bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organic matter reduction using four densities of seaweed (Gracilaria verucosa) and green mussel (Perna viridis) to improve water quality for aquaculture in Java, Indonesia
Authors: Widowati Lestari L. , Budi Prayitno S. , Rejeki Sri , Elfitasari Tita , Purnomo Pujiono W. , Ariyati Restiana W. , Bosma Roel H.
Published: March 2021

The high organic waste content of river water in Demak, north coast of Java, has caused traditional small-scale pond farmers to stop stocking shrimp. This paper examines whether seaweed and mussel will improve the quality of water these farmers use. The effect of Gracilaria verucosa and Perna viridis on the water quality was assessed by measuring the removal rates (RRs) of total organic material (TOM), total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrite, and nitrate. The specific growth rates (SGRs) of seaweed and mussel were also measured. Thirty-six semi-outdoor tanks containing 800 L of brackish water and 7 cm substrate were randomly assigned to four replications of four densities of G. verucosa: 50 (S50), 100 (S100), 150 (S150), and 200 (S200) g m−2, and of P. viridis: 60 (M60), 90 (M90), 120 (M120), and 150 (M150) g m−2. Weekly, the TOM, TAN, nitrite, and nitrate contents were measured, seaweed and mussel weighted; RRs and SGRs were calculated at the end of the study. The effect of densities on the RRs was significant for both seaweed and mussel. P. viridis was more effective in reducing TOM (by 38%) than G. verucosa (7%); G. verucosa achieved higher RRs for TAN, nitrite, and nitrate. At S200, TOM and TAN decreased by 7.4% and 67%, respectively. At M90, TOM and TAN, decreased by 38% and 49%, respectively. However, nitrite increased significantly at S200 and M150. The SGR of seaweed was significantly lower at S200 than that at S150, S100, and S50. The best performing densities were S100 and M90.
Histology of Tritia mutabilis gonads: using reproductive biology to support sustainable fishery management
Authors: Mallet Alicia , Jouvenel Jean-Yves , Broyon Morgane , Pirot Nelly , Geffroy Benjamin
Published: March 2021

The mutable nassa, Tritia mutabilis, a marine gastropod that is widely exploited on the Adriatic coast is an important source of income for small-scale fishermen in the Mediterranean Sea, particularly in the Gulf of Lion. However, the lack of knowledge on the ecology and biology of this species limits our capacities to propose and produce an effective management plan. As a result, stocks are currently declining, especially in Italy. In order to optimize a management plan for this fishery, we designed a study to better characterize the reproductive biology of T. mutabilis, using gonad histology and performing a regular monitoring of population size frequency. The average shell height of individuals during the breeding period was 24 ± 2.7 mm for males and 30 ± 3.7 mm for females. The presence of small females (10 mm) and large males (32 mm) in the whole sample challenged previous assumptions regarding protandry (sex change from male to female). The size at first maturity was estimated for males and females at 17.5 mm and 24.4 mm shell height, respectively. In Italy, current management measures include a minimum conservation reference size of 20 mm in shell height. Therefore, it is likely that many individuals that did not reproduce are being caught, which could partly explain the decline observed, despite conservation measures introduced more than ten years ago. Overall, our study provides some baseline information to establish, in consultation with fishermen, management measures for this small-scale fishery in France.
Vertical interface augmented tunability of scattering spectra in ferromagnetic microwire/silicone rubber metacomposites
Authors: Uddin Azim , Qin Faxiang , Estevez Diana , Peng Hua-Xin
Published: March 2021

Previously, we have demonstrated a viable approach based on microstructural and topological modulation of periodically arranged elements to program wave scattering in ferromagnetic glass-coated microwire metacomposites. In order to fully exploit the intrinsic structure of the composite, here, we implement the concept of composites plainification by an in-built vertical interface on randomly dispersed short-cut microwires allowing the adjustment of electromagnetic properties to a larger extent. Such interface was modified through arranging wires with different internal structures in two separated regions and by alternating these regions through wire concentration variations associated with polarization differences across the interface. When the wire concentration was equal in both regions, two well-defined transmission windows with varied amplitude and bandwidth were generated. Wire concentration fluctuations resulted in strong scattering changes ranging from broad passbands to pronounced stopbands, demonstrating the intimate relationship between wire content and space charge variations at the interface. This provides a new method to rationally exploit interfacial effects and microstructural features of microwire metacomposites. Moreover, the advantages of enabling tunable scattering spectra by merely 0.053 vol.% of fillers and simple structure make the proposed plainification strategy instrumental to designing filters with broadband frequency selectivity.
Von einer enterovesikalen Fistel zum Mammakarzinom
Authors: Comploj Evi , Hanspeter Esther , Bonatti Matteo , Palermo Salvatore , Mazzucato Giovanni , Pycha Armin , Trenti Emanuela
Published: March 2021

Wir berichten über den Fall einer 83-jährigen Patientin, die unter dem Verdacht einer enterovesikalen Fistel hospitalisiert und operiert wurde und schlussendlich die Diagnose eines intestinal metastasierten Mammakarzinoms erhielt.
Cumulative Effects of Thyroid Hormones Over 10 Years and Risk of General and Abdominal Obesity
Authors: Mehran Ladan , Amouzegar Atieh , Gharibzadeh Safoora , Abdi Hengameh , Mansournia Mohammad Ali , Tohidi Maryam , Azizi Fereidoun
Published: March 2021

