bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Case report: Interstitial lung disease of XELOEX chemotherapy with cetuximab in advanced colon cancer induced
Authors: Shao Yanfei , Hu Jieru , Yao Haibo , Jiang Menglao , Song Zhouye
Published: December 2023

Introduction:

This paper presents a case of a Chinese patient with advanced colon cancer who developed drug-induced interstitial lung disease while undergoing treatment with cetuximab combined with XELOX.

Patient concerns:

A 75-year-old man with a history of colon cancer, had metastases in the liver, peritoneum, and lungs, which were initially treated with XELOX and cetuximab (0.4 g) in 2019. However, the lung metastases progressed, and the cetuximab dosage was adjusted to 0.9 g and then readjusted to 0.4 g.

Diagnosis:

In January 2021, computed tomography revealed developed interstitial lung disease, leading to the discontinuation of chemotherapy and cetuximab.

Interventions:

Receiving methylprednisolone pulse therapy.

Outcomes:

The patient experienced respiratory failure and passed away. The Naranjo Algorithm Assessment score indicated a probable relationship between cetuximab and the adverse event.

Conclusion:

This case highlights the need for regular pulmonary imaging examinations during cetuximab therapy, as drug-induced interstitial lung disease may be associated with the dose and duration of treatment.
Sotorasib versus Docetaxel for treatment of US and Chinese patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with KRAS p.G12C-mutated: A cost-effectiveness analysis to inform drug pricing
Authors: Jiang Yunlin , Zhao Mingye , Liu Ruolin , Zheng Xueping
Published: December 2023

Background:

The cost-effectiveness of sotorasib and its reasonable price in the United States (US) and China remain unknown. Our objective was to estimate the price at which sotorasib could be economical as second-line treatment for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients with Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog p.G12C-mutation in 2 countries.

Methods:

We conducted an economic evaluation from the perspective of US and Chinese payers. To analyze US patients, we built a partitioned survival model. However, since we lacked Asian-specific overall survival data, we created a state transition model for the Chinese patients. We obtained patients’ baseline characteristics and clinical data from CodeBreaK200, while utilities and costs were gathered from public databases and published literature. We calculated costs (US dollar), life years, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. We conducted price simulation to guide pricing strategies. Additionally, we assessed the reliability of our results through sensitivity analyses, scenario analyses, and subgroup analyses.

Results:

The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of sotorasib compared to docetaxel were $1501,852 per quality-adjusted life-years (QALY) in the US and $469,106/QALY in China, respectively, which meant sotorasib was unlikely to be economical at the currently available price of $20,878 (240 × 120 mg) in both countries. Price simulation results revealed that sotorasib would be preferred at a price lower than $1400 at the willingness-to-pay threshold of $37,376 in China and a price lower than $2220 at the willingness-to-pay threshold of $150,000 in the US. Sensitivity, scenario, and subgroup analyses showed that these conclusions were generally robust, the model was most sensitive to the utilities of progression-free survival and post-progression survival.

Conclusions:

Sotorasib could potentially be a cost-effective therapy in the US and China following price reductions. Our evidence-based pricing strategy can assist decision-makers and clinicians in making optimal decisions. However, further analysis of budget impact and affordability is needed.
Discussion on the influence of optimizing the perioperative management on the recovery after laparoscopic hysterectomy
Authors: Bai Suning , Wu Qi , Wu Wenfei , Song Liyun
Published: December 2023

The concept of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) was first proposed by Professor Kehlet from the University of Copenhagen in Denmark in 1997. The aim is to optimize multiple perioperative management measures, promote rapid postoperative recovery, shorten hospital stay, and reduce surgical related costs, this article explores the effect of optimizing perioperative bowel preparation and diet management under the strategy of ERAS on the postoperative recovery of patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy for benign gynecological diseases. We selected 90 patients who underwent laparoscopic total hysterectomy for benign gynecological diseases at Hebei General Hospital from June 2018 to June 2019, these patients are between the ages of 40 and 65. Divide these 90 patients into an experimental group and a control group using a random number table method (n = 45). The experimental group of patients applied the concept of accelerated rehabilitation surgery for perioperative intestinal preparation and dietary management. The control group patients received routine perioperative management. Compare the first postoperative exhaust time, first postoperative defecation time, incision healing status 7 days after surgery, and pelvic infection status 1 month after surgery between 2 groups of patients. The first postoperative exhaust time and first postoperative bowel movement time of the experimental group patients were shorter than those of the control group (P < .05), and the difference was statistically significant; The incidence of poor incision healing 7 days after surgery was lower than that of the control group (P < .05), and the difference was statistically significant; There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of postoperative pelvic infection between the experimental group and the control group (P > .05). Perioperative intestinal preparation and dietary management under the concept of accelerated rehabilitation surgery can promote postoperative recovery of patients undergoing laparoscopic total hysterectomy, promote incision healing, and have good safety.
Regorafenib therapy as a third-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: A single center long term experience
Authors: Ozkan Merve , Oflazoglu Utku , Yildiz Yaşar , Güc Zeynep G. , Salman Tarik , Ünal Sinan , Kücükzeybek Yüksel , Alacacioglu Ahmet
Published: December 2023

