bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review of Fatigue Performance of Fiber Mixture with Concrete
Authors: Cai Haoran
Published: January 2025

The fatigue performance of fiber reinforced concrete is a research hotspot in the field of civil engineering. This paper systematically reviews the related research. The fatigue performance of fiber reinforced concrete is different from that of ordinary concrete because the internal structure is changed by the addition of fiber. Different kinds of fibers have different effects on fatigue performance. Steel fiber can enhance the toughness of the matrix, effectively hinder crack propagation, and significantly improve the fatigue life. Synthetic fibers have obvious effects in inhibiting early microcracks, and the mixed use of the two will produce complementary phenomena. Among them, steel fiber has the greatest improvement in the mechanical properties of concrete, with an average increase of 30.5%-41.7%. Glass fiber and synthetic fiber have improved the mechanical properties of concrete, with an increase of 10.5%-14.6%. Among them, the improvement of mixed fiber is significantly higher than that of single fiber and the mechanical properties are improved by about 45%-59.2%. The existing research mostly focuses on experimental analysis, numerical simulation is relatively less, and the research on long-term fatigue performance in practical engineering applications is still insufficient. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen multi-scale research, improve numerical models, and deeply explore its fatigue behavior in complex environments, so as to provide more solid theoretical support for engineering applications.
Agricultural Policies in Nigeria: Impact on The Nigerian Economy
Authors: C Uche, , E. N Ajie,
Published: January 2025

The study made use of secondary data accessed from bulletins and published researches whose primary focus was on various aspects of agricultural policies right from colonial rule to contemporary Nigeria and how it has impacted today’s agriculture and economy in the country. The research showed Nigeria hadn’t any explicit National Agricultural Policy before 1988. At independence in 1960, the country’s planning and policies mostly targeted economic growth and development and largely unarticulated administrative pronouncements that guided the operations of agricultural activities. The 1988 National Agricultural Policy document by the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources (FMARD) was an executive fiat of the then Federal Government that aimed at improving agricultural production and the development of export markets. A look at chronicled submissions in literature suggests Nigeria’s agricultural policy was replete with limitations, showed a general lack of coherence, absence of continuity and an inadequate linkage to other sectors of the economy. Events suggest agriculture related policies were opportunistic and uncoordinated and many scholars bemoan the absence of continuity and lessons from preceding program memes never adequately analyzed.  These have made it difficult to track and evaluate policy effectiveness. At the institutional level, it is evident that roles are not clearly segregated among various administrative offices saddled with agricultural development. The study concluded that before the 1960s, the role of agriculture in Nigeria’s economy was of little interest.  However, with limited support from the government, agriculture thrived and provided food for the population, raw materials for the industrial sector, revenue and foreign exchange for government and employment opportunities for the citizens. Agricultural policies in Nigeria will be a success if perspective plans and policy discipline are tenaciously held on to. This will enable government link past policies and facilitate an orderly transition ensuring a seamless continuity.
Flexural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Openings Created by PVC Pipes: An Experimental and Numerical Study
Authors: Andoh George , Kankam Charles K. , Ohene-Coffie Francis , Nanor Ezekiel Sackitey , Kpo Selase A. K. , Sarpong Kofi Owusu , Issifu Fredrick Ali
Published: January 2025

It is a very common practice in several countries to find service pipes passing through beams transversely and vertically during construction. This practice has the potential of threatening the full-strength capacity of the structural element. This paper presents an experimental and numerical investigation on the flexural, deflection and crack performance of reinforced concrete (RC) beams with embedded conduit pipes. A total of ten (10) reinforced concrete beams were made and tested. Two of the RC beams served as control beams while the remaining eight RC beams had embedded conduit pipes of different sizes (50mm and 100mm) and at different positions (vertical and transverse). Loads were applied in increments of 2kN to the beams until failure. From the experimental results, the two control beams had an average failure load of 50kN, while the RC beams embedded with conduit pipes had an average failure load capacity of 44.75kN, which represents a 10.5% reduction. Similarly, the control beams had an average experimental first crack load of 17kN, whereas the conduit pipe embedded beams averaged 16.88kN first crack load. The RC beams with conduit pipes inserted transversely recorded an average failure load of 43kN, lower than RC beams with conduit pipes inserted vertically, which had an average failure load of 46.5KN. Reinforced concrete beams embedded with PVC pipes were observed to produce more cracks than the control beams, especially at the openings due to stress concentration. The embedment of PVC pipes in the beams resulted in a significant 20.47% increase in the average mid-span deflection. The numerical simulation of the beams performed with ABAQUS software demonstrated an adequate estimate with the experimental results obtained. The percentage variation between the ultimate load results obtained from the experimental test and finite element analysis ranged from 2% to 9%.
A Review of the Effectiveness of the Sierra Leone Mining Policies in Sustainable Environmental Management
Authors: Songa David , Hao Ke
Published: January 2025

