bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the development and expression of BMP 15 and GDF 9 genes in sheep oocytes resulting from in vitro maturation and post-vitrification
Authors: Widjiati Widjiati , Prastowo Sigit , Widyastuti Rini , Hendawan Viski Fitri , Kurniawati Devia Yoanita
Published: February 2025

The livestock sector plays a crucial role in food security; nevertheless, illnesses affecting cattle can result in genetic depletion and diminished output. This study sought to assess the expression of BMP-15 and GDF-9 genes in sheep oocytes undergoing in vitro maturation (IVM) and vitrification. Oocytes were extracted from ovine ovaries, developed in vitro, and subsequently vitrified. DNA was collected and measured, and subsequently subjected to qPCR analysis for BMP-15 and GDF-9 gene expression. The results demonstrated that DNA content in vitrified oocytes was considerably lower than that in non-vitrified controls, with higher Ct values reflecting decreased gene expression. The vitrification procedure probably induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, compromising DNA integrity and disrupting essential signaling pathways, hence diminishing BMP-15 and GDF-9 expression levels. The findings indicate that vitrification reduces gene expression associated with oocyte maturation, underscoring the necessity for enhanced vitrification techniques to maintain genetic potential in cattle reproduction. This study corresponds with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), namely SDG 2 (Zero Hunger) and SDG 15 (Life on Land), by focusing on the necessity for novel reproductive methods to conserve cattle genetic resources. Enhancing vitrification techniques enables the preservation of genetic material essential for future breeding and resilience, thus promoting sustainable agricultural practices and contributing to long-term food security and biodiversity conservation.
Pattern of endodontic instrument separation and factors affecting its retrieval: a 10-year retrospective observational study in a postgraduate institute
Authors: Natanasabapathy Velmurugan , Varghese Aswathi , Karthikeyan Paul Kevin Abishek , Narasimhan Srinivasan
Published: February 2025

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the pattern of endodontic instrument separation, their retrievability, and factors affecting its retrieval, in a postgraduate institute.Methods: Cases referred for the management of separated endodontic instruments (SEI) from 2013 to 2023 were considered for this study. Data related to demographics, tooth type, file type, and retrieval were documented in an Excel sheet. Eight prognostic factors assumed to influence the retrieval were analyzed in this study. The secondary aim was to compare the pattern of SEI and retrievability between conventional nickel-titanium files and newer generation heat-treated nickel-titanium files. Retrieval was attempted by a senior endodontist under the dental operating microscope. Various ultrasonic tips and a Broken Tool Removal loop system were used during retrieval. Simple descriptive statistics were performed. Binomial logistic regression was done to identify the effect of the eight prognostic factors on the retrieval outcome.Results: A total of 190 SEI was reported. SEI occurred more often in posterior teeth than anterior teeth, mandibular arch than maxillary arch, and in larger files than smaller files. Separation occurred more often in the apical third compared to the other levels. Retrieval was attempted in 88 cases and successful in 70 cases (79.5%). The larger taper and apical position of the SEI negatively influenced the retrieval by 1.4 and 8.7 times, respectively.Conclusions: Retrieval of SEI was successful in the majority of the cases. An increase in taper and apically placed SEI negatively impacted the retrieval. There was no difference in the pattern of separation nor retrievability between conventional nickel-titanium files and newer generation heat-treated nickel-titanium files.
Defoliation and inoculation with Bacillus aryabhattai on maize development and productivity in Triangulo Mineiro
Authors: Mascarenhas Saulo Naves Araújo do Prado , Pinto Bruno Rodrigues Costa , Santos Júlio César Neves dos , Penha Henrique Gualberto Vilela , Pereira Igor Souza
Published: February 2025

Maize is a globally significant cereal, with Brazil standing out as one of the leading producers and exporters. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of Bacillus aryabhattai in maize cultivation under different stress levels. The experiment was conducted at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Triangulo Mineiro – Campus Uberlandia. It used a randomized block design with treatments in a 3x2 factorial scheme (three different levels of leaf removal and the presence or absence of Bacillus aryabhattai applied as a soil-drench). Agronomic traits evaluated included ear length (EL), ear diameter (ED), thousand-grain weight (TGW), and productivity (PROD) at harvest. Results showed statistical significance only for thousand-grain weight (TGW), with leaf removal affecting this trait. Leaf removal reduced TGW, with the no-leaf-removal treatment (D3) showing the highest average. No significant differences were observed in the interaction between leaf removal and Bacillus aryabhattai for TGW or other agronomic traits. The coefficient of variation was low for EL, ED, and TGW, indicating good experimental precision. Water deficit during the productive phase negatively impacted crop characteristics. Inoculation, under the studied conditions, did not show a significant effect on mitigating the impacts of leaf removal or promoting plant growth.
Promoção da saúde de cuidadoras informais idosas na perspectiva de Nola Pender
Authors: Brito Cleidiane Maria Sales de , Figueiredo Maria do Livramento Fortes , Tyrrell Maria Antonieta Rubio , Silva Rutielle Ferreira , Brito Neto David Clarindo de , Oliveira Clarisse Maria de Brito , Farias Daniel Rodrigues de , Sá Rossana Oliveira Amorim de , Câmara Joseneide Teixeira
Published: February 2025

