bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Healing After Gender-Based Violence: A Qualitative Metasynthesis Using Meta-Ethnography
Authors: Sinko Laura , James Richard , Hughesdon Kathryn
Published: February 2021

Gender-based violence (GBV) is a significant violation of human rights, requiring specific understanding of how individuals heal and recover after these experiences. This article reports on findings of a qualitative metasynthesis that examined the nature of healing after GBV through the perspectives of female-identifying survivors. Empirical studies were identified by a search of peer-reviewed articles via electronic databases. Studies were included for review if they were available in the English language, reported on qualitative studies that directly engaged female-identifying survivors of GBV, and were aiming to understand the GBV healing journey, process, or goals. After our initial search, 1,107 articles were reviewed by title and abstract and 47 articles were reviewed for full text. Twenty-six peer-reviewed articles were included for the review and were analyzed using meta-ethnography. Key findings included the recovery journey as a nonlinear, iterative experience that requires active engagement and patience. Healing was composed of (1) trauma processing and reexamination, (2) managing negative states, (3) rebuilding the self, (4) connecting with others, and (5) regaining hope and power. “Shifts” or “turning points” are also mentioned which catalyzed healing prioritization. This article aggregates and examines the scientific literature to date on GBV healing and provides articulation of the limitations, gaps in evidence, and areas for intervention. The article considers implications for future research, policy, and practice and, in particular, focuses our attention on the need to expand our knowledge of alternative recovery pathways and mechanisms for healing.
Identification of Novel Biomarkers Associated With the Prognosis and Potential Pathogenesis of Breast Cancer via Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Wu Meng , Li Qingdai , Wang Hongbing
Published: February 2021

Background:

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy and a major cause of cancer-related deaths in women globally. Identification of novel prognostic and pathogenesis biomarkers play a pivotal role in the management of the disease.

Methods:

Three data sets from the GEO database were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in breast cancer. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses were performed to elucidate the functional roles of the DEGs. Besides, we investigated the translational and protein expression levels and survival data of the DEGs in patients with breast cancer from the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), Oncomine, Human Protein Atlas, and Kaplan Meier plotter tool databases. The corresponding change in the expression level of microRNAs in the DEGs was also predicted using miRWalk and TargetScan, and the expression profiles were analyzed using OncomiR. Finally, the expression of novel DEGs were validated in Chinese breast cancer tissues by RT-qPCR.

Results:

A total of 46 DEGs were identified, and GO analysis revealed that these genes were mainly associated with biological processes involved in fatty acid, lipid localization, and regulation of lipid metabolism. Two novel biomarkers, ADH1A and IGSF10, and 4 other genes ( APOD, KIT, RBP4, and SFRP1) that were implicated in the prognosis and pathogenesis of breast cancer, exhibited low expression levels in breast cancer tissues. Besides, 14/25 microRNAs targeting 6 genes were first predicted to be associated with breast cancer prognosis. RT-qPCR results of ADH1A and IGSF10 expression in Chinese breast cancer tissues were consistent with the database analysis and showed significant down-regulation.

Conclusion:

ADH1A, IGSF10, and the 14 microRNAs were found to be potential novel biomarkers for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of breast cancer.
Reporting ‘African gangs’: Theorising journalistic practice during a multi-mediated moral panic
Authors: Koumouris Gregory , Blaustein Jarrett
Published: February 2021

This article uses Bourdieusian field theory to examine how journalistic practices contributed to a multi-mediated moral panic about ‘African gangs’ in Melbourne, Australia. Empirical insight is supplied via interviews with journalists who identified traditional media outlets as ‘secondary definers’ that amplified and legitimised this racialised threat construction. Participants attributed the intense and sensationalised media coverage to the political climate, the newsworthiness of racialised ‘folk devils’, and the economic and technological transformation of the journalistic field. These transformations were perceived to have negatively influenced journalistic standards by incentivising the efficient production of commodifiable content. Participants described how these structural changes were filtered through the social personalities of different news outlets; they shaped, and were reproduced through, distinct managerial cultures, editorial routines and journalistic habitus. The emergent nomos (‘rules of the game’) was perceived to constrain the autonomy of journalists, particularly those lacking cultural capital, and limit opportunities for contestation of the ‘African gangs’ narrative. Journalists seemingly adapted by engaging in practices which reflected their attempts to negotiate these conditions and establish coherent narrative identities. In some cases, this entailed the neutralisation of what journalists recognised as ethically questionably reporting practices.
Media accountability in the age of social media: Participatory transparency of the audience in Spain
Authors: Chaparro-Domínguez María-Ángeles , Pérez-Pereiro Marta , Rodríguez-Martínez Ruth
Published: February 2021

The mass media is increasingly promoting public participation. Taking as a starting point the participatory transparency concept enunciated by Karlsson (2010), our research studies the audience’s active role in holding Spanish media to account through a range of online tools. We study the role of the audience by analyzing the perceptions of two main actors: journalists and citizens. A two-fold methodology was adopted: a questionnaire survey of 228 active journalists in Spain and six focus group panels with media users. The main results show that the journalists are not optimistic about the effectiveness of accountability instruments used by the audience. The users value positively being able to participate in the journalistic process, although they believe that journalists should ultimately perform the role of fact-checkers of user-generated content.
Functional outcomes and complications following convertible primary total elbow arthroplasty: A single surgeon series
Authors: Bhat Mahendar Gururaj , Desai Ankit , Patel Vipul R
Published: February 2021

Background

The data on convertible total elbow arthroplasty are limited and primarily based on multiple centre/multiple surgeon series. The aim of this study was to report the mid-term functional outcomes, radiological findings, complications and survivorship of the Latitude total elbow arthroplasty performed by a single surgeon.

