bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FROM SAIRAM TO KUBACHI: SOCIAL AND CULTURAL CONTEXT OF THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY DISHWARE EPIHGRAPHY
Authors: Babajanov Bakhtiyar Miraimovich
Published: December 2024

This study attempts to fill the gaps in the research on 15th-century glazed ceramicware found across a vast region extending from Sairam in Southern Kazakhstan to Kubachi and the southern borders of Iran, as published in numerous articles and monographs. This paper focuses primarily on the inscriptions adorning these ceramics, which occasionally include the names of the artisans, dates, and places of manufacture. In our paper, we present a previously unpublished fragment of inscribed dishware from Old Tashkent. The study reveals that the majority of inscriptions on ceramics from this period are excerpts from Sufi poetry. We have successfully identified the authors of these poems. Previous publications typically provided only cursory readings and translations of the epigraphic content without attempting to identify the authors or interpret the texts within cultural contexts or as potential reflections of Sufi ideology. We argue that a “Sufi reading” of these texts significantly alters their interpretation and translation. However, when isolated from their original poetic context, the meaning of these fragments often becomes utilitarian, a part of gift-giving wishes. This transformation does not necessarily indicate a complete desecration of the original text, but rather reflects the cultural demands and codes of the typical consumers of this ceramicware within the framework of a “folk perception” of Sufi poetry.
DAGESTAN’S UNIONS OF RURAL COMMUNITIES: FORMATION, ETHNIC STRUCTURE, GOVERNANCE SYSTEM
Authors: Aliev Bagomed G.
Published: December 2024

The unions of rural communities (URCs) of Dagestan were self-governing structures that united villages (jamaats), serving as a key component in the political organization of the Dagestani peoples. The primary functions of the URC encompassed a broad range of life support activities, including material, demographic, and spiritual reproduction, the continuity of generations, territorial protection, and maintaining independence. The ethnic factor played a nominal role in the URC formation, which primarily consisted of subethnic groups or unions of jamaats that shared specific dialects of a specific people. The governing bodies of URCs were established and located in the main villages, with a governance system that was generally uniform across Dagestani community unions. However, the URC governance system was unique in that its governing bodies typically functioned as the central villages’ governing bodies. While rural community residents did not directly participate in electing senior officials, they delegated representatives to all-union gatherings such as people’s assemblies and councils of elders. The highest administrative officials, including elders and qadis, of the central settlements were elected exclusively by residents of these settlements, despite their authority extending over the entire union of rural communities. The roles and responsibilities of these officials were meticulously detailed and strictly adhered to. URCs in Dagestan, documented since the Early Middle Ages, represent a new stage in socio-political self-organization, socio-cultural dynamics, and the formation of civil identity within the Dagestani multi-ethnic community, succeeding the emergence of large rural settlements (“shi,” “roso,” “khyur,” etc.).
TRADITIONAL CULTURE OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS PEOPLES
IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY
Authors: Kanukova Zalina V.
Published: December 2024

The interest in the traditional culture of the peoples of the North Caucasus is driven by the increasing public interest in ethnocultural values, which manifests in various expressions within modern society, particularly in the regional segments of the Internet space, and frequently occurs spontaneously. The process of updating traditional culture in all its forms is intriguing, as its study helps to identify the causes, essence, and resources for modernization, as well as to predict its consequences. The article considers commitment to traditional culture as a means of expressing ethnic identity, which remains a determining factor in many aspects of life in the North Caucasus. It also views this commitment as a defensive reaction to the risks posed by the information society, with its vast integration potential and global intercultural communication. Particular attention is given to the actualization of tradition among the younger generation, who are at the forefront of revival practices aimed at preserving and developing their native language and culture. The study reveals that, alongside numerous positive outcomes, there are also consequences related to falsifications and ignorant interpretations of cultural phenomena. These issues are widespread across the network space, various entertainment events, and publishing projects. A barrier to falsifications and provocative projects should be the popularization of scientific knowledge, but in a modern presentation, in the form of a media product. The article proposes an applied project for the creation of a digital database titled “Innovative Resources of the Historical and Cultural Heritage of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania”. This database aims to present complete, scientifically substantiated, and systematized historical and cultural information on cultural heritage sites. The digital database will include interpretations of key issues, images, symbols, names, and historical and cultural phenomena, all free from ignorance, fanaticism, and false interpretations. This resource will help to determine the meaning and essence of the original tradition, trace the dynamics of its development, and identify potential prospects in modern society. Specifically, it will aid in the development of tourism, the preservation and actualization of folk crafts, and the implementation of socio-cultural, educational, and upbringing projects.
“FROM INDEPENCE TO WAR”: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN HISTORIOGRAPHY ON THE ARMED CONFLICT IN CHECHNYA
Authors: Goryushina Evgeniya M. , Osmaev Abbaz D.
Published: December 2024

