bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Topical issues of the calculation of residual service life
Authors: Евтушенко Сергей , Evtushenko Sergey , Крахмальный Тимофей , Krakhmalnyy Timofey , Крахмальная Марина , Krakhmalnaya Marina
Published: March 2016

Authors reflected the historical background of an assessment

of a residual resource of bridge constructions, and also values

of coefficients of the importance of construction designs of a bridge

construction received by authors by results of calculation.
Basic Types of Modern Modifiers for Cast Iron and Steel
Authors: Давыдов С. , Davydov S.
Published: March 2016

The basic industrial groups of modifiers for cast iron and steel are considered, their chemistry from the standpoint of modification effectiveness is analyzed, tendencies of development and application of modifiers for manufacturing qualitative foundries are revealed.
Reduction of temperature-power stress in cutting process using leading plastic forming
Authors: Полянчиков Ю. , Polyanchikov Yu. , Отений Я. , Oteny Ya. , Бондарев А. , Bondarev A. , Крайнев Д. , Krainev D.
Published: March 2016

The complex investigation of phenomena accompanying structural carbon and alloyed steel cutting with leading plastic forming (LPF) of the surface machined is carried out. The reduction of cutting force, cutting temperature, chips shrinkage, mean micro-hardness in a contact area at the use of the LPF is established experimentally.
M.M. Rubinstein’s Philosophy of the Individual in the Overall Humanitarian Context of the 20–30s of the XX Century on the Example of the Work «On the Meaning of Life»
Authors: Колесниченко  , Kolesnichenko Yu.
Published: March 2016

The article presents an experience research of little-known

concept of the personality of the philosopher of the twentieth

century M.M. Rubinstein. An attempt was made to correlate the

meaning of his concept of the centers with the overall development

trend of domestic philosophical knowledge of 20–30s of the XX

century. Using the synchronic and diachronic approaches to the

study of the problem, the hermeneutic and analytical research

methods, the author defines terminology borders of ontognoseology,

socio-philosophical and psychological interpretations of the

concept of the person as a fundamental philosophical category.
Optimal Pricing for a Multinomial Logit Choice Model with Network Effects
Authors: Du Chenhao , Cooper William L. , Wang Zizhuo
Published: March 2016

We consider a seller’s problem of determining revenue-maximizing prices for an assortment of products that exhibit network effects. Customers make purchase decisions according to a multinomial logit choice model, modified—to incorporate network effects—so that the utility each individual customer gains from purchasing a particular product depends on the market’s total consumption of that product. In the setting of homogeneous products, we show that if the network effect is comparatively weak, then the optimal pricing decision of the seller is to set identical prices for all products. However, if the network effect is strong, then the optimal pricing decision is to set the price of one product low and to set the prices of all other products to a single high value. This boosts the sales of the single low-price product in comparison to the sales of all other products. We also obtain comparative statics results that describe how optimal prices and sales levels vary with a parameter that determines the strength of the network effects. We extend our analysis to settings with heterogeneous products and establish that optimal solutions have a structure similar to that found in the homogeneous case: either maintain a semblance of balance among all products or boost the sales of just one product. Based on this structure, we propose an effective computational algorithm for such general heterogeneous settings.
Latest clinical research
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: March 2016

Mark Greener presents key studies published in healthcare journals
Polycystic kidney disease: improving the wellbeing of patients and families
Authors: Borrows Sarah
Published: March 2016

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is the most common and severe form of polycystic kidney disease. Although patients may display similar symptoms, the management of each individual will pose different challenges for the renal nurse. A hoslitic approach and understanding, argues Sarah Borrows, is vital to improve the wellbeing of patients and families.
Renal Pharmacy Group continues to support pharmacists in kidney care
Authors: Ashley Caroline , Shaw Sue
Published: March 2016

To promote collaborative work between kidney care professionals in the multidisciplinary team, the British Renal Society has a number of affiliate groups. One such group is the UK Renal Pharmacy Group (RPG). In this column, the RPG's chair, Caroline Ashley, and the lead for research and development, Sue Shaw, discuss recent and ongoing projects in renal pharmacy.
The Tidewater Z-Degree and the INTRO Model for Sustaining OER Adoption
Authors: Wiley David , Williams Linda , DeMarte Daniel , Hilton John
Published: March 2016

A growing body of research confirms the financial and academic benefits that accrue to students whose faculty adopt open educational resources, or OER. While there are no content licensing costs associated with using OER, there are several real costs that must be incurred by an institution that chooses to support its faculty in adopting OER. The Z-Degree initiative at Tidewater Community College utilizes only OER for the 21 courses, providing a pathway for students to earn an associate of science degree in business administration without ever buying a textbook. The authors introduce and illustrate the INTRO (INcreased Tuition Revenue through OER) model for sustaining the provision of OER adoption services. The adoption of OER as part of the Z-Degree decreases drop rates among Tidewater students, allowing the institution to retain tuition revenue it would otherwise have refunded. This retained revenue provides a renewable source of funds to sustainably support the adoption of OER.
Tempo, magnitude e o mito do cinema moderno
Authors: Nagib Lúcia
Published: March 2016

