bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dingo optimization algorithm-based random forests model to evaluate the compressive strength of the concrete at elevated temperatures
Authors: Zhang Hongling , Zhang Hongzhi
Published: May 2024

The qualities of the materials employed to manufacture concrete are significantly impacted by high temperatures, which results in a noticeable decrease in the material’s strength characteristics. Concrete must be worked very hard and allowed to reach the required compressive strength (fc). Nevertheless, a preliminary estimation of the desired outcome may be made with an outstanding degree of reliability by using supervised machine learning algorithms. The study combined the Dingo optimization algorithm (DOA), Coot bird optimization (COA), and Artificial rabbit optimization (ARO) with Random Forests (RF) evaluation to determine the fc of concrete at high temperatures. The abbreviations used for the combined methods are RFD, RFC, and RFA, respectively. Remarkably, removing the temperature (T) parameter from the input set leads to a remarkable 1100% improvement in the effectiveness index (PI) and normalized root mean squared error (NRMSE), while causing a significant fall in the coefficient of determination (R2). The findings suggest that all RFD, RFC, and RFA have substantial promise in properly forecasting the fc of concrete at high temperatures. More precisely, the RFD algorithm demonstrated exceptional precision with R2 values of 0.9885 and 0.9873 throughout the training and testing stages, respectively. Through a comparison of the error percentages for RFD, RFC, and RFA in error-based measurements, it becomes evident that RFD exhibits an error rate that is about 50% smaller compared to that of RFC and RFA. This prediction is crucial for various industries and applications where concrete structures are subjected to elevated temperatures, such as in fire resistance assessments for buildings, tunnels, bridges, and other infrastructure. By accurately forecasting the compressive strength of concrete under these conditions, engineers and designers can make informed decisions regarding the material’s suitability and performance in high-temperature environments, leading to enhanced safety, durability, and cost-effectiveness of structures.
Oculomotor Dysfunction in Idiopathic and LRRK2-Parkinson’s Disease and At-Risk Individuals
Authors: Lage Carmen , Sánchez-Rodríguez Antonio , Rivera-Sánchez María , Sierra María , González-Aramburu Isabel , Madera Jorge , Delgado-Alvarado Manuel , López-García Sara , Martínez-Dubarbie Francisco , Fernández-Matarrubia Marta , Martínez-Amador Néstor , Martínez-Rodríguez Isabel , Calvo-Córdoba Alberto , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Eloy , García-Cena Cecilia , Sánchez-Juan Pascual , Infante Jon
Published: May 2024

Background:

Video-oculography constitutes a highly-sensitive method of characterizing ocular movements, which could detect subtle premotor changes and contribute to the early diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD).

Objective:

To investigate potential oculomotor differences between idiopathic PD (iPD) and PD associated with the G2019S variant of LRRK2 (L2PD), as well as to evaluate oculomotor function in asymptomatic carriers of the G2019S variant of LRRK2.

Methods:

The study enrolled 129 subjects: 30 PD (16 iPD, 14 L2PD), 23 asymptomatic carriers, 13 non-carrier relatives of L2PD patients, and 63 unrelated HCs. The video-oculographic evaluation included fixation, prosaccade, antisaccade, and memory saccade tests.

Results:

We did not find significant differences between iPD and L2PD. Compared to controls, PD patients displayed widespread oculomotor deficits including larger microsaccades, hypometric vertical prosaccades, increased latencies in all tests, and lower percentages of successful antisaccades and memory saccades. Non-carrier relatives showed oculomotor changes with parkinsonian features, such as fixation instability and hypometric vertical saccades. Asymptomatic carriers shared multiple similarities with PD, including signs of unstable fixation and hypometric vertical prosaccades; however, they were able to reach percentages of successful antisaccade and memory saccades similar to controls, although at the expense of longer latencies. Classification accuracy of significant oculomotor parameters to differentiate asymptomatic carriers from HCs ranged from 0.68 to 0.74, with BCEA, a marker of global fixation instability, being the parameter with the greatest classification accuracy.

Conclusions:

iPD and LRRK2-G2019S PD patients do not seem to display a differential oculomotor profile. Several oculomotor changes in asymptomatic carriers of LRRK2 mutations could be considered premotor biomarkers.
A feasibility study to predict 3D dose delivery accuracy for IMRT using DenseNet with log files
Authors: Huang Ying , Cai Ruxin , Pi Yifei , Ma Kui , Kong Qing , Zhuo Weihai , Kong Yan
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE:

This study aims to explore the feasibility of DenseNet in the establishment of a three-dimensional (3D) gamma prediction model of IMRT based on the actual parameters recorded in the log files during delivery.

