bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVING THE ACCOUNTING AND CONTROL OF TRANSACTIONAL COSTS IN MAKING MANAGEMENT DECISIONS TO INCREASE THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE ENTERPRISE
Authors:   National Technical University «Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute», Yakimenko-Tereschenko Natalia , Iershova Natalia ,   National Technical University «Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute», Milova Karina ,   National Technical University «Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute»
Published: May 2022

Recently, we have seen an explosion in the amount of information available to firms. Тransaction costs affect a company's ability to be competitive. There were many discussions about the need to take care of the reflection in the accounting system of information about transaction costs, about the access of managers to understand the effectiveness of transactions. Many accounting models in use today make simplifying assumptions about transaction costs, which can lead to skewed information in decision-making by firm managers and executives. This study highlights the importance of recording transaction costs in accounting for understanding the feasibility of transactions and minimizing them. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the theoretical provisions and develop practical recommendations for improving accounting and control of transaction costs in the management system of enterprise competitiveness. The design of the study provides for the analysis of statistical data on the dynamics of the transactional and transformational sectors of the economy of Ukraine, the systematization of scientists' approaches to the reflection of transaction costs in accounting. Our attention is focused on the mechanism of occurrence of transaction costs as a result of the transaction and their reflection in the document flow of the enterprise. In addition, we show that the boundaries of transactions cover not only the market, partners, but also the internal environment of the company. Transactions give rise to transaction costs, which should be reflected in the company's accounting system. It is recommended to pay attention to the internal reporting system in the company. In this information, we propose to highlight the most significant information for further elaboration, the receipt of which will serve as a stage in collecting data on transaction costs. The information systematized in management reports will help increase the analytics of data on the company's transaction costs when making decisions to improve competitiveness. Our study provides a sound explanation of the importance of cost control to ensure financial discipline, order in the document flow.
PROJECT MANAGEMENT OF INNOVATION-ORIENTED ORGANISATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF FINANCIAL RISKS INSURANCE, DECENTRALISATION POLICIES AND THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF A REGION
Authors:   National Aviation University, Antypenko Nadiia , Lozhachevska Olena ,   National Transport University, Velychko Oleksandr ,   Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University, Melnyk Olga ,   National Transport University
Published: May 2022

Introduction. Differences in understanding the main sources of effect and benefits that accompany the project management processes of innovation-oriented organizations do not allow to form a single methodological approach to their assessment, which in terms of financial risk insurance, decentralization policy and sustainable development of the region needs further study. Methods. The historical-logical method is used in the article; method of systematization, classification and theoretical generalization; method of institutional analysis; method of system analysis; method of logical analysis and synthesis; method of graphical analysis. Results. The concepts, classification, attributes and functions of project of innovation-oriented organizations in the conditions of financial risks insurance, decentralization policy and the sustainable development of a region have been considered. The definition of project management by different approaches is presented. The disadvantages of classical project management method are pointed out. In particular, this approach is focused on the projects with strict constraints in the sequence of tasks. The author concludes that project management in innovation-oriented organizations under conditions of financial risks insurance, decentralization policy and the sustainable development of a region in commercial and non-commercial sectors has some differences, and they were analysed. The characteristic of modern methods of project management is presented: Scrum, Agile, Lean, Kanban, six Sigmas, and PRINCE2. Their essence, advantages and disadvantages, features of implementation and usage are given. Discussion. The summarized that there is no universal methodology for project management of innovation-oriented organizations, they need to be combined and changed according to the requirements of the organization, team, customer and project. The stages of project activities of non-profit organisations are analysed. The differences between project management in the commercial and non-commercial sectors are identified. The principles of sustainability in project management of innovation-oriented organizations are presented. The critical need to ensure sustainability of projects at all levels and in any environment in the context of financial risks insurance, decentralisation policy and the sustainable development of a region has been substantiated.
FACTORS OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND THEIR STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT
Authors:   State University «Uzhhorod National University», Kish Galyna
Published: May 2022

The article is devoted to the problems of strategic management of regional development factors. Modern strategic management is the impetus for the formation and implementation of the region's development strategy based on continuous monitoring and analysis of environmental changes used to support the region and ensure its support at the state level. That is why regional development should be an economic rather than a political or administrative category. The process of developing a regional development strategy usually begins with the preparatory stage, during which the analysis of factors influencing the development of the region. In particular, the classification of factors of regional development by direction of action is investigated in the article. First of all, the external factors that are general state factors are considered, among them: political and legal, socio-economic, technological, natural and others. The second group of factors considers a number of internal factors, or so-called growth factors. Their list includes: economic potential, social conditions, technological development, innovation and investment, labor, tourism potential, natural resource potential, also international economic relations and others. The basis of strategic management is a set of strategies: social, economic, environmental, etc. This variety of strategies is a modification of several basic strategies, each of which is effective only in a particular situation. That is why it is important to consider the reasons for choosing individual options. The strategy of regional development of the state is heterogeneous by regions. This is due to significant differences in the territories in terms of resources, economic structure, level of development of various sectors of the economy, economic growth rates and so on. That is why this strategy forms, on the one hand, the main goals and objectives of state development for a certain period of time, and on the other – is the basis for developing a number of balanced strategies for economic development of individual regions. The article identifies the importance of analyzing both internal and external factors in developing a regional development strategy.
STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP AS A PREREQUISITE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS BETWEEN STATES
Authors:   Lviv University of Trade and Economics, Yaremko Larysa , Yaremkiv Vasyl ,   Lviv University of Trade and Economics
Published: May 2022

