bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A APLICAÇÃO DA POLÍTICA PÚBLICA DE COTA RACIAL DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO – UNIRIO – NO BANCO DOS RÉUS
Authors: Silva Bruno Soares Tavares
Published: October 2024

O presente trabalho buscou analisar os aspectos relevantes que se relacionam e influenciam o controle judicial da decisão administrativa que, ao verificar a veracidade da autodeclaração, indefere a matrícula de candidato negro, no âmbito da política pública de cotas raciais em universidades públicas. Na ocasião, as decisões emanadas do judiciário fazem juízo de valor acerca do parecer da comissão de verificação de veracidade de declaração étnico-racial sobre seu aspecto meramente formal, ou seja, em relação ao ponto de vista da motivação do ato. A questão principal, então, passa a ser pautada na necessidade de se encontrar um procedimento que evite fraude no acesso à cota racial e que, ao mesmo tempo, esteja em simetria com a jurisprudência dos Tribunais, suprindo assim a ausência de previsão legal sobre o assunto, de modo que seja possível, com isso, reduzir a intervenção do judiciário, que muitas das vezes acaba por apresentar soluções conflitantes em diferentes casos concretos, e analisar o limite da intervenção do judiciário nas decisões administrativas que indeferem a matrícula de candidatos em ação afirmativa racial.
Predicting Consumer Behavior in E-Commerce Using Recommendation Systems
Authors: Sanjay Suryawanshi Nikhil
Published: October 2024

As e-commerce platforms continue to expand, understanding consumer behavior has become crucial for enhancing customer satisfaction and driving business success. Recommendation systems play a pivotal role in predicting consumer preferences and delivering personalized product suggestions. This paper presents an extensive literature review on recommendation techniques, including collaborative filtering, content-based approaches, and hybrid models. Notable advancements, such as the use of deep learning, trust-based filtering, and context-aware models, are highlighted. Building on these foundations, we propose a novel model that integrates advanced machine learning algorithms with consumer behavior analysis to predict preferences more accurately. The expected results suggest that this model will improve the precision of recommendations, effectively addressing challenges like data sparsity and evolving user preferences and enhancing overall customer engagement in e- commerce environments.
Beyond Hunger: Assessing Influence of School Feeding Programmes on Primary Education Enrolment Rate in Twic East County, South Sudan.
Authors: Thiong Chol Aduong , W. Gichuhi Loise , K. Gakunga Daniel
Published: October 2024

School feeding programmes attract learners in developing countries, improves enrolment rates, academic performance, nutrition and participation. However, challenges like persistent hunger and food scarcity greatly impede their ability to learn and grow. Therefore, in this paper we investigate the influence of school feeding programme on learners' enrolment rates in primary education in Twic East County, Jonglei State, South Sudan. The paper employed descriptive survey design, the sample size was 371 respondents who included; County Education Director (CED,1), Headteacher (10), Teachers (30), Leaners (300), and Parents (PTA, 30). The paper primarily collected data through questionnaires and interviews. The study established that 90% of head teachers, 97% of teachers, 87% of learners, 96% of parents, and one CED acknowledged the presence of the School Feeding Programme (SFP) and meals in primary schools. The paper established that School feeding programmes (SFP) during education in emergencies (EiE) had a positive effect on enrolment rate in primary education in Twic East County, Jonglei State, South Sudan. The paper recommends the upscaling of school feeding programmes to other schools to enhance learners’ participation and academic performance in South Sudan.
Exploring the Nexus between Endogenous Development and Local Economic Development: The Experience of Tamale Metropolis in Ghana
Authors: Abdallah Hakim
Published: October 2024

This paper explores the relationship between Endogenous Development (ED) and Local Economic Development (LED) in the Tamale Metropolis, Ghana. ED emphasises locally driven initiatives that leverage indigenous knowledge, resources, and cultural practices, while LED focuses on promoting economic growth and sustainability through local-level collaboration. The study examines how ED practices, such as community- based agricultural activities and cooperatives, contribute to local economic growth, job creation, and social cohesion in Tamale. It also identifies key challenges, including weak governance frameworks, socio-cultural barriers, and limited access to finance, which hinder the effective integration of ED into broader LED strategies. Despite these obstacles, opportunities exist to strengthen the synergy between ED and LED through enhanced community participation, capacity building, and public- private partnerships. This paper argues that aligning ED with LED offers a sustainable development model that can address both economic and social challenges in the region. Recommendations for policymakers include improving local governance structures, fostering inclusive development policies, and creating supportive environments for community-driven initiatives. The findings highlight the need for context-sensitive development strategies that empower local communities to take ownership of their development pathways while contributing to sustainable economic growth.
The Blood Culture of the Ga-Dangbe Tribe of the Greater Accra Region of Ghana
Authors: Quaynor J.T. Tetteh- , Amenyo Fiase David Laud , Tawiah. Sowah Ebenezer
Published: October 2024

