bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cigarette smoke induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and suppresses efferocytosis through the activation of RhoA
Authors: Ito Hiroyuki , Yamashita Yoshiro , Tanaka Takeshi , Takaki Masahiro , Le Minh Nhat , Yoshida Lay-Myint , Morimoto Konosuke
Published: July 2020

Impaired efferocytosis is a key mechanism of inflammatory lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cystic fibrosis. Cigarette smoking activates RhoA and impairs efferocytosis in alveolar macrophages, but the mechanism has not been fully elucidated. We investigated the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by cigarette smoking in the disruption of efferocytosis. Both tunicamycin (10 μg/ml) and thapsigargin (0.1 and 1 μM), which are ER stress inducers, suppressed efferocytosis in J774 cells, and a Rho-associated coiled-coil-forming kinase (ROCK) inhibitor (Y27632) reversed this effect. We validated the effect of tunicamycin on efferocytosis in experiments using RAW264.7 cells. Then, we investigated the role of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in efferocytosis impaired by ER stress. A PERK inhibitor (GSK2606414) restored the efferocytosis that had been impaired by TM, and an eIF2α dephosphorylation inhibitor (salubrinal) suppressed efferocytosis. Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) induced ER stress in J774 macrophages and RhoA activation in J774 cells, and the CSE-induced ROCK activity was successfully reversed by GSK2606414 and tauroursodeoxycholic acid. Finally, we confirmed that ER stress suppresses efferocytosis in murine alveolar macrophages and that GSK2606414 could rescue this process. These data suggest that cigarette smoke-induced ER stress and the UPR play crucial roles in RhoA activation and suppression of efferocytosis in the lung.
Diethylcarbamazine activates TRP channels including TRP-2 in filaria, Brugia malayi
Authors: Verma Saurabh , Kashyap Sudhanva S. , Robertson Alan P. , Martin Richard J.
Published: July 2020

Diethylcarbamazine is an important classic drug used for prevention and treatment of lymphatic filariasis and loiasis, diseases caused by filarial nematodes. Despite many studies, its site of action has not been established. Until now, the consensus has been that diethylcarbamazine works by activating host immune systems, not by a direct action on the parasites. Here we show that low concentrations of diethylcarbamazine have direct and rapid (<30 s) temporary spastic paralyzing effects on the parasites that lasts around 4 h, which is produced by diethylcarbamazine opening TRP channels in muscle of Brugia malayi involving TRP-2 (TRPC-like channel subunits). GON-2 and CED-11, TRPM-like channel subunits, also contributed to diethylcarbamazine responses. Opening of these TRP channels produces contraction and subsequent activation of calcium-dependent SLO-1K channels. Recovery from the temporary paralysis is consistent with inactivation of TRP channels. Our observations elucidate mechanisms for the rapid onset and short-lasting therapeutic actions of diethylcarbamazine.
Granular flow of cylinder-like particles in a cylindrical hopper under external pressure based on DEM simulations
Authors: Wang Siqiang , Zhuravkov Michael , Ji Shunying
Published: July 2020

External pressure causes a change in the flow pattern of spherical and non-spherical granular systems.
Bioinorganic supplementation of calcium phosphate-based bone substitutes to improvein vivoperformance: a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies
Authors: Lodoso-Torrecilla Irene , Klein Gunnewiek Raquel , Grosfeld Eline-Claire , de Vries Rob B. M. , Habibović Pamela , Jansen John A. , van den Beucken Jeroen J. J. P.
Published: July 2020

Supplementation of CaP-based bone substitutes with bioinorganics affects biological performance.
Recognizing conductive islands in polymeric redox surfaces using electrochemical-coupled vibrational spectromicroscopy
Authors: Hassan Ayaz , Macedo Lucyano J. A. , Crespilho Frank N.
Published: July 2020

Micro-FTIR spectroscopy through its coupling with electrochemistry was used to evaluate the formation of conductive polymeric islands of polyaniline films on an Au mirror electrode.
A magnetically responsive drug-loaded nanocatalyst with cobalt-involved redox for the enhancement of tumor ferrotherapy
Authors: He Yuchu , Li Xiaowei , Li Zhuo , Bian Jiaxin , Zhang Xinyue , Wei Shipan , Zhang Xuwu , Gao Dawei
Published: July 2020

A magnetic-field-responsive nanocatalyst with Co-involved redox was constructed to amplify the effects of tumor ferrotherapy.
Bimetallic MnMoO4with dual-active-centers for highly efficient electrochemical N2fixation
Authors: Liu Yaping , Luo Yaojing , Li Qingqing , Wang Jing , Chu Ke
Published: July 2020

MnMoO4/RGO exhibited a combination of high NH3yield (60.3 μg h−1mg−1) and high faradaic efficiency (14.7%), attributed to the surface-terminated Mn and Mo atoms as dual-active-centers to synergistically promote the NRR and suppress the HER.
Ternary multicomponent Ba/Mg/Si compounds with inherent bonding hierarchy and rattling Ba atoms toward low lattice thermal conductivity
Authors: Li Jingyu , Yang Jinfeng , Shi Beibei , Zhai Wenya , Zhang Chi , Yan Yuli , Liu Peng-Fei
Published: July 2020

We investigated the lattice dynamics of three representatives, BaMgSi, Ba2Mg3Si4, and BaMg2Si2, to identify the inherent bonding hierarchy and rattling Ba atoms that are responsible for reducing lattice thermal conductivity.
Deciphering tip-enhanced Raman imaging of carbon nanotubes with deep learning neural networks
Authors: Kajendirarajah Usant , Olivia Avilés María , Lagugné-Labarthet François
Published: July 2020

