bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RISK PERCEPTION AND DATA MINING IN THE IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY
Authors: ERSÖZ Taner , BULUT Bennur
Published: August 2021

Risk is the possibility of threat, that is, potential harm. There may be risks like price fluctuations, exchange rate changes, demand and request changes, and inaccessibility of the material for an enterprise. The biggest mistake is to consider the risk as a possibly harmful circumstance that should only be avoided. When the risk is successfully managed, it empowers the formation of exceptionally imperative vital steps for businesses. Businesses have to show serious patterns to understand, anticipate, prevent, reduce and manage risk correctly and avoid the conceivable loss of life and property. A culture of trust is created in companies that understand the risk correctly and manages it with the right steps. The culture of trust prevents workers from getting distracted, as well as enabling workers to embrace the job and do their job lovingly. Thus, productivity increases in the long run. The purpose of this study is to determine the risk perception of the employees of a firm operating in the iron and steel industry. Possible risks are always high as the enterprise operates as a heavy industry. The questionnaire applied to the employees consists of two parts. The first part consists of demographic features, and the second part consists of questions regarding employees' perceptions of risk. According to the findings which will be obtained with the help of the research, the effect levels of the demographic characteristics of the employees on the employees will be determined and improved findings will be presented to the business management. According to the socio - demographic status of the employees in the enterprise, it is pointed to uncover the risk discernment levels by cluster analysis.
Exploring and evaluating Vertically Integrated Teaching in Ethical Decision-Making (VIT-EDM) in pharmacy
Authors: Fino Leen , Basheti Iman A. , Saini Bandana , Moles Rebekah , Chaar Betty B.
Published: August 2021

Background: With increased patient-centred care, pharmacists are often faced with ethical dilemmas and expected to provide solutions for practice dilemmas, relying on ethical judgment, principles of professional ethics, standards of practice, and moral reasoning capabilities. Pharmacists need to be competent in ethical decision-making which will enable them to act in a morally preferable and justifiable manner with patients. Literature has shown that moral reasoning skills are teachable and measurable competencies in healthcare. 
Objective: To evaluate the impact of implementing a vertically integrated teaching approach in ethical decision-making (VIT-EDM), on moral reasoning capabilities of pharmacy students as they progressed from year-one (pre-exposure to teaching intervention) to final year (post-intervention) of pharmacy studies, using the Professional Ethics in Pharmacy test (PEP) as a surrogate measure of moral reasoning capabilities. 
Methods: Cross-sectional, parallel cohort, comparison study, using PEP. A de-identified electronic survey link was emailed to enrolled students in each targeted cohort. Descriptive and inferential statistics were conducted using SPSS. 
Results: Fourth-year students’ confidence measures were significantly higher in decision-making. Furthermore, students’ decision-making and moral reasoning measures were higher in fourth-year students. They generally demonstrated moral reasoning capabilities belonging to stage four of moral reasoning levels, which is related to benefitting patients while respecting authorities and legal requirements. However, the difference in the P-scores (fourth-year and first-year) was not found statistically significant. 
Conclusion: Findings of this study underlined the positive impact of the (VIT-EDM) approach, a relatively novel mixed-method pedagogy in teaching pharmacy ethics. It highlighted the enhanced confidence of students in ethical decision-making when facing an ethical dilemma.
Indian Translation Traditions: Perspectives from Sujit Mukherjee
Authors: Chaubey Anjali
Published: September 2021

This paperrevisits Sujit Mukherjee’s seminal work Translation as Discovery and Other Essays on Indian Literature in English Translation (1981) to analyze his contribution in foregrounding the translation traditions of India. In the book, he uses the term ‘transcreation’ to refer to translation as a practice in the Indian literary scenario and cites examples from the ancient to modern times, to show how we have perceived and practiced translation. He centers this process in contrast to the western practice of the same, which makes translation a postcolonial exercise. He emphasizes the need to focus on the pragmatic analysis of the process of translation and looking at the ‘Indo-English literature’, as ‘a limb of the body, the purusha, that is Indian literature’ which would help in decolonizing literary studies.
Burocracia partidista: la profesionalización legislativa de los Senadores en México [Party bureaucracy: the legislative professionalization of Senators in Mexico]
Authors: Espejel Mena Jaime
Published: September 2021

