bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kontribusi Pemikiran Egbert Schuurman mengenai Permasalahan dan Solusi Teknologi Modern
Authors: Jonathan Adrian
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT:In the modern technological world, human is constantly relating with technology, be it as a user or as a part of technological production mechanism. But what is technology, what kind of value that technology brings, and how should one response to technology? Does technology brings good, bad or neutral? These are the questions that we need to answer as we live in a technological world. In the philosophy of technology, there is one thinker, who represents the school of Reformational Philosophy, named Egbert Schuurman. In the midst of two kinds of reaction towards technology (optimistic and pessimistic) Schuurman proposes a Liberating Perspective as the third option. This perspective is aware of the deep influence of human sinfulness in technological development. However, it also considers the beauty of creational design and Christâ€™s redeeming power for technological development. In this article, the writer would like to observe Schuurmanâ€™s thoughts regarding this Liberating Perspective as a considerable solution to the problems of modern technological life. KEY WORDS: technology, modern, society, reformational philosophy, liberating perspectives, responsible ethics
Universalisme Paulus Menurut Alain Badiou: Uraian dan Tantangan
Authors: Runesi Yasintus T.
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT:Â When people believe that social particularities raise plurality of views in the contemporary society, Badiou introduces the idea of the universality of the singular subject with the aim of overcoming the so-called global village without solidarity. This article is a description of Badious thought, which is included in the line of thinkers which moves "small boat of thought" to the subject and the subjectivity of human. In the first section, I will outline Badious view about the problem of homogenization, followed by his view of Christianity as an event, which will lead us to his view on the universal singularity that is rooted in the proclamation of St. Paul. At the end, I will propose a critical note on his views in comparison with some philosophers who also spoke about St. Paul. This paper will be closed with a conclusion on the significance of Badious thought, in the context of contemporary society's pluralism, especially in Indonesia.Â KEYWORDS:Â Badiou,Â St. Paul,Â universality,Â singular subject,Â pluralism.
Kasus Pernikahan Sejenis dalam Perspektif Hukum Moral John Calvin
Authors: Ginting Imelda
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT:Â This article will firstly discuss in brief about the fact of the LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender), situational ethics as its foundation for justification, and the community which fights for the legalization of the same-sex marriage. In this section, I will explain on the foundation which is used for justification of same-sex marriages legalization. After that, I will give a review on John Calvins moral law to assess whether the foundation which is used for that justification is appropriate. The finding of this article is that same-sex marriages legalization does not have an appropriate foundation according to Calvins moral law. Therefore, this cannot be accepted by the church.Â KEYWORDS:Â same-sex marriage, moral law, John Calvin.
Islam, Radikalisme dan Deradikalisasi Berbasis Pancasila
Authors: Arif Syaiful
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT: Religious radicalism (Islam) developed the theological thought to counter-Pancasila and the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI), it can be fought and softened with Pancasila itself. This is due to the fact that the cause of such radicalism is a misunderstanding to the Pancasila and its political system. Pancasila is regarded as a secular political ideology, whereas it actually cared pattern for the relationship between religion and state that upholds the values of divinity on the one side, and the public virtue on the other side. Deradizalisation of religion based on Pancasila can be applied with two strategies. First, proving the existence of religious dimension of Pancasila and Republic of Indonesia to undermine the secular claims from the radical groups. Second, learning the nature of politics which contained in Pancasila. These nature of politics are more in line with the political ideals of Islam, rather than the ideology of Islamism which tends to the violent.Â KEYWORDS:Â Islam, radicalism, deradicalization, Pancasila.
Evaluasi terhadap Peraturan Bersama Menteri Tahun 2006 tentang Pendirian Rumah Ibadah
Authors: Hutabarat Binsar Antoni
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT:Â This article with a title Evaluation to the Joint Regulation of Ministers in 2006 about the Establishment of a House of Worship will focus on the evaluation of the formulation of the Joint Regulation of Ministers in 2006 about the Establishment of a House of Worship (Peraturan Bersama Menteri PBM), as well as the evaluation of the application and impact of the enacted regulation. The research methodology uses qualitative research with an in-depth interview to some church leaders in Bekasi, West Java, who are directly connected with the enactment of this regulation, and also research to the related documents with the PBM, especially the policy wich founded the PBM. The research finding is the formulation of the Joint Regulation of Ministers about the Establishment of a House of Worship has not yet fitted with the formulation policy model of a democratic country so that its application is not in accordance with the expected goal. PBM application gives negative impact to the inter-religious harmony in Indonesia. KEYWORDS: regulation of the esthablisment of a house of worship, freedom of worship, policy evaluation
Kembalinya Tradisi: Rasionalitas dan Etika Komunitarian Alasdair MacIntyre
Authors: Mudzakkir Amin
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT: This paper will discuss rationality and ethics in the thought of Alasdair MacIntyre. Like other communitarian thinkers, tradition is the key word in his thinking. MacIntyre's rationality and ethics are tradition-based rationality and ethics. The return of tradition in the debate of rationality and ethics is a critique of the Enlightenment project which assumes that tradition is irrational. But MacIntyre also disagrees with the post-enlightenment argument with a relativist and perspective tendency. However the rationality and ethics proposed by MacIntyre still has a certain principle of objectivity. Used in contemporary realities, including in Indonesia, Alasdair Macintyre's thought is useful for understanding political identity critically. KEYWORDS: rationality, ethics, traditions, communiatrian, Alasdair MacintyreÂ
Ambiguitas dan Diferensiasi Agama dan Negara di Indonesia
Authors: Hutabarat Binsar Antoni
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT:This article entitled, The Ambiguity of the Differentiation between Religion and Nation in Indonesia focuses on discussing how the relationship between religion and nation is not subduing one another. First of all, it is discussed about the latest research on the relationship between religion and nation, and its theoretical basis as the foundation, then the theory of differentiation between religion and nation also discussed as the best middle way of the relationship between religion and nation that is not subduing one another. After that, it is also discussed about the concept of differentiation between religion and nation according to Pancasila, and the ambiguity happened towards the policy of differentiation between religion and nation in Indonesia. In this writing, it is found that the differentiation between religion and nation according to Pancasila has a strong theoretical basis and relevant in Indonesian context. It is only that the impact of the ambiguity of differentiation still causes discriminative action to certain religion.Â KEYWORDS:ambiguity, differentiation, religion and nation, Pancasila
Toleransi Pascakonflik di Tobelo
Authors: Panjaitan H. Hans
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT: This article on "Tolerance of Interfaith Conflict in Tobelo" will measure the level of religious tolerance in Tobelo District to see the current state of religious tolerance in Tobelo. This study was conducted in the form of a survey of high school students in Tobelo District. Tobelo student's opinion can be a gauge to see the level of religious tolerance in Tobelo. The findings of this research are: high levels of interreligious tolerance in Tobelo, but based on data on integration surveys among community groups that have been involved in the conflict must still be improved to foster mutual trust among different religious groups. Therefore, the research recommendation is that local governments should continue to foster the spirit and spirit of tolerance among religious followers by, for example, building diverse communities of religions, especially within the scope of education.KEYWORDS: tolerance, conflict, religion, tolerance education, TobeloABSTRAK: Artikel "Toleransi Pascakonflik Antaragama di Tobelo" ini akan mengukur tingkat toleransi beragama di Kabupaten Tobelo untuk melihat kondisi terkini terkait tingkat toleransi beragama di Tobelo. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam bentuk survei terhadap siswa sekolah menengah atas di Kabupaten Tobelo. Pendapat siswa Tobelo dapat menjadi alat ukur untuk melihat tingkat toleransi beragama di Tobelo. Temuan penelitian ini adalah: tingkat toleransi antaragama di Tobelo tinggi, namun berdasarkan data survei integrasi antar-kelompok masyarakat yang pernah terlibat konflik itu masih harus ditingkatkan untuk menumbuhkan rasa saling percaya antar-kelompok masyarakat yang berbeda agama. Karena itu saran penelitian ini adalah pemerintah daerah sepatutnya terus menumbuhkan jiwa dan semangat toleransi di antara pemeluk agama dengan misalnya, membangun komunitas-komunitas beragam agama, khususnya dalam lingkup pendidikan.KATA-KATA KUNCI: toleransi, konflik, agama, pendidikan toleransi, Tobelo
Konsumerisme: "Penjara" Baru Hakikat Manusia?
Authors: Putra Andreas Maurenis
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT: Consuming goods for the necessities of life is a natural thing. However, consuming that exceeds the limit until wasting should be avoided. The dilemma of human needs today presents a new phenomenon in terms of fulfilling the necessities of life. This phenomenon is none other than-widely known by society- consumerism. The process is to use goods of production in excess or inappropriate manner consciously and sustainably. So, this phenomenon (consumerism) continues to be one of the central themes in this era of globalization. Unfortunately, the ferocity of this ideological influence ostracizes the fundamental values that exist within each individual. Consumerism eliminates the significance of the basic essence that exists in man. Humans who should remember the nature of themselves as social beings who are always connected to one another in this cosmos are now slowly losing that meaning. With the mindset and lifestyle of consumptive, human as if imprisoned and alienated. Quality of life is no longer measured based on the value of meaningfulness for others and the environment but measured by materials. This consequence becomes a fundamental crisis which is humans essence degradation. KEYWORDS: Consumerism, Identity, Behaviour, Imprisoned, Awarness, Social Person,Religious Person, Threatment, Simplicity
Embarazo no planeado: impacto de los factores socioculturales y emocionales de la adolescente, 2017
Authors: Maque Ponce Mary Luisa , Córdova Ruíz Ruth Lida , Soto Rueda Ana María , Ramos García Jessye Mirtha , Rocano Rojas León
Published: February 2019

