bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Status and declining trend of Sparrow’s-egg Lady’s-slipper (Cypripedium passerinum) orchids in Pukaskwa National Park, Ontario, Canada
Authors: Irvine Courtney , Patterson Lucy
Published: April 2022

Pukaskwa National Park hosts part of a disjunct population of the perennial orchid species Sparrow’s-egg Lady’s-slipper (Cypripedium passerinum) on the north shore of Lake Superior, Ontario, Canada. Monitoring of C. passerinum within Pukaskwa National Park occurred between 1979 and 2019. During that period, the total number of stalks and the number of C. passerinum colonies within the park have declined, while the proportion of flowering stalks at colonies has increased. Although the number of stalks at extant colonies is stable, this population may be suffering from lack of recruitment and is at risk of extirpation. We hypothesize that the decline and lack of recruitment are a result of changing habitat conditions due to natural and anthropogenic influence.
Continuing expansion of Narrow-leaved Cattail (Typha angustifolia) and decline of a provincially rare fen in the Holland Marsh, Ontario
Authors: Thompson Bill
Published: April 2022

At the time of European settlement, an extensive graminoid wetland existed at the confluence of the East and West Holland Rivers at the southern end of Lake Simcoe, Ontario. However, by 1925, clearing and draining of the marsh for specialty agriculture (i.e., market gardens) had begun and, by the 1940s, ~46% of the wetland had been cleared and another 13% was lost before 2016. Concurrent with marsh conversion has been an increase in Narrow-leaved Cattail (Typha angustifolia) in the remnant wetland. This study documents the change in the Holland Marsh wetland by delineating boundaries between marsh, fen, and shrub communities on aerial photographs taken at ~10-year intervals between 1946 and 2015 and documenting vegetation change along transects running perpendicular to tributaries bisecting the wetland. The extent of fen habitat within the Holland Marsh has been decreasing since 1946 at an average rate of 0.24 ha/year because of increases in both shrub and marsh (i.e., T. angustifolia) communities. Typha angustifolia expansion has been predominantly from along the margins of the Holland River where soil phosphorus concentration is significantly higher than in the core of the fen. Beyond 30 m from the river, vegetation dominance shifts from T. angustifolia to sedges (Cyperaceae). Managing phosphorus loading from upstream land uses will be of critical importance in protecting this habitat, which is rare in southern Ontario.
"The Dead Are Raised" (Matthew 11:5 // Luke 7:22): Resuscitation Accounts in the Gospels and Eyewitness Testimony
Authors: KEENER CRAIG S.
Published: April 2022

The criterion of multiple attestation supports the claim that persons believed dead were resuscitated in Jesus's ministry. One might wish to count the historiographic principle of analogy against the earliness of this tradition, but there are in fact analogies for such experiences today. It is incontrovertible that significant numbers of eyewitnesses in numerous cultures offer claims of resuscitations in theistic contexts today. Philosophic and theological explanations of these experiences vary, but the analogies suggest that one need not attribute all resuscitation accounts to late, legendary accretions.
He That Cometh in Mark 1:7 and Matt 24:30
Authors: KIRCHHEVEL GORDON D.
Published: April 2022

According to Mark 1:7 John the Baptist expected the coming of someone perceived as predicted in Isa 5:26–27. According to Matt 24:30 Jesus expected to come as the individual perceived in Isa 5:26–30 and the Targum (Aramaic interpretation), and so the "sign" of his coming meant the "sign" in Isa 5:26, and the "clouds" meant the "clouds" in Isa 5:30 and Targumic tradition. Messianic Isa 11:10 and Aramaic tradition inspired John 14:2– 3, and Mark 13:27 coheres dictionally with Tg. Isa 11:12. The messianic interpretation of Psalm 8 in Mark 2:10, 28 was preceded by one in 1 Cor 15:27, and the messianic interpretation of Isa 5:26–30 in Mark 13:26 was preceded by one in 1 Thess 4:13–18 ("the word of the Lord" = Isa 5:26–30).
The Need for the "Historical Jesus" A Response to Jacob Neusner's Review of Crossan and Meier
Authors: EVANS CRAIG A.
Published: April 2022

Jacob Neusner's review of John Dominic Crossan's The Historical Jesus and John P. Meier's A Marginal Jew is insightful and helpful at many points. Although Neusner is not himself a Jesus scholar, his work in rabbinica qualifies him for meaningful participation in what is a technical and difficult field of study. Neusner rightly criticizes Crossan's uncritical use of apocryphal gospels, especially with respect to Morton Smith's Secret Gospel of Mark. But Neusner infers too much from this particular controversy; Jesus research is not in a state of chaos, nor has the discipline been unable to defend itself from hucksters and sensationalists. Neusner claims too much when he accuses Crossan and Meier of defending their work on "blatantly theological grounds." Both discuss the implications that their research has for Christian faith, but the work itself is not defended on theological grounds. It is concluded that historical Jesus research is credible and necessary.
Belshazzar's Feast and the Cult of the Moon God Sîn
Authors: WOLTERS AL
Published: April 2022

