bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative assessment of liver fibrosis in patients with HIV/chronic hepatitis C co-infection in different ethnic groups
Authors: Sarsekeyeva Nazgul , Kosherova Bakhyt , Azizov Ilya
Published: October 2016

Introduction: In recent years, the frequency of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C (HCV) co-infection has increased, which is due to their common routes of transmission. HIV/chronic HCV co-infection aggravates the development of fibrosis and increases the risk of cirrhosis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the results of liver elastometry in patients of different ethnic groups with HIV/chronic HCV co-infection. Methodology: The study involved 49 Kazakh and 46 Russian patients with HIV/chronic HCV co-infection. The stage of liver fibrosis was assessed by the results of indirect ultrasonic liver elastometry according to the METAVIR scale using FibroScan 502. As an indirect marker of liver fibrosis, level of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, as well as platelet counts, were determined. Results: Analysis of the results with the evaluation of the dynamics of fibrotic process in 36 months revealed a prevalence of patients with advanced liver fibrosis (F3, F4) among Kazakh compared with Russian patients, accompanied by a significant increase of liver elasticity indices in Kazakhs and Russians (p < 0.05). Significant differences in the indices of transaminases in the patients with later stages of liver fibrosis (F3, F4) were found (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The study of patients with HIV/chronic HCV co-infection revealed differences in the progression of liver fibrosis depending on ethnicity. Results of elastometry and indirect markers of liver fibrosis were used in the comprehensive assessment at different stages of liver fibrosis.
Prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from blood cultures in Mali
Authors: Sangare Samba Adama , Maiga Almoustapha Issiaka , Guindo Ibrehima , Maiga Aminata , Camara Namory , Dicko Oumar Agaly , Diallo Souleymane , Bougoudogo Flabou , Armand-Lefevre Laurence , Andremont Antoine , Maiga Ibrahim Izetiegouma
Published: October 2016

Introduction: The increasing frequency of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae is becoming a serious public health concern. This study sought to determine ESBL frequency in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from patients’ blood cultures in two university teaching hospitals of Bamako, Mali. Methodology: During a three-month period, the presence of Enterobacteriaceae from blood cultures of patients admitted to the university teaching hospitals of Bamako was evaluated. The microbial identifications were initially performed with an API 20E gallery and VITEK2 locally in Mali, and then confirmation in France was performed with a mass spectrometry MALDI-TOF in the bacteriology laboratory of the university teaching hospital of Bichat. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles were determined by the diffusion method as recommended by the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). Results: The isolated species were K. pneumoniae (14/40; 35.0%), E. coli (11/40; 27.5%), and E. cloacae (9/40; 22.5%). Of the strains isolated, 21/34 (61.8%) had an ESBL phenotype, including 10/14 (71.4%) K. pneumoniae, 8/11 (72.7%) E. coli, and 3/9 (33.3%) E. cloacae. Resistances associated with ESBL strains of K. pneumoniae, E. coli, and E. cloacae were as follows: gentamicin (10/10, 100%; 6/8, 75%; 2/3, 67%, respectively), amikacin (2/10, 20%; 0/8, 0%; 0/3, 0%, respectively), ofloxacin (8/10, 80%; 7/8, 87%; 3/3, 100%, respectively), and cotrimoxazole (10/10, 100%; 6/8, 75%; 3/3, 100%, respectively). Conclusion: Almost two-thirds (61.8%) of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from our blood cultures were ESBL producers. Only susceptibilities to carbapenems and to amikacin were fully conserved within the strains.
Antimicrobial resistance levels amongst staphylococci isolated from clinical cases of bovine mastitis in Kosovo
Authors: Mehmeti Ibrahim , Behluli Behlul , Mestani Mergim , Ademi Arsim , Nes Ingolf F , Diep Dzung B
Published: October 2016

Introduction: Mastitis is one of the most frequent and costly disease in cattle. We studied milk samples from cattle with mastitis from farms in Kosovo to identify mastitis-causing pathogens and possible effective antibiotics. Our ultimate goal is to help implement adequate antibiotic management and treatment practices in Kosovo Methodology: A total of 152 milk samples were collected from cows with clinical mastitis from different farms in Kosovo. After identification of microorganisms, antibiotic susceptibility and the occurrence of enterotoxins was investigated. Results: Staphylococci were found in 89 samples, of which 58 were coagulase negative and 31 coagulase positive. S. aureus was isolated from 27 samples, S. epidermidis from 25, and S. chromogenes from 15, while other species of staphylococci were isolated from the remaining 22 isolates. Interestingly, the bacterial diversity was different between cows in different periods of lactation and among different breeds. Most of the isolates (76/89) were resistant to two or more antibiotics. The highest resistance was to penicillin and ampicillin (> 65%), followed by tetracycline, oxacillin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol (> 23%), and less than 3% to erythromycin. Of the 89 isolates, 40 produced enterotoxins that were most frequently typed as A and C. Conclusions: We detected human bacterial pathogens in the cultures of milk samples from cows with mastitis. The isolates demonstrated resistance to two or more antibiotics, some of which are frequently used to treat animal and human infections. We recommend increased control and more stringent use of antibiotics in veterinary as well as human medicine.
An unusual case of Candida ciferrii fungemia in an immunocompromised patient with Crohn’s and Mycobacterium bovis disease
Authors: Villanueva-Lozano Hiram , Treviño-Rangel Rogelio de J. , Hernández-Balboa Cristina L. , González Gloria M. , Martínez-Reséndez Michel F.
Published: October 2016

