bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geometric dimensions of mixed fodder portion at transportation by a chain-disk conveyor
Authors: Корнеев  , Korneev Dmitriy
Published: November 2013

Chain- disc conveyors are widely used in the organization of the distribution of fodder for livestock farms of different types due to the simplicity of design and high reliability conveyors of this type. The portion of mixed fodder, transported by chain- disc transporter, is characterized by the following geometric parameters: the length of the l1and l2sections, the angle forming the bulk of the slope, the radius R of the cylindrical part of the piece is equal to the radius of the conveyor fodder line. In accordance with the kinds of the transported forms of the bulk of the body, the mode of the chain- disk conveyor can be divided into three types: an unloaded conveyor, loaded conveyor, overloaded conveyor. The volume of fodder portions may be expressed as a function of the length of the cylindrical portion l1. When fodder’s driving on a gently sloping portions of conveyor sections, this function will have a different appearance under different loading modes. With the change in the angle of the conveyor, the character depending on the length of the cylindrical portion is not changed, only change the boundaries of reality functions for different boot modes. At the angle of inclination of the conveyor х = 400, the total angle of the slope forming the bulk φ+х = 900, i.e., the forming plane flatness becomes perpendicular to the axis of the conveyor, and a granular body takes the form of a cylinder. With such tilted of transporter, body particulate volume is a linear function of its length, and the conveyor operates in the linear regime only boot.
Fertilizers influence on grain yield and quality of spring durum wheat in the steppe Volga
Authors: Амиров  , Amirov Marat
Published: November 2013

The development of modern systems of fertilizers for hard spring wheat assumes full satisfaction of the needs of plants in the macro-and micronutrients, based on a comprehensive assessment of their content in the soil. In this case, the most important theoretical and applied problem is finding the best standards, terms of fertilizer application, taking into account the specific agro-climatic regions. The amount of captured energy depends on the degree of plants development, which in turn is linked with the security of their water, nutrients and warmth, the species affiliation and grade. Nowadays , the most advanced is a method of calculating the balance fertilization rates in various versions. According to this method, fertilizers are calculated for a projected yield based on the requirements of the plants in the mineral elements , their content in the soil , the ratios of their use of soil and fertilizer. This paper presents the results of the geographic location of wheat growth, which is characterized by different climatic and soil conditions , its impact not only on productivity but also on the amount of proteins in grains of durum wheat. Improvement technologies of wheat produced led to significant improving of soil conditions habitat of plants. It is possible, in turn, to spread not only soft, but hard wheat in the more northern regions of the Middle Volga region.
Efficiency of use of increasing doses of mineral and organic fertilizers on potato in the middle Volga steppe
Authors: Владимиров  , Vladimirov Sergey
Published: November 2013

The article titles the role of mineral nutrition in the formation of the potato crop of Aroza variety on gray forest soils. During the research years the highest tuber yield on average was obtained 22.56 tons per hectare while treatment by ZHUSS -1 for the treatment of tubers before planting and ZHUSS -2 for conjunction with foliar fertilizers at a dose N150, P150, K150. The yield increased in this variant to 12.89 tons per hectare. The significant fluctuations in productivity of potato Aroza variety were revealed on gray forest soils due to climatic factors. In 2010 dry year the yield ranged from 7.10 tons per hectare up to 12.10 tons per hectare against 80 tons per hectare of organic fertilizers. In humid provided 2012 year, it amounted up 11.43 tons per hectare to 28.87 tons per hectare in the way of application of ZHUSS-1 for the treatment of tubers before planting and ZHUSS-2 in conjunction with foliar fertilizers at a dose N150, P150, K150. 16.90% of nitrogen, 8.27% of phosphorus and 20.03% of potassium were used from the potato plant soil. The fertilizer, depending on the dose were introduced at the following amount: 43,05-43,74% of nitrogen, 15,68-18,06 % of phosphorus, 70,05-75,26 % of potassium. As for the organic fertilizer, the plants have learned 17,34-20,28% of nitrogen, 15,19-17,38% of phosphorus and 25,68-31,31% of potassium. Despite the increase in costs with increasing doses of fertilizers, the highest net income 73001 rubles per hectare and the level of profitability - 106.65% were obtained at the option of applying ZHUSS -1 for the treatment of tubers before planting and ZHUSS -2 in conjunction with foliar fertilizers in N150, P150, K150 dose . In this version there was the lowest cost - 3034 rubles per ton.
Formation of the photosynthetic indicators of spring wheat depending on the variety and pre-sowing treatment
Authors: Воробьева  , Vorobeva Tatyana , Шашкаров  , Shashkarov Leonid
Published: November 2013

