bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The endomorphism ring of the trivial module in a localized category
Authors: Carlson Jon F.
Published: June 2023

Suppose that G is a finite group and k is a field of characteristic . Let be the thick tensor ideal of finitely generated modules, whose support variety is in a fixed subvariety V of the projectivized prime ideal spectrum . Let denote the Verdier localization of the stable module category at . We show that if V is a finite collection of closed points and if the p‐rank of every maximal elementary abelian p‐subgroups of G is at least 3, then the endomorphism ring of the trivial module in is a local ring, whose unique maximal ideal is infinitely generated and nilpotent. In addition, we show an example where the endomorphism ring in of a compact object is not finitely presented as a module over the endomorphism ring of the trivial module.
USP12 promotes nonsmall cell lung cancer progression through deubiquitinating and stabilizing RRM2
Authors: Chen Congcong , Xue Ning , Liu Kangshou , He Qiang , Wang Cong , Guo Yanguan , Tian Jiaxin , Liu Xinjian , Pan Yunlong , Chen Guo
Published: June 2023

RRM2 is the catalytic subunit of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), which catalyzes de novo synthesis of deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs) and plays critical roles in cancer cell proliferation. RRM2 protein level is controlled by ubiquitination mediated protein degradation system; however, its deubiquitinase has not been identified yet. Here we showed that ubiquitin‐specific peptidase 12 (USP12) directly interacts with and deubiquitinates RRM2 in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Knockdown of USP12 causes DNA replication stress and retards tumor growth in vivo and in vitro. Meanwhile, USP12 protein levels were positively correlated to RRM2 protein levels in human NSCLC tissues. In addition, high expression of USP12 was associated with poor prognosis in NSCLC patients. Therefore, our study reveals that USP12 is a RRM2 regulator and targeting USP12 could be considered as a potential therapeutical strategy for NSCLC treatment.
Increased Free Water in the Putamen in Idiopathic REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
Authors: Zhang Dongling , Zhou Liche , Yao Junye , Shi Yuting , He Hongjian , Wei Hongjiang , Tong Qiqi , Liu Jun , Wu Tao
Published: June 2023

Background

It has been suggested that the loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic axon terminals occurs before the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) in Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aimed to use free‐water imaging to evaluate microstructural changes in the dorsoposterior putamen (DPP) of idiopathic rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) patients, which is considered a prodromal stage of synucleinopathies.

Methods

Free water values in the DPP, dorsoanterior putamen (DAP), and posterior SN were compared between the healthy controls (n = 48), iRBD (n = 43) and PD (n = 47) patients. In iRBD patients, the relationships between baseline and longitudinal free water values and clinical manifestations or dopamine transporter (DAT) striatal binding ratio (SBR) were analyzed.

Results

Free water values were significantly higher in the DPP and posterior substantia nigra (pSN), but not in the DAP, in the iRBD and PD groups than in controls. In iRBD patients, free water values in the DPP were progressively increased and correlated with the progression of clinical manifestations and the striatal DAT SBR. Baseline free water in the DPP was negatively correlated with striatal DAT SBR and hyposmia and positively correlated with motor deficits.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that free water values in the DPP are increased cross‐sectionally and longitudinally and associated with clinical manifestations and the function of the dopaminergic system in the prodromal stage of synucleinopathies. Our findings indicate that free‐water imaging of the DPP has the potential to be a valid marker of early diagnosis and progression of synucleinopathies. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Comments on “Identification of micro‐failure processes of HDPE‐henequen fiber composite material by using acoustic emission monitoring: Effect of fiber surface modification”
Authors: Rajaee Pouya , Ashenai Ghasemi Faramarz , Fasihi Mohammad
Published: June 2023

A few comments on the study “Identification of micro‐failure processes of HDPE‐henequen fiber composite material by using acoustic emission monitoring: Effect of fiber surface modification,” have been argued in this research article. These comments are mostly focused on the method exploited for fracture toughness assessment. The fracture toughness of all compounds was utilized via essential work of fracture (EWF), but several specimens did not consider the EWF prerequisites. These requirements are that the ligament shall be fully yielded previous to the onset of crack growth and the fracture takes place under plane‐stress circumstances. Consequently, the data that the writers acquired are questionable.
Hybrid enhancement of silica and aramid pulp on improving performance and reducing dynamic heat generation of natural rubber composites
Authors: Wang Xingyu , Luo Zhu , Liang Jiuming , Zhong Jincheng
Published: June 2023

The composites with excellent mechanical, low rolling resistance, and low heat build‐up are the potential materials for preparing green tires. In this study, we prepared silica‐natural rubber latex (silica‐NRL) masterbatch, which improved the processing and dispersion properties of silica in the natural rubber, proved by the rheological properties of composites. Furthermore, the idea of partial replacement of silica with low content modified aramid pulp (AP) for preparing hybrid enhanced natural rubber with high mechanical properties and low heat build‐up was put forward and evaluated the feasibility of this strategy. We find that replacing 5 phr silica with 1 phr AP, the performances of the rubber composites were all superior to the composites with only filled 50 phr silica, and replacing 10 phr silica with 2 phr AP, the mechanical and fatigue property was improved remarkably and dynamic heat generation was reduced the most at same time. The strategy of preparing silica‐NRL masterbatch and partial replacement of silica with AP provides a novel reference for the preparation of low heat build‐up green tire.
Novel smart plugging material for high‐temperature gas well
Authors: Li Jia , Zhou Lang , Liu Shuang
Published: June 2023