This study examined the effects of regorafenib (Reg) on progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events (AEs) in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients who underwent targeted treatment and chemotherapy. Reg was administered as a third-line treatment to 84 patients who had undergone 2 rounds of chemotherapy and targeted therapy and subsequently experienced progression. Treatment was initiated with a daily dose of 80 or 120 mg, based on the patient’s ability to tolerate the medication, which was increased to 160 mg/day. The median PFS with Reg was 4 ± 0.2 months, while the median OS was 9 ± 1.2 months. When compared to patients who started Reg treatment at 80 mg, patients starting at 160 mg had longer median PFS and OS (PFS:6 ± 2.1 months vs 4 ± 0.2 months; P = .05; OS:13 ± 0.7 months vs 6 ± 1.3 months; P = .069). Patients with right-sided colon cancer who received Reg as third-line therapy had a significantly longer mPFS than those with left-sided colon cancer (8 months ± 4 vs 4 months ± 0.3, P = .039). Patients with KRAS mutations had a prolonged mPFS than those with panRAS-wild type (6 ± 1.6 months vs 4 ± 0.3 months, P = .06). The mPFS contribution in the BRAF mutant subgroup with poor prognosis is promising, as it is similar to that of patients without BRAF mutations (4 months ± 0.8 × 4 months ± 0.5, P = .74). The most common AEs reported were elevated liver enzyme levels and dermatological toxicities.
Palmar reconstruction using full-thickness skin grafts from the groin and lateral malleolus regions: A comparison of long-term outcomes
Authors: Choi Jun Ho , Lee Soo Hyuk , Kim Kwang Seog , Shin Jun Ho , Hwang Jae Ha , Lee Sam Yong
Published: December 2023

Using the skin of the lateral malleolus region for reconstruction of smaller areas of the palm may yield better outcomes than using the skin of the groin region. However, no previous study has provided long-term data comparing the groin and lateral malleolus regions as donor sites for full-thickness skin grafts (FTSGs) in palmar reconstruction. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the groin and lateral malleolus regions as donor sites for FTSGs in palmar reconstruction over a long-term follow-up period. The patients were classified into groin and lateral malleolus region groups (n = 15 each). Measurements were obtained at the graft site, the contralateral site corresponding to the graft site, and the donor site. A chromameter was used to measure skin color, and the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) was used to evaluate the scar at the skin graft site. Compared to the groin region group, the lateral malleolus region group showed skin colors that were closer to the original color of the palm in terms of lightness and red/green values. Additionally, the lateral malleolus region group received better esthetic ratings in the POSAS. Our results revealed that using the lateral malleolus region for FTSGs in palmar reconstruction resulted in better outcomes than using the groin region, even over a long period.
Efficacy and safety of different traditional Chinese health exercises in patients with coronary heart disease combined with chronic heart failure: A network meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Xiwei , Pang Shuwen , Zhao Yueli , Qian Jing , Zhong Jiahui , Liu Shuai
Published: December 2023

Background:

Non-pharmacological treatments, particularly TCM health exercises, have garnered attention for their affordability, ease of access, and potential health advantages. Despite this interest, systematic and direct comparative studies assessing the effectiveness and safety of these therapies in patients with CHD-CHF remain scarce.

Methods:

This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of conventional treatment, conventional treatment integrated with aerobic endurance training, and various TCM health exercises in treating patients with CHD-CHF using NMA. The analysis was designed to provide a reference for developing treatment plans. To achieve this, literature databases were searched for RCTs on different TCM health exercises for CHD-CHF patients up to December 6, 2022. Major outcomes analyzed included NT-proBNP, LVEF, 6-minute walk test, MLHFQ, clinical effectiveness, and adverse event occurrence. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was employed to assess the risk of bias in the included RCT studies. Systematic review with NMA was conducted using RevMan 5.4 and Stata for cumulative ranking, and comparative adjustment funnel plot analysis.

Results:

Traditional Chinese medicine gong methods included BaDuanJin (A) and TaiChiQuan (B). The NMA and SUCRA results revealed that: A + D and A + C + D were most likely to be the best interventions to improve NT-proBNP; B + D and A + C + D were most likely to be the best interventions to improve LVEF; A + D and A + C + D were the best interventions to improve 6WMT in CHD-CHF patients; B + C + D had the best effect on shrinking LVESD;A + D and B + C + D was likely the best interventions for contracting LVEDD;B + D and A + D were consistent in their capacity to improve MLHFQ in patients with CHD-CHF, but B + D had better efficacy. Unlike A + C + D, B + C + D was the best intervention to improve MLHFQ. In contrast with interventions, including Dand C + D, B + D was the most clinically effective intervention. Unlike interventions including B + C + D, C + D, and D, A + C + D was the most clinically efficient intervention.

