bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Surgical Treatment for Nyhus Type II Indirect Inguinal Hernias – Short-term Results
Authors: Sonis A. G. , Makarov I. V. , Aliev V. G. , Grachev B. D. , Ishutov I. V. , Timoshchuk V. V. , Gladunova E. P. , Lopukhov E. S.
Published: January 2025

Relevance. Inguinal hernias are one of the most common surgical diseases, often found in working age men. Despite a significant decrease in the number of relapses after tension-free hernioplasty, the severe pain syndrome, the high frequency of edematous and hemorrhagic syndromes in postoperative period are often founded. Improving the surgical treatment of inguinal hernias reduces the likelihood of the above-mentioned consequences of operations.

Goal. Improve the immediate treatment outcomes with oblique intracanal inguinal hernias by developing and modifying methods of prosthetic hernioplasty.

Material and methods. A method of inguinal hernioplasty (a method for the prevention of scarring of the spermatic cord (patent for invention No. 2655541 dated 28.005.2018) and a modification of the method of forming the Cux window (rationalization proposal No. 360 adopted by the SamSMU dated 06/29/2016) have been developed. The immediate results of the application of the developed techniques in 60 patients (the main group) were analyzed. The control group consisted of 60 patients operated according to the classical Lichtenstein technique. The pain level of syndrome on a visual analog scale, the severity of edematous syndrome, hemorrhagic complications in the area of surgery, ultrasound data on size measurements of the testicle and scrotum wall, detection of accumulations of serous fluid, and the fit of the implant were assessed and analyzed.

Results. The immediate results in the main group were better than in the control group. A decrease in the level of pain syndrome after 1 day and 3 days after surgery was noted. Reliable data were obtained on the positive effect of the proposed surgical treatment option on edematous syndromes, the decrease of hemorrhagic complications.

Conclusions. The application of the developed techniques made it possible to improve the immediate results of treatment by stitching the implant from above to the aponeurosis of the external oblique abdominal muscle, reducing the traumatization of the elements of the spermatic cord during the allocation of the hernial sac, the suction capacity of the peritoneum of the inverted section of the hernial sac.
Assessment of long-term radiological signs of COVID-19 viral-associated pneumonia in patients with sarcoidosis of the respiratory system
Authors: Amansakhedov R. B. , Borisova A. Yu. , Ergeshova L. A. , Tikhonskaya A. N. , Tarasov R. V. , Karpina N. L.
Published: January 2025

Relevance. It is known that both sarcoidosis of the respiratory organs (SRO) and COVID-19-associated pneumonia involve connective tissue structures in the lungs in pathological processes, which may have similar clinical and radiological manifestations. Computed tomography (CT) of high resolution of the chest is the main method for diagnosing various pathologies of the respiratory system with a morphological substrate.

Aim: the objective is to evaluate long-term outcomes of various CT signs of sarcoidoses and COVID‑19 pneumonia.

Materials and methods. The study was cohort-based and retrospective. 37 patients with sarcoidosis of the respiratory organs who had suffered from COVID-19associated pneumonia for more than one year prior to admission to the Central Research Institute were examined. The X-ray semiotics of patients with SRO after COVID-19 were analyzed to develop a differentiated approach and dynamic monitoring of these patients. The prevalence of lung lesions associated with COVID-19 was estimated according to 4 degrees of severity, based on the adopted methodological recommendations from the Moscow Medical Center in 2020.

Results. Signs of interstitial densification characteristic of SRS were found in 50% of cases (χ2 = 35.18, p = 0.00001), whereas for COVID-19, changes in the peripheral interstitium were more characteristic and were detected in 65% of cases (χ2 =52.46, p=0.00). The extent of the changes was limited in SRS in 46% of cases and in COVID-10 in 69% (χ²=10.8, p= 0.1). By localization, changes were subpleural in 7% of SRS cases and 81% of COVID-1 cases.The predominant topic of change in SRS was basal (77%), with caudal changes in COVID (80%).Pleural involvement was characteristic of granuloma-level SRS in 97% and COVID in 16%. Vascular involvement was 96% in SRS and 39% in COVID.

Conclusion. The CT data did not reveal a significant effect of COVID-19 on the course or change of the X-ray pattern, the stage of sarcoidosis of IHL and the lungs. Probably, granulomatous lung inflammation is a more dominant process than viral lesions associated with COVID-19. Changes in the lungs on CT scans do not always correlate with clinical manifestations of COVID-19 or SRS, so further study of their interaction is required in clinical practice.
Der Museumskoffer : Mittelalterarchäologie in Oberfranken - Archäologie in der Schule
Authors: Ziegler Britta
Published: January 2025

