bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelo para la integración de salud y sexualidad en el desarrollo curricular
Authors: Ramírez Castellanos Lilian Carolina
Published: September 2019

La educación en salud y sexualidad es importante porque es fundamental para la vida y desarrollo humano, sin embargo, es poco usual que personas jóvenes reciben educación sexual que llene condiciones apropiadas para la vida y que incluya elementos culturales apropiados. La investigación que se expone en este artículo es descriptiva y propositiva. El entorno escolar, es apropiado para entregar educación sexual antes del inicio de la vida sexual activa y dentro del marco de la prevención y mucho que mejor que hacerlo a través de una estructura curricular adecuada. El desarrollo de un modelo curricular además de los contenidos teórico académicos, debería contribuir a responder a las principales necesidades y prevención de problemas de la sociedad en la que se implementa, en este aspecto, esta propuesta de modelo contribuye a responder a la preocupación planteada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, para el período de adolescencia, justo cuando se proyecta el futuro de personas individuales, dentro de la sociedad, con proyección hacia el futuro, principalmente como herramienta para la prevención de uno de los principales problemas sociales en Guatemala como es el embarazo en adolescentes, que a su vez está relacionado con menor rendimiento académico, dificultades en el mercado laboral y desarrollo social de las mujeres con el consecuente impacto para la sociedad Guatemalteca.
Análisis de la importancia del planeamiento educativo
Authors: Lemus Pérez Florinely
Published: September 2019

Se conoce como planificación, planeación o planteamiento, generalmente en países de habla hispana, pero en el sentido más universal, implica tener uno o varios objetivos en común, junto con acciones requeridas para concluirse exitosamente. Otras definiciones, más precisas, incluyen la planificación como un proceso de toma de decisiones para alcanzar un futuro deseado, teniendo en cuenta la situación actual y los factores internos y externos que pueden influir en el logro de los objetivos, va de lo más simple a lo complejo, dependiendo del medio a aplicarse. La acción de planear en la gestión se refiere a planes y proyectos en sus diferentes ámbitos, niveles y actitudes. Se entiende por planeamiento y sus sinónimos, a toda actividad previamente programada a su realización o aplicación, siendo un proceso de suma importancia en todo proceso de la vida, para obtener resultados positivos y alcanzar el éxito en el futuro. El objetivo del ensayo, consiste en analizar la importancia de la planificación, tanto en el ámbito universal como educativo.
Trauma Raquimedular
Authors: Castillo Villela Katherine Marisol
Published: September 2019

El trauma raquimedular se define como una lesión traumática que afecta diferentes estructuras cartilaginosas, musculares, vasculares, meníngeas, radiculares y medulares de la columna vertebral a cualquier nivel; es más común en hombres que en mujeres. Los accidentes vehiculares, laborales, crímenes violentos y actividad deportiva son las causas principales de este trauma; siendo la región cervical la más frecuente donde sucede la lesión. Su fisiopatología lo divide de acuerdo a las horas en que se produce el trauma: trauma inmediato, se produce menor a dos horas, con una liberación de factores proinflamatorios; trauma agudo temprano, se da en las primeras 48 horas donde ya hay un edema vasogénico y citotóxico; trauma sub-agudo, producido en 14 días; intermedio, menor de 6 meses; y crónico, mayor de 6 meses. Sin embargo el episodio que más nos interesa es el agudo, es decir las primeras horas en que el paciente ingresa al hospital. La fisiopatología del trauma agudo tiene dos tipos de lesiones: lesiones primarias, donde hay muerte celular a nivel de los axones; lesiones secundarias, hay daño retardado o progresivo, hablando de cuestiones metabólicas, un paciente con un trauma raquimedular al momento de la anamnesis refiere, parálisis de extremidades, alteraciones de la sensibilidad, dificultad de respiración; los signos vitales presentan bradicardia, hipotensión, dolor o deformidad de la columna, parestesias o priapismo. Los dermatomas que posee el cuerpo humano son utilizados para evaluar el nivel sensorial y motor de un paciente con este tipo de trauma, si está ausente o disminuido. El tratamiento básico consiste en tener una vía aérea, mantener la presión arterial y administrar líquidos; se procede con un examen neurológico y nemotécnico, y un tratamiento quirúrgico.
Hemorragia postparto
Authors: Ayala Villlela Laura Esmeralda
Published: September 2019

En el trabajo en equipo y en la asistencia de los casos complicados puede estar la diferencia entre la vida y la muerte, es por ello que se debe saber cuándo solicitar y saber prestar ayuda. Dentro de las causas de mortalidad materna el primer lugar sigue siendo las hemorragias en un 25% de todas las muertes y por lo general estas ocurren en un 50% en las primeras 24 horas postparto, siendo el 90% prevenibles. Dentro de las condiciones que amenazan la vida se encuentran las “demoras”, como por ejemplo el fracaso del reconocimiento oportuno, no buscar atención médica, buscar la atención inadecuada, no alcanzar la atención o que esta sea inadecuada. Las consideraciones a tomar en cuenta en hemorragia postparto está contar un protocolo de transfusión masiva que garantice la disponibilidad de los hemocomponentes para el tratamiento de la hemorragia. Los principales factores de riesgo para hemorragia postparto los que alteran la contractilidad uterina como la corioamnionitis, en dometritis, administración de sulfato de magnesio, administración de útero inhibidores, placenta previa, acretismo y un parto prolongado. Las medidas generales del tratamiento médico son una buena vía de acceso intravenoso, infusión de cristaloides o coloides, valorar la diuresis por medio de una sonda Foley, control de presión arterial constante y el masaje uterino bimanual.
An Overview of Genetic and Environmental Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Ou Jianjun , Liu Ruiting , Shen Yidong , Xia Kun , Zhao Jingping
Published: September 2019