This article analyzes the English-language historiography of the armed conflict in the Chechen Republic. The study employs a periodization approach, which serves as the basis for source analysis and divides the research into two stages: the path towards independence in the wake of the past (1991-1996) and from independence to war (1999-2009). A content analysis of historical works has been conducted. This research aims to elucidate the construction of foreign historiography concerning the most prominent post-Soviet armed conflict, the information about which is often recreated, distorted, and utilized by numerous authors to portray a negative image of the Russian Federation, both past and present. The study reveals that foreign researchers have largely overlooked the relationship between armed violence and collective memory, instead focusing on the dynamics between the republic and the federal center following the collapse of the USSR. The majority of foreign historiography regarding the armed conflict in the region exhibits a negative connotation, is politicized, and contains an assessment of the relationship along the “center-periphery” axis. The study finds that foreign authors describing the period of 1994-1996 shifted their research focus to separatism in Chechnya and its struggle for independence from Russia, taking into account the historical context (beginning with the Caucasian War). It is determined that the mass deportation of 1944 played a decisive role in mobilizing collective memory prior to the outbreak of hostilities in 1994, a topic addressed by virtually all foreign authors. The changed international counter-terrorism agenda following September 11, 2001, resulted in the “Ichkerian” past of Chechnya (1991-1999) being marginalized in public and academic discourse. Foreign works analyzing the armed actions of 1999-2009 began to attract interest for the development of military industry (particularly in the United States). This shift is attributed to terrorism replacing not only traditional warfare but also guerrilla tactics, which were previously widely employed in Chechnya. Foreign authors have observed that since 1999, the image of Chechens has been demonized in public discourse and transformed into that of “mujahideen.”
ANALYSIS AND EVOLUTION OF THE CATACOMB STRUCTURE OF THE ALANIAN CULTURE ON THE MIDDLE TEREK FROM THE 3RD TO THE MID-5TH CENTURY AD
Authors: Malashev Vladimir Yu.
Published: December 2024

Archaeological excavations at the Bratskiye I, Oktyabrskiy I, and Kievskiy I burial grounds conducted in 2018–2019 yielded 323 burial complexes belonging to the Alanian culture, dating from the 3rd century to the first half/middle of the 5th century AD. The predominant burial structure identified was Type I catacomb, accounting for 90% (290 complexes) of the analyzed sample. These catacombs were examined for structural changes across four chronological periods: the first half – middle of the 3rd century AD; the second half of the 3rd – early 4th century AD; the first – third quarter of the 4th century AD; the last quarter of the 4th – first half/middle of the 5th century AD. The following features were analyzed: the shape and orientation of the entrance pits, their proportions, the design of the steps at the rear walls of the entrance pits, the shape of the entrance to the chamber, the length of the dromos, the shape and orientation of the chambers, and the shape of the vault. This analysis allowed us to observe their evolution over the identified periods and to establish three standards with one transitional group, each with a chronological assessment: standard I (first half to the middle of the 3rd century AD); standard II (4th century AD); and standard III (around the turn of the 4th/5th centuries to the first half/middle of the 5th century AD). The transitional group (second half of the 3rd century AD) occupies an intermediate position between standards I and II, wherein half of the features align with standard I, and half with standard II; within this framework, changes in certain features occur, followed by the development of a new standard. To summarize, the following trends were observed: 1) The shape of the entrance pits changed from trapezoidal to rectangular, and their proportions elongated; 2) The design of the steps evolved from various combinations of corner steps to steps in the form of a staircase from one corner of the entrance pit along the side wall, and later to steps at the back wall along the entire width of the entrance pit; 3) The shape of the chambers changed from oval to rectangular; 4) The shape of the vault changed from descending from the entrance to the front wall of the chamber and horizontal – to extended from the entrance upwards, pointed, and, less often, trapezoidal; 5) There was a general increase in the degree of standardization from the 3rd century to the first half/middle of the 5th century AD.
THE ROLE OF FIRE IN THE TRADITIONAL RITUAL CULTURE OF DAGESTAN PEOPLES
Authors: Musaeva Majsarat K.
Published: December 2024

Fire is regarded as one of the earliest “ambivalent essences”, tamed by humans, and an integral part of the ritual culture of the peoples of Dagestan. The versatility of such a symbol – which has given rise to numerous ideas, beliefs, and attributes of holidays, rites, and rituals – is not fully explored or presented in the works of Dagestani and other Russian researchers. Rather than considering the utilitarian aspect of fire, this paper examines fire as a symbol encompassing many facets of the traditional ideas of people. It portrays fire as a microcosm that influences individuals and the environment, serving as a tool of knowledge with significant epistemological potential. Fire, as a sacred symbol, is deeply rooted in history, culture, and ethnographic traditions among nearly all peoples of the world. In this regard, it is of particular interest for studying the history of religious ideas, festive cultures, and the mental preferences of the peoples of Dagestan. A systematic study of the genesis of the symbolism of “fire” and its derivatives (such as ash, coal, and firebrands), examined as part of a comprehensive system, allows us to illustrate their material roots, historical bases, and their constant connection with reality. This approach reveals the dual perception of fire and provides an analysis of its super-symbols, solar signs, and the cult of the sun and fire within the belief systems of the peoples of Dagestan. The methodological foundation of this study encompasses the works of Russian and foreign scholars: historians, ethnographers, and folklorists, as well as the author’s own field research and observations. It employs comparative-historical and retrospective methods with a cultural approach to ethnocultural mutual influences. The findings suggest that tamed fire in the hearth, with its harnessed energy, indelibly marked the spiritual culture and ideas of humanity, securing a significant role in the rituals of both familial and public life among the peoples of Dagestan.
Literature Review: Perkembangan Keterampilan Profesi Akuntan
Authors: Wallu Fitriani , Jaya I Made Laut Mertha , Andrianto Wahyu , Anan Edy
Published: December 2024

