bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Bearing of Science on the Thought of Arthur Hugh Clough
Authors: Palmer Francis W.
Published: November 2006

Arthur Hugh Clough died at the age of forty-two just two years after the publication of Darwin's Origin of Species. The main body of his slender volume of work was done by 1859, and it is barely probable that he knew Darwin's epoch-making study or had even heard of it. But Darwin, one must remember, climaxed a period of continuing scientific research on the results of which speculation had abundantly fed. Clough's adult years coincided with the last twenty years or so of this period. Such circumstances as the appearance of Lyell's Principles of Geology or the impact on English religious thinking of Strauss and German higher criticism, on the one hand, and the emergence of the Oxford Movement with its appeal to the principle of authority, on the other, could not but evoke from sensitive and thoughtful minds some significant response. In the period that produced Tennyson's In Memoriam, Clough's response was equally or more significant. Though their inward struggles were not unlike, the resolution for Clough differs sufficiently from Tennyson's to repay careful study of his thought. I fancy that of the two Clough's mind and the upshot of his speculation are the more congenial to the twentieth century.
Three Early Works Attributed to Dickens
Authors: Houtchens Carolyn W. , Houtchens Lawrence H.
Published: November 2006

One unfortunate result of Charles Dickens's great popularity and of the lack of an international copyright law in his time was that many publications were wrongly attributed to him in the United States. Mr. B. W. Matz in the Dickensian for 1925, gives an excellent account of the articles reprinted in America from Household Words with Dickens's name fraudulently attached; and many other similarly erroneous publications could be added to Mr. Matz's list. The greater number of these appeared during the 1850's, and their style and content are so patently uncharacteristic of Dickens that without question they were merely unscrupulous attempts to trade on his reputation. More plausibly an error was the ascription to Dickens of “Some Passages in the Life of Francis Loose-fish, Esq.,” published with the “Tuggs's at Ramsgate” and other tales by Carey, Lea, and Blanchard in 1837. In reality, “Francis Loosefish” was the first of several sketches about that character by Charles Whitehead, and appeared in the second number of the Library of Fiction* which he edited, and to the first and third numbers of which Dickens contributed. If Carey, Lea, and Blanchard knew only that “Francis Loosefish” was by an unidentified editor, their error in ascribing it to Dickens is conceivable, as the characters' names and the style of many passages are distinctly Dickensian. Whitehead and Dickens were closely associated at this time; the styles of their sketches bear a marked resemblance; and the possibility of their indebtedness to each other has not been adequately considered.
How Great was Shakespeare's Debt to Montaigne?
Authors: Harmon Alice
Published: November 2006

Edward Capell in his Notes and Various Readings (1781) pointed out a parallel between Montaigne's essay “Of the Caniballes” (Florio's translation) and The Tempest, II, 1, 148, ff., where Shakespeare follows the wording of Florio so closely that his indebtedness is unmistakable. Since this discovery various attempts have been made to prove further the influence of Montaigne upon Shakespeare. In 1871, G. F. Stedefeld published the first extended study of the relationship between the two writers, and from that time on there have appeared from time to time books and articles on the subject, some of which make extravagant assertions in regard to the extent of Montaigne's influence upon the dramatist. For example, J. M. Robertson in Montaigne and Shakespeare (1897), after gathering numerous parallels from the Essays and from Shakespeare, made the sweeping claim that much of the growth of Shakespeare's mind was due to the influence of Montaigne. G. C. Taylor in Shakespeare's Debt to Montaigne (1925) makes almost as large claims as this. He “proposes to demonstrate” by means of parallel passages “that Shakespeare was beyond any doubt, profoundly and extensively influenced by Montaigne; definitely influenced in regard to vocabulary, phrases, short and long passages, and, after a fashion, influenced also in thought.” In an article published shortly after Robertson's book appeared, Miss Elizabeth Hooker, after citing numerous parallels, comes to the more guarded conclusion that Shakespeare used the Essays as a store-house of material only. Conservative students of the literature of the Renaissance have questioned the soundness of assigning definite sources, especially for material of common knowledge, on the basis of parallel passages. A. Brandl, in his review of Robertson's Montaigne and Shakespeare, warns against assigning to Montaigne sources which were common to both writers, such as Plutarch, and C. R. Baskervill, in his review of Taylor's Shakespeare's Debt to Montaigne, states the same objection, and says that most of the parallels cited by Taylor may be due to a common inheritance of Renaissance thought shared by the two writers. Pierre Villey believes the passage in The Tempest is the only instance of Shakespeare's borrowing from Montaigne. After reading the exhaustive parallels cited by Robertson and others, he concludes that “cent zéros additionnés ensemble ne font toujours que zéro.” Yet, in spite of the skepticism of the more conservative scholars, parallels are still cited to prove a direct relation between the two writers. Miss Suzanne Türck has brought together numerous passages which she believes show unmistakable influence of the Essais on Hamlet. J. Dover Wilson cites Montaigne frequently in his notes to his recent edition of Hamlet. And Joseph E. Baker, in his essay “The Philosophy of Hamlet,” says that in Hamlet “direct echoing [of Montaigne] seems very probable.”
The Evolution of The Taming of the Shrew
Authors: Houk Raymond A.
Published: November 2006