La investigación se realizó con el objetivo de analizar los factores socioculturales y emocionales que sugieren el impacto de un embarazo no planeado en las adolescentes. Con un tipo de estudio descriptivo y una muestra de 17 adolescentes embarazadas, se utilizó un cuestionario con preguntas de respuestas libres, derivadas o conducidas por una entrevista a profundidad para interpretar las razones por las cuales las adolescentes señalan haber quedado embarazadas sin haberlo planeado, e identificar las categorías de los factores ligados a estas razones. Los resultados muestran a la categoría emocional expresada por la separación de los padres, la ausencia de la figura paterna, el fallecimiento de ambos padres, la crianza por un pariente cercano y el cambio de sus emociones de tristeza por la posibilidad de un aborto provocado y la felicidad en la continuidad del embarazo. La categoría social señala que las adolescentes inician sus relaciones sexuales sin presión. Finalmente, se reconoció en la categoría cultural que las adolescentes tuvieron un complicado acceso a la información sobre el uso de métodos anticonceptivos; asimismo, no son conscientes de la importancia del control prenatal, ocultando el embarazo más allá del tercer mes. Se concluye que estos factores tienen un impacto en el embarazo no planeado de las adolescentes.
FORMATION OF AN INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO ADEQUATE FOR STOCHASTICITY OF PROFIT POSSIBILITIES
Authors: Rutkauskas Aleksandras Vytautas , Stankevičienė Jelena
Published: February 2019

