bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Apple grower pollination practices and perceptions of alternative pollinators in New York and Pennsylvania
Authors: Park Mia G. , Joshi Neelendra K. , Rajotte Edwin G. , Biddinger David J. , Losey John E. , Danforth Bryan N.
Published: April 2018

Pollinator declines coupled with increasing demand for insect pollinated crops have the potential to cause future pollinator shortages for our most nutritious and valuable crops. Ensuring adequate crop pollination may necessitate a shift in pollination management, from one that primarily relies on the managed European honeybee (Apis melliferaL.) to one that integrates alternative pollinators. While a growing body of scientific evidence supports significant contributions made by naturally occurring, native bees for crop pollination, translating research to practice requires buy-in from growers. The intention of agricultural extension is to address grower needs and concerns; however, few studies have assessed grower knowledge, perceptions and attitudes about native pollinators. Here we present findings from questionnaire-based surveys of over 600 apple growers in New York State and Pennsylvania, coupled with ecological data from bee surveys. This hybrid sociological and biological survey allows us to compare grower knowledge and perceptions to an actual pollinator census. While up to 93% of respondents highly valued importance of native bees, 20% growersdid not knowhow much native bees actually contribute to their orchard pollination. Despite the uncertainty, a majority of growers were open to relying on native bees (up to 60% in NY and 67% in PA) and to making low-cost changes to their farm's management that would benefit native pollinators (up to 68 in NY and 85% in PA). Growers consistently underestimated bee diversity, but their estimates corresponded to major bee groups identifiable by lay persons, indicating accurate local knowledge about native bees. Grower reliance on honeybees increased with farm size; because native bee abundance did not measurably decrease with farm size, renting honeybees may be motivated by risk avoidance rather than grower perception of lower native bee activity. Demonstrated effectiveness of native pollinators and clear guidelines for their management were the most important factors influencing grower decision to actively manage orchards for native bees. Our results highlight a pressing need for an active and research-based extension program to support diversification of pollination strategies in the region.
Avoiding Post-Treatment Bias in Audit Experiments
Authors: Coppock Alexander
Published: April 2018

Audit experiments are used to measure discrimination in a large number of domains (Employment: Bertrand et al. (2004); Legislator responsiveness: Butler et al. (2011); Housing: Fang et al. (2018)). Audit studies all have in common that they estimate the average difference in response rates depending on randomly varied characteristics (such as the race or gender) of a requester. Scholars conducting audit experiments often seek to extend their analyses beyond the effect on response to the effects on the quality of the response. Response is a consequence of treatment; answering these important questions well is complicated by post-treatment bias (Montgomery et al., 2018). In this note, I consider a common form of post-treatment bias that occurs in audit experiments.
Herzpatient und Höhe: Welcher Herzpatient darf den Ausflug in die Höhe wagen?
Authors: Hoigné-Perret Philipp
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung. Auch Herzpatienten können sich an einem Ausflug in die Höhe freuen. Wie sollen wir diese Patienten in unserer Praxis beraten? Welcher Patient soll sich nicht in die Höhe begeben? Um diese Fragen zu beantworten, wurden mehrere Studien durchgeführt. Die Patientenzahlen sind, verglichen mit konventionellen Studien, jedoch sehr gering. Empfehlungen, die aus diesen Studien resultieren, sind als Expertenmeinung zu werten (Empfehlungsgrad C). Aus den hier zitierten Studien ist zu schliessen, dass sich Herzpatienten kurzfristig einer Höhe bis 3000 m exponieren können, wenn sie grundsätzlich ein geringes kardiovaskuläres Risiko aufweisen und im Flachland höchstens an leichten Symptomen leiden. Voraussetzung für den Ausflug in die Höhe ist eine genügend grosse Leistungsreserve. Der Höheneinfluss ist individuell unterschiedlich. Entscheidend ist, dass Herzpatienten mögliche Symptome wahrnehmen, erkennen und vor allem wissen, wie sie bei Beschwerden reagieren müssen. Die Information über den Akklimatisierungsvorgang stellt einen weiteren wichtigen Punkt dar. Während des Höhenaufenthalts sollte aus Sicherheitsgründen immer eine Abstiegsmöglichkeit bestehen. Für Tagesausflüge über 3500 m können keine Empfehlungen abgegeben werden. Es gibt kaum Studien, die den länger andauernden Höheneinfluss auf den Herzpatienten untersucht haben. Es ist empfohlen, die allgemeinen Präventions-Massnahmen der Höhenkrankheit einzuhalten, ab 2000 m langsam aufzusteigen, also die Schlafhöhe weniger als 300 m pro Tag zu steigern. Weiter sollten in den ersten Höhe-Tagen keine körperlich übermässigen Anstrengungen erfolgen. Patienten mit arterieller Hypertonie wird geraten, den Blutdruck regelmässig zu messen und die Therapie gegebenenfalls anzupassen. Nicht vergessen werden darf, dass auch der Herzpatient an höhen- und nicht-höhenbedingten Erkrankungen leiden kann. Der rasche Abstieg ist für alle hypoxiebedingten Beschwerden die beste „Medizin“!
Auswirkungen der Höhe auf die Augenoberfläche
Authors: Willmann Gabriel , Gekeler Florian
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung. Viele verschiedene Strukturen des Auges werden in der Höhe nicht nur wegen der dort herrschenden Hypoxie, sondern auch aufgrund weiterer relevanter Umweltfaktoren wie UV Strahlung, Kälte oder niedere Luftfeuchtigkeit beeinträchtigt. Diese Veränderungen zeigen sich sehr häufig an den der Umwelt exponierten, meist avaskulären Strukturen wie der Hornhaut oder dem Tränenfilm. So kommt es in der Höhe zum Beispiel zu einer akuten Photokeratitis, einem Hornhautödem oder zu einem instabilen Tränenfilm. Die Schädigungen dieser Strukturen können bis zu einer relevanten Funktionsbeeinträchtigung des visuellen Systems mit verminderter Sehfähigkeit führen. Insbesondere präventive Massnahmen sind deshalb von entscheidender Bedeutung.
Seltene Ursache für eine transiente Aphasie nach Koronarangiografie
Authors: Schilling Carin , Weilenmann Daniel , Diener Suzie , Hundsberger Thomas
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung. Wir berichten über eine 72-jährige Patientin, die nach einer elektiven Koronarangiografie über plötzlich einsetzende stärkste Kopfschmerzen klagte. Klinisch bestand eine dysphasische Aphasie, die sich rasch progredient zu einer globalen Aphasie und einem deliranten Zustandsbild entwickelte. Nach dem Ausschluss alternativer Differenzialdiagnosen gingen wir von der seltenen Komplikation einer kontrastmittelinduzierten Enzephalopathie nach Koronarangiografie aus.
Angiopoietin-like protein 3 and 4 in obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and malnutrition: the effect of weight reduction and realimentation
Authors: Cinkajzlová Anna , Mráz Miloš , Lacinová Zdeňka , Kloučková Jana , Kaválková Petra , Kratochvílová Helena , Trachta Pavel , Křížová Jarmila , Haluzíková Denisa , Škrha Jan , Papežová Hana , Haluzík Martin
Published: April 2018

