bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reflections on: “So… What Do You Do?” Occupation and the Construction of Identity
Authors: Unruh Anita M.
Published: March 2013

Background. What we do has always played a leading part in social conversations about who we are. In part, these social questions are about occupational identity. Purpose and method. Occupational identity is an emerging concept in the occupational therapy literature. In this paper, the concept of occupational identity is examined through the observations of a former research participant in a previous study on the meaning of gardens and gardening in daily life, and the recent work of researchers in occupational therapy and occupational science. Results. Three themes are examined in these reflections. They are occupation and continuity of occupational identity, the contributions of productivity, leisure and self-care to occupational identity and, the public and private aspects of occupational identity. Practice Implications. Exploration with a client about what occupations are most meaningful in her or his life may be a means to understanding the person's construction of an occupational identity. Understanding the nature of the client's occupational identity may be a necessary beginning to developing a collaborative approach to what is needed in occupational therapy intervention.
Utilisation de la MCRO auprès d'enfants et de leurs parents : une expérience suisse
Authors: Kaiser Marie-Laure , Braun Mark , Rhyner Christine
Published: March 2013

Description générale. Cette étude descriptive et exploratoire a porté sur l'utilisation de la mesure canadienne du rendement occupationnel (MCRO) auprès de 33 enfants et de leurs parents en Suisse francophone. l'étude visait globalement à définir l'utilité de cette mesure pour objectiver les effets du traitement. Méthodologie. La MCRO a été administrée à deux moments (évaluation initiale et réévaluation) afin de mesurer le changement dans le rendement occupationnel et dans la satisfaction. Les entrevues ont été réalisées soit avec les parents et les enfants ensemble, soit séparément et ce, par 18 ergothérapeutes. Résultats. Les analyses font ressortir des changements significatifs au plan statistique entre les deux temps de mesure tant dans le rendement occupationnel qu'au niveau de la satisfaction. Il apparaît que les ergothérapeutes projettent d'utiliser la MCRO moins comme outil d'évaluation que comme guide lors de l'entretien avec les parents et l'enfant. En effet, seulement 17 % des ergothérapeutes rapportent vouloir utiliser régulièrement la cotation chiffrée de la MCRO mais la plupart ont relevé l'apport positif de cette mesure pour un meilleur partenariat entre les parents et les professionnels. Conséquences pour la pratique. La contribution de cette étude réside non seulement dans les résultats de la recherche confirmant la pertinence de la MCRO pour mesurer les effets de la pratique mais également dans l'influence de son utilisation sur la pratique ergothérapique avec une plus grande centration sur les besoins du client et sur son autonomie dans la vie quotidienne.
The Impact of Reacher Length on Electromyography Activity and Task
Authors: Pinkston Nicole E. , Boersma Amy J. , Spaulding Sandi J.
Published: March 2013

Background. Reachers are common assistive devices prescribed to help individuals carry out their day-to day activities. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of muscle activity in the arm and forearm when using two commercially available reachers of different lengths. Method. Fifteen women between the ages of 23 and 25 performed a reaching activity that simulated moving a soup can from a cupboard to a counter. Surface electromyography was used to measure the muscle activity in the arm and forearm and to gain an understanding of the relative contributions of different muscles when using the short-handled reach in comparison to the long-handled reacher. Result. The results showed no significant differences between the short and the long reacher conditions for any of the muscles investigated. Practice Implications. The length of a reacher does not necessarily affect the amount of muscle strength required in some muscles and may not be a major factor in the therapist's choice of reacher length.
Reflection as a Means to Foster Client-Centred Practice
Authors: Duggan Ruth
Published: March 2013

Background. Client-centred practice embraces important concepts about partnership and justice that promote client participation in meaningful occupations. It is important to understand how occupational therapists can engage in and continue to develop client-centred practice within the constraints of everyday settings. Purpose and Methods. An action research study was undertaken by a group of four occupational therapists to describe insights gained, and to show the effectiveness of participation in reflective education to help foster client-centred practice. Results. The six main insights generated by the group involve: congruence, understanding the potential, environmental factors, personal factors, expectations, and lifelong learning. Practice Implications. Although actual change to daily practice was limited, group members felt the reflective group discussion provided them with a launch pad to start a journey toward more client-centred practice. This may be the key to moving beyond simply changing the face and language of occupational therapy practice toward a deeper understanding and implementation of client-centred practice to improve client outcomes. Suggestions are provided for implementing reflection to help continue to develop your own practice.
Perceptions of Power Mobility Use and Safety within Residential Facilities
Authors: Mortenson William B. , Miller William C. , Boily Jeanette , Steele Barbara , Odell Leslie , Crawford Erin M. , Desharnais Guylaine
Published: March 2013

