bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A FAIR and modular image‐based workflow for knowledge discovery in the emerging field of imageomics
Authors: Balk Meghan A. , Bradley John , Maruf M. , Altintaş Bahadir , Bakiş Yasin , Bart Henry L. , Breen David , Florian Christopher R. , Greenberg Jane , Karpatne Anuj , Karnani Kevin , Mabee Paula , Pepper Joel , Jebbia Dom , Tabarin Thibault , Wang Xiaojun , Lapp Hilmar
Published: April 2024

Image‐based machine learning tools are an ascendant ‘big data’ research avenue. Citizen science platforms, like iNaturalist, and museum‐led initiatives provide researchers with an abundance of data and knowledge to extract. These include extraction of metadata, species identification, and phenomic data. Ecological and evolutionary biologists are increasingly using complex, multi‐step processes on data. These processes often include machine learning techniques, often built by others, that are difficult to reuse by other members in a collaboration.

We present a conceptual workflow model for machine learning applications using image data to extract biological knowledge in the emerging field of imageomics. We derive an implementation of this conceptual workflow for a specific imageomics application that adheres to FAIR principles as a formal workflow definition that allows fully automated and reproducible execution, and consists of reusable workflow components.

We outline technologies and best practices for creating an automated, reusable and modular workflow, and we show how they promote the reuse of machine learning models and their adaptation for new research questions. This conceptual workflow can be adapted: it can be semi‐automated, contain different components than those presented here, or have parallel components for comparative studies.

We encourage researchers—both computer scientists and biologists—to build upon this conceptual workflow that combines machine learning tools on image data to answer novel scientific questions in their respective fields.
Corporate inversion, cost of equity and ineffective tax reform
Authors: Hong Liu , Zhou Tianpeng
Published: April 2024

US multinational firms typically invert either through a pure form or by merging with foreign entities. Our research documents that pure inversions increase inverting firms' cost of equity, while merger inversions decrease it. These results remain robust across different measures of the cost of equity. We also demonstrate that the 2004 tax reform is ineffective in reducing US multinational firms' tendency to invert. Instead, it prompts firms to shift from pure inversions to merger inversions, which are less value‐enhancing due to their lower tax benefits. It is unlikely that the legislators had foreseen these outcomes.
Letter: Shorter duration of intravenous terlipressin for variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis—A promising find. Author's reply
Authors: Biswas Sagnik , Vaishnav Manas , Shalimar
Published: April 2024

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Vaishnav et al papers. To view these articles, visithttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17868andhttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17976
Editorial: Crystalising the burden of steatotic liver disease—Authors' reply
Authors: Schneider Carolin V. , Schneider Kai Markus , Loomba Rohit
Published: April 2024

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Schneider et al papers. To view these articles, visithttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17958andhttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17986
Editorial: Sequencing rescue therapy for acute severe ulcerative colitis—Ready for revision? Authors' reply
Authors: García María José , Gisbert Javier P. , Chaparro María
Published: April 2024

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to García et al papers. To view these articles, visithttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17938andhttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17973
Steatotic liver disease‐associated all‐cause/cause‐specific mortality in the United States
Authors: Kim Donghee , Wijarnpreecha Karn , Cholankeril George , Ahmed Aijaz
Published: April 2024

Background

Recently, a panel of multi‐society experts proposed steatotic liver disease (SLD) as an alternative terminology for metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Aims

We compared the impact of SLD, subtype of SLD, MAFLD and NAFLD on all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality.

Methods

A total of 7811 individuals in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and linked mortality through 2019 were analysed. SLD was defined based on ultrasonographic hepatic steatosis. SLD, subtype of SLD and MAFLD were defined using the proposed definitions. The Cox proportional hazard model assessed all‐cause/cause‐specific mortality.

Results

During a median follow‐up of 27.1 years, individuals with SLD and MAFLD experienced approximately 13%–23% higher risk of all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.29 for SLD; HR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.09–1.38 for MAFLD; HR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.01–1.27 for metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease [MASLD]). Individuals with MetALD demonstrated a higher risk of all‐cause (HR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.10–2.57) and cancer‐related mortality (HR: 2.40, 95% CI: 1.23–4.66). MASLD with advanced fibrosis had an increased risk of all‐cause mortality compared to MASLD without advanced fibrosis.

