bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les hybrides, la géographie de la nature et de l’environnement
Authors: Lespez Laurent , Dufour Simon
Published: February 2021

À l’ère de l’Anthropocène, la transformation de la nature matérielle par les sociétés est de mieux en mieux assimilée. De nombreuses recherches proposent ainsi d’envisager la nature contemporaine comme le résultat de l’hybridation de la nature et de la culture. Mais que sont les hybrides et quelle place doit-on leur accorder ? L’examen du concept en géographie, et dans quelques disciplines voisines, permet d’effectuer plusieurs constats. La géographie démontre depuis longtemps que l’environnement est constitué d’hybrides possédant une dimension matérielle et dont la compréhension ne peut se faire qu’en les inscrivant dans l’espace et dans le temps. Ces hybrides correspondent à des systèmes (géosystèmes, anthroposystèmes) mais aussi aux objets élémentaires qui les constituent (sédiment, arbre, etc.) qui sont ontologiquement socionaturels. Mais nous n’étudions pas des hybrides de nature et de culture mais des hybrides entre des processus physicochimiques, biologiques et sociaux dont la différenciation relève plus d’une distinction méthodologique qu’ontologique. L’examen montre qu’en géographie, l’hybridation semble soit implicite, soit évidente, et demeure un cadre de référence général plutôt qu’un enjeu scientifique et programmatique. À partir de nos recherches sur les cours d’eau, nous montrons que la matérialité contemporaine est composée d’objets hybrides par construction ou par métabolisme. C’est pourquoi nous proposons une géographie des objets hybrides qui s’appuie sur le renforcement d’un espace intradisciplinaire en géographie, seul à même d’articuler toutes les dimensions nécessaires à leur compréhension.
Effet d’une induction émotionnelle par la musique sur la détection d’erreurs orthographiques : étude chez l’enfant et chez l’adulte
Authors: Soulier Lucille , Simoës-Perlant Aurélie , Largy Pierre
Published: February 2021

Cette étude a pour objectif de tester l’effet d’une induction émotionnelle par la musique sur la détection d’erreurs orthographiques chez l’enfant et chez l’adulte. De récents travaux montrent qu’une induction émotionnelle négative peut altérer les performances orthographiques grammaticales chez l’enfant en fonction de son niveau d’expertise et de la difficulté de la tâche. En proposant une tâche de détection d’erreurs d’accord sujet-verbe sur ordinateur, les performances des participants ont pu être analysées sur la base de leur réussite à la tâche ( i.e ., pourcentage d’erreurs) mais aussi sur leur temps d’exécution ( i.e ., temps de réponse). Les résultats ne montrent pas d’effet de l’induction émotionnelle sur la performance de détection d’erreurs. En revanche, on observe un effet délétère de l’induction émotionnelle négative sur le temps d’exécution de la tâche qui varie en fonction du type de phrase à traiter et du niveau d’expertise des participants. L’induction émotionnelle négative est associée à des temps de réponses plus longs dans le cas des phrases complexes (SP) et chez les scripteurs novices (CE2) uniquement.
Les modifications du fonctionnement cognitif et émotionnel avec l’avancée en âge au prisme d’une approche incarnée
Authors: Vieillard Sandrine , Msika Clément
Published: February 2021

L’approche incarnée de la cognition postule que toute activité cognitive s’ancre dans une expérience perceptivo-sensori-motrice. De plus en plus présente dans le cadre des études en psychologie cognitive, cette approche se propage tout juste dans le champ du vieillissement cognitif normal et n’a jamais essaimé les travaux relatifs aux modifications du traitement de l’information émotionnelle avec l’avancée en âge. À notre connaissance, aucune étude n’a tenté de mettre en relation les modifications corporelles liées au vieillissement avec les changements émotionnels pour comprendre ces derniers à la lumière de l’approche incarnée. Dans cette revue de la littérature, nous proposons une synthèse des études abordant le vieillissement cognitif dans une perspective incarnée et présentons des données empiriques suggérant une déconnexion du lien entre l’expérience corporelle et les sentiments éprouvés. Ce dernier constat suggérant l’avènement d’une cognition moins incarnée avec l’âge est discuté à la lumière du cadre théorique de l’ embodiment et mis en perspective avec la présentation de pistes d’investigation visant à mieux comprendre la nature des modifications à l’œuvre au cours du vieillissement.
Quand la minorité devient majoritaire : décodage psychosocial de l’influence différée du mouvement écologiste
Authors: Codaccioni Colomba
Published: February 2021

