bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Festivals in Stimulating the Development of Event Tourism
Authors: AKHUNDOVA Aytakin
Published: June 2024

The research topic related to the role of festivals in event tourism is relevant as the impact of this tourism on the world economy and socio-cultural development is currently growing. Festivals have become key elements of event tourism, attracting huge numbers of tourists, and influencing regional economies, and with increasing globalization and accessibility of travel, festivals are becoming magnets for those seeking new cultural and entertainment experiences. The research aims to analyze and interpret the impact of festivals on the development of event tourism, considering current socio-cultural and economic trends. Among the methods used, analytical, statistical, functional, system analysis, deduction, synthesis, and comparison methods were applied. The study analyzed various aspects of the impact of festivals on event tourism such as economic benefits to regional communities, cultural exchange, media attention (media) and large-scale tourist influx. Different types of festivals (for example, music, culture, sports) and their impact on attracting different types of tourists were examined. The economic benefits that festivals bring to regional communities have been highlighted, which includes an assessment of employment, business growth, impact on trade, investment, and other aspects. The impact of festivals on the socio-cultural dynamics of regions is analyzed, and effective strategies for planning and promoting festivals to maximize their impact on event tourism are investigated. The practical significance lies in the application of the findings to address issues related to festivals to effectively develop event tourism.
Economic Dimensions of Agrarian Contracting
Authors: BACHEV Hrabrin
Published: June 2024

The achievements of the interdisciplinary New Institutional Economics are adapted and a holistic approach to the definition, classification, evaluation, and improvement of contracts and contractual relations is justified. A critical analysis of the contemporary development of Contractual Economics is made and the specificity of the economic study of agrarian contracts is summarized. A ‘new’ Agents-Means-Process-Order (AMPO) approach for economic analysis, evaluation and improvement of agrarian contracts is presented, including: (1) economic definition of agrarian contracts and characterization of their place in the system of agrarian governance as bilateral or multilateral agreements related to agricultural production and services; (2) economic characteristics of the agents participating in the contractual relations (interests, awareness, risk-taking, capability, tendency to opportunism, etc.); (3) economic characteristics of different types of agrarian contracts (for purchase and sale, hire of labor and resources, services, loan, insurance, marketing, coalition, etc.); (4) economic characterization of the agrarian contracting process (technological, transactional, institutional, etc. factors for managerial choice); (5) economic characterization of the outcome of the contractual process and the dominant governance order in the agrarian sphere (rule of law, rule of force, contractual structure, etc.); (6) characterization of the stages for the improvement of agrarian contracts and governance (identification of problems and failures of the market, private contracting, and public modes; needs and forms of new public intervention, etc.); (7) identification of needs and sources of new information for analysis and evaluation of agrarian contracts.
Brand Marketing Strategies of Trade Enterprises on Social Media Platforms
Authors: FAYVISHENKO Diana , LIULCHAK Zoreslava , MOHYLOVA Anastasiia , YAROVENKO Tetiana , LORVI Iryna , ALDANKOVA Halyna
Published: June 2024

Social media platforms are an important marketing tool for business promotion, in particular for increasing user engagement, coverage, awareness, and satisfaction. Marketing efficiency in social networks is significantly dependent on the choice and implementation of the brand strategy, which makes the studied theme relevant. The paper aims to study key factors of influence on the selection and implementation of SMM strategies. The study used statistical analysis methods, forecasting method, and comparative and descriptive methods. The results of the conducted study showed that the SMM market is rapidly developing, and this tendency is going to be preserved in the coming years. In particular, it is expected that the number of social network users will reach 5.85 billion people in 2027, while global advertising costs in social networks will amount to approximately 247.32 billion USD in the same year. The work has found exceeding advertising costs in social networks over the revenues from sales in the USA. This may be explained by the fact that marketing in social networks is, above all, oriented toward social objectives rather than an increase in sales volume or profit growth. Considering the conducted analysis, the approach to the formation of the stages of brand strategy on social media platforms with consideration of metrics systems was offered. The received results can be used by trade enterprises in the process of development of promotional campaigns in social networks.
Socio-Economic Aspects of Accessibility to Museums and Galleries in Europe by Removing Barriers
Authors: ŠEBOVÁ Ľubica , LAZUROVÁ Izabela , MARČEKOVÁ Radka
Published: June 2024

