bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heuristics for the connected assignment problem in arrays
Authors: Campêlo Manoel , Soares Joel C. , Maciel Tarcisio F. , Lima F. Rafael M.
Published: August 2019

Given a set I of symbols, a set J of positions of an array, a gain value for allocating to , the connected assignment problem in arrays (CAPA) is the problem consisting in finding an assignment of one symbol i to each position j so as to maximize the sum of the gains under the constraint such that repeated symbols are adjacent in the array. CAPA has a direct application in radio resource allocation (RRA) in the uplink of the modern fourth‐generation (4G) wireless communication networks. We show that CAPA is NP‐hard. We present two integer linear programming formulations for CAPA and propose four heuristic solutions. They are compared using Monte Carlo simulations to generate instances compatible with a 4G system scenario as well as random instances based on a uniform distribution of the gains.
Environmental Factors Associated with Chinese Older Immigrants' Social Engagement
Authors: Lai Daniel W.L. , Li Jia , Lee Vincent W.P. , Dong XinQi
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND/ OBJECTIVES

Prior research has shown that social engagement is beneficial to older adults' health and well‐being. This study examined the association between environmental factors and social engagement of older Chinese immigrants in the United States.

SAMPLE

A cross‐sectional data set of Chinese immigrants in the greater Chicago, IL, area (Population Study of Chinese Elderly; n = 3159), was used in this study.

DESIGN

Multiple regression models were used to test the associations between older adults' engagement in cognitive and social activities and environmental factors, including financial difficulties, social support, neighborhood cohesion, neighborhood disorder, and sense of community.

MEASUREMENT

Eight questions measuring participants' engagement in cognitive and social activities, a single‐item question measuring financial difficulties, a 12‐item social support measurement, an eight‐item neighborhood cohesion measurement, and a six‐item neighborhood disorder and sense of community scale.

RESULTS

Having fewer financial difficulties and a cohesive neighborhood is related to a higher level of engagement in both cognitive and social activities. More social support from family and friends and a sense of community are associated with higher levels of social activities engagement, but not cognitive activity engagement. Neighborhood cohesion has a stronger association with social engagement than other environmental factors and most individual‐level factors. Surprisingly, neighborhood disorder is positively related to social activity engagement, which needs further examination. The associations between environmental factors and social engagement showed no significant difference between healthy and unhealthy older adults.

CONCLUSION

This study highlights the need for policies and programs to promote an active lifestyle among older immigrants by creating facilitative social and physical environments. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:S571–S576, 2019.
Flooding regime drives tree community structure in Neotropical dry forests
Authors: Araújo Felipe De Carvalho , Tng David Yue Phin , Apgaua Deborah Mattos Guimaraes , Morel Jean Daniel , Pereira Diego Gualberto Sales , Santos Paola Ferreira , Santos Rubens Manoel dos
Published: August 2019

Questions

Riverine and associated vegetation communities are periodically affected by floods. However, there have been few quantitative studies on the structural responses of Neotropical tree communities in semi‐arid regions to this perturbance. Here, we ask whether flooding regimes and soil attributes affect tree species diversity, composition, community structure, and soil attributes in Neotropical dry forests.

Locations

Southeast Brazil.

Methods

We sampled 120 forest plots of 400 m² totaling 4.8 ha across four tributaries of the São Francisco River with plots situated in areas representing three flooding regimes: (a) annually flooded; (b) occasionally flooded; and (c) never subjected to flooding. Using linear mixed‐effects models, we modelled how flooding regime and soil properties (fertility and texture) affect vegetation diversity (species richness), species composition and structural attributes (abundance of individuals, above‐ground biomass [AGB], and a community‐weighted trait average of multistemness [CWMms]) of these forest plots.

Results

Species richness in the annually flooded forests was significantly lower than in occasionally flooded or never flooded forests, in agreement with our models, which showed that flooding regime was a significant predictor for this variable. Flooding regime was a significant predictor of CWMms, with plots in annually flooded forest sites having the highest CWMms values. Soil chemical attributes were a significant predictor of AGB across all plots but not between flooding regime categories.

Conclusions

In Neotropical dry forests, environmental filters established by flooding can lead to differences among distinct biomes in vegetation structure, diversity patterns as well as system productivity. Conservation strategies for dry forests should therefore take these factors into consideration. Our study also highlights annually flooded dry forest as a significant component of the regional diversity of dry forests deserving of management attention.
The metrics and poetics of historical drama
Authors: Pikkanen Ilona
Published: August 2019

This article analyses four history plays, published between 1837 and 1869 in Sweden and Finland, and asks how the playwrights of the early nineteenth century represented the same premodern episode: the unsuccessful peasant uprising called the Club War (1596–1597). The focus is on the plays’ dramatis personae, and the article will make comparable suggestions of the themes and topics each protagonist brings to the stage. The article studies literary factors that contributed to the persistent afterlife and continuous cultural resonance of these dramatic events, and addresses the dynamics between historical fiction and scholarly history in the production of collectively meaningful pasts. As one of the results the paper demonstrates that a somewhat surprising historical hero surfaced when the 1590s were adapted in the context of a new nationalism. Methodologically the article combines computational distant reading and more traditional close reading to disclose the core characters of each play individually, and, taken together, of the early fictional ‘story space’ of the event. The article argues that even such small‐scale investigations can benefit from the systematic analytical tools offered by digital humanities that can reveal wholly new facets of the texts that more traditional literary history may overlook.
Efficacy of a Modified Scoring System to Facilitate Surgical Decision‐making for Diaphyseal Malignancies: When is Devitalized Tumor‐bearing Autograft of Value?
Authors: Chen Yu , Yu Xiu‐chun
Published: August 2019

Objectives

To evaluate the validity of a modified scoring system (MSS) for inferring the bony quality of tumor‐bearing diaphyses and predicting the risk of reconstructive failure after devitalized bone replantation (DBR).