This article describes the formation of leaf area, photosynthetic capacity of crops, the net photosynthetic efficiency, leaves productivity and efficiency, Coefficient of performance (COP) of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) of spring wheat, using Nano- Gro seed treatment instead of the traditional etching, depending on the varietal characteristics o dark gray forest soils of the Nizhniy Novgorod region. The study was carried out on varieties Margarita, Marusya and Sofia. In connection with this problem, above-mentioned issues are relevant to the present day. Rising the yields of spring wheat to the level of its genetically determined potential is only possible with an increase in photosynthetic productivity of crops, primarily due to the proper selection of varieties for specific soil-climatic zones. Cropping pattern should provide the absorption of at least 2% of PAR. The main absorbing body is a leaf. Therefore the need for a crop with optimum leaf surface area. The study revealed the following, the maximum leaf area of plants of spring wheat is formed in earing seed treatment by Nano-Gro. On average, during the growing season net photosynthesis productivity of Margarita variety was 4.5-5.7 g/m2, Maroussia - 4.6-4.8 g/m2 and Sofia - 3.8-5.2 g/m2. Maximum values of net photosynthetic productivity of crops are characterized by variations in seed treatment by Nano-Gro and Margarita variety. The highest efficiency (2.46, 2.57 and 2.55 kg by 1000 units) was observed on the leaves treated by Nano-Gro and the efficiency of Coefficient of performance (COP) of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is 1,54-1,81 %. Margarita and Marussia were characterized by maximum values of productivity of leaf and Coefficient of performance (COP) of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR).
Models of spring wheat variety, adapted to the forest-steppe zone of the Urals of Orenburg
Authors: Мухитов  , Mukhitov Lenar , Самуилов  , Samuilov Feofan
Published: November 2013

On the basis of summarizing the results of many years experience on environmental study varieties and breeding numbers of spring wheat, we can base models of early maturing, middle maturing and mid-season varieties for the forest-steppe zone of Orenburg region. The identified dependence of grain yield on the productivity elements, morphological and structural features, the assimilation apparatus parameters, biological and physiological characteristics reliably described by the equations of regression. Such kind of varities, as Varyag, D-1847/97, Omskaa 20, Prokhorovka, Samsar, Saratovskaya 42 and Solveig were high adaptive capacities in this area. It is well to combine the best parameters of efficiency elements of main spike in favorable years: Kinelskaya 59, Lyuba, Moskovskaya 35, Orenburgskaya 13, Prokhorovka, Saratovskaya 55 and Enita; in dry years: Logachevka, Saratovskaya 42, Solveig and D-1847/97. The optimal parameters of the assimilation apparatus were observed in the following varities: Volgouralskaya, Varyag, Kinelskaya 59, Logachevka, Lyuba, Prokhorovka, Solveig, Tulaykovskaya 1, steppe Tulaykovskaya and Enita. The use of hybrid models in the selection of breeding material and varieties, selected as parent forms to better address selection on efficiency and sustainability in the forest of the Southern Urals.
Cherry’s varieties and hybrids resistance to coccus mycosis in Tatarstan
Authors: Осипов  , Osipov Gennadiy , Петрова  , Petrova Natalya
Published: November 2013

The article presents the results of the study of cherry’s varieties and hybrids resistance to coccus mycosis in the Republic of Tatarstan. The new kind of cherry called Pamyat Sakharova showed an immunity to coccus mycosis. The high resistance to coccus mycosis showed the following cherry varieties and hybrids: Nizhnekamskaya, Nezyabkaya, 80-8, 35-71, 12-1, Zarya Tatarii, Nizkoroslaya (53-15), Zaripovskaya and others.
Formation of the harvest and sowing qualities of spring wheat seeds, depending on different seed size and uniformity in the forest-of Kama of Volga steppe zone
Authors: Сафин  , Safin Ayrat , Сержанов  , Serzhanov Igor , Шайхутдинов  , Shaykhutdinov Farit
Published: November 2013

In the Republic of Tatarstan the seeding rate, included the state register of varieties of spring wheat is studied in detail. Improving farming, zoning strong new varieties of wheat and the introduction of various methods of seedbed preparation calls for further study of the issue. Of particular importance this issue is of importance in the study of particle size and uniformity of seed. The seeds have long been considered the foundation of the next harvest, the farmers have always paid great attention to quality. While in the farms of the republic is not in all the years the seeds of spring wheat crop had high quality. Cultivation technology should be aimed at ensuring the development of high levels of sowing qualities of seeds (germination energy, germination rate, the strength of growth, the number of primary roots). In this connection, along with other techniques, we studied the process of formation of seeds at different size and uniformity of spring wheat. In the overall system of measures, aimed at increasing the yield of spring wheat crop, great importance is given to high-quality seeds with optimum seeding rate.
THE THEORETIC-METHODOLOGICAL BASICS OF EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
Authors: ����������  , Novoselova Svetlana
Published: November 2013

The article discusses how due educational resources management could help improve efficiency and effectiveness of educational activities. This approach summarizes the recent practical achievements in the field based on dichotomous resource model, composed of human resources (labor and pedagogical abilities) on the one hand, and physical resources (reference, educational and methodical materials, visual and technical training aids, Information and Communication Technology tools, laboratory equipment and other supports for educational activities) on the other. Educational resources management, the author points out, helps to achieve goals of educational activities by targeting both the human and physical resources in the appropriate direction. Educational resources management system is designed to assess the need for educational resources, to allocate them properly and to provide guidelines and procedures for appropriate use of educational resources. Considering human resources as the core strategic resource of educational institutions, the author emphasizes the ongoing process of improving and innovating in the field of human resource management and searching for new approaches, concepts and ideas. Managerial models are selected subject to the type of an educational institution, its teaching strategy and culture and professional level of the teaching staff.
BUILDING THE PROJECTIVE COMPETENCES IN PROSPECTIVE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN THE CONTEXT OF FGOS REQUIREMENTS
Authors: ���������  , Fortygina Svetlana
Published: November 2013

