bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Student Decision-Making: A Survey on the Potential Use of the Harvard Project in the Social Studies Classroom
Authors: Byford Jeffrey M. , Milam Alisha
Published: December 2024

This manuscript illustrates the potential use of The Harvard Social Studies Project’s (HSSP) ability to promote student decision-making skills by implementing case study material to increase the use of standards-based curriculum and accountability measures in social studies classrooms.
Data was developed through a short survey and collected from social studies teachers in the State of Tennessee, USA. Findings indicated that most teachers surveyed would use HSSP public issues lessons as a supplemental curriculum to promote values clarification and inquiry with standardized
and required standards-based curricula.
Major Models of Curriculum Design Globally
Authors: Zajda Joseph
Published: December 2024

This article examines the politics of curriculum design and evaluation in school settings globally. It examines the role of ideology and dominant meta-narratives of standards and academic achievement culture and its impact on education policy, curriculum design and implementation. The
article discusses major models of curriculum design and their impact on teaching and learning in schools It is concluded that standards-driven and outcomes-defined policy changes have impacted on curriculum design and development globally.
A new partnership framework for education with geoparks at its core: a proposal through the evaluation of the school education program in Shikaoi, Japan
Authors: Xiang Shirou , Watanabe Teiji
Published: December 2024

The primary objectives of geoparks are to conserve geoheritage, enhance public awareness and understanding of geoscience, and drive sustainable economic growth in local communities. Education acts as the cornerstone in achieving these three objectives, as it provides the necessary foundation for their realization. This study proposes a new educational framework to promote the sustainable development of geoparks by evaluating the effecacy of the past geoeducation program. Specifically, this study focused on the Tokachi-Shikaoi Geopark and Hokkaido Shikaoi High School. A mixed methodology was employed, including content analysis of the textbooks, online questionnaire surveys of high school students, and field interviews with key informants. The results revealed that while geoeducation with well-prepared textbooks was encouraged in schools in Shikaoi Town until 2018, there is a need to revitalize geopark education in an alternative way for the future. We proposed a new partnership framework for the educational program among the  geopark, universities, elementary, junior high, and high schools, and other stakeholders to maximize the geopark resources in the proposed program through the effective use of existing textbook assets. The results of the questionnaire surveys found that not only indoor learning with textbooks, but also outdoor learning at geosites is important. The results of the interview survey suggested the need to offer training and support for schoolteachers. To address budget constraints, this study proposed the inclusion of support from universities and the introduction of e-textbooks featuring geopark-related knowledge. This study highlights the crucial role of education in promoting sustainable development in Tokachi-Shikaoi Geopark. The insights gained have broader implications for education in other geoparks, offering valuable guidance for enhancing the quality and effectiveness of education in geoparks.
S100a4+ alveolar macrophages accelerate the progression of precancerous atypical adenomatous hyperplasia by promoting fatty acid metabolism
Authors: Huang Hong , Yang Ying , Zhang Qiuju , Yang Yongfeng , Xiong Zhenqi , Mao Shengqiang , Song Tingting , Wang Yilong , Liu Zhiqiang , Bu Hong , Zhang Li , Zhang Le
Published: December 2024

Lung cancer is preceded by premalignant lesions, and what factors drive this transformation and the potential regulatory mode in the context of tumor initiation remain to be elucidated. In the course of precancerous lesions, we found a phasic shift in metabolic patterns. Macrophages are a heterogeneous cell population with high plasticity in the tumor microenvironment. Single-cell interaction and metabolic analyses highlighted a cellular state, S100a4
+
alveolar macrophages, which exhibited distinct fatty acid metabolic activity, such as palmitic acid metabolism, at the atypical adenomatous hyperplasia stage, accompanied by an angiogenic promoting function in a pre-neoplastic setting. These findings were reproducible in human single-cell transcriptome and had been confirmed by histopathological staining and in vitro cell coculture assays. Taken together, the results from this study demonstrated that specific alveolar macrophage subset contributes to tumorigenesis by altering its metabolic state, suggesting that metabolic interventions targeting this cell state in the early stage of disease may delay neoplastic transformation of the lung epithelium.
A brainstem circuit controls cough-like airway defensive behaviors in mice
Authors: Xu Xiaoshan , Nie Xiupeng , Zhang Weijia , Jiang He-Hai , Liu Bingyi , Ren Yanyan , Wang Tingting , Xu Xiang , Yang Jing , Luo Fujun
Published: December 2024

The respiratory tract is subject to complex neural control for eupneic breathing and distinct airway defensive reflexes. Growing evidence has highlighted significant heterogeneity of airway-innervating vagal sensory neurons in mediating various respiratory functions, however, the central neuronal pathways and neural circuits involved in the airway regulation remain less understood. Combining whole-body plethysmography (WBP), audio, and video tracking to access breathing and airway defensive behaviors in conscious animals, we developed a quantitative paradigm implementing the mouse as a model to study cough-like defensive behaviors. Using TRAP2 transgenic mice and in vivo fiber photometry, we found that the neural activity in the caudal spinal trigeminal nucleus (SP5C) is strongly correlated with tussigen-evoked cough-like responses. Impairing synaptic outputs or chemogenetic inhibition of the SP5C effectively abolished these cough-like reflexes. Optogenetic stimulation of SP5C excitatory neurons or their projections to the ventral respiratory group (VRG) triggered robust cough-like behaviors without tussive stimuli. Notably, tonic elevation of SP5C excitability caused spontaneous cough-like activities chronically in mice. Together, our data provide strong evidence for a previously unrecognized brainstem circuit that controls cough-like defensive behaviors in mice.
Mid1 deletion leads to cognitive dysfunction in Opitz syndrome by regulates neural rhythms through the inhibition of p-Creb by PP2Ac
Authors: Yang Ziye , Li Pengxiang , Chen Yue , Guo Xiaoyu , Liu Ping , Ni Guangjian , Liu Shuang , Chen Liqun , Ming Dong
Published: December 2024

