bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acceptability and operational feasibility of community health worker-led home phototherapy treatment for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in rural Bangladesh
Authors: Jahan Farjana , Parvez Sarker Masud , Rahman Mahbubur , Billah Sk Masum , Yeasmin Farzana , Jahir Tania , Hasan Rezaul , Darmstadt Gary L. , Arifeen Shams El , Hoque Md. Mahbubul , Shahidullah Mohammod , Islam Muhammad Shariful , Ashrafee Sabina , Foote Eric M.
Published: September 2023

There is an unmet need for phototherapy treatment in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to prevent disability and death of newborns with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Home phototherapy deployed by community health workers (CHWs) in LMICs may help increase access to essential newborn postnatal care in a more acceptable way for families and lead to an increase in indicated treatment rates for newborns with hyperbilirubinemia. We aimed to investigate the operational feasibility and acceptability of a CHW-led home phototherapy intervention in a rural sub-district of Bangladesh for families and CHWs where home delivery was common and treatment facility for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia was often more than two hours from households. We enrolled 23 newborns who were > = 2 kilograms and > = 35 weeks’ gestational age, without clinical danger signs, and met the American Academy of Pediatric treatment criteria for phototherapy for hyperbilirubinemia. We employed a mixed-method investigation to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of home phototherapy through surveys, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with CHWs, mothers, and grandparents. Mothers and family members found home phototherapy worked well, saved them money, and was convenient and easy to operate. CHWs found it feasible to deploy home phototherapy and identified hands-on training, mHealth job aids, a manageable workload, and prenatal education as facilitating factors for implementation. Feasibility and acceptability concerns were limited amongst parents and included: a lack of confidence in CHWs’ skills, fear of putting newborn infants in a phototherapy device, and unreliable home power supply. CHW-led home phototherapy was acceptable to families and CHWs in rural Bangladesh. Further investigation should be done to determine the impact of home phototherapy on treatment rates and on preventing morbidity associated with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Clinical Trial (CT) registration ID: NCT03933423, full protocol can be accessed at https://gatesopenresearch.org/articles/7-58 Name of the trial registry: clinicaltrials.gov Clinical Trial (CT) registration Date: 01/05/2019
Impella RP Flex as a Rescue for the Failing Right Ventricle after Heart Transplantation
Authors: Agrawal Akanksha , Bommareddi Swaroop , Lozonschi Lucian , Dumitru Ioana , Shoemaker Joel
Published: September 2023

Right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) after orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in the early post-transplant phase. As its pathophysiology is multifactorial, management is challenging. Recently, Impella RP Flex was approved for RV support as a mechanical circulatory device. We hereby present the first case of its use in managing RV failure in a patient after OHT.
A Successful Live Birth Through In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer in Stage IVb Endometrial Carcinoma after Conservative Treatment: a Case Report
Authors: Xiao Zerui , Song Ziyi , Zhao Yuexin , Wang Yiqin , Li Xiaoping , Liang Rong , Wang Jianliu , lu Qun
Published: September 2023

Introduction
An increasing number of young patients with early-stage endometrial cancer are opting for fertility-sparing treatment, and they have achieved reassuring rates of complete remission, with some women achieving pregnancy. However, surgical treatment is still recommended for patients with advanced endometrial cancer. We reported a woman with IVb endometrial cancer (EC) who reached complete remission (CR) and gained a live birth successfully with the help of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET).
Case report
A 30-year-old woman found to have stage IVb EC after hysteroscopy, laparoscopy, and pathological examination. After a combination of chemotherapy and progesterone therapy, the woman achieved complete remission. The woman became pregnant with IVF-ET and got a full-term live birth. In addition, there was no recurrence after 19 months of observation. The molecular classification of POLE and the combination of chemotherapy and progesterone therapy may be associated with a good prognosis of this patient. The use of progestin-primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS) and the combination of letrozole and levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (LNG-IUD) during ovulation induction seemed to be safe for the woman
Conclusion
This is the first report on fertility-sparing treatment and live birth for advanced EC. IVF-ET is feasible for women with EC who preserve reproductive function. The progestin-primed ovarian stimulation combined with levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device and letrozole seems to be safe for these women. Patients still need to be closely watched for tumor recurrence.
Immune-nutritional indexes for predicting the response to nivolumab immunotherapy in gastric cancer
Authors: Wada Yuma , Nishi Masaaki , Yoshikawa Kozo , Takasu Chie , Tokunaga Takuya , Nakao Toshihiro , Kashihara Hideya , Yoshimoto Toshiaki , Shimada Mitsuo
Published: September 2023