Deep learning neural networks enable faster and more accurate nanoscale visualization of carbon nanotubes imaged by tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.
Shining light on CO2: from materials discovery to photocatalyst, photoreactor and process engineering
Authors: Dong Yuchan , Duchesne Paul , Mohan Abhinav , Ghuman Kulbir Kaur , Kant Paul , Hurtado Lourdes , Ulmer Ulrich , Loh Joel Y. Y. , Tountas Athanasios A. , Wang Lu , Ali Feysal M. , Xia Meikun , Dittmeyer Roland , Ozin Geoffrey A.
Published: July 2020

Materials engineering, theoretical modelling, reactor engineering and process development of gas-phase photocatalytic CO2 reduction exemplified by indium oxide systems.
Navigating the design space of inorganic materials synthesis using statistical methods and machine learning
Authors: Braham Erick J. , Davidson Rachel D. , Al-Hashimi Mohammed , Arróyave Raymundo , Banerjee Sarbajit
Published: July 2020

Data-driven approaches have brought about a revolution in manufacturing; however, challenges persist in their applications to synthetic strategies.
Mixed-ligand lanthanide complexes supported by ditopic bis(imino-methyl)-phenol/calix[4]arene macrocycles: synthesis, structures, and luminescence properties of [Ln2(L2)(MeOH)2] (Ln = La, Eu, Tb, Yb)
Authors: Ullmann Steve , Hahn Peter , Mini Parvathy , Tuck Kellie L. , Kahnt Axel , Abel Bernd , Gutierrez Suburu Matias E. , Strassert Cristian A. , Kersting Berthold
Published: July 2020

H6L2 was found to be an effective dinucleating ligand for various Ln3+ ions forming luminescent, mixed-ligand complexes of composition [Ln2(L2)(MeOH)2] with one exchangeable coligand per seven-coordinated Ln site.
Solid state interactions in the La–Au–Mg system: phase equilibria, novel compounds and chemical bonding
Authors: Freccero R. , De Negri S. , Saccone A. , Solokha P.
Published: July 2020

A combined study of solid state interactions in the La–Au–Mg system.
Synthesis and characterization of a layered aluminosilicate NUD-11 and its transformation to a 3D stable zeolite
Authors: Zi Wen-Wen , Zhang Jun , Cai Xian-Shu , Jiao Feng , Du Hong-Bin
Published: July 2020

A new layered aluminosilicate zeolite precursor was synthesized and converted into a stable crystalline zeolite.
Water-soluble cyclometalated Ir(iii) complexes as carrier-free and pure nanoparticle photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy and cell imaging
Authors: Tong Xiaofan , Zhang Liping , Li Lijuan , Li Yite , Yang Zhiyu , Zhu Dongxia , Xie Zhigang
Published: July 2020

A facile strategy to obtain water-soluble cyclometalated Ir(iii) complexes as carrier-free and pure nanoparticle photosensitizers for PDT and cell imaging is provided for the first time.
Visible-light-promoted photocatalyst- and additive-free intermolecular trifluoromethyl-thio(seleno)cyanation of alkenes
Authors: Nadiveedhi Maheshwara Reddy , Cirandur Suresh Reddy , Akondi Srirama Murthy
Published: July 2020

Photocatalyst- and additive-free trifluoromethyl-thio(seleno)cyanation of alkenes using visible light as the sole promoter is reported.
Mechanochemical synthesis of Cu(i)-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes
Authors: Pisanò Gianmarco , Cazin Catherine S. J.
Published: July 2020

A versatile mechanosynthetic approach to NHC-Cu complexes is reported.
NanoPADs and nanoFACEs: an optically transparent nanopaper-based device for biomedical applications
Authors: Ying Binbin , Park Siwan , Chen Longyan , Dong Xianke , Young Edmond W. K. , Liu Xinyu
Published: July 2020

A highly transparent nanopaper-based microfluidic device for chemical/biosensing and cell culture, which is branded as nanopaper-based analytical devices (nanoPADs) and nanofibrillated adherent cell-culture platforms (nanoFACEs).
Enhancement of the photocatalytic synchronous removal of Cr(vi) and RhB over RP-modified flower-like SnS2
Authors: Bai Xue , Du Yanyan , Xue Wenhua , Hu Xiaoyun , Fan Jun , Li Jianli , Liu Enzhou
Published: July 2020

RP/SnS2nanocomposite as photocatalyst was fabricated for the first time, exhibiting remarkable activity to synchronous removal of Cr(vi) and RhB. The possible pathway of carriers and photocatalytic degradation mechanism was systematically studied.
Adsorption of arsenite by core–shell K-OMS-2@UiO-66 microspheres: performance and mechanism
Authors: Yu Wenyi , Liang Qianwei , Yin Yuwei , Geng Junjie , Chen Wei , Tan Xuanyi , Luo Hanjin
Published: July 2020

Arsenite (As(iii)) is more toxic and more difficult to remove from water than arsenate (As(v)).
Cobalt-doped MoS2 enhances the evolution of hydrogen by piezo-electric catalysis under the 850 nm near-infrared light irradiation
Authors: Liu Shou-Qing , Huang Kuang-Zheng , Liu Wen-Xiao , Meng Ze-Da , Luo Li
Published: July 2020

Hydrogen is a clean shuttle of energy storage that can naturally reserve solar and wind energy, and it can be released.
2D layered SiC/C2N van der Waals type-II heterostructure: a visible-light-driven photocatalyst for water splitting
Authors: Xu Liang , Ma Zongle , Li Quan , Chen Tong , Peng Bojun , Zeng Jian , Zhang Yingbin , Luo Kai-Wu , Wang Ling-Ling , Shuai Cijun
Published: July 2020

