bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automatic geo‐localization framework without GNSS data
Authors: Tang Jin , Gong Cheng , Guo Fan , Yang Zirong , Wu Zhihu
Published: March 2022

The information unavailability of a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) for geo‐localization in many military and tourism applications implies the need to employ other applicable types of information, such as automatic image‐based location recognition. Unlike most existing localization methods that use GNSS information to locate an initial position, this paper proposes an automatic geo‐localization framework that does not require GNSS data. The proposed framework is a two‐stage pipeline that uses a query image and digital elevation model (DEM) data as input. The authors frame automatic geo‐localization without GNSS recordings as a skyline matching problem. By extracting the skyline from the DEM data and query images, the query image can be localized by matching the query skyline feature to the DEM skyline database. It has been demonstrated that this low‐cost approach can perform efficiently in mountainous or hilly areas to produce reliable localization results. The system was tested on 50 testing site points within a large‐scale area (China, 202.6 km2), and an average position error of 43.13 m was detected within 4.5 s.
Fast frequency response provision from commercial demand response, from scheduling to stability in power systems
Authors: Misaghian M. Saeed , O'Dwyer Ciara , Flynn Damian
Published: March 2022

Reduced numbers of online conventional generators, due to increasing shares of renewable energy sources, are increasing the requirement for a fast frequency response capability from reserve providers when a large infeed/outfeed trips. The commercial demand‐side sector, considering its size (MW/MWh) and existing communication and control infrastructure, makes it a potential valuable source of flexibility provision. Supermarket refrigeration systems are considered here as being representative of commercial end‐uses, with individual devices stochastically simulated under different ambient conditions, supermarket occupancy, food categories, and refrigeration performance. An aggregated fleet of supermarket loads are then created to provide a system‐wide reserve response. The all‐island power system of Northern Ireland and Republic of Ireland, with a horizon of 2030, is considered as a representative case study. Three distinct demand‐side frequency control methods, including static, droop, and hybrid control are presented and developed within a stability analysis platform. Year‐long simulation results show a general improvement in the frequency nadir and (maximum) rate of change of frequency when supermarkets are providing fast frequency response services to the grid, with the likelihood of severe transients (frequency nadir <49 Hz) greatly reduced (82% improvement), depending on the FFR control design, and associated speed of response.
Developments in the Alkynyltrifluoromethylations of Alkenes and Alkynes
Authors: Kiss Loránd , Remete Attila M. , Nonn Melinda , Volk Balázs
Published: March 2022

As a consequence of the expanding relevance of fluorine-containing organic molecules in drug research, the synthesis of organofluorine scaffolds has high significance in synthetic organic chemistry. Trifluoromethylative difunctionalizations of carbon–carbon multiple bonds, with the simultaneous introduction of a CF3 group and another function, have considerable potential. Considering the high importance of carbon–carbon bond-forming reactions in organic synthesis, carbotrifluoromethylations and, in particular, alkynyltrifluoromethylations have increasing interest in synthetic chemistry. Alkynyltrifluoromethylation is a narrow area and a relatively new approach in synthetic chemistry­; however it has not been reviewed so far. Our goal in this short review is to summarize recent developments in alkynyltrifluoromethylation reactions by considering: (a) alkynyltrifluoromethylation reactions of alkenes, including reactions involving either intramolecular alkynyl migration or intermolecular transformation, and (b) alkynyltrifluoromethylation reactions of alkynes.

1 Introduction

2 Alkynyltrifluoromethylation Reactions of Alkenes

2.1 Reactions Involving Intramolecular Alkynyl Migration

2.2 Intermolecular Reactions

3 Alkynyltrifluoromethylation Reactions of Alkynes

4 Summary and Outlook
Searching of Clinical Trials Made Easier in cBioPortal Using Patients' Genetic and Clinical Profiles
Authors: Unberath Philipp , Mahlmeister Lukas , Reimer Niklas , Busch Hauke , Boerries Melanie , Christoph Jan
Published: March 2022

Background Molecular tumor boards (MTBs) cope with the complexity of an increased usage of genome sequencing data in cancer treatment. As for most of these patients, guideline-based therapy options are exhausted, finding matching clinical trials is crucial. This search process is often performed manually and therefore time consuming and complex due to the heterogeneous and challenging dataset.

Objectives In this study, a prototype for a search tool was developed to demonstrate how cBioPortal as a clinical and genomic patient data source can be integrated with ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of clinical studies to simplify the search for trials based on genetic and clinical data of a patient. The design of this tool should rest on the specific needs of MTB participants and the architecture of the integration should be as lightweight as possible and should not require manual curation of trial data in advance with the goal of quickly and easily finding a matching study.

Methods Based on a requirements analysis, interviewing MTB experts, a prototype was developed. It was further refined using a user-centered development process with multiple feedback loops. Finally, the usability of the application was evaluated with user interviews including the thinking-aloud protocol and the system usability scale (SUS) questionnaire.