Conclusions

SLD, especially MASLD and MetALD, is associated with increased all‐cause mortality among adults in the US. Given this significant association between SLD or subtype of SLD (MASLD and MetALD) and all‐cause mortality, adopting the proposed SLD criteria may help identify a sub‐group of individuals with SLD who are at an increased risk for all‐cause mortality.
The histone demethylase JMJD1C regulates CPS1 expression and promotes the proliferation of paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria clones through cell metabolic reprogramming
Authors: Chen Yingying , Liu Hui , Wang Chaomeng , Chen Weixin , Li Liyan , Wu Junshu , Wang Guanrou , Ling Guang Sheng , Fu Rong
Published: April 2024

Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) is a disorder resulting from erythrocyte membrane deficiencies caused by PIG‐A gene mutations. While current treatments alleviate symptoms, they fail to address the underlying cause of the disease—the pathogenic PNH clones. In this study, we found that the expression of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1) was downregulated in PNH clones, and the level of CPS1 was negatively correlated with the proportion of PNH clones. Using PIG‐A knockout K562 (K562 KO) cells, we demonstrated that CPS1 knockdown increased cell proliferation and altered cell metabolism, suggesting that CPS1 participates in PNH clonal proliferation through metabolic reprogramming. Furthermore, we observed an increase in the expression levels of the histone demethylase JMJD1C in PNH clones, and JMJD1C expression was negatively correlated with CPS1 expression. Knocking down JMJD1C in K562 KO cells upregulated CPS1 and H3K36me3 expression, decreased cell proliferation and increased cell apoptosis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis further demonstrated that H3K36me3 regulated CPS1 expression. Finally, we demonstrated that histone demethylase inhibitor JIB‐04 can suppressed K562 KO cell proliferation and reduced the proportion of PNH clones in PNH mice. In conclusion, aberrant regulation of the JMJD1C‐H3K36me3‐CPS1 axis contributes to PNH clonal proliferation. Targeting JMJD1C with a specific inhibitor unveils a potential strategy for treating PNH patients.
Cell redistribution of G quadruplex‐structured DNA is associated with morphological changes of nuclei and nucleoli in neurons during tau pathology progression
Authors: Comptdaer Thomas , Tardivel Meryem , Schirmer Claire , Buée Luc , Galas Marie‐Christine
Published: April 2024

While the double helical structure has long been its iconic representation, DNA is structurally dynamic and can adopt alternative secondary configurations. Specifically, guanine‐rich DNA sequences can fold in guanine quadruplexes (G4) structures. These G4 play pivotal roles as regulators of gene expression and genomic stability, and influence protein homeostasis. Despite their significance, the association of G4 with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been underappreciated. Recent findings have identified DNA sequences predicted to form G4 in sarkosyl‐insoluble aggregates from AD brains, questioning the involvement of G4‐structured DNA (G4 DNA) in the pathology. Using immunofluorescence coupled to confocal microscopy analysis we investigated the impact of tau pathology, a hallmark of tauopathies including AD, on the distribution of G4 DNA in murine neurons and its relevance to AD brains. In healthy neurons, G4 DNA is detected in nuclei with a notable presence in nucleoli. However, in a transgenic mouse model of tau pathology (THY‐Tau22), early stages of the disease exhibit an impairment in the nuclear distribution of G4 DNA. In addition, G4 DNA accumulates in the cytoplasm of neurons exhibiting oligomerized tau and oxidative DNA damage. This altered distribution persists in the later stage of the pathology when larger tau aggregates are present. Still cytoplasmic deposition of G4 DNA does not appear to be a critical factor in the tau aggregation process. Similar patterns are observed in neurons from the AD cortex. Furthermore, the disturbance in G4 DNA distribution is associated with various changes in the size of neuronal nuclei and nucleoli, indicative of responses to stress and the activation of pro‐survival mechanisms. Our results shed light on a significant impact of tau pathology on the dynamics of G4 DNA and on nuclear and nucleolar mechanobiology in neurons. These findings reveal new dimensions in the etiopathogenesis of tauopathies.
USP3: Key deubiquitylation enzyme in human diseases
Authors: Zhang Hongyan , Liu Wenjing , Wu Yingying , Chen Ceshi
Published: April 2024

Ubiquitination and deubiquitylation are pivotal posttranslational modifications essential for regulating cellular protein homeostasis and are implicated in the development of human diseases. Ubiquitin‐specific protease 3 (USP3), a member of the ubiquitin‐specific protease family, serves as a key deubiquitylation enzyme, playing a critical role in diverse cellular processes including the DNA damage response, cell cycle regulation, carcinogenesis, tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Despite notable research efforts, our current understanding of the intricate and context‐dependent regulatory networks governing USP3 remains incomplete. This review aims to comprehensively synthesize existing published works on USP3, elucidating its multifaceted roles, functions, and regulatory mechanisms, while offering insights for future investigations. By delving into the complexities of USP3, this review strives to provide a foundation for a more nuanced understanding of its specific roles in various cellular processes. Furthermore, the exploration of USP3's regulatory networks may uncover novel therapeutic strategies targeting this enzyme in diverse human diseases, thereby holding promising clinical implications. Overall, an in‐depth comprehension of USP3's functions and regulatory pathways is crucial for advancing our knowledge and developing targeted therapeutic approaches for human diseases.
Interactive Exploration of Vivid Material Iridescence using Bragg Mirrors
Authors: Fourneau G. , Pacanowski R. , Barla P.
Published: April 2024

