bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fundamentals of photodynamic therapy, clinical practice and prospects for use in pediatric surgery. Review
Authors: Bataev Saidkhasan M. , Tsilenko Konstantin S. , Osipov Anatoly N. , Reshetnikov Andrey V. , Bataev Ali S. , Sosnova Sofya P.
Published: November 2022

The paper provides a review of domestic and foreign literature on photodynamic therapy, which is mainly used by oncologists in the treatment of adult patients and is little known to pediatric surgeons. The aim of this work is to describe the history of the formation, principles and mechanisms of photodynamic therapy, the main groups of photo sensitizers, areas of clinical application and prospects for wider use in pediatric surgery.
Literature sources were searched in the databases in Russian eLibrary and English Medline and PubMed. The following keywords were specified for the search: photodynamic therapy, dysplasia, metaplasia, angiodysplasia, Barretts syndrome, children. 865 papers were found, of which 66 were fully consistent with the purpose of our study and were analyzed.
The data presented in the review of the literature indicate the high efficiency of the method of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of a number of diseases, mostly in oncology. In addition, the work contains theoretical calculations and separate reports on the effectiveness of the method in the treatment of dysplasia of varying degrees in children.
Taking into account the minimally invasiveness of the technique, the relative cheapness of photosensitizers and equipment for generating laser radiation, it is possible to create a basis for conducting research on the treatment of children with various dysplasias, epithelial metaplasia, and vascular malformations. Another promising direction is the development of technologies for the use of photodynamic methods for the treatment of severe forms of pyoinflammatory diseases in children.
In childhood surgery, there are nosological forms of diseases where the method of photodynamic therapy has the prospect of effective use. Limitations on the scope of this article do not allow for a detailed analysis of the existing experience in the use of photodynamic therapy in children, which will need to be done in subsequent works.
Automatic 3D Cranial Landmark Positioning based on Surface Curvature Feature using Machine Learning
Authors: Suputra Putu Hendra , Sensusiati Anggraini Dwi , Artaria Myrtati Dyah , Verkerke Gijsbertus Jacob , Yuniarno Eko Mulyanto , Purnama I Ketut Eddy
Published: November 2022

Cranial anthropometric reference points (landmarks) play an important role in craniofacial reconstruction and identification. Knowledge to detect the position of landmarks is critical. This work aims to locate landmarks automatically. Landmarks positioning using Surface Curvature Feature (SCF) is inspired by conventional methods of finding landmarks based on morphometrical features. Each cranial landmark has a unique shape. With the appropriate 3D descriptors, the computer can draw associations between shapes and landmarks using machine learning. The challenge in classification and detection in three-dimensional space is to determine the model and data representation. Using three-dimensional raw data in machine learning is a serious volumetric issue. This work uses the Surface Curvature Feature as a three-dimensional descriptor. It extracts the local surface curvature shape into a projection sequential value (depth). A machine learning method is developed to determine the position of landmarks based on local surface shape characteristics. Classification is carried out from the top-n prediction probabilities for each landmark class, from a set of predictions, then filtered to get pinpoint accuracy. The landmark prediction points are hypothetically clustered in a particular area, so a cluster-based filter is appropriate to isolate them. The learning model successfully detected the landmarks, with the average distance between the prediction points and the ground truth being 0.0326 normalized units. The cluster-based filter is implemented to increase accuracy compared to the ground truth. Thus, SCF is suitable as a 3D descriptor of cranial landmarks.
To study the prevalence of thyroid autoimmune antibody in chronic kidney disease patients with hypothyroidism in Eastern Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Sarkari Madhavi , Mishra Chandramauli , Mishra Saurabh
Published: November 2022

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as the presence of kidney damage. Hypothyroidism is prevalent in patients with CKD, including those on dialysis.

The present observational cross-sectional study included 120 patients (70 subjects and 50 controls) who had previously been diagnosed with chronic kidney disease and primary hypothyroidism, as well as those who presented with primary hypothyroidism alone. Serological Estimation of Anti-TPO Antibody, T3, T4 and TSH levels were done as per standard protocol.

We enrolled 120 patients, 70 of whom had hypothyroidism in addition to CKD and 50 of whom had hypothyroidism without CKD. Twenty percent of the cases tested positive for anti-TPO antibodies, while 80 % tested negative for anti-TPO antibodies. 71.5 % of positive cases were female, while 28.5 % were male. Among the controls, 74% were positive for anti-TPO antibodies, and 26% were negative. 64.9 % of the positive controls were female, while 35.1 % were male.

Our findings indicate that primary hypothyroidism is prevalent in a subgroup of patients with chronic kidney disease. The non-autoimmune mechanism appears to be more prevalent. However, additional multi-centric studies will be necessary to improve the reliability and generalizability of the current study's observations.
Variability, Correlation and Path Analysis for Several Quantitative Traits Derived Multi-Parent Advanced Generation Inter-Cross (Magic) F2 Population of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Thúy Lưu Thị , Vu Thi-Nhuong , Pham Van-Tinh , Nguyen Anh-Dung , Nguyen Trong-Khanh
Published: November 2022