MID1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase of the tripartite motif (TRIM) subfamily of RING-containing protein
1
. MID1 is involved in many basic biological processes, especially during embryonic development. Mutation, truncation or complete deletion of
MID1
gene is the cause of Opitz G/BBB syndrome (OS). OS is a rare genetic disease of nervous system, which is characterized by midline structural development defects during embryogenesis, including structural brain abnormalities, developmental retardation and mental retardation
2
. Although the function of
MID1
has been studied for many years, the effect and mechanism of complete deletion of
MID1
gene on OS nervous system still need to be further explored. Here we find that
Mid1
gene is necessary for the normal development of hippocampus (HPC), and
Mid1
gene knockout (
Mid1

-/y

) mice showed a significant decrease in α rhythm in HPC and abnormal synchronization of γ rhythm in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus (PFC-HPC), showing decreased synaptic plasticity and learning and memory dysfunction.
From Breaches to Breachers
Authors: Christoforidou Despina
Published: December 2024

This article offers a development of Garfinkel’s (1984) breaching experiments. The discussed breaches are not artificially staged to provoke a reaction, instead they occur naturally in the context, in this case the design field. Also, the focus shifts from the breaches to the people enacting them, the breachers. Three examples of breachers are compared, enabling a deepened understanding of what they have in common, what sets them apart, and what they reveal about the prevalent conditions of the context in which they occur. From a position of in-betweenness/ “mellanförskap”, breachers illuminate blindspots and push the boundaries of what questions are possible to ask in their respective fields. Not only breaches, but also breachers offer valuable friction, building norm awareness that is a premise for norm criticism and ultimately norm creativity.
Craft Learning at Home
Authors: Cooke Sally
Published: December 2024

This paper presents findings from a practice-informed, participatory textile craft research study focusing on the experiences of people learning to make clothes for themselves at home. Necessitated by the social distancing restrictions of the Covid-19 pandemic, the study used a combination of journaling and video elicitation methods rather than the in-person workshop-based methodology originally planned for it. While these remote methods limited the community aspect of learning, they also provided an authentic insight into practices undertaken within the home, where both on- and offline resources are used to support learning. The hybrid nature of the research, which involved embodied material craft practices being captured and relayed by participants through digital means, mirrored the way that much contemporary home sewing practice is conveyed. As for other crafts, the popularity of home sewing has been greatly amplified online over the last twenty years. The resurgence of interest in sewing has been associated with a new generation of sewing patterns and instructions as well as a vast array of amateur and professional online content from which sewing beginners glean inspiration, information and instruction. This paper elucidates what happens when sewing beginners encounter these resources and try to make sense of them in material form in relation to their own bodies, skills and material surroundings. The limitations of video in relaying craft practices and the challenges of conveying embodied and tacit knowledge between individuals are highlighted as a result.
The epigenetic role of EZH2 in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Fang Jinyong , Zhang Jingcheng , Zhu Lujian , Xin Xiaoru , Hu Huixian
Published: December 2024

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a malignant disease of the bone marrow, is characterized by the clonal expansion of myeloid progenitor cells and a block in differentiation. The high heterogeneity of AML significantly impedes the development of effective treatment strategies. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), the catalytic subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), regulates the expression of downstream target genes through the trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone 3 (H3K27me3). Increasing evidence suggests that the dysregulation of EZH2 expression in various cancers is closely associated with tumorigenesis. In the review, we examine the role of EZH2 in AML, highlighting its crucial involvement in regulating stemness, proliferation, differentiation, immune response, drug resistance and recurrence. Furthermore, we summarize the application of EZH2 inhibitors in AML treatment and discuss their potential in combination with other therapeutic modalities. Therefore, targeting EZH2 may represent a novel and promising strategy for the treatment of AML.
Review of The Snake and the Mongoose: The Emergence of Identity in Early Indian Religion. By Nathan McGovern
Authors: Lubin Timothy
Published: December 2024

The Snake and the Mongoose: The Emergence of Identity in Early Indian Religion. By Nathan McGovern. New York: Oxford University Press, 2019. Pp. xi + 313. $105.
Biochemical Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid in Paediatric Patients: Insights from a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Otokunefor Ochuko , Wonodi Woroma
Published: December 2024