La relación entre la burocracia partidista y la profesionalización, en particular del senado de la república en México, se puede explicar desde el enfoque de sistemas, como una relación causal y formal. No obstante, para explicar el ejercicio de la dominación propia del poder político precisa algo más que hechos, la eficiencia es también resultado de sentimientos y anhelos de los ciudadanos. En este sentido, la presente investigación sugiere desde el enfoque del institucionalismo histórico, que el conflicto entre la burocracia partidista producido por la escasez de recursos se centra en la política y se expresa en sus candidaturas para integrar la cámara de senadores. Para ello, las instituciones oscilan entre las reglas de un orden constitucional o de los procesos operativos de una burocracia y los acuerdos que predominan en el comportamiento entre las asociaciones informales. El objetivo del presente documento es explicar que la profesionalización de los órganos legislativos depende de la actividad propia de los congresos como profesión, del conocimiento personal de los legisladores y del desempeño institucional de los órganos legislativos como resultado de su profesión y profesionalización. Concluimos planteando que el grado de burocratización y el tipo de liderazgo burocrático al interior de los partidos políticos retarda o motiva los procesos y consenso político necesarios para consolidar la profesionalización de la política y en particular de la profesionalización del senado de la república.
Autoridad y autoritarismo, una dicotomía en el salón de clases [Authority and authoritarianism, a dichotomy in the classroom]
Authors: Zuñe Flores Guadalupe , Mejía Guevara Josué , Caramantin Castillo Lizeth , Bocanegra Vilcamango Beder
Published: September 2021

En el proceso formativo de la educación peruana, los estudiantes de Educación Básica Regular (EBR) han sentido que el salón de clases es el espacio donde se debe inclinar la cabeza y acatar órdenes del docente, siendo esta una evidente manifestación de autoritarismo, hecho que ha determinado el siguiente cuestionamiento: ¿Cuál es el constructo teórico que difiere conceptualmente el autoritarismo y la autoridad en el contexto de una relación dicotómica, entre maestro y estudiante? El estudio busca analizar la relación dicotómica entre el adecuado ejercicio de autoridad y el autoritarismo en el salón de clases. La metodología empleada es la Chakana Pregunta como estrategia didáctica para desarrollar el pensamiento crítico, la misma que consiste en elaborar nueve preguntas como producto de la lectura de un texto, con las nueve preguntas se elabora un texto argumentativo. Se trata de un estudio experimental que se basa en el análisis de un caso de maltrato escolar; para ello, se plantearon nueve preguntas y se ubicaron estratégicamente en la Chakana Pregunta, considerando el análisis vertical central, con la finalidad de desarrollar el artículo en función de las tres preguntas seleccionadas. El estudio ha permitido analizar y cuestionar el comportamiento del docente desde la práctica del autoritarismo y la autoridad según el contexto. El hallazgo es significativo, ya que ambas categorías asociadas al poder y castigo configuran el rol del docente cuando encara el proceso formativo. La aplicación de la Chakana Pregunta, como estrategia didáctica para redactar textos académicos ha sido muy útil porque ha permitido analizar el caso mediante tres preguntas dispuestas.
Online EFL Teaching During The Covid-19 Crisis: Changes In Trainee-Teachers’ Planning And Teaching Approaches
Authors: Ivanova Irina ,   Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen
Published: September 2021

The article deals with the changes in planning and conducting EFL lessons which resulted from the transition to online teaching due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The data on which the present discussion is based were obtained from three sources: lesson plans prepared by trainee-teachers’ (both novice and already practicing) enrolled in an MA course in a Bulgarian state university, oral discussions of the same lesson plans between the trainees and the university supervisor, and video clips of lessons recorded by trainees who at the time of the study worked as teachers in schools. The analysis showed that there were a number of changes in planning for online teaching, and these changes were duly reflected in the teaching the lessons, the evidence of which can be found in the videos submitted together with the plans. The changes in the teaching approach, classroom management and the use of teaching materials were made by the trainees in an attempt to adjust their approach to the modifications of the online learning environment. The analysis helped us identify some features of online teaching which shed light on the processes of adjustment the trainees went through, and the way this transition affected the nature of their teaching. Some of the most symptomatic changes involved increased teacher-centredness in both planning and teaching, and preference for deductive approaches in presenting grammar and vocabulary, which resulted in fewer opportunities for students’ active involvement and participation in the lesson.
Attitudes in Healthcare Students Towards Mental Illness - A Pre- and Post Multicenter University Program Survey
Authors: Gyllensten Amanda , Sevensson Bengt , Bjorkman Tommy , Hansson Lars , Leufstadius Christel , Bejerholm Ulrika , Markstrom Urban , Ostman Margareta , Eklund Mona , Brunt David , Sandlund Mikael
Published: September 2021