2D layered SiC/C2N type-II heterostructure is an effective photocatalyst for hydrogen production from water splitting by visible light.
Inherent chirality through a simple dialkylation of 2,14-dithiacalix[4]arene
Authors: Kortus D. , Kundrát O. , Tlustý M. , Čejka J. , Dvořáková H. , Lhoták P.
Published: July 2020

Dialkylation of 2,14-dithiacalix[4]arene offers the most straightforward way to inherently chiral calixarene-based macrocycles.
A sensitive and specific method for microRNA detection and in situ imaging based on a CRISPR–Cas9 modified catalytic hairpin assembly
Authors: Liu Yang , Li Shihong , Zhang Likun , Zhao Qian , Li Nuo , Wu Yuxin
Published: July 2020

We report here a method for the molecular detection of miRNAs in exosomes and imaging in living cells based on CRISPR–Cas9 and catalytic hairpin assembly.
Modulator-free approach towards missing-cluster defect formation in Zr-based UiO-66
Authors: Chammingkwan Patchanee , Shangkum Goji Yildun , Mai Le Thi Tuyet , Mohan Priyank , Thakur Ashutosh , Wada Toru , Taniike Toshiaki
Published: July 2020

Missing-cluster defects in Zr-based UiO-66 can be generated by rigorous control of water without the need of acidic modulators.
Palladium nanoparticles-anchored dual-responsive SBA-15-PNIPAM/PMAA nanoreactor: a novel heterogeneous catalyst for a green Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction
Authors: Mohan Anandhu , Rout Lipeeka , Thomas Anju Maria , Peter Jerome , Nagappan Saravanan , Parambadath Surendran , Ha Chang-Sik
Published: July 2020

Palladium nanoparticles-anchored dual-responsive SBA-15-copolymer nanoreactor was developed as a novel heterogeneous catalyst for green Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction.
Controlling the drying-induced peeling of colloidal films
Authors: Osman Abdulkadir , Goehring Lucas , Stitt Hugh , Shokri Nima
Published: July 2020

Controlling film peeling by modifying the properties of the evaporating solution and consequently the length of the drying front.
A lightly Fe-doped (NiS2/MoS2)/carbon nanotube hybrid electrocatalyst film with laser-drilled micropores for stabilized overall water splitting and pH-universal hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Li Chenyu , Liu Mingda , Ding Hanyuan , He Liqiong , Wang Enze , Wang Bolun , Fan Shoushan , Liu Kai
Published: July 2020

Fe-(NiS2/MoS2)/CNT serves as an active and stable hybrid-electrocatalyst for overall water splitting in alkali and the HER in a pH-universal environment.
Computational design of (100) alloy surfaces for the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Li Hao , Xu Shaopeng , Wang Min , Chen Ziheng , Ji Fengfeng , Cheng Kewei , Gao Zhengyang , Ding Zhao , Yang Weijie
Published: July 2020

Based on the understandings of alloying effects in bimetallic (100) surfaces, we explored their four-fold active sites for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction.
Phase transformation, charge transfer, and ionic diffusion of Na4MnV(PO4)3 in sodium-ion batteries: a combined first-principles and experimental study
Authors: Gao Xinying , Lian Ruqian , He Li , Fu Qiang , Indris Sylvio , Schwarz Björn , Wang Xudong , Chen Gang , Ehrenberg Helmut , Wei Yingjin
Published: July 2020

The structural transformation, charge transfer and ionic diffusion properties of Na4MnV(PO4)3 were studied by first-principles and experimental studies. Two independent Na sites, Na(1) and Na(2), were found, but only Na(2) can be extracted between 2.5 and 3.8 V.
A novel hydrazide Schiff base self-assembled nanoprobe for selective detection of human serum albumin and its applications in renal disease surveillance
Authors: Wang Zhi-Gang , Yan Xiao-Jing , Liu Hai-Bo , Zhang De-Long , Liu Wei , Xie Cheng-Zhi , Li Qing-Zhong , Xu Jing-Yuan
Published: July 2020

A novel fluorescent probe based on disassembly-induced emission and the site-binding mechanism for HSA detection and applications in renal disease surveillance.
Luminescence properties and energy transfer of novel Bi3+ and Mn2+-co-activated Y3Ga5O12 single-component white light-emitting phosphor
Authors: Dong Langping , Zhang Liang , Jia Yongchao , Shao Baiqi , Zhao Shuang , You Hongpeng
Published: July 2020

A novel Bi3+ and Mn2+ co-activated Y3Ga5O12 single-component white light-emitting phosphor was developed.
Control of magneto-optical properties of cobalt-layers by adsorption of α-helical polyalanine self-assembled monolayers
Authors: Sharma Apoorva , Matthes Patrick , Soldatov Ivan , Arekapudi Sri Sai Phani Kanth , Böhm Benny , Lindner Marina , Selyshchev Oleksandr , Thi Ngoc Ha Nguyen , Mehring Michael , Tegenkamp Christoph , Schulz Stefan E , Zahn Dietrich R. T. , Paltiel Yossi , Hellwig Olav , Salvan Georgeta
Published: July 2020

Adsorption of α-helical polyaniline self-assembled monolayers onto magnetic substrates containing a thin Co layer determines the magneto-optical response.
RNA-binding protein CELF1 enhances cell migration, invasion, and chemoresistance by targeting ETS2 in colorectal cancer
Authors: Wang Huaiming , Huang Rongkang , Guo Wentai , Qin Xiusen , Yang Zifeng , Yuan Zixu , Wei Yingqi , Mo Chunlin , Zeng Zhantao , Luo Jian , Cai Jian , Wang Hui
Published: July 2020

