bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Microstructural Features of a Silchrome 1 Exhaust Valve of a Harley-Davidson WLA World War II Motorcycle
Authors: Růžička Jan , Alıcıoğlu Ali , Bouquerel Jérémie , Novák Pavel , Vogt Jean-Bernard
Published: August 2024

The paper aims at documenting the material employed in 1942 for the fabrication of an exhaust valve for a Harley-Davidson WLA/WLC motorcycle and assesses the material features with modern steel standard specifications and treatment. Facing properties of the original historical parts of technical heritage objects according to modern standards is a rare discipline, as these objects are nowadays in collections of museums or private collectors and experimental instrumental analyses are strictly forbidden. In this case, a preserved accessible unused surplus replacement kit was studied. The microstructure was assessed by light optical and scanning electron microscopy, electron probe micro-analysis and by heat treatment–hardness correlation. It was found that the valve was made of Silchrome 1 steel in coherence with the X45CrSi9-3 steel modern material standard, but with a slightly higher content of phosphorus and sulfur. Microscopic observations and hardness profile testing suggested a tempered martensitic structure (sorbite) with very fine grains uniformly distributed in the valve and an even heat treatment. Heat treatment–hardness experimentation demonstrated that the original heat treatment cannot be achieved by the modern standard procedure. The tempering temperature was surprisingly deduced to be lower than the recommended one according to the modern standard, which contrasts with the service temperature indicated in the contemporary motorcycle mechanics handbook.
Activated Carbon for CO2 Adsorption from Avocado Seeds Activated with NaOH: The Significance of the Production Method
Authors: Siemak Joanna , Mikołajczak Grzegorz , Pol-Szyszko Magdalena , Michalkiewicz Beata
Published: August 2024

The rise in atmospheric greenhouse gases like CO2 is a primary driver of global warming. Human actions are the primary factor behind the surge in CO2 levels, contributing to two-thirds of the greenhouse effect over the past decade. This study focuses on the chemical activation of avocado seeds with sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The influence of various preparation methods was studied under the same parameters: carbon precursor to NaOH mass ratio, carbonization temperature, and nitrogen flow. For two samples, preliminary thermal treatment was applied (500 °C). NaOH was used in the form of a saturated solution as well as dry NaOH. The same temperature of 850 °C of carbonization combined with chemical activation was applied for all samples. The applied modifications resulted in the following textural parameters: specific surface area from 696 to 1217 m2/g, total pore volume from 0.440 to 0.761 cm3/g, micropore volume from 0.159 to 0.418 cm3/g. The textural parameters were estimated based on nitrogen sorption at −196 °C. The XRD measurements and SEM pictures were also performed. CO2 adsorption was performed at temperatures of 0, 10, 20, and 30 °C and pressure up to 1 bar. In order to calculate the CO2 selectivity over N2 nitrogen adsorption at 20 °C was investigated. The highest CO2 adsorption (4.90 mmol/g) at 1 bar and 0 °C was achieved.
Gender and Age Trends in HIV Incidence in Turkey between 1990 and 2021: Joinpoint and Age–Period–Cohort Analyses
Authors: Derin Okan
Published: August 2024

Background and Objectives: Despite a global decrease in HIV incidence, recent trends in Türkiye indicate a concerning rise, particularly among younger populations and women. This study investigates the local and regional dynamics influencing these trends using advanced epidemiological methodologies. Material and Methods: Utilizing Age–period–cohort analysis and joinpoint regression, we analysed HIV incidence and prevalence data from the Global Burden of Disease study for Türkiye. These methods allowed for a detailed examination of changes over time, identifying specific age groups and periods with significant shifts in incidence rates. Results: Key findings include a 13.03% increase in annual percentage change among males aged 15–19 and an 11.37% increase among females in the same age group. Additionally, the incidence rates among females have shown a significant rise after 2008. Conclusions: The rising HIV incidence in Türkiye reflects complex socio-economic, cultural, and biological factors, with significant increases among young people and women. Addressing these challenges requires targeted interventions, comprehensive educational programs, and inclusive healthcare services to align with global efforts and commitments. The study underscores the importance of incorporating young people in decision-making processes to effectively combat HIV in Türkiye.
Endometriosis and In Vitro Fertilization
Authors: Latif Sania , Khanjani Shirin , Saridogan Ertan
Published: August 2024

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is an established option for the management of infertility in patients with endometriosis, though there remains ongoing debate around the extent to which endometriosis may compromise IVF treatment success, in which fertilization and preimplantation embryo development occur outside the pelvis. Whether endometriosis impacts oocyte and embryo quality and/or endometrial receptivity remains central to this debate. Here, we review the current literature relating to the impact of endometriosis on IVF outcomes and management strategies to consider when performing IVF treatment.
The Impact of Long COVID on the Quality of Life
Authors: Cozma Angela , Sitar-Tăut Adela-Viviana , Orășan Olga Hilda , Leucuța Daniel Corneliu , Pocol Tinca-Codruța , Sălăgean Octavia , Crișan Camil , Sporiș Nicolae-Dan , Lazar Andrada-Luciana , Mălinescu Toma-Vlad , Ganea Andreea-Maria , Vlad Călin Vasile , Horvat Melinda , Lupșe Mihaela Sorina , Briciu Violeta
Published: August 2024