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of naturalistic educational interventions on attitudes towards persons with mental illness. Methods: In a pre-post test design, 456 students in vocational University programmes to become nurses, social workers, occupational therapists, physiotherapists, psychologists, and public health workers were studied after a course in mental illness, using questionnaires focusing on familiarity with mental illness and attitudes towards the mentally ill in general and towards schizophrenia in particular. Results: The results revealed a significant improvement for the total group in their being afraid of people with mental illness in general and being more positive towards having mentally ill people living in their neighbourhood. Differences between the student groups were found. Some educational features positively influencing stigmatizing attitudes were identified. Conclusion: Education has some effect on attitudes towards patients with mental illness, mostly on fear. To understand the effective educational ingredients for change, further research is needed.
Evaluation of a Pilot Study for a Capstone Course: Integrative Interprofessional Practicum Experience
Authors: Wunderlich Rita , Cavallo Cheryl , Gettemeier Peggy , Eliot Katie , Ruebling Irma
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this paper is to describe a pilot study that will further develop and refine the capstone course for an 11-credit hour Interprofessional Curriculum. The course is being designed to allow students an opportunity to apply interprofessional concepts within the context of a practicum experience. Students were recruited from a variety of Health Science programs. Eleven volunteered to participate representing nursing, physical therapy, and occupational therapy. A low-income, urban residence was chosen for the project site. In collaboration with the community site director, students created a resource manual, “Your Guide to Health,” and developed a health promotion/illness prevention Health Fair. Methodology used to evaluate the pilot study included student and faculty perceptions, course evaluations, and administration of the Team Effectiveness Tool (TET). While course evaluations and student/faculty perceptions were positive, several challenges were identified. The results of the pre- and post TET scores were analyzed using a Wilcoxon test. No significant difference was found in the results (Z = -.311, p > .05). Lessons learned from this study will assist in the ongoing development of the capstone course, Integrative Interprofessional Practicum Experience, which will contribute to the preparation of students for collaborative practice.
A Systematic Review on Various Modes of Exercise on People with Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Roy Indrani , Roy Susanta
Published: September 2021

Purpose: It is important to understand the benefits of exercise for patients with Parkinson's. Methods: A literature search in MEDLINE, CINAHL, WEB of SCIENCE, and Cochrane database was carried out. In this particular study, we focused on the articles that reflected the effectiveness and efficacy of exercise on PD patients. Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) were included for the review to investigate the various modes and effectiveness of exercise being offered to PD patients. Results: 10 published RCTs were included in the review, and they were rated as high quality by the PEDro Scale. The RCTs involved 579 patients altogether. The 10 RCTs indicated 5 specific core areas of exercise that include flexibility, muscle strengthening, gait, balance, and physical conditioning. These core areas of exercise appear to support the physical, psychological, and sociological aspects of the life of PD patients. A range of functional and appropriate outcome measures were chosen and the outcomes showed beneficial effects of exercise on PD patients. Conclusion: Exercise appears to provide benefits for physical functioning and health-related quality of life of people with PD. Further study needs to be conducted to establish efficacy of exercise (e.g., meta-analytic SR or further trials).
Using Photovoice to Identify Factors that Influence Children
Authors: Cahill Susan , Suarez-Balcazar Yolanda
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Children in the United States are at risk for developing obesity at higher rates than ever before. The study investigated if a picture taking assignment based on Photovoice was effective in engaging children in a discussion about factors that influenced their health and participation in active occupations. Method: Seventeen children between the ages of 10 and 11 years old completed the picture taking assignment and participated in a structured discussion. Results: The children were able to identify factors that promoted a healthy lifestyle, as well as factors that did not promote a healthy lifestyle. The children also established individual goals related to health and participation in active occupations.Conclusions: Occupational therapy practitioners who work with children can integrate similar assignments into their practice. Such assignments will provide children with the opportunity to discuss and share their opinions and concerns, as well as identify potential barriers they might encounter when implementing action plans.
Reducing fetal radiation dose in computed tomography for pregnant patients: A literature review
Authors:   Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran, Ghaznavi Hamid
Published: August 2021

To diagnose diseases during gestation period including renal stones, appendicitis, and pulmonary embolism in pregnant patients, computed tomography (CT) can be a golden standard. Due to CT examination, the fetus is prone to receiving a considerable dose which is the result of direct or scattered (external and internal scattered radiation) beams. The effects of ionization radiation on fetus include mutagenesis and carcinogenesis, therefore, it is essential to reduce fetus dose for pregnant patients who undergo CT examination during gestation period. This article aims to review approaches that are effective in reducing fetal dose in pregnant patients.
A Importância da Qualidade da Água em Campanha
Authors: Antunes Michele de Oliveira
Published: September 2021