La question d’une idéologie de l’environnement devenue dominante se pose aujourd’hui comme une évidence. La réalité actuelle d’une telle évidence est le point de départ de la présente contribution qui se propose de mettre en perspective apports théoriques issus de l’influence sociale et décodage de la réalité, à travers un décryptage de l’évolution de la pensée écologique depuis les années 70’. En convoquant le processus de conversion minoritaire, on se propose d’apporter un éclairage sur l’évolution, pour ne pas dire le basculement, du cadrage minoritaire de l’idéologie écologique vers un cadrage majoritaire voire dominant. Par quel processus le message minoritaire porté par les mouvements écologiques a-t-il pu être appréhendé, dissocié de sa source initiale et finalement intériorisé jusqu’à devenir un message majoritaire. Comment cette source a-t-elle été redéfinie, requalifiée pour que son message puisse s’insérer et devenir constitutif d’une nouvelle norme sociale pro-environnementale. Une réflexion complémentaire autour du concept de complétion de soi viendra éclairer, en guise d’ouverture, les effets différenciés des supports majoritaires et minoritaires sur l’adoption, la persévérance ou le relâchement des comportements pro-environnementaux.
Soutien des milieux de vie au bien-être d’enfants et d’adultes traités pour une tumeur cérébrale pédiatrique
Authors: Lanoue Coralie , Jutras Sylvie
Published: February 2021

L’étude met en valeur le point de vue de survivants d’une tumeur cérébrale pédiatrique (enfants et adultes) sur les aspects positifs et à améliorer du soutien reçu dans six milieux de vie. L’analyse de contenu des 49 entrevues individuelles met en lumière le soutien réel ou potentiel de tous les milieux. Le rôle majeur du soutien affectif et la nécessité de définir finement le soutien instrumental ressortent. Si l’entourage est très présent, l’apport de milieux plus distaux pourrait être davantage mis à contribution. Vu les effets à long terme de la maladie, soutenir les adultes survivants semble crucial à leur bien-être et leur participation sociale.
Croyance en la santé et motivation à la protection contre la Covid-19 à Yaoundé
Authors: Noumbissie Claude Désiré
Published: February 2021

Cette étude est partie du constat d’un manque répandu des populations de la ville de Yaoundé à s’engager dans les mesures de protection sanitaire contre la covid-19. Elle a convoqué deux modèles théoriques complémentaires et transversaux pour expliquer la motivation à la protection contre la covid-19 : le « Health Belief Model » (HBM) et le Protection Motivation Model (PMM) chez les Camerounais. Elle avait pour objectif général d’expliquer le manque de participation publique aux programmes de criblage et de prévention contre la covid-19, de manière théorique de montrer l’existence d’une corrélation linéaire entre le health belief model et le protection motivation model. Pour atteindre cet objectif une enquête a été menée dans la ville de Yaoundé auprès de 129 Camerounais âgés entre 18 et 58 ans. Les résultats montrent que la menace perçue c’est à dire la sévérité perçue et la susceptibilité perçue, les avantages perçus c’est à dire l’efficacité crue des mesures proposées et les caractéristiques psychologiques ou encore d’autres variables comme les variables socio-démographiques, structurales et conjoncturelles développent la motivation à se protéger contre la covid-19 au Cameroun. Ces résultats confirment également l’existence d’une corrélation linéaire entre le health belief model et le protection motivation model.
Investir dans la jeunesse
Authors: Damon Julien
Published: February 2021

Dans le cadre de la série, ouverte dans ce numéro, consacrée aux solidarités et conflits potentiels entre générations, Julien Damon présente ici l’idée de dotations en capital qui pourraient être versées aux tout jeunes adultes, pour donner à chacun sa chance dans la société. Il s’agit ici d’investir dans la jeunesse tout en luttant contre les inégalités sociales en amont : passer de la redistribution telle qu’elle se pratique aujourd’hui a posteriori , à une « prédistribution » permettant aux jeunes de financer leurs études, de se lancer dans la vie active, etc. Julien Damon rappelle comment cette idée a émergé et même connu un début d’application ; il souligne l’intérêt d’un tel investissement dans le capital humain, sans occulter les débats et questions qu’il peut susciter ; et présente enfin une alternative du même ordre : le prêt à remboursement contingent. Autant de mécanismes qui, dans la lignée du revenu universel, constituent des pistes de réflexion majeures dans la perspective des politiques de réponse à venir à la crise en cours.  S.D.
Biodiversité : visions et stratégies
Authors: Labbouz Benoît , Lumbroso Sarah , Vial Isabelle , Lacroix Denis
Published: February 2021

