bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
APMP/TCRI key comparison report of measurement of air kerma for medium-energy x-rays (APMP.RI(I)-K3.2013)
Authors: Chu C H , Butler D J , Tanaka T , Sathian V , Budiantari C T , Yi C-Y , Kim Y H , Wu J , El-Sersy A R , Dolah M T , Jozela S , Ngcezu S A , Patrao K
Published: February 2023

Main text

The APMP/TCRI Dosimetry Working Group initiated the APMP.RI(I)-K3.2013 key comparison of measurement of air kerma for medium-energy x-rays (100 kV to 250 kV); measurements took place between 2015 and 2017. In total, 11 institutes took part in the comparison, among which 8 were APMP member laboratories, two from AFRIMETS and one from SIM. Three commercial cavity ionization chambers were used as transfer standards circulated among the participants. All the participants established 100, 135, 180 and 250 kV x-ray beam qualities equivalent to those of the BIPM. The ARPANSA and the NMIJ were linking laboratories and two participants subsequently made comparisons with the BIPM. The 7 other participants' degrees of equivalence fell within 11 parts in 103 of unity, well within the relevant expanded uncertainty (k = 2) in all cases. Excluding the BARC, the results were within 5.7 parts in 103, well within the relevant combined standard uncertainty. These results indicated that the calibration capabilities of most laboratories were in very good agreement and there were no serious discrepancies between them. The effect of implementing the recommendations of ICRU Report 90, which occurred on 1 January 2018 (after this comparison), is discussed and we deduce that the effect on the degrees of equivalence is negligible. The increase in the uncertainty in Wair has been added to all laboratories so that the degrees of equivalence and the uncertainties published here are applicable to post-ICRU 90 measurement results.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Comparison of low air speed facilities
Authors: Sluse J , Gersl J
Published: February 2023

Main text

Supplementary interlaboratory comparison between European low air speed calibration facilities. Two thermal anemometers have been used as transfer standards and circulated between five participants. The transfer standards selection was based on stable behaviour and sensitivity at very low air speeds. The first anemometer was calibrated by the participants at nominal velocities from 0.05 m/s to 1.0 m/s. The second anemometer was calibrated at nominal velocities from 0.15 m/s to 1 m/s.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Uniqueness of relaxation times determined by dielectric spectroscopy
Authors: Wu Mengchun , Bichler Karin J , Jakobi Bruno , Schneider Gerald J
Published: February 2023

Dielectric spectroscopy is extremely powerful to study molecular dynamics, because of the very broad frequency range. Often multiple processes superimpose resulting in spectra that expand over several orders of magnitude, with some of the contributions partially hidden. For illustration, we selected two examples, (i) normal mode of high molar mass polymers partially hidden by conductivity and polarization and (ii) contour length fluctuations partially hidden by reptation using the well-studied polyisoprene melts as example. The intuitive approach to describe experimental spectra and to extract relaxation times is the addition of two or more model functions. Here, we use the empirical Havriliak-Negami function to illustrate the ambiguity of the extracted relaxation time, despite an excellent agreement of the fit with experimental data. We show that there are an infinite number of solutions for which a perfect description of experimental data can be achieved. However, a simple mathematical relationship indicates uniqueness of the pairs of the relaxation strength and relaxation time. Sacrificing the absolute value of the relaxation time enables to find the temperature dependence of the parameters with a high accuracy. For the specific cases studied here, the time temperature superposition (TTS) is very useful to confirm the principle. However, the derivation is not based on a specific temperature dependence, hence, independent from the TTS. We compare new and traditional approaches and find the same trend for the temperature dependence. The important advantage of the new technology is the knowledge of the accuracy of the relaxation times. Relaxation times determined from data for which the peak is clearly visible are the same within the experimental accuracy for traditional and new technology. However, for data where a dominant process hides the peak, substantial deviations can be observed. We conclude that the new approach is particularly helpful for cases in which relaxation times need to be determined without having access to the associated peak position.
Probabilistic seismic assessment of innovative concrete bridge piers with Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) by different types of shape memory alloys (SMAs) bars
Authors: Benshams Amirmozafar , Hatami Farzad , Saybani Mesbah
Published: February 2023

Critical role of bridges in post-earthquake rescue activities has made their seismic safety a major concern of structural engineers. While preventing collapse is one of essential requirements in bridge engineering, recent earthquakes have shown that bridges may also cease functionality due to residual deformations. To address this, shape memory alloys (SMAs) have received wide attentions according to their ability to recover the initial shape even after large plastic deformations. Two types of SMAs (NiTi and Cu–Al–Mn) are used in this paper to reinforce nine different concrete bridge piers in which Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC) is also used for enhancing ductility in plastic hinge region. Each of the piers is subjected to 56 near field ground motions and collapse capacity of the piers is evaluated probabilistically using incremental dynamic analysis. The comparative results indicate that simultaneous use of steel and NiTi reinforcement in a plastic hinge area filled with ECC concrete can lead to a 30% improvement in median collapse capacity of the studied pier.
Enhanced generation and reception of ultrasonic Rayleigh waves through in-phase superposition of waves: theory and experiment
Authors: Zhang Shuzeng , Xie Lejuan , Wang Lei , Cheng Canhui
Published: February 2023

