bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adapting Adolescent Dating Violence Prevention Interventions to Victims of Child Sexual Abuse
Authors: Brodeur Geneviève , Fernet Mylène , Hébert Martine , Wekerle Christine
Published: September 2022

Considering the increased risk of revictimization, adolescents who have experienced child sexual abuse (CSA) are a priority subpopulation for the prevention of dating violence. Yet, intervention programs often focus on psychological symptomology associated with CSA; few tackle issues specific to relational violence. Addressing the relational traumatization of adolescents with a history of CSA is essential to prevent their revictimization. Given specific CSA sequelae related to intimacy and engagement in sexual behaviors, there is a need for tailoring interventions to boy and girl survivors. A case study of a group intervention designed for adolescent girls with a history of CSA was conducted. The context adaptation, based on intervention mapping proposed by Bartholomew and colleagues, served as a theoretical framework. Four steps were taken to ensure that the intervention addressed CSA youth needs: (a) needs assessment, (b) analysis of the conceptual framework of the original program, (c) selection of interventions and developing new interventions, and (d) validation with a committee of practitioners. This approach provided an understanding of risk factors and intervention priorities using the problem logic model. The original program was enhanced by adding four interventions addressing the prevention of dating violence. These interventions were then validated by practitioners before implementation in the setting. The approach underscores the relevance of understanding the needs of the clientele and of adopting a collaborative approach to ensure the proposed interventions are relevant.
Long-Term Outcomes of Nonoperative and Surgical Management of Paget-Schroetter Syndrome
Authors: Hoexum Frank , Jongkind Vincent , Coveliers Hans M. E. , Wisselink Willem , Yeung Kak Khee
Published: September 2022

Purpose:

In Paget-Schroetter Syndrome (PSS), subclavian vein thrombosis is caused by external compression of the subclavian vein at the costoclavicular junction. Paget-Schroetter Syndrome can be treated nonoperatively, surgically, or with a combination of treatments. Nonoperative management consists, in most cases, of anticoagulation (AC) or catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT). With surgical management, decompression of the subclavian vein is performed by resection of the first rib. No prospective randomized trials are available to determine whether nonoperative or surgical management is superior. We report our long-term outcomes of both nonoperative and surgically treated patients.

Materials and Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed all patients with PSS who were treated between January 1990 and December 2015. Patients were divided based on primary nonoperative or primary surgical therapy. Long-term outcomes regarding functional outcomes were assessed by questionnaires using the “Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand” (DASH) questionnaire, a modified Villalta score, and a disease-specific question regarding lifestyle changes.

Results:

In total, 91 patients (95 limbs) were included. Seventy patients (73 limbs) were treated nonoperatively and 21 patients (22 limbs) surgically. Questionnaires were returned by 67 patients (70 limbs). The mean follow-up was 184 months (range, 43–459 months). All functional outcomes were better in the surgical group compared with the nonoperatively treated group (DASH general 3.11 vs 9.86; DASH work 0.35 vs 11.47; DASH sport 5.85 vs 17.98, and modified Villalta score 1.11 vs 3.20 points). Surgically treated patients were more likely to be able to continue their original lifestyle and sports activities (84% vs 40%, p=0.005). Patients with recurrence of thrombosis or the need for surgical intervention after primary nonoperative management reported worse functional outcomes.

Conclusion:

Surgical management of PSS with immediate CDT followed by first rib resection leads to excellent functional outcomes with low risk of complications. The results of nonoperative management in our non-matched retrospective comparative series were satisfactory, but resulted in worse functional outcomes and more patients needing to adjust their lifestyle compared with surgically treated patients.

Clinical Impact

Patients with Paget-Schroetter Syndrome and their attending physicians are burdened by the lack of evidence concerning the optimal treatment of this entity. Case series comparing the outcomes of non-operative treatment with surgical treatment are scarce and often not focussed on functional outcomes. Data from this series can aid in the shared decision making after diagnosis of Paget-Schroetter Syndrome. Functional outcomes of non-operative management can be satisfying although high demand patient who are not willing to alter their daily activities are probably better off with surgical management.
The State of the Science on Adverse Childhood Experiences
Authors: Rothman Emily F. , Lynch Amy K.
Published: September 2022

The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) study was conducted to advance understanding of psychological trauma in early life as a possible determinant of adult health. In the past decade, there has been a movement to use the ACEs research questionnaire in a variety of clinical settings to screen individuals and assess their trauma score. But critics argue that the ACEs questionnaire was never intended to be used for individual-level screening, and even that harm can be done by using the questionnaire for this purpose. In the meantime, researchers have developed a protective factor questionnaire that they call the “Positive Childhood Experiences” (PCEs) survey that captures experiences that predict trauma resilience. The objective of this article is to explain the history of the ACEs questionnaire, the current controversy about its use for screening, the emergence of the concept of PCEs, and implications for occupational therapy practitioners and researchers.
Multiple-Case Study Exploration of an Occupational Perspective in a Persistent Pain Clinic
Authors: Tonkin Kate , Gustafsson Louise , Deen Michael , Broadbridge Jacqui
Published: September 2022