We present a case report of a fungal bloodstream infection due to an unusual pathogen. This is a 30 years-old female patient diagnosed with Crohn’s disease and a disseminated Mycobacterium bovis infection subsequently complicated by fungemia due to the emergent yeast pathogen Candida ciferrii, who was unresponsive to fluconazole and made a full recovery after treatment with posaconazole. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Candida ciferrii isolation from blood in an adult associated to a central venous catheter and which was successfully treated with posaconazole.
A systematic florula of a disturbed urban habitat: Pavements of Sheffield, England
Authors: Pescott Oliver
Published: October 2016

Human settlements are of increasing interest to ecologists, a fact demonstrated by the recent cluster of book-length treatments of the topic (Forman 2008, McDonnell et al. 2009, Gaston 2010, Niemelä et al. 2011, Wilson 2011, Forman 2014). The natural world as a fascinating feature of towns and cities has a much longer history (e.g. Fitter 1945), and has also played a strong part in local biological conservation in some countries over the late 20th Century (Goode 2014​). Despite much existing information on urban plant and animal communities resulting from these trends, very little, easily accessible, systematic data on urban biodiversity is currently available.

Few systematic, randomised surveys at fine spatial grain exist for urban habitats, and even fewer of these surveys are in the public domain. This study was designed as a systematic florula (i.e. a small flora) of a relatively discrete urban habitat in order to provide a baseline that would enable robust insights into future environmental change. In addition, the dataset is likely to be useful for comparative studies of plant traits, particularly those of highly disturbed habitats (Williams et al. 2009​). The survey is an occupancy study of the vascular plants of pavements (i.e. sidewalks) within 16 500 x 500 m (0.25 km2) urban grid cells, stratified by quadrant at the scale of the focal city (Sheffield, England) in order to provide more even coverage. The final dataset comprises 862 records of 183 taxa.
Qu’est-ce que la vérité ? Lacan et le christianisme
Authors: Causse Jean-Daniel
Published: October 2016

Dans cet article, Jean-Daniel Causse se propose d’analyser les relations complexes entre religion et vérité au regard de l’affirmation de Lacan selon laquelle « le christianisme est la vraie religion ». Se pose ici le problème du sens, la religion postulant une adéquation de la vérité et du sens là où la psychanalyse les disjoint. On montre toutefois que Lacan est attentif au fait que le christianisme a déconstruit les structures religieuses du théisme classique – en particulier par l’idée de mort de Dieu – et a opéré en même temps la dénégation de son propre fondement. À partir de là, on peut reconsidérer les différences entre psychanalyse et religion dans le traitement des formes contemporaines du mal-être.
De la connaissance des objets physiques
Authors: Klein Étienne
Published: October 2016

La conception mécaniciste des premiers physiciens a dû céder la place à une conception nouvelle lorsqu’Einstein introduisit la théorie de la relativité, qui montrait que les représentations immédiates de la conscience (position, figures, mouvement) ne suffisaient pas à décrire le monde physique et pouvaient être trompeuses. À cette révolution dans la théorie de la connaissance sont venus s’ajouter les paradoxes de la mécanique quantique ruinant l’idée d’une description complète de la réalité physique au profit d’une connaissance probabiliste. L’évolution des théories physiques, appuyées sur les mathématiques, met en évidence la complexité des relations entre le sujet connaissant et les objets observés.
Πόλεμος et Δίκη. Une interprétation du premier chant du chœur d’ Antigone de Sophocle
Authors: Neykov Ivan
Published: October 2016

Dans l’ Introduction à la Métaphysique , Heidegger lit le premier chant du chœur d’ Antigone comme une voie poétique d’explorer la question : « Qui est l’homme ? ». L’analyse critique de la traduction et de l’interprétation de Heidegger, en comparaison avec celles de la tradition, montre la présence indéniable de violence herméneutique, dont la fonction est d’effacer la signification éthico-politique du poème, pourtant essentielle dans la confrontation d’Antigone avec Créon. L’enjeu principal devient ainsi l’occultation par Heidegger du sens véritable de la notion de justice comme thème central de la tragédie. La δ́ικη, en tant que l’ajointement résultant de la confrontation (πόλεμος), ne se réfère plus au bien et au mal. C’est parce que l’aspect ens amans de l’homme se trouve enfoui dans l’existential du souci qui constitue seul son être. Peut-il en être autrement quand le sens de l’être est compris exclusivement dans la perspective temporale ?
Cerebral Misery Perfusion on Susceptibility Weighted Imaging in Acute Carotid Dissection
Authors: Mashhood Arian , McWilliams Geoffrey , Kim Paggie , Almaguel Frankis , Jacobson J. Paul
Published: October 2016