Este texto aborda três filmes ambientados em Portugal, cujas locações oferecem uma visão privilegiada da função do tempo e da magnitude no cinema, os quais, por sua vez, permitem reavaliar as categorias de clássico, moderno e pós-moderno aplicadas a esse meio. Trata-se de O estado das coisas (Der Stand der Dinge, Wim Wenders, 1982), Terra estrangeira (Walter Salles e Daniela Thomas, 1995) e Mistérios de Lisboa (Raúl Ruiz, 2010). Neles, a cidade se compõe de círculos viciosos, espelhos, réplicas e mise-en-abyme que interrompem o movimento vertiginoso característico da cidade modernista do cinema dos anos 20. Curiosamente, é também o lugar em que a assim chamada estética pós-moderna finalmente encontra abrigo em contos auto-irônicos que expõem as insuficiências dos mecanismos narrativos no cinema. Para compensá-las, recorre-se a procedimentos de intermídia, tais como fotografias de Polaroid em O estado das coisas ou um teatro de papelão em Mistérios de Lisboa, que transformam uma realidade incomensurável em miniaturas fáceis de enquadrar e manipular. O real assim diminuído, no entanto, se revela um simulacro decepcionante, um ersatz da memória que evidencia o caráter ilusório da teleologia cosmopolita.
DOC'S KINGDOM 2013: Resistência de uma ilha
Authors: Cayuela Pablo
Published: March 2016

Artigo sobre o Doc’s Kingdom 2013: Ideia de uma Ilha. Seminário Internacional sobre Cinema Documental (Faial, Pico — Açores, Portugal), 15-20 de setembro de 2013.
Mysteries of Lisbon: Story and Structure
Authors: Deutelbaum Marshall
Published: March 2016

This essay analyzes the structure of Mysteries of Lisbon by reconstructing its story in chronological sequence and by examining how in place of the single character striving to achieve a goal or solve a puzzle as one would expect to discover at the heart of the typical classical Hollywood film, Mysteries of Lisbon employs an unusual, echoing structure between the film’s two parts that tightly interrelates the actions of multiple characters who appear otherwise to be related merely by apparent coincidence.
O Cineclube Antônio das Mortes e sua produção de filmes independentes
Authors: Campos Marina da Costa
Published: March 2016

Este artigo tem o objetivo de discutir a produção de filmes experimentais realizados pelo Cineclube Antônio das Mortes na década de 1980, em Goiânia, a partir do termo “cinema independente”. Por este trabalho ser ainda um estudo inicial, pretende-se, por meio do estudo das discussões sobre o “cinema independente” na história do cinema brasileiro, desde o final da década de 1940 até 1980, lançar alguns apontamentos na tentativa de compreender em que medida a produção cinematográfica goiana aproxima-se ou se distancia das diferentes concepções que o termo adquiriu ao longo das décadas.
The Persistence of Hollywood
Authors: Graça André Rui
Published: March 2016

Recensão crítica do livro The Persistence of Hollywood, de Thomas Elsaesser (2012).
O desafio de levar filmes africanos ao público africano
Authors: Koide Emi
Published: March 2016

Texto crítico sobre a 7a edição do Festival Lagunimages em Cotonou (Benim) e sobre o particularidade e dificuldades da difusão do cinema africano ao grande público do próprio continente.
Art for the Apocalypse: Sculpture by Frink in Losey’s The Damned
Authors: Felleman Susan
Published: March 2016

Blacklisted and exiled, American director Joseph Losey finished The Damned in England in 1961 but Hammer Films did not release it until 1963 (then with severe cuts) and it wasn’t seen until 1965 in the U.S., further changed and retitled These Are the Damned. Adapted by Evan Jones from The Children of Light, a novel by H.L. Lawrence, The Damned is a strange hybrid of science fiction, horror and social commentary that in some ways anticipates by a decade Kubrick’s A Clockwork Orange. Beautifully photographed in black-and-white on location in Weymouth, it brings a mysterious American stranger (Macdonald Carey)—perhaps a fugitive—into a violent confrontation with a gang of Teddy Boys and ultimately into a deadly, dystopic government experiment with radioactive children. Among the film’s considerable changes to Lawrence’s narrative was the addition of a major character: a sculptor, whose cliff-top studio is a vivid and key location and whose works function as visual omens of a social and technological apocalypse to come. Freya Neilson (Viveca Lindfors) was conceived expressly to employ the work of sculptor Elisabeth Frink (1930-1993), whose scarred, distressed figural works of the period included anthropomorphic birds, winged men, fallen men, horse heads and other morbid ciphers of existential dread. In the film these works of plaster and bronze embody the age of anxiety even as they represent art as a redemptive alternative to the cold-bloodedness of both lowbrow Teddy Boy (Oliver Reed) and highbrow Government scientist (Alexander Knox). Associated with the postwar structure of feeling that Herbert Read characterized as “the geometry of fear,” Frink’s work performs a major role in The Damned, giving form to psychosocial ills and fears of the postwar generation.
Attention, please. Negotiating Concentration and Distraction around 1970
Authors: Pantenburg Volker
Published: March 2016