The article presents an investigation of the strategic partnership phenomenon as an instrument of foreign policy and international relations і and an important part of bilateral and multilateral relations between states. The history of the origin of the term, origins and principles of formation of this form of international legal cooperation is considered. The author’s approach includes the explication of the criteria and functions of strategic partnerships in international relations and certain factors that should be taken into account when referring to the format of relations as strategic between countries. The history of application of the strategic partnership instrument in the practice of Ukrainian foreign policy is studied: stages, current state, opinions of the expert community and regulatory framework. Much attention is paid to the analysis of world experience in the application of this tool in the practice of modern international relations. Forms of strategic partnership based on practice are considered. Potential approaches to the use of the instrument of strategic partnership in the system of interstate relations of Ukraine are considered. Given the growing importance of this instrument of foreign policy, Ukraine should clearly outline the basic approaches to forming a network of strategic partnership. The adoption of the National Security Strategy (September 2020) and the Foreign Policy Strategy of Ukraine (August 2021) was significant for Ukraine's foreign policy. These documents for the first time at the official level defined the list of strategic partners of Ukraine. The main goal of the strategic partnership is to solve economic problems. After the beginning of the Russian aggression, another sphere of cooperation within the strategic partnership became important – defense and security, which according to domestic experts should become decisive. It is most clearly stipulated in the Ukraine-US Strategic Partnership Charter of November 10, 2021. Emphasis is placed on the fact that strategic partnership relations do not always have only positive consequences. Among the risks: potential conflicts that may be due to changes in strategic interests, cultural differences, non-compliance by participants with the basic principles of partnership along with equality. The conflict between Ukraine and Russia is an illustrative example, which was one of the first to be declared a strategic partner of our country. Thus, finding strategic partners is an ambiguous process. On the one hand, a clear long-term strategy is needed, and on the other hand, the ability to assess and respond to changing circumstances in partner countries and in the international arena.
DEVELOPMENT OF SMART CITIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION
Authors:   O.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv, Pushkar Tetiana , Serogina Daria ,   O.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv, Mykhailova Krystyna ,   O.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv
Published: May 2022

The article considers the development of models of smart cities under the influence of digital transformation and the building of a knowledgeable society. The analysis aims to substantiate the theoretical foundations and scientific-practical approaches to the construction of models of smart cities. The research methods were based on a comprehensive strategy for the formation of smart city techniques. Analysis of a significant amount of existing research has determined a «smart city» as a city that combines competitive attractiveness and sustainable development through the comprehensive use of information and communication technologies and creating an urban digital environment. The obligatory integration of the concept of «smartness» with the model of sustainable integrated development of urban areas and regional entities is becoming a current tendency in the vision of smart cities. Sustainable development conditions of smart cities are confined by regulatory, institutional, social, economic, and environmental factors. The modern notion of a smart city based on integrated sustainable expansion includes technologies and mechanisms for the preface of energy-efficient technologies in cities. An essential part of the construction of a smart city is the development of the digital competencies of city residents. The idea of smart cities transforms human perception in their development because the «smart city» determines the creation of a comfortable environment for human life and improves living standards. Therefore, current trends in the development of smart cities involve the commission of a strategy aimed at creating a comfortable living environment. A smart city should contribute to enhancing living standards through sustainable integrated development, including the availability of contemporary technologies and devices, their dissemination and expansion of digital platforms, development of new ecosystems of digital services, ensuring the building of digital competencies of urban residents.
TAX DIFFERENCES OF AN ENTERPRISE: DOCUMENTATION, ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING
Authors:   National Transport University, Kontseva Valentyna , Hoshovska Valentyna ,   National Transport University, Tkachuk Tetiana ,   National Transport University
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the article is to disclose the procedure for the application of tax differences by enterprises in the calculation of tax liabilities, for income tax, taking into account the electronic documentation of tax calculations. The actual rate of income tax of transport companies in 2015-2020 differs from the base rate of income tax to the adjustment of the pre-tax financial result on differences (tax differences). It is proved that the procedure for applying the differences involves the implementation of four interrelated stages in the calculation of tax liabilities for income tax. The first stage of accrual of income tax liabilities is to determine the annual income of the enterprise for the last reporting year in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 134.1.1. of the Tax Code of Ukraine. The second stage is the comparison of the annual income of the enterprise for the last reporting year with the critical value (UAH 40 million), including electronic documentation of the decision to apply the adjustment or refusal to adjust the financial result before tax on the difference. The third stage is to determine the differences of the enterprise from the list of differences from articles 138–140 of the Tax Code of Ukraine. The fourth stage is the calculation of four indicators (the amount of the difference by which the pre-tax financial result increases, the amount of the difference by which the pre-tax financial result reduced, the amount of the difference between the two previous indicators, income tax). The company makes electronic documentation of differences through the submission of the Tax return for corporate income tax and Annex DI to line 03 of the Tax return for corporate income tax. Submission is carried out through service «Electronic office of the payer» (E-cabinet, State Tax Service of Ukraine).
THE PECULIARITIES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY IN THE WORLD
Authors:   Mariupol State University, Petryk Iryna , Bozhko Polina ,   Mariupol State University, Tolstikova Tamila ,   Mariupol State University
Published: May 2022