There is growing interest in an occupational perspective when working with people experiencing chronic pain. The Activity Card Sort Australia (18-64) is a client-centered and occupation-centered tool that has not been explored with this population. The aim of this study was to explore the process and experience of completing the ACS-Aus (18-64) with people experiencing chronic pain. This observational multiple-case study included video and audio-recordings of three participants (one male, one female, one nonbinary) completing the ACS-Aus (18-64) and semi-structured interviews at 1-week follow-up. Findings The findings for the process included two themes: the interaction (understanding engagement, therapeutic relationship and rapport, motivational interviewing) and the card sort (storytelling and reminiscing, identifying gaps and possibilities, categorizing and grouping cards). Occupational narratives of participants were developed from the experience. The ACS-Aus (18-64) supported participants to re-engage with their occupational selves and imagine future occupational engagement. Longitudinal studies are required to explore outcomes.
Digital Leadership: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Tigre Fernanda Bethlem , Curado Carla , Henriques Paulo Lopes
Published: September 2022

Digital disruption has changed organizations in an unprecedented way. The thriving field of digital leadership is expanding fast and few retrospective studies on this evolution have been made so far. This study presents a bibliometric and network analysis combining both Scopus and Web of Science databases to provide fresh insights into the evolution of the digital leadership research field. This study is based on a review of 79 publications from 57 journals, published between 2000 and 2020. The newness of the topic and the range of journals in which it is published confirms that digital leadership has gained interest from several different areas. Bibliometric analysis provides a description of the research field identifying the leading publishing journals, affiliation statistics, and most influential authors and expressive publications in the research field. Network analyses identify keyword evolution over time, co-citation relationships, and research clusters. Content analysis is used to identify key topics in the field with attention paid to interrelations among them. A brief description of each paper in the dataset and its methodological approach is provided. The results suggest that the topic will continue to attract more research, as it has not yet entered its maturity stage. This paper contributes to the literature by analyzing the relationship between digital leadership and e-leadership. This study also identifies the most leading digital leadership capabilities for a fast-changing world. Limitations and future avenues are also discussed.
A depth-controlled and energy-efficient routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks
Authors: Lilhore Umesh Kumar , Khalaf Osamah Ibrahim , Simaiya Sarita , Tavera Romero Carlos Andrés , Abdulsahib Ghaida Muttashar , M Poongodi , Kumar Dinesh
Published: September 2022

Underwater wireless sensor network attracted massive attention from researchers. In underwater wireless sensor network, many sensor nodes are distributed at different depths in the sea. Due to its complex nature, updating their location or adding new devices is pretty challenging. Due to the constraints on energy storage of underwater wireless sensor network end devices and the complexity of repairing or recharging the device underwater, this is highly significant to strengthen the energy performance of underwater wireless sensor network. An imbalance in power consumption can cause poor performance and a limited network lifetime. To overcome these issues, we propose a depth controlled with energy-balanced routing protocol, which will be able to adjust the depth of lower energy nodes and be able to swap the lower energy nodes with higher energy nodes to ensure consistent energy utilization. The proposed energy-efficient routing protocol is based on an enhanced genetic algorithm and data fusion technique. In the proposed energy-efficient routing protocol, an existing genetic algorithm is enhanced by adding an encoding strategy, a crossover procedure, and an improved mutation operation that helps determine the nodes. The proposed model also utilized an enhanced back propagation neural network for data fusion operation, which is based on multi-hop system and also operates a highly optimized momentum technique, which helps to choose only optimum energy nodes and avoid duplicate selections that help to improve the overall energy and further reduce the quantity of data transmission. In the proposed energy-efficient routing protocol, an enhanced cluster head node is used to select a strategy that can analyze the remaining energy and directions of each participating node. In the simulation, the proposed model achieves 86.7% packet delivery ratio, 12.6% energy consumption, and 10.5% packet drop ratio over existing depth-based routing and energy-efficient depth-based routing methods for underwater wireless sensor network.
Expression Analysis of miRNAs and Their Potential Role as Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer Detection
Authors: Bergez-Hernández Fernando , Arámbula-Meraz Eliakym , Alvarez-Arrazola Marco , Irigoyen-Arredondo Martín , Luque-Ortega Fred , Martínez-Camberos Alejandra , Cedano-Prieto Dora , Contreras-Gutiérrez José , Martínez-Valenzuela Carmen , García-Magallanes Noemí
Published: September 2022

