bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Characterization, and Dielectric Behaviors of 4-Diethanolaminomethyl Styrene and Benzyl Methacrylate Copolymer and Its Metal Complexes
Authors: Acikses Aslisah , Öksüz Fethiye
Published: April 2019

In this paper, the copolymer of 4-diethanolaminomethyl styrene (DEAMSt) with benzyl methacrylate (BMA) was synthesized and characterized using various spectral techniques such as FT-IR, 1H-NMR, elemental analysis, SEM, XRD, TGA, DTA, and DSC. The copolymer-metal complexes were prepared with Co(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II) metal ions, and poly(DEAMSt-co-BMA) was used as ligand. The copolymer-metal complexes were characterized using elemental analysis. FT-IR, SEM, XRD, magnetic measurements, and the thermal behaviors of the copolymer-metal complexes were studied using TGA, DTA, and DSC. The compositions of DEAMSt and BMA in the copolymer by 1H-NMR spectra were determined as 0.49 and 0.51, respectively. Both poly(DEAMSt-co-BMA) and poly(DEAMSt-co-BMA)-Zn complexes were heated up to various temperatures. As the temperature increased, the intensities of O-H stretching bands at 3125–3429 cm−1 resulting from hydrogen bond decreased and shifted to high frequency. Gel permeation chromatography was used to determine the average molecular weights and polydispersity index of the poly(DEAMSt0.49-co-BMA) ligand. Both the molecular formula and C, H, and N % were estimated using elemental analysis, and the amounts of metal by mole (%) in the complexes were estimated by SEM-EDX measurements. The XRD patterns of ligand and metal complexes showed that they were of an amorphous nature. The synthesized metal complexes were annealed at 100°C for 1 h in order to obtain crystalline metal complexes. After annealing at 100°C, the metal complexes showed the crystalline structure. The SEM and XRD analysis of the metal complexes confirmed that metal ions contributed to the structure of the ligand. According to the magnetic measurements, it was suggested that geometrical structure for all complexes was tetrahedral geometry and the ratio of ligand to metal was found to be 2 : 1. The dielectric measurements of the ligand and its metal complexes were investigated depend on frequency.
Phage-Based Artificial Niche: The Recent Progress and Future Opportunities in Stem Cell Therapy
Authors: Shrestha Kshitiz Raj , Yoo So Young
Published: April 2019

Self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells can be the best option for treating intractable diseases in regenerative medicine, and they occur when these cells reside in a special microenvironment, called the “stem cell niche.” Thus, the niche is crucial for the effective performance of the stem cells in bothin vivoandin vitrosince the niche provides its functional cues by interacting with stem cells chemically, physically, or topologically. This review provides a perspective on the different types of artificial niches including engineered phage and how they could be used to recapitulate or manipulate stem cell niches. Phage-based artificial niche engineering as a promising therapeutic strategy for repair and regeneration of tissues is also discussed.
A History of Endoscopic Lumbar Spine Surgery: What Have We Learnt?
Authors: Mayer H. Michael
Published: April 2019

The new development and finally the general acceptance of surgical techniques among the worldwide surgical community sometimes create fascinating stories. This is also true for the history of endoscopic lumbar spine surgery. In the last 100 years there was a “natural” evolution of surgical techniques with continuous improvement and “refinement” of lumbar decompression techniques towards less invasive operations with the final “endpoint” of microsurgery. However the application of percutaneous, image-guided, and endoscopic technologies has revolutionized minimally invasive surgery. This article describes the history of endoscopic lumbar spine surgery and its major milestones and protagonists which have helped to make endoscopic lumbar spine surgery “disruptive” minimally invasive surgical technology which has changed the world of lumbar decompression surgery.
Impact of Synthetic Porous Medium Geometric Properties on Solute Transport Using Direct 3D Pore-Scale Simulations
Authors: Di Palma Paolo Roberto , Guyennon Nicolas , Parmigiani Andrea , Huber Christian , Heβe Falk , Romano Emanuele
Published: April 2019

Transport processes in porous media have been traditionally studied through the parameterization of macroscale properties, by means of volume-averaging or upscaling methods over a representative elementary volume. The possibility of upscaling results from pore-scale simulations, to obtain volume-averaging properties useful for practical purpose, can enhance the understanding of transport effects that manifest at larger scales. Several studies have been carried out to investigate the impact of the geometric properties of porous media on transport processes for solute species. However, the range of pore-scale geometric properties, which can be investigated, is usually limited to the number of samples acquired from microcomputed tomography images of real porous media. The present study takes advantage of synthetic porous medium generation to propose a systematic analysis of the relationships between geometric features of the porous media and transport processes through direct simulations of fluid flow and advection-diffusion of a non-reactive solute. Numerical simulations are performed with the lattice Boltzmann method on synthetic media generated with a geostatistically based approach. Our findings suggest that the advective transport is primarily affected by the specific surface area and the mean curvature of the porous medium, while the effective diffusion coefficient scales as the inverse of the tortuosity squared. Finally, the possibility of estimating the hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient knowing only the geometric properties of porous media and the applied pressure gradient has been tested, within the range of tested porous media, against advection-diffusion simulations at low Reynolds (<10-1) and Peclet numbers ranging from 101 to 10-2.
A Study on Removing Cloud Drift of Sky-Sea Infrared Image Based on Agent
Authors: Sun Jianming , Fan Zhipeng , Sun Zhihui , Miao Qinghua , Li Xiaoyan
Published: April 2019