The experience of countries with developed economies proves that it is possible to achieve competitive positions only through the introduction of innovations into the main systems of the country's life. So, one of the main innovative technologies of the 4th Industrial Revolution is the blockchain. This technology appeared in 2008 and has become widespread in many countries of the world, including Ukraine. For our country, which has chosen the innovative digital path of development as a strategic goal, it is extremely important to use blockchain technology in various industries and spheres of the economy. Therefore, the theoretical substantiation of blockchain technology, research of its features, as well as the impact on various industries and spheres of the economy is expedient and timely. The article examines the features of the development of blockchain technology in different countries of the world, including Ukraine. The main features of blockchain technology, in particular, transparency, stability, independence, have been investigated. A characteristic was given to them. The main stages of blockchain development have been identified. It has been established that the evolutionary development of blockchain technology has influenced the creation of blockchain projects and smart contracts in many countries. The factors influencing the development of blockchain projects and smart contracts have been identified. The features of the legal regulation of the cryptocurrency market in the world have been investigated. It has been established that each country has its own peculiarities of legal regulation of digital assets. The countries with the best conditions for accepting cryptocurrencies were analyzed according to the regulation index, political, legal and infrastructural environment. Countries have been identified whose environment is conducive to the development of blockchain and which are neutral. The countries of the population of which are leaders in cryptocurrency ownership have been investigated. It has been found that blockchain is used in areas such as tracking cash flows; making payments and providing financial services; identity management; signing contracts and settling disputes; establishing interaction with customers. However, in addition to the listed areas, blockchain technologies can be used in others, in particular, in the mining and metallurgical industry, mechanical engineering, chemical and light industry, agriculture, etc. It has been established that Ukraine has significant potential for the development and implementation of blockchain technology in the main life systems of the country, which will increase its competitiveness, as well as accelerate the transition to an innovative digital economy.
FORMATION OF ELECTRONIC LOGISTIC ROUTES FOR THE DELIVERY OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS FROM PRODUCER TO CONSUMER IN THE SYSTEM OF BUDGETING ACTIVITIES OF ECONOMIC ENTITIES
Authors:   Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Matkovskyі Pеtro , Sas Lliudmyla ,   Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Shelenko Diana ,   Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University
Published: May 2022

Problematic issues related to the sale of products by local landowners and owners have been identified. At the same time, a significant share of imports of consumer products is justified. Opportunities for import substitution of products of the agricultural sector of the economy with the simultaneous establishment of the business sector in rural integrated territorial communities are outlined. It is investigated that several weaknesses are currently clearly identified for the established mechanism of sales of agricultural products in the chain from producer to final consumer. In addition to low financial literacy, lack of implementation of marketing principles, involvement of technological renewal of production processes, motivational factor, lack of consulting measures, etc., small agricultural producers need to be integrated into a modernized logistics system. The research presents a thesis about the key problem that exists today for the construction of electronic routes of product delivery – the lack of an address database of end users of products. Such a database was not formed by world leaders in trading platforms such as alibaba. com, aliexpress.com, domestic –, Silpo, ATB and others. Their position is well-established and understandable for conservative reasons. However, we pursue a social goal – to establish the necessary components to motivate the development of entrepreneurship in rural communities. This, in turn, should minimize the existing multiple trade margins. It is determined that the starting point (manufacturer's address), online navigation and off-line navigation system such as google.maps and route endpoint (consumer address) are required to build an electronic route. The difficulty arises in reducing to a single accepted orderly and pre-approved classification of the address of all potential end users and producers. Such unification will provide an opportunity not only to optimize electronic routes, but also the opportunity to find a manufacturer, a service provider in a territory optimally distant from the customer. The first steps towards the digitalization of such processes are laid down in our developed online platform perehid-4.com.ua.
The First Nations Water Crisis Through an Affective Lens
Authors: Nashed Sandra
Published: May 2022