Conclusion:

The findings of this NMA showed that traditional Chinese health exercises integrated with conventional treatment are more effective than conventional treatment (D) alone in patients with CHD-CHF, with A + D, B + D, B + C + D, and A + C + D considered potentially optimal treatment interventions.
PRISMA-the 100 most-cited articles on chondrosarcoma recurrence: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Xin Baoquan , Bai Guangjian , Gao Pan , Huang Xing , Liu Tielong
Published: December 2023

Background:

Chondrosarcoma (CHS) is highly prone to recurrence and has become the most common malignant bone tumor in adults. The authors aim to identify and analyze the top 100 most-cited articles in this field, enabling researchers to quickly grasp the research focus and progress in the area of chondrosarcoma recurrence.

Methods:

A search in the Web of Science database yielded a total of 305 articles related to CHS recurrence between 2013 and 2022. Filtering was done based on the titles and abstracts of the articles in the list, and the top 100 most-cited articles were selected. The following information were analyzed using bibliometric methods: article title, first author, year of publication, journal of publication, total citations, country, institution, and keywords.

Results:

Among the selected 100 articles, the most frequently cited one has 224 citations. The most commonly appearing journals, institutions, and countries are as follows: “Clinical Orthopaedics Related Research” (5 times); Fudan University, University of Texas System, and Royal Orthopaedic Hospital (4 times each), with China and the USA cited the most (21 times each). The year 2018 is the most productive year (17 articles). About 97 first authors contributed one article each, and 3 had 2 articles each. Among all 229 keywords, the top 3 in frequency are CHS (20%), recurrence (4%), and surgery (3%). Twenty article topics are related to surgical treatment.

Conclusion:

Research on CHS recurrence is citation-rich but focuses more on treatments than understanding mechanisms, indicating a need for deeper mechanistic exploration for treatment breakthroughs in the future.
Construction of monocyte-related prognosis model based on comprehensive analysis of bulk RNA-seq and single-cell RNA-seq in high-grade serous ovarian cancer
Authors: Xu Ye , Tan Shu , Huang Wei , Wang Yao-Xian
Published: December 2023

High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is a common subtype of ovarian cancer with high mortality. Finding a new biomarker is useful for the diagnosis and treatment of HGSOC. The scRNA and bulk RNA data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. The monocyte-related clusters were identified and annotated by Seruat and SingleR package. The Kaplan–Meier and receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the prognosis. The differentially expressed genes were determined by limma. The single sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, Gene Ontology, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes were used for the enrichment function. The correlation between drug activity and gene expression was assessed by rcellminer and rcellminer Data package. We identified 9 cell types and obtained 37 differentially expressed marker genes of monocyte. A2M, CD163, and FPR1 were screened out as hub genes and used to construct risk model in HGSOC through univariate and multivariate cox analysis. Single sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis showed risk score was related to B cell and T cell signal pathways, and further analysis showed most immune checkpoint genes expressions were upregulated in high-risk score group. The Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis exhibited that hub gene related genes were involved in signal receptor binding and cytokine-cytokine interaction. Low A2M expression and high expression of CD163 and FPR1 were associated with poor prognosis. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis revealed that A2M promoted tumor development through enhancing immune cell related signal pathways, while CD163 and FPR1 inhibited tumor development through activated carcinogenic signal pathways. Drug sensitivity analysis revealed that these hub genes could be potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of HGSOC. We constructed a risk model for the overall survival and explored the potential mechanism of monocyte in HGSOC.
Integrating network pharmacology and experimental verification to explore the mechanism of Tripterygium wilfordii in ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Chen Yuening , Liu Zhaoyi , Yu Qing , Qu Xinning , Liu Hongxiao
Published: December 2023

Objective:

This study aimed to validate the mechanism of triptolide in treating ankylosing spondylitis (AS) through network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vitro experiments.

Methods:

We gathered AS-related genes using databases including DrugBank, OMIM, GeneCards, TTD and DisGeNET. TCMSP database was used to collect Tripterygium wilfordii (TWHF)-related data. Additionally, the potential targets of TWHF in treating AS were predicted by consulting databases such as Venny, String, Cytoscape, and Cytohubba. Subsequently, a protein-protein interaction network was created and the gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis were performed by metascape database. After selecting the most active ingredient of TWHF, molecular docking was performed to confirm the predicted results. Furthermore, we explore the potential mechanism of the most active ingredient of TWHF in the treatment of AS in vitro.

Result:

By integrating the results of network pharmacological analysis, 62 genes were found to be strongly associated with AS, such as STAT3, TNF, MMP9, VEGFA, CXCL8, PTGS2, etc. Triptolide (TP) is one of the most active ingredients in TWHF. The enrichment analysis indicated that 292 biological processes and 132 signaling pathways were involved, with the T helper 17 cells cell differentiation pathway as the key pathway. TP was selected for molecular docking and in vitro experiments. The molecular docking results indicated that TP had excellent affinity with 6 key targets. Further, flow cytometry, cell counting assay, and ELISA demonstrated that the serum level of IL-17 was higher in AS patients compared to XXX, and 25 μg/mL TP was the optimal intervention concentration. RT-qPCR and Western blotting further verified that TP could inhibit the activation of RORγt and the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, based on network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental verification in vitro, we proposed that the TP can inhibit the activation of RORγt and the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and inhibit the differentiation of T helper 17 cells cells. The article provide a theoretical basis for further development and utilization of TWHF in AS management.
Macrophages in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Liang Sai , Wang Ji , Ma Zhaolei , Yu Ming , Gong Zheng-Peng
Published: December 2023

Introduction:

The tumor microenvironment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is densely infiltrated by macrophages. Utilizing bibliometric analysis, the characteristics, hotspots for research, and research frontiers related to macrophages in HNSCC were reviewed.