According to the characteristics of cloud-drift area in an infrared sky-sea line image, we put forward a new shadow extraction method by using a layered reactive agent. The layered reactive agent includes a lower cloud search agent and higher management agent. The lower distributed layer search agent can sense local information of the image and retrieve the local cloud area in the image by locating operating point, enlarging scope, moving, marking, perishing, and so on. The higher management agent can sense the information of the whole and restrict and guide search action to the lower distributed search agent. The result of the simulation test shows the efficiency of this method is high, and this method extracts effectively and removes cloud in the infrared sky-sea image.
Dynamics Behavior of Lumps and Interaction Solutions of a (3+1)‐Dimensional Partial Differential Equation
Authors: Ren Bo
Published: April 2019

In this work, we investigate a linear partial differential equation in (3+1)‐dimensions. We construct lump solutions which localize in all directions in the (x, y, z)‐space. By combining the trigonometric, hyperbolic and exponential functions with a quadratic function, diversity interaction solutions such as interacted lumps with periodic waves and interacted lumps with multisoliton are generated. The phenomena of interaction solutions between a lump and a multisoliton and between a lump and a multikink soliton are presented by figures. The results expand understanding dynamical behavior of the (3+1)‐dimensional partial differential equations.
Disparities in Cancer Incidence among Chinese Population versus Migrants to Developed Regions: A Population-Based Comparative Study
Authors: Liu Zhenqiu , Shi Oumin , Cai Ning , Jiang Yanfeng , Zhang Kexun , Zhu Zhen , Yuan Huangbo , Fang Qiwen , Suo Chen , Franceschi Silvia , Zhang Tiejun , Chen Xingdong
Published: April 2019

Background:

The incidence of cancer was determined by genetic and environmental factors and varied across the world. The discrepancies in cancer profile among Chinese people living in different regions remained obscure.

Methods:

Chinese people living in urban Shanghai, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Macau, Singapore, and Los Angeles were included in this study. The cancer case data and population data were collected from either the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Plus database or the regional cancer registry. A rate model was applied to examine the regional differences in cancer risk with Shanghai set as the reference.

Results:

From 1983 to 2013, the cancer profiles in most regions were changed. Significant differences in cancer incidence, by sex, period, and age, were detected across regions. The most pronounced disparities were found between Shanghai people and American Chinese in Los Angeles. For cancer site, the most significant differences were detected in prostate, gastrointestinal, gynecologic, oral cavity and pharynx, and brain and central nervous system (CNS) cancers. Specifically, Shanghai was significantly higher in stomach, liver, esophageal, pancreatic, and brain and CNS cancers, while lower in colon, prostate, breast, cervical, and oral cavity and pharynx cancers compared with the other five populations.

Conclusions:

Cancer profile was distinct across Chinese populations, which shared a similar genetic background but lived in different regions. The disparities indicate that cancer development was majorly determined by environmental factors, and suggests that region-tailored cancer prevention strategies were warranted.

Impact:

The cancer patterns in populations sharing the same genetic background were significantly influenced by different living conditions.
Differential Impacts of Intravenous Iron Administration and Iron-Containing Phosphate Binders on Serum Intact Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Levels
Authors: Honda Hirokazu , Tanaka Kenji , Michihata Tetsuo , Shibagaki Keigo , Yuza Toshitaka , Hirao Keiichi , Tomosugi Naohisa , Shibata Takanori
Published: April 2019

Aims: This study assessed the impact of iron administration on serum fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels. Methods: Of 123 hemodialysis (HD) patients treated with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, 22 received once-weekly intravenous iron and 17 received daily oral iron with iron-containing phosphate binders. Intact FGF23 and biomarkers of iron metabolism were measured from blood samples drawn before each HD session, at baseline and on days 3, 5, 7, and 14. Results: Phosphate levels did not differ among the 3 groups during the 14-day period. Ferritin levels were significantly increased in both iron treatment groups compared with the non-iron treatment group, but changes in transferrin saturation levels were similar in the intravenous iron and non-iron groups. However, intact FGF23 levels were continuously higher in the intravenous iron group than those in the other groups. Conclusion: Intravenous iron administration may influence intact FGF23 levels in HD patients independently of phosphate and iron metabolism.
Significance of Content of the Reticulocyte Hemoglobin in the Management of Renal Anemia
Authors: Ogawa Chie , Tsuchiya Ken , Nitta Kosaku , Maeda Kunimi
Published: April 2019

