bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance Solid-Phase Extraction of Phthalates in Pharmaceutical Preparations
Authors: KÖSEOĞLU YILMAZ Pelin
Published: July 2019

Phthalates,
which are used as plasticizers to soften rough polymers in the industrial
processes, possess endocrine system disrupting activities. In this study, a hydrophilic-lipophilic
balance solid-phase extraction method was optimized for seven phthalates as
dimethyl, dipropyl, benzyl butyl, di-n-butyl, dicyclohexyl, di-(2-ethylhexyl)
and di-n-octyl phthalates in terms of the type and the volume of the
conditioning and elution solvents. The phthalates were quantified by a
validated HPLC/UV method. The recovery values were higher than 80% for
dimethyl, dipropyl, benzylbutyl, di-n-butyl and dicyclohexyl phthalates. Using
the optimized conditions three types of liquid pharmaceutical preparations as an
intravenous isotonic sodium chloride solution, an intravenous dextrose solution
and an osmotic laxative kept in polymeric packages were analyzed with high
accuracy, precision and recovery. Only the intravenous isotonic sodium chloride
solution was determined to be contaminated with dipropyl phthalate at a
concentration of 13.2 μg/L.
Análise das Emissões Eletromagnéticas em Conversores Chaveados em Regime Transitório
Authors: Ricobom Bruno P. , Junior João Américo V. , Bonfim Marlio José do C.
Published: July 2019

As atuais normas de emissões eletromagnéticas, como por exemplo as produzidas pelo comitê CISPR, realizam o ensaio de emissões radiadas de conversores chaveados somente em regime permanente de operação. Dessa forma, emissões eletromagnéticas geradas durante transitórios de partida ou desligamento desses conversores acabam não sendo submetidos a nenhum controle. Esses transitórios podem causar problemas de interferência eletromagnética, especialmente se os conversores em questão forem reatores eletrônicos de luminárias, que geralmente estão presentes em um grande número em um ambiente e sujeitos a vários ciclos diários de partida e desligamento. Para realizar essa analise faz-se necessário o desenvolvimento de uma técnica de medidas de emissões eletromagnéticas capaz de ser rápida o suficiente para detectar as emissões durante esses transitórios. Desse modo a captura dos sinais no domínio do tempo e a aplicação da transformada rápida de Fourier (FFT) com alguns processamentos adicionais, possibilitaram esse tipo de análise. Nesse trabalho serão demonstradas as ferramentas necessárias para a execução da análise de emissões eletromagnéticas radiadas, particularizando para o caso dos reatores eletrônicos de lâmpadas fluorescentes. Nos testes realizados com esses conversores, foram observadas emissões radiadas acima do limite da norma CISPR15 durante os transitórios.
RESPUESTA INELÁSTICA DE MARCOS DÚCTILES CON CONTRAVIENTO EXCÉNTRICO
Authors: García Carrera Jesús Salvador , Tapia Hernández Edgar
Published: July 2019

En este artículo se discuten los resultados de análisis inelásticos estáticos y dinámicos de edificios regulares de 6 y 9 pisos estructurados con marcos de acero dúctiles con contraventeo excéntrico. Las estructuras se analizaron mediante modelos detallados en OpenSees. Los resultados señalan que los marcos con contravientos excéntricos de mediana altura diseñados conforme a los principios de capacidad podrían desarrollar un comportamiento indeseable, caracterizados por una concentración de daño. Con el propósito de mejorar el conocimiento adquirido, se evaluaron con detalle los parámetros y capacidades inelásticas del sistema estructural.
COMPORTAMIENTO DE EDIFICIOS DE ACERO CON CONTRAVENTEOS EXCÉNTRICOS ANTE SECUENCIAS SÍSMICAS
Authors: Ruiz García Jorge , Bojórquez Mora Edén , Corona Villar Edgar José , Reyes Salazar Alfredo
Published: July 2019

En este artículo se presentan los resultados de un estudio analítico enfocado a evaluar el comportamiento sísmico de edificios de acero estructurados a base de marcos y contraventeos excéntricos (MCE). Para tal fin, se modelaron dos MCE de 4 y 8 niveles mediante la plataforma computacional OpenSees. En particular, se modeló el comportamiento histerético de los eslabones en los contraventeos excéntricos considerando un criterio de falla, así como la zona del panel en las uniones viga-columna. Los MCE en estudio fueron sometidos a un conjunto de secuencias sísmicas evento principal-réplicas artificiales, las cuales son representativas de secuencias registradas en terreno blando de la Ciudad de México. Los resultados de está investigación indican que los eslabones pueden fallar ante la acción de réplicas intensas, lo cual conduce a un incremento de sus demandas de distorsión máxima de entrepiso respecto a las originadas por el evento principal. Ante esta situación, se observó que las vigas y columnas cercanas al eslabón que falla exhiben un comportamiento inelástico, lo cual es contrario a su filosofía de diseño. Finalmente, se aprecio que los MCE exhiben una concentración de distorsión máxima de entrepiso en los pisos inferiores dado que los eslabones no tienen un comportamiento histerético uniforme en la altura, lo cual  desaprovecha su capacidad de disipación de energía.
EFEKTIVITAS PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS DARING: SEBUAH BUKTI PADA PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS
Authors: Khusniyah Nurul Lailatul , Hakim Lukman
Published: July 2019