METHODS:

A total of 55 IMRT plans (including 367 fields) were randomly selected. The gamma analysis was performed using gamma criteria of 3% /3 mm (Dose Difference/Distance to Agreement), 3% /2 mm, 2% /3 mm, and 2% /2 mm with a 10% dose threshold. In addition, the log files that recorded the gantry angle, monitor units (MU), multi-leaf collimator (MLC), and jaws position during delivery were collected. These log files were then converted to MU-weighted fluence maps as the input of DenseNet, gamma passing rates (GPRs) under four different gamma criteria as the output, and mean square errors (MSEs) as the loss function of this model.

RESULTS:

Under different gamma criteria, the accuracy of a 3D GPR prediction model decreased with the implementation of stricter gamma criteria. In the test set, the mean absolute error (MAE) of the prediction model under the gamma criteria of 3% /3 mm, 2% /3 mm, 3% /2 mm, and 2% /2 mm was 1.41, 1.44, 3.29, and 3.54, respectively; the root mean square error (RMSE) was 1.91, 1.85, 4.27, and 4.40, respectively; the Sr was 0.487, 0.554, 0.573, and 0.506, respectively. There was a correlation between predicted and measured GPRs ( P < 0.01). Additionally, there was no significant difference in the accuracy between the validation set and the test set. The accuracy in the high GPR group was high, and the MAE in the high GPR group was smaller than that in the low GPR group under four different gamma criteria.

CONCLUSIONS:

In this study, a 3D GPR prediction model of patient-specific QA using DenseNet was established based on log files. As an auxiliary tool for 3D dose verification in IMRT, this model is expected to improve the accuracy and efficiency of dose validation.
Defining methods for architectural and planning organization of temporary settlements for internally displaced persons in Ukraine
Authors: Amosov Iurii
Published: May 2024

This article analyzes the main issues of architectural and planning organization of temporary settlements for internally displaced persons. It identifies the current demands for increased flexibility and resilience in planning and explores a new type of temporary housing with a progressive (permanent) core. Special attention is given to incremental design and participation as methods of uniting the efforts of designers, communities, and governments into a single strategy for providing sustainable housing for affected populations. A review of the research revealed two main problems in the strategic planning of housing assistance: the issue of stability in the concept of "temporary housing" and the challenge of flexible planning solutions. In response to this, the introduction of new transitional types - "transitional shelters" designed using materials and structures that can be upgraded or reused in more permanent housing units, and "progressive shelters" - stationary, rapidly deployable shelters on designated land (with appropriate zoning) intended for future conversion into permanent housing units. In a methodological sense, both types feature a permanent, stable core and temporary residential volumes or structures that gradually evolve into a permanent living environment—a concept known as incremental architecture. It changes the morphological understanding of temporary housing, allowing it to be engaged at all stages of housing assistance alongside participatory methods and "advocacy planning" that regulate the involvement of communities and affected populations in planning activities together with specialists and local authorities. The experience of rebuilding the affected city of Constitution in Chile has shown that these methods can enhance the flexible nature of architecture (its planning possibilities and solutions for reuse and reconfiguration) and potentially create new values of permanence. Additionally, a review of the existing Ukrainian experience has revealed a lack of tools for uniting the efforts of designers, communities, and the government into a single strategy for temporary housing policy, thus preventing temporary shelter and housing facilities from meeting all the necessary (social, cultural, and infrastructural) needs of residents. This implies that a polyvalent strategy may be recommended for affected rural communities, simultaneously satisfying the needs of permanent residents and providing affected communities with temporary homes with the potential for permanent residency, as it is impossible to accurately assess the terms of temporary housing use and population repatriation until the end of hostilities.
Bridges and Bridges’ Structures in the Urban Environment
Authors: Gakh Vitalii
Published: May 2024