The study enquired about extra but relevant information about blood culture of the Ga-Dangbe tribe of the Greater Accra-Region of Ghana .The cultural practices involving the innovation and application of certain type of blood from specific animals for certain rituals. The performance and purpose remain mysterious and confidential with less information and any social economic consequence of the practice. The research team selected this topic to unearth the mystery and the conceptual framework of the research topic as well as any relevant information to the academic fraternity .To accomplish this expectations the research team reviewed a number of literature on blood culture from the ancient Greece ,Crete,Egypt,Israel and certain tribes in Africa and in Ghana .Most importantly about cultural practice of the Ga –Dangbe. As a fundamental issue, the team used much of exploratory and qualitative research methods. They also participated, granted interviews to mostly traditionalist and knowledge persons involved in traditional practices in Ghana. The team organized research objectives on the subjects relating to blood cultural practices of the Ga-Dangbe tribe ;to identify the source of the blood ;to investigate of any economic and entertaining actions accompanying the practice. The team found out that blood was used by the Ga-Dangbe people for mainly cultural activities in nature from birth to death of certain specific persons and for certain specific cultural practices .The animals used for such practices were goat, sheep, cow and crow .It must be emphasized that no human sacrifice(human blood) was mentioned or uncovered during the research work .Meanwhile, blood was poured out onto a child of royal birth, spiritualist in the cleansing stage ,for atonement etc. More so, it was used for spiritual cleansing ,healing process, achievement in any competition and in dispelling evil spirits. It was recommended that further research be conducted for further revelation of unknown practices which this research team could not capture on the concept of blood culture of the Ga-Dangbe traditional practices.
Weather Prediction with Machine Learning
Authors: Raghuwanshi M. M , Katre Yogesh , Sahu Ayushi , Sharma Disha , Udapure Ankush , Lonarkar Chaitanya
Published: October 2024

Weather forecasting is the technical process of predicting atmospheric conditions at a location. Many scientists have also been trying to predict the weather, both formally and informally, for years. Weather forecasting is done by collecting data from specific locations with different climate attributes. Traditional numerical weather prediction models have made significant progress, but there are still limitations in their accuracy, especially in detecting local weather events. In recent years, machine learning techniques have become a powerful tool for improving weather forecasts by exploiting the large amounts of data and complex patterns inherent in atmospheric systems. We propose a machine- learning model that uses historical data to train the model. The model is then used to predict weather with better accuracy than traditional models.
China–Canada negotiations on the establishment of diplomatic relations and the government of Pierre Trudeau’s early China policies
Authors: Li Ruiju
Published: October 2024

This article presents an original and detailed account of the negotiations between China and Canada on the establishment of diplomatic relations in Stockholm during Pierre Trudeau’s early government, using a wide range of primary sources from both countries, including declassified governmental documents, memorandums, telegrams, and memoirs, which provides a comprehensive understanding of the sociopolitical dynamics involved. It highlights the significance of Canada’s diplomatic efforts in recognising China before the United States, representing an independent diplomatic stance. The Canadian way had become a model for subsequent countries to establish diplomatic relations with China. The establishment of diplomatic ties had opened a new chapter in the development of bilateral relations. The mutual respect and compromise shown by the two sides while adhering to their own core interests in the negotiations have provided useful lessons for the two governments to deal with current rigid bilateral relations.
Disrupting Epistemology and Coalescing Community
Authors: Nicol Marilyn , Best Sarah
Published: October 2024

Trends in critical disability studies have taken issue with the absence of representations of disability beyond images of heroism or charity cases (Chaturvedi; Ferri; Sherry). In addition, an absence of representation in cinema and literature reinforces an existing bias that individuals with disabilities are uninteresting and have less value than nondisabled people (Beckett et al.; Hodkinson). The article explores the frontier of disability activism on social media as a space where new onto/epistemologies grapple among existing biases of disability. Particularly, the autoethnographic study looks at the experiences of two women, one who has a physical disability and one who has a child with a disability, as disability activists on social media.
“i write unbalanced poetry”
Authors: Ritchie Jay
Published: October 2024

In examining changes to Bernadette Mayer’s writing style following her cerebral hemorrhage in 1994, the article investigates the ways in which Mayer’s poetics have been informed by disability. Positioning the effects of her stroke not as limitations but as capacities for generating new knowledge, Mayer’s embodiment of disability in her late work also provokes a reassessment of her early work. Asserting that disability complicates normative time frames, an analysis of Mayer’s relationship to and representation of time reveals that disability informed her poetics not only after her stroke, but in anticipation of it, too. Drawing on archival evidence from Mayer’s papers and correspondence at the University of California San Diego, improvisation is established as a dominant feature in her late work, while the anticipation of disability in her early work contributes to the development of performance-inflected poetics.
Urban housing prices and consumption structure upgrading: Different relationships in urban and rural China
Authors: Ding Yemin , Chin Lee , Taghizadeh-Hesary Farhad
Published: October 2024