Background

Angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTLs) 3 and 4 are circulating factors that participate in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism.

Subjects and methods

We measured serum ANGPTL3 and 4 levels in 23 patients with obesity, 40 patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), 22 patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), 15 subjects undergoing 72-h fasting, and 12 patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS), and their changes after very-low-calorie diet (VLCD), bariatric surgery, partial realimentation, acute fasting, and parenteral nutrition in order to assess their possible role in metabolic regulations.

Results

Serum ANGPTL4 levels were higher in obese subjects without/with T2DM (94.50 ± 9.51 and 134.19 ± 7.69 vs. 50.34 ± 4.22 ng/ml, p < 0.001) and lower in subjects with AN relative to healthy control subjects (38.22 ± 4.48 vs. 65.80 ± 7.98 ng/ml, p = 0.002), while serum ANGPTL3 levels demonstrated inverse tendency. Nutritional status had no effect on ANGPTL3 and 4 mRNA expression in adipose tissue. Fasting decreased ANGPTL3 and increased ANGPTL4 levels, while VLCD reduced only ANGPTL3. Bariatric surgery and realimentation of AN or SBS patients had no effect on either ANGPTL. Multiple regression analysis identified BMI as an independent predictor of ANGPTL3; and BMI and HbA1c as independent predictors of ANGPTL4, respectively.

Conclusions

Taken together, our data suggest that serum ANGPTL3 and 4 levels are influenced by nutritional status and fasting and could be involved in the metabolic disturbances present in obesity and AN.
Nutrient limitation suppresses the temperature dependence of phytoplankton metabolic rates
Authors: Marañón Emilio , Lorenzo María P , Cermeño Pedro , Mouriño-Carballido Beatriz
Published: April 2018

Climate warming has the potential to alter ecosystem function through temperature-dependent changes in individual metabolic rates. The temperature sensitivity of phytoplankton metabolism is especially relevant, since these microorganisms sustain marine food webs and are major drivers of biogeochemical cycling. Phytoplankton metabolic rates increase with temperature when nutrients are abundant, but it is unknown if the same pattern applies under nutrient-limited growth conditions, which prevail over most of the ocean. Here we use continuous cultures of three cosmopolitan and biogeochemically relevant species (Synechococcus sp., Skeletonema costatum and Emiliania huxleyi) to determine the temperature dependence (activation energy, Ea) of metabolism under different degrees of nitrogen (N) limitation. We show that both CO2 fixation and respiration rates increase with N supply but are largely insensitive to temperature. Ea of photosynthesis (0.11 ± 0.06 eV, mean ± SE) and respiration (0.04 ± 0.17 eV) under N-limited growth is significantly smaller than Ea of growth rate under nutrient-replete conditions (0.77 ± 0.06 eV). The reduced temperature dependence of metabolic rates under nutrient limitation can be explained in terms of enzyme kinetics, because both maximum reaction rates and half-saturation constants increase with temperature. Our results suggest that the direct, stimulating effect of rising temperatures upon phytoplankton metabolic rates will be circumscribed to ecosystems with high-nutrient availability.
Gas and seismicity within the Istanbul seismic gap
Authors: Géli L. , Henry P. , Grall C. , Tary J.-B. , Lomax A. , Batsi E. , Riboulot V. , Cros E. , Gürbüz C. , Işık S. E. , Sengör A. M. C. , Le Pichon X. , Ruffine L. , Dupré S. , Thomas Y. , Kalafat D. , Bayrakci G. , Coutellier Q. , Regnier T. , Westbrook G. , Saritas H. , Çifçi G. , Çağatay M. N. , Özeren M. S. , Görür N. , Tryon M. , Bohnhoff M. , Gasperini L. , Klingelhoefer F. , Scalabrin C. , Augustin J.-M. , Embriaco D. , Marinaro G. , Frugoni F. , Monna S. , Etiope G. , Favali P. , Bécel A.
Published: April 2018

