bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive clinical and virological characterization of three cases of fulminant liver failure owing to HSV1 primary infection
Authors: Spahn Stephan , Riessen Reimer , Berg Christoph P. , Malek Nisar P. , Emrich Marzena H. , Lohrengel Kristina , Ganzenmueller Tina , Iftner Thomas , Kleymann Gerald , Hamprecht Klaus
Published: March 2022

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV‐1) is a frequently unrecognized, yet deadly cause of acute liver failure (ALF). We, therefore, analysed three cases of fatal HSV‐1‐induced ALF. All patients shared clinical (extremely elevated transaminases, LDH and AST/LDH ratio < 1) and virological characteristics (ratio of viral load in plasma versus throat swabs: 60–700‐fold, lack of anti‐HSV‐1‐IgG antibodies or low IgG‐avidity during primary infection), which may help to identify patients at risk. Additionally, in vitro chemosusceptibility assays revealed high efficacy of the helicase‐primase inhibitors (HPI), pritelivir and drug‐candidate IM‐250 compared to acyclovir (ACV) using HSV‐1‐isolates from two patients; hence, ACV/HPI‐combinations might offer new therapeutic options for HSV‐induced ALF.
Hyperpolarized carbon 13 MRI in liver diseases: Recent advances and future opportunities
Authors: Ye Zheng , Song Bin , Lee Philip M. , Ohliger Michael A. , Laustsen Christoffer
Published: March 2022

Hyperpolarized carbon‐13 magnetic resonance imaging (HP 13C MRI) is a recently translated metabolic imaging technique. With dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (d‐DNP), more than 10 000‐fold signal enhancement can be readily reached, making it possible to visualize real‐time metabolism and specific substrate‐to‐metabolite conversions in the liver after injecting carbon‐13 labelled probes. Increasing evidence suggests that HP 13C MRI is a potential tool in detecting liver abnormalities, predicting disease progression and monitoring response treatment. In this review, we will introduce the recent progresses of HP 13C MRI in diffuse liver diseases and liver malignancies and discuss its future opportunities from a clinical perspective, hoping to provide a comprehensive overview of this novel technique in liver diseases and highlight its scientific and clinical potential in the field of hepatology.
Leadership in internationalization strategies
Authors: Barac Maja , Moner‐Colonques Rafael
Published: March 2022

This paper examines leadership in internationalization strategies for an asymmetric cost duopoly where firms choose between exports and foreign direct investment (FDI) in a sequential setting. The incentive to lead and to engage in FDI is stronger for the more efficient firm. With sequential choices and the efficient firm playing in advance, it is less likely that firms pick identical internationalization strategies in equilibrium, as compared with simultaneous choices; this is more so for greater cost asymmetry. It also happens for large enough oligopoly profitability when the inefficient firm plays in advance. Follow‐the‐leader behaviour in FDI arises for low values of the setup cost. Although entry in FDI by both firms is best for consumers, total welfare can be higher with opposite internationalization strategies. Were firms given the opportunity to lead or wait and enter later, the efficient firm would emerge as the leader in exports/FDI depending on the well‐known proximity‐concentration trade‐off. Interestingly, the less efficient firm might prefer to wait for strategic reasons.
Keratosis pilaris rubra successfully treated with topical sirolimus: Report of a case and review of the literature
Authors: Eckburg Alexandra , Kazemi Tiana , Maguiness Sheilagh
Published: March 2022

Keratosis pilaris rubra (KPR) is a subtype of keratosis pilaris (KP) presenting with numerous “grainlike” follicular papules in a background of confluent erythema most often affecting the face and upper extremities with persistence beyond puberty. Treatment has remained challenging with inconsistent benefit from topical therapies such as emollients, keratolytics, corticosteroids, and retinoids, though case reports documenting success with pulsed dye laser therapy have been found. We present a case of KPR in a 15‐year‐old boy who was successfully treated with topical sirolimus 1% cream.
A novel and effective item‐source complex trial protocol: Discrimination of guilty from both knowledgeable and unknowledgeable innocent subjects
Authors: Deng Xiaohong , Liang Xuan , Zhan Xiaofei , Rosenfeld J. Peter , Olson Joseph , Yan Gejun , Xue Chao , Lu Yang
Published: March 2022

Innocent subjects who are knowledgeable of crime‐related information will often be misclassified as “guilty” in P300‐based complex trial protocol (CTP). Therefore, it is necessary to develop a more rigorous CTP that can effectively discriminate the guilty from both the knowledgeable and the unknowledgeable innocents. Sometimes the guilty and the knowledgeable innocents possess the same item memories but different source memories. The present study designed a novel item‐source complex trial protocol based on the differences of source memory among the three kinds of individuals. Either the crime‐related probe (e.g., the stolen ring) or one of the crime‐unrelated stimuli (e.g., watch, earring, bracelet, or bangle) (item memory) was presented in the first part of each trail, and either a stealing‐source word (e.g., stole) or other‐source word (e.g., fetched) (source memory) was presented in the second part of each trail. The results showed that: (1) the P300 evoked by item memory could effectively discriminated the guilty from the unknowledgeable innocent (AUC = 0.76) but failed to effectively discriminate the guilty from the knowledgeable innocent (AUC = 0.60); (2) the late positive component evoked by source memory could effectively discriminated the guilty from both the knowledgeable innocent (AUC = 0.94) and the unknowledgeable innocent (AUC = 0.84) in one test.
Modeling and Cascade Control of a Pneumatic Positioning System
Authors: Mandali Anusree , Dong Lili
Published: March 2022

