bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Natural and artificial inoculation of radiata pine boles and seedlings with Phytophthora ramorum, causal agent of sudden oak death, reveals low host potential
Authors: Daniels Hazel A. , Bulman Lindsay , LeBoldus Jared M.
Published: October 2022

Radiata pine is an important plantation tree; more than 4 million ha are planted globally, and 90% of planted forests in Aotearoa New Zealand are radiata pine. It is susceptible to several root and foliar diseases caused by Phytophthora species, and is potentially susceptible to Phytophthora ramorum, the pathogen responsible for sudden oak death in the United States and Europe. A series of experiments were conducted to determine the potential risk of P. ramorum infection to radiata pine logs and seedlings in the context of forest harvest and replanting. In a natural inoculation experiment, bolts of radiata pine, Douglas‐fir and tanoak were exposed to P. ramorum inoculum produced from sporulating tanoak canopies infected with either the NA1 or EU1 lineage of P. ramorum. The experiment occurred at four sites, two NA1 and two EU1, across 2 years. Four per cent of radiata pine bolts, 8% of tanoak bolts and 0% Douglas‐fir bolts tested positive for P. ramorum. Artificial inoculations of bolts of the same species revealed a significant effect of lineage (p = .0024), species (p < .0001) and their interaction (p = .0027) on lesion length. Species was the only parameter that had a significant impact on average lesion length (p < .0001) and sporulation (p = .00144) from seedlings. No sporangia were observed on radiata pine seedlings (n = 60); few were observed on tanoak and Douglas‐fir. Although radiata pine can be colonized by P. ramorum, without a sporulating host in proximity it does not appear to be at high risk from this pathogen.
Reconstructive blepharoplasty following eyelid melanoma excision using a sliding skin flap in six horses
Authors: Rose Beth L. , Mair Tim S.
Published: October 2022

Melanomas are common in grey horses, and the eyelid is one of the less common predilection sites. The eyelids play an important role in maintaining ocular health, and damage to the eyelid margin can lead to ocular complications, including ocular pain, conjunctivitis and ulcerative keratitis. Surgical procedures to remove eyelid tumours, therefore, often require reconstruction techniques to re‐establish the eyelid's appearance and function. The sliding skin flap is a simple surgical technique that can be applied to close the defect resulting from surgical excision of eyelid tumours such as melanomas, but there is little published data about the short‐ and long‐term outcomes of this procedure in the horse. This case report reviews six horses where a sliding skin flap was used to reconstruct the eyelid after excision of discrete eyelid melanomas, with short‐ and long‐term follow‐up of the cases. Short‐term complications (including corneal abrasion from a suture) were uncommon (two cases), and there were no reported long‐term complications (follow‐up period 6 months to 13 years), with no melanoma recurrence at the surgical site. However, new melanoma development at other sites of the body occurred in several cases.
The non‐reversal of delegation in international standard‐setting in finance: The Basel Committee and the European Union
Authors: Quaglia Lucia
Published: October 2022

International non‐majoritarian institutions (NMIs) in finance have proliferated over the last decades. The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) is the main international NMI in finance and the European Union (EU) is one of its core jurisdictions. Despite the far‐reaching effects of international banking standards in the EU, especially the Basel accords, there has been limited politicization of delegation to the BCBS and no attempt to reverse it. Why? By taking a “soft” principal‐agent approach, this paper points out two explanatory factors: the composite nature of both the principal and the agent. It also identifies a pattern that can be generalized to other international NMIs in finance. Thus, following the initial delegation of international standard‐setting to the BCBS, this international NMI considerably increased its activities, going beyond what certain elected officials wanted; the response from elected officials was limited to the use of relatively weak ex‐ante and ex‐post controls, including delayed compliance.
Handheld ultrasound‐guided cannulation of difficult hemodialysis arteriovenous access: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chen Shune , Liu Justin Shuang , Chai Chung Cheen , Si Chanjuan , Tan Si Hui , Ravindran Hanita Rajah , Martinez Ma Teresa Pedrosa , Gao Yang , Yeap Ying Ru , Liu Allen Yan Lun
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Cannulation of complex arteriovenous fistula (AVF) or graft (AVG) frequently poses challenges to renal nursing practice. Ultrasound (US) guidance on visualizing central and peripheral venous access has been widely adopted in nephrology, reducing vascular intervention complications. Renal nurses could acquire this point‐of‐care technique to increase the successful cannulation rate while facilitating confidence build‐up during practice. We aim to evaluate the use of handheld US on difficult AVF/AVG cannulation in a hospital‐based dialysis unit.

Methods

We conducted a single‐center randomized controlled trial from January 2021 to January 2022. Ten renal nurses were trained by an interventional nephrologist before patient recruitment and had completed a pre‐ and posttraining questionnaire on their confidence level. Fifty hemodialysis patients with complex AVF were randomized to US‐guided or conventional cannulation. The total time spent on cannulation and patients' pain scores were also collected.