Background. Power wheelchairs enhance quality of life by enabling occupation, improving self-esteem and facilitating social interaction. Despite these benefits, the risks associated with power mobility use raise serious concerns in residential facilities. Purpose. As there is no gold standard to assess when a client is unsafe, a two-phase study was conducted to develop client-centred guidelines for power mobility use. Method. In the first phase of the study, presented here, 18 in-depth, qualitative interviews were conducted with a variety of stakeholders, including power mobility users, other residents, staff and family members. Results. A thematic analysis of the interviews revealed four main themes: 1) the meaning of power mobility, 2) learning the rules of the road, 3) red flags: concerns about safety, and 4) solutions. Practice Implications. Given the importance of power mobility, safety measures need to address issues of mobility and safety for power mobility drivers and those around them.
Social Profile: Assessment of Validity and Reliability with Preschool Children
Authors: Donohue Mary V.
Published: March 2013

Background. The Social Profile evaluates the social participation levels of children in activity groups and is based on the concepts of group social participation, interaction behavioural skills, and process factors. The 7 factors for each of the group levels in the Social Profile are cooperation, norms, roles, communication, activity behaviour, power and attraction. Purpose. This study evaluates the validity and reliability of the Social Profile. Method. A panel of eleven judges examined the content of the Social Profile and their recommendations were incorporated. Two occupational therapy observers measured group skills in 15 preschool groups of typically developing children. Results. Cluster analysis of the study data indicated distinctions between skill clusters of social participation levels. Factor analysis confirmed these theoretical and clinical field component factors as distinct behaviours. Clinical Implications. The Social Profile has the potential to be used with a wide range of children to assess and treat their social skill deficits. Occupational therapy students and clinicians can use the assessment for training and to expand their observational abilities for evaluating social skills.
Measuring the Outcomes of Word Cueing Technology
Authors: Tam Cynthia , Archer Janice , Mays Jennifer , Skidmore Gretchen
Published: March 2013

Background. Measurement of assistive technology outcomes is complex because many factors (e.g., environment and model of service delivery) influence the successful use of the technology. Purpose. Using the example of measuring the outcomes of word cueing technology, this paper presents an approach for measuring assistive technology outcomes. Method. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) was administered to 29 children with physical and learning disabilities, between the ages of 3.9 and 19 years. Participants were provided with WordQ, a software program designed to assist the development of writing skills. Follow-up data were collected through telephone interviews. Results. The COPM findings supported the effectiveness of WordQ Version 1 to enhance written productivity, with a mean performance change score of 3.5 (SD = 1.5). The COPM was an effective tool for measuring clients' perceived outcome of word cueing technology. Telephone interview was considered a successful method for collecting outcome data. Practice Implications. A mix of tools and methodologies should be used to gain a comprehensive understanding of the impact of assistive technology.
Effects of Workplace Policy on Continuing Professional Development: The Case of Occupational Therapy in Nova Scotia, Canada
Authors: Townsend Elizabeth , Le-May Sheffield Suzanne , Stadnyk Robin , Beagan Brenda
Published: March 2013

Background. Continuing professional development is essential for professionals to remain competent, and for effective recruitment and retention. Purpose. This paper reports a qualitative study of the effects of workplace policy on continuing professional development on a small, dispersed profession in a resource-challenged province, using the case example of occupational therapy in Nova Scotia. Methods. The study used a multi-methods design, theoretically based on institutional ethnography. Methods were critical appraisal of the literature, interview and focus group data collection with 28 occupational therapists and 4 health services administrators, and a review of workplace policy. Results. The study identified a policy wall. Notable policies were those which defined who is responsible for continuing professional development, and which limited employee benefits and work flexibility options for those with family duties. It appears that a female-dominated profession, such as occupational therapy, may also face gender-based challenges. Practice Implications. Suggestions are offered for workplace policy makers, unions, provincial regulatory organizations, and health professionals. The findings are generally applicable to any small, dispersed health profession operating in resource-challenged conditions.
Exploring the Mental Health Needs of Injured Workers
Authors: Cacciacarro Lucia , Kirsh Bonnie
Published: March 2013

Background. The mental health of injured workers has been relatively unexplored in the literature, though there is a suggestion that needs are substantive. Purpose. This study explored the experiences of injured workers to generate an understanding of their mental health needs. Methods. In-depth qualitative interviews were carried out on a purposeful sample of 4 injured workers living in the greater Toronto area. Data was analyzed inductively and four major themes emerged. Results. Themes related to the life changes that result from work injury, and the sense of alienation from society and abandonment by the compensation system. Injured workers reflected that continued involvement in meaningful occupations and encouragement from supportive others helped to promote positive well-being after the injury. All participants emphasized the need for systemic change. Practice Implications. Occupational therapists and other professionals working with the injured worker population can use findings from this study to promote positive mental health and well-being among injured workers and their families
Evaluating ADL Measures from an Occupational Therapy Perspective
Authors: Klein Sheryl , Barlow Ingrid , Hollis Vivien
Published: March 2013