We aimed to assess if changes in thyrotropin (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) over 10 years of follow-up would be associated with changes in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) or risk of obesity. We enrolled 2317 out of 4179 participants in Tehran Thyroid Study with serum TSH between 0.1–10 mU/l and without history of thyroid medication or surgery. Serum concentrations of FT4 and TSH were measured at baseline and three follow-ups (1999–2011). To account for within-subject correlation, the generalized estimating equation was used to assess the association between one standard deviation(SD) change in the main exposures [cumulative excess (CE)TSH and CEFT4] and changes in BMI and WC; calculated scores of CETSH and CEFT4 were included in models as time-varying exposures. Cumulative excess of TSH or FT4 was not associated with increased incidence of general or abdominal obesity. However, CEFT4 was negatively associated with BMI only in overweight and obese subjects. In GEE analysis, one unit increase in TSH was associated with 0.02 kg/m2 increase in BMI (95% CI: 0.01, 0.03), which remained significant only in women; although the association was not significant after adding FT4 to model. One unit increase in FT4 was associated with 1.5 kg/m2 decrease in BMI (95% CI:−1.8,−1.2) and 4.1 cm decrease in WC (95% CI:−5.1,−3.1) in both sexes independent of TSH and other confounders. Cumulative excess of TSH or FT4 indicated no risk for general or abdominal obesity. However, FT4 was negatively associated with BMI and WC independent of TSH.
Rhytidhyesters A – D, 4 New Chlorinated Cyclopentene Derivatives from the Endophytic Fungus Rhytidhysteron sp. BZM-9
Authors: Zhang Sha , Wang Wenxuan , Tan Jianbin , Kang Fenghua , Chen Dekun , Xu Kangping , Zou Zhenxing
Published: March 2021

Four new chlorinated cyclopentene derivatives, rhytidhyesters A – D (1 – 4), were isolated from Rhytidhysteron sp. BZM-9, an endophytic fungus from Leptospermum brachyandrum. The planar structures of compounds 1 – 4 were mainly elucidated by 1D, 2D NMR, and HRESIMS data. Their absolute configurations were established by X-ray crystallographic analysis, quantum chemical 13C NMR, and electronic circular dichroism calculations. Compounds 1 and 2 are a pair of epimers. Moreover, all the isolated compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activities against 3 human colon cancer cell lines (SW620, HT29, SW480) and antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. All compounds exhibited weak to moderate antiproliferative activities with IC50 values ranging from 15.4 to 37.7 µM but were inactive against S. aureus.
Clinical Assessment and Lesion-Specific Management of Orbital Vascular Malformations
Authors: Rootman Daniel B. , Diniz Stefania B. , Cohen Liza M.
Published: March 2021

The systematic classification of vascular disease as proposed and refined by the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) divides vascular pathology first into tumors and malformations. Malformations are described as simple and complex, where simple malformations contain a single vascular system and complex malformations comprised of multiple vascular systems. Arteriovenous malformations are considered in terms of inflow characteristics which are primarily responsible for the key management challenges. Management utilizing endovascular embolization and/or surgical resection is often employed; however, recurrence can occur, particularly in diffuse cases. There may be an increasing role for systemic antiangiogenic therapy in such cases. Lymphaticovenous malformations are divided into the principle components on the lymphatic and venous sides for clarity of discussion. Lymphatic malformations are described morphologically as macrocystic and microcystic, and physiologically in terms of the processes responsible for growth. In both cases, surgical options are challenging and local therapeutics intended to close large luminal spaces in the case of macrocystic and to slow biological signaling for growth in microcystic. Venous malformations are described physiologically in terms of flow and distensibility, as volume plays a critical role in the limited space of the orbital cavity. Combined embolic-surgical approaches can be effective for management. More complicated, combined lesions can be managed by dividing the lesion into principal components and treating each appropriately.
Role of Minimally Invasive Surgery in Management of Penetrating Abdominal Trauma in Children
Authors: Mahmoud Muhammad Abdelhafez , Daboos Mohammad Alsayed , Bayoumi Ahmed Said Sayed , Helal Ahmed Abdelghaffar , Almaawi Abdulrahman , Hassab Mohamed Hany , Aldaraan Khaled Zamel
Published: March 2021

Introduction Traditionally, exploratory laparotomy was used to treat penetrating abdominal trauma (PAT). At present, minimally invasive surgery (for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes) has developed and represents a rapidly evolving modality for dealing with PAT in stable children. In this article, we aim to present our experience, evaluate the effectiveness, and report the results of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for PAT in stable pediatric patients.

Materials and Methods This prospective study involved 117 hemodynamically stable pediatric cases of PAT (caused by gunshots, stab, and accidental stab), admitted, and managed according to the severity of injury. The information recorded for analysis included demographic data, the anatomical location of injury, the initial vital data and scoring systems, the organs affected, the procedures done, operative time, need for conversion to laparoscopic-assisted approach, length of hospital stay, complications, missed injury, and mortality rate.

