bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serum Calcium Level in Patients with Pre Eclampsia : A Case Control Study
Authors: Bhowmick Rajasree , Bhowmik Juthi , Chowdhury Shiuly , Nur Ayesha Najma , Begum Firoza
Published: May 2021

Background: To compare serum calcium level in pre-eclamptic women and normal pregnant women.

Materials and methods: It was a case-control study carried out in patient Department of Fetomaternal Medicine unit in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka. From September 2010 to February 2011. Total 60 cases, among them 30 comprising control group and 30 were cases. This was a non interventional case control study that was carried out on total 60 women with age range 18 to 38 years of them 30 healthy gravid women as control group and 30 pregnancy with pre eclampsia as case. Serum calcium level of the groups were measured, and compare between this two group. Data were analyzed by computer with the help of SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) win 13 software package.

Results: Serum calcium in pre-eclamptic women was significantly low [7.88±0.75mg/dl vs 9.9267±0.58 mg/dl] than in normal pregnant women.

Conclusion: Serum calcium may be used for earlier detection of preeclampsia. Further studies are required to investigate whether calcium supplementation can be used as a preventable measure for the development of preeclampsia.

Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.20 (1); January 2021; Page 33-36
Dengue Outbreak in Children During 2019: Experience at A Tertiary Care teaching Hospital
Authors: Datta Mitra , Ferdousi Asma , Haque Salina , Jahan Rifat , Das Aparup , Haq Tanjina
Published: May 2021

Background: Dengue outbreaks are hitting different geographic locations, different clinical manifestations are being reported recently. This study was aimed to describe the clinico-epidemiological profile and outcome of dengue infected children during 2019 dengue outbreak in Chattogram.

Materials and methods: This hospital based prospective observational study was carried out in the Department of Pediatrics in Chattogram Medical College Hospital. Serologically positive dengue cases (Aged £12 years) admitted from July 2019 to December 2019 were enrolled in the study. Hospital outcome of the patient’s was recorded in terms of mortality, Length of Hospital Stay (LOS) need for ICU.

Results: Out of total 192 patients as per the National Guideline 66.7% cases were classified as dengue fever without warning signs, 21.9% as dengue fever with warning signs and 11.5% as severe dengue. Overall the mean age was 7.04 (±3.23) years with male preponderance (59%). Along with fever main complaints were abdominal pain (91.7%), vomiting (47.9%) and headache (23.6%). Marked thrombocytopenia (Below 50,000) was present in 37.9%, leucopenia in 27.9% and raised haematocrit in 10.9% of cases. Average LOS was 5.2 (±1.9) days, 18 (9.5%) patients need ICU admission and there was no fatality in this series. Some clinical (Vomiting, flusihing, shock, reduced urinary output) and laboratory (Marked thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, hemoconcentration, pleural effusion and hepatomegaly) variables were associated with severity.

Conclusion: Fever with abdominal pain were common presentations of dengue fever. Severe dengue patients presented with vomiting, flashing and shock. Marked thrombocytopenia and pleural effusion and/or ascites were related to shock. Appropriate and timely management is very effective in reducing case fatality.

Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.20 (1); January 2021; Page 46-50
Pattern of Animal Bites and Post Exposure Prophylaxis for Rabies: An One Year Study in Bangladesh Institute of Tropical Infectious Disease (BITID) Chattogram
Authors: Rashid Md Mamunur , Chowdhury MA Hassan , Chowdhury Md Hossain Rashid
Published: May 2021

Background: Rabies is a global disease occurring in more then 150 countries including Bangladesh. It was neglected in Bangladesh before 2010 with more than 2000 annual rabies case. Number of rabies patients are declining in whole world due to more availability of resources needed for rabies prevention. In this background here our objective is to study the Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) in rabies & to observe the pattern of animal bites in Bangladesh Institute of Tropical and Infectious Disease (BITID) which is a national institute dealing Tropical & Infectious disease of Bangladesh.

Materials and methods: It was a retrospective study carried out among bite patients coming to BITID (Both outdoor & indoor) from 01.01.2017 to 31.12.2017 where a registry of all post exposure treatment was maintained. Total 1863 cases of animal bite patients came to BITID over the study period. The data were analyzed finally.

Results: Among 1836 cases, 1185(63.66%) were male and 678 (34.44%) were female. 1155 cases (62%) belonged to >12 years of age and 708 (38%) cases belonged £12 years of age 815(43.74%) cases were category III bite. 1386 (74.4%) cases were bitten by dog & bites in 1110 (59.6%) cases occurred in lower limbs. Most patients 1138 cases (61.1%) came from rural areas & maximum bites occurred from March 2017 to September 2017.

Conclusion: Animal bite is a great burden for Bangladesh. To prevent it we need public awareness, mass dog vaccination, street dog control and complete post exposure prophylaxis as per schedule given by national rabies elimination program of Bangladesh government.

Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.20 (1); January 2021; Page 51-54
Comparing the Incidence of Postdural Puncture Headache After Diagnostic Lumbar Puncture due to 22 Gauge Standard Versus 25 Gauge Atraumatic Needle : A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Phani Ashok Kumar , Chowdhury Somen , Das Priyatosh , Ahmed Farid Uddin , Kabir Md Humayun , Amin Md Ruhul , Kayasthagir Pradip Kumar , Md Hassanuzzaman -
Published: May 2021

Background: There is growing evidence that the incidence of Postdural Puncture Headache (PDPH) after Lumber Puncture (LP) with the smaller, non-cutting needle is less. Nevertheless, larger, cutting needles are still widely used for this procedure in Bangladesh. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence and severity of PDPH between 22 G standard needle and 25 G atraumatic needle for diagnostic LP in patients with neurological symptoms.