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, we reviewed the records of 30 patients surgically treated for diaphyseal malignancies between 1996 and 2015. There were 18 male and 12 female subjects; the average age was 34.0 ± 24.5 years (8–82 years). Tumor locations comprised the femur (21), the humerus (4), the tibia (3), the radius (1), and the fibula (1). Histological diagnoses included osteosarcoma (13), metastases (4), Ewing sarcoma (3), chondrosarcoma (3), malignant fibrohistiocytoma (2), periosteal osteosarcoma (1), Langerhans cell sarcoma (1), lymphoma (1), rhabdomyosarcoma (1), and malignant giant cell tumor (1). All primary tumors were rated as stage IIB. Twenty patients underwent DBR. Prosthetic procedures and segmental autografting/allografting were performed in 7 and 3 cases, respectively. MSS (comprising 5 elements: pain, tumor location, bone destruction, localized dimension, and longitudinal dimension) for each patient was calculated in accordance with their preoperative presentations. Outcome measurements included oncological results, outcomes of reconstructions, complications, and functional preservation, presented using the musculoskeletal tumor society (MSTS) scale.

Results

Follow up was available in 29 cases for an average duration of 61.0 ± 49.9 months (12–152 months). Infection occurred in 2 patients (6.9%), primary nonunion in 6 (27.3%), metastases in 9 (31.9%), recurrences in 4 (13.8%), and deaths in 7 (24.1%); 1 subject underwent amputation due to recurrence following endoprosthetic replacement (3.4%). In the DBR group, fractures occurred in 4 cases (21.1%) and nonunion in 5 (25%); internal fixation was related to nonunion (nails, 44.4% vs plates, 9.1%, P = 0.02). MSS was associated with fractures of devitalized autografts (11.0 ± 1.2 vs 8.3 ± 1.8, P = 0.01); the system was efficacious in predicting chances of fractures of these grafts (P = 0.02). MSS ≥ 10 (with false positive rate ≤ 6.7%) suggested increased fracture probability (≥22.7%) after DBR; therefore, 10 was considered a cutoff value.

Conclusions

Diaphyseal malignancies with MSS ≥10 may contraindicate DBR for increased chances of reconstructive failure. In this situation, alternative procedures are advisable. Further investigations are warranted to assess the efficacy of MSS in implying the validity of DBR for diaphyseal malignancies.
Adam Smith's “tolerable administration of justice” and the Wealth of Nations
Authors: Irwin Douglas A.
Published: August 2019

Adam Smith argues that a country’s income depends on its labor productivity, which in turn hinges on the division of labor. But why are some countries able to take advantage of the division of labor and become rich, while others fail to do so and remain poor? Smith describes how the security of property rights, through a “tolerable administration of justice,” allows investment and exchange to take place, bringing about economic progress. Recent empirical work on economic development has supported Smith’s emphasis on a country’s political “institutions,” particularly the judiciary, in determining its national income.
Trends in return behavior after an adverse event in Australian whole blood and plasma donors
Authors: Thijsen Amanda , Masser Barbara , Gemelli Carley N. , Davison Tanya E.
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND

This study examined the impact of donor adverse events (DAEs) on plasma donor return and compared these against trends in whole blood (WB) donors.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

Using a retrospective cohort design, donors who attempted to give plasma or WB in 2014‐2015 were categorized by DAE and followed for 2 years. Analyses of return rate, time to return, subsequent donation frequency, and recurrent risk were performed. Donor characteristics associated with return were also assessed.

RESULTS

For both plasma and WB donors, vasovagal reactions (VVRs) were the strongest deterrent to return, with a lower proportion returning, taking longer to return, and making fewer subsequent donations than those with uncomplicated donations. Despite a higher likelihood of a recurrent event among those who experienced a DAE, the majority had an uncomplicated subsequent donation. Donor characteristics associated with return varied by phlebotomy and DAE type. For donors experiencing a VVR, differences were observed by donor experience, age, sex, and site type between plasma and WB. For phlebotomy‐injured donors, differences were observed by sex, blood type, donor experience, and donation outcome between the two groups. No factors associated with return after a citrate reaction were found.

CONCLUSION

This study highlights the detrimental effects of DAEs on plasma return, in particular VVRs, and the differences in factors associated with return compared to WB donors. Further research is required to understand the mechanisms underlying the decision to return following a DAE.
Tranexamic acid as adjuvant treatment for postpartum hemorrhage: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Fahrenholtz Charles G. , Bonanno Laura S. , Martin Jennifer B.
Published: August 2019

Objective:

The objective of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous administration of tranexamic acid (TXA) within three hours of birth in mothers with a diagnosis of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH).

Introduction:

Postpartum hemorrhage, that is, blood loss exceeding 500 mL for vaginal births or 1000 mL for cesarean sections within 24 hours of delivery, is the leading cause of maternal deaths worldwide. The World Health Organization recommends intravenous TXA as an adjuvant therapy for the treatment of PPH, in addition to standard recommended treatments, within three hours of birth. This review will determine whether TXA administration to patients experiencing PPH leads to a reduction in blood loss, the requirement for transfusion of packed red blood cells and the need for emergency hysterectomies, in both developed and developing nations.