Aim: Cerebrospinal fluid analysis is an investigation routinely carried out in patients to make a diagnosis, exclude a diagnosis or treat infectious and non -infectious diseases of the nervous system. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid could be biochemical, microbiological or hematological.
The aim of the study was to review the characteristics of biochemical analysis of cerebrospinal fluid requests over a one-year period (January to December 2023) in a tertiary health facility.
Study Design: This was a retrospective descriptive study of the biochemical analysis of 106 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples over a one-year period in a tertiary health facility.
Methodology: Data on the age, sex, diagnosis of the patients and the results of the biochemical analysis of the CSF were analysed using the SPSS 24 and results presented as descriptive data.
Results: A total of 106 CSF specimen were analysed with only two specimen  from adults. Most of the specimen were from males (male to female ratio is 2.25:1) while the most common diagnoses for requesting for CSF analysis were meningitis, sepsis and febrile convulsion. Most specimen were sent between the months of October (9%), December (13%) and January to March (37%). The total number of CSF glucose results that were low when compared to the plasma glucose was 45 which is 42.3%. A little lower than a fifth 21  which is 19.8% had increased protein levels.
Conclusion: The CSF biochemistry request pattern showed that most of the specimen were from the paediatrics department, with a higher male preponderance, the three main working diagnoses were, meningitis, sepsis and febrile convulsions. 42.3% of the specimen had reduced glucose levels, while 19.8% had increased protein levels. Improperly filled forms constituted a limitation to the study.
Variability Studies in Soybean Genotypes under Different Water Regimes
Authors: Mishra Sheshnath , Patidar Durgesh
Published: December 2024

Soybean (Glycine max L.)  is economically one of the most important oilseed crop worldwide which have high protein and oil content. Its productivity is frequently affected due to drought occurrence in India. Variability for root shoot traits under early seedling stage under drought stress may be important selection criteria for development of drought tolerant genotypes. The present investigation was carried out at Net house of Experimental Farm, Mandsaur University, Mandsaur. Sixty genotypes, procured from ICAR-IISR, were used to know the extent of genetic variability under different water regimes [normal, 100 ml (100%), S1, 50 ml (50%), S2, 25 ml (25%) and S3,0 ml (0%)] for root-soot traits and relative leaf water content under early seedling stage. Significant genetic variability was recorded for all the traits among genotypes studied under normal and water stress conditions respectively which showed the presence of ample variability in studied material. High Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation than their corresponding Genotypic Coefficient of Variation for the entire trait under different water regimes denoted influence of environment on these traits. The large genetic variation found in these genotypes may be used to develop varieties with better drought tolerance behavior and used as drought donor lines in drought breeding programs. We measured high heritability for selected characters under non water stress condition (75.05% to 100%) and water stress conditions S1 (81.40% to 100%), S2 (85.69% to 100%) and S3 (92.60% to 99.26%) respectively. Additive gene action interacted to control characters under different water regimes because high broad sense heritability along with high genetic advance as percentage of mean were recorded for most of traits. It is indicating that simple phenotypic selection would be effective for these traits under water stress condition.
Employee Attrition Prediction Based on Gradient Boosting Approach
Authors: Bhutada Sunil , Lakshmi K Rajya , Rajaramesh G
Published: December 2024

In today's organizational landscape, predicting employee attrition has emerged as a critical concern. The departure of trained, technical, and pivotal staff members poses significant challenges, including financial setbacks incurred in their replacement. To address this, organizations harness current and historical employee data to discern prevalent attrition triggers. Employing established classification methodologies such as Decision Tree, Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Support vector machine, and Gradient boosting Algorithms are constructed using human resource data. Leveraging feature selection techniques, these models facilitate proactive measures to mitigate attrition risks. By accurately forecasting attrition, companies not only fortify their workforce stability but also enhance economic resilience through diminished human resource expenditures. This proactive approach not only aids in retaining valuable talent but also fosters sustainable growth by fostering an environment conducive to employee retention and organizational stability.
Comparative Effects of Organic Nutrient Sources on Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.) Quality and Soil Properties
Authors: Patoliya S. V. , Patel P. M. , Timbadia C.K.
Published: December 2024

A field experiment was conducted during summer season of the year 2020-21 on organic certified plot A-7 at Agronomy Farm, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat. Different sources of organic manures were tested using randomized block design with four replications. The treatment T7 (50% N through FYM followed by Seed treatment of Rhizobium) recorded significantly higher available nitrogen content (212 kg/ha) in soil and also same behaviour observed in available phosphorus content in soil. The treatment T9 (50% N through castor cake followed by Seed treatment of Rhizobium) recorded significantly higher available phosphorus content in soil. Significantly higher value of EC of soil (0.18) was found in treatment T1, which was significantly higher EC of soil (0.11) which was recorded with treatment T9. Higher organic carbon (0.65%) of soil after harvest of green gram was observed in treatment T8. Significantly higher nitrogen content in seed of green gram was obtained with application of treatments T10. Treatment T2 [Rhizobium (5.0 mL/kg seed treatment and 1.0 L/ha soil application)] recorded significantly higher Rhizobium population in soil at harvest of green gram. Subsequent, treatment T6 (100 % N through neem cake) recorded significantly higher phosphorus solubilising bacteria (PSB) population in soil as compared to control.  The maximum net return 63287 INR/ha was obtained with application of treatment T10 (50% N through NC + Rhizobium seed treatment) followed by treatment T7 (50% N through FYM + Rhizobium seed treatment) with net realization of 54063 INR/ha. With respect to benefit cost ratio, the highest 3.62 BCR was achieved with Treatment T7, which closely followed by treatment T2 (Rhizobium seed treatment + 1.0 L/ha soil application) having BCR of 3.52.
Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Salmonella Enterica Isolated from Improved Poultry Breed Farming Chain, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Rasve Radha , Waghamare Rupesh , Siddiqui Feroz , Jadhav Nitin , Khose Kakasaheb , Kuntawar Nandini
Published: December 2024