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder typically diagnosed in children in the first few years of life. Genetic studies have demonstrated a moderate to high heritability of ASD, but only a limited number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified. Meanwhile, numerous single de novo rare variants and copy number variations have been detected in patients with ASD, which are likely caused by environmental factors. Here we provide an overview of genetic and environmental factors that may contribute to the risk of ASD and we recommend that further study should be focused on both genes and environmental factors, as well as their interactions with the expectation that epigenetic studies will lead to understanding the link between the environment and risk of ASD.
Childhood Adversity and Depression among Older Adults: Results from a Longitudinal Survey in China
Authors: Li Yue , Lu Jiehu
Published: September 2019

This study examined the association of childhood adversity with depression or severity of depressive symptoms among Chinese older adults, using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The data is from a nationally representative sample of Chinese residents aged 45 or older and surveys of the sample population were conducted in 2011 and 2013; and individuals aged at 60 years or older, and interviewed for depressive symptom were included in this study. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that the likelihood of depression was significantly associated with poor parental mental status, physical abuse, and emotional abuse during childhood. Our study adds to research in the area of adverse childhood events and its effect on adult psychological and physical well-being.
Socioeconomic Status Impact Hypertensive Risk and Treatment among Older Adults in China
Authors: Xia Cuicui , Li Jianxin
Published: September 2019

Background: Hypertension has become one of the significant health problems among the elderly. The disparities in the prevalence, awareness, and treatment of hypertension have been associated with socioeconomic status but lack of consistency especially in developing countries where is undergoing epidemiological transition.
Methods: Data used in this study was drawn from the 2013 wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), which was designed with a multi-stage clustering population-based sampling. The dependent variables were hypertension as well as self-awareness and treatment of hypertension, both of which were measured as binary outcomes.The independent variables included the community and individual socioeconomic conditions mainly measured by education, income and occupations. A hierarchical logistic regression model was used for statistical analysis to considering
the clustering at community level.
Results: Individuals aged 45 years or older living in urban areas (Beta=0.144; p<0.1) and communities with higher mandarin fluency score (Beta=0.043; p<0.05) were positively associated with the risk of hypertension. Compared with agricultural workers, the retired (Beta=0.425; p<0.001), people working for government or institutions (Beta=0.519; p<0.001), working with a large company (Beta=0.362; p<0.05), farmer or working with a small private firm (Beta=0.302; p<0.05) were more likely to be
hypertensive. We also found that urban living (Beta=0.194; p<0.1) and communities with a higher mandarin fluency score (Beta=0.061; p<0.05) were associated with a higher awareness of hypertension. There was a noted regional variation in both the awareness and treatment of hypertension; people living in the western China were less likely to be aware of (Beta=-0.186; p<0.1) and to manage their hypertension (Beta=-0.297; p<0.05) compared to those in the more developed eastern China. The inequality in treatment was also observed among occupations; the retired (Beta=0.785; p<0.001), individuals working for government or institutions (Beta=0.437; p<0.1) or for a private firm
(Beta=0.395; p<0.1) were more likely to receive treatment for hypertension.
Conclusion: Occupation, urban dwelling, and living in the more developed eastern China were associated with more likelihood of developing hypertension and being aware of and treated for hypertension. However, income and levels of education, two classical measures of socioeconomic status, were not associated with either of the three outcomeshypertensive risk, awareness and treatment in China.
The level of bullying school and its relation to the pattern of personality (A-B) in middle school students In Baghdad
Authors: Khaliq Amal
Published: September 2019

The aim of the study was identifying the level of bullying, its relation to the personality pattern of middle school students. In order to verify the objective of the study, the researcher constructed a measure to measure the level of school bullying, which consists of (43) paragraphs , found that students have a high level of bullying school , the level of bullying school in males higher , there was a significant positive correlation between school bullying , personality pattern (A), as well as a negative correlation between school bullying , personality pattern (B).
Aggressive behavior and its relationship to the psychological and social compatibility of students in the preparatory stage
Authors: Khalaf Iqbal
Published: September 2019

To determine the correlation between aggressive behavior and psychological and social compatibility among students in the preparatory stage, the study sample was composed of (150) students and was used to measure aggressive behavior (Abaza, 2003) and to measure the psychological and social compatibility (collective, 1998). After analyzing the data, the level of aggressive behavior among female students in the preparatory stage was poor, the sample of the research was characterized by psychological and social consensus, there was a negative correlation between aggressive behavior and psychological and social compatibility. There were no differences in the relationship between aggressive behavior and psychological and social compatibility among female students for the preparatory stage according to branch (scientific - literary). In light of the results of the research, a set of recommendations and proposals were developed.
Characterization of two new degradation products of atorvastatin calcium formed upon treatment with strong acids
Authors: Krauß Jürgen , Klimt Monika , Luber Markus , Mayer Peter , Bracher Franz
Published: September 2019

