bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE JIGSAW DAN TIPE NHT TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Hardin Fransiskus , Widayat Edy , Listiana Yuli
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study was a) to see if there was an application of the Jigsaw-type cooperative learning model with NHT on the learning outcomes of class VII students of SMP IPIEMS Surabaya. b) To see whether there is an effect of using the Jigsaw and NHT cooperative learning models on the learning outcomes of seventh grade students of SMP IPIEMS Surabaya. This study used a quantitative approach and the type of experimental research was using true experimental design with the pretest-posttest control group design. The statistical test used is the sample t test and multiple linear regression. The results showed: a) there was no application of the jigsaw cooperative learning model with the NHT type on student learning outcomes, b) there was a significant effect on the application of the jigsaw and NHT cooperative learning model.
Emprendimiento Femenino en el Perú: Puntos Fuertes y Débiles para su Sostenibilidad en el Tiempo
Authors: Aranibar Ramos Edgar Romario , Huachani Licona Daniela Yerdely , Zúñiga Chávez María Yulidsa
Published: April 2022

Peruvian women’s enterprises show a continuous development. However, they present limiting factors that negatively influence their sustainability over time, gender equality and inequalities reduction, as well as domestic national economy. In this way, this research aims to contribute with relevant information regarding the strengths and weaknesses within women’s enterprises in Peru for their sustainability. Thereby, a review of primary and secondary, national and international sources was carried out, from which data was collected concerning the profile of the female entrepreneur, motivations, facilitating and limiting factors for theirentrepreneurship. Consequently, it was found that 39% of Peruvian women are considered as entrepreneurs, 77.3% are in the informal sector of the economy, being their main motivations economic support and self-improvement. Additionally, in the facilitating and limiting factors, a variety of characteristics divided into personal, family, social, economic-financial and technological aspects were perceived; noticing family associativity, the strengthening of institutional support and networking as facilitators; having on the other hand, the lack of investment in social capital and family violence. Finally, it is proposed to develop research and policies that address the limitations exposed and explore facilitating factors to guarantee adequate growth and its sustainability over time.
Impact of Covid-19 on the Indian Economy
Authors: Patnaik Ila , Sengupta Rajeswari
Published: April 2022

Issue: Sep-Oct 2020

Amidst the economic slowdown triggered by the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in India there have been many demands for the government to announce a large fiscal stimulus to support the economy. Economic growth and tax revenues remain uncertain in 2020-21 making it challenging for the government to finance any addition to the fiscal deficit. In this paper we work out alternative scenarios of fiscal deficit for 2020-21. We find that in our baseline scenario, assuming a 5% contraction in real GDP and a 14.4% contraction in net tax revenue, fiscal deficit of the central government will be 6.2% of GDP. JEL: E6, H2, H5, H6
Fiscal Dominance - A Theory of Everything in India
Authors: Acharya Viral V
Published: April 2022

Issue: Nov-Dec 2020

This article focuses on the different channels through which fiscal dominance of the central bank affects financial stability in India, notably through its effect on bank recapitalization and regulation, default closure norms, monetary policy decisions, bond market regulations, capital flow measures and central bank balance sheet. Fiscal dominance also has other side effects on the economy, such as crowding out of private sector investment, external sector fragility of corporate sector financing, financial fragility of firms reliant on market financing, and finally, poor transmission of monetary policy. The paper ends with recommendations on the steps a central bank can take to limit being fiscally dominated. This requires a firm commitment to long-term financial stability, which must be reflected in the central bank’s objectives. The central bank must have autonomy over regulatory decisions, including for government-owned entities in the banking and financial sector.  The central bank should adopt a mostly rules-based policy making approach rather than relying on excessive discretion. Finally, the central bank should be democratically accountable through transparency of actions and intent as well as an acknowledgement of limitations of its policy options.
Reflexões sobre o ensino de gêneros orais
Authors: Alves da Silva Adriane
Published: April 2022

A compreensão de que um trabalho efetivo e coerente com os gêneros orais se faz necessário e urgente motivou a escrita desse artigo. Embora a fala esteja presente em todas as situações da vida cotidiana, a escola dá muito mais ênfase à escrita do que à oralidade em suas práticas. Observações realizadas em aulas de Língua Portuguesa apontaram não apenas para a ausência de um trabalho significativo envolvendo os gêneros orais, mas também para a compreensão equivocada que se faz do uso destes. Frequentemente confunde-se oralidade com leitura em voz alta ou participação nas aulas. Outro fator relevante dessa problemática consiste na atribuição das mesmas normas rígidas da escrita para a fala. Sendo assim, o preconceito linguístico também tem destaque nesse estudo. Aliado aos pressupostos teóricos, que foram buscados em Bakhtin e outros, a pesquisa adota a concepção sócio- -histórica-ideológica da linguagem, na qual os enunciados são construídos em situações reais e na relação dialógica dos sujeitos com seus pares no meio social.
Queremos o Meio Ambiente por inteiro.
Authors: Maria Martins Silva Eva , Aparecida Maciel Negri Giselle
Published: April 2022