The article describes in detail how to use the �Electronic Model of Primary General Education Contents� to build projecting competences in the prospective primary-school teachers. This computer program is part of �MS-IOS� software package, which also includes software for health monitoring, for psychology monitoring and for projecting basic curricula for primary general school education. The �Digital Model of Primary General Education Contents� is introduced as the closely interrelated set of data meant for projecting, teaching and monitoring the effectiveness of primary general education contents. The author points out that the Model can be of great support at the pedagogical higher education institutions as a means to facilitate effective development of projecting competences in prospective primary school teachers.
THE ROLE OF FAMILY IN ENCOURAGING CORRECTIONAL SCHOOL PUPILS TO ATTEND ADAPTIVE PHYSICAL TRAINING CLASSES
Authors: �������  , Kozlova Mariya
Published: November 2013

The topical issue of interrelation between a child�s motivation to go in for

sports and exercises and the parents� attitude to the active and healthy lifestyle is

explored. It is pointed that correctional schools staff should closely cooperate with

the parents and families of their pupils. Such cooperation could encourage children

to attend sports classes and help them overcome many of their psychological and

dyskinesia problems.

The results of introducing the methodic of joint after-school activities of heterogenic

groups� children and their parents are given. The perspectives of developing adaptive

physical education at special correctional schools are forecasted. Such research, the

author confirms, is conducive to elaborating new approaches to adaptive physical

education and improving performance and methodological framework of correctional

schools. The results can be helpful for sports organizations, correctional schools,

educational and health and leisure institutions.
GEOMETRICAL AND GRAPHICS TRAINING IN COMPETENCE-BASED MODEL OF ENGINEERING HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: ������  , Sosnin Nikolay
Published: November 2013

The issues associated with the geometrical and graphics training contents

for the competence-based model of engineering higher education are discusses. Inconsistencies

in the process of curricula projecting arising as a result of transfer from

the traditional discipline-based to the innovative competence-based education model

are analyzed. It is concluded that the old education model does not fit with the new

educational goals to bring up students with a set of needed competences. Principles

and rules for designing the educational content structure suitable for a competencebased

model are outlined. It is proposed to develop the design and engineering competences

based on geometrical modeling on the basis of sequential-staged structure.

That methodology should be preferred, instructs the author, which allows to lift the

building-of-projecting-competences activities at the over-disciplinary and highly integrative

level.
Incorporating Stochastic Lead Times Into the Guaranteed Service Model of Safety Stock Optimization
Authors: Humair Salal , Ruark John D. , Tomlin Brian , Willems Sean P.
Published: November 2013

Effective end-to-end supply chain management and network inventory optimization must account for service levels, demand volatility, lead times, and lead-time variability. Most inventory models incorporate demand variability, but far fewer rigorously account for lead-time variability, particularly in multiechelon supply chain networks. Our research extends the guaranteed service model of safety stock placement to allow random lead times. The main methodological contribution is the creation of closed-form equations for the expected safety stock in the system; this includes a derivation for the early-arrival stock in the system. The main applied contributions are the demonstration of real stochastic lead times in practice and a discussion of how our approach outperforms more traditional heuristics that either ignore lead-time variability or consider the maximum lead time at each stage.
Automated Bed Assignments in a Complex and Dynamic Hospital Environment
Authors: Thomas Bex George , Bollapragada Srinivas , Akbay Kunter , Toledano David , Katlic Peter , Dulgeroglu Onur , Yang Dan
Published: November 2013

Bed management, an important function of any hospital, has a major impact on patient care, patient flow, patient and staff satisfaction, and ultimately on the hospital’s operating margin. A key challenge in bed management is optimizing the bed-assignment process in a complex and dynamic operating environment. Efficient bed assignment requires the merging of clinical information, hospital operations information, interdependencies between units, and real-time information on patients, resources, and workflows. We have developed analytical decision support tools with embedded mathematical models to periodically recommend bed-patient assignments. Using an innovative mixed-integer goal-programming modeling approach, we are able to accommodate the multiple goals and complex operating rules of different hospitals. We implemented and hosted our prototype bed-assignment solution as a cloud-based application for Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York.
Porous metal augments
Authors: Abolghasemian M. , Tangsataporn S. , Sternheim A. , Backstein D. J. , Safir O. A. , Gross A. E.
Published: November 2013

The conventional method for reconstructing acetabular bone loss at revision surgery includes using structural bone allograft. The disadvantages of this technique promoted the advent of metallic but biocompatible porous implants to fill bone defects enhancing initial and long-term stability of the acetabular component. This paper presents the indications, surgical technique and the outcome of using porous metal acetabular augments for reconstructing acetabular defects.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B, Supple A:103–8.
Managing femoral bone loss in revision total hip replacement
Authors: Cross M. B. , Paprosky W. G.
Published: November 2013