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is often diagnosed at later stages after it has metastasized to other organs. The development of chemoresistance also contributes to a poor prognosis. Therefore, an increased understanding of the metastatic properties of CRC and chemoresistance could improve patient survival. CUGBP elav-like family member 1 (CELF1) is an RNA-binding protein, which is overexpressed in many human malignant tumors. However, the influence of CELF1 in CRC is unclear. V-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homologue 2 (ETS2) is an evolutionarily conserved proto-oncogene known to be overexpressed in a variety of human cancers including CRC. In thespresent tudy, we investigated the association between CELF1 and ETS2 in CRC tumorigenesis and oxaliplatin (L-OHP) resistance. We found a positive correlation between the elevated expression of CELF1 and ETS2 in human CRC tissues. Overexpression of CELF1 increased CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and in a xenograft tumor growth model in vivo, and induced resistance to L-OHP. In contrast, CELF1 knockdown improved the response of CRC cells to L-OHP. Overexpression of ETS2 increased the malignant behavior of CRC cells (growth, migration, and invasion) and L-OHP resistance in vitro. Moreover, L-OHP resistance induced by CELF1 overexpression was reversed by ETS2 knockdown. The results of luciferase reporter and ribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitation assays indicated that CELF1 up-regulates ETS2 by binding to its 3′-UTR. Taken together, our findings have identified that CELF1 regulates ETS2 in a mechanism that results in CRC tumorigenesis and L-OHP resistance, and CELF1 may be a promising target for overcoming chemoresistance in CRC.
CENP-A nucleosome—a chromatin-embedded pedestal for the centromere: lessons learned from structural biology
Authors: Ali-Ahmad Ahmad , Sekulić Nikolina
Published: July 2020

The centromere is a chromosome locus that directs equal segregation of chromosomes during cell division. A nucleosome containing the histone H3 variant CENP-A epigenetically defines the centromere. Here, we summarize findings from recent structural biology studies, including several CryoEM structures, that contributed to elucidate specific features of the CENP-A nucleosome and molecular determinants of its interactions with CENP-C and CENP-N, the only two centromere proteins that directly bind to it. Based on those findings, we propose a role of the CENP-A nucleosome in the organization of centromeric chromatin beyond binding centromeric proteins.
Attribute reduction based on improving DIT in interval‐valued ordered information system
Authors: Yang Lei , Zhang Xiaoyan , Xu Weihua , Sang Binbin
Published: July 2020

Traditional attribute reduction based on discernibility information tree (DIT) is proposed under the equivalence relation, which effectively realises the compression and storage of discernible matrix. However, it has not been studied whether it is applicable under the dominant relation. In this study, under the background of an interval‐valued ordered information system, the improved DIT (IDIT) based on a discernible matrix is constructed by combining the core attributes and attribute significance. Furthermore, the compressed storage of the discernible matrix is realised. Moreover, only one reduction of the information system can be found through traditional DIT. By changing the ranking order of attributes in the information system, this study finds all reductions in the interval‐valued ordered information system by the IDIT.
Balancing large margin nearest neighbours for imbalanced data
Authors: Zhang Xiaotian , Han Nan , Qiao Shaojie , Zhang Yongqing , Huang Ping , Peng Jing , Zhou Kai , Yuan Chang‐an
Published: July 2020

It is critical to learn and obtain a good distance metric that can precisely measure the distance between samples in imbalanced data. However, traditional metric learning algorithms, e.g. large margin nearest neighbour (LMNN), information‐theoretic metric learning, neighbourhood component analysis, do not take imbalanced distributions of classes into consideration. The traditional methods are apt to be affected by the majority samples, so those important minority samples are often ignored during the learning phase of distance metrics matrix, this may gravely confuse decision‐making systems on classifying samples. In order to resolve this problem, the authors propose a novel metric‐learning method named balancing large margin nearest neighbour (BLMNN) for imbalanced data. BLMNN can improve the objective function according to the distribution of classes, which treats the minority and majority classes equally during the optimisation process. Thus, the contribution of minority class is taken into full consideration, which can greatly improve the accuracy of classification. Substantial experiments were performed on real‐world imbalanced datasets. The experiments results in various evaluation indexes of the proposed method comparing it with other metric‐learning methods show the advantages of the proposed method.
Adversarial semi‐supervised learning method for printed circuit board unknown defect detection
Authors: Shi Wei , Zhang Linlin , Li Yihui , Liu Hong
Published: July 2020

Due to the lack of training data and fuzziness of unknown defects, unknown defect detection, which aims to identify no clearly defined defects, is still a challenging task. In practical industrial scenarios, defects on a printed circuit board account generally for a small proportion, so the data sets are highly biased towards no defect class. To this end, unknown defect detection can be treated as an anomaly detection problem. According to this, a semi‐supervised learning method is proposed in this study to solve the above‐mentioned problems. Inspired by the conditional generative adversarial network, the authors propose an improved end‐to‐end architecture for detecting unknown defects. The designed architecture is composed of three networks: a generator, a discriminator, and an encoder. Among them, the generator and the discriminator are trained by competing with each other, while collaborating to learn the distribution of underlying concepts in the target class. During training, the authors only train normal samples, and unknown defects do not appear in the process. In the testing phase, unknown defects are detected by calculating the distance between generated samples and real samples under the feature space. Experimental results over several benchmark data sets show the effectiveness of the model and superiority on state‐of‐the‐art approaches.
Kinematic constraints beyond z ≃ 0 using calibrated GRB correlations
Authors: Luongo Orlando , Muccino Marco
Published: July 2020

Context. The dynamics of the Universe are revised using high-redshift data from gamma-ray bursts to constrain cosmographic parameters by means of model-independent techniques.