Results The integration of ClinicalTrials.gov in cBioPortal is achieved by a new tab in the patient view where the genomic profile for the search is prefilled and additional parameters can be adjusted. These parameters are then used to query the application programming interface (API) of ClinicalTrials.gov. The returned search results subsequently are ranked and presented to the user. The evaluation of the application resulted in an SUS score of 83.5.

Conclusion This work demonstrates the integration of cBioPortal with ClinicalTrials.gov to use clinical and genomic patient data to search for appropriate trials within an MTB.
The role of continuous phase rheology on the stabilization of edible foams: A review
Authors: Briceño-Ahumada Zenaida , Mikhailovskaya Alesya , Staton Jennifer A.
Published: March 2022

Foams play an essential role in food. They contribute to the texture, aroma, and mouthfeel of a product; potentially reduce calories; and visually inspire the consumer. Understanding factors that control foam structure and bubble lifetimes is, therefore, of considerable interest. This review focuses on the effect of the continuous phase rheology for bubbly systems with an emphasis on edible foams. We review common biopolymers used to alter the rheology of the continuous phase of food foams and discuss potential mechanisms responsible for the production and stabilization of such systems. Variations to the matrix (i.e., foamulsions and oil-based foams) and the addition of gelling particles are also considered. This review emphasizes the necessity for fine control over the mechanical properties of the continuous phase to achieve the desired sensorial attributes and foam stability in food products. However, the dynamics of viscoelastic food foams are poorly understood due to their complex nature. We, therefore, discuss rheological studies on model foams and provide future directions for research that is in keeping with current trends and challenges in the food industry and culinary arts.
Multi-ion scattering of charged carriers by ionized impurities in heavily doped semiconductors: From bulk to nanowires
Authors: Kovalenko Konstantin L. , Kozlovskiy Sergei I. , Sharan Nicolai N. , Venger Eugeniy F.
Published: March 2022

Analytical expressions for the low-field mobility in heavily doped 3D, 2D, and 1D semiconductor structures are obtained using the quantum-kinetic approach. The study takes into account the multi-ion (M-ion) scattering of charge carriers by ionized impurities. The calculated dependences of the carrier mobility on doping concentration are compared with experiment in the heavily doped bulk materials (3D) Si, InP, GaAs, n-In0.49Ga0.51P, in heavily doped In0.15Ga0.85As quantum wells and InN nanowires, respectively. When calculating mobility in n-Si, the anisotropic effective masses of electrons in the valleys are taken into account. We explain the difference in the electron mobility of n-Si bulk crystals heavily doped by phosphorus and arsenic in the framework of the M-ion scattering model, which considers the scattering of electrons by interaction potentials with two characteristic lengths: the screening length and the effective radius of the doping ion. The number of ions M participating in the scattering process depends on the effective masses of charge carriers. For the light carriers with effective masses m<0.1m0 (m0 is the free electron mass), the two-ion (M = 2) scattering is more probable. For carriers with higher effective masses, three- and four-ion scattering is relevant.
Disordered to ordered phase transformation: Correlation between microstructure and magnetic properties in Fe–Pd thin films
Authors: Bahamida S. , Fnidiki A. , Coïsson M. , Olivetti E. S. , Barrera G. , Celegato F. , Tiberto P. , Boudissa M.
Published: March 2022

The kinetics of the transformation from the disordered to the ordered phase has been studied in Fe56Pd44 thin films deposited on silicon substrates by Joule evaporation. Subsequent thermal treatments at 550 °C in vacuum were performed at different annealing times to promote the formation and the optimization of the ordered L10 FePd phase. X-ray diffraction allowed us to investigate the microstructure of the samples (grain size, volume fraction of the transformed phase, order parameter of the ordered phase, and average order of the alloy), whereas magnetic measurements allowed us to evaluate coercivity and to independently estimate the volume fraction of the ordered L10 phase. The kinetics of the transformation turned out to reach completion after 20 min of annealing time with the grain size growing with a power law with an exponent equal to 8.24. The resulting monophasic film has a high density of defects, which contribute to the magnetic coercivity. A linear relationship between the coercive field and the average order parameter of the alloy has been established. Finally, the evolution of the transformed phase obeys Avrami's law with an exponent of ∼0.4, indicating that the transformation is controlled by the nucleation mechanism without grain growth.
Persistent photoconductivity in a-IGZO thin films induced by trapped electrons and metastable donors
Authors: Wang Chen , Lu Wenmo , Li Fengnan , Ning Haiyue , Ma Fei
Published: March 2022

