bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Existing In-service Training Courses on Infection Prevention and Control in Nurses: An Evaluation Using the Kirkpatrick Model
Authors: Faraz Razieh , Khajeali Nasrin , Kalantarion Masomeh , Kheiri Bahar
Published: November 2024

Background: Evaluating the effectiveness of educational courses is essential for ensuring high-quality healthcare. Objectives: This study assessed the effectiveness of current in-service training courses on infection prevention and control for nurses, using the Kirkpatrick evaluation model. Methods: This evaluative study was conducted at Shiraz Army Hospital in 2024, involving 40 nurses and 10 supervisors. The educational program consisted of interactive workshops held over two days, covering topics such as standard precautions, isolation procedures, and hand hygiene. The evaluation followed Kirkpatrick’s four levels: Reaction, learning, behavior, and impact. Nurses' reactions and knowledge were measured using validated questionnaires, while supervisors assessed behavioral changes. Data were analyzed with SPSS 26, using descriptive statistics and a one-sample t-test. Results: All four levels of the Kirkpatrick model were evaluated. Nurses reported a mean reaction score of 3.73 (SD = 0.80), reflecting positive feedback on the training. Knowledge scores significantly increased from a pre-test mean of 2.39 (SD = 0.74) to a post-test mean of 3.72 (SD = 0.74) (P < 0.001). Supervisors observed a behavioral improvement, with scores increasing from 2.34 (SD = 0.94) to 3.72 (SD = 0.74) (P = 0.004). Furthermore, the nosocomial infection index decreased from 0.7 to 0.5 (P = 0.002) following the training. Conclusions: The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of current in-service training courses on infection prevention and control for nurses. The Kirkpatrick model proved to be a valuable evaluation tool, underscoring the importance of ongoing assessment of nurses’ competencies to enhance infection prevention practices.
Implementasi Peranan Hukum Invetasi Terhadap Risiko Investasi yang Dihadapai Oleh Investor Asing pada Kasus Kerusuhan di Tambang Nikel Moworali.
Authors: Saputro Candra Wahyu
Published: November 2024

Investasi asing memiliki peran penting dalam pembangunan ekonomi, tetapi membawa risiko akibat kondisi negara penerima (host state). Penelitian ini berfokus pada kerusuhan di PT IMIP yang mengganggu kegiatan operasional akibat konflik antara pekerja lokal dan asing. Tujuannya adalah menganalisis perlindungan hukum bagi investor asing dan kewajiban perusahaan multinasional terhadap regulasi nasional. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah doktrinal dengan pendekatan kepustakaan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis risiko investasi dalam hukum internasional dan nasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan investor asing di Indonesia didasarkan pada hukum nasional seperti UU Nomor 25 Tahun 2007 tentang Penanaman Modal dan hukum internasional melalui perjanjian seperti ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement. Namun, kerusuhan di PT IMIP juga menunjukkan perlunya pengawasan ketat terhadap implementasi peraturan terkait keselamatan kerja dan perlindungan lingkungan. Kesimpulannya, meskipun hukum nasional dan internasional telah memberikan perlindungan terhadap investor asing, tanggung jawab perusahaan multinasional untuk mematuhi regulasi lokal tetap menjadi faktor penting dalam menciptakan iklim investasi yang kondusif.
Pengaruh Belanja Daerah, Pembangunan Infrastruktur Jalan dan Inflasi terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Provinsi Bengkulu
Authors: Arjuna Wira
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh belanja daerah (belanja langsung dan belanja tidak langsung), infrastruktur jalan, dan inflasi terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Provinsi Bengkulu periode 2010–2022. Pertumbuhan ekonomi Bengkulu menunjukkan tren fluktuatif meskipun terjadi peningkatan belanja daerah dan pembangunan infrastruktur. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari Badan Pusat Statistik dan metode regresi linear berganda berbasis data time series. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa belanja langsung berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi, sementara belanja tidak langsung, infrastruktur jalan, dan inflasi tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan. Kesimpulannya, alokasi anggaran yang lebih besar pada belanja langsung dan peningkatan kualitas infrastruktur dapat mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi di Bengkulu. Selain itu, pengendalian inflasi diperlukan untuk menjaga daya beli masyarakat. Temuan ini memberikan implikasi praktis bagi pengambil kebijakan dalam mengoptimalkan anggaran dan strategi pembangunan daerah guna meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat.
Islamic Religious Education Learning Methods
Authors: Moch. Salman Alfarizi  , Sunarto
Published: November 2024

Problems that are often experienced in the learning process include learning difficulties, varying levels of creativity between teachers and students, inappropriate application of teaching methods, limitations in the use of learning media. This research aims to investigate and analyze religious learning methods that fall into categories centered on students studying Islamic religious education. This research uses the library research research method, by taking a descriptive-analytical approach with this type of literature review. The results of this research are that Islamic religious learning methods that are student-centered, including the Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) Method, promote students' critical and analytical thinking skills in finding answers to the problems they face. The Group Discussion Method, with an interactive approach, is able to increase students' enthusiasm for learning through sharing ideas and debating relevant topics. Practice Methods provide opportunities for students to conduct experiments and real practice, helping them find answers to problems through hands-on experience. The Active Learning method encourages students to think critically and creatively, contextualizing learning materials with everyday life situations. The Peer Tutor method utilizes the role of peers as tutors, increasing understanding through closer communication and interaction. Overall, these methods, with their various innovations, have proven effective in improving the quality of Islamic religious learning, helping students develop critical thinking skills, problem solving, and a deeper understanding of Islamic teachings.