Study design & methods

The study included 13 patients (10 females, mean age of 72 years and varying indications) over eight years. The Oxford Elbow Score (OES), Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS), range of movements (ROM), Subjective Elbow Value (SEV), satisfaction score (SS) and the revision rate of the implant per 100 observed component years (OCY) were assessed.

Results

The mean follow-up was 5.9 years (3–10 years). The Oxford Elbow Score/Mayo Elbow Performance Score improved from 15 to 42 ( p value < 0.005)/26% to 93% ( p value < 0.005) respectively. The arc of extension-flexion/supination-pronation improved from 63° to 106° ( p = 0.00002)/123° to 142° ( p = 0.32) respectively. The Subjective Elbow Value/Satisfaction Score was 83/98 respectively. There was one re-operation for a deep infection. There were no radiologic signs of loosening and the revision rate was 0.15 per 100 observed component years.

Conclusions

With careful patient selection, convertible total elbow arthroplasty provides patients with good to excellent outcomes and substantial improvements in the range of movements.
Surgeon involvement in clinical coding to improve data accuracy and remuneration in a shoulder and elbow unit
Authors: Kyriacou Steven , Butt David , Rudge Will , Higgs Deborah , Falworth Mark , Majed Addie
Published: February 2021

Background

Clinical coders are dependent on clear data regarding diagnoses and procedures to generate an accurate representation of clinical activity and ensure appropriate remuneration is received. The accuracy of this process may potentially be improved by collaboration with the surgical team.

Methods

Between November 2017 and November 2019, 19 meetings took place between the Senior Clinical Fellow of our tertiary Shoulder & Elbow Unit and the coding validation lead of our Trust. At each meeting, the Clinical Fellow assessed the operative note of cases in which uncertainty existed as to the most suitable clinical codes to apply and selected the codes which most accurately represented the operative intervention performed.

Results

Over a 24-month period, clinical coding was reviewed in 153 cases (range 3–14 per meeting, mean 8). Following review, the clinical coding was amended in 102 (67%) of these cases. A total of £115,160 additional income was generated as a result of this process (range £1677–£15,796 per meeting, mean £6061). Only 6 out of 28 (21%) cases initially coded as arthroscopic sub-acromial decompressions were correctly coded as such.

Discussion

Surgeon input into clinical coding greatly improves data quality and increases remuneration received for operative interventions performed.
Medico-Legal Opinion Based on Autopsy Findings of a Victim of an Explosion Involving Mass Fatality
Authors: Thivaharan Yalini , Kitulwatte Indira Deepthi Gamage
Published: February 2021

Introduction:

Investigation into explosions is one of the major areas in forensic medicine and pathology. Medico legal issues associated with these deaths are diverse and forensic experts are often expected to make clarifications. Assistance of a methodical scientific investigation of such a death in evaluation of unanswered medico legal issues, of an autopsy of one of the victims of Easter Sunday explosions is discussed.

Case history:

The deceased was a 15-year-old girl who was participating in the Easter mass at St. Sebastian’s Church - Kattuwapaitya, Negombo, Sri Lanka when a suicide bomber blew himself up. The mother of the deceased noticed the deceased being rushed to the hospital. However, she was pronounced dead on admission. Pre-autopsy radiology revealed spherical shrapnel in the temporal region. At autopsy, the fatal injury was found on the head and a detailed study revealed skull fractures associated with penetration by 3 shrapnels. There was a keyhole lesion among the penetrations. Internal examination revealed an extensive dural tear underlying the compound fracture. The brain was grossly edematous with lacerations on the frontal and parietal lobes associated with localized subarachnoid hemorrhage. There were multiple underlying contusions on bilateral frontal white matter. Small subarachnoid haemorrhage was noted on the basal aspect of the brain.

Discussion:

Careful evaluation of the autopsy findings assisted in formulating the opinion scientifically on event reconstruction including the proximity of the victim to the epicenter of explosion and nature of explosive device, period of survival, mechanism of causation of skull fractures and the mechanism of death in addition to the cause of death.