Beaulieu has recently suggested that the festival which ancient sources connect with the fall of Babylon in 539 BC may have been an akītu festival in honor of the moon god Sîn. This proposal can be supported by two additional arguments. First, the dates of the festival (the 16th and 17th of Tašritu) would always have come immediately after the Harvest Moon or Hunter's Moon. Second, a Mesopotamian akītu festival celebrated in Tašritu and dedicated to the moon god appears to be the background of the Aramaic liturgy preserved in Papyrus Amherst 63. Given the religious politics of Nabonidus' last years, in which Sîn was promoted at the expense of Marduk, it is likely that a similar akītu festival took place in Babylon at the time of its fall.
Tasks of New Testament Scholarship
Authors: HENGEL MARTIN
Published: April 2022

New Testament scholarship must move beyond its current preoccupation with faddish methods (as evidenced by several variations of the so-called new literary criticism) and return to a solid grounding in history, primary source materials, archaeology, and competence in the pertinent languages. This also entails familiarity with early Judaism, the Greco-Roman world, and early patristics. The exemplary contributions of major biblical scholars of the last century are reviewed.
The Children of God and the Glory That John 1:14 Saw
Authors: KIRCHHEVEL GORDON D.
Published: April 2022

After John 1:1–3 described the Word (compare Tg. Isa 45:12) and John 1:4–10 described the light (compare Isa 60:1–2), John 1:11–13 described the unbelievers and believers as perceived in Aramaic tradition related to Isa 53:1–2a, and John 1:14 described the unique and glorious Messiah predicted in the tradition related to Isa 53:2b. He that cometh was identified as Jesus Messiah in John 1:15–17, and v. 18 asserted that the unique Son, the Father's beloved, governed for the unseen God. "Like the sucker" in Isa 53:2a was taken to refer to the believer(s), and the ambiguous simile was interpreted as like a seed sprouting (Mark 4:26–27) and as like a little child (10:15). Aramaic tradition interpreted the sucker as "the righteous," and Rom 1:16–17 argued that God's righteousness is revealed in those who "believe" the "good news," interpreting "faith" in Hab 2:4 in accordance with the faith perceived in Isa 53:1.
Jesus as Rabbi in the Fourth Gospel
Authors: KÖSTENBERGER ANDREAS J.
Published: April 2022

Studies of John's portrayal of Jesus usually focus on the Fourth Gospel's high Christology. The presentation of Jesus as rabbi tends to be attributed to the Synoptics. This trend prevails all the more since John is customarily viewed as less concerned about the historical aspects of Jesus' life than the Synoptic writers. The present study, while not contending that rabbi is the primary or exclusive designation of Jesus in John's Gospel, sets out to correct these stereotypes. It is argued that the Fourth Gospel shows that Jesus was perceived by his contemporaries primarily as a rabbi.
Approaches to and Images of Biblical Authority for the Postmodern Mind
Authors: LARKIN WILLIAM J.
Published: April 2022

Biblical authority is unintelligible, if not inimical, to the postmodern mind. Deconstructive, analytical postmodernists are hostile to any "privileging" of a text. Playful postmoderns, many persons in the broader culture, though technologically sophisticated, live "surface" lives indifferent to authority, biblical or otherwise. Constructivist postmoderns promote "Scripture free" paradigms for constructive living. Through reflection on the Bible as "sword" and "grand mural," "mirror" and "CD-ROM," "light for the path" and "map for the journey," this article seeks to commend Scripture to the postmodern mind of whatever stripe.
The State of the New Testament Canon in the Second Century: Putting Tatian's "Diatessaron" in Perspective
Authors: ALLERT CRAIG D.
Published: April 2022

In contemporary discussions of the NT canon, focus has been on its polemical aspects, that is, when it was closed. By so doing the idea of a canonical process suffers. In attempting to understand Tatian's Diatessaron in this process it is argued here that the very existence of the harmony testifies against a closed fourfold Gospel canon in the mid–second century. A proper distinction between canon and scripture is foundational in this understanding. Discussions about the closed NT canon belong to a day far removed from Tatian's. By placing Tatian's Diatessaron in the perspective of process we are less tempted to view his use of the four Gospels as proving their canonicity, a view which is anachronistic and inaccurate.
Intertextual Echoes in the Matthean Baptismal Narrative
Authors: CAPES DAVID B.
Published: April 2022

Matthew's story of Jesus' baptism provides evidence of an "Immanuel" ("God with us") Christology. In particular the first evangelist redacts Mark's account and envisages Jesus as an apocalyptic prophet according to the order of Ezekiel. Moreover, the opening of the heavens and descent of the Spirit echo Isaiah 63–64 and portray Jesus as God's answer to the petition longing for his presence and redemption. The dove image appears to have two intertextual functions: (1) to construe Jesus' baptism as the end of judgment and the beginning of new creation through the recollection of Noah's deliverance, and (2) to signal Jesus' role as sufferer through a lesserknown image of the dove as a symbol for God's suffering people.
The Preliminary Edition of the First Numbers Scroll from Naḥal Ḥever
Authors: FLINT PETER W. , ALVAREZ ANDREA E.
Published: April 2022