Eight quantitative traits of an F2 MAGIC population in rice were subjected to analyze variability, correlation and path analysis. The results of third and fourth degree statistics (skewness and kurtosis) showed that Individual dried straw weight, 1000-seed weight, Individual grain yield, and Number of effective tillers are associated with complementary gene interaction, requiring intense selection, while Plant height, Panicle length, Spikelet fertility percentage, and Harvest index are associated with duplicate (additive x additive) gene interactions, are suitable for mild selection. Leptokurtic distribution of Plant height, Number of effective tillers per plant, Pancile length and Spikelet fertility percentage revealed that the large number of genes in governing the traits. Platykurtic distribution of Individual dried straw weight, 1000-seed weight, Individual grain yield and Harvest index indicated fewer genes controlling the traits. However, when it comes to H2 and GAM, high values were seen in Number of effective tillers per plant, Individual dried straw weight, Individual grain yield, the traits could be explained by additive gene action and achieved through mass selection. High heritability and lower GAM of Plant height, Panicle length, 1000-seed weight and Harvest index indicated by non-additive genes with limiting the chances of direct selection. For the Pearson correlation, 1000-seed weight showed no correlation with other traits. Individual grain yield highly correlated with Number of effective tillers per plant (0.864**) and Individual dried straw weight (0.828**). The highest total effects on Individual grain yield were Number of effective tillers per plant (2.7437) and Individual dried straw weight (1.0865). Individual dried straw weight had highest direct effect on Individual grain yield at 1.0734, while most of the traits showed high indirect effect on Individual grain yield through Individual dried straw weight.
Los derechos de la naturaleza y el principio del buen vivir como un giro decolonial en la gobernanza ambiental internacional
Authors: Tamayo-Álvarez Rafael
Published: November 2022

Este artículo hace una crítica a la estructura actual de la gobernanza ambiental internacional. Para ello se examinan tres iniciativas normativas que buscan fortalecer la gobernanza ambiental en relación con los conflictos armados, el derecho internacional penal y el derecho internacional económico. El objetivo es evidenciar que su común denominador es supeditar la protección del medio ambiente al logro de intereses de tipo antropocéntrico. Así, reproducen una mirada instrumental de la naturaleza, cuya protección jurídica no parte del reconocimiento de su importancia intrínseca, sino de la utilidad o el valor que representa para la especie humana. Además, en el artículo se argumenta que este antropocentrismo no es casual, sino una manifestación de la imaginación jurídica contemporánea forjada por la Modernidad capitalista. Por consiguiente, para proveer respuestas adecuadas a la crisis climática y a las crecientes demandas de justicia ambiental, el derecho internacional debe alejarse epistemológicamente del enfoque antropocéntrico que implica entender las relaciones sociedad-naturaleza desde la lógica capitalista de producir valor. Por ello, se propone que, como giro decolonial, el derecho internacional tenga apertura hacia los derechos de la naturaleza y el principio del buen vivir como conceptos que promueven visiones transformadoras de economía política.
La naturaleza como sujeto de derechos: ¿transformaciones del derecho para responder a sociedades pluriétnicas o a cambios en la ontología occidental?
Authors: Santamaría Ortiz Alejandro
Published: November 2022

Una de las principales transformaciones que el derecho ha experimentado en las últimas décadas se refiere al reconocimiento de la naturaleza (o de elementos de esta) como sujetos de derecho. Sin embargo, estas innovaciones no se han dado siempre en los mismos escenarios y, al parecer, una de las diferencias principales está en la presencia de pueblos étnicos en el medio de tales cambios. En este escrito se busca identificar cuándo el derecho ha creado estos nuevos sujetos para responder a los requerimientos de sociedades pluriétnicas y cuándo lo ha hecho como consecuencia de transformaciones de la misma sociedad occidental, a la luz de ciertos casos, principalmente, en Nueva Zelanda, India, Argentina y Colombia.
Personas, cosas, derechos
Authors: Atria Lemaitre Fernando
Published: November 2022

Este artículo explica el concepto jurídico-positivo de persona. Se revisan, em consecuencia, las diferencias con el concepto de cosa pero también con el concepto moral correspondiente. Para lo anterior se analiza la dicotomía de persona y cosa como una fundamental para el derecho, que evolucionó, en la codificación, hacia una unificación del concepto de persona y una simplificación del concepto de cosa. Esa dicotomía depende de una definición positiva de persona y una negativa de cosa. La caracterización positiva de persona es dependiente de la noción de derecho subjetivo, lo que sirve para mostrar la superioridad de las teorías del derecho subjetivo como interés protegido. Las posturas revisionistas de esta dicotomía y del concepto unitario de persona, particularmente en la discusión sobre derechos de la naturaleza, permitirán comprender de mejor modo el concepto jurídico-positivo de persona: un ser capaz de ser titular de derechos subjetivos. Esto significa: una perspectiva reconocida desde la cual pueden juzgarse estados de cosas como ventajosos/ desventajosos, es decir, desde la cual pueden identificarse intereses.
The Legal and Fiscal Situation of the Serbs in the Patriarchate of Peć during the First Decades of the 18th Century
Authors: Kręzel Piotr
Published: November 2022

In the early modern era, the Serbs who lived in the Balkan Peninsula under Ottoman rule formed what was known as a millet. From 1557, their leader was the head of the Patriarchate of Peć, whose jurisdiction and scope of territorial powers were constantly determined by an official document issued by the sultan – i.e., a berat. The aim of the article is to characterise the legal situation and fiscal obligations of the Serbian people in the Ottoman Empire in the period between their first (1689/1690) and second (1737–1739) migration. The research focuses on the times of Patriarch Arsenije IV Jovanović Šakabenta (1698–1748) and his methods of obtaining various kinds of tributes (dimica, svadbina) to pay the annual kesim tax to Hazine-i Âmire. The text also analyses the areas where the Patriarchate of Peć held jurisdiction in the first decades of the 18th century.
Aconite – a Poison, or a Medicine? Ancient and Early Byzantine Testimonies
Authors: Jagusiak Krzysztof , Tadajczyk Konrad Tomasz
Published: November 2022