O envelhecimento populacional vem acompanhado de fragilidades e dependências que exigem a necessidade de cuidadores, em sua maioria do sexo feminino, de meia idade e idosas, evidenciando a feminização da responsabilidade do cuidado da pessoa idosa no domicílio. Avaliar a adoção dos comportamentos promotores de saúde das cuidadoras informais idosas de pessoas idosas dependentes, mediante a implementação do Plano de Ação embasado no Modelo de Promoção da Saúde de Nola Pender. Pesquisa qualitativa realizada com 22 cuidadoras informais de pessoas idosas dependentes, remotamente, em quatro encontros: pré-intervenção; aconselhamento comportamental; elaboração do plano de ação; e pós-intervenção. Os dados foram processados pelo software IRAMUTEQ e analisados pelo método da Classificação Hierárquica Descendente. No corpus pré-intervenção emergiram 4 classes: Relações de apoio social e afetiva; Cuidados com o psicológico e com a espiritualidade; Cuidados gerais para promover a saúde; e Práticas alimentares adotadas para promoção da saúde. No pós-intervenção emergiram 6 classes: Alimentação balanceada adotada para promoção da saúde; Ajuste nos hábitos alimentares; Atividades de bem-estar social e cotidiano; Cuidados com o corpo; Relação familiar e de amizade; e Práticas gerais adotadas para promoção da saúde. A implementação do plano de ação evidenciou que as cuidadoras informais intensificaram a ingesta e a regularidade no consumo de frutas, legumes, verduras e água, as atividades de lazer, religiosas e de interação social.
Assessment of chemical profile and antioxidant potential in aqueous extracts of different anatomical parts of Arrabidaea chica (Bignoniaceae) from Tabatinga, AM
Authors: Moreira João de Brito , Santiago Sarah Raquel Silveira da Silva , Santiago Paulo Alexandre Lima
Published: February 2025

Arrabidaea chica, commonly known as "pariri," "cipó-pau," or "crajiru," is renowned for its medicinal properties, including its use in treating ailments such as uterine and ovarian inflammation, syphilis, leukemia, conjunctivitis, diarrhea, and psoriasis, among others. Despite its extensive application in traditional medicine, its pharmacological potential remains underexplored, with fewer than 50 studies conducted in the past decade and only four focused on the Amazon region. This study aimed to analyze the chemical profile and evaluate the antioxidant potential of aqueous extracts from different anatomical parts of A. chica collected in Tabatinga, Amazonas. The collected material underwent exsiccate preparation and extract extraction. Exsiccate were deposited in the Didactic Herbarium UEA/CESTB, while extracts were analyzed for antioxidant activity and mass spectrometry. Extracts from stems, roots, and leaves demonstrated antioxidant potential, with the highest activity observed in the leaves (88%). Mass spectrometry identified six flavonoids: Vicenin II, Scutellarein-O-glucuronide, 6-Hydroxyluteolin-O-glucuronide, 6-Methoxyluteolin-O-glucuronide, Scutellarein-(6''-O-caffeoyl)-glucopyranoside, and Carajurin. These results underscore the significant pharmacological potential of A. chica, particularly its antioxidant activity. The identification of bioactive compounds, primarily flavonoids, highlights the plant's promise for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications, establishing A. chica as a valuable resource for future research and biotechnological innovations.
Pharmacotherapeutic follow-up of opioid treated chronic pain patients within the Brazilian Unified Health System
Authors: Dias Danielle , Pereira Eduardo Manoel , Lima Daniela Delwing de
Published: February 2025

Chronic pain remains challenging, as complete pain control is poorly achieved with pharmacological and non-pharmacological intervention. Opioid analgesics are prescribed to minimize chronic pain; however, in addition to little evidence of long-term effectiveness, critical adverse effects such as dependence, tolerance, respiratory depression and others may arise. This study involved the pharmacotherapeutic monitoring of 31 patients undergoing chronic pain treatment with opioids during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Three monthly pharmaceutical consultations were held for three months for medication review and guidance on their rational and safe use. Patients aged 41-60 years, treated chronic pain due to trauma or rheumatic diseases and presented a medium time of opioid treatment of approximately eight years, and 80,4% also used other analgesics. However, only 19,3% achieved complete pain relief. The most frequent comorbidities were depression (44,0%), systemic arterial hypertension (36,0%), insomnia (32,0%) and the main adverse effects included drowsiness (61,3%), concentration impairment (48,3%), nausea (45,1%), abdominal pain (48,3%) and constipation (41,9%). Pharmacotherapeutic monitoring increased the number of patients who achieved complete pain relief (19,3% to 32,3%) and reduced opioid dose (71,0% to 58,1%) from the first to the third consultation, contributing to improved opioid efficacy and safety.
Conexões perigosas: comunistas, dominicanos e o estado civil - militar através da imprensa escrita brasileira entre as décadas de 1950 – 1970
Authors: Silva José Roberto da , Vasconcelos Sérgio Sezino Douets , Medeiros Aline Carla de , Maracajá Patrício Borges
Published: February 2025