Atorvastatin calcium (Lipitor®, Sortis®) is a well-established cholesterol synthesis enzyme (CSE) inhibitor commonly used in the therapy of hypercholesterolemia. This drug is known to be sensitive to acid treatment, but only little data has been published on the structures of the degradation products. Here we report the identification of two novel degradation products of atorvastatin, which are formed only under drastic acidic conditions. While treatment with conc. sulfuric acid led to a loss of the carboxanilide residue (accompanied by an expectable lactonization/dehydration process in the side chain), treatment with conc. aqueous hydrochloric acid gave a complex, bridged molecule under C–C-bond formation of the lactone moiety with the pyrrole, migration of the isopropyl group and loss of the carboxanilide residue. The novel degradation products were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, HRMS data and X-ray crystal structure analysis.
Biocide susceptibilities and biofilm-forming capacities of Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates from Malaysia
Authors: Nor A'shimi Muhammad Harith , Alattraqchi Ahmed Ghazi , Mohd Rani Farahiyah , A Rahman Nor Iza , Ismail Salwani , Abdullah Fatimah Haslina , Othman Norlela , Cleary David W , Clarke Stuart C , Yeo Chew Chieng
Published: September 2019

Introduction. Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative nosocomial pathogen that has the capacity to develop resistance to all classes of antimicrobial compounds. However, very little is known regarding its susceptibility to biocides (antiseptics and disinfectants) and capacity to form biofilms, particularly for Malaysian isolates.

Aim. To determine the susceptibility of A. baumannii isolates to commonly-used biocides, investigate their biofilm-forming capacities and the prevalence of biocide resistance and biofilm-associated genes.

Methodology. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 100 A. baumannii hospital isolates from Terengganu, Malaysia, towards the biocides benzalkonium chloride (BZK), benzethonium chloride (BZT) and chlorhexidine digluconate (CLX), were determined by broth microdilution. The isolates were also examined for their ability to form biofilms in 96-well microplates. The prevalence of biocide resistance genes qacA, qacE and qacDE1 and the biofilm-associated genes bap and abaI were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results. Majority of the A. baumannii isolates (43%) showed higher MIC values (> 50 µg/mL) for CLX than for BZK (5% for MIC > 50 µg/mL) and BZT (9% for MIC > 50 µg/mL). The qacDE1 gene was predominant (63%) followed by qacE (28%) whereas no isolate was found harbouring qacA. All isolates were positive for the bap and abaI genes although the biofilm-forming capacity varied among the isolates.

Conclusion. The Terengganu A. baumannii isolates showed higher prevalence of qacDE1 compared to qacE although no correlation was found with the biocides’ MIC values. No correlation was also observed between the isolates’ biofilm-forming capacity and the MIC values for the biocides.
Prevalence of Montelukast Use as an Add-On Therapy among Iraqi Asthmatics on Treatment Attending Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital and Al-Zahraa Center of Asthma and Allergy
Authors: Hamdan Saba Jassim , Al-Attar Zaid , Hashim Imad
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND: Montelukast (Singulair) is a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist, used for the maintenance treatment of asthma and to relieve symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis and asthma, also used for exercise-induced bronchospasm.
AIM: This study was performed to determine the prevalence of Montelukast use as an add-on therapy among Iraqi asthmatic patients on treatment. Comparing the effectiveness of regimens with and without montelukast.
METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 73 Iraqi asthmatic patients on treatment of both sexes with age range (18-60) years old, attending Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital and Al-Zahraa Centre of Asthma and Allergy, Baghdad, for the period between February and March 2017. A questionnaire was specifically prepared to meet the objectives and was used to collect the data of the study.
RESULTS: There was a significant statistical reduction of frequency in asthmatic attacks after Montelukast treatment (p-value < 0.05). Out of 73 patients, 39 were males, and 34 were females, 46 were jobless, 37 were married, 63 were urban residents, 63 were educated. Prevalence of exacerbation factors was as following: infection was found in 60.3% of the patients, exercise in 57.5%, dust in 72.6%, smoking in 60.6%, food in 24.7%, others (stress, perfumes) in 20.5%. The prevalence of Montelukast use in this study was 46% (34 patients). Out of 34 patients using Montelukast, 28 were using inhaled salbutamol, 5 were using oral salbutamol, 15 were using inhaled corticosteroids, 9 were using systematic corticosteroids, 2 were using xanthines, and 6 were using ketotifen.
CONCLUSION: Montelukast was used as add-on therapy with the inhaled corticosteroids to reduce the required dose of inhaled corticosteroids also the use of Montelukast lead to reduced number of exacerbations which will be reflected on the use of inhaled salbutamol and systematic corticosteroids. Also, Montelukast was superior to xanthines and ketotifen as an add-on therapy.
Višnjegorski slikarji 17. in 18. stoletja, njihovo socialno in naročniško okolje. Frančišek Karel (Francesco) Faenzi, Franc Faenzi, Janez Jakob Menhard (Mönhardt), Jakob Killer, Karel Ludvik Gentilli, Peter Straspurger, Franc Anton Nirenberger, Franc Ksav
Authors: Golec Boris
Published: September 2019