Background and Objectives: The term long COVID refers to patients with a history of confirmed COVID-19 infection, who present symptoms that last for at least 2 months and cannot be explained by another diagnosis. Objectives: The present study aims to determine the most common symptoms of the long COVID syndrome and their impact on the quality of life. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on patients diagnosed with mild and moderate COVID-19 (based on a positive SARS-CoV-2 molecular diagnostic or rapid antigen test and severity form definition) at the Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. Clinical examinations with detailed questions about symptoms were performed at the time of the diagnosis of COVID-19 and the six-month follow-up. Two years after COVID-19 infection, patients were invited to complete an online quality-of-life questionnaire regarding long COVID symptoms. Results: A total of 103 patients (35.92% males) with a mean age of 41.56 ± 11.77 were included in this study. Of the total number of patients, 65.04% presented mild forms of COVID-19. Data regarding the vaccination status showed that 83.5% were vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. The most common symptoms at diagnosis were cough (80.6%), fatigue (80.4%), odynophagia (76.7%), and headaches (67.6%), with female patients being statistically more likely to experience it (p = 0.014). Patients with moderate forms of the disease had higher levels of both systolic (p = 0.008) and diastolic (p = 0.037) blood pressure at diagnosis, but no statistical difference was observed in the 6-month follow-up. The most common symptoms at 2 years (in 29 respondent subjects) were represented by asthenia (51.7%), headache (34.5%), memory disorders (27.6%), abdominal meteorism (27.6%), and arthralgia (27.6%). In terms of cardiovascular symptoms, fluctuating blood pressure values (20.7%), palpitations (17.2%), and increased heart rate values (17.2%) were recorded. Conclusions: If at the time of diagnosis, the most frequent manifestations of the disease were respiratory, together with headache and fatigue, at re-evaluation, asthenia, decreased effort tolerance, and neuropsychiatric symptoms prevailed. Regarding the cardiovascular changes as part of the long COVID clinical picture, some patients developed prehypertension, palpitations, and tachycardia.
Percutaneous Extraction of Transvenous Permanent Pacemaker/Defibrillator Leads—A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Akcay Murat , Yuksel Serkan
Published: August 2024

Background and Objectives: The number of cardiac pacemakers being used has increased in recent decades, and this increase has led to a rise in device-related complications, requiring percutaneous device extraction. Our aim was to present our single-center clinical experience in percutaneous lead extractions. Materials and Methods: We analyzed an observational retrospective cohort study of 93 patients for the transvenous removal of a total of 163 endocardial leads. We evaluated the device details, indications, lead characteristics, extraction methods, complications, reimplantation procedure, follow-up data, effectiveness, and safety. Results: Patients’ mean age was 68.6 ± 11.6 years. Lead extraction indications were pocket infection in 33 (35.5%), lead dysfunction in 33 (35.5%), and system upgrade in 21 (23%) cases, and lead endocarditis in 6 (6%) cases. The duration from implantation to extraction time was a detected median of 43 (24–87) months. The most common retracted lead type was the RV defibrillator lead (62%), and the lead fixation type was active for one hundred (61%) patients. A new device was inserted in 74 (80%) patients, and the device type was most commonly a CRT-D (61%). Patients were followed up at a median of 17 (8–36) months, and 18 patients (19%) died at follow-up. Complete procedural success was obtained in 78 (84%) patients, and clinical procedural success was obtained in 83 (89%) patients. Procedural failure was detected in 15 (16%) patients. Major and minor complications were detected in 10 (11%) and 6 (6.5%) patients, respectively. The most common minor complication was pocket hematoma. Conclusions: Our experience suggests that transvenous lead extraction has a high success rate with an acceptable risk of procedural complications. The simple manual traction method has a high rate of procedural success, despite a high dwell time of the lead.
Birth of Thirty-Two Healthy Babies Following Transfer of Fresh and Frozen–Thawed Embryos Derived from Monopronuclear Zygotes: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Labied Soraya , Wenders Frédéric , Gaspard Olivier , Ravet Stéphanie , Desmecht Alice , Nisolle Michelle , Henry Laurie
Published: August 2024

