bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance and Exhaust Gas Emission of Biodiesel Fuel with Palm Oil Based Additive in Direct Injection Compression Ignition Engine
Authors: How C. B. , Taib N. M. , A. Mansor M. R.
Published: September 2020

Blending biodiesel in the diesel would increase the tendency of having a high viscosity fuel. For this reason, the addition of a small amount of additives into the blends may improve the engine performance and lead to better fuel consumption. The purpose of this paper is to experimentally investigate the performance and emissions generated by various mixtures of biodiesel and diesel with palm oil based additive in the compression ignition direct injection diesel engine of Yanmar TF90. Experiments were also conducted to identify the ideal biodiesel, diesel and the additive mixture that produces the optimum engine emission and performance. The experiment was conducted by using mixtures that consisted of 10%, 20% and 30% of biodiesel with and without the additives. From the results of the experiments, PB10 with 0.8 ml additives produced the highest braking power and lowest fuel consumption as compared to the diesel and the rest of the biodiesel blends. The presence of biodiesel and additives were found to not only improve the engine performance, but also led to the reduction of carbon emission. Although all the diesel, biodiesel and additive demonstrated low smoke emission with a complete combustion, a slight increase however, was observed in the NOx emission. In conclusion, PB10 is seen as the most ideal blend for diesel engine in terms of providing the most optimum engine emission and performance.
Effect of strain energy on the grain growth behaviour of ultrafine-grained iron-chromium alloy by equal channel angular pressing
Authors: Rifai Muhammad , Miyamoto Hiroyuki
Published: September 2020

The grain growth of an ultrafine-grained iron-chromium alloy has been investigated focusing on the early stage of restoration of strain. Ultrafine-grained (UFG) material has been prepared by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) up to eight passes via route Bc. The post-ECAP annealing process was completed from 473 until 1373 K for one hour. The microstructure and hardness were then analyzed by electron back-scattering diffraction, transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer and microhardness. The hardness after post-ECAP annealing exhibited the typical three-stages softening. Namely, the hardness remained stable after the annealing temperature up to 698 K and then declined significantly until the temperature of 973 K. Finally, hardness remained stable again at a higher temperature. In the second stage, grains grew uniformly, which differ from the typical nucleation-and-growth mode of discontinuous recrystallization. It was found by X-ray line broadening analysis that strain was released in the early stage prior to the significant softening stage. It was suggested that the homogeneous grain growth was led by the uniform grain distribution with a high angle grain boundaries fraction.
Characteristic of thermoplastics corn starch composite reinforced short pineapple leaf fibre by using laminates method
Authors: Zakaria Nazri Huzaimi , Ngali Mohd Zamani , Selamat Mohd Zulkefli , Abdul Munir Fudhail , Aman Mohd Asyraf
Published: September 2020

In recent years, the increased demand of biodegradable polymers has sparked the research interest in the development of alternatives to conventional polymers. As such, starch considerably one of the best substitutes to the non-degradable polymers owing to its advantages. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanical, physical and environmental characterization of bio-composites, which is in this case the thermoplastic corn starch (TPCS) reinforced with a 2 mm length of pineapple leaf fibre (PALF). The selection of different weight percentages in the range of 20 to 60 weight percentage (wt.%) of PALF contents were applied in this work. The mixtures of TPCS with different wt.% of PALF were made by using a hot compression moulding at 165 °C for 15 minutes. Several testing has been performed to determine the bio-composites characteristics. The results show that by incorporating 40 wt.% loading of PALF, the tensile and modulus strength has increased to the maximum. It is also seen that there is an inverse relationship between the moisture content and the wt.% loading of PALF. However, the water and moisture absorption show a direct relationship with wt.% loading of PALF. Meanwhile, the soil burial decreases when the wt.% loadings of PALF increase while the results for water solubility suggest vice versa. It is also found that the TPCS with 40 wt.% of PALF have a good miscibility between matrix/fibre in the bio-composites.
Representation of bolted joints in a structure using finite element modelling and model updating
Authors: Omar R. , Abdul Rani M. N. , Yunus M. A.
Published: September 2020

Efficient and accurate finite element (FE) modelling of bolted joints is essential for increasing confidence in the investigation of structural vibrations. However, modelling of bolted joints for the investigation is often found to be very challenging. This paper proposes an appropriate FE representation of bolted joints for the prediction of the dynamic behaviour of a bolted joint structure. Two different FE models of the bolted joint structure with two different FE element connectors, which are CBEAM and CBUSH, representing the bolted joints are developed. Modal updating is used to correlate the two FE models with the experimental model. The dynamic behaviour of the two FE models is compared with experimental modal analysis to evaluate and determine the most appropriate FE model of the bolted joint structure. The comparison reveals that the CBUSH element connectors based FE model has a greater capability in representing the bolted joints with 86 percent accuracy and greater efficiency in updating the model parameters. The proposed modelling technique will be useful in the modelling of a complex structure with a large number of bolted joints.
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and its association with PD-L1 and CD8 in thyroid cancer
Authors: Aghajani Marra Jai , Yang Tao , Schmitz Ulf , James Alexander , McCafferty Charles Eugenio , de Souza Paul , Niles Navin , Roberts Tara L
Published: September 2020

Programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) has recently been shown to play a role in the regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT); however, the relationship between PD-L1 expression, EMT and the inflammatory tumour microenvironment has yet to be investigated in thyroid cancer. To address this issue, we examined the expression of CD8, PD-L1 and the EMT markers E-cadherin and vimentin in a cohort of 74 papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients and investigated the association of these with clinicopathologic characteristics and disease-free survival (DFS). The relationship between PD-L1 and EMT was further examined in three thyroid cancer cell lines via Western blot and live cell imaging. In order to expand our in vitro findings, the normalised gene expression profiles of 516 thyroid cancer patients were retrieved and analysed from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). PD-L1 positivity was significantly higher in PTC patients exhibiting a mesenchymal phenotype (P = 0.012). Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that PD-L1 (P = 0.045), CD8 (P = 0.038) and EMT status (P = 0.038) were all significant predictors for DFS. Sub-analysis confirmed that the poorest DFS was evident in PD-L1 positive patients with EMT features and negative CD8 expression (P < 0.0001). IFN-γ treatment induced upregulation of PD-L1 and significantly promoted an EMT phenotype in two thyroid cancer cell lines. Our findings suggest that PD-L1 signalling may play a role in stimulating EMT in thyroid cancer. EMT, CD8 and PD-L1 expression may serve as valuable predictive biomarkers in patients with PTC.
Multiple Loci Control Variation in Plasticity to Foliar Shade Throughout Development in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Ta James , Palmer Christine , Brock Marcus , Rubin Matthew , Weinig Cynthia , Maloof Julin , Runcie Daniel
Published: September 2020

The shade avoidance response is a set of developmental changes exhibited by plants to avoid shading by competitors, and is an important model of adaptive plant plasticity. While the mechanisms of sensing shading by other plants are well-known and appear conserved across plants, less is known about the developmental mechanisms that result in the diverse array of morphological and phenological responses to shading. This is particularly true for traits that appear later in plant development. Here we use a nested association mapping (NAM) population of Arabidopsis thaliana to decipher the genetic architecture of the shade avoidance response in late-vegetative and reproductive plants. We focused on four traits: bolting time, rosette size, inflorescence growth rate, and inflorescence size, found plasticity in each trait in response to shade, and detected 17 total QTL; at least one of which is a novel locus not previously identified for shade responses in Arabidopsis. Using path analysis, we dissected each colocalizing QTL into direct effects on each trait and indirect effects transmitted through direct effects on earlier developmental traits. Doing this separately for each of the seven NAM populations in each environment, we discovered considerable heterogeneity among the QTL effects across populations, suggesting allelic series at multiple QTL or interactions between QTL and the genetic background or the environment. Our results provide insight into the development and variation in shade avoidance responses in Arabidopsis, and emphasize the value of directly modeling the relationships among traits when studying the genetics of complex developmental syndromes.
Ectopic Expression of a Maize Gene Is Induced by Composite Insertions Generated Through Alternative Transposition
Authors: Su Weijia , Zuo Tao , Peterson Thomas
Published: September 2020

Transposable elements (TEs) are DNA sequences that can mobilize and proliferate throughout eukaryotic genomes. Previous studies have shown that in plant genomes, TEs can influence gene expression in various ways, such as inserting in introns or exons to alter transcript structure and content, and providing novel promoters and regulatory elements to generate new regulatory patterns. Furthermore, TEs can also regulate gene expression at the epigenetic level by modifying chromatin structure, changing DNA methylation status, and generating small RNAs. In this study, we demonstrated that Ac/fractured Ac (fAc) TEs are able to induce ectopic gene expression by duplicating and shuffling enhancer elements. Ac/fAc elements belong to the hAT family of class II TEs. They can undergo standard transposition events, which involve the two termini of a single transposon, or alternative transposition events that involve the termini of two different nearby elements. Our previous studies have shown that alternative transposition can generate various genome rearrangements such as deletions, duplications, inversions, translocations, and composite insertions (CIs). We identified >50 independent cases of CIs generated by Ac/fAc alternative transposition and analyzed 10 of them in detail. We show that these CIs induced ectopic expression of the maize pericarp color 2 (p2) gene, which encodes a Myb-related protein. All the CIs analyzed contain sequences including a transcriptional enhancer derived from the nearby p1 gene, suggesting that the CI-induced activation of p2 is affected by mobilization of the p1 enhancer. This is further supported by analysis of a mutant in which the CI is excised and p2 expression is lost. These results show that alternative transposition events are not only able to induce genome rearrangements, but also generate CIs that can control gene expression.
Evaluation of suitability of wheat bran as a natural filler in polymer processing
Authors: Majewski Łukasz , Gaspar Cunha Antonio
Published: September 2020

The promotion of sustainable economic development and issues related to ecological and environmental protection has led to a common interest in the use of raw materials from renewable sources. Recently, there have been many scientific works on the use of different natural wastes as components in the production of new composite materials and polymers. An example of natural waste that is not managed efficiently is grain husk, which is a by-product of the production of flour and other products. This work studied the use of wheat grain husk for plastic processing. A short review is presented of studies concerning the use of natural waste and materials as fillers for natural and synthetic polymers, as well as their potential applications. The authors conducted original research on the influence of the mass fraction and particle size of wheat bran on the selected properties of low-density polyethylene, which can be useful in the evaluation of the suitability of this raw material for particular technical applications.
Computing and classifying reduplication with 2-way finite-state transducers
Authors: Dolatian Hossep , Heinz Jeffrey
Published: September 2020

