bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic Association of Arterial Stiffness Index with Blood Pressure and Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Zekavat Seyedeh M. , Haas Mary , Aragam Krishna , Emdin Connor , Khera Amit V. , Klarin Derek , Zhao Hongyu , Natarajan Pradeep
Published: October 2018

Background

Arterial stiffness index (ASI) is independently associated with blood pressure and coronary artery disease (CAD) in epidemiologic studies. However, it is unknown whether these associations represent causal relationships.

Objectives

Here, we assess whether genetic predisposition to increased ASI is associated with elevated blood pressure and CAD risk.

Methods

Genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) of finger photoplethysmography-derived ASI was performed in 131,686 participants from the UK Biobank. Across UK Biobank participants not in the ASI GWAS, a 6-variant ASI polygenic risk score was calculated. The ASI polygenic score was associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP, DBP, N=208,897), and with incident CAD over 10 years follow-up (N=223,061; 7,534 cases). The lack of CAD association observed was replicated among 184,305 participants (60,810 cases) from the Coronary Artery Disease Genetics Consortium (CARDIOGRAMplusC4D).

Results

We replicated prior reports of the epidemiologic association of ASI with SBP (Beta 0.55mmHg, [95% CI, 0.45–0.65],P=5.77×10−24), DBP (Beta 1.05mmHg, [95% CI, 0.99–1.11],P=7.27×10−272), and incident CAD (HR 1.08 [95% CI, 1.04–1.11],P=1.5×10−6) in multivariable models. While each SD increase in genetic predisposition to elevated ASI was highly associated with SBP (Beta 4.63 mmHg [95% CI, 2.1–7.2];P=3.37×10−4), and DBP (Beta 2.61 mmHg [95% CI, 1.2–4.0];P=2.85×10−4), no association was observed with incident CAD in UK Biobank (HR 1.12 [95% CI, 0.55–2.3];P=0.75), or with prevalent CAD in CARDIOGRAMplusC4D (OR 0.56 [95% CI, 0.26–1.24];P=0.15).

Conclusions

A genetic predisposition to higher ASI was associated with elevated blood pressure but not with increased risk of developing CAD.

Condensed Abstract

Arterial stiffness index (ASI) is proposed by some as a surrogate of blood pressure and coronary artery disease (CAD) risk based on epidemiologic analyses. We tested whether genetic predisposition to increased ASI is associated with elevated blood pressure and CAD risk to assess whether these represent causal relationships. We find that a genetic predisposition to higher ASI is associated with elevated systolic (Beta 4.63 mmHg [95% CI, 2.1–7.2]) and diastolic blood pressures (Beta 2.61 mmHg [95% CI, 1.2–4.0]) in the UK Biobank, but not associated with incident CAD in the UK Biobank (P=0.75) or with prevalent CAD in CARDIOGRAMplusC4D (P=0.15). These data support a causal relationship of ASI with blood pressure but do not support the notion that ASI is a suitable surrogate for CAD risk.
Mutant TRP53 exerts a target gene-selective dominant-negative effect to drive tumor development
Authors: Aubrey Brandon J. , Janic Ana , Chen Yunshun , Chang Catherine , Lieschke Elizabeth C. , Diepstraten Sarah T. , Kueh Andrew J. , Bernardini Jonathan P. , Dewson Grant , O'Reilly Lorraine A. , Whitehead Lachlan , Voss Anne K. , Smyth Gordon K. , Strasser Andreas , Kelly Gemma L.
Published: October 2018

Mutations in Trp53, prevalent in human cancer, are reported to drive tumorigenesis through dominant-negative effects (DNEs) over wild-type TRP53 function as well as neomorphic gain-of-function (GOF) activity. We show that five TRP53 mutants do not accelerate lymphomagenesis on a TRP53-deficient background but strongly synergize with c-MYC overexpression in a manner that distinguishes the hot spot Trp53 mutations. RNA sequencing revealed that the mutant TRP53 DNE does not globally repress wild-type TRP53 function but disproportionately impacts a subset of wild-type TRP53 target genes. Accordingly, TRP53 mutant proteins impair pathways for DNA repair, proliferation, and metabolism in premalignant cells. This reveals that, in our studies of lymphomagenesis, mutant TRP53 drives tumorigenesis primarily through the DNE, which modulates wild-type TRP53 function in a manner advantageous for neoplastic transformation.
Mutations in Bcl9 and Pygo genes cause congenital heart defects by tissue-specific perturbation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling
Authors: Cantù Claudio , Felker Anastasia , Zimmerli Dario , Prummel Karin D. , Cabello Elena M. , Chiavacci Elena , Méndez-Acevedo Kevin M. , Kirchgeorg Lucia , Burger Sibylle , Ripoll Jorge , Valenta Tomas , Hausmann George , Vilain Nathalie , Aguet Michel , Burger Alexa , Panáková Daniela , Basler Konrad , Mosimann Christian
Published: October 2018