The paper deals with the theoretical and empirical investigation of socio-economic aspects of accessibility to museums and galleries by removing various barriers. While there are certain costs associated with barrier removal, making museum and galleries accessible also leads to an increase in visitor numbers, resulting in higher incomes. Thus, accessibility in turn, impacts both economy and society. The aim is to examine and identify the socio-economic aspects associated with making museums and galleries accessible to all and to compare the approach to this process in Slovakia and abroad. The study analyses primary data collected through a combination of questionnaire survey and interviews. The research sample consists of Slovak museums and galleries (n=52) and associations from 6 European countries. Results reveal that the main problem lies in the elimination of architectural barriers, which is caused by the historical nature of buildings and the financial difficulty associated with technical modifications. The lack of financial resources is as well considered to be a fundamental hindrance to the process of removing barriers. However, making culture accessible to people with disabilities is not driven by internal motivation, but rather by an obligation arising from the law. The findings also underscore that representatives from museums, galleries, and associations acknowledge that while the immediate economic benefits may not be readily apparent, the long-term impact on the institution's attractiveness and visitor experience and happiness is profound. Moreover, implemented modifications are beneficial to a significantly broader audience, which expands the potential target group and may contribute to employment.
An Investigation on the Relation between Traditional Banking and Peer-to-Peer Lending from a Management Perspective
Authors: KUMARI Sarasanabelli Prasanna , MOHANTY Madhusmita
Published: June 2024

This research explores how P2P lending in India has impacted traditional banking. The leading influence of traditional banks has been threatened by P2P lending, a disruptive phenomenon of the lending business. In P2P financing, lenders and borrowers are linked directly together, with no need for institutions to stand as intermediaries. This method has numerous advantages, among them lower operating costs, fast approval of loans and increased access to banking services for the underprivileged. Our research was aimed at India's potential for peer-to-peer lending to disrupt existing banks or form a new market. This research not only introduces problems encountered by banks in consumer finance management, it also recognizes that these problems cannot be fully blamed on P2P lending technologies in any event. The results contribute to ongoing concerns over the dynamic interactions between traditional banking and peer-to-peer lending in emerging nations. The findings suggest a need for further research to determine the long-term impacts of these interactions on financial stability. This is crucial for policymakers and financial institutions to make informed decisions.
The Role of Blockchain Technologies in Changing the Structure of the Financial and Credit System
Authors: BIRIUK Dmytro , YATSENKO Oleksandr , KREKOTEN Iryna , ROSSIKHINA Halyna , CHYCHKALO-KONDRATSKA Iryna
Published: June 2024

Purpose of the article is to determine the correlation and influence between the indicators of the development of blockchain-based technologies and the indicators of financial inclusion in countries with different levels of development. The research employed statistical methods, descriptive method, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. The constant transformation of the financial and credit system in the conditions of the rapid development of technologies requires finding ways to adapt to changes. Assessing the impact of blockchain on the development of the financial and credit system allows you to prepare for such changes and use them to your advantage. As a result of the conducted research, it was determined that by 2027 the blockchain market will grow 166 times (compared to 2017). The conducted analysis made it possible to establish that the main advantage of blockchain is to increase financial inclusion to improve access to at least basic financial services for users. It has been confirmed that the lower the level of financial inclusion in the country, the greater the share of the population turns to alternative options for access to credit funds using blockchain-based cryptocurrencies. In particular, it was found that more than 19% of the variation in the indicator of the share of cryptocurrency owners can be explained by the change in the percentage of the population without access to banking services. It was confirmed that the lower the level of financial inclusion in the country, the greater the share of the population turns to alternative options for access to credit funds using blockchain-based cryptocurrencies. It was also found that more than 19% of the variation in the indicator of the share of cryptocurrency owners can be explained by the change in the percentage of the unbanked population. What is new in the research is the formation of its own approach to assessing the impact of blockchain technology on financial inclusion in countries with different levels of development.
Evaluating the Impact of Borrower Characteristics, Loan Specific Parameters, and Property Conditions on Mortgage Default Risk
Authors: ANTAR Ali Mahmoud
Published: June 2024

This study empirically examines the impact of borrower, loan, and mortgage parameters on default risk in residential mortgage loans. Using 6743 individual housing loan accounts data from Housing Finance Institutions in Lebanon, we develop a comprehensive model using the multivariable binary logistic regression, best subset logistic regression, and stepwise regression analysis procedures to investigate the impact of 21 predictors and 29 sub-predictor parameters on log odds of default risk. In addition, the study conducted a model diagnosis using the Hosmer - Lemeshow Goodness of fit test, Likelihood Ratio Test, Model accuracy- Classification Table, Statistically Significant Test- ROC curve, and Pregibon Delta Beta Statistics. The study aims to assist financial institutions in managing and assessing the default risk more effectively and develop effective strategies to mitigate this risk. The empirical results suggest that the estimated probability of defaulting on a housing loan is approximately 3.8% when all predicted variables are set at their lowest value. In addition, marital status and the existence of dependence have a positive impact on default risk. The higher the number of dependents is, the higher the risk of default. Moreover, a widowed borrower has a higher log odd of default compared to single, married, and divorced borrowers. Furthermore, the results revealed that self-employed borrowers positively impact the risk of default due to the absence of a steady flow of income. In addition, there is an inverse relationship between the market price-to loan ratio and the log odds of default since the borrower’s equity will increase when the house price increases. However, log odds of default will increase when the loan value is higher than the mortgage market price. Moreover, the result shows that the nature of the borrower’s occupation has a positive relationship with log odds of default where borrowers working in real estate and construction sectors have lower default rates than borrowers working in other industries. In addition, a high interest rate increases the loan's monthly payment and therefore increases the probability of default. Furthermore, the loans granted for purchase and renovation purposes have a lower risk of default than the ones given for construction and under-construction. In addition, the model's overall accuracy was demonstrated by a 91.61 percent visible correct classification rate.
Analysis Interaction of Immunoglobulin G and Immunoglobulin A Against PstS1 as a Basis Specimen Selection for M. tuberculosis Rapid Test Diagnostic Agent
Authors: Rahmadani Nabila - , Raras Tri Yudani Mardining , Arthamin Maimun Zulhaidah
Published: June 2024

