bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exoplanets, 2003–2013
Authors: Bakos Gáspár Áron
Published: September 2014

Cosmologists and philosophers had long suspected that our sun was a star, and that just like the sun, other stars were also orbited by planets. These and similar ideas led to Giordano Bruno being burned at the stake by the Roman Inquisition in 1600. It was not until 1989, however, that the first exoplanet – a planet outside the solar system – was discovered. While the rate of subsequent discoveries was slow, most of these were important milestones in the research on extrasolar planets, such as finding planets around a pulsar (a compact remnant of a collapsed star) and finding Jupiter-mass planets circling their stars on extremely short period orbits (in less than a few Earth-days). But the first decade of our millennium witnessed an explosion in the number of discovered exoplanets. To date, there are close to one thousand confirmed and three thousand candidate exoplanets. We now know that a large fraction of stars have planets, and that these planets show an enormous diversity, with masses ranging from that of the moon (1/100 that of Earth, or 0.01M⊕) to twenty-five times that of Jupiter (25MJ, or approximately 10,000M⊕); orbital periods from less than a day to many years; orbits from circular to wildly eccentric (ellipses with an “eccentricity” parameter of 0.97, corresponding to an aspect ratio of 1:4); and mean densities from 0.1g cm−3 (1/10 of water) to well over 25g cm−3. Some of these planets orbit their stars in the same direction as the star spins, some orbit in the opposite direction or pass over the stellar poles. Observations have been immensely useful in constraining theories of planetary astrophysics, including with regard to the formation and evolution of planets. In this essay, I summarize some of the key results.
The Odd Couple: Quasars & Black Holes
Authors: Tremaine Scott
Published: September 2014

Quasars emit more energy than any other object in the universe, yet are not much bigger than our solar system. Quasars are powered by giant black holes of up to ten billion (1010) times the mass of the sun. Their enormous luminosities are the result of frictional forces acting upon matter as it spirals toward the black hole, heating the gas until it glows. We also believe that black holes of one million to ten billion solar masses – dead quasars – are present at the centers of most galaxies, including our own. The mass of the central black hole appears to be closely related to other properties of its host galaxy, such as the total mass in stars, but the origin of this relation and the role that black holes play in the formation of galaxies are still mysteries.
Development of leaps in dusky dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obscurus) calves
Authors: Deutsch Sierra , Pearson Heidi , Würsig Bernd
Published: September 2014

Leaping is a highly conspicuous behavior in cetaceans that may function in cooperative hunting and social bonding, thereby converging with forms of intra-specific communication present in other social mammals. However, few studies have analyzed the ontogeny of leaping, an important aspect in determining the adaptive significance of this behavior. The objective of our study was to quantify the ontogeny of leaping in dusky dolphins, a highly acrobatic species that engages in a variety of aerial displays. We tested the hypotheses that: (1) leap frequency changes with calf age, (2) frequency of leap type varies with calf age and (3) frequency of leap type varies by behavioral state. Data were collected off Kaikoura, New Zealand through boat-based group focal follows of nursery groups from October 2006–May 2007. We analyzed data from 73 nursery group encounters according to age category (young calf, yearling) and season (early, late). Early young calves leapt less frequently than late young calves (), but leap frequency did not appear to differ among older calves. Calves learned noisy leaps first, followed by clean leaps, then coordinated leaps, and finally acrobatic leaps as indicated by the positive correlations between week (i.e., calf age) and frequency of clean (), acrobatic () and coordinated () leaps. The relationship between behavioral state and frequency of leap type was not significant. These results indicate that nursery groups represent an important environment for healthy physical and social development of calves. Furthermore, while calves appear to learn the mechanics of leaping individually, they appear to learn the context in which the leaps are performed from conspecifics. This indicates that, as for other socially-complex mammals such as other cetaceans, primates, and social carnivores, social learning may be an important component in the ontogeny of dusky dolphin behavior.
Seasonal plasticity of maternal behaviour in Peromyscus maniculatus
Authors: Stewart Frances E.C. , McAdam Andrew G.
Published: September 2014

Individual variation in maternal care has been shown to have important consequences for offspring behaviour, development, and physiology. The proximate mechanisms associated with these maternal effects have been elegantly detailed in laboratory rodents where environmental variation is typically minimized. However, investigating the ultimate consequences of differences in maternal behaviour and factors that maintain variation in maternal care requires the extension of well established protocols for measuring maternal behaviour in the lab to a wild rodent species. In the present study we build on the important contributions of laboratory research by applying laboratory protocols for quantifying maternal behaviour, maternal provisioning, and maternal responsivity in laboratory rodents to wild-caught Peromyscus, which experience large fluctuations in environmental conditions. We temporarily transported wild-caught deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus gracilis) to a field laboratory for parturition and the first week post partum and then returned individuals with their offspring to the wild. We demonstrate that the proportion of time spent nursing by wild-caught deer mice was similar to previous studies of laboratory rodents and was repeatable within litters. However, in contrast to prior studies of laboratory rodents, the proportion of time spent nursing by wild-caught deer mice was independent of the proportion of time spent licking and grooming and the latency to retrieve pups in a pup-retrieval test. Wild-caught deer mice also exhibited a high degree of seasonal plasticity in nursing behaviour; females that raised litters early in the season spent almost twice as much time nursing as those raising litters at the end of the season. The amount of time spent nursing offspring in captivity was negatively correlated with population density of wild mice in the field at the time of their capture, but such a seasonal decline in nursing could also be caused by other seasonal changes in their natural environment. These findings suggest the potential for much greater plasticity in maternal care by rodents than might otherwise be revealed from studies of animals born and raised under controlled laboratory conditions.
Type species fixation of the genus Abloxurina Johnson, 1992 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Theclinae)
Authors: PRIETO CARLOS , LORENC-BRUDECKA JADWIGA
Published: September 2014