Findings

Renal nurses increased their confidence level after training (pretraining score 26.6 ± 6.9 vs. posttraining score 36.4 ± 3.0; p = 0.014). There was a higher success rate (only one cannulation attempt required) for US‐guided (96%) versus conventional (72.0%) cannulation (p = 0.049). US‐guided cannulation had a lower pain score than the conventional method (1.48 ± 0.73 vs. 2.13 ± 0.95, p = 0.012). The pre‐cannulation assessment time and time spent on cannulation were comparable between the two groups.

Discussion

Our study showed that US‐guided cannulation increased renal nurses' confidence level in difficult cannulation and improved success rate. Larger scale studies are required to further assess the applications of handheld US in AVF cannulation, particularly in different clinical settings (e.g., chronic dialysis centers).
My child is growing and now? Exploring the environmental needs of children with congenital Zika syndrome according to their caregivers' perceptions
Authors: Coelho Monique L. G. , Campos Taynah N. C. , Magalhães Adriana G. , Felix Jean B. , Melo Adriana , Tavares Jousilene S. , Monteiro Karolline S. , Longo Egmar
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Promoting social inclusion of children with congenital Zika virus syndrome (CZS) is challenging, mostly, when there is a transport problem, low access to information and a long distance between the house and health services. Participation can be understood as involvement in a life situation and is strongly influenced by physical, social and attitudinal environmental factors; however, was still little explored in the case of children with CZS. In this sense, this study aimed to explore the perception of caregivers about the environmental needs of children with CZS, differentiating barriers and facilitators.

Methods

This is qualitative research. Thematic analysis was used to identify the environmental needs perceived by caregivers of children with CZS. The patient public involvement (PPI) approach was incorporated with the purpose of validating the data analysis performed by the researchers. After this step, the data were categorized in terms of barriers and facilitators and validated by the group of researchers.

Results

A relevant environmental need reported by caregivers as a barrier was social support for children with CZS. Ableism was also evidenced as an important attitudinal barrier. Health services were essential for the lives of children with CZS and the availability of auxiliary devices as facilitators of participation. Environmental factors related to medication and food routines were, for the most part, facilitators.

Conclusion

This study contributes to critical approaches to the impacts linked to environmental factors of children with CZS, recognition of these children is an evolving process and fundamental to basic rights for adequate living in society. The data point to the need to implement public policies aimed at children with CZS, as well as the availability of qualified professionals to apply family‐centred care and skills‐focused management. Building friendly environments that promote broad social participation will contribute to the healthy growth of children with CZS.

Patient or Public Contribution

Six caregivers (20% of the caregivers) as part of the PPI approach were contacted and participated in individual virtual meetings to discuss the results of the thematic analysis regarding the environmental needs of children with CZS.
What Is in a Name? Purchases and Sales of Financial Assets as a Monetary Policy Instrument
Authors: MAU RONALD
Published: October 2022

This paper studies optimal interest rate and balance sheet policy in a quantitative New Keynesian model with a constrained financial sector, considering commitment versus discretion in monetary policy design and fixing either instrument. Optimal interest rate policy under commitment (discretion) achieves 93.0% (82.6%) of the potential gains to dual instrument monetary policy under commitment. Optimal discretionary dual instrument policy eliminates the cost of commitment limitations and exhibits no inflationary bias. Under commitment, the optimal balance sheet policy eliminates the cost of suboptimal interest rate policy, for example, an interest rate peg. Finally, I compare optimal policies to implementable rules‐based policies.
New imaging instrument in animal models: Two‐photon miniature microscope and large field of view miniature microscope for freely behaving animals
Authors: Guo Changliang , Wang Aimin , Cheng Heping , Chen Liangyi
Published: October 2022

Over the past decade, novel optical imaging tools have been developed for imaging neuronal activities along with the evolution of fluorescence indicators with brighter expression and higher sensitivity. Miniature microscopes, as revolutionary approaches, enable the imaging of large populations of neuron ensembles in freely behaving rodents and mammals, which allows exploring the neural basis of behaviors. Recent progress in two‐photon miniature microscopes and mesoscale single‐photon miniature microscopes further expand those affordable methods to navigate neural activities during naturalistic behaviors. In this review article, two‐photon miniature microscopy techniques are summarized historically from the first documented attempt to the latest ones, and comparisons are made. The driving force behind and their potential for neuroscientific inquiries are also discussed. Current progress in terms of the mesoscale, i.e., the large field‐of‐view miniature microscopy technique, is addressed as well. Then, pipelines for registering single cells from the data of two‐photon and large field‐of‐view miniature microscopes are discussed. Finally, we present the potential evolution of the techniques.

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Predictors of contraceptive use among young married women in India: Does pregnancy history matter?
Authors: Pradhan Manas R. , Mondal Sourav
Published: October 2022

Aim

Contraceptive use and its correlates among young women continue to draw research attention due to its implication for fertility reduction, improved maternal and child health, and sexual and reproductive rights. This study explores the association between pregnancy history and contraceptive use among currently married young women (aged 15–24 years at childbirth) in India.

Method

Data from the National Family Health Survey (2019–2021) was analyzed through STATA with a significance level of 5%. The births in the last 5 years preceding the survey to the women aged 15–24 years at childbirth (n = 127 954) were considered for analysis. Multinomial logistic regression was used to check the unadjusted and adjusted effects of the pregnancy history on contraceptive use.