Teacher Competency in Using Image Media to Improve Children's Memory at RA A Miftahul Ulum Sana Daja Village, Pasean District, Pamekasan Regency
Authors: Fatimatuzzahrah  , Dewi Pusparini  , Musayyadah
Published: November 2024

Learnig  media is very useful  to use in learning. The use of media in learning can make it easier and attract students' learning interest. This research aims to analyze teacher competence in using image media to improve children's memory at RA A Miftahul Ulum Sana Daja Pasean Pamekasan. This research use desciptive qualitative approach. The subjects in this research were the principal and class A teacher at RA Miftahul Ulum. Data collection used in this research was observation, interviews and documentation, data analysis was carried out by data condensation, data presentation and conclusions. The results of this research show that teacher competence in using image media to improve children's memory at RA A Miftahul Ulum is very good. This can be seen from how the teacher's ability to plan lessons using image media to improve children's memory runs smoothly and children are able to recall what they have learned using images.
مناهج المفسّرين: دراسة بحثية موجزة
Authors: Muhammed Fayis Ak
Published: November 2024

هذه خلاصة عن موضوع واسع "مناهج المفسّرين" لا يتمّ دراسته حتى يختم تأليف التفسير وبحثت فيها عن المناهج عامّة وبعض مناهج المفسّرين. وطرق التفاسير مختلف وكلّ مفسّر يختار طريقه الممتاز مفارقا بطريق اللآخر. ونتيجة البحث تعدّ هكذا: لكلّ تفسير منهج خاصّ ان كان في نوع واحد مهارة العلماء في الفنون سوف تحدث مغايرة بين التفاسير .ولذا الدراسة في مناهج المفسّرين ليس جهد قليل بل شائع الى التجديد والتقديم والباحث الجديد يكشف فيه ما لا يجد من مرّ قبل
The Contribution of Islamic Education in Economic and National Development in the Digital Era
Authors: Ahadiah Hanum  , Holilur Rahman
Published: November 2024

Islamic education has a very significant role in encouraging economic development and strengthening the nation's character in the digital era. This research underscores the importance of integrating moral values such as honesty, justice and responsibility in the Islamic education curriculum to produce individuals who not only have extensive knowledge but are also based on high morality. Islamic economic principles, such as zakat and infaq, act as effective tools for wealth redistribution, which contribute to reducing social inequality and improving people's well-being. Apart from that, Islamic education that is adaptive to technological developments encourages innovation that supports the digital economy and the development of the halal industry. Therefore, Islamic education not only makes a significant contribution to spiritual and moral aspects, but also plays an important role in economic progress and sustainable national development.
Choroid Plexus Structural and vascular Changes Associated with Aging in the HCP Dataset
Authors: Sun Zhe , Li Chenyang , Wisniewski Thomas , Ge Yulin
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Analyzing ChP changes in normal aging is essential for grasping its role in neurological disorders. Goal(s): To evaluate ChP changes with age using diffusion and perfusion MRI in a lifespan HCP-aging dataset. Approach: MR images of 641 healthy participants aged from 36 to 90 years old were analyzed to extract diffusion and perfusion measurements of ChP to investigate their age-related changes. Results: With age, the ChP undergoes significant changes, including increased volume, reduced blood flow, elevated MD values, and a more rapid decline in blood flow compared to gray and white matter. Impact: This study offers a comprehensive evaluation of age-related changes in the ChP, enhancing our comprehension of its potential involvement in age-related cognitive decline. Furthermore, age-related ChP alterations exhibit distinct patterns compared to changes in gray and white matter.
Hybrid Multi-Echo Radial Look-Locker (hME-rLL) Acquisition for Joint Estimation of water-T1, PDFF, and R2*
Authors: Ahanonu Eze , Goerke Ute , Toner Brian , Johnson Kevin , Deshpande Vibhas , Shih Shu-Fu , Zhong Xiaodong , Wu Holden , Bilgin Ali , Altbach Maria
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Reducing the time required to achieve comprehensive liver evaluation will improve scanning efficiency and increase access to non-invasive diagnostic toolsGoal(s): To develop an acquisition protocol which allows accurate estimation of water-only T1 ($$$T1w$$$), PDFF, and R2*Approach: Combing dual-echo and extended-echo (>2) readout into a single acquisition, using the extended-echo acquisition to estimate the field-map, R2*, and PDFF. Then using the R2* and field maps to perform fat/water decomposition on the dual-echo acquisition for $$$T1w$$$ estimation. Results: Both phantom and in vivo results demonstrated that $$$T1w$$$, R2*, and PDFF can be accurately estimated using the proposed approach. Impact: Increasing the efficiency of MRI sequence and protocols allows for reduced scan time and improved scanner efficiency. These contributions make the diagnostic process easier for patients and physicians, which should result in improved healthcare.
Field Cycling Imaging: a novel very low field modality to characterize breast cancer
Authors: Mallikourti Vasiliki , Ross James , Maier Oliver , Hanna Katie , Husain Ehab , Davies Gareth , Lurie David , Lip Gerald , Lahrech Hana , Masannat Yazan , Broche Lionel
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Field Cycling Imaging (FCI) has never been used in clinics and its capability in medical diagnosis has not yet demonstrated. Goal(s): Our goal was to demonstrate the capabilities of FCI as an imaging modality to diagnose breast cancer by measuring the T1 variations at low field from 2.3 to 200 mT. Approach: Ten patients were imaged with our recent FCI prototype scanner and images were compared with standard clinical imaging and histology. Results: FCI provides relevant biomarkers of molecular dynamics that detect tumours and discriminate invasive from non-invasive tumours. In addition, FCI is insensitive to breast density and provides accurate tumour delineation. Impact: FCI, which uses variant low field strengths, could complement clinical imaging without contrast agents non-invasively and could improve the estimation of tumour size and resection margins, even for dense breasts, including DCIS which is often under/over-estimated in clinical imaging.