Aims: With rising demand for poultry meat, globally backyard farms have adopted semi-intensive systems using improved birds. Food safety is a prime issue in antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella spp. found in meat, which has often been traced back to farms.
Study Design:  We carried out a cross-sectional prospective study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in selected districts of Maharashtra India during October 2023 to March 2024.
Methodology: A total of 364 samples were collected from improved indigenous poultry breed hatcheries (n=5), improved indigenous breed commercial farms (n=5), and improved breed rearing backyard poultry setups (n=30) in Marathwada, Maharashtra state, India. The isolation of Salmonella spp. was carried out as per IS-5887 (Part 3): 1999 protocol. The bacterial isolates were further identified by cultural, microscopic morphology and biochemical characteristics (BAM 2007). Confirmation of Salmonella spp. was done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays with primers designed for the invA gene. All Salmonella isolates were subjected for antibiotic susceptibility testing by disk diffusion method against 14 commonly used antimicrobials. Further, isolates were characterized for the presence of blaTEM, blaSHV, blaOXA, blaCTXM, tetA, and Sul1 AMR genes.
Results: A total of 15 isolates recovered with prevalence rates of 4.83, 6.36, and 1.53 percent in hatcheries, farms, and backyard households, respectively. Five isolates that were randomly analyzed showed a homologous sequence as Salmonella enterica. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of all isolates revealed higher resistance against Erythromycin (100%), followed by Ceftazidime (40%), while sensitivity (93.33%), was recorded against Ampicillin/Sulbactam, Amoxicillin/Sulbactam, and Enrofloxacin. The average multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index, of Salmonella isolates was 0.117. Genotypic resistance pattern revealed that all isolates (100%) were carrying the blaTEM gene, while none were harbouring broad spectrum extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (blaSHV, blaOXA, and blaCTXM) genes. All isolates were positive for the tetA gene (100%) but none of them was positive for Sul1 genes.
Conclusion: The study highlights the low antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella isolates isolated from Improved Poultry Breed Farming Chain, which might be due to low usage of antimicrobials. However, monitoring of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica in improved poultry breed farming chains is essential to protect human health.
Perfil comparativo epidemio-oncológico no Brasil: uma abordagem comparativa entre os anos de 2013 e 2022 Epidemio-oncologic comparative profile in Brazil: a comparative approach between the years 2013 to 2022
Authors: Araújo Antheya Samanta da Nobrega , Nagano Stephanie Yuka Matwijszyn , Rocha Maria Eduarda Cordeiro Barroso , Santos Sueleide Cristina Dantas dos , Fonseca Michelle Carneiro , Júnior Adriano Menino de Macêdo
Published: December 2024

Introdução: O câncer é o conjunto de 100 doenças que tem, em comum, o crescimento desordenado celular, e
sucessivamente, o acometimento de outros órgãos e tecidos do corpo humano. Metodologia: Estudo de caráter
retroativo, com método predominantemente descritivo e comparativo, e com abordagem quali-quantitativa.
Resultados: Em 2013, destacamos o sexo feminino com maior percentual: 52,9% (n= 95.070) de casos; já em 2022, também foram registrados maior contingente de eventos oncológicos no sexo feminino: 59,8% (n= 237.528); Sobressaíram-se as idades de 55 a 59 anos; 60 a 64 anos e de 65 a 69 anos: em 2013: 12% (n= 22.776), 13% (n= 24.538) e 12% (n= 22.886); em 2022: 11% (n= 44.807), 12% (n= 50.668) e 12% (n= 50.599) de novos casos oncológicos; Delimitando-se para as Regiões a predominância maior dos casos ocorreram em:
2013, Nordeste: 21,5% (n= 37.369); Sudeste: 47,03% (n= 81.773) e Sul: 21,1% (n= 36.721). Em 2022, tem-se:
Nordeste com 23,8% (n= 54.106); Sudeste com 43,5% (n= 98.956) e Sul com 24,4% (n= 55.488) de novos casos
de neoplasias malignas registradas. os três tipos de cânceres que mais acometeram a população no período
investigado: em 2013 temos os C50, C61 e C53; já em 2022 tivemos os CID: C44, C50 e C61; com relação ao
estadiamento oncológico: 2013 o registro de 21,13% (n= 37.954) para nível de estadiamento 3, seguido do nível
4 que percentuou um total de 20,38% (n= 36.600). Em 2022 essa informação foi subnotificada. A modalidade
terapêutica adota em 2013 foi: quimioterapia com 57,6% (n= 103.536) e radioterapia com 24,3% (n= 43.692). Em 2022, a cirurgia 20,9% (n= 83.197) e a quimioterapia 6,01% (n= 23.886) foram as modalidades terapêuticas mais buscadas
Non‐Fenton‐Type Hydroxyl Radical Generation and Photothermal Effect by Mitochondria‐Targeted WSSe/MnO2 Nanocomposite Loaded with Isoniazid for Synergistic Anticancer Treatment
Authors: Cheng Yaru , Yang Fan , Zhang Kai , Zhang Yiyi , Cao Yu , Liu Conghui , Lu Huiting , Dong Haifeng , Zhang Xueji
Published: September 2019