Die Archäologie ist eine sehr praxisorientierte historische Wissenschaft. Archäologische Entdeckungen und Ausgrabungen rufen erfahrungsgemäß eine große mediale öffentliche Resonanz hervor. Aber Archäologie kann noch mehr: Durch sie ist es möglich, zeitliche Dimensionen, die Verantwortung für das historische Erbe einer Gesellschaft sowie die vielschichtige Komplexität geschichtlicher Entwicklungsprozesse besonders anschaulich zu vermitteln. Somit bietet die Archäologie als Thematik des Schulunterrichts eine ideale Handhabe, um Beziehungen zwischen Vergangenheit, Gegenwart und Zukunft aufzuzeigen. Geeignete Fächer hierfür sind der Heimat- und Sachunterricht, Geschichte und Kunst. Die im Museumskoffer präsentierten Forschungsergebnisse aus dem Gebiet von Stadt und Landkreis Bamberg, der Stadt Kronach und aus Grabungen im Bereich der Burgruine Führt am Berg bei Coburg veranschaulichen plastisch die verschiedenen Lebenswelten der „klassischen“ mittelalterlichen Gesellschaftsstruktur von dörflicher Siedlung, bürgerlicher Stadt und Herrschaftssitz. Der vorliegende Katalog soll den Lehrkräften und anderen fachfremden Personenkreisen, die den Museumskoffer nutzen, einen schnellen Einstieg in die Materie ermöglichen. Der Katalog übernimmt die Funktion der Ausstellungstafeln einer musealen Präsentation: Hiermit werden die im Koffer enthaltenen Objekte erläutert und in einen historischen und archäologischen Kontext gesetzt. Der Museumskoffer zur Mittelalterarchäologie in Oberfranken ist ein Produkt des Lehrstuhls für Archäologie des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit und wird als Angebot für Schulen bereitgehalten. Er kann von Lehrkräften kostenlos entliehen werden.
Histochemical Mapping of Mast Cells in Oral Dysplasia: A Window into Carcinogenesis in Rats
Authors: Rageh Omar , Abdel Bary Sawsan Naguib , Ameen Nermine Raouf
Published: January 2025

Background: The most common cause of death is cancer. Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the initial phase of more than 95% of oral cavity carcinomas. The earliest histological indication of cancer is dysplasia, which occur before squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) forms.  The risk of transformation to cancer is greater in dysplasia than in normal oral epithelium. Objectives: To demonstrate the correlation between the mast cell count and oral dysplastic lesions severity. Methods and Materials: the study involve 30 rats who randomly allocated into two groups: control and experimental groups. Formaldehyde and 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) were applied topically to the rats' buccal mucosa in order to cause carcinogenesis. Mast cell detection using toluidine blue stain. Results: the mast cell count (MCC) was more significant in oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) (high- risk and low- risk dysplasia) than in control and most significantly expressed was in high-risk epithelial dysplasia. Conclusion: As OED severity increased, there was also a significant increase in the number of infiltrating mast cells (MCs). By reducing their tumor-promoting properties, MCs may be a viable target for the treatment of oral premalignant and malignant cancers.
El corazón de las tinieblas: ¿Son las (dis) funciones ejecutivas un factor común en las conductas de agresión y el Bullying?
Authors: Henostroza Mesones Fabiola , Loaiza Dargent Adriana Gabriela , López Terrones Marjory
Published: January 2025

La presente revisión sistemática tiene como objetivo llevar a cabo un análisis exhaustivo de las investigaciones que proponen a las funciones ejecutivas (FEs) como un camino hacia el entendimiento de los factores individuales que sostienen la conducta agresiva (CA) y, en consecuencia, contribuyen al mantenimiento de dinámicas asociadas a bullying dentro de contextos escolares. La búsqueda de artículos se realizó en bases de datos como Web of Science, Scopus y Pub Med. De manera específica se seleccionaron estudios que analizaran la contribución de las FEs en la CA o en el rol de victimario en situaciones de bullying, llevados a cabo en los últimos 10 años con muestras de entre 4 a 12 años de edad. El resultado final de la búsqueda dio un total de 11 artículos, a través de los cuales se pudo identificar que, si bien las FEs contribuyen en el desarrollo de la conducta agresiva, su aporte puede variar según el subtipo de agresión evaluada. De manera que un rendimiento ejecutivo superior o inferior puede traducirse en perfiles de agresión diferenciados. Asimismo, se pueden evidenciar que otras variables asociadas a rasgos de temperamento como Callous Unemotional contribuyen en la construcción de perfiles específicos. Esto refleja la importancia de promover intervenciones que, por un lado, consideren factores cognitivos y, por el otro, respondan a las características específicas del tipo de agresión ejercida por los victimarios. Cincuenta años después de la primera publicación en la que Olweus acuñó el término bullying, aún quedan vacíos e interrogantes por responder.
Psicología organizacional en Arequipa: Pasado, presente y problemas
Authors: Arias Gallegos Walter L.
Published: January 2025

En este artículo, analizaremos el desarrollo de la psicología organizacional en la ciudad de Arequipa (Perú), desde sus aspectos formativos y sus respectivas aplicaciones, hasta la productividad académica y las líneas de investigación que se han fortalecido en los últimos años. Primero revisaremos brevemente, la historia de la psicología organizacional de forma global y a nivel nacional, para luego centrarnos en los avances registrados en Arequipa, a partir de los artículos de investigación publicados en revistas locales, nacionales e internacionales. Se finaliza con el análisis de los problemas que debe afrontar la psicología organizacional en Arequipa para cimentarse como una disciplina con solvencia académica.
Desarrollo de un método de refuerzo en proceso de impresión 3D de hormigón con aleación de Nitinol con memoria de forma
Authors: Ahadia Bahram , Valiente-López Mercedes , Golmohammadi Farhad
Published: January 2025