Aconite (Aconitum napellus) was one of the most notorious, poisonous plants in the ancient world. Its dangerous, lethal power – present in leaves, roots, stem, and tuber – was well known to the Greeks and the Romans from the earliest times. Evidence of this phenomenon is not only present in archaeological findings, but also in many writings – biographies, poems, legal codes, etc.
However, the most precise and detailed accounts come from treatises written by botanists, physicians and encyclopaedists, like Theophrastus, Nicander, Pliny the Elder, Dioscorides, or Galen, and by early Byzantine authors, Oribasius, Aetius of Amida, and Paul of Aegina. In their testimonies, one can find descriptions of aconite, its influence on the human body (and animals), and remedies for affected people.
In contrast, there are few passages from these sources that inform the readers about the healing properties of aconite. According to these fragments, carefully administered, aconite could be helpful in some therapies, but its use was extremely hazardous, as even a small part of the plant could kill a man.
Temperature Predicts the Population of Aceria cajani Chan. (Acari: Eriophyidae) and Efficacy of Insecticides and Acaricides in its Control on Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp.]
Authors: Vasudha Ambati , Umapathy G. , Priya R. Vishnu , Vijayalakshmi D. , Manoranjitham S.K. , Balusubramani V.
Published: November 2022

Background: The pigeonpea eriophyid mite, Aceria cajani Chan., vector of sterility mosaic disease in pigeonpea, causes economic damage of up to 90% during the early stages of crop growth. The major element in deploying management practice is to know the population dynamics of the pest. Generally, the vectors of disease causing agents were managed with the synthetic chemical. So we have taken studies to know efficacy of insecticides and acaricides in its control on pigeonpea. Methods: The population dynamics of A. cajani Chan. was monitored in field plots from January 2021 to December 2021. For efficacy of insecticides and acaricides studies in control of A. cajani a completely randomized design was organized. Twelve treatments (insecticides/acaricides) were tested against A. cajani on pigeonpea [var. ICP 8863 (Shree Maruti]. Result: This study found that mite population reached a peak in the summer (March) and another peak in the post-monsoon period (October), whereas the lowest populations were recorded in winter (January). Correlation studies exhibited a significant positive correlation with both maximum and minimum temperature. The insecticide and acaricide trials on A. cajani found that all chemicals used were effective and entomopathogenic formulations were comparatively less effective.
Özel Sektör Çalışanlarında Mutluluk ve Yaşam Doyumu İlişkisi
Authors: ÖZAVCİ Ramazan , ÖZKAN Eda , KOÇ Okan
Published: November 2022

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Balıkesir il merkezindeki özel sektör çalışanlarının mutluluk ve yaşam doyumu arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir.

Çalışanların mutluluk algılarını ölçmek üzere Demirci (2017) Tarafından geliştirilen mutluluk algısı ölçeği ve yaşam doyumunu ölçebilmek için Diener, Emmons, Larson ve Griffin (1985) tarafından geliştirilen ve Türkçe uyarlaması Dağlı ve Baysal (2016) Tarafından yapılan yaşam doyumu ölçeği ile ölçülmüştür. Araştırmanın evrenini Balıkesir il merkezinde farklı iş kollarında çalışan bireyler oluştururken örneklemini ise yine aynı evren içerisinde tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemiyle belirlenen 385 çalışan oluşturmaktadır. Ölçüm verilerine yönelik geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizlerinin ardından verilerin normal dağılım sergilemesinden ötürü parametrik test yönteminden faydalanılmıştır. Bu anlamda çalışanların mutluluk algıları ile yaşam doyumları arasındaki ilişkinin ortaya koyulması için Pearson Korelasyon analizi kullanılırken bağımsız değişken olarak belirlenen mutluluk algısının bağımlı değişken olarak belirlenen yaşam doyumuna etkisi Linear Regresyon analizi ile yapılmıştır. İstatistiksel analiz sonuçları p
Organic matter, its generation potential, and the composition of the Artinskian deposits of the north of the Pre-Ural Foredeep (Timan-Pechora Province)
Authors: Kotik O. , Saldin V
Published: November 2022

This article discusses the results of lithological and geochemical studies of the Artinskian deposits and organic matter, which is a part of the petroleum source rocks of the northern part of the Pre-Ural Foredeep of the Timan-Pechora Province. The rocks are very diverse in composition (clastolites, pelitolites, carbonatolites and mixtolites) and structural and textural features. Mixtoliths are widespread in shallow-marine environments (lower molasse deposits), which are associated with mixed terrestrial and marine organic matter. We recorded the predominance of poor and fair petroleum source rocks due to increasing terrigenous component. Mixtoliths of the Kochmes area (HI of 240 mg HC/g TOC) are characterized by the best generation potential. Organic petrography studies indicate the predominance of bituminite (sapropel base) in the composition of organic matter, the terrigenous components dominates in the eastern regions adjacent to the Urals.
Quantidade é qualidade na comunicação pública
Authors: Silva Maurílio Luiz Hoffmann da , Pedroso Neto Antônio José
Published: November 2022