Results

Young women with a history of mistimed pregnancy had significantly lower odds of using modern limiting methods of contraception (odds ratio [OR] = 0.90, confidence interval [CI] = 0.82–0.98), and those with a prior unwanted pregnancy were more likely to use modern limiting methods of contraception (OR = 1.75, CI = 1.57–1.95).

Conclusion

Pregnancy history influences young married women's current contraceptive use in India. Family planning programs may use the contacts with antenatal, delivery, and post‐delivery care system as an opportunity to identify women with an unwanted pregnancy, especially those educationally and economically weaker, for targeted information and service delivery. Better counseling of potential young contraceptive acceptors will ensure informed decision‐making and increased use of modern spacing methods.
Microbiomes associated with avian malaria survival differ between susceptible Hawaiian honeycreepers and sympatric malaria‐resistant introduced birds
Authors: Navine Amanda K. , Paxton Kristina L. , Paxton Eben H. , Hart Patrick J. , Foster Jeffrey T. , McInerney Nancy , Fleischer Robert C. , Videvall Elin
Published: October 2022

Of the estimated 55 Hawaiian honeycreepers (subfamily Carduelinae) only 17 species remain, nine of which the International Union for Conservation of Nature considers endangered. Among the most pressing threats to honeycreeper survival is avian malaria, caused by the introduced blood parasite Plasmodium relictum, which is increasing in distribution in Hawaiʻi as a result of climate change. Preventing further honeycreeper decline will require innovative conservation strategies that confront malaria from multiple angles. Research on mammals has revealed strong connections between gut microbiome composition and malaria susceptibility, illuminating a potential novel approach to malaria control through the manipulation of gut microbiota. One honeycreeper species, Hawaiʻi ʻamakihi (Chlorodrepanis virens), persists in areas of high malaria prevalence, indicating they have acquired some level of immunity. To investigate if avian host‐specific microbes may be associated with malaria survival, we characterized cloacal microbiomes and malaria infection for 174 ʻamakihi and 172 malaria‐resistant warbling white‐eyes (Zosterops japonicus) from Hawaiʻi Island using 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Neither microbial alpha nor beta diversity covaried with infection, but 149 microbes showed positive associations with malaria survivors. Among these were Escherichia and Lactobacillus spp., which appear to mitigate malaria severity in mammalian hosts, revealing promising candidates for future probiotic research for augmenting malaria immunity in sensitive endangered species.
Methodology to integrate augmented reality and pattern recognition for crack detection
Authors: Malek Kaveh , Mohammadkhorasani Ali , Moreu Fernando
Published: October 2022

In‐field visual inspections have inherent challenges associated with humans such as low accuracy, excessive cost and time, and safety. To overcome these barriers, researchers and industry leaders have developed image‐based methods for automatic structural crack detection. More recently, researchers have proposed using augmented reality (AR) to interface human visual inspection with automatic image‐based crack detection. However, to date, AR crack detection is limited because: (1) it is not available in real time and (2) it requires an external processing device. This paper describes a new AR methodology that addresses both problems enabling a standalone real‐time crack detection system for field inspection. A Canny algorithm is transformed into the single‐dimensional mathematical environment of the AR headset digital platform. Then, the algorithm is simplified based on the limited headset processing capacity toward lower processing time. The test of the AR crack‐detection method eliminates AR image‐processing dependence on external processors and has practical real‐time image‐processing.
Habitat characteristics and factors threatening the rare and endangered fern Adiantum nelumboides
Authors: Yu Shunhui , Wang Baihui , Sheng Li , Li Qiulin , Zuo Youwei , Wang Shaoheng , Huang Xiushan , Zhao Bin , Deng Hongping , Gu Fengtai , Liu Dianying
Published: October 2022

Adiantum nelumboides X.C.Zhang (Adiantaceae) is a rare and endangered fern endemic to the Three Gorges Region in southwest China. Here, its geographical distribution, habitat and resource status is analyzed based on literature, interview and field investigations. The ecological environment, climatic characteristics, soil nutrients and associated vegetation were statistically analyzed. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to find the main environmental factors affecting the distribution and survival of A. nelumboides, and the main threat factors were explored. The results show 1) A. nelumboides is mostly distributed along the banks of the Yangtze River between Wanzhou District in the east and Shizhu County in the west of the Chongqing Three Gorges Reservoir area, across 30°31′–30°29′N and 108°10′–108°17′E, on cliffs at an altitude of 250–356 m a.s.l., a slope of 65–87° and northeast aspect, and 2) mean annual temperature in the distribution area of A. nelumboides range from 16.5 to 18.1°C. It is a subtropical species that prefer a climate with abundant rainfall, deep shade and long frost‐free period, and grows in wet, acidic or weakly acid brown purple soil and purple‐black soil. Soil nutrients are abundant, but available phosphorus is relatively lacking in the habitat of the species. The main factors threatening A. nelumboides are competition for resources, severe destruction of habitat by human activities, low survival rate of spores and low natural renewal ability. The study suggests that protection based on origin and ex situ conservation should be implemented, artificial cultivation should be carried out, and wild populations should be restored to increase population heterogeneity.
The South Asian monsoon maintains the disjunction of Rumex hastatus between the western Himalayas and the Hengduan Mountains, southwest China
Authors: Martiné Eric , Zeuss Dirk , Lampei Christian , Sun Hang , Miehe Georg , Opgenoorth Lars
Published: October 2022

