bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDIES ON THE QUANTITY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SURFACE LIPIDS OF HUMAN SCALP AND HAIR
Authors: Okamoto Kikuhiko
Published: April 2015

The quantity and chemical composition of the surface lipids of the normal female scalp and hair were studied.

Testing materials were obtained from 64 normal females as experimental objects. Lipids were extracted with acetone‐ether for quantity measurement using the weight method and thin‐layer chromatographic analysis, and for chemical composition using both thin‐layer chromatographic analysis and a mass spectrometer linked directly with gas chromatography (gas‐mass method).

Quantities and compositions of surface lipids of the scalp fluctuated in accordance with the methods adopted to cleanse the hair and the volume of cleansing agents used.

Twenty four hours after cleansing the scalp and removal of surface lipids, it was observed that the volume of lipids had been restored to pre‐cleansing levels. These restored lipids had been significantly hydrolysed after 24 hours, to the point where lipase should seemingly affect them.

The level of free fatty acids corresponded to the quantity of total lipids and exceeded the level of triglycerides after 24–48 hours, when the quantity of restored lipids had increased and hydrolysed. Some of those sampled complained of scalp itchiness.

The volume of scalp surface lipids is obviously affected by seasonal factors related to conditions of cleansing constancy; i. e., it was greatest in May and least in July.

Most of the hair's surface lipids have been transferred there after first appearing on the surface of the scalp and being hydrolysed, while smaller quantities of these lipids are transferred directly from sebaceous glands to the hair.
AN ACQUIRED FORM OF ACRODERMATITIS ENTEROPATHICA DUE TO LONGTERM LACTOSE‐FREE MILK ALIMENTATION
Authors: Morishima Takafumi , Yagi Shigeru , Kuwabara Kyosuke , Endo Mikio , Takemura Tsukasa
Published: April 2015

A 4‐month‐old boy, fed on lactose‐free milk for the treatment of intractable diarrhea for about 3 months, developed acrodermatitis enteropathica‐like skin lesions. All the symptoms dramatically disappeared 2 weeks after switching from this milk to a general cow's milk formula, and his low serum zinc level also rapidly returned to normal. The zinc deficiency seen in this case was presumed to be closely related to longterm lactose‐free milk alimentation. Acrodermatitis enteropathica, a human zinc deficiency, should be classified into two types, hereditary and acquired. The latter form can develop from intravenous hyperalimentation, longterm lactose‐free milk alimentation and longterm penicillamine administration.
NODULAR FASCIITIS
Authors: Kikuchi Ichiro , Hiejima Mutsusuke , Inoue Shohei
Published: April 2015

A 53‐year‐old Japanese male construction worker developed a hard mass subcutaneously on the right thigh 2 months prior to first examination. Biopsy of a small part of the lesion was followed by moderate inflammation at the lesion, associated with regional lymphadenopathy. By the time the inflammation subsided, the mass had reduced in size. IgE was elevated, and the delayed type hypersensitivity was increased after the inflammation. The mechanism of spontaneous regression of nodular fasciitis, unclarified at present, should be studied in further cases.
PSEUDO‐TUMORAL FORM OF FUNGAL FRONTAL SINUSITIS
Authors: Grigoriu D. , Bambule J. , Delacrétaz J. , Savary M.
Published: April 2015

Fungal sinusitis of the frontal sinus is rarely observed and the result is often death. Rapid, adequate diagnosis and appropriate treatment can cure the disease.
PHOTOSENSITIVITY DUE TO HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE
Authors: Torinuki Wakio
Published: April 2015

A case of photosensitivity induced by only 2 tablets of hydrochlorothiazide (Behyd‐RA tablets) is reported. The patient had sunburn‐like eruptions on the face, neck, arms and hands. The histologic picture was the same as in polymorphic light eruption. Black light irradiation could induce the same reaction clinically as well as histologically. The patient had an identical history five years previously. A rapid improvement of the lesions occurred after cessation of the hydrochlorothiazide administration and avoidance of exposure to sunlight. No photosensitive reactions have been noted since. The skin reaction of this case was due to long ultraviolet light and hydrochlorothiazide, and possibly photoallergic in nature.
PAPULAR ACRODERMATITIS OF CHILDHOOD (GIANOTTI'S DISEASE)
Authors: Takata Minoru , Fukui Yonemasa , Taketani Tokuo , Nakamura Yoichi
Published: April 2015

Two cases of papular acrodermatitis of childhood (Gianotti's disease) are reported. Characteristic skin lesions and acute anicteric hepatitis associated with hepatitis B surface antigenemia were observed in each case. Subtype analysis of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs‐Ag) disclosed “adr” and “adw” respectively, which prevail among Japanese asymptomatic carriers. Intrafamilial father‐to‐child transmission of HB virus was strongly suspected in case 2. HBs‐Ag disappeared from the serum after three months in case 1, but persisted in case 2, who also developed chronic persistent hepatitis.
GRAFT VERSUS HOST REACTION
Authors: Mohri Shinobu , Otsuki Norio , Takada Minoru , Kawashima Yoshio , Kodo Hideki
Published: April 2015

A 27‐year‐old man with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) received a bone marrow transplant (BMT). On day 27, he developed erythematous maculopapular lesions all over his body. This rash improved within a month. Histological findings were obtained comparing those of the graft versus host reaction (GVHR).

Five months later, he developed macular lesions on his body, clinically suggestive of lichen planus. Histologically, it was also compatible with lichen planus.