Optimal iron level in hemodialysis patients remains a subject of debate. The reticulocyte hemoglobin content (CHr) is believed to reflect the concentration of iron required in the most recent hematopoiesis in the bone marrow. CHr is not influenced by any factors that measure direct hemoglobin (Hb) of reticulocytes and is considered a reliable indicator. The supply of iron for Hb synthesis is regulated by hepcidin-25 (Hep-25). However, CHr and Hep-25 measurements are not covered by the Japanese medical insurance system. Serum ferritin (s-ft) and transferrin saturation (TSAT) are used mainly as indicators of internal iron status. Therefore, we examined the relationships among CHr, s-ft, TSAT, and Hep-25 to determine the optimal iron level. This report presents the clinical significance of CHr, the potential use of CHr for the diagnosis of iron deficiency, and tests for optimal iron level using CHr as performed in our hospital.
Assessment of CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6 Polymorphisms in Allergic Patients with Chemical Sensitivity
Authors: D’Attis Simona , Massari Serafina , Mazzei Francesca , Maio Dominga , Vergallo Ilaria , Mauro Salvatore , Minelli Mauro , Bozzetti Maria Pia
Published: April 2019

Background: Self-reported chemical sensitivity (SCS) is characterized by adverse effects due to exposure to low levels of chemical substances. The clinical manifestations of SCS are similar to the allergy, and a high percentage of individuals with both diseases have been found. Various genes, especially genes of importance to the metabolism of xenobiotic compounds, have been associated with SCS. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether allergic individuals with chemical sensitivity differed from allergic patients without chemical sensitivity with regard to the distribution of genotype and phenotype of CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6 polymorphisms. Methods: A total of 180 patients were enrolled for this study. A questionnaire was employed to collect information on individual chemical sensitivity, while the Skin prick test and the PATCH test were used to verify the presence of an allergic condition against inhalants or contact allergens, respectively. For the evaluation of the CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6 polymorphisms, we used a strategy based on the amplification of the entire gene coupled to direct genomic DNA sequencing analysis. Results: Overall, a total of 15 different CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6 haplotypes were identified in our population. If the 5 CYP2C9 and the 2 CYP2C19 identified alleles correspond to the previously described ones, 4 of the 8 CYP2D6 haplotypes, detected in the study group, present new SNPs combinations. These new suballeles were categorized as CYP2D6*2M Sa­lento Variant 1, CYP2D6*35B Salento Variant 2, CYP2D6*41 Salento Variant 3, and CYP2D6*4P Salento Variant 4 due to the presence of the key SNPs 2,850 C>T, 31G>A, 2,988 G>A, and 1,846 G>A, respectively. When the allergic individuals are divided into 2 groups according to their SCS score, we observed that the distribution of the CYP2D6 phenotypes was significantly different between the 2 groups. Conclusions: Our idea is that the application of the questionnaire that we have adopted has enabled us to diagnose a degree of chemical sensitivity, which results as comorbid of the allergic disease and in which a condition of poor or intermediate metabolizes for the detrimental CYP2D6 alleles, could represent a discriminant between the chemical sensitivity and the health state.
Moderator Effects of Life Stress on the Association between MAOA-uVNTR, Depression, and Burnout
Authors: Plieger Thomas , Melchers Martin , Felten Andrea , Lieser Thomas , Meermann Rolf , Reuter Martin
Published: April 2019

Background: The serotonergic and noradrenergic systems have a strong impact on several affective disorders and are key targets for psychopharmacological therapy. With respect to pathogenesis, there is a growing body of evidence showing an influence of a promoter repeat polymorphism (MAOA-uVNTR) altering the expression rate of monoamine oxidase A. However, only a few studies investigate its influence on depression with only 2 of them considering the moderating effects of life stress. For burnout, there are no studies so far investigating the genetic basis. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to replicate an interaction effect of MAOA-uVNTR and life stress on depression, and extend these possible findings to the burnout syndrome. Especially, the latter one might help in understanding the underlying mechanisms of burnout and its association to depression. Method: A total of n = 1,541 participants (n = 1,099 healthy controls, n = 442 inpatients with affective disorders) provided genetic samples and filled in self-report questionnaires measuring depression, burnout, and the extent of experienced stressful life events (SLEs). Results: A life stress x MAOA-uVNTR interaction on depression and burnout was observed in women suggesting that carriers of the high expressing allele (MAO-H) with many SLEs had the highest scores in both burnout and depression. In men, there was only a weak effect of MAOA-uVNTR on depression. Conclusions: The results suggest a more pronounced reactivity to adverse environmental factors in carriers of the MAO-H allele. Especially the effect of life stress and MAOA-uVNTR on burnout should be independently replicated in the future as this is the first study showing this association.
Clinicopathological and Molecular Findings of Differentiated-Type Minute Gastric Intramucosal Neoplasia
Authors: Uesugi Noriyuki , Sugai Tamotsu , Sugimoto Ryo , Eizuka Makoto , Fujita Yasuko , Sato Ayaka , Osakabe Mitsumasa , Ishida Kazuyuki , Shiomi Ei , Toya Yosuke , Akasaka Risaburo , Matsumoto Takayuki
Published: April 2019

