bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cytomegalovirus Exposure in the Elderly Does Not Reduce CD8 T Cell Repertoire Diversity
Authors: Lindau Paul , Mukherjee Rithun , Gutschow Miriam V. , Vignali Marissa , Warren Edus H. , Riddell Stanley R. , Makar Karen W. , Turtle Cameron J. , Robins Harlan S.
Published: December 2018

With age, the immune system becomes less effective, causing increased susceptibility to infection. Chronic CMV infection further impairs immune function and is associated with increased mortality in the elderly. CMV exposure elicits massive CD8+ T cell clonal expansions and diminishes the cytotoxic T cell response to subsequent infections, leading to the hypothesis that to maintain homeostasis, T cell clones are expelled from the repertoire, reducing T cell repertoire diversity and diminishing the ability to combat new infections. However, in humans, the impact of CMV infection on the structure and diversity of the underlying T cell repertoire remains uncharacterized. Using TCR β-chain immunosequencing, we observed that the proportion of the peripheral blood T cell repertoire composed of the most numerous 0.1% of clones is larger in the CMV seropositive and gradually increases with age. We found that the T cell repertoire in the elderly grows to accommodate CMV-driven clonal expansions while preserving its underlying diversity and clonal structure. Our observations suggest that the maintenance of large CMV-reactive T cell clones throughout life does not compromise the underlying repertoire. Alternatively, we propose that the diminished immunity in elderly individuals with CMV is due to alterations in cellular function rather than a reduction in CD8+ T cell repertoire diversity.
Deficiency of β-Arrestin 2 in Dendritic Cells Contributes to Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Cai Yingying , Yang Cuixia , Yu Xiaohan , Qian Jie , Dai Min , Wang Yan , Qin Chaoyan , Lai Weiming , Chen Shuai , Wang Tingting , Zhou Jinfeng , Ma Ningjia , Zhang Yue , Zhang Ru , Shen Nan , Xie Xin , Du Changsheng
Published: December 2018

Altered migration and immune responses of dendritic cells (DCs) lead to inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Our studies demonstrated that β-arrestin 2 deficiency promoted migration and cytokine production of mouse bone marrow–derived DCs. We further found that β-arrestin 2 directly interacted with Zbtb46, a DC-specific transcription factor. What’s more, our results suggested that the interaction between β-arrestin 2 and Zbtb46 might negatively regulate DC migration. Using RNA sequencing, we indicated that genes CD74, NR4A1, and ZFP36 might be the target genes regulated by the interaction between β-arrestin 2 and Zbtb46. Mice with selective deficiency of β-arrestin 2 in DCs developed severer experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis with more DC infiltration in the CNS and increased IL-6 in serum. In the systemic lupus erythematosus mice model, Arrb2fl/fl Itgax-cre+ mice were prone to exacerbation of lupus nephritis with a higher level of IL-6 and DC accumulation. Taken together, our study identified β-arrestin 2 as a new regulator of DC migration and immune properties, providing new insights into the mechanisms underlying the development of autoimmune disease.
Extent of MHC Clustering Regulates Selectivity and Effectiveness of T Cell Responses
Authors: Anikeeva Nadia , Fischer Nicholas O. , Blanchette Craig D. , Sykulev Yuri
Published: December 2018

MHC proteins that present peptide ligands for recognition by TCR form nanoscale clusters on the cell membrane of APCs. How the extent of MHC clustering controls productive TCR engagement and TCR-mediated signaling has not been systematically studied. To evaluate the role of MHC clustering, we exploited nanoscale discoidal membrane mimetics (nanolipoprotein particles) to capture and present peptide–MHC (pMHC) ligands at various densities. We examined the binding of these model membrane clusters to the surface of live human CD8+ T cells and the subsequent triggering of intracellular signaling. The data demonstrate that the proximity of pMHC ligands, high association rate of CD8–MHC interactions, and relatively long lifetime of cognate TCR–pMHC complexes emerge as essential parameters, explaining the significance of MHC clustering. Rapid rebinding of CD8 to MHC suggests a dual role of CD8 in facilitating the T cells’ hunt for a rare foreign pMHC ligand and the induction of rapid T cell response. Thus, our findings provide a new understanding of how MHC clustering influences multivalent interactions of pMHC ligands with CD8 and TCR on live T cells that regulate Ag recognition, kinetics of intracellular signaling, and the selectivity and efficiency of T cell responses.
Take a Second Look: It's Kikuchi’s Disease! A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Joean Oana , Thiele Thea , Raap Mieke , Schmidt Reinhold E. , Stoll Matthias
Published: December 2018

Generalized lymphadenopathy is a common cause of concern for both patients and clinicians. Possible etiologies include infections, malignancies and autoimmune diseases. Kikuchi Fujimoto disease (KFD) is a hyperergic condition that presents with fever, lymphadenopathy and can include systemic involvement, thus being easily mistaken for the above-mentioned entities. We report the case of a previously healthy 18-year-old male who presented with a selflimiting generalized lymphadenopathy, high fevers, skin vasculitis and polyserositis. The lymph-node biopsy revealed a histiocytotic necrotizing lymphadenitis, suggestive of Kikuchi’s disease. This case emphasizes the importance of KFD in the differential diagnosis of lymphadenopathy, especially in young adults.
COMPLESSITÃ€ E COSCIENZA: DALLA TEORIA AL LETTO DEL PAZIENTE
Authors: Massimini Marcello
Published: December 2018