The cerebral vasculature incorporates several fail-safes that must be breached before an irreversible ischemic event takes place. In particular, when autoregulatory vasodilatation fails secondary to falling cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP; stage I hemodynamic failure), increases in the oxygen extraction fraction work to maintain the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen. Previously, failure of this mechanism, stage II hemodynamic failure, or misery perfusion, has been imaged via positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). Current susceptibility-weighted sequences (SWI) allow for more efficient imaging of this physiology. In this case, we identify an incident of reversible ischemia caused by spontaneous carotid artery dissection using a combination of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and SWI. The level of hemodynamic failure identified by the imaging sequences elevated the urgency of neurointervention, expediting the patient's arrival to the neurointerventional table and thus avoiding impending irreversible ischemia.
Las últimas voluntades de Lope Gómez de Marzoa: un ome poderoso y muy emparentado en la cibdad de Santiago
Authors: Rubio Martínez Amparo , García-Fernández Miguel
Published: October 2016

El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en dar a conocer las últimas voluntades del regidor y notario compostelano Lope Gómez de Marzoa. Además de analizar sus disposiciones testamentarias, se estudiarán brevemente algunos de los aspectos menos conocidos de su biografía, tratando de clarificar especialmente sus orígenes familiares y su papel como hombre de negocios y miembro de las élites urbanas en la Galicia del siglo XV. Asimismo, se hará referencia a algunos de los pleitos en los que se vieron inmersos tanto él como, sobre todo, sus herederos. Finalmente, se publican los nuevos documentos que permiten reconstruir los últimos momentos y voluntades de Lope Gómez de Marzoa.

[gl] O obxectivo do presente traballo consiste en dar a coñecer as últimas vontades do rexedor e notario compostelán Lope Gómez de Marzoa. Ademais de analizar as súas disposicións testamentarias, estudaranse brevemente algún dos aspectos menos coñecidos da súa biografía, tratando de clarificar especialmente as súas orixes familiares e o seu papel como home de negocios e membro das elites urbanas na Galicia do século XV. Así mesmo, faráse referencia a algúns dos preitos nos que se viron inmersos tanto el como, sobre todo, os seus herdeiros. Finalmente, publícanse os novos documentos que permiten reconstruír os últimos momentos e vontades de Lope Gómez de Marzoa.
Intentos de renovación de algunas disciplinas experimentales en la facultad de Medicina de Santiago: los cursos de Paul Hoffmann (1923 y 1924), Amédée Guy (1928) y Eduard Reichenow (1935)
Authors: Olagüe de Ros Guillermo , Ponte Hernando Fernando J.
Published: October 2016

Los años 20 y 30 del pasado siglo fueron de renovación y cambio en la Facultad de Medicina de Santiago de Compostela, una institución tradicionalmente provinciana, equivocadamente ensalzada por la prensa local y ciertos sectores de la propia Facultad. A la renovación del profesorado, con la llegada de nuevos catedráticos muy bien formados, hay que sumar la presencia de un grupo de Profesores Auxiliares ambiciosos en el plano científico y muy dedicados a sus tareas investigadoras y docentes. La crisis vivida en Alemania tras la I Guerra Mundial fue aprovechada por la Facultad de Santiago, que supo atraerse a varios profesores alemanes y franceses para impartir cursos teórico-prácticos al objeto de cubrir sus carencias formativas en varias disciplinas básicas. Se estudian las estancias y las consecuencias de la presencia en Santiago del fisiólogo germano Paul Hoffmann (1884-1962), de Amédée Guy (1882-1957), microbiólogo francés, y del parasitólogo alemán Eduard Reichenow (1883-1960).

[gl] Os anos 20 e 30 do pasado século foron de renovación e cambio na Facultade de Medicina de Santiago de Compostela, tradicionalmente unha institución provinciana, indebidamente eloxiada pola prensa local e algúns sectores da Facultade. Á renovación do profesorado, coa chegada de novos catedráticos altamente cualificados, hai que engadir a presencia dun grupo de Profesores Auxiliares científicamente ambiciosos e moi adicados ó seu traballo de investigación e ensino. A crise vivida en Alemaña trala Primeira Guerra Mundial foi aproveitada pola Facultade de Santiago, que foi quen de atraer a varios profesores alemáns e franceses para impartir cursos teórico-prácticos, a fin de satisfacer as súas deficiencias educativas en varios cursos de disciplinas básicas. Estudánse as estancias e as consecuencias da presenza en Santiago do fisiólogo xermano Paul Hoffmann (1884-1962), de Amédée Guy (1882-1957), microbiólogo francés, e do parasitólogo alemán Eduard Reichenow (1883-1960).
Wireless Sensor Network Multi-Hop Positioning Algorithm Based on Continuous Regression
Authors: Han Weimin , Li Shijun , Li Weidong
Published: October 2016

The traditional multi-hop positioning algorithm is easily affected by the network anisotropy, thus resulting in unstable positioning performance. The wireless sensor network multi-hop positioning algorithm based on continuous regression is put forwarded in the paper to address this problem. By utilizing the continuous regression model, the mapping relationship between the hop count and Euclidean distance is constructed so as to transform the positioning process model into regression prediction. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the improved algorithm improves the positioning accuracy, and avoids the influence of the network topology anisotropy on the performance of the algorithm. The algorithm requires little expenditure and few parameters so it can be adapted to wireless sensor networks with irregular nodes distribution, and can be of great engineering application value.
Proposal of a new Maximum Lifetime Communication Model of Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Lei Jinhui , Tian Xiyan
Published: October 2016