If a surgeon is faced with altered lesser trochanter anatomy when revising the femoral component in revision total hip replacement, a peri-prosthetic fracture, or Paprosky type IIIb or type IV femoral bone loss, a modular tapered stem offers the advantages of accurately controlling femoral version and length. The splines of the taper allow rotational control, and improve the fit in femoral canals with diaphyseal bone loss. In general, two centimetres of diaphyseal contact is all that is needed to gain stability with modular tapered stems. By allowing the proximal body trial to rotate on a well-fixed distal segment during trial reduction, appropriate anteversion can be obtained in order to improve intra-operative stability, and decrease the dislocation risk. However, modular stems should not be used for all femoral revisions, as implant fracture and corrosion at modular junctions can still occur.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B, Supple A:95–7.
Cemented femoral fixation
Authors: Murray D. W.
Published: November 2013

There is a North Atlantic divide, with cementless femoral stems being used more frequently in the USA and cemented stems being used more frequently in many countries in Europe. This is primarily because different cemented stems have been used on different sides of the Atlantic and the results of the cemented stems in the US have often been poor, whereas the results of the stems used in Europe have been good. In the National registers in Europe, cemented stems have tended to achieve better results than cementless.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B, Supple A:51–2.
Patellofemoral replacement
Authors: Hofmann A. A. , Shaeffer J. F. , McCandless J. B. , Magee T. H.
Published: November 2013

Isolated patellofemoral arthritis is a common condition and there are varying opinions on the most effective treatments. Non-operative and operative treatments have failed to demonstrate effective long-term treatment for those in an advanced stage of the condition. Newer designs and increased technology in patellofemoral replacement (PFR) have produced more consistent outcomes. This has led to a renewed enthusiasm for this procedure. Newer PFR prostheses have addressed the patellar maltracking issues plaguing some of the older designs. Short-term results with contemporary prostheses and new technology are described here.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B, Supple A:124–8.
An ENT emergency crash course for the Hospital at Night team
Authors: AT Gough , TC Biggs , J Bird , T Kane , NN Patel , David Sanders
Published: November 2013

Following the introduction of the European Working Time Regulations (EWTR) and the Hospital at Night teams the majority of overnight ENT work is now covered by trainees without any prior knowledge of ENT.1 The number of trainees covering ENT out of hours without previous experience has been found to be between 68%‐100% in recent studies.1‐2 More worryingly, a recent article examining hospital at night trainees cross covering ENT revealed that only 28% of those polled had received some training in airway emergencies previously.3
Using Twitter to integrate practice and learning in journalism education: Could social media help to meet the twin challenge of both dimensions?
Authors: Hewett Jonathan
Published: November 2013

Developments in journalism and in education pose multiple challenges for journalism educators at a time of great change in both sectors. They face changing demands and expectations from a range of stakeholders, including students, practitioners and employers. The challenges result partly from new forms of journalism practice – such as the use of social media – and partly from changes in education, such as a recognition of the value of social constructivist approaches, including peer and informal learning. This article suggests that one way forward is to take advantage of the dual dimension of social media – as both a vocationally important part of the curriculum and as a medium with recognized educational potential. Drawing on a study of the use of one key social media platform (Twitter) by postgraduate journalism students, it highlights the scope for such an approach.
Numerical Investigation of Combined Top and Lateral Blowing in a Peirce-Smith Converter
Authors: Chibwe D. K. , Akdogan G. , Taskinen P.
Published: November 2013

Typical current operation of lateral-blown Peirce-Smith converters (PSCs) has the common phenomenon of splashing and slopping due to air injection. The splashing and wave motion in these converters cause metal losses and potential production lost time due to intermittent cleaning of the converter mouth and thus reduced process throughput. Understanding of the effect of combined top and lateral blowing could possibly lead to alternative technology advancement for increased process efficiency. In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of conventional common practice (lateral blowing) and combined (top and lateral blowing) in a PSC were carried out, and results of flow variables (bath velocity, turbulence kinetic energy, etc.) were compared. The two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) simulations of the three-phase system (air–matte–slag) were executed utilizing a commercial CFD numerical software code, ANSYS FLUENT 14.0. These simulations were performed employing the volume of fluid and realizable turbulence models to account for multiphase and turbulent nature of the flow, respectively. Upon completion of the simulations, the results of the models were analysed and compared by means of density contour plots, velocity vector plots, turbulent kinetic energy vector plots, average turbulent kinetic energy, turbulent intensity contour plots and average matte bulk velocity. It was found that both blowing configuration and slag layer thickness have significant effects on mixing propagation, wave formation and splashing in the PSC as the results showed wave formation and splashing significantly being reduced by employing combined top- and lateral-blowing configurations.
Recent research in Aromanian from the Republic of Macedonia
Authors: Nevaci Manuela
Published: November 2013

Abstract In this article, I present phonological and morphological features of three Aromanian subdialects in the Republic of Macedonia. The study is based on fieldwork recordings of Aromanian dialect speakers from urban and rural communities: Struga, Cruşova, and Beala di Supra. In describing these features, this article raises the general descriptive question of how far Aromanian is a Romance language preserved in a Balkan environment.
Words for traditional Eurasian grain legumes in Uralic languages
Authors: Mikić Aleksandar , Stoddard Frederick L.
Published: November 2013