Methods and materials: This single-blind, randomized, controlled trial was carried out in Department of Neurology, Chittagong Medical College Hospital, during February 2017 to January 2018. One hundred consecutive patients admitted in Neurology ward fulfilled the set inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into two equal groups: Group A (LP was done with 22 G standard needle) and Group B (LP was done with 25 G atraumatic needle). The incidence and severity of PDPH was interviewed on day 5 following LP.

Results: Effective sample size was 99 (50 in Group A and 49 in Group B) as one patient was dropped out. Both groups were similar in terms of baseline sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. LP was successful in first attempt in 25 (50%) and 28 (57.8%) patients in Group A and Group B respectively. Incidence of PDPH was significantly higher in Group A than Group B. Severity of PDPH was also significantly higher in Group A than in Group B with regards to presence of moderate degree of PDPH. Analgesics use was significantly less in Group B in comparison to Group A. Absolute adjusted risk of mild to moderate PDPH with 25G atraumatic needles was reduced by 3.74 times (95% CI: 1.22-11.44) compared to 22 G standard needle.

Conclusion: 25 G atraumatic needles significantly reduced the incidence and severity of PDPH as compared to 22G standard needle. So, using 25 G atraumatic needle would be beneficial for diagnostic LP procedure.

Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.20 (1); January 2021; Page 67-71
Haemoglobin D Trait-An Uncommon Haemoglobinopathy in Chattogram: A Case Report
Authors: Sultana Razia , Gosh Tani
Published: May 2021

This case presents haemoglobin D Trait (Hb-D) which is a rare disease in Bangladesh. It is a heterozygous state for haemoglobin D who came to Laboratory Medicine Department of Chattogram Maa Shishu-O-General Hospital (CMSOGH) for heamoglobin electrophoresis. Our patient was 9 years old girl from Noakhali, Bangladesh. She was clinically silent with no splenomegaly. Her peripheral blood film was microcytic hypochromic anaemia and Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) of Hb revealed Hb D Trait. On family screening her father was Hb E trait, mother was Hb D trait and younger sister turned out normal Hb study. Compound heterozygosity for haemoglobin D and haemoglobin E may be present in subsequent pregnancy of her mother.

Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.20 (1); January 2021; Page 81-83
News & Views Vol.20(1)
Authors: Uddin Mohammad Jalal
Published: May 2021

Abstract not available

Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.20 (1); January 2021; Page 85
We Mourn vol.20(1)
Authors: Uddin Mohammad Jalal
Published: May 2021

Abstract not available

Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.20 (1); January 2021; Page 86
II. Meşrutiyet döneminde eğitim tartışmaları ve 1913 tarihli Tedrisat-ı İptidaiye Kanunu’nun uygulanması
Authors: UYANIK Ercan , KAYA Mehmet Melik , ELÇİÇEĞİ Büşra
Published: May 2021

Gelecek kuşakların yetiştirilmesinde belirleyici olan eğitim, devletlerin istikbali bakımından geçmişten bugüne önemli bir unsur olagelmiştir. Osmanlı Devleti’nde de eğitim gelecek kuşakların yetiştirilmesinde etkili olmuştur. II. Meşrutiyet döneminde ise eğitim felsefeleri ve eğitime ilişkin strateji sorunları toplumsal gündemin tartışma konuları arasında yer almıştır. Ancak bu dönemde eğitimin mevcut yapısı, Osmanlının geleceğini kurtarmayı sağlayacak bir durumda değildi. Bu nedenle Meşrutiyetin başında, Müslüman Türk unsurun eğitimini yürüten kurumların ıslah edilmesi gündeme gelmiş ve yapılan tartışmalar sonucunda ıslahata ilkokullardan başlanması yönünde bir görüş birliğine varılmıştır. İlköğretim kapsamında 6 Ekim 1913’te Tedrisat-ı İptidaiye Kanun-ı Muvakkati uygulamaya konulmuştur. Bu kanun eğitim tarihimiz açısından son derece öneme sahiptir. Kanun ilk olma niteliğini taşımakla birlikte Cumhuriyet dönemi de dâhil uzun bir müddet yürürlükte kalmış, eğitim öğretim faaliyetlerine birçok yenilik ve çözüm getirmiştir. Kanun çıktığı döneme kadar iller bazında birtakım düzenlemeler ile yürütülen eğitim öğretim faaliyetleri ülkede tek bir kanunla bir çatı altında toplanmıştır. Bu yönüyle Tedrisat-ı İptidaiye Kanunu eğitim öğretim faaliyetlerini yerel boyuttan ulusal boyuta taşımıştır. Kanunun çıkarılma amacı, ilköğretimin genel yapısını belirleyip bir düzene kavuşturmak ve eğitimdeki finansal sorunlara çözüm üretmektir. Bu kanunla; o zamana kadar iptidai ve rüştiye olarak ikiye ayrılmış olan ilköğretim “mekatib-i iptidaiye-i umumiye” adı altında birleştirilerek altı yıllık iptidai okullar açılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu okulların yönetimleri ve masraflarının karşılanması vilayetlerde kurulan hususi idareye bırakılmıştı. Bu araştırmanın amacı II. Meşrutiyet döneminde Türk eğitim sistemindeki tartışmaları ele almak ve Tedrisat-ı İptidaiye Kanun-ı Muvakkati’nin ilköğretime getirdiği yenilikleri saptamaktır. Nitel araştırma deseninde tasarlanan çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak doküman incelemesi tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın amacı doğrultusunda Tedrisatı İptidaiye Kanun-ı Muvakkati’nin orijinali Türkçeye transkripsiyon edilmiş ve elde edilen bulgular betimsel analiz yöntemiyle incelenerek raporlaştırılmıştır.
Melioration in South Slavic. The case of Slavic *gyzd-
Authors: L. Greenberg Marc
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the origin and development of the Proto-Slavic word *gyzd ъ/ a and its derivatives in the Slavic daughter languages with particular attention to the formal and semantic developments that help to explain why the word went from a negative meaning (‘mud, excrement’, ‘something disgusting’) in Northern Slavic (West and East) to a positive meaning (‘adornment, embellishment’, ‘showiness, suavity’) in South Slavic.
O pisaru Erlangenskog rukopisa
Authors: Ćušić Tarik
Published: May 2021