This article describes a novel approach to the computational modeling of reduplication. Reduplication is often treated as a stumbling block within finite-state treatments of morphology because they cannot adequately capture the productivity of unbounded copying (total reduplication) and because they cannot describe bounded copying (partial reduplication) without a large increase in the number of states. We provide a comprehensive typology of reduplicative processes and show that an understudied type of finite-state machine, 2-way deterministic finite-state transducers (2-way D-FSTs), captures virtually all of them. Furthermore, the 2-way D-FSTs have few states, are in practice easy to design and debug, and are linguistically motivated in terms of the transducer’s origin semantics or segment alignment. Most of these processes, and their corresponding 2-way D-FSTs, are available in an online database of reduplication (RedTyp). We classify these 2- way D-FSTs according to the concatenation of known subclasses of regular relations and show that the majority fall into the Concatenated Output Strictly Local (C-OSL) class. Other cases require higher subclasses but are still definable by 2-way D-FSTs.
KEPEMIMPINAN BADAN KOORDINASI KEGIATAN KESEJAHTERAAN SOSIAL VERSUS KONSEP WEWENANG MAX WEBER
Authors: SUGIYANTO SUGIYANTO , GIAWA ANALIUS , MUSOLI MUSOLI
Published: September 2020

Abstrak. The coordinating body of social welfare activities (BK3S), a non-governmental organization that has the task and responsibility of coordinating the implementation of social welfare efforts organized by social welfare institutions (LKS) for the community, especially gives services to people with social welfare problems. BK3S DIY social actions as government partners cq the social office has the authority to regulate, provide recommendations for licensing, advocate for organizations and strengthen the existence of LKS. The practice of organizing, coordinating, advocating and strengthening organizational governance is analyzed through Max Weber's authority theory. The results of the analysis of social actions in the practice of regulating, coordinating, advocating and engaging in strengthening institutions with Max Weber's theory of authority obtained organizational identity so that it looks strangely different from BK3S or other social organizations. Abstrak. Badan Koordinasi Kegiatan Kesejahteraan Sosial (BK3S) adalah lembaga non pemerintah. Tugas dan tanggungjawabnya adalah melakukan koordinasi penyelenggaraan berbagai usaha kesejahteraan sosial oleh Lembaga Kesejahteraan Sosial (LKS) untuk masyarakat terutama memberi pelayanan kepada penyandang masalah kesejahteraan sosial. Tindakan sosial BK3S DIY sebagai mitra pemerintah cq dinas sosial mempunyai kewenangan mengatur, memberi rekomendasi perizinan, mengadvokasi organisasi dan memperkuat keberadaan LKS. Praktik mengatur, mengoordinasikan, mengadvokasi dan memperkuat tata kelola organisasi ini dianalisis melalui teori kewenangan Max Weber. Hasil analisis tindakan sosial dalam praktik pengaturan, koordinasi, advokasi dan keterlibatan memperkuat kelembagaan dengan teori kewenangan Max Weber diperoleh identitas organisasi sehingga tampak kekhasan dan pembeda dengan BK3S atau organisasi sosial lainnya.
Indonesian Islamic Banking Performance: a Conceptual Framework
Authors: Pertiwi Ruspita Rani , Tjakraatmadja Jann Hidayat , Febriansyah Hary
Published: September 2020

This conceptual paper aims to develop an integrated organizational performance model. The analysis will focus on the role of organizational management variables using Indonesian Islamic banking as a case study and features a correlation between how they manage their performance. The model developed in this paper uses a conceptualization phase adapted from Dubin's theory-building method. The conceptualization phase formed through interviews, observations, written expert experiences, and research publications. The finding proposes a conceptual framework that has the potential to boost organization performance by pay attention to how to bring together service innovation, knowledge management capability, and human capital drivers in such a model. The findings provide valuable insights for organizations into non-financial variables' role and the importance of organizational management variables in improving organizational performance, which could help them in (re-) align their management practices and formulating strategies for Indonesian Islamic banking.JEL Classification: L2, L8How to Cite:Pertiwi, R. R. (2020). Indonesian Islamic Banking Performance: A Conceptual Framework. Etikonomi: Jurnal Ekonomi, 19(2), xx – xx. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v19i2.16270.
Prácticas de lectura de novelas literarias en estudiantes de la Universidad de Costa Rica
Authors: Fallas Rodríguez María Fernanda , Muñoz González Rodrigo , Ulloa Garita Sergio , Vargas Vega Luis Fernando
Published: September 2020