Background: The recombinant Ag38 protein developed from a local strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has great potential to be used as a sero-diagnosis agent using the antigen rapid test because it has several epitopes that bind to antibodies. However, it is not yet known which antibody Ag38-recombinant binds maximally between IgA and IgG.Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the interaction between IgG and IgA on Ag-38 rec in silico as a basis for the selection of sero-diagnosis agents in the TB rapid test.Methods: The results show that the protein PstS1 has a higher binding sensitivity to IgG based on one of the docking models which shows a docking score of -229.70, a confident score of 0.8312 and RMSD 1.060 A. The ramachandran plot also shows that testing on this model has a protein structure that is good, with disallowed regions [X,X] values of 0.5% (less than 0.8%). The results of this analysis show that the most favored regions are 90.5% with a G-factor of -0.27. The quality of the structure of the 3D mooring model can be said to be good because it fulfills the ideal structure requirements.Conclusion: Ag38-rec antigen M. tuberculosis H37Rv binds to IgG more strongly than IgA.
Policy Incoherence and Reactive Approaches: Barriers to Effective Management of Land Subsidence in Semarang City, Indonesia
Authors: Huda Mohammad Nurul , Nirmala Renata Jati , Yusuf Irfan Murtadho
Published: June 2024

Urbanization drives population growth and development in the coastal area of Semarang City, Indonesia, which in turn increases water consumption demand. To meet these demands, massive exploitation of groundwater has become a common practice. Consequently, groundwater reserves are depleting, causing damage to soil composition, particularly in the alluvial land characteristic of the area. These factors contribute to loads that exceed the land's carrying capacity, leading to extreme subsidence rates in Semarang's coastal areas. This research analyzes the obstacles faced by central and regional governments in implementing public policies to mitigate sustainable land subsidence. A qualitative approach with descriptive methods was employed, with a rigid selection of existing literature, journal articles, official documents, and news related to the research topic. The study utilizes a public policy perspective to map and analyze existing literature. The results indicate that handling land subsidence is hindered by several factors: policy incoherency, reactive policy nature, miscoordination among stakeholders, and overlapping public policies. Consequently, policy implementation in Semarang City has not yielded significant results in addressing subsidence. The study highlights the need for central and regional governments to involve business actors in formulating strategies to manage land subsidence effectively. This research contributes to expanding theoretical and practical knowledge on the implementation of land subsidence management policies by local governments in Indonesia's sustainable environmental sector.
When to switch captions off? Exploring the effects of L2 proficiency and vocabulary knowledge on comprehension of captioned and uncaptioned TV
Authors: Pujadas Geòrgia , Muñoz Carmen
Published: June 2024

The extent to which L2 television is viewed by foreign language learners will depend on the degree to which it is understood. The addition of captions has been shown to support comprehension (e.g., Birulés-Muntané & Soto-Faraco, 2016; Montero-Perez, Peters, & Desmet, 2014), especially when proficiency is low (e.g., Lavaur & Bairstow, 2011). Yet, little is known about the extent to which captions benefit comprehension as L2 proficiency increases. This study seeks to investigate the effect of captions at different proficiency levels, and to identify the level at which captions cease to enhance comprehension. A total of 250 Catalan/Spanish university students, who had L2 English proficiency ranging from A1 to C2, viewed nine episodes of an English TV series with and without captions. Results showed that captioned viewing had a significant advantage over uncaptioned viewing in comprehension tests with multiple-choice and true-false items, and that learners with higher L2 proficiency and larger vocabulary performed better. While having access to captions increased the odds of a correct response independently of learners’ L2 proficiency and vocabulary knowledge, the additive benefits of captions were no longer significant at the C2 level, suggesting a threshold beyond which uncaptioned viewing does not negatively impact comprehension. Pedagogical implications are discussed.
Ten-year anemia as initial manifestation of Castleman disease in the abdominal cavity: A case report
Authors: Xiao Pingping , Wang Qingqing , Dong Zhigao , Su Junnan , Chen Yongquan , Fan Wei
Published: June 2024