Ultrasonic Rayleigh waves have been widely used in nondestructive testing and evaluation as they are sensitive to surface anomalies and conditions of a solid body. The techniques for the generation and reception of Rayleigh waves are mainly based on empirical methods, but theoretical research on these processes can better benefit their practical applications. In this work, a specific theory using a numerical integration is proposed to model wave beam fields generated by the widely used transducers, and to explain the enhanced generation and reception of Rayleigh waves. The simulation results show that Rayleigh waves are enhanced and can be detected through in-phase superposition of waves which are generated by the real sound sources in the solid surface. The reception of Rayleigh waves is also considered, the properties of received waves are thoroughly studied and a reception method with a line source is proposed. Several experiments have been performed to verify the proposed theory, and some important properties or potential applications of corresponding or optimized transducers are discussed based on the theoretical and experimental results.
Magic wavelengths for 6s1/2 → 5d3/2,5/2 transitions of Yb+ ions
Authors: Chen Ting , Wu Lei , Zhang Ru-Kui , Tang Yong-Bo , Jiang Jun , Dong Chen-Zhong
Published: February 2023

The wave functions, energy levels and matrix elements of Yb+ ions are calculated using the relativistic configuration interaction plus core polarization (RCICP) method. The static and dynamic electric dipole polarizabilities of the ground state and low-lying excited states are determined. Then, the magic wavelengths of the magnetic sublevel 6s1/2,m = 1/2 → 5d3/2,m = ±3/2,±1/2 and 6s1/2,m = 1/2 → 5d5/2,m = ±5/2,±3/2,±1/2 transitions in the linearly, right-handed, and left-handed polarized light are further determined. The dependence of the magic wavelengths upon the angle between the direction of magnetic field and the direction of laser polarization is analyzed.
Freezing vs. equilibration dynamics in the Potts model
Authors: Chippari Francesco , Picco Marco
Published: February 2023

We study the quench dynamics of the q Potts model on different bi/tri-dimensional lattice topologies. In particular, we are interested in instantaneous quench from

T
i

→
∞

to

T
⩽

T
s

, where

T

s

is the (pseudo)-spinodal temperature. The goal is to explain why, in the large-q limit, the low-temperature dynamics freezes on some lattices while on others the equilibrium configuration is easily reached. The cubic (3d) and the triangular (2d) lattices are analysed in detail. We show that the dynamics blocks when lattices have acyclic unitary structures while the system goes to the equilibrium when these are cyclic, no matter the coordination number (z) of the particularly considered lattice.
Entanglement negativity in a fermionic chain with dissipative defects: exact results
Authors: Caceffo Fabio , Alba Vincenzo
Published: February 2023

We investigate the dynamics of the fermionic logarithmic negativity in a free-fermion chain with a localized loss, which acts as a dissipative impurity. The chain is initially prepared in a generic Fermi sea. In the standard hydrodynamic limit of large subsystems and long times, with their ratio fixed, the negativity between two subsystems is described by a simple formula, which depends only on the effective absorption coefficient of the impurity. The negativity grows linearly at short times, then saturating to a volume-law scaling. Physically, this reflects the continuous production with time of entangling pairs of excitations at the impurity site. Interestingly, the negativity is not the same as the Rényi mutual information with Rényi index

1

/

2

, in contrast with the case of unitary dynamics. This reflects the interplay between dissipative and unitary processes. The negativity content of the entangling pairs is obtained in terms of an effective two-state mixed density matrix for the subsystems. Criticality in the initial Fermi sea is reflected in the presence of logarithmic corrections. The prefactor of the logarithmic scaling depends on the loss rate, suggesting a nontrivial interplay between dissipation and criticality.
Phenomenological formula for quantum Hall resistivity based on the Riemann zeta function
Authors: LeClair André
Published: February 2023

We propose a formula constructed out of elementary functions that captures many of the detailed features of the transverse resistivity ρ

xy
for the integer quantum Hall effect. It is merely a phenomenological formula in the sense that it is not based on any transport calculation for a specific class of physical models involving electrons in a disordered landscape, thus, whether a physical model exists which realizes this resistivity remains an open question. Nevertheless, since the formula involves the Riemann zeta function and its non-trivial zeros play a central role, it is amusing to consider the implications of the Riemann hypothesis in light of it.
The role of gene regulation in redundant and synergistic information transfers in coherent feed-forward loop
Authors: Aziz Momin Md Sorique , Biswas Ayan
Published: February 2023