El concepto de fabricación digital en la industria de la construcción se refiere al proceso de construcción de estructuras mediante robots con materiales cementosos. Para aumentar la resistencia a la tracción del hormigón como material principal en la impresión 3D de hormigón (3DCP), es necesario reforzar las estructuras con un segundo material. El refuerzo en 3DCP se realiza de tres maneras: refuerzo preinstalado, refuerzo en proceso y método de refuerzo postinstalado. En el método de refuerzo en proceso, en el que el refuerzo se realiza durante la impresión, es uno de los retos en los que muchos investigadores intentan trabajar y presentar un método práctico. Uno de los métodos de refuerzo en proceso que fue propuesto por los investigadores en esta área de conocimiento, es la "inserción de uñas en U", donde los materiales de refuerzo en forma de U se incrustan en las capas recién impresas durante la impresión de forma automática, y las capas serán conectadas por estas u-uñas. En este estudio, los autores realizaron una simulación en el software de elementos finitos Abaqus. Se propuso el Nitinol SMA como material de refuerzo y se modelaron las muestras con SMA U-nails y se simuló la prueba de flexión en tres puntos en el software para ver el efecto del uso de un nuevo material en el método de refuerzo mencionado. También se modeló una muestra sin material de refuerzo para tener una muestra de control y, por último, se compararon los resultados con diferentes materiales de refuerzo..
Envolvente biosolar en el mercado municipal de Vallehermoso
Authors: Gallego-Sánchez-Torija Jorge , García-Herrero Jesús , Parada-Rodríguez José Luis , Mosquera-Casares Joaquín , Fernández-Nieto Maria Antonia
Published: January 2025

Se analiza la posible colocación de un ajardinamiento y de paneles fotovoltaicos en la cubierta y en la fachada del Mercado Municipal de Vallehermoso, debido a las ventajas que pueden presentar cuando se incorporan dichas tecnologías conjuntamente. Se lleva a cabo un estudio de soleamiento. Se elabora un inventario de soluciones de elementos ajardinados y de paneles fotovoltaicos en cubiertas y fachadas existentes. Se realiza un análisis de la estructura portante de la cubierta y la fachada. Por último, se estudia la viabilidad de un sistema conjunto de ajardinamiento y de paneles fotovoltaicos. Una vez estudiadas las posibilidades que ofrece el mercado de elementos vegetales y sistemas fotovoltaicos, la solución que se considera más adecuada consiste en combinar paneles fotovoltaicos clásicos con una cubierta vegetal de pequeño porte y de la mayor biodiversidad posible.
Partie 1 : Existe-t-il une corrélation entre le diamètre de la plaie de taille et la profondeur du cône de dessèchement ?
Authors: Bruez Emilie , Cholet Céline , Guidici Massimo , Simonit Marco , Boisseau Mathilde , Poitou Xavier , Coll Patrice , Gény-Denis Laurence
Published: January 2025

Alors que la taille est une pratique ancestrale et obligatoire pour la gestion du rendement et pour garder le plus longtemps possible la vigne en production, de nombreuses questions restent en suspens quant à son rôle sur la physiologie de la vigne, notamment en ce qui concerne la formation du cône de dessèchement qui est la résultante de la plaie de taille. Les tailles dites « respectueuses des flux de sèves » préconisent de ne pas tailler ras et de laisser un « chicot » c’est-à-dire une zone de bois entre la coupe et la base du rameau supprimé. Dans la pratique il est généralement admis que la longueur de ce bois doit être équivalente à son diamètre car la profondeur de la nécrose correspondrait au diamètre de la plaie de taille et qu’il peut être supprimé l’année suivante. Mais qu’en est-il réellement ? Au travers de l’observation des étapes et des mécanismes de formation des cônes de dessèchement, l’objectif de l’étude menée ici est d’une part de vérifier s’il existe réellement une corrélation entre le diamètre de la plaie de taille et la profondeur du dessèchement. Ces travaux ont permis d’étudier 4 paramètres : la qualité de la taille, le cépage, l’âge de la plante et le millésime.
Halal Food on Airplanes in Indonesia: Does it Provide Optimal Information?
Authors: Yahanan Annalisa , Turatmiyah Sri , Albariansyah Hamonangan , Febrian Febrian , Nurhidayatuloh Nurhidayatuloh
Published: January 2025

The majority of Indonesia’s population adheres to Islam. Therefore, it is essential that food consumption complies with Islamic law, including food consumed on airplanes. However, the information available to passengers regarding the halal status of food remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to analyze the regulation of halal products in Indonesia and to analyze the right to halal product information provided by Indonesian airlines during flights. The research was conducted normatively using a legislative and conceptual approach. Data on halal food information was obtained through internet searches and the food provided by airlines. The results showed that the regulation of halal products in Indonesia more clearly provides protection to consumers than in the Netherlands. Indonesia requires every food product in circulation and trade to include a halal label, namely the halal logo and halal certificate number without exception, while in the Netherlands this is not the case. In Indonesia, food information with a halal label on the plane, not all of them include it on the packaging of food products even though they already have a halal certificate. Passengers will be more comfortable and confident if the halal label information is easy to find and easy to read either on product packaging or in certain places.
Neural Key Agreement Protocol with Extended Security
Authors: Plesa Mihail-Iulian , Gheorghe Marian , Ipate Florentin
Published: January 2025