Prispevek obravnava devet slikarjev, izpričanih v kranjskem mestecu Višnja Gora od leta 1644 do leta 1790. Razen dveh so bili med seboj vsi sorodstveno povezani, čeprav je šlo le v dveh primerih za zaporedni generaciji, pri družini Faenzi iz 17. stoletja za očeta in sina, pri družini Nirenberger iz 18. stoletja pa za očeta in dva sinova. Druge sorodstvene vezi so se spletle s svaštvom in porokama z vdovama slikarjev. V Višnji Gori delujoči slikarji niti v kranjskem regionalnem merilu niso bili prvovrstni umetniki svojega časa. Dela štirih niso ohranjena oziroma niso identificirana kot njihova. Delo najstarejšega, Francesca Faenzija, poznamo samo iz pisnih virov; ohranjena sta dva pozlačena oltarja Janeza Jakoba Menharda in več del Antona Nirenbergerja, ki je deloval na Gorenjskem, vse obravnavane slikarje pa po kvantiteti in kvaliteti presega Franc Anton Nirenberger, čigar slike in pozlatitve oltarjev najdemo v širokem geografskem prostoru dežele Kranjske. Prištevati ga je mogoče med boljše slikarje, katerih slikarstvo je šlo v korak z umetnostnim razvojem poznega baroka. Prispevek obravnava tudi gmotne razmere slikarjev in njihovo vključenost v družbeno okolje
Effect of hybrid fibers, calcium carbonate whisker and coarse sand on mechanical properties of cement-based composites
Authors: Cao M. , Li L. , Khan M.
Published: September 2019

Nowadays researchers are developing a new hybrid fiber reinforced cement-based composites (HyFRCC). The new HyFRCC can restrain micro-cracking, improves compressive and flexural performance of beams by addition of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) whisker, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber and steel fiber. In this work, a mix optimization procedure is shown for multi-scale HyFRCC, with steel, PVA fiber and CaCO3 whisker. The new HyFRCC is explored with addition of coarse sand to further improve its mechanical properties. Additionally, the flexural performance of beam and slabs has been investigated to optimize sand gradation and fiber combination in new HyFRCC. The compressive strength, flexural strength, flexural behavior, flexural toughness, equivalent flexural strength and deflection-hardening behavior of beams and slabs are improved with optimized content of sand gradation, fibers and CaCO3 whisker. The HyFRCC slab with 1.5% steel fiber, 0.4% PVA fiber, 1% CaCO3 whisker and optimized coarse sand showed overall best properties.
The contribution of South African teachers to students’ sense of belonging and mathematics achievement: Students’ perspective from the 2015 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study
Authors: Arends Fabian , Visser Mariette
Published: September 2019

Background: The role of teachers in nurturing students’ sense of belonging cannot be over-emphasised. Students who do not feel accepted by their teachers are at risk of withdrawing from school life and feeling disaffected. This study contributes to theories on school belonging by investigating the contribution of teachers to students’ sense of school belonging, the association of students’ attitudes towards teachers, and their sense of school belonging with students’ mathematics achievement.Aim: To provide empirical evidence of how students’ attitudes towards teachers contributed to their sense of school belonging, as well as their mathematics achievement.Setting: A representative sample of 10932 grade 5 students at 297 schools in South Africa completed a contextual questionnaire and a mathematics assessment during the 2015 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS).Methods: The TIMSS 2015 data were used to develop indicators of students’ attitudes towards teachers, sense of school belonging and home socio-economic status. Absenteeism and the extent of bullying were also considered. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed.Results: A high positive correlation between students’ attitudes towards teachers and their sense of school belonging was found. Students’ attitudes towards teachers and their sense of belonging contributed significantly to mathematics achievement.Conclusion: The study confirms the crucial role that a sound student–teacher relationship plays in a healthy sense of school belonging and in terms of academic performance. The school environment should be managed in a manner that allows for mentoring relationships between students and teachers to be strengthened.
Density in $SBD$ and approximation of fracture energies
Authors: Crismale Vito
Published: September 2019

We prove three density theorems, in the strong

BD

topology, for the three subspaces of

SBD

functions:

SBD

;

SBD^p_\infty

, where the absolutely continuous part of the symmetric gradient is in

L^p

, with

p > 1

;

SBD^p

, whose functions are in

SBD^p_\infty

and the jump set has finite

\mathcal H^{n-1}

-measure. We compare them with existing results, discussing related approximation of fracture energies.
Multiplicity and concentration of solutions for fractional Schrödinger systems via penalization method
Authors: Ambrosio Vincenzo
Published: September 2019

The aim of this paper is to investigate the existence, multiplicity and concentration of positive solutions for the following nonlocal system of fractional Schrödinger equations

\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} \varepsilon^{2s} (-\Delta)^{s}u+V(x)u=Q_{u}(u, v) &\text{ in } \mathbb R^{N},\\ \varepsilon^{2s} (-\Delta)^{s}v+W(x)v=Q_{v}(u, v) &\text{ in } \mathbb R^{N}, \\ u, v>0 &\text{ in } \mathbb R^{N}, \end{array} \right.