Many animals, plants or gems exhibit iridescent material appearance in nature. These are due to specific geometric structures at scales comparable to visible wavelengths, yielding so‐called structural colors. The most vivid examples are due to photonic crystals, where a same structure is repeated in one, two or three dimensions, augmenting the magnitude and complexity of interference effects. In this paper, we study the appearance of 1D photonic crystals (repetitive pairs of thin films), also called Bragg mirrors. Previous work has considered the effect of multiple thin films using the classical transfer matrix approach, which increases in complexity when the number of repetitions increases. Our first contribution is to introduce a more efficient closed‐form reflectance formula [Yeh88] for Bragg mirror reflectance to the Graphics community, as well as an approximation that lends itself to efficient spectral integration for RGB rendering. We then explore the appearance of stacks made of rough Bragg layers. Here our contribution is to show that they may lead to a ballistic transmission, significantly speeding up position‐free rendering and leading to an efficient single‐reflection BRDF model.
Contour wavelet diffusion: A fast and high‐quality image generation model
Authors: Ding Yaoyao , Zhu Xiaoxi , Zou Yuntao
Published: April 2024

Diffusion models can generate high‐quality images and have attracted increasing attention. However, diffusion models adopt a progressive optimization process and often have long training and inference time, which limits their application in realistic scenarios. Recently, some latent space diffusion models have partially accelerated training speed by using parameters in the feature space, but additional network structures still require a large amount of unnecessary computation. Therefore, we propose the Contour Wavelet Diffusion method to accelerate the training and inference speed. First, we introduce the contour wavelet transform to extract anisotropic low‐frequency and high‐frequency components from the input image, and achieve acceleration by processing these down‐sampling components. Meanwhile, due to the good reconstructive properties of wavelet transforms, the quality of generated images can be maintained. Second, we propose a Batch‐normalized stochastic attention module that enables the model to effectively focus on important high‐frequency information, further improving the quality of image generation. Finally, we propose a balanced loss function to further improve the convergence speed of the model. Experimental results on several public datasets show that our method can significantly accelerate the training and inference speed of the diffusion model while ensuring the quality of generated images.
Paired fins in vertebrate evolution and ontogeny
Authors: Bayramov Andrey V. , Yastrebov Sergey A. , Mednikov Dmitry N. , Araslanova Karina R. , Ermakova Galina V. , Zaraisky Andrey G.
Published: April 2024

The origin of paired appendages became one of the most important adaptations of vertebrates, allowing them to lead active lifestyles and explore a wide range of ecological niches. The basic form of paired appendages in evolution is the fins of fishes. The problem of paired appendages has attracted the attention of researchers for more than 150 years. During this time, a number of theories have been proposed, mainly based on morphological data, two of which, the Balfour‐Thacher‐Mivart lateral fold theory and Gegenbaur's gill arch theory, have not lost their relevance. So far, however, none of the proposed ideas has been supported by decisive evidence. The study of the evolutionary history of the appearance and development of paired appendages lies at the intersection of several disciplines and involves the synthesis of paleontological, morphological, embryological, and genetic data. In this review, we attempt to summarize and discuss the results accumulated in these fields and to analyze the theories put forward regarding the prerequisites and mechanisms that gave rise to paired fins and limbs in vertebrates.
Appraisal of the IADT fellowship – A member survey
Authors: Onetto Juan , Sobczak Michal , Skapetis Tony , Kahler Bill , Tishkina Olga , Van Gorp Geertje , O'Connell Anne C.
Published: April 2024

Background/Aim

The International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) is considered the foremost authority in Dental Traumatology. Fellowship status was introduced in 2015 and is considered an international standard of excellence. The Fellowship Committee of the IADT believed it was essential to survey members seeking information on the benefits of the IADT Fellowship and potential considerations for future development. This survey aimed to explore the perceptions of members of IADT surrounding the fellowship process in terms of interest, accessibility, equality, perceived prestige, and value to the membership.

Material and Methods

The survey was sent to 546 IADT members, of whom 89 were fellows (as of 31 July 2022) from 74 countries via an email invitation. Answers were analysed using the Chi2 and Fisher's exact test (p < .05).

Results

The response rate to the survey was 20.69% (n = 113), including 28 fellows (24.78%). Forty‐six respondents (40.71%) were female, and 67 (59.30%) were male. Dentists identified as specialists were significantly more likely to be involved in teaching dental trauma (p = .000008). A majority of respondents (87.76%; 86/98) expressed interest in obtaining fellowship, with increased interest from more recent graduates. Learning opportunities, obtaining expertise, networking and a sense of community and prestige, were key factors in considering fellowship. There was interest in alternate pathways other than examination alone, with 60.2% of 98 respondents suggesting a combination of publications /service to IADT/ reviewer for Dental Traumatology, 57.14% suggesting the submission of case reports, and 42.86% suggesting Honorary Fellowship. Respondents (73%) were willing to participate in online discussion forums and other professional development opportunities. This preference was more notable among non‐fellows (75.29%) than fellows (67.85%).