Las prácticas de lectura de jóvenes es un tema que no ha sido abordado desde una perspectiva académi- ca en el ámbito costarricense. Este artículo es una aproximación descriptiva de las prácticas de lectura de novelas literarias de los estudiantes de grado de la sede Rodrigo Facio Brenes de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Al estar inmersos en un ámbito académico, se eligió a esta población como sujetos de estudio. Por eso, se le aplicó encuestas a 121 estudiantes de diferentes facultades para indagar en sus prácticas de lecturas de novelas literarias, además se procuró detallar el formato y frecuencia de los y las estudiantes universitarios; así cómo identificar las novelas, géneros literarios y temáticas más populares. También, se precisó indagar el modo de adquisición de novelas literarias y la cantidad de tiempo de lectura dedicado a la lectura de estas.
Post-postmodernismo
Authors: Alfaro Vargas Roy
Published: September 2020

Este artículo es una crítica al concepto de post-postmodernismo. En él se analiza las características fundamentales del post-postmodernismo con respecto al postmodernismo, en cuanto este último es el origen del primero. Asimismo, se establece la relación entre neoliberalismo, globalización y post-postmodernismo, como un medio para acceder al contexto económico y político que justifica la emergencia de la lógica cultural post-postmoderna. De igual manera, se critica fuertemente el rol del post-postmodernismo como un instrumento para reconceptualizar las humanidades (y las ciencias sociales), en el marco de la necesidad de intensificar el consumismo y de convertir a las humanidades en una simple aproximación ideológica, que legitima el capitalismo financiero y el neoconservadurismo estadounidense.
LA INTERDISCIPLINARIEDAD EN LAS CIENCIAS SOCIALES
Authors: Rivera Alfaro Ronald
Published: September 2020

La crisis paradigmática en la que se desenvuelven actualmente las Ciencias Sociales es producto de unaincomprensión de la condición humana como complejidad del cuerpo vivencial, donde los principios -opostulados- teóricos y metodológicos se redujeron a principios simples de medición causal de los fenómenos de la realidad, en este sentido, la interdisciplinariedad vendría a ser condición de posibilidadpara construir nuevas interacciones e interdefiniciones en la investigación social.
LOS SIMPSON Y LA REPRESENTACIÓN DE LA POLÍTICA THE SIMPSONS AND ITS POLITICAL PORTRAYAL
Authors: Rodríguez Arrieta José Daniel
Published: September 2020

Este artículo propone una reflexión sobre la interpretación del concepto de política así como de diversoselementos políticos en la seria animada Los Simpson. Esto con base en un análisis pragmático deldiscurso al tiempo que propone que esta serie, una producción con características particulares, basadaen la sátira y el humor, es poseedora una gran relevancia. Esto se enmarca necesariamente en la conjugación de esa trascendencia de la serie en función del medio de comunicación que la transmite, esdecir, la televisión.
DEFENDEMOS A ALEMANIA CON EL MISMO DERECHO QUE LA INFORMACIÓN LO HACE CON LOS ALIADOS: GERMANOFILIA DURANTE LA GRAN GUERRA (1914-1918)
Authors: Quesada Rivera Eugenio
Published: September 2020

Este artículo trata de aproximarse al desarrollo de la prensa germanófila costarricense durante la GranGuerra. El objetivo general es analizar los periódicos costarricenses que mostraron simpatía por lacausa alemana entre 1914 y 1918. Se estudian las características de estos impresos, la propaganda quepublican, así como también la relación que tuvieron con los periódicos aliadófilos.
LA TEORÍA DEL CAMBIO EN EL PAISAJE A PARTIR DEL CAMBIO DEL USO DE LA TIERRA Y LA COBERTURA DEL SUELO (ENFOQUE LUCC). SU UTILIDAD PARA LA HISTORIA AMBIENTAL
Authors: Montero Mora Andrea , Viales Hurtado Ronny
Published: September 2020

La teoría del cambio del paisaje desde el enfoque “Land-Use and Land- Cover-Change” (LUCC) explica la relación que existe entre las actividades humanas y la evolución del paisaje, a partir de dos procesos: la agriculturización y la urbanización. Propone estudiar dos dinámicas que se generan a partir de la  interacción entre los procesos humanos y biofísicos; a saber: el cambio en el uso de la tierra y el cambio en la cobertura del suelo y su relación con el cambio ambiental global. La cobertura del suelo se define como el estado biofísico de la superficie de la tierra o las características del terreno; y el uso de la tierra, como la manera en que la sociedad utiliza el suelo para desarrollar actividades económicas. El cambio en la cobertura del suelo se define como la transformación de la apariencia física de un paisaje determinado y el cambio en el uso de la tierra, como los cambios en el manejo de la tierra y sus atributos. El presente artículo tiene como propósito introducir los elementos básicos del enfoque para reconocer sus alcances y limitaciones desde la perspectiva de la historia ambiental.
Molecular profiling and antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolated in Bulgaria
Authors: Koev K. , Stoyanchev T. , Zhelev G. , Marutsov P. , Gospodinova K. , Urumova V.
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study was to detect the presence of shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in faeces of healthy dairy cattle and to determine the sensitivity of isolates to several anti­microbial drugs. A total of 1,104 anal swab samples originating from 28 cattle farms were examined. After the primary identification, 30 strains were found to belong to serogroup О157. By means of conventional multiplex PCR, isolates were screened for presence of resistance genes stx1, stx2 and eaeА. Twenty-nine strains possesses amplicons with a size corresponding to genes stx2 and eaeA, one had amplicons also for the stx1 gene and one lacked amplicons of all three genes. Twenty-eight strains demonstrated amplicons equivalent to gene H7. The results from phenotype analysis of resistance showed preserved sensitivity to ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, cephalothin, streptomycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, enrofloxacin and combinations sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Sensitivity to ampicillin was relatively preserved, although at a lower extent.
Major phosphorus in soils is unavailable, yet critical for plant development
Authors: IKHAJIAGBE Beckley , ANOLIEFO Geoffrey O. , OLISE Ogochukwu F. , RACKELMANN Fabian , SOMMER Milena , ADEKUNLE Isaac J.
Published: September 2020