Inter-Channel Correlation-based EMI Noise Removal for Shielding-Free Low-field Portable MRI
Authors: Huang Yiman , Qu Shuxian , Zhang Xiaotong
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The current electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise removal approaches for low-field portable magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) only focus on single receive coil EMI removal, which ignores noise relationship among coil elements of RF coil arrays. Goal(s): Our goal was to remove EMI noise in receive coils not only related to EMI detectors, but also among receive coil elements. Approach: A signal correlation matrix was constructed from signals acquired by EMI coils and receive coils, and decorrelation matrix was calculated for EMI noise removal. Results: Phantom results and pilot in vivo human brain images showed that the proposed method have better EMI noise removal rate. Impact: The proposed EMI noise removal method for unshielded low-field MRI can better improve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) compared to state-of-the-art methods, which enable the EMI noise removal for array coils in low-field portable MRI application.
Prolonged Central Thalamic Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation Rescued Memory Deficits in Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model
Authors: Lin Yi-Chen , Li Ssu-Ju , Lo Yu-Chun , Liu Yun-Ting , Lee Yi-Chun , Chen Ting-Chieh , Chang Ching-Wen , Liang Yao-Wen , Chen Ching-Te , Lin Sheng-Huang , Chen You-Yin
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Addressing the global AD crisis by investigating CT-iTBS as a non-pharmacological treatment to enhance memory and cognition. Goal(s): To explore the therapeutic efficacy and determine the optimal treatment protocol of CT-iTBS in AD while unveiling its potential underlying mechanism for enhancing memory and cognitive functions. Approach: Utilized brain magnetic resonance imaging analysis, behavioral tests, and immunofluorescence staining for assessing the therapeutic effect of different durations of CT-iTBS treatment. Results: Prolonged CT-iTBS significantly enhanced cognitive and memory behaviors, altered brain functional connectivity, promoted a neuroprotective effect, and reduced amyloid accumulation in AD mouse model. These findings present a promising therapeutic avenue for AD patients. Impact: Our findings revealed a highly promising avenue for enhancing the quality of life for individuals with AD and provided insights into the potential underlying neuroprotective mechanisms of CT-iTBS in alleviating memory deficits.
An MRI-visible mesenchymal stem cell therapy reinvigorates T lymphocytes in glioblastoma
Authors: Li Jianing , Yang Ruichen , Chen Junwei , Wen Qin , Deng Kan , Mao Jiaji , Shen Jun
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Immunotherapy resistance in glioblastoma (GBM) has been linked to a paucity of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes and concurrent T-cell dysfunction. Goal(s): This research aims to determine whether MRI-visible mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could be employed for GBM immunotherapy. Approach: CXCL10-Nrf2-FTH-MSCs with enhanced T lymphocyte recruitment (Cxcl10 gene), oxidative stress tolerance (Nrf2 gene), and MRI visibility (Fth gene) were genetically engineered. With the guidance of FTH-MRI, these MSCs were injected into the tumor periphery of orthotopic GL261 GBMs in mice. Results: In vivo MRI monitoring and histology examinations demonstrated that CXCL10-Nrf2-FTH-MSCs can significantly limit GBM growth by reviving T lymphocytes within the tumor. Impact: FTH-MRI is a practical method for guiding intracranial stem cell transplantation. MRI-guided peritumoral implantation of CXCL10-Nrf2-FTH-MSCs provides a novel immunotherapeutic approach based on tumoricidal stem cells for the treatment of GBM.
The MRI-based radiomics nomogram for predicting massive hemorrhage during dilatation and curettage
Authors: Gao Feng , Fu Le , Cheng Jiejun , Shi Jie , Zhang Yong
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Dilation and Curettage (D&C) is the preferred treatment for Cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) patients. However, current methods for preoperative assessment of intraoperative bleeding are limited. Goal(s): To develop a nomogram using radiomics and MRI-based clinical information to predict massive hemorrhage during D&C in CSP patients. Approach: 116 CSP patients were enrolled. Radiomics features and clinical variables were analyzed to conduct the radiomics and the clinical models. The nomogram was established by combining Radscore and the selected clinical variables. Results: Among the three models, the nomogram achieved the highest prediction performance with an AUC of 0.926 for test data. Impact: This study first developed the MR-based radiomics nomogram to accurately predict massive hemorrhage preoperatively in CSP patients.