The question of the functioning of bridges and bridges’ structures in the urban environment, their significant importance in increasing not only its comfort, but also aesthetic characteristics are highlighted in the article. The world theory and practice of using bridges has shown their significant evolutionary progress. From ordinary straight communication routes, bridges gradually acquired new functions, aesthetic qualities and complex spatial solutions – to multifunctional bridges’ structures.
Bridges take an active part in the creation of urban multi-level public spaces. Above-ground pedestrian bridges and flyovers convincingly prove the priority of pedestrians and bicycles over cars. They perform not only the function of overpasses. Thanks to the arrangement of such objects with greenery, small architectural forms and landscaping elements, a comfortable space for people to stay is created. Modern bridges have also become a decoration of urban spaces, original art objects, magnets of attraction for citizens and guests. They draw attention to themselves, hold the aesthetic component of the urban environment. In the further practice of their design and implementation, ecological bridges made of containers and natural plants, bicycle bridges in the city centre, museum bridges, gallery bridges, sky bridges and loop bridges found their place. And this is far from the entire list of bridges. The formation of the urban environment and the distribution of “responsibilities” between its main components (dominant-accent-background) are significantly influenced by the degree of manifestation of the compositional techniques of the relationship “city – environment”, “bridge’s structure – environment”. Modern trends in the inclusion of bridges in the urban environment are also revealed in the article. These are ecological orientation, multi-functionality, innovation in the use of technologies and barrier-free.
Features of design code formation in the structure of a post-industrial city
Authors: Rudenko Alina , Ladygina Iryna
Published: May 2024

The formation of the city design code is considered as an objective and global phenomenon that has developed in many developed European countries in recent decades.
Being primarily aimed at achieving visual comfort, the design code in the conditions of the post-industrial city acquires a new color, covering the entire subject-spatial environment of the "urban planning ground floor" as a space at the level of the first two floors of the building, equipped with street furniture and a visual communication system.
The city design code is studied as an integral element of urban design, which, in turn, determines the features of the urban environment, its components, supports natural and cultural components based on belonging to a certain place. At the same time, the characteristics of a "place" directly depend on its placement in a specific structural element of the city, and the creation of a design code, thus, should be based on a historical-genetic analysis - a kind of evolutionary study - of the city's historical-genetic code.
Based on the understanding of the modern city as a complex, open, hierarchically organized system, the concept of forming a design code is proposed as a system forming element of the general system of urban design, which is aimed at overcoming the negative legacy of industrial society and humanizing the urban environment and is projected onto the structural and planning organization of the city in accordance with the genetic code.
Features of volume-planning decisions of civil defense protective structures
Authors: Getun Galina , Bezklubenko Iryna , Solomin Andrey , Balina Olena
Published: May 2024

In the conditions of the large-scale war of Russia against Ukraine, which began on February 24, 2022, the problem of protecting the population and employees of enterprises, which continue to work in extremely difficult and dangerous conditions of possible shock, explosive and fire damage, has become urgent.
Among the methods and means of protecting population from emergency situations, sheltering the population in protective structures is of great importance. Experience has confirmed that sheltering people in protective structures effectively reduces the degree of damage from possible damaging factors and preserves people’s lives and health from emergency situations [8, 16].
Premature accumulation of the fund of protective structures in Ukraine is decided on the basis of construction standards SBN V.2.2.5-97 «Protective structures of civil defense» [9] and rules taking into account the development of destruction means and the economic capabilities of the state [10, 11].
The article provides a classification of protective structures of civil defense, describes their main characteristics, analyzes their volume-planning solutions and life support systems.
Theoretical prerequisites for the formation of new post-war housing in Ukraine
Authors: Zosim Stanislav , Nikolaienko Volodymyr
Published: May 2024

In connection with the aggravation of modern crisis circumstances (wars, armed and military conflicts), the question arises of finding strategies and architectural and functional principles for the formation of new residential buildings in the period of post-war reconstruction, which would meet the requirements of modernity and take into account future development prospects. The article highlights the theoretical prerequisites for the formation of new residential buildings in the post-war period based on the analysis of Ukrainian scientific literature. In the article, "new post-war housing" refers to permanent type of residence, which was built during the post-war reconstruction period in the regions affected by the consequences of military operations.
In this scientific work, trends in the formation and directions of scientific research in the field of design, construction and operation of permanent housing are determined, an analysis of the found information on research topics is provided, and the works of representatives of the scientific community and their scientific activities are highlighted. In addition to the review of the fundamental scientific literature on the problems of the formation of housing, the article highlights other areas of research: the problems of the formation of social, affordable and post-war housing.
Currently, the attention of the Ukrainian scientific community is focused on the analysis of the spatial situation caused by the war in the country, rethinking the experience of designing, building and operating residential buildings of the pre-war period, forecasting promising directions for the formation of residential buildings in the post-war period. The reviewed fundamental studies in the field of the formation of the residential environment and modern scientific discourses are an important theoretical basis for the search for modern models of the formation of new post-war residential buildings in Ukraine.
The aim of the article is to enrich the understanding of the formation and state of the theoretical base regarding the problems of housing formation in Ukrainian scientific literature, which can become a promising theoretical basis for specialists in further research of strategies, models and paradigms of the formation of new residential buildings during the post-war reconstruction in Ukraine.
Methods of formation of multi-storey residential buildings with green terrace and roofs
Authors: Osychenko Halyna , Toporkov Volodymyr
Published: May 2024