As has often been pointed out, museums and galleries have come to accommodate an ever growing number of moving image artworks in the past two decades. Contrasting the viewing conditions of conventional cinema and exhibition spaces, commentators have tended to emphasize the spatial parameters of installation works that allow the visitor to stroll freely, while spectatorship in the film-theatre traditionally means being fixed to your seat. This article suggests a reevaluation of this constellation by focusing on the different temporal protocols and regimes that the movie theater and exhibition spaces imply. Building on an essay by Georg Simmel and Peter Osborne’s concept of “distracted reception”, art exhibitions are characterized as places that confront the visitor with a multitude of options and synchronous stimuli, whereas the architecture of the film-theater provides, as Hollis Frampton claimed in 1968, “the only place left in our culture intended entirely for concentrated exercise of one, or at most two, of our senses”. Revisiting one of the canonical moments in the prehistory of “Artists’ Film”, the article investigates the early 1970s when Expanded Cinema and Structural Film suggested new answers to the question of concentration and distraction.
Thoughts on cinema: An Interview with Jia Zhang-ke
Authors: Mello Cecília
Published: March 2016

Interview with Chinese director Jia Zhang-ke, recorded in Beijing, in July 19, 2013.
Notas para a Respiração de um Novo Futuro: Uma Leitura de 'Cinema Português: Um Guia Essencial'
Authors: Martins Adriana
Published: March 2016

Recensão crítica do livro Cinema Português: Um Guia Essencial, organizado por Paulo Cunha & Michelle Sales (2013).
Molecular Detection of PCV2 And PPV in Pigs in Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Lukač Bojan , Knežević Aleksandra , Milić Nenad , Krnjaić Dejan , Veljović Ljubiša , Milićević Vesna , Zorić Andrea , Đurić Spomenka , Stanojević Maja , Nišavić Jakov
Published: March 2016

The presence of porcine circovirus 2 and porcine parvovirus was examined in forty clinical samples of spleen, lymph nodes and lungs originating from non-vaccinated swine by polymerase chain reaction. All animals were reared in extensive livestock farming systems in different geographical districts of Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Porcine circovirus 2 DNA was detected in four lymph node and two spleen samples (15%), while porcine parvovirus DNA was identified in five lymph node samples (12.5%). The presence of both viruses was detected in three lymph node samples (7.5%). Partial nucleotide sequence of ORF1 gene of 2 porcine circovirus 2 and VP2 gene of 2 porcine parvovirus isolates was determined. The nucleotide sequences of two PCV2 isolates from RS-BIH included in phylogenetic typing are similar and cluster together with the strain Mantova isolated from domestic pigs in Italy, strains DE006-14 and DE222-13 isolated from pigs in Germany as well as with the strain Jvnan isolated from pigs in China. Also, analyzed PCV2 isolates were partially similar to the strain NIV-C SRB isolated from pigs in Serbia. The nucleotide sequences of two PPV isolates that were included in phylogenetic typing showed a high level of similarity with the strain Challenge isolated from pigs in UK, strain Kresse isolated from pigs in USA and strains 77 and LZ isolated from pigs in China.
Post-Mortem Estimation of Time of Death of Dogs Based on Measurements of Kidney Temperature in Comparison with Rectal Temperature
Authors: Listos Piotr , Gryzinska Magdalena , Piorkowski Jacek , Teresinski Grzegorz , Buszewicz Grzegorz , Chagowski Wojciech , Nozdrynplotnicki Zbigniew , Lopuszynski Wojciech
Published: March 2016

The subject of the study were dogs divided into two groups according to body weight: up to 10 kg and from 10 kg to 30 kg. The aim of the study was to determine the dynamics of the post-mortem decrease in rectal and kidney temperature. The temperature was measured on both sites at the same time using a thermometer connected to a computer, under constant environmental conditions of the necropsy room. In these animals, a higher temperature in the kidneys persisted for the duration of the study. Comparative analysis between mean differences in kidney and rectal temperature in small and large dogs showed the greatest temperature amplitude in the group of small dogs, both for the kidney and the rectum. The greatest decrease in temperature, 1.2°C, was noted for the kidney in small dogs between 4 and 6 hours after death. Analysis of the dynamics of the decrease in kidney and rectal temperature for both weight groups combined, and the difference in temperature between the kidney and the rectum in the time intervals analysed showed that in the first two hours the difference between kidney and rectal temperature did not exceed 0.5°C. Two hours after death the difference in temperature between the two measurement sites was about 0.5°C after which time dropped below 0.5ºC.
Microstructure of Commercial Purity Titanium Subjected to Complex Loading by the Kobo Method
Authors: Kawałko J. , Bieda M. , Sztwiertnia K.
Published: March 2016

Observations of refined microstructure of Commercial Purity titanium for applications in biomedical devices has been carried out. Refinement of titanium microstructure has been performed in process with complex strain scheme. Materials investigated in this work were: Commercial Purity titanium grade 2 and grade 4. Samples of as received materials were subjected to plastic deformation in complex loading process of extrusion combined with oscillation twisting (KoBo extrusion). Both types of samples were deformed in single step of extrusion, in temperature of 450 °C, with extrusion ratio 19.14 and 12.25 for grade 2 titanium and grade 4 titanium, respectively. Initial mean grain diameter for both types of materials was approximately 30 μm. Samples were investigated by means of crystal orientation microscopy. In both cases considerable microstructure refinement has been observed. Microstructures of deformed samples are heterogenous and consist of both elongated and fine equiaxed grains. Elongated grains (lamellae) are separated by High Angle Grain Boundaries and feature internal structure with subgrains and dislocation walls. Grain refinement is stronger in material with higher extrusion ratio and mean grain diameter in this case is equal to 1.48 μm compared to 8.07 μm. in material with lower extrusion ratio. Mean misorientation angle (24° and 27° for grade 4 and grade 2 titanium) indicates high fraction of HAGBs in microstructures of KoBo deformed samples. Misorientation fluctuations inside grains have been analyzed and distinct curvature of crystal lattice have been observed. Hardness of samples after plastic deformation increased from 174.6±3.4 and 234.9±3.5 to 205.0±3.2 and 251.2±2.2 for titanium grade 2 and grade 4 respectively.
Andrew Granato: A Memorial Tribute
Authors: Magalas L.B.
Published: March 2016