Phosphorus (p) is a chemical component that has a concentration in the world’s land mass of around one gram for each kilogram. 85% to 95% of cellular phosphorus is available in the vacuole, 31p-nmr examinations uncovers the inadequacy of inorganic phosphorus (pi) efflux from the vacuole to make-up for a fast reduction of the cytosolic pi focus during phosphorus starvation. Activities of phosphorus use involve biogeochemical mechanisms of phosphorus in soil, the phosphorus cycle, chelation of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and aluminium (Al) and their subsequent removal from forming insoluble phosphorus compounds, transformation of phosphorus in the soil, and fixation of phosphorus in the soil. Phosphorus utilisation occur through solubilization by microbes which could be bacteria, fungi or bio-fertilizers that produce phytohormone, siderophores and antibiotics. However, factors affecting phosphorus solubilization are pH and temperature which are key predominant players for phosphorus adsorption dynamics from the soil and rhizosphere by plants, soil phosphorus transformation, spatial availability and acquisition of soil phosphorus, root architecture, bioavailability and acquisition of soil phosphorus, phosphorus cycling and bioavailability in soil-plant systems, its chemistry as well as its final uptake and utilization by plants. Overall, the phosphorus nutrition of plants is majorly monitored by phosphorus dynamics in the soil/rhizosphere-plant continuum. Given the usefulness of phosphorus to plants and its importance as a strategic resource, a better understanding of phosphorus dynamics in the soil/rhizosphere-plant continuum is necessary to lead the establishment of integrated phosphorus-management strategies involving manipulation of soil and rhizosphere activities, development of phosphorus-efficient crops, and improving phosphorus-recycling efficiency in the future.
Planning High-Level Paths in Hostile, Dynamic, and Uncertain Environments
Authors: Banfi Jacopo , Shree Vikram , Campbell Mark
Published: September 2020

This paper introduces and studies a graph-based variant of the path planning problem arising in hostile environments. We consider a setting where an agent (e.g. a robot) must reach a given destination while avoiding being intercepted by probabilistic entities which exist in the graph with a given probability and move according to a probabilistic motion pattern known a priori. Given a goal vertex and a deadline to reach it, the agent must compute the path to the goal that maximizes its chances of survival. We study the computational complexity of the problem, and present two algorithms for computing high quality solutions in the general case: an exact algorithm based on Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming, working well in instances of moderate size, and a pseudo-polynomial time heuristic algorithm allowing to solve large scale problems in reasonable time. We also consider the two limit cases where the agent can survive with probability 0 or 1, and provide specialized algorithms to detect these kinds of situations more efficiently.
Large-strain analysis of undrained smooth tube sampling
Authors: Monforte Lluís , Arroyo Marcos , Carbonell Josep Maria , Gens Antonio
Published: September 2020

Borehole tube sampling is a key process of geotechnical engineering. The paper presents numerical analyses of smooth tube sampling in clay using the particle finite-element method. The soil is described by a conventional elasto-plastic constitutive model (Tresca plasticity and a quasi-incompressible elastic law). The sampler is advanced by several diameters into the soil until a steady state is observed. The elasto-plastic numerical solution for a round-tipped sampler clearly identifies a localised shear failure mechanism at the entrance of the tube. Relevant strain path method (SPM) solutions are numerically evaluated to facilitate full field comparison. For a given thickness ratio elasto-plastic simulation predicts far less compression but much larger extensions at the centreline than SPM. The results also show how including a bevelled sampler tip or a stationary piston changes the failure mechanism and significantly reduces induced peak extension strains. The results agree with available experimental data and well-established empirical observations. The methodology presented may open the way to a soil mechanics-based rational approach to soil sampling simulation.
A pest that could be posing a threat to mulberry production of Turkey: Glyphodes pyloalis (Walker, 1859) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Authors: Çetin Gürsel , Hephızlı Pinar , Özdemir Mustafa , Boz Yilmaz
Published: September 2020

Mulberry, Morus spp. (Moraceae) is naturally cultivated in Turkey, and no chemical input used during the production process. Hitherto, major and common species of insect and acari caused the economic yield and quality losses in the mulberry production have not been recorded. On the other hand, lesser mulberry snout moth, Glyphodes pyloalis (Walker, 1859) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), considered being one of the most important pests of mulberry around the world was detected in the province of Yalova in the last week of August in 2018 for the first time. Larvae of this pest caused serious damage to leaves of white mulberry (Morus alba L., 1753), black mulberry (Morus nigra L., 1753), and weeping white mulberry (Morus alba cv. ‘Pendula’) (Urticales: Moraceae) whereas it has newly just occurred. This study was conducted to determine the distribution areas of the pest, mulberry species damaged, and characteristics related to some biological stages of G. pyloalis in Marmara Region (Bursa, Yalova, Kocaeli and Sakarya provinces) between 2018 and 2019.
Роль гиперлокальных медиа в коммуникации между властью и обществом в российских регионах
Authors: Довбыш Ольга Сергеевна
Published: September 2020