In the Fertile Crescent, grain legumes such as peas, lentils and faba beans were domesticated at about the same time as wheat and barley. In most branches of the Uralic language family, the words for pea have common roots, with the exception of the borrowings in the Finnic and Para-Finnic groups from Baltic and in Hungarian from Turkic. These results suggest that the pea may be an ancient crop among the Uralic peoples, with those who migrated losing the original Uralic word for it and borrowing it later from the non-Uralic peoples. Alternatively, the pea may have arrived after the Hungarian and Finnic peoples had migrated from the Uralic homeland. Moreover, words for lentil are clearly borrowed from neighbouring cultures, while words for faba bean are either derived from those for pea or borrowed from other cultures, demonstrating they were not among the first crops to be used by any of the Uralic peoples.
Separation of bi-harmonic differential operators on Riemannian
manifolds
Authors: Atia Hany A. , Alsaedi Ramzi S. , Ramady Ahmed
Published: November 2013

Consider the bi-harmonic differential expression of the form

A
=
▵
▵
+
q

${A=\triangle \triangle +q}$

on a complete Riemannian manifold (M,g) with metric

g
,

${g,}$

where

▵

${\triangle }$

is the Laplacian on M and

q
≥
0

${q\ge 0}$

is a locally square
integrable function on M.
In the terminology of Everitt and Giertz, the differential expression A is
said to be separated in

L
2

(
M
)

${L^{2}( M) }$

if for all

u
∈

L
2

(
M
)

${u\in L^{2}( M) }$

such that

A
u
∈

L
2

(
M
)

${Au\in L^{2}( M) }$

, we have

q
u
∈

L
2

(
M
)

${
qu\in L^{2}( M)}$

. In this paper we give sufficient conditions
for A to be separated in

L
2

(
M
)

${L^{2}( M)}$

.
Ovarian function after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in childhood and adolescence
Authors: Vatanen A , Wilhelmsson M , Borgström B , Gustafsson B , Taskinen M , Saarinen-Pihkala U M , Winiarski J , Jahnukainen K
Published: November 2013

Objective

The aim of the study was to evaluate long-term ovarian function after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in childhood and adolescence.

Subjects and methods

Predictive factors for ovarian function were evaluated among 92 adult or pubertal female survivors transplanted at Huddinge and Helsinki University Hospital during 1978–2000, at a mean age of 9±4.3 years (range 1–19). At the time of the study a mean±s.d. of 13±5.5 years (range 6–27) had elapsed since the HSCT and the mean age of the participants was 22±6.3 years (range 9–41).

Results

Spontaneous puberty based on breast development occurred in 40 and menarche in 30 of the 70 girls who were prepubertal at transplantation. Six out of 20 girls who received HSCT after initiation of pubertal development recovered their ovarian function. Younger age at HSCT, conditioning without total body irradiation (TBI), and a non-leukemia diagnosis predicted the spontaneous menarche. The incidence of menarche was higher after fractioned vs single fraction TBI (P<0.05), cyclophosphamide (Cy) vs busulfan (Bu)-based conditioning (P<0.05), and among leukemia patients transplanted at first remission vs later remissions (P<0.01) and with no cranial irradiation (cranial radiotherapy, CRT) vs given CRT (14–24 Gy) (P<0.01). The majority of recipients conditioned with only Cy vs TBI (P<0.001) or vs Bu-based regimens (P<0.01) showed preserved ovarian function and required no estrogen replacement at their latest follow-up visit at a mean age of 23±6.3 years (range 15–41). Ten women became pregnant.

Conclusions

Patients conditioned with TBI or Bu-based regimes are at high risk of ovarian failure. Intensive anti-leukemia therapy before HSCT including CRT especially among relapsed patients may further decrease the possibility of spontaneous menarche.
Building Healthy Children: Evidence-Based Home Visitation Integrated With Pediatric Medical Homes
Authors: Paradis Heather A. , Sandler Mardy , Manly Jody Todd , Valentine Laurie
Published: November 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

The Building Healthy Children (BHC) collaborative has successfully integrated home visitation into medical care of infants born to young, low-income mothers. Patients receive parenting education, and therapy for parent-child trauma and maternal depression through home visitation. The goals are to avoid child maltreatment, improve parent and child health, and enhance family functioning.

METHODS:

This randomized trial tests combining 3 evidence-based services versus screening and referral to community services only. Patients of 3 primary care practices are screened for eligibility (no previous Child Protective Services indication, maternal age <21 at first delivery, and ≤2 children younger than age 3). Treatment families receive Parents as Teachers, child-parent psychotherapy, and interpersonal psychotherapy as needed. Outreach workers assist with concrete needs, including transportation to medical visits. Participant evaluations and reviews of pediatric medical charts are performed at regular intervals. Electronic medical record communications and BHC social workers ensure full integration with the medical home.

RESULTS:

Of all eligible families approached, 75% (n = 497) enrolled in BHC and 85% remained enrolled by age 3. At baseline, 37% of mothers were victims of child abuse/neglect, 22% showed significant depressive symptoms, and 59% of children were exposed to domestic violence. Preliminary analyses demonstrate avoidance of indicated Child Protective reports and foster placement and high rates of preventive care for enrolled children.