We normally assess consciousness in other individuals based on their ability to interact with the surrounding environment. A the same time, we all know very well that consciousness can be generated entirely within the brain, even in the absence of any interaction with the external world; this happens almost every night when we dream. Because of this fundamental discrepancy, the presence of consciousness may go undetected in brain-injured patients who emerge from coma but remain unresponsive. Developing a reliable, objective measure of the capacity for consciousness is one of the grand challenges for medical science. A challenge that we need to take on and face successfully for the sake of all the patients who survive coma through intensive care medicine. Besides, we may one day have to face the question of whether future artificial intelligence is just a useful zombie or a somehow conscious entity. According to a recently formulated theory, consciousness depends on a special kind of complexity in physical systems, on a unique balance between unity and diversity. Today, empirical measures inspired by this theory can help us in detecting a covert capacity for consciousness in patients who are otherwise completely isolated from the external world. Will they help us, one day, to understand how can a few pounds of jelly matter host the universe of a dream?
LA HYBRIS, SINDROME NEUROPATOLOGICA CHE FAVORISCE IL DETERIORARSI DELLâ€™ECOSISTEMA CHE PUÃ’ PRELUDERE ALLA â€œSESTA ESTINZIONEâ€
Authors: - Con la collaborazione di Luigi Agnati , Maura G. , Marcoli M. , Guidolin D.
Published: December 2018

The term â€œhubrisâ€ is used here to indicate the consequence of the Mis-Exaptation of inner speech, which becomes so self-referential and impetuous that the individual is led to believe that he is omnipotent and that the entire ecosystem is not an â€œendâ€, but only a â€œmeansâ€ through which he can achieve an objective that he deems, erroneously, to be extremely important to him. We present the innovative hypothesis that a positive feedback loop is established between the deterioration of the ecosystem and the onset of the neuropathological syndrome of â€œhubrisâ€, which is deemed to be caused by alterations in the integrative functions of brain circuits. We suggest that this vicious circle is sustained by environmental toxins and the impoverishment of the ecosystem, which cause neuro-degeneration and, more generally, impair the integrative action of brain circuits. The consequence envisioned is that this positive feedback loop, which at present is not only uncontrolled but actually potentiated by the socio-economic context, may give rise to the â€œSixth Extinctionâ€.
METAMORFOSI DELLâ€™ANIMA. CORPO, VITA E COSCIENZA
Authors: Vanzago Luca
Published: December 2018

The reflection on the notion of consciousness that Faustino Savoldi has carried out for many years, and whose greatest result is the work La coscienza, published in 2013, had continued after this publication. In personal conversations with him, we had come to the idea that the problem of consciousness and the question of the relationship between mind and body should be addressed in the light of a meditation on the concept of life. Unfortunately there was no time to complete this work. This essay tries to outline some theoretical assumptions to continue in any case along the direction glimpsed by Savoldi, and to bring forward his intellectual legacy.
O conhecimento da abordagem investigativa em aulas de Matemática na Formação de Professores
Authors: Knorst da Silva Denise , Da Costa David Antônio
Published: December 2018

Esse estudo refere-se a uma pesquisa de doutorado que investiga mobilizações de conhecimento sobre a prática docente produzidas em uma ação de formação orientada por casos de ensino (MIZUKAMI, 2000, 2004) sobre a abordagem investigativa em aulas de Matemática. A ação ocorreu com um grupo de catorze professores do Ensino Fundamental de uma Escola da rede pública estadual e foi organizada em dois momentos: i) análise de casos de ensino sobre a abordagem investigativa pelos professores; ii) planejamento e desenvolvimento de aula na abordagem investigativa pelos professores. A pesquisa de cunho qualitativo teve os dados produzidos a partir de gravações em áudio dos encontros de formação e de registros escritos dos professores, estes tomados para interpretação pela análise textual discursiva, segundo Moraes e Galiazzi (2006, 2011). As categorias de análise, a priori, foram organizadas em três direções: i) caracterização da abordagem investigativa, quanto aos seus elementos – tarefa investigativa, atividade Matemática investigativa, comunicação como diálogo; ii) reconhecimento da complexidade pedagógica da abordagem investigativa – atenção aos princípios balizadores para a compreensão da abordagem investigativa; iii) mobilização de conhecimentos matemáticos para o ensino – conforme proposto por Ball e colaboradores (2008). A síntese dos resultados sinaliza que a ação de formação orientada por casos de ensino é potencial para a compreensão da abordagem investigativa pelos docentes e para a mobilização de conhecimentos matemáticos para o ensino. Além disso, a interpretação da análise, na busca do metatexto, aponta para a abordagem investigativa em aulas de Matemática como um conhecimento relevante à formação de professores.
O desenvolvimento do pensamento pré-algébrico: uma atividade planejada para alunos dos anos iniciais
Authors: Rehfeldt Márcia Jussara Hepp , Quartieri Marli Teresinha , Giongo Ieda Maria
Published: December 2018

O presente artigo tem como propósito apresentar resultados de uma prática em que foram problematizadas questões que contemplam a segunda concepção da álgebra conforme descrita por Usiskin (1995). O desenvolvimento das atividades envolveu docentes dos Anos Iniciais, em seis cidades localizadas no Vale do Taquari, interior do Rio Grande do Sul. Metodologicamente, trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, com características de estudo de caso. Além de analisados e descritos por atividade, os dados foram gerados por meio de materiais contemplando as respostas dos docentes, gravações, fotografias. Os resultados apontam que: a) na resolução dos problemas, os docentes utilizaram diferentes estratégias; entre elas, desenhos, escritas, esquemas, cálculos usando a aritmética; b) alguns docentes, inicialmente, resolveram as questões na forma algébrica em detrimento do uso do material didático manipulável disponibilizado; c) as atividades algébricas contemplando a segunda concepção de Usiskin (1995) podem ser exploradas com alunos dos Anos Iniciais, concebendo ideias de pensamento pré-algébrico.
Isto é (ou não é) um cachimbo?
Authors: Pinto Thiago Pedro
Published: December 2018