The mining industry is a key driver of revenue in Sierra Leone and plays a crucial role in the country’s economy. However, its environmental impacts have become one of the most significant challenges facing the nation.
This study assesses the effectiveness of mining policies in Sierra Leone in promoting sustainable environmental management. While legal frameworks such as the Mines and Minerals Act of 2009 and the Environmental Protection Act of 2008 have been established, enforcement remains a major challenge, contributing to ongoing environmental degradation and social conflicts. The study identifies key gaps in policy implementation, including limitations in institutional capacity, financial resources, and community engagement. Comparisons are made with mining policies in countries like Ghana, Australia, and South Africa, highlighting the importance of effective environmental regulation and robust enforcement mechanisms.
The study concludes with recommendations for improving the governance framework, enhancing the capacity of regulatory agencies, and fostering greater community participation to support sustainable development in Sierra Leone’s mining sector.
Interpretation as a Technique to Foster Inclusive Classrooms at Higher Learning Institutions in Zambia: A Case Study of Kitwe College of Education
Authors: Gerald Chishiba , Joseph Mukuka
Published: January 2025

This study aims to explore the implementation of interpretation techniques designed to promote inclusivity in educational settings, particularly those characterized by linguistic diversity and limited resources. The focus is on understanding how various techniques, such as sign language interpretation, simplified language, peer assistance, visual aids, and bilingual instruction, contribute to enhancing the learning experiences of students with disabilities and language barriers. A phenomenological approach was used to gather in-depth insights into participants' experiences. The study involved a sample of 15 participants, including three teacher educators, two interpreters, and ten students. The data was collected through multiple methods, including focus group discussions (FGDs), lesson observations, and individual interviews. These techniques allowed for the exploration of participants' perspectives on the effectiveness of inclusive strategies and the challenges faced in their implementation. Thematic analysis was applied to identify common patterns and challenges, particularly focusing on systemic issues such as resource limitations, the availability of trained interpreters, and cultural attitudes. The analysis further examined how these barriers impacted the success of interpretation techniques in fostering an inclusive learning environment. Additionally, the role of time constraints and linguistic diversity was explored as factors complicating the consistency and accessibility of inclusive practices. The findings highlight the significant impact of inclusive strategies on the learning experiences of students, yet they also point to substantial challenges that hinder the full potential of these practices. The study calls for increased investment in resources, professional development, and the creation of standardized policies to address these barriers. Practical implications suggest that educational institutions must adopt comprehensive and consistent strategies to ensure inclusivity for all students.
A Comprehensive Overview on the Biology and Culture Practices of Mud Crab (Scylla Sp.) in India
Authors: Raj V. Mohan , Sangeetha R. , George Susan
Published: January 2025

The genus Scylla, commonly known as mud crabs, is frequently found in mangrove habitats, brackish waters, coastal regions, ponds, and intertidal swamps, making them a rapidly growing exportable resource in India. Farming mud crabs serves as a vital income stream for fish farmers throughout the country. The increasing demand for mud crabs in the export market as an alternative to shrimp has led to heightened collection of wild seeds for cultivation, thereby posing a threat to natural populations. To promote sustainable crab farming and alleviate pressure on wild stocks, it is essential to focus on the availability of seeds, which is a crucial factor for successful farming. Additionally, crab fattening proves to be lucrative due to its quick turnover and high survival rates. This practice is particularly advantageous for small-scale operations, providing an extra source of income for local fishermen. This review article aims to consolidate existing knowledge on the ecology and biology of mud crabs.
Evaluating Antioxidants Present in Grapefruit Peel Phytochemicals Using Blending Extraction Method
Authors: Timothy Deborah Oluwafunmilola
Published: January 2025

Grapefruit peels, often discarded as waste, have gained attention for their potential as a source of natural antioxidants, addressing the growing demand for sustainable and cost-effective alternatives to synthetic compounds. Oxidative stress-related disorders continue to pose significant health challenges, emphasizing the need for natural antioxidant sources. This study investigates the antioxidant properties of grapefruit peel phytochemicals using the blending extraction method. Fresh grapefruits were purchased from Minna main market, Niger State Nigeria and stored under controlled conditions at room temperature before further analysis. The extracted phytochemicals were analyzed for their antioxidant activity and phytochemical composition. The findings reveal a concentration-dependent increase in the extract's ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation and scavenge DPPH free radicals, highlighting its strong antioxidant potential. Phytochemical analysis indicates a significant presence of phenolic compounds, while alkaloids and flavonoids were detected in lower quantities. Notably, saponins were found in higher concentrations among the analyzed phytochemicals. These results emphasize the potential of grapefruit peel extract as a rich source of natural antioxidants with promising applications in health, nutrition, and functional food development.
The Leaves and Seeds of Vigna subterranean (Bambara Nut) Inhibit the Growth of Selected Bacterial and Fungal Organisms
Authors: Silas Kelechi Henry , Ndubueze Chizaram Winners , Anorue Stanley Chukwuchebem , Ahaneku Ekenedirichukwu Blasingame
Published: January 2025