Background/Aims: To evaluate gastric early differentiate-type carcinogenesis, we attempted to identify clinicopathological and biological differences in differentiated-type minute intramucosal neoplasia (MIMN), which was defined as a tumor with a diameter of < 5 mm. Methods: We examined clinicopathological findings and biological factors, including TP53 overexpression, mucin phenotype, Ki-67-positive rate, MLH1, intranuclear accumulation of β-catenin, and DNA methylation status (low methylation epigenotype [LME], intermediate methylation epigenotype, and high methylation epigenotype [HME]) in MIMNs. In addition, non-MIMNs were also analyzed. In the present study, MIMN and non-MIMN were also examined based on low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia, and intramucosal cancer (IMC). Results: In clinicopathological findings, there were significant differences in sex ratios and tumor locations between MIMNs and non-MIMNs. Among the examined biological factors, no significant differences in the frequencies of biological factors were observed between the 2 intramucosal neoplasia types. However, the frequency of intranuclear accumulation of β-catenin was higher in non-MIMNs than in MIMNs. Finally, although the frequency of HME was significantly lower in MIMNs than in non-MIMNs, the opposite was observed for LME. Conclusions: The current finding suggested that DNA methylation and accumulation of β-catenin were closely associated with tumor development from MIMN to non-MIMN.
Successful Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization followed by Radical Liver Transplantation in a Patient with Severe Liver Damage
Authors: Nakamura Hajime , Kawano Yutaka , Miyanishi Koji , Ishikawa Kazuma , Kubo Tomohiro , Tanaka Shingo , Takada Kohichi , Kobune Masayoshi , Harada Kohei , Kawamura Norio , Shimamura Tsuyoshi , Kanno-Okada Hiromi , Kato Junji
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been established as a curative therapy of underlying liver disease and cancer. However, the role of liver transplantation remains controversial for patients with HCC beyond Milan criteria. Case Presentation: A man in his 50s who was diagnosed as having two foci of HCC and advanced liver cirrhosis was referred to our hospital for further examination and treatment. Both foci of HCC were located in segment 8 of the liver and measured 39 and 9 mm. Endoscopy showed esophageal varices that had a high risk of bleeding. After endoscopic ligation of the esophageal varices, he underwent transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for downstaging of the advanced HCCs. No further liver deterioration was observed after TACE, and HCC staging was successfully downstaged to within the Milan criteria. One hundred ten days after TACE, he underwent liver transplantation; at 2.5 years after transplantation, he remains alive without HCC recurrence. Discussion/Conclusion: There are only a few treatment options available for patients with advanced HCC and severe liver damage. Multidisciplinary treatment such as locoregional treatments and prophylaxis of variceal bleeding may result in tumor downstaging, enabling radical liver transplantation without further exacerbation of liver damage.
A review of candonid ostracods (Crustacea: Ostracoda: Podocopida) from East sia, with descriptions of five new species from South Korea
Authors: KARANOVIC IVANA , LEE WONCHOEL
Published: April 2019

Seven species of the family Candonidae Kaufmann, 1900 are reported from South Korea. Five species are described as new, all belonging to the subfamily Candoninae Kaufmann, 1900 and the tribe Candonini Kaufmann, 1900: Candona quasiakaina sp. nov., C. sillae sp. nov., Fabaeformiscandona koreana sp. nov., Typhlocypris choi sp. nov., and Schellencandona tea sp. nov. A very close resemblance between Candona sillae and the European C. improvisa Ostermeyer, 1937 prompted a redescription of the latter species based on the type material, and designation of the lectotype. One species of the tribe Candonopsini, Candonopsis transgrediens Brehm, 1923, previously known only from China, is reported from Korean freshwater habitats, and its first redescription is provided, along with a key to the world representatives of the genus Candonopsis Vávra, 1820. One species of the subfamily Paracypridinae, Dolerocypria mukaishimensis Okubo, 1980, previously known only from Japan, is redescribed from Korean brackish water habitats, and some notes on its variability are provided. A checklist of the Candonidae ostracods from East Asia is also provided, but only for those species that have been well-documented and taxonomically described.
An exploration of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) in Korean and neighboring waters, with the description of four new species and a redescription of E. tchefouensis Lou, 1934
Authors: SØRENSEN MARTIN V. , RHO HYUN SOO , MIN WON-GI , KIM DONGSUNG , CHANG CHEON YOUNG
Published: April 2019

A large collection of kinorhynch specimens from coastal and subtidal localities around the Korean Peninsula and in the East China Sea was examined, and the material included several species of undescribed or poorly known species of Echinoderes Claparède, 1863. The present paper is part of a series dealing with echinoderid species from this material, and inludes descriptions of four new species of Echinoderes, E. aspinosus sp. nov., E. cernunnos sp. nov., E. microaperturus sp. nov. and E. obtuspinosus sp. nov., and redescriprion of the poorly known Echinoderes tchefouensis Lou, 1934.
Sobarocephala (Diptera: Clusiidae: Sobarocesphalinae)—Subgeneric classification and Revision of the New World species
Authors: LONSDALE OWEN , MARSHALL STEPHEN A.
Published: April 2019