Conclusion:

A forensic pathologist following a meticulous autopsy examination, along with a team of ballistic experts and specially trained police personnel play a pivotal task in analyzing a scene of explosion and an autopsy of a victim, in concluding the case and in bringing justice to all the victims and survivors of the catastrophe.
β-Pinene Derived Products With Enhanced In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Feng Xuezhen , Xiao Zhuanquan , Yang Yuling , Chen Shangxing , Liao Shengliang , Luo Hai , He Lu , Wang Zongde , Fan Guorong
Published: February 2021

The development of new antimicrobials has always been a research hotspot. In this study, β-pinene-based derivatives were synthesized, and their antimicrobial activity was evaluated. The purpose was to develop some novel, promising new fungicides. Three β-pinene derivatives containing bis-hydronopyl were prepared, and their antifungal and antibacterial activities were evaluated against 6 plant pathogenic fungi and 4 bacterial species; a preliminary structure-activity relationship is discussed. The results indicated that the derivatives containing the blend of alkyl group and bis-hydronopyl had potent inhibitory activities against plant fungal pathogens and bacteria. Among these molecules, bis-hydronopyl dimethyl ammonium bromide showed excellent effects on Colletotrichum acutatum with a half-maximal effective concentration of 0.538 µg/mL, which was lower than that of carbendazim. Scanning electron microscope showed that after administration of bis-hydronopyl dimethyl ammonium bromide (compound 3a), the C. acutatum mycelia were sunken and deformed in comparison with the control group. Furthermore, the inhibitory activities of the methyl derivatives against the plant pathogens were better than those of the ethyl derivatives. These results provide new insights into the inhibition of fungi and bacteria by β-pinene derivatives, which may lead them to be used as precursor molecules for novel pesticides and antimicrobials in further research.
Chemical Constituents of the Marine Sponge Aaptos aaptos (Schmidt, 1864) and Their Cytotoxic Activity
Authors: Trang Do Thi , Huu Tai Bui , Hang Dan Thuy , Yen Pham Hai , Huong Phan Thi Thanh , Nhiem Nguyen Xuan , Van Kiem Phan
Published: February 2021

Seven compounds (1-7) were isolated from the marine sponge Aaptos aaptos living in the Vietnamese sea. Their structures were determined as 2 hours, 5 H,7 H,9 H-9 S-hydroxy-imidazo[1,5- α]pyridine-1,3-dione (1), 3-([9-methylhexadecyl]oxy)propane-1,2-diol 2, 2,3-dihydro-2,3-dioxoaaptamine (3), indol-3-aldehyde (4), methyl indole-3-carboxylate (5) 4-hydroxy-5-(indole-3-yl)−5-oxo-pentan-2-one (6), and thymidine (7) by extensive analysis of HR-ESI-MS, 1D, and 2D NMR spectral data, as well as by comparison of the spectral data with those reported in the literature. In addition, the absolute configuration of 1 was determined from the experimental ECD spectrum and comparison of this with the theoretical ECD calculations using the TDDFT method. Compounds 1 and 2 were isolated from nature for the first time. Compound 3 induced cytotoxic activity against SK-LU-1, MCF-7, HepG2, and SK-Mel-2 cell lines with IC50 values of 41.27 ± 2.63, 40.70 ± 2.65, 34.31 ± 3.43, and 36.63 ± 1.40 µM, respectively.
Activity of Cordycepin From Cordyceps sinensis Against Drug-Resistant Tumor Cells as Determined by Gene Expression and Drug Sensitivity Profiling
Authors: Özenver Nadire , Boulos Joelle C. , Efferth Thomas
Published: February 2021

Cordycepin is one of the substantial components of the parasitic fungus Cordyceps sinensis as well as other Cordyceps species. It exerts various effects such as antimetastatic, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective activities. Assorted studies revealed in vitro and in vivo anticancer influence of cordycepin and put forward its potential for cancer therapy. However, the role of multidrug resistance-associated mechanisms for the antitumor effect of cordycepin has not been investigated in great detail thus far. Therefore, we searched cordycepin’s cytotoxicity with regard to well-known anticancer drug resistance mechanisms, including ABCB1, ABCB5, ABCC1, ABCG2, EGFR, and TP53, and identified putative molecular determinants related to the cellular responsiveness of cordycepin. Bioinformatic analyses of NCI microarray data and gene promoter transcription factor binding motif analyses were performed to specify the mechanisms of cordycepin towards cancer cells. COMPARE and hierarchical analyses led to the detection of the genes involved in cordycepin’s cytotoxicity and sensitivity and resistance of cell lines towards cordycepin. Tumor-type dependent response and cross-resistance profiles were further unravelled. We found transcription factors potentially involved in the common transcriptional regulation of the genes identified by COMPARE analyses. Cordycepin bypassed resistance mediated by the expression of ATP-binding cassete (ABC) transporters (P-gp, ABCB5, ABCC1 and BCRP) and mutant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The drug sensitivity profiles of several DNA Topo I and II inhibitors were significantly correlated with those of cordycepin’s activity. Among eight different tumor types, prostate cancer was the most sensitive, whereas renal carcinoma was the most resistant to cordycepin. NF-κB was discovered as a common transcription factor. The potential of cordycepin is set forth as a potential new drug lead by bioinformatic evaluations. Further experimental studies are warranted for better understanding of cordycepin’s activity against cancer.
Diagnostic Value of Interleukin-34 as a Novel Biomarker for Severity of Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Udomsinprasert Wanvisa , Panon Kittaporn , Preechanukul Siraphop , Jittikoon Jiraphun , Jinawath Artit , Honsawek Sittisak
Published: February 2021

Objectives

This study aimed to determine whether plasma and synovial fluid interleukin-34 (IL-34), an inflammatory cytokine reportedly implicated in synovial inflammation-induced joint degeneration, were associated with radiographic severity of knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients and could emerge as knee OA biomarkers.