The dynamics of housing prices can play a pivotal role in shaping household behavior. Motivated by the limited research on the impact of housing prices on consumption structure upgrading in China, this paper presents a series of analyses that deploy panel data from 276 Chinese cities between 2005 and 2019 to scrutinize this impact. Firstly, fixed effect models were used to investigate the relationship between urban housing price and the consumption structure upgrading, and it was found that urban housing price has an inverted U-shaped effect on the consumption structure upgrading of Chinese urban residents, while it has an inhibitory effect on the consumption structure upgrading of Chinese rural residents. Then, we conducted multiple robustness tests, all of which corroborated the benchmark results’ reliability. Finally, deeper than existing research, the mechanism of the impact of urban housing prices on the consumption structure upgrading was further explored and it was found that increasing urban housing prices can affect consumption structure upgrading by affecting residents’ marginal propensity to consume in development and enjoyment. Our findings provide key alternatives for China’s government to promote residents’ consumption structure upgrading.
Evolution of Semiconvective Staircases in Rotating Flows: Consequences for Fuzzy Cores in Giant Planets
Authors: Fuentes J. R. , Hindman Bradley W. , Fraser Adrian E. , Anders Evan H.
Published: October 2024

Recent observational constraints on the internal structure of Jupiter and Saturn suggest that these planets have “fuzzy” cores, i.e., gradients of the concentration of heavy elements that might span a large fraction of the planet’s radius. These cores could be composed of a semiconvective staircase, i.e., multiple convective layers separated by diffusive interfaces arising from double-diffusive instabilities. However, to date, no study has demonstrated how such staircases can avoid layer mergers and persist over evolutionary timescales. In fact, previous work has found that these mergers occur rapidly, leading to only a single convective layer. Using 3D simulations, we demonstrate that rotation prolongs the lifetime of a convective staircase by increasing the timescale for both layer merger and erosion of the interface between the final two layers. We present an analytic model for the erosion phase, predicting that rotation increases the erosion time by a factor of approximately Ro−1/2, where Ro is the Rossby number of the convective flows (the ratio of the rotation period to the convective turnover time). For Jovian conditions at early times after formation (when convection is vigorous enough to mix a large fraction of the planet), we find the erosion time to be roughly 109 yr in the nonrotating case and 1011 yr in the rotating case. If these timescales are confirmed with a larger suite of numerical simulations, the existence of convective staircases within the deep interiors of giant planets is a strong possibility, and rotation could be an important factor in the preservation of their fuzzy cores.
Radar Circular Polarization Ratio of Near-Earth Asteroids: Links to Spectral Taxonomy and Surface Processes
Authors: Rivera-Valentín Edgard G. , Aponte-Hernández Betzaida , Taylor Patrick A. , Nolan Michael C. , Howell Ellen S. , Waller Dany , Zambrano-Marín Luisa F. , Virkki Anne K. , Ballouz Ronald-Louis , Stickle Angela M.
Published: October 2024

The radar circular polarization ratio (CPR) is an indicator of near-surface, wavelength-scale complexity. Interestingly, previous surveys also noted an association between near-Earth asteroid (NEA) disk-integrated CPR and spectral taxonomic class, potentially reflecting differences in regolith mechanical properties and/or surface histories. Here, using Arecibo S-band radar measurements, we revisit this relationship, as well as associations with orbital and physical parameters, to test the impact of compositional class and surface processes on CPR. We found that the X complex, and potentially V-type NEAs, follow a bimodal CPR distribution, while the other studied taxonomies are unimodal. Considering S, C, Q, L, V, and X types, a CPR ≳ 1 is diagnostic of the high-CPR X complex, which includes all Xe types, while a CPR ≲ 0.4 is shared by S, C, Q, and L types. V types are not reliably identified by CPR alone. The high CPR tied to some X types may be reflective of significant roughness over multiple scales, but further analysis, including experimental insights, is needed to understand this signature. Furthermore, we found strong evidence that Aten NEAs have both a broader distribution and a higher median CPR than objects outside of Earth’s orbit. This may suggest that these Earth-crossing asteroids have their surficial physical properties altered by planetary encounters, indicating that such processes act over centimeter-to-decimeter scales. The 2029 close approach of NEA (99942) Apophis presents a unique opportunity to integrate ground-based radar observations with spacecraft measurements, such as by the Apophis Explorer (OSIRIS-APEX) mission, to reveal how resurfacing events alter NEA radar properties.
A morphological and high throughput sequencing workflow to identify Australian ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae): a new tool for biosecurity and biodiversity
Authors: Martoni Francesco , Buxton James , Sparks Kathryn S. , Li Tongda , Smith Reannon L. , Rako Lea , Blacket Mark J.
Published: October 2024

Ants are often the most ubiquitous and ecologically influential components of terrestrial systems, exhibiting an exceptionally high level of endemic diversity. Simultaneously, exotic ants can be amongst the most environmentally and economically devastating biological invaders. Distinguishing between exotic and related natives is essential for early detection and to reduce the chance of establishment, but at the species-level there remains a great deal of uncertainty among several of the most diverse, widespread and ecologically dominant genera. This taxonomic impediment negatively impacts the use of molecular techniques relying on reference databases, due to the poor state of ant DNA sequences in publicly available repositories, with many species not represented at all and others incorrectly identified. As a result, biosecurity screening for targeted exotic ants and assigning ant species-level identifications for biodiversity remain two separate areas of focus in Australia.