Dans le cadre de la série consacrée à l’océan, la mer, les littoraux…, lancée en juillet-août 2020, le biologiste Gilles Boeuf nous alertait, dans notre précédent numéro (440, janvier-février 2021), sur l’importance de la biodiversité marine et les risques que faisait peser sur elle le changement climatique. Prolongeant cette série et cette mise en garde de Gilles Boeuf, l’article de Benoît Labbouz, Sarah Lumbroso, Isabelle Vial et Denis Lacroix présente ici les enseignements d’un exercice de prospective tenu en 2020 sur la préservation de la biodiversité à l’horizon 2050, dans le cadre d’un projet de recherche-action associant l’Office français de la biodiversité et AgroParisTech. Six visions de l’état et de la prise en charge de la biodiversité en France métropolitaine à l’horizon 2050 ont été construites et sont ici déclinées, pour notre série, afin d’aborder spécifiquement les enjeux de la biodiversité marine. Après un rappel des éléments de cadrage et de la méthodologie, cet article présente ces six visions et une première série d’enseignements qui interpellent les acteurs du domaine de l’environnement au regard des enjeux, des leviers et des options envisageables pour améliorer l’état de la biodiversité.  S.D.
Asymptotic behaviour of the solutions for a weakly damped anisotropic sixth-order Schrödinger type equation in $ \mathbb{R}^2 $
Authors: Alouini Brahim
Published: February 2021

We study the long-time behaviour of the solutions to a nonlinear damped anisotropic sixth-order Schrödinger type equation in \begin{document}$ \mathbb{R}^2 $\end{document} that reads

   \begin{document}$ u_t+i\Delta u-i \left(\partial_y^4 u-\partial_y^6 u\right)+ig(|u|^2)u+\gamma u = f\,,\;\;(t,(x,y))\in \mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{R}^2\,. $\end{document}

We prove that this behaviour is described by the existence of regular global attractor in an anisotropic Sobolev space with finite fractal dimension.
Approximate dynamics of a class of stochastic wave equations with white noise
Authors: Chen Guanggan , Li Qin , Wei Yunyun
Published: February 2021

This work is concerned with a stochastic wave equation driven by a white noise. Borrowing from the invariant random cone and employing the backward solvability argument, this wave system is approximated by a finite dimensional wave equation with a white noise. Especially, the finite dimension is explicit, accurate and determined by the coefficient of this wave system; and further originating from an Ornstein-Uhlenbek process and applying Banach space norm estimation, this wave system is approximated by a finite dimensional wave equation with a smooth colored noise.
Modeling, approximation, and time optimal temperature control for binder removal from ceramics
Authors: Chicone Carmen , Lombardo Stephen J. , Retzloff David G.
Published: February 2021

The process of binder removal from green ceramic components-a reaction-gas transport problem in porous media-has been analyzed with a number of mathematical techniques: 1) non-dimensionalization of the governing decomposition-reaction ordinary differential equation (ODE) and of the reaction gas-permeability partial differential equation (PDE); 2) development of a pseudo steady state approximation (PSSA) for the PDE, including error analysis via \begin{document}$ L^2 $\end{document} norm and singular perturbation methods; 3) derivation and analysis of a discrete model approximation; and 4) development of a time optimal control strategy to minimize processing time with temperature and pressure constraints. Theoretical analyses indicate the conditions under which the PSSA and discrete models are viable approximations. Numerical results indicate that under a range of conditions corresponding to practical binder burnout conditions, utilization of the optimal temperature protocol leads to shorter cycle times as compared to typical industrial practice.
Valuing Wellbeing
Authors: Singh Soumya
Published: February 2021

In an era marked by rampant switching behaviors, “customer engagement” has come to the rescue of firms with its promised potential of long-term loyalty. However, firms' attempts to engage customers without a clear understanding of its long-term impact on consumer wellbeing may backfire the entire effort by hampering customer perceived value and satisfaction associated with the service. Thus, the chapter revolves around the notion that customer engagement, when designed with the vision of adding meaning and value to customer life, becomes in true sense “optimal.” In support of this argument, the chapter documents the cases of customer engagement campaigns which have failed utterly in the long run due to their adverse effects on consumer wellbeing. Light is also casted upon successful engagement events which have brought meaning and wellbeing to all within its ambit. Using insights from in-depth interviews, four major factors ruining engagement efforts have been identified, namely over-engagement, irrelevant content, over-personalization, and inauthenticity.
Online Retailing and Customer Engagement
Authors: Mogili Ramanjaneyulu , Natarajan Thamaraiselvan
Published: February 2021

The growth of online retail has changed the course of customer relationship management (CRM) at large. There are a variety of challenges faced by the marketers besides the opportunities of doing business online although the application of advance technologies has helped resolve issues pertaining to CRM to the maximum extent. However, customer engagement (CE), one very important of aspects of CRM, is very critical in online retailing and dynamically complex. Online retailers are using advance technologies and social media platforms to engage customers and optimize the benefits of customer engagement. To gain new customers and retain loyal ones have been challenging tasks, and hence, continuous customer engagement with creative ideas and content is the only solution. The present chapter focuses on the important of customer engagement by online retailers, factors influencing CE, and how marketers need to optimize customer engagement through innovative and analytical methods.
Luminescent Metal-Organic Frameworks-Based Sensors for Environmentally Toxic Analytes
Authors: Patir Khemnath
Published: February 2021

