of linguistic violence and offensive speech, and a theory of pejoratives thus should be connected to the (im-)politeness research. Here, they are put on the map of generic expressions, and characterized as negative evaluative generic terms. The parallel between pejoratives and laudatory expressions is noted. Pejoratives have a rich semantics: causal-descriptive securing of reference, and several layers of non-descriptive meaning, mainly negative-evaluative and prescriptive (the expressive meaning might be part of pragmatics). They are hybrid negative social kind terms. Therefore, a pejorative generic sentence normally expresses several propositions, some of them true, some false, each to be selected by relevant context. Pejoratives stand at the intersection of three areas of research: generics, semantics of pejoratives (and of laudatory expressions) and the (im-)politeness theory in social pragmatics, and the three need to be brought together.
das ist ein: (--) äh ja ANschluss ja. Das ja als Turnhalte- und Anschlusssignal im gesprochenen Deutsch.
Authors: Marić Dario
Published: March 2021

Spoken production is subjected to speed and needs in the conversations that can locally be changed, which makes it dynamic and flexible. Often the thematic framework of the next ut-terance is determined while the appropriate complex linguistic construction for it is not yet available. Delays and pauses before continuing in the utterances are traces of searching words and an indication that we often decide on the linguistic structure in terms of complex and schematic constructions in the construction grammar before we fill it with vocabulary. This paper is about the functions of organizing the conversations, phonetic and phonological fea-tures of a particular ja from within the turn, often the utterance, and the intonation unit in German which at the problems of finding words of speakers mainly mean "immediately re-sume". In this context, intonation incorporation of this ja into what is uttered just before and immediately after it, is especially indicative. Continuation-ja with independent intonation contour namely announces new construction, while intonation incorporated continuation-ja prevents premature conclusion of the listener that the sentence will be interrupted and an-nounce one or more components of the utterance or correction of specific components.
Bricolage: zwischen dialektaler und globaler Variation – Wie sich Jugendliche über Stilbasteleien sozial positionieren
Authors: Galliker Esther
Published: March 2021

The article presents a sociolinguistic analysis of dialectal conversations in the German part of Switzerland. It focusses on an adolescent peer group, whose members position themselves socially using a wide range of stylistic variation. The highschool students’ community situat-ed in a rural area in the middle of the Swiss Alps co-construct their group identity deliberately combining various types of linguistic variants, styles and languages. Thus, they resort to ele-ments of a widely spread young urban street style as well as to traditional and to some extent outdated dialectal variants simultaneously. On the one hand, it is the width of the linguistic resources which is remarkable. On the other hand, it is impressive to observe the youths’ competence in combining different variants creating their new and own communicative style. The study sheds light on the subtle stylistic techniques at work and demonstrates how much knowledge about the peer group’s linguistic practices, preferences and resources is necessary to interpret and understand their conversations and social contextualisations. The methodolog-ical approach to the analysis of linguistic variation is a conceptual one: the main communica-tive practice in the young men’s talk are conceptualised by means of bricolage – a specific way of incorporating and adapting linguistic elements to create a new and individual speech style. The conceptual approach also allows for a comparison of the peer group’s linguistic practices with speech styles of other young peer groups all over Europe: even if the specific resources used by the youth might differ to some extent, the way in which young urban and young rural pupils deal with linguistic variation is surprisingly similar.
What’s up, Switzerland? A corpus-based research project in a multilingual country
Authors: Ueberwasser Simone , Stark Elisabeth
Published: March 2021

This paper offers some initial insights into the first large-scale and multilingual corpus of WhatsApp messages for linguistic research and the related research project “What’s up, Swit-zerland?”. Data was gathered in Switzerland in the summer of 2014 and will be made availa-ble to the academic public online at the end of the project (end of 2018). This article presents facts and figures about the corpus and the participants’ demographic data as well as an over-view of (the lack of) existing linguistic research in the field and the research intended in the SNSF-funded research project.
„Wenn der Sprache Grenzen gesetzt werden“ – Eine wahrnehmungsdialektologische Untersuchung im Fränkischen und Thüringischen an der ehemaligen deutsch-deutschen Grenze
Authors: Sauer Verena
Published: March 2021