O corpo humano é constituído em sua maioria por água. O percentual de água nos músculos é de 75%. Da mesma forma, o sangue é constituído 95% de água e a gordura corporal 14% . Até mesmo o tecido ósseo possui água em sua constituição (22%). Como o corpo do homem possui mais músculos que o da mulher e menos gordura, o percentual total de água difere entre os dois, sendo de 65% e 60% respectivamente. A água é essecial para a sobrevivência humana e muitas doenças podem ser veiculadas através dela, podendo ser de origem bacteriana, viral ou parasitária.
EVALUATION OF THE PRESCHOOL TEACHING PRACTICE I-II COURSE ACCORDING TO THE VIEWS OF THE PRACTICE TEACHERS AND THE STUDENT TEACHERS
Authors:   Duygu YALMAN POLATLAR, KADAKAL Semanur
Published: August 2021

It is stated that one of the most important stages in the training of a teacher is that teacher candidates gain practical teaching experience in schools (Ünlüönen & Boylu, 2007). Together with the lecturers in the faculty, the people who will contribute to the training of the teacher candidate and guide the teacher candidate in the school dimension of the process, namely the application part, are the practice teachers. MoNE defines the practice teacher as "the teacher who has a teaching formation in the practice school, selected from among the experienced teachers, guides and counsels the teacher candidate in gaining the behaviors required by the teaching profession". Practice teachers should be open to collaboration, willing to introduce teaching-learning processes, and sharing (Coşkun & Yalın Uçar, 2012). Since the application students gained their first professional experience under the guidance of the practice within the scope of the Teaching Practice course, the practice teacher should understand the importance of this process and know his responsibility. Teacher candidates find the opportunity to apply the knowledge they have acquired at the end of their 4-year undergraduate education in a real environment for the first time. Based on these points, the aim of this study is to evaluate the opinions of preschool student teachers studying at the same university and practice teachers about their practices in preschool education institutions within the scope of the "Teaching Practice I-II" course. This research was carried out to determine the opinions of 10 pre-school teachers working in 5 state kindergartens randomly selected from Küçükçekmece, Bakırköy and Ataköy districts of Istanbul province and 10 preschool stundent teachers studying at a foundation university in Istanbul on Teaching Practice I-II courses. Within the scope of the research, two data collection tools, "Teacher Interview Form" and "Student Interview Form", were used. The teachers and student teachers were determined by using the "snowball sampling" method. In the research, semi-structured interviews were conducted with a total of 20 people, including 10 preschool student teachers and 10 practice teachers. While the student teachers found the education they received at the university as theoretical and they could not implement activities that might interest children in the classroom, the practice teachers stated that the presence of teacher candidates in their classrooms provided an advantage especially in terms of supporting them in art activities, but they did not find their classroom management dominance sufficient. While the student teachers found their communication with them good, they stated that the student teachers should improve themselves in the activity implementation processes.
THE COINTEGRATION RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BITCOIN AND THE STOCK INDICES OF TURKEY AND BRICS COUNTRIES
Authors:   Büşra YAĞLI, KARTAL Cem
Published: August 2021

Bitcoin, the most important of all cryptocurrencies, is a currency that is not included in the central monetary system and has a digital format. With the rapid increase in the value of Bitcoin in recent years, it has attracted the attention of investors. Bitcoin, as an alternative to traditional investment tools, has sparked a lot of controversies. In this study, the Bitcoin price relationship between stock market indices and the BRICS countries belonging to Turkey is intended to be detected. In this direction of Bitcoin 01.01.2013-31.12.2019 period to test the relationship between Turkey and the BRICS countries, stock index monthly data are used. After determining the basic statistical properties of the series, cointegration and causality test was performed to determine the financial relationship. ADF (Augmented Dickey-Fuller) unit root tests and stationarity analysis are applied, and then the existence of long-term relationships between stock exchanges is explained with the Johansen cointegration test. The Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) was used to analyze whether the long-term relationship is in equilibrium. Also, short-term relationships were determined by Granger causality analysis. The analysis performed between variables were identified as a result of a long-term relationship, Russia (MOEX) and Turkey (BIST100) was found to be the cause of the stock market index of Bitcoin. It has been determined that Bitcoin is the cause of China (SHANGAI) exchange. In these exchanges, it has been observed that the change in Bitcoin prices in the short term affects investment decisions.
MODERN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN IN CITY FURNITURE
Authors: SARI ÇETİN Aysu
Published: August 2021