The paper deals with the conception of integrated bank assets and liabilities portfolio adequate to stochastic nature of assets profitability and liabilities expenditures. Two interconnected situations are considered. Firstly, the principles of construction of an investment portfolio, adequate to stochastic nature of an investment yield arc considered. Further, the idea of consideration and optimal selection of integrated assets and liabilities portfolio is considered. These problems are solved on the basis of the authors’ idea of investment portfolio adequate for stochastic nature of investment portfolio and the numerical solution of such problems, which is briefly presented.
THE INTERNATIONALIZATION PROCESS OF THE LARGEST BALTIC CORPORATIONS
Authors: Liuhto Kari , Jumpponen Jari
Published: February 2019

A relatively high percentage of Baltic corporations have already started their operations abroad, over 40% of the companies studied. It is surprising that the approaching EU membership docs not seem to be the driving force of the Baltic corporations’ internationalization, though the EU is clearly the major export destination. The empirical evidence shows that the operations of the Baltic companies in foreign markets, have concentrated on the ex‐CMEA countries, especially on the former USSR. The empirical data indicates that most of the operations abroad are related to marketing, such as the foundation of their own representative office or their own sales unit in a foreign market.
THE RUSSIAN OIL EXPORTS VIA THE BALTIC SEA - DO OIL SHIPMENTS THROUGH THE EU'S INNER SEA BRING RUSSIA CLOSER TO THE EU OR BRING THEM APART?
Authors: Liuhto Kari
Published: February 2019

The paper deals with Russian oil exports policy. Russia's oil reserves, oil production and main export routs have been scrutinized and evaluated.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT IN LITHUANIA: NEW TENDENCIES AND PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Paliulis Narimantas , Elskytė Vida , Merkevičius Juozas , Trasauskas Edmundas
Published: February 2019

The goal of this study is to analyse processes which effect Lithuania's economical and political development, to present various expert opinions, describe tendencies and advantages of the information technologies (IT) integration in to Lithuania's daily life.

Recently started development of information society is the source of different contradictions and opinions, so these opinions are presented. To better understanding of present processes in Lithuania and forecast future trends we shortly introduced progress of IT in Lithuania. The factors which will stimulate development of IT in Lithuania are also described. The IT integration processes in to separate business and social fields such as Education, Economics (Transport and communication, Electronic and electrical engineering, Chemical industry etc.), Government activity are analysed in this article. The suggestions on Lithuania's future development trends are proposed.
STOCK EXCHANGES OF BALTIC COUNTRIES: DEVELOPMENT AND PROSPECTIVES
Authors: Ginevičius Romualdas , Tvaronavičiene Manuela
Published: February 2019

The paper deals with Stock Exchanges of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. Authors tackle issues related with differences and peculiarities, activity and prospects of development of the Stock Exchanges. The main emphasis has been put on looking for the best solutions for effective functioning of Lihuanian Stock Exchange. Various variants of privatization have been considered.
ENTWICKLUNGSTENDENZEN UND ZUKUNFTSPERSPEKTIVEN NEUER MEDIEN IN DER BILDUNG
Authors: Blakowski Gerold
Published: February 2019

The usage of new media and learning types is a complex and dynamic field. Simple statements concerning the potential, efficiency and effectiveness of E‐Learning are often based on wrong and undifferentiated premises. These statements are discussed with regard to the different types of E‐Learning. It is pointed out that there is a need for communication and cooperation as it is supported in Tele‐Tutoring and Computer Supported Cooperative Learning. By using these types of learning in combination with blended learning, the full potential of learning with new media can be tapped.
LEBENSLANGES LERNEN ALS FOLGE SOZIO‐ÖKONOMISCHER TRENDS
Authors: Klotz Michael
Published: February 2019

Modern societies are faced with lifelong learning as an important challenge. Lifelong learning must be structured and its content must be defined. In order to do this the factors, which influence the need for lifelong learning must be known. These factors ‐ examples are globalization, new markets, new competition, the information society, and knowledge management ‐ will be presented in this article.
ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS AND ITS’ IMPACT ON RESTRUCTURING OF LITHUANIAN ECONOMY
Authors: Tvaronavičiene Manuela , Ginevičius Romualdas
Published: February 2019