The goal of this paper is to clarify the status and identity of the type species of the lycaenid genus Abloxurina Johnson, 1992 so that the name can be used correctly in future taxonomic work. Abloxurina was originally typified with Thecla amatista Dognin, 1895. However, the specimen examined and illustrated by Johnson (1992) to diagnose the genus was an individual of Penaincisalia ismaeli Busby & Hall, 2005, an undescribed species at that time. Consequently, Johnson’s original typification was based on a misidentification. In order to make Abloxurina available, its type species is fixed under Article 70.3.2 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1999) as P. ismaeli.
A new species of Opecarcinus Kropp & Manning, 1987 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Cryptochiridae) associated with the stony corals Pavona clavus (Dana, 1846) and P. bipartita Nemenzo, 1980 (Scleractinia: Agariciidae)
Authors: MEIJ SANCIA E.T. VAN DER
Published: September 2014

A new species of Opecarcinus Kropp & Manning, 1987, is described from Indonesia and Malaysia. Opecarcinus cathyae sp. nov. is associated with the scleractinian corals Pavona clavus (Dana, 1846) and P. bipartita Nemenzo, 1980, inhabiting crescent-shaped cavities or tunnels on the coral surface. The new species is the ninth assigned to the genus. It can be separated from congeners by the anterolateral orientation of the cornea, the carapace with shallow transverse depressions, lacking longitudinal depressions, and the smooth dorsal margin of the fifth female pereiopod carpus. The distinctive colour pattern can be used as a diagnostic character in live specimens.
Sirindhornia Pinkaew and Muadsub (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a new enarmoniine genus from Thailand
Authors: MUADSUB SOPITA , PINKAEW NANTASAK
Published: September 2014

A new enarmoniine genus, Sirindhornia, n. gen., is described based on the type species, Sirindhornia pulchella, n. sp., and three additional new species: Sirindhornia chaipattana, n. sp., Sirindhornia curvicosta, n. sp., and Sirindhornia bifida, n. sp., all from Thailand. A fifth species represented only by a single female is morphologically characterized but not formally described. Sirindhornia is most closely related to Anthozela Meyrick and Irianassa Meyrick but is easily distinguished by unique appendages of the tegumen and a conspicuous henion in the male genitalia.
The larva of Athripsodes genei (Rambur 1842) (Trichoptera, Leptoceridae)
Authors: WARINGER JOHANN , GRAF WOLFRAM
Published: September 2014

This paper describes the previously unknown larva of Athripsodes genei (Rambur 1842). Information on the morphology of the 5th larval instar is given and the most important diagnostic features are illustrated. In the context of existing identification keys the larva of A. genei keys together with A. albifrons (Linnaeus 1758), A. commutatus (Rostock 1874), A. leucophaeus (Rambur 1842) and Athripsodes tavaresi (Navás 1916). These species differ in the number of ventral edge setae at the 1st tibia and in the shape and colour of the submentum. With respect to zoogeography, Athripsodes genei is a (micro-)endemic of the collin and planar regions of Sardinia and Corsica (Graf et al. 2008). According to mandible morphology, A. genei is a collector-gatherer, shredder and, to a minor extent, also a predator.
“Efficiency Space”: A Framework for Evaluating Joint Evaporation and Runoff Behavior*
Authors: Koster Randal
Published: September 2014

At the land surface, higher soil moisture levels generally lead to both increased evaporation for a given amount of incoming radiation (increased “evaporation efficiency”) and increased runoff for a given amount of precipitation (increased “runoff efficiency”). Evaporation efficiency and runoff efficiency can thus be said to vary with each other, motivating the development of a unique hydroclimatic analysis framework. Using a simple water balance model fitted, in different experiments, with a wide variety of functional forms for evaporation and runoff efficiency, the author transforms net radiation and precipitation fields into fields of streamflow that can be directly evaluated against observations. The optimal combination of the functional forms—the combination that produces the most skillful streamflow simulations—provides an indication for how evaporation and runoff efficiencies vary with each other in nature, a relationship that can be said to define the overall character of land surface hydrological processes, at least to the first order. The inferred optimal relationship is represented herein as a curve in “efficiency space” and should be valuable for the evaluation and development of GCM-based land surface models, which by this measure are often found to be suboptimal.
Impact of Orbital Parameters and Greenhouse Gas on the Climate of MIS 7 and MIS 5 Glacial Inceptions
Authors: Colleoni Florence , Masina Simona , Cherchi Annalisa , Iovino Doroteaciro
Published: September 2014