He exhibited the grade I changes of acute GVHR described in Lerner's classification, and lichen planus‐like eruptions as the chronic form.
HERPETIFORM PEMPHIGUS‐LIKE SKIN LESIONS INDUCED BY D‐PENICILLAMINE
Authors: Morioka Shinji , Ogawa Hideoki
Published: April 2015

Herpetiform pemphigus‐like skin lesions appeared on a patient with rheumatoid arthritis who had been treated with D‐penicillamine. The pemphigus‐like antibodies reacted with normal human skin specimens at a titer of 1:5 serum dilution; however, the antibodies reacted more intensely with specimens of other's D‐penicillaminized skins and the patient's own skin. All of these skin lesions and abnormal antibodies disappeared after D‐penicillamine therapy was halted. In this patient, the pemphigus‐like antibodies might be induced by the drug with resulting skin lesions.
AN OUTBREAK OF PCB POISONING
Authors: Lee Yu‐Yun , Wong Pin‐Nan , Lü Yau‐Chin , Sun Chee‐Ching , Wu Ying Chin , Un Ruey‐Yi , Jee Shiou‐Hwa , Ng Kei‐Yam , Yeh Hsu‐Po
Published: April 2015

An outbreak of poisoning, characterized clinically by hyperpigmentation and a chloracne‐like eruption, broke out in mid‐Taiwan in Feburary 1979. Probably over a thousand persons were affected. The source of poisoning was found to be a specific brand of rice bran oil which was contaminated accidentally with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). PCB was detected from suspected oil samples in concentrations of 40 to 106 ppm. The blood PCB levels were 70 to 460 ppb in some patients. The amount of oil consumed by the individual patients was approximately one liter per month.

A total of 358 cases of suspected rice bran oil poisoning was seen in the special clinics of Provincial Taichung Hospital and National Taiwan University Hospital. There were 171 males and 187 females, aged between 7 days and 78 years. Half of the patients were aged 11 to 30 years. One hundred and twenty‐three patients were from families and the rest were groups from Hwei‐Ming Blind School, factories, and temples.

In general, the age distribution of the patients, the symptomatology, the skin pathology and the way the poisoning occurred, were similar to those of Yusho patients. However, differences were noted in some clinical signs, namely a higher incidence of hyperpigmentation and a lower incidence of acneform eruption in our series when compared with Goto's series. It is speculated that this may be partly due to different isomers or concentrations of PCB in the blood and tissues.
THE EFFECT OF VITAMIN A DERIVATIVES ON DIGESTIVE GLANDS OF RATS
Authors: Lee Jung Bock , Lee Sungnack , Kim Won Joon , Hong Sa Suk
Published: April 2015

The effects of toxic doses of vitamin A and its derivatives on the exocrine functions of the liver, pancreas and stomach of rats were observed. Vitamin A, retinoic acid or retinoid, an aromatic analog of retinoic acid, was given orally in a single large dose or in repeated doses. Excessive feeding of vitamin A or its derivatives, particularly retinoic acid, caused considerable toxicity and a change in the exocrine functions of the digestive glands. The mortality was high (37.5%) in rats treated with retinoic acid. Only one of 40 rats died in the retinoid group and none in the vitamin A or the control groups. The rats treated with retinoic acid or retinoid lost weight but recovered within 2 weeks after the completion of treatment.
MIXED CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASE
Authors: Miyagawa Sachiko , Iioka Akiko , Iwai Michiko , Sakamoto Kuniki , Tomii Masakuni
Published: April 2015

Elevated levels of circulating soluble immune complexes were found in the serum of a patient with mixed connective tissue disease. They correlated well with clinical disease activity and with the course of the patient. Moderate doses of betamethasone reduced the levels of immune complexes and led to clinical improvement.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE SENSITIVITY OF HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPES 1 AND 2 TO HUMAN LEUKOCYTE INTERFERON IN VITRO
Authors: Matsubara Motoo , Imanishi Jiro , Yasuno Hirokazu , Kagami Kiyoshi , Ozaki Yoshikatsu , Pak Chin‐Bin , Kishida Tsunataro
Published: April 2015

In order to examine the sensitivity of Herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 (nine strains were used) to human leukocyte interferon (HL‐IF), human embryonic fibroblast (HEF) cultures were treated with 1 times 104 IU of HL‐IF 24 hrs before each HSV was inoculated. Forty‐eight and seventy‐two hours after incubation at 37°C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere, cytopathogenic effect (CPE) or giant cell formation by HSV was observed. The TCID50 in control cultures was compared with that in IF‐treated cultures. Although HL‐IF could protect cell culture against HSV infection, no differences in sensitivity between the two types of HSV or among the nine strains of HSV to HL‐IF were recognized.
SCLEROMYXEDEMA
Authors: Sawada Yoko , Ohashi Masaru
Published: April 2015

An investigation of the relationship between depositions of immunoglobulin or complement and hyaluronic acid in cutaneous lesions of a patient with scleromyxedema was undertaken.

In sections of unfixed tissue examined by the immunofluorescence technique, IgG deposits were demonstrated chiefly in the reticular layer of the corium whereas an intense fluorescence for IgG and C3 was observed in pericellular regions.