This research was conducted to find out the development, description, and opportunities for accountant professional skills in Indonesia so far. This research uses a qualitative method, with a literature review design. The more advanced the business world, of course, will affect the increasingly complex transactions that occur both in terms of type and in terms of the number of transactions themselves. In the end, this will directly affect the progress of the accounting discipline itself. This research identifies several skills that are necessary and important for the accounting profession in Indonesia, namely technical skills, generic skills, and technology and IT skills. The skill development of the accounting profession in the future has changed a lot compared to the past. They can do digital record keeping, which reduces time, despite the different opportunities in the accountant and auditor careers. Since the implementation of robotic technology is quite large, they still cannot perform all important tasks. Future accountants may also find new jobs and more responsibilities. As a result, accountants need the ability to adjust to technological changes that will continue to occur. Future accountants must have information technology, critical thinking, and problem solving skills.
Transtornos do neurodesenvolvimento: preditores cognitivos pessoal e comportamental das dificuldades de aprendizagem
Authors: Wosnes Cleunice de Jesus , Rosemberg Sérgio
Published: December 2024

As queixas de Dificuldades de Aprendizagem (DA) têm sido recorrentes na educação básica, e o número de crianças com distúrbios do neurodesenvolvimento em sala de aula tem aumentado significativamente. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os preditores cognitivos, pessoais e comportamentais das DAs, bem como a prevalência de Deficiência Intelectual (DI) na população estudada. Foram pesquisadas 84 crianças e adolescentes com idade entre 8 e 14 anos, atendidas na divisão de neuropediatria do Hospital da Santa Casa de São Paulo, com diagnóstico de Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade (TDAH), Deficiência Intelectual (DI), Transtorno Específico da Aprendizagem (TEAp), Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA), Transtorno Específico da Linguagem (TEL). Os instrumentos utilizados foram o questionário sociodemográfico; WISC-IV; BPA; FDT; RAVLT; TDE e a Figura Complexa de Rey, abrangendo 29 variáveis cognitivas e 13 variáveis pessoal e comportamental. Os resultados obtidos mostram que pela análise de regressão logística univariada, foram preditores de pior desempenho escolar, prematuridade (p:0,056), agressividade (p:0,061), agitação (p:0,034) e o desinteresse pela escola (p:0,005). Este último consolidou-se como forte preditor para DAs no modelo final.  Na esfera cognitiva, além do QI ser preditivo para o pior desempenho escolar (p:0,051),  mostraram-se preditores os domínios de atenção (0,052), aquisição da informação auditiva  (p: 0,090), armazenamento da informação visual (p:0,093), compreensão de regras e  normas sociais (p:0,034), manipulação mental (0,064), abstração (p:0,022), flexibilidade  mental (p:0,044), raciocínio verbal (p: 0,045), perceptual (p:0,035), velocidade de  processamento grafomotor (p:0,06) e cognitivo (p: 0,026). Os dois últimos, juntamente com a atenção, mantiveram-se no modelo final como preditores de pior desempenho escolar.  Evidenciou-se percentual elevado de DI leve (29,6%) na população do estudo. Conclui-se que a deficiência intelectual continua a ser subdiagnosticada entre os alunos da educação básica. As crianças com distúrbios do neurodesenvolvimento apresentam graves dificuldades de aprendizagem, com preditores tanto cognitivo, quanto pessoal e comportamental interferindo no seu desenvolvimento escolar.
ОПТИМІЗАЦІЯ ПРОЦЕСУ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ КОМП’ЮТЕРНИХ МЕРЕЖ ІЗ ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ ХМАРНИХ СЕРВІСІВ
Authors: Рибалочка М. С. , Ільїн С. А. , Новіков Ю. Л.
Published: December 2024

У статті розглядаються підходи до оптимізації процесу функціонування комп'ютерних мереж за допомогою хмарних сервісів. Особлива увага приділяється економічній доцільності використання хмарних сервісів та можливим викликам, з якими можуть зіткнутися організації. В роботі проведено аналіз сучасних хмарних технологій: розглянуто основні моделі хмарних обчислень (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS) та їх застосування у мережевих інфраструктурах. В дослідженні було приділено увагу безпеці хмарних сервісів. В роботі проведено оцінку безпеки хмарних сервісів. Наведено основні виклики та рішення, пов'язані із забезпеченням безпеки даних та доступу до них в умовах хмарних середовищ. У статті було запропоновано математичну модель оптимізації процесу функціонування комп’ютерних мереж з використанням хмарних сервісів. Під час дослідження сформульована математична модель, яка враховує ключові фактори (витрати, час, затримку, безпеку) для оптимального розподілу ресурсів у хмарному середовищі. В статті проведено аналіз економічної доцільності: було проведено дослідження економічні вигоди від використання хмарних сервісів для оптимізації комп'ютерних мереж у порівнянні з традиційними підходами. В роботі запропоновано нову методику переходу у хмарне середовище, згідно якої для успішного переходу у хмару потрібно розробити стратегію переходу. Хмарна стратегія має вирішальне значення для кожної організації, незалежно від того, де вона перебуває на своєму шляху до хмари. Також, в роботі було описано метод розробки стратегії для впровадження хмарних технологій у комп’ютерних мережах. В роботі запропоновано напрямки для подальших досліджень в цій області та визначено виклики використання хмарних сервісів. У статті пропонуються перспективні шляхи подальшого розвитку хмарних технологій у сфері мережевих інфраструктур.
КОНСТРУКТИВНИЙ АНАЛІЗ БЮДЖЕТНИХ РІШЕНЬ ДЛЯ КЕРУВАННЯ РОБОТОТЕХНІЧНИМИ ПЛАТФОРМАМИ
Authors: Янко А. С. , Михайліченко О. В. , Крук О. О.
Published: December 2024