A novel smart material is developed, which is synthesized by succinic anhydride, epoxy resin, and zinc acetylacetone hydrate. The smart material has excellent properties of self‐healing, shape memory, and degradation. The experimental results of performance characterization show that the material has good thermal stability. The glass transition temperature is adjustable between 100 and 120°C, and the storage modulus can reach 20 GPa. The maximum thermal expansion at 50°C is less than 15%, the thermal expansion equilibrium time at 120°C is less than 5 min, and the maximum thermal expansion is 131%. The stress relaxation time at 120°C is more than 2 h, which can slowly self‐heal on the basis of maintaining the mechanical strength. When the NaOH content is 1.5%, the degradation equilibrium can be reached in about 3 h, and the maximum degradation rate is 86%. The comprehensive performance evaluation shows that after hot rolling at 120°C/16 h, the material has no effect on the rheology and filtration properties. When plugging the fracture width of 5 × 4 mm, the pressure bearing capacity reaches 10 MPa. Its main mechanism is temperature‐sensitive expansion, and the stress relaxation effect heals and blocks the micro pore throat.
Extensive‐stage small cell lung cancer: Is prophylactic cranial irradiation necessary in the era of immunotherapy with MRI surveillance?
Authors: Yao Yuanhu , Yao Nan , Qin Zhaohui , Ma Ji , Lu Jiaying , Cui Li , Qu Wanxi , Yuan Shiwang , Tong Shaodong , Li Na , Li Hao
Published: June 2023

Objective

The role of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) in treating extensive‐stage small‐cell lung cancer (ES‐SCLC) has been controversial. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the efficacy of PCI for the treatment of ES‐SCLC under active brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) surveillance.

Methods

Patients with ES‐SCLC with no brain metastases (BM) confirmed by MRI at the time of diagnosis who responded well to first‐line chemoimmunotherapy at three general hospitals were retrospectively included. Overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), and cumulative incidence of BM were compared between patients who underwent PCI and those who did not.

Results

In total, 66 consecutive patients treated between March 2019 and December 2021 were included in our dataset. Seventeen patients underwent PCI (PCI group) and 49 patients did not (non‐PCI group). In comparison with the non‐PCI group, PCI did not provide OS (median OS: 18.53 vs. 17.35 months, p = 0.28) or PFS (median PFS: 8.61 vs. 7.56 months, p = 0.41) benefits. When death was counted as a competing risk, the difference in the cumulative incidence rate of BM was not statistically significant (1‐year: 12.79% vs. 38.09%; p = 0.14).

Conclusion

Compared to active MRI surveillance, first‐line chemoimmunotherapy followed by PCI did not improve the prognosis of patients with ES‐SCLC. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the therapeutic effects of PCI following chemoimmunotherapy.
Pathological complete response in an advance stage IIIB non‐small cell lung cancer secondary to neoadjuvant osimertinib targeted therapy: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Soo Chun Ian , Ong Diana Bee‐Lan , Chin Ka Kiat , Sia Leng Cheng , Munusamy Vijayan , Ibrahim Nur Husna , Loh Thian Chee , Tan Jiunn Liang , Poh Mau Ern , Wong Chee Kuan , Pang Yong Kek , Liam Chong Kin
Published: June 2023

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a therapeutic option for potentially resectable non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The role of neoadjuvant targeted therapy (NTT) remains less explored. This case highlights the use of neoadjuvant osimertinib in a case of advanced NSCLC. A 67‐year‐old woman had a left lower lobe lung mass measuring 5.0 × 5.1 × 7.0 cm with an enlarged subcarinal lymph node (LN) on her positron emission tomography scan. Following biopsy, a diagnosis of stage IIIB N2 (cT3N2M0) EGFR exon 19 deletion mutation‐positive lung adenocarcinoma was established. NTT using osimertinib 80 mg once daily was commenced. Subsequent re‐imaging at 3 months (ycT2bN2M0), 6 months (ycT1cN2M0) and 9 months showed tumour downstaging and resolution of the subcarinal LN (ycT1cN0M0). She underwent left lower lobectomy with systematic nodal dissection. All surgical specimens demonstrated no evidence of malignant cells (ypT0N0). Osimertinib could be the preferred NTT for potentially resectable NSCLC.
Integration fabrication of polyimide composite films for aerospace applications
Authors: Zhang Yifan , Dai Shengqi , Yin Zeyu , Yan Weiqing , Li Qian , Yuan Heng , Zhang Xu , Chen Lin , Luo Jun , Ouyang Xiao , Liao Bin , Hao Wei , Zhu Jia
Published: June 2023