Histochemical observations revealed abnormal hyaluronic acid deposits in the cutaneous lesion. When treated with ascorbic acid for hyaluronic acid depolymerization, the substance positive for alcian blue almost completely disappeared, as did the IgG.
HISTOLOGICAL AND SEROLOGICAL STUDIES OF PITYROSPORUM ORBICULARE IN CASES OF PITYRIASIS VERSICOLOR
Authors: Furukawa Fukumi , Danno Kiichiro , Imamura Sadao , Soh Yoshiro
Published: April 2015

The antibody titer to Pityrosporum orbiculare of 40 patients with pityriasis versicolor was measured using both the sensitized hemagglutinin method and the immunofluorescence antibody technique. Among the patients there was no significant correlation between the antibody titer and the lesional duration, distribution, color, or the presence or absence of the itching. When compared with the antibody titer of 31 healthy volunteers, no significant differences between the groups were found. In 18 out of the 40 patients, biopsy specimens were prepared for light microscopy and direct immunofluorescence microscopy. Acanthosis was observed in 13 specimens but no deposits of immunoglobulin or complement were noted.
PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF INTERFERON, VARIOUS ANTI‐VIRAL DRUGS AND COMBINATIONS OF THESE ON HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS INFECTION IN MICE
Authors: Matsubara Motoo
Published: April 2015

Young adult mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with 30LD50 of Herpes simplex virus type 1 (Miyama strain). They died within 14 days after the inoculation. Mice were equally protected by intraperitoneal injection of L cell interferon (L‐IF) or mouse brain IF (MB‐IF) given 1 day before, simultaneously and 1 day after the viral inoculation. Mice were also protected when 100μg of polyinosinic acid‐polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) was given intraperitoneally 1 day before the viral inoculation or on the same day, but not if given on the following day. When adenine arabinoside (ara‐A) was administered every day from the 1st to the 4th day after the viral inoculation, the protective effect also occurred. However, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), amphotericin B methyl ester (AME) and gamma globulin (GG) were ineffective in reducing mortality. The protective effect could be also demonstrated by combining poly I:C and L‐IF at doses which were individually ineffective. On the other hand, no synergism between L‐IF and ara‐A was observed.
IMMUNOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY ON PERILESIONAL PEMPHIGUS SKIN
Authors: Yamasaki Yuuichiro
Published: April 2015

Seven perilesional skin samples which appeared to be normal were obtained from patients with pemphigus and studied by means of direct immunofluorescence and horseradish peroxidase labeled antibody methods. Light microscopic observations revealed that in vivo bound IgG and C3 were localized in the intercellular cement substance region of the epidermis in both the direct immunofluorescence and horseradish peroxidase labeled antibody method in exactly the same fashion. Immunoelectronmicroscopic observations revealed that bound IgG and C3 were localized exclusively in the epidermal intercellular cement substance region, but not in any intracellular organellae, pinocytotic vesicles, cytosol, basal lamina or upper dermis. Bound IgG was detected in all seven cases. Bound C3 was detected in four of the seven cases. Both of these globulins were localized exclusively in the nondesmosomal and desmosomal epidermal intercellular cement substance region, apparently in the same fashion. It was suggested immunoelectronmicroscopically that not only IgG, but also the complement system might be involved in the formation of the skin lesion in pemphigus.
ORGAN CULTURE OF ADULT HUMAN SKIN; EFFECT OF CULTURE TEMPERATURE
Authors: Yasuno Hirokazu , Sotomatsu Shigetaro , Maeda Motoaki , Sato Michiko , Nishimura Akifumi , Matsubara Motoo
Published: April 2015

In the organ culture of adult human skin, long‐term preservation of cultured epidermis was obtained when the culture temperature was shifted from 37°C to 32°C. The epidermal cell kinetics were compared for both culture temperatures using the findings of mitotic rate, mitotic distribution and autoradiographic labelling index with tritiated‐thymidine (3H‐TdR). As a result, it appeared that a lowered culture temperature controlled the cell cycle in vitro to maintain long‐term, active epidermal proliferation.
QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF 5‐S‐CYSTEINYLDOPA, DOPA AND DOPAMINE IN THE URINE BY MEANS OF HIGH‐PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: Morishima Takafumi , Saito Mariko , Hanawa Shigeru
Published: April 2015

The levels of 5‐S‐cysteinyldopa (5‐SCD), 3,4‐dihydroxy‐phenylalanine (DOPA), and dopamine (DA) in the urine were determined by means of high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and fluorometry. There was a definite correlation between the data obtained by means of HPLC and those by fluorometry, suggesting that both methods are favorable for determining the levels of 5‐SCD, DOPA, and DA in the urine. However, HPLC is more useful than fluorometry for the following reasons: HPLC is easy for clinical practitioners to use; each substance shows good recovery; the values of 5‐SCD, DOPA, and DA can be determined in a single chromatographic run.
PILAR ACANTHOMA
Authors: Mohri Shinobu
Published: April 2015

A pilar acanthoma is reported. The tumor consisted of acanthotic epidermis similar to that of inverted follicular keratosis, and a dilated cystic cavity with surrounding tumor masses similar to those seen in sebaceous trichofolliculoma. The tumor was tentatively diagnosed as pilar acanthoma.
A FATAL CASE OF JUNCTIONAL EPIDERMOLYSIS BULLOSA (HERLITZ‐PEARSON)
Authors: Hiejima Mutsusuke , Inoue Shouhei , Ogata Katsumi
Published: April 2015

Clinical findings, therapeutic responses and autopsy findings of a case of junctional epidermolysis bullosa were reported. A low serum zinc level was corrected by oral zinc sulphate with little improvement in skin lesions. Early diagnosis and genetle nursing were stressed.
ERYTHEMA DYSCHROMICUM PERSTANS
Authors: Inoue Shouhei , Kikuchi Ichiro , Ishii Yoshimitsu , Idemori Masahiro
Published: April 2015

Erythema dyschromicum perstans (EDP) is a peculiar pigmented condition of unknown etiology, resistant to any treatment (1–3). We report a typical case of EDP and discuss its differential diagnosis.
THE EFFECTS OF db‐cAMP AND RELATED COMPOUNDS ON THE OUTGROWING EPIDERMIS IN VITRO
Authors: Aoyagi Takashi , Kamigaki Katsuko , Iizuka Hajime , Miura Yusho
Published: April 2015