Bcl9 and Pygopus (Pygo) are obligate Wnt/β-catenin cofactors in Drosophila, yet their contribution to Wnt signaling during vertebrate development remains unresolved. Combining zebrafish and mouse genetics, we document a conserved, β-catenin-associated function for BCL9 and Pygo proteins during vertebrate heart development. Disrupting the β-catenin–BCL9–Pygo complex results in a broadly maintained canonical Wnt response yet perturbs heart development and proper expression of key cardiac regulators. Our work highlights BCL9 and Pygo as selective β-catenin cofactors in a subset of canonical Wnt responses during vertebrate development. Moreover, our results implicate alterations in BCL9 and BCL9L in human congenital heart defects.
Controlled interpenetration of 44networks: syntheses and structures of two Cu3-cluster coordination polymers
Authors: Sun Guanghui , Xie Weilian , Xiao Hong , Xu Guohai
Published: October 2018

The reaction of copper nitrate and triethanolamine with benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid (bdcH2) or 4,4′-[1,4-phenylenebis(oxy)]dibenzoic acid (podaH2) leads to the formation of poly[bis(μ4-benzene-1,4-dicarboxylato-κ4O1:O1′:O4:O4)bis{μ2-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanolato-κ4N,O,O′,O′′:κO}tricopper(II)], [Cu3(C8H4O4)2(C6H14NO3)2] or [Cu3(μ4-bdc)2(teaH2)2] (I), and poly[bis{μ4-4,4′-[1,4-phenylenebis(oxy)]dibenzoato-κ4O:O′:O′′:O′′}bis{μ2-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanolato-κ4N,O,O′,O′′:κO}tricopper(II)], [Cu3(C20H12O6)2(C6H14NO3)2] or [Cu3(μ4-poda)2(teaH2)2], (II). The two representative compounds contain a well-established Cu3cluster supporting a given 44network. The ligand length is the underlying factor that controls the degree of interpenetration. Controlled interpenetration can be facile to realise by elongating protocols. CompoundIshows a non-interpenetrating 44network, whereasIIfeatures a threefold interpenetrating network. Furthermore, similar hydrogen-bond interactions extend the different interpenetrating 44networks into three-dimensional supramolecular topologies. Variable-temperature magnetic studies showed a ferromagnetic coupling behaviour in the two complexes.
Crystal structure and thermal properties of bis[μ-2-(methoxycarbonylhydrazinylidene)acetato-κ3
N
1,O:O]bis[diaqua(thiocyanato-κN)manganese(II)] tetrahydrate
Authors: Poornima Subbiyan , Premkumar Thathan , Butcher Raymond J. , Govindarajan Subbaiah
Published: October 2018

The title compound, [Mn2(C4H5N2O4)2(NCS)2(H2O)4]·4H2O (I), exists as a centrosymmetric dimer. Each dimeric unit consists of tridentate (O,O,N)-chelating Schiff bases with symmetry-maintained μ-O-bridged carboxylate anions, terminally bound thiocyanate anions, and ligated and solvated water molecules. The complex exhibits a distorted octahedron geometry and the centrosymmetric μ-O-bridged carboxylate anions connect the two manganese atoms to form an M
2O2 ring. In the crystal, the molecules are interlinked via strong N—H...O and O—H...O hydrogen-bonding contacts and weak O—H...S intermolecular interactions, forming a three-dimensional molecular network.
Non-parallellism of needles in electroporation: 3D computational model and experimental analysis
Authors: Campana Luca G. , Di Barba Paolo , Dughiero Fabrizio , Forzan Michele , Mognaschi Maria Evelina , Rizzo Rudy , Sieni Elisabetta
Published: October 2018

Purpose

In electrochemotherapy, flexible electrodes, composed by an array of needles, are applied to human tissues to treat large surface tumors. The positioning of the needles in the tissue depends on the surface curvature. The parallel needle case is preferred, as their relative inclinations strongly affect the actual distribution of electric field. Nevertheless, in some case, small inclinations are unavoidable. The purpose of this paper is to study the electric field distribution for non-parallel needles.

Design/methodology/approach

The effect of electrode position is evaluated systematically by means of numerical models and experiments on phantoms for two different angles (5° and 30°) and compared with the case of parallel needles. Potato model was used as phantom, as this tissue becomes dark after few hours from electroporation. The electroporation degree was gauged from the color changings on the potatoes.

Findings

The distribution of electric field in different needle configuration is found by means of finite element analysis (FEA) and experiments on potatoes. The electric field level of inclined needles was compared with parallel needle case. In particular, the electric field distribution in the case of inclined needles could be very different with respect to the one in the case of parallel needles. The degree of enhancement for different inclinations is visualized by potato color intensity. The FEA suggested that the needle parallelism has to be maintained as possible as if the tips are closer to each other, the electric field intensity could be different with respect to the one in the case of parallel needles.

Originality/value

This paper analyzes the effect of inclined electrodes considering also the non-linearity of tissues.
The limits of resistant reading in critical literacy practices
Authors: McKenzie Cori Ann , Jarvie Scott
Published: October 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to draw from work in the field of English that questions the “limits of critique” (Felski, 2015) in order to consider the limits of critical literacy approaches to literature instruction. The study focuses on the relational and affective demands that resistant reading places on readers and texts.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing from post-critical (Felski, 2015) and surface (Best and Marcus, 2009) reading practices in the field of English, the authors perform analyses of two recent articles that illustrate critical literacy approaches to literature instruction, drawing attention to the ways the resistant reading practices outlined in each article reflect Felski’s description of critique.