Here we propose a workflow for the identification of ants that enables simultaneous processing of large numbers of “bulk” ant samples each containing many individuals, increasing resolution for taxonomic assignment, and generating a curated database linked to voucher specimens. We use a non-destructive DNA extraction method and compare two high throughput sequencing (HTS) metabarcoding platforms – MiSeq (Illumina) and MinION (Oxford Nanopore Technologies) – processing up to 180 bulk mixed ant samples per run. This approach allowed for the acquisition of curated DNA sequences from voucher specimens morphologically examined by expert taxonomists. This work highlights the advantages and current limitations of DNA-based identifications, the needs for standardisation, as well as the importance of a taxonomy-based curation of DNA database for both biodiversity and biosecurity.
Plant communities of high-Andean bofedal wetlands across a trans-Andean transect in southern Peru
Authors: Maldonado-Fonkén Mónica , Chuquillanqui Héctor , Vildoso Bruno , Linares-Palomino Reynaldo
Published: October 2024

Aims: Ecosystems of the Tropical Andes include plant communities above 4,000 m in elevation, associated with wetlands known as bofedales. To enhance our understanding of them, we surveyed bofedal plant communities in the Peruvian Andes. Questions: Which are the most common bofedal plant communities, and what are their main characteristics? Study area: An east-to-west 68 km megatransect in Ayacucho and Huancavelica departments in Peru, the area of influence of a gas pipeline. Methods: We surveyed 127 (1 m × 1 m) permanent plots annually between 2017 and 2019 to assess plant communities, calculated diversity metrics, and applied non-parametric hypothesis testing analysis of similarities and multivariate analyses to the data. Results: We identified 13 plant communities with 3.5 to 11.7 mean species richness. Only seven were statistically different; the other six were rare and require additional surveys to define their status as independent communities. The Distichia muscoides-dominated community was found in most sites (90%), plots (55%), and along the entire elevational range we studied. D. muscoides, Plantago tubulosa, and Rockhausenia pygmaea were the most frequent species in the studied bofedales (in 30 of 31 sites). These species are usually cushion or carpet forming, so average plant cover was high in most plant communities where they occurred (89–98%). The seven plant communities (dominated by D. muscoides, R. pygmaea, Plantago tubulosa, P. rigida, Lachemilla diplophylla, Aciachne pulvinata and Juncus stipulatus) were consistent in their structural and compositional characteristics and maintained differences between them during our three-year study. Conclusions: We show that bofedal plant communities in the southern Peruvian Andes are more heterogeneous than the four broad types previously reported. This heterogeneity occurs at local site levels but also at landscape and regional scales. We highlight the importance of considering this heterogeneity when discussing and implementing management, restoration, and conservation actions in bofedales.

Taxonomic reference: WFO (2024)
Vegetation classification in the Neotropics – Novel insights from Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Peyre Gwendolyn , Andrade Bianca O. , Velazquez Alejandro , Giorgis Melisa A.
Published: October 2024

Our editorial introduces a Special Collection of scientific articles on current vegetation research in the most biodiverse of all biogeographic realms, the Neotropics. It contains nine scientific contributions dedicated to vegetation data, description and classification. Four research papers provide new vegetation classifications of important Neotropical biomes, namely the Arid Chaco in Argentina, Mexican temperate forests, and Andean wetlands in the Argentine Puna and southern Peru. Furthermore, one study provides a novel bioclimatic-vegetation classification approach applied to Mexican vegetation, while another proposes a new synthesis of the South American terrestrial biomes as geocomplexes. Finally, three vegetation databases are presented in the Special Collection: ArgVeg – Database of Central Argentina (GIVD ID: SA-AR-002), CACTUS – Vegetation database of the Dutch Caribbean Islands (GIVD ID: SA-00-004) and VegAndes: the vegetation database for the Latin American highlands (GIVD ID: SA-00-005). The Special Collection provides fundamental data and tools to better understand the diversity and complexity of Neotropical vegetation.

Abbreviations: GIVD = Global Index of Vegetation-Plot Databases, IAVS = International Association for Vegetation Science, IAVS-LACS = IAVS Regional Section for the Latin America and the Caribbean, VCS = Vegetation Classification and Survey
Insights into phylogenetic relationships and gene rearrangements: complete mitogenomes of two sympatric species in the genus Rana (Anura, Ranidae)
Authors: Li Jingfang , Xie Mei , Zhang Fangpeng , Shu Juan , Zhang Jun , Zhang Zhinuo , Xiang Hongmei , Jiang Wansheng
Published: October 2024

Mitochondrial genomes (also known as mitogenomes) serve as valuable molecular markers and have found widespread applications in molecular biology and ecology. There is abundant sequence variation in vertebrate mitogenomes, and occasionally, they exhibit gene rearrangements. In this study, two Chinese endemic Rana species, Rana jiemuxiensis and Rana hanluica, were sequenced and analyzed to obtain their complete mitogenomes. The two species were sympatrically distributed in the Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, in Wulingyuan District, Zhangjiajie City, Hunan Province, China. The mitogenome of R. jiemuxiensis was 17,506 bp, while that of R. hanluica was 17,505 bp, each comprising 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), and a non-coding control region (D-loop). The gene content, nucleotide composition, and evolutionary rates of each mitogenome were analyzed and compared with those of congeners. A phylogenetic analysis based on 22 mitogenomes in Rana revealed that the two sympatric species were in two different lineages, indicating that they were genetically separated to a certain extent. Three types of gene rearrangement patterns were identified when examining the gene orders of the 22 Rana mitogenomes. Most of the species shared a second and dominant gene rearrangement pattern that originated from the first ancient pattern. A “tandem duplication – multiple deletion” hypothesis was proposed to explain the evolution of these different gene rearrangement patterns. This study provided valuable data references and enhanced our understanding of the phylogenetic implications and gene rearrangements of Rana species.
Introduction. Pour une histoire matérielle et intermédiatique de l’image verticale
Authors: Sandoz Marie , Weber Anne-Katrin
Published: October 2024