Amorphous In–Ga–Zn–O (a-IGZO) thin films are prepared by pulsed laser deposition and fabricated into thin film transistors (TFTs). The concentration of oxygen vacancies in a-IGZO thin films is determined by the deposition oxygen pressure, as characterized by in situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The oxygen vacancies could induce persistent photoconductivity (PPC) and thus the negative shift of threshold voltage of the TFTs under illumination. The PPC in a-IGZO is quantitatively described by the time constant (τ) of decay current. The continuous illumination could cause a fast decay (τ ∼ 0.1 s) and a slow decay (τ ∼ 100 s); however, the pulsed laser (20 ns duration) just results in the fast decay (τ ∼ 0.1 s). The fast decay is temperature independent and can be ascribed to the transition of trapped electrons at 0.035–0.75 eV below the conduction band. The slow decay occurs at 210 K or above, resulting from the generation of metastable donors at 0.9 and 19.3 meV below the conduction band. The thermal activation energies required for the generation and annihilation of the metastable donors are 2.2 and 375 meV, respectively. The spectrum response of photocurrent (600–300 nm) and density functional theory calculation illustrate that the metastable donors are transformed from the neutral oxygen vacancies at a highly localized valence band tail.
Two-exciton bound state quantum self-trapping in an extended star graph
Authors: Pouthier Vincent
Published: March 2022

An attractive Bose–Hubbard model is applied for describing quantum self-trapping in an extended star graph. In the strong coupling limit and when two excitons are created on the core of the star, the dynamics is dominated by pair states whose properties are governed by the branch number N. When N = 2, the star reduces to a linear chain so that the energy does not self-localize. Conversely, when N ≥ 3, restructuring of the eigenstates arises and a low-energy state occurs describing a pair localized on the core of the star. Preferentially excited, this localized state gives rise to quantum self-trapping of the energy, a process that intensifies as N increases.
Clustering a database of optically absorbing organic molecules via a hierarchical fingerprint scheme that categorizes similar functional molecular fragments
Authors: Flanagan Padraic J. , Cole Jacqueline M.
Published: March 2022

A measure of chemical similarity is only useful if it implies similarity in some relevant property space. Typically, similarity calculations operate by assigning each molecule a chemical fingerprint: a fixed-length vector of bits where the on-bits signify the presence of a certain feature. Common fingerprinting schemes, such as extended-connectivity fingerprints, are by definition general and fail to capture much of the domain-specific theory that underpins similarity in a specific domain. In this work, a hierarchical fingerprinting scheme is developed that is bespoke to a database of ∼4500 organic molecules and their cognate optical absorption spectral properties. Our fingerprinting scheme incorporates molecular fragmentation and domain-specific chemical intuition into an algorithm that categorizes each fragment as being one of a core chemical group, a substituent, or a bridge. The algorithm is applied to every molecule in the database to generate a pool of chemically relevant fragments that are labeled according to their structural category. The fingerprint of each molecule is then composed of a nested Python dictionary specifying the unique identifiers of its constituent fragment entities and the structural links between them to give a hierarchical molecular encoding scheme. Four case studies show the application of our fingerprinting scheme to the subject database. In each case, the clustered molecules display a host of interesting chemical trends. The application that was used to develop and implement this bespoke fingerprinting scheme, referred to as ChemCluster, also exposes a host of other cheminformatics tools pertaining to this database, a selection of which is demonstrated in this work. The enhanced similarity comparisons afforded by our fingerprinting scheme, as well as the large repository of categorized fragments generated during its development, constitute the first step toward using this database in a data-driven materials discovery workflow.
Multipass Yb : KGW disk amplifier
Authors: Potemkin A.K. , Martyanov M.A. , Mironov S.Yu.
Published: March 2022

We have investigated a multipass Yb : KGW disk amplifier based on the White cell configuration and pumped by a laser diode with a fibre output. It is shown that the three-mirror layout of the cell is three times more efficient than the four-mirror one, since the size and position of the signal beam on the surface of the active element do not depend on the cell number of passes. For a three-mirror cell scheme, a small-signal gain G = 168 is obtained in experiments for a pump power of 360 W. The experimentally achieved gain of two such amplifiers arranged in series is 6 × 104, which exceeds G
2 approximately two-fold.
Absorption spectra and mechanical properties of C : F nanocoatings deposited from laser plasma onto leucosapphire surface
Authors: Sergeev P.B. , Kravchuk K.S. , Morozov N.V.
Published: March 2022

It is experimentally shown that during laser annealing of micron layers of fluorocarbon oil by high-power KrF laser radiation pulses, C : F nanocoatings with a thickness of up to ∼100 nm can be synthesised on a leucosapphire surface. The absorption spectra of these coatings, measured in the 0.19 – 6 μm range, virtually coincided with the absorption spectra of fluorographene in the quantum energy range of 5 ± 1 eV. The nanohardness and elasticity modulus of the C : F nanocoatings are found to be 7 and 250 GPa, respectively, which is close to the characteristics of fluorographene.
Mobile gentrifers and leavers: tourist dwelling as an agent of exclusion in Barcelona.
Authors: Mendoza Javier Macías , Russo Antonio Paolo
Published: March 2022