Abstrak: Penelitian ini menggambarkan efektifitas pembelajaran berbasis daring terhadap kemampuan mahasiswa dalam memahami teks berbahasa Inggris. Pembelajaran daring yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pembelajaran yang memanfaatkan penggunaan web blog. Paparan pada artikel ini adalah bagian dari laporan penelitian tindakan kelas yang fokus utamanya adalah melihat efektivitas pembelajaran berbasis daring yang ditinjau dari dua pendekatan, yaitu perbandingan distribusi data dan uji-t pada data sebelum tindakan (pretest) dan setalah tindakan (posttest). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan kemampuan pemahaman mahasiswa terhadap teks berbahasa Inggris antara sebelum dan sesudah penggunaan web blog. Dalam hal ini, pembelajaran daring berbantuan web blog tersebut memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap peningkatan kemampuan membaca bahasa Inggris mahasiswa.

Abstract: This study describes the effectiveness of online-based learning on the students’ ability to understand English-language texts. The online learning used in this study is learning that utilizes the use of web blogs. This article is a part of the report of a classroom action research which focuses on identifying the effectiveness of the online-based learning viewed from two approaches, namely the comparison of data distribution and t-test on the data before the treatments (pretest) and after the treatments (posttest). The results of the study show that there are differences in students' ability to understand English texts before and after the use of the web blogs. In this case, online learning assisted by the web blog has a positive influence on improving students' English reading skills.
Analisis Data Panel pada Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka Kabupaten/Kota di Pulau Jawa
Authors: Pratiwi Hasih , Prawastyorini Ardina Nilam , Sugiyanto Sugiyanto
Published: July 2019

Unemployment rate is the percentage of the number of unemployed to the total labor force, it has become some problems in economic development. The aim of this study is to choose the best model between common, fixed, and random effects in modeling open unemployment rate of regency/city in Java. It based on open unemployment rate with several influence factors in Java Island 2010-2016 which are panel data types. The best model choosen based on the results of the Chow test and Hausman test. The fixed effect model was obtained as the best model with a value of  79,26 percent.
Study of the Association of V640L (rs6133) Polymorphism in the Platelet P-selectin Gene with Acetylsalicylic Acid Resistance in Patients after Coronary Bypass Surgery
Authors: Kosinova A. A. , Mongush T. S. , Goncharov M. D. , Subbotina T. N. , Semashchenko K. S. , Kochmareva G. Y. , Grinshtein Yu. I.
Published: July 2019

Aim.To study the association of V640L (rs6133) polymorphism in the P-selectin gene with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) resistance in patients with coronary heart disease after coronary bypass surgery (CABG).Material and methods.The study included 104 patients aged 36-78 years (mean age 61.6±6.9 years) with stable angina pectoris: 61 (58.7%) patients had functional class II (according to Canadian Cardiovascular Society), 41 (39.4%) – class III and 2 (1.9%) – class IV. Atherosclerotic lesions of the coronary arteries were confirmed by coronary angiography. The antiplatelet therapy was stopped for at least 5 days before CABG. In the postoperative period, from the first day, all patients received 100 mg of ASA in enteric form, 61 patients received alone ASA therapy, 43 patients – combined antiplatelet therapy: ASA+clopidogrel (75 mg/day). The aggregation study was performed with an optical aggregometer, using 5 μM adenosinediphosphate (ADP) and 1 mM arachidonic acid inductors before CABG, on 1-3 day and on 8-10 day after surgical treatment. DNA samples were examined for the V640L (rs6133) polymorphism in the P-selectin gene by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the allele-specific primers.

Results. The frequency of the homozygous GG genotype of the rs6133 polymorphism was 84.6%; heterozygous GT genotype – 15.4%. The amplitude of aggregation with ADP before CABG, on 1-3 day and on 8-10 day after CABG for carriers of homozygotes of allele G vs carriers of the allele T were: 47.9±19.3%, 44.5±17.8%, 30.1±13.2% vs 47.9±17.1%, 46.3±16.5%, 39.6±22.0%, respectively (p=0.497, 0.441 and 0.687, respectively). The amplitude of aggregation with arachidonic acid before CABG, on 1-3 day and on 8-10 day after CABG for carriers of homozygotesof allele G vs carriers of the allele T, were: 47.9±23.2%, 24.5±21.7%, 12.3±16.3% vs 54.3±17.8%, 29.7±23.7%,  11±10.9%, respectively (p=0.416, 0.825 and 0.872, respectively). In the first 10 days of the postoperative period, 6 thrombotic events (5.7%) were observed in the study group: 2 strokes and 4 perioperative myocardial infarctions. Five events occurred in the group of patients with the GG genotype, 1 event in the group of patients with the GT genotype.Conclusion. V640L (rs6133) polymorphism in the P-selectin gene is not associated with ASA resistance in patients with coronary artery disease after CABG. The T allele of the rs6133 polymorphism is not associated with increased platelet aggregation activity after CABG and does not increase the risk of adverse events in the first 10 days after CABG.
Multi-Ethnic Analysis of Cardiac Pharmacogenetic Markers of Cytochrome P450 and Membrane Transporters Genes in the Russian Population
Authors: Mirzaev K. B. , Fedorinov D. S. , Ivashchenko D. V. , Sychev D. A.
Published: July 2019