where

\varepsilon > 0

is a parameter,

s\in (0, 1)

,

N > 2s

,

(-\Delta)^{s}

is the fractional Laplacian,

V:\mathbb R^{N}\rightarrow \mathbb R

and

W:\mathbb R^{N}\rightarrow \mathbb R

are positive continuous potentials,

Q

is a homogeneous

C^{2}

-function with subcritical growth. In order to relate the number of solutions with the topology of the set where the potentials

V

and

W

attain their minimum values, we apply penalization techniques, Nehari manifold arguments and Ljusternik–Schnirelmann theory.
О каноническом операторе Маслова в задачах о локализованных
асимптотических решениях гиперболических уравнений и систем
Authors: Назайкинский Владимир Евгеньевич , Nazaikinskii Vladimir Evgen'evich , Шафаревич Андрей Игоревич , Shafarevich Andrei Igorevich
Published: September 2019

Определен аналог канонического оператора Маслова для функций,
локализованных в окрестности подмножеств положительной
коразмерности.
Библиография: 6 названий.
Performance Optimization of HCCI Engine Fueled with Tamanu Methyl Ether
Authors: Ramkumar S. , Parthasarathy M. , Padmanabhan S.
Published: September 2019

The energy crisis is increasing every day. The energy source for the automobile is from petroleum, which is a non-renewable form of energy source. The use of biodiesel in CI engine is not a novel research work, and it has certain advantages and disadvantages. The main disadvantages were higher smoke and NOx emission. The simultaneous reduction of smoke and NOx emissions is a challenging job because NOx increases with an increase in combustion temperature while smoke emission decreases with the increase of the same. The usage of Tamanu methyl ester (TME) in the HCCI engine has dual advantages such that there is a reduction not only in the dependency of non-renewable fuel but also in pollution. In this research, performance analysis of HCCI is done with TME fuel. Furthermore, to improve the performance and emission characteristics, the engine is operated at various operating conditions such as inlet air temperature (IAT) and injection pressure (IP) varying within the range from 100Â°C to 140Â°C and from 10 bar to 14 bar, respectively. From the results, it was found that the optimum IAT and IP are 120Â°C and 12bar, respectively. While optimizing the IP and IAT of HCCI engine, it produced a BTE which is almost equal to that of the conventional engine, and the emission of NOx and smoke was found to be lesser.
Conceitos e práticas em saúde: a enfermagem comemorando o Dia Internacional da Saúde
Authors: Souza Jeane Barros de , Urio Ângela , Manorov Maraisa , Geremia Daniela Savi , Hillesheim Adriana , Madureira Valéria Silvana Faganello
Published: September 2019

Tem-se por objetivo compartilhar a experiência do planejamento e execução de atividades em comemoração ao Dia Mundial da Saúde na universidade. As atividades foram organizadas por estudantes e docentes de graduação em enfermagem, de uma universidade federal do oeste catarinense, em abril de 2018. Foram organizadas três rodas de conversa na entrada do hall principal da universidade, oportunizando a participação de aproximadamente 40 pessoas em cada turno. Sobre o significado de saúde, os participantes consideraram o completo bem-estar biopsicossocial, o direito a alimentação, lazer, moradia, trabalho, bem como acesso ao sistema de saúde. Alguns participantes consideraram que a saúde mental pode ser prejudicada devido à pressão, ao estresse e às exigências da vida acadêmica. Torna-se imprescindível a continuidade de atividades como essa que oportunizem discussões sobre diversos temas, tanto na universidade como em outros espaços comunitários.
Biomonitoring using comet assay in fish: a scientometric approach
Authors: Mota Thaís Fernandes Mendonça , Sampaio Amanda Roberta , Ghisi Nédia Castilhos
Published: September 2019