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors reportedly improve survival outcomes in patients with gastric cancer (GC). However, most patients develop disease progression, for which treatment options are limited. Although research has shown some benefits from nivolumab, accurate prediction of the response to nivolumab has not been achieved. We examined biomarkers for identification of patients with good response for promising treatment like immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Methods: We analyzed 40 patients with clinical unresectable or recurrent GC who received nivolumab immunotherapy and divided them into a responder group (n=7) and non-responder group (n=33) based on the RECIST criteria. We prioritized the following biomarkers: nutritional markers (prognostic nutritional index [PNI], lymphocyte-to-plasma C-reactive protein ratio [LCR], and neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio [NLR]), sarcopenia, and osteopenia.
Results: Our model predicted the response to nivolumab with excellent accuracy in immune-nutritional markers (LCR: area under the curve [AUC]=0.74, NLR: AUC=0.75, PNI: AUC=0.60), osteopenia (AUC=0.83), and sarcopenia (AUC=0.73). Moreover, the predictive accuracy of the risk-assessment model was superior to that of each parameter (AUC=0.93). The high-risk group based on the risk-assessment model was associated with poor overall survival (P<0.01) and progression-free survival (P=0.08). Moreover, univariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis revealed that our model was an independent predictor of survival outcomes (hazard ratio=3.22, 95% confidence interval=1.62–6.42, P<0.01).
Conclusions: Measurement of nutritional markers, osteopenia, and sarcopenia allowed prediction of a response to nivolumab immunotherapy in patients with GC. Our novel risk-assessment model for predicting the response to nivolumab has potential for clinical translation.
Study on the difference of physical activities and static activities between urban and rural elderly and its influencing factors - Empirical Analysis Based on 2018 CLHLS Data
Authors: Song Keying , zhao Zijian
Published: September 2023

Using the data of CLHLS in 2018, the differences of physical activities, static activities and influencing factors between urban and rural elderly in China were studied.The results showed that there were still significant differences in physical activities and static activities between urban and rural elderly in China (p<0.001) and the proportion of urban and rural elderly people participating in static activities is significantly higher than the proportion of physical exercise (61.62% vs 34.91%, 51.52% vs 23.63%).After controlling factors such as population, socioeconomic, lifestyle, self-evaluation health and external support, the differences in physical exercise and static activities between urban and rural elderly are actually smaller than observed.Factors of
population, socioeconomic, lifestyle, self-assessment health and external support explain the differences.Not only that, some variables have different effects on physical activities and static activities.
Effects of different patterns of movement for correcting a deep curve of Spee with invisible orthodontic appliances on the anterior teeth: A finite element analysis
Authors: zhu lin , Liu Lin , Wang Wei , Deng WenWen
Published: September 2023

Objective
To evaluate the effects of five different patterns of mandibular molar movement and to define the most effective configuration to be implemented with clear aligners through finite element analysis.
Methods
A three-dimensional evaluation mandibular model with a deep overbite in the mandible was constructed based on cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) data. The modelled components included mandibular dentition, mandibular periodontal ligaments, attachments, and aligners.
Results
Configuration A showed the highest distal displacement value, and configuration E showed the lowest value. For the central and lateral incisors, configuration E showed the highest PDL pressure. For canines, the difference between configurations C and D was not significant and the stress distribution differed among the five groups.
Conclusion
First, simultaneously, extruding the premolars during molar distalization could enhance the effectiveness of invisible aligners. Second, when expansion and extrusion are simultaneously performed during the distalization of teeth, attention must be given to the alveolar bone on the labial side of anterior teeth to prevent the occurrence of gingival recession, dehiscence, and fenestration.
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 collagenase-like protease promotes meningitis by increasing blood-brain barrier permeability
Authors: Mei Jikun , Jiang Xuan , Li Fengyang , Wu Zengshuai , Wu Tong , Zhu Junhui , Jiang Hexiang , Li Ziheng , Li Na , Lei Liancheng
Published: September 2023

Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen that causes meningitis in humans and pigs. It not only brings huge economic losses to the pig industry but also seriously threatens public health security. However, the mechanisms by which SS2 enters the brain and induces meningitis is not fully understood. Here, we investigated the role and mechanism of the SS2 collagenase-like protease (Clp) in promoting the passage of the bacterium across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We found that SS2 Clp enhanced virulence and tissue colonization, and promoted the destruction of the BBB in mice. Compared with wild-type SS2, the ability of a Δclp mutant to cross human brain microvascular endothelial (hCMEC/D3) cell monolayers decreased, whereas the addition of recombinant protein rClp increased permeability. rClp also significantly promoted the adhesion of SS2 to hCMEC/D3, inhibited the expression of intercellular tight junction proteins ZO-1 and Occludin independent of its enzyme activity, and induced hCMEC/D3 apoptosis through the cell receptor ligand apoptosis and mitochondrial apoptosis pathways partly dependent on its enzyme activity, resulting in BBB destruction and increased permeability. Moreover, Clp increased macrophage (F4/80+), monocytes (F4/80-Ly6C+), and neutrophils (Ly6G+) infiltration into the brain after SS2 infection. Thus, SS2 Clp is required for the passage of the bacterium across the BBB, and the results, provide a theoretical basis for better prevention and treatment of SS2-induced meningitis.
The consequences of trade on global plastic pollution
Authors: Navarre Nicolas , Barbarossa Valerio , Tukker Arnold , Mogollón José
Published: September 2023

Plastic has become an omnipresent material that negatively affects ecosystems. Many high-income nations export plastic waste to alleviate local burdens, however importing countries have less advanced plastic treatment and management infrastructures. Here, we evaluate the influence of trade on global plastic leakage to the aquatic environment by combining spatial plastic waste generation with global plastic waste trade commodity data. Plastic waste traded from high-income and mismanaged in low- and middle-income countries results in 1.2 Mt of additional plastic debris accumulating in aquatic environments, increasing previous estimates of plastic pollution from high-income countries to freshwater environments by 51% and marine environments by 100%. Improving international cooperation is essential to stop this until now underestimated but crucial source of plastic waste polluting ecosystems worldwide.
Preliminary experiment into the effects of red ochre on decomposition rate and bone microstructure in stillborn/perinate Sus scrofa domesticus
Authors: Carlson Kellie Sara Duffett , Mandl Kirsten , Metscher Brian
Published: September 2023

