bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Light Deviation Experiment Using a Vacuum Quartz Tube and a Concave Lens to Prove the Existence of an Absolutely Stationary Reference Frame
Authors: zhou jiajun , Zhou Qinyan
Published: October 2024

Vacuum is an absolutely stationary reference frame. When light propagates in a vacuum, it moves in an absolutely stationary reference frame. The propagation speed of light in a medium is a constant, which has nothing to do with the motion state of the light source, the observer or the receiver. When light propagates in a medium, it is dragged by the inertia of the medium. Light propagates in a vacuum but the vacuum is absolutely stationary. The vacuum cannot drag the light to move, and the speed, position and direction of the light in a vacuum are fixed(The above viewpoints are sourced from reference materials [1], [2], [3]).Based on this theory, we conducted a tentative experiment of light offsetto prove it. The principle of the experiment is to let the light pass through a vacuum quartz tube. Because the speed, position and direction of light in a vacuum are fixed, and the absolute motion of the earth will drive the vacuum quartz tube to move,when the absolute motion direction of the earth is different from the propagation direction of light, light will produce a slight offset in the vacuum quartz tube. With the magnification by the concave lens, an observable movement can be displayed. The key to the experiment is to create a vacuum. The experiment has achieved an expected effect, which did observe the offset of light, proving that there is indeed an absolutely stationary reference frame. The experiment, with a simple structure is authentic and reliable, which anyone can repeat.
Snapshot video through dynamic scattering medium based on deep learning
Authors: Guzmán Felipe , Vera Esteban , Horisaki Ryoichi
Published: October 2024

We present an end-to-end deep learning model designed to reconstruct up to eight frames from a single snapshot of a dynamic object passing through an unknown, time-varying scattering medium. Our approach integrates a coded aperture compressive temporal imaging system with a specially designed transformer-based CNN, optimized for effective demultiplexing and reconstruction. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrate a successful compression ratio of up to 8X, while maintaining high reconstruction quality. Furthermore, ablation studies reveal that our dual-input CNN model, which utilizes both speckle patterns and their autocorrelations, significantly improves reconstruction accuracy.
Multi-screw extruders – an overview
Authors: Formela Krzysztof , Rodak Agata , Bartnicki Adrian , Eyigöz Barış
Published: October 2024

Screw extrusion is a cost-effective and solvent-free method for manufacturing polymer blends and composites. This article reviews the latest developments in the field of multi-screw extruders, i.e. triple-screw, quad-screw, octa-screw, ring, planetary and multi-rotation system (MRS). The  authors also discussed limitations and directions of multi-screw extruders development.
Yazoo River
Authors: Herndon Ernest , Parker Patrick , Elise  , Parker Patrick
Published: October 2024

This chapter describes the Yazoo River as one of the largest river systems in the state and elaborates on peoples who lived near and depended on the Yazoo River. Evocative description of wildlife and valuable canoeing advice is included. Numerous personal anecdotes illustrate the chapter.
Chunky River
Authors: Herndon Ernest , Parker Patrick , Elise  , Parker Patrick
Published: October 2024

This chapter describes the Chunky River as an important river in the state and elaborates on peoples who lived near and depended on the Chunky River. Evocative description of wildlife and valuable canoeing advice is included. Numerous personal anecdotes illustrate the chapter.
Red Creek
Authors: Herndon Ernest , Parker Patrick , Elise  , Parker Patrick
Published: October 2024

This chapter describes Red Creek as an important river in the state and elaborates on peoples who lived near and depended on Red Creek. Evocative description of wildlife and valuable canoeing advice is included. Numerous personal anecdotes illustrate the chapter.
Jourdan River
Authors: Herndon Ernest , Parker Patrick , Elise  , Parker Patrick
Published: October 2024

This chapter describes the Jourdan River as an important river in the state and elaborates on peoples who lived near and depended on the Jourdan River. Evocative description of wildlife and valuable canoeing advice is included. Numerous personal anecdotes illustrate the chapter.
Tending to the Past
Authors: Chandler Karen Michele
Published: October 2024

Tending to the Past defines and analyzes the genre of freedom narratives, historical fiction, and film that offer distinct contributions to US cultural portrayals of Black history. Countering abiding stereotypes of Black victimization and glorifications of Black exceptionalism, freedom narratives foreground the powers of ordinary Black children in difficult historical circumstances. They positively portray Black survival, creativity, and autonomy to young audiences, even as they acknowledge the systems of racism and economic oppression that many standard historical texts for the young obscure. Creators of freedom narratives were influenced by the Black Arts Movement’s call to create a people’s art that fosters cultural awareness, including historical awareness, and political engagement. In exploring this rich category of literature and film, this book contributes to ongoing efforts to construct a history of Black children’s literature and film attuned to their range, specificity, and depths.
Introduction
Authors: Chandler Karen Michele
Published: October 2024