Design

Ninety-six knee OA patients and 72 healthy controls were recruited. Plasma and synovial fluid IL-34 levels were quantified using ELISA. IL-34 mRNA and protein expressions in inflamed ( n = 15) and noninflamed synovial tissues ( n = 15) of knee OA patients were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, respectively.

Results

Significant increases in plasma and synovial fluid IL-34 levels were found in knee OA patients—especially those with advanced stage ( P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). Both plasma and synovial fluid IL-34 levels were positively associated with radiographic severity ( r = 0.64, P < 0.001; r = 0.50, P < 0.001, respectively). There was a direct link between plasma and synovial fluid IL-34 ( r = 0.64, P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis uncovered that the optimal cutoff value of plasma IL-34 as a novel biomarker reflecting knee OA severity was defined at 3750.0 pg/mL (AUC = 0.85), with a sensitivity of 83.1% and a specificity of 74.2%. Further analysis revealed that IL-34 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated in inflamed synovium compared with noninflamed synovium obtained from knee OA patients ( P < 0.001), consistent with protein expression analysis demonstrating IL-34 overexpression localized in the lining and sublining layers of inflamed synovium.

Conclusions

All findings suggest that elevated plasma and synovial fluid IL-34 would reflect knee OA severity and might have potential utility as biomarkers for the disease progression.
Risk Factors Associated with COVID-19 Infected Healthcare Workers in Muscat Governorate, Oman
Authors: Al Abri Zahir Ghassan Hilal , Al Zeedi Manar Al Sanaa Ali , Al Lawati Anwar Ahmed
Published: February 2021

Introduction:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly worldwide, causing a global public health crisis. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are vulnerable due to their role in the management of COVID-19 infected patients. As of June 2020, a total of 847 HCWs in Oman had reportedly contracted COVID-19, with an incidence rate of 1.47%. This study therefore aimed to identify factors associated with COVID-19 infection among HCWs in Muscat Governorate, Oman, as well as to evaluate adherence to infection prevention and control (IPC) measures.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study involved cases of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection among HCWs working under the Directorate General of Health Services of Muscat Governorate, Ministry of Health, between February and June 2020. Data regarding the participants’ sociodemographic characteristics, risk factors, pre-existing medical conditions, and adherence to IPC measures were collected using a self-administered questionnaire distributed via a web-based mobile application.

Results:

A total of 126 HCWs with confirmed COVID-19 infection participated in the study. Of these, 72.2% were female, 53.2% worked in primary care facilities, and 61.1% were medical doctors or nurses. Only 18.1% were over 45 years of age and 30.2% had pre-existing medical conditions. While 29.4% had never received IPC training, the majority followed recommended hand hygiene practice (96.8%) and social distancing protocols (93.7%) and wore protective facemasks for routine patient care (96.9%).

Conclusion:

While the majority of HCWs followed crucial IPC measures, one-third had never received specific IPC training or faced restrictions on PPE use. HCWs, including those in housekeeping and administrative functions are recommended to undergo rigorous IPC training. In addition, high-risk HCWs could be assigned duties away from active COVID 19 cases. It is recommended to restructure health facilities for better adherence to IPC standards.
Self-made wire-rope button plate: A novel option for the treatment of distal tibiofibular syndesmosis separation
Authors: Wei Xiang-Ke , Jing Guang-Wu , Shu Yang , Tong Jie , Wang Jin-Hua
Published: February 2021

Objective:

To compare the clinical effect of the self-made wire-rope button plate and cortical screw in the treatment of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis separation.

Methods:

Total 26 patients with distal tibiofibular syndesmosis separation were treated with internal fixation with a self-made wire-rope button plate and cortical screw. They were divided into a self-made wire-rope button plate group and cortical screw group. self-made wire-rope button plate group: 12 cases of inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis were reconstructed by self-made wire-rope button plate. Cortical screw group: 14 cases of inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis were reconstructed by cortical screw. The follow-up data of 2, 6, 12 weeks and 6 and 12 months after operation were collected.

Results:

There was no significant difference in operative time, the amount of intraoperative bleeding and postoperative complications between the two groups (P > 0.05). Comparison of postoperative complications: There was no loosening and rupturing of internal fixation in the self-made wire-rope button plate group. In the cortical screw group, the rupture of screws was found in 1 case, which occurred in the 10th weeks after the operation, and the broken screws were removed after 1 year with other internal fixations. Within 12 weeks of reoperation to remove the internal fixation rate: There was a significant difference in the rate of reoperation to remove the internal fixation within 12 weeks (p < 0.05). At the last follow-up, the AOFAS score of the ankle joint were 94 ± 4.79 in the self-made wire-rope button plate group and 92.8 ± 6.73 in the cortical screw group. There was no significant difference (P > 0. 05).