Este artigo tem por finalidade descrever as atividades desenvolvidas no projeto Queremos o meio ambiente por inteiro. O consumo sustentável em discussão, realizado pelas professoras do 5º ano do ensino fundamental dentro do programa Escola e Universidade desenvolvida pela Secretaria da Educação de Curitiba. Através de práticas ambientais na escola Municipal Professora Sophia Gaertner Roslindo, teve como principal objetivo oferecer aos alunos, e comunidade, condições para refletir sobre as causas e os efeitos da degradação inconsciente, possibilitando a mudança de comportamento e atitudes que visem à sustentabilidade norteada pelos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais – PCN, do tema Meio Ambiente. O desenvolvimento do projeto buscou despertar, na unidade escolar, a responsabilidade de conscientização sobre o meio ambiente, pois nem sempre a comunidade tem acesso à educação formal, palestras e eventos com práticas ambientais.
Entre expectativas e representações
Authors: Paulo de Souza Silva João
Published: April 2022

Este artigo busca analisar o período inicial da história da Escola Experimental Maria Montessori, atual Escola Estadual Maria Montessori. Buscamos apresentar as representações da escola que serviu de laboratório para as práticas pedagógicas das estudantes normalistas para o trabalho nas escolas rurais. A instituição se caracterizou como uma das experiências de modernização educacional dos anos 1950, caracterizadas pela transição entre a educação baseada em fundamentos filosóficos, desenvolvida por eruditos educadores, e a educação baseada em fundamentos científicos, realizada por especialistas.
A cultura afro-brasileira encantando a educação física escolar
Authors: Granato Patrícia , Dallarmi Pellanda Veridiana
Published: April 2022

A lei nº. 10.639/03 instituiu o ensino da cultura africana e afro-brasileira dentro das escolas do Brasil, mas ainda há dificuldades para que a lei seja cumprida de forma satisfatória. Logo, é necessário trabalhar com a cultura afro-brasileira em todas as disciplinas escolares, inclusive na Educação Física, por ser um conteúdo significativo e pouco explorado no ambiente escolar. O trabalho tem por objetivo possibilitar o contato com a cultura afro-brasileira a fim de conhecer a origem, os valores e a cultura negra enfatizando o quanto dessa cultura está presente em nós, nos conteúdos da Educação Física e em nossa sociedade.
Educação de jovens e adultos
Authors: Furiatti Luciane , Dallari Bruno , Martins Marinita
Published: April 2022

O artigo tem como objetivo a pesquisa-ação, voltada para intervir na realidade social. Desenvolve a prática de alfabetização e letramento, utilizando o tema nordeste brasileiro, assunto selecionado devido as expectativas do grupo de alunos no qual foi aplicado. A partir do tema e com a intenção de realizar atividades relacionadas à dinâmica da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA), visa elucidar a importância da prática de alfabetização, letramento e tema gerador para atender aos estudantes da EJA, nas suas especificidades.
Esportes de aventura nas aulas de Educação Física
Authors: Leder de França Dilvano , Corrêa Domingues Soraya
Published: April 2022

O objetivo da pesquisa é investigar as possibilidades e os desafios apresentados no processo de inclusão e aplicação dos esportes de aventura como conteúdo nas aulas de educação física no ciclo II do ensino fundamental. Os participantes da pesquisa são alunos de 3º, 4º e 5º anos do ensino fundamental de três escolas da rede municipal de ensino de Curitiba. A pesquisa ocorreu de forma bibliográfica e pesquisa de campo, verificando as possibilidades e dificuldades encontradas, analisando as contribuições no desenvolvimento educacional dos estudantes, e justificando a sua inclusão nas aulas de educação física. A coleta de dados ocorreu nas aulas da disciplina de educação física, visando a prática corporal das atividades de esportes de aventura por meio das modalidades de corrida de orientação, slackline e arvorismo.
Criança tem VOZ!
Authors: Kopsch Luciana
Published: April 2022

Este artigo trata de uma pesquisa realizada na Escola Municipal Castro – Regional Boqueirão, objeto do Projeto Operação Lanche, desenvolvido para dar voz às crianças, público atendido pelo lanche ofertado pela Prefeitura Municipal de Curitiba, por meio de empresa terceirizada. Pesquisa aplicada pelos estudantes em todas as turmas da escola nos turnos manhã e tarde, num total de 261 participantes, na qual foi possível tabular dados relevantes, referentes à aceitação do cardápio oferecido e demonstrar a satisfação e opinião dos estudantes acerca da qualidade do lanche. Os processos educativos na escola perpassam pela ação concreta dos estudantes, sobre isso trata este artigo.
Trinta anos de “eleições” de diretores(as) das escolas municipais de Curitiba
Authors: Riva Finatti Renata
Published: April 2022

O trabalho objetiva discutir o provimento das funções de direção de escolas municipais de Curitiba, entre a década de 1980 e 2015, por meio da série histórica das equipes “eleitas” pela comunidade escolar. A rede municipal de ensino de Curitiba possui processos de escolha de diretores(as) e vicediretores( as) das escolas anterior à Constituição Federal de 1988 e, portanto, às exigências legais nacionais para gestão democrática da escola pública. A pesquisa evidenciou que a legislação acerca desses processos de provimento permitiu a constituição de uma “carreira de direção escolar” (inexistente, oficialmente) uma vez que décadas no poder se efetivaram por processos democráticos.
Inclusão educacional
Authors: Cristiane Alves Mônica
Published: April 2022