Key agreement protocols based on neural synchronization using Tree Parity Machines (TPMs) have two main advantages: their security does not involve trapdoor problems, which may be solved on a quantum computer, and, unlike their quantum counterparts, they do not require special hardware, which is expensive and difficult to manage. In this paper, we present a new protocol for synchronizing two TPMs. Our network construction uses non-binary inputs with positive bounded weights. We analyzed all major known attacks on TPMs and experimentally proved that the percentage of the key recovered by the attacker drops exponentially in the system's parameters. At the same time, the number of rounds of the protocol increases only polynomially.
Thymic hyperplasia presenting with respiratory distress in a male newborn: A case report
Authors: Gebrehana Alazar Wogayehu , Gletaw Teshome , Melkamu Yalew , Negusu Mulugeta
Published: January 2025

Background: Although thymic enlargement is a common and physiological finding of neonates and infants, symptomatic hyperplasia is a very rare condition.
Case presentation: We report a 21-hour male neonate who presented with fast and noisy breathing and failure to suck for 12 hours duration. He had signs of respiratory distress and was initially started on treatment for early-onset sepsis without any improvement. Later imaging showed a thymic enlargement which was then successfully treated with steroids.
Conclusion: Symptomatic thymic hyperplasia is an uncommon condition in the neonatal period. Steroids can be effective in the treatment of thymic hyperplasia help shrink the enlarged thymus and avoid unnecessary surgery.
Unconventional Manifestations of Pediatric Pneumonia: Clinical Insights into an Atypical Case
Authors: Rutherford Jovana , Moussa Marina , Lamour Daniella , Santana Alexa , Javed Zanera , Alvarez Israel
Published: January 2025

Introduction
Atypical community-acquired pneumonia is a common yet potentially fatal infection in children, particularly when classical clinical signs and symptoms are absent.
Case Report
A 7-year-old Hispanic male with a history of developmental delay, umbilical hernia, and ADHD presented to the pediatrician’s office with a chief complaint of intermittent fevers and cough over the past 6 days. His caregivers noted that the fever recurred every other day, with temperatures ranging from 100-102°F, and reported the onset of hives and swelling in the hands and feet on the 5th day. The patient had a negative screening for a rapid COVID, streptococcal, and influenza A/B test. He was sent to the hospital for a chest x-ray which revealed right upper lobe pneumonia. The patient received Azithromycin 200mg/5mL oral liquid 6.3mL on day 1 and 3.1mL for days 2-5 and Amoxicillin 400mg/5mL at 7mL q12h for 10 days, and loratadine 5mg/mL at 5 mg oral daily for 14 days.
Conclusion
One in five cases of pneumonia are atypical in the pediatric population with chances as high as 56% presenting asymptomatically which can make it challenging to diagnose.1 Classic presentation of atypical pneumonia present as the following: cough, fever, muscle ache. In this patient he presents with ambiguous symptoms. Patient followed-up two weeks later and reported abscess drainage on his head and he developed reactive adenitis. Outside of developing reactive adenitis due to an unrelated cause he recovered completely from the pneumonia. 10/25/24 - he developed reactive adenitis with 2 nodules noted on the superior region of head that was draining. He received clindamycin 75mg/5mL, 5ml TID for 10 days.
Daily variation of volatile C+, N+ and O+ ions in lunar thin atmosphere
Authors: Terada Kentaro , Nishihira Ryusei , Yokota Shoichiro , Saito Yoshifumi , Asamura Kazushi , Notsu Shota
Published: January 2025

On-site observations of volatile elements in the lunar exosphere provide robust evidence that volatiles such as carbon, nitrogen and oxygen are stored on the lunar surface and are being supplied to the exosphere. However, their sources and dynamics remain poorly understood. Here, we report the chemical composition and its time variations in the lunar exosphere using an Ion Mass Analyzer onboard the KAGUYA satellite. We first discovered sporadic changes in the C+/O+ ratio occurring immediately after meteoroid showers. We also observed daily variations in the C+/O+ and N+/O+ ratios, suggesting two possible sources: the reservoir with a higher N/C ratio than the solar value and CO/CO2 gasses. Our findings indicate that the crucial mechanism for the production of C⁺, N⁺, and O⁺ ions during the daytime is the sputtering of the nitrogen-rich reservoir by the solar wind, whereas micrometeoroid impacts and photon-stimulated desorption are not dominant processes. These new insights shed light on the reservoirs on the lunar surface and the 100-km-scale dynamics of volatile ions, supporting future human activities on the Moon.
Case-control Study on Atrial Electromechanical Coupling Time in Patients with New-onset Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Zhang Yong , Yue Fengjie , Jin Yan , Xin Fangran , Zhao Yang , Zhang Yuji , Wang Huishan
Published: January 2025