Este artigo investiga quão similares ou quão diferentes são os tribunais eleitorais com relação ao uso do Twitter como ferramenta de comunicação pública. Analisa os 28 perfis dos tribunais eleitorais no Twitter e 2.047 tweets publicados em duas semanas de 2020. São utilizados dois métodos: a análise de conteúdo e a análise de correspondências múltiplas. Os tweets são classificados em quatro tipos (Tweet; Retweet; Menção; e Resposta) e seis categorias temáticas (Diálogo; Interesse público; Decisões, notícias e checagens; Sessões, eventos e datas comemorativas; Promoção institucional e pessoal; e Outros). Como principal resultado, tem-se as diferenças e similaridades das estratégias de comunicação pública adotadas pelos órgãos, resultado que se fundamenta em um princípio relacional entre quantidade de publicações e qualidade da comunicação pública exercida no Twitter.
Pengaruh Seduhan Kopi Robusta Sebagai Antioksidan Terhadap Kadar Malondialdehyde (MDA) pada Tikus Wistar Jantan
Authors: Pratiwi Endah
Published: November 2022

Latar Belakang: Pola tidur jaga terbalik merupakan perilaku dimana pelaku tidak melakukan istirahat malam sebagai mana mestinya yang dilakukan oleh banyak orang, namun justru siang hari digunakan untuk istirahat malam/tidur. Untuk mencegah semua itu, diperlukan antioksidan yang mampu mencegah stress oksidatif. Ternyata sebuah penelitian membuktikan bahwa terdapat kandungan antioksidan flavonoid yang ada didalam kopi robusta (Coffea robusta) sebesar 10,90 µg/g, kandungan kafein sebesar 2,4%, protein sebesar 7,5%, dan kandungan chlorogenic acid (CGA) sebesar 6,4% sebagai antioksidan.Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui pengaruh seduhan kopi robusta terhadap kadar Malondialdehyde (MDA) pada tikus wistar jantan Metode PenelitianAlat dan Bahan : Kandang tikus, tempat minum, vakum, sonde lambung, timbangan elektronik, spuit, gunting bedah, pinset, dan spektrofotometri, Pakan standart tikus putih jantan strain wistar, aquadest, seduhan kopi robusta, larutan HCL, Reagensia untuk pengukuran kadar MDA, dan larutan kloroform.Rancangan Penelitian : Metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan pendekatan Randomized Post Test Only Control Group Design. Pengukuran MDA dilakukan dengan pereaksi thiobarbituric acid (TBA).Hasil dan Pembahasan: Berdasarkan hasil uji T independent, dengan jumlah sampel 6 dari masing masing kelompok (kontrol dan perlakuan) memiliki rata-rata konsentrasi MDA pada kelompok perlakuan (PI,P2,P3) sebesar 11.69 ± 15.49 nmol/mg) jika dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (K12,K2) sebesar 12.83± 20.10 nmol/mg. Ini mengindikasikan bahwa dengan kelompok perlakuan stress psikologis yang diberikan seduhan kopi robusta mampu menurunkan kadar MDA sebagai penanda stress oksidatif.Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan pembahasan yang telah diuraikan diatas, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan konsentrasi MDA antara kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan. Kata kunci : Pola tidur terbalik, Antioksidan, Stress oksidatif, Kopi Robusta
Analisis Customer Value Pelayanan Kesehatan Terhadap Loyalitas Pasien di Poliklinik UNESA
Authors: Wulandari Laura
Published: November 2022

Latar Belakang: Pertumbuhan pasien Poliklinik UNESA cenderung fluktuatif bahkan dapat dikatakan mengalami penurunan yang signifikan. Pada tahun 2018 pertumbuhan pelayanan pasien Poliklinik UNESA menurun dari tahun sebelumnya dengan persentasi sebesar -5,20 %. Pada tahun 2019 pertumbuhan pelayanan pasien Poliklinik UNESA merosot tajam yaitu sebesar -30,32 % dari tahun sebelumnya. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa telah terjadi penurunan jumlah kunjungan pasien di tahun 2019 yang sangat tajam dibandingkan periode tahun sebelumnya..Tujuan: Menganalisis Customer Value terhadap kepuasan pasien yang berdampak pada penurunan kunjungan pasien di Poliklinik UNESA.  Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan observasional analitik dengan rancang bangun cross sectional. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode online menggunakan google formulir. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 137 orang yang terdiri dari mahasiswa yang masih aktif kuliah saat penelitian ini dilakukan, pegawai yang masih aktif bekerja di UNESA dan masyarakat umum yang pernah mendapatkan pelayanan kesehatan di Poliklinik UNESAHasil: Hasil dalam penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 83 orang responden (60,6%) memiliki penilaian yang cukup baik terhadap emotional value, 79 orang responden (57,7%) memiliki penilaian yang cukup baik terhadap social value, 95 orang responden (69,3%) memiliki penilaian yang cukup baik terhadap quality/performance value dan 99 orang responden (72,3%) memiliki penilaian yang cukup baik terhadap price/value of money. Sebanyak 98 orang responden (71,5%) cukup puas terhadap pelayanan di Poliklinik UNESA dan sebanyak 98 orang responden (71,5%) cukup loyal terhadap pelayanan di Poliklinik UNESA. Karakteristik pasien memiliki signifikasi lebih kecil dari pada alpha terhadap costumer value, Customer value memiliki signifikasi lebih kecil dari pada alpha terhadap kepuasan pasien. Selain itu, kepuasan pasien memiliki signifikasi lebih kecil dari pada alpha terhadap loyalitas pasienKesimpulan: Karakteristik pasien memiliki signifikansi yang lebih kecil dari alpha pada Customer Value, Customer Value memiliki signifikansi yang lebih kecil dari alpha pada kepuasan pasien. Selain itu, kepuasan pasien memiliki signifikansi yang lebih kecil daripada alpha terhadap loyalitas pasien. Berdasarkan hal tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa karakteristik pasien mempengaruhi Customer Value, Customer Value mempengaruhi kepuasan pasien dan kepuasan pasien mempengaruhi loyalitas pasien.
Gambaran Higiene dan Sanitasi Jasa Boga di “K” Catering Kabupaten Banyuwangi
Authors: Mathofani Shelviana
Published: November 2022