Conclusions

The survey indicates the diverse motivations and perceptions regarding the IADT Fellowship, despite the low participation of IADT members. Achieving fellowship status is desired by 87.7% of non‐fellows. The majority of respondents were aware of the process, but main concerns were identified as eligibility criteria and examination difficulty. Options for alternate pathways and other initiatives promoting engagement were identified. Further exploration of these issues is required to be representative of the entire IADT membership. Addressing these obstacles could significantly enhance fellowship participation and overall member satisfaction within the IADT community.
A systematic search, heuristic evaluation and analysis of dental trauma mobile applications
Authors: Walia Tarun , Muthu M. S. , Saikia Ankita , Anthonappa Robert , Satyanarayana M. S.
Published: April 2024

Background

Despite the exponential growth of mobile device applications in promoting awareness on traumatic dental injuries (TDIs), the overall validity of existing applications in content, engagement, usability, functionality, esthetics, and user perception remains largely uncertain.

Aims

The primary aim was to systematically search and assess the quality, functionality, perceived impact and usability of available applications related to TDIs using the User Version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale (uMARS) and the Coventry, Aberdeen, and London–Revised (CA‐LO‐RE) scale. A heuristic evaluation was additionally performed. The secondary aim was to categorize existing mobile applications according to their target users, including general population, dentists, dental students, medical healthcare professionals, and researchers.

Methods

A systematic search for dental trauma applications (free and paid) was conducted using the AppStore and Google Play store. Two reviewers independently performed data extraction and quality assessment for all the included applications using uMARS and CA‐LO‐RE. A user experience architect conducted a heuristic evaluation.

Results

Only 6 of the 3061 initially screened applications were eligible for qualitative and quantitative assessments. These applications' average star uMARS rating was 12.5 (standard deviation [SD] 2.6). The mean and SD for the uMARS objective items were as follows: A‐engagement (mean 12.1 [SD 3.3]), B‐functionality (mean 15.5 [SD 1.4]), C‐esthetics (mean 9.5 [SD 2.5]), and D‐information (mean 13 [SD 4.5]). The severity rating for the heuristic evaluation criteria was low to moderate for all the included applications, excluding tooth emergencies with a high severity score.

Conclusion

Despite moderate quality, functionality, user perception, behavioural impact and usability scores, the inclusion of advanced features to “engagement” and “usability” in existing trauma based apps will enhance their purpose. A design‐thinking approach coupled with interactive features is recommended for future mobile applications on TDIs.
Emerging Ideas: Personal identity and mother–child relationship: Experiences of young adults raised by single mothers by choice
Authors: Huri Yisca , Attar‐Schwartz Shalhevet , Landau Ruth
Published: April 2024

Objective

This qualitative study examined the experiences of young adults raised by single mothers by choice and the way the circumstances of their upbringing have modeled their personal identity and mother–child relationships.

Background

Being conceived through anonymous sperm donation may create uncertainty among children and young adults. However, there is little research on the implications of this situation from the perspective of young adults.

Method

In‐depth narrative interviews were conducted with 21 young Israeli adults born to single mothers by choice as a result of anonymous sperm donation.

Results

The findings revealed several themes regarding the relationship with the mother, including her image as influential, exclusive, and deeply invested in the relationship. The interviews highlighted anxiety of abandonment and dependency on the mother, who was presented as both powerful and vulnerable or dependent on her child. Participants expressed mix of appreciation and anger toward their mothers' decision. They often conveyed that their mothers had openly and transparently discussed the circumstances surrounding their birth.

Conclusion

The experience of children of single mothers by choice conceived by sperm donation is complex, including mixed feelings regarding their relationship with their mother and the effects of the father's absence on their life and identity.

Implications

The findings underscore the importance of considering anonymity in sperm donation within policy and bioethical research. Additionally, they carry implications for interventions aimed at supporting single‐mother‐by‐choice families.
Awe of the blue minds: Location, corporate social responsibility, and firm value
Authors: Ismail Ghada
Published: April 2024

Neuropsychologists claim that exposure to a massive water scene triggers the feeling of Awe which causes more prosocial behavior. I find that coastal firms have significantly higher corporate social responsibility (CSR) scores than non‐coastal firms. The difference‐in‐difference test shows that CSR engagement erodes when firms relocate away from coasts. These results are robust to the use of propensity score matching and entropy balancing to address selection bias, Oster's test to address omitted variable bias, and control for institutional ownership, social capital, religiosity, CEO and local political orientation, and natural disaster risk. Further analysis shows that CSR creates value only for coastal firms.
A practical method based on gas chromatography–mass spectrometry combined with chemometrics for the identification of Moutai liquor
Authors: Zhang Jian , Yin Baohua , Lian Zhe , Sun Huihui , Zhang Guannan , Li Zhihao , Zhang Xiuxiu , Liu Zhenxing , Qi Fengliang , Zou Jixin , Shi Gaojun
Published: April 2024