Inclusion criteria:

This review will consider studies that include women under 40 with a diagnosis of postpartum hemorrhage. Studies that evaluate intravenous administration of TXA within three hours of birth as adjuvant treatment of postpartum hemorrhage will be considered. The comparator will be groups that have not received TXA as part of the treatment for postpartum hemorrhage, with or without placebo.

Methods:

MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, CENTRAL, Scopus, Web of Science and ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health will be searched for eligible studies. The search for unpublished studies will include: ProQuest Dissertations and Theses (PQDT), ClinicalTrials.gov and New York Academy of Medicine Grey Literature Report. Retrieval of full-text studies, assessment of methodological quality and data extraction will be performed independently by two reviewers. Meta-analysis will be performed, if possible.
Potential Mechanisms of Mucin-Enhanced Acinetobacter baumannii Virulence in the Mouse Model of Intraperitoneal Infection
Authors: Harris Greg , Holbein Bruce E. , Zhou Hongyan , Xu H. Howard , Chen Wangxue
Published: August 2019

Porcine mucin has been commonly used to enhance the infectivity of bacterial pathogens, including
Acinetobacter baumannii
, in animal models, but the mechanisms for enhancement by mucin remain relatively unknown. In this study, using the mouse model of intraperitoneal (i.p.) mucin-enhanced
A. baumannii
infection, we characterized the kinetics of bacterial replication and dissemination and the host innate immune responses, as well as their potential contribution to mucin-enhanced bacterial virulence.
Statistical Analysis of Community RNA Transcripts between Organic Carbon and Geogas-Fed Continental Deep Biosphere Groundwaters
Authors: Lopez-Fernandez Margarita , Broman Elias , Simone Domenico , Bertilsson Stefan , Dopson Mark
Published: August 2019

Despite being separated from the photosynthesis-driven surface by both distance and time, the deep biosphere is an important driver for the earth’s carbon and energy cycles. However, due to the difficulties in gaining access and low cell numbers, robust statistical omics studies have not been carried out, and this limits the conclusions that can be drawn. This study benchmarks the use of two separate sampling systems and demonstrates that they provide statistically similar RNA transcript profiles, importantly validating several previously published studies. The generated data are analyzed to identify statistically valid differences in active microbial community members and metabolic processes. The results highlight contrasting taxa and growth strategies in the modern marine waters that are influenced by recent infiltration of Baltic Sea water versus the hydrogen- and carbon dioxide-fed, extremely oligotrophic, thoroughly mixed water.
Role of Flagellin-Homologous Proteins in Biofilm Formation by Pathogenic
Vibrio
Species
Authors: Jung You-Chul , Lee Mi-Ae , Lee Kyu-Ho
Published: August 2019

Flagellar filaments of the pathogenic
Vibrio
species, including
V. vulnificus
,
V. parahaemolyticus
, and
V. cholerae
, are composed of multiple flagellin subunits. In their genomes, however, there are higher numbers of the ORFs encoding flagellin-like proteins than the numbers of flagellin subunits required for filament assembly. Since these flagellin-homologous proteins (FHPs) are well expressed and excreted to environments via a flagellin transport channel, their extracellular role in the pathogenic
Vibrio
has been enigmatic. Their biological significance, which is not related with flagellar functions, has been revealed to be in maturation of biofilm structures. Among various components of the extracellular polymeric matrix produced in the
V. vulnificus
biofilms, the exopolysaccharides (EPS) are dominant constituents and crucial in maturation of biofilms. The enhancing role of the
V. vulnificus
FHPs in biofilm formation requires the presence of EPS, as indicated by highly specific interactions among two FHPs and three EPS.
Engineered Interspecies Amino Acid Cross-Feeding Increases Population Evenness in a Synthetic Bacterial Consortium
Authors: Ziesack Marika , Gibson Travis , Oliver John K. W. , Shumaker Andrew M. , Hsu Bryan B. , Riglar David T. , Giessen Tobias W. , DiBenedetto Nicholas V. , Bry Lynn , Way Jeffrey C. , Silver Pamela A. , Gerber Georg K.
Published: August 2019

Microbial communities are ubiquitous in nature. Bacterial consortia live in and on our body and in our environment, and more recently, biotechnology is applying microbial consortia for bioproduction. As part of our body, bacterial consortia influence us in health and disease. Microbial consortium function is determined by its composition, which in turn is driven by the interactions between species. Further understanding of microbial interactions will help us in deciphering how consortia function in complex environments and may enable us to modify microbial consortia for health and environmental benefits.
Bounds for the Genus of Generalized Total Graph of a Commutative Ring
Authors: Asir T. , Mano K.
Published: August 2019

Let R be a commutative ring with non-zero identity and I its proper ideal. The total graph of R with respect to I, denoted by T (ΓI (R)), is the undirected graph with all elements of R as vertices, and where distinct vertices x and y are adjacent if and only if [Formula: see text]. In this paper, some bounds for the genus of T(ΓI(R)) are obtained. We improve and generalize some results for the total graphs of commutative rings. In addition, we obtain an isomorphism relation between two ideal based total graphs.
Importance of Signal Processing Cues in Transcription Correction for Low-Resource Indian Languages
Authors: Prakash Jeena J. , Rajan Golda Brunet , Murthy Hema A.
Published: August 2019