Latar Belakang: Makanan merupakan sumber energi yang sangat penting bagi kelangsungan hidup manusia. Seiring berkembangnya teknologi dan aktivitas serta mobilitas yang tinggi, membuat semua orang lebih memilih untuk mengolah makanan secara praktis. Hal ini mendorong tumbuhnya bisnis jasaboga diberbagai penjuru dunia. Bisnis jasaboga harus diawasi dan dikontrol secara rutin penerapan hygiene sanitasinya guna mencegah terjadinya penyakit seperti keracunan makanan yang diakibatkan oleh kontaminasi pada makanan.Tujuan: Gambaran penerapan hygiene sanitasi jasa boga di “K” catering di Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Metode: Rancangan penelitian ini merupakan rancangan penelitian observasional deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara melakukan wawancara dengan pemiliki atau pihak marketing dari “K” Catering, serta mengamati langsung keadaan tempat catering. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah lembar observasi (checklist) yang terdiri dari 8 variabel yang telah disesuaikan dengan peraturan yang berlaku. Hasil penelitian kemudian dikelompokkan menjadi 2 yaitu tidak laik hygiene sanitasi (0-74%) dan laik hygiene sanitasi (75-100%)Hasil: Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa “K” Catering tidak memenuhi syarat laik hygiene sanitasi sesuai dengan Pedoman pada Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan RI Nomor 1096/MENKES/PER/VI/2011 Tentang Higiene Sanitasi Jasaboga, karena mendapatkan skor sebesar 72,68% atau ≤74%Kesimpulan: Secara keseluruhan penerapan hygiene sanitasi di “K” Catering sudah cukup baik, mengingat skor yang diperoleh sudah mencapai belum memenuhi standar pedoman yang berlaku. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan upaya perbaikan pada beberapa kriteria pada masing-masing variable guna meningkatkan nilai skor minimal yang harus dicapai oleh pihak “K” catering.
Tinjauan Literatur: Kegiatan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Dalam Mendukung Ketahanan Pangan Masyarakat Indonesia Selama Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Prafena Priskila Kris , Nadhiroh Siti Rahayu , Rifky Mahmud Aditya
Published: November 2022

Latar Belakang: Ketidakstabilan kondisi perekonomian akibat pandemi COVID-19 semakin dirasakan dalam kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia, khususnya rumah tangga. Ketahanan pangan meliputi tiga aspek yaitu ketersediaan, konsumsi, dan akses pangan. Adanya peningkatan angka pengangguran dan kemiskinan serta kenaikan harga pangan saat pandemi COVID-19 berpengaruh terhadap akses pangan masyarakat sehingga dapat terjadi kerawanan pangan rumah tangga. Hal ini secara tidak langsung berpengaruh terhadap status kesehatan dan gizi masyarakat sehingga menjadi rentan terhadap penyakit tersebut.Tujuan: Artikel ini membahas upaya-upaya dalam mendukung ketahanan pangan pada masyarakat Indonesia selama pandemi COVID-19 melalui kegiatan pemberdayaan masyarakat.Metode: Literature Review dilakukan dengan mengkaji beberapa artikel yang membahas upaya ketahanan pangan rumah tangga masyarakat Indonesia selama pandemi COVID-19. Dari 44 artikel yang diperoleh dari jurnal nasional, terdapat 20 artikel yang ditinjau dipilih berdasarkan kesesuaian dengan tujuan penulisan artikel.Ulasan: Pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam mendukung ketahanan pangan rumah tangga selama pandemi COVID-19 di kalangan masyarakat Indonesia berfokus pada pemanfaatan lahan pekarangan termasuk lahan yang sempit. Kegiatan yang telah dilakukan antara lain edukasi, penyuluhan/sosialisasi, pelatihan dan pendampingan budidaya tanaman dan ikan. Budidaya tanaman meliputi metode tanam menggunakan pupuk dan teknik hidroponik atau akuaponik. Tanaman yang digunakan seperti melon, mentimun, cabai merah, cabai rawit, bayam, kangkung, sawi, kacang panjang, jahe, cincau, dan kunyit. Adapun untuk BUDIKDAMBER biasanya menggunakan ikan lele dan sayur kangkung. Edukasi dan penyuluhan atau sosialisasi mengenai budidaya tanaman dan BUDIKDAMBER telah meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat terkait hal tersebut. Adanya pelatihan dan pendampingan tentang budidaya tersebut menghasilkan kemampuan untuk melakukan budidaya bahan pangan berkualitas yang dapat digunakan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari maupun menjadi usaha dalam menambah penghasilan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan tersebut sesuai dengan kebutuhan masyarakat setempat dalam rangka mencapai ketahanan pangan rumah tangga selama pandemi COVID-19.Kesimpulan: Upaya ketahanan pangan rumah tangga dalam menghadapi pandemi COVID-19 dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan lahan pekarangan. Kegiatan pemberdayaan masyarakat berupa edukasi dan pelatihan mengenai budidaya tanaman dan BUDIKDAMBER telah meningkatkan motivasi, pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat. Melalui kegiatan tersebut, masyarakat mampu melakukan budidaya secara mandiri dan menghasilkan bahan pangan berkualitas yang dapat digunakan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari maupun menjadi usaha dalam menambah penghasilan sehingga ketahanan pangan rumah tangga tetap tercapai selama masa pandemi.
Circular economy without chemicals controls? Evidence of recirculated toxic plasticizers in flexible PVC products
Authors: Ramungul Nudjarin , Boontongkong Yot , Viwatthanasittiphong Pavares , Chuayrueng1 Nuengruthai , Temtanapat Yaowadee , Koonhorm Saisamorn , Ausavanonkulporn Arjaree
Published: November 2022

