bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dual Inhibition of Mast Cells and Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin Using a Novel Bispecific Antibody, CDX‐622
Authors: Murphy Michael B. , Vitale Laura , O'Neill Thomas , Maurer Deena M. , Malenchek Linda , Crocker Andrea , Patterson Colleen , Mills‐Chen Laura , Saley Virginia , Antczak Nicole M. , Boyer James M. , McManus Kelly M. , Montanari Noe Rico , Hammond Russell A. , Goldstein Joel , Thomas Lawrence J. , Keler Tibor , Alvarado Diego
Published: February 2025

Background

Mast cells (MCs) respond to an array of allergens that drive allergic and inflammatory diseases. Stem cell factor (SCF), the ligand for the receptor KIT, is required for MC survival and function. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an alarmin that promotes Type 2 inflammation in asthma and other inflammatory diseases. We describe CDX‐622, a bispecific antibody (bsAb), that targets both SCF and TSLP to neutralize these distinct cytokines.

Methods

The bsAb CDX‐622 was developed from novel antagonist monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to SCF (SCF‐12) and TSLP (1D10). CDX‐622 encodes the full‐length 1D10 mAb and the single‐chain variable fragment of SCF‐12, linked to the C‐terminus of the 1D10 heavy chain. CDX‐622 was modified to prevent Fcγ receptor interactions and enhance FcRn binding. CDX‐622 was tested using in vitro assays of MC and dendritic cell (DC) activation, an ex vivo human skin model, and in vivo studies in nonhuman primates.

Results

Novel SCF and TSLP mAbs with neutralizing activity were generated. The bsAb CDX‐622 potently inhibited SCF‐driven MC degranulation and TSLP‐mediated CCL17 release by DCs. In human skin samples treated with SCF and TSLP, CDX‐622 markedly reduced proinflammatory, MC, and DC‐related RNA signatures. Additionally, CDX‐622 and SCF‐12 mAb administered to cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) had a profound effect on MCs without any observed toxicity.

Conclusions

CDX‐622 is a potent inhibitor of MCs through the neutralization of SCF and effectively blocks Type 2 inflammatory responses driven by TSLP. Dual inhibition of these cytokines may lead to improved clinical outcomes in certain inflammatory disorders.
Ethical Biobanking in Extremely Preterm Infants: Lessons From the EPITOP Study
Authors: Sjöbom Ulrika , Isaksson Jenny , Wickelgren Ruth , Vallin Liv , Nilsson Anders K. , Hellström Ann , Sävman Karin , Löfqvist Chatarina
Published: February 2025

Aim

The Extremely Preterm Infant Target Optimise and Prevent (EPITOP) study aimed to develop an ethical and practical approach to biobanking salvaged residual blood samples from extremely preterm infants (< 28 weeks gestational age, GA) for biomarker research while minimising clinical risks and addressing ethical concerns.

Methods

Initiated in collaboration with Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Biobank Väst, Region Västra Götaland, Sweden, residual blood samples were collected from infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from March 2020 to March 2024. Samples were ethically salvaged and biobanked following parental consent and in compliance with Sweden's Biobank Act.

Results

Among 215 eligible infants (mean (GA) 25.4 weeks), 122 consents enabled the collection of 4238 residual samples, of which 92.5% were from blood gas analyses. Sample collection was highest during the first weeks of life, with a median of 35 samples per infant. A higher number of morbidities and lower GA were both associated with an increase in sample numbers. Plasma and whole blood aliquots were prepared and stored for future biomarker studies.

Conclusion

The EPITOP study demonstrates the feasibility of ethically biobanking salvaged residual blood samples from extremely preterm infants. This approach minimises clinical risks while supporting biomarker discovery, providing a scalable model for neonatal research.
Ecological Resilience in a Primate Community Affected by Gold Mining in Suriname
Authors: Norconk Marilyn , Thompson Cynthia L. , Vreedzaam Arioené , Atsalis Sylvia , Ledogar Justin A. , Landburg Chantal , Wright Barth W.
Published: February 2025

Tropical habitats in South America and Africa are being transformed by artisanal gold mining, but few studies have addressed how mining impacts animals at the community level. We assessed the long‐term ecological resilience to mining disturbance for seven primate species (Allouatta macconnelli,
Ateles paniscus
,
Cebus olivaceus
,
Chiropotes sagulatus
,
Pithecia pithecia
,
Saguinus midas
, and
Sapajus apella
) in the Brownsberg Nature Park, Suriname over a 20‐year period. Using 11 trails and unpaved roads to calculate “encounter rates” (species encountered/km walked), we compared the encounter frequency, encounter location, and group size across four community‐wide surveys in 2003, 2013, 2014, and 2023. We hypothesized that the primate response to gold mining would (1) affect species encounter rates, (2) shift the location of encounters relative to mining activity, and (3) impact group sizes. Intraspecific variation in encounter rates from 2003 to 2023 did not vary significantly, but minimum group sizes declined for all species (four species showing significant declines). The three more recent surveys also showed that two species were encountered in areas close to the top of the mountain. We suggest that in the context of intensified mining, the Brownsberg primate community maintained stable encounter rates for all species and some species shifted their ranges, as evidenced by higher encounter rates farther from the periphery of the study area. While this suggests a capacity for resilience in the face of mining‐related disturbances, the decline in group sizes may be an early sign of an insidious community‐wide effect.
Significant genetic differentiation between native and introduced farmed Burmese pythons and low risk of genetic introgression from escaped farmed individuals in Hainan Island
Authors: Qing Jiao , Zhai Xiaofei , Yu Shaopeng , Tu Feiyun , Wang Tongliang , Wang Jichao
Published: February 2025