This section introduces the book’s focus, the genre of freedom narratives, a significant category of Black children’s literature and film that explores African American history, particularly, the experience of enslaved and free Black Americans in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The introduction also explains the book’s methodology, including the selection of narratives, and discusses freedom narratives’ emergence within the late twentieth or early twenty-first century’s debates about multiculturalism and increasing embrace of neoliberalism. The section discusses the genre’s particular contributions to African American children’s literature and to US children’s literature more generally, acknowledging the genre’s commitment to portraying Black children’s and adolescents’ agency within their everyday lives and foregrounding Black perspectives on history.
Retaining African Selfhood and Culture in American Slavery
Authors: Chandler Karen Michele
Published: October 2024

This chapter focuses on two middle-grade narratives that represent protagonists’ identities as members of Ewe and Ashanti societies who are captured in their homeland and transferred to America as enslaved laborers. Joyce Hansen’s The Captive (1994) and Sharon Draper’s Copper Sun (2006) demonstrate how two prolific, well-respected African American authors use the freedom narrative genre to portray young enslaved African youths’ struggle for autonomy and integrity. In reconstructing young Black identities grounded in particular African ethnic cultures, both authors insist on the power of the protagonists’ African enculturation to continue to shape their worldviews and provide bases for thought and action in their lives as enslaved and free persons in the US. Yet the two novels also suggest the varying extents to which historical narratives circumvent the influence of neoliberalism.
The Nexus of Music, Identity, and Politics
Authors: Asai Susan Miyo
Published: October 2024

This chapter discusses the rise of nativist national identities that were evident in populist nationalist movements in the United States and Europe, which shifted political discourse towards the radical right. It emphasizes how the shift was fueled by anxiety over national and cultural identity and exacerbated by the influx of over 100 million refugees since 2015. In the United States, growing anti-immigration sentiments, epitomized by former President Donald Trump's policies and rhetoric, reflect a longstanding legacy of white nationalism. The chapter highlights the ongoing debate about national identity and citizenship that underscores the need for a more inclusive narrative that embraces the United States' diversity. It notes the potential for a pluralistic society to thrive if it embraces and celebrates its demographic diversity and the accompanying sociocultural changes.
Dual Identities: Japanese Immigrant Community, Identity, and Music
Authors: Asai Susan Miyo
Published: October 2024

This chapter covers the emergence of first-generation Issei identities that was marked by a complex interplay of factors, including a strong desire to maintain Japanese national and cultural identity alongside a push for Americanization. Issei identities were shaped by oppressive sociopolitical circumstances and remained rooted in Japanese cultural practices, particularly in music. The chapter navigates between the influences of Japan and America, wherein Issei leaders sought to reconcile their dual identities within the context of geopolitical tensions and racist ideologies in the United States. It details how music played a central role in Issei life, serving as both a source of cultural pride and a means of coping with discrimination. Issei sought to establish a place within American society while preserving their Japanese heritage, using music as a means of asserting their identity and contributing to the cultural landscape of their adopted nation.
Sansei: The Political Advocacy of Music and a Turn toward the East
Authors: Asai Susan Miyo
Published: October 2024

This chapter explores the shared musical space between Japanese American and African American musician-composers in 1970s San Francisco, particularly at the intersection of Japantown and the Fillmore District. It details the active nightlife in the Fillmore District during the 1940s and 1950s that provided fertile ground for musical experimentation. The first wave of Sansei musician-composers in San Francisco and Los Angeles in the 1970s introduced new musical directions, often through interracial and intercultural collaborations, and reflected contemporary heterogeneous subjectivities that celebrated ethnic heritage. The chapter reveals the early, politically active years of Sansei musicking, highlighting their struggle for visibility, proactivity, and creativity. The emergence of Asian American jazz-based music and the rise of taiko ensembles in California underscore the confluence of social, cultural, and political ideologies shaping Japanese/Asian American musicking.
Epilogue
Authors: Asai Susan Miyo
Published: October 2024

This chapter stresses the pressing need for musico-political alliances promoting anti-racism and coalition building amidst current social and political divisions in the United States. It mentions ethnomusicologist Tamara Roberts, who advocates for sustained engagement between racial and cultural groups to counter dominant formations. It also reviews projects, like FandangObon, that blend Japanese, Mexican, and African American traditions to promote community and environmental awareness. The chapter cites Nobuko Miyamoto's composition Black Lives Matter, which amplifies voices against systemic injustice and reflects her commitment to racial justice. Musico-political alliances, driven by artists' agency, offer a path to multicultural dialogue, healing, and justice, shaping a more inclusive future for the nation.
See Justice Done
Authors: Brown Christopher Michael
Published: October 2024