Neste texto abordamos a usual separação entre representante e representado, entre ficção e realidade, bem como a relação destas com “a verdade”. Estes aspectos são evidenciados para discutirmos implicações diretas para a sala de aula de Matemática e para o campo de pesquisa da Educação Matemática, mais especificamente para o ramo da História da Educação Matemática. Nossos posicionamentos estão fortemente apoiados em nossas leituras dos escritos de Ludwig Wittgenstein em sua segunda fase, que foge da questão que intitula este trabalho, propondo outras no lugar. Esta fase tem como obra principal o livro Investigações Filosóficas. Desta forma, a noção de jogos de linguagem e semelhanças de família são centrais em nossa discussão, que tenta abandonar o essencialismo e uma visão Platonista do conhecimento. A separação entre ficção e realidade é deixada para trás, no que se refere à epistemologia, esta separação não mais faz sentido, sendo então colocada de lado para se pensar em potencialidades e efeitos da produção acadêmica.
Les fleurs du mal antes de As flores do mal: os primeiríssimos baudelairianos
Authors: Meirelles Ricardo
Published: December 2018

Antes da primeira tradução completa de Les Fleurs du mal, de Charles Baudelaire, vários poetas brasileiros escolheram poemas dele para traduzir e incluir em seu repertório. Primeiro, os poemas são "aclimatados", adaptados e parafráseados por legitimar uma filiação estética, incorporados pelos poetas aos seus livros e assumidos como de sua autoria; depois, aparecem em antologias e livros exclusivos, servindo como modelo de resistência a certas novidades estéticas modernas; o amplo e intenso debate sobre a primeira recepção dos poemas de Baudelaire produziu um repertório crítico e literário composto de diversas correntes de interpretação e reconhecimento de extrema importância para a História da Literatura, como o encadeamento dos pensamentos de ASSIS (1879), CÂNDIDO (1989) e AMARAL (1996). Contudo é preciso não esquecer que existiram os "primeiríssimos baudelairianos": poetas, como o gaúcho Carlos Ferreira e o catarinense Luiz Delfino, que com sua acanhada contribuição ajudaram a garantir essa recepção e a amplitude e a intensidade desse debate.
A uma passante
Authors: Silveira Francisca Ysabelle , Watzko Paula
Published: December 2018

Adaptação do poema "A uma passante" de Charles Baudelaire para Histórias em Quadrinhos, traduzido e adaptada por Francisca Ysabelle SIlveira e ilustrada por Paula Watzko.
Uma nova leitura da vida de Charles Baudelaire: uma recepção biográfica a partir da tradução de sua correspondência
Authors: Abes Gilles Jean
Published: December 2018

O objetivo desse artigo é o propor uma outra leitura da vida do poeta Charles Baudelaire. De fato, a imagem do poeta das Flores do mal parece petrificada num discurso quase uníssono, presente em numerosas notas biográficas de traduções de grande circulação no Brasil, que faz eco ao ensaio de Ivan Junqueira, “A arte de Baudelaire” (1985). Ele afirma que o poeta, ainda criança, se revoltou com o segundo casamento da mãe, choque que marcou profundamente sua vida, que nunca se entendeu com o padrasto militar e seu meio-irmão, e que, depois de adulto, teria tido uma relação incestuosa com a mãe. Diante dessas afirmações, cuja argumentação se fundamenta sobretudo na correspondência do poeta, a proposta passa por um exame detalhado da formação daquela narrativa de vida. Nesse sentido, a tradução comentada de cartas deve, senão abalar aquele discurso, ao menos oferecer outra vereda para sua recepção biográfica.
Anthropogenic and natural drivers of a strong winter urban heat island in a typical Arctic city
Authors: Varentsov Mikhail , Konstantinov Pavel , Baklanov Alexander , Esau Igor , Miles Victoria , Davy Richard
Published: December 2018

Abstract. The Arctic has rapidly urbanized in recent decades with 2 million people
currently living in more than a hundred cities north of 65∘ N. These
cities have a harsh but sensitive climate and warming here is the principle
driver of destructive thawing, water leakages, air pollution and other
detrimental environmental impacts. This study reports on the urban
temperature anomaly in a typical Arctic city. This persistent warm anomaly
reaches up to 11 K in winter with the wintertime mean urban temperature
being 1.9 K higher on average in the city center than in the surrounding
natural landscape. An urban temperature anomaly, also known as an urban heat
island (UHI), was found using remote sensing and in situ temperature data.
High-resolution (1 km) model experiments run with and without an urban
surface parameterization helped to identify the leading physical and
geographical factors supporting a strong temperature anomaly in a cold
climate. The statistical analysis and modeling suggest that at least
50 % of this warm anomaly is caused by the UHI effect, driven mostly by
direct anthropogenic heating, while the rest is created by natural
microclimatic variability over the undulating relief of the area. The current
UHI effect can be as large as the projected, and already amplified, warming
for the region in the 21st century. In contrast to earlier reports, this
study found that the wintertime UHI in the Arctic should be largely
attributed to direct anthropogenic heating. This is a strong argument in
support of energy efficiency measures, urban climate change mitigation
policy and against high-density urban development in polar settlements. The
complex pattern of thermal conditions, as revealed in this study, challenges
urban planners to account for the observed microclimatic diversity in
perspective sustainable development solutions.
Estimating the saturation vapor pressures of isoprene oxidation products C5H12O6 and C5H10O6 using COSMO-RS
Authors: Kurtén Theo , Hyttinen Noora , D'Ambro Emma Louise , Thornton Joel , Prisle Nønne Lyng
Published: December 2018