Explant cultures of domestic pig skin were used to study the effects of db‐cAMP and related compounds on epidermal outgrowth and mitotic index in the outgrowing epidermis. Db‐cAMP and related compounds which elevated intracellular concentrations of cyclic AMP had inhibitory effects on epidermal outgrowth and mitotic index. Treatment with db‐cAMP in an early “migratory” phase revealed that db‐cAMP inhibited the migratory activities of epidermis in culture.
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDIES OF DERMAL SKIN AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISORDERS
Authors: Hoshino Kumiko , Ohashi Masaru
Published: April 2015

By using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), three dimensional structures of the matrixes and fibrous components in human dermal skin, scleromyxedema, systemic lupus erythematodes (SLE), progresive systemic sclerosis (PSS) and amyloidosis cutis were observed. SEM pictures were compared with those from conventional transmission electron microscopy and histochemistry. In human dermal skin and scleromyxedema, the matrixes were not fixed in glutaraldehyde and osmic acid. FAC fixation was employed in these specimens. After fixing specimens, streptomyces hyaluronidase digestion was made and examined by the SEM. In human dermis and scleromyxedema, hyarulonic acid occurred between collagen and elastic fibers.

In systemic lupus erythematodes and progresive systemic sclerosis, specimens were fixed in glutaraldehyde and osmic acid, and examined in the same way. In SLE, collagen fibers were dissociated and the normal wavy pattern was lost. In PSS, abnormally increased branching fibers were observed. In amyloidosis cutis, amyloid fibrils were not observed by conventional SEM. Specimens were dehydrated in a critical point dryer and examined by the field emission scanning microscope. Amyloid fibrils were interwoven in a felt‐like fashion.
TOPICAL APPLICATION OF ETHYL ETHER TO RECURRENT HERPES SIMPLEX
Authors: Takagaki Kenji , Jidoi Joji
Published: April 2015

In order to evaluate the effect of ethyl ether application to recurrent herpes simplex, recurrence intervals were checked on patients who had been followed up for over 3 years. Typical recurrent herpes simplex cases were selected and topical ether applications were made with ether soaked cotton swabs for 10 minutes several times a day for two days. Results revealed that topical ether application remarkably prolonged the recurrence interval. In this regard, ether application was effective in the treatment of recurrent herpes simplex.
MULTIPLE LARVAL TICK INFESTATION OF MAN
Authors: Fujiwara Kunihiko , Ono Tomomichi , Kawashima Kenjiro
Published: April 2015

A 53‐year‐old Japanese male forest officer suffered from pains which seemed to be insect bites. Examination revealed a patient with more than 10 pustule‐like lesions which subsequently proved to be larval A. testudinarium infestations. All the ticks were removed with a pair of forceps. The remaining erythematous lesions were treated with 0.25% hydrocortisone clotamiton ointment. Pains disappeared soon. A diagnosis of tick infestation should be made before the tick is removed, in order to prevent severe effects from allowing the mouth parts of the tick to remain, which occasionally results in inflammation and granulation tissue formation, and also to make a good preparation of the tick for correct identification.
AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF LIPID DROPLETS IN THE NORMAL HUMAN SEBACEOUS GLAND
Authors: Niizuma Kan
Published: April 2015

Lipid droplet ultrastructure in the normal human sebaceous gland was studied by the conventional method, the lipid retention procedure, and the tannic acid fixation method. The results strongly supported the views that (i) lipid droplets originate from the Golgi apparatus, and (ii) the lipid droplets do not mature by fusion of neighbouring droplets but as a result of direct participation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. (iii) A tri‐laminar true limiting membrane was clearly detected around all lipid droplets in certain exceptional acini, but was not otherwise detected in mature sebaceous acini.
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF INCONTINENTIA PIGMENTI ACHROMIANS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MELANOCYTES AND NERVE ENDINGS
Authors: Morohashi Masaaki , Maeda Tetsuo , Takahashi Shozo , Igarashi Ryoichi
Published: April 2015

Studies of a new Japanese case of incontinentia pigmenti achromians were made by electron microscopy.

At the periphery of the depigmented lesions, the melanocytes had several subcellular abnormalities; i.e., vacuolization of the cytoplasm, aggregation of melanosomes, and autophagic vacuoles.

Many non‐specific basal dendritic cells could be identified as non‐pigment producing melanocytes. The depigmentation in this disease seemed to have been caused by both melanocyte degeneration and inactivation.

Numerous nerve endings were seen in close contact with the basal lamina of the epidermis or even within the epidermis.

Direct contacts between melanocytes and free nerve endings were presumed when a direct continuity between the Schwann cell basal lamina of the nerve ending and the basal lamina of melanocytes was observed.

It was further observed in this study that nerve endings could be found associated with either normal or degenerated melanocytes. Apparently normal melanocytes in the lesion may not be entirely normal in function.
ATYPICAL FIBROXANTHOMA OF THE SKIN A HISTOLOGICAL AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY
Authors: Mihara Motoyuki , Kanbe Naoto , Shimao Shuhei , Nakakuki Shigeya
Published: April 2015

A histological and electron microscopic case study of an atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) of the skin was reported. The lesion developed on the left lower limb of a 23‐year‐old woman. Histologically, the lesion showed three zonal arrangements: spotty, small necrotic foci filled with erythrocytes in the central zone, pleomorphic and atypical cells in the intermediate zone; and interlacing collagenous bundles with storiform patterns in the peripheral zone. Tumor cells identified by electron microscopy were divided into undifferentiated mesenchymal, fibroblast‐like, histiocyte‐like and xanthoma cells. This suggested, histogenetically, that tumor cells of AFX of the skin may be fibrohistiocytic in nature. Furthermore, lipid droplets in xanthoma cells were classified into two types: smooth, oval or round shapes without a limiting membrane; irregular shapes with a limiting membrane.
Km OF TYROSINASE IN MICROSOMES IS HIGHER THAN THAT IN MELANOSOMES
Authors: Tomita Yasushi , Hariu Akiko , Mizuno Chikako , Seiji Makoto
Published: April 2015