The following is the text in memory of the late Andy Granato, professor in physics and materials science.
Professor Qing-Ping Kong: Zener Medalist
Authors: Magalas L.B.
Published: March 2016

The following is the text of an oral presentation delivered at the Zener Medal Award ceremony in Hefei on 23 September 2015.
A New Inverted Torsion Pendulum-Based Mechanical Spectrometer to Study Soft Matter
Authors: Lei M.L. , Chen L. , Xiong X.M.
Published: March 2016

A new multifunctional mechanical spectrometer is developed based on an inverted torsion pendulum showing high precision in a wide frequency range to study soft matter. Apart from measuring the internal friction of solids it can also be used to study viscoelasticity. In this report we describe basic principles of the novel instrument.
The Influence of Mechanical, and Material Factors on the Biological Adaptation Processes of the Femoral Bone Implants
Authors: Jasik A. , Mroczek M.
Published: March 2016

The study covers some aspects of the issue of determination of mutual connections between the mechanical and material factors, as well the biological implant adaptation processes. The main objective of the operation was adopted to develop models of cementless hip prosthesis company Fitmore Zimmer, taking into account the heterogeneity of material properties of bone tissue. These models were loaded in particular stages of the human gate and then they were used for the analysis of stress changes. The identification of the relations between the mechanical properties of osseous tissue required the conducting of computer simulations by means of the Finite Element Method (FEM).
Effect of Al2O3 Ceramic Particles on Corrosion Behaviour and Tribological Properties of Nickel Composite Coatings
Authors: Nowak M. , Najder A. , Opyrchał M. , Boczkal S. , Żelechowski J. , Bigaj M. , Gawlik M.
Published: March 2016

The paper presents a study on corrosion behaviour and tribological properties of nickel composite coatings deposited by electrochemical method on aluminium alloy from 2xxx series (AlCu4MgSi). The nickel composite coatings were produced in a Watts bath of the following chemical composition: NiSO4·7H2O 150 g/l, NiCl2·6H2O 30 g/l, H3BO3 30 g/l with the addition of saccharin in an amount of 2 g/l. As hard ceramic dispersed particles embedded in the coating, alumina (Al2O3) was used in an amount of 12,5; 25; 50 and 75 g/l. Coatings were produced using cathodic current density of 6 A/dm2, bath temperature of 60°C, pH 4, and the time 60 minutes. The electroplating bath was stirred with a mechanical stirrer (350 rpm).

The results obtained were compared with a nickel coating deposited without the ceramic particles. It was found that the presence of Al2O3 increases the wear resistance of composite coatings, but does not significantly improve the corrosion properties.
The Influence of Process Parameters on Properties of Conversion Coatings Deposited on Titanium Alloy
Authors: Karaś M. , Bigaj M. , Najder A. , Nowak M.
Published: March 2016

The effect of process parameters of conversion coatings on the corrosion resistance was investigated. To produce anodic coatings, the solutions of H2SO4 of 0.5 and 1 M concentrations and current densities of 0.5 and 1 A/dm2 were applied. The coatings were deposited by galvanostatic technique on titanium Grade 1. The result of the study was comparison of the corrosion resistance of coatings produced under varying parameters such as: the anodic current density, the electrolyte concentration, and the speed of reaching the preset voltage. Corrosion tests performed by potentiodynamic polarization test have shown that even nanometric anodic films of amorphous structure improve the corrosion resistance of titanium alloy. The lowest corrosion current and the corrosion potential of the most cathodic nature were observed in the sample with anodic coating produced at J = 1 A/dm2 in a 0.5 M H2SO4 electrolyte concentration.
Analysis of Manufacturing Bimetallic Tubes by the Cold Drawing Process
Authors: Halaczek D.
Published: March 2016