This work explores the impact of orbital parameters and greenhouse gas concentrations on the climate of marine isotope stage (MIS) 7 glacial inception and compares it to that of MIS 5. The authors use a coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation model to simulate the mean climate state of six time slices at 115, 122, 125, 229, 236, and 239 kyr, representative of a climate evolution from interglacial to glacial inception conditions. The simulations are designed to separate the effects of orbital parameters from those of greenhouse gas (GHG). Their results show that, in all the time slices considered, MIS 7 boreal lands mean annual climate is colder than the MIS 5 one. This difference is explained at 70% by the impact of the MIS 7 GHG. While the impact of GHG over Northern Hemisphere is homogeneous, the difference in temperature between MIS 7 and MIS 5 due to orbital parameters differs regionally and is linked with the Arctic Oscillation. The perennial snow cover is larger in all the MIS 7 experiments compared to MIS 5, as a result of MIS 7 orbital parameters, strengthened by GHG. At regional scale, Eurasia exhibits the strongest response to MIS 7 cold climate with a perennial snow area 3 times larger than in MIS 5 experiments. This suggests that MIS 7 glacial inception is more favorable over this area than over North America. Furthermore, at 239 kyr, the perennial snow covers an area equivalent to that of MIS 5 glacial inception (115 kyr). The authors suggest that MIS 7 glacial inception is more extensive than MIS 5 glacial inception over the high latitudes.
The day Wikipedia stood still: Wikipedia’s editors’ participation in the 2012 anti-SOPA protests as a case study of online organization empowering international and national political opportunity structures
Authors: Konieczny Piotr
Published: September 2014

This article contributes to the discussions on Internet mobilization and on international social movements’ ability to influence national policy. The event studied is the ‘first Internet strike’ of 18 January 2012 aimed against the SOPA legislation proposed in the USA. Wikipedia’s volunteer editors from all around the world took part in the vote concerning whether Wikipedia should undertake a protest action aimed at influencing American policymakers. Wikipedia editors are shown to share values of the international free culture movement, though experienced editors were also likely to be conflicted about whether taking part in a protest action was not violating the site’s principle of encyclopedic neutrality. Further, Wikipedia’s participation in this protest action allowed non-US citizens to have a visible impact on the US national legislation. As such, Wikipedia can be seen as an international social movement organization, whose 24 hour-long blackout of its popular website was a major factor in the success of the anti-SOPA protests. Wikipedia’s blackout was an expression of an international political opportunity structure in the form of worldwide awareness and protests, which in turn enabled a national political opportunity structure by informing and mobilizing American citizens.
Analysis of damage mechanism and tool wear while drilling of 3D woven composite materials using internal and external cutting fluid
Authors: Cadorin N , Zitoune R , Seitier P , Collombet F
Published: September 2014

The aim of this paper is to study the influence of machining parameters and lubrication modes on the mechanisms of damage and tool wear when drilling a new 3D woven composite material used in carter fan of aircraft engine. The composite specimens are drilled using a diamond-coated carbide three lips twist drill (3LTD). The wear mechanisms are quantified in function of the number of drilled holes using microscopy. The results have shown that the feed and the mode of lubrication are the main factors for the initiation of the first damage, which appears on the wall of the hole. The results have also shown that for any mode of lubrication, no delamination is observed at the exit of the hole even at high feed (0.3 mm/rev). This is attributed to the out-of-plane reinforcement of the 3D woven composite material. Moreover, tool wear mechanisms are found proportional to the distance covered by the tool tip and are driven by abrasion phenomenon on the flank face. It is also found that the spindle speed does not have any impact on the tool life.
High-temperature diffusion processes in ultrafine-grained aluminum and its composites containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Choi Hyun Joo , Nam Seung Jin , Hofstetter Jasmin , Buonassisi Tonio , Bae Dong Hyun
Published: September 2014

The present study investigates the effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on atomic diffusion processes in the metal matrix, by comparing growth kinetics of interfacial phases in Al–Cu and Al/MWCNT–Cu diffusion couples. Multiple intermetallic layers such as Al2Cu, AlCu, Al3Cu4, Al2Cu3, and Al4Cu9 are formed at the interface between Al and Cu during heat treatment of an Al/Cu diffusion couple at 530℃. For the diffusion couple of ultrafine-grained Al and cast Cu, the growth rate of intermetallic layers is comparable with theoretical expectations based on Fick’s second law. On the other hand, MWCNTs significantly restrict the diffusion of Al atoms in the composite because the atoms tend to detour around the long tube for diffusion, particularly when MWCNTs are oriented perpendicular to the atomic diffusion path. This accelerates the growth of voids at the contact interface of the diffusion couple during heat treatment.
Epithelial TRPV1 Signaling Accelerates Gingival Epithelial Cell Proliferation
Authors: Takahashi N. , Matsuda Y. , Yamada H. , Tabeta K. , Nakajima T. , Murakami S. , Yamazaki K.
Published: September 2014

Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1), a member of the calcium-permeable thermosensitive transient receptor potential superfamily, is a sensor of thermal and chemical stimuli. TRPV1 is activated by noxious heat (> 43°C), acidic conditions (pH < 6.6), capsaicin, and endovanilloids. This pain receptor was discovered on nociceptive fibers in the peripheral nervous system. TRPV1 was recently found to be expressed by non-neuronal cells, such as epithelial cells. The oral gingival epithelium is exposed to multiple noxious stimuli, including heat and acids derived from endogenous and exogenous substances; however, whether gingival epithelial cells (GECs) express TRPV1 is unknown. We show that both TRPV1 mRNA and protein are expressed by GECs. Capsaicin, a TRPV1 agonist, elevated intracellular Ca2+ levels in the gingival epithelial cell line, epi 4. Moreover, TRPV1 activation in epi 4 cells accelerated proliferation. These responses to capsaicin were inhibited by a specific TRPV1 antagonist, SB-366791. We also observed GEC proliferation in capsaicin-treated mice in vivo. No effects were observed on GEC apoptosis by epithelial TRPV1 signaling. To examine the molecular mechanisms underlying this proliferative effect, we performed complementary (c)DNA microarray analysis of capsaicin-stimulated epi 4 cells. Compared with control conditions, 227 genes were up-regulated and 232 genes were down-regulated following capsaicin stimulation. Several proliferation-related genes were validated by independent experiments. Among them, fibroblast growth factor-17 and neuregulin 2 were significantly up-regulated in capsaicin-treated epi 4 cells. Our results suggest that functional TRPV1 is expressed by GECs and contributes to the regulation of cell proliferation.
Book Review: Deepak Nayyar, Catch Up
Authors: Kumra Neha
Published: September 2014

Deepak Nayyar, Catch Up, New York, Oxford University Press, 2013, pp. ix + 213, ₹695, ISBN 978-0-19-965298-3.
Book Review: V. Nainar and Saumya Uma (Eds), Pursuing Elusive Justice Mass Crimes in India and Relevance of International Standards
Authors: Kumari Ved
Published: September 2014

V. Nainar and Saumya Uma (Eds), Pursuing Elusive Justice Mass Crimes in India and Relevance of International Standards, Oxford University Press, 2013.
Lectal Focusing in Interaction
Authors: Sharma Devyani , Rampton Ben
Published: September 2014

A long-standing challenge in quantitative sociolinguistic analysis is identifying fine speaker meanings in interaction while retaining the ability to draw wider group comparisons. To bridge these goals, we propose a methodology for quantitative discourse analysis. In data from the Punjabi community in London, we initially find comparable group rates of use of an ethnolinguistic variable by older and younger British Asian (second-generation) men. We develop a new metric to assess whether these groups are in fact indexing similar ethnic and class meanings. Our measure of lectal focusing in interaction (LFI) tracks how much an individual shifts toward one or another style during a single interaction, focusing on Standard British English, Vernacular London English, and Indian English. Older British Asian men exhibit a high degree of LFI, shifting dramatically at times to achieve subtly strategic, interactionally tuned ends. Younger British Asian men show lower rates of LFI, particularly in their use of ethnic variants. Despite the continued use of similar forms, the LFI analysis identifies changes in indexical potential and a shift from marker toward indicator-like usage. We account for this through major changes in the social practices and political climate over recent decades in the community. The LFI measure thus brings interactional analysis to bear on the causes and rates of language change.
Elegant anti-disturbance control for nonlinear systems based on a robust disturbance observer
Authors: Zhang Huifeng , Jing Yuanwei , Wei Xinjiang
Published: September 2014

A new elegant anti-disturbance control and estimation strategy is presented for a class of nonlinear systems subject to multiple disturbances. As a class of strong-coupled nonlinear systems, the models have measurement error, friction, varying load, and unmodelled dynamics, which can be characterized as two types of disturbances in this framework. One is supposed to be generated by an exogenous system with uncertainty, which represents the disturbance with partial known information. The other is a bounded external disturbance in the H2-norm. The nonlinear robust disturbance observer (DO) based on regional pole placement theory is constructed separately from the controller design to estimate and reject the first type of disturbance, and terminal sliding-mode (TSM) control is used to attenuate the second type of disturbance. By integrating the nonlinear robust DO with TSM control, a new elegant anti-disturbance control scheme based on a robust DO is proposed for a kind of nonlinear system, which can further improve the ability of anti-disturbance for nonlinear systems. Simulations are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Israeli drama: constructing the Israeli ‘quality’ television series as an art form
Authors: Lavie Noa
Published: September 2014

The current study focuses on the social construction of definitions of quality in the field of the television drama series in Israel. By doing that, this work challenges Pierre Bourdieu’s claim that since artifacts of ‘popular culture’ industries are not regarded as ‘autonomous’, according to the autonomy-of-art ideology, they cannot be consecrated as works of art. Bourdieu’s thesis was challenged before, but the television field has not yet been extensively studied from this point of view. My study of the broad empirical corpus, including television reviews and interviews with acclaimed Israeli television creators, reveals that artistic quality and commercial appeal show less tension than Bourdieu had suggested. Furthermore, my findings indicate that the autonomy-of-art ideology can be reconfigured to accommodate commercial (e.g. capitalist) considerations. Within this reconfiguration, the ‘quality’ television series can be redefined to include elements of ‘autonomous’ art, such as authenticity, innovation and the input of ‘genius’ creators, alongside such capitalist requirements as profitability.
Time projections: Youth and precarious employment
Authors: Miguel Carmo Renato , Cantante Frederico , de Almeida Alves Nuno
Published: September 2014