Cities have different architectural features in terms of cultural, historical, geographical and social life. It is seen that each city has a unique identity over time. The reason for this is that the people living in the city have lifestyle, social behaviors and cultural values. Many cities have architectural symbols that symbolize that city. Functional use should be prioritized in the design phase of urban furniture, aesthetics is of course an important detail, but in order for the community to be together in the city, urban furniture should be ergonomic and functionality within certain standards in terms of different physical features. The climatic conditions of that city should be taken into consideration in the selection of materials for urban furniture. Lighting elements, plant elements, recreational elements, signs and information signs, floor coverings, artistic objects, including waste bins should be considered together. Urban furniture should complement each other with a holistic approach. It is seen that the materials used in the design have positive and negative effects on people psychologically. Wooden designs using natural materials give the feeling of calmness and rest. It is seen that concrete and iron materials give a sense of strength. In the use of artificial materials, there is a feeling of anxiety. The phenomenon of color in designed urban furniture causes a sense of dynamism or calmness. Remarkable designs are often made for symbolic purposes. It is an important detail for urban furniture that it is sometimes criticized and attracted attention instead of being liked.
USEFULITY ANALYSIS OF BIOLOGY EDUCATION UNDERGRADUATE COURSES IN TEACHING PROFESSION
Authors: KOYUNCU Buket , ATICI Tahir
Published: August 2021

The undergraduate education program given depending on the higher education programs is an important factor in the teacher's professional life. Common programs determined by YÖK are applied to teacher candidates in education faculties. The aim of this study is to measure the contribution of the courses in the program to biology teachers in their professional life and to produce new alternatives in the light of the data obtained. In this context, a Likert-type questionnaire consisting of three separate courses as "Vocational Courses", "Field Education Courses", "General Culture Courses" and containing approximately 40 different courses was prepared by taking the expert opinion. Participants were asked to rate the lessons according to the importance of contribution in professional life. Participants consist of biology teachers who are graduates of Faculty of Education and Faculty of Science, who work effectively in their professional life. Participants were reached through digital media and this study was conducted with approximately 160 teachers. According to the study data, among the Vocational Knowledge Courses, the most beneficial lesson is "Teaching Practice". Most of the participants think that this course makes a positive contribution to their professional life. Accordingly, the course hours of this course can be increased. Educational sciences courses are generally carried out theoretically in faculties other than this course, but as can be seen, the effect of applied courses is also great. When looking at the courses that made the most contribution in the "Field Education Courses" section, "General Biology Laboratory", "Zoology Laboratory" and "General Biology" were seen. However, herbarium studies have been proposed in "Cryptogamea" and other plant lessons. It is recommended to add "Field Studies", which is generally accepted as an application within the course in departments, to the curriculum as a course. In the last section, "General Culture Courses", the most contributing course is "Information Technologies Course". In our changing and developing world, this result can be predicted since we cannot consider information technologies and education separately.
EXAMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE EDUCATIONALTEACHING SATISFACTION AND ACADEMIC MOTIVATION OF BIOLOGY TEACHERS
Authors: ŞAHİN Fikriye , ATICI Tahir
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between academic motivation and educational satisfaction of biology teacher candidates who continue their education in higher education by considering different variables. In the research, scanning design was used within the scope of quantitative model to reveal the current situation. The study group of the study consists of 121 biology teacher candidates who continue their education in two different state universities in Ankara. In order to collect the data of the research, "Student Satisfaction Scale for Education and Training in Higher Education" and "Academic Motivation Scale" were used. According to the results obtained from the research; It was determined that the satisfaction and academic motivation of biology teacher candidates about education in higher education is above the middle level. When the gender sub-dimension of the research results was examined, it was found that the education satisfaction and academic motivation of the male teacher candidates were higher than the female teacher candidates. When the university variable of teacher candidates is examined, it can be said that there is a difference in terms of satisfaction, especially between equipment and laboratory and communication with academic and administrative staff and these situations affect the satisfaction of the candidates. When the class level sub-dimension of the study was examined, it was concluded that there was a significant difference between the satisfaction of 4th grade candidates and those of other classes. While 4th grade candidates show a medium level of satisfaction, candidates in the other class show a high level of satisfaction. It is noteworthy that the reason for this is related to belonging and guidance in the sub-dimension of the satisfaction scale. It is seen that the highest satisfaction among candidates is in the first year. According to the results of the research, the frequency of voluntary coming to the department of the second university teacher candidates is higher than the frequency of voluntary coming to the department of the candidates in the 1st university. These results support that the motivation levels of the candidates may differ due to internal motivation reasons. One of the results obtained from the study is to determine a positive and moderate relationship (r = 438) between the education satisfaction and academic motivation of biology teacher candidates. This situation shows that when the education-teaching satisfaction levels of biology teacher candidates are affected, the academic motivation of the candidate may be affected at a moderate level.
A DECISION MODEL PROPOSAL IN CASE OF UNCERTAINTY: PHOTOCOPY MACHINE SELECTION WITH ENTROPY-BASED ELECTRE III METHOD
Authors: KARAKIŞ Engin
Published: August 2021