Aim. To summarize Russian studies using pharmacogenetic testing as applied to cardiology.Material and methods. The authors conducted an online search for articles in December 2018 using the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, eLIBRARY. The search was carried out by keywords: "Russia", "Russian", "cardiology" together with the terms associated with the polymorphic marker, including: «P450», «CYP2C19», «CYP2D6», «CYP2B1», «CYP2B6», «CYP2Е1», «CYP2C8», «CYP2C9», «CYP3A4», «CYP3A5», «CYP1A1», «CYP1A2», «CYP4F2», «CYP4F1», «ABCB1», «SLCO1B1», «VKORC1», «GGCX», «SULT1A1», «CULT1», «CES1», «gene», «genes», «pharmacogenetics», «pharmacogenomics», «ethnic group».Results. Generalization of information allowed to identify obscure genes that need to be investigated in pharmacogenetic studies. This information can be used for the development of dosing algorithms and the priority choice of drugs, considering the results of pharmacogenetic testing and planning future research.Conclusion. The results of the literature review indicate the importance of studying the most clinically valid and clinically useful pharmacogenetic markers (CYP2C19, CYP2C9, VKORC1, SLCO1B1) among various ethnic groups in the Russian Federation. With the accumulation of evidence of clinical validity and clinical utility of other pharmacogenetic markers (CES1, CYP2D6*4, etc.), the problem of interethnic differences in the carriage of clinically significant polymorphisms of these genes identified in previous studies in the Russian Federation increasingly requires attention. The most promising for the introduction into the clinical practice in the Russian Federation in the near future are polymorphic markers of the CYP2C19, CYP2C9, VKORC1 and SLCO1B1 genes.
Thoriqoh Junaidiyah: Sejarah dan Dinamikanya Di Kota Palangkaraya
Authors: Bilad Cecep Zakaria El
Published: July 2019

The Junaidi al-Baghdadi (Junaidiyah) is the Sufi order which center of development locates in Palangka Raya. Shaikh Kasyful Anwar Firdaus brought it to his homeland, South Kalimantan, after his studying in the Holy City. In 1997 Shaikh Muhammad Qurtubi, his successor, moved the center to Palangka Raya. Since then the Sufi order relaviely quicly spread accross the island. Unfortunately there is very little attention from the researchers to this order and no single research on its presecence in Palangka Raya. This article tries to trace the story of its coming to the city and its development after the death of Shaikh Qurtubi. This qualitative research will be conducted with the descriptive approach.
Analisis Tingkat Kesiapan Pemerintah Daerah dalam Pengambilalihan Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan Pedesaan dan Perkotaan 1 (PBB-P2) (Studi Kasus Pada Pemerintah Kota Pekanbaru)
Authors: Wulandari Hesty
Published: July 2019

This research is intended to know the level of preparedness of Local Government of Pekanbaru City in taking over the authority of management of Property Tax in Urban and Rural Area from central government. Readiness indicators are measured by local regulations, human resources, equipment, financing and cooperation with others. This research uses qualitative method where all data collected by observation and interview with official in Dispenda Office Pekanbaru City. The results showed that the Pekanbaru city government has been quite ready to take over the authority. It shows that almost all the needs that exist and two unmet needs are in the process.

 

Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui tingkat kesiapan Pemerintah Daerah Kota Pekanbaru dalam pengambilalihan kewenangan pengelolaan Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan Pedesaan dan Perkotaan dari pemerintah pusat. Indikator kesiapannya diukur dari peraturan daerah, sumber daya manusia, peralatan, pendanaan serta kerjasama dengan pihak lain. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dimana semua data dikumpulkan dengan observasi dan wawancara dengan pejabat berwenang di Kantor Dispenda Kota Pekanbaru. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pemda Kota Pekanbaru telah cukup siap untuk mengambil alih kewenangan ini terbukti dengan hampir terpenuhinya semua kebutuhan yang ada dan dua kebut uhan yang belum terpenuhi sedang berada dalam proses pengerjaan.
KESIAPAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH DALAM PENERAPAN AKUNTANSI BERBASIS AKRUAL
Authors: Sulaiman Sulaiman , Abdullah Abdullah
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate empirically whether human resources, infrastructure, information technology, organizational commitment, and accounting policies affect the readiness of the implementation of Government Accounting Standards based on accrual.The sample in this research is the employee who is in the sub-section of finance, assets, treasury and accounting fields, and field DPPKA budget of the city of Bengkulu. Respondents in this study amounted to 32 people. This study uses quantitative methods. The results of the study showed that the human resources, infrastructure, information technology, and organizational commitment positively affects the readiness of the implementation of Government Accounting Standards based on accrual. While the accounting policies are not influence on the readiness of the implementation of Government Accounting Standards based on accrual. The results of this study indicate that accounting understanding that each employee is not enough in the implementation of government accounting standards accrual basis.
ANALISIS DETERMINASI KEANDALAN DAN TIMELINESS PELAPORAN KEUANGAN
Authors: Yuliani Nur Laila , Susanto Barkah , Farida Farida
Published: July 2019