The European and Portuguese labour markets have undergone significant changes in recent years. The high rates of unemployment have been accompanied by precarious employment – a phenomenon that is affecting younger people most. This article analyses how the future employment prospects of young people with few qualifications and/or on low pay are both represented and projected. By means of a content analysis of 80 interviews with young working people in Portugal, two forms of projecting their professional future were defined: the cumulative and the noncumulative projections. Within the latter category, three subtypes were identified: those of contingency, immobility and rupture. These categories are systematically explained, taking into account the notion of time as a sociological variable.
A Review and Critique of Partner Effect Research in Small Groups
Authors: Ervin Jennifer , Bonito Joseph A.
Published: September 2014

The purpose of this review is to discuss the ways in which partner effects are examined in group contexts. We focus on social influence, as it is a common theme in group research from cognate fields such as communication, psychology, family studies, social psychology, and business. We elaborate on different conceptions of partner effects in our discussion of the social relations model (SRM), the actor–partner interdependence model (APIM), and the group actor–partner interdependence model (GAPIM), and provide a comprehensive review of the studies that have utilized these models to study groups. Following that, we discuss the ways in which partner effects research can improve our theoretical and empirical understanding of group processes.
Statewide Estimates of Stalking Among High School Students in Kentucky
Authors: Fisher Bonnie S. , Coker Ann L. , Garcia Lisandra S. , Williams Corrine M. , Clear Emily R. , Cook-Craig Patricia G.
Published: September 2014

This large, statewide sample from 26 high schools provided the first population-based estimates of stalking victimization and perpetration among adolescent females and males. Our stalking definition required that pursuing tactics occurred at least 3 times in the past 12 months and included being followed, spied on, or monitored; someone showed up or waited for you when you did not want them to; and receiving unwanted messages. Among 18,013 students, 16.5% disclosed being stalked and 5.3% stalking; 2.8% disclosed both stalking victimization and perpetration. A majority of students reported being most afraid of a former boyfriend or girlfriend as the stalker.
What’s information got to do with it? Third-party voting in plurality systems
Authors: Raymond Christopher D , Tromborg Mathias Wessel
Published: September 2014

Although strategic voting theory predicts that the number of parties will not exceed two in single-member district plurality systems, the observed number of parties often does. Previous research suggests that the reason why people vote for third parties is that they possess inaccurate information about the parties’ relative chances of winning. However, research has yet to determine whether third-party voting persists under conditions of accurate information. In this article, we examine whether possessing accurate information prevents individuals from voting for third-placed parties in the 2005 and 2010 British elections. We find that possessing accurate information does not prevent most individuals from voting for third-placed parties and that many voters possess reasonably accurate information regarding the viability of the parties in their constituencies. These findings suggest that arguments emphasizing levels of voter information as a major explanation for why multiparty systems often emerge in plurality systems are exaggerated.
Beyond interferon: rationale and prospects for newer treatment paradigms for chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Cortez Karoll J. , Kottilil Shyam
Published: September 2014

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection results in a chronic carrier state in 80% of individuals infected with the virus and presently affects over 170 million people worldwide. Approximately 20% of those chronically infected will ultimately progress to develop cirrhosis and death due to end-stage liver disease or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Unlike many other chronic viral infections, effective treatments for HCV are available. Cure from the infection is known as a sustained virologic response (SVR). SVR is associated with reversal of the long-term outcomes of chronic liver disease, decrease in incidence of HCC, and decrease HCV attributable mortality. The current FDA approved therapies for hepatitis C virus genotype 1 (GT-1) include pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin (RBV) in combination with a directly acting antiviral agent (DAA). New therapeutic advances are being made aiming to simplify management, improve the tolerability of treatment, and shorten the duration of therapy. Moreover, treatment regimens that will effectively eradicate hepatitis C without the use of interferon formulations (IFN) are being developed. In this review, we report the transition of HCV therapeutics from an interferon-α based combination therapy to an all-oral, directly acting antiviral therapy.
Desiccation tolerance as a function of age, sex, humidity and temperature in adults of the African malaria vectorsAnopheles arabiensisPatton andAnopheles funestusGiles
Authors: Lyons Candice L. , Coetzee Maureen , Terblanche John S. , Chown Steven L.
Published: September 2014

Adult mosquito survival is strongly temperature and moisture dependent. Few studies have investigated the interacting effects of these variables on adult survival and how this differs among the sexes and with age, despite the importance of such information for population dynamic models. For these reasons, the desiccation tolerance of Anopheles arabiensis Patton and Anopheles funestus Giles males and females of three different ages was assessed under three combinations of temperature and humidity. Females were more desiccation tolerant than males, surviving for longer periods than males under all experimental conditions. In addition, younger adults were more tolerant of desiccation than older groups. Both species showed reduced water loss rates (WLR) as the primary mechanism by which they tolerate desiccation. Although An. arabiensis is often considered to be the more arid-adapted of the two species, it showed lower survival times and higher water loss rates than An. funestus. The current information could improve population dynamic models of these vectors, given that adult survival information for such models is relatively sparse.
Registro da Agathodes designalis (Guenée, 1854) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) em Mulungu (Erythrina velutina) no Viveiro de Mudas de Espécies Florestais Nativas em São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brasil.
Authors: Poderoso Júlio César Melo , Dantas Priscylla Costa , Dos Passos Eliana Maria , Ribeiro Genésio Tâmara , Correia de Oliveira Maria Emilene
Published: September 2014

Entre os anos de 2005 e 2007, foram observados mensalmente os danos causados por lagartas sobre as plantas Erythrina velutina (Willd.) no município de São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brasil. As mudas com os danos foram levadas ao laboratório, com o objetivo de caracterizar os danos e identificar a praga. Esta foi identificada como Agathodes designalis (Guenée), encontrada em 35% das plantas em 2005 e 49% em 2007, causando danos da base para o ápice. Este é o primeiro registro de A. designalis atacando E. velutina no Estado de Sergipe, Brasil.