This article begins with the discovery of the biblical scrolls from Naḥal Ḥever near the western shore of the Dead Sea and then offers an overview of the manuscripts of the book of Numbers in all the Dead Sea Scrolls. The main section contains the preliminary edition of the first Numbers scrolls from Naḥal Ḥever, abbreviated 5/6Ḥev/Numa. The edition is in three parts: contents and physical description; palaeography and other features; and a transcription (including notes). The article closes with a complete index of all the Ṇumbers passages in the Dead Sea Scrolls.
2 Kings 3: History or Historical Fiction?
Authors: SPRINKLE JOE M.
Published: April 2022

It has become fashionable in recent decades for biblical scholars, sometimes termed "biblical minimalists," to deny thoroughly the historicity of virtually all biblical narratives. 2 Kings 3 has not escaped this trend to repudiate reconstructions that harmonize the biblical account with extrabiblical data, in this case with the Mesha Inscription (Moabite Stone). Rather, such minimalists label 2 Kings 3 "historical fiction" with the emphasis on fiction and see little genuine history in the chapter. This paper examines the arguments of biblical minimalists concerning 2 Kings 3 in comparison with the Mesha Inscription and presents what can be termed a "historical maximalist" response for this story, evaluating the arguments of the minimalists while providing a positive historical reconstruction of this period on "maximalist" assumptions. It is concluded that a reconstruction that takes both 2 Kings 3 and the Mesha Inscription as essentially accurate history is possible, and that the objections raised by historical minimalists to such a reconstruction, though not without weight, are by no means conclusive. Hence, historical maximalism for 2 Kings 3 appears to be a viable option.
The Background of the "Son of God" Text
Authors: COLLINS JOHN J.
Published: April 2022

E. M. Cook has proposed that the background of 4Q246 is to be found in Akkadian prophecies (BBR 5 [1995] 43–66). This interesting suggestion has the merit of expanding the horizons of the discussions, but it is not ultimately persuasive. 4Q246 has far closer parallels, both in its visionary genre and in actual phraseology, in the Book of Daniel. The argument that the "son of God" should be understood as a negative figure is in no way corroborated by the alleged Akkadian parallels. The argument still depends on the assumption that there is a single turning point in the text, and that everything before it is negative. This assumption is not warranted by comparison with other apocalyptic texts. By far the closest parallel to the language of 4Q246 about the "son of God" is found in the Gospel of Luke, where the "son of God" is associated with "the throne of David his father" and so is explicitly messianic.
Greco-Roman Textuality and the Gospel of Mark: A Critical Assessment of Werner Kelber's "The Oral and the Written Gospel"
Authors: HURTADO L. W.
Published: April 2022

Werner Kelber's The Oral and the Written Gospel set forth an ambitious and bold thesis concerning the Gospel of Mark as the revolutionary document that subverted the "orality" of the pre-Markan Jesus tradition and replaced it with "textuality." However, his characterizations of the nature of orality and textuality are not appropriate for the Greco-Roman setting of Mark and his proposal cannot, therefore, serve us well in understanding the appearance of the written Gospels and the intentions behind them. In this essay two main matters not given enough attention in previous assessments of Kelber's study are discussed: (1) the nature of Greco-Roman literacy, and (2) several relevant aspects of textuality in the Greco-Roman period, with particular reference to the Gospel of Mark.
Comparing the Traditions: New Testament and Rabbinic Literature
Authors: SALDARINI ANTHONY J.
Published: April 2022

Data from Rabbinic Literature have often been used to illuminate details of New Testament thought and the realia of the texts. Arguments over the proper method for interpreting and using Rabbinic Literature in New Testament study have gradually forced New Testament scholars to take Judaism seriously in its synchronic and diachronic diversity. The increasingly critical and full historical picture of Second Temple and early Rabbinic Judaism and of the Jesus movement and early Christianity emerging from Judaism invites interpreters to read the texts valued by each tradition in the light of one another. This requires recognizing the sharp theological and polemical boundaries erected by thinkers in each tradition as significant claims to truth and authenticity which gave shape to their communities. Equally, we must recognize that such boundaries, with their conflicting theological, ideological, and historical claims, reflect human ideals, needs, and conflicts that emerged from a more homogeneous and shared tradition of thought and practice. Reading texts from both the Rabbinic and early Christian tradition together, with full attention to the integrity of each, does justice to the shared context and valued particularities of each.
Circumcision in the Hebrew Bible and Targums: Theology, Rhetoric, and the Handling of Metaphor
Authors: DEROUCHIE JASON S.
Published: April 2022

In the Hebrew Bible, circumcision terminology is often used figuratively for anything that is opposed to Israel's God. Because Israel alone among all the peoples of the ancient world amputated the foreskin during the rite, prophetic rhetoric could characterize any hostility to the Lord with "foreskin" language. In rendering the Hebrew, the official targums were quick to substitute nonliteral, more concrete equivalents for the metaphorical circumcision terminology. Consequently, while the targums generally capture the voice and perspective of their parent text, they at times miss the full theological substance and cutting rhetorical jab contained therein.
"The Disciple Jesus Loved": Witness, Author, Apostle — A Response to Richard Bauckham's Jesus and the Eyewitnesses
Authors: KÖSTENBERGER ANDREAS J. , STOUT STEPHEN O.
Published: April 2022