CONCLUSIONS:

BHC offers a unique model of evidence-based home visiting services integrated into primary care. This promising program demonstrates high retention rates and addresses the multidimensional needs of young at-risk families.
Clarificação de polpa de camu-camu por microfiltração
Authors: Barreto Angela Gava , Cabral Lourdes Maria Corrêa , Matta Virgínia Martins da , Freitas Suely Pereira
Published: November 2013

O camu-camu é um fruto da região amazônica que despertou interesse da comunidade científica devido à sua elevada concentração de vitamina C. O processamento do camu-camu, para obtenção de suco, é uma alternativa para aumentar a sua conservação e incentivar o seu consumo. Processos de separação por membranas são conduzidos em condições brandas de temperatura e pressão, preservando compostos termossensíveis e, consequentemente, a qualidade do produto final. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho do processo de microfiltração para obtenção de suco de camu-camu clarificado, avaliando-se o efeito da temperatura de processo sobre o teor de vitamina C e de compostos fenólicos totais, bem como sobre o valor da atividade antioxidante total do produto obtido. O processo conduzido a 45 °C apresentou a melhor retenção de vitamina C em relação às demais temperaturas estudadas. Neste caso, o fluxo de permeado médio foi de 75 Lh-1m-2. Foi verificado que a clarificação de polpa de camu-camu requer um pré-tratamento da polpa integral para assegurar um maior fluxo de permeado e, consequentemente, aumentar o rendimento de processo. Concluiu-se também que o aumento do fator de concentração, para um mesmo intervalo de tempo, não apresentou um efeito significativo no teor dos compostos avaliados no suco clarificado.
Análise de séries temporais de multicaminho em estações de monitoramento contínuo
Authors: Alves Daniele Barroca Marra , Souza Eniuce Menezes de , Kaneshiro Victor Yudi , Souza Jéssica Saldanha
Published: November 2013

Dados de estações de referência são muito empregados no posicionamento GNSS (Gobal Navigation Satellite System). Os dados dessas estações podem ser utilizados no posicionamento relativo ou no conceito de posicionamento baseado em redes. Erros nos sinais coletados nessas estações irão influenciar diretamente a acurácia do posicionamento. Nesse artigo, o objetivo é avaliar a qualidade desses dados através de séries temporais dos índices MP1 e MP2 de multicaminho. Foi realizado um estudo estatístico de séries temporais com 7 anos de observações diárias de 7 estações da RBMC (Rede Brasileira de Monitoramento Contínuo). Foi empregada modelagem harmônica, correlogramas e periodogramas de Fourier para avaliar tendência e uma possível sazonalidade das séries. Também foi utilizado um ajuste harmônico para identificar possíveis picos que ocorrem sazonalmente nas séries temporais. Finalizando, foram apontadas as possíveis causas da sazonalidade encontrada na maior parte das estações, onde foi possível notar picos dos valores de MP nos meses de março e outubro (principalmente nas estações localizadas na região do equador geomagnético).
Estimativa e análise de índices de irregularidades da ionosfera utilizando dados GPS de redes ativas
Authors: Pereira Vinícius Amadeu Stuani , Camargo Paulo de Oliveira
Published: November 2013

As observáveis GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) são afetadas por erros sistemáticos devido aos elétrons livres presentes na ionosfera. O erro associado à ionosfera depende do Conteúdo Total de Elétrons (TEC - Total Electron Content), que é influenciado por diversas variáveis: ciclo solar, época do ano, hora local, localização geográfica e atividade geomagnética. Os receptores GPS (Global Positioning System), GLONASS (Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System) e Galileo de dupla frequência permitem calcular o erro que afeta as observáveis GNSS e o TEC. Com a taxa de variação do TEC (ROT - Rate of TEC) pode-se determinar índices que indicam irregularidades da ionosfera, permitindo assim fazer inferências sobre o comportamento da mesma. Atualmente é possível realizar estudos dessa natureza no Brasil, devido às diversas Redes Ativas disponíveis, tais como a RBMC/RIBaC (Rede Brasileira de Monitoramento Contínuo/Rede INCRA de Bases Comunitárias) e a Rede GNSS Ativa do Estado de São Paulo. A pesquisa proposta visou à estimativa e análise de índices de irregularidades da ionosfera, além de suprir as geociências de informações sobre o comportamento da ionosfera.
Aplicação do método de irradiação tridimensional no monitoramento de barragens
Authors: Siguel Alyne Raminelli , Faggion Pedro Luis , Veiga Luís Augusto Koenig , Nadal Carlos Aurélio , Mattos Marcelo da Silva , Soares Marcos Alberto
Published: November 2013