Most Shakespeare scholars have believed that an earlier form of The Taming of the Shrew once existed, whether it was The Taming of a Shrew or some other version. There are scholars also who hold that an earlier form of The Taming of a Shrew must be postulated. Some have suggested a theory of a common source.
The Dynamic Image in Metaphysical Poetry
Authors: Brandenburg Alice Stayert
Published: November 2006

So many brilliant critics and scholars have interpreted the metaphysical image that one hesitates to push the analysis farther, but analysis and theory are justified if they throw new light on a subject or show a possible relationship between things that had previously seemed independent. The question is not whether metaphysical poetry can be analyzed more fully, but whether one simple, underlying peculiarity can be found to explain some of the characteristics of this type of verse and to show that these disiecta membra are of a piece. The underlying quality that appears to connect many of the seemingly unrelated features of metaphysical poetry might be called the dynamic image.
Voltaire and Montesquieu's Three Principles of Government
Authors: Price E. H.
Published: November 2006

Voltaire criticizes the famous motivating principles of the three forms of government more vigorously than any other theory in the Esprit des lois. In general his criticisms of that great work have been too often discounted because of his known hostility to Montesquieu. The aim of this study is to account for his attitude toward the motivating principles as they are set forth in the Esprit des lois. Here the facts reveal that his criticisms are sincere and in keeping with his own established opinions. They show the impatience of a mind thinking in relativist and human terms with the generalizations of legal theory.
Goethe and Ibsen's Button-Moulder
Authors: Zucker A. E.
Published: November 2006

Henrik Ibsen in his Peer Gynt has created a minor figure of absorbing interest—the Button-moulder—who enbodies the poet's ideas regarding immortality. He appears grim and macabre as, with his huge ladle, he comes to fetch Peer's soul, yet there is a sort of Mephistophelian humor in his tone:
The Button-moulderYour grave is dug ready, your coffin bespoke.The worms in your body will live at their ease;But I have orders, without delay,On Master's behalf to fetch in your soul!PeerIt can't be! Like this, without any warning—!The Button-moulderIt's an old tradition at burials and birthsTo appoint in secret the day of the feast,With no warning at all to the guest of honor.
A Tudor Defense of Richard III
Authors: Zeeveld W. Gordon
Published: November 2006

In 1684 William Winstanley summarized the Tudor reputation of Richard III:

But as Honour is always attended on by Envy, so hath this worthy Princes fame been blasted by malicious traducers, who like Shakespear in his Play of him, render him dreadfully black in his actions, a monster of nature, rather then a man of admirable parts; whose slanders having been examined by wise and moderate men, they have onely found malice and ignorance to have been his greatest accusers, persons who can onely lay suspition to his charge; and suspition in Law is no more guilt than imagination.
Dieu et ses noms
Authors: Spitzer Leo
Published: November 2006

Charlemagne a ramené jusqu'à Saint Romain de Blaye les corps de Roland, d'Olivier, de Turpin. “Les Français,” dit M. Joseph Bédier traduisant le v. 3694 du Roland, “les remettent à Dieu et à ses Noms.” M. Wilmotte (Archivum Romanicum,xv, 155–156) trouve cette explication peu probable et en propose une nouvelle: il s'agirait des nuns (= nonnus ‘haute fonction ecclésiastique’) du monastère d'hommes de St. Romain à Blaye et il s'agirait d'un parallèle à l'enterrement d'Aude au mustier des nunains (v. 3730). Et M. Wilmotte de s'exclamer, triomphant sur ses devanciers, y compris le dernier éditeur, M. Bertoni: “Voilà la clef du mystère!”
Nine Letters from Émile Zola to Frans Netscher
Authors: Zola Emile , Niess Robert J.
Published: November 2006

Few periods have been more important in the history of Dutch art and letters than the decade between 1880 and 1890. Those years saw the rise of the painters of the “Hague school”—Josef Israëls, Blommers, the Maris brothers—and a reorientation of Dutch art toward the realism of the masters of the seventeenth century. A literary renaissance of some importance accompanied this artistic revolution. Dutch authors turned more and more from the insipid idealism of earlier days toward a new realism, strongly reminiscent of that prevailing in France. Balzac, Flaubert, Maupassant, the Goncourt brothers, Zola—these were the idols of the new school. The naturalistic doctrines of Zola carried an especial appeal to the young critics and novelists, and a small but vocal group of imitators carried his banner in Holland during the years 1880–90.
The “Other Landscape” of Alain-Fournier
Authors: March Harold M.
Published: November 2006

William James, in his Varieties of Religious Experience, makes the following statement:

Lyric poetry and music are alive and significant only in proportion as they fetch these vague vistas of a life continuous with our own, beckoning and inviting, yet ever eluding our pursuit. We are alive or dead to the eternal inner message of the arts according as we have kept or lost this mystical susceptibility.
François Hotman and Marlowe's The Massacre at Paris
Authors: Kocher Paul H.
Published: November 2006