The paper deals with foreign direct investments (FDI) in Lithuania. An issue of priority is to determine if inflow of foreign capital in all cases contributes sufficiently to development of national economy. Investigation of controversial impact of FDI on Lithuania is based on theories presented by concise review of the literature examining the role of FDI in transition economies. The detailed analysis of FDI directed to different sectors of Lithuanian economy let to determine cases when globalization retards economic development of host country.
OPTIMISATION OF GOVERNMENTAL DECISIONS
Authors: Uzulina Ginta
Published: February 2019

The report discusses the role of impact assessment and evaluation of governmental decisions. The main objective of report is to develop a statistical model for optimisation of the set of policy instruments. The Draft of Rural Development Plan is used as example in order to develop and test the statistical model for optimising the allocation and use of funds. The statistical model is developed like as a small software version for policy‐makers to evaluate critical decisions. The statistical decision making theory is used in seeking solutions to optimise the choice of governmental decisions. The functions of losses or gains are defined on the basis of statistical data in two levels ‐ macroeconomic level and microeconomic level. In the statistical model the principles of the subjective probability are also applied in the case of unreliable and unavailable information.
LERNEN UND KOMMUNIKATIVES HANDELN IM ZEITALTER DES INTERNET
Authors: Westphal Werner
Published: February 2019

The present paper focuses on different aspects of e‐learning. Differences between traditional learning processes on the basis of written texts and e‐learning on the basis of hypertext are discussed in this context. The main differences are to be found in the way of transportation and reception and the kind of presentation of information (multi‐medial). This, of course, has a lot of consequences for both people's socialization and the teaching process itself. Young people in particular need help to find effective ways of using the new possibilities of information transfer. Support should be provided by specially qualified tutors. One of the important conclusions is that e‐learning is a new challenge for studies in different fields as well as a challenge and chance for interdisciplinary cooperation.
APPLICATION OF CASE TEACHING TECHNIQUE IN EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
Authors: Tvaronavičiene Manuela , Ginevičius Romualdas
Published: February 2019

In the article a case study method, which is amply used at Harvard Business School in United State of America and also at European Business Schools characterized by top ratings, has been analyzed. A case study method, as teaching tool of business management students and executives, accomplishes and enriches conventional methods of teaching, such as lecturing, assigning of practical tasks, reading of specialty literature etc. Nevertheless, despite popularity of a case study method among prestigious Business Schools, various approaches to definition of a proper for teaching process case could be found, also different emphasizes on process of application of this teaching method have been put. The article deals with following issues: at first, characteristic features of case making it proper for teaching purposes have been considered; the second, detailed a case analysis’ methodic, which enabled to increase efficiency of teaching process of business management in universities, has been presented. The methodic has been drawn up having objective more expressed orientation of teaching process to application of theoretical frameworks to solving real issues in specific business situations and development of concrete business decisions and also to form skills how to predict and evaluate plausible outcomes of alternative decisions. Practical application of a case study method let to accelerate acquisition of practical skills of students and make them better prepared for searching successful business decisions.
VERBAL ANALYSIS OF THE INVESTMENT RISK IN CONSTRUCTION
Authors: Ustinovičius Leonas , Kochin Dmitry
Published: February 2019

Obtaining of reliable enough estimations of investment quality is a complex task, since there is no universal indicator of capital recovery probability. Classification is a very important aspect in decision making. This means the prescription of projects to the particular classes. Very often it is stated that classes in decision making are determined by the particular parameters, i.e. the efficiency of technical and technological decisions, credit value determination of the project, etc. This article presents a verbal method of determining investment risk in construction. The problem under consideration is investment assessment depending on the risk level. Formally the problem is stated as multicriteria classification one. A hierarchical approach to considered effectiveness indicators is proposed. The proof of effectiveness of the method is presented. A procedure of method application is described for a practical task.
CYP-RUS INVESTMENT FLOWS TO CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE ‐ RUSSIA'S DIRECT AND INDIRECT INVESTMENTS VIA CYPRUS TO CEE
Authors: Pelto Elina , Vahtra Peeter , Liuhto Kari
Published: February 2019

This paper deals with Russian investments to ten Eastern European EU candidate countries. Eastern European countries are an important destination for Russian OFDI, and the share of Russia in many CEEC's inward FDI stock is substantial. Russian investments to these countries are mostly connected to the internationalisation of Russian energy sector. Russian oil and gas giants have been actively investing to almost all eastern EU candidate countries. However, OFDI constitutes only a small part of Russian capital abroad, as it covers merely 10 % of the Russian capital flight. Cyprus has been an important landing place for Russian capital flight and is currently the biggest direct investor to Russian economy. Also the investment flow from (or via) Cyprus to other Eastern European countries is relatively big. Significant share of these Cypriot investments are considered to be of Russian origin. This paper tries to anticipate the effects of the legislative changes, due to Cyprus's EU accession in 2004, on the role of Cypriot offshore sector as a landing place for Russian capital.
CHANGES IN ESTONIAN ORGANIZATIONS FROM INSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Alas Ruth
Published: February 2019