Evaluation of a cervical cancer-specific restriction spectrum imaging model on an independent pilot cohort using PET/MRI: pre- and post-therapy
Authors: Lundström Elin , Rodríguez-Soto Ana , Hedlund Elisabeth , Jónsdóttir Björg , Kozar Katarzyna , Conlin Christopher , Loubrie Stephane , Jordan Stephan , Schlein Alexandra , Ebrahimi Sheida , Peterson J Stefan , Guidon Arnaud , Kuperman Joshua , Seibert Tyler , Dale Anders , Liss Per , Koliadi Anthoula , Rakow-Penner Rebecca
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Restriction spectrum imaging (RSI) can potentially improve cervical cancer evaluation pre- and post-therapy, particularly in separating persistent malignancy from post-treatment edema. Goal(s): To evaluate a cervical cancer-specific RSI model for assessment on an independent pilot cohort examined with combined PET/MRI. Approach: Four patients underwent PET/MRI before (chemo)radiotherapy. Two of them also underwent PET/MRI within 4 weeks of treatment, MRI 3 months post-treatment and PET/MRI 6 months post-treatment. Two healthy volunteers underwent MRI only. Results: Preliminary results showed increased tumor conspicuity on RSI compared to conventional pre-therapy PET/MRI and promising results early post-therapy. Impact: Cervical cancer-specific restriction spectrum imaging (RSI), evaluated on an independent pilot cohort, indicates increased tumor conspicuity compared to conventional pre-therapy PET/MRI and promising results post-therapy. Future work will target early therapy response assessment in combined RSI-PET/MRI at a larger scale.
Feasibility of susceptibility separation using single-echo gradient-echo and MPRAGE
Authors: Naji Nashwan , Snyder Jeff , Wilman Alan
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Susceptibility separation enables exploring sub-voxel contributions of iron/myelin but requires multi-echo gradient-echo to calculate the R2* map. Extending its applicability to single-echo measurements such as in SWI-focused studies, would allow wider usage. Goal(s): To develop and validate at 3T an approach that produces brain para- and diamagnetic maps from SWI with information from MPRAGE images typically collected for structural imaging. Approach: R2* was estimated from SWI and MPRAGE using Bloch simulations, followed by production of para- and diamagnetic maps using calculated R2* and R2 maps, and SWI phase. Results: Comparable maps to those produced from multi-echo images were obtained. Impact: The proposed method enables producing para- and diamagnetic maps from SWI studies, with the possibility of retrospective application if SWI raw phase and T1w images exist.
A Self-supervised Physics-informed Reconstruction Error Compensation Neural Network for Magnetic Resonance Electrical Property Tomography
Authors: Qin Ruian , Inda Adan Garcia , Zhou Zhongchao , Yang Tianyi , Imamoglu Nevrez , Gomez-Tames Jose , Huang Shao Ying , Yu Wenwei
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The recent physics-informed neural network (PINN) for Magnetic resonance electrical properties tomography (MREPT) still reply on ground truth as boundary conditions for back propagations. Goal(s): It is aimed to propose a PINN that uses only the residuals of an MREPT analytic model rather than ground truth data. Approach: A PINN framework which uses the aforementioned residuals to guide the network learning process of an neural network, enhancing the accuracy and reliability of the reconstruction, was proposed to compensate for the conductivity reconstruction errors of the Stabilized-EPT. Results: The results show increased accuracy of the reconstruction of conductivity for both normal and tumorous tissues. Impact: Feasibility of more accurate conductivity reconstruction without any ground truth information is demonstrated. This may lead to practical cancer detection.
Predicting Disease-Free Survival by DWI and DCE MRI Scores for Breast Cancer Patients with Neoadjuvant Systemic Treatment
Authors: Ota Rie , Kataoka Masako , Iima Mami , Honda Maya , Okazawa Aika , Suzuki Mizue , Kanao Shotaro , Kubo Takeshi , Yamada Yosuke , Takeuchi Yasuhide , Takada Masahiro , Nakamoto Yuji
Published: November 2024

Motivation: MRI is expected to be a new surrogate marker of prognosis that can replace pathological complete response (pCR) for breast cancer patients who underwent neoadjuvant systemic treatment (NST). Goal(s): MRI is expected to be a new surrogate marker of prognosis that can replace pathological complete response (pCR) for breast cancer patients who underwent neoadjuvant systemic treatment (NST)Approach: Survival analysis was performed for disease-free survival using Kaplan-Meier method. Results: DWI score after NST of breast cancer was associated with DFS, in particular triple-negative, HER2-positive, and luminal-HER2 subtype. Impact: The DWI / kinetic score obtained from MRI after neoadjuvant systemic treatment (NST) were associated with disease-free survival (DFS), especially among triple-negative, HER2-positive, and luminal/HER2 subtype. The DWI score may be a biomarker for prognosis of breast cancer patients.
Multiparametric MRI-based radiomics fusion combined with quantitative stratified ADC-defined tumor habitats for TNBC identification
Authors: Zhang Wanli , Liang Fangrong , Li Jiamin , Xu Yongzhou , Zhen Xin , Yang Ruimeng , Jiang Xinqing
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Investigated the role of quantitative stratified apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)-defined tumor habitats in differentiating triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) from non-TNBC using a multiparametric MRI (mpMRI)-based feature fusion radiomics (RFF) approach. Goal(s): To develop an RFF-StratifiedADC model using an RFF strategy and reveal distinct ADC map–based tumor habitats for distinguishing TNBC. Approach: RFF (predominant MRI sequence–based fused features), RADC (ADC radiomics features), StratifiedADC (stratified ADC–defined tumor habitat parameters), and combined RFF-StratifiedADC models were constructed to identify TNBC. Results: Stratified ADC parameters helped evaluate the underlying biological proliferation and cellularity within tumor habitats. The integrated RFF-StratifiedADC model was effective and reliable for TNBC identification. Impact: Stratified ADC–defined tumor habitat parameters derived from whole-tumor ADC maps, along with fused radiomics features from dominant mpMRI sequences (T2WI, DWI, ADC maps, and DCE2), can serve as potential biomarkers for differentiating TNBC from non-TNBC.