Different metal ions and anions are crucial for the life of organisms, but their excessive intake or deficiency cause various physiological abnormalities or diseases. Toxic metal ions such as Hg2+, Cr6+, Cd2+, explosive nitroaromatic compounds, and volatile organic compounds are widely used in agriculture, rocket fuels, and industry, but they cause severe effects on human health and environmental change. Hence, sensing and identification of these analytes are important for life, health, and environment protection. Recently, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been extensively explored as luminescent sensors due to their unique crystallinity, structural diversity, tunable porosity, and functional groups. This chapter reviewed the origin of luminescent of MOFs and its applications as luminescent sensors for detecting different environmentally toxic analytes such as metal ions, anions, nitroexplosives, and volatile organic compounds. In addition, the detection mechanism of MOFs and its structural dependent properties are also illustrated.
“The Way I Think About Scientists Has Changed”
Authors: Grossman Brandon , Farland-Smith Donna
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this research was to assess the impact of virtual, discussion-based interactions with five scientists on middle school students' (N=48) perceptions of scientists. Based on students' self-reflections and results from Enhanced-Drawings of Scientists Test (E-DAST), the week of virtual discussion-based interactions broadened students' perceptions of what scientists do (activity), where scientists work (location), and what scientists look like (appearance). The virtual discussion-based experiences had the most significant impact on middle school students' perceptions of the work scientists do (activity). As this important finding demonstrates—through middle school students' own words—students' perceptions of the appearance and location of scientists may be ‘gatekeepers' or secondary to the their ideas of what scientists do for activities. In other words, until students can ‘get past' or debunk the stereotype of what scientists look like (appearance) and where they work (location), students may not truly understand the work scientists do (activity).
Educational Changes and Teacher Identity in Tanzania
Authors: Lawrent Godlove
Published: February 2021

This chapter highlights the extent to which the Tanzanian secondary education expansion policy shaped teacher identity and thereby affecting the country's industrial economy. The study approach was ‘qualitative', and social ‘cognitive theory' was adopted. The participants' lived experiences were gathered through interviews and document analysis. Findings revealed that the objectives stated in the policy were inconsistent with the actual enactment of strategies in relation to the improvement of teaching career. This has resulted in eroding teacher identity, particularly teacher efficacy. Teachers of this category would not (the author argues) help students to develop their capabilities of crucial to fully engage in industrial development. This chapter, therefore, supports a view that taking into account the social positioning of teachers when educational policies are developed and enacted would enhance their level of professional standards. These teachers may prepare competent school graduates, and hence be able to realise the set country's industrial development goals.
Lifelong Learning and Quality Education for Sustainable Development in Africa
Authors: Nafukho Fredrick Muyia , Muyia Machuma H.
Published: February 2021

The future for all people in Africa lies in the provision of quality education, promotion and sustaining of lifelong learning. This chapter critically examines quality education, lifelong learning, and a learning society for Africa's sustainable development. Issues pertaining to quality education and lifelong learning are ever evolving and may not be completely addressed at any one time, hence the need for win-win solutions from within and without Africa. The chapter provides evidence-based guidance on how to implement rigorous approaches to quality education as an effective lifelong learning strategy to advance Education 2030 agenda and the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG4).
Talent and Africa Standing on Its Own Feet
Authors: Khayesi Meleckidzedeck
Published: February 2021

The objective of this case study is to examine how a farmer, Mr. Alex Omwela Adala, has utilised his talent to create self-reinforcing agricultural enterprises to stand on his own feet. This study addresses a gap in past research on entrepreneurship which tended to focus on profiles of entrepreneurs as well as development and outcomes of investment in businesses. Starting literally from scratch, this farmer has currently nine self-reinforcing agricultural enterprises that have enabled him to cater for his family needs and provide technical support to other small-scale farmers. He has played a key role in founding and managing the Dairy Goat Association of Kenya, Western Kenya Branch. The contribution of this chapter is in using a case study method and a transformative story to learn about talent exploitation for individual and community development. The chapter does not only provide an approach of data collection but also experiential insights and wisdom of an entrepreneur who has travelled the path of investment for 30 years.
Commercialization of Innovations in Tanzania
Authors: Andrew Rwamuhuru Mshindi , Tegambwage Amani Gration
Published: February 2021

The study investigates types, sources of innovation, and corresponding challenges to commercialization among small and medium-sized industries (SMIs) in Tanzania. It employed a qualitative research design with semi-structured interview method. Findings indicate that incremental, product, and process are common types of innovations introduced. The major sources of innovations are employees, consumers, user-manufacturer lifestyles, consequential needs, and best practices by manufacturing firms. Also, it was revealed that SMIs do not follow all steps of the innovation commercialization process. Major challenges facing SMIs in the commercialization process include lack of commercialization knowledge; lack of development infrastructure and fast logistics; lack of strong university, industry, and public institutions linkage; and regulatory authorities' bureaucracy, among others. The study recommends that SMIs establish strong research and development units and collaborations with key stakeholders in order to improve identification and commercialization of innovations in Tanzania.
Decentralization and Good Governance
Authors: Engdaw Besfat Dejen
Published: February 2021