Methods:

The Web of Science Core Collection database was queried for relevant articles published from 2000 to 2022. VOSviewer and CiteSpace software were utilized to evaluate and visualize macrophage-related HNSCC research trends and hotspots.

Results:

Assessment of original articles revealed that the annual number of publications regarding the role of macrophages in HNSCC has increased steadily over the past 23 years. China produced the most articles, whereas the United States had the highest number of citations and highest H-index. Wuhan University and Oral Oncology were the most productive affiliation and journal, respectively. The paper published by Bray et al in the CA-A Cancer Journal for Clinicians in 2018 had the greatest number of citations. The keywords “expression,” “cancer,” and “tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs)” occurred most frequently.

Conclusions:

This bibliometric investigation discovered that publications about macrophages in HNSCC are steadily increasing. The majority of studies focused on macrophage polarization, macrophage markers, and inflammation in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, our bibliometric analysis revealed that the immunosuppressive role of tumor-associated macrophages in the tumor microenvironment and resistance to therapy in HNSCC have recently received attention.
Intradural extramedullary spinal choristoma: A case report
Authors: Wu XueRui , Cheng Xue-Liang , Kang Ming-Yang , Dong Rong-Peng , Qu Yang , Zhao Jian-Wu
Published: December 2023

Rationale:

A choristoma is a rare and benign neoplasm characterized by the presence of normal tissue in an anomalous anatomical location. In contrast, choristoma tend to occur in other body regions rather than within the spinal canal. Before our findings, only 4 cases of intraspinal choristoma had been recorded. Because its composition is complex and very rare, routine examinations, such as magnetic resonance imaging, are difficult to diagnose, and the possibility of its occurrence is often missed in clinical diagnosis. If there is no specificity in its components, such as in this case, even pathological examinations can only confirm the diagnosis as choristoma after eliminating other possibilities. Therefore, in clinical practice, when encountering patients with intraspinal tumors, it is essential to consider the possibility of choristoma. In this case, the choristoma lack of specific constituent composition sets it apart from previously reported intraspinal choristoma, significantly raising the diagnostic challenge, which offers valuable insights for clinical diagnosis.

Patient concerns:

A female patient aged 48 years was admitted to our medical center due to experiencing persistent lower back pain accompanied by radiating pain in both legs for 5 months. Based on the findings from the neurological physical examination and magnetic resonance imaging, the patient was diagnosed with an intradural space-occupying lesion located at the level of the first lumbar vertebral body. We performed an enhanced magnetic resonance neurography examination to further determine the positional relationship between the occupation and nerves in preparation for surgery. Postoperative pathological biopsy showed that the mass was an intraspinal choristoma.

Diagnosis:

Intradural extramedullary spinal choristoma.

Intervention:

Occupied lesion is removed surgically.

Outcomes:

After surgery, all symptoms were significantly relieved, and when the patient was discharged, all symptoms disappeared completely. There was no sign of recurrence after 1 year of follow-up.

Lessons:

Intraspinal choristomas are not specific and need to be diagnosed by pathologic examination. Early detection of and intervention for intraspinal tumors can mitigate nerve dysfunction.
Neonatal Kabuki syndrome caused by KMT2D mutation: A case report
Authors: Li Zhang , Ning Zou
Published: December 2023

Background:

Kabuki syndrome (KS) is an autosomal dominant inherited syndrome that involves multiple organs and systems. Gene mutation is the main cause of KS. The reported mutations in X-linked histone H3 lysine 4 methylase (KMT2D) and KDM6A genes are 2 relatively clear pathogenic pathways. In this paper, we report a case of KS with neonatal hypoglycemia and special features caused by KMT2D gene mutation confirmed by whole exome sequencing, it enriched the clinical phenotype spectrum and gene mutation spectrum of KS, which helps to improve the understanding of the disease.

Case report:

Through whole exome sequencing, we performed gene diagnosis of a newborn child with special facial features and multiple malformations, which revealed heterozygous mutation of NM_003482.3:c.755dupA(p.His252Glnfs*21) in KMT2D gene. It is consistent with the pathogenesis of KS, an autosomal dominat genetic disease caused by KMT2D gene mutation. This pathogenic mutation has not been prebiously reported.