Drawing processes apply to obtain the bimetallic tubes from the different metals and alloys, combined in the solid state, which significantly affects the specificity of this process. The manufacturing of bimetallic tubes by drawing process depends on many factors which include: preparation of the surface of materials joined in the solid state, the geometric parameters of the working tool, technological parameters of the drawing process (drawing speed, type of lubricant, the use of back pull etc.). Generally, the cold drawing process of producing the bimetallic tubes refers to metals which have high ductility (copper, aluminum, etc.). The tube sinking (tube drawing without a mandrel) of bimetallic tubes together with joining them at the interface of the two metal in the solid-state is applied for tubes of the diameter range between 6 to 20 mm and based on of the reducing the diameter of the tube. However, a slight increase of wall thickness ca. 0.05 ÷ 0.10 mm can appear, which is not dangerous phenomenon in case of producing the bimetallic tubes by joining in the solid-state. The aim of the research was to investigate the technology of tubes drawing process from non-ferrous metal, drawing process of bimetallic tubes and the production of bimetallic tubes in layers composition: cooper Cu-ETP - brass CuZn37 and CuZn37 brass - copper Cu-ETP in the tube sinking process. The research program included: production of bimetallic tubes with a different composition (Cu- ETP-CuZn37 and CuZn37-Cu-ETP) and a different percentage of the cross-section components; analysis of changes of tube wall thickness and the layer composition of the bimetallic tube, based on measurements on the workshop microscope; analysis of the material flow in the process of the bimetallic tubes production based on the measurements results of a profilograph CP-200.
Comparison the Physico-Chemical Model of Ferrosilicon Smelting Process with Results Observations of the Process under the Industrial Conditions
Authors: Machulec B. , Bialik W.
Published: March 2016

Based on the minimum Gibbs Free Enthalpy algorithm (FEM), model of the ferrosilicon smelting process has been presented. It is a system of two closed isothermal reactors: an upper one with a lower temperature T1, and a lower one with a higher temperature T2. Between the reactors and the environment as well as between the reactors inside the system, a periodical exchange of mass occurs at the moments when the equilibrium state is reached. The condensed products of chemical reactions move from the top to the bottom, and the gas phase components move in the opposite direction. It can be assumed that in the model, the Reactor 1 corresponds to the charge zone of submerged arc furnace where heat is released as a result of resistive heating, and the Reactor 2 corresponds to the zones of the furnace where heat is produced by electric arc. Using the model, a series of calculations was performed for the Fe-Si-O-C system and was determined the influence of temperatures T1, T2 on the process. The calculation results show a good agreement model with the real ferrosilicon process. It allows for the determination of the effects of temperature conditions in charge zones and arc zones of the ferrosilicon furnace on the carbothermic silica reduction process. This allows for an explanation of many characteristic states in the ferrosilicon smelting process.
Strategy of Cooling Parameters Selection in the Continuous Casting of Steel
Authors: Falkus J. , Miłkowska-Piszczek K.
Published: March 2016

This paper presents a strategy of the cooling parameters selection in the process of continuous steel casting. Industrial tests were performed at a slab casting machine at the Arcelor Mittal Poland Unit in Krakow. The tests covered 55 heats for 7 various steel grades. Based on the existing casting technology a numerical model of the continuous steel casting process was formulated. The numerical calculations were performed for three casting speeds - 0.6, 0.8 and 1 m min-1. An algorithm was presented that allows us to compute the values of the heat transfer coefficients for the secondary cooling zone. The correctness of the cooling parameter strategy was evaluated by inspecting the shell thickness, the length of the liquid core and the strand surface temperature. The ProCAST software package was used to construct the numerical model of continuous casting of steel.
The Influence of Aluminum on the Microstructure and Hardness of Mg-5Si-7Sn Alloy
Authors: Rzychoń T. , Dybowski B.
Published: March 2016

Magnesium alloys due the low density and good mechanical properties are mainly used in the automotive and aerospace industry. In recent years, magnesium alloys are extensively developed for use in high temperatures (above 120°C). Among these alloys, magnesium alloys containing tin and silicon have large possibilities of application due to the formation of thermally stable intermetallic Mg2Sn and Mg2Si. In this paper the influence of aluminum and heat treatment on the on the microstructure and hardness of Mg-7Sn-5Si alloy is reported. It was found that the microstructure of Mg-7Sn-5Si alloy consist of α-Mg solid solution, Mg2Sn and Mg2Si compounds. Addition of 2 wt% of Al to Mg-7Sn-5Si alloy causes the formation of Al2Sn phase. Moreover, Al dissolves in the α-Mg solid solution. The solution heat-treatment of tested alloys at 500°C for 24 h causes the dissolve the Mg2Sn phase in the α-Mg matrix and spheroidization of Mg2Si compound. The Mg2Si primary crystals are stable at solution temperature. After ageing treatment the precipitation process of equilibrium Mg2Sn phase was found in both alloys. The addition of aluminum has a positive effect on the hardness of Mg-7Sn-5Si alloy. In case of Mg-5Si-7Sn-2Al alloy the highest hardness was obtained for sample aged for 148 h at 250°C (88 HV2), while in case of Al-free alloy the highest hardness is 70 HV for material aged for 148 h at 250°C.
Biharmonic Equations Under Dirichlet Boundary Conditions with Supercritical Growth
Authors: Ben Omrane Hanen , Ghedamsi Mouna , Khenissy Saïma
Published: March 2016

We prove nonexistence and uniqueness results of solutions for biharmonic equations under the Dirichlet boundary conditions on a smooth bounded domain. We carry on the work in [10] where the Navier boundary conditions were considered, we define the h-starlikeness of Ω with respect to the Dirichlet boundary conditions and a classifying number

M
*

⁢

(
Ω
)

${M^{*}(\Omega)}$

. This allows us to give a generalized critical exponent for these domains which play the role of the classical critical exponent

N
+
4

N
-
4

${\frac{N+4}{N-4}}$

. Our approach is based on the Rellich–Pohozaev type identity [20, 23]. We study some examples of Dirichlet h-starlike domains with either rich topology or rich geometry where our results can apply.
Experimental Analysis of the Tensile Properties of Painting Canvas
Authors: Penava Željko , Penava Diana Šimić , Tkalec Marijana
Published: March 2016