Background and Objectives: Fertilized zygotes normally display two pronuclei (PN), but abnormal fertilization patterns (0, 1 or >2PN) are observed daily in IVF labs. Multiple PN zygotes (>2) are generally discarded due to an increased risk of aneuploidy. However, the decision to transfer or not transfer 1PN-derived embryos remains controversial. The aims of our study were to analyze the neonatal outcomes of fresh or frozen–thawed embryos derived from 1PN zygotes, and to evaluate the influence of the fertilization method. Materials and Methods: Data were retrospectively collected from cycles performed between January 2018 and December 2022. Fresh cycles were analyzed for the comparative fate of 1PN zygotes (n = 1234) following conventional in vitro fertilization (cIVF; n = 648) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI; n = 586), as well as the results of the 64 transfers of 1PN-derived embryos (pregnancy rate (PR) and neonatal outcomes). This pregnancy follow-up was also applied to 167 transfers of frozen–thawed 1PN-derived embryos. Results: In fresh cycles, 46% of the 1PN zygotes in the cIVF group developed into embryos of sufficient quality to be transferred or frozen (day 3 or 5/6). This rate was lower in the fresh ICSI cycles (33%). Blastulation rate was also significantly higher in the cIVF group (44%) in comparison to the ICSI group (20%). The fresh single embryo transfers (32 per group) allowed seven pregnancies in the cIVF group (PR = 21.9%) as compared to four pregnancies in the ICSI group (PR = 12.5%). In the cIVF group, five deliveries of healthy newborns were achieved, but only one in the ICSI group. In frozen/thawed cycles, 36 pregnancies were obtained out of the 167 transfers. A non-significant difference was observed between embryos derived from cIVF cycles (PR = 26%) and ICSI cycles (PR = 16%) with 18 and 8 healthy babies born, respectively. Conclusions: We observed better outcomes for 1PN zygotes in cIVF cycles in comparison to ICSI cycles. Our center policy to transfer good-quality 1PN-derived embryos allowed the birth of 32 healthy babies.
Use of a Micronutrient Cocktail to Improve Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) in Adults with Obesity: A Randomized, Double-Blinded Pilot Clinical Trial
Authors: Perva Iulia , Simina Iulia , Bende Renata , Motofelea Alexandru , Chirita Emandi Adela , Andreescu Nicoleta , Sima Alexandra , Vlad Adrian , Sporea Ioan , Zimbru Cristian , Tutac Paul , Puiu Maria , Niculescu Mihai
Published: August 2024

Background and Objectives: The goal of this study was to assess the impact of supplementation with a combination of nutrients on metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)-related liver parameters, and other parameters related to metabolic syndrome in adults with obesity. These measurements included anthropometric and lipid profiling, and FibroScan technology (controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and transient elastography (TE) values). Materials and Methods: A double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot clinical trial was conducted over a three-month treatment period. Adults with metabolic syndrome and obesity were allocated to receive either a cocktail of nutrients with defined daily dosages (5-MTHF, betaine, alpha-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, choline bitartrate, docosahexaenoic acid, and vitamin B12) or a placebo. The participants were evaluated at the start and the end of the three-month treatment period. Results: A total of 155 participants entered the study, comprising 84 in the treatment group and 71 in the placebo group. The administration of the nutritional supplement resulted in a notable reduction in both CAP and TE scores when compared to the placebo group. The treatment group exhibited a mean reduction in CAP of 4% (p < 0.05) and a mean reduction in TE of 7.8% (p < 0.05), indicative of a decline in liver fat content and fibrosis. Conclusions: The supplementation over a period of three months led to a significant amelioration of liver fibrosis and steatosis parameters in adults with metabolic syndrome and obesity. These findings suggest that this supplementation regimen could be a beneficial adjunct therapy for improving liver health in adults with obesity-induced MASLD.
Impulsivity and Its Association with Depression and Anxiety in the Normal Egyptian Population Post COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ismael Marwa S. , Elgendy Marwa O. , Binsaleh Ammena Y. , Saleh Asmaa , Abdelrahim Mohamed E. A. , Osama Hasnaa
Published: August 2024

Background and Objectives: It is well known that depression, anxiety, and impulsiveness are interrelated; however, studies that have assessed their association with the coronavirus outbreak are scarce. Hence, our study aimed to evaluate the impulsivity incidence and its correlation with anxiety and depression following COVID-19 infection between November 2022 and June 2023. Materials and Methods: The 201 participants completed the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS), and short UPPS-P scales (urgency, premeditation, perseverance, sensation seeking, and positive urgency) to allow us to determine their anxiety and depression symptoms, functional impairment, and impulsivity, respectively. Results: Among our respondents, 22%, and 26.7% had moderate to severe anxiety and depression. The short UPPS-P scale significantly correlated with the HAM-A and HDRS scales. Participants with positive COVID-19 infection showed significantly higher functional impairment scores, especially in the work/study domain (mean (SD): 3.12 (2.2) vs. 2.43 (2.3); p = 0.037). COVID-19-related disruption significantly correlated with negative and positive urgency, HAM-A, HDRS, and the SDS total and subscales. Conclusions: Our findings showed a notable increase in anxiety, depression, and functional impairment among the population following COVID-19 infection. Our research highlights the correlation between impulsivity and the psychological distress experienced following the pandemic.
Determinants of Depression in Caregivers of Geriatric Patients in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Aljunaid Mohammed A. , Alosaimi Rayan Mesfer , Alazmi Essa Ahmed , Afandi Ahmad Abdulaziz , Musslem Mohammed Talal , Aljarameez Mohammed Mohsen , Alzobaidi Hosam Husain
Published: August 2024