Registration of the Agathodes designalis (Guenée, 1854) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Mulungu (Erythrina velutina) (Willd.) in the Nursery of Seedlings of Native Forest Species in São Cristovão’s District, Sergipe, Brazil

Abstract. Among the years 2005 to 2007, it was observed monthly the damaged caused by caterpillars on the Erythrina velutina (Willd.) plants in São Cristovão’s District, Sergipe, Brazil. The damaged seedlings were taken to the laboratory, with the objective to characterize the damage and identify the insect pest. It was identified as Agathodes designalis (Guenée), found in 35% of plants in 2005 and 49% in 2007, causing damage to the base for the higher. It was the first record of the A. designalis attacking on E. velutina in Sergipe State, Brazil.
Atividade de Forrageamento de Formigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) em Áreas de Mata e Campo de Gramíneas no Pantanal sul-mato-grossense.
Authors: Sant'Ana Michelle Viscardi , Trindade Rose Benedita Rodrigues , Lopes Cássia Cristina dos Santos , Faccenda Odival , Fernandes Wedson Desidério
Published: September 2014

O principal objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a taxa de exploração de iscas vivas por formigas em um Ambiente de Mata e de Campo de Gramíneas. O experimento foi desenvolvido no Pantanal sul-mato-grossense, no Município de Corumbá, MS, no período de outubro a novembro de 2006. Cupins do gênero Nasutitermes, serviram de iscas. Em cada área, 80 indivíduos dessa espécie permaneceram expostos no solo sobre uma base de papel filtro durante 10 Minutos. Observou-se a presença de 15 morfoespécies pertencentes a seis gêneros e cinco subfamílias, sendo mais freqüente Myrmicinae. No campo de gramíneas ocorreram maior riqueza e diversidade de espécies. Wasmania sp.1 foi responsável pelo maior número de iscas removidas na Mata e Dorymyrmex sp. 1 no Campo de Gramíneas. A diferença no tempo médio para remoção das iscas nas duas áreas (mata e gramínea) não foi significativa. Das 160 iscas oferecidas durante o experimento, 115 sofreram atacadas por formigas: 69 na mata e 46 no campo de gramínea.

Activity of Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Foraging in a Forest Patch and in a subtropical seasonally flooded lowland grassland in the Pantanal from Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.Abstract. The main goal of this research was to evaluate the exploitation rate of live baits for ants in an environment of forest patches and subtropical seasonally flooded lowland grassland. The samples were collected from October to November 2006 in the Pantanal, sub-regions Miranda and Abobral, municipality of Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, Center West Brazil. Termites of the genera Nasutitermes were used as bait, and remained exposed for 10 minutes on the soil. Eighty baits were used in each environment. Fifteen ant morphospecies in six genera and five subfamilies were collected, and the Myrmicinae were the most frequent subfamily. We found larger richness and diversity of species in the subtropical seasonally flooded lowland grassland. Wasmania sp.1 was responsible for the largest number of removed baits (30) in the Forest Patch and Dorymyrmex sp. 1 in the subtropical seasonally flooded lowland grassland. The difference in the average time for removal of the baits from the two areas was not significant. From the 160 baits offered during the experiment, 115 were attacked by ants, 69 in the Forest Patch and 46 in the grassland.
Ocorrência e Distribuição de Coccinelídeos (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) Associados às Plantas Cítricas no Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Rodrigues William Costa , Cassino Paulo Cesar Rodrigues , Silva Filho Reinildes
Published: September 2014

O estudo objetivou registrar a ocorrência, flutuação populacional das espécies de coccinelídeos e delinear a distribuição geográfica (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) associados as plantas cítricas no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Foram visitados 11 municípios situados em duas regiões do Estado do Rio de Janeiro: Baixada Fluminense e Região das Baixadas Litorâneas (Região Citrícola). O período de estudo foi de janeiro de 2000 a junho de 2001. Os coccinelídeos foram observados, coletados, conservados e identificados. Desta forma 11 espécies foram observadas no Estado. Os municípios com maior ocorrência de espécies foi Seropédica e Araruama e com menor ocorrência foram São Pedro da Aldeia, Iguaba Grande, Tanguá e Itaboraí. A espécie que se verificou com maior distribuição foi Pentilia egena (Mulsant, 1850), presente em 10 municípios, e com menor distribuição foi Curinus coeruleus Mulsant 1850, presente em apenas um município. Quando avaliada a flutuação populacional, houve uma tendência na redução da população nos meses mais frios (inverno), sendo P. egena a espécie com maior média populacional (40%) e espécies dominantes juntamente com Azya luteipes Mulsant 1850. No período de estudo a diversidade de espécies foi considerada relativamente alta (α= 3,91) quando avaliada através do índice de Margalef e Shanon-Wiener (H'= 0,81), sendo considerada uma diversidade relativamente alta.