This book argues that African American literature has profound and deliberate legal roots. Tracing this throughline from the eighteenth century to the present, the book demonstrates that engaging with legal culture in its many forms—including its conventions, paradoxes, and contradictions—is paramount to understanding Black writing. The book begins by examining petitions submitted by free and enslaved Blacks to colonial and early republic legislatures. These petitions aimed to demonstrate the autonomy and competence of their authors. The book also examines early slave autobiographies, which were both written in the form of legal petitions. These works invoke scenes of Black competence and of Black madness, repeatedly and simultaneously. Early Black writings reflect how a Black Atlantic world, organized by slavery, refused to acknowledge Black competence. By including scenes of Black madness, these narratives critique the violence of the law and predict the failure of future legal counterparts, such as Plessy v. Ferguson, to remedy injustice. Later chapters examine the works of more contemporary writers, such as Sutton E. Griggs, George Schuyler, Toni Morrison, and Edward P. Jones, and explore varied topics from American exceptionalism to the legal trope of “colorblindness.” In chronicling these interactions with jurisprudential logics, the book reveals the tensions between US law and Black experiences of both its possibilities and its perils.
“Our Racket’s within th’Law, Ain’t It?”
Authors: Brown Christopher Michael
Published: October 2024

This chapter focuses on the rhetoric of strangeness that marks so many of the texts of the African American literary tradition written during the Plessy v. Ferguson era, a strangeness inextricably tied to the law's effort to maintain the fiction of “separate but equal.” Antimiscegenation laws, perhaps the most emotionally charged of the many legal attempts to police the color line, were also some of the most difficult to parse and yet simultaneously the most entrenched. As such, it is no surprise that the illogic of the legal predicament in which Blacks found themselves was often articulated in literary texts in two related ways: through the figure of the miscegenated baby, and the narrative structure of the absurd. The chapter then looks at George S. Schuyler's Black No More (1931), which is perhaps the most complete literary satire to invoke the paradoxes of antimiscegenation law. With the simple premise of a machine that can turn Black skin white, Schuyler's novel enacts the literal incommensurability of the passing subject.
La Llorona
Authors: Upton Sarah De Los Santos , Hernández Leandra Hinojosa
Published: October 2024

S. de los Santos-Upton and L. Hernández deconstruct La Llorona’s plight through a LatIndigenous framework, connecting it to histories of racial violence, police brutality, discriminatory immigration policies, and specters of trauma, arguing that La Llorona holds the potential for transforming grief into resistance.
Legacies of Land, Cultural Clashes, and Spiritual Stirrings
Authors: Martinez Amanda R.
Published: October 2024

A. Martinez draws our attention to how “oral traditions have long been the mode of transmission for storytelling about spiritual encounters and the healing practices to restore mind-body-spirit balance across generations of LatIndigenous groups” (p. 42–43). In doing so, she shares transformative testimonios from her own family that remind us that no story is ever singular.
Los Aullidos de las Madres
Authors: Garza Sarah Amira de la
Published: October 2024

S. A. de la Garza’s essay illustrates the array of spiritual and cultural influences lost over generations and illuminates the uncanny horror of the metaphysical call to Indigenous practices, which offer a way out of the psychological crises of neoliberal careers.
Becoming Indigenous Again
Authors: Marcial Juan Pacheco
Published: October 2024

For chapter 16, J. Pacheco Marcial explores being undocumented, indigenous, and displaced. By recalling the pain and trauma the physical border causes on his ability to find “home,” he reminds us that the border scar is not just abstract but marked on our flesh.
Hauntology of the Oppressed
Authors: Merla-Watson Cathryn J.
Published: October 2024

In chapter 19, C. Merla-Watson explores the story of La Llorona through the genre of meXicana gothic, employing a “hauntology of the oppressed” framework to do a counter reading of Sandra Cisneros’ “Woman Hollering Creek.”
Comics and Modernism
Authors: Najarian Jonathan
Published: October 2024

The introduction establishes the scholarly and artistic developments that led to the book. The chapters to follow are briefly summarized.
Modernism for the Masses
Authors: Roeder Katherine
Published: October 2024

Katherine Roeder’s chapter, “Modernism for the Masses: The Armory Show in Comics,” shows how newspaper cartoonists co-opted, parodied, and, ultimately, admired the aesthetically challenging visuals on display in the International Exhibition of Modern Art in 1913. Comics, Roeder argues, effectively brought modernism from the galleries into people’s homes through the medium of the newspaper.
Speed Lines
Authors: Worden Daniel
Published: October 2024

In “Speed Lines: Futurism and Superheroes,” Daniel Worden reads the superhero as a quintessentially modernist trope, arguing that superheroes participate in both modernism’s visual, formal experimentation and in its problematic fascination with fascist politics.
Art Spiegelman and the Ghost of Picasso
Authors: Najarian Jonathan
Published: October 2024

This chapter picks up where the previous essay left off, examining Art Spiegelman’s early comic “Ace Hole, Midget Detective.” Deploying techniques he learned reading Mad magazine, Spiegelman reveals comics to be the natural inheritor of a modernist aesthetic tradition.
Little Tommy Lost and the Anachronistic Comic
Authors: Levay Matthew
Published: October 2024

Matthew Levay examines the tendency of contemporary cartoonists to adopt distinctly anachronistic visual styles, ones that mimic the aesthetic of early newspaper comics. Understanding these unique, revealing formal innovations allows us to see clearly Cole Closser’s political project: “to critique the conservative social and political ideologies” that permeated the work of Harold Gray, the cartoonist behind Little Orphan Annie.
Afterword
Authors: Chute Hillary
Published: October 2024