Este artigo surgiu de uma preocupação com o atendimento às crianças com Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) na escola, quando da transição dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental para os anos finais; quando as crianças saem da escola municipal e adentram a escola estadual para cursar o 6º ano. Tal mudança gera inúmeras dificuldades às crianças, em especial as com TDAH, que precisam de um tempo maior. Os problemas são inúmeros passando, em especial, pela burocracia. Este estudo procura fazer um breve levantamento da legislação referente à inclusão, bem como trazer elementos da literatura disponível para uma reflexão sobre a importância de conhecer o transtorno.
Assembleias estudantis
Authors: Garcia Pinheiro de Oliveira Andressa
Published: April 2022

Esse texto é um relato de experiência sobre a construção e resultados de assembleias estudantis realizadas com estudantes do ensino fundamental II. Experiência que traz evidências que divergem de ideias que vem ganhando espaço em nossa sociedade, como através do movimento Escola Sem Partido. Demonstra que o ato de ensinar sempre educa, e que há reconhecimento e reivindicação de meninos e meninas sobre o papel formativo que a escola possui. Compartilho com a intenção de que ele inspire nossas lutas por condições de trabalho, autonomia docente, que nos permitam continuar a realizar a construção de práticas preocupadas com a formação humana, sem que isso precise ser visto como algo excepcional ou ato de heroísmo.
As lutas na educação e o Ideário democrático e Popular
Authors: Kathyury Kataoka Emyly
Published: April 2022

O artigo problematiza alguns dos limites da Estratégia Democrática e Popular e das lutas gerais orientadas pelo ideário desta estratégia, trazendo apontamentos sobre as bandeiras e as táticas de lutas. Este é um estudo bibliográfico que também contou com análise histórica, conceitual e documental. Buscou-se evidenciar como as propostas orientadas pelo ideário democrático e popular foram assimiladas pelos movimentos que lutaram pela educação pública e quais foram as consequências na organização política. O campo educacional, enquanto parte da totalidade, expressou de forma particular a consciência prática da classe trabalhadora.
Limites e possibilidades da luta de classes na escola capitalista
Authors: Galvão do Amaral Pinto Barciela Francisco
Published: April 2022

Analisar a história da educação no Brasil possibilita compreender a sua relação com o desenvolvimento econômico e leva ao debate acerca da função social da escola. Onde a escola se localiza na luta de classes e qual seria o seu papel? A partir do método materialista histórico-dialético, este escrito busca pensar os limites e as possibilidades da escola capitalista na perspectiva das lutas da classe trabalhadora. Ao identificar o caráter reprodutor da escola capitalista é possível elaborar as ações que podem ser tomadas para construir uma escola para além de idealismos e imobilismos, uma escola socialista.
A "Cidade Educativa" e as novas lógicas espaciais escolares
Authors: Rosa Chaves Künzle Maria
Published: April 2022

Nos últimos séculos a escola foi reconhecida como um espaço disciplinador com limites bem delineados. Servia para a reprodução do conhecimento pela perspectiva burguesa. Até a arquitetura era concebida como forma de vigiar e controlar a formação do indivíduo. O conceito de cidade educativa busca extrapolar esses limites, usando espaços alternativos. Há aspectos altamente positivos, como a interação da escola do século XXI com a comunidade. Mas há o risco de esvaziar a função da escola e repassar verbas públicas para instituições privadas. Com o avanço tecnológico, o capital não necessita mais delimitar o espaço para estabelecer seu controle.
A avaliação de desempenho como critério de progressão salarial
Authors: Cristina de Abreu Diana
Published: April 2022

Diferentes modelos de avaliação de desempenho dos profissionais do magistério são abordados neste artigo. A análise é feita a partir das Novas Diretrizes para a Carreira do Magistério Público, do Conselho Nacional de Educação. A autora examina a dificuldade em se usar critérios objetivos e subjetivos para medir o desempenho do trabalho docente e as contradições que eles geram, se não forem consideradas as complexidades da escola e do aluno
The visual-ocular and vestibulo-ocular reflexes
in vestibular migraine
Authors: Janiak-Kiszka Joanna , Nowaczewska Magdalena , Wierzbiński Rafał , Kaźmierczak Wojciech , Kaźmierczak Henryk
Published: April 2022

Vestibular migraine is a disease from the border of neurology and otoneurology. The diagnosis depends on patient history. There are no valuable laboratory or imaging tests, therefore the examination of visual-ocular and vestibulo-ocular reflexes is very useful in this group of patients. The material was collected from patients diagnosed due to dizziness at the Department of Otolaryngology and Oncology with the Subdepartment of Audiology and Phoniatrics, CM UMK in Bydgoszcz in 2019–2021. We considered patients with vestibular migraine and analyzed videonystagmographic tests in this study. The most common VNG abnormalities in patients suffering from vestibular migraine were an increased labyrinthine response, increased time constant of the rotational response and abnormal optokinetic response. There was not a single case of canal paresis in the group of patients with vestibular migraine.
New treatment options for acute rhinosinusitis according to EPOS 2020
Authors: Rapiejko Piotr , Talik Przemysław , Jurkiewicz Dariusz
Published: April 2022

Acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) is a very common condition and mostly of viral origin. About 0.5–2% of the viral ARS are complicated by a bacterial infection. Due to viral etiology and inflammatory mechanisms of rhinitis and rhinosinusitis, symptomatic treatment including phytotherapy have been used for their treatment for decades. Scientific societies and expert groups recommend the use of herbal medicines in acute viral and acute post-viral rhinosinusitis. In 2021, Polish patients gained access to a new therapeutic option for acute sinusitis in the form of a drug containing a distillate of a mixture of rectified essential oils of eucalyptus, sweet orange, myrtle and lemon common.
The Terrorist Next Door
Authors: Majumdar Nivedita
Published: April 2022

N/A
Gendered Rage
Authors: Lau Lisa , Mendes Ana Cristina
Published: April 2022

This article brings the concept of anger, particularly gendered anger, to bear on a postcolonial and intersectional reading of the apparent ragelessness of working-class Indian women who act as surrogates in the international commercialgestational surrogacy (ICGS) industry in India. We explore how rage—the robust expression of the primary emotion of anger—can be silenced, how anger can be disallowed out of existence. Despite being given little information and say over the surrogacy process from start to end, taking high risks with their immediate and long-term mental and physical health (as well as risking social stigmatization and the welfare of their own families), and the lack of rights they are permitted during pregnancy over their own bodies and lives, Indian surrogates are not usually seen as either articulating or experiencing anger, resentment, or outrage over the situation. They seem to be singularly “rageless” at their victimization. This article frames the silencing and suppressing of rage within a postcolonial context where Indian surrogates are the thrice-colonized, and concludes that anger I) can be cowed, if not correctly cultivated, II) is not available to all, even when justified, III) requires a narrative and hermeneutic framework for expression, IV) requires (role) modelling and cultural and linguistic inclusion and fluency before it can be even experienced in some cases, let alone resorted to, and V) anger as a weapon can be blunted by hierarchies and vertical structures of power.
Insect Conservation and Management: A Need of the Hour
Authors: Riyaz Muzafar , Ahmad Shah Rauf , Maria Packiam Soosaimanickam
Published: April 2022

Insects play a very vital role in divergent ecosystems and have gained great economic and medical importance as pollinators, pests, predators, parasitoids, decomposers and vectors. With the large-scale practice of synthetic pesticides, the diminishing rate of beneficial and pollinator insects is increasing rapidly. Environmental pollution, climate change, global warming, urbanization, industrialization and some natural calamities like wildfires add more fuel to the acceleration of insect decline all over the world. Alternative steps should be employed to replace the toxic pesticides and implementation of integrated pest management (IPM) should be put forward to reduce the overuse of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, which have a great impact on beneficial insects as well as birds, aquatic organisms, and also on human health. The present study aims to create awareness among the researchers and general public by providing a brief review of insect importance, decline and conservation strategies.
Soft-Tissue Tumors of the Head and Neck Region
Authors: Baki Ahmet
Published: April 2022

Fibroblastic and myofibroblastic neoplasms in the head and neck region are a rare group of tumors ranging from benign lesions to malignant lesions. Due to the difficult anatomy of the head and neck region, even neoplasms without metastatic potential can pose significant therapeutic challenges in this region. In this section, the most common soft-tissue neoplasms in the head and neck region will be discussed.
Exploring the Effects of Learning Capability and Innovation on Quality Management-Organizational Performance Relationship
Authors: Modarres Mohsen
Published: April 2022

Management scholars should further study the scientific area concerning the contingent effects of learning capability and organizational innovations on the relationship between quality management organizational performance. This chapter examines the interactive effects of quality management with organizational learning capability and innovations on organizational performance. Indeed, it may be argued that within quality management theory and methodology, the need to consider the contingency approach may result in an in-depth understanding of how the intersection of constituent elements associated with quality management influences organizational performance. Results revealed that the interaction of quality management and learning capability explained higher variance in organizational performance than the direct effect of quality management on performance. Similarly, interactions between quality management and innovations explained more significant variance in organizational performance than the direct effect of quality management on performance. Outcomes showed that quality management might not directly impact organizational performance. Findings underscore the importance of interactive effects of innovation and organizational learning capability with quality management in explaining the relationship between quality management and organizational performance.
Edible Mushrooms, a Sustainable Source of Nutrition, Biochemically Active Compounds and Its Effect on Human Health
Authors: Riaz Sakhawat , Ahmad Arslan , Farooq Rimsha , Ahmed Munir , Shaheryar Muhammad , Hussain Muneer
Published: April 2022