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequent cancer diagnosed in men worldwide. The detection methods for PCa are either unreliable, like prostate-specific antigen (PSA), or extremely invasive, such as in the case of biopsies. Therefore, there is an urgent necessity for reliable and less invasive detection procedures that can differentiate between patients with benign diseases and those with cancer. In this matter, microRNAs (miRNAs) are suggested as potential biomarkers for cancer. MiRNAs have been found to be dysregulated in several different cancers, and these genetic alterations may present specific signatures for a given malignancy. Here, we examined the expression of miR141-3p, miR145-5p, miR146a-5p, and miR148b-3p in human tissue samples of PCa ( n = 41) and benign prostatic diseases (BPD) ( n = 30) using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). We combined the expression results with patient clinicopathological characteristics in logistic regression models to create accurate PCa predictive models. A model including information of miR148b-3p and patient age showed relevant prediction results (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.818, precision = 0.763, specificity = 0.762, and accuracy = 0.762). A model including all four miRNAs and patient age presented outstanding prediction results (AUC = 0.918, precision = 0.861, specificity = 0.861, and accuracy = 0.857). Our results represent a potential novel procedure based on logistic regression models that utilize miRNA expressions and patient age to assist with PCa diagnosis.
Hydro-Distilled and Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Essential Oil: Characterization of Bioactives Along With Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities
Authors: Abbas Ali , Anwar Farooq , Alqahtani Safar M. , Ahmad Naveed , Al-Mijalli Samiah H. , Shahid Muhammad , Iqbal Munawar
Published: September 2022

Present research work evaluates variation in volatile chemicals profile and biological activities of essential oil (EO) obtained from the leaves of eucalyptus ( Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.) using hydro-distillation (HD) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). The yield (1.32%) of volatile oil by HD was higher than the yield (.52%) of the SFE method ( P < .05). The results of physical factors like density, color, refractive index, and solubility of the EOs produced by both the methods showed insignificant variations. Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) compositional analysis showed that eucalyptol (31.10% and 30.43%) and α-pinene (11.02% and 10.35%) were the main constituents detected in SFE and HD extracted Eucalyptus camaldulensis EO, respectively. Antioxidant activity-related parameters, such as reducing ability and DPPH free radical scavenging capability exhibited by EO obtained via SFE were noted to be better than hydro-distilled EO. Supercritical fluid extracted and hydro-distilled essential oils demonstrated a considerable but variable antimicrobial potential against selected bacterial and fungal strains. Interestingly, oil extracted by SFE showed relatively higher hemolytic activity and biofilm inhibition potential. The variation in biological activities of tested EOs can be linked to the difference in the volatile bioactives composition due to different isolation techniques. In conclusion, the EO obtained from Eucalyptus leaves by the SFE method can be explored as a potential antioxidant and antimicrobial agent in the functional food and nutra-pharmaceutical sector.
Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Phytochemical and FTIR Analysis of Peganum harmala (Fruit) Ethanolic Extract From Cholistan Desert, Pakistan
Authors: Shaheen Ghazala , Ashfaq Arslan , Shamim Tahira , Asif Hafiz Muhammad , Ali Akhtar , Rehman Sajid-ur- , Sumreen Laila
Published: September 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of Peganum harmala fruit. Ethanolic extract was prepared and phytochemical screening showed the presence of a lot of chemical compounds. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra indicated the presence of organic acids, hydroxyl and phenolic compounds, amino groups, aliphatic compounds, and functional groups such as amide, ketone, aldehyde, aromatics, and halogen compounds. Antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract of P. harmala by the DPPH method showed 71.4% inhibition, whereas IC50 ± SEM (μg/mL) was .406 ± .11. Antibacterial activity was performed against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumilus, Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bordetella bronchiseptica. Maximum antibacterial activity was exhibited by Bacillus subtilis (24.33 ± 2 mm) and Bacillus pumilus (23.33 ± 2 mm). Zone of inhibition was 19 ± 2 mm by P. aeruginosa, and it was 18.33 ± 2 mm by Bordetella bronchiseptica. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis had inhibitory effect in the range of 12.33 ± 2 mm and 13.66 ± 3 mm, respectively. 11.66 ± 2 mm and 10 ± 2 mm was zone of inhibition by Micrococcus luteus and E. coli, respectively. Antifungal activity was performed against Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans. Ethanolic extract of P. harmala showed antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus (5 ± 1 mm) and Candida albicans (4 ± 1 mm) . Mild antifungal activity was reported by Aspergillus fumigatus ( 3 ± 1 mm), whereas no activity was exhibited by Aspergillus terreus. Further research is needed in order to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of P. harmala as well.
Tailoring Strength Training Prescriptions for People with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Scoping Review
Authors: Wu Michael L. , Ma Jasmin K. , Tsui Karen , Hoens Alison M. , Li Linda C.
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Prescribing strength training (ST) for people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is complicated by factors (barriers and facilitators) that affect participation. It is unclear whether guidelines include recommendations beyond prescription parameters (frequency, intensity, time, type, volume, and progression) and adequately incorporate participation factors tailored to people with RA. Objective: To summarize available recommendations to aid in the tailoring of ST prescriptions for people with RA. Methods: Medline, Embase, and CINAHL databases and gray literature were searched for guidelines, recommendations, and review articles containing ST prescription recommendations for RA. Article screening and data extraction were performed in duplicate by two reviewers. Results: Twenty-seven articles met the inclusion criteria. The recommendations address RA-specific ST participation factors including: knowledge gaps (of equipment, ST benefits, disease), memory problems, the management of joint deformity, comorbidity, the fluctuating nature of the disease and symptoms (pain, stiffness, flares), fear avoidance, motivation, need for referral to other professionals, and provision of RA-specific resources. Conclusion: This review summarizes recommendations for tailoring ST prescriptions for people with RA. Future research is required to understand how pain, symptom assessment, and unaddressed ST participation factors like sleep and medication side effects can be addressed to support ST participation amongst people with RA.
Which are the optimal thromboprophylaxis strategies for hospitalized patients with COVID-19? current controversies
Authors: Porres-Aguilar Mateo , Mukherjee Debabrata , Didia S. Claudia , Lazo-Langner Alejandro
Published: September 2022

Novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) represents a significant risk factor for the development of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in hospitalized with both moderate and severe/critical COVID-19. Herein, we present a brief updated review on emerging robust data on diverse thromboprophylaxis strategies used to mitigate VTE complications, as well as a personal point of view of current controversies in regards the use of therapeutic and prophylactic anticoagulation strategies, particularly in the moderately-ill subgroup of patients with COVID-19.
The influence of sustainability knowledge and attitude on sustainable intention and behaviour of Malaysian and Indonesian undergraduate students
Authors: Mohamad Saleh Mohamad Saifudin , Mehellou Ali , Huang Miao , Briandana Rizki
Published: September 2022

The study aims to examine Malaysian and Indonesian undergraduate students’ sustainability knowledge and sustainable attitudes and the impact on their sustainability intention and sustainable behaviour. An online survey was conducted using 953 respondents. The SmartPLS (Partial Least Squares) analysis demonstrated that sustainability knowledge and sustainable attitude significantly impact the students’ sustainability intention. Nevertheless, the effect of sustainability knowledge was less than the sustainable attitude. The results confirmed that sustainability intention is important to influence sustainable behaviour among university students. Interestingly, Malaysian undergraduate students recorded higher effect levels of sustainability knowledge and attitude on sustainable intention and sustainability intention on sustainable behaviour compared to Indonesian students.
‘The voice of an oracle’: Little Nell and the art of ‘enacting the persona of the doctor’
Authors: Cooper Maxwell
Published: September 2022

Medical humanities have long been promoted as a means for trainees and doctors to gain deeper understanding of patients, illness and professionalism. In practice, teaching on medical humanities – while valuable –struggles to connect such learning to the realities of the clinical workplace and patient encounters. The solution to this shortcoming lies in recognising ‘soft’, but clinically relevant, concepts that operate within consultations. These concepts are, in fact, best revealed through literary and historic accounts of doctors, patients and illness. Such a vignette is Dickens’ parody of Victorian physicians in the shape of the doctor who visits Little Nell in his book the Old Curiosity Shop. By taking prescription and technology out of the encounter, Dicken’s parody lays bare ‘soft’ elements that constitute the art of ‘enacting the persona of the doctor’. Medical humanities in general (and literature in particular) constitute a valuable tool for teaching the place of performance and the power of human qualities in the consultation. This ‘old fashioned’ professionalism should be a foundation to every formation in clinical medicine.
What is it that we still don’t get? – Relational pedagogy and why relationships and connections matter in early childhood
Authors: Cliffe Johanna , Solvason Carla
Published: September 2022

Within this literature-based article the authors consider the importance and power of relationships, within the field of early years education and care (ECEC). Drawing on the lenses of attachment and development theory, alongside current literature and research, the authors critically explore the significance of relationships in child development, including the crucial role that they play in general physical and emotional health and development, as well as more long-term mental health and wellbeing. Children’s relational worlds have recently been challenged by the pandemic and subsequent lockdowns, social isolation and safety measures. This article argues that while the full implications of the pandemic have yet to be realised, the relational implications for children are more important than ever before. Dominant discourses regarding attachment and early bonding are discussed, alongside the lesser explored discourses around companionship attachment and how this connects to relational pedagogy, and wider notions of genetic heritage and ecocultural literacy.
Microhabitat selection of blue eared pheasant (Crossoptilon auritum) during breeding period in Helan Mountains, China
Authors: Li Zong-zhi , Pang Bo , Yao Zhi-cheng , Mi Shu-hui , Liu Zhen-sheng , Teng Li-wei
Published: September 2022

