bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A gene-targeting system in Trichosporon asahii JCM2466 by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation
Authors: Matsumoto Yasuhiko , Nakayama Mei , Shimizu Yuta , Koganesawa Sachi , Kanai Hiromi , Hayashi Wakako , Matsuo Toma , Yamada Tsuyoshi , Sugita Takashi
Published: May 2024

Trichosporon asahii is a pathogenic fungus that causes severe, deep-seated fungal infections in neutropenic patients. The complete genome information of T. asahii JCM2466 (CBS2479), a standard type strain widely used in research, is publicly available, but a gene-targeting system for T. asahii JCM2466 has not yet been developed. Here we generated gene-deficient mutants of T. asahii JCM2466 by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT). A gene-deficient mutant lacking the ku70 gene, which encodes the Ku70 protein involved in non-homologous end-joining repair of DNA double-strand breaks, was generated by ATMT. The ku70 gene-deficient mutant exhibited higher gene-targeting efficiency than the wild-type strain for generating a mutant lacking the cnb1 gene, which encodes the beta-subunit of calcineurin. In the ku70 gene-deficient mutant used as a parent strain, cnb1 gene-deficient mutants were generated by ATMT. The cnb1 gene-deficient mutants exhibited sensitivities to high temperature and several stress-inducing compounds. These results suggest that the combination of the ku70 gene-deficient mutant and ATMT is a useful method for generating gene-deficient mutants of T. asahii JCM2466.
Efficacy and Safety of Transarterial Chemoembolization Combined with PD-1 Inhibitors plus Molecular Targeted Therapies for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Child‒Pugh B
Authors: Huang Jin-Tao , Hong Xin , Hu Di , Zhou Wen-Jie , Yang Hao , Shen Jian , Lv Peng-Hua , Yang Zheng-Qiang , Zhu Xiao-Li
Published: May 2024

Background and Objectives To assess the efficacy and safety of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors plus molecular targeted therapies (MTT) for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with Child-Pugh (CP)-B (score of 7-8).
Methods This multicenter retrospective study enrolled patients with unresectable HCC receivingTACE combined with PD-1 inhibitors plus MTT between January 2019 and December 2022. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to reduce bias between the CP-A and CP-B (score of 7-8) groups. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS)and the secondary outcomes included progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and adverse events (AEs).
Results A total of 416 patients were ultimately included in the study. The median OS was 26.4 months (95% CI, 22.7-30.0) for the overall population during a median follow-up period of 32.5 months. The median OS was greater in patients with CP-A liver function than in patients with CP-B (score of 7-8), but the difference was not statistically significant. After PSM, the OS, PFS, ORR, and DCR of CP-A patients were comparable to those of CP-B (score of 7-8) patients. No significant difference was observed in the incidence of grade 3/4 AEs between the two groups.
Conclusions Unresectable HCC patients with CP-B (score of 7-8) undergoing TACE combined with PD-1 inhibitors plus MTT showed similar clinical activity and safety profiles compared to CP-A patients.
Relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver and progressive fibrosis and serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Fang Jing-Xian , Han Yu , Meng Jian , Zou Hui-Ming , Hu Xue , Han Yue-Xia , Huang Fang , Gu Qing , Wang Sui-Jun
Published: May 2024

Objective
We aimed to analyze the relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver and progressive fibrosis and serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Methods
A total of 184 patients with T2DM who were hospitalized in the Department of Endocrinology of the ShiDong Clinical Hospital between January 2023 and June 2023 were selected.We compared review of anthropometric, biochemical, and inflammatory parameters and non-invasive scores between groups defined by ultrasound NAFLD severity grades.We determine correlation between 25(OH)D and FLI and FIB-4 score respectively.
Results
Statistically significant differences were seen between BMI, WC, C-peptide levels, FPG, ALT, serum 25(OH)D, TC, HDL, lumbar spine bone density, FLI, and FIB-4 in different degrees of NAFLD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that 25(OH)D (OR = 1.26, p = 0.001), age (OR = 0.93, P < 0.001) and BMI (OR = 1.04, p = 0.007) were independent predictors of NAFLD in patients with T2DM.
Conclusions
This study revealed the correlation between serum 25(OH)D levels and NAFLD in patients with T2DM. We also demonstrated that serum 25(OH)D levels were negatively correlated with FLI/FIB-4 levels in patients with T2DM with NAFLD, suggesting that vitamin D deficiency may promote hepatic fibrosis progression in T2DM with NAFLD.
Modular Momentum: Assessing the Efficacy of Modular Construction in Alleviating the UK Housing Crisis
Authors: Parisi Luana , Donyavi Sohrab
Published: May 2024

This manuscript critically evaluates the potential of modular construction as a viable remedy to the ongoing housing crisis in the UK. With soaring housing prices and a scarcity of affordable options, there is an urgent need to explore innovative solutions to address this pressing issue. The study delves into the feasibility and effectiveness of modular construction in providing cost-efficient and sustainable housing alternatives, particularly for the working-class population. Through a comprehensive analysis of housing price trends, construction methodologies, and stakeholder perspectives, this research aims to illuminate the advantages and limitations of modular construction compared to traditional building techniques. Drawing upon data sourced from construction professionals, case studies, and government records, the study assesses crucial factors such as construction timelines, financial implications, design adaptability, and overall efficacy in tackling the housing crisis. The findings of this study are poised to offer valuable insights into the potential role of modular construction in transforming housing solutions in the UK. By examining the intersection of housing demand, construction practices, and technological advancements, the manuscript seeks to inform decision-making processes in both public and private sectors. Ultimately, the objective is to identify strategies that can facilitate the widespread adoption of modular construction as a sustainable and scalable solution to the housing crisis, in line also with the principles of the circular economy, thereby enhancing access to safe, affordable, and high-quality housing for all segments of society.
Building on the strengths of the mobile renewal system to increase health insurance uptake in Ghana: A qualitative study focusing on potential add-ons
Authors: Ibrahim Fati , Neumann Anne , Mensah Kofi Akohene , Opoku Daniel , Kwawukume Mawumenyo Aku , Nübler Laura , Siegel Martin , Owusu-Dabo Ellis , Quentin Wilm , Struckmann Verena , Waitzberg Ruth
Published: May 2024