Erlangenski rukopis je, prema dosadašnjim saznanjima, najstarija zbirka usmenih pjesama zabilježenih na južnoslavenskom štokavskom prostoru. Premda je kao takav polazna i nezaobilazna tačka u istraživanjima stihovnih oblika usmenog stvaralaštva, brojna pitanja o ovome rukopisu i danas su ostala neriješena, budući da je nepoznato kada je i gdje nastao, kao i ko ga je napisao. U otvorena pitanja spadaju, dakle, i ona koja se vežu uz samog pisara Erlangenskog rukopisa. Osnovni zadatak ovoga rada jeste dati rezultate o porijeklu pisara s obzirom na njegov uzus i normu pisanja, te zapažanja o pisarevom utjecaju na jezik Erlangenskog rukopisa i o upotrebi tipa ćirilice kojim je ovaj rukopis zapisan. Za ekscerptiranje građe u okviru ovoga rada korišten je faksimil Erlangenskog rukopisa. Sâm rukopis čuva se u Univerzitetskoj biblioteci u Erlangenu pod signaturom Ms2107.
Le modalità logico-argomentative nei testi scolastici di geometria della scuola elementare e media in lingua italiana
Authors: Sbaragli Silvia , Canducci Michele , Demartini Silvia
Published: May 2021

In quest’articolo si intende portare l’attenzione sulle modalità logico-argomentative presenti nei testi scolastici di matematica, focalizzandosi sulla parte di geometria e, nello specifico, sul tema poligoni, considerando la ricorsività dell’argomento in continuità fra gli ordini scolastici (dalla II elementare alla III media). L’indagine è strettamente interdisciplinare fra matematica e linguistica, con particolare attenzione alla didattica, e si inserisce nei lavori di un più vasto progetto di ricerca in corso. Dopo alcuni paragrafi iniziali dedicati a illustrare il corpus di libri e i criteri di analisi del testo adottati, si passerà a una parte di inquadramento storico-disciplinare del tema, per addentrarsi poi nella descrizione delle diverse modalità logico-argomentative (legate al far “fare”, al far “immaginare” e al far “astrarre”); di queste saranno anche offerti dati quantitativi relativi alla distribuzione nel corpus. Alcune possibili implicazioni didattiche emerse dalle analisi saranno accennate nelle conclusioni.
STRATEGI PENINGKATAN PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH DARI RETRIBUSI PASAR DI KABUPATEN SUKOHARJO
Authors: Moenek Reydonnyzar , Santoso Eko Budi
Published: May 2021

Retribusi merupakan salah satu sumber dari Pendapatan Asli daerah (PAD). Tulisan ini merupakan hasil penelitian yang mendeskripsikan mengenai strategi peningkatan PAD dari Retribusi pelayanan pasar (retribusi pasar) dan mengeksplorasi berbagai kemungkinan strategi yang masih mungkin dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan pungutan retribusi pasar di Kabupaten Sukoharjo. Desain yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif  dan eksploratif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Tenik analisisnya menggunakan teknik analisis swot dan analisis diskrepansi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi yang selama ini dilaksanakan belum menunjukkan keberhasilan dalam pencapaian target pemungutan retribusi pasar yang miliki kontribusi besar terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD). Masih terdapat enam strategi yang dapat dilaksanakan oleh Pemda Kabupaten Sukoharjo untuk meningkatkan hasil pemungutan retribusi pasar yang akan meningkatkan penerimaan PADnya. Disarankan untuk melakukan enam langkah sesuai strategi yang masih belum dilakukan ataupun yang belum banyak dilakukan selama ini.
INNOVATION, PROBLEM, AND CHALLENGES IN PREPARING RDTR FOR OSS: CASE IN PREPARING RDTR IN EEATERN SENDAWAR, WEST KUTAI REGENCY, EAST KALIMANTAN PROVINCE
Authors: Santoso Eko Budi , Iswi Aulia , Yanuasmara Ipung
Published: May 2021

This paper is the result of the author's study of his involvement in the preparation of the Eastern Sendawar Spatial Detail Plan (RDTR) in West Kutai Regency, East Kalimantan Province. Although the author's study is based on one case directly involved, but from sharing between planners the fact is that the various problems that occur are relatively similar to the various cases of the preparation of RDTR in other regions in Indonesia prepared for input of Online Single Submission (OSS), which began to be officially applied as of January 1, 2020. The results of this study, although they cannot be generalized, can be used as lesson learnt in the preparation of other RDTRs for the same type of RDTR and other regular RDTRs that have relatively similar characteristics. The results of the study indicate that there are still some weaknesses that need to be addressed both in the guidelines, standards, and synchronization with the system in OSS. It is recommended to do crash program preparing the base maps and related thematic maps, ajusment/improvement the guidelines, separate processes with KLHS, and prepare human resources for managing flexible systems on OSS
WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SMART CITY IN BOGOR CITY
Authors: Sa'diyah Aniq Fajriyati , Purnomo Eko Priyo , Kasiwi Aulia Nur
Published: May 2021