The rise in popularity of short-term rentals (STRs) has been widely noted to affect housing affordability, thus presenting itself as a driver of social exclusion in tourist cities. It is also suggested, but less documented, that rent infation is not the only factor that may be pushing autochthonous residents out of neighbourhoods experiencing intense 'airbnbization'. Dwelling in STRs unfolds in ways that could be challenging to many aspects of everyday life for a stable population, such as night rest, security, familiarity with neighbours, health, and access to basic services. Our research on such issues is carried out in Vila de Gràcia, a neighbourhood of Barcelona where traditional gentrifcation is enmeshed with the rising tourist profle of the area. In our feldwork we examined how residents perceive and cope with such pressures and investigated how (and to what extent) the material hindrances produced by temporary dwelling can trigger the decision to move out.
Airbnb guests' pro-environmental behaviour and community resilience: mitigating the negative impacts of Airbnb tourism.
Authors: Xie Jing-hua , Gjerald Olga
Published: March 2022

Despite the significant amount of literature on tourists' pro-environmental behaviour (PEB), there is no study to systematically investigate the PEB of Airbnb guests. Understanding Airbnb guests' PEB is important to improve the host communities' resilience and mitigate the negative impacts associated with Airbnb growth. This chapter examines the determinants to Airbnb guests' PEB focusing on guests' knowledge of and concern about the environment. A binary logit model was applied using the survey data collected from Norwegian university students. The results support the hypothesis that Airbnb guests' environmental knowledge and concern are important in influencing their PEB. The study further tested if Airbnb guests behave differently when they are in or close to their home and when they travel. The findings show that respondents' behaviour does not seem to differ significantly. The study results enhance understanding of the Airbnb's impact on host communities and highlight the need to design PEB strategies specifically targeting Airbnb guests for successful destination governance and improved community resilience.
Modeling of lead-bismuth gallate glass ultra-flatted normal dispersion photonic crystal fiber infiltrated with tetrachloroethylene for high coherence mid-infrared supercontinuum generation
Authors: Van Lanh Chu , Le Hieu Van , Nguyen Nguyen Dang , Minh Ngoc Vo Thi , Dinh Quang Ho , Hoang Van Thuy , Thi Thuy Nguyen , Van Bien Chu
Published: March 2022

We report a numerical study on mid-infrared (IR) supercontinuum (SC) generation in the regime of all normal dispersion using lead bismuth gallate glass photonic crystal fiber. This fiber allows the changing of dispersion from anomalous dispersion to ultra-flat normal dispersion in the wavelength range of over 930 nm by filling its cladding holes with C2Cl4. Using a 12.5 kW laser pulse at 2.8 µm as a pump source, we demonstrate that a broad and highly coherent SC generation spectrum is generated in the wavelength range of 1.2

μ

m

–3.4

μ

m

with the effects of vacuum noise. However, pulse-to-pulse relative intensity noise significantly decreases the coherence. These interesting optical properties make the proposed C2Cl4—infiltrated fiber highly promising for various applications in the mid-IR regime, particularly, spectroscopy, optical coherence tomography, and metrology.
The vibration harmonic response analysis of drillstring in compound drilling
Authors: Tian Long , Jiang Zhenxin , Dong Guangjian , Kedi Liya , Fu Jianhong
Published: March 2022

The harmonic response analysis model of drillstring is established to improve borehole quality. The harmonic response laws of drillstring is discussed. Harmonic response analysis is made intensively for longitudinal vibration, including non-failure case and failure case. Position of the maximum response displacement of drillstring and the maximum response stress at corresponding position are obtained through harmonic response analysis. Absorber control measure is simulated to lower vibration amplitude of drillstring. New suggestions are put forward from the view of controlling drillstring vibration by comparing and classifying features of vibration control measures comprehensively. In course of designing drilling parameter, it is required to avoid or reduce drillstring resonance under low-order inherent frequency as much as possible and adopt targeted comprehensive control measures timely. The research result is of much significance to improve wellbore quality.
A review on Chemical Looping Water Splitting (CLWS) as a potential alternative to Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) for hydrogen production
Authors: Waikar S , Jena D , Deshpande A
Published: March 2022

Hydrogen is the fuel of the future as it is a clean fuel and its utilization doesn’t emit greenhouse gases. It is used in various industries from petroleum, fertilizers to pharmaceuticals and even electronics. There are numerous established processes for hydrogen production each having its advantages and disadvantages. The current benchmark is Steam Methane Reforming (SMR). Despite giving a stable output, it releases harmful gases in the environment and has other challenges. Therefore, there was a need to find an inexpensive, efficient and environmentally friendly process with possible CO2 sequestration. CLWS, an alternative to SMR is a three step process where a transition metal oxide, preferably an iron-based oxide undergoes reduction, steam iron process and oxidation to produce hydrogen. This process has many advantages like the production of separate H2 and CO2 streams, no need to have additional units like acid gas removal and pressure swing adsorption. The only challenge is to perform process simulations such that we obtain maximum H2 yield with minimum carbon deposits which reduce the efficiency and purity of the hydrogen produced. CLWS has been studied in detail and optimum parameters for each of the underlying processes have been compiled along with suitable reactor design schemes, thermodynamics etc.
Simulation and optimization of hydrogen-based hybrid renewable energy systems: Software tools and applications
Authors: Li Yaze , Li Guodong , Li Jin , Bénard Pierre , Chahine Richard , Xiao Jinsheng
Published: March 2022