Here, in terms of the highly reactive oxidative hydroxyl radical (•OH) generation ability of isoniazid (INH) catalyzed by Mn2+ ion and the photothermal effect of WSSe nanoflakes, a WSSe/MnO2‐INH nanocomposite for synergistic anticancer treatment is developed. Advanced INH‐induced •OH formation ability is systemically demonstrated in the presence of manganese and relevant non‐Fenton‐type mechanism, and good photothermal conversion efficiency of the WSSe/MnO2 nanocomposite. After modifying with mitochondria‐targeted triphenylphosphonium bromide (TPP) moieties and camouflaging with cancer cells membrane (WSSe/MnO2‐INH‐TPP@CM), it confers a sequential cell‐to‐mitochondria targeting ability. In vivo X‐ray computed tomography and magnetic resonance tumor imaging capability of the nanocomposite are also revealed. The mitochondria‐targeted oxidative damage and photothermal therapy by WSSe/MnO2‐INH‐TPP@CM results in excellent anticancer treatment efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. This is the first exploration of the possibility of non‐Fenton‐type •OH formation for anticancer treatment, which opens new opportunities for ROS‐based and combined cancer treatment strategies.
Nanoscale Organic Thermoelectric Materials: Measurement, Theoretical Models, and Optimization Strategies
Authors: Zeng Yu‐Jia , Wu Dan , Cao Xuan‐Hao , Zhou Wu‐Xing , Tang Li‐Ming , Chen Ke‐Qiu
Published: September 2019

The demands for waste heat energy recovery from industrial production, solar energy, and electronic devices have resulted in increasing attention being focused on thermoelectric materials. Over the past two decades, significant progress is achieved in inorganic thermoelectric materials. In addition, with the proliferation of wireless mobile devices, economical, efficient, lightweight, and bio‐friendly organic thermoelectric (OTE) materials have gradually become promising candidates for thermoelectric devices used in room‐temperature environments. With the development of experimental measurement techniques, the manufacturing for nanoscale thermoelectric devices has become possible. A large number of studies have demonstrated the excellent performance of nanoscale thermoelectric devices, and further improvement of their thermoelectric conversion efficiency is expected to have a significant impact on global energy consumption. Here, the development of experimental measurement methods, theoretical models, and performance modulation for nanoscale OTE materials are summarized. Suggestions and prospects for the future development of these devices are also provided.
Tuning Oxygen Redox Chemistry in Li‐Rich Mn‐Based Layered Oxide Cathodes by Modulating Cation Arrangement
Authors: Zhang Jicheng , Cheng Fangyi , Chou Shulei , Wang Jianli , Gu Lin , Wang Heng , Yoshikawa Hirofumi , Lu Yong , Chen Jun
Published: September 2019

Li‐rich Mn‐based oxides (LRMO) are promising cathode materials to build next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries with high energy density exceeding 400 W h kg−1. However, due to a lack of in‐depth understanding of oxygen redox chemistry in LRMO, voltage decay is not resolved thoroughly. Here, it is demonstrated that the oxygen redox chemistry could be tuned by modulating cation arrangement. It declares that the materials with Li/Ni disorder and Li vacancies can inhibit the formation of OO dimers. Because of the high chemical activity, OO dimers could accelerate lattice oxygen release and NiO/spinel formation. The samples without forming OO dimers show improved performance in suppressing oxygen overoxidation and mitigating cation dissolution. As a result, the optimized cathode exhibits a high capacity over 280 mA h g−1 at 0.1 C and a high plateau voltage of 3.58 V with a very low voltage decay of 1.6% after 150 cycles at 1 C. This study opens an attractive path in designing Li‐rich electrodes with stabilized redox chemistry.
A Bifunctional and Free‐Standing Organic Composite Film with High Flexibility and Good Tensile Strength for Tribological and Electrochemical Applications
Authors: Ahmad Aziz , Imani Abolhassan , Mao Lijuan , Iqbal Rashid , Zhang Hui , Ghazi Zahid Ali , Ahmad Rashid , Khan Adnan Ali , Xie Lijing , Chen Cheng‐Meng , Zhang Zhong , Wei Zhixiang
Published: September 2019

With the development of flexible electronics, flexible lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have attracted fabulous attention in the emerging field of wearable and bendable electronic system. The performance of flexible batteries during deformation mainly depends on the electrode flexibility with high mechanical properties. Herein, for the first time, the tribological and electrochemical applications of a flexible organic composite film made of poly(anthraquinonyl sulfide) and single‐wall carbon nanotubes (PAQS‐SWCNTs) are systematically investigated. By employing the tribological measurements and tracking the worn surfaces, the PAQS‐40% SWCNTs film show high adhesive phenomenon with 50% and ≈80% reduction in coefficient of friction (COF) and specific wear rate. As a flexible organic cathode in LIBs, the same film delivers an initial capacity of 194 mAh g−1at 0.1 C and retains almost the same capacity when it is backtested at 0.1 C. Moreover, the PAQS‐40% SWCNTs cathode retains 81.1% of its initial capacity after 406 cycles with a current speed of 0.5 C. Simulated results show the more stable properties of PAQS with two Li‐ion insertions (PAQS‐2Li+) than the monolithiated PAQS (PAQS‐1Li+) in virtue of its highest negative binding energies. A prototype flexible lithium battery is assembled, which delivers an initial capacity of 151 mAh g−1, respectively.
Enhancing the Purity of Reflective Structural Colors with Ultrathin Bilayer Media as Effective Ideal Absorbers
Authors: Yang Zhengmei , Ji Chengang , Liu Dong , Guo L. Jay
Published: September 2019