Background: The Mobile Renewal System (MRS) has increased insurance renewal rates among Ghana's National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) subscribers. However, population coverage with active NHIS membership remains insufficient for Universal Health Coverage (UHC) ambitions, especially among informal workers. This qualitative study aimed to understand the potential of additional mobile-phone-based tools (add-ons) to further increase NHIS enrolment and renewal rates.
Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with 13 technical experts involved in the development and implementation of the MRS and 17 focus group discussions were held with 96 informal workers in Accra and Kumasi between March and August 2022. Thematic analysis was used to identify recurring themes and categories.
Results: Several add-ons were suggested by participants to improve the use of the MRS. These included reminders to renew, mobile registration of new members, and an automatic renewal option. Savings wallet and facility locator. Participants saw these add-ons as beneficial as they could encourage more people to use the MRS and further increase the uptake of the insurance.
For implementing and utilizing the MRS and these add-ons, a reliable technological infrastructure, stakeholder involvement, adequate funding, training, and awareness campaigns were considered crucial. Barriers to utilization of the MRS and add-ons may arise from concerns regarding data protection, transparency, and potential taxes on digital transactions. In addition, individual factors such as experience with mobile phone transactions and knowledge about insurance influenced participants' willingness to use the MRS and the suggested add-ons.
Conclusion: Different mobile phone-based technologies can potentially increase NHIS coverage in Ghana. Implementation should address insurance literacy and build communities’ trust in mobile technology.
Feathered Innovation: Transforming Recycled Keratin into Bioactive Micro/Nanoparticles for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Zemljič Lidija Fras , Tušek Lidija , Mešl Anja , Plohl Olivija , Čolnik Maja , Škerget Mojca
Published: May 2024

At present, great importance is attached to the use of waste biomass for the sustainable provision and fractionation of natural resources. This is particularly true for the production of biopolymers to promote the development of novel material products based on sustainability. This increased focus is driven by socio-economic and environmental considerations. Feathers from chickens are regarded as a waste from the poultry meat production sector. These organic wastes can be used as natural keratin sources for applications in the formation of nanoparticles to develop a new generation of multifunctional biocomposites. Thus, in this research keratin was isolated from feathers by extraction in subcritical water (SubCW) at 180°C, 20 bar for 1 h. This recycled keratin was used to develop advanced keratin-based particles. To investigate the complexation ability of keratin, three polyelectrolytes with different functional groups were used for particle synthesis at specific pH values, namely alginate with carboxyl groups, chitosan with amino groups, and penta-ionic sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) with phosphate groups. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) analysis showed that complex formation between keratin-alginate and keratin-chitosan resulted in microparticles, and colloidal particles were formed only in the case of keratin-TPP. The ATR-FTIR spectra of the particles indicate that electrostatic interactions were the driving force for the complex formation between keratin and oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. The antioxidant activity of keratin diminishes upon the incorporation of alginate, chitosan, and TPP. The keratin-TPP particles, identified as optimal, underwent additional assessment as a drug delivery system for the model drug amoxicillin. UV/VIS spectroscopy indicated the successful encapsulation of amoxicillin (encapsulation efficiency of 69.24%), with a gradual release reaching up to 96% over a 6-hour period. Antimicrobial examination showed that the increased inhibition against both E. coli and S. aureus in the drug delivery system compared to pure amoxicillin can be attributed to the successful and controlled release of the drug from the particles. Consequently, these particles exhibit promising potential as a delivery system, offering simultaneous antioxidant and potentially antimicrobial properties.
Cadmium and Chromium Exposure associated with DNA Hypermethylation of p16 Tumour suppressor gene
Authors: Mathur Runjhun , Saini Gaurav , Shukla Sheo Prasad , Jha Abhimanyu Kumar
Published: May 2024