This sentiment analysis entails the examination of commonly held colonial opinions and attitudes that further stigmatize Indigenous Peoples. The YouTube video posted by Global News (2021) chosen for this sentiment analysis speaks on the water crisis as experienced by Indigenous Peoples in which the insufficiencies of the infrastructures the government supposedly implements to provide clean drinking water for Indigenous communities is brought to light. This paper explores the negative sentiments/stereotypes found within the video to illustrate how Indigenous communities experience the water crisis and how it is viewed through an affective lens by settler colonialists. An exploration of the Canadian government’s tokenistic rationalization of their current policies that supposedly attempt to deal with and eradicate the water crisis will attempt to provide a counternarrative to the negative sentiments/stereotypes. Two policies that will be explored include the Indian Act, which placed a lot of power and control in the hands of the federal government in the allocation of funding and resources to Indigenous communities. And the policies that require Indigenous Peoples to go through various challenging and problematic hurdles to acquire funding for water treatment plants in their communities.
A Sentiment Analysis of The First Nations Water Crisis
Authors: Landriault Bryson
Published: May 2022

In this project, we were instructed to connect public sentiments to sociopolitical imaginaries about Indigenous peoples and offer a counter-narrative to these colonial mythologies, through researching the written forum on social media. We were then told to produce a visual representation of this analysis.  

Our objective was to identify the affective states of commenters in news stories about the First Nations water crisis and determine how they are connected to settler-colonial mythologies about Indigenous peoples.
Changes in Serum Electrolytes Following Permanent or Temporary Ileostomy
Authors: Naznin Kazi Nasid , Habib Md Ahsan , Rahman Mohammad Zillur , Parveen Farzana , Afrin Tangina , Sah Rakesh
Published: May 2022

Background: Patients with ileostomies are well known to be susceptible to extracellular fluid volume depletion as a result of fluid and solute losses that are greater than intake. However, electrolyte disorders accompanying these episodes of volume depletion are not well delineated.
Objective: To find out serum electrolytes changes observed in patients undergone permanent or temporary ileostomy.
Method: This prospective observational study was carried out in the Department of Colorectal Surgery, BSMMU, Dhaka, from January 2018 to December 2018. Fifty patients underwent permanent or temporary ileostomy and postoperatively treated with intravenous fluid and electrolytes at least up to 3rd POD along with gradual resumption of oral intake or ileostomy feeding and managed at least for 5 days were included in this study. Electrolyte was measured preoperatively and 3rd and 5th POD and observed the changes.
Result: Males were predominant than females (1.17:1). Most of the patients were in age group 31 – 40 years. Mean age was 42.4±12.5 years. Serum sodium (Na) and serum potassium (K) were reduced at POD 3 and at POD 5 compared to pre-operative level. Serum sodium concentration was 136.6±3.75 mmol/L pre operatively and reduced to 135.1 ±2.98 mmol/L at 3rd POD and 134.8±3.04 mmol/L at 5th POD. Similarly, serum potassium concentration was 4.0±0.49 mmol/L pre operatively and reduced to 3.8±0.70 mmol/L at 3rd POD and 3.8±0.50 mmol/L at 5th POD. Both serum Na and serum K level reduced significantly in POD 3 and in POD 5 in comparison to pre-operative values (p<0.05). Regarding serum Cl and serum HCO3 level no statistically significant difference were observed (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Serum sodium and potassium concentration reduced statistically significantly after permanent ileostomy.
Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(1): 78-81
Ultrasonographic assessment of dengue fever and its correlation with platelet count
Authors: Nahar Kamrun , Jahan Mahmood-uz- , Akhter Shamima , Barua Saikat , Begum Dilara , Hasan Mohammed Kamrul
Published: May 2022

Background: Dengue virus infections are a significant threat to human populations particularly in the tropical and subtropical regions. This is mainly transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquito from humans to humans. The main pathological mechanisms associated include thrombocytopenia, haemorrhagic diathesis with haemoconcentration. Ultrasonography is used because of its ability to detect plasma leakage signs and prediction of disease severity.

Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic findings of dengue fever and its correlation with platelet count.

Methods: It was a prospective observational study, carried out in Bangladesh Medical College Hospital, Dhaka from May 2019 to August 2019. A total of 213 patients of suspected dengue fever during the epidemic were included in this study. All the cases were serologically diagnosed and evaluated with ultrasonographic findings. Platelet counts were estimated in all the cases and compared with findings recorded on ultrasonographic findings.

Results: The mean age of the study population was 28.7 years. The male female ratio was 1.7:1. The common features on ultrasonography were thickened and oedematous gall bladder wall, mild to moderate ascites, pleural effusion (unilateral and bilateral), and hepatosplenomegaly. Thickened and oedematous gall bladder wall were observed in 68.8%, mild to moderate ascites 65.3%, bilateral pleural effusion 58.2 %, unilateral pleural effusion 40.4%, hepatomegaly 34.3 % and splenomegaly 13.6 % Platelet counts were significantly lower in abnormal ultrasonographic findings (p=0.001).

Conclusion: In a febrile patient with thrombocytopenia and positive dengue serology, ultrasonography of the abdomen is a useful tool to evaluate the severity of illness. Ultrasound findings of gall bladder wall oedema, ascites, and pleural effusion were correlated with the severity of thrombocytopenia. In epidemic scenarios, Ultrasonographic features may help in roughly estimating the platelet count even before serology and platelet results are available. Thus, it helps in treatment planning without waiting for the laboratory results.

Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(1): 23-28
Antibiotic resistance: An emerging public health challenge
Authors: Rahman Shah Md Mahfuzur , Hossain Shah Monir , Amin Md Ruhul
Published: May 2022

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been recognised by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a global health and development threat.1 An accurate, actionable estimate of the AMR burden is needed to priortise resource allocation for strategies to prevent and control AMR including infection control, antimicrobial stewardship and updating strategies. Moreover, a mechanistic understanding of how AMR leads to worse outcomes will inform infection management.
Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(2): 101-102
Applications of Body Imaging Techniques in Clinical Practice and Biomedical Research: An Overview
Authors: Giasuddin ASM , Jhuma Khadija Akther , Nabi Shahryar
Published: May 2022

Background: Applications of imaging technology modalities have accumulated evidence that individual components of body composition (BC) have significant influences on chronic disease onset, disease progression, treatment responses and health outcomes.
Objective: To analyse the currently available body imaging techniques and their applications in clinical practice and medical research.
Methods: To review the various body imaging techniques and their applications in clinical practice and medical research, Medline, PubMed, Google scholar, ResearchGate and other databases were searched. Furthermore, references of selected studies and documents available in different libraries were also searched.
Findings: Imaging modalities have provided a systematic method for differentiating phenotypes of BC that diverge from normal, i.e. having low bone mass (osteopenia/osteoporosis), low muscle mass (sarcopenia), high fat mass (obesity), or high fat with low muscle mass (sarcopenic obesity). Tremendous advances were made over the past decades in the sensitivity and quality of imaging techniques such as Duel-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA), Computed Axial Tomography (CT), Ultrasound (US), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) etc. These imaging techniques have been useful to differentiate layers or depots within tissues and cells enhancing our understanding of distinct mechanistic, metabolic and functional roles of BC within human phenotypes.
Conclusion: In the present overview, we focused on DXA, CT and US for the use in clinical practice and biomedical research relevant to future investigation of human BC and how they may be applied to remedy the pandemic of obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(2): 103-109
Assessing the diagnosis Delay Among Breast Cancer Patients Attending in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Dhaka
Authors: Akhtar Khursheda , Hossain Kazi Jahangir , Nahar Shamsun , Akhtar Khodeza
Published: May 2022

Background: Diagnosis is a key determinant for any disease outcome. For that, we want to find out in which stage a breast cancer patient got admitted in hospital including various methods of laboratory investigations were done at different visits.
Objectives: This study was aimed to generate information on the stages that a breast cancer patient got admitted including various methods of laboratory investigations were done at different visits.
Methodology:   We conducted a cross sectional study at the National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2017-June 2018. We randomly selected a total of 200 patients who came to that hospital through face-to-face interview by using pretested semi-structured questionnaire.
Results: A total 77.0% (154) patients investigated Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) at first visit and mean duration for diagnosis was 11 months. Maximum patients came for diagnosis at stage II, III or IV; nobody came at stage I. As consequences, we found that stage of cancer had 7 times more likely to cause diagnostic delay (OR=7.957; 95% CI 3.206-19.749) p <0.0001. Number of consultations was one of the cause for diagnostic delay (c2= 12.825, p <0.0001). Diagnostic delay had strong association between first consultation with physician versus other health care providers (c2= 17.645, p <0.0001). Excluding physicians, first consultation with health care providers also had 3 times more likely to cause delay in diagnosis (OR-3.862; 95% CI1.877-7.944) p<0.0001.
Conclusion: Breast cancer patients attended to health care provider at advanced stage. Knowledge, negative perception, social support were the contributing factor for delay in breast cancer diagnosis.
Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(2): 136-142
Association of incomplete Circle of Willis with severity of acute ischaemic stroke
Authors: Chowdhury Amit Roy , Hannan M A , Dey Subash Kanti , Jannat Maftahul , Rahman Md Habibur
Published: May 2022

Background: The extent of damage by ischaemic stroke and the course of illness depend largely on the presence of collateral vessels around the affected area. The Circle of Willis (CoW), which serves as an important potential collateral pathway in maintaining adequate blood flow around the brain, is known to have variable patency. So the completeness of CoW is expected to influence the severity of ischaemic stroke.
Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the association of completeness of Circle of Willis with severity of acute ischaemic stroke.
Methods: It was a cross-sectional study done in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from March, 2015 to August, 2017. A total of 42 patients of acute ischaemic stroke who were undergoing Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) for different reasons were selected by purposive sampling method. Data regarding completeness of Circle of Willis were obtained from DSA. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score were measured to assess the severity of stroke. Then the severities of stroke between the complete and incomplete Circle of Willis groups were compared.
Results: A total of 27 male and 15 female patients were enrolled. Among them, 47.6% (20) had complete CoW and it was incomplete in rest 52.4% (22). Median (range) of NIHSS scores of complete and incomplete CoW group was 4.5 (0-17) and 9.5 (3-21) respectively. Mean NIHSS (±SD) for the complete and incomplete CoW was
6.60 (±4.97) and 9.95 (±5.10) respectively. The difference of mean between the two groups was found to be statistically significant (p=0.037). Odd’s Ratio (OR) for development of more severe stroke in patients with incomplete CoW was 4.5, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.18-18.13 which was statistically significant (p=0.029).
Conclusion: It was concluded that incomplete Circle of Willis is associated with more severe stroke in acute ischaemic stroke patients.
Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(2): 181-191
A Diagnostic Challenge of Symptomatic Benign Primary Retroperitoneal Mucinous Cyst: A Case Report
Authors: Dorji Namkha , Phurpa  , Pradhan Birendra , Amatullah Mehriban , Mahmud Tasfia , Begum Shirin Akter
Published: May 2022