During last decade Estonia has passed through its transition from the authoritarian, centralized, totalitarianism of state socialism, to the democratic country with a free market economy, with different attitudes and values. Estonian companies have been in continuous change process and remarcable part of these changes are deepest by scope ‐ transformational changes. Author proposes that the social phenomena such as organizational change can only be understood in relations to the wider contextual influences that surround them. Changes in Estonian companies could be explained by using institutional and historical context. Research in Estonian companies indicates, that during stable institutions developmental or transitional changes take place in organizations, during societal transience transformational changes occur in organizations.
FORECASTING THREATS TO THE BALTIC SEA REGION COOPERATION SECURITY IN THE PERIOD OF LITHUANIA INTEGRATING INTO NATO AND THE EU
Authors: Makštutis Antanas
Published: February 2019

The work deals with the global economic factors of the world that have an impact on the development of the country's economy and national market as well as on the regional cooperation security under the conditions of Lithuania's integration into NATO and the European Union (EU). Methodological principles of research of internal threats of the regional cooperation security, methodics and methods of their implementation are provided. Forecast is made of the tendencies of human activity efficiency in dependence upon which a description is given of the human life quality and the rational use of resources, the GDP changes and tendencies of competitiveness in the national, EU and world markets. The internal environment for the regional cooperation security in time and space is modelled.
ENTERPRISE BANKRUPTCY IN LITHUANIA
Authors: Garškiene Aldona , Garškaite Kristina
Published: February 2019

Since the re‐establishment of the independence, Lithuania has undergone major changes in the sphere of economy and had to re‐orientate it towards a new (economic) market system, to enter new markets, and to restructure the economy. The shift in business conditions has given rise to numerous upheavals, including the bankruptcy of enterprises, which had detrimental economic and social consequences (one of such evils was increasing unemployment). However, it is also necessary to point out the positive role of the bankruptcy, which is related to a growing competition in the contemporary market economy and the acceleration of changes allowing the best companies alone to survive on the market. A positive improvement in the legal basis of bankruptcy and restructuring leaves the hope that the number of bankrupt companies will decrease. Moreover, in order to reduce the bankruptcy risk, it is necessary to create a system of bankruptcy prevention.
INTERNATIONALISATION STRATEGY FOR EDUCATION IN THE 21ST CENTURY
Authors: Saee John
Published: February 2019

There has been a sea change in the world economy with perceived far‐reaching consequences on all aspects of human civilization. This dramatic transformation is largely precipitated by the phenomenon of globalization.

Baylis and Smith (1997) put forward the notion that globalization has accelerated the process of increasing interconnectedness between societies so much that events in one part of the world have more and more effect on peoples and societies far away. A globalized world, they argue, is one in which political, economic, cultural, and social events become more and more interconnected, and also one in which they have a wider impact.

It is a truism to state that globalization means different things to different people. For some, the term is entirely benign; it portrays a process that accelerates economic prosperity for the nations engaged in globalization. However, for others globalization is a plot by multinational companies, which want to exploit third‐world countries’ resources in terms of cheap labor and raw materials. At the same time, these multinational companies undermine national sovereignty of the third‐world countries due to their enormous economic and political powers (Saee, 2004).

In this research paper, an attempt is made to critically explore the drivers and the rationale behind the globalization that has also led educational institutions in most countries around the world to develop internationalization strategies for launching their degree offerings internationally. However, the focus of this research paper is on internationalization strategies by the Australian educational institutions that have important lessons for educational institutions of other countries interested in gaining an insight into internationalization strategies of Australian educational institutions.
ANALYSIS OF TYPICAL LITHUANIAN FEATURES IN THE CONTEXT OF ACCESSION TO THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: Šimanskiene Ligita
Published: February 2019

The work reviews the influence of cross‐cultural features in management in the context of globalization. The work analyses the particular characteristics of a national stereotype of a Lithuanian based on the survey of other authors. Several hypotheses have been suggested based on SPSS programmer during the survey. The research has corroborated that the correct reasoning of typical characteristic features of a Lithuanian depends on age, position, sex, while the hypothesis 4, asserting that the correct reasoning of typical characteristic features of a Lithuanian depends on education, hasn't been corroborated according to statistics and the variety of answers was due to different personal characteristics of respondents. Also the work analyses future forecasts for Lithuania in the European Union.
PRIVATIZATION OF PUBLIC ENTERPRISES IN NIGERIA: VALUATION ISSUES AND PROBLEMS
Authors: Tajudeen Aluko Bioye
Published: February 2019

Privatization of public enterprises is a rapidly growing phenomenon in developing countries. However, it requires a lot of policy decisions and careful planning, which depend on high‐quality accounting and valuation data. But, the major controversy which trailed the first phase of privatization programmes in Nigeria is the asset valuation methodology. This article therefore examines valuation issues and problems besetting divestiture of public enterprises in the country and offers suggestions toward improving upon the quality of asset valuation for privatization.
NEW VARIANT OF THE FIRM: A MARKET‐LIKE FORM
Authors: Kapás Judit
Published: February 2019