In this paper, the practical application of uniaxial testing of painting canvas for determining its mechanical properties is presented. Painting canvases have a complex composite structure whose mechanical properties are considerably improved in relation with the initial basic material. Painting canvas or coated fabrics are obtained by applying a certain number of coatings to raw fabrics. Experimental testing and determining mechanical properties of painting canvas under tensile force at different angles in relation to the weft direction are discussed in the paper. The fabrics were tested before coating, as well as after one, two and three coatings. The values of tensile force in relation to relative extension of coated textiles were measured, as well as breaking force values, elongation at break, contraction at break, work to rupture. Based on the experimentally obtained values, modulus of elasticity, Poisson’s ratio and the level of anisotropy of the coated textile materials were calculated. The experimental results demonstrate the applicability of theoretical formulae. The number of coated layers on the raw fabric exerts a significant impact on the Poisson’s ratio. The values of breaking force, elongation at break, work to rupture and modulus of elasticity increase with an increase in the number of coated layers, and at the same time coefficient of anisotropy decrease. It has been shown that by increasing the number of coated layers in a coated material, its anisotropic properties decrease, while isotropic properties increase. With an increase in the number of coatings, the differences between experimental and theoretical values of modulus of elasticity decrease.
Modelling the Effect of Weave Structure and Fabric Thread Density on Mechanical and Comfort Properties of Woven Fabrics
Authors: Maqsood Muhammad , Nawab Yasir , Shaker Khubab , Umair Muhammad , Ashraf Munir , Baitab Danish Mahmood , Hamdani Syed Talha Ali , Shahid Salma
Published: March 2016

The paper investigates the effects of weave structure and fabric thread density on the comfort and mechanical properties of various test fabrics woven from polyester/cotton yarns. Three different weave structures, that is, 1/1 plain, 2/1 twill and 3/1 twill, and three different fabric densities were taken as input variables whereas air permeability, overall moisture management capacity, tensile strength and tear strength of fabrics were taken as response variables and a comparison is made of the effect of weave structure and fabric density on the response variables. The results of fabric samples were analysed in Minitab statistical software. The coefficients of determinations (R-sq values) of the regression equations show a good predictive ability of the developed statistical models. The findings of the study may be helpful in deciding appropriate manufacturing specifications of woven fabrics to attain specific comfort and mechanical properties.
Numerical Optimisation of Thickness of Composite Bonnet for Neonates
Authors: Korycki Ryszard , Krucińska Izabella
Published: March 2016

Head is the most sensitive body part of neonate. Head that is considerably uncovered causes the significant heat and moisture loss from the skin to the surrounding areas. The main goal is to optimise the thickness of a multilayer composite textile bonnet to secure the optimal skin parameters. Problem is solved using both sensitivity analysis and material derivative concept. An arbitrary objective functional is introduced, its first-order sensitivity is formulated by means of a direct approach. Numerical application is the thickness optimisation of a composite bonnet made of different textile materials.
Relationship between the Physical Properties and Hand of Jean Fabric
Authors: Kawamura Atsushi , Zhu Chunhong , Peiffer Julie , Kim KyoungOk , Li Yi , Takatera Masayuki
Published: March 2016

We investigated the distinctive characteristics of jean fabrics (denim fabrics obtained from jeans) and compared the physical properties and the hand. We used 13 kinds of jean fabric from commercial jeans and 26 other fabric types. The physical properties were measured using the Kawabata evaluation system, and the fabric hand was evaluated by 20 subjects using a semantic differential method. To characterise the hand of jean fabrics compared with other fabrics, we used principal component analysis and obtained three principal components. We found that jean fabrics were characterised by the second principal component, which was affected by feelings of thickness and weight. We further characterised the jean fabrics according to ‘softness & smoothness’ and ‘non-fullness’, depending on country of origin and type of manufacturer. The three principal components were analysed using multiple linear regression to characterise the components according to the physical properties. We explained the hand of fabrics including jean fabrics using its association with physical properties.
Chemical characterization of the bark ofEucalyptus urophyllahybrids in view of their valorization in biorefineries
Authors: Sartori Caroline , da Silva Mota Graciene , Ferreira Joana , Miranda Isabel , Mori Fábio Akira , Pereira Helena
Published: March 2016

Eucalyptus urophyllahybrids are important raw materials for the forest industry in Brazil, and large quantities of barks are available at mill site that may be used for added-value products. The chemical composition of barks of six commercial hybrids clones ofE. urophylla×E. grandis,E. urophylla×E. Camaldulensis, and undisclosedE. urophyllahybrids was studied. The hybrids had similar composition, on average (data based on oven dry bark): 16% extractives, mainly corresponding to polar compounds that are soluble in ethanol and water, 19% lignin, 47% polysaccharides, 1% suberin, and 2% ash. The polysaccharides consists mainly of cellulose as indicated by 84% of total neutral monosaccharides in the acid hydrolysate and 10% xylose. The compositions of the lipophilic extracts was determined by GC-MS before and after alkaline hydrolysis. In all the barks, fatty acids, and triterpenes (namely: betulinic and ursolic acids) were the most abundant compounds followed by smaller amounts of sterols, long-chain aliphatic alcohols, phenolic acids, and acylglycerols. The ethanol-water bark extract had a high phenolic content: total phenolics ranged 211–551 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) g-1of extract, tannins 76–184 mg catechin equivalents (CE) g-1extract, and flavonoids 98–234 mg CE g-1of extract. The antioxidant activity corresponds to 338 mg Trolox g-1of extract. Development of high-value products is proposed through an integrated biorefinery approach including valorisation of extractives and targeting for cellulose-based applications.
Effect of Proeutectoid Ferrite Morphology on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Hot Rolled 60Si2MnA Spring Steel
Authors: Yang Hu , Wei-qing Chen , Huai-bin Han , Rui-juan Bai
Published: March 2016