The Burmese python (Python bivittatus) is one of the most endangered pythons and is commonly traded in the international pet industry. In addition to wild P. bivittatus, domesticated individuals from farms have been living on Hainan Island for nearly 20 years. The intentional release or accidental escape of farmed P. bivittatus may lead to risks, such as genetic introgression or competition for space and food, owing to the genetic differences between the two populations and limited resources. Our objective was to better understand the genetic background of P. bivittatus and genetic introgression between native and introduced farmed populations. We conducted mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequencing (138 specimens) and whole‐genome resequencing (110 specimens) of P. bivittatus from farm and wild populations on Hainan Island. Genetic analysis suggested two highly differentiated clusters (VN and HN clades), Fst = 0.22. The HN clade included samples that originated from southern China and Hainan and represented native individuals of Hainan Island, whereas the VN clade most likely originated from Vietnam, as expected based on the Vietnamese origin of the farm. The results of ADMIXTURE analysis indicated three possible genetic components, one of which can be viewed as the VN clade, and the remaining two genetic components both belong to the HN clade. We identified a small number of shared haplotypes between the farmed and wild populations, indicating that both farmed and wild samples included individuals from VN and HN clades. In addition, only one F1 generation hybrid individual between the two clades was found, suggestive of low gene flow. Thus, the probability of genetic introgression between HN and VN clades is low and poses a low threat to the genetic integrity of the native P. bivittatus on Hainan Island; however, we cannot underestimate the risk of escaped individuals, which should be closely monitored.
A Theology of Inevitable Climate Change
Authors: Sollereder Bethany
Published: February 2025

This paper takes as its premise that climate change is now inevitable. From that beginning, it starts to work out how we can think about hope, environmental work, and pragmatic responses in light of theology and ecological science. Drawing on the resources of paleoclimate and restoration ecology, this paper offers theologically inspired pragmatic suggestions around migration, systemic change, and personal responsibility. It ends exploring the notion of hope in light of our failure to prevent climate change.
Eating and drinking abilities and respiratory and oral health in children and young adults with cerebral palsy
Authors: Sorhage Alexandra , Blackmore A. Marie , Byrnes Catherine A. , Agnew Caitlin , Webster Emily F. M. , Mackey Anna , Chong Jimmy , Hill Timothy M. , Han Dug Yeo , Stott Ngaire Susan
Published: February 2025

Aim

To investigate the potential risk factors of respiratory illness (ethnicity, oral health, and eating and drinking ability) in children and young adults with cerebral palsy (CP).

Method

This was an observational study using a validated CP Respiratory and Oral Health questionnaire with 90 participants (median age 12 years [range: 1–26 years]; 51 males; and 26 New Zealand Māori).

Results

Multivariate analysis, accounting for ethnicity and Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels, showed that those participants who were classified in Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System (EDACS) levels III to V reported more previous respiratory disease episodes (odds ratio [OR] = 4.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12–15.2, p = 0.033), increased daily/weekly respiratory symptoms (OR = 9.14, 95% CI = 2.03–41.2, p = 0.004), and increased mealtime respiratory symptoms (OR = 13.8, 95% CI = 2.48–76.8, p = 0.002). Both EDACS levels III to V and GMFCS levels IV and V were independently associated with increased propensity to reflux or seizures (OR = 8.16, 95% CI = 1.77–37.5, p = 0.007; OR = 3.37, 95% CI = 1.09–10.4, p < 0.034). Mealtime symptoms of vomiting or regurgitation (relative risk = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.17–2.13, p = 0.032) and daily coughing (relative risk = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.14–2.11, p = 0.023) were associated with a higher risk of reporting one or more oral health symptoms. Toothache was more common in participants classified in EDACS levels III to V (χ2, p = 0.021).

Interpretation

Children with CP classified in EDACS levels III to V are at a higher risk of respiratory disease and toothache and should be screened appropriately. Regurgitation or vomiting of food and daily coughing are linked with poorer oral health.
Influence of Physical Activity on the Occurrence of Traumatic Dental Injuries in Primary Dentition: A Cohort Study in Southern Brazil
Authors: López Muriel Denisse Rivera , Cademartori Mariana Gonzalez , Goettems Marília Leão , Demarco Flávio Fernando , Hallal Pedro Curi , da Costa Vanessa Polina Pereira
Published: February 2025

Objective

To verify the association between physical activity (PA) and prevalence and severity of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) in 4‐year‐old children.

Methods

A cohort study was conducted involving all children born in 2015 in Pelotas, Brazil. During the 4‐year follow‐up period, mothers answered a questionnaire regarding their child's health and demographic characteristics. All children underwent a clinical examination to assess their oral health, including TDIs, classified as per the United Kingdom Children's Dental Health Survey criteria and Glendor's classification for injury severity. PA levels were measured using an accelerometer and maternal perceptions.