The cases of fake Moutai‐flavour liquor have occurred frequently, seriously disrupting market economic order, therefore it is of great significance to realise the Moutai‐flavour liquor identification. Herein, an approach based on GC–MS technology coupled with chemometrics was established to achieve products identification and origins traceability. The normalised metabolite data were analysed by PCA, OPLS‐DA and volcano plot to screen differential metabolites. The heatmap visualisation and boxplot were used to explore the correlation between chemical markers and liquor samples. PLS‐DA model realised the accurate classification of Moutai‐flavour liquor samples using the screened chemical markers. All Moutai‐flavour liquor samples of the prediction set were accurately differentiated with 100% accuracy during the external verification. This study indicated that an approach based on GC–MS coupled with chemometrics has great potential for products identification and source tracing, thus providing technical support for combating crime of fake Moutai‐flavour liquor.
The attitudes of nurses towards seclusion: A New Zealand in‐patient mental health setting
Authors: Pohatu Carly , Kake Tai
Published: April 2024

Seclusion is a form of restraint practised in mental health services world‐wide, and has been criticised as unethical and traumatising to patients. Several countries have committed to reducing or eliminating seclusion. In New Zealand, there has been a focus on reducing seclusion of the indigenous Māori population, who experience particularly high rates. Nurses typically lead decisions to place patients in seclusion and their attitudes towards seclusion likely influence this process. This study aimed to address the primary question: what are the attitudes of registered nurses towards the use of seclusion? A mixed methods pragmatic approach was used involving qualitative interviews of nurses working in a high seclusion mental health ward located in the North Island of New Zealand, and a quantitative analysis of the seclusion data from this ward. This report is adherent with COREQ and STROBE. Thirteen nurses were interviewed and four main themes were identified: seclusion is necessary; seclusion is being used unnecessarily; nurse characteristics influence the use of seclusion; nurses perceived their ward culture to be improving in the use of seclusion. However, analysis of seclusion data indicated that rates had been increasing for this ward prior to this study, and the rates for indigenous Māori patients were especially elevated. This pattern of increasing rates was congruent with the ‘supportive’ attitudes of nurses towards seclusion. Interestingly, during the time of this study, the seclusion rates began to decline, including for Māori patients. This decline may have been partially due to the increased awareness prompted by the study.
Nurses’ level of sleepiness during night shift
Authors: Kaplan Ali , Ozdemir Cevriye , Bulbul Emre
Published: April 2024

Aims

This study aimed to determine the peak hours of sleepiness and the factors affecting the sleepiness levels of nurses.

Background

Sleepiness is commonly seen in individuals working night shifts. However, in case of nurses, this sleepiness can be a major threat to patient and staff safety.

Method

This was a prospective cross‐sectional study. Data were collected between July and September 2023, and a stratified sampling method was used according to the departments in which the nurses worked. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form and Visual Analog Scale. Nurses reported their sleepiness levels at the beginning of each hour between midnight and 8:00 am.

EQUATOR checklist

The study adhered to the STROBE checklist for reporting.

Results

The mean sleepiness levels of emergency department nurses, intensive care nurses, internal or surgical clinic nurses, and all nurses were 59.75 ± 15.50, 43.53 ± 20.49, 44.67 ± 18.88, and 49.15 ± 19.67, respectively. The highest sleepiness level of the nurses was at 05:00 am. A significant correlation was found between the variables of age, gender, marital status, sleep quality, number of patients cared, working style and satisfaction with working in the department, and sleepiness level (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Nurses working night shifts experience sleepiness (highest at 5:00 am). In addition, the sleepiness levels of nurses are affected by some personal and clinical factors.

Implications for nursing and nursing policy

Based on the results, there is a need for necessary policies regarding nurses' working hours and working conditions. To protect patient and employee safety, necessary strategies should be devised regarding the hours when nurses experience the highest sleepiness and the factors affecting sleepiness levels.
Assessing digital capabilities for digital transformation—The MIND framework
Authors: Baiyere Abayomi , Salmela Hannu , Nieminen Harri , Kankainen Tomi
Published: April 2024