Метою даного дослідження є визначення оптимальних критеріїв удосконалення функціональних можливостей та конструктивних особливостей бюджетних робототехнічних платформ. Це включає вивчення існуючих бюджетних рішень, їх аналіз з точки зору ефективності, функціональності, надійності та можливостей подальшого удосконалення. Предметом статті є конструктивні рішення та підходи до удосконалення функціональних можливостей бюджетних робототехнічних платформ. Сюди входить аналіз різних типів конструкцій, вибір матеріалів, архітектура системи, програмне забезпечення, засоби управління, сенсори та інші компоненти, які впливають на ефективність робототехнічних платформ. Дослідження зосереджене на визначенні основних критеріїв, які забезпечують оптимальне співвідношення ціни та якості, а також можливостей для подальшого удосконалення без значного збільшення витрат. Об’єктом дослідження є бюджетні робототехнічні платформи, призначені для різних сфер використання, що відповідають вимогах мінімальної вартості проєктування, виробництва та експлуатації, що робить їх доступнішими для широкого кола користувачів, але не накладає суттєвих обмежень на їх функціональні можливості та надійність. Визначені в рамках дослідження критерії надають цілісне уявлення про те, на що слід звертати увагу при проєктуванні та удосконаленні бюджетних робототехнічних платформ. Це дозволяє збалансувати вартість та якість, забезпечити необхідну функціональність і надійність, а також створити робототехнічну систему, що відповідає сучасним вимогам і стандартам. Використання цих критеріїв надає можливість створення ефективних рішень, які можуть бути впроваджені в різних галузях, забезпечуючи при цьому економічну ефективність та високоефективні технічні характеристики. Аналіз бюджетних рішень відкриває нові можливості для розробників, забезпечуючи гнучкість у виборі компонентів, які відповідають специфічним вимогам проєкту.
ОПТИМІЗАЦІЯ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТІ ВЕБ-СЕРВЕРА APACHE
Authors: Антоненко А. В. , Мішкур Ю. В. , Сольський Д. Я. , Солобаєв С. Г. , Подуран Д. В. , Сарафанюк Р. О.
Published: December 2024

У цій статті досліджуються підходи до онлайн-оптимізації веб-сервер Apache, зосереджуючись на параметрі MaxClients. З використанням емпіричних та аналітичних методів дослідники доводять, що MaxClients має великий вплив на час відгуку, і рекомендують використовувати стратегії для підняття на гору для визначення оптимального значення MaxClients. Дослідження включає аналіз двох оптимізаторів, що використовують різні підходи, такі як метод Ньютона і нечітке керування, а також евристику, яка базується на зв’язку між використанням ресурсів та часом відгуку. Загалом, методи онлайн-оптимізації дозволяють скоротити час відповіді у 10 або більше разів порівняно зі статичним значенням за замовчуванням, хоча це може вимагати деяких компромісів між різними підходами. Дослідження можливостей покращення швидкості та часу реакції веб-сервера Apache за допомогою різноманітних технік і налаштувань, таких як оптимізація налаштувань сервера, використання кешування, стиснення даних, оптимізація маршрутизації запитів та інших, дійсно має велике значення у сучасному Інтернет-середовищі. Мета дослідження полягає в поліпшенні продуктивності та швидкості відповіді веб-сервера Apache, що може бути корисним для розробників та адміністраторів веб-додатків та сервісів. Швидкість та час відповіді серверів є важливими факторами для задоволення потреб користувачів та досягнення бізнес-цілей веб-додатків та сервісів. Оскільки Apache є одним з найпоширеніших веб-серверів у світі, оптимізація часу відповіді сервера Apache є важливим завданням для багатьох фахівців у галузі веб-розробки та адміністрування. В даному дослідженні розглянуті різні підходи та техніки для оптимізації часу відповіді Apache веб-сервера, включаючи налаштування параметрів сервера, використання кешування, стиснення даних, оптимізацію маршрутизації запитів та інші. Результати дослідження можуть бути корисними для розробників та адміністраторів веб-додатків та сервісів, які працюють з Apache веб-сервером. Оптимізація часу відповіді Apache серверу може суттєво покращити продуктивність та ефективність веб-додатків та сервісів, що, в свою чергу, може призвести до задоволення користувачів та досягнення бізнес-цілей.
Desarrollo de un agente inteligente capaz de jugar un videojuego de peleas
Authors: Montes Perez Alan Alberto , Torres Soto Aurora , Torres Soto Maria Dolores
Published: December 2024