Results

The prevalence of TDI was 14.5% and 85.5% for complicated and uncomplicated TDIs, respectively. The cohort comprised 50.5% boys and 49.5% girls, with a higher TDI prevalence observed in boys (22.4%) than in girls (17.9%) (p = 0.001). Furthermore, boys exhibited more severe TDIs (p < 0.001). No association was observed between PA and the prevalence of TDIs in the overall cohort. However, a trend toward an increase in the severity of complicated trauma (TDI) with higher levels of PA was observed. In particular, children in the higher tertile had a higher proportion of severe TDIs compared to those in the lower PA tertile (relative risk [RR]: 2.42; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.34–4.36). Moreover, children whose mothers considered them more active than their counterparts were more likely to have complicated TDIs (RR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.06–2.20).

Conclusion

We found an association between the severity of TDIs and increased PA. To avoid TDIs, a safer environment for PA should be provided.
Evaluation of Nursing Students' Knowledge on Dental Injuries
Authors: Akgül Nilgün , Yilmaz Ebru , Akkurt Onur
Published: February 2025

Background/Aims

Emergency department visits for dental issues are mainly related to traumatic injuries. Knowledge of emergency department staff regarding diagnosis and treatment of dentofacial injuries is quite significant for prognosis of teeth and peripheral tissues. The aim of this study is to assess attitude, knowledge, education and self‐confidence of undergraduate nursing students, who will work at emergency departments in the future, regarding diagnosis and treatment of dental traumatic injuries.

Materials and Methods

This survey was prepared by modifying questions of the previous survey that had been internationally published. It was a face‐to‐face survey consisting of 15 questions regarding management of the dental traumas. Questions addressing participants' genders and year of study were added to the survey form. The survey was distributed to 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th‐year undergraduate nursing students. Analysis results were presented in the form of frequencies. Pearson's chi‐squared test and the Fisher–Freeman–Halton test were used for analysis of the categorical data. Multiple comparisons were made using the Bonferroni‐correction Z test. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results

The survey was responded by a total of 297 participants, including 47 men and 250 women. Participants consisted of 35.4% first‐year, 28.6% second‐year, 15.5% third‐year, and 20.5% fourth‐year nursing students. The third‐year undergraduate students believed that they had adequate knowledge, and they were also the group that most strongly supported for administration of tetanus vaccine (p < 0.05). No significant difference was observed among nursing students regarding other topics. Students' knowledge and awareness levels respecting particularly avulsion injuries were found to be inadequate regardless of their year of study.

Conclusions

Knowledge of most undergraduate nursing students regarding diagnosis and treatment of dentofacial traumatic injuries were insufficient. An additional education is required for students during and after their formal education to manage dental traumas following graduation.
Learning by Concordance as a Tool for Paediatric Dental Traumatology Education
Authors: Gisèle Mainville , Hélène Buithieu , Bernard Charlin , Marion Strub
Published: February 2025

Introduction

A learning by concordance (LbC) tool including 33 vignettes was developed jointly by teachers from the Y and the University of X to train undergraduate dental students in paediatric dental traumatology. The aim of this work was to present a learning tool not yet described in the community of dental educators. The method was presented on two different electronic platforms to two groups of students. Different modalities were compared.

Methodology

International panellists were asked to detail their reasoning for resolving ambiguous or complex situations described in clinical vignettes. Two groups were approached: a first group composed of students new to LbC (Y group) and a second group that had already experienced this type of learning method (X group). The modalities of training management differed according to the groups: Y group used the Wooclap platform and responded on a 5‐modality Likert scale, while X group used Moodle and a 3‐modality Likert scale. Student volunteers were able to complete a qualitative survey about the training. The main indicator used was students' opinions and feelings about different aspects of the tool.

Results

The training was completed by 121 students, 53 of whom agreed to give their opinion on the tool. Consistent with current knowledge, we found that novices had difficulty answering a 5‐modality Likert scale because of the subtle difference between two close answers.

Conclusion

This is the first study to introduce a LbC tool in dental education and the results showed a strong interest in this type of pedagogical tool, regardless of the online platform used.
Novel PKD1 Mutation (c.G10086T) Drives High Intracranial Aneurysm Risk in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Gao Lili , Lin Min , Wu Chenghan , Liao Yuansheng , Lin Zuopeng , Yan Xiaohua , Lin Sheng , Wang Yinzhou , Chen Jing , Zheng Zhaocong , Lin Jushan , Zhang Sheng , Guan Jianhua , Qiu Yan , Liao Jilian , Wu Lihua
Published: February 2025

Background

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is frequently complicated by intracranial aneurysms (IAs). However, the genetic factors driving the elevated IA risk in ADPKD remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified a novel PKD1 mutation associated with a remarkably high IA incidence in a large Chinese ADPKD family.

Methods

We conducted whole‐exome sequencing in a three‐generation Chinese ADPKD family (n = 24) characterized by an unusually high IA prevalence. The pathogenicity of the identified PKD1 variant was validated through comprehensive functional studies, including protein localization, calcium signaling, and endothelial cell behavior analyses.

Results

We discovered a novel PKD1 mutation (c.G10086T) that co‐segregated with disease in all affected family members. Notably, 38.1% (8/21) of the mutation carriers developed IAs, a significantly higher rate than reported in general ADPKD populations (4%–11.5%). Functional studies revealed that this mutation disrupted polycystin‐1 trafficking and impaired calcium signaling, leading to endothelial dysfunction. In vitro experiments demonstrated enhanced angiogenic potential and compromised vascular integrity in cells expressing mutant PKD1.