The Himalayas and the Hengduan Mountains of southwest China are hotspots of both climatic and species diversity. Yet, the distribution patterns of semi‐arid plant communities that have arisen throughout the region's complex uplift history remain insufficiently understood. In particular, the striking disjunctions of plants associated with dry river valleys that solely occur on the eastern and western ends of the Himalayan arc, but are absent in between, lack a sound explanation. Here we aim to disentangle the more recent environmental drivers behind the disjunction of the semi‐woody shrub Rumex hastatus found in dry river valleys of the western Himalayas and the Hengduan Mountains. We used ecological niche modeling and enhanced random forest parameterizations (down‐sampling) to infer suitable and unsuitable habitats within the study area during the last glacial maximum, under present climate conditions, and under four future climate scenarios. Annual and seasonal precipitation contributed the strongest to the discrimination between occurrences and the distribution gap, with the latter showing much higher rainfall amounts. The gap was also characterized by low overall habitat suitability, whereas occurrence probabilities in dry river valleys inhabited by R. hastatus were very high. However, some suitable but isolated habitats within the gap were detected in Bhutan and the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. The identified distribution gap was consistent in all simulated scenarios from the last glacial maximum to the near future. Our results suggest that the South Asian summer monsoon system acts as a persistent ecological barrier maintaining the disjunct distribution of dry river valley‐dwelling plants in the western Himalayas and the Hengduan Mountains.
Ecological determinants of variation in phenotypic selection on quantitative immune defence traits
Authors: Langeloh Laura , Jokela Jukka , Seppälä Katri , Seppälä Otto
Published: October 2022

Immune defence is an important determinant of organismal fitness. While theoretical models based on tradeoffs in resource allocation predict quantitative immune traits to be subject to stabilizing selection due to associated energetic costs and self‐harm, empirical studies report mainly positive directional selection. This discrepancy may arise from multiple ecological factors that vary in nature and could influence selection. We examined if selection on immune activity varies depending on immune challenge/infection risk, between immune traits and among populations in the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis. We assessed selection on the phenoloxidase‐like and antibacterial activity of snail haemolymph while manipulating the level of immune challenge imposed by environmental microbes. We did this using snails from multiple populations and also quantified within‐population family‐level variation (i.e. evolutionary potential) in the snails' immune activity. We found that the strength of immune challenge and the examined immune trait determined selection on the snails' immune function. Thus, variation in infection risk can be an important factor in maintaining genetic variation in defence traits. Additionally, immune traits showed low among‐population differentiation but high within‐population genetic variation. This pattern could arise if natural snail populations are exposed to higher temporal than spatial variation in infection risk.
Case report of severe refractory inflammatory dermatoses in a young female diagnosed with hereditary alpha tryptasemia
Authors: Kranyak Allison , Shuler Marshall , Williams Kelli W. , Wine Lee Lara
Published: October 2022

Hereditary alpha tryptasemia (HaT), an autosomal dominant condition first described in 2014, has previously been associated with multiple dermatologic, allergic, gastrointestinal, neuropsychiatric, autonomic, and connective tissue abnormalities. We describe a pediatric patient with predominantly mixed cutaneous inflammatory manifestations and atopic manifestations resistant to treatment who was found to have HaT. HaT should be considered in individuals with refractory inflammatory dermatologic disease and signs and/or symptoms concerning for mast cell activation.
Giant panda habitat restoration requires more than just planting bamboo and trees
Authors: Chen Dong , Jin Xuelin , Zhang Ximing , Zhu Qifeng , Zhang Zhifeng , Hu Simin , Chen Yongxin , Zhao Qingxia
Published: October 2022

Planting bamboo and trees is of great importance in giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) habitat restoration. In practice, however, simply planting bamboo and trees cannot effectively and rapidly restore lost, degraded, and fragmented habitats. Based on present restoration work in the Qinling Mountains, China, we argue that: (1) Planting should be done on open and suitable forest lands, but the area that could be afforested is relatively small. (2) Forests that have regrown naturally on cut‐over lands are mostly middle‐aged and early secondary stands, which need to be managed, not replanted. (3) Plantations of non‐native larch (Larix spp.) urgently need to be replaced and replanted with native trees and bamboos, but new policies are needed that allow these plantations to be thinned or cut. (4) Bamboo forests in the mid‐high mountain zones need to be assessed to determine if they are disclimaxes of degraded forests. Pilot studies are needed to determine the best need and practices to rehabilitate and restore them. We conclude that the restoration of panda habitat cannot be accomplished simply through tree and bamboo plantings.
Value of high‐frequency ultrasound in the treatment of moderate and severe acne vulgaris
Authors: Luo Yanwen , Wang Juncheng , Gao Yuanjing , Wang Yukun , Zhang Shan , Liu Zhaorui , Zhu Qingli , Liu Jie
Published: October 2022

Background

Acne treatment may fail or cause undesirable side effects due to inaccurate evaluation. High‐frequency ultrasound (HFUS) can monitor systemic treatment in patients with moderate‐to‐severe acne vulgaris.