Los videojuegos son una herramienta importante como campo de pruebas de algoritmos de aprendizaje por refuerzo, sin embargo, también son una buena herramienta para generar inteligencia artificial para los mismos. Esta investigación se dividió en dos fases generales, el desarrollo de un demo de videojuego de peleas llamado Brain Fighter y la creación de un modelo de aprendizaje por refuerzo basado en el algoritmo llamado Proximal Policy Optimization para entrenar un agente inteligente de modo que sea capaz de jugar satisfactoriamente Brain Fighter.En este artículo se presenta el mejor modelo obtenido como resultado de haber experimentado con seis modelos diferentes, además se expone la metodología utilizada para llevar a cabo toda la investigación, que constituye desde la creación de Brain Fighter en Unity, la elección del algoritmo de aprendizaje por refuerzo a utilizar disponible en ML Agents, la creación del modelo, el entrenamiento y los resultados obtenidos además de las conclusiones generales del trabajo.
SOSIALISASI INOVASI AYO KASI JUS WORTEL (AYO SUKSESKAN ASI EKSLUSIF DENGAN JUS WORTEL ) DI PMB AMRINA S.Tr,Keb METRO KECAMATAN METRO BARAT KOTA METRO LAMPUNG.
Authors: Nurliani Nurliani , Astriana Astriana , Febriyana Anita
Published: December 2024

Pemberian ASI eksklusif adalah pemberian ASI saja tanpa makanan atau minuman lain kecuali obat dan vitamin dari usia bayi 0 bulan sampai dengan 6 bulan. Hasil riset kesehatan dasar (Riskesdas) tahun 2013 menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ASI eksklusif sampai usia bayi 6 bulan di Indonesia masih rendah yaitu hanya sebesar 30,2% (Riskesdas, 2013). Penanganan pada Asi ekslusif  terdapat penangana secara farmakologi dan non farmakologi. Penanganan non farmakologi yang dapat dilakukan salah satunya adalah Jus wortel dan madu . Wortel mengandung vitamin A dan beta karoten yang bisa meningkatkan energi untuk memproduksi ASI. Tentu saja produksi ASI yang baik akan berpengaruh pada tumbuh kembang bayi. Wortel bahkan disebut sebagai makanan galactagogue. Istilah tersebut digunakan untuk menyebut makanan yang dinilai baik untuk melancarkan dan meningkatkan produksi ASI. Jadi, selain daun katuk atau sayuran hijau lainnya, wortel juga baik untuk dikonumsi selama masa menyusui.. Metode kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan memberikan edukasi/penyuluhan dan demonstrasi cara pembuatan jus wortel dan madu yang ditujukan kepada ibu menyusui selama 45 menit menggunakan media power point . Kegiatan berjalan dengan baik dan telah dilaksanakan pada tanggal 27 Juni 2024 di PMB Amrina , S.Tr.Keb Metro . Jumlah peserta yang hadir sebanyak 7 ibu Menyusui . Terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan ibu Menyusui setelah diberikan edukasi akan manfaat dari konsumsi jus wortel dan madu. Diharapkan hasil inovasi ini dapat digunakan sebagai masukan bagi ibu menyusui agar dapat mengetahui bagaimana cara membantu meningkatkan produksi asi dengan cara non farmakologi salah satunya dengan menggunakan jus wortel  dan madu.Kata kunci : Asi Ekslusif, Ibu menyusui, wortel , madu
Analysis of Chemical Parameters of Performance of Moringa Seed (Moringa oleifera) as Coagulant in Waste Water Treatment
Authors: Sinardi Sinardi , HT ST. Ica , Iryani A. Sry
Published: December 2024

Household liquid waste, which is rich in organic matter such as detergents and food waste, is one of the main causes of water and soil pollution. Household waste contains organic substances that pollute water and soil. Moringa seeds, as a natural coagulant, effectively bind suspended particles in water to be clean and safe for the environment. Moringa seeds, with their high protein content, act as a natural coagulant that is effective in settling pollutants in water. In addition, moringa seeds are rich in polar groups which have been proven to be effective as natural coagulants in lowering pH, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in liquid waste. This study aims to analyze the chemical parameters of the influence of moringa seeds on pH changes, decrease in BOD and COD levels in household liquid waste. In this study, liquid waste samples obtained from households around Banta Bantaeng, Rappocini Village, Makassar City were used. The chemical parameters analyzed include pH, BOD, and COD. The research was conducted using the jar test method to measure parameter changes before and after the coagulation process. The concentration of moringa seed coagulant was optimal at a concentration of 2–15 gr/L with a decrease in BOD of 95% and COD of 86%. The results of the study show that moringa seeds are effective in reducing the level of organic matter in household liquid waste. With its effectiveness and environmentally friendly nature, moringa seeds can be a sustainable alternative solution for household liquid waste treatment.
LA CONVIVENCIA EN EL CENTRO DE ACOGIDA PARA PERSONAS SIN HOGAR: ESTUDIO SOBRE LA FRECUENCIA DEL CONFLICTO
Authors: Díaz González José Manuel , Rodríguez Hernández Juan Antonio , Rosales Álamo Manuel José
Published: December 2024