With the rise in the advances and adoption of digital technologies and evolving business dynamics, we live in an era where many organisations are embarking on digital transformation. To stay relevant, however, organisations struggle to comprehensively outline the digital capabilities they have or need in relation to the digital transformation objectives they aim for. This struggle stems from the paucity of knowledge and practical guidance on how to assess the digital capabilities of organisations relative to their desired digital transformation goals. This paper presents a framework (MIND Framework) for assessing digital capabilities in four critical areas – Management (M), Infrastructure (I), Networking/Sourcing (N), and Development (D) – abstracted from prior literature. The framework assesses digital capability status in each area in relation to the organisation's stated digital transformation goals. MIND, which is an outcome of a multi‐year design science research project, helps organisations assess their current capability status and create a pathway for navigating from their current status to the desired transformation state. In this article, we describe an in‐depth application of the MIND framework in assessing the digital capabilities of an incumbent company in the digital transformation process. Based on this, we illustrate how the framework can provide valuable insights and attitudinal shifts in an organisation's digital transformation efforts. We further abstract from the case to demonstrate how the assessment of an organisation's digital capabilities can provide valuable insights and critical input for any organisation embarking on a digital transformation journey. We conclude with a detailed guideline on how organisations can apply the MIND framework in their transformation journey.
Bortezomib suppresses acute myelogenous leukaemia stem‐like KG‐1a cells via NF‐κB inhibition and the induction of oxidative stress
Authors: Costa Rafaela G. A. , Oliveira Maiara de S. , Rodrigues Ana Carolina B. da C. , Silva Suellen L. R. , Dias Ingrid R. S. B. , Soares Milena B. P. , de Faro Valverde Ludmila , Gurgel Rocha Clarissa Araujo , Dias Rosane Borges , Bezerra Daniel P.
Published: April 2024

Acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) originates and is maintained by leukaemic stem cells (LSCs) that are inherently resistant to antiproliferative therapies, indicating that a critical strategy for overcoming chemoresistance in AML therapy is to eradicate LSCs. In this work, we investigated the anti‐AML activity of bortezomib (BTZ), emphasizing its anti‐LSC potential, using KG‐1a cells, an AML cell line with stem‐like properties. BTZ presented potent cytotoxicity to both solid and haematological malignancy cells and reduced the stem‐like features of KG‐1a cells, as observed by the reduction in CD34‐ and CD123‐positive cells. A reduction in NF‐κB p65 nuclear staining was observed in BTZ‐treated KG‐1a cells, in addition to upregulation of the NF‐κB inhibitor gene NFΚBIB. BTZ‐induced DNA fragmentation, nuclear condensation, cell shrinkage and loss of transmembrane mitochondrial potential along with an increase in active caspase‐3 and cleaved PARP‐(Asp 214) level in KG‐1a cells. Furthermore, BTZ‐induced cell death was partially prevented by pretreatment with the pancaspase inhibitor Z‐VAD‐(OMe)‐FMK, indicating that BTZ induces caspase‐mediated apoptosis. BTZ also increased mitochondrial superoxide levels in KG‐1a cells, and BTZ‐induced apoptosis was partially prevented by pretreatment with the antioxidant N‐acetylcysteine, indicating that BTZ induces oxidative stress‐mediated apoptosis in KG‐1a cells. At a dosage of 0.1 mg/kg every other day for 2 weeks, BTZ significantly reduced the percentage of hCD45‐positive cells in the bone marrow and peripheral blood of NSG mice engrafted with KG‐1a cells with tolerable toxicity. Taken together, these data indicate that the anti‐LSC potential of BTZ appears to be an important strategy for AML treatment.
Paediatric cutaneous lymphomas including rare subtypes: A 40‐year experience at a tertiary referral centre
Authors: Alberti‐Violetti Silvia , Avallone Gianluca , Colonna Cristiana , Tavoletti Gianluca , Venegoni Luigia , Merlo Valentina , Cambiaghi Stefano , Marzano Angelo V. , Berti Emilio , Cavalli Riccardo
Published: April 2024

Background

Primary cutaneous lymphomas are neoplasms of the immune system with a distinct tropism for the skin and an absence of extracutaneous manifestations at the time of diagnosis. Studies focusing on cutaneous lymphomas in children and adolescents remain scarce and often do not encompass the rare subtypes.

Objectives

To address this knowledge gap by describing the clinical, histological and molecular characteristics of a large group of paediatric patients affected by primary cutaneous lymphoma. We also provided the Paediatric Primary Cutaneous Lymphoma Atlas that illustrates the clinicopathological spectrum of observed presentations, in the hope of supporting other physicians in the diagnostic process.

Methods

Retrospective chart review of paediatric patients diagnosed with primary cutaneous lymphomas between 1980 and 2022 at the Paediatric Dermatology Unit of Fondazione IRCCS Ca′ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan.

Results

A total of 101 patients (58 males, 43 females) met the inclusion criteria. The most common subtypes were lymphomatoid papulosis (n = 48) and mycosis fungoides (n = 31). These were followed by primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium T‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders (n = 7), primary cutaneous anaplastic large‐cell lymphomas (n = 5), primary cutaneous marginal zone B‐cell lymphomas (n = 3), primary cutaneous follicle centre lymphomas (n = 2), subcutaneous panniculitis‐like T‐cell lymphomas (n = 2), primary cutaneous peripheral T‐cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (n = 1), primary cutaneous precursor B‐lymphoblastic lymphoma (n = 1) and Sézary syndrome (n = 1). Clinical follow‐up data covering a median of 70.8 months (range 1–324) were available for 74 patients, of whom three died due to cutaneous lymphoma.