This study investigated the environmental impact of urbanization on water quality, focusing on Greater Noida, a rapidly developing region in India. Thirty groundwater samples were collected from five villages during the pre- and postmonsoon seasons to analyze changes in water quality. Concurrently, a case‒control study involving 25 cancer patients and 25 healthy individuals explored the potential health effects of heavy metal exposure through drinking water. Blood samples were analyzed for cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) concentrations using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Additionally, a paired case‒control study assessed p16 gene promoter hypermethylation in blood samples from individuals exposed to elevated Cd and Cr concentrations. Statistical analyses revealed significant increases in postmonsoon Cr concentrations, exceeding regulatory limits. Cadmium levels were also not correlated with postmonsoon season disease. Blood analysis indicated a strong correlation between p16 hypermethylation and heavy metal exposure. These findings emphasize the critical need for comprehensive monitoring, control measures, and remediation strategies to address environmental contamination and safeguard public health in rapidly urbanizing regions such as Greater Noida.
TÜRK HUKUKU’NDA “SENDİKA HAKKI”: 6356 ve 4688 SAYILI KANUNLARIN MUKAYESELİ ANALİZİ
Authors: Yüksel Hasan
Published: May 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı, sendika hakkı bağlamında kamu görevlileri ile hizmet akdine dayalı olarak çalışanların sendika kurma, sendikaya üye olma, sendikal faaliyetlere katılma ve sendika yöneticisi olma konusunda usul ve esasları düzenleyen 6356 sayılı Sendikalar ve Toplu İş Sözleşmesi Kanunu ile 4688 sayılı Kamu Görevlileri Sendikaları ve Toplu Sözleşme Kanunu’nu “üyelik” (a), “kuruculuk” (b), “yöneticilik” (c) ve “teşkilatlanma” (d) bağlamında mukayeseli olarak analiz etmektir. Kamu görevlilerine yönelik sendika kurma hakkı ilk defa 1961 Anayasası ile düzenlenmiş, sonrasında 1965 tarihli ve 624 sayılı Devlet Personeli Sendikaları Kanunu çıkartılmış ancak 1971 yılında Anayasada yapılan düzenleme ile kamu görevlileri kapsam dışına çıkartılmıştır. O nedenle kamu görevlileri ancak 2001 tarihli ve 4688 sayılı Kamu Görevlileri Sendikaları ve Toplu Sözleşme Yasası ile sendikal haklar bağlamında tekrardan bir ‘güvence’ elde etmişlerdir. İş sözleşmesine dayalı olarak çalışanlar açısından ise Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devleti’nin dördüncü sendika ve toplu pazarlık yasası olma özelliği taşıyan 6356 sayılı Kanun ise 2012 tarihinde yürürlüğe girmiş, sendika ve toplu pazarlık yasaları tek çatı altında toplanmıştır. Bu düzenleme ile sendika ve toplu pazarlık kanunları ekseninde ‘norm’ ve ‘standart birliği’ sağlandığı savunulabilir. Dolayısıyla sendikal hakların içeriği ve kapsamı bağlamında kanun koyucunun kamu çalışanları ile iş sözleşmesine dayalı olarak çalışanlara yönelik bakış açısında bir ‘farklılaşma’ olup olmadığının tespiti için, 6356 ile 4688 sayılı Kanunların içeriğinin analiz edilmesi büyük bir önem taşımaktadır. Bahse konu kanunlarda benzerlikler olduğu gibi, farklılıklar da mevcuttur. Çalışmada “yatay” karşılaştırma yöntemi kullanılarak anayasal anlamda güvence altına alınan sendika hakkı bağlamında adı geçen yasalara ilişkin mukayese yapılacaktır.
TÜRKİYE’DE EV HİZMETLERİNDE İŞÇİ ÇALIŞTIRANLARIN HAK VE YÜKÜMLÜLÜKLERİ
Authors: Yilmaz Suheyla , Bostancı Mustafa
Published: May 2024

Ülkemizde ve diğer ülkelerde kadınların istihdama katılmasıyla birlikte ev hizmetlerinde işçi çalıştırma ihtiyacı günden güne artmaktadır. Bunun sonucunda da ev hizmetlerinde çalışan işçi sayısı ve dolayısıyla ev hizmetlerinde işçi çalıştıran sayısı da artmaktadır. Tıpkı diğer işlerde olduğu gibi ev hizmetlerinde işçi çalıştıranların bir takım hak ve yükümlülükleri bulunmaktadır. Ev hizmetlerinde işçi çalıştıran kişi sayısındaki artış hak ve yükümlülüklerin yasal olarak belirlenmesi ihtiyacını beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu hak ve yükümlülüklere istinaden yasal sınırların çizilmesi zaruridir.
Bu çalışmanın temel amacı ev hizmetlerinde işçi çalıştıranların mevcut durumunu ortaya koymak ve yaşanabilecek hak kayıplarına çözüm önerilerinde bulunmaktır. Çalışmada, ilk olarak ev hizmetleri kavramının sınırları ve özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Sonrasında ev hizmetlerine ilişkin ulusal yasal konum tasvir edilmiş, akabinde ev hizmetlerinde işçi çalıştıranların hak ve yükümlülükleri incelenmiştir. Sonuç kısmında ise yaşanabilecek hak kayıplarına çözüm önerilerinde bulunulmuştur. Bu çalışma ile ev hizmetlerinde işçi çalıştıranlar için önemli ölçüde farkındalık artışı sağlanacaktır.
Reading between the rational sections: Global structures of 4d $\mathcal{N}=2$ KK theories
Authors: Closset Cyril , Magureanu Horia
Published: May 2024