The paper is concerned with the issue of variants within a firm, the causes of their emergence and coexistence. A particular attention is paid to the New Economy's variant called market‐like form. It is contrasted with the M‐form firm that was dominated over the last century. Significant shift in physical technology is thought to be a major force driving the evolution process of a firm which is characterized by the emergence of new variants. The paper also analyzes how the character of the production technology determines which variant of the firm is the best suitable to a particular technology.
STATISTICAL VIEW TO DEVELOPMENT LITHUANIA: PROSPECTS OF COMPETITIVENESS IN THE ENLARGED EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: Ginevičius Romualdas
Published: February 2019

The aim of the paper is to present a statistical view to Lithuanian development tendencies and to highlight specific features of country's economic structure. Statistical approach grounded on theoretical elaborations of consistent patterns of transition countries’ development should lead to concretization of state economic policy in field of defining of development directions.
A Spectroscopic Analysis of the Hyades Cool Giants
Authors: Gray David F. , Martinez A.
Published: February 2019

High-resolution spectroscopic observations of the four cool giants in the Hyades cluster, taken at the Elginfield Observatory, are analyzed. The velocity of γ Tau between 2002 and 2009 is constant to a few m s−1; small variations, compatible with the planetary orbit, are seen for ε Tau. The primary-to-secondary mass ratio of θ
1 Tau is found to be 2.33 ± 0.07. Absolute radial velocities are determined for three of the giants from third-signature plots that correct for granulation blueshifts: 38,615 ± 50, 38,760 ± 100, and 38,570 ± 50 m s−1 for γ Tau, δ Tau, and ε Tau respectively. Line–depth ratios show that γ Tau is 33 ± 5 K, δ Tau is 53 ± 10 K, and θ
1 Tau is 30 ± 6 K hotter than ε Tau. Although the λ6253 line bisectors are similar for all four giants, there are significant differences in the line profiles. Fourier analysis of the profile shapes yields projected rotation rates of 2.1, 2.4, 2.8, and 2.8 km s−1 for γ Tau, δ Tau, ε Tau, and θ
1 Tau respectively, with an uncertainty of ±0.3 km s−1. The corresponding radial–tangential macroturbulence dispersions are 5.07, 5.66, 5.55, and 4.65 km s−1, with a uncertainty of ±0.10 km s−1. Scale factors for third-signature plots are close to unity, ±10%, implying that the granulation velocity gradient through their photospheres is similar to the Sun's. Bisector mapping returns flux differences between granules and lanes, with average granule-to-lane temperature differences ∼125 K.
Molecular-cloud-scale Chemical Composition. III. Constraints of Average Physical Properties through Chemical Models
Authors: Harada Nanase , Nishimura Yuri , Watanabe Yoshimasa , Yamamoto Satoshi , Aikawa Yuri , Sakai Nami , Shimonishi Takashi
Published: February 2019

It is important to understand the origin of molecular line intensities and chemical composition at the molecular-cloud scale in Galactic sources because it serves as a benchmark to compare with the chemical compositions of extragalactic sources. Recent observations of 3-mm spectra averaged over a 10 pc scale show similar spectral patterns among sources for molecular lines HCN, HCO+, CCH, HNC, HNCO, c-C3H2, CS, SO, N2H+, and CN. To constrain the average physical properties emitting such spectral patterns, we model molecular spectra using a time-dependent gas-grain chemical model followed by a radiative transfer calculation. We use a grid of physical parameters such as the density n = 3 × 102–3 × 104 cm−3, temperature, T = 10–30 K, visual extinction A
V = 2, 4, 10 mag, cosmic-ray ionization rate ζ = 10−17–10−16 s−1, and sulfur elemental abundance S/H = 8 ×10−8–8 × 10−7. A comparison with observations indicates that spectra are well reproduced with a relatively low density of n = (1–3) × 103 cm−3, T = 10 K, ζ = 10−17 s−1, and a short chemistry timescale of 105 yr. This short chemistry timescale may indicate that molecular clouds are constantly affected by turbulence, and exposed to low-density, low-A
V regions that “refresh” the chemical clock by UV radiation. The relatively low density obtained is orders of magnitude lower than the commonly quoted critical density in the optically thin case. This range of density is consistent with results from recent observational analysis of molecular-cloud-scale mapping.
The Interplay of the Solar Wind Core and Suprathermal Electrons: A Quasilinear Approach for Firehose Instability
Authors: Shaaban S. M. , Lazar M. , Yoon P. H. , Poedts S.
Published: February 2019

In the solar wind an equipartition of kinetic energy densities can be easily established between thermal and suprathermal electrons and the instability conditions are markedly altered by the interplay of these two populations. The new thresholds derived here for the periodic branch of firehose instability shape the limits of temperature anisotropy reported by observations for both electron populations. This instability constraint is particularly important for suprathermal electrons which, by comparison with thermal populations, are even less controlled by particle–particle collisions. An extended quasilinear approach to this instability confirms predictions from linear theory and unveils the mutual effects of thermal and suprathermal electrons in the relaxation of their temperature anisotropies and the saturation of growing fluctuations.
Predicting the Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation Environment of Exoplanets around Low-mass Stars: The TRAPPIST-1 System
Authors: Peacock Sarah , Barman Travis , Shkolnik Evgenya L. , Hauschildt Peter H. , Baron E.
Published: February 2019