Background and Objectives: Caregiving for geriatric patients is essential for ensuring the well-being and quality of life of older adults. Family caregivers play a crucial role, but they often face a significant burden that can lead to adverse mental health outcomes, including depression. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of depression among caregivers of geriatric patients in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and to analyze its association with caregiver burden and various socio-demographic and caregiving parameters. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, between January and March 2024. Adult caregivers of geriatric patients were recruited through various social media platforms. Data were collected via an electronic questionnaire that included demographic information, caregiving parameters, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for depression screening, and the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI-12) for caregiver burden assessment. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression. Results: Of the 269 participants, the average age was 32 years, and the gender distribution was nearly balanced. The prevalence of depression (PHQ-9 score ≥ 10) among caregivers was 45.4% (95% CI: 39.3, 51.5%). Significant factors associated with higher depression scores included younger age, female gender, single status, being a student, low income, and caregiving burden. In the multivariate analysis, female gender (OR 2.50, 95% CI 1.30–4.80) and caregiving burden (mild-to-moderate burden: OR 6.18, 95% CI 2.94–13.00; high burden: OR 22.75, 95% CI 8.75–59.13) were independent predictors of depression. Conclusions: The study highlights the high prevalence of depression among caregivers of geriatric patients in Jeddah and underscores the significant impact of caregiving burden on mental health. These findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions, such as mental health support, respite care programs, and culturally sensitive educational training, to mitigate caregiver burden and enhance the well-being of caregivers.
Endovascular Interventions of Cancer-Associated Venous Thromboembolism with Symptomatic Iliocaval Venous Thrombosis: A Case Report
Authors: Ng Shin Rui , Chang Jui-Chih , Jhan Jin-You
Published: August 2024

Cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (CAT) poses a severe threat, disrupting ongoing cancer management and adversely impacting treatment outcomes. CAT often leads to a two- to six-fold increase in mortality rates when it progresses to venous total occlusion. The primary modalities employed in addressing this life-threatening complication include anticoagulant therapy only or coupled with strategic endovascular interventions. Aggressive endovascular interventions, such as mechanical thrombectomy and venous stent implantation, are crucial in mitigating thrombotic complications, relieving symptoms, and improving this vulnerable population’s overall quality of life and life expectancy. This case report presents a CAT case extending to the total occlusion of the inferior vena cava. Our goal is to provide valuable insights into the evolving management of CAT and its sequelae, showcasing treatment approaches that lead to improved outcomes and a better quality of life for cancer patients facing these additional challenges.
A Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study on Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Feasibility and Clinical Correlation
Authors: Kaur Raminder , Greeley Brian , Ciok Alexander , Mehta Kashish , Tsai Melody , Robertson Hilary , Debelic Kati , Zhang Lan Xin , Nelson Todd , Boulter Travis , Siu William , Nacul Luis , Song Xiaowei
Published: August 2024

Background/Objectives: Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a neurological disorder characterized by post-exertional malaise. Despite its clinical relevance, the disease mechanisms of ME/CFS are not fully understood. The previous studies targeting brain function or metabolites have been inconclusive in understanding ME/CFS complexity. We combined single-voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (SV-MRS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Our objectives were to examine the feasibility of the multimodal MRI protocol, identify possible differences between ME/CFS and healthy controls (HCs), and relate MRI findings with clinical symptoms. Methods: We enrolled 18 female ME/CFS participants (mean age: 39.7 ± 12.0 years) and five HCs (mean age: 45.6 ± 14.5 years). SV-MRS spectra were acquired from three voxels of interest: the anterior cingulate gyrus (ACC), brainstem (BS), and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L-DLPFC). Whole-brain fMRI used n-back task testing working memory and executive function. The feasibility was assessed as protocol completion rate and time. Group differences in brain metabolites and fMRI activation between ME/CFS and HCs were compared and correlated with behavioral and symptom severity measurements. Results: The completion rate was 100% regardless of participant group without causing immediate fatigue. ME/CFS appeared to show a higher N-Acetylaspartate in L-DLPFC compared to HCs (OR = 8.49, p = 0.040), correlating with poorer fatigue, pain, and sleep quality scores (p’s = 0.001–0.015). An increase in brain activation involving the frontal lobe and the brainstem was observed in ME/CFS compared to HCs (Z > 3.4, p’s < 0.010). Conclusions: The study demonstrates the feasibility of combining MRS and fMRI to capture neurochemical and neurophysiological features of ME/CFS in female participants. Further research with larger cohorts of more representative sampling and follow-ups is needed to validate these apparent differences between ME/CFS and HCs.
Evaluating the Diverse Anticancer Effects of Laos Kaempferia parviflora (Black Ginger) on Human Melanoma Cell Lines
Authors: Park Gyun Seok , Shin Juhyun , Hong Seongwoo , Saini Ramesh Kumar , Gopal Judy , Oh Jae-Wook
Published: August 2024

Cancer has become a consistent concern globally and increasingly fatal. Malignant melanoma is a rising concern, with its increased mortality. Kaempferia parviflora Wall. ex Baker (K. parviflora (KP)), commonly known as black ginger, is well known for its medicinal contributions. For the first time, in the following study we investigated the antimelanoma potential of Laos KP extracts in human cell lines. KP extracts (KPE) in methanol, DCM, and ethyl acetate showed strong cell inhibition in both melanomas, with KPE-DCM being particularly effective in inhibiting melanoma cell migration, invasion, and proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, while KPE-Hexane exhibited a low cell inhibition rate and a more limited effect. KPE affected the increased expression of caspase-3, PARP andBax and the decreased expression of the BcL-2, Mu-2-related death-inducing gene (MUDENG, MuD) protein. Furthermore, KPE enhanced apoptotic cells in the absence and presence of the pancaspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK. Interestingly, these apoptotic cells were significantly suppressed by the caspase inhibitor. Moreover, elevated mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, suggestive of KPE’s mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in melanoma cells, were also confirmed. KPE treatment increased MMP levels, and upregulated the generation of ROS in A375 cells but not in A2058 cells. However, pretreatment with an ROS scavenger (NAC) suppressed KPE-induced cell death and ROS generation. These results clearly pointed out KPE-induced mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic cell death as the mechanism behind the inhibition of the human melanoma cells. Future studies exploring the role of specific ROS sources and their interaction with mitochondrial dynamics could deepen the existing understanding on KPE-induced apoptosis.
Does Adjuvant Chemotherapy Benefit Patients with T4 N0 Colon Cancer?
Authors: Akdag Goncagul , Isik Deniz , Dogan Akif , Yildirim Sedat , Kinikoglu Oguzcan , Topal Alper , Oksuz Sila , Turkoglu Ezgi , Surmeli Heves , Basoglu Tugba , Sever Ozlem Nuray , Odabas Hatice , Yildirim Mahmut Emre , Turan Nedim
Published: August 2024