Decision making is getting more complex and difficult in our daily life and business life. However, correct and fast decision making is the first condition of managing and directing. The complexity and uncertainty in decision problems have increased as a result of technological developments and changes in consumer demands. Most of the decision problems encountered contain many criteria. Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) is to choose the most suitable alternative among many alternatives according to more than one determined criteria. Various methods have been developed for the solution of multi-criteria decision problems. ELECTRE III (ELimination Et Choice Translating REality) method, one of these methods, is one of the most widely used methods. The ELECTRE III method is a method used in the solution of decision problems involving uncertainty. In this study, the ELECTRE III method and its properties have been examined with an application. For this purpose, the problem of photocopy machine selection was examined with the ELECTRE III method in this study. The ENTROPY method was used to determine the weights of the criteria used in the decision problem and the ELECTRE III method was used to rank the copier machine options.
EBEVEYNİN GÜVENLİ İNTERNET SAĞLAMA YETERLİLİĞİ ÖLÇEĞİ (EGİSYÖ): GEÇERLİK VE GÜVENİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: AKIN Ahmet , SÜME Rabia
Published: August 2021

The concept of providing a safe internet refers to an attempt to prevent and protect against the damages that may come from any possible harmful content, person and entities in the internet environment. Nowadays in the face of increasing internet use, it is important for individuals who have children to provide safe internet use to their children in terms of preventing their children from being psychologically and socially affected negatively. Therefore, it is very important to develop a scale in order to see the competence of parents in providing safe internet. Purpose of this study is to develop Parent's Safe Internet Providing Competency Scale and to examine its validity and reliability. This research was conducted on a total of 422 participants, 289 females and 133 males, aged between 18 and 59. In process of developing this scale, a 23-item pool was created first and then these items were examined in terms of their grammar, intelligibility, and whether they really measure recognition in couple relationships, and a 20-item application form was obtained in the end. Corrected item-total correlation coefficients were calculated for item analysis of scale. Construct validity of scale was examined by exploratory factor analysis and its reliability with Cronbach alpha internal consistency reliability coefficient. Validity and reliability analyzes were made with SPSS 18. As a result of exploratory factor analysis applied for construct validity of scale, a one-dimensional and 20-item measuring tool with an eigenvalue of 11.3 was obtained explaining % 57 of total variance. KMO sample fit coefficient of scale was found to be .96. Factor loads of scale were ranged between .59 and .84. Cronbach alpha internal consistency reliability coefficient was found to be .96. Corrected item-total correlation coefficients of scale range from .55 to .82. These results show that scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool.
VİEWS ON THE DİFFICULTİES EXPERİENCED BY PARENTS WİTH SPECİAL NEEDS
Authors: YAZAR Fatma Betül
Published: August 2021

The education of individuals with special needs and the difficulties experienced by their families is a vital issue for them to live independently. Therefore, it was aimed to determine the opinions of parents with special needs individuals about the difficulties their experience in this study. The participants of the study are the parents of 13 special needs individuals. The research was designed with qualitative research method and semi-structured interview technique was used to collect data.The findings of the study shows that the support and education which the parents participated received before and after the diagnosis are neither sufficient not efficient; the difficulties they experienced at home and outside; the education at schools and rehabilitation centers are not planned properly; the educational expectations of the parents from the state and the solutions about deficiencies.
SURREALISM AND PHOTO-MANIPULATION IN PHOTO ART
Authors: DUMLU Gamze
Published: August 2021

As a result of examining the art of photography in terms of aesthetics and advertisement, it aims to examine both the raw and processed photo-manipulations, especially the designs used in printed media and advertisements. The aim of the study; It covers the perceptual richness of the processed photographs and their examination from the perspective of surrealism. The effects of the photographs of the products of the brands after the photo-manipulation applications on the people were examined. Comparison method was made by placing these raw photographs of the products and processing them from a surreal point of view. The comparisons are interpreted from the artistic perspective and the artists' own views.
DESIGN THINKING AND CREATIVITY AS A MEANS OF PROBLEM SOLVING IN THE FRAMEWORK OF SYSTEM APPROACH
Authors: TURAN İlkay
Published: August 2021