Conclusions

Our findings shed light on the peculiar aspects and long‐term outcomes of paediatric cutaneous lymphomas, particularly emphasizing their distinctive features in comparison to their adult counterparts and exploring the less common subtypes. Further larger‐scale studies are warranted to better characterize these entities and to achieve a more rapid and accurate diagnosis.
Taxonomical use of scale ornamentation: Challenges by intraspecific and intra‐individual variations in four adult specimens of Polypterus bichir
Authors: Coelho Marcos Vinícius , Cupello Camila , Brito Paulo M. , Otero Olga
Published: April 2024

Many actinopterygian fish groups, including fossil and extant polypteriforms and lepisosteiforms, fossil halecomorphs, and some basal teleosts, have stout bony scales covered by layers of ganoin—an enamel layer ornamented with minute tubercles. Ganoid scales preserve well as disarticulated remains and notably constitute most of the fossil record for polypteriform in both South America and Africa. Based on two variables (tubercle size and distance between tubercles), some authors reported that the ganoin tubercle ornamentation in these scales is constant within a species and differs between species and allows distinguishing species or at least groups of species. However, despite its promising potential for assessing polypteriform paleodiversity, this tool has remained unused, probably because the variables are not well defined, and intraspecific variation does not seem to have been considered. To address this gap, we aimed to test the intraspecific and intra‐individual variation in the ornamentation of ganoid scales in the type species Polypterus bichir. We propose three different parameters to describe the tubercle ornamentation: the distance between contiguous tubercles centers, their density, and their relative spatial organization. With these parameters, we investigate the variation in ganoin ornamentation among four specimens and across different regions of the body. Our results show that the distribution of the tubercles is highly variable within a same species, regardless of the body region, and sometimes even between different sectors of a same scale. Moreover, the variation observed in P. bichir overlaps with the distribution described in the literature for several extant and fossil species. Thus far, the ornamentation of ganoid scales is not a reliable diagnostical feature for polypterids.
The complexity of extracellular vesicles: Bridging the gap between cellular communication and neuropathology
Authors: Tam Stephanie , Wear Darcy , Morrone Christopher D. , Yu Wai Haung
Published: April 2024

Brain‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve a prominent role in maintaining homeostasis and contributing to pathology in health and disease. This review establishes a crucial link between physiological processes leading to EV biogenesis and their impacts on disease. EVs are involved in the clearance and transport of proteins and nucleic acids, responding to changes in cellular processes associated with neurodegeneration, including autophagic disruption, organellar dysfunction, aging, and other cell stresses. In neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, etc.), EVs contribute to the spread of pathological proteins like amyloid β, tau, ɑ‐synuclein, prions, and TDP‐43, exacerbating neurodegeneration and accelerating disease progression. Despite evidence for both neuropathological and neuroprotective effects of EVs, the mechanistic switch between their physiological and pathological functions remains elusive, warranting further research into their involvement in neurodegenerative disease. Moreover, owing to their innate ability to traverse the blood–brain barrier and their ubiquitous nature, EVs emerge as promising candidates for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The review uniquely positions itself at the intersection of EV cell biology, neurophysiology, and neuropathology, offering insights into the diverse biological roles of EVs in health and disease.

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Improving Recess through Collaboration: Exploring the Facilitators and Barriers to Sustaining Positive Playground Behavior*
Authors: Arnold Jim P. , Farello Anna , Özkoca Nazlı , Ozenbaugh Isabella , Braxling Cole , Massey William V.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

School recess quality is vital to children's social and emotional skill development. However, there is a research‐to‐practice gap where academic findings are ineffectively translated back to schools. The aims of this study were to examine how a co‐designed intervention would impact negative behaviors observed during recess and to explore the facilitators and barriers to recess implementation over the course of a school year.

METHODS

Utilizing a research‐practice partnership, the authors collaborated with staff at an elementary school to design, implement, and assess an intervention focused on improving recess quality. The intervention offered training in research‐supported recess practices through professional development training and teaching students transitions and games. The school's recess behavioral report log of negative playground behaviors across the academic year and notes from recess staff meetings were analyzed.

RESULTS

Quantitative results pointed to a stable decrease in negative playground behaviors post‐intervention compared to pre‐intervention. Qualitative analyses suggest school leadership and practitioners should focus on “reculturing” recess prior to making structural changes, and empowering recess staff to sustain change.