A robust cascade control system based on active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) is originally developed for accurate position control of a pneumatic servo system, which is usually characterized by nonlinearity, uncertainty, and disturbance. The proposed control system consists of inner and outer control loops. Particularly, a linear ADRC (LADRC) is utilized to adjust valve position for a linear spool valve dynamics in the inner loop. A nonlinear ADRC (NADRC) is designed to control the position of a nonlinear pneumatic actuator subsystem in the outer loop. LADRC and NADRC contain linear and nonlinear extended state observers (ESOs), respectively. The ESO can estimate both unknown nonlinear dynamics and external disturbances and thus make the ADRC robust against system uncertainties and disturbances. Simulation results successfully demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed cascade control system. The stabilities of the inner and outer control loops were proved separately using a Lyapunov approach.
Navigating Emotional and Structural Influences While Implementing the Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility Model: A Case Study
Authors: Shiver Victoria N. , Simonton Kelly L.
Published: March 2022

Utilizing elements of organizational socialization and teacher appraisals, emotions, and labor, the purpose of this study was to explore the ways in which one teacher navigated the process of incorporating the Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility model. A qualitative case study approach was applied with one teacher participant, Caroline. Caroline was using the model for the first time with children in first through third grade. Data collection included critical incident reports, semistructured interviews, informal interviews, and a practitioner journal. The two themes that were developed were: (a) model development and (b) emotional appraisals and labor. Caroline struggled with the model initially but improved with practice and the use of resources and advice. She faced setbacks due to philosophical differences and marginalization of her subject, and was able to address and process her emotions through the model.
Gut CommensalBacteroidetesEncode a Novel Class of Vitamin B12-Binding Proteins
Authors: Putnam E. E. , Abellon-Ruiz J. , Killinger B. J. , Rosnow J. J. , Wexler A. G. , Folta-Stogniew E. , Wright A. T. , van den Berg B. , Goodman A. L.
Published: March 2022

The gut microbiome is a complex microbial community with important impacts on human health. One of the major groups within the gut microbiome, theBacteroidetes, rely on their ability to capture vitamin B12and related molecules for fitness in the gut.
Identification of Antimotilins, Novel Inhibitors of Helicobacter pylori Flagellar Motility That Inhibit Stomach Colonization in a Mouse Model
Authors: Suerbaum Sebastian , Coombs Nina , Patel Lubna , Pscheniza Dimitri , Rox Katharina , Falk Christine , Gruber Achim D. , Kershaw Olivia , Chhatwal Patrick , Brönstrup Mark , Bilitewski Ursula , Josenhans Christine
Published: March 2022

Helicobacter pylori
is one of the most prevalent bacterial pathogens, inflicting hundreds of thousands of peptic ulcers and gastric cancers to patients every year. Antibacterial treatment of
H. pylori
is complicated due to the need of combining multiple antibiotics, entailing serious side effects and increasing selection for antibiotic resistance.
Draft Genomic Sequences of Four Pseudomonas spp. and a
Xanthomonas
sp. from Cranberry Stem Galls
Authors: Graham Brian , Castañeda Tawny , Harrison Alisha , Soby Scott
Published: March 2022

Four
Pseudomonas
spp. and
Xanthomonas arboricola
were isolated from cranberry stem galls in Carver, MA, and taxonomically assigned at the genus level based on the 16S rRNA sequence and phenotypes.
X. arboricola
had not been associated previously with cranberry stem galls or any cranberry disease.
Supplemental Material: Paleoproterozoic–Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the Longshou Shan, western North China craton
Authors: Wu Chen , al. et
Published: March 2022

Table S1: Summary of geochronology results of magmatic intrusions in the Longshou Shan area, western China. Table S2: LA-MC-ICP-MS results for zircon U-Pb ages of igneous and sedimentary samples. Table S3: Major and trace elements for the igneous samples from the Longshou Shan, western China. Table S4: Summary of Sr-Nd isotopes of intrusions in the Longshou Shan, western China. Figure S1: Plots of zircon εHf(t) versus 206Pb/238U age for the Longshou Shan area, western China. Data are from Duan et al. (2015), Gong et al. (2016), Qin (2012), Xue et al. (2017), and Zhang et al. (2017).
Acalypha indica-induced transient glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency with acute haemolysis
Authors: Thepwiwatjit Sapol , Teawtrakul Nattiya , Krikeerati Thanachit , Mitsungnern Thapanawong
Published: March 2022