Abstract. We have used COSMO-RS (the conductor-like screening model for real solvents),
as implemented in the COSMOtherm program, to compute the saturation vapor
pressures at 298 K of two photo-oxidation products of isoprene: the dihydroxy
dihydroperoxide C5H12O6, and the dihydroperoxy hydroxy
aldehyde, C5H10O6. The predicted saturation vapor pressures
were significantly higher (by up to a factor of 1000) than recent
experimental results, very likely due to the overestimation of the effects of
intramolecular hydrogen bonds, which tend to increase saturation vapor
pressures by stabilizing molecules in the gas phase relative to the liquid.
Modifying the hydrogen bond enthalpy parameter used by COSMOtherm can improve
the agreement with experimental results – however the optimal parameter
value is likely to be system-specific. Alternatively, vapor pressure
predictions can be substantially improved (to within a factor of 5 of the
experimental values for the two systems studied here) by selecting only
conformers with a minimum number of intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The
computed saturation vapor pressures were very sensitive to the details of the
conformational sampling approach, with the default scheme implemented in the
COSMOconf program proving insufficient for the task, for example by
predicting significant differences between enantiomers, which should have
identical physical properties. Even after exhaustive conformational sampling,
COSMOtherm predicts significant differences in saturation vapor pressures
between both structural isomers and diastereomers. For
C5H12O6, predicted differences in psat between structural
isomers are up to 2 orders of magnitude, and differences between
stereoisomers are up to a factor of 20 – though these differences are very likely
exaggerated by the overestimation of the effect of intramolecular H-bonds.
For C5H10O6, the maximum predicted differences between the
three studied structural isomers and their diastereomer pairs are around a
factor of 8 and a factor of 2, respectively, when only conformers lacking
intramolecular hydrogen bonds are included in the calculations. In future
studies of saturation vapor pressures of polyfunctional atmospheric oxidation
products using COSMOtherm, we recommend first performing thorough
conformational sampling and subsequently selecting conformers with a minimal
number of intramolecular H-bonds.
Unexpected vertical structure of the Saharan Air Layer and giant dust particles during AER-D
Authors: Marenco Franco , Ryder Claire , Estellés Victor , O'Sullivan Debbie , Brooke Jennifer , Orgill Luke , Lloyd Gary , Gallagher Martin
Published: December 2018

Abstract. The Saharan Air Layer (SAL) in the summertime eastern Atlantic is
typically well mixed and 3–4 km deep, overlying the marine boundary layer
(MBL). In this paper, we show experimental evidence that at times a very
different structure can be observed. During the AERosol properties – Dust (AER-D) airborne campaign in
August 2015, the typical structure described above was observed most of the
time, and was associated with a moderate dust content yielding an aerosol
optical depth (AOD) of 0.3–0.4 at 355 nm. In an intense event, however, an
unprecedented vertical structure was observed close to the eastern boundary
of the basin, displaying an uneven vertical distribution and a very large AOD
(1.5–2), with most of the dust in a much lower level than usual (0.3–2 km).
Estimated dust concentrations and column loadings for all flights during the
campaign spanned 300–5500 and 0.8–7.5 g m−2,
respectively. The shortwave direct radiative impact of the intense dust event
has been evaluated to be as large as -260±30 and -120±15 W m−2 at the surface and top of atmosphere (TOA), respectively. We also
report the correlation of this event with anomalous lightning activity in the
Canary Islands. In all cases, our measurements detected a broad distribution of
aerosol sizes, ranging from ∼0.1 to ∼80 µm (diameter), thus highlighting the presence of giant particles.
Giant dust particles were also found in the MBL.
We note that most aerosol models may miss the giant particles
due to the fact that they use size bins up to 10–25 µm.
The unusual vertical structure and the giant particles may have
implications for dust transport over the Atlantic during intense
events and may affect the estimate of dust deposited to the ocean.
We believe that future campaigns could focus more on events with
high aerosol load and that instrumentation capable
of detecting giant particles will be key to dust observations in
this part of the world.
Acoustic wave propagation in rivers: an experimental study
Authors: Geay Thomas , Michel Ludovic , Zanker Sébastien , Rigby James Robert
Published: December 2018

Abstract. This research has been conducted to develop the use of Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM) in rivers, a surrogate method for bedload monitoring. PAM consists in measuring the underwater noise naturally generated by bedload particles when impacting the river bed. Monitored bedload acoustic signals depend on bedload characteristics (e.g. grain size distribution, fluxes) but are also affected by the environment in which the acoustic waves are propagated. This study focuses on the determination of propagation effects in rivers. An experimental approach has been conducted in several streams to estimate acoustic propagation laws in field conditions. It is found that acoustic waves are differently propagated according to their frequency. As reported in other studies, acoustic waves are affected by the existence of a cutoff frequency in the kHz region. This cutoff frequency is inversely proportional to the water depth: larger water depth enables a better propagation of the acoustic waves at low frequency. Above the cutoff frequency, attenuation coefficients are found to increase linearly with frequency. The power of bedload sounds is more attenuated at higher frequencies than at low frequencies which means that, above the cutoff frequency, sounds of big particles are better propagated than sounds of small particles. Finally, it is observed that attenuation coefficients are variable within 2 orders of magnitude from one river to another. Attenuation coefficients are compared to several characteristics of the river (e.g. bed slope, bed rugosity). It is found that acoustic waves are better propagated in rivers characterised by smaller bed slopes. Bed rugosity and the presence of air bubbles in the water column are suspected to constrain the attenuation of acoustic wave in rivers.
Los "praefecti" “municipales” a la luz de la documentación conservada en la "Hispania" romana: reflexiones y principales testimonios sobre una promagistratura cívica
Authors: Melchor Gil Enrique , Torres-González Víctor A.
Published: December 2018