Understanding micro-seismicity is a critical question for earthquake hazard assessment. Since the devastating earthquakes of Izmit and Duzce in 1999, the seismicity along the submerged section of North Anatolian Fault within the Sea of Marmara (comprising the “Istanbul seismic gap”) has been extensively studied in order to infer its mechanical behaviour (creeping vs locked). So far, the seismicity has been interpreted only in terms of being tectonic-driven, although the Main Marmara Fault (MMF) is known to strike across multiple hydrocarbon gas sources. Here, we show that a large number of the aftershocks that followed the M 5.1 earthquake of July, 25th2011 in the western Sea of Marmara, occurred within a zone of gas overpressuring in the 1.5–5 km depth range, from where pressurized gas is expected to migrate along the MMF, up to the surface sediment layers. Hence, gas-related processes should also be considered for a complete interpretation of the micro-seismicity (~M < 3) within the Istanbul offshore domain.
Multiple-Brain Connectivity During Third Party Punishment: an EEG Hyperscanning Study
Authors: Ciaramidaro A. , Toppi J. , Casper C. , Freitag C. M. , Siniatchkin M. , Astolfi L.
Published: April 2018

Compassion is a particular form of empathic reaction to harm that befalls others and is accompanied by a desire to alleviate their suffering. This altruistic behavior is often manifested through altruistic punishment, wherein individuals penalize a deprecated human’s actions, even if they are directed toward strangers. By adopting a dual approach, we provide empirical evidence that compassion is a multifaceted prosocial behavior and can predict altruistic punishment. In particular, in this multiple-brain connectivity study in an EEG hyperscanning setting, compassion was examined during real-time social interactions in a third-party punishment (TPP) experiment. We observed that specific connectivity patterns were linked to behavioral and psychological intra- and interpersonal factors. Thus, our results suggest that an ecological approach based on simultaneous dual-scanning and multiple-brain connectivity is suitable for analyzing complex social phenomena.
Author Correction: Variation in salinity tolerance between and within anadromous subpopulations of pike (Esox lucius)
Authors: Sunde Johanna , Tamario Carl , Tibblin Petter , Larsson Per , Forsman Anders
Published: April 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Band transition and topological interface modes in 1D elastic phononic crystals
Authors: Yin Jianfei , Ruzzene Massimo , Wen Jihong , Yu Dianlong , Cai Li , Yue Linfeng
Published: April 2018

In this report, we design a one-dimensional elastic phononic crystal (PC) comprised of an Aluminum beam with periodically arranged cross-sections to study the inversion of bulk bands due to the change of topological phases. As the geometric parameters of the unit cell varies, the second bulk band closes and reopens forming a topological transition point. This phenomenon is confirmed for both longitudinal waves and bending waves. By constructing a structural system formed by two PCs with different topological phases, for the first time, we experimentally demonstrate the existence of interface mode within the bulk band gap as a result of topological transition for both longitudinal and bending modes in elastic systems, although for bending modes, additional conditions have to be met in order to have the interface mode due to the dispersive nature of the bending waves in uniform media compared to the longitudinal waves.
Therapeutic Delivery Specifications Identified Through Compartmental Analysis of a Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Immune Reaction
Authors: Li Matthew , Khong Danika , Chin Ling-Yee , Singleton Amy , Parekkadan Biju
Published: April 2018

Despite widespread preclinical success, mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy has not reached consistent pivotal clinical endpoints in primary indications of autoinflammatory diseases. Numerous studies aim to uncover specific mechanisms of action towards better control of therapy using in vitro immunomodulation assays. However, many of these immunomodulation assays are imperfectly designed to accurately recapitulate microenvironment conditions where MSCs act. To increase our understanding of MSC efficacy, we herein conduct a systems level microenvironment approach to define compartmental features that can influence the delivery of MSCs’ immunomodulatory effect in vitro in a more quantitative manner than ever before. Using this approach, we notably uncover an improved MSC quantification method with predictive cross-study applicability and unveil the key importance of system volume, time exposure to MSCs, and cross-communication between MSC and T cell populations to realize full therapeutic effect. The application of these compartmental analysis can improve our understanding of MSC mechanism(s) of action and further lead to administration methods that deliver MSCs within a compartment for predictable potency.
DNAp: A Pipeline for DNA-seq Data Analysis
Authors: Causey Jason L. , Ashby Cody , Walker Karl , Wang Zhiping Paul , Yang Mary , Guan Yuanfang , Moore Jason H. , Huang Xiuzhen
Published: April 2018

Next-generation sequencing is empowering genetic disease research. However, it also brings significant challenges for efficient and effective sequencing data analysis. We built a pipeline, called DNAp, for analyzing whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS) data, to detect mutations from disease samples. The pipeline is containerized, convenient to use and can run under any system, since it is a fully automatic process in Docker container form. It is also open, and can be easily customized with user intervention points, such as for updating reference files and different software or versions. The pipeline has been tested with both human and mouse sequencing datasets, and it has generated mutations results, comparable to published results from these datasets, and reproducible across heterogeneous hardware platforms. The pipeline DNAp, funded by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), was developed for analyzing DNA sequencing data of FDA. Here we make DNAp an open source, with the software and documentation available to the public at http://bioinformatics.astate.edu/dna-pipeline/.
Comparative Proteomics Reveal the Association between SPANX Proteins and Clinical Outcomes of Artificial Insemination with Donor Sperm
Authors: Wang X. M. , Xiang Z. , Fu Y. , Wu H. L. , Zhu W. B. , Fan L. Q.
Published: April 2018

Semen analysis is used for diagnosing male infertility and evaluating male fertility for more than a century. However, the semen analysis simply represents the population characteristics of sperm. It is not a comprehensive assessment of the male reproductive potential. In this study, 20 semen samples from human sperm bank with distinctive artificial insemination with donor sperm (AID) clinical outcomes were collected and analyzed using a two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE); 45 differentially expressed protein spots were obtained, and 26 proteins were identified. Most differentially expressed proteins were related to sperm motility, energy consumption, and structure. These identified proteins included several sperm proteins associated with the nucleus on the X chromosome (SPANX) proteins. This prospective study aimed to investigate the association between the expression levels of SPANX proteins and the AID clinical outcomes. The proteins identified in this study provided a reference for the molecular mechanism of sperm fertility and revealed a predictive value of the SPANX proteins.
Global time-size distribution of volcanic eruptions on Earth
Authors: Papale Paolo
Published: April 2018