For the ubiquitous coherent type-1 feed-forward loop (C1-FFL) motif, the master and co-regulators act as sources of information in decoding the output gene expression state. Using the variance-based definition of information within a Gaussian framework at steady state, we apply the partial information decomposition technique to quantify the redundant (common) and synergistic (complementary) information transfers to the output gene. By enabling the generic C1-FFL motif with complementarily tunable regulatory pathways and fixed gene product abundances, we examine the role of output gene regulation in maintaining the flow of these two multivariate information flavors. We find that the redundant and synergistic information transfers are simultaneously maximized when the direct and indirect output regulatory strengths are nearly balanced. All other manifestations of the generic C1-FFL motif, including the two terminal ones, namely, the two-step cascade and fan-out, transduce lesser amounts of these two types of information. This optimal decoding of the output gene expression state by a nearly balanced C1-FFL motif holds true in an extended repertoire of biologically relevant parametric situations. These realizations involve additional layers of regulation through changing gene product abundances, activation coefficients, and degradation rates. Our analyses underline the regulatory mechanisms through which the C1-FFL motif is able to optimally reduce its output uncertainty concurrently via redundant and synergistic modes of information transfer. We find that these information transfers are guided by fluctuations in the motif. The prevalence of redundancy over synergy in all regulatory implementations is also noteworthy.
Mid-IR supercontinuum generation in dispersion flattened As38Se62 chalcogenide photonic crystal fiber
Authors: Khamaru A , Sharma K , Tomer D S , Kumar A
Published: February 2023

We have created a PCF with square shaped core using chalcogenide material As38Se62 as core and air holes in IR region, which yield very high optical non linearity of 1290 W−1Km−1 at 3.5 μm, further gives a flat dispersion profile. The fiber has been used for numerically simulate SCG using low power pump pulse width (TFWHM) at 50 fs duration at 3.5 μm. At the end of 10 mm fiber, SC broadening of about 2000 to 12000 nm can be achieved with pulses of 4200 W peak power.
Study of Non-linear Optical Properties of an ENZ Composite Metamaterial
Authors: Kumari N. , Yadav P. , Ankush  , Sinha R. K.
Published: February 2023

We designed a non-linear composite metamaterial made up of sandwiched fused silica glass with silver in an alternate manner with the magnitude of thickness is adjusted so that ε'=0 in the near infrared range., and the structure’s optical behaviour is theoretically studied. It shows a shift from negative to positive in the real component of dielectric permittivity as a function of wavelength. we also have studied the variation of ENZ wavelength with thickness of dielectric layer and plasma frequency. By using the Maxwell Garnett theory, we have calculated non-linear optical properties, and we find that as we increase the thickness of dielectric material the ENZ wavelength increases along with the increases in real part of non-linear susceptibility. A significant enhancement in nonlinear parameters has been also observed at ENZ wavelength due to the ENZ nature of the composite material.
Gallium Arsenide and Gallium Nitride Semiconductors for Power and Optoelectronics Devices Applications
Authors: Sharma Ram Chhavi , Nandal Raina , Tanwar Nisha , Yadav Reema , Bhardwaj Jayant , Verma Aakash
Published: February 2023

The advancement in technology in semiconductor materials significantly contributed in improvement of human life by bringing breakthrough in fabrication of optoelectronics and power devices which have wide applications in medicine and communication. The Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) and Gallium Nitride (GaN) are versatile materials for such applications but with relative merits and demerits. GaAs transistors are suitable for both narrowband and wideband applications due to very wide operating frequency range (30 MHz to millimetre-wave frequencies as high as 250 GHz). They are highly sensitive, generate very little internal noise and have power density typically around 1.5 W/mm. But low break down voltage (5x105V/cm), low output power (5-10W) and inability to withstand higher temperatures are the main limitations. On the other hand, GaN possess the improved physical and chemical characteristics, with high output power, high operating temperature (1000°C in vacuum), fast heat dissipation, high breakdown voltage (4x106V/cm), high power density (5-12W/mm), high frequency characteristics and large band gap (3.4eV) which allow significant reduction of devise size. Also high breakdown voltage increases the overall impedance which make it suitable in matching process and enables efficient operation in broad band region. The present paper critically analyses the GaAs and GaN semiconductors in relation to their significant physical and chemical properties, which make them suitable to make efficient power and optoelectronics devices for applications in communication, space and medicine.
Bipolar Resistive Switching Behaviour of Polycrystalline BiFeO3 Thin Films Synthesized via Sol-gel Assisted Spin Coating Technique
Authors: Reddy B R , Halge D I , Narwade V N , Dadge J W , Bogle K A
Published: February 2023

Polycrystalline BiFeO3 thin films have been grown on glass substrates using a simple but efficient method commonly known as the spin coating technique. When used in a Cu / BiFeO3 / Cu configuration, the annealed BiFeO3 film (at 350 °C) exhibits bipolar resistive switching behaviour. The device shows stable resistive switching behaviour, where a stable hysteresis in the current–voltage curve was well developed by applying +/- 10 V at room temperature. The ratio of resistance in the high resistance state to the low resistance state of the device is ~ 104 with a good retention time of more than 106 min. The Poole–Frenkel emission at the Cu / BiFeO3 interface is proposed, and a redistribution of oxygen vacancies along the grain boundaries is found to play a key role in the resistance switching in the polycrystalline pure BiFeO3 films.
Nickel Ferrite Nano fluid Functionalized Tapered Microfiber Based Magnetometer
Authors: Khamari Subodh , Kumar Ashish , Mohapatra Niharika , Jha Rajan
Published: February 2023