Acalypha indicais a tropical herb found in Asia. The entire plant, especially the leaves, is used in herbal medicine for several therapeutic purposes. Acute intravascular haemolysis and methaemoglobinaemia have been reported in patients who consume this herb. We present a case of a previously healthy middle-aged man who ingested boiled leaves ofA. indica. The patient developed clinical symptoms and signs of intravascular haemolysis 7 days after ingestion. Peripheral blood smear showed typical findings of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency with acute haemolysis. The G6PD activity was low during active haemolysis. The G6PD level, however, returned to normal after 4 months of follow-up. The patient was further tested for common G6PD gene mutations in Southeast Asia and was negative. Ingestion ofA. indicamay induce transient G6PD deficiency, which in this patient led to acute haemolysis and methaemoglobinaemia.
Role of an IUCD in managing patients with post-LLETZ cervical stenosis
Authors: Ross Samantha , Ragupathy Kalpana
Published: March 2022

Large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) is one of the fertility sparing treatments for people with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, however, this procedure is known to increase the risk of postoperative cervical stenosis by 1.3%–5.2%. We present a case demonstrating the successful use of a copper intrauterine contraceptive device to manage a patient with cervical stenosis secondary to three LLETZ procedures for severe dyskaryosis.
Legionella pneumophilaandStaphylococcus aureusco-infections in a patient with SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Sanchez Andrew , Elliott Eric I , Wang Peter , Spichler-Moffarah Anne
Published: March 2022

A man fully mRNA-vaccinated against COVID-19 presented to our hospital with an acute febrile illness, respiratory symptoms and a positive test for SARS-CoV-2. He was later found early into hospitalisation to have two morbid bacterial co-infections:Legionella pneumophilaserogroup 1 and methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA). Although this patient was initially admitted for COVID-19 management, his initial presentation was remarkable for lobar pneumonia, hyponatraemia and rhabdomyolysis more compatible with Legionnaire’s disease than severe COVID-19. On discovery of MRSA pneumonia as a second bacterial infection, immunosuppressive COVID-19 therapies were discontinued and targeted antibiotics towards both bacterial co-infections were initiated. The patient’s successful recovery highlighted the need to have high suspicion for bacterial co-infections in patients presenting with community-acquired pneumonia and a positive SARS-CoV-2 test, as patients with serious bacterial co-infections may have worse outcomes with use of immunosuppressive COVID-19 therapies.
A tale of 22 cities: utilisation patterns and content of maternal care in large African cities
Authors: Wong Kerry LM , Banke-Thomas Aduragbemi , Sholkamy Hania , Dennis Mardieh L , Pembe Andrea B , Birabwa Catherine , Asefa Anteneh , Delamou Alexandre , Sidze Estelle Monique , Dossou Jean-Paul , Waiswa Peter , Beňová Lenka
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Globally, the majority of births happen in urban areas. Ensuring that women and their newborns benefit from a complete package of high-quality care during pregnancy, childbirth and the postnatal period present specific challenges in large cities. We examine health service utilisation and content of care along the maternal continuum of care (CoC) in 22 large African cities.

Methods

We analysed data from the most recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) since 2013 in any African country with at least one city of≥1 million inhabitants in 2015. Women with live births from survey clusters in the most populous city per country were identified. We analysed 17 indicators capturing utilisation, sector and level of health facilities and content of three maternal care services: antenatal care (ANC), childbirth care and postnatal care (PNC), and a composite indicator capturing completion of the maternal CoC. We developed a categorisation of cities according to performance on utilisation and content within maternal CoC.

Results

The study sample included 25 326 live births reported by 19 217 women. Heterogeneity in the performance in the three services was observed across cities and across the three services within cities. ANC utilisation was high (>85%); facility-based childbirth and PNC ranged widely, 77%–99% and 29%–94%, respectively. Most cities showed inconsistent levels of utilisation and content across the maternal CoC, Cotonou and Accra showed relatively best and Nairobi and Ndjamena worst performance.

Conclusion

This exploratory analysis showed that many DHS can be analysed on the level of large African cities to provide actionable information about the utilisation and content of the three maternal health services. Our comparative analysis of 22 cities and proposed typology of best and worst-performing cities can provide a starting point for extracting lessons learnt and addressing critical gaps in maternal health in rapidly urbanising contexts.
Recognition of diabetes and sociodemographic predictors: results of a cross-sectional nationwide population-based survey in Singapore
Authors: Roystonn Kumarasan , Lau Jue Hua , AshaRani PV , Siva Kumar Fiona Devi , Wang Peizhi , Sum Chee Fang , Lee Eng Sing , Chong Siow Ann , Subramaniam Mythily
Published: March 2022

Objective

To assess recognition of diabetes among a nationally representative multiethnic sample of Singapore’s general public. Also, to explore the sociodemographic predictors associated with the ability to correctly recognise diabetes.

Design and setting

This was a cross-sectional vignette-based survey. Respondents were instructed to read the vignette, then answer the open-ended question, ‘What do you think the person in the vignette is suffering from?’

Participants

A sample of 2895 household residents aged 18 years and above, of which 436 were persons with diabetes.

Results

82.7% could correctly recognise diabetes in the vignette. Overall, recognition was significantly higher among respondents aged 35–49 years (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.98), 50–64 years (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.19 to 3.56), ethnic Malays (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.89) and persons with diabetes (OR 2.64, 95% CI 1.38 to 5.08). By contrast, male (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.90), ethnic Others (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.93) and the unemployed (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.92) were significantly associated with poor recognition of diabetes.