Conclusion:

The self-made wire-rope button plate and cortical screw can effectively treat the separation of the tibiofibular syndesmosis. It provides a new choice for the treatment of inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis.
Rehabilitation of Minor CSE Victims at Alternate Care Protective Homes
Authors: Debnath Raji Menon , Wadia Havovi
Published: February 2021

Globally, child trafficking continues to be an organised crime violating the human rights of children, resulting in their psychological, physical, sexual and economic abuse. Once rescued from commercial sexual exploitation (CSE), minors are either restored to families or placed in protective homes, till they turn 18. These homes are ill-equipped to deal with the complex needs of minors who have undergone traumatic experiences, lost the security of a family and the chances that educational attainment or social capital can provide. This article will look at an intervention to rehabilitate minors living in a protective home in Mumbai, and presents lived experiences and perceptions of former residents, who have participated in this intervention and additionally discuss the effectiveness of the exercise. Numerous cases showed positive outcomes and suggest that alternative care for minor victims of CSE can be a noteworthy option, when supported adequately with trauma counselling and robust rehabilitation plans.
Influence of machining parameters on micro-motion platform displacement during grinding Al-Mg alloys workpiece assisted by two-dimensional low-frequency vibration
Authors: Yu Shiyang , Ji Shijun , Zhao Ji , Zhang Chao , Dai Handa
Published: February 2021

The main factors affecting the displacement of micro-motion platform during the grinding process are spindle speed, cutting force, and piezoelectric ceramic input voltage model. This article, using the orthogonal test method, found a set of machining parameters which lead to less displacement deviation between practical test and theoretic analysis. First of all, single-factor experiments were carried out to study how spindle speed, cutting force, and piezoelectric ceramic input voltage model affect the experimental results, and then the orthogonal test was conducted. The experimental datum shows that voltage model was the most influential factor, followed by spindle speed and cutting force. The optimum combination of grinding parameters was obtained as spindle speed of 800 r/min, cutting force of 18 N, and voltage model radius of 12 µm. At this time, the average unit error of displacement of micro-motion platform was 9.13%.
Flexural anisotropy of rift-sawn softwood boards induced by the end-grain orientation
Authors: Hwang Sung-Wook , Isoda Hiroshi , Nakagawa Takafumi , Sugiyama Junji
Published: February 2021

Inspired by the use of rift-sawn softwood board for covering curved surfaces in Kokerabuki, a traditional Japanese roofing method, we investigated the flexural anisotropy of wood caused by its end-grain orientation. We measured the flexural displacement of softwood species, Chamaecyparis obtusa and Cryptomeria japonica, and hardwood species, Populus suaveolens and Cerasus serrulata. For the softwood species, this was approximately five times longer for the rift-sawn specimens than for the other grain patterns. Using the replica method to measure the softwood tracheid deformation with different flexural displacements, we confirmed the different deformation mechanisms of the tracheid in the flat- and quarter-sawn specimens, and rift-sawn specimens. In the flat- and quarter-sawn woods, on-axis loading was generated, in which the stress was concentrated on the radial and tangential cell walls parallel to the direction of tension or compression. By contrast, in the rift-sawn wood, off-axis loading was generated, in which the stress was evenly distributed throughout the corner cell walls without the wall directly resisting the tensile and compressive forces. We also concluded that the tapered shape of the tracheid walls contributes to the excellent flexibility of rift-sawn softwood.
High-Performance Triboelectric Devices via Dielectric Polarization: A Review
Authors: Kim Minsoo P. , Um Doo-Seung , Shin Young-Eun , Ko Hyunhyub
Published: February 2021

Energy harvesting devices based on the triboelectric effect have attracted great attention because of their higher output performance compared to other nanogenerators, which have been utilized in various wearable applications. Based on the working mechanism, the triboelectric performance is mainly proportional to the surface charge density of the triboelectric materials. Various approaches, such as modification of the surface functional group and dielectric composition of the triboelectric materials, have been employed to enhance the surface charge density, leading to improvements in triboelectric performances. Notably, tuning the dielectric properties of triboelectric materials can significantly increase the surface charge density because the surface charge is proportional to the relative permittivity of the triboelectric material. The relative dielectric constant is modified by dielectric polarization, such as electronic, vibrational (or atomic), orientation (or dipolar), ionic, and interfacial polarization. Therefore, such polarization represents a critical factor toward improving the dielectric constant and consequent triboelectric performance. In this review, we summarize the recent insights on the improvement of triboelectric performance via enhanced dielectric polarization.
CHICKN: extraction of peptide chromatographic elution profiles from large scale mass spectrometry data by means of Wasserstein compressive hierarchical cluster analysis
Authors: Permiakova Olga , Guibert Romain , Kraut Alexandra , Fortin Thomas , Hesse Anne-Marie , Burger Thomas
Published: February 2021

Background

The clustering of data produced by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry analyses (LC-MS data) has recently gained interest to extract meaningful chemical or biological patterns. However, recent instrumental pipelines deliver data which size, dimensionality and expected number of clusters are too large to be processed by classical machine learning algorithms, so that most of the state-of-the-art relies on single pass linkage-based algorithms.