The use of red ochre in funerary rituals holds continued interest for archaeologists and anthropologists given its ubiquity and debates surrounding its function. Despite this, and efforts into distinguishing corpse treatments on a histological level, there has been no experimental attempt to identify the potential effects of ochre treatments on soft tissue decomposition or skeletal remains. Moreover, there remain questions concerning the susceptibility of stillborn, perinate, and neonate remains to bacterial bioerosion. To help fill these knowledge gaps an exploratory study was conducted to assess the effects of red ochre on decomposition rate and bone histology using minimally destructive microCT-based protocols. Five stillborn or perinate domestic piglets, a reliable proxy for human corpse decomposition due to their similar gut bacteria and thoracic size, were either left untreated or subjected to one of two ochre treatments (paste or powder), and then buried or left to decompose in an open-air environment. The preliminary results of this experiment suggest that red ochre does not inhibit, nor significantly increase bacterial bioerosion in stillborn/perinate bone. However, ochre paste, which delayed skeletonisation and inhibited fly activity, did contribute to skeletal disarray in the exposed piglet, which we hypothesise is due to mechanical effects. Moreover, the very limited and localised evidence of potential bioerosion manifested on the periosteal surface, providing evidence for an exogenous origin for osteolytic microbiota.
DENND6A couples Arl8b to a Rab34/RILP/dynein complex regulating
retrograde lysosomal trafficking and autophagy
Authors: McPherson Peter , Kumar Rahul , Francis Vincent , Khan Maleeha , Aguila Adriana , Kulasekaran Gopinath
Published: September 2023

Lysosomes help maintain cellular proteostasis, and defects in lysosomal positioning and function lead to diseases including neurodegenerative disorders. The spatiotemporal distribution of lysosomes is regulated by small GTPases, including Rabs, which are activated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). DENN domain–bearing proteins are the largest family of Rab GEFs. Using a cell-based assay, we screened the DENN domain protein
family member DENND6A for potential GEF activity toward all 60 Rabs and identified 20 potential DENND6A substrates, including Rab34. Here, we demonstrate that DENND6A activates Rab34, which recruits a RILP/dynein complex to the lysosomes, promoting
lysosomal retrograde trafficking from the cell periphery to the minus ends of microtubules. Further, we identify DENND6A as an effector of Arl8b, a major regulatory GTPase on lysosomes. Initially known for promoting anterograde transport of lysosomes, Arl8b also facilitates lysosomal retrograde transport. We demonstrate that Arl8b recruits DENND6A to
peripheral lysosomes to activate Rab34 and initiate retrograde transport, regulating nutrient-dependent lysosomal juxtanuclear repositioning and loss of DENND6A impairs autophagic flux. Our findings support a model whereby Arl8b/DENND6A/Rab34-dependent lysosomal retrograde trafficking controls autophagy.
Observation of Non-Hermitian Skin Effect in Thermal Diffusion
Authors: Li Ying , Liu Yun-Kai , Cao Pei-Chao , Qi Minghong , Huang Qiang-Kai-Lai , Peng Yu-Gui , Zhu Xue-Feng
Published: September 2023

The paradigm shift of the Hermitian systems into the non-Hermitian regime profoundly modifies inherent property of the topological systems, leading to various unprecedented effects such as the non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE). In the past decade, the NHSE effect has been demonstrated in quantum, optical and acoustic systems. Beside those wave systems, the NHSE in diffusive systems has not yet been observed, despite recent abundant advances in the study of topological thermal diffusion. Here, we design a thermal diffusion lattice based on a modified Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model and demonstrate the diffusive NHSE. In the proposed model, the asymmetric temperature field coupling inside each unit cell can be judiciously realized by appropriate configurations of structural parameters. The dynamic concentration feature of temperature field on the boundary regardless of initial excitation conditions can be clearly observed. We thus experimentally demonstrated the NHSE in thermal diffusion and verified its robustness against various defects. Our work provides a platform for exploration of non-Hermitian physics in the diffusive systems, which has important applications in efficient heat collection, highly sensitive thermal sensing and others.
Assessment of Maxillary Arch Form in Individuals With Unilateral and Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Dogan Ege , Selver Ozdil , Doğan Servet , Boyacıoğlu Hayal
Published: September 2023