Background and Objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) poses a major global health challenge, with high incidence rates and ongoing treatment debates. Adjuvant chemotherapy benefits for high-risk subgroups, particularly stage II disease, remain controversial. This study seeks to clarify this issue by specifically examining the impact of adjuvant chemotherapy on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients diagnosed with T4 colon cancer. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study analyzed patients undergoing radical surgery for T4 colon cancer between 2002 and 2023. Results: Our study of 184 pT4 pN0 colon cancer patients revealed that 79.3% received adjuvant chemotherapy. Multivariate analysis demonstrated significant DFS improvement: a 60% reduction in risk for those who received adjuvant therapy (0.40 95% CI: 0.25–0.62, p < 0.001). Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and adjuvant treatment were also significantly associated with OS. Adjuvant treatment reduced mortality by 60% (HR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.23–0.68, p = 0.001). Patients with LVI had a 1.9-fold increase in mortality (HR: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.17–3.20, p = 0.011). These findings underscore the potential value of adjuvant chemotherapy and highlight the importance of treatment completion in managing T4 colon cancer. Conclusions: Our study identifies LVI and adjuvant chemotherapy as key prognostic factors in T4 colon cancer patients. These results support the consideration of adjuvant chemotherapy in this patient population.
Fresh versus Frozen Embryo Transfer in In Vitro Fertilization/Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Cycles: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Neonatal Outcomes
Authors: Tocariu Raluca , Niculae Lucia Elena , Niculae Alexandru Ștefan , Carp-Velișcu Andreea , Brătilă Elvira
Published: August 2024

Background and Objectives: Although considerable research has been devoted to examining the distinctions between fresh and frozen embryo transfer regarding obstetric outcomes and rates of pregnancy success, there is still a scarcity of thorough analyses that specifically examine neonatal outcomes. The objective of our study was to provide an in-depth analysis of neonatal outcomes that occur after the transfer of fresh and frozen embryos (ET vs. FET) in IVF/ICSI cycles. Materials and Methods: Multiple databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Wiley, Scopus, Ovid and Science Direct) were searched from January 1980 to February 2024. Two reviewers conducted the article identification and data extraction, meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria. The methodological quality was evaluated using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) or the revised Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. The meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4. Results: Twenty studies, including 171,481 participants in total, were subjected to qualitative and quantitative analyses. A significant increase in preterm birth rates was noted with fresh embryo transfer compared to FET in the overall IVF/ICSI population (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.18–1.35, p < 0.00001), as well as greater odds of a low birth weight (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.27–1.48, p < 0.00001) and small-for-gestational-age infants in this group (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.63–2.00, p < 0.00001). In contrast, frozen embryo transfer can result in macrosomic (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.54–0.65, p < 0.00001) or large-for-gestational-age infants (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.60–0.69, p < 0.00001). No significant difference was observed regarding congenital malformations or neonatal death rates. Conclusions: This systematic review confirmed that singleton babies conceived by frozen embryo transfer are at lower risk of preterm delivery, low birthweight and being small for gestational age than their counterparts conceived by fresh embryo transfer. The data support embryo cryopreservation but suggest that elective freezing should be limited to cases with a proven indication or within the framework of a clinical study.
Prognostic Impact and Clinical Features of Spread through Air Spaces in Operated Lung Cancer: Real-World Analysis
Authors: Yildirim Sedat , Alan Ozkan , Yuksel Yasar Zeynep , Kaya Tugba , Akdag Goncagul , Kinikoglu Oguzcan , Gecmen Gonca Gul , Yasar Alper , Isik Deniz , Surmeli Heves , Basoglu Tugba , Sever Ozlem Nuray , Yildirim Mahmut Emre , Odabas Hatice , Turan Nedim
Published: August 2024