A década de 1950 foi marcada pelo processo de intensificação das zonas de influencias que dividiria o mundo entre Estados Unidos da América e União Soviética. Diante desse contexto político, a Igreja Católica tratou de deixar claro sua posição optando por divulgar a forma de vida norte americana, mas tecendo sutis críticas ao capitalismo. Através do jornal A Ordem alguns textos inflamados contra o comunismo de Stalin, Tito e Fidel conclamava a todos os cristãos não se deixarem seduzir pela “filosofia bolchevique” que em nada acrescentariam a vida dos pobres. Na década de 1960, as críticas a Fidel Castro e a possibilidade de o Brasil adotar a política Cubana levou alguns setores da Igreja Católica a apoiar o Golpe Civil – Militar de 1964 na esperança do Estado Militar moralizar o Brasil. Os meses foram passando, e logo se transformaram-se em anos e nada dos menos favorecidos apresentaram uma qualidade de vida. No crepúsculo da década de 1960, as notícias de torturas e violência urbana ocupava os grandes jornais da época definindo uma outra postura da Igreja Católica em relação aos militares, a saber: era tempo de romper com antigas alianças e fazer novas amizades em nome da democracia. Assim alguns grupos católicos, entre eles os dominicanos, passaram a manter conexões perigosas com grupos comunistas, entre eles a ANL, dando visibilidade em jornais a imagem de atores sociais como: Marighela, Frei Tito, Frei Bento, padre Henrique Pereira Neto, entre outros, que traçaram estratégias corajosas para minar as ações militares.
Gamificação no ensino da matemática: uma abordagem prática com o jogo “caça ao tesouro”
Authors: Pinho Kelsen Rian Araujo , Vasconcelos Jerry Gleison Salgueiro Fidanza
Published: February 2025

Contextualiza-se a crise do ensino tradicional e a necessidade de metodologias ativas para aumentar o engajamento dos alunos. A metodologia da pesquisa envolveu a aplicação do jogo e a análise das percepções dos alunos, comparando seu desempenho antes e depois da atividade gamificada. Os dados foram coletados por meio de observação e questionários. Na análise e discussão dos resultados, os estudantes relataram maior engajamento e colaboração durante a atividade, além de reconhecerem conceitos geométricos de forma prática. A comparação com um teste tradicional evidenciou melhor desempenho e maior participação na metodologia gamificada. Os resultados reforçam a eficácia da gamificação como ferramenta pedagógica para o ensino de matemática, promovendo um aprendizado mais interativo e significativo. É possível destacar a gamificação como estratégia eficaz para tornar o aprendizado mais dinâmico e significativo.
Formal Integration and Star-Song Attractions in the Cavalcade Musical: A Historical and Digital Analysis of MGM's An American in Paris (1951)
Authors: Marshall Elsa
Published: February 2025

Guided by oral histories and archival research, this paper identifies techniques of narrative and cinematic integration of musical numbers in the 1951 MGM cavalcade musical An American in Paris. It investigates how filmmakers discussed honoring composer George Gershwin, grounding musical numbers in the film's plot and style, and selecting attractions such as star personalities and talents. It then questions what these considerations entailed in three star-song attractions, using the digital audiovisual annotation software ELAN to compare how varying combinations of music, cinematography, dialogue, and other multimodal elements play with aspects of continuity and highlight facets of the film's attractions and narrative.

Figures and video clips for this article available here:https://files.press.uillinois.edu/journals/supplemental/mmi/an_american_in_paris/
“Do You Hear the People Sing?”: Live Singing in Tom Hooper's Les Misérables
Authors: Peraro Daniele
Published: February 2025

This article explores the aesthetic possibilities offered by onset live singing in the film musical Les Misérables by Tom Hooper. I analyze how this directorial choice gives freedom of expression to performers by reconfiguring the relationship between music and image, changing how audiences perceive songs in film musicals.
The synthesis and application of the catenane
Authors: Li Suzhou
Published: February 2025

Over the past six decades, research on catenanes and application of catenanes have become more and more mature. Catenane is a mechanically interlocking molecule containing two or more interlocking macrocyclic molecules. The interlocking rings cannot be separated unless the covalent bonds within the ring molecules are broken. This review will introduce the definition of the catenane and a brief history of its research, the two common synthetic mechanisms: self-assembly and template synthesis. The supramolecular principles underlying the different templates are introduced like π-π stacking, Hydrophobic interaction, hydrogen bond, coordination bond and the results of the experiments are presented. The differences between the two mechanisms as well as the different templates are analyzed through data, and finally the main applications of catenanes  related to molecular machines are presented .Therefore, through this review, I hope that readers will learn about an interesting and fascinating molecule, and its promising future research and development space.
Gemini Surfactants and Their Role in Enhancing Industrial and Environmental Applications
Authors: Guo Xikai
Published: February 2025