Part of the biophilic movement in architecture, which gained momentum in the 21st century and in which buildings are created with elements of nature as part of their structure, is considered.
In the study, the genesis, development of multi-story housing with green roofs and terraces was identified, its problems and modern trends were determined. Humanization and improvement of the formation of multi-story housing with landscaped terraces and roofs covers all aspects of the organization of buildings:
technological aspect (technologies and methods of greening artificial grounds with plants);
morphological aspect (change in the shape of a residential building, change in traditional archetypes of the building's shape);
functional and social aspect (the range of functions of roofs and terraces is increasing, from recreational to industrial; in addition to private, common and public spaces are appearing);
ecological aspect (increasing biodiversity, requirements for energy efficiency of buildings, introduction of natural components into living space).
The morphological aspect is important, which is the main task of architects in terms of forming an expressive and aesthetic composition of the living environment. The main methods of forming housing with green terraces and roofs are defined - the method of using small architectural forms (SAF) and the methods of defragmentation and fragmentation of the three-dimensional shape of the building. Relevant methods of organizing the spatial composition of buildings are identified, namely: green floor, green roof, green shell, through green hole, green stairs, checkerboard, vertical garden, green spiral, various green cascades and a combination of techniques.
Features and prospects of using additive technologies in architecture
Authors: Subin-Kozhevnikova Alona , Khorosha Oksana , Oliinychenko Valerii
Published: May 2024

The article considers the features of the use additive technologies in architecture, which in the future will have a significant impact on the revolutionary development of the construction industry.
Exploring the prospects of additive technologies (3D printing) in architecture, this publication aims to determine its transformational potential in solving housing needs, promoting the sustainable development of Ukrainian cities and stimulating the innovative development of the construction industry. Considering the features of the use of 3D printing in construction and its diversity of use - the need for widespread implementation, taking into account all the advantages and disadvantages are substantiated.
It has been established that the part of structures in the world fully or partially built using 3D printing technology is growing annually, which actualizes interest not only in the development of technology in general, but also in the experience of its use.
Having analyzed the world experience of using additive technologies in housing construction, the prospects of this direction of construction in the reconstruction of Ukrainian cities have been established. The use of building 3D printers, thanks to the rapid process of erecting houses, will allow in a short time to increase the housing stock and rebuild the destroyed cities.
Advantages of additive production are considered. One of them is the ability to create complex shapes and structures that would be difficult or even impossible to manufacture by traditional methods. In addition to the speed of construction, the advantage also - is eco-friendliness. The use of additive technologies can help reduce carbon emissions, especially if environmentally friendly materials are used. It is also possible to reduce energy costs for the construction and transportation of materials.
Given these advantages, additive technologies are becoming an increasingly important tool in modern architecture, allowing architects and researchers to implement more ambitious and innovative projects.
Analytical component in the methodology of teaching architectural design
Authors: Badiul Mariia , Skobenko Oleksandr , Hapieiev Serhii , Mykhailova Polina
Published: May 2024

The article shows the importance of great attention to the development of an analytical approach in the education of an architect. This not only updates the professional skills of modern market demands, but also affects the competitiveness of the specialist and the quality of architectural solutions. An analysis of the existing educational programs of architectural schools in Ukraine revealed that there are outdated methods that have remained since the times of the Soviet Union. There is currently a need to reform modern professional requirements in education. Attention to the analytical abilities of the future architect should begin at the stage of entrance exams. Attention to the analytical abilities of the future architect should begin at the stage of entrance exams. From the beginning of education, from the first assignments, it is necessary to pay great attention to the analytical component of the creative process, especially in the main discipline “Architectural Design”. The article proposes an algorithm for the step-by-step implementation of educational design. A description is made of each stage and the analytical component is highlighted: analytical ability to see a problem comprehensively, formulate tasks, work as a team in solving complex problems, introduce conceptual thought into the process of form creation, be able to convey the analytical part of your work in different forms for different audiences. The proposed step-by-step implementation of stages in architectural design should be done from the very beginning of training, when working on projects of different typologies and complexity. This forms experience in solving complex creative problems, and builds layer-by-layer skills that in professional activities have an effect on the quality of project work.
Experience in the design and construction of service facilities located at ‏transport hubs
Authors: Mustafa Mahmood Abdulgani
Published: May 2024