Richard Bauckham's Jesus and the Eyewitnesses: The Gospels as Eyewitness Testimony (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2006) makes a persuasive argument that the Gospels display eyewitness testimony and thus renews the quest for the identity of the Beloved Disciple as the author of the Fourth Gospel. While Bauckham attributes this Gospel to "the presbyter John" mentioned by Papias, the authors of this study show that the patristic evidence more likely seems to support the authorship of John the apostle and that the literary device of inclusio in the Fourth Gospel, astutely observed by Bauckham, also favors the authorship of John the son of Zebedee.
Jewish Opposition to Christians in Asia Minor in the First Century
Authors: SCHNABEL ECKHARD J.
Published: April 2022

This study examines the reasons for the opposition of the Jews of Roman Asia Minor to the Jewish Christian missionaries and their teaching. It will be seen that while theological convictions played a significant role, the opposition in the local synagogues cannot be explained only with reference to the Jews' zeal for the law and for the purity of the Jewish community. The available evidence, particularly of Josephus, suggests that the Jews of Asia Minor were concerned to preserve the social and political rights and privileges that they had enjoyed since Julius Caesar, which had come under pressure in different places at different times and which would be threatened if pagans joined the community without being asked to submit to circumcision and to other Jewish traditions such as the food laws. Concerns about the financial viability of the local Jewish community and about the relationship with the Jewish commonwealth in Judea may have played a role as well.
The Purpose and Preservation of the Jesus Tradition: Moderate Evidence for a Conserving Force in Its Transmission
Authors: Bird Michael F.
Published: April 2022

An important preface to historical Jesus research involves formulating a theory of the transmission of the traditions underlying the Gospels. Scholarship frequently exhibits either an inherent skepticism toward trying to uncover how this tradition was handled or else is saturated with multiple proposals concerning the means of its formation. In any event, important questions to be asked include what purpose the Jesus tradition had in early Christian circles and what factors or controls may have enabled that tradition to be preserved effectively. In this study I address questions of this sort and, with careful qualification, contend that the Jesus tradition probably had a variety of functions in the early church, and there were several reasons why the words and deeds of Jesus may have been consciously preserved.
The Kingdom of Heaven in Kindred Systems, Judaic and Christian
Authors: NEUSNER JACOB
Published: April 2022

"Kingdom of Heaven" figures prominently in one Judaic system, forms part of the background of another, and plays no role whatsoever in a third, which makes possible the comparison and contrast of Judaisms. What is at stake in this exercise is how and whether "Kingdomk of Heaven" functions as a category-formation in the Aggadic theology as it does in the Evangelists' account of Jesus' teaching adn the media framed to bear that message. In Aggadic and Halakic contexts, by contrast, the theme of God's rule pervades, but the particularization of that theme as "Kingdom of Heaven" forms no more than an inert category-formation, one that figures as part of the background of ideas that everywhere inhere but nowhere take an active, generative role.
"God So Near": An Examination of the Ancient Near Eastern Setting for Deuteronomy 4:7 and קרבים
Authors: BRICKER DANIEL P.
Published: April 2022

According to Deut 4:7, Israel has a deity who is "near." While most studies that include this passage address other matters, almost none of them explore the meaning or background of the concept of "nearness" (קרבים). The purpose of this article is to examine the Hebrew root קרב, the ancient Near Eastern background of the "nearness" of the deities, and the interpretation of Deut 4:7 as a result of these findings and to explore what made or brought God "near."
The Great Commission as the Climax of Matthew's Mountain Scenes
Authors: ROGERS TRENT
Published: April 2022

Many have attempted an explanation of the mountain setting of the Great Commission, but existing proposals fail to account for both the situation of the Matthean community and the use of mountain scenes in the Gospel. This article reads Matthew's Gospel in light of Jewish opposition to the community's proclamation of Jesus, an opposition that likely reasserted the preeminence of Moses' authority and teaching. The mountain of the Great Commission serves as the culmination of the convergence of the Son of God and Moses themes throughout the Gospel in which Matthew argues that Jesus, Son of God is the only one to whom the community owes worship and obedience.
Desiring God: The Blood of the Covenant in Exodus 24
Authors: PEELER AMY L. B.
Published: April 2022

The ritual depicted in Exod 24 stands as one of the most unusual in Israel's Scriptures. Moses tosses sacrificial blood on the entire congregation in the midst of confirming God's covenant with them. Multiple theories have arisen for the possible meaning or function of this striking ritual act. This essay argues for the use of a narrative method to understand this event better in light of the events that precede and follow it. When viewed in the context of Exodus as a whole, the application of the blood on the congregation does serve to seal the covenant and consecrate the people, as others have argued. In light of the use of blood in Israel and other ancient Near Eastern cultures, however, the application of blood also serves to create an expectation and desire for the immediate nearness of God.
A Passionate Prophet: Reading Emotions in the Book of Malachi
Authors: CLENDENEN E. RAY
Published: April 2022

This article examines evidence of Malachi's interest in uncovering the audience's emotional state and of using various strategies to affect those emotions. One effect of this "emotional reading" is to dig deeper into motives and to get a fuller picture of the original situation than is usually obtained. It also demonstrates the author was aware of the close, even overlapping relationship between thought, emotions, attitudes, and behavior.
Reconsidering the Authorship of Colossians
Authors: PASCUZZI MARIA A.
Published: April 2022