We study how the global structure of rank-one 4d \mathcal{N}=2𝒩=2 supersymmetric field theories is encoded into global aspects of the Seiberg-Witten elliptic fibration. Starting with the prototypical example of the \mathfrak{su}(2)𝔰𝔲(2) gauge theory, we distinguish between relative and absolute Seiberg-Witten curves. For instance, we discuss in detail the three distinct absolute curves for the SU(2)SU(2) and SO(3)_±SO(3)± 4d \mathcal{N}=2𝒩=2 gauge theories. We propose that the 11-form symmetry of an absolute theory is isomorphic to a torsion subgroup of the Mordell-Weil group of sections of the absolute curve, while the full defect group of the theory is encoded in the torsion sections of a so-called relative curve. We explicitly show that the relative and absolute curves are related by isogenies (that is, homomorphisms of elliptic curves) generated by torsion sections - hence, gauging a one-form symmetry corresponds to composing isogenies between Seiberg-Witten curves. We apply this approach to Kaluza-Klein (KK) 4d \mathcal{N}=2𝒩=2 theories that arise from toroidal compactifications of 5d and 6d SCFTs to four dimensions, uncovering an intricate pattern of 4d global structures obtained by gauging discrete 00-form and/or 11-form symmetries. Incidentally, we propose a 6d BPS quiver for the 6d M-string theory on \mathbb{R}^4× T^2ℝ4×T2.
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECT OF CRYOTHERAPY ON PAIN AND SELECTED BIOPHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS DURING ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA CANNULATION AMONG PATIENTS ON MAINTENANCE HAEMODIALYSIS
Authors:   M.Sc. (N), KMCH College of Nursing, Coimbatore - 641014, Tamilnadu., M. Ninan Rekha , Madhavi S. ,   M.Sc.(N),Ph. D(N)., PrincipalandHOD ofMedical-SurgicalNursing,KMCH CollegeofNursing, Coimbatore - 641014,Tamilnadu.
Published: May 2024

The current study entitled a study to assess the effect of Cryotherapy on pain and selected Biophysiological parameters during arteriovenous fistula cannulation among patients on maintenance Hemodialysis at KMCH, Coimbatore was undertaken, during the year 2010 - 2011 in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science in Nursing at KMCH College of Nursing, Coimbatore which is affiliated to Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai. Objectives: To assess the pain intensity during Xylocaine infiltration. To determine the effect of Cryotherapy on pain and Biophysiological parameters during AV fistula cannulation. To associate the level of pain with selected demographic variables. Design: Repeated Measures design. Setting: Hemodialysis unit of Kovai Medical Center and Hospital, Coimbatore. Sample: Sample size was 50. Conceptual framework: Modified OrlandoÃ¢Â€ÂŸs Nursing process model. Outcome measures: The demographic data was collected from the subjects. The pain intensity was measured during cannulation with Xylocaine and with Cryotherapy using Numerical Pain rating Scale. The investigator recorded the Biophysiological parameters during the procedure. Intervention: Cold application was done prior and during cannulation over on the web between the thumb and index finger of the hand which does not have the AV fistula. Results: The mean pain score with Xylocaine infiltration at arterial site was 4.81 and at the venous site was 4.86.There was a significant reduction in the pain score during cannulation with the application of Cryotherapy. The mean pain score during cannulation after Xylocaine at the arterial site was 1.59 and at the venous site was 1.51 whereas the mean pain score during cannulation after Cryotherapy was 0.96 and 0.92 correspondingly. But there was no statistically significant difference between the values of Biophysiological parameters such as BP, PR and RR during cannulation done with Xylocaine and with Cryotherapy. There was no significant association between pain score and age and gender of the subjects but there was significant association between pain and duration of illness and duration of treatment Conclusion: Cryotherapy is an effective nonpharmacological measure in reducing pain during AV fistula cannulation among Hemodialysis patients.
PRESERVATIVE EFFECT OF HERBS AND SPICES ON THE MICROBIAL AND SENSORY QUALITIES OF SCOMBEROMORUS GUTTATUS AND LUTJANUS GIBBUS
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Zoology, Nirmala College for Women (Autonomous), Coimbatore - 641018, Tamil Nadu, India., Chitra G.
Published: May 2024

In the present study, the effect of natural preservatives on the microbial, biochemical and sensory qualities of economically important marine fishes Scomberomorus guttatus and Lutjanus gibbus were evaluated. Fish fillets were treated with 5% concentration of medicinal herbs rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and spices, ginger (Zingiber officinale - rhizome) and garlic (Allium sativum - bulb). Food spoilage bacterias such as Salmonella typhimurium, Eschericia coli, Staphyloccoccus aureus, Enterobacteriaceae aerogens, Shigella dysenteriae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis and Streptococcus faecalis were isolated from treated and non-treated samples. The biochemical parameters pH, salt, moisture, protein, carbohydrate and fat contents and sensory qualities such as appearance, odour, flavor, taste and texture of were also tested. The best preservative effect in terms of lowest pH and microbial growth was observed in 5% of Z. officinale extract treated fishes. Next to ginger, thyme was also an efficient in preservation of the fishes compared to control fishes stored at room temperature. Best sensory qualities were recorded in Z. officinale treated cooked fish, which was followed by thyme, garlic and rosemary treated fish fillets.
PRACTICE OF HOME MANAGEMENT OF DIARRHEA AMONG CAREGIVERS OF CHILDREN BELOW FIVE YEARS IN NGANDU LOCATION IN NYERI COUNTY
Authors:   Dedan Kimathi University of Technology, School of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing P.O. Box Private Bag Kimathi, Nyeri., Gathogo L. , Wachira M. ,   Dedan Kimathi University of Technology, School of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing P.O. Box Private Bag Kimathi, Nyeri.
Published: May 2024