The book ends with Hillary Chute’s suggestive afterword, “Graphic Modernisms.” Chute offers an important glimpse at some central figures not discussed at length in the book—Robert Crumb, Alison Bechdel, Joe Sacco—while also reflecting on the etymology of the graphic. Tracing the graphic to its etymological roots in Homer’s Iliad, when a spear punctures a shoulder, Chute demonstrates the relentless materiality of the comics form, in both its hand-drawn images and its insistence on the visual display of bodies. As a concept, the graphic helps to explain what is so powerful about comics: “The wounding power of comics’ graphic form—its power to inscribe bodies on the page—is part of its great possibility.” In both modernism and comics, we’re left, ultimately, with the historical conditions that facilitate the production of art.
The Summer of 2020
Authors: Johnson Andre E. , Edgar Amanda Nell
Published: October 2024

Exploring a monumental season of Black Lives Matter support, The Summer of 2020 documents the meanings, motivations, and experiences of movement participants during the tumultuous period following George Floyd’s public murder at the hands of white police officer Derek Chauvin. The Summer of 2020 is packed with interviews with real activists–from seasoned organizers to first time protesters–revealing the complexity of taking a stand, especially in the face of increased white supremacist threats, police aggression, and a deadly global pandemic.
“I Saw the Video”
Authors: Johnson Andre E. , Edgar Amanda Nell
Published: October 2024

This chapter outlines the ways that the murder of George Floyd helps to shape the understanding and meaning of the Black Lives Matter movement. We first offer an overview of the rhetoric surrounding the murder of Floyd and how that rhetoric helped to reshape narratives concerning BLM. Drawing from this lens, we discuss ways in which participants understood BLM as well as their place within the movement after the murder of Floyd. While many of our participants previously had little or no understanding of the BLM movement, the murder of Floyd arouses them to reassess what little they knew. Our findings show that for participants, the movement was not only valid but spoke to many of their situations and concerns. However, our findings also show that many participants wrestled with how to articulate those expressions to a wider audience.
Claiming a Place for Jazz
Authors: Harper Colter
Published: October 2024

This chapter focuses on two “black and tan” nightclubs in the Hill District and examines their social scenes, performers, and owners. Both venues were targeted by white-owned newspapers, citizens’ groups, and local officials as sources of “vice” in the city. Counter narratives from The Pittsburgh Courier reveal these businesses as important sites of jazz innovation, community formation, entrepreneurship, and political organizing. Within the context of the Prohibition Era, the regulation of these venues leading to police raids and court cases reveals complex intersections between early jazz and Black political and economic struggles in Pittsburgh.
Competing Visions of Modernity
Authors: Harper Colter
Published: October 2024

This chapter details the emergence of the modern jazz club or “jazz house” in Pittsburgh’s Hill District as a counter force to racial and spatial politics of city-led urban renewal projects of the 1950s. Theoretical frameworks of scholars including Henri Lefebvre and bell hooks link the spatial dynamics of nightlife and jazz clubs within a rapidly shifting urban landscape. In the late 1950s, the Lower Hill District, as the closest residential neighborhood to downtown Pittsburgh, was completely remade through efforts to refashion the city as an efficient, clean, and economically prosperous destination for business elites and suburban commuters.
Civil Rights and the Musicians Union
Authors: Harper Colter
Published: October 2024

This chapter discusses the long tradition of Black musical labor organizing in Pittsburgh and the challenges faced with implementing workplace integration. Pittsburgh’s Local 471, chartered in 1908 by the American Federation of Musicians (AFM), was the country’s second oldest Black AFM Local. For decades, its members led local careers and contributed to the city’s nightlife. From 1941 to 1962, Local 471 operated a Musicians Club, which provided an important hub for local and touring jazz musicians to perform, rehearse, network, and advocate for their rights as musical laborers. Local musicians demonstrated the difficult work of collectively organizing while sustaining performance careers. The chapter gives a brief overview of the divergent careers of Local 471 members and jazz musicians Walt Harper and Tommy Turrentine.
The Community Archive in Practice
Authors: Harper Colter
Published: October 2024

This chapter explores jazz’s potential as a “community archive” or collection of memories of places, experiences, and ways of listening that are stewarded by a group of people in a performance context. Examining how the community archive has shaped the continued practice of jazz performance in Pittsburgh, the chapter traces contemporary developments in the local jazz scene outside of the Hill District. Though jazz is no longer an active part of Hill nightlife, it continues to provide contexts for preserving the neighborhood’s history and reflecting on its ongoing redevelopment.
Archiving the Past, Drawing the Present, and Preserving Displaced Histories of Violence in Nonfictional Graphic Novels
Authors: Chestopalova Natalja
Published: October 2024