With increasing resistance of bacterial organisms to conventional antibiotics, it is crucial that alternative therapies are produced to combat this menace. One plant that has gathered the attention of researchers in recent time as a potential medicinal plant is Bambara nut (Vigna subterranean). Hence, this study was aimed at investigating the antimicrobial properties of Vigna subterranea, commonly known as the Bambara nut, as a potential alternative to synthetic antibiotics amid rising resistance levels. The study employed an in vitro experimental design, utilizing the agar well diffusion method for qualitative assessment and the broth microdilution method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of extracts from the seeds and leaves of the plant. The findings reveal that both the leaf and seed extracts possess significant antimicrobial activities against various pathogens, including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. The comparison of the results from both extracts showed that the leaf extract has a higher antibacterial effect than the seed extract. However, for the antifungal activity, whereas higher antifungal activity was seen in the leaf extract based on zones on inhibition, the MIC result of the seed extract was better. Chemical analysis identified phytochemicals such as flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids, which are known to contribute to the observed antimicrobial activity. This shows that extracts from Vigna subterranea possess significant antimicrobial potential, with higher potency seen in the leaf extracts. This means that the components of this plant could be developed as natural alternatives to combat AMR. In conclusion, these findings underscore the importance of further research into plant-based antimicrobials, which may provide sustainable solutions to the growing challenge of drug resistance in clinical settings.
Comparative Incidence of Oppositional Defiant and Conduct Disorders in ADHD: Bupropion vs. Stimulant Treatments
Authors: Lee Diane , Espiridion Eduardo
Published: January 2025

Background: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is often complicated by comorbid Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and Conduct Disorder (CD), which worsen outcomes. Stimulants, the standard ADHD treatment, may exacerbate aggression and oppositional behaviors, while bupropion, an atypical antidepressant, has emerged as a potential alternative with fewer behavioral risks.
Objective: This study evaluates whether ADHD patients treated with bupropion have lower incidences of ODD and CD compared to those treated with stimulants.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the TriNetX Global Collaborative Network. ADHD patients treated with stimulants (n=372,330) or bupropion (n=132,457) were analyzed. Patients with prior ODD, CD, or tobacco use were excluded. Incidence rates of ODD and CD were compared using measures of association and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.
Results: The incidence of ODD was significantly higher in the stimulant cohort (1.3%) compared to the bupropion cohort (0.5%) with a risk difference of 0.8% (95% CI: 0.007-0.009) and a risk ratio of 2.7 (95% CI: 2.484-2.934). Similarly, CD incidence was higher in the stimulant cohort (1.9%) versus the bupropion cohort (1.0%), with a risk difference of 0.9% (95% CI: 0.008-0.010) and a risk ratio of 1.864 (95% CI: 1.756-1.978). Kaplan-Meier analysis confirmed higher risks of ODD and CD in stimulant-treated patients.
Conclusion: Bupropion is associated with a lower risk of ODD and CD in ADHD patients compared to stimulants. These findings suggest that bupropion may be a safer alternative for ADHD patients at risk for these comorbid disorders, though further research is needed to confirm these results and explore underlying mechanisms. While this study provides valuable insights, the retrospective design introduces potential limitations, including biases from unmeasured confounders and the risk of incomplete or inaccurate data in the database.
Effect of Different Varieties on Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) under Gird Region of Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Sharma Satendra , Kumar Hirdesh , Sahu Arun , Srivastava Mandvi , Singh Sachin Kumar
Published: January 2025

The present investigation was conducted at field of School of Agriculture science, Vikrant University, Gwalior, (M.P.). Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the important cereal crops belong to the Poaceae family, which ranked third after wheat and rice crops in of the productivity and cultivated area in the world. It is a short duration, quick growing and widely grown crop with high potential, there are no cereal crops with such an immense potentiality, so it is called as “queen of cereals”. Different varieties of maize e.g., JM 218, JM 215, PRMH-306, JM-8, JM-13 are grown. The medium or late maturing varieties suffer due to water stress at maturity stage and lack of suitable varieties with stress tolerance at various stages of growth is one of the limiting factors. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Each replication was comprised of six treatments involving different varieties i.e. JM218, JM215, PRMH – 306, JM – 8 and JM – 13 of maize. Result concluded that the varieties PRMH – 306 (T3) may be more beneficial in terms of growth, productivity, and profitability over rest of the treatments, which suggests that the varieties PRMH – 306 is more scientific management for under field condition as well as sandy loam soil for maize in region of Madhya Pradesh.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use among Dermatology Outpatients in Southeastern Nigeria: A Tertiary Hospital Study
Authors: Chioma Anaje Chetanna , Ifeanyi Okpala Chibuzor , Anne Enechukwu Nkechi , Ifeanyichukwu Ezejiofor Ogochukwu , Echezona Malachy Divinefavour , Chukwuebuka Nkesi John
Published: January 2025