L’introduction présente la notion d’image verticale qui constitue le cœur de ce dossier. L’histoire des vues aériennes est caractérisée par la multiplicité de leurs usages et des significations qui leur ont été associées. Les contributions réunies ici interrogent cette plasticité et son rôle dans la production de savoirs militaires et scientifiques, ainsi que dans des stratégies d’assujettissement ou de résistance politiques. Catégorie à valeur heuristique et exploratoire, l’image verticale articule hiérarchies politiques et arrangements spatiaux et visuels spécifiques. Elle encourage à porter attention à l’historicité, aux enjeux politiques, à la matérialité et à la multiplicité des supports sur lesquels se déploient les vues aériennes. Cette introduction discute trois de ses dimensions : son mode de vision, l’engagement des corps qu’implique sa production, son utilisation et ses effets et, finalement, leur infrastructure matérielle et technique.
L’hégémonie verticale par le bas. Cartographie et photographie aérienne dans la Syrie d’entre-deux‑guerres
Authors: Zakar Adrien
Published: October 2024

Cet article aborde la question de l’image verticale dans une perspective historique à travers le cas de la photographie aérienne dans la Syrie d’entre-deux-guerres. Par l’étude d’une série de révoltes contre le mandat français (1920-1946), il met en lumière l’agentivité des acteurs sur le terrain en considérant les actes de contestation qu’ils déploient. Se basant sur des documents en plusieurs langues et couvrant plusieurs décennies, l’analyse démontre que le transfert de l’image verticale entre domaine militaire et sphère civile est conditionné par une série de tensions et influences mutuelles entre producteurs et populations ciblées, et entre pouvoirs coloniaux ou impériaux et populations locales. L’article explore comment ces pôles se réarticulent différemment tout au long du développement de la cartographie au temps de l’impérialisme ottoman et de la photographie aérienne dans le contexte colonial en soulignant l’entremêlement de plusieurs générations d’outils techniques.
Interprétation des images de télédétection militaire. La reconnaissance aérienne des Alliés occidentaux pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale
Authors: Nowak Lars
Published: October 2024

Cet article analyse un aspect de la télédétection militaire peu étudié jusqu’ici dans la recherche en sciences culturelles, à savoir l’interprétation des images qui en résultent. Son importance tient au fait que ces images ne se laissent pas aisément déchiffrer. Pour relever ce défi, des compétences spécifiques aux interprètes de l’image, une organisation particulière de leur coopération et une technicisation de la lecture des images sont requises. Le présent article évoque ces interrelations en s’appuyant sur l’exemple de l’interprétation des images aériennes des Alliés occidentaux durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, en accordant une attention particulière au rôle joué par les opératrices féminines.
De la surveillance à la contestation. Flux et reflux du régime esthétique de la frontière en Méditerranée
Authors: Heller Charles , Sandoz Marie , Weber Anne-Katrin
Published: October 2024

Anne-Katrin Weber et Marie Sandoz se sont entretenues avec le chercheur et cinéaste Charles Heller, fondateur avec Lorenzo Pezzani du projet de recherche Forensic Oceanography. Dans ce cadre, ils enquêtent depuis 2011 sur les politiques migratoires qui régissent la Méditerranée et en particulier sur la violence des États qui s’y déploient. Notre entretien revient sur leur travail qui intervient à l’intersection entre l’hypervisbilité des images de bateaux de migrants qui circulent dans l’espace public et l’imperceptibilité de celles qui révéleraient d’autres aspects des luttes qui se jouent en mer. Face à la multitude d’images satellitaires, de surveillance, photographiques, thermiques et cartographiques mobilisée par Forensic Oceanography, nous avons discuté de comment le régime d’in/visibilité qui structure l’espace maritime peut être renégocié dans une visée bien précise, celle de contestation de la violence des frontières. Cette appropriation des images verticales et leur détournement militant a constitué le fil rouge de notre conversation.
Histoire des appareils photographiques aériens. L’exposition Historische Luftfahrt bis 1918 et les collections insulaires du Deutsches Museum
Authors: Quagliati Noemi
Published: October 2024