Conclusions

The newly identified PKD1:c.G10086T mutation represents a high‐risk genetic variant for IA development in ADPKD. Our findings provide new insights into the vascular complications of ADPKD and suggest that PKD1 genotyping may help identify patients requiring intensive IA surveillance. This study supports the development of mutation‐specific screening strategies for ADPKD‐associated vascular complications.
UNDOING THE OCULAR: POETIC SENSE IN PAUL CELAN'S ‘ORTSWECHSEL’ AND ‘SPRACHGITTER’*
Authors: Chowdhury Sneha
Published: February 2025

It is impossible to leaf through any collection of Paul Celan's oeuvre without catching a glimpse of the word ‘Auge’. Apart from ‘Der Meridian’, eyes appear in the titles of his poems, within poems and indirectly through poems about visibility and invisibility. The recurrence of the word ‘Auge’ in Celan's poetry invites his reader to reflect on the significance of this image and ask how it might define his poetics. Poems that feature the word ‘Auge’ present a wide array of poetic accounts of the nature of vision. This essay considers two of them: the first, presented by poems such as ‘Auge der Zeit’ and ‘Ortswechsel’, undoes ocularcentrism, an epistemological bias that privileges vision over other senses and takes effect through its association with the power of the sun. The second, presented by Celan's poem ‘Sprachgitter’ read in close comparison with Rainer Maria Rilke's ‘Der Panther’, undoes the ocularcentric notion of being or the ontological basis of the ocular. This essay argues that rather than through the eye, poetic sense in Celan's poetry is to be found through conversation with ‘an other’.

Es ist unmöglich, eine Sammlung von Paul Celans Werken durchzublättern, ohne einen Blick auf das Wort „Auge‘‘ zu erhaschen. Abgesehen von „Der Meridian‘‘ tauchen Augen in den Titeln seiner Gedichte, innerhalb von Gedichten und indirekt in Themen über Sichtbarkeit und Unsichtbarkeit auf. Die Wiederkehr des Wortes „Auge‘‘ in Celans Gedichten lädt den Leser ein, über die Bedeutung dieses Bildes nachzudenken und zu fragen, wie es seine Poetik definieren könnte. Gedichte, in denen das Wort „Auge‘‘ vorkommt, bieten ein breites Spektrum an poetischen Darstellungen über die Natur des Sehens. In diesem Essay werden zwei davon betrachtet: Die erste, die sich in Gedichten wie „Auge der Zeit‘‘ und „Ortswechsel‘‘ findet, widerlegt den Okularzentrismus, eine erkenntnistheoretische Voreingenommenheit, die das Sehen gegenüber anderen Sinnen privilegiert und durch seine Assoziation mit der Kraft der Sonne zum Tragen kommt. Die zweite, die Celans Gedicht „Sprachgitter‘‘ im engen Vergleich zu Rainer Maria Rilkes „Der Panther‘‘ untersucht, stellt diese Assoziationen mit dem Sehen in Frage. Der Essay argumentiert, dass der poetische Sinn in Celans Gedichten im Gegensatz zum „Auge‘‘ mit einem Anderen im Gespräch ist.
Spatial and temporal trends in HIV/AIDS burden among South Asian countries from 1990 to 2021: A systematic examination of the Global Burden of Disease study 2021
Authors: Akashanand  , Khatib Mahalaqua Nazli , Serhan Hashem Abu , Jena Diptismita , PadmaPriya G. , Sharma Pawan , Soothwal Pradeep , Barwal Amit , Ravi Kumar M. , Rajput Pranchal , Jain Lara , Gaidhane Abhay M. , Bushi Ganesh , Shabil Muhammed , Mehta Rachana , Bhopte Kiran , Gupta Manika , Sah Sanjit
Published: February 2025

Background

HIV/AIDS remains a significant public health concern in South Asia, and trends in disease burden vary across the region. This study analyzed spatial and temporal trends in HIV/AIDS from 1990 to 2021 using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2021, focusing on incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability‐adjusted life‐years (DALYs).

Methods

We conducted a secondary analysis of GBD 2021 data, applying Joinpoint regression and auto‐regressive integrated moving average models to assess trends in HIV/AIDS burden across South Asian countries. We calculated metrics such as average annual percentage change (AAPC), and estimated APC (EAPC) to evaluate temporal trends.

Results

We found significant variations in HIV/AIDS trends across South Asia. India had the highest burden, with a sharp increase in DALYs between 1990 and 2000 with a percentage change (PC) of 184.09, followed by a decline (−0.73 in 2010–2021). Pakistan experienced the highest growth in DALYs and mortality (average PC 36.46; estimated PC 38.65), indicating severe ongoing public health challenges. In contrast, Nepal and Maldives showed notable reductions in both DALYs and mortality rates, reflecting successful intervention efforts. Afghanistan and Bangladesh exhibited fluctuating trends, with slight increases in the initial years followed by stabilization or modest declines. Auto‐regressive integrated moving average projections suggested a slight increase in HIV/AIDS incidence by 2031, with mortality rates expected to decline more significantly.