The city of Bogor is one of the cities that has implemented the concept of smart city and is one of the centers of attention for the movement of people. The implementation of smart cities often has difficulty in applying various aspects. One of them is about environmental problems in urban areas that are very vulnerable to various damages such as garbage. One effort to improve the quality of the urban environment is the concept of Smart Environment. This study uses qualitative research with a descriptive approach. This research results that the condition of Bogor City which is dense makes the volume of waste increasing. In this case, waste management efforts such as the Trash Bank, 3R Trash Program, and impelemntation of waste management of IT based. However, in its application the City of Bogor experienced constraints on public awareness and participation.

Keywords: Waste Management, Smart City, Smart Environment
SMART GOVERNMENT DALAM RANGKA MEWUJUDKAN SMART CITY DI KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: Santoso Eko Budi , Rahmadanita Annisa
Published: May 2021

Artikel ini mengulas hasil penelitian yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan smart government dalam mendukung terwujudnya smart city di Kota Bandung, khususnya pada penerapan smart government. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif berdasarkan konsep smart government menurut Cohen (2014), yang mencakup 3 dimensi yaitu online services, infrastructure, serta open government. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Smart government dalam rangka mewujudkan smart city di Kota Bandung yang dilihat dari 3 dimensi tersebut, secara umum menunjukkan karakteristik yang mendukung terwujudnya smart city di Kota Bandung. Dari ketiga aspek tersebut, terdapat 1 (satu) dimensi yang karakteristiknya kurang mendukung, yaitu aspek infrastructure. Pada dimensi infrastruktur ini terdapat permasalahan dari sisi kekurangan fiber optik, kepemilikan server dan data centre. Juga belum ada pemetaan infrastruktur sesuai kebutuhan Pemerintah Kota Bandung dalam menerapkan smart government. Oleh karena disarankan agar Pemerintah Kota Bandung dapat menyusun peta rencana kebutuhan dan pengembangan infrastruktur pada penerapan smart government dalam rangka mewujudkan smart city di Kota BandungArtikel ini mengulas hasil penelitian yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan smart government dalam mendukung terwujudnya smart city di Kota Bandung, khususnya pada penerapan smart government. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif berdasarkan konsep smart government menurut Cohen (2014), yang mencakup 3 dimensi yaitu online services, infrastructure, serta open government. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Smart government dalam rangka mewujudkan smart city di Kota Bandung yang dilihat dari 3 dimensi tersebut, secara umum menunjukkan karakteristik yang mendukung terwujudnya smart city di Kota Bandung. Dari ketiga aspek tersebut, terdapat 1 (satu) dimensi yang karakteristiknya kurang mendukung, yaitu aspek infrastructure. Pada dimensi infrastruktur ini terdapat permasalahan dari sisi kekurangan fiber optik, kepemilikan server dan data centre. Juga belum ada pemetaan infrastruktur sesuai kebutuhan Pemerintah Kota Bandung dalam menerapkan smart government. Oleh karena disarankan agar Pemerintah Kota Bandung dapat menyusun peta rencana kebutuhan dan pengembangan infrastruktur pada penerapan smart government dalam rangka mewujudkan smart city di Kota Bandung
Partisipasi Politik Masyarakat Dalam Pelaksanaan Pilkada Serentak Di Kota Ternate Provinsi Maluku Utara Tahun 2018 (Studi Kasus Di Kecamatan Ternate Selatan)
Authors: Arif Mukhti , Mulyana Mulyana
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini berfokus pada permasalahan masih adanya masyarakat yang terdaftar sebagai pemilih tetap namun belum menggunakan hak pilihnya, KPU dan pemerintah daerah masih kurang dalam melakukan sosialisasi kepada masyarakat, sebagian masyarakat lebih memilih untuk bekerja atau melakukan kegiatan lain daripada menggunakan hak suaranya pada proses partisipasi politik di Provinsi Maluku Utara. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sejauh mana tingkat partisipasi politik masyarakat dalam Pemilihan Kepala Daerah Serentak Tahun 2018, faktor penghambat dan pendukung partisipasi politik masyarakat serta upaya yang telah dilakukan untuk meningkatkan partisipasi politik masyarakat dalam Pemilihan Kepala Daerah Serentak Tahun 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa Partisipasi Politik Masyarakat dalam Pemilihan Kepala Daerah Serentak Tahun 2018 di Kecamatan Ternate Selatan masih kurang, dilihat dari banyaknya masyarakat yang tidak menggunakan hak pilihnya. Kondisi ini karena masih kurangnya pemahaman dan kesadaran masyarakat untuk ikut serta dalam Pilkada. Pada penyusunan daftar pemilih partisipasi masyarakat masih kurang karena susah ditemui pada saat pendataan, kemudian pada kegiatan kampanye partisipasi masyarakat juga masih kurang karena banyak yang memilih untuk bekerja dari pada datang mengikuti kampanye begitu juga partisipasi masyarakat dalam pemberian suara yang masih kurang dan tidak mencapai target KPU. Faktor penghambat partisipasi politik masyarakat dalam Pilkada yaitu status sosial dan status ekonomi. Adapun faktor pendukung partisipasi politik masyarakat dalam Pilkada yaitu afliasi politik orang tua dan pengalaman berorganisasi. Upaya yang telah dilakukan untuk meningkatkan partisipasi politik melalui kegiatan sosialisasi secara formal dan informal. Adapun saran yang disampaikan penulis, yaitu agar seluruh penyelenggara Pemilihan Kepala Daerah Serentak untuk melaksanakan sosialisasi, dengan meningkatkan komunikasi dan kordinasi antara KPU dengan Pemerintah Daerah agar sosialisasi dilakukan serta pendidikan politik yang berkelanjutan, proses rekruitmen panitia sesuai integritas dan keahlian.
PEMBERDAYAAN BURUH BATIK BAKARAN DI KABUPATEN PATI PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Alyani Neni , Santoso Eko Budi , Maulandani Nuke R. , Hidayat Enjang
Published: May 2021