Because of its feeble quality and bad text, relatively few students have cared to give much attention to Marlowe's drama of contemporary France, The Massacre at Paris. But it has never been a principle of criticism that the amount to be learned about an author is always in proportion to the literary excellence of the work under study. Investigation reveals that there is at least one definite source for this play not hitherto clearly recognized as such, and that, once this fact is established, observations upon Marlowe's craftsmanship may be made, scarcely less interesting than those which proceed from similar studies of his greater plays.
Molière's Theater in 1672–1673: Light from le Registre d'Hubert
Authors: Schwartz William Leonard
Published: November 2006

Le Registre d'Hubert is the only known document concerning Molière and his theater which has not yet been the subject of the most careful study. It is the book of accounts kept by the treasurer of the Palais Royal theater for 1672–73, preserved in the archives of the Comédie-Française since its foundation. I have been able to make a leisurely examination of this Registre, and I am presenting in this place all the items found in Hubert's records that are of interest to the historian of the French stage.
The Minstrels at the Court of Edward III
Authors: Olson Clair C.
Published: November 2006

Although by the fourteenth century, minstrelsy had passed the time of its greatest glory, which had been the period of the troubadours, the courts of kings and nobles were still the centers of activity for the better class of musicians and entertainers. While the lower orders of the profession roamed the highways, picking up a living wherever and however they could, their more skilful brethren were usually attached to the households of the wealthy and powerful, where they not only received superior compensation, but frequently were able to practise their art on a higher plane than could the wanderers of the road. This was often due as much to their superior ability as to the more cultivated taste of their audiences. Edward III of England, as one of the greatest monarchs of the fourteenth century, and perhaps partly because of the influence of Queen Philippa, maintained a group of minstrels appropriate to the splendor of his court. Though we have no complete record of the personnel of his band of musicians during the half century of his reign, some facts as to their number, names, compensation, and activities have survived which enable us to visualize certain aspects of their life and work.
The Physiological Conception of Love in the Elizabethan and Early Stuart
Drama
Authors: Babb Lawrence
Published: November 2006

Emotion, according to scientific writers of the Renaissance, is a
physiological as well as a psychological phenomenon. A passion provokes
muscular activity in the heart and movements of humors to or from the heart.
It is accompanied, moreover, by intensification of two of the four primary
physical qualities: heat, cold, moisture, and dryness. Heat and dryness, for
instance, are concomitants of anger; an angry man is a hot, dry man. A
sorrowful or fearful man is a cold, dry man. A desirous, hopeful, or joyful
man is a hot, moist man. Since choler is a hot, dry humor, men of choleric
complexion, or temperament, are physically predisposed to anger, and anger
is the passion most characteristic of them. Since melancholy is a cold, dry
humor, melancholy men are naturally prone to fear and sorrow. Since blood is
hot and moist, sanguine persons are naturally inclined to desire, hope, and
joy. Phlegmatic men are relatively passionless, for phlegm is cold and moist
and there are no cold and moist passions.
The Vogue of Decadent French Tragedies in Spain—1762–1800
Authors: Qualia Charles B.
Published: November 2006

Investigation has revealed that a number of the minor writers, the decadent writers of neoclassic French tragedies, contributed a comparatively large number of dramas which were accorded wide and enthusiastic acceptance in Spain during the second half of the eighteenth century. The chief reasons for this wide acceptance are that they came at a time when the greatest efforts were being made to introduce the neo-classic tragedy into Spain, and that these same tragedies had been first accepted with applause in Paris. If Crébillon's Rhadamiste et Zénobie seemed so good to Paris audiences that they applauded it thirty-three times during the first year of its appearance, why should Spaniards not feel safe in adapting it to their stage? Paris had been forming a taste for neo-classic tragedy during a period of two hundred years; it was the home of modern tragedy, and what Paris applauded, certainly Madrid could accept with assurance.
Swinburne: Changes of Aspect and Short Notes
Authors: Swinburne Algernon Charles , Hyder Clyde Kenneth
Published: November 2006

Two manuscripts in the Huntington Library—Changes of Aspect and Short Notes, written by Algernon Charles Swinburne—cast light on their author's relations with his contemporaries. One of them shows his sensitiveness to charges of inconsistency; both illustrate the power of his invective.
Dramatic Theories in the Prologues to the Commedie Erudite of the Sixteenth Century
Authors: Goggio Emilio
Published: November 2006

Many Italian dramatists of the sixteenth century were thoroughly convinced that ancient playwrights had attained the highest degree of excellence and felt, therefore, that the only thing remaining to do was to imitate their works and endeavor to come as near as possible to their perfection. Others, notwithstanding their equally sincere and profound admiration for the classics, either suggested or introduced into their plays certain innovations which they deemed necessary in the light of the new social order. When doing so, however, they sometimes used a great deal of caution and prudence, so as not to be too severely criticized by those who would not tolerate any departure from classical traditions.
Thomas More, Grammarian and Orator
Authors: Nelson William
Published: November 2006