Background. Measures reflecting occupational therapy's conceptualization of occupational performance support the profession's contribution to evidence-based practice and fiscal accountability.Purpose. This study compared measures of performance-based activities of daily living (ADL) with principles of occupational therapy practice and intended outcomes.Methods. Using an action research study design, occupational therapists and researchers (N=13) systematically clarified the clinical problem, identified occupational therapy principles inherent to the assessment of daily living activity via nominal group technique; defined the key principles as constructs; and reframed these constructs as a questionnaire against which 18 published standardized ADL measures were evaluated.Findings. Participants identified six measures as most congruent with principles of occupational therapy practice: ADL Profile, Assessment of Motor and Process Skills, Functional Performance Measure, Rivermead ADL Assessment, Edmans ADL Index, and Melville-Nelson Self-Care Assessment. Implications. Findings guide occupational therapists' search and use of performance-based ADL measures that demonstrate the profession's distinct health care contribution.
Falls and the Physical Environment: A Review and a New Multifactorial Falls-Risk Conceptual Framework
Authors: Feldman Fabio , Chaudhury Habib
Published: March 2013

Background. Fall-related injuries result in significant physical and psychological suffering to the affected individuals. The physical environment is considered to have an important role in falls.Purpose. To conduct extensive review of and synthesize related literature, and to develop a conceptual framework to explain the relationship among falls, the physical environment, and older adults.Method. Review of the literature was conducted to examine: (a) link between environmental hazards and falls, (b) efficacy of home-modification interventions, and (c) role of the physical environment in falls of people with cognitive impairment.Results. A strong link between environmental hazards and the risk of falls has yet to be established. A conceptual framework is presented that proposes that an individual's risk for falls can be determined by the interaction of three main factors: mobility, risk-taking behaviour, and physical environment.Implications. Environmental interventions should be combined with other interventions such as exercise programs and education.
Cultural and Gender Effects on Israeli Children's Preferences for Activities
Authors: Engel-Yeger Batya , Jarus Tal
Published: March 2013

Background. Knowledge about factors that affect participation, as preference of activities, has major intervention implications. Purpose. To evaluate culture and gender effects on Israeli Jewish and Druze children's preference of activities performed outside mandated school. This study used the “Preference Assessment of Children” (PAC) (King et al., 2004). Findings. On most scales, the Jewish children showed significantly less interest in activities than the Druze children. Among the Jews, girls showed higher preference in most PAC scales than boys while among the Druze girls showed higher preference than the boys only in social skills. Implications. Culture and gender may influence children's preference of activity. More studies should elaborate the knowledge about individuals' preferred activities; understanding the factors that affect these preferences may enhance occupational therapy evaluation and intervention processes. Canadian occupational therapists, as health care professionals in a multicultural society, must develop cultural competency and explore people's experience as cultural beings.
Life Experiences of Young Adults Who have Coordination Difficulties
Authors: Missiuna Cheryl , Moll Sandra , King Gillian , Stewart Debra , Macdonald Kathryn
Published: March 2013

Background. Little is known about the impact of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) during adolescence and young adulthood. Purpose. This study explored the lived experiences of a nonclinical sample of nine university students who reported having significant coordination difficulties. Methods. A phenomenological approach was used that included two in-depth interviews asking participants to recall retrospectively their experiences throughout adolescence. Transcripts were coded to identify themes, and member-checking supported the credibility of findings. Findings. Strong pathways of resilience were found with participants who employed cognitive and behavioural strategies to manage their motor differences. Key themes emerged related to managing coordination differences including avoidance/withdrawal/adaptation, seeking compatible activities, using humour, and persevering. As adolescents matured, changing social contexts affected their self-efficacy and others' perceptions of them. Implications. The findings of this study challenge occupational therapists to move beyond impairment-based interventions to ecological interventions that facilitate social and community participation.
Obsessional Slowness: A Case Study
Authors: Lam Wendy , Wong Karen W. , Fulks Mary-Ann , Holsti Liisa
Published: March 2013

Background. Obsessional slowness is a rare psychiatric disorder with few treatment options and limited research to date. Some suggest that targeted behavioural interventions may reduce the time taken for functional daily activities. Purpose. To examine whether a behavioural intervention would reduce the amount of time taken for an adolescent with obsessional slowness to walk to class. Methods. A single-subject A-B-A withdrawal design was incorporated into this case study. The treatment involved one-to-one pacing and prompting during the subject's walk to gym class. Walking times to gym class were measured during a baseline phase, during a one-month treatment phase, and during a post-treatment follow-up phase. Findings. The subject's walking times decreased during the treatment phase. Post-treatment walking times suggested a carry-over effect. Implications. This study adds to the sparse evidence on treatments for obsessional slowness and suggests occupation-based treatment options.
Applicability and Clinical Utility of the Client-Centred Strategies Framework
Authors: Restall Gayle , Ripat Jacquie
Published: March 2013