Conclusion

Overall public recognition of diabetes was high, but the significant gaps in knowledge in certain demographic groups were of concern. Public health interventions aimed at preventing and controlling diabetes should continue to target all members of the population with accurate and appropriate information. Ongoing efforts of diabetes awareness and screening programmes need to be improved, particularly for young adults, males and the unemployed.
Adverse experiences of social adaptation in children with leukaemia: a qualitative study from China
Authors: Tang Xinyue , Mo Lin , Liu Qian , Liu Yixuan , Yu Lu , Liu Yang , Gao Chunhai
Published: March 2022

Aim and objective

This study aimed to build an indepth and comprehensive understanding of the social maladaptation experience of Chinese children with leukaemia of different ages.

Methods

The purposive sampling method was adopted to conduct semistructured interviews with 20 Chinese children with leukaemia or their main caregivers and Colaizzi’s method for qualitative research was used to organise and analyse the data. The study followed the guiding principles of the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research.

Results

The existing social adaptation problems of children with leukaemia of different ages were assessed. In terms of psychological maladjustment, children with leukaemia aged 2–7 years showed fear and excessive attachment, while children aged 8–18 years were characterised by impatience, irritability and anxiety. In terms of behavioural maladjustment, children aged 2–7 years presented less independent behaviour and dependence on electronics, while children aged 8–18 years showed learning obstruction and indulgence in mobile games.

Conclusions

Targeted intervention strategies should be developed based on the physical and mental characteristics of children with leukaemia of different ages to improve existing social adaptation problems.

Relevance to clinical practice

Early intervention for social adaptation of children with leukaemia should be considered. Children’s social adaptation should be improved to prevent more adaptation problems so that they can return to their families and to the society without difficulty and improve their quality of life in the long term.
Evaluating the safety and patient impacts of an artificial intelligence command centre in acute hospital care: a mixed-methods protocol
Authors: McInerney Ciarán , McCrorie Carolyn , Benn Jonathan , Habli Ibrahim , Lawton Tom , Mebrahtu Teumzghi F , Randell Rebecca , Sheikh Naeem , Johnson Owen
Published: March 2022

Introduction

This paper presents a mixed-methods study protocol that will be used to evaluate a recent implementation of a real-time, centralised hospital command centre in the UK. The command centre represents a complex intervention within a complex adaptive system. It could support better operational decision-making and facilitate identification and mitigation of threats to patient safety. There is, however, limited research on the impact of such complex health information technology on patient safety, reliability and operational efficiency of healthcare delivery and this study aims to help address that gap.

Methods and analysis

We will conduct a longitudinal mixed-method evaluation that will be informed by public-and-patient involvement and engagement. Interviews and ethnographic observations will inform iterations with quantitative analysis that will sensitise further qualitative work. Quantitative work will take an iterative approach to identify relevant outcome measures from both the literature and pragmatically from datasets of routinely collected electronic health records.

Ethics and dissemination

This protocol has been approved by the University of Leeds Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Ethics Committee (#MEEC 20-016) and the National Health Service Health Research Authority (IRAS No.: 285933). Our results will be communicated through peer-reviewed publications in international journals and conferences. We will provide ongoing feedback as part of our engagement work with local trust stakeholders.
Prognostic factors for post-traumatic stress, anxiety and depression in women after early pregnancy loss: a multi-centre prospective cohort study
Authors: Farren Jessica , Jalmbrant Maria , Falconieri Nora , Mitchell-Jones Nicola , Bobdiwala Shabnam , Al-Memar Maya , Parker Nina , Van Calster Ben , Timmerman Dirk , Bourne Tom
Published: March 2022

Objectives

To investigate prognostic factors for anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress (PTS) symptoms 1 month after early pregnancy loss (EPL).

Design

A prospective cohort study. Consecutive women were recruited, and demographic and clinical data were collected. Surveys containing the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Post-traumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS) were emailed 1 month after a loss. Univariable logistic regression was performed to link factors with caseness of anxiety, depression or PTS according to screening measures.

Setting

Early pregnancy units of three central London hospitals.

Participants

737/1116 eligible women with an EPL were recruited. 492 responded to HADS and 487 to PDS.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Primary outcome is the area under the curve (AUC) to predict any psychological morbidity (defined as moderate/severe anxiety or depression, or meeting screening criteria for PTS) for each variable. Further outcomes are explained variation (R2) and p value for any morbidity, and AUC, explained variation, and p value for each morbidity separately.

Results

Women who had a past diagnosis of a psychiatric condition were more likely to meet criteria for anxiety, depression or PTS (75% for current diagnosis vs 55% for past vs 30% for no diagnosis; AUC 0.61; R28.4%; p<0.0001), as were those with previous pregnancy loss (48% vs 30%; AUC 0.59; R24.3%; p<0.0001). Most of the assessed factors did not demonstrate potential utility in predicting psychological distress, including gestational age, overnight admission, time taken for diagnosis, pre-existing children and the diagnosis itself (miscarriage vs ectopic vs other) (AUCs≤0.54; R2≤0.9%).