Background: Retroperitoneal cyst is a rare event with diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. It may remain asymptomatic or present with vague symptoms such as abdominal distension or pain. In the event of late diagnosis, it might develop complications like infection, perforation, haemorrhage and malignant transformation.
Objective: As there is not a single reported case from Bhutan, this is the first report to sensitise the clinicians so that they are aware about the rare possibility of this lesion.
Case: A 34-year-old woman presented with abdominal pain was diagnosed as ovarian tumour. During laparotomy, the mass was found to be a retroperitoneal cyst which was excised completely with intact capsule. The uterus, bilateral ovaries and fallopian tubes were normal. Histopathology confirmed that it to be benign primary retroperitoneal cyst.
Conclusion: Involvement of multidisciplinary team members would facilitate proper diagnosis and appropriate management of retroperitoneal cysts.
Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(2): 225-229
PENGEMBANGAN TEMPAT SAMPAH PINTAR MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR ULTRASONIK BERBASIS ARDUINO UNO UNTUK LIMBAH MASKER
Authors: Purwaningsih Sri , Pebralia Jesi , Rustan Rustan
Published: May 2022

ABSTRAK Penggunaan masker telah menjadi kewajiban dan gaya hidup baru bagi masyarakat menyebabkan peningkatan limbah masker. Tempat sampah masker didominasi oleh tempat sampah konvensional yakni  pengguna harus membuka dan menutup penutup tempat sampah tersebut dengan menggunakan tangan atau pijakan kaki dan dapat menjadi ancaman sumber penularan baru COVID-19. Pada penelitian ini dikembangkan tempat sampah pintar untuk limbah masker menggunakan sensor dan motor servo berbasis Arduini Uno. Sensor yang digunakan adalah sensor ultrasonik HC-SR04 sebagai pendeteksi jarak dan pengukur volume sampah limbah masker medis. Motor servo befungsi membuka dan menutup tempat sampah dan dikontrol oleh Arduino Uno secara otomatis. Hasil kalibrasi sensot ultasonik HC-SR04 yang telah dilakukan menghasilkan persaman linier dan nilai R2= 0.9986. Hal ini menunjukkan sensor ultrasonik HC-SR04 dapat diaplikasikan dalam pengembangan tempat sampah pintar. Kata kunci: Arduino Uno, Motor Servo, Sensor Ultrasonik, Tempat Sampah Pintar ABSTRACT The use of masks has become a requirement and a new lifestyle for the community has led to an increase in mask waste. The trash bin for masks waste are dominated by conventional trash bin, where users have to open and close the lid of the trash bin by using hands or footrests and this can pose a threat to a new source of COVID-19 transmission. In this study, a smart trash bin for mask waste was developed using an Arduino Uno-based sensor and servo motor. The sensor used is the ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04 as a distance sensor and measuring the volume of medical mask waste. The servo motor used to open and close the trash bin and is controlled by Arduino Uno automatically. The results of the ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04 calibration that have been carried out produce a linear equation and the value of R2 = 0.9986. This shows that the ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04 can be applied in the development of smart trash bins. Keywords: Ardunino Uno, Servo Motor, Ultrasonic Sensor, Smart Trash
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN PENGUASAAN KONSEP IPA TERPADU DAN KEPEDULIAN LINGKUNGAN MAHASISWA MELALUI PENGGUNAAN BAHAN AJAR PENGOLAHAN TEBU SEBAGAI ENERGI TERBARUKAN
Authors: Nuraini Lailatul , Supeno Supeno , Sudarti Sudarti , Astutik Sri , Royani Shinta Nuriyah Mahbubiyah
Published: May 2022