Polyimides externally deployed in spacecraft or satellites extensively have various aerospace hazards, including atomic oxygen (AO) erosion, irradiation degradation, and electrostatic charge/discharge (ESC/ESD). To cope with these challenges, we fabricate a ZnO/CuNi‐polyimide composite film with augmented permanence. Using spectroscopy and microscopy techniques, we have shown that the combination of chelation and cross‐linking in the interfacial architecture leads to enhanced interfacial compatibility and mechanical robustness. Besides, due to the positive AO diffusion barrier ability of the wurtzite ZnO, our composite film shows remarkable AO resistance and a very small Ey value of 6.88 × 10−26 cm3/atom, which is merely 2.29% of that of pristine polyimide. Moreover, the well‐defined nanocrystalline state with minimal lattice swelling (0.3%–0.7%) of the Fe+‐irradiated ZnO/CuNi‐polyimide at a damaging dose of 353.4 dpa demonstrates its excellent irradiation resistance. Finally, the ZnO/CuNi‐polyimide also shows sufficient electrostatic dissipation capacity to cope with the ESC/ESD events. Our fabrication approach for composite films based on multi‐technology integration shows potential for aerospace applications and deployment.
Jay: A software framework for prototyping and evaluating offloading applications in hybrid edge clouds
Authors: Silva Joaquim , Marques Eduardo R. B. , Lopes Luís M. B. , Silva Fernando M. A.
Published: June 2023

We present Jay, a software framework for offloading applications in hybrid edge clouds. Jay provides an API, services, and tools that enable mobile application developers to implement, instrument, and evaluate offloading applications using configurable cloud topologies, offloading strategies, and job types. We start by presenting Jay's job model and the concrete architecture of the framework. We then present the programming API with several examples of customization. Then, we turn to the description of the internal implementation of Jay instances and their components. Finally, we describe the Jay Workbench, a tool that allows the setup, execution, and reproduction of experiments with networks of hosts with different resource capabilities organized with specific topologies. The complete source code for the framework and workbench is provided in a GitHub repository.
Ownership effects on direction of multinationality: Evidence from Indian EMNEs
Authors: Mondal Arindam , Khatua Apalak
Published: June 2023

An essential yet challenging decision that emerging market multinational enterprises (EMNEs) must make when setting up a subsidiary abroad is whether to do it in developed or emerging market economies. The extant literature has rarely probed what influences the location choice of EMNEs' outward investments. This paper aims to address this gap and hypothesizes that large shareholdings by promoters or foreign institutional investors negate agency problems (due to managerial risk aversion) and enhance the propensity to pursue risky but value‐accrediting upmarket strategies. Furthermore, this paper argues that these beneficial effects of large owners are significantly weaker for group‐affiliated firms compared to their standalone counterparts. We test our proposed hypotheses using a proprietary, longitudinal dataset during 2007–2013 for 213 Indian multinational firms and find support for our arguments.
Butyrate enhances erastin‐induced ferroptosis of lung cancer cells via modulating the ATF3/SLC7A11 pathway
Authors: Bi Rui , Hu Rui , Jiang Lianyong , Wen Bohan , Jiang Zhaolei , Liu Hongtao , Mei Ju
Published: June 2023

Ferroptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death triggered by iron‐dependent lipid peroxidation and has been associated with various diseases, including cancer. Erastin, an inhibitor of system Xc‐, which plays a critical role in regulating ferroptosis, has been identified as an inducer of ferroptosis in cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the impact of butyrate, a short‐chain fatty acid produced by gut microbiota, on erastin‐induced ferroptosis in lung cancer cells. Our results demonstrated that butyrate significantly enhanced erastin‐induced ferroptosis in lung cancer cells, as evidenced by increased lipid peroxidation and reduced expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Mechanistically, we found that butyrate modulated the pathway involving activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) and solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), leading to enhanced erastin‐induced ferroptosis. Furthermore, partial reversal of the effect of butyrate on ferroptosis was observed upon knockdown of ATF3 or SLC7A11. Collectively, our findings indicate that butyrate enhances erastin‐induced ferroptosis in lung cancer cells by modulating the ATF3/SLC7A11 pathway, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for cancer treatment.
Use of density‐impact functions to inform and improve the environmental outcomes of feral horse management
Authors: Berman David McKenzie , Pickering Jill , Smith Deane , Allen Benjamin L.
Published: June 2023

The available science often demonstrates the need for feral horse population control but not the degree of control required to achieve environmental conservation objectives. To better manage the influence of feral horses, we must first understand the relationship between feral horse density and environmental impact. We recorded vegetation and soil disturbance, and the sign of potential causes of this impact in two parts of the Australian Alps, the Bogong high plains (BHP) and the Eastern Victorian Alps (EVA). We calculated density‐impact functions to assist managers with determining feral horse density targets for control programmes. Minimal sign of feral horse impact was detected on the BHP, with no impact of feral horses observed along 99% of the length of transects. In contrast, impacts assigned to feral horses were significantly higher in the EVA, where a larger, higher‐density population of feral horses existed. However, greater than 83% of the walked transect length was still undisturbed by feral horses in the EVA. We detected a threshold of horse impact at ~ 250 horse faecal piles per ha. Above this threshold, a slight increase in horse density resulted in a disproportionately large increase in impact. In this context, a relatively small population control effort may substantially reduce direct horse impact. But where horse densities exist below this threshold, considerably more expense and control effort (resulting from the difficulties related to control at low density) is likely to make very little difference to an already low level of direct impact. The combined impacts associated with the sign of deer, feral pigs, fire and humans were large compared to that of feral horses. Management of feral horses to reduce their direct impact is unlikely to be beneficial without complementary management to reduce the effects of these other agents of impact.
The stochastic relaxion
Authors: Chatrchyan Aleksandr , Servant Géraldine
Published: June 2023