Results

We propose a clustering algorithm that solves the powerful but computationally demanding kernel k-means objective function in a scalable way. As a result, it can process LC-MS data in an acceptable time on a multicore machine. To do so, we combine three essential features: a compressive data representation, Nyström approximation and a hierarchical strategy. In addition, we propose new kernels based on optimal transport, which interprets as intuitive similarity measures between chromatographic elution profiles.

Conclusions

Our method, referred to as CHICKN, is evaluated on proteomics data produced in our lab, as well as on benchmark data coming from the literature. From a computational viewpoint, it is particularly efficient on raw LC-MS data. From a data analysis viewpoint, it provides clusters which differ from those resulting from state-of-the-art methods, while achieving similar performances. This highlights the complementarity of differently principle algorithms to extract the best from complex LC-MS data.
Isolation, culture, and characterization of chicken intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Ghiselli Federico , Rossi Barbara , Felici Martina , Parigi Maria , Tosi Giovanni , Fiorentini Laura , Massi Paola , Piva Andrea , Grilli Ester
Published: February 2021

Background

Enterocytes exert an absorptive and protective function in the intestine, and they encounter many different challenging factors such as feed, bacteria, and parasites. An intestinal epithelial in vitro model can help to understand how enterocytes are affected by these factors and contribute to the development of strategies against pathogens.

Results

The present study describes a novel method to culture and maintain primary chicken enterocytes and their characterization by immunofluorescence and biomolecular approaches. Starting from 19-day-old chicken embryos it was possible to isolate viable intestinal cell aggregates that can expand and produce a self-maintaining intestinal epithelial cell population that survives until 12 days in culture. These cells resulted positive in immunofluorescence to Cytokeratin 18, Zonula occludens 1, Villin, and Occludin that are common intestinal epithelial markers, and negative to Vimentin that is expressed by endothelial cells. Cells were cultured also on Transwell® permeable supports and trans-epithelial electrical resistance, was measured. This value gradually increased reaching 64 Ω*cm2 7 days after seeding and it remained stable until day 12.

Conclusions

Based on these results it was confirmed that it is possible to isolate and maintain chicken intestinal epithelial cells in culture and that they can be suitable as in vitro intestinal model for further studies.
Barriers, enablers, and opportunities for organisational follow-up of workplace violence from the perspective of emergency department nurses: a qualitative study
Authors: Thomas Brodie , McGillion Anthony , Edvardsson Kristina , O’Meara Peter , Van Vuuren Julia , Spelten Evelien
Published: February 2021

Background

A lack of follow-up of violence incidents and assaulted staff has been associated with high levels of workplace violence. There is a paucity of literature on the barriers, enablers and opportunities for organisational follow-up of workplace violence. The aim of this study was to explore the barriers, enablers and opportunities for organisational follow-up of workplace violence from the perspective of Emergency Department nurses.

Methods

This qualitative study comprised two focus groups with Emergency Department nurses. Data were analysed thematically. COREQ guidelines were followed for the design and reporting of the study.

Results

The barriers to follow-up in this study relate to the type of perpetrator, the initial incident response, the incident reporting process and organisational action. The enablers included hospital initiatives to manage violence and support staff wellbeing. The opportunities included strategies to improve follow-up and ideas for new follow-up strategies.

Conclusions

Organisational follow-up is important for the emotional and professional wellbeing of staff who experience workplace violence. Opportunities for follow-up include exploring different approaches to patients with mental health issues and focussing on reoffenders by providing appropriate support and consequences. Managers should advocate for efficient and standardised reporting processes and ensure assaulted staff have a clear perception of follow-up and are included in the follow-up process. Including the perpetrators in the follow-up process may reduce workplace violence.
Lactoferrin amyloid presenting as a mural nodule in a pancreatic cystic lesion prompting pancreatoduodenectomy: a case report
Authors: Baugh Katherine A. , Desai Svetang , Van Buren 2nd George , Fisher William E. , Farinas Carlos A. , Dhingra Sadhna
Published: February 2021

Background

Amyloid deposition in pancreas is rare. Lactoferrin amyloid deposition has not been reported in pancreas, till date. Presence of enhancing mural nodule in a cyst on imaging is a worrisome feature for malignancy, and warrants surgical resection in a surgically fit candidate, as per Fukuoka guidelines for management of cystic lesions in pancreas.

Case report

We report a case of localized amyloidosis presenting as a mural nodule in a 1.6 cm cyst located in the head of pancreas, which led to pancreatoduodenectomy in a 69 year old woman. Histological evaluation revealed a simple mucinous cyst with localized lactoferrin amyloid deposition corresponding to the mural nodule identified on imaging.

Conclusions

We report the first case of localized lactoferrin amyloid deposition in pancreas that presented as a mural nodule in a cystic lesion and prompted pancreatoduodenectomy. This unique case illustrates that on rare occasion mural nodule in a cyst can be benign. It adds amyloid deposition to the differential diagnosis of mural nodules in pancreatic cystic lesions seen on imaging.
Impact of rifampicin dose in bone and joint prosthetic device infections due to Staphylococcus spp: a retrospective single-center study in France
Authors: Tonnelier M. , Bouras A. , Joseph C. , Samad Y. El , Brunschweiler B. , Schmit J.-L. , Mabille C. , Lanoix J-P
Published: February 2021

Background

Prosthetic joint infections (PJI) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality burden worldwide. While surgical management is well defined, rifampicin (RIF) dose remains controversial. The aim of our study was to determine whether Rifampicin dose impact infection outcomes in PJI due to Staphylococcus spp.