Km values of tyrosinase solubilized from melanosomes and microsomes from Harding‐Passey mouse melanomas, consisting of rough and smooth surface membranes were found to be 0.6 mM and 1.3 mM, respectively. The maximum reaction velocities of the two enzymes from the melanosomes and microsomes were similar. In comparison with the tyrosine level in human plasma, reported to be approximately 0.06 mM, the Km value for microsomal tyrosinase is very high. Therefore it is likely that the tyrosinase reaction occurs at a extremely low level in the smooth and rough membranes of the melanocyte. This may be one possible reason why melanin formation does not take place in vivo in rough and smooth surface membranes in the melanocytes, despite the fact that tyrosinase activity has been detected in microsomes in vitro after isolation from melanoma tissue.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE SENSITIVITY OF MOUSE DORSAL ROOT GANGLION AND CEREBELLUM TO HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS IN VITRO
Authors: Matsubara Motoo , Ueda Keiichi , Yasuno Hirokazu , Maruo Michiru , Yoshioka Akira
Published: April 2015

To study the effect of Herpes simplex virus (HSV) on nervous tissue, we examined (1) the possibility of establishment of latent infection in vitro, (2) the replication of HSV in mouse dorsal root ganglion and cerebellar cultures and (3) the effect of anti‐HSV rabbit serum on the maintenance of both cultures. Although both cultures without antibody were finally destroyed after inoculation, replication of HSV in cerebellar cultures was much higher than in the ganglion in both medium and tissue (P<0.005). Infected cultures treated with anti‐HSV antibody (CF: ×128) could survive longer in nerve cells of ganglion than in those of cerebellum.

These results suggest that the ganglion can resist HSV infection and this makes latent infection possible.
POSTIRRADIATION MALIGNANT FIBROUS HISTIOCYTOMA
Authors: Okazaki Michiharu , Inoue Shouhei , Ogata Katsumi , Narita Hiromi
Published: April 2015

A fatal case of postirradiation malignant fibrous histiocytoma was reported, with a review of postirradiation sarcoma in the Japanese literature.
PENETRATION OF TOPICAL CORTICOSTEROIDS THROUGH HUMAN EPIDERMIS
Authors: Osamura Hiromi
Published: April 2015

The penetration of hydrocortisone, hydrocortisone 17‐butyrate 21‐propionate, betamethasone, betamethasone 17‐valerate, and clobetasol 17‐propionate through separated human epidermis was compared. The amount of each topical corticosteroid which was released on the skin and penetrated to saline was greater in ethanol solution than propylene glycol solution. The addition of water to the ethanol increased the release of some corticosteroids. The lipid solubility of each corticosteroid correlated well with skin penetration; however, the polarity of each corticosteroid was inversely proportional to skin penetration. The results of the blanching phenomenon caused by the application of these corticosteroids and of their skin penetration suggested to us that the local pharmacological activity of each topical corticosteroid, rather than their skin penetration, related well to their clinical effectiveness.
SECRETORY IgA IN SKIN AND THE ADJACENT MUCOUS MEMBRANES
Authors: Kaneko Fumio , Kawagishi Ikuro , Miura Yusho , Kobayashi Kunihiko
Published: April 2015

The distribution of secretory IgA [sIgA] components (IgA, secretory component [SC] and J‐chain) was investigated in normal skin, pathological skin, and the mucous membrane immunofluorescently.

In three of fifteen normal skin samples, very weak deposits of sIgA‐components were detected at the upper portion of the epidermis and SC was found weakly at the dermo‐epidermal (D‐E) junction. Normal mucous membrane from the lip, the oral cavity, and the glans penis showed the presence of sIgA components in the upper, vacuolated epithelial cells. In one of three specimens from the oral cavity, deposition of SC was found weakly at the proprial‐epithelial (P‐E) junction. IgA‐bearing cells were detected in the proprial layer. In the pathological skin showing epidermal involvement, marked visible deposits of SC were found at the D‐E junction and also around dilated vessels in the dermal papillae. In aphthous lesions of the oral cavity, SC was located at the P‐E junction. SIgA components were detectable in the stratum corneum of these skin diseases and on the surface of involved mucosae.

These findings may suggest that sIgA is concerned with the surface immunological defence system of the skin and mucous membranes.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DEMONSTRATION OF POLY(ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE‐RIBOSE) SYNTHESIS IN HUMAN SKIN
Authors: Ikai Kouichi , Danno Kiichiro , Imamura Sadao , Ueda Kunihiro
Published: April 2015

The distribution of poly(adenosine diphosphate‐ribose) [poly(ADP‐ribose)] synthesis in human skin was investigated by an indirect immunofluorescence technique using a specific antibody against poly(ADP‐ribose). In normal skin, the specific immunofluorescence of poly(ADP‐ribose) was observed in nuclei of not only epidermal cells but also cells in the dermis, including the hair follicle and sweat gland. Preincubation of tissue sections with NAD, a substrate for poly(ADP‐ribose) synthesis, intensified the immunofluorescence of poly(ADP‐ribose). Nuclear immunofluorescence was prominent in the lower and middle layers of the epidermis and became weaker in the upper layers in parallel with the disappearance of the nuclei, especially in tissues untreated with NAD.

The immunostaining pattern of poly(ADP‐ribose) synthesis in psoriatic epidermis was similar to that of normal skin except that fluorescence was observed in nuclei of the parakeratotic horny layer.