Abstract

We revisit the original proposal of cosmological relaxation of the electroweak scale by Graham, Kaplan and Rajendran in which the Higgs mass is scanned during inflation by an axion field, the relaxion. We investigate the regime where the relaxion is subject to large fluctuations during inflation. The stochastic dynamics of the relaxion is described by means of the Fokker-Planck formalism. We derive a new stopping condition for the relaxion taking into account transitions between the neighboring local minima of its potential. Relaxion fluctuations have important consequences even in the “classical-beats-quantum” regime. We determine that for a large Hubble parameter during inflation, the random walk prevents the relaxion from getting trapped at the first minimum. The relaxion stops much further away, where the potential is less shallow. Interestingly, this essentially jeopardises the “runaway relaxion” threat from finite-density effects, restoring most of the relaxion parameter space. We also explore the “quantum-beats-classical” regime, opening large new regions of parameter space. We investigate the consequences for both the QCD and the non-QCD relaxion. The misalignment of the relaxion due to fluctuations around its local minimum opens new phenomenological opportunities.
Holography of information in massive gravity using Dirac brackets
Authors: Chakravarty Joydeep , Jain Diksha , Sivakumar Akhil
Published: June 2023

Abstract

The principle of holography of information states that in massless gravity, it is possible to extract bulk information using asymptotic boundary operators. In our work, we study this principle in a linearized setting about empty flat space and formulate it using Dirac brackets between boundary Hamiltonian and bulk operators. We then address whether the storage of bulk information in flat space linearized massive gravity resembles that of massless gravity. For linearized massless gravity, using Dirac brackets, we recover the necessary criteria for the holography of information. In contrast, we show that the Dirac bracket of the relevant boundary observable with bulk operators vanishes for massive gravity. We use this important distinction to outline the canonical Hilbert space. This leads to split states, and consequently, one cannot use asymptotic boundary observables to extract bulk information in massive gravity. We also argue the split property directly without an explicit reference to the Hilbert space. The result reflects that we can construct local bulk operators in massive gravity about the vacuum, which are obscured from boundary observables due to the lack of diffeomorphism invariance. Our analysis sheds some light on evaporating black holes in the context of the islands proposal.
Auswirkung der COVID-19-Pandemie auf die Versorgung von Schwerverletzten: Analyse aus dem TraumaRegister DGU®
Authors: Pflüger Patrick , Lefering Rolf , Dommasch Michael , Biberthaler Peter , Kanz Karl-Georg
Published: June 2023

Hintergrund

Die Behandlung von Schwerverletzten bedarf intensivmedizinischer Kapazitäten, welche insbesondere während der COVID-19-Pandemie eine entscheidende Ressource darstellten. Das Ziel dieser Studie war es deshalb, die Auswirkung auf die Versorgung von Schwerverletzten unter Berücksichtigung der intensivmedizinischen Behandlung COVID-19-positiver Patienten zu analysieren.

Methoden

Demografische, präklinische und intensivmedizinische Behandlungsdaten aus dem TraumaRegister DGU® der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie (DGU) der Jahre 2019 und 2020 wurden analysiert. Eingeschlossen wurden nur Schwerverletzte aus dem Bundesland Bayern. Die stationären Behandlungsdaten der COVID-19-Patienten in Bayern im Jahr 2020 wurden mittels IVENA eHealth ermittelt.

Ergebnisse

Im Untersuchungszeitraum wurden 8307 Schwerverletzte im Bundesland Bayern behandelt. Insgesamt zeigte sich kein Rückgang der Anzahl der Schwerverletzten im Jahr 2020 (n = 4032) im Vergleich zu 2019 (n = 4275) (p = 0,4). Hinsichtlich der COVID-19-Fallzahlen wurden in den Monaten April und Dezember mit täglich über 800 Patienten auf einer Intensivstation Maximalwerte erreicht. In der kritischen Phase (≥ 100 COVID-19-Patienten auf Intensivstation) zeigte sich eine verlängerte Rettungszeit (64,8 ± 32,5 vs. 67,4 ± 30,6 min; p = 0,003). Die Verweildauer und die Behandlung von Schwerverletzten auf einer Intensivstation wurden nicht durch die COVID-19-Pandemie negativ beeinflusst.

Diskussion

Die intensivmedizinische Versorgung von Schwerverletzten konnte während der kritischen Phasen der COVID-19-Pandemie gewährleistet werden. Die verlängerten präklinischen Rettungszeiten zeigen mögliches Optimierungspotenzial der horizontalen Integration von Präklinik und Klinik auf.
Design for circularity and durability: an integrated approach from DFX guidelines
Authors: Mesa Jaime A.
Published: June 2023

The design of circular products is now a trending topic that involves enabling reuse, repair, refurbishing, remanufacturing, and upgrading parts and products. In this field, using Design For X (DFX) tools appears to be an interesting and helpful way to address requirements and considerations by applying single design rules that can enhance performance in terms of circularity. However, the current DFX approaches are not formally oriented to a circular economy (CE), and there is no clear pathway to apply design rules for circular products. Therefore, this article proposes a classification of DFX rules based on seven CE strategies related to slowing and closing the loop of products, parts, and materials. The proposed approach consisted of a literature review, an analysis of DFX rules related to CE, and the classification of such rules in terms of CE strategies and product design stages. The analysis of DFX rules in product circularity provided insights to generate a specific design guideline of 51 rules for circular products. The guideline was denominated as the Design for Circularity and Durability (DFCD) and is proposed as a design tool for practitioners, designers, and academicians in CE. A case study is also presented to demonstrate the implementation and benefits of the DFCD guideline.
Quiver Diagonalization and Open BPS States
Authors: Jankowski Jakub , Kucharski Piotr , Larraguível Hélder , Noshchenko Dmitry , Sułkowski Piotr
Published: June 2023