Conclusion

The burden of HIV/AIDS in South Asia varies significantly, with some countries achieving reductions and others, particularly Pakistan, facing rising challenges. Continued and targeted public health interventions are crucial for managing and reducing the burden of HIV/AIDS across South Asia.
Stomach content and stable isotope analysis of invasive lionfish (Pterois volitans) in the Florida Keys
Authors: Shallow Emily E. , Glaspie Cassandra N. , Polito Michael J. , Lovell Mitchell S.
Published: February 2025

The invasive red lionfish, Pterois volitans, plays a unique role in seagrass and reef ecosystems, where it functions as a top predator and competitor for both food and shelter. Given the ubiquitous distribution of lionfish in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean basins, their species provides an excellent opportunity to understand how an invasive predator's diet and primary energy pathways change as a function of size and habitat type. To investigate these patterns, we studied lionfish from a mosaic of deep reef, shallow patch reef, and seagrass bed habitats in the Florida Keys using stomach contents and stable isotope analysis (δ13C and δ15N). In August 2020, lionfish (n = 48) and other native species were collected from coastal habitats in the Florida Keys, including deep (20–30 m), intermediate (12–18 m), and shallow (<8 m) reefs, to obtain representation of the local food web. Lionfish on shallow reefs were found to feed from different basal carbon sources than lionfish on intermediate and deep reefs. Bayesian mixing models predicted reef particulate organic matter to be the greatest source contributor to the primary energy pathways of lionfish and reef fish at similar trophic levels, and a high degree of resource use overlap between lionfish and native reef fish was documented. Over time, niche overlap with native species could lead to a decline in their populations through resource competition and/or direct predation, thus creating the need to further study the impact of lionfish in the Florida Keys ecosystem. With the increasing scientific consensus that lionfish diets and niche overlap are highly location‐specific, this study further contributes to our collective understanding of the role that lionfish play in the food web of patch reefs in the Florida Keys.
Modulation of host cell membrane biophysics dynamics by Neospora caninum: A study using LAURDAN fluorescence with hyperspectral imaging and phasor analysis
Authors: Díaz Marcela , Robello Carlos , Cabrera Andrés , Malacrida Leonel
Published: February 2025

Neospora caninum is known to manipulate host cell organelles and recruit lipids for its survival. However, the impact of this lipid redistribution on host cell membranes remains poorly understood. This study used LAURDAN fluorescence, hyperspectral imaging, and phasor plot analysis to investigate how N. caninum modifies membrane order in Vero cells. The results revealed a significant decrease in host cell plasma and internal membrane order upon infection, suggesting that cholesterol is redistributed from the host plasma membrane to the parasitophorous vacuoles. To mimic cholesterol depletion, uninfected cells were treated with methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (MBCD), which increased membrane fluidity. Conversely, replenishing infected cells with cholesterol‐loaded MBCD restored membrane fluidity to levels lower than control cells, indicating cholesterol enrichment. These findings provide novel insights into how N. caninum modulates host cell membrane dynamics through lipid manipulation, potentially aiding its intracellular survival.
Evaluation of the Therapeutic Efficacy of Moist Wound Healing After Fractional CO2 Laser Surgery
Authors: Jin Qingmei , Dong Richeng , Zhi Jiahui , Yin Huimin , Nan Meilan , Jin Zhehu , Jin Chenglong
Published: February 2025

Background

With the popularization of laser therapy, an increasing number of patients are undergoing fractional CO2 laser therapy. It is particularly important to exercise caution and accelerate wound healing after laser surgery.

Aims

This study aimed to examine the clinical efficacy of moist wound healing after fractional CO2 laser therapy.

Patients/Methods

A total of 15 individuals volunteered to undergo fractional CO2 laser therapy. The facial skin was irradiated with a fractional CO2 laser in the deep mode, with an energy of 15 mJ/cm2 and a density of 5%. The left and right sides of the faces were considered the observation and control groups, respectively. After laser therapy, medical cold compress patches were applied on the skin in the control group once a day for approximately 10–15 min, whereas erythromycin ophthalmic ointment was applied on the skin in the observation group 6 times daily for wound care. The wound healing time, duration of erythema, and occurrence of adverse reactions were monitored in both groups.

Results

The observation and control groups received different nursing interventions. The time to regression of erythema and swelling was significantly shorter in the observation group than in the control group. In addition, the scab formed at the wound site was thinner, and shedding was faster in the observation group than in the control group. The Clinical Erythema Assessment score of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (p < 0.05). The wound healing time was 5.73 ± 0.70 days in the observation group and 7.73 ± 0.72 days in the control group, with the difference being statistically significant (p < 0.05). After 30 min and 12 h of nursing intervention, the Visual Analog Scale score of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (p < 0.05). However, after 24 h of treatment, neither group showed significant pain. Both groups showed varying degrees of acne, pustules, and exudation, which subsided within 7 days. Furthermore, the control group had 2 cases of mild pigmentation, which resolved within 3 months. Neither group experienced adverse reactions such as skin infection, depigmentation, or scar formation.

Conclusion

Moist healing therapy can accelerate wound healing and reduce the duration of erythema and edema after fractional CO2 laser therapy, demonstrating potential clinical application value.
Acute fatty liver of pregnancy may be associated with non‐productive coagulopathy of coagulation and fibrinolytic factors as well as disseminated intravascular coagulation with mild or no thrombocytopenia: Review of case reports in Japan
Authors: Suzuki Hirotada , Ohkuchi Akihide , Horie Kenji , Ogoyama Manabu , Usui Rie , Takahashi Hironori , Fujiwara Hiroyuki
Published: February 2025

Aim

We reviewed case reports of acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) in Japan and summarized its characteristics, including coagulation factors, fibrinolytic factors, and platelet counts.