En una primera parte de este trabajo planteamos que desde fines de la República (44-42 a.C.) la prefectura, como promagistratura cívica, debió estar ya implantada en diferentes municipios itálicos y colonias, coexistiendo con el interregnum. En estas fechas o poco después, entre el 43 y el 32 a.C., debieron comenzar a aparecer los prefectos nombrados por los senados locales, quienes empezarán progresivamente a sustituir a los interreges. A continuación, analizamos la figura del prefecto único, que aparece establecida en el capítulo vigesimoquinto de las leyes de Irni y Salpensa, que entendemos debió tener una vigencia temporal muy limitada, terminando por realizar un detallado estudio del perfil sociopolítico de quienes fueron praefecti municipales en las ciudades de la Hispania romana.
The Impact of Brand Identification, Brand Equity, Brand Reputation on Brand Loyalty: Mediating Role of Brand Affect in Pakistan
Authors: Mahmood Tayyaba , Qaseem Shumaila , Ali Qazi Muhammad , Ali Hafiz Fawad , Humayon Asad Afzal , Gohar Amna
Published: December 2018

Brand loyalty has been an important factor for quite a while in marketing structure of the organizations. Organizations tend to achieve brand loyalty through employing different strategies and by engaging customers to produce a sense of belongingness among them regarding the brand. One of the major sector that has shown a great trend and growth in recent era is the apparel industry of Pakistan. However, little studies have tried to conceptualize and check the influence of brand related concepts on the brand loyalty in Pakistan. Current study has tried to check the influence of Brand Reputation, Brand Identification, Brand Equity and Brand Effect on Brand Loyalty. An important contribution of the study was to consider the brand affect as the mediating variable among the Brand Reputation, Brand Identification, Brand Equity and Brand Loyalty. 180 questionnaires were distributed among the students of the universities and the 166 valid questionnaires were considered for the data analysis giving use response rate of 92%. Correlational and regression analysis was used to check the influence of the independent variables on the dependent variable while package of Preacher and Hayes 2016 was used for the mediation analysis. Limitations and Future Directions have been discussed in the study as well.
Online Social Network Viability: Misinformation Management Based on Service and Systems Theories
Authors: Gaeta Matteo , Loia Francesca , Sarno Debora , Carrubbo Luca
Published: December 2018

This paper provides a practical example of how service and systems theories can be successfully integrated to develop a comprehensive analysis and theorization of solutions for a specific issue, that is, misinformation management in online social network sites (OSNs). A literature review and elaboration of different theories (service science, service-dominant logic, viable systems approach) and approaches (collective intelligence and collective knowledge systems, group decision making) specifically related to ONS is developed and presented in the form of propositions and constructs. It results that the issue of misinformation in OSNs can be analyzed as a threat to service (eco) system viability, while technological solutions, engagement and the participation of communities by means of collective knowledge systems should be adopted as strategies to align with relevant supra-systems to survive. The originality of the paper relies on the following: (i) expanding service research analysis horizons to OSNs; (ii) providing a practical example of how Service Science, Service-Dominant Logic and Viable Systems Approach perspectives can be integrated to theorize and practically find ways to re-shape contexts, such as OSN misinformation management; and (iii) presenting a multidisciplinary conceptual model to the OSN literature, based on service systems and service ecosystems, linking theory to practice.
Koncepcja rasy we lwowskiej szkole typologicznej
Authors: Wężowicz-Ziólkowska Dobrosława
Published: December 2018

The article presents the concept of race developed in 1913–1938 by the so-called Lviv typological school, constituting one of the factions of the then actively developed Polish anthropology. The author discusses the concepts of this school in the broad context of the era, stating that the concepts of the school, including the concepts of its founder – Jan Czekanowski, built on the grounds of the Mendelian inheritance theory and fascination with quantitative methods, despite seeking objectivity were determined by the then spreading idea of human racial diversity.
„Połniejszyj bardak i untiergang”. O degeneracji w literaturze (z nieustającym odniesieniem do Maxa Nordaua)
Authors: Kącka Eliza
Published: December 2018

The article deals with the topic of degeneration, thereby bringing back the name Max
Nordau for reflection on the literature of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century.
Nordau’s writings are not, however, the subject of autonomous reflection or ideological
reconstruction here. The aim is to present a model of the attitude stigmatizing everything that
the author of Entartung considered a disease. Branding literature and art as degenerate meets
with the crisis of the late nineteenth century – partly envisaging this crisis, partly aggravating
it. In this perspective – tracing the signs of degeneration not following Nordau, but referring
to his diagnoses – I read selected works of H.G. Wells, Wacław Berent, Jerzy Żuławski, and
Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz. The theme of degeneration itself is differently functionalized
and metaphorized in their writings. Common for them appears to be a pessimistic attitude
to evolution as in fact involution, increasing morbidity, bestiality, misfortune.
Podróżniczki wobec Innego. Rasa w rozumieniu Marii Rakowskiej i Heleny Pajzderskiej (na przykładzie Podróży Polki do Persji i nowel z tomu Z dalekich lądów)
Authors: Jahnke Ida
Published: December 2018