Considering the promising utility of devices operating for high magnetic fields in noninvasive medical diagnostic applications such as magnetic resonance imaging, a microfiber-based magnetometer operating for an extensive dynamic range actuated via NiFe2O4 ferrite fluid is presented and proposed for the first time in this paper. NiFe2O4 nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 37 nm (derived from Debye–Scherer’s formula) are prepared usingthe sol-gel process to fabricate the magnetometer. Various scientific approaches are utilized to explore these nanoparticles’ structural, optical, morphological, and magnetic features. Optimized lower concentration (~2%) of the nanofluid is used in the surrounding environment of the fiber interferometer to measure an extensive range of magnetic field up to ~ 600 mT. The sensor can detect a diverse range of magnetic fields with a maximum sensitivity of 18 pm/mT. The operating range of a reported sensor can be extended further by applying a voltage source with finer tunability.
Uni-directional (001) pressure effect on optical gain spectra of InAs/GaAsSb quantum well heterostructure
Authors: Haider Syed Firoz , Kattayat Sandhya , Josey Smitha , Sublania H. K. , Alvi P. A.
Published: February 2023

In this article an attempt has been made to determine the uni-directinal (001-direction) pressure effect on the optical gain spectra and corresponding emission wavelength of a designed type-II nano-scale heterostructure based on GaAsSb-InAs material system. As a trial, the range of pressure applied was kept as 1-3 GPa. On introducing the uni-directional (001-direction) pressure (in the range of 1 GPa to 3 GPa) on the GaAsSb-InAs QW heterostructure, the optical gain is reduced significantly from 3050 /cm to 1150 /cm, while the transition wavelength shows the red shift.
Effect of cation distribution on structural and mechanical properties of Y3+ substituted Co-Zn spinel ferrites nanoparticles.
Authors: Nikam C U , Birajdar A P , Kadam S S , Choudhari S. S. , Shinde V S , Shelke S B , Kadam R H , Kale G H
Published: February 2023

Yttrium (Y3+) substituted Co-Zn spinel ferrite nanoparticles with compositional formula Co0.9Zn0.2YxFe1.9-xO4 (x = 0.0, 0.015, 0.030, 0.045, 0.06) were synthesized by using sol-gel auto-ignition route. The structural and mechanical properties of Co-Zn ferrites were tailored by the replacement of Fe3+ ions by Y3+ ions. Rietveld refined X-ray diffraction patterns of all the samples confirm the cubic spinel structure. Lattice parameter increases with the substitution of Y3+ ions which may be due to the difference in ionic radii. The crystallite size obtained from XRD analysis is found in the nanometer range of 16.8 – 24.7 nm. Distribution of cations over tetrahedral – A and octahedral – B sites have been studied by using X-ray diffraction data and it is found that Y3+ ions prefers the octahedral – B site. Infrared spectra of all the samples were recorded in the wave number range of 300 cm−1 to 800 cm−1 which shows splitting of the two fundamental absorption bands. Two absorption bands (ν1 and ν2) observed in the range 380 – 610 cm−1 are belongs to tetrahedral – A and octahedral – B interstitial sites. The force constants (KO and Kt) and corresponding elastic parameters were determined by using IR data. The stiffness constant (C11), Young’s modulus (E), rigidity modulus (G), bulk modulus (B) and Debye temperature (θD) were found increases with the addition of Y3+ ions.
Optical, Compositional and Electrical Properties of Transparent MgO Thin Film for ReRAM Devices
Authors: Das Om Prakash , Pandey Shivendra Kumar
Published: February 2023

The bipolar switching phenomenon is observed in the MgO-based memory cell having a metal-oxide-metal (W/MgO/Cu) structure. The MgO thin film offers a high transmittance of 86 - 88% for visible light, measured by UV-Visible spectroscopy. An optical bandgap of 4.2 eV is estimated from Tauc’s plot calculation from the absorption spectra of MgO thin film. In addition, the XPS scan on the O 1s and Mg 2p peaks reveals the types of chemical elements in the rf sputtered MgO thin film. The Mg 2p peak at 49.36 eV suggests the oxidization of Mg, and two peaks at 529.5 eV and 531.6 eV in the O 1s core level indicate the presence of lattice and non-lattice oxygen, respectively. Non-lattice oxygen is responsible for the resistive switching in oxide thin films, confirmed by electrical characterization. The I-V characteristic from the electrical measurement shows the SET and RESET transitions at 5 V and –5 V, respectively. Moreover, the experimental results provide information about Ohmic conduction in low and high resistive states. This work proposes MgO as a promising material for applications in next-generation non-volatile data storage applications.
Study of structural and spectroscopic characterization of co-doped ZnS Nanoparticles capped with L-Arginine
Authors: Sunatkari Swarnalata
Published: February 2023

The aim of the present study was to prepare ZnS nanoparticles co-doped with Li+-Cs+, were synthesized using a chemical co-precipitation method. The ZnS-(Li+-Cs+) nanoparticle’s were capped with L- Arginine and reduced using sodium sulphide. The main advantage of this method is to synthesized semiconductor nanomaterial with wide band gap and nanoparticles are chemically stable over a long time. The as prepared nanoparticles were characterised by X-Ray Diffraction technique for phase analysis of the sample. Particle size is found in the range of 2 to 4 nm calculated by Debye Scherer method. XRD confirms the evolution of stable cubic zinc blend phase of ZnS nanoparticles. The strong interaction between the capping agent L- arginine, Zn and S is revealed from the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrum.
Thermal properties of nano-silica added concrete
Authors: Babalu Rajput , Pimplikar S. S.
Published: February 2023