Results Among 117 pediatric patients with PAT, 15 cases were treated conservatively and 102 cases were managed by MIS. They were 70 males and 47 females with a mean age of 7.3 ± 0.6 years (range = 1–14 years). They included 48 cases of gunshot injury, 33 cases of abdominal stab, and 36 cases of accidental stab. Laparoscopy was diagnostic (DL) in 33.3% (n = 34) and therapeutic (TL) in 66.7% (n = 68) of cases. Of the 68 TL cases, we completely managed 59 cases (86.8%) by laparoscopy, while 9 cases (13.2%) were converted to limited laparotomy. The mean operative time was 17 ± 1 minutes (range = 12–25 minutes) for DL, 85 ± 9 minutes (range = 41–143 minutes) for complete TL cases, and 89 ± 3 minutes (range = 47–149 minutes) for laparoscopic-assisted procedures. For DL cases, the mean length of hospital stay was 2 ± 0.4 days, while for complete TL cases, it was 5.4 ± 0.83 days, and for laparoscopic-assisted cases, it was 5.8 ± 0.37 days. Postoperative complications occurred in eight cases (7.84%), with five cases (4.9%) required reintervention. No missed injury or mortality was recorded in the study. The patients were followed up for a median period of 52 months.

Conclusion For management of PAT in children, MIS has 100% accuracy in defining the injured organs with zero percent missed injuries.
Modified phase average algorithm for the wake of a propeller
Authors: Wang Lianzhou , Guo Chunyu , Wang Chao , Xu Pei
Published: March 2021

In periodic unsteady flow fields of rotating machinery, instability factors such as physical oscillations often appear in instantaneous results. Thus, instantaneous results for flow fields are not representative. The phase average method is often employed in flow field analyses to account for the rotation of machinery. A traditional phase average method uses phase-locked analyses, which average all flow fields that have propeller blades passing through the same angular position. However, wake analyses based on traditional phase average methods are misleading in terms of the interpretation of tip vortex behaviors. This is because the traditional phase-average method tends to present increasingly diffuse traces of downstream tip vortices in vorticity fields, leading to an overestimation of the turbulent diffusion rate, including that of the vorticity spread through the meander and instability motions of the tip vortices. To address this problem, a modified phase average algorithm is proposed that can obtain more realistic vorticity fields and provide a powerful post-processing method of studying the streamwise evolution of the characteristics of propeller tip vortices.
Optically detected spin–orbit torque ferromagnetic resonance in an in-plane magnetized ellipse
Authors: Keatley P. S. , Chatzimpaloglou K. , Manago T. , Androvitsaneas P. , Loughran T. H. J. , Hicken R. J. , Mihajlović G. , Wan L. , Choi Y. , Katine J. A.
Published: March 2021

Time-resolved scanning Kerr microscopy has been used to perform optically detected, phase-resolved spin–orbit torque ferromagnetic resonance (SOT-FMR) measurements on a microscale CoFeB ellipse at the center of a Pt Hall cross subject to RF and DC current. Time-resolved polar Kerr images revealed localized dynamics with large amplitude at the center and weaker amplitude at the edges. Therefore, field swept SOT-FMR spectra were acquired from the so-called center mode to probe the SOTs active at the center of the ellipse, thus minimizing non-uniform edge contributions. When the magnetic field was applied at 30° from the hard axis of the ellipse and a DC current was applied, a marked asymmetry was observed in the amplitude and linewidth of the FMR peaks as the applied field was reversed. Both absorptive and dispersive parts of the spectra were in good agreement with a macrospin calculation. The damping parameter (α) and the Slonczewski torque parameter were determined to be 0.025 and (6.75 ± 0.75) × 10−7 Oe A−1 cm2, respectively. The hard axis SOT-FMR linewidth was found to be almost independent of the DC current value, suggesting that the SOT has a minimal influence in the hard axis configuration and that thermal effects were insignificant. This study paves the way for spatially resolved measurements of SOT probed using localized modes of microscale devices that go beyond the spatially averaged capability of electrical measurement techniques.
Perspective on ceramic materials for 5G wireless communication systems
Authors: Hill Michael D. , Cruickshank David B. , MacFarlane Iain A.
Published: March 2021

5G technology, both infrastructure and handsets, is being deployed throughout the world with television advertisements trumpeting faster download speeds, an end to dropped calls and buffering, high bandwidth communication systems enabling remote surgery, autonomous vehicles, and enhanced virtual reality experiences. In truth, the adoption of the 5G technology is in its infancy with numerous technical challenges ahead. In this perspective article, we will present an overview of the technology platforms that make up 5G and examine the role of ceramic oxide and nitride materials in enabling this technology. We will look at ceramic devices present in both handsets and the base station infrastructure in terms of its historical use in wireless telephony and its projected future use in 5G systems.
Shear-dependent microvortices in liquid–liquid flow-focusing geometry: A theoretical, numerical, and experimental study
Authors: Kamalakshakurup Gopakumar , Aghaamoo Mohammad , Ataei Marzieh , Zhang Naiqing , Lee Abraham P.
Published: March 2021

In this work, we describe the mechanism of particle trapping and release at the flow-focusing microfluidic droplet generation junction, utilizing the hydrodynamic microvortices generated in the dispersed phase. This technique is based solely on our unique flow-focusing geometry and the flow control of the two immiscible phases and, thus, does not require any on-chip active components. The effectiveness of this technique to be used for particle trapping and the subsequent size selective release into the droplets depends on the fundamental understanding of the nature of the vortex streamlines. Here, we utilized theoretical, computational, and experimental fluid dynamics to study in detail these microvortices and parameters affecting their formation, trajectory, and magnitude.
Direct numerical simulations on the flow past a thin square plate
Authors: Zhao Yakun , Gao Song , Zhang Xiantao , Guo Xiaoxian , Li Xin , Tian Xinliang
Published: March 2021