Background: Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) is widely used globally, including among dermatology patients. CAM includes different practices not typically part of conventional medicine and is classified into five categories, including biologically based therapies and mind-body interventions. Despite its popularity, little is known about CAM usage patterns among dermatology outpatients in Southeastern Nigeria.
Aim: This study aimed to assess the prevalence, the sociodemographic characteristics of dermatology outpatients using CAM and reasons for its usage.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH), Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria, between August to November 2022.
Methodology: We recruited 212 dermatology outpatients through convenient sampling. Data were collected using interviewer-administered structured questionnaires capturing sociodemographics, dermatological conditions, and CAM usage patterns.Data analysis was performed using SPSS™ Version 23.0, with chi-square tests determining associations between variables at a significance level of P < 0.05.
Results: Among 212 participants recruited, the prevalence of CAM use was 34.4%. The median age was 28 years, and more females (56.1%) than males (43.9%) used CAM. Acne (17.8%), psoriasis (16.4%), and mycoses (11%) were the most common conditions among CAM users. Biologically based therapies, particularly plant-based products like aloe vera, were the most frequently used CAM. Family recommendations (16%) and perceived safety (12.3%) were key reasons for CAM use. CAM usage was significantly associated with longer disease duration (P < .001).
Conclusion: The high prevalence of CAM use among dermatology outpatients in Southeastern Nigeria highlights the need for clinicians to recognize and consider alternative therapies in patient care. Understanding the patterns of CAM use can also guide clinicians in advising patients on safe and evidence-based alternatives. Future research on the efficacy and safety of CAM in dermatology is crucial to develop comprehensive, evidence-based treatment strategies that encompass both conventional and complementary therapies.
Seasonal Variation of Major Insect Pests of Mungbean in Grid Region, Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Singh Pradyumn , Seervi Sitaram , Tomar Neha , Naveen  , Suman Shivani
Published: January 2025

During kharif 2022, the experiment was conducted at RVSKVV, College of Agriculture Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India, to investigate the seasonal incidence of the main mung bean insect pests. Three sucking insect pests were found to be present from the vegetative stage to the maturity stage: the aphid, Aphis craccivora, the leafhopper, Empoasca kerri, and the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. We observed two lepidopterans from the reproductive stage to maturity: Spodoptera litura and Lampides boeticus. We saw two lepidopterans from the reproductive stage to maturity: Spodoptera litura and Lampides boeticus. The 39th SMW had the highest prevalence of A. craccivora and B. tabaci, with populations of 1.45 aphids per plant and 7.55 whiteflies per plant, respectively. On the 40th SMW, E. kerri's population peaked at 4.95 adults per plant. The 38th SMW saw a high of 0.52 larvae per plant for S. litura and 0.21 larvae per plant for L. boeticus. According to correlation studies, the maximum temperature was significantly correlated negatively with A. craccivora, B. tabaci, and L. boeticus (r = -0.667, -0.679, and -0.680). A substantial negative connection (-0.697) was observed between S. litura and maximum temperature, whereas a strong positive association (r = 0.704) was seen with evening relative humidity.
Refining Harvest Timing and Physiological Maturity for Optimal Seed Yield in Caribbean Stylo (Stylosanthes hamata)
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Kumar Sanjay , Doddamani Seema S
Published: January 2025

A study was carried out at the ICAR- Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, SRRS, Dharwad, Karnataka, India, during the Kharif 2022-23. The aim was to standardize cutting schedules and determine the physiological maturity of Stylosanthes hamata to improve seed production. Flower phenology studies revealed that the baker method was effective for estimating pollen viability. It was noted that Stylosanthes exhibited protandry, with a total of 10 stamens, where the development of 5 long anthers preceded the remaining 5 short anthers by 1-2 days. The highest pollen viability was observed during the morning hours on the day of anthesis, reaching a maximum of 67.05%. The main flowering period for Stylosanthes was from September to December, with an additional minor blooming period observed during April-May. After anthesis, Stylosanthes flowers lasted for a maximum of 8-9 hours before wilting. The use of mulching significantly improved various of growth and flowering parameters, as well as seed yield and quality. At 60 days after sowing (DAS), initial plant height was similar for plots without mulch (M1) and those with mulch (M2) at around 30.85cm and 30.68cm respectively. However, by 90 DAS, plants in the M2 plots had significantly greater height (66.65cm) compared to those in M1. Similarly, various other parameters such as days to 50% flowering (88.35), number of branches (6.25), days to maturity (159.18), seed yield (771.98kg/ha), seed germination (35.65%), shoot length (7.30cm), root length (6.55cm), seedling vigor index (494.91), seeds on plant (5.83%), physical purity (82.33%), test weight (3.24g), and minimum seeds fallen on the ground (78.18%) were also significantly improved with mulching. These results were consistent across different stages of harvesting at 170-180 days after sowing, indicating physiological maturity. Therefore, for optimal growth, seed yield, and quality in Stylosanthes seeds, harvesting at 170-180 DAS with mulching is recommended.
Multiscale Attentional Squeeze-And-Excitation Network for Person Re-Identification
Authors: Guo Tiancun , Zhou Qiang , Gao Mingliang , Jeon Gwanggil , Camacho David
Published: January 2025