The dispute over the authorship of Colossians only began in the 19th century with the modern critical investigation of its language and style. Since then, further objections have been raised against the letter's authenticity, and today at least 50 percent of NT scholars consider the letter pseudonymous. Although it cannot be disproved that Colossians is pseudonymous, various considerations set forth in this essay converge to suggest that the argument for Colossians' authenticity has greater plausibility.
The Spiritual Powers of Ephesians 6:10–18 in the Light of African Pentecostal Spirituality
Authors: Adewuya J. Ayodeji
Published: April 2022

Ephesians 6:10–18 remains one of the most important passages in the Pauline corpus that deals with the issue of spiritual warfare. Yet the referents of the spiritual powers remain somewhat unclear due to the differences in the continental world views of various interpreters. This article, in addition to reviewing some current hermeneutical approaches, suggests there is a shared understanding of the African Pentecostal world view of spirits with that of Eph 6:10–18. It cautions against an uncritical application of Paul's teaching.
Anticipatory Effects around Proposed Regulation: Evidence from Basel III
Authors: Hendricks Bradley E. , Neilson Jed J. , Shakespeare Catherine , Williams Christopher D.
Published: April 2022

Regulation is often proposed, developed, and finalized over a lengthy rule-making period prior to its adoption. We examine the period over which banking authorities discussed, adopted, and implemented Basel III to understand how firms respond to proposed regulation. We find evidence to suggest that affected banks not only lobbied rule-makers against it but also made strategic financial reporting changes and altered their business models in ways that reduced their exposure to the proposed rule prior to rule-makers finalizing the regulation. Further, our results indicate a sequential response, with banks responding through lobbying and strategic financial reporting prior to making business model changes. These findings highlight the interplay among firms’ financial reporting, business model, and political choices in response to proposed regulation and indicate that the appropriate date for an event study may be the regulation’s announcement date rather than its adoption or implementation dates.

JEL Classifications: G14; G21; G28; M41; M48.
Caustic Ingestion
Authors: Vilchez-Madrigal Luis D. , Jimenez Gabriela , Wolter Nikolaus E.
Published: April 2022

Caustic ingestions are rare, life-threatening injuries with life-long consequences. Injury can occur anywhere from the lips to stomach but tends to be most severe in the esophagus. Aspiration of caustic substances can lead to laryngeal or tracheobronchial injury and airway compromise. Caustic injuries come in two main varieties: acidic and alkaline-induced injuries. The type and state of agent determines in part the location of injury and depth of injury. Management consists of comprehensive evaluation and stabilization and must consider airway safety. Endoscopic evaluation and staging of the esophagus should be done within 24 hours of ingestion but not before 6 hours. Nasogastric tube placement should be considered based on the stage of the injury. Antibiotics, acid-suppressants, and corticosteroids may have a roll for certain patients but must be determined on an individual basis. Long-term follow up is required to monitor for strictures and patients with caustic esophageal injury are at increased risk of esophageal carcinoma. This review will help both junior and senior Otolaryngology residents recognize, evaluate and manage causing ingestions in pediatric patients.
This review contains figures, tables, and references
Keywords: Caustic ingestion, acid, alkali, endoscopic grading, strictures, mitomycin C, balloon dilatation
Survival Rate of CAD–CAM Endocrowns Performed by Undergraduate Students
Authors: Munoz-Sanchez ML , Bessadet M , Lance C , Bonnet G , Veyrune JL , Nicolas E , Hennequin M , Decerle N
Published: April 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the success of computer-aided design–computer-aided manufacturing (CAD–CAM) endocrown restorations of endodontically treated teeth (ETT) performed by supervised undergraduate students. The study also intended to identify possible factors that may lead to failures.

Methods and Materials: This observational open cohort study was based on clinical data from endocrown restorations performed by residents and undergraduate students in their 4th, 5th, and 6th year from July 2011 to May 2018. The presence of a tooth with an endocrown on the arch was the main criteria used to calculate the survival rate of restored teeth. The quality of the remaining endocrowns was evaluated referring to the FDI criteria. The cases of failure were categorized into either favorable or unfavorable.

Results: A total of 343 ETT were restored with endocrowns in 315 patients. Among them, 199 patients encompassing 225 endocrowns were followed during a 56 ± 26 month period. The survival rate of restored teeth was found to be 81.8%, the estimated Kaplan–Meier survival rate being 71.8% at 9 years. Among the 41 failed cases, 32 were favorable (debonding and/or ceramic fractures) and 9 were unfavorable.

Conclusion: Endocrown restorations of posterior ETT using CAD–CAM technologies could be carried out by undergraduates with a low risk of failure. Teacher supervision could be reinforced, covering all steps of each endocrown procedure in order to avoid failures due to insufficient thickness or loss of retention.
Evaluation of Tooth Sensitivity of In-office Bleaching with Different Light Activation Sources: A Systematic Review and a Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Moran BM , Ziegelmann PK , Berger SB , Burey A , de Paris Matos T , Fernández E , Loguercio AD , Reis A
Published: April 2022

Objectives:

A systematic review and network meta-analysis were performed to answer the following research question: Are there differences in the risk and the intensity of tooth sensitivity (TS) among eight light activation systems for in-office bleaching in adults?