The article analyzes the latest research, experience in the design and construction of transport interchanges. The main trends and directions of the architectural and planning solution of the service facilities located in them have been identified. The formation of service facilities is influenced by the dynamics of the development of nearby districts and residential areas, the urban development situation, and social and economic conditions. Direct interdependence is observed - provided the population increases in the adjacent residential areas and the production potential of local industrial enterprises increases several times, while the traffic load of the relevant transport arteries, transfer stations and transport junctions and nodes increases. Transport interchanges and stations of the city of Kyiv, Ukraine were analyzed. One of the largest transport intersections was found to be located in the East: in China (Beijing, Shanghai), South Korea (Seoul), Japan (Tokyo, Kyoto). The classification is given depending on the functional load, location in the city system, annual volume of passengers, type of service by size (small, medium, large); type of volumetric-spatial solution. The main principles of the formation of volumetric and spatial solutions are formulated. In the development of the planning structure, the following main functional blocks were identified: transport and transport arteries; storage areas and platforms; communications and transitions (vertical and horizontal, transitions, stairs, elevators, escalators); service of regular and rest transit passengers; trade and entertainment; "intercepting" parking lots and city public transport stops. There are three main types of planning configuration of junctions and landfills, determined in particular by the shape of the plots under construction and the urban planning situation.
Conceptuality and rationality in underground spaces transport interchange hub organization
Authors: Timokhin Viktor , Harbar Maryna , Shchurova Viktoria
Published: May 2024

The article substantiates the necessity of combining modern methods of underground urban planning in areas of special urban planning value, which include transport interchanges and their adjacent territories. Techniques for the rational organization of service facilities and prospects for the development of accompanying functional areas are formulates. A modern multi-functional complex as part of a transport interchange hubs requires the use of new means of forming the architectural environment: external and internal organization of underground space. The purpose of the publication is to argue for the optimization of the development of public service facilities of transport interchanges due to the organization of underground spaces and to determine the main advantages of rationality. Analysis of the Utrecht and Berlin stations as examples of European experience in the operation and development of transport hubs demonstrates the main advantages of rationality in the organization of underground spaces. The concept, which reorganizes transfer points into small businesses and shopping centers, integrates them into underground spaces: places for holding exhibitions and business events, conference halls. Effective using of land resources helps to free up the territory for pedestrian areas. Using of modern technologies in the field of energy efficiency and ecology correspond to the direction of sustainable development; separation of traffic and pedestrian flows, organization of the shortest paths to various types of transport and evacuation are beneficial when used as a shelter; economic efficiency increases the urban value of the territory. The topic of conceptual design, introduced at the Department of Architectural Environment Design in Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture when developing a highly urbanized transport hub in accordance with the concept of the location of high-rise buildings in Kyiv, approved by the Academy of Architecture of Ukraine.
Historical architectural and town-planning centers in the ethnic culture of Ukraine
Authors: Timokhin Viktor , Shebek Nadiia
Published: May 2024

The article considers the features of the location of small historical settlements - carriers of the architectural and urban culture in 12 ethnic regions of Ukraine. Among them: Bukovyna, Volyn, Halychyna, Donbas, Zakarpattia, Crimea, Podillia, Polissia, Naddnipryanshchyna, Sivershchyna, Slobozhanshchyna, Tavria. For the analysis, an original method was used to identify the areas of historical settlements and the formation of the corresponding 57 polygons. The areas that form the centers of regional culture are identified according to the principle of territorial proximity of settlements, taking into account the tracing of communication routes between them. Accordingly, the polygons are formed from small towns with historical monuments of architectural and town-planning art, which are connected to each other along the perimeter in the shortest possible way by regional and local roads. For example, on the territory of Bukovyna there are 10 villages, small towns, settlements, castles and monasteries, which form 2 polygons around Chernivtsi: the western (Kitsman, Vyzhnytsia, Storozhynets) and the eastern (Khotyn, Novoselytsia, Banchaky, Boyany, Molodiy). As a result, groups of small provincial cities and towns, towns and villages, temples and monasteries were formed with signs of a historical architectural environment. In each ethnic region, a different number of such groups have been formed, which form the corresponding number of polygons: Bukovyna – 2, Volhynia – 4, Galicia – 6, Donbas – 4, Transcarpathia – 2, Crimea – 3, Podillia – 5, Polissia – 8, Naddnipryanshchyna – 6, Severshchyna – 6, Slobozhanshchyna – 4, Tavria – 6. The identified groups of historical architectural and urban centers require further thorough study. The results of these studies can be used to develop a concept for the restoration and further sustainable development of the historical settlements of Ukraine.
Optimization of industrial areas for recreational purposes: methods, principles and techniques
Authors: Merylova Iryna
Published: May 2024