With continuous fossil energy consumption and global warming, renewable energy has become more popular. Therefore, more and more researchers have begun to study hydrogen-based hybrid renewable energy systems. This article mainly summarizes the commercial software tools and the simulation of hybrid renewable energy systems in recent years. Firstly, the commonly used softwares and research methods are reviewed so that other researchers can choose suitable tools and strategies to conduct their researches. Then TRNSYS software is used to perform a case study in Yichang, Hubei, China. The established model is simulated according to the one-year load of the community. The simulation results show that the total power generation of the system can meet the load demand most of the time but is insufficient in some peak periods. The system can further be optimized using optimization methods to fully meet the load.
Prospects of charge signal analyses in liquid xenon TPCs with proportional scintillation in the liquid phase
Authors: Kuger F. , Dierle J. , Fischer H. , Schumann M. , Toschi F.
Published: March 2022

As liquid xenon TPCs increase in target mass while pursuing the direct detection of WIMP dark matter, the technical challenges arising due to their size call for new solutions and open the discussion on alternative detector concepts. Proportional scintillation in liquid xenon allows for a single-phase design evading problems related to the liquid-gas interface and the precise gas gap required in a dual-phase TPC.
Aside from a different scintillation mechanism, the successful detection- and analysis scheme of state-of-the-art experiments is maintained in this approach.
We study the impact on charge signal analysis in a single-phase detector of DARWIN dimensions, where the fast timing of the proportional scintillation signal allows for the precise identification of the single electrons in the ionisation signal.
Such a discrete electron-counting approach can lead to a better signal resolution for low energies when compared to the classical dual-phase continuous method.
The absence of the liquid-gas interface can further benefit the S2-only energy resolution significantly. This can reduce the uncertainties from the scintillation and signal-detection process to a level significantly below the irreducible fluctuation in the primary ionisation. Exploiting the precise electron arrival time information can further allow for a powerful single vs. multiple site interaction discrimination with 93% rejection efficiency and 98% signal acceptance. This outperforms the design goal of the DARWIN observatory by a reduction factor of 4.2 in non-rejected multiple site neutron events.
Sensitivity of regional monsoons to idealised equatorial volcanic eruption of different sulfur emission strengths
Authors: D’Agostino Roberta , Timmreck Claudia
Published: March 2022

The impact of volcanic forcing on tropical precipitation is investigated in a new set of sensitivity experiments within the Max Planck Institute Grand Ensemble framework. Five ensembles are created, each containing 100 realizations for an idealized ‘Pinatubo-like’ equatorial volcanic eruption with emissions covering a range of 2.5-40 Tg sulfur (S). The ensembles provide an excellent database to disentangle the influence of volcanic forcing on monsoons and tropical hydroclimate over the wide spectrum of the climate’s internal variability. Monsoons are generally weaker for two years after volcanic eruption and their weakening is a function of emissions. However, only a stronger than Pinatubo-like eruption (

⩾

10 Tg S) leads to significant and substantial monsoon changes, and some regions (such as North and South Africa, South America and South Asia) are much more sensitive to this kind of forcing than the others. The decreased monsoon precipitation is strongly tied to the weakening of the regional tropical overturning. The reduced atmospheric net energy input and increased gross moist stability at the Hadley circulation updraft due to the equatorial volcanic eruption, require a slowdown of the circulation as a consequence of less moist static energy exported away from the intertropical convergence zone.
The Effect of Variations of Fly Ash Filling Materials on Porous Concrete Using Local Aggregates from South Borneo
Authors: Purnamasari E , Gazali A , Januar M B
Published: March 2022

South Kalimantan has local aggregates that can be used as porous concrete making materials, which is one of the innovations in the infrastructure of environmentally friendly road pavement that serves to drain surface water into the ground. Porous concrete produces a lot of empty space as an air cavity that is 15%-25% of its total volume and also has a slump value that is close to zero. This study uses fly ash filler material as one of the efforts to reduce cement in porous concrete making materials. This research aims to find out the characteristics of the material, the composition of variations of porous concrete mixture, compressive strength and porosity of porous concrete. Testing uses the SNI method which consists of testing cement, fly ash, coarse aggregates and concrete. Concrete testing is done, namely the compressive strenght and porosity of concrete. Based on theresults of research characteristics of cement and fly ash materials have met the specifications of SNI and the results of rough aggregate testing have met the specifications. In porous concrete the fly ash variation of EM0% is obtained the compressive strength is 20.37 MPa and its porosity is 2.34%; in porous concrete the variation of fly ash EM15% obtained the compressive strength of 21.44 MPa and porosity 2.07%, and porous concrete variation fly ash EM30% obtained the compressive strength of 6.05 MPa and porosity by 6.80%. From the results of the analysis, it is found that there is an inverse relationship between compressive strength and porosity. More higher the porosity of the porous concrete, more lower the compressive strength. This happens because the void ratio affects the compressive strength of porous concrete, more greater the void value making higher the porosity value and causes the compressive strength to decrease.
Recycled Coarse Aggregate from Concrete Waste Using DMDA for Concrete
Authors: Canseco-Tuñacao H A R , Remoto K , Melendres K , Deguzman I M
Published: March 2022