Direct numerical simulations are performed to investigate the flow around an inclined thin square plate with a chord length-thickness aspect ratio of L/td = 50. The plate is inclined around its axis of symmetry in two approaches, which are denoted as the IS (lines connecting the midpoints of opposite edges) and IL (diagonal lines) conditions, respectively. The inclination angle (α) is considered between 0° and 60°, where α = 0° refers to the condition that the flow is normal to the plate. The Reynolds number (Re) based on the equivalent diameter (ld = 4L2 cos α/π) is in the range of 50≤Re≤350. In the considered Re-α space, four flow regimes, namely, steady state, periodic state, quasi-periodic state, and chaotic state, are all observed under both the IS and IL conditions. The periodic state with a low frequency modulation is observed under the IS condition but occurs at higher Re beyond the considered range under the IL condition. Overall, the critical Reynolds numbers at different bifurcations under the IS condition are lower than those under the IL condition. Compared to the IS condition, the flow under the IL condition tends to lose symmetry more easily, even for some cases in the periodic state area at α≤15°. Furthermore, a detailed comparison suggests that the critical Reynolds numbers at different bifurcations for the square plate are generally higher than those for the circular disk.
Nonlinear phenomenon in laser-induced finite-amplitude acoustic waves propagating along cracks
Authors: Li Mengmeng , Shen Zhonghua , Gusev Vitalyi , Lomonosov Alexey M. , Ni Chenyin
Published: March 2021

The propagation of the longitudinal and surface waves along cracks in the plate was studied. Waves with strain up to 5×10−3 could be generated by radiation of a Q-switched laser absorbed in a layer of liquid suspended carbon particles deposited on the surface of the plate. The longitudinal and surface Rayleigh waves traveled parallel to and on the fracture surfaces, respectively, and bounced from the free surfaces of the plate. It was observed that the longitudinal echo pulses exhibited shapes, which were dependent on the magnitude of the laser excitation and, thus, on the amplitudes of the laser-generated acoustic waves. At a certain photo-excitation level, the leading tensile part of the first longitudinal echo vanished and reappeared again at higher excitation levels. This effect did not occur in the crack-free areas of the plate and was amplitude-dependent; therefore, it could be attributed to the nonlinear interaction of the longitudinal and surface Rayleigh waves with the crack.
Upgrades to the ion cyclotron emission diagnostic on the DIII-D tokamak
Authors: DeGrandchamp G. H. , Thome K. E. , Heidbrink W. W. , Holmes I. , Pinsker R. I.
Published: March 2021

The ion cyclotron emission diagnostic on the DIII-D tokamak comprises seven single-turn loops that measure high-frequency (1–100 MHz) magnetic field fluctuations that are often excited by energetic particles in the plasma. The raw voltage signals induced in the loops in response to these fluctuations travel through a series of cables, isolation transformer DC blocks, low-pass filters, and finally a digitizer before being analyzed in frequency space. The diagnostic has been recently upgraded, most notably to include four additional graphite tile loops and a new eight-channel digitizer. The previous three loops are all on the low-field side of the tokamak. The measurement capabilities of the system have been expanded by the addition of a new horizontally oriented loop on the low-field side, an additional toroidal loop on the low-field side, and two toroidal loops on the high-field side. These loops will be used to provide approximate mode polarization, improved toroidal mode number calculations, and information on modes in inward-shifted plasmas, respectively.
Marangoni fireworks: Atomization dynamics of binary droplets on an oil pool
Authors: Hasegawa K. , Manzaki Y.
Published: March 2021

Surface tension gradient due to concentration and temperature differences induces Marangoni forces. The Marangoni effect has been extensively studied to understand its fundamental underlying physics and its industrial applications. This paper describes the spreading and atomization dynamics of an aqueous 2-propanol (IPA) solution on sunflower oil. The spreading and self-atomization of droplets by the Marangoni effect with the evaporation of volatile components are herein observed. With 40 wt. % IPA solution droplets on sunflower oil, firework-like behavior was demonstrated with the Marangoni effect. To better understand the interplay between the evaporation and spreading/atomization characteristics, the temperature field on the oil pool was visualized and quantified using an infrared camera. The Marangoni flow driven by the temperature gradient near the spreading front was estimated and compared with the experimental spreading velocity. The experimental spreading velocity of the liquid film was found to roughly agree with the model prediction. By the atomization of the spreading IPA solution, thousands of atomized daughter droplets were counted, and the size distribution was determined. Additionally, fingering instability at the interface of the IPA solution and sunflower oil was quantitatively discussed, and the resulting wavelength on its interface was compared with the capillary model. We hope that our demonstration stimulates further studies that will yield deeper insights into the spreading and atomization dynamics of volatile binary droplets on a liquid pool.
Numerical investigation of electro–thermo-convection with a solid–liquid interface via the lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: He Kun , Chai Zhenhua , Wang Lei , Ma Ben , Shi Baochang
Published: March 2021