The article addresses the viability of industrial cities in the PrydniprovskRegion in the context of the necessity for urban transformations. It examines the current public demands and technological challenges faced by the region's cities as monofunctional economic centers with entrenched and unresolved urban planning conflicts. Using the example of the city of Dnipro, the article analyzes the role of a modern industrial city, emphasizing the need for reorganization of its industrial zones to create a more sustainable and attractive environment for residents' living, work, and leisure.
Upon analyzing the recreational aspect at the regional level, it was identified that the main issue of optimizing the recreation and tourism system of the PrydniprovskRegion lies in resolving the conflict between the economic impact of heavy industry and the region's residents' demand for quality and ecological recreation.
The work relies on urban scientists' contributions in defining methods and scientific approaches to optimize stagnant industrial territories within the city structure. In the context of developing alternative sectors as new economic opportunities, the study extensively examines the Mixed-Use Development method, which stands out for its effectiveness in integrating various functions into the urban environment, including residential, commercial, office, public spaces, and recreation. Through this method, appropriate strategies were formulated for the development of recreational elements on former industrial territories.
The article presents basic principles for organizing the recreation system, and based on them, rational architectural-planning approaches were developed for tourist-recreational formations according to functional types and urban planning levels – from local zones to regional tourism and recreation systems.
Urbo-ecological characteristics of the formation of green architecture in the conditions of sustainable development
Authors: Ryzhova Iryna , Pavlenko Tetiana , Antypenko Yevgen , Yenshuieva Tetiana
Published: May 2024

The article defines the main problems and prospects for the development of the concept of “green” architecture in the context of sustainable development. In the process of identifying the main problem, the relevance of the research was determined. Having conducted a thorough analysis of the current state of green architecture formation in the conditions of sustainable development, it was found that green architecture is multi-vector and includes energy-efficient, ecological and economic aspects, while the impact on the environment is minimal. The main trends in the development of "green" architecture were identified, which gave the opportunity to apply their role in the formation of a modern urban environment in terms of increasing the energy efficiency of buildings, the use of solar energy, "green" technologies and the latest materials. Based on the conducted research, the main principles of "green" architecture were defined: the principle of energy efficiency manifests itself in such design and construction, in which heat consumption, both for heating and for cooling, is reduced to a minimum; the principle of sound orientation using solar energy as the main source of light and heat; the principle of inclusiveness, where the urban environment is designed for the comfortable stay of people from all walks of life; the principle of environmental friendliness includes a harmonious combination of the urbanized and natural environment; the principle of autonomy represents the possibility of architectural and urban planning objects to function autonomously in critical situations.
Tectonics and architectonics of the network of historical centers of architectural and urban planning culture in the ethnic regions of Ukraine
Authors: Timokhin Viktor , Shebek Nadiia
Published: May 2024

In the article, from the standpoint of taking into account the natural and urbanized environment, the features of the formation and structure of a network of small historical settlements – carriers of the architectural and urban planning culture of Ukraine are considered. In particular, a comparative analysis of the location of 262 settlements in 12 ethnic regions of Ukraine with a network of underground discontinuous dislocations was carried out. The analysis showed that in 12 ethnic regions of Ukraine (Bukovyna, Volyn, Halychyna, Donbass, Transcarpathia, Crimea, Podillia, Polissia, Naddnipryanshchyna, Severshchyna, Slobozhanshchyna, Tavria) the network of tectonic faults has a different configuration and density. At the same time, only a small number of places with historical buildings coincide with fault lines. The analysis showed that the choice of places for the formation of historical settlements was not random; there were tendencies in their attraction to the shores of rivers and seas, as well as in the desire to avoid underground tectonic faults and the corresponding geopathic zones. The localization of the vast majority of architectural and urban planning culture centres’ in special healthy places confirmed the need to take into account tectonics in ethnic regions and non-traditional knowledge and methods of dowsing in the analysis of historical settlements. In addition, it was found that most of these settlements are located on inter-main areas, remote from dense urbanization zones. This testifies to the initial desire of ethnic culture, on the one hand, for isolation from the processes of urbanization, and on the other hand, for its own preservation and creation of its own network of regional culture centres’ that opposes the mass culture of modern civilization. As a result, proposals were substantiated on the need to take into account the original architectonic and tectonic structure of a network of small provincial cities and towns, villages, temples and monasteries with signs of a historical architectural and urban environment during the post-war restoration and further sustainable development of settlements and territories of Ukraine.
Principles of integrity and harmonization of architectural and spatial solutions for vertical farms
Authors: Zhdanova Yaryna , Dorokhina Hanna
Published: May 2024