Discussion:

KS has strong clinical characteristics and biological heterogeneity. Genetic diagnosis can help identify mutant gene types. However, the relationship between genotype and phenotype has not been fully clarified. The molecular etiological mechanism still needs to be further explored and elucidated.
Identification of hub genes and drug candidates for NF2-related vestibular schwannoma by bioinformatics tools
Authors: Yuan Jiasheng , Fu Yanpeng , Liu Yuehui
Published: December 2023

Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2)-related vestibular schwannoma (NF2-VS) is a rare genetic disorder that results in bilateral acoustic neuromas. However, the exact pathogenesis of the disease is still unclear. This study aims to use bioinformatics analyses to identify potential hub genes and therapeutic. We retrieved the mRNA expression profiles (GSE108524 and GSE141801) of NF2-VS from the database, and selected the leading 25% genes with the most variance across samples for weighted correlation network analysis. Subsequently, we conducted gene ontology term and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes signaling network enrichment analyses. The STRING database was employed for protein-protein interaction (PPI) axis construction. The mRNA-miRNA modulatory network was generated via the miRTarBase database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified via the R package “limma” in both datasets, and hub genes were screened via intersection of common DEGs, candidate hub genes from the PPI axis, and candidate hub genes from the key module. Finally, common DEGs were uploaded onto the connectivity map database to determine drug candidates. Based on our observations, the blue module exhibited the most significant relation to NF2-VS, and it included the NF2 gene. Using enrichment analysis, we demonstrated that the blue modules were intricately linked to modulations of cell proliferation, migration, adhesion, junction, and actin skeleton. Overall, 356 common DEGs were screened in both datasets, and 33 genes carrying a degree > 15 were chosen as candidate hub genes in the PPI axis. Subsequently, 4 genes, namely, GLUL, CAV1, MYH11, and CCND1 were recognized as real hub genes. In addition, 10 drugs with enrichment scores < −0.7 were identified as drug candidates. Our conclusions offered a novel insight into the potential underlying mechanisms behind NF2-VS. These findings may facilitate the identification of novel therapeutic targets in the future.
Challenges and diagnosis in therapy of secondary amenorrhoea in caesarean section patient with postpartum haemorrhage B-lynch sutures: a case report
Authors: Harzif Achmad Kemal , Nurbaeti Putri , Andyra Azizah Fitriayu , Wiweko Budi
Published: December 2023

Introduction and importance:

International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) and WHO report the incidence of postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) reaches 1–10% and contributes to an increase in postpartum maternal mortality with uterine atony as the most common cause. B-Lynch method is a suturing technique to overcome PPH. Although this method has proven useful as an emergency life-saving measure, the post-procedure complications are still able to occur.

Presentation of case:

The patient was not menstruating for 14 months after giving birth through caesarean section with B-Lynch due to PPH. Before pregnancy, she had regular menstruation cycle and normal menstrual duration. Her general and gynaecological status were normal. Ultrasound showed the impression of uterine hypoplasia and endometrium that were difficult to assess while both ovaries were normal. Diagnostic hysteroscopy showed a severe degree of Asherman’s syndrome. The results of FSH, LH and estradiol were normal.

Discussion:

B-lynch suture is performed as a method to stop PPH in uterine atony. Secondary amenorrhoea occurs as a complication of B-lynch. Compression action of B-lynch can cause progressive myometrium necrosis resulting in synechiae and blockade of uterine blood flow. This will interfere with the development of the uterus. Intrauterine adhesions and amenorrhoea with normal levels of FSH, LH, and estradiol support the diagnosis of Asherman’s syndrome.

Conclusion:

This case shows that the B-Lynch procedure, which is the worldwide recommended method for treating postpartum haemorrhage due to its high success rate, can cause complications of Asherman’s syndrome and cause secondary amenorrhoea.
Un-diagnosed coarctation of the aorta in a 27-year-old adult with a rare presentation: a rare case report
Authors: Shhada Eman , Saleh Mohannad , Kf Alghazal Mohammad A. , Wasel Naser
Published: December 2023

Introduction and importance:

Coarctation of the aorta (COA) is a rare form of congenital heart disease that is typically diagnosed in children. COA is known to present with hypertension, weak or absent femoral pulses, heart failure in older patients, but the presentation of COA as calf atrophy is extremely rare. This article reports the successful surgical repair of a 27-year-old adult with undiagnosed COA.

Case presentation:

A 27-year-old-male has presented with calf atrophy, which was diagnosed as COA transthoracic echocardiography and computed tomography angiography indicate COA, which is treated with successful surgical repair.

Clinical discussion:

COA is typically diagnosed in children with a rare incidence in adults. Calf atrophy is an extremely rare presentation and uncommon. He has calf atrophy, which led to the diagnosis of COA in 27 years. The presentation in this medium-aged population with this rare manifestation gives our case significance to be one of the unique reported cases.

Conclusion:

COA is uncommon to be found in adults and the presentation with calf atrophy is even rare. The authors revealed that COA can be found in adults and with an unexpected manifestation and highlights the significance of early detection, and timely referral to a specialist can enable proper management, which includes surgical correction.
Quality of Life in Chinese Youth Following Open Thyroid Surgery
Authors: Zhu Pingting , Zhang Hui , Gu Xinyue , Ding Yinwen , Qian Meiyan , Wang Wen , Shi Guanghui , Lee Amanda
Published: December 2023

Background

Because of the increased incidence of thyroid cancer and good survival rates and with research into scarless techniques, it is increasingly important to understand the quality of life of thyroid cancer patients and identify areas for improvement. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the importance of neck appearance after thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer survivors in China.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of scarring after open thyroid surgery on the quality of life of young patients.