ABSTRAK Jember merupakan daerah yang memiliki potensi tebu yang besar. Akan tetapi, potensi pengolahan tebu belum banyak dikembangkan sebagai sumber belajar dalam proses pembelajaran sehingga belum dapat menumbuhkan kesadaran akan kepedulian lingkungan akibat keberadaan limbah dari pabrik pengolahan tebu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan tentang penguasaan konsep ipa terpadu dan tingkat kepedulian lingkungan mahasiswa setelah pembelajaran menggunakan bahan ajar tentang pengolahan tebu sebagai energi terbarukan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan desain penelitian one group pretest posttest design. Sampel penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa calon guru fisika yang menempuh mata kuliah IPA Terpadu. Teknik pengumpulan data secara observasi, dokumentasi dan test penguasaan konsep. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan penguasaan konsep IPA Terpadu mahasiswa mengalami peningkatan sebesar 0,43 dan berada dalam kategori sedang. Mahasiswa menunjukkan adanya peningkatan sikap kepedulian lingkungan terhadap potensi lokal pengolahan tebu sebagai energi terbarukan yang ada di Jember. Kemampuan penguasaan konsep dan sikap kepedulian lingkungan sangat penting dimiliki oleh mahasiswa agar mahasiswa mampu mengintegrasikan konsep yang dimiliki ke dalam sikap peduli lingkungan dalam kehidupan nyata.Kata Kunci: IPA Terpadu, Penguasaan Konsep, Kesadaran Lingkungan, Tanaman TebuABSTRACT Jember is a regency which has a great potential of sugar cane. Meanwhile, the potential of the processing of sugar cane was not yet to be developed as a learning resource and hence was not able to grow the environment awareness which was caused by the waste of sugar cane factory. The aimed of this research was to describe the mastery concept learning of integrated science and level of students’ environment awareness after learning by using teaching material about the processing of sugar cane as a renewable energy. The method was experimental research with one group pretest-posttest design. The sample of this research was physics students who took integrated science course.  The research data which was collected by using observation, documentation, and mastery concept test was analyzed by using normalized gain. The result showed that there was an increasing of N-gain around 0,43 and came to medium category. It also showed that there was environment awareness toward local potential of sugar cane manufacturing as a renewable energy in Jember. The ability of mastery concept and environment awareness was very important to be had by students, so the students were able to integrate the science concept into environment awareness behaviour in the daily life.Keywords: Integrated Science; Mastery Concept Learning; Environment Awareness; Sugar Cane.
DESAIN DAN PERANCANGAN INSTRUMEN MONITORING KEKERUHAN AIR DENGAN SISTEM REAL TIME CLOCK (RTC)
Authors: Rahman Refpo , Gultom Fades Br.
Published: May 2022

ABSTRAK Instrumen monitoring tingkat kekeruhan air dapat dirancang dengan Arduino Uno. Modul turbidity sensor dan modul RTC DS3231 digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat kekeruhan air secara real time yang hasil pengukuran tersimpan otomatis di dalam SD card. Instrumen tingkat kekeruhan air ini dapat digunakan dalam pengukuran tingkat kekeruhan air tanpa harus tersambung dengan sumber listrik PLN karena menggunakan baterai dengan kapasitas yang besar yaitu 2200 mAh. Berdasarkan desain yang telah dirancang, terdapat beberapa port pada instrumen seperti connector arduino ke PC, adabtor DC 12 V dan slot SD card. Terdapat dua langkah pengujian diterapkan antara lain pengujian alat untuk dikalibrasi dan pengujian tingkat kesalahan relatifnya. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian pertama diperoleh persamaan fungsi  y = -104,17 x2 + 431,83x + 2 yang digunakan untuk kalibrasi alat sesuai dengan alat standar turbiditimeter 2100. Selanjutnya, melakukan perhitungan kesalahan relatif alat instrumen. Hasilnya, instrumen monitoring kekeruhan air ini dapat mengukur tingkat kekeruhan air pada rentang 50-500 NTU dengan tingkat kesalahan sebesar 1.67%. Kata  kunci : Arduino Uno, DS3231, turbidity sensor, real time clock ABSTRACT The instrument for monitoring the level of water turbidity can be designed with the Arduino Uno. The turbidity sensor module and DS3231 RTC module are used to measure the turbidity level of the water in real time. The measurement results are stored automatically in the SD card. This water turbidity level instrument can be used in the field without having to be connected to a PLN electricity source because it uses a battery with a large capacity of 2200 mAh. Based on the design that has been designed, there are several ports on the instrument such as an Arduino to PC connector, adapter of 12 V DC and SD card slot. There are two testing steps applied, including testing to be calibrated and testing its relative error rate. Based on the results of the first test, the equation of the function y = -104.17 x2 + 431.83x + 2 is obtained which is used for calibration of the instrument according to the standard tool of turbiditimeter 2100. The second, calculate the relative error of the instrument. As a result, this water turbidity monitoring instrument can measure the level of water turbidity in the range of 50-500 NTU with an error rate of 1.67%. Keywords—Arduino Uno, turbidity sensor, real time clock, modul RTC DS3231
PELATIHAN PENULISAN ARTIKEL JURNAL NASIONAL UNTUK GURU BAHASA INGGRIS DI KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Maisarah Ira , Safnil Safnil , Sofyan Dedi
Published: May 2022