Methods:

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared at least two different in-office bleaching light activations were included. The risk of bias (RoB) was evaluated with the RoB tool version 1.0 from the Cochrane Collaboration tool. A random-effects Bayesian mixed treatment comparison (MTC) model was used independently for high- and low-concentration hydrogen peroxide. The certainty of the evidence was evaluated using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations) approach. A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, Bridge Base Online (BBO), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature database (LILACS), Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and grey literature without date and language restrictions on April 23, 2017 (updated on September 26, 2019). Dissertations and theses, unpublished and ongoing trials registries, and IADR (International Association for Dental Research) abstracts (2001–2019) were also searched.

Results:

After title and abstract screening and the removal of duplicates, 32 studies remained. Six were considered to be at low RoB, three had high RoB, and the remaining had an unclear RoB. The MTC analysis showed no significant differences among the treatments in each network. In general, the certainty of the evidence was graded as low due to unclear RoB and imprecision.

Conclusion:

There is no evidence that the risk and intensity of TS are affected by light activation during in-office bleaching.
Full Costing Method Model and Variable Costing Method Against Cement Price Determination (Case in Indonesia)
Authors: Ratnasih Cicih , Sulbahri Rifani Akbar
Published: April 2022

This research discusses the effect of calculating the price of production pokok based on the full costing method and the variable costing method on cement price determination (case in Indonesia). The purpose of the study is to get results from the two variables above, which is more influential on the price of cement. In this research method compares certain phenomena so that it is a comparative study. Comparative research is research that compares the presence of one or more variables on two or more different samples, or at different times. The results showed that the results of the hypothesis test regarding the influence of the Full Costing Method and the Variable Costing Method on the price of cement simultaneously obtained the result that the probability value (Test F) was 0.000666 and the magnitude of the coefficient of determination was 0. 727031. This means that the Full Costing Method and the Variable Costing Method simultaneously have a significant effect on the Selling Price of cement with a contribution value of 72.70%, thus the cost of production based on both methods needs to be considered. While the comparison is more likely to the variable costing method than the full costing method.
Analysis of Production Transition Loss Ratio as Production Planning Performance Indicator in PT Mandom Indonesia Tbk
Authors: Muhammad Fuad Azhar
Published: April 2022

As one of the famous cosmetic manufacturers in Indonesia, and also as part of Mandom Group that support global demand, PT Mandom Indonesia Tbk has up to 2.500 product variants adapting domestic and international regulations with an average of 500 variants were being produced in a month. Because there are differences between each variant, adjustment setting between each transition is mandatory. This condition is worsened due to previous policy which made a product could be produced up to three times a month. With no clear controlling method, the production planning division creates a production schedule without considering thoroughly the time loss caused by transition activities and so the loss caused by the stop of production due to transition is also tripled up to 1.800 transitions in a month. Within this paper, author would like to describe a solution that has already been tested within the company which is one-phase production planning. One-phase production planning is a method developed by author to design a production schedule based on transition priority level in order to reduce transition activities as much as possible. The method is adopting the basic principle of OEE and is improved based on the company condition so it could be implemented easily and gave a positive impact on the company. Transition activities were divided into three categories which are washing transition, part changing transition, and small setting transition. Those transitions were tested by using SPC method and analyzed to determine which transition should be prioritized. To maintain the objectivity of the project result, a new monitoring tool for production planning performance has been created which is the transition loss ratio. Transition loss ratio is a simplified calculation method customized for PT Mandom Indonesia Tbk that visualizes the amount of loss by presenting it in the percentage of the total scheduled value. One-phase production policy has been tested for two months with the result of reducing transition loss from 9.5% to 7.5% which equals to 14,2 Billion Indonesian Rupiah (±>$984,000) in a year.
Effects of Cow Horn Particulates as Addictive on Microstructure, Tensile and Compressive Properties of Recycled Aluminium Alloy
Authors: Oguntuase Musa , Adeyemi Gbenga Joshua , Stephen Joseph Temitope
Published: April 2022

In the recent time, the development of low cost metal alloys reinforced with waste materials such as agricultural waste and industrial waste has been one of the major innovations in the area of material science. Aluminium scraps were used as raw material and reinforced with locally available inexpensive cow horn particulate (CHp) of 3, 6, 9 and 12% by weight to develop a new material in the present study. The microstructure view was studied using optical microscope for analysing the distribution of CHp. The tensile and compressive strengths were studied for the reinforced CHp aluminium alloy. The results revealed that the tensile and compressive strengths values increase as the CHp increases and falls when the weight proportion reaches 12% due to poor wettability. Increment of 10.1%, 19.2%, 29.4% and 8.7% in tensile strength and 13.3%, 31.2%, 43.2% and 12.7% in the compressive strength were recorded for addition of 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% CHp reinforcement, respectively. The microstructure examination shows that the control sample contained fine, packed and shining grained structure while the CHp reinforced aluminium alloy contained less packed, dull with some inclusion grained structure. The inclusion and dull surface of the grains was observed increases as the percentages of the cow horn particles added increased. The spectrographic analysis conducted to determine the chemical compositions of all the specimens, showed various elements present in control sample and CHp reinforced aluminium alloy. Aluminium is in the range 91.3-93.0%, followed by silicon with 4.36-5.01%, other elements present include iron, copper, magnesium, manganese, chromium, nickel, zinc, titanium, lead, and others.
A New Managerial Approach to the Judiciary in India: Critical Review of the Irrational Bureaucratic Structure and a Call for Change
Authors: Kumar Sumit
Published: April 2022