Background and Objectives: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Spread through air spaces (STAS) is an adverse prognostic factor that has become increasingly known in recent years. This study aims to investigate the impact of STAS presence on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with surgically resected stage IA-IIIA lung cancer and to identify clinicopathological features associated with STAS. Materials and Methods: This research involved 311 lung cancer surgery patients. The relationship between the presence of STAS in the patients’ surgical pathology and OS and DFS values was examined. Clinicopathological features associated with the presence of STAS were determined. Results: There were 103 (33%) STAS-positive patients. Adenocarcinoma histological subtype, perineural invasion (PNI), and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) were significantly correlated with being STAS positive. STAS significantly predicted DFS and OS. One-year and five-year DFS rates were significantly lower in the STAS-positive group compared to the STAS-negative group (65% vs. 88%, 29% vs. 62%, respectively, p ≤ 0.001). Similarly, one-year and five-year OS rates were significantly lower in the STAS-positive group compared to the STAS-negative group (92% vs. 94%, 54% vs. 88%, respectively, p ≤ 0.001). In multivariate analysis, STAS was found to be an independent prognostic factor for both DFS and OS (HR: 3.2 (95%CI: 2.1–4.8) and 3.1 (95%CI: 1.7–5.5), p < 0.001 and <0.001, respectively). Conclusions: In our study, STAS was found to be an independent prognostic biomarker in operated stage IA-IIIA lung cancer patients. It may be a beneficial pathological biomarker in predicting the survival of patients and managing their treatments.
Restoration of Skin Barrier Abnormalities with IL4/13 Inhibitors and Jak Inhibitors in Atopic Dermatitis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chatzigeorgiou Isidora , Koumaki Dimitra , Vakirlis Efstratios , Papadimitriou Ilias , Gregoriou Stamatios
Published: August 2024

Background and Objectives: Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder with a significant burden on patients’ quality of life. This systematic review aims to evaluate the restoration of skin barrier abnormalities with interleukin-4/interleukin-13 (IL-4/IL-13) inhibitors and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors in atopic dermatitis. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted, focusing on studies that assess the use of IL-4/IL-13 inhibitors and JAK inhibitors for atopic dermatitis. We identified eligible studies by searching Medline via PubMed with a special focus on their effect on the restoration of the epidermal barrier. Included studies evaluated the transepidermal water loss (TEWL), the reduction in epidermal thickness (ET), the improvement in ceramide synthesis, and the increase in stratum corneum hydration (SCH) with IL-4/IL-13 inhibitors and JAK inhibitors. The quality of included studies was assessed using the ROBINS-I and the RoB 2.0 tool for assessing the risk of bias. Results: Ten of the included studies concern dupilumab, while two concern JAK inhibitors. Ten were observational studies and two were randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The total number of included participants was 378 concerning dupilumab and 38 concerning JAK inhibitors. Five studies did not include any comparison group, three included healthy volunteers, two were conducted versus placebo, and two compared dupilumab with other treatments. The follow-up period ranged between 29 days and 32 weeks. The results demonstrated a significant decrease in transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and an increase in SCH on eczematous lesions for patients with sustained response to dupilumab treatment and observed improvements in ET and filaggrin (FLG) staining, which further support the efficacy of JAK inhibitors in enhancing skin barrier function. Conclusions: This review underscores the efficacy of IL-4/IL-13 inhibitors in improving skin barrier function. However, the limited number of studies focusing on JAK inhibitors and the overall lack of RCTs highlight the need for further research to establish the definitive role of IL-4/IL-13 inhibitors and JAK inhibitors in the restoration of the skin barrier.
Solvent-Focused Gas Chromatographic Determination of Thymol and Carvacrol Using Ultrasound-Assisted Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction through Solidifying Floating Organic Droplets (USA-DLLME-SFO)
Authors: Barzegar Sedigheh , Rehmani Mousab , Farahmandzadeh Mahdi , Absalan Ghodratollah , Karimi Benson
Published: August 2024

An ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction by solidifying floating organic droplets, coupled to a form of temperature-programmed gas chromatography flame ionization detection, has been developed for the extraction and determination of thymol and carvacrol. This method utilizes undecanol as the extraction solvent, offering advantages such as facilitating phase transfer through solidification and enhancing solvent-focusing efficiency. The optimal gas chromatography conditions include a sample injection volume of 0.2 µL, a split ratio of 1:10, and a flow rate of 0.7 mL min−1. The extraction conditions entail an extraction solvent volume of 20 µL, a disperser solvent (acetone) volume of 500 µL, pH 7.0, 7.0% NaCl (3.5 M), a sample volume of 5.0 mL, an ultrasound duration of 10 min, and a centrifuge time of 7.5 min (800 rpm). These conditions enable the achievement of a high and reasonable linear range of 3.5 to 70. 0 μg mL−1 for both thymol and carvacrol. The detection limits are found to be 0.95 and 0.89 μg mL−1, respectively, for thymol and carvacrol. The obtained relative standard deviations, 2.7% for thymol and 2.6% for carvacrol, demonstrate acceptable precision for the purpose of quantitative analysis.
Molecular Crystal Structure Simulations and Structure-Magnetic Properties of LiFePO4 Composite Particles Optimized by La
Authors: Lin Qing , Su Kaimin , Huang Yajun , He Yun , Zhang Jianbiao , Yang Xingxing , Xu Huiren
Published: August 2024