In affected cancerous skin, immunofluorescence of poly(ADP‐ribose) was weak in nuclei of cells in the inner layers of horn pearl of well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, although fluorescence was prominent in the outer layer cells of horn pearl. In contrast, tumor cells of both malignant melanoma and basal cell epithelioma exhibited the nuclear immunofluorescence of poly(ADP‐ribose) synthesis. These results suggest that the capacity for synthesizing poly(ADP‐ribose) may be related to the differentiation of epidermal cells.
SENSITIZATION POTENCY OF SOME PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS
Authors: Itoh Masatoshi
Published: April 2015

Skin irritability and sensitization potency of 14 phenolic compounds were studied on guinea pigs. When 10% preparations of each compound were used for induction, and 1% preparations were used for the challenge, the sensitization frequencies were 80% for isoeugenol and isosafro eugenol, 67% for isohomogenol, 40% for acetyl isoeugenol, 20% for eugenol, and 5% for dihydro eugenol. No animals were sensitized by methyl eugenol, acetyl eugenol, methyl isoeugenol or benzyl isoeugenol. The sensitization frequency was 80% for catechol, 89% for guaethol, 14% for p‐n‐propyl phenol, and 0% for phenol.

The frequency of positive allergic reactions to patch tests on patients with cosmetic dermatitis was 2.6% for eugenol and 5.2% for isoeugenol. The frequency of cross reactions on patients sensitive to isoeugenol was also studied.

The relationship between chemical structures and sensitization potencies as well as other factors influencing the results of patch tests on patients are discussed.
CELL KINETIC STUDIES OF THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS KINDS OF CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS ON A HUMAN MELANOMA CELL LINE (SEKI, II)
Authors: Shimada Shinji , Kawashima Makoto , Watanabe Shinichi , Yamada Kiyoshi , Mizoguchi Masako , Hori Yoshiaki , Kukita Atsushi
Published: April 2015

The cell cycle phase distribution of a human malignant melanoma cell line (SEKI, II) exposed to various chemotherapeutic agents was investigated by flow‐cytometry. The accumulation effect on the radiosensitive G2 and M phases was nearly 100% in the vincristine 0.1 μg/ml group, 75.2% in the ACNU 5 μg/ml group, and 53.1 % in the pepleomycin 1 μg/ml group, respectively. The groups treated with adriamycin (1 μg/ml and 10 μg/ml) or prednisolone (10 μg/ml) were not significantly different from the control group. It is suggested that vincristine, ACNU and pepleomycin may be useful for synchronization radiation therapy.
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF AN ATROPHIC TYPE OF SENILE KERATOSIS
Authors: Kimura Shunji
Published: April 2015

Three cases of an atrophic type of senile keratosis were examined by electron microscopy. All three cases showed similar changes, although some variability from case to case was observed. Lesional epidermis showed remarkable widening of the intercellular spaces with a decrease in the number of desmosomes and detachment of desmosomal connections. Formation of intracytoplasmic vacuoles was also prominent. These changes were localized mainly in the lower part of the epidermis, while the upper epidermis was relatively intact. Discontinuity and multiplication of the epidermal basal lamina were sometimes observed. From these findings, it is concluded that this atrophic type of senile keratosis is characterized by ‘déhiscence cellulaire' with minimal dyskeratosis, although it can properly be regarded as an epidermal precancerous condition.
BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF HAIR GROWTH FROM THE ASPECTS OF AGING AND ENZYME ACTIVITIES
Authors: Hattori Michihiro , Ogawa Hideoki
Published: April 2015

The dorsal resting hair of C3H mice was shaved, activating the hair into the anagen stage. Hair regrowth in mice of different ages (10–20 mice in each group), whose hair cycles were in the telogen stage, were compared after shaving. In both groups of mice, new hair growth was not uniform, but irregular on the shaved areas. Delay in hair regrowth increased as the mice became older (20 < 66 < 188 < 312 day old mice). Furthermore, eighteen 59 day‐old mice were used for biochemical analysis. Nine days after shaving, 30–50% of the shaved skin area was covered with new hair. After sacrifice, the dorsal skins were separated into hair re‐growing, non‐growing, and non‐shaved control areas. Several enzyme activities in the extracts from the above‐named areas were compared in terms of “per g of wet weight tissue”, “per mg DNA” and “per mg of soluble protein”. The activities of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), transglutaminase (TGase) and alkaline phosphatase (Al‐P) were remarkably high in the extract from the hair re‐growing area as compared with that from the non‐growing area. Comparison of the activities of the follicle‐rich fractions from the hair re‐growing area to those of the non‐shaved area showed that ODC, TGase and Al‐P activities were increased.
ACQUIRED FIBROKERATOMA
Authors: Kikuchi Ichiro , Taketomi Isao
Published: April 2015

An acquired fibrokeratoma which had developed on the sole of the right foot of a woman over the past 37 years was removed surgically at the age of 55. It was shaped like a fleshy leaf. Histologically, it was characterized by a protrusion of the sole devoid of skin appendages.
IN VITRO STUDY OF CHLORPROMAZINE PHOTOSENSITIZATION: PHOTOINACTIVATION OF BACTERIOPHAGE RNA IN THE PRESENCE OF CHLORPROMAZINE
Authors: Matsuo Itsuro , Ohkido Muneo , Fujita Hitoshi , Kawano Katsumi , Suzuki Kenshi
Published: April 2015

Effects of chlorpromazine plus UVA‐illumination on RNA were studied in vitro. Chlorpromazine‐UVA treatment of RNA extracted from bacteriophages MS2 and Qβ reduced their infectivity to Escherichia coli spheroplasts. Extent of the inactivation was increased with increasing concentrations of chlorpromazine and with increasing fluence of UVA. In the light of our previous findings, chlorpromazine‐adduct to purine residues is suggested as a possible source of damage leading to the inactivation of RNA.
CUTANEOUS OXYGEN TENSION MEASUREMENTS IN PATIENTS WITH VARIOUS PERIPHERAL CIRCULATORY DISTURBANCES OF THE SKIN
Authors: Nishioka Kazue , Asagami Chidori , Okazaki Yasunori , Hisamoto Kazuo , Uchiday Hiroshi
Published: April 2015

Cutaneous oxygen tension (cutaneous pO2) was measured in 59 healthy controls and 58 patients with peripheral circulatory disturbances including 18 with progressive systemic sclerosis, 5 with stasis dermatitis with ulcer, 22 with arteriosclerosis obliterans, and 13 with thromboangiitis obliterans.