Findings

The authors’ readings of two frameworks of critical literacy approaches to literature instruction produce two key findings: first, in emphasizing resistant readings, critical literacy asks readers to take up a detective-like orientation to literature, treating texts as suspects; second, resistant reading practices promote a specific set of affective orientations toward a text, asking readers to cultivate skepticism and vigilance.

Originality/value

While the authors do not dismiss the importance of critical literacy approaches to literature instruction, the study makes room for other relational and affective orientations to literature, especially those that might encourage readers to listen to – and be surprised by – a text. By describing critical literacy through the lens of Felski’s work on critique, the authors aim to open up new possibilities for surprising encounters with literature.
Investigation of heat transfer in one-dimensional models of polymeric foams by using a ray-splitting and tracing technique
Authors: Chhabra Ajay Kumar , Talukdar Prabal
Published: October 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to develop a numerical model to investigate coupled conduction radiation heat transfer in a multilayer semi-transparent polymeric foam.

Design/methodology/approach

The model uses a multi-phase approach in which the radiative transfer is determined by solving the radiative transfer equation explicitly in the whole medium incorporating an interface condition valid in the geometric optics rgime. This is executed by using a combination of ray splitting and a discrete curved ray tracing technique. Both partial photon reflection and total internal reflection at the interface are considered in the present investigation.

Findings

The directional distribution of intensity within the whole medium can be determined, which is used to obtain the detailed temperature profile inside the domain. The performance of the proposed methodology has been tested by simulating the modelled foam at ambient conditions. The results obtained from the simulations are in good agreement with the published results and shows that there is a global non-linearity in the temperature profile in problems where conduction to radiation parameter is small.

Originality/value

Specular nature of radiative transfer at the interface is accounted for in the present analysis. Instead of working with direction integrated quantities (as in the case of P1 approximation), each bundle of rays is treated separately within the whole medium. This model serves as a starting point for a detailed spatially three dimensional study of heat transfer in foams and the mathematical nature of the formulation is such that it may result in an implementation to three-dimensions.
Reimagining transnational validity under the CISG
Authors: Nwafor Ndubuisi , Ajibo Collins , Lloyd Chidi
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The aims and objectives of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) have been defeated by the intrusion of domestic laws of different contracting states in the interpretation of the provisions of this Convention. One of the most abused channels of this un-uniform interpretation is through art 4 of the CISG, which excludes the matters of validity and property from the Convention’s jurisdiction. This paper, therefore, aims to critically analyze the dangers of unsystematic reliance on the domestic laws in the interpretation of art 4 of the CISG on matters involving transnational validity and property.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper will use doctrinal methodology with critical and analytical approaches. The paper will incisively study the doctrines, theories and principles of law associated with validity of commercial contracts and the implications of exclusion of the doctrine of “validity” under the CISG.

Findings

The findings and contribution to knowledge will be by way of canvassing for a uniform transnational validity doctrine that will streamline and position the CISG to serve as a uniform international commercial convention.

Originality/value

This paper adopted a conceptual approach. Even though the paper ventilated the views of many writers on the issue of application of the doctrine of validity under the CISG, the paper, however, carved its own niche by making original recommendations on how to create a uniform validity jurisprudence under the CISG.
Hambrick and Mason’s “Upper Echelons Theory”: evolution and open avenues
Authors: Abatecola Gianpaolo , Cristofaro Matteo
Published: October 2018

Purpose

How has upper echelons theory (UET) (Hambrick and Mason, 1984) been evolving over time? Through the historical discussion, this paper aims to provide an updated – and also innovative from some aspects – big picture on this famous approach to strategic management. In fact, after more than 30 years since its original conceptualization, the authors believe that the UE field is mature enough for a critical attempt to provide all those scholars and practitioners interested in strategic leadership with a comprehensive ground for future analyses, a ground which, to the authors’ knowledge, is still missing.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors mostly use a historical narrative to offer a critical account of the conceptual and methodological developments occurring under UE lenses over time. The authors believe that the historical approach can be particularly useful because it can help understand and explain why and how these developments have been conjectured and implemented.

Findings

Two mainly intertwined insights emerge from our analysis: on the one hand, the developments subsequent to the seminal 1984 UE model have gradually, although constantly, reduced its strongly voluntarist assumptions on strategic leadership toward more moderated co-evolutionary lenses; on the other hand, the emerging psychological and cognitive moderators of UE variables are presently reinforcing the centrality of dominant coalitions, in that they affect their decision-making processes and strategic choices.

Originality/value

From the critical discussion, a possible updated UE model based on co-evolutionary lenses finally emerges. Prospective research avenues in this management field are also provided.
Does micronutrients intake modulate the risk of coronary heart disease?
Authors: Azab Mohammed , Al-Shudifat Abdel-Ellah , Agraib Lana , Allehdan Sabika , Tayyem Reema
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between micronutrient intake and coronary heart disease (CHD) in middle-aged Jordanian participants.

Design/methodology/approach

A case-control study was conducted among patients referring for elective coronary angiography. A total of 400 patients were enrolled in this study. Face-to-face interview was used to complete food frequency questionnaire from which the authors derived usual daily intake of micronutrients. The mean age of participates was 52 years and their average BMI was 30.7 kg/m2. Multinomial logistic regression model and linear logistic regression model were used to calculate odd ratios (OR) and its 95 per cent confidence interval (CI) andp-value for trend, respectively. The association between the risk of CHD and micronutrients intake was adjusted for the age, gender, BMI, smoking, physical activity, total energy intake, occupation, education level, marital status and family history.