Гиперлокальные медиа в России, представленные главным образом городскими публичными группами на платформах социальных медиа, в последнее время становятся важным элементом локальной медиа сферы в российских регионах. Наряду с информированием жителей о событиях города, такие группы выступают площадками для общественных обсуждений, поддерживают местные сообщества и различные гражданские инициативы. Активное присутствие представителей власти на этих площадках делают группы важным пространством и каналом коммуникации между местной властью и обществом. На примере городских публичных групп в статье анализируется в какой степени низовые, непрофессиональные медиа инициативы могут обеспечивать коммуникацию между властью и гражданами в российских регионах и как такое вовлечение жителей в обсуждение городских вопросов влияет на локальное управление. Материалы интервью с владельцами и модераторами пуб­личных групп семи российских городов, а также данные цифровых наблюдений показывают основные практики коммуникаций между жителями и представителями власти в пространстве социальных медиа, возможности таких групп мобилизовать общественные обсуждения. Гиперлокальные медиа обладают значительным потенциалом, чтобы выполнять роль канала коммуникации между гражданами и органами власти в регионах. В отличие от профессиональных масс медиа они обладают большей свободой в выборе тем и вопросов для обсуждения и в предоставлении возможности высказываться жителям города. Размер аудитории и популярность в городе делает эти медиа влиятельным каналом коммуникации в локальном пространстве. Факторы, влияющие на дальнейшее развитие таких групп, включают риск кооптации групп властью и приз­наки «псевдоучастия», когда возможности влиять на изменения и принятия решений ограничиваются темами и сферами, которые одобряет и поддерживает местная власть. Также сохраняется значительный разрыв между вовлечением граждан в «информационное участие» и их реальным участием в местном управлении. Наконец, на развитие городских групп в качестве канала коммуникации влияет их неустойчивость, желание собственника коммерциализировать проект, что приводит к преобладанию развлекательного и нейтрального, непроблемного контента.
Социальный цирк в постсоциалистической России: кейс-стади новой солидарности
Authors: Ярошенко Светлана , Шорн Астрид
Published: September 2020

В статье на основании результатов изучения российской общественной организации, созданной в начале 2000-х гг., ориентированной на развитие потенциала детей и подростков из групп социального риска (с уличным опытом, из бедных семей), анализируется, каким образом происходит их включение в общество, как с помощью цирковых методов и социально ориентированного активизма удается решать проблемы исключения и воспроизводства бедности. Рассматриваются смыслы, приписываемые социальному цирку участниками, сотрудниками и сторонниками; раскрываются стратегии включения групп разных социальных классов в цирк и как эти стратегии поддерживаются в процессе взаимодействия с внешними сторонами (гражданскими активистами, местным сообществом, чиновниками и спонсорами). Таким образом реконструируется концепция включения, представленная как процесс разворачивания потенциала, когда с реализацией внешних возможностей происходит накопление внутренних ресурсов, а также усиливается способность действовать и производить позитивный эффект. Авторы показывают, что включение социально-уязвимых групп может менять структуры возможностей на практике при наличии трех условий. Во-первых, через изменение статуса – когда негативная идентификация не только переворачивается по смыслу, но и формирует платформу для практического продвижения особого статуса и различий участников, с учетом их интересов. Во-вторых, установка на достижение усиливает позиции участников, если она сочетается с формированием социальных навыков по их согласованию. В-третьих, возможности аккумулируются, если закрепляются в эмансипационных способах взаимодействия на индивидуальном, групповом и локальном уровнях, предполагающих осознание причин угнетения, продвижение интересов уязвимых групп, приращение их опыта и расширение социальных связей. В заключение рассматривается рефлексивная солидарность, предполагающая совместную выработку моральных ориентиров и вариативность их реализации.
Biological Performance of Wood Modified with Orthophthalic Polyester Resin and Styrene
Authors: KARTAL Saip , KANTOĞLU Ömer
Published: September 2020

Aim of study: This study evaluated the improvements in dimensional stability and biological resistance of wood against fungal degradation, and termites by radiation-induced in situ copolymerization of three types of low viscosity-unsaturated polyester resin with styrene. Material and methods: Radiation polymerization of unsaturated polyester resin with styrene in a viscous system was performed at ambient temperature using gamma (γ)-rays. In the study, water absorption and dimensional stability of the modified wood specimens were first determined. The wood specimens were also tested against decay and mold fungi and termites in laboratory. Main results: Results after 24-h water immersion of modified wood specimens showed that more than 70% of water repellent effectiveness was obtained in the wood specimens after modifications with the three formulations of tested chemical mixtures; however, the highest anti-swell efficiency values were observed in the specimens treated with the only one type of treating mixtures. Mold resistance tests showed that the treating mixtures tested were not completely inhibited mold growth; however, some improvements in mold scores were seen when compared to control wood specimens. Results showed that after modifications, the specimens showed increased resistance against the fungi and termites considering untreated control specimens. Highlights: Modifications by styrene and UP resin with different formulations and gamma irradiation greatly improved water absorption and volumetric swell of test specimens in comparison with unmodified control specimens.
Predicting the Effect of Climate Change on the Potential Distribution of Crimean Juniper
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Serkan , GÜLSOY Serkan , MERT Ahmet
Published: September 2020