Mushrooms are abundant in proteins, polysaccharides, micronutrients, unsaturated fatty acids, and natural compounds. Mushrooms have recently gained popularity as a source of biologically active substances with medical potentials, such as anticancer, antiviral, immune-boosting, hypocholesterolemic, and hepatoprotective agents. Some common edible and helpful mushrooms include Lentinus (shiitake), Flammulina (enokitake), Tremella (yiner), Hericium, Pleurotus (oyster), Grifola (maitake) and Auricularia (mu-er). Details on the nutritional content of mushrooms, functional components, and their influence on human health will be explored in this chapter. Mushrooms are used to cure a wide range of ailments. Mushrooms provide a lot of nutrients and are low in calories. They are also fat-free, low in sodium, cholesterol-free, and high in fiber, protein, and antioxidants. They lower the chance of acquiring significant health problems, including Alzheimer, heart disease, and diabetes. It also has antifungal activity. They are also high in selenium and other biochemically active compounds, which have the ability to lower the incidence of chronic illness.
Support Strength Criteria and Intelligent Design of Underground Powerhouses
Authors: Zhang Jianhai , Yao Tianzhi , Qian Li , Mo Zuguo , Gao Yunpeng , Xue Fujun , Liao Chenggang , Zhou Zhong
Published: April 2022

The proper design of underground powerhouse support is the key engineering technique to guarantee the safe construction and operation of underground works. By regression analysis of the surrounding rock support parameters of 29 underground powerhouses with a span of 18.0–34.0 m, the empirical formula of the relationship between the support strength of anchor bar, strength-stress ratio, and plant span and the relationship among the support strength of the anchor cable, strength-stress ratio, and plant span are proposed. Furthermore, an intelligent design model for the anchor support of the underground powerhouse was trained by a BP (back propagation) neural network. Research shows that the support strength index of the anchor bolt and the anchor cable of these 29 plants are all distributed around 1.0. Therefore, a support strength index of 0.8–1.2 can be used as a reference for practical engineering support design. Finally, the reliability of the intelligent design model for the anchor support of the underground powerhouse was verified by comparison with actual engineering and support strength index. This shows that the intelligent design model can provide a reference for engineering design and construction.
An Appropriate Quit Smoking Program for Thai People during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ratanasiri Thawalsak , Aramrat Chanchanok , Apiwantanagul Somnuk , Jindawong Bangonsri , Sirisuk Thanawan , Ratanasiri Amornrat
Published: April 2022

To find an appropriate quit smoking program on the spread of Covid-19 in Thailand during 2019–2021. To synthesize contents from Khon Kaen University (KKU) staffs’ and students’ research studies and projects from 1989 to 2021 about smoking problems and quit smoking programs and suggest appropriate quit smoking programs for Thai people during the Covid-19 pandemic. Fifteen publications and five projects presentation by the KKU staff and students were retrieved, reviewed, and analyzed. Smoking problems in Thai people were concerned. The Ministry of public health has disseminated knowledge of the dangers of smoking and has organization carried out all projects and campaigns of anti-smoking and had an anti-smoking act in the workplace on the Covid-19 pandemic during 2019–2021. Projects and research studies were able to help reduce these smoking problems. An appropriate quit smoking program needs to be developed and implemented. An appropriate quit smoking program needs to be implemented suitable for Thai people, in the hospitals, private clinics, families, and in the communities during the Covid-19 outbreak in Thailand.
Principal Component Analysis in Financial Data Science
Authors: Janićijević Stefana , Mizdraković Vule , Kljajić Maja
Published: April 2022

Numerous methods exist aimed at examining patterns in structured and unstructured financial data. Applications of these methods include fraud detection, risk management, credit allocation, assessment of the risk of default, customer analytics, trading prediction, and many others, creating a broad field of research named Financial data science. A problem within the field that remains significantly under-researched, yet very important, is that of differentiating between the three major types of business activities—merchandising, manufacturing, and service based on the structured data available in financial reports. It can be argued that, due to the inherent idiosyncrasies of the three types of business activities, methods for assessment of the risk of default, methods for credit allocation, and methods for fraud detection would all see an improved performance if reliable information on the percentage of entities’ business activities allocated to the three major activities would be available. To this end, in this paper, we propose a clustering procedure that relies on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for dimensionality reduction and feature selection. The procedure is presented using a large empirical data set comprising complete financial reports for various business entities operating in the Republic in Serbia, that pertain to the reporting period 2019.
Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp: A Strategic Crop for Nutritional Security, Well Being and Environmental Protection
Authors: Duraipandian M. , Poorani K.E. , Abirami H. , Anusha M.B.
Published: April 2022

Cowpea is the common legume crop plant widely cultivated in all over the world for human consumption and animal feed. The global biological name of cowpea is Vigna unguiculta (L.) Walp. The crop is cultivated globally in all warm-seasons, semiarid or specifically tropical regions by even poor farmers but originated from anciently to Africa. Cowpea able to grow in even variety of polluted soils and able to grow vigorously withstand in both biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Morphologically herbaceous dicotyledonous plant, grow annually. The entire plant parts of Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp such as dry seeds, leaves, roots and pods consumed by all humans and animals Cowpea has rich in nutrition, vitamins and minerals so preferred by many farmers cultivated as intercrop with other cereals. In this review able to discuss the nutritional, medicinal as well as ecological significance. The seeds of cowpea have high content of proteins, fiber foods like carbohydrates, low cholesterol, minerals and vitamins. The nutrient value is higher and delay hungry sense in cowpea when compare to other cereals or pulses. The cowpea used for various medical aspects to lower cholesterol, promote body growth, iron source to increase blood cells, improve gall bladder function, maintain good circulatory system, increase insulin production, decrease body weight and do excellent antioxidant mechanism. The black eye pea also maintains good health to reduce both communicable and non-communicable diseases. Cowpea to form symbioses with variety of beneficial soil microorganisms to increase soil fertility, soil-root aeration, improve humidity and do fix atmospheric nitrogen to reduce global warming, climate change and also increase activity of biogeochemical cycle in the environment. In future people focus on to cultivate cowpea with to increase global production in all countries.
The Karst Protection Foundations Design
Authors: Gotman Natalia
Published: April 2022