 

Occurrence and Distribution of Coccinelids (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) Associates at the Citrus Plants in Rio de Janeiro State Abstract. This work aimed to register the occurrence, study the population fluctuation the ladybeetles species and to delineate the geographic distribution (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) associated at citrus plants in Rio de Janeiro State. 11 districts situated in two regions of the Rio de Janeiro State were visited: "Baixada Fluminense" and "Região das Baixadas Litorâneas (Região Citrícola)". The study period was January 2000 to June 2001. The coccinellids was observed, collected, conserved, and identified. This way 11 species they were observed on State. The districts to larger species occurrence were Seropédica, and Araruama and to species lower was São Pedro da Aldeia, Iguaba Grande, Tanguá, Itaboraí, Natividade e Porciúncula. The species that it was verified in larger distribution were Pentilia egena (Mulsant, 1850), present in 10 districts, and with smaller distribution it was Curinus coeruleus Mulsant 1850, present in just only one district. When evaluated population fluctuation, there was a tendency in the reduction of the population in coldest (winter) moths, being P. egena the specie com average larger populational (40%) and dominant specie together with Azya luteipes Mulsant 1850. In study period the species diversity was high (α= 3.91) when evaluated through Margalef and Shanon-Wiener index's (H'=0.81), being considered a relatively high diversity.
Artrópodes em ninhos de Columba livia Gmelin, 1789 (Aves, Columbidae) em área urbana de Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil.
Authors: Ogawa Guilherme Maerschner
Published: September 2014

Foi realizado um estudo sobre artrópodes que vivem em ninhos de Columba livia Gmelin 1789, ave conhecida como pombo urbano e que nidifica em construções

humanas, com o intuito de inventariar as espécies de artrópodes associadas.

Foram coletados 14 ninhos de C. livia em nove bairros da área urbana de Manaus

os quais foram levados ao laboratótio e colocados em um extrator do tipo

Berlese-Tulgren por 12 dias, para a captura dos artrópodes. Foram encontrados

10.323 artrópodes, pertencentes a 3 subfilos, 3 classes, 14 ordens e 33

famílias. Acari foi mais abundante com 7.879 indivíduos, sendo o gênero

Caloglyphus Berlese, 1923, o mais representativo (75%). A maioria das espécies

encontradas é detritívora. A diversidade de artrópodes foi menor em Manaus se

comparada à registrada em trabalhos da região Paleártica, provavelmente por C.

livia ser uma espécie exótica na fauna Neotropical.

 

Arthropods in the nests of Columba livia Gmelin 1789

(Aves, Columbidae) in the urban area of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.

Abstract. The objective of this study was identify the arthropod fauna in nests

of the urban pigeon, Columba livia Gmelin 1789 who build their nests in man-made

buildings. Fourteen nests were collected in nine districts of the built up area

of the city of Manaus. For twelve days, arthropods were extracted in a

Berlese-Tulgren funnel. A total of 10.323 arthropods representing 3 subphyla, 3

classes, 14 orders and 33 families were detected. Acari was the most abundant

group with 7879 individuals. Mites of the genus Caloglyphus Berlese, 1923, made

up over 75 % of all arthropods collected. Most of the arthropods extracted are

detrivorous and apterous. The diversity found in Manaus was lower than that

reported for samples collected in the Palearctic Region, probably because C.

livia is exotic in the Neotropical fauna. The introduction of this pigeon can be

responsible for a major contact between some arthropods and humans.
Geographical distribution of Tabanomorpha (Diptera, Brachycera): Athericidae, Rhagionidae, Vermileonidae, and small families
Authors: Santos Charles Morphy Dias
Published: September 2014

The infraorder Tabanomorpha traditionally includes the families Tabanidae, Athericidae, Rhagionidae, and Vermileonidae. The new family Oreoleptidae was placed among the tabanomorphan,

as well as some controversial groups as Austroleptidae and Spaniidae, but there

is no agreement on the phylogenetic relationships of the groups considered as

belonging to the infraorder. Here is presented the geographical distribution of

the following tabanomorphan families: Rhagionidae, Vermileonidae, Athericidae,

Austroleptidae and Oreoleptidae. Every historical biogeographical analysis

depends on up-to-dated distributional information, and, hence, reliable lists

of distribution are a starting point to a broad comprehension of the evolution

in space.
Estrutura da Comunidade de Invertebrados Bentônicos do Rio Piranhas-Assu, Rio Grande do Norte, Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Andrade Herbet Tadeu de Almeida , Santiago Alexandre S. , Medeiros Jansen Fernandes
Published: September 2014

Esse trabalho teve como objetivo conhecer os invertebrados bentônicos, bem como caracterizar os grupos tróficos funcionais existentes no rio Piranhas-Assu, município de Alto do Rodrigues, Rio Grande do Norte. As coletas foram realizadas nos meses de maio (chuva), julho e setembro (seca) de 2002, em trechos diferentes do rio. Foi medida a velocidade da correnteza, a largura, profundidade do rio e temperatura da água. Foram coletados 3525 indivíduos de Insecta e outras classes (Malacostraca, Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Arachnida, Ostracoda e Copepoda). A maior abundância da classe Insecta ocorreu no mês de setembro (seca). A vazão apresentou correlação com a abundância com na Classe Insecta, já a velocidade superficial da água para outras classes. Entre os Insecta observou-se uma maior abundância de predadores, seguida dos coletores, já para as outras classes os raspadores foram mais abundantes.