Tulisan ini mendeskripsikan upaya pemberdayaan buruh batik di desa Bakaran Kabupaten Pati, Jawa Tengah. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode wawancara dan observasi. Hasilnya menunjukan bahwa terdapat permasalahan pada penerapan dan langkah-langkah pemberdayaan di desa Bakaran. Selain itu, terdapat pula faktor-faktor penghambat proses pemberdayaan buruh batik yang perlu diselesaikan dengan cara mengubah strategi dan model pemberdayaan yang ada yang sesuai dengan permasalahan yang muncul.

Kata kunci: pemberdayaan; usaha kecil; buruh; batik.
The Offense-Defense Balance and The Costs of Anarchy: When Welfare Improves Under Offensive Advantage
Authors: Bressler R. Daniel , Trager Robert F. , Dafoe Allan
Published: May 2021

A large literature has argued that offensive advantage makes states worse off because it can induce a security dilemma, preemption, costly conflict, and arms races. We argue instead that state welfare is u-shaped under increasing offensive advantage. We assess the offense-defense balance by considering a model where two states choose arms levels and decide whether to attack. High defensive advantage is first-best because attacking is difficult and the arms burdens required to deter attacks and maintain peace are low. High offensive advantage is comparatively worse because war is likely, but war tends to be smaller in scale, quicker, and less costly. Intermediate offensive advantage is worst because high arms burdens are required to deter attacks while wars, when they occur, are larger, longer, and more destructive. We discuss historical examples of this phenomenon including from the Warring States periods in China and Japan, the Federalist papers, and the World Wars.
The Relationship Between Clinical Manifestation and Histopatological Result in Non- Hodgkin Lymphoma: RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya
Authors: Rachma Glazydia Juwita , Bintoro Ugroseno Yudho , Andarsini Mia Ratwita , Widajanti Novira
Published: May 2021

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is a major public health problem with over 14.1 million people are diagnosed with it (2012). In the same year there were 8.2 million deaths due to cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between clinical manifestations and the degree of malignancy based on histopathological features in patients with Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma. This study used a retrospective analytical method with a cross-sectional approach using the patient's medical record at RSUD Dr. Soetomo, Surabaya who was diagnosed with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma from 1st January 2015 to 31st December 2017. In this study, there were 139 samples include those criteria, with a greater number of male samples (62.6%) compared to women (37.4%). This study showed that 49.3% of patients with non- Hodgkin's lymphoma in RSUD Dr. Soetomo with clinical manifestations without symptoms actually experience malignancy with a high degree, this showed that clinical manifestations without symptoms are not always associated with a low level of malignancy. Then, based on the Chi Square test results obtained p-value of 0.289 (>0.05), so there was no significant relationship between clinical manifestations and the degree of malignancy.

Keywords: lymphoma; manifestation; histopatological
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Post-Infarction Ventricular Septal Rupture
Authors: Suryono Suryono , Naesilla Naesilla , Kurniasari Ika Aulia , Hidayati Toyibatul , Tursina Madha Qoyyulledy , Madhoni Farid Lutfi , Sari Mirah Susanti Kartika
Published: May 2021

Background: Ventricular septal rupture (VSR) is a fatal mechanical complication following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The definitive treatment remains surgical repair, however several aspects are still debatable, including the timing of surgery. Patient’s refusal of treatment and lack of medical facilities put other challenges in management of VSR. Case presentation: A-48-year-old male with a history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension came with a late-presentation anterior AMI, and refused the reperfusion therapy. By the third day, he developed VSR and cardiogenic shock. The patient was also against any referral plan for further therapy. Hemodynamic status was optimally controlled with vasopressor and inotropic agents. The patient was discharged with a grade II-III New York Heart Association (NYHA) on the tenth day. In follow up evaluation a week later, the patient presented limb swelling and functional NYHA class III-IV. The patient agreed to received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Drug eluting stent (DES) in left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery was implanted successfully without defect closure. Follow-up after 12-months revealed no signs or symptoms of decompensated heart failure.

Keywords: ventricular septal rupture; percutaneous coronary intervention; acute myocardial infarction
Influences of Contingency Planning in Improving Preparedness of Tough Disaster Village Cadres in Facing Volcano Eruption Disaster in Blitar, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Anam Agus Khoirul , Winarni Sri , Abiddin Andi Hayyun
Published: May 2021

The Village cadres' respite of death or of a calamity is the community as leading perpetrator of in the process of bringing into reality the spiritual or postponed for a while as well as technical and village. The purpose of this research to identify the influence of contingency planning in improving disaster preparedness or postponed for a while of having young village people in charge of disaster management deal with disaster of volcanic eruption. The quasi-experimental design was used. We recruited 25 the tough disaster village cadres with a total population sampling method. The analysis of the t-test showed the t-value of -5.269 and p-value of 0.001, it means that there was significant difference of the preparedness of tough disaster village cadres in facing volcanic eruptions disaster between before and after being given contingency planning.