In this chapter, two karst protection methods are analyzed: the structural karst protection method, when designed structures of the underground part prevent the development of the bearing structures strains while karst deformations occur; the geotechnical karst protection method, when the design of a foundation includes a protection geotechnical screen in the base, which excludes or essentially decreases the negative influence of karst development on the bearing structures of the building. The results of numerical calculations are analyzed for different types of foundations. The advantages of the model of the variable coefficient of subgrade reaction are discussed. It is proposed to determine the coefficients of subgrade reaction (stiffness of the piles) around the karst cavity by decreasing these coefficients in relation to the same coefficients, calculated using standard methods (i.e., without karst deformations). Analytical solutions for different types of foundations are presented. Analytical solutions for designing bridge support pile foundations in karst areas are proposed. The correct design model and criteria for stability evaluation of the arch over the cavity are selected and the method for estimating the thickness of an effective karst protection geotechnical screen is proposed.
Pericytes of the Brain in Demyelinating Conditions
Authors: J. Baloyannis Stavros
Published: April 2022

The pericytes play a very important role in the central nervous system (CNS), concerning the formation of the functional neurovascular unit, serving as a substantial component in the development and maintenance of the stability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Besides, as pluripotent cells of neuroectodermal origin, the pericytes participate in autoimmune reactions and modulations, controlling the penetration of immune cells via BBB and playing an active role in lymphocytic trafficking and functional regulation, via cytokine secretion and activation. In demyelinating conditions, they participate in the restoration of the myelin sheath by modulating oligodendrocytes and stimulating the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitors. In the experimental model of allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), electron microscopy reveals the proliferation and the morphological alterations of the pericytes as well as their interactions with endothelial cells and astrocytes, thus underlining the crucial role that pericytes play in the integrity of the BBB and the immune reactions of the CNS.
Drugs and Drug Candidates for the Treatment of Lymphoma
Authors: Acikalin Coskun Kubra , Tutar Merve , Cansu Abay Elif , Yurekli Nazlican , Al Mervenur , Tutar Yusuf
Published: April 2022

Cancer is the biggest health problem worldwide due to its high mortality rate. Lymphoma is defined as a group of malignant diseases that is caused by clonal proliferation of lymphocytes and is classified under two major groups: Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Genetic predisposition and some environmental factors constitute risk factors. Symptoms of the disease include unexplained fever, swelling of lymph glands, swollen abdomen, tiredness, loss of appetite, frequent infections, and weight loss. Positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) scans, along with MRI, are widely used for the diagnosis of lymphoma. Advanced blood and lymph node biopsy tests are used to evaluate treatment effect on blood cells and to confirm the diagnosis of lymphoma, respectively. Current treatment options include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and bone marrow/stem cell transplantation. Development of new treatment options for cancer medications includes small molecules and monoclonal antibodies for immunotherapy. In addition, the discovery of new phytochemical agents used in complementary and alternative medicine adds perspective to the treatment of lymphoma.
Sources of Human Overexposure to Fluoride, Its Toxicities, and Their Amelioration Using Natural Antioxidants
Authors: Shanmugam Thangapandiyan , Selvaraj Miltonprabu
Published: April 2022

Fluoride (F) is released into the environment through a combination of natural and anthropogenic processes include the weathering from volcanoes, geothermal activity, and marine aerosols. Chronic fluoride exposure has been linked with amyriad of human diseases such as skeletal and dental fluorosis, diabetes, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, and hyperkeratosis. Since fluoride targets ubiquitous enzyme reactions, it affects nearly all organ systems in animals and humans. Apart from synthetic chemical chelators, studies have been carried out to explore natural antioxidants against F toxicity. Natural products contain substances that inhibit the theoxidation of substrate(s). Antioxidant molecules are thought to play a crucial role in counteracting free-radical-induced damage to macromolecules. In this book chapter literature survey of the different phytoremediation strategy is presented. The results show that natural antioxidants exhibit promising antidote against fluoride-induced toxicity in different mammal systems.
Hot on the Trail of Skin Inflammation: Focus on TRPV1/TRPV3 Channels in Psoriasis
Authors: S. Martin Lisa , Fraillon Emma , P. Chevalier Fabien , Fromy Bérengère
Published: April 2022

Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid (TRPV) channels are expressed in various skin cells, including non-neuronal cell types such as epidermal keratinocytes. They are polymodal sensors of the environment, regulating physiological function in response to a wide variety of stimuli. Indeed, in addition to their significant role in thermal responses and thermoregulation, TRPV channels are also implicated in local skin inflammation processes. Thus, these calcium permeable channels are associated to multiples skin diseases with inflammation, such as atopic dermatitis or psoriasis. In this chapter, we will mainly focus on TRPV1 and TRPV3 channels, as emerging pivotal targets for maintaining skin homeostasis in psoriasis-related inflammation.
Laparoscopic Hiatal Hernia Repair during in-Sleeve Gastrectomy
Authors: Emir Seyfi , Erdem Hasan , Gençtürk Mehmet , Said Dalkılıç Muhammed , Şişik Abdullah , Sözen Selim
Published: April 2022