Methods

A descriptive qualitative design was used. Data were collected using face-to-face semistructured interviews and analyzed using directed content analysis.

Results

Five men and 19 women participated in the study. The following 3 broad themes and 9 subthemes emerged, which were (1) emotional functioning, including low self-esteem due to high visibility of scars, concerns and helplessness about scarring lesions, and feelings of isolation due to lack of support; (2) social functioning, including restricted choice of employment, avoidance of socializing with others, and reduced participation in social activities; and (3) information seeking, acceptance, and living with the scar, including bargaining, seeking professional help, and use of social media.

Conclusions

After open surgery for thyroid cancer, patients experience a variety of scarring features that affect their quality of life. Therefore, preoperative communication and long-term postoperative care should be emphasized in clinical practice and research.

Implications for practice

Understanding the experience of carrying scars after thyroid cancer surgery helps provide adequate information, expectation management, and informed decision-making.
STI Prevention Perspectives in Black Men who have Sex with Men Taking PrEP in New Orleans
Authors: Clement Meredith E. , Beckford Jeremy , Lovett Aish , Siren Julia , Adorno Marie , Legrand Sara , Bennett Marsha , Taylor Jamilah , Hanlen-Rosado Emily , Perry Brian , Corneli Amy
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Profound sexual health disparities exist for Black men who have sex with men (MSM) in the US South, including high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). STI prevention strategies beyond condoms are needed for Black MSM taking PrEP.

Methods

We conducted in-depth interviews with Black MSM taking PrEP in New Orleans, Louisiana. Informed by the Health Belief Model, we asked about participants’ perceived susceptibility, severity, and concerns regarding STIs, and perceived benefits of STI prevention. We also asked about willingness to use various STI prevention strategies, including antibiotic prophylaxis. Interviews were audio-recorded and analyzed using applied thematic analysis.

Results

We interviewed 24 Black MSM ages 18 to 36; half had a recent STI diagnosis. Most participants were concerned about receiving an STI diagnosis, noting shame or disappointment; physical effects were concerning but infrequently considered. Participants described being less likely to use condoms with routine partners or those taking PrEP. Most reported being willing to engage in each of the six prevention strategies discussed.

Conclusion

Black MSM taking PrEP voiced concern about STIs and many noted they infrequently use condoms. They were willing to engage in methods focused on preventing STIs on an individual- or population-level.
Integrated response to address a resurgent syphilis epidemic in a rural American Indian community, Whiteriver, Arizona, January 2022 – June 2023
Authors: Close Ryan M. , McKinney Michelle , Weigle Alex , Thompson Trevor , McAuley James
Published: December 2023

Background

The United States has seen a significant rise in syphilis over the past twenty years with a disparate impact on American Indian communities. We conducted a thorough review of the local epidemiology that guided an innovative response to curb the epidemic.

Methods

We analyzed syphilis data from a hospital in rural Arizona that serves an American Indian population of over 18,000. Testing data was extracted from 2017-2023 with detailed chart reviews of all reactive results since January 2022. Descriptive and comparative statistics were computed using parametric and non-parametric methods where appropriate.

Results

Among 5,888 tested persons, 555 (9.4%) had reactive results and 277 (4.7%) represented new infections. Among new cases, 151 (54.5%) were female and 55 (19.9%) were reinfections. The annualized incidence rate was 10.0 cases per 1000 persons with peak annualized incidence among women ages 30-34 years of 22.6 infections per 1000 persons. During the observation period and after the implementation of programmatic changes in June 2022, there were statistically significant reductions in median time to treatment (-80%), test positivity (-70%), infections (-60%) and no congenital syphilis cases during the observation period.

Conclusions

We observed significantly elevated syphilis rates in AI/AN persons compared to the general population. Strategic implementation of new policies and practices led to a measurable and meaningful improvement in several epidemic variables and our experience may serve as a model to other communities.
Genomic analysis of Shigella isolates from Lebanon reveals marked genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Yassine Iman , Rafei Rayane , Pardos de la Gandara Maria , Osman Marwan , Fabre Laetitia , Dabboussi Fouad , Hamze Monzer , Weill François-Xavier
Published: December 2023

In this study, we characterized 54 clinical isolates of

Shigella

collected in North Lebanon between 2009 and 2017 through phenotypic and genomic analyses. The most prevalent serogroup was S. sonnei, accounting for 46.3 % (25/54) of the isolates, followed by