We show that motivic Donaldson–Thomas invariants of a symmetric quiver Q, captured by the generating function $$P_Q$$

P
Q

, can be encoded in another quiver $$Q^{(\infty )}$$

Q

(
∞
)

of (almost always) infinite size, whose only arrows are loops, and whose generating function $$P_{Q^{(\infty )}}$$

P

Q

(
∞
)

is equal to $$P_Q$$

P
Q

upon appropriate identification of generating parameters. Consequences of this statement include a generalization of the proof of integrality of Donaldson–Thomas and Labastida–Mariño–Ooguri–Vafa invariants that count open BPS states, as well as expressing motivic Donaldson–Thomas invariants of an arbitrary symmetric quiver in terms of invariants of m-loop quivers. In particular, this means that the already known combinatorial interpretation of invariants of m-loop quivers extends to arbitrary symmetric quivers.
Agonism does not covary with territoriality in a gregarious reptile
Authors: Ball Sarah , Potvin Dominique A. , Class Barbara , Frère Celine H.
Published: June 2023

Natural selection for territoriality is theorised to occur under conditions favouring intra-sexual phenotypic variation in physiology, morphology, and behaviour. In this context, certain suites of behavioural traits associated with territoriality are expected to consistently covary among individuals (sometimes referred to as ‘behavioural syndromes’) within sexes. Agonism (conflict-associated behaviours that may or may not be associated with physical aggression) and movement—for example, ranging, or relocation within or across seasons—are two behavioural components that are associated with territoriality and may be expected to covary in this context. Territorial males are expected to employ agonistic behaviours to actively establish and defend areas and resources and show more stability in their location across the landscape. However, the interaction between agonism and movement especially for wild reptiles has rarely been tested. We investigated whether agonistic and movement behaviours correlate at the individual level both within one year and across multiple years, in a wild population of Australian eastern water dragons,Intellagama lesueurii. Although both types of behaviours exhibited among-individual repeatability over year and multi-year scales, we found no evidence of an agonistic-movement behavioural syndrome. These findings indicate that agonistic and movement behaviours are likely independent traits, and thus, territoriality may not drive shared selective pressures for both. It is possible that other social behaviours and strategies are in place to maintain social structure in this wild population.

Significance statement

Males of many animals establish and maintain or defend territories. Territory defence is expected to be associated with behaviours associated with conflict or expressions of dominance, to signal territory boundaries to encroaching individuals, or more aggressive approaches for active defence. We investigated whether such agonistic behaviours correlated with the distances individuals ranged or dispersed within and between years, as an indicator of territoriality. Through thousands of observations of a wild population of Australian eastern water dragons,Intellagama lesueurii, we found that although individuals showed repeatable patterns of both agonistic and movement behaviours, we found no evidence that these were correlated. It appears that territory establishment and defence may therefore not rely on agonistic signals in this species in direct contrast to other taxa, indicating that other systems are in place to maintain social structures.
Modulated Bi-Orthogonal Polynomials on the Unit Circle: The $$2j-k$$ and $$j-2k$$ Systems
Authors: Gharakhloo Roozbeh , Witte Nicholas S.
Published: June 2023

We construct the systems of bi-orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle where the Toeplitz structure of the moment determinants is replaced by $$\det (w_{2j-k})_{0\le j,k \le N-1} $$

det

(

w

2
j
-
k

)

0
≤
j
,
k
≤
N
-
1

and the corresponding Vandermonde modulus squared is replaced by $$\prod _{1 \le j < k \le N}(\zeta _k - \zeta _j)(\zeta ^{-2}_k - \zeta ^{-2}_j) $$

∏

1
≤
j
<
k
≤
N

(

ζ
k

-

ζ
j

)

(

ζ
k

-
2

-

ζ
j

-
2

)

. This is the simplest case of a general system of $$pj-qk$$

p
j
-
q
k

with p, q co-prime integers. We derive analogues of the structures well known in the Toeplitz case: third order recurrence relations, determinantal and multiple-integral representations, their reproducing kernel and Christoffel–Darboux sum, and associated (Carathéodory) functions. We close by giving full explicit details for the system defined by the simple weight $$ w(\zeta )=e^{\zeta }$$

w

(
ζ
)

=

e
ζ

, which is a specialisation of a weight arising from averages of moments of derivatives of characteristic polynomials over $$\textrm{USp}(2N)$$

USp
(
2
N
)

, $$\textrm{SO}(2N)$$

SO
(
2
N
)

and $$\textrm{O}^-(2N)$$

O
-

(
2
N
)

.
Structure and electrochemical properties of magnetite and polypyrrole nanocomposites formed by pyrrole oxidation with magnetite nanoparticles
Authors: Wysocka-Żołopa Monika , Brzózka Aleksandra , Zambrzycka-Szelewa Elżbieta , Klekotka Urszula , Kalska-Szostko Beata , Winkler Krzysztof
Published: June 2023