Volcanic eruptions differ enormously in their size and impacts, ranging from quiet lava flow effusions along the volcano flanks to colossal events with the potential to affect our entire civilization. Knowledge of the time and size distribution of volcanic eruptions is of obvious relevance for understanding the dynamics and behavior of the Earth system, as well as for defining global volcanic risk. From the analysis of recent global databases of volcanic eruptions extending back to more than 2 million years, I show here that the return times of eruptions with similar magnitude follow an exponential distribution. The associated relative frequency of eruptions with different magnitude displays a power law, scale-invariant distribution over at least six orders of magnitude. These results suggest that similar mechanisms subtend to explosive eruptions from small to colossal, raising concerns on the theoretical possibility to predict the magnitude and impact of impending volcanic eruptions.
Protein Determination Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) Chemosensors
Authors: Cieplak Maciej , Kutner Wlodzimierz
Published: April 2018

Synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) using macromolecular templates (Mw > 1.5 kDa), and proteins in particular, is highly demanding. So it is no wonder that this issue has attracted significant attention for nearly last two decades, especially in the field of selective chemosensor devising. Despite an extensive research effort in this field, there had been only a limited progress made till the beginning of the present decade. New approaches and new ideas that were proposed in the last few years raised protein imprinting to a completely new level. This progress prompted us to prepare a comprehensive overview of the research accomplished toward devising MIP based chemosensors for selective protein determination.
Microrheology and microstructure of water-in-water emulsions containing sodium caseinate and locust bean gum
Authors: Moschakis Thomas , Chantzos Nikos , Biliaderis Costas G. , Dickinson Eric
Published: April 2018

Employing in situ particle tracking microrheology to clarify the casein–locust bean gum interactions in a w/w emulsion system.
Black pepper-based beverage induced appetite-suppressing effects without altering postprandial glycaemia, gut and thyroid hormones or gastrointestinal well-being: a randomized crossover study in healthy subjects
Authors: Zanzer Yoghatama Cindya , Plaza Merichel , Dougkas Anestis , Turner Charlotta , Östman Elin
Published: April 2018

Pleiotropic effects of spices on health, particularly on glucose metabolism and energy regulation, deserve further clinical investigation into their efficacy.
Glutathione-driven Cu(i)–O2chemistry: a new light-up fluorescent assay for intracellular glutathione
Authors: Gao Peng Fei , Mao Yu Ting , Yang Tong , Zou Hong Yan , Li Yuan Fang , Huang Cheng Zhi
Published: April 2018

A new intracellular light-up fluorescent assay for glutathione is established, which is based on Cu(i)–O2chemistry without external H2O2.
cat-ELCCA: catalyzing drug discovery through click chemistry
Authors: Garner Amanda L.
Published: April 2018

Click chemistry-based amplification assays provide enabling tools for chemical probe and drug discovery.
Engineering nanoporous organic frameworks to stabilize naked Au clusters: a charge modulation approach
Authors: Ding Shunmin , Tian Chengcheng , Zhu Xiang , Wang Huize , Wang Hai , Abney Carter W. , Zhang Ning , Dai Sheng
Published: April 2018

A simple charge modulation approach has been developed to stabilize naked Au clusters on a nanoporous conjugated organic network.
Mechanochemical syntheses and35Cl solid-state NMR characterization of fluoxetine HCl cocrystals
Authors: Peach Austin A. , Hirsh David A. , Holmes Sean T. , Schurko Robert W.
Published: April 2018

Novel mechanochemical syntheses of cocrystals of fluoxetine HCl are presented, along with characterization of the molecular-level structures by35Cl solid-state NMR and DFT calculations.
A first-principles study of hydrogen storage capacity based on Li–Na-decorated silicene
Authors: Sheng Zhe , Wu Shujing , Dai Xianying , Zhao Tianlong , Hao Yue
Published: April 2018

Surface decoration with alkali metal adatoms has been predicted to be promising for silicene to obtain high hydrogen storage capacity.
A potential material for hydrogen storage: a Li decorated graphitic-CN monolayer
Authors: Chen Yong-Dao , Yu Song , Zhao Wen-Hui , Li Shun-Fang , Duan Xiang-Mei
Published: April 2018

Motivated by recent experimental developments of graphitic-CN (g-CN) sheets, we investigate the suitability of hydrogen storage on Li decorated g-CN via first-principles calculations.
Silica-based micro- and mesoporous catalysts for dry reforming of methane
Authors: Li Ziwei , Das Sonali , Hongmanorom Plaifa , Dewangan Nikita , Wai Ming Hui , Kawi Sibudjing
Published: April 2018

With wide availability, high thermal stability and high specific surface area, silica-based micro- and mesoporous materials show promising performance for dry reforming of methane reaction, boosting efficient and sustainable utilization of greenhouse gases.
Bismuth as a versatile cation for luminescence in coordination polymers from BiX3/4,4′-bipy: understanding of photophysics by quantum chemical calculations and structural parallels to lanthanides
Authors: Sorg Jens R. , Wehner Tobias , Matthes Philipp R. , Sure Rebecca , Grimme Stefan , Heine Johanna , Müller-Buschbaum Klaus
Published: April 2018