The global push towards a circular economy (CE) has led to increasing efforts to improve resource utilization efficiency, including plastics recycling. However, the presence of additives, especially those that are toxic, complicates plastics recycling in several ways. Without sufficient controls, the spread of hazardous additives via recycling activities represents a significant public health challenge, particularly among developing nations. This study demonstrates evidence of such uncontrolled recycling, based on an investigation of four household flexible PVC product groups available in Thailand. A versatile pyrolysis/thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py/TD-GC-MS) method was employed to simultaneously screen 18 target plasticizers in these products. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and diisononyl phthalate (DINP) are the most frequently detected primary plasticizers. DEHP is dominant in vinyl boots, flooring sheets, and hoses, while DINP is dominant in cable sheaths, likely due to a spill-over effect from the EU Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) directive. Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are secondary plasticizers that are also detected in most samples, except for boots. The other plasticizers detected include other ortho-phthalates and non-phthalates. These results provide insight into combinatory patterns of plasticizer ‘cocktails’, that comprise restricted, as-yet-unrestricted, and non-restricted plasticizers, embedded in the same individual samples, with a maximum of seven plasticizers found in a single cable sheath. These findings indicate the existence of potentially risky recycling practices that target embedded plasticizers to save cost, without due consideration of their inherent toxicity. Proper interventions are necessary to ensure that CE and chemical safety can be synergized.
Fractured narratives of psy disciplines and the LGBTQIA+ rights movement in India: A critical examination
Authors: Kottai Sudarshan R , Ranganathan Shubha
Published: November 2022

In 2018, a day before the Supreme Court of India commenced hearing the curative petition on Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code (which criminalised "carnal intercourse against the order of nature"), the Indian Psychiatric Society (IPS) issued an official statement that homosexuality is not a mental pathology. In 2014, a year after the top court recriminalised homosexuality, the then IPS president had termed it as a pathology requiring treatment. By examining articles on LGBTQIA+ rights published in two flagship Indian journals in psychiatry and clinical psychology, position statements by professional bodies, and international and national developments in human rights mechanisms, we argue that psychiatry's voice for human rights protection of the marginalised has been akin to whispering sweet nothings in tune with the juridico-penal system. In turn, clinical psychology appears to huddle with biomedical psychiatry without raising its voice against coercive and traumatising practices within mainstream technocratic psychiatry. We seek to explore the troubled relationship between mainstream psy disciplines and LGBTQIA+ persons characterised by psychological evasion: failure of mainstream psy disciplines to take up sensitive, socio-political issues like same sex love in a broader human rights framework leading to individualisation- pathologisation complex which further side-lines persons living on the margins of society.
Exemplary operational research on an important public health problem
Authors: Jain Yogesh , Phutke Gajanan
Published: November 2022

Rabies is a fatal disease once contracted, and a serious public health problem. Immunisation was unaffordable and inaccessible for most affected people in India. Omesh Bharti’s operational research allows us to reduce the unit dose needed for life saving rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) for class 3 rabid animal bites thereby raising hopes that access to this drug will improve. This study also suggests how public health research should question established guidelines that are rooted in impractical biomedicine without considering sociopolitical realities. The randomised controlled trial as a standard of research methodology is not only impractical but unnecessary. We discuss some of the challenges such as stockout of life saving medicines like RIG and suggest possible solutions. There is still a need to determine the correct RIG dose and the best technique for administering, storage and timing of this important drug.
Baby talcum powder: Safety and accountability concerns
Authors: DK Srinivas
Published: November 2022

There is nothing unethical about a business house making profit. It is their dharma. But their products should always be beneficial to end users and certainly not cause them harm. It is important to follow the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence, particularly in the pharmaceutical and allied industries manufacturing healthcare products. Full disclosure of potential health or environmental risks is essential. Unfortunately, several companies have not come out with full disclosure, and have thus been found lacking in accountability.
Ethical qualms while treating diabetes in low-resource areas
Authors: Phutke Gajanan , Patil Sushil , Jain Yogesh
Published: November 2022

Diabetes care in low-resource rural areas is often compromised by access and finance barriers, leading to ethical dilemmas for physicians in diagnosis and treatment. Rural health workers should be educated on how poverty, disproportionate rural health infrastructure, and illiteracy impact diabetes care to facilitate a paradigm shift from blaming patients for poor adherence to improving health systems in order to address underlying structural care seeking barriers of cost, distance and social stigma. With these barriers urban, high resource protocols cannot be implemented and there is need for separate evidence-based protocols for rural, low resource populations. Having such set protocols coupled with continuous training and use of mobile/telemedicine technology could help shifting tasks to nurses and peripheral health workers. The National Programme For Prevention And Control Of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases & Stroke may benefit from this communitising care model by setting up PHC-level NCD clinics run by trained nurses and health workers with physician backup using technology as needed. This way of utilizing non-physician health workers to treat uncomplicated diabetes patients may not only allow physicians quality time and more resources to treat complicated diabetes patients but also provide good quality, accessible care within everyone's reach.
Ubuntu and COVID-19 in South Africa: Surviving the Pandemic through Community Solidarity
Authors: Thabethe Nompumelelo , Pulla Venkat Rao
Published: November 2022