As energy costs are rising, the utilization of thermal insulating materials during construction has assumed paramount significance. The response of different building components to changes in external temperature depends on the material’s thermal properties. The investigation connected to concrete material thermal properties is an essential factor when concrete is used for constructing green buildings. The effect of adding nano-silica on the concrete’s thermal properties is explored, and the findings are shown in this paper. The experimental results reveal that compressive strength increases and density reduce for nano-silica added concrete. The investigation indicates that thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity decrease for concrete, whereas specific heat increases with a rise in nano-silica content. Also, a mathematical model was developed for the calculation of thermal conductivity.
Optical band-gap evolution and local structural change in Ge2Sb2Te5 phase change material
Authors: Pathak Anushmita , Pandey Shivendra Kumar , Behera Jitendra Kumar
Published: February 2023

The amorphous to crystalline phase transition in Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) phase change material is investigated using XRD and the systematic variation in the optical band-gap (Eg
) and structural disorder (B
1/2) employing UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy. The amorphous phase is observed to have Eg
value of 0.708 eV while crystalline phase (200 °C) shows 0.442 eV. Variation in B
1/2 slope of 13.4 % is noted around the crystallization temperature (150 °C), depicting structural disorder reduction and hence structural ordering in the material forming the cubic phase. The change in the optical band-gap and local structural disorder upon crystallization occurs due to alternation in the atomic bonding configurations, which is explored using XPS technique. The findings reveal Ge-Te (~1218.35 eV binding energy) and Sb-Te (~528.8 eV) bonds in the amorphous phases. However, their bond lengths increase (hence binding energy reduces) as the annealing temperature rises, demonstrating phase switching occurs upon reaching the crystallization temperature. Insight into the optical band-gap, local structural disorder, and atomic arrangement governs many vital features of phase change material, such as fast crystallization speed, better thermal stability, high endurance, and large resistance contrast, which provide the path for non-volatile memory and nanophotonic applications.
Tailoring Of Poly(N-Methyl Pyrrole) Thin Film Surface With Au-Nanoparticles For Selective Sensing Of H2S
Authors: Ghosh Prasanta Kumar , Datta Kunal , Rushi Arti , Tilekar Sayali , Karle Pallavi , Shirsat Mahendra
Published: February 2023

We have demonstrated a highly selective H2S sensor fabricated out of Au-nanoparticles decorated Poly (N-Methyl Pyrrole) thin film. Electrochemical process parameters were initially optimized for uniform deposition of Poly (N-Methyl Pyrrole) on planar platinum substrate. Single step chronopotentiometric deposition resulted in a uniform and adhesive polymeric matrix which served as the basic sensing platform. To inculcate selectivity to the synthesized sensor backbone, the polymeric surface was tailored with Au nanoparticles via cyclic voltammetry. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDAX) and FTIR spectroscopy were carried out to investigate morphological and structural aspects of the sensory material. The semiconductive regime of operation of the sensor was revealed by V-I characterization. Comparative investigations clearly indicated inclusion of Au nanoparticles resulted in better sensing behaviour than pristine polymeric matrix. Most interesting results were obtained on validating the sensor under independent atmospheres of NH3, NO2, SO2, and H2S where the sensor reflected fingerprinting of H2S. Successful detection of H2S with commendable response and recovery behaviour was possible down to concentration of 5 ppm. The overall sensing behaviour of the nanoparticles tailored polymeric matrix could open up opportunities for complex sensing platforms like e-noses.
Enhancement in Photoluminescence of Nematic Liquid Crystals Doped with CsPbBr3 Quantum Dots
Authors: Sutar A , Balwadkar S , Doke S , Shinde A , Kulkarni S , Kahane S
Published: February 2023

We report the enhancement in photoluminescence (PL) of nematic liquid crystals (NLCs) doped with CsPbBr3 (perovskite) quantum dots (QDs). QDs play a vital role to enhance the PL intensity, which has been attributed to the increase in the planar alignment of NLC molecules by reducing light leakage centres and intrinsic defects. QDs were synthesized by the hot injection chemical method. The structural properties of QDs were examined by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopic (TEM) measurements. Orthorhombic crystallite structure of CsPbBr3 QDs without secondary phase formation was confirmed from XRD pattern. The particle size of QDs was calculated by TEM and found to be 7.3 (± 1.1) nm. The optical properties of QDs were studied by recording UV-Visible absorption and PL spectra at room temperature. The absorption spectrum reveals the excitonic peak at 509 nm and PL emission is observed at 514 nm. The chemically prepared QDs were further used to enhance the emission of NLC. Firstly, liquid crystal sample cells were fabricated by conventional polyimide technique. NLC doped with CsPbBr3 QDs were inserted into the sample cell via the capillary action. The filled sample cells were characterized by polarising optical microscope (POM) images and PL spectra measurements. The dark and bright state images of POM demonstrate the uniform alignment and homogeneous texture of liquid crystal molecules in both cells. The molecular alignment is further improved while the light leakage centres and defects were reduced after doping QDs in the host NLC material. This leads to a significant enhancement in absorption and hence the emission of NLC. We found the enhancement in PL intensity by 11% compared to pure NLC. The improved emission of NLC is attributed to modified molecular alignment in presence of QDs. Results based on present work will help to fabricate QDs based display devices with improved the optical contrast and lower the operating voltage
Evaluation of Selected Rare-Earth Scintillators for Gamma-Ray Sensing Applications
Authors: Dhillon Jasjot Singh , Vermani Yogesh K.
Published: February 2023