Le Deutsches Museum de Munich possède une riche collection d’appareils photographiques aériens. Pour la première fois depuis l’après-guerre, certains de ces appareils sont sur le point de constituer un thème indépendant, nommé Luftbildfotografie, au sein du nouveau département de l’aviation. Cet article analyse les origines de ce choix curatorial tout en portant un regard sur les procédés matériels – et animaux – qui ont participé à la production de vues aériennes au début du XXe siècle. En s’attardant sur des appareils et des procédés spécifiques (fusée photographique, appareil panoramique pour pigeons voyageurs, appareil de prise de vues en série, appareil-mitraillette, etc.), cet article décrit également l’institutionnalisation de la photographie aérienne en tant que discipline militaire durant la Première Guerre mondiale. Les implications épistémologiques et la perception de l’imagerie aérienne par le grand public sont explorées par le biais des fonctionnalités matérielles et technologiques des appareils photographiques aériens ainsi que des circonstances de l’intégration de ces artéfacts au sein du Deutsches Museum.
Les pratiques photographiques dans les mela. Savoir‑faire informel et images composites en Inde du Nord
Authors: Siddiqui Sameena
Published: October 2024

En Inde du Nord, les rassemblements populaires portant le nom de mela font partie intégrante de la saison des récoltes, des fêtes religieuses, de l’économie marchande et de la culture de la mobilité depuis le XVIe ou le XVIIe siècle. Cet article est consacré aux pratiques des studios photographiques improvisés depuis le début du XXe siècle dans ces bazars itinérants, informels et périodiques, qui ont joué un rôle important dans la création et la consommation d’images photographiques. Basé sur une série d’entretiens, il analyse le rôle et les pratiques des photographes de mela qui ont inventé, à partir d’outils de fortune, de nouvelles formes d’images à l’aide de trucages et du recours à la peinture. Il interroge aussi la façon dont ces « images composites » ont ébranlé la fonction de véracité de la photographie en tant que médium, et mis à l’épreuve les hiérarchies sociales par la satire et le jeu. Dans les années 1950, après l’indépendance de l’Inde, ces pratiques ont en effet permis l’émergence de nouvelles façons de voir et d’affirmer les identités des citoyens, quels que soient leur classe sociale et leur milieu d’origine.
India (photo) papers. Enquête au cœur d’une pénurie programmée de matériel photographique (années 1950‑1980)
Authors: Heering Alexandra de
Published: October 2024

India (photo) papers propose une investigation au cœur de l’histoire matérielle de la photographie en Inde, des années 1950 aux années 1980. Ce faisant, cet article questionne un angle mort de la recherche sur l’histoire de la photographie dans cette région du monde, elle-même peu étudiée. En ouvrant ce dossier portant sur la pénurie de matériel photographique « orchestrée » par le gouvernement indien pour des raisons économiques, il explore les réponses déployées par les gens du métier pour faire face aux problèmes d’accessibilité de matériel et continuer à exercer malgré tout. Grâce à la découverte d’archives inédites et à des entretiens menés auprès d’anciens photographes et vendeurs de matériel, India (photo) papers analyse les stratégies méconnues d’association, de contournement mais également de production indigène de matériel photographique qui ont émaillé la vie des acteurs du secteur. Cette plongée dans les entrailles matérielles de la photographie en Inde constitue une occasion féconde de mieux comprendre la réalité et les spécificités de la pratique contemporaine du médium dans cette partie du monde, tout en les mettant en lien avec le contexte macro‑économique.
Verre et poussière. L’hygiène photographique à l’ère industrielle
Authors: Korola Katerina
Published: October 2024

Cet article prend l’Élevage de poussière (1920) de Man Ray comme point de départ d’une étude sur l’histoire de la poussière considérée comme un problème photographique. En envisageant la photographie de Man Ray avant tout comme une étude d’un dépôt de poussière sur du verre, l’article examine la manière dont les photographes ont composé avec la poussière sur le plan de la représentation, de la matérialité et de l’environnement. Car si le développement de la photomicrographie a permis d’observer les poussières avec un niveau de détail inédit, la plaque photographique les a rendues perceptibles de diverses manières autrement gênantes. L’accumulation de poussière sur le verre a constitué l’un des défis les plus tenaces pour les photographes, ce qui a conduit au développement de procédures d’hygiène photographique rigoureuses, inscrivant la pratique photographique dans le discours porté par le courant du modernisme hygiéniste émergent. La photographie a contribué à ce discours non seulement en tant que moyen de représentation, mais aussi en tant que pratique hygiénique à part entière, nous incitant à reconsidérer la place de la photographie – et de l’hygiène photographique – dans une écologie plus large de l’extraction, de la production et des déchets industriels.
Can Man Survive? (1969). Exposer un avenir écologique funeste
Authors: Ramade Bénédicte
Published: October 2024

En 1969, le musée américain d’histoire naturelle de New York célébra son centenaire avec une exposition multimédia uniquement constituée d’images photographiques et filmiques qui, plutôt que de mettre en avant l’exceptionnalisme de la nature du pays, documentaient sur un ton dénonciateur et alarmiste la pollution de l’eau et de l’air, la surpopulation et la dégradation globale des conditions de vie sur terre. Can Man Survive? fut à l’affiche du musée jusqu’en mai 1971 avec une scénographie inspirée par les expositions universelles et la télévision, se distinguant de l’iconographie de la défense de la nature jusque-là en vigueur. En reconstituant l’expérience de visite de cet objet expographique à partir de comptes rendus d’époque et de l’examen d’images du catalogue, puis en le comparant avec les stratégies de diffusion d’une organisation de protection des espaces sauvages et des ressources comme le Sierra Club, on peut comprendre la rupture iconographique et idéologique que représente cette exposition paradoxalement tombée dans l’oubli.
Décoloniser le regard sur la nature. Roberto Huarcaya en conversation avec Teresa Castro et Estelle Sohier
Authors: Huarcaya Roberto , Castro Teresa , Sohier Estelle
Published: October 2024