Decentralization and good governance are policy instruments whereby the world in general and African in particular have pursued it for the past 40 and 50 years. Despite empirical studies not yet being conclusive, decentralization helps to improve good governance. Decentralization and good governance are brought into Africa following the beginning and end of structural reforms, to bring economic development, respectively. The chapter has six parts. The first part deals with the introduction and background of good governance and decentralization. The second part highlights the meanings or concepts and elements of good governance, and issues and concepts related to decentralization. The third part insights the relationship between decentralization and good governance. The fourth part gives some highlights about decentralization and good governance in Africa, and when and why decentralization has been introduced among African nations. The fifth part investigates the relationship between decentralization, good governance, and economic development; and the last part provides conclusion.
Primary Socialization on the Formation of Child Behaviors in Kenya
Authors: Otieno Jeremiah Edwine , Karanja Bernard Gichimu , Okuku Michael Tedd
Published: February 2021

Early childhood socialization is particularly important in the formation of personality. Usually, through socialization, children learn to make important future choices in all spheres of life. This can be in terms of political, social, economic, and physical decision making. Recently, children have been reported to use inappropriate language on adults and their mates; fighting teachers, parents, and adults; burning schools; abusing drugs; engaging in premarital sex; even trafficking drugs; among other social vices. Moreover, children have been seen to value ethnic and religious pessimism. The pessimism has led to the retention of negative ethnicity leading to prejudice and stereotyping. Studies have pointed out poor parenting as the main cause for this disturbing trend. The study was guided by the social learning theory and cognitive development theory. The study adopted a simple analytical framework—the search, appraisal, synthesis, and analysis (SALSA)—to examine the main review types. Data were analyzed using discourse and content analysis.
Using Indigenous Languages for Enhanced Global Marketing in Tanzania
Authors: Mapunda Ernest , Alphonce Chrispina
Published: February 2021

As the sector of commercialization is expanding, within Tanzania and globally, finding wider markets has become a great challenge. The authors opine that businesses will be enhanced by using local languages. The study maintains that language links with the culture that has a great influence on global marketing such as product design, branding, and distribution process. The study collected data through surveys, interviews, and observation in three regions, namely Iringa, Dodoma, and Dar es Salaam. The results were later analyzed qualitatively using descriptions and tables. Results revealed that out of 60 respondents that took part, 23% of the customers are from the western countries, 20% are from East Africa, 16% from other African countries, and 51% are within Tanzania. The majority, 80%, stated that even though they market their products outside Tanzania, the only languages used are English and Kiswahili. It is anticipated that companies that use indigenous languages will bring their customers individualistically or collectively much closer, widening the products' markets in Tanzania.
Developing Dropout Predictive System for Secondary Schools Using Classification Algorithm
Authors: Said Hamis , Manyilizu Majuto Clement , Mohsini Mustafa Habibu
Published: February 2021

Recently, there has been an increase of enrollment rate in government schools, as a result of fee free and expansion of compulsory basic education to form four in Tanzania. However, the completion rate of students is highly affected by extreme dropout rate. Researchers in previous studies have explored the causes of school dropout, and they came with general recommendation based on treatment measures. This study, however, deals with predictive measures in which classification algorithm is used in developing dropout predictive system. The targeted population of this study was obtained by employing purposive and non-probability sampling techniques. The study was guided by system theory and conducted in four councils of Tabora region in Tanzania because of high rate school dropout reported in the previous studies. After the analysis, it has been observed that social factors and academic factors have strong impact on the targeted variable dropout time. The study recommends the use of dropout predictive system in secondary schools so as to predict future outcomes of students earlier.
Prison Education for Industrialisation
Authors: Msoroka Mohamed Salum
Published: February 2021

This qualitative study explores how prison education can provide necessary work skills to prisoners to enable them to become employable, and hence reduce recidivism rates. The chapter addresses two research questions: What is the link between prison education and industrialisation? and How relevant is prison education in reducing recidivism among the Tanzanian prisoners? The data were collected through documentary analysis. The findings suggest that there is a close relationship between prison education and industrialization. The chapter also suggests that prison education is a relevant approach in reducing recidivism rates among prisoners. This chapter argues that providing prisoners with relevant educational programmes might equip them with proper skills to become productive in society, and hence become employable after their release. Thus, giving prisoners a chance to education is like killing two birds with a single stone – developing a skilled labour force for industrial development and reducing recidivism rates.
Introduction to Control Flow
Authors: Ratković Ivan , Djordjevic Miljan
Published: February 2021