Castleman disease (CD) is a relatively rare lymphoproliferative disorder. Lesions predominantly originate on the chest and neck and rarely occur on the abdomen. A 34-year-old female presented to our hospital with an unexplained 10-year history of anemia. A pathological diagnosis of plasma cell-type CD was established. One cycle of chemotherapy (thalidomide, cyclophosphamide, and prednisolone) improved her anemia significantly. Prompt etiological diagnosis and early intervention are essential to address systemic manifestations in patients with CD, and it is crucial to consider CD as a differential diagnosis when intra-abdominal masses are detected.
Evaluating salt tolerance in fodder crops: A field experiment in the dry land
Authors: Azeem Ahmad , Wenxuan Mai , Ali Rajib , Abbas Adeel , Hussain Nimra , Kazmi Ali Haider , Butt Umair Aslam
Published: June 2024

Freshwater scarcity and a shortage of agricultural land constitute the primary limiting factors affecting crop production in numerous arid and semi-arid regions across the globe. This study involves the introduction of three sorghum cultivars (Kaoliang, Sudan grass, and Sweet grass) from China into the dry land of Pakistan, with irrigation using different water qualities (fresh water and saline water) during the rainy season. Parameters including plant height, stem diameter, leaves per plant, number of tillers per plant, specific leaf area, aboveground biomass, below ground biomass, and yield per acre were measured. All plant species exhibited a reduction of 30–40% in their physiological functions, growth parameters, and yield under saline water irrigation compared to freshwater irrigation. Sweet grass and Sudan grass demonstrated higher yields under saline water irrigation compared to Kaoliang, although the overall yields of all three cultivars remained within an acceptable range, while using saline water irrigation. It was concluded that these three introduced sorghum cultivars are well-suited for cultivation in the arid region during the rainy season, particularly when irrigated with saline water. This study offers an eco-friendly approach to utilizing dry land resources for agricultural production, thereby assisting local communities in sustaining their livelihoods.
Transformative applications of “click” chemistry in the development of MOF architectures − a mini review
Authors: Chaouiki Abdelkarim , Fatimah Siti , Ahchouch Hamid , Bakhouch Mohamed , Chafiq Maryam , Ryu Jungho , Ko Young Gun
Published: June 2024

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) represent a fusion of compelling porous structures, alluring physical and chemical attributes, and extensive possibilities for application. The inherent capability of employing these organic constituents has paved the path for the construction of MOFs, permitting imaginative pre-design and post-synthetic adjustments through apt reactions. This adaptability not only enriches the structural variety of MOFs but also uncovers pathways for customizing their characteristics to align with precise application needs. In this context, click chemistry has emerged as a potent and resilient tool in the creation and modification of diverse functional materials, with a promising application in MOF structures. These MOF architectures undergo postsynthetic modifications through the application of “click” chemistry. This approach, characterized by its efficiency and selectivity, proves instrumental in tailoring and enhancing the properties of MOFs, thereby expanding their utility across a spectrum of scientific and industrial applications. Herein, we illuminate recent MOF structures achieved through the postsynthetic application of “click” chemistry. Our exploration delves into the forefront of strategies propelling the postsynthetic modification process, with a dedicated focus on the structural complexities, synthesis methodologies, and the prospective applications of these modified MOF architectures. Our intention is to actively contribute to the continuous discourse on applications of click chemistry in the development of MOF architectures, encouraging scientists to dedicate their expertise and efforts towards the advancement of these multifunctional materials.
Utilizing cell population data for diagnosis and intensive care unit requirement prediction in Fournier gangrene patients
Authors: Saygın Hüseyin , Bolat Serkan , Asdemir Aydemir , Öztürk Abuzer , Ergin İsmail E. , Doğan Halef O. , Korgalı Esat
Published: June 2024

Objectives

It is vital to rapid diagnosis and to determine the intensive care unit (ICU) requirement early to reduce the mortality rate in Fournier gangrene (FG) patients. Cell population data (CPD) are the parameters obtained from complete blood count (CBC) analysis and related to the activation of different leukocyte subgroups. The study aimed to find reliable markers to diagnose and determine the ICU requirement using CPD.

Methods

We included 24 patients and 22 healthy controls in the study. CBC analyses were performed by using a Sysmex XN-9000 series hematology analyzer. ROC analyses and group comparisons were performed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and prognostic value of CPD parameters in ICU requirements.

Results

Statistically significant differences were observed in terms of some CPD values of lymphocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes in patients compared to healthy controls. Neutrophile-Y or reactivity index (Ne-Y or RI) (p=0.004), neutrophile-X or granularity index (Ne-X or GI) (p=0.009), monocyte-X (Mo-X) (p<0.001), and lymphocyte-WY (Ly-WY) (p<0.001) were higher in patients than controls. Ne-Y (RI) (p=0.012), Mo-X (p=0.001), Mo-Y (p=0.022), and Ne-WY (p=0.025) levels were higher in ICU patients than in non-ICU patients.