This study is aimed at examining factors affecting the reliability and timeliness of financial reporting. These factors include human resources, utilization of information technology, internal control of accounting, organizational commitment and supporting system. The main ground of this study is an empirical study on the factors that affect the reliability and timeliness of financial reporting which have been varied in the results and increasingly important and strong public demands for accountability. The sample of this study consists of 83 employees in BLUDs around Kedu residency. The analysis of the data are measured through Partial Least Square (WarpPLS). This study provides an evidence that human resources, internal control of accounting, organizational commitment and supporting system have positive effects on the reliability of financial reporting. On the other hand, the utilization of information technology does not positively effect the reliability of financial reporting. Meanwhile, the utilization of information technology, internal control of accounting, and organizational commitment positively affects timeliness of financial reporting, while the human resources, and supporting system do no have positive effect on the timeliness of financial reporting.
THE EFFECT OF OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE ON FIXED ASSETS REVALUATION WITH TAX INCENTIVES AS MODERATING VARIABLES
Authors: Syafiqurrahman Muhammad , Setiawan Doddy , Suranta Sri , Suhardjanto Djoko
Published: July 2019

This study aims to determine the effect of ownership structure on fixed assets revaluation with tax incentives as a moderate variable. The ownership structure is indicated by firm size, fixed assets intensity, price ratio to book value and leverage. The data used in this study is secondary data obtained from the annual report of companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) which amounted to 198 manufacturing companies in 2014 and 2015. This research uses sampling method that is purposive sampling with logistic analysis model. The results of this study indicate that firm size, fixed asset intensity, and leverage have no effect on fixed assets revaluation, while price ratio to book value negatively affects fixed asset revaluation. In addition, tax incentives are not a moderate variable.
Family Firms, Audit Fee, and Auditor Choice: Evidence From Indonesia
Authors: Harindahyani Senny , Widjaja Celine
Published: July 2019

Family firms in Indonesia have an important role in the Indonesian economy. However, agency problems might happen inside family firms where it will lead to conflict of interest and information asymmetry, along with the entrenchment effect where it leads firms to produce lower quality earnings report. Research from 305 firms in Indonesia shows that the agency problems and the entrenchment effect has not affected the family firms in Indonesia, reflected from the firm‟s decision making in their amount of audit fee and auditor choice. This study will contribute by providing an empirical evidence of the effect of family control on the audit fee and auditor choice in a developing country. The result shows that the type of firms has no correlation on the amount of audit fee paid to the auditor and both firms‟ demands the same level of audit quality where it is shown by their choices of audit firms, which is Big 4 audit firm or Non-Big 4 audit firm. In conclusion, the level of agency problems and entrenchment effect tends to be lower in the family firms of Indonesia.
ANALYSIS OF LOCAL WISDOM TOWARD ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION ATTITUDE IN BANGKALAN DISTRICT: A PRELIMINARY RESEARCH
Authors: Hidayati Yunin
Published: July 2019

Based on the results and discussion previously described, the results can be concluded that local wisdom in Bangkalan district can be used to raise awareness of the importance of environmental conservation and the use of potential around the community. Suggestions that can be given is that it expected that research is developed for implementation in the field of education by including into one of the learning materials for example on the topic of environmental pollution.
Agama Sipil di Amerika Serikat: Telaah Terhadap Gagasan dan Peran Robert N. Bellah
Authors: Sahidah Ahmad
Published: July 2019

This article will unravel the emergence of civil religion in the United States that cannot be separated from America’s long history, since the civil war, the declaration of independence and the influence of enlightenment and Christian values (especially Protestantism) that are deeply embedded in the American people. He was born as a recognition of the highest values, not one of the denominations of Christianity itself. At the same time, as a criticism of the use of religious symbols in official state practice. With the hermeneutic reading of Bellah’s works, it can be concluded that civil religion is inevitable, because each group has a religious dimension. To say that there is no civil religion, is to say that the civitas, the civil order itself does not exist, it should not appear. Each group produces communal symbols and rituals that give instructions and tie them together. Thus, civil religion does not only belong to America, it can belong to other nations in the world.
Pola Pemanfataan Sumberdaya Laut Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Pada Masyarakat Wabula, di Kabupaten Buton
Authors: Mustari Tamar , Manaf Sulhan , Munafi La Ode Abdul
Published: July 2019

The research describes the patten of utilization of marine resources based on local wisdom in the Wabula community in Buton district. The data were collected by doing interwiews, observation, documentation, and study of literature. Then the data were analyzed descriptively and kualitatively. The results showed that in utilizing marine resources, Wabula community have a local wisdom called kaombo which is protected marine areas by the custom. When a marine area is designated as a kaombo a ban om the explotation of marine resources in the area applies. The prohibition is intended to provide a respite for the continuation of the proliferation of marine biota in kaombo ecosystem. A violation of the prohibition is subject to strict customary law. To preserve the local wisdom of Wabula community in the utilization of marine resources, then through the regulation of  Buton Regent Number 13 of 2018, Wabula was designated as an area Customary Law Community in the management of marine resources based om local customary law. The regulation is considered as an ideal model for strengthening local community institutions in conserving marine resources in a sustainable manner.
ANÁLISE DA PERCEPÇÃO AMBIENTAL DOS ALUNOS DO 8° ANO DA ESCOLA DE EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA NAYA SAMPAIO GONZAGA NO MUNICÍPIO DE CAÇADOR, SANTA CATARINA/Analysis of environmental perception of students of the 8th year of the School of Basic Education
Authors: Bissotto Juliano Tasca , Campos Roger Francisco Ferreira de
Published: July 2019