Objective
To analyze and compare maxillary arch forms in unilateral (UCLP), bilateral (BCLP) cleft lip and palate and control group patients
Materials and Methods
The research involved 450 patients (220 males, 230 females) aged 13 to 16, seeking orthodontic treatment at Ege University Orthodontics Department. Maxillary models of 150 UCLP, 150 BCLP, and 150 Angle Class I malocclusion (control) patients were evaluated for narrow, ovoid, and square forms using the 'OrthoForm-3M Unitek' template. Statistical analyses utilized IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0, employing a chi-square test to assess significance.
Results
Control group analysis showed ovoid arch form most common (51.7%), followed by narrow (32.2%) and square (16.1%). UCLP patients had most narrow form (37.3%), followed by ovoid (32.7%) and square (30%). BCLP patients had most square form (46.4%), followed by narrow (42.3%) and ovoid (11.3%). Significant differences in arc forms were found between UCLP/BCLP and control (p < 0.000). Cramer's V Test showed moderate correlation (Cramer's V = 0.265; p = 0.00). No gender differences were found (p = 0.879), and no arc form-gender correlation (p = 0.235).
Conclusion
Maxillary arch forms differ between UCLP and BCLP patients. UCLP patients commonly have narrow arch, while BCLP patients show square form. UCLP patients tend to have less square arch, BCLP patients less ovoid. In Angle Class I without CLP, ovoid is common, square least. The narrower maxillary arch form of CLP patients compared to those without CLP holds clinical importance, especially in treatment planning.
Clinical Relevance:
The importance of maxillary arch form in CLP treatment planning, as well as the potential impact on treatment outcomes
Hot Water Treatment – A physical strategy deployed in checking the Septoria leaf spot of tomato incited by Septoria lycopersici Speg.
Authors: Katoch Vijeta , Chandel Sunita
Published: September 2023

Septoria leaf spot (Septoria lycopersici Speg.) is the one of most serious foliar diseases of tomato. It mainly occurs on young leaves leading to severe defoliation which later proliferates in fruits and contributes towards detrimental yield losses. Considering the seed borne nature of pathogen, goal of present research was to eradicate the inoculum of disease from seeds by giving hot water treatment in vitro and evaluating its effect in vivo. Tomato seeds were subjected to hot water treatment (HWT) at temperature regimes 48, 50, 52 and 55°C at two different time intervals 15 and 30 minutes, amongst which HWT with 48°C at 30 minutes duration was found most effective in respect of increasing germination percentage (89.83%), seedling length (18.00cm), seedling vigour (1617.76), seedling dry weight (18.03mg) and minimum 4.19% seed infection. Under field condition also the same seeds treatment was found effective by giving reduction in the disease severity and incidence levels up to 47.01 and 33.26%, respectively. Next best temperature regime recorded was 50°C for 30 minutes which minimized the Septoria lycopersici seed infection with beneficial effect on seed growth parameters. Thus, present study come up with the new strategy to manage Septoria leaf spot by giving physical method of hot water as pre-treatment to tomato seeds that helped in reduction of disease spread and severity under field conditions, moreover improves the plant growth parameters and had a potential to substitute chemical fungicides.
Surgeon-Modified Fenestrated Endovascular Grafts and Thoracoscope-assisted Fixation for Treatment of Thoraco-abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Wang Hong , Wang Wei , Wang Weifan , Liu Debin
Published: September 2023

Background Total endovascular technique with fenestrated endovascular graft might be hampered for the late dilatation of proximal landing zone, which may cause endografts migration. we describe a successful urgent hybrid procedure for extent III thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm with aortic intramural hematoma.
Case Presentation A 55-year-old female with thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm was considered at high surgical risk and unfit for open repair due to multiple comorbidities. Therefore, a hybrid procedure of surgeon-modified fenestrated endovascular graft combined with thoracoscope-assisted fixation was finally chosen and performed in the endovascular operating room. A 3-port technique was performed through a left video-assisted thoracoscopic approach. After the first tampering stent-graft was deployed, a double-needle suture was penetrated both the aortic wall and stent-graft to fix it on the top of thoracic aorta. Then the fenestrated endograft was introduced and oriented extracorporeally by rotating superior mesenteric artery and left renal artery fenestration radiopaque markers and deployed with perfect apposition between the fenestrations and target visceral artery. Each vessel was sequentially stented using Viabahn self-expandable stent to finish target vessel stenting. An Ankura cuff stent was deployed in the distal abdominal aortic artery.
Conclusion Surgeon-modified fenestrated endovascular graft combined with thoracoscope-assisted fixation may be an innovative and viable alternative for selected high-risk patients with extent III thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm. A longer follow-up is needed to ascertain the success of this approach.
Understanding Undernutrition among Pregnant Women in Rural Ethiopia: A Qualitative Study Using a Human-Centered Design Approach
Authors: Chea Nana , Groen Paul , Mengesha Mathe , Astatkie Ayalew , Spigt Mark
Published: September 2023

Background
Undernutrition among pregnant women is a huge global public health problem affecting the health of the mothers and their (unborn) children. In Ethiopia, the problem persists at an excessively high level despite conventional interventions. This study employed a qualitative human-centered design for a better understanding of undernutrition among pregnant women in rural Ethiopia.
Methods
We conducted a phenomenological study in three districts of rural Ethiopia in 2022. Eighteen in-depth interviews and eight focus group discussions involving mothers and healthcare workers were conducted in two phases. Data were audio recorded, transcribed, translated, and thematic code analysis was supported by data analysis software, ATLAS.ti, version 7.0.92.
Result
Gender inequality, a decline in nutritional education at maternal health services and initiatives, and a resulting lack of nutritional knowledge, were identified as main causes of undernutrition among pregnant women in rural Ethiopia. The participants emphasized that the most effective approach to address undernutrition among pregnant women involves closing the current gap in nutritional knowledge and practices among pregnant women, husbands, and mothers-in-law. They also proposed enhancing nutritional education provided during maternal healthcare services and initiatives like the pregnant women forum. Moreover, they highlighted the importance of reducing gender inequalities to make a significant impact on this issue.
Conclusion
Mothers and healthcare workers identified key factors contributing to the persistently high prevalence of undernutrition among pregnant women. To address this issue, interventions should prioritize improving knowledge and addressing inequalities through collaboration across multiple sectors.
Extracellular Succinate Derived From Ectopic Milieu Drives Adhesion and Implantation Growth of Endometrial stromal cells via the SUCNR1 signal in endometriosis
Authors: Tian Qi , Ruan JingYao , Wang Yuning , Xiao Yinping , Cheng Qi , Chen Yun , Li Mingqing , Chang Kaikai , Yi Xiaofang
Published: September 2023