Com a finalidade de verificar a estabilidade de pontos de monitoramento previamente selecionados e materializados a jusante da barragem da usina hidrelétrica Mauá, localizada no rio Tibagi, entre os municípios de Ortigueira e Telêmaco Borba, estado do Paraná, aplicou-se o método de irradiação topográfica tridimensional para determinar suas coordenadas. O estudo do comportamento se dá pela comparação das coordenadas dos pontos obtidas entre duas ou mais épocas distintas. Para isso, estabeleceu-se uma rede geodésica materializada por meio de pilares de concreto, dotados de um sistema de centragem forçada e construídos de forma que a fundação alcançasse a rocha da região. Estes, foram monitorados através de técnicas GNSS onde constatou-se sua estabilidade, servindo então como referência para o monitoramento dos pontos irradiados. Após distintas campanhas de levantamentos, realizadas antes e durante a formação do reservatório, utilizou-se um aplicativo em ambiente MatLab, desenvolvido para as finalidades deste projeto, onde são feitas análises e correções nos dados obtidos. Posteriormente, são calculadas as coordenadas tridimensionais dos pontos monitorados. Como resultados apresentam-se a variação das coordenadas utilizando-se a primeira campanha de levantamento, efetuada antes do início da formação do reservatório, como referência.
Estudo das correções gravimétricas para altitudes físicas aplicadas aos desníveis da RAAP
Authors: Severo Tiago Cavagnoli , Souza Sérgio Florêncio de , Matsuoka Marcelo Tomio , Gehlen Aleksei Kruger
Published: November 2013

A adoção de uma rede altimétrica consistente constitui uma importante necessidade dentro da modernização do sistema geodésico nos contextos brasileiro e sul-americano. Atualmente na Rede Altimétrica de Alta Precisão (RAAP) do Brasil aplica-se aos desníveis observados uma correção aproximada devido o não paralelismo das superfícies equipotenciais de forma a reduzir este erro, porém esta condição não assegura um significado físico para as altitudes. Buscando apresentar uma solução unívoca para a realização de sistemas altimétricos adota-se as altitudes físicas, as quais são fundamentadas no conhecimento do potencial da gravidade (W), baseado em importantes condições definidoras de um sistema vertical moderno. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo determinar e avaliar a magnitude das correções das altitudes dinâmica, ortométrica de Helmert e normal em uma linha de nivelamento pertencente à RAAP situada na região nordeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul em um trajeto que possui 1.179,73 m de desnível. Os resultados obtidos na correção dos desníveis observados para as altitudes dinâmicas, ortométricas e normais são respectivamente de -20,45; 11,79 e 4,19 centímetros, sendo o sistema de altitude normal o mais compatível à atual rede altimétrica brasileira, pois as correções para este tipo de altitude possuem a maior aproximação ao termo corretivo aplicado aos desníveis da RAAP, dentre os sistemas avaliados.
Avaliação do símbolo de orientação na cartografia tátil
Authors: Silva Renan Ramos da , Silva Luiz Felipe Coutinho Ferreira da
Published: November 2013

A ausência de um padrão na elaboração de mapas táteis influencia nos elementos de composição cartográfica, que em alguns casos ou são excluídos ou representados com características relacionadas à visão normal. Assim, o estudo investiga a relação entre os tipos do elemento orientação do mapa tátil relacionado à mobilidade com segurança do deficiente visual, visando distinguir a eficácia no processo de deslocamento. Deste modo, foram realizados experimentos com o objetivo de analisar dois tipos específicos de símbolos de orientações táteis utilizados no Brasil: um da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) e outro do Instituto Benjamin Constant (IBC). A escolha das duas instituições se deu porque as outras formas de orientações utilizadas no país são derivações das mesmas. A atividade envolveu quatro indivíduos cegos congênitos, e a área para realização dos experimentos foi o Instituto Benjamin Constant (IBC), no Rio de Janeiro, onde foi realizado um deslocamento de cada indivíduo da sala de geografia para o mini auditório a partir de orientações diferentes. Os resultados indicam que a percepção tátil e o processo de cognição relacionado à construção do mapa mental dos usuários apresentam influência no entendimento e uso das representações analisadas, a partir da hierarquização entre os elementos que compõem o mapa, do tempo de deslocamento e de apreensão tátil do elemento em análise.
The impacts of climate change on ecosystem structure and function
Authors: Grimm Nancy B , Chapin F Stuart , Bierwagen Britta , Gonzalez Patrick , Groffman Peter M , Luo Yiqi , Melton Forrest , Nadelhoffer Knute , Pairis Amber , Raymond Peter A , Schimel Josh , Williamson Craig E
Published: November 2013

Recent climate‐change research largely confirms the impacts on US ecosystems identified in the 2009 National Climate Assessment and provides greater mechanistic understanding and geographic specificity for those impacts. Pervasive climate‐change impacts on ecosystems are those that affect productivity of ecosystems or their ability to process chemical elements. Loss of sea ice, rapid warming, and higher organic inputs affect marine and lake productivity, while combined impacts of wildfire and insect outbreaks decrease forest productivity, mostly in the arid and semi‐arid West. Forests in wetter regions are more productive owing to warming. Shifts in species ranges are so extensive that by 2100 they may alter biome composition across 5–20% of US land area. Accelerated losses of nutrients from terrestrial ecosystems to receiving waters are caused by both winter warming and intensification of the hydrologic cycle. Ecosystem feedbacks, especially those associated with release of carbon dioxide and methane release from wetlands and thawing permafrost soils, magnify the rate of climate change.
The effect of SRT on nitrate formation during autotrophic nitrogen removal of anaerobically treated wastewater
Authors: Lee Po-Heng , Kwak Wonji , Bae Jeaho , McCarty Perry L.
Published: November 2013