Gemini surfactants have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their unique molecular structure and low critical micelle concentration (CMC), which confer superior surface activity and multifunctional properties. These surfactants have found broad applications in industries such as oil extraction, pharmaceuticals, nanotechnology, and daily chemical products, driven by their biodegradability, low toxicity, and environmental compatibility. This review explores the structure, synthesis methods, and key properties of Gemini surfactants, highlighting their advantages in reducing surface tension, enhancing micelle formation, and improving antibacterial and emulsifying effects. Additionally, it discusses their application in fields like oil recovery, drug delivery, and material synthesis, as well as their role in flotation processes and leather treatment. While Gemini surfactants offer numerous benefits, challenges such as high production costs and purification difficulties limit their broader market adoption. Looking ahead, advancements in synthesis technology and environmentally sustainable designs are expected to drive further development and industrial application of these surfactants, contributing to greener and more efficient production processes across diverse sectors.
The Applications of Low melting point metals in semiconductor materials
Authors: Liu Chang , Wang Chongquan
Published: February 2025

This summary furnishes an elaborate analysis of the integration of LMP metals with semiconductor materials. To commence, the article delineates the selection criteria, which incorporate the physical and chemical traits of low-melting-point metals, their thermal stability and fluidity across diverse temperature intervals. These components are indispensable for guaranteeing the most favorable contact and adhesion between the metal and the semiconductor. Subsequently, a meticulous examination is carried out on the interactions between low-melting-point metals and semiconductors, covering not only physical couplings but also chemical reactions and alterations in interface properties. Moreover, this summary briefly expounds on how LMP metal-embedded semiconductor materials can be utilized in solar cells. This portion focuses on how such composite architectures can enhance photoelectric conversion efficiency while accentuating their manufacturing benefits. Finally, it emphasizes potential applications and future prospects for this composite material within the domains of microelectronics and energy storage.
Improved Interface Engineering of Organic Photovoltaic Cells: Strategies for Enhancing Charge Separation and Transport Efficiency
Authors: Li Shuaibo
Published: February 2025

This article investigates various strategies aimed at enhancing the efficiency of charge separation and transportation in organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells, with a specific emphasis on interface engineering. One of the primary challenges faced by OPVs is the restricted carrier mobility and high exciton binding energy, which can hinder effective charge separation and transportation. To tackle these challenges, this article highlights several optimization techniques including adjusting energy levels at electrode-organic material interfaces, employing surface passivation to minimize defects, and incorporating nanostructures to increase interfacial area for more efficient charge transport. Furthermore, it discusses the selection of materials for electron and hole transport layers, emphasizing novel materials and doping methods that enhance both energy conversion efficiency and device stability. The integration of nanomaterials is also examined as a means to manipulate interfacial morphology, leading to significant enhancements in charge separation, transportation, and overall photovoltaic performance - all contributing towards advancing OPV technologies.
Multiple Machine Learning Algorithms-based Credit Card Fraud Detection
Authors: Yeung Manho
Published: February 2025

In recent decades, the rise of E-commerce has made credit cards a popular choice for transactions due to their convenience. However, this has also led to an increase in credit card fraud, posing a significant financial threat. To tackle this issue, this study investigates the use of machine learning models for credit card fraud detection. The research explores three models: Gradient Boosting, Decision Trees, and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), assessing their performance using metrics like Area under the Precision-Recall Curve (AUPRC), precision, recall, and F1-score. The study employs the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) algorithm to address the dataset's class imbalance, creating a balanced training dataset. Among the models, Gradient Boosting achieves the highest AUPRC of 0.81, indicating its effectiveness in general scenarios. However, its precision in detecting fraudulent transactions remains a challenge. The Decision Tree model provides a balanced performance with an AUPRC of 0.59, while KNN stands out with a higher precision for fraudulent transactions, achieving an AUPRC of 0.77. These findings highlight the need for continuous improvement in fraud detection techniques, suggesting that hybrid models or ensemble approaches could enhance detection capabilities by leveraging the strengths of different models.
A recent review of ultrasound applications on juice
Authors: Liu Yini
Published: February 2025

Ultrasound has been introduced in processing value-added food as a novel technology for years to serve multiple purposes including emulsification, drying, crystallization, and so on. It can be employed in a variety of foods like juice, dairy, lipids, meat, eggs, and so on. This literature review aims to summarize the recent research progress on ultrasound application in juice processing. It provides basic ultrasonication mechanisms, changes in juice physicochemical properties (including the general juice attributes, rheology behavior, and aroma profile), sonication-induced microorganism inactivation, and employing sonication combined with other technologies. Furthermore, introduces the concept of hurdle technology and its effectiveness when dealing with juice production.
Agricultural waste biomass resource utilization and its application in environmental remediation
Authors: Dang Ziyan
Published: February 2025