Keywords: contingency planning; preparedness; village; caders; volcano; disaster
Topology-Inspired Method Recovers Obfuscated Term Information From Induced Software Call-Stacks
Authors: Maggs Kelly , Robins Vanessa
Published: May 2021

Fuzzing is a systematic large-scale search for software vulnerabilities achieved by feeding a sequence of randomly mutated input files to the program of interest with the goal being to induce a crash. The information about inputs, software execution traces, and induced call stacks (crashes) can be used to pinpoint and fix errors in the code or exploited as a means to damage an adversary’s computer software. In black box fuzzing, the primary unit of information is the call stack: a list of nested function calls and line numbers that report what the code was executing at the time it crashed. The source code is not always available in practice, and in some situations even the function names are deliberately obfuscated (i.e., removed or given generic names). We define a topological object called the call-stack topology to capture the relationships between module names, function names and line numbers in a set of call stacks obtained via black-box fuzzing. In a proof-of-concept study, we show that structural properties of this object in combination with two elementary heuristics allow us to build a logistic regression model to predict the locations of distinct function names over a set of call stacks. We show that this model can extract function name locations with around 80% precision in data obtained from fuzzing studies of various linux programs. This has the potential to benefit software vulnerability experts by increasing their ability to read and compare call stacks more efficiently.
An Experimentally Validated Finite Element Model of the Lower Limb to Investigate the Efficacy of Blast Mitigation Systems
Authors: Rebelo Eduardo A. , Grigoriadis Grigoris , Carpanen Diagarajen , Bull Anthony M. J. , Masouros Spyros D.
Published: May 2021

Improvised explosive devices (IEDs) used in the battlefield cause damage to vehicles and their occupants. The injury burden to the casualties is significant. The biofidelity and practicality of current methods for assessing current protection to reduce the injury severity is limited. In this study, a finite-element (FE) model of the leg was developed and validated in relevant blast-loading conditions, and then used to quantify the level of protection offered by a combat boot. An FE model of the leg of a 35 years old male cadaver was developed. The cadaveric leg was tested physically in a seated posture using a traumatic injury simulator and the results used to calibrate the FE model. The calibrated model predicted hindfoot forces that were in good correlation (using the CORrelation and Analysis or CORA tool) with data from force sensors; the average correlation and analysis rating (according to ISO18571) was 0.842. The boundary conditions of the FE model were then changed to replicate pendulum tests conducted in previous studies which impacted the leg at velocities between 4 and 6.7 m/s. The FE model results of foot compression and peak force at the proximal tibia were within the experimental corridors reported in the studies. A combat boot was then incorporated into the validated computational model. Simulations were run across a range of blast-related loading conditions. The predicted proximal tibia forces and associated risk of injury indicated that the combat boot reduced the injury severity for low severity loading cases with higher times to peak velocity. The reduction in injury risk varied between 6 and 37% for calcaneal minor injuries, and 1 and 54% for calcaneal major injuries. No injury-risk reduction was found for high severity loading cases. The validated FE model of the leg developed here was able to quantify the protection offered by a combat boot to vehicle occupants across a range of blast-related loading conditions. It can now be used as a design and as an assessment tool to quantify the level of blast protection offered by other mitigation technologies.
An in vitro Perfused Macroencapsulation Device to Study Hemocompatibility and Survival of Islet-Like Cell Clusters
Authors: Fernandez Stephanie A. , Danielczak Lisa , Gauvin-Rossignol Gabrielle , Hasilo Craig , Bégin-Drolet André , Ruel Jean , Paraskevas Steven , Leask Richard L. , Hoesli Corinne A.
Published: May 2021

Transplantation of hydrogel-encapsulated pancreatic islets is a promising long-term treatment for type 1 diabetes that restores blood glucose regulation while providing graft immunoprotection. Most human-scale islet encapsulation devices that rely solely on diffusion fail to provide sufficient surface area to meet islet oxygen demands. Perfused macroencapsulation devices use blood flow to mitigate oxygen limitations but increase the complexity of blood-device interactions. Here we describe a human-scale in vitro perfusion system to study hemocompatibility and performance of islet-like cell clusters (ILCs) in alginate hydrogel. A cylindrical perfusion device was designed for multi-day culture without leakage, contamination, or flow occlusion. Rat blood perfusion was assessed for prothrombin time and international normalized ratio and demonstrated no significant change in clotting time. Ex vivo perfusion performed with rats showed patency of the device for over 100 min using Doppler ultrasound imaging. PET-CT imaging of the device successfully visualized metabolically active mouse insulinoma 6 ILCs. ILCs cultured for 7 days under static conditions exhibited abnormal morphology and increased activated caspase-3 staining when compared with the perfused device. These findings reinforce the need for convective transport in macroencapsulation strategies and offer a robust and versatile in vitro system to better inform preclinical design.
Therapeutic Targeting of Notch Signaling: From Cancer to Inflammatory Disorders
Authors: Allen Frederick , Maillard Ivan
Published: May 2021