Autotrophic nitrogen removal, coupling nitritation (ammonium to nitrite) with anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), offers a promising nitrogen-removal alternative, especially for post-treatment of anaerobically-treated wastewater. However, previous reports suggest that less than 90% total nitrogen removal should be expected with this process alone because over 10% of the ammonium removed will be converted to nitrate. This is caused because nitrite conversion to nitrate is required for reduction of carbon dioxide to cell carbon. However, recent research results suggest that more limited nitrate formation of only a few per cent sometimes occurs. It was hypothesized such lower nitrate yields may result from use of long solids retention times (SRT) where net biological yields are low, and providing that the ratio of oxygen added to influent ammonium concentrations is maintained at or below 0.75 mol/mol. Overall reaction equations were developed for each process and combined to evaluate the potential effect of SRT on process stoichiometry. The results support the use of a long SRT to reduce net cell yield, which in turn results in a small percentage conversion to nitrate during ammonium removal and high total nitrogen removals in the range of 90 to 94%.
Co-composting as an oxygen stabilization of an organic fraction of municipal solid waste and industrial sewage sludge
Authors: Milczarek M. , Neczaj E. , Parkitna K.
Published: November 2013

The purpose of this work is to study the characteristics of the co-composting of municipal solid waste (MSW), sewage sludge, grass and sawdust. Differing proportions of biodegradable waste were investigated through changes of temperature, oxygen consumption, organic matters, moisture content, carbon, nitrogen, C/N ratio as well as heavy metals and pathogen microorganisms content. The present study has shown that addition of MSW above 10% had a negative impact on the composting process. The initial C/N of the mixtures with a higher MSW content was below 18. Lower losses of organic matter occurred during composting for the mixture with the highest addition of MSW. Although studies have shown that composting is a good method for the disposal of organic waste additional research is required in order to optimize the organic and nitrogen compounds degradation during the co-composting process. In conclusion, a 1:4:4:1 mixture of MSW:sewage sludge:grass:sawdust is recommended because it can achieve high temperature as well as the highest organic matter degradation and highest N content in the final composting product. The concentration of heavy and light metals in all composts was within the limits of regulation of the Polish Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development.
Heavy metal tolerance and accumulation of Triarrhena sacchariflora, a large amphibious ornamental grass
Authors: Tian R. N. , Yu S. , Wang S. G. , Zhang Y. , Tang J. Y. , Liu Y. L. , Nie Y. H.
Published: November 2013

In this study, we report the tolerance and accumulation of Triarrhena sacchariflora to copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd). The results show that T. sacchariflora had strong tolerance to Cu and Cd stress. The tolerance indexes (TI) were greater than 0.5 for all treatments. The bioconcentration factors (BCFs) to Cu and Cd were both above 1.0. The accumulation ability of roots was stronger than that of shoots, and ranges of BCF to Cu and Cd in roots were 37.89–79.08 and 83.96–300.57, respectively. However, the translocation ability to Cu and Cd was weak, with more than 86% of Cu or Cd accumulated in roots, suggesting an exclusion strategy for heavy metal tolerance. The uptake efficiency (UE) and translocation efficiency (TE) to Cu and Cd increased linearly as the Cu and Cd concentration in the substrate increased. UE was higher than TE, with a maximum of 2,118.90 μg g−1 root dry weight (DW) (50 mg L−1 Cu) and 1,847.51 μg g−1 root DW (20 mg L−1Cd), respectively. The results indicate that T. sacchariflora is a Cu- and Cd-tolerant non-hyperaccumulator plant, suggesting that T. sacchariflora could play an important role in phytoremediation in areas contaminated with Cu and Cd.
Near-Term Prediction of Sudden Cardiac Death in Older Hemodialysis Patients Using Electronic Health Records
Authors: Goldstein Benjamin A. , Chang Tara I. , Mitani Aya A. , Assimes Themistocles L. , Winkelmayer Wolfgang C.
Published: November 2013

Background and objectives

Sudden cardiac death is the most common cause of death among individuals undergoing hemodialysis. The epidemiology of sudden cardiac death has been well studied, and efforts are shifting to risk assessment. This study aimed to test whether assessment of acute changes during hemodialysis that are captured in electronic health records improved risk assessment.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

Data were collected from all hemodialysis sessions of patients 66 years and older receiving hemodialysis from a large national dialysis provider between 2004 and 2008. The primary outcome of interest was sudden cardiac death the day of or day after a dialysis session. This study used data from 2004 to 2006 as the training set and data from 2007 to 2008 as the validation set. The machine learning algorithm, Random Forests, was used to derive the prediction model.

Results

In 22 million sessions, 898 people between 2004 and 2006 and 826 people between 2007 and 2008 died on the day of or day after a dialysis session that was serving as a training or test data session, respectively. A reasonably strong predictor was derived using just predialysis information (concordance statistic=0.782), which showed modest but significant improvement after inclusion of postdialysis information (concordance statistic=0.799, P<0.001). However, risk prediction decreased the farther out that it was forecasted (up to 1 year), and postdialytic information became less important.

Conclusion

Subtle changes in the experience of hemodialysis aid in the assessment of sudden cardiac death and are captured by modern electronic health records. The collected data are better for the assessment of near-term risk as opposed to longer-term risk.