Nanocomposite of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles and polypyrrole was prepared under sonication by a new chemical polymerization method during which Fe3O4 nanoparticles acted both as a pyrrole oxidant and as a component in the composite material. Synthesis of this nanocomposite was carried out in aqueous solution acidified to pH 2, a prerequisite for the formation of these types of material and to facilitate pyrrole oxidation by Fe3O4 nanoparticles. In this way, two kind of materials were produced: Fe3O4/PPy nanocomposite in which magnetite nanoparticles were dispersed in PPy matrix and Fe3O4-aggregates@PPy nanocomposite that exhibits structure in which aggregates of magnetite nanoparticles are surrounded by a layer of polymeric phase. In the latter case, the polymerization process took place in the presence of a surfactant. These nanocomposites were characterized by electron microscopy techniques, IR spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermogravimetry. Particular attention was focused on the study of the electrochemical properties of the formed composites. The composite of Fe3O4 and PPy exhibits reversible electrochemical behaviour upon oxidation. The electrode process of the polymeric component oxidation in organic solvents such as acetonitrile and dichloromethane is very similar to the process in an aqueous solution.
PSEN1/SLC20A2 double mutation causes early-onset Alzheimer’s disease and primary familial brain calcification co-morbidity
Authors: Hebestreit Sophie , Schwahn Janine , Sandikci Vesile , Maros Mate E. , Valkadinov Ivan , Yilmaz Rüstem , Eckrich Lukas , Loghmani Seyed Babak , Lesch Hendrik , Conrad Julian , Wenz Holger , Ebert Anne , Brenner David , Weishaupt Jochen H.
Published: June 2023

Primary familial brain calcification (PFBC; formerly Fahr’s disease) and early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD) may share partially overlapping pathogenic principles. Although the heterozygous loss-of-function mutation c.1523 + 1G > T in the PFBC-linked gene SLC20A2 was detected in a patient with asymmetric tremor, early-onset dementia, and brain calcifications, CSF β-amyloid parameters and FBB-PET suggested cortical β-amyloid pathology. Genetic re-analysis of exome sequences revealed the probably pathogenic missense mutation c.235G > A/p.A79T in PSEN1. The SLC20A2 mutation segregated with mild calcifications in two children younger than 30 years. We thus describe the stochastically extremely unlikely co-morbidity of genetic PFBC and genetic EOAD. The clinical syndromes pointed to additive rather than synergistic effects of the two mutations. MRI data revealed the formation of PFBC calcifications decades before the probable onset of the disease. Our report furthermore exemplifies the value of neuropsychology and amyloid PET for differential diagnosis.
Levi-flat CR structures on compact Lie groups
Authors: Jacobowitz Howard , Jahnke Max Reinhold
Published: June 2023

Pittie (Proc Indian Acad Sci Math Sci 98:117-152, 1988) proved that the Dolbeault cohomology of all left-invariant complex structures on compact Lie groups can be computed by looking at the Dolbeault cohomology induced on a conveniently chosen maximal torus. We generalized Pittie’s result to left-invariant Levi-flat CR structures of maximal rank on compact Lie groups. The main tools we used was a version of the Leray–Hirsch theorem for CR principal bundles and the algebraic classification of left-invariant CR structures of maximal rank on compact Lie groups (Charbonnel and Khalgui in J Lie Theory 14:165-198, 2004) .
Characterizing lesion morphology of a novel diamond-tip temperature-controlled irrigated radiofrequency ablation catheter
Authors: Dhanjal Tarvinder S. , Schmidt Megan M. , Getman Michael K. , Brigham Renee C. , Al-Sheikhli Jaffar , Patchett Ian , Robinson Melissa R.
Published: June 2023

Background

The DiamondTemp ablation (DTA) system is a novel temperature-controlled irrigated radiofrequency (RF) ablation system that accurately measures tip-tissue temperatures for real-time power modulation. Lesion morphologies from longer RF durations with the DTA system have not been previously described. We sought to evaluate lesion characteristics of the DTA system when varying the application durations.

Methods

A bench model using porcine myocardium was used to deliver discrete lesions in a simulated clinical environment. The DTA system was power-limited at 50 W with temperature set-points of 50 °C and 60 °C (denoted Group_50 and Group_60). Application durations were randomized with a range of 5–120 s.

Results

In total, 280 applications were performed. Steam pops were observed in five applications: two applications at 90 s and three applications at 120 s. Lesion size (depth and maximum width) increased significantly with longer applications, until 60 s for both Group_50 and Group_60 (depth: 4.5 ± 1.2 mm and 5.6 ± 1.3 mm; maximum width: 9.3 ± 2.7mm and 11.2 ± 1.7mm, respectively). As lesions transition from resistive to conductive heating (longer than 10 s), the maximum width progressed in a sub-surface propagation. Using a “Time after Temperature 60 °C” (TaT60) analysis, depths of 2–3 mm occur in 0–5 s and depths plateau at 4.6 ± 0.8 mm between 20 and 30 s.