Structural colors of high purity and brightness are desired in various applications. This study presents a general strategy of selecting the appropriate material and thickness of each layer to create high‐purity reflective colors in a classic asymmetric Fabry–Pérot cavity structure based on a dielectric–absorber–dielectric–metal multilayered configuration. Guided by the derived complex refractive index of the ideal absorber layer, an effective absorbing bilayer medium consisting of two ultrathin lossy films is used to improve the color purity of reflective colors by suppressing the reflection of its complementary colors with the enhanced optical absorption. Highly pure red, green, and blue reflective colors are designed and experimentally demonstrated employing different effective bilayer absorbers. Due to the high refractive index of the dielectric material, the colored structures exhibit great angle‐robust appearance (blue and red colors are up to ±60°, and green color is up to ±45°). The generalized design principles and the proposed method of using effective bilayer absorbers open up new avenues for realizing high‐purity thin‐film structural colors with more materials selections.
Atomic‐ and Molecular‐Level Design of Functional Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) and Derivatives for Energy and Environmental Applications
Authors: Yilmaz Gamze , Peh Shing Bo , Zhao Dan , Ho Ghim Wei
Published: September 2019

Continuing population growth and accelerated fossil‐fuel consumption with recent technological advancements have engendered energy and environmental concerns, urging researchers to develop advanced functional materials to overcome the associated problems. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as frontier materials due to their unique porous organic–inorganic hybrid periodic assembly and exceptional diversity in structural properties and chemical functionalities. In particular, the modular nature and modularity‐dependent activity of MOFs and MOF derivatives have accentuated the delicate atomic‐ and molecular design and synthesis of MOFs, and their meticulous conversion into carbons and transition‐metal‐based materials. Synthetic control over framework architecture, content, and reactivity has led to unprecedented merits relevant to various energy and environmental applications. Herein, an overview of the atomic‐ and molecular‐design strategies of MOFs to realize application‐targeted properties is provided. Recent progress on the development of MOFs and MOF derivatives based on these strategies, along with their performance, is summarized with a special emphasis on design–structure and functionality–activity relationships. Next, the respective energy‐ and environmental‐related applications of catalysis and energy storage, as well as gas storage‐separation and water harvesting with close association to the energy–water–environment nexus are highlighted. Last, perspectives on current challenges and recommendations for further development of MOF‐based materials are also discussed.
Guest Exchange Mechanisms in Mono‐Metallic PdII/PtII‐Cages Based on a Tetra‐Pyridyl Calix[4]pyrrole Ligand
Authors: Escobar Luis , Escudero‐Adán Eduardo C. , Ballester Pablo
Published: September 2019

Planar pyridyl N‐oxides are encapsulated in mono‐metallic PdII/PtII‐cages based on a tetra‐pyridyl calix[4]pyrrole ligand. The exchange dynamics of the cage complexes are slow on both the NMR chemical shift and EXSY timescales, but encapsulation of the guests by the cages is fast on the human timescale. A “French doors” mechanism, involving the rotation of the meso‐phenyl walls of the cages, allows the passage of the planar guests. The encapsulation of quinuclidine N‐oxide, a sterically more demanding guest, is slower than pyridyl N‐oxides in the PdII‐cage, and does not take place in the PtII counterpart. A modification of the encapsulation mechanism for the quinuclidine N‐oxide is postulated that requires the partial dissociation of the PdII‐cage. The substrate binding selectivity featured by the cages is related to their different guest uptake/release mechanisms.
Topologies on quotient space of matrices via semi‐tensor product
Authors: Cheng Daizhan , Liu Zequn
Published: September 2019

An equivalence of matrices via semi‐tensor product (STP) is proposed. Using this equivalence, the quotient space is obtained. Parallel and sequential arrangements of the natural projection on different shapes of matrices lead to the product topology and quotient topology respectively. Then the Frobenious inner product of matrices is extended to equivalence classes, which produces a metric on the quotient space. This metric leads to a metric topology. A comparison for these three topologies is presented. Some topological properties are revealed.
DNA‐binding activity and cytotoxic and cell‐cycle arrest properties of some new coumarin derivatives: a multispectral and computational investigation
Authors: Khosravifar Fariba , Dehghan Gholamreza , Bidoki Seyed Kazem , Mahdavi Majid
Published: September 2019

Coumarins are the most important class of natural compounds found widely in various plants. Many coumarin derivatives with different biological and pharmacological activities have been synthesized. In this study, the antiapoptotic and cytotoxic effects and DNA‐binding properties of some synthetic coumarin derivatives (4b, 4d, 4f, 4 g (DBP‐g), 4 h and 4j) against K562 cell lines were investigated using different techniques. MTT assay indicated that the DBP‐g compound was more active than other derivatives, with a IC50 value of 55 μM, and therefore this compound was chosen for further investigation. Apoptosis induction was assessed using acridine orange/ethidium bromide double‐staining and cell‐cycle analysis. In addition, in vitro DNA‐binding studies were carried out using ultraviolet–visible light absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, as well as viscosity measurement and molecular modelling studies. In vitro results indicated that DBP‐g interacted with DNA through a groove‐binding mode with a binding constant (Kb) of 1.17 × 104 M−1. In agreement with other experimental data, molecular docking studies showed that DBP‐g is a minor groove binder. Overall, it can be concluded that DBP‐g could be used as an effective and novel chemotherapeutic agent.
Trends in intracranial meningioma incidence in the United States, 2004‐2015
Authors: Lin Dong‐Dong , Lin Jia‐Liang , Deng Xiang‐Yang , Li Wei , Li Dan‐Dong , Yin Bo , Lin Jian , Zhang Nu , Sheng Han‐Song
Published: September 2019