This article investigates the relevance of the African philosophy of ubuntu in the South African context during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data is drawn from the available academic literature and analysed using the elements of ubuntu as a theoretical lens. A systemic review was adopted as a methodological approach for the selection and review of scholarship that fosters unity and solidarity in times of crisis. The discussion delineates the impact of COVID-19 in South Africa and the significance of ubuntu in building community solidarity and resilience. It further demonstrates the universal nature of ubuntu with its intention of upholding togetherness and unity in times of crisis and renewal. Community solidarity ensures social protection and belonging, thereby propagating ubuntu as a way of navigating the global pandemic. Despite the contestations of the meaning and application of ubuntu, the findings of this study postulate that ubuntu is essential in times of crisis and renewal.
Standard Gibbs Energy of Binding of the gp120 Antigen of HIV-1 to the CD4 Receptor
Authors: Popovic Marko
Published: November 2022

HIV-1, like other viruses, represents an open thermodynamic system. This is why it is important to know its thermodynamic properties. Virus-host interactions are performed at the membrane as antigen-receptor binding. Antigen-receptor binding represents a chemical reaction, similar to protein-ligand interactions. The driving force for antigen-receptor binding is Gibbs energy of binding. Knowing Gibbs energy of binding, it is possible to estimate the rate of virus binding and entry into host cells. In this paper, binding equilibrium constants and standard Gibbs energies of binding between the HIV-1 gp120 antigen and the CD4 receptor have been reported at 4°C, 22°C and 37°C.
G4-DNA, Class Switch Recombination and Potential Additional Regulations in B-Lymphocytes
Authors: Dezé Ophélie , Laffleur Brice , Cogné Michel
Published: November 2022

Mature B cells notably diversify immunoglobulin (Ig) production through class switch recombination (CSR), allowing the junction of distant “switch” (S) regions. CSR is initiated by activation-induced deaminase (AID) which targets cytosines adequately exposed within single-stranded DNA of transcribed targeted S regions, with a specific affinity for WRCY motifs. In mammals, G-rich sequences are additionally present in S regions, forming canonical G-quadruplexes (G4s) DNA structures which favor CSR. Small molecules interacting with G4-DNA (G4 ligands), proved able to regulate CSR in B lymphocytes, either positively (such as for nucleoside diphosphate kinase isoforms) or negatively (such as for RHPS4). G4-DNA is also implicated in the control of transcription, and due to their impact on both CSR and transcriptional regulation, G4-rich sequences likely play a role in the natural history of B cell malignancies. Since G4-DNA stands at multiple locations in the genome, and notably within oncogene promoters, it remains to be clarified how it can more specifically promote legitimate CSR in physiology, rather than pathogenic translocation. The specific regulatory role of G4 structures in transcribed DNA and/or in corresponding transcripts and recombination hereby appears as a major issue for understanding immune responses and lymphomagenesis.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices towards COVID-19 among Pregnant Women in Northern Bangladesh: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Tasnim Homyra , Amin Md. Bony , Roy Nitai , Aktarujjaman Md. , Rogers Bryan T. , Rosby Raphyel , Hossain Ekhtear
Published: November 2022

Background: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is still a global public health concern due to the absence of effective antiviral treatment against different strains. Studies have shown that pregnant women are more susceptible to COVID-19 due to altered physiology and immunological features. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate pregnant women's knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) to prevent COVID-19 and determine the factors associated with KAP. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 425 pregnant women in Northern Bangladesh. The samples were obtained using a simple random sampling technique from April 5 to June 15, 2020. The data were collected by face-to-face survey with a structured and pre-tested questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed, and p-values < 0.05 at 95% CI were considered statistically significant. Results: Overall, the score of KAP among the respondents was 47.76%, 49.41%, and 56.24%, respectively. Participants' area of residence, educational status of the husband, and antenatal care (ANC) visit were significantly associated with the level of knowledge, whereas age, educational status of the husband, number of living children, and knowledge were significant predictors of attitude. The knowledge of COVID-19 was the only predictor associated with the practice. Conclusion: Our study shows that almost half of the participants had poor knowledge, a negative attitude, and poor practices toward COVID-19. Additional health education programs by healthcare professionals and different media, coordinated and combined efforts of government and individuals' participation will be required to fight the spread of the infection.
SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) specifically detect humoral immune reactions in an ELISA based platform
Authors: Hirschberg Stefan , Bauer Hannes , Kamhieh-Milz Julian , Ringel Frauke , Harms Christoph , Eddin Omar Kamal , Pruß Axel , Hanack Katja , Schulze-Forster Kai
Published: November 2022