This study investigates the effect of the replacement of recycled concrete as coarse aggregates using the Densified Mixture Design Algorithm Method (DMDA) in unconfined concrete behavior. DMDA was applied to produce concrete with the least void. Compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength tests were conducted on 7-, 14-, 28- and 56-day old specimens. Compressive strength test results showed that specimens with 20, 30, and 40% RCA replacements at 56 days are relatively lower compared to the control and with 10% RCA replacement specimens. The compressive strengths of the specimens with RCA replacements decreased as the amount of RCA increased. However, the 10% replacement specimens showed promising performance with an average strength of 3275 psi at 56 days with an 11.2% difference in compressive strength with the control with 0% replacement. A significant increase in compressive strengths between the 28- and 56-day specimens for all specimens was observed and accounted due to the pozzolanic activity of the type C fly ash used as filler. For flexural and splitting tensile strength, results showed that specimens with 40% replacement showed best performance with a 9.87% difference and roughly 1% greater with the control in terms of its flexural and splitting tensile strength, respectively.
Flood Mitigation in Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan, Indonesia in 2021: Between Hydro-meteorological factor and Anthropogenic factor
Authors: Novitasari Novitasari , Kurdi Holdani
Published: March 2022

The year 2021 in Banjar Regency and several other regencies in South Kalimantan Province opened with floods disaster. High rainfall caused the river to overflow; one of the rivers that overflowed was the Martapura River in Banjar Regency. The flood in 2021 is not the first flood disaster to occur, but a floods disaster that has occurred frequently. This flood is a fairly large flood compared to the previous flood. The areas affected by the large flood in Banjar Regency are in the Districts of Sungai Tabuk, Martapura Kota, East Martapura, West Martapura, Astambul, Karang Intan, and Pengaron. The method used in this research is to analyze the hydro-meteorological using the rainfall-runoff model, and the anthropogenic factors in the flood events in Banjar Regency be approached by the value of the C coefficient. The hydro-meteorological factors as natural factors cannot be predicted. The extreme rainfall on January 14, 2021 as 255.3 mm is higher than 100-years return period as 244.716 mm. Its caused biggest flood disaster in January 2021. The anthropogenic factors caused by humans can be reduced. One of the anthropogenic factors that have the most impact on any flood event is land-use change. Land-use change causes rainwater that falls cannot infiltrate into the ground. One of the most common community activities is to close the yard and the drains so that rainwater does not have access to penetrate the ground. Second, the conversion of agricultural land, and swampland into residential and industrial areas. The third factor that is no less important is the role of the community in development that is not environmentally friendly, one of them by dredging for houses or other buildings. These three anthropogenic factors cause the C value to increase, and it increases the flood discharge.
Assessment of groundwater quality in Randublatung Groundwater Basin
Authors: Hartono A , Hendrayana H , Akmaluddin
Published: March 2022

Groundwater is used for domestic and industrial water supply and irrigation. Land use in the Randublatung groundwater basin is mainly agricultural, using groundwater as the primary source. The present study aims to assess the groundwater quality in Randublatung groundwater basin. Groundwater quality in the study area, 13 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for various parameters. Physicochemical parameters of groundwater such as Electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, Chloride (Cl), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Sulfate (SO4), Bicarbonate (HCO3), Nitrate (NO3) were determined. A chemical index like percentage of sodium, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), permeability index (PI), Kelly Index, and Magnesium ratio can be used to determine groundwater quality for irrigation. From the study, 3 of 13 samples are suitable for drinking. Based on Wilcox classification, 23% of the groundwater samples are suitable for irrigation. From the USSL chart, there are four types of water quality. All groundwater samples are in a low sodium hazard condition based on the sodium absorption ratio. The permeability index and magnesium ratio indicate that all groundwater samples are of good quality for irrigation utility. Based on the Kelly index, there is one sample unsuitable for irrigation.
Garlic essential oil as an edible film antibacterial agent derived from Nagara sweet potato starch applied for packaging of Indonesian Traditional Food - Dodol
Authors: Sihombing N , Elma M , Thala’ah R N , Simatupang F A , Pradana E A , Rahma A
Published: March 2022

Edible film as food packaging is an alternative solution to maintain Dodol quality and prevent to decay during storage. Commonly, edible films were prepared from starch-based materials. Nevertheless, the edible film which only made from starch has a limitation due does not provided antibacterial properties. Therefore, this study aims to synthesis and characterize of edible film from Nagara sweet potato with addition of garlic essential oil which applicated for Kandangan Dodol packaging. Synthesis of edible film was carried by prepared starch derived Nagara sweet potato by extraction. Garlic essential oil was added with various concentrations (0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% v/v total). Furthermore, the edible film was characterized to determine the effect of the concentration of garlic essential oil extract on thickness, water absorption, air solubility, and mechanical properties of the edible film, as well as the application of edible film on Kandangan Dodol to determine the stored life time. Edible film with the addition of 0.75% garlic essential oil has a thickness of 0.1 mm with resistance and solubility to water of 50.53% and 39.46%., respectively. The presence of garlic essential oil in edible film has an important role to maintain the quality of Kandangan Dodol on antibacterial activity.
Investigation of enhancing industrial waste as a soft soil stabilizer
Authors: Yuniati Pratiwi Ade , Prasetia Irfan , Yahya M. , Effendi Rustam
Published: March 2022