Conclusions

The DTA system rapidly creates wide lesions with lesion depth increasing over time with application durations up to 60 s. Using a TaT60 approach is a promising ablation guidance that would benefit from further investigation.
Finding global solutions of some inverse optimal control problems using penalization and semismooth Newton methods
Authors: Friedemann Markus , Harder Felix , Wachsmuth Gerd
Published: June 2023

We present a method to solve a special class of parameter identification problems for an elliptic optimal control problem to global optimality. The bilevel problem is reformulated via the optimal-value function of the lower-level problem. The reformulated problem is nonconvex and standard regularity conditions like Robinson’s CQ are violated. Via a relaxation of the constraints, the problem can be decomposed into a family of convex problems and this is the basis for a solution algorithm. The convergence properties are analyzed. It is shown that a penalty method can be employed to solve this family of problems while maintaining convergence speed. For an example problem, the use of the identity as penalty function allows for the solution by a semismooth Newton method. Numerical results are presented. Difficulties and limitations of our approach to solve a nonconvex problem to global optimality are discussed.
The importance of parents for key outcomes among socio-economically disadvantaged students: Parents’ role in emergency remote education
Authors: Vogel Sebastian Nicolas Thomas , Stang-Rabrig Justine , McElvany Nele
Published: June 2023

Parents play an important role in shaping behavioral and motivational outcomes in their child’s education, presumably even more so during the COVID-19 pandemic, where concomitant school closures forced students worldwide to learn remotely at home, affecting socio-economically disadvantaged students most negatively. However, it remains unclear how different parent-focused family process variables (demanding-structuring and responsive-motivational parental involvement, responsibility for learning) and structure variables (socio-economic status, immigrant background) relate to important learning-related student outcomes, namely extrinsic and intrinsic motivation and actual participation in learning activities, during emergency remote education. Using questionnaire data from N = 117 German secondary school students (Mage = 15.14, SD = 0.93; 49.6% female) with a low average socio-economic status, structural equation models revealed associations between higher parental involvement and responsibility and higher motivational and behavioral student outcomes. Furthermore, immigrant background related negatively to some parent process variables, and indirectly negatively to extrinsic motivation. These results highlight parents’ role in learning, particularly during emergency remote education.
Social Integration: Conceptual Foundations and Open Questions. An Introduction to this Special Issue
Authors: Grunow Daniela , Sachweh Patrick , Schimank Uwe , Traunmüller Richard
Published: June 2023

Is the social integration of contemporary Western societies at risk? We will not provide an answer to this question, which is high on the political agenda. Instead, in our introduction to this special issue, we first offer conceptual clarifications. What is a theoretically sound and empirically useful understanding of the social integration of modern societies? Second, we ask three basic questions for which adequate answers have not yet been found: (1) How is social integration generated? That is, what are its central mechanisms? (2) Is social integration a functionally necessary precondition of societies, as concerns about its erosion suggest? Or is it a goal in itself, that is, a normatively desirable state? (3) What about the dark side of social integration, i.e., its unintended or tacitly accepted side effects for society, its individual members, or particular social groups?
Social displays—creating accountability in robotics
Authors: Müller Michael R.
Published: June 2023

Even if attributes such as being social, smart, autonomous or intelligent are too ambitious in ontological terms, ‘social’ robots, ‘smart’ agents, ‘autonomous’ vehicles and comparable machines demonstrate a non-trivial mode of automatization. This mode requires the human counterpart to develop a pragmatic understanding of the role, the function and the type of behaviour of such machines. Based on this problem, the article addresses the communicative relevance of design elements such as appearance and behavioural stylisation as well as the use of sign systems in order to create social accountability. The aim is to identify the taxonomies or role figures to which non-trivial machines are socially assigned through their design and which are further differentiated with the development of new designs. This, however, presupposes a fundamental sociological understanding of the structure and function of such displays. The present article and the analytical concept of social displays pursue this intermediated objective.
How Aestivation Evolved in Turtles: A Macroevolutionary and Morphological Approach
Authors: Macip-Ríos Rodrigo , Butterfield Taggert , Raya-García Ernesto
Published: June 2023

Aestivation (summer dormancy) is a long-term multiday torpor in response to hot and dry periods. It has been detected in many species of terrestrial and aquatic turtles; however, several ecological and evolutionary aspects of chelonian aestivation remain to be evaluated and understood. We conducted a comparative exploration of macroevolutionary trends in turtle aestivation and tested the potential correlation of shell morphology with the aestivation duration. We compiled a dataset of aestivation status, aestivation times, and measurements of shell morphology of 225 turtle species. We reconstructed ancestral states along a time-calibrated phylogeny and tested different evolutionary models on the presence/absence of the aestivation trait. We also performed phylogenetic comparative analysis to explore several shell morphological traits likely associated with the duration time in aestivation behavior. We found evidence of aestivation in 44% of the evaluated turtle species. Aestivation times were longer in Chelidae, Pelomedusidae, Geoemydidae, and Kinosternidae, and the shortest times in Emydidae and Testudinidae. Aestivation behavior is a derived trait evolved independently and several times in the pleurodires and cryptodires turtle groups. We found some evolutionary trends in different turtle families, Pelomedusidae and Kinosternidae showed considerable increases in the presence of the aestivation trait, while families such as Podocnemididae, Trionychidae and Chelydridae showed important deductions for the same trait. Our results for the association between shell morphology and aestivation duration in turtles were contrasting among families. Overall, it was the contribution of several and different morphological traits that allow a positive and significant association with the aestivation times.
A Note on the Order Lozanovsky Spectrum for Positive Operators
Authors: Benjamin Ronalda , Budde Christian
Published: June 2023

In this note we consider the order Lozanovsky spectrum of a positive operator on a complex Banach lattice and show that it generally contains the order Weyl spectrum, settling a weaker form of a question raised in Alekhno (Positivity 13(1):3–20, 2009).
Update on the Impact of Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate on Vaginal Mucosal Endpoints and Relevance to Sexually Transmitted Infections
Authors: Dabee Smritee , Balle Christina , Onono Maricianah , Innes Steve , Nair Gonasagrie , Palanee-Phillips Thesla , Burgener Adam D. , Bosinger Steven E. , Passmore Jo-Ann S. , Heffron Renee , Jaspan Heather , Happel Anna-Ursula
Published: June 2023

Purpose of Review

The long-acting reversible intramuscularly-injected contraceptive depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA-IM) is widely used by cisgender women in Africa. Although DMPA-IM provides reliable contraception, potential effects on the female genital tract (FGT) mucosa have raised concern, including risk of HIV infection. This review summarises and compares evidence from observational cohort studies and the randomised Evidence for Contraceptive Options in HIV Outcomes (ECHO) Trial.