Habitat degradation and fragmentation are crucial factors which result in biodiversity loss among the world. Understanding how species respond to the habitat change is helpful and essential for the conservation of the endangered ones. Therefore, the aim of current study is to explore how to carry out biodiversity conservation from the perspective of the habitat selection of species. We studied the microhabitat selection of blue eared pheasant ( Crossoptilon auritum) during its breeding time (including mating, incubation, and feeding periods). The field research was carried out from April to August in 2014 at Helan Mountains, China. Six nests of blue eared pheasants were found; 323 used plots and 171 control plots were recorded. Results indicated that blue eared pheasants prefer mountainous coniferous forest at shady slope with domination of Picea crassifolia, and its habitat selection was mainly influenced by shrub density, tree density, altitude, slope degree, hiding cover, water resource, and human disturbance. However, there were slight differences among the three periods. Our study firstly compared factors that affect the microhabitat selection of blue eared pheasants among the three periods of its breeding time. Meanwhile, combining the current study with the previous ones, specific strategies could be applied on the works of endangered species and biodiversity conservation.
Rockwood type III is the most common type of acromioclavicular joint dislocation: A prospective cohort study investigating the incidence and epidemiology of acute acromioclavicular joint dislocations in an urban population
Authors: Haugaard Kristine Bramsen , Bak Klaus , Seem Kristoffer , Hölmich Per , Barfod Kristoffer Weisskirchner
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocations are common, but basic epidemiological features and sub-classification are not well investigated. The aim of the study was to investigate the incidence and epidemiology of acute AC joint dislocations in the capital region of Denmark.

Methods

All patients with acute AC joint dislocation admitted to the emergency departments at 3 University Hospitals serving a population of 549,225 residents were prospectively registered from January to December 2019. Patients with trauma to the shoulder, pain from the AC joint and increased coracoclavicular distance on radiographs were included and classified according to Rockwood's classification. Data on age, sex and mechanism of injury were registered.

Results

A total of 106 patients, male:female ratio 8.6:1, were included. Rockwood type III was most common accounting for 59/106(55.7%) of the injuries. The incidence was 19.3 per 100,000 person-years at risk (PYRS). The age distribution was bimodal peaking at the ages of 20–24 and 55–59 years. The most common mechanism of injury was sports, 80/106, with cycling accounting for 51/106.

Discussion/Conclusion

Rockwood type III was the most common type of AC joint dislocation constituting 55.7% of the injuries. The incidence was 19.3 per 100,000 PYRS. Young and middle-aged males were at highest risk and most injuries occurred during sports.
What to watch: Practical considerations and strategies for using YouTube for research
Authors: Sui Wuyou , Sui Anna , Rhodes Ryan E
Published: September 2022

YouTube is the second-most visited webpage in the world and boasts over 2 billion users and 500 h of videos uploaded every hour. Despite this popularity, relatively few articles have discussed the practical use of searching and YouTube as a research tool and source of data. The purpose of our paper is to propose a step-by-step schematic for utilizing the YouTube platform. Our discussions include (a) when/whether to use YouTube for research; (b) selecting an appropriate research design; (c) how to search for YouTube data; (d) what data can be pulled from YouTube; and (e) the contextual limitations for interpreting YouTube data. Further, we provide practical strategies and considerations when searching, collecting, or interpreting YouTube data. These discussions are informed by our own work using the YouTube platform. Effective methods used to search for YouTube data are likely to extend beyond simply searching the platform itself; the search strategy and search results themselves should also be documented. While not exhaustive, we feel these considerations and strategies present themselves as a conceptual foothold for future research using the YouTube platform.
Contemporary Approaches to Peripheral Nerve Surgery
Authors: Doherty Christopher , Brown Erin , Berger Michael , Seal Alexander , Tang David , Chandler Rowan , Bristol Sean
Published: September 2022

“State of the Art” Learning Objectives: This manuscript serves to provide the reader with a general overview of the contemporary approaches to peripheral nerve reconstruction as the field has undergone considerable advancement over the last 3 decades. The learning objectives are as follows: To provide the reader with a brief history of peripheral nerve surgery and some of the landmark developments that allow for current peripheral nerve care practices. To outline the considerations and management options for the care of patients with brachial plexopathy, spinal cord injury, and lower extremity peripheral nerve injury. Highlight contemporary surgical techniques to address terminal neuroma and phantom limb pain. Review progressive and future procedures in peripheral nerve care, such as supercharge end-to-side nerve transfers. Discuss rehabilitation techniques for peripheral nerve care.
Impact of COVID-19 on Women Who Are Refugees and Mothering: A Critical Ethnographic Study
Authors: Hirani Shela Akbar Ali , Wagner Joan
Published: September 2022