Aim of study: The main purpose of the present study is to model present and future potential distribution areas of the Crimean juniper (Juniperus excelsa M. BIEB.) under climate change.
Area of study: The study was carried out in the Lakes District that covers Burdur, Isparta and Antalya provinces in the west of the Mediterranean region.
Material and methods: During the study, the inventory data of 40 productive juniper stands in the region were collected. The future projections for the study area were made for the year 2070 with all Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) scenarios and 19 bioclimatic predictors from HadGEM2-ES. Modeling process was performed by using the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) method.
Main results: The AUC value of the model was determined as 0.966 ± 0.028. The model identified that Precipitation of Driest Month, Temperature Seasonality, Precipitation of Coldest Quarter, Max Temperature of Warmest Month, Mean Diurnal Range were the major variables influencing the current and future distributions of the species. According to the models, there will be a dramatic decrease in the potential distribution of the Crimean juniper. Consequently, the results from all these studies will be able to create an effective base for the biodiversity and ecosystem planning studies to be realized according to the climate change scenarios.
Highlights: Understanding how climate change will affect the distribution of plant species in the future is an important topic in ecological researches. Climate change scenarios are the most preferred parameters to remove this uncertainty. It is predicted that the Crimean juniper will be affected by climate change and its distribution will decrease dramatically.
Pendekatan Saintifik Kurikulum 2013 dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab bagi Siswa Tunanetra
Authors: Zulfa Yunita Laila
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study was to describe the implementation of Arabic learning for the visually impaired using the scientific approach. This research is descriptive qualitative research with miles and hubermen model data analysis and data validity test using data triangulation. The implementation of the scientific approach for the visually impaired in MTs. Foundation for the Blind Welfare Foundation is different in the observing section, students cannot make observations with the sense of sight so observations cannot deal with video media. Students more often make observations with the sense of hearing with, listen to explanations and use the sense of touch, for media that is used only with braille. However what is unfortunate is very minimal textbooks that form a Braille so that students cannot learn independently.
Pengaruh Latihan Relaksasi Otot dengan Metode Progresif dan Autogenik terhadap Pemulihan Atlet Judo
Authors: Sopian Sopian , Purnamasari Ira
Published: September 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemulihan atlet denganpelatihan mental menggunakan metode Relaksasi Otot Progresif danRelaksasi Autogenik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metodeeksperimen dengan one group pretest-posttest design, populasi yangdigunakan adalah atlet Pelatcab Judo Kabupaten Bandung Barat,berjumlah 10 orang dengan teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu totalsampling. Pengukuran denyut nadi dilakukan pada 5 menit pertama, diukursetiap menitnya. Hasil studi latihan relaksasi otot progresif dan autogenikpada pemulihan atlet judo menghasilkan nilai yang signifikan. Oleh karenaitu kedua metode tersebut cocok diberikan kepada atlet judo sebagaipemulihan. Namun latihan relaksasi otot menggunakan metode Autogeniklebih baik dibandingkan dengan latihan relaksasi otot menggunakanmetode Progresif.
Pengaruh Menstruasi terhadap Performance Atlet Bolabasket
Authors: Pardela Anisa Riski
Published: September 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan lebih luas tentang dampak menstruasi terhadap peformance seorang atlet dari segi fisik maupun segi psikologis. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Prosedur pengumpulan data melalui pengamatan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Dari hasil wawancara yang penulis lakukan, bahwa lebih banyak atlet merasakan gangguan dari segi psikologis dan hanya sedikit atlet yang merasakan gangguan dari segi fisik. Gangguan psikologis dan fisik menyebabkan berkurangknya fleksibilitas perhatian seseorang sehingga dapat mengganggu performance. Keluhan yang diraskan ditinjau dari segi fisik dari 6 atlet yaitu nyeri pada bagian perut, payudara, slangkangan dan kaki serta terasa pegal-pegal. Sedangkan pada 24 atlet lainnya tidak terdapat keluhan. Ditinjau dari segi psikologis pada saat menstruasi 19 atlet merasakan merasakan malas, mudah tersinggung, mudah marah, perasaan tidak stabil, cemas, merasa tertekan, sensitive, dan muncul prasaan berlebihan dan tidak terkendali. Sedangkan pada pada 11 atlet tidak terjadi perubahan perasaan ketika menstruasi atau tidak. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian ini bahwa, lebih banyak atlet merasakan gangguan psikologis dari pada gangguan fisik.
Professional and Ethical Standards in the Activity of a Mediator: Problems of Implementation and Control
Authors: Arkhipkina Anastasiya S.
Published: September 2020