Empregar a educação ambiental em escolas é um mecanismo significativo no processo de ensino dos jovens, onde por meio desse tema desenvolve-se aquisição de conhecimentos relacionados com o meio ambiente e sua preservação de forma a despertar uma conscientização aos jovens sobre a importância de preservar os recursos naturais. Portanto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a percepção ambiental dos alunos da Escola de Educação Básica Naya Sampaio Gonzaga no município de Caçador/SC quanto aos temas: meio ambiente, recursos hídricos, resíduos sólidos e horta na escola. No presente estudo foi analisado a percepção ambiental dos alunos do 8° ano através de um questionário semiestruturado, por meio de 14 variáveis. O estudo foi aplicado em 38 alunos o qual pode-se analisar que a educação ambiental sobre diversos temas ainda é precária na turma do estudo e que o processo de educação ambiental precisa ser aprimorado junto aos alunos, visando um melhor conhecimento e desenvolvimento sustentável no meio escolar. Assim, pode concluir que a educação ambiental é uma importante ferramenta no processo de ensino, servindo como base na mudança de atitudes sendo em âmbito social e ambiental, como também pode ser utilizado meios de conhecimento - através da horta escolar para aplicar a educação ambiental e sanar essa questão.
DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE SHOPPING CENTERS NO ESTADO FLUMINENSE: OS SHOPPING CENTERS DO LESTE METROPOLITANO/ Distribution of shopping centers in the state of Rio de Janeiro: the shopping centers of the metropolitan east.
Authors: Ornellas Allex Serra Da Silva
Published: July 2019

O presente texto pretende investigar e compreender as mudanças no padrão territorial de instalação das formas comerciais, especialmente, shopping centers na metrópole fluminense. A nosso ver, o modelo de localização desses empreendimentos se altera, principalmente, a partir da década de 1990 no caso fluminense, tendo similitudes com o processo de reestruturação produtiva e urbana vivida do referido estado em várias escalas. O ponto de partida é a relação histórica entre comércio e cidade, tendo em vista que a própria constituição da humanidade implica nas transformações das trocas de produtos. O objeto discutido é um equipamento comercial marcante na paisagem urbana brasileira desde os anos 1980, em especial, os shopping centers no leste da metrópole fluminense. Tal região desde o período citado tem em seu território essa forma comercial, mas suas inaugurações, ao longo dos anos, expressam mudanças significativas no que diz respeito ao espaço - tempo da vida urbana fluminense.
An Experimental Approach To Assess the Dispersion of Shale in Fracturing Fluids
Authors: Muggli I. de Araujo , Chellappah K. , Collins I. R.
Published: July 2019

We propose an experimental approach to evaluate how typical fluids influence shale dispersion. In this approach, finely ground shale is left to settle in the fracturing fluid, generating particle-size and concentration profiles within the settling column. Samples are taken at various settling times and depths and then analyzed with regard to turbidity and capillary-suction-time (CST) behavior. Particle-size-distribution (PSD) measurements are used to further substantiate analysis. Turbidity data indicate the volume of particles present, and PSD data indicate the sizes of these particles (or flocs). This approach was tested using ground shale, Eagle Ford brine (EFB), and three typical fluid additives. Without additives present, shale flocculation resulted in rapid particle settling, and samples taken from suspension gave low turbidity and CST values. With additives present, suspensions were better dispersed and hence tended to give higher CST values. Some additives hindered flocculation more effectively than others. The results suggest that low CST numbers might not always be desirable; additives that are good inhibitors might hinder flocculation of shale particulates and hence promote higher CST numbers. In this paper we discuss how our proposed experimental approach can give insights into the influence of additives on the degree and nature of shale dispersion.
The Effects of Smoking-Cessation Counseling Based on the Stages-of-Change Model in Dental Patients; Semi-Experimental Study
Authors: Ghorbani Zahra , Ahmady Arezoo Ebn , hosseini zahra , Azimi Somayyeh
Published: July 2019

Background

Dentists may take part in smoking cessation counseling of dental patients by using the time they are engaged in dental procedures and by emphasizing on oral manifestations of smoking. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of smoking cessation counseling by a dentist on preparation for change to quit smoking in smoker patients.

Methods

This study was performed on 150 smoking patients admitted to Dental School of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran. The patients were randomly divided into two groups of 75 patients. The intervention group received smoking cessation counseling by a single senior dental student. A self-administered questionnaire containing questions regarding the position of the individual in change cycle stages was completed by both intervention and control group at baseline and at one-month follow up. For statistical analysis, paired t-tests, Mann-Whitney U and multivariate linear regression models was used with a significance level of P<0.05.