Materials and methods

In this prospective study, consecutive patients with moderate‐to‐severe acne vulgaris were recruited. Patients were graded by a comprehensive clinical assessment before and after therapy. Simultaneous HFUS grading was independently evaluated according to the sonographic scoring system for acne (SSSA). Clinical and HFUS grades were compared through kappa analysis.

Results

A total of 70 patients were enrolled. At baseline, 36 (51.4%) and 34 (48.6%) patients were graded as moderate and severe, respectively, through clinical assessment. However, 27 patients (38.6%) scored SSSA‐Grade II and 43 (61.4%) scored SSSA‐Grade III in the HFUS grading. Sixty‐one patients (87.1%) were in the consistent category as per clinical assessment and HFUS grades, with Kappa1 = 0.745, whereas higher HFUS grades were observed in nine patients. By the end of the observation, 65 of all patients (92.9%) showed significant improvement and 5 (7.1%) showed no apparent improvement after the treatment. According to the clinical assessment, 14, 52, and 4 patients were graded as mild, moderate, and severe, respectively. On the other hand, 11, 51, and 8 patients had SSSA‐Grade I, II, and III, respectively. Of all patients, 63 (90.0%) had consistent evaluation results, with Kappa2 = 0.762, whereas the remaining seven patients had an HFUS grade higher than the clinical.

Conclusion

HFUS is a useful tool for dermatologists to monitor the treatment of moderate and severe acne vulgaris.
Arginine–fructose–glucose from red ginseng extract reduces stiffness of keratin fiber in corneocyte of skin
Authors: Kim Sunyoung , Lee Seung Ho , Lee Seol‐Hoon
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The moisture content of the stratum corneum of the skin changes depending on the external environment. The structure of keratinous fiber protein in corneocyte of the skin changes depending on the amount of moisture. As the moisture decreases, the population of the alpha‐helix increases, the beta‐sheet deceases, and the stiffness increases accordingly. Here, we investigated the effect of humectants from ginseng on the keratin structure.

Methods

Corneocyte was prepared from dry porcine skin with disc tape and measured through ATR‐FT‐IR. The signal from amide I of the keratin protein in corneocyte was detected, and the change in the ratio of alpha‐helix and beta‐sheet was calculated. The test samples were treated on the exfoliated corneocyte, and the degree of change was checked.

Result

Arginine–fructose–glucose (AFG)‐enriched extract of red ginseng was effective in changing the keratin structure and was superior to humectants such as glycerin. However, arginine, mono sugar were not effective, and the AFG form in which two sugars were bound to one amino acid could perform its function.

Conclusion

The present study suggests that AFG, when applied to cosmetics, is expected to improve skin texture in a different way from existing moisturizers represented by glycerin by reducing the alpha‐helix structure of corneocyte keratin.
Predicting and modelling availability of fluoride in soil from sorption properties
Authors: Wehr Johannes Bernhard , Dalzell Scott A. , Menzies Neal W.
Published: October 2022

Usage of alkaline and saline groundwater with elevated concentrations of fluoride (F−) for irrigation of pastures requires an assessment of the mobility of F− within the plant‐water‐soil continuum. Factors influencing F− sorption and desorption in 95 Australian soils were examined. Pronounced differences in F− sorption were observed across the soils, but these differences could not be explained by differences in soil pH, electrical conductivity or organic carbon. Rather, sorption was correlated with the content of Fe/Al hydrous oxides and kaolinite in soil. Sorption of F− onto soils increased the solution pH and the ratio of (F− adsorbed) to (OH− desorbed) was consistently below 1, thereby indicating that adsorption of F− results in the release of water and hydroxyl groups from, or co‐adsorption of protons to, the sorbent surface. Maximum sorption occurred at pH values of approximately 5–6, whilst sulphate slightly increased (<5%) F− sorption. Desorption was slightly decreased (~3%–7%) in presence of sulphate anions. Hence, it is unlikely that irrigation of soil with alkaline and saline groundwater, in combination with soil applications of gypsum and sulphur to limit pH fluctuations, would increase mobility of F− in soil. Finally, the irrigation of soil columns with 1200–1500 mm of alkaline and saline groundwater containing 0.18 mM F−, as would commonly occur in irrigation systems using coal seam gas associated water in Australia, resulted in a F− concentration of 0.05 mM at 10 cm depth and the measured values were in excellent agreement with modelled F− movement based on sorption parameters. Thus, sorption parameters can be used to identify soils which minimize movement of F− because of their strong F− sorption. Based on these results, safe limits for irrigation of soil can be established which avoid F− toxicity risks to plants, animals and contamination of water resources.
El delito de solicitación: género, narrativa y resistencia
Authors: Morales Segura Cristina
Published: October 2022