This text is about the former inner-German state border between Thuringia and Bavaria inside the border regions of the “Eastern Franconian” language area and its effect on the spoken dialectic varieties. The main focus is not to research dialectgeographical dissimilarities between the border areas in former East Germany and West Germany as already explored (Lösch 2000, Fritz-Scheuplein 2001, Harnisch 2015) but to show perceptual linguistic concepts in the minds of linguistic laymen. The central question in this article is which salient dialect markers do the informants discern and use to locate a speech sample to a certain area inside the “Eastern Franconian” language area. Which salient dialect markers exist in informants perception about the varieties in former East German and West German border areas? Do they perceive a new linguistic variety border at the former political border between German Democratic Republic and Federal Republic of Germany?
Zur Bewertung von Niederdeutsch und lokalem Substandard in Hamburg
Authors: Schröder Ingrid , Neumann Lara
Published: March 2021

Based on the results of a quantitative study it is to be shown how Low German and forms of the Substandard of Hamburg are estimated within the population. The study was conducted within the context of the project Einstellungen gegenüber regionalen Sprachformen in der Großstadt: Niederdeutsch in Hamburg (NiH) (Attitudes towards regional languages in the city: Low German in Hamburg). The article takes a closer look at the connection between evaluation and social parameters such as age, language skills, origin and education. Finally, the potential differences in the evaluation between Low German and the vernacular Hamburg speech will be examined.
An imagined community of practice: Online discourse among wheelchair users
Authors: Cochrane Leslie E.
Published: March 2021

People with disabilities often live in local communities primarily made up of people without disabilities: in the absence of a geographic community of people with disabilities, the internet becomes a valuable tool for connecting individuals across both local and global contexts. The power of computer-mediated communication (CMC) to allow individuals to interact both locally and globally has been well-studied in linguistics (e. g. Baron 2008; Page 2012), and this work has included the discourse of e-health (e. g. Hamilton 1998; Locher 2006, 2013) and the online discourse of people with disabilities (Al Zidjaly 2011, 2015). Less research has been done, however, on the implications of online discourse for understanding people with disabilities as a linguistic community.This paper argues that the community of people with disabilities can be viewed from a linguistic perspective as an imagined community of practice: an imagined community, because members recognize their common belonging even if they do not interact locally (Anderson 1983); a community of practice, because members use recognizable, if not identical, disability practices and engage in shared sense-making (Eckert 2006; Eckert/McConnell-Ginet 1992). This understanding of the community of people with disabilities is evidenced in online blogs by wheelchair users.A close discourse analysis of the blog posts shows shared sense-making around disability practices, even though individual bloggers’ practices may vary according to their specific strategies for accommodation. In their posts, the bloggers construct their disability identities in terms of practice and imagine themselves to belong to a community that is distinguished by disability practice. The analysis reveals shared sense-making: in particular, the way that the bloggers position themselves in opposition to the societal discourse that people with disabilities are an inspiration to people without them. In this way, the bloggers demonstrate their membership within an imagined community of practice made up of people with disabilities.
Politeness research: Key trajectories and their applicability in intercultural communication
Authors: Válková Silvie
Published: March 2021

With the plethora of studies on politeness in general and linguistic politeness in particular, it is difficult for those who want to apply the theoretical findings to authentic language data, to find a roadmap to theoretical framework on which to base the data processing and achieve relevant results. The pre-requisite for such objectives is the familiarity with the existing politeness theories of which to choose with a particular aim in mind, but since there are so many, also the knowledge of their potential taxonomies and the pros and cons of such taxonomies when applied to overt language manifestations of politeness (e. g. in addressing or apologizing). Consequently, the multiple aim of this study is to survey the approaches to the concept of politeness and its layering, outline the taxonomies of various approaches to polite-ness, and discuss the ways of their applicability (based on my hands-on experience with overt language manifestations of social deixis in addressing and strategies of apologizing). In the application section, the importance of a dynamic, context-sensitive approach to language data is advocated, followed by proposed changes in speech act taxonomies. The conclusion then sums up possible perspectives in intercultural communication which remain a challenge to new insights into politeness research and ELT methodology.
InliAnTe: Instrument für die linguistische Analyse von Textkommentierungen
Authors: Beyer Anke
Published: March 2021