In this study LiFePO4/C composite particles were synthesized using five different carbon sources via a one-step sol-gel method. La-doped LiFePO4 was also synthesized using the sol-gel method. The XRD pattern of LixLayFePO4 (x = 0.9~1.0, y = 0~0.1) after being calcined at 700 °C for 10 h indicates that as the doping ratio increased, the sample’s cell volume first increased then decreased, reaching a maximum value of 293.36 Å3 (x = 0.94, y = 0.06). The XRD patterns of Li0.92La0.08FePO4 after being calcined at different temperatures for 10 h indicate that with increasing calcination temperature, the (311) diffraction peak drifted toward a smaller diffraction angle. Similarly, the XRD patterns of Li0.92La0.08FePO4 after being calcined at 700 °C for different durations indicate that with increasing calcination times, the (311) diffraction peak drifted toward a larger diffraction angle. The infrared spectrum pattern of LixLayFePO4 (x = 0.9~1.0, y = 0~0.1) after being calcined at 700 °C for 10 h shows absorption peaks corresponding to the vibrations of the Li–O bond and PO43- group. An SEM analysis of LixLayFePO4 (x = 1, y = 0; x = 0.96, y = 0.04; x = 0.92, y = 0.08) after being calcined at 700 °C for 10 h indicates that the particles were irregular in shape and of uniform size. The hysteresis loops of Li0.92La0.08FePO4 after being calcined at 600 °C, 700 °C, or 800 °C for 10 h indicate that with increasing calcination temperature, the Ms gradually increased, while the Mr and Hc decreased, with minimum values of 0.08 emu/g and 58.21 Oe, respectively. The Mössbauer spectra of LixLayFePO4 (x = 1, y = 0; x = 0.96, y = 0.04; x = 0.92, y = 0.08) after being calcined at 700 °C for 10 h indicate that all samples contained Doublet(1) and Doublet(2) peaks, dominated by Fe2+ compounds. The proportions of Fe2+ were 85.5% (x = 1, y = 0), 89.9% (x = 0.96, y = 0.04), and 96.0% (x = 0.92, y = 0.08). The maximum IS and QS of Doublet(1) for the three samples were 1.224 mm/s and 2.956 mm/s, respectively.
Isothiocyanate-Based Microemulsions Loaded into Biocompatible Hydrogels as Innovative Biofumigants for Agricultural Soils
Authors: Baglioni Michele , Clemente Ilaria , Tamasi Gabriella , Bisozzi Flavia , Costantini Sara , Fattori Giacomo , Gentile Mariangela , Rossi Claudio
Published: August 2024

Biofumigation was proposed as an alternative to synthetic pesticides for the disinfection of agricultural soils, in view of the biocidal effect of isothiocyanates (ITCs) released by some vegetal species, like Brassicaceae. However, biofumigation also presents limitations; thus, a novel and viable alternative could be the direct introduction of ITCs into agricultural soils as components loaded into biodegradable hydrogels. Thus, in this work, ITCs-based microemulsions were developed, which can be loaded into porous polymer-based hydrogel beads based on sodium alginate (ALG) or sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Three ITCs (ethyl, phenyl, and allyl isothiocyanate) and three different surfactants (sodium dodecylsulfate, Brij 35, and Tween 80) were considered. The optimal system was characterized with attenuated ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry to study how the microemulsion/gels interaction affects the gel properties, such as the equilibrium water content or free water index. Finally, loading and release profiles were studied by means of UV–Vis spectrophotometry. It was found that CMC hydrogel beads showed a slightly more efficient profile of micelles’ release in water with respect to ALG beads. For this reason, and due to the enhanced contribution of Fe(III) to their biocidal properties, CMC-based hydrogels are the most promising in view of the application on real agricultural soils.
Preparation and Preclinical Evaluation of 18F-Labeled Olutasidenib Derivatives for Non-Invasive Detection of Mutated Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 (mIDH1)
Authors: Cologni Roberta , Holschbach Marcus , Schneider Daniela , Bier Dirk , Schulze Annette , Stegmayr Carina , Endepols Heike , Ermert Johannes , Neumaier Felix , Neumaier Bernd
Published: August 2024

Mutations of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) are key biomarkers for glioma classification, but current methods for detection of mutated IDH1 (mIDH1) require invasive tissue sampling and cannot be used for longitudinal studies. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with mIDH1-selective radioligands is a promising alternative approach that could enable non-invasive assessment of the IDH status. In the present work, we developed efficient protocols for the preparation of four 18F-labeled derivatives of the mIDH1-selective inhibitor olutasidenib. All four probes were characterized by cellular uptake studies with U87 glioma cells harboring a heterozygous IDH1 mutation (U87-mIDH) and the corresponding wildtype cells (U87-WT). In addition, the most promising probe was evaluated by PET imaging in healthy mice and mice bearing subcutaneous U87-mIDH and U87-WT tumors. Although all four probes inhibited mIDH1 with variable potencies, only one of them ([18F]mIDH-138) showed significantly higher in vitro uptake into U87-mIDH compared to U87-WT cells. In addition, PET imaging with [18F]mIDH-138 in mice demonstrated good in vivo stability and low non-specific uptake of the probe, but also revealed significantly higher uptake into U87-WT compared to U87-mIDH tumors. Finally, application of a two-tissue compartment model (2TCM) to the PET data indicated that preferential tracer uptake into U87-WT tumors results from higher specific binding rather than from differences in tracer perfusion. In conclusion, these results corroborate recent findings that mIDH1-selective inhibition may not directly correlate with mIDH1-selective target engagement and indicate that in vivo engagement of wildtype and mutated IDH1 may be governed by factors that are not faithfully reproduced by in vitro assays, both of which could complicate development of PET probes.
Total Syntheses and Anti-Inflammatory Studies of Three Natural Coumarins: Glycycoumarin, Glycyrin, and 3-O-Methylglycyrol
Authors: Peng Ting , Long Bin , Yang Xiuli , Wang Na , Wang Ximeng , He Yujiao , Dong Hongbo
Published: August 2024