In the present work, selected dense rare-earth (RE) based scintillators such as gadolinium tantalate (GdTaO4), gadolinium tantalo-niobates Gd(Ta0.8Nb0.2)O4, lutetium based LuF3:Ce, LuAP:Ce, Lu2O3:Yb and Yb2O3 have been investigated for their gamma-ray sensing efficacy. The gamma-ray sensing properties of these RE scintillators have been confronted with modern lead tungstate (PWO) and lead fluoride (PbF2) scintillators being employed recently in high energy physics (HEP) experiments. The attenuation parameters namely linear attenuation coefficient (μ), half value layer (HVL) are compared for these rare-earth scintillators over wide energy range 1keV - 100GeV using Photon Shielding and Dosimetry (PSD) software toolkit. We also attempted to estimate build-up factors (BF’s) of these scintillation materials computed using the online platform Py-MLBUF. Our calculations depicted that scintillators containing high-Z rare earth elements exhibited better gamma-ray detection capabilities when compared with standard lead based PWO and PbF2 scintillators.
Interaction between Cold Atmospheric Plasma Jet and Water Contaminated With Pseudomonas Aeroginosa Bacteria for Decontamination Purpose
Authors: Bousba Houssem Eddine , Saoudi Mouna , Namous Wail Seif-Eddine , Sahli Salah
Published: February 2023

Plasma based treatments are found to be effective in water cleansing. For this purpose, we employed a plasma jet that is extracted at the exit of a flexible plastic tube remotely from its main source. This plasma jet is generated using a gas mixture of argon and oxygen for the sake of producing reactive oxygen species in the solution when submerged safely under water to perform a treatment in the suspension volume. The treated samples consist of distillated water that is contaminated with bacterial cells of Pseudomonas aeroginosa, this bacteria can present extreme threat to the human body and may lead to death. Our study reports the effect of both treatment time and the introduced ratio of the gas mixture introduced to ignite the plasma discharge. Results illustrate that full water decontamination can be obtained after about 12 minutes of treatment using 1.5 slpm of argon gas flow in addition to 2.5±0.2% of oxygen.
Determination of L X-ray satellite lines for Molybdenum (Mo) and Molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) by wavelength dispersion X-ray fluorescence WD-XRF
Authors: Sowjanya P , Vasundhara B , Kishore Babu D
Published: February 2023

X-Ray fluorescence (XRF) is an effective method for chemical profile analysis of various materials. In earlier times, it is only confined to qualitative and quantitative analysis. This wavelength dispersive X Ray fluorescence (WDXRF) will be used to check the nuclear design of different Molybdenum compounds. The study of relative intensity ratios of various satellite peaks of Molybdenum (Mo) and Molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) compounds is associated with their atomic spectral structures. The intensity ratios will give the validity of the Hatree-slater model of different combinations. In this paper, we will present energy versus intensity and data obtained using WDXRF for the compounds Mo and MoO3. From this data, it will be seen that the Lβ line is resolved. From this we conclude that Coaster-Kronig transitions by double vacancy states of L3N4 and L3N5.
A renovative design and fabrication of vortex bladeless windmill
Authors: Sudarshan TA , Bhavya P , Manjesh B C , Kavithanjan K , Akash Krishna R , Mahantesh D , Vakayil Jerin
Published: February 2023

The issues produced withinside the traditional windmills instigate the development of vortex bladeless windmills. Vortex Bladeless is a vortex caused vibrations resonant wind generator. It harnesses wind strength from a phenomenon of vorticity referred to as Vortex Shedding. Basically, Bladeless era consists of a cylinder regular vertically with an elastic rod. The cylinder oscillates on a wind range, which then generates electricity through a trade system. In exclusive words, its wind generators which is not genuinely a turbine. In other words, wind turbines are not real turbines. In this current paper we have tried to upgrade the Vortex windmill which is more comparable to solar panels in terms of functionality and cost-effectiveness compared to everyday wind turbines and entire project uses less planetary area. Through the improvised model we look forward to produce 238.60Wh of power. The work is designed in such a manner that it can be portable i.e., can be carried from one place to another.
A Review Thin-Wall-Tube Energy-Absorbing Structure : Crash-Box
Authors: Memane K , Mashalkar A , Kumar P
Published: February 2023

The sudden impact during a collision of an automobile may cost the life of passengers. Several researchers are working to design materials and structures which can absorb impact-energy before passing it to the passengers. One such solution is the crash-box-structure which is placed primarily on the frontal side, in-between the bumper and main part of an automobile. The crash-box-structure’s ability to absorb energy is influenced by its deformation-properties. Both, the crash-box-structure’s shape and material will decide how it affects it’s deformation. The impact of various geometries and materials on the crash-box’s deformation characteristics is discussed in this article. Moreover, the use of fiber-reinforced composites in the crash-box is also discussed. The surface modification may affect the impact behavior, which is also discussed in this review.
Microstrip patch antenna as a paper moisture sensor
Authors: Bansode P S , Tanti H A , Joshi A C , Gaikwad Y J , Aiyer R C , Gangal S.A.
Published: February 2023