Methods

PubMed/Medline and Ichushi databases from 2000 to 2022 were used to survey articles related to AFLP, and 93 articles (102 patients) were ultimately identified.

Results

The characteristics of the coagulation and fibrinolysis systems in AFLP were as follows: the prothrombin time‐international normalized ratio and activated partial prothrombin time were prolonged (median value [quartiles]: 1.59 [1.31, 2.02] and 47.5 s [28.2, 97.5], respectively), and antithrombin and alpha 2‐antiplasmin levels were low (23.0% [17.0, 33.0] and 44.6%, respectively), indicating non‐productive coagulopathy due to severe liver damage. The concentrations of the thrombin‐antithrombin complex and fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products were high (60.0 ng/mL [49.1, 82.8] and 49.2 μg/mL [20.8, 143.7], respectively), while the level of fibrinogen was low (82.0 mg/dL [52.5, 153.5]), suggesting disseminated intravascular coagulation with increased coagulation activity. A platelet count ≥12 × 104/μL was detected in approximately 70% of AFLP cases, and the median was within the normal range (16.1 × 104/μL [11.1, 19.2]).

Conclusions

Coagulopathy changes in AFLP may be based on non‐productive coagulopathy of coagulation and fibrinolytic factors as well as disseminated intravascular coagulation with mild or no thrombocytopenia.
Increased (Platform) Competition Reduces (Seller) Competition
Authors: Cui Shana
Published: February 2025

Policymakers have expressed concern that when a dominant online platform acts both as a marketplace and as an active seller, it might disadvantage its rival sellers and thereby harm consumers. I examine whether platform competition might be promoted to protect consumers. Perhaps surprisingly, I find that increased platform competition can reduce seller competition, and thereby harm consumers.
Population dynamics and morphometrics of Nile monitors along a gradient of urbanization in KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa
Authors: Genevier E. E. Z. , Price C. , Evans N. , Streicher J. P. , Downs C. T.
Published: February 2025

Globally, with the continuous increase in human populations, land use is changing at an unprecedented rate. Little is known about how African reptiles respond to urbanization. We used mark‐resight and baited camera traps to compare population density and demographics of Nile monitors (Varanus niloticus) on a gradient of land use, namely a golf course, a farm and a nature reserve in KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa, during 2022–2023. We also collected detailed morphometrics on 112 Nile monitors throughout KwaZulu‐Natal. We compared morphometric data on limbs, head, body and mass to establish whether the different ecological factors in urban and rural environments and associated behavioural shifts have resulted in unique phenotypes. No significant morphometric differences were found, but urban individuals were generally smaller and lighter than their rural counterparts. Population size estimates varied between sites. Overall, population size estimates increased with anthropogenic disturbance between our three focal sites, while the mean estimated snout‐vent length decreased. The naïve presence of competing diurnal mammals did not follow a specific pattern. The overall insignificant variations in morphometrics in urban and rural areas of KwaZulu‐Natal suggest that Nile monitors have adapted to urban mosaic landscapes with natural and managed (e.g. gardens, parks, golf courses, etc.) green spaces but are not as successful as some urban‐exploiting varanids globally. Future research should investigate Nile monitor interactions with people and pets as well as conflict mitigation strategies.
Mineralogy of terminal grains recovered from the Tanpopo capture panel onboard the International Space Station
Authors: Noguchi Takaaki , Miyake Akira , Yabuta Hikaru , Kebukawa Yoko , Suga Hiroki , Tabata Makoto , Okudaira Kyoko , Yamagishi Akihiko , Yano H.
Published: February 2025

The Tanpopo experiment is Japan's first astrobiology mission aboard the Japanese Experiment Module Exposed Facility on the International Space Station. The Tanpopo‐1 mission exposed silica aerogel panels to low Earth orbit from 2015 to 2016 to capture micrometeoroids. We identified an impact track measuring approximately 8 mm long, which contained terminal grains in the silica aerogel panel oriented toward space. The impact track exhibited a bulbous cavity with two thin, straight tracks branching from it, each preserving a terminal grain at their ends. The terminal grains were extracted from the silica aerogel and analyzed using scanning transmission electron microscopy and scanning transmission X‐ray microscopy to investigate their X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (STXM‐XANES). Both grains are Fe‐bearing and relatively homogeneous orthopyroxene crystals (En88.4±0.4 and En88.2±1.8). The recovery of Fe‐bearing low‐Ca pyroxene aligns with previous studies of micrometeoroids captured in LEO. Micrometeoroids containing Fe‐bearing olivine and low‐Ca pyroxene are likely abundant in LEO.
Vanishing Contrast Enhancement of a Diffuse Midline Glioma
Authors: Champeaux Depond Charles , Metellus Philippe , Gross Emmanuel , Appay Romain
Published: February 2025