Background: To prevent dehydration and malnutrition in children with diarrhea, it is important they get good management at home. The caregivers should commence home remedies immediately before they seek medical advice. Objective: This study determine the practice of home management of diarrhea among caregivers of children below five years. Methods: This research applied descriptive cross sectional study design. The current study was a household survey targeting caregivers of children below five years with diarrhea. The Cochrans Sample Size Formula was used to calculate a sample size of 345 respondents. Purposive sampling was used to recruit respondents in the study. The study employed a researcher- administered semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used in the analysis. Results: The study found that majority 67.1% (n=231) of the respondents had poor practices in regards to home management of diarrhoea. Only 25.8% (n=89) of the respondents indicated that they boiled water while only 15.7% (n=54) indicated they washed hands the researcher observed that slightly above half 57.4% (n=198) did not breastfeed their child during diarrhoea. The vast majority 78.7% (n=199) indicated that they did not prepare the ORS themselves. ORS was prepared incorrectly in 67.1% (n=231) of the respondents. Conclusion: There was poor practice of home management of diarrhea among caregivers of children below five years with diarrhea. The study recommends enhanced education of mothers on home management of diarrhea by community health workers.
RESEARCH ON THE LEVEL OF AWARENESS OF PUPILS REGARDING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ISSUES
Authors:   Professor, Grigol Robakidze University., Taktakishvili Tengiz , Charaia Vakhtang ,   Professor, Grigol Robakidze University., Tvauri Giga ,   Assistant-Professor, Grigol Robakidze Unioversity., Sachhaleli Nino ,   Assistant, Grigol Robakidze University., Lashkhi Mariam ,   Assistant, Grigol Robakidze University.
Published: May 2024

The paper studies the level of awareness of pupils regarding sustainable development issues in Tbilisi schools. The research uses a quantitative approach, descriptive statistics and regression analysis. 205 students of Tbilisi schools were interviewed, both from private and public schools. The research was carried out jointly by GrigolRobakidze University and Tbilisi City Hall. The study identified factors that influence students awareness of sustainability.
THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR: AN INTRACTABLE CHALLENGE TO THE CONCEPT OF A GLOBAL SOCIETY AND LIBERAL ETHICS
Authors:   University of Kwame Nkrumah UniversityPost Box 8040 Kabwe, Zambia., Bwalya Chilufya Phd Lewis , Ngandu PhD Prosper ,   Ministry of Home Affairs and Internal Security Commissioner for Refugees Chipoma Roadn Rhodespark, Lusaka-Zambia.
Published: May 2024

It is now over a year since Russian launched its so-called special military operation against Ukraine. Several states, as well as the North-Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the United Nations, and other International Organizations condemned the war from inception. At the same time, there other states that have opted to remain neutral. Regardless, the initial general belief that this conflict would not degenerate into a long drawn -out war has waned in the face of escalation and increasing involvement of NATO, thus raising fears of an outbreak of a Third World War (WWIII). This article conceptually examines the challenges that the Russia-Ukraine war poses to the prospect of a global society and ethics of liberalism in international relations. In so doing, it unravels glaring limitations and questions on both counts. Ultimately, it advances the argument that vital states interests, competition for power and security in an anarchic international system still hold great sway in international relations. As such, liberalism ethics that has fueled the concept of a global society are altogether proven to be untenable in the midst power politics power politics and nationalism that continues to characterize the international system.
ANALYSIS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF VARIOUS MUTUAL FUNDS PRE AND POST RUSSIA-UKRAINIAN WAR PERIOD
Authors:   Lecturer in Accounting and Business Management Departments Catholic University in Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan., Bondu Avinash , Sangisetti Manoj ,   Assistant Professor in Accounting and Business Management Departments Catholic University in Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan.
Published: May 2024

In the world of money and finance, mutual funds have been a source of investment which is considered to provide consistent returns to the investors either big or small. The present article tries to provide the fluctuations in the performance of the mutual funds and the impact on them by some external factor, which is Russia-Ukraine war that affected that the world in different ways. The data used for the analysis includes closing values of the various mutual funds from 30 companies for 8 quarters, taking the beginning of the Russia-Ukraine war, and the t test is applied to scrutinize the distinctness between the performance of funds. The study concludes that there is substantial difference in the behavior of funds before and after the war.
INTRAOSSEOUS CAVERNOUS HEMANGIOMA OF THE ZYGOMA: A CASE REPORT
Authors:   Mohammed V University in Rabat., Alain Francois HABIMANA ,   Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Center Ibn Sina of Rabat Morocco., Oumaima BOUKHLOUF ,   Mohammed V University in Rabat.,   Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Center Ibn Sina of Rabat Morocco., AZZOUZI Rajaa EL ,   Mohammed V University in Rabat.,   Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Center Ibn Sina of Rabat Morocco., ALAMI Halimi Ghita EL ,   Mohammed V University in Rabat.,   Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Center Ibn Sina of Rabat Morocco., Bouchra DANI ,   Mohammed V University in Rabat.,   Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Center Ibn Sina of Rabat Morocco., Malik BOULAADAS ,   Mohammed V University in Rabat.,   Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Center Ibn Sina of Rabat Morocco.
Published: May 2024