The structure of Indian Judiciary is very similar to the common law British structure and it was designed to be exploitative in nature. It being a power institution that constitutes a part of the modern state, Indian Judiciary not only exercises authority over all of India it is also at the same time a democratic institution. The structure of the colonial euro-centric institutions is such that the locus and focus of responsibility can never be realised at the same time and at the same place. This naturally creates the paradox in institutional responsibility which is a natural consequence of irrational bureaucratic structure within the institution of judiciary.
The first half of this paper starts critically reviewing the problems facing the Judiciary in India from the point of view of its euro-centric structure and the various malaise that this irrational structure results into. In the second half the paper reviews and recommends the application of New maanagerial philosophies to the structural aspects of Indian Judiciary with the aim of structurally rationalising it.
Alternate Democratic Institutions Panchayats of India: Away from the Western Ideas of Democracy
Authors: Kumar Sumit
Published: April 2022

It is a fallacy to believe that democracy originated in Ancient Greece, it wasn’t truly democratic by todays’ standards, however it was something that philosophers and thinkers of the enlightenment could hark back upon to deliver us the modern concept of western democracy. Indeed, it is a western democracy only and not a true world democracy that it should be, it failed to consider the democratic traditions that have existed all across human civilizations past and present, Institutions that have existed through millennia and continue to do so. The thinkers of western Europe used the romantic ideas of Greek democracy and tried to create an alternative to the despotic monarchies that existed at that time in Europe, but all they managed to do was substitute heredity with elections, the power institutions of the government as they were during the reign of monarchs continue to remain bureaucratic and powerful.
This paper tries to examine the alternative institutional structure of Panchayats by looking at the cases of two Pani Panchayats, one Van Panchayat, one Kashtkari Panchayat and the Khap Panchayats of North West India; how they have evolved historically, and how and why are they socially embedded creating a natural basis for establishing direct democracy at the grassroots level. Upon the investigation of the above cases, it is found that not only do Panchayats divide and decentralise the exercise of power, but it also provides indigenous institutional legitimacy to such exercise. It enhances the participation of not just all, but more specifically the participation of the marginalised sections of the society (women and untouchables) in their local decision-making processes. The examination of the Khap Panchayats and their historical evolution also points to the fact that social institution of Panchayats is not perfect, and they require rationalised restructuring in order to achieve its goal of establishing truly democratic institution at the grassroots level. Finally concluding that a socially embedded democratic institution like the Panchayat in India that has evolved with the society itself is a more suitable democratic institution, which can form the basis of a truly responsible democratic government.
FEATURES OF BREAST EXCURSION INDICATORS FOR HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS
Authors: Karatieieva S. , Slobodian O. , Moseychuk Yu. , Lavriv L. , Baidiuk M. , Goy P.
Published: April 2022

Analysis of the results of a study conducted on 129 ﬁ rst and second year students of higher educational institutions in Chernivtsi, aged 16 to 21, who were divided into the main – 89 (69%) and the control group – 40 (31%), by determining the excursion of the chest (the diﬀ erence between the circumference at maximum inspiration and maximum expiration, where the high is 10.0 or more, the average is 5.0-9.9, the low is 4.9 and less than 10), in order to study and analyze the indicators of the excursion for further use in sports selection, showed that the students of the main group had a signiﬁ cantly larger number with a high level of excursions – 30 (33.7%), in contrast to students of the control group, where students with a high level of mobility had only – 5 (12.5%). And vice versa, among the students of the main group, a low level of excursion was noted in a small number – 6 (6.7%), while in the control group this indicator was – 8 (20%) of the studied. Also, when analyzing the results of the study of chest mobility indicators among students of the main group, it was noted that the highest level of excursions studied were the largest among football and volleyball players, somewhat less tennis, ﬁ tness, basketball and free wrestling players.So, the results of the breast excursion can be taken into account in the professional sports perspective of students, specialties related to physical culture and sports, sports schools and more. And also especially to consider when referring an athlete to a speciﬁ c sport.
ACQUISITION OF PRACTICAL SKILLS UNDER CONDITIONS OF EMERGENCY CARE IN CHILDREN’S PULMONOLOGY
Authors: Bodnar В. , Slobodian O. , Bodnar O. , Sokolnyk S. , Khashchuk V. , Vatamanescu L. , Salatsky V. , Chebanov V.
Published: April 2022

A retrospective analysis of medical histories of 121 children diagnosed with destructive pneumonia of various localizations and various degrees of complications, who were treated in the surgical department of Chernivtsi City Children’s Clinical Hospital in the period from January 1, 2016 to January 1, 2020. From 121 children, 67 boys (54.4%), 54 girls (44.6%), 62 had right- sided pneumonia (52.2%), 46 left-handed (38%), 13 bilateral (10.8%) bilateral, pulmonary -pleural complications 61 (50.4%), thoracentesis 39 (32%), drainage 22 (18%), the average age of children was 8.1 years.The results show that in the last 5 years in Chernivtsi region the frequency of pulmonary pleural complications in children with destructive lung diseases has increased, which in turn requires rapid diagnosis and resolution of the optimal treatment option by general surgeons.
GAZING AT ‘THE-YOU-KNOW-WHO/WHAT’ IN WHATSAPP: DEIXIS USED IN ONLINE LEARNING AMID COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Sugianto Ahmad , Muslim Ahmad Bukhori
Published: April 2022