The article presents the perception of the concept of race in texts of two travel writers: Maria Rakowska and Helena Pajzderska. It points to similarities and differences between the concepts of the authors and the anthropological discourse of the second half of the 19th century. Further, it is demonstrated that the authors extended racial typologies based on the physiological difference with reflection on social and cultural diversity (the concept of family, everyday life). The final remarks lead to considerations on the relationship between the literary genre and the 19th-century travel discourse.
‘Yellow Race’ in Polish and Serbian Travel Writing from the Second Half of the 19th Century and the First Half of the 20th Century
Authors: Ewertowski Tomasz
Published: December 2018

The main goal of the paper is to show how a discourse on the so-called yellow race functioned in the Polish and Serbian travel writings from the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. Examination of the semantics of the term ‘yellow race’ is also proffered. Analysis of writers from Poland and Serbia makes it possible to introduce an interesting comparative perspective. Three main problems analyzed in the article are: a conflict of races, interracial relationships and the so-called yellow peril.
Autorstwo własnego życia osoby z niepełnosprawnością (AW-OzN) – od źródeł i konstruktu teoretycznego do projektowania etapów i procedur badawczych
Authors: Głodkowska Joanna , Gosk Urszula
Published: December 2018

Celem tego artykułu jest zaprezentowanie teoretycznych podstaw i wyłonienie kontekstów znaczeniowych koncepcji autorstwa własnego życia osoby z niepełnosprawnością (AWŻ-OzN) oraz wstępne sformułowanie ustaleń metodologicznych związanych z projektowaniem etapów i procedur badawczych. W artykule zostało zdefiniowane pojęcie autorstwa własnego życia osoby z niepełnosprawnością (AWŻ-OzN) w kategoriach wielowymiarowego konstruktu identyfikują¬cego: (1) podmiotowe doświadczenia, (2) dobrostan, (3) niezależność, (4) satysfakcjonującą reali¬zację zadań rozwojowych oraz (5) skuteczne wykorzystywanie wsparcia społecznego. Za podsta¬wę do opracowania koncepcji AWŻ-OzN uznano zmianę paradygmatyczną niepełnosprawności pierwszej dekady XXI w. oraz holistyczną, interdyscyplinarną perspektywę ujmowania osoby z niepełnosprawnością. W artykule odwołano się również do zmiany metodologicznej związa¬nej z pojawieniem się paradygmatu partycypacyjnego badań. Wstępnie sformułowano zadania badawcze, realizowane w pięciu etapach. Podkreślono, że autorstwo własnego życia osoby z nie¬pełnosprawnością jest humanistyczną koncepcją diagnozy i rehabilitacji oraz należy do nurtu kreującego w społeczeństwie pozytywny, sprawczy wizerunek osoby z niepełnosprawnością.
The Ikhwan al-Safa’’s Animal Accusers:
Authors: Loevy Katharine ,   International Association for Environmental Philosophy
Published: December 2018

In the tenth-century Iraqi fable, The Case of the Animals versus Man Before the King of the Jinn, the animals take the human beings to court for mistreatment. The humans ultimately win the case, but not without the animals presenting a series of arguments that continue to resonate despite the ending of the trial. The following essay provides an analysis of a number of these arguments insofar as they contest human abuses of animals within the context of enslavement. It offers evidence on both philosophical and historical grounds for why we need to rethink the received interpretation of the fable’s controversial ending.
Un conjunto de arreos de bronce de la colección Juan Cabré: aportaciones al estudio del atalaje ecuestre en la Protohistoria Ibérica = A Set of Bronze Horse Bits in the Juan Cabré Museum: A Contribution to the Study of Equestrian Harness in Iberian Iron Age
Authors: Jiménez Ávila Javier
Published: December 2018

Se estudia un conjunto de objetos formado por dos embocaduras de caballo y dos camas laterales de bronce conservados en el Museo Juan Cabré de Calaceite (Teruel). Corresponden a la colección que reunió D. Juan Cabré Aguiló y que, a su muerte, fue dividida entre sus dos hijos. No se conocen datos acerca de su procedencia ni sobre el modo en que llegaron los objetos a la colección, pero la calidad del material y la escasez de este tipo de productos en la arqueología peninsular elevan su interés. De su estudio se deriva su relación con un conjunto de arreos que se producen y se usan en la península ibérica a finales de la I Edad del Hierro y que cuenta con buenas representaciones en la Extremadura post-orientalizante y en la Alta Andalucía ibérica, particularmente en la zona de Jaén.An equestrian set composed by two bronze horse bits and two bit guards, also made in bronze, is studied. They are preserved in the Juan Cabré Museum (Calaceite, Spain) corresponding to the collection gathered by the Spanish archaeologist Juan Cabré Aguiló (1882-1947). Data about origin or the way that such objects came to the Cabré Collection are unknown, but their quality and the shortage of this type of objects in the Iberian archaeology underline their interest. The study shows a near relationship with a kind of bronze harnesses that were produced and used in Iberian Peninsula at the end of the Early Iron Age. This kind of bits have good references in the post-Orientalizing Extremadura and in the Iberian high Andalusia, particularly in the Jaén area.
La terra sigillata  itálica decorada proveniente del Ager Salaciensis (Alcácer Do Sal, Portugal) = Decorated Italian Samian Ware Found at the Ager Salaciensis  (Alcácer Do Sal, Portugal)
Authors: De Sepúlveda Eurico , Bolila Catarina , Ferreira Marisol
Published: December 2018