The paper examines the impact of a group of principles of integrity and harmonization on the architectural design of vertical farms. These objects are an efficient and sustainable approach to an agricultural production. Moreover, vertical farms can be located in urban environments which leads to a need of developing appropriate space-volumetric, compositional, planning, functional, and structural solutions for the harmonious and aesthetic integration of such buildings into the urban structure while preserving their functional efficiency. To address this issue, the authors propose a series of architectural techniques based on the such principles as contextualism, the function-form symbiosis, the identity of structure and form, the harmonization of volumetric-spatial and facade solutions, and the modern technologies implementation.
The contextualism principle ensures the context influences vertical farm design decisions regarding height, shape, and siting to either blend into the surroundings or be an architectural dominant. Additionally, this principle assesses impacts on local parameters of insolation and wind. Function-form symbiosis requires simple, rhythmic architectural forms, robust materials and design reflecting both farming itself and the general industrial nature of the building. The identity principle mutually reinforces architectural form and structure according to the vertical farming needs. Height flexibility through open-web or core-and-shell structures provides adaptable and open spaces to support the production. The harmonization of volumetric-spatial and facade solutions creates a relationship between a building's external appearance, internal organization, and functional diversity. It employs typical compositional techniques as well as architectural expressionism conveying functional zones via colour, texture and form. The last principle is represented by implementing adaptive smart facades, renewable energy systems, green walls and roofs.
Modern requirements for energy-efficient renovation of historical buildings
Authors: Kashchenko Tetyana , Kordyiaka Roksolana
Published: May 2024

Мodern urban development trends includes the importance of taking historical buildings into account when implementing sustainable development strategies. Energetic modernization of historical buildings has both economic and social benefits. Buildings of historical importance often do not correspond to the requirements of modern directives, but the use of certain technical means and architectural practices allows to achieve a significant increase in energy potential. Energy-efficient renovation of historic buildings is an important component in the formation of future smart cities, since historic buildings themselves connect society with the heritage of the past and represent local and historical features of the city and its inhabitants. At the same time, the relevance of the problem is related to the insufficient systematization of data and information resources along with the constant development of tools for diagnosis and assessment of potential changes when working with historical buildings according to their characteristics. The main modern requirements for energy-efficient renovation of historical buildings, as well as the stages of analysis of the characteristics of historical buildings, and the further formation of the renovation strategy and the selection of appropriate methods and measures are considered. Considered limitations and features of the renovation of historic buildings (general engineering limitations due to the historical context, specific characteristics of a specific building, design limitations).
Classification of the functions of shopping and entertainment centers taken into account the specifics of their construction in the republic of the Congo
Authors: Okassa Mouele Sedel
Published: May 2024

The article analyzes the location and makes a classification of the main, auxiliary and technical premises of shopping and entertainment complexes. The research was carried out on the basis of analyzed project experience and previous scientific research related to the formation of the structure of service facilities and shopping and entertainment centers.
The classification includes all the variety of basic functions. The classification includes entertainment functions, consumer services functions and stores of various types of goods.
The article discusses the rules for the location of product groups within shopping and entertainment centers. The author proposed a layout of the main groups of goods based on the rule of random purchase. According to the scheme, goods and services that are in greatest demand must be placed as far as possible from the entrance areas. Then, along the route to the main product groups, there is a possibility that the buyer will make a random purchase. This increases the likelihood of efficient functioning of the shopping and entertainment center
Also in the article, the author proposes an additional set of basic functions that can increase traffic to shopping centers and provide entertainment services for different social and age groups. This list includes group fitness rooms without expensive sports equipment, as well as roller rinks, green areas, playgrounds, children's and adult educational out-of-school classes, as well as street food areas and street trading areas for fairs.  Proper organization of these functions within shopping centers can increase their attendance and, as a result, increase their profits. This will also provide the opportunity for trade and service to the maximum number of people from different social groups.
Methods and techniques of architectural environment forming under the conditions of global climate change: the problems of flooding
Authors: Tymashkov Maksym
Published: May 2024