In recent years, with the advancement of deep learning, person re-identification (Re-ID) has become increasingly
significant. The existing person Re-ID methods primarily focus on optimizing network architecture to enhance Re-
ID task performance. However, these methods often overlook the importance of valuable features in distinguishing
Re-ID tasks, leading to reduced model efficacy in complex scenarios. As a solution, we utilize the attention
mechanism to develop the lightweight multiscale Attentional Squeeze-and-Excitation Network (MASENet) that
can distinguish between significant and non-significant features. Specifically, we utilize the SEAttention (SE)
module to amplify important feature channels and suppress redundant ones. Additionally, the Spatial Group
Enhance (SGE) module is introduced to enable networks to enhance semantic learning expression and suppress
potential noise autonomously. We conduct comprehensive experiments on Market1501, MSMT17, and VeRi-
776 datasets and cross-domain experiments on MSMT17 Ñ Market1501 to validate the model performance.
Experimental results prove that the proposed MASENet achieves competitive performance across all experiments.
Coomaniella sunfengyii sp. nov., a new species from Fujian, China (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Coomaniellini)
Authors: LIAO ZHI-YU , SU RONG-XIANG , QI ZHI-HAO , TANG CHEN-SHENG , CAI SHOU-PING , SONG HAI-TIAN
Published: July 2023

A new species Coomaniella sunfengyii Liao, Su, Qi & Song, sp. nov. from Fujian Province, China, is described and placed in the Coomaniella macropus species-group. The description, illustrations, host plant information and diagnostic characters of the new species are provided.
Application of genetic risk score for in-stent restenosis of second- and third-generation drug-eluting stents in geriatric patients
Authors: Hsu Yu-Ling , Huang Mu-Shiang , Chang Hsien-Yuan , Lee Cheng-Han , Chen Dao-Peng , Li Yi-Heng , Chao Ting-Hsin , Liu Yen-Wen , Liu Ping-Yen
Published: July 2023

Background

The second-and third-generation drug-eluting stents (DESs) in-stent restenosis (ISR) genetic risk score (GRS) model has been previously validated. However, the model has not been validated in geriatric patients. Therefore, we conducted this study to test the feasibility of the DES-ISR GRS model in geriatric patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) in Taiwan.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective, single-center cohort study and included geriatric patients (age ≥ 65 years) with CAD and second-or third-generation DES(s) deployment. Patients undergoing maintenance dialysis were excluded. ISR was defined as ≥ 50% luminal narrowing on the follow-up coronary arteriography. The DES-ISR GRS model included five selected exonic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): CAMLG, GALNT2, C11orf84, THOC5, and SAMD11. The GRS was defined as the sum of the five selected SNPs for the risk allele.

Results

We enrolled 298 geriatric patients from January 2010 and December 2019 in this study. After propensity score matching, there were 192 geriatric patients with CAD in the final analysis, of which 32 patients had ISR. Patients were divided into two groups based on their GRS values: low (0–2) and high (≥ 3) GRS. A high GRS was significantly associated with DES-ISR in geriatric patients.

Conclusion

Those geriatric patients with a high GRS had significantly higher second-or third-generation DES ISR rates. The five SNP-derived DES-ISR GRS model could provide genetic information for interventional cardiologists to treat geriatric patients with CAD.

Trial registration

The primary study protocol was registered with clinicaltrials.org. with registration number: NCT03877614; on March 15, 2019. (http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03877614)
Some noncompact types of fixed point results in the generalized Banach spaces with respect to the G–weak topology contexts and applications
Authors: Laksaci Noura , Boudaoui Ahmed , Krichen Bilel , Mukheimer Aiman , Abdeljawad Thabet
Published: July 2023

This research deals with Krasnoselskii’s fixed point theorem where the entries operators do not need to be G-weakly compact and contraction. These results were obtained by using the so-called generalized measure of weak noncompactness and some user-friendly lemmas. Moreover, these gained fixed point results are applied to study the existence of solutions of a coupled system for integral equations in the generalized Banach space $\mathcal{{ C }} ( [0,1], E_{1} )\times \mathcal{{ C }} ( [0,1], E_{2} ) $
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Effect of contacts with health professionals on modern contraceptives uptake during the first 6 weeks after child birth: a prospective cohort study in Arsi Zone
Authors: Jima Gebi Husein , Stekelenburg Jelle , Fekadu Hailu , Sendekie Tegbar Yigzaw , Biesma Regien
Published: July 2023

Background

Healthy timing and spacing of pregnancy refers to the spacing between deliveries and subsequent pregnancies. The World Health Organization recommends waiting at least 24 months between the date of the live birth and the conception of the subsequent pregnancy in order to lower the risk of unfavorable maternal, perinatal, and newborn outcomes. Low use of contraception contributes to the high level of short inter-pregnancy intervals. Different studies conclusively demonstrate that this is a reality existing in Ethiopia right now. Limited data is available regarding the effects of contacts with health professionals on the use of contraception during the postnatal period.

Methods

A prospective cohort study was performed from October 01, 2020 to March 01, 2021. The study included 418 postnatal women who gave birth during the previous week. They were followed throughout the full postnatal period. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to gather the data. Data were gathered twice: once during the first week following birth and once again from the eighth to the 42nd day after birth. Epi-Info version 7 was used to enter data, which was subsequently exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. The effect of contacts with health professionals where contraceptives were discussed on contraception uptake was measured using adjusted relative risk and its 95% confidence interval.