Conclusions

Women with a history of mental health problems, or those with previous losses, may be at higher risk of psychological illness 1 month after pregnancy loss. However, prognostic ability was poor overall. All women should be considered at risk.
Psychological well-being of women at high risk of spontaneous preterm birth cared for in a specialised preterm birth clinic: a prospective longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Dawes Lisa , Waugh Jason J S , Lee Arier , Groom Katie M
Published: March 2022

Objectives

To assess the psychological well-being of pregnant women at increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth, and the impact of care from a preterm birth clinic.

Design

Single-centre longitudinal cohort study over 1 year, 2018–2019.

Setting

Tertiary maternity hospital in Auckland, New Zealand.

Participants

Pregnant women at increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth receiving care in a preterm birth clinic.

Intervention

Participants completed three sets of questionnaires (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and 36-Item Short Form Survey)—prior to their first, after their second, and after their last clinic appointments. Study-specific questionnaires explored pregnancy-related anxiety and perceptions of care.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

The primary outcome was the mean State-Anxiety score. Secondary outcomes included depression and quality of life measures.

Results

73/97 (75.3%) eligible women participated; 41.1% had a previous preterm birth, 31.5% a second trimester loss and 28.8% cervical surgery; 20.6% had a prior mental health condition. 63/73 (86.3%) women completed all questionnaires. The adjusted mean state-anxiety score was 39.0 at baseline, which decreased to 36.5 after the second visit (difference −2.5, 95% CI −5.5 to 0.5, p=0.1) and to 32.6 after the last visit (difference −3.9 from second visit, 95% CI −6.4 to −1.5, p=0.002). Rates of anxiety (state-anxiety score >40) and depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score >12) were 38.4%, 34.8%, 19.0% and 13.7%, 8.7%, 9.5% respectively, at the same time periods. Perceptions of care were favourable; 88.9% stated the preterm birth clinic made them significantly or somewhat less anxious and 87.3% wanted to be seen again in a future pregnancy.

Conclusions

Women at increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth have high levels of anxiety. Psychological well-being improved during the second trimester; women perceived that preterm birth clinic care reduced pregnancy-related anxiety. These findings support the ongoing use and development of preterm birth clinics.
Primary care for people with severe mental illness and comorbid obstructive airways disease: a qualitative study of patient perspectives with integrated stakeholder feedback
Authors: Mitchell Caroline , Zuraw Nicholas , Delaney Brigitte , Twohig Helen , Dolan Neil , Walton Elizabeth , Hulin Joe , Yousefpour Camelia
Published: March 2022

Objectives

To explore patient and stakeholder perspectives on primary respiratory care for people with severe mental illness (SMI) and comorbid obstructive airways disease (OAD).

Design

Qualitative, semistructured qualitative interviews were undertaken with a purposive sample of people with a diagnosis of SMI (bipolar illness, schizophrenia, affective disorder with psychosis) and comorbid asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Transcribed data were analysed using an interpretive phenomenological approach. Study results were discussed with stakeholders.

Setting

Eight UK general practices.

Participants

16 people aged 45–75 years, with SMI and comorbid asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, were interviewed. Twenty-one people, four with lived experience of SMI and seventeen health/social care/third sector practitioners, participated in discussion groups at a stakeholder event.

Results

Participants described disability and isolation arising from the interplay of SMI and OAD symptoms. Social support determined ease of access to primary care. Self-management of respiratory health was not person-centred as practitioners failed to consider individual needs and health literacy. Participants perceived smoking cessation impossible without tailored support. Less than half of the practices facilitated personalised access to timely primary care and continuity. Overall, there was a reliance on urgent care if service adaptations and social support were lacking. The stakeholder group expressed concern about gaps in care, the short-term funding of community organisations and fear of loss of benefits. Potential solutions focused on supported navigation of care pathways, relational continuity, individual and community asset building and the evolving social prescriber role.

Conclusion

This study suggests that despite UK guidelines and incentives to optimise physical healthcare, primary care fails to consistently deliver integrated biopsychosocial care for patients with SMI and OAD. Collaborative, personalised care that builds social capital and tailors support for self-management is needed, alongside service-level interventions to enhance access to healthcare for patients with comorbid SMI and OAD.
Identifying vulnerable children’s stress levels and coping measures during COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: a mixed method study
Authors: Takeuchi Hajime , Napier-Raman Sharanya , Asemota Osamagbe , Raman Shanti
Published: March 2022

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected vulnerable children and youth. In Japan, despite evidence that the paediatric age group holds a lower risk of infection than the older population, there was a nationwide closure of schools as an early public health measure. Acknowledging that school closures brought heightened psychological and physical stress among Japanese children, we aimed to explore vulnerable children’s experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan, focusing on socially disadvantaged subset of the population.

Methods

We used an adapted version of the ‘Perceived Stress Scale for Children’, with additional free-text space, delivered online to children attending three non-profit organisations which provide support for this group of vulnerable persons and families experiencing social disadvantage. Simple descriptive analysis was undertaken on the quantitative data; we used thematic and content analysis for the qualitative data.