Accurate phonetic transcriptions are crucial for building robust acoustic models for speech recognition as well as speech synthesis applications. Phonetic transcriptions are not usually provided with speech corpora. A lexicon is used to generate phone-level transcriptions of speech corpora with sentence-level transcriptions. When lexical entries are not available, letter-to-sound (LTS) rules are used. Whether it is a lexicon or LTS, the rules for pronunciation are generic and may not match the spoken utterance. This can lead to transcription errors. The objective of this study is to address the issue of mismatch between the transcription and its acoustic realisation. In particular, the issue of vowel deletions is studied. Group-delay-based segmentation is used to determine insertion/deletion of vowels in the speech utterance. The transcriptions are corrected in the training data based on this. The corrected data are used in automatic speech recognition (ASR) and text to speech synthesis (TTS) systems. ASR and TTS systems built with the corrected transcriptions show improvements in the performance.
A chegada dos Franciscanos ao Japão e o início da querela missiológica
Authors: Bernabé Renata Cabral , Marino Giuseppe
Published: August 2019

This study introduces an unreleased manuscript, whose authorship is unknown, and is placed in the Royal Academy of History in Madrid, about the quarrel that developed between the missionaries of different orders in the Japanese mission, in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. It deals with the beginning of the disputes about the primacy of the evangelization claimed by the Jesuits in the Land of the Rising Sun which clashed with the firm intention of the Franciscans in order to profess the Christian religion there. Despite the Papal Bull that conferred the Society of Jesus the monopoly over the mission in the archipelago, the discalced friars decided to continue the enterprise. This essay analyses the first Franciscans accusations that gave rise to a defense literature by the Jesuits. The results were no long in coming.
Fonosferas da Antiguidade
Authors: Abreu Tiago Eric de
Published: August 2019

A partir da escuta hermenêutica das ideias e práticas musicais que se constituíram no Ocidente a partir da Grécia entre os séculos VIII e IV a.C., o presente estudo objetiva tecer reflexões sobre a voz e a escritura vocal. Ao colocar a questão da relação entre música e palavra, interpreto o campo lítero-musical da Antiguidade manifesto nos tratados, na literatura e nos remanescentes de notação. O caminho de pesquisa circunscreve o período histórico em que se percebe a multidimensionalidade de texto musical e tradição aural, para, a partir da interpretação das práticas composicionais e das ideias sobre performance vocal, tecer uma reflexão sobre o canto e a voz poético-musical. Desde a perspectiva da filosofia humanista da música (LIPPMAN, 2006), o estudo dos vestígios musicais da Antiguidade problematiza as relações complexas entre performance, memória, escritura musical e composição aural.
Asociaciones y otras entidades de mujeres y música en España
Authors: Piñero Gil Carmen Cecilia
Published: August 2019

Resumen: Cerca de la segunda década del siglo XXI, las mujeres españolas en la música recorremos senderos que, en su mayoría, fueron trazados por creadoras sonoras comprometidas con la igualdad y la conquista de espacios musicales profesionales. En este caminar, la labor de compositoras, intérpretes, investigadoras, docentes, gestoras y diversas entidades ha sido intensa e incesante.  El visibilizar la labor realizada por todas ellas es un necesario ejercicio de conocimiento y reconocimiento que debe dar impulso a las nuevas generaciones involucradas en el mundo musical, conformando una memoria que permita reflexionar sobre su aportación y proyección en nuestro presente. El asociacionismo ha supuesto una de las fortalezas más relevantes del movimiento de mujeres a la hora de la vindicación y conquista de derechos, igualdad, visibilización y promoción de las compositoras. Desde la fundación en 1989 por la compositora María Luisa Ozaita (1939-2017) de la “Asociación Mujeres en la Música”, en España han surgido diversas asociaciones y otras entidades, como las fundaciones, que contribuyen a la consolidación de espacios y presencias de las mujeres sonoras.
Clara Schumann e Teresa Carreño
Authors: Baroncelli Nilceia
Published: August 2019

O presente artigo apresenta duas compositoras e virtuosas do piano nascidas no século XIX, que compartilham, entre outras características, a de terem sido provedoras de suas famílias numa época em que as mulheres tinham acesso restrito à atuação profissional - principalmente no campo da música erudita. O objetivo é comparar as trajetórias pessoais e profissionais da alemã Clara Schumann e da venezuelana Teresa Carreño, discutindo o impacto destes modelos na história das mulheres na música.
Pendule, para trio de flauta, violoncelo e piano
Authors: Carli Patricia De
Published: August 2019

Pendule para trio é uma peça em que busca-se traduzir por meios musicais o experimento do pêndulo de Léon Foucault. Quando o pêndulo é colocado em movimento, sua oscilação depende somente da força gravitacional, da tração e da resistência do ar, o que faz diminuir a amplitude das oscilações com o passar do tempo. Ao transpormos isto para a música, podemos considerar um eixo estrutural da peça a partir do qual alterações podem ou não ocorrer dependendo do ambiente que as entorna. Os materiais musicais contidos são interpretados como impulso, suspensão, relaxamento, aceleração e eixo. Quando os impulsos são aplicados ao pêndulo, as oscilações nunca são as mesmas pois as diferentes forças atuam sempre de forma diversa. Na forma musical isso é apresentado, por exemplo, na orquestração, como diferentes maneiras de mesclar o timbre, resultando em diferentes interpretações dos movimentos do pêndulo. Cada parte desta peça representa uma variação do ponto de vista dos aspectos físicos presentes em um pêndulo.