Results

Modern contraceptive uptake rate during the postnatal period was 16% (95% CI: 12.50-19.50%). Contraceptive use was 3.56 times more likely in women who were counseled about contraceptives during a contacts with health professionals at a health facility compared to those who did not have a contact (aRR = 3.56, 95% CI: 1.97–6.32). Women’s age, place of residence, knowledge of whether they can become pregnant before menses return, menses return after birth, and resuming sexual activity after birth were all significantly associated with contraceptive use during the first six weeks following child birth.

Conclusions

Modern contraceptive uptake rate during the postnatal period among women in the study area was low. Contacts with health professionals where contraception is discussed was the main factor associated with contraception uptake during the postnatal period. We recommend that the Arsi Zone Health Office, the Weardas Health Office in the Arsi Zone, and the health care providers in the Arsi Zone health facilities strengthen contraceptive counseling in postnatal health services to reduce the proportion of women with short inter-pregnancy intervals.
La Filología Clásica y la Universidad de Salamanca: 1218-2018
Authors: Santamaría Álvarez Marco Antonio
Published: July 2023

Deseando unirse a los fastos que tuvieron lugar en la Universidad de Salamanca durante el año 2018 para celebrar sus ocho siglos de historia, la sección salmantina de la Sociedad Española de Estudios Clásicos y el Departamento de Filología Clásica e Indoeuropeo del Estudio organizaron una jornada académica el 28 de noviembre de 2018 dedicada a rememorar el cultivo de la Filología Clásica en nuestra Alma Mater. Tras una breve presentación, se recogen en este volumen las tres conferencias que los profesores Carmen Codoñer, Jaime Siles y Jesús de la Villa pronunciaron entonces sobre el pasado, presente y futuro de la Filología Clásica en la Universidad de Salamanca. A ellas siguen unas exhaustivas listas, compiladas por la profesora Susana González Marín, de los profesores que han impartido docencia de Latín, Griego e Indoeuropeo en el Estudio salmantino desde el curso 1938-39 hasta 2022-23. De este modo, con la mirada en el pasado más remoto y en el más reciente, este libro pretende contribuir a que la llama de la Filología Clásica siga encendida y continúe iluminando el futuro de la Academia.
BRAC’s (ব্র্যাক) Adoption of Community-Based Primary Education for Socially Disadvantaged Children in Bangladesh
Authors: Fateh Mohammad Abul
Published: July 2023

This article provides a critical-historical analysis of BRAC’s adoption of non-formal primary education (NFPE) while de-emphasizing ‘conscientizing’ functional education in Bangladesh during 1980s. The central question of this paper is why did BRAC´s adopt NFPE in 1985 within the framework of its needs. In this study, I analyze BRAC’s education program from 1973 to 1985, with particular attention to the international neoliberal context of 1980s, policy shift of the western aid industry, and relationship that BRAC and its founder had with local power structures and consecutive Bangladeshi regimes (Fateh, 2020). I examine BRAC’s curriculum documents, project proposals, evaluation reports, and statements made by BRAC’s founder Fazle Hasan Abed. My findings suggest that beside supporting the disadvantaged children, BRAC’s adoption of NFPE is for the sake of its organizational growth associated to its submission to local power structure, and dominant neoliberal framework of the international aid industry.
New Trend in Education after Covid-19 Attack: EFL Higher Students’ Experiences in Hybrid Environment in a Private University
Authors: Ma'ruf Zidni
Published: July 2023

After the covid-19 attack for a few years, hybrid environment in education become a new trend in today educational methodology in Indonesia. This is because traditional face to face teaching and learning were forbidden by Indonesian government during covid-19 pandemic. Alternatively, virtual teaching and learning are implemented. The habit of the integration of technology in education continues after the pandemic by implementing hybrid learning and teaching environment. This qualitative research with a case study approach aims to explore EFL higher students’ experiences in hybrid environment. There were six students participated in this research that the researchers got through purposive sampling. Open-ended interview was the main data collection used in this research to give a clear picture and deep understanding of EFL higher students experience in hybrid environment after the pandemic. All the interview data were recorded, transcribed, analyzed, and divided into some themes. Further, member checking was done by the researchers to develop trustworthiness of the research. The findings of this research revealed at least two themes which are the advantages of hybrid environment (free from space-time and increasing speaking ability) and disadvantages of hybrid environment (costly, and bad connection). Further, suggestion and recommendation were offered to all related parties.
Plasticity, Form, and the Matter of Character in Middlemarch
Authors: Brilmyer S. Pearl
Published: July 2023

This essay tracks George Eliot’s construction of a layer of descriptions of characters as soft matter—as liquids, polymers, and other types of condensed matter in a malleable state—in her 1874 novel Middlemarch, elucidating what Brilmyer calls a physics of character from within its pages. In so doing, it suggests that even the most notoriously “brainy” of novels—on the level of its descriptions—resists a too-easy alignment of its characters with individual human psychologies.
The Depiction of Al-Bukhārī’s travels in classical Islamic literature
Authors: Ghani Usman
Published: July 2023