With the increasing demand for energy, human beings need to find new renewable energy sources to promote human survival and development. The rational application of agricultural waste biomass is of great significance to reducing resource waste and improving environmental problems. This paper discusses the resource utilization of agricultural waste biomass and its application in environmental remediation. Agricultural waste biomass, such as crop straw and livestock manure, can be converted into efficient energy or biochar after resource treatment. This biochar has an excellent performance in soil remediation and wastewater treatment because of its high adsorption capacity. The preparation methods of biochar are diverse, including pyrolysis, hydrothermal carbonization, etc., and its properties can be further enhanced through physical and chemical modification. However, there are still some problems, such as low biomass utilization efficiency and unclear long-term impact on the environment. In the future, efficient biochar preparation and modification technology should be further developed to realize its wide application in environmental remediation.
Development and Application of the Nanoemulsions in Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Jin Tiancheng
Published: February 2025

Nanoparticle drug delivery systems (NDDS) have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional drug delivery methods, offering significant improvements in drug bioavailability, targeting, and reduced toxicity. Among these, nanoemulsions (NE) have shown considerable potential across various therapeutic applications, addressing the limitations of conventional drug delivery systems. This review explores the preparation methods, characterization techniques, and advantages of nanoemulsions in drug delivery. Key preparation methods, including ultrasonic emulsification, high-pressure homogenization, and spontaneous emulsification, are discussed in terms of their advantages and challenges. The review also examines critical characterization parameters, such as droplet size, viscosity, stability, and polydispersity, which influence the effectiveness of nanoemulsions in therapeutic applications. central nanoemulsions in nasal-cerebral delivery for central nervous system tumors, intravenous delivery for gout treatment, and topical applications for urticaria are highlighted, demonstrating their ability to enhance drug efficacy, targeting, and patient outcomes. Despite the promising benefits, nanoemulsions face challenges in large-scale production, stability, and regulatory approval. Future research must address these issues to optimize nanoemulsion preparation and application for broader clinical use.
A Hybrid Model for Image Aesthetic Assessment Integrating Theme Prediction and ViT-based Composition Analysis
Authors: Xiang Biao
Published: February 2025

This paper proposes a novel hybrid model for Image Aesthetic Assessment (IAA), which integrates theme prediction and Vision Transformer (ViT)-based composition analysis. Unlike traditional deep learning methods that rely solely on aesthetic scores for training, this approach combines semantic and photographic themes with the spatial relationships of visual elements. By leveraging theme labels and compositional relationships, the model captures aesthetic qualities from a more human-centric perspective. The model comprises three modules: a pre-trained Theme Understanding Network (TUN) to extract semantic and photographic theme features, a ViT module to analyze the spatial dependencies of visual elements, and a scoring module to concatenate features from the previous modules and then generate the prediction of images’ aesthetic score. This integration enhances interpretability by providing attention heat maps and detailed theme and semantic labels, facilitating a deeper exploration of human aesthetic intelligence. The Theme and Composition-aware IAA (TC-IAA) model achieves a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.47 on the Aesthetic Visual Analysis (AVA) dataset, demonstrating its effectiveness. Its practical implications extend to iamges aesthetic recommendation, photo-editing, and targeted image advertising, highlighting its potential impact on real-world applications.
Advancements in Flexible Electrode Implantation for Invasive Brain-Computer Interfaces
Authors: Hou Zhichao
Published: February 2025

In recent years, with the development of flexible electronic devices and advances in material science, flexible electrodes have played an important role in the field of invasive brain-computer interface (BCI). Compared with traditional rigid electrodes, flexible electrodes implanted in the brain cause less damage to brain tissue and are more biocompatible and stable. Most of the traditional invasive electrodes are made of glass or metal, which are prone to brain tissue damage, inflammation, and other problems, although they can avoid interference from the skull and skin and record neural signals accurately and with low noise. However, the main materials for flexible electrodes are polymers, hydrogels, graphene, etc., which can reduce immune rejection and prolong the service life of neural implants. This paper describes five main implantation methods for flexible electrodes in recent years: microneedle arrays, coiled implantation, minimally invasive injections, biodegradable electrodes, and stretchable electronics implantation. They can be used in the most appropriate way for electrodes of different structures to acquire neural signals with stable and reliable fidelity. Flexible electrodes have the potential for a wide range of applications in neuromonitoring providing a safer and more durable solution for invasive brain-computer interfaces. Then the authors will propose a new idea combining their respective advantages in the hope of bringing enlightenment.
Advances in Stimuli-Responsive Liposomes for Antitumour Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Zhu Chen
Published: February 2025

Cancer, a disease caused by the abnormal proliferation and spread of cells, is responsible for nearly 10 million deaths in 2020, accounting for 1/6 of all deaths worldwide. The pathogenesis of cancer is complex and is usually triggered by a combination of genetic mutations, environmental factors and lifestyle. Current treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are effective but have significant side effects such as fatigue, infection and pain. As a drug delivery system, liposomes have the advantages of drug protection, delayed release, and targeted therapy, which can effectively reduce the toxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs. Liposome-encapsulated anticancer drugs, such as Doxil, DaunoXome, and Onivyde, have demonstrated promising efficacy in the treatment of a variety of cancers, such as breast and ovarian cancers, by prolonging the duration of action of the drugs and reducing side effects. By virtue of their unique structure and function, liposomes have improved the targeting and stability of cancer drugs and provided a new direction for anticancer therapy. Therefore, we have further explored the research progress of liposomes by investigating their properties, synthesis methods, classification and use in cancer therapy.
Preparation of High Internal Phase Emulsions (HIPEs) and Their Applications in the Daily Chemical Industry
Authors: Gao Zihan , Shen Zhiqiu
Published: February 2025

High internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) are a special type of emulsion system with a high dispersed phase volume fraction. Due to their unique structure and properties, they have gained widespread attention in fields such as personal care, food, and pharmaceuticals. In recent years, with the increasing demand for efficient and eco-friendly products, the research and application of HIPEs have become a focal point. This paper reviews the preparation processes, stability factors, and performance testing methods of HIPEs, discussing in detail the effects of emulsifier selection, dispersed phase volume fraction, stirring speed, and temperature control on the stability of the emulsions. To address the challenges encountered during preparation, this paper proposes innovative strategies such as the introduction of nanoparticles, composite emulsifier systems, and interface modification to enhance emulsion stability. Finally, the paper looks into the future development directions of HIPE technology, particularly its potential applications in green chemistry and sustainability. By summarizing current research findings, this paper provides a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for the further development of HIPEs.
Research Progress on Delivery of Flavonoids by Nanocrystal Delivery Technology
Authors: Chen Youjia
Published: February 2025

Flavonoids are a kind of natural component widely used in plants. They have significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and cardiovascular protective effects. Flavonoids can effectively remove free radicals, resist lipid peroxidation, improve antioxidant levels in the body, significantly reduce serum triglyceride content in animals and humans, and increase HDL cholesterol content. In addition, flavonoids also have the potential to prevent and cure cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, which can effectively expand coronary blood vessels, increase coronary flow, improve myocardial ischemia, reduce platelet aggregation and inhibit coagulation and thrombosis. However, the clinical application of flavonoids is limited by their low bioavailability and poor pharmacokinetics. To address this issue, recent research has focused on using nanocarrier technology to improve the stability and bioavailability of flavonoids to achieve targeted delivery and reduce toxicity and adverse reactions. In this paper, the research status of antioxidant activity of the flavonoids and the progress of nano delivery system are reviewed, which provides a new idea for the further development of flavonoids.
Research Progress of Nanodelivery Systems for Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Zhang Zongfan
Published: February 2025

Pancreatic cancer is characterised by its aggressive nature and poor prognosis, mainly due to its complex biology. The tumour microenvironment plays an important role and is composed of different cellular components that enable tumour growth and metastasis. Cellular heterogeneity further complicates treatment, as different cell populations within the tumour behave and respond differently to treatment. Against this background, nano-delivery systems such as liposomes, micelles and exosomes have emerged as promising strategies to improve drug delivery and efficacy. These systems can improve bioavailability and targeting and overcome some of the limitations of conventional therapies. However, challenges remain in optimising drug delivery mechanisms, ensuring biocompatibility and managing the complexity of the tumour microenvironment. Future research should focus on overcoming these obstacles in order to realise the full potential of nanotransduction systems in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Il tempo dei consoli. Alcune riflessioni sull’inizio dell’anno consolare in età mediorepubblicana
Authors:   Università degli Studi di Milano, Bellomo Michele
Published: February 2025

Il testo prende in esame le variazioni cui andò incontro la data d’inizio ufficiale dell’anno consolare in età mediorepubblicana. Le fonti sono chiare nell’affermare che a partire dal 153 a.C. i consoli entrarono in carica il 1° gennaio, mentre sul periodo precedente sussistono forti dubbi. In particolare, se possiamo essere abbastanza certi sul fatto che nel 329 i consoli entrassero in carica il 1° luglio, per il secolo successivo sembra che venissero introdotte due variazioni: una che fissò l’inizio della magistratura in epoca autunnale, l’altra che l’anticipò alla stagione primaverile. Attraverso un confronto incrociato tra le fonti letterarie (in particolare Livio) e i dati trasmessi dai Fasti trionfali, si propongono qui alcune riflessioni per identificare i momenti in cui avvennero tali spostamenti, e le ragioni (eminentemente politiche) ad essi sottese.
Calendari e spazio civico: caratteri e significati dell’esposizione pubblica dei Fasti. Il caso marchigiano.
Authors:   Università degli Studi di Macerata, Antolini Simona
Published: February 2025

Partendo da alcune novità sul luogo di ritrovamento dei frammenti del calendario di Cupra Maritima, il contributo riflette sui luoghi dell’esposizione pubblica dei due documenti epigrafici che nelle città romane regolavano la misurazione del tempo: i Fasti (il tempo della vita cittadina) e i Fasti consulares (il tempo della storia). Risulta pienamente confermata l’ipotesi di un’esposizione congiunta dei due documenti, in obbedienza a una precisa volontà politica di adesione al potere centrale.
Costellazioni sfuggenti. Ad Ov. Fasti V, 493-598
Authors:   Università degli Studi di Milano, Romani Silvia
Published: February 2025