Evaluation of Amide Proton Transfer-Weighted Imaging and T2 mapping for preoperative risk stratification of endometrioid adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Fang , Cheng Lianhua , Chang Lingyu , Pylypenko Dmytro , Dou Weiqiang , Yu Dexin , Wang Qing
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Preoperative risk stratification of endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EA) impacts the choice of operative modality and prognosis of patients. Goal(s): We aimed to perform an accurate and non-invasive preoperative risk stratification method for EA by MRI sequences. Approach: APTw imaging as well as T2 mapping were included in this study. Results: The APTw and T2 values showed significant differences between the low- and non-low-risk groups. Combining APTw with T2 mapping achieved the highest diagnostic efficacy in the preoperative risk stratification. Impact: This suggested that the integrated use of APTw and T2 mapping can be an effective method for the preoperative risk assessment of EA.
Hyperpolarized [2-13C]pyruvate-d3 detects hepatic gluconeogenesis in vivo
Authors: Huynh Mai , Erfani Zohreh , Kovacs Zoltan , Park Jae Mo
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Assessing gluconeogenesis using hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate is technically challenging because [13C]bicarbonate can be produced from both oxidative and gluconeogenic pathways and spectrally resolving the gluconeogenic products from large, neighboring peaks is non-trivial at 3T. Goal(s): This study examines the utility of deuterated hyperpolarized [2-13C]pyruvate in assessing gluconeogenesis. Approach: Sodium [2-13C]pyruvate-d3 was synthesized to prolong the T1. Hepatic metabolism was investigated using hyperpolarized [2-13C]pyruvate-d3with D2O dissolution under normal fed and fasted conditions. Results: The T1 of [2-13C]pyruvate-d3 was ~80 s when dissolved with D2O. Gluconeogenic products such as [2-13C]oxaloacetate and [2-13C]phosphoenolpyruvate were observed from fasted rats only, highlighting clear advantages over [1-13C]pyruvate in investigating gluconeogenesis. Impact: Hyperpolarization technology is rapidly being translated to humans. With the proven safety and feasibility, hyperpolarized [2-13C]pyruvate-d3 will facilitate its utilization in underexplored liver and kidney metabolism, illuminating mechanistic understanding for several disorders that are believed to depend on altered gluconeogenesis.
Mapping the amplitude and phase of dissolved 129Xe red blood cell signal oscillations with keyhole spectroscopic lung imaging
Authors: Pilgrim-Morris Jemima , Collier Guilhem , Takigawa Mika , Norquay Graham , Stewart Neil , Wild Jim
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Cardiogenic oscillations in dissolved 129Xe red blood cell (RBC) signal are sensitive to cardiopulmonary disease. Current methods to map the amplitude of these oscillations do not consider oscillation phase, leading to physiologically unrealistic amplitude values. Goal(s): To map the amplitude and phase of 129Xe RBC oscillations in the lung vasculature. Approach: Multiple phases of the cardiac cycle were reconstructed from multi-echo dissolved 129Xe spectroscopic imaging data using a sliding window keyhole method, to map both oscillation amplitude and phase in healthy volunteers and post-COVID-19 patients. Results: Both oscillation amplitude and phase were mapped regionally. Phase-adjustment improved oscillation amplitude inter-scan repeatability in healthy volunteers. Impact: Sliding-window keyhole 129Xe RBC oscillation amplitude and phase mapping corrects for physiologically unrealistic negative amplitudes. This approach allows regional mapping of RBC oscillation phase, which may represent the cardiac pulse wave in the pulmonary microvasculature, and its alteration in disease.
Assessing Ventilation and Gas Exchange of Lung Transplant Recipients with Hyperpolarized Xenon-129
Authors: Amzajerdian Faraz , Hamedani Hooman , Courtwright Andrew , Loza Luis , Ismail Mostafa , Ruppert Kai , Kadlecek Stephen , Rizi Rahim
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Improving the diagnosis and monitoring of chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) post-lung transplantation may lead to improved long-term patient outcomes. Goal(s): To identify hyperpolarized xenon-129 imaging markers for more comprehensively evaluating lung function in transplant recipients. Approach: A multi-breath xenon-polarization transfer contrast (XTC) technique was used to quantify ventilation and gas exchange longitudinally in lung transplant patients. Results: Correlations between the derived imaging metrics and current clinical standards for assessing lung function provided additional insight into the functional changes associated with post-transplant recovery or decline. Impact: Hyperpolarized xenon-129 MRI enables more comprehensive assessments of the functional and physiological changes associated with recovery and/or deterioration after lung transplantation, potentially leading to earlier CLAD diagnosis and improved long-term outcomes.
The Welsh Advanced Neuroimaging Database: an open-source state-of-the-art resource for brain research
Authors: McNabb Carolyn , Driver Ian , Hyde Vanessa , Hughes Garin , Chandler Hannah , Thomas Hannah , Messaritaki Eirini , Hodgetts Carl , Hedge Craig , Allen Christopher , Engel Maria , Standen Sophie , Morgan Emma , Stylianopoulou Elena , Manolova Svetla , Reed Lucie , Drakesmith Mark , Germuska Michael , Shaw Alexander , Mueller Lars , Rossiter Holly , Davies-Jenkins Christopher , Evans John , Owen David , Perry Gavin , Kusmir Slawomir , Lambe Emily , Partridge Adam , Cooper Alison , Hobden Peter , Lawrence Andrew , Wise Richard , Walters James , Sumner Petroc , Singh Krish , Jones Derek
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Advances in MRI have increased our understanding of the human brain but are frequently limited by single modality study designs. Combining data from multiple modalities/MR contrasts can enhance our understanding of the complex multi-scale neural relationships that underpin human behaviour. Goal(s): Our goal was to create an open-access multi-scale, multi-modal imaging database of the healthy human brain. Approach: The Welsh Advanced Neuroimaging Database (WAND) includes micro and macro-structural, functional and spectroscopic MRI, MEG and cognitive data from over 150 healthy volunteers. Results: WAND is free, open-source, organised using the Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS), and now available for download. Impact: The Welsh Advanced Neuroimaging Database takes steps toward democratising magnetic resonance research by making multi-modal, multi-scale neuroimaging data freely and easily available, enhancing opportunities for collaboration and development of novel analysis techniques, further progressing the field of neuroimaging.