Travel (riḥla) after the death of the Prophet Muḥammad, and the geographically disparate locations of his companions made travelling for the acquisition of knowledge, and for the attainment of reliable ḥadīṯh an absolute necessity and it was regarded as a key component in the acquisition of this sacred knowledge. The present paper thus, investigates al-Bukhārī as a major figure in ḥadīṯh compilation. Furthermore, it discusses more specifically how he is perceived and exemplified in biographical literature (ṭabaqāt/tarājim). It subsequently, analyses the historical references (kutub al-tārīkh), in search of any possible subsidiary details.  Finally, by providing a chronological listing of these sources and looking at the included and excluded details, also the possible and acceptable explanations of any incongruities befallen, the present paper will determine whether the information provided is consistent or if it is the subject of embellishment.Keywords: Riḥla, ḥadīṯh, al-Jāmi‘ al-Ṣaḥīḥ, ṭabaqāt, tarājim
Seeing Islam as a Social Fact: Hermeneutic Approach to the Quran in Abu Zayd's Thought
Authors: Mutiullah Muhammad Yaufi Nur
Published: July 2023

This study aims to discuss Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd's thoughts on the Quran as scripture. Using the type of literature study research, this article explains Abu Zayd's thoughts as contained in several of his writings. This study's findings state that Abu Zayd's argument that the Quran as a cultural product and cultural producer (muntaj tsaqafi and muntij tsaqafi) departs from Abu Zayd's approach, which sees Islam as a social fact. There is a big difference between Islam, studied as a social fact, and Islam, seen as a religious doctrine. Islam as a social fact demands objective and positive scientific work. Abu Zayd took a new approach to the Quran by shifting the direction of study from a vertical dimension to a horizontal dimension. The horizontal dimension referred to by Abu Zayd is the canonization in which the teachings of the Quran were spread gradually by the Prophet Muhammad. This article also concludes that Abu Zayd sees it as a text for studying the Quran. It is at this point that Abu Zayd uses a hermeneutic approach. It is at these two points that Abu Zayd said that his study of the Quran is based on the human aspect. What Abu Zayd means by studying the Qur'an, which departs from the human aspect with a horizontal dimension is also what is meant by Islam as a social fact in this article. In the order of writing, the article sequentially discusses the following points. The first part of this article reviews a brief biography of Abu Zayd, along with the social and political conditions that influenced his thinking. The second part explains the Quran as a text. And in the last section describes the Quran as a product as well as a cultural producer
Fiqh Al-Hadis Review on Children Status as Result of Premarital Intercourse
Authors: Alkausar Muhammad Miftah , Prayogi Ananda
Published: July 2023

Premarital intercourse is not only an issue in society but also a serious discussion in religion. The outcome is the birth of a child whose lineage becomes a questionable. This article aims to answer this issue from the perspective of Islamic law with the Fiqh al-Hadis approach. The research employs a library research method with an approach of Fiqh al-Hadis to analyze narrations and significancy of the hadith by collecting all the related history, examining the validity and quality of the hadith and explaining how mazhab scholars argue about the meaning and purpose of discussed hadith text. Eventually, it is found that among mazhab scholars, there are agreements and differences in understanding the text and substantive of the ‘lil firasy’ hadith. From the various results of reasoning, mazhab scholars can provide clear stipulations in determining lineage status and can also be a way out for the community in this case.
(De)Coding of Abbreviations from the Last Two Decades
Authors: Ilieva Teodora
Published: July 2023

The publication examines abbreviations and combinations with an abbreviated element registered in the public domain in the last two decades, as well as the re-actualization of long-known abbreviations. The system analysis unfolds in several aspects: structural (mono-, bi- and polyelement, cut off abbreviations), temporal (neo-abbreviations and renewal of already known abbreviations, renomination), etymological (Bulgarian – regional and national, loan words, international abbreviations), functional (with distribution in written and/or usual utterances), stylistic (neutral, stylized, occasionally transposed, result of language play). The two main approaches that are advanced and woven into the analysis of the above-mentioned groups are the coding of significant nominations by means of various types of abbreviations and the connotative decoding (desabbreviation) of part of the abbreviation formations. In the study, cases of syngraphy, abbreviated homonymy and synonymy, archaization, competition between acronyms, which are registered in modern language practice, are marked.
Deep-ABSA: A Multichannel Deep Learning Framework For Aspect-Based Bangla Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Islam Md Morshedul , HOSSAIN G.M. SAKHAWAT , Sarma Dhiman , Chakma Rishita , Mynoddin Md
Published: July 2023