Methods

single-center retrospective study including 411 patients with PJI due to Rifampicin-sensitive Staphylococcus spp. Rifampicine dose was categorized as follow: < 10 mg/kg/day, 10–20 mg/kg/day or > 20 mg/kg/day. The primary endpoint was patient recovery, defined as being free of infection during 12 months after the end of the initial antibiotic course.

Results

321 (78%) received RIF for the full antibiotic course. RIF dose didn’t affect patients recovery rate with 67, 76 and 69% in the < 10, 10–20 and > 20 mg/kg/day groups, respectively (p = 0.083). In univariate analysis, recovery rate was significantly associated with gender (p = 0.012) but not to RIF dose, or Staphylococcus phenotype (aureus or coagulase-negative). In multivariate analysis, age (p = 0.01) and treatment duration (p <  0.01) were significantly associated with recovery rate.

Conclusion

These data suggest that lower doses of RIF are as efficient and safe as the recommended high-dose French regimen in the treatment of PJI.
Impact of delays to incubation and storage temperature on blood culture results: a multi-centre study
Authors: Ling Clare L. , Roberts Tamalee , Soeng Sona , Cusack Tomas-Paul , Dance David A. B. , Lee Sue J. , Reed Thomas A. N. , Hinfonthong Pattaraporn , Sihalath Somsavanh , Sengduangphachanh Amphone , Watthanaworawit Wanitda , Wangrangsimakul Tri , Newton Paul N. , Nosten Francois H. , Turner Paul , Ashley Elizabeth A.
Published: February 2021

Background

Blood cultures are one of the most important tests performed by microbiology laboratories. Many hospitals, particularly in low and middle-income countries, lack either microbiology services or staff to provide 24 h services resulting in delays to blood culture incubation. There is insufficient guidance on how to transport/store blood cultures if delays before incubation are unavoidable, particularly if ambient temperatures are high. This study set out to address this knowledge gap.

Methods

In three South East Asian countries, four different blood culture systems (two manual and two automated) were used to test blood cultures spiked with five common bacterial pathogens. Prior to incubation the spiked blood culture bottles were stored at different temperatures (25 °C, in a cool-box at ambient temperature, or at 40 °C) for different lengths of time (0 h, 6 h, 12 h or 24 h). The impacts of these different storage conditions on positive blood culture yield and on time to positivity were examined.

Results

There was no significant loss in yield when blood cultures were stored < 24 h at 25 °C, however, storage for 24 h at 40 °C decreased yields and longer storage times increased times to detection.

Conclusion

Blood cultures should be incubated with minimal delay to maximize pathogen recovery and timely result reporting, however, this study provides some reassurance that unavoidable delays can be managed to minimize negative impacts. If delays to incubation ≥ 12 h are unavoidable, transportation at a temperature not exceeding 25 °C, and blind sub-cultures prior to incubation should be considered.
Primary marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the cavernous sinus: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Yang Cheng-Chun , Chen Tai-Yuan , Tsui Yu-Kun , Ko Ching-Chung
Published: February 2021

Background

Primary lymphoma of the cavernous sinus is a rare form of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma, of which very few cases have been reported in the published literature. This report presents the MRI findings with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value in an exceedingly rare primary marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (MZBCL) of the cavernous sinus.

Case presentation

The case in this study is a 59-year-old immunocompetent male patient with a 2-month history of right ptosis and blurred vision. Right third cranial nerve palsy and binocular diplopia were observed upon neurological examination. Preoperative brain CT showed an extra-axial enhancing mass lesion in the right cavernous sinus. On MRI, ipsilateral internal carotid arterial encasement was noted without causing stenosis of the vessel. Isointense signal on T1-weighted and T2-weighted images, homogeneous contrast enhancement, and diffusion restriction were also observed. The mean ADC value of the tumor is 0.64 × 10–3 mm2/s (b value = 1000 s/mm2). Subtotal resection of the tumor was performed, and improvement of clinical symptoms were observed. The pathologic diagnosis of MZBCL was established by immunohistochemical examinations.

Conclusions

Primary MZBCL of the cavernous sinus is exceedingly rare, and preoperative confirmation poses a major challenge with CT and conventional MRI only. In this case, preoperative quantitative ADC value is shown to offer valuable additional information in the diagnostic process.
Associations between I/D polymorphism in the ACE gene and lung cancer: an updated systematic review and a meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Junjian , Sun Mao , Zhou Min , Lu Renfu
Published: February 2021

Background

We evaluated the association between the I/D polymorphism in the ACE gene and lung cancer risk by performing a meta-analysis.

Methods

The heterogeneity in the study was tested using the Cochran χ2-based Q statistic test and I2 test, and then the random ratio or fixed effect was utilized to merge the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to estimate the strength of the association between ACE polymorphisms and susceptibility to lung cancer. Sensitivity analysis was also performed. Using funnel plot and Begg’s rank test, we investigated the publication bias. All statistical analyses were performed using Stata 12.0 and RevMan 5.3.