Despite the intensive study of Thomas More during the last decade, a study stimulated by his canonization, by the fourth centenary of his martyrdom, and by the enthusiastic and scholarly work of A. W. Reed, R. W. Chambers, and other writers, there remain significant aspects of his life that have received comparatively little attention. In a stimulating paper published eight years ago, Marie Delcourt demonstrated that the “English” tradition of More biography, the tradition created by More's kinsfolk and devoted followers, represented a conscious attempt to emphasize his saintly qualities and those of his works which supported his claim to canonization. For this reason, these biographers gave little weight to More's humanist activities, his secular Latin writings, and his association with Erasmus, a dubious character from the point of view of the Counter-reformation. Aside from questions of bias, moreover, the period about which the “English” biographical tradition is least informative is that during which More was most interested in the humanities, since Roper, the primary source of the school of hagiographers, became More's son-in-law only after More had left academic study for the business of the royal court. The distortion created either by the ignorance or by the prejudice of More's early biographers, says Delcourt, has been repaired only partly by modern scholarship, and Chambers' account of Thomas More, though by far the best of recent studies, is nevertheless of the pattern laid down by Rastell, Roper, Harpsfield, and their followers. In the following pages, therefore, I have set down a few bits of information, some little known, others quite overlooked, which, in connection with the established circumstances of More's life, serve to emphasize the typically humanist character of his early career.
Montesquieu's Story of the Troglodytes: Its Background, Meaning, and Significance
Authors: Crisafulli Alessandro S.
Published: November 2006

The story of the Troglodytes in “Letters 11—14” of Montesquieu's Lettres Persanes is an allegory which deals with the problem of man's nature and its bearing on the origin and development of morality and society. The problem emerges from Montesquieu's treatment of the question whether society resulted from the natural benevolence, justice, and social instincts of man, or whether, on the contrary, it was the result of a compact of men devoid of a natural sense of justice. Montesquieu shows that the basis of the social instinct is natural equity; but his demonstration involves also—explicitly or implicitly—questions concerning man's state of nature, his primitive goodness, his knowledge of moral distinctions and obligations, his capability to act in a disinterested manner, the nature of virtue, and the relation of morality and religion.
Biological Aging and Mental Illness—A Vicious Cycle?
Authors: Zannas Anthony S.
Published: March 2024

This Viewpoint discusses biological aging and mental illness.
Psychometric properties of the Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire‐short form among law enforcement officers
Authors: Christopher Michael , Ferry Marissa , Simmons Akeesha , Vasquez Alicia , Reynolds Brooke , Grupe Daniel
Published: March 2024

Repeatedly capturing national headlines, excessive law enforcement officer (LEO) use of force in critical incident encounters is one of the most divisive human rights issues in the United States. Valid and reliable measures of potential precursors to LEO excessive use of force, such as aggression, are needed. The Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire‐short form (BPAQ‐SF) is a validated measure of aggression across various populations; however, evaluation of this easily administered measure in high‐stress, frontline populations such as LEOs is limited. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the validity, reliability, and sensitivity to change the BPAQ‐SF in a sample of LEOs. A confirmatory factor analysis suggested that the hierarchical solution provides a mixed fit to the data: SBχ²(25.84) = 62.50, p = .0001; comparative fit index = .94, non‐normed fit index = .92, root mean square error of approximation = .19 (90% confidence interval = .17–.21), standardized root mean squared residual = .08. The BPAQ‐SF demonstrated good internal consistency (α = .84) and test–retest reliability (r = .86), correlations in the expected direction with predictors of and buffers against aggression, and sensitivity to change among LEOs who participated in an intervention targeting aggression. Results support and extend previous findings suggesting that the BPAQ‐SF is a valid and reliable measure of aggression among LEOs.
Coccidioides Serologic Screening Practices in Individuals With Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Wilson Debbie L. , Kollampare Shubha , Kwoh C. Kent , Zhou Lili , Ashbeck Erin L. , Sudano Dominick , Lupi Maria , Miller Andrew , Smith Kristy , Lo‐Ciganic Wei‐Hsuan
Published: March 2024

Objective

We aimed to estimate Coccidioides serologic screening rates before initiation of biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs including tofacitinib (b/tsDMARDs), conventional synthetic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs), and/or noninhaled corticosteroids.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study used 2011 to 2016 US Medicare claims data and included beneficiaries with rheumatic or autoimmune disease residing in regions within Arizona, California, and Texas endemic for Coccidioides spp. with ≥1 prescription for a b/tsDMARD, csDMARD, and/or noninhaled corticosteroid. We estimated prior‐year serologic screening incidence before initiating b/tsDMARDs, csDMARD, and/or noninhaled corticosteroid.

Results

During 2012 to 2016, 4,331 beneficiaries filled 64,049 prescriptions for b/tsDMARDs, csDMARDs, and noninhaled corticosteroids. Arizona's estimated screening rate was 20.1% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 14.5–25.7) in the year before prescription initiation for b/tsDMARDs, 8.1% (95% CI 6.5–9.7) before csDMARDs, and 6.9% (95% CI: 5.6–8.2) before corticosteroids. Screening rates for b/tsDMARDs (2.8%, 95% CI 0.0–6.7), csDMARDs (1.0%, 95% CI 0.0–2.0), and corticosteroids (0.8%, 95% CI: 0.4–1.1) were negligible in California and undetected in Texas. Adjusted screening rate before prescription for b/tsDMARDs in Arizona increased from 14.5% (95% CI 7.5–21.5) in 2012 to 26.7% (95% CI 17.6–35.8) in 2016. Rheumatologists prescribing b/tsDMARDs in Arizona screened more than other providers (20.9% [95% CI 13.9–27.9] vs 12.9% [95% CI 5.9–20.0]).