Este artículo explora el expediente inquisitorial contra un clérigo acusado de solicitación o requerimiento de favores sexuales a su penitente, una mujer testigo compareciente en la causa. El sacramento de la confesión constituye aquí un abuso de poder religioso y sexual ante el cual la mujer desarrolla una estrategia de denuncia con tácticas narrativas y argumentativas precisas, utilizando a su favor el sistema establecido y sus relaciones intrínsecas de control y poder. Su resistencia se articula desde el interior del sistema con la intención de poner fin a las prácticas abusivas del clérigo.
“Un razonamiento bastardo”. La página, ese invisible receptáculo
Authors: Rodríguez Freire Raúl
Published: October 2022

Históricamente, la preocupación por la creación intelectual ha tendido a ocultar, de manera fetichista, el trabajo y la materialidad necesarios para su circulación. Ello implica que se privilegia la mente o el genio del creador (pensando generalmente en términos masculinos). En esta obliteración cae incluso la preocupación contemporánea por la materialidad, que suele pasar por alto su propia materialidad, es decir, pasa por alto sus mismas condiciones contextuales y de producción. El presente ensayo reflexiona sobre el lugar de la página sobre la que el pensamiento se inscribe, pero, al mismo tiempo, explicitando que se lo hace desde una mano articulada a un cerebro, a un cuerpo.
Representaciones letradas de la radio, la prensa y el intelectual en dos novelas del bogotazo
Authors: Melo Ruiz Héctor
Published: October 2022

Este artículo analiza la representación de la radio y la prensa en dos novelas del bogotazo: El 9 de abril (1951) de Pedro Gómez Corena y La calle 10 (1960) de Manuel Zapata Olivella. Estas obras contienen dos visiones antitéticas sobre la revuelta popular. Mientras que el texto de Gómez Corena interpreta la violencia del bogotazo como una intervención del comunismo internacional, la novela de Zapata Olivella representa la revuelta como un intento fallido, pero perfectible, de una revolución armada por venir. Ambos textos formulan también una valoración antagónica sobre el papel de los intelectuales durante la revuelta y sobre los medios de comunicación masiva que estos intervienen. Este artículo estudia entonces, por un lado, cómo dichas novelas instrumentalizan la violencia del bogotazo, en favor de sus propios proyectos intelectuales y

políticos. Y, por otro lado, cómo estas representaciones contienen una serie de ansiedades letradas sobre las masas urbanas, sobre la potencialidad de su violencia en la ciudad y sobre los medios de comunicación masivos.
Influence of Internal Slug Flow on Vortex-Induced Vibration of Flexible Riser With Variable Curvature
Authors: Ma Bowen , Srinil Narakorn
Published: October 2022

Flexible risers carrying multiphase gas-liquid flows may experience the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) due to the external current flow. Previous studies have mostly focused on either VIV of flexible risers or multiphase flows in static straight pipes, whereas understanding of combined external-internal (VIV-multiphase) flow effects on flexible risers with variable inclinations and curvatures is still limited. The present study aims to model and numerically investigate the dynamics of a slug flow-carrying catenary riser subject to VIV and to evaluate the internal nonuniform slug gas-liquid flow effects on the overall flow-induced vibration behaviours. A steady slug flow model is applied to approximate slug flow-induced vibration (SIV) caused by the internal flow weights, momenta, and pressure variations along the riser pipe. The cross-flow and in-line VIV of the flexible riser under a perpendicular uniform steady flow is modelled by using the distributed van der Pol wake oscillators leading to 3-D responses with out-of-plane and in-plane (horizontal and vertical) displacements. Validation of the VIV model is conducted by comparing with experimental results in the literature. Some experimentally observed VIV and SIV features of flexible cylinders are numerically predicted. Through comparing the cases under internal-external flow conditions, riser responses are assessed in terms of dynamic responses, resonant frequencies, and vibration modes for the VIV-only versus combined VIV-SIV scenarios. The slug flow results in greater complex dynamics owing to the multimode oscillations. This observation should be recognized in a practical analysis and design of production risers.
Machine Learning Based Prediction of Wave-Induced Vessel Response
Authors: Cetin Ali , Solum Vegard R. , Evans Cristina M.
Published: October 2022

“Waiting on weather” is a costly restraint on offshore vessel operability. Vessel operating windows are determined based on the relationships between the weather and vessel movement, and uncertainties in these predictions may result in vessel operations being ceased prematurely. To improve the efficiency of offshore operations, existing assumptions and calculations based on conventional response amplitude operators (RAOs) should be challenged and improved. A machine learning approach is presented as a means of enriching these conventional RAOs with data.

The machine learning model uses sea state forecasts to predict vessel response spectra. The model is cleverly formulated to use any existing RAO as a fallback solution in the absence of sufficient data. When applied to a comprehensive real-world scenario, the model predominantly outperforms the “best” available existing RAO. The results can be used not only to improve wave-vessel response predictions, but also to improve our understanding of existing RAOs and their shortcomings. Ultimately, the work can contribute to reducing overconservatism in weather-based restrictions on offshore vessel operability.
Estimation of Hydrodynamic Forces on Cylinders Undergoing Flow-Induced Vibrations Based on Modal Analysis
Authors: Yin Guang , Janocha Marek Jan , Ong Muk Chen
Published: October 2022