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch), a significant traditional Chinese herbal medicine, has been extensively utilized in China to treat various ailments. Natural bioactive coumarins, glycycoumarin, glycyrin, and 3-O-methylglycyrol, were isolated from licorice, and they exhibited various pharmacological properties. In this report, we have accomplished the total synthesis of glycycoumarin, glycyrin, and 3-O-methylglycyrol in 5–7 linear steps from commercially available 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzaldehyde with yields of 12.3–21.2%. Additionally, their anti-inflammatory activities were studied and compared. Glycycoumarin, glycyrin, and 3-O-methylglycyrol exhibited different levels of anti-inflammatory activities, with glycyrin being the most potent. Mechanistic studies indicated that glycyrin exerted its anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting the activation of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, making it a potential anti-inflammatory lead compound for further optimization and discovery of new agents.
The Phytochemical, Quercetin, Attenuates Nociceptive and Pathological Pain: Neurophysiological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Takeda Mamoru , Sashide Yukito , Toyota Ryou , Ito Haruka
Published: August 2024

Although phytochemicals are plant-derived toxins that are primarily produced as a form of defense against insects or microbes, several lines of study have demonstrated that the phytochemical, quercetin, has several beneficial biological actions for human health, including antioxidant and inflammatory effects without side effects. Quercetin is a flavonoid that is widely found in fruits and vegetables. Since recent studies have demonstrated that quercetin can modulate neuronal excitability in the nervous system, including nociceptive sensory transmission via mechanoreceptors and voltage-gated ion channels, and inhibit the cyclooxygenase-2-cascade, it is possible that quercetin could be a complementary alternative medicine candidate; specifically, a therapeutic agent against nociceptive and pathological pain. The focus of this review is to elucidate the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the modulatory effects of quercetin on nociceptive neuronal activity under nociceptive and pathological conditions, without inducing side effects. Based on the results of our previous research on trigeminal pain, we have confirmed in vivo that the phytochemical, quercetin, demonstrates (i) a local anesthetic effect on nociceptive pain, (ii) a local anesthetic effect on pain related to acute inflammation, and (iii) an anti-inflammatory effect on chronic pain. In addition, we discuss the contribution of quercetin to the relief of nociceptive and inflammatory pain and its potential clinical application.
Antibacterial Efficacy and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized via Methanolic Extract of Fomes fomentarius L. Fr.
Authors: Pavić Valentina , Kovač-Andrić Elvira , Ćorić Ivan , Rebić Stella , Užarević Zvonimir , Gvozdić Vlatka
Published: August 2024

Green synthesis employs environmentally friendly, biodegradable substances for the production of nanomaterials. This study aims to develop an innovative method for synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using a methanolic extract of Fomes fomentarius L. Fr. as the reducing agent and to assess the potential antibacterial properties of the resulting nanoparticles. The successful synthesis of AgNPs was confirmed through characterization techniques such as UV-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). The UV-Vis analysis revealed an absorption peak at 423 nm, while FT-IR identified key phytochemical compounds involved in the reduction process. PXRD analysis indicated a face-centered cubic (fcc) structure with prominent peaks observed at 2θ = 38°, 44.6°, 64.6°, and 78°, confirming the crystalline nature of the AgNPs, with a crystallite diameter of approximately 24 nm, consistent with TEM analysis. The synthesized AgNPs demonstrated significant antibacterial activity, particularly against S. aureus, with higher efficacy against gram-positive bacteria.
Low-Cost Ni-W Catalysts Supported on Glucose/Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Carbons for Sustainable Ethylene Glycol Synthesis
Authors: Morais Rafael G. , Ribeiro Lucília S. , Órfão José J. M. , Pereira Manuel Fernando R.
Published: August 2024

The production of ethylene glycol (EG) from cellulose has garnered significant attention in recent years as an attractive alternative to fossil fuels due to the potential of cellulose as a renewable and sustainable feedstock. In this work, to the best of our knowledge, a series of low-cost Ni-W bimetallic catalysts supported on glucose/carbon nanotube hybrid carbons were synthesised for the first time and employed to transform cellulose into EG. Two different strategies were combined for the preparation of the carbons: the activation and addition of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to obtain a hybrid material (AG-CNT). The catalytic conversion process proceeded through cellulose hydrolysis to glucose, followed by glucose retro-aldol condensation to glycolaldehyde and its subsequent hydrogenation to EG. Through the optimisation of the catalyst’s properties, particularly the metals’ content, a good synergistic effect of C-C bond cleavage and hydrogenation capabilities was assured, resulting in the highly selective production of EG. The balance between Ni and W active sites was confirmed to be a crucial parameter. Thus, total cellulose conversion (100%) was achieved with EG yields of 60–62%, which are amongst the best yields ever reported for the catalytic conversion of cellulose into EG via carbon-supported catalysts.