Conclusion

Coccidioides serologic screening rates among Medicare beneficiaries with rheumatic/autoimmune diseases on b/tsDMARDs, csDMARDs, and noninhaled corticosteroids was low in Coccidioides spp.–US endemic regions between 2012 and 2016. Alignment of screening recommendations and clinical practice is needed.
3D Bioprinting Highly Elastic PEG‐PCL‐DA Hydrogel for Soft Tissue Fabrication and Biomechanical Stimulation
Authors: Lee Wenhan , Xu Cancan , Fu Huikang , Ploch Michael , D'Souza Sean , Lustig Steve , Long Xiaochun , Hong Yi , Dai Guohao
Published: March 2024

3D bioprinting is a promising technology to fabricate custom geometries for tissue engineering. However, most bioprintable hydrogels are weak and fragile, difficult to handle, and cannot mimic the mechanical behaviors of the native soft elastic tissues. A visible light crosslinked, single‐network, elastic, and biocompatible hydrogel system based on an acrylate triblock copolymer of poly(ethylene glycol) PEG and polycaprolactone (PCL) (PEG‐PCL‐DA) is developed. To enable its application in the bioprinting of soft tissues, the hydrogel system is modified on its printability and biodegradability. Furthermore, it is hypothesized that this elastic material can better transmit pulsatile forces to cells, leading to enhanced cellular response under mechanical stimulation. This central hypothesis is tested using vascular conduits with smooth muscle cells (SMCs) cultured under pulsatile forces in a custom‐made bioreactor. The results show that vascular conduits made of PEG‐PCL‐DA hydrogel faithfully recapitulate the rapid stretch and recoil under the pulsatile pressure from 1 to 3 Hz frequency, which induces a contractile SMC phenotype, consistently upregulating the core contractile transcription factors. In summary, this work demonstrates the potential of elastic hydrogel for 3D bioprinting of soft tissues by fine‐tuning the printability, and biodegradability, while possessing robust elastic properties suitable for manual handling and biomechanical stimulation.
3D Bioprinted Human Skin Model Recapitulating Native‐Like Tissue Maturation and Immunocompetence as an Advanced Platform for Skin Sensitization Assessment
Authors: Bhar Bibrita , Das Eshani , Manikumar Kodieswaran , Mandal Biman B.
Published: March 2024

Physiologically‐relevant in vitro skin models hold the utmost importance for efficacy assessments of pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical formulations, offering valuable alternatives to animal testing. Here, an advanced immunocompetent 3D bioprinted human skin model is presented to assess skin sensitization. Initially, a photopolymerizable bioink is formulated using silk fibroin methacrylate, gelatin methacrylate, and photoactivated human platelet releasate. The developed bioink shows desirable physicochemical and rheological attributes for microextrusion bioprinting. The tunable physical and mechanical properties of bioink are modulated through variable photocuring time for optimization. Thereafter, the bioink is utilized to 3D bioprint “sandwich type” skin construct where an artificial basement membrane supports a biomimetic epidermal layer on one side and a printed pre‐vascularized dermal layer on the other side within a transwell system. The printed construct is further cultured in the air–liquid interface for maturation. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated a differentiated keratinocyte layer and dermal extracellular matrix (ECM)‐remodeling by fibroblasts and endothelial cells. The biochemical estimations and gene‐expression analysis validate the maturation of the printed model. The incorporation of macrophages further enhances the physiological relevance of the model. This model effectively classifies skin irritative and non‐irritative substances, thus establishing itself as a suitable pre‐clinical screening platform for sensitization tests.
Engineering Quantum Light Sources with Flat Optics
Authors: Ma Jinyong , Zhang Jihua , Horder Jake , Sukhorukov Andrey A. , Toth Milos , Neshev Dragomir N. , Aharonovich Igor
Published: March 2024

Quantum light sources are essential building blocks for many quantum technologies, enabling secure communication, powerful computing, and precise sensing and imaging. Recent advancements have witnessed a significant shift toward the utilization of “flat” optics with thickness at subwavelength scales for the development of quantum light sources. This approach offers notable advantages over conventional bulky counterparts, including compactness, scalability, and improved efficiency, along with added functionalities. This review focuses on the recent advances in leveraging flat optics to generate quantum light sources. Specifically, the generation of entangled photon pairs through spontaneous parametric down‐conversion in nonlinear metasurfaces, and single photon emission from quantum emitters including quantum dots and color centers in 3D and 2D materials are explored. The review covers theoretical principles, fabrication techniques, and properties of these sources, with particular emphasis on the enhanced generation and engineering of quantum light sources using optical resonances supported by nanostructures. The diverse application range of these sources is discussed and the current challenges and perspectives in the field are highlighted.
Facile Fabrication of FePO4–V2O5–Graphene Oxide Recovered From Spent LiFePO4 Batteries as High‐Performance Cathode for Lithium/Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xiao Fuyu , Lai Wenbin , Zeng Shihan , He Lingjun , Ge Mingyang , Luo Fenqiang , Xiong Peixun , Lin Hui , Lin Chuyuan , Luo Yongjin , Zhang Jixiang , Qian Qingrong , Chen Qinghua , Zeng Lingxing
Published: March 2024