The incidence of intraosseous hemangiomas is low; they represent less than 1% of all bone tumors. The most common locations are the calvaria and vertebrae. Lesions affecting facial bones are rare and can involve the maxillae, mandibulae, nasals, and zygomatics. In zygomatic location its a slow-growing tumor that primarily affects adult women. Herein, we report a case of intraosseous hemangioma of the zygomatic bone in a man aged of 55 years old. The diagnosis of intraosseous hemangioma was made following radiological examination due to the characteristic imaging findings and confirmed after surgical excision by anatomopathological exam.
WOMENS CHOICE OF POSITIONS DURING LABOUR- AN ANCIENT TOUCH TO TODAYS MODERN OBSTETRIC PRACTICE
Authors:   Professor and Head of Dept. Obstetrics and Gynaecology, PIMS, Loni., Saikeerthana N. , B. Bangal Vidyadhar ,   Professor and Head of Dept. Obstetrics and Gynaecology, PIMS, Loni.
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Childbirth medicalization has reduced the parturienta opportunity to labour and deliver in spontaneous position, constricting her to assume the recumbent one. Aims and objectives: the aim of this study was to educate the pregnant women who are not in labour about the alternative positions of labour and take there desired position of delivery. Material And Methods: This Study Was Conducted In Pravara Hospital In Multiparous Ante Natal Women Of 300 By Showing Them The Images Of Different Birthing Positions And Taking There Input In Which They Desire To Labour. Results: Results Of The Study Are Summerised In Form Of Percentages Of Women Willing To Deliver In Different Positions. Conclusion: Counselling Women For Alternative Maternal Positioning May Positively Influence Labour Process Reducing Maternal Pain , Operative Vaginal Delivery , Caeserean Section And Episiotomy Rate.
PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY: EPIDEMIOLOGY, CLINICAL PRESENTATION, DIAGNOSIS, AND ETIOLOGIES
Authors:   Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition Mohammed VI University Hospital of Marrakesh, Morocco., Ismail Zahra , Amar Sidebatt ,   Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition Mohammed VI University Hospital of Marrakesh, Morocco., Rafi Sana ,   Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition Mohammed VI University Hospital of Marrakesh, Morocco., El Mghari Ghizlane ,   Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition Mohammed VI University Hospital of Marrakesh, Morocco., El Ansari Nawal ,   Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition Mohammed VI University Hospital of Marrakesh, Morocco.
Published: May 2024

Precocious puberty, defined as the onset of sexual characteristics before the age of 8 in girls and 9 in boys, can arise from various causes, including central and peripheral mechanisms. While central precocious puberty (CPP) originates from premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, peripheral precocious puberty (PPP) results from gonadal or adrenal hormone secretion independent of hypothalamic control. We conducted a retrospective study spanning eight years, from 2015 to 2023, at the Mohamed 6 University Hospital in Marrakech, Morocco, to investigate the epidemiological, clinical findings, laboratory, and etiological aspects of precociuos puberty in 12 children. We found a predominance of CPP, particularly in girls, with breast development being the most common clinical sign. In boys, early puberty typically presented with pubic hair development and increased penile size. Diagnostic evaluation included hormonal assays and imaging studies, with elevated levels of gonadal hormones confirming the diagnosis. CPP was predominantly idiopathic in girls, while traumatic brain injury and CNS lesions were common causes in boys. Adrenal disorders, including congenital adrenal hyperplasia, accounted for PPP cases. Brain imaging was crucial for identifying central lesions, while adrenal imaging aided in diagnosing adrenal pathologies. Despite limitations such as retrospective design and incomplete data, our study emphasizes the importance of early recognition and appropriate diagnostic procedures for children showing signs of early puberty to optimize management and outcomes.
The electrocatalytic activity of metallophthalocyanines and their conjugates with carbon nanomaterials and metal tungstate nanoparticles
Authors:   , Ndebele Nobuhle
Published: May 2024

In this dissertation, seventeen phthalocyanine complexes were synthesised. Of these, only four are known and have been published. These complexes were synthesised using the conventional statistical condensation method that involves refluxing the phthalonitrile(s) (4-((1,3-bis(dimethylamino)propan-2-yl)oxy)phthalonitrile, 4-(4-carboxyphenoxy)phthalonitrile, 4-(4-acetylphenoxy)phthalonitrile, dimethyl 5-(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)-isophthalate, 4-(4-(tert-butyl)phenoxy)phthalonitrile, 5-phenoxylpicolinic acid phthalonitrile 4-(4-formylphenoxy) phthalonitrile, and 4-(4-(3-oxo-3-phenylprop-1-enyl) phenoxy) phthalonitrile) with the metal salt and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undecane as a catalyst in a high-temperature solvent. And thereafter (when necessary), isolation and purification of the target compounds were achieved through the use of silica column chromatography. These compounds were characterised using various analytical techniques such as; ultraviolet-visible absorption, mass spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectra and elemental analysis. These techniques proved that the complexes were successfully synthesised and isolated as pure compounds. Carbon-based (graphene quantum dots and nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots) and metal oxide (bismuth tungsten oxide and nickel tungsten oxide) nanomaterials were synthesised. Together with the purchased single-walled carbon nanotubes, these nanomaterials were conjugated to some of the MPc complexes via non-covalent (carbon-based nanomaterials) and covalent (metal oxides) linkage forming hybrid materials. These nanomaterials and hybrids were characterised using various analytical methods (ultraviolet-visible absorption, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, thermographic analysis, and dynamic light scattering). Nanomaterials were utilised herein to determine their effect on the properties of MPc complexes and provide a synergistic effect in the hope of enhancing these properties. All complexes synthesised in this work (MPcs, nanomaterials and hybrids) were employed as electrocatalysts in electrochemical sensing. These electrocatalysts were embedded onto the glassy carbon electrode via an adsorption method known as drop-casting. The modified electrode surfaces were characterised using cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and scanning electrochemical microscopy to determine various electrochemical parameters. These electrocatalysts were used in the detection of either nitrite, catechol and/or dopamine. The detection limits, sensitivities, kinetics and catalytic constants were among other parameters determined for each electrocatalyst. These electrocatalysts proved to be stable electrocatalysts that could potentially be used for practical applications. The determined parameters were comparable and sometimes better than those obtained in literature.
Single-Cell Data Analysis Reveals Critical Hepatic Cells Subpopulations in
the Progression of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease to Non-Alcoholic
Steatohepatitis
Authors: Zhao Cuijuan , Ji Guixian , Zhao Xingliang , Ma Tengqi , Li Yanhua , Wu Wenbo , Zhou Lu
Published: May 2024

Aims::

The aim of this study was to reveal the hepatic cell landscape and function in the
progression of NAFLD to NASH.