Design thinking has been used as a means of problem-solving by many successful international organizations such as General Electric, Proctor & Gamble, Sony, and Philips. Although the importance of design in organizations has been accepted, the contributions of design in innovation is better seen new product and new service development More recently, design thinking has become an important factor in organization strategy (Matthew & Wrigley, 2017: 41). Recent research indicates that companies who use design in their operations, perform better economically in the marketplace (Borja de Mozota, 2006; Moultrie-Livesey, 2009; Dell’Era vd., 2010). In this study, the design process will be examined to solve the problem of who will participate in the decision-making process and how creativity will be derived in systems thinking scope and the effect of the idealized design method proposed by Ackoff in revealing creativity will be set forth. As a result, creativity is the introduction of new and unconventional. Creativity shows itself either in product or in thought. In this context, it has been suggested that idealized design is the best way to reveal creativity.
AN INVESTIGATION ON THE HALLOWEEN ADVERTISEMENTS OF Mc DONALD’S and MINI COOPER BRANDS
Authors: ERSOY YILAN Ece
Published: August 2021

Mc Donald's and Mini Cooper, accepted as global brands around the world, advertise corporate image for special occasions. Of these special days, Halloween has become popular culture by the target audience. The brands prepare advertising posters for the holiday celebrated on the evening of October 31st every year. In the study, literature on global branding, advertising and Halloween was searched. Six different advertising posters of Mc Donald's and Mini Cooper brands were examined. These studies have been analyzed using Saussure's semiotic method. Within the scope of the findings, the posters of the brands were compared and their relations with Halloween were interpreted.
MORAL DAMAGE OF A JURISDIC PERSON ARISING FROM UNFAIR COMPETITION
Authors: ZENGİN-ÖZKÜÇÜKPARLAK Burcu
Published: August 2021

Our law does not consider human beings as the only entities that can enter into debt. Besides the human being expressed as a real person; although they do not have material assets, there are also some individuals or groups of property attributed to being a person by the legal order. The finite and limited power of human life in achieving certain goals has created a need for legal entities that emerge as a requirement of social life and have an independent personality from those who constitute them. An association that establishes a kermis to give scholarships to students with its income, a bank that opens a new branch, an airline company that carries out passenger transport, a holding that establishes a facility to generate electrical energy, is on the legal scene just like real persons and carries out various activities in the free market. The legislator has introduced unfair competition provisions to establish an enviroment that legal entities can freely engage in economic activities in the market, and do not distort the competitive environment by acts contrary to goodwill. With these provisions, it has been stated that, if the conditions are met, the plaintiff who suffers damage as a result of an act that can be described as unfair competition may request non-pecuniary damages by referring to the provisions regarding the determination, rejection of unfair competition, return of the former, pecuniary compensation and protection of personal rights. However, there are opinions stating that legal entities will not suffer moral damage because they do not have feelings of pain, and sadness like real persons. In this statement, the concepts of legal person and unfair competition, and in the light of the different ideas in the doctrine and the decisions of the Supreme Court, the conditions under which the legal person may claim moral damages arising from unfair competition will be explained.
INSPECTİON OF ATATÜRK FARMS IN TARSUS AND SİLİFKE
Authors: ŞANDA Mehmet Nuri
Published: August 2021

The subject of this study consisting of three section was the Piloğlu Farm in Tarsus and Şövalye and Tekir Atatürk Famrs in Silifke in Mersin city in 20. century. The first section of this study provided general information about the formation of Atatürk farms. The second section explained the formation of Piloğlu Farm in Tarsus and Şövalye and Tekir Atatürk Farms in Silifke and transferring the Orman Farm in Ankara, Piloğlu Farm in Tarsus, Karabasamak Farm and Orange Garden in Dörtyol, Şövale and Tekir farms in Silifke and Baltacı and Millet farms in Yalova to treasure in 1937 under the will of Mustafa Kemal. The third section explained the transfer of farms in Tarsus and Silifke to State Agricultural Business Institution in 1938 and the audit conducted by this institution to Piloğlu and Tekir farms in 1945-1946. During this audit, inspectors prepared reports related to the cropped area in the farm, agricultural tools, transportation vehicles, forestation work and the states of the buildings and field. These report included problems in the farms and recommendations to solve these problems.
THE CURRENT GROWTH EFFECT OF HEALTH TOURISM MARKET DEVELOPMENT IN TURKEY FOR THE EVALUATION ON CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT
Authors: IŞIK Mustafa , ÖZSEZER Yakup , IŞIK Fikriye
Published: August 2021