The resource scarcity and pollution leakage risk caused by discarding the spent power lithium‐ion batteries has aroused growing concern. Recovering and regenerating the cathode material from spent power lithium‐ion batteries in an easy and environmentally friendly manner remains a significant challenge and an area of focus in battery research. Hence, a green and convenient method to recover FePO4 from spent LiFePO4 cathode powder by using Na2S2O8 as an oxidizer and as cathode materials for lithium/sodium‐ion batteries (LIBs/SIBs) is reported. Benefiting from the remarkable graphene oxide (GO) and vanadium oxide (V2O5) coating, the regenerated FePO4–V2O5–graphene oxide (FePO4–V2O5–GO) is suitable for Li/Na storage (153 mAh g−1 at 0.2C/118 mAh g−1 at 0.5C). The high capacity retention, that stable for 300 cycles in LIBs and 300 cycles for SIBs, is also realized due to the stable structure. This work provides a green strategy for regenerating the cathode of spent lithium‐ion batteries and designing cathodes of alkali metal ion batteries.
Magnetic Supramolecular Spherical Arrays: Direct Formation of Micellar Cubic Mesophase by Lanthanide Metallomesogens with 7‐Coordination Geometry
Authors: Komiyama Nao , Ohkubo Takahiro , Maeda Yoshiki , Saeki Yuya , Ichikuni Nobuyuki , Masu Hyuma , Kanoh Hirofumi , Ohara Koji , Takahashi Ryunosuke , Wadati Hiroki , Takagi Hideaki , Miwa Yohei , Kutsumizu Shoichi , Kishikawa Keiki , Kohri Michinari
Published: March 2024

Here, an unprecedented phenomenon in which 7‐coordinate lanthanide metallomesogens, which align via hydrogen bonds mediated by coordinated H2O molecules, form micellar cubic mesophases at room temperature, creating body‐centered cubic (BCC)‐type supramolecular spherical arrays, is reported. The results of experiments and molecular dynamics simulations reveal that spherical assemblies of three complexes surrounded by an amorphous alkyl domain spontaneously align in an energetically stable orientation to form the BCC structure. This phenomenon differs greatly from the conventional self‐assembling behavior of 6‐coordinated metallomesogens, which form columnar assemblies due to strong intermolecular interactions. Since the magnetic and luminescent properties of different lanthanides vary, adding arbitrary functions to spherical arrays is possible by selecting suitable lanthanides to be used. The method developed in this study using 7‐coordinate lanthanide metallomesogens as building blocks is expected to lead to the rational development of micellar cubic mesophases.
Nanoparticles Synergize Ferroptosis and Cuproptosis to Potentiate Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Li Youyou , Liu Jing , Chen Yimei , Weichselbaum Ralph R. , Lin Wenbin
Published: March 2024

The recent discovery of copper‐mediated and mitochondrion‐dependent cuproptosis has aroused strong interest in harnessing this novel mechanism of cell death for cancer therapy. Here the design of a core‐shell nanoparticle, CuP/Er, for the co‐delivery of copper (Cu) and erastin (Er) to cancer cells for synergistic cuproptosis and ferroptosis is reported. The anti‐Warburg effect of Er sensitizes tumor cells to Cu‐mediated cuproptosis, leading to irreparable mitochondrial damage by depleting glutathione and enhancing lipid peroxidation. CuP/Er induces strong immunogenic cell death, enhances antigen presentation, and upregulates programmed death‐ligand 1 expression. Consequently, CuP/Er promotes proliferation and infiltration of T cells, and when combined with immune checkpoint blockade, effectively reinvigorates T cells to mediate the regression of murine colon adenocarcinoma and triple‐negative breast cancer and prevent tumor metastasis. This study suggests a unique opportunity to synergize cuproptosis and ferroptosis with combination therapy nanoparticles to elicit strong antitumor effects and potentiate current cancer immunotherapies.
The impact of access to agricultural advisory services on input use and farm performance: Evidence from Senegal
Authors: Ricome Aymeric , Faye Amy , Fall Cheickh S. , Gomez‐y‐Paloma Sergio
Published: March 2024

Performant agricultural advisory services (AAS) in Africa are crucial for improving the agricultural productivity and food security of the farm households. Yet, evidence‐based study on the impacts of AAS on farm performance are scarce, especially in West African countries. This study evaluates the impact of access to AAS on input use and farm performance in Senegal, employing the instrumental variable and control function approaches accounting for selection bias. The approaches are also employed to several sub‐samples to see if the impacts are heterogeneous across crop types and fertilizer use, and matching techniques are applied to test the robustness of the results. Results show that the highest positive impact of AAS is on yield, while the impacts on gross margin and improved seeds uptake are very modest. Access to AAS has no effect on fertilizer uptake. It also finds that AAS impacts positively cereal production and farmers using no fertilizer but has no effect on the legume and horticultural crop production and on farmers using fertilizer. Given the Senegalese government and donors have put a lot of effort into developing an efficient AAS system, a consideration of the identified weaknesses is required to improve its efficiency.  [EconLit Citations: Q12, Q16]
Adaptively exploring the feature space of flowsheets
Authors: Höller Johannes , Bubel Martin , Heese Raoul , Ludl Patrick Otto , Schwartz Patrick , Schwientek Jan , Asprion Norbert , Wlotzka Martin , Bortz Michael
Published: March 2024