Link para escuta: https://soundcloud.com/patriciadecarli/pendule-2016
Reflexões sobre sociabilidades digitais e “outras” e ciberfeminismos em três iniciativas na música
Authors: Nogueira Isabel , Neiva Tania Mello , Zerbinatti Camila Durães
Published: August 2019

Esta pesquisa apresenta reflexões sobre experiências de ciberfeminismos no campo da música, através de um recorte que focaliza três experiências de atuações feministas nas redes digitais (mas não circunscritas à elas): Sonora Ciclo/ Festival Internacional de Compositoras, Rede / Grupo Sonora – músicas e feminismos, e, #HearAllComposers.  O objetivo é contribuir para considerações sobre fenômenos de atuação, articulação e organização feministas em redes digitais no campo musical,  verificando a hipótese de possíveis estratégias de enfrentamento ao sexismo, ao machismo e ao patriarcalismo na música, e, também, contra racismo, etarismo, classismo, LGBTTQIfobia e capacitismo quando perspectivas interseccionais estão presentes, a partir de referenciais teóricos que versam sobre ciberfeminismos, feminismos-em-rede e ativismos digitais feministas. A pesquisa emprega metodologia qualitativa, realiza estudos bibliográficos e documentais introdutórios, aborda literatura correlata, e, apresenta descrições e coleta preliminar de dados e informações das iniciativas escolhidas.
A contribuição das compositoras brasileiras à canção e ao feminismo
Authors: Monteiro da Silva Eliana
Published: August 2019

Nesta entrevista concedida a Eliana Monteiro da Silva, a historiadora Carô Murgel narra sua trajetória como pesquisadora das compositoras de Música Popular Brasileira, iniciando por sua atuação como cantora, enveredando pelos estudos de História e História Cultural, até mergulhar no universo da canção e da catalogação de mais de 7.500 autoras de letras e músicas, que viveram entre os século XIX e XXI.
Dossiê temático
Authors: Monteiro da Silva Eliana
Published: August 2019

Apresentação do Dossiê Temático
Changes in Plant-Based Diet Quality and Total and Cause-Specific Mortality
Authors: Baden Megu Y. , Liu Gang , Satija Ambika , Li Yanping , Sun Qi , Fung Teresa T. , Rimm Eric B. , Willett Walter C. , Hu Frank B. , Bhupathiraju Shilpa N.
Published: August 2019

Background:

Plant-based diets have been associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and are recommended for both health and environmental benefits. However, the association between changes in plant-based diet quality and mortality remains unclear.

Methods:

We investigated the associations between 12-year changes (from 1986 to 1998) in plant-based diet quality assessed by 3 plant-based diet indices (score range, 18–90)—an overall plant-based diet index (PDI), a healthful PDI, and an unhealthful PDI—and subsequent total and cause-specific mortality (1998–2014). Participants were 49 407 women in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) and 25 907 men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS) who were free from CVD and cancer in 1998. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional-hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs.

Results:

We documented 10 686 deaths including 2046 CVD deaths and 3091 cancer deaths in the NHS over 725 316 person-years of follow-up and 6490 deaths including 1872 CVD deaths and 1772 cancer deaths in the HPFS over 371 322 person-years of follow-up. Compared with participants whose indices remained stable, among those with the greatest increases in diet scores (highest quintile), the pooled multivariable-adjusted HRs for total mortality were 0.95 (95% CI, 0.90–1.00) for PDI, 0.90 (95% CI, 0.85–0.95) for healthful PDI, and 1.12 (95% CI, 1.07–1.18) for unhealthful PDI. Among participants with the greatest decrease (lowest quintile), the multivariable-adjusted HRs were 1.09 (95% CI, 1.04–1.15) for PDI, 1.10 (95% CI, 1.05–1.15) for healthful PDI, and 0.93 (95% CI, 0.88–0.98) for unhealthful PDI. For CVD mortality, the risk associated with a 10-point increase in each PDI was 7% lower (95% CI, 1–12%) for PDI, 9% lower (95% CI, 4–14%) for healthful PDI, and 8% higher (95% CI, 2–14%) for unhealthful PDI. There were no consistent associations between changes in plant-based diet indices and cancer mortality.

Conclusions:

Improving plant-based diet quality over a 12-year period was associated with a lower risk of total and CVD mortality, whereas increased consumption of an unhealthful plant-based diet was associated with a higher risk of total and CVD mortality.
Randomized Interventional Study on Prediction of Preeclampsia/Eclampsia in Women With Suspected Preeclampsia
Authors: Cerdeira Ana Sofia , O’Sullivan Joe , Ohuma Eric O. , Harrington Deborah , Szafranski Pawel , Black Rebecca , Mackillop Lucy , Impey Lawrence , Greenwood Catherine , James Tim , Smith Ian , Papageorghiou Aris T. , Knight Marian , Vatish Manu
Published: August 2019

The ratio of maternal serum sFlt-1 (soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1) to PlGF (placental growth factor) has been used retrospectively to rule out the occurrence of preeclampsia, a pregnancy hypertensive disorder, within 7 days in women presenting with clinical suspicion of preeclampsia. A prospective, interventional, parallel-group, randomized clinical trial evaluated the use of sFlt-1/PlGF ratio in women presenting with suspected preeclampsia. Women were assigned to reveal (sFlt-1/PlGF result known to clinicians) or nonreveal (result unknown) arms. A ratio cutoff of 38 was used to define low (≤38) and elevated risk (>38) of developing the condition in the subsequent week. The primary end point was hospitalization within 24 hours of the test. Secondary end points were development of preeclampsia and other adverse maternal-fetal outcomes. We recruited 370 women (186 reveal versus 184 nonreveal). Preeclampsia occurred in 85 women (23%). The number of admissions was not significantly different between groups (n=48 nonreveal versus n=60 reveal;
P
=0.192). The reveal trial arm admitted 100% of the cases that developed preeclampsia within 7 days, whereas the nonreveal admitted 83% (
P
=0.038). Use of the test yielded a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI, 85.8–100) and a negative predictive value of 100% (95% CI, 97.1–100) compared with a sensitivity of 83.3 (95% CI, 58.6–96.4) and negative predictive value of 97.8 (95% CI, 93.7–99.5) with clinical practice alone. Use of the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio significantly improved clinical precision without changing the admission rate.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.isrctn.com
. Unique identifier: ISRCTN87470468.
“Our Winters’ Rights”: Challenging Colonial Water Laws
Authors: Curley Andrew
Published: August 2019