Results

Thirty-six children participated in the online survey, mean age was 11.3 years, majority (61%) were male. The mean overall stress score (score distribution width: 0–39) was 14.8, with no difference in score distribution by age or gender. Free-text responses obtained revealed a range of stressors and protective factors. Schooling, COVID-19 fears, family tension and pandemic measures were sources of stress; family—in particular, the support of the mother—food, friendship and recreation were sources of comfort. While most responses indicated positive coping mechanisms, some displayed maladaptive behaviours.

Conclusions

The children in this cohort had high mean stress scores overall. Responses indicated that they were acutely reactive to COVID-19 as well as pandemic public health measures, and that missing schooling and contact with friends exacerbated their stress. Family was a source of strength as well as stress. A tailored public health response to COVID-19 needs to take into account the concerns voiced by vulnerable child populations be based on equity and child rights.
Musculoskeletal injury epidemiology in law enforcement and firefighter recruits during physical training: a systematic review
Authors: Murphy Myles Calder , George Holly-Anne , Naqi Muhammad , Owen Patrick J , Chivers Paola , Hart Nicolas H
Published: March 2022

Objectives

Report the injury epidemiology of law enforcement and firefighter recruits.

Design

A systematic epidemiological review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines was completed.

Data sources

Five online databases were searched from database inception to 5 May 2021.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies

Prospective and retrospective studies that reported data on musculoskeletal injuries sustained by law enforcement or firefighter recruits were included. We reported on all components of injury where data were available. All injury incidence rates were calculated as per 1000 training days (Poisson 95% CI) to allow comparisons between studies. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Quality Assessment Checklist for Prevalence Studies.

Results

No studies reporting firefighter recruits were identified. Eight published studies that reported on injuries to law enforcement recruits were identified. The studies were all low quality, and the credibility of the evidence was assessed as very low. Seven studies reported medical attention injuries, and one study reported the number of medical withdrawals from a recruit training programme. The prevalence of law enforcement recruits with medical attention injuries ranged from 13.7% to 24.5%. The overall medical attention injury incidence rate for law enforcement recruits ranged from 1.67 injuries per 1000 training days (Poisson 95% CI 1.00 to 2.34 injuries per 1000 training days) to 4.24 injuries per 1000 training days (Poisson 95% CI 2.97 to 5.51 injuries per 1000 training days).

Conclusion

This review reported the prevalence and incidence rates for musculoskeletal injuries in law enforcement officers. However, the credibility of the evidence is very low.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021251084.
Stroke thrombectomy volume, rather than stroke center accreditation status of hospitals, is associated with mortality and discharge disposition
Authors: Waqas Muhammad , Tutino Vincent M , Cappuzzo Justin M , Lazarov Victoria , Popoola Daniel , Patel Tatsat R , Levy Bennett R , Monteiro Andre , Mokin Maxim , Rai Ansaar T , Mocco J , Turk Aquilla S , Snyder Kenneth V , Davies Jason M , Levy Elad I , Siddiqui Adnan H
Published: March 2022

Background

Few studies have explored the association between stroke thrombectomy (ST) volume and hospital accreditation with clinical outcomes.

Objective

To assess the association of ST case volume and accreditation status with in-hospital mortality and home discharge disposition using the national Medicare Provider Analysis and Review (MEDPAR) database.

Methods

Rates of hospital mortality, home discharge disposition, and hospital stay were compared between accredited and non-accredited hospitals using 2017–2018 MEDPAR data. The association of annual ST case volume with mortality and home disposition was determined using Pearson’s correlation. Median rate of mortality and number of ST cases at hospitals within the central quartiles were estimated.

Results

A total of 29 355 cases were performed over 2 years at 847 US centers. Of these, 354 were accredited. There were no significant differences between accredited and non-accredited centers for hospital mortality (14.8% vs 14.5%, p=0.34) and home discharge (12.1% vs 12.0%, p=0.78). A significant positive correlation was observed between thrombectomy volume and home discharge (r=0.88; 95% CI 0.58 to 0.97, p=0.001). A significant negative relationship was found between thrombectomy volume and mortality (r=−0.86; 95% CI −0.97 to −0.49, p=0.002). Within the central quartiles, the median number of ST cases at hospitals with mortality was 24/year, and the median number of ST cases at hospitals with home discharge rate was 23/year.

Conclusion

A higher volume of ST cases was associated with lower mortality and higher home discharge rate. No significant differences in mortality and discharge disposition were found between accredited and non-accredited hospitals.
A pioneering pest: the winter moth (Operophtera brumata) is expanding its outbreak range into Low Arctic shrub tundra
Authors: Vindstad Ole Petter Laksforsmo , Jepsen Jane Uhd , Molvig Helge , Ims Rolf Anker
Published: March 2022