The symbiotic, interactive kernel between the reader and the visual narrative on the comics page remains one of the reasons why graphic storytelling continues to be such a popular narrative form for writer-artist collaborations working with nonfictional and marginalized voices. Portrayals of violence and trauma in comics have evolved far beyond the genres of superhero and autobiography into modalities that resist immediate identification because they embody the changing flow of cultural memory and its activist capital. This pivotal shift positions comics as a decolonizing medium with the potential to create new counterhegemonic narrative-archives outside of institutionalized spaces and practices. Joe Sacco’s Palestine (2001) and Footnotes in Gaza (2009), as well as more recent works, such as Jeff Lemire and Gord Downie’s Secret Path (2016) and Kate Evans’ Threads From the Refugee Crisis (2017), are becoming part of the unofficial multimodal archive that exists on the periphery of institutionalized memory. These graphic novels challenge conceptions of local and global spaces and shift the perception of the physical and emotional distance that occurs between the reader and sites of individual suffering, generational violence, and community trauma. Whether addressing the violent past of Canadian Residential Schools or the violence perforating refugees’ lives, the narrative effects force the reader to view the sites of trauma from a variety of angles and experience multiple spatial and emotional relationships, from global to local to intersubjective.
Animating Sub-Mariner and Aquaman
Authors: Baker Djoymi
Published: October 2024

Moral panic about violence in superhero television programs came to a head in 1968, when superheroes became one of the dominant genres in the children’s Saturday morning animation slot on U.S. television. The objections of commentators famously focused on violent content and perceived negative impact upon young viewers. This chapter uses the case studies of the two aquatic superheroes Namor the Sub-Mariner and Aquaman—who appeared in the syndicated cartoon series Marvel Super-heroes (1966) and The Superman/Aquaman Hour of Adventure on CBS (1967-68) respectively—to argue that underlying the calls to rein in superhero shows was a sharp divide in generational taste around genre and aesthetics, a split strongly informed by adult nostalgia.
From Comic Books to Courtroom
Authors: Adams Mitchell
Published: October 2024

Moving beyond the pages of their comic book covers, superheroes have become the subject of registrations under intellectual property (IP) regimes, including the copyright system and trademark registers. Control of these characters via the intellectual property system has been instrumental to the publication of comic books, and more recently film and television adaptation. For decades, Marvel and DC have fiercely protected the intellectual property in their superheroes—inside and outside of the court room. Tracing how the protection of superhero IP has historically shifted from a copyright focus to a trademark focus as its transmedia franchising and merchandizing has accelerated, the chapter explores how the legal strategies of corporations are now being made to protect the value of key characters like Batman and Superman as they come closer to becoming part of the public domain.
Superheroes in the Streets
Authors: Segall Kimberly Wedeven
Published: October 2024

What problems emerge when protest enters the digital world? And how are U.S. Muslim women activists using online icons as part of challenging and queering this discourse? Using the unique lens of “digital superheroism,” this book demonstrates how icons of superheroes and superstars are being used as a protest strategy by these women activists. Beginning with Ms. Marvel, Superheroes in the Streets: Public Protest in a Digital Age maps out these icons of superheroes and superstars and national icons that trail into video games, Instagram, Facebook, and YouTube. Locating these icons and their narratives as a protest form, these case studies include Olympic fencer Ibtihaj Muhammad, rap star Mona Haydar, Instagram LGBTQ activist Blair Imani, and then the book turns to the streets to join grassroots activists, who use online images to envision inter-racial solidarities. Addressing key questions in digital studies, this book analyzes how these super-icons and solidarity icons travel from public protest modes, such as printed posters and texts and banners, into digital activism. How are these super-icons challenging mainstream narratives? How are digital icons barraged in cyber-attacks? How do media sources consume these icons? How do algorithms influence which icons are most seen? Recording the stories of these activists, Superheroes in the Streets is the first book published on U.S. Muslim women’s digital activism.
Grassroots Icons
Authors: Segall Kimberly Wedeven
Published: October 2024

Although celebrities such as rappers and sport stars receive more fame, what is missing, just as critically, is attention to the public and digital activism of those like Pacific Northwest activist Aneelah Afzali who have organized immigration rights and Black Lives Matter events. For it is their grassroots vision that has shaped public platforms—their photos, their red-white-and blue figures, their political branding as in Aneelah’s Facebook page—imagining change. Aneelah’s digital sites, with her branding of superheroes, are part of her rhetoric of racial solidarities for “American Muslims.” Analyzing Aneelah’s superhero icons—rooted in images of Malcolm X, conceptualized in new inter-racial solidarities—mapping her strategies and motivations, too, in social media, this chapter questions why such online icons matter in grassroots activism, exploring the tensions that exist between mass media and social media in the context of these activists and their super-heroic icons.
Indigenous Travels in Space, Time, and Technology
Authors: Donahue James J.
Published: October 2024

This chapter selects for analysis works of science fiction; in particular, the works selected for analysis in this chapter all focus explicitly on technologically enhanced travel in space and time. In addition to participating in one of the largest and most popular genres of fiction, the works in this chapter all explore outer space or future time periods in order to comment on some of the specific social and political problems facing Indigenous peoples. Additionally, these works all demonstrate the importance of community in the face of these various problems.
Reclaiming My Everything
Authors: Swanson Kemeshia Randle
Published: October 2024