Much of the scholarship on Indigenous water rights in the United States focuses on legal and political rights awarded or denied in water settlements. This article highlights the voice of settlement opponents within Diné communities over the proposed Little Colorado River Settlement in 2012 between the Navajo Nation and Arizona. Using interviews with key actors, observations of water hearings, and a mini focus group with settlement opponents, my research finds that the proposed water settlement produced contradictory logics, practices, and frameworks that combined two “traditions of Indigenous resistance,” one rooted in the language of self-determination and sovereignty and the other in emerging notions of decolonization. This hybridity of seeking increased water recognition within colonial law, while advocating for decolonial waterscapes, speaks to the complicated and fundamentally entangled political landscapes of Indigenous peoples. Ultimately, in opposing the water settlement, Diné opponents and community members demonstrate that they seek to rectify the injustice of ongoing settler colonialism and realize their collective capabilities as nations, not “Indians,” “tribes,” or “minorities” within and against the authorities of the colonial state.
Is Empiricism Innate? Preference for Nurture Over Nature in People’s Beliefs About the Origins of Human Knowledge
Authors: Wang Jinjing (Jenny) , Feigenson Lisa
Published: August 2019

The origins of human knowledge are an enduring puzzle: what parts of what we know require learning, and what depends on intrinsic structure? Although the nature-nurture debate has been a central question for millennia and has inspired much contemporary research in psychology and neuroscience, it remains unknown whether people share intuitive, prescientific theories about the answer. Here we report that people (N = 1,188) explain fundamental perceptual and cognitive abilities by appeal to learning and instruction, rather than genes or innateness, even for abilities documented in the first days of life. U.S. adults, adults from a culture with a belief in reincarnation, children, and professional scientists—including psychologists and neuroscientists, all believed these basic abilities emerge significantly later than they actually do, and ascribed them to nurture over nature. These findings implicate a widespread intuitive empiricist theory about the human mind, present from early in life.
Redescription of Hypsibius microps Thulin, 1928 and H. pallidus Thulin, 1911 (Eutardigrada: Hypsibiidae) based on the type material from the Thulin collection
Authors: KACZMAREK ŁUKASZ , MICHALCZYK ŁUKASZ
Published: August 2019

Two species of the genus Hypsibius, H. microps and H. pallidus, are redescribed based on the type material from the Thulin collection. Those two species are very similar to each other and in the past their identification was based mostly on external claw morphology (identifications were very often doubtful and subjective). In this study we describe further differences between these two species. Apart from the claw morphology, H. pallidus differs from H. microps by: a larger body size, a wider buccal tube, longer placoids and placoid row and a longer pharynx. These two species differ also from other species attributed to the dujardini group by having granular rather than rod-shaped macroplacoids and by the absence of a constriction in the first macroplacoid.
Sex attractant, distribution and DNA barcodes for the Afrotropical leaf-mining moth Phyllonorycter melanosparta (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)
Authors: DE PRINS JURATE , MOZŪRAITIS RAIMONDAS , LOPEZ-VAAMONDE CARLOS , ROUGERIE RODOLPHE
Published: August 2019

The sex attractant for Phyllonorycter melanosparta (Meyrick, 1912) has been determined as (10E)-dodec-10-en-1-yl acetate and (10E)-dodec-10-en-1-ol combined in a ratio 10:1. The distribution of this species in Eastern Africa is updated and its presence in Kenya is recorded for the first time. We discuss the taxonomic status of P. melanosparta with reference to three character sets: semiochemicals, morphological and molecular characters (DNA barcodes). This combination of characters is also proposed as a new approach to study the diversity and phylogeny of Phyllonorycter in the Afrotropical region.
Studies on Anopheles (Kerteszia) homunculus Komp (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: SALLUM MARIA ANICE MUREB , SANTOS CECILIA L. S. DOS , WILKERSON RICHARD C.
Published: August 2019

The present findings suggest that Anopheles (Kerteszia) homunculus may comprise more than one species. The rDNA ITS2 sequence data corroborate the presence of An. homunculus l.s. in Mata Atlântica, southern Brazil, and suggest that specimens from Trinidad may belong to an unnamed morphologically similar species. There is a need for additional studies to establish the geographical distribution of An. homunculus l.s. in continental South America and in Trinidad, especially in southern Mata Atlântica, Brazil.
The identity of jewel bugs described by Shonen Matsumura from Taiwan (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Scutelleridae)
Authors: TSAI JING-FU , RÉDEI DÁVID
Published: August 2019