Aims. Considering samples from four gamma-ray burst correlations and two hierarchies up to j0 and s0, respectively, we derived limits over the expansion history of the Universe. Since cosmic data span outside z ≃ 0, we investigated additional cosmographic methods such as auxiliary variables and Padé approximations

Methods. Beziér polynomials were employed to calibrate our correlations and heal the circularity problem. Several Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations were performed on the model-independently calibrated Amati, Ghirlanda, Yonetoku, and combo correlations to obtain 1 − σ and 2 − σ confidence levels and to test the standard cosmological model.

Results. Reasonable results are found up to j0 and s0 hierarchies, respectively, only partially alleviating the tension on local H0 measurements as j0 hierarchy is considered. Discussions on systematic errors have been extensively reported here.

Conclusions. Our findings show that the ΛCDM model is not fully confirmed using gamma-ray bursts. Indications against a genuine cosmological constant are summarized and commented on in detail.
Game Running Performance and Fitness in Women’s Futsal
Authors: Palucci Vieira Luiz Henrique , Arins Francimara Budal , Guglielmo Luiz Guilherme Antonacci , de Lucas Ricardo Dantas , Carminatti Lorival José , Santiago Paulo Roberto Pereira
Published: July 2020

The study aimed to verify possible associations between game-play running
performance and outcomes derived from fitness (running) tests in female futsal
players. Sixteen women professional elite futsal players from a 1st
division league team (19.2±2 years-old, 4.3±2.1 years of
experience) participated. Firstly, a graded incremental treadmill test was
adopted to determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Following
72 h of laboratory protocol, players were asked to perform a
repeated-sprint test on a court (8×40 m with two 180°
change-of-directions). Twenty-four hours after, players participated in a
one-off friendly game (two 20-min half-times). A computerized automatic image
recognition software (DVIDEOW; 30 Hz) allowed to determine game running
performance variables. Fatigue index and best time in the court test and
VO2max and its attached speed derived from laboratory-based test
showed significant moderate-to-moderately high correlations
(r=− 0.59–0.76; p<0.05) with some game
running performance outputs, notably related to high-intensity running. In
conclusion, the present study provided initial evidence on associations between
two fitness tests and one-off game running performance in female futsal.
Information derived from the work potentially help conditioning professionals
working with female futsal athletes gain awareness about some properties of
common testing tools.
Das Bedürfnis nach Selbstbestimmung
Authors: Hößl Irene
Published: July 2020

Ein gutes Gehalt ist für Mitarbeiter zwar wichtig. Aber: Motivation ist nicht käuflich, wie die Gallup-Studie zeigt. Fünfmal wichtiger als das Gehalt sei es, das tun zu dürfen, was man richtig gut kann.
Catalytic Asymmetric Domino Michael/Annulation Reaction of Bifunctional Chromone Synthons with β,γ-Unsaturated α-Keto Esters: Rapid Access to Polysubstituted Spirocyclic Hexahydroxanthones
Authors: Liu Xiong-Li , Zhou Ying , Zhou Hao-Jie , Zhou Wei , Tian You-Ping , Wang Jun-Xin
Published: July 2020

A thiourea-catalyzed asymmetric domino Michael/annulation process was devised employing bifunctional oxindole-chromones as C4 synthons and β,γ-unsaturated α-keto esters as C2 synthons. This reaction enables the highly diastereo- and enantioselective synthesis of a range of biologically relevant spirocyclic hexahydroxanthones with one quaternary and four tertiary stereogenic centers, also featuring an intriguing combination of two privileged motifs, including hexahydroxanthone and oxindole substructures, in good yields (up to 76%) and excellent stereoselectivities (up to >99% ee and >20:1 dr). Moreover, using β,γ-unsaturated α-keto esters as the C2 building blocks, which are different from enone substrates such as chalcone and benzalacetone, with the reversible Michael reaction further expanded the scope of the method. In addition, scale-up also demonstrated the applicability of this protocol.
Lateral Condyle Fracture of the Humerus in Children: Kirschner Wire or Screw Fixation?
Authors: Wendling-Keim Danielle S. , Teschemacher Sandra , Dietz Hans-Georg , Lehner Markus
Published: July 2020

Introduction The treatment of the displaced fracture of the lateral condyle of the distal humerus in children aims not only to avoid nonunion, malalignment, and impairment of the range of motion of the elbow but also to prevent delayed healing and the development of any prearthrotic deformity. To date there is no agreement on what kind of osteosynthesis should be used. So far, the screw fixation and Kirschner wire fixation have both been applied. Therefore, the goal of this study was to compare the outcome of these two methods.

Materials and Methods A retrospective cohort study was undertaken including 43 patients aged 2 to 13 years who underwent osteosynthesis for a condylar fracture of the humerus over a period of 10 years. The electronic archive, including the radiological diagnostics, was analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0. Statistical significance was set at an α level of p = 0.05.

Results Kirschner wire fixation was performed in 48.9% of condylar fractures of the humerus while screw fixation (alone or in combination with a pin) was assessed with a percentage of 51.1% of the cases in this study. Screw fixation only was applied in 20.9% of fractures of the lateral condyle. The selection of the method was independent of the age of the patient (p = 0.2). The comparison of the rate of complications and an impaired range of motion after Kirschner wire osteosynthesis to the rate after screw osteosynthesis showed a significantly lower percentage for the Kirschner wire group (p = 0.046). No case of nonunion, nerve palsy, or pin migration was detected in any patient in this study.