Obesity is one of the most important health problems in developed and developing countries. Morbid obesity is defined as having a body mass index (BMI) of more than 40 kg/m2. Obesity does not only predispose to gastroesophageal reflux, but is also an important independent risk factor for the development of hiatal hernia (HH). There are articles advocating about half of obese patients have a hiatal hernia. Hiatal hernia not only exacerbates reflux symptoms, but may also lead to incomplete removal of the gastric fundus during laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). When hiatal hernias are seen preoperatively or intraoperatively for bariatric surgery, surgical correction should ideally be made with mesh reinforcement to prevent further clinical progression.
Advancement in Energy Storage by Paraffin
Authors: G. Zaki ElSayed , M. Elsaeed Shimaa , S. Dhmees Abdelghaffar
Published: April 2022

Paraffin uses in energy storage depends on preparation by encapsulation method become more effective nonconventional technique novel storge material. Many measurements as hydrophilicity, energy storage capacity, size distribution and encapsulation ratio can be evaluated. It was also found that a higher coating to paraffin ratio leads to a higher paraffin encapsulation ratio. The hydrophilicity value of microencapsulated paraffin depended mainly on the ratio of paraffin to coating the higher the ratio, the lower was its product hydrophilicity Surface response method used to design and based conditions to optimize it. Using paraffin in energy storage in the future is promising.
The Effect of Monitoring System on Risk Assessment of Aflatoxins in Iran's Pistachio Nuts Exported to the E.U. During 2012 - 2018
Authors: Dini Ali , Esmaeili Nadimi Ali , Behmaram Khosro
Published: April 2022

: Pistachio has high nutritional value and popularity. The susceptibility of pistachio to aflatoxin contamination caused establishing a monitoring system introduced and implemented by the Ministry of Health in Iran to ensure consumers' access to safe and hygienic pistachios. In this research, aflatoxin contamination level in all consignments (7298) exporting to E.U. was examined using HPLC with fluorescence detection after immunoaffinity column clean up from Nov 2012 to Oct 2018. The average recoveries ranged 78.6% - 97.6%, with a relative standard deviation for reproducibility below 8.5% and expanded uncertainty of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) at spiked levels 1, 4, and 8 ng/g were 0.17, 0.57, 0.89 ng/g, respectively. The results showed that aflatoxin B1 and total (AFT) were detected in 1921 (23.4%) and 1927 cases (23.5%), with the mean values ranging from 2.18 - 4.6 ng/g and 2.8 - 5.1 ng/g during six consecutive years, respectively. Implementing an effective monitoring system for pistachio nuts could determine consignments contaminated with aflatoxins. Concerning AFB1, risk assessments recorded for dietary exposure dose, margin of exposure (MOE), Hazard Index (HI), estimated liver cancer risk, and cancer incidence attributable to dietary ranged 0.0132 - 0.1180 ng/kg.bw/day, 1441 - 12843, 0.21 - 1.84, 0.00071 - 0.00633 cases/105 population/year, 0.02 - 0.2%, respectively. Identification and rejection of contaminated cargos lead to an increase in MOE (> 10000), and it also guarantees that pistachio consumption is safe from a toxicology point of view. Due to the monitoring system, the estimation of liver cancer incidence attributable to dietary AFB1 was reduced (≤ 0.02%). It indicates that the consumption of pistachio poses no health risk for Europeans and Iranians.
Chemické experimenty s vybranými přechodnými kovy a jejich sloučeninami ve výuce chemie
Authors: Sirotek Vladimír , Tláskalová Kateřina
Published: April 2022

In this contribution are listed important chemical experiments with selected transition metals and their compounds which can be used during teaching in primary and secondary school. There are stated informations about title, brief principle, aids and chemicals, work procedure and didatic notes for each experiment. The didactic notes indicate the time required, the type od experiment with the posibility of inclusion in the teaching and any difficulties or recommendations for performing the experiment.
Studenti ZČU a jejich zkušenosti s experimentální výukou chemie na střední škole
Authors: Štrofová Jitka , Coufalová Štěpánka
Published: April 2022

The contribution presents the offer of courses with chemical themes at Faculty of Education, University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, which are intended for future teachers and not only for students of teacher training in chemistry. Attention is focused mainly on the course Chemistry by Play and on our experience with non-contact teaching in the academic year 2020/2021. The studentsʼ experience with experimental chemistry teaching forms in the previous study at high school are discussed here. Other possibilities to increase future teachersʼ competences in the field of natural sciences are mentioned in the paper.
K validizácii bipolárnej výrokovej škály pri identifikácii miskoncepcií v oblasti poznatkov o stavbe atómu
Authors: Koperová Dominika , Held L’ubomír
Published: April 2022