Background

Meningioma incidence was reported to have risen substantially in the United States during the first decade of the 21st century. There are few reports about subsequent incidence trends. This study provides updated data to investigate trends in meningioma incidence by demographic and tumor characteristics at diagnosis in the United states from 2004 to 2015.

Methods

Trends in meningioma incidence were analyzed using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results‐18 (SEER‐18) registry database of the National Cancer Institute. The joinpoint program was used to calculate annual percent change (APC) in incidence rates.

Results

The overall incidence of meningioma increased by 4.6% (95% CI, 3.4‐5.9) annually in 2004‐2009, but remained stable from 2009 to 2015 (APC, 0; 95% CI, −0.8 to 0.8). Females (10.66 per 100 000 person‐years) and blacks (9.52 per 100 000 person‐years) had significant predominance in meningioma incidence. Incidence in many subgroups increased significantly up to 2009 and then remained stable until 2015. However, meningioma incidence in young and middle‐aged people increased significantly throughout the entire time period from 2004 to 2015 (APC: 3.6% for <20‐year‐olds; 2.5% for 20‐39‐year‐olds; 1.8% for 40‐59‐year‐olds). The incidence of WHO II meningioma increased during 2011‐2015 (APC = 5.4%), while the incidence of WHO III meningioma decreased during 2004‐2015 (APC = −5.6%).

Conclusion

In this study, the incidence of meningioma was found to be stable in recent years. Possible reasons for this finding include changes in population characteristics, the widespread use of diagnostic techniques, and changes in tumor classification and risk factors in the US population.
Transcription factor E2F4 is a positive regulator of milk biosynthesis and proliferation of bovine mammary epithelial cells
Authors: Zhen Zhen , Zhang Minghui , Yuan Xiaohan , Li Meng
Published: September 2019

The transcription factor E2F4 is a key determinant of cell differentiation and cell‐cycle progression, but its function and regulatory mechanism are not completely understood. Here, we report that E2F4 acts as a positive regulator of the biosynthesis of milk components and proliferation of bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). Overexpression of E2F4 in BMECs resulted in the upregulation of β‐casein, triglyceride, and lactose levels and increased cell proliferation, whereas E2F4 knockdown by small interfering RNA had the opposite effects. We further detected that overexpression of E2F4 significantly increased the messenger RNA expression of mTOR, SREBP‐1c, and Cyclin D1, and increased protein levels of SREBP‐1c, and Cyclin D1, and the ratio of p‐mTOR/mTOR, whereas E2F4 knockdown had the opposite effects. E2F4 was almost entirely located in the nucleus, and we further identified, via ChIP‐qPCR analysis, that mTOR, SREBP‐1c, and Cyclin D1 were E2F4 target genes, and exogenous administration of methionine, leucine, β‐estradiol, and prolactin markedly increased the protein levels of E2F4 and its binding to the promoters of these three genes. In summary, our data reveal that E2F4 responds to extracellular stimuli and regulates the expression of mTOR, SREBP‐1c, and Cyclin D1 for milk biosynthesis and proliferation of BMECs.
ING5 inhibits cancer aggressiveness by inhibiting Akt and activating p53 in prostate cancer
Authors: Barlak Neslisah , Capik Ozel , Sanli Fatma , Kilic Ahsen , Aytatli Abdulmelik , Yazici Aysenur , Ortucu Serkan , Ittmann Michael , Karatas Omer Faruk
Published: September 2019

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common types of cancer in men. In several recent studies, chromosomal deletions in the q arm of chromosome 2, where ING5 resides within, have been identified in various cancer types including PCa. In this study, we investigate the role of ING5 as a tumor suppressor in PCa. We examined the expression level of ING5 in tissue samples and cell lines using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. We tested the in vitro tumor suppressor potential of ING5 in PC3 and LNCaP cells stably overexpressing it using cell viability, colony formation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis assays. We then investigated the effects of ING5 on the Akt and p53 signaling using western blot analysis. We show that ING5 is significantly downregulated in PCa tumor tissue samples and cell lines compared with the corresponding controls. In vitro assays demonstrate that ING5 effectively suppresses proliferative, clonogenic, migratory, and invasive potential and induce apoptosis in PCa cells. ING5 may potentially exert its anti‐tumor potential by inhibiting AKT and inducing p53 signaling pathways. Our findings demonstrate that ING5 possesses tumor suppressor roles in vitro, pointing its importance during the prostatic carcinogenesis processes.
Spinel‐Type Mixed Metal Sulfide NiCo2S4 for Efficient Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 with Visible Light
Authors: Xiong Zhuang , Huang Lijuan , Peng Junwen , Hou Yidong , Ding Zhengxin , Wang Sibo
Published: September 2019