The introduction defines the term maverick feminist, outlines each chapter, evaluates the literary and historical discourses that have circumscribed Black female sexualities, and contends that the separation of literature from lives is at the base of the false categorization dividing “serious” literature from popular texts as literary and cultural studies both affirm and improve the lives of Black women.
Same Old Song
Authors: Meyers John Paul
Published: October 2024

Popular music in the United States is made and listened to by people from a variety of racial groups, ages, genders, sexualities, and regions, but it is often dominated by an ideology of newness. The Grammys recognize the “Best New Artist” every year. Unknown artists compete on music television shows for a chance at stardom. And the most vibrant forms of popular music culture seem to be produced by and for the young: those with the facility for creating and consuming music using the latest technology, the free time to follow the latest trends, and the energy to stay out at night dancing to the latest hits. Yet despite this ideology of newness, this shared understanding that newness is a key defining trait of popular music, this book presents a challenge to this idea in a variety of popular music scenes. This book examines “historical consciousness in popular music,” a fundamental shift in the understanding of popular music that treats the events and artifacts of the popular music past as properly historical phenomena, not as trivial minutiae, obsolete, or irrelevant, as the ideology of newness would seem to dictate. This book illuminates this important but little-understood aspect of jazz, rock, hip-hop, and R&B: a sense that the past in popular music is worth knowing about, remembering, celebrating, and, in various ways, re-playing.
Kid Lit from Beyond the Grave
Authors: Ford Smith Victoria
Published: October 2024

This chapter examines the intriguing topic of child mediums during the American Spiritualist period of the nineteenth century, arguing that debates around the child medium’s agency or lack thereof speak to concerns about child agency and adult manipulation central to children’s and young adult literature studies. The literature on child mediums includes both fiction and nonfiction, and the young subjects of these narratives are at once active and passive, imagined as powerful instruments for communications from the dead and/or as particularly sensitive to spirit interference. The Spiritualist movement found ways to spotlight purported child mediums and their unusual abilities, interviewing them or putting them in dialogue with adult interlocutors. These accounts provide ample evidence that children could and did engage with adult scripts.
The Seductions of Little Red Riding Hood
Authors: Rosendal Jakob
Published: October 2024

This chapter reflects on an experiment with children’s drawings the author conducted with Danish kindergarten and school children. Children were asked to draw the Little Red Riding Hood fairy tale after being read a 1916 Danish translation of the Brothers Grimm version. In 2020, the resulting 184 drawings were exhibited at The Women’s Museum in Denmark. This chapter explores the interpretive and the imaginative power of the child artists, asking: “If we follow the lines of children’s drawings engaging with the narrative lines of a fairy tale, where might they take us? What might CYA look like from the perspective of children’s drawings?” Examining individual drawings while looking across the full archive, and leaning on psychoanalysis in particular, the essay proposes a “threshold model of childhood” (akin to Marah Gubar’s affinity model of CYA) in which children variously accept, resist, and revise adult scripts about sexual and social life.
Emergency Children’s Literature
Authors: Duckels Gabriel
Published: October 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically impacted the world, with accelerating sickness, death, and social isolation causing widespread anxiety and panic. Another consequence was the rapid development of picture books and other narratives for children about the pandemic, often in the form of downloadable pdfs or similar digital forms that could be rapidly disseminated. That material—ephemeral, openly didactic and/or therapeutic—is the topic of this chapter. Putting COVID-19 children’s materials in conversation with earlier CYA materials about HIV and the AIDS crisis, this essay raises questions about “emergency children’s literature,” meaning material generated in response to crisis in general and this crisis in particular. The emergency CYA produced in and around COVID-19 bears some resemblances to material about HIV/AIDS and reflects some of the same pressures of inequality and oppression, even as the divergences between the two genres are significant.
“Bizarre Creatures” and the Fans Who Love Them
Authors: Gray Paige
Published: October 2024

A curious text associated with children and children’s culture in a U.S. context is Jim Henson’s cult classic The Dark Crystal (1982). This chapter reads the film as a queer, posthuman, existential engagement with childhood and its discontents, related to but pushing beyond Henson’s more conventionally upbeat Muppet franchise. The Dark Crystal also reflects Henson’s interests in fairy tales and Lewis Carroll’s Alice books, similarly full of bizarre and sometimes menacing creatures. Of interest is not only the film itself, with its unsettling cast of puppets, but also the ongoing fandom around the film, which has inspired websites, social media fan groups, a film prequel, and even a two-year museum exhibit on Henson’s puppetry. In the Dark Crystal fandom, we see people of diverse ages and backgrounds “deliberately and deliciously confusing what it means to be young or old.”
Silkpunk and Agender Childhoods in Neon Yang’s Tensorate Universe
Authors: Yu Shuyin
Published: October 2024