One new maximum lifetime communication model of wireless sensor network is proposed in this thesis and the model is based on conditions of base station with multiple sources and multiple links and the data generated from the source node can be transmitted to several base stations through multiple links. In this chapter, energy limitation and data stream conservation principles of a wireless sensor network are used to establish a linear planning model, and attaining the maximum lifetime of the network is the optimal objective to establish a model with multiple restrictions restricted by energy and bandwidth. The basic element influencing the lifetime of a wireless sensor network is the data forwarding rate. The lifetime of nodes will become longer with the decrease of node data. In this thesis, the data size of network nodes is taken as sub-optimization objective and the distributed heuristic algorithm will be used to solve the linear planning model. In the end, a simulation experiment is conducted to verify yhe performance of the communication model and indicate that the proposed model can effectively increase network lifetime.
Experimental Research on Signal Recognition Algorithm of Wireless Sensor Language
Authors: Muhaxov Harhenbek , Lou Zhong , Li Wang , Samet Tolewbek , Harhenbek Aheyeh
Published: October 2016

In the past several decades, much research has been carried out on the wireless sensor network which is widely used in the fields of national defense and national economy within China. The main function of the language sensor is to transfer the voice signal into an electrical signal so as to facilitate the subsequent analysis and processing. Combined with the wireless network signal, it is widely used in banks, shopping malls, examination rooms, prisons, important places of military affairs and other places. This paper makes a detailed introduction of some theoretical knowledge of language recognition and puts forward the recognition algorithm in which the language signal is abstracted by language features. Afterwards, Matlab is used to make simulation in-depth research and classification based on Support Vector Machine. Finally, a large number of samples are collected for the experiment so as to research the effect of weighted feature value and structure of classification on speech recognition rate. The conclusion of the paper provides a basis for further subsequent theoretical study.
Research of RDF Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Network Heterogeneous Node Deployment
Authors: Mao Xiaoqun
Published: October 2016

The relation between the density of a randomly distributed wireless sensor network node and the node’s energy consumption is discussed, and the result shows that the way to extend the network lifetime is to deploy sink nodes in the field with a larger density of sensor nodes. Furthermore, the RDF algorithm a simple, effective and highly efficient strategy for deploying sink nodes, is proposed in this paper based on simulation results. The said algorithm determines the sink node location by giving reference for a large density of sensor nodes. Additionally, the sink node deployment can be efficiently achieved through dividing the region of network and the sink node communication range. Lastly, through simulation verification, the RDF algorithm deployment strategy is further proved valid and effective from the perspective of network lifetime and message delivery rate.
Research on Event-driven Data Collection Protocol of Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Yu Cunjiang
Published: October 2016

This paper carries out research on two types of event-driven data collection protocols of wireless sensor networks: EDDGP and ACBP protocols. In the EDDGP protocol, an adaptive evaluation model is put forward to select the cluster head, including the node classification, the fuzzy grade classification, the evaluation function and the parent grid resolution. Once an event of interest occurs, the member nodes will send the collected information to the cluster heads which will then integrate the data and send a request packet for data collection to the sink. After receiving the request packet, the sink will quickly move to the cluster head for collecting information. If the sink receives the request packet for data collection from other cluster heads of information source in the moving process, it will save their grid ID. The data from the other cluster heads of information source are collected in turn from the nearest ones to the farthest ones. The theoretical research and simulation results show that EDDGP can reduce the energy consumption of location updates of the sink so as to balance the energy consumption of nodes and prolong the lifetime of the network.
Study of Wireless Sensor Network Location Algorithm and Data Collection Protocol
Authors: Han Weimin , Li Shijun , Li Weidong
Published: October 2016

It is deduced that the network life time is inversely proportional to the zone area of the collection data that each sink is responsible for. That is to say, when the zone area in the charge of a sink is smaller, the average load of nodes distributed in this area and the energy consumption are smaller, while the network life time is longer. MSGP protocol is proposed, with several round cluster head candidate zones, fixed member zones and public zones being delimited to make approximately uniform clustering. The cluster head is responsible for collecting a meaningful event in the cluster, making data fusion and then forwarding it to sink. Multi-sinks move according to the zone division rules and the rule of free movement. Specific analysis is made from three aspects of data direction, single round data collection of sink, and network life time.
From Universities to Private Companies
Authors: Orduna-Malea Enrique , Font Cristina I. , Ontalba-Ruipérez José-Antonio
Published: October 2016

In publishing their education background together with the professional experience, users make LinkedIn a privileged web source for understanding “University-Industry” connections. Precisely, the main goal of this study is to test LinkedIn as a valid source for analyses oriented to the quantification of the university-industry interactions. To this end, the authors propose two different procedures (method A: direct through the URL mentions between LinkedIn profiles; and Method B: indirect through the information from LinkedIn University Pages), comparing them against the direct procedure based on URL mentions between official websites (Method C). To do this, the authors have selected the whole Spanish academic system. The results show that method A is unusable yet due to the low web connectivity between LinkedIn profiles, while method B provides reliable though too volatile data that complements method C, which reveal in turn relations of different nature.
Audiobranding and Its Importance to Your Personal Brand
Authors: Terol Raúl
Published: October 2016