Bi-coordination polymers exhibit remarkable CT-based photoluminescence.
A triphenylamine-functionalized luminescent sensor for efficient p-nitroaniline detection
Authors: Ji Ning-Ning , Shi Zhi-Qiang , Hu Hai-Liang , Zheng He-Gen
Published: April 2018

The combination of π-conjugated fluorophores within a hybrid system gives rise to a triphenylamine-functionalized material [Zn(bpba)(NO3)] (1) (Hbpba = 4-(bis(4-(pyridin-4-yl)phenyl)amino)benzoic acid).
The role of the solid electrolyte interphase layer in preventing Li dendrite growth in solid-state batteries
Authors: Wu Bingbin , Wang Shanyu , Lochala Joshua , Desrochers David , Liu Bo , Zhang Wenqing , Yang Jihui , Xiao Jie
Published: April 2018

The fundamental role of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer in preventing dendritic Li growth has been investigated in solid-state batteries.
Protein–protein interactions in AQP regulation – biophysical characterization of AQP0–CaM and AQP2–LIP5 complex formation
Authors: Kreida Stefan , Roche Jennifer Virginia , Olsson Caroline , Linse Sara , Törnroth-Horsefield Susanna
Published: April 2018

Biophysical characterization of interactions between full-length aquaporins and regulatory proteins provides new insights into binding mechanisms.
Automated characterization and assembly of individual nanowires for device fabrication
Authors: Yu Kaiyan , Yi Jingang , Shan Jerry W.
Published: April 2018

An electric-field-based simultaneously automated characterization, manipulation, and assembly of nanowires and nanotubes is essential to enabling the scalable manufacturing of functional nanodevices for a variety of applications.
Tetrathiomolybdate inhibits the reaction of cisplatin with human copper chaperone Atox1
Authors: Tian Yao , Fang Tiantian , Yuan Siming , Zheng Yuchuan , Arnesano Fabio , Natile Giovanni , Liu Yangzhong
Published: April 2018

Tetrathiomolybdate inhibits the platination of Cu–Atox1 and prevents the protein unfolding and aggregation induced by cisplatin.
Conjugated microporous polymers based on biphenylene for CO2 adsorption and luminescence detection of nitroaromatic compounds
Authors: Wang Shun , Liu Yuchuan , Yu Yue , Du Jianfeng , Cui Yuanzheng , Song Xiaowei , Liang Zhiqiang
Published: April 2018

Conjugated microporous polymers based on biphenylene exhibit selective adsorption CO2 over CH4 and N2 and luminescence sensing for picric acid.
A novel graphite-like stacking structure in a discrete molecule and its molecular recognition behavior
Authors: Akine Shigehisa , Onuma Takahiro , Nabeshima Tatsuya
Published: April 2018

Macrocyclic imines containing two hexabenzocoronene planes adopted a unique intramolecular stacking structure, similar to the stacking pattern in natural graphite.
A high performance Sc-based nanoprobe for through-skull fluorescence imaging of brain vessels beyond 1500 nm
Authors: Deng Zhiming , Li Xiaolong , Xue Zhenluan , Jiang Mingyang , Li Youbin , Zeng Songjun , Liu Hongrong
Published: April 2018

PAA-KSc2F7nanoprobes with good biocompatibility and controlled size were developed for brain blood vessel fluorescence imaging beyond 1500 nm.
Ozone-mediated synthesis of ceria nanoparticles
Authors: Bhalkikar Anuja , Wu Tai-Sing , Marin Chris M. , Fisher Tamra J. , Wang Meiyu , Wells Isaac H. , Sarella Anandakumar , Soo Yun-Liang , Cheung Chin Li
Published: April 2018

We report a rapid, room temperature methodology to synthesize fluorite-structured ceria nanoparticles using cerium(iii) salts and ozone in the presence of short chain primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols.
Ferroelectric polarization-enhanced charge separation in a vanadium-doped ZnO photoelectrochemical system
Authors: Liu Yichong , Kang Zhuo , Zhang Suicai , Li Yong , Wu Hualin , Wu Jing , Wu Pingwei , Zhang Zheng , Liao Qingliang , Zhang Yue
Published: April 2018

A ferroelectric polarization protocol was demonstrated to be favorable for photoinduced charge separation in the V-doped ZnO based photoelectrochemical system.
Efficient electroluminescence of bluish green iridium complexes with 2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)pyrimidine and 2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-5-fluoropyrimidine as the main ligands
Authors: Han Hua-Bo , Wu Zheng-Guang , Zheng You-Xuan
Published: April 2018

Four bluish green iridium complexes with high photoluminescence quantum efficiencies were applied in OLEDs, and they showed a maximum current efficiency of 74.70 cd A−1 and a maximum external quantum efficiency of 35.0% with mild efficiency roll-off.
Introducing copper and collagen (viapoly(DOPA)) coating to activate inert ceramic scaffolds for excellent angiogenic and osteogenic capacity
Authors: Wang Xu , Wu Chenzhou , Qi Hao , Tian Meng , Xie Huixu , Wang Yaping , Gu Zhipeng , Peng Xu , Yu Xixiun
Published: April 2018

Viapoly(DOPA) coating, we immobilized copper and collagen to activate CPP scaffolds and thus obtained excellent angiogenic and osteogenic capacity.
High-throughput continuous hydrodeoxygenation of liquid phase pyrolysis oil
Authors: Treusch K. , Schwaiger N. , Schlackl K. , Nagl R. , Rollett A. , Schadler M. , Hammerschlag B. , Ausserleitner J. , Huber A. , Pucher P. , Siebenhofer M.
Published: April 2018

Liquid phase pyrolysis oil was successfully hydrodeoxygenated in continuous operation at liquid hourly space velocities of up to 3 h−1.
Starbursts in and out of the star-formation main sequence
Authors: Elbaz D. , Leiton R. , Nagar N. , Okumura K. , Franco M. , Schreiber C. , Pannella M. , Wang T. , Dickinson M. , Díaz-Santos T. , Ciesla L. , Daddi E. , Bournaud F. , Magdis G. , Zhou L. , Rujopakarn W.
Published: April 2018

Aims. We use high-resolution continuum images obtained with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) to probe the surface density of star formation in z ~ 2 galaxies and study the different physical properties between galaxies within and above the star-formation main sequence of galaxies.