Os autores retomam a investigação sobre as cerâmicas de terra sigillata de tipo itálico decorada pertencentes aos espólios provenientes do Museu de Pedro Nunes (Alcácer do Sal). Ao conjunto obtido de 41 peças foram feitas novas abordagens, com o fim de se obterem identificações sobre os punções aplicados, recorrendo a outros ramos ligados à arqueologia, como sejam a numismática, a estatuária e a pintura parietal romana. O espólio ofereceu um intervalo cronológico desde a segunda metade do séc. I a. C. até ao segundo quartel do séc. II d. C., com exemplares de terra sigillata tardo-itálica.Con este estudio los autores retoman la investigación sobre las cerámicas de terra sigillata de tipo itálico decorada pertenecientes a los hallazgos del Museo de Pedro Nunes (Alcácer do Sal). El conjunto obtenido de 41 piezas fue sometido a nuevos enfoques con el fin de obtener identificaciones significativas sobre las punciones aplicadas recurriendo a otros ramos relacionados con la arqueología, como son la numismática, la estatuaria y la pintura parietal romana. El material identificado recorre un intervalo cronológico desde la segunda mitad del siglo I a. C. hasta el segundo cuarto del siglo II d. C.After a paper published concerning fragments hold at the Museu de Pedro Nunes (Alcácer do Sal), the authors present a new set of 41 fragments found mainly on field surveys. The authors took new approaches to identify the decorative motives depicted in them, in other scientific fields such as: coinage, statuary, painted friezes on walls, as well as in Ancient History narrations. This set ranges from the mid/third quarter of the first century BC to 135 AD.
Reseña de: Acero Pérez, Jesús: La gestión de los residuos en Augusta Emerita. Siglos I a.C.- VII d.C.
Authors: Pavía Page Marta
Published: December 2018

Acero Pérez, Jesús: La gestión de los residuos en Augusta Emerita. Siglos I a.C.- VII d.C. Madrid: Anejos de AEspA LXXXII, 2018. 437 pp. ISBN 978-84-0010329-3
Century-scale changes in phytoplankton phenology in the Gulf of Maine
Authors: Record Nicholas R , Balch William M , Stamieszkin Karen
Published: December 2018

The phenology of major seasonal events is an important indicator of climate. We analyzed multiple datasets of in situ chlorophyll measurements from the Gulf of Maine dating back to the early 20th century in order to detect climate-scale changes in phenology. The seasonal cycle was consistently characterized by a two-bloom pattern, with spring and autumn blooms. The timing of both spring and autumn blooms has shifted later in the year at rates ranging from ~1 to 9 days per decade since 1960, depending on the phenology metric, and trends only emerged at time scales of >40 years. Bloom phenology had only weak correlations with major climate indices. There were stronger associations between bloom timing and physical and chemical variables. Autumn bloom initiation correlated strongly with surface temperature and salinity, and spring bloom with nutrients. A later spring bloom also correlated with an increased cohort of Calanus finmarchicus, suggesting broader ecosystem implications of phytoplankton phenology.
Using machine learning to predict DNA read alignment quality
Authors: Porter Jacob
Published: December 2018

An empirical understanding of how DNA read features affect read mapping and alignment quality could be useful in designing better read mapping and alignment software, read trimmers, and sequence masks. Many programs appear to use arbitrarily chosen features that are putatively relevant to DNA alignment quality. Machine learning gives a ready way to empirically assess a variety of features and rank them according to their importance. Sequence complexity features such as run length distribution, DUST, and entropy and quality measures from the DNA read data were used to predict read mapping quality on Ion Torrent and Illumina data sets using both bisulfite-treated and untreated short DNA reads. Surprisingly, run length distribution mean and variance did as well or better than DUST and entropy even though several programs use DUST and entropy. Predictive accuracy of the models had F1-scores between 0.5-0.95; thus, the feature set is useful for understanding alignment quality.
Ranaviruses and reptiles
Authors: Wirth Wytamma , Schwarzkopf Lin , Skerratt Lee F. , Ariel Ellen
Published: December 2018

Ranaviruses can infect many vertebrate classes including fish, amphibians and reptiles, but for the most part, research has been focused on non-reptilian hosts, amphibians in particular. More recently, reports of ranaviral infections of reptiles are increasing with over 12 families of reptiles currently susceptible to ranaviral infection. Reptiles are infected by ranaviruses that are genetically similar to, or the same as, the viruses that infect amphibians and fish; however, physiological and ecological differences result in differences in study designs. Although ranaviral disease in reptiles is often influenced by host species, viral strain and environmental differences, general trends in pathogenesis are emerging. More experimental studies using a variety of reptile species, life stages and routes of transmission are required to unravel the complexity of wild ranavirus transmission. Further, our understanding of the reptilian immune response to ranaviral infection is still lacking, although the considerable amount of work conducted in amphibians will serve as a useful guide for future studies in reptiles.
Inhibins regulate peripheral regulatory T cell induction through modulation of dendritic cell function
Authors: de la Fuente‐Granada Marisol , Olguín‐Alor Roxana , Ortega‐Francisco Sandra , Bonifaz Laura C. , Soldevila Gloria
Published: December 2018