El sinhogarismo, realidad compleja afectada por diversos factores sociales, genera distanciamiento de la persona que lo sufre de sus derechos sociales, limitando el ejercicio de su ciudadanía. Los centros de acogida tratan de mitigar esta realidad social ofreciendo diferentes servicios. Sobre las dinámicas de estos centros inciden diversos factores individuales, estructurales e institucionales que, además, están condicionados por determinadas directrices y procedimientos de funcionamiento. Pero, más allá de su innegable dimensión de asistencia, son espacios de convivencia no exentos de situaciones conflictivas que precisamos conocer para su mejora. Esta investigación tiene el objetivo de conocer la frecuencia de las situaciones conflictivas cotidianas (temáticas: Normas, Material, Relación, Agresiones verbales indirectas y Agresiones verbales directas) y su relación con las variables género, edad, adicciones y tiempo de permanencia. En este estudio cuantitativo y descriptivo participaron 104 personas usuarias de un centro de acogida que contestaron a un listado de 20 situaciones conflictivas. El análisis de los datos se realizó a través del SPSS (vs 24) y del JASP (vs 0.16.3). Para las mujeres la frecuencia de los conflictos es superior a la informada por los hombres. Las personas con adicción valoran como más frecuentes los conflictos en las temáticas Normas, Material, Agresión verbal indirecta y Agresiones verbales directa. Todas las temáticas muestran una correlación significativa y positiva con el tiempo de estancia en el recurso.  Los resultados señalan la necesidad de profundizar en el conocimiento de los conflictos en estos centros con la finalidad de mejorar las relaciones interpersonales, el contexto de convivencia y facilitar las condiciones para la integración social. En ese sentido, conocer los conflictos ayudaría a los recursos a generar espacios educativos de convivencia, y no solo de cohabitación, en los que se afronten positivamente los conflictos y facilite la integración social.
Daya Tarik Selebriti Dalam Politik: Studi Kasus Rekrutmen Caleg Artis Oleh Partai NasDem Pada Pemilu 2019
Authors: Prayitno Adi , Putra Ade Tamara
Published: December 2024

This research discusses the political recruitment process of the NasDem Party with a study of the nomination of celebrities by the NasDem Party in the 2019 legislative elections. The purpose of this study is to explain the factors behind the NasDem Party choosing to nominate many celebrity figures in the 2019 elections. This study used a qualitative method through descriptive analysis to explain the recruitment mechanism carried out by the NasDem Party in the process of nominating legislative candidates. The data collection technique used was through interviews as primary data and literature study as secondary data. The theoretical framework used in this study is the theory of political parties from Larry Diamond and Richard Gunter and the theory of political recruitment by Pippa Norris. The NasDem Party is the party that recruits and nominates the most celebrities in the 2019 legislative elections. The NasDem Party chooses to nominate celebrities based on several factors and is one of the NasDem Party strategies to raise party votes in the 2019 elections. celebrities in the 2019 elections, including: first, the popularity of celebrities. Second, there is a phenomenon of idol celebrities in several electoral districts. Third, the celebrity factor that is able to become a vote getter.Penelitian ini membahas proses rekrutmen politik Partai NasDem dengan studi pencalonan selebriti oleh Partai NasDem pada pemilu legislatif 2019. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan faktor-faktor di balik Partai NasDem memilih untuk mencalonkan banyak tokoh selebriti pada Pemilu 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif melalui analisis deskriptif untuk menjelaskan mekanisme rekrutmen yang dilakukan oleh Partai NasDem dalam proses pencalonan calon legislatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah melalui wawancara sebagai data primer dan studi pustaka sebagai data sekunder. Kerangka teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori partai politik dari Larry Diamond dan Richard Gunter dan teori rekrutmen politik oleh Pippa Norris. Partai NasDem adalah partai yang merekrut dan mencalonkan selebriti terbanyak dalam pemilihan legislatif 2019. Partai NasDem memilih untuk mencalonkan selebriti berdasarkan beberapa faktor dan merupakan salah satu strategi Partai NasDem untuk mengumpulkan suara partai pada Pemilu 2019. Selebriti di Pemilu 2019, termasuk: pertama, popularitas selebriti. Kedua, ada fenomena selebriti idola di beberapa daerah pemilihan. Ketiga, faktor selebriti yang mampu menjadi vote getter.
Strategi Kebijakan Konservasi Hutan Tropis Indonesia Untuk Mengatasi Perubahan Iklim: Sebuah Literatur Review
Authors: Anto Anto , Mappasere Fatmawati Andi , Usman Jaelan , Alyas Alyas
Published: December 2024