Refugee women often experience trauma and social disconnection in a new country and are at risk of experiencing reduced physical, mental, and emotional well-being. Globally, COVID-19 has affected the health and well-being of the population at large. This critical ethnographic study aimed to explore the effects of COVID-19 on women who are refugees and mothering in Saskatchewan, Canada. In-depth interviews were undertaken with 27 women who are refugees and mothering young children aged 2 years and under. This study suggests that during COVID-19, refugee women are at high risk of experiencing add-on stressors due to isolation, difficulty in accessing health care, COVID-19-related restrictions in hospitals, limited follow-up care, limited social support, financial difficulties, and compromised nutrition. During COVID-19, collaborative efforts by nurses, other health-care professionals, and governmental and non-governmental organizations are essential to provide need-based mental health support, skills-building programs, nutritional counseling, and follow-up care to this vulnerable group.
An Interpretive Description of Sociocultural Influences on Diabetes Self-Management Support in Nigeria
Authors: Iregbu Sandra Chinwe , Duggleby Wendy , Spiers Jude , Salami Bukola
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study is to explore how Nigeria’s social and cultural environment influences professional diabetes self-management support practices. This interpretive descriptive study is based on two diabetes clinics in southeastern Nigeria. Nineteen healthcare providers, including nurses, were purposely selected and engaged in participant observation and interviews. Concurrent data generation and analysis facilitated iterative constant comparative analysis. Findings show significant factors influencing diabetes self-management support include belief in the supernatural origin of diabetes, individual–family interdependence, myths and limited understanding of diabetes, lack of health insurance, poverty, and the rigidity of a hierarchical acute care model of diabetes services. Thus, there is an urgent need to adapt diabetes self-management support strategies to fit people’s contexts. By doing so, specific challenges in the healthcare system can directly be addressed while capitalizing on identified strengths and adapting select strategies that constructively foster person-centered and culturally appropriate care.
Expelled from the garden? Understanding the dynamics of green gentrification in Vancouver, British Columbia
Authors: Sax Daniel L , Nesbitt Lorien , Hagerman Shannon
Published: September 2022

There is substantial evidence detailing the ecological and social benefits provided through urban greening. However, research in the field of urban green equity has revealed that these benefits are not enjoyed equitably by all residents; existing disparities in the distribution, accessibility, and experience of urban greening disproportionately affect historically marginalized communities and residents. Furthermore, green gentrification scholarship has indicated that instances of urban greening intended to rectify inequities, can contribute to or elicit shifts in property values, encouraging speculative commercial and retail investment, disrupting existing socio-spatial relationships, and threatening the housing security of residents. Although there is consensus on this general characterization of green gentrification, many questions remain concerning the relationships between urban residents engaged in small-scale urban greening and the perpetuation of green gentrification outcomes. Contributing to this line of inquiry, we present a case study of an urban farm operating in Vancouver, Canada, facing displacement due to the redevelopment of its current site. Our results from the study illuminate the contradictory position in which urban residents practicing urban greening are sometimes placed—both implicated in and impacted by green gentrification processes. We present a review of our case study to highlight the power dynamics that farm members must navigate in the effort to preserve their access to land and continue their farming practice. Then, we discuss the farm's role as a consultant for the redevelopment process, exploring how its vision, mission, and identity have been co-opted by development agents and used as a branding tool to promote and support the public perception of the redevelopment. Our findings offer insight into novel relationships between urban agriculture, large-scale redevelopment, and green gentrification. What's more, they contribute to existing discourse concerning the limitations of development processes to account for the risks of green gentrification.
Features of incident reports that prompt reviewer feedback and organisational change: A retrospective review
Authors: Shanmuga Anandan Aathavan , Johnson David
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Identifying and recording system failures through incident reporting and enacting appropriate preventative change improves patient outcomes. This study identified the characteristics of a hospital incident report, based on severity of incident (Safety Assessment Code (SAC)) score, classification of report and reporter occupation, that prompted reviewer feedback and stimulated organisational change.

Methods

Incident reports registered within the RiskMan data repository between January to December 2020 were collated. During the 12-month period, a total of 2250 reports were recorded within the data repository. Feedback was provided for 71 of these reports, with 19 of these reports constituting organisational change.

Results

Four key findings were determined by the study. Deterioration was the most likely classification of the incident report to receive feedback, as well as feedback of organisational change. SAC 1 reports were significantly more likely to receive feedback than SAC 3 & 4. There was no significant difference in receiving organisational change feedback between SAC 1 and SAC 2. Incident reports by ‘medical’ staff were significantly more likely to receive feedback than ‘nursing’, ‘admin’, and ‘other’ occupations.