Simulation and optimization of chemical flowsheets rely on the solution of a large number of nonlinear equations. Finding such solutions can be supported by constructing machine learning‐based surrogate models, relating features and outputs by simple, explicit functions. In order to generate training data for those surrogate models computationally efficiently, schemes to adaptively sample the feature space are mandatory. In this article, we present a novel family of utility functions to favor an adaptive, Bayesian exploration of the feature space in order to identify regions that are convergent and fulfill customized inequality constraints. Moreover, points close to the Pareto‐optimal domain with respect to conflicting objectives can be identified, serving as good start values for a multicriteria optimization of the flowsheet. The benefit is illustrated by small toy‐examples as well as by industrially relevant chemical flowsheets.
Cognitive resilience/reserve: Myth or reality? A review of definitions and measurement methods
Authors: Pappalettera Chiara , Carrarini Claudia , Miraglia Francesca , Vecchio Fabrizio , Rossini Paolo M.
Published: March 2024

INTRODUCTION

This review examines the concept of cognitive reserve (CR) in relation to brain aging, particularly in the context of dementia and its early stages. CR refers to an individual's ability to maintain or regain cognitive function despite brain aging, damage, or disease. Various factors, including education, occupation complexity, leisure activities, and genetics are believed to influence CR.

METHODS

We revised the literature in the context of CR. A total of 842 articles were identified, then we rigorously assessed the relevance of articles based on titles and abstracts, employing a systematic approach to eliminate studies that did not align with our research objectives.

RESULTS

We evaluate—also in a critical way—the methods commonly used to define and measure CR, including sociobehavioral proxies, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological and genetic measures. The challenges and limitations of these measures are discussed, emphasizing the need for more targeted research to improve the understanding, definition, and measurement of CR.

CONCLUSIONS

The review underscores the significance of comprehending CR in the context of both normal and pathological brain aging and emphasizes the importance of further research to identify and enhance this protective factor for cognitive preservation in both healthy and neurologically impaired older individuals.

Highlights

This review examines the concept of cognitive reserve in brain aging, in the context of dementia and its early stages.

We have evaluated the methods commonly used to define and measure cognitive reserve.

Sociobehavioral proxies, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological and genetic measures are discussed.

The review emphasizes the importance of further research to identify and enhance this protective factor for cognitive preservation.
APOE ε4 is associated with decreased synaptic density in cognitively impaired participants
Authors: He Kun , Li Binyin , Wang Jie , Wang Ying , You Zhiwen , Chen Xing , Chen Haijuan , Li Junpeng , Huang Qi , Guo Qihao , Huang Yiyun Henry , Guan Yihui , Chen Kewei , Zhao Jun , Deng Yulei , Xie Fang
Published: March 2024

INTRODUCTION

We aimed to investigate the effect of apolipoprotein E4 (APOE) ε4 on synaptic density in cognitively impaired (CI) participants.

METHODS

One hundred ten CI participants underwent amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F‐florbetapir and synaptic density PET with 18F‐SynVesT‐1. We evaluated the influence of APOE ε4 allele on synaptic density and investigated the effects of ε4 genotype on the associations of synaptic density with Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers. The mediation effects of AD biomarkers on ε4‐associated synaptic density loss were analyzed.

RESULTS

Compared with non‐carriers, APOE ε4 allele carriers exhibited significant synaptic loss in the medial temporal lobe. Amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau pathology mediated the effects of APOE ε4 on synaptic density to different extents. The associations between synaptic density and tau pathology were regulated by the APOE ε4 genotype.

DISCUSSION

The APOE ε4 allele was associated with decreased synaptic density in CI individuals and may be driven by AD biomarkers.
Heterodyne‐Detektierte Summenfrequenzerzeugungs‐Vibrationsspektroskopie Enthüllt die Molekulare Struktur des Wassers an der Suspendierten Graphen/Wasser‐Grenzfläche
Authors: Wang Yongkang , Tang Fujie , Yu Xiaoqing , Ohto Tatsuhiko , Nagata Yuki , Bonn Mischa
Published: March 2024