WhatsApp, as one of the most powerful and ubiquitous social media platforms, has become one of the promising tools utilized for English online learning during the current crisis, COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, interacting effectively via this platform might be challenging for messages communicated to this platform might have more than one meaning that is likely to result in misunderstanding among the users. Thus, understanding deixis, known as one of the interactional phenomena in which language and context can be figured out, is invaluable. Nevertheless, to the best of the writers’ knowledge, studies concerning the use of deixis with respect to WhatsApp for English online learning are still left under-researched. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the deixis employed during online learning via a WhatsApp group. The method utilized in this research was a descriptive study. Besides, the participants comprised 23 postgraduate students and an instructor from an English Education Study Program of one university in Bandung city. The data were taken from the artefact in the form of an online chat archive.  Based on the data analyzed, the findings revealed that all the types of deixis encompassing personal, social, discourse, place, and time deixis were found in online learning through the WhatsApp application. In this regard, the person(al) deixis (46%) was the most frequently used deixis, followed by social (39%), discourse (8%), place (5%), and time deixis (2%), respectively. Moreover, the appropriate and effective use of deixis by the instructor was found to influence students’ engagement and critical thinking ability. Besides, the WhatsApp feature, emojis, was found to be utilized along with the deixis, as well as it assists in providing some emphasis, understanding of the messages conveyed, and showing respect or compliment among the participants.
GAMBARAN PSIKOLOGIS TOKOH DALAM KUMPULAN CERPEN SEPOTONG HATI YANG BARU KARYA TERE LIYE
Authors: Samad Sartika , Gay Masayu , Alumu Wa Ode Murima La Ode Alumu
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkapkan psikologis tokoh dalam buku Sepotong Hati yang Baru (SHB) yang disorot dari aspek id, ego, dan super ego. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian analisis konten. Data penelitian berupa kata, frasa, dan kalimat, yang bersumber dari buku SHB karya Tere Liye, berjumlah 206 halaman. Analisi dilakukan dengan perekaman/pencatatan data, selanjutnya proses inferensi dan analisis. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan unsur id, ego, maupun super ego sama-sama muncul dalam novel SHB. Akan tetapi, kehadiran dimensi id terkadang dapat dipahami melalui unsur ego dan super ego. Artinya, ada peristiwa psikis satu yang tidak muncul secara tekstual, tetapi dapat dipahami karena ada peristiwa dua. Dengan demikian, untuk memahami unsur id harus dilihat sebagai proses yang memiliki hubungan sebab-akibat.
Analisis Struktural dalam Kumpulan puisi "Kerikil Tajam dan Yang Terampas dan Yang Putus"karya Chairil Anwar serta Relevansinya terhadap pembelajaran bahasa indonesia di SMA
Authors: Yuliatun Khomsatun , D Yusra , Salim Agus
Published: April 2022

PPenenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan struktur pembangun puisi dalam kumpulan “Kerikil Tajam dan Yaang Terampas dan Yang Putus” Karya Chairil Anwar Serta Relevansinya Terhadap Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di SMA. Data penelitian ini adalah berupa kata, kutipan dan kalimat dalam kumpulan tersebut. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah buku kumpulan  Puisi Kerikil Tajam dan Yang Terhempas dan Yang Putus karya Chairil Anwar yang diterbitan pada tahun 2020 oleh penerbit NARASI. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik studi pustaka, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan melakukan teknik pembacaan terpadu secara komprehensif terhadap objek kajian yaitu 43 judul puisi. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah model Miles and Huberman. Pengujian keabsahan data yang digunakan adalah triangulasi. Dari hasil penelitian, 43 puisi dalam kumpulan ini dapat digunakan sebagai bahan ajar, karena unsur pembangun yang terdapat di dalam kumpulan puisi karya Chairil Anwar cukup lengkap,yaitu duksi, citraan, kata konkret, majas, verifikasi, tipografi, tema, nada, perasaan, dan amanat. Kelengkapan unsur pembangun dalam puisi  menjadi berpengaruh dalam pemilihan bahan ajar oleh pendidik, karena dalam KD 3.17 Menganalisis unsur pembangun puisi terdapat indikator yang mengharuskan peserta didik untuk mampu memahami dan menganalisis unsur pembangun dalam puisi, kemudian berdasarkan tingkat kesulitan, puisi karya Chairil Anwar tidak begitu sulit, hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil wawancara yang dilakukan dengan guru bahasa Indonesia kelas X,  bahasa yang digunakan penyair  dalam kumpulan puisi ini dapat dipahami oleh pembaca sehingga layak dijadikan pertimbangan oleh pendidik dalam pemilihan bahan ajar di SMA. Kata Kunci: Struktur puisi, pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia, SMA