Conclusion Kirschner wire fixation of condylar humeral fractures in children resulted in a lower rate of complications than screw fixation. No case of nonunion of the fracture was found in the patients that we investigated so that we conclude that Kirschner wires sufficiently adapt the fracture in these cases.

Level of Evidence Level III.
How to measure bank credit risk disclosure? Testing a new methodological approach based on the content analysis framework
Authors: Scannella Enzo , Polizzi Salvatore
Published: July 2020

Risk disclosure is a crucial factor in enhancing the efficiency of financial markets and promoting financial stability. This paper proposes a methodological tool to analyze credit risk disclosure in bank financial reports, based on the content analysis framework. The authors also uses this methodology to carry out an empirical study on a small sample of large Italian banks. The paper provides preliminary empirical evidence that banks differ in their credit risk disclosure, even though they are subject to homogeneous regulatory and accounting requirements. Furthermore, by carrying out a correlation-based network analysis, the paper provides preliminary evidence on the existence of a relationship between credit risk disclosure, bank size, and business model. The existing literature has not provided any methodological tool to analyze qualitative and quantitative profiles of bank credit risk disclosure. In order to fill this gap, we propose an original research methodology to investigate bank credit risk reporting. While previous contributions have examined related aspects adopting automated content analysis techniques, this paper proposes an original and non-automated content analysis approach. Our research has several regulatory and strategic implications and lays the foundation for further research in banking, finance, and accounting.
Massively Parallel Quantum Chemistry: A high-performance research platform for electronic structure
Authors: Peng Chong , Lewis Cannada A. , Wang Xiao , Clement Marjory C. , Pierce Karl , Rishi Varun , Pavošević Fabijan , Slattery Samuel , Zhang Jinmei , Teke Nakul , Kumar Ashutosh , Masteran Conner , Asadchev Andrey , Calvin Justus A. , Valeev Edward F.
Published: July 2020

The Massively Parallel Quantum Chemistry (MPQC) program is a 30-year-old project that enables facile development of electronic structure methods for molecules for efficient deployment to massively parallel computing architectures. Here, we describe the historical evolution of MPQC’s design into its latest (fourth) version, the capabilities and modular architecture of today’s MPQC, and how MPQC facilitates rapid composition of new methods as well as its state-of-the-art performance on a variety of commodity and high-end distributed-memory computer platforms.
Predicting phase and sensing phase coherence in chaotic systems with machine learning
Authors: Zhang Chun , Jiang Junjie , Qu Shi-Xian , Lai Ying-Cheng
Published: July 2020

Recent interest in exploiting machine learning for model-free prediction of chaotic systems focused on the time evolution of the dynamical variables of the system as a whole, which include both amplitude and phase. In particular, in the framework based on reservoir computing, the prediction horizon as determined by the largest Lyapunov exponent is often short, typically about five or six Lyapunov times that contain approximately equal number of oscillation cycles of the system. There are situations in the real world where the phase information is important, such as the ups and downs of species populations in ecology, the polarity of a voltage variable in an electronic circuit, and the concentration of certain chemical above or below the average. Using classic chaotic oscillators and a chaotic food-web system from ecology as examples, we demonstrate that reservoir computing can be exploited for long-term prediction of the phase of chaotic oscillators. The typical prediction horizon can be orders of magnitude longer than that with predicting the entire variable, for which we provide a physical understanding. We also demonstrate that a properly designed reservoir computing machine can reliably sense phase synchronization between a pair of coupled chaotic oscillators with implications to the design of the parallel reservoir scheme for predicting large chaotic systems.
Tunable graphene–dielectric metasurfaces for terahertz all-optical modulation
Authors: Bahadori-Haghighi Shahram , Ghayour Rahim , Zarifkar Abbas
Published: July 2020

In this paper, two graphene-based all-optical terahertz (THz) modulators are proposed. The operations of the structures are based on high quality factor (Q-factor) resonances in graphene–dielectric metasurfaces. The first modulator is a polarization-dependent metasurface where a sharp resonance is originated from the effect of electromagnetically induced transparency. The structure is analyzed using the finite element method. The modulation is performed by photoexcitation of carriers in graphene by infrared optical pumping. Interestingly, owing to the stimulated emission of THz photons, a high transmission change of more than 120% and a high modulation depth of 93% at the frequency of 5 THz are obtained. The second structure is a polarization-independent modulator that operates based on a high Q-factor Fano resonance in asymmetric dielectric disks. It is presented that a high modulation depth of 98% is achieved. The required optical intensity for both structures is calculated to be as low as 7.35 W/cm2. As the proposed graphene-based metasurfaces are optically tunable, they are promising for the realization of fast and efficient spatial THz modulation.
Design and growth of short-period long wavelength infrared InAsSb/InAsSb superlattices on lattice engineered metamorphic buffers
Authors: Haugan H. J. , Ciani A. J. , Grein C. H. , Mahalingam K.
Published: July 2020

There has been steady effort to advance Ga-free InAs1−xSbx/InAs1−ySby superlattice (SL) materials for long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) detector applications. Although Ga-free SLs grown pseudomorphically on GaSb wafers work well in mid-wavelength applications, most LWIR Ga-free SL designs suffer from relatively low optical absorption and poor hole transport. One of the main problems in using the Ga-free material system for LWIR applications is a tremendous constraint on band engineering imposed by matching the SL lattice parameter to the lattice constant of conventional GaSb substrates. In this work, we propose several lattice engineered short-period LWIR InAs1−xSbx/InAs1−ySby SL designs that can enhance optical absorption and vertical hole mobility at an 11 μm cutoff wavelength. We also performed test growths of the designed structures on lattice-matched homogeneous buffer layers on GaAs wafers.
Switchable directional sound emission with improved field confinement based on topological insulators
Authors: Song Ailing , Li Junfei , Shen Chen , Chen Tianning , Cummer Steven A.
Published: July 2020