Sobarocephala Czerny is divided into nine newly erected species groups: the S. archisobarocephala (4 spp.), S. erwini (3spp.), S. flava (8 New World spp.; 2 Old World spp.), S. flaviseta (86 New World spp.; 1 Old World sp.), S. interrupta (86spp.), S. isla (25 spp.), S. latipennis (16 spp.), S. plumicornis (9 Old World spp.), and S. ruebsaameni (11 spp.) groups; 1species (S. setulocetra spec. nov.) remains unplaced. There are 240 species of Sobarocephala in the New World, including17 Nearctic (2 extend into the Neotropical Region) and 170 new species, some of which were previously considered va-rieties of S. humeralis Melander & Argo. The Neotropical fauna is here described, illustrated, keyed, and placed in a phy-logenetic context. Sobarocephala peruana Soós stat. nov., formerly a subspecies of S. nigronota Melander & Argo, israised to the species level, S. imitans Curran syn. nov. and S. diversipes Curran syn. nov. are synonymized with S. liturataMelander & Argo, S. annulata albiventris Soós syn. nov. is synonymized with S. annulata Melander & Argo, S. albitarsisCzerny syn. nov. is synonymized with S. humeralis, and S. pruinosa pallidor Steyskal syn. n. is synonymized with S. pru-inosa Soós. Lectotypes are designated for S. bistrigata (Kertesz) , S. lumbalis Williston, S. plumicornis Lamb and S. variegata Melander & Argo. The egg of S. uberis spec. nov. is described.
A checklist and key to the idiocerine leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) of Hainan Island, with description of a new genus and new species
Authors: ZHANG BIN , WEBB M.D.
Published: April 2019

The leafhopper subfamily Idiocerinae from Hainan Island (China) is reviewed. Eight genera and 10 species are recognized including one new genus and one new species, Longistyla gen. nov. and Longistyla viraktamathi sp. nov., based on specimens from Jianfengling Nature Reserve. A checklist and keys to genera and species are included.
A new Blepharosis species from China (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)
Authors: GYULAI PETER , SALDAITIS AIDAS , TRUUVERK ANDRO , VAITONIS GINTAS
Published: April 2019

In 2017 the second author encountered a rather small Noctuidae species in western Sichuan (China) with unicolorous brown forewings and ochre reniform stigmata. Initially the six males collected resembled the taxa of the genus Cerapteryx Curtis, 1833, but the more gracile body, the finely serrate (and not bipectinated) male antennae and the late flight period indicated the need of further study. Dissection of the male genitalia revealed that the peculiar species belongs to the genus Blepharosis Boursin, 1964. The most recent review with descriptions of new Blepharosis taxa is available from Hreblay, Ronkay & Plante (1998). Comparison of external and genitalia features of the newly found taxon with the known species confirmed that it represents an undescribed species, which is very different externally from all but one of the members of Blepharosis. Regarding the configuration of the male genitalia, the only similar species is Blepharosis anachoretoides (Alphéraky, 1892), displaying only surprisingly small differences between the two species. The large difference between their barcodes (13.5% difference in the COI sequences) indicate however their specific distinctness despite their similar male genitalia structures.
On the distribution and ecology of Culiseta (Culicella) ochroptera (Peus) (Diptera: Culicidae) in Germany
Authors: KUHLISCH CORNELIUS , KAMPEN HELGE , WERNER DOREEN
Published: April 2019

Culiseta ochroptera is a rare mosquito species in Germany, for which little ecological data are available. It is a species of peatlands where it occurs in a variety of habitats in different mire types. These landscape elements, strongly reduced and degraded by human use, are now often protected areas. Within the scope of a Germany-wide mosquito monitoring program, Cs. ochroptera was documented several times from 2011 to 2017, complementing historical data about its distribution and ecology. The records in northern and eastern Germany represent different types of peatlands and aquatic sites. Highest seasonal population densities were recorded in July and August, caused by the second of at least two annual generations. The morphological variants of Cs. ochroptera as described in the past were assigned to three forms (light, normal, dark), and the previously noted but neglected presence of postspiracular scales is recognized as a useful character supporting species identification.
Hearing Outcomes Following Type 3 Tympanoplasty With Stapes Columella Grafting in Canal Wall Down Mastoidectomy
Authors: Wood C. Burton , O’Connell Brendan P. , Lowery Anne C. , Bennett Marc L. , Wanna George B.
Published: April 2019

Objectives:

To analyze hearing outcomes following Type 3 tympanoplasty with stapes columella grafting after canal wall down mastoidectomy and determine disease recurrence rates in patients undergoing this procedure.

Methods:

This retrospective cohort analysis examines patients undergoing Type 3 tympanoplasty with stapes columella grafting following canal wall down mastoidectomy for cholesteatoma at a tertiary care center from 2005 to 2015. Patient charts were reviewed for demographic data, diagnosis, and operative details. Patients were included in statistical analysis if they were found to have undergone the aforementioned procedure. Evaluation of hearing improvement was made by comparing preoperative air-bone gap (ABG) and ABG at follow-up at 6 months and 1 year postoperatively.

Results:

Nineteen patients met criteria for this study. Erosion of the otic capsule, posterior fossa plate, or tegmen was noted in 37% of cases, highlighting disease severity. Eighteen (95%) had undergone prior otologic surgery. Mean time to short-term follow-up was 6 ± 3 months. The average short-term ABG was 26 ± 11 dB HL; 26% achieved an ABG <20 dB, and 58% achieved an ABG <30 dB. Fifteen had follow-up at least 1 year postoperatively (mean = 33 ± 16 months). At longer-term follow-up, mean ABG was 25 ± 10 dB HL; 33% achieved an ABG <20 dB, while 66% achieved an ABG <30 dB. Hearing remained stable over time ( P = .52). At date of last clinical follow-up, only 1 (5%) patient had undergone revision for recurrent disease.