Conclusions

The severity of FG disease can be determined using CPD data. Ne-Y (RI) serves as a novel and reliable biomarker for determining disease severity. In addition, the neutrophile-lymphocyte ratio can be used to rule out FG, especially in combination with other well-known clinical and diagnostic parameters.
Antioxidant and antibacterial effects of a new macrocyclic bis(bibenzyl) ether from Combretum molle (Combretaceae)
Authors: Yakai Fawai , Dawe Amadou , Manshuk Ibrayeva , Taira Vincent , Wangso Albert , Fanta Angele , Doudja Chantal , Loura Benoit
Published: June 2024

A new compound, combrebisbibenzyl (1) as well as two sterols including stigmasterol (2) and 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside of β-sitosterol (3) and seven triterpenoids namely mollic acid (4), oleanolic acid (5), ursolic acid (6), arjunglucoside I (7), arjungenin (8), bellericagenin B (9) and combregenin (10) were isolated from the root of Combretum molle. Compounds 1, 7 and 9, AcOEt and MeOH extracts exhibited moderate antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 179.32, 185.21, 195.11 197.41 and 170.21 μg/mL, respectively, for reactive oxygen species inhibition and, inhibition percent value of 57.23, 64.52, 53.55, 67.42 and 65.04, respectively, for DPPH free-radical scavenging. The E. MeOH presented a moderate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with DIZs value of 10.1 ± 0.2 from 800 μg/mL while the others tested strains were not sensitive. However, most of the tested bacteria, (S. aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium) were moderately sensitive to E. AcOEt from 800 μg/mL with DIZs value of 8.2 ± 0.1. From the E. AcOEt, five of the isolated compounds were tested against four bacteria strains using the disc-dilusion method. The results showed that compound 1 and 2 exhibited very good antibacterial activity against all the tested bacteria at the concentration of 30 μg/mL with respective DIZ value of 22.2 and 25.4 for E. coli, 20.2 and 30.2 for S. typhimurium, 22.3 and 23.1 for S. aureus and, 22.1 and 24.1 for Streptococcus faecalis. This antibacterial activity significantly depends on the concentration.
The Non-Sensitivity of Public Development Banks to Key Stability Performance of the Banking Sector: The Lessons for Policymakers
Authors: Ercegovac Roberto , Klinac Ivica , Pečarić Mario
Published: June 2024

Public development banks are mission-oriented financial institutions whose purpose is to finance investments on behalf of the policymakers. After the last global financial crisis and the changes in the regulatory framework, the lending activities of commercial banks have declined, and their business models have shown a strong pro-cyclical character. On the other hand, public development banks are gaining considerable importance in maintaining the supply of credit in the event of disruptions in the financial system. Because the activity of public development banks is policy-driven, their credit supply is not affected by the GDP rate movement. The paper not only links the credit activity of public development banks with the indicator of financial stability of commercial banking before and after the establishment of the new banking regulatory framework but also examines the quality of the loan portfolio of public development banks and the movement of the ratio of non-performing loans of the commercial banking sector. The empirical analysis was conducted on a panel sample of EU27 countries using the publicly available database of the World Bank and the Bloomberg database for the 10 largest public development banks in the European Union in the period from 2005 to 2021. A research model with dynamic panels and a systematic one-step GMM estimator was employed. The results of the research confirmed and supported the basic research hypothesis that lending by public development banks is negatively related to the stability of the banking system, which indicates the contribution of public development banks in providing access to finance during the banking system crisis. Furthermore, research results showed that public lending by development banks is not related to GDP growth. The results of the research also confirmed an additional research hypothesis that the quality of lending by public development banks is significantly inversely proportional to the share of non-performing loans in the banking system as a whole. Accordingly, it is associated with a stable business model during economic cycles, solid credit standards, disclosure obligations, and public interest monitoring to avoid adverse shocks. Finally, the research result has confirmed the positive role of European public development banks in case of an increase in the probability of banking system distress due to efficient risk management and credit standards. Its conclusion is that the policymakers need to continue to promote the importance of public development banks in contributing to policy objectives and extending financial inclusion, both during the periods of financial stability and in the periods of indications of financial uncertainties and crises.
Desafíos del Derecho Penal Internacional: Perspectivas de Género y Justicia Global. Reseña del libro: Gender and International Criminal Law de Indira Rosenthal et al. (2022)
Authors: Madrigal-Vargas Valeria
Published: June 2024

The International Criminal Law (IPL) has become a significant tool in the international system, not only to contribute to the maintenance of order, but also as a means of assigning responsibilities to States that violate international norms. As a branch of law, it is grounded in a long-standing and evolving transcendence that seeks to adapt to global realities. More recently, the relevance of the gender perspective within IPR and how it can be perspective within IPR and how it can bring about a radical change in the way in which in the way in which States have perceived IPR up to the present time. Along the same lines, the book Gender and International Criminal Law, edited by Indira Rosenthal edited by Indira Rosenthal, Valerie Oosterveld and Susana SáCouto (2022) comes to question the established dynamics within the question the dynamics established within International Criminal Law, which, according to the authors that, according to the authors, exclude and violate populations during the implementation of legal frameworks. implementation of legal frameworks.
LEONID M. LYTVYNENKO, AN OUTSTANDING SCIENTIST AND RESEARCH MANAGER
Authors:   Institute of Radio Astronomy National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zakharenko V. , Kostenko O. ,   Institute of Radio Astronomy, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,   O.Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics NAS of Ukraine, Konovalenko O. ,   Institute of Radio Astronomy, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Vavriv D. ,   Institute of Radio Astronomy, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Prosvirnin S. ,   Institute of Radio Astronomy, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Yampolski Y. ,   Institute of Radio Astronomy, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: June 2024