Advancements in Prostate Luminal Water Imaging: Radial Turbo Spin-Echo Acquisition and Spatial Regularization
Authors: Razmara Parsa , Han Fei , Kong Qingle , Xiao Jiayu , Chen Junzhou , Aron Monish , Haldar Justin , Fan Zhaoyang
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Non-invasive and efficient diagnostic methods for prostate cancer are urgently needed to enhance patient experience and improve diagnostic accuracy. Goal(s): To develop and validate a novel radial turbo spin-echo (rTSE) sequence for luminal water imaging (LWI) that reduces MRI scan times while maintaining image quality. Approach: Employed a radial k-space trajectory for the rTSE sequence, optimized on volunteers, followed by paired comparison with the MESE sequence. Implemented spatial regularization to stabilize the T2 decay curve fitting. Results: The rTSE sequence halved scan times without compromising image quality or diagnostic precision. Spatial regularization significantly improved the homogeneity and smoothness of LWF, demonstrating better outcomes. Impact: The rTSE sequence enhances prostate MRI by cutting scan times and discomfort without losing diagnostic accuracy. Spatial regularization refines tissue analysis for earlier cancer detection and reduces noise for clearer luminal water fraction maps.
Adaptive Real-time Control and Online Reconstruction of Free-Breathing Abdominal MRF
Authors: Dupuis Andrew , Chen Yong , Kretzler Madison , Chow Kelvin , Li Xinzhou , Griswold Mark , Boyacioglu Rasim
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Abdominal MRF can require long breath-holds. Free-breathing MRF with retrospective binning and offline reconstruction does not guarantee adequate map quality. Goal(s): Develop a self-binning, self-terminating MRF sequence for free-breathing abdominal imaging, providing real-time adjustments to the acquisition for improved image quality. Approach: The proposed MRF sequence monitors respiratory states in real-time, adapts or extends the acquisition based on reconstruction feedback, and performs iterative conjugate gradient reconstruction online. Results: The free-breathing approach shows promising results mitigating motion artifacts, producing similar maps to conventional breath-hold results. Sequence termination commands are processed within 0.55 seconds, while reconstruction is completed within 22 seconds. Impact: This work enables free-breathing abdominal MRF scans with real-time control and online reconstruction. This approach potentially allows for shorter scans with improved map quality without breath-holds. New strategies for real-time control and adaptive MRF imaging can now be investigated.
Differences in 4D aortic motion derived from 3T bSSFP CMR between Marfan syndrome patients and healthy volunteers
Authors: Bosshardt Daan , Merton Renske , Nederveen Aart , Robbers-Visser Danielle , van Kimmenade Roland , Cox Moniek , Schrauben Eric , Groenink Maarten , van Ooij Pim
Published: November 2024

Motivation: New biomarkers are needed to guide aortic surgery to prevent aortic dissection in Marfan syndrome (MFS). Goal(s): To investigate differences in aortic motion between healthy volunteers and (subgroups of) MFS patients. Approach: We apply a recently published novel non-contrast enhanced, free breathing, time-resolved 3D balanced steady free precession CMR scan with a machine learning based algorithm for automatic aortic segmentations to evaluate 4D aortic motion. Results: We found significant differences in aortic motion between patients with- and without a history of aortic root surgery and healthy volunteers. Thus, aortic motion might be a novel marker for aortic disease severity in MFS. Impact: The differences in 4D aortic motion measured using 3D CINE balanced steady state free precession CMR between healthy volunteers and (subgroups of) Marfan syndrome patients might provide a new marker for disease severity in Marfan syndrome.
Comparison of diagnostic image quality of a 24-channel pediatric screen-printed coil to commercially available coils in clinical body MR exams
Authors: Zhang Yingzhen , Raichandani Surbhi , Syed Ali
Published: November 2024

Motivation: To evaluate diagnostic image quality of novel 24-channel screen-printed flexible coil array in pediatric body MR at 3TGoal(s): Whether the diagnostic image quality of novel 24-channel screen-printed flexible coil array in pediatric body MR at 3T is comparable to commercially available coilsApproach: Retrospective case-control study with pediatric patients who underwent clinical body MR exams using either screen-printed coils or commercial coils. A single radiologist reviewed image quality using anonymized randomized image stacks. Results: A flexible screen-printed pediatric MRI receive coil yielded similar diagnostic image quality to commercial coils on body MRI exams performed in the clinical setting. Impact: Screen-printed pediatric MRI receive coil yielded comparable diagnostic image quality to commercial coils on body MRI exams performed in the clinical setting on 3T scanners while offering the advantages of comfort, flexibility, and ease of use.