Conclusion:

In some patients undergoing canal wall down mastoidectomy for advanced or recurrent cholesteatoma, Type 3 tympanoplasty with stapes columella grafting yields marginal hearing benefit. This type of reconstruction is a viable option in this challenging patient cohort, particularly as it is associated with low rates of revision surgery.
Non-technical skills and legal awareness in UK surgical training: A potential strategy for reducing medical error and subsequent harm
Authors: Cameron Andrew J
Published: April 2019

Medical error and the potential subsequent harm caused to patients, relatives and healthcare professionals have been identified as a serious public health concern. Non-technical error has been implicated as a contributing cause in a significant number of adverse events. Modern surgical training in the United Kingdom has evolved to include non-technical skills training to complement traditional technical training. The recognition of non-technical training as well as a renewed focus on legal learning outcomes during training may promote a culture of greater risk awareness and subsequent clinical risk reduction.
Effects of a Web-Based Intervention for PE Teachers on Students' Perceptions of Teacher Behaviors, Psychological Needs, and Intrinsic Motivation
Authors: Tilga Henri , Hein Vello , Koka Andre
Published: April 2019

Interventions based on self-determination theory to help teachers support their students' autonomy have measured teachers' autonomy-supportive and controlling behaviors as unidimensional constructs. This study investigated whether a Web-Based Autonomy-Supportive Intervention Program (WB-ASIP) for physical education (PE) teachers would alter their students' perceptions of (a) the teachers' multidimensional autonomy-supportive and controlling behaviors, (b) their own psychological need satisfaction and frustration, and (c) perceived intrinsic motivation. We found that WB-ASIP significantly increased students' perceptions of all autonomy-supportive teacher behaviors and students' need satisfaction. At follow-up, we found that WB-ASIP led to a significant decrease in students' perception of teacher intimidation behaviors and students' autonomy frustration. These results suggest that a web-based intervention program to enhance PE teachers' autonomy-supportive behavior and minimize their controlling behavior was partially effective in positively changing their students' perceptions.
Challenging Diversity: Steering Effects of Buzzwords in Projectified Health Care
Authors: Penkler Michael , Felder Kay , Felt Ulrike
Published: April 2019

This article discusses the effects of two trends in contemporary biomedicine that have so far been largely addressed separately: the steering of fields through programmatic “buzzwords” and the projectified nature of contemporary health research, care, and promotion. Drawing on a case study of an Austrian diversity-sensitive health promotion project related to obesity prevention, we show how the articulation of these trends—governance by buzzwords and projectification—often leads to not unproblematic and often paradoxical outcomes. Buzzwords such as “diversity” become especially important in an innovation-driven environment encouraging a promissory rhetoric. At the same time, the project form shapes and restricts how buzzwords (as typically vague terms that need to be fleshed out) are articulated and translated into a specific project design. In our case study of an obesity prevention program, the need to translate diversity into a “doable” project encouraged the identification of seemingly clearly delineated target groups and thus promoted a rather narrow understanding of diversity, which stands in tension with much more fluid and context-sensitive ways of performing “diversity.” We show how actors grapple with these paradoxes. This restricts the full power a buzzword such as diversity could achieve in terms of social justice.
Felt gender typicality and psychosocial adjustment in Indian early adolescents
Authors: Menon Meenakshi , Hannah-Fisher Katie
Published: April 2019

The association between felt gender typicality (self-perceived similarity to the same-gender peer group) and psychosocial adjustment (self-esteem, peer social competence, depression, victimization, and aggression) was examined in a sample of early adolescents in New Delhi, India ( N = 296, 130 girls, mean age = 12.73 years). We also explored whether adolescents’ gender-differentiating cognitions (felt pressure for gender conformity, work sexism, and entity beliefs) affect their adjustment, alone and in interaction with felt typicality. Results indicated that felt typicality was associated with higher self-esteem in girls and in older adolescents, with lower depression in older adolescents, and with higher peer social competence. Gender-differentiating beliefs were especially detrimental to girls’ and younger adolescents’ psychosocial adjustment, with mixed results for boys’ adjustment. Gender beliefs also moderated the influence of felt typicality on adjustment. Felt atypicality was associated with greater depression and aggression when adolescents also reported strongly sexist beliefs; and with greater victimization for older adolescents who had high felt pressure or work sexism. Further, boys with strong entity beliefs failed to derive peer social competence from felt typicality. Results indicate that gender self-discrepancy—a disconnect between how one sees oneself in relation to the same-gender peer group and how one feels one’s gender should be—is problematic.
Illusions With Hands, but Not With Balloons – Comparing Ownership and Referral of Touch for a Corporal and Noncorporal Object After Visuotactile Stimulation
Authors: Kalckert Andreas , Bico Ian , Fong Jia Xi
Published: April 2019