Findings

The study results showed no significant differences between cases and controls for dietary intakes of micronutrients, except for the intake of calcium (p < 0.005), magnesium (p < 0.025), phosphorus (p < 0.023) and potassium (p < 0.006) which were lower in cases than controls. Although no significant trend was observed between most of the dietary intake of micronutrients and the risk of developing CHD, a significant protective effect of magnesium [OR 0.52; 95 per cent CI (0.29-0.95)], phosphorus [OR 0.44; 95 per cent CI (0.24-0.80)] and potassium [OR 0.41; 95 per cent CI (0.22-0.74)] against the risk of CHD was detected.

Originality/value

The findings from this study provide strong evidence that the intake of micronutrients such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and potassium has no significant associations with the risk of CHD.
Modern pretreatment techniques for phytochemical extraction
Authors: Aggarwal Satakshi , Jain Tanu
Published: October 2018

Purpose

Modern thermal and non-thermal pretreatment techniques, namely, enzymatic treatment, gas phase plasma treatment and ohmic heating have become more pronounced over conventional techniques for enhanced coloured phytochemicals (pigments) extraction. Presently, numbers of pretreatment techniques are available with some unique feature. It is difficult to choose best pretreatment method to be employed for phytochemicals extraction from different sources. Therefore, this paper aims to discuss different modern pretreatment techniques for extraction with their potential results over conventional techniques.

Design/methodology/approach

Research and review articles targeting to the thermal and non-thermal pretreatment techniques were collected from Google Scholar. The required information has been tabulated and discussed which included qualities of modern pretreatment techniques over conventional techniques, phytochemical extraction and best pretreatment methods for optimized results.

Findings

Every pre-treatment has its own advantages and disadvantages for a particular phytochemical and its extraction from various sources. Enzymes can be used in combinations to enhance final yield like extraction of carotenoids (pectinase, cellulase and hemicellulase) from chillies and lycopene (pectinase and cellulase) from tomato. Utilization of each method depends upon many factors such as source of pigment, cost and energy consumption. CO2pretreatment gives good results for carotenoid extraction from algae sources. Ohmic heating can yield high anthocyanin content. Modifications in conventional blanching has reduced final waste and improvised the properties of pigment.

Originality/value

This study comprises collective information regarding modern pre-treatment for extraction over conventional pre-treatments. The study also covers future trends and certain new hybrid approaches which are still less flourished.
Creating “sticky” culture: how to drive lasting behavioral change
Authors: Dyer Chris
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The paper aims to show how you can create a lasting cultural change within a company.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is based on in-depth research that world-leading organizations are taking to build and maintain their culture, revealing the “seven pillars” of success.

Findings

In the author’s research into what comprises healthy culture in the world’s most successful businesses, the author identified seven crucial support pillars. Among these are leadership and management strategies that bolster employees mentally. These are what change people’s minds about how and why to perform well.

Originality/value

This paper gives practical advice on how to cement behavioral change in a company and create a promising, healthy new company culture.
Corporate governance effects on corporate social responsibility disclosure: empirical evidence from heavy-pollution industries in Iran
Authors: Fallah Mohammad Ali , Mojarrad Fayegh
Published: October 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the relationship between corporate governance (CG) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure in a sample of 64 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange.

Design/methodology/approach

This study opts for a descriptive-correlational method. To measure the extent of CSR disclosure and CG variables, companies’ annual reports and websites during 2014-2015 are content analyzed by applying a 64-item checklist. Boards’ size, age, tenure and independence, CEO duality, audit committee (AC) composition and ownership concentration are considered as CG variables. To ascertain the CG–CSR disclosure relationship, multivariate linear regression analysis is incorporated.

Findings

Based on the results, audit committee composition, board tenure and ownership concentration positively influence CSR disclosure level with ownership concentration as the most influential variable, that is, in companies with majority shareholders ownership, managers tend to disclose more CSR information.

Research limitations/implications

Only annual reports and company websites are analyzed. Researchers are encouraged to apply other methods such as interview and to consider other variables, such as board diversity, proportion of female members and the extent of shareholders activities, to measure CG.

Practical implications

This paper provides implications at the policy level to identify governance mechanisms to increase CSR awareness of heavy-pollution industries in developing countries.

Originality/value

Studies rarely examined CSR reporting in Iran, particularly among heavy-pollution companies. Besides, the paper highlights the role of majority shareholders and non-executive AC members in CSR disclosure.
Low power aware pulse triggered flip flops using modified clock gating approaches
Authors: Jyothula Sudhakar
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to design a low power clock gating technique using Galeor approach by assimilated with replica path pulse triggered flip flop (RP-PTFF).

Design/methodology/approach

In the present scenario, the inclination of battery for portable devices has been increasing tremendously. Therefore, battery life has become an essential element for portable devices. To increase the battery life of portable devices such as communication devices, these have to be made with low power requirements. Hence, power consumption is one of the main issues in CMOS design. To reap a low-power battery with optimum delay constraints, a new methodology is proposed by using the advantages of a low leakage GALEOR approach. By integrating the proposed GALEOR technique with conventional PTFFs, a reduction in power consumption is achieved.