Conclusions

This study identified characteristics of incident reporting that result in organisational change recommendations. The small number of incident reports that received feedback is an area for improvement in this clinical site. Understanding the nature of the incident reports that are prioritised when making organisational change can shed light on further areas for improvement. Future investigations could examine which recommendations were implemented, as well as evaluate the barriers and enablers to executing change.
The wisdom of crowds versus the madness of mobs: An evolutionary model of bias, polarization, and other challenges to collective intelligence
Authors: Lo Andrew W , Zhang Ruixun
Published: September 2022

Despite its success in financial markets and other domains, collective intelligence seems to fall short in many critical contexts, including infrequent but repeated financial crises, political polarization and deadlock, and various forms of bias and discrimination. We propose an evolutionary framework that provides fundamental insights into the role of heterogeneity and feedback loops in contributing to failures of collective intelligence. The framework is based on a binary choice model of behavior that affects fitness; hence, behavior is shaped by evolutionary dynamics and stochastic changes in environmental conditions. We derive collective intelligence as an emergent property of evolution in this framework, and also specify conditions under which it fails. We find that political polarization emerges in stochastic environments with reproductive risks that are correlated across individuals. Bias and discrimination emerge when individuals incorrectly attribute random adverse events to observable features that may have nothing to do with those events. In addition, path dependence and negative feedback in evolution may lead to even stronger biases and levels of discrimination, which are locally evolutionarily stable strategies. These results suggest potential policy interventions to prevent such failures by nudging the “madness of mobs” towards the “wisdom of crowds” through targeted shifts in the environment.
Utilizing Simulation as a Means to Teach Diagnostic Medical Sonography: A Multi-Site Discipline-Based Educational Research Project
Authors: Evans Kevin D. , Mohammad Sundus H. , Stigall-Weikle Nicole , Yang Qian , Sommerich Carolyn M.
Published: September 2022

Objective:

This discipline-based educational research (DBER) project was designed to longitudinally study the influence of high-fidelity computer-based sonography simulators (HFCBSSs) on student learning. The research question was: Can the implementation of HFCBSS improve clinical skills for sonography students, beyond traditional methods?

Materials and Methods:

HFCBSSs were shipped to three educational sites for implementation. A quasi-experimental design was utilized across the three educational sites. Educational materials, simulator guides, and assessment templates were developed for implementation. The educational sites revised their standard curricula to allow for students to develop skills with HFCBSS, low-fidelity simulation (e.g. phantoms), and sonographic evaluation of peer classmates. A control group of graduating sonography students was assessed having no HFCBSS experience. Those assessment scores were used as an educational threshold. Successive cohorts of students across the educational sites were assessed as they progressed through their first year.

Results:

First-year sonography students, exposed to the revised simulation curricula, demonstrated higher median assessment scores, on most sonographic examinations, than the control-group student scores. Those student cohorts that were exposed to the revised simulation curricula but demonstrated a lower median assessment score were remediated to make sure they were ready for clinical placement. Students, across all three educational sites, rated their experience with the HFCBSS as second only to gaining patient examinations in their sonography clinical placements.

Conclusion:

This educational research project spanned three educational sites, with varied curricula, but it did demonstrate HFCBSS is a useful and effective educational tool. It also demonstrated how preclinical sonographic skill assessments can ensure students get lab-based remediation prior to clinical placement. These results are exclusive to this cohort and should be replicated at other sites, for concurrence.
Macrophage- and BCR-derived but not TLR-derived signals support the growth of CLL and Richter syndrome murine models in vivo
Authors: Martines Claudio , Chakraborty Supriya , Vujovikj Marija , Gobessi Stefania , Vaisitti Tiziana , Deaglio Silvia , Laurenti Luca , Dimovski Aleksandar J. , Efremov Dimitar G.
Published: September 2022

A large amount of circumstantial evidence has accumulated suggesting that Toll-like receptor (TLR) signals are involved in driving chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cell proliferation, but direct in vivo evidence for this is still lacking. We have now further addressed this possibility by pharmacologically inhibiting or genetically inactivating the TLR pathway in murine CLL and human Richter syndrome (RS) patient-derived xenograft (PDX) cells. Surprisingly, we show that pharmacologic inhibition of TLR signaling by treatment with an IRAK1/4 inhibitor delays the growth of the transplanted malignant cells in recipient mice, but genetic inactivation of the same pathway by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated disruption of IRAK4 or its proximal adaptor MyD88 has no effect. We further show that treatment with the IRAK1/4 inhibitor results in depletion of macrophages and demonstrate that these cells can support the survival and enhance the proliferation of both murine Eμ-TCL1 leukemia and human RS cells. We also show that genetic disruption of the B-cell receptor (BCR) by CRISPR/Cas9 editing of the immunoglobulin M constant region gene inhibits the growth of human RS-PDX cells in vivo, consistent with our previous finding with murine Eμ-TCL1 leukemia cells. Finally, we show that genetic disruption of IRAK4 does not result in negative selection of human CLL cell lines xenografted in immunodeficient mice. The obtained data suggest that TLR signals are unlikely to represent a major driver of CLL/RS cell proliferation and provide further evidence that signals from macrophages and the BCR promote the growth and survival of CLL and RS cells in vivo.
Trafficking between clonally related peripheral T-helper cells and tissue-resident T-helper cells in chronic GVHD
Authors: Kong Xiaohui , Wu Xiwei , Wang Bixin , Zeng Deye , Cassady Kaniel , Nasri Ubaydah , Zheng Moqian , Wu Alyssa , Qin Hanjun , Tsai Weimin , Salhotra Amandeep , Nakamura Ryotaro , Martin Paul J. , Zeng Defu
Published: September 2022