This paper is an attempt of paying tribute to the memory of Leonid Mykolayovych Lytvynenko (LML), an outstanding Ukrainian scientist, Full Member of the National Academy of Sciences who worked most fruitfully in the fields of radio science and radio astronomy. Starting of 1985, Dr. Lytvynenko was, over a 30-plus years period, at the head of the Institute of Radio Astronomy, Acad. Sci. of the Ukrainian SSR (currently the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine) that had been established owing to his vigorous and direct participation in the process. In 1996 LML promoted foundation of a new scientific journal, namely the "Radio Physics and Radio Astronomy", which he devotedly served for, in the Editor-in-Chief capacity, during the 25 years that followed. Dr. L. Lytvynenko was one of the brightest representatives of the school of theoretical radio physics that had developed within the O. Usikov Institute for Radio Physics and Electronics in Kharkiv and further flourished within the Institute of Radio Astronomy. He is known as the founder of a new branch of radio science, specifically theory of electromagnetic wave diffraction and propagation through composite and multilayered periodic structures.
Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curves: The Basics and Beyond
Authors: Chang Pearl W. , Newman Thomas B.
Published: June 2024

Diagnostic tests and clinical prediction rules are frequently used to help estimate the probability of a disease or outcome. How well a test or rule distinguishes between disease or no disease (discrimination) can be measured by plotting a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calculating the area under it (AUROC). In this paper, we review the features of ROC curves and interpretation of ROC curves and AUROC values. We highlight 5 underappreciated features of ROC curves: (1) the slope of the ROC curve over a test result interval is the likelihood ratio for that interval; (2) the optimal cutoff for calling a test positive depends not only on the shape of the ROC curve, but also on the pretest probability of disease and relative harms of false-positive and false-negative results; (3) the AUROC measures discrimination only, not the accuracy of the predicted probabilities; (4) the AUROC is not a good measure of discrimination if the slope of the ROC curve is not consistently decreasing; and (5) the AUROC can be increased by including a large number of people correctly identified as being at very low risk for the outcome of interest. We illustrate this last concept using 3 published studies.
THE REVIEW ON THE MONOGRAPH:

Zitelmann R. Capitalism is Not a Problem,

It is Solution. The Journey through the Modern History of the Five Continents / R. Zitelmann. Moscow, 2023, 301 p.
Authors: Somkin Aleksandr A.
Published: June 2024

The West European scientific and public community very warmly welcomed the appearance of the monograph by the famous modern German historian and sociologist R. Zitelmann “Capitalism is Not a Problem, It is Solution. The Journey through the Modern History of the Five Continents” (2023). The work has received rave reviews from such prominent members of the business elite as Steve Forbes and John Mackey. Characterizing the work as a whole, it can be said that it is to some extent an apologetic celebration of modern capitalism. Experiencing periods of acute crisis as an integral part of its development, capitalism needs to explain its failures and determine its prospects. This is exactly what the author is trying to do in his work.
Supramolecular hydrogels for sustained extracellular vesicle delivery
Authors: Patel Neil , Avery Elijah , Chung Eun Ji
Published: June 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been explored as promising drug delivery platforms and cell-free therapies for a range of diseases. Despite their therapeutic potential, challenges persist in achieving sustained EV delivery. Here, we integrate EVs into a supramolecular and injectable hydrogel-based drug delivery system based on dodecyl- or octadecyl-modified hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC-C12 or -C18) that form non-covalent crosslinks with liposomes. Hydrogel mechanics and EV-release kinetics were tunable by varying liposome concentrations. Using mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs (MSC-EVs), we confirm effective, hydrogel-mediated sustained EV delivery and uptake and a ~ 20% greater anti-inflammatory response in pathogenic vascular smooth muscle cells than bolus EV-only treatment.