In this chapter we will try to discover the importance of audio and voice as key elements in building a personal brand. Podcast, audioblogs and web tools that reference the sound will be analyzed based on their degree of influence on personal branding. By using the voice we can differentiate ourselves from our competitors, so the audio branding, or sonic branding as it is also known, shows a verbal identity of his own personality. The sound has always been known for being a great tool to convey memorable messages to consumers, in fact we are able to consume the sound since we are in the womb. Having an audio brand is one way to ensure that no other company uses a similar audio and make our brand is consistent. The radio language, consisting of voice, music, silence and the special effects are responsible for generating emotions in the receiving public. The audio conveys information, entertains consumers and in the long term, helps build a positive image that reinforces the brand values. The design of an audio brand goes beyond creating a catchy jingle or a piece of melody.
Investment Decision Making
Authors: Šević Aleksandar , Marinković Srđan
Published: October 2016

This chapter is a review of different approaches academics take to find right answers on the question how investors' community makes decisions on optimal portfolio of securities and how this process converges toward capital market equilibrium. Authors will try to reconcile the approaches that come from different intellectual traditions. The authors start with the Capital Assets Pricing Model (hereafter CAPM). For decades long the model has been a cornerstone of modern finance literature and a guide for investment decision making. The model assumes that the choice of investment portfolio is directed toward optimization between statistically defined risk and observable return of a universe of available investments, in the setting of rational and homogeneous agents where information is common knowledge. The rigidity of CAPM assumptions led to a plethora of studies where some of those assumptions are relaxed. An important breakthrough to the extant body of knowledge has been made by the introduction of the asymmetric information in the decision-making process.
Typologies as Management Tools
Authors: Theodoridis Alexandros , Ragkos Athanasios , Angelidis Panagiotis , Batzios Christos , Samathrakis Vagis
Published: October 2016

Mussel farming in Greece constitutes an important economic activity for the areas where it is concentrated. This paper presents the results of a survey of mussel producers in Thermaikos Gulf, Northern Greece, where almost 90% of the total mussel production in the country takes place. Using data from a questionnaire survey of 66 mussel producers in the area, a typology is elaborated, by means of which three types of mussel farmers are discerned. “Professionals” are the ones continuing their family tradition, “Newcomers” are those who chose mussel farming as their main occupation and recently invested in the sector and “Aged amateurs” are the oldest and least educated group, members of which plan to pass their farm to younger family members. There is strong evidence that the sampled “Newcomers” achieve considerably higher financial results, however the sample size is not adequate to generalize for all results except for the farm income. When it comes to their environmental attitudes, mussel farmers comply to bans in cases where high toxin concentrates are detected, but they are not convinced about the effectiveness of controls. They discern very clearly between the environmental and regulatory measures necessary to boost the productivity of the sector, but they seem to proclaim by far the latter type of adjustments, including the resolution of location issues. Based on the profile of each cluster and the general results of the sample proposals are made concerning the implementation of the new Common Fisheries Policy.
Rethinking Social Capital Measurement
Authors: Saglietto Laurence , David Delphine , Cezanne Cécile
Published: October 2016

Social capital is decisive to many of strategic objectives of organizations. Although it has been extensively defined in the literature, social capital continues to be discussed in particular concerning its measurement. What is the usability of the existing indicators of social capital? How do managers decide which one they would prefer? An overview of the literature reveals that there are very few measurements of social capital and those which have already developed are very complex. Direct measurements appear to provide a better understanding of the complexity of relationships than aggregated measurements. Yet, we show that they are of unsatisfactory quality. Using simple counter-examples, we advance that they give rise to contradictions. From this discussion and using Graph Theory, we propose two complementary indicators of social capital which we call “relational strength” and “relational potential”. These operational indicators can be handled by any actors to position themselves within their social sphere.
The Importance of Entrepreneurship in Global Business
Authors: Kasemsap Kijpokin
Published: October 2016

This chapter reveals the overview of entrepreneurship; entrepreneurship and innovation; the emerging trends of corporate entrepreneurship; sustainable entrepreneurship approach; entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial activity; the perspectives on entrepreneur; and the importance of entrepreneurship in global business. Entrepreneurship is a process of actions of an entrepreneur who is a person in search of something new and exploits such ideas into gainful opportunities by accepting the risk and uncertainty with the enterprise. Entrepreneurship results into the creation of organizations when entrepreneurs assemble the physical, human, and financial resources and direct them toward the achievement of objectives through managerial skills. The importance of entrepreneurship lies in the fact that it helps in identifying and developing the managerial capabilities of entrepreneurs. The chapter argues that fostering entrepreneurship has the potential to enhance organizational performance and reach strategic goals in global business.
Are Shocks to Energy Consumption per capita in Turkey Permanent or Temporary?
Authors: Yaşgül Yaşar Serhat , Güriş Burak , Tiftikçigil Burcu Yavuz
Published: October 2016