Background. The Client-centred Strategies Framework consists of strategies for facilitating therapists' application of client-centred approaches.Purpose. The purpose of this study was to explore the application of the strategies and the utility of the framework to implement client-centred approaches.Methods. The study used a sequential mixed-methods procedure. The quantitative phase consisted of a survey of 230 Canadian occupational therapists. The qualitative phase consisted of telephone focus groups with a sample of 14 Canadian respondents to the initial survey.Findings. Results indicated that occupational therapists experience challenges in implementing strategies, particularly related to community organizing, coalition advocacy, and political action. Therapists identified multiple factors that influenced the implementation of strategies and ways of incorporating strategies into daily practice. The Client-centred Strategies Framework was viewed as a useful tool for increasing dialogue about occupational therapists' role in client-centred practice.Implications. The results of this study encourage an expanded view of client-centred strategies and the application of strategies to daily practice.
Stroke Patients' Experience with the Australian Health System: A Qualitative Study
Authors: White Jennifer H. , Magin Parker , Pollack Michael R. P.
Published: March 2013

Background. Consumer feedback about experiences with the health system is integral to service planning and is consistent with growing interest in patient-centred care. Purpose. To explore the experiences of community-dwelling stroke survivors at one, three, and five years using a community-based, cross-sectional study. Methods. The quantitative study was comprised of 90 participants post-stroke (3 cohorts, each including 30 participants). Qualitative interviews were undertaken with 12 participants (4 participants from each cohort). This paper presents findings from the qualitative component of the project. Findings. The majority of participants in each cohort were independent and a high proportion required community services. Qualitative data identified varied experiences with the health system, including knowledge about stroke, communication with the health system, and influences on transition home. Implications. The results presented identify the need for ongoing health professional education to enhance stroke service delivery. There is a particular need to address stroke risk-factor modification and to ensure close collaboration with patients and other health professionals with regard to rehabilitation processes. Results identify experiences with health systems up to five years post-stroke. Occupational therapy can play an essential role in post-stroke education and in rehabilitation focused on adjustment to stroke.
Self-Care, Productivity, and Leisure, or Dimensions of Occupational Experience? Rethinking Occupational “Categories”
Authors: Hammell Karen Whalley
Published: March 2013

Background. Critics contend that occupational therapy's theories of occupation are culturally specific, class-bound, and ableist, and that the division of all occupations into three simplistic categories of self-care, productivity, and leisure is arbitrary, lacks supportive evidence, and promotes a doctrine of individualism. Purpose. To add to the work of critics who advocate a fundamental rethinking of occupational therapy's conceptualizations of occupation in terms of subjective qualities of experience that address intrinsic needs. Key issues. This paper suggests that if categories of occupation were informed by the ways in which people experience their occupations, these might be labelled as restorative, as ways to connect and contribute, as engagement in doing, and as ways to connect the past and present to a hopeful future. Implications. If occupational therapists enabled diverse clients' perspectives to inform occupational categories, perhaps relationships between occupations and well-being might more easily be identified in theory and addressed in practice.
A Framework for Combining Theoretical Conceptual Practice Models in Occupational Therapy Practice
Authors: Ikiugu Moses N. , Smallfield Stacy , Condit Charity
Published: March 2013

Background. Occupational therapists find it difficult to use theoretical conceptual practice models to guide practice because no single model can address all of a client's occupational performance issues. Purpose. This paper presents a proposed framework for combining conceptual practice models to guide both collaborative assessment and intervention planning to address clients' occupational performance issues. The framework was designed as a tool not only to help therapists use theoretical models more easily, but also to help them better defend their intervention decisions. Key Issues. The framework provides a systematic method of combining a variety of theoretical conceptual practice models to address a client's issues more comprehensively thereby making theory appealing to therapists. Implications. The framework may be useful in helping occupational therapists combine multiple theoretical models to address clients' occupational performance issues and in defending their clinical decisions effectively.
Capturing Presence Moments: The Art of Mindful Practice in Occupational Therapy
Authors: Reid Denise
Published: March 2013