Shonen Matsumura (1872–1960) Japanese entomologist described four species of jewel bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Scutelleridae) from Taiwan in 1913. One of them has already been recognized as synonym whilst the identity of three species remained unknown so far. Based on the type material deposited at Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan, Matsumura’s species are documented and their identities are clarified. The following new synonymies are proposed: Chrysocoris (Fitha) fascialis (A. White, 1842) = Lamprocoris giranensis Matsumura, 1913, syn. n.; Lamprocoris (Lamprocoris) lateralis (Guérin-Méneville, 1838) = Chrysophara formosana Matsumura, 1913, syn. n.; Poecilocoris druraei (Linnaeus, 1771) = Poecilocoris watanabei Matsumura, 1913, syn. n. Lectotype is designated for Chrysophara formosana. Lamprocoris lateralis is recorded for the first time from Laos and Vietnam.
A new species of the plant bug genus Rubrocuneocoris (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae) from Vietnam
Authors: KESHARI DUWAL RAM , SCHWARTZ MICHAEL D. , YASUNAGA TOMOHIDE
Published: August 2019

The genus Rubrocuneocoris Schuh is recognized from Vietnam for the first time, with a new species, R. vietnamensis n. sp.  The new species is described and documented with images of the habitus and male genitalic structures. Male and female genitalic structures are described for R. albescens Yasunaga. Species of Rubrocuneocoris described from Taiwan are herein transferred to Atractotomoidea Yasunaga and the following new combinations are accordingly proposed: Atractotomoidea falcis (Lin 2006) n. comb., A. maculosus (Lin 2006) n. comb., A. nodus (Lin 2006) n. comb., and A. trifidus (Lin 2006) n. comb. A revised checklist of Rubrocuneocoris is presented.
Establishment of taxonomic status of Macrobrachium indicum Jayachandran & Joseph (Decapoda : Palaemonidae) through molecular characterization with a note on related species
Authors: MARY AJINA S. , JAYACHANDRAN K.V. , LANDGE ASHA T. , GLADSTON Y. , PAVAN-KUMAR A.
Published: August 2019

Macrobrachium indicum, a south Indian freshwater prawn described from Vellayani lake, Kerala is closely related to Koua river prawn, M. australe which in turn resembles M. ustulatum. Morphologically the three species pose difficulties in identification. A comparison of morphological characters of M. indicum, M. australe and M. ustulatum has been made in the paper. The COI sequence data for the species has been generated and made comparison with the existing COI barcode sequences for M. australe and showed clear difference between the species, thereby established the taxonomic validity of the species. Alignment of the present study sequences with reported sequences of M. australe revealed homologous region of 434 bp. Out of 434 nucleotides, the number of conserved and variable nucleotides were 313 and 121, respectively. Based on the P value (0.002) of Mann-Whitney U test, it was observed that the GC content at codon third base position between M. indicum and M. australe is significantly different. Because of the complexity of the species group a type material is highly necessary for confirmation in future studies and since holotype is irrecoverably lost, a neotype has been selected from the present collection and deposited in the CMFRI Museum at Kochi, Kerala with accession number: ED.2.2.1.8.
Contributions to the knowledge of Umbrageocoris (Heteroptera: Lygaeoidea: Geocoridae)
Authors: KÓBOR PÉTER
Published: August 2019

Additions and corrections to original description of Umbrageocoris Kóbor, 2019 are provided along with the description of a new species and its two subspecies: Umbrageocoris maai maai ssp.n. from Borneo and the Malay Peninsula and Umbrageocoris maai timorensis ssp.n. from Timor. Key to known species and distribution maps included.
New data on the genus Manota Williston (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) from Africa, with an updated key to the species
Authors: HIPPA HEIKKI , SØLI GEIR , KURINA OLAVI
Published: August 2019

A total of 346 male specimens of Manota collected from 13 countries in Africa are studied. They belong to 40 different species including 12 new to science. The new species are: M. burundiensis (Burundi), M. cornuta (Ghana), M. fuscinula (Ghana), M. geniculata (Gabon), M. kirkspriggsi (Madagascar), M. kjaerandseni (Ghana, Côte d’Ivoire), M. leptochaeta (Madagascar), M. limai (São Tomé and Principe), M. oronnai (Nigeria), M. platychaeta (Madagascar), M. polylobata (Nigeria) and M. triseta (Ghana, Guinea). New records of the following 28 species are presented: M. aculifera Hippa & Kurina, 2012 (Ghana), M. afra Hippa & Kurina, 2012 (Ghana, Democratic Republic of Congo), M. clinochaeta Hippa, 2008 (Madagascar), M. clurina Hippa & Kurina, 2012 (Côte d’Ivoire), M. comata Hippa & Kurina, 2012 (Ghana, Guinea, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda), M. cultigera Hippa, 2008 (Madagascar), M. dissidens Hippa & Kurina, 2012 (Ghana, Côte d’Ivoire), M. foliolata Hippa & Kurina, 2012 (Cameroon), M. ghanaensis Hippa & Kurina, 2012 (Ghana), M. grootaerti Kurina & Hippa, 2014 (Democratic Republic of Congo), M. katusabei Hippa & Kurina, 2012 (Ghana, Guinea, Uganda), M. lachaisei Matile, 1972 (Democratic Republic of Congo), M. mabokeensis Matile, 1972 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda), M. macrodon Hippa, 2008 (Madagascar), M. mazumbaiensis Søli, 1993 (Ghana, Guinea, Uganda), M. natalensis Jaschhof & Mostovski, 2006 (Republic of South Africa), M. peltata Kurina & Hippa, 2014 (Ghana), M. peltigera Kurina & Hippa, 2014 (Ghana, Uganda), M. petiolata Hippa & Kurina, 2012 (Ghana), M. phyllochaeta Hippa, 2008 (Madagascar), M. pilosa Hippa & Kurina, 2012 (Ghana, Guinea, Côte d’Ivoire, Nigeria), M. pinnata Hippa & Kurina, 2012 (Democratic Republic of Congo), M. pinnulata Hippa & Kurina, 2012 (Ghana), M. reclinata Kurina & Hippa, 2014 (Ghana, Guinea, Côte d’Ivoire), M. relicina Hippa & Kurina, 2012 (Uganda), M. senticosa Hippa & Kurina, 2012 (Ghana, Gabon, Guinea, Central African Republic), M. uncinata Hippa, 2008 (Madagascar) and M. whiteleyi Jaschhof & Mostovski, 2006 (Ghana, Cameroon). An updated key to the Afrotropical Manota species is provided and their distribution briefly discussed. Altogether 68 species of Manota are now known from the Afrotropical region, while the genus holds 314 described species worldwide.
Two new species of nereidids (Annelida, Polychaeta) from Taiwan
Authors: HSUEH PAN-WEN
Published: August 2019