Modern supercomputer designs fall into distinct categories – data and control flow supercomputer design paradigms. Control flow stands as the go-to design philosophy in all von Neumann machines dominating the market thus far. New types of problems demand a different flow mindset – this is where the data flow machines come in play. This chapter introduces control-flow concept as well as its state-of-the-art examples. Introduction section goes over definitions of terms used in succeeding chapters and gives their brief explanations. A brief explanation of supercomputing as a whole given in the Introduction section is then followed by explanations of the data and control flow design philosophies, with real-world examples of both – multi-core, many-core, vector processors, and GPUs in Control Flow Paradigm section. The third section covers real-world processing unit examples, with a rundown of the best standard and low power commercial and supercomputing market representatives.
Introduction to Dataflow Computing
Authors: Korolija Nenad , Popović Jovan , Bojović Miroslav M.
Published: February 2021

This chapter presents the possibilities for obtaining significant performance gains based on advanced implementations of algorithms using the dataflow hardware. A framework built on top of the dataflow architecture that provides tools for advanced implementations is also described. In particular, the authors point out to the following issues of interest for accelerating algorithms: (1) the dataflow paradigm appears as suitable for executing certain set of algorithms for high performance computing, namely algorithms that work with big data, as well as algorithms that include a lot of repetitions of the same set of instructions; (2) dataflow architecture could be configured using appropriate programming tools that can define hardware by generating VHDL files; (3) besides accelerating algorithms, dataflow architecture also reduces power consumption, which is an important security factor with edge computing.
Recommender Systems in Digital Libraries Using Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
Authors: Delilovic Namik
Published: February 2021

Searching for contents in present digital libraries is still very primitive; most websites provide a search field where users can enter information such as book title, author name, or terms they expect to be found in the book. Some platforms provide advanced search options, which allow the users to narrow the search results by specific parameters such as year, author name, publisher, and similar. Currently, when users find a book which might be of interest to them, this search process ends; only a full-text search or references at the end of the book may provide some additional pointers. In this chapter, the author is going to give an example of how a user could permanently get recommendations for additional contents even while reading the article, using present machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques.
A Backtracking Algorithmic Toolbox for Solving the Subgraph Isomorphism Problem
Authors: Mihelič Jurij , Čibej Uroš , Fürst Luka
Published: February 2021

The subgraph isomorphism problem asks whether a given graph is a subgraph of another graph. It is one of the most general NP-complete problems since many other problems (e.g., Hamiltonian cycle, clique, independent set, etc.) have a natural reduction to subgraph isomorphism. Furthermore, there is a variety of practical applications where graph pattern matching is the core problem. Developing efficient algorithms and solvers for this problem thus enables good solutions to a variety of different practical problems. In this chapter, the authors present and experimentally explore various algorithmic refinements and code optimizations for improving the performance of subgraph isomorphism solvers. In particular, they focus on algorithms that are based on the backtracking approach and constraint satisfaction programming. They gather experiences from many state-of-the-art algorithms as well as from their engagement in this field. Lessons learned from engineering such a solver can be utilized in many other fields where backtracking is a prominent approach for solving a particular problem.
Improvement of Laterality Through the ABN Method in a Learning Enviroment in Early Education
Authors: Zamorano-Garcia David , Flores-Morcillo Paula , Gil-García María Isabel , Aguilar-Jurado Miguel Ángel
Published: February 2021

This chapter aims to shed light on the relationship between the development of laterality and the learning of mathematics in early childhood education using the ABN method. Thus, the authors present an experience developed with 24 children of 4 and 5 years old from several sessions of physical education where laterality and mathematics were worked on in the framework of a project developed in the classroom. The neuropsychological laterality test and a psychomotor table with values referred exclusively to manual and foot laterality, and indicators referred to the ABN method were used as evaluation instruments. The results obtained indicate that students with homogeneous right- or left-handed laterality obtain better results, as well as those with crossed laterality, since they have defined their manual and foot dominance. However, students with undefined laterality obtain worse results, even showing a lateral tendency towards the use of the right side of the body.
Fine Motor Skills and Academic Achievement
Authors: Contreras Jordán Onofre Ricardo , Infantes-Paniagua Álvaro
Published: February 2021

Fine motor skills are key in preschool education. These skills refer to those that require the movement of little muscles in hands, such as picking up pieces with tweezers or handwriting. Recent evidence has shown that those children with an appropriate fine motor skills development in the early childhood are expected to obtain a better academic achievement during the first years of primary education than those with delays or impairments in their fine motor skills. Thus, this chapter provides with an overview of the literature on this area, based on the most recent reviews, with a special focus on the graphomotor skills (i.e., handwriting) in the association between fine motor skills and academic achievement. Furthermore, the latest proposals aimed to improve fine motor skills and graphomotor skills are reviewed and assessed according to certain aspects which are considered relevant in the literature. Some guidelines for practitioners may be extracted.
Importance of Active Breaks in Early Childhood Education
Authors: Vicedo Juan Carlos Pastor , Fernández Francisco Tomás González
Published: February 2021