In the control group, the mean value ± SD of cutaneous pO2 was 82 ± 10 mmHg on the forearm, 79 ± 10 mmHg on the subclavicular region, 81 + 11 mmHg on the leg, 75 ± 11 mmHg on the dorsum of the hand and 70 ± 9 mmHg on the dorsum of the foot. There was an inverse correlation between cutaneous pO2 values on the forearm and increase in age, and a significant correlation between cutaneous pO2 values on the forearm and femoral arterial oxygen tension (PaO2).

In all of the patient groups, cutaneous pO2 measured at affected sites was significantly lower than in the control group.

These cutaneous pO2 values reflect the amount of O2 available for diffusion to the skin surface; thus cutaneous pO2 measurement is useful as a quantitative evaluation of cutaneous circulation.
SDS‐PAGE ANALYSIS OF WHOLE AND FRACTIONATED PSORIATIC EPIDERMIS
Authors: Kato Naoko , Umeda Katsuko , Iizuka Hajime , Aoyagi Takashi , Miura Yusho
Published: April 2015

The SDS‐PAGE patterns of keratinous proteins extracted from whole epidermis and fractionated epidermal cells were studied. Those from the whole and fractionated epidermal cells of psoriatic involved skin showed an extra 58,000 dalton polypeptide in addition to the four major polypeptides (M.W.: 67,000, 63,000, 59,000 and 55,000) which were demonstrated to be common to normal epidermis and psoriatic‐uninvolved epidermis. The stratum corneum of psoriatic involved skin did not contain a 67,000 dalton polypeptide which was present in the stratum corneum of normal and psoriatic uninvolved skin.

The presence of the additional 58,000 dalton polypeptide may be due to abnormal synthesis of keratin proteins in the psoriatic epidermis, since this additional polypeptide was present in the lower living layers of the psoriatic epidermis as well. On the other hand, the absence of the 67,000 dalton polypeptide in the psoriatic stratum corneum may be due to enzymatic modifications during the transition from the living cell layers to the horny layer.
THE EFFECTS OF POTENT TOPICAL CORTICOSTEROIDS ON ADRENOCORTICAL FUNCTION
Authors: Aso Miki
Published: April 2015

Forty‐eight patients were treated using nine potent corticosteroid ointments administered by simple application and their adrenocortical function was examined during treatment. Adrenocortical function was not suppressed by beclomethasone dipropionate, betamethasone valerate, or fluocinonide; was moderately suppressed by diflucortolone valerate, budesonide, and halcinonide; and was markedly suppressed by clobetasol propionate, desoximetasone, and diflorasone diacetate.

The dose relationship between topically applied clobetasol propionate ointment and orally administered betamethasone on adrenocortical suppression was also studied. The results suggest that excessive application of very strong topical corticosteroids has much the same effects as systemic administration of small doses of corticosteroids.
COEXISTENCE OF LINEAR IGA DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS AND SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
Authors: Thaipisuttikul Yupin , Piamphongsant Thada , Suwanwela Nibha
Published: April 2015

A vesiculobullous eruption of dermatitis herpetiformis and systemic lupus erythematosus developing simultaneously in a 26 year old woman is described. The lesions were characterized by pruritic urticarial vesicles, eosinophilic and neutrophilic abscesses, and the presence of the linear type of IgA deposition at the basement membrane zone. These lesions respond to dapsone, although high dosages of prednisone and cyclophosphamide were not effective.
BEHÇET'S DISEASE LEUCOCYTE INHIBITORY FACTOR (LIF) IN RESPONSE TO SKIN EXTRACT
Authors: GILHAR A. , HAIM S. , WOLF V. , GOLAN D.
Published: April 2015

This is a study of leucocyte inhibitory factor (LIF) in patients with Behçet's disease using an extract from a reactive (pathergic) lesion as an antigen and, as a control, an extract from normal skin of a normal subject. The purpose is to search for the possible existence of an antigen in the skin that may explain the development of this reactive lesion following a trivial trauma.

The LIF was tested in 9 patients with the disease; in 7 both during remission and exacerbation of symptoms, and in 9 healthy matched controls. The results failed to indicate any existence of an antigen in the skin of the tested patients.
NAIL CANDIDIASIS
Authors: Watanabe Shin'Ichi , Seki Yoshihito , Shimozuma Michiro , Takizawa Kiyohiro
Published: April 2015

Onychomycosis caused by Candida is often accompanied by paronychia. Not only the morbid changes in the nailplate caused by the true parasitism by Candida but also the secondary changes in the nail due to candidial paronychia are sometimes handled as though they were candidial onychia.

Onychomycosis caused by candidial infection, i.e., nail candidiasis, is entirely different in its pathogenetic respects from the secondary ungual changes due to candidial paronychia. The reason why both are classified together as candidial onychia appears attributable to the ambiguous characterization of their clinical and pathological features.

We therefore undertook a statistical analysis of 765 cases of candidiasis who visited the Dermatological Department of Tokyo University Hospital during the period from 1969 to 1980. Of these, 25 cases of nail candidiasis (primary onychia) were sorted out, followed by clinical and pathological examinations.