Climate warming allows generalist boreal consumers to expand into Arctic ecosystems. We present experimental and observational field data showing that a generalist boreal insect pest—the winter moth (Operophtera brumata Linnaeus, 1758)—is expanding its outbreak range out of the northern boreal mountain birch forest in northeast Fennoscandia and into the adjacent Low Arctic shrub tundra. This is the first documented example of an outbreaking boreal insect pest expanding into a tundra ecosystem. The expansion has coincided with a long-term advancing trend in the expected hatching date of moth eggs in spring for the study region. We show that the winter moth can complete development on Low Arctic willows and that the density of winter moth larvae in willow thickets is unrelated to the amount of mountain birch (the main host plant in northern boreal forest) in the thickets. However, we also demonstrate that larval densities on willows show a regional-scale spatial decline when moving away from the birch forest and into the shrub tundra. Continued monitoring is needed to establish whether the outbreaks will spread farther into the tundra. The expansion of outbreaking boreal pests into the tundra could alter conventional expectations of increasing vegetation productivity and shrubification in tundra ecosystems.
Effect of dispersion method on microstructure and properties of Ni-P–Al2O3 (sol)-PTFE composite coating
Authors: Han Hongjiang , Li Yongfeng , Yang Zongju , Liu Mengyu , Cao Peng , Ming Pingmei , Zhang Yaqi , Zhang Mingming
Published: March 2022

In order to alleviate the agglomeration of nanoparticles in the plating solution, the dispersion effect of binary nanoparticles in Ni–P–Al2O3–PTFE composite coating was studied by physical and chemical dispersion methods. The effects of different dispersion methods on the microstructure, hardness and friction coefficient of the composite coating were discussed. Through the performance evaluation of the composite coating, it is found that the effect of using appropriate dispersant and ultrasonic dispersion process is good, which can make the nanoparticles fully dispersed in the solution and evenly distributed in the coating, the composite amount of nanoparticles in the deposition layer is also high. The results show that it has a good effect on improving the wear-resisting and antifriction properties of the composite coatings.
Effect of current density on the performance of electrodeposited Ti/Sb–SnO2 electrode from methanesulfonate medium
Authors: Zhang Shengping , Huang Wenping , Tan Jinyi , Zhang Wen , He Zhen
Published: March 2022

A series of Ti/Sb–SnO2 electrodes were prepared by direct current electrodeposition. The changes of catalytic properties of Ti/Sb–SnO2 electrodes prepared at different current densities were studied. The surface morphology and catalytic performance of Ti/Sb–SnO2 electrodes were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The oxygen evolution potentials of the electrodes were measured by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) at the same time. The results show that the increase of the current density can improve the polarization and the electrolysis reaction of water, changing the surface morphology of Ti/Sb–SnO2 electrodes. When the current density increases to 30 mA/cm2, the porous structure is formed on the electrode surface, which provides more active sites for the Ti/Sb–SnO2 electrode surface and improves the catalytic ability of the electrode greatly. However, when the current density continues to increase, the catalytic ability of the electrode will decrease. This is because the excessively high current density will lead to the loose structure of the electrode surface, which is not conducive to the improvement of the catalytic efficiency of Ti/Sb–SnO2 electrodes.
Local-move identities for the ℤ[t,t−1]-Alexander polynomials of 2-links, the alinking number, and high-dimensional analogues
Authors: Ogasa Eiji
Published: March 2022

A well-known identity [Formula: see text] holds for three 1-links [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] which satisfy a famous local-move relation, where [Formula: see text] becomes the Alexander–Conway polynomial of [Formula: see text] if we let [Formula: see text]. We prove a new local-move identity for the [Formula: see text]-Alexander polynomials of 2-links, which is a 2-dimensional analogue of the 1-dimensional one. In the 1-dimensional link case there is a well-known relation between the Alexander–Conway polynomial and the linking number. As its 2-dimensional analogue, we find a relation between the [Formula: see text]-Alexander polynomials of 2-links and the alinking number of 2-links. We produce high-dimensional analogues of these results. Furthermore, we prove that in the 2-dimensional case we cannot normalize the [Formula: see text]-Alexander polynomials to be compatible with our identity but that in a high-dimensional case we can do that to be compatible with our new identity.
Torsion in Khovanov homology of homologically thin knots
Authors: Shumakovitch Alexander N.
Published: March 2022

We prove that every [Formula: see text]H-thin link has no [Formula: see text]-torsion for [Formula: see text] in its Khovanov homology. Together with previous results by Lee [The support of the Khovanov’s invariants for alternating knots, preprint (2002), arXiv:math.GT/0201105; An endomorphism of the Khovanov invariant, Adv. Math. 197(2) (2005) 554–586, arXiv:math.GT/0210213] and the author [Torsion of Khovanov homology, Fund. Math. 225 (2014) 343–364, arXiv:math.GT/0405474], this implies that integer Khovanov homology of non-split alternating links is completely determined by the Jones polynomial and signature. Our proof is based on establishing an algebraic relation between Bockstein and Turner differentials on Khovanov homology over [Formula: see text]. We conjecture that a similar relation exists between the corresponding spectral sequences.
Ultralight scalar dark matter detection with ZAIGA
Authors: Zhao Wei , Mei Xitong , Gao Dongfeng , Wang Jin , Zhan Mingsheng
Published: March 2022