Results

At baseline, there were no significant differences between the intervention and control groups in terms of change cycle stages of smoking cessation. Also, there was no significant difference between change cycle stages at baseline and one-month follow up in control group; but this difference in intervention group was significant (p=0.006). The proportion of patients in the pre-contemplation stage decreased by 43% while the proportion of patients in the contemplation and action stages increased by 20% and 16% respectively.

Conclusions

The smoking cessation counseling enhances forward movement through the stages-of-change of smoking cessation. Measurement of this movement may be an important intermediary in evaluating small clinical trials of counseling.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Pneumonia among Children 2 – 59 Months of Age in Gumay District, Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Tesfaye Anteneh , Hiko Desta , Kabeta Teshome
Published: July 2019

Background

Recent estimates from the World Health Organization suggest that pneumonia is responsible for 20% of deaths in the under-five age group, leading to 3 million deaths per year. Out of fifteen countries that have the highest death rate from clinical pneumonia in children younger than five-year-old, Ethiopia ranks as number four in the world.

Objective

To determine the prevalence and identify the associated factors of pneumonia among 2 -59 months old children in Gumay district, Jimma zone, 2017.

Methods

Community based cross sectional study was conducted in Gumay district from March 1- 26 /2017. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to proportionally draw 347 households from 5 selected kebeles. Pre-tested Interviewer administered structured questionnaire was employed to collect data from households. Health professionals were recruited in the survey as data collectors and supervisors. The data was entered to Epi-Data version 3 and then exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis.

Result

The prevalence of pneumonia in 2 to 59 months old children found to be 7.5%. a child 2-11 months of age(AOR = 3.17;95%CI 1.6,6.3; p-value= 0.024), Cooking place (AOR=5.7; 95% CI 1.83,18; p-value=0.004), living in houses with less than two windows (AOR= 3.18; 95% CI 1.07, 9.5; p-value =0.034), location of the child during cooking (AOR=5.15; 95%CI 1.6, 16.7; p-value= 0.008) and being not vaccinated (AOR=4.76, 95% CI;1.69, 13.37; p-value=0.003) were found to be significant associated with pneumonia among children 2 to 59 months of age in this study.
Integrated analysis of metabolomes and transcriptome between the testis of non-repropductive season and reproductive season of oriental river prawn, Macrobrachium nipponense
Authors: Jin Shubo
Published: July 2019

Background: The better understanding of male sexual differentiation and development mechanism of M. nipponense is urgently needed, in order to maintain the sustainable development of M. nipponense industry. In the present study, we aimed to identify the key genes and metabolites involved in the male sexual differentiation and development of M. nipponense through performing the integrated analysis of metabolomes and transcriptomes of testis between the reproductive season and non-reproductive season.
Results: A total of 385 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) and 12,230 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Glycerophospholipid metabolism and Sphingolipid metabolism were predicted to have dramatic effects on male sexual differentiation and development in M. nipponense, based on the integrated analysis of metabolomes and transcriptomes. According to the KEGG enrichment analysis of DEGs, Oxidative phosphorylation, Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis, HIF-1 signaling pathway, Citrate cycle, Steroid hormone synthesis and Spliceosome were predicted to promote the male differentiation and development through providing ATP, promoting the synthesis of steroid hormone and providing correct gene products. SDHB, PDE1, HSDL1, Cp450, SRSF and SNRNP40 from these metabolic pathways were predicted to have dramatic effects in M. nipponene through performing the qPCR analysis in different reproductive season of testis and various tissues.
Conclusion: This study provides new evidences for analyzing the process of male sexual differentiation and development in M. nipoponense.
Comparative genomics uncovers genetic diversity and synthetic biology of secondary metabolite production of the genus Trametes
Authors: Zhang Yan , Cao Jie , Wang Jingjing , Cheng Yajun , Zhou Minghui , Wang Wei , Geng Ming , Xu Decong , Xu Zhongdong
Published: July 2019

It’s well-established that the CAZyme genes of genus Trametes contributed to the degradation processes of polysaccharides, including lignin or crystalline cellulose. However, the comprehensive analysis of the composition of CAZymes and the biosynthetic gene clusters of Trametes genus remain unclear. We conducted comparative analysis, detected the CAZyme genes, and predicted the biosynthetic gene clusters for 9 Trametes strains. Among 82,053 homologous clusters we obtained for genus Trametes, we identified 8,518 core genes, 60,441 accessory genes and 13,094 specific genes. Our results showed that a large proportion of CAZyme genes were catalogued into glycoside hydrolases, glycosyltransferases, and carbohydrate esterases. The predicted BGCs of Trametes genus were divided into 6 strategies and the 9 Trametes strains harbored 47.78 BGCs on average. Our study uncovers the genus Trametes exhibited an open pan-genome structure, provides insights into the genetic diversity and explores the synthetic biology of secondary metabolite production for Trametes genus.
Multiple Iterative Labeling by Antibody Neodeposition (MILAN)
Authors: Cattoretti Giorgio , Bosisio Francesca Maria , Marcelis Lukas , Bolognesi Maddalena Maria
Published: July 2019

Multiplexing, labeling for multiple immunostains the very same cell or tissue section in situ, is of considerable interest. The major obstacles to the diffusion of this technique are high costs in custom antibodies and instruments, low throughput, scarcity of specialized skills or facilities.