The hot rolled 60Si2MnA spring steel was transformed to obtain different proeutectoid ferrite morphologies by different cooling rates after finish rolling through dynamic thermal simulation test. The coexistence relationship between proeutectoid ferrite and pearlite, and the effect of proeutectoid ferrite morphology on mechanical properties were systematically investigated. Results showed that the reticular proeutectoid ferrite could be formed by the cooling rates of 0.5–2 °C/s; the small, dispersed and blocky proeutectoid ferrite could be formed by the increased cooling rates of 3–5 °C/s; and the bulk content of proeutectoid ferrite decreased. The pearlitic colony and interlamellar spacing also decreased, the reciprocal of them both followed a linear relationship with the reciprocal of proeutectoid ferrite bulk content. Besides, the tensile strength, percentage of area reduction, impact energy and microhardness increased, which all follow a Hall–Petch-type relationship with the inverse of square root of proeutectoid ferrite bulk content. The fracture morphologies of tensile and impact tests transformed from intergranular fracture to cleavage and dimple fracture, and the strength and plasticity of spring steel were both improved. The results have been explained on the basis of proeutectoid ferrite morphologies–microstructures–mechanical properties relationship effectively.
Relationships of Image Texture Properties with Chewing Activity and Mechanical Properties during Mastication of Bread
Authors: Mao Qian , Sun Yonghai , Hou Jumin , Yu Libo , Liu Yang , Liu Chao , Xu Na
Published: March 2016

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships of image texture properties with chewing behaviors, and mechanical properties during mastication of bread. Gray-level gradient co-occurrence matrix (GGCM) was used to process the images of boluses. The chewing behaviors were recorded by electromyography (EMG), and the mechanical properties were measured by texture analyzer. The results showed that among the texture features, the inverse difference moment (IDMGGCM) was selected as the main parameter to describe the decomposition of boluses. IDMGGCM was positively related to the weight gain (r = 0.865, p < 0.01), negatively correlated with hardness (r = –0.835, p <0.01) and EMG activity per cycle (r = –0.767, p < 0.01). GGCM is an effective texture analysis method that could correctly identify 70.1–80.8 % of food bolus images to the corresponding chewing cycles. This study provided a new clue for texture analysis of bread bolus images and offered data revealing the bolus property changes during the mastication of bread.
Joint Intentionality
Authors: Koreň Ladislav
Published: March 2016

According to the shared intentionality hypothesis proposed by Michael Tomasello, two cognitive upgrades – joint and collective intentionality, respectively – make human thinking unique. Joint intentionality, in particular, is a mindset supposed to account for our early, species-specific capacity to participate in collaborative activities involving two (or a few) agents. In order to elucidate such activities and their proximate cognitive-motivational mechanism, Tomasello draws on philosophical accounts of shared intentionality. I argue that his deference to such cognitively demanding accounts of shared intentional activities is problematic if his theoretical ambition is in part to show that and how early (prelinguistic and precultural) capacities for joint action contribute to the development of higher cognitive capacities.
A History of Emerging Modes?
Authors: Schmitz Michael
Published: March 2016

In this paper I first introduce Tomasello’s notion of thought and his account of its emergence and development through differentiation, arguing that it calls into question the theory bias of the philosophical tradition on thought as well as its frequent atomism. I then raise some worries that he may be overextending the concept of thought, arguing that we should recognize an area of intentionality intermediate between action and perception on the one hand and thought on the other. After that I argue that the co-operative nature of humans is reflected in the very structure of their intentionality and thought: in co-operative modes such as the mode of joint attention and action and the we-mode, they experience and represent others as co-subjects of joint relations to situations in the world rather than as mere objects. In conclusion, I briefly comment on what Tomasello refers to as one of two big open questions in the theory of collective intentionality, namely that of the irreducibility of jointness.
Précis of The Ant Trap
Authors: Epstein Brian
Published: March 2016

This article summarizes The Ant Trap: Rebuilding the Foundations of the Social Sciences. The book develops a new model for social ontology, applies it to groups and collective intentionality, and criticizes various forms of individualism. Part One of the book presents two traditional approaches to social ontology and unifies them into the “grounding–anchoring model” for the building of the social world. Part Two shows that individualism is mistaken even for basic facts about groups of people, challenges prevailing views of group intention and action, and illustrates how to approach facts about groups in general.
Operation corrosion test of austenitic steel bends for supercritical coal boilers
Authors: Cizner J. , Hruška J. , Mlnařík J.
Published: March 2016