Cet entretien avec le photographe Roberto Huarcaya a été réalisé en marge d’une exposition réunissant trois séries photographiques, Amazogrammes, Andinogrammes et Océanogrammes, présentées aux Rencontres d’Arles à l’été 2023. Figure de proue de la photographie péruvienne contemporaine, Roberto Huarcaya y conviait le public à une immersion sensible dans des formes parfois reconnaissables, souvent indistinctes, fixées sur des photogrammes de plusieurs mètres de long représentant la forêt amazonienne, l’océan, ou encore des danses. Dans cet entretien, il revient sur les limites de l’appareil photographique face au foisonnement du vivant, sur l’extrême diversité des regards possibles sur l’Amazonie, ou encore sur le rôle de l’image dans notre monde post‑colonial.
Luminances comparées. Une archéologie plastique de l’image télévisuelle et digitale
Authors: Pernuit Pierre-Jacques
Published: October 2024

Cet article propose une généalogie à la fois technique, culturelle et plastique de l’émergence des écrans et de l’imagerie électronique au XXe siècle. Là où les études de médias se sont principalement concentrées sur les avancées techniques de la télévision et du radar pour comprendre ces phénomènes, il s’agit ici de mettre au jour une série d’expérimentations artistiques nord-américaines remontant à l’entre-deux-guerres. Ces contributions significatives à l’exploration du potentiel de l’imagerie électronique furent le fruit de dialogues et de collaborations entre les laboratoires d’ingénierie des grandes sociétés de télécommunications et des artistes pionniers dans le domaine des médias visuels. En particulier, l’article aborde ce sujet au prisme des remédiations de l’art de la « Mobile Color » de Thomas Wilfred et à travers le critère technique de l’intensité lumineuse des images.
Partager (vraiment) le pouvoir en entreprise ? La prise de décision de la coopérative holacratique d’Enercoop Midi-Pyrénées en question
Authors: Maître Rémi
Published: October 2024

Entre une montée en puissance de l’écologie marchande et un capitalisme tari par ses propres contradictions, cet article propose d’explorer une troisième voie, celle de l’étude de l’éthique de collectifs citoyens qui choisissent de s’organiser en coopérative. Ces collectifs mobilisent trois principes : une lucrativité limitée, un capital détenu par les usagers et un pouvoir partagé. À partir du cas d’Enercoop, fournisseur coopératif d’électricité renouvelable, l’article explore la façon dont le pouvoir est partagé au sein de la coopérative locale d’Enercoop Midi-Pyrénées, en mobilisant l’holacratie. Après une présentation de cette coopérative locale et des spécificités de l’holacratie, son organisation par systèmes délibératifs est décrite, avant de mettre la focale sur les modalités de la prise de décision au sein de l’équipe de la coopérative. À partir de l’analyse de sessions d’observation et d’entretiens, la modalité collective dite de décision par consentement est détaillée, puis analysée grâce à l’éthique appliquée, à partir de deux exemples de réunion observés au sein de la coopérative.
L’empowerment en santé reproductive : vers une visée éthique des soins
Authors: Masella Marie-Alexia , Godard Béatrice
Published: October 2024

L’empowerment des patients est une approche plébiscitée pour ses effets bénéfiques sur leur santé et leur place d’acteurs dans leurs soins. D’autres approches dites collaboratives en santé sont également apparues ces dernières décennies et présentent des avantages pour les patients. Dans cette myriade de modèles de relations de soins, nous souhaitons mettre de l’avant les liens existants entre l’empowerment et certaines approches de soins collaboratives. Nous voulons également présenter et analyser les enjeux et les défis liés à la promotion de l’empowerment en contexte de soins obstétriques. Pour ce faire, nous prenons l’exemple des personnes enceintes au Canada et présentons une réflexion autour de leur volonté à acquérir plus de pouvoir sur leur suivi de grossesse, ainsi que sur les possibilités qu’elles ont à faire valoir cette volonté et les éventuels risques liés à la mise en place d’un tel processus.
HedgeTools : un outil d’analyse spatiale dédié à l’évaluation de la multifonctionnalité des haies
Authors: Marquès Gabriel , Villierme Lewis , Boissonnat Jean-Baptiste , Guébin Guillaume , Lang Marc , Monteil Claude , Sheeren David
Published: October 2024