Diffuse midline glioma, is a highly aggressive deep‐seated glioma whose diagnosis must be confirmed through histopathological analysis of stereotactic biopsies. Hemorrhagic complications after intracranial biopsies may occur, potentially leading to severe neurological sequelae or significantly altering the outcome. A 55‐year old male with no significant medical history presented to the local emergency department with 4 days of diplopia. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed the presence of tumor whose characteristics were highly suggestive of a high‐grade infiltrating causing blocked hydrocephalus. As no safe resection was achievable, a third ventriculostomy followed by an endoscopic biopsy of the tumor was performed. Unfortunately, the procedure was complicated by an massive intraventricular bleeding of the tumor and, the tiny tumor specimens collected were not contributive. Fortunately, the patient survived and, his clinical state slowly improved. Follow up MRIs depicted a progressive regression of the tumor. As such a wait and see policy was preferred over a chemoradiotherapy. Ultimately, the gadolinium enhancement totally vanished. Unfortunately, 27 months after the initial presentation, he presented with a quick neurological worsening with severe hemiparesis and seizures for which cerebral imaging showed a malignant‐looking deep‐situated unresectable brain tumor. A second biopsy was performed without any specific complication. The histopathological examination of the tumor revealed a high‐grade glial tumor characterized by hypercellularity, marked atypia, mitosis, microvascular proliferation, and areas of necrosis with positive H3 p.K28M nuclear staining in combination with the loss of nuclear H3 p.K28me3. He was referred for best supportive care and, died 29.6 months after the initial presentation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the gadolinium enhancement of a diffuse midline glioma H3 K27‐altered.
The impact of a brief mindfulness‐based intervention on different dimensions of work engagement among paediatric ICU nurses: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Al‐Hammouri Mohammed Munther , Rababah Jehad A. , Al‐Jdeetawey Nid'a Ahmad
Published: February 2025

Background

Work engagement, a multifaceted concept encompassing dedication, vigour and absorption, is critical for paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) nurses who are providing critical care to ensure optimal patient care and maintain their well‐being.

Aim

This study examines the effect of a brief mindfulness‐based intervention (MBI) on different dimensions of work engagement among PICU nurses.

Study Design

Using a quasi‐experimental design with pretests and posttests across two groups, we evaluated the impact of a brief MBI on work engagement. Two hospitals were randomly selected to implement the intervention, and the other two served as controls.

Results

A total of 204 nurses participated, with 101 in the intervention group and 103 in the control group. Post‐intervention, the intervention group exhibited significantly higher levels of vigour (M = 3.88, SD = 0.56), dedication (M = 4.67, SD = 0.64) and absorption (M = 4.18, SD = 0.56) compared with the control group (p < .001 with 95% CI of −2.02, −1.62 for vigour; −2.23, −1.78 for dedication; and −1.89, −1.50 for absorption). The multivariate analysis of variance results indicated a significant effect of the intervention on the linear combination of dependent variables (V = .30, F[3, 200] = 29.22, p < .001), with a substantial effect size (partial η2 = .30).

Conclusion

The current study highlights the efficacy of a brief MBI in enhancing work engagement among paediatric ICU nurses. Thus, MBIs could be a practical solution to issues encountered in a demanding work environment.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

The brief MBI significantly enhanced the work engagement dimensions of vigour, dedication and absorption among PICU nurses. These improvements suggest that mindfulness practices effectively boost nurses' energy levels, sense of purpose and deep concentration, which are essential for high‐quality patient care. The findings highlight the potential of integrating mindfulness interventions into health care settings to promote caregiver well‐being and better patient outcomes.
The effect of a 10‐week field‐oriented transition programme for new graduate registered nurses in critical care
Authors: Kim Hana , Kim Eunhye , Noh Jamin , Bang Eunkyung , Tak Sunghee H.
Published: February 2025

Background

The turnover rate of new graduate registered nurses in critical care is high as they have trouble adapting to the field. Various transition programmes are being applied, but the effectiveness thereof remains controversial.

Aim

This study examined the effects of a 10‐week field‐oriented training programme for new graduate registered nurses in critical care setting using the Kirkpatrick model.

Study Design

This study used a one‐group, repeated‐measures design. A total of 71 new graduate registered nurses at a tertiary hospital in South Korea completed a 10‐week field‐oriented transition programme between March 2020 and June 2021. The programme consisted of a two‐week ward‐based modular orientation grounded in the concept of distributed practice model and eight‐week individualized preceptorship. Using the Kirkpatrick model, the measures included the Job Satisfaction Scale, Clinical Knowledge Evaluation, Clinical Competencies, Professionalism Inventory, Organizational Commitment Questionnaire and short‐term turnover rate, and data were collected four times: pre‐education, after each education and at 3‐month follow‐up.

Results

The ward‐based modular orientation significantly improved clinical competencies (p < .001) and professionalism (p = .02). When preceptorship was applied, clinical knowledge (p < .001) and competencies (p < .001) significantly improved; in contrast, job satisfaction (p = .009) and organizational commitment (p < .001) were significantly reduced. Three months after the end of education, clinical knowledge (p < .001) and competencies (p < .001) increased compared with immediately after the programme, but organizational commitment (p = .013) decreased significantly. The turnover rate at 6 months after employment was estimated to be 15.5%.