We have validated and detail here a method based on common primary and secondary antibodies, diffusely available fluorescent image scanners and routinely processed tissue sections \(FFPE). It entails rounds of four-color indirect immunofluorescence, image acquisition and removal \(stripping) of the antibodies, before another stain is applied. The images are digitally registered and the autofluorescence is subtracted. Removal of antibodies is accomplished by disulphide cleavage. In excess of 50 different antibody stains can be applied to one single section from routinely fixed and embedded tissue. This method requires a modest investment in hardware and materials and uses freeware image analysis software.
Toward Overcoming Physical Disability in Spinal Cord Injury: A Qualitative inquiry of the Experiences of Injured Individuals and Their Families
Authors: Nikbakht-Nasrabadi Alireza , mmohammadi nooredin , Yazdanshenas Manijeh , Shabany Maryam
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVES

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a life-changing experience for the individuals with SCI and their families. This study aimed to investigate physical strategies used for overcoming physical disability in individuals with SCI.

METHODS

In this qualitative study, 17 SCI persons and 13 family caregivers were selected by a purposeful sampling. Settings of the study were Brain and SCI research (BASIR) center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Southern Social Welfare Center of Tehran and SCI Association of Tehran, Iran. Data were collected by face-to-face semi-structured interviews, which were continued until data saturation. The gathered data were concurrently analyzed by the content analysis method.

RESULTS

The data analysis revealed one main theme (towards overcoming physical disability) and three sub-themes: 1) physical rehabilitation by various methods; 2) tendency towards the use of alternative medical methods; and 3) making effort for self-reliance.

CONCLUSION

The participants used physiotherapy and occupational therapy as an effective and essential approach offered by the healthcare team. Some individuals with SCI with help of their family had invented simple rehabilitation equipment for help to their physical rehabilitation. However, most participants had referred to different complimentary medicine specialists based on advice friends and relatives and they often had spent a lot of time and money ineffectively. Therefore, they need training and support of the healthcare team as well as social support to achieve physical independence and physical recovery. Further research is suggested to investigate the barriers to achieving physical empowerment in people with SCI in Iran.
Metal Doped-C3N4/Fe2O4: Efficient and Versatile Heterogenous Catalysts for Organic Transformations
Authors: Rai Vijai K. , Verma Fooleswar , Mahata Suhasini , Bhardiya Smita R. , Singh Manorama , Rai Ankita
Published: July 2019

The polymeric graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has been one of the interesting earth abundant elements. Though g-C3N4 finds application as a photocatalyst, its photocatalytic behaviour is limited because of low efficiency, mainly due to rapid charge recombination. To overcome this problem, several strategies have been developed including doping of metal/non-metal in the cavity of g-C3N4. Moreover, the CoFe2O4 NPs have been used in many organic transformations because of its high surface area and easy separation due to its magnetic nature. This review describes the role of cobalt ferrite as magnetic nanoparticles and metal-doped carbon nitride as efficient heterogeneous catalysts for new carbon-carbon and carbon-hetero atom bond formation followed by heterocyclization. Reactions which involved new catalysts for selective activation of readily available substrates has been reported herein. Since nanoparticles enhance the reactivity of catalyst due to higher catalytic area, they have been employed in various reactions such as addition reaction, C-H activation reaction, coupling reaction, cyclo-addition reaction, multi-component reaction, ring-opening reaction, oxidation reaction and reduction reactions etc. The driving force for choosing this topic is based-on huge number of good publications including different types of spinels/metal doped-/graphitic carbon nitride reported in the literature and due to interest of synthetic community in recent years. This review certainly will represent the present status in organic transformation and for exploring further their catalytic efficiency to new organic transformations involving C-H activation reaction through coupling, cyclo-addition, multi-component, ring-opening, oxidation and reduction reactions.
Pharmacokinetics of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone (rhGH) in Beagles by ELISA
Authors: Qian Yueyue , Shao Qing , Xu Quanyu , Qiao Hongqun
Published: July 2019

Background::

Somatropin is recombinant human growth (GH) used for the treatment of
growth failure in children and GH deficiency in adults. At present, rhGH marketed in China is mostly
freeze-dried powder injection. As the lyophilization process is unstable, time-consuming and costly,
rhGH has been prepared into an aqueous solution for administering directly.

Introduction::

In this study, the pharmacokinetics of two dosage forms of rhGH in beagle dogs after
single subcutaneous administration was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Methods:

Twelve healthy beagles (male, 6:female, 6) were used for the pharmacokinetic study and
were equally divided into two groups. Subcutaneous injection of 0.2 IU/kg with rhGH in the two formulations.
The blood samples were taken from forearms, 0, 0.033, 0.083, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 10, 24 h
and collected the beagle plasma on time. The pharmacokinetic parameters of rhGH after subcutaneous
(s.c.) injection were determined experimentally on beagles. Primary PK endpoints were area under the
serum concentration-time curve (AUC0-t) and maximum serum concentration (Cmax). Serum rhGH level
was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results::

The calibration curves obtained were linear over the concentration range of 25 to 1600 ng/ml
for recombinant human growth. The results of the intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy studies
were well within the acceptable limits. The analysis samples were stable under different storage conditions
and temperature.