Directional sound emission and reception are important in many practical applications, such as acoustic imaging, communications, and structural health monitoring. In this Letter, we propose and demonstrate an acoustic antenna for realizing switchable directional sound emission with improved field confinement. We construct the antennas with two rotatable phononic crystals to form different zigzag and armchair interfaces, then numerically and experimentally investigate their radiation performance. The simulated and measured sound pressure fields are in good agreement, which shows that the valley-projected edge states are excited with angular selectivity at the interfaces and then directionally radiate in different directions for different interfaces. In addition, the far-field radiation patterns of the proposed antennas clearly illustrate improved confinement of acoustic energy along the radiation directions, which can be attributed to the double C3 symmetry of the snowflake-like scatterers employed to construct the antennas. Our proposed antenna greatly enriches the functionalities of topological insulators and provides a practical method to design acoustic devices with switchable and improved directional emission.
Deep ultraviolet hyperspectral cryomicroscopy in boron nitride: Photoluminescence in crystals with an ultra-low defect density
Authors: Valvin Pierre , Pelini Thomas , Cassabois Guillaume , Zobelli Alberto , Li Jiahan , Edgar James H. , Gil Bernard
Published: July 2020

We report the development of a scanning confocal microscope dedicated to photoluminescence in the 200 nm-wavelength range for samples at cryogenic temperatures (5 K–300 K). We demonstrate the performances of our deep ultraviolet cryomicroscope in high-quality hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) crystals, although it can be utilized for biological studies in its range of operating wavelengths. From the mapping of photoluminescence, we bring evidence for the suppression of extrinsic recombination channels in regions free from defects. The observation of emission spectra dominated by intrinsic recombination processes was never reported before in hBN by means of photoluminescence spectroscopy. We show that photoluminescence tomography now competes with cathodoluminescence and that deep ultraviolet cryomicroscopy by photoluminescence is a novel powerful tool in materials science applications, with the great advantage of an efficient non-invasive photo-excitation of carriers.
SOS1 interacts with Grb2 through regions that induce closed nSH3 conformations
Authors: Liao Tsung-Jen , Jang Hyunbum , Fushman David , Nussinov Ruth
Published: July 2020

Grb2 is an adaptor protein connecting the epidermal growth factor receptor and the downstream Son of sevenless 1 (SOS1), a Ras-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor (RasGEF), which exchanges GDP by GTP. Grb2 contains three SH domains: N-terminal SH3 (nSH3), SH2, and C-terminal SH3 (cSH3). The C-terminal proline-rich (PR) domain of SOS1 regulates nSH3 open/closed conformations. Earlier, several nSH3 binding motifs were identified in the PR domain. More recently, we characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and replica exchange simulations possible cSH3 binding regions. Among them, we discovered a cSH3-specific binding region. However, how PR binding at these sites regulates the nSH3/cSH3 conformation has been unclear. Here, we explore the nSH3/cSH3 interaction with linked and truncated PR segments using molecular dynamics simulations. Our 248 μs simulations include 620 distinct trajectories, each 400 ns. We construct the effective free energy landscape to validate the nSH3/cSH3 binding sites. The nSH3/cSH3–SOS1 peptide complex models indicate that strong peptide binders attract the flexible nSH3 n-Src loop, inducing a closed conformation of nSH3; by contrast, the cSH3 conformation remains unchanged. Inhibitors that disrupt the Ras–SOS1 interaction have been designed; the conformational details uncovered here may assist in the design of polypeptides inhibiting Grb2–SOS1 interaction, thus SOS1 recruitment to the membrane where Ras resides.
Complex coupling coefficient in laterally coupled microcavity laser diode arrays
Authors: Dave Harshil , Gao Zihe , Choquette Kent
Published: July 2020

The complex component of the coupling coefficient κ=κr+iκi, used to describe the coupling between adjacent semiconductor microcavity laser diodes, is studied. The complex component κi represents the gain or loss difference between the coherent in-phase and out-of-phase array supermodes obtained from two laterally coupled lasers. Steady-state analysis reveals that the threshold of the preferred coherent supermode is lower than that of an individual laser mode in proportion to κi. We show that the complex component κi can be experimentally extracted from a simple output power vs current measurement. Furthermore, the change in the lasing threshold at the onset of optical coupling perturbs the differential resistance of the coupled lasers. Therefore, an electrical signature of optical coupling can be detected in the diode array series resistance.
Proposed existence of acceptor-like traps at positive polarization interfaces in p-type III-nitride semiconductors
Authors: Krishna Athith , Raj Aditya , Hatui Nirupam , Sayed Islam , Keller Stacia , Mishra Umesh K.
Published: July 2020

We propose the existence of an acceptor-like trap at positive polarization interfaces in p-type III-nitride semiconductor heterostructures, using N-polar p-type GaN/AlN/AlGaN superlattices as a demonstration platform. Metal Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy was used to grow all samples, with a p-type modulation doping scheme using Mg as the dopant. The samples were characterized using x-ray diffraction and room-temperature Hall measurements, and energy band-diagram simulations were carried out using STR FETIS® and Silvaco packages. For higher doped samples (Mg > 1.5 × 1019 cm−3) with thinner AlN interlayers (≤0.7 nm), the total sheet charge measured using Hall measurements agreed with the value observed in standard simulations without invoking any traps, whereas for lower doped samples (Mg < 1.5 × 1019 cm−3) and those with thicker AlN interlayers (≥ 0.7 nm), the measured charge was very high compared to the value obtained from simulations and higher than the Mg doping in the films. The higher charge was attributed to the existence of an acceptor trap at positive polarization interfaces, which became ionized at lower doping and/or at higher AlN thicknesses. A consistent ionization energy of the trap was obtained by comparing the energy band diagram with and without acceptor traps with the experimental results. This work also elucidates the source of charge balance in p-type samples with insufficient or no Mg doping.
Fluorescent digital image correlation applied for macroscale deformation measurement
Authors: Dong Bo , Li Chenzhuo , Pan Bing
Published: July 2020