Conclusions

The findings indicate that a field‐oriented transition programme with sufficient practice opportunities in clinical sites and customized field training results in improved clinical knowledge and competencies in new graduate nurses.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

A transitional programme for new graduate nurses needs to include additional components such as socialization within organization in order to improve job satisfaction and organizational commitment.
Digital health interventions to treat overweight and obesity in children and adolescents: An umbrella review
Authors: Flølo Tone Nygaard , Tørris Christine , Riiser Kirsti , Almendingen Kari , Chew Han Shi Jocelyn , Fosså Alexander , Albertini Früh Elena , Hennessy Erin , Leung May May , Misvær Nina , Pavel Nenad , Sundar Turid Kristin Bigum , Sæterstrand Toril Margaret , Torbjørnsen Astrid , Løyland Borghild , Holmen Heidi
Published: February 2025

Digital health interventions can support the treatment of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents, yet primary research and systematic reviews leave uncertain evidence. In this umbrella review of reviews and meta‐analyses, we methodologically appraise and investigate the effects of digital health interventions used to manage overweight and obesity in children. Systematic searches were conducted in July 2023 in Medline (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Cochrane, EMBASE (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), Epistemonikos and Web of Science (Core Collection). Reports on experiences and/or effectiveness of digital health interventions aimed at treating children with overweight or obesity aged 0 to 19 years and/or their parents were eligible for inclusion. Screening, data extraction, and methodological appraisal were conducted in blinded pairs of researchers. In total, the searches identified 2927 citations, of which 16 reviews and 10 meta‐analyses, reporting on 162 distinct primary studies, were included. Effects on anthropometric measures of all digital health interventions were small when analyzing BMI and BMI‐z‐scores combined. Future research should strive to conduct more homogeneous and solid research, employing robust designs, standardized outcomes, and a longer follow‐up time. Designing digital health interventions for the future should to a larger extent include end‐users to ensure usability and relevance for the population, adding significance to the interventions that are evaluated.
The 3D‐Printed Customized Femoral Short Stem Offers Improved Anatomical Parameters Restoration, Fitness and Biomechanical Performance Compared With Traditional Femoral Stem
Authors: Jiang Ziang , Cheng Rongshan , Dimitriou Dimitris , Yang Yangyang , Tsai Tsung‐Yuan , Wang Liao
Published: February 2025

Objective

The traditional femoral stem is unsuitable for patients with severe proximal femoral bone defects or deformities. However, 3D‐printed customized designs offer improved proximal femoral canal contact and enhance the initial stability of the femoral prosthesis. Therefore, this study aims to compare the anatomical parameters, contact parameters, and performance of the 3D‐printed customized femoral short (CFS) stem with those of the traditional femoral stem following total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Methods

An in vitro study simulating THA was performed using artificial femur models, with a 3D‐printed CFS stem as the experimental group and a Trilock stem as the control group. Anatomical parameters, fitness, filling, micro‐motion, and strain distribution were evaluated using artificial femoral models. Micro‐motion and strain were recorded under different simulated bodyweight loading using a 3D digital image correlation measurement system.

Results

The neck‐shaft angles (NSA) and coronal femoral horizontal offset (CFHO) of the 3D‐printed CFS stem (NSA: 125.22°, CFHO: 41.03 mm) were closer to those of the intact femur (NSA: 127.37°, CFHO: 43.27 mm) compare with the Trilock stem (NSA: 132.61°, CFHO: 32.98 mm). In addition, the 3D‐printed CFS stem showed improved fitness at cross‐sections (The top of the lesser trochanter: 6.31%, the middle of the lesser trochanter: 23.42%, the bottom of the lesser trochanter: 26.61%) and reduced micro‐motion under different simulated bodyweight loads (1000: 0.043, 1375: 0.056, 2060 N: 0.061 mm).

Conclusions

The 3D‐printed CFS stem provides improved restoration of anatomical parameters, enhanced fitness, and superior biomechanical performance compared with the Trilock stem.
Synergistic effects of hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide in enhancing salt stress tolerance in cucumber seedlings
Authors: Kumari Ritu , Khan M. Nasir , Parrey Zubair Ahmad , Kapoor Preedhi , Mir Bilal Ahmad , Taziun Tuba , Parihar Parul , Rakhra Gurmeen
Published: February 2025

Salinity stress poses a significant threat to plant growth and agricultural productivity, affecting millions of hectares of land worldwide. The adverse effects of salt toxicity, primarily caused by high levels of sodium chloride in soil and water, disrupt essential physiological processes in plants, leading to reduced yields and degraded soil quality. The present study thoroughly investigated the potential involvement of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO) in facilitating salt stress tolerance in cucumbers. In this investigation, NaHS (sodium hydrogen sulfide), which is the donor of H2S, and SNP (sodium nitroprusside), which is the donor of NO, were used as treatments for cucumber seedlings exposed to salt stress. Additionally, L‐NAME (N‐nitro‐L‐arginine: 100 μM) and cPTIO (2‐phenyl‐4,4,5,5‐tetramethylimidazoline‐1‐oxyl 3‐oxide), which are inhibitors and scavengers of NO respectively, were used to verify the involvement of NO in the presence of salinity. NaHS and SNP supplementation significantly boosted fresh weight, dry weight, plant height, and chlorophyll content, promoting growth under salt stress. These treatments raised endogenous H2S and NO levels, upregulating antioxidative enzymes like SOD, CAT, APX, GR, GPX, and GSTs. This response reduced oxidative damages by lowering reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation. The combined application of NaHS and SNP under salt stress offers a promising and cost‐effective strategy to improve plant resilience to salinity, reduce oxidative stress, and ultimately enhance crop productivity. These findings provide important insights into the potential use of H2S and NO donors for sustaining agricultural production in saline environments, addressing a critical global challenge for food security.