The physical activity has been shown to be beneficial to indicators of physical, mental, and psychosocial health in child and adolescent populations. In this way, there is a growing interest in the effect of physical activity on cognitive outcomes, because there are some evidences about the influence of physical activity and his efficacious and low-cost health behavior on cognitive and brain development in children and adolescents. However, the effects of regular physical activity on cognitive performance in children have been inconsistent in the literature and not enough study in childhood education. For this reason, the aim of this chapter will be focused in many aspects to take into account to create a proposal to increase the physical activity levels to improve the attentional and concentration levels in children from 3 to 6 years old.
Gamification as a Didactic Strategy for the Physical Education of Pre-School Students
Authors: Carreres Asunción Lledó , Pérez-Vázquez Elena , Lorenzo-Lledó Alejandro , Lledó Gonzalo Lorenzo
Published: February 2021

In the last decade, gamification has become one of the teaching-learning strategies that has received the most attention in the world of education. This new tool uses the elements of the games to design experiences that attract the attention of students, increase their interest and motivation, and improve their learning results. Nevertheless, despite the potential of gamification, teachers are faced with the difficulty of fusing curricular elements with gamable elements to achieve an effective educational experience adapted to the curricular level of students. For this reason, the present chapter aims to design a didactic proposal of gamification destined to work with contents of physical education in the pre-school stage. This chapter shows that gamification can be used in the field of early childhood education without the need to use a large amount of educational resources, if teachers have knowledge about the process to be followed to adapt the curriculum.
Psychomotricity and Infant Education
Authors: Imbernón Susana , Martinez Alfonso , Diaz Arturo
Published: February 2021

The aims of this chapter is to offer education professionals an assessment proposal that will help them to know the motor skills of children from 3 to 5 years old. The authors also propose to offer a methodological alternative for the creation of psychomotor intervention plans. Committed to the importance of psychomotor development for the global development of the human being, they offer an evaluation proposal using the McCarthy Aptitude and Psychomotor Skills (7th edition) as a tool. This work begins by making a chronological review of the concept of psychomotor skill and its importance in child development. It is supported by the evolutionary, psychopedagogical, psychoanalytic, and neuropsychiatric theories that have shown this aspect throughout the times, and highlighting the aptitudes and stages of motor development that children under 3, 4, and 5 years old must reach. The authors hope to provide practical knowledge that will contribute to the optimization of educational work and benefiting children´s development.
Telemedicine Adoption Opportunities and Challenges in the Developing World
Authors: Zobair Khondker Mohammad , Sanzogni Louis , Sandhu Kuldeep , Islam Md Jahirul
Published: February 2021

Mapping opportunities and challenges of telemedicine adoption in an emerging economy has always been presumptive due to the scarcity of empirical evidence. Only recently the potential influencing factors of both issues in the rural context of emerging economies (using Bangladesh as a cases study) were investigated. Analysis of existing literature identified seven broad categories of challenges (e.g., deficient organisational commitment, inadequate technological infrastructure, insufficient resource allocations, deficient service quality, clinicians demotivation, patients' dissatisfaction, and patients' distrust) and six broad categories of opportunities (e.g., service usefulness, service assurance, secured patient privacy, adequacy of services, peer influence on use of services, and environmental conditions) concerning telemedicine adoption. Their significance is outlined. These findings contribute to the literature by distinguishing significant factors, which can positively favour or deter telemedicine implementation in developing countries and similar settings.
Evaluation of Telemedicine Systems User Satisfaction in Developing Countries
Authors: Edoh Thierry , Pawar Pravin Amrut , Kora Ahmed Dooguy
Published: February 2021

This article describes how in developing countries, the work on regulatory aspects of telemedicine systems and applications is still in infancy. During our literature review and on-site research in Sub-Saharan Africa, we could not point out any work on measuring the quality of service (QoS) and quality of experience (QoE or QoX) provided by the telemedicine systems, thus making it impossible to measure the overall level of system user satisfaction in Sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, we conducted a qualitative and quantitative study to measure network QoS performance and end-user QoE perception of telemedicine systems using publicly accessible conversation tool Skype in Mali and Senegal. The results show that about 75% of the users were satisfied with the quality of teleconsultation service provided and 60% of the users have good impression on the network performance. Based on obtained results, we propose KPIs such as global QoS for measuring QoS and propose a mathematical formula to predict the corresponding QoE, since there exists a relationship between QoS and QoE.
Role of Smart Wearable in Healthcare
Authors: Shafi Jana , Waheed Amtul
Published: February 2021