Findings

The design was implemented in mentor graphics EDA tools with 130 nm technology, and the proposed technique is compared with existing conventional PTFFs in terms of power consumption. The average power consumed by the proposed technique (RP-PTFF clock gating with the GALEOR technique) is reduced to 47 per cent compared to conventional PTFF for 100 per cent switching activity.

Originality/value

The study demonstrates that RP-PTFF with clock gating using the GALEOR approach is a design that is superior to the conventional PTFFs.
A thermodynamic performance analysis on influence parameters of COG-CCHP based on exergy
Authors: Zhao Hongbin , Cao Yu , Liu Chang , Qi Xiang
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the performance of coke oven gas (COG)-combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) system and to mainly focus on studying the influence of the environmental conditions, operating conditions and gas conditions on the performance of the system and on quantifying the distribution of useful energy loss and the saving potential of the integrated system changing with different parameters.

Design/methodology/approach

The working process of COG-CCHP was simulated through the establishment of system flow and thermal analysis mathematical model. Using exergy analysis method, the COG-CCHP system’s energy consumption status and the performance changing rules were analyzed.

Findings

The results showed that the combustion chamber has the largest exergy loss among the thermal equipments. Reducing the environmental temperature and pressure can improve the entire system’s reasonable degree of energy. Higher temperature and pressure improved the system’s perfection degree of energy use. Relatively high level of hydrogen and low content of water in COG and an optimal range of CH4volume fraction between 35 per cent and 46 per cent are required to ensure high exergy efficiency of this integration system.

Originality/value

This paper proposed a CCHP system with the utilization of coke oven gas (COG) and quantified the distribution of useful energy loss and the saving potential of the integrated system under different environmental, operating and gas conditions. The weak links of energy consumption within the system were analyzed, and the characteristics of COG in this way of using were illustrated. This study can provide certain guiding basis for further research and development of the CCHP system performance.
Geochronology, Geochemistry, and Sr–Nd–Hf Isotopes of the Balazha Ore‐Bearing Porphyries: Implications for Petrogenesis and Geodynamic Setting of Late Cretaceous Magmatic Rocks in the Northern Lhasa Block, Tibet
Authors: LIU Wei , WANG Baodi , YANG Xiaoyong , YUAN Sihua , LIU Han , LIAO Zhongli
Published: October 2018

The study of Late Cretaceous magmatic rocks, developed as a result of magmatism and related porphyry mineralization in the northern Lhasa block, is of significance for understanding the associated tectonic setting and mineralization. This paper reports zircon chronology, zircon Hf isotope data, whole‐rock Sr–Nd isotope data, and geochemistry data of Balazha porphyry ores in the northern Lhasa block. Geochemical features show that Balazha ore‐bearing porphyries in the northern Lhasa block belong to high‐Mg# adakitic rocks with a formation age of ~90 Ma; this is consistent with the Late Cretaceous magmatic activity that occurred at around 90 Ma in the region. The age of adakitic rocks is similar to the molybdenite Re–Os model age of the ore‐bearing porphyries in the northern Lhasa block, indicating that the diagenesis and mineralization of both occurred during the same magmatism event in the Late Cretaceous. The Hf and Sr–Nd isotope data indicate that these magmatic rocks are the product of crust–mantle mixing. Differing proportions of materials involved in such an event form different types of medium‐acid rocks, including ore‐bearing porphyries. Based on regional studies, it has been proposed that Late Cretaceous magmatism and porphyry mineralization in the northern Lhasa block occurred during collision between the Lhasa and Qiangtang blocks.
Psychometric Assessment of the Nursing Outcome Swallowing Status: Rasch Model Approach
Authors: Oliveira‐Kumakura Ana Railka de Souza , Alonso Jonas Bodini , de Carvalho Emília Campos
Published: October 2018

PURPOSE

To apply the Rasch model to test the psychometric assessment of the nursing outcome Swallowing status among poststroke patients.

METHODS

Cross‐sectional study was conducted with 227 poststroke patients, which were evaluated by a nurse. The Rasch model was used to examine psychometric properties.

FINDINGS

Indicators fit the Rasch model and presented good reliability and good ability for separation index. The 5‐point Likert scale did not present adequate discrimination and classification levels were compiled into three.

CONCLUSIONS

Data evidenced the use of a robust method to perform a clinical validity of the Swallowing status, complementing previous validation studies.

RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE

Using Rasch analysis serve as reference points to assess Swallowing status on a single scale.

OBJETIVO

Aplicar o modelo Rasch para testar as medidas psicométricas do resultado de enfermagem Estado da deglutição em pacientes acometidos por acidente vascular cerebral.

MÉTODOS

Estudo transversal, realizado com 227 pacientes após AVC avaliados por um único enfermeiro. O modelo Rasch foi usado para examinar propriedades psicométricas.

RESULTADOS

Os indicadores se ajustaram ao modelo Rasch e apresentam boa confiabilidade e boa capacidade de separação. A escala Likert de 5 pontos não apresentou discriminação adequada e os níveis de classificação foram compilados em três pontos.