Objective
Atrial electromechanical coupling time (AEMCT) can be used to evaluate atrial electrical remodeling and early structural remodeling. This study explores the predictive role of AEMCT in postoperative new-onset AF (POAF) after off-pump isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB).
Methods
Atotal of 116 patients who underwent OPCAB and left atrial diameter (LAD)<44mm were analyzed. According to 7-day continuous telemetry and Holter monitoring after OPCAB, the patients were divided into POAF group and non- POAF group.
Results
There was no significant difference in LAD between two group. Multivariate analysis found that P-ALA, TLA and HbA1c in POAF group were significantly higher than that in non-POAF group, that is, higher HbA1c, prolonged P-ALA and TLA were independent risk factors for POAF after OPCAB. P- ALA had the highest diagnostic predicting value. The AUC of HbA1c, P-ALA and TLA with Cut -off was 0.766, 95% CI: 0.67–0.86, P < 0.001.
Conclusion
In OPCAB patients without significant LAD enlargement, when P-ALA ≥ 96. 50 ms, there is more than 90% probability of POAF. The combination of HbA1c, P-ALA and TLA has the highest predictive value of POAF. AEMCT measured with TDI has the advantages of low cost and high repeatability.
Record grounded glacier retreat caused by an ice plain calving process in Antarctica
Authors: Ochwat Naomi , Scambos Ted , Anderson Robert , Winberry J. Paul , Luckman Adrian , Berthier Etienne , Bernat Maud , Antropova Yulia
Published: January 2025

Understanding and predicting glacier instabilities represents one of the greatest challenges in forecasting future sea level rise. Here, we present a study of Hektoria Glacier on the Eastern Antarctic Peninsula, which underwent an unprecedented rate of glacier retreat of ~25 km from January 2022 to March 2023. Retreat commenced after the loss of decade-old fast ice in the Larsen B embayment. This loss of buttressing resulted in a 6-fold increase in flow-speed that produced a 40-fold increase in the glacier thinning rate. In November 2022, Hektoria Glacier transitioned from calving large tabular icebergs to buoyancy-driven calving associated with the transition from a floating to a lightly grounded terminus. By the end of December 2022, ~10 km of grounded ice calved; a retreat rate an order of magnitude faster than any reported in the modern record. Our results suggest that this record retreat was a result of extremely rapid buoyancy-driven calving as the ice front reached an ice plain. The Hektoria case implies that glaciers with ice plain bed geometry can be easily destabilized by loss of buttressing. The resulting extreme effect on ice discharge underscores the importance of identifying outlet glacier regions with similar characteristics.
Dual Vacancy-Regulated Pathway of Photoreduction of CO2 on Bi19S27Cl3 Nanorods into Multi-Carbon Solar Fuels
Authors: Zhou Yong , Cheng Tingting , Lin Wangqiang , Chen Guangyu , Yang Yong , Zhang Yongcai , Qu Junnan , Feng Yichen , Li Qiang , Long Ran , Wang Jinlan , Xiong Yujie , Zou Zhigang
Published: January 2025

Modulation of dual bismuth (Bi) and sulfur (S) vacancies on Bi19S27Cl3 nanorods was successfully utilized for efficient photoconversion of CO₂ into ethane (C₂H₆) as the dominant product with electron-based selectivity as high as 88.6% in the presence of water vapor. The introduction of Bi and S dual vacancies typically promote the adsorption and activation of CO₂ molecules, while simultaneously lowering the energy barrier for the hydrogenation of *C1 intermediates and subsequent C1-C1 coupling. A synergistic catalysis mechanism is proposed for the promising photoconversion of CO2. Sulfur vacancies enhance CO₂ adsorption and *CO generation, while bismuth vacancies make
the adjacent S atoms more electronically accessible than the Bi atoms, resulting in highly reactive and promoting C-C coupling of *CO therein. This work elucidates the synergistic effects of cationic and anionic vacancies in CO₂ photoreduction, offering valuable insights for the development of advanced CO₂ photoreduction catalysts.
Is ChatGPT's Knowledge on Rhinology Accurate? Can It Be Utilized in Medical Education and Patient Information?
Authors: ÖZDOĞAN Aykut , TELLİOĞLU Burçay , KATAR Oğuzhan , ÖZER Serdar
Published: January 2025

Background: ChatGPT is a new artificial intelligence model designed to create human-like chat. As a result of advancing knowledge and technological improvements, it is promising in the field of medicine, especially as a resource that patients and clinicians can apply.Objective: The aim of our study is to measure the accuracy and consistency of ChatGPT's answers to questions in the field of rhinology.Methods: In March 2024, the ChatGPT (ChatGPT version 4) was presented with 130 questions in rhinology. Each question was asked to ChatGPT twice and the consistency/reproducibility of the answers was investigated. The answers were evaluated by three ENT physicians. The physicians followed a standardised 4-point format (1:Completely correct, 2:Partially correct, 3:A mix of accurate and inaccurate/misleading, 4:Completely incorrect/ irrelevant).Results: The answers given by ChatGPT were consistent at a rate of 91.5%(119/130). Among the inconsistent answers, the second answer was found to be more correct in 10/11. Statistically, the second answer was found to be more correct (p: 0011). In 130 questions, as a result of the controllers' evaluation, the number of answers evaluated as completely correct was 99/81/80(76.2%/62.3%/61.5%) respectively. However, completely incorrect answers were 7/6/7(5.4%/4.6%/5.4%), respectively. Accordingly, it is seen that there is no statistical difference between the controllers(p:0.270).Conclusion: The inaccuracy of ChatGPT in patient information and education process is considered to be at an acceptable level and reliable. However, it is also seen that ChatGPT answers are not completely correct and can give misleading answers to some questions. We believe that it would be safer and more accurate to use ChatGPT as an informative and educational material for patients with the control of experts.
Enhancing sensorimotor and executive functioning in autistic children with a rhythmic videogame: A pilot study
Authors: Jamey Kevin , Laflamme Hugo , Foster Nicholas E. V. , Rigoulot Simon , Hyde Krista L. , Bella Simone Dalla
Published: January 2025