In this paper, the electro–thermo-convection of a dielectric liquid lying between two parallel planar electrodes with a solid–liquid interface is numerically investigated by using the lattice Boltzmann method. In order to solve the governing equations, four different evolution functions are applied to solve the Navier–Stokes equations, Poisson's equation, charge conservation equation, and the energy equation, respectively. The impacts of some key parameters like the electric Rayleigh number (T), liquid-to-solid thermal conductivity ratio (λr), thickness of the conducting solid wall (δ), liquid-to-solid permittivity ratio (εr), and liquid-to-solid mobility ratio (Kr) are investigated in detail. Results indicate that the average heat transfer rate obtained in the presence of the solid substance is always smaller than that obtained for the case of no solid. In addition, we find that the effect of T on heat transfer is weakened with the increasing of λr, and an increase in λr, δ or εr tends to decrease the average Nusselt number and to cause the fluid flow in a steady state. Further, it is observed that the difference of average heat transfer rates gained for different Kr is almost negligible. Moreover, it is noted that the flow characteristics obtained for different (ρcp)r at steady state are always identical, while they are largely different for the case of the unsteady state. Finally, the bifurcation types of the linear instability (subcritical or supercritical) and the hysteresis loops in electro–thermo-convection are also investigated and compared with the case without the solid wall.
Fast discrimination of tumor and blood cells by label-free surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectra and deep learning
Authors: Fang XiangLin , Zeng QiuYao , Yan XinLiang , Zhao Zuyi , Chen Na , Deng QianRu , Zhu MengHan , Zhang YanJiao , Li ShaoXin
Published: March 2021

Rapidly and accurately identifying tumor cells and blood cells is an important part of circulating tumor cell detection. Raman spectroscopy is a molecular vibrational spectroscopy technique that can provide fingerprint information about molecular vibrational and rotational energy levels. Deep learning is an advanced machine learning method that can be used to classify various data accurately. In this paper, the surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectra of blood cells and various tumor cells are measured with the silver film substrate. It is found that there are significant differences in nucleic acid-related characteristic peaks between most tumor cells and blood cells. These spectra are classified by the feature peak ratio method, principal component analysis combined with K-nearest neighbor, and residual network, which is a kind of deep learning algorithm. The results show that the ratio method and principal component analysis combined with the K-nearest neighbor method could only distinguish some tumor cells from blood cells. The residual network can quickly identify various tumor cells and blood cells with an accuracy of 100%, and there is no complex preprocessing for the surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectra. This study shows that the silver film surface-enhanced Raman scattering technology combined with deep learning algorithms can quickly and accurately identify blood cells and tumor cells, indicating an important reference value for the label-free detecting circulating tumor cells.
Critical entry pressure of a droplet pinning over multitude of pore openings
Authors: Salama Amgad
Published: March 2021

Porous membranes filter by the virtue of their pore sizes in relation to the sizes of dispersals. While this is essentially true for solid dispersals, it needs to be reframed when dispersals are droplets. That is, without the existence of other selectivity criterion (other than pore sizes), droplets are prone to permeation, irrespectively. Fortunately, this extra criterion exists via the use of interfacial phenomena. That is, if the materials of the membrane are cast such that they are nonwetting with respect to droplets, interfaces are formed at pore openings that prevent droplets from permeation if the operating pressure is kept smaller than the entry pressure. Therefore, it is important to estimate such critical entry pressure under the different wettability conditions and droplet to pore ratios. Previous works have looked at droplets pining over single pore openings. In this work, the case in which relatively larger size droplets pin over multiple pore openings is investigated theoretically and via the tools of computational fluid dynamics. An exact formula is derived that account for the volumes of that part of the droplet hanging at the pore openings. An approximate formula is also highlighted that ignores this volume and compares very well with the exact formula. This derivation is based on the assumption that the droplets maintain their spherical shape, which is typically the case for smaller size droplets in produced water applications. The study shows that a pining droplet permeates first through the largest size pore until its size matches the critical size associated with the next larger pore opening when it starts to permeate.
Intrinsic room-temperature ferromagnetic semiconductor InCrTe3 monolayers with large magnetic anisotropy and large piezoelectricity
Authors: Song Guang , Li Dongsheng , Zhou Hongfu , Zhang Chengfeng , Li Zhongwen , Li Guannan , Zhang Bingwen , Huang Xiaokun , Gao Benling
Published: March 2021

A tremendous amount of research is currently focused on two-dimensional (2D) magnetic semiconductors because of their remarkable physical properties and diverse applications. However, their applications are highly limited by the low Curie temperature (TC). Based on first-principles calculations and Monte Carlo simulations, we demonstrate that 2D InCrTe3 monolayers are ideal candidates for next-generation spintronics applications. We show that 2D InCrTe3 monolayers have thermodynamical and mechanical stability. The magnetic couplings between Cr atoms are strong ferromagnetic (FM) interactions. 2D InCrTe3 monolayers have robust FM semiconducting behavior with a bandgap of ∼0.67 eV, adequate TC (higher than ∼300 K), and a giant out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) of ∼1.4 meV/Cr. Moreover, the low symmetry C3v point group leads to large in-plane piezoelectric coefficients d11 (larger than 4.8 pm/V) and out-of-plane piezoelectric coefficients d31 (larger than 0.39 pm/V), which are higher than many Janus transition metal dichalcogenides. The theoretical predictions of high TC, large MAE, and piezoelectricity in 2D InCrTe3 monolayers suggest that they have great potential for applications in spintronics, nano-sized sensors, and electromechanics.
Centrifugal buoyancy in a rotating fluid layer next to and distant from the rotation axis
Authors: Vadasz Peter
Published: March 2021