Nowadays people express their opinions on social media. Also provides product reviews on eCommerce websites and responds to various news as comments. It is necessary to know the polarity and aspect of various posts and comments for business, education and security. Aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA) predicts text category and polarity. In this paper, we proposed a deep learning framework Deep-ABSA for aspect-based sentiment analysis from Bangla texts. Our proposed framework is a multi-channel architecture. We implemented the word embedding, Bi-LSTM with the attention mechanism for one channel. And for another channel, we adopted the character-embedded convolutional neural network. Finally, we concatenated both channels for adjoining the features of each channel. We obtained an adequate performance from our proposed framework for aspect term analysis from Bangla sentences.
Effect of Oregano (Origanum vulgare) Extract on Kidney Histomorphometry and Histopathology in Mice (Mus musculus) Colibacillosis Model
Authors: Alviano Bian Febry Rohmana , Amri Indah Amalia
Published: July 2023

Colibacillosis is a disease that infects the digestive tract due to infection with the pathogen Escherichia coli. E. coli is able to cause bacteremia so that E. coli can reach the kidney through blood flowing to the kidney. To reduce the side effects of treatment using antibiotics, the herbal medicine oregano (Origanum vulgare) which contains phenols (carvacrol and thymol) works as an antibacterial. The benefits of this research are as a source of information and the basis for further research related to the use of oregano extract in the treatment of colibacillosis due to E. coli infection. The study used 20 male mice, divided into 5 applicable groups, namely K-, healthy mice were not given any treatment; K+ was induced by Streptomycin 20 mg and infected with E.coli 3 x 109 CFU/ml, 0.5 ml; P1 was induced by Streptomycin 20 mg and infected with E.coli 3 x 109 CFU/ml, 0.5 ml + Origanum vulgare extract 25 mg/kg; P2 was induced by Streptomycin 20 mg and infected with Escherichia coli 3 x 109 CFU/ml, 0.5ml + Origanum vulgare extract 50mg/kg; P3 was induced by Streptomycin 20 mg and infected with E.coli 3 x 109 CFU/ml, 0.5 ml + Origanum vulgare extract 100 mg/kg. Kidney was taken for histopathological preparations with hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining. After that, it was analyzed using Kruskal Wallis and continued with Mann Whitney. Histomorphometry semiquantitative measures the width of the Bowman's glomerular capsule and the length of the tubular lumen and then analyzed using One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results of this study showed that oregano extract had an effect on histomorphometry and histopathology of renal, with an optimal dose is 5 mg/mice.
Жгуты оптических волокон c высоким показателем преломления для проведения ТГц визуализации с субволновым разрешением (обзор)
Authors: Меликянц Д.Г. , Курлов В.Н. , Зайцев К.И. , Катыба Г.М.
Published: July 2023

Bundles or bundles of optical fibers are finding increasing applications in various areas of fiber optics, despite the relatively low resolution of such devices, which does not exceed the wavelength λ. One way to solve this problem is to use materials with a high refractive index, which will allow for strong localization of radiation modes in the fiber. This review discusses the use of sapphire fibers with a high refractive index of n>3 for these purposes. They are used as the basis for fiber bundles operating in the terahertz (THz) range and provide visualization with spatial resolution exceeding the Abbe diffraction limit for free space. Bundles of sapphire fibers of various configurations have been manufactured, consisting of arrays of parallel and non-parallel fibers, and theoretical and experimental evaluations of their spatial resolution have been obtained using both analysis of the paired correlation function of disordered fiber packing and THz imaging. In particular, for a bundle consisting of parallel fibers with metallic coating, the resolution varies with aperture with a mean value of 0.53.λ and can reach 0.3 λ in individual areas. For a bundle with diverging fibers with dielectric coating, the resolution is 0.35 λ, which significantly exceeds the Abbe limit. The developed principles can be transferred to any spectral range where materials for fiber optics with a high refractive index are available. Finally, methods for reconstructing THz images of test binary objects obtained using the proposed bundles are described.
Влияние рН среды на свойства углеродных точек с различной функционализацией поверхности: размеры и квантовый выход фотолюминесценции
Authors: Хмелева М.Ю. , Лаптинский К.А. , Доленко Т.А.
Published: July 2023

In this study carbon dots synthesized by the hydrothermal method and subsequent functionalization of the surface with carboxyl and hydroxyl groups were explored. As a result of studying the optical and colloidal properties of monofunctionalized carbon dots, a significant effect of the acidity of the nanoparticle environment on them was found. It has been found that for the photoluminescence quantum yield of carbon dots the greatest changes occur in the pH range from 2 to 5 for carbon dots with carboxyl surface groups and from 8 to 12 for carbon dots with hydroxyl groups. The mechanisms of the influence of surface functional groups on the photoluminescence of carbon dots with a change in the pH of the suspension are proposed.
Cyclicality of Public Spending Theoretical and Methodological Approach Case of Morocco
Authors: Erguigue Otmane
Published: July 2023

This article is a contribution to the analysis of the impact of fiscal policy on economic activity in Morocco. It provides a concise overview of the literature on fiscal policy. Reviewing both theoretical and empirical literature, an abundant literature focuses on the effect of spending on output and other macroeconomic variables. Some studies find that an increase in public spending has little effect on output, while others find that an expansionary fiscal policy has a positive effect on the economy, thus supporting Keynesian ideas. Most studies use data from developed countries such as the USA, Japan and Europe, but developing countries seem to have received less attention.