Zhaoshan long-baseline atom interferometer gravitation antenna (ZAIGA) is a proposed underground long-baseline atom interferometer (AI) facility, aiming for experimental research on gravitation and related problems. In this paper, we study the possibility of detecting the ultralight scalar dark matter (DM) with ZAIGA. According to a popular scalar DM model, the DM field contains a background oscillation term and a local exponential fluctuation term. In order to calculate the proposed constraints on DM coupling parameters, we need to first compute the DM signals in ZAIGA. For the case of two AIs vertically separated by 300[Formula: see text]m, the DM-induced differential phase consists of three contributions, coming from the DM-induced changes in atomic internal energy levels, atomic masses and the gravitational acceleration. For the case of two AIs horizontally separated by several kilometers, the signal comes from the DM-induced changes in atomic internal energy levels. With the current and future technical parameters of ZAIGA, we then obtain the proposed constraints on five DM coupling parameters. It turns out that our proposed constraints could be several orders of magnitude better than the ones set by the MICROSCOPE space mission.
Minimum Stretch Spanning Tree Problem in Operations on Trees
Authors: Araki Toru , Hasegawa Eito , Kato Shion
Published: March 2022

The minimum stretch spanning tree problem for a connected graph [Formula: see text] is to find a spanning tree [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] such that the maximum distance in [Formula: see text] between two adjacent vertices of [Formula: see text] is minimized, where the minimum value is called the tree-stretch of [Formula: see text]. This paper presents the tree-stretch of a graph constructed by the Cartesian product of two trees. This result is a generalization of the result for the grid graphs obtained by Lin and Lin (L. Lin, Y. Lin, The minimum stretch spanning tree problem for typical graphs, Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica, English Series, 37(3) (2021) 510–522). Then, we give the tree-stretch of the [Formula: see text]-th power of a tree.
New heteroligand complex of cobalt with phthalocyanine, oxo and fluoro ligands: DFT consideration
Authors: Mikhailov Oleg V. , Chachkov Denis V.
Published: March 2022

Based on the results of a quantum chemical calculation using the DFT method in the OPBE/TZVP and B3PW91/TZVP levels, the possibility of the existence of a cobalt heteroligand complex containing in the inner coordination sphere tetra[benzo]derivative of porphyrazine (phthalocyanine), oxide (O[Formula: see text] and fluoride (F[Formula: see text] ions, with possible oxidation state of Co(V) that is non-characteristic for the given 3[Formula: see text]-element, has been shown. The data on the structural parameters, multiplicity of the ground state, NBO analysis data and standard thermodynamic parameters of formation (standard enthalpy [Formula: see text], entropy [Formula: see text] and Gibbs’s energy [Formula: see text] for the indicated complex have been presented. At the same time, it has been noted that the porphyrazine itself as well as di[benzo]porphyrazine, do not form such metalcomplexes.
Weil polynomials of abelian varieties over finite fields with many rational points
Authors: Berardini Elena , Giangreco-Maidana Alejandro J.
Published: March 2022

We consider the finite set of isogeny classes of [Formula: see text]-dimensional abelian varieties defined over the finite field [Formula: see text] with endomorphism algebra being a field. We prove that the class within this set whose varieties have the maximal number of rational points is unique, for any prime even power [Formula: see text] big enough and verifying mild conditions. We describe its Weil polynomial and we prove that the class is ordinary and cyclic outside the primes dividing an integer that only depends on [Formula: see text]. In dimension [Formula: see text], we prove that the class is ordinary and cyclic and give explicitly its Weil polynomial, for any prime even power [Formula: see text].
Coupled fixed point theorems for mappings satisfying rational type conditions in partially ordered metric spaces
Authors: Prajisha E. , Shaini P.
Published: March 2022

We prove coupled coincidence and coupled common fixed point theorems for mapping [Formula: see text] and mixed strict [Formula: see text]- monotone mappings in partially ordered metric spaces satisfying rational type conditions.
Rhombic dodecahedral PtCo nanocrystals as a highly active electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation reaction
Authors: Guo Wenjing , Wang Jingwei , Yan Hongliang
Published: March 2022

Platinum-based alloys have always been considered as more efficient and economical electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) compared with the traditional monometallic Platinum catalysts. Among them, PtCo bimetallic alloys are typical representatives which in many cases display prominent catalytic properties. Herein, rhombic dodecahedral PtCo nanocrystals (PtCo RDs) were obtained by a simple solvothermal method by using ascorbic acid as the reducing agent and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) as the stabilizing and structure-directing agent. The resultant PtCo RDs exhibit remarkably enhanced catalytic activity toward MOR in comparison with the commercial Pt/C catalyst. Its specific and mass activities are 3.8 mA/cm2 and 0.76 A/mg, respectively, which are 6.3 times and 2.5 times that of Pt/C catalyst. Moreover, the PtCo RDs show improved catalytic stability. We hope that this research can provide new insight into the design of catalysts in this field.
Embedding and the rotational dimension of a graph containing a clique
Authors: Gomyou Takumi
Published: March 2022

The rotational dimension is a minor-monotone graph invariant related to the dimension of a Euclidean space containing a spectral embedding corresponding to the first nonzero eigenvalue of the graph Laplacian, which is introduced by Göring, Helmberg and Wappler. In this paper, we study rotational dimensions of graphs which contain large complete graphs. The complete graph is characterized by its rotational dimension. It will be obtained that a chordal graph may be made large while keeping the rotational dimension constant.