The rubber hand illusion is a perceptual illusion of perceiving an object like a model hand as part of the own body. The question whether the illusion can be induced with noncorporal objects that do not look like a human body part is not perfectly resolved yet. In this study, we directly assessed the subjective experience of two different components within the illusion (i.e., ownership and referral of touch) when a model hand and a balloon are stimulated. We observed significantly stronger illusion ratings for the hand as compared with the balloon, and only the hand ratings showed a clear affirmation of the illusion. We further conclude that (a) a significant difference between synchronous and asynchronous conditions may not be sufficient to argue for the successful induction of the illusion and (b) the subcomponents show a different pattern in the different conditions, which may lead to alternative interpretations. These observations call for a more fine-grained interpretation of questionnaire data in rubber hand illusion studies.
Real-Time Optimal Scheduling Model for Transit System with Flexible Bus Line Length
Authors: Pei Mingyang , Lin Peiqun , Ou Junfeng
Published: April 2019

We propose a new structured transit system with flexible bus line length based on the real-time requests of passengers. This operation mode can meet the travel demands of passengers (lower travel-time cost) and reduce the number of unnecessary stops (without boarding or alighting activities). We then compare the performance of the proposed transit system with that of fixed-route transit service and show the pros and cons of each system for several passenger demand levels. It is found that at low-to-moderate demand levels, the proposed flexible-route system tends to provide the lowest total travel time. In comparing a real-world deployment of the system in Guangzhou with comparable alternative system states, the optimization of the former is evident in idle and tidal modes, in which the total travel times reduced by more than 10%. Moreover, this operating system can achieve enhanced performance with the development of automated vehicle technology in the future.
Ulnar Collateral Ligament Repair With Collagen-Dipped FiberTape Augmentation in Overhead-Throwing Athletes
Authors: Dugas Jeffrey R. , Looze Christopher A. , Capogna Brian , Walters Brian L. , Jones Christopher M. , Rothermich Marcus A. , Fleisig Glenn S. , Aune Kyle T. , Drogosz Monika , Wilk Kevin E. , Emblom Benton A. , Cain E. Lyle
Published: April 2019

Background:

There has been a renewed interest in ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) repair in overhead athletes because of a greater understanding of UCL injuries, an improvement in fixation technology, and the extensive rehabilitation time to return to play.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

To evaluate the clinical outcomes of a novel technique of UCL repair with internal brace augmentation in overhead throwers.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Patients undergoing a novel technique of UCL repair with internal brace augmentation were prospectively followed for a minimum of 1 year. Potential candidates for repair were selected after the failure of nonoperative treatment when imaging suggested a complete or partial avulsion of the UCL from either the sublime tubercle or medial epicondyle, without evidence of poor tissue quality of the ligament. The final decision on UCL repair or traditional reconstruction was determined intraoperatively. Demographic and operative data were collected at the time of surgery. Return to play, and Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic (KJOC) scores were collected at 1 year and then again at 2 years postoperatively.

Results:

Of the 111 overhead athletes eligible for the study, 92% (102/111) of those who desired to return to the same or higher level of competition were able to do so at a mean time of 6.7 months. These patients had a mean KJOC score of 88.2 at final follow-up.

Conclusion:

UCL repair with internal brace augmentation is a viable option for amateur overhead throwers with selected UCL injuries who wish to return to sport in a shorter time frame than allowed by traditional UCL reconstruction.
Youth Drug Use in Barbados and England: Correlates With Online Peer Influences
Authors: Jules Mia Amour , Maynard Donna-Maria B. , Coulson Neil
Published: April 2019

This study examined the relationship between susceptibility to drug-related online peer influence on Facebook and offline alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use among emerging adults (18-24 years) enrolled at the university level in Barbados and England. A cross-national comparative, explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was employed with samples of students of African-Caribbean descent and European descent in Barbados and England, respectively. Quantitative data were collected using surveys from 241 students in Barbados and 186 in England. Qualitative focus groups were conducted with 23 Barbadian students and 16 English students. Spearman’s rank-order correlations were conducted to analyze quantitative data and a three-tiered categorization system was used to analyze the qualitative data. Significant positive relationships between students’ susceptibility to online peer influence (SOPI) and alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use were found. Six qualitative themes emerged representing cross-national similarities, while three themes emerged highlighting some differences between the two contexts. We propose that the relationship between SOPI and offline drug use may be mediated by the interrelated factors of emerging-adult developmental characteristics and the online and offline social environments. We represent these findings diagrammatically to convey that developmental and environmental factors together can provide a holistic understanding of the interplay between online interactions and offline risk behaviors.
Analysing the correlation between vehicle responses and track irregularities using dynamic simulations and measurements
Authors: Karis Tomas , Berg Mats , Stichel Sebastian
Published: April 2019