This study compares two methods in enhancing fly ash as a soft-soil stabilizer. The first is using fly ash with mixing proportion varies from 10%, 15%, and 20%. In the second method, 10% cement combines with fly ash mixing proportion in the first method. Based on CBR test results, the fly-ash effectively increases the soft soil capacity with a CBR maximum of 9.31% at 20% fly ash in the first method. The second method enhances more impact than the first method with a CBR maximum of 49.36% at 20% fly ash. The swelling value keeps decreasing with the increase of fly ash content, and adding cement to fly ash-soft soil mixture can further minimize the swelling value by two times compared to only fly ash as the stabilizing agent.
A Structure Theorem on Intersections of General Doubling Measures and Its Applications
Authors: Anderson Theresa C , Hu Bingyang
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we construct an explicit family of measures that are $p$-adic doubling for any given pair of primes, yet not doubling. This generalizes the construction by Boylan, Mills, and Ward on a structure theorem on the intersection of dyadic doubling measures and tri-adic doubling measures. As some byproducts, we apply these results to show analogous statements about the reverse Hölder and Muckenhoupt $A_p$ classes of weights.
Engineering a self-eliminating transgene in the yellow fever mosquito,Aedes aegypti
Authors: Chae Keun , Dawson Chanell , Valentin Collin , Contreras Bryan , Zapletal Josef , Myles Kevin M , Adelman Zach N
Published: March 2022

Promising genetics-based approaches are being developed to reduce or prevent the transmission of mosquito-vectored diseases. Less clear is how such transgenes can be removed from the environment, a concern that is particularly relevant for highly invasive gene drive transgenes. Here, we lay the groundwork for a transgene removal system based on single-strand annealing (SSA), a eukaryotic DNA repair mechanism. An SSA-based rescuer strain (kmoRG) was engineered to have direct repeat sequences (DRs) in the Aedes aegypti kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (kmo) gene flanking the intervening transgenic cargo genes, DsRED and EGFP. Targeted induction of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in the DsRED transgene successfully triggered complete elimination of the entire cargo from the kmoRG strain, restoring the wild-type kmo gene, and thereby, normal eye pigmentation. Our work establishes the framework for strategies to remove transgene sequences during the evaluation and testing of modified strains for genetics-based mosquito control.
Intercropping of Faba Bean with Wheat Under Different Nitrogen Levels Reduces Faba Bean Rust and Consequent Yield Loss
Authors: Luo Chaosheng , Lv Jiaxing , Guo Zengpeng , Dong Yan
Published: March 2022

While intercropping can help control faba bean rust, the ability of intercropping to reduce this disease under different levels of nitrogen fertilization and its contribution to increasing yield is not clear. In this study, two planting patterns of faba bean monocropping and wheat/faba bean intercropping, together with two treatments for disease control and noncontrol, and four nitrogen application levels (N0 [0 kg/ha], N1 [45 kg/ha], N2 [90 kg/ha], and N3 [135 kg/ha]) were tested for 2 years in a continuous field experiment. The results revealed that nitrogen application increased the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) of faba bean rust from 41.9 to 47.3%, with the N3 treatment resulting in the largest increase. Nitrogen application decreased the relative control efficacy of intercropping on faba bean rust. Compared with monocropping, N0 to N3 with intercropping significantly reduced AUDPC by 33.1% for the first year and 28.7% for the second year (P < 0.05). Nitrogen application aggravated the faba beans grain yield loss, while the loss of yield components increased in the first year and then declined as the nitrogen application increased; the yield losses of monocropping were higher than those of intercropping. The N1 and N2 application levels significantly increased the total effect (TE) of intercropping yield advantage by 34.3 and 32.9% in the 2 years, respectively. During the 2 years, the overall partial land equivalent ratio of faba bean was greater than 0.33. The average disease control effect (DCE)/TE of intercropping was 56.1 and 49.3% for the 2 years, respectively, indicating that intercropping increased yields and that the contribution of the DCE was close to or higher than that of the other intercropping effects. A regression analysis of the grain yield loss and the AUDPC showed that reducing the nitrogen fertilizer input (N1) could effectively reduce the yield loss caused by rust and enhance the yield. Intercropping of faba bean combined with a suitable nitrogen application (45 kg/ha) is the best treatment to maximize yield by fully utilizing intercropping for managing faba bean rust.
Left/Right Judgment Task for the Chest Region, Part 1: Performance Outcomes in Healthy Women Compared to Women Post Breast Cancer Treatment
Authors: Boyd Benjamin S. , Smoot Betty J. , Nee Robert J.
Published: March 2022

Background:

Movement planning and execution involve using our internal representations within motor and sensory areas of our brain. Left/right judgment tasks (LRJTs) are behavioral tests that involve determining the side of the body when shown an image, without performing the movement. Individuals theoretically need to use their working body schemas to complete LRJTs.