CONCLUSÃO

Os dados evidenciaram o uso de um método robusto para a validade clínica do Estado da deglutição, complementando os estudos de validação anteriores.

RELEVÂNCIA PARA A PRÁTICA CLÍNICA

O uso do modelo Rasch serve como ponto de referência para avaliar o Estado da deglutição em uma única escala.
Osteopontin protects against pneumococcal infection in a murine model of allergic airway inflammation
Authors: Kasetty Gopinath , Bhongir Ravi K. V. , Papareddy Praveen , Tufvesson Ellen , Stenberg Henning , Bjermer Leif , Hultgårdh‐Nilsson Anna , Herwald Heiko , Egesten Arne
Published: October 2018

Background

In atopic asthma, chronic Th2‐biased inflammation is associated with an increased risk of pneumococcal infection. The anionic phosphoglycoprotein osteopontin (OPN) is highly expressed in asthma and has been ascribed several roles during inflammation. This study aimed to investigate whether OPN affects inflammation and vulnerability to pneumococcal infection in atopic asthma.

Methods

House dust mite (HDM) extract was used to induce allergic airway inflammation in both wild‐type (Spp1+/+) and OPN knockout (Spp1−/−) C57BL/6J mice, and the airway was then infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Parameters reflecting inflammation, tissue injury, and bacterial burden were measured. In addition, samples from humans with allergic asthma were analyzed.

Results

Both allergen challenge in individuals with allergic asthma and the intranasal instillation of HDM in mice resulted in increased OPN levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). More immune cells (including alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes) and higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines were found in Spp1−/− mice than in Spp1+/+ mice. Moreover, OPN‐deficient mice exhibited increased levels of markers reflecting tissue injury. Upon infection with S. pneumoniae, Spp1+/+ mice with allergic airway inflammation had a significantly lower bacterial burden in both BALF and lung tissue than did Spp1−/− mice. Furthermore, Spp1−/− mice had higher levels of cytokines and immune cells in BALF than did Spp1+/+ mice.

Conclusion

OPN reduces inflammation, decreases tissue injury, and reduces bacterial loads during concurrent pneumococcal infection and allergic airway inflammation in a murine model. These findings suggest that OPN significantly affects vulnerability to pneumococcal infection in atopic asthma.
Comorbidities, concomitant medications and potential drug‐drug interactions with interferon‐free direct‐acting antiviral agents in hepatitis C patients in Taiwan
Authors: Liu Chen‐Hua , Yu Ming‐Lung , Peng Cheng‐Yuan , Hsieh Tsai‐Yuan , Huang Yi‐Hsiang , Su Wei‐Wen , Cheng Pin‐Nan , Lin Chih‐Lin , Lo Ching‐Chu , Chen Chi‐Yi , Chen Jyh‐Jou , Ma Qian , Brooks‐Rooney Craig , Kao Jia‐Horng
Published: October 2018

Background

While direct‐acting antivirals have been approved for treating hepatitis C, the guidelines highlight the importance of considering potential drug‐drug interactions between DAAs and concomitant medications.

Aim

To assess comorbidity prevalence, concomitant medication use and potential drug‐drug interactions between DAAs and concomitant medications for hepatitis C patients in Taiwan.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study enrolled 822 patients from May to August 2016 in Taiwan. Patient demographics, comorbidities and concomitant medications were evaluated by physician surveys.

Results

A total of 709 (86.3%) patients had ≥1 comorbidity; the most prevalent comorbidity categories were diseases of the digestive system (40.1%), circulatory system (38.7%) and endocrine/nutritional/metabolic diseases (35.2%). Elderly patients had more comorbidities. A total of 622 (75.7%) patients received ≥1 concomitant medication; the average number of concomitant medications was 3.2. The most common concomitant medication classes were cardiovascular (34.4%), gastrointestinal (25.7%) and central nervous system drugs (22.7%). Among patients without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis, contraindications were most prevalent with paritaprevir/ritonavir/ombitasvir plus dasabuvir, daclatasvir/asunaprevir and glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (13.3%, 6.0% and 5.4% respectively), and least prevalent with sofosbuvir, sofosbuvir/daclatasvir, sofosbuvir/ledipasvir and sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (0.8%, 1.3%, 1.4% and 2.1% respectively). Sofosbuvir‐based regimens had no contraindications in patients with decompensated cirrhosis.

Conclusion

Our population represented an elderly demographic, with a high prevalence of comorbidities and widespread use of concomitant medications. The potential drug‐drug interactions between these concomitant medications and DAA regimens differed, with the fewest potential interactions with sofosbuvir‐based regimens.
Effect of substituting soybean meal with euglena (Euglena gracilis) on methane emission and nitrogen efficiency in sheep
Authors: Aemiro Ashagrie , Watanabe Shota , Suzuki Kengo , Hanada Masaaki , Umetsu Kazutaka , Nishida Takehiro
Published: October 2018