Background. This paper explores theoretical and practical views of mindfulness and phenomena of presence moments. The potential for altering life and enabling change through lived experience of mindful presence moments has relevance for occupational therapy practice. Purpose. To suggest ways for occupational therapists to become mindfully present during practice. Based on theoretical perspectives drawn from the fields of psychology, philosophy, psychoanalysis, neuroscience, and education, a four-fold approach will be outlined for occupational therapists to practice mindfully and experience presence moments. Key Issues. This approach emphasizes key concepts of awareness, non-judgment, reflection, curiosity, and commitment to practice. A clinical scenario is used to illustrate the approach. Implications. The ideas raised in this paper need to be incorporated into daily practice by occupational therapists so that a culture of mindful practice can be cultivated. Suggestions are provided throughout the paper for an agenda of potential research studies to address aspects of mindfulness and presence moments more fully.
Paediatric Occupational Therapists' Reflections on Meaning in Professional Practice: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Smith Kirsten Trenc , Kinsella Elizabeth Anne
Published: March 2013

Background. The construct of meaning plays an important role in the theories and models that inform occupational therapy; yet little research has examined the construct of meaning within the professional practices of occupational therapists. Purpose. The purpose of this research is to gain a deeper understanding of the meanings occupational therapists identify within their professional practice occupations. Methods. A phenomenological methodology was adopted for this study. Eight paediatric occupational therapists participated in in-depth, semi-structured interviews, which were tape-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed. Findings. Seven major themes were identified: Relating to clients as human beings, making a positive difference, working as a team, permission to have fun, congruency of values, support in the workplace, and artistry of practice. Implications. The study contributes to knowledge about accounts of meaning in the working lives of paediatric occupational therapists and highlights potential implications for therapists, clients, teams, organizations, and for the profession.
LE ROLE DE L'ERGOTHERAPEUTE EN MILIEU SCOLAIRE
Authors: Boucher Monique G. , Menard Therese
Published: March 2013

Dans le futur, la reconnaissance du titre de professionnels de la santé, pour les membres de notre profession, ne sera possible qu'au prix d'une formation scientifique plus poussée et d'une compétence accrue, dans ce qui fait la spécificité de notre approche. L'amateurisme devra donc céder la place à la compétence professionnelle et notre philosophie devra s'adapter aux valeurs et besoins changeants d'une société en évolution.

L'article présente à titre d'exemple l'orientation et l'organisation globale du cours donné à L'Université “Western” d'Ontario et l'auteur termine par une série de suggestions, susceptibles de pourvoir au développement actuel de notre profession.

This is the report of a study carried out at the Ecole Victor Doré, Montreal. The purpose of the study was to further understand the role the occupational therapist can play in a school setting. One of the main areas studied was that of perception and how perceptual deficits affect a child's ability to learn when he reaches the stage of learning through reading and writing. Further study was done in the area of independence in self-care activities, the role of the O.T. on the multi-disciplinary team and the problems faced by the handicapped child when integrated into a regular school.
Integration on Campus and in the Community: A Comprehensive Approach to Learning
Authors: Day Gertrude Ellis
Published: March 2013

For learning to be effective, it must have its greatest impetus in early preschool years with concern for the whole child. How can we help the infant and young child achieve his highest potential unless we work together with other professions, originally as fellow students? Learning in the classroom is not enough. The impact of theoretical knowledge comes when it is applied in practice. The project described, undertaken during a sabbatical leave, illustrates the need for an integrated approach to learning for both the student from the university and the young child in a developmentally oriented and well supervised day care center. The involvement of many disciplines in shared learning has contributed to an understanding of the biological, psychological, social and educational process of learning and its effective application in a field experience.
Poetry — A Therapeutic Tool
Authors: Zink Tannis M.
Published: March 2013

Poetry has been successfully used as a group technique for many years yielding material which can be interpreted using a similar system as used with any other projective material. Four stages of poetic development are described as:

“Pre-Poetry Stage” “First ‘Outpouring’ Stage” “Second ‘Narrative’ Stage” “Third ‘Mature’ Stage”

which, in turn, relate to the mental health of the individual producing poetry. A practical description of a poetry group is included along with step-by-step particulars of a method of organization.
Un mode de communication par symboles pour enfants I.M.C. privés de la parole (système Bliss)
Authors: Hunsinger Keila Waksvik , Boucher Monique Germain , Paré Louise , Benoit Diane , Victor-Doré École
Published: March 2013

Un mode de communication par symboles, développé par Charles K. Bliss dans les années 40, est mis en application pour la première fois avec des enfants I.M.C. à l'Ontario Crippled Children's Centre à Toronto en 1971, et offre une possibilité à ces enfants de communiquer avec leur entourage et ce, avant l'acquisition de la lecture. Dans cet article, on décrit le développement du Système Bliss à l'école Victor-Doré à Montréal. Notre but est purement descriptif et informatif. Avant d'entreprendre l'enseignement des symboles auprès d'enfants ou d'adultes handicapés de la parole, il est fortement recommandé d'entrer en contact avec l'O.C.C.C. pour de plus amples renseignements et documentation. Un centre de Ressources chargé de la coordination et de la diffusion d'information dans la province de Québec, est présentement en voie d'organisation. On peut prendre contact avec Keila Waksvik Hunsinger pour des renseignements à ce propos.
Muriel Driver Memorial Lecture
Authors: Hood Margaret R.
Published: March 2013