Investigating Phase-Cycled bSSFP Imaging for Functional Lung Imaging in 2-Year-Olds After Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Repair
Authors: Ilıcak Efe , Özdemir Safa , Zöllner Frank
Published: November 2024

Motivation: bSSFP-based non-contrast-enhanced imaging is a promising alternative for functional lung imaging in pediatric patients. However, bSSFP acquisitions suffer from magnetic field inhomogeneities. Goal(s): Our goal is to investigate phase-cycled bSSFP acquisitions as a robust alternative in pediatric functional lung imaging. Approach: We acquired dynamic images using conventional and phase-cycled bSSFP acquisitions at 1.5T, from five 2-year-old patients after congenital diaphragmatic hernia repair. The images were non-rigid registered to a reference frame and functional maps were obtained using dynamic mode decomposition technique. Results: We have successfully obtained functional maps in all patients and observed a trend toward improved ventilation map homogeneity using phase-cycled acquisitions. Impact: Pulmonary functional maps obtained via non-contrast-enhanced bSSFP acquisitions may suffer from field inhomogeneity artifacts. Here, we investigate phase-cycled bSSFP imaging in 2-year-old congenital diaphragmatic hernia patients, and show improved robustness, which may be beneficial for lung function assessments.
Comparison of MR-Signal-based and Deformation-based Ventilation Measurement in Pediatric Patients with non-CF Bronchiectasis
Authors: Voskrebenzev Andreas , Gutberlet Marcel , Klimeš Filip , Müller Robin , Wernz Marius , Dohna Martha , Renz Diane , Wacker Frank , Vogel-Claussen Jens
Published: November 2024

Motivation: A previous study showed that MR-signal-based (RVent) and deformation-based approaches (JVent) for ventilation are theoretically equivalent, but result in different defects in a digital lung model. A verification of this finding using real data is pending. Goal(s): Test if both ventilation parameters result in significant differences on a global and regional level. Approach: A retrospective analysis of 32 patients with non-CF Bronchiectasis was performed, calculating RVent, JVent and corresponding ventilation defects for three registration variants. Results: There were significant differences and patterns on a global and regional level, which are consistent with the findings in the lung model study. Impact: Inferior-superior gradient in deformation-based ventilation measurements might lead to a biased defect detection. Therefore, use of such parameters might require further correction and/or diligent registration optimization. Thus, signal-based ventilation with more stable performance across different registration variants might be benefical.
Real-Time Imaging of Lower Airway Collapse at 0.55T
Authors: Kapai Sarina , Kumar Prakash , Yagiz Ecrin , Tian Ye , Kato Roberta , Chen Marcus , Ferrada Marcela , Campbell-Washburn Adrienne , Nayak Krishna
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Tracheomalacia involves intermittent collapse of the lower airway and is difficult to diagnose. Currently, this condition is evaluated with invasive procedures like bronchoscopy or dynamic computer tomography (CT) which utilizes ionizing radiation. Goal(s): To develop and optimize a high spatial and temporal resolution pulse sequence for evaluating tracheomalacia at 0.55T. Approach: We optimize contrast (sequence, flip angle) for dynamic imaging in the lower airway for both 2D and SMS real-time imaging. Results: Spiral acquisition achieves sufficient temporal resolution and the TrueFISP sequence (flip angle=32°) offers optimal contrast for imaging lower airway collapse. Impact: We demonstrate the feasibility of capturing lower airway collapse with 2D and SMS real-time imaging (at 0.55T) in a way that is informative to the diagnosis and longitudinal monitoring of tracheomalacia.
Brain temperature and its relation to cognitive status in traumatic brain injury: a whole-brain magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging study
Authors: Kitagawa Maho , Abiko Kagari , Sheriff Sulaiman , Maudsley Andrew , Sawamura Daisuke , Tha Khin
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The long-term outcome, i.e., the impact of injury on life, may be underestimated in patients with mild-to-moderate TBI. Cognitive deficit, a sequela of TBI and a significant social burden, is difficult to assess in uncooperative patients. Goal(s): To compare brain temperature between control and TBI groups, and to assess the relationship between brain temperature and cognitive status in TBI group. Approach: Brain temperature of patients was estimated noninvasively by WB-MRSI and compared to controls; the association between brain temperature and cognitive status was also assessed in the TBI group. Results: Significant brain temperature reductions in the TBI group were associated with cognitive decline. Impact: The strong correlation between brain temperature and cognitive performance in the TBI group indicates that attention decreases as brain temperature decreases. Brain temperature may become as a quantitative indicator of cognitive status in patients with subacute to chronic TBI.
Spinal cord injury and the patterns of neuronal plasticityduring motor-rehabilitation training
Authors: Emmenegger Tim , David Gergely , Killeen Tim , Freund Patrick
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Rehabilitation following spinal cord injury is currently the only means to improve motor function. How macro-and microstructural changes in the CNS promote such recovery is understudied. Goal(s): Investigate training-induced plasticity during motor skill training and explore associations between neuroplasticity and performance. Approach: We compared healthy and SCI trainees and healthy non-trainees using quantitative and diffusion MRI, and associated changes in MRI parameters with performance improvement. Results: SCI patients showed training-induced changes in cortical and subcortical areas, which were akin to those in healthy controls and were linked to specific aspects of motor skill learning. Impact: Motor skill learning in SCI induces neuroplasticity in similar areas as seen in healthy controls. These findings open the possibility to monitor progress in neurorehabilitation.