The goal of this paper is to analyze the knowledge development on biomonitoring using comet assay on fishes. Were selected 154 papers in the ISI Web of Science and PubMed databases. The comet assay was used by 24.7% of the papers with the purpose to evaluate genotoxicity of polluted water. Comet assay is many times associated with other techniques, offering good results to increase efficiency in environmental assessment or to evaluate genotoxicity of pollutants individually.
Effects of dietary butyrate supplementation and crude protein level on carcass traits and meat composition of broiler chickens
Authors: Mátis Gábor , Petrilla Janka , Kulcsár Anna , van den Bighelaar Henry , Boomsma Bart , Neogrády Zsuzsanna , Fébel Hedvig
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The short-chain fatty acid butyrate, either in unprotected or protected
form, is widely applied as a growth-promoting feed additive in poultry
nutrition; however, its possible effects on the carcass composition of broilers have not been fully elucidated. Further, lowering dietary crude protein (CP) levels
is an important issue in poultry farming, contributing to ecologically
beneficial lower nitrogen excretion. The main aims of this study were to test
how unprotected and protected forms of butyrate and decreased dietary CP
content with essential amino acid (lysine, methionine, threonine,
tryptophan) supplementation (“LP-EAA” diet) affect carcass parameters and the chemical composition of muscles in broilers. Ross 308 chickens were
randomized to seven groups (n=10/group) receiving adequate CP-containing
(normal protein, “NP”) or LP-EAA diets, both supplemented with or
without unprotected sodium butyrate, and NP diets with different forms
of protected sodium butyrate. Carcass traits were measured, and the chemical
composition of pectoral and femoral muscles was analyzed at the age of 6 weeks. Carcass weight was significantly increased by the LP-EAA diet and all
protected butyrate types tested, while the relative breast meat yield was
significantly higher in LP-EAA than NP groups and in both
unprotected and protected butyrate-supplemented chickens compared to
controls. The protein content of the femoral muscle was significantly decreased, but
its lipid content was significantly elevated by the LP-EAA diet and by
all types of butyrate addition. However, no changes were detected in the
chemical composition of pectoral muscle. In conclusion, breast meat
production can be effectively stimulated by dietary factors, such as by
reducing dietary CP content with essential amino acid supplementation and by
applying butyrate as a feed additive, while its chemical composition remains
unchanged, in contrast to the femoral muscle. The aforementioned nutritional
strategies seem to be the proper tools to increase carcass yield and to alter
meat composition of broilers, contributing to more efficient poultry meat
production.
Regional variability in black carbon and carbon monoxide ratio from long-term observations over East Asia: Assessment of representativeness for BC and CO emission inventories
Authors: Choi Yongjoo , Kanaya Yugo , Park Seung-Myung , Matsuki Atsushi , Sadanaga Yasuhiro , Kim Sang-Woo , Uno Itsushi , Pan Xiaole , Lee Meehye , Kim Hyunjae , Jung Dong Hee
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The BC/CO emission ratios were estimated and compiled from long-term, harmonized observations of the ΔBC/ΔCO ratios under conditions unaffected by wet deposition at four sites in East Asia, including two sites in Korea (Baengnyeong and Gosan) and two sites in Japan (Noto and Fukuoka). Extended spatio-temporal coverage enabled estimation of full seasonality and elucidation of the emission ratio in North Korea, for the first time. The estimated ratios were used to validate the Regional Emission inventory in Asia (REAS) version 2.1 based on six study domains (East China, North China, Northeast China, South Korea, North Korea, and Japan). We found that the ΔBC/ΔCO ratios from four sites converged into a narrow range (6.2–7.9 ng m−3 ppb−1), suggesting consistency in the results from independent observations and similarity in source profiles over the regions. The BC/CO ratios from the REAS emission inventory (7.7 ng m−3 ppb−1 for East China – 23.2 ng m−3 ppb−1 for South Korea) were overestimated by factors of 1.1 for East China to 3.0 for South Korea, whereas the ratio for North Korea (3.7 ng m−3 ppb−1 from REAS) was underestimated by a factor of 2.0, most likely due to inaccurate emissions from the road transportation sector. Seasonal variation in the BC/CO ratio from REAS was found to be the highest in winter (China and North Korea) or summer (South Korea and Japan), whereas the measured ΔBC/ΔCO ratio was highest in spring in all source regions, indicating the need for further characterization of seasonality when creating a bottom-up emission inventory. At levels of administrative districts, overestimation in Seoul, the southwest regions of South Korea, and Northeast China was noticeable, and underestimation was mainly observed in the western regions in North Korea, including Pyongyang. These diagnoses are useful for identifying the regions where revisions in the inventory are necessary, providing guidance for refinement of BC and CO emission rate estimates over East Asia.
Observationally constrained modelling of atmospheric oxidation capacity and photochemical reactivity in Shanghai, China
Authors: Zhu Jian , Wang Shanshan , Wang Hongli , Jing Shengao , Lou Shengrong , Saiz-Lopez Alfonso , Zhou Bin
Published: September 2019