The paper attempts to explore the implications of maintenance of competence for Canadian Occupational Therapists. It reviews the concepts of accountability, credentialing, peer review, self-evaluation and continuing education. Reference is made to other Health Care professions and their progress in maintenance of competence. Suggestions for some solutions are offered and a challenge is put to the educators to encourage the forthcoming graduates to recognize the need for life long learning.
Research and Occupational Therapy
Authors: Hunter Jane E.
Published: March 2013

The quality and quantity of research in occupational therapy remains in its infancy. The following article is based on a study carried out in the spring of 1974, the objectives of which were to examine the role and function of the occupational therapist in clinical research, to identify areas in which occupational therapists have been involved in research and to examine the attitudes of registered therapists towards research.
Occupational Therapy in the Regular School System
Authors: Bell Elizabeth B. , Burch Jennifer
Published: March 2013

This paper describes the gradual introduction of occupational therapists into the regular school system in Ontario. The main section proposes a variety of possible opportunities for therapists in the school system and mentions various roles for therapists there. Two of these roles are described: one is the use of Sensory Integrative Programs and the other is the use of Life Skills Programs. Both are employed as preventative measures in this context. The later section of the paper discusses some results of a survey conducted mainly in Southern Ontario. The conclusion of the paper provides recommendations for action by therapists involved with “normal” schools and includes examples such as the concepts of joint-funding and combined research projects.
A Developmental Perspective
Authors: Woodside Harriet
Published: March 2013

A brief outline of what is meant by a developmental perspective is considered prior to examining its application to occupational therapy. Development concepts useful to practitioners are considered. This is followed by a review of the two present theories developed by occupational therapists which are based on developmental models. This information is given as a basis for the main objective of the paper: To propose a develpmental perspective for occupational therapy based on play behaviour.
Student Section
Authors: Scully Eileen
Published: March 2013

Occupational therapy students and staff at McGill University organized an O.T. display for the McGill Open House. The theme of the display was Rehabilitation ′77. The focus was on helping the public to gain a clear understanding of occupational therapy. This was done by presenting as many aspects of O.T. as possible and by inviting the active participation of our visitors. The display was most successful. Our aim of enlightening the public was enjoyably accomplished and the end result was a positive experience for all involved.
Me? — Political?
Authors: O'Shea Barbara J.
Published: March 2013

Traditionally, occupational therapists tend to perceive their role as apolitical, geared solely to direct patient service. Discussions and recommendations from the Symposium on Occupational Therapy in Canada suggest that political behaviour is an essential component of modern occupational therapy practice. This apparently antithetical belief is discussed within the perspective of professional development.
Consumer Section
Authors: Hines Janice , Law Mary , Usher Patricia
Published: March 2013

During the past few years, the Occupational Therapists at the Kitchener-Waterloo Rotary Children's Centre have explored and prescribed electric wheelchairs for handicapped children from 2-19 years of age. This paper presents a comparison of three children's electric wheelchairs, the Bec, Solo, and Everest and Jennings.
Perspectives from Tomorrow's Therapists
Authors: Moskowitz Evelyn , Burghardt Maryanne
Published: March 2013

This paper briefly describes the theoretical framework of sensory integrative treatment, as it was originally developed by Ayres, and used with perceptually handicapped children. The results of testing and observations by several authors, which reveal sensory integrative and perceptual disturbances in schizophrenics, are outlined. King's model of personality development and the theoretical concepts underlying the application of sensory integrative treatment to schizophrenics are presented. Lack of empirical evidence and standardized tests are found to be the difficulties in establishing the effectiveness of the use of sensory integration in the treatment of the schizophrenic patient.
A Musculoskeletal Assessment Course for Occupational Therapists
Authors: Greenspoon Iris , Wolkin Shelley
Published: March 2013

A practical course in musculoskeletal assessment was given for occupational therapists in Toronto. The assessment which is based upon the work of Dr. James Cyriax, may help to provide a more systematic and objective approach to treatment. A comparison was drawn between the contrasting spinal pathology and back education theories of Dr. Cyriax and Dr. W.H. Fahrni. A musculoskeletal study group has been formed to further integrate these principles into a occupational therapy treatment regime and to facilitate communication between therapists working in this field.
Image corporelle et ergothérapie
Authors: Marazzani Micheline H. , Jobin Jean-Guy
Published: March 2013