Track irregularities play a key role in vehicle response, but it is not uncommon to find irregularities with similar statistical characteristics giving very different vehicle behaviour. It is therefore important to find a consistent way of describing track irregularities, which better matches the vehicle behaviour to facilitate an efficient track maintenance and vehicle acceptance testing. Various proposals have been made to resolve this issue, although with limited success. In the present paper, a methodology to break down the track–vehicle interaction into steps, by analysing the irregularity–response correlation in detail, is applied to both the measured and simulated data of a passenger coach. The results show a very good agreement and a high correlation coefficient between the vertical axle box acceleration and the second spatial derivative of the vertical track irregularities when analysing the simulated data, but not for the measured data. Parameter variations are carried out through simulations, in which the vertical track stiffness, vehicle unsprung mass, vertical primary suspension and different combinations of track irregularities are varied. The results show that track stiffness mainly affects the axle box acceleration whereas the primary vertical suspension stiffness and unsprung mass predominantly affect the vertical wheel–rail forces. Therefore, it is important to understand the influence of track stiffness, especially with the help of the measured data, and the methods that reduce its influence should be investigated in future works.
A Study to Measure Job Satisfaction Among Academicians Using Herzberg’s Theory in the Context of Northeast India
Authors: Singh Monu , Bhattacharjee Abhigyan
Published: April 2019

The study aims to test the significance of Herzberg’s theory in the field of academics. The study also aims to measure the differences in the satisfaction levels of academicians towards their job on the basis of the location of their home town, that is, from Northeast and other parts of the country. The study is primary in nature and data have been collected with the help of a self-developed questionnaire. The sample units consisted of 478 academicians estimating around 30 per cent of the total academicians working in the central universities of Northeast India. Researchers have used multiple regression analysis, step-wise regression analysis and t-test in the study. It was found from the study that Herzberg’s two-factor theory can be successfully applied to the academics’ job satisfaction. Both the motivation and hygiene factors have been found to be positively and significantly related to job satisfaction. It has been found from the study that there is a significant difference in the satisfaction level of academicians towards the motivation and hygiene factors of job satisfaction due to the difference in their home town. Academicians whose home town is in the Northeast are found to be highly satisfied towards the motivation and hygiene factors than the academicians whose home town is in other parts of the country.
Transnational Masculinity in the Eyes of Local Beholders? Young Americans’ Perception of K-Pop Masculinities
Authors: Song Kirsten Younghee , Velding Victoria
Published: April 2019

The advancement in communication technology has created myriad online media sources through which people from different cultural backgrounds meet more frequently and easily than ever before. In this highly interconnected world, intercultural sensitivity has been the utmost important quality for global citizenship. Empirical literature on how gender norms operate across countries in the realm of a global circulation of media contents is limited. This study examines how young American individuals perceived masculinity embodied through Korean pop male band members’ bodies. Survey data suggest that U.S. cultural norms played a significant role in research participants’ ( N = 772) perception of Korean band members’ masculinity. Respondents perceived them neither highly masculine nor feminine. Such ambiguous gender images are similar to the stereotypes of Asian American males in the United States. Moreover, respondents’ perception of and evaluation of band members’ masculinity largely conform to what the concept of hegemonic masculinity suggests as ideal. Findings imply that participants construct the difference between Korean pop band members’ masculinity and the Western hegemonic masculinity ideal, and subsequently reproduce cultural distance.
Social Reactions and Women’s Decisions to Report Sexual Assault to Law Enforcement
Authors: DePrince Anne P. , Wright Naomi , Gagnon Kerry L. , Srinivas Tejaswinhi , Labus Jennifer
Published: April 2019

Following sexual assault, little is known about how the social reactions women receive from informal supports and community-based providers relate to decisions to report to law enforcement. Among 213 diverse women who had disclosed a recent sexual assault to a community-based provider, 56% reported to law enforcement. Law enforcement reporting was associated with more positive (tangible aid) and less negative (distraction, being treated differently) reactions from informal supports and more tangible aid and less emotional support from community-based providers. Tangible aid from community-based providers predicted law enforcement reporting over the subsequent 9 months among women who had not initially reported.
The “Arm-to-Chest Tunneling” technique: A modified technique for arm placement of implantable ports or central catheters
Authors: Kehagias Elias , Tsetis Dimitrios
Published: April 2019

Purpose:

Central venous catheters or “venous access devices” include totally implantable venous access devices or “ports,” peripherally inserted central catheters, and tunneled lines. Venous access devices are now the standard of care in patients requiring long-term intravenous drug administration. Arm venous access device placement is a valuable option for vascular access yet often complicated or rendered practically impossible by the condition and size of peripheral veins. We describe a modification of the arm venous access device implantation technique that we use in our department in order to offer this option to our patients, regardless of their peripheral veins condition.

Methods:

After ultrasound guided venous access of a suitable neck vein, we create a port pouch—in case of a totally implantable vascular access device—or a skin nick—in case of a venous access device—in the inner aspect of the mid-arm. Using a straight metal tunneler, we tunnel the line from the neck to the arm in two stages, externalizing and re-inserting the line into a skin nick made on the deltopectoral groove. We call this technique “Arm-to-Chest Tunneling” and use it to place venous access devices in the arm using a neck venous access.

Results:

The Arm-to-Chest Tunneling technique allows us to use larger arm venous access device catheters irrespective of the arm veins condition. Thus, this technique has the advantages of arm venous access device placement, with the added benefit of saving the arm veins.

Conclusion:

The “Arm-to-Chest Tunneling” method offers the alternative to place a venous access device in a more discreet site in the arm, even in cases in which arm veins are inadequate.