Background
As a dual-function metabolite, succinate has emerged in cell function and plays a key signaling role in linking mitochondrial function to other cellular functions. Succinate accumulation in the cytoplasm is commonly associated with hypoxia in the microenvironment and immune cell activation. Meanwhile, extracellular succinate released into the microenvironment is considered an inflammatory alarm that can be sensed by its membrane receptor SUCNR1, boosts proinflammatory responses and acts akin to classical hormones and cytokines. Succinate has been reported to play an important role in inflammatory disease. It is worth exploring whether succinate can facilitate the progress of endometriosis (EMs), which is characterized by chronic inflammation and peritoneal adhesion.
Objective
To evaluate the main source and potential role of succinate in endometriosis, we mimics the ectopic milieu in vitro and in vivo. The molecular and functional effects of succinate on macrophages and peritoneal mesothelial cells in peritoneal cavity were assessed. The succinate/SUCNR1 signal acting on ectopic endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) was further explored in this study.
Methods
In this study, we used targeted organic acid metabolomics analysis and in vitro assay to assess whether there was an obvious accumulation of succinate in the peritoneal fluid of EMs patients and its correlated with disease severity, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and the Endometriosis Fertility Index (EFI). Flow cytometry, Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western-blot assay, and quantitative real-time PCR, and other molecular biology techniques were used for exploring the potential mechanisms.
Results
By mimicking the ectopic milieu, we constructed an in vitro co-culture system and found that M1 polarized macrophages and the peritoneal mesothelial cell line (HMrSV5) mainly released succinate into their microenvironment and activated the succinate receptor (SUCNR1) signal, which further polarizes macrophages and significantly enhances the invasive survival of ESCs, and the adhesion with peritoneum. We further investigated the pathological effect of extracellular succinate in vivo using xenograft mouse models of endometriosis.
Conclusions
Collectively, the succinate-SUCNR1 signal facilitates in creating the inflammatory nice and plays a vital role in EMs progression and peritoneal adhesion. Our work on the molecular mechanism of succinate accumulation and function will be helpful to elucidate the phenotypic mystery of pain and infertility in EMs.
Preparation of composite biomass briquette from a mixture of domestic solid waste and coconut husk with cow dung as a binder
Authors: Miller Dominic Luckee , Takase Mohammed
Published: September 2023

Composite biomass briquette has been synthesized and characterized from a mixture of domestic solid waste and coconut husk using cow dung as a binder. A 170-litre metal drum was used as a kiln for feedstock pyrolysis. The feedstocks were subjected to SEM analysis and proximate analysis. Moreover, an Oxygen Parr Bomb Calorimeter was used to estimate the composite briquette's gross calorific value. Additionally, a LECO 932 CHNS elemental analyzer was utilized to determine the elemental composition of the composite biomass briquette. Subsequently, a Water boiling test was conducted to assess the suitability of the fuel compared to traditional charcoal observing the fuel burning rate, specific fuel consumption, ignition time, and thermal efficiency. The composite biomass briquettes had an optimal high heating value of 19.3 ± 0.1 MJ/kg, ash content of 7.4 ± 0.2%, and 512.03g/ m3 bulk density. The cow dung used as a binder demonstrated excellent lignin composition and adhesive properties. These properties complied with the specifications outlined by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM E791-08) Standard. Based on the findings, further research is recommended to focus on gas emission analysis and comprehensive ultimate analysis of composite biomass briquettes.
A bidirectional causality between type 2 diabetes and hypertension in Korean general population: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Jeon Jooeun , Jung Keum Ji , Kimm Heejin , Lee Ji-young , Nam Chung-Mo , Jee Sun Ha
Published: September 2023

We deeply validated if the bidirectional causality between type 2 diabetes and hypertension is concordance with a previous Europian study in Korean large biobank. Five MR methods were applied using the weighted genetic risk score from 91 and 68 variants extracted from the genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the large Korean biobank (p-value <1.0×10-8), including a 2-stage least squares (2SLS) regression method, inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, 2 median-based methods (simple and weighted) and MR-Egger were used to assess the bidirectional causal association between fasting blood sugar (FBS) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in the Korean population. Using the 2SLS regression method, we showed that FBS genetically 0.5 mmol/L elevation caused an increased 1.63 mm/Hg SBP (p=0.0070), and genetically determined 10 mm/Hg elevation of SBP caused an increased 0.63 mmol/L FBS (p<0.0001). That bidirectional causal relationship was particularly strong among men. Under the other four methods, bidirectional causality was found also, and there was no horizontal pleiotropy The bidirectional causality different from previous studies between type 2 diabetes and hypertension was proved in the Asian general population, and. The underlying detailed mechanisms remain to be elucidated.
Spectral properties of bursts in therapeutic burst suppression predict successful treatment of refractory status epilepticus
Authors: Gollwitzer Stephanie , Hopfengärtner Rüdiger , Rampp Stefan , Welte Tamara , Madžar Dominik , Lang Johannes , Reindl Caroline , Stritzelberger Jenny , Koehn Julia , Kuramatsu Joji , Schwab Stefan , Huttner Hagen B. , Hamer Hajo
Published: September 2023