Fluorescent digital image correlation (DIC) has been implemented on monocular and binocular fluorescence microscopes for shape and deformation measurements at the microscale and even the nanoscale by tracking fluorescent particles. This technique, however, has not been used with regular optical imaging systems for DIC measurements at the macroscale so far. In this Letter, by combining the photoluminescence nature of fluorescent materials and bandpass filtering imaging, we discover that fluorescent DIC also features some distinct advantages in macroscale characterizations, e.g., specular reflection elimination, high speckle contrast, and the capability to simultaneously observe superficial/internal surfaces of transparent structures. To show these advantages and reveal the potential applications of fluorescent DIC, comparative experiments, including shape, displacement, and deformation measurements, were carried out. Furthermore, some issues accompanied by employing fluorescent imaging in DIC were discussed. This study indicates that upgrading classic DIC to fluorescent DIC can significantly improve its performance, enhance its functions, and expand its applications without introducing additional problems.
The optic nerve lamina region is a neural progenitor cell niche
Authors: Bernstein S. L. , Guo Y. , Kerr C. , Fawcett R. J. , Stern J. H. , Temple S. , Mehrabian Z.
Published: July 2020

Significance

The optic nerve lamina region (ONLR) transitions between the eye and optic nerve (ON) and is the primary damage site in the age-related disease open angle glaucoma (OAG). The ONLR inhibits intraocular myelination and enables postnatal ON myelination of growing retinal ganglion cell axons. We show that the ONLR contains an adult neural progenitor cell (NPC) niche capable of generating all macroglial cell types for the anterior ON. Early ONLR-NPC loss causes regional dysfunction and myelination defects. Age-related depletion may help explain development of ON diseases such as OAG.
Seismic refraction tracks porosity generation and possible CO
2
production at depth under a headwater catchment
Authors: Gu Xin , Mavko Gary , Ma Lisa , Oakley David , Accardo Natalie , Carr Bradley J. , Nyblade Andrew A. , Brantley Susan L.
Published: July 2020

Significance

To understand groundwater in weathered bedrock aquifers, we explore (bio)geochemical reactions using geophysical measurements. The result leads to a conceptual model for the three-dimensional distribution of geochemical alteration in the subsurface—well beyond the typical approach of inferring (bio)geochemical reactions in the subsurface from pits, boreholes, and outcrops. With this geophysical technique we discovered the prevalence of gas beneath the water table at this site. This geophysical viewing of the subsurface highlights patterns of water movement, reactions of clays, and microbial and abiotic gas-producing reactions recorded in the subsurface and thus illuminates storage, flow, and reactions of groundwater in bedrock systems. Protecting the groundwater resource beneath our feet will rely on such enhanced capacities to see into the subsurface.
Haplotype networks of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the
Diamond Princess
cruise ship outbreak
Authors: Sekizuka Tsuyoshi , Itokawa Kentaro , Kageyama Tsutomu , Saito Shinji , Takayama Ikuyo , Asanuma Hideki , Nao Naganori , Tanaka Rina , Hashino Masanori , Takahashi Takuri , Kamiya Hajime , Yamagishi Takuya , Kakimoto Kensaku , Suzuki Motoi , Hasegawa Hideki , Wakita Takaji , Kuroda Makoto
Published: July 2020

Significance

On February 5, 2020, the
Diamond Princess
cruise ship was put under quarantine offshore Yokohama, Japan, after a passenger who disembarked in Hong Kong was confirmed to have coronavirus disease 2019. Whole-genome sequencing of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and a network/phylogeny analysis of the outbreak suggested that there was a single introduction of SARS-CoV-2, which disseminated among passengers on the ship through possible mass-gathering events in the recreational areas. These findings provide information useful for preventing future outbreaks on cruise ships and emphasize the importance of genome-based network/phylogeny analysis to elucidate possible transmission routes in outbreak situations.
Spatial and morphological reorganization of endosymbiosis during metamorphosis accommodates adult metabolic requirements in a weevil
Authors: Maire Justin , Parisot Nicolas , Galvao Ferrarini Mariana , Vallier Agnès , Gillet Benjamin , Hughes Sandrine , Balmand Séverine , Vincent-Monégat Carole , Zaidman-Rémy Anna , Heddi Abdelaziz
Published: July 2020

Significance

Virtually all animals are associated with symbiotic bacteria. How these associations are modulated across an animal’s life cycle is a key question in understanding animal–bacteria interactions, particularly in organisms that undergo metamorphosis during development. Here, we used the cereal weevil to show how symbiosis is reorganized during metamorphosis, a developmental process entailing drastic tissue rearrangements. In this insect, symbionts are housed within specialized host cells, the bacteriocytes, that form the bacteriome tissue. We show that the bacteriome is completely remodeled during metamorphosis through host–symbiont communication, involving adhesion and motility host proteins and a temporary symbiont infectious behavior. This interkingdom dialogue results in the adaptation of the bacteriome to adulthood, highlighting the intertwining of symbiosis with host development.