Remote Health monitoring is encouraged to keep an eye on the patient's health status outside the zone of the clinic. These smart wearable gadgets are now integrated with mobile apps to work efficiently as telemedicine and telehealth to incorporate into the Internet of Medical Things. This chapter introduces WIoMT (Wearable Internet of Medical Things) and reviews smart wearable healthcare devices' scientific terms as well as commercial pains. Internet of Medical Things is displayed through a refined background, wearable computing, wearable technology, cloud frameworks, and architecture design. Included are required hardware and software, body sensors, smartphones, the smart medical application, medical location analyzers for data storage, and finally, a diagnosis. Wearable devices are tested under strict observation fitness, vital signs, and smart environment. Wearable devices are now used for a wide scale of monitoring healthcare.
A Resource-Based Technological View in the Adoption of an E-Procurement System
Authors: Naeem Muhammad , Al Sulaimani Ahmed Hamed Abdullah , Anwar Sohail
Published: February 2021

The large organizations are more interested in adopting new technology because these organizations have more financial resources, human capital, technological competencies, employees, and organizational support. On the other hand, small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have more challenges with respect to suppliers, organizational contextual factors, technological competencies, and financial resources which negatively influence the adoption rate of e-procurement system. The present study aims to identify these challenges with the purpose to understand the adoption capabilities that can help SMEs to adopt e-procurement systems in the perspective of a developing country. To achieve this aim, the researcher data had gathered from the internal and external stakeholders of five SMEs of textile sector. Findings highlighted that SMEs are facing many challenges such as complexity and formalization, formal and informal linking structures, financial and strategic integration, industry characteristics, and technology infrastructure. The adoption of e-procurement systems can improve the employee abilities, motivation, opportunities, interconnectedness and system openness, inventory system, purchasing process, and organizational capabilities.
Agile Methodology in an SaaS Deployment Project
Authors: Hassan Ali , Younas Soayba , Bhaumik Amiya
Published: February 2021

Agile manifesto has proven its ability in managing and execution of projects in multiple industry sectors. Many researches have been conducted on the advantages and applicability of agile practices in software development and information technology industry. In this paper, empirical research has been conducted to identify the differences in agile management practices between software development and software as a service (SaaS) deployment projects. Case studies of a payment card industry (PCI) organization have been presented to identify key characteristics, tools, and methods of agile project management practices practically followed while implementing and managing of SaaS-based projects. Moreover, best suited agile management practices for pre- and post-deployment projects have also been discussed.
Leadership Challenges in Agile Environments
Authors: Almeida Fernando , Simões Jorge
Published: February 2021

Several companies in the information technology field are progressively adopting Agile methodologies. This change necessarily transforms the management paradigm and poses new challenges to the leadership process. In this sense, this study seeks to explore the challenges perceived by leaders and perceive the competencies they should have to manage projects and teams in an Agile environment. The study used a survey to obtain data from 387 professionals in the information technology sector. The findings reveal the most important skills include the ability to have people skills, team management competencies, provide feedback on employee performance, and have problem-solving skills. Additionally, this study reveals people's management dimension is key to increasing productivity in Agile environments, and furthermore, respondents' years of experience proved to be discriminating in perceiving the importance of these skills. The outcomes of this study are relevant for companies that are migrating to the agile paradigm and are facing challenges in managing the leadership of these projects.
The Process Aspect of Project Success
Authors: Durmic Nermina
Published: February 2021

This paper proposes an empirically tested model that explains the significance of project development phases for the project success, and the impact of project people on each phase. The conceptual model includes six inter-related components: project success as the ultimate target, project team, customer, and three process steps: planning, execution, and control. The empirical test was performed in the context of information systems (IS) projects. Usable data were obtained from a survey of 603 IS professionals and were analysed through structural equation modeling, factor analysis, and descriptive analysis. The results provide good empirical support for the proposed theoretical model. They reveal a significant direct relationship between project planning and control components and project success, and the indirect impact of project execution phase on the project success through mediating project control component. Furthermore, results emphasize the importance of the people aspect for successful execution of each of the introduced process steps.
Motivators of Researchers' Knowledge Sharing and Community Promotion in Online Multi-Background Community
Authors: Sun Siwei , Zhang Fangyu , Chang Victor I. C.
Published: February 2021

As an essential group in knowledge innovation, researchers are encouraged to exchange ideas with each other for further brainstorm through advanced communication technology. However, efficient online knowledge sharing among researchers is still limited. Although past literature proposes a series of motivators of online knowledge sharing, the differences in the effects of motivators remain in dispute. Thus, it is time to understand how motivators influence each other and inspire scientists to share knowledge and promote virtual communities. Based on the self-determination theory, this study proposes a model with several factors and analyze 301 Chinese researchers' data in an online WeChat cross-disciplinary research community by adopting SmartPls 2.0 and SPSS 22. The results reveal the effects of several antecedents and mediating effects of altruism and knowledge sharing behavior and report the differences of results among different demographic groups. This study enriches the literature in knowledge sharing on social media and proposes further research points to researchers and useful advice to practitioners.