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is an autoimmune-like syndrome. CXCR5-PD-1hi peripheral T-helper (Tph) cells have an important pathogenic role in autoimmune diseases, but the role of Tph cells in cGVHD remains unknown. We show that in patients with cGVHD, expansion of Tph cells among blood CD4+ T cells was associated with cGVHD severity. These cells augmented memory B-cell differentiation and production of immunoglobulin G via interleukin 21 (IL-21). Tph cell expansion was also observed in a murine model of cGVHD. This Tph cell expansion in the blood is associated with the expansion of pathogenic tissue-resident T-helper (Trh) cells that form lymphoid aggregates surrounded by collagen in graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) target tissues. Adoptive transfer experiments showed that Trh cells from GVHD target tissues give rise to Tph cells in the blood, and conversely, Tph cells from the blood give rise to Trh cells in GVHD target tissues. Tph cells in the blood and Trh cells in GVHD target tissues had highly overlapping T-cell receptor α and β repertoires. Deficiency of IL-21R, B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6), or T-bet in donor T cells markedly reduced the proportions of Tph cells in the blood and Trh cells in GVHD target tissues and reduced T-B interaction in the lymphoid aggregates. These results indicate that clonally related pathogenic Tph cells and Trh cells traffic between the blood and cGVHD target tissues, and that IL-21R-BCL6 signaling and T-bet are required for the development and expansion of Tph and Trh cells in the pathogenesis of cGVHD.
System dynamics simulation of transport mode choice transitions under structural and parametric uncertainty
Authors: Wiman Henri , Tuominen Anu , Mesimäki Johannes , Penttinen Merja , Innamaa Satu , Ylén Peter
Published: September 2022

Complex social processes introduce difficulties to validating causal parameters and identifying the correct system structure in modelling. Policy impact assessment for sustainability transitions should therefore not expend too many resources modelling any single set of assumptions about the world. Furthermore, keeping models relatively simple allows more effective communication and stakeholder collaboration. This paper presents an exploratory system dynamics model of urban mode choice. We demonstrate that, despite structural and parametric uncertainty, it is possible to rank alternative policy approaches and identify high-leverage uncertainties as targets of policy action or further analysis. We also show how different narrative theories of change can have drastically different or unintuitive outcomes for the same intervention. Simulation can benefit both impact assessment and the further scrutiny and refinement of change narratives. We argue that the following methodological choices and their synergies made our modelling approach effective: exploratory modelling, focus on endogeneity, coarse resolution and avoidance of abstract variables.
Comparative transcriptome analysis of longissimus dorsi tissues with different intramuscular fat contents from Guangling donkeys
Authors: Li Wufeng , Qiu Lixia , Guan Jiawei , Sun Yutong , Zhao Jingwei , Du Min
Published: September 2022

Background

Donkey meat has low fat and high protein contents and is rich in various unsaturated fatty acids and trace elements that are beneficial to human digestion and absorption. IMF (intramuscular fat), also known as marbling, is an important indicator of the lean meat to fat ratio, which directly affects the tenderness and juiciness of the meat. At present, the underlying molecular variations affecting IMF content among donkey breeds are unclear. The Guangling donkey is an indigenous species in China. This study explored candidate regulatory genes that affect IMF content in Guangling donkeys. The IMF content of the longissimus dorsi muscle in 30 Guangling donkeys was measured. Six donkeys of similar age were selected according to age factors and divided into two groups, the high (H) and low (L) fat groups, according to their IMF content.

Results

RNA-seq technology was used to compare the muscle transcriptome between the two groups. More than 75.0% of alternative splicing (AS) events were of the skipped exon (SE) type. A total of 887 novel genes were identified; only 386 novel genes were aligned to the annotation information of various databases. Transcriptomics analysis revealed 167 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 64 were upregulated and 103 were downregulated between the H and L groups. Gene ontology analysis showed that the DEGs were enriched in multiple biological processes and pathways that are related to adipocyte differentiation, lipid synthesis, and neutral lipid metabolism. KEGG pathway analysis suggested that arachidonic acid metabolism, the HIF-1 signalling pathway, fructose and mannose metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and the AMPK signalling pathway were involved in lipid deposition. In addition, a gene–gene interaction network was constructed that revealed that the DEGs, including SCD, LEPR, CIDEA, DLK1, DGAT2, ITGAL, HMOX1, WNT10B, and DGKA, had significant roles in adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis. The selected DEGs were further validated by qRT–PCR.

Conclusion

This study improves the in-depth understanding of gene regulation and protein expression regarding IMF deposition and lays a basis for subsequent molecular breeding studies in Guangling donkeys.