Corrosion tests of both annealed and not annealed bends of HR3C and S304H steels in operation conditions of black and brown coal combustion boilers in EPRU and EDE. After a long-term exposure, the samples were assessed gravimetrically and metallographically. The comparison of annealed and unannealed states showed higher corrosion rates in the annealed state; corrosion of the sample surface did not essentially differ for compression and tensile parts of the beams. Detailed assessment of both steels is described in detail in this study.
Smooth Tracking Trajectory Generation of Large Antenna
Authors: Upnere S. , Jekabsons N. , Locans U.
Published: March 2016

The current paper presents an engineering approach for studies of the control algorithm designed for a mechanically robust large antenna. Feed-forward control methods with the 3rd-order polynomial tracking algorithm are supplemented to the original feed-back PID control system. Dynamical model of the existing servo system of 32m radio telescope has been developed to widen a case analysis of observation sessions and efficiency of the control algorithms due to limited access to an antenna. Algorithms along with the results from the system implemented on a real antenna as well as model results are presented.
The Issue of Calculating the Final Temperature of the Products of Rapid Exothermic Chemical Reactions with Significant Energy Release in a Closed Volume
Authors: Lazarev V. , Geidmanis D.
Published: March 2016

The theoretical problem solved in this article is the calculation of thermodynamic parameters such as final temperature, distribution of the liquid and dry saturated vapour phases of the substance that are considered to be in thermodynamic equilibrium, and pressure of the system of several reaction products after adding to the system a certain amount of heat or the thermal effect released during rapid exothermic reaction in a closed volume that occurs so fast that it can be considered to be adiabatic, and when the volume of liquid reagents is several orders of magnitude less than the volume of the reactor. The general multi-substance problem is reduced to a theoretical problem for one substance of calculation thermodynamic parameters of system after adding a certain amount of heat that gives theoretically rigorous isochoric calculation. In this article, we substantiate our view that isochoric pass of calculation is more robust compared to seemingly more natural isobaric pass of calculation, if the later involves quite not trivial calculation of the adiabatic compression of a two-phase system (liquid – dry saturated vapour) that can pass itself into another kind of state (liquid – wet saturated vapour), which requires, apparently, more complex descriptions compared with isochoric calculation because the specific heat capacity of wet saturated vapour can be negative.

The solved theoretical problem relates to a practical problem that has been a driver for our research as part of a design of the reactor of the titanium reduction from magnesium and titanium tetrachloride supplied into atmosphere of the reactor at high temperatures when both reagents are in gaseous state. The reaction is known to be exothermic with a high thermal effect, and estimate of the final temperature and pressure of the products of reaction, for instance, designing the reactor allows eliminating the possibility of the reaction products to penetrate backwards into supply tracts of the reagents. Using a rigid theoretical approach and heuristics of thermodynamic parameters of reaction products available in the literature, we have presented a graphical dependence of final temperature, pressure ratio of the liquid and vapour state of titanium after the reaction on the initial temperature of the reactor and magnesium in the range of 1200–1800 °K while titanium tetrachloride is injected into reactor at its critical temperature.
Crystal structure of diethyl-3-methyl-4-phenylthieno[2,3-b]thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylate, C19H18O4S2
Authors: Mabkhot Yahia N. , Barakat Assem , Al-Showiman Salim S. , Frey Wolfgang , Uzzaman Shams , Ghabbour Hazem A.
Published: March 2016

C19H17.75O4.13S2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 7.1921(6) Å, b = 18.6304(14) Å, c = 13.3739(11) Å, β = 92.681(4)°, V = 1790.0(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0478, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.0913, T = 100 K.
Effect of different nickel soil contents on cock’s-foot yield and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents
Authors: Kuziemska Beata , Klej Paulina , Trębicka Joanna
Published: March 2016

This study assessed the influence of liming and waste organic materials on the yield and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents in cock’s-foot (Dactylis glomerata L.) grown on nickel-contaminated soil in the third year of a pot culture experiment. In the experiment, the following factors were taken into consideration: (1) nickel soil contamination (0, 75, 150 and 225 mg Ni·kg−1 of soil); (2) liming (0 Ca and Ca according to 1 Hh of soil) and (3) organic materials (no waste organic materials added, brown coal from a coal mine in Turów and rye straw). Introducing nickel into the soil, regardless of its amount, caused a significant decrease in the total yield of cock’s-foot and increased the nitrogen and potassium contents. Liming caused a significant increase in the yield of cock’s-foot and decrease its potassium content, but it did not clearly differentiate the nitrogen and phosphorus content. The used organic materials (straw and brown coal) caused a decrease in the phosphorus content in the grass biomass.
The Use of a Consumer Survey to Determine the Relevant Market – Case Study for public transport between Prague and Most
Authors: Kleinová Eliška
Published: March 2016

The aim of this paper is to define a relevant market in the passenger transportation industry for the route between Prague and Most. A rising number of bus companies operating on this particular market suggests competition pressures. On the basis of European Commission legislation and its common practice we apply a demand-side substitution analysis in the form of the so called SSNIP test. Data for the empirical analysis were collected by means of a customer survey, which captured reactions to a 10% increase in the price of purchased tickets. The survey outcomes were then used to calculate an own price elasticity of demand and to carry out a critical loss analysis in order to define the relevant market.