Children on the autism spectrum often experience sensorimotor and executive functioning difficulties, which are linked to rhythm disorders and symptom severity. To evaluate the feasibility and effects of training rhythmic skills as a way to improve cognitive functioning, we tested Rhythm Workers (RW), a finger-tapping serious game, in autistic children (ages 7–13; n = 26). Over two weeks, participants played either RW or an active control game with similar auditory-motor demands. Feasibility results showed high compliance (>88% of target training duration) and similar enjoyment for both games. Children who played RW improved in sensorimotor synchronization compared to the control group. Gains in executive functioning were also detected following RW training but not in the control group. Importantly, improvements in sensorimotor synchronization were linked to training duration and symptom severity (social awareness and repetitive behaviors). These findings demonstrate RW’s feasibility and potential as an accessible digital intervention for improving motor and cognitive skills in autistic children.
Design and Implementation of an Open-Source Security Operations Center for Effective Cyber Threat Detection and Response
Authors: Bhavsar Rakesh , Thakar Vishvjit
Published: January 2025

Given the increasing number of various cyberattacks targeting companies of all categories, it is crucial to make sure that organizational assets and infrastructure are correctly monitored for security threats in order to facilitate early detection and response. It is possible to provide sufficient security monitoring and incident response by utilizing a security information and event management (SIEM) tool in conjunction with additional security technologies, such as an extended detection and response (XDR) tool, all of which are located within an organizational unit. This study creates a OCS architecture with multiple elements to guarantee full security visibility across digital assets and endpoints. After that, it suggests open-source, inexpensive tools for putting this architecture into practice. In order to verify that this architecture is performing correctly, Utilizing the proposed methods, the architecture was put into practice. These included Suricata for network intrusion detection, The Hive for case management, and the Wazuh platform for XDR and SIEM tools. This deployed architecture was then used to monitor endpoints and run a variety of cybersecurity scenarios, including malware downloads, brute force attacks, and denial-of-service attacks. According to the results, the tools used carried out the proper exposure assessment and were able to identify and react to the different circumstances. Using open-source tools, this article presented a operations Center for Security design and successfully applied it to identify common cybersecurity threats.
Quantitative and Qualitative Differences of Common Microplastic Detection Procedures: Nile Red- assisted Fluorescence Microscopy and Confocal Micro-Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Utecht Steve , Krause Stefan , Schuetz Tobias
Published: January 2025

Microplastics (MPs) are pervasive and widespread pollutants penetrating ecosystems worldwide, including aquatic environments and sediments. The lack of standardised evaluation procedures and limited sample throughput hampers accurate assessment of global MP pollution. High-throughput analytical methods are crucial for advancing our understanding of MP cycling in the environment. This study compares MP observations by confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy and Nile Red-assisted fluorescence microscopy to evaluate their effectiveness for high-throughput MP analysis using the percentage differences between the results of the two methods. The results show the influence of particle size on the detected percentage differences and demonstrate that both methods deliver better matching results at smaller particle sizes. The overall percentage difference between the two methods is 421%, with variations ranging over three orders of magnitude depending on morphological characteristics (particles and fibres) and particle size, whereas plastic type did not significantly affect results. The combination of the Fenton reagent's limited organic matter removal and the resulting increased risk of false-positive MP detection, along with Raman spectroscopy's ability to reliably distinguish MPs from organic components, offers opportunities for data validation and correction to enhance accuracy and reliability of the results. This study contributes to the development of robust methods for high-throughput MP analysis, enabling improved spatial and temporal monitoring of its fate and transport in natural fluxes.
EXPLORE: learning interpretable rules for patient-level prediction
Authors: Markus Aniek F. , Kors Jan A. , Fridgeirsson Egill A. , Verhamme Katia M.C. , Rijnbeek Peter R.
Published: January 2025

Objective
We investigate whether a trade-off occurs between predictive performance and model interpretability in real-world health care data and illustrate how to develop clinically optimal decision rules by learning under constraints with the Exhaustive Procedure for Logic-Rule Extraction (EXPLORE) algorithm.
Methods
We enhanced EXPLORE’s scalability to enable its use with real-world datasets and developed an R package that generates simple decision rules. We compared EXPLORE’s performance to 7 state-of-the-art model algorithms across 5 prediction tasks using data from the Dutch Integrated Primary Care Information (IPCI) database. Additionally, we characterized EXPLORE’s space of near-optimal models (i.e. Rashomon set) and conducted experiments on incorporating domain knowledge and improving existing models.
Results
The prediction models developed using LASSO, RandomForest, and XGBoost consistently performed best in terms of AUROC, followed by DecisionTree and EXPLORE. However, the decision rules generated by EXPLORE are much simpler (at most 5 predictors) than the aforementioned. GOSDT-G, IHT, and RIPPER performed worse. Moreover, we demonstrated that EXPLORE’s Rashomon set is very large (1,381 − 20,320 models) with a large variability in both the generalizability and model diversity. We then showed there is a potential to find more clinically optimal decision rules using EXPLORE by incorporating domain knowledge (age/sex and task-specific features) or improving existing models (the CHADS2 score).
Conclusions
Our study shows that more complex models generally outperform simpler ones, confirming the expected interpretability-performance trade-off, although it varies in strength across prediction tasks. EXPLORE’s ability to learn under constraints is valuable for generating clinically optimal decision rules.
Investigation of the clinical significance of RDW in sepsis
Authors: Cai Wei , Liu Jia , Jin Yaqian , Xu Pan
Published: January 2025