The objective of the present study is estimating hydrodynamic forces acting on cylinders undergoing vortex-induced-vibration (VIV) using Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD). The cylinders are subjected to a uniform incoming flow at an upper transition Reynolds number (Re = 3.6 × 106) (Re = U∞ D/ν defined based on the incoming flow U∞, the diameter of the cylinder D and the viscosity of the fluid ν). Both a single cylinder and a configuration of piggyback cylinders are considered. Numerical simulations based on two-dimensional URANS (Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes) equations combined with the k-ω SST turbulence model are carried out to obtain the snapshots of the surrounding flow fields for DMD analysis. The DMD method is a powerful tool to obtain the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of the coherent structures in the wake flow behind the cylinders. In the present study, this modal decomposition method is combined with a moving reference frame around the cylinders. The dominant DMD modes with their corresponding frequencies of the wake flows are identified and are used to reconstruct the flow fields. The large-scale shedding vortices are captured by the dominant modes. The reconstructed wake flow behind the cylinders is used to estimate the drag and lift forces on the cylinders combined with a force partitioning analysis.
Further Investigation on Wave Impact Loads on the Underside of a 2D Flat-Bottomed Model
Authors: de Oliveira Costa Daniel , Perim Julia , Sales Junior Joel Sena , Fernandes Antonio Carlos
Published: October 2022

Slamming loads due to wave impact is a topic which can be related to several different situations in the areas of ocean engineering, such as the lowering of a subsea module through the wave splash zone during launching operations or wave loads underneath riser decks and other appendages on stationary units. In a previous study, the case of a flat-bottomed model submitted to regular incoming waves was explored numerically and experimentally to reproduce, in a reduced scale, cases available in the literature.

The present work aims to further investigate the case of a flat box, extending the analysis to a broader combination of wave properties to verify their effects over the coefficients. Slamming and suction coefficients are adopted to represent the loads through nondimensional parameters. Experimental data is presented for a 2D assembly, with a detailed discussion on the methods for the evaluation of the nondimensional coefficients. Typical time series are presented, and different types of impact events are displayed. Estimations based on the von Karman based approach are presented and compared to experimental data. Model tests are carried out at the wave tank of the Laboratory of Waves and Currents (LOC – COPPE/UFRJ).
Application of Optimization Algorithm on Parameters of an Empirical VIV Prediction Tool
Authors: Yin Decao , Wu Jie , Lie Halvor , Jin Jingzhe , Passano Elizabeth , Sævik Svein , Eidnes Solve , Grytoyr Guttorm , Tognarelli Michael A. , Andersen Torgrim , Igland Ragnar , Karunakaran Daniel , Gaskill Collin
Published: October 2022

Conventional vortex-induced vibration (VIV) prediction tools are semi-empirical, in other words, based on several empirical parameters extracted from model tests in laboratory. Generally, the lab tests are costly, include small scale test conditions and with a limited test matrix. The extracted empirical databases are not directly applicable to full-scale VIV predictions of various slender marine structures. Therefore, large safety factors have been used by industry for VIV prediction in the past decades.

To reduce the uncertainty (e.g. over-conservatism) related to semi-empirical VIV prediction tools, the NLPQL algorithm for parameter optimization of a semi-empirical time-domain prediction tool has been investigated.

This methodology was demonstrated on pure cross-flow VIV prediction in an earlier study. It was shown that by setting appropriate constraints and cost functions of the optimization algorithm, this method is feasible to improve the VIV prediction accuracy. In this study, the NLPQL optimization algorithm was applied for combined cross-flow and in-line VIV predictions using time domain numerical model. Selected cases from field measurements representing multi-fidelity data were used to validate and verify the method.
A Life-Cycle Cost Framework for Onboard Emission Reduction Technologies: The Case of the Flapping-Foil Thruster Propulsion Innovation
Authors: Ventikos Nikolaos P. , Perera Lokukaluge P. , Sotiralis Panagiotis , Annetis Emmanouil , Stamatopoulou Eirini V.
Published: October 2022

To deal with the decarbonization challenge in an efficient way in terms of cost-effectiveness, reliability and feasibility for newbuilding and retrofit solutions in maritime industry, Seatech H2020 project develops a flapping-foil thruster propulsion innovation, together with a dual-fuel engine innovation to increase fuel efficiency and reduce emissions. The focus of this study is on the foil thruster, which is arranged at the bow and slightly in front of the ship, and it utilises the energy from wave-induced motions by converting it into thrust. For such innovations, a clear picture of its economic impacts facilitates their adoption. Thus, to deal with the economic aspects, from a life cycle perspective, the paper introduces a life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) framework, which includes all four phases of the system’s life cycle; construction, operation, maintenance and end-of-life. In the context of the developed framework, the initial challenge for the LCCA exercise is to fully define the design details of the system, which will facilitate the cost approximation, mainly for construction, maintenance and end-of-life phases. The results from the materialisation of the LCCA provide significant insight with respect to the lifecycle costs and may support the decision-making process for newbuilding and retrofitting investments.
Statistical Variation Of The 3-Hour Maximum Crest Height in a Survival Sea State
Authors: Bunnik Tim , Scharnke Jule
Published: October 2022