Turkey achieved an average growth rate of five percent during 2003-2013. In the same period, annual average growth rate was four percent in primary energy consumption. This indicates the significance of energy consumption for economic growth. In this context, the energy sector is one of the most important areas in Turkey's national strategy documents. Geostrategic position of Turkey in terms of energy resources affects Turkey's energy policies and strategies. In this framework, the main purpose of the study is to analyze empirically the effects of shocks in the energy sector. In this context, the permanent or temporary effects of shocks on energy use were investigated for the period 1960-2012. According to the test results, shocks had permanent effects on the energy consumption in Turkey. Permanent effects of shocks on the energy use indicate the importance of strategic energy policies for Turkey.
Young Tourists' Perceptions of Hotel Disintermediation
Authors: Del Chiappa Giacomo , Pinna Mariella , Atzeni Marcello
Published: October 2016

Generation Y has been considered to be a sizeable new market. This study, based on a sample of 1131 Italian travellers from Gen Y, investigates their views for and against disintermediation, and analyses how their choices are influenced by user generated content (UGC), rather than by information provided by high street travel agencies. The factor analysis uncovers three dimensions: “Benefits of Travel Agency”, “Benefits of Online Reservation”, and “Online Trust & Search Behaviour”. Further, a series of statistical tests indicate that demographics such as age and education have a significant influence on the respondents' perceptions. Our findings suggest that hotel managers and travel agencies should monitor Gen Y perceptions of the benefits and constraints of using the Internet, UGC and travel agencies for hotel booking. Further, accommodation providers should use online channels to create affective commitment in their young customers. Limitations of the study are discussed and suggestions for further research are given.
Prey Predator Algorithm for Travelling Salesman Problem
Authors: Tilahun Surafel Luleseged , Goshu Natnael Nigussie , Ngnotchouye Jean Medard T.
Published: October 2016

Visiting most, if not all, tourist destination of a country while visiting a country is an ideal plan of a tourist. In most cases if the tour is not carefully planned, it will be costly and time taking to travel between tourist destinations of a country. If we consider Ethiopia, a country which has been named as best tourism destination for 2015 by the European Council on Tourism and Trade (ECTT); there are many tourist destinations all over the country. The problem of determining the optimum route to visit all the tourist sites with minimum traveling time can be formulated as a travel salesman problem. In this study 17 of the famous tourist destination of Ethiopia will be selected and a travel salesman model will be formulated. Due to the NP hardness of the travel salesman problem, metaheuristic based algorithms are found to be more effective. Hence, a recently introduced swarm based metaheuristic algorithm, called prey predator algorithm will be used to deal with the formulated problem. The simulation result suggests that the best route to visit the selected destination is Addis Ababa ? Sof Omar Caves ? Bale Mountain National Park ? Abijiata-Shalla Lakes ? Netchisar National Park ? Mago National Park ? Omo National Park ? Gambella National Park ? Bahir Dar ? Lalibela ? Gonder ? Semien Mountain National Park ? Axum ? Ertale ? Yangudi Rassa National Park ? Awash National Park ? Harar ? Addis Ababa. It should be noted in some of the sites there is no direct route and hence a route through other cities is used and hence it should be recomputed in the future when a direct route between these tourist destinations is constructed.
An Approach to Improving Teaching in Higher Education
Authors: Devlin Marcia
Published: October 2016

This chapter outlines a case study of the application of the neo-positivist paradigm in the higher education research field. A small scale evaluative study of an attempt to improve teaching and learning provides the case study. The neo-positivist paradigm involves the objective investigation of an aspect of reality, providing a provisional, contemporary understanding of patterns and entities. The ways in which this paradigm informed the research design, methodology, and the interpretation of results in a small-scale evaluative study are discussed. The study represents an attempt to conduct a rigorous empirical research project that incorporated random allocation to intervention and control groups, pre- and post-intervention measures of teaching and learning and the use of psychometrically sound measurement tools and qualitative data. The ways in which the ontology, axiology and epistemology of the neo-positivist paradigm impacted on the study and its findings are outlined.
Researching the Learning and Teaching of Writing
Authors: Mackenzie Noella
Published: October 2016

In this chapter, the author reflects on a research journey and the conscious and subconscious application of paradigms to research design. The chapter is focused on research conducted in her role as research and teaching academic in the area of literacy learning and teaching. Through the retrospective analysis of a particular program of research the author concludes that it may not be necessary to articulate a paradigm in the design stages of research to be strongly guided by that paradigm. The author contends that a researcher's theoretical orientation and worldviews about how research should be enacted may be the key to paradigm “choice.” However, not all researchers have the luxury of determining how and what they will research, nor the paradigms or methods to be applied, in the world of competitive grants, commissioned research and multiple research agendas.
Becoming Comfortable with Supercomplexity
Authors: Selkrig Mark , Keamy (Ron) Kim
Published: October 2016

In this chapter the authors map various lines of flight they have taken that have informed their growing awareness of supercomplexity as a paradigm appropriate for the current epoch. Rather than concentrating on being researchers, the authors focus on how they are always becoming researchers, in between, like a rhizome. Illustrative accounts of the authors' research biographies are provided. They utilize a semi-fictional narrative, with images as a way to overlay fact-oriented research with fiction, in order to “play” with different ways of representing research. In the final section of the chapter, a number of emergent concerns, challenges and possibilities are considered in relation to working with supercomplexity. These musings offer the authors, as rhizome researchers with many conceptual tools and practices, a way to be open to new types of inquiry—a process that could be described as simultaneously knowing but not knowing.
Teoria do conforto como subsídio para o cuidado clínico de enfermagem / Comfort theory as support for a safe clinical nursing care
Authors: Mendes Raquel Silveira , Mendes Raquel Silveira , Cruz Amanda Miranda , Rodrigues Dafne Paiva , Figueiredo Juliana Vieira , Fialho Ana Virgínia De Melo
Published: October 2016