Structure of benthic invertebrate’s community with focus in the aquatic insects of the Piranhas-Assu river, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Northeast, BrazilAbstract. The aim of this work was to verify the benthonic invertebrates, and to identify the functional trophic groups that exist in the Piranhas-Assu, in Alto do Rodrigues municipality, Rio Grande do Norte State. The samples were carried taken on May (rain season), July and September (dry season) from 2002, in different sites in the river. The measurements of water speed, wide, temperature and river deep where made. It was collected 3525 individuals of Insecta and other classes (Malacostraca, Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Arachnida, Ostracoda and Copepoda). Insecta showed a higher abundance in September (dry season). The river discharge showed significant correlation with Insecta classe abundance, and the superficial water speed had correlation with other classes. The insects showed a highest abundance of predators, followed by collectors, in the other classes, the scrappers were the most abundant.
Estudo de áreas e depósitos preferenciais de Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) e Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) no Município de Paracambi – Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Authors: Soares Vanessa Aparecida Ribeiro Canela , Rodrigues William Costa , Cabral Marise Maleck de Oliveira
Published: September 2014

Resumo. A presença de Aedes albopictus e Aedes aegypti em área urbana representa um risco potencial do inter-relacionamento dessa espécie de mosquito com a população. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a presença do Ae. albopictus (S.) e de Ae. aegypti (L.) no município de Paracambi, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. As amostras foram obtidas através de coletas das formas imaturas em depósitos e/ou criadouros (caixas d’água, cisternas, tanques, ocos de árvores, lixo, pneus, etc) em três áreas do município (urbana, rural e área de transição) no período de 12 meses. Os resultados mostraram que Ae. albopictus distribuiu-se igualmente nas áreas urbanas e rurais. A área urbana e a área de transição apresentaram uma maior positividade para Ae. aegypti. Os produtos de descartes, caracterizados por depósito de letra I = outros (artificiais especiais), foram os preferenciais para ambas as espécies de mosquito.

 

Study of the preferred areas and deposits of Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) and Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) in the Paracambi city, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

 

Abstract. The presence of Aedes albopictus (S.) and Aedes aegypti (L.) in urban areas represents a potential risk of inter-relationship of this species of mosquito with the population. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti in the Paracambi city, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Samples were obtained from collections of immature forms in deposits (water tanks, cisterns, tanks, hollow trees, trash, tires, etc.) in three areas of the city (urban, rural and the transition area) in the last 12 months. The results showed that Ae. albopictus is also distributed in urban and rural areas. The urban area and the area of transition had a higher positive for Ae. aegypti. They refused material that is the distinguished mark of letter I = other (artificial special) deposit has been preferred for both species of mosquito.
Considerações acerca da filogenia de Trichoptera Kirby 1813: da análise dos dados para as hipóteses ou dos cenários para os dados
Authors: Calor Adolfo Ricardo
Published: September 2014

Trichoptera compreendem a maior ordem de insetos estritamente aquáticos e constitui a maior proporção da comunidade dos macroinvertebrados bentônicos, com uma fauna mundial em torno de 13.000 espécies descritas para os ecossistemas dulcícolas, além de algumas espécies marinhas da família Chathamiidae, encontradas na Nova Zelândia e Austrália. Nos últimos 40 anos, várias hipóteses da filogenia de Trichoptera têm sido propostas, algumas com amostragens taxonômicas bastante restritas (outras mais completas), algumas com polarização dos caracteres baseada em cenários evolutivos pré-estabelecidos (outras com métodos mais objetivos), algumas apenas com dados morfológicos (outras utilizando dados de diferentes fontes, como morfológicos, moleculares, etológicos) e, por fim, algumas propostas oriundas de análises utilizando máxima parcimônia ou algoritmos bayesianos. O objetivo deste artigo é integrar o conhecimento acerca da filogenia de Trichoptera a fim de construir um panorama elucidativo da atual situação deste táxon e, conseqüentemente, fornecer a estrutura conceitual para o desenvolvimento de trabalhos futuros acerca da filogenia de Trichoptera.

 

Considerations on phylogeny of Trichoptera Kirby 1813: from data analyses to hypotheses or from scenarios to data

Abstract. Trichoptera are the major order among the aquatic insects and constitute a large proportion of benthic macroinvertebrate community. There are about 13000 described species of caddisflies in the world from freshwater ecosystems, and some marine species of Chathamiidae from New Zealand and Australia. In the last 40 years, several different hypotheses of Trichoptera’s phylogeny have been proposed, some analyses with reduced taxon sampling (other analyses with more complete data basis), some analyses with character polarization based in a priori evolutionary scenarios (other with more objective methods), some analyses using only morphological data (other using different data sources as morphology, molecular, ethological data), and some proposals from analyses using maximum parsimony or using Bayesian algorithms. The aim of this paper is integrate the taxonomical knowledge of phylogeny of Trichoptera to building an elucidative landscape and, consequently, to frame the conceptual structure to the development of the future phylogenetic works on Trichoptera systematics.