Climate change is a significant global issue, with deforestation and forest degradation contributing substantially to greenhouse gas emissions. This study aims to analyze the status of forest areas in Indonesia, identify the impact of deforestation and forest degradation on climate change, and evaluate the effectiveness of the REDD+ strategy as a conservation effort to address climate change. The research method used is a systematic literature review, involving the identification, screening, and analysis of data from various scientific sources. The results indicate that Indonesia has 120.5 million hectares of forest area; however, the high rate of deforestation is driven by land conversion for plantations, illegal logging, and mining activities. This deforestation contributes to increased CO2 emissions and exacerbates climate change. The implementation of the REDD+ strategy in Indonesia has shown potential in reducing the rate of deforestation and forest degradation through economic incentives and the enhancement of local capacity. This study highlights the importance of sustainable forest management and effective REDD+ policy implementation to address climate change.Perubahan iklim adalah isu global yang signifikan, dengan deforestasi dan degradasi hutan berkontribusi besar terhadap emisi gas rumah kaca. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis status kawasan hutan di Indonesia, mengidentifikasi dampak deforestasi dan degradasi hutan terhadap perubahan iklim, serta mengevaluasi efektivitas strategi REDD+ sebagai upaya konservasi untuk mengatasi perubahan iklim. Metode yang digunakan adalah tinjauan literatur sistematis, yang mencakup proses identifikasi, penyaringan, dan analisis data dari berbagai sumber ilmiah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia memiliki 120,5 juta hektar kawasan hutan, namun laju deforestasi yang tinggi disebabkan oleh konversi lahan untuk perkebunan, pembalakan liar, dan aktivitas pertambangan. Deforestasi ini berkontribusi pada peningkatan emisi CO2 dan memperparah perubahan iklim. Implementasi strategi REDD+ di Indonesia menunjukkan potensi dalam mengurangi laju deforestasi dan degradasi hutan melalui insentif ekonomi dan peningkatan kapasitas lokal. Penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya pengelolaan hutan yang berkelanjutan dan implementasi kebijakan REDD+ yang efektif untuk mengatasi perubahan iklim.
Electroencephalography: The Beginning. On the centenary of Hans Berger’s first recording of an electroencephalogram
Authors: Aleksandrov M. V. , Aleksandrov A. M.
Published: December 2024

The German psychiatrist and psychophysiologist, Hans Berger (1873–1941), rightfully holds the title of «father of electroencephalography.» He was the first to record an electroencephalogram in July 1924. From 1929 to 1940, Berger published the results of his long-term research on the recording of the overall bioelectric activity of the human brain from the scalp surface. He proposed the term «electroencephalography» and the abbreviation «EEG», characterized the major types of activity, described the phenomena of synchronization and desynchronization. In his research, Berger focused on the EEG’s dynamics during changes in brain functional activity, trying to find electrophysiological correlates of mental functions and states.
The Mysterious Russian Genius: On the 150th Anniversary of N.S. Korotkov
Authors: Kulikov A. N.
Published: December 2024

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Temporary recommendations of the russian association of functional diagnostics specialists on the registration of a conclusion based on the results of spirometry
Authors: Dyakova S. , Kameneva M. , Kiryukhina L. , Klyukhina Yu. , Orlova E. , Rabik Yu. , Savushkina O. , Struchkov P. , Chushkin M. , Chernyak A.
Published: December 2024

The article presents concise guidelines for quality control and protocol development for spirometry, a routine test of lung function. Based on Russian methodological recommendations for spirometry, standards of the American Thoracic Society, and the European Respiratory Society, these guidelines cover all stages of spirometry, from patient preparation to result interpretation, aiming to ensure high quality and reliability of the tests performed. The importance of adhering to standards and quality control is emphasized to guarantee the accuracy and reliability of spirometry results. The guidelines provide criteria for the quality of individual attempts and the entire test, criteria for selecting the best attempt, and recommendations for assessing the severity of abnormalities. Examples of formulating spirometry protocols are also given. These recommendations are intended for physicians in functional diagnostics, pulmonologists, therapists, anesthesiologists, medical staff, and aim to standardize the formation of spirometry protocols.
EFFECT OF MULTIMODAL LITERACY ON READING ABILITY OF INDONESIAN JAVANESE LEARNERS
Authors: Insani Nur Hanifah , Suwarna  , Triyono Sulis
Published: December 2024

Over the past few years, the use of multimodal literacy in education has emerged as an effective educational tool in language instruction worldwide. As a result, language instruction methods have been replaced by conventional instruction with multimodal literacy, which has the potential to enhance learners’ engagement and comprehension of reading, particularly Javanese script. This quasi-experimental study aims to determine the effect of using multimodal literacy on reading ability of Javanese script learners and to find out Javanese learners’ attitudes of using multimodal literacy on their reading ability.  The sample included 72 language learners at a senior high school in central Java, Indonesia. The pretest and posttest mean scores in Javanese script reading ability between the control group and the experimental group were analysed. The results indicate that the use of multimodal literacy as an approach effectively enhances the ability and fluency of Javanese script reading in underperforming learners. Additionally, learners reported positive attitudes towards multimodal literacy. This study suggests that multimodal literacy may be integrated into the Javanese language curriculum as it is more relevant to students’ learning preferences, and it is more responsive to diverse learning modes.
Molecular and metabolomic characterization of hiPSC-derived cardiac fibroblasts transitioning to myofibroblasts
Authors: Nagalingam Raghu Sundaresan , Jayousi Farah , Hamledari Homa , Dababneh Saif , Hosseini Dina , Lindsay Chloe , Klein Geltink Ramon , Lange Philipp F. , Dixon Ian Michael , Rose Robert Alan , Czubryt Michael Paul , Tibbits Glen Findlay
Published: December 2024

Background

Mechanical stress and pathological signaling trigger the activation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, which impacts extracellular matrix composition, disrupts normal wound healing, and can generate deleterious fibrosis. Myocardial fibrosis independently promotes cardiac arrhythmias, sudden cardiac arrest, and contributes to the severity of heart failure. Fibrosis can also alter cell-to-cell communication and increase myocardial stiffness which eventually may lead to lusitropic and inotropic cardiac dysfunction. Human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiac fibroblasts (hiPSC-CFs) have the potential to enhance clinical relevance in precision disease modeling by facilitating the study of patient-specific phenotypes. However, it is unclear whether hiPSC-CFs can be activated to become myofibroblasts akin to primary cells, and the key signaling mechanisms in this process remain unidentified.