Graphen, ein transparentes, zweidimensionales, leitfähiges Material, hat verschiedenen wässrigen technologischen Systemen, wie Entsalzungsmembranen, chemischen Sensoren, Energiespeichern und Energieumwandlungsgeräten, neue Perspektiven eröffnet. Informationen auf molekularer Ebene von Graphen im Kontakt mit wässrigen Elektrolyten, wie z. B. Wasserorientierung und die Struktur von Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen, sind jedoch nach wie vor schwer fassbar oder umstritten. Hier setzen wir oberflächenspezifische heterodyne detektierte Summenfrequenzspektroskopie (HD‐SFG) ein, um die molekulare Wasserstruktur an einer frei schwebenden Graphen/Wasser‐Grenzfläche zu untersuchen.Wir vergleichen die Antwort des Luft/Graphen/Wasser Systems mit der der Luft/Wasser‐Grenzfläche. Unsere Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass das
‐Spektrum, des Luft/Graphen/Wasser‐Systems von den obersten 1–2 Wasserschichten in Kontakt mit Graphen herrührt, wobei das Graphen selbst keine signifikantes SFG‐Signal erzeugt. Im Vergleich zum Signal an der Luft/Wassergrenzfläche beeinflusst das Vorhandensein von Monolagen‐Graphen Wasser an der Grenzfläche nur schwach. Graphen wirkt sich schwach auf die hängende O−H‐Gruppe aus, indem es ihre Frequenz durch die Wechselwirkung mit der Graphenschicht senkt, und hat eine geringe Wirkung auf die Wasserstoffbrücken‐gebundene O−H‐Gruppe. Molekulardynamiksimulationen bestätigen unsere experimentellen Beobachtungen. Unsere Arbeit bietet einen molekularen Einblick in die Grenzflächenstruktur an einer suspendierten Graphen/Wasser‐Grenzfläche, die für verschiedene technologische Anwendungen von Graphen relevant ist.
Biodegradable flexible conductive film based on sliver nanowires and PLA electrospun fibers
Authors: Peng Wei , Wang Liting , Zhang Mingyu , Yu Deng‐Guang , Li Xiaoyan
Published: March 2024

Biodegradable conductive films are crucial for the sustainable development of wearable electronics. In this work, a flexible and degradable conductive film was prepared based on a carefully designed interface of polylactic acid (PLA) electrospun fibers and silver nanowires (AgNWs). The amphiphilic triblock copolymer was added to PLA solution for electrospinning, followed by solvent posttreatment to induce the hydrophilic block of the amphiphilic triblock copolymer to migrate to the fiber surface. Dopamine can be uniformly polymerized on the surface of hydrophilic PLA fibers, and the prepared PLA@PDA fiber film can form a good interface combination with AgNWs. The electrical conductivity of AgNWs/PLA@PDA flexible film can reach 258.5 S cm−1, showing obvious Joule heating effect and good mechanical properties. Degradation experiments showed that in phosphate buffered saline, the PLA molecular chain showed a dynamic equilibrium due to the scission and rearrangement of the ester groups and degraded slowly, while AgNWs/PLA@PDA degraded rapidly under alkaline conditions. Our study provides a simple and controllable method to prepare flexible degradable electronic films, which is expected to be applied to flexible wearable bioelectrodes.
To preprint or not to preprint: A global researcher survey
Authors: Ni Rong , Waltman Ludo
Published: March 2024

Open science is receiving widespread attention globally, and preprinting offers an important way to implement open science practices in scholarly publishing. To develop a systematic understanding of researchers' adoption of and attitudes toward preprinting, we conducted a survey of authors of research papers published in 2021 and early 2022. Our survey results show that the United States and Europe led the way in the adoption of preprinting. The United States and European respondents reported a higher familiarity with and a stronger commitment to preprinting than their colleagues elsewhere in the world. The adoption of preprinting is much stronger in physics and astronomy as well as mathematics and computer science than in other research areas. Respondents identified free accessibility of preprints and acceleration of research communication as the most important benefits of preprinting. Low reliability and credibility of preprints, sharing results before peer review and premature media coverage are the most significant concerns about preprinting, emphasized in particular by respondents in the life and health sciences. According to respondents, the most crucial strategies to encourage preprinting are integrating preprinting into journal submission workflows and providing recognition for posting preprints.
Combining directed evolution with high cell permeability for high‐level cadaverine production in engineered Escherichia coli
Authors: Liu Xuemei , Luo Ruoshi , Wang Dan , Xiao Kaixing , Lin Fanzhen , Kang Ya Qi , Xia Xue , Zhou Xiaojie , Hu Ge
Published: March 2024

The biosynthesis of cadaverine from lysine is an environmentally promising technology, that could contribute to a more sustainable approach to manufacturing bio‐nylon 5X. However, the titer of biosynthesized cadaverine has still not reached a sufficient level for industrial production. A powerful green cell factory was developed to enhance cadaverine production by regulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) genes and improving membrane permeability. Firstly, 10 LPS mutant strains were constructed and the effect on the growth was investigated. Then, the lysine decarboxylase (CadA) was overexpressed in 10 LPS mutant strains of Escherichia coli MG1655 and the ability to produce cadaverine was compared. Using 20.0 g L−1 of L‐lysine hydrochloride (L‐lysine‐HCl) as the substrate for the biotransformation reaction, Cad02 and Cad06 strains exhibited high production levels of cadaverine, with 8.95 g L−1 and 7.55 g L−1 respectively while the control strain Cad00 only 4.92 g L−1. Directed evolution of CadA was also used to improve its stability under alkaline conditions. The cadaverine production of the Cad02‐M mutant stain increased by 1.86 times at pH 8.0. Finally, the production process was scaled up using recombinant whole cells as catalysts, achieving a high titer of 211 g L−1 cadaverine (96.8%) by fed‐batch bioconversion. This study demonstrates the potential role of LPS in enhancing the efficiency of mass transfer between substrate and enzymes in vivo by increasing cell permeability. The results indicate that the argumentation of cell permeability could not only significantly enhance the biotransformation efficiency of cadaverine, but also provide a universally applicable, straightforward, environment‐friendly, and cost‐effective method for the biosynthesis of other high‐value chemicals.