Methods. We use ALMA images at 870 μm with 0.2 arcsec resolution in order to resolve star formation in a sample of eight star-forming galaxies at z ~ 2 selected among the most massive Herschel galaxies in the GOODS-South field. This sample is supplemented with eleven galaxies from the public data of the 1.3 mm survey of the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field, HUDF. We derive dust and gas masses for the galaxies, compute their depletion times and gas fractions, and study the relative distributions of rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) and far-infrared (FIR) light.

Results. ALMA reveals systematically dense concentrations of dusty star formation close to the center of the stellar component of the galaxies. We identify two different starburst regimes: (i) the classical population of starbursts located above the SFR-M⋆ main sequence, with enhanced gas fractions and short depletion times and (ii) a sub-population of galaxies located within the scatter of the main sequence that experience compact star formation with depletion timescales typical of starbursts of ~150 Myr. In both starburst populations, the FIR and UV are distributed in distinct regions and dust-corrected star formation rates (SFRs) estimated using UV-optical-near-infrared data alone underestimate the total SFR. Starbursts hidden in the main sequence show instead the lowest gas fractions of our sample and could represent the last stage of star formation prior to passivization. Being Herschel-selected, these main sequence galaxies are located in the high-mass end of the main sequence, hence we do not know whether these “starbursts hidden in the main sequence” also exist below 1011 M⊙. Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are found to be ubiquitous in these compact starbursts, suggesting that the triggering mechanism also feeds the central black hole or that the active nucleus triggers star formation.
Chemical and sensory characterisation of sweet wines obtained by different techniques
Authors: Avizcuri-Inac José-Miguel , González-Hernández Marivel , Rosáenz-Oroz Daniel , Martínez-Ruiz Rodrigo , Vaquero-Fernández Luis
Published: April 2018

Little is known about the chemical and sensory characteristics of natural sweet wines obtained by different grape dehydration processes. The main aim of this work is to characterise several natural sweet wines, in order to understand the influence of grape dehydration on the chemical and sensory profile of those wines. First, conventional oenological parameters and low molecular weight phenolic compounds have been determined. Next, sensory descriptive analysis was performed on individual samples based on citation frequencies for aroma attributes and conventional intensity scores for taste and mouth-feel properties. Low molecular weight phenolic compounds and acidity were found in a lower concentration in most wines from off-vine dried grapes. Late harvest wine presented higher amounts of phenolics. White wines showed higher sensory and chemical acidity. Most wines obtained from off-vine and on-vine grape dehydration presented common notes of dry fruits and raisins as aroma properties. Chemical and sensory analyses performed in this study were able to define sweet wines. No significant differences have been found in chemical and sensory profiles of sweet wines according to dehydration processes of the grapes. Late harvest wine and white wines were differentiated from other wines through chemical and sensory analysis.
Recovery of manganese from manganese oxide ores in the EDTA solution
Authors: Zhang Chao , Wang Shuai , Cao Zhan-fang , Zhong Hong
Published: April 2018

A new process has been experimentally and theoretically established for the recovery of manganese from manganese oxide ores, mainly including the reductive leaching of manganese by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), EDTA recovery, and manganese electrolysis. The experimental conditions for this process were investigated. Moderate leaching environment by EDTA with the pH in the range of 5–6 is of benefit to leach manganese from some manganese oxide ores with high-content impurities, such as iron and aluminum. Most of EDTA can be recovered by acidification. A small amount of the residual EDTA in the electrolyte can prevent the generation of anode mud. In addition, trimanganese tetroxide (Mn3O4) can be obtained by the roasting of the EDTA–Mn crystallized product.
Thyreotoxikose bei langjähriger Multipler Sklerose? – Fallstricke der MS-Therapie mit Biotin
Authors: Pöllmann Walter , Meier Martin , Feneberg Wolfgang , Ganslmeier Josef , Kleiter Ingo
Published: April 2018

Hochdosis-Biotin ist ein neuartiger Wirkansatz für Patienten mit progredienter Multipler Sklerose (MS), der aktuell in klinischen Studien getestet wird. Artifizielle Veränderungen von Labortests sind eine häufige Komplikation. Wir berichten von einem 44-jährigen Patienten mit vermeintlicher Thyreotoxikose unter Hochdosis-Biotintherapie. Durch potenzielle Interaktionen mit Labortests ist der Einsatz von hochdosiertem Biotin nur mit Vorsicht unter Berücksichtigung von Risikofaktoren (z. B. kardiale Erkrankungen) und erst nach intensiver Beratung sinnvoll. Das Mitführen einer Kurzinformation bei den Ausweispapieren ist anzuraten.
Thromboinflammation beim ischämischen Schlaganfall – pathophysiologisches Konzept und translationale Relevanz
Authors: Kraft Peter , Langhauser Friederike , Kleinschnitz Christoph
Published: April 2018