The article examines the professional and ethical standards of a mediator in Russia. Using methods of the formal legal analysis and the comparative legal method, the author reveals the requirements of the professional standard for the knowledge, skills and abilities of mediator who carry out their activities on a professional basis. The main ethical standards enshrined in the European Code of Conduct for Mediators and the Code of Russian Mediators are analysed. The article also reveals the main problems of implementation of professional and ethical standards, as well as control over their observance. The experience of foreign countries in establishing the specified standards and control systems is presented
Are Metropolitan Areas Primed for Success? A Prosperity Risk Index for Evaluating Economic Development Patterns
Authors: Sadler Richard , Walling Dayne , Buchalski Zac , Harris Alan
Published: September 2020

Urban areas differ greatly in their exposure to economic change, their trajectory toward recovery and growth, and the extent to which development and equity are paired. Some of this differentiation can be explained by regional dynamics, policies, and migration flows that influence the composition of economic activity, land use, and population characteristics. Simultaneously, the fortunes of center cities are known to often correlate with metropolitan characteristics, yet the interaction of socio-spatial conditions with multi-level governance and development processes—particularly with respect to how prosperity is shared across municipal lines and is distributed among communities—is under-researched. In this article, we use a GIS-based and quantitative approach to characterize such patterns and evaluate regional differences among 117 mid-sized metropolitan areas in the Eastern US with a population between 250,000 and 2,500,000. Our analysis rests on initial GIS-based inquiries to define city, urbanized area, county, and core-based statistical area-level measures of municipal fragmentation, geographic sprawl, racial segregation, economic inequality, and overall poverty. These five characteristics are combined to propose a prosperity risk index for each region. Further, indicators of economic performance such as job and population growth are inverted to create an economic vulnerability index. An interaction model is run to determine relationships among the indices to highlight both the regional differences in these characteristics that became noticeably significant in the analysis and the linkages of spatial patterns of economic growth and social equity. Analyzing these multi-scalar regional dynamics illuminates the socio-spatial patterns that deserve attention in urban economic development theory and, subsequently, offers a framework for evaluating public policy and development practices. We likewise offer two comparisons of outliers as a means of illustrating potential directions urban areas can take toward economic development. These findings are valuable for local economic development practitioners who may be seeking further contextual/comparative information on urban regions, or for others interested in understanding the dynamics behind urban planning that may drive regional competitiveness and prosperity.
Overview of anticonvulsant therapy in full-term and premature neonates
Authors: Ivzhits M. A. , Zyryanov S. K. , Rodoman G. V. , Bondareva I. B. , Dumova S. V. , Babak O. A. , Chenkurov M. S. , Putsman G. A.
Published: September 2020

Convulsions in full-term and especially in premature newborns are observable pathologies. Selection of anticonvulsant therapy is very difficult:newborns have particular pharmacokinetics of drugs, insufficient data on doses and therapeutic concentrations of anticonvulsants in the blood(premature infants mainly). This article is an overview, with an emphasis on the features of dosing and pharmacokinetics of anticonvulsantsin term and preterm infants.
Difficulties of differential diagnostics of Guillain–Barré syndrome in children. The discussion of two clinical cases
Authors: Kotov A. S. , Mukhina E. V. , Shatalin A. V. , Panteleeva M. V. , Bunak M. S.
Published: September 2020

Guillain–Barré syndrome – an acute demyelinating autoimmune disease characterized by lesions of the peripheral nervous system and consequently peripheral paralysis, paresthesias and/or pain. Guillain–Barré syndrome is a predominant cause of acute flaccid paralysis, which may occur at any age. We present two clinical cases of flaccid paralysis with patients at the age of 7 and 5 years requiring verification of the diagnosis.
About some cage forms after rabbits
Authors: Maximov A. A.
Published: September 2020

Abstracts. Review of Obstetric and Gynecological literature: Russian. AA Maksimov. About some cage forms after rabbits. - (Zhurn. Rusek. General. Protection. Nar. Zdraviya, 1897, No. 12, p. 736). The author draws attention to the work of Duval. In place of the developing after the epithelium of the ectoderm of the egg, located on the altered connective tissue of the mucous membrane of the uterus, it transforms the nature of the total protoplasmic mass with nuclei, but without cellular outlines.
0 recognition and treatment of early stages of uterine cancer
Authors: Varnek L. N.
Published: September 2020

L.N. Varnek. 0 recognition and treatment of early stages of uterine cancer . (Medical Notes, 1897, No. 18, p. 315).Speaking about the etiology of cancer, the author cites, by the way, Backer opinion that inflammatory changes in the mucous membrane of the uterus, which is the fruit of frequent childbirth, contribute to the development of uterine cancer.
Zam оka about gallbladder skidѣ .- (Vrachebnya Notes, 1897
Authors: Lutokhin M.
Published: September 2020

Abstracts. Review of Obstetric and Gynecological literature: Russian.M. Lutokhin. Zam оka about gallbladder skidѣ .- (Vrachebnya Notes, 1897, No. 14 and 15, p. 240).In a second-bearing 25 years old, a fetal egg was shed, when examined with a magnifying glass, it turned out that it was a blister drift in the earliest period of development, which captured the villi of the last and the entire chorion Iaege. The author of the last day concludes that the process began very early, even before the differentiation of the fleecy membrane into chorion frondosum and chorion iaege. On microscopic preparations, perfectly pronounced villi were visible, with a significantly reduced amount of base cells and a large accumulation of interstitial matter.