We have previously reported that the absence of inhibins results in impaired dendritic cell (DC) maturation and function, leading to decreased T cell activation and diminished delayed‐type hypersensitivity responses. Here, we investigated the role of inhibins in peripheral regulatory T cell (Treg) induction in vitro and in vivo. Inhibin deficient (Inhα−/−) mice showed an increased percentage of peripherally induced Tregs in colonic lamina propria and mesenteric lymph nodes, compared to Inhα+/+ mice, which correlated with increased expression of PD‐L1 in CD103+ and CD8α+ DCs. Lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated bone marrow‐derived and ex vivo spleen‐ and lymph node‐purified CD11c+ Inhα−/− DCs induced higher Tregs in vitro. Moreover, in vivo anti‐DEC205‐ovalbumin (OVA) DC targeting of mice with adoptively transferred OVA‐specific T cells showed enhanced induced peripheral Treg conversion in Inhα−/− mice. These data identify inhibins as key regulators of peripheral T cell tolerance.
C
ryptosporangiaceae
Authors: Kämpfer Peter , Glaeser Stefanie P.
Published: December 2018

Cryp.to.spo.ran.gi.a.ce'ae. N.L. neut. n.
Cryptosporangium
, type genus of the family; suff.
‐aceae
ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Cryptosporangiaceae
, the
Cryptosporangium
family.

Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Frankiales / Cryptosporangiaceae

Phylogenetically, a member of the order “
Frankiales
”. The family contains the genera
Cryptosporangium
and
Fodinicola
. Although most members of the order “
Frankiales
” do not form both substrate and aerial mycelia, members of this family show these structures. Sporangiospores occur occasionaly. Motile or nonmotile. Cross‐linkage of peptidoglycan is by the A type. The diagnostic diamino acids include
meso
‐diaminopimelic acid. Each peptidoglycan is directly linked without interpeptide bridges, and the muramic acid in peptidoglycan is
N
‐acetylated. Methyl 14‐methylpentadecanoate (iso‐C
16:0
) is the prominent fatty acid, but C
17:1
, 10‐methyl C
17:0
, and C
18:1
may also be present. Menaquinones MK‐9(H
6
), MK‐9(H
4
), and MK‐9(H
8
) are the predominant isoprenoid quinones, and MK‐9(H
2
) may also be present.

DNA G
+
C content
(
mol
%): 65 and 76.

Type genus
:
Cryptosporangium
Tamura Hayakawa and Hatano 1998, 1003
VP
.
L
ongimicrobiaceae
Authors: Pascual Javier , Genilloud Olga
Published: December 2018

Lon.gi.mi.cro.bi.a.ce'ae. N.L. neut. n.
Longimicrobium
type genus of the family; suff. ‐
aceae
ending to denote a family; N.L. neut. pl. n.
Longimicrobiaceae
the
Longimicrobium
family.

Gemmatimonadetes / Longimicrobia / Longimicrobiales / Longimicrobiaceae

The
Longimicrobiaceae
are delineated from other taxa based on 16S rRNA gene analysis. The family is a member of the order
Longimicrobiales
within the class
Longimicrobia
(formerly group 3 of the taxonomic scheme proposed by Hanada and Sekiguchi, 2014). Gram‐negative, nonmotile, short to long rod‐shaped bacteria with an aerobic chemoorganoheterotrophic metabolism. Mesophilic, neutrophilic or slightly alkaliphilic, and nonhalophilic bacteria. The major fatty acids are iso‐C
17:1
ω9
c
, summed feature 3 (C
16:1
ω7
c
and/or iso‐C
15:0
2‐OH), C
16:0
, and iso‐C
17:0
. Major polar lipids are phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, two unidentified glycolipids, and three phospholipids. The major isoprenoid quinone is MK‐8. The diagnostic diamino acid is meso‐diaminopimelic acid. The sole cultured representative of the family so far is the type strain of
Longimicrobium terrae
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 67.0 (HPLC).

Type genus
:
Longimicrobium
Pascual, García‐López, Bills and Genilloud 2016, 1982
VP
.
C
ryptosporangium
Authors: Kämpfer Peter , Glaeser Stefanie P.
Published: December 2018

Cryp.to.spo.ran'gi.um. Gr. adj.
kryptos
hidden; N.L. n.
sporangium
[from Gr. fem. n.
spora
a seed (and in biology a spore) and Gr. neut. n.
angeion
(Latin transliteration
angium
) vessel], sporangium; N.L. neut. n.
Cryptosporangium
an organism with sporangia (spore containing vessels) covered or hidden by mycelium.

Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Frankiales / Cryptosporangiaceae / Cryptosporangium

Gram‐stain‐positive, non‐acid‐fast, aerobic organisms with branching hyphae. Nonfragmentary substrate mycelia are present. The sporangia and aerial mycelia aggregate (Figure 1), and
sporangiospores show motility
when they are suspended in water. Morphology of a 2‐week‐old culture grown on inorganic salts‐starch agar shows the presence of aerial mycelia. Strictly aerobic. Good growth occurs at 20–25°C. The organisms show good growth on oatmeal agar, inorganic salts‐starch agar, and peptone‐yeast extract iron agar. In general, the vegetative mycelia are yellow to orange, and the aerial mycelia are white.

Cell walls contain glutamic acid, glucosamine, glycine, alanine, and
meso
‐DAP

. Glucose and acofriose (3‐
O
‐methyl‐rhamnose) are detected as whole‐cell sugars. Major cellular fatty acids are C
17:1
, C
18:1
, and C
16:0
iso. The major menaquinone is MK‐9(H
6
); small amounts of MK‐9(H
4
) and MK‐9(H
8
) are also present. Phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol are present as diagnostic phospholipids.
The acyl type of the cell wall polysaccharides is acetyl
(Tamura et al., 1998). Isolated from soil.

DNA G
+
C content
(
mol
%): 70–76 (HPLC).

Type species
:
Cryptosporangium arvum
Tamura, Hayakawa and Hatano 1998, 1003
VP
.