Over the past two decades, the Notch signaling pathway has been investigated as a therapeutic target for the treatment of cancers, and more recently in the context of immune and inflammatory disorders. Notch is an evolutionary conserved pathway found in all metazoans that is critical for proper embryonic development and for the postnatal maintenance of selected tissues. Through cell-to-cell contacts, Notch orchestrates cell fate decisions and differentiation in non-hematopoietic and hematopoietic cell types, regulates immune cell development, and is integral to shaping the amplitude as well as the quality of different types of immune responses. Depriving some cancer types of Notch signals has been shown in preclinical studies to stunt tumor growth, consistent with an oncogenic function of Notch signaling. In addition, therapeutically antagonizing Notch signals showed preclinical potential to prevent or reverse inflammatory disorders, including autoimmune diseases, allergic inflammation and immune complications of life-saving procedures such allogeneic bone marrow and solid organ transplantation (graft-versus-host disease and graft rejection). In this review, we discuss some of these unique approaches, along with the successes and challenges encountered so far to target Notch signaling in preclinical and early clinical studies. Our goal is to emphasize lessons learned to provide guidance about emerging strategies of Notch-based therapeutics that could be deployed safely and efficiently in patients with immune and inflammatory disorders.
Approaching Protein Barriers: Emerging Mechanisms of Replication Pausing in Eukaryotes
Authors: Shyian Maksym , Shore David
Published: May 2021

During nuclear DNA replication multiprotein replisome machines have to jointly traverse and duplicate the total length of each chromosome during each cell cycle. At certain genomic locations replisomes encounter tight DNA-protein complexes and slow down. This fork pausing is an active process involving recognition of a protein barrier by the approaching replisome via an evolutionarily conserved Fork Pausing/Protection Complex (FPC). Action of the FPC protects forks from collapse at both programmed and accidental protein barriers, thus promoting genome integrity. In addition, FPC stimulates the DNA replication checkpoint and regulates topological transitions near the replication fork. Eukaryotic cells have been proposed to employ physiological programmed fork pausing for various purposes, such as maintaining copy number at repetitive loci, precluding replication-transcription encounters, regulating kinetochore assembly, or controlling gene conversion events during mating-type switching. Here we review the growing number of approaches used to study replication pausing in vivo and in vitro as well as the characterization of additional factors recently reported to modulate fork pausing in different systems. Specifically, we focus on the positive role of topoisomerases in fork pausing. We describe a model where replisome progression is inherently cautious, which ensures general preservation of fork stability and genome integrity but can also carry out specialized functions at certain loci. Furthermore, we highlight classical and novel outstanding questions in the field and propose venues for addressing them. Given how little is known about replisome pausing at protein barriers in human cells more studies are required to address how conserved these mechanisms are.
Overexpression of PLXDC2 in Stromal Cell-Associated M2 Macrophages Is Related to EMT and the Progression of Gastric Cancer
Authors: Guan Yiming , Du Yuzhang , Wang Guanzheng , Gou Hongquan , Xue Yilun , Xu Jingsong , Li Enhao , Chan David W. , Wu Di , Xu Peiqing , Ni Peihua , Xu Dakang , Hu Yiqun
Published: May 2021

The tumor microenvironment (TME) comprises distinct cell types, including stromal types such as fibroblast cells and macrophage cells, which have recently become a critical factor in tumor development and progression. Here, we identified the TME-related gene, plexin domain containing 2 (PLXDC2), in a high-stromal-score population. And we revealed that this gene was related to poor survival and advanced (tumor-node-metastasis) stage in gastric cancer (GC) patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. An integrated gene profile and functional analysis of the proportions of tumor-infiltrating immune cells revealed that the expression of the M2 macrophages cell marker CD163 was positively correlated with PLXDC2 expression. In addition, the M2 macrophages gene signature and high PLXDC2 expression were associated with the inflammatory signaling pathway and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related gene signature. Single-cell study of GC identified PLXDC2 was enriched specifically in fibroblasts and monocytes/macrophages populations, which supported its important role in the stroma. Furthermore, according to a tissue microarray immunohistochemistry analysis, the expression of PLXDC2 elevated in human GC stromal specimens compared to tumor tissue specimens. Moreover, PLXDC2 overexpression in the stromal compartment was associated with CD163-positive regulatory M2 macrophages, and its functions were related to the pathogenesis of GC. Multiplexed immunohistochemistry verified PLXDC2’s correlation with EMT markers. Our data suggested that PLXDC2 was expressed in stromal cells and that its crosstalk with tumor-associated macrophages could contribute to cancer biology by inducing the EMT process.
Echinoderm Microtubule Associated Protein Like 1 Is Indispensable for Oocyte Spindle Assembly and Meiotic Progression in Mice
Authors: Yin Hong , Zhang Teng , Wang Hao , Hu Xin , Hou Xuan , Fang Xianbao , Yin Yaoxue , Li Hui , Shi Lanying , Su You-Qiang
Published: May 2021