O estudo objetivou refletir sobre a teoria do conforto e seus fundamentos teórico-filosóficos como subsídio para o cuidado clínico de enfermagem ao indivíduo, família e comunidades. Kolcaba acredita que estado de conforto pressupõe ausência de preocupação, dor, sofrimento, entre outros, como causa ou efeito de desconforto. A teorista considera que os pacientes esperam receber cuidados de saúde competentes, individualizados, culturalmente sensíveis e integrais. Neste sentido, os cuidados de enfermagem devem ser direcionados não apenas para as necessidades físicas e biológicas dos indivíduos, tampouco para as necessidades expressas pelo ser cuidado em todas as suas dimensões existenciais. Consideramos que o presente estudo nos permitiu realizar uma reflexão sobre a Teoria do Conforto, que está embasada na compreensão das necessidades do outro, fazendo com que o cuidado seja realizado de forma individualizada. Por meio dessas ações de cuidado, serão gerados o conforto e o bem-estar do paciente. Para isso, faz-se necessário que os enfermeiros tenham habilidades para relacionar conceitos, práticas e o conhecimento de uma teoria, assim poderão ter um direcionamento para que se possa aplicar na prática profissional, concebendo um cuidado clínico de forma segura ao paciente.
Avaliação das disciplinas que desenvolvem o tema gestão em serviços de saúde e enfermagem/ Evaluation of subjects that develop the theme management in nursing
Authors: Andrade Luciana Dantas Farias de , Souza Sybele Oliveira de , Medeiros Heloisy Alves de , Pinto Maria Benegelania , Santos Nathanielly Cristina Carvalho de Brito , Lima Édija Anália Rodrigues
Published: October 2016

As diretrizes curriculares nacionais elucidam a formação crítica e reflexiva do exercício profissional em enfermagem, com características inovadoras sintonizadas com uma nova visão de mundo convergente com a gestão em serviços de saúde. Objetivou-se conhecer a avaliação das disciplinas que desenvolvem o tema gestão em serviços de saúde e enfermagem sob a ótica dos concluintes do curso de bacharelado em enfermagem. Pesquisa descritiva e exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa, ancorada no materialismo histórico e dialético, realizada no período de novembro a dezembro de 2013, com dez estudantes concluintes de enfermagem, em um campus de expansão de uma universidade federal. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas e analisados pela técnica de análise de discurso. Foi possível identificar quatro categorias empíricas: Várias interfaces da metodologia de ensino; Teoria versus Prática: em busca da práxis; Estágio supervisionado em enfermagem: relembrando as aulas de administração; e Qualificação para gestão: instrução formal versus mercado de trabalho. Conclui-se que se faz necessário maior aproximação com a realidade, aumento da carga horária das Disciplinas “Administração e Gestão em Serviços de Saúde e Enfermagem” e inclusão das atividades teórico-práticas em serviços de saúde; desse modo, possibilitando a práxis que a legislação preconiza.
Demanda de pacientes com diabetes mellitus em unidade de urgência de um Hospital Universitário/ Profile of patients with diabetes mellitus in the emergency unit of a University Hospital
Authors: Martins Tatiane Aparecida , Dos Santos Claudia Benedita , Santos Manoel Antônio dos , Rodrigues Flávia Fernanda Luchetti , Pedersoli Cesar Eduardo , Zanetti Maria Lucia
Published: October 2016

Este é um estudo transversal, cujo objetivo foi identificar o perfil de pacientes com diabetes mellitus em Unidade de Urgência. A amostra probabilística foi constituída por 247 pacientes de um hospital do interior paulista, Brasil, em 2009. Um formulário estruturado, contendo variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas e relacionadas às orientações de enfermagem, oferecidas na alta hospitalar, foi utilizado para obtenção dos dados nos prontuários de saúde. Para análise dos dados, foi utilizada estatística descritiva. Os resultados mostraram que os pacientes admitidos eram predominantemente do gênero feminino (53,4%), brancos (79,8%), com baixa escolaridade (76,6%) e idade entre 58 e 77 anos (50,2%); média de 62 anos e desvio-padrão de 15,3 anos. Quanto à procura pelo atendimento, os diagnósticos mais prevalentes foram: problemas cardiovasculares (22,3%) e cerebrovasculares (13%). O diabetes foi considerado motivo secundário para admissão no serviço, o primário foi relacionado apenas à queixa principal do paciente. O tempo de internação foi, em média, de quatro dias, com mediana de nove dias e desvio-padrão de 21,7. As orientações de enfermagem registradas em prontuário na alta hospitalar se restringiram aos retornos ambulatoriais. Há necessidade de melhor articulação da rede de atenção primária e hospitalar para redução da demanda evitável de pacientes com diabetes em unidade de urgência.
 Estratégias implementadas pelo enfermeiro para aprendizagem do transplantado renal em imunossupressão / Strategies implemented by nurses for learning kidney transplant immunosuppression
Authors: Castro Câmara Janaína De Jesus , Queiroz Patrícia Lima , De Sousa Santana de Maria Alves , Paiva Sirliane De Souza
Published: October 2016