Conclusions::

The developed ELISA method has been successfully applied to the studies of pharmacokinetic
of recombinant human growth hormone in beagles.
Impacts of Wind Energy Integration to the Utility Grid and Grid Codes: A Review
Authors: Srivastava Puneet K. , Tiwari Amar N. , Singh Sri N.
Published: July 2019

Background:

This paper reviews the requirements imposed by Transmission System
Operators (TSOs) in their grid codes to address intolerable implications of integrating large Wind
Power Plants (WPPs) to the grid. Besides the common objectives, terminologies used by different
TSOs were distinct. Therefore, developing a harmonized grid code is imperative.

Introduction:

On the recommendation of the European Commission, European Network of Transmission
System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E) has made concerted efforts in the direction of
developing a harmonized grid code, and published its document in March 2013.

Method:

Several TSOs have updated their grid codes in accordance with the increasing wind energy
penetration. We have made an effort to present a comparison between different integration requirements
specified by different grid codes. The outcomes presented will certainly be beneficial to
the countries, which are in the process of enacting their own grid code.

Result:

We have reviewed different grid codes in terms of Low Voltage Ride-Through (LVRT)
requirement, operating voltage and frequency range, active power control (frequency regulation)
and reactive power support (voltage regulation).

Conclusion:

The present study envisages helping wind turbine manufacturers and WPP developers,
as it would provide them a clear insight into the regulations imposed on WPPs as included/
updated in different grid codes.
Antibody response after hepatitis B vaccine boost mapped with peptide-phage display
Authors: Ramírez Caballero Lisbeth , Delaroque Nicolas , Szardenings Michael
Published: July 2019

Recombinant hepatitis B virus vaccines confer protection by eliciting specific antibodies against the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), known as anti-HBs. However, the performance of rapid anti-HBs diagnostic tests generates concerns regarding consistency. Novel indicators of protection might be developed by monitoring changes in targeted HBsAg-epitope profile after vaccination. In this work, we test the feasibility of our peptide-phage display platform in identifying B-cell epitopes targeted at different time-points after hepatitis B vaccination. We combined this platform with a unique approach for in silico analysis of enriched sequences. Serum samples collected from one single patient who had two boosting immunizations against hepatitis B virus were used in two-rounds of selection experiments. Five epitope candidates from HBsAg were identified in silico; most of them were previously reported in the literature. Our results suggest that the number of recognized HBsAg epitopes is related to the decrease of anti-HBs over time.
Basic antidepressant research: a brief assay on how to justify your alpha
Authors: Lino de Oliveira Cilene
Published: July 2019

Antidepressant research seems under risk of bias and poor reproducibility. Recent debates brought the use of the p values in hypothesis testing to the center of a reproducibility crisis. In basic biomedicine, the use of p values has been justified by tradition instead of reasoning. Here, a biomedical researcher commented concerns with the traditional use of the p values in basic antidepressant research and discussed the missing pieces limiting the plausible justifications to their use in the field.
Exploring Existential Loneliness Among Frail Older People as a Basis for an Intervention: Protocol for the Development Phase of the LONE Study
Authors: Edberg Anna-Karin , Bolmsjö Ingrid
Published: July 2019

Background

International research concerning end-of-life issues emphasizes the importance of health care professionals (HCPs) being prepared to deal with existential aspects, like loneliness, in order to provide adequate care. The last phase of life is often related to losses of different kinds, which might trigger feelings of isolation in general and existential loneliness (EL) in particular. There is a large body of research concerning loneliness among older people in general, but little is known about the phenomenon and concept of EL in old age.

Objective

This study aims to describe the framing, design, and first results of the exploratory phase of an intervention study focusing on EL among older people: the LONE study. This stage of the study corresponds to the development phase, according to the Medical Research Council framework for designing complex interventions.

Methods

The LONE study contains both theoretical and empirical studies concerning: (1) identifying the evidence base; (2) identifying and developing theory through individual and focus group interviews with frail older people, significant others, and HCPs; and (3) modeling process and outcomes for the intervention. This project involves sensitive issues that must be carefully reviewed. The topic in itself concerns a sensitive matter and the study group is vulnerable, therefore, an ethical consciousness will be applied throughout the project.

Results

The results so far show that EL means being disconnected from life and implies a feeling of being fundamentally separated from others and the world, whether or not one has family, friends, or other close acquaintances. Although significant others highlighted things such as lack of activities, not participating in a social environment, and giving up on life as aspects of EL, the older people themselves highlighted a sense of meaningless waiting, a longing for a deeper connectedness, and restricted freedom as their origins of EL. The views of HCPs on the origin of EL, the place of care, and their own role differed between contexts.

Conclusions

The studies focusing on identifying the evidence base and developing theory are published. These results will now be used to identify potential intervention components, barriers, and enablers for the implementation of an intervention aimed at supporting HCPs in encountering EL among older people.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

RR1-10.2196/13607