Les haies jouent des rôles clés dans les paysages agricoles, mais leur caractérisation automatique par analyse spatiale est complexe. Dans cet article, nous décrivons les principales fonctionnalités d’un outil open source — HedgeTools — qui permet de calculer une diversité d’indicateurs contribuant à évaluer la multifonctionnalité des haies. Il permet de créer la géométrie des objets, de les redécouper en fonction de divers critères et d’extraire leurs caractéristiques à différents niveaux d’agrégation. HedgeTools vise à faciliter la gestion et la préservation des haies en permettant d’évaluer leur état et leurs fonctions dans les paysages, avec des perspectives d’amélioration et d’extension de ses fonctionnalités.
Adopting HyFlex in Higher Education in Response to COVID-19: Students’ Perceptions and Perspectives
Authors: El Ganbour Rachid , Dihi Mohamed , Bouali Assya
Published: October 2024

When the coronavirus pandemic was declared as a Public Health Emergency, educational ministries and institutions unanimously opted for distance education as a solution to carry on teaching and learning worldwide. Flexible hybrid courses (HyFlex) are one of the innovative teaching devices that have emerged since the health crisis and aimed to achieve educational continuity and satisfy learners’ various needs. Based on a research model inspired by the different extensions of the technology acceptance model (TAM), we conducted a study with 249 students from the faculty of medicine and pharmacy affiliated with Mohammed First University in Oujda (Morocco) who learned in a HyFlex environment during the 2020–2021 fall semester. The study addressed students’ perceptions regarding the implementation of blended-learning and its dimensions. It aimed to analyse the perceptions of usefulness and ease of use of the HyFlex model and the facilitating conditions and individual characteristics, chiefly the availability of technological resources and the mastery of the computational tool on the behavioural intention of adopting this approach. The results show that attitude, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and availability of technological resources are the main factors favouring the acceptance of e-learning by the surveyed students.
University Lecturers’ Experiences from the Classroom to a MOOC. Are they ready?
Authors: Johnson Jane Helen , Thüne Eva-Maria , Caruso Carmelo
Published: October 2024

This article explores the experience of contributors to a MOOC designed mainly for students embarking on second-cycle Master’s degree courses. Following the COVID pandemic, university lecturers were forced to adapt their traditional courses and lecture style in order to continue teaching. This involved a sudden shift to video conferencing platforms and the transformation of the format of learning objects. Teaching staff rapidly had to become familiar with new technologies and teaching strategies. Although all educators in Higher Education had to develop these new skills, getting involved in creating asynchronous online courses was yet another step into unfamiliar territory. A departmental research group designed a MOOC which will award university credits to users completing it. An initial survey to assess willingness to be involved and create content revealed considerable interest among teaching staff. Throughout the design and production process, the drop-out rate remained low. Teaching staff remained keen to contribute to the MOOC. Our hypothesis was that the recent disruption caused by the pandemic meant that teaching staff would be more open to new methods of teaching, and this would affect their approach to the design process in the future. Through the use of surveys and interviews to evaluate contributors’ attitudes, experience and knowledge, we focus on the connections between traditional F2F teaching, online teaching and asynchronous teaching via MOOC, as well as highlighting lessons for both contributors and organisers.
Exploring the Design and Application of an Intelligent French Dictation Platform
Authors: Zhai Yuming , Huang (corresponding author) Xiaoliang , Tian Nina
Published: October 2024

Dictation is considered an efficient exercise for testing French as a foreign language (FFL) learners’ language proficiency. However, the traditional class-based approach to dictation is constrained by the inherent complexity of the exercise’s design, materialisation, and delivery. In this research, we adopted a design-based research approach to design, develop, and apply an intelligent French dictation platform, which we tested on 50 undergraduate FFL learners. By examining their feedback, we identified certain advantages of the platform, such as time–space flexibility, instant correction, and the opportunity to repeat exercises, but also some disadvantages, such as inconvenient text entry, the inability to question a teacher, and the absence of collective learning and supervision. Crucially, this study constitutes an encouraging step forward in classifying frequent errors made by Chinese learners. The results provide a starting point for developing more advanced dictation platforms that will be capable of automatised error classification in the future.
Changements des gestes professionnels des enseignants du présentiel au distanciel
Authors: Aberkane Chaymae , El Mouhsine Sara , Azzimani Toufik
Published: October 2024

L’année 2020 a été marquée par la crise sanitaire provoquée par la COVID-19, par conséquent, le passage brutal d’une modalité d’enseignement apprentissage en présentiel vers une modalité totalement à distance a été imposé. Ce changement de modalité a mis les acteurs concernés dans une situation inédite, dans laquelle, ils étaient incités à adapter leurs pratiques pédagogiques notamment leurs gestes professionnels avec une modalité d’enseignement totalement en ligne. Ce travail de recherche part de deux objectifs principaux : identifier d’abord les difficultés rencontrées par les enseignants pour faire face à ce changement, puis repérer l’impact de ce mode d’enseignement sur les gestes professionnels à la lumière du modèle de Jorro (2005). Pour ce faire, nous avons opté pour une recherche qualitative réalisée à travers des entretiens semi-directifs avec quarante enseignants appartenant aux différents établissements de l’Université Mohammed Premier. Ces enseignants ont manifesté des difficultés quant à la mise en place des gestes professionnels dans un contexte d’enseignement à distance. Ces difficultés ont engendré par la suite des changements résidant dans l’apparition et la suppression de certains gestes.