This paper reports the use of non destructive, microstrip patch antenna as paper moisture sensor. Microstrip patch antenna is designed to resonate at 2.4GHz. This design is simulated and fabricated on copper clad type FR4 (εr= 4.4) having thickness of 1.6mm. Patch dimension are 27mm × 30mm and substrate dimension is 63mm × 60mm. The microstrip transmission line is used to provide excitation for the antenna. This design for microstrip patch antenna after fabrication showed a resonance at 2.38 GHz on vector network analyzer at S11=-19.38dB with impedance =49Ω. The variations in frequency in relation with water content in the paper is measured using Vector Network Analyzer by placing wet paper on the patch antenna. Moisture content in the paper was found out by taking wet weight and dry weight of the paper. The model of the wet paper is recommended primarily on the basis of water-dry paper reactions, along with the thickness and surface roughness explaining tendencies of the sensitivity graphs. Paper samples of 13 different types, with different GSM values and thicknesses, havingdimensions same as that of the substrate were tested. From the results it is observed that as the moisture content in the paper increases the frequency decreases. The change in frequency with respect to the moisture content is seen to have quadratic relation with moisture. The variations in the frequency are fitted in the form of equations. The calculated %Mwet indicates an error around ±0-4% in the calculated value as compared to the actual value. The response of sensor is almost linear with respect to the references but the coefficients depend non-linearly with the paper dimension.
Impact of Scintillation Effect on Clear Weather and Fog Conditions using MDM-WDM Modulation Technique
Authors: Anuranjana  , Kaur Sanmukh , Goyal Rakesh
Published: February 2023

The 5th generation optical wireless communication technologies have unique features of higher data rate, scalability in bandwidth, license free spectrum, cost effectiveness, easy deplorability and secured transmission. The role of free space optical (FSO) communication becomes important as the applications of next generation technologies are evolving in almost every sector. In this work, the performance of the terrestrial FSO MDM-WDM link has been investigated through a DP-QPSK modulation scheme at a data rate of 1000 Gbps. The link attenuation has been analysed with the help of Gamma- Gamma and Lognormal scintillation models considering clear weather and varying fog conditions. The link performance has been evaluated through SNR and received optical power for a varying distance of up-to 20 Km.
Finite Element Analysis of a Road Divider for Impact Testing and Material Selection
Authors: Patwardhan Devendra , Ghorpade Ratnakar R. , Karandikar Ketan V.
Published: February 2023

Road divider is one of the most important things which needs to be worked on because many times vehicles are hit on the road divider which results in serious injury or death of the person because generally road dividers are made from concrete, and concrete does not have impact force reducing capacity. On the other side, composite materials like Bamboo-based polymer composite, foamed PVC-based composite and Jute fiber reinforced composites have a higher impact force absorbing capacity. The primary objective of this research is to select a material that is suitable to absorb the impact of the car and not to transfer any forces back in to the car, which will further avoid or reduce the overall impact of the injury to the passengers.
A study of Real-Time Non-invasive Detection Techniques to Identify COVID-19 contagious person
Authors: Tilekar Sayali , Karle Pallavi , Deore Ajit , Rushi Arti , Ghosh Prasanta Kumar
Published: February 2023

The whole world has witnessed the global pandemic situation caused and hampered very badly due to COVID-19. We had seen the adverse effect globally, in terms of health, economy, social lifestyle. So, it’s an urgent need to find a rapid detection technique/test to avoid the spread of the virus. The most effective and world-wide accepted detection method of COVID-19 is the RT-PCR. But due to its slow detection time and False-negative rates, researchers and scientists are trying different detection methods such as use of GC-MS, E-nose, Electrochemical method, use of nanomaterial-based sensor arrays. But all these have limitations in terms of real time sensing, detection time, sample preparation, etc. In order to overcome said drawbacks and to get real-time analysis, we are proposing a concept for COVID-19 detection based on the reported literature. As per recent advancement researchers have evident the presence of VOCs in COVID-19 infected person’s breath by GC-MS method. A real time system is very much necessary to detect the VOCs in the Exhaled breath of the COVID-19 infected person to minimize the burden of healthcare system. In this article we will discuss and propose the probable detection techniques for real time sensing of the VOCs presence in the Exhaled breath of the COVID-19 infected person.
Variation in optical properties of Poly vinyl alcohol using zinc halide for UV region applications
Authors: Vinod Vignesh , Kale Mayuri , Deshmukh Anshuja , Deore Ajit , Nandimath Madhavi , Bhajantri Rajashekhar F. , Naik Jagadish
Published: February 2023