The high energy radiation environment around M dwarf stars strongly impacts the characteristics of close-in exoplanet atmospheres, but these wavelengths are difficult to observe due to geocoronal and interstellar contamination. On account of these observational restrictions, a stellar atmosphere model may be used to compute the stellar extreme ultraviolet (EUV; 100–912 Å) spectrum. We construct semiempirical nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium model spectra of the ultracool M8 star TRAPPIST-1 that span EUV to infrared wavelengths (100 Å−2.5 μm) using the atmosphere code PHOENIX. These upper atmosphere models contain prescriptions for the chromosphere and transition region and include newly added partial frequency redistribution capabilities. In the absence of broadband UV spectral observations, we constrain our models using Hubble Space Telescope Lyman α observations from TRAPPIST-1 and Galaxy Evolution Explorer UV photometric detections from a set of old M8 stars (>1 Gyr). We find that calibrating the models using both data sets separately yield similar far-ultraviolet and NUV fluxes, and EUV fluxes that range from (1.32–17.4) × 10−14 ergs s−1 cm−2. The results from these models demonstrate that the EUV emission is very sensitive to the temperature structure in the transition region. Our lower activity models predict EUV fluxes similar to previously published estimates derived from semiempirical scaling relationships, while the highest activity model predicts EUV fluxes a factor of 10 higher. Results from this study support the idea that the TRAPPIST-1 habitable zone planets likely do not have much liquid water on their surfaces due to the elevated levels of high energy radiation emitted by the host star.
A New MHD Model with a Rotated-hybrid Scheme and Solenoidality-preserving Approach
Authors: Feng Xueshang , Liu XiaoJing , Xiang Changqing , Li HuiChao , Wei Fengsi
Published: February 2019

In this paper, the rotated-hybrid scheme is applied for the first time to 3D magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations in the finite-volume frame. This scheme is devised by decomposing a cell-face normal vector into two orthogonal directions and combining the Roe solver, a full-wave or complete Riemann solver, and the Rusanov solver, an incomplete Riemann solver, into one rotated-hybrid Riemann solver. To keep the magnetic field divergence-free, we propose two kinds of divergence-cleaning approaches by combining the least-squares reconstruction of magnetic field with the divergence-free constraints. One is the locally solenoidality-preserving method designed to locally maintain the magnetic solenoidality exactly, not just in a least-squares sense, and another is the globally solenoidality-preserving (SP) approach that is implemented by adding a global constraint but abandons the exactness of the locally divergence-free condition. Both SP methods are employed for 3D MHD with a rotated-hybrid scheme in the finite-volume frame. To validate and demonstrate the capabilities of the rotated-hybrid scheme for MHD, we perform an Orszag–Tang MHD vortex problem and a numerical study for the steady-state coronal structures of Carrington rotation 2068 during the solar activity minimum. The numerical tests show the robustness of the proposed scheme and demonstrate the capability of these two SP approaches to keep the magnetic divergence errors to the expected accuracy.
Determination of the Total Accelerated Electron Rate and Power Using Solar Flare Hard X-Ray Spectra
Authors: Kontar Eduard P. , Jeffrey Natasha L. S. , Emslie A. Gordon
Published: February 2019

Solar flare hard X-ray (HXR) spectroscopy serves as a key diagnostic of the accelerated electron spectrum. However, the standard approach using the collisional cold thick-target model poorly constrains the lower-energy part of the accelerated electron spectrum, hence the overall energetics of the accelerated electrons are typically constrained only to within one or two orders of magnitude. Here, we develop and apply a physically self-consistent, warm-target approach that involves the use of both HXR spectroscopy and imaging data. This approach allows an accurate determination of the electron distribution low-energy cutoff, and hence the electron acceleration rate and the contribution of accelerated electrons to the total energy released, by constraining the coronal plasma parameters. Using a solar flare observed in X-rays by RHESSI, we demonstrate that using the standard cold-target methodology, the low-energy cutoff (hence the energy content in electrons) is essentially undetermined. However, the warm-target methodology can determine the low-energy electron cutoff with ∼7% uncertainty at the 3σ level, hence it permits an accurate quantitative study of the importance of accelerated electrons in solar flare energetics.
Effects of the Isothermal Region in Protoplanetary Disks and the Protostar Irradiation on the Disk Instability Model for Giant Planet Formation
Authors: Tang Pengfei , Jin Liping
Published: February 2019

We construct an analytical model of gravitationally unstable protoplanetary disks consisting of three regions: the inner region where the internal dissipation dominates the heating, the intermediate region where the central protostar irradiation dominates, and the outer region where background irradiation dominates. We use this analytical model and an evolutionary numerical model of protoplanetary disks to calculate the cooling time and find out the location of the isothermal region. We investigate the effects of the isothermal region on the disk instability model for giant planet formation. We find that the fragmentation region found in previous studies is contained in the isothermal region of a disk. In this case, the cooling time criterion is not applicable for fragmentation. Therefore, the constraint on the disk instability model caused by the cooling time criterion should be relieved. The viability of the disk instability model is improved. When the isothermal region is considered, the inner boundary of the fragmentation region is extended inward to ∼20 au. We also show that if the contribution of the protostar irradiation to the disk surface temperature can be included in the cooling rate, the fragmentation region defined by the cooling time criterion can be extended inward to ∼26 au. We find that a disk tends to be isothermal in the region where the cooling time criterion is satisfied. We also find that at the later stage of disk instability, the inner boundary of the fragmentation region is determined by the inner boundary of the gravitationally unstable region.
Selitvena dinamika slovenskega prostora v zgodovinski perspektivi
Authors: Lukšič-Hacin Marina
Published: February 2019