Objective
Our study focused on the clinical relevance of red blood cell distribution width (RDW) in sepsis.
Methods
This retrospective analysis involved 57 sepsis patients from the University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (observation group) between February 2021 and November 2024, and 46 healthy controls who were examined during the same period. We compared the levels of RDW and other relevant biomarkers between the two groups, analyzed the correlation between RDW and PCT, CRP, and WBC, and evaluated the diagnostic and prognostic utility of RDW in sepsis.
Results
RDW, PCT, and WBC levels were distinctly higher in the observation group relative to the controls (P < 0.05). RDW was positively correlated with PCT (r = 0.255, P < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the area under the curve for RDW was 0.870, with a sensitivity of 78%, specificity of 87%, and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.784–0.956. The optimal cut-off value for RDW was 13.35. Logistic regression analysis indicated that an elevated RDW level was linked to higher risk of sepsis (odds ratio = 4.458, 95% CI 2.331–8.524, P < 0.001).
Conclusion
RDW may serve as a valuable indicator for diagnosing sepsis, with high predictive value for its occurrence.
In vitro susceptibility of clinical Clostridioides difficile isolates to ridinilazole and ibezapolstat in Israel, 2020-2022
Authors: Schwartz Orna , Azrad Maya , Peretz Avi
Published: January 2025

Background
Even though they constitute a risk factor, antibiotics are still the current primary treatment of C. difficile infection. Due to C. difficile's rapid development of resistance and high recurrences rates, there is an unmet need for new antimicrobials. In the current study, we assessed the in vitro susceptibility of clinical isolates from Israel to two recently developed antibiotics, ridinilazole and ibezpolstat, and to currently used antibiotics.
Methods
We collected 313 C. difficile isolates from several medical centers across Israel, that were recovered from patients of both community and hospital facilities. Isolates were typed to different strains (strain type-ST) by multi-locus sequencing typing (MLST). Susceptibility to metronidazole and vancomycin was determined by Etest; susceptibility to fidaxomicin, ridinilazole and ibezpolstat was determined by agar dilution.
Results
The most prevalent STs were ST42, with 39 (12.5%) isolates and ST2, with 36 isolates (11.5%). Resistance rate to metronidazole and vancomycin was low (2.2%, 1.6%, respectively). Ridinilazole (RDZ) MIC ranged between 0.06 to 0.5 mg/L, and the MIC50/90 were 0.25/0.5 mg/L. Ibezpolstat (IBZ) had an MIC50/90 of 4 mg/L. No significant differences were noted in MIC of different strains.
Conclusions
We demonstrated a potent in vitro activity of RDZ and IBZ against 313 C. difficile isolates, belonging to different STs. These two antimicrobials may serve as a treatment for C. difficile infection, as they have an excellent activity against C. difficile on one hand, and minimal effect on gut microbiome, on the other hand.
Deep-learning based Vehicle Trajectory Reconstruction for Arterial intersection Under Connected Vehicle Environment
Authors: Xu Mengyun , Zheng Wei
Published: January 2025

A complete spatial temporal traffic flow diagram with delicate vehicle trajectories enables traffic managers to totally perceive the fluctuation of traffic status at intersection. Equipped with advanced sensors continuously collecting high-resolution data, Connected Vehicles (CVs) opens up the possibility of reconstructing fully-sampled vehicle trajectories. In this context, this study establishes a novel framework that combines the deep-leaning based method with classic car-following method to reconstruct the trajectories at the micro-perspective level. The cornerstone of framework is the proposed Arrival-GAN model, designed to estimate the distribution of vehicle arrival. This model excels in capturing stochastic arrival patterns even under low-traffic conditions, eliminating the need for the common assumption of uniform arrival between adjacent probe vehicles. Subsequently, an extended car-following model is employed to deduce detailed trajectories based on the driving behavior of CVs. The method evaluation is conducted in the simulated arterial network and compared the results with other classic baselines. Results indicated that the proposed framework successfully reconstructs complete trajectories with significantly improved accuracy, especially in scenarios of low traffic density. This study showcases the potential of utilizing connected vehicles and deep-learning techniques to enhance our understanding of traffic statues, thereby empowering traffic managers with better insights for efficient intersection management.
Outcomes of Severe Covid-19 Among Patients Who Did and Did Not Receive Tocilizumab: A Two-year Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Beronja Branko , Gazibara Tatjana , Stevanović Olja , Nikolić Nataša , Todorović Nevena , Filipović Ana , Simić Jelena , Lukić Biljana , Hristović Dejan , Karan Aleksandra , Milošević Ivana
Published: January 2025