Graphical abstract
Operation Mulberry
Authors: David Elizabeth
Published: June 2024

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The French Connection
Authors: Wilson C Anne
Published: June 2024

C. Anne Wilson, author of the well-known Food and Drink in Britain (Constable, 1973), works at the Brotherton Library of the University of Leeds, which has a particularly fine collection of early cookery books. She has been doing research into the French influence on English cookery from the fourteenth century onwards. This first part of her article takes us up to the end of the sixteenth century. We look forward to publishing before long the second part, which will cover the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in England, and perhaps something on the sixteenth century Scottish connection.
The Use of Copper in Cooking
Authors: Davidson Alan
Published: June 2024

Alan Davidson, who has written several books on seafood cookery, including Mediterranean Seafood (Penguin, 1972) and North Atlantic Seafood (to be published by Macmillans in September 1979) is at present writing Science in the Kitchen.
Spoon Feeding
Authors: Stone Myrna , Stone Lionel
Published: June 2024

This is our first contribution from Australia. The authors take an interest in many subjects related to food, including table ware and eating habits, and traditions connected therewith.  This short contribution concerns spoons in English culture.
No Fellow
Authors: David Elizabeth
Published: June 2024

Elizabeth David on the use of hay in cooking in medieval England.
Concerning Coriander
Authors: David Elizabeth
Published: June 2024

The author provides some historical notes concerning the use of Coriander (Cilantro) in 16th-century recipes.
An Eighteenth Century Kitchen Garden at Christmas
Authors: David Elizabeth
Published: June 2024

A short report on the 1780 book by Samuel Cooke, gardener at Overton in Wiltshire.
The Bakers Strike Again
Authors: David Elizabeth
Published: June 2024

A report on a 16th-century bakers strike in Coventry
Ice Cream and Water Ices in 17th and 18th Century England
Authors: Stallings W S
Published: June 2024

An article examining ice cream and water ices in 17th and 18th Century England.
Paschal Pizza from the Abruzzi
Authors: Masson Georgina
Published: June 2024

Georgina Masson's eclectic collection of recipes, of which one for Easter is presented here, is the result of a wandering life spent mostly in Oriental, African and Mediterranean countries. She tells us that the Emperor Frederick II of Hohenstaufen (whose biography she wrote recently) and the Borgia Pope Alexander VI (about whom she is now writing) had one taste in common - each ate only one meal a day. She knows what the Emperor favoured (scapece), but is still looking for Borgia recipes of a wholesome kind, having so far found only some excellent contemporary recipes for poisons, which are hardly suitable for this journal.
Blood is Food
Authors: Siesby Birgit
Published: June 2024

The author looks at the subject of blood as food, noting its nutritional value and historical role in diet.
In Pescod Time...I Went to Gather Strawberries
Authors: David Elizabeth
Published: June 2024

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The Evolution of Bakewell Tart
Authors: Buxton Moira
Published: June 2024

Moira Buxton is spending a year in Washington D.C. where she has just completed a book on medieval cookery, using as source for the recipes one of the extant manuscripts, Harleian Ms. 279 in the British Museum. Her researches in this field have enabled her to trace the history of Bakewell Tart back to the 15th century; and her own family tradition enables her to give a particularly good more recent recipe for it.
The Travels of Dolmades
Authors: Siesby Birgit
Published: June 2024

Birgit Siesby, a Danish nutritionist and author of several cookery books, urged us in PPC 4 to pay more attention to the value of animal  blood. Here she turns to a historical theme.
Mafalda, Giovanna, Giulia
Authors: David Elizabeth
Published: June 2024

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Botanists at the Dinner Table
Authors: Jackson Ian
Published: June 2024

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Fiction increases trust in Democracy: Indirect effect of security institutions effectiveness’ audiovisual representation in their perceived performance through just-world belief
Authors: González-González Williams-Antonio , Igartua Juan-José
Published: June 2024

This study focuses on the impact of audiovisual fiction on trust in institutions, drawing on cultivation theory and narrative persuasion research. We test the effects of audiovisual representation of security institutions’ effectiveness in fighting crime on perceived performance of security institutions, trust in democracy, political interest, and political optimism, mediated by just-world beliefs and narrative transportation. 130 students from Universidad de Salamanca (Spain) and Escuela Superior de Economía y Negocios (El Salvador) participated in the online experiment and were randomly assigned to two experimental conditions and exposed to one of two sequences from the series La Casa de Papel that differed in the degree of effectiveness (high versus low) with which security institutions acted to solve a criminal event. The results of the proposed parallel mediation model showed that there is a significant and positive indirect effect of this representation on trust in democracy only through the just-world belief. The main contribution of our study is the confirmation that cultivation and narrative persuasion work together to explain how audiovisual fiction shapes attitudes toward public institutions in two different countries. Finally, we found that further research is needed to test alternative models that include other variables to establish and better understand this psychological process.
The communication of public aid in the European Union: the case of Next Generation European funds
Authors: Vilaplana-Aparicio Maria-J. , Martín-Llaguno Marta , Bonet-Pizarro Natalia
Published: June 2024

In order to publicize the Next Generation funds (which will provide €806.9 billion in 2020 prices), each EU member state has had to create a portal that brings together all the information related to this instrument in accordance with the reference regulations. This study analyses the quality of the websites of the countries with the most resources: Spain, Italy, France, Germany, Poland, Greece, Romania, Portugal, Hungary, and the Czech Republic. Based on a validated protocol, the technical aspects, accessibility and search engine, structure and content, as well as the support of the help desks are reviewed. The results reveal that the best performing portals are Spain, France, Germany, and Italy; and that many portals suffer from incomplete, asymmetric and inaccessible information. Moreover, there is no complete correspondence between the countries that receive the most funds and those that are communicating the best.
Overview of science communication (2017-2022): A thematic and bibliographic analysis
Authors: Parejo-Cuéllar Macarena , Flores-Jaramillo Samanta , Carcaboso-García Eduardo
Published: June 2024