Mixed metal oxides with a spinel structure have exhibited great opportunities for photocatalytic CO2 reduction; however, the abilities of their sulfide counterparts in this promising area are much less reported. Herein, we demonstrate the synthesis of a ternary metal sulfide, namely NiCo2S4, and its first application to catalyze the CO2 photoreduction reaction under visible light irradiation. The NiCo2S4 material is prepared through a coupled solvothermal‐ion exchange strategy, and is fully checked by diverse characterizations, including X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) and N2 sorption measurements. Under visible light irradiation in a classic tandem photochemical system, this non‐noble‐metal NiCo2S4 catalyst affords a considerable activity and high stability for CO2 deoxygenative reduction, delivering a high CO‐liberating rate of 43.5 μmol mg−1 h−1. The in‐situ PL and transient photocurrent measurements reveal that the spinel catalyst can hamper recombination and accelerate transfer of light‐excited charge carriers, and thus boosting the CO2 reduction reaction. At last, a possible mechanism of the NiCo2S4‐catalyzed CO2 photoreduction reaction is proposed.
Electrochemical Signature of Escherichia coli on Nickel Micropillar Array Electrode for Early Biofilm Characterization
Authors: Astorga Solange E. , Hu Liang Xing , Marsili Enrico , Huang Yizhong
Published: September 2019

Biofilms are sessile microbial communities living at interfaces, in which the extracellular matrix is responsible for the mechanical stability and adhesion to surfaces. Transition from planktonic to attached cells is a key step in the biofilm formation process. Monitoring of this transition is needed to prevent contamination of biomedical devices and mitigate microbially influenced corrosion. Under anoxic local conditions and in the presence of an exogenous redox mediator, biofilms can divert part of the electron flow associated with catabolism to electrodes maintained at a defined potential. Extracellular electron transfer (EET) follows upon the attachment of planktonic cells to the surface. Modification of the electrode increases bacterial attachment, thus allowing early bioelectrochemical detection of the biofilm. Here, we report a Ni electrode micropillar array to detect early attachment of Escherichia coli biofilm through mediated EET in potentiostat‐controlled electrochemical cells. The biofilm‐surface interaction is studied by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) at different potentials and temperatures over 24 h. The analysis of the EIS signature highlights the effect of temperature on mediated EET in biofilms. These results demonstrate that micropillared electrodes allow earlier biofilm detection than flat electrodes, which is relevant to biofilm sensing and investigation of microbially influenced corrosion in drinking water systems and biomedical devices.
Internet‐Challenges
Authors: Prechtl Markus
Published: September 2019

Jugendliche präsentieren und verfolgen substanzbezogene Challenges auf YouTube. Der Beitrag informiert über die populäre Chili Challenge, Cinnamon Challenge, Deo Challenge, Banana‐and‐Sprite Challenge, das Vodka Eyeballing etc., über deren Gesundheitsgefahren, insofern verlässliche Befunde vorliegen, und über deren Häufigkeit auf YouTube.
Structure‐Based Screening of Tetrazolylhydrazide Inhibitors versus KDM4 Histone Demethylases
Authors: Małecki Piotr H. , Rüger Nicole , Roatsch Martin , Krylova Oxana , Link Andreas , Jung Manfred , Heinemann Udo , Weiss Manfred S.
Published: September 2019

Human histone demethylases are known to play an important role in the development of several tumor types. Consequently, they have emerged as important medical targets for the treatment of human cancer. Herein, structural studies on tetrazolylhydrazide inhibitors as a new scaffold for a certain class of histone demethylases, the JmjC proteins, are reported. A series of compounds are structurally described and their respective binding modes to the KDM4D protein, which serves as a high‐resolution model to represent the KDM4 subfamily in crystallographic studies, are examined. Similar to previously reported inhibitors, the compounds described herein are competitors for the natural KDM4 cofactor, 2‐oxoglutarate. The tetrazolylhydrazide scaffold fills an important gap in KDM4 inhibition and newly described, detailed interactions of inhibitor moieties pave the way to the development of compounds with high target‐binding affinity and increased membrane permeability, at the same time.
Cu2O Nanocrystals‐Catalyzed Photoredox Sonogashira Coupling of Terminal Alkynes and Arylhalides Enhanced by CO2
Authors: Shanmugam Munusamy , Sagadevan Arunachalam , Charpe Vaibhav Pramod , Pampana V. Kishore Kumar , Hwang Kuo Chu
Published: September 2019

Herein the first visible‐light‐activated Sonogashira C−C coupling reaction at room temperature catalyzed by single‐metal heterogeneous Cu2O truncated nanocubes (Cu2O TNCs) was developed. A wide variety of aryl halides and terminal alkynes worked well in this recyclable heterogeneous photochemical process to form the corresponding Sonogashira C−C coupling products in good yields. Mechanistic control studies indicated that CO2 enhances the formation of light‐absorbing heterogeneous surface‐bound CuI‐phenylacetylide (λmax=472 nm), which further undergoes single‐electron transfer with aryl iodides/bromides to enable Sonogashira C
−Csp bond formation. In contrast to literature‐reported bimetallic TiO2‐containing nanoparticles as photocatalyst, this work avoided the need of cocatalysis by TiO2. Single‐metal CuI in Cu2O TNCs was solely responsible for the observed C
−Csp coupling reactions under CO2 atmosphere.