Menulis artikel dan memublikasikannya di jurnal nasional atau jurnal internasional merupakan salah satu prasyarat yang harus dilakukan oleh guru untuk mengajukan kenaikan pangkat ke jenjang yang lebih tinggi. Dalam hal ini, guru Bahasa Inggris, khususnya yang ada di Kota Bengkulu mengalami kesulitan dalam menulis artikel jurnal ilmiah. Mereka kesulitan untuk mengembangkan ide dalam menulis artikel jurnal ilmiah. Pelatihan ini bertujuan untuk melatih para guru bahasa Inggris dalam menulis artikel jurnal ilmiah untuk dipublikasikan di jurnal nasional. Pelatihan ini dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan para guru bahasa Inggris dalam menulis artikel jurnal Nasional. Kegiatan ini menggunakan konsep workshop dengan beberapa kegiatan proses seperti presentasi materi, penulisan artikel, dan bimbingan teknis. Berdasarkan hasil pelatihan terbukti bahwa pengetahuan dan kemampuan para guru bahasa Inggris semakin baik setelah mengikuti pelatihan ini. Hasil angket menunjukkan> 80% peserta pelatihan memberikan respon yang positif. Selain itu, analisis data hasil uji regresi juga menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara pelatihan menulis artikel jurnal terhadap kemampuan guru bahasa Inggris di Kota Bengkulu. Nilai Sig = 0,002 <0,025 artinya hipotesis nol ditolak. Dengan demikian, pelatihan menulis artikel jurnal nasional berdampak pada perubahan guru bahasa Inggris di Kota Bengkulu.
PELATIHAN MENJADI GURU BAHASA INGGRIS KREATIF DAN MILENIAL DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA BENGKULU TENGAH
Authors: Syahrial Syahrial , Syafryadin Syafryadin
Published: May 2022

Pengabdian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh para guru di Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah yang dianggap masih banyak yang kurang tersentuh dengan teknologi dan metode pengajaran bahasa Inggris yang diterapkan masih dianggap monoton. Oleh karena itu perlu diberikan bekal pengetahuan tentang guru yang kreatif dan milenial melalui pelatihan. Adapun tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah untuk melatih dan mewujudkan habituasi pada guru Bahasa Inggris di Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah agar menjadi guru yang kreatif dan milenial sebagai implementasi dari revolusi industri 4.0. Kreatif tidak hanya pandai menggunakan media, namun juga menerapkan metode atau teknik mengajar bahasa Inggris yang sesuai. Dalam melaksanakan kegiatan ini, metode pengabdian dilakukan dalam bentuk pengajaran dan pelatihan serta evaluasi. Kegiatan pengadian ini terkait dengan Dinas pendidikan di Provinsi Bengkulu dan instansi pendidikan di Kabuapen Bengkulu Tengah khususnya Sekolah Menengah Pertama di Bengkulu Tengah. Dinas pendidikan dan instansi terkait merupakan lembaga yang memiliki visi yang sama dengan tim pelaksana kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini yakni mencerdaskan kehidupan Bangsa Indonesia. Kegiatan evaluasi pada pengabdian masyarakat ini terkait semua hal yang terjadi dalam proses pelaksanan kegiatan. Hal ini dimulai dari tahap awal berupa persiapan yang meliputi pengamatan lapangan (pada Sekolah Menengah Pertama di Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah).
ISLAMIC FEFAC AS AN INTERESTING LEARNING MEDIA TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ ENGLISH ABILITY AND DEVELOP THEIR CHARACTER VALUES IN MAN REJANG LEBONG
Authors: Gusmuliana Paidi , Apriani Eka , Karolina Asri
Published: May 2022

The article aims to improve students’ English ability and develop character values in MAN Rejang Lebong. The subject of Community Service was 40 (fourty) students from low economic category that studied in MAN Rejang Lebong. The result showed that the service activities have been carried out well and smoothly without any obstacles; this community service showed improvement in students’ English ability. It can be seen in the result of pre-test and post-test (65 and 79). Then, this community service is also can develop students’ character such as active, independent, brave, responsibility, discussion, polite in the classroom. Students are very enthusiastic in receiving the learning material that has been delivered by the servant; and school  plays an active role in supporting the implementation of this community service.
PELATIHAN PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN AUDIO-VISUAL INTERAKTIF BAGI GURU BAHASA INGGRIS DI KABUPATEN BENGKULU SELATAN
Authors: Arsyad Safnil , Syahrial Syahrial , Maisarah Ira
Published: May 2022

Pembelajaran dengan menggunakan media interaktif akan memberikan dampak yang positif terhadap kepuasan siswa. Untuk itu, guru yang professional termasuk guru bahasa Inggris di SMP harus mampu mengembangkan media pembelajaran interaktif menggunakan computer. Namun demikian, hanya beberapa guru yang mampu mengembangkan hal tersebut. Media pembelajaran audio-visual interaktif dibutuhkan dalam proses pembelajaran. Untuk memecahkan masalah ini, pelatihan diberikan kepada guru-guru bahasa Inggris yang ada di Bengkulu Selatan. Pelatihan ini terdiri dari tiga tahapan yaitu mengembangkan media pembelajaran, menguji media pembelajaran dan merevisi draf media pembelajaran. Setiap tahapan terdiri dari dua aktivitas yaitu workshop dan peer-conferences yang dimaksudkan untuk memfasilitasi guru bahasa Inggris agar terlatih dalam mengembangkan media tersebut. Hasil dari pelatihan tersebut adalah guru memandang pelatihan media pembelajaran audio-visual interaktif sangat efektif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan mereka dalam hal media dan motivasi mereka dalam mengembangkan media interaktif audio-visual