Results

A total of 4307 participants (2181 patients; 2126 controls) were included in the 12 case–control studies. No significant association was found between the ACE I/D polymorphism and lung cancer risk (II vs. ID + DD: OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 0.89–1.68; II + ID vs. DD: OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 0.90–1.63; I vs. D: OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 0.95–1.39). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, no significant association between the ACE I/D polymorphism and lung cancer risk was found among Asian and Caucasian populations for the comparisons of II vs. ID + DD, II + ID vs. DD, and I vs. D genetic models.

Conclusion

The ACE I/D polymorphism is not associated with the risk of lung cancer.
Efficacy and predictability of Muller’s muscle-conjunctival resection with different tarsectomy lengths for unilateral blepharoptosis treatment
Authors: Yeh So-Hung , Liao Shu-Lang , Wei Yi-Hsuan
Published: February 2021

Background

To investigate the efficacy and predictability of Muller’s muscle-conjunctival resection (MMCR) with different lengths of tarsectomy for the treatment of unilateral mild-to-moderate blepharoptosis.

Methods

A retrospective study of patients who underwent MMCR with tarsectomy for unilateral mild-to-moderate blepharoptosis between January 2016 and December 2019 was performed. Individuals with adequate photographic documentation and good levator function were included. Data on age, gender, surgical designs, pre-operative and post-operative marginal reflex distance 1 (MRD1) and tarsal platform show (TPS), and complications were retrieved.

Results

Sixty patients underwent 8-mm MMCR with 1- or 2-mm tarsectomy; 53 patients (88.3%) showed postoperative symmetry of MRD1 within 1 mm. The average postoperative improvement in MRD1 was 2.15 ± 0.8 mm. Thirty-two patients received 8-mm MMCR with 1-mm tarsectomy (group 1), and 28 patients underwent 8-mm MMCR with 2-mm tarsectomy (group 2). In group 1, postoperative symmetry rate was 90.6%, and the mean elevation of MRD1 was 1.66 ± 0.6 mm. In group 2, postoperative symmetry rate was 85.7%, and the mean elevation of MRD1 was 2.72 ± 0.6 mm. Both groups showed postoperative symmetry of TPS and significant improvement in eyelid position (p < 0.0001). No postoperative complication was noted, and no secondary surgery was needed.

Conclusions

MMCR with tarsectomy was proven to be a safe, rapid, and effective method for patients with mild-to-moderate ptosis. Predictability and symmetry of the outcome were statistically confirmed. We further suggest a 2.1-mm expected MRD1 elevation as a cut point for choosing between 1- or 2-mm tarsectomy.
Increased cold injuries and the effect of body mass index in patients with peripheral vascular disease
Authors: Min Jin-young , Choi Yeon-Soo , Lee Hyeong-Seong , Lee Sohyae , Min Kyoung-bok
Published: February 2021

Background

Exposure to extremely or moderate low temperatures is associated with increased morbidity and mortality risk. Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is a slow and progressive circulation disorder. Given that cold temperature causes constriction of the small arteries and veins in the skin, patients who suffer from peripheral circulation problems, like PVD, may be vulnerable to cold injuries. This study aimed to investigate the association between PVD and cold-induced injuries in the winter among Korean adults. We further analyzed the association stratified by body mass index (BMI) classification.

Methods

We used the 2002–2015 National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort data and included a total of 535,186 adults as the study population. Patients with underlying PVD were identified by ICD-10 code I73. Cold-related illnesses were defined by ICD-10 codes (T690, T691, T698, T699, T330 ~ T339, T340 ~ T349, and T350 ~ T357). Body mass index (BMI) was categorized into underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese.

Results

A total of 23.21% (n = 124,224) were PVD patients, and 0.59% (n = 3154) had cold-induced injuries. PVD patients were more likely to be diagnosed with cold injuries, but it was valid only in the underweight or normal weight groups. After adjusting for age, sex, income, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, high blood pressure, and hyperglycemia, PVD patients had a significantly increased odds ratio (OR) for cold injuries [adjusted OR = 1.11; 95% confidence intervals (95% CI): 1.01–1.21]. Increased OR for cold injuries in PVD patients was also observed in adults (adjusted OR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.03–1.25 in Model 2), but not in the elderly. When we classified study subjects into the four BMI groups, the adjusted OR of cold injuries in PVD patients was significant in the underweight group (OR = 1.83; 95% CI, 1.26–2.66) and normal weight group (OR = 1.15; 95% CI, 1.03–1.27), not in those with overweight and obese. In adults, a consistent result was found in adults in the underweight group (OR = 1.63; 95% CI, 1.08–2.47 in Model 2) and normal weight group (OR = 1.19; 95% CI, 1.07–1.33 in Model 2). In the elderly, the adjusted OR for cold injuries was only significant in the underweight group (OR = 3.37; 95% CI, 1.08–10.53 in Model 2).

Conclusions

We found a significant association between PVD and cold-induced injuries in the general population. BMI modified the association. Thus, the association observed appears to be clinically applicable to PVD patients being low to normal BMI.