Identifying misconceptions is a relatively challenging task, as it is about identifying concepts that are firmly rooted in an individual’s thought-structure. The use of research tools such as three-tier test, didactic test, and interview is challenging not only in terms of methodology, but it is also lengthy and demanding in terms of unambiguous evaluation and interpretation. The aim of the paper is to present the construction of a simple tool – bipolar assertion scale. Its aim is to determine the adequate and appropriate ideas of lower secondary school pupils about the atom, not excluding the importance the science process skills. The presented tool is composed of a set of statements that present acceptable or unacceptable statements about the atom, its structure and properties. We work with construct validity. Based on our preliminary results, we discuss the observed correlations of the bipolar scale with the test score of formal operations (Piaget’s cognitive level) and the summative evaluation of students’ performance at school.
CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) for Pre-service Teachers of Science: Scaffolding in Lesson Planning
Authors: Kubrická Jana
Published: April 2022

In this paper the author introduces the conception of teaching CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) in a specialised English course for student teachers at the Faculty of Science Masaryk University. She deals with the methodological aspects of the approach which are transferrable beyond CLIL and beneficial to future teachers of any subject. Specifically, she discusses scaffolding, i.e., the supporting strategies guiding a pupil through increasingly more challenging tasks. In the last part of the presentation, the author summarises the main points and comments from a survey which imply that students mainly struggle with structuring their lessons and the choice of suitable activities for their teaching.
‘Vinculum pacis’: Ef 4, 3 en la pneumatología de Agustín
Authors: Rombs Ronnie J. , Eguiarte Enrique ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

The article describes the elements of Augustine’s Pneumatology that are discernable from his use of Eph 4:3, stating that it does not deny the transparent Christological context that dominates Augustine’s thinking, showing that much of Augustine’s theology of the Holy Spirit is to be found within the context and subordinate to his Christology.
La belleza y la gracia en Agustín
Authors: Smalbrugge Matthias , Eguiarte Enrique ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

The article examines certain aspects of Augustine’s notion of beauty, and limits to the Latin word pulchritudo and its derivatives. Other words as speciosus, formosus or decorus are not considered.
La correspondencia antipelagiana de África con Roma
Authors: Dalmon Laurence , Eguiarte Enrique ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

The article deals with the letters written between 416 and 418 for the condemnation of Pelagianism, proposing to join them according to epistolographic criteria, underlining the Official Letter’s characteristics, the Rhetoric strategies, and how all these resources determine the shape and the development of the letter exchange.
El autor de los textos pseudobasilianos reproducidos en c. Iul. 1, 16-17, y la polémica antiagustiniana de Juliano de Eclana
Authors: Cipriani Nello , Anoz José ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

The article deals with the problem of the author and the correct translation of the original Greek text quoted in c. Iul. 1. 16-17, and focuses on the influence that the antimanichaean treatise of Serapion of Thmuis had in the polemic of Julian of Eclanum against Augustine.
La preceptiva antigua y la Regla monástica de san Agustín
Authors: Cipriani Nello , Anoz José ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

The article deals with Augustine’s Monastic Rule (Praeceptum) focusing on the Old Literary Preceptive’s Rules, offering a new reading of its Argument and a new approach to its Literary aspects.
Coloquio internacional sobre los sermones de san Agustín, en Roma
Authors: Eguiarte Enrique A. ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

The article is a chronicle of the colloquium about St. Augustine’s Sermones ad Populum on the New Testament, held in the Academia Belgica of Rome on September 15-17, 2011. It makes an overview of all the papers presented at the colloquium, and underlines their contribution to the Augustinian Studies.
El priscilianismo, según Orosio
Authors: Sánchez Sylvain Jean Gabriel , Anoz José ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

The article deals with a fragment of a letter of Priscillian quoted in Paul Orosius’ Commonitorium de errore priscillianistarum et origenistarum, trying to replace the fragment in an orosian context. It also deals with the relationship that the fragment of the letter has with the priscillian sources, such as the so called 'Wurzburg’s Treatises’ and the ideas of E.-Ch. Babut and E. Spät.
Cristo, disciplina Dei en el pensamiento temprano de Agustín sobre educación
Authors: Topping Ryan , Eguiarte Enrique ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

The article deals with the sense that disciplina has in Augustine’s early writings, as a term that refers to a theoretical science or method of study, particularly in the context of Augustine’s theory of the liberal arts.
Importancia de la metonimia en la interpretación agustiniana del relato de la creación
Authors: Fladerer Ludwig , Eguiarte Enrique ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

The objective of this article is to show Augustine's dependence on the traditional tropus-system throughout and the continuity between his exegetical practise and his hermeneutical theory.
Damnatio paruulorum. El pensamiento de Agustín sobre el pecado original en los sermones 174-176 y 293-294
Authors: Eelen Alicia , Dupont Anthony , Eguiarte Enrique ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

In our contribution we will discuss a specific aspect of Augustine’s doctrine of grace in a specific genre of his oeuvre: the thematisation of infant baptism and its consequence -the damnation of unbaptised children to hell— in his preaching ministry, particularly in sermones 174-176 and sermones 293-294. First, we will introduce Augustine’s position by sketching the historical, controversial and theological framework. Subsequently, we will present the said two groups of sermones ad populum. This research will enable us to evaluate the specific treatment -rhetorically, theologically and even pastorally- of this issue in his sermons.