Recent Findings

Although previous observational studies found women using DMPA-IM had higher abundance of bacterial vaginosis (BV)-associated bacteria, increased inflammation, increased cervicovaginal HIV target cell density, and epithelial barrier damage, sub-studies of the ECHO Trial found no adverse changes in vaginal microbiome, inflammation, proteome, transcriptome, and risk of viral and bacterial STIs, other than an increase in Th17-like cells.

Randomised data suggest that DMPA-IM use does not adversely change mucosal endpoints associated with acquisition of infections. These findings support the safe use of DMPA-IM in women at high risk of acquiring STIs, including HIV.

Graphical Abstract
Proximity Effect of Fe–Zn Bimetallic Catalysts on CO2 Hydrogenation Performance
Authors: Liu Shengkun , Zhao Qiao , Han Xiaoxue , Wei Chongyang , Liang Haoting , Wang Yidan , Huang Shouying , Ma Xinbin
Published: June 2023

The interaction between a promoter and an active metal crucially impacts catalytic performance. Nowadays, the influence of promoter contents and species has been intensively considered. In this study, we investigate the effect of the iron (Fe)–zinc (Zn) proximity of Fe–Zn bimetallic catalysts on CO2 hydrogenation performance. To eliminate the size effect, Fe2O3 and ZnO nanoparticles with uniform size are first prepared by the thermal decomposition method. By changing the loading sequence or mixing method, a series of Fe–Zn bimetallic catalysts with different Fe–Zn distances are obtained. Combined with a series of characterization techniques and catalytic performances, Fe–Zn bimetallic proximity for compositions of Fe species is discussed. Furthermore, we observe that a smaller Fe–Zn distance inhibits the reduction and carburization of the Fe species and facilitates the oxidation of carbides. Appropriate proximity of Fe and Zn (i.e., Fe1Zn1-imp and Fe1Zn1-mix samples) results in a suitable ratio of the Fe5C2 and Fe3O4 phases, simultaneously promoting the reverse water–gas shift and Fischer–Tropsch synthesis reactions. This study provides insight into the proximity effect of bimetallic catalysts on CO2 hydrogenation performance.

Graphical Abstract
$$W^{1,2}$$ Bott-Chern and Dolbeault Decompositions on Kähler Manifolds
Authors: Piovani Riccardo
Published: June 2023

Let $$(M,J,g,\omega )$$

(
M
,
J
,
g
,
ω
)

be a Kähler manifold. We prove a $$W^{1,2}$$

W

1
,
2

weak Bott-Chern decomposition and a $$W^{1,2}$$

W

1
,
2

weak Dolbeault decomposition of the space of $$W^{1,2}$$

W

1
,
2

differential (p, q)-forms, following the $$L^2$$

L
2

weak Kodaira decomposition on Riemannian manifolds. Moreover, if the Kähler metric is complete and the sectional curvature is bounded, the $$W^{1,2}$$

W

1
,
2

Bott-Chern decomposition is strictly related to the space of $$W^{1,2}$$

W

1
,
2

Bott-Chern harmonic forms, i.e., $$W^{1,2}$$

W

1
,
2

smooth differential forms which are in the kernel of an elliptic differential operator of order 4, called Bott-Chern Laplacian.
Digitalisierung der pädagogischen Arbeit in Kindertageseinrichtungen
Authors: Pfützner Maria , Knauf Helen
Published: June 2023

Die zunehmende Durchdringung aller Lebensbereiche mit (digitalen) Medien umfasst nicht nur technische Innovation, sondern auch soziale und kulturelle Veränderungen. Auch Kindertageseinrichtungen sind von diesem Prozess der Mediatisierung betroffen. Die hier vorgestellte Studie geht der Frage nach, welche Veränderungen mit der zunehmenden Nutzung digitaler Instrumente in Kindertageseinrichtungen einhergehen. Am Beispiel des für den Elementarbereich zentralen pädagogischen Werkzeugs der Bildungsdokumentation wird untersucht, wie sich die Digitalisierung auf die pädagogische Arbeit auswirkt. Mit Hilfe von Gruppendiskussionen wurden dazu die Erfahrungen und Perspektiven pädagogischer Fachkräfte erfasst. Die Analyse zeigt Veränderungen auf verschiedenen Ebenen: Nicht nur der Prozess des Dokumentierens verläuft mit der Nutzung von Dokumentationsapps anders, auch die Bildungsdokumentation selbst verändert sich. Die Fachkräfte bewerten die Kommunikation mit ihren Kolleginnen und Kollegen sowie mit Kindern und Eltern als umfangreicher.