This article highlights the methods and techniques of forming an architectural environment based on sustainable development, namely, how to adapt to the consequences of global climate change caused by the anthropogenic environment and its activities. One of the serious consequences of global climate change is an increase in the frequency and power of floods, especially they pose a danger to cities, where problems related to the comfort of human life are worsening. Floods destroy city infrastructure and endanger the city's water supply sources. Such natural disasters activate the scientific community to eliminate their consequences, on the one hand, on the other - to solve the shortage of water as an energy resource, raising the issue of developing technologies for accumulating its surplus and further use in many types of human life, as well as in the functioning systems of the city as a whole. The world scientific and practical experience of innovative methods of adaptation of the new and reconstruction of the existing architectural environment to climate changes in countries vulnerable to frequent flooding, which is a problem for Ukraine as well, is analyzed. The article analyzes methods from Denmark, Great Britain, the Netherlands and Pakistan, with which they create a flood-resistant architectural environment and turn the disadvantages of their flood-prone region of residence into advantages. The experience of these countries and their methods of combating natural disasters helps other regions of our planet to form a comfortable architectural environment that corresponds to today's rapidly changing weather conditions and the goals of sustainable development. The conducted analysis demonstrates a wide range of solutions to problems, from small elements of the architectural environment to the planning of individual districts and the city as a whole. These solutions are used individually, as well as in combination, which increases their effectiveness. Therefore, the use of a complex approach as the main method of forming the architectural environment under conditions of global climate change is revealed.
The influence of social preconditions on the formation of the environment for elderly people
Authors: Zhao Hongjuan , Kutsevich Vadym
Published: May 2024

The onset of old age is associated with certain problems for the individual, his or her family and society. Many people enter old age with material problems, conflict situations in the family, chronic diseases, reduced ability to move and self-care. Older people are increasingly seeking the help of social protection institutions, including residential care facilities. In developed European countries, 2-4% of elderly people are associated with various forms of accommodation in social protection institutions, nursing homes, rehabilitation centers, protected (social) apartments, etc.
In China, the aging process is developing very rapidly. Chinese scientists suggest that by the middle of this century, the elderly population aged 60 years and older may reach 450-470 million people, including people with disabilities.
The population density of the PRC and the degree of aging of the elderly are constantly increasing, which puts enormous pressure on urban health services and public service institutions. Older people need more social, medical, cultural, and other services in cities, as well as the development of the material base of health and social protection institutions. Traditional family support can no longer meet China's growing needs for an aging population.
At present, there is a problem with the choice of sites for housing and social welfare facilities for the elderly, and very high urban planning and environmental requirements are imposed on them.
Analysis of the regulatory database to determine the criteria for the effectiveness of structural and technological solutions for the installation of structural slabs
Authors: Sobko Yurii , Polevetskyi Vasyl , Sumariuk Oleksandr , Melnychuk Olena
Published: May 2024

This article is devoted to the analysis of the regulatory framework in the context of determining the criteria for the effectiveness of structural and technological solutions for the installation of structural slabs. The study is aimed at identifying the regulatory requirements and standards that regulate the process of installation of the covering, in particular structural plates.
The authors highlight current issues related to the effectiveness of constructions and installation technologies, as well as conduct a systematic review of the literature and analyze existing norms and standards. Particular attention is paid to defining the key criteria that determine the efficiency and reliability of the installation of structural plates.
The results of the study can be useful for specialists in the field of construction design, architectural design and the construction industry. The analysis of the regulatory framework allows modern practitioners and researchers to better understand the requirements for structures and contributes to the further development of standards in the field of installation of structural slabs.
Against the background of the rapid development of the construction industry and constant technological evolution in the field of building structures, special attention is devoted to the analysis of the regulatory framework for determining the criteria for the effectiveness of structural and technological solutions, in particular, when installing structural slabs.
The article begins with substantiating the relevance of the topic, based on the need to optimize and improve construction processes. The authors identify problems and challenges that often arise in connection with the installation of structural plates, and argue the need for a thorough analysis of regulatory documents.
In the future, a systematic review of the literature and existing national and international standards regulating the installation process of structural plates is carried out. Special attention is paid to identifying inconsistencies or gaps in existing regulatory documents and the need for their clarification.
The key aspect of the extended analysis is the determination of efficiency and reliability criteria for the installation of structural plates. The authors consider technical and operational aspects, taking into account the impact of the environment and the requirements for the durability of structures.
The main results of the research can be useful for practicing engineers, architects and specialists in the construction industry. The conclusions and recommendations of the article can serve as a basis for further scientific research in the field of improvement of regulatory requirements and standards for improving the quality and safety of the installation of structural slabs.