Background::

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the progressive form and turning point of nonalcoholic
fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which severely causes irreversible cirrhosis as well as hepatocellular
carcinoma. The mechanism underlying the progression of NAFLD to NASH has not been revealed.
Unraveling the mechanism of action of NAFLD-NASH is an important goal in improving the
survival of patients with liver disease.

Objective::

The aim of this study is to discover heterogeneous hepatic cells during the progression of
NAFLD to NASH.

Methods::

Single-nucleus RNA-seq (snRNA-seq) data containing NASH in NAFLD samples were obtained
from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Cell types in liver tissues from NASH
and NAFLD were identified after dimensionality reduction analysis, cluster analysis, and cell annotation.
The cell pathways in which differences existed were identified by analyzing metabolic pathways
in Hepatic cells. We also identified cell subpopulations in Hepatic cells. The developmental trajectories
of Hepatic cells were characterized by pseudotime trajectory analysis. Single-cell regulatory network
inference and clustering analysis identified key transcription factors and gene regulatory networks
in Hepatic cells. Moreover, cell communication analysis determined the potential interactions
between Hepatic cells and immune cells, and heapatic stellate cells.

Results::

Seven cell types were identified in NAFLD and NASH. The proportion of Hepatic cells was
lower in NASH and showed greater energy metabolism and glucose metabolism activity. Hepatic
cells exhibited heterogeneity, showing two cell subpopulations, Hepatic cells 1 and Hepatic cells 2.
Dysregulation of lipid metabolism in Hepatic Cell 2 resulted in lipid accumulation in the liver, which
might be involved in the progression of NAFLD. Four key transcription factors, BHLHE40, NFEL2L,
RUNX1, and INF4A, were primarily found in Hepatic cells 2. The transcription factors within the hepatic
cells 2 subpopulation mainly regulated genes related to lipid metabolism, energy metabolism,
and inflammatory response. The cell communication analysis showed that hepatocyte interactions
with immune cells were associated with inflammatory responses, while interactions with hepatic astrocytes
were associated with liver injury and hepatocyte fibrosis.

Conclusion::

The hepatic cells 2 might promote the progression of NAFLD to NASH by regulating
metabolic activity, which might contribute to liver injury through inflammation
Spirulina Unveiled: A Comprehensive Review on Biotechnological Innovations, Nutritional Proficiency, and Clinical Implications
Authors: Mittal Ravi K. , Krishna Gaurav , Sharma Vikram , Purohit Priyank , Mishra Raghav
Published: May 2024

This comprehensive review of Spirulina encompasses biotechnology, phycocyanin
production, and purification. Bioactive compounds and vital nutrients are investigated during the
study. The literature examines the potential therapeutic advantages and clinical applications of
Spirulina. This analysis assesses Spirulina consumption and its associated health risks.
The current review offers a comprehensive synthesis of the therapeutic applications as well as
technologies utilized for the extraction and purification of phycocyanin. Moreover, this discourse
delves into the examination of various advantageous techniques for extracting and purifying
phycocyanin, encompassing physical, chemical, and enzymatic methods. The data derived from
a multitude of studies strongly indicate the potential therapeutic applications of phycocyanin,
encompassing its notable attributes as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory agent, anticancer agent,
antiviral agent, antimicrobial agent, antiallergic agent, anti-obesity agent, antihypertensive agent,
and an immunological agent.
Plasma Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Dementias: Unrevealing the
Potential of Serum Oxytocin, BDNF, NPTX1, TREM2, TNF-alpha, IL-1
and Prolactin
Authors: Olğun Yeşim , Aksoy Poyraz Cana , Bozluolçay Melda , Konukoğlu Dildar , Poyraz Burç Çağrı
Published: May 2024

Background:

Dementia encompasses a range of neurodegenerative disorders characterized
by cognitive decline and functional impairment. The identification of reliable biomarkers is
essential for accurate diagnosis and gaining insights into the mechanisms underlying diseases.

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the plasma biomarker profiles associated with Brain-
Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), Oxytocin, Neuronal Pentraxin-1 (NPTX1), Triggering Receptor
Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 (TREM2), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), Interleukin-
1 (IL-1) and Prolactin in Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB),
frontotemporal dementias (FTD) and healthy controls.

Methods:

Serum levels of the aforementioned biomarkers were analyzed in 23 AD, 28 DLB, 15
FTD patients recruited from outpatient units and 22 healthy controls. Diagnostic evaluations followed
established criteria and standardized clinical tests were conducted. Blood samples were collected
and analyzed using ELISA and electrochemiluminescence immunoassay methods.

Results:

Serum BDNF and oxytocin levels did not significantly differ across groups. NPTX1,
TREM2, TNF-alpha and IL-1 levels also did not show significant differences among dementia
groups. However, prolactin levels exhibited distinct patterns, with lower levels in male DLB patients
and higher levels in female AD patients compared to controls.