An analytical investigation of the stability and onset of natural convection in a rotating fluid layer subject to a centrifugal body force and placed an arbitrary offset distance from the axis of rotation is presented. Linear stability as well as weak nonlinear analyses is performed to demonstrate the effect of centrifugal buoyancy. In the limit of an infinite distance from the center of rotation, the results are identical to the natural convection resulting from heating a fluid layer from below subject to the gravitational body force. The results provide the stability map for all non-negative values of the parameter controlling the offset distance from the axis of rotation. A clear break of symmetry results from the centrifugal buoyancy if the offset distance from the axis of rotation is not too large. The weak nonlinear solutions produce amplitudes for the convection velocity and temperature via the solution of a Landau amplitude equation. The latter are being used in evaluating the Nusselt number representing the average heat transfer coefficient in dimensionless form. No oscillatory convection is possible when the Coriolis effect is small and negligible.
On droplets that cluster and evaporate in reactive turbulence
Authors: Weiss Philipp , Bhopalam Sthavishtha R. , Meyer Daniel W. , Jenny Patrick
Published: March 2021

This paper examines droplets that cluster and evaporate in reactive turbulence with direct numerical simulations. The flows are statistically homogeneous and isotropic with mass loadings of about 0.1, Stokes numbers of about 1, and Taylor-scale Reynolds numbers of about 40. Our simulation results reveal diffusion and premixed flames. When the mass loading is small or the Stokes number is large, clusters contain few droplets such that diffusion flames surround single droplets. However, when the mass loading is large or the Stokes number is small, clusters contain many droplets such that premixed flames propagate through clusters and diffusion flames surround clusters.
Receptivity of incompressible convective boundary layers induced by linear thermal forcing
Authors: Liu Yang , Ren Sitao
Published: March 2021

In this study, the convective instability of incompressible convective boundary layers induced by linearly heating condition is investigated by its receptivity to controlled perturbations and the subsequent streamwise evolution of the disturbance waves. The unstable disturbance waves are triggered by two modes of perturbations. The random mode calculations demonstrate the boundary layer could be distinctly divided into a low frequency band (LFB), a mixed frequency band (MFB) and a high frequency band (HFB), which are essentially the same as the extensively studied homogenously heated problems. It is, however, found that the dominant frequency shifts lower in the HFB segment when Ra is higher than 1 × 109 at s = −2, where Ra = gβΔTH3/νκ is Rayleigh number and s = dθw(y)/dy is stratification factor. By examining temperature profiles, it is known that this behavior is associated with the negative buoyant effect which fundamentally differentiates the present flow from the classic s = 0 ones. The sinuous mode calculations reveal that the maximum perturbation amplitude is achieved at fc. From the spectral power of the perturbations in the convective boundary layer, the characteristic frequency fc is determined and appropriate scale laws are proposed for fc in various scenarios. In addition, the propagation speed of the instability waves in the boundary layer is obtained from the present calculations. It is revealed that the disturbance wave always travels faster than the base flow and the speed ratio ξ is larger at s = −2 than at s = 0. It is further found that, similar to the perturbation amplitude, the heat transfer also maximizes at fc.
Beam brightness from Cs–Te near the photoemission threshold
Authors: Pierce Christopher M. , Bae Jai Kwan , Galdi Alice , Cultrera Luca , Bazarov Ivan , Maxson Jared
Published: March 2021

We describe measurements of the mean transverse energy (MTE) of Cs–Te photocathodes near the photoemission threshold. The MTE displays an unexpected non-monotonic behavior as the drive laser's wavelength is tuned to threshold and changes significantly as the photocathode is cooled to cryogenic temperatures. We show that a simple analytical model of photoemission from multiple compounds with a work function below that of pure Cs2Te may describe this behavior. We identify the additional compounds as Cs5Te3 and metallic Cs, and by calculating the MTE numerically within the three step model, we reproduce both the wavelength and temperature dependence of the observed MTE. In our model, the MTE changes with temperature arise from realistically small changes in the workfunctions of both compounds and Cs5Te3's bandgap energy. These results suggest the existence of an illumination wavelength that is optimal for beam brightness and show that even trace impurities can dominate the MTE for near-threshold photoemission.
Impact of ambient temperature on the switching of voltage-controlled perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction
Authors: Wu Y. C. , Kim W. , Van Beek S. , Couet S. , Carpenter R. , Rao S. , Kundu S. , Van Houdt J. , Groeseneken G. , Crotti D. , Kar G. S.
Published: March 2021