Objective

We aim to explore the notable changes in fibroblast phenotype upon passage-mediated activation of hiPSC-CFs with increased mitochondrial metabolism, like primary cardiac fibroblasts.

Methods

We activated the hiPSC-CFs with serial passaging from passage 0 to 3 (P0 to P3) and treatment of P0 with TGFβ1.

Results

Passage-mediated activation of hiPSC-CFs was associated with a gradual induction of genes to initiate the activation of these cells to myofibroblasts, including collagen, periostin, fibronectin, and collagen fiber processing enzymes with concomitant downregulation of cellular proliferation markers. Most importantly, canonical TGFβ1 and Hippo signaling component genes including TAZ were influenced by passaging hiPSC-CFs. Seahorse assay revealed that passaging and TGFβ1 treatment increased mitochondrial respiration, consistent with fibroblast activation requiring increased energy production, whereas treatment with the glutaminolysis inhibitor BPTES completely attenuated this process.

Conclusion

Our study highlights that the hiPSC-CF passaging enhanced fibroblast activation, activated fibrotic signaling pathways, and enhanced mitochondrial metabolism approximating what has been reported in primary cardiac fibroblasts. Thus, hiPSC-CFs may provide an accurate in vitro preclinical model for the cardiac fibrotic condition, which may facilitate the identification of putative anti-fibrotic therapies, including patient-specific approaches.
Advancing cybersecurity and privacy with artificial intelligence: current trends and future research directions
Authors: Achuthan Krishnashree , Ramanathan Sasangan , Srinivas Sethuraman , Raman Raghu
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The rapid escalation of cyber threats necessitates innovative strategies to enhance cybersecurity and privacy measures. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising tool poised to enhance the effectiveness of cybersecurity strategies by offering advanced capabilities for intrusion detection, malware classification, and privacy preservation. However, this work addresses the significant lack of a comprehensive synthesis of AI's use in cybersecurity and privacy across the vast literature, aiming to identify existing gaps and guide further progress.

Methods

This study employs the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework for a comprehensive literature review, analyzing over 9,350 publications from 2004 to 2023. Utilizing BERTopic modeling, 14 key themes in AI-driven cybersecurity were identified. Topics were clustered and validated through a combination of algorithmic and expert-driven evaluations, focusing on semantic relationships and coherence scores.

Results

AI applications in cybersecurity are concentrated around intrusion detection, malware classification, federated learning in privacy, IoT security, UAV systems and DDoS mitigation. Emerging fields such as adversarial machine learning, blockchain and deep learning are gaining traction. Analysis reveals that AI's adaptability and scalability are critical for addressing evolving threats. Global trends indicate significant contributions from the US, India, UK, and China, highlighting geographical diversity in research priorities.

Discussion

While AI enhances cybersecurity efficacy, challenges such as computational resource demands, adversarial vulnerabilities, and ethical concerns persist. More research in trustworthy AI, standardizing AI-driven methods, legislations for robust privacy protection amongst others is emphasized. The study also highlights key current and future areas of focus, including quantum machine learning, explainable AI, integrating humanized AI and deepfakes.
Pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo: a systematic review
Authors: Kasonia Kambale , Brindle Hannah , Manno Daniela , Edwards Tansy , Gardais Soazic , Mambula Grace , Mossoko Zephirin , Choi Edward M. , Connor Nicholas E. , Mukadi Pierre , Grais Rebecca F. , Keshinro Babajide , Roberts Chrissy H. , Kavunga-Membo Hugo , Bausch Daniel G. , Muyembe Jean-Jacques , Watson-Jones Deborah
Published: December 2024

Background

Conflict is known to impact maternal and neonatal health in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), an area of longstanding insecurity. We conducted a systematic review on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in this region to provide a comprehensive overview of maternal and neonatal outcomes over a 20-year period.

Methods

We systematically searched databases, such as Medline, EMBASE, Global Health, ClinicalTrials.gov and the Cochrane Library, along with grey literature, for articles published between 2001 and 2021. These articles provided quantitative data on selected pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in the provinces of Ituri, Maniema and North and South Kivu, Eastern DRC. We conducted a descriptive analysis, combining results from different data sources and comparing incidence of outcomes in North Kivu with those in other provinces in Eastern DRC.

Results

A total of 1,065 abstracts from peer-reviewed publications and 196 articles from the grey literature were screened, resulting in the inclusion of 14 scientific articles in the review. The most frequently reported pregnancy complications were caesarean sections (11.6%–48.3% of deliveries) and miscarriage (1.2%–30.0% of deliveries). The most common neonatal outcomes were low birth weight (3.8%–21.9% of live births), preterm birth (0.9%–74.0%) and neonatal death (0.2%–43.3%).

Conclusion

Our review provides data on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in Eastern DRC, which will be valuable for future studies. Despite the area's ongoing armed conflict, the percentages of complications we noted in Eastern DRC are comparable with those observed in other countries in the region.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=262553, PROSPERO (CRD42021262553).