Due to the random nature of extreme waves, wave impacts follow a highly stochastic pattern. To reduce the statistical uncertainties that are naturally arising in estimates of design loads related to extreme waves, sufficient data must be gathered. The first step in a design load analysis is the realization of a set of realistic (typically 3-hour) waves which is large enough to describe the randomness in the impact in sufficient detail, such that the probability of exceedance of the maximum 3-hour load levels can be predicted accurately. In this paper we will investigate if Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is capable of predicting realistic random 3-hour extreme waves. Since the maximum 3-hour load is driven by the highest and steepest waves we will look into the distribution of the maximum 3-hour crest height and the corresponding wave steepness of these events. A comparison is made with wave flume measurements in which 100 random realizations of an extreme wave (Hs = 16.7m, Tp = 15.9s) with a 10,000-year return period were generated and measured.
Hydroelastic Simulation of Breaking Wave Impact on a Flexible Coastal Seawall
Authors: Li Yuzhu , Hu Zhengyu , Huang Luofeng
Published: October 2022

The impact of breaking waves on an elastic vertical wall is investigated with a fully-coupled numerical model. The waves breaking on a 1:10 sloped bed is simulated with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach with the stabilized k-ω model for turbulence closure. The deformations and stresses in the elastic vertical wall are investigated with the computational solid mechanics (CSM) approach. The CFD and CSM approaches are fully-coupled in the finite-volume-method-based OpenFOAM framework. The present approach is verified against an existing study of the interaction between non-breaking solitary waves and an elastic vertical wall. Good agreement is obtained. Then the breaking waves are simulated and their interaction with the elastic vertical wall is investigated. It is found that breaking waves can cause strong deformation and vibration of the elastic seawall. The oscillation frequency of the seawall is four times the wave frequency.
Design and Global Performance of a Semi-Submersible Floating Offshore Wind Turbine System
Authors: Shi Xiaohua , Cheng Yongming , Shen Yang , Shou Chunhui , Chu Zhuyu , Lin Gan
Published: October 2022

Offshore wind turbines are a leading renewable energy technology with significant potential to support the drive for a low-carbon economy. As the availability of shallow water sites declines, floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) technologies can play a leading role in accessing deep water sites. This paper investigates design and global performance of a semi-submersible floating offshore wind turbine system.

Existing design concepts of floating support structures and station keeping systems for FOWT’s are mostly developed based on experience from the offshore oil and gas industry, which has witnessed almost 70 years of designing and operating numerous floating offshore structures. This paper first introduces a new semi-submersible FOWT system developed by the authors for the application in South China Sea. The system consists of 8MW wind turbine, supporting tower, semi-submersible platform structure, station keeping mooring lines, and dynamic cable. The principal dimensions of the platform and ballast setting are iteratively designed for the better global performance in terms of response amplitude operator. The FOWT system also covers the layout of mooring lines and the configuration of dynamic cable. The semi-submersible FOWT system is designed to meet the requirement for natural periods recommended by the guidance notes from ABS.

The time domain fully coupled aero-hydro-servo-elastic response of the floating wind turbine is investigated by using the FEA program of OrcaFlex. The turbine takes the form of a conventional three-bladed rotor, with variable-speed and variable blade-pitch control capabilities. The turbine object in OrcaFlex is used to model the generator, gearbox, hub, blades and associated control systems. The environmental conditions in South China Sea are used in the dynamic analysis. The load case matrix covers 1-yr operating, 10-yr, and 100-yr extreme conditions. The time history of generator power is presented for the illustration of the regulation facilitated by the blade controller. The results include generator power, vessel offset, heave motion, heel angle, and maximum tension of mooring lines. For the 100-yr tropical environmental condition, the wind turbine is parked. The air gap especially at the tip of blades is examined for the extreme parked condition.

This paper finally summarizes the findings from the design and global performance of the semi-submersible floating offshore wind turbine system.
Numerical Simulation of Bimodal Wave Spectrum Based on Viscous CFD Method
Authors: Chen Jingyao , Liu Liwei , Wang Xianzhou , Li Jianxin , Yao Xi
Published: October 2022

Sea wave spectra play an important role in the design of marine vehicle and off-shore structures. Most of the available studies for seakeeping performance of marine vehicle have been concentrated on analyzing the wave spectra generated by local wind due to its simplicity as well as inadequacy of measurements. However, simultaneous presence of swell always changes the model of wave spectrum and affecting offshore structures design seakeeping safety. In this study, the Ochi-Hubble spectrum, which is a typical six-parameter (based on the data set from south China sea) bimodal spectrum, is applied to model the mixed long-crest wave composed of wind-sea and swell components. Based on an in-house computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver, a numerical wave tank is developed and the wave generating method by defining the velocity inlet boundary condition is used to simulate the mixed wave composed of wind-sea and swell. The level-set method is applied to capture the free surface during the numerical simulation. Verification and validation works are carried out to estimate the numerical errors and uncertainties for the mixed wave generation. Verification work includes grid and time-step convergence studies, where the proper time-step and grid can be determined. For the validation study, the numerical results are compared with the theoretical results, with respect to the time series behavior and spectrum characteristic. The comparisons show that the differences of the typical parameters between the CFD and theoretical results are all less than 3%, which indicate that the CFD method simulates the mixed wave accurately.