Burst suppression (BS) on EEG induced by intravenous anesthesia (IVAT) is standard therapy for refractory status epilepticus (RSE). If BS has any independent therapeutic effect on RSE is disputed. We aimed to define EEG characteristics of BS predicting termination or recurrence of status after weaning. All RSE patients treated with IVAT while undergoing continuous EEG monitoring on the neurological intensive care unit between 2014 and 2019 were screened for inclusion. A one hour-period of visually preselected BS-EEG was analyzed. Bursts were segmented by a special thresholding technique and underwent power spectral analysis. Out of 48 enrolled patients, 25 (52.1%) did not develop seizure recurrence (group Non SE) after weaning from IVAT; in 23 patients (47.9%), SE reestablished (group SE). In group Non SE, bursts contained higher amounts of EEG delta power (91.59% vs 80.53%, p < 0.0001), while faster frequencies were more pronounced in bursts in group SE (theta: 11.38% vs 5.41%, p = 0.0008; alpha: 4.89% vs 1.82%, p < 0.0001; beta: 3.23% vs 1.21%, p = 0.0002). Spectral profiles of individual bursts closely resembled preceding seizure patterns in group SE but not in group Non SE. Accordingly, persistence of spectral composition of initial ictal patterns in bursts, suggests ongoing SE, merely interrupted but not altered by BS. Fast oscillations in bursts indicate a high risk of status recurrence after weaning from IVAT. EEG guided individualized sedation regimes might therefore be superior to standardized anesthesia protocols.
Clinical Visual Outcomes Over a Range of Vision Following Cataract Surgery with Bilateral Implantation of a Hybrid Multifocal and Extended Depth of Focus Intraocular Lens
Authors: Pandit Rahul T
Published: September 2023

Background:
To evaluate binocular visual outcomes, with emphasis on near intermediate vision at 50 cm, in patients undergoing bilateral cataract surgery with implantation of the Synergy hybrid intraocular lens with multifocal and extended depth of focus diffractive optics.
Methods:
A chart review was conducted of all patients undergoing phacoemulsification by a single surgeon with bilateral implantation of a Synergy IOL from August 2021 through March 2023. Primary endpoints were Uncorrected Distance Visual Acuity (UDVA), Uncorrected and Distance-Corrected Near Visual Acuity (UNVA and DCNVA, respectively) at 33 cm, Corrected Distance Visual Acuity (CDVA), and Distance-Corrected Intermediate Visual Acuity at 50 and 66 cm (DCIVA-50 and DCIVA-66, respectively).
Results:
Eighty-six eyes of 43 patients (26 or 60% female, mean age 70 years) were included with a mean followup of 42 days. Mean values for binocular visual acuity were as follows: UDVA 0.01 ± 0.05 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR), UNVA 0.01 ± 0.03 logMAR, CDVA 0.00 ± 0.00 logMAR with a mean spherical equivalent of 0.04 diopters ± 0.22, DCNVA 0.00 ± 0.00 logMAR, DCIVA-50 0.04 ± 0.17 logMAR, and DCIVA-66 0.12 ± 0.07 logMAR.
Conclusions:
The Synergy hybrid IOL achieved excellent visual acuity at a distance of 50 cm, corresponding to many intermediate tasks, as well as distance, intermediate, and near visual acuity at traditionally measured ranges.
Effect of Evening Primrose Oil on Hyperandrogenism Markers in Women With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Authors: Ali Amjed , Javed Marrium , Jabeen Shaista , Farooq Sana , Usman Muhammad , Alarfaji Saleh S , Tanveer Fahad , Zhang Xiao
Published: September 2023