The results showed that nail candidiasis appeared in 14.3% of the candidial paronychia and onychia cases, and no significant differences from candidial paronychia were attributable to age or sex. On the other hand, it was found that nail candidiasis was clinically characterized by subungual hyperkeratosis, while the fungal element appeared histopathologically in the lower part of the nailplate, taking an abnormal parasitic form similar to that in dermatophytes.

The pathogen causing nail candidiasis was Candida albicans and was resistant to various therapies. The only effective therapy was oral administration of Ketoconazole.

Nail candidiasis is often accompanied by underlying diseases like SLE which result in cellular immunodeficiency. While chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis occurs with a background of congenital cellular immunodeficiency to Candida, nail candidiasis appears to have an acquired immunodeficiency as the background.

In short, nail candidiasis can be interpreted as a candidiasis which occurs when the host/parasite relations are disturbed. In this sense, it appears that nail candidiasis can be regarded as a dermadrome which reflects cellular immunodeficiency of host.
INTRALESIONAL HUMAN FIBROBLAST INTERFERON IN COMMON WARTS
Authors: Niimura Michihito
Published: April 2015

In a double‐blind trial, patients with bilateral common warts of the extremities were treated at weekly intervals with intralesional injections of either human fibroblast interferon or placebo. More than 81% of the interferon‐treated extremities were either cured or responded effectively to therapy. Only 17% of the placebo‐treated lesions responded in this fashion. A statistical analysis of these data confirms the effectiveness of intralesional interferon therapy. No adverse effects were observed.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL LOCALIZATION OF 2,4‐DINITROPHENYL GROUPS ON DRAINING LYMPH NODE CELLS OF GUINEA PIGS FOLLOWING SKIN PAINTING WITH 2,4‐DINITROCHLOROBENZENE
Authors: Nakaye Masako , Nakagawa Shojiro , Ueki Hiroaki , Kumon Hiromi , Ohmori Hiroyuki
Published: April 2015

The distribution of DNP groups on cells taken from draining lymph nodes of guinea pigs 12 hours after painting the skin with DNCB was examined by scanning immunoelectron microscopy using antibody directed against DNP groups with bacteriophage T4 as a visual marker. The studies showed that DNP groups were distributed on the surface of the cells, demonstrating some differences in distribution pattern among the cells. The incidence of cells on which DNP groups were detected was approximately 60% in the normal animals, higher than that detected by a previous immunofluorescent study. The incidence was markedly reduced to approximately 3% by pretreatment with tolerogen, DNBSO3Na. DNP groups were detected on the surface of the cells forming both rabbit red cell rosettes and complement coated red cell rosettes. It is suggested that DNCB penetrates through the skin into the lymphatics carrying lymph from the painted site and combines with cell membrane components in the peripheral lymphoid system.
CHARACTERIZATION OF RIBOSOMAL PROTEINS FROM STAPHYLOCOCCUS AND MICROCOCCUS BY TWO‐DIMENSIONAL GEL ELECTROPHORESIS
Authors: Dekio Satoshi , Jidoi Joji
Published: April 2015

The proteins of 70S ribosomes from Staphylococcus aureus Smith (diffuse), Staphylococcus epidermidis IAM 12012, and Micrococcus luteus (lysodeikticus) IFO 3333 were analyzed by two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Although the electrophoregram of the ribosomal proteins from Staphylococcus aureus was completely identical to that from Staphylococcus epidermidis, it was very different from the electrophoregram from Micrococcus luteus. These results are considered to indicate that Staphylococcus is phylogenetically very different from Micrococcus.
TWO CASES OF NEVUS FUSCOCAERULEUS WITH PAIN, INCLUDING A CASE OF PILAR NEUROCRISTIC HAMARTOMA
Authors: Kikuchi Ichiro , Inoue Shouhei , Taketomi Isao , Ono Tomomichi
Published: April 2015

Two patients with nevus fuscocaeruleus over the back and simultaneous pain were reported. Although the significance of this association remains to be clarified, it is interesting because the dermal melanocytes and nerves are of neuroectodermal origin. Histology of one case revealed findings consistent with those of pilar neurocristic hamartoma (1). Electron microscopy revealed dermal melanocytes in the neighborhood of a nerve. Photographic studies confirmed Morikawa's view (2) that the location of melanin may be examined by reflection ultraviolet photography, conventional photography, and infrared photography.
EFFECTS OF BETAMETHASONE 17 VALERATE ON THE CYCLIC AMP SYSTEM OF THE PIG SKIN EPIDERMIS
Authors: Ishizawa Hideaki , Iizuka Hajime , Kajita Satoshi , Ohkawara Akira
Published: April 2015

It has been reported that hydrocortisone had a protective effect on beta‐adrenergic adenylate cyclase system of the pig epidermis during in vitro long term incubation. Using the same experimental system, the effects of another glucocorticoid, betamethasone 17 valerate were investigated. In short term experiments (5 min incubation time), betamethasone had no effect on the cyclic AMP accumulation of the epidermis. When skin slices were incubated with this compound for 48 hours, the response of the skin to epinephrine was preserved and showed a greater accumulation of cyclic AMP in betamethasone‐treated skin than in the control. This effect was observed at concentrations greater than 0.001 μM of betamethasone, with the maximal accumulation of cyclic AMP at 0.1 μM. Neither histamine responsiveness nor cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activities (low and high Km enzymes) were altered by the betamethasone treatment. Thus, betamethasone showed a protective effect against the beta‐adrenergic adenylate cyclase system similar to that of hydrocortisone in much lower concentrations.

These effects of glucocorticoids would be the essential pharmacological action of this type of hormone on epidermis, and glucocorticoids might reveal their biological activity through the cyclic AMP system of the skin.