Giving feedback on texts is a common method of supporting the writing process in different contexts. It involves using language in two different ways: It focuses on language and textual phenomena in the draft of the text, and is itself a communicative activity expressed through language. This double relationship with language has not, however, until now been taken into account systematically and comprehensively enough in either writing courses or research on feedback.This article presents an instrument for analysing students’ written commentaries on texts in peer feedback processes. By combining different linguistic methods, the instrument enables the identification of those characteristics of the text commentaries that are didactically relevant. The analysis distinguishes in each case between the places marked in the text draft and the commentaries. Those phenomena in the draft text that the feedback-givers react to in their commentaries are identified through text analysis. In addition, a pragmatic analysis of the commentary texts reveals how the feedback-givers draft their commentaries linguistically when, for example, encouraging the original author to revise the text.Applying the instrument to describe text commentaries should contribute to making theoretical modelling more exact, as well as to an empirically-based way of teaching how to comment on texts in peer-feedback processes.
Visuelle Narration. Zum journalistischen Storytelling aus der Sicht der Medienlinguistik
Authors: Makowska Magdalena
Published: March 2021

From among many narrative forms used in the media, storytelling starts to occupy a more and more important place. Its essence constitutes the telling of a story which must be well understandable as well as easy to remember and retell. Storytelling is one of the best methods of awakening interest and focusing the recipient' attention. Owing to the adequate manner of tell-ing a story as well as its appropriate structuring particular needs are evoked in recipients. The mystery of effective usage of storytelling consists in the fact that it is essential to appeal to emotions and to tell a given story that will carry some message with it in a consistent way and will also inspire one to engage in communication activities. That makes storytelling an interesting subject of media-linguistic research whose effects – as illustrated by the history of a plane crash of the Germanwings lines told in the form of an online reportage – will be presented in this article.
Kondisi plankton pada tambak ikan kerapu di Desa Mesjid Lama Kecamatan Talawi Kabupaten Batu Bara, Sumtera Utara
Authors: Rumondang Rumondang , Paujiah Epa
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Fishpond is one of the habitats from organisme such as plankton which is have a role as main food resources for organisms with high trophic level (such as fish). This objectives of the study were to determine the condition of plankton in grouper fishponds in Mesjid Lama Village, Talawi District, Batu Bara District. Plankton sampling and water quality measurements were carried out from February to June 2019. The abundance of phytoplankton in grouper fish ponds varied between 1,765-4,113 ind/L. The composition of phytoplankton species found during observation was dominated by diatom groups or Bacillariophyceae classes. The abundance of zooplankton in grouper ponds varied from 330-1,165 ind/L with the lowest abundance found at station 6 with a total of 330 ind/L and the highest abundance was found at station 4 with a number of 1,165 ind/L. The zooplankton genus that is often found is Acartia. Diversity value H '
Graph-based rotational nonuniformity correction for localized compliance measurement in the human nasopharynx
Authors: Miao Yusi , Jing Joseph J. , Chen Zhongping
Published: March 2021

Recent advancements in the high-speed long-range optical coherence tomography (OCT) endoscopy allow characterization of tissue compliance in the upper airway, an indicator of collapsibility. However, the resolution and accuracy of localized tissue compliance measurement are currently limited by the lack of a reliable nonuniform rotational distortion (NURD) correction method. In this study, we developed a robust 2-step NURD correction algorithm that can be applied to the dynamic OCT images obtained during the compliance measurement. We demonstrated the utility of the NURD correction algorithm by characterizing the local compliance of nasopharynx from an awake human subject for the first time.