Voltage control of the magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) effect enables a voltage-mediated magnetization switching mechanism for lower-power applications. In this work, we experimentally investigate the characteristics of VCMA-induced switching and we observe a clear decrease in the critical switching voltage (Vc) at elevated temperatures. A 50% reduction in Vc is quantified when increasing the ambient temperature (T) from 300 K to 360 K. Such a T-dependence of Vc is well explained with the variations of saturation magnetization (MS), interfacial anisotropy (Ki), and VCMA coefficient (ξ). In addition, the dependences of these properties on temperature are well fitted and explained with the power law of MS(T). Our findings on the T-dependent magnetic and switching characteristics of VCMA are of technological importance for implementing VCMA in magnetic random access memory (MRAM) applications.
Effects of the boundary-layer thickness at the cavity entrance on rarefied hypersonic flows over a rectangular cavity
Authors: Jin Xuhong , Huang Fei , Miao Wenbo , Cheng Xiaoli , Wang Bing
Published: March 2021

A comprehensive numerical study is performed to investigate rarefied hypersonic flows past a flat plate with a two- (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) rectangular cavity using the direct simulation Monte Carlo method. In this work, we obtain different boundary-layer thicknesses at the cavity entrance by varying the length of upstream flat plate. Then, the effects of boundary-layer thickness at the cavity entrance on flow characteristics and aerodynamic surface quantities are analyzed in depth. The concept of total-enthalpy boundary layer successfully identifies the boundary-layer edge while the traditional boundary layer based on velocity fails to captures the shock-wave front due to the presence of the weak shock wave in the rarefied hypersonic flow past a flat plate. The boundary-layer thickness at the cavity entrance has strong effects on the flow past the 2D cavity. As the boundary layer at the cavity entrance becomes thicker, the external stream can penetrate deeper into the cavity and transfer more momentum and energy to the cavity, so the cavity flow develops gradually from an open flow to a transitional one and ultimately to a closed one. In addition, the 3D effect plays an important role for the cases of extremely thick boundary layers at the cavity entrance, while it can almost be neglected when boundary layers at the cavity entrance are exceedingly thin.
Point-of-Care Haematology Analyser Quality Assurance Programme: a rural nursing perspective
Authors: Beazley Catherine , Blattner Katharina , Herd Geoffrey
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT Rural health services without an onsite laboratory lack timely access to haematology results. Set in New Zealand’s far north, this paper provides a rural nursing perspective on how a health service remote from a laboratory introduced a haematology analyser suitable for point-of-care use and established the associated quality assurance programme. ASSESSMENT OF PROBLEM Five broad areas were identified that could impact on successful implementation of the haematology analyser: quality control, staff training, physical resources, costs, and human resource requirements. RESULTS Quality control testing, staff training and operating the haematology analyser was more time intensive than anticipated. Finding adequate physical space for placement and operation of the analyser was challenging and costs per patient tests were higher than predicted due to low volumes of testing. STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVEMENT Through a collaborative team approach, a modified quality assurance programme was agreed on with the supplier and regional point-of-care testing co-ordinator, resulting in a reduced cost per test. The supplier provided dedicated hours of staff training. Allocated time was assigned to run point-of-care testing quality assurance. LESSONS Having access to laboratory tests can reduce inequalities for rural patients, but natural enthusiasm to introduce new point-of-care technologies and devices needs to be tempered by a thorough consideration of the realities on the ground. Quality assurance programmes need to fit the locality while being overseen and supported by laboratory staff knowledgeable in point-of-care testing requirements. Associated costs need to be sustainable in both human and physical resources.
An integrated morphological–molecular approach reveals new insights on the systematics of the octocoral
Authors: Poliseno Angelo , Altuna Alvaro , Puetz Lara C. , Mak Sarah S. T. , Ríos Pilar , Petroni Emily , McFadden Catherine S. , Sørensen Martin V. , Gilbert M. Thomas P.
Published: March 2021

Telestula humilis (Thomson, 1927) is a rare deep-sea stoloniferan octocoral distributed in the eastern Atlantic. Here we compared seven putative colonies of this species collected off Spain with the lectotype from the Oceanographic Museum of Monaco and found them to be identical morphologically. Phylogenetic analyses on both full mitogenomes and a concatenated alignment containing two mtDNA genes (mtMutS and Cox1) and nuclear 28S rRNA gene recovered Telestula humilis sister to Incrustatus and Inconstantia rather than to other species of Telestula. This therefore supports its taxonomic reassignment to Pseudotelestula gen. nov. as Pseudotelestula humilis comb. nov. The taxonomic reassignment is also supported by subtle differences observed between the morphology of the colony and the sclerome of Pseudotelestula humilis comb. nov. and the two sister genera. The occurrence of an intrusion tissue with sclerites in the basal part of the gastric cavity of the adult polyps is shared among Telestula and Pseudotelestula gen. nov. However, Pseudotelestula gen. nov. has sclerites arranged in a collaret and points below the tentacles, the sclerites of the calyx wall and the stolon are plump warty spindles, and the intrusion tissue has long sticks and spindles with cone-like spines.
Evaluation of the taxonomic position of the genus
Authors: Chernyshev Alexei V. , Polyakova Neonila E. , Hiebert Terra C. , Maslakova Svetlana A.
Published: March 2021