Robust Deep Equilibrium Paradigms for 3D Hybrid Stack of Stars Reconstruction
Authors: Shamim A M K Muntasir , Johnson Kevin
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Exploring the stability of various memory efficient deep equilibrium architectures for non-cartesian stack of stars reconstruction. Goal(s): Implementing memory efficient inversion-based and inversion free deep equilibrium models and assessing performance against unrolled network baselines. Approach: Applying an implicit layer consisting of data-consistency and a 2D-UNet denoiser to find a fixed point and iteratively solving the optimization problem using proximal gradient descent with inversion free and inversion-based equilibrium backpropagation. Compare the efficacy of spectral normalization and Jacobian regularization on stability. Results: The inversion-free deep equilibrium model exhibited performance similar to unrolled networks, achieving a significant 50% reduction in GPU memory usage. Impact: Stable and memory-efficient training advances AI-based reconstructions by enhancing their robustness and efficiency, leading to more accurate diagnoses and treatments, ultimately improving patient care. Moreover, it renders these advanced AI solutions more accessible to resource-constrained systems.
Evaluating Machine Learning-Based MRI Reconstruction Using Digital Image Quality Phantoms
Authors: Tan Fei , Delfino Jana , Zeng Rongping
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Quantitative image quality evaluation tools are needed for machine learning-based MR reconstruction. Goal(s): To introduce digital image quality phantoms and evaluation metrics tailored for machine learning-based MR reconstruction, scalable to form large test sets, and flexible to simulate various object size, image contrast, signal-to-noise-ratio, resolution etc. Approach: We created 2D disks, resolution arrays, and low-contrast phantoms resembling MR ACR phantom properties. The evaluation includes geometric accuracy, intensity uniformity, resolution, and low-contrast detectability. We evaluated the AUTOMAP reconstruction model trained on the M4Raw and FastMRI datasets with these phantoms. Results: The study provides a tool for evaluating machine learning-based MRI reconstruction. Impact: This research establishes digital phantoms and quantitative metrics for evaluating machine learning-based MRI reconstruction. These tools enable accurate assessment of fundamental image quality and generalizability over scan conditions, offering valuable feedback for improving machine learning-based methods development.
In vivo detection of GSH and GABA in high-grade glioma using MEGA-sLASER spectral editing at 3 T
Authors: Alcicek Seyma , Manzhurtsev Andrei , Ronellenfitsch Michael W. , Deelchand Dinesh , Steinbach Joachim P. , Prinz Vincent , Forster Marie-Thérèse , Hattingen Elke , Pilatus Ulrich , Wenger Katharina J.
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Alterations in glutamatergic and GABAergic (gamma-aminobutyric acid) mechanisms render peritumoral neuronal networks of infiltrating glioma hyper-excitable and more prone to seizures. Goal(s): Glutamate, glutamine, glutathione (GSH), and GABA are therefore key metabolites in glioma-associated epilepsy. Approach: Nowadays, J-editing MR spectroscopy is the primary technique in the detection of low-abundant metabolites (e.g., GSH, GABA) that overlap with more prominent signals. We used this technique combined with sLASER sequence (MEGA-sLASER) to improve localization accuracy and showed its reliability/repeatability for GSH and GABA quantification in glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype. Results: This approach could foster our understanding of the biological effects of novel drugs targeting tumor-associated epilepsy. Impact: MEGA-sLASER might improve the detectability and MRS localization accuracy of low-abundant metabolites (GSH, GABA) even in rather small, heterogeneous solid tumors. Here, we show the reliability/reproducibility of this method in the investigation of glioma-associated epilepsy in glioblastoma patients.
Feasibility of 3D APT and NOE mapping using extrapolated semi-solid magnetization transfer reference fitting in brain tumors
Authors: Togao Osamu , Keupp Jochen , Wada Tatsuhiro , Yamashita Koji , Kikuchi Kazufumi , Ishigami Kousei
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Currently, APT and NOE imaging with extrapolated semi-solid magnetization transfer reference (EMR) fitting has been performed with single-slice acquisition. Goal(s): To demonstrate the feasibility of 3D APT and NOE imaging with EMR fitting using the 3D CEST sequence with CS-SENSE in patients with brain tumors. Approach: 3D CEST imaging with CS-SENSE was adjusted to clinical scan. EMR fitting was performed on the 3D data. Results: 3D APT and NOE mapping was feasible in all patients with brain tumors by using the 3D CEST imaging with CS-SENSE within a clinically acceptable acquisition time. Impact: The feasibility of 3D APT and NOE mapping using 3D CEST imaging with CS-SENSE was demonstrated. Quantitative evaluation of APT and NOE on multiple slices allows for the quantitative assessment for the entire tumor area.
Functional dynamic patterns of executive networks predict postoperative attentive outcome in glioma patients
Authors: Saviola Francesca , Zigiotto Luca , Sarubbo Silvio , Jovicich Jorge
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Brain surgery glioma patients frequently exhibit attentional deficit, however the prediction of its appearance is largely unknown. Goal(s): Investigate longitudinal temporal properties of executive function to gain insights about its relationship with cognitive attentive performance in gliomas. Approach: We used longitudinal dynamic functional connectivity analysis of executive networking to associate it with neuropsychological attentive and executive performance. Results: Post-surgical attentive performance is strictly related to functional temporal properties of executive networks, regardless of gliomas' features. Underlying substrates of impairment in the executive domain could be explained by looking at changes in temporal persistence of highly co-activated fronto-parietal networking. Impact: Co-activation patterns framework enables the prediction of post-operative attentional deficits by looking at pre-surgical temporal features of executive networking. We demonstrate how the dynamic nature of the brain contains crucial features to develop clinically relevant imaging markers for gliomas recovery.