L'image corporelle, définie et différenciée de termes et de concepts associés, est présentée comme un concept global relié au développement psychosexuel de la personne. S'inscrivant bien dans une approche holistique, ce concept influence le traitement ergothérapique autan; du point de vue du bénéficiaire que de celui du thérapeute.
Early Motion and Splinting of Hands following Burns: A Literature Review
Authors: Stramba Lorraine M.
Published: March 2013

Burns of the hands may result in the most incapacitating deformities, both functional and esthetic. When acute, these deformities represent postural changes and, as such, are transient, yielding rapidly to corrective measures. Without proper preventative management at this stage, these deformities will become fixed and permanent. This paper seeks to briefly describe the role played by early motion and proper positioning (usually with splints) in the optimal rehabilitation of the burned hand. Rehabilitation begins early after injury, requiring the combined efforts of surgeon, therapist and patient. The discussion of such management is divided into an early and late phase.
L'ensemble rythmique: Une technique de musicothérapie appliquée en ergothérapie: Partie II — Une thérapie douce
Authors: Jobin Jean-Guy
Published: March 2013

Cet article, qui fait suite à un premier article à caractère descriptif, vise à dégager quelques éléments théoriques de base touchant la musique et plus précisément l'expérience rythmique telle qu'on peut la vivre au moyen de l'ensemble rythmique. Cette activité, qui pourra répondre à certains buts thérapeutiques définis, est toutefois conçue comme une thérapie ouverte jouant à la fois sur l'aspect structure et sur l'aspect spontanéité.
Comparative Analysis of Occupational Therapy Prevocational Assessments and Industrial Vocational Assessments: A Pilot Study
Authors: Robinson Karen L. , Gill Thelma , Bull Shelley B. , Spaulding Sandi J.
Published: March 2013

The present investigation was undertaken for the purpose of looking at the correlation between industrial pre-employment assessments and the prevocational assessments used by clinical occupational therapists. This pilot study involved the surveying of a sample of different-sized industries in the London, Ontario area. A similar survey of practising occupational therapists was also done in London. The authors were interested in the prevalence of test usage, the average number of tests used by industry and therapists, and specifically, the types of tests used by both groups.

Conclusions centre around two ideas: (a) If occupational therapy prevocational assessment usage is concerned primarily with ascertaining patient skill level in a work approach for patient/therapist feedback purposes, then perhaps there should be no concern with correlating these activities with industry in the London area; (b) If communication between therapists and industry in the London area is to be enhanced for the purposes of providing possible client placement and more meaningful information for vocational rehabilitation personnel, a common ground for discussion and negotiation could be gained by using the same or similar tests. This may encourage a greater future success rate in placing prevocationally assessed clients in job situations in the London area. A larger nation-wide sample of industry and occupational therapy departments may further elucidate this issue in order to keep occupational therapists abreast of the changing needs of Canadian industry.
Continuing Education and the Geographically Isolated Therapist
Authors: Harvey Laura M.
Published: March 2013

The relationship between therapists' geographic location and three program planning variables in continuing education was studied using the descriptive survey method. The findings suggested that learning needs were high in evaluation related competencies and that family responsibility and lack of appropriate programs were major barriers to participation. The overwhelming preference in delivery systems was the one or two day workshop. The study concluded that there were few significant differences between urban and rural therapists in relation to the variables studied indicating restraint rather than innovation in programming for the geographically isolated therapist.
Professional Certification Procedures: A Developmental Forecast for the Year 2000
Authors: Gill Thelma
Published: March 2013

This paper presents the technique of future forecasting through the development of a scenario based on the process of certification. The paper focuses on the demands of consumer groups, influence of world events, actions taken by Government, and developments within medicine, nursing and occupational therapy through the presentation of a scenario which spans the years 1983–2000. No claim is made that the contents of the scenario will become reality. Rather, the technique is presented as another tool that could be used by the profession in the development of future plans and policies.
Prevocational Exploration and Vocational Rehabilitation of the Psychiatric Client
Authors: Stein Franklin
Published: March 2013

The primary objective of this paper is to survey current trends in the United States in the use of vocational rehabilitation services for the psychiatric client in relation to occupational therapy. In assessing the techniques and services that can be employed by occupational therapists working in psychiatric rehabilitation centers, nine vocational rehabilitation prototypes have been identified, i.e., evaluation of skills and aptitudes, occupational information groups, individual counseling, vocational training, pre-employment group counseling, transitional volunteer work, sheltered work, temporary tryout work, and special placement.