Il libro V dei Fasti ovidiani ospita anche un cameo (493-598) al cui interno si colloca un’allusione alla costellazione di Orione (493-494): la modalità atipica con cui il poeta vi fa riferimento, un unicum all’interno dell’opera, autorizza e richiede una riflessione complessiva sulle ragioni di questa apparente anomalia. Questo contributo si prefigge di collocare il passo in esame in un più ampio contesto (in particolare mettendo in relazione il libro V con il libro III) e di proporre alcune piste analitiche e una lettura originale delle ragioni per le quali il poeta abbia scelto di introdurre la costellazione di Orione e di dar conto, almeno parzialmente, del suo catasterismo.
An examination of prolonged sitting ergonomic challenges in digital learning using TOPSIS and machine learning
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Applied Sciences, Mathematics, KIET Group of institutions, Delhi NCR, Modinagar , Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201206, India, Hemant Hemant ,   Research  Development Cell, Poornima University, Jaipur (Rajasthan), India,   Associate Professor  Associate Dean (Research) , Poornima University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India,   Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Vignan Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad, India,   Associate Professor, Department of Mathematics, Aditya University, Surampalem, AP, India, Upadhyay Hemant K. , Mamodiya Udit , Gantla Harish Reddy , Satish P.
Published: February 2025

The objective of the presented work is the examination of ergonomic challenges of prolonged sitting in digital learning using an instrumental multi-criteria decision-making technique named 'TOPSIS' (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution). A total of sixteen ergonomic challenges of prolonged sitting in digital learning have been identified by a group dialogue with laptop, tablet, smartphone users, academicians, and students. The study compares equal weight ages and variable weight ages, finding that eye strain, neck pain, and mental tiredness are the most close to ideal solutions, while leg pain is the least. Linear Reggression, a machine learning approach, is the best-performing model, with Neural Network and SVM showing marginal improvement. The outcomes of the experiment demonstrate that the suggested model functions well in terms of accuracy, and techniques have been used to raise the diagnostic rate and solve the issue. The outcomes can be very helpful in finding and applying measures to deal with ergonomic challenges of prolonged sitting in digital learning. Policymakers may use the output of this study regarding the relative importance and productivity influencing tendency of these chosen sixteen ergonomic challenges, for creating mechanisms for the betterment of human-computer interface.
Blockchain in Finance: Enhancing Transparency and Security in Cross-Border Transactions
Authors: Zhou Lushan
Published: February 2025

Blockchain technology transforms banking by solving issues in international money transfers. The decentralized blockchain system prevents tampering and removes intermediaries to speed up transactions and lower costs while protecting data integrity. Our investigation focuses on how blockchain prevents financial fraud while allowing users to see transaction data in real-time and making international financial systems work better. This research analyzes how blockchain works in financial transactions and shows its effects on payment times, cost savings, and protection against fraud through data studies. Despite demonstrating powerful disruption blockchain struggles with processing delays and lacks defined standards while integrating technology proves challenging. This research explores why organizations find it difficult to use blockchain technology and suggests methods that can help to use blockchain effectively in daily operations. This research examines how blockchain technology affects global finance operations and shows its benefits for international payments while explaining its potential to transform worldwide financial systems.
História e linguagem: o tema da imigração nas páginas do jornal O Estado (1936-1938)
Authors: Santana Márcio Santos de , Evangelista Higor Jardim
Published: February 2025

Esta pesquisa analisa de que maneira o tema da imigração foi representado nas páginas do jornal O Estado, publicado entre outubro de 1936 e fevereiro de 1938. Nosso objetivo principal é responder ao problema que norteia esta investigação: o tema da imigração foi representado de forma homogênea nesse periódico? Nossa hipótese de trabalho é a de que alguma variação exista. Verificar-se-á, nas páginas seguintes, se essa hipótese é procedente ou não. A metodologia de pesquisa adota uma abordagem qualitativa, que toma como procedimento técnico a combinação entre a pesquisa documental e bibliográfica. Em relação o objetivo do estudo ele tem um caráter descritivo e explicativo; finalmente, as bases lógicas da investigação são norteadas pelo raciocínio hipotético-dedutivo. Tendo criado um projeto para unificar a cultura nacional, o governo Vargas estabeleceu forte controle sobre os meios de comunicação e os utilizava para disseminar os valores culturais de interesse do regime. Entretanto, apareceu um obstáculo à sua concretização, pois a constante chegada de imigrantes no país dificultava a consolidação da homogeneização racial e cultural do Brasil. Isso porque os imigrantes recém-chegados traziam com eles não apenas a sua força de trabalho, mas também a cultura de seu país de origem.
Morphological Characterization of Yardlong Bean for Pod Borer Infestation
Authors: Sultana Nasrin , Das Krishna , Masum Md , Ahmad Masum
Published: February 2025