The genus Carinina Hubrecht, 1885 has long been considered the most ‘archaic’ nemertean taxon because its members are distinguished by the basiepidermal position of the brain and lateral nerve cords, characters thought to be plesiomorphic for the phylum. Here we describe two new species, Carinina yushini sp. nov. from the Sea of Japan (Russia) and C. chocolata sp. nov. from the north-east Pacific (Oregon, USA), distinguished by brown body colour. A phylogenetic analysis based on partial sequences of five nuclear and mitochondrial gene regions, 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, histone H3, 16S rRNA and COI, confirms the monophyly of Carinina (Family Carininidae), and points to a close relationship to Carinoma (Family Carinomidae). The two groups together form a sister clade to the rest of the palaeonemerteans (Family Tubulanidae + Family Cephalotrichidae s.l.). Carinina plecta most likely belongs to the Tubulanidae. A morphological synapomorphy of the clade Carininidae + Carinomidae is a larva with a single midventral eye (in contrast to eyeless larvae of the Tubulanidae and two-eyed larvae of the Cephalotrichidae). Our phylogenetic analysis suggests that the basiepidermal position of the central nervous system is an autapomorphy of Carininidae (and, independently, C. plecta), rather than a plesiomorphy of the phylum Nemertea or the class Palaeonemertea, emphasising that the genus Carinina is no more archaic than any other palaeonemertean genus.
A new family and two new genera of calcaxonian octocoral, including a redescription of
Authors: Cairns Stephen D. , Cordeiro Ralf T. S. , Xu Yu , Zhan Zifeng , Alderslade Philip
Published: March 2021

Golden corals (chrysogorgiids sensu lato) are conspicuous components in deep-sea gorgonian assemblages. Although common, their taxonomy still conflicts with evolutionary histories, mostly due to low character availability and poor taxonomic knowledge. This is the case for the genus Pleurogorgia, which has been frequently reported in ROV surveys, dominating hard-bottoms throughout the Indo-Pacific. Herein, molecular phylogenetic reconstructions based on mitochondrial and nuclear datasets, and examination of new and old type material led us to suggest new systematic arrangements for some of the genera. We create a new genus, Ramuligorgia, to accommodate Pleurogorgia militaris, redescribing it as Ramuligorgia militaris comb. nov. within the family Chrysogorgiidae sensu stricto. Additionally, we describe Aurogorgia tasmaniensis gen. nov. et sp. nov., including it and the type species, Pleurogorgia plana, within Pleurogorgiidae fam. nov.
Forest fire smoke detection under complex backgrounds using TRPCA and TSVB
Authors: Qiang Xiaohu , Zhou Guoxiong , Chen Aibin , Zhang Xin , Zhang Wenzhuo
Published: March 2021

It is difficult to detect forest fires in complex backgrounds owing to the many interfering factors in forest fire smoke. In this paper, a novel method that combines Time Domain Robust Principal Component Analysis (TRPCA) and a Two-Stream Composed of Visual Geometry Group Network (VGG) and Bi-Long Short-Term Memory (BLSTM) (TSVB) model is proposed for forest fire smoke detection. First, features are extracted from the smoke video from the spatial stream (static) and time stream (dynamic). For the spatial stream, static features are extracted from a single-frame image of the smoke video using the VGG network. For the time stream, continuous-frame binary images of the smoke are obtained using the TRPCA algorithm. Then, the dynamic features of the smoke are extracted by VGG and BLSTM. Finally, the static and dynamic features are fused using a concatenate function to achieve forest fire smoke detection. The experimental results show that compared with the single-feature model, the proposed method effectively improves learning ability and prediction ability, and shows strong robustness against interference factors in a complex background, with accuracy of forest fire smoke detection reaching 90.6%.
Cancer-specific loss of
TERT
activation sensitizes glioblastoma to DNA damage
Authors: Amen Alexandra M. , Fellmann Christof , Soczek Katarzyna M. , Ren Shawn M. , Lew Rachel J. , Knott Gavin J. , Park Jesslyn E. , McKinney Andrew M. , Mancini Andrew , Doudna Jennifer A. , Costello Joseph F.
Published: March 2021

Significance

Glioblastoma is a highly lethal form of brain cancer with no current treatment options that substantially improve patient outcomes. A key therapeutic challenge is the identification of methods that reduce tumor burden while leaving normal cells unaffected. We show that
TERT
-promoter mutations, common in glioblastoma, lead to
TERT
reactivation through increased binding of GABPB1L-isoform–containing transcription factor complexes. In turn, we find that cancer-cell–specific inhibition of
TERT
through GABPB1L reduction results in near-term anti-growth effects and an impaired DNA damage response that profoundly increase the sensitivity of glioblastoma tumors to frontline chemotherapy. Our results thus provide rationale for GABPB1L inhibition combined with temozolomide chemotherapy treatment as a promising therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma.
Evidence of ideal excitonic insulator in bulk MoS
2
under pressure
Authors: Ataei S. Samaneh , Varsano Daniele , Molinari Elisa , Rontani Massimo
Published: March 2021

Significance

We claim that

M
o
S

2

under pressure becomes the long-sought “excitonic insulator” (EI). This is a permanent condensate of excitons, electron–hole pairs bound by Coulomb interaction, which form in the absence of optical excitation. A surge of experimental claims has recently addressed layered materials, because of reduced Coulomb screening. However, the transition to the putative EI is ubiquitously accompanied by the softening of a phonon inducing a structural change; therefore it remains unclear whether the observed phase is excitonic or instead stabilized by electron–phonon interaction. Our calculations show that

M
o
S

2

for a range of applied pressure is unstable against the generation of excitons but stable against lattice distortion: We predict that the EI is an antiferroelectric, electronic density wave.