This study evaluated methane (CH4) emission, intake, digestibility, and nitrogen efficiency in sheep fed diets containing replacement levels (0%, 33%, 50%, and 67% of soybean meal with euglena). In this experiment, four Corriedale wether sheep with an initial body weight of 53.8 ± 4.6 were arranged in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. This experiment lasted 84 days, divided into four experimental periods. Each period lasted 21 days, which consists of 14 days of adaptation to the diets, 5 days to collect samples, and 2 days to collect gas emission from sheep. Methane emission expressed as L/kg DM intake or g/kg DM intake reduced by up to 37% and the energy loss via CH4 (% of GE intake) reduced by up to 34%. No differences (p > 0.05) were observed in DM and OM intake and whole tract apparent DM digestibility due to substitution of soybean meal with euglena. The total CP loss reduced significantly (linear, p < 0.001) and CP efficiency increased linearly (p = 0.03) with increasing concentration of euglena. As a result, nitrogen balance and average daily weight gain remained unchanged despite higher nitrogen concentration in soybean supplemented group. In conclusion, substitution of soybean meal with euglena reduced methane emission without affecting the performance of animals.
Kazakhstani native cattle reveal highly divergent mtDNA from Bos taurus and Bos indicus lineages with an absence of Bos indicus Y chromosome
Authors: Yamanaka Hayate , Murata Kako , Tabata Risa , Kawaguchi Fuki , Sasazaki Shinji , Yamamoto Yoshio , Bakhtin Meirat , Kazymbet Polat , Meldevekob Alykhan , Suleimenov Maratbek Z. , Nishibori Masahide , Mannen Hideyuki
Published: October 2018

Kazakhstan is the largest landlocked country and contains two important propagation routes for livestock from the Fertile Crescent to Asia. Therefore, genetic information about Kazakhstani cattle can be important for understanding the propagation history and the genetic admixture in Central Asian cattle. In the present study, we analyzed the complete mtDNA D‐loop sequence and SRY gene polymorphism in 122 Kazakhstani native cattle. The D‐loop sequences revealed 79 mitochondrial haplotypes, with the major haplogroups T and I. The Bos taurus subhaplogroups consisted of T (3.3%), T1 (2.5%), T2 (2.5%), and T4 (0.8%) in addition to the predominant subhaplogroup T3 (86.9%), and the Bos indicus subhaplogroup of I1 (4.1%). Subsequently, we investigated the paternal lineages of Bos taurus and Bos indicus, however, all Kazakhstani cattle were shown to have Y chromosome of Bos taurus origin. While highly divergent mtDNA subhaplogroups in Kazakhstani cattle could be due to the geographical proximity of Kazakhstan with the domestication center of the Fertile Crescent, the absence of Bos indicus Y chromosomes could be explained by a decoupling of the introgression dynamics of maternal and paternal lineages. This genetic information would contribute to understanding the genetic diversity and propagation history of cattle in Central Asia.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ropinirole in patients with prolactinomas
Authors: Liu Sihang , Hu Can , Peters Jane , Tsang Amanda , Cremers Serge , Bies Robert , Page‐Wilson Gabrielle
Published: October 2018

Aims

Treatment of prolactinomas with ergoline dopamine agonists can be complicated by intolerance and resistance. This study investigated the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the nonergot dopamine agonist ropinirole, to assess its therapeutic potential as a novel therapy for prolactinomas.

Methods

Five female subjects with prolactinomas participated in this dose–response study. Subjects received up to three doses of ropinirole (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg), each on separate occasions. Frequent blood samples for prolactin and ropinirole were collected for 24 h following drug administration. Data were analysed using noncompartmental and compartmental pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PKPD) techniques.

Results

Seven 24‐h curves revealed increased systemic drug exposure with increasing ropinirole doses. Ropinirole concentrations peaked at 4.4 ± 2.7 h and exhibited a half‐life of 5.8 ± 1.7 h. A dose‐dependent prolactin nadir occurred 4.4 ± 1.2 h after drug intake and prolactin concentrations transiently normalized in two of five subjects. PKPD modelling revealed that single‐dose PK of ropinirole is dose‐independent and can be described with a one‐compartment model with linear absorption and elimination. An indirect response model successfully captures the inhibitory effect of ropinirole on prolactin secretion and incorporates time‐dependent receptor desensitization for three of five subjects whose prolactin concentrations nadired before ropinirole reached Cmax.

Conclusions

This data‐rich study has informed our understanding of the clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ropinirole, which are successfully captured by the proposed semi‐mechanistic PKPD model. This model can be used to further investigate the PKPD of ropinirole and may facilitate the identification of optimal dose regimens for the treatment of prolactinomas and the establishment of a new therapeutic option for patients impacted by this rare disease.
Intellectual capital reporting practices in an Islamic bank: A case study
Authors: Belal Ataur Rahman , Mazumder Mohammed Mehadi Masud , Ali Mohobbot
Published: October 2018

Given the nature and importance of Islamic banks in recent times, we can expect them to have significant intellectual capital anchored in their Sharia‐based knowledge and expertise. However, we know very little or nothing about how and why intellectual capital‐related information is provided in their corporate reports. We fill this gap in our existing knowledge of the field with a view to enhance relevant literature. As far as we know, this article is one of the earliest exploratory attempts to examine intellectual capital reporting practices of an Islamic bank. We have undertaken a longitudinal (2001–2015) case study related to the intellectual capital reporting practices of an Islamic bank. Key results include significant rise of intellectual capital reporting over time, dominance of internal capital‐related items in intellectual capital reporting profile and the dynamics of changes in intellectual capital reporting practices over time. Through an institutional theory lens, we explain that this is due to the changes in the external institutional environment and various intra‐organisational factors such as strong ethical culture, unique knowledge base (Sharia), and corporate governance regime.
Penile traction therapy with the new device ‘Penimaster PRO’ is effective and safe in the stable phase of Peyronie's disease: a controlled multicentre study
Authors: Moncada Ignacio , Krishnappa Pramod , Romero Javier , Torremade Josep , Fraile Agustin , Martinez‐Salamanca Juan Ignacio , Porst Hartmut , Levine Laurence
Published: October 2018