Evidence about long-term effects of tocilizumab (TCZ) treatment after COVID-19 is sparse. This study explored COVID-19-related outcomes over a two-year period among people who received TCZ and those who did not. Patients were recruited from two healthcare centers in Serbia, from March 2021 to December 2022. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected from hospital records. Outcomes of COVID-19 over two years of follow-up, such as post-COVID syndrome (PCS) and mortality, were retrieved from hospital records or through telephone calls. Cumulative two-year mortality in the TCZ cohort (150; 32.8% patients) was 20.6%, and in the non-TCZ cohort (307 patients; 67.2%) 24.7%. In TCZ recipients there was a lower cumulative incidence of PCS (3.4% vs. 9.9%, p = 0.018). Predictors of two-year mortality in both cohorts included age, receiving intensive care unit treatment, having insulin-dependent diabetes, and having elevated C-reactive protein and creatinin kinase on hospital admission. In addition, chest pain on admission, being a smoker, having pre-existing respiratory diseases and cancer along with high aspartate aminotranspherase on admission were predictive of a higher two-year mortality in the non-TCZ cohort. Patients who received TCZ had lower cumulative incidence of PCS and cumulative mortality rates after two years of follow-up. This study suggests that TCZ has potential long-term health benefits for people who were hospitalized for COVID-19.
Hydrogen charging and desorption from microstructural viewpoint: A method for deconvoluting hydrogen desorption spectra and unveiling the hydrogen-microstructure interaction
Authors: Cheng Jiahao , Zhong Weicheng , Mayeur Jason , Yamamoto Yukinori , Thapliyal Saket
Published: January 2025

Understanding the interaction of hydrogen with microstructure features in metallic materials is crucial for designing hydrogen-resistant alloys. Although thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) is widely used for investigating the hydrogen binding behavior of various microstructural features, its application to low hydrogen diffusivity face-centered cubic (fcc) materials is limited. This study establishes a method to investigate deuterium (hydrogen isotope) adsorption, diffusion, and desorption using a microscale hydrogen transport model, directly reconstructed from electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) maps. Austenitic steel SS316L, known for its high hydrogen solubility, low diffusivity, and strong resistance to embrittlement, is selected as a demonstration material. The model is validated against experimentally obtained TDS measurements in both, as-heat-treated and pre-strained conditions. Key insights into the interaction of hydrogen with dislocations and grain boundaries as revealed in this work are difficult to obtain from experiments alone and are expected to facilitate design of alloys for hydrogen infrastructure.
The evaluation of different combinations of enzyme set, aligner and caller in GBS sequencing of soybean
Authors: Zamalutdinov Aleksei , Boldyrev Stepan , Ben Cécile , Gentzbittel Laurent
Published: January 2025

Background
Genotype-by-sequencing (GBS) is a cost-effective method for large-scale genotyping, widely used across various species, particularly those with large genomes. A critical aspect of GBS lies in the selection of restriction enzymes for genome digestion and the optimization of data analysis pipelines. However, few studies have comprehensively examined the combined effects of enzyme choice and pipeline configuration.
Results
In this study, we created GBS libraries using three commonly used restriction enzyme combinations (HindIII-NlaIII, PstI-MspI, and ApeKI) and assessed multiple SNP-calling pipelines in 15 soybean varieties. We tested four aligners (BWA-MEM, Bowtie2, BBMap, and Strobealign) and seven SNP callers (Bcftools, Stacks, DeepVariant, FreeBayes, VarScan, BBCallVariants, and GATK). Our finding reveal that enzyme choice significantly influences the number of identified SNP, gene localization preferences, and accuracy. Furthermore, the performance of SNP callers varied markedly in terms of SNP count, precision, recall, and false discovery rate (FDR). DeepVariant exhibited the highest accuracy, with 76.0% of its SNPs intersecting with whole-genome sequencing (WGS)-derived SNPs and an FDR of 0.0095, compared to FreeBayes, which had 47.8% intersection and an FDR of 0.6321.
Conclusions
Our findings underscore the importance of optimizing both enzyme selection for sequencing libraries and data analysis pipelines to ensure robust and reproducible results. This study provides a general framework for designing large-scale genotyping experiments aimed to specific quality and quantity requirements in various plant species.
Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms and Suicide Risk Among Syrian Refugees: The Mediating Role of Anxiety Sensitivity
Authors: METİN Salih , Şenormancı Güliz , Aygün Hüseyin , Şenormancı Ömer , Çetin Mustafa , Ekinci Ferhat
Published: January 2025

Forced migration, as exemplified by the ongoing Syrian refugee crisis, has been linked to elevated psychiatric issues such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, and increased suicide risk. This study explores the mediating role of anxiety sensitivity (AS) in the relationship between PTSD symptoms and suicide risk among Syrian refugees in Turkey. Data were collected from 574 Syrian refugees aged 18–65 years residing in Bursa province, using validated self-report scales, including the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (ASI-3), and the Suicide Probability Scale (SPS). Pearson correlation, independent samples t-test, and multiple binary logistic regression were employed for statistical analysis, while mediation analyses were performed using PROCESS for SPSS. The prevalence of PTSD among participants was 81.2%. Regression analyses indicated that while IES-R intrusion and hyperarousal subscales increased suicide risk, IES-R avoidance and ASI-3 physical concern subscales decreased it. Mediation analysis revealed a partial mediating effect of ASI-3 cognitive concern in the relationship between PTSD symptoms and suicidal ideation. Findings suggest that addressing cognitive concern may help mitigate suicide risk in PTSD-affected migrants. Additionally, avoidance and physical concern may act as temporary protective factors against suicide. These results highlight the need for tailored, trauma-focused mental health interventions to stabilize suicide risk before commencing PTSD treatment in forcibly displaced populations.