Considerable attention has been given to steampunk and its ideological dimensions, both progressive and conservative. This chapter shifts attention to the genre of silkpunk, Eastern rather than Western in theme and sensibility, through a case study of Neon Yang’s The Black Tides of Heaven (2017), the first in the Tensorate series. In refusing the binary of innocent vs. sexual child, the chapter argues, Yang affirms the possibility of agender childhood, affirming the agency of its young characters in the construction of their own subjectivity.
The House Remembers
Authors: Rocha Lauren
Published: October 2024

This chapter explores how the traditional roles of wife and mother are often in conflict with one another within the family paradigm. The chapter primarily focuses on Kathy’s role in The Amityville Horror to exemplify this in her dual roles as wife to George and mother to her children. The film sexualizes Kathy throughout to add to her attractiveness to George while also counteracting these intimate scenes with that of her children. Because Kathy’s children are from a previous relationship, the blending of the families is called into question when they move into their new, and haunted, house. The house acts to exacerbate the couple’s problems through George’s possession by heightening the economic risks. Although George is the one possessed, the house likewise impacts the children through challenging George’s role as their father. The chapter overviews how the Satanic Panic influenced the Catholic Church and film.
Mother as Exorcist
Authors: Rocha Lauren
Published: October 2024

The fifth chapter focuses on challenges and issues related to motherhood in The Conjuring and The Conjuring 2. The chapter argues that The Conjuring presents abject motherhood through the antagonist Bathsheba and the “good,” nurturing mother through Lorraine. Bathsheba’s possession of Carolyn threatens to transform Carolyn into an abject mother as well, and it is through Lorraine’s intervention and role as exorcist that Carolyn is set free. The Conjuring 2 also features a family in peril, except it is a single mother as opposed to a nuclear family. Both Lorraine and Ed act to bring the family together, with Ed as a surrogate father figure and Lorraine as the “good” mother who once again frees the possessed.
Motherhood Revisited
Authors: Rocha Lauren
Published: October 2024

The conclusion serves to review the title term of the book, sinful maternal. It answers the question, “What does it mean to be sinful maternal?” through recapping the films overviewed in the previous chapters and drawing on Susan Douglas and Meredith Michaels’ crucial book The Mommy Myth: The Idealization of Motherhood and How It Has Undermined Women. The conclusion addresses the title term by arguing that women embody the sinful maternal every day through either not desiring motherhood or failing to meet the unrealistic socio-cultural expectations of motherhood which are constantly changing.
A Study Regarding the Grounded Theoretical Approach on the Life Adaptation Process Experienced by Honorably Retired Female Teachers
Authors:   Center For Educational Research, Park Mi-Soon , Ju Dong-Beom
Published: October 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore and explain the experiences that honorably retired female teachers have after retirement and the process by which they adapt to life. Accordingly, the research questions are: First, what is the life experienced by honorably retired female teachers, and what are the difficulties? Second, what are the adaptation processes and types of adaptation experienced by honorably retired female teachers?
Methods: To this end, we used the grounded theory methodology of Strauss and Corbin (1998), selected research participants through theoretical sampling, conducted semi-structured questionnaires and in- depth interviews with eleven female teachers who had experienced honorable retirement within the past three years, and analyzed the raw data.
Results: Open coding resulted in 483 concepts, 118 subcategories, and 21 categories. As a result, the causal condition was 'experiencing the limits of maintaining a teaching career', the central phenomenon was 'living as an ordinary person without any affiliation', and the contextual condition was 'accepting and transitioning to life as a retiree', action/interaction strategy was 'entering the process of self- integration', and the result was 'gradually satisfying the need for self-actualization'. The core categories derived from selective coding are 'entering a stable old age through acceptance of changes in life and self-reflection and then advancing to the stage of mature self-realization'. It was found to go through an adaptation stage of 'introduction period', 'confusion period', 'change period', and 'actualization period'.
Conclusion: By presenting a theoretical framework for the post-retirement adaptation of honorably retired female teachers, it is expected to be used as a useful tool in active research on honorably retired female teachers and in the development of retirement adaptation programs.
A CQR-M Study on Teachers’ Burnout Experiences and Their Support Needs
Authors:   Center For Educational Research, In Hyoeon , Kim Jiyeon
Published: October 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to identify factors influencing burnout experienced by teachers, understand their coping behaviors for overcoming burnout, and determine the support they need for burnout prevention and recovery.
Methods: A total of 340 teachers from elementary, middle, and high schools in Chungcheongnam Province responded to open-ended questions online. Data were analyzed using the Modified Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR-M) method.
Results: Factors influencing teacher burnout were grouped into seven categories. These categories include 'severity of student problem behavior, crises, and guidance challenges (25.8%)', 'complaints and infringement on teachers' rights by students and parents (19.3%)', 'unfair task assignments and workload (15.4%)', 'conflicts with parents and their negative attitudes (14.0%)', and 'lack of social support and cooperation within the school (14.0%)'. Coping strategies for overcoming burnout were grouped into nine categories, including 'seeking social support and cooperation (24.7%)', 'engaging in self-care activities (24.0%)', 'waiting or leaving it alone (14.0%)', and 'participating in counseling, therapy, or training (9.7%)'. Teachers’ needs for support for preventing and overcoming burnout were analyzed into eight categories, including 'restoration and enhancement of teachers' rights (24.2%)', 'improvement of the work environment to focus on teaching (20.5%)', 'support for counseling, therapy, and training (14.1%)', 'support for student guidance (10.9%)', and 'support for rest (10.1%)'.
Conclusion: These findings provide insights into teachers' experiences of burnout and offer implications for preventing and alleviating teacher burnout.
The Implementation of the BCCT Block Center Learning Model to Enhance Early Childhood Cognitive Development: A Case Study at TKIT 1 Qurrota A’yun Ponorogo
Authors: Aulia Rifqi
Published: October 2024