Conclusion:

The study findings suggest potential shared mechanisms in dementia pathophysiology
and highlight the importance of exploring neuroendocrine responses, particularly in AD and
DLB. However, further research is warranted to elucidate the role of these biomarkers in dementia
diagnosis and disease progression.
Benders Decomposition-based Coordinated Optimization Method for
Medium and Low Voltage Distribution Network with Photovoltaics Access
Authors: Fu Yu , Yang Weichen , Li Yue , Bai Hao , Cai Yongxiang , Xiao Xiaobing
Published: May 2024

aims:

From the perspective of improving the economic benefit of the distribution network and ensuring the safe operation of the distribution network, the medium and low voltage optimization model with the goal of reducing the operation cost is established.

background:

Double carbon background and new energy power system policy, a large number of distributed photovoltaic access distribution network caused a great influence, not only on the low voltage distribution network user side power quality impact, photovoltaic full hair also can happen when tide back phenomenon, for the stable operation of the medium voltage distribution network and scheduling, therefore, this paper puts forward a scheduling of the voltage distribution network and low voltage distribution network optimization method, to solve the problems of large-scale distributed photovoltaic access.

objective:

Reducing operating costs and ensuring the stable and safe operation of the distributed network.

method:

The optimization problem of medium and low voltage distribution network is decomposed into the main optimization problems of medium voltage distribution network and the sub-problems of optimizing the low-voltage distribution network. An optimal solution is obtained by coordinating the boundary coupling variables between the two problems and solving them iteratively. Finally, the effectiveness of the coordination algorithm is verified by simulating the medium and low voltage distribution network.

result:

A coordinated optimization method for medium and low voltage distribution network with photovoltaics access.

conclusion:

It reduces the operation cost, ensures the stable and safe operation of the power grid, thus improving the economic benefits.

other:

None
Groningen door dromersogen
Authors: de Jong Raoul
Published: May 2024

Groningen door dromersogen is een veelkleurig mozaïek van verhalen, die in al hun verscheidenheid één ding met elkaar gemeen hebben: zij vertellen over wat zich schuilhoudt in Stad en Ommeland.  In zijn speciaal voor dit boek geschreven bijdragen betrekt Raoul de Jong zijn lezers bij zijn persoonlijke zoektocht naar zijn Surinaamse en Groningse wortels. Zijn verhalen vertellen over een reis naar de tropische binnenlanden, een spirituele reis ook naar de bronnen van een literatuur die in Nederland lange tijd onbekend was en die er nog altijd op wacht om door nieuwe lezers ontdekt te worden.  Ook bevat dit boek werk van elf studenten van de Rijksuniversiteit Groningen die zich, begeleid door Raoul de Jong, verdiepten in verhalen in en over Groningen. Hun eigen teksten voeren ons naar onbekende plaatsen in de stad en de provincie, naar episodes uit het bewogen verleden, naar witte wieven, kluizenaars, zwervers en jeneverstokers. Groningen door dromersogen toont hun verbeelding van het Noorden.
Systematics of Urostephanus: resurrection of a Mesoamerican taxon of Gonolobinae (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae), with eight new combinations
Authors: González-Martínez César Adrián , Lozada-Pérez Lucio , Olson Mark E. , Alvarado-Cárdenas Leonardo O.
Published: May 2024

Background and Aims: Recent studies have focused on resolving the systematics of the tribe Gonolobinae of the family Apocynaceae, as well as the controversial genus Matelea s.l. However, many species within Matelea s.l. have not been evaluated phylogenetically. This is the case of M. gonoloboides, previously recognized as the type species of Urostephanus, and other taxa with similar floral morphology. The aim of this study is to test the monophyly of Urostephanus, including some species with morphology similar to M. gonoloboides. Furthermore, we evaluate the taxonomic position of the Urostephanus clade within the subtribe Gonolobinae and compare morphology among related clades.
Methods: To assess phylogenetic relationships within Gonolobinae, we downloaded sequences from four loci for 94 species of the subtribe from GenBank. We extracted DNA and sequenced the trnL-F intergenic spacer and rps16 intron from four species of Dictyanthus and six species of Matelea, which are considered to belong to Urostephanus. We reconstructed the phylogeny with Bayesian inference using the maximum clade credibility tree. Based on the phylogenetic pattern, we performed morphological comparisons between the clades Dictyanthus, Polystemma, and Urostephanus.
Key results: Phylogenetic analysis recovered Urostephanus as monophyletic and sister to Dictyanthus. Based on this phylogenetic pattern and floral morphology, we resurrect the genus Urostephanus. We propose eight new combinations for the species included in the phylogeny, as well as for those that share floral morphological similarity. We designate two lectotypes. Finally, we discuss aspects of morphology between Urostephanus and closely related groups.
Conclusions: The current circumscription of Matelea s.l. includes species with high morphological diversity. With the phylogenetic and morphological evidence among related taxa, we support the resurrection of Urostephanus, more than 120 years after its description. These results contribute to the resolution of the systematics of Gonolobinae in Mesoamerica.
The Construction of the RCEP Investment Dispute Settlement Mechanism: Currentcy, Dilemmas and Solutions
Authors: Jiang Zhongqi , Liu Yunke
Published: May 2024

The signing of RCEP signifies the official launch of the world’s largest and most promising free trade area in terms of population, playing a positive role in promoting regional trade, investment, and economic growth. Currently, based on the resurgence of neo-Calvinism, legitimacy crises in ISDS mechanisms, and the absence of ISDS mechanisms in RCEP, member countries are beginning to reexamine the RCEP investment dispute settlement mechanism. Overall, the RCEP investment dispute settlement mechanism fails to effectively balance the interests of host countries and investors. Therefore, based on comparative analysis of existing investment dispute settlement mechanisms, it may be advisable to explore establishing a new ISDS mechanism for RCEP that integrates both preventive measures and back-end mechanisms.