S. flexneri

(27.8 %, 15/54),

S. boydii

(18.5 %, 10/54) and

S. dysenteriae

(7.4 %, 4/54). Only three isolates were pan-susceptible, and 87 % (47/54) of the isolates had multidrug resistance phenotypes. Notably, 27.8 % (15/54) of the isolates were resistant to third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs) and 77.8 % (42/54) were resistant to nalidixic acid. 3GC resistance was mediated by the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes bla
CTX-M-15 and bla
CTX-M-3, which were present on various plasmids. Quinolone resistance was conferred by single point mutations in the gyrA DNA gyrase gene, leading to GyrA S83L, GyrA D87Y or GyrA S83A amino acid substitutions. This is the first study, to our knowledge, to provide genomic insights into the serotypes of

Shigella

circulating in Lebanon and the various antimicrobial resistance determinants carried by these strains.
Predicting Optimal Patient-Specific Postoperative Facial Landmarks for Patients with Craniomaxillofacial Deformities
Authors: Lee Jungwook , Kim Daeseung , Xu Xuanang , Kuang Tianshu , Gateno Jaime , Yan Pingkun
Published: December 2023

1

Orthognathic surgery traditionally focuses on correcting skeletal abnormalities and malocclusion, with the expectation that an optimal facial appearance will naturally follow. However, this skeletal-driven approach can lead to undesirable facial aesthetics and residual asymmetry. To address these issues, a soft-tissue-driven planning method has been proposed. This innovative method bases bone movement estimates on the targeted ideal facial appearance, thus increasing the surgical plan’s accuracy and effectiveness. This study explores the initial phase of implementing a soft-tissue-driven approach, simulating the patient’s optimal facial look by repositioning deformed facial landmarks to an ideal state. The algorithm incorporates symmetrization and weighted optimization strategies, aligning projected optimal landmarks with standard cephalometric values for both facial symmetry and form, which are integral to facial aesthetics in orthognathic surgery. It also includes regularization to preserve the patient’s original facial characteristics. Validated using retrospective analysis of data from both preoperative patients and normal subjects, this approach effectively achieves not only facial symmetry, particularly in the lower face, but also a more natural and normalized facial form. This novel approach, aligning with soft-tissue-driven planning principles, shows promise in surpassing traditional methods, potentially leading to enhanced facial outcomes and patient satisfaction in orthognathic surgery.
Anin vitromodel of acute horizontal basal cell activation reveals dynamic gene regulatory networks underlying the acute activation phase
Authors: Barrios-Camacho Camila M. , Zunitch Matthew J. , Louie Jonathan D. , Jang Woochan , Schwob James E.
Published: December 2023

Horizontal basal cells (HBCs) activate only in response to severe olfactory epithelium (OE) injury. This activation is mediated by the loss of the transcription factor TP63. Using the compound phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), we find that we can model the process of acute HBC activation. First, we find that PMA treatment induces a rapid loss in TP63 protein and induces the expression of HOPX and the nuclear translocation of RELA, previously identified to mediate HBC activation. Using bulk RNA sequencing, we find that PMA-treated HBCs pass through various stages of acute activation identifiable by transcriptional regulatory signatures that mimic stages identifiedin vivo. These temporal stages are associated with varying degrees of engraftment and differentiation potential in transplantation assays. Together, this data shows that our model can model physiologically relevant features of HBC activation and identifies new candidates for mechanistic testing.
SPDesign: protein sequence designer based on structural sequence profile using ultrafast shape recognition
Authors: Wang Hui , Liu Dong , Zhao Kai-Long , Wang Ya-Jun , Zhang Gui-Jun
Published: December 2023

Designing protein with specified structure and function involves a key component named sequence design, which can provide valuable insights into understanding the life systems as well for the diagnosis and therapy of diseases. Although deep learning methods have made great progress in protein sequence design, most of these studies focus on network structure optimization, while ignoring protein-specific physicochemical features. Inspired by the successful application of structure templates and pre-trained models in the field of protein structure prediction, we explored whether the representation of structural sequence profile can be used for protein sequence design. In this work, we proposed SPDesign, a method for protein sequence design based on structural sequence profile using ultrafast shape recognition. Given an input back-bone structure, SPDesign utilizes ultrafast shape recognition vectors to accelerate the search for similar protein structures (aka, structural analogs) in our in-house PAcluster80 structure database, and then extracts the sequence profile from the analogs through structure alignment. Combined with structural pre-trained knowledge and geometric features, they are further feed into an enhanced graph neural network to predict the sequence. Experimental results show that SPDesign significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods, such as ProteinMPNN, Pifold and LM-Design, leading to 21.89%, 15.54% and 11.4% accuracy gains in sequence recovery rate on CATH 4.2 benchmark, respectively. Encouraging results also have been achieved on the TS50 and TS500 benchmarks, with performance reaching 68.64% and 71.63%. Furthermore, detailed analysis conducted by the PDBench tool suggest that SPDesign performs well in subdivided structures such as buried residues and solenoid. More interestingly, we found that SPDesign can well reconstruct the sequences of some proteins that have similar structures but different sequences. Finally, the structural modeling verification experiment bears out that the sequences designed by our method can fold into the native structures more accurately.
Synergistic activity of dispersin B and benzoyl peroxide againstCutibacterium acnesbiofilms
Authors: Kaplan Jeffrey B.
Published: December 2023