Avtorica v prispevku bralcem predstavi pregled bogate selitvene dinamike na prostoru današnje Slovenije in obmejnih prostorih v zadnjih dvesto letih. Obravnava selitve v »avstrijskem času«, med prvo svetovno vojno in prvo Jugoslavijo, med drugo svetovno vojno in drugo Jugoslavijo ter med vojno v Jugoslaviji in osamosvajanjem Slovenije. Ne le intenzivna priseljensko-izseljenska oziroma selitvena dinamika, do katere je prihajalo z namenom iskanja dela in zatočišča, ampak tudi politično spreminjanje meja sta selitvene študije konstituirala kot zelo kompleksen pojav. Ta postavlja številne izzive za interpretacijo, »kako migracije razumeti« kot selitvene študije 21. stoletja.
Knjižna ocena - Francesca Fauri (ed.), The History of Migration in Europe: Perspectives from Economics, Politics and Sociology
Authors: Kalc Aleksej
Published: February 2019

V zadnjih tridesetih letih je v Evropi opaziti vse večje zanimanje za preučevanje migracij. K temu je prispevalo dejstvo, da se je kontinent po drugi svetovni vojni iz izseljenske dežele spremenil v »obljubljeno« deželo, najprej za države južnega Sredozemlja, sčasoma pa za vse širše mednarodno območje. Pojav poziva Evropo na soočenje s prišleki in z njihovo drugačnostjo, hkrati pa ji narekuje poznavanje lastne migracijske preteklosti in premišljevanje o migracijskem pojavu kot sooblikovalcu njene zgodovine in identitete. Pravo poplavo študijske produkcije vse pogosteje spremljajo tudi pregledi dognanj ter premisleki paradigem in epistemoloških vprašanj. Tako je tudi delo, o katerem poročam; nastalo je kot prispevek k preseganju zgolj ekonomističnih tolmačenj migracijskih procesov, ki so v zadnjih 50 letih prevladovali v ekonomski akademski stroki, in k branju migracijskega dogajanja kot kompleksnega součinkovanja materialnih stališč in nematerialnih dejavnikov. Delo združuje prispevke strokovnjakov s področij demografije, ekonomske, družbene in pravne zgodovine, sociologije in politologije, ki razpravljajo o treh tematskih sklopih: o opredelitvi migrantov, o razmerjih med migracijami in politiko ter o povezavi med migracijami in državljanstvom.
Criminalizing “Pro-Immigrant” Initiatives: Reducing the Space of Human Action
Authors: Jalušič Vlasta
Published: February 2019

The article addresses the problem of the surveillance, disciplining and criminalization of practices of non-governmental initiatives which offer help to irregular migrants, asylum seekers and refugees in Slovenia and four neighbouring countries. Based on original empirical work – interviews with members of NGOs – it analyses the dynamic of these processes through several stages of the “continuum of criminalization”. Five types of crimmigration policies and practices of authorities and other actors were identified which produce cumulative effects and reduce space for both political and human action as well as spontaneity.
DEVELOPING A RESILIENCE TOOL FOR HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS: A MUST-HAVE IN CAMPUS MASTER PLANNING
Authors: Storms Keith , Simundza Dan , Morgan Elizabeth , Miller Scott
Published: February 2019

INTRODUCTION

Resilience has become a prominent topic in the planning and design industry over the past several years. States, cities and entire regions face an ever-growing threat of environmental and societal challenges, including natural disasters, sea level rise, climate change, terrorism and financial insolvency. Around the world, universities are leading efforts in terms of research and problem solving regarding resilience and sustainability in their broader communities. As campus planners working nationwide with higher education clients, we see an increasing opportunity for higher education researchers, leaders and institutions to bring this same leadership stance to addressing their campus' own resilience. A campus master plan is perhaps the pinnacle opportunity to connect expert researchers with campus stewards and community leaders to engage in dialogue, identify priorities and advance resilience within their campus and community. A comprehensive master plan, by its very nature, will guide and protect an institution's long-range survival and plans. Such long-range planning is now more critical than ever given the deep financial pressures and flat or declining demographics that so many institutions face. Being proactive versus reactive increases the likelihood that institutions will succeed and continue to meet the needs of students and communities. Universities should continue or begin to address resilience challenges and opportunities in whatever scope possible. This paper will give university leaders and industry participants a broad framework to direct discussion and dissect levels of resilience, opportunities and potential shortfalls, and highlight resilient campus planning best practices. The aim is to provide a framework for institutions to measure and strengthen the resilience of their infrastructure, culture, and systems, while contributing to the resilience of their communities.