Herein we report the optical properties of different amounts zinc halide added poly(vinyl alcohol) polymer composites and characterised for spectral absorbance. The composites shown appreciable optical properties as established by a UV–visible techniques. The composites were analysed by determining different optical parameters such as band tail energy of localised states, energy bandgap, optical susceptibility.
Physico-chemical properties of compression molded glass fiber reinforced polypropylene polymer composites
Authors: Bendure Sahil , Sharma Ankush , Patil Janhvi , Naik Jagadish , Jagtap Rahul
Published: February 2023

This article reports the material properties of short random discontinuous oriented glass fiber reinforced polypropylene composite is studied. The composite was prepared using compression molding process. The mechanical, structural, and thermal properties were observed by using universal testing machine, FTIR, XRD and DSC. The FTIR confirms the interaction between polypropylene and glass fibers. Semicrystalline nature is confirmed by XRD. The influence of temperature on viscosity and relaxation times in a material were analyzed using WLF and VTF equations. Mechanical stability is evaluated using stress -strain plots.
Galactic cosmic rays: latest results from the DAMPE mission
Authors: Parenti Andrea
Published: February 2023

The space-based DAMPE (DArk Matter Particle Explorer) particle detector has been taking data for more than 6 years since its successful launch in December 2015. Its main scientific goals include the indirect search of Dark Matter signatures in the cosmic lepton spectra, the study of Galactic Cosmic Rays up to energies of hundreds of TeV and high-energy gamma ray astronomy. This talk will focus on Galactic Cosmic Rays and the measurement of their spectra, fundamental to investigate the mechanisms of acceleration at their sources and propagation through the interstellar medium. The most recent results on Proton and Helium, which revealed new spectral features, will be highlighted. Ongoing analyses regarding the cosmic ray light component, medium and heavy mass nuclei will be discussed alongside studies on the so-called secondary cosmic rays.
Preliminary results for helium flux measured by the High-Energy Particle Detector (HEPD-01) on board the CSES-01 satellite
Authors: Panico Beatrice , Sotgiu Alessandro
Published: February 2023

The High-Energy Particle Detector (HEPD-01) is one of the payloads on board of CSES-01, the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite dedicated to monitoring perturbations of electromagnetic fields, plasma and charged particle fluxes induced by natural sources and artificial emitters in the near-Earth space. It is a light and compact payload suitable for measuring electrons (3-100 MeV), protons (30-300 MeV), and light nuclei (up to a few hundreds of MeV) with a high energy resolution and a wide angular acceptance. It has been launched in February 2018 on a Low-Earth Orbit and an altitude of about 507 km with a foreseen mission lifetime of over 5 years. It is providing crucial new insight in the physical dynamics of the radiation belts in the Earth’s magnetosphere. In this work, a preliminary analysis on helium spectra with energy >60 MeV is presented.
Current Status of the HERD Space Mission Design
Authors: Silveri Leandro
Published: February 2023

HERD (High Energy Radiation Detector) is a future experiment for space-based detection of cosmic rays and gamma ray astronomy onboard the Chinese Space Station. Its most innovative feature will be the event collection from 5 sides, and with its large size it will result in a one-order-of-magnitude jump in acceptance with respect to current largest calorimetric experiments. This will make possible to investigate cosmic ray spectra for each species up to the so-called knee region at PeV energies. The all-electron spectrum will be also measured up to about 10 TeV (depending on the actual flux) and the gamma sky will be studied with a large effective area from a few hundreds MeV up to few TeV, also allowing for the search for possible signatures from dark matter particles in our galaxy.
The NUSES space mission
Authors: De Mitri I. , Di Santo M.
Published: February 2023

NUSES is a new space mission aiming to test innovative observational and technological approaches related to the study of low energy cosmic and gamma rays, high energy astrophysical neutrinos, Sun-Earth environment, Space weather and magnetosphere-ionosphere-lithosphere coupling (MILC). The satellite will host two payloads, named TERZINA and ZIRÉ. ZIRÉ will perform measurements of electrons, protons and light nuclei from few up to hundreds of MeV, also testing new tools for the detection of cosmic MeV photons, and monitoring of MILC signals. TERZINA will observe the Cherenkov light produced by EAS generated by cosmic ray primaries at very high energies and will monitor the light emissions from the Earth limb in the near UV and visible ranges at the ns time scale, thus testing the observational concept of detecting Earth skimming astrophysical high energy neutrinos. The scientific objectives and development status of the mission will be presented.
The science of ultra-high energy cosmic rays after more than 15 years of operation of the Pierre Auger Observatory
Authors: Deligny Olivier
Published: February 2023

The Pierre Auger Observatory has been detecting ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) for more than fifteen years. An essential feature of the Observatory is its hybrid design: cosmic rays above 100 PeV are detected through the observation of the associated air showers with different and complementary techniques, from surface detector arrays and fluorescence telescopes to radio antennas. The analyses of the multi-detector data have enabled high-statistics and high-precision studies of the energy spectrum, mass composition and distribution of arrival directions of UHECRs. The resulting picture is summarized in this contribution. While no discrete source of UHECRs has been identified so far, the extragalactic origin of the particles has been recently determined from the arrival directions above 8 EeV, and the ring is closing around nearby astrophysical sites at higher energies. Also, the established upper limits on fluxes of UHE neutrinos and photons have implications on dark matter and cosmological aspects that are also presented in this contribution.