Cutibacterium acneshas been implicated in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris.C. acnesforms biofilms which may contribute to host colonization and antimicrobial resistance. Poly-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG) is an exopolysaccharide that mediatesC. acnesbiofilm formation. In this study we investigated the ability of the PNAG-degrading enzyme dispersin B to sensitizeC. acnesbiofilms to killing by the anti-acne agent benzoyl peroxide (BPO).C. acnesbiofilms were cultured aerobically in glass tubes in the presence ofStaphylococcus epidermidiswhich has been shown to stimulateC. acnesbiofilm formation. Biofilms were treated with 5-80 μg/ml dispersin B and/or 0.1-2.5% BPO. Treatment of biofilms with dispersin B or BPO alone resulted in a 1-2 log reductionC. acnesCFUs, whereas treatment of biofilms with dispersin B followed by BPO resulted in a >6 log reduction inC. acnesCFUs. Concentrations as low as 5 μg/ml dispersin B and 0.5% BPO efficiently eradicatedC. acnesfrom the dual-species biofilm. Our findings confirm that PNAG protectsC. acnesfrom benzoyl peroxide killing and demonstrate that dispersin B and BPO act synergistically to killC. acnesbiofilm cells. Dispersin B may be a useful adjunct to BPO for the treatment and prevention of acne.
Rapid population recovery of a foundation species from experimental small-scale harvesting
Authors: Fica-Rojas Eliseo , López Daniela N. , Pérez-Matus Alejandro , Valdivia Nelson
Published: December 2023

Ecological stability is central to understand how disturbances challenge the persistence of populations and communities through time, particularly when species with strong effects on other species are disturbed. The bull kelpDurvillaea incurvatais a foundation habitat forming species that provides habitat, food, and shelter for various species, and supports the livelihoods of human communities along the southeast Pacific coast of Chile. Harvesting ofD. incurvatahas raised concerns about the long-term viability of its populations, but the stability responses of bull kelps to anthropogenic disturbances are still unclear. Here, we conducted a manipulative field experiment in which we removed once all individuals of the bull kelp from two sites in southern Chile. We simulated the loss of bull kelps to harvesting in 1-m2-plots interspersed in matrices of denseD. incurvatastands. Fronds cannot regrow from the holdfasts after harvesting. Holdfasts were therefore also removed, a practice not typically carried out by local gatherers. For 25 months we quantified bull kelp recruitment, holdfast densities, percent cover, mean frond size and density, biomass, and population size structure in two rocky intertidal sites. In both sites, all metrics completely recovered within five to seven months. The removal ofD. incurvatadid not have a significant impact on recruitment, which was constant during the experiment. The relatively small spatial scale of the disturbances, constant recruitment provided by the surrounding bull kelp matrix, and the removal of holdfasts that released settlement substratum may have allowed for the strong stability responses in these populations. Therefore, spatial heterogeneity, which allows for settles to colonize the disturbed plots, should be prioritized in management strategies of natural seaweeds stands.
Corticopostural functional and effective connectivity reveal cortical control of postural sway velocity during quiet standing
Authors: Fauvet Maxime , Ziane Clara , Archambault-Levesque Ludovic , Fornerone Théo , Dal Maso Fabien
Published: December 2023

Background

Despite a large body of evidence showing the involvement of the sensorimotor cortex in postural control, its exact role remains unclear. Models of postural control outcomes suggested that the velocity of the center of pressure is a crucial parameter to maintain balance. Inspired by corticokinematic coherence, we hypothesized that cortical oscillations and the velocity of the center of pressure (CoP) would synchronize and that this synchronization would increase with postural task difficulty during quiet standing.

Methods

We compared the magnitude of coherence and Granger causality computed between brain oscillations recorded with electroencephalography and the center of pressure velocity in the Delta and Theta frequency bands obtained from 23 participants performing four quiet standing tasks with various levels of difficulty. The effect of postural task difficulty and information flow direction were tested with a linear mixed model while non-parametric correlations were computed between coherence magnitude and postural performance measured by 95% confidence ellipse area and mean center of pressure velocity.

Results

We found significant coherence between the Cz EEG electrode and CoP velocity in the Delta and Theta frequency bands. This EEG-CoP velocity coherence significantly increased with task difficulty in the Delta (F = 18.8, p < 0.001) and Theta (F = 7.83, p < 0.001) bands. Granger causality significantly increased with task difficulty (F = 12.5, p < 0.001) and was higher in the efferent than afferent direction (F = 78, p < 0.001). The 95% confidence ellipse area was correlated to coherence magnitude in the most difficult condition. Participants showing significant Granger causality in the afferent direction showed more stable postural outcomes.

Conclusion

Our results confirm that the CoP velocity has a crucial role in postural control through its synchronization with sensorimotor cortex oscillations. The efferent information predominance suggests that posture is partly controlled by the sensorimotor cortex by a mechanism named corticopostural coherence. Our results show that this corticopostural coherence could represent a mechanism for controlling balance during quiet standing.