Objectives:

To develop a chest LRJT testing protocol and document performance in healthy women and women post breast cancer (BrCA) treatment.

Design:

Observational, cohort study.

Method:

We recruited women with and without a history of unilateral BrCA. Participants provided demographic and health history information online, followed by hand, shoulder, and chest LRJTs. Images were digitally mirrored to create equal numbers of left and right images. Images were presented in random order within each body region. We measured accuracy and response time for LRJTs.

Results:

A total of 316 healthy women and 160 women post-BrCA treatment competed all testing. The BrCA group was consistently slower and less accurate at performing LRJTs for all 3 regions. The side of the image presented was not associated with performance.

Conclusions:

We successfully developed a chest LRJT testing method. Performance on LRJT of the upper quarter is diminished after BrCA treatment. We established tolerance intervals for anticipated performance in healthy women for future clinical and research comparisons.
Mental Health Disclosure Questions on Medical Licensure Applications: Implications for Medical Students, Residents, and Physicians
Authors: Taylor Nicki W. , Porter Cheryl , Rivera-Rodriguez Melanis , Miller I.S. Keino , Desmarais Nathaly
Published: March 2022

Medical trainees and physicians experience high rates of depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, and burnout. The stigma surrounding mental health may deter help-seeking behaviors and increase informal treatment to maintain anonymity. Invasive health history questions on state medical licensure applications regarding mental health diagnoses and treatment likely increase stigma, reduce help-seeking, and consequently may motivate some applicants to report an inaccurate history to the state medical board. Research on physician mental health, suicide rates, and lack of help-seeking have led to recommendations for changes to licensure questions. In this article, the authors review the language of health history questions, disclosure requirements for applicants, and the potential consequences of disclosing mental health or substance abuse history on state medical licensure applications. They review recent changes to some states’ health history questions, using the changes to Florida’s licensure application in 2021 as an example, and explore the implications of these changes for reducing stigma and encouraging help-seeking.

The authors recommend that state medical boards review and refine licensure applications’ health history questions regarding mental health disclosure in ways that strategically address concerns related to stigma, bias, and unwarranted scrutiny. They call for research to examine the impact of such question changes on applicant response accuracy, help-seeking behaviors, and mental health outcomes and stigma. They also recommend that medical schools offer and promote access to mental health services, encourage faculty to normalize help-seeking behaviors, and provide students with information about state licensure processes. Reducing stigma, normalizing trainee and physician experiences, and promoting help-seeking are preliminary steps to promote a culture in academic medicine that prioritizes mental health. In turn, this will encourage trainees and physicians to care for themselves and cultivate physicians who are better equipped to heal and support their patients.
Analysis of the Frequency, Characteristics, and Reasons for Termination of Spine-related Clinical Trials
Authors: Caruana Dennis L. , Nam-Woo Kim David , Galivanche Anoop R. , David Wyatt B. , Justen Marissa A. , Moushey Alexander M. , Sheth Amar H. , Paranjpe Manish D. , Grauer Jonathan N.
Published: March 2022

Study Design:

Cross-sectional analysis of completed and terminated spine-related clinical trials in the ClinicalTrials.gov registry.

Objective:

The aim was to quantify completed and terminated spine-related clinical trials, assess reasons for termination, and determine predictors of termination by comparing characteristics of completed and terminated trials.

Summary of Background Data:

Clinical trials are key to the advancement of products and procedures related to the spine. Unfortunately, trials may be terminated before completion. ClinicalTrials.gov is a registry and results database maintained by the National Library of Medicine that catalogs trial characteristics and tracks overall recruitment status (eg, ongoing, completed, terminated) for each study as well as reasons for termination. Reasons for trial termination have not been specifically evaluated for spine-related clinical trials.

Methods:

The ClinicalTrials.gov database was queried on July 20, 2021 for all completed and terminated interventional studies registered to date using all available spine-related search terms. Trial characteristics and reason for termination, were abstracted. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed determine predictors of trial termination.

Results:

A total of 969 clinical trials were identified and characterized (833 completed, 136 terminated). Insufficient rate of participant accrual was the most frequently reported reason for trial termination, accounting for 33.8% of terminated trials.

Multivariate analysis demonstrated increased odds of trial termination for industry-sponsorship [odds ratio (OR)=1.59] relative to sponsorship from local groups, device studies (OR=2.18) relative to investigations of drug or biological product(s), and phase II (OR=3.07) relative to phase III studies (P<0.05 for each).

Conclusions:

Spine-related clinical trials were found to be terminated 14% of the time, with insufficient accrual being the most common reason for termination. With significant resources put into clinical studies and the need to advance scientific objectives, predictors, and reasons for trial termination should be considered and optimized to increase the completion rate of trials that are initiated.