Objectives

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new penile traction device (PTD), ‘Penimaster PRO’, in a group of patients with stable Peyronie's disease (PD) compared with a non‐intervention group in a multicentre study.

Material and Methods

A total of 93 patients with chronic stable PD (without erectile dysfunction, with no significant pain, and with a unidirectional curvature of at least 45° being stable for > 3 months) were recruited and followed for a 12‐week period. Of these patients, 47 were randomly assigned to the Penimaster PRO group (PG) and 46 to the non‐intervention group (NIG). Patients were asked to apply the PTD 3–8 h a day for 12 consecutive weeks, with specific instructions regarding the progressive increase of traction force applied to the penis over time. The primary outcome of the study was the change in the degree of curvature measured in the fully erect state after intracavernosal injection of alprostadil at baseline, 1, 2 and 3 months. Other variables, such as the type of curvature, stretched penile length (SPL), Peyronie's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ) scores, erectile function domain of the International Index of Erectile function (IIEF‐EF) score and adverse events (AEs) were also assessed in each visit.

Results

Forty‐one patients in the PG and 39 in the NIG completed the study. There was an overall reduction in curvature of 31.2° (P < 0.001) at 12 weeks compared to baseline in the PG, representing a 41.1% improvement from baseline, which significantly correlated with the number of daily hours the device was applied in a dose‐dependent manner. Those patients using the device < 4 h/day experienced a reduction of 15°–25° (mean 19.7°, 28.8% improvement; P < 0.05), while patients using the device > 6 h/day experienced greater curvature reduction, ranging from 20° to 50° (mean of 38.4°, 51.4% improvement; P < 0.001). In contrast, no significant changes in curvature were observed in the NIG. Furthermore, SPL increased significantly in the PG compared to baseline and compared with the NIG, ranging from 0.5 to 3.0 cm (mean 1.8 cm; P < 0.05). The IIEF‐EF score also improved in patients in the PG (by a mean of 5 points). Mild AEs occurred in 43% of patients, such as local discomfort and glans numbness.

Conclusion

The use of the Penimaster PRO PTD, a non‐invasive treatment, should be offered to patients with stable PD for 3 consecutive months before performing any corrective surgery, as this provided a significant reduction in the curvature, an increase in penile length and a significant improvement of the symptoms and bother induced by PD.
Fixed airflow obstruction relates to eosinophil activation in asthmatics
Authors: Mogensen Ida , Alving Kjell , Dahlen Sven‐Erik , James Anna , Forsberg Bertil , Ono Junya , Ohta Shoichiro , Venge Per , Borres Magnus P. , Izuhara Kenji , Janson Christer , Malinovschi Andrei
Published: October 2018

Background

Some asthmatics develop irreversible chronic airflow obstruction, for example, fixed airflow obstruction (fixed‐AO). This is probably a consequence of airway remodelling, but neither its relation to inflammation nor which asthma biomarkers can be clinically useful are elucidated. We hypothesized that the presence of type 2 inflammation relates to fixed‐AO.

Objectives

To evaluate the presence of four markers for type 2 inflammation in fixed airflow obstruction among asthmatics.

Methods

This was a cross‐sectional study of 403 participants with asthma, aged 17‐75 years, from three Swedish centres. Fixed airflow obstruction was defined as forced expiratory volume during the first second (FEV1) over forced vital capacity (FVC) being below the lower limit of normal (LLN). The following type 2 inflammation markers were assessed: exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), serum periostin, serum eosinophil cationic protein (S‐ECP), and urinary eosinophil‐derived neurotoxin (U‐EDN).

Results

Elevated U‐EDN (values in the highest tertile, ≥65.95 mg/mol creatinine) was more common in subjects with fixed‐AO vs. subjects without fixed‐AO: 55% vs. 29%, P < 0.001. Elevated U‐EDN related to increased likelihood of having fixed‐AO in both all subjects and never‐smoking subjects, with adjusted (adjusted for sex, age group, use of inhaled corticosteroids last week, atopy, early‐onset asthma, smoking history, and packyears) odds ratios (aOR) of 2.38 (1.28‐4.41) and 2.51 (1.04‐6.07), respectively. In a separate analysis, having both elevated S‐ECP (>20 μg/L) and U‐EDN was related to having the highest likelihood of fixed‐AO (aOR (95% CI) 6.06 (2.32‐15.75)). Elevated serum periostin or FeNO did not relate to fixed‐AO.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

These findings support that type 2 inflammation, and in particular eosinophil inflammation, is found in asthma with fixed‐AO. This could indicate a benefit from eosinophil‐directed therapies. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to investigate causality and relation to lung function decline.