Noch vor wenigen Jahren galt der ischämische Schlaganfall pathophysiologisch gesehen als Prototyp einer rein thrombotischen Erkrankung. Dies veränderte sich sukzessive, da klar wurde, dass Immunzellen im ischämischen Hirngewebe nicht nur vorhanden sind, sondern überraschenderweise sogar eine maßgebliche pathophysiologische Rolle spielen. Mittlerweile weiß man, dass viele Bestandteile des Immunsystems an der Entwicklung eines ischämischen Schlaganfalls beteiligt sind. Von größtem Interesse ist die Beobachtung, dass sich thrombotische und inflammatorische Vorgänge bei der Schlaganfallentstehung gegenseitig beeinflussen. Ein Phänomen, das unter dem Begriff Thromboinflammation Einzug in die Literatur gefunden hat. Die vorhandene Datenlage basiert im Wesentlichen auf tierexperimentellen Studien. Erste klinische Studien deuten jedoch darauf hin, dass thromboinflammatorische Vorgänge auch beim humanen ischämischen Schlaganfall eine große pathophysiologische Relevanz haben könnten, sodass sich daraus innovative Therapiestrategien entwickeln könnten. Die vorliegende Übersichtsarbeit skizziert die wichtigsten Mechanismen der Thromboinflammation im Kontext des ischämischen Schlaganfalls und geht auf erste translationale Ansätze ein.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Otherwise Healthy Prematurely Born Infants: A Forgotten Majority
Authors: Paes Bosco
Published: April 2018

Healthy, premature infants ≤35 weeks' gestational age (wGA) are universally recognized to be at an increased risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Serious respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lower respiratory tract infection imposes an additional burden of illness on these infants following hospitalization. Incurred morbidities relative to term infants include longer lengths of hospital stay, admission to intensive care, and need for oxygen and mechanical ventilation, all of which are associated with increased hospital costs. The highest morbidities are experienced by premature infants who are youngest (<3 months' chronological age) and are of lower gestational age. Short- and long-term follow-up indicates that healthy preterm infants both of lower gestational age and who are late preterm have obstructive lung function at baseline, which is further compromised by RSV-related infection during infancy. There is increasing evidence that childhood exposure to an episode of RSV infection may set the stage for an abnormal respiratory function trajectory, which, in adulthood, leads to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Healthy premature infants <32 wGA merit RSV prophylaxis based on existing data, whereas moderate- and high-risk preterm infants 32 to 35 wGA should be selectively and cost-effectively targeted for prophylaxis using validated risk scoring tools and country-specific thresholds for funding.
Role of Lactoferrin in Neonates and Infants: An Update
Authors: Dall'Agnola Alberto , Tomé Daniel , Kaufman David , Tavella Elena , Pieretto Marta , Messina Alessandro , De Luca Daniele , Bellaiche Marc , Mosca Alexis , Piloquet Hugues , Simeoni Umberto , Picaud Jean-Charles , Del Vecchio Antonio , Manzoni Paolo
Published: April 2018

Lactoferrin is one of the most represented and important bioactive proteins in human and mammal milk. In humans, lactoferrin is responsible for several actions targeting anti-infective, immunological, and gastrointestinal domains in neonates, infants, and young children. Evidence-based data vouch for the ability of supplemented lactoferrin to prevent sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants and to reduce the burden of morbidity related to gastrointestinal and respiratory pathogens in young children. However, several issues remain pending regarding answers and clarification related to quality control, correct intakes, optimal schedules and schemes of supplementations, interactions with probiotics, and different types of milk and formulas. This review summarizes the current evidence regarding lactoferrin and discusses the areas in need of further guidance prior to the adoption of strategies that include a routine use of lactoferrin in neonates and young children.
Novel Approaches to the Study of Neonatal Infections
Authors: Stronati Mauro , Castagnoli Riccardo , Ioimo Irene , Achille Cristian , Manzoni Paolo , Tzialla Chryssoula , Borghesi Alessandro
Published: April 2018

The pathogenesis of neonatal infection is incompletely understood. Neonatal immune immaturity and the microbial factors of virulence only partially explain the interindividual differences in the protective responses to the most common neonatal pathogens. Stratification of infants into high- and low-risk groups through epidemiological studies has been invaluable in designing preventive strategies and reducing the burden of neonatal infection. The discovery of the role of maternal antibodies (Abs) as, for instance, anti-capsular polysaccharide group B streptococcal (GBS) Abs, in protecting newborn infants against neonatal GBS sepsis, has been a milestone in the unraveling of the molecular underpinnings of susceptibility to infection in the neonatal age. Future work should aim at defining the cellular and molecular differences in the neonatal immune responses that account for individual susceptibility and resistance to common neonatal pathogens. The interplay between the genetic and immune backgrounds of the infant, changes in the infant's microbiome, maternal factors, and the pathogen's characteristics needs to be accurately described through human studies. Precise phenotyping and dissection of the clinical heterogeneity of neonatal infection should identify cohorts that can be studied through different study methodologies. Term and preterm infants should be investigated according to the most likely underlying mechanism, single-gene disorders and multifactorial predisposition, respectively. Novel technologies, including genotyping studies, exome and genome sequencing, analysis of the microbiome, and the study of the metabolome, are nowadays established and available and can be integrated to gain a better insight into the unexplained bases of individual susceptibility to neonatal infections.
New Diagnostic Possibilities for Neonatal Sepsis
Authors: Tzialla Chryssoula , Achille Cristian , Bollani Lina , Stronati Mauro , Borghesi Alessandro , Manzoni Paolo
Published: April 2018

Progress in neonatal care has decrease morbidity and mortality due to neonatal sepsis (NS). Although diagnosis of sepsis continues to rely on blood culture, this method is too slow and limited by false-negative results. There are numerous sepsis biomarkers that have been evaluated for the early diagnosis of NS, but, to date, there is no single ideal biomarker, though novel biomarkers are becoming more sophisticated and specific in their clinical applications. This review provides an overview of the current diagnostic approaches available or under development for diagnosing NS.
Unsicherheit bei niedergelassenen Onkologen
Authors: Bubenzer Rainer
Published: April 2018