Abstract: This study aims to describe the preparation, implementation, and effectiveness of the Beyond Center and Circle Time (BCCT) block centre learning model in enhancing the cognitive development of early childhood students at TKIT 1 Qurrota A’yun, Ponorogo. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through participant observation, interviews, and document analysis. The results indicate that teacher preparation, including lesson planning and learning environment organisation, aligns with BCCT principles. Applying the block centre model effectively fostered cognitive abilities such as problem-solving, early mathematical logic, and spatial understanding. However, limitations in space and some students’ uneven progress suggest room for improvement in infrastructure and teaching methods. This study highlights the importance of teacher training and infrastructure development to optimise the BCCT model further. Future research should explore how enhancing facilities can improve learning outcomes in diverse educational settings.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan persiapan, pelaksanaan, dan efektivitas model pembelajaran sentra balok berbasis Beyond Center and Circle Time (BCCT) dalam meningkatkan perkembangan kognitif anak usia dini di TKIT 1 Qurrota A’yun, Ponorogo. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus kualitatif, data dikumpulkan melalui observasi partisipan, wawancara, dan analisis dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persiapan guru, termasuk perencanaan pembelajaran dan pengorganisasian lingkungan belajar, sudah sesuai dengan prinsip BCCT. Penerapan model sentra balok terbukti efektif dalam mengembangkan kemampuan kognitif seperti pemecahan masalah, logika matematika awal, dan pemahaman spasial. Namun, keterbatasan ruang dan perkembangan siswa yang tidak merata menunjukkan adanya ruang untuk perbaikan dalam infrastruktur dan metode pengajaran. Penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya pelatihan guru dan pengembangan infrastruktur untuk lebih mengoptimalkan model BCCT. Penelitian selanjutnya harus mengeksplorasi bagaimana peningkatan fasilitas dapat menghasilkan hasil pembelajaran yang lebih baik dalam berbagai lingkungan pendidikan.
Gender and food systems in six African countries
Authors:   University of Pretoria, Elizabeth Elizabeth , Du Toit Andrea ,   University of the Western Cape, Gandidzanwa Colleta ,   University of Pretoria
Published: October 2024

Research plays a fundamental role in achieving food systems outcomes but research funders and researchers often set agendas that are not necessarily informed by policy needs. This analysis explores synergies between research publications, funding and policy priorities using a gender and food systems lens. In this article the authors argue that gender research is not being adequately leveraged to investigate food systems challenges that are considered national priorities. They call on research funders, researchers and policy-makers to collaborate to define research agendas that address policy needs.
Dateline Africa
Authors:   University of the Western Cape, Nicol Martin
Published: October 2024

1 June 2023 to 30 September 2024
Reduced cardiovascular and metabolic responses during eccentric stepping exercise: A pilot study
Authors: Renwick Nicholas C. , Egginton Stuart , Ferguson Carrie
Published: October 2024

This study compared cardiovascular and metabolic responses during concentric and eccentric stepping. Eight participants (5 m, 3f; 22 ± 2 years) performed maximal concentric and eccentric ramp incremental tests on a modified stepping ergometer. Subsequently, three randomized 15‐min constant‐power tests were performed (1) concentric stepping at 90% of the concentric lactate threshold (LT), (2) eccentric stepping at the same power, and (3) eccentric stepping at the same oxygen uptake (V̇O2). At equivalent power (36 ± 6 W, p = 0.62), eccentric stepping resulted in 46 ± 8% lower V̇O2, 16 ± 6% lower heart rate (HR), and 11 ± 5% lower mean arterial blood pressure compared to concentric (p < 0.01). Matching V̇O2 required 65 ± 19% more power during eccentric stepping (p < 0.01). During this test, eccentric V̇O2 and HR continued to increase, resulting in a 22 ± 29% higher V̇O2 and 19 ± 16% higher HR in the final minute (p < 0.001). Reduced cardiorespiratory demand during eccentric stepping at the same power as concentric demonstrates a higher eccentric power is required to produce the same V̇O2. However, despite being below the concentric LT, eccentric V̇O2 and HR continued to increase past the predicted steady state, indicating a higher exercise intensity.