Based on a number of descriptive clinical studies, it can be concluded that vocational rehabilitation serves as a key factor in a comprehensive psychiatric treatment program located in the community. In general, work provides the psychiatric client with opportunities to be in the mainstream of life and to attain the psychological satisfactions that are derived from being employed.
Community Care for the Chronic Mentally Ill
Authors: Woodside Harriet
Published: March 2013

The movement of chronic mentally ill patients from large mental hospitals into the community, seeks to liberate institutionalized clients and substitute a more humane environment. This article reviews the types of chronic mental patients now living in the community. The differences between a maintenance and a rehabilitation model for treating the chronic mental patient living in the community are discussed. Special treatment programs for the young adult chronic client are also considered.

Three questions specific to occupational therapists working with chronic mentally ill patients in the community are then explored. These are: A. How can we increase the visibility of occupational therapy in community mental health?; B. Should occupational therapists be involved in programs which have a maintenance, rather than a rehabilitation focus?: and C. What has the occupational therapist to offer the young adult chronic client?
Sensorimotor Integration Therapy for Hip Fracture and CVA Patients
Authors: Babayov Dana , Omer Haim , Menczel Jacob
Published: March 2013

A rehabilitation program, having as its central component a sensorimotor integration procedure, was applied to 36 geriatric patients after hip fracture or CVA. The sensorimotor integration was gradually carried out in a developmental sequence from a lying down position to a fully erect position. Results were preliminarily evaluated by pre- and post- treatment figure drawings, and by ADL ratings. Significant changes were obtained in both measures. Qualitative changes in figure drawings point to specific effects of the sensorimotor integration therapy. A detailed theoretical rationale is provided for the implementation of SI therapy with patients suffering from CVA or hip fracture.
Career Patterns in two Groups of Alberta Occupational Therapists
Authors: Madill H. M. , Brintnell E. S. G. , Stewin L. L. , Fitzsimmons G. W. , Macnab D.
Published: March 2013

Many factors contribute to job satisfaction and commitment to a particular career choice. Developmental approaches and those involving the self concept as outlined by Super are applicable to occupational therapy. This article presents the results of a career pattern study in two groups of Alberta occupational therapists ( N = 119), Using the Life Roles Inventory, values, participation, commitment, and role value realization in five major life roles are described; similarities and differences between groups are outlined. Personal interviews were used to collect career pattern data from both groups; several themes were identified.
House-Tree-Person Projective Technique: A Validation of its Use in Occupational Therapy
Authors: Polatajko Helen , Kaiserman Ethel
Published: March 2013

The purpose of this study was to determine if the House-Tree-Person Projective Technique (H-T-P) was a valid and efficient method for identifying a problem list for occupational therapy (OT) treatment. In order to do this, a comparative study using blinded procedures was carried out. Forty acute psychiatric clients were administered the H-T-P by a trained research officer who knew nothing about the clients. They were also given an OT assessment by their therapist and a nursing evaluation by their assigned nurse. In each case, a problem list was generated. These were compared for percentage agreement between problems, percentage of problems accounted for and the length of time required to generate the various lists. The percentage agreement between H-T-P and Nursing and between H-T-P and OT generated problem lists was 32.88 and 47.18, respectively. Percentage of problems accounted for was 66.42 and 75.19, respectively. The differences were discussed. The time required to administer the H-T-P was considerably less than administration time for the traditional occupational therapy assessment. In conclusion, the H-T-P was found to be a valuable screening tool.
The Pre-Admission Interview as a Predictor of Academic Grades and Fieldwork Performance
Authors: Vargo James W. , Madill Helen M. , Davidson Philip R.
Published: March 2013

Data from 139 graduates, of the Bachelor of Science program in Occupational Therapy at the University, of Alberta were analyzed, to determine the relationship among pre-admission required courses, grads point average in each of four years, and clinical performance as measured by ratings, on the Report of Clinical Fieldwork from the Canadian, Association of Occupational, Therapy (CAOT Form) and by the Field, work Performance Report from, the American. Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA Form). Relationships between pre-admission interview ratings and both measures of clinical performance were lower, than relationships of the clinical measures with four of the eight academic measures in the case of the CAOT Form, and five of the eight academic measures in the case of the AOTA Form. Results are discussed in terms of admission criteria for occupational therapy programs in general and? the University of Alberta program in particular.
Refresher Education Policy: Results of a Survey
Authors: Polatajko Helen , Wright Carolyn , Clancy Pat , LeBlanc Maria , Vanhook Margie
Published: March 2013

Occupational Therapy experiences chronic manpower shortage. This is in part, due to loss of trained, experienced manpower. In many cases, female occupational therapists, like other women, drop-out of the work force to re-enter later. In an attempt to deliniate refresher education policy for re-entering, a mail survey of randomly selected members of Ontario occupational therapists and occupational therapy managers was conducted. The results of the survey suggested refresher education should be mandatory after an absence of 3–5 years, should be under the jurisdiction, at least in part, of the provincial association, should be oriented to specialists training and have a variety of formats including clinical practice.