Die Bedeutung von Biosimilars für die Versorgung nimmt auch in der Versorgung onkologischer Patienten zu. Was sich aus Sicht der Gesundheitspolitiker, Kostenträger und klinisch tätiger Onkologen als alternativlose Antwort auf die steigenden Arzneimittelaufwendungen darstellt, verunsichert viele niedergelassene onkologisch tätige Ärzte. Sie machen eine andere Rechnung auf. Steigende Bürokratie und offene Fragen, darunter auch zu haftungsrechtlichen Folgen, führen bei ihnen zu Unsicherheiten. Eine Situationsbeschreibung.
Zurück in die Zukunft
Authors: Köhler M.
Published: April 2018

Adoleszente und junge Erwachsene (Adolescents and Young Adults, AYA) mit Krebs stellen mit einer Inzidenz von 15 000 Fällen pro Jahr in ihrer Peer Group eine Ausnahme dar. Mittlerweile liegen eine Reihe forschungsbasierter Befunde vor, welche die klinische Bedeutsamkeit des umschriebenen Altersintervalls zwischen dem 15. und 39. Lebensjahr im Vergleich zu Kindern und älteren Erwachsenen kennzeichnen. Darüber hinaus stehen das körperliche und seelische Erleben sowie die individuelle Bewältigung der existenziellen Abhängigkeiten durch den Krebs und die Krebsbehandlung in einem deutlichen Gegensatz zum Charakter der Lebenssituation eines gesund aufwachsenden jungen Erwachsenen. Eine Evidenz zur forschungsbasierten Entwicklung geprüfter Beurteilungsverfahren, Erhebung psychosozialer Beanspruchungen und Wirksamkeitsprüfung personalisierter Interventionsansätze ist bislang allerdings kaum gegeben. Die Anwendung entwicklungspsychologischer Konzepte und familienbasierter Ansätze kann ein professionelles Verständnis im Umgang mit den AYAKrebspatienten und deren existenziell bedrohlichen Herausforderungen fördern.
Akupunktur verringert Gelenkschmerzen
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: April 2018

Eine sechswöchige Akupunktur-Behandlung kann Gelenkschmerzen und -steifigkeit als Nebenwirkungen einer Therapie mit Aromatase-Inhibitoren signifikant verringern.

Dies ergab eine Auswertung der SWOG 1200-Studie, die auf dem SABCS vorgestellt wurde.
Innovatives Modell für die verlängerte Antiöstrogentherapie
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: April 2018

Antiöstrogene blockieren die Produktion von Östrogenen oder deren wachstums-stimulierende Wirkung auf die Tumorzellen. Bei hormonrezeptorpositiven Mamma-karzinomen mit einem hohem Rezidivrisiko wird die auf zehn Jahre verlängerte Anti-östrogentherapie empfohlen. Nach der SOLE-Studie mit einer periodischen Durch-führung der adjuvanten Spätbehandlung steht nun eine weitere Variante im Raum: Therapiepause für zielgerichtete Präventivbehandlungen nutzen.
Langzeitergebnisse für die (neo)adjuvante Chemotherapie
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: April 2018

Seit mehr als 40 Jahren führt die neoadjuvante Chemotherapie frühe Mammakarzinome von inoperablen in operable Stadien zurück. Die EBCTC-Studiengruppe stellte jetzt eine Metaanalyse, ausgewertet auf der Basis der individuellen Patientendaten, vor und verglich die Verläufe nach der adjuvanten und neoadjuvanten Chemotherapie.
Therapieoptimierungen beim Prostatakarzinom
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: April 2018

In der Behandlung des Prostatakarzinoms bestätigt sich erneut die Intensivierung der Therapie in der hormonsensitiven, metastasierten Situation. Beim diesjährigen ASCO Genitourinary Cancers Symposium (ASCO GU) wurde in zwei Studien die AR-gerichtete Therapie mit Enzalutamid bzw. Apalutamid zusätzlich zur Androgendeprivations-therapie (ADT) bestärkt. Zudem konnte der Wert der AR-gerichteten Therapie auch beim BRCA2-mutierten Prostatakarzinom vermerkt werden. In der adjuvanten Situation ist die längere Gabe einer ADT offensichtlich vorteilhafter, wogegen die Gabe von Zoledronsäure keinen positiven Effekt zeigte.
Liquid-Biopsy-Test vereinfacht Darmkrebsvorsorge erheblich
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: April 2018

Liquid-Biopsy-Tests könnten auch beim Kolorektalkarzinom (CRC) den Nachweis von zirkulierenden Tumorzellen ermöglichen. Auf diese Weise könnte auch die gegenwärtig geringe Bereitschaft der Bevölkerung für eine Vorsorgeuntersuchung bei dieser Entität erhöht werden, meinte Prof. Wen-Sy Tsai, Taoyuan/Taiwan, auf dem Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium 2018 in San Francisco. Die dafür notwendige Blutentnahme ist deutlich einfacher als die derzeit praktizierte Koloskopie.
Multiple solutions for a self-consistent Dirac equation in two dimensions
Authors: Borrelli William
Published: April 2018

This paper is devoted to the variational study of an effective model for the electron transport in a graphene sample. We prove the existence of infinitely many stationary solutions for a nonlinear Dirac equation which appears in the WKB limit for the Schrödinger equation describing the semi-classical electron dynamics. The interaction term is given by a mean field, self-consistent potential which is the trace of the 3D Coulomb potential. Despite the nonlinearity being 4-homogeneous, compactness issues related to the limiting Sobolev embedding H12(Ω,C)↪L4(Ω,C) are avoided, thanks to the regularization property of the operator (−Δ)−12. This also allows us to prove smoothness of the solutions. Our proof follows by direct arguments.