Completion of the first meiosis is an essential prerequisite for producing a functionally normal egg for fertilization and embryogenesis, but the precise mechanisms governing oocyte meiotic progression remains largely unclear. Here, we report that echinoderm microtubule associated protein (EMAP) like 1 (EML1), a member of the conserved EMAP family proteins, plays a crucial role in the control of oocyte meiotic progression in the mouse. Female mice carrying an ENU-induced nonsense mutation (c.1956T > A; p.Tyr652∗) ofEml1are infertile, and the majority of their ovulated oocytes contain abnormal spindles and misaligned chromosomes. In accordance with the mutant oocyte phenotype, we find that EML1 is colocalized with spindle microtubules during the process of normal oocyte meiotic maturation, and knockdown (KD) of EML1 by specific morpholinos in the fully grown oocytes (FGOs) disrupts the integrity of spindles, and delays meiotic progression. Moreover, EML1-KD oocytes fail to progress to metaphase II (MII) stage after extrusion of the first polar body, but enter into interphase and form a pronucleus containing decondensed chromatins. Further analysis shows that EML1-KD impairs the recruitment of γ-tubulin and pericentrin to the spindle poles, as well as the attachment of kinetochores to microtubules and the proper inactivation of spindle assembly checkpoint at metaphase I (MI). The loss of EML1 also compromises the activation of maturation promoting factor around the time of oocyte resumption and completion of the first meiosis, which, when corrected by WEE1/2 inhibitor PD166285, efficiently rescues the phenotype of oocyte delay of meiotic resumption and inability of reaching MII. Through IP- mass spectrometry analysis, we identified that EML1 interacts with nuclear distribution gene C (NUDC), a critical mitotic regulator in somatic cells, and EML1-KD disrupts the specific localization of NUDC at oocyte spindles. Taken together, these data suggest that EML1 regulates acentrosomal spindle formation and the progression of meiosis to MII in mammalian oocytes, which is likely mediated by distinct mechanisms.
Applying Cryo-X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy to Study the Surface Chemical Composition of Fungi and Viruses
Authors: Shchukarev Andrey , Backman Emelie , Watts Samuel , Salentinig Stefan , Urban Constantin F. , Ramstedt Madeleine
Published: May 2021

Interaction between microorganisms and their surroundings are generally mediatedviathe cell wall or cell envelope. An understanding of the overall chemical composition of these surface layers may give clues on how these interactions occur and suggest mechanisms to manipulate them. This knowledge is key, for instance, in research aiming to reduce colonization of medical devices and device-related infections from different types of microorganisms. In this context, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a powerful technique as its analysis depth below 10 nm enables studies of the outermost surface structures of microorganism. Of specific interest for the study of biological systems is cryogenic XPS (cryo-XPS). This technique allows studies of intact fast-frozen hydrated samples without the need for pre-treatment procedures that may cause the cell structure to collapse or change due to the loss of water. Previously, cryo-XPS has been applied to study bacterial and algal surfaces with respect to their composition of lipids, polysaccharides and peptide (protein and/or peptidoglycan). This contribution focuses onto two other groups of microorganisms with widely different architecture and modes of life, namely fungi and viruses. It evaluates to what extent existing models for data treatment of XPS spectra can be applied to understand the chemical composition of their very different surface layers. XPS data from model organisms as well as reference substances representing specific building blocks of their surface were collected and are presented. These results aims to guide future analysis of the surface chemical composition of biological systems.
Study on the Optimization of Cu-Zn-Sn-O to Prepare Cu2ZnSnS4 Thin Film via a Nano Ink Coating Method
Authors: Li Qian , Hu Jinpeng , Cui Yaru , Wang Juan , Du Jinjing , Wang Miao , Hao Yu , Shen Tong , Duan Lizhen , Wang Simin , Sun Ke
Published: May 2021

To reduce the formation of the impurity phase, a buffer volume can be used to expands and smooths the surface of Cu2ZnSnS4(CZTS) thin film. In this study, a Cu-Zn-Sn-O(CZTO) precursor was synthesized through the process of coprecipitation-calcination-ball milling-spin coating. The influence of pH, temperature, and PVP on the constituent of hydroxides was investigated in the process of coprecipitation. Cu-Zn-Sn-O with appropriate compositions could be obtained by regulating the temperature and preservation time of the calcination stage. After ball milling to form a nano ink, and then spin coating, SEM images proved the generation of CZTO precursors, which effectively promoted the formation of Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films. Finally, the phase, microstructure, chemical composition, and optical properties of the Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films prepared by sulfurized annealing CZTO precursors were characterized by EDX, XRD, Raman, FESEM, Hall effect, and UV methods. The prepared CZTS thin film demonstrated a band gap of 1.30 eV, which was suitable for improving the performance of CZTS thin film solar cells.
The Dual Role of Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1 in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Chen Jiefang , Su Ying , Pi Shulan , Hu Bo , Mao Ling
Published: May 2021

Low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein-1 (LRP1) is a large endocytic and signaling receptor belonging to the LDL receptor (LDLR) gene family and that is widely expressed in several tissues. LRP1 comprises a large extracellular domain (ECD; 515 kDa, α chain) and a small intracellular domain (ICD; 85 kDa, β chain). The deletion of LRP1 leads to embryonic lethality in mice, revealing a crucial but yet undefined role in embryogenesis and development. LRP1 has been postulated to participate in numerous diverse physiological and pathological processes ranging from plasma lipoprotein homeostasis, atherosclerosis, tumor evolution, and fibrinolysis to neuronal regeneration and survival. Many studies using cultured cells and in vivo animal models have revealed the important roles of LRP1 in vascular remodeling, foam cell biology, inflammation and atherosclerosis. However, its role in atherosclerosis remains controversial. LRP1 not only participates in the removal of atherogenic lipoproteins and proatherogenic ligands in the liver but also mediates the uptake of aggregated LDL to promote the formation of macrophage- and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)-derived foam cells, which causes a prothrombotic transformation of the vascular wall. The dual and opposing roles of LRP1 may also represent an interesting target for atherosclerosis therapeutics. This review highlights the influence of LRP1 during atherosclerosis development, focusing on its dual role in vascular cells and immune cells.