In order to assess the resistance of several yardlong bean types to pod borer attacks, an experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University, located in Mymensingh, Bangladesh, from September 2022 to April 2023. The study included nine different varieties. The study included nine different varieties. The experiment was arranged with five replications using a completely randomized design (CRD). Among the various yardlong bean varieties utilized in this study, BARI Borboti-2 produced the highest yield of 98.57g per plant. A comparison of the BARI Borboti-2 variety's dry seed output and other characteristics showed that it had the highest total number of pods per plant (8.40), the lowest infestation rate (13%), and the maximum quantity of dry seeds (15g). In most cases, the Lubna variety had the worst performance. The majority of the types had the second lowest infection rate. According to the current investigation, BARI Borboti-2 showed the best performance. The local variety BARI Borboti-2 demonstrated better overall performance in terms of yardlong bean morphology during the cultivation period, with fewer pod borer infestations, according to the study. Out of the nine cultivars studied, BARI Borboti-2 and Ufshi had the best yield and showed resistance to pod borer infestation.
Weed competitiveness of popular maize varieties of Bangladesh
Authors: Nasir Mohammad , Islam A , Islam Md , Ahmed Sharif , Salam Md , Anwar Md
Published: February 2025

Weed competition is a major constraint to maize production, and the selection of weed-competitive varieties can significantly reduce yield losses necessitating the identification of varieties with superior weed competitiveness. This study evaluated the weed competitiveness of 12 popular maize varieties in Bangladesh under weedy and weed-free conditions during the 2018-2019 rabi season using a split-plot design. Weed competitiveness was assessed based on crop growth, yield, weed density, and weed dry biomass. Results revealed significant variability in weed competitiveness among the tested varieties. BARI Hybrid Bhutta 13 exhibited the highest weed competitiveness, with the lowest relative yield loss (40%) and the highest weed competitive index (6.9). In contrast, Hiramon showed the highest relative yield loss (85%), closely followed by Mohabir and PacD22, while Khoi Bhutta recorded the lowest weed competitive index. Under season-long weedy and weed-free conditions, BARI Hybrid Bhutta 13 achieved the highest grain yield (9.8 t ha⁻¹), whereas BARI Hybrid Bhutta 12 and Mohabir produced the lowest yields in both conditions. These findings highlight substantial varietal differences in weed competitiveness, emphasizing the potential of selecting weed-tolerant maize varieties to mitigate yield losses and improve productivity. This study provides valuable insights for farmers and breeders in identifying and promoting weed-competitive maize varieties, contributing to sustainable maize production in Bangladesh.
A SHAP-Based XAI Approach to Evaluating Machine Learning Classification of Fake News
Authors: George Gilbert , Abdullahi Tijjani
Published: February 2025

In today's media landscape, where information on current events and specialized topics inundates newspapers, social media, and broadcast channels globally, distinguishing between fact and fiction has become increasingly challenging due to the surge in online content. The proliferation of fake news presents a significant obstacle in ensuring that consumers receive accurate information. To address this issue, this study investigates the efficacy of machine learning models in classifying news as genuine or fake using a dataset comprising 23,481 records of fake news and 21,417 records of real news sourced from Kaggle. Employing Random Forest (RF), Linear Regression (LR), and Decision Tree (DT) classifiers, alongside four feature selection strategies including Feature Significance, the study identifies the two most influential features out of five. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed models outperforms existing techniques in classification accuracy. Additionally, SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations), an explainable AI approach, is utilized to interpret the models' decisions and highlight critical features influencing classification outcomes. This comprehensive approach not only enhances understanding of fake news classification but also emphasizes the necessity of robust methodologies to combat misinformation in the digital age.
Molecular detection of blaTEM-encoding genes in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli from cloacal swabs of ducks in Indonesia farms
Authors: Ahadini Susmitha , Tyasningsih Wiwiek , Effendi Mustofa , Khairullah Aswin , Kusala Muhammad , Fauziah Ima , Latifah Latifah , Moses Ikechukwu , Yanestria Sheila , Fauzia Kartika , Kurniasih Dea , Wibowo Syahputra
Published: February 2025

Background:
Globally, there is an increasing frequency of community-acquired illnesses caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli. The presence of ESBL-producing E. coli in livestock is a concern, considering its transmission potential to humans, effects on animal health, risks to food safety, and the widespread spread of antibiotic resistance in both human and animal populations.

Aim:
This study investigated the prevalence and characterization of ESBL-producing E. coli in cloacal swab samples collected from duck farms in Jombang, Indonesia.

Methods:
In total, 125 cloacal swab samples of ducks were collected from farms. Samples were processed and analyzed for E. coli isolation using standard microbiology techniques. Isolated E. coli strains were further subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and ESBL phenotypic detection using disc diffusion and double disk synergy test techniques, respectively. Identified multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli strains were thereafter screened for the detection of blaTEM ESBL gene by PCR.

Results:
A total of 94 (52.2%) out of the collected 180 swab samples were positive for E. coli. Twenty-five (39.1%) out of the recovered E. coli isolates were generally noted to exhibit MDR traits. Exactly 24 (96%) out of the 25 MDR E. coli strains that were selected for molecular studies harboured the blaTEM gene.

Conclusion:
The detection of MDR E. coli harbouring blaTEM ESBL gene in ducks in our study area is a significant public health problem. Therefore, strong and impactful preventive measures which would curtail the increasing dissemination of MDR bacterial pathogens in agricultural settings are urgently needed.