Tourism sector is one of the major driving forces to develop the Turkish economy which provides the positive contributions with new employment opportunities and the national income and payments. With aid of this developments in economy by tourism, it has also increased the interaction with alternative areas. Health Tourism is also one of the special areas in which provides to the country high added value and foreign currency exchange income. Since the revenue outcome by health tourism is reaching up to 100 billion dollars, the national policy of health tourism enable countries has been undertaken as a high interested point of investment needed area. The critical threshold of the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is 4 to 5 percent as a current account balance and this deficient outcome in Turkey mostly takes on 5 to 4 percent which is a considered as a critical threshold. Health Tourism is expected to play a key role in bringing the values to the positive levels and therefore the focus is becoming on this area by health sector. Developing countries such as India, Singapore, and Thailand meet their foreign trade deficits with the income where they have obtained from this specific sector and the level of growth in this sector is at certain rate every year. The health Tourism is very crucial and significant sector for such a country Turkey, who has current budget deficit, and it is real economic sense. With Covid-19 crisis, the plans related with health tourism is re-evaluated by the coordination between Turkish Ministry of Health, Ministry of Tourism and Ministry of Economy. Especially, with the infrastructure works carried for public and city hospitals has been capable of providing health tourism services within the organization which is called “USHAŞ (International Health Services)”. The health tourism sector offers significant opportunities for Turkey during Covid-19 pandemic effects on our current account deficit and the decline in economic recovery of our tourism industry and losses. With health tourism created opportunities is already in an increasing trend, to contribute to the country’s economy much faster by increasing target markets with public-private cooperation.
APPLY ON MEDICAL ERRORS IN HEALTH RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS IN TURKEY: ARTICLES AND GRADUATE THESISON ANATIONAL REVIEW
Authors: MACİT Mustafa , ORHAN Sibel , GÜMÜŞ Muhammet
Published: August 2021

Medical errors are recognized as an important issue within the scope of patient safety and it should be stated that they have started to take a noteworthy place in the public debate within the scope of health care policies. Medical errors, which have existed since the past but have been increasing recently, are very important within the scope of health services. In this context, it should be noted that it is quite small and has a number of studies from the recent past of Turkey. This study aims to compile and examine the researches made within the scope of medical errors and to investigate the factors affecting the medical error, the effects resulting from the errors, the attitudes towards the error and the types of errors, and to reveal the current information about the factors that affect them. we focus on medical error concept in this context, international and national research on the subject being discussed, relating to work done for medical bug in Turkey is presented, and gives advice on behalf of the work to be done in the future.
MANAGEMENT CONTROL WİTHİN THE FRAMEWORK OF STRATEGİC MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTİNG
Authors: YAVUZ İbrahim , SÖZER Ayşegül
Published: August 2021

Business organization structures, which have become complex, have become unable to meet today's management needs in the globalizing world. This situation pushed businesses to organize their activities into sub-divisions, which brought the responsibility centers to the agenda. In this study, success evaluation of responsibility centers within the framework of strategic management accounting is handled in a way to meet the needs. For this purpose, first of all, organizational structure and management control in enterprises were briefly mentioned, then responsibility centers and success evaluation were discussed. Finally, responsibility centers and the inadequacies of traditional accounting in valuation of success were mentioned, and thus a holistic approach to management control was adopted.
ENERJİ ETKİN TASARIM ANLAYIŞININ YÜKSEK YAPILARDA UYGULANMA BİÇİMLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ARI Ahmet Cihat
Published: August 2021

Energy has an important place in terms of using buildings and providing user satisfaction. Today, the importance of energy increases due to the decrease in natural resources and the insufficiency of fossil fuels to meet the energy needs. In addition, high-rise buildings whose construction has increased rapidly in the building industry have also contributed to the occurrence of the energy problem. Because high-rise buildings consume more energy than low-rise buildings, it has caused an increase in energy need. In solving these energy problems, renewable energy sources have emerged and the use of renewable energy sources in buildings has become widespread. Renewable energy sources both ensure the efficient use of natural resources and do not harm nature and the environment. In meeting the energy needs of high-rise buildings, the idea of sustainability has emerged in design. Within the understanding of sustainable architectural design in high-rise buildings, renewable energy sources such as solar, wind and geothermal energy have taken place in the use of buildings. The use of renewable energy sources in high-rise buildings provides energy savings. In addition, in high-rise buildings, the form of the building, the location of the building and the detailed design have an effect on energy saving. The aim of this study is to examine the application of energy efficient design concept in high-rise buildings. For this purpose, the concept of sustainability in high-rise buildings and sustainable design in high-rise buildings were investigated in this study. In addition, the use and types of renewable energy sources in high-rise buildings were discussed within the scope of the study. In the study, energy efficient design concept to implementation in the form of high-rise buildings, it is described by giving examples from the world and Turkey. In the examination of the application of energy efficient design concept in high buildings; Literature review was made using theses, articles, books and web resources. As a result of the literature reviews, it was determined that while designing high-rise buildings, the natural environment should not be polluted and renewable energy resources should be used with a sustainable energy efficient design approach. In addition, while in the design phase in high buildings; These criteria should be taken into account as the form, direction and location of the building affect the energy use of the building. It has been concluded that building high-rise buildings with an energy efficient design approach will have an important place in terms of protecting human health, nature and the environment.