Two new species of nereidids, Dendronereis chipolini n. sp. and Neanthes hsinchuensis n. sp., collected from brackish aquaculture ponds near coasts of southern Taiwan and fouling community on docks of the Hsinchu fishing port in northwestern Taiwan, respectively, are described in the present study. Dendronereis chipolini n. sp. differs from its congeners by a combination of number and morphology of branchiae, morphology of neuropodia and form of neuropodial homogomph spinigers. Neanthes hsinchuensis n. sp. can be distinguished from congeners reported from East and Southeast Asia by a combination of numbers of conical paragnaths, morphology of notopodia, the absent/present of prechaetal lobe and forms of neuropodial chaetae. A key to Dendronereis species of the world is included, together with a table of morphological characters of Neanthes species reported from East and Southeast Asia, which have no conical paragnaths on Area V of the pharynx.
Molecular phylogeny, biogeography, and conservation status of the Texas-endemic freshwater mussel Lampsilis bracteata (Bivalvia, Unionidae)
Authors: PORTO-HANNES ISABEL , BURLAKOVA LYUBOV E. , KARATAYEV ALEXANDER Y. , LASKER HOWARD R.
Published: August 2019

Lampsilis bracteata (Gould), the Texas Fatmucket, is a regional endemic species in the central Texas biogeographic province which is a candidate to be listed as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act of 1973. Lampsilis bracteata is morphologically similar to the common species L. hydiana (Lea). Here, we examine the molecular taxonomic identification of L. bracteata, and compare its historical range with its current geographic distribution. Tests of genetic affinities based on two mitochondrial genes typically used for DNA barcoding (cytochrome oxidase subunit 1, COI and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1, ND1) support recognition of L. bracteata as a full species. An unexpected spin-off result was that ND1 sequences of L. satura (Lea), a threatened species in Texas, formed a highly supported cluster within putative L. cardium Rafinesque. As an endemic species, the distribution of L. bracteata has been historically restricted; however, poor land and water management practices have further reduced its distribution from eighteen to just eight streams in the Colorado River drainage and to one stream in the Guadalupe River drainage. For L. bracteata, as for many other imperiled freshwater mussel species, effective conservation measures rely on correct species identification, definition of its geographic range and assessment of its changes in the recent past.
Gastropods from the Cretaceous-Palaeogene boundary in Denmark
Authors: HANSEN THOMAS
Published: August 2019

Gastropods constituted one of the most successful faunal groups in the Danish Basin around the Cretaceous-Palaeogene (K-Pg) boundary, both with regard to abundance and diversity. Only 19 species were known previously; this number is here increased to 140. The end-Cretaceous Danish fauna is represented by 79 taxa of which 85 % became extinct at the boundary. A new fauna of 72 species arose within a remarkably short time interval of less than half a million years. The extinction seems to have hit rather randomly with regard to feeding strategies, while geographical range stands out as the single most important factor in survivorship. The succeeding speciation was controlled by changes in substrate and food availability, where non-carnivores and taxa dependent on a hard substrate were replaced by hunting carnivores and mud-adapted taxa in response to the disappearance of the Cretaceous bryozoan mounds. The gastropod genus Loxotoma Fischer, 1885 is renamed as Palaeoloxotoma nom. nov. due to its junior synonymy with a moth. 38 new species are erected. These are Acirsa torensis n. sp., Acmaea selandica n. sp., Ageria laxa n. sp., Ageria skeldervigensis n. sp., Amaea alicae n. sp., Amaea stevniensis n. sp., Amaurellina ravni n. sp., Arene jakobseni n. sp., Ataphrus (Ataphrus) knoesensis n. sp., Bathrotomaria jakobseni n. sp., Ceratia rodvigensis n. sp., Cerithiella selandica n. sp., Cerithiopsis restemlongis n. sp., Claviscala minor n. sp., Coniscala umbilica n. sp., Cranopsis cretacea n. sp., Cylichna stevniensis n. sp., Dolicholatirus lorenzi n. sp., Epalxis? rosenkrantzi n. sp., Epetrium s.l. skeldervigensis n. sp., Eucycloscala gracilicostatus n. sp., Fusinus schnetleri n. sp., Mathilda dania n. sp., Mesalia danica n. sp., Opaliopsis carlsbergi n. sp., Pseudocochlespira transversa n. sp., Pseudotoma danica n. sp., Tatara pseudosassia n. sp., Tectus? indecorus n. sp., Temnotropis stevniensis n. sp., Thereitis carlsbergi n. sp., Thereitis cretacea n. sp., Thylacodes contendis n. sp., Unitas heinbergi n. sp., Vatopsis heinbergi n. sp., Vexillum? rosenkrantzi n. sp., Vexillum tenestolidum n. sp. and Zebinella selandica n. sp.