CONCLUSION

Prior to considering interventions at recess, there is a need to assess both school and recess culture. In doing so, reculturing around the importance of recess during the school day and the roles of adults in the process is needed to ensure the sustainability of any changes made.
Sleep quality during and after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID‐19) lockdowns in the UK: Results from the SleepQuest study
Authors: Blackman Jonathan , Gabb Victoria Grace , Carrigan Neil , Wearn Alfie , Meky Saba , Selwood James , Desai Bhavisha , Piggins Hugh D. , Turner Nicholas , Greenwood Rosemary , Coulthard Elizabeth
Published: April 2024

Sleep is fundamental to health. The aim of this study was to analyse and determine factors predicting sleep quality during and after national lockdowns due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID‐19) in the UK. A longitudinal online survey‐based study (SleepQuest) involving UK adults was administered in Spring 2020, Winter 2020, and Winter 2022 including questionnaires probing sleep quality, depression, anxiety, beliefs about sleep, demographics, COVID‐19 status, and exercise. The primary outcome was sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index). A linear mixed‐effects model evaluated factors associated with baseline and longitudinal sleep quality. Complete data were provided by 3306 participants in Spring 2020, 2196 participants in Winter 2020, and 1193 in Winter 2022. Participants were mostly female (73.8%), white (97.4%), and aged over 50 years (81.0%). On average, participants reported poor sleep quality in Spring 2020 (mean [SD] Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score = 6.59 [3.6]) and Winter 2020 (mean [SD] Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score = 6.44 [3.6]), with improved but still poor sleep quality in Winter 2022 (mean [SD] Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score = 6.17 [3.5]). Improved sleep quality was driven by better subjective sleep and reduced daytime dysfunction and sleep latency. Being female, older, having caring responsibilities, working nightshifts, and reporting higher levels of depression, anxiety, and unhelpful beliefs about sleep were associated with worse baseline PSQI scores. Better sleep quality was associated with more days exercising per week at baseline. Interventions focusing on improving mental health, exercise, and attitudes towards sleep, particularly in at‐risk groups, may improve sleep‐related outcomes in future pandemics.
Tree water uptake patterns across the globe
Authors: Bachofen Christoph , Tumber‐Dávila Shersingh Joseph , Mackay D. Scott , McDowell Nate G. , Carminati Andrea , Klein Tamir , Stocker Benjamin D. , Mencuccini Maurizio , Grossiord Charlotte
Published: April 2024

Plant water uptake from the soil is a crucial element of the global hydrological cycle and essential for vegetation drought resilience. Yet, knowledge of how the distribution of water uptake depth (WUD) varies across species, climates, and seasons is scarce relative to our knowledge of aboveground plant functions. With a global literature review, we found that average WUD varied more among biomes than plant functional types (i.e. deciduous/evergreen broadleaves and conifers), illustrating the importance of the hydroclimate, especially precipitation seasonality, on WUD. By combining records of rooting depth with WUD, we observed a consistently deeper maximum rooting depth than WUD with the largest differences in arid regions – indicating that deep taproots act as lifelines while not contributing to the majority of water uptake. The most ubiquitous observation across the literature was that woody plants switch water sources to soil layers with the highest water availability within short timescales. Hence, seasonal shifts to deep soil layers occur across the globe when shallow soils are drying out, allowing continued transpiration and hydraulic safety. While there are still significant gaps in our understanding of WUD, the consistency across global ecosystems allows integration of existing knowledge into the next generation of vegetation process models.
Species diversity promotes facilitation under stressful conditions
Authors: Danet Alain , Bautista Susana , Génin Alexandre , Beckerman Andrew P. , Anthelme Fabien , Kéfi Sonia
Published: April 2024

Climate change is expected to lead to a drier world, with more frequent and severe droughts, constituting a growing threat to biodiversity, especially in drylands. Positive plant−plant interactions, such as nurse plants facilitating beneficiary communities in their understorey, could mitigate such climate‐induced stress. However, testing the real‐world relevance of nurse facilitation under drought requires accounting for interactions within the diverse beneficiary communities, which may reduce, or amplify the buffering effect of a nurse. Here, we investigated when and how the interactions among nurse plants and beneficiary community members buffered drought effects in a Mediterranean semiarid abandoned cropland. We transplanted sapling beneficiary communities of either one or three species either under a nurse or in open microsites for different soil moisture levels through watering. Net facilitative effects on survival and biomass were only observed when beneficiary communities were species‐diverse and under drought (without watering), meaning that under these conditions, facilitation provided by the nurse had larger positive effects than the negative effects stemming from competition with the nurse and among beneficiary species. Nurses appear to be generating these increases in survival and biomass in drought conditions via two mechanisms commonly associated with watering in open sites: they generate complementarity among the beneficiaries and shift traits to lower stress profiles. Contrasting with watering, which was found to enhance competitive hierarchy, our study shows that nurses appear to alter species dominance, favouring the less competitive species. Our results highlight three mechanisms (complementarity, competitive dominance, and trait plasticity) by which nurse species could mitigate the loss of biodiversity and biomass production due to water stress. Maintaining and supporting nurse species is thus a potentially pivotal approach in the face of projected increase in drought conditions for many drylands across the world.

Keywords: biodiversity, dryland, ecosystem functioning, facilitation, functional traits, plant–plant interactions