This article presents the results of an integrative of the literature review on science communication. The objective is to know the panorama of R+D+i in science communication during 6 years; for this purpose, the existing literature on scientific communication is analysed in the databases Web of Science (WoS), Scopus and Dialnet, and define the formal dimensions (time frame, categories, fields of knowledge and lines of research) that have shaped the approaches within relevant articles included in the review. This analysis covers the period 2017-2022 and aims to serve as a reference to study the importance of research in scientific communication in different fields of knowledge, as well as to highlight the need for professional scientific communication in the educational, social, cultural, and social fields and professional domains. To do this, a search has been carried out through three databases, WOS (Web of Science), Scopus, and Dialnet by using a series of search criteria related to science communication. From these searches, the pertinent documents have been selected through reading the abstract and the author’s keywords, to assess later and determine which category created ad hoc based on research on science communication (educational, social, cultural, and professional domains) belongs to each document and find out which journal has published the most on the object of study during the 2017-2022 period. In a conclusion, the interest is limited to the branches of social sciences in areas such as communication, journalism and information and documentation sciences.
Adult Day Services Center Participant Characteristics: United States, 2022
Authors: Lendon Jessica , Singh Priyanka , Lu Zhaohui
Published: June 2024

This report provides health data from the National Center for Health Statistics.
Europe's Green Deal: Is the Middle Class Left Behind?
Authors: LaBelle Michael , Szép Tekla
Published: June 2024

Objective: In this paper, we fundamentally question the Fit for 55 starting assumption that reducing household energy consumption is beneficial or even neutral (i.e. not detrimental) for households in all Member States in the short period up to 2030. This article identifies the plight of households unable to improve their well-being without increasing the consumption of fossil fuels. Tackling energy poverty and addressing social inequality issues is a cornerstone. Around 35 million people live in energy poverty in the European Union (European Commission, 2023), and tens of millions more are at high risk of energy poverty. However, ensuring the well-being of EU citizens requires a broader awareness of the implications of reducing fossil fuel use.
Research Design and Methods: The research methodology relies on a range of quantitative methods: Gini coefficient, Hoover index, Decomposition adjusted Hoover index, rank correlation coefficient, path analysis, and decoupling factors are presented. We also analyze from different perspectives highlighting inequalities and the direct and indirect relationship between residential energy use and HDI and decoupling.
Findings: Based on projected policy impacts, consumers will need to pay more for using fossil fuels. Higher energy taxes will likely impact middle-class families who are not the EU’s Climate Fund targets. Based on our previous projections, at least the bottom two-thirds of the middle class (which roughly represents the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quintiles) also need support. There is a risk that in countries where HDI and per capita household energy use are still tightly connected, the growth in household energy use (driven mainly by higher incomes and increasing human welfare) will be strongly constrained by higher energy costs. In the EU energy convergence will slow down, or even stop, so that the current spatial disparities in HDI and in residential energy use will persist.
Implications: Decreasing the differences in HDI and residential energy use is necessary to achieve social and economic convergence and reduce the inequalities in living standards across the EU Member States. Changes in household energy use in the EU have both direct and indirect impacts on HDI; any increase or decrease in energy use will be immediately reflected in human well-being.
Contribution/Value Added: This article highlighted those countries most exposed to a reduction in well-being. Member States below the saturation point are at a much higher risk of negative impacts of residential energy use on human development. Tackling energy poverty is a very important issue, but in this case, at least the bottom two-thirds of the middle class (which roughly represents the 2nd, 3rd, 4th quintiles) also need support. This could include preferential loans, grants, and technical assistance to enable them to make the necessary energy efficiency improvements and deep renovations that will bring real energy savings.
Interdisciplinaridade entre as ciências históricas
Authors: Costa Vítor , Reghin Santiago
Published: June 2024

Este trabalho consiste em um duplo esforço analítico: definicional, por um lado, quanto à unidade do campo das ciências históricas; e propositivo, por outro, buscando demonstrar vantagens epistêmicas para a historiografiaquando dimensiona seus objetos no tempo histórico profundo e faz pesquisa interdisciplinar em ciências históricas (Historiografia, Paleontologia e Geologia, entre outras) para o fornecimento de descrições mais detalhadas e novas hipóteses para explicações históricas. Tal análise está disposta em três partes: (1) a definição de ciências históricas; (2) a definição de Tempo Histórico Profundo e sua recepção nessas ciências; e (3) o estudo de três situações naHistoriografia em que é relevante a interdisciplinaridade de outras ciências históricas ou ao menos a exploração de fenômenos no passado profundo.