Objective
To evaluate the effect of evening primrose oil on lipid profile, hormonal level and BMI among women suffering from polycystic ovarian syndrome. To evaluate the safety assessment of evening primrose oil among women suffering from polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Methodology:
The study was conducted among 48 participants with a body mass index (BMI) of 25.0–29.9 who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. First, all the participants were divided into two groups: the control group (n = 24) and the treatment group (n = 24). The participants were selected from Shoukat Surgical Hospital Gynecology OPD Wards 1 and 2, Depalpur, District Okara. All the participants in the control and treatment groups were given conventional medicines (as per physician recommendation) and a modified diet plan for 10 weeks, but treatment group participants were also given 1000 mg of Evening primrose oil daily. It was requested that the participants not change their usual exercise routine and refrain from using any additional dietary supplements. The samples for biochemical tests of Luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone, estrogen, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were collected on week 1 and after week 10 of the study.
Results
Both married and unmarried participants were included in the study. The average mean ages of both groups in control and treatment were 30.16 ± 7.174 and 31.36 ± 5.61 respectively. The mean significant difference in BMI pre and post-treatment in the control group was 26.77 ± 1.48 to 23.22 ± 0.87 and in the treatment group 26.95 ± 1.29 to 22.35 ± 1.30. The mean significant difference in LDL from pretreatment 134.6 ± 20.0 to post treatment 90.4 ± 15.1 and total cholesterol level from pretreatment 234.4 ± 27.1 to post treatment 179.9 ± 24.53 in treatment group was observed. A reduction in levels of the hormones FSH, LH and testosterone was observed, while the estrogen level increased after 10 weeks of study. The mean significant difference of hormones LH pre and post treatment (5.96 ± 1.11 to 4.80 ± 1.08), FSH pre and post treatment (3.74 ± 0.67 to 3.45 ± 0.60), testosterone pre and post treatment (3.64 ± 0.79 to 3.59 ± 0.50), and estrogen pre and post treatment (62.41 ± 8.4 to 76.53 ± 8.79).
Conclusion
Evening primrose oil (EPO) showed a significant mean difference in the reduction of BMI in overweight participants (p = 0.000). There is a significant mean difference in LDL, total cholesterol, LH, FSH, testosterone, and estrogen.
Safety and Tissue Remodeling Assay of small intestinal submucosa Meshes Using a Modified Porcine Surgical Hernia Model
Authors: Liu Chenghu , Lin Zhenhua , Ruan Wenting , Gai Xiaoxiao , Qu Qiujin , Wang Changbin , Zhu Fuyu , Sun Xiaoxia , Zhang Jian
Published: September 2023

In studies to date, extracellular matrix (ECM) based meshes have been extensively utilized in clinical applications. Unfortunately, little is known about the function of the immunogenic residual, absorbable profile during the tissue repair process. Moreover, there needs to be a recognized preclinical animal model to investigate the safety and efficacy of extracellular matrix meshes.Herein, we designed and fabricated a kind of SIS mesh followed by a scanning electron micrograph characterization, including α-Gal antigen clearance rate and DNA residual determination. In order to prove the biocompatibility of the SIS mesh, cell viability, chemotaxis assay and local tissue reaction were assessed by MTT and RTCA cytotoxicity test in vitro as well as implantation and degradation experiments in vivo. Furthermore, in the porcine ventral hernia repair investigation, we developed a stable preclinical animal model using laparoscopic plus open hybridization method to evaluate tissue adhesion, explant mechanical performance, and histologic analysis after mesh implantation. More importantly, we for the first time established a semi-quantitative scoring system to examine the ECM degradation, tissue remodeling and regeneration in the modified porcine surgical hernia model.Our results highlight the promising application of the modified porcine ventral hernia model for the safety and efficacy investigation of hernia repair meshes.
The Effect of Medium-term Protection on the Abundance and Diversity of Natural Flora in District Kohat, Pakistan
Authors: Zamin Muhammad , Adnan Muhammad , Begum Shaheen , Murad Waheed , Khan Sardar
Published: September 2023

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of human disturbances on plant abundance and diversity and to suggest conservation measures in District Kohat, Pakistan. A total of 25 plots were randomly selected for each type of land-use to assess the ecological status, plant abundance, and plant diversity. Overall, 67 plant species were reported, including 39, 18, and 10 herbs, shrubs, and trees, respectively. In trees, Sideroxylon mascatense (A. DC.) T.D. Penn., Olea europaea L., Dalbergia sissoo DC., and Acacia modestaWall., had significantly higher basal area, diameter at breast height and diversity indices. As for shrub species, Withania coagulans (Stocks) Dunal, Gymnosporia royleana Wall. ex M.A. Lawson, and Rhazya stricta Decne., had the highest species density. Data regarding herb species showed that Euphorbia serrata L., Sonchus arvensis L., Peganum harmala L., and Amaranthus viridis L., have attained maximum diversity and coverage. As per the IUCN red list, W. coagulans(critically endangered) and G. royleana (nearly threatened) along with other species of international, national, and local importance were disappearing from the unprotected area. In conclusion, the protected area exhibits a higher abundance and diversity of plants compared to unprotected area, highlighting the positive impact of conservation efforts on ecological richness.
The Influence of Floss Band Application on Squat Jump Performance Metrics of Professional Skateboarding Riders
Authors: Kabelis-Szostakowski Łukasz , Gabryś Tomasz , Palacz Roman , Yagin Fatma Hilal
Published: September 2023

Background: Skateboarding is gaining popularity worldwide. Surprisingly, there is still a lack of research into the various forms of enhancing training and starting capabilities among athletes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of floss band applications on changes in parameters measured during the squat jump test.
Methods: Fifteen professional skateboarders between the ages of 15 and 20 were included in the study. After obtaining parental consent, the participants completed a questionnaire and were instructed to apply the floss bands and perform test on the EZE JUMP platform, which recorded flight time, power and jump height. Each athlete performed three attempts at the squat jump test separated by 1 minute breaks. Then according to their own protocol the athletes had the floss tapes tied on their thighs they performed 15 squats and jogged a distance of 20m, the whole activity was repeated in three series. At the end of the protocol the tapes were removed and the athletes repeated the squat jump test on the platform :immediately after the tapes were removed, 3 minutes after, 6 minutes, 9 minutes, 12, and 15 minutes after. The participants were aged 17.5 ± 2.5 and declared a training experience of riding the board between 7 and 12 years.
Results:The results of the test showed a significant improvement in both jump height, and power with straps, while the flight time remained the same. These results may be of relevance to coaches working to improve performance in skateboarding.
Conclusion: How best to use and implement the use of floss tape in skateboarding?
The Impact of Self-Care and Distress on Diabetic Patients in Lebanon During the Multiple Crisis
Authors: Nasr Ramona , Swaidan Eman , Haddad Chadia , Jre Wissam , Karam Joanne
Published: September 2023