Abstract. An observation-based model coupled to the Master Chemical Mechanism (V3.3.1) and constrained by a full suite of observations was developed to study atmospheric oxidation capacity (AOC), OH reactivity, OH chain length, and HOx (= OH + HO2) budget for three different ozone (O3) concentration levels in Shanghai, China. Five months of observation from 1 May to 30 September 2018 showed that 10 days with ozone as the primary pollutant occurred and the days with good air quality (AQI
On the magnetic characteristics of magnetic holes in
the solar wind between Mercury and Earth
Authors: Volwerk Martin , Goetz Charlotte , Plaschke Ferdinand , Karlsson Tomas , Heyner Daniel
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The occurrence rate of linear and pseudo magnetic holes has been determined during MESSENGER's cruise phase starting from Earth (2005) and arriving at Mercury (2011). It is shown that the occurrence rate of linear magnetic holes, defined as a maximum of 10° rotation of the magnetic field over the hole, slowly decreases from Mercury to Earth. The pseudo magnetic holes, defined as a rotation between 10° and 45° over the hole, have mostly a constant occurrence rate, with a slight increase in front of the Earth and a decrease around the Earth. The width and depth of these structures seem to strongly differ depending on whether they are inside or outside of Venus's orbit.
Seismic and geologic controls on spatial clustering of landslides in three large earthquakes
Authors: Rault Claire , Robert Alexandra , Marc Odin , Hovius Niels , Meunier Patrick
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The large, shallow earthquakes at Northridge, California (1994),
Chi-Chi, Taiwan (1999), and Wenchuan, China (2008), each triggered thousands
of landslides. We have determined the position of these landslides along
hillslopes, normalizing for statistical bias. The landslide patterns have a
co-seismic signature, with clustering at ridge crests and slope toes. A
cross-check against rainfall-induced landslide inventories seems to confirm
that crest clustering is specific to seismic triggering as observed in
previous studies. In our three study areas, the seismic ground motion
parameters and lithologic and topographic features used do not seem to exert
a primary control on the observed patterns of landslide clustering. However,
we show that at the scale of the epicentral area, crest and toe clustering
occur in areas with specific geological features. Toe clustering of
seismically induced landslides tends to occur along regional major faults.
Crest clustering is concentrated at sites where the lithology along
hillslopes is approximately uniform, or made of alternating soft and hard
strata, and without strong overprint of geological structures. Although
earthquake-induced landslides locate higher on hillslopes in a statistically
significant way, geological features strongly modulate the landslide
position along the hillslopes. As a result the observation of landslide
clustering on topographic ridges cannot be used as a definite indicator of
the topographic amplification of ground shaking.
Probabilistic characteristics of narrow-band long-wave run-up onshore
Authors: Gurbatov Sergey , Pelinovsky Efim
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The run-up of random long-wave ensemble (swell, storm surge, and tsunami) on the constant-slope beach is studied in the framework of the nonlinear
shallow-water theory in the approximation of non-breaking waves. If the
incident wave approaches the shore from the deepest water, run-up
characteristics can be found in two stages: in the first stage, linear
equations are solved and the wave characteristics at the fixed (undisturbed)
shoreline are found, and in the second stage the nonlinear dynamics of the
moving shoreline is studied by means of the Riemann (nonlinear)
transformation of linear solutions. In this paper, detailed results are
obtained for quasi-harmonic (narrow-band) waves with random amplitude and
phase. It is shown that the probabilistic characteristics of the run-up
extremes can be found from the linear theory, while the same ones of the
moving shoreline are from the nonlinear theory. The role of wave-breaking due to large-amplitude outliers is discussed, so that it becomes necessary to consider wave ensembles with non-Gaussian statistics within the framework of the analytical theory of non-breaking waves. The basic formulas for calculating the probabilistic characteristics of the moving shoreline and its velocity through the incident wave characteristics are given. They can be used for estimates of the flooding zone characteristics in marine natural hazards.
Evaluation of two hydrometeorogical ensemble strategies for flash flood forecasting over a catchment of the eastern Pyrenees
Authors: Roux Hélène , Amengual Arnau , Romero Romu , Bladé Ernest , Sanz-Ramos Marcos
Published: September 2019

Abstract. This study aims at evaluating the performances of flash flood forecasts issued from deterministic and ensemble meteorological prognostic systems. The hydro-meteorological modeling chain includes the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) forcing the rainfall-runoff model MARINE dedicated to flash flood. Two distinct ensemble prediction systems accounting for (i) perturbed initial and lateral boundary conditions of the meteorological state and (ii) mesoscale model physical parameterizations, have been implemented on the Agly catchment of the Eastern Pyrenees with three sub-catchments exhibiting different rainfall regimes. Different evaluations of the performance of the hydrometeorological strategies have been performed: (i) verification of short-range ensemble prediction systems and corresponding stream flow forecasts, for a better understanding of how forecasts behave, (ii) usual measures derived from a contingency table approach, to test an alert threshold exceedance, and (iii) overall evaluation of the hydro-meteorological chain using the Continuous Rank Probability Score, for a general quantification of the ensemble performances. Results show that the overall discharge forecast is improved by both ensemble strategies with respect to the deterministic forecast. Threshold exceedance detections for flood warning also benefit from large hydro-meteorological ensemble spread. There are no substantial differences between both ensemble strategies on these test cases in terms both of the issuance of flood warnings and the overall performances, suggesting that both sources of external-scale uncertainty are important to take into account.
Impacts of land use and topography on soil organic carbon in a Mediterranean landscape (north-western Tunisia)
Authors: Jendoubi Donia , Liniger Hanspeter , Ifejika Speranza Chinwe
Published: September 2019