A key in controlling the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is the assessment of the immune status of the population. We explored the utility of SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles (VLPs) as antigens to detect specific humoral immune reactions in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). For this purpose, SARS-CoV-2 VLPs were produced from an engineered cell line and characterized by western blot, ELISA and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Subsequently, we collected 42 serum samples from before the pandemic (2014), 89 samples from healthy-, and 38 samples from vaccinated subjects. Seventeen samples were collected less than three weeks after infection, and 44 samples more than three weeks after infection. All serum samples were characterized for their reactivity with VLPs and the SARS-CoV-2 N- and S-protein. Finally, we compared the performance of the VLP-based ELISA with a certified in vitro diagnostic device (IVD). In the applied set of samples, we determined a sensitivity of 95.5 % and a specificity of 100 % for the certified IVD. There were 7 samples with an uncertain outcome. Our VLP-ELISA showed superior performance with a sensitivity of 97.5 %, a specificity of 100 %, and only 3 uncertain outcomes. This result warrants further research to develop a certified IVD based on SARS-CoV-2 VLPs as an antigen.
A CFD-DEM Model for Particle Transport in Airways
Authors: Islam Mohammad S. , Larpruenrudee Puchanee , Rahman Md. Mizanur , Sauret Emilie , Gu Yuantong
Published: November 2022

The fluid flow field at the upper airways is highly complex due to the complex structure of the airway. The inhaled particle flow, the air streamline and the interaction of the continuum and discrete phase could significantly affect the transport behaviour of the inhaled particles. A range of analytical, mathematical and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models analyzed the airflow and particle transport in different idealized and asymmetric airway models. A precise understanding of the continuum and discrete phase interaction in realistic human airways is missing, and this study aims to develop a CFD-DEM model for particle transport in realistic airways. This study uses the CFD model for the continuum phase and the discrete element method (DEM) for the discrete phase. A soft sphere approach is used for the interaction of the discrete phase. Proper validation is performed for particle transport efficiency. The CFD-DEM model analyzed the particle transport in an idealized and realistic airway model, and different methods are used to analyze the transport behaviour. During the particle-particle interaction, a stagnation point and a high-pressure zone are observed at the airway model's carinal angle. The numerical results report higher deposition efficiency (DE) for particle-particle interaction than without interaction. The flow field becomes highly complex with the spring constant values, and higher DE is found for high spring constant values. The spring dashpot friction-dshf method shows higher deposition at the upper part of the airways than other interaction methods. The findings of this study and more case-specific analysis would improve the knowledge of aerosol transport in airways and the health risk assessment of the patient.
Completeness of Bethe Ansatz for Gaudin Models with gl(1|1) Symmetry and Diagonal Twists
Authors: Lu Kang
Published: November 2022

We study the Gaudin models with gl(1|1) symmetry that are twisted by a diagonal matrix and defined on tensor products of polynomial evaluation gl(1|1)[t]-modules, extending all the results of to the twisted case. Namely, we give an explicit description of the algebra of Hamiltonians (Gaudin Hamiltonians) acting on tensor products of polynomial evaluation gl(1|1)[t]-modules and show that there exists a bijection between common eigenvectors (up to proportionality) of the algebra of Hamiltonians and monic divisors of an explicit polynomial written in terms of the highest weights and evaluation parameters. In particular, our result implies that each common eigenspace of the algebra of Hamiltonians has dimension one. We also give dimensions of the generalized eigenspaces.
Characterization of Cementitious Materials Exposed to Freezing and Thawing using 3D Scans
Authors: Haynack Alexander , Timothy Jithender J. , Kränkel Thomas , Gehlen Christoph
Published: November 2022

Deterioration of concrete subjected to freezing and thawing climatic conditions is one of most important factors affecting the durability of concrete infrastructure in cold climates. The freeze-thaw resistance of cementitious materials like concrete and mortar can be determined by the CDF test (Capillary Suction of De-icing chemicals and Freeze-Thaw Test). Here, concrete specimens are subjected to repeated freeze-thaw cycles with simultaneous addition of de-icing salt and the amount of material weathered near the surface is determined. For concretes with adequate freeze-thaw resistance, this test method works very well. However, specimens with inadequate or unknown performance often experience increased edge weathering, which is caused by the detachment of the lateral isolation tape. The increasing edge influence thus leads to a falsification of the results and consequently to an underestimation of the actual freeze-thaw resistance of the material. In materials research in particular, however, concretes with high levels of weathering are studied in order to be able to investigate various factors of influence on the freeze-thaw resistance of concretes in a targeted manner. This paper presents a novel methodology that delivers new information regarding the weathering of CDF test samples and the associated distribution function of the height decrease using high resolution 3D scan data. The results indicate a correlation between the progression of the distribution function and the sample's maximum aggregate size. The change of the sample volume can be used to support the weathering results of the standard CDF methodology. The increase of the surface area is used to estimate the tortuosity of the sample surface. It indicates an asymptotic curve approaching a specific maximum value, which is dependent on the the weathering depth of the sample.
Quantization & the Koopman-von Neumann Formulation
Authors: Wallentin Fritiof Nils
Published: November 2022

In a previous work by the author it was shown that the Koopman-von Neumann formulation of classical mechanics (KvN) exhibits quantum interference. As such it was there claimed that KvN ought to be considered as a proper quantum mechanical theory in a similar sense as ordinary non-relativistic quantum mechanics (OQM) is. In this article this claim is made manifest by showing that KvN and OQM can be taken as merely inequivalent representations resulting from one and the same quantization scheme. Of course, as the typical notion of quantization necessitates the canonical commutation relations (CCR) to hold, which they do not in KvN, the concept needs to be properly revised. To justify such a revision the typical reasons for necessitation the CCR, reductionism and quantization as 'turning brackets to commutators', are examined and found insufficient.