Background
Diabetes is a major health and economic concern on a global scale. This study focuses on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and its association with self-care practices and emotional distress. T2DM is recognized as a priority noncommunicable disease, associated with increased premature death rates.
Methodology:
The study used a quantitative research methodology, collecting data through an online survey disseminated via social media with a total of 426 participants diagnosed with T2D to investigate the impact of self-care and distress on diabetic patients in Lebanon during a period of multiple crises. The study analyzed the participants' sociodemographic characteristics, diabetes distress, self-care activities, and physical activity levels.
Results
The results show insufficient self-care practices in different areas, with emotional distress and lack of physician support negatively impacting self-care. There was a positive association between physical activity and self-care practices. Education and family history of diabetes also influenced self-care.
Conclusion
Given the economic and healthcare challenges in Lebanon, the study highlights the need for tailored interventions to address diabetes distress and encourage self-care activities. Telemedicine, behavioral strategies, and psychosocial interventions are recommended to enhance diabetes management. In summary, this research offers valuable insights into the challenges faced by diabetic patients in times of multiple crises, highlighting the importance of comprehensive support mechanisms and interventions.
NPT100-18A reduces mitochondrial oxidative stress and rescues neuronal cell death in a human iPSC-based model of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Alecu Julian E. , Sigutova Veronika , Brazdis Razvan-Marius , Loerentz Sandra , Bogionko Marios , Nursaitova Anara , Regensburger Martin , Roybon Laurent , Galler Kerstin M. , Wrasidlo Wolfgang , Winner Beate , Prots Iryna
Published: September 2023

Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by protein aggregates mostly consisting of misfolded alpha-synuclein (αSyn). Progressive degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic neurons (mDANs) and nigrostriatal projections result in severe motor symptoms. While the preferential loss of mDANs has not been fully understood yet, the cell type-specific vulnerability has been linked to a unique intracellular milieu, influenced by dopamine metabolism, high demand for mitochondrial activity, and increased level of oxidative stress (OS). These factors have been shown to adversely impact αSyn aggregation. Reciprocally, αSyn aggregates, in particular oligomers, can impair mitochondrial functions and exacerbate OS. Recent drug-discovery studies have identified a series of small molecules including NPT100-18A, which reduce αSyn oligomerization by preventing misfolding and dimerization. NPT100-18A and structurally similar compounds (such as NPT200-11/UCB0599, currently being assessed in clinical studies) point towards a promising new approach for disease-modification.Methods Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived mDANs from PD patients with a monoallelic SNCA locus duplication and unaffected controls were treated with NPT100-18A. αSyn aggregation was evaluated biochemically and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were assessed in living mDANs using fluorescent dyes. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentrations were measured using a luminescence-based assay and neuronal cell death was evaluated by immunocytochemistry.Results Compared to controls, patient-derived mDANs exhibited increased αSyn aggregation, higher overall ROS levels, reduced ATP concentrations, and increased neuronal cell death. NPT100-18A-treatment rescued αSyn aggregation and neuronal cell death to control levels and importantly attenuated mitochondrial oxidative stress in a compartment-specific manner.Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that NPT100-18A limits αSyn aggregation and associated neurodegeneration in a human in vitro model of PD. In addition, we provide a first mechanistic insight into how a compartment-specific antioxidant effect in mitochondria might contribute to the neuroprotective effects of NPT100-18A.
Green Space and Water Body Supports Bird Species Diversity Across Urban Parks in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Authors: Khiruddin Fudzla Zulfa , Mansor Mohammad Saiful
Published: September 2023

Urbanisation growth is very rapid worldwide, where more than half of the population live in urban areas. The development of infrastructures to comply with dense population in cities has threatened the biodiversity in urban areas. Bird communities are important in maintaining biodiversity as they are very sensitive to any change in the environment. However, their numbers have decreased as more of native vegetations were destroyed. Urban researchers have been focusing on the landscape matrix in urban parks as a way to conserve bird diversity in urban areas. However, studies on the area are still scarce. In this study, we aim to identify the landscape attributes that influence bird diversity in urban parks. we have recorded a total of 537 individuals from 46 species and 24 families from three urban parks (Taman Tasik Permaisuri, Taman Pudu Ulu and Taman Datuk Keramat). Five landscape attributes that could potentially affect the avian diversity in urban parks have been shortlisted. The multiple regression found that green spaces and water bodies attributes play important roles that influence avian species richness and abundance in urban parks of Kuala Lumpur. We also proved that the landscape attributes of urban park are more important that its size in increasing bird composition and diversity. Further studies can be done on more landscape attributes that can contribute to a better planning and development of functional urban parks for urban conservation.