Abstract. This study evaluates the impact of land use and topographic
features (slope and aspect) on soil organic carbon (SOC) within the Wadi
Beja watershed in north-western Tunisia. A soil spectral library was set up
to assess the variation in the SOC for 1440 soil samples from four land use
types (field crops, permanent crops, forest, and grazing land), three slope
categories (flat, moderate, and steep) and two aspects (north- and
south-facing). For field crops, only one factor – slope – significantly
affected SOC, with SOC content in north-facing areas appearing to be higher
in flat areas (0.75 %) than in hilly areas (0.51 %). However, in
south-facing areas, SOC content was also higher in flat areas (0.74 %)
than in hilly areas (0.50 %). For permanent crops, which were
inter-planted with field crops, the slope significantly affected SOC
content, which improved to 0.97 % in flat north-facing and 0.96 % in
flat south-facing areas, scoring higher than hilly south- and north-facing
areas (0.79 %). In the grazing land use system, both of the investigated
factors – aspect and slope – significantly affected the SOC content, which
was significantly higher in flat areas (north-facing: 0.84 %,
south-facing: 0.77 %) than in hilly areas (north-facing: 0.61 %,
south-facing: 0.56 %). For the forest, none of the factors had a
significant effect on SOC content, which was higher in flat areas
(north-facing: 1.15 %, south-facing: 1.14 %) than in steep areas
(1.09 % in north-facing areas and 1.07 % in south-facing areas). This
study highlights the ability of visible and near-infrared (VNIR)
spectroscopy to quantify C in diverse soils collected over a large diverse
geographic area in order to indicate that calibrations are feasible, and
therefore, assessing the variation of SOC content under land use and
topographic features (slope and aspect) will result in better sustainable
land management planning.
Lake outbursts of the eastern part of the Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica, through snow and ice dams
Authors: Boronina Alina , Popov Sergey , Pryakhina Galina
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The Antarctic oasis Larsemann Hills is characterized by a developed drainage system. It includes several lakes of different genesis. However, besides the state of knowledge of this region and regular expeditions, which are conducted nowadays, the lakes of this oasis have not been studied comprehensively yet. In general, international and Russian research is dedicated to the monitoring of the ecological state of the water bodies, inferring climate change signals from the lake deposits. At the same time, works related to determination of the bathymetry and morphology of water bodies do not virtually exist or are hidden in scientific-technical reports of the Antarctic Programs of different countries. Interest in the investigation of the oasis lakes has increased sharply after the formation of a vast depression on on Dålk Glacier (Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica) on 30 January 2017 caused by the outburst of intraglacial reservoir. Field research in 2017/18 revealed that sudden destructions of impound dams and the generation of breakthrough floods are indicative for many lakes of the oasis. Thus, the present work aims at the application of mathematical modeling methods to shed light on the processes that lead to dam destruction and the outburst of lakes temporarily impounded by natural firn-ice and glacial dams. Such discharges are comparable to jökulhlaups and can be calculated using the adapted model of Yu.B. Vinogradov. As main objects of this research we select among the lakes located close to Russian and foreign Antarctic stations and field bases those, for which destructions of ice-snow bridges are detected. According to the modelling results, the following characteristics were identified for every outburst: the distribution of the discharges over time, the volume and transmission time of the flood. Moreover, its catastrophic risk and fracture force was assessed. The data obtained will form a basis for studying the formation of temporary ice hydrographic networks in Antarctica and the analogous processes occurring under the Arctic glaciers.
Drifting snow statistics from multiple-year autonomous
measurements in Adelie Land, eastern Antarctica
Authors: Amory Charles
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Drifting snow is a widespread feature over the Antarctic ice sheet whose climatological and hydrological significances at the continental scale have been consequently investigated through modelling and satellite approaches. While field measurements are needed to evaluate and interpret model and punctual satellite products, most drifting snow observation campaigns in Antarctica involved data collected at a single location and over short time periods. With the aim of acquiring new data relevant to the observations and modelling of drifting snow in Antarctic conditions, two remote locations in coastal Adelie Land (East Antarctica) 100 km apart were instrumented in January 2010 with meteorological and second-generation IAV Engineering acoustic FlowCaptTM sensors. The data provided nearly continuously so far constitutes the longest dataset of autonomous near-surface (i.e., below 2 m) measurements of drifting snow currently available over the Antarctic continent. This paper presents an assessment of drifting snow occurrences and snow mass transport from up to 9 years (2010–2018) of half-hourly observational records collected in one of the Antarctic regions most prone to snow transport by wind. The dataset is freely available to the scientific community and can be used to complement satellite products and evaluate snow-transport models close to the surface and at high temporal frequency.
GPS Interferometric Reflectometry measurements of ground surface elevation changes in permafrost areas in northern Canada
Authors: Zhang Jiahua , Liu Lin , Hu Yufeng
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Global Positioning System Interferometric Reflectometry (GPS-IR) is a relatively new technique which uses reflected GPS signals to measure surface elevation changes to study frozen ground dynamics. At present, more than 200 GPS stations are in continuous operation in the Northern Hemisphere permafrost areas. They were originally designed and maintained for tectonic and ionospheric studies. However, only one site in Barrow, Alaska has so far been used to study permafrost by GPS-IR. Moreover, GPS-IR has high requirements on ground surface condition, which needs to be open, flat, and homogeneous. In this study, we screen 3 major GPS networks in Canada and identify 12 out of 38 stations located in permafrost areas as useful ones where reliable reflectometry measurements can be obtained. We narrow our focus to 5 Canadian Active Control System stations and obtain their daily GPS-IR estimated surface elevation changes. We find that the ground surface subsided in Alert and Resolute Bay respectively by 0.79 ± 0.04 cm yr−1 (2012–2017) and 0.70 ± 0.02 cm yr−1 (2003–2014), but uplifted in Iqaluit by 0.35 ± 0.04 cm yr−1 (2010–2017). At the other two sites respectively in Repulse Bay and Baker Lake, the trends are not statistically significant. The linear trends of deformation were negatively correlated with those of the thaw indices in Alert, Resolute Bay, and Iqaluit. Furthermore, in Resolute Bay, we also find that the end-of-thaw elevations during 2003–2012 were highly negatively correlated with the square root of thaw indices. This study highlights multiple useful GPS stations in northern Canada, where multi-year, continuous, and daily GPS-IR estimated surface deformation can be obtained and used to study frozen ground dynamics at various temporal scales and across a broad region.