Descrever a vivência da enfermagem na implementação de estratégias de aprendizagem em imunossupressão para transplantados renais. Caracteriza-se como um estudo qualitativo, descritivo, que utiliza o referencial teórico da pesquisa convergente assistencial, realizado em uma unidade de transplante renal. Para a obtenção dos dados, utilizou-se de entrevistas e oficinas temáticas. Foram desenvolvidas estratégias de aprendizagem para três oficinas com grupos de transplantados renais: pacientes sem déficit cognitivo - estratégia discursiva, com recursos visuais; pacientes com déficit cognitivo - estratégia do discurso repetitivo com recursos visuais; pacientes com déficit visual - recursos auditivos e táteis. As estratégias adotadas para os transplantados na oficina com déficit cognitivo e visual requisitaram adaptações, mas na alta hospitalar os pacientes demonstraram capacidade para o autocuidado e a apreensão dos imunossupressores. A vivência possibilitou ao enfermeiro o planejamento, a implementação e a utilização de estratégias de aprendizagem que favoreceram a emancipação do autocuidado, influenciando na adesão ao tratamento e na qualidade de vida do transplantado.
Atuação do enfermeiro no Acolhimento com Classificação de Risco: um estudo de metassíntese/ Nurse’s practice in Welcoming with Risk Classification: a meta-synthesis study
Authors: Oliveira João Lucas Campos de , Souza Verusca Soares de , Inoue Kelly Cristina , Costa Maria Antônia Ramos , Camillo Nadia Raquel Suzini , Matsuda Laura Misue
Published: October 2016

Estudo que teve como objetivo analisar, por meio de metassíntese, a atuação do enfermeiro no Acolhimento com Classificação de Risco (ACCR) em Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência (SHE). Na etapa de Revisão Sistemática da Literatura, foram selecionados 11 artigos científicos para compor a metassíntese. A análise dos dados primários possibilitou o agrupamento de dois valores-síntese: a atuação do enfermeiro na fase de implantação do ACCR em SHE e a atuação do enfermeiro na fase de operacionalização do ACCR em SHE. Foi possível reconhecer o enfermeiro como protagonista na fase de implantação do dispositivo estudado, pelo impacto que suas ações exercem para o sucesso desta etapa. Apesar de importante, a atuação desse profissional na operacionalização do ACCR não é totalmente clara porque a classificação de risco também é, por vezes, realizada por profissionais de enfermagem de nível médio e isso, diverge com o que é preconizado pelo Ministério da Saúde.
O itinerário terapêutico do paciente em tratamento oncológico: implicações para a prática de enfermagem/The therapeutic itinerary of patient in oncological treatment: implications for nursing practice
Authors: De Souza Kamila Azevedo , De Souza Sônia Regina , Tocantins Florence Romijn , De Freitas Thiago Ferreira , Pacheco Patrícia Quintans Cundines
Published: October 2016

A trajetória do cliente oncológico ainda é permeada por percalços que interferem em seu prognóstico e qualidade de vida. Assim, este estudo visa a mapear o itinerário do paciente oncológico desde o diagnóstico até o tratamento e analisar suas implicações nas ações de enfermagem para o controle do câncer. Estudo qualitativo, realizado através da técnica de história oral de dez clientes oncológicos atendidos em um hospital federal no município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Os dados foram tratados de acordo com a técnica de análise temática, além da confecção de representações do itinerário terapêutico de cada entrevistado. Foram identificados três eixos temáticos: trajetória antes do diagnóstico, trajetória do diagnóstico ao início do tratamento, e trajetória no tratamento. Percebe-se que o acesso aos serviços apresenta-se como um problema que culmina no agravamento da doença, no aparecimento de metástases e a morte do paciente, além de criar condições para a falta de adesão ao tratamento.
Gas Supply through Agarose Walls in Cell Culturing Microchips
Authors: Bunge Frank , van den Driesche Sander , Vellekoop Michael J.
Published: October 2016

We present a novel structure to supply gases to microchambers in microfluidic chips. An exemplary application is the continuous feeding of oxygen and CO2 for on-chip cell cultivation of mammalian cells. In our device, the surrounding air diffuses into the culture medium inside the chip through a porous wall of agarose hydrogel resulting in an easy and robust design.
One common method is the usage of gas permeable PDMS chips. However, liquid medium in which the cells grow is absorbed by PDMS causing unknown concentrations and memory effects. Another possibility is a complex setup where medium with already dissolved gas is pumped constantly through the chip.
We designed and realized a silicon and borosilicate glass chip containing a gas permeable wall of agarose preventing leakage of medium. In order to precisely position the walls in the chip, we made use of surficial phaseguides (50nm high).
The blue-bottle-experiment makes the effective dissipation of oxygen visible when the colorless leucomethylen-blue reacts to methylene-blue. Successful results were achieved when applying 0.5 g/l methylene blue, 10 g/l glucose and a pH of 12.6 set by a buffer solution. As a result a continuous color gradient through the chip was obtained, which reflects the oxygen gradient and confirms the oxygen diffusion.